bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ÁGUA E CIDADANIA: CONSTRUÇÃO DE CARTILHA DIGITAL NO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Souza Amanda Cordeiro de Melo , Dos Santos Klyvia Leuthier , Guimarães Walma Nogueira Ramos
Published: June 2019

O ensino de Ciências tem um importante papel na sala de aula por incentivar o desenvolvimento das noções de ambiente, de formações, relações existentes entre seres vivos e não vivos no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, fomentando as discussões que permitem entender as relações humanas e o meio ambiente do ponto de vista das ciências que buscam sua validação no próprio objeto de estudo. Assim, a água é um tema comumente tratado no ensino de Ciências, mas diante da realidade em que o mundo vem enfrentando com a iminente diminuição de água e problemas relacionados, carece de discussões entre os estudantes para a formação da cidadania. Portanto, objetivou-se produzir e licenciar uma cartilha digital que busca trabalhar conceitos de água e cidadania com educandos do ensino fundamental, a fim de contribuir na formação de cidadãos conscientes relacionados ao espaço estuarino do Rio Capibaribe. Para isso, as informações que compõem o levantamento inicial de forma a obter os conhecimentos prévios dos educandos sobre a temática foram obtidas de um questionário com perguntas abertas. A partir desses dados, os educandos elaboraram um mapa mental e uma cartilha com desenhos, pinturas, frases e informações acerca da temática água e cidadania. Como template para produção da cartilha digital, utilizamos a plataforma gratuita PicMonkey e está licenciada com uma Licença Creative Commons. Discutem-se possíveis percursos que os docentes podem realizar junto aos estudantes, de maneira a apontar alternativas para uma mudança de comportamento em sala de aula na formação de cidadãos.
EDITORIAL: EDUCAÇÃO E CIÊNCIAS AMBIENTAIS
Authors: Nogueira Christiano , Joucoski Emerson
Published: June 2019

Este dossiê temático sobre a Educação e Ciências Ambientais nos agracia com trabalhos inéditos oriundos de várias instituições do país. A proposta deste dossiê foi motivada com o início das atividades do Programa de Pós-graduação emEnsino das Ciências Ambientais – Polo UFPR devido à discussões e debates entre docentes e discentes sobre a oportunidade de congregar trabalhos no contexto do Ensino das Ciências Ambientais. Nesse número especial, apresentamos trabalhos que abordam a educação e as ciências ambientais, metodologias e práticas  pedagógicas na perspectiva interdisciplinar.
The Critical Metals: An Overview and Opportunities and Concerns for the Future
Authors: Jowitt Simon M. , Mudd Gavin M. , Werner Timothy T. , Weng Zhehan , Barkoff Drew W. , McCaffrey Dalton
Published: June 2019

The critical metals are vital to modern life due to their use in a variety of domestic, green, and military high technology applications but have supplies that are inherently insecure. This study provides an overview of the concept of criticality as applied to the critical metals and outlines key issues around the resources and future supply of these metals. The methods used to quantify the criticality of critical metals have advanced over time, demonstrating that some metals are more strategically important than others, depending on the viewpoint of the organization considering criticality. However, global resources and reserves of a number of critical metals as well as their production statistics remain unclear. Methods exist to quantify the resources of critical metals with reasonable accuracy but these methods rely on information provided by the mining industry, indicating that better reporting practices would improve our knowledge of the global resources and cycling of these key commodities. Criticality can also be addressed in numerous ways, including the analysis of known mine supply chains to enable the economic extraction of critical metal by-products, the determination of the critical metal prospectivity of mining/mineral processing wastes (given a significant amount of critical metals currently deport to waste), increased amounts of recycling intermediates or end-use products containing critical metals, and the discovery of new and economic deposits of the critical metals. However, all of these approaches and the associated policy around them require more information in terms of mineral resource accounting, mineral economics, material flow analysis, mineral processing, as well as increased economic geology knowledge that would enable the making of future discoveries and increase the likelihood of critical metals being extracted as either primary or by-products. Without this information, significant parts of our knowledge base on the supply (and the security of this supply) of the critical metals will remain opaque.
Anhydrite Assimilation by Ultramafic Melts of the Bushveld Complex, and Its Consequences to Petrology and Mineralization
Authors: Yudovskaya Marina A. , Sluzhenikin Sergey F. , Costin Gabi , Shatagin Konstantin N. , Dubinina Elena O. , Grobler Danie F. , Ueckermann Henriette , Kinnaird Judith A.
Published: June 2019

Sulfate assimilation by mafic to ultramafic melt is thought to be an important process in the genesis of magmatic PGE-Ni-Cu deposits. We consider petrological indicators and possible mechanisms of anhydrite assimilation by ultramafic melts of the northern limb of the Bushveld Complex. On farm Turfspruit, an anhydrite-bearing sedimentary raft of the Duitschland Formation separates the Platreef from underlying Lower zone peridotites. The proportion of anhydrite across the raft increases from negligible in corundum-sillimanite-magnetite hornfels at the base to 95 to 100% in anhydrite marble at the top. Underlying Lower zone peridotites lack anhydrite, whereas overlying Platreef pyroxenites contain both widespread interstitial to euhedral anhydrite as well as spherical to irregularly shaped anhydrite inclusions in association with olivine chadacrysts inside oikocrystic orthopyroxene. Olivine chadacryst compositions (Mg# 79–81 and 0.33–0.46 wt % NiO) support their pristine liquidus origin, although an association of Al-enriched orthopyroxene and interstitial anorthite indicates exchange reactions involving anhydrite and aluminosilicates from hornfels.

Plagioclase from the anhydrite-contaminated rocks has an Sr isotope initial ratio (Sri) of 0.7047 to 0.7063, similar to the compositions of Bushveld early primitive magmas, in agreement with a relatively nonradiogenic signature of the anhydrite-bearing contaminant with Sri of 0.7057 to 0.7094. The range of Sri of plagioclase from the underlying Lower zone peridotites (0.7040–0.7067) and from the Turfspruit platinum reefs just below the Main zone contact (0.7068–0.7084) supports their correlation and synchronous emplacement with the Lower zone and the top of the Upper Critical zone in the western and eastern limbs of the Bushveld.

The δ34S values of anhydrite (12.2–14.5‰) and a coexisting pyrrhotite-millerite-chalcopyrite sulfide assemblage (6.2–7.8‰) in a hornfelsed raft and overlying pyroxenites are interpreted to have resulted from open-system isotopic exchange, indicating closure temperatures of 750° to 820°C. The assimilation of sedimentary anhydrite is interpreted to be an important component of contact-style mineralization of the Platreef at Turfspruit that took place through the erosion and disintegration of footwall rocks by dynamic pulses of hot magmas. Chemical dissolution, thermal decomposition, and melting of sulfate-bearing rafts or xenoliths are viable assimilation processes that result in the saturation of silicate melt with sulfate, exsolution of immiscible sulfate melts, crystallization of cumulus and interstitial anhydrite, and precipitation of contact-style sulfide mineralization at the base of the intrusion. Reef-style mineralization at the top of the Platreef shows contrastingly negligible compositional and isotopic evidence of sulfate assimilation.
Geologic Controls on Hypogene Mineralization at the Zaldívar Porphyry Copper-Gold-Molybdenum Deposit, Escondida District, Northern Chile
Authors: Perelló José , González Aquiles , Monroy Cristian
Published: June 2019

The porphyry copper mineralization at the Zaldívar deposit is confined to a NE-striking corridor of early- and late-intermineral granodioritic and dacitic porphyry intrusions and associated magmatic-hydrothermal breccia bodies. Country rocks comprise Early Permian rhyolite and andesite of La Tabla Formation plus comagmatic granitoids and Late Triassic andesite dikes. Middle Eocene andesitic rocks are common but of ill-defined distribution. Hydrothermal alteration consists of centrally located, magnetite-bearing potassic assemblages that are partially to completely overprinted by chlorite-epidote and sericitic alteration zones. The bulk of the hypogene metal resource was introduced synchronously with potassic alteration and A- and B-type veinlets during emplacement and evolution of multiple centers of biotite-bearing, early-intermineral porphyry and breccia bodies. Late-intermineral, hornblende-bearing dacite porphyry phases and associated breccia centers were emplaced later than the A- and B-veinlets but prior to multiple D-type veinlet generations and contributed additional, although lower grade, mineralization. Late-mineral dacite dikes are barren. Extensions to the east and northeast connect Zaldívar with Escondida Norte, and both can be considered as separate, coalescing porphyry copper deposits.

Two discrete porphyry copper systems coexist at Zaldívar: Early Permian and late Eocene. The minor, copper-only Early Permian event (~290–285 Ma) was associated with an evolved, end-stage rhyolite porphyry phase of the La Tabla magmatism. The major late Eocene event (38.6–36.1 Ma) produced copper in addition to gold, molybdenum, and silver. Protracted Eocene porphyry copper alteration and mineralization, over ~2.5 m.y. as constrained by numerous U-Pb (zircon) and Re-Os (molybdenite) ages, was coincident with the high rates of uplift and denudation synchronous with contractional Incaic deformation. Earliest-stage porphyry intrusions at 39–38 Ma were probably associated with the terminal stages of a volcanic edifice, likely a dome complex, whose erosion products were deposited in contiguous, synorogenic basins. District-wide precursor magmatism of intermediate composition was active between 45 and 41 Ma. Oxidation and enrichment were active between ~17 and 15 Ma (supergene alunite), consistent with the chronology of supergene activity throughout the district and wider region.
Exploring accreditation from the front lines: A qualitative study of staff experiences & perceptions of hospital accreditation
Authors: Dainty Katie N , Sinclair Douglas , O'Neill Cathy , Solway Sherra , Seaton Bianca
Published: June 2019

Objective: Relative to the global investment in hospital accreditation programs overall, both the total amount and methodological quality of existing accreditation research is mediocre. To address this apparent gap in knowledge, we undertook a study of the experiences and perspectives of hospital staff, those most underrepresented in the accreditation research literature, including those working on the front lines and non-leaders who may or may not have been directly involved in the preparation for the accreditation survey visit.Methods: Design: Qualitative descriptive interview study. Setting: Tertiary care teaching hospital in Toronto, Ontario Canada. Study Participants:  Program directors, unit managers, physicians, nurses, health discipline professionals (HDP), and non-clinical staff.Results: We have grouped what we heard from the data into three major groups of findings which we have titled: a) perceptions of the purpose of accreditation; b) the “work” of accreditation; and c) dissemination gaps regarding results. Informative finding from this study include the fact that participants put surprising value on the accreditation process, although mistaken feel it is mandatory; that the “work” of accreditation can be disappointing and feels disconnected from the bigger QI picture, and that the disconnect also exists in terms of their knowledge of and belief in the actual results of the process.Conclusions: These findings point to potential gaps in the accreditation culture which can be detrimental to the impact of the accreditation process.  Such gaps likely exist in other health care organizations and could inform similar evaluations in other settings.
A study on sensitivity of seismic site amplification factors to site conditions for bridges
Authors: Chaudhary Muhammad Tariq A.
Published: June 2019

Seismic site amplification factors and seismic design spectra for bridges are influenced by site conditions that include geotechnical properties of soil strata as well as the geological setting. All modern seismic design codes recognize this fact and assign design spectral shapes based on site conditions or specify a 2-parameter model with site amplification factors as a function of site class, seismic intensity and vibration period (short and long). Design codes made a number of assumptions related to the site conditions while specifying the values of short (Fa) and long period (Fv) site amplification factors. Making these assumptions was necessary due to vast variation in site properties and limited availability of actual strong motion records on all site conditions and seismic setting in a region. This paper conducted a sensitivity analysis for site amplification factors for site classes C and D in the AASHTO bridge design code by performing a 1-D site response analysis in which values of site parameters like strata depth, travel-time averaged shear wave velocity in the top 30 m strata (Vs30), plasticity index (PI), impedance contrast ratio (ICR) and intensity of seismic ground motion were varied. The results were analyzed to identify the site parameters that impacted Fa and Fv values for site classes C and D. The computed Fa and Fv values were compared with the corresponding values in the AASHTO bridge design code and it was found that the code-based Fa and Fv values were generally underestimated and overestimated respectively.
Analysis of the Relationship between Quadrilaterals Achievement Levels and Van Hiele Geometric Thinking Levels of the Seventh Grade Students
Authors: Ersoy Meryem , İlhan Onur Alp , Sevgi Sevim
Published: June 2019

In this study, it was aimed to examine the relation between seventh-grade students' quadrilaterals achievement levels and Van Hiele geometric thinking levels. Survey method was used. The sample of the study was 160 students from the three different districts of Kayseri, as Melikgazi, İncesu, and Tomarza. Van Hiele geometric thinking test and quadrilaterals achievement test, which was developed by the first researcher, were used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics such as mean, frequency, and standard deviation and percentage tables Pearson correlation analysis which was applied to analyze the relationship between the quadrilaterals achievement test and Van Hiele geometry thinking test scores of the seventh-grade students and independent samples t-test was used to for analysis. The results of the study indicated that Van Hiele geometric thinking levels of the seventh school students were lower than expected levels. A high level of correlation was found between quadrilaterals achievement levels and their Van Hiele geometric thinking levels of the seventh-grade students. As a result of the study, quadrilaterals achievement test and Van Hiele geometric thinking test were measuring the students’ geometric abilities in the same direction.
The Response of Stream Competence to Topographic and Seasonal Variations in The Bamenda-Menchum Drainage Basin, North West Region, Cameroon
Authors: Mua Kang Edwin , Shende Kometa Sunday
Published: June 2019

The flow direction of streams remains an establishing mechanism in understanding drainage basin function and stream competence. The ability of streams to erode, transport and deposit loads in fluvial geomorphology exert a benchmark precursor for slope dynamics given the differential geological outcrop of the Bamenda-Menchum basin. Such competence in stream network generates slope instability as materials continuously move down slope from the volcanic escarpment face of Bamenda highlands to the sedimentary lowland area of Lower Bafut-Menchum basin. This paper investigate the influence of stream flow direction and stream competence on slope dynamics and how such dynamism affects the development prospects of the drainage basin. Slope range was obtained from AVL/EBI.JHO measurement. Stream length, density and flow direction were gotten from GIS Arc 21. Stream depth, channel width, flow rate and sedimentation levels were measured. Gully depth on slopes and landslide angles were measured using 30m tape and a graduated pole. Questionnaires were used to collect information on the vulnerability of households to slope dynamics orchestrated by stream competence. Findings revealed that stream competence varies from the two geological basements and that the escarpment face respond to high flow gravity and hydraulic action contributing to rapid erosion and transportation of loads. The results equally showed that the Bamenda escarpment face that is linked to the crystalline rocks produce differential erosion and landslide. 76.7% of slope instability is explained by geological structure and seasonality effect in the basin while 23.3% of slope dynamics is explained by other variables not specified in the study. The lower basin remains liable to deposition of materials on river channels and flood plain. The accumulation of sand, stones and alluvial deposits are extracted and exploited for the development prospects of the basin. The study recommends channel and slope management by integrating slope development control policy in drainage basin management and development.
Impacts of Anthropogenic Factors on Urban Air Quality in Lagos Metropolis
Authors: AGAN Peter Nkashi
Published: June 2019

Land use is the utilization and reordering of land cover for human comfort. This process disrupts the pristine state of the environment reducing the quality of environmental receptors like water, air, vegetation etc. Air pollution is introduced into the environment as a result of anthropogenic activities from commercial, industrial and residential areas. These activities are burning of fossil fuels for power generation, transport of goods and services, valorization of raw materials into finished products, bush burning, use of gas cookers, generators and electric stove etc. The introduction of pollutants into the planetary layer of the atmosphere has impacted negatively on the quality of the environment posing threat to humans and the survival of the ecosystem.

In Lagos metropolis, commercial activities and high population densities have caused elevated levels of pollution in the city. This study aimed to investigate the spatial distribution of pollutant in Lagos metropolis with a view to revealing the marked spatial/temporal difference in pollutants levels over residential, commercial and industrial land uses. Commercial and industrial land uses revealed higher levels of pollutants than the residential areas. Pearson product moment correlation coefficients revealed strong positive relationship between land use and air quality in the city.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Review of European Studies, Vol 11, No. 2
Authors: Dou Paige
Published: June 2019

Review of European Studies wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated. Review of European Studies is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://recruitment.ccsenet.org and e-mail the completed application form to res@ccsenet.org. Reviewers for Volume 11, Number 2 Alex Almici, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy Ana Souto, Nottingham Trent University, UK Anna Cebotari, Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, Republica Moldova Bing Hiong Ngu, The University of New England, Australia Carmen Ramos, University of Oviedo, Spain Dave Williams, Dublin Institute of Technology, Ireland Edwards, Beverly L, Fayetteville State University Department of Social Work, United States Emilio Greco, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy Gabriela Gruber, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Romania George Mathew Nalliveettil, Aljouf University, Saudi Arabia George Touche, Texas A&M University, USA Katja Eman, University of Maribor, Slovenia Lena Arampatzidou, Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki, Greece Maheran Zakaria, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Maria Pescaru, University of Pitești, ROMANIA Meenal Tula, University of Hyderabad, India Nasina Md, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia Natalija Vrecer, Slovenian Institute for Adult Education (SIAE), Slovenia Nunzia Di Cristo Bertali, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom Patrick van Esch, Moravian College, Australia & US Sara Núñez Izquierdo, University of Salamanca, Spain Savanam Chandra Sekhar, St. Ann’s College of Engineering & Technology, Chirala, India Skaidrė Žičkienė, Šiauliai University, Lithuania Tryfon Korontzis, Hellenic National School of Local Government , Greece Vicenta Gisbert, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain
SCHOOLCHILD’S HOMEWORK – NECESSITY VERSUS SUPERFLUOUSNESS
Authors: Karcz-Taranowicz Eugenia
Published: June 2019

The schoolchild’s homework makes an integral part of the didactic-rearing process. It is only in connection with home assignment that a lesson forms a full unit of the teaching process. The view on the role and value of homework has undergone numerous changes throughout the history of school education. At the moment, the question of home assignments is widely discussed by both parents and teachers. Some schools resign from setting them, while others defend them as an important educational tool. The aim of the article is to expose elements which confirm the necessity of retaining homework as binding in the process of teaching, as well as to point to factors that negate the need for its maintenance.
EVALUATION OF THE EDUCATION-RELATED ACHIEVEMENTS OF PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS – BETWEEN SUPPORTING AND EXCLUSION
Authors: Kowalewski Michał
Published: June 2019

It is expected that today’s school shall, on the one hand – to the greatest extent possible, support a pupil in his or her development and education-related activities, on the other hand – prevent exclusion, so easy to occur in today’s, structurally diversified society. The factor which poses a potential source of social exclusion is the evaluation of education-related achievements of pupils, present in the education-related school practice in the form of a grade. The system of evaluating the education-related achievements, in view of the diversity of results, often introduce stereotypical divisions into “better” and “worse” pupils, resulting in school setbacks, implicating negatively perceived competition as well as distorting the relations within the school community. In view of the aforementioned circumstances, the
considerations over the evaluation of education-related achievements seem to be well-founded, particularly in the context of primary education of pupils.
TWO PERSPECTIVES ON MODERN ART EDUCATION – BETWEEN MARGINALIZATION AND GLOBALIZATION
Authors: Kowalewski Michał
Published: June 2019

In the considerations dedicated to the place of art education in modern culture, one could not omit the notions of marginalization and globalization. They set new opportunities and limitations, indicate major issues with which the Polish art education has to deal with. Considering art education, one should remember that this is not only the matter of defining its place, but also creating it. For it to be feasible, it is necessary to notice the changes, to follow the new forms of participation in culture, in education, conditioned most of all by technology and civilization. The consequence of this is, just to mention, the fact that the consumers of education-related activities – do not allow to be squeezed into the framework of the hierarchy-depended education process. Their culture-wise competences are fairly diverse
and may be frequently better, in some fields, than those of the educators
The role of oxidative stress in NK-cell based cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Kłopotowska Marta , Winiarska Magdalena
Published: June 2019

Immunooncology gained great attention in cancer treatment over the
last few years. Adoptive cell therapy is a type of immunotherapy that
uses cytotoxic lymphocytes or NK cells. NK cells precisely recognize
and kill cancer cells without affecting healthy cells. These properties
make NK cells an attractive strategy with potential therapeutic applications.
NK cells can be further modified with chimeric antigen receptors
(CAR). Currently, several dozen clinical trials with NK cells are registered
for cancer treatment, including several CAR-NK cells or NK-92 cell
line modified with CAR. Despite the undeniable success of immunotherapy
in recent years, many concerns still remain unresolved. One of the
challenges for the effective immunotherapy is the immunosuppressive
tumor environment. Numerous studies indicate that persistent oxidative
stress, an important element associated with cancer, inhibits NK cell
activity. However, the exact mechanisms responsible for protecting NK
cells against suppressive oxidative stress are not identified. Therefore,
in my doctoral dissertation co-financed by the Scientific Polpharma Foundation
doctoral scholarship I focused on investigating and identifying
mechanisms protecting NK cells against oxidative stress. The obtained
results indicate that NK cells are the most sensitive to the oxidative
stress, when compared withother immune cells. Moreover, inhibition
of PRDX1-TXN1-TXNRD1 system impairs NK cell effector functions,
while the increase of PRDX1 significantly improves the survival of NK
cells and CAR-NK cells in the presence of H2O2, resulting in improved
effectiveness of NK cells under the oxidative stress conditions.
Hvad er faglitteratur for børn? Anmeldelse af J. S. Sanders: A Literature of Questions. Nonfiction for the Critical Child – What Is Children’s Nonfiction? Review of J. S. Sanders’ A Literature of Questions. Nonfiction for the Critical Child
Authors: Karlskov Skyggebjerg Anna
Published: June 2019

Faglitteratur for børn har hidtil været noget stedmoderligt behandlet inden for både forskning og formidling. Der findes relativt få videnskabelige artikler og stort set ingen bøger om faglitteratur for børn, hvorimod skønlitteraturen for børn er teoretiseret og behandlet historisk og analytisk i adskillige ud-givelser, såvel inden for de internationale − oftest angelsaksisk funderede − forskningsfællesskaber som i en nordisk kontekst. På den baggrund er det overordentlig tiltrængt, at den amerikanske børnelitteraturforsker Joe Sutcliff Sanders, der for tiden er ansat som lektor på University of Cambridge, tager genren under nærmere behandling i sin seneste bog A Literature of Questions. Nonfiction for the Critical Child.
The Politicization of the Immigration Debate in the Netherlands
Authors: Haren Nina van , Wierstra Iris , Meijl Toon van
Published: June 2019

This article analyses public discourses in the Netherlands about the arrival of boat refugees in Europe. By comparing three Dutch newspapers with received knowledge about migration in academic literature, we compare and contrast policies advocating border control in order to stop the arrival of boat refugees with scientific evidence about these proposed solutions. We argue that discrepancies exist between policy suggestions and the evidence provided by migration scholars since increased border control generally is argued not to lead to a decline in migrants, but instead to riskier routes and more deaths. Accordingly, we contend that not evidence but a nationalist discourse spreading anxiety influences the political debate. In order to corroborate this argument, we conducted a content analysis of various newspaper reports on boat refugees and their framing of the proposed policy solution of border control. This demonstrates that media are not systematically instigating moral panic as migration scholars would often like us to believe. On the contrary, much diversity is found in newspapers regarding the representation of boat refugees and many similarities may be found in arguments provided by media and scholars.
Lineage, Food and Ritual in a Chinese Metropolis
Authors: Guo Man , Herrmann-Pillath Carsten
Published: June 2019

Thirty years ago, the eminent sinologist James Watson published a paper in Anthropos on ‘common pot’ dining in the New Territories of Hong Kong, a banquet ritual that differs fundamentally from established social norms in Chinese society. We explore the recent career of the ‘common pot’ in neighbouring Shenzhen, where it has become an important symbol manifesting the strength and public role of local lineages in the rapidly growing mega-city. We present two cases, the Wen lineage and the Huang lineage. In case of the Wen, we show how the practice relates to their role as landholding groups, organized in a ‘Shareholding Cooperative Companies’ that is owned collectively by the lineage. In the Huang case, identity politics looms large in the context of globalization. In large-scale ‘big common pot festivals’ of the global Huang surname association, traditional conceptions of kinship merge with modernist conceptions of national identity.
Über Anti-Struktur, Grenzgänger und Repräsentationssysteme:
Authors: Schüler Sonja
Published: June 2019

This contribution examines the so-called ZAD of Notre-Dame-des-Landes, a municipality near the city of Nantes in the Western French department Loire-Atlantique. Officially, the abbreviation ZAD stands for the term “designated development area”, zone d’aménagement différé. For decades the site was intended to be the building zone of a large airport project. The opponents of this infrastructure project reinterpreted the abbreviation ZAD: in their understanding and common parlance it means zone to defend- zone à défendre. Within the scope of large-scale protest against the airport project the site had been occupied since 2009. The article examines whether and to what extent the occupied ZAD of Notre-Dame-des-Landes could be described as a socially critical threshold space. In this context it seeks to explore the socio-critical potential and its spatial components with reference to geographical characteristics, location and ideas related aspects as well as action-related factors. The contribution refers to the situation in the first half of the year 2015, before the official abandonment of the airport project and the evacuation of the site. Due to the high dynamic of the developments within the ZAD the findings discussed in this article should be regarded as a “snapshot”.
A new deep-water Tethya (Porifera, Tethyida, Tethyidae) from the Great Australian Bight and an updated Tethyida phylogeny
Authors: Sorokin Shirley J. , Ekins Merrick G. , Yang Qi , Cárdenas Paco
Published: June 2019

A new species of Tethya Lamarck, 1815 is described from a depth of 1000 m on the continental slope of the Great Australian Bight (GAB), southern Australia. The GAB slope was explored as part of systematic benthic surveys to understand unexplored communities in the light of current oil and gas exploration activity in the area. Tethya irisae sp. nov. was present at 1000 m in six of eight longitudinal depth surveys. Three molecular markers were obtained: COI, 28S (D3–D5) and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2. COI and 28S phylogenetic analyses show that the new species fits clearly within the genus Tethya. This is the 28th species of Tethya reported from Australia; it is unusual in that it has a stalk. The presence of a stalk as a morphological character to split genera in this family is questioned. The description of this new species is an opportunity to revisit the molecular phylogeny of the Tethyida Morrow & Cárdenas, 2015 using comprehensive datasets of COI and 28S markers. As in previous analyses, four Tethya clades were retrieved; we discuss the possibility of using external colour to support some of these clades. Despite unclear phylogenetic relationships amongst Tethyidae Gray, 1848 from Australia, our results suggest that tethyid genera Tethytimea Laubenfels, 1936, Tectitethya Sarà, 1994, Laxotethya Sarà & Sarà, 2002, Stellitethya Sarà, 1994, and Xenospongia Gray, 1858 derive from species of Tethya. We show that asters have been secondarily lost at least twice in the Hemiasterellidae Lendenfeld, 1889: in Liosina Thiele, 1899 and a potential new genus from northern Australia. We formally propose the reallocation of Liosina from Dictyonellidae van Soest, Diaz & Pomponi, 1990 to Hemiasterellidae Lendenfeld, 1889.
News from the Field
Authors: Free David
Published: June 2019

Swarthmore Libraries Friends, Peace, and Sanctuary projectBrooklyn Historical Society opens Ronald Shiffman CollectionALA and The Harwood Institute offer Public Innovators Lab for LibrariesIUPUI University Library holds first annual Open Education AwardsAALL announces 2019 Gallagher Award winnersNew Alexander Street video interface launchesArchival materials of suffragist Carrie Chapman Catt online
We’re listening: Try a textbook listening tour to advance an OER initiative
Authors: Bell Steven J. , Johnson Annie
Published: June 2019

It’s little surprise that academic librarians at institutions of every size and type are launching initiatives to encourage instructors to adopt Open Education Resources (OER). Whether these programs offer incentives to faculty or simply promote the benefits of OER and other textbook affordability options, they are a win for students who save money and gain a better learning experience. The textbook affordability movement in higher education also places academic librarians in a new leadership role as they manage campus-wide efforts to promote the benefits of OER. ACRL’s “2018 Top Trends in Academic Libraries” report identifies multiple challenges to faculty adoption, such as the lack of OER resources or perceived quality, but that these are also “opportunities for librarians to cultivate partnerships with faculty in the discovery, advocacy and preservation of OER.”
And the winners are . . .: The official results of the 2019 ACRL elections
Authors: Of College & Research Libraries Association
Published: June 2019

Karen Munro, associate dean of libraries, learning and research services, at Simon Fraser University in Burnaby, British Columbia, on the traditional, current, and unceded territories of the Squamish, Tsleil-Waututh, Musqueam, and Kwikwetlem Nations, is the 82nd president of ACRL.Jon E. Cawthorne, dean of the Wayne State University Library System and the School of Information Sciences, has been elected vice-president/president-elect of ACRL.
Washington Hotline
Authors: Hines Shawnda
Published: June 2019

The month of May was a busy one for ALA’s Public Policy and Advocacy Office, both in terms of the congressional decision-making and the release of new policy resources.
People in the News
Authors: Galloway Ann-Christe
Published: June 2019

Kevin MulroyClara OgbaaClara Ogbaa
Fast Facts
Authors: Pattillo Gary
Published: June 2019

Streaming and vinylInterlibrary loanCollege graduates and academic challengeSmart speakers, voice assistants, and parentsAcademic library collections
The Politics of Theory and the Practice of Critical Librarianship, edited by Karen P. Nicholson and Maura Seale
Authors: Wilson Stew
Published: June 2019

The Politics of Theory and the Practice of Critical Librarianship from Library Juice Press (http://libraryjuicepress.com) comes as part of a new generation of critical librarianship. Once the domain of a few librarian-scholars, critical conversations are becoming more prominent in librarianship as part of larger conversations of identity politics and intersectionality and through forums such as #critlib on Twitter.
Librarians’ Mental Models and Use of Privacy-Protection Technologies
Authors: Maceli Monica
Published: June 2019

Libraries of all kinds are uniquely positioned to educate and advocate for the use of privacy-protection technologies (PPT) by our patrons and in our communities; this naturally extends our decades-long mission to protect our patrons’ privacy in both digital and physical library environments. In pursuit of building an understanding of the challenges to expanding such work, this research study assesses librarians’ existing technical knowledge of the internet’s function, and their current use and understanding of a series of popular PPT. This research study begins to close the gap in research by building our knowledge of practicing librarians’ underlying assumptions about the function of the internet and how these internal models are employed in their understanding and use of PPT. Research study participants were asked to draw and explain their perception of the functioning of the internet, to use several PPT, and to explain the protections afforded by each technology. The findings indicate that participants maintained inaccurate mental models of the internet and PPT, leading to difficulties in understanding function, and that they struggled with organizational and technical barriers to integrating such technologies into their daily lives.
Targets of the Censor
Authors: Stone David R.
Published: June 2019

Books, Periodicals, Student Publications, Movies, Databases, Artwork, Clothing/Accessories
Breve análisis del ceremonial para la fiesta Nacional del 16 de septiembre de 1866, de Maximiliano de Habsburgo segundo emperador de México
Authors: Gómez-Huerta Suárez José
Published: June 2019

En este artículo se analiza la festividad más importante de México, en el periodo del Archiduque Maximiliano de Habsburgo. La búsqueda de los conservadores mexicanos de un candidato monárquico acorde con sus intereses. La llegada de Maximiliano de Habsburgo y de su esposa Carlota a México con el apoyo del ejército francés pero esto no supondrá el fin del conflicto mexicano entre los conservadores monárquicos y los liberales republicanos.___________________In this article I analyze the most important festivity in Mexico, in the period of Archduke Maximilian of Habsburgo second Mexican Empire. The arrival of Maximilian of Habsburgo and his wife Carlota to Mexico with the support of the French army not mean the end of conflict between the Mexican monarchist’s conservatives and liberal Republicans.
Sterol transfer by atypical cholesterol-binding NPC2 proteins in coral-algal symbiosis
Authors: Hambleton Elizabeth Ann , Jones Victor Arnold Shivas , Maegele Ira , Kvaskoff David , Sachsenheimer Timo , Guse Annika
Published: June 2019

Reef-building corals depend on intracellular dinoflagellate symbionts that provide nutrients. Besides sugars, the transfer of sterols is essential for corals and other sterol-auxotrophic cnidarians. Sterols are important cell components, and variants of the conserved Niemann-Pick Type C2 (NPC2) sterol transporter are vastly up-regulated in symbiotic cnidarians. Types and proportions of transferred sterols and the mechanism of their transfer, however, remain unknown. Using different pairings of symbiont strains with lines of Aiptasia anemones or Acropora corals, we observe both symbiont- and host-driven patterns of sterol transfer, revealing plasticity of sterol use and functional substitution. We propose that sterol transfer is mediated by the symbiosis-specific, non-canonical NPC2 proteins, which gradually accumulate in the symbiosome. Our data suggest that non-canonical NPCs are adapted to the symbiosome environment, including low pH, and play an important role in allowing corals to dominate nutrient-poor shallow tropical seas worldwide.
Dissociating orexin-dependent and -independent functions of orexin neurons using novel Orexin-Flp knock-in mice
Authors: Chowdhury Srikanta , Hung Chi Jung , Izawa Shuntaro , Inutsuka Ayumu , Kawamura Meiko , Kawashima Takashi , Bito Haruhiko , Imayoshi Itaru , Abe Manabu , Sakimura Kenji , Yamanaka Akihiro
Published: June 2019

Uninterrupted arousal is important for survival during threatening situations. Activation of orexin/hypocretin neurons is implicated in sustained arousal. However, orexin neurons produce and release orexin as well as several co-transmitters including dynorphin and glutamate. To disambiguate orexin-dependent and -independent physiological functions of orexin neurons, we generated a novel Orexin-flippase (Flp) knock-in mouse line. Crossing with Flp-reporter or Cre-expressing mice showed gene expression exclusively in orexin neurons. Histological studies confirmed that orexin was knock-out in homozygous mice. Orexin neurons without orexin showed altered electrophysiological properties, as well as received decreased glutamatergic inputs. Selective chemogenetic activation revealed that both orexin and co-transmitters functioned to increase wakefulness, however, orexin was indispensable to promote sustained arousal. Surprisingly, such activation increased the total time spent in cataplexy. Taken together, orexin is essential to maintain basic membrane properties and input-output computation of orexin neurons, as well as to exert awake-sustaining aptitude of orexin neurons.
GABA neurons in the ventral tegmental area regulate non-rapid eye movement sleep in mice
Authors: Chowdhury Srikanta , Matsubara Takanori , Miyazaki Toh , Ono Daisuke , Fukatsu Noriaki , Abe Manabu , Sakimura Kenji , Sudo Yuki , Yamanaka Akihiro
Published: June 2019

Sleep/wakefulness cycle is regulated by coordinated interactions between sleep- and wakefulness-regulating neural circuitry. However, the detailed mechanism is far from understood. Here, we found that glutamic acid decarboxylase 67-positive GABAergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTAGad67+) are a key regulator of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in mice. VTAGad67+ project to multiple brain areas implicated in sleep/wakefulness regulation such as the lateral hypothalamus (LH). Chemogenetic activation of VTAGad67+ promoted NREM sleep with higher delta power whereas optogenetic inhibition of these induced prompt arousal from NREM sleep, even under highly somnolescent conditions, but not from REM sleep. VTAGad67+ showed the highest activity in NREM sleep and the lowest activity in REM sleep. Moreover, VTAGad67+ directly innervated and inhibited wake-promoting orexin/hypocretin neurons by releasing GABA. As such, optogenetic activation of VTAGad67+ terminals in the LH promoted NREM sleep. Taken together, we revealed that VTAGad67+ play an important role in the regulation of NREM sleep.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 50 years of coral disease research visualized through the scope of network theory
Authors: Montilla Luis M. , Ascanio Alfredo , Verde Alejandra , Croquer Aldo
Published: June 2019

Coral disease research encompasses five decades of undeniable progress. Since the first descriptions of anomalous signs, we have come to understand multiple processes and environmental drivers that interact with coral pathologies. In order to gain a better insight into the knowledge we already have, we explored how key topics in coral disease research have been related to each other using network analysis. We reviewed 719 papers and conference proceedings published from 1965 to 2017. From each study, four elements determined our network nodes: (1) studied disease(s); (2) host genus; (3) marine ecoregion(s) associated with the study site; and (4) research objectives. Basic properties of this network confirmed that there is a set of specific topics comprising the majority of research. The top five diseases, genera, and ecoregions studied accounted for over 48% of the research effort in all cases. The community structure analysis identified 15 clusters of topics with different degrees of overlap among them. These clusters represent the typical sets of elements that appear together for a given study. Our results show that while some coral diseases have been studied considering multiple aspects, the overall trend is for most diseases to be understood under a limited range of approaches, e.g., bacterial assemblages have been considerably studied in Yellow and Black band diseases while immune response has been better examined for the aspergillosis-Gorgoniasystem. Thus, our challenge in the near future is to identify and resolve potential gaps in order to achieve a more comprehensive progress on coral disease research.
Effects of prolonged continuous computer gaming on physical and ocular symptoms and binocular vision functions in young healthy individuals
Authors: Lee Ji-Woo , Cho Hyun Gug , Moon Byeong-Yeon , Kim Sang-Yeob , Yu Dong-Sik
Published: June 2019

Background and Objective

Addiction to computer gaming has become a social problem in Korea and elsewhere, and it has been enlisted as a mental health disorder by the World Health Organization. Most studies related to computer use and vision have individually assessed physical and ocular symptoms and binocular vision. Accordingly, the present study comprehensively assessed subjective physical and ocular symptoms and functions related to binocular vision after prolonged continuous computer gaming. This study aimed to investigate the effects of prolonged continuous computer gaming on physical and ocular health and visual functions in young healthy individuals.

Methods

Fifty healthy college students (35 male/15 female), aged 19–35 years old, were enrolled in this study. The inclusion criteria were no binocular vision problems and no reported history of ocular disease. Participants played continuously for 4 h from 6:00 to 10:00 p.m. Physical and ocular symptoms and visual functions such as convergence, accommodation, phoria, and the blink rate were assessed before and after continuous computer gaming for 4 h.

Results

Continuous computer gaming for 4 h resulted in convergence and accommodation disturbances and increased physical and ocular discomfort. Near phoria showed an exophoric shift, whereas distance phoria showed no change. Moreover, the accommodative and vergence facilities and blink rate were significantly decreased. All visual functions recovered to the baseline levels by the following morning.

Discussion

Our findings suggest that excessive and continuous computer gaming impairs visual functions and causes ocular and physical fatigue. Our findings further the understanding of the adverse effects of excessive computer use on physical and ocular health, and adequate breaks are necessary to reduce physical and visual discomfort during computer gaming.