bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Activation of Smad2 but not Smad3 is required to mediate TGF-β signaling during axolotl limb regeneration
Authors: Denis Jean-François , Sader Fadi , Gatien Samuel , Villiard Éric , Philip Anie , Roy Stéphane
Published: August 2016

Axolotls are unique among vertebrates in their ability to regenerate tissues, such as limbs, tail and skin. The axolotl limb is the most studied regenerating structure. The process is well characterized morphologically; however, it is not well understood at the molecular level. We demonstrate that TGF-β1 is highly upregulated during regeneration and that TGF-β signaling is necessary for the regenerative process. We show that the basement membrane is not prematurely formed in animals treated with the TGF-β antagonist SB-431542. More importantly, Smad2 and Smad3 are differentially regulated post-translationally during the preparation phase of limb regeneration. Using specific antagonists for Smad2 and Smad3 we demonstrate that Smad2 is responsible for the action of TGF-β during regeneration, whereas Smad3 is not required. Smad2 target genes (Mmp2 and Mmp9) are inhibited in SB-431542-treated limbs, whereas non-canonical TGF-β targets (e.g. Mmp13) are unaffected. This is the first study to show that Smad2 and Smad3 are differentially regulated during regeneration and places Smad2 at the heart of TGF-β signaling supporting the regenerative process.
Recent advances in understanding multiple myeloma
Authors: Dhakal Binod , Girnius Saulius , Hari Parameswaran
Published: August 2016

There have been major recent advancements in the understanding and management of multiple myeloma. Diagnostic criteria have been revised and former ultra-high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma is now considered multiple myeloma in need of treatment. Understanding clonal progression, evolution, and tides not only has helped elucidate the disease behavior but might help expand therapeutic choices in order to select appropriate treatment for patients. Unprecedented response rates with modern triplet induction therapies containing proteasome inhibitor and immunomodulators have made this approach standard for initial treatment. The US Food and Drug Administration approved four new drugs (two targeted antibodies and two oral agents) in 2015 in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma and these drugs along with the other already-available drugs have now increased the choices of regimens. Even drugs without single-agent activity, such as panobinostat and elotuzumab, have an important role, especially in the proteasome inhibitor refractory setting. Recent studies done in the context of novel agent induction suggest that high-dose therapy followed by autologous transplant continues to improve response rates and progression-free survival, thus underscoring their role in transplant-eligible patients. Evolving paradigms in the treatment of multiple myeloma include newer promising immune approaches, such as adoptive cellular therapies, vaccines, or antibody-based immune manipulations. Though multiple myeloma is still considered incurable, it is clear that with the improved understanding of disease biology and clonal architecture of relapse combined with the availability of multi-targeted approaches, we are ever closer to a lasting cure or transformation into indolent and long-lasting disease courses or both.
THE PRODUCTIVITY OF PEAS BY GROWTH STIMULATORS FERTIGRAIN APPLICATION
Authors: Вершинина  , Vershinina Oksana , Васин  , Vasin Vasiliy
Published: August 2016

The purpose of research is the development of peas productivity increasing ways in the conditions of Middle Volga forest steppe. Results of researches during 2013-2015 with an assessment of photosynthetic activity indexes, structure of harvest, productivity and fodder advantages of peas by different methods of crops preseeding processing and are given by biogrowth factors Noktin and Fertigrain. The largest square of leaves 45.0-47.4 thousand sq.m/ha is formed in a phase of blossoming peas on options at an inoculation of seeds by Rizotorfin and Rizotorfin + Fertigrain Start with after-treatment of crops with biostimulator Fertigrain Foliar in a phase of 4-6 leaves. Photosynthetic potential of crops for vegetation was made without processing of seeds and crops on vegetation of 1.275 million sq.m/ha in a days, when processing seeds preparations Fertigrain Start it raises to 1.305 million sq.m/ha in a days. Net productivity of a photosynthesis reaches maximum in options with processing of seeds Noktin + Fertigrain Start and Rizotorfin + Fertigrain Start and processing of crops on vegetation with an index 4.00-4.09 g/m2 days. The conducted researches showed that all options of processings of seeds and crops increase the efficiency of peas. The greatest productivity of peas 2.04 t/ha and 2.12 t/ha is reached on the crops processed with preparation Fertigrain Foliar in budding phase against processing of seeds preparations Rizotorfin + Fertigrain Start and Noktin + Fertigrain Start. These options differ also in the best fodder advantages with collecting nonvolatile solid 1.82-1.90 t/ha, the feed protein units 2.32-2.41 thousand/ha and an exit of an exchange energy 23.35 - 24.27 GDzh/ha. Results of the conducted researches Noktin and Fertigrain allow todraw the conclusion for application effectiveness of preseeding inoculation of seeds and processing of crops vegetation by preparations.
PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY AND YIELD OF BARLEY WITH THE APPLICATION OF FERTILIZERS AND GROWTH STIMULANTS
Authors: Васин  , Vasin Aleksey , Карлов  , Karlov Evgeniy , Васин  , Vasin Vasiliy
Published: August 2016

Research objective is increasing the yield of barley varieties in the conditions of forest-steppe of the Middle Volga Region. Are the results of studies for 2014-2015 with the assessment of yield structure indicators, the dynamics of accumulation of dry matter, photosynthetic capacity and leaf area in different varieties of barley compared to pea for different backgrounds of mineral nutrition and processing of crops in different growth stimulants Avibit, Aminokat, Megamix N10 in the conditions of Middle Volga Region forest-steppe. In three-factor experience included two backgrounds of mineral fertilizers: no fertilizers, N45P45K45 (factor A), five barley varieties: Helios, Sonnet, Golden eagle, Hawk, and Bezenchukskaja 2 peas Flagship 12 (factor B), treatment of crops during vegetation is at tillering drugs: Avibit, Aminokat, Megamix N10 (factor C). The research identified that in all options the treatment of crops and application of fertilizers increase the performance of the photosynthetic activity and cause the greatest increase of all crops options for processing. Maximum yield over the study years provide barley varieties of Helios with the treatment of crops during vegetation drug Megamix N10 as fertilizer and N45P45K45 will be 2.43-2.90 t/ha.
FLAXSIBILITY OF POTATO VARIETIES IN THE URALS STEPPE ZONE
Authors: Аминова  , Aminova Evgeniya , Мушинский  , Mushinskiy Aleksandr , Герасимова  , Gerasimova Elena
Published: August 2016

The purpose of research is to identify potato varieties with high ecological flexibility and stability in the conditions of steppe zone of the Urals. The experience was laid by one-factor circuit in 3-fold repetition. The studies were conducted for middle and middle-early varieties of potatoes domestic and foreign selection. We define the parameters of their ecological plasticity and stability analysis using two-factor model (conditions and years). In 3-year data were allocated potato varieties – Artemis (58.9 t/ha), Aerrow (51.6 t/ha), Riviera (51.1 t/ha), Romano (55.2 t/ha). The regression coefficient ranged from 0.54 to 2.59, the stability coefficients vary from 0.20 to 49.04. It was found that the regression coefficient is significantly greater than one, indicating that the progressive increase in yield under the influence of improved growing conditions in such varieties as: Rainbow (Ri 2.19), Sail (Ri 2.59), Memory Kovalenko (Ri 2.41) Tarasov (Ri 2.05), Karatop (Ri 2.19) – varieties of intensive type. Revealed grade plastic – Nevsky, Spiridon, Romano, Aerrow, Scarlett Red, Riviera, Curator (Ri=0.70-1.08).
INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZERS CONSEQUENCES AND MELIORANTSON WINTER WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS OF ASKERAN REGION
Authors: Ерицян  , Eritsyan Sergey , Фарсиян  , Farsiyan Narine
Published: August 2016

The purpose of research is to identify the influence of the fertilizers aftereffect and ameliorator for yield formation and quality of winter wheat grain Bezostaya 1after predecessor (potatoes) in the unirrigated soils of the Askeran region of NKR in 2011-2014. It should be noted that the winter wheat in the region is an advanced crop, but due to lack of irrigation water and the lack of rainfall is often collected by low yields. Research has established that the aftereffect of fertilizers and meliorants noticeable effect for growth, grain quality and yield formation, the amount of which depends from the application of the system of fertilizer. It is proved that more weak effect preserved when under a precursor have been made only mineral fertilizers (N90P90K90), where as potassium fertilizer was used potash (N90P90K90 option), and when on the same background was used gypsum or bentonite. If in the system N90P90K90 fertilizer (KCl) instead of KCl was used treated dacitic tuff (OTD) or on the same MM backdrop bio-fertilizer, as well as an option manure 30 t/ha + N90P90K90 (KCl), the consequence was significant. In these embodiments, the yield increase compared to control 1 (no fertilizer) was 30.2-57.2%, as compared to the control 2 (N90P90K90 option (KCl) – 10.8-30.6%. In these embodiments, the content of NPK was high in the grain: 1.90-2.15% N; 0.93-0.97% P2O5 and 0.77-0.85% K2O, whereas in the control 1 1.78% nitrogen, phosphorus – 0.69%, 0.53% potassium, and in control 2, accordingly – 1.80%, 0.81%, 0.65%.
SORBENTS AND PROBIOTICS IN FEEDING OF WEANLING PIGLETS
Authors: Псхациева  , Pskhatsieva Zemfira
Published: August 2016

The purpose of research is increase in economically useful qualities of piglets weaned with co-feeding of the sorbent Kovelos-Sorb and probiotic Sporotermin. Weanling piglets produced in 2 months of age. Duration of the experiment was 60 days, on reaching the age of 120 days. The first control group received a basic diet, the second experimental group – the basic diet and probiotic Sporotermin in the amount of 0.1% by weight of the feed, the third experimental group – the basic diet and sorbent Kovelos-Sorb in the amount of 0.1% by weight of the feed, the fourth test group – the basic diet, Sporotermin 0.1 by weight of the feed and Kovelos-Sorb 0.1% by weight of the feed. The studies found that the body weight of piglets at the age of 120 days in the second, third and fourth groups were higher by 4.1; 6.6 and 10.9%, respectively, relative to the first live weight of pigs group. It has also been found to increase average daily gain of 7.1; 11.7 and 19.4%, respectively, relative growth of the first group of piglets. Feed costs decreased by 3.7-16.3% in the experimental group, fed by the sorbent and the probiotic and probiotic sorbent together. With increasing body weight, the increase and feed decrease, there was an increase of beef entering the 0.4-1.6% relative to slaughter pigs release of the first group. Based on these data, we recommend the combined using of probiotic Sporoderm and sorbent Cavelos-Sorb, respectively, in the amount of 0.1% by weight of the feed for piglets-weaned at 2 months of age.
HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS PUREBRED AND CROSSBRED CALVES
Authors: Исхаков  , Iskhakov Rishat
Published: August 2016

The purpose of research is scientifically and practically prove the possibility of increasing the level of meat productivity purebred for young calves at the crossing of Black-motley cows with bulls of the breed Obrac. Research objects are the bulls of Black-motley breed and their hybrids I generation with Obrac breed. For the experience 4 groups of animals were formed: I and III – Black and white breed, II and IV – gobies Оbrac crossbreeds ½ x ½ black-and-white. Bulls of groups III and IV in the 2 months of age were castrated by open way. All experimental animals identical conditions of detention and feed have been established. To monitor the physiological state of an organism of young animals in the winter and in the blood of the summer, blood was taken from the jugular vein before feeding and watering, measured hemoglobin, alkaline reserve, the number of white blood cells, red blood cells, serum – total protein, protein fractions, calcium, phosphorus, , the activity of AST and ALT. Deviations from the physiological norm morphological parameters of blood in the experimental groups of calves during the experiment was not set. Total protein content in serum was higher in summer compared to winter. Increasing the total protein content have purebred calves was 4.1 g/l (5.3%), crossbred steers 3.3 g/l (4.2%), respectively castrates at 4.2 g/l (5.6%) and 4.9 g/l (6.5%). There is a trend increase of enzyme activity in the summer, due to a more active course of metabolism in the body during this season of the year. Purebred and crossbred young are characterized by high adaptive plasticity, as evidenced by morphological and biochemical indices of blood. All quantitative and qualitative changes in the blood were largely seasonal in nature and due to the influence of environmental conditions. Thus all interior change indicators do not go beyond the limits of the physiological norm.
Insider Trading: A Moral Problem
Authors: Strudler Alan
Published: August 2016

It turns out to be more difficult than one might think to identify the central moral wrong at the heart of this much publicized and vilified crime.
Is There a Moral Obligation to Limit Family Size?
Authors: Wisor Scott
Published: August 2016

Although we have an important obligation to protect the environment, people are not morally required to choose to have smaller families for environmental reasons.
Vascular ring presenting as dysphagia in an adult woman: a case report
Authors: Powell BL
Published: August 2016

A 48-year-old woman was seen in a surgical outpatient clinic with a 2 year history of progressive dysphagia with occasional regurgitation, partially controlled with a proton pump inhibitor. Primary investigations of pH testing and gastroscopy were normal, although a barium swallow study revealed significant hold-up at the aortic arch impression and a posterior right-sided oesophageal impression suggestive of a right-sided aortic arch. A follow-up computed tomography angiogram discovered a vascular ring encircling the trachea and oesophagus, formed by a right-sided aortic arch with aberrant aortic branches, and a Kommerell’s diverticulum. It was deemed that the patient’s symptoms were related to this vascular ring. The patient underwent stage-one surgery – an extra-anatomic bypass of the double aortic arch and right subclavian artery – and 4 months later a stent graft insertion over the origin of the diverticulum with the aim of complete symptomatic relief. This case presents a common symptom familiar to any clinician (dysphagia), which has been caused by a rare pathology. It is even more unusual that this should present itself in adulthood.
Endoscopic pilonidal abscess treatment: a novel approach for the treatment of pilonidal abscess
Authors: Jain Y , Javed MA , Singh S , Rout S , Joshi H , Rajaganeshan R
Published: August 2016

INTRODUCTION

Pilonidal abscess is a common surgical emergency. Conventional treatment with incision and drainage is associated with significant postoperative morbidity. We report our initial experience of using minimally invasive endoscopic technique for the treatment of pilonidal abscesses, referred to as endoscopic pilonidal abscess treatment (EPAT).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A prospective database of all patients undergoing EPAT between January 2015 and March 2016 at Whiston Hospital was maintained. Data regarding patient demographics, peroperative variables and postoperative follow-up were recorded.

RESULTS

Nineteen patients were included, male to female ratio was 53 : 47 and median age of the cohort was 24 years (interquartile range 22–25 years). EPAT was the primary procedure for 10 patients and 9 had EPAT for recurrent pilonidal abscesses. There were no readmissions and none needed further surgery within 6 weeks of having the procedure. In all patients, complete wound healing was achieved within 6 weeks; all reported minimal postoperative pain (median postoperative visual analogue scale score 1) and immediate return to the activities of daily life. Four of the nineteen patients (21%) required definitive intervention for pilonidal disease in the follow-up period.

CONCLUSIONS

EPAT is a novel, minimally invasive technique for the treatment of acute pilonidal abscesses. It is safe, associated with reduced postoperative morbidity, recurrence rate and quick wound healing. Initial encouraging results require further investigations on a larger group of patients in a multicentre setting.
Patterns, timing and consequences of post-thyroidectomy haemorrhage
Authors: Farooq MS , Nouraei R , Kaddour H , Saharay M
Published: August 2016

INTRODUCTION

Post-thyroidectomy bleeding is a low frequency but potentially life threatening event that is very difficult to predict. Given the increasing drive towards thyroidectomy with same day discharge, this study was conducted with the aim of identifying patterns, timing and consequences of post-thyroidectomy bleeding to assess the feasibility of day-case thyroidectomy.

METHODS

All patients who underwent a thyroidectomy between 2008 and 2015 at our institution were identified. Patterns, timing and consequences in all those who developed post-thyroidectomy bleeding were studied.

RESULTS

Of the 805 patients included in the study, 14 required re-exploration for bleeding; 7 (50%) of these within 8 hours of surgery, 6 (43%) between 18 and 30 hours, and 1 (7%) at 49 hours. Just under half (43%) of those with post-thyroidectomy bleeding had thyrotoxicosis.

CONCLUSIONS

A significant number of postoperative haemorrhages occurred beyond the immediate postoperative period. Same day discharge after thyroidectomy cannot therefore be recommended as a routine practice.
Perfoation of the gallbladder: ‘bait’ for the unsuspecting laparoscopic surgeon
Authors: Mughal Z , Green J , Whatling PJ , Patel R , Holme TC
Published: August 2016

INTRODUCTION

Cholecystectomy is one of the most common elective procedures carried out by general surgeons. Most patients present with typical biliary anatomy and simple gallstone disease. Intraoperative and postoperative courses are frequently predictable and uncomplicated. Nevertheless, a small but significant number of patients experience complicated disease with rare presentations and complex biliary anatomy. Unfortunately, consensus on appropriate care for such patients is lacking.

CASE HISTORY

We describe three patients who presented with complex manifestations of gallbladder perforation: acute perforation of the gallbladder; a spontaneous cholecystocutaneous fistula; a cholecystoduodenal fistula. The initial presentation, preoperative investigations, and selected surgical strategy for each case are described.

CONCLUSIONS

The case studies described here illustrate the need for a low index of suspicion for gallbladder perforation. Caution should be exercised in preoperative and intraoperative phases in this patient population.
Gender and Settler Colonialism in Palestinian Agriculture: Structural Transformations
Authors: Nida Abu Awwad
Published: August 2016

The gendered nature of the agricultural sector is significantly influenced by the political and socio-economic and cultural structure of any society. The division of labor between males and females within the family farm is seriously affected as a response to economic pressures along with the impact of other restrictions imposed by predetermined gender roles. In the Palestinian context, economic pressures were created mainly by the structural transformation in Palestinian agriculture following the Zionist settler colonization of Palestine, along with other minor factors related to the Palestinian neoliberal economic policies dictated by the international financial institution and Zionist interests. This article argues that the gendered nature of the Palestinian agriculture sector has been transformed and has promoted women's exploitation as follows: First, restructure of the agricultural employment by the decline of both women's and men's employment of the total Palestinian labor force within serious exploitive and fluctuating conditions; second, changes in tasks and division of labor, women's property rights for agricultural land resources and services provided by the Palestinian Authority; and finally increasing women's burden by increasing their time allocation for agricultural tasks. The data presented in the article are based on a comprehensive analysis of secondary information on Palestinian agriculture, and primary data collected in 2010 with the help of a few households case studies (life history) from two locations in the central region of the West Bank.
Re-Writing History on Screen: Annemarie Jacir's Salt of This Sea
Authors: Kenza Oumlil
Published: August 2016

This article examines how the award winning film Salt of This Sea (2008) responds to dominant gendered representations of Arab and Palestinian identity. The choice of this film is based on its significance as a contemporary cinematic text that aims to present alternative portrayals to those prevalent in the media. Furthermore, Annemarie Jacir is the first Palestinian female filmmaker to make a full-length feature film. The film puts a courageous female character (Soraya—played by Suheir Hammad) at the center of its narrative. It refreshingly departs from inflicting a male gaze on the lead female actor. Salt of This Sea responds to the dominant construction of Arab and Muslim women as passive with the portrayal of a determined heroine. In regard to portrayals of masculinity, the film attempts to challenge the core stereotype of Palestinian men as violent. Overall, the film is part of a movement to re-write a collective history, but it depicts dimensions of Palestinian history that are seldom shown in the mainstream media.
Giving Voice at a Price: Imagining The Arab World in the Work of Elizabeth Laird
Authors: Muhammad Masud
Published: August 2016

This article examines two of Elizabeth Laird's young adult novels that are set in the Arab world: A Little Piece of Ground and Oranges in No Man's Land. It shows that despite occasionally relying on some of the stereotypical themes and subjects in books about the Arab world, Laird's novels manage to interrogate relevant and pressing issues about the region, including the question of Palestine. The article further surveys a number of children's and young adult books about the Arab world that are written by western authors. It explores how these texts rely on stereotypical constructions that cast the region as a place of ultimate violence, poverty, religious oppression, and patriarchal tyranny. The article concludes with highlighting the urgency to disrupt these generalizations, diversify thematic foci, and present readers with heterogeneous Arab characters and settings.
‘Golden Deportees’ and ‘Reluctant Pioneers’: The redefinition of home in Mavis Gallant’s ‘Varieties of Exile’
Authors: Smyth Kate
Published: August 2016

This article argues that Canadian author Mavis Gallant’s short story ‘Varieties of Exile’ highlights the links between identity, perceptions of place and memory, suggesting that the notion of ‘home’ and experiences of displacement and exile for transnational or migratory individuals can be reinterpreted as a positive when placed in opposition to limited and static constructions of national identity. Gallant’s focus on marginal migratory figures allows for an interrogation of what it means to be ‘Canadian’ and ‘at home’, an interrogation that is not limited to Canadian identity and place but that Gallant leaves open for transnational, cross-cultural, global interpretations. Incorporating both modern and postmodern elements, ‘Varieties of Exile’ suggests that there is no ‘true’ self, that identity is mutable. This is linked with migration and with the things individuals choose to remember and forget in order for identities to be continually reconstructed in response to life events.
Transnational heterotopia and death-driven narcissism in A.L. Kennedy’s ‘Made Over, Made Out’
Authors: Mieszkowski Sylvia
Published: August 2016

A.L. Kennedy’s short story ‘Made Over, Made Out’ (1998) exposes how and why a highly exclusive type of transnational perspective fails to translate into a capacity for dialogue with the (gendered) ‘other’. Structured by ‘homosocial desire’ (Sedgwick), the space shuttle, in which the story is set, functions simultaneously as a ‘heterotopia of crisis’ (Foucault) and as one of those ‘transient non-spaces’ typical of supermodernity (Augé). Although the main characters agree that their astronauts’ point of view fosters an ability to understand the planet as a whole, which undermines NASA’s vested national interests, the protagonist’s inability for dialogue with those who do not and cannot form part of his highly exclusive community is foregrounded. ‘Made Over, Made Out’ allegorizes a transnational utopia’s collapse brought about by individual psychic forces. Instead of gleaning some strategies for communication from his global insights, which might produce agency, the dichotomously minded hero’s death drive propels a psychic regression from narcissism to autoeroticism (Freud), while the eroticized objects (the planet/the wife) are locked into the position of the ‘other’ as spectacle.
Transnational perspectives in Simon J. Ortiz’s short fiction
Authors: Achilles Jochen
Published: August 2016

Contemporary American short stories from Simon J. Ortiz’s Men of the Moon (1999) can be considered a testing ground for conceptualizations of (trans)-national identities from Randolph Bourne’s ‘Transnational America’ (1916) to David Hollinger’s Postethnic America (1995). In these stories the aesthetic concretization of contingent experiences by Native Americans both confirms and critiques the theoretical concepts of postcolonial studies and transnational American Studies. Both Ortiz’s ‘The Way You See Horses’ and ‘Crossing’ unfold the relativity and observer-dependence of individual perception as well as the epistemological awareness and cultural dialectics of Julia Kristeva’s Strangers to Themselves (1991). Actual intercultural and transnational encounters in Ortiz’s stories often spell disaster much more radically than promise. Only three of the stories in Ortiz’s collection, ‘Pennstuwehniyaahtse: Quuti’s Story’, ‘Hiding West of Here’ and ‘To Change Life in a Good Way’, suggest interethnic solidarity. These stories help develop a humanism which expresses itself in the dissociation of foreignness and familiarity in postcolonial and transnational contexts. Ortiz’s short fiction thus functions as a liminal third space which exposes both the fragmentation and potential of time-honoured Native American spiritual convictions. That such spiritualism has partially sunk into oblivion does not spell irrelevance and obsolescence. Paradoxically it turns into the precondition of mutual rapprochements of cultural difference and both intercultural and transnational acceptance. What renders Ortiz’s reassertion of Native American spiritualism humanist is the caution and tolerant awareness of the other that accompanies it.
Translating imaginary territories in fantasy short fiction
Authors: Perrier Marie
Published: August 2016

Translating a text set in an imaginary world poses specific problems to the translator, since the original often indirectly builds on cultural bearings to create a setting both related to reality and endowed with its own peculiarities and exotic features. The translator will need to find the same balance between familiarity and strangeness so as to allow its reader to enter the imaginary world. This article will focus on a precursor of the genre of fantasy, the Irish writer Lord Dunsany. Instead of a tapestry whose threads become invisible, his imaginary world is built like a tessellated literary body. Coherence and identity are not to be found in a wealth of details and lengthy descriptions, but in powerful, striking nodes of meaning. A few examples from the various translations of his early tales into French will help us show the challenge faced by the translator who has to identify these nodes and translate them, finding a new balance in fragmentation which still allows the reader to grasp the ethereal unity of Dunsany’s imaginary territories.
L’Algérie: La postindépendance, l’effervescence cosmopolite et la littérature
Authors: Chikhi Beïda
Published: August 2016

In Algeria, the immediate post-independence period in the 1960s and its subsequent impact right through to the end of the 1980s represented a watershed. It was characterized by a cosmopolitan ambiance and a widespread preoccupation with epistemology: concerning the difficulties of moving from the old to the new, linguistic transitions, negotiations around pedagogic questions and, above all else, the questioning of identity. Post-independent Algeria is striving to become visible as a symbolic territory, a nation and a nation state. Algerian literature has made a contribution to critical historical work by throwing light on problematic concepts such as colonization, revolution and independence. These concepts have been used by writers in their European sense, but, at the same time, they have been given new forms based on the experience lived from the inside by Algerians. The need for Algerianization was taken on board as both genealogical and pedagogical process. Tensions were exacerbated by the strong rivalry between a French version of universality inherited from the Enlightenment and the Islamic notion of universality, which sprang from a civilization that had reached its highest point in the medieval period but which intends to reconquer its world.
Community at the extremes: The death metal underground as being-in-common
Authors: Snaza Nathan , Netherton Jason
Published: August 2016

This article asks what the early death metal underground teaches us about the relations between community and aesthetics. After tracing the emergence of death metal as a genre, the article examines the accounts of musicians, artists and recording engineers collected in Jason Netherton’s Extremity Retained (2014). Drawing on contemporary theories of non-human agency, research in animal studies, and Continental philosophies of community, the article focuses on ‘brutality’ as a crucial marker of death metal’s political significance, arguing that this involved experiments with new ways of embodiment that outstrip humanist presuppositions about what a body can do. Then, the article examines how international tape trading networks allowed for the emergence of forms of ‘being-in-common’ that cannot be understood in merely human terms. Finally, the article argues that the death metal underground’s particular importance lies in its linking of more-than-human practices of community with a focus on death and negativity.
Breastfeeding and decreased risk for childhood obesity
Authors: Sulanto Aspri , Wandita Setya , Julia Madarina
Published: August 2016

Background Breast milk promotes infant growth and appropriateweight gain, minimizing the risk for malnutrition, and possiblyfor obesity.Objective To determine the influence of infant breastfeedingpractices on the risk for obesity in children aged 6 to 8 years.Methods We conducted a case-control study comparingbreastfeeding practices between obese and non-obese children.Subjects were selected from two elementary schools in Yogyakarta.Case subjects had body mass index (BMI)-for-age <::: + 2 SD(WHO 2007 growth reference curve). Control subjects had BMIfor-age SD between-2and+1 SD, and were matched for age andgender to the case subjects. Subjects' mothers filled questionnaireson their breastfeeding practices.Results We recruited 68 pairs of obese and non-obese subjects,4 7 (69%) pairs of boys and 21 (31 %) pairs of girls. The meanduration of breastfeeding in the obese group was shorter thanthat of the non-obese group, 12.9 months (SD 9.78) vs. 16.1months (8.39), respectively, a mean difference of 3.24 months(95% CI 0.14 to 6.32). Partially breastfed and formula-fed childrenhad significantly higher odds for obesity compared to that ofexclusively breastfed children, OR4.70 (95% CI 3.96 to 5.43) forpartial breastfeeding and 6.20 (95% CI 4.67 to 7.73) for formulafeeding. The risk for obesity also declined with longer durationsof breastfeeding.Conclusion Exclusive infant breastfeeding and longer durationof breastfeeding lowered the risk for childhood obesity in childrenaged 6-8 years. [Paediatr lndones. 2012;52: 1-5].
Artesunate-amodiaquine treatment for children with uncomplicated malaria in Kalimantan and Sulawesi: clinical complaints, tolerability and compliance
Authors: Gitawati Retno , Isnawati Ani , Tjitra Emiliana , Raini Mariana , Sampurno Ondri Dwi , Rooslamiati Indri
Published: August 2016

Background Artesunate-amodiaquine combination (AS+ AQ)is one type of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) andhas been used in Indonesia since 2004 for uncomplicated malaria,both in adults and children. However, its use in the IndonesiaMalaria Program has not yet been evaluated.Objective To evaluate the clinical complaints and tolerabilityto AS+AQ treatment, as well as compliance in children withuncomplicated malaria.Methods This was a cross-sectional study, conducted in sentinelpuskesmas (primary health centers) in Kalimantan and Sulawesi.Subjects were 126 children aged under 15 years, with P. falciparum,P. vivax, or mixed falciparum-vivax malaria infections. All subjectswere treated with a single dose of AS+AQ for three consecutivedays and followed-up 3 times (D3, D7 and D28) to record clinicalcomplaints and tolerability after drug administration. Parents/guardians underwent in-depth interviews on the knowledge,attitudes and practices of the ACT used as well as clinicalcomplaints following AS+ AQ treatment.Results Of the 126 subjects evaluated, 30 were infected with P.falciparum, 5 9 with P. vivax, and 3 7 with both species. About 84% ofthe subjects reported clinical complaints after AS+ AQ administration(DO-DZ), most commonly lethargy, nausea and vomiting, similar tothe clinical symptoms of malaria. All complaints were reported to bemild and tolerable. Only one subject was lost to follow-up.Conclusion Clinical complaints experienced by malaria-infectedchildren following AS+AQ treatment were relatively tolerable.Subjects' compliance to AS+ AQ treatment was satisfactory.[Paediatr lndones. 2012;52:10-5).
Calcium and vitamin D supplementation in children with frequently relapsing and steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Septarini Ayi Dilla , Tambunan Taralan , Amalia Pustika
Published: August 2016

Background Children with frequently relapsing and steroiddependentnephrotic syndrome (FRNS/SDNS) are at riskfor osteoporosis due to impaired metabolism of calcium andvitamin D.Objective To determine the effect of calcium and vitamin Dsupplementation on bone mineral density, serum ionized calciumlevels and serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels in children withFRNS and SDNS.Methods A clinical trial with a before and after design wasperformed. Subjects were SDNS or FRNS pediatric patients 2: 5years of age. Subjects received 800 mg elemental calcium and 400IU vitamin D supplementation for 8 weeks. Serum ionized calcium,serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D [25(0H)D], and bone mineral density(BMD) were determined before and after the supplementation.Results Of the 30 subjects, 28 completed the study. However,only 20 subjects underwent BMD determination before and aftersupplementation. Of the 28 subjects, 22 had hypocalcemia and 26had low vitamin D levels. Osteopenia was found in 14/20 subjects andosteoporosis was in 2/20 subjects. After 8 weeks of supplementation,mean serum ionized calcium increased from low [1.15 mmol/L (SDO.oJ)] to normal [1.18 mmol/L (SD 0.04)] (P< 0.001) levels, butmean serum 25(0H)D only increased from vitamin D deficiencycategory [20 ng/mL (SD 7 .7)] to vitamin D insufficiency category[25.5 ng/mL (7.7)] (P=0.010). Mean z-score BMD increased from-1.1 (SD 0.9) to -0.7 (SD 0.2) after supplementation (P<0.001).Conclusion Calcium vitamin D supplementation effectively increasedserum ionized calcium, serum 25 (OH)D, and BMD in subjectswith FRNS and SDNS. [Paediatr lndones. 2012;52:16-21].
Pertussis-like syndrome or pertussis: a delay diagnosis
Authors: Nataprawira Heda Melinda , Cahayasari Finia , Kashmir Arifin
Published: August 2016

Background Recent reports of pertussis epidemiology from Asia,Africa and South America have been limited, but the WorldHealth Organization estimates indicate that these regions havethe highest disease burden. Difficulty in estimating the prevalenceof pertussis is due to lack of access to diagnostic methods,misdiagnoses, under-reporting, and different countries' reportingcriteria. A syndrome characterized by severe episodes of coughingresembling whooping cough (pertussis) has also been defined aspertussis-like syndrome.Objective To report eleven cases of pertussis or pertussis-likesyndrome in the pediatric ward of Hasan Sadikin Hospital.Methods This retrospective study was conducted by reviewingmedical records from 2008-2010. Characteristics of 11 pertussislikesyndrome patients were documented including age, gender,history of pertussis immunization, clinical manifestations,laboratory findings, initial diagnosis, treatment and clinicalresponse. Isolation of Bordetella pertussis using Bordet-Gengouagar was also noted. Pertussis diagnoses were grouped based ontwo classifications: probable and confirmed.Results Eleven patients were diagnosed with pertussis-likesyndrome, including 5 boys and 6 girls. Most subjects were lessthan 6 months of age. Only one subject had received previouspertussis immunization. Dyspnea, paroxysmal cough, and feverwere the most common symptoms. All were initially diagnosedto have had severe bacterial pneumonia, and later changed toprobable pertussis. Three subjects exhibited post-tussive vomitingand cyanosis, while none had apneic symptoms. All B. pertussisisolations yielded negative results. Ampicillin or cephalosporinwas initially administered. Patients receiving subsequentclarithromycin showed good clinical responses.Conclusion All infants were likely considered to have pertussis,as most had no pertussis immunizations. However, B. pertussisisolation was unsuccessful in all cases. As such, diagnoses couldnot be confirmed. [Paediatr In don es. 2012;5 2: 28-31].
Role of Denver II and Development Quotients in the management of several pediatric developmental and behavioral disorders
Authors: Sularyo Titi , Endyarni Bernie , H Tri Lestari , Tamin Tirza Z. , Gitayanti Gitayanti
Published: August 2016

Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficitand hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are nowadays becoming moreand more frequently found. Parents are worried of the possibilitythat their children suffer from them. Growth and developmentclinics (GDC) should be able to deliver professional services. Thusa practica~ applicable, objective, valid, reliable, and able to measuredevelopment quotient (DQ) values instrument is needed.Objective To find out whether the Denver II instrument andDQ values can be used in the management of children with ASDandADHD.Methods A study was carried out on cases of children withASD, multisystem development disorder (MSDD), pervasivedevelopment disorder - n ot otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), andattention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), consistingof history taking, physical examination, establishing diagnosis,therapy, evaluation, and follow-up. The Denver II instrumentwas used and DQ values in all development streams established.The study was done at the GDC of Hermina Depok Hospital inJuly 2008 - June 2009.Results It revealed that results of the Denver II as seen on thefilled Denver II form showed "typical" features related to kind ofdisorder as far as category ofDQ value, dissociation, global delayeddevelopment (GDD) as well as abnormality of the test behaviorwere concerned. It also revealed that establishing the diagnosesby the use of the Denver II and DQ values gave exactly the samediagnoses as when using the conventional way by the expert.Conclusion The Denver II instrument with DQ values can beused in the management of ASD and ADHD cases. [Paediatrlndones. 2012;52:51-6].
Inhaled iloprost as part of combination therapy for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
Authors: Samudro Heru , Djer Mulyadi M.
Published: August 2016

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of thenewborn (PPHN) is rare, but life-threatening.If not treated, PPHN may cause respiratoryfailure and death in neonates. l,2,3 PPHNoften occurs in term or post-term infants with a historyof difficult labor, infection or asphyxia during birth.These infants do not have adequate oxygen duringlabor.3 Based on etiology, PPHN can be categorizedinto primary PPHN, which occurs by itself withoutapparent cause; or secondary PPHN, which is causedby meconium aspiration, hyaline membrane disease,neonatal sepsis with pneumonia, congenital heartabnormality, or maternal drug use (non-steroidalanti-inflammatories, methamphetamine, or selectiveserotonin re uptake inhibitors) during the thirdtrimester of pregnancy.
Reduced serum zinc levels while improving growth of underweight school children in trial of zinc-fortified milk in Indonesia
Authors: Lestari Endang Dewi , Lilisianawati Lilisianawati , Bardosono Saptawati , Lestarina Leilani , Salimo Harsono
Published: August 2016

Background Most children in low-income countries haveinadequate dietary zinc. The study was aimed to demonstrate theeffect of iron-zinc fortified milk in improving zinc status amongunderweight school children in Indonesia.Objective To evaluate the effects of milk fortification with zinc onserum zinc levels in underweight Indonesian school children.Methods A double-blind, randomized, controlled, communitybasedstudy was conducted on 426 underweight children aged 7to 9 years in several low economic income level elementary schoolsin Jakarta and Solo. Subjects were randomly allocated to receiveeither zinc-fortified milk (n= 217) or standard milk (n=209) for6 months. The fortified milk provided an 2.38 mg zinc per dayand the standard milk provided 0.88 mg zinc per day.Results Among underweight children, the prevalence of stuntingwith a height-for-age z-score < - 2.0 SD was 39.7%. Almost allsubjects (98%) had zinc intake ofless than 60% of the Indonesianrecommended daily allowance (RDA) for that particular agegroup. After receiving the milk intervention, mean serum zincconcentration declined significantly in both groups (from 13 .50±3.05 μmol/Lat baseline to 10.59±1.93 μmol/L, P< 0.05), butgrowth parameters (weight and height) improved.Conclusion Reduced mean serum zinc levels were observed inchildren who received standard milk, as well as those who receivedzinc-fortified milk. These reduction in serum zinc levels may be apart of homeostatic control mechanim for improving the negativezinc balance in zinc pools, as a negative effect on linear growthwas not observed. Larger clinical trials of adequate sample sizeneed to be conducted in order to provide better understandingon zinc regulation among underweight school children. [Paediatrlndones. 2012;52:118-24).
Efficacy comparison of cetirizine and loratadine for allergic rhinitis in children
Authors: Juliana Juliana , Evalina Rita , Irsa Lily , Loebis M. Sjabaroeddin
Published: August 2016

Background Allergic rhinitis represents a global health problemaffecting 10% to more than 40% of the population worldwide.Several studies in recent years have described the efficacy ofsecond-generation antihistamines in younger children. It isnot well established whether cetirizine is more effective thanloratadine in reducing symptoms of allergic rhinitis.Objective The objective of this study was to compare the efficacyof loratadine with cetirizine for treatment of allergic rhinitis.Methods We conducted a randomized, double-blind, controlledtrial of 100 children, aged 13 to 16 years, from October toNovember 2009 at two junior high schools in Medan. GroupI received 10 mg of cetirizine and group II received 10 mg ofloratadine, each once daily in the morning for 14 days. Drugefficacy was assessed by changes from baseline symptom scoresand evaluation of therapeutic responses after 3 days, 7 days and14 days of treatment.Results The efficacy of cetirizine compared to that of loratadinewas not statistically significant in diminishing nasal symptomsafter 3 days, 7 days and 14 days of treatment (P=0.40, P=0.07,and P=0.057, respectively). Evaluation of side effects, however,revealed significantly fewer headaches in the cetirizine group after3 days and 7 days of treatment (P=0.01 and P=0.03, respectively)than in the loratidine group. In addition, the loratadine grouphad significantly more instances of palpitations after 7 days oftreatment (P=0.04) compared to the cetirizine group.Conclusion There was no significant difference in cetirizine andloratadine treatment effectiveness on allergic rhinitis. However,loratadine was found to cause more headaches and palpitationsthan cetirizine. [Paediatr lndones. 2012;52:61-6].
Pediatric logistic organ dysfunction score as a predictive tool of dengue shock syndrome outcomes
Authors: Dewi Lola Purnama , Nurfitri Eka
Published: August 2016

Background The pediatric logistic organ dysfunction (PELOD)score is widely used as a predictive tool of patient outcomesin pediatrics intensive care unit (PICU) settings, includingfor dengue shock syndrome (DSS) patients. We evaluated thepredictive value of PELOD scores in DSS patients taken withinthe first hours after PICU admission.Objective To evaluate the usefulness of PELOD scores takenin day 1 of PICU admission for predicting outcomes in DSSpatients.Methods We included 81 DSS subjects admitted to the PICUbetween April 2006 - October 2009 by consecutive sampling.There were 12 children under 12 months of age, 48 children 1- 5years of age, and 21 children above 5 years of age enrolled in thestudy. PELOD calculations were performed as set out by originalarticles, using the published formula.Results0fthe81PICUpatients,15 (18.5%) died. The estimated,predicted mortality using PELOD scores were 43% for infantsunder 12 months, 12% for children 1 - 5 years, and 10% forchildren above 5 years. The actual mortality rates were 58.3%(7 subjects) for infants under 12 months, 10.4% (5 subjects) forchildren 1-5 years, and 14.3% (3 subjects) for children above 5years. In patients who died, PELOD indicated the most commonorgan problems to be hepatic disorders (SGOT/SGPT > 950 IU!L)and haematologic disorders (prothrombin time, INR > 1.65) in 8(53.3%) subjects and 9 (60%) subjects, respectively.Conclusion PELOD scores from subjects taken on day 1 of PICUadmission can be used to predict mortality outcome. [Paediatrlndones. 2012;5 2: 72-7].