bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of High Molecular Weight PPTA on Liquid Crystalline Phase and Spinning Process of Aramid Fibers
Authors: Teng Cuiqing , Li Hui , Liu Jing , Gu Hao , Kong Haijuan , Yu Muhuo
Published: May 2020

High molecular weight poly (p-phenylene-terephthalamide) (h-PPTA) was blended with the commercial PPTA in concentrated sulfuric acid to improve the spinnability of the polymer solutions and the mechanical properties of the as-spun fibers. h-PPTA in the solution has an influence on the temperature of the formation of liquid crystalline phenomenon. The temperature range with the existence of the liquid crystalline phase increases upon the contents of h-PPTA in the solution, and the extended temperature window is helpful for the preparation of PPTA fibers by the dry-jet wet-spinning technology. The long-chains of h-PPTA enhance the inter-macromolecular interactions and induce the orientation of short-chains for PPTA along the fiber axis under the shear stress in the spinneret and the stretching stress at the air gap. These effects also increase the maximum drawing ratio in the spinning process and improve the mechanical properties of the obtained fibers. The crystallinity and crystal orientation of the fibers are investigated by X-ray diffraction, and results from sonic velocity test further confirm ordering state of the macromolecular chains. The fibril morphologies of the fibers are also studied by a scanning electric microscope.
Fuzzy Superpixels Based Semi-Supervised Similarity-Constrained CNN for PolSAR Image Classification
Authors: Guo Yuwei , Sun Zhuangzhuang , Qu Rong , Jiao Licheng , Liu Fang , Zhang Xiangrong
Published: May 2020

Recently, deep learning has been highly successful in image classification. Labeling the PolSAR data, however, is time-consuming and laborious and in response semi-supervised deep learning has been increasingly investigated in PolSAR image classification. Semi-supervised deep learning methods for PolSAR image classification can be broadly divided into two categories, namely pixels-based methods and superpixels-based methods. Pixels-based semi-supervised methods are liable to be affected by speckle noises and have a relatively high computational complexity. Superpixels-based methods focus on the superpixels and ignore tiny detail-preserving represented by pixels. In this paper, a Fuzzy superpixels based Semi-supervised Similarity-constrained CNN (FS-SCNN) is proposed. To reduce the effect of speckle noises and preserve the details, FS-SCNN uses a fuzzy superpixels algorithm to segment an image into two parts, superpixels and undetermined pixels. Moreover, the fuzzy superpixels algorithm can also reduce the number of mixed superpixels and improve classification performance. To exploit unlabeled data effectively, we also propose a Similarity-constrained Convolutional Neural Network (SCNN) model to assign pseudo labels to unlabeled data. The final training set consists of the initial labeled data and these pseudo labeled data. Three PolSAR images are used to demonstrate the excellent classification performance of the FS-SCNN method with data of limited labels.
Sensor Based on PZT Ceramic Resonator with Lateral Electric Field for Immunodetectionof Bacteria in the Conducting Aquatic Environment †
Authors: Borodina Irina , Zaitsev Boris , Teplykh Andrey , Burygin Gennady , Guliy Olga
Published: May 2020

A biological sensor for detection and identification of bacterial cells, including a resonator with a lateral electric field based on PZT ceramics was experimentally investigated. For bacterial immunodetection the frequency dependencies of the electric impedance of the sensor with a suspension of microbial cells were measured before and after adding the specific antibodies. It was found that the addition of specific antibodies to a suspension of microbial cells led to a significant change in these frequency dependencies due to the increase in the conductivity of suspension. The analysis of microbial cells was carried out in aqueous solutions with a conductivity of 4.5–1000 μS/cm, as well as in the tap and drinking water. The detection limit of microbial cells was found to be 103 cells/mL and the analysis time did not exceed 4 min. Experiments with non-specific antibodies were also carried out and it was shown that their addition to the cell suspension did not lead to a change in the analytical signal of the sensor. This confirms the ability to not only detect, but also identify bacterial cells in suspensions.
Modeling and Analysis of Capacitive Relaxation Quenching in a Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) Applied to a CMOS Image Sensor
Authors: Inoue Akito , Okino Toru , Koyama Shinzo , Hirose Yutaka
Published: May 2020

We present an analysis of carrier dynamics of the single-photon detection process, i.e., from Geiger mode pulse generation to its quenching, in a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD). The device is modeled by a parallel circuit of a SPAD and a capacitance representing both space charge accumulation inside the SPAD and parasitic components. The carrier dynamics inside the SPAD is described by time-dependent bipolar-coupled continuity equations (BCE). Numerical solutions of BCE show that the entire process completes within a few hundreds of picoseconds. More importantly, we find that the total amount of charges stored on the series capacitance gives rise to a voltage swing of the internal bias of SPAD twice of the excess bias voltage with respect to the breakdown voltage. This, in turn, gives a design methodology to control precisely generated charges and enables one to use SPADs as conventional photodiodes (PDs) in a four transistor pixel of a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor (CIS) with short exposure time and without carrier overflow. Such operation is demonstrated by experiments with a 6 µm size 400 × 400 pixels SPAD-based CIS designed with this methodology.
Prioritizing Barriers to Be Solved to the Implementation of Reverse Logistics of E-Waste in Brazil under a Multicriteria Decision Aid Approach
Authors: Vieira Bárbara de Oliveira , Guarnieri Patricia , Camara e Silva Lucio , Alfinito Solange
Published: May 2020

This study aims to identify the main barriers to fully implement the reverse logistics of e-waste in Brazil and prioritize them under a Multicriteria Decision Aid approach (MCDA) according to the perceptions of small and medium-sized companies, consumers, and the Brazilian government. Hence, the study was conducted in two steps: (i) Systematic literature review to identify the main barriers, with data collection carried out through a documental analysis, and (ii) MCDA application, through self-administered questionnaires. In order to deal with the uncertainty in subjective measures, the method of Composition of Probabilistic Preferences (CPP) was applied to analyze the results of each group of decision maker, opting for the progressive-pessimistic scenario to prioritize the barriers to be solved. As main results, a priority classification of the internal and external barriers considering each category of decision maker was obtained. Moreover, it was verified that the government and micro and small companies agreed that internal barriers with an organizational nature or related to infrastructure management are the main obstacles to the implementation of reverse logistics. On the other hand, consumers consider the managerial or organizational barriers as a priority.
Sustainable Perspective in Public Educational Institutions Restaurants: From Foodstuffs Purchase to Meal Offer
Authors: Nogueira Josimara Pereira , Hatjiathanassiadou Maria , de Souza Sthephany Rayanne Gomes , Strasburg Virgílio José , Rolim Priscilla Moura , Seabra Larissa Mont’Alverne Jucá
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to evaluate aspects of sustainable nutrition in Public Educational Institutions Restaurants (PEIR) in a Brazilian state. Cross-sectional descriptive research was conducted in six PEIR. Purchased foodstuffs for a one-month period were investigated from the perspective of their origin (place of production), processing degree and nutritional profile. The presence of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) in packaged foodstuffs was also evaluated. Regarding served meals, a four-week period was evaluated in each PEIR considering the Water Footprint (WF) and the nutrient composition of the lunch meals. Results showed that 31.6% of foodstuffs purchased in the period evaluated were from national origin. Analysis of the processing degree of food purchased showed 64.8% unprocessed or minimally processed foods. However, 60.8% of the foodstuffs purchased in a one-month period presented sodium excess, 46.9% had an excess of saturated fat and 40.1% contained an excess of free sugar. The presence of GMO was observed in 9.2% of packed foods. The meals showed a per capita WF average of 2165.8 liters, an energy supply of 834.6 kcal and 1,289.6 mg of sodium per meal served. Foodstuff purchase and menu planning are essential steps towards achieving sustainable meal production and the results showed that foodstuffs purchased in institutional restaurants during the evaluated period was not in line with the precepts of a healthy and sustainable diet. Studies that assess the impact of meal production on the different dimensions of sustainable nutrition are essential to better understand this complex production process.
Simulating Urban Sprawl in China Based on the Artificial Neural Network-Cellular Automata-Markov Model
Authors: Zhang Xueru , Zhou Jie , Song Wei
Published: May 2020

In recent years, China’s urbanization rate has been increasing rapidly, reaching 59.58% in 2018. Urbanization drives rural-to-urban migration, and inevitably promotes urban sprawl. With the development of remote sensing and geographic information technologies, the monitoring technology for urban sprawl has been constantly innovated. In particular, the emergence of night light data has greatly promoted monitoring research of large-scale and long-time-series urban sprawl. In this paper, the urban sprawl in China in 1992, 1997, 2002, 2007, 2012, and 2017 was identified via night light data, and the Artificial Neural Network-Cellular Automata-Markov (ANN-CA-Markov) model was developed to simulate the future urban sprawl in China. The results show that the suitability of urban sprawl based on the ANN model is as high as 0.864, indicating that the ANN model is very suitable for the simulation of urban sprawl. The Kappa coefficient of simulation results was 0.78, indicating that the ANN-CA-Markov model has a high simulation accuracy on urban sprawl. In the future, the hotspot areas of urban sprawl in China will change over time. Although the urban sprawl in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River delta, and the Pearl River delta will still be considerable, the urban sprawl in the Chengdu-Chongqing city cluster, the Guanzhong Plain city cluster, the central plains city cluster, and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River will be more prominent. Overall, China’s urban sprawl will be concentrated in the east of Hu’s line in the future.
The Use of Video to Evaluate On-Farm Demonstrations as a Tactile Space for Learning
Authors: Cooreman Hanne , Vandenabeele Joke , Debruyne Lies , Marchand Fleur
Published: May 2020

Tactile spaces as learning environments influence individuals’ attitudes through social embeddedness or interconnections among people, and physical embodiedness through experiencing surroundings, potentially fostering deep commitments. When on-farm demonstrations operate as tactile spaces, they could potentially support the adoption of innovative agricultural practices. In this article, we introduce video analysis as a methodological approach to evaluate this potential of on-farm demonstration (OFD) as tactile spaces. We reflect upon this methodology with a lens on three Belgian on-farm demonstrations, each on a different topic with a different participant group, all including farmers. As a first result, this method assists in defining strengths and weaknesses of an OFD in terms of using its potential as a rich learning environment. Based on our cases, we suggest deliberately incorporating physical interaction opportunities and verbal references to the surroundings during OFDs, as our data reveals that physical embodiedness opportunities stimulate verbal and physical interactions. However, more research should confirm this. Secondly, our research resulted in lessons learned for future use of video to evaluate OFDs as tactile spaces, building on the VDA methodological framework of Nassauer and Legewie (2018). We summarise our insights in methodological guidelines, which can serve as a starting point to guide future research.
Fen Eğitiminde Dünya Ölçeğinde Bazı Ülkelerin Karşılaştırması
Authors: ÖZCAN Cansu , GÜCÜM Berna
Published: May 2020

Günümüzde, gelişmiş ülkelerinin eğitim sistemlerini
ve eğitim alanındaki reformları takip etmek ülkemiz eğitim sistemimizin
geliştirilmesi sürecine katkıda bulunacaktır. Bu bağlamda Uluslararası
sınavlarda yüksek başarı gösteren beş ülke ile ülkemizin karşılaştırma
çalışması yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, ele alınan diğer ülkelerin ana dil bakımından
farklılık göstermesi neticesinde Kanada ve Türk fen eğitim programı belirlenen
başlıklar çerçevesinde sunulmuştur. Araştırma bir karşılaştırma çalışması olup,
bu karşılaştırma çalışmasını gerçekleştirmede doküman analizi kullanılmıştır.
Araştırma sonucunda, ilk olarak Çin, Finlandiya, Japonya, Kanada, Singapur ve
Türkiye eğitim sistemlerinin fiziki koşulları bakımından benzerlik ya da
farklılıkları, ikinci olarak Türkiye ve Kanada ortaöğretim 8. sınıf fen eğitimi
programlarının benzerlik ya da farklılıkları incelenmiştir. Kanada ve Türkiye
fen eğitim programları kazanım, belirlenen konular ve toplam ders saatleri
bakımından çarpıcı durumlar ortaya çıkarılmıştır. İncelenen ülkelerin fen
eğitimi programında fen okuryazarı birey yetiştirme hedeflerinin ortak olduğu
fakat bunu gerçekleştirmede program bakımından farklılıklar olduğu
saptanmıştır.
Cultural and Social Mecca
Authors: Peters Jeremy
Published: May 2020

Detroit’s Black Bottom and Paradise Valley were African-American neighborhoods that housed a vibrant and active popular music scene between World War I and the 1960s. They were home to a dense network of music venues, many of which were owned or managed by African-Americans. Urban renewal projects during the late-1950s destroyed much of the heart of these places. Unfortunately, discussion of this activity is largely missing from the academic literature on placemaking, cultural entrepreneurship, and music scenes in Detroit. To address this gap, I propose a solution that marries discussion of these neighborhoods with a method to measure and compare entrepreneurial activity in a music scene using venue density as a construct.
Book Review: Canvas Detroit
Authors: Kuuskoski Jonathan
Published: May 2020

The title Canvas Detroit fulfills a promise long-understood in the Southeastern Michigan community: the Motor City, despite its rough and tumble journey into the 21st century, is home to a vibrant and flourishing arts scene. Far from a standard coffee table book, though, this rich—yet surprisingly accessible—volume functions as a visual ethnography of the artists who define that scene. Hundreds of beautiful images complement dozens of profiles of natives, adopted locals, and famous visitors, who collectively shape Detroit’s culture while representing the resilience of a population indelibly linked to the city’s Rust Belt origins.
Arts Entrepreneurship Internationally and in the Age of Covid-19
Authors: Bonin-Rodriguez Paul , Vakharia Neville
Published: May 2020

What brings the two halves of our expanded, double issue together, other than rigorous scholarship and shared commitment to our growing field, is this moment of crisis and change. During our editorial process, the world went into quarantine, and like many art scholars we found ourselves asking how the journal’s field-building aims would contribute to the resilience of arts organizations facing an unparalleled crisis. This editorial gathers those voices and shares their message of both distress and hope.
Probiotics on the Board of the International Space Station:
from the Space Experiment to the Space Production.
Authors: Popova E.V. , Kutnik I.V. , Kobatov A.I. , Verbitskaya N.B. , Churilova I.V. , Leonova N.V.
Published: May 2020

Since 2007, a series of experiments on the production and use of product with high probiotic potential is being performed on the board of the ISS in order to weaken the impact of mutagenic factors on the human body. The first research objective was to develop the technology of the microorganism emulsive cultivation under weightless conditions on the board of the ISS. The second research objective was to obtain products of microbiological origin good for maintaining the required composition of human endo-microflora. Crews of the ISS-49 through ISS-63 were involved in the research in the framework of the “Probiovit” space experiment. The paper analyzes and summarizes obtained experimental results.
Creation and Improvement of the Scientific and Technical Basis for Preparing Cosmonauts to Carry Out Applied Experimental Research on Board the ISS RS.
Authors: Vasiliev V.I. , Popova E.V. , Saburov P.A.
Published: May 2020

The article covers the issues of training cosmonauts for carrying out applied experimental research on board the ISS. It also describes appropriate technical facilities available at the Yu.A.Gagarin Research&Test CTC.
Publications on Greenland by the Survey, 1998
Authors: Eriksen Birgit , Dawes Peter R.
Published: May 2020

No abstract available.
Analytical procedures in the Rock Geochemical Laboratory of the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland
Authors: Kystol Jørgen , Melchior Larsen Lotte
Published: May 2020

The analytical procedures for analysis of whole rocks for major and selected trace elements, mainly by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), are described in detail. The quality of the results is evaluated and results for international standards are given.
Algorithms for segmentation and recognition of objects on medical images based on chiarlet transformation and neural networks
Authors: Hamad Y.A. , Simonov K.V. , Kents A.S.
Published: May 2020

The paper considers general approaches to image processing, analysis of visual data and computer vision. The main methods for detecting features and edges associated with these approaches are presented. A brief description of modern edge detection and classification algorithms suitable for isolating and characterizing the type of pathology in the lungs in medical images is also given.
Method of determination of the text direction on the image with the use of convolutional neural network
Authors: Nikolaev P.L.
Published: May 2020

This article deals with method of binary classification of images with small text on them Classification is based on the fact that the text can have 2 directions – it can be positioned horizontally and read from left to right or it can be turned 180 degrees so the image must be rotated to read the sign. This type of text can be found on the covers of a variety of books, so in case of recognizing the covers, it is necessary first to determine the direction of the text before we will directly recognize it. The article suggests the development of a deep neural network for determination of the text position in the context of book covers recognizing. The results of training and testing of a convolutional neural network on synthetic data as well as the examples of the network functioning on the real data are presented.
Análisis funcional de Consolación del Sur y Sandino como centros intermedios del sistema de asentamientos humanos de Pinar del Río, Cuba
Authors: Cabrera Díaz Juan P. , Valdivia Fernández Isabel M. , Cabrera Díaz Dunia
Published: May 2020

Existe una gran variedad de factores que afectan la configuración de los territorios. El sistema de asentamientos humanos, la estructura económica, su historia, conectividad, infraestructura y servicios son algunos de los más importantes. En este trabajo, se realiza un examen de varios de estos factores en la provincia, para determinar la funcionalidad de las ciudades como centros intermedios del sistema de asentamientos humanos.Con base en los resultados de esta investigación, se pueden hacer cambios en los esquemas y planes de pedidos de estos asentamientos, los subsistemas territoriales que conforman la provincia. Finalmente, se propone un grupo de acciones o políticas que se llevarán a cabo en cada uno de estos asentamientos para mejorar su funcionalidad y tratar de eliminar la dependencia que tienen la mayoría de los pueblos de la capital provincial, un aspecto que establece un carácter monocéntrico en términos de cuestiones socioeconómicas y administrativas en ese territorio.
Networking through online geographic learning: A Pan American experience
Authors: Muñiz Solari Osvaldo
Published: May 2020

La educación online se identifica como un nivel e-learning más avanzado que la educación a distancia. La primera representa un proceso de red dinámica generada por los miembros que integran una comunidad de práctica. Este artículo describe el desarrollo de una experiencia de educación online a través de una red dinámica de nodos representados por profesores activos de enseñanza media en geografía y ciencias sociales. El proyecto identificado como “RedOnline-IPGH” tuvo una dimensión Panamericana por su extensión geográfica.Un portal digital creado en la Universidad Estatal de Texas, identificado como Nodo-1, coordinó una red de 16 nodos adicionales localizados en varios países de América Central y América del Sur. El Nodo-1 en América del Norte mantuvo una conexión permanente con todos los nodos para permitir una interacción sincrónica y asincrónica durante 12 semanas.Los profesores aprendieron a trabajar en ambiente e-learning utilizando los modelos de aprendizaje basado en indagación (ABI) y aprendizaje basado en problemas (ABP). El estudio del cambio climático como tema central fue desarrollado a través de un análisis acabado de varios casos internacionales. Finalmente, cada profesor creó un programa de curso para enseñar el cambio climático en la enseñanza media.Los resultados del proyecto demostraron un aprendizaje individual y de equipo muy exitoso. Adicionalmente fue posible medir una creciente interacción y colaboración virtual entre los participantes.La cooperación fue también un beneficio indirecto dadas las evidencias entre los participantes por mantener futuros lazos académicos y sociales.
Od redakcji
Authors: Burkiewicz Łukasz
Published: May 2020

Biblia stanowi, obok dorobku antyku, jeden z najważniejszych funda­mentów kultury europejskiej oraz ma istotny wpływ na ludzi, którzy się z nią zetknęli. Jest świętą księgą dla chrześcijan i wyznawców judaizmu, będąc przy tym także źródłem uniwersalnych motywów, z którego czerpią różne dziedziny naszego życia. Ponadto motywy biblijne od wieków są in­spiracją dla twórców, a sama Biblia – podążając za słowami Profesor Anny Świderkówny – „weszła tak głęboko w naszą sztukę, w naszą literaturę, w naszą mentalność, w nasz sposób mówienia, że choćbyśmy próbowa­li, nie jesteśmy w stanie wyprzeć się jej dziedzictwa”. W kontekście tego, o czym powyżej wspomniano, i kulturoznawczego charakteru czasopisma jako temat przewodni w bieżącym numerze została wybrana rola Biblii w kulturze. Spojrzenie na to zagadnienie zostało podjęte z perspektywy badaczy zarówno krajowych, jak i zagranicznych (ukraińskich).
Metaphysical and Cultural Nature of Sacrifice in the Life and Death of E. Stein and S. Weil
Authors: Duchliński Piotr , Płazińska Agata
Published: May 2020

The article explains the metaphysical, culture-making and creative act sacrificing one’s own life in the name of higher values. At the beginning we discuss the causes of a contemporary cultural crisis and the disap­pearance of metaphysical attitudes. We have formulated a thesis that the revival of metaphysics in contemporary culture can be grounded in the experience of metaphysical qualities that are present in heroic acts of offering one’s own life for another. The next step in our analysis was to identify the necessary and sufficient conditions for self-sacrifice, and then, on the examples of E. Stein and S. Weil, we show what the ultimate sacrifice of one’s own life is. Using the method of humanis­tic interpretation, we have reconstructed the descriptive and normative reasons which motivated the two women to their acts of self-sacrifice. And although Weil and Stein do not meet the criteria to be categorized as self-sacrifices, we have found that they indeed were ultimate sacri­fices because they were directed towards the realization of the highest moral and religious ideals. Using the category of “metaphysical quali­ties” developed by the Polish phenomenologist Roman Ingarden, we proposed an interpretation in which the sacrificial act was interpreted as supererogation in which metaphysical qualities such as holiness, sublimity, etc. are phenomenologically present. Such an act also has a cultural-creative dimension, consisting in building a culture and civilization of life in which the value of the existence of another human being is a correlate of a metaphysical desire rather than biological and psychological needs. The thesis is that, contrary to the contemporary crisis in metaphysics and axiology, they are essential and irremovable elements of culture, without which it cannot grow properly.
A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE NOVEL «ASSEMBLY HALL»
BY HERMANN KANT IN THE REUNIFIED GERMANY (AFTER 1991)
Authors: Gurevich Rimma
Published: May 2020

H. Kant’s novel received a high literary and aesthetic appreciation in

criticism and wide recognition by readers. Criticism (before and after the unification

of Germany) concerns mainly one aspect viz. authenticity of the events

depicted in the novel and the charcters’ images. Opponents argue that Kant’s

ideological views, his consistent socialist and party position have prompt him to

embellish reality, create simulacra, and the idyllic world of socialist Biedermeyer. The article shows that these assessments ignore the nature of his talent, especially his creative personality peculiarities such as journalistic orientation of the motivated «political» person and writer.
DYNAMICS OF THE ESTATE SUPERTEXT FUNCTIONING
IN RUSSIAN LITERATURE:
SEMANTICS, SYNTACTICS, PRAGMATICS
Authors: Grinevich Olga
Published: May 2020

The purpose of the article is to study the diachronic aspects of the supertext functioning as a semiosphere on the example of the estate supertext in Russian literature. Each fragment of the estate semiosphere, due to its iconic nature, is organized

in accordance with the semiosis levels: semantics (a myth, a system of oppositions, motives and toposes), syntactics (linear connections between semantics

components) and pragmatics (a communication system in the text, a subjective structure). In the iconic organization of the supertext, semantics refers to the paradigm

level and composes an invariant system of values, which ensures the integrity of the supertext and the meaning continuity. The semantic components are concretized at the syntactic level in different contexts (the context of syntagma,

the context of the author’s work, the historical context) and the plots (a consistent connection of motives and images). Out-of-text and in-text communications are reflected at the level of pragmatics (an author’s dialogue with tradition,

various forms of quotations, involvement in aesthetic polemics of the era, inter-semiotic translation into different literary languages. Thus, syntactics and pragmatics refer to peripheral fragments that belong to the semiotic field of the estate text and they are primarily subject to changes in the diachronic development of the supertext. This semiotic model can become a universal one for studying the dynamic aspects of large supertext (overtext) formations/
SCHUBERT'S «THE TROUT» IN RUSSIAN POETRY
Authors: Markov Alexander
Published: May 2020

Franz Schubert is one of the well-known western composers in Russian poetry due to the fact that poets have been attracted by his laconic plots, relation to legends, melodramaticism and deep symbolism going beyond historical symbolism. In Russian poetry the small play «The Trout» acquired a meaning different from the composer’s intensions. It began to be understood not as a

moral tale of caution and temptation and not as a hymn to youth and young feelings, but as a call for freedom of improvisation. The article, based on material from Russian poetry of the XXth century, immigrant and modern poetry, examines the reasons for the bias in the understanding of the play. The article thoroughly analyzes rhetoric of the text «The Trout» and features of its perception in modern and contemporary lyrics. The

author indicates factors of meaning bias such as a biographical subtext of «The Trout» creation, Schubert’s general image mainly as a romantic composer, an implicit competition between poets lived at the same time for the correct understanding

of musical rhetoric. The research methods include reconstruction of the composer's reputation in Russian culture, a comparative historical analysis and hermeneutics of a poetic text, and specification of musical allusions. Thanks to the individualization and analysis of the stages found in the transformation of the «The Trout» perception in Russian poetry, it is proved that the musical work perception is associated with a special understanding of media nature like the play brevity, its distribution, the first publication in the newspaper its use in parodies and mass culture has made the author understand «The Trout» as a democratic work with its own media principles. In addition, the

richness of Schubert’s legendary and ballad plots and the need to artificially build Schubert’s world within a short lyrical work have turned «The Trout» into an exemplary key of the plot. The ballad starts to be interpreted through poetic form as the opposite to the work with morality; musical intonation is understood

as a gesture of gaining freedom contrary to the literal content of the ballad.
Explicitáció és implicitáció az audiovizuális fordításban: a TED Talks feliratok elemzése
Authors: Malaczkov Szilvia
Published: May 2020

A nyelvészeti fordítástudomány egyik fő kutatási területe a fordítá- si univerzálék feltárása. Az eddigi vizsgálatok alapján ide tartozik az explicitáció jelensége is, amely, ha valóban fordítási univerzálé, akkor nyelvtől függetlenül minden fordítási irányban és szövegtípusban megtalálható. Ha ez a feltételezés igaz, akkor az explicitációnak az audiovizuális fordításában (AVF) is jelen kell lennie. Jelen tanulmányban az audiovizuális szövegek egyik típusán végzett eddi- gi és tervezett kutatásomat mutatom be. A kutatási korpuszt TED Talks előadások önkéntes fordítók által magyar–angol és angol–magyar nyelvi irányban készített feliratai alkotják. A kétirányú vizsgálat végső célja az explicitáció mint lehetséges fordítási univerzálé igazolása az aszimmetria hipotézis segítségével. A tanulmány bemutatja a kutatáshoz szükséges elméleti hátteret, a kutatás alapjául szolgáló eset- tanulmányt és meghatározza a kutatás további irányát.
Isolated Keyword Spotting in Multilingual Environment using ANN and MFCC
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Computer Applications, Assam Don Bosco University, Guwahati, India., Deka Brajen Kumar , Das Pranab ,   Assistant Professor (Sr.), Department of Computer Applications, Assam Don Bosco University, Guwahati, India
Published: May 2020

The performance and analysis of Keyword Spotting system (KWS) are applied when the training and testing in a multilingual environment. This paper exhibits an approach for building up a multilingual KWS framework for Assamese, English and Hindi language dependent on feed-forward neural system. Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) has been utilized for highlight extraction which gives a lot of highlight vectors from recorded sound examples. Neural Network backpropagation model is utilized to improve the acknowledgment execution on the recently made multilingual database utilizing the multi-layer feed-forward neural system classifier.
Radiative Heat Transfer on Turbulent Mixed Convection Flows
Authors:   Student, CAD/CAM, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai, Tamilnadu, India., Anvesh T. , Harish R. ,   Assistant Professor, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
Published: May 2020

In the present study our intention is to dispatch the turbulent mixed convective flow and radiative flow in a vertical rectangular channel. The channel is constructed with two openings inlet and outlet. The turbulence is modelled by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach using lambremhorst turbulence model. Radiation is modelled with Discrete ordinates method (DOM). Finite difference method (FDM) is utilized to discretize the governing equations and an inhouse Fotron code is used to simulate the turbulent flow. The invariant study is carried out for the effect of flow opposite to buoyancy force and flow in same direction as buoyancy flow heat transfer characteristics. The heat transfer rate is remarkably altered by the flow opposite to buoyancy force and flow in same direction as buoyancy flow behavior observed inside the enclosure
Smart Wearable Visualizing System for People with Hearing Impairment
Authors:   Professor & HoD, Dept. of ECE, Aarupadai Veedu Institute Of Technology, VMRF, Paiyanoor. Chennai, India., Hema* L.K. , S Velmurugan ,   UG student, Dept. of ECE, Aarupadai Veedu Institute Of Technology, VMRF, Paiyanoor. Chennai, India., S Mohanraj ,   UG student, Dept. of ECE, Aarupadai Veedu Institute Of Technology, VMRF, Paiyanoor. Chennai, India., kumar T Dhilip ,   UG student, Dept. of ECE, Aarupadai Veedu Institute Of Technology, VMRF, Paiyanoor. Chennai, India.
Published: May 2020

In worldwide around 466 million people have struggling because of hearing impairment and 34 million of those are children. Hearing loss may cause due to aging and exploring of louder sounds, complications at birth, certain contagious diseases, prolonged ear infections. Nowadays people with hearing disability uses hearing aids, but due to the environment noise interference it won’t be efficient and also they don't separate speech and noise in noisy environments. In order to intimate the deaf person, we have introduced a system which includes several means of visualizing both ambient and speech sounds and presents a combination of visualization displays incorporated into one system that would help the hearing impaired people to an enhanced awareness of their surroundings.
Distribution Locational Marginal Pricing for Combined Thermal and Electric Grid Operation
Authors: Troitzsch Sebastian , Grussmann Mischa , Zhang Kai , Hamacher Thomas
Published: May 2020

Distribution locational marginal prices (DLMPs) have been formulated for electric distribution grids to economically dispatch distributed energy resources (DERs) while addressing operational constraints of the electric grid. This paper proposes to extend this methodology to thermal grids, i.e, district heating or cooling systems, and specifically the combined operation of thermal and electric grids. To this end, thermal and electric grid models are formulated in a linear approximate model fashion. Then, the derivation and decomposition of DLMPs is formulated based on the combined optimal operation problem, assuming a linear state space model form for flexible loads (FLs). The ability of the DLMPs to reflect operational constraints in the thermal grid is demonstrated for a test case with 22 FLs.
MANUSCRIPTS OF ABU KHAFS NASAFI’S “AL-TAYSIR FI `ILM AL-TAFSIR” AT THE SULAYMANIYAH LIBRARY OF TURKEY
Authors: Muratov Abdushukur
Published: May 2020

Over the centuries, the territory of what is now Uzbekistan has been one of the well-developed scientific, educational and spiritual centers of the world. Its history and thousands of manuscripts in the funds of the country confirm that it has produced many scholars on the one hand, and on the other hand, these scholars have paid special attention to science. A large part of manuscripts in the funds of the country is devoted to Islamic sciences such as Tafsir, Hadith, Fiqh, Kalam, Balagha, Logic and Arabic linguistics. One of these manuscripts is Abu Khafs Nasafi’s (467-537/1074-1142) work “Al-Taysir fi `Ilm al-Tafsir”. The manuscript is devoted to the Science of Tafsir and contains of five volumes. Seven manuscript copies of this work are stored in the Fund of the Institute of Oriental Studies named after Abu Rayhan Biruni under the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. A scientific analysis of these sources confirms that these copies were not fully saved. Manuscript copies of the work “al-Taysir fi `Ilm al-Taysir” are stored not only in our country, but in other countries too. Particularly, there are 77 copies of this work in the libraries of Turkey. These manuscripts are well preserved than other copies of this work. The article gives information about manuscript copies of the work “al-Taysir fi `Ilm al-Taysir” in the Sulaymaniyah library of Turkey.
KEY WORDS: Abu Khafs `Umar Nasafi, Tafsir, al-Taysir fi `Ilm al-Tafsir, verse, faith, hadith, scholar of his time, method.
Effect of Determination Method on the Liquid Limit of Quaternary Soils
Authors: Al-Taie Abbas J.
Published: May 2020

The design process in geotechnical engineering has been vastly affected by Atterberg limits. There are wide variances in the results of liquid limit(LL)determined by different methods. It thought that the procedure used in the test is the primary source of these variances. The research reported in this paper was carried out to find the extent of the proper variance caused by the procedure used to determine the LL of quaternary soils. The effect of this variance on soil classification and activity (A) were included thoroughly. The LL was determined by six methods. They are the Casagrande hard-base and soft-base devices (multi-point and one-point method, and multi-point and one-point cone penetrometer methods. It was found that the index properties obtained from hard-base Casagrande device are differed significantly when compared with other methods. The variance noted was great enough to change LL and change the classification of soil from CL to CH and cause an error in computing A.
Una aproximación a la medición de pérdidas de alimento en la cadena de la papa en Ecuador y Perú
Authors: A. Devaux C. Velasco; M. Ordinola;
Published: May 2020

La producción de papa y sus relaciones comerciales y técnicas en la cadena de valor, es una de las fuentes más importantes de ingresos y de seguridad alimentaria para miles de pequeños agricultores andinos, quienes se enfrentan cada vez más a las tendencias de la urbanización, la volatilidad de precios, escasez de agua y tierra, estrés ambiental y choques climáticos. La comprensión de las pérdidas de alimentos a lo largo de la cadena de valor y el papel que juegan en la seguridad alimentaria han captado el interés de los investigadores y políticos, ya que su reducción puede mejorar la disponibilidad de alimentos sin aumentar los insumos agrícolas, la tierra o las mejoras tecnológicas en la producción. Sin embargo, estimar las pérdidas de alimentos ha demostrado ser difícil y los esfuerzos han arrojado estimaciones que varían considerablemente. La metodología presentada en este estudio distingue tanto pérdidas en cantidad como las debidas a deterioro en calidad y valor. Los resultados muestran que las pérdidas más importantes ocurren en la etapa de producción y que las más frecuentes ocurren debido a prácticas de manejo de cultivos (antes de la cosecha), plagas y enfermedades, heladas y sequías, que son potenciadas por la presencia del cambio climático. Las pérdidas en la producción ascienden a un promedio del 95% de las pérdidas totales en la cadena. Este documento reporta los resultados obtenidos en base al estudio realizado por el Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP) a través del Programa del CGIAR sobre Políticas, Instituciones y Mercados (PIM) liderado por IFPRI, para evaluar el alcance y las fuentes de pérdidas de alimentos tomando como caso de estudio cadenas de valor más importantes de la papa en Ecuador y Perú.
Production y multiplication de variedades nacionales de papa en sistemas agrícolas familiares
Authors: P. González P. L. Colnago; F. Vilaró;
Published: May 2020

La papa es la principal hortaliza en términos de volumen de producción a nivel nacional. En Uruguay se realizan dos ciclos de producción al año; en otoño y en primavera. Los productores de pequeña y mediana escala representan el 80% de los productores totales y cubren el 10% del área sembrada anualmente. El sistema actual de multiplicación de tubérculos semilla permite dos  cultivos en dos años, involucrando la conservación en frío de los tubérculos por seis  meses. Se ha propuesto un sistema alternativo para productores familiares basado en el uso de variedades nacionales de dormancia corta. Con un manejo adecuado es posible obtener cuatro  cultivos en dos  años. Con el objetivo de apoyar la inserción de productores familiares en un esquema de multiplicación de materiales nacionales y de identificar factores de manejo a mejorar, se monitoreó la producción de tubérculos semilla durante los dos ciclos del cultivo en 2016. Se visitaron los predios cada 15 días para evaluar el crecimiento y desarrollo del cultivo, monitorear la presencia de enfermedades y plagas y apoyar la toma de decisiones en el cultivo. Se realizaron muestreos destructivos durante el crecimiento del cultivo y se estimó el rendimiento. Los factores críticos de manejo identificados y discutidos con los productores fueron la densidad y marco de plantación, emergencia y el manejo de la cosecha y postcosecha de tubérculos. La fecha de cosecha fue uno de los puntos críticos  ya que las demoras en la cosecha son frecuentes. El retraso en la cosecha de primavera no permitiría utilizar estos tubérculos como semilla para el otoño ya que no alcanzarían un estado de brotación adecuado a la siembra. A pesar de que las variedades nacionales tienen dormancia  corta, para que este esquema de multiplicación sea viable, la fecha de cosecha de primavera es un factor clave para asegurar un estado de brotación adecuado para la próxima siembra.
„Mērnieku laiki” un vienradža smadzenes: gastrotulkojuma samērojums
Authors: Laizāns Mārtiņš
Published: May 2020

In this article, a fragment from the novel “Mērnieku laiki” (‘The Times of the Land Surveyors’, 1879) by Reinis and Matīss Kaudzīte has been compared with its translations in several languages. The chosen fragment contentwise is saturated with elements of gastronomic cornucopia, and most of these and the accompanying phenomena of the imagined honorary feast can be considered utopian in their nature. In addition, the content of the fragment has been dressed in an utterly Rabelaisian language and poetics, and the tone of the fragment is comical as well, – enumeration crammed with hyperboles containing several language layers, which, in turn, serve as evidence about the ideas of the average Latvian peasant about the world beyond the borders of his parish in the middle of the 19th century. It is important to juxtapose this fragment with its translations as the translation of food and drink is not only a problem of literature, but the daily praxis in this regard produces a lot of intercultural misunderstandings. This comparison allows us to see the challenges and difficulties the translators had to encounter. It also allows to make observations about the solutions the translators had to come up with, and the possible effect produced on the target language audience – to what extent it has been successful and to what degree the atmosphere and language portrayed in the fragment by Kaudzītes is adaptable to other cultural spaces. In the article, the translation history of “Mērnieku laiki” has been described, the connections between the comical and gastropoetics in literature and literary studies, as well as the research literature on the translation of these aspects. In the article, the compared texts are the original by Kaudzītes and seven translations – two German, two Russian, two Lithuanian, and one Estonian translation.
The The Church as diaconia. One view of the Reformed understanding of diaconia
Authors: Avila Mariano , Ryökäs Esko
Published: May 2020

The Church of John Calvin in Geneva is nowadays known as the beginning of the Reformed Church tradition. When we strive a general description of the central elements of the reformed view of deacons and their tasks of today (diaconia), which is the goal of this article, we have it difficult to define an adequate source for this information. In this article, we analyze the way of diaconal thinking, presented in the modern documents of one very mainstream Church in USA and Canada: The Christian Reformed Church in North America. As a result, we see how the Calvinistic way of understanding the Gospel lead to an understanding of the Church as Diaconia. However, there is some dogmatical tension, too.
HPV Sampling Options for Cervical Cancer Screening: Preferences of Urban-Dwelling Canadians in a Changing Paradigm
Authors: Datta G.D. , Mayrand M.H. , Qureshi S. , Ferre N. , Gauvin L.
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Of women in Canada diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer, 50% have not been screened according to guidelines. Interventions involving self-collected samples for human papillomavirus (hpv) screening could be an avenue to increase uptake. To guide the development of cervical cancer screening interventions, we assessed (1) preferred sample collection options, (2) sampling preferences according to previous screening behaviours, and (3) preference for self-sampling among women not screened according to guidelines, as a function of their reasons for not being screened. Methods: Data were collected in an online survey (Montreal, Quebec; 2016) and included information from female participants between the ages of 21 and 65 years who had not undergone hysterectomy and who had provided answers to survey questions about screening history, screening interval, and screening preferences (n = 526, weighted n = 574,392). Results: In weighted analyses, 68% of all women surveyed and 82% of women not recently screened preferred screening by self-sampling. Among women born outside of Canada, the United States, or Europe, preference ranged from 47% to 60%. Nearly all women (95%–100%) who reported fear or embarrassment, dislike of undergoing a Pap test, or lack of time or geography-related availability of screening as one of their reasons for not being screened stated a preference for undergoing screening by self-sampling. Conclusions: The results demonstrate a strong preference for self-sampling among never-screened and not-recently-screened women, and provides initial evidence for policymakers and researchers to address how best to integrate self-sampling hpv screening into both organized and opportunistic screening contexts.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Genitourinary Malignancies
Authors: Thana M. , Wood L.
Published: May 2020

Although immune-mediated therapies have been used in genitourinary (gu) malignancies for decades, recent advances with monoclonal antibody checkpoint inhibitors (cpis) have led to a number of promising treatment options. In renal cell carcinoma (rcc), cpis have been shown to have benefit over conventional therapies in a number of settings, and they are the standard of care for many patients with metastatic disease. Based on recent data, combinations of cpis and antiangiogenic therapies are likely to become a new standard approach in rcc. In urothelial carcinoma, cpis have been shown to have a role in the second-line treatment of metastatic disease, and a number of clinical trials are actively investigating cpis for other indications. In other gu malignancies, such as prostate cancer, results to date have been less promising. Immunotherapies continue to be an area of active study for all gu disease sites, with several clinical trials ongoing. In this review, we summarize the current evidence for cpi use in rcc, urothelial carcinoma, prostate cancer, testicular germ-cell tumours, and penile carcinoma. Ongoing clinical trials of interest are highlighted, as are the challenges that clinicians and patients will potentially face as immune cpis become a prominent feature in the treatment of gu cancers.