bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring internalized health-related stigma across health conditions: development and validation of the I-HEARTS Scale
Authors: Pearl Rebecca L. , Li Yulin , Groshon Laurie C. , Hernandez Marian , Saunders Danielle , Sheynblyum Miriam , Driscoll Kimberly A. , Gelfand Joel M. , Manavalan Preeti , Montanez-Wiscovich Marjorie , Pereira Deidre B. , Puhl Rebecca M. , Wadden Thomas A. , Waxenberg Lori B. , Westen Sarah C. , Lou Xiang-Yang
Published: October 2024

Background

Health-related stigma and its internalization among individuals with chronic health conditions contribute to impaired mental and physical health and quality of life. Research on health-related stigma has been siloed, with disease-specific measures that may not capture the experiences of individuals with multiple health conditions and that prevent comparisons across health conditions. The current study aimed to develop and test a transdiagnostic measure of internalized health-related stigma for use among adults with different physical health conditions.

Methods

An existing measure of internalized mental health stigma was adapted to assess stigma due to chronic physical health conditions following COSMIN procedures, with input from advisory boards of community members living with a range of stigmatized health conditions (obesity, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, skin diseases, HIV, chronic pain, and cancers) and of health professionals who specialized in these conditions. The new Internalized Health-Related Stigma (I-HEARTS) Scale was tested in an online sample of 300 adults with these health conditions, recruited from ResearchMatch. Additional psychosocial measures of mental health and quality of life were administered, and participants provided information about their health conditions and demographic characteristics. Exploratory factor analysis and tests of reliability and validity were conducted to determine the psychometric properties of the I-HEARTS Scale, and k-means clustering and receiver of characteristic curve analysis were used to determine a clinically meaningful cutoff score indicating high levels of internalized stigma.

Results

Factor analysis results yielded a 25-item scale with a 3-factor solution, with subscales of Perceived and Anticipated Stigma, Stereotype Application and Self-Devaluation, and Stigma Resistance. Psychometric properties for internal consistency, inter-item and item-total correlations, and test-retest reliability were strong. Certain demographics (e.g., younger age) and characteristics related to health conditions (e.g., greater symptom severity) were associated with higher levels of internalized stigma. I-HEARTS Scale scores correlated moderately to strongly with related but distinct psychosocial measures, and a cutoff score of 3.40 or higher on the 1–7 rating scale was determined to indicate clinically meaningful levels of internalized stigma.

Conclusions

The I-HEARTS Scale is a reliable and valid measure for the assessment of internalized health-related stigma among adults with varied stigmatized chronic health conditions.

Study pre-registration

https://osf.io/84c5d/?view_only=87238512f6d6475c87f8f64280a8a15f.
Male reproductive system of the deep-sea acorn worm Quatuoralisia malakhovi (Hemichordata, Enteropneusta, Torquaratoridae) from the Bering Sea
Authors: Lukinykh Anastasiya Ivanovna , Ezhova Olga Vladimirovna , Yushin Vladimir Vladimirovich , Galkin Sergey Vladimirovich , Malakhov Vladimir Vasilievich
Published: October 2024

Background

The deep-sea acorn worm Quatuoralisia malakhovi belongs to the phylum Hemichordata, class Enteropneusta, family Torquaratoridae, which was described in 2005. Owing to their epibenthic lifestyle and deep-sea habitat features, torquaratorids differ anatomically from shallow-water acorn worms; however, their morphology and fine structure are poorly studied. We have the opportunity to make three complete detailed series of histological sections of Q. malakhovi and to study the microscopic anatomy, histology and fine structure of the reproductive system of this acorn worm using scanning and transmission electron microscopy.

Results

The sexes of Q. malakhovi are separate and indistinguishable externally. The lobed testes occupy the dorsal side of the genital wings and distinctly bulge into the peribranchial cavity by their mature lobes. The central part of the testis is always submerged into the genital wing and opens via a single gonad pore. The monociliary muscle cells stretch along the external wall of the testis and surround the gonad pore, probably taking part in the contraction of the testis lobes for spawning. The germinative epithelium of the testis contains spermatogenic cells at different stages of development and interstitial cells. Yolk cells are not found. Interstitial cells embrace the spermatogonia and spermatogenic columns, providing horizontal compartmentalization of the germinative epithelium, and contain numerous phagosomes with remnants of degenerating spermatogenic cells. The testis wall contains haemal lacunae, which are usually located on the side opposite the gonad pore. We describe the fine structure of spermatogonia, spermatocytes clustered in spermatogenic columns, spermatids, and spermatozoa. Spermatozoa are of the ectaquasperm type and consist of an acorn-shaped head and a flagellum 18–25 µm long. The sperm head includes a beak-shaped acrosomal part, a spherical nucleus and a midpiece containing a ring of 5 or rarely 6 mitochondria.

Conclusions

The male reproductive system and sperm structure of Q. malakhovi, a representative of the family Torquaratoridae, have a number of differences from shallow-water acorn worms; however, the spermatogenesis and sperm structure of Q. malakhovi generally follow the pattern of the other three enteropneust families, and the phylogenetic significance of these deviations should be the subject of further research.
Creation of a replicable anatomic model of terrible triad of the elbow
Authors: Baltassat Antoine , Baldairon Florent , Berthe Samuel , Bellier Alexandre , Bahlouli Nadia , Clavert Philippe
Published: October 2024

Background

Terrible triad of the elbow (TTE) is a complex dislocation associating radial head (RH) and coronoid process (CP) fractures. There is at present no reproducible anatomic model for TTE, and pathophysiology is unclear. The main aim of the present study was to create and validate an anatomic model of TTE. Secondary objectives were to assess breaking forces and relative forearm rotation with respect to the humerus before dislocation.

Methods

An experimental comparative study was conducted on 5 fresh human specimens aged 87.4 ± 8.6 years, testing 10 upper limbs. After dissection conserving the medial and lateral ligaments, interosseous membrane and joint capsule, elbows were reproducibly positioned in maximal pronation and 15° flexion, for axial compression on a rapid (100 mm/min) or slow (10 mm/min) protocol, applied by randomization between the two elbows of a given cadaver, measuring breaking forces and relative forearm rotation with respect to the humerus before dislocation.

Results

The rapid protocol reproduced 4 posterolateral and 1 divergent anteroposterior TTE, and the slow protocol 5 posterolateral TTE. Mean breaking forces were 3,126 ± 1,066 N for the lateral collateral ligament (LCL), 3,026 ± 1,308 N for the RH and 2,613 ± 1,120 N for the CP. Comparing mean breaking forces for all injured structures in a given elbow on the rapid protocol found a p-value of 0.033. Comparison of difference in breaking forces in the three structures (LCL, RH and CP) between the slow and rapid protocols found a mean difference of -4%. Mean relative forearm rotation with respect to the humerus before dislocation was 1.6 ± 1.2° in external rotation.

Conclusions

We create and validate an anatomic model of TTE by exerting axial compression on an elbow in 15° flexion and maximal pronation at speeds of 100 and 10 mm/min.
α-Synuclein pathology disrupts mitochondrial function in dopaminergic and cholinergic neurons at-risk in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Geibl Fanni F. , Henrich Martin T. , Xie Zhong , Zampese Enrico , Ueda Jun , Tkatch Tatiana , Wokosin David L. , Nasiri Elena , Grotmann Constantin A. , Dawson Valina L. , Dawson Ted M. , Chandel Navdeep S. , Oertel Wolfgang H. , Surmeier D. James
Published: October 2024

Background

Pathological accumulation of aggregated α-synuclein (aSYN) is a common feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the mechanisms by which intracellular aSYN pathology contributes to dysfunction and degeneration of neurons in the brain are still unclear. A potentially relevant target of aSYN is the mitochondrion. To test this hypothesis, genetic and physiological methods were used to monitor mitochondrial function in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopaminergic and pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) cholinergic neurons after stereotaxic injection of aSYN pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) into the mouse brain.

Methods

aSYN PFFs were stereotaxically injected into the SNc or PPN of mice. Twelve weeks later, mice were studied using a combination of approaches, including immunocytochemical analysis, cell-type specific transcriptomic profiling, electron microscopy, electrophysiology and two-photon-laser-scanning microscopy of genetically encoded sensors for bioenergetic and redox status.

Results

In addition to inducing a significant neuronal loss, SNc injection of PFFs induced the formation of intracellular, phosphorylated aSYN aggregates selectively in dopaminergic neurons. In these neurons, PFF-exposure decreased mitochondrial gene expression, reduced the number of mitochondria, increased oxidant stress, and profoundly disrupted mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production. Consistent with an aSYN-induced bioenergetic deficit, the autonomous spiking of dopaminergic neurons slowed or stopped. PFFs also up-regulated lysosomal gene expression and increased lysosomal abundance, leading to the formation of Lewy-like inclusions. Similar changes were observed in PPN cholinergic neurons following aSYN PFF exposure.

Conclusions

Taken together, our findings suggest that disruption of mitochondrial function, and the subsequent bioenergetic deficit, is a proximal step in the cascade of events induced by aSYN pathology leading to dysfunction and degeneration of neurons at-risk in PD.
Heparin-enriched plasma proteome is significantly altered in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Guo Qi , Ping Lingyan , Dammer Eric B. , Duong Duc M. , Yin Luming , Xu Kaiming , Shantaraman Anantharaman , Fox Edward J. , Golde Todd E , Johnson Erik C.B. , Roberts Blaine R. , Lah James J. , Levey Allan I. , Seyfried Nicholas T.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Heparin binding proteins (HBPs) with roles in extracellular matrix assembly are strongly correlated to β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, it remains challenging to detect these proteins in plasma using standard mass spectrometry-based proteomic approaches.

Methods

We employed heparin-affinity chromatography, followed by off-line fractionation and tandem mass tag mass spectrometry (TMT-MS), to enrich HBPs from plasma obtained from AD (n = 62) and control (n = 47) samples. These profiles were then correlated to Aβ, tau and phosphorylated tau (pTau) CSF biomarkers and plasma pTau181 from the same individuals, as well as a consensus brain proteome network to assess the overlap with AD brain pathophysiology.

Results

Heparin enrichment from plasma was highly reproducible, enriched well-known HBPs like APOE and thrombin, and depleted high-abundant proteins such as albumin. A total of 2865 proteins, spanning 10 orders of magnitude in abundance, were measured across 109 samples. Compared to the consensus AD brain protein co-expression network, we observed that specific plasma proteins exhibited consistent direction of change in both brain and plasma, whereas others displayed divergent changes, highlighting the complex interplay between the two compartments. Elevated proteins in AD plasma, when compared to controls, included members of the matrisome module in brain that accumulate with Aβ deposits, such as SMOC1, SMOC2, SPON1, MDK, OLFML3, FRZB, GPNMB, and the APOE4 proteoform. Additionally, heparin-enriched proteins in plasma demonstrated significant correlations with conventional AD CSF biomarkers, including Aβ, total tau, pTau, and plasma pTau181. A panel of five plasma proteins classified AD from control individuals with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.85. When combined with plasma pTau181, the panel significantly improved the classification performance of pTau181 alone, increasing the AUC from 0.93 to 0.98. This suggests that the heparin-enriched plasma proteome captures additional variance in cognitive dementia beyond what is explained by pTau181.

Conclusion

These findings support the utility of a heparin-affinity approach coupled with TMT-MS for enriching amyloid-associated proteins, as well as a wide spectrum of plasma biomarkers that reflect pathological changes in the AD brain.
Visualizing scRNA-Seq data at population scale with GloScope
Authors: Wang Hao , Torous William , Gong Boying , Purdom Elizabeth
Published: October 2024

Increasingly, scRNA-Seq studies explore cell populations across different samples and the effect of sample heterogeneity on organism’s phenotype. However, relatively few bioinformatic methods have been developed which adequately address the variation between samples for such population-level analyses. We propose a framework for representing the entire single-cell profile of a sample, which we call a GloScope representation. We implement GloScope on scRNA-Seq datasets from study designs ranging from 12 to over 300 samples and demonstrate how GloScope allows researchers to perform essential bioinformatic tasks at the sample-level, in particular visualization and quality control assessment.
Effects and mechanisms of supramaximal high-intensity interval training on extrapulmonary manifestations in people with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD-HIIT): study protocol for a multi-centre, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jakobsson Johan , Burtin Chris , Hedlund Mattias , Boraxbekk Carl-Johan , Westman Jonas , Karalija Nina , Stål Per , Sandström Thomas , Ruttens David , Gosker Harry R. , De Brandt Jana , Nyberg André
Published: October 2024

Background

Beyond being a pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents with extrapulmonary manifestations including reduced cognitive, cardiovascular, and muscle function. While exercise training is the cornerstone in the non-pharmacological treatment of COPD, there is a need for new exercise training methods due to suboptimal adaptations when following traditional exercise guidelines, often applying moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). In people with COPD, short-duration high-intensity interval training (HIIT) holds the potential to induce a more optimal stimulus for training adaptations while circumventing the ventilatory burden often associated with MICT in people with COPD. We aim to determine the effects of supramaximal HIIT and MICT on extrapulmonary manifestations in people with COPD compared to matched healthy controls.

Methods

COPD-HIIT is a prospective, multi-centre, randomized, controlled trial with blinded assessors and data analysts, employing a parallel-group designed trial. In phase 1, we will investigate the effects and mechanisms of a 12-week intervention of supramaximal HIIT compared to MICT in people with COPD (n = 92) and matched healthy controls (n = 70). Participants will perform watt-based cycling two to three times weekly. In phase 2, we will determine how exercise training and inflammation impact the trajectories of neurodegeneration, in people with COPD, over 24 months. In addition to the 92 participants with COPD performing HIIT or MICT, a usual care group (n = 46) is included in phase 2. In both phases, the primary outcomes are a change from baseline in cognitive function, cardiorespiratory fitness, and muscle power. Key secondary outcomes include change from baseline exercise tolerance, brain structure, and function measured by MRI, neuroinflammation measured by PET/CT, systemic inflammation, and intramuscular adaptations. Feasibility of the interventions will be comprehensively investigated.

Discussion

The COPD-HIIT trial will determine the effects of supramaximal HIIT compared to MICT in people with COPD and healthy controls. We will provide evidence for a novel exercise modality that might overcome the barriers associated with MICT in people with COPD. We will also shed light on the impact of exercise at different intensities to reduce neurodegeneration. The goal of the COPD-HIIT trial is to improve the treatment of extrapulmonary manifestations of the disease.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT06068322. Prospectively registered on 2023-09-28.
Evaluation of urinary podocin and nephrin as markers of podocyturia in dogs with leishmaniosis
Authors: Pantaleo Valeria , Furlanello Tommaso , Carli Erika , Ventura Laura , Solano-Gallego Laia
Published: October 2024

Background

Renal disease is the main cause of death in canine leishmaniosis. Detection of an active glomerular injury is important to identify early renal damage and to prevent the development of chronic kidney disease. Podocyturia can indicate renal injury, and podocyte-associated molecules such as podocin and nephrin can be used to identify podocyturia. The purpose of the study was to evaluate urinary podocin and nephrin concentrations in dogs with leishmaniosis as markers of podocyturia.

Methods

A total of 35 healthy dogs and 37 dogs with leishmaniosis were enrolled in the study. Dogs with leishmaniosis were classified according to the staging of the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS). Urinary podocin and nephrin concentrations were measured in all dogs with a validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test and normalized to creatinine (uPoC and uNeC, respectively). The demographic, clinical, and laboratory data from both groups were analyzed and compared. Subsequently, the laboratory results were analyzed and compared according to IRIS staging in dogs in IRIS stage I and dogs in IRIS stage II + III + IV. The Pearson’s correlation test evaluated the relationship between urinary markers of podocyturia.

Results

Compared with healthy dogs, lower urinary podocin [median values (IQR): 15.10 (11.75–17.87) ng/ml versus 8.63 (7.08–13.56) ng/ml; P < 0.01] and nephrin [median values (IQR): 3.2 (3.62–5.43) ng/ml versus 2.67 (2.06–3.44) ng/ml; P < 0.01] were found in infected sick dogs. No significant differences were observed in the uPoC and uNeC between the two groups. Urinary nephrin and podocin concentrations were higher in healthy dogs and in dogs in IRIS stage I (both P < 0.05) compared with dogs in IRIS stages II + III + IV. No significant differences were found for uPoC and uNeC between healthy dogs and dogs with leishmaniosis in different IRIS clinical stages.

Conclusions

Dogs with leishmaniosis had a low concentration of podocin and nephrin in more advanced IRIS clinical stages, when kidney disease was more severe compared with healthy dogs and dogs in IRIS stage I with mild disease. Urinary nephrin was detectable for the first time in healthy non-infected dogs.

Graphical Abstract
Data-driven room acoustic modeling via differentiable feedback delay networks with learnable delay lines
Authors: Mezza Alessandro Ilic , Giampiccolo Riccardo , De Sena Enzo , Bernardini Alberto
Published: October 2024

Over the past few decades, extensive research has been devoted to the design of artificial reverberation algorithms aimed at emulating the room acoustics of physical environments. Despite significant advancements, automatic parameter tuning of delay-network models remains an open challenge. We introduce a novel method for finding the parameters of a feedback delay network (FDN) such that its output renders target attributes of a measured room impulse response. The proposed approach involves the implementation of a differentiable FDN with trainable delay lines, which, for the first time, allows us to simultaneously learn each and every delay-network parameter via backpropagation. The iterative optimization process seeks to minimize a perceptually motivated time-domain loss function incorporating differentiable terms accounting for energy decay and echo density. Through experimental validation, we show that the proposed method yields time-invariant frequency-independent FDNs capable of closely matching the desired acoustical characteristics and outperforms existing methods based on genetic algorithms and analytical FDN design.
The state of hand rub dispensers in healthcare settings – a multicenter assessment in 19 German healthcare facilities
Authors: Herzer Christiane , Berg Torsten , Hegemann Christine , Gebhardt Tobias , Niesalla Heide , Senges Christoph
Published: October 2024

Background

Hand hygiene is one of the most important hygiene measures to prevent healthcare-associated infections. Well-functioning hand rub dispensers are the foundation of hand hygiene but are often overlooked in research. As the point of origin for hand hygiene, dispensers not only promote compliance through ease of use, but also strongly influence the amount of hand rub used per disinfection. This work investigates how dispenser types and conditions affect dispensed volumes and usability.

Methods

Data from 5,014 wall-mounted or point-of-care dispensers was collected from 19 German healthcare facilities during installation of an electronic hand hygiene monitoring system, including dispenser type and dispensed hand rub volumes. Of these dispensers, 56.2% were metal dispensers, and the majority (89.5%) were wall-mounted. For one hospital, 946 wall-mounted dispensers were analyzed in detail regarding pump material, damages, functionality, cleanliness, and filling levels.

Results

Dispensed volumes varied across and within dispenser types, ranging from 0.4 mL to 4.4 mL per full actuation, with the largest volumes generally dispensed by plastic dispensers with a preset of 1.0 to 3.0 mL per actuation. In general, most dispensers dispense more hand rub per full actuation than specified by the manufacturer. When different types of dispensers are used within a healthcare facility, vastly different volumes can be dispensed, making reliable and reproducible disinfection difficult for healthcare workers. In the detailed analysis of 946 dispensers, 27.1% had cosmetic defects, reduced performance, or were unusable, with empty disinfectant being the most common reason. Only 19.7% of working dispensers delivered their maximum volume on the first full actuation.

Conclusion

Even though several studies addressed the variability in dispensed volumes of hand hygiene dispensers, studies dealing with dispenser types and functionality are lacking, promoting the common but false assumption that different dispensers may be equivalent and interchangeable. Variability in dispensed volumes, coupled with frequent dispenser defects and maintenance issues, can be a major barrier to hand hygiene compliance. To support healthcare workers, more attention should be paid to ‘dispenser compliance’, selecting dispensers with similar volume ranges and proper maintenance.
A prediction of mutations in infectious viruses using artificial intelligence
Authors: Choi Won Jong , Park Jongkeun , Seong Do Young , Chung Dae Sun , Hong Dongwan
Published: October 2024

Many subtypes of SARS-CoV-2 have emerged since its early stages, with mutations showing regional and racial differences. These mutations significantly affected the infectivity and severity of the virus. This study aimed to predict the mutations that occur during the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and identify the key characteristics for making these predictions. We collected and organized data on the lineage, date, clade, and mutations of SARS-CoV-2 from publicly available databases and processed them to predict the mutations. In addition, we utilized various artificial intelligence models to predict newly emerging mutations and created various training sets based on clade information. Using only mutation information resulted in low performance of the learning models, whereas incorporating clade differentiation resulted in high performance in machine learning models, including XGBoost (accuracy: 0.999). However, mutations fixed in the receptor-binding motif (RBM) region of Omicron resulted in decreased predictive performance. Using these models, we predicted potential mutation positions for 24C, following the recently emerged 24A and 24B clades. We identified a mutation at position Q493 in the RBM region. Our study developed effective artificial intelligence models and characteristics for predicting new mutations in continuously evolving infectious viruses.
3D airborne electromagnetic forward modeling based on the multiscale hexahedral finite-element method
Authors: Qu Kelin , Zhang Bo , Yin Changchun , Su Yang , Ren Xiuyan , Liu Yunhe
Published: October 2024

Slow forward modeling is the main factor that restricts the practical use of 3D inversion and interpretation of airborne electromagnetic (AEM) data. To improve modeling efficiency with 3D AEM data, we develop a new multiscale finite element (MsFE) method based on unstructured hexahedral meshes. Compared to traditional 3D AEM forward modeling, the main advantage of our newly developed method is that it can simulate complex underground structures in the earth quickly. Because we can fit the earth’s topography or the anomalous bodies underground using a small number of hexahedral grids, we can quickly model them using MsFE. The main idea of the MsFE forward-modeling method is to construct an interpolation operator between a coarse and a dense mesh and use the interpolation operator to map the conventional finite-element coefficient matrix to the MsFE coefficient matrix and thus reduce the number of unknowns in the modeling process. This will vastly reduce the scale of the linear equations system. We validate our method by simulating a typical mountain peak model and determine its effectiveness by simulating numerous synthetic models and a model from Voisey Bay’s Ovoid sulfide deposit, Canada.
Bridging early life trauma to difficult-to-treat depression: scoping review
Authors: Paganin Walter , Signorini Sabrina , Sciarretta Antonio
Published: October 2024

Aims and method

Accumulating evidence suggests that early life trauma (ELT) initiates and perpetuates a cycle of depression, leading to challenges in management and achieving remission. This scoping review aimed to examine the intricate relationship between ELT and difficult-to-treat depression (DTD). An extensive literature search from 1 January 2013 to 21 October 2023 was conducted using the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO and OpenGrey.

Results

Our review identified scientific literature illustrating the multifaceted link between ELT and DTD, highlighting the dual impact of ELT on therapeutic resistance and clinical complexity.

Clinical implications

This complexity hampers management of patients with DTD, who are characterised by limited pharmacological responsiveness and heightened relapse risk. While exploring the ELT–DTD nexus, the review revealed a paucity of literature on the impact of ELT within DTD. Findings underscore the profound link between ELT and DTD, which is essential for comprehensive understanding and effective management. Tailoring treatments to address ELT could enhance therapeutic outcomes for patients with DTD. Future studies should use larger samples and well-defined diagnostic criteria and explore varied therapeutic approaches.
Controversies in trauma- and stress-related disorders
Authors: Maercker Andreas , Brewin Chris R
Published: October 2024

The release of ICD-11 has resulted in an expansion of diagnostic entities for trauma- and stress-related disorders. This resulted, at least temporarily, in discrepancies with the DSM-5. This situation is outlined and a look is taken at the potential diagnosis of ‘continuous traumatic stress reaction’.
Maternal mental disorders and neonatal outcomes: Danish population-based cohort study
Authors: Momen Natalie C. , Chatwin Hannah , Holde Katrine , Liu Xiaoqin , Munk-Olsen Trine , Madsen Kathrine Bang , Petersen Liselotte Vogdrup
Published: October 2024

Background

Previous studies have indicated associations between maternal mental disorders and adverse birth outcomes; however, these studies mainly focus on certain types of mental disorders, rather than the whole spectrum.

Aims

We aimed to conduct a broad study examining all maternal mental disorder types and adverse neonatal outcomes which is needed to provide a more complete understanding of the associations.

Method

We included 1 132 757 liveborn singletons born between 1997 and 2015 in Denmark. We compared children of mothers with a past (>2 years prior to conception; n = 48 646), recent (2 years prior to conception and during pregnancy; n = 15 899) or persistent (both past and recent; n = 10 905) diagnosis of any mental disorder, with children of mothers with no mental disorder diagnosis before the index delivery (n = 1 057 307). We also considered different types of mental disorders. We calculated odds ratios and 95% CIs of low birthweight, preterm birth, small for gestational age, low Apgar score, Caesarean delivery and neonatal death.

Results

Odds ratios for children exposed to past, recent and persistent maternal mental disorders suggested an increased risk for almost all adverse neonatal outcomes. Estimates were highest for children in the ‘persistent’ group for all outcomes, with the exception of the association between persistent maternal mental disorders and neonatal death (odds ratio 0.96, 0.62–1.48).

Conclusions

Our study provides evidence for increased risk of multiple adverse neonatal outcomes among children of mothers with mental disorders, highlighting the need for close monitoring and support for women with mental disorders.
Coherence as maximal imaginarity generated by incoherent operations
Authors: Zhang Linshuai , Li Nan
Published: October 2024

Since both coherence and imaginarity have proven to be fundamental resources in quantum information processing and their definitions are both relative to a given basis, it is natural to investigate the conversion between them. In this work, we prove that a quantum state can be transformed into a state with nonvanishing imaginarity resource by incoherent operations if and only if it has nonvanishing coherence resource. On the other hand, we demonstrate that a quantum state can be transformed into a state with vanishing coherence resource by orthogonal operations if and only if it has vanishing imaginarity resource. Based on these results, we show that for any imaginarity measure, a corresponding coherence measure can be defined as the maximal amount of imaginarity generated by incoherent operations, and that for any coherence quantifier, a corresponding imaginarity quantifier can be defined as the minimal coherence generated by orthogonal operations.
Perioperative Complications and In-Hospital Mortality in Paraplegic Radical Cystectomy Patients
Authors: Di Bello Francesco , Siech Carolin , de Angelis Mario , Rodriguez Peñaranda Natali , Tian Zhe , Goyal Jordan A. , Collà Ruvolo Claudia , Califano Gianluigi , Creta Massimiliano , Saad Fred , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Briganti Alberto , Chun Felix K. H. , Micali Salvatore , Longo Nicola , Karakiewicz Pierre I.
Published: October 2024

Objective

The aim of this study was to test for the association between paraplegia and perioperative complications as well as in-hospital mortality after radical cystectomy (RC) for non-metastatic bladder cancer.

Methods

Perioperative complications and in-hospital mortality were tabulated in RC patients with or without paraplegia in the National Inpatient Sample (2000–2019).

Results

Of 25,527 RC patients, 185 (0.7%) were paraplegic. Paraplegic RC patients were younger (≤70 years of age; 75 vs. 53%), more frequently female (28 vs. 19%), and more frequently harbored Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥3 (56 vs. 18%). Of paraplegic vs. non-paraplegic RC patients, 141 versus 15,112 (76 vs. 60%) experienced overall complications, 38 versus 2794 (21 vs. 11%) pulmonary complications, 36 versus 3525 (19 vs. 14%) genitourinary complications, 33 versus 3087 (18 vs. 12%) intraoperative complications, 21 versus 1035 (11 vs. 4%) infections, and 17 versus 1343 (9 vs. 5%) wound complications, while 62 versus 6267 (34 vs. 25%) received blood transfusions, 47 versus 3044 (25 vs. 12%) received critical care therapy (CCT), and intrahospital mortality was recorded in 13 versus 456 (7.0 vs. 1.8%) patients. In multivariable logistic regression models, paraplegic status independently predicted higher overall CCT use (odds ratio [OR] 2.1, p < 0.001) as well as fourfold higher in-hospital mortality (p < 0.001), higher infection rate (OR 2.5, p < 0.001), higher blood transfusion rate (OR 1.45, p = 0.009), and higher intraoperative (OR 1.56, p = 0.02), wound (OR 1.89, p = 0.01), and pulmonary (OR 1.72, p = 0.004) complication rates.

Conclusion

Paraplegic patients contemplating RC should be counseled about fourfold higher risk of in-hospital mortality and higher rates of other untoward effects.
Impact of Usher syndrome on athletic performance - navigating silence and darkness
Authors: Rosiński Mateusz , Rosińska Kamila , Łojewska Julia Natalia , Janicka Ewelina Justyna , Perko Agnieszka , Niedźwiedzka Monika , Bochenek Oliwia , Andrzejczyk Agata
Published: October 2024

Usher syndrome (USH) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder and a leading cause of simultaneous hearing and vision loss. The aim of this paper is to provide a detailed review of Usher syndrome, including its pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnostic methods, the role of sport in the lives of athletes and sportspeople with Usher syndrome and available therapeutic options. Understanding this disease is crucial for early detection and the implementation of appropriate therapeutic interventions. Currently, Usher syndrome is classified into three main types (I, II, and III), differentiated by the degree and progression of hearing and vision loss. Type I is characterized by profound congenital deafness and early-onset retinitis pigmentosa. Type II presents with moderate to severe hearing loss and later onset of visual problems. Type III is the rarest, with progressive hearing and vision loss that occurs later in life. The genetic basis of Usher syndrome is linked to mutations in various genes that affect proteins essential for the proper functioning of the inner ear and retina. Early diagnosis and an interdisciplinary approach to treatment are key to improving the quality of life for those affected by this disease. Ongoing research into the genetic mechanisms and potential therapies offers hope for future successful treatments.
Changes in the Treatment and Prevention of Heart Failure Based on the 2023 Focused Update of the 2021 European Society of Cardiology Guidelines
Authors: Skotnicka Joanna , Błaszczak Karolina , Witkowska Maria , Turek Monika , Witkowski Maciej , Ślósarz Tymoteusz , Krupa Paulina , Kaczorowski Rafal , Forenc Tomasz , Wojciechowska Klara
Published: October 2024

Introduction and Objective:The 2023 update to the 2021 ESC Guidelines for diagnosing and treating acute and chronic heart failure introduces significant changes in pharmacotherapy and prevention. Staying informed about these updates is crucial given the evolving landscape of heart failure management. This review provides an overview of the latest recommendations and supporting evidence.
Review Methods:A comprehensive review of scientific publications and guidelines from PubMed, Google Scholar, Clinical Key, Via Medica Journals, and relevant clinical guidelines was conducted to ensure the most recent evidence is considered.
Brief Description of the State of Knowledge:Heart failure is a growing global concern. The 2023 update highlights key management changes. Recent trials, including EMPEROR-Preserved and DELIVER, show empagliflozin and dapagliflozin reduce heart failure hospitalization and cardiovascular death in patients with mildly reduced and preserved ejection fraction. The guidelines now recommend intravenous iron for patients with reduced or mildly reduced ejection fraction and iron deficiency. For those with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease, SGLT2 inhibitors and finerenone, a non-steroidal mineralocorticoid antagonist, are recommended to reduce heart failure hospitalization and prevent renal function decline.
Summary:The 2023 ESC Guidelines update offers revised recommendations for heart failure management and prevention, integrating the latest clinical trial data and meta-analyses. Key areas include the use of SGLT2 inhibitors, iron deficiency management, and preventive strategies for high-risk populations. Implementing these guidelines can significantly improve preventive and therapeutic outcomes for heart failure patients.
ESPIRAL DA CONCEITUAÇÃO: UM ESTUDO SOBRE O CAMPO CONCEITUAL DAS FUNÇÕES AFIM E A PROGRAMAÇÃO DE COMPUTADORES
Authors:   Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Espíndola Lessa Valéria , Canabarro Teixeira Adriano ,   Universidade de Passo Fundo
Published: October 2024

Neste artigo apresentamos um estudo que objetivou investigar os processos de representação e de compreensão de invariantes operatórios do Campo Conceitual das Funções Afim de dois estudantes do Curso Técnico em Informática do IFRS, Campus Erechim, por meio da programação de computadores. O referencial teórico foi embasado na Teoria dos Campos Conceituais de Gérard Vergnaud e na Teoria Construcionista de Seymour Papert e colaboradores. Os dados da pesquisa foram produzidos mediante a realização, pelos estudantes, de situações sobre Funções Afim com o ambiente Scratch, associado ao método da observação interativa. Como resultados, a pesquisa apontou para a concretização e dinamização do conceito de taxa de variação constante, além de possibilitar a elaboração da Espiral da Conceituação.
Code and Data Repository for FrankWolfe.jl: A High-performance and Flexible Toolbox for Frank-Wolfe Algorithms and Conditional Gradients
Authors: Besançon Mathieu , Carderera Alejandro , Pokutta Sebastian
Published: October 2024

The software and data in this repository are a snapshot of the software and data that were used in the research reported on in the paper FrankWolfe.jl: a high-performance and flexible toolbox for Frank-Wolfe algorithms and Conditional Gradients by M. Besançon, A. Carderera, and S. Pokutta.
Code and Data Repository for Bi-fidelity Surrogate Modelling: Showcasing the Need for New Test Instances
Authors: Andrés-Thió Nicolau , Andrés Muñoz Mario , Smith-Miles Kate
Published: October 2024

The code implements Kriging and Co-Kriging as surrogate models. That is, the implementation generates a sample of a bi-fidelity function (a high fidelity sample and a low fidelity sample of specified size), and trains the chosen surrogate model, without the added functionality of choosing further samples. Both of these models are described in the appendix given in the appendix folder. Multiple literature test instances are implemented here, as well as a novel instance creation procedure which adds a disturbance to a high-fidelity function to create a low-fidelity function. In this implementation functions from the COCO test suite16 are used as the high fidelity functions. The performance of both Kriging and Co-Kriging is assessed by calculating the Relative Root Mean Squared Error (RRMSE) between the trained model and the high fidelity source.
Code and Data Repository for Stability Representations of Many-to-One Matching Problems: An Integer Optimization Approach
Authors: Wiratchotisatian Pitchaya , Atef Yekta Hoda , Trapp Andrew C.
Published: October 2024

WPI Datasets contain three datasets of the actual student-to-project center (SPC) matching at Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) across three academic years including 2017-2018, 2018-2019, and 2019-2020.
Code and Data Repository for A Peaceman-Rachford Splitting Method for the Protein Side-Chain Positioning Problem
Authors: Burkowski Forbes , Im Haesol , Wolkowicz Henry
Published: October 2024

This repository contains the MATLAB implemenation of the doubly nonnegative relaxation of the protein side-chain positioning problem. User Guide.pdf outlines the usage of 1) the preparation of the data; 2) the data folder and 3) the src folder.
The Daniel H. Wagner Prize for Excellence in the Practice of Advanced Analytics and Operations Research: Introduction to the 2023 Competition and Some History on the Prize’s 25th Anniversary
Authors: Cochran James J. , Browning William J. , Discenza Joseph H. , Greenland Arnie
Published: October 2024

The judges for the 2023 competition selected the three finalist papers featured in this special issue of the INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics (IJAA). The prestigious Wagner Prize—awarded for achievement in implemented operations research, management science, and advanced analytics—emphasizes the quality and originality of mathematical models along with clarity of written and oral exposition. This year’s winning submission describes the design and deployment of an approach to accommodate the assembly of semiconductor products using multidie packages, a powerful and innovative approach to manufacturing a wide range of strategically designed semiconductors. The authors refer to the problem as the sort-assemble-blend routing problem (SABR-P), and their approach to solving the SABR-P is a combination of genetic algorithms, Monte Carlo simulations, linear programming, and machine learning. The remaining papers describe an integrated approach to system-wide deployment of nurses that facilitates the movement of nurses between hospitals, and a multiple-stage process that consolidates parcels ordered by the same consumer from one or more merchants during the fulfillment process. In addition, we provide some historical perspective on the Daniel H. Wagner Prize for Excellence in the Practice of Advanced Analytics and Operations Research. We show the titles, abstracts, and names and affiliations for its recipients for each year in which the prize has been awarded. Finally, we provide links to the winning papers, which have been published by INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics (formerly Interfaces).

Supplemental Material: Full presentation videos with slides are available in the INFORMS Video Library at https://www.informs.org/Resource-Center/Video-Library and as electronic companions to the INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics articles.
Ownership as a Bundle of Rights: Antecedents of the Wedge Between Control and Cash-Flow Rights Within Firms
Authors: Obloj Tomasz , Sengul Metin
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we examine the antecedents of ownership rights within multiunit firms, focusing on the wedge between the control rights and cash-flow rights that parent companies hold over their subsidiaries. We argue that a key antecedent of a parent’s ownership rights in a subsidiary is the extent of the subsidiary’s interdependencies with the firm. Exploring two such interdependencies, we hypothesize that (1) the wedge between parents’ control and cash-flow rights is smaller for subsidiaries that are more closely related to the firm and (2) there is a U-shaped relationship between the extent of a firm’s multimarket contact in an industry and the wedge between parents’ control rights and cash-flow rights for subsidiaries that operate in that industry. We tested our predictions and found evidence supporting the first hypothesis and mixed results for the second in a sample of subsidiaries newly added to French manufacturing firms through acquisitions or de novo creations. In supplementary analyses, we also found that a subsidiary’s interdependencies are also associated with its hierarchical position within the firm’s formal authority structure.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/stsc.2022.0114 .
Turfe, famílias de elite e negócios no Recife oitocentista
Authors: Lindemaier da Rosa Thiago
Published: October 2024

O presente estudo tem com proposta analisar como as famílias de elite de Recife utilizaram o turfe como uma forma de diversificar os seus empreendimentos frente a uma conjuntura de incertezas, levando em consideração uma série de proibições que iam de encontro com a conjuntura escravista – um dos seus mercados mais rentáveis –, tal como a proibição do tráfico transatlântico (1850), a lei do ventre livre (1871) e, por fim, a abolição da escravidão (1888). Neste sentido, viso observar como esses agentes criaram uma rede de apoio social e financeiro, visto que em 1850 foi instalada a primeira instituição turfística e nos anos finais da década de 1880 foram inaugurados três clubes que dinamizaram a vida social e econômica da capital da província de Pernambuco ao longo dos oitocentos. Nestas circunstâncias, analisar o turfe através destes paradigmas possibilita entender as relações sociais e econômicas dos agentes que estavam inseridos nos clubes de prática equestre na capital da província de Pernambuco.
tramas do crédito:
Authors: Pereira dos Santos Fernanda Carolina
Published: October 2024

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a atuação dos homens de negócio do sul de Sergipe. Para isso, foram analisados 419 inventários post mortem abertos em Estância entre 1800 e 1849. As mais de três mil dívidas listadas foram minuciosamente examinadas para identificar os perfis dos devedores e credores, além do volume financeiro envolvido nas transações. Por último, foram delineadas as principais características patrimoniais e a extensão das atividades comerciais por meio de uma comparação entre os negociantes de Salvador e os de Estância. O perfil dos negociantes revelou a formação de dois campos comerciais distintos, mas interligados. Nesse contexto, os comerciantes de Estância desempenhavam um papel fundamental tanto na intermediação comercial quanto no abastecimento do sul de Sergipe e das áreas adjacentes da Bahia.
Dental Resorption. From Diagnosis to Management: An Update for the GDP
Authors: Walker Lucy , Pandya Jay-Krishan , Fletcher Steven
Published: October 2024

Dental resorption is a physiological or pathological process that may be initiated and propagated by various mechanisms, including mechanical, surgical, thermal or chemical injury. It refers to non-bacterial destruction of dental tissue resulting from clastic cell activity. It is predominantly asymptomatic in the permanent dentition and may be misdiagnosed and/or poorly understood. This article describes the different types of dental resorption, the features of each and a guide on how to manage them. Some interesting cases are also highlighted.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: It is important to understand, identify and diagnose different types of resorption.
Enhancing best practice
Authors: Guscott Sarah
Published: October 2024

In the last article in this series, Sarah Guscott, Higher Education Practice tutor and lecturer at University Centre Peterborough, shares more about the key findings from her research and offers proactive strategies to enhance early years practice.
Study of Coupling Constants of Gravitational Waves Using String Theory
Authors: Kumar M , Sahoo B , Sahoo S
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we study the coupling constants of quantized gravitational waves during its scattering and absorption by the black hole in string theory. In string theory, the quantized gravitational waves are closed strings of Planck size which are usually graviton particles in quantum gravity having spin 2. The coupling constants calculated in this paper in terms of winding number of the closed string have been found to form a particular sequence and have shown that they are cyclic vectors. We have calculated various sequences of the coupling constants of gravitational waves which come under the area of metric spaces. We have used the concepts of both T-duality and S-duality in order to explain both scattering and absorption of gravitational waves by the black hole.