bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mixed Ligand Complexes of Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ Ions Containing N-(4-methoxybenzylidene)isonicotinohydrazone Schiff Base and 1,10-Phenanthroline : Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties
Authors: Ashrafuzzaman Md. , Camellia Farzana Khanm , Hossain Md. Delwar , Shovon Md. Golam Mostafiz , Rahman Hafizur , Hossain Md. Tanvir , Rahman Md. Hafijur , Kudrat-E-Zahan Md. , Haque Md. Masuqul
Published: October 2023

N-(4-methoxybenzylidene) isonicotinohydrazone (L1) Schiff base ligand was prepared by the condensation reaction of isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) and 4-methoxybenzaldehyde. A series of metal complexes of Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+  ions was synthesized with Schiff base ligand (primary ligand, L1) and 1, 10-phenanthroline (L2) as a secondary ligand in stoichiometry ratio (1:1:1). Moreover, the synthesized ligand and its complexes have been characterized by analytical and physical properties, conductivity, magnetic susceptibility measurements, FTIR-spectra, and UV-Visible spectra. Conductivity measurements indicated that all complexes were 1:2 electrolytic in nature. IR spectra recommended that the oxygen of the carbonyl group (=CO) and nitrogen of the azomethine group (-C=N) were coordinated with metal ions. The confirmation of a square planar structure for Ni2+ and Cu2+ complexes, as well as a tetrahedral structure for the Zn2+ ion complex, was supported by their respective magnetic moment values and UV-Visible spectra. The antimicrobial activity of the metal complexes formed by L1 and L2 was evaluated against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas sp. The metal complexes formed by the combination of L1 and L2 were subjected to testing against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas sp. The Zn(II) complex exhibited superior antibacterial activity compared to the reference drug Kanamycin-30 against both bacterial strains in the tested compounds. In addition, the synthesised metal complexes demonstrated a comparatively moderate level of antioxidant activity when compared to the Schiff base. The Cu2+-complex exhibited the highest level of activity, while the Zn2+ -complex demonstrated the lowest antioxidant activity, which was comparable to that of BHT.
Virulence of Native Isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) against Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Western Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Shanker Ravi , Singh Rajendra , Prajapati Malayaj R. , Singh Reetesh Pratap , Patel Aditya , Singh Omkar
Published: October 2023

The chickpea pod borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a destructive pest of chickpeas that is difficult to control using conventional methods. We isolated and evaluated the virulence of five isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae against larvae of H. armigera. All isolates of M. anisopliae, SVPUAT 1, SVPUAT 2, SVPUAT 3, SVPUAT 4, and SVPUAT 5, were most effective against the second instar H. armigera at 2 ×108 conidia/ml. Among all isolates, SVPUAT 1 Accession no. ON183248 had the highest virulence 100% mortality, whereas LT50 and LT90 were 3.16 and 5.16 days.
Opportunities for Entrepreneurship in Waste Management: Need for Collaborative Approach under NEP
Authors: Gudadur Krishna , Dolli S. S. , Sudhakar S. K.
Published: October 2023

Due to the high demand for food and meat for the world's growing population, the agricultural sector is expanding every year. It is estimated India generates around 500 Mt of crop residue annually. Timely and effective treatment is of utmost importance to utilize organic matter in agricultural waste and avoid environmental pollution. This not only reduces the environmental effects but provides entrepreneurships opportunities to the students. The New Education Policy (NEP) emprises on skilling and entrepreneurships developments Agriculture waste management can be one of the area for skilling to covert waste into wealth. This review of the developments in this area revealed that agriculture waste can be utilised for mushroom cultivation, pig farming vermicomposting and many more. Indian council of Agriculture Research(ICAR) initiations have developed waste management technologies that includes  bio char from agricultural waste material, soil less planting media using sugar industry residue, foliar spray from fish waste etc .There is need to establish collaboration  for joint research, compilation of the technology to reach large number of stake holders. There is need to design one year course under degree programme that enable students to specialise and get diploma or certificate to become entrepreneur. The paper discusses opportunities for collaboration and strategies for effective implementation of Agriculture waste management through entrepreneurship development
Impact of Mission Kakatiya on Area under Tank Irrigation in Southern Telangana Zone, India
Authors: Latha K. Naga , Chary D. Srinivasa , Supriya Kallakuri , Sreekanth P. D. , Yamini Tadepalli
Published: October 2023

Aim: The study was done with an aim to find out whether there is any shift in major crops in Southern Telangana Zone with respect to area, production and yield due to the restoration of tanks with the Mission Kakatiya program and to study the growth in tank irrigated area.

Data Description: Time series data of 15 years from 2005-10 to 2015-20 which consists of area, production and yield of major crops (Paddy, Maize, Cotton and Groundnut) and area under tank irrigation in Southern Telangana Zone were utilized for the study and was collected from Statistical Year Books published by Directorate of Economics and Statistics.

Methodology: Analysis was done with the help of analysis platforms like SPSS and Excel using statistical tools which include linear and compound growth rates.

Results: Results revealed that there was a considerable and significant growth observed in area under tank irrigation (29.69%) in Southern Telangana Zone after Mission Kakatiya. With the increase in tank irrigated area, this zone showed a shift towards irrigated and commercial crops like Paddy, Cotton and Maize from the rainfed crops.

Conclusion: During the period before Mission Kakatiya there was a negative growth observed in tank irrigated area whereas both the growth rates have turned to positive in the period after implementation of Mission Kakatiya. This study concluded that there is a positive impact on crop characteristics in this zone due to Mission Kakatiya program. As a whole Mission Kakatiya is one of the outstanding projects whose achievements are incomparable and is a blessing for the farmers of Telangana State.
Effect of Sewage on Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil in Unnao District (U.P.), India
Authors: Soni Arpita , Kumar Anil , Kumar Abhishek , Sachan Ravindra , Ashish Ram , Verma Anupama
Published: October 2023

This study was conducted during 2021-22 considering various vegetable growing farmers in Unnao District (U.P.), India to find out the effect of using sewage as the only source of irrigation to their crops. In this study, 250 surface soil samples collected from farmer’s field were analyzed for Physical as well as Chemical parameters. The physical properties of soils improved due to sewage application; Bulk density ranged from 1.04 to 1.42 Mg m-3 and particle density ranged between 2.61 to 2.88 Mg m-3 and Porosity ranged between 53.4 to 61.85 with mean of 56.87 percent. Chemical Parameters such as pH, E.C., O.C., Available N, P & K were also analyzed and the results indicated that soils had a mean normal pH of 7.2, E.C. of 0.76 dSm-1, O.C. of 56.80. Available nitrogen ranged from 565 – 1217 kg ha-1 with mean of 879.56 kg ha-1.The Phosphorus availability was found ranging from 14.40 – 33.5 kg ha-1 with a mean of 23.98 kg ha-1, while Potassium was found with a mean of 205.30 kg ha-1 in range of 174 – 235 kg ha-1.
Seasonal Incidence and Population Dynamics of Aulacophora foveicollis on Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria M.) and Their Correlation with Abiotic Factors
Authors: Singh Shubham , Chandra Umesh , Rajak Ravi Kumar , Mansion Heenashree , Singh Sanju , Thakur Shobharam , Katara Vijay Kumar , Dwarka
Published: October 2023

The present Investigation carried out at Students’ Instructional Farm, A. N. D. U. A. & T., Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) during Zaid, 2022. Red pumpkin beetle was first recorded during incidence initiated in the 7th SMW (3rd week of February) with a mean population 1.4 beetles per five plants which reached its peak to maximum (21.20 beetles/five plants) during 14th SMW (1st week of April). There was a weakly positive association between the red pumpkin beetle population and the minimum and maximum temperature (0.067 & 0.40), maximum rainfall and relative humidity displayed an insignificant inverse relationship (-0.467 & -0.129) while significant negative correlation with minimum relative humidity (-0.506*).
Determination of Antimicrobial Properties of Raw and Commercial Honey against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Jannat Jarin , Islam Sadia , Rahman Md. Ashiqur , Ali Md. Sujon , Rahaman Shohanur , Islam Md. Nazmul , Sakib K. M. Rashidul Islam
Published: October 2023

Background: In contrast to antibiotics, honey has strong antibacterial characteristics, a broad spectrum of action, no side effects, is non-toxic, and has no issues like building resistance. This study aimed to find out the antimicrobial properties of raw and commercial honey against Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and ATCC Staphylococcus aureus.

Methodology: Four different types of raw honey were collected from different flowers. Three different commercial honey samples were also collected from nearby grocery shops. Five Staphylococcus aureus samples were cultured in Mueller Hinton agar which was collected from the microbiology laboratory of BIHS General hospital. Then agar well diffusion method was carried out to determine the antimicrobial properties of raw and commercial honey.

Results: The presence of antimicrobial activity is indicated by the absence of bacterial growth directly below the test sample. From this study we can see an inhibition zone around the honey well. The zone was not clear but from that we get to know that honey can prevent Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and the ATCC strain of it.

Conclusion: The present investigation shows that bioactive constituents from raw and commercial honey have antimicrobial activity against Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and ATCC Staphylococcus aureus, however, this can be further explored as an alternative anti-staphylococcal agent.
Developing a Synthesis Process for Large‐Scale h‐BN Nanosheets Using Magnetron Sputtering and Heat Annealing
Authors: Hirata Yuki , Yoshii Kanta , Yoshizato Mikito , Akasaka Hiroki , Ohtake Naoto
Published: October 2023

Hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) is an extensively investigated 2D material with exceptional quantum effects, which renders it promising for use in next‐generation nanoelectronic devices. However, the synthesis of single‐ or few‐layer h‐BN nanosheets with large‐area single‐crystal structures is extremely challenging. In this article, a new method is presented for synthesizing h‐BN on a Cu substrate via magnetron sputtering and heat annealing. Three samples with different radio‐frequency (RF) power levels are prepared to evaluate the effect of RF power on h‐BN nanosheet synthesis. Under a higher RF power, the B‐to‐N bonding ratio is closer to 1:1 and further reduces the full width at half maximum of X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopy B1s and N1s narrow spectra. Heating at 1000 °C reveals white domains with 60° facets, which may correspond to the hexagonal honeycomb lattice structure of h‐BN. Cross‐sectional observations show that a layered structure comprising 10–20 layers forms along the Cu interface. The elemental composition ratio and bonding states reveal the presence of equal amounts of N and B as well as a single peak derived from the B–N bond. Meanwhile, the E2g mode of h‐BN's six‐membered ring structure is indicated at 1364.6 cm−1, thus demonstrating the successful synthesis of an h‐BN film.
Inspiring New Science to Guide Healthcare in Turner Syndrome: Rationale, design, and methods for the InsighTS Registry
Authors: Kanakatti Shankar Roopa , Carl Alexandra , Law Jennifer R. , Bamba Vaneeta , Brickman Wendy J. , Prakash Siddharth K. , Dowlut McElroy Tazim , Howell Susan , Gutmark Little Iris , Klein Karen O. , Pinnaro Catherina T. , Ranallo Kelly , Good Marybel , Davis Shanlee M.
Published: October 2023

Inspiring New Science to Guide Healthcare in Turner Syndrome (InsighTS) Registry is a national, multicenter registry for individuals with Turner syndrome (TS) designed to collect and store validated longitudinal clinical data from a diverse cohort of patients with TS. Herein, we describe the rationale, design, and approach used to develop the InsighTS registry, as well as the demographics of the initial participants to illustrate the registry's diversity and future utility. Multiple stakeholder groups have been involved from project conceptualization through dissemination, ensuring the registry serves the priorities of the TS community. Key features of InsighTS include recruitment strategies to facilitate enrollment of participants that appropriately reflect the population of individuals with TS receiving care in the US, clarity of data ownership and sharing, and sustainability of this resource. The registry gathers clinical data on diagnosis, treatment, comorbidities, health care utilization, clinical practices, and quality of life with the goal of improving health outcomes for this population. Future directions include multiple patient‐centered clinical‐translational research projects that will use the InsighTS platform. This thorough and thoughtful planning will ensure InsighTS is a valuable and sustainable resource for the TS community for decades to come.
An elucidation of symmetric supercapacitor with crustacean‐based polymer blend electrolyte
Authors: Aziz M. F. , Shamsuri N. A. , Hamsan M. H. , Yusof Y. M. , Azam M. A. , Aziz Shujahadeen B. , Rusdi H. , Kadir M. F. Z. , Shukur M. F.
Published: October 2023

Searching for alternative materials that have biodegradable properties is one of the efforts to increase knowledge and green technology that contributes to the reduction of waste produced from electronics. A biodegradable biopolymer electrolyte system based on polyvinyl alcohol‐chitosan blend is prepared using an easy and affordable method called solution cast technique. Lithium acetate (LiOAc) and ethylene carbonate (EC) are incorporated as charge carrier and plasticizing agent. The plasticization effect of EC concentrations on physical structure has been investigated and reported. The real and imaginary parts of dielectric permittivity confirmed that the highest dielectric constant and loss values are recorded at low‐frequencies regions. A disruption in the crystalline region of the film can be observed with the existence of LiOAc and EC. The inclusion of EC promotes the ions dissociation thus enhanced the amorphous region of the electrolytes which is beneficial for ionic conduction. Linear sweep voltammetry analysis revealed that the highest conducting electrolyte is electrochemically stable up to 1.82 V. No redox peaks are shown in the cyclic voltammetry of the fabricated supercapacitor. The supercapacitor showed a great performance with average specific capacitance of 130 F g−1.
Hands off, brain off? A meta‐analysis of neuroimaging data during active and passive driving
Authors: Jordan Navarro , Emanuelle Reynaud
Published: October 2023

Background

Car driving is more and more automated, to such an extent that driving without active steering control is becoming a reality. Although active driving requires the use of visual information to guide actions (i.e., steering the vehicle), passive driving only requires looking at the driving scene without any need to act (i.e., the human is passively driven).

Materials & Methods

After a careful search of the scientific literature, 11 different studies, providing 17 contrasts, were used to run a comprehensive meta‐analysis contrasting active driving with passive driving.

Results

Two brain regions were recruited more consistently for active driving compared to passive driving, the left precentral gyrus (BA3 and BA4) and the left postcentral gyrus (BA4 and BA3/40), whereas a set of brain regions was recruited more consistently in passive driving compared to active driving: the left middle frontal gyrus (BA6), the right anterior lobe and the left posterior lobe of the cerebellum, the right sub‐lobar thalamus, the right anterior prefrontal cortex (BA10), the right inferior occipital gyrus (BA17/18/19), the right inferior temporal gyrus (BA37), and the left cuneus (BA17).

Discussion

From a theoretical perspective, these findings support the idea that the output requirement of the visual scanning process engaged for the same activity can trigger different cerebral pathways, associated with different cognitive processes. A dorsal stream dominance was found during active driving, whereas a ventral stream dominance was obtained during passive driving. From a practical perspective, and contrary to the dominant position in the Human Factors community, our findings support the idea that a transition from passive to active driving would remain challenging as passive and active driving engage distinct neural networks.
Relationship between preoperative neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and postoperative delirium: The PNDABLE and the PNDRFAP cohort studies
Authors: Wu Xiaoyue , Chi Feifei , Wang Bin , Liu Siyu , Wang Fei , Wang Jiahan , Tang Xinhui , Bi Yanlin , Lin Xu , Li Jun
Published: October 2023

Objectives

In this study, the relationship between preoperative neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and Alzheimer‐related biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was investigated to determine whether high NLR is a potential risk factor for postoperative delirium (POD) and to evaluate its predictive efficacy.

Methods

We selected 1000 patients from the perioperative neurocognitive disorder risk factor and prognosis (PNDRFAP) database and 999 patients from the perioperative neurocognitive disorder and biomarker lifestyle (PNDABLE) database. Patients in the PNDABLE database have been measured for Alzheimer‐related biomarkers in CSF (Aβ40, Aβ42, P‐tau, and tau protein). Mini‐mental state examination was used to assess the preoperative mental status of patients. POD was diagnosed using the confusion assessment method and assessed for severity using the memorial delirium assessment scale. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to explore the association of preoperative NLR with POD. What's more, we also performed sensitivity analysis by adding corrected confounders, and the results were almost unchanged. Spearman's rank correlation was used to determine the associations between NLR and Alzheimer‐related biomarkers. Mediation analyses with 10,000 bootstrapped iterations were used to explore the mediation effects. Finally, we use decision curves and the nomogram model to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative NLR in predicting POD; we also performed external validation using data from Qilu Hospital.

Result

Logistic regression results showed that an elevated preoperative NLR was a risk factor for the development of POD in patients (PNDRFAP: OR = 1.067, 95% CI 1.020–1.116; PNDABLE: OR = 1.182, 95% CI 1.048–1.335, p < .05). Spearman's rank correlation analysis showed a positive but weak correlation between NLR and P‐tau/T‐tau (R = .065). The mediating effect results indicate that NLR likely mediates the occurrence of POD through elevated tau protein levels (proportion: 47.47%). The results of the box plots showed statistically significant NLR and CSF biomarkers between the POD and non‐POD (NPOD) groups (p < .05), with higher NLR, P‐tau, and T‐tau in the POD group than in the NPOD group. In contrast, the NPOD group had higher Aβ42 levels compared to the POD group. In addition, we used R package to plot the decision curve and nomogram both suggesting a good predictive effect of preoperative NLR on the occurrence of POD.

Conclusion

Elevated preoperative NLR levels may be a risk factor for POD and likely mediate the development of POD through elevated P‐tau/T‐tau levels.
Designing mechanically reinforced filler network for thin and robust composite polymer electrolyte
Authors: Cheng Guangzeng , Wang Huanlei , Wu Jingyi
Published: October 2023

Developing novel solid electrolytes with high performance is of great significance for the practical application of lithium metal batteries. Among all the developed solid electrolytes, composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) have been deemed one of the most viable candidates because of their comprehensive performance. Nevertheless, the random distribution of inorganic filler nanoparticles may cause discontinuities in ion transport and low mechanical strength. Therefore, the introduction of a filler network with fast ion conduction is an effective strategy to provide continuous ion transport and mechanical support. The mechanically reinforced filler network enhances the mechanical strength of the CPE, providing opportunities to reduce the thickness of CPE. In this review, the progress of mechanically reinforced filler structures in CPE is summarized, along with the introduction of mechanically reinforced filler networks with random and ordered structures and electrode‐integrated CPE with mechanically reinforced filler networks. Finally, challenges and possible future research directions for mechanically reinforced filler network CPE are presented.
Nucleation Kinetics of Freeze Crystallization with Various Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Osmanbegovic Nahla , Louhi-Kultanen Marjatta
Published: October 2023

The nucleation kinetics of ice were investigated with four different types of aqueous solutions. The studied aqueous solutions, i.e., sucrose solution, ionic liquid (IL) solution, pyrolysis oil extract (PO) solution, and acetone‐1‐butanol‐ethanol (ABE) solution, were concentrated by batch suspension freeze crystallization. The nucleation kinetics were investigated using a temperature response method which results in data on nucleation rate per crystal. The obtained nucleation rate per crystal value can be used when dimensioning continuous crystallization processes: the nucleation rate per crystal is inversely proportional to the residence time in continuous crystallization. The subcooling degrees for different solutions were in the range of 0.33 °C to 1.89 °C. Aqueous sucrose solutions had the fastest nucleation kinetics. Ice crystallization from non‐ideal aqueous [DBNH][OAc] ionic liquid solutions required higher subcooling degrees and the nucleation rates per crystal were higher as well. Nucleation of ice formed from aqueous pyrolysis oil extract and aqueous ABE solutions occurred at a lower subcooling degree and the obtained nucleation rate per crystal values were lower.
Molecular engineering assembly of mesoporous carbon onto Ti3C2Tx MXene for enhanced lithium‐ion storage
Authors: Li Haitao , Lv Fengting , Fang Xiao , Zhu Guanjia , Yu Wei , Zhang Haijiao
Published: October 2023

The rational construction of Ti3C2Tx MXene‐based composites has been deemed as a popular way to improve their electrochemical energy storage performances owing to the unique two‐dimensional (2D) structure, excellent conductivity, and good flexibility. However, it remains a major challenge to assemble mesoporous carbon onto Ti3C2Tx with fewer oxygen‐containing groups by using surfactants with short hydrophilic segments. In the work, we propose a molecular engineering assembly strategy for the growth of N,P co‐doped mesoporous carbon onto Ti3C2Tx nanosheets (NPMC/Ti3C2Tx) under the assistance of phytic acid by using melamine‐formaldehyde resin and pluronic P123 (PEO20PPO70PEO20) as the carbon/nitrogen source and soft template, respectively. The detailed investigations reveal that phytic acid with abundant hydroxyl groups can effectively enhance the hydrogen bond interactions among P123, carbon precursor, and Ti3C2Tx nanosheets, thus ensuring the efficient assembly of mesoporous carbon onto Ti3C2Tx. The obtained NPMC/Ti3C2Tx composite demonstrates a set of merits, including cylindrical mesopore, N,P co‐doping, and a good combination of mesoporous carbon and Ti3C2Tx nanosheets. As a result, it exhibits an improved lithium‐ion storage performance, delivering a high reversible capacity of 556.3 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1. The present work provides a feasible molecular engineering assembly route for the rational design of high‐performance Ti3C2Tx MXene‐based electrodes.
Enhancing Hydrogen Production from the Photoreforming of Lignin
Authors: Aljohani Meshal , Daly Helen , Lan Lan , Mavridis Aristarchos , Lindley Matthew , Haigh Sarah J. , D'Agostino Carmine , Fan Xiaolei , Hardacre Christopher
Published: October 2023

Photoreforming of lignocellulose biomass is widely recognised as a challenging but key technology for producing value‐added chemicals and renewable hydrogen (H2). In this study, H2 production from photoreforming of organosolv lignin in a neutral aqueous solution was studied over a 0.1 wt % Pt/TiO2 (P25) catalyst with ultraviolet A (UVA) light. The H2 production from the system employing the lignin (~4.8 μmol gcat−1 h−1) was comparable to that using hydroxylated/methoxylated aromatic model compounds (i. e., guaiacol and phenol, 4.8–6.6 μmol gcat−1 h−1), being significantly lower than that from photoreforming of cellulose (~62.8 μmol gcat−1 h−1). Photoreforming of phenol and reaction intermediates catechol, hydroquinone and benzoquinone were studied to probe the mechanism of phenol oxidation under anaerobic photoreforming conditions with strong adsorption and electron transfer reactions lowering H2 production from the intermediates relative to that from phenol. The issues associated with catalyst poisoning and low photoreforming activity of lignins demonstrated in this paper have been mitigated by implementing a process by which the catalyst was cycled through anaerobic and aerobic conditions. This strategy enabled the periodic regeneration of the photocatalyst resulting in a threefold enhancement in H2 production from the photoreforming of lignin.
Components of functional diversity revisited: A new classification and its theoretical and practical implications
Authors: Schmera Dénes , Ricotta Carlo , Podani János
Published: October 2023

Functional diversity is regarded as a key concept for understanding the link between ecosystem function and biodiversity. The different and ecologically well‐defined aspects of the concept are reflected by the so‐called functional components, for example, functional richness and divergence. Many authors proposed that components be distinguished according to the multivariate technique on which they rely, but more recent studies suggest that several multivariate techniques, providing different functional representations (such as dendrograms and ordinations) of the community can in fact express the same functional component. Here, we review the relevant literature and find that (1) general ecological acceptance of the field is hampered by ambiguous terminology and (2) our understanding of the role of multivariate techniques in defining components is unclear. To address these issues, we provide new definitions for the three basic functional diversity components namely functional richness, functional divergence and functional regularity. In addition, we present a classification of presence‐/absence‐based approaches suitable for quantifying these components. We focus exclusively on the binary case for its relative simplicity. We find illogical, as well as logical but unused combinations of components and representations; and reveal that components can be quantified almost independently from the functional representation of the community. Finally, theoretical and practical implications of the new classification are discussed.
Loss and replacement of macroalgal standing stock and productivity after a major environmental disturbance
Authors: Mangan Stephanie , Tait Leigh W. , Gerrity Shawn , Schiel David R.
Published: October 2023

Habitat‐forming macroalgae are widely recognized as one of the most productive ecosystems on earth. However, relatively little is known about the variation in productivity over large spatiotemporal scales and the relative importance of environmental and biotic factors in influencing the quantity of carbon fixed. Here we leverage a large tectonic event to understand how fluctuations in the biomass of habitat‐forming macroalgae and changes in light availability influence primary productivity along 130 km of coastline over 5 years. We also quantify the effects of changes to species composition on primary productivity. This study revealed significant implications of a compromised light environment for the biomass of macroalgae and productivity rates. Immediately post‐earthquake, there was a substantial loss of biomass (an average of −83%) of a previously dominant large brown alga, Durvillaea spp., and very limited recovery of biomass over the next 5 years. Reductions in biomass coupled with changes in light attenuation resulted in average net primary production (NPP) from Durvillaea decreasing from 1130 g C m−2 year−1 before the earthquake to 192 g C m−2 year−1 after 5 years. Partial compensation of reduced NPP was facilitated by increases in the biomass of a smaller fucoid Carpophyllum maschalocarpum, but its productivity was considerably less on average, resulting in a reduction in carbon fixation. Overall, reductions in biomass resulted in a 2‐fold to 10‐fold drop in carbon fixation by canopy‐forming macroalgae over at least 5 years, while a degradation of the light environment further compromised primary productivity, and most likely detrital subsidies of organic matter to the nearshore ecosystem.
Dissemination of public health research evidence and guidelines to Australian Early Childhood Education and Care staff: Views about source, content and format
Authors: Finch Meghan , Lum Melanie , Yoong Sze Lin , Hodder Rebecca K. , Grady Alice , Wolfenden Luke
Published: October 2023

Issue Addressed

Effective dissemination of public health research and evidence‐based guidelines to Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) staff is critical for promoting research transfer and uptake and achieving positive outcomes for children.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted during August 2021 to March 2022, with a sub‐sample of Australian ECEC services participating in a larger survey completed online and via Computer‐Assisted Telephone Interview. Survey items assessed: influential source for receiving research, type of content that would influence decisions to adopt research and preferred formats for receiving research.

Results

Overall, 993 service managers or staff from 1984 (50.0%) invited and eligible services completed the larger survey. Of these, 463 randomly allocated services (46.7%) had staff complete the dissemination items. The Australian Children's Education and Care Quality Authority, ECEC agencies and Government Departments were most frequently selected as influential sources of research evidence. Staff were most interested in content providing evidence‐based recommendations for future actions and descriptions of health issues addressed. Workshops or conferences and webinars were the preferred format for receiving research.

Conclusions

Findings highlight the importance of tailoring dissemination strategies to meet ECEC staff needs and engaging influential sources to disseminate research evidence.

So What?

Understanding dissemination preferences of ECEC staff is crucial for supporting uptake of evidence‐based health promotion in this setting. By developing tailored strategies based on ECEC preferences, research transfer and evidence‐based decision making can be supported more effectively. These findings contribute to bridging the evidence‐practice gap and improving the quality of care and health outcomes for children in ECEC settings.
Association of MMP1 gene polymorphisms with breast cancer risk: A narrative review
Authors: Akter Tahmina , Aziz Md. Abdul , Islam Mohammad Safiqul , Sarwar Md. Shahid
Published: October 2023

Background and Aims

Breast cancer is a multifactorial malignancy with different clinicopathological and molecular characteristics. It is the most frequent cancer in women in terms of both incidence and mortality. Matrix metallopeptidase 1 or MMP1 is a zinc‐dependent endopeptidase associated with several physiological processes through the modification of the extracellular matrix and tumor microenvironment. However, previous results did not suggest any concluding remarks on the correlation between MMP1 gene polymorphisms and the risk of breast cancer.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed database to retrieve relevant articles and extract data from suitable ones. The literature written only in English was selected for this review.

Results

A total of 26 articles were included in the present narrative review. From the available studies, it is observed that MMP1 is upregulated in breast cancer tissues and found to be correlated with metastasis and invasion. The expression of MMP1 gene is mediated by numerous factors, including polymorphisms which act as a potential risk factor for the progression of breast cancer. To establish the correlation between genetic polymorphisms in MMP1 and the risk of breast cancer, several case‐control studies, as well as genetic analyses, have been carried out in different ethnicities. The association of genetic polymorphisms in MMP1 with the risk and survival of breast cancer in different populations has been reviewed in this study. Moreover, the structural domain of MMP1 and the role of MMP1 in breast cancer metastasis and invasion are also discussed which will help to understand the potential impact of MMP1 as a genetic biomarker.

Conclusions

This review provides an overview of the MMP1 gene polymorphisms in breast cancer. However, we recommend future studies concentrating on combined analysis of multiple SNPs, gene‐gene interactions, and analysis of epigenetics, proteomics, and posttranscriptional modifications that will provide the best outcome.
Nonparametric estimation of English auctions with selective entry: An application to online judicial auctions
Authors: Liu Nianqing , Xu Kexin
Published: October 2023

This paper proposes an estimation approach following the constructive identification strategy of Athey and Haile, and Gentry and Li with adaption in the context of ascending auctions with selective entry. Our estimators are shown to be consistent in a large sample and to perform well in a finite sample by a simulation study. We apply our estimation approach to the Alibaba online judicial auctions of used cars to recover the bounds of conditional value distribution and the entry cost. The bounds estimates of both conditional value distribution and entry cost are quite tight (resp., relatively wide) for middle‐valued (resp., low‐valued or high‐valued) signal, and the cumulative distribution functions of conditional value distribution given signal comply with the law of ordered dominance. Finally, our counterfactual analysis indicates that (i) the ascending auction yields a higher revenue than the first‐price sealed bid auction, and (ii) the revenue can be improved significantly when the entry cost is cut by half.
Structural and compositional diversity of biosurfactants produced by a novel strain of Sporosarcina luteola ME44 from oil reservoir
Authors: Li Jia‐Yi , Liu Yi‐Fan , Zhou Lei , Gang Hong‐Ze , Liu Jin‐Feng , Sun Gang‐Zheng , Wang Wei‐Dong , Yang Shi‐Zhong , Mu Bo‐Zhong
Published: October 2023

The urealytically active microorganism Sporosarcina luteola induces the precipitation of metals, which has attracted attention in biomineralization, bioremediation, and industrial waste recycling. Herein, we report a novel biosurfactant‐producing strain of S. luteola ME44 isolated from Chinese Oilfield. The structure, composition, and surface activity of the biosurfactants produced by S. luteola ME44 were investigated by using a combination of the high‐performance liquid chromatography, time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, and surface tensiometer. The biosurfactant extracted by strain ME44 was identified as surfactin with five variants and the yield was 1010 ± 60 mg⋅L−1. This is the first report on the structural composition and surface activity of biosurfactants isolated from the S. luteola. It extended our knowledge about the role of the species S. luteola in the ecosystem of extreme natural environments such as oil reservoir. In addition, S. luteola ME44 showed bioprecipitation properties for metal ions Cd(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Ag(I), which indicated the application potential of S. luteola in the field of bioremediation.
Application of deep learning algorithms to correct bias in CMIP6 simulations of surface air temperature over the Indian monsoon core region
Authors: Sabarinath A. , Naga Rajesh A. , Gunthe Sachin S. , Lakshmi Kumar T. V.
Published: October 2023

Indian subcontinent witnessed a rise in surface air temperature (SAT) in recent decades, during the summer months of March, April and May. The monsoon core region (MCR) of India experiences a hot and humid climate, with temperatures typically highest in May and June before the onset of the monsoon. Global climate model (GCM) simulations of SAT are very much essential to understand the future climate of Indian MCR. Biases in GCMs simulations are due to insufficient knowledge of parameterizations and various assumptions that are made to simulate the complex interactions between land, ocean and atmosphere. The objective of this study is to correct the bias in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6)–GCM simulations of SAT during March, April and May months over MCR for the historical period 1985–2014 and shared socio‐economic pathways (SSPs) SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5 for the period 2015–2100. SAT dataset of fifth‐generation reanalysis (ERA5) of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) is used as reference dataset to perform bias correction for the historical period. Preliminary investigation of both SAT datasets has shown that there exists considerable warm bias (1.47°C) over the MCR. Bias correction is performed using a one‐dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN‐1D) and a convolutional long short‐term memory network (CNN‐LSTM) deep learning algorithm. The performance of these algorithms is evaluated with the statistical metrics such as root‐mean‐square error (RMSE), normalized root‐mean‐square error, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency, mean absolute error, percent bias, correlation coefficient and dynamic time warping. RMSE and percent bias were decreased to 0.35°C and 0.8% with CNN‐LSTM algorithm. The CNN‐LSTM algorithm also preserves the year‐to‐year variability of SAT. Hence, CNN‐LSTM algorithm is found to be suitable for the bias correction of GCM simulations of SAT with encouraging results.
Effect of straw incorporation on controlling runoff and soil erosion in cropland with different land degradation degrees
Authors: Wang Chengshu , Zhang Guanghui , Chen Shiqi , Wan Yuanqiang
Published: October 2023

Straw incorporation plays a vital role in regulating runoff and soil erosion of cropland. However, the benefits of straw incorporation to control runoff and soil erosion on croplands under different degradation degrees have not been fully clarified. This study was performed to investigate the benefits of straw incorporation to reduce runoff and soil erosion under different degradation degrees and determine its dominant influencing factors. The event runoff and soil erosion were measured from late May to late September 2022 using 16 runoff plots (9 m in length and 3.3 m in width) in the black soil region of Northeast China. The results showed that straw incorporation significantly reduced runoff and soil erosion on croplands with different degradation intensities. Compared to croplands without straw incorporation, runoff and soil erosion of straw incorporation decreased by 48. 8%, 40.0%, 30.9%, 25.5%, and 55.2%, 48.8%, 40.8%, and 36.5% for croplands of no, light, moderate, and strong degradation intensities, respectively. The roles of straw incorporation in controlling runoff and erosion decreased with rainfall intensity. Compared to light rainfall, runoff reduction ratio and erosion reduction ratio of moderate and heavy rainfalls reduced by 19.5%–61.3% and 27.5%–64.4%. The benefit of straw incorporation to control runoff and erosion was limited on strong degraded cropland or under heavy storm. Moreover, soil hydrological properties and crop growth characteristics decreased by land degradation and improved by straw incorporation, which inevitably affected runoff and soil erosion. Soil bulk density, maximum rainfall intensity of 30‐min, saturated water content, precipitation, rainfall intensity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and total porosity were the dominant factors affecting the roles of straw incorporation in controlling runoff and erosion on degraded croplands. The results of this study are helpful to prevent land degradation or recover the functions of degraded lands in semi‐humid region.
A novel thermo‐mechanically coupled material model for glass above the glass transition temperature
Authors: Bögershausen Skadi , Holthusen Hagen , Felder Sebastian , Brepols Tim , Vu Anh Tuan , Grunwald Tim , Reese Stefanie
Published: October 2023

Thin glass products have a giant field of application in several engineering branches such as for example, electronics, medical equipment, and the automotive industry. The non‐isothermal glass molding is a novel replicative glass processing technology enabling the realization of a cost‐efficient production of surface shapes with high accuracy and complexity. However, the application of this technology to thin glass production still causes shape distortions, cracks, and surface defects in molded parts. Therefore, these glass‐forming processes should be simulated by means of the combination of experimental investigation and mechanical modeling of glass above the glass transition temperature at finite strains. Previous experimental studies have shown that the Maxwell model is a reasonable approach for an appropriate prediction of the material behavior. Based on this viscoelastic formulation, a thermo‐mechanically consistent material law is used enabling the prediction of rheological effects noticed during the experiments. More specifically, the relaxation behavior can be described by a stress‐dependent relaxation time and the dissipation generated is considered as well. Furthermore, isothermal uniaxial compression tests above the glass transition temperature are conducted for different strain rates and temperatures within the experimental investigation. Combining the experimental data with the simulation, a multi‐curve‐fitting leads to suitable material parameters with respect to distinct temperatures employing a nonlinear optimization.
Fatigue damage propagation of FRP under coupling effect of cyclic load and corrosion
Authors: Xia Liu , Feng Li , Xin Wang , Jingyang Zhou , Mengdie Liang , Leizhi Zhang , Huang Huang , Zhishen Wu
Published: October 2023

Interlaminar fracture or delamination is one of the major failure modes for fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) laminate. Especially, the synergistic effect of environmental exposure and fatigue loads accelerates interface degradation. The main objective in this work was to investigate the fatigue damage propagation of basalt FRP (BFRP) laminate under coupling of acidic environment and fatigue load. The fatigue cycling of 40,000 and the maximum stress of 30% fu (fu = ultimate tensile strength) were adopted. The fatigue specimens under air condition (air fatigue), immersing in water (water fatigue) and immersing in acid (acid fatigue) were introduced. The double cantilever beam (DCB) test was used to evaluate the interlaminar damage of BFRP laminate after fatigue cycling. The fatigue damage propagation mechanism was explored by means of failure modes, load displacement curves, mode I fracture toughness and crack propagation resistance model. The results show that the fatigue weakened the interlaminar properties and resulted in reduced fiber bridging. Especially for the acid fatigue, the laminate was damaged by the coupling of fatigue and acid corrosion. The linear loading stage, nonlinear slow growing stage, stable crack propagation stage and linear unloading stage for DCB after fatigue were observed in the load–displacement curve. The fatigue cycling has caused fracture toughness decrease of 15.0%, 13.8% and 24.1% on air fatigue, water fatigue and acid fatigue respectively. Compared to air fatigue, additional 9.1% interlaminar toughness decrease was evidenced for acidic corrosion fatigue due to the coupling effect of chemical corrosion and physical swelling. The fluctuating decline of crack resistance was caused by discontinuous interface damage, and the interlayer damage was randomly distributed. Thus the interface damage model was proposed to characterize the damage distribution and the damage size.

Highlights

Degradation law of BFRP under the coupling effect of acid immersion and fatigue load.

Interface damage model for characterization of the damage distribution and damage size.

Fatigue damage propagation of BFRP under coupling effect of cyclic load and corrosion.
Pain communication in children with autism spectrum disorder: A scoping review
Authors: Johnson Ensa , van Zijl Karen , Kuyler Ariné
Published: October 2023

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience social interaction and communication challenges and often display repetitive, restricted patterns of behavior, activities, and interests. The concept of pain is regarded as one of the most complex human stressors due to its subjective and personal nature and the influences of multiple internal and external factors. Due to the complexity of this disorder, it remains concerning how children with ASD communicate their pain and how observers (i.e., parents, carers, and health care practitioners) respond to these children's pain communication. This scoping review aimed to identify how children with ASD communicate or express their pain. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria for further data extraction. Through reflexive thematic analysis, two main themes were identified: verbal and nonverbal responses used by children with ASD to communicate their pain that could influence pain assessment and management strategies. This review highlighted that children with ASD utilized various verbal and nonverbal methods to communicate their pain experiences and that these methods differed compared to children without disabilities. Furthermore, this review emphasizes the importance of holistic pain assessment strategies as well as additional pictorial support for children with ASD. This review recommends that future research should focus on understanding how the inclusion of different stakeholders in pain assessment for children with ASD, can contribute to holistic pain assessment.