bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APLIKASI VAKSIN BIVALEN (VNN dan GSDIV) PADA PEMELIHARAAN LARVA Ikan Kerapu Sunu, Plectropomus leopardus
Authors: Mahardika Ketut , Mastuti Indah , Sudewi Sudewi , Asih Yasmina Nirmala , Muzaki Ahmad , Giri I Nyoman Adiasmara
Published: May 2019

Beta-nodavirus sebagai agen penyebab VNN (virus nervous necrosis) dan infeksi GSDIV (grouper sleepy disease iridovirus, isolat dari genus Megalocytivirus) merupakan penyakit yang menyebabkan mortalitas yang tinggi pada larva dan juvenil ikan kerapu dan kakap di Indonesia. Pencegahan infeksi virus tersebut menjadi prioritas utama dalam budidaya ikan tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas vaksin bivalen dalam mencegah infeksi virus VNN dan GSDIV pada pemeliharaan larva ikan kerapu sunu, Plectropomus leopardus. Sebanyak 5 mL vaksin bivalen (kombinasi antara vaksin protein rekombinan VNN dan GSDIV dengan rasio 1:1 v/v) di bio-enkapsulasi ke dalam 30 liter pakan alami Rotifera dan Artemia (2 x 104 individu/mL). Aplikasi vaksin pada larva ikan kerapu sunu dilakukan melalui pakan alami Rotifera dari umur 5-24 hari dan Artemia dari umur 25-50 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa vaksin bivalen tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan sintasan larva kerapu sunu (panjang: 1,8-2,2 cm dan sintasan: 1,05%-4,07%). Hasil uji tantang dengan VNN dan GSDIV menunjukkan bahwa vaksin tersebut dapat menginduksi gen imunitas larva (MHC-I).Beta-nodavirus as the causative agent of VNN (viral nervous necrosis) and GSDIV infection (grouper sleepy disease iridovirus, isolate from the genus Megalocytivirus) has caused high mortality of cultured grouper and sea bass larvae and juvenile in Indonesia. The prevention of this virus infection on grouper and sea bass culture has become one of the national priority. The purpose of this research was to study the effectiveness of the bivalent vaccine in preventing VNN and GSDIV infections to seed of coral trout grouper, Plectropomus leopardus reared in hatchery. Applications of bivalent vaccine (a combination of protein recombinant VNN and GSDIV vaccine with a ratio of 1:1 v/v) were done by bio-encapsulation using the fish natural diet, Rotifera and Artemia, with a dose of 5 mL vaccine in 30 liters of natural diet (2 x 104 ind./mL). Vaccines were given once a day from the larval age of 5-24 days after hatching using Rotifera and 25-50 day after hatching using Artemia. The results showed that the bivalent vaccine did not influence the growth and survival rate of coral trout grouper larvae (ranged of total length: 1.8-2.2 cm and survival rate: 1.05%-4.07%). The challenge test with VNN and GSDIV revealed that the vaccine had positively induced gene related immunity of larvae MHC-I.
Anharmonic EXAFS and its Parameters of HCP Crystals: Theory and Comparison to Experiment
Authors: Hung Nguyen Van , Viet Dao Xuan
Published: May 2019

A new theory for ab initio calculation of the anharmonic Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) and its parameters of hcp crystals has been developed based on the single- shell model. Analytical expressions for the anharmonic contributions to the amplitude and to the phase of EXAFS and a new anharmonic factor have been derived. The EXAFS cumulant expressions are formulated based on the anharmonic correlated Einstein model. The EXAFS function and its parameters contain anharmonic effects at high temperature and appoach those of the harmonic model at low temperature. Numerical results for Zn agree well with the experimental values.
Crystalline Perovskite La 0.67-xLi 3x  TiO  3: Preparation and Ionic Conducting Characterization
Authors: Dinh Nguyen Nang , Long Pham Duy , Trong Le Dinh
Published: May 2019

Crystalline perovskite La0.67-xLi 3x TiO 3 with x = 0.06, 0.11 and 0.15 were prepared by solid-state-solution reactions at 1350 0 C from TiO 2 , La 2 O 3 and Li 2 CO 3 Crystalline structure of these compounds was analyzed by XRD method. The ionic conducting property of La 0.67-x Li 3xTiO 3 was characterized on AutoLab. Potentiostat-PGS30 system with impedance technique using fitting software program available in the equipment. The highest ion conductivity at room temperature was found for the compound with x =0.11, namely $\sigma$ = 3.1 x 10 -5Scm -1. With increase of temperature the ionic conductivity increased and at 2000C it reached a value in two orders in magnitude higher (6 x 10 -3Scm -1). The activation energy of the compounds was determined on Ln($\sigma$) vs. 1/T plots and found to be as low as 0.36 eV.
Continuously Tuning Distributed Bragg Reflector Erbium Doped Fiber Laser
Authors: Tam Tran Thi , Cham Vu Ngoc , Trung Dang Quoc , Vu Tran Anh , Minh Le Huu
Published: May 2019

The linear configuration single-mode Distributed Bragg Reflection (DBR) Erbium doped Fiber laser has been tested. The cavity length of the laser utilizing intracore Bragg reflectors, no longer than one centimetre and the grating bandwidth is below ~ 0.2 nm. The 1.55-$\mu$m emission wavelength of the laser can be continously tuned within 2 nm.
Hillery-type Amplitude Squeezing in Linear and Nonlinear Fan-states
Authors: Duc Truong Minh
Published: May 2019

Squeezing properties of the Hillery-type $N$-powered amplitude are investigated in the linear and nonlinear fan-state. For a given $k$, squeezing may appear to the even power $N=2k$ and

the number of directions along which the Nth-powered amplitude is squeezed is exactly equal to $N,$ in both linear (the light field) and nonlinear (the vibrational motion of the trapped ion) fan-states.
Evaluation of the Educational Environment at a Graduate Medical School in South Korea using the DREEM Questionnaire
Authors: Ahn Young Joon , Hu Wendy
Published: May 2019

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. We have changed the medical educational environments which included educational curricula, medical staffs, facilities and teaching and learning methods to improve the academic achievement of medical students and to develop good doctors in schools. Medical students have complaints with their educational environments. Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure(DREEM) consists of five domains; students' perceptions of learning, students' perceptions of teachers, students' academic self-perception, students' perceptions of atmosphere. Using DREEM, the overall mean DREEM score of our school was 106.98 and low to that of Korean medical schools and developed countries. Medical students acknowledged that the domains of teachers and academic self-perceptions were positive. Through the students' perception, the changes of the educational environment might be needed continually to get good academic achievement of medical students.
Docetaxel, Oxaliplatin, and 5-Fluorouracil (DOF) in Metastatic and Unresectable Gastric/Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma: A Phase II Study with Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Rosenberg Ari Joseph , Rademaker Alfred , Hochster Howard S. , Ryan Theresa , Hensing Thomas , Shankaran Veena , Baddi Lisa , Mahalingam Devalingam , Mulcahy Mary F. , Benson Al B.
Published: May 2019

Lessons Learned

Adding docetaxel to the modified FOLFOX7 backbone (DOF) is a feasible three-drug combination therapy for advanced gastric cancer with high activity, providing evidence that leucovorin is not necessary in this setting. The DOF regimen represents an alternative to the FLOT (5-FU 2,600 mg/m2 as 24-hour infusion with leucovorin 200 mg/m2, oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2, and docetaxel 50 mg/m2) regimen that can be considered in select patients with advanced gastric cancer and is a potential choice in the curative setting.

Background

The combination of docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) demonstrates high response rates in advanced gastric cancer, albeit with increased toxicity. Given the efficacy of platinum-taxane-fluoropyrimidine regimens, this phase II study evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of docetaxel, oxaliplatin, and 5-FU (DOF) for the treatment of metastatic or unresectable gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma.

Methods

Patients with metastatic or unresectable gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma with no prior therapy for metastatic disease received docetaxel 50 mg/m2 on day 1, oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 on day 1, and 5-FU 2,400 mg/m2 continuous intravenous infusion over 46 hours; cycles were repeated every 2 weeks. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR).

Results

Forty-four patients were enrolled. Assessment of treatment response and toxicity was feasible in 41 and 43 patients, respectively. ORR was 73.2% (68.3% partial response; 4.9% complete response). Therapy was discontinued for progressive disease in 53%, toxicity in 26%, and death on treatment in 16%. Two patients underwent surgical resection. Thirty-three patients (76.7%) received at least seven cycles (7–34). Grade 3–4 toxicities occurred in 31 patients (72.1%), including neutropenia (23.3%), neurologic (20.9%), and diarrhea (14.0%). Median overall survival was 10.3 months.

Conclusion

DOF demonstrates a high response rate, expected safety profile, and prolonged survival and remains an option for select patients with unresectable or metastatic gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma.
Fracture property of polypropylene fibre-reinforced lightweight concrete at high temperatures
Authors: Li Jingjun , Wan Chaojun , Zhang Xiaohui , Niu Jiangang
Published: May 2019

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the fracture property of polypropylene fibre (PPF)-reinforced lightweight concrete (LWC) at high temperatures, and also the basic properties including compressive strength, mass loss and relative elastic modulus at different temperatures were investigated. The results showed that adding PPFs into LWC decreased its compressive strength at high temperatures. PPFs could improve the fracture energy of LWC at an ambient temperature. The fracture energy of LWC without PPF reinforcement tended to increase with the increase of temperature. The fracture toughness exhibited a downwards trend with the increase of temperature.
Investigating capabilities of machine learning techniques in forecasting stream flow
Authors: Kabir Syed , Patidar Sandhya , Pender Gareth
Published: May 2019

This paper presents a systematic investigation into modelling capacities of three conventional data-driven modelling techniques, namely, wavelet-based artificial neural network (WANN), support vector regression (SVR) and deep belief network (DBN) for multi-step ahead stream flow forecasting. To evaluate the effectiveness of these modelling techniques, hydro-meteorological hourly datasets from three case-study rivers located in the UK have been used. A heuristic performance analysis of the modelling schemes has been conducted by systematically analysing the key statistics that measure magnitude, scatter and density of model errors. Finally, for each of the modelling techniques, the performance deterioration rate in time was estimated. The results show that the SVR model can forecast quite accurately up to one to two hours ahead but its performance deteriorates gradually from three hours onwards. Further it has been found that the WANN model performs better when the overall non-linearity of the system increases, whereas the DBN model appeared to show consistently poor predictive capabilities when compared to the other models presented herein. The authors conclude by stating that, for any selected model, it is possible to use an identical model structure for up to two steps ahead forecasting. Models need to be re-configured beyond that limit.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles as a Segment of Digital Technologies in the Criminal and Post-Criminal Reality
Authors: Vardanyan Akop , Andreev Alexandr
Published: May 2019

Changes in technologies and the transition to the digital format are evident in all spheres of society, they are altering not only the criminal and post-criminal reality, but also the system of law enforcement bodies’ work. One of such segments of digital techniques and technologies with a multidisciplinary significance is unmanned areal vehicles (UAVs). Public disputes regarding the legal regulation of the use of UAVs are becoming more heated in the era of transition to digital technologies. The object of research is UAVs and related processes in the legal sphere in Russia and abroad, the studied aspect is the regularities of the criminal and post-criminal reality. Although there is no official statistical data on the number of registered reports on illegal use of UAVs, for the purposes of this article the authors have identified and studied over one thousand such incidents in the Russian legal field. The authors present the basic part of their forecast for the criminal and post-criminal reality and the use of UAVs (tactical and strategic aspects). The paper predicts the emergence of new phenomena, processes, events and situations caused by the consequences of integrating UAVs in the criminal and post-criminal reality of Russia and other countries. The controversy of such processes is predetermined by the opposing types of human activities recognized by researchers of criminalistics: in the first case, it is criminal activities (crimes), and in the second — anti-crime work of the state (detection and investigation of crimes, and in some cases — court proceedings). The analysis of the use of UAVs by the law enforcement bodies has revealed a number of systemic, organizational, legal and methodological problems and drawbacks. The authors present their conclusions regarding the patterns in the use of UAVs in criminal and post-criminal situations, outline key problems of the research support of law enforcement activities involving UAVs and ways of solving them.
Obstacles to the Development of Restorative Justice: a Comparative Analysis of Russia, Canada and Germany
Authors: Lysova Alexandra , Kury Helmut
Published: May 2019

Restorative justice (RJ), which is a concept of criminal justice focused on the needs of victims and the community affected by the criminal act rather than on the punishment of the offender, is becoming an integral part of criminal justice in many developed Western countries. Russia, however, is just taking the first steps in the development of restorative justice with the focus on mediation for juvenile delinquents. Using the theory of the (de)civilization process by N. Elias, the authors suggest that a weak state, characterized not so much by inefficient economy as by underdeveloped social institutes, could be an obstacle for a more active use of RJ in Russia. Specifically, the authors claim that corruption undermining the legitimacy of public administration, a lack of trust in law enforcement, suppression of small business and hatred towards some groups of people all strengthen punitive sentiments that contradict the principles of RJ. A comparative criminological analysis of RJ in Canada and Germany reveals the unique history of its emergence and use in these countries in comparison with Russia. As for Germany, the moments of de-civilization in this country in the first half of the 20th century and in the recent years (connected with the uncontrolled influx of migrants) are slowing down the development of RJ. The absence of any significant social upheavals in Canada could explain a strong support for RJ among the local population and a comparatively successful integration of its principles in traditional Canadian criminal justice. In conclusion, the authors debunk some myths regarding RJ, which could constrain its implementation in these countries. In particular, the authors argue, that the traditional paradigm of punishment should not be abolished, but could be supplemented by the paradigm of reconciliation and restoration.
Violating the Confidentiality of Adoption: Problems of Implementing a Complex Law Mechanism in the Russian Federation
Authors: Kornakova Svetlana , Chigrina Elena
Published: May 2019

The priority task of any democratic state is safeguarding the interests of children, including the right of every child to live in a family. Adoption of orphans or children deprived of parental care is becoming more and more common in present-day Russia, which makes the issue of legal regulation highly relevant. The article examines the problems of implementing a complex legal mechanism that regulates the protection of the confidentiality of adoption and imposes criminal liability for violating it. It should be acknowledged that there are diverse approaches to the problem of criminal law protection of the confidentiality of adoption. The authors analyze the views of different scholars on this problem. They present a critical analysis of the viewpoint that the norm imposing liability for such a violation should be abolished and prove the social importance of preserving the confidentiality. The authors also discuss the problem areas of criminal law characteristics of crimes connected with violating the confidentiality of adoption and conduct a comprehensive research of this issue. The analysis of current legislation shows that it includes a sufficient number of norms safeguarding the confidentiality of adoption. At the same time, this legal institute includes some specific norms that need improvement, require editing or amending, which, according to the authors, stops them from performing their preventive functions. The article contains concrete recommendations on improving current Russian legislation in this sphere, in particular, on improving the clauses of Art. 155 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which establishes criminal liability in those cases where the confidentiality of adoption is violated. Besides, the authors examine the controversial issue of limiting the confidentiality of adoption because they believe that it is not lawful to deny a person who has reached majority the right guaranteed by the Constitution of the RF to learn information concerning him/herself, in this case, the right to know who their parents are. They suggest amending Art. 139 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation, which will make it possible to fully guarantee the constitutional rights of citizens.
Personal Safety Concept as a Psychological and Criminological Factor of Self-Defense
Authors: Krasnyanskaya Tatiana , Tylets Valery , Iokhvidov Vladimir
Published: May 2019

The paper examines the problem of justifiable subjective actions in the criminally relevant situations of self-defense from a new angle. The authors introduce an understanding of self-defense as a sequence of actions aimed at counteracting the source of threat to vitally important interests of the subject. The authors claim that an adequate understanding of behavioral characteristics of the subject of self-defense requires a thorough examination of all aspects of the corresponding counteraction, including its psychological component. It is stated that the leading psychological determinant of counteracting external aggression is the concept of personal safely as an element of I-concept of the person regulating the activity of the subject in special situations that threaten its security and development potential. The functional role of the concept in self-defense is described on the basis of the analysis of it mobilization, stimulation and guidance functions. The authors highlight the substantive content of its cognitive, affective and conative component. The concept of personal safety contains the content that is universal, meaningful for all threatening situations and specialized. This factor makes it possible to use the explanatory potential accumulated within the framework of the psychology of safety, but requires extra research that would describe the specific features of psychological phenomena in the conditions of self-defense. In order to bridge the gaps in this sphere, the paper presents the results of an empirically revealed connection between the components of personal safety concept and the readiness to build the practice of self-defense. The expert analysis of the activity’s products makes it possible to reveal and describe the components of personal safety in the situation of self-defense, which are denoted as «self-feeling», «evaluation of the subject of aggression» and «situation». The use of the subjective scaling method allowed the authors to determine a statistically relevant link between the choice of methods of repelling an attack, self-feeling and the assessment of the subject of aggression, as well as a connection between the choice of target boundaries of counteraction, the assessment of the subject of aggression and the perception of the situation. Empirical data formed the basis for recommendations on developing psychological competence in young people as a method of increasing reasonableness of their actions in self-defense.
Pedophilia — to Treat or to Punish?
Authors: Antonova Elena
Published: May 2019

A strong public reaction to sex offences against minors under 14 results in a stricter criminal law policy towards offenders. One of the key changes to Russian criminal legislation has been breaking all subjects of such crimes into two groups. The first group is comprised of people over 18 who have committed sex offences against minors and suffer from pedophilia without diminished responsibility. The second group includes other persons who have committed sex offences against minors. The paper examines specific features of sex offences committed by persons with pedophilia without diminished responsibility. It is noted that not all persons who commit sex offences against minors under 14 are pedophiles. The author discusses the inaccuracy made by lawmakers in determining the criteria of sexual preference disorder of pedophilia and connected with the ages of the victim and the offender. Pedophilia as a sexual preference disorder is diagnosed in people over 16 who have been suffering for at least six months from systemic (constant) urges, attraction and fantasies involving underage children (13 and under), with at least a five-year difference with the victim. Such persons are ruled sane but subject to compulsory medical treatment if they commit sexual offences against minors. As sexual preference disorders cannot be reduced to pedophilia, the author proves that the phrase «sexual preference disorder (pedophilia)» is used inappropriately in Russian legislation. The author also argues that it should be eliminated from the criminal legislation as an independent reason for using compulsory medical treatment for persons who, being over 18, have committed a sex offence against minors under 14 and suffer from pedophilia without diminished responsibility.
Doctor of Law, Professor Nikolai Ignatyevich Trofimov: the Scientific Legacy of the Researcher
Authors: Kazarin Victor , Kravtsov Roman , Arkhipkin Igor
Published: May 2019

The article is dedicated to the memory of a famous scientist and teacher, Doctor of Law, Professor N.I. Trofimov, who would have turned 90 years old in 2018. A native Siberian born in a peasant family, he transitioned from a school teacher to a Doctor of Law, Professor, Dean of the Law Faculty of Irkutsk State University and Head of the Chair of Criminal Law. He successfully defended his Ph.D. thesis, and later his doctoral dissertation at M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University. N.I. Trofimov had been engaged in research and teaching for over 40 years, he read courses of Criminal Law, Criminology and special courses. His numerous articles and monographs, reviews and textbooks were devoted to topical problems, mainly, the criminal and legal protection of the mental and physical development of minors. He researched such topics as the general concept of crime against the normal development of minors, encroachments on the development of minors, including their involvement in criminal and other anti-social activities, sexual abuse, coercion to common law marriage of persons under the marriageable age; he analyzed data on the identity of convicts and victims in cases of non-violent sexual crimes against minors. N.I. Trofimov responded promptly to important social and political events in the life of the country, giving them a legal assessment, and made proposals for improving criminal legislation. He is the author and contributing author of about 100 research, methodological and educational publications. He proved himself to be an experienced administrator who made a great contribution to the development of higher legal education in Eastern Siberia. The study of key problems of criminal law and criminology, started by N.I. Trofimov, has been continued by modern Russian and foreign researchers.
A Liquid-Solid Two-phase Flow Computational Fluid Dynamic Modelling of the Operational Characteristics Effects on the Cleaning Time of a Circulating Flow Loop
Authors: Dehvedar Mohsen , Moarefvand Parviz , Kiyani Ali Reza
Published: May 2019

Flow loops and computational fluid dynamics are the main research approaches for resolving the hole-cleaning problems. Cutting transport phenomena can be considered as a Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) model by using Eulerian assumptions for the turbulent liquid-solid flow in concentric annuli. The effect of time along with the main operational characteristics on the hole-cleaning phenomena is not negligible but recent studies have had paid little attention to it. Poor near bit cleaning causes many problems such as bit balling, decline in the rate of penetration, pipe sticking, etc. In addition to the effect of inclination, drill pipe rotary speed, cutting size, nozzle velocity and fluid viscosity as well as the effect of the bit nozzle arrangement on the cutting transport process were discussed. The results demonstrate that at a critical inclination angle of 30 degrees the cutting transport is inefficient. For all sections, the effect of drill pipe rotary speed was negligible at high velocities. In the horizontal section, at low flow rates and high drill pipe rotation speeds, Newtonian viscous fluids or water has no effect on the time needed for initial hole-cleaning butby removing the drill pipe rotation speed in similar conditions, a dramatic influence on time is observed. In inclined annuli, increasing the cuttings size and decreasing the nozzle velocity result in having no cutting in the output. Under critical inclination (30 degrees) the effect of the nozzle angle pattern on the hole-cleaning time is negligible. However, for a vertical annulus, the nozzle angle significantly influences the cutting transport. The best performance is obtained when the nozzle angle was perpendicular to the drill pipe axes. Keywords: Two-phase flow, flow characteristics, CFD, jetting flow.
Understanding How Chemistry Teachers Transform Stoichiometry Concepts at Secondary Level in Lesotho
Authors: Makhechane Mamohato , Qhobela Makomosela
Published: May 2019

This qualitative study sought to investigate how secondary level chemistry teachers transform and represent subject matter knowledge (SMK). The study drew its theoretical framework from the notion of Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) that foregrounds the teachers' ability to transform and represent SMK for students to understand the content presented. Seven qualified chemistry teachers participated in this study which used questionnaires, follow-up interviews, and lesson observations to collect data. The teachers were observed teaching the topic of stoichiometry to grade 11 students. Data analysis started with a coding system that resulted in themes of meanings suggested by teachers. The results show that chemistry teachers participating in the study were aware of different teaching strategies but their choice of those strategies was not informed by an attempt to transform the concepts. It is argued that teachers' failure to transform concepts will have a negative impact on students' understanding of these concepts. Keywords: Teaching strategies, PCK, chemistry, stoichiometry.
Historical and projected trends in near-surface temperature indices for 22 locations in South Africa
Authors: Kruger Andries C. , Rautenbach Hannes , Mbatha Sifiso , Ngwenya Sandile , Makgoale Thabo E.
Published: May 2019

Motivated by the risks posed by global warming, historical trends and future projections of near-surface temperature in South Africa have been investigated in a number of previous studies. These studies included the assessment of trends in average temperatures as well as extremes. In this study, historical trends in near-surface minimum and maximum temperatures as well as extreme temperature indices in South Africa were critically investigated by comparing quality-controlled station observations with downscaled model projections. Because climate models are the only means of generating future global warming projections, this critical point comparison between observed and downscaled model simulated time series can provide valuable information regarding the interpretation of model-generated projections. Over the historical 1951–2005 period, both observed data and downscaled model projections were compared at 22 point locations in South Africa. An analysis of model projection trends was conducted over the period 2006–2095. The results from the historical analysis show that model outputs tend to simulate the historical trends well for annual means of daily maximum and minimum temperatures. However, noteworthy discrepancies exist in the assessment of temperature extremes. While both the historical model simulations and observations show a general warming trend in the extreme indices, the observational data show appreciably more spatial and temporal variability. On the other hand, model projections for the period 2006–2095 show that for the medium-to-low concentration Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5, the projected decrease in cold nights is not as strong as is the case for the historically observed trends. However, the upward trends in warm nights for both the RCP4.5 and the high concentration RCP8.5 pathways are noticeably stronger than the historically observed trends. For cool days, future projections are comparable to the historically observed trends, but for hot days noticeably higher. Decreases in cold spells and increases in warm spells are expected to continue in future, with relatively strong positive trends on a regional basis. It is shown that projected trends are not expected to be constant into the future, in particular trends generated from the RCP8.5 pathway that show a strong increase in warming towards the end of the projection period.
Significance:

Comparison between the observed and simulated trends emphasises the necessity to assess the reliability of the output of climate models which have a bearing on the credibility of projections.
The limitation of the models to adequately simulate the climate extremes, renders the projections conservative.
Nurdle drifters around South Africa as indicators of ocean structures and dispersion
Authors: Schumann Eckart H. , MacKay C. Fiona , Strydom Nadine A.
Published: May 2019

Dispersion processes in the ocean typically involve wind, ocean currents and waves. All these factors were included in an analysis to model nurdle dispersion from an accidental spill in Durban Harbour, South Africa, in October 2017. Nurdle sightings on beaches by members of the public are used as indicators of the dispersion which extended over 2000 km of the South African coastline in a period of 8 weeks. Using known oceanographic current structures, satellite imagery, wave data and surface wind drift values of between 5% and 8% of wind speed, good agreement was found between the modelled dispersion and nurdle sightings. In particular, it was found that nurdles remained in specific sections of the coast for long periods, and that sporadic wind events were required to move them into new coastal areas. Such results may also contribute to understanding the dispersal behaviours and strategies adopted by larval stages of marine organisms, particularly fishes, that have pelagic larval durations that extend over weeks to months. The event was recognised as a major pollution incident rivalling other nurdle spillages reported worldwide, and extensive efforts were made to collect the nurdles, particularly along the northern KwaZulu-Natal coast. However, 9 months later, less than 20% had been recovered. The results emphasise the connectivity of different ocean regions, and in particular that pollution of the ocean is not a localised activity. Matter discharged at one point will disperse over a wide area – in this case, significantly further afield than the area of recovery operations.
Significance:

Wind drift in the upper metre or two of the ocean has been notoriously difficult to quantify, and the spread of nurdles along the South African coastline can only be explained by using drift percentages two or three times the generally accepted value of 3% or less. Nonetheless, it is important to realise that there are substantial differences in dispersion rates between the upper few centimetres of the ocean and that even a metre or two deeper.
The rapid manner in which nurdles, and other microplastics, can be dispersed is important in terms of understanding the spread of this form of pollution in the world’s oceans. The results also confirm the important role that wind can play in the movement of eggs, larvae and invertebrates and the significance of vertical migrations in and out of the surface layers.
Plagiarism in South African management journals: A follow-up study
Authors: Thomas Adèle
Published: May 2019

Internationally, a rise in plagiarism by academics has been reported. The objective of the present study was to examine the extent of plagiarism in articles appearing in 19 South African management journals published in 2016 and to compare the findings to a study undertaken in 2015 using 2011 data from the same 19 journals. This study progresses the debate around academic ethics and academic integrity in the country – a topic, thus far, that has received little research attention. A total of 454 published articles were submitted through the similarity detection software Turnitin™. High and excessive similarity was identified and over 80% of submissions evidenced similarity in excess of 9%. University administrators, journal editors and publishers, and the South African Department of Higher Education and Training are alerted to this plagiarism that undermines the academic pursuit. This awareness is particularly important as faculty serve as role models to students. Measures should thus be taken to ensure that faculty provide sound role models as ethical researchers.
Significance:

Plagiarism is an ongoing and increasing problem and is particularly concerning when faculty themselves plagiarise, as it impacts institutional integrity and culture, and negatively influences role modelling for students.
The present study highlights the increase in plagiarism in the field of management and alerts other fields of academia to this problem.
University administrators and journal editors and publishers are reminded about the roles they can play to address plagiarism.
A comparison of hominin teeth from Lincoln Cave, Sterkfontein L/63, and the Dinaledi Chamber, South Africa
Authors: Brophy Juliet K. , Irish Joel , Churchill Steve E. , De Ruiter Darryl J. , Hawks John , Berger Lee R.
Published: May 2019

Prior to the recovery of Homo naledi from the Dinaledi Chamber of the Rising Star Cave system, the Middle Pleistocene fossil record in Africa was particularly sparse. With the large sample size now available from Dinaledi, the opportunity exists to reassess taxonomically ambiguous teeth unearthed at the nearby site of Sterkfontein. Teeth recovered from Lincoln Cave South and area L/63 at Sterkfontein have been considered ‘most probably Homo ergaster’ and ‘perhaps Archaic Homo sapiens’, respectively. Given the similarities shared between Lincoln Cave, area L/63, and the Dinaledi Chamber with regard to climatic/geologic depositional context and age, two teeth from the former sites, StW 592 and StW 585 respectively, were compared with corresponding tooth types of H. naledi from the Dinaledi Chamber. The results of our study indicate that the Lincoln Cave and area L/63 teeth are morphologically inconsistent with the variation recognised in the H. naledi teeth.
Significance:

The similar age and climatic/geologic depositional and post-depositional circumstances at Lincoln Cave South, area L/63 at Sterkfontein and the Dinaledi Chamber, Rising Star raise the possibility that these fossils might represent the same species.
The teeth StW 592 and StW 585 are not consistent with the variation evident in the known naledi sample.
The results of the study do not add to the question of the existence of at least two species of the genus Homo living in close proximity to each other in South Africa at approximately the same time.
Developmental stress in South African hominins: Comparison of recurrent enamel hypoplasias in Australopithecus africanus and Homo naledi
Authors: Skinner Mark F.
Published: May 2019

Discovery of a new hominin (Homo naledi) in the same geographical area as Australopithecus africanus creates the opportunity to compare developmental dental stress in higher latitude hominins with low that in latitude apes, among whom repetitive linear enamel hypoplasia (rLEH) recurs seasonally at about 6 or 12 months. In contrast to equatorial Africa, a single rainy/dry cycle occurs annually in non-coastal southern Africa. It is predicted that LEH will recur annually but not differ in duration between ancient and more recent hominins. Data were collected from epoxy casts of anterior teeth attributed to H. naledi (18 incisors, 13 canines) and A. africanus (29 incisors, 8 canines) using a digital microscope, surface scanner and scanning electron microscope. The location, number, width, depth and distance between defects (including perikymata counts and spatial measurements) of 136 LEH events were compared among crown moieties (deciles 4–6 and 7–9), tooth types and taxa. Enamel defects are concentrated in the cervical half of anterior crowns, and in similar numbers in each taxon. Contrary to expectations, H. naledi show bimodal LEH durations reconstructed at about 2 and 8 weeks compared to just 4 weeks in A. africanus. Both taxa show bimodally recurrent episodes of LEH centring on 2 and, more commonly and severely, 6 months. A combination of two independent annual stressor types, one disease and one seasonal, could explain the observations. These estimations of duration and recurrence of developmental stress require evaluation using actual perikymata periodicity for H. naledi and more refined understanding of palaeoenvironments for both taxa.
Significance:

Seasonal stress is a central concern in the biological and health sciences. Because of the innate way that enamel is deposited, the timing of stress in the childhood of apes, modern humans and their fossil ancestors can be measured with a precision of about 1 week.
Application of this method to South African Pliocene Australopithecus africanus and Mid-Pleistocene Homo naledi reveals that, unexpectedly, both forms show semi-annual stress – a finding that is tentatively attributed to two independent annual stressors, possibly disease and malnutrition.
Temas pendientes y nuevas oportunidades en Turismo y Cooperación al Desarrollo
Authors: autores Varios
Published: May 2019

La consideración del turismo como una vía y oportunidad para el desarrollo está cada vez más presente en las políticas socioeconómicas de los países. Algunos hechos que han contribuido a este aumento de protagonismo del turismo son entre otros el consenso alcanzado en reuniones internacionales sobre la capacidad de esta actividad para contribuir al desarrollo y más concretamente al alivio de la pobreza, como se recoge en los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio fijados por las Naciones Unidas. El sector del turismo es una línea estratégica que tiene grandes posibilidades para convertirse en líder de la cooperación turística internacional, pues es considerado una herramienta que, bien gestionada, contribuye a la mejora de la calidad de vida de las poblaciones locales y a la reducción de la pobreza, fomentando la creación de lugares de trabajo y la conservación del patrimonio natural y cultural. Teóricamente es así, pero en la práctica: żQué está sucediendo? El turismo es un fenómeno dinámico tanto en su crecimiento como en la permanente transformación de sus elementos, de las relaciones entre los mismos o de nuevas expresiones y formas de hacer turismo. Su estudio y seguimiento exige un análisis de las problemáticas aún pendientes, así como requiere responder a las nuevas realidades, ara que el turismo mantenga su fin último, el desarrollo. El II Congreso de la Red Internacional de Investigadores en Turismo, Cooperación y Desarrollo quiere con este encuentro: - Crear un foro de discusión y reflexión, desde una perspectiva académica y de investigación, sobre temas pendientes aún por resolver como el impacto del turismo en las comunidades locales y de abordar nuevas realidades y estrategias de desarrollo turístico y cooperación que reclaman nuestra atención. - Sumar conocimientos en el campo de la investigación del turismo como herramienta de cooperación al desarrollo. - Facilitar un espacio para conocernos e impulsar futuras colaboraciones de nvestigación.
VEINTE PREGUNTAS PARA PENSAR (CRÍTICAMENTE) LA EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA ESCOLAR
Authors: Vicente-Pedraz Dr. Miguel
Published: May 2019

Este artículo se plantea a modo de carta abierta a la comunidad educativa con el objeto de debatir sobre algunas cuestiones clave de la educación física escolar. Bajo una perspectiva constructivista, sugiere que la educación física ha naturalizado sus contenidos, sus prácticas, sus métodos, sus materiales, entre otros. de manera que ha encontrado un cierto equilibrio y permanencia curricular. Todos ellos, sin embargo, la mantienen en una situación de banalidad pedagógica. Las preguntas, en cierto modo retóricas, tratan de romper el esencialismo de la educación física poniendo de relieve las contradicciones del discurso hegemónico de la disciplina.
Multiple Jobholding Associated with the Wellbeing of Physical Education Teachers in Southern Brazil
Authors: Both Jorge , Borgatto Adriano Ferreti , Sonoo Christi Noriko , Lemos Carlos Augusto Fogliarini , Ciampolini Vitor , Nascimento Juarez Vieira do
Published: May 2019

Objetivo: se evaluó cómo el pluriempleo se asocia con el bienestar de los profesores de Educación Física en las instituciones públicas estatales en el sur de Brasil, teniendo en cuenta los parámetros individuales (estilo de vida) y socio-ambiental (de trabajo). Métodos: 1645 profesores respondieron a un cuestionario sociodemográfico y profesional, además de los instrumentos: QVT-PEF y PEVI. La prueba de chi-cuadrado, razón de verosimilitud y la regresión logística multinomial fueron utilizadas. Resultados/Discusión: los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en las características socio-demográficas y profesionales de los profesores que trabajan sólo en escuelas públicas estatales y profesores con pluriempleo. Los profesores con pluriempleo están menos satisfechos con la promoción profesional y eltiempo equilibrado entre el ocio y el trabajo. Conclusión: las políticas públicas deben estimular a los profesores de educación física para trabajar exclusivamente en las escuelas públicas, con el fin de promover un mejor bienestar.
¿Es el Deporte de Aventura una práctica ecológica? Reflexiones de Brasil y España para la Educación Física
Authors: De Deus Inácio Humberto Luís , Baena-Extremera Antonio , Sousa Marcel Farias de
Published: May 2019

El objetivo del presente trabajo es reflexionar sobre el concepto de deporte y de las prácticas ecológicas en España y Brasil y encontrar el modo de conseguir que una práctica deportiva llegue a ser ecológica. La Educación Física y el Medio Ambiente son áreas que se han relacionado desde hace décadas; pero a pesar de ello, y de sus influencias, aún existen muchas prácticas deportivas realizadas en el medio natural que no son ecológicas. Se concluye afirmando que el deporte es una práctica lejana de los principios de la ecología y que la expresión "Prácticas Corporales" de Aventura en la Naturaleza (PCANs), es uno de los términos que más se acerca a estos principios.
SOCIAL AND GEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF MODERN TENDENCIES, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE REVIVAL OF THE PALETTE OF BRAND DESTINATIONS OF ETHNO-FESTIVAL TOURISM IN THE WESTERN REGION OF UKRAINE IN THE CURRENT CRISIS REALITIES
Authors: Rutynskyi Mikhailо , Topornytska Maria
Published: May 2019

The aim of the study is to analyze trends, problems and prospects for the development of ethno-festival tourism in the western region of Ukraine in the current crisis realities. Methods. The study used the method of statistical analysis, the methods of analysis and synthesis, comparative method, synthesis method. Results. The geographical and socio-economic prospects for the development of ethno-festivals and destinations of ethno-festival tourism in the western region of Ukraine are described, the problems and peculiarities of the organization of ethno-festival tourism in the region are revealed. Scientific novelty. Priorities for the development of ethnic festivals in the region have been identified in order to attract additional tourist flows and promote the development of ethnic culture. Practical significance. Concrete recommendations on the future development of ethno-festival tourism in the region are proposed.
Indications and foeto-maternal outcome of emergency cesarean sections in rural Mewar region
Authors: Verma Savitri , Bamniya Archana
Published: May 2019

Background: In the 21st century caesarean section is the most common operation in modern obstetrics but its indications have been changed in elective and emergency cases. The aim of the present study was to find out the incidence, indication of caesarean, foeto-maternal outcome in patients who came in emergency from rural areas.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Pannadhai Mahila Hospital, R. N. T. Medical College, Udaipur from September 2017 to February 2018. All the women who were unbooked, belonged to rural Mewar region and underwent emergency caesarean section.Results: Total no. of deliveries conducted were 1560 in the emergency labour room out of which 462 were emergency caesarean sections. The mean age of the participants was 27 years. Foetal distress was the most common indication (17.75%) followed by prolonged labour/ failed induction 14.5%. Post-partum haemorrhage and adhesions were the commonly encountered complications.Conclusions: LSCS due to maternal and foetal indications is inevitable. Timely performed LSCS decreases the morbidity and mortality. The government of India has also taken initiative in making caesarean deliveries more acceptable, affordable to patients belonging to rural areas. The government is also enhancing primary and community health centers.