bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of the first phase of COVID-19 pandemic on childhood routine immunisation services in Nepal: a qualitative study on the perspectives of service providers and users
Authors: Khatiwada Asmita Priyadarshini , Maskey Smriti , Shrestha Nistha , Shrestha Sunil , Khanal Saval , KC Bhuvan , Paudyal Vibhu
Published: September 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected all essential healthcare services delivery in low-resource settings. This study aimed to explore the challenges and experiences of providers and users of childhood immunisation services in Nepal during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with childhood immunisation service providers and users (i.e., parents of children) from Kathmandu valley, Nepal. All interviews were conducted through phone or internet-based tools, such as Zoom, WhatsApp, and messenger. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using theme-based content analysis in an Excel spreadsheet.

Results

A total of 15 participants (n = 7 service providers and n = 8 service users) participated. Six themes were identified, namely: (1) impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on childhood immunisation services; (2) motivation and resilience for childhood immunisation; (3) Biosafety practices and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) availability during the COVID-19 pandemic; (4) service adjustments and guidelines during pandemic; (5) availability of vaccines; and (6) immunisation program resilience in view of COVID-19. Service providers mentioned facing disruptions in services and some parents had decided to delay scheduled immunisation. However, most service providers showed determinations to deliver the services with high morale, while most service users reported taking their children for immunisation. Families migrating from urban to rural areas during the pandemic led to service providers having no means to confirm complete immunisation of migrating children. Service providers also experienced lack of adequate guidance to deal with the pandemic and personal protective equipment to protect themselves and service users.

Conclusion

Despite experiencing disruptions in childhood immunisation service due to the COVID-19 pandemic, service users and providers were determined to vaccinate the children. There is an urgent need for effective preparedness plans to be in place to address the observed barriers and to ensure resilient immunisation services during ongoing and future pandemics.
Designing supply chains to meet the growing need of vaccines: evidence from four countries
Authors: Prosser Wendy , Spisak Cary , Hatch Benjamin , McCord Joseph , Tien Marie , Roche Greg
Published: September 2021

Background

Immunization supply chains (iSCs) move vaccines from manufacturer to point of use with the added complexities of requiring cold chain and an increasing need for agility and efficiency to ensure vaccine quality and availability. Underperforming iSCs have been widely acknowledged as a key constraint to achieving high immunization coverage rates in low- and middle-income countries. This paper details the system design approach used to analyze the iSC network in Sierra Leone, Madagascar, Niger and Guinea and documents six lessons.

Methodology

Between 2018 and 2020, these countries implemented the system design approach, involving four key steps: (1) advocate and introduce to engage stakeholders and prioritize identification of modeling scenarios; (2) collect data and plan analysis through document review and key informant interviews; (3) analyze system design scenarios using computer software modeling tools (LLamasoft’s Supply Chain Guru and AnyLogic's AnyLogistix) for optimization and simulation modeling as well as further analysis with Excel, Google maps, and OpenStreetMap; and (4) build consensus on optimized model and implementation roadmap using the Traffic Light Analysis tool and building on stakeholder input.

Findings

Key lessons include the following: (1) define system design objectives based on country priorities; (2) establish consensus with stakeholders on scenarios to model; (3) modeling provides the evidence but not the answer; (4) costs should not be weighted above other decision criteria; (5) data collection—work smarter, not harder; (6) not all questions can be answered with a computer model.

Discussion

A system design approach can identify changes to the design of the supply chain that can introduce efficiencies and improve reliability. This approach can be more effective when these lessons and principles are applied at the country level. The lessons from these four countries contribute to global thinking and best practices related to system design. The modeling and system design approach provides illustrative results to guide decision-makers. It does not give a "final answer", but compares and contrasts.
Visual analytics tool for the interpretation of hidden states in recurrent neural networks
Authors: Garcia Rafael , Munz Tanja , Weiskopf Daniel
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we introduce a visual analytics approach aimed at helping machine learning experts analyze the hidden states of layers in recurrent neural networks. Our technique allows the user to interactively inspect how hidden states store and process information throughout the feeding of an input sequence into the network. The technique can help answer questions, such as which parts of the input data have a higher impact on the prediction and how the model correlates each hidden state configuration with a certain output. Our visual analytics approach comprises several components: First, our input visualization shows the input sequence and how it relates to the output (using color coding). In addition, hidden states are visualized through a nonlinear projection into a 2-D visualization space using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding to understand the shape of the space of the hidden states. Trajectories are also employed to show the details of the evolution of the hidden state configurations. Finally, a time-multi-class heatmap matrix visualizes the evolution of the expected predictions for multi-class classifiers, and a histogram indicates the distances between the hidden states within the original space. The different visualizations are shown simultaneously in multiple views and support brushing-and-linking to facilitate the analysis of the classifications and debugging for misclassified input sequences. To demonstrate the capability of our approach, we discuss two typical use cases for long short-term memory models applied to two widely used natural language processing datasets.
The value of double inversion recovery MRI sequence in assessment of epilepsy patients
Authors: Aly Mohamed Abdelbar Abdelmaksoud , Saleh Tarek Mohamed , Elfatatry Amr Mohamed Ahmed , Montasser Moataz Mohamed
Published: September 2021

Background

The double inversion recovery (DIR) pulse sequence was introduced several years ago and since that it grew important value in clinical neuroimaging. We aimed to assess the added value of double inversion recovery in evaluation of epileptic patients.

Results

In mesial temporal sclerosis, the measured contrast parameters (SNR, CR, CNR and AI) were found to be significantly higher in DIR than in FLAIR and T2 sequences. In cases of focal cortical dysplasia, significantly higher CNR and AI in DIR than in T2 and FLAIR. Also DIR showed higher detection of the increased cortical thickness and cortical signal intensity than the T2 and FLAIR sequences. In tuberous sclerosis cases, the DIR showed higher visibility of the lesions than the T2 and FLAIR. Also DIR showed higher ability to detected grey-white matters junction blurring.

Conclusions

Our study concluded that the greatest value of the double inversion recovery sequence is its higher ability in detecting multiple characteristics of the lesions in a one sequence.
Porosity estimation based on the rock skeleton general formula and comprehensive pore structure parameter — An application to a tight-sand reservoir
Authors: Lin Kai , He Xilei , Zhang Bo , Wen Xiaotao , He Zhenhua , Liu Kaiyuan , Luo Ceng
Published: September 2021

Most of the current 3D reservoir porosity estimation methods are based on analyzing the elastic parameters inverted from seismic data. It is well-known that elastic parameters vary with the pore structure parameters such as the pore aspect ratio, consolidation coefficient, and critical porosity. Thus, we may obtain inaccurate 3D porosity estimation if the chosen rock-physics model fails to properly address the effects of the pore structure parameters on the elastic parameters. However, most of the current rock-physics models only consider one pore structure parameter such as the pore aspect ratio or the consolidation coefficient. To consider the effect of multiple pore structure parameters on the elastic parameters, we have developed a comprehensive pore structure (CPS) parameter set that is generalized from current popular rock-physics models. The new CPS set is based on the first-order approximation of current rock-physics models that consider the effect of the pore aspect ratio on the elastic parameters. The new CPS set can accurately simulate the behavior of current rock-physics models that consider the effect of pore structure parameters on the elastic parameters. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed parameters in porosity estimation, we use a theoretical model to demonstrate that our CPS parameter set properly addresses the effect of pore aspect ratio on elastic parameters such as velocity and porosity. Then, we obtain a 3D porosity estimation for a tight sand reservoir by applying it seismic data. We also predict the porosity of the tight sand reservoir using a neural network algorithm and a rock-physics model that is commonly used in porosity estimation. The comparison demonstrates that the predicted porosity has a higher correlation with the porosity logs at blind well locations.
Prestack Bayesian lithofacies classification technology and application in oil-sand reservoir prediction
Authors: Wang Zongjun , Tian Nan , Dong Hongchao
Published: September 2021

The oil-sand reservoirs in the Athabasca region of Canada are estuarine deposits affected by tides. The strata are inclined, and the interlayers are well-developed. Accurate spatial characterization of reservoirs and interlayers is the key for efficient oil-sand development. In this paper, we have used prestack Bayesian lithofacies classification technology to predict the spatial distribution characteristics of reservoirs and interlayers of oil-sand reservoirs. We first use log lithofacies data as a label, select lithofacies sensitive elastic parameters to make a lithofacies classification probability distribution crossplot, and then project the lithofacies-sensitive elastic parameter volumes into the lithofacies classification probability distribution crossplot. Finally, we predict the spatial probability distribution of different lithofacies. Probabilistic characterization can enhance the recognition of transitional lithology and thin layers in the inversion results, reduce the uncertainty in the prediction of reservoirs and interlayers, and significantly improve the prediction accuracy of reservoirs and interlayers. The field application results in the Kinosis study area indicate that the probability volume predicted by this technology can distinguish interlayers greater than 1 m thick and identify interlayers greater than 2 m thick, which meets the technical requirements of oil-sand steam-assisted gravity drainage development.
Ethylene Carbonate (EC)-Propyl Acetate (PA) Based Electrolyte for Low Temperature Performance of Li-Ion Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Nagano Hiroki , Kim Hackho , Ikeda Suguru , Miyoshi Seiji , Watanabe Motonori , Ishihara Tatsumi
Published: September 2021

Charge-discharge performance at −30 °C was studied by using low-viscosity ester solvents (propyl acetate (PA), propyl propionate (PP), and ethyl propionate (EP)) as electrolyte for improving the low-temperature performance of lithium-ion rechargeable batteries. Among the studied ester, PA based electrolyte shows the most superior cycle stability, and it was found that EC-PA based electrolyte increased the discharge capacity of the cell at −30 °C by 6% compared to the EC-DEC based electrolyte. Although the cell capacity at low temperature was increased, favorable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) may not be formed and the cycle stability was decreased in the cell using PA component as the electrolyte. By using an electrolyte additive for SEI formation in combination with PA based electrolyte, the low temperature discharge capacity and cycle stability were much increased which is strongly demanded for electric vehicle application.
Fabrication of a MOF/Aerogel Composite via a Mild and Green One-Pot Method
Authors: Li Linlin , Bai Xiaojue , Shao Lei , Zhai Xu , Fan Fuqiang , Li Yunong , Fu Yu
Published: September 2021

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with structural diversity and functionality have attracted incredible research interest, while their practical applications are hampered due to their intrinsic fragility and powder state. Herein, a MOF/aerogel composite has been successfully fabricated through a mild and green one-pot method to anchor ZIF-L nanosheets on the carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) aerogel to overcome these difficulties. The CMC aerogel not only acts as a template to improve the processability and applicability of ZIF-L, but also offers a highly three-dimensional porous structure to facilitate the substrate adsorption on the aerogel to form a microreactor, which is conducive to the full contact between substrate and catalyst. Benefiting from the advantages, the aerogel composite as a heterogeneous catalyst shows improved catalytic activity, good cycle performance and highly efficient catalyst recovery for the cycloaddition of epoxide and CO2. This mild and simple one-pot method opens up a new strategy for the synthesis of MOF and aerogel composite material, which is potentially beneficial for further practical applications.
The application of radiomics in laryngeal cancer
Authors: Rajgor Amarkumar Dhirajlal , Patel Shreena , McCulloch David , Obara Boguslaw , Bacardit Jaume , McQueen Andrew , Aboagye Eric , Ali Tamir , O’Hara James , Hamilton David Winston
Published: September 2021

Objectives:

Radiomics is the conversion of medical images into quantitative high-dimensional data. Laryngeal cancer, one of the most common head and neck cancers, has risen globally by 58.7%. CT, MRI and PET are acquired during the diagnostic process providing potential data for radiomic analysis and correlation with outcomes. This review aims to examine the applications of this technique to laryngeal cancer and the future considerations for translation into clinical practice.

Methods:

A comprehensive systematic review-informed search of the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was undertaken. Keywords “laryngeal cancer” OR “larynx“ OR “larynx cancer” OR “head and neck cancer” were combined with “radiomic” OR “signature” OR “machine learning” OR “artificial intelligence”. Additional articles were obtained from bibliographies using the “snowball method”.

Results:

The included studies (n = 15) demonstrated that radiomic features are significantly associated with various clinical outcomes (including stage, overall survival, treatment response, progression-free survival) and that predictive models incorporating radiomic features are superior to those that do not. Two studies demonstrated radiomics could improve laryngeal cancer staging whilst 12 studies affirmed its predictive capability for clinical outcomes.

Conclusions:

Radiomics has potential for improving multiple aspects of laryngeal cancer care; however, the heterogeneous cohorts and lack of data on laryngeal cancer exclusively inhibits firm conclusions. Large prospective well-designed studies in laryngeal cancer are required to progress this field. Furthermore, to implement radiomics into clinical practice, a unified research effort is required to standardise radiomics practice.

Advances in knowledge:

This review has highlighted the value of radiomics in enhancing laryngeal cancer care (including staging, prognosis and predicting treatment response).
Diagnostic performance and image quality of low-tube voltage and low-contrast medium dose protocol with hybrid iterative reconstruction for hepatic dynamic CT
Authors: Ichikawa Shintaro , Motosugi Utaroh , Shimizu Tatsuya , Kromrey Marie Luise , Aikawa Yoshihito , Tamada Daiki , Onishi Hiroshi
Published: September 2021

Objective:

To evaluate the diagnostic performance and image quality of the low-tube voltage and low-contrast medium dose protocol for hepatic dynamic CT.

Methods:

This retrospective study was conducted between January and May 2018. All patients underwent hepatic dynamic CT using one of the two protocols: tube voltage, 80 kVp and contrast dose, 370   mgI/kg with hybrid iterative reconstruction or tube voltage, 120 kVp and contrast dose, 600  mgI/kg with filtered back projection. Two radiologists independently scored lesion conspicuity and image quality. Another radiologist measured the CT numbers of abdominal organs, muscles, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in each phase. Lesion detectability, HCC diagnostic ability, and image quality of the arterial phase were compared between the two protocols using the non-inferiority test. CT numbers and HCC-to-liver contrast were compared between the protocols using the Mann–Whitney U test.

Results:

424 patients (70.5 ± 10.1 years) were evaluated. The 80-kVp protocol showed non-inferiority in lesion detectability and diagnostic ability for HCC (sensitivity, 85.7–89.3%; specificity, 96.3–98.6%) compared with the 120-kVp protocol (sensitivity, 91.0–93.3%; specificity, 93.6–97.3%) (p < 0.001–0.038). The ratio of fair image quality in the 80-kVp protocol also showed non-inferiority compared with that in the 120-kVp protocol in assessments by both readers (p < 0.001). HCC-to-liver contrast showed no significant differences for all phases (p = 0.309–0.705) between the two protocols.

Conclusion:

The 80-kVp protocol with hybrid iterative reconstruction for hepatic dynamic CT can decrease iodine doses while maintaining diagnostic performance and image quality compared with the 120-kVp protocol.

Advances in knowledge:

The 80- and 120-kVp protocols showed equivalent hepatic lesion detectability, diagnostic ability for HCC, image quality, and HCC-to-liver contrast. The 80-kVp protocol showed a 38.3% reduction in iodine dose compared with the 120-kVp protocol.
Intestinal malrotation and Meckel’s diverticulitis in a 19-month-old boy
Authors: Mushtaq Nida , Elwood Elliot , Westwood Esther , Macdonald Alexander , Saxena Amulya K , Bretherton Josephine
Published: September 2021

Acute intestinal obstruction is a common paediatric surgical emergency and should be considered in any child presenting with vomiting, abdominal pain and abdominal distension. Many causes of bowel obstruction arise from congenital anomalies and recognition of the underlying cause of obstruction can be challenging in these settings. These cases can be further complicated if two or more congenital anomalies are present. Malrotation of the gut is defined as a congenital developmental anomaly of the rotation of the intestine and encompasses a spectrum of abnormalities. Meckel’s diverticulum is another congenital anomaly which occurs secondary to the failure of the vitellointestinal duct to close and can present in 2% of the population. We describe an interesting case of a 19-month-old-boy who presented acutely with symptoms of bowel obstruction and was found to have both intestinal malrotation and Meckel’s diverticulum.
Optimization of scan protocol for high temporal resolution magnetic resonance imaging of the liver under single breath-holding using compressed sensing and parallel imaging techniques in a 1.5-T magnetic resonance system
Authors: Fukamatsu Fumiaki , Yamada Akira , Hayashihara Hayato , Kitou Yoshihiro , Fujinaga Yasunari
Published: September 2021

Objective:

To optimize the scan protocol for high temporal resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the liver under single breath-holding, using compressed sensing (CS) and parallel imaging (PI) techniques in a 1.5 T MR system.

Methods:

31 healthy volunteers who underwent fat-suppressed gradient-echo T1 weighted imaging using a 1.5 T MR system were included. Image quality was evaluated on altering various imaging parameters in CS and PI so that the scan time was adjusted to 10 and 6 s within a single breath-holding. Normalized standard deviation (nSD = SD/mean value) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR = mean value/SD) of liver signal intensity were measured. Visual scores for the outline of the liver and inferior right hepatic vein (IRHV) were evaluated using a 4-point scale and compared with that of the reference standard (20 s scan without CS).

Results:

The nSD and SNR were not significantly different when the 10 s scan with CS factor 2.0 and the 6 s scan with CS factor 2.0 and 2.5 were compared to the 20 s scan. Overall visual score (mean score of the outline of the liver and IRHV) was significantly better (p < 0.05) with the 10 s scan with CS factor 2.0 compared to the other scan protocols.

Conclusion:

The 10 s scan with CS factor 2.0 should be recommended for high temporal resolution MR imaging of the liver using CS and PI in a 1.5 T MR system.

Advances in knowledge:

This study conducts a novel MR imaging of the liver using CS and PI in a 1.5 T MR system.
Immersive virtual classroom as an education tool for color barrier-free presentations: a pilot study
Authors: Fukuyama Sayaka , Saito Toki , Ichikawa Daisuke , Kohyama Ayako , Oyama Hiroshi
Published: September 2021

Background: This study aimed to develop an experiential approach for understanding color vision variations using virtual reality technology.

Methods:A virtual classroom was developed in a three-dimensional space, and 10 university students were tested to understand color vision variations. 

Results:Most participants noted that the virtual classroom was an excellent educational tool, which could help teachers understand the problems associated with [visual analog scale (VAS): mean ± standard deviation (SD), 9.55 ± 1.57] and obtain a better understanding of (VAS: mean ± SD, 9.04 ± 1.0) color vision variations. 

Conclusions: Our results show that this approach enhanced the participants' understanding of color vision variations; thus, it may assist children who suffer from this variation. It is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of this approach for teachers.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ГЕМОДИНАМИКИ В СТРУКТУРНО-РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ВНУТРИОРГАННЫХ АРТЕРИАЛЬНЫХ БИФУРКАЦИЯХ СЕРДЦА ЧЕЛОВЕКА, ВЫЯВЛЯЕМЫЕ С ПОМОЩЬЮ ЧИСЛЕННОГО МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ
Authors: Zenin Oleg K. , Overko Vitalii S. , Dmitriev V. Andrey , Miltykh Ilia S.
Published: September 2021

Цель. Путём численного моделирования проверить предположение о связи между типом дихотомии и особенностями движения крови в структурно-различных бифуркациях внутриорганного артериального русла сердца человека.
Материал и методы. Использовали результаты морфометрии реального артериального русла сердца. Для моделирования нестационарного ламинарного течения применяли решение полной системы уравнений Навье-Стокса, полученное с помощью неявной разностной схемы в пакете ANSYS.
Результаты. Установлено: дихотомия (бифуркация) первого типа (полная асимметрия) увеличивает интенсивность флуктуаций расхода и максимальную скорость потока, а также уменьшает динамическую вязкость крови в большей ветви. В меньшей ветви формируется квазистационарное течение. Дихотомия (бифуркация) второго типа (боковая асимметрия) уменьшает максимум скорости потока и значение динамической вязкости во всех ветвях. Дихотомия (бифуркация) третьего типа (односторонняя симметрия) увеличивает максимум скорости потока и уменьшает динамическую вязкость. Дихотомия (бифуркация) четвертого типа (полная симметрия) уменьшает максимум скорости потока, деформирует профиль скорости и значительно увеличивает вязкость крови. Более того зона с увеличенной вязкостью распространяется из ядра потока практически на всю область течения.
Выводы. Результаты моделирования позволяют утверждать о разной функциональной роли артериальных дихотомий (бифуркаций) структурно-различных типов. После прохождения различных типов дихотомий (бифуркаций) поток крови приобретает унифицированные свойства, необходимые для течения в гемомикроциркуляторном участке русла. Выявленные особенности необходимо учитывать при численном моделировании структуры внутриорганного артериального русла сердца человека и внутриартериальной гемодинамики.
АДАПТИВНЫЕ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ БИОХИМИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ПОЧЕК И КРОВИ РУКОКРЫЛЫХ РОДА НЕТОПЫРЬ, ОБИТАЮЩИХ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ БРЯНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
Authors: Karpenko Elizaveta N. , Zaitseva Elena V. , Anishchenko Lidiya N. , Kharlan Alexey L. , Krikliviy Nikolai N.
Published: September 2021

Исследование биологических особенностей рукокрылых млекопитающих связано с их адаптивными приспособлениями к полету, выявлением их местообитания, возможностями классификации и систематизации. Важное значение рукокрылых принадлежит их экологическому значению в биосистемах и для мониторинга угроз распространения инфекционных болезней. Цель исследования – выявление закономерностей биохимических показателей почек и крови рукокрылых для оценки адаптивных признаков и возможной индикации среды на примере вида нетопырь малый (Pipistrellus pygmaeus) на территории Брянской области. Гематологические и биохимические исследования крови летучих мышей проводились с использованием общепринятых методик. Определялись белковые фракции в сыворотке крови турбидиметрическим методом, рассчитывалось содержание каждой фракции в абсолютных величинах, а также альбумин-глобулиновое соотношение. Проводилась оценка ферментативной активности: активность пероксидазы, сукцинатдегидрогеназы, щелочной фосфатазы, кислой фосфатазы. В исследовании определялись катионные белки, выявлялись активности энзимов. По исследуемым биохимическим показателям рассчитывались основные элементы вариационной статистики. Полученные данные по биохимическому анализу тканей почек и крови нетопыря малого (Pipistrellus pygmaeus) рекомендуется использовать в качестве «биохимических норм», характеризующих стандарт вида, диагностических критериев при оценке иммунологического статуса и состояния рукокрылых под воздействием экзогенных и эндогенных факторов.
CALCULATION OF ION EXCHANGE COLUMN FOR PURIFYING OF LITHIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION FROM CHLORINE ANIONS
Authors: Golovanchikov Alexander B. , Sinenko Tatyana N. , Zalipaeva Olga A. , Prokhorenko Natalia A.
Published: September 2021

In the article possibility of water solution LiOH tertiary treatment from chlorine anions after electrolysis is viewed. Analyzing the existing purification methods, it is proposed to use the purification of lithium hydroxide in an ion exchange column. A mathematical model and a computational algorithm for ion exchange column having stationary and moving anionite layers AВ-17-08 in ОН-form are given. Relationships of the main parameters such as working cycle period, usage ratio of ionite exchange volume and specific ratio of solution being purified per 1 kg ionite for standard column have been received. The curves of the chlorine anions density in ionite depending on its layer height in the solution being purified in the middle and at the end of the working cycle period are given. In the article recommendations on prevention of ionite granules abrasion during the operation in ion exchange columns are given.
МЕТААНАЛИЗ АССОЦИАЦИИ ПОЛИМОРФИЗМА ГЕНА MSTN RS1805086 С СИЛОВЫМИ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЯМИ СПОРТСМЕНОВ
Authors: Aksenov Maxim O.
Published: September 2021

Обоснование. Варианты K/R гена миостатина (MSTN) (rs1805086) связаны с количеством мышечной массы у людей и ответной реакцией организма человека во время силовых тренировок, коррелируют с показателями силовых способностей скелетных мышц спортсменов. Тем не менее недостаточно достоверных данных, чтобы продемонстрировать, являются ли аллельные варианты K и R гена MSTN rs1805086 действительно генетическими факторами, которые могут влиять на силовые показатели скелетных мышц спортсменов и количество мышечной массы.
Цель. Провести систематический обзор и сделать метаанализ ассоциации полиморфизма гена MSTN rs1805086 с силовыми показателями спортсменов.
Материалы и методы. В проведенном исследовании проанализирована 71 научная публикация о миостатине и проведен метаанализ генотипа MSTN K153R rs1805086 у спортсменов тяжелоатлетических видов спорта и контрольной группой.
Результаты. Установлено, что у спортсменов экспериментальной группы более высокая частота минорного аллеля R по сравнению с контрольной (ОШ=2.02, P = 0,05).
Заключение. Таким образом, полученные результаты убедительно демонстрируют, что имеется связь между исследуемым полиморфизмом и силовыми показателями спортсменов, следовательно, дальнейшие попытки ее изучения научно обоснованы.
ОБЩЕСТВЕННОЕ ЗДОРОВЬЕ И РАЗВИТИЕ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ В РЕГИОНАХ РОССИИ
Authors: Ivanova Sembrika N.
Published: September 2021

В статье основное внимание уделено разработке методического инструментария оценки общественного здоровья и уровня развития здравоохранения в регионах России. Новизна подхода заключается в исследовании общественного здоровья как экономической категории, отражающей как затраты экономических ресурсов страны, направляемых на охрану здоровья населения, так и результативность государственной политики государства, направленной на охрану здоровья населения.
Разработан методический инструментарий многокритериальной оценки общественного здоровья и уровня развития здравоохранения в регионах России на основе интегральных индикаторов результативности и ресурсной обеспеченности системы здравоохранения. Для формирования интегральных индикаторов использованы сопоставимые по регионам России статистические данные, отражающие обеспеченность населения услугами врачей, средним медицинским персоналом, больничными койко-местами, ожидаемую продолжительность здоровой жизни, суммарный коэффициент рождаемости, коэффициент младенческой смертности, коэффициент смертности населения трудоспособного возраста.
Проведена дифференциация регионов России по интегральным индикаторам результативности и ресурсной обеспеченности системы здравоохранения. Определены основные проблемы функционирования системы здравоохранения на территориях регионов России.
Обоснованы предложения по совершенствованию подготовки медицинских кадров, повышению доступности первичной медицинской помощи, уровня оснащенности современным медицинским оборудованием медицинских учреждений, обеспечению информированности местного населения о здоровом образе жизни.
Breast cancer screening programmes in selected European countries and Poland
Authors: Jasiura Adam , Dera Izabela , Szlachcic Karolina , Gorzel Mateusz , Zmonarska Joanna
Published: September 2021

Breast neoplasms are the most common malignant tumors among women. In recent years breast cancer incidence rate has increased. Due to this fact the European Union presents evidence-based guidelines on breast cancer screening and diagnosis. Recommended and commonly used screening test is mammography. The effectiveness of prophylaxis is measured by a decrease in breast cancer mortality rate. Detailed recommendations in EU member countries differ from those presented by the EU institutions. This paper compares the screening programme in Poland to screening programmes in other EU members. The evaluation considers compliance with European screening guidelines and changes in mortality rates since the introduction of the screening programs. General guidelines in Poland are close to European ones. However, some Polish health centers still use analog mammography instead of recommended digital mammography. Furthermore, mortality rate changes in Poland maintain on a constant level due to women’s reluctant participation in screening tests.
Eating habits in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Zimna Aleksandra Iwona , Wróblewski Hubert
Published: September 2021

Wstęp : Wrzodziejące zapalenie jelita grubego i choroba Leśniowskiego-Crohna są najczęstszymi chorobami zapalnymi jelit. Farmakoterapia odgrywa dużą rolę w leczeniu zarówno zaostrzeń, jak i remisji, jednak ważna jest również dieta, którą należy dobierać indywidualnie do potrzeb pacjenta, zwłaszcza biorąc pod uwagę potrzeby pacjenta. reakcja na pokarm i objawy, których obecnie doświadczasz. Celem wprowadzenia diety jest m.in. ułatwienie regeneracji jelit, przyspieszenie i wydłużenie okresu remisji choroby oraz zapobieganie niedożywieniu u pacjentów.Cel: Celem pracy jest analiza nawyków żywieniowych i diety pacjentów z IBD w okresie remisji.Materials and methods: The results were obtained on the basis of a questionnaire survey.Results: 95 people took part in the survey, 56.4% of them suffer from UC and 43.6% from CDI, 48.5% of respondents admit that they smoke more than 10 cigarettes a day. As many as 43.6% do not do any sports More than half of respondents eat white bread and exclude blue cheese from the diet. 24.5% of respondents are mostly meat products and 13.8% - vegetables. Only 27% of respondents use probiotics, only 40% consume pickled products regularly. Almost 6% do not eat fish and 35 people do it sporadically, unlike poultry, which is eaten several times a week by less than half of the respondents, 27 of the respondents excluded smoked meats from their diets. Only 25% of the respondents do not consume NSAIDs, while for 6% their consumption is everyday life.Wnioski: Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że istnieje ciągła potrzeba edukowania pacjentów w zakresie zdrowego stylu życia, w tym promowania aktywności fizycznej oraz przestrzegania szkodliwego wpływu palenia na ich zdrowie, życie i przebieg chorób poprzez podkreślanie CDD, ponieważ palenie tytoniu pogłębia tę chorobę , podobnie jak zażywanie NLPZ. Analizując uzyskane wyniki należy zwrócić uwagę na małe zainteresowanie spożywaniem probiotyków, które mają pozytywny wpływ na mikroflorę jelitową oraz podkreślić korzyści płynące ze spożywania produktów marynowanych. Wydaje się, że dobór produktów spożywczych i stosowanej przez respondentów diety jest wyrazem indywidualnych potrzeb, subiektywnych przekonań i preferencji
The phenomenon of burnout among medical students - literature review
Authors: Nowińska Martyna , Kozyra Magdalena , Raczkiewicz Przemysław , Kaczerska Marlena , Śmiech Natalia , Milanowska Joanna
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Burnout is characterised by a triad of emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and a decreased sense of accomplishment. Distress during medical school can lead to burnout, with significant consequences, particularly if burnout continues into residency and beyond. There is a lot of research into burnout and the authors reviewed literature pertaining to medical student burnout, its prevalence, and its relationship to personal, environmental, demographic and psychiatric factors.The aim of the study: Paying attention to the correlation between academic lifestyle and occurrence burnout among medical students.Material and method: The research was done by the usage of the PubMed and Google Scholar articles about the topic of: burnout; stress; medical students; behaviour.Description of the state of knowledge: The educational process brings a considerable amount of stress to medical students that can influence mental health status and contribute to further professional burnout. According to various studies and definitions of occupational burnout, this phenomenon is observed in up to 76% of medical students. Research has identified associations between burnout and lifestyle health behaviours. Also relationship between the occurrence of burnout and suicide attempts has been demonstrated. In turn spirituality has been positively influence well-being and to prevent burnout.Summary: Undoubtedly, it is worth paying attention to the phenomenon of occupational burnout among students from the first years of medical studies. Universities should make efforts to reduce the risk of the occurrence and further development of burnout, which may have negative effects in the future work with the patient.
Application of Artificial Intelligence in Basketball Sport
Authors: Li Bin , Xu Xinyang
Published: September 2021

Basketball is among the most popular sports in the world, and its related industries have also produced huge economic benefits. In recent years, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in basketball has attracted a large amount of attention. We conducted a comprehensive review of the application research of AI in basketball through literature retrieval. Current research focuses on the AI analysis of basketball team and player performance, prediction of competition results, analysis and prediction of shooting, AI coaching system, intelligent training machine and arena, and sports injury prevention. Most studies have shown that AI technology can improve the training level of basketball players, help coaches formulate suitable game strategies, prevent sports injuries, and improve the enjoyment of games. At the same time, it is also found that the number and level of published papers are relatively limited. We believe that the application of AI in basketball is still in its infancy. We call on relevant industries to increase their research investment in this area, and promote the improvement of the level of basketball, making the game increasingly exciting as its worldwide popularity continues to increase.
Assessment of the state of intracardiac hemodynamics and myocardial remodeling in women with gonarthritis, hypertension and overweight
Authors: Pidlubna A.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The problem of comorbidity is one of the most pressing problems of modern medicine. The presence of arterial hypertension and overweight in patients with gonarthritis is associated with an earlier development of target organ damage and subsequent cardiovascular accidents. In order to assess intracardiac hemodynamics and types of myocardial remodeling in women with gonarthritis, hypertension and overweight, depending on their combinations, from 2018 to2021, a prospective study of 198 patients of the rheumatology department of the «City Hospital № 10» (Zaporizhzhia) was carried out. According to the results of the study, it was found that the presence of comorbid pathology in the form of arterial hypertension and overweight in female patients with gonarthritis negatively affects the contractile function of the heart, which is confirmed by a decrease in the main indicators of systolic function of the left ventricle; the specified combination of diseases leads to the formation of prognostically unfavorable types of left ventricular remodeling.
Psychopathology structure of affective disturbances in patients with schizotypal disorder
Authors: Pliekhov V.
Published: September 2021

The study of the structural features of the psychopathological symptomatology of schizophrenic spectrum disorders remains one of the most urgent topics in modern psychiatry; schizotypal disorder deserves special attention in this context. In order to identify the structural characteristics of affective disturbances in patients with schizotypal disorder, during 2019-2020, aprospective study of 128 patients with schizotypal disorder who were on outpatient treatment was conducted. By using clinical-anamnestic, clinical-psychopathological, psychodiagnostic and statistical methods it was revealed, that affective pathology has a significant prevalence among patients with schizotypal disorder, in the vast majority of cases it is represented by unipolar depressive symptoms, the intensity of which varies in a continuum from moderate severity of manifestations to their complete absence; in a quarter of cases affective psychopathological symptoms have a wider spectrum and reach hypomanic states; the prevalence of manic symptoms in the clinical picture lids to a partial elimination of the underlying disease symptoms; the psychopathological content of the affective sphere in one third of the examined patients with schizotypal disorder is represented by specific changes in the form of reduced affect display.
Causal relationships between the parameters of gas discharge visualization and leukocytogram
Authors: Babelyuk Valeriy , Tserkovnyuk Ruslan , Ruzhylo Sofiya , Dubkova Galyna , Babelyuk Nazariy , Zukow Walery , Popovych Igor
Published: September 2021

Background. Previously we have been shown that between parameters of GDV and principal neuroendocrine factors of adaptation exist strong canonical correlation. In the next study, we detected very strong (R=0,994) integral canonical correlation between the parameters of GDV and Immunity. This study, conducted in the same contingent, will analyze the relationships between GDV parameters, on the one hand, and Phagocytosis and Leukocytogram parameters, on the other. Material and Methods. We observed twice ten women and ten men aged 33-76 years without clinical diagnose. In the morning in basal conditions at first registered kirlianogram by the method of GDV by the device “GDV Chamber” (“Biotechprogress”, SPb, RF). Than we counted up the Leukocytogram and determined Interleukin-1 serum level. Results processed by method of canonical analysis, using the software package “Statistica 5.5”. Results. According to the value of the canonical correlation coefficient R with GDV parameters, the components of the Leukocytogram are arranged in this order: proportion of monocytes (0,769) and eosinophils (0,703), entropy of Leukocytogram (0,636), total leukocytes level (0,558), proportion of lymphocytes (0,492), stub neutrophils (0,374) and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (0,307). Coefficient of canonical correlation between parameters of GDV, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, Leukocytogram, makes 0,904; Leukocytary Strain&Adaptation Indices-1 – 0,756; Leukocytary Strain&Adaptation Indices-2 – 0,783; Interleukin-1 – 0,798. Conclusion. The above data, taken together with the previous ones, state that between parameters of Neuroendocrine-Immune complex and GDV exist strong canonical correlation suggesting suitability of the latter method.
The relevance of probiotics in therapy
Authors: Grzeszczak Konrad , Strońska Aleksandra , Rogulska Karolina
Published: September 2021

Probiotics are live microorganisms that have a positive effect on human health, in particular on the intestinal microbiota. It turned out that they not only perform an important role in the intestinal microbiota, but also affect the functioning of the immune system, reduce the incidence of allergies or significantly reduce the risk of certain types of cancer. Thanks to the proven benefits of probiotics, scientists are now looking into their use in the treatment of many diseases. The examples are Helicobacter pylori infection, Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Respiratory Tract Infection, where the significant benefits of probiotics have been proved. Until recently it was thought that they were only useful in gastrointestinal diseases, but the use of probiotics in Respiratory Tract Infection shows that probiotics can also be used to treat other diseases. Further research into the impact of probiotics on therapy is highly desirable in order to match the effects of specific strains to specific diseases.
Association between Artificial Light at Night Exposure and breast and prostate cancer risk – the review
Authors: Zając Marlena , Warchoł Konrad , Borowiecka Monika , Brzezińska Agnieszka
Published: September 2021

Introduction and purpose: Light is one of the defining features of life on the Earth, allowing certain biological processes to be subordinated to its presence and absence. With the introduction of artificial light, the human natural biological clock was dysregulated. Apart from that, the studies showed a connection between exposure to artificial light at night (ALAN) and carcinogenesis. The aim of this review was to present currently available knowledge in the online database PubMed about Association Between Artificial Light at Night and Breast and Prostate Cancer Risk Brief description of the state of knowledge: The article covers clinical and population-based control studies which indicate to ALAN exposure can lead to increased incidence of breast and prostate cancer by disruption of circadian rhythms in several mechanisms involving suppression of melatonin production, dysregulation of sleep–activity pattern and disruption of circadian genes. Conclusions: The review support an assumption that breast and prostate cancer incidence is a consequence of ALAN exposure. Further studies should clarify the relationship between ALAN exposure and other types of cancer. Besides, ALAN exposure levels should be measured more precisely than by satellite pictures analysis to reliably conduct studies proving the relation between ALAN exposure and risk of cancer development.
The relationship between internet addiction and mental health problems such as depression symptoms, anxiety and insomnia before and during Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Biedroń Natalia , Szabat Marta , Dąbrowski Jan , Dębek Karolina , Gąbka Ilona
Published: September 2021

Introduction: On the account of the Covid-19 pandemic, many governments around the world have imposed multiple restrictions on public life to prevent the spread of the coronavirus. Social disruption and forced isolation contributed to increased stress as well as increased use of the Internet.Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic on mental health problems, including Internet addiction, and to link Internet addiction with mental health problems such as anxiety, depression symptoms and insomnia.Material and methods: The data for the article was found using the PubMed and Google Scholar websites.Description of the state of knowledge: Internet addiction (IA) is becoming an increasingly serious problem of the modern world. The problem of Internet abuse is associated with various risk factors that are dependent on gender or family relationships, as well as mental disorders.Many studies have confirmed that the Covid-19 pandemic caused negative mental health effects, contributing to increased anxiety and depression symptoms. To reduce stress, people started using the internet more often. This compensatory mechanism can cause even more mental health problems by increasing anxiety, symptoms of depression and insomnia.Summary: Research by many scientists shows that the Covid-19 pandemic is exacerbating the mental health problems associated with IA. Research shows that during the Covid-19 pandemic, it is especially important to be able to manage stress through non-internet-related activities to help prevent IA.