bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La ciberradicalización: una nueva forma de victimización
Authors: Guirao Cid Maria del Carme
Published: March 2019

Los atentados del 11-S significaron un antes y un después a la hora de entender el terrorismo. Por primera vez, una organización terrorista de base religiosa no solo atentaba contra un país occidental, sino que también utilizaba en beneficio propio las ventajas que proporcionaban las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) para cometerlo. Desde entonces, el jihad pasó de ser un fenómeno local a adquirir una identidad global. Las organizaciones de este nuevo tipo de terrorismo (Al-Qaeda o Dâesh) nutren sus filas con individuos que han sido objeto de un proceso de adoctrinamiento y radicalización. Si bien al inicio este se realizaba exclusivamente en un entorno físico (offline), actualmente se observa como el ciberespacio (online) se ha convertido en el medio idóneo. En el caso de España, hace unos años el 80% de este proceso se producía en modalidad offline (mezquitas o centros universitarios), y siempre con la presencia de un agente radicalizador, pero tras la consolidación de las TIC, este porcentaje ha sido reemplazado por el entorno online. El presente artículo persigue un doble objetivo. El primero es ofrecer una explicación criminológica y victimológica al papel que tienen las TIC en el proceso de captación y radicalización jihadista. El segundo es realizar una comparación entre el proceso de adoctrinamiento offline y online.
Sağlıkta Güncel Simülasyon Yaklaşımları: Bir Derleme Çalışması
Authors: Karadayı Melis Almula , Gökmen Yakup Görkem , Kasap Lamia Gülnur , Tozan Hakan
Published: March 2019

Son on yılda, sağlık hizmeti maliyetlerindeki çarpıcı artış,
araştırmacıları ve sağlık politikacılarını maliyetleri düşürmek için yeni
yollar bulmaya zorlamıştır. Simülasyon sağlık hizmetlerinde verimliliği
artırmak ve kaliteyi yükseltmek için kullanılan popüler ve etkili bir yöntem
haline gelmiştir. Araştırmacıların sağlık hizmetlerinde gerçekleştirilen simülasyon
çalışmalarına olan ilgileri, yayın sayısında sürekli bir artışa neden olmuştur.
Bu derleme çalışmasında, sağlık alanında gerçekleştirilen ayrık olay
simülasyonu (AOS) çalışmaları özetlenmiş ve sınıflandırılmıştır. Özellikle de
yüksek düzeyde belirsizlik ve kısıtlı kaynaklar altında çalışan ameliyathanelerde
gerçekleştirilen AOS çalışmalarına odaklanılmıştır. Derleme çalışmasının
ışığında, sağlık alanında çalışan araştırmacılar ve profesyoneller gelecek AOS
araştırma ve uygulamaları hakkında yeni önerilerde bulunabilirler.
Synthesis, Characterization and Electrical Admittance Study of LaCrO3 Perovskite Compound
Authors: ÇOŞKUN Mustafa
Published: March 2019

We synthesized the ferroelectric perovskite oxide LaCrO3 (LCO) using solid-state reaction method. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy x-ray dispersive (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) have been employed to study structural and chemical analysis of synthesized powder, respectively. Electrical admittance properties of the perovskite oxide sample was performed in wide range frequency (1Hz10MHz) and temperature (-100 °C to +100 °C) using dielectric/impedance spectrometer. The results showed that the LCO has different activation energies and the calculated activation energies are of 0.175 eV and 0.220 eV from the Gdc vs. 1000/T and 0.152 eV and 0.197 eV from the f min vs. 1000/T plots, respectively. The temperature-dependent exponent s showed that the overlapping large polaron tunneling (OLPT), quantum mechanical tunneling (QMT) and the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) conduction mechanism models can be suggested for the LCO compound.
Özel Bir Hamiltonian Denklemi için λ-Simetri ve Prelle-Singer Metodu
Authors: GÜN POLAT Gülden
Published: March 2019

Lineer
olmayan adi diferansiyel denklemler için mevcut olan indirgeme metotlarından
önemli iki tanesi λ-simetri ve Prelle-Singer metodudur. Bu metotlar aynı
zamanda bahsi geçen denklemlerin ilk integrallerini ve integrasyon faktörlerini
bulmak için oldukça elverişlidir. Bu çalışma Riemann sıfırlarının spektral
realizasyonunu tanımlayan bir model olan özel bir Hamiltonian denklemine, bu
metotların uygulanmasını sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca λ-simetri ve
Prelle-Singer metotları arasındaki bağlantıya yer verilerek, bu ilişkinin
sağladığı kolaylıklar detaylarıyla açıklanacak ve Hamiltonian denklemine
uygulamaları birçok farklı durum için sunulacaktır.
Antikanser Aktivite Gösterebilecek Yeni Heterohalkalı Bileşiklerin Sentezlenmesi Ve Karakterizasyonu
Authors: GÜNKARA Ömer Tahir
Published: March 2019

Son yıllarda kanser hastalığı üzerinde yapılan
çalışmaların sayısı oldukça artmaktadır. Çeşitli kanser türlerine karşı etkili
olabilecek anti-kanser ilaçlarının yenilerinin elde edilmesi için çeşitli
çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada anti-kanser aktivite gösterebilecek yeni
bisiklik schiff bazı türevleri sentezlenmiş ve sentezlenen yeni bileşiklerin
yapıları IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, GC-MS gibi spektroskopik
yöntemlerle yapıları karakterize edilmiştir.
Elucidating Structural Details of Ras-Effector Interactions
Authors: MURATCIOĞLU Serena , ACUNER ÖZBABACAN Saliha Ece
Published: March 2019

Small membrane-associated Ras proteins mediate a wide range of cellular functions, such as cell proliferation, migration, survival, and differentiation; through binding and activating numerous effectors. Constitutively active mutant Ras proteins are detected in various types of human cancer and Ras community seeks approaches other than small-molecule Ras inhibitors; such as targeting the protein-protein interactions in the downstream Ras effector pathways and preventing its membrane localization. Although the most studied effectors of Ras, i.e. Raf, PI3K and RalGDS, bind Ras through the same site, they elicit opposing signaling pathways and thus, the temporal and spatial decision of the cell among them is critical. Elucidating the structural details of Ras/effector interactions can help us understand the cell decision and target the protein-protein interactions precisely. However, only a few crystal structures of Ras in complex with an effector are deposited in PDB. Here, the 3D structures of Ras/effector complexes were modeled with the PRISM algorithm and important binding sites as well as hot spot residues on Ras were identified. The effectors were also classified according to the binding regions on Ras, to determine the competitive pathways and the binding regions other than the “effector lobe”. The modeled complexes reveal important information about the interfaces between Ras and its partners with the potential of guiding drug design studies to block oncogenic Ras signaling.
Nerfin-1 represses transcriptional output of Hippo signaling in cell competition
Authors: Guo Pengfei , Lee Chang-Hyun , Lei Huiyan , Zheng Yonggang , Pulgar Prieto Katiuska Daniela , Pan Duojia
Published: March 2019

The Hippo tumor suppressor pathway regulates tissue growth in Drosophila by restricting the activity of the transcriptional coactivator Yorkie (Yki), which normally complexes with the TEF/TEAD family DNA-binding transcription factor Scalloped (Sd) to drive the expression of growth-promoting genes. Given its pivotal role as a central hub in mediating the transcriptional output of Hippo signaling, there is great interest in understanding the molecular regulation of the Sd-Yki complex. In this study, we identify Nerfin-1 as a transcriptional repressor that antagonizes the activity of the Sd-Yki complex by binding to the TEA DNA-binding domain of Sd. Consistent with its biochemical function, ectopic expression of Nerfin-1 results in tissue undergrowth in an Sd-dependent manner. Conversely, loss of Nerfin-1 enhances the ability of winner cells to eliminate loser cells in multiple scenarios of cell competition. We further show that INSM1, the mammalian ortholog of Nerfin-1, plays a conserved role in repressing the activity of the TEAD-YAP complex. These findings reveal a novel regulatory mode converging on the transcriptional output of the Hippo pathway that may be exploited for modulating the YAP oncoprotein in cancer and regenerative medicine.
ParB dynamics and the critical role of the CTD in DNA condensation unveiled by combined force-fluorescence measurements
Authors: Madariaga-Marcos Julene , Pastrana Cesar L , Fisher Gemma LM , Dillingham Mark Simon , Moreno-Herrero Fernando
Published: March 2019

Bacillus subtilis ParB forms multimeric networks involving non-specific DNA binding leading to DNA condensation. Previously, we found that an excess of the free C-terminal domain (CTD) of ParB impeded DNA condensation or promoted decondensation of pre-assembled networks (Fisher et al., 2017). However, interpretation of the molecular basis for this phenomenon was complicated by our inability to uncouple protein binding from DNA condensation. Here, we have combined lateral magnetic tweezers with TIRF microscopy to simultaneously control the restrictive force against condensation and to visualise ParB protein binding by fluorescence. At non-permissive forces for condensation, ParB binds non-specifically and highly dynamically to DNA. Our new approach concluded that the free CTD blocks the formation of ParB networks by heterodimerisation with full length DNA-bound ParB. This strongly supports a model in which the CTD acts as a key bridging interface between distal DNA binding loci within ParB networks.
Need-based prioritization of behavior
Authors: Burnett C Joseph , Funderburk Samuel C , Navarrete Jovana , Sabol Alexander , Liang-Guallpa Jing , Desrochers Theresa M , Krashes Michael J
Published: March 2019

When presented with a choice, organisms need to assimilate internal information with external stimuli and past experiences to rapidly and flexibly optimize decisions on a moment-to-moment basis. We hypothesized that increasing hunger intensity would curb expression of social behaviors such as mating or territorial aggression; we further hypothesized social interactions, reciprocally, would influence food consumption. We assessed competition between these motivations from both perspectives of mice within a resident-intruder paradigm. We found that as hunger state escalated, resident animal social interactions with either a female or male intruder decreased. Furthermore, intense hunger states, especially those evoked via AgRP photoactivation, fundamentally altered sequences of behavioral choice; effects dependent on food availibility. Additionally, female, but not male, intrusion attenuated resident mouse feeding. Lastly, we noted environmental context-dependent gating of food intake in intruding mice, suggesting a dynamic influence of context cues on the expression of feeding behaviors.
Conformational and dynamic plasticity in substrate-binding proteins underlies selective transport in ABC importers
Authors: de Boer Marijn , Gouridis Giorgos , Vietrov Ruslan , Begg Stephanie L , Schuurman-Wolters Gea K , Husada Florence , Eleftheriadis Nikolaos , Poolman Bert , McDevitt Christopher A , Cordes Thorben
Published: March 2019

Substrate-binding proteins (SBPs) are associated with ATP-binding cassette importers and switch from an open to a closed conformation upon substrate binding, providing specificity for transport. We investigated the effect of substrates on the conformational dynamics of six SBPs and the impact on transport. Using single-molecule FRET, we reveal an unrecognized diversity of plasticity in SBPs. We show that a unique closed SBP conformation does not exist for transported substrates. Instead, SBPs sample a range of conformations that activate transport. Certain non-transported ligands leave the structure largely unaltered or trigger a conformation distinct from that of transported substrates. Intriguingly, in some cases, similar SBP conformations are formed by both transported and non-transported ligands. In this case, the inability for transport arises from slow opening of the SBP or the selectivity provided by the translocator. Our results reveal the complex interplay between ligand-SBP interactions, SBP conformational dynamics and substrate transport.
One bout of neonatal inflammation impairs adult respiratory motor plasticity in male and female rats
Authors: Hocker Austin D , Beyeler Sarah A , Gardner Alyssa N , Johnson Stephen M , Watters Jyoti J , Huxtable Adrianne G
Published: March 2019

Neonatal inflammation is common and has lasting consequences for adult health. We investigated the lasting effects of a single bout of neonatal inflammation on adult respiratory control in the form of respiratory motor plasticity induced by acute intermittent hypoxia, which likely compensates and stabilizes breathing during injury or disease and has significant therapeutic potential. Lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation at postnatal day four induced lasting impairments in two distinct pathways to adult respiratory plasticity in male and female rats. Despite a lack of adult pro-inflammatory gene expression or alterations in glial morphology, one mechanistic pathway to plasticity was restored by acute, adult anti-inflammatory treatment, suggesting ongoing inflammatory signaling after neonatal inflammation. An alternative pathway to plasticity was not restored by anti-inflammatory treatment, but was evoked by exogenous adenosine receptor agonism, suggesting upstream impairment, likely astrocytic-dependent. Thus, the respiratory control network is vulnerable to early-life inflammation, limiting respiratory compensation to adult disease or injury.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLAR RADIATION IN REGION CLOSE TO TIMISOARA
Authors: Luminosu Ioan , De Sabata Aldo , Ilie Simona , Jovanović Dejan , Krstić Dejan
Published: March 2019

This paper presents a study on the solar potential in the south-west part of Romania based on measurements carried out and published bythe Department of Physical Foundations of Engineering and values provided by the Station of monitoring the solar radiation at the Faculty of Physics from West University. Annual thermal potential is 1247 kWh/m2/year horizontal surface. Potential thermal optimum on a tilted surface is 1456 kWh/m2/year. Quantity of heat produced in one year by 1 m2 inclined under the optimum angle; is 1094 kWh/m² / year.
Key words: irradiation, radiation, solar potential, pyranometer.
FIRES ON THE HOUSEHOLD LOW-VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION BOARD CAUSED BY THE ABSENCE OF POLE MOUNTED FUSES AND SURGE ARRESTERS
Authors: Hadžiefendić Nedžad , Zarev Ivan , Đenić Nebojša , Medić Marko
Published: March 2019

This paper deals with the issue of the fire occurrence which is caused by low-voltage electrical installations (household distribution board) due to the absence of protective devices (fuses and surge arresters) on the pillars of the electrical distribution network. The example of calculation of fault currents is given, for the fault current on the basis of which it is proved the necessity of installing of pole mounted fuse on the latest pillar of low-voltage electrical distribution network. In the paper there are examples of fire expertise for fires caused by non-installation of pole mounted fuses and surge arresters are presented.
Key words:atmospheric discharges, over-voltages, fault current, fire, pole mounted fuse, surge arrester
QUALITY ASSURANCE IN OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE
Authors: BILBAN MARJAN
Published: March 2019

Abstract:According to World Health Organization's definition, quality healthcare is one meeting agreed-upon criteria, using all current knowledge and available funds to meet expectations regarding improving the well-being of a patient and reducing health risks they are exposed to. Quality healthcare uses effective healthcare procedures, treats the right people and does so in an efficient manner, of course considering the circumstances. Due to specifics that arise in the field, occupational medicine is one of the fields where appropriate implementation of a quality assurance system could greatly improve the quality of work. Medical errors should be accepted as everyday companions of our work and as a source of valuable experience, which will help us ensure greater safety for our patients as well as ourselves. Discovery and elimination of deviations should thus become primarily a means of quality improvement as we try to establish our priorities.
Key words:quality,occupational medicine, supervision
SOUND INSULATION OF A MECHANICAL WORKSHOP
Authors: PETROVIĆ ZORAN , RADIČEVIĆ BRANKO , KOLAREVIĆ MILAN , GRKOVIĆ VLADAN
Published: March 2019

The paper presents a design process related to sound insulation of a small mechanical workshop for storing eccentric presses, which is located in a densely populated housing estate. Starting from the theoretical model of acoustic insulation power of a single solid partition, a complex partition and a multi-layer partition, the acoustic insulation power of the walls and the ceiling in the workshop was determined. The results of calculation of workshop isolation coincide to a great extent with the experimental results of measuring noise levels.
Key words: noise, mechanical workshop, sound insulation
A Study on Work Life Balance of Women Teachers in a Mangalore Engineering College
Authors: . Dhavala , Kushi Kaliyanda Bopanna , . Divyashree , Frank Reema Agnes , Kamath Sakshi Shantharam , Bennehalli Basavaraju
Published: March 2019

Women are the building blocks of the society especially the teachers. It is very difficult for women to work throughout the day by managing the work schedules as well as the family when small kids are around. The organizations always demand for more and more performance. The women employees find it hard to manage and so called work life balance will be shattered. This study made an attempt to find the level of work life balance among women teaching professionals in a Mangalore college. The study also throws light on the factors which could improve the work life balance.
Convergence Analysis and Network Properties of Wagner's Artificial Gene Regulatory Network Model
Authors: Wang Yifei
Published: March 2019

The gene regulatory network (GRN) is essential to life, as it governs all levels of gene products that enable cell survival and numerous cellular functions. Wagner's GRN model, which has mathematical roots origin from the Ising model and neural networks, is a powerful computation tool that helps integrate network thinking into biology, and motivated a new research theme focusing on the evolution of genetic networks. However, except the formal mathematicalfoundation described in [1], few papers have focused on providing further mathematical analysis of the model. Moreover, network characteristics of Wagner's GRN model when varying key parameters are unclear. Therefore, in this paper, I present a convergence analysis of Wagner's GRN model by using the Markov chain theory. I show mathematically that if we consider the evolution process as an optimisation process, then the probability of nding the optimal conguration (a certain target phenotype) converges to probability one. In addition, I investigate network characteristics such as stability, robustness and path length in initial populations. I find that generally small networks with a sparse connectivity have a higher initial stability.The robustness is also observed to be higher in initial stable networks with a low network connectivity. These results are partly explained by the pattern, as shown in this paper, that small networks with a sparse connectivity generally have a shorter path length and, therefore, they are not only able to quickly reach equilibrium phenotypic states but also more likely to resist genetic perturbations.
Evaluation of Mango Peel Extracts on the in vitro Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Development
Authors: Silva Luana Sabrine , Mizobutsi Edson Hiydu , Mizobutsi Gisele Polete , De Oliveira Denilson Ferreira , Campos Viviane Aparecida Costa , Monção Flávio Pinto , Ribeiro Regina Cássia Ferreira , Saraiva Câmara Marcos Paz , Rodrigues Maria Luísa Mendes
Published: March 2019

Aims: To evaluate the in vitro effect of mango peel extracts using different types of solvent and concentrations on the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides development.

Study Design: Activities were aimed at evaluating the in vitro antifungal potential of mango peel extracts.

Study Location and duration: The study was carried out at the Laboratory of Post-Harvest Pathology of Fruits and Vegetables - State University of Montes Claros and Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Chemistry - Federal University of Lavras during October and December 2018.

Methodology: ‘Palmer’ mango peel (Mangifera indica) was submitted to drying in oven and grinding. Subsequently, extracts were obtained in Soxhlet system, using methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane as solvents. The three extracts were tested in vitro at concentrations of 0.0; 0.25; 0.5; 1.0 and 2.0 mg/mL by adding them in culture medium against C. gloeosporioides, which was isolated from mango fruits with anthracnose symptoms. The effect of extracts and their respective concentrations on the mycelial growth rate and conidia production and germination was evaluated. The design was completely randomized in a 3 x 5 factorial arrangement with 5 replicates.

Results: Increased extract concentrations caused reduction in the mycelial growth rate of the pathogen (R2 = 0.96). Both factors under study acted simultaneously in conidia production (P < 0.05), and the hexane extract presented better results for this analyzed variable. There was total germination inhibition (P < 0.05) when 1 mg/mL ethyl acetate extract and 2 mg/mL methanol and hexane extracts were used.

Conclusion: Methanol, hexane and ethyl acetate mango peel extracts had inhibitory effect on the in vitro C. gloeosporioides development.
Perceived Stress of Infertile Couples (Male, Female) and the Factors Affecting It
Authors: Mirzaei-Moghadam Sima , Zaheri Farzane , Hasheminasab Leila , Roshani Daem
Published: March 2019

Background and Objectives: In addition to physical and mental problems caused by perception of being impotent, social reactions in the society, and the economic and emotional burden of medical costs, infertility causes emotions such as fear, depression, guilty conscience, denial and uncertainty about the future.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 560 infertile couples referring to the Kurdistan Infertility Diagnosis and Therapeutic Center in 1397. Data were collected using a demographic checklist, Newton's Perceived Stress Questionnaire, and a Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale.

Results: The results showed that gender variables, infertility factor and social support had a significant impact on perceived stress in infertile couples (P <0.05). Additionally, if other variables persist, as social support increases, the perceived stress decreases in the infertile couples. For the infertility cause variable, the stress levels of those who were the infertile spouse were high and the stress of the group whose wife was the infertile spouse was low, and those who were still not certain about the cause of infertility had a lower level of stress.

Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the perceived stress level in infertile men is more than infertile women and the perceived stress level of respondents who were infertile themselves was more than other factors.
Effort to remove Medicaid prior authorization for bupe in NJ advances
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: March 2019

Proposed legislation in New Jersey that would bar prior authorization requirements for medication‐assisted treatment (MAT) under Medicaid has sailed through several legislative committees, as medical specialists lament insurance wait times that can place patients with opioid use disorders at serious risk.
Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Intermetallics at the CuW/Al Interface with a Ni Interlayer
Authors: Wang Chan , Liang Shuhua , Cao Fei
Published: March 2019

In this work, the interface of a CuW/Al composite with and without a nickel (Ni) interlayer during solid‐state diffusion bonding is investigated. The effects of different intermetallic compounds (IMCs) forms at the interface on the microstructure and mechanical properties are analyzed. Electroless deposition of a Ni interlayer onto the surface of CuW effectively inhibits the formation of the Al2Cu phase and the thickness of the IMCs layer is greatly decreased. Meanwhile, the type of IMCs is changed, and the indentation hardness is slightly reduced. Compared with the CuW/Al composites without Ni interlayer, the CuW/Al composites with Ni interlayer provide a desirable ≈50% increase in the shear strength, which can reach 30 MPa at 550 °C. Additionally, the interface with Ni interlayer mainly consists of Al3Ni2 and Al3Ni, and the first‐principles calculation shows that Al3Ni2 exhibits a structural stability superior to Al3Ni. Experimental and calculation results consistently indicate that Al3Ni2 forms first because of the low formation enthalpy.
Synthesis of Phosphoryl Thioamides via Three‐Component Reaction of Phosphinic Chlorides with Amines and Sulfur
Authors: Kozlov Mikhail , Kozlov Andrey , Komkov Alexander , Lyssenko Konstantin , Zavarzin Igor , Volkova Yulia
Published: March 2019

A straightforward, practical, and atom‐economical three‐component synthesis of phosphoryl thioamides from phosphinic chlorides, elemental sulfur, and aliphatic amines has been developed. The scope and limitations of this transformation have been investigated. This protocol is distinguished by metal‐ and organic solvent‐free conditions, and high tolerance to various functional groups; it can be adapted for scaled‐up synthesis.

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Phenyliodonium Diacetate Mediated Carbotrifluoromethylation of Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones
Authors: Xue Wenxuan , Su Yingpeng , Wang Ke‐Hu , Cao Lindan , Feng Yawei , Zhang Weigang , Huang Danfeng , Hu Yulai
Published: March 2019

An efficient method for the synthesis of 3‐trifluoromethylquinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones by a direct trifluoromethylation of quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐one derivatives has been developed under transition‐metal‐free conditions. The strategy uses cheap and commercially available PhI(OAc)2 as a promoter, TMSCF3 as a trifluoromethylation reagent in the presence of catalytic amount of benzoquinone to give the products in good yields.
Controlled tracking in urban terrain: Closing the loop
Authors: Barbosa Patricia R. , Sarkale Yugandhar , Chong Edwin K. P. , Li Yun , Suvorova Sofia , Moran Bill
Published: March 2019

We investigate the challenging problem of integrating detection, signal processing, target tracking, and adaptive waveform scheduling with lookahead in urban terrain. We propose a closed‐loop active sensing system to address this problem by exploiting three distinct levels of diversity: (1) spatial diversity through the use of coordinated multistatic radars; (2) waveform diversity by adaptively scheduling the transmitted waveform; and (3) motion model diversity by using a bank of parallel filters matched to different motion models. Specifically, at every radar scan, the waveform that yields the minimum trace of the one‐step‐ahead error covariance matrix is transmitted; the received signal goes through a matched‐filter, and curve fitting is used to extract range and range‐rate measurements that feed the LMIPDA‐VSIMM algorithm for data association and filtering. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system in an urban scenario contaminated by dense and uneven clutter, strong multipath, and limited line‐of‐sight.
Sub‐seasonal predictability of the 2017–2018 Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone season
Authors: Gregory Paul A. , Camp Joanne , Bigelow Katrina , Brown Andrew
Published: March 2019

Multi‐week forecasts of tropical cyclone genesis are evaluated for the 2017–2018 Southern Hemisphere cyclone season. These forecasts were created with the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's new seasonal forecast system, ACCESS‐S. Forecast performance over the season showed positive Brier Skill Scores with good forecast reliability and improved skill over climatology out to week 3. ACCESS‐S provided guidance of the formation of major cyclone events during the season at more than 2 weeks lead time, including Cyclone Gita in the South Pacific which later devastated Tonga, and the landfall of Cyclone Hilda in western Australia.
Age‐related differences in delay discounting: Immediate reward, reward magnitude, and social influence
Authors: Bixter Michael T. , Rogers Wendy A.
Published: March 2019

Delay discounting refers to the tendency of individuals to subjectively devalue rewards that are to be received in the future, with high rates of delay discounting being associated with a variety of maladaptive life outcomes (e.g., unhealthy dietary and exercise behaviors). The current study explored the psychological and social processes involved in adult age‐related differences in delay discounting of monetary rewards. Younger adults exhibited higher levels of delay discounting than older adults. This increased level of patience in older adults was found whether smaller‐sooner rewards were to be received immediately or in the future. However, there was an interaction with reward magnitude, whereby younger adults exhibited higher levels of delay discounting for smaller reward magnitudes but not larger reward magnitudes. Social influence on delay discounting was investigated by having participants complete three phases of the delay‐discounting task: an individual precollaboration phase, a collaboration phase in age‐group‐matched dyads, and an individual postcollaboration phase. A convergence effect was observed in that dyad members' postcollaboration choices were significantly more similar compared to their baseline choices during the precollaboration phase. Moreover, levels of convergence were comparable between younger and older adults, suggesting age invariance in social influence on delay discounting. The current results demonstrate a degree of malleability in delay discounting that extends into older adulthood, making interventions targeting the construct a promising avenue for future research.
Insight into Different Mechanisms for Oxidation of Liquid and Gaseous Pollutants by Bi−NaBiO3 with or without Visible Light Illumination
Authors: Gong Jianyu , Chen Ayan , Wang Yunyang
Published: March 2019

In this work, self‐assembled NaBiO3 (Bi−NaBiO3) was fabricated via a facile ion‐exchange method. The synthesized Bi−NaBiO3 could produce huge amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with or without light illumination due to different mechanisms. In photocatalytic condition (PC), 0.2 Bi−NaBiO3 performed excellent catalytic property and high stability on the oxidation of liquid 4‐chlorophenol (4‐CP) and gaseous toluene, because of photo‐generated hole‐electron produced from Bi−NaBiO3. In dark condition (Dark), the self‐generated oxygen vacancy should be responsible for the generation of ROS leading to the oxidation of 4‐CP. According to materials characterization and EPR testing, for 0.2 Bi−NaBiO3, 1O2, .O2−, or .OH were detected during PC condition but only 1O2 was found in Dark condition. This work provides a novel material to remediation of polluted wastewater or indoor air both in PC and Dark conditions.
Nonmetropolitan residence and other factors affecting clinical trial enrollment for adolescents and young adults with cancer in a US population–based study
Authors: Mobley Erin M. , Charlton Mary E. , Ward Marcia M. , Lynch Charles F.
Published: March 2019

Background

Cancer survival rates in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) have shown slow improvements in comparison with other age groups, and this may be due to lower participation in clinical trials. Little evidence has been provided regarding how nonmetropolitan residence may influence clinical trial enrollment for AYAs with cancer. This study sought to determine whether AYAs from nonmetropolitan areas have lower rates of clinical trial enrollment than their urban counterparts and to examine factors associated with enrollment variation.

Methods

Data from the National Cancer Institute’s 2006 and 2013 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Patterns of Care AYA cohorts were analyzed. Patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Hodgkin lymphoma, non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, and sarcoma were included (n = 3155). Urban influence codes were used to measure the rurality of the county of residence at diagnosis, which was categorized as large metropolitan, small metropolitan, or nonmetropolitan. Logistic regression compared trial participants and nonparticipants while adjusting for patient and provider factors.

Results

Compared with AYAs from large metropolitan counties, AYAs from small metropolitan (odds ratio [OR], 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.57‐2.64) or nonmetropolitan counties (OR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.23‐2.81) experienced greater trial enrollment. AYAs treated at a hospital with a residency program (OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.63‐3.16) or by a pediatric oncologist (OR, 4.02; 95% CI, 3.03‐5.32) were associated with greater enrollment. There was a significant interaction between rurality and hospital size, which had the greatest impact on nonmetropolitan enrollment.

Conclusions

Clinical trial enrollment was higher among AYAs from nonmetropolitan counties than those from metropolitan counties, predominantly when they were treated at large hospitals.
High Performance Inverted Planar MAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells with a Simple Annealing Process
Authors: Duan Junjie , Zhang Yunfang , Yu Dengji , Wang Fang , Dai Jun
Published: March 2019

Here we report a simple and fast annealing method to prepare MAPbI3 perovskite active film for an inverted planar solar cell. The annealing process includes suspended annealing followed by contact annealing; the optimized annealing temperature is 90 °C. The MAPbI3 perovskite film shows improved crystallization and larger grain size after annealing at 90 °C. Furthermore, the MAPbI3 perovskite cell electrode deposition and efficiency test are performed in ambient air, and a high PCE of 17.12% are achieved when the annealing temperature is 90 °C. The results indicate that a high efficiency MAPbI3 perovskite solar cell can be realized by a simple annealing process with convenient equipment requirements.
Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Hierarchical Surfaces by Square Pulse Electrodeposition: Copper‐Based Layers on Gold/Silicon (100) Substrates
Authors: Akbari Raziyeh , Godeau Guilhem , Mohammadizadeh M. R. , Guittard Frédéric , Darmanin Thierry
Published: March 2019

Copper based layers were fabricated on gold/silicon (100) substrates by using square pulse electrodeposition at different deposition temperatures. The predominant crystalline plane on Cu2O samples at temperatures higher than 30 °C is (111), which is the most hydrophobic facet of Cu2O cubic structure. Different crystallite structures such as semivertical leaves, fractal trees, and octahedral pyramids were formed on the surface. These water‐repellent samples have hierarchical structures, including octahedral pyramid microstructures with small spherical balls on them and well‐branched micrometric vertical leaves on the surface. They provide a suitable surface for trapping air pockets inside the structure and increasing the water contact angle up to 154°. This approach may be applicable to the large‐scale preparation of water‐repellent surfaces as superhydrophobicity can be achieved in a one‐step deposition process without any secondary modifications.
Efficacy of targeted liposomes and nanocochleates containing imatinib plus dexketoprofen against fibrosarcoma
Authors: Çoban Özlem , Değim Zelihagül , Yılmaz Şükran , Altıntaş Levent , Arsoy Taibe , Sözmen Mahmut
Published: March 2019

The main challenges in treating cancer using chemotherapeutics are insufficient dose at the target site and the development of drug resistance, while higher doses can induce side effects by damaging nontarget tissues. Combinatorial drug therapy may overcome these limitations by permitting lower doses and more specific targeting, thereby mitigating drug resistance and nontarget side effects. Recent reports indicate that nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have anticancer potential and can be used together with conventional chemotherapeutics to improve efficacy and safety. In the present study, imatinib mesylate and dexketoprofen trometamol were selected as model drugs to develop targeted surface‐modified liposome and nanocochleate formulations for fibrosarcoma treatment. The physicochemical properties and in vitro efficacy of various formulations were evaluated by measurement of particle size distribution, polydispersity index, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, diffusion through Caco‐2 cells, and toxicity in culture. Selected formulations were then evaluated in fibrosarcoma‐bearing model mice by histopathological observations and tyrosine kinase receptor inhibition assays. The most effective formulation on the fibrosarcoma model was a PEGylated nanocochleate formulation. These findings provide a foundation for developing more effective formulations and chemotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of fibrosarcoma and other types of cancer.
Ecohydrologic structure and function of stream networks with earthen upstream and concrete‐lined downstream
Authors: Gomes Pattiyage I.A. , Wai Onyx W.H.
Published: March 2019

Concrete‐lined streams are one of the most extreme forms of river regulation. This study investigated an urban stream network with concrete‐lined (C) and earthen (E) sections. The C sections were positioned downstream of the E sections. This abrupt change of stream type due to concrete lining was compared with the predictions of river continuum concept and process domain concept. River continuum concepts predictions on the macroinvertebrate functional feeding group fractions against stream order and energy sources showed disagreements in this study. Furthermore, other than abundance of pollution intolerant species variation, most of the species responses did not support the process domain concept predictions. Correlations between explanatory variables (stream hydraulics or water quality) and response variables (macroinvertebrate composition and vegetation) observed to be dependent on stream lining and seasons. Stream discharge showed positive correlations with the pollution representative species in both section types but was more obvious in C sections. Water budget estimations showed that wastewater accounted for at least 5% of stream discharge of the C sections in the dry season. pH was the most important and significant water quality parameter of the C sections. Against expectations, nitrogen species and soluble reactive phosphorus did not have a major impact on species variables. Hydraulic variables that represented stream heterogeneity were more useful in explaining species variables of the E sections. Similar explanatory powers by the hydraulics and water quality variables of the C sections demonstrated the importance and interdependency of stream hydraulics and water quality in rehabilitating of this unique ecosystem.
Effects of infiltrator structure and hydraulic loading rates on pollutant removal efficiency and microbial community in a modified two‐stage constructed rapid infiltration systems treating swine wastewater
Authors: Su Chengyuan , Huang Zhi , Chen Menglin , Liu Fanfan , Lu Yuxiang , Nong Zhiwen , Zhu Xiaowen
Published: March 2019

The treatments of swine wastewater with variable hydraulic loading rates (HLRs) and infiltrator structure were investigated using a modified two‐stage constructed rapid infiltration system (CRIS). Furthermore, microbial community distribution at different HLRs in the CRIS was also analyzed by high‐throughput sequencing. Results indicated that when the HLR was 5.44 cm/day and 10.88 cm/day, the removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was between 68% and 73%. However, the removal rate of COD dropped to 22.3% when the HLR increased to 16.33 cm/day. Compared to the small CRIS, the removal rate of NH3‐N was stable at about 78% in the large CRIS that had ventilation in the middle of the column. In addition, at HLR 11 cm/day, majority of the taxa detected in the CRIS were assigned to Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation occurred in the middle and lower parts of the columns of CRIS. When the HLR increased to 22 cm/day, the abundance of Planctomycetes decreased from 57.48% to 38.88% in the upper layer of the first column, whereas the abundance of Firmicutes increased from 6.8% to 16.17%. Results showed the microbial community shift was observed at different HLR, influencing the pollutants removal rate. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38: e13218, 2019
Cumulative Sulfate Loads Shift Porewater to Sulfidic Conditions in Freshwater Wetland Sediment
Authors: Johnson Nathan W. , Pastor John , Swain Edward B.
Published: March 2019

It is well established that sulfide can be toxic to rooted aquatic plants. However, a detailed description of the effects of cumulative sulfate loads on sulfide and iron (Fe) porewater geochemistry, plant exposure, and ecological response is lacking. Over 4 yr, we experimentally manipulated sulfate loads to self-perpetuating wild rice (Zizania palustris) populations and monitored increases in the ratio of sulfur (S) to Fe in sediment across a range of sulfide loading rates driven by overlying water sulfate. Because natural settings are complicated by ongoing Fe and S loads from surface and groundwater, this experimental setting provides a tractable system to describe the impacts of increased S loading on Fe–S porewater geochemistry. In the experimental mesocosms, the rate of sulfide accumulation in bulk sediment increased linearly with overlying water sulfate concentration up to 300 µg-SO4 cm–3. Seedling survival at the beginning of the annual life cycle and seed mass and maturation at the end of the annual life cycle all decreased at porewater sulfide concentrations between 0.4 and 0.7 µg cm–3. Changes to porewater sulfide, plant emergence, and plant nutrient uptake during seed production were closely related to the ratio of S to Fe in sediment. A mass balance analysis showed that porewater sulfide remained a small and relatively transient phase compared to sulfate in the overlying water and Fe in the sediment solid phase. The results illuminate the evolution of the geochemical setting and timescales over which 4 yr of cumulative sulfate loading resulted in a wholesale shift from Fe-dominated to sulfide-dominated porewater chemistry. This shift was accompanied by detrimental effects to, and eventual extirpation of, self-perpetuating wild rice populations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1231–1244. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Effects of Mine Tailings Exposure on Early Life Stages of Atlantic Cod
Authors: Reinardy Helena C. , Pedersen Kristine B. , Nahrgang Jasmine , Frantzen Marianne
Published: March 2019

In Norway, mine tailings waste can be deposited by coastal submarine dispersal. Mine tailings slurry includes fine particles <10 µm with elevated levels of metals (e.g., copper, iron) from residual mineral ore. Prolonged suspension of small particles in the water column may bring them into contact with locally spawned pelagic fish eggs, including Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. Newly fertilized cod embryos were exposed to suspended mine tailings particles up to 3.2 mg/L in flow-through aquaria for a total of 21 d. Significantly more particles adhered to the surface of the chorion from the high treatment after 11-d exposure, and dissolved Cu concentrations increased in the water (up to 0.36 ± 0.06 µg/L). There was no adverse effect on embryo mortality but an 8% elevation in larval mortality. There were no differences with treatment on timing of hatching, embryo and larva morphometrics, abnormalities, or cardiac activity. There was a treatment-dependent up-regulation of stress marker genes (hspa8, cyp1c1) but no indication of metal-induced activation of metallothionien (mt gene transcription). Transcription markers for DNA and histone methyltransferases did show treatment-related up-regulation, indicative of altered methylation in larvae when developmental methylation patterns are determined, indicating some level of chronic toxicity that may have longer-term effects. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1446–1454. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.

Abstract

Exposure to mine tailings particles increases mortality in Atlantic cod larvae and results in increased expression of genes involved in epigenetic regulation.
Development and Validation of an Efficient Method for Processing Microplastics in Biota Samples
Authors: Yu Zimin , Peng Bo , Liu Liang-Ying , Wong Charles S. , Zeng Eddy Y.
Published: March 2019

The impacts of microplastics on aquatic ecosystems and biota are gaining attention globally. Although microplastics have been widely detected in biota, there currently are few standardized detection and identification methods. The present study developed a novel one-step digestion method which was evaluated with mussel and fish samples. This method employed nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide (HNO3:H2O2 = 4:1 by volume) as digestion reagents, which completely digested biota samples <5 g weight within 30 min at 50 °C. A density separation step was subsequently used to remove organic residues as necessary. The efficiency and suitability of this method were tested by spiking microplastics of 7 different types and of various sizes (1000, 900, 675, 300, 250, and 150 μm) into mussel and gastrointestinal tracts of fish. The recoveries of microplastics ranged from 90 to 100%. No significant changes in weight, surface area, and particle size (t test, p > 0.05) were observed for all tested polymers. Fourier transform infrared spectral analyses demonstrated that the method did not degrade any of the polymers except for polyethylene terephthalate. The method was demonstrated with mussel and fish samples collected from the Pearl River delta, south China, and was able to recover microplastics effectively. Overall, the present method is time-saving and easy to operate, with low procedural cross-contamination. The properties of microplastics recovered by the present method remained largely intact, greatly benefiting subsequent qualitative and quantitative analyses. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1400–1408. © 2019 SETAC

Abstract

Development and validation of an efficient method for processing microplastics in biota samples