bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
XRCC2 driven homologous recombination subtypes and therapeutic targeting in lung adenocarcinoma metastasis
Authors: Gong Han , Zhang Peihe , Liu Qiang , Tian Yuxuan , Chen Fuxin , Qian Siyi , Tu Chaofeng , Tan Yueqiu , Hu Xingming , Zhang Bin
Published: August 2024

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a leading cause of cancer mortality, with many patients facing poor prognosis, particularly those with metastatic or drug-resistant tumors. Homologous recombination genes (HRGs) are crucial in tumor progression and therapy resistance, but their clinical significance in LUAD is not well understood. In this study, we systematically characterize key HRGs in LUAD patients, identifying two distinct HR subtypes associated with different outcomes and biological functions. We establish a 5-gene scoring system (XRCC2, RAD51, BRCA1, FANCA, and CHEK1) that reliably predicts patient outcomes and immunotherapy responses in LUAD. Bioinformatics analysis and clinical validation highlight XRCC2 as a crucial biomarker in LUAD. Functional investigations through in vivo and in vitro experiments reveal the role of XRCC2 in promoting lung cancer migration and invasion. Mechanistically, XRCC2 stabilizes vimentin (VIM) protein expression through deubiquitylation. We predict c-MYC as a potential regulator of XRCC2 and demonstrate that inhibiting c-MYC with compound 10058-F4 reduces XRCC2 and VIM expression. Preclinical studies show the synergistic inhibition of metastasis in vivo when combining 10058-F4 with doxorubicin (Dox). Our findings present a potential personalized predictive tool for LUAD prognosis, identifying XRCC2 as a critical biomarker. The c-Myc-XRCC2-VIM axis emerges as a promising therapeutic target for overcoming lung metastasis. This study provides valuable insights into LUAD, proposing a prognostic tool for further clinical validation and unveiling a potential therapeutic strategy for combating lung metastasis by targeting c-Myc-XRCC2-VIM.
Designable exciton mixing through layer alignment in WS2-graphene heterostructures
Authors: Kleiner Amir , Hernangómez-Pérez Daniel , Refaely-Abramson Sivan
Published: August 2024

Optical properties of heterostructures composed of layered 2D materials, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and graphene, are broadly explored. Of particular interest are light-induced energy transfer mechanisms in these materials and their structural roots. Here, we use state-of-the-art first-principles calculations to study the excitonic composition and the absorption properties of WS2–graphene heterostructures as a function of interlayer alignment and the local strain resulting from it. We find that Brillouin zone mismatch and the associated energy level alignment between the graphene Dirac cone and the TMD bands dictate an interplay between interlayer and intralayer excitons, mixing together in the many-body representation upon the strain-induced symmetry breaking in the interacting layers. Examining the representative cases of the 0° and 30° interlayer twist angles, we find that this exciton mixing strongly varies as a function of the relative alignment. We quantify the effect of these structural modifications on exciton charge separation between the layers and the associated graphene-induced homogeneous broadening of the absorption resonances. Our findings provide guidelines for controllable optical excitations upon interface design and shed light on the importance of many-body effects in the understanding of optical phenomena in complex heterostructures.
An ancient role for CYP73 monooxygenases in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and embryophyte development
Authors: Knosp Samuel , Kriegshauser Lucie , Tatsumi Kanade , Malherbe Ludivine , Erhardt Mathieu , Wiedemann Gertrud , Bakan Bénédicte , Kohchi Takayuki , Reski Ralf , Renault Hugues
Published: August 2024

The phenylpropanoid pathway is one of the plant metabolic pathways most prominently linked to the transition to terrestrial life, but its evolution and early functions remain elusive. Here, we show that activity of the t-cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H), the first plant-specific step in the pathway, emerged concomitantly with the CYP73 gene family in a common ancestor of embryophytes. Through structural studies, we identify conserved CYP73 residues, including a crucial arginine, that have supported C4H activity since the early stages of its evolution. We further demonstrate that impairing C4H function via CYP73 gene inactivation or inhibitor treatment in three bryophyte species—the moss Physcomitrium patens, the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha and the hornwort Anthoceros agrestis—consistently resulted in a shortage of phenylpropanoids and abnormal plant development. The latter could be rescued in the moss by exogenous supply of p-coumaric acid, the product of C4H. Our findings establish the emergence of the CYP73 gene family as a foundational event in the development of the plant phenylpropanoid pathway, and underscore the deep-rooted function of the C4H enzyme in embryophyte biology.
Formation and transformation of iron oxy-hydroxide precursor clusters to ferrihydrite
Authors: Namayandeh Alireza , Borkiewicz Olaf J. , Sassi Michel , Rosso Kevin M. , Michel F. Marc
Published: August 2024

Rapid precipitation of iron oxy-hydroxide clusters at pH > 4.5 during hydrolysis can lead to the formation of metastable ferrihydrite while their aging at acidic pH (<2.5) forms stable products such as goethite and lepidocrocite.
An Fe3O4-Au heterodimer nanoparticle-based lateral flow assay for rapid and simultaneous detection of multiple influenza virus nucleic acids
Authors: Yu Dong , Zi Min , Dou Yue , Tashpulatov Khurshid , Zeng Jing-Bin , Wen Cong-Ying
Published: August 2024

An Fe3O4-Au nanoparticle-based LFA was developed for simultaneous detection of multiple influenza virus nucleic acids. This LFA showed good accuracy and satisfactory sensitivity, and could serve as a portable method for early influenza detection.
Unveiling the potential of triphenylphosphine salts in tuning organic room temperature phosphorescence
Authors: Zhang Yuxia , Wu Xiaomei , Liu Shujuan , Ma Yun , Zhao Qiang
Published: August 2024

This article summarizes the potential of TPP salts in tuning RTP properties and their applications in multi-level information encryption, high-level anticounterfeiting tags, and X-ray scintillators.
A near-infrared light-driven Janus nanomotor for deep tumor penetration and enhanced tumor immunotherapy
Authors: Ma Ke , Chen Zelong , Liang Kai , Pei Yuxin , Pei Zhichao
Published: August 2024

A near-infrared light-driven Janus nanomotor with excellent motility and collagenase activity is constructed, which can potently penetrate into tumors and significantly enhance anti-tumor immune efficacy.
Fibres—threads of intelligence—enable a new generation of wearable systems
Authors: Dang Chao , Wang Zhixun , Hughes-Riley Theodore , Dias Tilak , Qian Shengtai , Wang Zhe , Wang Xingbei , Liu Mingyang , Yu Senlong , Liu Rongkun , Xu Dewen , Wei Lei , Yan Wei , Zhu Meifang
Published: August 2024

Advancements in smart fiber technology have integrated electronics into fabrics, enabling functionalities like proactive sensing, communication, data storage and processing, real-time feedback, and energy storage. These developments could revolutionize wearable technology.
Coinage (Au, Ag, Cu) metal-catalyzed (3 + 2) annulation of α-aminoketones and electron-deficient alkynes as a route to 3-EWG-substituted pyrroles
Authors: Chikunova Elena I. , Kotikova Polina F. , Dar'in Dmitry V. , Kukushkin Vadim Yu. , Dubovtsev Alexey Yu.
Published: August 2024

Coinage (Au, Ag, Cu) metal-catalyzed (3 + 2) annulation of α-aminoketones and electron-deficient alkynes provides a modular one-step route to a variety of 3-EWG-substituted pyrroles.
New palladium(ii) β-ketoesterates for focused electron beam induced deposition: synthesis, structures, and characterization
Authors: Butrymowicz-Kubiak A. , Muzioł T. M. , Kaczmarek-Kędziera A. , Jureddy C. S. , Maćkosz K. , Utke I. , Szymańska I. B.
Published: August 2024

New mononuclear palladium(ii) β-ketoesterates [Pd(CH3COCHCO2R)2] with alkyl substituents R = tBu, iPr, Et can be promising for use in the FEBID. The most volatile and sensitive towards electron irradiation is [Pd(tbaoac)2] existing in the cis form.
Comparison of the effects of three sourdough postbiotics on high-fat diet-induced intestinal damage
Authors: Yu Yujuan , Zhou Min , Sadiq Faizan Ahmed , Hu Pengli , Gao Feng , Wang Juanxia , Liu Aowen , Liu Yue , Wu Haili , Zhang Guohua
Published: August 2024

Postbiotics derived from different sourdough confer protective effects against high-fat diet-induced intestinal damage in zebrafish, with variation observed across different species.
Ultrafast, in situ transformation of a protective layer on lithium-rich manganese-based layered oxides for high-performance Li-ion batteries
Authors: Yin Yun-Chao , Li Yan , Hu Xueshan , Zou Zhi , Chen Yuanmao , Liang Zheng , Zhou Lihui , Yang Jinlong , Wan Jiayu
Published: August 2024

We successfully used ultrafast high-temperature heating to create a homogeneous surface layer with a mixed-phase oxygen-vacancy composition on the cathode material, preserving the inherent layered structure within the cathode particles.
Degenerately doped metal oxide nanocrystals for infrared light harvesting: insight into their plasmonic properties and future perspectives
Authors: Singh Mandeep , Scotognella Francesco , Paternò Giuseppe Maria
Published: August 2024

We highlight the unique plasmonic properties of heavily doped metal oxide nanocrystals and present relevant applications in optoelectronics and sensing.
Gel electrolyte modification enables planar Li deposition and fast kinetics toward high energy Li metal batteries
Authors: Zhang Yiming , Zhao Wei , Lu Junjie , Zhang Kaibo , Zhang Nuowen , Zhao Sheng , Yang Tingrui , Han Xiang
Published: August 2024

Gel electrolyte-modified separators enable dendrite free and fast charging lithium metal batteries.
Visible-light-induced photocatalytic four-component fluoroalkylation–dithiocarbamylation via difunctionalization of styrenes
Authors: Silalai Patamawadee , Saeeng Rungnapha
Published: August 2024

A photocatalyzed four-component reaction of alkenes, CS2, amines, and fluoroalkyl halides under blue LED irradiation without using additives or strong bases is reported (48 examples with yields up to 99% including drug/natural product skeletons).
Transition metal-catalyzed C(sp2/sp3)–H α-fluoroalkenylation from gem-(bromo/di)fluoroalkenes to monofluoroalkenes: scope, mechanisms, and synthetic applications
Authors: Eliwa Essam M. , Bedair Ahmed H. , Djukic Jean-Pierre
Published: August 2024

Synthetically valuable monofluoroalkenes can be obtained via atom- and step-economical transition metal mediated catalysis with high stereoselectivity and functional group tolerance.
Rhodium-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization for synthesizing thiodihydropyrans
Authors: Wang Yunxiao , Xu Ze-Feng , Chen Jing , Yu Mingming , Guo Sheng-Rong , Li Chuan-Ying
Published: August 2024

A carbene-triggered cascade for synthesizing multi-substituted dihydropyrans from 1-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles bearing xanthates is achieved.
Bio fabricated palladium nano particles using phytochemicals from aqueous cranberry fruit extract for anti-bacterial, cytotoxic activities and photocatalytic degradation of anionic dyes
Authors: Queen J. Edal , Prasad T. Augustine Arul , Vithiya B. Scholastica Mary , Tamizhdurai P. , Albakri Ghadah Shukri , Khalid Mohammad , Alreshidi Maha Awjan , Yadav Krishna Kumar
Published: August 2024

Biosynthesis of palladium nanoparticles employing aqueous cranberry fruit extract and their potential application as biological and catalytic agents.
Dual-atom catalysts with microenvironment regulation for water electrolysis
Authors: Xu Ruoqing , Sun Rongbo , Xu Hai-Qun , Xie Gang , Ge Jingjie
Published: August 2024

Dual-atom catalysts (DACs) have emerged as highly promising and efficient catalysts for water electrolysis, primarily due to their distinct dual-atom site effects.
Regulating the electrolyte network to accelerate reversible I−/I2Br− conversion and suppress zinc dendrite formation in advanced zinc–iodine flow batteries
Authors: Zhao Ruhan , Lu Ke , Pasha Mohsin , Kuang Rongqian , Zhang Hong , Lu Songtao
Published: August 2024

We report a unique ternary hydrated eutectic electrolyte to manipulate the solvent structure and realize favorable interface engineering at both electrodes for flow cell, enabling remarkably enhanced electrochemical performance.
Facets in metal halide perovskite nanocrystals for the photoinduced electron transfer annulation reaction
Authors: Guo Qing , Lu Jun-Lin , Qin Bin , Shan Qi-Chao , Liu Le , Zhang Jin-Dan , Liu Xi , Duan Xin-Hua , Guo Li-Na
Published: August 2024

In terms of accelerated charge-carrier dynamics and suitable adsorption behaviors for the substrate and intermediate, Cube with exposed four (110) and two (002) facets exhibited higher activity for photocatalytic cascade cyclization compared to Poly.
Fast ion-conduction in solid-state Li–S batteries realized by an interfacial-bridge strategy
Authors: Yang Jing , Li Yuxuan , Zhu Kangshuai , Pan Qinmin
Published: August 2024

The construction of interfacial bridges in PAN-based PISE via the in situ polymerization of DOL simultaneously solves the ion-conduction problems both in the bulk and at the electrolyte/electrode interface in a PISE-based SSLSB.
A polyacrylamide/gelatin/tannic acid-modified carbon nanotube double network hydrogel with skin temperature-triggered adhesion and high sensitivity for wearable sensors
Authors: Liu Wenxiu , Wang Kun , Zhao Zixuan , Yan Jiani , Zhang Chenyan , Ma Shuolei , Wang Jianxiong , Guo Weihong , Wang Jikui
Published: August 2024

A PAM/gelatin/TA-CNT hydrogel with skin temperature-triggered adhesion and excellent sensing properties.
Impact of imine bond orientations on photocatalytic hydrogen generation of benzothiadiazole-based covalent organic frameworks constructed using “two-in-one” monomers
Authors: Wang Ze-Yang , Guo Jia-Xin , Sun Shuai , Han Chao-Qin , Liu Xiao-Yuan
Published: August 2024

Two benzothiadiazole-based COFs, constructed using “two-in-one” monomers, exhibit significantly different photocatalytic hydrogen generation performances due to their distinct imine bond orientations.
Low‐carbon economic schedule of the H2DRI‐EAF steel plant integrated with a power‐to‐hydrogen system driven by blue hydrogen and green hydrogen
Authors: Zou Bokang , Zhang Yuanshi , Chen Qirui , Hu Qinran , Hu Xiaoyan , Shi Jing , Li Zesen , Wang Qi
Published: August 2024

Hydrogen direct reduction iron coupled with electronic arc furnace (H2DRI‐EAF) technology, as an important technology for decarbonisation in the iron and steel industry, has the advantages of high electrification and low carbon emissions. However, the large demand for hydrogen in this technology relies significantly on the production of electrolytic hydrogen, leading to a substantial increase in power consumption in the steel production process. Moreover, the use of an unclean power source in electrolytic hydrogen production leads to increases in indirect carbon emissions, reducing the low‐carbon attributes of the technology. This study investigates the integrated flexible operation mode of a steel plant. An illustrating method is utilised for modelling the entire steel production process and power to hydrogen (PtH2) process in detail for the H2DRI‐EAF steel plant, which includes natural gas, photovoltaic, wind power self‐provided power plants, and carbon capture and storage (CCS) systems. A mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is developed for the comprehensive scheduling of the steel mill. The results of the case studies indicate that by reliably integrating the production of renewable energy and natural gas power plants, the PtH2 system can fully consume the renewable energy output while ensuring the smooth progress of steel production and maximising the reduction of carbon emissions from hydrogen production and the total cost of steel production.
Earth-like-planet-hosting systems: Architecture and properties
Authors: Davoult Jeanne , Alibert Yann , Mishra Lokesh
Published: August 2024

Context. The discovery of Earth-like planets is a major focus of current planetology research and faces a significant technological challenge. Indeed, when it comes to detecting planets as small and cold as the Earth, the cost of observation time is massive. Understanding in what type of systems Earth-like planets (ELPs) form and how to identify them is crucial for preparing future missions such as PLATO, LIFE, or others. Theoretical models suggest that ELPs predominantly form within a certain type of system architecture. Therefore, the presence or absence of ELPs could be inferred from the arrangement of other planets within the same system.

Aims. This study aims to identify the profile of a typical system that harbours an ELP by investigating the architecture of systems and the properties of their innermost detectable planets. Here, we introduce a novel method for determining the architecture of planetary systems and categorising them into four distinct classes. We then conduct a statistical study to identify the most favourable arrangements for the presence of an ELP.

Methods. Using three populations of synthetic planetary systems generated using the Bern model around three different types of stars, we studied the ‘theoretical’ architecture (the architecture of a complete planetary system) and the ‘biased’ architecture (the architecture of a system in which only detectable planets are taken into account after applying an observation bias) of the synthetic systems. To describe a typical system hosting an ELP, we initially examined the distribution of ELPs across different categories of architectures, highlighting the strong link between planetary system architecture and the presence of an ELP. A more detailed analysis was then conducted, linking the biased architecture of a system with the physical properties of its innermost observable planet to establish the most favourable conditions for the presence or absence of an ELP in a system.

Results. First, using synthetic systems, we successfully reproduce the distribution of observed multi-planet systems within the five different architectural classes. This demonstrates the relevance, at the system level, of populations of the synthetic systems derived from the Bern model and the observational bias applied. Secondly, the biased architectures (with observation bias) correspond for the most part to the theoretical architectures (without bias) of the same system. Finally, the biased architecture of a system, studied in conjunction with the mass, radius, and period of the innermost detectable planet, appears to correlate with the presence or absence of an ELP in the same system.

Conclusions. We conclude that the detections of ELPs can be predicted thanks to the already known properties of their systems, and we present a list of the properties of the systems most likely to host such a planet.
Disc and atmosphere composition of multi-planet systems
Authors: Eberlein Mark , Bitsch Bertram , Helled Ravit
Published: August 2024

In protoplanetary discs, small millimetre-centimetre-sized pebbles drift inwards which can aid in planetary growth and influence the chemical composition of their natal discs. Gaps in protoplanetary discs can hinder the effective inward transport of pebbles by trapping the material in pressure bumps. In this work, we explore how multiple planets change the vapour enrichment by gap opening. For this, we extended the chemcomp code to include multiple growing planets and investigated the effect of 1, 2, and 3 planets on the water content and C/O ratio in the gas disc as well as the final composition of the planetary atmosphere. We followed planet migration over evaporation fronts and found that previously trapped pebbles evaporate relatively quickly and enrich the gas. We also found that in a multi-planet system, the atmosphere composition can be reduced in carbon and oxygen compared to the case without other planets, due to the blocking of volatile-rich pebbles by an outer planet. This effect is stronger for lower viscosities because planets migrate further at higher viscosities and eventually cross inner evaporation fronts, releasing previously trapped pebbles. Interestingly, we found that nitrogen remains super-stellar regardless of the number of planets in the system such that super-stellar values in N/H of giant planet atmospheres may be a tracer for the importance of pebble drift and evaporation.
Multiplicity of stars with planets in the solar neighbourhood
Authors: González-Payo J. , Caballero J. A. , Gorgas J. , Cortés-Contreras M. , Gálvez-Ortiz M.-C. , Cifuentes C.
Published: August 2024

Aims. We intended to quantify the impact of stellar multiplicity on the presence and properties of exoplanets.

Methods. We investigated all exoplanet host stars at less than 100 pc using the latest astrometric data from Gaia DR3 and advanced statistical methodologies. We complemented our search for common proper motion and parallax companions with data from the Washington Double Star catalogue and the literature. After excluding a number of systems based on radial velocity data, and membership in clusters and open associations, or with resolved ultracool companions, we kept 215 exoplanet host stars in 212 multiple-star systems.

Results. We found 17 new companions in the systems of 15 known exoplanet host stars, and we measured precise angular and projected physical separations and position angles for 236 pairs of stars, compiled key parameters for 276 planets in multiple systems, and established a comparison sample comprising 687 single stars with exoplanets. With all of this, we statistically analysed a series of hypotheses regarding planets in multiple stellar systems. Although they are only statistically significant at a 2σ level, our analysis pointed to several interesting results on the comparison in the mean number of planets in multiple versus single stellar systems and the tendency of high-mass planets to be located in closer orbits in multiple systems. We confirm that planets in multiple systems tend to have orbits with larger eccentricities than those in single systems. In particular, we found a significant (>4σ) preference for planets to exhibit high orbital eccentricities at small ratios between star-star projected physical separations and star-planet semi-major axes.
PSZ2 G282.28+49.94, a recently discovered analogue of the famous Bullet Cluster
Authors: Bartalucci I. , Rossetti M. , Boschin W. , Girardi M. , Nonino M. , Baraldi E. , Balboni M. , Coe D. , De Grandi S. , Gastaldello F. , Ghizzardi S. , Giacintucci S. , Grillo C. , Harvey D. , Lovisari L. , Molendi S. , Resseguier T. , Riva G. , Venturi T. , Zitrin A.
Published: August 2024

We present a detailed study of the gas and galaxy properties of the cluster PSZ2 G282.28+49.94 detected in the Planck all-sky survey. The intracluster medium (ICM) of this object at z=0.56 exhibits a cometary-like shape. Combining Chandra and TNG observations, we characterised the spatially resolved thermodynamical properties of the gas and the spatial and velocity distribution of 73 galaxy members. The cluster structure is quite complex with an elongated core region containing the two brightest cluster galaxies and one dense group to the south-east. Since there is no velocity difference between the core and the south-east group, we suggest the presence of a merger along the plane of the sky. This structure is related to complex X-ray and radio features, and thus the merger has likely been caught during the post-merger phase. Comparing the distribution of the ICM and of member galaxies, we find a large offset of ~350 kpc between the position of the X-ray peak and the centre of a concentration of galaxies, preceding it in the likely direction of motion. This configuration is similar to the famous Bullet Cluster, leading us to dub PSZ2 G282.28+49.94 the ‘Planck bullet’, and represents an ideal situation to provide astrophysical constraints to the self-interaction cross-section (σ/m) of dark matter particles. These results illustrate the power of a multi-wavelength approach to probe the merging scenario of such complex and distant systems.
Magnetic field diagnostics of prominences with the Mg II k line 3D Stokes inversions versus traditional methods
Authors: Štěpán Jiří , del Pino Alemán Tanausú , Trujillo Bueno Javier
Published: August 2024

The Mg II k resonance line is commonly used for diagnosing the solar chromosphere. We theoretically investigated its intensity and polarization in solar prominences, taking 3D radiative transfer and Hanle and Zeeman effects into account. We used an optically thick 3D model representative of a solar prominence and applied several inversion methods to the synthetic Stokes profiles, clarifying their pros and cons for inferring prominence magnetic fields. We conclude that the self-consistent 3D inversion with radiative transfer is necessary to determine the magnetic field vector, although its geometry cannot be inferred with full fidelity. We also demonstrate that more traditional methods, such as those based on the weak field approximation or the constant-property slab assumption, can offer useful information under certain conditions.
Quantitative 2D propagation of smallness and control for 1D heat equations with power growth potentials
Authors: Wang Yunlei
Published: August 2024

We study the relation between propagation of smallness in the plane and control for heat equations. The former has been proved by Zhu \cite{zhu2023remarks} who showed how the value of solutions in some small set propagates to a larger domain. By reviewing his proof, we establish a quantitative version with the explicit dependence of parameters. Using this explicit version, we establish new exact null-controllability results of 1D heat equations with any nonnegative power growth potentials $V\in L^\infty_{\mathrm{loc}}(\mathbb{R})$. As a key ingredient, new spectral inequalities are established. The control set $\Omega$ that we consider satisfy
\begin{equation*}
    \left|\Omega\cap [x-L\langle x\rangle ^{-s},x+L\langle x\rangle ^{-s}]\right|\ge \gamma^{\langle x\rangle^\tau}2L\langle x\rangle^{-s}
\end{equation*}
for some $\gamma\in(0,1)$, $L>0$, $\tau,s\ge 0$, and $\langle x\rangle:=(1+|x|^2)^{1 /2} $. In particular, the null-controllability result for the case of thick sets that allow the decay of the density (\textit{i.e.}, $s=0$ and $\tau\ge 0$) is included. These extend the results in \cite{zhu2023spectral} from $\Omega$ being the union of equidistributive open sets to thick sets in the 1-dimensional case, and in \cite{su2023quantitative} from bounded potentials to certain unbounded ones.
Alternative stable states and disease induced extinction
Authors: Ekanayake Dinesh , La Croix Hunter , Ekanayake Amy
Published: August 2024

In this research, we study a generalization of the SIR epidemic model to observe diseaseinduced extinction in the presence of alternative stable states. We model per capita reproduction and mortality rates as functions of both population density and external indicators reflecting temporal resource variations that impact stable states. We then obtain conditions to guarantee a unique global solution for the SIR model when the rate functions are discontinuous. We further obtain conditions for the stability of two states when the external indicators are assumed to be constant. We use both deterministic and stochastic epidemic simulations to analyze models with alternative stable states for real mammalian populations. Through numerical examples, we show that changes in external indicators can, in fact, lead to the collapse of a population subject to an epidemic. However, we find a high probability of species survival in the presence of environmental stochasticity, even when the corresponding deterministic models predict extinction of the host population.
Seminom im klinischen Stadium IIA/B – machen oder nicht machen: welchen Stellenwert hat die retroperitoneale Lymphadenektomie?
Authors: Heidenreich Axel , Seelemeyer Felix , Gößmann Ruben , Heidenreich Julian , Pfister David
Published: August 2024

Ungefähr 10% der Patienten mit einem seminomatösen testikulären Keimzelltumor werden im klinischen Stadium (KS) IIA/B diagnostiziert. Die aktuellen Therapieempfehlungen der S3-Leitlinie beinhalten die systemische Chemotherapie mit 3 Zyklen PEB oder die perkutane Radiotherapie mit 30 bzw. 36 Gy. Beide Behandlungsvarianten führen zu einer hohen Kurationsrate von 90–94 bzw. 82–90% in den Stadien IIA bzw. IIB. Jedoch sind beide Optionen nicht nur mit einer signifikant erhöhten langfristigen therapieassoziierten Toxizität bezüglich sekundäre Malignome, kardiovaskulärer und metabolischer Erkrankungen, sondern auch mit einer erhöhten therapiebedingten Sterberate assoziiert. Die primäre retroperitoneale Lymphadenektomie (RLA) hat sich in 5 prospektiven und retrospektiven Studien als eine valide therapeutische Alternative entwickelt. Die Rezidivrate beträgt nach einem medianen Follow-up von 25–33 Monaten 11–30%, sodass 70–90% der Patienten ohne eine begleitende Chemotherapie kuriert werden konnten. Alle Patienten wurden im Rezidiv meist mit einer Salvage-Chemotherapie kuriert. Die Rate an operationsbedingten Komplikationen Clavien-Dindo ≥3a ist gering und beträgt nur 3–13%. Der Erfolg der Operation ist abhängig von der Erfahrung der jeweiligen Operateure und dem gewählten Template, sodass die nsRLA nur an ausgewiesenen Zentren durchgeführt werden sollte. Die präoperative Bestimmung des molekularen Biomarkers miR371 korreliert streng mit dem Vorhandensein lymphonodulärer Mikrometastasen und könnte in das diagnostische Armentarium vor Therapie der Seminome im klinischen Stadium IIA/B integriert werden.
Enhancing Radiological Reporting in Head and Neck Cancer: Converting Free-Text CT Scan Reports to Structured Reports Using Large Language Models
Authors: Gupta Amit , Malhotra Hema , Garg Amit K. , Rangarajan Krithika
Published: August 2024

Objective The aim of this study was to assess efficacy of large language models (LLMs) for converting free-text computed tomography (CT) scan reports of head and neck cancer (HNCa) patients into a structured format using a predefined template.

Materials and Methods A retrospective study was conducted using 150 CT reports of HNCa patients. A comprehensive structured reporting template for HNCa CT scans was developed, and the Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4) was initially used to convert 50 CT reports into a structured format using this template. The generated structured reports were then evaluated by a radiologist for instances of missing or misinterpreted information and any erroneous additional details added by GPT-4. Following this assessment, the template was refined for improved accuracy. This revised template was then used for conversion of 100 other HNCa CT reports into structured format using GPT-4. These reports were then reevaluated in the same manner.

Results Initially, GPT-4 successfully converted all 50 free-text reports into structured reports. However, there were 10 places with missing information: tracheostomy tube (n = 3), noninclusion of involvement of sternocleidomastoid muscle (n = 2), extranodal tumor extension (n = 3), and contiguous involvement of the neck structures by nodal mass rather than the primary (n = 2). Few instances of nonsuspicious lung nodules were misinterpreted as metastases (n = 2). GPT-4 did not indicate any erroneous additional findings. Using the revised reporting template, GPT-4 converted all the 100 CT reports into a structured format with no repeated or additional mistakes.

Conclusion LLMs can be used for structuring free-text radiology reports using plain language prompts and a simple yet comprehensive reporting template.

Key Points

Summary Statement

Large language models can successfully and accurately convert conventional radiology reports for oncology scans into a structured format using a comprehensive predefined template and thus can enhance the utility and integration of these reports in routine clinical practice.
In Vitro Biomechanical Study of Femoral Neck Fracture Fixation with Two or Three Cannulated Screws in Dogs
Authors: Caldeira Fátima Maria C. , Rahal Sheila C. , Cassanego Guilherme R. , Ribeiro Celso R. , Serrato Sergio A.A. , Mele Carlos E. , Masseran Paulo
Published: August 2024

Objective To evaluate the in vitro mechanical properties of basilar fractures of the femoral neck stabilized with two or three titanium-cannulated screws in dogs.

Study Design Ex vivo study.

Sample Population Cadaveric canine femur (n = 21).

Methods The bones were divided as follows: Group 1: control (no osteotomy); Group 2: osteotomy and stabilization with two cannulated screws; and Group 3: osteotomy and stabilization with three cannulated screws. All groups were tested with destructive axial compression with load applied to the femoral head. The stiffness, load, and displacement were evaluated at the failure of Group 1, and the yield load and displacement of Groups 2 and 3.

Results The placement of the three cannulated screws was more demanding than two cannulated screws because of the risk of cortical perforation, especially in the trochanteric fossa area. The smaller the width of the femoral neck, the higher the risk of cortical bone wall perforation. The intact control bones were stiffer (674 N/mm) than both the two-screw repair (90 N/mm) and three-screw repair (120 N/mm) groups (p < 0.05). The failure load was greatest for Group 1 (2692 N). The yield loads for Groups 3 and 2 were 586 and 303 N, respectively. There was no difference between groups for displacement.

Conclusion In vitro cadaveric models of femoral neck basilar fractures repaired with three cannulated screws were significantly stronger than two cannulated screws, but the clinical efficacy must be evaluated by comparing them in vitro with noncannulated stainless steel screws.
A strategy for more reliably obtaining Y3Fe5O12 thin films with both low damping and highly spin transparent surface
Authors: Xie Yunfei , Chen Shuyao , Yang Yucong , Gao Dong , Chen Qiuli , Bi Ziyue , Liu Yuhang , Bi Lei , Chen Haiyuan , Liu Donghua , Liu Tao
Published: August 2024

This paper reports a strategy for more reliably obtaining sputtered thin yttrium–iron–garnet (YIG) films possessing both low magnetic damping (α) and a highly spin transparent surface, which represent two of the most important properties for YIG films applied in spintronic devices. The two key points of this strategy, concluded from our systematical studies, are as follows: oxygen reactive sputtering of a slight Y-rich YIG target to avoid the over-stoichiometry of the Fe component and at the same time minimize oxygen vacancy density; and employing phosphoric acid wet etching to remove the inevitable thin magnetic dead layer formed on the surface. The feasibility of this strategy was proved by the achievement of a high quality 30 nm-thick YIG film. It possesses a ferromagnetic resonance linewidth of only 3.4 Oe at 8 GHz, α of only 4.6 × 10−4, and a very spin-transparent surface, as proved by the measured extremely large spin pumping voltage of 650.1 µV after depositing a 3 nm Pt layer.
PP/Ni—3D printed composite materials for microwave absorption
Authors: Liu Shaokang , Chao Bin , Fu Wenxin , Deng Kaixin , Li Yan , Zhang Fangxin , Wu Haihua
Published: August 2024

The increasing electromagnetic pollution due to the widespread use of electronic devices has drawn attention to the development of high-efficiency electromagnetic wave absorption materials. In this study, polypropylene (PP)/Ni composite materials were prepared using the fused deposition modeling method, with PP as the matrix. The mechanical and absorption properties were investigated, showing that the PP-based materials exhibited good mechanical performance with a tensile strength of 25.3 MPa and an elongation at break of 32.1%. At a Ni content of 50% and a thickness of 1.9 mm, the composite material showed absorption properties of −24.31 dB and 5.6 GHz. The absorption bandwidth covered the entire X and Ku bands (6.4–18 GHz) with adjustable thickness ranging from 1.5 to 4 mm. The combination of excellent absorption and mechanical properties makes these materials promising for the fabrication of complex absorber devices.
Interfacial defect reduction enhances universal power law response in Mo–SiNx granular metals
Authors: McGarry Michael P. , Gilbert Simeon J. , Yates Luke , Meyerson Melissa L. , Kotula Paul G. , Bachman William B. , Sharma Peter A. , Flicker Jack D. , Siegal Michael P. , Biedermann Laura B.
Published: August 2024

Granular metals (GMs), consisting of metal nanoparticles separated by an insulating matrix, frequently serve as a platform for fundamental electron transport studies. However, few technologically mature devices incorporating GMs have been realized, in large part because intrinsic defects (e.g., electron trapping sites and metal/insulator interfacial defects) frequently impede electron transport, particularly in GMs that do not contain noble metals. Here, we demonstrate that such defects can be minimized in molybdenum–silicon nitride (Mo–SiNx) GMs via optimization of the sputter deposition atmosphere. For Mo–SiNx GMs deposited in a mixed Ar/N2 environment, x-ray photoemission spectroscopy shows a 40%–60% reduction of interfacial Mo-silicide defects compared to Mo–SiNx GMs sputtered in a pure Ar environment. Electron transport measurements confirm the reduced defect density; the dc conductivity improved (decreased) by 104–105 and the activation energy for variable-range hopping increased 10×. Since GMs are disordered materials, the GM nanostructure should, theoretically, support a universal power law (UPL) response; in practice, that response is generally overwhelmed by resistive (defective) transport. Here, the defect-minimized Mo–SiNx GMs display a superlinear UPL response, which we quantify as the ratio of the conductivity at 1 MHz to that at dc, Δσω. Remarkably, these GMs display a Δσω up to 107, a three-orders-of-magnitude improved response than previously reported for GMs. By enabling high-performance electric transport with a non-noble metal GM, this work represents an important step toward both new fundamental UPL research and scalable, mature GM device applications.
Start/unstart hysteresis characteristics driven by embedded rocket of a rocket-based combined-cycle inlet
Authors: Yang Yiyan , Tian Zhaoyang , Yang Xue , Liu Xiaowei , Shi Lei
Published: August 2024

The RBCC (rocket-based combined-cycle) engine integrates a rocket engine into the flow passage of the ramjet engine, thereby significantly broadening the operating range and becoming one of the potential solutions for the reusable space transportations. The embedded rocket, as one of the core components of an RBCC engine, is strongly coupled to other components, such as the inlet and combustor, and can induce significant impacts on the inlet start behaviors. For the stable operation of the RBCC inlet, the start/unstart hysteresis characteristics and the reliable start boundaries driven by embedded rocket are experimentally and numerically studied. The results show that due to the function of embedded rocket jet, the inlet start/unstart hysteresis range of Mach number rises from Mach 1.79–1.87 to 1.85–1.90, and the back pressure hysteresis range changes from Pc/P∞ of 3.9–5.8 to 4.7–5.8. Meanwhile, during the increasing and decreasing process of the embedded rocket pressure, the inlet undergoes a transition between start and unstart, accompanied by hysteresis phenomena as well. Furthermore, three different control strategies are proposed for the start of RBCC inlet. Similar to the traditional ramjet inlets, the RBCC inlet can self-/re-start by reducing the back pressure. Particularly, owing to the synergistic effect of embedded rocket jet and back pressure, the RBCC inlet can self-/re-start by reducing the embedded rocket pressure from Procket/P∞ = 58 to 39 in the “embedded rocket dominated” cases, while the inlet self-/re-start can be achieved by increasing the rocket pressure from Procket/P∞ = 20 to 39 in the “back pressure dominated” cases.
Treatment of asymptotic non-adiabatic couplings with higher order reprojection method in the diabatic representation
Authors: Hedvall Patrik , Hörnquist Johan , Yakovlev Sergey L. , Elander Nils O. , Larson Åsa
Published: August 2024

The problem of asymptotic non-adiabatic couplings in heavy particle collisions is treated using the reprojection method. The mixing matrix that mixes the asymptotic solutions of the coupled states to obtain appropriate boundary conditions is here derived to second order, yielding a faster convergence of the cross section. In addition, the reprojection method is implemented in a diabatic representation and applied to inelastic scattering of Li + Na and H + H collisions and to mutual neutralization in H+ + H− collisions.
Investigating bifunctional linker-assisted photocatalytic behavior of Ag–TiO2 nanocomposites
Authors: Saroha Jyoti , Semalti Pooja , Tanwar Praveen , Kumar Mahesh , Sharma Shailesh Narain
Published: August 2024

Linker-assisted Ag-TiO2 nanocomposite (NC)-based photocatalysts have been successfully synthesized using thioglycolic acid (TGA) and 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) as bifunctional linker molecules (LMs). The Ag–LMs–TiO2 composites showed greatly improved photocatalytic performance for the degradation of an organic dye mixture under direct sunlight over bare Ag–TiO2 NCs. The efficiencies estimated from the degradation curves for Ag–TiO2, Ag–MPA–TiO2, and Ag–TGA–TiO2 are found to be 82.9%, 90.2%, and 96.1%, respectively. Compared to Ag–MPA–TiO2, Ag–TGA–TiO2 NCs exhibit an enhanced photocatalytic activity, which can be attributed to the TGA molecule's shorter chain length and, hence, faster and more charge transfer, which is duly confirmed by photoluminescence (PL) quenching and TRPL decay curves. Furthermore, higher Stern–Volmer quenching constant values (Ksv) have been obtained for Ag–TGA–TiO2 NCs compared to the bare Ag–TiO2 and Ag–MPA–TiO2 NCs from the PL quenching and estimated Ksv values for Ag–TiO2, Ag–MPA–TiO2, and Ag–TGA–TiO2 are 1400, 1950, and 2560 l−1, respectively. Interestingly, the Ag–TGA–TiO2 recycling analysis confirmed high stability and fast photodegradation up to 40 cycles. From the obtained results, it is concluded that the interfacial electron transfer kinetics in Ag–LM–TiO2 assemblies rely on the length of the alkyl-containing molecular linkers; the shorter the length, the more the charge transfer will be, thereby improving the photocatalytic behavior of the NCs.
Temperature dependence of spatial nanoheterogeneities of shear modulus in supercooled glycerol
Authors: Novikov V. N.
Published: August 2024

The boson peak in the terahertz vibrational spectrum carries information about nano-heterogeneities in the shear modulus in glass formers. Its evolution upon heating or cooling in a supercooled liquid state may shed light on the temperature dependence of heterogeneities. For this purpose, an analysis of the light scattering spectra of supercooled glycerol in the spectral range of the boson peak and fast relaxation was carried out and the parameters of the boson peak in the temperature range 180–330 K were determined. The temperature dependent frequency of the boson peak was then expressed in terms of the mean-square amplitude of the shear modulus fluctuations. This was done using the heterogeneous elasticity theory in combination with the perturbation theory on small fluctuations and Ioffe–Regel criterion for transverse vibrations in glass formers. The contribution of structural relaxation effects to phonon damping becomes significant with increasing temperature. It is shown here that structural relaxation largely determines the temperature dependence of the mean-square fluctuations of the shear modulus at high temperatures. By solving the inverse problem, the temperature dependence of shear modulus fluctuations was obtained. It shows a rapid decrease above ∼250 K with a linear extrapolation going to zero at the so-called Arrhenius temperature TA = 350 K. Comparison with literature data on the Landau–Placzek ratio shows that they have a similar temperature dependence at T < TA, which is explained by the appearance of nanometer scale spatial heterogeneities below TA. This is confirmed by the temperature dependence of the amplitude of the boson peak.
Thermal history-dependent characteristics in van der Waals ferromagnet Fe5−xGeTe2 (x ∼ 0.16)
Authors: Yadav Ramesh Lalmani , Bag Pallab , Lai Chien-Chih , Kuo Yung-Kang , Kuo Chia-Nung , Lue Chin-Shan
Published: August 2024

We investigated the thermal-history dependence of physical properties in a quenched Fe5−xGeTe2 (x ∼ 0.16) single crystal by measuring magnetization (M), electrical resistivity (ρ), Seebeck coefficient (S), and thermal conductivity (κ) as a function of temperature (T). The results reveal anomalies in these physical quantities around various transition points: ferromagnetic (TC ∼ 310–300 K), helimagnetic (TH ∼ 275 K), charge ordering (TCO ∼ 165 K), spin-reorientation (T* ∼ 100–120 K), and a Fermi-liquid (FL) phase below TL ∼ 35 K. Using power-law fitting, the M(T) analysis near TC shows that Fe moments become primarily itinerant after thermal cycling. The ρ(T) results indicate inherent residual stresses in the crystal that alter with thermal cycling, influencing ferromagnetic domain formations within grain boundaries. The system exhibits a strongly correlated FL behavior at low temperatures, which ceases above TL due to spin fluctuations. In the T-range of T* ≤ T ≤ TCO, ρ(T) and S(T) analyses suggest significant electronic band structure modifications with multiband effects. The κ(T) data indicate phonon-dominated heat transport in the crystal, with a phonon behavior influenced by inherent lattice strains following initial thermal cycles, as evidenced by the decreased phonon peak height at low temperatures. In addition, there is evidence of phonon localization and electron–phonon coupling at higher temperatures.
Electron density control by fluorides for dielectric property modulation in gaseous discharge plasmas
Authors: Ai Xin , Nie Qiuyue , Zhang Zhonglin , Lin Shu , Chen Peiqi , Yan Changshi , Yu Chuanping , Fei Zhenghang , Zhao Xingyu
Published: August 2024

Two kinds of fluorides are proposed innovatively to modulate the dielectric property of the plasma by reducing the electron density. There is a maximum of 74.41% electron density reduction after the fluorides are injected into the plasma at a magnitude of 1019 m−3, and the corresponding plasma frequency reduction is 49.42%. The fluorides proposed in this paper exhibit a wider modulation range, a faster modulation speed, and a longer maintenance time compared with SF6. The electromagnetic (EM) wave transmission characteristics in plasma are modulated correspondingly. The attenuation of S21 is reduced by 15.11–20.11 dB in 6–18 GHz, and an enhancement in the whole experimental frequency range is observed compared with SF6. The results of the paper can be applied in the mitigation of reentry vehicle's EM wave attenuation induced by the over-dense plasma sheath covering the vehicle. In addition, it also has a potential in broad applications of EM wave and plasma interactions.