bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards a new approach to query search engines: the Search Tree visual language
Authors: Paolino Luca , Sebillo Monica , Tortora Genoveffa , Vitiello Giuliana
Published: May 2010

In this paper, we describe theit Search Tree visual language. It is a novel methodology able to support users to build up complex queries to be run on given search engines. For using this visual language, neither parentheses nor precedence rules are needed, nor the specific ability to perform advanced search tasks. The language is proven to have the same expressive power as the expressions in Sum Of Product form. In order to prove the appropriateness of our proposal, we measured the usability of the proposed querying approach against the traditional Yahoo TM web search query language. Results show that, even if both the approaches fully support users in terms of efficacy, the Search Tree visual language significantly improves task efficiency, both in terms of the number of actions performed and the time requested with respect to the advanced search interface. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Web‐oriented business intelligence solution based on Associative Query Logic
Authors: Sendín‐Raña P. , Rodríguez‐Fernández E. , González‐Castaño F. J. , Costa‐Montenegro E. , Rodríguez‐Hernández P. S. , Pousada‐Carballo J. M. , Burguillo‐Rial J. C.
Published: May 2010

In this paper we present our experience in the development of a web‐based business intelligence tool according to the Associative Query Logic paradigm, which can represent large amounts of data in a way that allows extremely fast queries. It has been developed as an open‐source, multi‐platform software, relying on data compression techniques for the storage of large amounts of data in the main memory. The performance of our solution in terms of compression, load time and response time is close to that of the commercial tool of reference, QlikView. Moreover, we provide solutions to some open problems in QlikView published description, which may be beneficial to assist in the development of other open or proprietary tools. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bone Discrepancy as a Powerful Indicator for early Surgery in Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy
Authors: Terzis Julia K. , Kokkalis Zinon T.
Published: May 2010

Objectives

One of the unfortunate sequelae in obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) is upper limb length discrepancy. However, the influence of primary nerve reconstruction remains undetermined. In this study, the resultant discrepancy in children with OBPP who underwent primary reconstruction was analyzed in relation to the severity of the lesion, the timing of surgery, and the functional outcome following surgery.

Methods

Fifty-four patients that met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. Preoperative and postoperative bilateral scanograms were obtained to document the effect of reinnervation on bone growth. The length of the humerus, ulna, third metacarpal, third proximal phalange, and total limb length were measured and the percentage between the affected and normal side were accessed. Correlations between all the measures of limb length and measures of active motion (i.e., three different classification systems) were performed.

Results

Spearman's rank correlation coefficients revealed significant correlations between limb length discrepancies and nearly all measures of active upper extremity movement. The timing of surgery and the severity of the lesion significantly influenced the resultant limb length discrepancy.

Conclusions

The prevention of a non-acceptable upper limb discrepancy is fundamental for both the patient and family. The extent of the resultant discrepancy appeared to be strongly related to the time between injury and surgery, degree of severity, and the outcome of surgery. Patients with better functional recoveries of the affected upper extremities showed smaller differences in limb length.
Identification and Characterization of Δ12, Δ6, and Δ5 Desaturases from the Green Microalga Parietochloris incisa
Authors: Iskandarov Umidjon , Khozin‐Goldberg Inna , Cohen Zvi
Published: May 2010

The freshwater microalga Parietochloris incisa accumulates, under nitrogen starvation, large amounts of triacylglycerols containing approximately 60% of the ω6 very long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (VLC‐PUFA), arachidonic acid. Based on sequence homology, we isolated three cDNA sequences from P. incisa, designated PiDesD12, PiDesD6, PiDesD5. The deduced amino acid sequences of the three genes contained three conserved histidine motifs; the front‐end desaturases, PiDes6 and PiDes5, contained a fused N‐terminal cytochrome b5 domain. By functional characterization in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we confirmed that PiDesD6, PiDesD5 cDNA encode membrane bound desaturases with Δ6, and Δ5 activity, respectively. Both PiDes6 and PiDes5 can indiscriminately desaturate both ω6 and ω3 substrates. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the three genes were homologous to the corresponding desaturases from green microalgae and lower plants that were functionally characterized. Quantitative real‐time PCR revealed the concerted expression pattern of all three genes in P. incisa cells subjected to nitrogen starvation, featuring maximum expression level on day 3 of starvation, corresponding to the sharpest increase in the share of arachidonic acid.
Successful pregnancy after intracytoplasmic sperm injection with testicular spermatozoa transported only under refrigeration
Authors: Inoue Taketo , Sugimoto Hironobu , Okubo Kazutoshi , Emi Nobuyuki , Matsushita Yukiko , Kojima Kenji , Nakamura Mitsuaki , Ono Yoshiyuki
Published: May 2010

Purpose

This case report describes two successful pregnancies after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with testicular spermatozoa that were transported under refrigeration.

Methods

Two first‐time couples consulted our clinic concerned about their primary infertility. No sperm were present in the semen samples from either of the husbands and they were referred to the urology department (UD) of a neighbouring hospital. At the UD, seminiferous tubules were obtained by testicular sperm extraction. The tissue samples were put in a centrifuge tube with phosphate‐buffered saline at 6°C and placed with refrigerant in a cushioned styrofoam box that was then transported to our clinic. Immediately upon arrival at our clinic, testicular spermatozoa were extracted. On the same day, ovum pickup was performed and mature oocytes were extracted that were then inseminated by conventional ICSI. Fertilized eggs were cultured for 2 days, and then cleaved embryos were cryopreserved. In one case after 4 months and in the other case after 2 months of cryopreservation, the frozen‐thawed embryos were transferred.

Result

Both patients became pregnant and normal, healthy babies were born.

Conclusions

These results suggest that cases of obstructive azoospermia can be treated with ICSI by refrigerated transport of the seminiferous tubules, in cooperation with a UD, in a small single departmental obstetrics and gynecology clinic.
Aspects diagnostiques et thérapeutiques de la torsion du cordon spermatique au CHU Aristide-Le-Dantec de Dakar
Authors: Sarr A. , Fall B. , Mouss B. , Sow Y. , Thiam A. , Diao B. , Fall P.A. , Diagne B.A.
Published: May 2010

Objectif

Étudier les aspects diagnostiques et thérapeutiques de la torsion du cordon spermatique (TCS) dans notre pratique quotidienne et faire une revue de la littérature.

Patients et méthodes

Étude rétrospective de janvier 2002 à décembre 2009 sur tous les cas de suspicion de TCS reçus en urgence.

Résultats

La TCS était confirmée chez 58 patients après scrototomie exploratrice. L’âge moyen des patients était de 21 ans (avec des extrêmes de 1 et de 44 ans) et 48 patients (83 %) étaient âgés de plus de 15 ans. Le délai moyen entre le début de la symptomatologie douloureuse et l’arrivée aux urgences était de 102 heures (avec des extrêmes de 2 et de 480 heures); 47 patients ont été reçus après la sixième heure et 19 patients ont été référés d’une structure périphérique. La torsion était supravaginale chez cinq sujets âgés de plus de 15 ans et était sanctionnée d’une orchidectomie chez 30 patients (52 %).

Conclusion

Notre série est caractérisée par un taux élevé de castration d’où l’intérêt de mettre l’accent sur la sensibilisation des populations qui doivent venir consulter en urgence devant une grosse bourse douloureuse aiguë.
Individual and contextual parameters associated with adolescents’ domain specific self‐perceptions
Authors: Kokkinos Constantinos M. , Hatzinikolaou Stamatia
Published: May 2010

The present study examined the role of adolescents’ self‐esteem and perceptions of family and classroom contexts on their domain specific self‐perceptions. 345 Greek junior high school adolescents aged 14–16 completed measures of domain specific self‐perceptions, self‐esteem, parenting styles and classroom climate. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that both family and classroom contexts predicted students’ self‐perceptions, after students’ demographics, academic achievement and self‐esteem were controlled for. However, different patterns emerged in the relationship between family, classroom climate and self‐esteem depending on domain specific self‐perceptions. Academic self‐perceptions (scholastic, mathematics and language competences) were predicted by classroom climate dimensions (order and organization, student involvement, rule clarity), whereas self‐perceptions regarding relations with parents, close friends and behaviour conduct, were predicted by parenting styles. Given the fact that adolescence is a period of fluctuation in self‐understanding which renders self‐perceptions particularly malleable, the results support the critical role of the social environments where adolescents operate.
Prevalence and clinical correlates of deliberate self‐harm among a community sample of Italian adolescents
Authors: Cerutti R. , Manca M. , Presaghi F. , Gratz Kim L.
Published: May 2010

The aims of this study were to investigate the rates of deliberate self‐harm (DSH) behavior among an Italian adolescent sample, as well as to explore its clinical correlates. On a sample of 234 adolescents in Italian secondary schools (Mean age = 16.47; SD = 1.7) were assessed the DSH as well as externalizing symptoms (including both conduct disorder [CD] and oppositional defiant disorder [ODD] symptoms), borderline personality disorder [BPD] symptoms, dissociative symptoms, and the incidence of life‐stressors. Consistent with past research on DSH in youth, 42% of the adolescents in this sample engaged in DSH. Results indicate a positive association between DSH and all psychopathological correlates, including BPD, dissociative, and ODD and CD symptoms. Further, findings revealed an association between DSH and specific life‐stressors (i.e., psychological and sexual abuse, natural disasters and serious accidents, the loss of someone important, and the witnessing of family violence or a serious accident).
The Return of History: Museum, Heritage, and National Identity in Imperial Russia
Authors: Dianina Katia
Published: May 2010

History plays a major role in the formation of nations. Museums of history, as they emerged during the long 19th century, are pivotal sites for the display of national heritage and identity. The present article considers the origins of the State Historical Museum in Moscow as a “festival of public activity” and discusses its unique civic character. Although the idea of a public museum was not new, in imperial Russia it had existed only as a figment for much of the nineteenth century, until Russian National Museum ( Russkii natsional'nyi muzei) was founded in 1872.

The press represented the museum as an institution that should cultivate in its visitors pride for the country and “lay a foundation for national consciousness.” The museum's vast task—to visually represent the millennial history of the Russian state—qualified the Historical Museum as a national institution. The museum was “national” in another sense, too: it came to occupy a major place in public culture. Prepared by years of open discourse that problematized and prioritized issues of national identity in the course of which Russian society also learned the basic grammar of representation, the museum assumed a prominent place in society. Years before its opening, the Historical Museum had already become the talk of the nation.

Paradoxically, unlike the popular discourse built around the museum, the institution itself did not fare well. When in 1883, eleven years after its founding, the museum finally opened its doors to the public in conjunction with Alexander III's coronation, only a fraction of the overall design was implemented. Today the newly opened State Historical Museum returns to assume the role in society that was well articulated but never realized by its progenitor: to serve as an anchor of national identity, a link between the present and the past, and a monument to a revived national tradition.
Why Do Central Asian Governments Fear Religion? a Consideration of Christian Movements
Authors: Peyrouse Sébastien
Published: May 2010

Despite the freedoms each Central Asian state announced following their respective declarations of independence in 1991, numerous legislative revisions have led to the restriction of religious freedom in the 1990s and the 2000s. Tighter legislation and pressure against religion stems from the desire of Central Asian authorities to channel the risks that the “revival” of faith may pose. Although for the ruling regimes, the changes set forth in religious matters were and remain a means of giving credence to a “new era” in favor of the independent states; the management of religion is seen as one of the essential elements necessary to maintain the standards and rules that prevailed under the previous regime, revealing the difficulty to think of the relationship between state and religion in a different conceptual framework. In order to highlight the paradoxes of the Central Asian states' fear of religion, this article focuses on Christian movements, which have to deal both with a Muslim majority and with secular states afraid of the potential for competition coming from religion.
A lipocalin sequence signature modulates cell survival
Authors: Chudzinski-Tavassi Ana Marisa , Carrijo-Carvalho Linda C. , Waismam Kaline , Farsky Sandra H.P. , Ramos Oscar H.P. , Reis Cleyson V.
Published: May 2010

Lipocalins are β‐barrel proteins, which share three conserved motifs in their amino acid sequence. In this study, we identified by a peptide mapping approach, a seven‐amino acid sequence related to one of these motifs (motif 2) that modulates cell survival. A synthetic peptide based on an insect lipocalin displayed cytoprotective activity in serum‐deprived endothelial cells and leucocytes. This activity was dependent on nitric oxide synthase. This sequence was found within several lipocalins, including apolipoprotein D, retinol binding protein, lipocalin‐type prostaglandin D synthase, and many unknown proteins, suggesting that it is a sequence signature and a lipocalin conserved property.
Maternal mortality in China, 1996–2005
Authors: Liang Juan , Zhu Jun , Dai Li , Li Xiaohong , Li Mingrong , Wang Yanping
Published: May 2010

Objective

To analyze the trend in maternal mortality ratio (MMR), characteristics and causes of maternal deaths, and factors influencing the MMR in China between 1996 and 2005.

Methods

Data used in this study are based on the nationwide maternal mortality surveillance system. Trend in MMR and cause‐specific mortality were analyzed using the Cochran‐Armitage trend test.

Results

From 1996 to 2005, MMR was higher in rural areas than in urban areas; and highest in remote areas followed by inner lands and coastal regions. The overall MMR in China decreased from 64.1 per 100 000 live births in 1996 to 47.6 per 100 000 live births in 2005. MMR in rural areas, remote areas, and coastal regions showed a decreasing trend. The leading causes of maternal death were obstetric hemorrhage, pregnancy‐induced hypertension, and amniotic fluid embolism. The mortality ratio of obstetric hemorrhage in rural areas and remote areas reduced significantly (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The MMR in China displayed regional differences. Declines in rural areas and remote areas resulted from well‐targeted programs by the Chinese government. Future interventions are recommended to target causes of maternal death.
Genetic abnormalities in Turkish women with premature ovarian failure
Authors: Ceylaner Gulay , Altinkaya Sunduz Ozlem , Mollamahmutoglu Leyla , Ceylaner Serdar
Published: May 2010

Objective

To identify the distribution of cytogenetic abnormalities among Turkish women with premature ovarian failure (POF).

Method

A karyotype analysis was performed at the Medical Genetics Department of Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, for 75 women younger than 40 years found to have POF over a 5‐year period.

Results

There were 18 familial cases (24%), 1 of which involving an abnormality of the X chromosome [46,X,del(X)(q22)]. Sixteen patients (21.3%) had chromosomal abnormalities such as Xq and Xp deletions, translocations, and numerical aberrations; 2 had Swyer syndrome; 2 were fragile X premutation carriers; and 1 had galactosemia.

Conclusion

A genetic cause of POF was identified in 39 (52%) of 75 patients. A thorough genetic evaluation of women with POF should be performed regardless of clinical features suggestive of chromosomal abnormality.
Prevention of unsafe abortion in countries of Central Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Authors: Hodorogea Stelian , Comendant Rodica
Published: May 2010

Despite permissive laws and a well‐developed network of facilities, the incidence of unsafe abortion and the resulting maternal mortality is unacceptably high in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia, with one‐quarter of all maternal deaths reported to occur as a consequence of abortion. Among the reasons that oblige women to submit themselves to risky procedures are new legislative barriers to accessing pregnancy termination, the unequal distribution of abortion services and healthcare providers, the increased costs of abortion services or unofficial payments, coupled with an increase in the number of impoverished and disadvantaged individuals. The quality of abortion services remains very poor. Safe abortion techniques, including manual vacuum aspiration under local anesthesia and medical abortion, are slowly being implemented. Less safe methods such as dilatation and curettage and general anesthesia are widely used. Unsafe techniques are also practiced extensively in the case of second trimester abortions. Many women from these regions of the world still rely on and accept abortion as a means of fertility control. Although abortions have fallen significantly in Eastern Europe over the last decade, both in absolute numbers and as rates, this region continues to have the highest abortion rates in the world. Concerted efforts by governments, professional associations, and international donors are needed to reduce the consequences of unsafe abortion.
THE ROLE OF WATER IN THE GROWTH OF THE TEA (CAMELLIA SINENSIS) CROP: A SYNTHESIS OF RESEARCH IN EASTERN AFRICA. 1. WATER RELATIONS
Authors: CARR M. K. V.
Published: May 2010

With a focus on eastern Africa, the results of research on the ecophysiology and water relations of tea are reviewed. In particular, work undertaken at the Ngwazi Tea Research Station (formerly Unit) in southern Tanzania is synthesized and interpreted in relation to work reported from elsewhere in Africa (and beyond where appropriate). Topics covered include factors influencing: the components of yield, yield distribution, root growth, stomatal behaviour, photosynthesis, transpiration, xylem water potential and how cultivars vary in their responses to water stress. A companion paper (Carr, 2010) reviews the results of research on the irrigation of tea, water productivity, and its practical significance to the tea industry and the wider scientific community.
Multi-scale geometric analysis of Lagrangian structures in isotropic turbulence
Authors: YANG YUE , PULLIN D. I. , BERMEJO-MORENO IVÁN
Published: May 2010

We report the multi-scale geometric analysis of Lagrangian structures in forced isotropic turbulence and also with a frozen turbulent field. A particle backward-tracking method, which is stable and topology preserving, was applied to obtain the Lagrangian scalar field φ governed by the pure advection equation in the Eulerian form ∂tφ + u · ∇φ = 0. The temporal evolution of Lagrangian structures was first obtained by extracting iso-surfaces of φ with resolution 10243 at different times, from t = 0 to t = Te, where Te is the eddy turnover time. The surface area growth rate of the Lagrangian structure was quantified and the formation of stretched and rolled-up structures was observed in straining regions and stretched vortex tubes, respectively. The multi-scale geometric analysis of Bermejo-Moreno & Pullin (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 603, 2008, p. 101) has been applied to the evolution of φ to extract structures at different length scales and to characterize their non-local geometry in a space of reduced geometrical parameters. In this multi-scale sense, we observe, for the evolving turbulent velocity field, an evolutionary breakdown of initially large-scale Lagrangian structures that first distort and then either themselves are broken down or stretched laterally into sheets. Moreover, after a finite time, this progression appears to be insensible to the form of the initially smooth Lagrangian field. In comparison with the statistical geometry of instantaneous passive scalar and enstrophy fields in turbulence obtained by Bermejo-Moreno & Pullin (2008) and Bermejo-Moreno et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 620, 2009, p. 121), Lagrangian structures tend to exhibit more prevalent sheet-like shapes at intermediate and small scales. For the frozen flow, the Lagrangian field appears to be attracted onto a stream-surface field and it develops less complex multi-scale geometry than found for the turbulent velocity field. In the latter case, there appears to be a tendency for the Lagrangian field to move towards a vortex-surface field of the evolving turbulent flow but this is mitigated by cumulative viscous effects.
Experimental and numerical study of the wave run-up along a vertical plate
Authors: MOLIN B. , KIMMOUN O. , LIU Y. , REMY F. , BINGHAM H. B.
Published: May 2010

Results from experiments on wave interaction with a rigid vertical plate are reported. The 5m long plate is set against the wall of a 30m wide basin, at 100m from the wavemaker. This set-up is equivalent to a 10m plate in the middle of a 60m wide basin. Regular waves are produced, with wavelengths of 1.6m, 1.8m and 2m, and steepnesses H/L (H being the double amplitude and L being the wavelength) ranging from 2% to 5%. Free-surface elevations along the plate are measured with a row of 20 gauges. The focus is on the time evolution of the free-surface profile along the plate. At all steepnesses, strong deviations from the predictions of linear theory gradually take place as the reflected wave field develops in the basin. This phenomenon is attributed to third-order interactions between the incoming and reflected wave systems, on the weather side of the plate. The measured profiles along the plate are compared with the predictions of two numerical models: an approximate model based on the tertiary interaction theory of Longuet-Higgins & Phillips (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 12, 1962, p. 333) for plane waves, which provides a steady-state solution, and a fully nonlinear numerical wavetank based on extended Boussinesq equations. In most of the experimental tests, despite the large distance from the wavemaker to the plate and the small amplitude of the incident wave, no steady state is attained by the end of the exploitable part of the records.
Suppression of stimulated Raman scattering at ultra relativistic laser power: Effect of localization
Authors: GUPTA RUCHIKA , SHARMA PRERANA , SHARMA R. P. , RAFAT M.
Published: May 2010

The filamentation of the high-power laser beam is investigated by taking off axial contribution when relativistic nonlinearity is considered. The effect of filamentation of the laser beam is studied on the localization of the electron plasma wave (EPW) and on the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). The semi-analytical solution of the nonlinearly coupled EPW equation in the presence of laser beam filaments has been found. It is observed that due to this nonlinear coupling between two waves, localization of EPW takes place. This localization of EPW affects the Eigen frequency and damping of plasma wave. The new enhanced damping of the plasma wave has been calculated and it is found that the SRS process gets suppressed due to the localization of plasma wave in laser beam filamentary structures. For typical laser beam and plasma parameters with wavelength λ (=1064 nm), power flux (=1018 W cm−2) and plasma density n/ncr (=0.2); the SRS back reflectivity is found to be suppressed by a factor of approximately 8%.
Prestige, accommodation, and the legacy of relativewho
Authors: D'Arcy Alexandra , Tagliamonte Sali A.
Published: May 2010

This article presents a quantitative variationist analysis of the English restrictive relative pronouns. However, where previous research has largely focused on language-internal explanations for variant choice, the focus here is the social meaning of this erstwhile syntactic variable. We uncover rich sociolinguistic embedding of the relative pronouns in standard, urban speech. The only productivewh-form iswho, which continues to pattern as a prestige form centuries after its linguistic specialization as a human subject relative. This legacy of prestige is reflected not only in the social characteristics of those with whom it is associated, but also in the patterns of accommodation that are visible in its use. These findings simultaneously demonstrate the tenacious nature of social meaning and the enduring effects of grammatical ideology, both of which influence pronoun choice in the context of face-to-face interaction. (Restrictive relative pronouns,who, change from above, age-grading, prestige, accommodation)*
Staging Shakespeare's Plays: a Choice of Theatres
Authors: Brown John Russell
Published: May 2010

The received wisdom has long been that Shakespeare's plays are best seen in theatres that resemble his own – and the assumption is usually that these should aim to simulate the actor–audience relationship of the Globe, with its galleries and thrust stage. Yet, as John Russell Brown argues here, that playhouse, fashioned hastily from the timbers of the Theatre, was becoming old-fashioned when it was constructed, and ‘Shakespeare's theatre’ – already also the halls of city companies and the court – was soon to become the Blackfriars, with its much lower capacity and end-on stage. These elements, he argues, with their more direct and intimate visual relationship with audiences, enabled spectators to pick up clues in the writing that are lost on a larger, three-sided stage. The most recent of John Russell Brown's many books are Shakespeare Dancing (Palgrave, 2005) and, as editor, The Routledge Companion to Directors' Shakespeare (2008). In 2007 he was appointed Visiting Professor at University College London.
‘Does What?’: Acting, Directing, and Rehearsing Martin Crimp's Fewer Emergencies
Authors: Ledger Adam J.
Published: May 2010

In this article Adam J. Ledger reflects upon his recent experience of directing Martin Crimp's Fewer Emergencies. The play – a triptych comprising ‘Whole Blue Sky’, ‘Face to the Wall’, and ‘Fewer Emergencies’ – is one of a number that have been described as ‘open’, a term suggesting the absence of definitive meaning, defined characters, identifiable locale, or ‘traditional’ dramaturgy, a type of writing which has also been allied to the aesthetics of Lehmann's ‘postdramatic’. Without the ‘dramatic’, the actor may need alternative points of focus in the task of performance. In Fewer Emergencies, Crimp's stage directions also state ‘time: blank, place: blank’. What implications for acting might this provoke? Further, how can physicality be developed within such a relentlessly linguistic piece? After discussing particular rehearsal exercises, this article examines how the development of the performance moved closer to devising. However, despite the apparent openness of the text, Ledger suggests how Crimp resists ‘postdramatic’ labels and that his text can be seen as ‘closed’. Adam J. Ledger completed a PhD on rehearsal process and new work at Exeter in 2007, and is now a lecturer in drama and theatre practice at the University of Hull. He publishes on performance practice and has a particular interest in the Odin Teatret. He directs and leads projects both in the UK and abroad.
Natural and man-induced evolutionary shifts in the birds of some Cuban cays
Authors: Garrido Orlando H.
Published: May 2010

Evidence from described subspecies and sightings and collection of distinct but undescribed forms suggests that the cays fringing Cuba have harboured populations of birds that represent their earliest invaders, but that, with the advent of man (and in particular the recent development of causeways between the mainland and the cays), these relictual, endemic populations have been outcompeted or genetically swamped by more recently evolved subspecies from the main island.
The distribution, abundance and habitat preferences of the Salmon-crested Cockatoo Cacatua moluccensis on Seram, Indonesia
Authors: Marsden Stuart J.
Published: May 2010

The Salmon-crested Cockatoo Cacatua moluccensis is endemic to the Seram island group, Maluku Province, Indonesia. An apparently considerable population decline, attributed t o over-exploitation for the parrot trade, prompted CITES to ban all trade in the species in 1989. A short census was undertaken on Seram using the variable circular plot method. Cockatoo density estimates were highest in little-disturbed lowland forest and lowest in recently logged forest and in non-forested areas. Discriminant function analysis was used t o describe the distribution of the species. The discriminant profile suggested that cockatoos were associated with mature lowland forest closer to rather than farther away from settlements. No conclusions are possible as to the relative importance of bird capture and habitat alteration on the population of the Salmon-crested Cockatoo, but an urgent need for further standardized censuses of cockatoo populations, and for research concerning the population dynamics of this and other traded parrot species, is stressed.
Notes on the ecology, conservation and taxonomic status of Hylorchilus wrens
Authors: Atkinson Philip W. , Whittingham Mark J. , Garza Hector Gomez de Silva , Kent Adam M. , Maier Ruth T.
Published: May 2010

Fieldwork conducted in Veracruz and Chiapas, Mexico, between July and December 1991 indicates that the genus Hylorchilus merits retention and that the two forms, H. (sumichrasti) sumichrasti and H. (s.) navai, are good species, based chiefly on this study's discovery of their very different voices. Both are, however, ground-level feeders on invertebrates gleaned from limestone outcrops under closed-canopy forest, and both are at risk from habitat loss. Despite the very restricted range of H. navai and threats to its habitat the population is partially protected and so it is recommended it be allocated IUCN status “Rare”, while H. sumichrasti merits the existing classification “Vulnerable/Rare”.

Los trabajos de campo realizados en Veracruz y Chiapas, México, entre Julio y Diciembre de 1991 indican que el género Hylorchilus merece ser mantenido, y que las dos formas, H. (sumichrasti) sumichrasti y H. (s.) navai, son especies válidas, en base a las diferencias de voz descubiertas en este estudio. Ambas especies se alimentan a nivel del suelo, a base de invertebrados que capturan sobre rocas calizas en áreas de selva cerrada, y ambas están amenazadas por la pérdida de su hábitat. A pesar de que H. navai tiene un área de distribución muy pequeña y de que su hábitat está amenazado, la población está parcialmente protegida y por lo tanto se recomienda que se le considere en la categoría de amenaza “Rara” de la UICN, mientras que H. sumichrasti debe continuar como “Vulnerable/Rara”.
The Black-Necked CranesGrus NigricollisOf Ruoergai Marshes, Sichuan, China
Authors: Scott D. A.
Published: May 2010

The marshes of the Hongyuan-Ruoergai Plateau in northern Sichuan were visited between 27 May and 10 June 1991 to determine the status there of Black-necked CranesGrus nigricollis, to investigate reports of threats to their habitat from peat-mining, and to consider options for a protected area for the cranes. Almost 80,000 ha of wetlands in Ruoergai County were surveyed, as well as some of the contiguous wetlands in northern Hongyuan County; 240 Black-necked Cranes and 24 active nests were located. Between 600 and 900 cranes were estimated to be present on the plateau, making this the most important breeding and summering area for the species hitherto known. Neither peatmining nor hunting was judged to pose a threat to the cranes. The principal threat is drainage of habitat for pastureland: overgrazing by domestic livestock is a serious problem on the grasslands, and some drainage of bogs has already occurred in an attempt to increase the area of grazing land. The establishment of a large “crane conservation area” has been proposed, in which there would be no restrictions on the traditional activities of the local tribespeople, but where large-scale drainage, peat-mining and other development activities likely to have a negative impact on the wetlands would be prohibited.
Status, habitat and conservation of the Rufous-fronted Antthrush Formicarius rufifrons
Authors: Kratter Andrew W.
Published: May 2010

Habitat preferences of the Rufous-fronted Antthrush Formicarius rufifrons were studied along the Rio Tambopata in south-eastern Peru. All territories of this threatened species, endemic to lowland forests in the department of Madre de Dios, Peru, contained the near-juxtaposition of two distinct vegetation types: tall floodplain forest with shaded understorey, and more open, second-growth vegetation with a very dense layer of vegetation close to the ground. The latter habitat type was closely associated with disturbances, such as river erosion, tree falls, or human clearings. Two measures of antthrush density were calculated for the study area. A satellite photograph was used to identify appropriate habitat along the upper Rio Tambopata, and using the antthrush density figures, a population size of 100-500 pairs was estimated for this area. This estimate was then used to calculate a global population of 700-3,500 pairs. Approximately 207c of the global population occurs within currently protected areas. The habitat and diet of this species are discussed in relation to two othercongeners.

Las preferencias de hábitat de Formicarius rufifrons fueron estudiadas a lo largo del Tambopata en el sureste del Perú. Los territorios de esta amenazada especie, endémica de los bosques tropicales en el depto. de Madre de Dios, están compuestos por dos formaciones vegetales distintas: bosque alto de llanura y vegetación secundaria con un estrato inferior tupido. La vegetación secundaria se debe a los trastornos ecológicos, tales como la erosión fluvial, las caidas de árboles, y también a la tala de bosques. Los limites inferior y superior de densidad (tasa de población) fueron calculados en el área de estudio; los habitats apropriados se identificaron a lo largo del rio a través de imágenes de satélite y se pudo calcular un total de 100-500 parejas para la zona. Se empleó la tasa poblacional, entonces, para calcular la supuesta población global de 700-3,500 parejas. Hoy en dia, aproximadamente 20% de la población global de la especie ocurre dentro de áreas protegidas. Se trata, ademas, el hábitat y la dieta de F. rufifrons en relatión a dos especies congenéricas.
A recovery plan for Roseate Terns in the East Atlantic: an international programme
Authors: Avery M. I. , Coulthard N. D. , Del Nevo A. J. , Leroux A. , Medeiros F. , Merne O. , Monteiro L. , Moralee A. , Ntiamoa-Baidu Y. , O'Briain M. , Wallace E.
Published: May 2010

In 1987 an action plan for the recovery of the European populations of Roseate Tern Sterna dougallii was launched. Intervention on the breeding grounds has included the wardening of sites to prevent human disturbance, the provision of nest-boxes to discourage predation, patrolling and controlling to reduce predator presence, planting of Lavatera arborea to shelter nesting birds, and use of the media to establish local interest and commitment. Intervention in the wintering area has focused on Ghana and the reduction there of trapping pressure, through the “Save the Seashore Birds Project-Ghana”, which has involved site protection, legal reform, training, surveys and education programmes.
Inter-island transfers and population dynamics of Seychelles WarblersAcrocephalus sechellensis
Authors: Komdeur Jan
Published: May 2010

In the 1950s the Seychelles Warbler Acrocephalus sechellensis was a highly threatened single-island endemic species with a population of 26 individuals confined to Cousin Island in the inner Seychelles. Following long-term management of Cousin, the population steadily recovered to around 300–360 birds. In order to give the species the security of additional breeding populations, some warblers were successfully transferred to the islands of Aride and Cousine in September 1988 and June 1990 respectively. During the three years after the transfer to Aride and the first year after the transfer to Cousine, mean territory quality (measured as insect prey available) on these islands was significantly higher than that on Cousin, leading to higher reproductive success per territory and survival of juveniles and adult birds. In November 1991, all transferred birds were still alive, and 205 young had fledged successfully, bringing the total warbler population to c.585 birds. By then there was enough suitable space still remaining on Aride and Cousine for young birds to establish territories and the rise in warbler numbers is expected to continue. The successful establishment of three self-sustaining and viable breeding populations has ensured that the Seychelles Warbler is no longer a globally threatened species.
New information on the distribution of Chestnut-bellied PartridgeArborophila javanicain the central parts of Java
Authors: Nijman Vincent , Sözer Resit
Published: May 2010

The Chestnut-bellied PartridgeArborophila javanicais confined to the hill and mountain forests of Java. Until recently, its range was thought to be restricted to the western and eastern part of the island. Surveys performed in March-September 1994 in the central part of the island showed it to be present there as well. The species was found in six remnant forest patches where it was not known to occur. Data on habitat preferences and altitudinal distribution are given.
Trends in populations of Red-legged Kittiwake Rissa brevirostris, a Bering Sea endemic
Authors: Byrd G. Vernon , Williams Jeffrey C. , Artukhin Yuri B. , Vyatkin Peter S.
Published: May 2010

The Red-legged Kittiwake Rissa brevirostris is a small gull which is restricted to four breeding locations, all in the Bering Sea (Pribilof Islands, Bogoslof Island, Buldir Island, and the Commander Islands). In the mid-1970s, when the earliest counts were made at most sites, approximately 260,000 birds were present at breeding colonies. Subsequent counts indicated that populations at Bogoslof and Buldir had increased by the early 1990s. Data for the Commander Islands were inadequate to make strong conclusions about trends but there were no indications of substantial change between the 1970s and 1990s. In contrast, Red-legged Kittiwakes have declined in the Pribilof Islands by approximately 50% since the mid-1970s, a matter of concern because this island group once contained more than 80% of the world's population. Research is needed to determine causes for declines in Red-legged Kittiwakes and population monitoring should continue to provide a basis for conservation measures.
Museum specimens: science, conservation and morality
Authors: Remsen J. V.
Published: May 2010

Bekoff and Elzanowski (1997) (hereafter “BE”) have criticized my paper on the continuing importance of collecting scientific specimens of birds, focusing primarily on a brief section concerning “moral objections” to scientific collecting. BE seem to state either that it is acceptable to kill birds as long as every effort is made to reduce suffering, or that it is never acceptable to kill birds because suffering is unavoidable, depending on which portion of their essay is regarded as paramount. If their message is the former, then I and other museum scientists concur completely, because we already do this (contrary to the implications of BE). If their message is the latter, then we have an impasse, with two different sets of personal moral standards. Although virtually every sentence by BE can be criticized, I restrict my rebuttal to the “top 10” most-revealing statements.
Status and conservation of Magellanic PenguinsSpheniscus magellanicusin Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Gandini Patricia , Frere Esteban , Boersma P. Dee
Published: May 2010

There are 36 breeding colonies of Magellanic PenguinsSpheniscus magellanicusalong the coast of mainland Argentina. During the breeding period we counted the number of active nests and estimated the breeding population was approximately 652,000 pairs. Development of coastal areas is diminishing the quality of Magellanic Penguin breeding habitat and reducing penguin reproductive success. Adult mortality rates are increasing because of human activities. Maritime petroleum traffic and petroleum operations are known to cause mortality. Fishing activities cause incidental mortality and may negatively affect penguin foraging and reproductive success. In some areas, offal is increasing gull populations with a corresponding increase in predation on penguin eggs and chicks, thereby lowering reproductive success. These sources of mortality are relatively recent and are human caused. We found three areas where human activities are of particular concern: Península Valdés, Golfo San Jorge and Estrecho de Magallanes. Human impacts on Magellanic Penguin populations could be reduced, benefiting the tourist industry where yearly tens of thousands of people come to the provinces of Chubut and Santa Cruz to visit penguin colonies.

Existen 36 colonias de pingüino de MagallanesSpheniscus magellanicusa lo largo de la costa Argentina. La población reproductiva se estimó en 652,000 parejas realizando un conteo de nidos activos durante la estación reproductiva. El desarrollo de las áreas costeras está reduciendo la calidad del hábitat de reproducción y el éxito reproductivo del pingüino de Magallanes. El tráfico de petróleo y las actividades relacionadas son conocidas causas de mortalidad. Las actividades pesqueras están causando mortalidad incidental y pueden estar afectando negativamente el éxito de alimentatión y reproductivo. En algunas áreas la basura está contribuyendo al aumento de la población de gaviotas, incrementándose la predación sobre huevos y pichones de pingüino reduciendo su éxito reproductivo. Estas fuentes de mortalidad son relativamente recientes y provocadas por el hombre. Hemos detectado tres áreas donde la mortalidad relacionada con actividades humanas es preocupante: Península Valdés, Golfo San Jorge y Estrecho de Magallanes. El impacto humano sobre la población de pingüino de Magallanes podría reducirse y beneficiar la industria turística de las provincias de Chubut y Santa Cruz, donde anualmente decenas de miles de personas visitan las colonias reproductivas del pingüino.
Conservation status and vocal and morphological description of the Grand Comoro Scops Owl Otus pauliani Benson 1960
Authors: Herremans M. , Louette M. , Stevens J.
Published: May 2010

The Grand Comoro Scops Owl Otus pauliani, confined to forest on Mount Karthala on Grand Comoro, Indian Ocean, is a distinct species based on the evidence of its plumage and voice. In November 1989 studies of territorial calling birds at night revealed its presence between 1,000 and 1,900 m on the north, west and south flanks of the volcano, on which there exists some 10,000 ha of suitable habitat. As territory sizes may be only 5 ha, the population could well be over 1,000 pairs but, although this is encouraging, there remains a long-term threat from forest loss through habitat fragmentation (fires, logging) and the spread of the Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis.
The status and current distribution of the Crested Argus Rheinardia ocellata nigrescens in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Mamat Ismail HJ. , Yasak Mohd Nawayai
Published: May 2010

The Crested Argus Rheinardia ocellata nigrescens is endemic to Peninsular Malaysia and is threatened with extinction. It is known from elevations above 600 m and is limited to a few mountain ranges in Peninsular Malaysia. First described in 1902, this subspecies was only known from Gunung Tahan and Gunung Rabung for many years. Recent surveys have added several new sites: Gunung Mandi Angin and Gunung Gagau, Gunung Penumpu and Camp Kor. All known sites are in Taman Negara National Park.
Conservation status of the Sichuan Hill-partridge Arborophila rufipectus in China
Authors: Bo Dai , Dowell Simon D. , Martins Rodney P. , Williams Robert S. R.
Published: May 2010

The critically endangered Sichuan Hill-partridge Arborophila rufipectus occupies a restricted range in south-central China. Field surveys within this range were undertaken using line transects in 1996 and 1997. Calling males were recorded from nine subtropical forest tracts within an area totalling 1,793 km2 and consisting of primary, natural secondary and replanted broadleaf forest between 1,100 and 2,235 m elevation. The only sightings obtained were in primary forest. The mean density of calling males estimated from data collected during transect surveys was 0.48 ± 0.06 and 0.24 ± 0.16 calling birds km−2 in 1996 and 1997 respectively. There was no difference in density estimates for calling males between primary forest and secondary/replanted broadleaf forest. The principal threat to the continued survival of the species is clear-felling of primary forest, but clear-felled areas are often replanted with native broadleaf trees and records of Sichuan Hill-partridge calls in such plantations offers hope for its future survival. Forest management should be modified to make forestry practices more sympathetic to the conservation of the Sichuan Hill-partridge.
Status and distribution of White-winged Black Tit Parus nuchalis in Kachchh, Gujarat, India
Authors: Hussain S. A. , Akhtar S. Asad , Tiwari J. K.
Published: May 2010

The White-winged Black Tit Parus nuchalis is an endemic Indian species threatened by the destruction of its Acacia scrub forest habitat. Historical and recent unpublished records are here combined to provide a new assessment of its disjunct range. Only three records exist from its southern area of distribution; against this, there were 27 sightings of up to four individuals between 1976 and 1991 at 14 localities in Kachchh. The species urgently needs measures to preserve its habitat, and particularly its nest trees.