bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are two naïve and distributed heads better than one? Factors influencing the performance of teams in a challenging real-time task
Authors: Blanchard Matthew D. , Kleitman Sabina , Aidman Eugene
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Collective decisions in dynamic tasks can be influenced by multiple factors, including the operational conditions, quality and quantity of communication, and individual differences. These factors may influence whether two heads perform better than one. This study examined the “two heads are better than one” effect (2HBT1) in distributed two-person driver-navigator teams with asymmetrical roles performing a challenging simulated driving task. We also examined the influence of communication quality and quantity on team performance under different operational conditions. In addition to traditional measures of communication volume (duration and speaking turns), patterns of communication quality (optimality of timing and accuracy of instructions) were captured.

Methods

Participants completed a simulated driving task under two operational conditions (normal and fog) either as individual drivers (N = 134; 87 females, mean age = 19.80, SD = 3.35) or two-person teams (driver and navigator; N = 80; 109 females, mean age = 19.70, SD = 4.69). The normal condition was characterized by high visibility for both driver and navigator. The fog condition was characterized by reduced visibility for the driver but not for the navigator. Participants were also measured on a range of cognitive and personality constructs.

Results

Teams had fewer collisions than individuals during normal conditions but not during fog conditions when teams had an informational advantage over individuals. Furthermore, teams drove slower than individuals during fog conditions but not during normal conditions. Communication that was poorly timed and/or inaccurate was a positive predictor of accuracy (i.e., collisions) during the normal condition and communication that was well timed and accurate was a negative predictor of speed during the fog condition. Our novel measure of communication quality (i.e., content of communication) was a stronger predictor of accuracy, but volume of communication was a stronger predictor of time (i.e., speed).

Discussion

Results indicate when team performance thrives and succumbs compared with individual performance and informs theory about the 2HBT1 effect and team communication.
Individual perspectives and mental maps of working conditions and intention to stay of physicians in academic medicine
Authors: Hasebrook Joachim , Hecke Juliane , Volkert Thomas , Singer Maren , Hinkelmann Juergen , Michalak Leonie , Hahnenkamp Klaus
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Job satisfaction has a strong impact on the intention to stay which is an important aspect to counter skills shortage in academic medicine. The purpose of the three studies reported here is to find out what specific factors are relevant for the intention to stay and turnover intention of physicians in academic medicine –and what measures might have a positive impact on employee retention.

Methods

In an interview study combining qualitative and quantitative methods, we investigated how the individual mental representation of working conditions influences job satisfaction and its impact on the intention to stay. In total, 178 physicians from German university hospitals, residents, and physicians, in 15 departments of anesthesiology were interviewed and surveyed. In a first study, chief physicians participated in interviews about job satisfaction in academic hospitals. Answers were segmented into statements, ordered by topics, and rated according to their valence. In a second study, assistant physicians during and after their training period talked about strengths, weaknesses, and potential improvements of working conditions. Answers were segmented, ordered, rated, and used to develop a “satisfaction scale.” In a third study, physicians participated in a computer-led repertory grid procedure composing ‘mental maps’ of job satisfaction factors, filled in the job satisfaction scale and rated if they would recommend work and training in their clinic as well as their intention to stay.

Results

Comparing the interview results with recommendation rates and intention to stay show that high workload and poor career perspectives are linked to a negative attitude. A positive attitude towards work environment and high intention to stay is based on sufficient personnel and technical capacities, reliable duty scheduling and fair salaries. The third study using repertory grids showed that the perception of current teamwork and future developments concerning work environment were the main aspects to improve job satisfaction and the intention to stay.

Discussion

The results of the interview studies were used to develop an array of adaptive improvement measure. The results support prior findings that job dissatisfaction is mostly based on generally known “hygiene factors” and whereas job satisfaction is due to individual aspects.
The contribution of anthropology to the study of Open Dialogue: ethnographic research methods and opportunities
Authors: Mosse David , Baker Darren , Carroll Molly , Chase Liana , Kloocke Ruth , Wickremasinghe Kiara , Cramer Bethan , Pratt-Boyden Keira , Wuerth Milena
Published: May 2023

When Open Dialogue diversifies internationally as an approach to mental healthcare, so too do the research methodologies used to describe, explain and evaluate this alternative to existing psychiatric services. This article considers the contribution of anthropology and its core method of ethnography among these approaches. It reviews the methodological opportunities in mental health research opened up by anthropology, and specifically the detailed knowledge about clinical processes and institutional contexts. Such knowledge is important in order to generalize innovations in practice by identifying contextual factors necessary to implementation that are unknowable in advance. The article explains the ethnographic mode of investigation, exploring this in more detail with an account of the method of one anthropological study under way in the UK focused on Peer-Supported Open Dialogue (POD) in the National Health Service (NHS). It sets out the objectives, design and scope of this research study, the varied roles of researchers, the sites of field research and the specific interaction between ethnography and Open Dialogue. This study is original in its design, context, conduct and the kind of data produced, and presents both opportunities and challenges. These are explained in order to raise issues of method that are of wider relevance to Open Dialogue research and anthropology.
The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in college students by continents and national income during the COVID-19 pandemic: a meta-analysis
Authors: Hu Biao , Yang Xiling , Tuo Xiaoqian
Published: May 2023

Introduction

The present study aimed to provide a more accurate representation of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in college students during COVID-19 by performing meta-analyses by continents, national income, and study majors, and comparing the results with estimated pooled prevalence.

Methods

Based on the guideline of PRISMA, literature was searched in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. The prevalence of PTSD was estimated through a random model based on the different continents and levels of national income, as well as study majors, and compared with the pooled prevalence of PTSD among college students.

Results

Totally 381 articles were retrieved from electronic databases and 38 articles were included in the present meta-analysis. The results showed that the pooled prevalence of college students’ PTSD was 25% (95% CI: 21–28%). Prevalence estimates of PTSD among college students were statistically significant (p < 0.00001) when stratified with geographical regions, income levels, and study majors. In comparison with the pooled prevalence of PTSD (25%), subgroups of Africa and Europe, lower-middle-income countries, and medical college students possessed higher prevalence estimates.

Discussion

The findings of the study showed that the prevalence of PTSD in college students worldwide during COVID-19 was relatively high and varied in different continents and countries with different income levels. Therefore, healthcare providers should pay attention to the psychologically healthy condition of college students during COVID-19.
It turned into something else: patients’ long-term experiences of transitions to or from telepsychotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: von Below Camilla , Bergsten Jenny , Midbris Therése , Philips Björn , Werbart Andrzej
Published: May 2023

Introduction

The shift from in-person therapy to telepsychotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic was unprepared for, sudden, and inevitable. This study explored patients’ long-term experiences of transitions to telepsychotherapy and back to the office.

Methods

Data were collected approximately two years after the declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic. Eleven patients were interviewed (nine women and two men, aged 28 to 56, six in psychodynamic psychotherapy, five in CBT). Treatments switched between in-person and video/telephone sessions. Interview transcripts were analyzed applying the qualitative methodology of inductive thematic analysis.

Results

(1) The patients experienced the process in telepsychotherapy as impeded. Interventions were difficult to understand and lost impact. Routines surrounding the therapy sessions were lost. Conversations were less serious and lost direction. (2) Understanding was made more difficult when the nuances of non-verbal communication were lost. (3) The emotional relationship was altered. Remote therapy was perceived as something different from regular therapy, and once back in the therapy room, the patients felt that therapy started anew. The emotional presence was experienced as weakened, but some of the patients found expressing their feelings easier in the absence of bodily co-presence. According to the patients, in-person presence contributed to their security and trust, whereas they felt that the therapists were different when working remotely, behaving in a more easygoing and familiar way, as well as more solution-focused, supportive and unprofessional, less understanding and less therapeutic. Despite this, (4) telepsychotherapy also gave the patients an opportunity to take therapy with them into their everyday lives.

Discussion

The results suggest that in the long run, remote psychotherapy was seen as a good enough alternative when needed. The present study indicates that format alternations have an impact on which interventions can be implemented, which can have important implications for psychotherapy training and supervision in an era when telepsychotherapy is becoming increasingly common.
Martin Buber: guide for a psychology of suffering
Authors: Tweed Roger G. , Bergen Thomas P. , Castaneto Kristina K. , Ryder Andrew G.
Published: May 2023

Martin Buber was untrained in psychology, yet his teaching provides helpful guidance for a psychological science of suffering. His ideas deserve attention at three distinct levels. For each of these, his ideas align with research findings, but also push beyond them. At the individual level, Buber’s radical approach to relationships disrupts typical social cognitive cycles of suffering and can thereby build a defense against suffering. At the community level, he provides guidance that can help create a society that cares for people who suffer. At the dyadic level, Buber’s guidance also matters. His ideas point toward a therapeutic dyad that can help address suffering when the individual and community responses are not sufficient. Specifically, he guides us toward a holistic view of the person that transcends labels and also toward ineffable human relations. Here again, his ideas align with empirical research, but push beyond. Buber’s unique take on relationships has much to offer scholars seeking to understand and alleviate suffering. Some might perceive Buber as ignoring evil. That possible criticism and others deserve consideration. Nonetheless, readiness to adjust theory in response to Buber and other psychological outsiders may be valuable when developing a psychology of suffering.
Modeling the effect of loving pedagogy dispositions and teacher self-efficacy on teacher burnout
Authors: Chen Shuya
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Foreign language teaching is a demanding and challenging profession, and teacher burnout is a common issue in this field. There is a growing research interest in exploring the factors that can protect teachers from burnout and promote their well-being, as well as their effectiveness in the classroom. One such factor might be loving pedagogy, which refers to a teacher’s positive and compassionate attitudes and behaviors toward their students. This study aimed to examine the association between Dispositions toward Loving Pedagogy (DTLP), teacher self-efficacy, and teacher burnout among a sample of Chinese English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers.

Methods

The participants included 428 English teachers from various parts of China. Data on the three constructs were gathered using an electronic survey which comprised three valid questionnaires for these variables. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the hypothesized relations among the latent constructs.

Results

The results indicated that loving pedagogy dispositions negatively affected teacher burnout and that teacher self-efficacy mediated the effect of loving pedagogy on burnout. More precisely, higher levels of loving pedagogy were associated with greater levels of teacher self-efficacy, which is in turn negatively affected teacher burnout.

Discussion

These outcomes shed more light on the importance of loving pedagogy dispositions for teachers’ mental health and well-being. The findings have implications for theory and practice, as they suggest that fostering loving pedagogy dispositions among teachers can help prevent burnout and promote their well-being. Teacher training programs could integrate this construct into their curricula to support teachers in developing these attitudes and behaviors. Additionally, future research could explore ways to enhance loving pedagogy and self-efficacy among teachers and assess their impact on teacher well-being and effectiveness.
Prevalence of depression and its association with quality of life among guardians of hospitalized psychiatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: a network perspective
Authors: Zhao Yan-Jie , Zhang Ling , Feng Yuan , Sha Sha , Lam Mei Ieng , Wang Yue-Ying , Li Jia-Xin , Su Zhaohui , Cheung Teris , Ungvari Gabor S. , Jackson Todd , An Feng-Rong , Xiang Yu-Tao
Published: May 2023

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected treatment-seeking behaviors of psychiatric patients and their guardians. Barriers to access of mental health services may contribute to adverse mental health consequences, not only for psychiatric patients, but also for their guardians. This study explored the prevalence of depression and its association with quality of life among guardians of hospitalized psychiatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

This multi-center, cross-sectional study was conducted in China. Symptoms of depression and anxiety, fatigue level and quality of life (QOL) of guardians were measured with validated Chinese versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire – 9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale – 7 (GAD-7), fatigue numeric rating scale (FNRS), and the first two items of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire - brief version (WHOQOL-BREF), respectively. Independent correlates of depression were evaluated using multiple logistic regression analysis. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to compare global QOL of depressed versus non-depressed guardians. The network structure of depressive symptoms among guardians was constructed using an extended Bayesian Information Criterion (EBIC) model.

Results

The prevalence of depression among guardians of hospitalized psychiatric patients was 32.4% (95% CI: 29.7–35.2%). GAD-7 total scores (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.8–2.1) and fatigue (OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1–1.4) were positively correlated with depression among guardians. After controlling for significant correlates of depression, depressed guardians had lower QOL than non-depressed peers did [F(1, 1,101) = 29.24, p < 0.001]. “Loss of energy” (item 4 of the PHQ-9), “concentration difficulties” (item 7 of the PHQ-9) and “sad mood” (item 2 of the PHQ-9) were the most central symptoms in the network model of depression for guardians.

Conclusion

About one third of guardians of hospitalized psychiatric patients reported depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Poorer QOL was related to having depression in this sample. In light of their emergence as key central symptoms, “loss of energy,” “concentration problems,” and “sad mood” are potentially useful targets for mental health services designed to support caregivers of psychiatric patients.
Trends and burden in mental disorder death in China from 2009 to 2019: a nationwide longitudinal study
Authors: Wu Jiawen , Wang Yuzhu , Wang Lu , Wu Hengjing , Li Jue , Zhang Lijuan
Published: May 2023

Objectives

We aimed to elucidate trends in the crude mortality rate (CMR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and burden of mental disorders (MD) in China.

Methods

A longitudinal observational study was performed using the data of MD deaths in the National Disease Surveillance System (DSPs) during 2009–2019. The mortality rates were normalized using the Segis global population. Trends in the mortality of MDs stratified by age, gender, region, and residency, respectively. The burden of MD was evaluated using age-standardized person years of life loss per 100,000 people (SPYLLs) and average years of life lost (AYLL).

Result

A total of 18,178 MD deaths occurred during 2009–2019, accounting for 0.13% of total deaths, and 68.3% of MD deaths occurred in rural areas. The CMR of MD in China was 0.75/100,00 persons (ASMR: 0.62/100,000 persons). The ASMR of all MDs decreased mainly due to the decrease in ASMR in rural residents. Schizophrenia and alcohol use disorder (AUD) were the leading causes of death in MD patients. The ASMR of schizophrenia and AUD was higher in rural residents than in urban residents. The ASMR of MD was highest in the 40–64 age group. As the leading causes of MD burden, the SPYLL and AYLL of schizophrenia were 7.76 person-years and 22.30 years, respectively.

Conclusion

Although the ASMR of all MDs decreased during 2009–2019, schizophrenia and AUD were still the most important causes of death for MDs. Targeted efforts focusing on men, rural residents, and the 40–64 years old population should be strengthened to decrease MD-related premature deaths.
Developing a management and finance training for future public health leaders
Authors: Hayes Kristy T. , Heiman Harry J. , Honoré Peggy A.
Published: May 2023

Public health leaders are increasingly being asked to address adaptive challenges in the context of finite and often limited resources. Budgets and their associated resources create the financial framework within which public health agencies and organizations must operate. Yet, many public health professionals expected to undertake roles requiring this foundational knowledge and skills are not trained in the fundamentals of public finance and are ill-equipped for managing and monitoring funds. Graduate courses in schools of public health most often are focused on health care management and finance or private sector finance. To meet the needs of future public health leaders, it is critical that academic content builds capacity in management and finance focused on public health practice. This paper describes the development of a Doctor of Public Health program management and finance course designed to prepare future public health leaders. The course aims to build the knowledge and skills of doctoral-level students to recognize the inherent challenges of public health finance and the importance of cultivating and managing resources to improve public health practice and achieve strategic public health goals.
The immaturity of patient engagement in value-based healthcare—A systematic review
Authors: van der Voorden Michael , Sipma Wim S. , de Jong Margriet F. C. , Franx Arie , Ahaus Kees C. T. B.
Published: May 2023

Introduction

In recent years, Value-Based Healthcare (VBHC) has been gaining traction, particularly in hospitals. A core VBHC element is patient value, i.e., what matters most to the patient and at what cost can this be delivered. This interpretation of value implies patient engagement in patient–doctor communication. Although patient engagement in direct care in the VBHC setting is well described, patient engagement at the organizational level of improving care has hardly been studied. This systematic review maps current knowledge regarding the intensity and impact of patient engagement in VBHC initiatives. We focus on the organizational level of a continuous patient engagement model.

Methods

We performed a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines using five electronic databases. The search strategy yielded 1,546 records, of which 21 studies were eligible for inclusion. Search terms were VBHC and patient engagement, or similar keywords, and we included only empirical studies in hospitals or transmural settings at the organizational level.

Results

We found that consultation, using either questionnaires or interviews by researchers, is the most common method to involve patients in VBHC. Higher levels of patient engagement, such as advisory roles, co-design, or collaborative teams are rare. We found no examples of the highest level of patient engagement such as patients co-leading care improvement committees.

Conclusion

This study included 21 articles, the majority of which were observational, resulting in a limited quality of evidence. Our review shows that patient engagement at the organizational level in VBHC initiatives still relies on low engagement tools such as questionnaires and interviews. Higher-level engagement tools such as advisory roles and collaborative teams are rarely used. Higher-level engagement offers opportunities to improve healthcare and care pathways through co-design with the people being served. We urge VBHC initiatives to embrace all levels of patient engagement to ensure that patient values find their way to the heart of these initiatives.
System Integrated Digital Empowering and teleRehabilitation to promote patient Activation and well-Being in chronic disabilities: A usability and acceptability study
Authors: Rossetto Federica , Borgnis Francesca , Isernia Sara , Foglia Emanuela , Garagiola Elisabetta , Realdon Olivia , Baglio Francesca
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Telerehabilitation systems represent a promising way for the management of chronic disability, delivering technology-enabled rehabilitation outside the hospital setting. However, usability and acceptability assessment with users represents a critical starting point when using digital healthcare solutions. This study aims at evaluating the user experience with a Telerehabilitation system (SIDERA∧B) from the end-user side.

Methods

SIDERA∧B consists of an asynchronous delivery of rehabilitation activities through multimedia digital contents and tele-monitoring of vital parameters with technological devices for individualized, home-based management of chronic conditions. Usability (with the System Usability Scale, SUS) and acceptability (using the Technology Acceptance Model, TAM - and The Service User Technology Acceptance Questionnaire, SUTAQ) data were analyzed from the dataset of the SIDERA∧B project (N = 112 patients with Chronic Heart Failure, Parkinson's Disease and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease). The possible influence of five external factors (i.e., technological expertise, education, sex, age, and level of disability) on TAM domains was tested using Spearman's Correlation analysis.

Results

Results showed a satisfactory level of technological usability (SUS Median = 77.5) and good scores in usability and learnability SUS subdomains (mean scores > 2.5). Regarding technological acceptability, participants showed high scores (Median > 4) in “Behavioral Intention”, “Perceived Usefulness”, and “Perceived Ease of Use” TAM domains. Finally, results from the SUTAQ scale highlighted that the SIDERA∧B system obtained optimal scores in all domains, especially in “Increased accessibility,” “Care personnel concerns,” and “Satisfaction.” Age (rho = −0.291, p = 0.002) and disability level (WHODAS Total score: rho = −0.218, p = 0.021) were the two external factors inversely associated with the Perceived Ease of Use.

Discussion

The age of digital transformation requires everyone to understand, accept and master the changes affecting modern-day healthcare. The usability and acceptability of the SIDERA∧B system were high across all end-users, despite the medium-low level of the technological expertise of the sample. These findings support the efficiency and the suitability of these digital solutions in the modern digital age transition of rehabilitation from inside to outside the clinic.
Living labs for civic technologies: a case study. Community infrastructuring for a volunteer firefighting service
Authors: Viano Cristina , Tsardanidis Gregory , Dorato Lorenzo , Ruggeri Alice , Zanasi Alice , Zgeras Giannis , Mylona Villy , Efthymiou Ioannis , Vlachokyriakos Vasilis
Published: May 2023

Digital technologies are increasingly adopted and developed in living labs, to support and enable co-production processes around wellbeing related public services. This research report presents the case of one of the local laboratories established by the European project NLAB4CIT, in the city of Kaisariani, Greece. In order to enhance community engagement, participatory design methods are applied under an “infrastructuring” notion; the living lab model is reapproached as community infrastructure; and digital tools are understood as civic technologies. The article reports on the initial co-design phases, in order to provide other living labs on digital co-production with an overview on the socio-technical challenges encountered. These challenges concern how community actors can engage in the process of co-production of public services, and how digital technologies can be introduced to this purpose. Strength factors emerge such as the existence of an already active community, the creation of an enduring space of collaboration between researchers and citizens, and a civic approach to technology that makes them accessible and tailored. Open challenges concern the role of the public administration, the extent to which technologies are actually co-designed and co-developed, and some technical issues such as internet accessibility.
Using convolutional neural networks to detect GNSS multipath
Authors: Guillard Anthony , Thevenon Paul , Milner Carl
Published: May 2023

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) multipath has always been extensively researched as it is one of the hardest error sources to predict and model. External sensors are often used to remove or detect it, which transforms the process into a cumbersome data set-up. Thus, we decided to only use GNSS correlator outputs to detect a large-amplitude multipath, on Galileo E1-B and GPS L1 C/A, using a convolutional neural network (CNN). This network was trained using 101 correlator outputs being used as a theoretical classifier. To take advantage of the strengths of convolutional neural networks for image detection, images representing the correlator output values as a function of delay and time were generated. The presented model has an F score of 94.7% on Galileo E1-B and 91.6% on GPS L1 C/A. To reduce the computational load, the number of correlator outputs and correlator sampling frequency was then decreased by a factor of 4, and the convolutional neural network still has an F score of 91.8% on Galileo E1-B and 90.5% on GPS L1 C/A.
Sleep bruxism in children, from evidence to the clinic. A systematic review
Authors: Restrepo-Serna Claudia , Winocur Efraim
Published: May 2023

Objectives

The present paper aims to systematically review the literature published from 2015 to 2023 on bruxism in children with the aim to compilate the best available evidence.

Materials and Methods

A systematic search in the National Library of Medicine's PubMed, Medline (EBSCO), SCOPUS, and Google Scholar databases was performed to identify all studies on humans assessing genetic, biopsychosocial, and sleep factors assessed with any different approach for sleep bruxism (SB) in children and its interventions. The selected articles were assessed independently by the two authors according to a structured reading of the article's format (PICO). The quality of the articles was evaluated using Quality Assessments Tool for Experimental Bruxism Studies (Qu-ATEBS) and the JBI critical appraisal tools.

Results

A total of 16 articles were included for discussion in the review and grouped into questionnaire/parental-report (n = 7), SB assessment through parental report of SB and clinical examination (n = 4), and instrumental assessment (n = 5) studies. The total quality scores evaluated with STROBE and Qu-ATEBS were high for all included papers. However, in general, there was no control of bias strategies and there was no control group in the intervention studies.

Conclusions

Investigations based on self-report, clinical, and instrumental bruxism assessment showed a positive association with genetics, quality of life aspects (school and emotional functions and overuse of screen-time), mother anxiety and family conformation, diet, alteration in sleep behaviors and architecture, and sleep breathing disorders. Additionally, the literature presents options to increase airway patency and, thus, reduce the occurrence of SB. Tooth wear was not found to be a major sign of SB in children. However, methods of SB assessment are heterogeneous and hamper a reliable comparison of the results.
Data-driven airborne bayesian forward-looking superresolution imaging based on generalized Gaussian distribution
Authors: Chen Hongmeng , Wang Zeyu , Zhang Yingjie , Jin Xing , Gao Wenquan , Yu Jizhou
Published: May 2023

Airborne forward-looking radar (AFLR) has been more and more impoatant due to its wide application in the military and civilian fields, such as automatic driving, sea surveillance, airport surveillance and guidance. Recently, sparse deconvolution technique has been paid much attention in AFLR. However, the azimuth resolution performance gradually decreases with the complexity of the imaging scene. In this paper, a data-driven airborne Bayesian forward-looking superresolution imaging algorithm based on generalized gaussian distribution (GGD- Bayesian) for complex imaging scene is proposed. The generalized gaussian distribution is utilized to describe the sparsity information of the imaging scene, which is quite essential to adaptively fit different imaging scenes. Moreover, the mathematical model for forward-looking imaging was established under the maximum a posteriori (MAP) criterion based on the Bayesian framework. To solve the above optimization problem, quasi-Newton algorithm is derived and used. The main contribution of the paper is the automatic selection for the sparsity parameter in the process of forward-looking imaging. The performance assessment with simulated data has demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed GGD- Bayesian algorithm under complex scenarios.
Disinformation a problem for democracy: profiling and risks of consensus manipulation
Authors: Pira Francesco
Published: May 2023

The aims of this article is to analyze in the post-pandemic era of technological wars how platformisation and the opacity that characterizes it can generate manipulative effects on the dynamics of consensus building. We are now in the era of the self-informative program; the hierarchical dimension of sources has vanished in parallel to the collapse of the authority, credibility, and trustworthiness of classical sources. Now, the user creates his own informative program, which gives rise to a new relationship between digital individuals. With this framework in mind, I intend to analyze the narrative of this post-pandemic phase proposed by mainstream media, using the tool of the fake news hexagon, to verify the impact and spread of fake news through social networks where emotionalism, hate speech, and polarization are accentuated. In fact, the definition of the fake news hexagon was the starting point to study through a predefined method the dynamics of proliferation of fake news to activate correct identification and blocking tools, in line with what is defined in the Digital Transformation Institute's manifesto.1 Platforms drive the process of identity construction within containers that adapt to the demands of individuals, leading toward a flattening out of results from web searches as these follow the principle of confirmation bias. We assist to an increasing lack of recognition of the other, the individual moves away from commitment, sacrifice, and achieving a higher collective good. It becomes quite evident how, in the face of the collapse of authority, as this new dimension takes hold, the understanding of reality and the construction of public identity can no longer be the result of the ability to decipher messages alone. Media and social multidimensionality necessitate developing new interpretive processes.
Gravitational influence of Saturn’s rings on its moons: a case for free granular flow
Authors: Shinbrot Troy
Published: May 2023

Exploratory missions have found that regolith on interplanetary bodies can be loosely packed and freely flowing—a state that strongly affects mission plans and that may also influence the large-scale shapes of these bodies. We investigate here whether notable circumferential ridges seen on Saturn’s moons may be a byproduct of free flow of loosely packed regolith. Such ridges and other features likely record the history of the moons, and we find that if surface grains are freely flowing, then the combined gravity of Saturn itself and its tenuous ring generate similar circumferential features. Moreover, analysis of these features reveals the possibility of previously unreported morphologies, for example, a stationary torus around a non-rotating satellite. Some of these features persist even for a very low density and distant disk, which raises the prospect that nonlinear analysis of interactions from disks to moons and back again may lead to new insights.
Perspectives of interpersonal interventions at conferences to promote broader inclusion
Authors: Smith-Keiling Beverly L. , Keiling Andreas
Published: May 2023

Conferences require a variety of interpersonal interactions starting with conference inception, leadership development, and progressing through organization, the dynamics of invitation, and participation. Thoughtful reasoning along with social connections at the interpersonal level are exemplified in the conference setting where ideas are exchanged and knowledge is shared. This engagement within a welcoming (warm) climate that promotes all voices being heard is essential in broadening inclusion for developing and recognizing a diverse cadre of scientists. Broader inclusion at the interpersonal level can be examined by applying the framework of the social cognitive theory, which considers interpersonal interactions based on many individual personal factors while engaging in an environment and impacting behavior. In this perspective, we share anecdotal experiences from our own involvement hosting (together with colleagues) four small, topically focused Chapman conferences between 2011 and 2016 as part of the American Geophysical Union (AGU). To promote broader inclusion and ethnographically observe outcomes in the conference environment, we look retrospectively at interactions of organizing leadership and participants with respect to diversity, e.g., geographical and cultural diversity, perceived gender, ableism, and disability. Focusing on interpersonal relationships within the conference environment, we highlight where interpersonal interactions and the climate that results can impact inclusive behavior. It is through observation and recognizing the successes and pitfalls that we identified potential key intervention targets.
Postural balance ability and vertical jumping performance in female veteran volleyball athletes and non-athletes
Authors: Nikolaidou Maria-Elissavet , Sotiropoulos Konstantinos , Barzouka Karolina
Published: May 2023

Lifetime participation in sports is associated with improved components of physical conditioning. The main purpose was to cross-sectionally investigate postural balance and vertical jumping performance in athletes with different histories of sports participation and secondarily to examine the restriction of vision on balance ability. A final aim was to investigate possible associations between balance and jumping performance. We hypothesized higher balance and jumping performance in active veteran volleyball athletes compared to retired athletes and non-athletes, suggesting a positive effect of continuous systematic training in active veteran athletes. We also hypothesized greater negative effect of vision removal on balance in the veteran compared to non-athletes due to athletes' stronger reliance on visual information. Eighty-one healthy middle-aged women (mean (standard deviation) 50 (5) years) were assigned to three experimental groups, a retired (n = 39, recreationally active former athletes), an active (n = 27, training 2days/week x 1.5 h/session) veteran volleyball athletes' and a control group (n = 15, sedentary participants). Participants completed an assessment of single-legged quiet stance trials with either left or right leg with eyes open while standing barefoot on a force plate and two-legged trials with both eyes open or closed. They also executed a protocol of countermovement jumps. Statistical analyses included univariate and full factorial ANOVAs with group and vision as fixed and repeated-measures factors and simple linear regression analysis. In the single-legged balance task, solely the mediolateral sway range was greater for the active (p < 0.001) and retired athletes (p < 0.001) compared to non-athletes, whereas in the two-legged stance, no differences among groups were found (p > 0.05). Restriction of vision deteriorated balance performance similarly in the three groups as a significant vision effect was found for path length (p < 0.001), anteroposterior (p < 0.001) and mediolateral sway (p < 0.05). The active and retired athletes had significantly (p < 0.001) greater height, mean and maximal power in countermovement jump compared to non-athletes. Results showed weak associations (average R2 = 9.5%) of balance with jumping performance only in the veteran volleyball athletes' group. Overall, the findings showed that retired volleyball athletes exhibited similar balance ability and vertical jumping performance as the active ones, suggesting a positive impact of prior experience in systematic training.
Adoption of dairy technologies in smallholder dairy farms in Ethiopia
Authors: Korir Lilian , Manning Louise , Moore Henrietta L. , Lindahl Johanna F. , Gemechu Gizachew , Mihret Adane , Berg Stefan , Wood James L. N. , Nyokabi Ndungu S.
Published: May 2023

The adoption of modern agricultural technologies in Ethiopia’s dairy production system remains underutilized and under-researched yet it is a promising sector to aid in reducing poverty, improving the food security situation and the welfare of rural households, and in ensuring environmental sustainability. This paper uses the Negative Binomial regression model to examine determinants of multiple agricultural technology adoption in the Addis Ababa and Oromia regions of Ethiopia. Data was collected from 159 smallholder dairy farms in Ethiopia’s Addis Ababa and Oromia regions exploring 19 technologies used by the farmers during the study period. The findings show that farm location and herd size impact adoption decisions. Increasing herd size is associated with increased uptake of multiple technologies. Further, as farmer education level increases the more likely farmers are to adopt multiple technologies. The increase in the number of female workers is positively associated with the adoption of multiple dairy technologies. In terms of farmers’/workers’ years of experience, those with no years of work experience are less likely to have adopted multiple technologies than those with more than 5 years of experience. However, this could be due to a number of factors where experience stands as a proxy value. Trust in information from government agencies was associated with a higher propensity to adopt multiple dairy technology as was farmer perception of fellow farmers as peers compared to those who perceive them as competitors. This is an important finding as it may help policymakers or institutions explore knowledge exchange and diffusion of innovation strategies tailored to specific farming and community situations. Studies have shown that farmers within a social group learn from each other more fully about the benefits and usage of new technology. These findings are of value in future technology adoption studies, particularly which factors influence the intensity of adoption of multiple technologies by smallscale producers.
Dynamic diffusion of hybrid rice varieties and the effect on rice production: evidence from China
Authors: Wang Qiaoyu , Bin Bing , Wang Huaiyu
Published: May 2023

The widespread adoption of hybrid rice varieties in China is a successful example, showing the role of agricultural technology in terms of food security. However, the dynamic diffusion of hybrid rice varieties and their effect on rice production requires further study. Based on data on hybrid rice adoption at the provincial level from 1984 to 2011, we applied the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (GTWR) models to investigate the spatial and temporal effects of hybrid rice adoption at national and provincial levels. Overall, the effects of hybrid rice adoption on rice production have decreased over time. However, the results showed possible spillover and crowding effects of hybrid rice adoption across provinces. In particular, the development of hybrid rice varieties in Hunan province has had a significant influence on changes in rice yield and the distribution of rice areas in other regions. This study, therefore, serves as a reference in understanding the dynamic distribution of high-yield rice variety adoption in relation to food security and for designing appropriate agricultural extension strategies. However, further research is needed to identify the determinants affecting changes in rice farming in complex environments and associated ecological systems.
Effect of farm machinery adoption on household income and food security: evidence from a nationwide household survey in India
Authors: Jena Pradyot Ranjan , Tanti Purna C.
Published: May 2023

An increase in farm productivity and income is crucially linked to farm mechanization. Labour shortage in rural areas and frequent extreme weather events have made a resounding pitch for the deepening of farm mechanization in India. Our study examines the effect of agricultural machinery adoption on net agricultural income, household income, and household consumption in India; the latter is considered as an indicator of food security. A nationwide household survey of 10253 households drawn from the majority of states of India has been used. To assess the impact of machinery adoption on the outcome variables, the endogenous switching regression (ESR) model is used. Of the three types of machineries investigated, such as tractors, electric pumps, and diesel pumps, the average adoption rates are found to be low in the country, i.e., 8% for tractors, 24% for electric pumps, and 14% for diesel pumps. The wide heterogeneity in terms of adoption is mostly rooted in the large geographical differences among the states of India, as machinery adoption is concentrated in the north and north-central plains of the country. The first stage of ESR, which is a probit model, reveals the determinants of mechanization as access to credit, climatic shocks, access to irrigation, and farmer cooperative membership. The average treatment effect estimates from the second stage outcome regression reveal that the adoption of machineries has increased net agricultural income by 31%, household income by 19%, and food consumption by 5%. Given these demonstrable positive effects of mechanization in agriculture, there is a need for deepening of low-cost scale appropriate farm machines suitable for small holders. Government support would play a pivotal role in this direction by making farm credits accessible to smallholders, providing timely subsidies on machinery purchase, and providing required extension services.
Reconstruction intramedullary nailing for a failed subtrochanteric Seinsheimer type IIB fracture: a case report
Authors: Wang Fei , Liu Tianfeng , Guo Shoujin , Wu Lei , Xin Peiwang
Published: May 2023

Introduction

A case of subtrochanteric Seinsheimer II B fracture was retrospectively analyzed to determine the causes of failure and the possible problems with femoral reconstruction intramedullary nailing.

Methods

This study focused on a case of an elderly patient with Seinsheimer type IIB fracture treated with minimally invasive femoral reconstruction intramedullary nailing. By retrospectively analyzing the intraoperative and postoperative course, we can identify the reasons that may lead to the surgical failure in order to avoid similar problems in the future.

Result

It was observed that the nail was dislodged after surgery, and the broken end was displaced again. Through our analysis and research, we believe that non-anatomical reduction, deviation of needle insertion point, improper selection of surgical methods, mechanical and biomechanical effects, doctor–patient communication and non-die-cutting cooperation, and non-compliance with doctor's orders may be related to the success of surgery.

Conclusion

Femoral reconstruction intramedullary nailing is used for the treatment of subtrochanteric Seinsheimer II B fractures; however, non-anatomical reduction, choice of needle insertion point, inappropriate choice of surgical method, mechanical and biomechanical effects, doctor–patient communication and cooperation without die-cutting, and non-compliance with doctor's advice may result in surgical failure. According to the analysis of individuals, under the premise of an accurate needle entry point, minimally invasive closed reduction PFNA or open reduction of broken ends and intramedullary nail ligation for femoral reconstruction can be used in Seinsheimer type IIB fractures. It can effectively avoid the instability of reduction and the insufficiency of the biomechanics caused by osteoporosis.