bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TECHNIQUES FOR THE DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PHYTOTOXINS: MINI-REVIEW
Authors: Soonmin Ho , Akram Muhammad , Shariati Mohammad Ali , Riaz Muhammad
Published: June 2024

Phytotoxins may result from different sources such as plants (rosary pea, castor bean, tobacco, white snakeroot), microorganisms (fungi, bacteria, viruses, protozoa), human activity (herbicides), or natural chemical reactions. These phytotoxinsimpose danger not only to the plants but also to animals and humans that are exposed to it. Furthermore, the study of phytotoxins results in the development of new products having different biological properties. Complex processes require very costly and specialized equipment to identify, extract and detect phytotoxins. However, simple, low cost and effective bioassay methods are also available for the detection of plant toxins. Various methods have been adopted for the isolation and identification of phytotoxins. However, to be able to isolate and identify phytotoxin successfully, specific techniques must be employed. Herein, the study highlighted some of these techniques that may lead to the isolation and elucidation of a pure phytotoxin. Chromatographic techniques (thin layer chromatography, column chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography) are mostly used. Whereas, for elucidation, techniques like nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction are used. In addition, ELISA and PCR are highly utilized. In conclusion, for a phytotoxin to be isolated from a pool of organic compounds, selection of good and sensitive chromatographic techniques needs to be applied carefully. Additionally, the development of new advanced techniques which are based on biosensors, biochemistry, nanotechnology, and robotics are needed in the future for the better understanding of phytotoxins and their functions.
COVALENT ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS AND ITS APPLICATION TOWARDS IONIC CONDUCTIVITY: A MINIREVIEW
Authors: Khatioda Rajiv , Devi Runjun
Published: June 2024

Covalent organic framework (COF) materials gained immense research interest since its emergence. However, two dimensional COF experiences comparatively better applications than its three dimensional counterpart and thus are reported in higher numbers. The emergence of COFs is due to its better thermal and chemical stability thereby providing opportunity towards wider applications in energy storage, catalysis, gas adsorption and separation, sensing, optics, etc. In recent days application of these materials for conduction is the growing interest of the researchers. In this minireview we aimed to describe about the applications of COFs particularly towards ionic conductivity.
THE SCENARIO OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA: PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS
Authors: Dineshbhai Patel Dr. Hirenkumar
Published: June 2024

Education is one the most important keys for the development of a nation. It provides an idea about person’s social, cultural, intellectual, psychological, moral and spiritual dimension. It is believed that India have had higher education system since thousands of years and it was the pioneer for the whole world. The ancient higher education system had scope for learning and self- development of any person but after the arrival of British government, they introduced British education system. The aims and objectives of higher education in India during the tenure of British rule was to produce English knowing Indians to do their government’s job just like factory production. The ancient higher education system in India had lost its importance since then. After independence our higher education system has undergone various changes but still the effects of British education system rule over our modern education system and the psyche of each and every student in India. Now it becomes necessary to change this condition in our country. Government must have to change our present education system which have been producing just numbers of workers rather than skilled students. This chapter aims to present the problems that India is facing currently in higher education field and also includes some solutions for the improvement of it, expectations from students, teachers and educational institutes and also some initiatives that should be taken by government.
LOCAL TO GLOBAL: DIGITALIZATION OF GARHWALI FOLK TALES
Authors: Semwal Dr. Sakshi , Dhyani Rhythm
Published: June 2024

Uttarakhand, a north Indian state is having a rich folk culture. It includes folk tales, folk music (Jaagars, Maangalgeet) folkdance, etc.Being the oral society Garhwal and Kumaon region of Uttarakhand are known for their oral traditions. In the ancient timethe traditions were passed on to the next generation orally. Now in the age of globalization people are shifting from the oral society to the digital media. In this progressive process of shifting towards the digital media people of Uttarakhand are leaving behind the rich oral traditions. The local folk traditions are required to reach on global level so that people may know the culture of Devbhomi, Uttarakhand and local tradition may be promoted and preserved for the next generations.This paper aims at widening the understanding on traditional culture of Uttarakhand through Garhwali folktales. Garhwali folk tales that are good source of education and entertainment provides the essence of unique culture and traditions of Garhwal. The paper focuses why there is a need to save and record these folk tales digitally and triesto explore the ways to integrate the traditional wisdom with latest technologies. For that a study is conducted to collect the data to know the connection of local people to the Garhwali folktales and responses were taken on various aspects to know their awareness about the status of Garhwali folktales in 21st century. The paper also offers some suggestions for preserving Garhwali folktales of Uttarakhand in the form of text, audio and video using the latest technologies so it can reach from local to global level.
WOMEN IN THE PLAYS OF SHAKESPEARE
Authors: Ragalatha R
Published: June 2024

The legendary playwright William Shakespeare is the greatest English dramatist in the world. His plays are widely read and enacted all over the world. In Shakespeare’s plays women are well etched and reflected the universal human nature. In the plays of Shakespeare we come across many strong, resourceful and self confident women who, at times are stronger than men, and they create their own space and represent a spirited independence. The construction of female characters in Shakespeare’s plays reflects the Elizabethan image of women in general. Women of that era were supposed to represent virtues like obedience, silence, sexual chastity, humility, constancy and patience. There were several women in Shakespeare’s plays who assert themselves in very different ways, like-Cleopatra, Portia, Desdemona, Juliet, Lady Macbeth, Miranda, Olivia, Rosalinda and Viola. In ‘King Lear’, Cordelia embodies all the angelic and nurturing qualities that the other two Regan & Goneril lack. Regan & Goneril, King Lear’s two monstrous daughters, are archetypal villains from the onset of the play and although they serve well their purpose, they are not as developed as other Shakespeare “Villains”, such as Lady Macbeth. Women is the plays of Shakespeare are the most individualistic heroines and displays a certain poise and maturity even in the tough times and saddest scenes. Women show the “feminine” virtues of love, sacrifice and piety. Few heroines show a loving nature, a tender heart, resolution and dignity like Portia in the merchant of Venice. Evil is the disruptive force and the tragedies show the hellish consequences, which always lead to deaths of the innocent and good. Women appear as supporting and central character in Shakespeare’s play, and these characters, as well as the so called “Dark Lady” of the sonnets, have elicited a substantial amount of criticism, which received added impetus during the second-wave feminism of the 1960s. Early criticism of female characters in Shakespeare’s drama focused on the positive attributes the dramatist bestows on them and often claimed that Shakespeare realistically captured the “essence” of feminity
INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS OF PREGNANCY: CURRENT TRENDS
Authors: Malhotra Dr. Vani , Malhotra Dr. Parveen
Published: June 2024

CURRENT TRENDS
BIOCHEMISTRY OF NERVOUS SYSTEM: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Pal Sanghapriya , Dahiya Kiran
Published: June 2024

The nervous system is one of the most complex system in human body with presence of 100 billion neurons, several million axons and dendrites. The system mainly consists of two types of cell - neurons and glial cells. Several researches have made us to understand the function of neurons and their synapses, particularly their electrical impulse generation and propagation, while breaking the myth of glial cells being only supportive in function. Moreover, the presence of stem cells in CNS challenges the old concept of nervous system being a non-mitotic tissue. Various molecular cell biology techniques have enabled us to better understand the functioning of the system as well as molecular aspects of various neurological pathology. The knowledge of stem cell and molecular neurobiology are being continuously exploited for the purpose of diagnosis and treatment of different neurological diseases.
TARGETED DRUG THERAPY IN COPD: FUTURISTIC CONSIDERATIONS
Authors: Verma Dr. Monika , Kumar Dr. Sushil
Published: June 2024

Chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema collectively constitute chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), marked by insufficient airflow and persistent breathing challenges. Current pharmacotherapy, including glucocorticoids and bronchodilators, demonstrates therapeutic effectiveness, yet none of these treatments arrest the progression of the disease, and they are associated with numerous side effects. This chapter provides an overview of potential targets implicated in the pathogenesis of COPD and the molecules that interact with them.
HIV AND SARS COV-2 CO-INFECTION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Chakraborty Debapriya , Roy Satyapriya
Published: June 2024

Introduction: COVID-19 consequences are more likely to affect patients with co-morbidities. According to the recent research, HIV positive individuals are not at a higher risk for COVID-19 than the general population. This systematic study was done to find out how COVID-19 affected individuals who were HIV-positive. Aim: The study was aimed to conduct a systematic assessment of recent research papers that examined the effects of co-infection with SARS-COV 2 and HIV. Materials and Methods: PRISMA standards were followed to conduct a systematic review. A thorough literature search was done in Web of Science, Medline, Google Scholar, Pubmed, Pubmed Central using key words and headings related to HIV and Covid-19 co-infection. Results: After removing duplicate entries, 100 articles were found. Following screening, 14 studies with a total of 148 HIV-infected patients were evaluated. Further research is needed to determine the prognosis of Covid-19 patients, and because co-infected individuals have impaired immune systems, they should be checked for opportunistic infections. Conclusion: According to the recent studies and current review it was found that patients with less severe Covid-19 symptoms had normal cd4 count. As of now, co-infection with Covid-19 is not thought to be a danger with a well-managed HIV infection. So, more studies are required in this field to identify why patients with low Cd4 count experiences more severe infections.
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Authors: Kumar Sahu Dr. Amit
Published: June 2024

Nanotechnology, a cutting-edge field that deals with materials and structures at the nanoscale level
TELE- HEALTH IN PEDIATIC NEUROPHYSIOTHERAPY
Authors: Girsa Sonika
Published: June 2024

In recent years, the landscape of healthcare delivery has undergone a remarkable revolution, primarily catalysed by rapid advancements in technology and innovative approaches. One such transformative avenue garnering increasing attention is the integration of telehealth solutions into the realm of paediatric neurophysiotherapy. Telehealth, the amalgamation of telecommunications and healthcare services, holds immense promise in enhancing accessibility, convenience, and efficacy in the domain of paediatric neurophysiotherapy interventions.(Bashshur et al., 2016)
PHYSIOTHERAPIST’S PERSPECTIVE TO IMPORTANCE OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SUPRASPINATUS TENDONITIS IN PROPER REHABILITATION OF PAIN AND DYSFUNCTION
Authors: Chawla Dr. Karishma , Khan Dr. Zainy , Dhar Dr. Nitin
Published: June 2024

This article focuses on the physiotherapist perspective on the importance of pathophysiology of the Supraspinatus. Tendonitis is a very frequent cause of shoulder pain. The tendinopathy of supraspinatus most frequently affects people involved in various sports driven actions and above the head work in our daily living. It is thought to be caused by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, but for simplification they were divided into Anatomical, Biomechanical, Vascularity, Activity related, Biochemical and Age-related factors. The following data-bases were searched for both published and unpublished studies in English language for the period of 1962 to 2022: PubMed, EMBRACE, MedLine, Web of Science, Scopus. The following terms were used to carry out the search: Shoulder, impingement, supraspinatus, pain, pathophysiology, physiotherapy implication, athletes, older adults. We conclude that it is important to have in-depth knowledge about these concepts of pathophysiology of pain in terms of all possible etiologies and the healing process which helps the physiotherapist to make wise decisions about the rehabilitation process.
A FUTURISTIC APPROACH USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO REVOLUTIONISE CARDIAC REHABILITATION
Authors: Harsh Vijeta , Jha Dr. Aparna
Published: June 2024

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) plays a pivotal role in reducing morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Despite its well-documented benefits, CR remains underutilized due to various barriers. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers promising solutions to enhance CR outcomes by augmenting patient risk assessment, diagnosis, and treatment. Through machine learning algorithms and data analytics, AI enables efficient screening of modifiable risk factors, personalized exercise regimens, and remote monitoring of patients. Recent advancements in AI technologies, such as wearable devices and smartphone applications, provide novel avenues for comprehensive cardiac care. These innovations facilitate early detection of CVD risk factors, streamline treatment interventions, and improve patient engagement. However, further research and implementation are needed to optimize the integration of AI into CR programs and maximize its potential in improving patient outcomes. In conclusion, AI presents a transformative approach to enhance cardiac rehabilitation by leveraging data-driven insights and innovative technologies.
IMPLEMENTATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP PROGRAMS: STRATEGIES FOR RESPONSIBLE ANTIMICROBIAL USE AND RESISTANCE PREVENTION
Authors: Paul Dr. Prolay , Maiti Dr. Sourav
Published: June 2024

The implementation and optimization of antimicrobial stewardship programs represent a pivotal and proactive approach in the ongoing battle against antimicrobial resistance, a global health crisis of growing concern. These programs are essential strategies aimed at promoting responsible antimicrobial use, preserving the effectiveness of existing drugs, and curbing the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. Antimicrobial agents, including antibiotics, are cornerstone tools in modern medicine, indispensable for treating infections and ensuring successful medical procedures. However, their overuse and misuse have led to a concerning rise in antimicrobial resistance, rendering many once-effective treatments ineffective. This alarming trend threatens to erode the very foundation of healthcare, making routine medical interventions riskier and potentially life-threatening. In this context, antimicrobial stewardship programs assume a central role in safeguarding the efficacy of these vital medications. Their objectives encompass a range of practices, from optimizing prescribing patterns and dosages to minimizing unnecessary antimicrobial use. These programs unite healthcare professionals, institutions, and policymakers in a concerted effort to ensure that these essential drugs remain effective for future generations.
NUTRITION AND HEALTH
Authors: Luthra Megha
Published: June 2024

Nutrition deals with study of dynamic process of utilization of ingested food for nourishment of the body to carry out various functions. In other words it deals with food assimilation. Foods can be classified as cereals, millets, pulses, vegetables, nuts and oil seeds, fruits, flesh and dairy foods, fats and oils, sugar and jaggery, condiments and spices, miscellaneous foods. All provide diverse nutrients. Functions, natural sources and daily requirement of these nutrients are important to know to maintain health and vitality. Some nutrients are “double edged swords”, i.e. their deficiency as well as excess results in diseases. Recognition of symptoms and signs of these diseases is first step of their management in practice.
EVOLVING TRENDS IN HPV VACCINATION IN INDIA AND THE WORLD
Authors: Khanam Zeba , Gupta Nidhi
Published: June 2024

In the 1970s, German virologist Harald zur Hausen discovered that the papillomavirus caused genital warts in cattle, some of whom later died of genital cancer. He postulated that papillomavirus infection could also cause genital warts and cancer in humans. A decade later, in 1983, Hausen and Gissmann isolated papillomavirus DNA from HeLa cells. HeLa cells were the first immortal cell lines to be cultivated in vitro. The name HeLa derives from the initials of Henirietta Lacks, an African American who died of cervical cancer in 1951 after providing samples of cervical tissue. Since then, the HeLa cells have been used in the formulation of various chemotherapeutic drugs and vaccines. Hausen showed that the papilloma virus DNA isolated from HeLa cells did not resemble that obtained from genital warts. He named this pappiloma strain as the ‘Human papilloma virus-16’ or ‘HPV-16’.
“RURAL INDIA IS THE REAL INDIA” TELEMEDICINE AND RURAL HEALTHCARE
Authors: Dixit Dr. Ruchita
Published: June 2024

India is a vast and diverse country, and the characteristics and challenges of rural areas can vary significantly from region to region
DEVELOPMENT, FORMULATION AND STANDARDIZATION OF DREAM CREAM- ICE CREAM
Authors: Sarfaraz Khan Sumaiya , Majed Ahmed Siddiqui Ifrah
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study is to develop, formulate and standardize the ice-cream with sensory analysis and study of Nutritional and Health benefits of the product. The panelists evaluated all samples based on parameters like flavor, texture, taste, color and overall-acceptability. The three treatments were made; i.e.T1, T2 and T3 with the ratios of Beetroot and golden-raisins (50:50), (25:75) and (15:85) respectively, out of which T1 (50:50) was selected. For the sensory evaluation the 9- Point Hedonic scale (9- liked extremely to 1- dislike extremely) was used. Thus, the T1 got the highest score by panel members in all parameters. The Nutritive value and Health benefits were the asset of the product. The product was compared with the market sample (control sample) i.e. ‘Amul plain vanilla ice-cream’. The study claimed that dream cream is surplus in all parameters and was free from all preservatives, additives and artificial flavoring agents. The formulated dream cream possessed nutritional health benefits. The product is rich in macro-nutrients as well as micro-nutrients.
MICROGREENS: PIONEERING THE FUTURE OF SUSTAINABLE NUTRITION
Authors: Sobhanan Anusree , Meena Rekha
Published: June 2024

Malnutrition possess a severe problem in our society, leading to various chronic disorders. Functional foods have a significant impact on combating malnutrition, and among them microgreens are a beneficial options. Microgreens are immature vegetables that reach a height of 1-3 inches and are harvested between 10-14 days after seeding. They have a high nutrient profile, containing more vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds in comparison to their fully developed counterparts. Enriching diet with microgreens contributes to a well-balanced and nutrient-rich diet, and their production requires only limited resources, enhancing food security for the future. Microgreens have a limited shelf life, which hinders their commercial expansion. To preserve their quality and enhance shelf life, several strategies have been put forward. Additional approaches must be developed to maintain the nutritional quality of microgreens. This paper provides an exploration of microgreens, focusing on their nutritional profile, health benefits, production, and strategies to extend their shelf life.
FARM MECHANIZATION IN AGRICULTURE
Authors: Durga Venkat Hemu Y. , Jyotsna Thamminana , B Shanthi , D Swathi
Published: June 2024

Efficiency in technology increases output and productivity while also allowing farmers to grow a second or many crops, making Indian agriculture attractive and a way of life by transitioning from subsistence to commercial agriculture. More agricultural inputs must be used, and crops must be protected from a variety of challenges, to increase productivity. There are several obstacles to the promotion of mechanizationefforts to establish an acceptable agricultural technique.Reducing crop and food product losses .increased land productivity.Status of farm mechanization increases under subsidy schemes. Clear idea on usage of the machines makes farmers easy to understand its operations. Increases the status of the farmer. This has led to many practical applications of the implements and machineries.
PROTECTED CULTIVATION IN AGRICULTURE
Authors: Swathi D. , B Shanthi. , Jyotsna T. , Durga Venkat Hemu Y.
Published: June 2024

A significant challenge has been presented by the green revolution, various biotics, biotic stress, too. By offering fully regulated environment, protected cultivation techniques lessen these pressures. Thinking about protected farming is necessary given the rising food need. The most effective way for meeting the goals of protected horticulture is the greenhouse. The cultivation of many houses has become an important Indian agricultural policy.
INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEMS IN MULBERRY SERICULTURE
Authors: R Ravi Kumara , J Harish Kumar , G. P Mohan Kumar
Published: June 2024

Integrated Farming Systems (IFS) involve combining multiple agricultural practices to maximize resource utilization, sustainability, and income generation. In the context of sericulture, several IFS options have emerged, linking silk production with livestock, horticulture, agriculture, forestry, artisans, poultry, fungi, and apiculture. These integrated approaches leverage the symbiotic relationships between sericulture and allied enterprises, promoting waste utilization, nutrient recycling, and multiple income streams for farmers. This chapter presents an overview of different IFS options in sericulture, emphasizing their benefits in terms of improved soil fertility, enhanced crop yields, additional income, and sustainable farming practices. The integration of sericulture with diverse agricultural activities opens new avenues for entrepreneurs, supports rural livelihoods, and contributes to environmental conservation.
INDUCED BREEDING IN FISHES: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Gupta Sweety , Kumar Ajay , Bhojyawal Vishal , Agrahari Karishma , Chand Prem
Published: June 2024

Fish provides a very nutritious food for human beings. In Current scenario, the fish population is declining very sharply because water resources are highly polluted, over consumption and reducing the number of water bodies because of natural disasters and human interference. Due to high demand for fish as food, fish culture is a technique used to fulfil the requirements by increasing productivity. Induced breeding is a procedure in which an organism is stimulated by a specific hormone or some other synthetic hormone or by providing an environmental circumstance, initiated to breed in favorable conditions. The endocrine system performs as an executive relationship between the environmental incidents, maturation, and release of gametes in vertebrates. The pituitary hormones control some activities like impression of secondary sexual features, breeding behaviour during courtship and timing of reproduction throughout the breeding season. The gonadotropic hormones for instance follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing (LH) perform an important role in spawning, induced breeding
UNVEILING NATURE'S GIFT TO EXTEND FOOD SHELF LIFE BY USING PLANT-BASED ANTIOXIDANTS, FROM CHROZOPHORA ROTTLERI
Authors: Y R Nagesh , T D Karthik , Sumanth B Dr. , Riaz Mahmood Dr. , V. Krishna Dr.
Published: June 2024

Chrozophora Rottleri, also known as Suryavarti, is a Euphorbiaceae family medicinal herb. This plant can be found in a variety of environments, including Central Java, India, Myanmar, Thailand, and the Andaman Islands. Tribes and traditional healers use it for a variety of therapeutic purposes. It contains alkaloids, sugars, glycosides, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, and saponins, as well as phytochemicals with, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-helminthic as well as antimutagenic functions. Amid worries about this safety regarding synthetic antioxidants, Chrozophora rottleri offers a natural alternative, providing safer preservation methods in food and cosmetics. Natural Antioxidants derived from plants improve food safety and improving overall health.
UNDER DENSE COTTON (GOSSYPIUM SPECIES) PLANTING THE IMPACT OF HERBICIDES APPLICATION ON SOIL MICROORGANISMS
Authors: Yenpreddiwar M.D. , Nandeshwar B.C. , Mahatale P.V.
Published: June 2024

At Cotton Research Station, Dr. P.D.K.V. Akola, an experiment was carried out in the field during the rainy season of 2017–2018. The texture of the soil was clayey The impact of pre- and post-emergence herbicides on soil microorganisms in HDPS cotton fields. According to the treatments, herbicides were used. At 30 and 100 days after cotton was sown, soil samples were taken before and after herbicide application. These samples were then used to estimate the populations of bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi using the serial dilution method. The average number of bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungal colony forming units per gram of soil was calculated. Three replications of the randomized block design experiment with eight treatment combinations were completed. Pre-emergence pendimethalin application at 1.25 kg a.i. ha-1 fb hoeing at 30 DAS and one-handed weeding at 45 DAS were the treatments. Pre-emergence spray of pendimethalin fbquizalofop-, pendimethalin fbpyrithiobac sodium at 2-4 leaf weed stage, pendimethalinfb tank mix of quizalofop-ethyl + pyrithiobac sodium sprayed on weed at 2-4 leaf weed stage, weed free check and weedy check. The variety AKH-081 was sown on BBF (1.66 lakh plant population) in the third week of July with the specified fertilizer and plant protection measures, at a spacing of 60 cm x 10 cm. After applying herbicides, the microbiological count was done. Herbicide use has a detrimental impact on the number of rhizospheric microorganisms for up to 30 days. Herbicide-treated soil had fewer bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi overall than untreated soil. However, 100 days after HDPS was sown, the microbial count was larger than it had been. It suggests that the agroecosystem of HDPS cotton may not be impacted by the use of herbicides.
HIGH ALTITUDE PASTURE MANAGEMENT - A PREVENTIVE MEASURE FOR TRANSBOUNDARY AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES
Authors: Stephen Hanah Sapunii , Paul Vijay
Published: June 2024

Livestock rearing in high-altitude regions, particularly in the trans-Himalayan and Himalayan areas of India and neighbouring countries, has deep historical roots in traditional nomadic animal husbandry. Thriving in challenging conditions, this agricultural practice utilizes temperate and alpine pastures above 1500 meters as primary grazing resources for high-altitude animals like yak, yak-cattle hybrids, and hill cattle. Beyond a livelihood pursuit, this eco-friendly system significantly contributes to food and livelihood security for pastoral communities. Pastoral nomads heavily rely on natural pasturelands, strategically migrating between diverse pastures to optimize feed resource utilization. In the high-altitude Mountains, livestock rearing involves a migratory system, with nomads continuously moving with their herds in a transhumance. This includes a two-pasture strategy, grazing in lush summer pastures from May to September and transitioning to winter pastures with fodder trees at lower altitudes from November to February. The productivity of these animals is linked to herbage availability, growth, and nutritive values. Supplementary feeding is infrequent, peaking in July and August when grass quality and quantity reach their zenith. The traditional pastoralist lifestyle is transforming due to socio-political and land use changes in high-rangelands of Asia. Intensification of pasture use across borders has led nomads to embrace semi-sedentary livestock rearing alongside traditional transhumant pastoralism. Ensuring sustainable livestock production and preventing diseases in high-altitude rangelands requires proper management and utilization strategies for pastures. A comprehensive approach is necessary, considering dynamic socio-political and environmental factors influencing traditional practices of these pastoral communities.
SOIL QUALITY AND AGROFORESTRY
Authors: Pandey Varsha , Labanya Rini , Kumar Deepak
Published: June 2024

Soil represents a dynamic natural entity and serves as the foundation for both agricultural and natural plant ecosystems. It fulfills a multitude of functions, and soil quality can be defined as the "capability of the soil to perform these functions." Soil quality can be assessed from two perspectives: the inherent characteristics of the soil and its ever-changing nature influenced by factors such as climate, human activities, management practices, and land use patterns. Agroforestry is a land use approach that integrates the cultivation of woody perennial plants with agricultural crops and animal husbandry, aiming to harness multiple benefits from this symbiotic relationship. These benefits encompass economic, ecological, and biological interactions among the various components of agroforestry systems. One of the notable advantages of agroforestry is its positive impact on soil quality. Agroforestry practices have a pronounced effect on soil quality by enhancing soil aggregation and increasing the rate of water infiltration. Additionally, these practices elevate levels of soil organic carbon and augment the availability of essential nutrients in the soil. They also contribute to the enrichment of soil biodiversity. This enrichment results from the substantial input of biomass, both above and below ground, which introduces carbon and nutrients into the soil through the processes of decomposition and mineralization. Furthermore, the accumulation of organic matter in the form of litter from trees, shrubs, palms, and other vegetation in agroforestry systems acts as a protective shield for the soil surface, mitigating erosion and preventing the loss of valuable soil nutrients and fertility. Trees in these systems serve as effective windbreaks and shelter belts, providing a physical barrier that reduces wind-induced soil erosion. In summary, agroforestry-based land use systems significantly enhance soil quality, thereby improving agricultural productivity and ecological stability. This contribution to sustainable agriculture and environmental protection underscores the importance of integrating agroforestry practices into land management strategies.
MILLETS: FUTURE CROP TO ENSURE THE HOUSEHOLD NUTRITIONAL SECURITY UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIO
Authors: Rajeev Kumar Srivastava Dr. , D.K. Roy Dr. , Sudhanand Prasad Lal Dr. , Rai Ashish
Published: June 2024

Millets comprises a group crops and major crops grown in entire world are Pearl, Proso, Foxtail, Japanese Barnyard, Finger and Kodo millets etc. As evident from recent research and extension works, due to climate change scenario many issues in agricultural production system have raised, which causes major challenges to ensure food availability and accessibility in general and nutritional security of households are another genuine ground in particular. Aforesaid issues and challenges before agriculture compel the farmers, scientific and policy maker communities to rethink about restructure and revitalize new crop/cropping production system which can deal the problems effectively and efficiently. As millets are performed well even under diverse agro-climatic conditions under low agricultural input supply system especially under marginal land. Conclusively, millets not only meet the food demand of growing world population but also deals extreme weather situations due to increase in level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and also helpful in ensuring nutritional security. Changing the preference of food and fast spreading of chronic health worldwide are open the new approaches to adopt new technologies and rational practices with selection of hardy and well performing crops like millets.
IMPACT OF MODERN AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES ON WATER QUALITY OF A RURAL FRESHWATER LAKE
Authors: M. Saravanaraja Dr. , A. Senthil Kumar Dr. , P.S. Aruna Devi Dr. , Hemamalini R. , Sampathkumar K.
Published: June 2024

The present study was carried out at Thenmugam Vellode Lake of Erode district, Tamil Nadu, India. The lake is a rain fed tank and not connected with any channel system. Geological position of the lake is 11023.3’68.79”N and 7706.3’88.72” E with elevation of 712 ft. In the present study, water samples were collected from T. Vellode Lake during the period of two years from January 2021 to December 2022. In present study presence of heavy metals is detected in lake sediment. Which, clearly indicates the high volume of fertilizers and pesticides usage in the surrounding water bodies is the major reason for these heavy metals. Because other observations showed that there is no input of effluents and sewage or any other serious factor for these heavy metals. In the correlation analysis with independent sediment values and dependent water quality parameters, clear seasonal impact of sediment on water quality is witnessed. Especially, during summer and monsoon the lake sediment took more advantage over water quality. Thus, the present study clearly recorded the negative impact of lake sediment on the water quality of Thenmugam Vellode Lake. An important finding of the present investigation is the lake have its own self buffering feature. It may be due to physiological activities of the aquatic biota and other processes like chemical transformations, substitution, oxidation and reduction. However, seasonal impact only create aggressive rise of heavy metals especially during summer months.
EDIBLE FLOWERS: BLOOMING DELICACIES FOR HEALTH AND WEALTH
Authors: Gokiladevi Rajendran , Varsini Karuppiah , Fathima Khadar Batcha Shafrin , Nithya Rajakkannu
Published: June 2024

Because of their distinct flavour, scent, and nutritional advantages, edible flowers are becoming more and more popular. For thousands of years, they have been utilised in Middle Eastern, European, and Asian cuisines. Edible flowers are not only aesthetically pleasing but also rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, making them a healthy and natural addition to the diet. This article explores the history, benefits, and culinary uses of edible flowers, with a focus on Indian traditional practices. It also provides information on harvesting, storage, and potential risks associated with consuming certain flowers. As the demand for natural and healthful foods grows, edible flowers are becoming an increasingly important and innovative ingredient in the culinary world. However, caution should be exercised in identifying and consuming only edible varieties, as some flowers can be toxic or harmful. Through continued research and understanding, edible flowers can be integrated into various cuisines and contribute to the promotion of healthier and more sustainable food practices.
WASTE MANAGEMENT: SAFEGUARDING OUR ENVIRONMENT AND FUTURE GENERATIONS
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Kumar Sunil , Naseeb Mr. , Pinky Ms.
Published: June 2024

The care and protection of our environment has grown to be of the utmost importance in today's world of rapid evolution. The efficient management of waste, especially inorganic and non-biodegradable waste components, is a crucial component. In this article, we examine the importance of trash management and how it protects our ecosystem from the harmful impacts of inappropriate waste handling practices.Our environment may suffer long-term effects from poor management of waste. One of the most obvious and damaging effects of improper waste disposal practices is pollution of the air, land, and water. When garbage is not properly collected and managed, it may end up in the water supplies that support life, the land we rely on for food, and the air we breathe.Recycling becomes possible when waste is properly collected and managed. Many items that are thought of as waste can really be recycled and utilized again, lessening the burden on the environment and natural resources. Recycling reduces the demand for new raw materials, which frequently come with their own set of environmental problems, while also conserving energy.Inappropriate solid waste management is a global problem that has an impact on ecosystems all around the world. Mishandled garbage has an effect that extends beyond the immediate area. It may endanger the delicate balance of our oceans, destroy marine life, and destabilize fragile ecosystems. Particularly plastic waste is a serious hazard to marine life, frequently resulting in entanglement and ingestion. Our water supplies and drainage systems are also affected by improper waste management. Inadequately disposed of waste can enter rivers, lakes, and streams and contaminate these vital freshwater sources. Additionally, clogged drains brought on by poor waste disposal can lead to flooding and the spread of waterborne infections, having an impact on both the environment and human health.It is impossible to overestimate the significance of effective waste management. The wellbeing of our environment and our communities depends on responsible waste disposal practices, which include safeguarding our air, land, and water as well as preserving resources. We can build a sustainable future for future generations if we tackle the problems associated with waste management together.
SOIL HEALTH FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
Authors: Grover Dipti , Kalonia Neha , Dahiya Bhawna , Rani Pinki
Published: June 2024

Soil health refers to a balanced condition of soil to function to its full potential to sustain the physiochemical and biological processes as well as promote environment equality and prosperity of plant and animal health. The quality and vitality of soil directly influence agricultural productivity, crop resilience, water management, carbon sequestration, and overall ecosystem health. Soil health is a crucial aspect of sustainable agriculture, and it plays a significant role in ensuring food security for the ever-expanding global population. The intensification of agricultural activities to meet the growing demand has led to changes in the soil ecosystem and soil health. In order to maintain soil health, sustainable agricultural practices such as conservation tillage, Vermicomposting, Crop diversification, Crop residue management, Organic amendments, Fertilizer management, Irrigation management, Naturally Occurring Mineral Amendments, Effective Microorganisms, Use of biopesticides need to be adopted. These practices help farmers to reduce erosion, improve nutrient cycling, save money on inputs, and enhance the resiliency of their working land. This chapter aims to comprehensively assess soil health indicators, analyze their interactions, and propose sustainable agricultural practices for maintaining and enhancing soil health. Through field studies, laboratory analyses, and literature reviews, this research explores the intricate relationships between soil physical, chemical, and biological attributes, identifying key sign of soil health and their implications for sustainable farming.
DEVELOPMENT AND QUALITY EVALUATION OF BEETROOT APPLE JAM
Authors: Patil Mayur Sanjay , Lawande Harshad Subhash , Bakal Sharvari Sanjay , Thote Kalyani Sudam
Published: June 2024

Jam is a semisolid food product that is created by boiling fruit pulp (not less than 45% by weight) with sufficient sugar (55% by weight) to a reasonably thick consistency, firm enough to hold the fruit tissues in position, and richin carbohydrates, vitamins, and fiber. The objective of the present work was development and evaluation of the quality of enriched beetroot apple jam. The beetroot apple jam was prepared from 60% apple and 40% beetroot. It was found most acceptable by considering the sensory attributes. Beetroot's low sugar content means it is not utilized to make sugar; instead, it is produced for a variety of food purposes, including as fresh vegetables, dehydrated or frozen goods, or for food preparations like pickles or juices. Apple is rich in Vit. C, Iron, pectin -1-1.5% (unripe apple) Apples are helpful for the prevention of cancer treatment of anemia, for diabetes, and reducing high blood pressure. It is particularly provided with nutrition-rich jam. The developed beetroot applejam was prepared with different formulations. The developed Beetroot Apple Jam was evaluated for Proximate composition. The analysis revealed that percentages of fat, moisture, TSS and Ash value of beetroot apple jam were 0.28%-, 27.80%- ,68.5-degree brix, and 0.45% respectively.
FACTORS INFLUENCING FARMERS’ CROP CHOICE IN HOOGHLY DISTRICT: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Authors: Saikat Saha Mr. , Sagar Tamang Mr. , Biswajit Sarkar Dr. , Nikhil Gayen Dr. , Samsul Haque Ansary Dr. , Sudip Raha Mr.
Published: June 2024

Agriculture is an important sector that sustains human life and supports economies worldwide. The selection of crops by farmers is a multifaceted decision process, influenced by a numerous of factors ranging from environmental conditions to economic considerations and sociocultural factors. This article presents a comprehensive review of the key factors influencing farmers' crop choice in Hooghly district of West Bengal under New Alluvial Agro-climatic Zone, drawing insights from various studies and research conducted across different regions and agricultural systems. Understanding these factors can contribute to the development of informed policies and strategies to enhance agricultural productivity and food security in a changing world.
NUTRITIONAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF CUSTARD APPLE (Anonna squamosa)
Authors: Soujanya Kanneboina , Sree Meduri Swapna , Keerthi J.
Published: June 2024

Custard apple (Sitaphal) is a delicious, highly perishable, seasonal fruit belongs to family Annonaceae. The fruit has very good commercial importance in India. Almost all the parts of the tree are used in the traditional medicine to treat many health conditions. It is a valuable source of essential nutrients like energy, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. Many studies reported that the fruit has various pharmacological activities such as antidiabetic, antibacterial, antitumour, antiaging, anti-inflammatory, antigenotoxic, antiarthritic, during pregnancy, immune boosting activity and hepatotoxic activity. Developed of Custard apple incorporated products add variety and storage capacity of the fruit. Among all the fruits, Custard apple is most effective to treat many diseases and disorders. It has valuable therapeutic and nutraceutical potential, which helps to lead a healthy life.
KHEJRI (PROSOPIS CINERARIA): A MULTIPURPOSE TREE OF THE THAR DESERT
Authors: Singh Preeti , Manjri Ms. , Pathak Shakti Om
Published: June 2024

The Prosopis cineraria (L) locally name as Khejri in Rajasthan is an important tree that contributes to rural economy of the North Western arid region of India as mentioned in ancient literature. It is a leguminous and prominent tree component of the agroforestry system practised in the arid and semi-arid regions of India. This is a versatile species providing Fiber, Fuel, Fodder and Food. The tree leaves are considered as good fodder and therefore used for feeding camels and goats. The fresh green pods are used as a vegetable and a dish known as Panchkuta is also prepared from khejri pods, which are locally called as “Sangri” in Rajasthan. The flowers provide nectar and pollen for honey bees thus helps in producing honey. The wood is useful for house construction, making cart and agricultural implements and is ideal for domestic heating. Prosopis cineraria improve soil and stabilize sand dunes. The bark infusion of the tree is taken orally as abortifacient and purgative. Khejri is well known for the treating asthma and worm. Therefore, this review is focused to delineate its botany, silviculture, ecology, socio-economic importance, nutritional importance, uses, medicinal importance and photochemicals, precisely.
LAND RESTORATION AND CHALLENGES IN LAND DEGRADATION MITIGATION
Authors: Chaudhary Charul
Published: June 2024

The restoration of degraded lands is a critical endeavor for enhancing agricultural productivity and environmental quality. While lightly degraded soils can be improved through practices like crop rotation and minimum tillage, severe land degradation poses significant challenges. This article discusses the two contrasting schools of thought regarding land degradation, highlighting the importance of standardizing terminology, assessing land-vegetation relationships, and employing consistent techniques for measuring land degradation. The complexities of quantifying the economic and health impacts of land degradation are also explored. To combat land degradation, the article emphasizes the need for early warning indicators, societal responsibility among soil scientists, and active participation in public policy formulation. International collaboration and economic analyses play crucial roles in addressing this global issue. Furthermore, the link between land degradation and human/animal health, quantifying resource consumption rates, and assessing the aesthetic value of land are addressed. The article underscores the importance of creating awareness and adopting a three-step approach involving assessment, monitoring, and mitigating technologies to preserve soil resources. Finally, it advocates for a new paradigm that considers contemporary environmental challenges and sustainable practices while allocating research and development funds for soil conservation. To combat land degradation successfully, it is essential to consider the intricate interplay between natural and human systems, focusing on sustainable land management and poverty alleviation. The article also discusses the importance of community engagement, land-use planning, and implementing financial tools for measuring land degradation. In conclusion, it emphasizes the need for a holistic approach that integrates various scientific disciplines and stakeholders to promote sustainable land management practices, ensuring improved agricultural productivity and environmental health for future generations.