bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Looking back into Abu Ghraib: Standard Operating Procedure (Erroll Morris, 2008)
Authors: Letort Delphine
Published: November 2013

This article examines Errol Morris’s documentary Standard Operating Procedure (2008), which represents an attempt on the part of the filmmaker to demystify the media’s moralizing and dramatizing glance at the Abu Ghraib photographs that created a scandal when first broadcast on television in 2004. Through a forensic analysis of the digital prints used in counterpoint to the implicated soldiers’ testimonies, Morris strives to recontextualize the notorious snapshots. Although he reaches his goal and recovers the individual stories behind the iconic photos, he fails to humanize the soldiers – turned into monsters by the media. This study points to the limits of the participatory mode of documentary filmmaking, using the interrotron as the basis for an interviewing technique that undermines the power to self-representation.
Victims and bystanders: Women in the Japanese war-retro film
Authors: Coates Jennifer
Published: November 2013

While war narratives on film generally focus on male characterisation, this article suggests that analysis of female images in the war film can reveal processes of commemoration and memorialisation at work within the war film genre. Taking examples from the ‘war-retro’ genre popular in 1950s–1970s Japan, the author argues that the female image functions as an emotional screen in the war-retro film, anchoring the sympathies and emotions of the viewer to the leading characters and their inherent political affiliations. The female victims and onlookers of the war-retro film draw the sympathies of the viewer and heighten emotional investment in the stakes of the narrative, emotions which are then transferred to the impassive heroes. This article demonstrates the powerful techniques at work within the imagistic structure of the war-retro film which effect a virtual re-writing of history by creating a new collective national memory of war.
The application of humanization theory to health-promoting practice
Authors: Norton Elizabeth
Published: November 2013

It has been identified that if public health interventions do not account for what it means to be human, they are likely to fail. The aim of this article is to introduce humanization theory and to show how it can be applied to health-promoting practice. Health promotion can feature humanizing and dehumanizing elements, and these appear to impact on how people may (or may not) engage with interventions. The primary prevention of skin cancer in young people is an illustration of this. The practice implications of applying humanization theory to health promotion are potentially vast and complex; however, it is proposed that considering the dimensions of humanization may be a useful activity to inform the early stages of health-promotion intervention designs. Furthermore, developing the qualitative research evidence base about peoples’ experiences of humanizing dimensions of health promotion would also be a valuable step towards ensuring that interventions account for the ‘human dimension’. Applying humanization theory to the specific example of skin cancer prevention in young people has been a new venture but based on work so far, suggestions for humanizing principles for skin cancer prevention would need to be inclusive of the needs of young people, to support them and to involve them in research and intervention development.
Prevalence of Communication Disorders in HIV-Infected Adults
Authors: Kallail K. James , Downs David , Scherz Julie , Sweet Donna , Zackula Rosalee E.
Published: November 2013

Few adult patients with HIV/AIDS are evaluated for communication disorders. A broad inventory of the communication disorders was obtained in a convenience sample of 82 adult HIV/AIDS patients who presented for medical appointments. Each participant underwent a head and neck exam and a communications skills evaluation. Speech, language, and cognition were assessed using a 10-item test battery. A 14-item hearing test battery was conducted in a separate session. The primary outcomes were the presence and degree of communication disorders. Head and neck exams revealed 40% with ear-related issues. Only 2 participants showed normal findings on all 24 communication skills assessments. Four demonstrated normal findings on all speech-language-cognitive assessments, whereas 8 had normal findings on the complete hearing test battery. A relatively high prevalence of cognitive and language deficits and central auditory disturbances were found. Clinicians must recognize the potential for communication deficits even in a relatively healthy patient with HIV.
Nutritional status of children under 5 years of age in the Brazilian Western Amazon before and after the Interoceanic highway paving: a population-based study
Authors: Ramalho Alanderson A , Mantovani Saulo AS , Delfino Breno M , Pereira Thasciany M , Martins Antonio C , Oliart-Guzmán Humberto , Brãna Athos M , Branco Fernando LCC , Campos Rhanderson G , Guimarães Andréia S , Araújo Thiago S , Oliveira Cristieli SM , Codeço Cláudia T , Muniz Pascoal T , da Silva-Nunes Mônica
Published: November 2013

Background

The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of undernutrition, overweight and associated factors, before and after the implementation of the Interoceanic Highway.

Methods

A population-based cross-sectional study on children under 5 years of age was conducted in the municipality of Assis Brasil, AC, Brazil, in 2003 and 2010. Prevalence of undernutrition was observed by using height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ) and adopting a cut-off point equal to or lower than a -2 Z-score. Overweight prevalence was defined by a cut-off point equal to or greater than a +2 Z-score of the WHZ index. Z-scores were calculated relative to WHO 2006 reference data. Semi-structured questionnaires were applied to the children’s guardians, investigating family socio-economic and demographic characteristics, morbidities, access to services and child care. Associated factors were identified by hierarchical multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results

The prevalence of low HAZ (undernutrition) was 7.0% in 2003 and 12.2% in 2010. The prevalence of high WHZ (overweight) was 1.0% and 6.6% for 2003 and 2010, respectively. It was not possible to adjust the multiple model for the year 2003. The factors associated with low HAZ in 2010 were: wealth index, the situation of living with biological parents, maternal height and presence of open sewage, whereas the factors associated with a high WHZ in the same year were: child’s age, mother’s time of residence in the location, mother’s body mass index.

Conclusions

Overweight increase within this undernutrition scenario reveals that the process of nutritional transition began in this Amazonian city only in the last decade, and therefore, it is delayed when compared to overweight in other parts of Brazil. Such nutritional transition in Assis Brasil may have been facilitated by the construction of the Interoceanic Highway.
Coupled coincidence point theorems for α-ψ-contractive type mappings in partially ordered metric spaces
Authors: Kaushik Preeti , Kumar Sanjay , Kumam Poom
Published: November 2013

In this paper, we introduce the notion of α-ψ-contractions and

(
α
)

-admissibility for a pair of mappings. In fact, our theorem is a generalization of the result of Mursaleen et al. (Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2012, doi:10.1186/1687-1812-2012-228). At the end, we shall provide an example in support of our main result.

MSC:47H10, 54H25, 34B15.
Organizational readiness for knowledge translation in chronic care: a review of theoretical components
Authors: Attieh Randa , Gagnon Marie-Pierre , Estabrooks Carole A , Légaré France , Ouimet Mathieu , Roch Geneviève , Ghandour El Kebir , Grimshaw Jeremy
Published: November 2013

Background

With the persistent gaps between research and practice in healthcare systems, knowledge translation (KT) has gained significance and importance. Also, in most industrialized countries, there is an increasing emphasis on managing chronic health conditions with the best available evidence. Yet, organizations aiming to improve chronic care (CC) require an adequate level of organizational readiness (OR) for KT.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to review and synthesize the existing evidence on conceptual models/frameworks of Organizational Readiness for Change (ORC) in healthcare as the basis for the development of a comprehensive framework of OR for KT in the context of CC.

Data sources

We conducted a systematic review of the literature on OR for KT in CC using Pubmed, Embase, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Web of Sciences (SCI and SSCI), and others. Search terms included readiness; commitment and change; preparedness; willing to change; organization and administration; and health and social services.

Study selection: The search was limited to studies that had been published between the starting date of each bibliographic database (e.g., 1964 for PubMed) and November 1, 2012. Only papers that refer to a theory, a theoretical component from any framework or model on OR that were applicable to the healthcare domain were considered. We analyzed data using conceptual mapping.

Data extraction: Pairs of authors independently screened the published literature by reviewing their titles and abstracts. Then, the two same reviewers appraised the full text of each study independently.

Results

Overall, we found and synthesized 10 theories, theoretical models and conceptual frameworks relevant to ORC in healthcare described in 38 publications. We identified five core concepts, namely organizational dynamics, change process, innovation readiness, institutional readiness, and personal readiness. We extracted 17 dimensions and 59 sub-dimensions related to these 5 concepts.

Conclusion

Our findings provide a useful overview for researchers interested in ORC and aims to create a consensus on the core theoretical components of ORC in general and of OR for KT in CC in particular. However, more work is needed to define and validate the core elements of a framework that could help to assess OR for KT in CC.
Bioethanol production from rice straw by popping pretreatment
Authors: Wi Seung Gon , Choi In Seong , Kim Kyoung Hyoun , Kim Ho Myeong , Bae Hyeun-Jong
Published: November 2013

Background

Rice straw has considerable potential as a raw material for bioethanol production. Popping pretreatment of rice straw prior to downstream enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation was found to increase cellulose to glucose conversion efficiency. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of popping pretreatment and determine the optimal enzyme loading using a surface response design.

Results

The optimal doses of cellulase and xylanase enzymes were 23 FPU and 62 IU/g biomass, respectively. Using the optimized enzyme condition and popping pretreatment of rice straw (15% substrate loading, w/v), a sugar recovery of 0.567 g/g biomass (glucose; 0.394 g/g) was obtained in 48 h, which was significantly higher than that from untreated rice straw (total sugar recovery; 0.270 g/g biomass). Fermentation of the hydrolyzates bySaccharomyces cerevisiaeresulted in 0.172 g ethanol/g biomass after 24 h, equivalent to 80.9% of the maximum theoretical yield (based on the amount of glucose in raw material). Changes in the chemical composition and surface area of rice straw were also investigated before and after popping pretreatment. The results showed little or no difference in chemical composition between the pretreated rice straw and the control. However, the surface area of pretreated rice straw increased twofold compared to the control.

Conclusion

Popping pretreatment of rice straw can effectively improve downstream saccharification and fermentation, important for bioethanol production.
Penetrating orbit injury: challenge to emergency medicine
Authors: Malla Gyanendra , Bhandari Rabin , Gupta Pramendra Prasad , Giri Rajani
Published: November 2013

Background

Penetrating orbital injuries pose a serious threat to vision, ocular motility, and in some cases, life. The setting and causes of eye injury are diverse, but previous studies have demonstrated that the risk and type of injury is often correlated with age, gender, and race. Pediatric ocular injury is often accidental and may be preventable. A focused history and prompt ocular examination are essential to immediate management.

Case presentation

This article describes a case of protruding foreign body-related penetrating orbit injury with a retained foreign body in a 4-year-old male from a town in the eastern part of Nepal. The child presented to the emergency with foreign body in situ without receiving any pre emergency care without any medical attendance. The patient was managed with non-operative removal of foreign body in the emergency. The case discussion will review the initial presentation, examination, resultant management decisions, and final outcome.

Conclusion

Foreign body presentations may be diverse and non-operative management may be considered in selected cases. Resource availability and conditions at presentations may also influence the management decisions. This case presentation has described such a scenario in developing country like Nepal and is expected to be interest across various medical specialties.
QTL mapping reveals a tight linkage between QTLs for grain weight and panicle spikelet number in rice
Authors: Luo Xiao , Ji Shi-Dong , Yuan Ping-Rong , Lee Hyun-Sook , Kim Dong-Min , Balkunde Sangshetty , Kang Ju-Won , Ahn Sang-Nag
Published: November 2013

Background

A number of QTL studies reported that one genomic region was associated with several traits, indicating linkage and/or pleiotropic effects. The question of pleiotropy versus tight linkage in these studies should be solved using a large-size population combined with high-density mapping. For example, if each of the 2 parents has a TGW-increasing or SPP-increasing QTL that is tightly linked, complementary combination of the 2 beneficial QTLs by using molecular markers could produce higher yields compared to the 2 parents. However, a pleiotropic QTL with opposite effects on the SPP and 1,000-grain weight (TGW) is complicated and challenging in terms of its application to rice improvement.

Results

In this study, using a series of BC5F4 nearly isogenic lines (NILs) that were derived from a cross between the Korean japonica cultivar Hwayeongbyeo and Oryza rufipogon, we demonstrated that 2 QTLs, qSPP5 for spikelets per panicle (SPP) and qTGW5 for grain weight (TGW), are tightly linked on chromosome 5. Alleles from the O. rufipogon parent increased the SPP and decreased TGW in the Hwayeongbyeo background. qSPP5 was located within a 803-kb interval between the simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers INDEL3 and RM18076. Based on the map position, qTGW 5 seemed to be the same gene as qSW5, which controls grain morphology. The additive effect of the O. rufipogon allele at qSPP5 was 10–15 SPP, and 33.0% of the phenotypic variance could be explained by the segregation of the SSR marker RM18058. Yield trials with BC5F4 NILs showed that lines that contained a homozygous O. rufipogon introgression at the qSPP5 region out-yielded sibling NILs that contained Hwayeongbyeo DNA by 15.3% and out-yielded the Hwayeongbyeo parent by 7.3%.

Conclusion

Based on the finding that the O. rufipogon allele for the SPP was beneficial in the japonica and indica cultivar backgrounds, the qSPP5 allele could be valuable for improving rice yields. In addition, the NIL populations and molecular markers are useful for cloning qSPP5.
Identification of Independent Susceptible and Protective HLA Alleles in Japanese Autoimmune Thyroid Disease and Their Epistasis
Authors: Ueda Sho , Oryoji Daisuke , Yamamoto Ken , Noh Jaeduk Yoshimura , Okamura Ken , Noda Mitsuhiko , Kashiwase Koichi , Kosuga Yuka , Sekiya Kenichi , Inoue Kaori , Yamada Hisakata , Oyamada Akiko , Nishimura Yasuharu , Yoshikai Yasunobu , Ito Koichi , Sasazuki Takehiko
Published: November 2013

Background:

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) includes Graves disease (GD) and Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT), which partially share immunological features. Determining the genetic basis that distinguishes GD and HT is a key to understanding the differences between these 2 related diseases.

Aim:

The aims of this study were to identify HLA antigens that can explain the immunopathological difference between GD and HT and to elucidate epistatic interactions between protective and susceptible HLA alleles, which can delineate the distinct function of HLA in AITD etiology.

Design:

We genotyped 991 patients with AITD (547 patients with GD and 444 patients with HT) and 481 control subjects at the HLA-A, HLA-C, HLA-B, DRB1, DQB1, and DPB1 loci. A direct comparison of HLA antigen frequencies between GD and HT was performed. We further analyzed an epistatic interaction between the susceptible and protective HLA alleles in the development of GD and HT.

Results:

We identified 4 and 2 susceptible HLA molecules primarily associated with GD and HT, respectively, HLA-B*35:01, HLA-B*46:01, HLA-DRB1*14:03, and HLA-DPB1*05:01 for GD and HLA-A*02:07 and HLA-DRB4 for HT. In a direct comparison between GD and HT, we identified GD-specific susceptible class II molecules, HLA-DP5 (HLA-DPB1*05:01; Pc = 1.0 × 10−9) and HLA-DR14 (HLA-DRB*14:03; Pc = .0018). In contrast, HLA components on 3 common haplotypes in Japanese showed significant protective effects against the development of GD and HT (HLA-A*24:02-C*12:02-B*52:01-DRB1*15:02-DQB1*06:01-DPB1*09:01 and HLA-A*24:02-C*07:02-B*07:02-DRB1*01:01-DQB1*05:01-DPB1*04:02 haplotypes for GD and HLA-A*33:03-C*14:03-B*44:03-DRB1*13:02-DQB1*06:04-DPB1*04:01 haplotype for GD and HT). Interestingly, the representative protective HLA, HLA-DR13 (HLA-DRB1*13:02), was epistatic to susceptible HLA-DP5 in controlling the development of GD.

Conclusion:

We show that HLA exerts a dual function, susceptibility and resistance, in controlling the development of GD and HT. We also show that the protective HLA allele is partially epistatic to the susceptible HLA allele in GD.
The role of fanning behavior in water exchange by a nest‐guarding benthic fish before spawning
Authors: Meunier Benjamin , White Blake , Corkum Lynda D.
Published: November 2013

Lay Abstract

In some species of fish, males provide parental care and fan within nests before eggs are deposited. Courtship fanning behavior by the male may serve to advertise to females both his ability to disperse reproductive chemical signals and to ventilate eggs once deposited in the nest. We used a technique, called particle image velocimetry, to visualize and characterize flow both in and out of a nest generated by courting Round Goby males, a bottom‐dwelling fish. Once flow was characterized, we conducted a laboratory experiment to determine if caudal and pectoral fanning behavior was influenced by the presence of a female near the nest. The presence of a single female in the vicinity of the nest had no effect on fanning rates. However, there were significant differences between fanning behavior between types of fins. Fanning by caudal fins (with the tail at the nest entrance) resulted in water being pushed out of the nest. We estimated that caudal fanning currents propagated over a distance of at least 34 cm from the nest entrance (2–3 times the body length of an adult Round Goby). In contrast, fanning by pectoral fins (with the head at the nest entrance) resulted in flow entering the nest. Flow entering the nest was much lower than flow being pushed out of the nest. We speculate that by pumping water out of the nest with their tail, males disperse odors to guide reproductive females to the nest; whereas pectoral fanning serves mainly to ventilate the nest, denoting specialization of these locomotive structures as pumping and water stirring appendages.
FOXD1 promotes nephron progenitor differentiation by repressing decorin in the embryonic kidney
Authors: Fetting Jennifer L. , Guay Justin A. , Karolak Michele J. , Iozzo Renato V. , Adams Derek C. , Maridas David E. , Brown Aaron C. , Oxburgh Leif
Published: November 2013

Forkhead transcription factors are essential for diverse processes in early embryonic development and organogenesis. Foxd1 is required during kidney development and its inactivation results in failure of nephron progenitor cell differentiation. Foxd1 is expressed in interstitial cells adjacent to nephron progenitor cells, suggesting an essential role for the progenitor cell niche in nephrogenesis. To better understand how cortical interstitial cells in general, and FOXD1 in particular, influence the progenitor cell niche, we examined the differentiation states of two progenitor cell subtypes in Foxd1-/- tissue. We found that although nephron progenitor cells are retained in a primitive CITED1-expressing compartment, cortical interstitial cells prematurely differentiate. To identify pathways regulated by FOXD1, we screened for target genes by comparison of Foxd1 null and wild-type tissues. We found that the gene encoding the small leucine-rich proteoglycan decorin (DCN) is repressed by FOXD1 in cortical interstitial cells, and we show that compound genetic inactivation of Dcn partially rescues the failure of progenitor cell differentiation in the Foxd1 null. We demonstrate that DCN antagonizes BMP/SMAD signaling, which is required for the transition of CITED1-expressing nephron progenitor cells to a state that is primed for WNT-induced epithelial differentiation. On the basis of these studies, we propose a mechanism for progenitor cell retention in the Foxd1 null in which misexpressed DCN produced by prematurely differentiated interstitial cells accumulates in the extracellular matrix, inhibiting BMP7-mediated transition of nephron progenitor cells to a compartment in which they can respond to epithelial induction signals.
A bi-modal function of Wnt signalling directs an FGF activity gradient to spatially regulate neuronal differentiation in the midbrain
Authors: Dyer Carlene , Blanc Eric , Hanisch Anja , Roehl Henry , Otto Georg W. , Yu Tian , Basson M. A. , Knight Robert
Published: November 2013

FGFs and Wnts are important morphogens during midbrain development, but their importance and potential interactions during neurogenesis are poorly understood. We have employed a combination of genetic and pharmacological manipulations in zebrafish to show that during neurogenesis FGF activity occurs as a gradient along the anterior-posterior axis of the dorsal midbrain and directs spatially dynamic expression of the Hairy gene her5. As FGF activity diminishes during development, Her5 is lost and differentiation of neuronal progenitors occurs in an anterior-posterior manner. We generated mathematical models to explain how Wnt and FGFs direct the spatial differentiation of neurons in the midbrain through Wnt regulation of FGF signalling. These models suggested that a negative-feedback loop controlled by Wnt is crucial for regulating FGF activity. We tested Sprouty genes as mediators of this regulatory loop using conditional mouse knockouts and pharmacological manipulations in zebrafish. These reveal that Sprouty genes direct the positioning of early midbrain neurons and are Wnt responsive in the midbrain. We propose a model in which Wnt regulates FGF activity at the isthmus by driving both FGF and Sprouty gene expression. This controls a dynamic, posteriorly retracting expression of her5 that directs neuronal differentiation in a precise spatiotemporal manner in the midbrain.
Inhibitors of neutrophil recruitment identified using transgenic zebrafish to screen a natural product library
Authors: Wang Xingang , Robertson Anne L. , Li Jingyu , Chai Ruth Jinfen , Haishan Wang , Sadiku Pranvera , Ogryzko Nikolay V. , Everett Martin , Yoganathan Kanagasundaram , Luo Hongbo Robert , Renshaw Stephen A. , Ingham Philip W.
Published: November 2013

Cell migration is fundamental to the inflammatory response, but uncontrolled cell migration and excess recruitment of neutrophils and other leukocytes can cause damage to the tissue. Here we describe the use of an in vivo model - the Tg(mpx:GFP)i114 zebrafish line in which neutrophils are labelled by green fluorescent protein (GFP) - to screen a natural product library for compounds that can affect neutrophil migratory behaviour. Among 1040 fungal extracts screened, two were found to inhibit neutrophil migration. Subfractionation of these extracts identified sterigmatocystin and antibiotic PF1052 as the active components. Using the EZ-TAXIScan chemotaxis assay, both compounds were also found to have a dosage-dependent inhibitory effect on murine neutrophil migration. Furthermore, neutrophils treated with PF1052 failed to form pseudopods and appeared round in shape, suggesting a defect in PI3-kinase (P13K) signalling. We generated a transgenic neutrophil-specific PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 (PIP3) reporter zebrafish line, which revealed that PF1052 does not affect the activation of PI3K at the plasma membrane. In human neutrophils, PF1052 neither induced apoptosis nor blocked AKT phosphorylation. In conclusion, we have identified an antibiotic from a natural product library with potent anti-inflammatory properties, and have established the utility of the mpx:GFP transgenic zebrafish for high throughput in vivo screens for novel inhibitors of neutrophil migration.
Integrins Promote Cytokinesis through the RSK Signaling Axis
Authors: Mathew Shomita S. , Nieves Bethsaida , Sequeira Sharon , Sambandamoorthy Savitha , Pumiglia Kevin , Larsen Melinda , LaFlamme Susan E.
Published: November 2013

Cytokinesis is the final stage in cell division. Although integrins can regulate cytokinesis, the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrate that integrin-regulated ERK and RSK signaling promotes successful cytokinesis. Inhibiting the activation of ERK and RSK in CHO cells by a mutation in the integrin β1 cytoplasmic tail or with pharmacological inhibitors results in the accumulation of cells with midbodies and the formation of binucleated cells. Activation of ERK and RSK signaling by the expression of constitutively active RAF1 suppresses the mutant phenotype in a RSK-dependent manner. Constitutively active RSK2 also restores cytokinesis inhibited by the mutant integrin. Importantly, the regulatory role of the RSK pathway is not specific to CHO cells. MCF-10A human mammary epithelial cells and HPNE human pancreatic ductal epithelial cells exhibit a similar dependence on RSK for successful cytokinesis. In addition, depriving mitotic MCF10A cells of integrin-mediated adhesion by incubating them in suspension suppressed ERK and RSK activation and resulted in cytokinesis failure. Furthermore, inhibition of RSK or integrins within the 3D context of a developing salivary gland organ explant also leads to an accumulation of epithelial cells with midbodies, suggesting a similar defect in cytokinesis. Interestingly, neither ERK nor RSK regulates cytokinesis in human fibroblasts, suggesting cell-type specificity. Taken together our results identify the integrin-RSK signaling axis as an important regulator of cytokinesis in epithelial cells. We propose that the proper interaction of cells with their microenvironment through integrins contributes to the maintenance of genomic stability by promoting the successful completion of cytokinesis.
Recurrent deletions of ULK4 in schizophrenia: a novel gene crucial for neuritogenesis and neuronal motility
Authors: Lang Bing , Pu Jin , Hunter Irene , Liu Min , Martin-Granados Cristina , Reilly Thomas J , Gao Guo-Dong , Guan Zhen-Long , Li Wei-Dong , Shi Yong-Yong , He Guang , He Lin , Stefánsson Hreinn , St Clair David , Blackwood Douglas H , McCaig Colin D , Shen Sanbing
Published: November 2013

Although many pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs) are associated with neuropsychiatric diseases, few of them have been functionally characterised. Here we report multiple schizophrenia cases with CNV abnormalities specific to unc-51-like kinase 4 (ULK4), a novel serine/threonine kinase gene. Deletions spanning exons 21–34 of ULK4 were present in 4 out of 3,391 schizophrenia patients from the International Schizophrenia Consortium, but absent in 3,181 controls. Deletions removing exons 33 and 34 of the large splice variant of ULK4 also were enriched in Icelandic schizophrenia and bipolar patients compared to 98,022 controls (P=0.0007 for schizophrenia plus bipolar disorder). Combining the two cohorts gives a p value less than 0.0001 for schizophrenia, or for schizophrenia plus bipolar disorder. The expression of ULK4 is neuron-specific and developmentally regulated. ULK4 modulates multiple signalling pathways including ERK, p38, PKC, and JNK, which are involved in stress responses and implicated in schizophrenia. Knockdown of ULK4 disrupts the composition of microtubules and compromises neuritogenesis and cell motility. Targeted Ulk4 deletion causes corpus callosum agenesis in mice. Our findings indicate that ULK4 is a rare susceptibility gene for schizophrenia.
Cdc42 and the RhoGEF Intersectin-1 collaborate with Nck to promote N-WASP-dependent actin polymerisation
Authors: Humphries Ashley C. , Donnelly Sara K. , Way Michael
Published: November 2013

Vaccinia virus enhances its cell-to-cell spread by inducing Arp2/3-dependent actin polymerization. This process is initiated by Src and Abl-mediated phosphorylation of the viral transmembrane protein A36, leading to recruitment of a signalling network consisting of Grb2, Nck, WIP and N-WASP. Nck is a potent activator of N-WASP-Arp2/3-dependent actin polymerization. However, recent observations demonstrate that an interaction between Nck and N-WASP is not required for vaccinia actin tail formation. We found that Cdc42 cooperates with Nck to promote actin tail formation by stabilizing N-WASP beneath the virus. Cdc42 activation is mediated by the RhoGEF, intersectin-1 (ITSN1), which is recruited to the virus prior to actin-based motility. Moreover, Cdc42-ITSN1-N-WASP function collaboratively in a feed-forward loop to promote vaccinia-induced actin polymerization. Outside the context of infection, we demonstrate that ITSN1 also functions together with Cdc42, Nck and N-WASP during Fc gamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis. Our observations suggest that ITSN1 is an important general regulator of Cdc42, Nck and N-WASP-dependent actin polymerization.
RalA promotes a direct exocyst-Par6 interaction to regulate polarity in neuronal development
Authors: Das Amlan , Gajendra Sangeetha , Falenta Katarzyna , Oudin Madeleine J. , Peschard Pascal , Feng Shanshan , Wu Bin , Marshall Christopher J. , Doherty Patrick , Guo Wei , Lalli Giovanna
Published: November 2013

Cell polarization is essential for neuronal development in both embryonic and postnatal brain. Here, using primary cultures, in vivo postnatal electroporation and conditional genetic ablation, we show that the Ras-like small GTPase RalA and its effector, the exocyst, regulate the morphology and polarized migration of neural progenitors derived from the subventricular zone, a major neurogenic niche in the postnatal brain. Active RalA promotes the direct binding between the exocyst subunit Exo84 and the PDZ domain of Par6 through a non-canonical PDZ-binding motif. Blocking the Exo84-Par6 interaction impairs polarization in postnatal neural progenitors and cultured embryonic neurons. Our results provide the first in vivo characterization of RalA function in the mammalian brain and highlight a novel molecular mechanism for cell polarization. Since the exocyst and the Par complex are conserved in many tissues, the functional significance of their interaction and its regulation by RalA are likely to be important in a wide range of polarization events.
Effects of ortho-Phenyl Substitution on Molecular Arrangements of Octadehydrodibenzo[12]annulene
Authors: Hisaki Ichiro , Manabe Noriko , Osaka Keisuke , Saeki Akinori , Seki Shu , Tohnai Norimitsu , Miyata Mikiji
Published: November 2013

To modulate assembly manners of octadehydrodibenzo[12]annulene ([12]DBA) core in solid state, we first synthesized ortho-phenyl-substituted derivative 2 and investigated the effects of the substituents on the molecular stacking manner of the [12]DBA core. [12]DBA 2 yielded four types of crystals, which differ from that of the parent compound: Namely, the guest-free crystal possessing an offset stacking manner (I-GF), the solvate with a edge-to-face arrangement (II), the solvates with zigzag π-stacked arrangements (III and III′), and the solvate with 1D π-stacked columnar arrangements (IV). In the crystals, the phenyl groups contribute to limiting the stacking geometry of the [12]DBA cores and to forming void spaces accommodating various guest species, allowing versatile molecular assembly manners hitherto known for [12]DBA derivatives. We revealed that the crystals showed structure dependent fluorescence and charge carrier behaviors.
Self-Excited Acoustical System for Stress Measurement in Mass Rocks
Authors: Kwasniewski Janusz , Kravtsov Yury , Dominik Ireneusz , Dorobczynski Lech , Lalik Krzysztof
Published: November 2013

The paper is devoted to theoretical end experimental studies of the low-frequency Self-excited Acoustical System (SAS), which allows monitoring stress changes in various elastic media including metals, concrete and mass rocks. The main principle of the SAS system is using a vibration exciter and vibration receiver placed on a sample with a positive feedback, which causes the excitation of the system. Stress changes manifest themselves in small but detectable variations of resonance frequency which can be used to indirectly measure stress changes in the material.

In the paper the considerations concerning working frequency of SAS were performed. It was suggested that in the case of stress variation in mass rock monitoring, the low frequency (even infrasound) band should be selected, in contrast to the stress monitoring in columns of marble or concrete, where frequencies from an acoustic band should be used. Computer simulations conducted in the MATLAB-Simulink environment were based on the research performed in the laboratories. They focused on finding a relationship between the compressing force and velocity of sound in a specimen made of concrete. Results of the simulations allowed to state that the frequency of self-excited oscillations of simulated SAS change linearly with the pressing force.

In the next step the laboratory experiments were carried out. The impact on stress measurement parameters such as: the position of sensors, actuator, and the influence of geometrical shape and dimensions of the sample. A sample of sandstone compressed in a frame by a hydraulic press was used in the study. The results proved the applicability of the design system.

Additionally, the new possible applications of SAS were suggested, such as monitoring stress variations of stresses in mass rock, particularly in the active seismic zones.
Active Control Strategy for Reduction of Vibrations in Mast Exposed to Ground Motions
Authors: Snamina Jacek , Orkisz Pawel
Published: November 2013

The paper presents an experimental study of active mass damper control strategy based on analysis of energy dissipation. The reduced model of telecommunication mast was built in laboratory. Using the special laboratory setup the verification of the proposed strategy was carried out for free and forced vibrations. Uniaxial and biaxial reduction systems were considered. Experiments confirmed that the proposed algorithm is effective. The best vibrations reduction was obtained using biaxial reduction system.
Construction of a Parametrized Tracked Vehicle Model and its Simulation in MSC.ADAMS Program
Authors: Nabaglo Tomasz , Kowal Janusz , Jurkiewicz Andrzej
Published: November 2013

The paper summarizes the methods of a tracked vehicles model construction in MSC.ADAMS program. Advantages and faults of these methods are described here. Finally, the authors describe one chosen method with exact elements geometry of the chosen real suspension parts. Basis on this method, a construction of the tracked vehicle model is described. Parts of this model are parameterized and can be fluently changed with usage of a dedicated user interface. Next, a part of the tracked vehicle simulation results is presented.
Bench Tests of Slow and Full Active Suspensions in Terms of Energy Consumption
Authors: Konieczny Jaroslaw , Kowal Janusz , Raczka Waldemar , Sibielak Marek
Published: November 2013

This paper is focused on the problem of active suspensions of wheeled vehicles with electro-hydraulic actuators. Two dynamic structures first with actuator connected with spring in series and second in parallel – called slow active and full active respectively – were considered. The considerations described in the paper concern physical quarter-vehicle models of suspensions. These models were constructed and installed on a rig for dynamic tests of structures. A laboratory rig enables the simulation of real conditions by disturbing investigated suspension by kinematic excitation. Research was carried out for various algorithms controlling the actuator of the active unit. For evaluation of laboratory research results, comparisons were proposed of frequency response functions and of time curves of instantaneous power taken by the active system from supply, obtained at the same excitation signals. Quantitative aggregated indicators in the form of an averaged coefficient of vibration transmissibility and power required for the active unit to achieve vibration transmissibility function were also proposed.
Bound Direct Displacement-Based Seismic Design of Buildings
Authors: Jia Lizhe , Li Hui , Duan Zhongdong , Chen Deshen
Published: November 2013

Limitations of probabilistic model appear when information is insufficient. Convex set model, which much less information is needed, is employed to model uncertainties of target displacement, peak acceleration and predominant period of ground motion. A new bound direct displacement-based seismic design method is proposed. The interval of seismic design results is obtained by considering the uncertainties of design variables and the relative risk of any design scheme within the interval is also simultaneously provided. The results of a four-storey RC building show that the base shear and beam sectional area by Xue's design scheme are close to the lower bound of the bound design method, and the column sectional area and the weight of steel bar are just over the middle value to the upper bound. The sensitivity analysis indicates that the base shear is more sensitive to target displacement.
THE THEORY OF FORMATION OF REQUIREMENTS OF THE PERSON
Authors: Генкин  , Genkin Boris
Published: November 2013

The general theory of requirements of the person, which unlike existing is offered, formalizes process of formation of requirements taking into account the individual purposes and values of employees of the organization.
The basic mechanisms of stimulation and opposition on of intellectual migration processes in the foregn countries
Authors: Куценко  , Kutsenko Tatyana
Published: November 2013

In the article are briefly described sources and basic approaches

to the regulation of international intellectual migration in the

historical retrospective. It is refined the volume of the concept of term

«international intellectual migration».

Primary attention is given to the analysis of the acting mechanisms of

stimulation and opposition to migration of intellectual personnel in the

foreign countries and Russia.

In the conclusion the possible scenarios of further development of phenomenon

are represented; are proposed the directions of opposition to

mass intellectual emigration from Russia and interaction with the Russian

scientific association abroad.
Formation of competence of high school students at the stage "high school — college"
Authors: Стуловская  , Stulovskaya Natalya
Published: November 2013

In developing societies the educational system must prepare

educated, moral, and enterprising people who are able not only to live in

civil society, but also to create a society. The solution of these problems is

possible through a radical change in educational content based on the

competency approach.
Bone transport with an external fixator and a locking plate for segmental tibial defects
Authors: Oh C-W. , Apivatthakakul T. , Oh J-K. , Kim J-W. , Lee H-J. , Kyung H-S. , Baek S-G. , Jung G-H.
Published: November 2013

Although gradual bone transport may permit the restoration of large-diameter bones, complications are common owing to the long duration of external fixation. In order to reduce such complications, a new technique of bone transport involving the use of an external fixator and a locking plate was devised for segmental tibial bone defects.

A total of ten patients (nine men, one woman) with a mean age at operation of 40.4 years (16 to 64) underwent distraction osteogenesis with a locking plate to treat previously infected post-traumatic segmental tibial defects. The locking plate was fixed percutaneously to bridge proximal and distal segments, and was followed by external fixation. After docking, percutaneous screws were fixed at the transported segment through plate holes. At the same time, bone grafting was performed at the docking site with the external fixator removed.

The mean defect size was 5.9 cm (3.8 to 9.3) and mean external fixation index was 13.4 days/cm (11.8 to 19.5). In all cases, primary union of the docking site and distraction callus was achieved, with an excellent bony result. There was no recurrence of deep infection or osteomyelitis, and with the exception of one patient with a pre-existing peroneal nerve injury, all achieved an excellent or good functional result.

With short external fixation times and low complication rates, bone transport with a locking plate could be recommended for patients with segmental tibial defects.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:1667–72.
Exam Corner – December 2013
Authors: Khanduja V.
Published: November 2013

The FRCS (Tr & Orth) examination has three components: MCQs, Vivas and Clinical Examination. The Vivas are further divided into four sections comprising Basic Science, Adult Pathology, Hands and Children’s Orthopaedics and Trauma. The Clinical Examination section is divided into Upper and Lower limb cases. The aim of this section in the Journal is to focus specifically on the trainees preparing for the exam and to cater to all the sections of the exam. The vision is to complete the cycle of all relevant exam topics (as per the syllabus) in four years.
Predictors of outcomes of recovery following total hip replacement surgery
Authors: McHugh G. A. , Campbell M. , Luker K. A.
Published: November 2013

Objectives

To investigate psychosocial and biomedical outcomes following total hip replacement (THR) and to identify predictors of recovery from THR.

Methods

Patients with osteoarthritis (OA) on the waiting list for primary THR in North West England were assessed pre-operatively and at six and 12 months post-operatively to investigate psychosocial and biomedical outcomes. Psychosocial outcomes were anxiety and depression, social support and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Biomedical outcomes were pain, physical function and stiffness. The primary outcome was the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey Total Physical Function. Potential predictors of outcome were age, sex, body mass index, previous joint replacement, involvement in the decision for THR, any comorbidities, any complications, type of medication, and pre-operative ENRICHD Social Support Instrument score, Hospital Anxiety and Depression scores and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index score.

Results

The study included 206 patients undergoing THR. There were 88 men and 118 women with a mean age of 66.3 years (sd 10.4;36 to 89). Pain, stiffness and physical function, severity of OA, HRQoL, anxiety and depression all improved significantly from pre-operative to 12-month assessment (all p < 0.001), with the greatest improvement occurring in the first six months (all p < 0.001). The predictors that were found to influence recovery six months after THR were: pain (p < 0.001), anxiety (p = 0.034), depression (p = 0.001), previous joint replacement (p = 0.006) and anti-inflammatory drugs (p = 0.012).

Conclusions

The study identified the key psychosocial and biomedical predictors of recovery following THR. By identifying these predictors, we are able to identify and provide more support for patients at risk of poor recovery following THR. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2013;2:248–54.
Towards a framework for analysing interactions between social science and environmental policy
Authors: Parry Sarah , Murphy Joseph
Published: November 2013

Interactions between social science and environmental policy have become increasingly important over the past 25 years. There has, however, been little analysis of the roles that social scientists adopt and the contributions they make. In this paper we begin the process, offering tentative answers to two key questions: in relation to environmental problems: (1) how do social science and public policy interact? and (2) in the future, what types of interactions can social scientists engage in? To answer these questions we build on research in policy studies and science and technology studies, and extend it through public scholarship debates.
Chemosensitizer effect of the crude oil water solution fraction on multixenobiotic resistance mechanism of the mussel Perna perna exposed to tributyltin
Authors: Jakobi Sibelle C G , Oliveira Ribeiro Ciro A de , Burckhardt Paula Luize , De Oliveira Larissa Tonelli , Pessatti Marcos Luiz
Published: November 2013

Tributyltin (TBT) and Water-Soluble Fraction (WSF) of crude oil are usually present in estuarine coastal waters. The transport of rhodamine B by multixenobiotic resistance (MXR) mechanism and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis were used for the experimental evaluation of the individual and associated sublethal effects of TBT and WSF on the gills of Perna perna. The combined effects of WSF and TBT were studied. A set of experiments consisted in testing 25ng TBT/L and different WSF concentrations, whereas another set consisted in assays with 33% WSF and different TBT concentrations. The results showed an inhibition in the MXR transport activity of mussels exposed to 75 and 100% of WSF, while the concentration upper than 300 ng TBT/L induced the same mechanism. The results showed that TBT increases the effect of WSF when they are exposed together. Morphological analysis showed gills lesions only in the group of WSF. The observed disturbs were due to the organization of cilia on the surface of the lamellae with potential consequence to feed and gas exchange.
Conception and Implementation of a BCH Code on a FPGA Board
Authors: EL GOURI Rachid , Ait Ahmed Wassima , Lichioui Ahmed , Hlou Laamari
Published: November 2013

In this paper we have designed and implemented a BCH (15, 7, 5) encoder on FPGA using VHDL description language and we implanted it on an FPGA Spartan 3E Starter board. The digital logic implementation of binary encoding of multiple error correcting BCH code of length n=15 is organized into shift register circuits. Multiple characteristics of cyclic codes will be discussed further on. The results of the simulation and implementation using Xilinx ISE.12.1 software and the LCD screen on the FPGAs Board will be shown at last.
Neubau des Library & Learning Center (LC) an der Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien
Authors: Werner Klaus Ulrich
Published: November 2013

Der Neubau des Library & Learning Centers der Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien wurde am 7. November 2013 offiziell eröffnet. Beschrieben werden die Grundstruktur sowie die wesentlichen baulichen und funktionalen Merkmale dieses architektonisch ungewöhnlichen Gebäudes.