bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Confidencialidade médica: visão do profissional médico nas diferentes fases da formação profissional
Authors: Ferro Emílio Zuolo , Miziara Ivan Dieb , Miziara Carmen Silvia Molleis Galego
Published: January 2025

Introdução: A relação médico-paciente é alicerçada em confiança mútua. As informações obtidas durante a consulta médica devem ser mantidas em sigilo, de acordo com os preceitos éticos e legais. No entanto, em algumas circunstâncias específicas, o sigilo pode ser quebrado sem constituir uma violação ética ou legal; pelo contrário, em tais situações, o seu rompimento é obrigatório. É crucial que os estudantes de medicina sejam preparados durante a graduação quanto às normas deontológicas e legais relacionadas a esse tema. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o grau de conhecimento tanto de estudantes de medicina quanto de profissionais em exercício na tomada de decisões diante de casos clínicos fictícios que envolvem o rompimento do sigilo médico. Método: Trata-se de pesquisa transversal, descritiva e com abordagem quantitativa. Foi enviado questionário autoaplicável aos participantes, dividido em duas partes distintas. A primeira com questões sociodemográficas e relacionadas à fase de formação profissional dos participantes. A segunda parte com dez casos clínicos hipotéticos, nos quais os participantes deveriam decidir se a quebra do sigilo médico deveria ser realizada ou não. A relação entre características sociodemográficas e a formação dos participantes foi avaliada utilizando o teste do qui-quadrado. Todas as análises foram conduzidas com um nível de confiança de 95%. Resultados: Após aplicar os critérios de exclusão, foram considerados para a análise estatística do presente estudo 87 participantes. Destes, 18 são alunos da graduação em Medicina e 69 são médicos formados. Não foi observada significância estatística ao associar as diferentes fases de formação profissional com as variáveis estudadas na presente amostra. Discussão: Os resultados revelaram desconhecimento tanto dos estudantes quanto dos médicos sobre os determinantes éticos e legais que regulam a quebra de sigilo. Conclusão: O ensino da deontologia médica deve ser realizado ao longo dos seis anos de formação médica durante a graduação.
Influência da pandemia da COVID-19 nos homicídios dolosos na cidade de São Paulo
Authors: Ramos Danilo , Miziara Carmen Silvia Molleis Galego , Miziara Ivan Dieb
Published: January 2025

A Organização Mundial da Saúde declarou, em janeiro de 2020, que o surto da doença causada pelo novo coronavírus, a COVID-19, “constitui uma emergência de saúde pública de importância internacional”. Em março de 2020 foi considerada como pandemia e, em consequência, houve mudanças no cotidiano das pessoas. O medo da doença e o isolamento social culminaram com desemprego, aumento do consumo de álcool e problemas emocionais, entre outros. Este estudo visou analisar a influência da pandemia nos homicídios no município de São Paulo. Estudo ecológico realizado no Departamento de Medicina Legal, Bioética, Medicina do Trabalho e Medicina Física e de Reabilitação da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Os dados foram obtidos no site da Secretaria de Segurança Pública de São Paulo, http://www.ssp.sp.gov.br, entre os anos de 2019 (pré-pandêmico) e 2022 (pós-pandêmico). Os dados foram analisados pelo programa SPSS® Version 27.0. Para realizar a análise epidemiológica, foi realizado o teste de Poisson; este teste foi utilizado para comparar a ocorrência mensal de homicídios e utilizou testes analíticos (transversal e longitudinal) para comparar as taxas de incidência de homicídio por zona da cidade. Na comparação anual de 2019 (5,95 óbitos/100 mil habitantes) em relação a 2020 (5,75 óbitos/100 mil habitantes), 2021 (4,95 óbitos/100 mil habitantes) e 2022 (4,93 óbitos/100 mil habitantes) com o p-valor =0,001, houve diferença estatística na média de casos entre os períodos estudados, resultado este confirmado pela abordagem analítica por análise longitudinal e transversal. Na análise dos homicídios entre as cinco zonas municipais, notou-se que em 2019, período pré-pandêmico, a taxa foi significativamente maior em comparação com os outros anos analisados. Os homicídios diminuíram no período de pandemia na cidade de São Paulo em comparação ao ano anterior. Esta queda nas mortes dolosas pode ser relacionada ao isolamento social imposto no período de estudo.
Opening a New Chapter for Computational Linguistics
Authors: Lu Wei
Published: January 2025

By the end of 2024, the journal Computational Linguistics has reached a significant milestone: It has published exactly 50 volumes over the past half-century. As we launch the first issue of Volume 51, this is an opportune moment to reflect on the journal’s legacy, ongoing evolution, and the exciting changes that lie ahead. Together, we embark on a journey to open a new chapter for this storied publication.
Intracranial EEG referencing for large-scale category-selective mapping in the human ventral occipito-temporal cortex
Authors: Hagen Simen , Jacques Corentin , Ranta Radu , Koessler Laurent , Maillard Louis , Colnat-Coulbois Sophie , Rossion Bruno , Jonas Jacques
Published: January 2025

Intracranial EEG (iEEG) is increasingly used in many fields of human cognitive neuroscience since it offers a unique opportunity to directly record brain activity from awake humans at a high spatial and temporal resolution. However, little is known about the influence of the reference montage on the spatial and temporal characteristics of iEEG activity. Here, we compare the spatial and temporal profiles of neural activity for five reference montages (scalp reference, common average, zero reference, local Bipolar, and Laplacian) applied to a large dataset of depth electrodes (StereoElectroEncephaloGraphy, SEEG) recordings across the human ventral occipito-temporal cortex (VOTC, N individual brains = 77). Frequency-tagging is used for objective identification and quantification of both low- (<30 Hz) and high-frequency (40–160 Hz) face-selective neural activity. For low-frequency responses, similar spatial distributions and time-courses of significant face-selective contacts and of face-selective amplitudes are found across the five reference montages, although the latter two local reference montages enhance face selectivity along the fusiform gyrus until the anterior temporal lobe. However, they also reduce the right hemisphere dominance, a hallmark of face-selective neural activity, and increase the number of significant contacts in the white matter. For high-frequency responses, similar spatial distributions and time-courses of significant face-selective contacts and of face-selective amplitudes are found for all references, except for the scalp reference (SCA), which enhances face selectivity in lateral and medial regions of the anterior VOTC. However, SCA also increases the number of significant contacts in the white matter. Thus, specificities of each electrode montage should be considered before choosing an iEEG reference, according to the research question, the anatomical region, the type of analyses, and the responses frequency range.
The effect of brain tissue anisotropy on the electric field caused by transcranial electric stimulation: Sensitivity analysis and magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Mosayebi-Samani Mohsen , Cunha Teresa , Eroğlu Hasan Hüseyin , Siebner Hartwig Roman , Nitsche Michael A. , Thielscher Axel
Published: January 2025

Calculations of the electric field (E-field) are important for addressing the variability in the physical dose of transcranial electric stimulation (tES). These calculations rely on precise knowledge of the individual head and brain anatomy and on choosing the appropriate ohmic conductivities for the different tissue compartments. In particular, the conductivity of brain white matter and to a lesser extent gray matter is anisotropic. Consensus on the importance to account for the conductivity anisotropy of the brain in the E-field calculations is still lacking. Most simulation studies use isotropic conductivities, which avoids the need for diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data and lowers practical complexity. On the other hand, in magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) that employs measurements of the tiny magnetic fields caused by the tES-induced current flow, diffusion anisotropy measured by DTI has been put forward as a key parameter for the reconstruction of the brain conductivity at the individual level. Here, we conducted a series of three sub-studies to systematically assess the effect of brain anisotropy on the tES-induced E-field in cortical gray matter and to compare in-vivo MREIT data with simulated data from isotropic and anisotropic head models. In sub-study 1, we employed simulations to demonstrate that sparse knowledge of the ohmic tissue conductivities is the main source of uncertainty, while the modeling of brain anisotropy has comparatively small effects on the simulated E-field. In sub-study 2, we compared simulations with in-vivo MREIT data and found that optimizing the conductivities of the modeled tissue compartments enhanced the agreement between simulated and measured data. Modeling brain conductivity as anisotropic had no impact on this optimization process. In sub-study 3, we used simulations to test how the differences in the tES-induced current flow caused by isotropic versus anisotropic brain conductivities affect the results of the “DT-MREIT” algorithm, which enables voxel-wise reconstructions of brain tissue conductivity. The algorithm performed similarly in both cases. On the other hand, the results were worse in a more realistic scenario where the reconstruction was based on simulated MREIT data (rather than simulated current densities). Together, our findings underscore the relevance of an accurate knowledge of the tissue conductivities for calculations of the tES-induced E-field. When cortical gray matter is the target for tES, modeling brain conductivity as anisotropic based on DTI data does not add substantial benefit. While in-vivo MREIT data generally show promise for refining the conductivity estimates of biological tissue at low frequencies, MREIT appears to be only weakly sensitive to the conductivity anisotropy of brain tissue.
Learning in Interactive Decision-Making: The Interplay Between Cognitive Abilities and the Strategic Environment
Authors: Zonca Joshua , Del Mauro Lilia , Rustichini Aldo , Polonio Luca , Reverberi Carlo
Published: January 2025

A remarkable feature of human intelligence is the ability to optimize our decisions based on the potential actions of others. This ability, i.e., strategic sophistication, is crucial in strategic interactions, where we need to predict others’ actions (first-order beliefs), anticipate others’ beliefs about our own possible actions (second-order beliefs), and optimize decisions based on such beliefs. While behavioral research has highlighted systematic departures from theoretically optimal behavior in strategic interactions, little is known about the possibility of enhancing strategic sophistication. In particular, no studies investigated whether and how the interaction between exogenous factors (i.e., the learning environment) and endogenous factors (i.e., individual cognitive abilities) shapes learning in strategic settings. In a novel mouse-tracking study, we manipulate the learning environment and test its interaction with individual cognitive abilities in determining context-specific and transfer of learning in interactive games. Choice and process data reveal that the interplay between individual cognitive abilities and the learning environment does modulate participants’ learning. The learning environment determines what is learned and whether acquired knowledge is applied in similar contexts and transferred to novel settings. Moreover, learning success in different strategic environments depends on individual cognitive abilities. In particular, higher levels of cognitive reflection are necessary to learn sophisticated strategic behavior (i.e., forming second-order beliefs) and transfer acquired knowledge to more complex strategic environments after receiving relevant feedback. However, higher cognitive reflection levels are insufficient to prevent the misapplication of procedures learned in a specific environment to other strategic contexts with substantial structural differences. Our results provide novel insights into the factors that promote or hamper learning in interactive decision-making.
Some Arab and Muslim Names Discernible in Maltese Toponymy
Authors: Cassar Mario
Published: January 2025

This chapter explores the influence of Arabic and Muslim personal names on Maltese toponymy, emphasizing their prevalence and significance in the linguistic and cultural history of the Maltese Islands. Maltese toponyms of Arabic origin exhibit a wealth of anthroponymic and descriptive elements, revealing a deep interconnection between language and geography. Names are categorized based on semantic distinctions, with many derived from Arabic personal names, including secular, religious, and theophoric types. Examples include names referencing physical characteristics, professions, or associations with Islamic religious traditions, such as Jabbār (“powerful”) and ʿAbd Allāh (“servant of Allah”).

The study distinguishes between macro- and microtoponyms, noting that most examples fall within the latter category, and discusses classification methods, including single-word and compound toponyms. Key thematic categories include hydronyms, oronyms, agronyms, and names associated with man-made structures or religious sites. The chapter also addresses linguistic phenomena such as morphological transformations, phonetic adaptations, and folk etymology, which have shaped the evolution of these place names over centuries.

With approximately 170 Arabic-derived names identified, this study provides a comprehensive inventory while acknowledging its limitations and the potential for future research to uncover more examples. By analyzing these toponyms, the chapter highlights the enduring legacy of Arabic language and culture in Maltese history, providing valuable insights into the region’s rich linguistic heritage and the interconnectedness of language, identity, and geography.
The Temporal and Financial Costs of Trauma Activation Wait Times
Authors: Mattison Erik G. , Cucher Daniel J. , Kovacs Melissa S. , Tiffany Brian R. , Hu Charles K.
Published: January 2025

Background

Level 1 Trauma Centers alert hospital staff in advance of a trauma patient’s arrival to allow time for trauma team assembly and preparedness. Excess staff wait times may result in reduced trauma center productivity and efficiency. The objective of this study was to explore the wait time expended by various hospital staff in anticipation of trauma patient arrivals and calculate cost and adequacy of preparation time.

Methods

This prospective observational study recorded a sample of wait times for trauma team staff members at an urban Level 1 Trauma Center for 12 months. We observed 288 trauma activations in total. We constructed a dataset of notification alerts, patient arrival times, staff arrival, and wait times, along with a qualitative staff assessment of time to prepare for the trauma patient’s arrival. We applied detailed salary data to quantify the financial cost of Trauma Center staff wait time.

Results

When staff waited for a trauma patient’s arrival, average wait times ranged from 4.27 to 10.67 minutes. This cost $139 791.65 during calendar year 2023 at our hospital. Staff had enough time to arrive at trauma incidents 99.1% of the time. In 4.2% of cases (n = 12), staff had no advance notification of an incoming trauma patient.

Discussion

We find that a longer duration between the issuance of alerts and the actual arrival of trauma patients represents a direct financial cost attributable to lost productivity in addition to indirect and cascading effects on operational efficiency and patient care.
Rebellion or love? Literature, two humanisms and the exercise of strong evaluation
Authors: Lalonde Marc P
Published: January 2025

According to John Gardner,true art entails the search for and examination of values. Some forms of literature do forward narratives that provoke a response to, and entail an assessment of, different moral values as an essential part of their art. This claim holds true for the novels The Outsider by Albert Camus and Such Is My Beloved by Morely Callaghan. Both are classic modern works of fiction that contribute to a search for values. Marc P. Lalonde’s examination of these values involves an interrelated twofold approach. First, he provides a parallel reading of the exclusive humanism reflected in The Outsider and the integral humanism incorporated into Such Is My Beloved. Second, the moral appraisal of these two humanisms is carried out in relation to what Charles Taylor calls ‘strong evaluation’. Such a moral sensibility makes itself felt in relation to the theme of hope. On the one hand, the absurdist denial of hope in The Outsider seems to pair itself with a moral nihilism. This tends to undermine the exercise of strong evaluation. On the other hand, the religious affirmation of hope in Such Is My Beloved involves a moral altruism. This tends to rely on strong evaluation. Pushing back against this observation, Camus observes that even in relation to nihilism it is possible to transend nihilim. In many ways, this is true of The Outsider. However, in order to actualize this sense of transcendence, the novel alludes to a type of hope that not only resonates with certain aspects of integral humanism, but also ultimately relies on a form of strong evaluation itself.
Examining the Instructional Sensitivity of Constructed-Response Achievement Test Item Scores
Authors: Traynor Anne , Li Cheng-Hsien , Zhou Shuqi
Published: January 2025

Inferences about student learning from large-scale achievement test scores are fundamental in education. For achievement test scores to provide useful information about student learning progress, differences in the content of instruction (i.e., the implemented curriculum) should affect test-takers’ item responses. Existing research has begun to identify patterns in the content of instructionally sensitive multiple-choice achievement test items. To inform future test design decisions, this study identified instructionally (in)sensitive constructed-response achievement items, then characterized features of those items and their corresponding scoring rubrics. First, we used simulation to evaluate an item step difficulty difference index for constructed-response test items, derived from the generalized partial credit model. The statistical performance of the index was adequate, so we then applied it to data from 32 constructed-response eighth-grade science test items. We found that the instructional sensitivity (IS) index values varied appreciably across the category boundaries within an item as well as across items. Content analysis by master science teachers allowed us to identify general features of item score categories that show high, or negligible, IS.
Kinetic estimated glomerular filtration rate and drug dosing in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury—A prospective observational study
Authors: Dinakar Divya , Chandan Garud , Sreedhara Rajanna , Parekh Aashish , Aryamparambil Padmakumar , Sarada Pooja ikPrathapan , KM Ganesh
Published: January 2025

Objective

To study the impact of kinetic glomerular filtration rate (kGFR) on clinical decision making and its implications on drug dosing compared to that of estimated GFR (eGFR) using chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) admitted in a tertiary level intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods

Cross-sectional, prospective, observational study design. All patients admitted to Medical ICU, Fortis Hospital, Bangalore with AKI defined as per AKI network (AKIN) criteria. Patients were recruited after approval from the scientific and institutional ethics committee, with written informed consent. Serum creatinine values at admission and further values were noted. GFR was calculated using both formulas (CKD-EPI and kGFR) and documented at all intervals of creatinine sampling. Drugs requiring renal dose modification along with the dosing were documented. Sample size was calculated after a pilot study and a total of 107 patients were analyzed.

Results

Incidence of AKI was 12.84%. The mean (±SD) eGFR was 37.25 (±29.4) and kGFR was 42.5 (±33.2), ( p-value .003). 70 (65.42%) patients required drug dose change when kGFR was used. Dosing changes from Day 1 to Day 5 are 53/104 (50.9%), 39/81 (48.1%), 12/26 (46.1%), 2/9 (28.5%), 1/2 (50%). Predominant dose changes were for antimicrobials: vancomycin (35.7%), acyclovir (23.1%), and meropenem (23%).

Discussion

Drug dosing using different methods of GFR calculation showed a difference in the dosing in 65.42% of patients with AKI. Accounting for change in creatinine over time using kinetic GFR may lead to better drug dosing in critically ill patients with AKI.

Conclusion

Our study shows that calculating GFR using kGFR formula instead of CKD-EPI may change drug dosages among patients with AKI admitted in ICU. By replacing conventional GFR estimation formulas with kGFR we may reduce the drug dosing inaccuracies that are currently prevalent in this cohort of patients.
Associations Between Psychological Capital, Internalizing and Externalizing Problems, Perceived Stress, Emotional, Social, and Psychological Well-Being in Adolescents
Authors: Yıldırım Murat , Batmaz Hasan , Yıldırım-Kurtuluş Hacer , Kurtuluş Emin
Published: January 2025

This study examined the impact of psychological capital—comprising hope, optimism, resilience, and self-efficacy—on comprehensive mental health, defined by the dual criteria of the absence of psychopathological symptoms and the presence of positive functioning. The participants of the study included 429 (65.5% female) Turkish adolescents, ranging in age from 13 to 18 years ( M = 16.17 ± 0.83), and completed self-report measures of psychological capital, mental health, and well-being. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that hope and optimism showed significant effects on internalizing problems, externalizing problems, perceived stress, emotional well-being, social well-being, and psychological well-being, even after accounting for the influence of age and gender. Additionally, resilience and self-efficacy demonstrated significant effects on psychological well-being. These results suggest the important role of psychological capital in enhancing psychological functioning and provide further evidence of its impact on the mental health and well-being of adolescents.
A ‘postcolonial Bildungsroman’? Exploring identity alienation and technological modernity in J. G. Ballard’s Empire of the Sun
Authors: Huang Meiqi
Published: January 2025

This study examines how J. G. Ballard’s Empire of the Sun diverges from the traditional framework of the ‘postcolonial Bildungsroman’, a category in which it has frequently been placed in previous scholarship. Drawing on critiques of technological modernity, the paper explores Jim’s identity alienation as he transforms from British expatriate to Japanese captive and, ultimately, to a devotee of American power. Central to this analysis is Jim’s fetishization of technological modernity, as mediated through private cars, fighter planes, and atom bombs, which shape his (mis)understanding of survival, agency, and growth. The study concludes with a comparative reading of the novel and Adventures of Sanmao the Orphan, another wartime Shanghai Bildungsroman, to argue that Ballard’s novel compels readers to reconsider not only the personal development of a child in wartime but also the larger forces of modern technology that shape and distort the very notion of ‘growth’ in a (post)colonial world.
Mechanical model of frost heave failure for trapezoidal channel lining plates considering the shear effects of frozen soil layers
Authors: Zhang Wenhai , Yang Jingning , He Pengfei , Zheng Wanpeng , Zhang Fuping
Published: January 2025

This study aims to address the frost heave failure in concrete-lined channels in cold regions by considering the shear effects of frozen soil layers. Based on the two-parameter elastic foundation plate theory, this paper constructs a frost heave mechanics model for lining plates, incorporating non-uniform normal frost heave forces and tangential freezing forces. Analytical solutions for the deformation and internal forces of the lining plates are obtained, and the model’s accuracy is verified through comparisons with field experiments and existing literature. The results demonstrate that the deflection, internal forces, and stresses of the bottom plate exhibit a uniform distribution. Conversely, the deflection, bending moments, and shear forces of the slope plates, under the action of non-uniform normal frost heave and tangential freezing forces, show a non-uniform distribution. The deflection and internal forces of the lining plates exhibit a non-uniform distribution along the flow direction. Specifically, deflection and bending moments increase at the free boundary, while torque is primarily concentrated at the corners of the lining plates. The peak frost heave displacement decreases by 50% when the groundwater level drops from 1 to 2 m. When the shear modulus of the frozen soil foundatioon increases from 0 to 0.5 MPa, the peak deflection decreases by 14%. These findings provide a theoretical basis for addressing frost heave issues in trapezoidal concrete-lined channels.
The Role of National Culture: An Updated Framework for Cross-Cultural Research in Operations Management
Authors: Gupta Manjul , Gupta Sushil
Published: January 2025

There is a universal consensus regarding the role of national culture in influencing operations management (OM) practices, yet its impact remains largely underexplored. This paper builds on the cross-cultural OM research framework that consists of three categories: operational decisions, supply chain management, and interdisciplinary topics. It highlights how national culture influences key operations and supply chain areas pertaining to product return policies, dynamic operations complexity, and buyer-supplier conflict management in cross-cultural relationships. This study further highlights national culture's role in determining post-acquisition performance in cross-border mergers and acquisitions, pre-release (digital) piracy, and the relationship between language and operational performance in supply chains. The paper further addresses emerging challenges in the field by introducing new research themes. It concludes with recommendations for future research, offering valuable guidance for scholars and practitioners navigating the complexities of managing culturally diverse and globally interconnected operations.
Diversity, Equity and Inclusion and Operations Management: Critical Linkages and Research Opportunities
Authors: Corbett Charles J , Narayanan Sriram , Aloysius John , Berenguer Gemma , Bish Ebru K , Bjarnadóttir Margrét V , Gao Guodong (Gordon) , Glover Wiljeana J , Johnson Michael P , Kalkanci Başak , Li Jun , Martonosi Susan E , Mejia Jorge , Mishra Anant , Natarajan Karthik V , Parker Chris , Sodhi ManMohan S , Tang Wenjie , Wowak Kaitlin D , Zobel Christopher W
Published: January 2025

How we manage operations—the domain of Operations Management (OM)—has important implications for the practice of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in organizations. Conversely, DEI goals have important implications for organizations’ OM practices. We outline the two-way links between DEI and OM to offer future research opportunities. In particular, we examine interactions between OM and DEI across four broad themes: (1) Workforce, (2) Supply Chains, (3) Health and Society, and (4) Technology, Platforms, and Innovation. We conclude with a discussion of DEI in OM as it relates to research and teaching. This article is a collaborative effort with the Senior Editors involved in the special issue of Production and Operations Management on “DEI in Operations and Supply Chain Management.”
EXPRESS: Last-Mile Attended Home Healthcare Delivery: A Robust Strategy to Mitigate Cascading Delays and Ensure Punctual Services
Authors: Liu Mingda , Zhao Yanlu , Xie Xiaolei
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The attended home healthcare (AHH) industry is experiencing rapid growth due to the rising demand from an aging population and the potential benefits of alleviating pressures on traditional healthcare resources. However, ensuring timely one-on-one AHH services for homebound patients remains a challenge because of cascading delays arising from uncertainties in travel and service times. To address this issue in last-mile homecare delivery, we develop a systematic cascading delay mitigation strategy to ensure patients receive dependable homecare services. Specifically, we introduce a compound set reliability index (CSRI) that captures risk exposure by separately characterizing distinct travel and service time uncertainties, instead of approaching them as a single type of uncertainty in previous studies. The CSRI-based service-level constraints are then integrated into a set-partitioning formulation to mitigate the cascading delays. We devise an exact branch-price-and-cut framework and employ a variable neighborhood search metaheuristic to achieve fast-effective solutions. Numerical experiments with benchmark and real-world datasets validate the effectiveness of our methods, underscore the benefits of adopting a systematic cascading delay mitigation strategy, and provide insights to AHH service providers regarding the impact of crucial managerial parameters on delay manifestation. The CSRI constraints and dedicated solution methods can effectively support practical decision-making and enhance the punctuality of AHH services, leading to better service dependability and heightened stakeholder satisfaction.
Born to Wait? A Study on Allocation Rules in Booking Systems
Authors: Huang Lingbo , Liu Tracy Xiao , Zhang Jun
Published: January 2025

Queue-based rules for allocating scarce goods are widely utilized in booking systems due to their perceived efficiency. However, empirical investigations into the externalities and opportunity costs of queuing in multitasking scenarios are limited. This paper reports on two laboratory experiments that compare a queue-based rule with a lottery-based rule by quantifying their respective efficiency losses. Our findings indicate that while the queue-based rule demonstrates superior allocative efficiency, it incurs significant losses in productive efficiency attributed to opportunity costs of time. In contrast, the lottery-based rule exhibits improved overall efficiency with minimal time spent on the booking system. Additionally, under the queue-based rule, participants display bimodal behavior, either engaging fully or abstaining from the booking system, influenced by their time valuations. Furthermore, while providing queue length information facilitates more efficient coordination, it also leads to more frequent task-switching behavior that negates any productive efficiency gained from improved coordination. This research underscores the crucial need to reevaluate allocation mechanisms in booking systems, taking into account their externalities.
On the Design of a Shared Waiting Room
Authors: Li Yanting , Roet-Green Ricky
Published: January 2025

We investigate the design of a waiting area of a service system where different types of customers seek different services, provided by designated servers. We examine two waiting room designs: The designated waiting room, where each server has its own designated waiting area, and the shared waiting room, where all customers are waiting together. In the designated waiting room design, customers observe the number of customers waiting for each service, whereas in the shared waiting room, customers cannot distinguish which service the other customers are waiting for, but can still observe the total number of customers in the waiting room and make a joining/balking decision accordingly. Assuming two types of customers that have similar characteristics seeking service from two different servers, we show that all customers adopt an identical pure equilibrium threshold. We find the shared waiting room design achieves higher throughput than the designated waiting room design when the congestion rate is low. However, the designated waiting room is always preferable in terms of social welfare. Furthermore, we extend our analysis to the asymmetric case, where types differ from each other in terms of arrival rate, service reward, per unit-time waiting cost, and service duration. Finding the equilibrium strategies in these cases is more challenging and requires an iterative process. We show that mixed equilibrium thresholds can emerge, and that the designated waiting room does not always improve system performance, even when considering social welfare.
Computational analysis and optimization of foam-filled honeycomb core sandwich structure under air blast loading
Authors: Sahoo Satya Sundar , Swain Abinash Kumar , Sawant Vishwas A
Published: January 2025

Developing a sandwich structure with a lightweight and high energy absorption capacity is crucial to mitigating shock waves when subjected to blast loading. In this present study, a novel double-core hexagonal sandwich structure filled with aluminum (Al) foam is used to investigate the structural response under blast loading subjected to 1 to 3 kg of charge of TNT kept at a stand-off distance (SoD) of 100 mm. The investigation and its assessment are mainly focused on the deflection of the face sheets and the energy absorption capacity of the panel. The Johnson-Cook plasticity model and crushable foam hardening are used in stainless steel and Al foam, respectively, to examine the performance under blast loading. The conventional weapons effect programme (ConWep) method is employed for numerical modeling and blast load analysis. Subsequently, a comparison is made between the blast resistance of the double-core sandwich structure and that of the experimental results of the single-core sandwich structure obtained from previous literature. Further, to improve the performance of the developed double-core sandwich structure, an optimization study is conducted using the genetic algorithm (GA) and the non-dominated sorted genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) to explore single- and multi-objective problems, respectively. The results showed that for the single-objective optimization, the maximum back facesheet deflection is reduced by 13.35% at constant mass compared to the initial design, while for the multi-objective optimization, five optimal design values are obtained from the Pareto front and can be seen as a potential replacement for single-core panels. The novel structure developed in this study will be used in defense, automotive, and aerospace applications.
Adolescent health behavior profiles and associations with mental health in a longitudinal study
Authors: Kidwell Katherine M , Brock Rebecca L , Tomaso Cara , Phillips Eric , James Tiffany D , Yaroch Amy Lazarus , Hill Jennie L , Nelson Jennifer Mize , Huang Terry T-K , Mason W Alex , Espy Kimberly Andrews , Nelson Timothy D
Published: January 2025

To characterize adolescent health behavior profiles and associations with mental health, mixture models using data from two assessment points ( N = 201; Female = 53.7%, Time 1 m-age = 15.4 years; Time 2 m-age = 16.3 years) identified three distinct health behavior patterns. Profile 1 (27.9% of sample) had overall healthy behaviors (e.g. diet, physical activity, sleep), except nearly half tried e-cigarettes. Profile 2 (51.9%) had above average physical activity, minimal substance use, but diets high in sugar and below average sleep. The smallest, most concerning group (20.2%, Profile 3), had high caffeine and sugar consumption, low fruit/vegetable intake, below-average sleep duration, were physically inactive, and had the most substance use. Profile 3 adolescents had greater parent psychopathology and co-occurring and future mental health symptoms ( p < 0.001). The findings provide important insights into the interrelated nature of adolescent health behaviors and their connection to mental health. Identifying high-risk groups allows for tailored, efficient intervention efforts.
Design and construction of cell engineering curriculum quality evaluation system for portfolio assessment
Authors: Yu Xianghua , Shao Jinhua , Zhang Yong , Liao Yang , Li Huizhi
Published: January 2025

Constructing a multi-dimensional education and teaching quality evaluation system is the key content of China’s higher education reform. In order to establish a quality evaluation system suitable for the portfolio assessment, we take the construction of “new engineering” and the certification goal of engineering education as the guiding ideology, taking the VALUE rubrics as the reference system and taking the cell engineering course as the object. The course assessment and evaluation structure and course assessment standards are reconstructed and refined, and a complete cell engineering course quality evaluation system suitable for portfolio assessment was constructed. The establishment of this course quality evaluation system can provide reference for the construction of other professional course quality evaluation systems of the same nature in colleges and universities.
Helping Teens Move + Thrive: Adolescents’ Preferences for Online Exercise Videos
Authors: Kaja Sarah M. , Miller Kathleen K. , Adler Samantha J. , Hooper Laura
Published: January 2025

Online exercise videos can reach adolescents who lack access to in-person physical activity (PA). Yet, health professionals are wary of recommending online exercise resources because most free videos fail to represent diverse teens and perpetuate harmful norms. Our study had two purposes. First, we examined adolescents’ perceptions of standard online exercise videos. Second, we sought their responses to Move + Thrive, a novel, free, online exercise video library designed to meet developmental needs of adolescents, be inclusive, and promote exercise behavior. We created Move + Thrive videos guided by self-determination and self-efficacy theories. In this qualitative study, we held focus groups with 28 adolescents (mean age = 16.4 ± 2.1 years) after they used two Move + Thrive videos. We asked participants what they enjoyed and what they would change about fitness videos in general and Move + Thrive videos. We had focus groups professionally transcribed, then used general content analysis to consolidate qualitative data into five themes: (a) online exercise videos should foster connection and motivation, (b) teen-specific considerations, (c) diversity, equity, and inclusion, (d) polarized views on yoga, and (e) desire for professional video elements. Adolescents appreciated Move + Thrive’s emphases on supporting competence, autonomy, relatedness, and building self-efficacy and our focus on featuring instructors diverse in race and ethnicity, gender, and body shape and size. Based on adolescents’ feedback, Move + Thrive is meeting adolescents’ needs and addressing shortcomings of online exercise videos. Online exercise content and related research should incorporate adolescents’ insights, perspectives, and developmental stages.
Learning About Classroom Accessibility From a Student–Instructor Partnership
Authors: Walter Cassidy , Visconti Virginia
Published: January 2025

In this commentary, we, a recent Master of Public Health (MPH) graduate with hearing loss and a course instructor, share what we learned about classroom accessibility while participating in a semester-long qualitative research methods course offered during the COVID-19 pandemic. We complement our reflections on working together with findings from a student field project focused on the lived classroom experiences of graduate students with hearing loss. The field project revealed that students adapted to increased communication challenges in their learning environments without requesting official accommodations due to stigma and a desire to limit their burden on others. We then conclude with implications for partnerships and collective action to address abelism and inequitable learning environments, specifically the value of student–instructor partnerships, the incorporation of universal design for learning principles, the importance of collaboration across different campus departments, and the need for higher education institutions to adopt a cultural model of disability that will create meaningful access in learning environments.
Current utility, instruments, and future directions for intra-renal pressure management during ureteroscopy: scoping review by global research in intra-renal pressure collaborative group initiative
Authors: Yuen Steffi Kar Kei , Zhong Wen , Chan Yun Sang , Castellani Daniele , Bhojani Naeem , Agarwal Madhu Sudan , Tokas Theodoros , Croghan Stefanie , Jung Helene , Herrmann Thomas , Somani Bhaskar , Gauhar Vineet ,   The Global Research on Intra-renal Pressure Collaborative Group
Published: January 2025

Background:

Technical advancements and intrarenal pressure are synergistic in improving perioperative outcomes during flexible ureteroscopy (FURS). Mismanaged intra-renal pressure (IRP) has negative consequences and it is associated with an increased risk of sepsis, bleeding, pelvicalyceal fluid extravasation, and even collecting system injuries and acute as well as chronic renal failure. The cornerstone of a safe FURS is the ability to continuously monitor IRP to avoid elevation of IRP above the normal range of 10 mmHg.

Objectives:

This scoping review aims to report the current state of real-time IRP monitoring in in vivo clinical studies and the various monitoring methods and technology to understand how this may be best used in daily clinical practice.

Eligibility criteria:

A systematic literature search was conducted. Only in vivo clinical studies published in English documenting IRP measurement methodologies during semirigid or flexible ureteroscopy for urolithiasis management were included.

Results:

Out of 1326 retrieved papers, 17 studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 2 randomized controlled trials, 2 retrospective studies, and 13 observational studies. Current noninvasive IRP monitoring devices include ureteric catheters placed retrogradely or via percutaneous tubing and connected to pressure transducers, amplified by cardiology-used pressure sensing systems or urodynamic systems, automated pressure-regulating systems, pressure sensing guidewires, and IRP sensing flexible ureteroscopes. The review revealed significant variations in IRP measurement methods, reporting units, and irrigation techniques. Notably, elevated IRP above 30 mmHg was consistently associated with increased postoperative complications, including sepsis.

Conclusion:

Current clinical studies have only ascertained that increased IRP above 40 mmHg positively correlates with infectious complications and postoperative pain. No standardized values are available to predefine safe thresholds in practice. With the availability of noninvasive tools for IRP monitoring, future research should focus on multicenter studies to establish reference ranges and best practices for IRP management, ultimately improving patient outcomes in endourological procedures.
Anticandidal Nanocomposites from Purslane Seed Mucilage Mediated Nanosilver and Nanochitosan
Authors: Tayel Ahmed A. , Aborabu Ahlam A. S. , Assas Mona , Ghobashy Madeha O. I. , Zayed Mohamed M. , Omar Amira A.
Published: January 2025

Background: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials are promising approaches for controlling microbial infections. The bio-based nanocomposites provided elevated potentiality against resistant microbes. Method: Nanocomposites comprised purslane “ Portulaceae oleracea L.” seed mucilage (PSM), PSM-mediated silver nanoparticles (PSM/AgNPs) and nanochitosan (NCt) were constructed using ecofriendly and facile protocol, to be assessed as anticandidal nanostructures against Candida albicans. Different NCt: PSM/AgNPs nanocomposites were constructed and characterized with FTIR, electron microscopies and UV spectroscopy. The anticandidal evaluations applied qualitative and quantitative assays, followed by scanning microscopy imaging of treated cells. Results: Effectual generation of PSM/AgNPs was achieved with mean diameter of 11.9 nm and negative charge (−26.12 mV), whereas the NCt average diameter was 232.1 nm and carried positive (+34.65 mV) charges. After different nanocompositing ratio of NCt: PSM/AgNPs (eg 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2), these nanocomposites had mean particles’ diameters of 234.5, 173.9 and 293.7; and their surfaces charges were +30.63, +24.13 and −11.72 mV, respectively. The assessing of nanocomposites anticandidal activity revealed that NCt: PSM/AgNPs (1:1) had the strongest actions toward C. albicans strains, which surpassed the action of fluconazole. The images of scanning microscopy for treated C. albicans with NCt/PSM/AgNPs revealed remarkable distortions/deformation of treated cells within 6 h, the ultimate lyses in cells was evidential within 12 of exposure. Conclusions: The NCt/PSM/AgNPs nanocomposites provided influential effectual natural anticandidal formulations for competing the C. albicans pathogenic yeast.
Teaching Creative Thinking in the ELT Context: Beliefs and Practices
Authors: Sun Yin , Chen Zehang , Li Li
Published: January 2025

This study investigates English teachers’ beliefs and classroom practices regarding the teaching of creative thinking (CT) and explores the factors that hinder these practices. A mixed methods approach is adopted, drawing data from 63 middle school English teachers in China through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and classroom observation. The participants, with teaching experience ranging from three to 40 years, are recruited voluntarily from a teacher training program. Results indicate that the teachers overall assign importance to CT cultivation and creative pedagogy, and take steps to foster CT in English lessons. However, the participants are found to have an insufficient and biased understanding of CT and creative students. Additionally, instructional practices that hinder students’ CT development are also observed. This may be attributed to the teachers’ inadequate knowledge of CT and its cultivation, separated and conflicting beliefs about teaching English and CT, and a lack of support from the teaching community. This paper offers insights for English teachers, teacher educators, educational policymakers, and researchers interested in integrating CT cultivation into English education.
“How Safe is Financial Safety Net?” Level and Form of Parental Financial Support and Its Role in Need-Supportive and Need-Thwarting Parenting and Well-Being of Emerging Adults
Authors: Vosylis Rimantas , Branje Susan , Raižienė Saulė
Published: January 2025

Many parents continue to provide financial assistance to their emerging adult children, which has particular links with emerging adults’ well-being. The current study examined how form and level of parental financial support shape need-supportive and -thwarting parenting and well-being of emerging adults. Participants in this short-term longitudinal study were 600 Lithuanian emerging adults (Mage = 24.94, SDage = 3.03, range 19–29 years; 52.3% females), recruited from online survey panel using the controlled quota sampling strategy. The latent profile analysis identified four profiles characterizing dependence on parental financial support: entirely dependent, mostly dependent, dependent on direct support, and financially self-sufficient. Reliance on both employment income and parental support was linked to unfavorable parenting and poorer well-being, while reliance only on direct support was linked to more favorable parenting and well-being. The findings demonstrate the importance of differentiating between forms of parental financial support.