bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis restricts coronavirus infection via the regulation of LY6E
Authors: Ma Yanlong , Feng Fei , Feng Hui , Ma Xue , Wang Ziqiao , Han Yutong , Zhu Yunkai , Wang Yuyan , Gao Zhichao , Zhang Yuyuan , Zhao Jincun , Zhang Rong
Published: February 2025

Coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, rely on host factors for their replication and pathogenesis, while hosts deploy defense mechanisms to counteract viral infections. Although numerous host proviral factors have been identified, the landscape of host restriction factors and their underlying mechanisms remain less explored. Here, we conducted genome-wide CRISPR knockout screens using three distinct coronaviruses—SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-OC43 (a common cold human virus from the genusBetacoronavirus) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (Alphacoronavirus) to identify conserved host restriction factors. We identified glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis as the pan-coronavirus host factor that restrict viral entry by disrupting spike protein-mediated membrane fusion at both endosomal and plasma membranes. GPI biosynthesis generates GPI moieties that covalently anchor proteins (GPI-anchored proteins [GPI-APs]) to the cell membrane, playing essential roles in various cellular processes. Through focused CRISPR knockout screens targeting 193 GPI-APs, we identified LY6E as the key downstream effector mediating the antiviral activity of the GPI biosynthesis pathway. These findings reveal a novel role for GPI biosynthesis as a conserved host defense mechanism against coronaviruses and highlight LY6E as a critical antiviral effector. This study provides new insights into virus-host interactions and the development of host-directed antiviral therapies.
Functional connectivity of thalamic nuclei during sensorimotor task-based fMRI at 9.4 Tesla
Authors: Charyasz Edyta , Erb Michael , Bause Jonas , Heule Rahel , Bender Benjamin , Kumar Vinod Jungir , Grodd Wolfgang , Scheffler Klaus
Published: February 2025

The thalamus is the brain’s central communication hub, playing a key role in processing and relaying sensorimotor and cognitive information between the cerebral cortex and other brain regions. It consists of specific and non-specific nuclei, each with a different role. Specific thalamic nuclei relay sensory and motor information to specific cortical and subcortical regions to ensure precise communication. In contrast, non-specific thalamic nuclei are involved in general functions such as attention or consciousness through broader and less targeted connections. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the functional connectivity patterns of the thalamic nuclei identified in our previous study as being involved in motor (finger-tapping) and sensory (finger-touch) tasks. The results of this study show that thalamic nuclei are not static hubs with a predefined role in neural signal processing, as they show different task-specific functional connectivity patterns in the anterior, middle, lateral, and posterior thalamic nuclei. Instead, they are all functional hubs that can flexibly change their connections to other brain regions in response to task demands. This work has important implications for understanding task-dependent functional connectivity between thalamic nuclei and different brain regions using task-based fMRI at 9.4 Tesla.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LEAVES AND STEM OFBryohyllum Pinnatum(MIRACLE LEAF) IN SOKOTO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Dantani Maryam , Rabe Amina Musa , Dantani Abdulmalik
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity ofBryophyllum pinnatumleaves and stems against selected bacterial isolates from Sokoto State, Nigeria. Aqueous and ethanol solvents were used to extract bioactive compounds, and the extracts were tested at concentrations of 200, 140, and 60 mg/ml againstStaphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, andMicrococcus spp. The results revealed no inhibitory effects from theBryophyllum pinnatumextracts on the tested bacterial strains, irrespective of solvent type or concentration. In contrast, the standard antibiotic Tetracycline exhibited significant antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones of 20 mm, 16 mm, and 9 mm forStaphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus spp., andPseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively.

These findings suggest thatBryophyllum pinnatumextracts, under the tested conditions, lack antibacterial activity against the evaluated bacterial isolates. However, this does not exclude the plant’s potential for other therapeutic applications. Future studies should investigate alternative extraction methods, diverse solvent systems, and a broader range of bacterial strains to comprehensively evaluate the bioactivity ofBryophyllum pinnatum.
GsMTx-4 Reduces Mechanosensitivity in a Model of Schwannomatosis-related Pain
Authors: Gutierrez Carson , Rubright Randy , Ostrow Kimberly Laskie
Published: February 2025

Patients with schwannomatosis (SWN) develop multiple tumors along major peripheral nerves, with most experiencing significant pain, though each patient’s symptoms are unique. Neuropathic, nociceptive, and inflammatory pain types have been reported, but many patients describe severe pain when a schwannoma is palpated or even lightly touched. Currently, the only effective treatment for pain relief is surgical removal. We are investigating the root causes of tumor-induced pain. In some cases, tumor growth increases pressure on nearby nerves, resulting in pain. Additionally, schwannoma cells in culture secrete proinflammatory cytokines into the surrounding medium. This conditioned medium (CM) sensitizes sensory neurons to painful stimuli both in vitro and in vivo. When injected into the glabrous skin of a mouse hindpaw, CM from painful schwannomas increases neuron sensitivity to light touch, as demonstrated by a fourfold reduction in paw withdrawal threshold (measured using the Von Frey assay) one hour post-injection (p = 0.006), with effects persisting for 24 hours (p = 0.002).We hypothesize that this increase in sensitivity is linked to mechanosensitive ion channels (MSCs), which detect pressure and stretch. These channels can be blocked by the peptide GsMTx-4. This peptide penetrates deeper into cell membranes under mechanical pressure to block MSCs from opening without affecting other ion channels. When co-injected with CM into the mouse hindpaw, 10 µM GsMTx-4 prevents heightened sensitivity to light touch. Moreover, GsMTx-4 can reverse hyperalgesia, restoring withdrawal thresholds to baseline levels. Thus, local injection of GsMTx-4 near painful tumors presents a promising, minimally invasive therapeutic approach for SWN patients.

Significance

Pain is a confounding comorbidity in the multiple tumor syndrome schwannomatosis. Patients harbor benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors that rarely become malignant or cause neurological deficits. Yet, patients undergo numerous surgeries for the removal of painful tumors. A non-invasive treatment for tumor-related pain is in dire need. We are examining the small peptide GsMTx-4, a blocker of mechanosensitive ion channels, as a potential therapy for painful tumors in the context of schwannomatosis.
Viral infection impacts volatile organic compound production in the coccolithophoreGephyrocapsa huxleyi
Authors: Buchholz Holger H. , Mojica Kristina D.A. , Comstock Jacqueline , Collart Lindsay , Giovannoni Stephen J. , Halsey Kimberly H.
Published: February 2025

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are a diverse collection of molecules critical to cell metabolism, food web interactions, and atmospheric chemistry. The eukaryotic coccolithophoreGephyrocapsa huxleyi, an abundant coastal eukaryotic phytoplankter, forms massive blooms in coastal upwelling regions, which are often terminated by viruses (EhVs).G. huxleyiproduces organosulfur VOCs such as dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and halogenated metabolites that play key roles in atmospheric chemistry. Here we resolved the role of lytic viral infection by EhV207 on VOC production of the model strainG. huxleyiCCMP374. Our analysis identified 79 VOCs significantly impacted by viral infection, particularly during cell lysis, with sulfur containing VOCs like DMS dominating the profiles. Viral lysis results in a nearly six-fold increase in VOC production and generated a previously unrecognized range of VOCs, including 15 sulfur, 22 nitrogen, 2 phosphorus, 19 oxygen and 17 halogen-containing compounds. These findings reveal that viral infection ofG. huxleyireleases VOCs which are much more diverse than previously recognized. We further show that EhV207 primarily accelerates existing metabolic processes inG. huxleyiand facilitates the release of pre-existing intracellular VOCs rather than inducing novel biochemical pathways. This wide range of VOCs may be produced on a massive scale during coccolithophore bloom-and-bust cycles, with important impacts on coastal biogeochemistry and surface ocean/atmosphere interactions.
Aseptic, semi-sealed cranial chamber implants for chronic multi-channel neurochemical and electrophysiological neural recording in nonhuman primates
Authors: Choi Jiwon , Amjad Usamma , Murray Raymond , Shrivastav Ritesh , Teichert Tobias , Goodell Baldwin , Schaeffer David J. , Oluoch Julia K. , Schwerdt Helen N.
Published: February 2025

We developed an implantable neural interface for monitoring both chemical and electrical forms of brain activity in monkeys that maintains aseptic properties for year-long periods while leveraging the modular functions (e.g., sensor moveability) provided by a chamber system. Invasive electrophysiological recordings, especially in subcortical structures from nonhuman primates usually involves implanting electrodes into the brain through a skull-mounted chamber. These electrodes may be attached temporarily for several hours of recording, or permanently. Permanent attachments are favorable to allow for sealing the chamber completely from externally originating pathogenic species that can infiltrate and compromise the health of the animal. A sealed chamber also reduces the need for frequent chamber cleaning required to minimize the accumulation of pathogenic organisms. However, neurochemical measurements require specialized electrodes with extremely fragile carbon fiber tips and are not compatible with recently developed sealed chamber systems. Here, we leveraged osseointegrating materials and hermetic sealing strategies to enable both neurochemical and electrical neural activity measurements from a sealed chamber with an aspirating port for culturing chamber fluid to ensure an aseptic environment. The system was shown to provide successful recordings of neural activity in two monkeys while maintaining negative bacteria culture results for over a year post-implant.
Temporal dose inversion properties of adaptive biomolecular circuits
Authors: Nakamura Eiji , Blanchini Franco , Giordano Giulia , Hoffmann Alexander , Franco Elisa
Published: February 2025

Cells have the capacity to encode and decode information in the temporal features of molecular signals. Many pathways, for example, generate either sustained or pulsatile responses depending on the context, and such diverse temporal behaviors have a profound impact on cell fate. Here we focus on how molecular pathways can convert the temporal features of dynamic signals, in particular how they can convert transient signals into persistent downstream events and vice versa. We describe this type of behavior as temporal dose inversion, and we demonstrate that it can be achieved through adaptive molecular circuits. We consider motifs known as incoherent feedforward loop (IFFL) and negative feedback loop (NFL), and identify parametric conditions that enable temporal dose inversion. We next consider more complex versions of these circuits that could be realized using enzymatic signaling and gene regulatory networks, finding that both circuits can exhibit temporal dose inversion. Finally, we consider a generalized IFFL topology, and we find that both the time delay in the inhibition pathway and the relative signal intensities of the activation and inhibition signals are key determinants for temporal dose inversion. Our investigation expands the potential use of adaptive circuits as signal processing units and contributes to our understanding of the role of adaptive circuits in nature.
Proximity determines donor candidacy during DNA double-stranded break homology directed repair
Authors: Yeh Charles D , van de Venn Lilly , Kreutzer Susanne , Zheng Xinhe , Cantos Naomi C. , Schröder Markus , Hofmann Robin , Gerbaldo Felix E. , Clemens Alexandra , Wienert Beeke , Richardson Christopher D. , Kontarakis Zacharias , Corn Jacob E.
Published: February 2025

DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) are especially toxic events that can be reversed by homology-directed repair (HDR), wherein information is copied from an intact template molecule. RAD51 mediates initial DSB/template pairing during homology search. A major challenge in understanding homology search in cells is the lack of tools to monitor this process. We developedRAD51proximityidentificationsequencing (RaPID-seq), a sensitive method that marks all candidate templates searched by RAD51. We find that HDR is hierarchical, such that DSB proximity determines template candidacy and subsequent recombination is unlocked by DSB/template homology. Sequences that lie outside the proximal window are not efficiently searched, even if identical in sequence. Our data reveal the invisible process of homology search and shed new light on fundamental mechanisms underlying genome editing.
Stable Actin As Synaptic Tag
Authors: Thomas Mitha , Bogaciu Cristian-Alexandru , Rizzoli Silvio O. , Fauth Michael
Published: February 2025

According to the tagging and capture hypothesis, long-lasting long-term potentiation (LTP) requires protein synthesis and a synaptic tag, which is a synapse specific memory of the synapse with a so far unclear molecular or biophysical identity. Here we use an interdisciplinary approach to explore the hypothesis that interaction between the dynamics of actin and the spine geometry can provide such a memory. Using a mathematical model, we demonstrate that this implementation of the tag requires an increase in the stable, cross-linked pool of actin filaments, and is not possible without this stable pool. Using FRAP experiments, we show that such an increase in stable actin can indeed be observed after cLTP in vitro. Thus, the interaction between actin dynamics and spine geometry could indeed serve as a synaptic tag for LTP.
Exonuclease ISG20 inhibits human cytomegalovirus replication by inducing an innate immune defense signature
Authors: Hehl Matthias , Scherer Myriam , Raubuch Eva-Maria , Ploil Claudia , Rummel Teresa , Kirchner Philipp , Kottmann Nina , Reichel Anna , Kuderna Anna Katharina , König Anne-Charlotte , Friedel Caroline C. , Erhard Florian , Stamminger Thomas
Published: February 2025

ISG20 is an interferon-regulated protein that exhibits RNase activity thereby inhibiting the replication of a broad spectrum of RNA viruses. By single cell RNA sequencing, we identified ISG20 as an antiviral factor for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) as it was upregulated in a population of HCMV-resistant cells. In accordance with an antiviral role on herpesviruses, overexpression of ISG20 in primary human fibroblasts led to reduced HCMV and HSV-1 replication, while knockdown of ISG20 enhanced virus growth. In Western blot kinetics, we observed that inhibition of HCMV replication by ISG20 occurs at the early stage of infection which correlated with reduced amounts of viral early and late transcripts. However, neither the half-life of viral and cellular RNAs nor of viral DNA was decreased in ISG20-expressing cells, indicating that ISG20 does not exert its antiviral effect via a degradation of RNAs or DNA. Instead, RNA-seq analysis revealed an innate immune defense signature upon ISG20 expression that comprised the upregulation of a distinct set of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs), zinc finger proteins (ZNFs) and of transposable elements (TEs). Our data indicate that this gene signature augments both IFN production and response of the host cell. Consistently, the JAK-STAT inhibitor ruxolitinib rescued HCMV gene expression in ISG20-expressing cells. We conclude that ISG20 induces a so far unprecedented immune defense signature that serves to amplify the IFN-mediated host cell defense thus explaining its broad antiviral activity.
Loss of Cathepsin K impairs collagen biogenesis and enhances actin polymerization in trabecular meshwork
Authors: Soundararajan Avinash , Jaysankar Krishna , Doud Emma , Pasteurin Rodahina Philihina , Surma Michelle , Pattabiraman Padmanabhan P
Published: February 2025

Trabecular meshwork (TM) dysfunction and extracellular matrix (ECM) dysregulation contribute to increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Earlier, we provide a proof-of-concept study identifying the regulation and the role of Cathepsin K (CTSK), a potent collagenase, in ECM homeostasis, actin bundling, and IOP regulation. Better understanding of the loss of CTSK function in TM remains unclear. Using siRNA-mediated knockdown of CTSK (siCTSK) in human TM cells, this study investigated the role of CTSK in actin and ECM homeostasis using an unbiased proteomics approach. Loss of CTSK significantly disrupted collagen biogenesis and ECM homeostasis. CTSK depletion also increased intracellular calcium levels, with proteomics data suggesting possible involvement of calcium-regulatory proteins. Additionally, PRKD1 activation enhanced actin polymerization through the LIMK1/SSH1/cofilin pathway, promoting focal adhesion maturation. Despite increased apoptotic markers (CASP3, CASP7, TRADD, PPM1F), caspase 3/7 activation was not induced, suggesting apoptosis-independent cellular remodeling. Notably, RhoQ and myosin motor proteins were significantly downregulated, indicating altered mechanotransduction in TM cells. These findings highlight the role of CTSK in maintaining ECM homeostasis, calcium signaling, and cytoskeletal regulation in TM. Its depletion induces actin polymerization, which may influence aqueous humor outflow. Targeting CTSK-related pathways may provide novel therapeutic strategies for regulating IOP and preventing glaucoma progression.
Enhancing Reproducibility Through Bioimage Analysis: The Significance of Effect Sizes and Controls
Authors: Barry David J. , Marcotti Stefania , Gerontogianni Lina , Kelly Gavin
Published: February 2025

Bioimage analysis is a powerful tool for investigating complex biological processes, but its robustness depends on both technical precision and rigorous experimental design. In particular, the use of appropriate controls is critical for drawing meaningful biological conclusions. However, controls are often inadequately applied or overlooked in favour of achieving statistical significance, frequently obtained through the misuse or misinterpretation of statistical tests. In this study, we reanalyse a publicly available image dataset to highlight the crucial role of controls in interpreting experimental outcomes. Our findings underscore the importance of focusing on effect sizes and biological relevance over arbitrary statistical thresholds. We also discuss the diminishing returns of increased data collection once statistical stability has been achieved, advocating for more efficient experimental designs. By refining control usage and emphasising effect sizes, this work aims to enhance the reproducibility and robustness of research findings. We provide open-access code to allow researchers to engage with the dataset, promoting better practices in experimental design and data interpretation.
Polycomb group proteins protect latent Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus from episome clearance and HUSH-dependent chromatin silencing
Authors: Weissmann Simon , Robitaille Alexis , Günther Thomas , Ziegler Marion , Grundhoff Adam
Published: February 2025

Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causative agent of a number of human neoplasms. KSHV causes lifelong chronic infections by establishing persistent reservoirs of latently infected cells in which the viral double-stranded DNA genome is present in the form of an extrachromosomal episome. Polycomb group protein (PcG) mediated gene repression is detected early after entry of the CpG-rich and epigenetically naïve viral DNA into the host nucleus. Here we show that the establishment and maintenance of KSHV latency is strongly influenced by Polycomb Repressive Complexes 1 and 2 (PRC1, and PRC2, respectively). Using a series of genetic deletion models, we dissect the functional interdependence of PRC1 and PRC2 on KSHV and identify KSHV episomes as a prime target for independent as well as collaborativede novoPRC recruitment. Loss of PRC function leads to a severely altered chromatin state on KSHV and we show that PRC mediated gene repression is not only preventing transcription of viral genomes but also protects KSHV episomes from detection by the human silencing hub (HUSH). Furthermore, we demonstrate that PRC complexes play an important role in ensuring episomal maintenance in dividing cells. Taken together, our results show that absence of PRC complexes creates a metastable state of KSHV latency and suggest early chromatinization as an integral step for KSHV latency establishment.
Current and future relevance of marine spatial planning for the distribution of epibenthic invertebrate and fish species in a heavily used regional sea
Authors: Probst Wolfgang Nikolaus , Rehren Jennifer , Kraan Casper , Haslob Holger , Neumann Hermann , Lemmen Carsten , Krishna Shubham , Wirtz Kai , Stelzenmueller Vanessa
Published: February 2025

The SNS has recently become a European hub for installations of offshore wind farms (OWF), while extensive areas have been designated as marine protected areas (MPAs). Together with the already noticeable effects of climate warming, the region transforms from an area dominated by free ranging fisheries and shipping into an industrial landscape dominated by stationary activities. To inform decision making processes around the spatial allocation of fisheries, conservation measures and licence areas for offshore renewables in the southern North Sea, we modelled the spatial distribution of 179 epibenthic invertebrate and fish species. We identify both current and future hotspots of epibenthic and demersal fish diversity and their overlap with OWFs and MPAs. Hotspots of epibenthic and fish diversity are mostly found along the English Coast, located within an extensive network of MPA and OWF sites, which may provide opportunities for conservation and fisheries alike. In the central SNS, the MPA network could be complemented by OWF, where co-use regulations with other human uses are excluded, to protect sensitive species as well as epibenthic and demersal fish communities. Scenarios for three different time periods (until 2040, 2070 & 2100) revealed that global warming might cause an increase in the probability of occurrence for more than half of the analysed demersal fish species (n = 63). The applications in our study demonstrate the relevance of comprehensive knowledge about current, near and far future distribution patterns of species and species communities to enhance the effectiveness of marine spatial planning including spatial conservation measures.
A novel model of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy produces a clinically relevant phenotype in mice
Authors: Osborn Laura R , Bishop Mary Grace , Rodriguez Kayleigh A , Redling Dakota M , Duplechain Elizabeth A , Stephens Kimberly E
Published: February 2025

One of the most common adverse side effects of chemotherapeutics is chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Paclitaxel, a highly effective chemotherapeutic, is associated with a high incidence of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) that persists for over a year in 64% of patients and worsens with cumulative PTX dose. Patients experiencing PIPN may reduce the dosage of chemotherapy or halt treatment due to this pain. Current preclinical models have improved our understanding of PIPN but have been ineffective in generating translational therapeutic options. These models administer a single cycle of PTX to induce a PIPN phenotype of mechanical and cold hypersensitivity that resolves within 28 days. However, this does not mirror the clinical dosing regimen or the patient experience of CIPN. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive and longitudinal behavioral profile of our novel model of PIPN in mice where three consecutive cycles of PTX (4 mg/kg, 4 doses/cycle) are given to mimic the clinical administration. Repeated cycles of PTX caused long-lasting mechanical and cold hypersensitivity in male and female C57Bl/6J mice that mirrors clinical observations of persistent CIPN without causing detrimental effects to rodent overall health, normal rodent behavior, or motor function. Our findings support the use of this translational model to facilitate a better understanding of PIPN and the development of effective treatment options. Improved pain management will enable the completion of cancer treatment, decrease health care expenditure, decrease mortality, and improve the quality of life for cancer patients and survivors.
Mammalian oocytes receive maternal-effect RNAs from granulosa cells
Authors: Doherty Caroline A. , Tijjani Abdulfatai , Munger Steven C. , Laird Diana J.
Published: February 2025

It is currently thought that growing mammalian oocytes receive only small molecules via gap junctions from surrounding support cells, the granulosa cells. From the study of chimeric preantral oocyte and granulosa cell reaggregations, we provide evidence that growing mouse oocytes receive mRNAs from granulosa cells. Among the >1,000 granulosa-transcribed RNAs we identified in the oocyte, those that contribute to proper oocyte maturation and early embryo development were highly enriched. Predicted motifs for two RNA-binding proteins that function in RNA trafficking, FMRP and TDP43, were abundant in the UTRs of the granulosa-derived transcripts. Immunostaining demonstrated that both FMRP and TDP43 co-localize with the actin-rich granulosa cell protrusions that span the zone pellucida and connect to the oocyte, suggesting their role in importing mRNAs. Our results offer the possibility that oocyte failure may not always reflect an intrinsic oocyte deficiency but could arise from insufficient supply of maternal transcripts by granulosa cells during oocyte growth.
Semi-automatic quantification of 3D Histone H3 phosphorylation signals during cell division inArabidopsisroot meristems
Authors: Kelemen Adrienn , Uyttewaal Magalie , Máthé Csaba , Andrey Philippe , Bouchez David , Pastuglia Martine
Published: February 2025

Posttranslational modification of histones during the cell cycle is a major process controlling many aspects of cell division. Among the variety of histone modifications, mitotic phosphorylation of histone H3 at serine 10 (H3S10ph) plays a crucial role, particularly in proper chromosome segregation. Here we aimed at precisely quantifying this phosphorylation dynamics during mitosis in plant cells, in order to reveal molecular pathways involved in this process.

We describe an analysis pipeline based on 3D image analysis that allows to semi-automatically quantify H3S10 phosphorylation in mitoticArabidopsisroot cells. We also developed a new method for the compensation of signal attenuation in Z, based on measurement of objects of interest themselves.

We show that this new attenuation correction method allows significant gains in accuracy and statistical power. Using this pipeline, we were able to reveal small H3S10ph differences between cells treated with hesperadin, an inhibitor of an H3S10ph kinase, or betweenArabidopsismutants affected in PP2A phosphatase activity.

This tool opens new avenues to explore such regulation pathway in plants, using the wealth of genetic material available inArabidopsis. It can also be applied to study other histone post-translational modifications, and more generally to any discrete 3D signals.
Polarization signals from axion-photon resonant conversion in a neutron star magnetosphere
Authors: Song Ningqiang , Su Liangliang , Wu Lei
Published: February 2025

Neutron stars provide ideal astrophysical laboratories for probing new physics beyond the Standard Model. If axions exist, then photons can develop linear polarization during photon-axion conversion in the magnetic field of a neutron star. We find that the plasma in the neutron star magnetosphere could dramatically enhance the polarization through the resonant conversion effect. With the polarization measurements from PSR B0656+14, 4U 0142+61, and the benchmark polarization measurement in the midinfrared band, we demonstrate that optical and infrared polarization from neutron stars can provide strong constraints on the axion-photon coupling over a broad axion mass range 10−11≲ma≲10−3  eV.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Does a board of directors enhance sustainable development? Evidence from emerging economies in Southeast Asia
Authors: Nguyen Linh-TX
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study empirically examines the relationship between board effectiveness and corporate sustainability performance through the lens of agency and stakeholder theories to determine whether a board of directors enhances sustainable development.

Design/methodology/approach

The author uses best practices from Institutional Shareholders Services (2016) to develop a firm-specific board index that integrates four key attributes, including board size, board independence, board leadership structure and the presence of an audit committee. The analysis uses fixed-effects regressions on a sample of 535 listed non-financial firms in emerging Southeast Asian markets.

Findings

The findings demonstrate that an effective board can enhance corporate sustainability performance. Among the four board attributes, the author finds that an optimal board size, a majority of independent directors and the establishment of an audit committee contribute to improved corporate sustainability performance. However, there is no impact of CEO duality on sustainable development.

Originality/value

The author contributes to the literature by proposing a comprehensive firm-specific board index to evaluate board effectiveness, clarifying the attributes of a well-functioning corporate board. Additionally, our research emphasizes the crucial role of a well-functioning board of directors in enhancing sustainable development, particularly in emerging Southeast Asian markets.
Cultural intermediation as a balancing act: exploring the role of communications professionals as cultural intermediaries in UK cancer charities
Authors: Malaussene Laura
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study examined the role of communications professionals as cultural intermediaries within the UK cancer charity sector. It aimed to reposition politics within cultural and economic spheres in order to explore how these forces collectively shape the strategies and practices of communications professionals.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative method was employed by conducting 20 in-depth, semi-structured interviews to gain a deeper understanding of the experiences, perspectives and insights of various communications professionals in UK cancer charities.

Findings

The results showed that cultural intermediation has become increasingly complex in a cancer charity sector affected by changes in government leadership, increased competition and budget cuts. This evolution in communications practices has had an impact on relations with government and on the politicisation of cultural intermediaries’ strategies. Further, the infusion of neoliberalism and commercialisation underlines the central role of cultural intermediaries in navigating market relations and acting as neoliberal subjects.

Originality/value

Politics has been analytically excluded to the detriment of culture and economics in the external forces shaping the work of communications professionals as cultural intermediaries. This study seeks to reposition politics alongside other spheres of life in the analysis of cultural intermediation by utilizing concepts such as political economy, cultural intermediation and neoliberal subjects. It specifically focuses on the cancer charity sector, which has received less scholarly attention in the literature on cultural intermediaries.
Femvertising empowering or commodifying women? Exploring the changing feminist discourse in internationally award-winning advertisements
Authors: Iyer Kavitha Venkatasubramany , Dani Khushi
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Although women have been represented in advertising since WWII, the themes were laden with stereotypes – from working roles in the 1940s to superwomen in the 1970 and 1980s, second-wave feminism. Contemporary women-centric advertising (or femvertising) strives towards women empowerment and gender equality by stripping down stereotypes. However, through closer inspection, this study examines if this femvertising by brands nowadays is a gimmick to sell their products and further the neoliberal, postfeminist perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

Semiotic content analysis (SCA) explored the post-feminist discourses, as categorised by Windels et al. (2020) – in the internationally awarded 80 advertisements produced from 2013 to 2023 in the global West and South. Codes generated from SCA were then quantitatively analysed using chi-square and p-values, comparing the three themes: post-feminist elements and discourses, the form of self-surveillance and product ads and measuring the changes in post-feminist discourses in recent years.

Findings

After 2018, advertisements used more post-feminist discourse, especially commodity feminism, self-surveillance and love-your-body parameters. Brands reacted in their campaigns, conforming to gender stereotypes under empowerment and modifying feminist values.

Research limitations/implications

The study lacked a phenomenological understanding of the perspective of the consumers, the advertisers and the panel judges of these awards through a qualitative study on the post-feminist aspects of the femvertisements, the importance of depoliticising the women’s struggle or the feminist movement in communicating with the audience and how such a strategy has helped in empowering (or disempowering) real women.

Practical implications

The study highlights the need for inclusive marketing communication and also outlines implications for the brand owners, advertisers and the creative team. The research emphasises determining the fit between brands and the social issue, eventually leading to positive brand attitude and purchase intention among consumers.

Social implications

The research helps inform the young consumers about gender equity, the role played by the social, cultural, political, environmental and structural elements in shaping women’s empowerment and how their identity and experiences affect their empowerment. An inclusive communication approach would enable projects with real people with whom consumers, irrespective of gender, can resonate.

Originality/value

The study highlighted the femvertising issue from an inclusive marketing communication spectrum, implying its importance for brands’ attempts to connect with feminist and women consumers authentically.
Impact of Industry 4.0 on sustainability of Malaysia’s manufacturing industry in post-COVID era
Authors: Newaz Md Shah , Hemmati Mina , Rahman Muhammad Khalilur , Appolloni Andrea , Zailani Suhaiza , Martins Flavio Pinheiro , Botelho Junior Amilton Barbosa
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate how Industry 4.0 (IR 4.0) operates within the context of the post-COVID-19 environment and its impact on the economic, environmental and social sustainability of the manufacturing industry in a developing economy. By delving into this subject, the authors aim to understand the mechanisms through which IR 4.0 influences various facets of sustainability within the manufacturing sector.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional research design is used using purposive sampling and hypotheses were developed based on seminal theories and literature. Data was collected from 191 Malaysian manufacturing firms that use IR 4.0 technologies. The partial least squares structural equation modeling technique was used to explore how post-COVID uncertainty environment impacts manufacturing sustainability through IR 4.0 adoption.

Findings

During the highly uncertain era of the post-COVID-19 pandemic, the implementation of IR 4.0 adoption has had a favorable effect on the manufacturing industry, enhancing process efficiency, automation and data granularity. However, it is worth noting that automation does not significantly contribute to environmental sustainability and data granularity does not have a noteworthy impact on economic sustainability. On the other hand, process efficiency has a positive and significant influence on all three dimensions of sustainability. Moreover, data granularity positively affects environmental sustainability, whereas automation positively impacts both social and economic sustainability.

Research limitations/implications

This study emphasizes the importance of policy interventions to harness the transformative power of IR 4.0 and address the identified concerns. In addition, the findings offer valuable insights for mid-level operational managers, enabling them to actively participate in the creation of sustainable policies in partnership with top management. It is expected that these actions, which involve making necessary adjustments in the manufacturing process, will yield tangible outcomes for sustainable development.

Originality/value

This study offers valuable insights into the relationship between the uncertain post-COVID-19 environment, referred to as hyper-uncertainty and the adoption of IR 4.0 in the context of manufacturing sustainability.
Identifying the maturity level of ERP systems implementation and use in SMEs: a study using grey fixed weight clustering
Authors: Recchia Arlem Aparecido , Souza Pinto Jefferson , Rampasso Izabela Simon , Sigahi Tiago F. A. C. , Serafim Milena Pavan , Moraes Gustavo Hermínio Salati Marcondes de , Anholon Rosley
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to identify the contribution of implementing enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems in Brazilian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), understanding how ERP systems influence the operational and strategic management of these organizations and classify their maturity levels in ERP usage.

Design/methodology/approach

A combination of bibliometric analysis, Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation and grey fixed weight clustering methods is used. A survey was performed to assess experts’ perceptions about the contribution of ERP systems across multiple dimensions, and the responses were analysed to determine the maturity levels of ERP implementation in SMEs.

Findings

The results indicate that 80.6% of respondents considered that SMEs have an intermediate level of maturity in ERP implementation, suggesting that these companies could improve their process integration and decision-making. Approximately 9.7% of respondents indicated that SMEs have high maturity. However, another 9.7% of respondents assessed that SMEs have low maturity facing challenges in ERP adoption and utilization, resulting in less efficient operations.

Practical implications

Through the analysis of the results, it was possible to establish important recommendations for ERP management in SMEs: to invest in the continuous improvement of ERP systems and in employee training; to conduct periodic assessments of business needs and ensure the ERP alignment and to fully integrate business processes via ERP, ensuring efficient management of it.

Originality/value

This research provides valuable insights into the ERP implementation in Brazilian SMEs, highlighting the strategic importance of ERP systems in enhancing operational efficiency and competitiveness.
Facing or avoiding? How dependence on artificial intelligence influences hotel employees’ job crafting
Authors: Zhao Hongdan , Ma Yunshuo , Chen Yuanhua
Published: February 2025

Purpose

As more hotels adopt artificial intelligence (AI), it becomes inevitable for employees to rely on abilities enhanced by the use of AI to complete tasks. However, our understanding of how employees adapt to this shift in work design remains limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore hotel employees’ approach and avoidance behavioral reactions to dependence on AI.

Design/methodology/approach

A three-wave field study was conducted, collecting data from 303 hotel employees and analyzed using Mplus 8.3.

Findings

Dependence on AI can be construed as a positive stimulus, augmenting employees’ harmonious work passion and subsequently promoting approach job crafting. The promotion focus of employees positively moderates this process. On the other hand, dependence on AI also can be perceived as a negative stimulus, heightening employees’ feelings of AI threat and, consequently, fostering avoidance job crafting. In this case, the prevention focus of employees positively moderates the process.

Practical implications

This study provides theoretical foundations and decision-making references for management practice. Managers should implement measures to guide employees in developing a proper understanding of AI and provide them with emotional support and institutional safeguards.

Originality/value

This study unveils the consequences of dependence on AI for employees, offering new perspectives for AI research in the hotel industry. By differentiating job crafting, this study theorizes and tests a dual-path model of how dependence on AI may influence hotel employees’ approach and avoidance job crafting, thereby enriching the AI–job crafting literature.
Multinational enterprises’ approach to social innovation: key findings and future research avenues based on the systematic literature review
Authors: Ourhalouch Meryem , Mohiuddin Muhammad , Ed-Dafali Slimane , Katebi Parmis , Mirzaye Sina
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Social innovation (SI) is seen as a cornerstone for addressing the major social and environmental challenges of today’s world.Given that multinational enterprises (MNEs) play a crucial role in contributing to a more sustainable world, this leads us to wonder about the potential of these innovation initiatives in the context of these firms. This systematic literature review aims to explore SI within these firms and suggest future research avenues, as well as highlight the implications of the subject.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the analysis of 46 articles, this paper employs the PRISMA method to conduct a systematic literature review on SI within MNEs.

Findings

Drawing from the analysis of the results, this paper observes that SI within MNEs is generally mobilized within the framework of other responsible conceptualizations such as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR); however, it remains a crucial lever for value creation in MNEs. Additionally, this review asserts that social innovation within MNEs acts as a catalyst for sustainability, social change, institutional effectiveness and knowledge sharing within these firms. Moreover, it illustrates the conditions for the success of this innovation in MNEs, including addressing the instrumental needs of target users, committing to the long term, the ability to shape the environment, maintaining a strong position among stakeholders and adapting new technologies.

Originality/value

This review offers a nuanced exploration of how SI manifests within MNEs, examining its diverse conceptualizations, functions and the conditions necessary for success. Building on this analysis, it highlights key theoretical, practical and policy implications, along with a series of research questions designed to establish a solid foundation for future research.
Does socio-emotional selectivity really matter? Self-employment of seniors in Peru
Authors: Mousa Mohamed , Marquina Percy , Fernández-Concha Rafael Alejandro
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to identify the main motives for senior individuals in the Peruvian context to actively engage in entrepreneurial activities. The second purpose of this study is to identify the main challenges those senior entrepreneurs face.

Design/methodology/approach

The empirical data is collected through an ethnographic study followed by semi-structured interviews with a sample of 32 senior entrepreneurs working in Peru. The team members used the Gioia mechanism to analyze their data.

Findings

The authors identified the following factors as the main motives for seniors to actively engage in entrepreneurial activities in Peru: socio-economic factors (finding a source of income, creating jobs for their children and continuing to financially support their families), personal factors (considerable level of wisdom, leaving a good legacy and having the entrepreneurial requirements) and retirement-related factors (available time, the longevity of Peruvians and guaranteed familial support). Moreover, the authors perceived the uncertainty of the work environment and technological illiteracy as the two main challenges senior entrepreneurs face in Peru.

Originality/value

This paper comes to be the first, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, in addressing self-employment of seniors in the context of Latin America. Hence, it yields further research opportunities for interested scholars.
The power of website quality in driving customer loyalty in hotel industry: exploring a mediation model
Authors: Kulshreshtha Kushagra , Aldulaimi Saeed , Singh Vivek Devvrat , Singh Sanjeet , Jamaludin Azizul , Ratib Alsoud Anas , Sharma Sandeep , Priye Ati
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to propose and test a conceptual model that represents customer perceived ethicality (CPE) and customer perceived website service quality (CPWSQ), in which both are combined to investigate the underlying mechanism by which hotel website quality (HWQ) influences customer loyalty (CL).

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses quantitative and partial least square structural equation modeling to analyze the data collected from 457 hotel guests.

Findings

The findings confirm that HWQ is positively associated with CL, CPE and CPWSQ. Moreover, CPE and CPWSQ mediates the relationship between CPE-CL and CPWSQ-CL. This study also validated that CPE and CPWSQ are positively associated with CL.

Originality/value

This study contributes to ethical and consumer behavioral literature by demonstrating the influence of HWQ on CL, CPE and CPWSQ. Furthermore, it uncovers the mechanisms through which HWQ affects CL, using signaling theory and stakeholder theory, which prior studies ignored.