bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Get Low-Down Blues
Authors: Driggs Frank , Haddix Chuck
Published: November 2023

Jazz Arrived At The Corner of 18th and Vine one hot, dusty afternoon in July 1917. While playing a ballyhoo on 18th Street, a unit from Drake and Walker’s Big Musical Production engaged the band from the Billy King tent show in an exchange of jazz licks.1 Covering the musical street brawl for the Kansas City Sun, Charles Starks observed: There was the sound of rivalry as well as revelry last Monday night when Drake and Walker’s six-piece band of jazz experts were playing down in the old 1500 block on 18th street. Drake has some soft toned cunning and sensational artists who run a close second in harmony and easily out jazz all jazzers in stirring and catchy syncopations. They had just finished a dissecting treatment of the “Blues “ intermingling such popular stuff as “Yaaka Hula, Hicky Dula “ and “My Mother’s Rosary “ played first in pianissimo and then in its loud opposite, such as seemingly only black musicians can do, when who should come thundering up the avenue but a delegation from Billy Kling’s [King’s]! The Jazz aggregation, however, discovered the attack in due time and entrenched themselves in readiness so that when the enemy were in their midst they vociferously let go a volley of shot that fairly rained on the invaders. There was a terrible interchange of vehement artillery fire for about two minutes between the opposing forces. Trombone and cornet vying while the big bass drums spoke above the din of battle in thrilling sounds.
Roll ‘Em, Pete
Authors: Driggs Frank , Haddix Chuck
Published: November 2023

Pianist Jay Mcshann arrived in Kansas City by serendipity. During a layover on a bus trip to visit his uncle in Omaha, Nebraska, in late fall 1936, McShann stopped by the Reno Club to catch a set or two of the Count Basie band. Stepping into the dark, smoky confines of the club, he instead found Bus Moten’s swing combo on the stage. “I stopped in Kansas City and I had a two or three hour layover on the bus. So I went down to the Reno Club, “
Homefront Families on the Move
Authors: Tuttle William M
Published: November 2023

The plant, to be named Willow Run, would be located thirty miles west of Detroit in southeastern Michigan. The next month, bulldozers began clearing the flat fields. Soon the factory took shape, “a huge sprawling upthrust of red I-beams and endless windows.” Within weeks, access highways and a railroad spur from the main line of the New York Central appeared, along with acres of parking lots and a mile-long airfield. By Christmas time—even though the I-beams at the east end of Willow Run were still open to the wind-production workers began filling the plant, ready to build B-24 Liberator bombers. Willow Run became the largest plant in the world: the main building covered 67 acres, while the airport spread over an additional 1,434 acres and had six runways. The first B-24 rolled out of the plant on September IO, 1942, and by war’s end Willow Run had produced 8,685 airplanes. At its height the plant turned out one bomber every 63 minutes.
Belief and Acceptance
Authors: Perry John
Published: November 2023

When asked what I believe, I typically respond with a sentence, or a sentence embedded in a that-clause: that the Giants will lose; that life is short; that philosophy is noble. I would use the same sentences to describe the world to others, and in my own thinking about it. I shall say that I accept them.
An American Writer
Authors: Rodriguez Richard
Published: November 2023

When I left California it was warm. The plane headed east, against the grain of America, into the dark. Nevada. Utah. Long shadows over Utah. Deep purple wells in the Rockies which seemed inverted afternoons. The Asian businessman on the airplane borrowed my newspaper for a time. The stewardess, a black woman, brought us dinner. In Hart­ ford, Connecticut, the blond lady at the Avis counter looked at me through green eyes. From where? Poland? Scotland? “Patty”-the label on her costume.
Comping for Count Basie
Authors: Murray Albert
Published: November 2023

In autobiography as in fiction, nothing has more to do with what the story is really about than the voice of the narrator. So the main thing was to get his voice on the page. Everything else came after that. Incidents mean only as much as the way they are told makes them mean. If you couldn’t help him sound like himself in print, you’d probably be better off working on a book about Count Basie than on one by Count Basie about himself.
Lost Chords
Authors: Sudhalter Richard M
Published: November 2023

Many jazz fans and critics--and even some jazz musicians--contend that white players have contributed little of substance to the music; that even, with every white musician removed from the canon, the history and nature of jazz would remain unchanged. Now, with Lost Chords, musician-historian Richard M. Sudhalter challenges this narrow view, with a book that pays definitive tribute to a generation of white jazz players, many unjustly forgotten--while never scanting the role of the great black pioneers. Eagerly awaited by the jazz community, this monumental volume offers an exhaustively documented, vividly narrated history of white jazz contribution in the vital years 1915 to 1945. Beginning in New Orleans, Sudhalter takes the reader on a fascinating multicultural odyssey through the hot jazz gestation centers of Chicago and New York, Indiana and Texas, examining such bands such as the New Orleans Rhythm Kings, the Original Memphis Five, and the Casa Loma Orchestra. Readers will find luminous accounts of many key soloists, including Bix Beiderbecke, Benny Goodman, Jack Teagarden, Red Norvo, Bud Freeman, the Dorsey Brothers, Bunny Berigan, Pee Wee Russell, and Artie Shaw, among others. Sudhalter revives the once-great reputations of these and many other major jazzmen, pleading their cases persuasively and eloquently, without ever descending to polemic. Along the way, he gives due credit to Louis Armstrong, Lester Young, Duke Ellington, Coleman Hawkins, and countless other major black figures. Destined to become a basic reference book on the subject, Lost Chords is a ground-breaking book that should significantly alter perceptions about jazz and its players, reminding readers of this great music's multicultural origins.
Miff Mole and the Original Memphis Five
Authors: Sudhalter Richard M
Published: November 2023

It’s hard now to remember who spotted him first. Just an old-looking guy in an old-looking overcoat, standing there beside his big, old-looking trombone case. No mistaking him, though: wire-rimmed glasses just a little askew on a leathery, seamed face. The look-still, so many years later-of a slightly quizzical owl.
Red Nichols and His Circle
Authors: Sudhalter Richard M
Published: November 2023

The late musicologist and lexicographer Nicolas Slonimsky, an unlikely commentator on jazz, once said of Red Nichols: Heuristic exegetes of European hermeneutics bemoaned the commercialization of his style, giving preference to his earlier, immaculate, jazzification.’ Translation and distillation: insiders, who claimed to understand the true artistic nature of hot music, cried “Foul!” when Nichols, in the late ‘20s, began acknowledging a responsibility to someone more than just fellow-musicians and hot music initiates.
Revolutionaries from the Suburbs
Authors: Sudhalter Richard M
Published: November 2023

Eddie Condon had it just about right. By the mid—’20s, he wrote, there was so much hot music in Chicago that a visitor to the corner of 35th and Calumet, on the South Side, “could hold an instrument in the middle of the street and the air would play it.”
Dixieland
Authors: Sudhalter Richard M
Published: November 2023

World War I turned out to be a major bonanza for popular songwriters. From 1917, when America entered the war, until 1919 and Versailles, Tin Pan Alley operated at capacity, turning out such topical trivia as “Hello, Central, Give Me No Man’s Land,” “Just Like Washington Crossed the Delaware, General Pershing Will Cross the Rhine,” “Goodbye, Broadway, Hello, France”- and, occasionally, more durable efforts, “Roses of Picardy” and “Avalon” among them.
Frank Trumbauer: The Divided Self
Authors: Sudhalter Richard M
Published: November 2023

It’s easy enough to wax lyrical about Bix Beiderbecke. Posterity loves him: in death, he has become an American icon, transcending the hermetical peer culture of hot jazz as he never did in life. Some of his associates have fared less well-as if the beatification process required defoliation of the musical landscape around him. Poor Bix, many assessments seem to say, hobbled by second-raters and wannabes, their only glow a pallid reflection of his.
Freedom Within Reason
Authors: Wolf Susan
Published: November 2023

In this work, the author argues that, contrary to the tradition in analytic philosophy, freedom of the will cannot be understood as a purely metaphysical notion. You enjoy freedom of the will only if you are in a position that enables you, not only to govern your actions on the basis of your own values, but also to develop and alter your values on the basis of the right data and by the right means. Accordingly, free will is the freedom to be good, or the freedom to do the right thing for the right reasons. This approach allows us to explain the failure of attempts to provide satisfactory metaphysical accounts of free will, whether compatibilist or in-compatilist: the metaphysical conditions of freedom of the will vary in accordance with the value of the action in question.
Introduction
Authors: Kay Lily E
Published: November 2023

During the 1930s a new biology came into being that by the late 1950s was to endow scientists with unprecedented power over life. These three decades culminated in the elucidation of the self-replicating mechanisms of DNA and an explanation of its action in terms of information coding, representations that laid the cognitive foundations for genetic engineering. Scientists could now manipulate genes on the most fundamental level and attempt to control the course of biological and social evolution; they laid claim to “the secret of life.”
Depression in the Age of Prosperity
Authors: Greenberg Cheryl Lynn
Published: November 2023

Harlem. For many Americans in the 1920s the word evoked images of “hot, throbbing jazz,” of “happy-go-lucky negroes” rubbing shoulders with “angry black poets.” This was the era of the Harlem Renaissance, of flowering black culture and pride. Practically every famous black figure of the time had moved to Harlem: poets like Langston Hughes and Countee Cullen; novelists and writers like James Weldon Johnson and Claude McKay; activists and intellectuals like W. E. B. DuBois and A. Philip Randolph. White America praised black writers and musicians, and frequented black clubs and speakeasies.
Barely Making Ends Meet: At Work in the Great Depression
Authors: Greenberg Cheryl Lynn
Published: November 2023

At any given time during the 1930s, a majority of Harlem families contained at least one working member, whose employment opportunities were dramatically affected by the Great Depression. The black occupational structure had changed since the 1920s, generally to the detriment of black workers. African-American economic opportunities, always limited, narrowed still further. While black skilled, unskilled, and white-collar workers, men and women, and the foreign-born and native-born experienced these changes in different ways, all shared this shrinking of opportunity and the consequent low wages. Although unemployment rates were lower in New York than elsewhere, and earnings a bit higher, Harlem’s experiences with employment paralleled the urban black experience across the country.
Postionization of Laser-Desorbed Neutrals for the Analysis of Molecular Adsorbates on Surfaces
Authors: Land Donald P , Wang Diana T S , Tai Tsong-Lin , Sherman Michael G , Hemminger John C , Mclver Robert T
Published: November 2023

In the last 20 years there has been a tremendous amount of activity in the field of surface science. Much of this activity has been aimed at the development of new and more precise probes of the solid-gas interface. The degree of success of these efforts is revealed by the fact that techniques now exist that can provide the elemental composition of a surface layer for virtually any solid sample. Among these techniques are Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ion scattering spectroscopy, and Rutherford backscattering. In addition, the static structure of a surface can be determined by diffraction techniques (electron or He atom), or modern methods of electron microscopy (scanning tunneling microscopy or high-voltage electron microscopes).
Hawthorne And Tradition
Authors: Brodhead Richard H
Published: November 2023

WHAT 1s OUR TRADITION? How did we become possessed of our tradition? What difference does it make for us to have a tradition-and to have the tradition we have, and not another? Asking these questions in the context of American literature puts them in an especially revealing light. Traditions, we know, begin when the past is purged of irrelevance. They come into existence when the full past, the sum of what has been, is allowed to fall from mind; then when a past worth remembering is selected and given memorable shape.
LATE JAMES: The Lost Art of the Late Style
Authors: Brodhead Richard H
Published: November 2023

No READER is likely to forget the great scene recorded in the fourteenth chapter of The Golden Bowl, at the opening of Part Third. The occasion is a diplomatic reception, a “great official party” (191),1 but this aspect of the scene is rendered as a mere swirl or blur-a “glitter of star and clink of sword” (192)-of undeveloped detail. This dimension of the scene remains an unfocussed background because the foreground is so strongly held by Charlotte Stant, a figure in the scene who, by her way of engaging it, makes a scene of another order. Charlotte appears here for the first time in her new role as Mrs. Adam Verver, to face our intense curiosity about what a union so strangely motivated on both sides will have turned into.
Four Midwives
Authors: Hill Carolyn Ericksen
Published: November 2023

My arguments in Chapters 2 and 3 carried the assumption that the written and oral discourses of both students and teachers might hold more ethical and political force if principles and beliefs opposing their own were welcomed into their minds for generous negotiation. No matter how unsettling the joining might feel at first, I urged, more coherent thinking and greater conviction are born of looking the feared other in the eye and listening to both the familiar-sounding notes in her story and those not so familiar, finding ways to share stories with her and to fine-tune the differences in the overlap.
Conclusion
Authors: Hill Carolyn Ericksen
Published: November 2023

The scene: an interdepartmental social gathering, nametags being scrutinized, conversations beginning. “Tell me,” says a chemist in a group of two, “how is it that you people are calling yourself a discipline when you have no subject matter?” Composition teachers are not unfamiliar with such questions.
The Sisyphean Cycle
Authors: Mitton Jeffry B
Published: November 2023

In his book on the evolution of sexual reproduction (1975), George Williams coined the term Sisyphean genotype to refer to an optimal genotype selected by biotic and abiotic components of the environment. Williams proposed low heritability of fitness from generation to generation, for the fitness of a genotype is highly dependent on the environment in which it was tested, and environments are rarely constant. Because the optimal genotype varies with environmental conditions, natural selection, like Sisyphus, is never done.
Runaway Tongue: Resistant Orality in Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Our Nig, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, and Beloved
Authors: Mullen Harryette
Published: November 2023

The mainstream appeal of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin catalyzed literary as well as political activity in the nineteenth century. Leaving aside the numerous attacks, defenses, adaptations, imitations, and parodies the book inspired among white writers, let us note that Stowe, through the unprecedented popularity of her sympathetic black characters, had an impact on black writers so immediate that Uncle Tom’s Cabin can be regarded as an important precursor of the African American novel. Through the broad influence of this fictional work, Stowe almost single-handedly turned the interests of black readers and writers to the political, cultural, and economic possibilities of the novel. Recognizing the value of their personal and collective experience, black writers of both fictional and nonfictional works were influenced by Stowe’s exploitation of subliterary genres, her provocative combination of sentimental and slave narrative conventions, and her successful production of a text at once popular and ideological.1
Receptors
Authors: Lauffenburger Douglas A , Linderman Jennifer J
Published: November 2023

This book addresses the interface between chemical engineering and cell biology, demonstrating how a mathematical modeling approach combined with quantitative experiments can provide enhanced understanding of cell phenomena involving receptor-ligand interactions. The work introduces engineers to key problems in receptor biology, and familiarizes cell biologists with the valuable insights that can be gained from engineering analysis and synthesis. The central unifying theme is the development of a quantitative understanding of how receptor-mediated cell functions depend on receptor and ligand molecular properties. Both basic and newly developed model frameworks are described over the entire spectrum of receptor processes, from fundamental cell-surface binding, intracellular trafficking, and signal transduction events to the cell behavioral functions they govern, including proliferation, adhesion, and migration. Emphasis is placed on mechanistic models that are accessible to testing. Researchers in the fields of biotechnology, biomedicine, bioengineering, and molecular biology will find the information presented here highly useful and clearly described.
Tube of Plenty
Authors: Barnouw Erik
Published: November 2023

Tube of Plenty is an abridgement of Erik Barnouw's classic 3-volume History of Broadcasting in the United States. The paperback edition was first published in 1976 and a second edition in 1982. Much has happened in television in the 1980s; the decline of the three major networks, the expansion of cable and satellite television, film channels like Home Box Office, the success of ESPN (sports), and MTV (pop music), and the increased way in which the White House in Washington has managed and controlled national news and its contents. Barnouw has added an extensive chapter dealing with the changes of the 1980s and looking ahead to the 1990s.
Behavior
Authors: Metzger Roland
Published: November 2023

In contrast to the common knowledge of German cockroaches, there are large gaps in understanding and appreciating its behavior. Being nocturnal, cockroaches spend much of the time out of our sight. They are active primarily during dusk and night, and remain in refuges (or harborages) during daytime or other periods of light. On the other hand, attention is mainly devoted to controlling this species, so efforts to observe these insects in their natural environment for extended periods of time have been relatively limited. It has been just within the last several years that specific experiments regarding behavior were conducted which have enriched our knowledge with regard to activity budget, aggregation, dispersion and avoidance behavior. New and improved control methods hopefully can be developed as a result of this understanding of natural behavior patterns. Daily patterns of activity are pronounced in B. germanica. This cycle of activity or circadian rhythm generally varies between 22 and 26 hours. External cues synchronize the activity periods and various periodic events typically serve as cues to entrain the behavioral rhythms. Under natural circumstances daily light and dark photoperiods (daylight or artificial sources) are responsible for the definition of the circadian rhythm.
Economics and Medical Importance of German Cockroaches
Authors: Brenner Richard J
Published: November 2023

Cockroaches have survived on this planet for over 300 million years, in part because they have taken an evolutionary strategy of generalization. The roughly 4,000 species of today are largely unchanged from their ancestors, having retained primitive chewing mouthparts that allow them to readily adapt to evolving food sources. Most of these species are feral and not associated with us in any way. But about 50 species became peridomestic or domestic with humans as we evolved from nomadic hunters to relatively sedentary producers of crops and tenders of domestic animals. Chewing mouthparts enabled cockroaches to consume a wide range of materials we produce, store, consume, discard or excrete. Because these 50 species are so closely associated with us, and commonly feed on decaying food, crumbs or scraps, and commonly occur in unsanitary areas such as sewage systems and septic tanks, their presence is perceived as a constant threat to our welfare. Principal among these is the German cockroach. Although no detailed records are kept that provide an accurate monetary figure on how much money is spent annually on German cockroach control, it is possible to assess the scope of our interactions with German cockroaches through direct and indirect comparisons. The best estimates of total damages attributed to cockroaches comes from 1988 data (Douce and McPherson 1989). Within Georgia, household and structural damages caused by insects were estimated to be *124.65 million; cockroaches accounted for 40% (*449.86 million).
Baits For German Cockroach Control
Authors: Reierson Donald A
Published: November 2023

Classically, cockroach baits are mixtures of insecticide in food or water that purportedly attract cockroaches and kill them after they eat or drink some of it. Presently the term “bait” is used to refer to a non-edible combination of insecticide and a food, odor or pheromone lure that kills the attracted insects if they contact the insecticide.
Insect Growth Regulators
Authors: Bennett Gary W , Reid Byron L
Published: November 2023

Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring (1962) dramatically focused public policy on the adverse effects of the indiscriminate and excessive use of inorganic and synthetic organic insecticides. The main concern was that these insecticides lacked selective activity - they were general biocides and, thus, toxic to most animal life. This event stimulated research to find alternative methods of chemical pest control, which eventually resulted in the discovery of chemistries possessing greater selectivity towards insects. One of the earliest successes from this activity was the discovery and development of insect growth regulators (IGRs) possessing very low mammalian toxicity.
Maxwell’s Analogies and Kinetic Theory
Authors: Achinstein Peter
Published: November 2023

In the middle of the nineteenth century James Clerk Maxwell promulgated the use of analogies as a legitimate method of science. In his paper, “On Faraday’s Lines of Force,”‘ Maxwell focused on what he called “electrical science,” which, at the time, contained various laws of electricity and magnet ism that had been empirically established but had not been related or systematized.
On Keeping Faith, And On The Divisions Of Obligations
Authors: Carr Craig L
Published: November 2023

The duties expounded thus far are mutually owed by reason of that common kinship which nature established among all men, despite there having been no preceding act among them. But to circumscribe the duties that are to be mutually exercised among men by means of this boundary alone is insufficient. For, first of all, not just anyone has such goodness of character as to be willing to do all the things by which he can benefit others out of humanity or charity alone, without a well-founded hope of receiving an equivalent return. And the things that can come to us from others are frequently such that we cannot without losing face ask that they be furnished to us for free.
On Humankind’S Faculty Over Things
Authors: Carr Craig L
Published: November 2023

The constitution of the human body is such that it cannot be preserved out of its own internal substance but requires certain things taken from outside itself for its nourishment, and to fortify it against things which are destructive of its frame. Most things, indeed, are useful to man by enabling him to live a fuller and more pleasant life Accordingly, many reciprocal transactions take place among men, providing opportunities for many controversies and disputes. And these, lest they disturb the tranquillity of the human race, are both the focus of the natural law’s cautions and, we find, the main object of concern in most peoples’ civil laws.
On The Generation Of Supreme Civil Sovereignty Or Majesty
Authors: Carr Craig L
Published: November 2023

Let us see now from where the supreme sovereignty that exists in every state and is, as it were, its vivifying and sustaining soul, is directly and immediately produced. We presuppose here at the beginning that sovereignty, in order to achieve its proper effect, requires both the natural strength by which a subject, if he by chance presumes to refuse that which is enjoined, can be compelled by the manifestation of some evil, and a title by right of which others, in whom there is a corresponding obligation to obey its commands, can be enjoined to do or not do something. Both of these flow immediately from the pacts through which the state is formed.
Romancing the Border: Bird, Cooper, Simms, and the Frontier Novel
Authors: Nelson Dana D
Published: November 2023

“The business of a writer of fiction,” states Cooper unequivocally in his 1831 introduction to The Last of the Mohicans, “is to approach, as near as his powers will allow, to poetry” (7). There is an unresolved tension in Cooper’s introduction between his commitment to realism - giving an accurate account of “the Aborigines of the American continent” (5)-and his attraction to romance-”poetically to furnish a witness to the truth” (7). To achieve the latter, Cooper acknowledges, one must fudge a bit on realism: Cooper’s Natty isn’t quite so vulgar as he might have justifiably been portrayed by a more realistic pen.
Antisperm Antibodies
Authors: Mortimer David
Published: November 2023

That postmeiotic male germ cells, spermatozoa, or sperm antigens can induce the production of auto- and isoantibodies that may interfere with fertility has been established since the beginning of the century (see Chapter 11). This chapter provides an overview of the methods for appropriate diagnostic tests to identify anti spermatozoal antibodies (ASABs) in various body fluids. A brief overview of the mechanisms whereby ASABs affect spermatozoa is also provided; greater detail may be found in Chapter 11.
Semen Microbiology and Virology
Authors: Mortimer David
Published: November 2023

Infections of the male reproductive tract can be contributory, even direct, causes of infertility (Eliasson, 1977; Fowler, 1981). Their investigation requires not only microbiological testing but seminal plasma biochemistry and careful clinical examination (palpation of the testes, epididymides, and prostate).
Abolishing the Logic of Identity: Contexts and Consequences
Authors: Posnock Ross
Published: November 2023

When pressed for a “brief nickname” to describe his philosophy, William James usually offered “radical empiricism.” In 1896 he declared that a radical empiricist is anyone who believes that pluralism is the “permanent form of the world”: “For him the crudity of experience remains an eternal element thereof” (Will 6). The radical empiricist seeks to preserve this crudity from the assaults of “professionalism and pedantry” with their monistic, absolutist doctrines intolerant of what James calls the “ever not quite” (qtd. Perry 2: 630; Will 6). In this battle James gained crucial support from Henri Bergson’s Creative Evolution (1907): “We are fighting the same fight,” James excitedly wrote him.
“At the Active Pitch”: Mimetic Selfhood in James’s Autobiography
Authors: Posnock Ross
Published: November 2023

In the New York of 1851 the Hudson River Railroad was in the course of being built. On the corner of Eighteenth Street was a mansion whose grounds were full of animal life, “browsing, pecking, and parading creatures” that seemed to belong to a world separate from the “riot of explosion” and hurtling fragments of rock attending the railroad’s construction. On his way back home to Washington Square after visiting his tutor on Twenty-first Street, the eight-year-old Henry James would “dawdle and gape” at both scenes. The two “chance feasts” offered up by the “beguiling streets”-the thunderous construction and the tranquil animals-register the heterogeneity of a rural world in the process of becoming urban. James is rooted in this moment of transition, which is to say that the experience of being rooted is precisely what his daily life calls into question (Autobiography 15–16).
Generating the Argument-Outline
Authors: Kaye Sanford
Published: November 2023

Everyone who writes has been told at one time or another to “sharpen the focus” of a paper, a report, or a memo. But that is the kind of advice that often creates more trouble than it resolves. How do you know what to put in and what to take out of a piece of writing, especially if you are writing under pressure? Most people imagine an analogy between sharpening the image in a viewfinder and focusing their words on a page, but locating the center of gravity in an essay can be far more complicated. Writers do not sharpen as much as they transform what they observe into their own perspective.
Producing the Final Draft
Authors: Kaye Sanford
Published: November 2023

Here is the final draft of my position paper. Although the idea of a writing competency exam is appealing as a way of strengthening a basic skill, such an exam would be self defeating and destructive. It is expensl.ve, inefficient to administer, and demoralizing for both students and faculty. It would destroy the English department’s effectiveness in helping all students to learn, and cannot ensure competency in writing. Such a goal can only be accomplished by a creative, flexible, highly motivated teaching staff making instruction as individualized as possible toward the goal of writing as a lifelong skill. The competency idea is a tantalizing one, but it raises serious questions. Usually, as in computer literacy, such exams “certify” that students have been trained in some way.
The Integrated QWP System
Authors: Kaye Sanford
Published: November 2023

Here is the QWP model as we have developed it through the first part of this book. Preparation. The writer’s point of view on the question posed; his or her relationship to the reader; the writer’s own commitment. Timetable. From planning the process to completing the final product. Plan of overall structure. The intrinsic characteristics of beginning, middle, other side, and conclusion. Provisional thesis. The writer’s commitment as a challenge to the reader. Because-clauses. Completing and supporting the thesis, and generating the other side.
Pessimism and the Tragic View of Life: Reconsiderations of Nietzsche’s Birth of Tragedy
Authors: Soll Ivan
Published: November 2023

Reconsideration of Nietzsche’s first book, The Birth of Tragedy, begins with his own repeated reassessments of it and his persistent reworking of its central ideas and concerns. When in 1886, fourteen years after the original publication of The Birth of Tragedy, Nietzsche brought out a new edition, he saw fit to furnish it with a preface called “Attempt at a Self-Criticism.” This self-criticism, being the criticism of a much earlier self, serves, like most retrospective self-criticism, to disassociate its author from what he perceives to have been his previous errors and follies. Among Nietzsche’s principal repudiations, here and in other critical retrospections, is his sweepingly stated rejection of any previously held allegiance to Schopenhauer’s philosophy and of any previously felt affinity for Schopenhauer’s spirit.
Rape Myths, Language, and the Portrayal of Women in the Media
Authors: Benedict Helen
Published: November 2023

In spite of the attempts by feminists and psychologists to explain away rape myths over the last two decades, studies have found that those myths are still alive and well. In his 1982 book, Men On Rape, Timothy Beneke interviewed a large sample of men and found that many not only blamed female victims for having been raped, but admitted to being tempted to commit rape themselves. Other studies conducted in 1987 found that victims are still widely blamed for inviting rape, while perpetrators are seen as lustful men driven beyond endurance. In 1991, The New York Times featured an article about rape victims who blame themselves.4 A telephone survey of 500 American adults taken for Time magazine in May 1991, found that 53 percent of adults over age fifty and 31 percent of adults between thirty-five and forty believe that a woman is to be blamed for her rape if she dressed provocatively.5 And at the end of 1991, Newsweek pointed out that the public’s disinclination to believe either Anita Hill during the Justice Clarence Thomas hearings on sexual harassment or Patricia Bowman, who said she was raped by William Kennedy Smith, “show the lengths skeptics will go to deny the possibility of sexual offense.”6 Because rape myths continue to hold such sway, and because they lie at the root of my discussion in this book, they must be explained again.
“A Policeman in Every Bedroom” : The 1978-1979 Greta and John Rideout Marital Rape Case
Authors: Benedict Helen
Published: November 2023

During the Christmas week of 1978, an unlikely young couple in the small city of Salem, Oregon, became famous overnight. Reporters from all over the country and from as far away as Germany and· England descended on the bewildered pair and on the modest courthouse of Salem and stayed for over a week, exciting and disturbing the natives and creating what one local reporter called “a spectacle.” John and Greta Rideout, who were both twenty-one-years old, were sudden celebrities, but not for any reasons of glamor. John Rideout was standing trial on the charge of rape, and the victim was his wife.
Historical Sources
Authors: Neiman Susan
Published: November 2023

A revision of our understanding of Kant’s project requires a revision of our understanding of his relation to his predecessors. The task of this chapter is to provide one. My goal is not to present a detailed study that would trace historical influences on Kant’s thought, though I have often lrawn on such studies. The aim, again, is systematic reconstruction. If Kant’s goal is to provide a reinterpretation of the notion of reason, what philosophical problems led him to do so? What was the conceptual background against which his revolution can be placed and understood? In answering these questions I will draw on the familiar schema that places Kant as mediator between rationalists and empiricists, but will describe this relation in less familiar terms.
Introduction
Authors: Darden Lindley
Published: November 2023

New ideas are exciting. Yet how they develop is mysterious. This book attempts to remove some of the mystery from the development of new scientific ideas. Consider: If new ideas arise from old ones, then their origin is n’t so puzzling. If new theories don’t arise all at once, but instead develop piecemeal in incremental stages, then scientific theory formation is more comprehensible than it would appear at first glance.
Exemplars, Diagrams, and Diagnosis
Authors: Darden Lindley
Published: November 2023

Throughout this analysis, I have emphasized that I have often stated claims more explicitly than was found in the historical literature. Theoretical components stated in sentences have been useful for my purpose of tracing the development of the theory of the gene. This lack of fidelity to the actual published record, however, raises a question: if geneticists usually did not explicitly state their theories in sentences or explicitly define their theoretical terms, how were theories usually represented in the literature.
Milton’s Bogey Reconsidered
Authors: Kowaleski-Wallace Elizabeth
Published: November 2023

In Strictures on the Modern System of Female Education, Hannah More vindicates Milton’s paternal character.1 Defending Milton, she implicitly defends her own father as well, while she manifests a tendency to identify with Milton’s daughters. According to More, Milton merely enforced the “strict domestic regulations of his age” in having his daughters read Greek and Latin to him. However, she overlooks the point of the anecdote: Milton’s daughters were said not to have understood the languages they read. In denying it a hardship “that an affectionate child” should amuse an afflicted parent, More obscures the significance of the story.
Introduction/The Persistence of Memory: Joyce’s Regress from Mortmain to Atavism
Authors: Schneidau Herbert N
Published: November 2023

Here we can see Hawthorne carried from bemusement to disgust by the inscription of his own thought. His grimace at the appalling spectacle of all those form of rule from the grave was echoed many times in the nineteenth century; it became characteristic of the age: as Marx said, the past weighed like a nightmare on the brains of the living. Although many intellectuals demurred, pro gressivism was powerful enough in that century to make many think that the hold of the past was all that kept humankind from true fulfillment. Scientism was in flower; railroads, Crystal Pal aces, electoral reform, and the like gave the more hopeful cause to believe in a new meaning for the term Utopia
Ezra Pound:The Archaeology of the Immanent
Authors: Schneidau Herbert N
Published: November 2023

The decisive moment in the history of Modernism’s self-definitions came just before the First World War, when the Vorticists, led by Wyndham Lewis and Ezra Pound, rejected an alliance with the Futurists, led by Filippo Marinetti. Marinctti had come to England to propagandize for his noisily nihilistic demands that the entire past of Western culture be scrapped, museums destroyed, and so forth; he sought to broaden the base of his movement, though its natural locus was Italy, where (as he complained) the whole country was a museum. The Vorticists had initially welcomed Futurism’s strident self-advertising as a way to wake up the somnolent British public, but began to gag when they saw the covert sentimentalism of Marinetti’s nostalgia for the future. In the Vorticist journal BLAST Futurism was condemned as “accelerated impressionism” and “automobilism.” Marinetti was written off for having merely updated nineteenth-century worship of the machine, and Pound condemned his nihilistic demands, for example that Venice be torn down, as childishness:
Postwar Comedian
Authors: Longenbach James
Published: November 2023

Just before he left Harvard to join the newspaper business, Stevens published “Hawkins of Cold Cape,” a story about “Sly” Hawkins, editor of the Cold Cape Traveller. The tale begins with Hawkins’s realization that “there was little or no money in the provincial newspaper business.” Barker, Hawkins’s equally frustrated reporter, hears that John Havers of North Point has seen a meteor, and he writes an article for the paper that begins like this. As is well known to most of those who do us the honor of reading the Traveller, Man is but mortal.
It Must Be Masculine
Authors: Longenbach James
Published: November 2023

“There must be mercy in Asia”: It seems likely that in “Montrachet-le-Jar din,” published a month after Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, Stevens addressed the nation he now thought of as an enemy. But “Montrachet” is more profoundly marked by a wartime consciousness of an enemy in its call for the poet to speak simply “of good in the voice of men.” Just a few years earlier, in “Idiom of the Hero,” a disdainful Stevens had pronounced that “The great men will not be blended” with the weak; now the simple act of speaking humanly of human things is to “equate the root-man and the super-man, The root-man swarming, tortured by his mass, he super-man friseured, possessing and possessed.” As we have seen, the war allowed Stevens to feel that a generation’s will is a healthy thing, and these lines reveal him attempting to smooth the class-bound tensions that once marked his work.
Protein Evolution
Authors: Gillespie John H
Published: November 2023

The study of protein evolution, like that of morphological evolution, is a multi-level enterprise. At the most fundamental level are those studies that infer what actually happened. At the next level are studies of rates of change. Once we know what happened, we want to know how quickly it happened. Finally, we want to know why these changes occurred. What are the mechanisms producing the changes in the amino acid sequences of proteins? The Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure [52] is the repository of much of the work on the first two levels.
Two About Pee Wee
Authors: Williams Martin
Published: November 2023

A new release on Counterpoint, “A Portrait of Pee Wee,” shows us (again) that Pee Wee Russell takes chances, dares, explores. He is never intimidated by a melody or a chord structure. Even when he uses devices that are common in his work, say, on I Used to Love You here, he is not playing it safe, coasting, or being trite.
A Rock Cast in the Sea
Authors: Williams Martin
Published: November 2023

In the thirties, it used to be said that the blues were (in the phrase of the times) “social protest.” Some of blues are, but comparatively few.

The blues, on the whole, deal with universals —the things all men in all times experience and have to come to terms with; things that no man ever escapes, regardless of his circumstances. That is probably the highest tribute one could pay to them —higher still when we remember what grinding circumstances surrounded most of the blues singers as they conceived their songs.
Whir-r-r-r
Authors: Williams Martin
Published: November 2023

At 4:00 p.m. on a quiet Friday afternoon this fall, a group gathered at the Olmstead Recording Studio to record Jimmy Giuffre’s new trio. Besides the leader and his clarinet, there was pianist Paul Bley, a decidedly inner-directed man whose heavy sandals clacked noisily on the steel ladder connecting the studio and the control booth. (“Olmstead, get that sound on the record!” a visitor suggested.) And there was bassist Steve Swallow, barely dry behind the ears professionallybut it is said those young ears are already among the fastest in jazz.
Stitt in the Studio
Authors: Williams Martin
Published: November 2023

Alto saxophonist Sonny Stitt was one of the first jazzmen to grasp Charlie Parker’s style, and he had apparently recognized an aesthetic kinship with Parker long before most followers of jazz had heard of either man. His absorption of Parker’s ideas is so complete that, as one commentator has put it, Stitt is the kind of player who refutes every concept we have about originality, even personal expression, in jazz. Yet Stitt plays with spontaneity, involvement, and conviction. If he lacks Parker’s brilliance and his daring quickness of imagination in rhythm, harmony, and melody, Stitt nevertheless is not playing an imitation, and his work is far from pastiche or popularization. He simply finds his own voice in Parker’s musical language. He may construct a solo almost entirely out of Parker’s ideas, but he will play them so as to convince you that he discovered each of them for himself. As if to give a final contradiction, Stitt also plays tenor, usually in different, somewhat simpler style, but with no less effectiveness. By almost all we profess to believe about jazz, it cannot be. But it is.
Blues Night
Authors: Williams Martin
Published: November 2023

By 8:30 p.m. the vibrant sound of live musiic can be heard at the top of a wide staircase on 125th Street near Fifth Avenue that leads down to the Celebrity Club. The piece is a medium blues with the strong flavor of the Southwest and Kansas City, circa 1938.
King Oliver in New York*
Authors: Williams Martin
Published: November 2023

That is how I learned to distinguish the differences between Buddy Bolden, King Oliver, and Bunk Johnson To me Joe Oliver’s tone was as good as Bunk’s. And he had such range and such wonderful creations in his soul! He created some of the most famous phrases you hear today and trends to work from. Joseph Oliver was “King” in New Orleans, not only because trombonist Kid Ory gave him the title as a billing but also because musically he was king. Later, in Chicago, even before Armstrong joined him, Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band was celebrated for its leader’s style, its excellent ensemble work, and its deep feeling. In the late twenties, Oliver, as leader of the Savannah Syncopators, had a couple of hit recordings.
Louis Armstrong and Earl Hines, 1928*
Authors: Williams Martin
Published: November 2023

These thirty-two performances featuring trumpeter Louis Armstrong and pianist Earl Hines are the recorded result of one of the most important, fruitful, and influential collaborations in American music. Indeed, it is not enough to say that their effect reached every corner of our musical culture (of whatever supposed genre), for their influence was worldwide.
The Modern Jazz Quartet: Plastic Dreams*
Authors: Williams Martin
Published: November 2023

If this LP were nothing else (it’s a lot else), it would be evidence of the enviable, rewarding durability of perhaps the most illustrious small ensemble in jazz history. Think about it: the Modern Jazz Quartet has been with us for nearly twenty years. No other small ensemble of relatively stable personnel has had such a sustained career. Indeed, no other jazz ensemble of any size except the Duke Ellington orchestra.
Grove American II: A Letter to a Friend
Authors: Williams Martin
Published: November 2023

I have continued to ponder your comments on Grove American, and frankly I continue to be puzzled by them. You say that the editors have chosen a broad scope for the book, and they have, but then you appear to be saying that critics, journalists, and other reviewers (including academics) may prove to be opposed to that decision. Gary Giddins in his review in the Village Voice is upset on the basis of length and proportion awarded to certain rock stars, and because of outstanding omissions in the jazz, blues, and popular entries. He is not opposed to the presence of other kinds of entries. He says, in effect, that the editors failed in the premise they set for themselves. I agree, and I add that they show themselves ignorant of some of the very ways Americans make music, and of the importance and significance of those ways throughout the world-perhaps an even greater failure.
Curves and Competence
Authors: Silverstein Brett , Perlick Deborah
Published: November 2023

Actress Lillian Russell may have been the most popular sex symbol this nation has ever known. From the early 1880s to the late 1890s, the shows she starred in were often sold out, newspaper gossip columns overflowed with details of her life, and her photograph frequently graced major magazines. At the height of her popularity, one Western coal miner shot a friend who had the effrontery to claim Lillian Russell was not the most beautiful woman in the world. She was even selected to make the first public long-distance telephone call, singing in New York City to President Grover Cleveland who sat listening in the White House. Her popularity rested on her beauty. One columnist wrote unabashedly, “She looks like Venus after her bath,” while another gushed, “If Lillian Russell does not cease to take on new phases of beauty every month or so, there will be no reason why the flowers of Spring should bloom.” Even a half-century later, the New York Timesdescribed her as “the raging beauty of her period.”A modern audience, overexposed to media hype, might not be surprised at the adulation accorded Miss Russell but for one detail: By today’s standards, Lillian Russell was plump. Recalling a pilgrimage to New Haven he made to see Lillian Russell appearing in a play, Clarence Day wrote in the Saturday Evening Post.