bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical description for nonlinear dynamic light scattering based on stimulated Raman effect (NLDLS‐SRS)
Authors: Seto Keisuke , Kobayashi Takayoshi , Tokunaga Eiji
Published: April 2023

Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a method to analyze the diffusion constant and mesostructure of colloidal systems based on refractive index fluctuations. For example, DLS evaluates particle size distribution, particle drift velocity, and the typical length of the cooperative diffusion in gels. However, DLS inherently lacks chemical sensitivity since it detects the spatial Fourier component of the refractive index at the scattering vector (q). This work theoretically demonstrates the feasibility of nonlinear dynamic light scattering (NLDLS) of stimulated Raman effect that reflects molecular vibration. Specifically, we show that by interfering with two pump beams (in the pump‐probe method terminology), it is possible to extract the spatial Fourier component of the imaginary part of the third‐order nonlinear susceptibility. Here, the phase modulation of either of the two beams is effective for mode‐selective detection of the Fourier component. The difference in the wavevectors of these beams corresponds to q in DLS. The result is the same as DLS in mesostructural sensitivity but has a molecular vibration selectivity. The proposed assay in the present paper enables qualitative and chemical‐structure analysis of the colloidal systems without labeling and size differentiation in a mesopic regime.
Resveratrol protects against cadmium‐induced cerebrum toxicity through modifications of the cytochrome P450 enzyme system in microsomes
Authors: Lv Mei‐Wei , Zhang Cong , Ge Jing , Sun Xiao‐Han , Li Jin‐Yang , Li Jin‐Long
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND

Cadmium (Cd), known as a vital contaminant in the environment, penetrates the blood–brain barrier and accumulates in the cerebrum. Acute toxicosis of Cd, which leads to lethal cerebral edema, intracellular accumulation and cellular dysfunction, remains to be illuminated with regard to the exact molecular mechanism of cerebral toxicity. Resveratrol (RES), present in the edible portions of numerous plants, is a simply acquirable and correspondingly less toxic natural compound with neuroprotective potential, which provides some theoretical bases for antagonizing Cd‐induced cerebral toxicity.

RESULTS

This work was executed to research the protective effects of RES against Cd‐induced toxicity in chicken cerebrum. Markedly, these lesions were increased in the Cd group, which also exhibited a thinner cortex, reduced granule cells, vacuolar degeneration, and an enlarged medullary space in the cerebrum. Furthermore, Cd induced CYP450 enzyme metabolism disorders by disrupting the nuclear xenobiotic receptor response (NXRs), enabling the cerebrum to reduce the ability to metabolize exogenous substances, eventually leading to Cd accumulation. Meanwhile, accumulated Cd promoted oxidative damage and synergistically promoted the damage to neurons and glial cells.

CONCLUSION

RES initiated NXRs (especially for aromatic receptor and pregnancy alkane X receptor), decreasing the expression of CYP450 genes, changing the content of CYP450, maintaining CYP450 enzyme normal activities, and exerting antagonistic action against the Cd‐induced abnormal response of nuclear receptors. These results suggest that the cerebrum toxicity caused by Cd was reduced by pretreatment with RES. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Lifestyle‐Produkte statt Lebensmittel
Authors: Lachenmeier Dirk , Walch Stephan
Published: April 2023

Die Regelungen der Europäischen Union zu neuartigen Lebensmitteln verhindern einerseits, in Krisenzeiten schnell zu reagieren und beispielsweise traditionelle Kohlenhydrat‐ und Proteinquellen durch Agrarprodukte aus Drittländern zu ergänzen. Andererseits verhindern die EU‐Regelungen nicht, dass Nahrungsergänzungsmittel ungeprüft auf den Markt kommen.
Holistic fleet optimization incorporating system design considerations
Authors: Henry Stephen M. , Hoffman Matthew J. , Waddell Lucas A. , Muldoon Frank M.
Published: April 2023

The methodology described in this article enables a type of holistic fleet optimization that simultaneously considers the composition and activity of a fleet through time as well as the design of individual systems within the fleet. Often, real‐world system design optimization and fleet‐level acquisition optimization are treated separately due to the prohibitive scale and complexity of each problem. This means that fleet‐level schedules are typically limited to the inclusion of predefined system configurations and are blind to a rich spectrum of system design alternatives. Similarly, system design optimization often considers a system in isolation from the fleet and is blind to numerous, complex portfolio‐level considerations. In reality, these two problems are highly interconnected. To properly address this system‐fleet design interdependence, we present a general method for efficiently incorporating multi‐objective system design trade‐off information into a mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP) fleet‐level optimization. This work is motivated by the authors' experience with large‐scale DOD acquisition portfolios. However, the methodology is general to any application where the fleet‐level problem is a MILP and there exists at least one system having a design trade space in which two or more design objectives are parameters in the fleet‐level MILP.
Surgical considerations in the management of short bowel syndrome
Authors: Mercer David F.
Published: April 2023

Patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) are optimally managed in centers of expertise with dedicated multidisciplinary intestinal failure (IF) teams. Over the life of a patient with SBS, many different surgical concerns may arise requiring intervention. These can range from reasonably simple procedures, such as the creation or maintenance of gastrostomy tube and enterostomies, to complex reconstructions of multiple enterocutaneous fistulas or the performance of intestine‐containing transplants. This review will cover the development of a surgeon's role on the IF team; common surgical issues arising in patients with SBS, with a focus on decision‐making rather than technique; and, finally, a brief overview of transplantation and some related decision‐making issues.
Maximizing value in healthcare partnerships: A case examining an inter‐organizational relationship in the public and non‐profit sectors
Authors: Carlini Joan , Lehman Kim , Dharmesti Maria , Knox Kathy
Published: April 2023

Healthcare organizations around the world are striving to find the right balance between using their resources effectively and providing personalized care to patients. Health care is shifting from a reactive, towards a more person‐centric approach to improve health outcomes. To achieve quality improvements and efficiencies, health care organizations are forming inter‐organizational relationships. Despite the benefits, little is known about how organizations capture value from strategic partnership. In this context, this paper aims to examine the processes that occur as part of a public and non‐profit sector relationship within health care that directly relate to how the partnering organization acts to capture value. Using a qualitative case study of an Australian public‐sector health service partnership, the study employs a value mapping framework to distinguish between different types of value (captured, missed, destroyed, and opportunity), and presents an integrated model consisting of three process phases: (1) inter‐organizational cooperation effort, (2) organizational effect, and (3) social value. The study highlights the potential for negative and unintended consequences and discusses implications for management.
Polyethylene glycol dictates the therapeutic response (anticancer and wound healing) of silver oxide nanomaterials
Authors: Abbas Muhammad Khawar , Javed Yasir , Jamil Yasir , Shahid Muhammad
Published: April 2023

In this study, polymer (polyethylene glycol [PEG] and Chitosan)‐coated silver oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have been prepared by hydrothermal method. The polymer‐encapsulated NPs are characterized by materials‐related characterization techniques such as X‐Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis), photoluminescence (PL), and Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The crystallite size of silver oxide NPs is 43.39 nm and reduces to 34.56 nm and 30.43 nm for PEG and Chitosan functionalized NPs, respectively. SEM micrographs show the spherical morphology of the synthesized nanomaterials with the grain size of pristine, PEG, and Chitosan functionalized silver oxide NPs as 60.9 ± 14.1, 70.9 ± 10.3, and 57.2 ± 7.8 nm, respectively. The band gap of silver oxide NPs increases upon polymer functionalization. PEGlyation of silver oxide NPs has enhanced its anticancer potential significantly against liver cancer cell line (HuH‐7), shows least cell viability, and IC50 value is as low as 0.106 μg/mL and in the case of Chitosan coating 4.505 μg/mL. The antibacterial properties and biofilm inhibition are investigated against bacterial extracts of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The polymer‐coated silver oxide NPs have shown enhanced antibacterial potential against both S. aureus and E. coli. CAM assay is used to evaluate the wound‐healing ability of nanomaterials. Alginate gels incorporated with NPs have promoted wound healing. Our results revealed that the surface modification by PEG and Chitosan improved the therapeutic potential of silver oxide NPs.
Composition‐Controlled Laser‐Induced Alloying of Colloidal Au–Cu Hetero Nanoparticles
Authors: Kranz Daniel , Bessel Patrick , Rosebrock Marina , Niemeyer Max , Dorfs Dirk
Published: April 2023

Due to their optical properties (localized surface plasmon resonance, LSPR), colloidally dispersed metal nanoparticles are well suited for selective heating by high‐energy laser radiation above their melting point without being limited by the boiling point of the solvent, which represents an excellent complement to wet‐chemical nanoparticle synthesis. By combining wet‐chemical synthesis and postsynthesis laser treatment, the advantages of both methods can be used to specifically control the properties of nanoparticles. Especially in the colloidal synthesis of nanoalloys consisting of two or more metals with different redox potentials, wet‐chemical synthesis quickly reaches its limits in terms of composition control and homogeneity. For this reason, the direct synthesis path is divided into two parts to take the strengths of both methods. After preparing Au–Cu hetero nanoparticles by wet‐chemical synthesis, nanoalloys with previous adjusted composition can be formed by postsynthesis laser treatment. The formation of these nanoalloys can be followed by different characterization methods, such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), where the fusion of both metal domains and the formation of spherical and homogeneous Au–Cu nanoparticles can be observed. Moreover, the alloy formation can be followed by different shifts of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) reflections and LSPR maxima depending on the composition.
Statistical inference for multi stress–strength reliability based on progressive first failure with lifetime inverse Lomax distribution and analysis of transformer insulation data
Authors: Ramadan Dina A. , Almetwally Ehab M. , Tolba Ahlam H.
Published: April 2023

This research aims to develop a multireliability inference method for stress–strength variables based on progressive first failure and an inverse Lomax distribution. This research examines the difficulties associated with estimating the stress–strength reliability function, R, when X, Y, and Z are drawn from three different Inverse Lomax distributions. On the basis of progressive first‐failure censored samples, reliability estimators for multi‐stress–strength Inverse Lomax distributions are estimated using the maximum likelihood, maximum product of spacing, and Bayesian estimation methods. The Bayes estimate of R is obtained using the MCMC method for a symmetric loss function. Monte Carlo simulations and real‐data applications are used to assess and compare the performance of the various suggested estimators.
Direct Visualization of the Dynamic Process of Epsilon Toxin on Hemolysis
Authors: Ji Bin , Huang Jianxiang , Zou Kexuan , Liu Meijun , Pei Yufeng , Huang Jing , Wang Yong , Wang Jinglin , Zhou Ruhong , Xin Wenwen , Song Jie
Published: April 2023

Hemolysis is the process of rupturing erythrocytes (red blood cells) by forming nanopores on their membranes using hemolysins, which then impede membrane permeability. However, the self‐assembly process before the state of transmembrane pores and underlying mechanisms of conformational change are not fully understood. In this work, theoretical and experimental evidence of the pre‐pore morphology of Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (ETX), a typical hemolysin, is provided using in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) complemented by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to detect the conformational distribution of different states in Mica. The AFM suggests that the ETX pore is formed in two stages: ETX monomers first attach to the membrane and form a pre‐pore in no special conditions required, which then undergo a conformational change to form a transmembrane pore at temperatures above the critical point in the presence of receptors. The authors’ MD simulations reveal that initial nucleation occurs when specific amino acids adsorb to negatively charged mica cavities. This work fills the knowledge gap in understanding the early stage of hemolysis and the oligomerization of hemolysins. Moreover, the newly identified pre‐pore of ETX holds promise as a candidate for nanopore applications.
Former Athletes' Illness Stories of Brain Injuries: Suspected Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy and the Entanglement of Never‐Aging Masculinities
Authors: Simonetto Deana , Tucsok Michelle
Published: April 2023

Examining former athletes' health‐related beliefs and behaviors on the long‐term effects of concussions and potentially developing chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) offers a domain to understand how men renegotiate their masculinities. In this paper, we explore how the cultural production of the concussion crisis shapes the ways in which men athletes make sense of self and their masculinity in the face of declining health. Drawing on in‐depth interviews with 27 male, former athletes, this article examines the multiple ways in which gender shapes their experience and treatment of traumatic brain injuries or suspected CTE. We show how men are re‐negotiating their aging masculinities through illness narratives and how the cultural production of the concussion crisis in sports shapes these narratives. We break down our analysis into three sections: (1) reflections of chaos narratives and stories of never‐aging masculinities, (2) the ways the concussion crisis shapes their restitution narratives, and (3) quest narratives combining never‐aging and aging masculinities. Whether or not these athletes have or are treated for CTE, we argue that they reformulate their masculinity to regain control over their manhood and to feel a sense of relief.
The Edmonton Classification System for Cancer Pain in Patients with Bone Metastasis: a descriptive cohort study
Authors: Sulistio Merlina , Ling Natalie , Finkelstein Tara , Tee Hoong Jiun , Gorelik Alexandra , Kissane David , Michael Natasha
Published: April 2023

Purpose

We describe the prevalence of the Edmonton Classification System for Cancer Pain (ECS-CP) features in patients with bone metastasis and cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) and the relationship between ECS-CP features, pain intensity, and opioid consumption.

Methods

We assessed ECS-CP features and recoded pain mechanisms and opioid use in adult patients with bone metastasis. Validated measures were used to assess pain intensity, incident pain, psychological distress, addictive behavior, and cognition.

Results

Among 147 eligible patients, 95.2% completed the assessment. Mean participant age was 73.2 years, the majority female (52.1%) with breast cancer occurring most commonly (25.7%). One or more ECS-CP features were present in 96.4% and CIBP in 75.7% of patients. The median average and worst pain scores were 3 and 6, respectively. Neuropathic pain was the most prevalent pain mechanism (45.0%) and was associated with breakthrough pain frequency (p=0.014). Three-quarters had incident pain, which was strongly associated with a higher average and worst pain scores (3.5 and 7, p<0.001 for both), background oral morphine equivalent daily dose (26.7mg, p=0.005), and frequency of daily breakthrough analgesia (1.7 doses/day, p=0.007). Psychological distress (n=90, 64.3%) was associated with a significantly higher average pain score (4, p=0.009) and a slightly higher worst pain score (7, p=0.054). Addictive behaviour and cognitive dysfunction were relatively uncommon (18.6% and 12.9%, respectively).

Conclusion

There is a need to promote standardized assessment and classification of pain syndromes such as CIBP. The ECS-CP may allow us to consider CIBP in a systematic manner and develop personalized pain interventions appropriate to the pain profile.

Trial registration

Retrospectively registered in ANZCTR ACTRN12622000853741 (16/06/2022)
Same film, different audio descriptions: describing foreign films from a functional perspective
Authors: Mazur Iwona
Published: April 2023

The article discusses a functional approach to audio describing foreign films. First, a functional model of audio description (AD) is outlined, aimed at identifying functional priorities in audio-visual content with a view to determining AD macro- and micro-strategies. Second, the skopos theory is discussed and its principles adapted for AD purposes, by proposing four rules that stand in a hierarchical order: the Skopos rule (i.e. the fact that AD should be determined by its purpose), the cohesion rule (i.e. that the AD should be internally coherent as a text), the coherence rule (i.e. that the AD should be coherent for the target audience given their presupposed background knowledge and socio-cultural circumstances), and the correspondence rule (i.e. that there should be intersemiotic coherence between the source text and the AD). Then, the article presents a case study in which it is demonstrated how the functional aspects may have an impact on the audio describer’s choices both in terms of content and form of AD, and how one film may have different ADs depending on its target audiences and the intended purposes. All in all, it is argued that functionalism in general and the skopos theory in particular as applied to AD provide a theoretical conceptualisation of AD, but more importantly, may serve as a practical tool for effective audio description as well as translation of AD scripts.
Stresses between die and slug in blanking and their significance for slug pulling
Authors: Welm Markus , Kindsmüller Alexander , Tröber Philipp , Dröse Lukas , Volk Wolfram
Published: April 2023

The primary goal when manufacturing components in a blanking process is a high output to achieve good cost efficiency. Therefore, availability needs to be as high as possible. However, several process disturbances like slug pulling increase downtime and thus counteract this aim. Slug pulling is influenced by different forces that trigger the slug being pulled and those that hamper this effect. The predominating hampering force is friction between the slug and the die. Consequently, the influencing factors for this force have to be understood to reliably prevent slug pulling. In this publication, the influence of the die channel geometry on the occurring frictional forces and the part quality when blanking the non-alloy quality steel 1.0338 are investigated. Therefore, experiments with a variation of die channel geometry and punch diameter combined with force measurement are performed. Furthermore, a numeric simulation model based on the experimental results is used to investigate various die channels. The results enhance the knowledge about correlations between process parameters, slug properties, like slug deflection, and frictional forces and help to reliably prevent slug pulling.
Differentiated Papillary NUT Carcinoma: An Unexpected, Deceptively Bland Presentation of a Sinonasal Carcinoma
Authors: Wartenberg Martin , Hool Sara-Lynn , Marrazzini Andrea , Giger Roland , Rupp Niels J.
Published: April 2023

Background

In recent years, the list of tumor entities in the sinonasal tract has significantly expanded, requiring advanced diagnostic testing. We report the case of a 32-year-old patient with an unusual NUT carcinoma originating in the maxillary sinus, which showed extensive well-differentiated, papillary squamous morphology, similar to the spectrum of the recently described DEK::AFF2 fusion-associated carcinoma.

Methods

We performed immunohistochemical and molecular studies including EBV- and HPV-testing, as well as DNA/RNA next generation sequencing.

Results

The tumor showed predominantly exophytic papillary growth with mature squamous differentiation. An additional component harbored atypical, less differentiated basaloid tumor cells with infiltration of the adjacent stroma. Conspicuous inflammation was evident. There was no evidence of HPV DNA or EBV RNA. Next-generation sequencing revealed a NUT::NSD3 gene fusion corresponding to (“speckled-type”) immunopositivity of NUT in the tumor cells.

Conclusions

We describe a NUT::NSD3 gene fusion-associated NUT carcinoma of the sinonasal tract with a deceptively well-differentiated papillary growth pattern, thus expanding the morphological spectrum of this typically poorly differentiated neoplasm.
Lessons learned in adjuvant colorectal cancer
Authors: Schmalfuss Theresa , Taghizadeh Hossein
Published: April 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent malignancies. While adjuvant fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy has been established as standard of care for patients with stage III disease, its value and role are still uncertain for stage II disease. This review discusses the usefulness of adjuvant therapy in both stages and highlights the use of liquid biopsy via circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) for the assessment of minimal residual disease which will shape the therapy decision for adjuvant treatment in future.
An increase in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes after treatment is significantly associated with a poor response to neoadjuvant endocrine therapy for estrogen receptor-positive/HER2-negative breast cancers
Authors: Fukui Reiko , Watanabe Takahiro , Morimoto Koji , Fujimoto Yukie , Nagahashi Masayuki , Ishikawa Eri , Hirota Seiichi , Miyoshi Yasuo
Published: April 2023

Background

The reason for the poor prognosis of estrogen receptor (ER) + /human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)− breast cancer patients with high levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is poorly understood. The association between TILs and response to neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) was examined.

Methods

We recruited 170 patients with ER + /HER2− breast cancer who were treated with preoperative endocrine monotherapy. TILs were evaluated before and after NET, and their changes were noted. Furthermore, T cell subtypes were examined using CD8 and FOXP3 immunohistochemical analyses. Neutrophil and lymphocyte counts in the peripheral blood were analyzed with reference to TIL levels or changes. Responders were defined as Ki67 expression levels ≤ 2.7% after treatment.

Results

Post-treatment (p = 0.016), but not pre-treatment (p = 0.464), TIL levels were significantly associated with the response to NET. TIL levels increased significantly after treatment among non-responders (p = 0.001). FOXP3 + T cell counts increased significantly after treatment in patients with increased TILs (p = 0.035), but not in those without increased TILs (p = 0.281). Neutrophil counts decreased significantly after treatment in patients without increased TILs (p = 0.026), but not in patients with increased TILs (p = 0.312).

Conclusion

An increase in TILs after NET was significantly associated with a poor response to NET. Given that FOXP3 + T-cell counts increased, and neutrophil counts did not decrease in patients with increased TILs after NET, the induction of an immunosuppressive microenvironment was speculated to play a role in the inferior efficacy. These data might partially indicate the involvement of the immune response in the efficacy of endocrine therapy.
The Relationships between the Hope Dimensions of Agency Thinking and Pathways Thinking With Depression and Anxiety: a Meta-Analysis
Authors: Corrigan Jordan A. , Schutte Nicola S.
Published: April 2023

Lack of hope may be important in the development and progression of depression and anxiety. Hope theory holds that hope has two cognitive components, agency thinking and pathways thinking. The aim of this meta-analytic study was to consolidate the results of studies investigating the relationships between agency thinking and pathways thinking with depression and anxiety Results showed that across studies both higher levels of agency and pathways thinking were associated with less depression and less anxiety. The weighted effect sizes for agency thinking were r = -.391 for depression and r = -.259 for anxiety. The weighted effect sizes for pathways thinking were r = -.328 for depression and r = -.206 for anxiety. The effect size for the association of agency thinking with depression was substantially larger than the effect size for the association of pathways thinking for depression. Agency thinking and pathways thinking were both more strongly associated with depression than anxiety. The agency thinking association with depression and anxiety increased in strength with age, while pathways thinking did not. The findings suggest that even though both pathways thinking and agency thinking as aspects of hope play important roles in relation to depression and anxiety, agency thinking may be especially pivotal. Future research can build on these results with experimental designs to generate causal findings and investigate ways to enhance agency thinking and pathways thinking as a means to reduce depression and anxiety.
Sources of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exposure among healthcare personnel (HCP) in a large tertiary-care medical center
Authors: Shaw Jana , Suits Paul , Steigerwald Heidi , Thomas Stephen J. , Formica Margaret K.
Published: April 2023

Objectives:

To describe the burden and sources of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among healthcare personnel (HCP), such as occupational role, work setting, vaccination status, and patient contact between March 2020 through May 2022.

Design:

Active prospective surveillance.

Setting:

Large tertiary-care teaching institution with inpatient and ambulatory care services.

Results:

We identified 4,430 cases among HCPs between March 1, 2020, through May 31, 2022. The median age of this cohort was 37 years (range, 18–89); 2,840 (64.1%) were female; and 2,907 (65.6%) were white. Most of the infected HCP were in the general medicine department, followed by ancillary departments and support staff. Less than 10% of HCP SARS-CoV-2–positive cases worked on a COVID-19 unit. Of the reported SARS-CoV-2 exposures, 2,571 (58.0%) were from an unknown source, 1,185 (26.8%) were from a household source, 458 (10.3%) were from a community source, and 211 (4.8%) were healthcare exposures. A higher proportion of cases with reported healthcare exposures was vaccinated with only 1 or 2 doses, whereas a higher proportion of cases with reported household exposure was vaccinated and boosted, and a higher proportion of community cases with reported and unknown exposures were unvaccinated (P < .0001). HCP exposure to SARS-CoV-2 correlated with community-level transmission regardless of type of reported exposure.

Conclusions:

The healthcare setting was not an important source of perceived COVID-19 exposure among our HCPs. Most HCPs were not able to definitively identify the source of their COVID-19, followed by suspected household and community exposures. HCP with community or unknown exposure were more likely to be unvaccinated.
Healthcare personnel interactive pathogen exposure response system
Authors: Smith Leigh L. , Fallon Susan A. , Virk Zunaira Q. , Salinas Alejandra B. , Curless Melanie S. , Cosgrove Sara E. , Maragakis Lisa L. , Rock Clare , Klein Eili Y. ,   for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: April 2023

Exposure investigations are labor intensive and vulnerable to recall bias. We developed an algorithm to identify healthcare personnel (HCP) interactions from the electronic health record (EHR), and we evaluated its accuracy against conventional exposure investigations. The EHR algorithm identified every known transmission and used ranking to produce a manageable contact list.
Risk-factor analysis for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase–producing Enterobacterales colonization or infection: Evaluation of a novel approach to assess local prevalence as a risk factor
Authors: Cherian Jerald P. , Cosgrove Sara E. , Haghpanah Fardad , Klein Eili Y. ,   for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Prevention Epicenters Program and the Modeling Infectious Diseases in Healthcare Network
Published: April 2023

Objective:

To explore an approach to identify the risk of local prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) on ESBL-E colonization or infection and to reassess known risk factors.

Design:

Case–control study.

Setting:

Johns Hopkins Health System emergency departments (EDs) in the Baltimore–Washington, DC, region.

Patients:

Patients aged ≥18 years with a culture growing Enterobacterales between April 2019 and December 2021. Cases had a culture growing an ESBL-E.

Methods:

Addresses were linked to Census Block Groups and placed into communities using a clustering algorithm. Prevalence in each community was estimated using the proportion of ESBL-E among Enterobacterales isolates. Logistic regression was used to determine risk factors for ESBL-E colonization or infection.

Results:

ESBL-E were detected in 1,167 of 11,224 patients (10.4%). Risk factors included a history of ESBL-E in the prior 6 months (aOR, 20.67; 95% CI, 13.71–31.18), exposure to a skilled nursing or long-term care facility (aOR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.37–1.96), exposure to a third-generation cephalosporin (aOR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.46–2.19), exposure to a carbapenem (aOR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.68–3.18), or exposure to a trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (aOR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.06–2.25) within the prior 6 months. Patients were at lower risk if their community had a prevalence <25th percentile in the prior 3 months (aOR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.71–0.98), 6 months (aOR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.71–0.98), or 12 months (aOR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.68–0.95). There was no association between being in a community in the >75th percentile and the outcome.

Conclusions:

This method of defining the local prevalence of ESBL-E may partially capture differences in the likelihood of a patient having an ESBL-E.
Keeping you in the dark: the Bastille archives and police secrecy in eighteenth-century France
Authors: Bauer Nicole
Published: April 2023

During the French Revolution, the Bastille prison had become synonymous with abuses of power and government secrecy. The Paris police had long exercised secrecy in its operations, but in the eighteenth century, they became a target of the revolutionaries as the most visible arm of a government that was seen as opaque but intrusive. Both the growing power of the modernising state and the rise of public opinion in this period contributed to changing attitudes towards government secrecy and to the valorisation of transparency in the political culture of the Revolution.
Afterword: hidden beauty
Authors: Gordin Michael D.
Published: April 2023

People love a secret, as long as they are in on it. One might even argue that historians are more attracted to secrecy than the average scholar, or average individual, in that the tools we have for unearthing documentation from the past regularly trawl up long-dormant secrets. At one time, someone may have died to preserve this secret; for me, it is lying accessible in an archive. The challenge is not reading the secret – it is crafting an argument and a narrative that would make others care for this once tightly-held confidence. This fascination of access to privileged information, to being (whether licitly or not) in the know, and the rich texture that hidden material provides, partly explains the recurrent historiographical attention to secrecy. Historians get to have both secrecy and transparency at once, at least in many cases where the precious documents survive and are not still locked behind the classificatory walls of national-security states or profit-seeking megacorporations.
X-ray powder diffraction data for ESP15228, C19H34O5, a bempedoic acid metabolite
Authors: Zampieri Massimo , Barreca Guseppe , Masciocchi Norberto
Published: April 2023

X-ray powder diffraction data, including unit cell parameters and space group assignment, for the ESP15228 species of C19H34O5 formula, are here reported [a = 6.0434(6), b = 12.2543(6), c = 14.0285(8) Å, α = 86.584(3), β = 85.707(10), γ = 78.801(5)°, V = 1015.2(1) Å3, Z = 2, ρcalc = 1.152 g cm−3, and space group P-1]. All measured lines were indexed and no detectable impurities were observed.
A compact and economical AMC backed antenna solution for wearable biomedical applications
Authors: Yadav Mohit , Ali Muquaddar , Yadav R. P.
Published: April 2023

A rectangular monopole antenna with an extended ground, excited by Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) and backed by a 6 × 6 array of fractal artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) unit cells, resonating at 5.8 GHz in Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band, is presented in this manuscript. To attain the objective of proposing a compact and economical antenna solution for employment in wearable biomedical domain, a novel approach of utilizing both surfaces of the same dielectric for engraving antenna element as well as AMC array is adopted. It results in the elimination of layers of expensive substrate (RO3003) and of thick separator (foam) between antenna and AMC array. During measurement in open space, the proposed antenna system exhibited an impedance bandwidth of 570 MHz with a gain of 7.9 dBi. While a total realized gain of 7.5 dBi, amounting to a gain enhancement of about 3 dB as compared to that of monopole alone, is observed when the integrated antenna system is placed just over a three-layer rectangular human body equivalent model. Specific absorption rate values, as calculated at 5.8 GHz and averaged over 1 and 10 g of human tissue, are 0.0117 and 0.00244 W/kg, respectively. Obtained results strongly advocate the use of the proposed antenna system in smart wearable healthcare devices.
The Moho Architecture and Its Role for Isostasy—Insights From the Lofoten‐Vesterålen Rifted Margin, Norway
Authors: Schiffer Christian , Rondenay Stéphane , Ottemöller Lars , Drottning Anne
Published: April 2023

The crustal structure of the Nordland and Troms region, Norway, has received growing scientific attention because (a) the region is one of the most seismically active areas of mainland Norway, and (b) there are differing interpretations of the crustal structure but none of the proposed models simultaneously satisfy gravity, topography and crustal isostasy. At the core of the puzzle is the Lofoten‐Vesterålen archipelago, which exhibits considerable variations in crustal thickness, seemingly inconsistent with the topographic expression along this geomorphic structure. The prevalent view has been that the crust beneath the southern Lofoten is extremely thin (∼20 km). This has recently been disputed. Here, we address this debate by producing new lithospheric models in the region from joint inversion of receiver functions and P‐wave polarizations at 62 seismic stations. Our results are consistent with the regional trends from other models, including a shallow Moho in the southern Lofoten. Moreover, our results detect a low‐velocity layer in the uppermost mantle, which appears to be highly relevant to isostasy in the region. We conclude that the crustal structure in the region may not be as controversial as the recent debate suggested. What appears more urgent to understand is how the concept of isostasy is defined, and how it relates to the layered structure of the lithosphere. In particular, our findings emphasize the importance of conceptualizing the Moho as a transition zone with considerable thickness and internal structural variations, rather than a simple velocity discontinuity.
Dating the World’s Tallest Trees
Authors: Kornei Katherine
Published: April 2023

Scientists analyzed more than 1.2 million trees to assemble chronologies of annually dated rings, which will inform fields ranging from climate science to seismology.
Outcome analysis of infrapatellar fat pad partial resection or preservation in patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Wen Yixin , Xu Feng , Liu Yang , Zhi Kaining , Tan Junfeng , Jiang Yong , Li Minghui , Zhang Hui
Published: April 2023

The infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) is one of the structures surrounding the knee joint that obscures exposure in minimally arthroscopy anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Most surgeons excise the partial fat pad for better exposure of the knee. However, whether removal of IPFP in ACLR remained inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to investigate clinical outcomes of IPFP preservation or resection in patients with primary hamstring-graft ACLR. A total of 104 patients were assigned to receive either IPFP-R (n = 55) or IPFP-P (n = 49). There were no significant preoperative differences between the two groups. The anterior knee pain (AKP) and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) in the two groups both recovered compared with those at baseline, but the IPFP-P group recovered more significantly at 3-, 6-, 12-month, and 3-, 6-month of follow-up, respectively. When assessing the KOOS subclasses using minimum perceptible clinical improvement (MPCI), patients with IPFP-R failed to make significant improvement at 3 months in the symptoms, pain and sports subsets of the KOOS. Knee-related complications were not significantly different between the two groups, while the resection group had a higher incidence. These results suggested that ACLR with primary hamstring grafts can achieve good effects whether performed with IPFP resection or preservation; however, the improvements in anterior knee pain and knee joint functions are better for the patients with IPFP preservation. Therefore, surgeons should avoid the resection of IPFP as much as possible while fully exposing the wild view to ensure the ACLR.
MagicCubePose, A more comprehensive 6D pose estimation network
Authors: Li Fudong , Gao Dongyang , Huang Qiang , Li Wei , Yang Yuequan
Published: April 2023

Most of the current mainstream 6D pose estimation methods use template or voting-based methods. Such methods are usually multi-stage or have multiple assumptions and post-correction, which will cause a certain degree of information redundancy and increase the computational cost, their real-time detection performance is poor. We point out that traditional path aggregation networks introduce new errors, therefore, we propose a loss function: MagicCubeLoss, a portable module: MagicCubeNet, and the corresponding 6D pose estimation model: MagicCubePose. MagicCubePose has good expansion performance and can build more efficient models for different calculation power and scenarios. Experiments show that our model has good real-time detection performance and the highest ADD(-S) accuracy.
T-cell specific antibody induction versus corticosteroid induction immunosuppression for liver transplant recipients: a meta-analysis
Authors: Jung Woo-Seok , Kuh Jae Hee , Lim Leerang , Yoo Hae Kyung , Ju Jae-Woo , Lee Ho-Jin , Kim Won Ho
Published: April 2023

Corticosteroids remain the mainstay of immunosuppression for liver transplant recipients despite several serious complications including infection, hepatitis C virus (HCV) recurrence, diabetes mellitus (DM), and hypertension. We attempted to compare the safety and efficacy of T-cell specific antibody induction with complete corticosteroid avoidance. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane central library. Randomized controlled trials comparing T-cell specific antibody induction with corticosteroid induction immunosuppression were included. Our primary outcome was the incidence of biopsy-proven acute rejection. Eleven trials involving 1683 patients were included. The incidence of acute rejection was not significantly different between the antibody and steroid induction groups (risk ratio [RR] 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72, 1.01, P = 0.06, I2 = 0%). However, T-cell specific antibody induction significantly reduced the risk of cytomegalovirus infection (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.33, 0.70, P = 0.0002, I2 = 3%), HCV recurrence (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.80, 0.99, P = 0.03, I2 = 0%), DM (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.32, 0.54, P < 0.0001, I2 = 0%) and hypertension (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.55, 0.90, P = 0.005, I2 = 35%). Trial sequential analysis for acute rejection showed that the cumulative z-curve did not cross the Trial sequential boundary and the required information size was not reached. T-cell specific antibody induction compared to corticosteroid induction seems to significantly reduce opportunistic infections including cytomegalovirus infection and HCV recurrence and metabolic complications including DM and hypertension. However, given the insufficient study power, low quality of evidence, and heterogeneous immunosuppressive regimens, our results should be cautiously appreciated.
Aberrant topology of white matter networks in patients with methamphetamine dependence and its application in support vector machine-based classification
Authors: Cheng Ping , Li Yadi , Wang Gaoyan , Dong Haibo , Liu Huifen , Shen Wenwen , Zhou Wenhua
Published: April 2023

Brain white matter (WM) networks have been widely studied in neuropsychiatric disorders. However, few studies have evaluated alterations in WM network topological organization in patients with methamphetamine (MA) dependence. Therefore, using machine learning classification methods to analyze WM network topological attributes may give new insights into patients with MA dependence. In the study, diffusion tensor imaging-based probabilistic tractography was used to map the weighted WM networks in 46 MA-dependent patients and 46 control subjects. Using graph-theoretical analyses, the global and regional topological attributes of WM networks for both groups were calculated and compared to determine inter-group differences using a permutation-based general linear model. In addition, the study used a support vector machine (SVM) learning approach to construct a classifier for discriminating subjects with MA dependence from control subjects. Relative to the control group, the MA-dependent group exhibited abnormal topological organization, as evidenced by decreased small-worldness and modularity, and increased nodal efficiency in the right medial superior temporal gyrus, right pallidum, and right ventromedial putamen; the MA-dependent group had the higher hubness scores in 25 regions, which were mainly located in the default mode network. An SVM trained with topological attributes achieved classification accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and kappa values of 98.09% ± 2.59%, 98.24% ± 4.00%, 97.94% ± 4.26%, and 96.18% ± 5.19% for patients with MA dependence. Our results may suggest altered global WM structural networks in MA-dependent patients. Furthermore, the abnormal WM network topological attributes may provide promising features for the construction of high-efficacy classification models.
Assessment of a multisite standardized biospecimen collection protocol for immune phenotyping in neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Cleary Shane , Teskey Grace , Mathews Craig , Sachachar Russell J. , Nicolson Robert , Weksberg Rosanna , Anagnostou Evdokia , Bowdish Dawn M. E. , Foster Jane A.
Published: April 2023

Multisite collection and preservation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for centralized analysis is an indispensable strategy for large cohort immune phenotyping studies. However, the absence of cross-site standardized protocols introduces unnecessary sample variance. Here we describe the protocol implemented by the Province of Ontario Neurodevelopmental Disorders (POND) Network's immune platform for the multisite collection, processing, and cryopreservation of PBMCs. We outline quality control standards and evaluate the performance of our PBMC processing and storage protocol. We also describe the Child Immune History Questionnaire results, an assessment tool evaluating pre-existing immune conditions in children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Cell viability was assessed in samples from 178 participants based on strict quality control criteria. Overall, 83.1% of samples passed quality control standards. Samples collected and processed at the same site had higher quality control pass rates than samples that were collected and subsequently shipped to another site for processing. We investigated if freezer time impacted sample viability and found no difference in mean freezer time between samples that passed and failed quality control. The Child Immune History Questionnaire had a response rate of 87.1%. The described protocol produces viable samples that may be used in future immune phenotyping experiments.
Structural characterisation of hemagglutinin from seven Influenza A H1N1 strains reveal diversity in the C05 antibody recognition site
Authors: Ghafoori Seyed Mohammad , Petersen Gayle F. , Conrady Deborah G. , Calhoun Brandy M. , Stigliano Matthew Z. Z. , Baydo Ruth O. , Grice Rena , Abendroth Jan , Lorimer Donald D. , Edwards Thomas E. , Forwood Jade K.
Published: April 2023

Influenza virus (IV) causes several outbreaks of the flu each year resulting in an economic burden to the healthcare system in the billions of dollars. Several influenza pandemics have occurred during the last century and estimated to have caused 100 million deaths. There are four genera of IV, A (IVA), B (IVB), C (IVC), and D (IVD), with IVA being the most virulent to the human population. Hemagglutinin (HA) is an IVA surface protein that allows the virus to attach to host cell receptors and enter the cell. Here we have characterised the high-resolution structures of seven IVA HAs, with one in complex with the anti-influenza head-binding antibody C05. Our analysis revealed conserved receptor binding residues in all structures, as seen in previously characterised IV HAs. Amino acid conservation is more prevalent on the stalk than the receptor binding domain (RBD; also called the head domain), allowing the virus to escape from antibodies targeting the RBD. The equivalent site of C05 antibody binding to A/Denver/57 HA appears hypervariable in the other H1N1 IV HAs. Modifications within this region appear to disrupt binding of the C05 antibody, as these HAs no longer bind the C05 antibody by analytical SEC. Our study brings new insights into the structural and functional recognition of IV HA proteins and can contribute to further development of anti-influenza vaccines.