bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental evidence of plasmarons and effective fine structure constant in electron-doped graphene/h-BN heterostructure
Authors: Zhang Hongyun , Wang Shuopei , Wang Eryin , Lu Xiaobo , Li Qian , Bao Changhua , Deng Ke , Zhang Haoxiong , Yao Wei , Chen Guorui , Fedorov Alexei V. , Denlinger Jonathan D. , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Zhang Guangyu , Zhou Shuyun
Published: October 2021

Electron-electron interaction is fundamental in condensed matter physics and can lead to composite quasiparticles called plasmarons, which strongly renormalize the dispersion and carry information of electron-electron coupling strength as defined by the effective fine structure constant $${\alpha }_{ee}^{* }$$

α

e
e

*

. Although h-BN with unique dielectric properties has been widely used as an important substrate for graphene, so far there is no experimental report of plasmarons in graphene/h-BN yet. Here, we report direct experimental observation of plasmaron dispersion in graphene/h-BN heterostructures through angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements upon in situ electron doping. Characteristic diamond-shaped dispersion is observed near the Dirac cone in both 0° (aligned) and 13.5° (twisted) graphene/h-BN, and the electron-electron interaction strength $${\alpha }_{ee}^{* }$$

α

e
e

*

is extracted to be $${\alpha }_{ee}^{* }\approx 0.9\pm 0.1$$

α

e
e

*

≈
0.9
±
0.1

, highlighting the important role of electron-electron interaction. Our results suggest graphene/h-BN as an ideal platform for investigating strong electron-electron interaction with weak dielectric screening, and lays fundamental physics for gate-tunable nano-electronics and nano-plasmonics.
The Simrad EK60 echosounder dataset from the Malaspina circumnavigation
Authors: Irigoien Xabier , Klevjer Thor , Martinez Udane , Boyra Guillermo , Røstad Anders , Wittmann Astrid C. , Duarte Carlos M. , Kaartvedt Stein , Brierley Andrew S. , Proud Roland
Published: October 2021

We provide the raw acoustic data collected from the R/V Hesperides during the global Malaspina 2010 Spanish Circumnavigation Expedition (14th December 2010, Cádiz-14th July 2011, Cartagena) using a Simrad EK60 scientific echosounder operating at 38 and 120 kHz. The cruise was divided into seven legs: leg 1 (14th December 2010, Cádiz-13th January 2011, Rio de Janeiro), leg 2 (17th January 2011, Rio de Janeiro-6th February 2011, Cape Town), leg 3 (11th February 2011, Cape Town-13th March 2011, Perth), leg 4 (17th March 2011, Perth-30th March 2011, Sydney), leg 5 (16th April 2011, Auckland-8th May 2011, Honolulu), leg 6 (13th May 2011, Honolulu-10th June 2011, Cartagena de Indias) and leg 7 (19th June 2011, Cartagena de Indias-14th July 2011, Cartagena). The echosounder was calibrated at the start of the expedition and calibration parameters were updated in the data acquisition software (ER60) i.e., the logged raw data are calibrated. We also provide a data summary of the acoustic data in the form of post-processed products.
Trimethylamine functionalized radiation-induced grafted polyamide 6 fibers for p-nitrophenol adsorption
Authors: M.Saber Shihab Ezzuldin , Abdullah Luqman Chuah , Jamil Siti Nurul Ain Md. , Choong Thomas S. Y. , Ting Teo Ming
Published: October 2021

The method of pre-irradiation grafting was used with the aid of electron beam (EB) accelerator to accomplish the grafting of polyamide 6 fibers (PA6) with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The extent to which GMA was grafted on PA6 was found to be markedly influenced by the absorbed dose of radiation and the reaction time of grafting. Trimethylamine (TMA) was afterwards employed for the functionalization of GMA-grafted fibers (PA6-g-GMA). A range of analyses (e.g., FTIR, FESEM, XRD, BET, and pHpzc) were carried out to determine the physiochemical and morphological properties of the fibrous adsorbent. p-Nitrophenol (PNP) adsorption from aqueous solution was conducted with the resulting TMA-(PA6-g-GMA) adsorbent. The adsorption behaviour of PNP on the fibrous adsorbent was clarified by investigating the adsorption kinetics and isotherm. According to the results, the adsorption of PNP on TMA-(PA6-g-GMA) reflected the pseudo-second order model. Meanwhile, the isotherm analysis revealed that the best description of the equilibrium data was provided by Redlich–Peterson model, followed closely by Langmuir isotherm model. The achieved adsorption capacity was highest at 176.036 mg/g. Moreover, the adsorption was indicated by the thermodynamic analysis to be spontaneous and exothermic. Regeneration and recycling of the adsorbent was possible for a minimum of five cycles with no reduction in adsorption capacity. It was concluded that the fibrous adsorbent could have applications for the removal of PNP at industrial pilot scale.
Acute kidney injury detection using refined and physiological-feature augmented urine output
Authors: Alkhairy Sahar , Celi Leo A. , Feng Mengling , Zimolzak Andrew J.
Published: October 2021

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in the intensive care unit, where it is associated with increased mortality. AKI is often defined using creatinine and urine output criteria. The creatinine-based definition is more reliable but less expedient, whereas the urine output based definition is rapid but less reliable. Our goal is to examine the urine output criterion and augment it with physiological features for better agreement with creatinine-based definitions of AKI. The objectives are threefold: (1) to characterize the baseline agreement of urine output and creatinine definitions of AKI; (2) to refine the urine output criteria to identify the thresholds that best agree with the creatinine-based definition; and (3) to build generalized estimating equation (GEE) and generalized linear mixed-effects (GLME) models with static and time-varying features to improve the accuracy of a near-real-time marker for AKI. We performed a retrospective observational study using data from two independent critical care databases, MIMIC-III and eICU, for critically ill patients who developed AKI in intensive care units. We found that the conventional urine output criterion (6 hr, 0.5 ml/kg/h) has specificity and sensitivity of 0.49 and 0.54 for MIMIC-III database; and specificity and sensitivity of 0.38 and 0.56 for eICU. Secondly, urine output thresholds of 12 hours and 0.6 ml/kg/h have specificity and sensitivity of 0.58 and 0.48 for MIMIC-III; and urine output thresholds of 10 hours and 0.6 ml/kg/h have specificity and sensitivity of 0.49 and 0.48 for eICU. Thirdly, the GEE model of four hours duration augmented with static and time-varying features can achieve a specificity and sensitivity of 0.66 and 0.61 for MIMIC-III; and specificity and sensitivity of 0.66 and 0.64 for eICU. The GLME model of four hours duration augmented with static and time-varying features can achieve a specificity and sensitivity of 0.71 and 0.55 for MIMIC-III; and specificity and sensitivity of 0.66 and 0.60 for eICU. The GEE model has greater performance than the GLME model, however, the GLME model is more reflective of the variables as fixed effects or random effects. The significant improvement in performance, relative to current definitions, when augmenting with patient features, suggest the need of incorporating these features when detecting disease onset and modeling at window-level rather than patient-level.
Spatiotemporal expression of IgLON family members in the developing mouse nervous system
Authors: Fearnley Sydney , Raja Reesha , Cloutier Jean-François
Published: October 2021

Differential expression of cell adhesion molecules in neuronal populations is one of the many mechanisms promoting the formation of functional neural circuits in the developing nervous system. The IgLON family consists of five cell surface immunoglobulin proteins that have been associated with various developmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and major depressive disorder. However, there is still limited and fragmented information about their patterns of expression in certain regions of the developing nervous system and how their expression contributes to their function. Utilizing an in situ hybridization approach, we have analyzed the spatiotemporal expression of all IgLON family members in the developing mouse brain, spinal cord, eye, olfactory epithelium, and vomeronasal organ. At one prenatal (E16) and two postnatal (P0 and P15) ages, we show that each IgLON displays distinct expression patterns in the olfactory system, cerebral cortex, midbrain, cerebellum, spinal cord, and eye, indicating that they likely contribute to the wiring of specific neuronal circuitry. These analyses will inform future functional studies aimed at identifying additional roles for these proteins in nervous system development.
A broad comparative genomics approach to understanding the pathogenicity of Complex I mutations
Authors: Klink Galya V. , O’Keefe Hannah , Gogna Amrita , Bazykin Georgii A. , Elson Joanna L.
Published: October 2021

Disease caused by mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are highly variable in both presentation and penetrance. Over the last 30 years, clinical recognition of this group of diseases has increased. It has been suggested that haplogroup background could influence the penetrance and presentation of disease-causing mutations; however, to date there is only one well-established example of such an effect: the increased penetrance of two Complex I Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy mutations on a haplogroup J background. This paper conducts the most extensive investigation to date into the importance of haplogroup context in the pathogenicity of mtDNA mutations in Complex I. We searched for proven human point mutations across more than 900 metazoans finding human disease-causing mutations and potential masking variants. We found more than a half of human pathogenic variants as compensated pathogenic deviations (CPD) in at least in one animal species from our multiple sequence alignments. Some variants were found in many species, and some were even the most prevalent amino acids across our dataset. Variants were also found in other primates, and in such cases, we looked for non-human amino acids in sites with high probability to interact with the CPD in folded protein. Using this “local interactions” approach allowed us to find potential masking substitutions in other amino acid sites. We suggest that the masking variants might arise in humans, resulting in variability of mutation effect in our species.
Carbon-nanotube yarns induce axonal regeneration in peripheral nerve defect
Authors: Kunisaki Atsushi , Kodama Akira , Ishikawa Masakazu , Ueda Takahiro , Lima Marcio D. , Kondo Takeshi , Adachi Nobuo
Published: October 2021

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are cylindrical nanostructures and have unique properties, including flexibility, electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility. We focused on CNTs fabricated with the carbon nanotube yarns (cYarn) as a possible substrate promoting peripheral nerve regeneration with these properties. We bridged a 15 mm rat sciatic nerve defect with five different densities of cYarn. Eight weeks after the surgery, the regenerated axons crossing the CNTs, electromyographical findings, and muscle weight ratio of the lower leg showed recovery of the nerve function by interfacing with cYarn. Furthermore, the sciatic nerve functional index (SFI) at 16 weeks showed improvement in gait function. A 2% CNT density tended to be the most effective for nerve regeneration as measured by both histological axonal regeneration and motor function. We confirmed that CNT yarn promotes peripheral nerve regeneration by using it as a scaffold for repairing nerve defects. Our results support the future clinical application of CNTs for bridging nerve defects as an off-the-shelf material.
A vascularized tumoroid model for human glioblastoma angiogenesis
Authors: Tatla Agavi Stavropoulou , Justin Alexander W. , Watts Colin , Markaki Athina E.
Published: October 2021

Glioblastoma (GBM) angiogenesis is critical for tumor growth and recurrence, making it a compelling therapeutic target. Here, a disease-relevant, vascularized tumoroid in vitro model with stem-like features and stromal surrounds is reported. The model is used to recapitulate how individual components of the GBM’s complex brain microenvironment such as hypoxia, vasculature-related stromal cells and growth factors support GBM angiogenesis. It is scalable, tractable, cost-effective and can be used with biologically-derived or biomimetic matrices. Patient-derived primary GBM cells are found to closely participate in blood vessel formation in contrast to a GBM cell line containing differentiated cells. Exogenous growth factors amplify this effect under normoxia but not at hypoxia suggesting that a significant amount of growth factors is already being produced under hypoxic conditions. Under hypoxia, primary GBM cells strongly co-localize with umbilical vein endothelial cells to form sprouting vascular networks, which has been reported to occur in vivo. These findings demonstrate that our 3D tumoroid in vitro model exhibits biomimetic attributes that may permit its use as a preclinical model in studying microenvironment cues of tumor angiogenesis.
Finite element simulations of hybrid nano-Carreau Yasuda fluid with hall and ion slip forces over rotating heated porous cone
Authors: Nazir Umar , Sohail Muhammad , Selim Mahmoud M. , Alrabaiah Hussam , Kumam Poom
Published: October 2021

Involvement of hybrid nanoparticles a vital role to improve the efficiency of thermal systems. This report covers the utilization of different nanoparticles mixed in Carreau Yasuda material for the improvement of thermal performance. The configuration of flow situation is considered over a rotating porous cone by considering the Hall and Ion slip forces. Transport of momentum is considered to be in a rotating cone under generalized ohm’s law and heat transfer is presented by considering viscous dissipation, Joule heating and heat generation. Rheology of considered model is derived by engaging the theory proposed by Prandtl. Modeled complex PDEs are reduced into ODEs under similarity transformation. To study the physics behind this phenomenon, solution is essential. Here, FEM (Finite Element Method) is adopted to compute the solution. Furthermore, the grid independent study is reported with several graphs and tables which are prepared to note the influence of involved parameters on thermal and velocity fields. It is worth mentioning that heat transport is controlled via higher radiation parameter and it upsurges for Eckert number. Moreover, Hall and ion slip parameters are considered significant parameters to produce the enhancement in motion of fluid particles but speed of nano and hybrid nanoparticles becomes slow down versus large values of Forchheimer and Weissenberg numbers. Additionally, an enhancement in production of heat energy is addressed via large values of heat generation number and Eckert number while reduction in heat energy is occurred due to positive values of thermal radiation and Hall and ion slip parameters.
The congenital popliteal vasculature patterns in fibular free flap reconstruction by means of surgical anatomy in cadavers
Authors: Ongsiriporn Mathee , Jongpradubgiat Piyawadee , Pisittrakoonporn Sasiprapa , Kongkunnavat Natthapong , Panyaatisin Kosin , Yodrabum Nutcha
Published: October 2021

Fibular free flap (FFF) is frequently used for reconstruction requiring vascularized bone. Thus, understanding its vasculature variation is crucial. This study investigates the popliteal artery branching variations in Thai cadavers and compares them with previous studies. One hundred and sixty-two legs from 81 formalin-embalmed cadavers were dissected. The popliteal artery branching patterns were classified. The previous data retrieved from cadaveric and angiographic studies were also collected and compared with the current study. The most common pattern is type I-A (90.7%). For the variants, type III-A was the majority among variants (6.2%). Type IV-A, hypoplastic peroneal artery, was found in one limb. A symmetrical branching pattern was found in 74 cadavers. Compared with cadaveric studies, type III-B and III-C are significantly common in angiographic studies (p = 0.015 and p = 0.009, respectively). Type I-A is most common according to previous studies. Apart from this, the prevalence of type III-A variant was higher than in previous studies. Furthermore, type III-B and III-C are more frequent in angiographic studies which might be from atherosclerosis. Thus, if the pre-operative CTA policy is not mandatory, the patients at risk for atherosclerosis and population with high variants prevalence should undergo pre-operative CTA with cost-effectiveness consideration.
High-throughput single-cell transcriptomics reveals the female germline differentiation trajectory in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Hou Zhimin , Liu Yanhui , Zhang Man , Zhao Lihua , Jin Xingyue , Liu Liping , Su Zhenxia , Cai Hanyang , Qin Yuan
Published: October 2021

Female germline cells in flowering plants differentiate from somatic cells to produce specialized reproductive organs, called ovules, embedded deep inside the flowers. We investigated the molecular basis of this distinctive developmental program by performing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of 16,872 single cells of Arabidopsis thaliana ovule primordia at three developmental time points during female germline differentiation. This allowed us to identify the characteristic expression patterns of the main cell types, including the female germline and its surrounding nucellus. We then reconstructed the continuous trajectory of female germline differentiation and observed dynamic waves of gene expression along the developmental trajectory. A focused analysis revealed transcriptional cascades and identified key transcriptional factors that showed distinct expression patterns along the germline differentiation trajectory. Our study provides a valuable reference dataset of the transcriptional process during female germline differentiation at single-cell resolution, shedding light on the mechanisms underlying germline cell fate determination.
Large calcium isotope fractionations by zeolite minerals from Iceland
Authors: Nelson Claire J. , Jacobson Andrew D. , Kitch Gabriella D. , Weisenberger Tobias B.
Published: October 2021

Zeolites are secondary tectosilicates produced during the hydrothermal alteration of basalt. The minerals serve as major sinks of calcium, which readily exchanges with calcium from surrounding groundwater. However, no studies have specifically investigated the calcium isotope geochemistry (δ44/40Ca) of zeolites. Here, we report δ44/40Ca values for zeolites from East Iceland, where the minerals form during progressive burial of the lava pile. The zeolites show a δ44/40Ca range of 1.4‰, which strongly correlates with average mineral calcium-oxygen bond lengths. As this correlation appears most consistent with equilibrium isotope partitioning, our findings point toward developing a novel geothermometer for studying low-grade basalt metamorphism. The results also have significance for using calcium isotopes to trace basalt weathering, including its role in long-term climate regulation and application in carbon capture and storage, a leading strategy for mitigating anthropogenic climate change.
Deforestation and climate change are projected to increase heat stress risk in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Alves de Oliveira Beatriz Fátima , Bottino Marcus J. , Nobre Paulo , Nobre Carlos A.
Published: October 2021

Land use change and deforestation can influence local temperature and climate. Here we use a coupled ocean-atmosphere model to assess the impact of savannization of the Amazon Basin on the wet-bulb globe temperature heat stress index under two climate change scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). We find that heat stress exposure due to deforestation was comparable to the effect of climate change under RCP8.5. Our findings suggest that heat stress index could exceed the human adaptation limit by 2100 under the combined effects of Amazon savannization and climate change. Moreover, we find that risk of heat stress exposure was highest in Northern Brazil and among the most socially vulnerable. We suggest that by 2100, savannization of the Amazon will lead to more than 11 million people will be exposed heat stress that poses an extreme risk to human health under a high emission scenario.
A tripartite carbohydrate-binding module to functionalize cellulose nanocrystals
Authors: Pelus Angeline , Bordes Gaëlle , Barbe Sophie , Bouchiba Younes , Burnard Callum , Cortés Juan , Enjalbert Brice , Esque Jeremy , Estaña Alejandro , Fauré Régis , Henras Anthony K. , Heux Stéphanie , Le Men Claude , Millard Pierre , Nouaille Sébastien , Pérochon Julien , Toanen Marion , Truan Gilles , Verdier Amandine , Wagner Camille , Romeo Yves , Montanier Cédric Y.
Published: October 2021

mSA-CBM3-AzF is a chimeric protein targeting cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with high affinity. It presents two additional domains providing a wide choice of chemical and biological molecules to functionalize CNCs.
Electrochemistry-coupled to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-density functional theory as a new tool to mimic the environmental degradation of selected phenylurea herbicides
Authors: Tonleu Temgoua Ranil Clément , Bussy Ugo , Alvarez-Dorta Dimitri , Galland Nicolas , Njanja Evangeline , Hémez Julie , Thobie-Gautier Christine , Tonlé Ignas Kenfack , Boujtita Mohammed
Published: October 2021

In vitro and in vivo experimental models, mainly based on cell cultures, animals, healthy humans and clinical trials, are useful approaches for identifying the main metabolic pathways.
Antihypertensive potential of fermented milk: the contribution of lactic acid bacteria proteolysis system and the resultant angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory peptide
Authors: Chen Li , Wang Linlin , Li Jianke , Shu Guowei
Published: October 2021

Hypertension has become an increasing health concern given that it is a major risk for cardiovascular disease.
Exploring the ability of triple quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the determination of Pu isotopes in environmental samples
Authors: Bu Wenting , Gu Mei , Ding Xiaotong , Ni Youyi , Shao Xuepeng , Liu Xuemei , Yang Chuting , Hu Sheng
Published: October 2021

Expanding the ability of ICP-MS/MS for the determination of Pu isotopes in environmental samples.
Field-free switching of perpendicular magnetization through spin–orbit torque in FePt/[TiN/NiFe]5 multilayers
Authors: Sun Chao , Jiao Yiyi , Zuo Chao , Hu Xin , Tao Ying , Jin Fang , Mo Wenqin , Hui Yajuan , Song Junlei , Dong Kaifeng
Published: October 2021

Using the interlayer exchange coupling, current induced field-free switching of FePt/[TiN/NiFe]n is achieved. Based on the multi-domain structure of FePt, gradual tuning of resistance states through trains of current pulses has also been realized.
Dual-site electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia on oxygen vacancy-enriched and Pd-decorated MnO2 nanosheets
Authors: Wang Yan , Shu Song , Peng Min , Hu Lin , Lv Xiaoshu , Shen Yu , Gong Haifeng , Jiang Guangming
Published: October 2021

One dual-site NRR electrocatalyst composed of the Ov-enriched MnO2 nanosheets (MnO2-Ov) and Pd is developed, in which MnO2-Ov adsorbs, immobilizes and activates the NO3− and N-intermediates, while the Pd supplies the Ov with adsorbed hydrogen for NRR and Ov refreshment.
Confinement of Pt NPs by hollow-porous-carbon-spheres via pore regulation with promoted activity and durability in the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Gan Zhuofan , Shu Chengyong , Deng Chengwei , Du Wei , Huang Bo , Tang Wei
Published: October 2021

Pore-regulatable N-HPCSs were synthesized by adjusting the dosage of CTAB. They have excellent HER activity and durability after loading Pt NPs, which is caused by the confinement effect of the pores on Pt NPs.
Recent developments in stimuli-responsive luminescent polymers composed of boron compounds
Authors: Ito Shunichiro , Gon Masayuki , Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki
Published: October 2021

This review summarizes recent developments in stimuli-responsive luminescent polymers with boron chromophores, including three- and four-coordinated compounds. Sensing mechanisms based on the features of boron and polymer structures are described.
Tailoring the d-band center by borophene subunits in chromic diboride toward the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Chen Yanli , Rong Jiashi , Wang Zizhun , Tao Qiang , Gan Quan , Wang Fei , Ye Yanping , Liu Xiaoyan , Cao Jian , Fan Hougang , Wei Maobin , Zhang Wei , Zhu Pinwen , Yang Lili , Yang Jinghai
Published: October 2021

Borophene subunits modulate the d-band center in different planes for improving the HER performance.
Improved proton conductivity and structure stability of an SPEEK/SPPS blend membrane for vanadium redox flow batteries
Authors: Qian Penghua , Jiang Yunhu , Wang Haixia , Zhang Lei , Shi Haifeng
Published: October 2021

The excellent cycle efficiency in the SPEEK/SPPS-15% membrane demonstrates that the incorporation of SPPS effectively regulates the membrane structure and ensures stable proton transport channels.
Direct synthesis of sulfenamides, sulfinamides, and sulfonamides from thiols and amines
Authors: Cao Yan , Abdolmohammadi Shahrzad , Ahmadi Roya , Issakhov Alibek , Ebadi Abdol Ghaffar , Vessally Esmail
Published: October 2021

This review provides a concise overview of the synthesis of biologically and synthetically valuable sulfenamide, sulfinamide, and sulfonamide derivatives through the direct oxidative coupling of readily available low-cost thiols and amines.
Cubic MnSe2microcubes enabling high-performance sulfur cathodes for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Bao Jian , Yue Xin-Yang , Luo Rui-Jie , Zhou Yong-Ning
Published: October 2021

The cycle performance and rate capability of sulfur cathodes are greatly enhanced by introducing cubic MnSe2microcubes. The Shuttle effect is suppressed effectively by the adsorption between MnSe2and polysulfideviabinding of Se and S.
CH4 activation and C–C coupling on the Ti2C(100) surface in the presence of intrinsic C-vacancies: is excess good?
Authors: Kuriakose Nishamol , Mondal Unmesh , Ghosh Prasenjit
Published: October 2021

Intrinsic C-vacancies promote methane activation while they hinder C–C coupling.
Fe–Co–P multi-heterostructure arrays for efficient electrocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Xu Hanwen , Zhu Jiawei , Wang Pengyan , Chen Ding , Zhang Chengtian , Xiao Manjie , Ma Qianli , Bai Huawei , Qin Rui , Ma Jingjing , Mu Shichun
Published: October 2021

The local electronic structure can be adjusted by constructing the Fe–Co–P multi-heterostructure catalyst, leading to improved adsorption of the reaction intermediate on the active site and outstanding HER/OER and overall water splitting performances.
Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals GSK3A substrate network is involved in the cryodamage of sperm motility
Authors: Wang Jing , Wang Jing , Wang Min , Hong Renyun , Tang Shanshan , Xu Yuanhua , Zhao Xia , Zhou Tao , Wang Zibin , Huang Shaoping
Published: October 2021

During sperm cryopreservation, the most significant phenotype of cryodamage is the decrease in sperm motility. Several proteomics studies have already been performed to search for key regulators at the protein level. However, sperm functions are known to be highly regulated by phosphorylation signaling. Here, we constructed a quantitative phosphoproteome to investigate the expression change of phosphorylated sites during sperm cryopreservation. A total of 3107 phosphorylated sites are identified and 848 of them are found to be significantly differentially expressed (DE). Bioinformatics analysis showed that the corresponding genes of these regulated sites are highly associated with sperm motility, providing a connection between the molecular basis and the phenotype of cryodamage. We then performed kinase enrichment analysis and successfully identified glycogen synthase kinase-3α (GSK3A) as the key kinase that may play an important role in the regulation of sperm motility. We further constructed a GSK3A centric network that could help us better understand the molecular mechanism of cryodamage in sperm motility. Finally, we also verified that GSK3A was abnormally activated during this process. The presented phosphoproteome and functional associations provide abundant research resources for us to learn the regulation of sperm functions, as well as to optimize the cryoprotectant for sperm cryopreservation.
Sub-arcsecond LOFAR imaging of Arp 299 at 150 MHz
Authors: Ramírez-Olivencia N. , Varenius E. , Pérez-Torres M. , Alberdi A. , Conway J. E. , Alonso-Herrero A. , Pereira-Santaella M. , Herrero-Illana R.
Published: October 2021

Context. Arp 299 is the brightest luminous infrared galaxy (LIRG) within 50 Mpc, with IR luminosity log(LIR∕L⊙) = 11.9. It provides a unique laboratory for testing physical processes in merging galaxies.

Aims. We study for the first time the low-frequency (~150 MHz) radio brightness distribution of Arp 299 at subarcsecond resolution, tracing in both compact and extended emission regions the local spectral energy distribution (SED) in order to characterize the dominant emission and absorption processes.

Methods. We analysed the spatially resolved emission of Arp 299 revealed by 150 MHz international baseline Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR) and 1.4, 5.0, and 8.4 GHz Very Large Array (VLA) observations.

Results. We present the first subarcsecond (0.4″ ~ 100 pc) image of the whole Arp 299 system at 150 MHz. The high surface brightness sensitivity of our LOFAR observations (~100 μJy beam−1) allowed us to detect all of the nuclear components detected at higher frequencies, as well as the extended steep-spectrum emission surrounding the nuclei. We obtained spatially resolved, two-point spectral index maps for the whole galaxy: the compact nuclei show relatively flat spectra, while the extended, diffuse component shows a steep spectrum. We fitted the radio SED of the nuclear regions using two different models: a continuous free-free medium model and a clumpy model. The continuous model can explain the SED of the nuclei assuming a population of relativistic electrons subjected to synchrotron, bremsstrahlung, and ionization losses. The clumpy model fits assuming relativistic electrons with negligible energy losses, and thermal fractions that are more typical of star-forming galaxies than those required for the continuous model.

Conclusions. Our results confirm the usefulness of combining spatially resolved radio imaging at both MHz and GHz frequencies to characterize in detail the radio emission properties of LIRGs from the central 100 pc out to the kiloparsec galaxy-wide scales.
A case study of ACV variables discovered in the Zwicky Transient Facility survey
Authors: Faltová N. , Kallová K. , Prišegen M. , Staněk P. , Supíková J. , Xia C. , Bernhard K. , Hümmerich S. , Paunzen E.
Published: October 2021

Context. Magnetic chemically peculiar (mCP) stars exhibit complex atmospheres that allow the investigation of the interplay of atomic diffusion, magnetic fields, and stellar rotation. A non-uniform surface distribution of chemical elements and the non-alignment of the rotational and magnetic axes result in the variability of several observables. Photometrically variable mCP stars are referred to as α2 Canum Venaticorum (ACV) variables.

Aims. The present work presents a case study of known variables from the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) survey, with the aim of investigating the survey’s suitability for the detection and study of new ACV variables.

Methods. Using suitable selection criteria based on the known characteristics of ACV variables, candidate ACV stars were selected from the ZTF Catalog of Periodic Variable Stars. All light curves were inspected in detail to select the most promising candidates. Where available, low-resolution spectra from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) were employed to classify the stars on the MK system and confirm their status as mCP stars.

Results. We have identified 86 new promising ACV star candidates. Fifteen of these stars have LAMOST spectra available that, in all cases, confirm them as classical mCP stars, which highlights the viability of our approach. We present astrophysical parameters for all sample stars that can be sorted into four subgroups characterized by distinct light curve shapes. Anti-phase variations in different photometric passbands, in particular, are a unique characteristic of a subset of ACV stars readily usable for their identification. The availability of data in three different passbands (g, r, and i) is a major advantage of the ZTF survey.

Conclusions. On the basis of our experience with other photometric surveys and the analysis of light curves, we conclude that the ZTF is well suited to the search for, and the analysis of, ACV variables that are not considered in the available ZTF variable star catalogs. Further work will focus on the development and refinement of a search algorithm to correctly identify these stars in ZTF data and, subsequently, in massive photometric time series databases in general.
Assessment of economic traits’ inheritance of winter rye at intraspecific hybridization
Authors: Parfenova Elena , Utkina Elena , Nabatova Natalia , Shamova Marina , Zhukova Maria
Published: October 2021

Intraspecific hybridization in winter rye selection (Secale cereale L. ssp. cereale) is a source of intrapopulation genotypic variability with the possibility of using the effect of interpopulation heterosis. The inheritance of the crop yield, the regeneration degree after overwintering and the weight of 1000 grains in reciprocal and back winter rye F1intervarietal hybrids was established. Different types of inheritance prevailed in reciprocal and back crossings. The regeneration inheritance and the weight of 1000 grains had a specificity. Traits’ overdominance prevailed in reciprocal crossings (45% of hybrids). The yield of reciprocal hybrids was inherited mainly according to the overdominance type (68% of the hybrids), the weight of 1000 grains - according to the intermediate type (50%), regeneration - according to the overdominance type and transitionally - equally (36% each). Intermediate traits’ inheritance prevailed in back crossings (62% of hybrids). The rarest type of traits’ inheritance was complete dominance of the best parent (2 hybrids). 4 F1hybrids with the greatest overdominance in yield, regeneration, weight of 1000 grains were allocated. The degree of true and competitive heterosis of reciprocal F1hybrids in terms of yield was determined. The level of true heterosis of F1hybrids in terms of yield varied within 6-123%. Economically significant competitive heterosis in terms of yield was established in 7 F1hybrids.
Humus condition under different systems of basic cultivation of dark gray forest soil
Authors: Perfilyev Nikolay , Vyushina Olga
Published: October 2021

Studies, were conducted in a stationary experiment between 1988 and 2018 on dark gray forest heavy loam soil in Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture for Northern Trans-Ural Region - Branch of Federal State Institutions Federal Research Centre Tyumen Scientific Centre of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of long-term (30 years) impact of different systems of basic cultivation of dark gray forest soils in the cultivation of grain crops on the humus content. Observations were made according to generally accepted methods during 6 rotations of grain and fallow crop rotation: bare fallow, winter rye, spring wheat, spring vetch, spring barley, unfolded in time and space. The impact of the combined system of tillage with alternation of plowing and no-tillage at 20-22 cm during 6 rotations of a 5-pole grain and steam crop rotation (30 years), increased the humus content in the 0-40 cm layer of dark gray forest soil compared with the initial content by 0.42%. The systems of main tillage - differentiated, without sowing, and mouldboard provided in general a relatively favorable dynamics of the humus state of the soil. The content of humus in the 0-40 cm layer of soil by differentiated and unswept systems during the study period remained close to the initial condition. По отвальной системе содержание гумуса снижалось на 0,22% или в среднем 0,37т/га в год. The greatest loss of humus in the 0-40 cm layer of soil by 0.80% in relation to the initial was the impact of surface treatment with annual discing BDT-2,5 (heavy disc harrows) on 10-12 cm or an average annual loss of 1.33 t / ha.
Agroecological assessment of water-physical properties of irrigated soils of the Trans-Urals in the analysis of the main hydrophysical characteristics
Authors: Komissarova I.V. , Chelovechkova A.V. , Miroshnichenko N.V.
Published: October 2021

Water-physical properties of soils are a set of soil properties that determine the accumulation, preservation and water transfer in the soil stratum. One of the important indicators of water-physical properties are soil-hydrological constants. These indicators can be used in forecasting yield, calculating the irrigation rate. The determination of soil-hydrological constants is a rather laborious process. In this article, we propose to obtain soil-hydrological constants from the data of the main hydrophysical characteristics. This technique allows to analyze the data and obtain soil-hydrological constants from the data of granulometric composition. The conducted studies have shown that the use of uncontrolled irrigation has led to the transformation of water-physical properties, the content of easily mobile, productive and gravitational moisture has decreased. When modeling the MHC curve, a change in the shape on the graphs can be noted.
Use of agroecological soil monitoring data in designing adaptive landscape farming systems
Authors: Lukin S.V. , Chernikov V.A.
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes the experience of using agroecological monitoring data in designing adaptive landscape systems of agriculture and soil protection in the Belgorod region. On the basis of data on soil acidity, design and estimate documentation for liming is developed. Materials on the content of soil organic matter are used in the design of measures to form a deficient balance of humus. Information on the availability of arable soils with mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium is necessary for calculating doses of mineral fertilizers. With low availability of mobile forms of sulphur and trace elements, recommendations are being developed for the use of fertilizers containing scarce elements. As a result of the implementation by agricultural producers of projects of adaptive landscape systems of agriculture and soil protection, in 2015-2018, compared to 2010-2014, the use of mineral fertilizers increased by 14.4 kg/ha, organic - by 3.3 tons/ha, lime production - by 38.1 thousand ha/year. As a result, arable land productivity increased by 1.01 thousand feed units.
The prospect of using the cyanobacteriumNostoc muscorumto improve vital activity of barley seedlings by various methods of seed treatment
Authors: Koval Ekaterina V. , Ogorodnikova Svetlana Yu.
Published: October 2021

The influence of the cyanobacteriumNostoc muscorumon vital activity of barley seedlings of the species Novichok was researched. In the experiments different ways of cyanobacterial treatment were used: introducing microorganisms in the growth medium and pre-sowing inoculation of barley seeds with cyanobacteria. The influence of cyanobacterial treatment on biochemical indices and linear growth of barley plants was assessed. The share of plastid pigments and intensity of the processes of lipid peroxidation were assessed in a spectrophotometric way, standard methods were applied. It was stated thatNostoc muscorumhas a phytostimulating effect which consists in inhibiting oxidation processes in barley cells, accumulating substances with antioxidative activity, and activating growth processes. Pre-sowing inoculation of barley seeds with cyanobacteria is the most effective one.
Effect of harvesting time on yield and sown quality of spring cereals during storage
Authors: Snigireva Olga
Published: October 2021

It is important to correctly determine the stage of harvesting. To establish full ripeness, it is necessary to accurately identify the period when plastic substances stop entering the grain. All this is necessary for the formation of high-quality grain. Due to the long-term storage of grain, its germination decreases, as there are violations in the processes of metabolism. Therefore, during the storage period, it is necessary to control the quality of the seed material. The purpose of the research was to determine the impact of harvesting time and long-term storage of grain for obtaining seed material with high indicators of yield and sowing qualities. The experimental part of the work was carried out on the experimental field and in the laboratory conditions of the FGBNU FANC North-East in 2015-2020. From each variant of the experiment, 1 kg of seeds of the 2015 harvest were stored. Under laboratory conditions, the germination energy and laboratory germination capacity of the seeds were tested. In 2020, field germination and yield qualities of seeds were studied in three-fold repetition on meter plots. During the years of research, changes in the sowing qualities of seeds obtained during storage in 2015 were noted. Seeds from crops that were harvested at the onset of the full ripeness phase and at a grain moisture content of 17 … 20 %, (1), the indicators of germination energy and germination were the highest than when harvested at a later time. A significant decrease in indicators was noted in the cleaning options for 10 and 15 days later than the optimal one. The study of the influence of the harvest year and the duration of seed storage showed that seeds 1 and 2 of the harvest period in 2015 provide a higher yield than seeds 3 and 4 of the harvest period. The use of late-harvest seeds in sowing leads to a decrease in the weight of 1000 grains and the nature of the grain.
The biochemical status of heifers when consuming a phytonutrients based on hungarian sainfoin
Authors: Sukhanova E.V. , Sycheva L.V. , Yunusova O.Yu. , Morozkov N.A. , Sukhanova S.F.
Published: October 2021

Experimental data were obtained on the effect of feeding a phytonutrient based on Hungarian sainfoin on the biochemical, hematological parameters of blood, on the natural resistance and dynamics of the live weight of heifers. As a result of feeding the phytonutrient based on Hungarian sainfoin, the blood parameters of heifers of the experimental groups were higher than those of the control group. There was also a better development of the heifers of the experimental groups compared to the control group.
Reproductive indicators of first-calf heifers when using a complex mineral-vitamin feed additive
Authors: Sabitov M.T. , Farkhutdinova A.R. , Malikova M.G. , Aminova A.L.
Published: October 2021

A method for improving the reproductive performance of first-calf heifers using a complex mineraland vitamin feed additive is presented to the production. The animals of the control group were fed according to the main diet accepted in the farm and mineral matters. The animals from group I were fed the main ration with 120 g of the complex mineraland vitamin feed additiv per head according to recipe No.1. The animals from group II received the main ration with 120 g of the feed additive per head according to recipe No.2. The cow mating index of the first heifers of the control group is 2.1, which is0.48 and 0.60 times higher than in groups I and II. The highest rate of fecundation showed the cows of the experimental group II. It made up 63%, 7% higher than the experimental group I(56 %) and 18% higher than the control group (45 %). After the second fecundation, the conception rate in group II was 37%, which is 18% higher than in the control group and 7% higher than in animalsof group I. The calf crop in all groups was 100%.
Analysis of the condition of microbiocenoses and antibiotic resistance on a dairy farm in three-year dynamics
Authors: Isaeva Albina , Krivonogova Anna , Chentsova Anastasia , Moiseeva Ksenia , Andruysheckina Marina
Published: October 2021

The researches studied opportunistic microbiocenoses at different technological sites of a commercial dairy farm in a three-year dynamics. The composition and sensitivity of the opportunistic pathogenic microflora to antibiotics were determined. It was established that the generic and species composition of the core of microbiocenoses was represented by typical opportunistic strains and was characterized by relative constancy at each site. The most common representatives were Enterococcus spp., P. aeruginosa, Proteus spp., S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans. A comparative analysis of antibiotic resistance in 2017 and 2020 revealed an upward trend in AMR. At all the examined sites, an increase in the proportion of microorganisms with reduced sensitivity to three or more antibiotics was revealed. An increase in the number of multi-resistant isolates was found in the calve site.
Study of antimicrobial resistance for the causative agent of the bovine reproductive system infection by the NGS method
Authors: Zaytsev Sergey , Khizhnyakova Mariya , Krasnikova Ekaterina , Larionova Olga , Feodorova Valentina
Published: October 2021

In the present study, the biomaterial specimen derived from a farm animal with a chronic reproductive system infection was carefully investigated using the Next Generation Sequencing method. The bacterial DNA of the genus Enterobacter was detected. The genetic determinants of resistance to 12 classes of antibiotics were identified in the genome of this microorganism. The data obtained highlight the necessity of strengthening global control over the spread of resistant microorganism strains in agriculture especially in the animal husbandry sector.
Bacterial and mycotic factors in the pathogenesis of latent endometritis and salpingitis in cows and a decrease in the sanitary quality of milk
Authors: Filatova A.V. , Firsov G.M. , Loshchinin S.O. , Akhmadov V.T. , Fayzulina N.S.
Published: October 2021

In 82% of cows, contamination of the genitals with conditionally pathogenic microflora of E. coli was established in 17% of cases, S. aureus - 15%, P. mirabilis - 14%, S. pyogenes - 14%, S. pyogenes, R. vulgaris, C. albicans - 14.0%; S. aureus, E. coli, C. albicans - 14.0%; S. aureus, P. mirabilis, E. coli, C. albicans, A. fumigatus, M. racemosus in 12% of cases of latent endometritis. In salpingitis, microorgans were isolated in the association of S. aureus, P. mirabilis, C. albicans in 28.5% of cases; E. coli, P. mirabilis in 27.7% of cases; E. coli, P. vulgaris, C. albicans, A. fumigatus - 25.2%; S. aureus, E. coli, C. albicans, A. fumigatus - 13.1%, the rest in 5.5% of cases. In patients with latent endometritis and salpingitis, fungi were isolated in 29.6% of cases of A. fumigatus and in 70.4% of cases - C. albicans and C. crusei. Milk obtained from sick cows with latent endometritis and salpingitis showed 2 times higher total bacterial contamination than milk obtained from healthy animals.
Improving the assessment of the breeding value of pigs based on the use of BLUP methods and genomic analysis
Authors: Novikov Аlexey , Suslina Elena , Pokhodnya Grigorii , Breslavetz Yriy , Breslavetz Alexander
Published: October 2021

The present paper presents the preliminary results of experiments to improve the evaluation of the breeding value of sows by such qualities as multiple births in live-born piglets, the number of business piglets at weaning at 30 days of age, and the safety of the litter. The evaluation of the breeding value of sows was carried out based on the use of BLUP methods and genomic analysis. It was found that the reliability of assessing the breeding value of sows increases significantly when both factors are taken into account: the use of genotypes of candidate genes ESR and PRLR and BLUP evaluation.