bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vitro study of virus new strain JLCuGV infected nodal explants and production of planting material through meristem culture from virus-infected Jatropha curcas plants
Authors: Singh Aneesha
Published: June 2022

Jatropha curcas is an important biodiesel plant as its seed contains 27–40% oil. The virus infection causes adverse effects on plant growth, and yield. The present study was carried out to develop plantlets from virus-infected plants using meristematic cultures. Cultures were also raised using nodal explant to figure out culture loss caused by the new strain of Jatropha leaf curl Gujarat virus (JLCuGV). Poor (48.3 ± 15.1 %) shoot bud induction was noted in virus-infected explants on MS medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Severe culture loss was noted upon subsequent sub-cultures of nodal explants. Apical meristem (MC) developed the highest (86.3 ± 12.5 %) shoot bud induction on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L Thidiazuron (TDZ). Best results in shoot proliferation and elongation were achieved on 1.0 mg/L BAP, 1.5 mg/L IAA and 0.5 mg/L Gibberellic acid (GA3) containing medium with 9.9 ± 1.7 number of shoot buds of 5.2 ± 0.5 cm shoot length. It was interesting to note that the rooting percentage was not affected by virus infection. Shoots obtained from virus-infected and meristem cultures rooted well without any significant difference in rooting percentage. It was known by the study that the generation of planting material from virus-infected plants was possible with meristem explants but recalcitrant with nodal explants.
A taxonomic revision of Northeast Pacific softnose skates (Rajiformes: Arhynchobatidae: Bathyraja Ishiyama)
Authors: KNUCKEY JAMES D. S. , EBERT DAVID A.
Published: June 2022

Softnose skates (Rajiformes: Arhynchobatidae: Bathyraja Ishiyama) are the most diverse skate genus, with 54 species, and are readily distinguishable from other genera in the family by their poorly calcified, flexible rostral cartilages. Six Bathyraja species are considered valid in the eastern North Pacific, including: B. abyssicola, B. aleutica, B. kincaidii,

microtrachys, B. spinosissima, and B. trachura. Similar to other skate genera, eastern North Pacific Bathyraja lack a robust species-specific identification, which leads to issues with setting catch limits and creating management plans. This study identifies and formally redescribes the eastern North Pacific softnose skate species based on morphometric and meristic measurements and includes an Alaskan species, Bering Skate, B. interrupta due to its close morphological relationship to B. kincaidii. A lectotype for B. interrupta is designated. Multivariate tests determined that significant differences existed between the study species. Parsimonious phylogenetic trees showed that B kincaidii represents the basal condition, with B. abyssicola and B. aleutica being the most derived species in the study. The formerly synonymized species B. interrupta and B. kincaidii were shown to be separate, as were the previously synonymized species B. microtrachys and B. trachura. Improved Bathyraja species identification will hopefully assist fisheries managers in developing conservation policies easing the impacts of deep-sea fishing expansion.
Taxonomic review of the tingine genera Cysteochila, Hurdchila, Physatocheila, and Xynotingis from Japan, with description of a new genus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae)
Authors: SOUMA JUN , ISHIKAWA TADASHI
Published: June 2022

Species of four lace bug genera of the subfamily Tinginae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae), namely Cysteochila Stål, 1873, Hurdchila Drake, 1953, Physatocheila Fieber, 1844, and Xynotingis Drake, 1948, occurring in Japan, are revised. A total of 13 species are identified and diagnosed. Previous records of Cysteochila consueta Drake, 1948 from Japan are considered to be the misidentification of C. chiniana Drake, 1942. Limnostatua gen. nov. is described to accommodate Leptodictya (currently Hurdchila) lewisi Scott, 1880 (type species of the new genus). A new synonymy is proposed: Limnostatua lewisi (Scott, 1880), comb. nov. = Cysteochila vota Drake, 1948 syn. nov. Three new combinations, namely Physatocheila chiniana (Drake, 1942) comb. nov., P. consueta (Drake, 1948) comb. nov., and P. euthenia (Drake & Ruhoff, 1965) comb. nov., all of which were transferred from Cysteochila, are proposed. Three species, namely C. abundantis Drake & Poor, 1937, P. consueta comb. nov. (previous records all pertaining to misidentifications) and P. euthenia comb. nov., are newly recorded from Japan. Finally, identification keys for Japanese tingid genera and subgenera as well as for species of Cysteochila and Physatocheila are provided.
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis of the Head and Neck: Experience at a Rural Tertiary Referral Center
Authors: Schwartz Tyler R. , Elliott Leighton A. , Fenley Heather , Ramdas Jagadeesh , Scott Greene Joseph
Published: June 2022

Objectives:

Retrospectively analyze head and neck Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis at a rural tertiary referral center and compare results with previously published data.

Methods:

Electronic health record review was performed from 2003 to 2019. Patients with biopsy proven LCH with primary head and neck involvement were included. Demographics, presentation, imaging characteristics, treatment modality, delay in diagnosis (DD, ≥60 days), and outcomes were analyzed and reported.

Results:

Twenty-four patients were included. The most common presenting symptoms were otorrhea (n = 6) and scalp pain or swelling (n = 6). All patients had bony involvement. The most common site was facial or skull lesions (n = 20). Most skull lesions (75%) demonstrated CNS risk. Six patients were treated with primary surgery, 15 with primary chemotherapy, and 3 with surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy. Nine patients experienced relapse of disease with median time to documented relapse of 11.4 months; all were treated with salvage chemotherapy to achieve complete remission (median follow-up: 72 months). Patients most likely to relapse were those with multisystem disease (5/7, 71.4%), temporal bone lesions (4/7, 57.1%), and DD (7/12, 58.3%). Of the 9 total patients who experienced relapse, 78% had a delay in diagnosis.

Conclusions:

LCH is a complex disease process in which diagnosis can be delayed if not considered in the differential. Within the head and neck, the skull, including isolated temporal bone involvement, is the most common site of involvement. Treatment modality does not appear to have an influence on relapse rates. Relapse was more likely to occur in the first year after treatment and close monitoring is required.
Stalling the State: How Digital Platforms Contribute to and Profit From Delays in the Enforcement and Adoption of Regulations
Authors: Mazur Joanna , Serafin Marcin
Published: June 2022

While it is often claimed that the pace of digital transformation is such that its own, often glacial changes do not allow the state to catch up, we argue that technological companies, with the help of some state actors, have been slowing the state down. To capture this phenomenon, we introduce the notion of stalling strategies. We argue that stalling strategies have allowed digital platforms to create time that they have spent generating revenue and accumulating platform power, which later protected them from state actions. Drawing on a case study of Uber in Poland and a number of shadow cases, we distinguish five stalling strategies: reinventing classifications, dragging out court proceedings, stealing the time of street-level bureaucrats, delaying new regulations, and taking time to (not) comply. By analyzing stalling strategies, this article contributes to discussions about the politics of platform capitalism, the temporality of digitalization, and institutional drift.
The Effect of Evocative Frames on Strategic Decisions
Authors: Marshak Robert J. , Heracleous Loizos
Published: June 2022

We employ the frame perspective and data from a natural experiment conducted over a period of 22 years to investigate framing effects and how they can influence strategic decision-making in a total of 205 teams of participants in an organization theory course. We find that frames can have substantial effects on strategic decisions, through evoking implicit storylines which invite moral considerations and emotions into the decision process. The finding that frames can implicitly impact decisions through their selectivity, salience and emotive effects extends our understanding of strategic decision making as well as of how frames shape decisions. We contribute to understanding of frames and framing effects by highlighting the pervasive role of emotion; and offer an expanded perspective that goes beyond frames as interpretive schemes, to view them as situated symbolic actions. We conclude by discussing practical implications for executives and organizations.
Linking Regenerative Travel and Residents’ Support for Tourism Development in Kaua’i Island (Hawaii): Moderating-Mediating Effects of Travel-Shaming and Foreign Tourist Attractiveness
Authors: Zaman Umer , Aktan Murat , Agrusa Jerome , Khwaja Muddasar Ghani
Published: June 2022

“Leaving the place behind, better than before” is the regenerative state-of-mind approach to reset, rethink and move forward, beyond sustainable tourism. Despite growing global attention, empirical evidence supporting tourism developments through regenerative travel remains extremely rare. Moreover, rampant incidents of travel-shaming across tourism destinations undermine foreign tourist attractiveness, ultimately affecting residents’ support for tourism developments. To address this overlooked and potential research gap, the present study develops and tests a holistic moderated-mediation model of resident’s support for tourism development, involving regenerative travel, travel-shaming and foreign tourist attractiveness. Drawing on study data from 463 islanders in Kauai (Hawaii) and the use of structural equation modeling via Mplus, the study provides pioneering evidence on the effects of regenerative travel on residents’ support for tourism development, under moderating-mediating influence of travel-shaming and foreign tourist attractiveness. The present study implications extend to the development and validation of a new scale for regenerative travel. The study findings offer strategic insights and directions for imagining new business models, resources, and relationships within regenerative tourism in the post-pandemic world.
Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in an adult mental health service in the Republic of Ireland.
Authors: Adamis Dimitrios , Fox Naoimh , de M de Camargo Ana Paula P. , Saleem Faisal , Gavin Blánaid , McNicholas Fiona
Published: June 2022

Objective

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is well recognised in childhood. However, recognition that it commonly persists into adulthood is relatively recent. This study is the 2nd phase of a two-phase epidemiological investigation of the prevalence of adult ADHD in outpatients in Ireland.

Method

In phase-1, 634 participants were screened with Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) and Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS). Those scoring positive in both scales have been invited to participate in the 2nd phase where the scales Conners’ Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview (CAADID), Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) were administered, plus clinical evaluation based in DSM-5.

Results

131 were eligible, 110 participated (84.0%). Using the CAADID (DSM-IV criteria) 71 were diagnosed with ADHD. Projecting to the total sample ( N = 634) the prevalence was 13.25%, CI:95%:10.71-16.14. Converting the DSM-IV criteria to DSM-5, 89 had ADHD (prevalence:16.72%, CI: 13.9-19.86). Using clinical evaluation, 86 were diagnosed with ADHD (prevalence:16.09%, CI:13.31-19.18). Only 3 cases were diagnosed before with ADHD. Comorbidity was higher in those with ADHD, with the median number of additional diagnoses 2 (min 0 max 8, IQR 3) Also, they had significantly higher rates of depression and recurred depression. Agreement between DSM-IV and DSM-5 was high (rho = 0.90, p < .0001).

Conclusions

High rates of undiagnosed ADHD were found to be present among AMHS attendees. Clinicians in AMHS need to be knowledgeable and alert to possible ADHD among their caseloads, and offer appropriate intervention. Interventions are urgently required to increase the detection and treatment of adult ADHD.
The DAS-6: A Short Form of the Dementia Attitudes Scale
Authors: Clark Michaela S. , Ebert Alexandria R. , Hicks Patrick Julie
Published: June 2022

Attitudes toward persons with dementia (PWD) are important predictors of emotional and behavioral outcomes for PWD and their caregivers. It is often desirable to have short, psychometrically-sound measures of such attitudes for inclusion in large community-based surveillance surveys and quick training assessments. The Dementia Attitudes Scale (DAS) is a 20-item scale that examines person-centered knowledge and perceptions of comfort working with PWD. Shorter versions of this scale have been used in various settings, although the psychometric properties of this abbreviated scale are unknown. This study used a principal components analysis to examine the properties associated with scales using a reduced number of items. Our final scale, the DAS-6 includes three items in each of the comfort and person-centered knowledge subscales.
Barriers and Opportunities to Support the Oral Health of Older Adults: A Rapid Review of Health Policy and Systems
Authors: de Sam Lazaro Stephanie L. , Nitschke Durben Anchee M. , Kline Juliette J.
Published: June 2022

Tooth decay and gum disease are reversible, preventable, and impact approximately 68% of older adults nationwide. While the Affordable Care Act added provisions to health prevention services, it did not cover oral health prevention for adults and older adults. A rapid review process was utilized to identify literature documenting system and policy level barriers and opportunities to address oral health equity issues for older adults in the United States. Twenty-five articles met inclusion criteria for analysis. Findings revealed four barrier and three opportunity themes. Recommendations of analysis include expansion of oral health coverage under Medicare and Medicaid along with community-based and co-located medical and dental services. This will address access and utilization barriers and provide education for older adults, health providers, and the general population. Increasing oral health literacy and population awareness, and prioritizing oral health can be met by capitalizing on opportunities found in this rapid review.
Scientific and Regulatory Policy Committee Points to Consider: Primary Digital Histopathology Evaluation and Peer Review for Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) Nonclinical Toxicology Studies
Authors: Forest Thomas , Aeffner Famke , Bangari Dinesh S. , Bawa Bhupinder , Carter Jonathan , Fikes James , High Wanda , Hayashi Shim-mo , Jacobsen Matthew , McKinney LuAnn , Rudmann Daniel , Steinbach Thomas , Schumacher Vanessa , Turner Oliver , Ward Jerrold M. , Willson Cynthia J.
Published: June 2022

The Society of Toxicologic Pathology’s Scientific and Regulatory Policy Committee formed a working group to consider the present and future use of digital pathology in toxicologic pathology in general and specifically its use in primary evaluation and peer review in Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) environments. Digital histopathology systems can save costs by reducing travel, enhancing organizational flexibility, decreasing slide handling, improving collaboration, increasing access to historical images, and improving quality and efficiency through integration with laboratory information management systems. However, the resources to implement and operate a digital pathology system can be significant. Given the magnitude and risks involved in the decision to adopt digital histopathology, this working group used pertinent previously published survey results and its members’ expertise to create a Points-to-Consider article to assist organizations with building and implementing digital pathology workflows. With the aim of providing a comprehensive perspective, the current publication summarizes aspects of digital whole-slide imaging relevant to nonclinical histopathology evaluations, and then presents points to consider applicable to both primary digital histopathology evaluation and digital peer review in GLP toxicology studies. The Supplemental Appendices provide additional tabulated resources.
Long-term trends in incidence and prevalence of severe sight impairment due to diabetes in South East Scotland before and after implementation of diabetic retinopathy screening
Authors: Anderson Martin J , Chinn David J , Styles Caroline J
Published: June 2022

The study set out to examine the impact of the introduction of a national diabetic retinopathy screening programme in Scotland in 2006 on incidence and trends in severe sight impairment (SSI) certification due to diabetes over three decades.

We analysed SSI certification due to diabetic eye disease in Fife, Scotland, between 2010 and 2019 and compared it to previously published estimates from 1990 onwards. Population estimates of the general population and those with diabetes were obtained from the National Records of Scotland and the National Diabetes Register, NHS SCI Diabetes, respectively. Mean annual incidence of SSI in the population with diabetes, 1990–2019, before and after the introduction of diabetic retinopathy screening was compared using a Mann–Whitney U Test.

Mean incidence in 2007–2019 was 19.8/100,000 and was significantly less than the period before the systematic screening, 1990–2006 (57.5/100,000, p < .001). Mean SSI incidence due to diabetes in Fife between 2010 and 2019 was significantly lower than in the previous decades ( p < .001) at 16.4 per 100,000 for the population with diabetes, per year ( SD 10.0; 95% confidence interval: [9.2, 23.5]) compared to 42.7 per 100,000 in 2000–2009 and 64.3 per 100,000 in 1990–1999.

This study demonstrates a significant reduction in the annual incidence of SSI due to diabetes before and after the introduction of the screening programme provides evidence for the benefit of systematic diabetic retinopathy screening programmes. Other factors including improved management of diabetes and risk factors will have also had an impact emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to the prevention of sight loss in diabetes.
Quality of life after extra corporeal life support therapy
Authors: de Vlugt Roos , Spek Bea , van de Pol Ineke , Rigter Sander
Published: June 2022

Background

Extra Corporeal Life Support (ECLS) may be a life-saving treatment for patients with reversible cardiac and/or respiratory failure. ECLS is associated with a high risk of complications and mortality. Because only a small number of studies have been conducted into the long-term effects of ECLS, we investigated the difference in quality of life, anxiety and depressive complaints and PTSD 3 months after ICU discharge.

Method

It is a retrospective case–control study covering the period January 2012 to December 2017. The ECLS patient group was compared to a matched similar patient group in the Intensive Care (IC) that did not have ECLS therapy. Quality of life was measured with the Short-Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire, anxiety and depression was measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire and for PTSD the Impact of Events Scale (IES) questionnaire was used, comparing sum scores and cut-off points of scores from both groups.

Results

Included were 19 patients in the ECLS group and 38 in the control group. The mean sum scores on the sub scales of the SF36 questionnaire were the same for both groups. Only the mean score of 66.2 (scale 0–100) on the domain ‘general health experience’ was statistically significantly different in the ECLS group than in the control group (56.8, p = .02). There was no significant difference between the sum scores of both groups on anxiety and depressive complaints. In the ECLS group 32% of the patients may have a depressive disorder versus 18% from the control group ( p = .32). And 26% of the patients from the ECLS group may have an anxiety disorder versus 7% from the control group ( p = .51). The incidence of PTSD was 42% in the ECLS group and 24% in the control group ( p = .22).

Conclusion

We found no statistically significant difference in quality of life, anxiety and depressive symptoms and PTSD symptoms between ECLS patients and the matched control group - 3 months after the ICU discharge. The incidence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and PTSD in the ECLS group is higher than in the control group, however, this difference is not significant.
Corticosteroids in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A meta-analysis of 12,559 patients
Authors: Chen Lei , Xiang Feng , Hu Yiyi
Published: June 2022

Objective

Corticosteroids can attenuate the inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass, but their benefits on clinical outcomes are unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate whether corticosteroid therapy affects outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase, EBSCO and Cochrane databases from 1 January 2010 to 14 March 2022 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed corticosteroid versus non- corticosteroid therapy in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were renal failure, infection, delirium, intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay.

Results

Four RCTs including 12,559 patients (6265 randomized to corticosteroid therapy and 6294 to non-corticosteroid therapy) were included. One-hundred and 92 of 6265 patients (3.1%) randomized to the corticosteroid group versus 221 of 6294 patients (3.5%) randomized to the non-corticosteroid group experienced death during hospitalization. Compared the control group, corticosteroid therapy did not significantly reduce in-hospital mortality, with an RR of 0.87 (0.72–1.06), p = .16. There was no difference in the incidence of infection (RR 0.78 (0.56–1.10), p = .16), delirium during hospitalization (RR 1.01 (0.90–1.14), p = .85), or the length of hospital stay (MD −0.13 (−0.32 to 0.05), p = .17). However, corticosteroid therapy significantly reduced the risk of renal failure ( RR 0.82 (0.67–0.99), p = .04), and the length of ICU stay (MD −0.41 (−0.65 to −0.17), p < .01).

Conclusions

Corticosteroids did not significantly reduce the rates of in-hospital mortality, infection, or delirium, but reduce the incidence of renal failure and the length of ICU stay.
The Call for Standardization of Shear Bond Strength Testing Protocols in Orthodontics
Authors: Jain Mahesh , Patel Dolly , Sharma Taruna
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets is an important factor in imparting desired treatment as repeated breakages during treatment not only delay its completion but also affect the quality of treatment. Thus, the aim of this review is to analyze the in vitro studies related to bond strength testing and to identify experimental conditions that are not standardized while performing in vitro studies.

Materials and Method

The total of 580 studies were searched, and 84 studies were accepted for review as per inclusion criteria. The 12 experimental conditions were analyzed, and it was found that none of the studies described all the conditions listed.

Results

There is no uniformity in parameters guidelines such as storing media, temperature, crosshead speed, type of testing method, and testing machine used in studies. None of the studies considered all reviewed conditions in their study design.

Conclusion

There is a need to frame proper recommendations for the testing protocols to be followed for in vitro bond strength studies so that baseline data as a reference will allow the intercomparison of results among studies and to reach any conclusion.
Decision Accuracy of Commonly Used Dyslexia Screeners Among Students Who Are Potentially at Risk for Reading Difficulties
Authors: Burns Matthew K. , VanDerHeyden Amanda M. , Duesenberg-Marshall McKinzie D. , Romero Monica E. , Stevens Mallory A. , Izumi Jared T. , McCollom Elizabeth M.
Published: June 2022

Students with dyslexia demonstrate reading difficulty in early literacy skills (e.g., phonemic awareness, word recognition, decoding), and administering screeners is a necessary step to implement effective intervention. There are several commonly used reading screeners, but the decision accuracy and predictive value between them varies. In the current study, scores on two different reading screeners, the Shaywitz DyslexiaScreen (SDS) and Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills Next (DIBELS Next) were compared for 115 U.S. Grades K–3 students with specific reading deficits using the Phonological Awareness Composite of the Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing as the criterion. Tests of sensitivity, specificity, and post-test probabilities were used to evaluate the decision accuracy of the data. Results suggested that the decision accuracy for DIBELS Next (78%) was better than SDS (45%), and both sensitivity (DIBELS Next = 90%, SDS = 35%) and positive post-test probability (DIBELS Next = 71%, SDS = 42%) favored DIBELS Next. Thus, the DIBELS Next measures demonstrated acceptable decision accuracy in identifying students with low phonological awareness, but the SDS did not.
Public Value at Cross Points: A Comparative Study on Employer Attractiveness of Public, Private, and Nonprofit Organizations
Authors: Ritz Adrian , Weißmüller Kristina S. , Meynhardt Timo
Published: June 2022

A commonly held assumption is that public service motivation (PSM) positively affects individuals’ attraction to government, but there are also private and nonprofit organizations that are beneficial to the common good. Therefore, the goal of this study is to shed light on an understudied topic in Public Administration, namely, how the public value of public, private, and nonprofit organizations affects their attractiveness to citizens and how PSM moderates this relationship. We find that employer attractiveness is strongly influenced by organizations’ public value regardless sectoral affiliation. This attribution of public value interacts with citizens’ PSM. For high-PSM individuals, the relationship between public value and attractiveness is stronger than for low-PSM individuals. Furthermore, high PSM exercises an asymmetric effect, punishing organizations with low public value more strongly in the private sector. These results highlight important implications for HR practitioners in all three sectors seeking to attract and retain highly motivated employees.
Gaps in Neurogenetics Education During Child Neurology Residency: Results of a National Survey
Authors: Sen Kuntal , DiSabella Marc T. , Harmon Jennifer , Strelzik Jeffrey A. , Gropman Andrea L.
Published: June 2022

The practice of child neurology has changed significantly in the past two decades as we have integrated genetic testing into our standard of care to achieve precise diagnoses and to guide management of many childhood neurological conditions. Despite this paradigm shift, there appears to be a gap in both clinical exposure to neurogenetic disorders and education provided to residents in ordering and interpreting genetic testing. We therefore conducted a national survey for child neurology trainees in all programs across the United States to delineate their perception of the adequacy of current training and didactics in genetic/neurogenetic disorders. The results revealed knowledge gaps related to ordering and interpreting genetic testing, managing acute metabolic emergencies, and identifying resources for referral of patients to clinical trials. Responders considered their current curriculum in neurogenetics to be insufficient and voted favorably for an educational platform using recorded lectures and interactive sessions.
A Data-Driven Algorithm to Redefine the U.S. Rural Landscape: Affinity Propagation as a Mixed-Data/Mixed-Method Tool
Authors: Heumann Benjamin W. , Graziano Marcello , Fiaschetti Maurizio
Published: June 2022

This study demonstrates the application of affinity propagation as a data-driven approach to identifying and mapping typologies of place along the urban-rural continuum. The authors characterize Zip Code Tabulation Areas using demographic, economic, land cover, and accessibility to transportation infrastructure, which results in 22 clusters, 15 of which have a major rural component. The spatial pattern of these clusters varies, reflecting the heterogeneity in U.S. rurality. Rural is not a single concept that can be simply defined by population density. By comparing three economic indicators before and after the global financial crisis of 2007 to 2012, the authors find that the degree of economic recovery is captured by rural typologies. They compare both the methodological results and analysis of socioeconomic resilience to two of the most used threshold-based regional typologies, one developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service and one used by the American Communities Project.
Identifying Quality Indicators for Nursing Home Residents with Dementia: A Modified Delphi Method
Authors: Burgess Jennifer G. , Maust Donovan T. , Myron Chang Ming-Un , Zivin Kara , Gerlach Lauren B.
Published: June 2022

Background

We convened a two-round, modified Delphi panel to identify and reach consensus on additional potential quality indicators (QIs) for nursing home residents with dementia.

Methods

The study team identified 12 potential QIs for nursing home dementia care and treatment of behavioral disturbances based on review of the literature. All proposed QIs were readily available in administrative claims data. Panelists rated each QI on importance, usefulness, and feasibility (a total of 36 items) using a 9-point Likert scale. Data were collected using an online survey platform and virtual group discussion. We defined consensus as ≥70% of the panelists responding within a three-point range surrounding the median. A QI achieved relevance on a domain (importance, usefulness, feasibility) when the panel reached consensus and a median rating of 7-9.

Results

The study had a 100% response rate for both survey rounds. Twenty-four items achieved consensus, with 15 reaching relevance with a median >7. Three QIs (percent of long-stay residents with dementia prescribed APs, percent with physical restraint use, and percent with a positive behavioral symptom score) reached consensus at the highest median score (9) for importance. Only 2 of the 12 proposed QIs reached relevance on all three domains: percent of long-stay residents with dementia prescribed antipsychotics (APs) and percent prescribed benzodiazepines.

Conclusions

Of the proposed QIs, our panel of dementia care experts only reached consensus on two QIs: measuring long-stay resident prescriptions of APs and benzodiazepines. Challenges remain in identifying QIs that meet threshold of all three areas and accurately reflect quality nursing home dementia care.
Regulating the electrical resistive switching behaviors of polyimides through different steric hindrance substituents on 2,7-position of tetraphenyl fluorene diamines moieties
Authors: Nan Junyi , Fan Yingtao , Hu Kaitai , Gao Yang , Chen Fangyuan , Shen Yingzhong , Yang Yanhua
Published: June 2022

Three novel polyimides (PI(TPF-Br BPDA), PI(TPF-Ph BPDA), and PI(TPF-Ph-OMe BPDA)) with tetraphenyl fluorene (TPF) were synthesized and tested. The laboratorial results showed that the constructed electronic devices exhibited different memory behaviors due to the different steric hindrance substituents (bromine atom, phenyl, and 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl) in 2,7-position of TPF molecule. The memorizers based on PI(TPF-Br BPDA) and PI(TPF-Ph BPDA) presented volatile dynamic random access memory (DRAM) feature with turn-on voltages of −2.39 and +1.45 V, as same as −1.71 and +1.74 V, separately. However, the PI(TPF-Ph-OMe BPDA) based apparatus exhibited non-volatile write-once read-many-times memory (WORM) behavior with turn-on voltage of −1.13 V, due to the more charge traps of 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl moieties and higher dipole moment. The switching mechanism was verified by quantum simulation of energy level, electrostatic potential (ESP) surface and dipole moment. These results indicated that the electrical memory performance of the synthesized TPF-based PIs could be adjusted by modifying the electron donor structure.
The comprehensive improvement of surface integrity in whirlwind milling a large screw
Authors: Guo Qin , Wang Mulan , Xie Jiaye , Wang Yulin
Published: June 2022

The surface integrity of a large screw in whirlwind milling was vital for the fatigue life. Firstly, the comprehensive evaluation of surface integrity (CESI) was modeled by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The weights of selected important factors, such as surface roughness (Ra), surface residue stress (SRS), and full width at half maximum (FWHM), were calculated. Then aimed at minimizing Ra, SRS −200 MPa and maximizing FWHM, the single-factor improvements were achieved under different parameter combination, respectively. Lastly based on single-factor improvements, the CESI was markedly improved by 64% compared to factory processing. Thus, the proposed approach and methodology can be notably adequate for evaluating and improving the surface integrity comprehensively.
Identification method for the dynamic motion error of the rotary axis based on circular and elliptical test piece cutting
Authors: Hainan Zhang , Sitong Xiang , Chengyang Wu , Kobla Attifu John
Published: June 2022

The rotary axis is crucial for the machining accuracy of five-axis machines, and its motion accuracy is significantly influenced by the dynamic motion error. A test of circular and elliptical test piece cutting is proposed to identify and analyze the dynamic motion error of the rotary axis. The influence of the feed rate on the dynamic motion accuracy is explained. The dynamic motion error can be divided into two types, depending on its source and manifestation: dynamic error inside the servo loop (DEIS) and dynamic error outside the servo loop (DEOS). At different feed rates, elliptical test piece cutting and kinetics analyses are conducted to identify the DEIS, and circular test piece cutting together with double ball bar (DBB) tests are conducted to identify the DEOS. On-machine inspection and the coordinate measuring machine (CMM) calibration are performed. By combining the DBB test and kinetics analysis results, the DEIS and DEOS are identified and analyzed. The experimental verification shows that the DEIS and DEOS change according to the feed rate and can be determined from the machining error of the test piece. Consequently, the proposed method offers an effective reference for improving the motion accuracy of the rotary axis.
Influence of processing and microstructure on the corrosion behavior of ultrafine grained Al 5083 alloy
Authors: Singh Dharmendra , Nageswara Rao Palukuri , Shekhar Rajoria Chandra , Bhamu Jaiprakash , Goel Sunkulp , Raykar Sunil J , Saxena Kuldeep K , Jayaganthan Rangaswamy
Published: June 2022

Ultrafine grained (UFG) material has received significant research interest due to its combination of strength and toughness when compared with its coarse-grained counterpart. In the present investigation, a distinct UFG microstructure of Al 5083 alloy fabricated through cryorolling (CR), CR followed by warm rolling (WR), and CR followed by short annealing (SA) have been subjected to salt immersion, polarization, and intergranular corrosion tests in 3.5% NaCl solution. A salt immersion test revealed that UFG structures have resistance to pitting corrosion for all conditions when compared to their coarse-grained counterpart. The presence of coarse intermetallic second phase particles leads to the formation of micro galvanic cells with matrix resulting in highly localized pitting corrosion in the solution treated (ST) material, whereas crystallographic pits along the lateral direction have been observed in deformed material. The lower values of corrosion current density ( icorr = 3.640 and 3.910 μA/cm2) were observed for CR and WR conditions, respectively, than ST samples ( icorr = 8.140 μA/cm2) were attributed to the presence of a higher volume fraction of low angle grain boundaries along with a high density of dislocations. SA after CR has slightly increased the corrosion current ( icorr = 3.8 μA/cm2) values thereby shifting the corrosion potentials to a noble direction.
A meta-analysis of the Masquelet technique and the Ilizarov bone transport method for the treatment of infected bone defects in the lower extremities
Authors: Ren Cheng , Li Ming , Ma Teng , Li Zhong , Xu Yibo , Sun Liang , Lu Yao , Wang Qian , Xue Hanzhong , Zhang Kun
Published: June 2022

Purpose:To compare the clinical outcomes of the Masquelet technique and Ilizarov bone transport method for the treatment of patients with infected bone defects in the lower extremities. Methods: Eligible studies were searched from six databases until 12 April 2021. Data extraction was independently conducted by two investigators, which was followed by a quality assessment. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to analyze continuous variables, while odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI were used to analyze categorical variables. All statistical analyses were conducted using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12.0. Results: Thirteen articles were included in this meta-analysis. There was a significant difference observed in hospitalization costs (WMD [95% CI] = −1.75 [−2.50, −0.99] thousand US dollar, p < 0.00,001), final union time (WMD [95% CI] = −4.54 [−6.91, −2.17] months, p = 0.0002), time to full weight bearing (WMD [95% CI] = −1.73 [−3.36, −0.10] months, p = 0.04), quality of life (WMD [95% CI] = 7.70 [4.74, 10.67], p < 0.00,001), and the risk of complications (OR [95%CI] = 0.39 [0.19, 0.79], p = 0.009) between the Masquelet and Ilizarov groups. No significant differences in other outcomes were observed between the two groups. Conclusion: Masquelet technique exhibited the advantages in the lower hospitalization cost, shorter final union time, shorter time to full weight bearing, lower rate of complications, and better post-operative quality of life, compared with Ilizarov bone transport method. However, this finding should be confirmed in large-scale clinical samples.
Association of platelet indices with glycemic status in diabetic dogs
Authors: Tsouloufi Theodora K. , Soubasis Nectarios , Kritsepi-Konstantinou Maria , Oikonomidis Ioannis L.
Published: June 2022

We investigated the platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), and plateletcrit (PCT) in dogs with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) compared to healthy controls, and their association with the major fraction of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Blood samples from 33 clinically healthy dogs and 14 newly diagnosed diabetic dogs were included. CBCs were performed with the Advia 120; HbA1c was determined using a validated assay (Capillarys 2 flex-piercing; Sebia). Median [range] PLT and PCT were significantly higher ( p = 0.040 and p = 0.010, respectively) in diabetic dogs (434 [176–987] × 109/L and 0.60 [0.26–1.22]%, respectively) compared to healthy dogs (297 [223–671] × 109/L and 0.35 [0.24–0.87]%, respectively]. Thrombocytosis was observed in 6 of 14 (43%) diabetic dogs. The median MPV was not significantly different ( p = 0.114) between the diabetic (13.6 fL, 10.1–22.6 fL) and healthy dogs (11.9 fL, 8.6–19.1 fL). A significant, albeit weak, correlation was detected between HbA1c and PLT (rho = 0.298, p = 0.042) and PCT (rho = 0.340, p = 0.019), but no significant correlation was found with MPV (rho = 0.199, p = 0.180). Canine DM was associated with increased PLT and PCT, which was correlated with glycemic status. Our findings suggest dysregulated megakaryopoiesis in diabetic dogs, but this should be confirmed by large-scale studies, and the clinical implications should be investigated.
Issues of Confidentiality and Potential Disability Discrimination in Behavior Intervention Team Responses to College Student Suicidality
Authors: Lund Emily M.
Published: June 2022

In response to concerns about liability and safety, many colleges and universities have instituted Behavior Intervention Teams (BITs) to help assess and intervene with students who may pose a risk of harm to self or others. Students, lawyers, and advocates have raised concerns about some aspects of the implementation of BITs and related institutional policies, particularly with regard to students who are suicidal and those who engage in self-injurious behavior. Specifically, BITs are on complicated legal ground regarding confidentiality, disability civil rights law, and potential discriminatory or disparate treatment of students with psychiatric disabilities. In addition to reviewing the nature and background of BITs, this article reviews the professional, ethical, and legal issues surrounding confidentiality in the context of university intervention with students who are at risk for harm to self and the potentially applicable of disability civil rights law to BIT intervention with students who are suicidal. Suggestions for alternative and supplemental interventions, especially widespread use of suicide gatekeeping, are provided. Finally, the need for advocates who are knowledgeable in disability civil rights law is highlighted.
Self-Report and Administrative Data on Disability and IEP Status: Examining Differences and Impacts on Intervention Outcomes
Authors: Shogren Karrie A. , Pace Jesse R. , Wittenburg David C. , Raley Sheida K. , Hicks Tyler A. , Rifenbark Graham G. , Lane Kathleen Lynne , Anderson Mark H.
Published: June 2022

Differences in perceptions of disability between students and administrators can play a role in youth’s educational experience. This study used data from a cluster randomized controlled trial (C-RCT) of the Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction (SDLMI) to first compare student self-report of disability status to matched administrative data and second to examine the impact of the data source utilized on trial outcomes. The findings demonstrate substantive gaps between self-reports and administrative reports of disability. While some differences might be expected, the size of the differences is notable, especially given that many students identified as having an Individualized Education Program in administrative data did not self-identify as receiving services or having a disability. The findings advance understanding of discrepancies in self-reported disability and administrative data in secondary intervention research. We also found the interpretation of group differences (students with vs. without disabilities) on trial outcomes was sensitive to the source of the data (self vs. administrative) used to establish disability status. This finding can inform future research and policy, as the data source selected to define disability populations across research studies likely has substantive impacts on conclusions drawn about the impact of interventions on students with disabilities. We cannot identify all the factors driving these differences. Nonetheless, the findings underscore the importance of providing clarity about decisions made in defining disability populations in intervention research.
From interaction to transaction: The primacy of movement and the event as irreducible unit
Authors: Roth Wolff-Michael
Published: June 2022

The target article presents an alternative view on cognition through the lens of human practice, which is experienced from within by practitioners and through their course-of-experience. It pays specific heed to micro-phenomenological and semiotic aspects that the situated cognition literature has not in general attended to. However, the proposed framework can be read as reducing events to self-identical actors, organisms, environment, or signs, which impedes the goal of overcoming the body-mind Cartesian dualism. This commentary focuses on two issues. First, experiencing, as event, needs to be analyzed by means of categories that retain the its evental qualities. This cannot be done by attempting to breathe life into people and things through enaction. Second, human life and any of its parts, as irreducibly transactional phenomena, are essentially and originarily social.
Management of Steroid-Refractory Gastrointestinal Immune-Related Adverse Events
Authors: Brongiel Samantha , Rychalsky Kristen L. , Luon Darren , Johnson Aubrey R. , Price Christina , Abdelghany Osama
Published: June 2022

Background:

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) cause inflammatory immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which are often effectively managed with steroids. Less is known about the best management of irAEs refractory to steroid treatment.

Objective:

We aimed to assess the efficacy of second-line medications used to treat gastrointestinal (GI) irAEs.

Methods:

This study was a single-center, retrospective medical record review of patients who received steroids for an ICI GI irAE and at least one dose of infliximab, vedolizumab, or adalimumab for irAE treatment from March 25, 2011 to September 20, 2019, approved by Yale University’s Institutional Review Board. Our primary objective was to assess the efficacy of second-line treatment, measured by the change in the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 5.0 grading system.

Results:

A total of 39 patients met inclusion criteria. Treatment for steroid-refractory GI irAEs demonstrated a high response rate, with irAE resolution seen in 89.7% of patients. Patients who were specifically initiated on infliximab within 14 days of starting steroids had a higher percent resolution seen in 94.4% of patients. The average time to response, defined as the average days from second-line therapy to reported symptom resolution, was 17 days.

Conclusion and relevance:

Steroid-refractory GI irAEs can be managed effectively in most patients with immunosuppressive therapy, such as infliximab. Furthermore, initiating second-line immunosuppressive therapy within 14 days of steroid failure resulted in a higher rate of symptom resolution.
Romantic Partner Engagement in Muscle-Strengthening Physical Activity: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Karakehayova Magdalena , Smoliak Olga , Milhausen Robin
Published: June 2022

Physical activity is generally regarded as imperative to good health. Given the many health benefits of physical activity and the inclusion of muscle-strengthening physical activity (MSPA) in public health guidelines, an understanding of how romantic partners might foster or inhibit MSPA may be useful in promoting health and relationship quality. This study qualitatively explored how participants (young adults in long-term, dyadic heterosexual relationships) make sense of their partner's engagement in MSPA. The data came from the social media platform Reddit. The thematic analysis suggested five ways in which participants made meaning about MSPA in the context of their romantic relationships. Specifically, participants described experiencing conflict around partner engagement in MSPA, dissatisfaction with the partner's body, concern for partner's health, insecurity in response to physical changes in the partner, and concerns related to the partner balancing responsibilities and commitments. Limitations and implications of the analysis are discussed.