bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fuel Assembly Design for Supercritical Water-Cooled Reactor
Authors: Linna Feng , Fawen Zhu
Published: June 2015

The supercritical water-cooled reactor (SWCR) has been selected as one of the most promising reactors for Generation IV nuclear reactors due to its higher thermal efficiency and more simplified structure compared to the state-of-the-art light water reactors (LWRs). However, there are a large number of potential problems that must be addressed, particularly the fuel assembly design of the SCWR. SCWRs are a kind of high-temperature, high-pressure, water-cooled reactor that operates above the thermodynamic critical point of water (374°C, 22.1 MPa). Corrosion and degradation of materials used in supercritical water environments are determined by several environment- and material-dependent factors. In particular, irradiation-induced changes in microstructure and microchemistry are major concerns in a nuclear reactor. Many structural materials including alloys and ceramics have been proposed for use as SCWR components or materials for applying protective coatings in SCWRs. In this paper, the present status of supercritical fuel assembly design at home and abroad is reported. According to the special requirements of supercritical core design, a kind of configuration design of fuel assembly with two-flow core and using SiC as cladding material are proposed. The analysis results have shown that the design basically meets the requirements of fuel assembly design, which has good feasibility and performance.
Thermal Hydraulics of Accelerator-Driven System Using RELAP5 Code
Authors: Kumari Indu , Khanna Ashok
Published: June 2015

A lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE)-cooled accelerator-driven system (ADS) of 30 MeV and 0.5 mA proton beam has been simulated. The performance of this 15-kW ADS has been analyzed for three coolants (LBE, air, and water), all under variable and constant heat loads using the thermal hydraulic code RELAP5/Mod4.0. Steady-state simulation results for temperature of coolants match the reported design values within 3.2% of relative error. The effect of variation of mass flow rate on power extraction has also been evaluated for the three coolants, namely, LBE, air, and water.
Psychological and Cultural Components Affecting Rail Worker Culture: A Literature Review
Authors: Placencia Greg
Published: June 2015

Developing and maintaining a healthy work environment is an important consideration to the rail industry. Several theories have been advanced to examine, understand, and influence how workers function and interact within their working environments. These include motivational theories such as Taylor’s Theory of Scientific Management and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, models of moral develop such as developed by Kohlberg and Gilligan, theories of personality types like Myers–Brigg and Keirsey, and the theory of cultural dimensions developed by Hofstede. Positive work environments can contribute to safe and efficient operations, while negative work environments almost inevitably degrade performance and increase the potential for injury and accidents. Therefore understanding and managing these elements properly can greatly contribute to better organizational outcomes. This paper will then examine the underlying role of human behavior as determined by these theories appear to have played in 5 incidents at Metro–North Railroad in 2013–2014.
Capacity Allocation in Vertically Integrated Railway Systems: A Rubinstein Sequential Bargaining Game Approach
Authors: Talebian Ahmadreza , Zou Bo
Published: June 2015

The present paper proposes, for the first time, a game-theoretic bargaining based approach to allocating rail line capacity in the vertically integrated US rail system. A passenger rail agency (PRA) negotiates with a freight railroad (FRR) to obtain appropriate train paths. This market has specific features: FRR charges PRA a fee for access to the railroad; on the other hand, FRR compensates PRA for delayed services. In addition, by US Public Law 110-432 Amtrak passenger trains have priority over all freight trains. Passenger demand is elastic with respect to the service schedule convenience. With these features explicitly taken into account, a multi-step, game-theoretic bargaining model is put forward. We analytically solve this game and show that a schedule that maximizes the sum of utilities of PRA and FRR is the efficient one. We derive the equation yielding the net internal transfer between the two entities, and show that which player initiating the bargaining game does not change the equilibrium schedule, but alters the net internal transfer.
Air Entrainment and the Fabrication of Concrete Railroad Ties
Authors: Albahttiti Mohammed T. , Ghadban Ahmad A. , Riding Kyle A. , Lange David
Published: June 2015

Handling and vibration can affect the air content of prestressed concrete railroad ties. The amount and variation in vibration experienced in concrete railroad ties were investigated to determine the concrete fabrication conditions typically used. Two methods of fabrication were investigated by measuring the concrete properties and vibration exposure during placement at two concrete tie manufacturing plants. In addition to measuring the vibration distribution in concrete railroad ties, a pair of ties were selected for hardened-air void analyses to determine any variation of air content in relation to the height of the ties. The vibration results indicate the existence of constructive and destructive wave-interferences in tie cavities. These interferences may contribute to large variations in the vibration acceleration throughout the length, depth, and width of concrete crossties during fabrication. This may account for the air-loss across the depth of the ties.
Structural Behavior of Rail Fastening System Used for Recycled Plastic Composite Crossties
Authors: Lotfy Ibrahim , Farhat Maen , Issa Mohsen A.
Published: June 2015

Currently, the railroad industry is leaning towards alternative solutions to hardwood timber for crossties applications. This trend is part of an effort to increase train speeds beyond the wooden crossties capacity and minimize the negative environmental effects associated with them. Among the available alternatives are recycled plastic composite crossties. Their sustainably, environmental benefits, durability performance and ease of installation or one to one replacement of timber crossties render them an attractive and competitive solution. Several research programs have studied this material in the past. However, additional research is required to fully understand the behavior of these materials. This study aims to investigate the performance of fastening system used for recycled High Density Polyethylene crossties. The study encompasses comprehensive experimental investigations and analytical finite element modeling. The testing program evaluated each of the fastening system components using static test methods recommended by the AREMA manual. These tests addressed the spike pullout and lateral restraint for both screw and cut spikes as well as the fastening system uplift behavior. Moreover cyclic testing was also conducted on the full system to study the interactions of the fastening system components with the plastic composite crosstie. Finite element models were constructed and calibrated using the experimental data in order to extrapolate on the experimental results and predict different scenarios. The results observed in this study showed great promise highlighting the potential of these material if properly optimized and engineered.
Multiple Frequency Ultrasonic Detection of Subsurface Near-Race Inclusions for Improved Fatigue Life Performance
Authors: Hu Ping , Turner Joseph A. , Tarawneh Constantine , Wilson Brent , Fuller Allen J.
Published: June 2015

The importance of steel cleanliness for the performance of tapered roller bearings has been clearly established and has led to on-going improvements in steel production methods. The presence of non-metallic impurities within the steel can result in hard/brittle inclusions that may serve as initiation sites for damage due to sub-surface rolling contact fatigue (RCF) if the inclusions lie within the near-race of the bearing components due to the high mechanical stress present. Current inspection standards define steel cleanliness with respect to bulk inclusion morphology, which limits inspection to a small area that may or may not be representative of the entire steel heat. In this presentation, ultrasonic surface wave methods are described for detecting subsurface inclusions directly on finished bearing inner and outer rings. We expand on our previous work to exploit the different inspection depths that can be achieved with different measurement frequencies. The impact of the different inspection depths is quantified through simulated service life testing with heavy axle loading conditions. For this study, bearing components were first subjected to ultrasonic surface wave testing at three different frequencies to identify near-race inclusions. The simulated service life testing was then used to assess the onset and propagation of RCF failure. RCF spall initiations correlated highly with the positions identified by the ultrasonic inspections suggesting that this approach has a predictive potential. However, additional research is needed to establish the specific criteria needed for such predictions with respect to the inclusion location along the race, the depth from the race surface, the inclusion morphology and the inclusion mechanical properties. This work is anticipated to improve the understanding of RCF damage initiation which will lead a higher level of safety for railroad operations.
Inferring freeze-out parameters from pion measurements at RHIC and LHC
Authors: Sett Priyanka , Shukla Prashant
Published: June 2015

We analyze the transverse momentum spectra of charged pions measured in Au + Au collisions at [Formula: see text] and in Pb + Pb collisions at [Formula: see text] using the Tsallis distribution modified to include transverse flow. All the spectra are well described by the modified Tsallis distribution in an extended transverse momentum range upto 6 GeV/c. The kinetic freeze-out temperature (T), average transverse flow (β) and degree of nonthermalization (q) are obtained as a function of system size for both the energies. With increasing system size β shows increasing trend whereas T remains constant. While the systems at RHIC and LHC energies show similar β and q, the parameter T is higher at LHC as compared to RHIC. The kinetic freeze-out temperature is also extracted using the measured charged particle multiplicity and HBT volume of the system as a function of system size and collision energies.
A search of new physics with $D_{s}^{+}\rightarrow D^{+}\upsilon\overline{\upsilon}, B_{s}^{0}\rightarrow B^{0}\upsilon\overline{\upsilon}, K^{+}\rightarrow\pi^{+}\overline{\upsilon}\upsilon, D^{+}\rightarrow\pi^{+}\overline{\upsilon}\upsilon, D^{0}\rightarrow\pi^{0}\overline {\upsilon}\upsilon$ and $D_{s}^{+}\rightarrow K^{+}\overline{\upsilon}$
Authors: Mahmood Shakeel , Tahir Farida , Mir Azeem
Published: June 2015

We study the rare mesonic decays [Formula: see text]and [Formula: see text] for the search of new physics (NP) in the form of nonstandard neutrino interactions (NSIs). We calculate branching ratios (BRs) of these decays in the framework of NSIs. We try to explore the possibility for second and third generations of quarks in NSIs, exactly on the same footing as for leptonic case we have [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We show that there exist a possibility for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] also from these reactions. Three other processes [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are investigated with s and b quarks in the loop for NSIs instead of d quark only. Constraints on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] (where q = s, b and l, l′ ≠ τ) are provided. We point out that constraints for u, c and t quarks are equal [Formula: see text] and similarly for d, s and b quarks the constraints are equal [Formula: see text].
STM STUDY OF THE ADSORPTION OF SINGLE-MOLECULE MAGNETFe4ONBi(111) SURFACE
Authors: LUO YUAN , LUO LAN , SUN KAI , TAO MIN-LONG , WANG JUN-ZHONG
Published: June 2015

Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) have unique magnetic properties such as quantum tunneling of magnetization and quantum coherent oscillation, which have potential applications in quantum computation and information storage. In this paper, using the tip-deposition method, we have grafted individual Fe4molecules onto the semi-metallic Bi (111) surface. Low temperature scanning tunneling microscope (LT-STM) was used to characterize the molecular morphology and electronic structures. It was found that individual Fe4molecules reveal a triangle shape, which is consistent with the molecular structure of Fe4. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) analysis indicated that the HOMO–LUMO gap is 0.49 eV. These studies provide direct information about the adsorption of individual SMMs on semi-metal surfaces.
Functional and Structural Abnormalities in Deferoxamine Retinopathy: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Di Nicola Maura , Barteselli Giulio , Dell’Arti Laura , Ratiglia Roberto , Viola Francesco
Published: June 2015

Deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) is the most commonly used iron-chelating agent to treat transfusion-related hemosiderosis. Despite the clear advantages for the use of DFO, numerous DFO-related systemic toxicities have been reported in the literature, as well as sight-threatening ocular toxicity involving the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The damage to the RPE can lead to visual field defects, color-vision defects, abnormal electrophysiological tests, and permanent visual deterioration. The purpose of this review is to provide an updated summary of the ocular findings, including both functional and structural abnormalities, in DFO-treated patients. In particular, we pay particular attention to analyzing results of multimodal technologies for retinal imaging, which help ophthalmologists in the early diagnosis and correct management of DFO retinopathy. Fundus autofluorescence, for example, is not only useful for screening patients at high-risk of DFO retinopathy, but is also a prerequisite for identify specific high-risk patterns of RPE changes that are relevant for the prognosis of the disease. In addition, optical coherence tomography may have a clinical usefulness in detecting extent and location of different retinal changes in DFO retinopathy. Finally, this review wants to underline the need for universally approved guidelines for screening and followup of this particular disease.
A Single Centre Analysis of Clinical Characteristics and Treatment of Endocrine Pancreatic Tumours
Authors: Adil M. T. , Nagaraja R. , Varma V. , Mehta N. , Kumaran V. , Nundy S.
Published: June 2015

Background. Endocrine Pancreatic Tumours (PENs) are rare and can be nonfunctioning or functioning. They carry a good prognosis overall though high grade lesions show a relatively shorter survival. The aim of the current study is to describe a single centre analysis of the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment of PENs.Patients and Methods. This is a cohort analysis of 40 patients of PENs who underwent surgery at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India, from 1995 to 2013. Patient particulars, clinical features, surgical interventions, postoperative outcome, and followup were done and reviewed. The study group was divided based on grade (G1, G2, and G3) and functionality (nonfunctioning versus functioning) for comparison.Results. PENs comprised 6.3% of all pancreatic neoplasms (40 of 634). Twenty-eight patients (70%) had nonfunctioning tumours. Eighteen PENs (45%) were carcinomas (G3), all of which were nonfunctioning. 14 (78%) of these were located in the pancreatic head and uncinate process (P=0.09). The high grade (G3) lesions were significantly larger in size than the lower grade (G1 + G2) tumours (7.0 ± 3.5 cms versus 3.1 ± 1.6 cms,P=0.007). Pancreatoduodenectomy was performed in 18 (45%), distal pancreatectomy in 10 (25%), and local resection in 8 (20%) and nonresective procedures were performed in 4 patients (10%). Fourteen patients (35%) had postoperative complications. All G3 grade tumours which were resected had positive lymph nodes (100%) and 10 had angioinvasion (71%). Eight neoplasms (20%) were cystic, all being grade G3 carcinomas, while the rest were solid. The overall disease related mortality attributable to PEN was 14.3% (4 of 28) and for malignant PENs was 33.3% (4 of 12) after a mean follow-up period of 49.6 months (range: 2–137 months).Conclusion. Majority of PENs are nonfunctioning. They are more likely malignant if they are nonfunctioning and large in size, show cystic appearance, and are situated in the pancreatic head. Early surgery leads to good long term survival with acceptable postoperative morbidity.
Relevance of Toxicity Assessment in Wastewater Treatments: Case Study—Four Fenton Processes Applied to the Mineralization of C.I. Acid Red 14
Authors: Idel-aouad Rajaa , Valiente Manuel , Gutiérrez-Bouzán Carmen , Vilaseca Mercè , Yaacoubi Abdlrani , Tanouti Boumediene , López-Mesas Montserrat
Published: June 2015

Fenton and Fenton-like processes, both in homogeneous and heterogeneous phases, have been applied to an aqueous solution containing the dye AR 14 in order to study the mineralization and toxicity of the solutions generated after color elimination. The mineralization of AR 14 occurred slower than the decolorization. The Microtox analysis of the treated solutions showed low toxicity intrinsic to the chemicals used in the process rather than the degradation products obtained after the treatment of the dye solution. The dye degradation for the Fenton oxidation process was initially faster than for the Fenton-like process but after a short time, the four processes showed similar degradation yields. All processes have shown good results being the heterogeneous process the most convenient since the pH adjustment is not necessary, the catalyst is recovered and reused and the generation of contaminated sludge is avoided.
PECULIARITIES OF CHEMIORESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS SPREAD IN TERNOPIL REGION IN RECENT YEARS
Authors: Vynnychuk N.A. , Kymnyuk S.I.
Published: June 2015

The article presents the results of the study of susceptibility of M. tuberculosis isolated from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in 2007 to -2013 in the Ternopol region (Ukraine) The positive tendency of increasing the rate of susceptibility of M. tuberculosis anti-TB drugs in 2013 in comparison 2007 in patients with new tuberculosis and other cases of tuberculosis but not recidivation was marked in Ternopil region.

In patients with new tuberculosis the number of pathogens which were susceptible to anti-TB drugs of the first line I for this period increased on 12,6%, while in patients with re-treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, except recidivation - increased in 1,7 times, and in patients with of pulmonary tuberculosis relapses this index fluctuated between 27,1-47,6%.

The relative amount of multiresistant strains during this period has deeply increased. Thus, in patients with new pulmonary tuberculosis twofold increase of the rate of multidrug-resistant strains in 2012 compared to 2010-2011 years was revealed. The same trend was observed in patients with tuberculosis recidivation.

The attention was paid to the priority of the introduction of modern express methods of tuberculosis diagnosis and examination of susceptibility of its causative agents to antimycobacterial drugs. It will permit to correct antimycobacterial treatment in time, and reduce the number of relapses and appearance of chronic pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with multiresistant pathogens.
Первинний рак печінки: захворюваність, причини, діагностика та лікування
Authors: Дрижак В. І. , Назарко Г. І. , Зюбровський А. П. , Баранніков К. В.
Published: June 2015

У роботі представлено результати досліджень показників захворюваності на первинний рак печінки (ПРП), ролі ймовірних етіологічних чинників у гепатоканцерогенезі та стану діагностики і лікування. Встановлено, що захворюваність на ПРП у Тернопільській області становить 3,6-4,1 на 100 тис. населення і вважається низькою. Основними причинами виникнення ПРП є, вірогідно, перенесений вірусний гепатит і хронічний алкоголізм, трансформовані в цироз печінки. У 88,7 % хворих ПРП виявляється на пізніх стадіях хвороби. УЗД і КТ повинні використовуватись як метод скринінгу ПРП при профілактичних оглядах груп ризику. Хіміотерапія в режимі системної внутрішньовенної монотерапії (5-фторурацил) малоефективна.
ЦИТОХІМІЯ НЕЙТРОФІЛІВ У ПРОГНОЗУВАННІ ПЕРЕБІГУ РАНОВОГО ПРОЦЕСУ
Authors: Барінова М. Е. , Свірідов М. В. , Сулаєва О. М.
Published: June 2015

У роботі проведено оцінку активності ферментів, залучених до киснезалежних та кисненезалежних систем антимікробного захисту нейтрофілів у динаміці лікування за умов загоєння та тривалого незагоєння ран стоп у 22 хворих на цукровий діабет. Визначено, що загоєння ран асоційоване з нормалізацією балансу між швидкою та повільною фазами бактеріолізу, відновленням потужності початково та термінально ланок кисень-залежного антимікробного захисту нейтрофілів
МОРФОЛОГІЧНІ ПРОЯВИ АПОПТОТИЧНОЇ ЗАГИБЕЛІ КЛІТИН ЛІМФОВУЗЛІВ І ТИМУСА МИШЕЙ ПРИ ЗАСТОСУВАННІ КОНКАНАВАЛІНУ А
Authors: Бризгіна Т. М. , Сухіна В. С. , Грушка Н. Г. , Макогон Н. В.
Published: June 2015

Досліджували рівень спонтанної й індукованої дексаметазоном і етопозидом апоптотичної загибелі, а також морфологічні прояви апоптозу в клітинах лімфовузлів і тимуса мишей в умовах ушкодження печінки введенням Т-клітинного мітогена конканаваліну А ( КонА, 15 і 30 мг/кг). Метод прижиттєвого подвійного забарвлення клітин тимуса і лімфовузлів (культивованих протягом 18 годин) флуоресцентними барвниками Хехст 33342 і пропідіум йодид дозволив диференціювати апоптоз на ранніх (конденсація хроматину) і пізніх (пікноз і фрагментація ядер) його стадіях, а також виявити клітини з ознаками вторинного (постапоптотичного) некрозу. Встановлено, що за умов введення КонА дозозалежно посилювався індукований апоптоз клітин лімфовузлів і збільшувався відсоток клітин на пізніх стадіях  апоптозу з ушкодженням плазматичної мембрани. Спостерігалося підвищення відсотка клітин лімфовузлів і тимуса з морфологічними ознаками постапоптотичного некрозу, а також загальної кількості клітин з втратою цілості плазматичної мембрани. Значне посилення постапоптотичного некрозу може бути одним з механізмів виникнення і посилення запальних процесів в печінці
УЛЬТРАСТРУКТУРНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПЛАЦЕНТИ В РІЗНІ ТЕРМІНИ БЕЗВОДНОГО ПЕРІОДУ
Authors: Гончаренко Н. П. , Стеченко Л. О. , Лакоташ В. П. , Куфтерєва Т. П. , Іщенко І. С.
Published: June 2015

Методом електронної мікроскопії досліджений ворсинчастий хоріон плаценти породіль з недоношеною вагітністю строком 33-34 тижні у різні терміни після передчасного розриву плідних оболонок (ПРПО): 1) 5-6 годин безводного періоду (контроль); 2) 30-33 години безводного проміжку; 3) 45-48 годин після витоку плідних вод; 4) 9 діб після ПРПО. Встановлено, що термінальні ворсинки 33-34 тижневих плацент в усі досліджені терміни безводного періоду (від 5-6 годин до 9 діб) мають принципово однотипну ультраструктурну організацію, головними компонентами яких є синцитіотрофобласт, цитотрофобласт та його похідний – фібриноїд, кровоносні мікросудини. Прогресування ультраструктурних змін в усіх цих структурах відбулося поступово в динаміці пролонгування безводного періоду і мало, як правило, зворотний характер. Відсутність імунокомпетентних клітин в термінальних ворсинках в усі терміни спостережень свідчить про те, що при подовженому безводному періоді не відбувається поширеності інфекції та розвитку запальних і аутоімунних процесів у плаценті. Отримані дані можуть бути теоретичним підгрунтям вибору тактики ведення пологорозродження після ПРПО при недоношеній вагітності.
ЯКІСТЬ ЖИТТЯ ПАЦІЄНТІВ З ХРОНІЧНИМ ПАНКРЕАТИТОМ І СУПУТНІМ АСКАРИДОЗОМ
Authors: Дроняк Ю. В. , Бабінець Л. С.
Published: June 2015

РЕЗЮМЕ. У статті наведені результати проведеного порівняльного аналізу якості життя пацієнтів з хронічним
панкреатитом та супутнім аскаридозом. При хронічному панкреатиті із супутнім аскаридозом у хворих було
констатовано достовірно нижчий рівень показників якості життя за всіма шкалами як неспецифічного опитувальника
SF-36, так і специфічного для патологі шлунково-кишкового тракту опитувальника GSRS. Це засвідчило об ’єктивну
обтяжуючу роль супутнього аскаридозу на перебіг хронічного панкреатиту [3, 4].
КЛЮЧОВІ СЛОВА: хронічний панкреатит, аскаридоз, якість життя, опитувальники SF-36 та GSRS.
ВИВЧЕННЯ ВПЛИВУ а-ЛІПОЄВО КИСЛОТИ НА ПОВЕДІНКОВІ РЕАКЦІ У ЩУРІВ З ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНИМ ЕКВІВАЛЕНТОМ РОЗСІЯНОГО СКЛЕРОЗУ
Authors: Нефьодов О. О. , Кулик О. В.
Published: June 2015

Однією з актуальних патологій нейродегенеративного характеру є розсіяний склероз (РС) - хронічне аутоімунне захворювання, при якому
уражається мієлінова оболонка нервових волокон
головного і спинного мозку. Захворювання виникає
в молодому і середньому віці (15-40 років).
Особливістю хвороби є одночасне ураження кількох
різних відділів нервово системи, що призводить
до появи у хворих різноманітних неврологічних
симптомів.
ДИСТАНЦІЙНА СИСТЕМА НАВЧАННЯ ЯК ЗАСІБ ДЛЯ ЗДОБУТТЯ ОСВІТНЬОЇ КВАЛІФІКАЦІЇ БАКАЛАВРА ТА МАГІСТРА МЕДСЕСТРИНСТВА В ТЕРНОПІЛЬСЬКОМУ ДЕРЖАВНОМУ МЕДИЧНОМУ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІ ІМЕНІ І.Я.ГОРБАЧЕВСЬКОГО
Authors: Martsenyuk V. P. , Reha N. I. , Horodetskyi V. Ye.
Published: June 2015

The article deals with the questions implementation of distant education for qualification Bachelor and Master of Nursing at Ternopil State Medical University by I. Ya. Horbachevsky.
Out of Africa: did Emys orbicularis occidentalis cross the Strait of Gibraltar twice?
Authors: Velo-Antón Guillermo , Pereira Paulo , Fahd Soumia , Teixeira José , Fritz Uwe
Published: June 2015

The narrow Strait of Gibraltar has separated the African and European continents since the Miocene (5.3 Mya), with a different degree of permeability for Mediterranean taxa. Southern and northern regions of the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco, respectively, are key areas to evaluate the colonization dynamics and biogeographic history of taxa occurring at both sides of this strait. The Ibero-Maghrebian subspecies of the European pond turtle,Emys orbicularis occidentalis, is patchily distributed and threatened throughout most of the Iberian Peninsula and northern Morocco and its origin is thought to be in North Africa. Here we expand the geographic sampling across the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco, with special emphasis in the southern tip of the peninsula and northern Morocco, and analyze mtDNA sequences of 183E. o. occidentalisto better understand the complex biogeographic history of this subspecies. We provide for the first time evidence for shared haplotypes of Iberian and North African pond turtles, with an additional haplotype in the southern Iberian Peninsula derived from Moroccan haplotypes. This supports the hypothesis that the Strait of Gibraltar constitutes no significant biogeographic barrier forE. orbicularis. However, the newly discovered shared, or extremely similar, haplotypes of European pond turtles from the southern Iberian Peninsula and Morocco suggest either that at least two independent natural colonization waves from Morocco have reached the Iberian Peninsula or that Moroccan turtles were accidentally or deliberately introduced there.
The Post-Islamist Turn and the Contesting Visions of Democratic Public Religion
Authors: Saffari Siavash
Published: June 2015

This article examines the relationship between religion and sociopolitical development in the context of the re-emergence of popular social movements in Muslim societies in the Middle East and North Africa. It makes a case that despite the decline of Islamism as a mode of social mobilization, religion maintains an active presence within the public sphere. Focusing on the religious-political discourses of Abdolkarim Soroush and neo-Shariatis, as the representatives of two distinct post-Islamist currents in post-revolutionary Iran, the article identifies some of the capacities and limitations of their particular conceptions of democratic public religiosity for contributing to the ongoing processes of change in Iran and other contemporary Muslim societies.
The Arab Summer and Its Discontents
Authors: Heydarian Richard J.
Published: June 2015

The paper looks at the roots of the Arab Spring, the subsequently contentious political landscape, which emerged in post-revolutionary Middle East, and the series of conflicts and dizzying challenges, which have gripped much of the region. Principally, it examines, historically, the distinct combination of (structural, agential, and triggering) factors, which led to the Arab uprisings as well as the role of moderate, mass-based Islamist movements, principally the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood (mb) and its offshoots, which managed to rise to power, in certain countries, after the downfall of Arab strongmen across the region. But, shortly after, to be followed by the unceremonious demise of Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood (mb), and the ensuing region-wide backlash against its offshoots in 2013. The paper argues, after a careful examination of the structural roots of the 2010–11 Arab uprisings, that one of the principal pitfalls of the ruling Islamist parties was their inability to establish a credible mode of governance, which could decisively mark a break with the old order. They failed to provide an alternative economic agenda to address the structural maladies of the crony capitalism, which emerged on the heels of accelerating market-oriented reforms in the 1990s. The influence of Arab Sheikhdoms on Arab Transition Countries (atcs), and their support for ultra-conservative Salafi groups, further diluted the process of democratic transition, leading to, among other things, the breakdown of the political process in Egypt.
Beyond Resurgent ‘Islamists’ and Enlightened ‘Secularists’
Authors: Wender Andrew M.
Published: June 2015

This article analyzes emblematic media, policymaking, and scholarly discourses depicting religion within states and societies affected by the Arab uprisings. By early 2011, supposed expert assessments emanating from outside the Middle East, as well as some voices within the region, postulated that the uprisings were about citizens’ worldly strivings, rather than clerics’ claims to transcendent truth—only to shift, subsequently, to plaintive assertions that ‘Islamists’ were now emerging from hiding to ‘hijack’ the ‘Arab Spring’ from ‘secular’ activists. The article deconstructs the oppositional pair ‘Islamist/secularist’, and related identifiers like ‘fanatic’ and ‘terrorist’, to investigate the reductionist construction of Islam, and binary conceptions of religion and secularity, that are thereby intimated. Ultimately, it is asked whether the uprisings might pose a signal opportunity for questioning the constrained horizons, and lost possibilities for human freedom, fulfillment, and connection with the sacred, of discourses that objectify and delimit religious experience.
Does International Law matter?
Authors: Rygiel Philippe
Published: June 2015

We look here at the work and action pertaining to the regulation of migrations of international lawyers belonging to the Institut de Droit International (IDI) during the four decades before the First World War. We show that interest for the rights of foreigners in western states and the circulation of people derived both from the liberal agenda these lawyers shared and the will to regulate the interactions between states that could produce conflict. The idi devised during that period a coherent set of rules and recommendations insisting on a minimal protection of refugees, and the necessity of granting foreigners and nationals equal civil rights. The position of power the members of this liberal network shared enabled them shortly before the First World War to ensure that some of these provisions became shared legal norms, even if for a short time and only for some European states.
Wisitrassameewong, K., Nuytinck, J., Le, H.T., De Crop, E., Hampe, F., Hyde, K.D. & Verbeken, A. (2015) Lactarius subgenus Russularia (Russulaceae) in South-East Asia: 3. new diversity in Thailand and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 207 (3): 215–241.
Authors: Wisitrassameewong K. , Nuytinck J. , Le H.T , De Crop E , Hampe F , Hyde K.D , Verbeken A
Published: June 2015

Three corrections been made.
A study of kinetics and successive sorption/desorption of Zn and Cd uptake onto iron-modified zeolite
Authors: Ugrina Marin , Medvidović Nediljka Vukojević , Perić Jelena , Trgo Marina
Published: June 2015

The sorption properties of iron-modified zeolite (IMZ) and the kinetics of zinc and cadmium uptake by the IMZ were investigated by the batch method. Two kinetic stages were observed, fast uptake up to 240 min, followed by slow uptake up to equilibrium. Kinetic results were fitted to the reaction and diffusion kinetic models, which indicated that intra-particle diffusion was the rate-limiting step. The Vermeulen’s approximation model was used to predict the quantity of Zn and Cd ions removed per gram of IMZ. The results of the successive sorption and desorption of Zn and Cd ions, with different electrolyte solutions, showed the best desorption efficiency with sodium salt solutions. Four successive repetitions of the sorption/desorption cycles showed a small difference between the amount of sorbed and desorbed Zn and Cd ions from the second to the fourth cycle. This indicates excellent sorption/regeneration properties of the IMZ.
Durability Improvement of Pt/RGO Catalysts for PEMFC by Low-Temperature Self-Catalyzed Reduction
Authors: Sun Kang Gyu , Chung Jin Suk , Hur Seung Hyun
Published: June 2015

Pt/C catalyst used for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) displays excellent initial performance, but it does not last long because of the lack of durability. In this study, a Pt/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) catalyst was synthesized by the polyol method using ethylene glycol (EG) as the reducing agent, and then low-temperature hydrogen bubbling (LTHB) treatment was introduced to enhance the durability of the Pt/RGO catalyst. The cyclic voltammetry (CV), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) analysis, and transmittance electron microscopy (TEM) results suggested that the loss of the oxygen functional groups, because of the hydrogen spillover and self-catalyzed dehydration reaction during LTHB, reduced the carbon corrosion and Pt agglomeration and thus enhanced the durability of the electrocatalyst.
Alveolar instability (atelectrauma) is not identified by arterial oxygenation predisposing the development of an occult ventilator-induced lung injury
Authors: Andrews Penny L , Sadowitz Benjamin , Kollisch-Singule Michaela , Satalin Joshua , Roy Shreyas , Snyder Kathy , Gatto Louis A , Nieman Gary F , Habashi Nader M
Published: June 2015

Background

Improperly set mechanical ventilation (MV) with normal lungs can advance lung injury and increase the incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A key mechanism of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is an alteration in alveolar mechanics including alveolar instability or recruitment/derecruitment (R/D). We hypothesize that R/D cannot be identified by PaO2 (masking occult VILI), and if protective ventilation is not applied, ARDS incidence will increase.

Methods

Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 8) were anesthetized, surgically instrumented, and placed on MV. A thoracotomy was performed and an in vivo microscope attached to the pleural surface of the lung with baseline dynamic changes in alveolar size during MV recorded. Alveolar instability was induced by intra-tracheal instillation of Tween and alveolar R/D identified as a marked change in alveolar size from inspiration to expiration with increases in positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels.

Results

Despite maintaining a clinically acceptable PaO2 (55–80 mmHg), the alveoli remained unstable with significant R/D at low PEEP levels. Although PaO2 consistently increased with an increase in PEEP, R/D did not plateau until PEEP was >9 cmH2O.

Conclusions

PaO2 remained clinically acceptable while alveolar instability persisted at all levels of PEEP (especially PEEP <9 cmH2O). Therefore, PaO2 levels cannot be used reliably to guide protective MV strategies or infer that VILI is not occurring. Using PaO2 to set a PEEP level necessary to stabilize the alveoli could underestimate the potential for VILI. These findings highlight the need for more accurate marker(s) of alveolar stability to guide protective MV necessary to prevent VILI.
Literary Innovation in Yiddish Sea Travel Narratives, 1815–24
Authors: Frieden Ken
Published: June 2015

Sea travel was an influential literary genre in Europe in the eighteenth century, and this genre subsequently influenced enlightened and Hasidic Jewish circles. As a result, the genre of sea narratives assumed a significant role in the rise of modern Hebrew and Yiddish literature. This article considers the place of Yiddish sea narratives—adapted from Campe's Reisebeschreibungen and in Hasidic writings—in the early nineteenth century. Both enlightened and Hasidic authors played a role in shaping modern Yiddish and Hebrew prose.
(Religious) belief and atheism from a semiotic viewpoint
Authors: Lepik Peet
Published: June 2015

The article attempts to give a semiotic definition of the intellectual attributes of belief (in its broader sense), religious belief and atheism, treating all three of them as sign systems – cultural languages.To define the formal structure of the phenomenon of religion, five aspects of the corresponding communicative act should be considered – the orientational, the sign-creating, the cognitive, the teleological and the energetic ones. Belief as an orientational act cannot be treated without including autocommunication: the I-you relation is accompanied by the I-I relation in the form of vertical and horizontal topological imaginations. The sign-creating aspect of belief is expressed, on the one hand, in the performative characteristics of utterances (utterance = act) and, on the other hand, in symbolic mnemonic programming. As a cognitive act, communication typical of belief is mythological, expressing identification with the addressee and the subjective eternity of the relation. Teleologically, belief is connected with the existential projection; energetically we treat belief as energeia – the creative force of man. Relying on the Scriptures and theological literature (mainly the works of Paul Tillich), the article analyses the appearance of all these communicative characteristics in religious sign-creating.Atheism as negation of God is formally an antithetic structure of thinking, which is characterized by the symmetry of the antithetic plus-side with the intellectual characteristics of the minus-side. Based on the characteristics of belief, it is particularly interesting to observe how Marx (and his disciples) have “furnishedˮ the orientational, teleological and energetic characteristics of atheism, and how the dedicative structure of thinking has also given birth to earthly gods.
Ntra-Operative Neurophysiological Monitoring During the Removal of Intramedullary Tumors (literary review)
Authors: Федин  , Fedin P. , Шахпаронова  , Shakhparonova N. , Гуща  , Gushcha A. , Буркова  , Burkova E. , Нейматов  , Neymatov E.
Published: June 2015

Progress in the field of neurosurgery and the possibility of total removal of the majority of intramedullary tumors leads to the question about maximum security functions of the spinal cord. The invention and implementation of intra-operative neuro-physiological monitoring (IOM) provides real-time to assess the impact of surgical procedures on the pathways of the spinal cord. Effective and informed monitoring includes an assessment of motor and sensitive ways to complete information about the functions of the spinal cord. Identifying predictors of favorable functional outcome and algorithm development monitoring allows the authors to modify neurosurgical tactics and improve the patient´s quality of life after surgery. This article describes all the methods IOM and physiological factors affecting the monitoring of responses. The authors review data on the effects of different anesthetics on the ability of neurons to conduct impulses and the most favorable combinations of drugs. It is proved that the IOM is effective as predictors of high risk of postoperative complications (4 studies class I and 7 studies of class II). It is important to consider the factors such as experience neurophysiologist and his ability to interpret data, as well as experience of the surgeon in using these data, the actions of the anesthesiologist - the whole process of interaction affects the final outcome of the operation.
Murderous Violence at Work: conflict and aggression in Indian auto factories
Authors: Santanu Sarkar
Published: June 2015

Considerable scholarly attention has been paid to the growing incidence of workplace violence and homicide in India. In seeking to understand the cause of this workplace mayhem, most commentators regard employer repression as playing an important role. This article revisits four recent episodes of workplace homicide and analyses the anecdotal information available in the public domain on these cases, using a multi-level analytical framework. It argues that these incidents can best be understood within a perspective that takes into account not only factors in the specific workplace environment in the context of neoliberal low road employment policies but also the broader social-economic environment of a developing country where rapid industrialisation and migration are taking place in newly urbanised sites characterised by sharp social and economic polarisation.
El saneamiento del barranco de la Albufereta: tentativas en el siglo XX
Authors: Box Amorós Margarita
Published: June 2015

Al NE de la ciudad de Alicante, incluida en su término municipal, se ubica la partida dela Albufereta, lugar que recibe esta denominación por formar parte de la misma una zona que hasta hace relativamente poco tiempo presentaba unas condiciones similares a las connotaciones que el término «albufera» lleva consigo. Se halla situada entre la Sierra de San Julián o Serra Grossa (165,5 m sobre el nivel del mar) y el montículo que constituye el llamado Monte Tossal (36,5 m sobre el nivel del mar). La zona pantanosa se instalaba en el tramo final de una barrancada que desde un sector de las alineaciones que bordean la huerta de Alicante (Loma Redonda, Lomas del Garbinet, Rincón de Santana, Las Paulinas y Monte Calvario), desagua en el Mediterráneo a través de las elevaciones de la Serra Grossa y del Monte Tossal. De todos modos, la delimitación de su cuenca vertiente es, en extremo, imprecisa, dado el grado de antropización a que se halla sometido este sector, hecho que se comprende fácilmente si se tiene en cuenta la larga tradición agrícola del mismo y la atracción que como lugar de residencia tanto definitiva como secundaria ha experimentado en los últimos años.
Valoración de la tradición oral como fuente en el estudio de nubes y tipos de tiempo
Authors: Ramón Morte Alfredo
Published: June 2015

La tradición oral puede aportar informaciones complementarias e incluso decisivas en el estudio del clima; además, su cualidad de sintetizar la percepción empírica durante siglos de experiencias humanas en el medio natural, incrementa su valor para la Geografía. En este trabajo se pretende analizar las apreciaciones populares sobre las formaciones nubosas y su relación con determinados tipos de tiempo.
Aproximación analítica a los sistemas portuarios y su aplicación a los puertos valencianos
Authors: Navarro Vera José Ramón
Published: June 2015

Este trabajo es una introducción a las posibilidades de análisis de sistemas portuarios a través de la teoría de sistemas. A la vez se completa con la aplicación del modelo de Zipf a los puertos del Mediterráneo español.
O Imaginário dos Pacientes acerca da Doença Renal Crônica
Authors: Lima Sebastião Elan Dos Santos , Lima Júnior Joel
Published: June 2015

A Doença Renal Crônica é constituída como uma enfermidade causada por lesão ou perda progressiva e irreversível das funções dos rins, sendo um importante problema médico e de saúde pública. O presente trabalho trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, realizado através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas junto a sete pacientes da UNIRIM Crato-Ce, que realizam hemodiálise três vezes por semana. O estudo objetivou compreender as imagens acerca da doença renal crônica elaborada por estes pacientes. Os resultados mostraram um impacto nas diversas áreas da vida dos entrevistados, desde o diagnóstico e periodicidade nas sessões de hemodiálise. O desconhecimento sobre a doença e tratamento hemodialítico influenciam de forma negativa para o indivíduo. A família apresentou-se como elemento principal na aderência ao tratamento, e a busca de sentidos e forças para enfrentar diariamente a doença foi encontrada na figura de Deus. Um trabalho que englobe o resgate de sentidos, a ressignificação do sofrimento e intervenções mais humanas e com boa vinculação entre equipe assistencial e paciente torna-se essencial no processo de cuidado.
Entrepreneurial Risk Choice and Credit Market Equilibria
Authors: Schumacher Heiner , Gerling Kerstin , Kowalik Michal
Published: June 2015

We analyze under what conditions competitive credit markets are efficient in providing loans to entrepreneurs who can start a new project after failure. An entrepreneur of uncertain talent chooses the riskiness of her project. If banks privately observe the entrepreneur’s risk choices, two equilibria coexist: (1) an inefficient equilibrium in which the entrepreneur realizes a low-risk project and has no access to finance after failure and (2) a more efficient equilibrium in which the entrepreneur first realizes high-risk projects and then, after continuous failures, a low-risk project. There is a non-monotonic relationship between bank information and potential credit market inefficiency. We discuss the implications for credit registers and entrepreneurial education.
M. A. Krasnosel'skii Theorem and Iterative Methods for Solving Ill-Posed Linear Problems
with a Self-Adjoint Operator
Authors: Matysik Oleg , Zabreiko Petr
Published: June 2015

The paper deals with iterative methods for solving linear operator equations

x
=
B
x
+
f

${x = Bx + f}$

and

A
x
=
f

${Ax = f}$

with self-adjoint operators in Hilbert space X in the critical case when

ρ
(
B
)
=
1

${\rho (B) = 1}$

and

0
∈
Sp
A

${0 \in \operatorname{Sp} A}$

. The results obtained are based on a theorem by M. A. Krasnosel'skii
on the convergence of the successive approximations, their modifications and refinements.
Environment-induced fatigue cracking behavior of aluminum alloys and modification methods
Authors: Wang Xi-Shu , Li Xu-Dong , Yang Hui-Hui , Kawagoishi Norio , Pan Pan
Published: June 2015

This paper reviews the current corrosion fatigue strength issues of light metals, which include the corrosion fatigue cracking behaviors, such as the prior-corrosion pit deformation mechanism, the synergistic interaction between prior-corrosion pits and local stress/strain, the coupling damage behavior under mechanical fatigue loading, and the surrounding environmental factors such as a high humidity and a current 3.5 wt.% or 5.0 wt.% NaCl aqueous solution. The characterization of corrosion fatigue crack growth rate based on simple and measurable parameters (crack propagation length and applied stress amplitude or stress intensity factor) is also of great concern in engineering application. In addition, an empirical model to predict S-N curves of aluminum alloys at the environmental conditions was proposed in this paper. One of the main aims was to outline the corrosion fatigue cracking mechanism, which favors the corrosion fatigue residual life prediction of aluminum alloys subjected to the different environmental media that are often encountered in engineering services. Subsequently, this paper explores recently various surface modification technologies to enhance corrosion fatigue resistance and to improve fatigue strength. For example, the fatigue strength of 2024-T4 aluminum alloy has been modified using plasma electrolytic oxidation coating with the impregnation of epoxy resin modification method to compare with other oxide coating or uncoated substrate alloy.