bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the significance of coupling effects of multiple process parameters in 3D printing based on orthogonal experimental method
Authors: Zeng Lianghua , Wu Wenxiong
Published: July 2024

For the semi-cylindrical model, orthogonal experiments and range analysis methods are used to explore the effects of four process parameters, namely layer thickness, printing speed, nozzle temperature, and bottom plate temperature, on the cross-sectional profile error and height error of FDM type 3D printing. This paper summarizes the optimal process plan for various errors and the significance of their impact, providing a certain reference for the coupling mechanism and significance research of process parameters.
Optimization of Ultrasonic Motor Control Based on NARX Neural Network
Authors: Yang Chengju , Li Tianjian , Zhou Shen , Lin Tao
Published: July 2024

Compared with traditional motors, ultrasonic motors have the advantages of small size and no noise and are widely used in modern technological fields. This article proposes a neural network-based ultrasonic motor control method and optimizes it to address the difficulty of controlling ultrasonic motors. Firstly, the principle and equivalent circuit of ultrasonic motors are studied, and a phase-shifted PWM method suitable for driving ultrasonic motors is proposed. Secondly, to meet the nonlinear characteristics of ultrasonic motors, a NARX neural network that can be used for nonlinear systems is adopted for optimization control. Finally, an experimental platform was built for the experiment, and the results showed that the proposed H-bridge driving circuit has a wide input voltage range. After using the NARX neural network, the output voltage of the H-bridge circuit is more stable, which can provide a stable driving voltage for the ultrasonic motor. It can provide a certain reference value for the application of ultrasonic motors in modern technology.
Adaptive low voltage crossing strategy for symmetrical faults of networked inverters
Authors: Mu Longfei
Published: July 2024

Due to the inability of grid-following control methods to compensate for the comprehensive reduction in system inertia, strength, and short-circuit capacity caused by the decreased proportion of synchronous machines, the grid exhibits insufficient resilience to disturbances, leading to severe stability risks in terms of rotor angle, frequency, and voltage. Grid-forming inverters have emerged to address this issue. During symmetrical faults, the low-voltage ride-through of grid-forming inverters often involves freezing the reactive power loop, resulting in a direct output of higher voltage and reactive current. However, an increase in reactive power command leads to a sharp rise in the internal potential magnitude of grid-forming inverters. Upon clearance of the grid fault, the excessively high internal potential may cause a rapid, short-term increase in terminal voltage, potentially resulting in overvoltage, which is detrimental to the operation of grid-connected equipment. In response to this issue, this paper proposes an adaptive low-voltage ride-through control strategy for grid-forming inverters under symmetrical faults controlled by a virtual synchronous machine control method. Initially, a virtual synchronous machine control model is established. Limiting current is achieved through the construction of a fixed virtual impedance loop. The issues associated with fixed virtual impedance current limiting are analyzed, leading to the proposal of an adaptive virtual impedance control strategy. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method is verified through simulation experiments.
Modified EPS Control and Topology Modification for Two-Stage Bidirectional AC-DC Converter for V2G Applications
Authors: Qu Yaohui , Lu Zhengmei , Qiu Wenhui , Xu Guo
Published: July 2024

For the two-stage bidirectional AC-DC converter applied to vehicle-to-grid (V2G), this paper studies the modulation strategy and the topology of the dual active bridge (DAB) converter in the DC-DC stage. Aiming at the problem of large circulating current due to the fixed internal phase shift under the traditional extended phase shift (EPS) control, this paper modified the EPS modulation strategy by deciding whether the internal phase shift is generated by the primary or secondary side based on the voltage gain, which realizes the high-efficiency power transfer under wide voltage gain. To realize the full load range zero voltage switching (ZVS) with junction capacitors taken into account, it is proposed to parallel an additional auxiliary inductor between the bridge arms of the DAB converter, and the operating mechanism and the improved effect are analyzed in detail. Finally, a simulation circuit was built using PSIM software to verify the correctness.
Numerical Simulation of Residual Stresses and Structural Vibration of Welding Repaired Blades
Authors: Zhang Ying , Luo Ruimin , Liang Shuai
Published: July 2024

Taking a typical aero-engine high-pressure compressor blade as the research object, the Gauss heat source was used to numerically simulate the repair process of blade surfacing welding. The temperature data and stress data of the blade were obtained when the heat source velocity was 1 mm/s, 2 mm/s, and 4 mm/s, respectively. The results showed that both the temperature and stress values decreased with the heat source velocity increasing. Then, the residual stress of the repaired blade is introduced into the modal analysis module as prestress, and the Campbell diagram is drawn to analyze the natural frequency and speed margin of the blade respectively. The results show that as the heat source speed increases, the frequencies of each order of the blade decrease. The speed margin of each resonance point is greater than 10%, and the modal dynamic stress corresponding to the resonance speed can be used as the primary criterion for blade failure.
An Approach to Remaining Life Estimation for Power Transformers with Biased Data
Authors: Zhou Hongyu , Yang Yiming , He Yu , Zhang Feiyu
Published: July 2024

Power transformers are among the most important equipment in power systems. Estimating the remaining life of transformers is an important issue for energy companies because of the need for planning maintenance and capital expenditures. Traditional methods fail to provide accurate results mainly because data is incomplete, and there is a significant lack of records of equipment scrapped before 2015. Given this, the study provides a new approach to life estimation for power transformers based on survival analysis. First, the data was selected from only the transformers that were still operating after 2015. Then, a Bayesian survival model with a truncated Weibull distribution is developed to fit the biased data. Parameters are, at last, estimated through maximum likelihood estimation. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method performs well.
Research and Application on High Precision Measurement Method of Large Mesh Antenna Surface
Authors: Pu Lihua , Ma Xiaofei , Liu Boxue , Duan Hao , Yang Le
Published: July 2024

The development process of large mesh antennas requires a significant investment of time and resources for iterative measurements and adjustments to achieve high precision in the large mesh reflector. In this paper, a novel measurement method for the precision of large mesh antenna surfaces is proposed to reduce the development process. Multiple measurement cameras have been utilized to set up a network system, enabling data integration for comprehensive analysis and computational calculations. In this approach, the implementation of a one-click and the rapid measurement function represent substantial advancements. The single measurement time has been successfully reduced from 40 minutes to 2 minutes, which addresses the challenge of high efficiency and precision measurement application on the complex mesh antenna surface. Then the optimization of calibration is accomplished through the meticulous measurement of network patterns, marker points, and reference bars to improve the precision accuracy on the foundation of rapid measurements, combined with the simulation analysis. The final results have been practically verified and successfully applied to model development, which provides a crucial reference for subsequent endeavors involving the rapid and automated measurement of similar antennas.
Thermal Design of Tile Type Active Phased Array Radar Antenna
Authors: Cai Sen , Han Yu , Tang Junhao , Shi Tongwu
Published: July 2024

Based on the structure and heat source distribution characteristics of the tile-type active phased array radar antenna, forced air cooling is adopted for its heat dissipation design. The heat dissipation path and fins of the main heating module of the antenna were designed and calculated, and the reliability of the thermal design was verified through software simulation and thermal testing.
Research on New Energy Transmission Line Fault Localization Method Based on APSVMD-NTEO
Authors: Pan Zhongfeng , Che Wencheng , Du Xiang , Wang Minzhen , Wang Hui , Xu Daming , Xu Wenlong , Zheng Wenyuan
Published: July 2024

Given the new energy transmission line fault, traveling wave head detection difficulties, wave speed uncertainty, positioning errors, and other problems, this paper proposes a new Teager energy operator based on adaptive parameter selection variational mode decomposition (APSVMD) and new energy transmission line fault location method (NTEO). The envelope fuzzy entropy is introduced to select the key parameters of SVM, and the sampling range of the Teager energy operator (TEO) is improved to effectively improve the capture accuracy of the wave head. In terms of fault location, by improving the double-ended traveling wave method, the uncertainty of wave speed and the effect of actual line length error is eliminated, and the ranging error is reduced.
Working mode division and shift schedule extraction of a parallel hybrid power system
Authors: Wang Zexing , He Hongwen , Zhang Yang , Ji Shuang , Duan Zhihui
Published: July 2024

For hybrid electric vehicles, working mode division and shift schedule are two decisive factors affecting vehicle fuel economy. This paper introduces a method for vehicle working mode division and shift schedule determination on the basis of optimal system efficiency. The key index named ‘fuel-electricity conversion efficiency’ is defined and calculated. Via this method, unreasonable gear modes in specific working modes are excluded and the mode transition map and upshifting curves in each working mode are extracted. The simulation results demonstrate that, with the application of the single-motor multi-mode parallel hybrid power system, the proposed mode transition and shifting strategy can increase vehicle fuel economy by 12.99%.
Optimal Capacity Planning of a PV-Battery-Hydrogen System for Microgrid in Grid-Connected Mode
Authors: Xu Zhanpeng , Chen Fuxin , Yang Xuefan , Lu Qinfen
Published: July 2024

To improve the overall economy of the microgrid during the design and planning stage, a microgrid capacity configuration model containing photovoltaic, batteries, and hydrogen storage is proposed in this paper. The model of each equipment unit and the system control method are considered comprehensively. Demand response is utilized for load management, relieving pressure on the generation and storage sides. The configured capacity of each device is obtained by solving the optimization model using an improved particle swarm algorithm. The validity of the model is verified by using case simulations, and the impact of demand response on the allocation results and the influence of the algorithm on the optimization are also analyzed.
Operation optimization of cogeneration microgrid based on deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Sun Huiyu
Published: July 2024

The deep Q learning method is adopted to transform the microgrid model into the Markov decision model to realize the coordinated management and energy optimization of the microgrid. For the problem of the Markov decision model, we cleverly divide the working state of the gas turbine into different gears to meet its requirements. To reduce the fitting difficulty and improve the result accuracy and convergence stability, a linear penalty term was added to the reward function. Considering the operating and environmental costs, in addition to the purchase and sale price of a large power grid, peak and valley electricity price and operation constraints, we further reduce the peak and valley difference and reduce the operating cost. Finally, the output of the battery and the output of the distributed power supply are obtained through simulation verification. Through the peak-shifting and valley-filling function of the battery, it can effectively deal with the fluctuation of peak and valley electricity prices, reducing the peak and valley difference of electric heating load, and providing strong support for sustainable energy management.
Power Network Vulnerability Assessment Based on Electric Power System Cyber Security Simulation Platform
Authors: Chen Chenxi , Shi Kewei , Xiao Yizhao , Tang Fei , Gong Lianghua
Published: July 2024

This paper introduces a modeling approach for the integration of electric power and information networks, along with the creation of an electric power system network simulation platform. The system, achieved through the deep integration of computation, communication, and control technologies, offers new insights into power grid intelligence. The paper discusses the concept of power system vulnerability and presents a modeling scheme that effectively simulates and analyzes power systems. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the impact of cyber attacks under different load conditions is evaluated, revealing that attacks have more severe consequences under heavy loads. In conclusion, this research contributes to enhancing the security and stability of power systems.
Research on the application of fiber-optical current sensor in power battery
Authors: Qiu Xiaowen , Li Guanlin , Wang Facheng , Chen Yadong , Meng Yi , Tie Jun , Li Chun
Published: July 2024

Compared with the total current, the current in each parallel branch will help to achieve better battery management for new energy vehicles. However, today, accurate measurement of branch current is very difficult because the space between branches in the power battery pack is very limited. In this study, the fiber-optic current mini-sensor is used to meet this challenge. A saddle-sensing fiber structure has been designed to achieve surface measurement in response to the specific interconnection of circuitry in battery packs. A computer simulation was used to validate the feasibility, and experimental testing showed positive results. The specific experiments confirmed that the relative error between the saddle fiber-optic current sensor and conventional fiber-optic loop current sensor does not exceed 0.0119%. It meets the requirements of the automotive industry standards.
Electromagnetic characteristics analysis of dual-frequency magnetic single negative metamaterials
Authors: Dong Yunxia , Ren Jiaxin , Hu Mao
Published: July 2024

With the development of multi-frequency wireless transmission technology, it is necessary to expand the research of single-frequency metamaterials in the multi-frequency field. The dual-frequency metamaterial studied adopts a nested square spiral structure, which can resonate at two frequencies, and the real part of the equivalent permeability of metamaterial changes dramatically at the resonance frequency, and the equivalent electromagnetic parameter exhibits anomalous characteristics in the two frequency bands. Firstly, the effects of the number of turns, the width of the copper wire, the spacing of the copper wire, and the length of the outermost edge of inner and outer helical coils are investigated, respectively, using the HFSS software on the resonance frequency of dual-frequency metamaterials, which improves the study of dual-frequency metamaterials with nested square spiral structure. Then, based on the results of the change rule of resonance frequency with the four types of influencing factors, the dual-frequency metamaterials with the real part of the equivalent permeability close to -1 at 6.78 MHz and 13.56 MHz are designed, which is of certain reference significance for the subsequent practical design of dual-frequency metamaterials to satisfy the needs of the project.
Design of dual-quadrant power supply based on bidirectional full-bridge transformation technology
Authors: Yu Feng , Li Bin , Zhang Genmiao , Ying Peng , Xu Zongfei
Published: July 2024

Dual-quadrant programmable power supply is a bidirectional programmable DC power supply that integrates the functional characteristics of power supply and feedback load. This article adopts an automatic hybrid control method based on bidirectional energy flow, which adopts a phase-shifting control method and PWM control method respectively to achieve bidirectional control of power conversion.
Driver circuit design based on NI-6363 data acquisition card for the magnetic fluid deformable mirror
Authors: Li Xiang , Zhao Jiyuan , Zeng Dongsheng , Iqbal Azhar , Wu Zhizheng
Published: July 2024

Commonly used methods for generating diffraction-free beams are prone to signal loss or coding errors. Therefore, a method of generating a diffraction-free beam based on a magnetic fluid deformation mirror (MFDM) with dual-layer actuators is proposed. It can produce the desired wavefront in real-time and has the advantages of a large magnitude of mirror deformation, low manufacturing cost, continuous and smooth surface, and easy expansion of the actuator. In this paper, a driver circuit is designed based on Simulink and NI-6363 data acquisition card for the MFDM with its multi-channel control ability. The experiment result shows that the driver circuit can accurately produce the signal for each channel, and has the advantages of stable output, simple operation, and strong expandability.
Line Selection of Single-Phase Fault Grounding System Based on the Deviation Criterion of Composite Zero-Sequence Admittance
Authors: Zhang Linli , Liu Hejin , Su Guoqiang , Zhang Shidong , You Xinhong
Published: July 2024

The current methods for line selection of small current fault grounding system faults within distribution networks have some limitations. This paper proposes a method based on the deviation criterion of composite zero-sequence admittance for line selection of single-phase fault grounding systems with small currents. First, the derivation formula of zero-sequence admittance for small current grounding systems considering asymmetrical transmission lines is presented. Then, a method based on the deviation criterion of composite zero-sequence admittance is proposed for accurate fault line selection. Finally, a fault model is built by using simulation software and simulation experiments are conducted to verify that this method can rightly select the fault line by significant feature values.
A concentration reflector device of a bifacial photovoltaic module
Authors: Yuan Quanhong
Published: July 2024

At present, the development of bifacial photovoltaic modules is rapid, but there is a lack of concentrating light devices in bifacial photovoltaic modules for power generation. This paper analyzes the changing patterns of solar altitude and azimuth angles and the influence of plane mirror reflection concentrating light on the performance of bifacial photovoltaic power generation. Using MATLAB programming, it calculates the pattern of change of the intensity of reflected light with the installation height h of the plane mirror. Then, a double plane mirror concentrating device is designed, which can do real-time dynamic tracking of the sun’s azimuth and altitude angle and realize the power generation capacity of the PV module is multiplied.
Optimization Design of Temperature Field Distribution for AC High Voltage Parallel Capacitors
Authors: Guo Jiang , Lin Hao , Li Hui , Xu Mengyi , Huang Xiang , Jiang Shengbao
Published: July 2024

With the change in the overall harmonic working background of the system, the harmonic current spectrum borne by high-voltage AC shunt capacitors becomes increasingly complex, particularly with a gradual increase in high-frequency harmonic content. The wide frequency band, large value range, and long duration of harmonic current lead to increased heating of the capacitor. In this paper, a thermal field physical model is established for an AC parallel filter capacitor based on the skin effect, and trends are analysed in the current distribution of the capacitor plate under the skin effect. Furthermore, based on this established model, it is analysed how harmonic order and capacitor placement mode affect temperature field distribution within the capacitor, and it is concluded that these factors impact temperature rise release. This research lays a theoretical foundation for designing capacitor unit structures.
Research on Closed Loop Control of Pulse Power Discharge Frequency
Authors: Kang Zhongjian , Fu Xueyuan
Published: July 2024

During the process of improving unconventional oil and gas reservoirs using electric pulse stimulation, to achieve optimal effects in terms of rock matrix pore dilation and fracturing, it is required that the electric pulse frequency is close to the inherent frequency of the reservoir. In the context of research focused on open-loop control for the discharge frequency of a high-pressure pulse device, the topological structure and mathematical model of the high-pressure pulse discharge device have been established. The analysis of current variations during the discharge process has been conducted. A closed-loop control strategy based on the super-helix sliding mode control has been proposed, along with the introduction of a nonlinear extended state observer. This strategy aims to achieve closed-loop control of the discharge frequency, and its effectiveness and control performance have been verified through simulation.
Cathode failure behavior of ArF excimer laser glow discharge
Authors: Jiang Xiaolei , Zhu Xinghong , Han Tao , Guo Xin
Published: July 2024

In this paper, the failure behavior of the glow discharge cathode of the ArF excimer laser was investigated. The morphology and composition of the cathode were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy spectrometer and high resolution laser confocal microscope. The results show that Ar ions sputtering occurs in the cathode discharge area, resulting in sputtering pit, molten morphology and resolidified particles. Due to the thermal effect induced by sputtering, Zn element evaporates violently, which intensifies the cathode erosion. Argon ion sputtering experiments proved the influence of random sputtering on the generation of sputtering pits. The main failure form of the non-discharge region is the corrosion of F2 molecule, which is dominated by Cu and Zn fluoride, and the fluorination layer is not dense.
Evaluation of soil accelerated corrosion of typical grounding materials used for electrical equipment
Authors: Chen Hao , Zhang Tao , Qiao Xin , Xie Liming , Tan Xiaomeng
Published: July 2024

At present, research methods for soil corrosion include sample weight loss methods, physical and chemical properties research, electrochemical research, indoor accelerated corrosion tests, etc. However, most existing soil corrosion evaluation methods have many drawbacks, such as high research costs, long experimental cycles, long results transformation cycles, and significant environmental limitations. In this paper, based on the electrochemical test results of environmental corrosion factors using typical grounding materials, a corrosion simulation solution load spectrum and an accelerated corrosion experimental system corresponding to the soil corrosion environment level were established. The accelerated corrosion samples were thoroughly studied and analyzed using macroscopic morphology observation, microscopic morphology analysis, and energy spectrum analysis. The results show that the soil accelerated corrosion method has strong stability and small deviation, which applies to the study of accelerated corrosion in the soil environment of grounding materials.
Effect of laser power on microstructure and properties of laser cladding AlCoCrNiSiTi0.5 high-entropy alloy coatings
Authors: Wang Tao , Li Shuang , Chen Haojie , Zhao Hui , Jiao Haichao , Liu Hongwei , Zhao Haitao , Gong Xun
Published: July 2024

Using varying laser powers, an AlCoCrNiSiTi0.5 high-entropy alloy (HEA) coating was applied to the surface of TC4 titanium alloy. The microstructure and phase composition of the coating were examined using several analytical techniques, including energy spectrometer (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), etc., and Vickers hardness tester was used to test the coating’s microhardness at various laser powers. Studies indicate that the coating is mostly made up of the following phases: BCC, FCC, α-Ti, β-Ti, (Si, Al)2Cr, (Ni, Co)Ti2; The coating’s mean hardness under different powers (1400 W, 1600 W, 1800 W) is 1047.87 HV, 1012.68 HV, and 846.72 HV, which is about 2∼3 times of the matrix hardness (347.27 HV). Powder overburning will occur at laser energies greater than 1800 W. The elements evaporate, thereby reducing the microhardness of the coating. The hardness of TC4 titanium alloy can be greatly increased by applying an AlCoCrNiSiTi0.5 HEA coating.
Experimental study on bending forming of AZ31 magnesium alloy equal curvature panel
Authors: Liu Zhongyu , Li Yanjuan , Wang Zhongtang , Liu Quan
Published: July 2024

The process parameters of bending forming for magnesium alloy panel are determined, and magnesium alloy panel bending tools are developed. The experimental research is completed, and several specifications of magnesium alloy panels are processed successfully, without cracks, rib buckling, or rib shoulder collapse defects. During the bending process of the magnesium alloy panel, the press height and rib height ratio have a significant effect on the microstructure of the panel. With the increase of press height and rib height ratio, the grain size decreases. The microstructure and properties of the magnesium alloy panel are improved and grains are refined. When the rib height ratio is 7/2 and press height is 7 mm, the minimum grain size at the rib of the panel is 15.6 µm and the minimum grain size at the skin surface is 17.2 µm.
Preparation of Modified α-Cyanoacrylate
Authors: Tong Kun , Wu Lin , Hu Ya , Liu Ying
Published: July 2024

In order to increase the viscosity and tensile shear strength of ethyl α-cyanoacrylate, Nano-silica modified α-cyanoacrylate (NS/α-Cyanoacrylate), hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified α-cyanoacrylate (CNTs/α-Cyanoacrylate) and epoxy resin modified α-cyanoacrylate (EP/α-Cyanoacrylate) were synthesized using the improved Knoevenagal Condensation method. The structural characteristics of the prepared ethyl α-cyanoacrylate were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. For the modified ethyl α-cyanoacrylate, the relationships between the filler content and the viscosity or tensile shear strength were analysed by rotary viscometer and electronic universal testing machine. Finally, it was found that the addition of Nano-silica, hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes and epoxy resins can improve the viscosity and tensile shear strength of α-cyanoacrylate. The best dosages of Nano-silica, hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes and epoxy resin were 5%, 0.2% and 4.5 %.
Research on the Wear Evolution Behavior of 20CrMnTi Alloy Steel under Different Loading Conditions
Authors: Wu Xiaolong , Du Yaosen , Gao Pengju , Tang Xiaoren , Wang Xiaosai
Published: July 2024

20CrMnTi alloy steel has excellent surface hardness and good wear resistance, making it widely used in the preparation of key components of various high-speed and high-load gearboxes, such as gear, rack, and bearing. However, the existence of friction and wear behavior in service leads to various damage behaviors, which seriously affects its service stability and effective life. Based on experimental research and numerical simulation technology, this study reveals the damage evolution law of 20CrMnTi low carbon alloy steel under different wear load conditions. It is shown that the increase of wear load and time duration will obviously lead to the increase of contact stress and deformation of the material surface, and eventually lead to an increase in wear degree. The research findings provide experimental support and theoretical guidance for effectively predicting the damage law in actual service.
Motivic coaction and single-valued map of polylogarithms from zeta generators
Authors: Frost Hadleigh , Hidding Martijn , Kamlesh Deepak , Rodriguez Carlos , Schlotterer Oliver , Verbeek Bram
Published: July 2024

We introduce a new Lie-algebraic approach to explicitly construct the motivic coaction and single-valued map of multiple polylogarithms in any number of variables. In both cases, the appearance of multiple zeta values is controlled by conjugating generating series of polylogarithms with Lie-algebra generators associated with odd zeta values. Our reformulation of earlier constructions of coactions and single-valued polylogarithms preserves choices of fibration bases, exposes the correlation between multiple zeta values of different depths and paves the way for generalizations beyond genus zero.
Learning quantum symmetries with interactive quantum-classical variational algorithms
Authors: Lu Jonathan Z , Araiza Bravo Rodrigo , Hou Kaiying , Dagnew Gebremedhin A , Yelin Susanne F , Najafi Khadijeh
Published: July 2024

A symmetry of a state

|
ψ
⟩

is a unitary operator of which

|
ψ
⟩

is an eigenvector. When

|
ψ
⟩

is an unknown state supplied by a black-box oracle, the state’s symmetries provide key physical insight into the quantum system; symmetries also boost many crucial quantum learning techniques. In this paper, we develop a variational hybrid quantum–classical learning scheme to systematically probe for symmetries of

|
ψ
⟩

with no a priori assumptions about the state. This procedure can be used to learn various symmetries at the same time. In order to avoid re-learning already known symmetries, we introduce an interactive protocol with a classical deep neural net. The classical net thereby regularizes against repetitive findings and allows our algorithm to terminate empirically with all possible symmetries found. An iteration of the learning algorithm can be implemented efficiently with non-local SWAP gates; we also give a less efficient algorithm with only local operations, which may be more appropriate for current noisy quantum devices. We simulate our algorithm on representative families of states, including cluster states and ground states of Rydberg and Ising Hamiltonians. We also find that the numerical query complexity scales well for up to moderate system sizes.
Performance analysis of supply chain for construction materials at high rise building project based on Supply Chain Operations Reference Method: A case study
Authors: Marzuqi R A , Abma V
Published: July 2024

Supply chain management is an approach to implementing lean construction efforts to minimize construction project problems, such as cost overruns, project delays, and disputes. Implementation of supply chain management is necessary, especially in the procurement of materials. However, there is a need to measure performance during the implementation. Results of measurement can show the extent to which the project operates and use it as a benchmark to determine the end impact of a project. This study’s purpose is to measure of supply chain performance with the supply chain operation reference (SCOR) method and use the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Compile data using an observation with scoring form based on standards adoption, categories, and SCOR metrics through key performance indicators (KPI) and structured interviews with the contractor to validate. Limited to the study is the supply chain of ready-mix concrete materials. The AHP method give the weight of the output value of the KPI. The results of the KPI measurements from the contractor’s perspective are that one indicator is still at a low value, which is a cycle time for fulfilling orders. An overall result of 84.83 from the measurement KPI suggests a “good” performance category.
Assessing the applicability of rainfall index spatial interpolation in predicting landslide susceptibility: A study in Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Salleh Hamirol Aqim , Rahman Ena Kartina Abdul , Ratnayake Uditha
Published: July 2024

Rainfall is crucial in meteorology and hydrology, significantly impacting landslide risk assessment. This study focused on evaluating rainfall’s role in determining landslide susceptibility in Brunei Darussalam’s Jalan Kota Batu-Subok and Jalan Jangsak-Tutong regions. Using monthly rainfall data (2008 – 2018) from four weather stations, three spatial interpolation methods inverse distance weighting (IDW), radial basis function (RBF), and global polynomial interpolation (GPI) were assessed. The RBF proved superior in predicting rainfall distribution, evidenced by lower error metrics and higher correlation coefficients. The landslide susceptibility index (LSI) derived from the RBF’s rainfall interpolation showed high accuracy in identifying landslide-prone areas, with success rates between 89 % and 94.3 %, and prediction rates from 85.2 % to 95.9 % across the two areas studied. These findings suggest that the RBF-derived LSI is a reliable tool for landslide risk assessment. However, the LSI’s stability, irrespective of the rainfall data or interpolation method used, indicates that factors like terrain and human activities might have a more significant impact on landslide risks than rainfall alone. This research highlights the importance of considering various factors in landslide risk management and land-use planning, offering valuable insights for policymakers and local authorities.
Removal of methylene blue (MB) from polluted water by using eco-friendly dragon fruit peels and pineapple crown leaves
Authors: Bakar Amalina Amirah Abu , Jamil Nurul Athirah , Muhammad Ali Khairul Ammar , Badrealam Sabariah
Published: July 2024

Dye is a widely used product in many industries that produce coloured goods. The by-product discharge after the colouring process finishes will contribute to dye pollution in wastewater thus polluting the water bodies nearby the areas of discharge. To treat the pollution due to dye like methylene blue (MB), adsorption is the most common treatment where natural adsorbents like dragon fruit peels (DFP) and pineapple crown leaves (PCL) have the potential to do so. The physical characterization of the DFP, and PCL was then analysed by scanning electron microscope. Batch adsorption experiment was adopted where the hybrid adsorbents of DFP and PCL were recorded successfully removed 84 to 92 percent of MB at 140 minutes. The removal was determined by using two different parameters which were varied dosage and contact hour. Adsorption isotherm models such as Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherm were being used along with kinetic analysis, Pseudo-First and Pseudo Second order in this study. At the end of this study shows that natural adsorbents such as DFP and PCL can be one of the alternatives to treat water pollution due to effluents from industry in the wastewater at the treatment plan.
Laboratory evaluation of cutback bitumen modified with cup lump rubber
Authors: Farhan Nasralddin Abdullah , Norhidayah Abdul Hassan , Mohd Warid Muhammad Naqiuddin , Ros Ismail Che , Hanif Mahmud Mohd Zul , Yahya Mohsen Zakariya
Published: July 2024

This research introduces a novel approach to addressing challenges in conventional asphalt used for road construction by incorporating cup lump rubber into cutback bitumen. The study investigates the viscosity and flash point of the resulting cutback bitumen to identify the optimal solvent percentage for achieving a lower mixing and compacting temperature range. Various diluent percentages were tested, ranging from 40% to 50%, across temperatures from 30°C to 70°C. Results indicate that higher diluent percentages lead to decreased viscosity in the blended bitumen. The most efficient solvent content for producing cutback bitumen-modified cup lump rubber is identified at 45% and 50% by weight of the bitumen, offering a reduced mixing and compaction temperature range. However, higher diluent content increases volatility potential and reduces the flash point. Additionally, toxicity testing reveals that lead and zinc are consistently present in cup lump rubber-infused samples, albeit below hazardous waste limits set by TCLP. The absence of lead in unmodified cutback bitumen underscores its compliance with environmental safety standards. These findings underscore the minimal environmental impact of this innovative modified bitumen formulation.
The effect of psychology factors and environmental concerns on mass rapid transit usage intention among private vehicle users in Klang Valley, Malaysia
Authors: Jamaluddin Tun Ahmad Adlan Asma’an , Wahab Ahmad Fakhri Fakhruddin Abd , Borhan Muhamad Nazri , Arham Ahmad Firdhaus , Ibrahim Ahmad Nazrul Hakimi
Published: July 2024

Since its introduction in 2016, Malaysia has made improvements to the mass rapid transit (MRT) system; however, the current year’s usage figures are below expectations and do not meet target levels. Thus, the purpose of this study is to look at the elements that influence the behavioural intentions of private vehicle users to use the MRT in Malaysia. In this study, A total of 403 respondents who are private vehicle users from the Klang Valley were involved and the Pearson correlation test was used to investigate the relationship between the factors that potentially influence the behavioural intention to use MRT among private vehicle users. Next, the factors influencing private car users’ behavioral intention to utilize MRT were also investigated using the multiple linear regression method. The findings of Pearson’s correlation analysis show that all factors namely environmental concerns, perceived behavioural control, attitudes, subjective norms, and behavioural intention have a positive and significant relationship among those factors. Furthermore, the multiple linear regression model demonstrated that drivers of private vehicles are significantly influenced by attitude, subjective norms, and environmental concerns to switch to MRT as a mode of transportation.
Why your enemy’s enemy is indeed your friend
Authors: Harris Margaret
Published: July 2024

Humans strive to avoid awkward unbalanced situations and instead favour “balanced” networks that obey rules like “the friend of my friend is also my friend” and “the enemy of my enemy is my friend”.
PsiQuantum gets A$1bn cash injection
Authors: Boerkamp Martijn
Published: July 2024

Australia has raised eyebrows by splashing A$1bn into US quantum-computing start-up PsiQuantum, as Martijn Boerkamp reports
China launches Chang’e-6 mission
Authors: Banks Michael
Published: July 2024

China has successfully launched a mission to bring back samples from the far side of the Moon – the first attempt to do so.
We still need a climate ‘CERN’
Authors: Palmer Tim
Published: July 2024

Tim Palmer says that we must pool our resources to produce high-resolution climate models that societies can use, before it is too late.
Labs in dispute
Authors: Crease Robert P
Published: July 2024

Placing scientific laboratories in their local communities poses challenges, says Robert P Crease.
From pulsars to the Shaw Prize: a family quest
Authors: Perkowitz Sidney
Published: July 2024

Astrophysicists Maura McLaughlin and Duncan Lorimer talk to Sidney Perkowitz about everything from their pioneering pulsar research to building a life together and winning the 2023 Shaw Prize in Astronomy.
Ask me anything: Florence Downs
Authors: Durrani Matin
Published: July 2024

Florence Downs is an editor at Ingenia, the Royal Academy of Engineering’s free-to-read print and online magazine for young people interested in STEM. She studied physics at the University of Bristol, UK, before doing a DPhil in synthetic biology at the University of Oxford.
RNDDNet: A residual nested dilated DenseNet based deep-learning model for chilli plant disease classification
Authors: Srinivasulu Maramreddy , Maiti Sandipan
Published: July 2024

The most significant peril to food safety arises from plant diseases, capable of substantially diminishing both the quantity and quality of agricultural yields. Identifying these plant diseases stands out as the foremost challenge within the agricultural sector. Convolutional and deep neural networks prove effective in resolving image classification challenges within the realm of computer vision. Numerous Deep Neural Network(DNN)-based structures have been employed to diagnose plant diseases. Many DNN models in the field make use of various iterations of Dense and DenseNet layers in order to enhance the receptive field and capture intricate features within the data. However, it is important to note that such models often come with a significant computational burden and can introduce aliasing artifacts due to their complexity and resource-intensive nature. To overcome those limitations, we proposed a novel Residual Nested Dilated DenseNet based deep-learning (RNDDNet) model in this paper. Residual Nested Dilated DenseNet model residual connections are achieving the required receptive field, and their dilation factors are effective in extracting more features. The RNDDNet model exhibits the highest level of accuracy in identifying plant diseases. This research introduces a less computational cost and compact model to detect diseases in plant leaves. The proposed model functions to identify diseases, utilizing a dataset comprising 3,800 photographs of chilli leaves, categorized into six distinct classes: five disorder classes and one healthy chilli class. Through experimentation, the outcomes indicate that the suggested model achieves an accuracy of 98.09 %, along with a precision of 97 %, a recall of 97.25 %, and an F1 score of 97.25%. The presented approach demonstrates its superiority over existing methodologies.
Micro-expression recognition based on euler video magnification and 3D residual network under imbalanced sample
Authors: Zhu Liangyu , He Yujun , Yang Xiaoqing , Li Hui , Long Xiangqian
Published: July 2024

A student’s verbal behavior plays a crucial role in education, while nonverbal behavior, such as micro-expressions, significantly improves teaching quality. To address the problem of small facial expression movements, imbalanced data categories, and lack of temporal information in static expressions, a micro-expression recognition method is proposed based on Eulerian Video Magnification (EVM) and a 3D Residual Network (3D ResNet) under imbalanced samples. Firstly, face detection in the Dlib library is used to locate the face in the micro-expression video sample and crop it. Secondly, the EVM is used to magnify the motion features in micro-expressions. Then, the 3D ResNet is used to extract spatio-temporal information from micro-expression video samples, and the Cyclical Focal Loss (CFL) function is introduced in the network training process to solve the class imbalance problem in micro-expression datasets. Finally, the roles of the EVM and the CFL function in recognizing micro-expressions by the 3D ResNet are analyzed. The experimental results on the Spontaneous Micro-expression Database (SMIC) and Chinese Academy of Sciences Micro-expression Database II (CASME II) demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of this method. The proposed method can assist in teaching evaluation and promote the development of smart classrooms, and further research is needed on the storage and computing of the proposed method on devices.
A comparative analysis of hidradenitis suppurativa and acne inversa web pages
Authors: Li Kaiyang , Bouadi Naila , Jeremian Richie , Bi Wei Guang , Piguet Vincent , Croitoru David
Published: July 2024

We investigated the literacy level of online patient education materials on hidradenitis suppurativa. Overall, secondary-level education is required to access the information, with web pages using the term ‘acne inversa’ being more difficult to read than those using ‘hidradenitis suppurativa’.
Cutaneous myiasis in neglected patients with autoimmune bullous disorders: a case series
Authors: Ramamoorthy Logamoorthy , Chandrashekar Laxmisha
Published: July 2024

Cutaneous myiasis is an infestation of the tissues and organs of living vertebrates and humans by fly larvae, usually those belonging to the Calliphoridae family. The larvae feed on the host’s necrotic or living tissue. Pre-existing dermatological conditions and poor hygiene are predisposing factors for cutaneous myiasis, which is especially common among neglected, dependent patients. Our literature search revealed only a few case reports of cutaneous myiasis in autoimmune bullous disorders (AIBDs). Cutaneous myiasis is more common in the population of the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu because AIBDs, such as pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid, are erroneously considered to be chickenpox and are treated with neem and turmeric preparations, alongside poor hygiene practices. We report a case series of eight patients with AIBDs and cutaneous myiasis.
Exploring the mitogenomes of Batracomorphus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae): new insights from structural diversity and phylogenomic analyses
Authors: Hu Yulin , Dietrich Christopher H , Dai Wu
Published: July 2024

Comparisons of mitogenomes are widely used for species identification and to explore the phylogenetic relationship among insect taxa. Batracomorphus is the third most diverse and widely distributed genus in the Cicadellidae (Hemiptera). However, there have been no analyses of genome structure and phylogenetic relationships within the genus. To compensate for the paucity of genomic information in this genus, we sequenced novel complete mitochondrial genomes of 11 Batracomorphus species and combined these with 23 previously sequenced mitochondrial genomes to perform structural comparisons and phylogenomic studies. Our results reveal generally conserved mitogenome organization, with one case of tRNA gene rearrangement, with trnI-trnQ reversed to trnQ-trnI when compared with the ancestral arrangement. Analysis of the ratio of nonsynonymous (Ka) to synonymous substitutions (Ks) showed ATP8 is the fastest and COI is the slowest evolving gene. ND2 and ND6 have highly variable nucleotide diversity, whereas COI and ND1 exhibit the lowest diversity. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences grouped Batracomorphus species into a clade within the subfamily Iassinae. Within Batracomorphus, 3 clades were reconstructed consistent with the observed gene rearrangement, indicating that such rearrangements can serve as reliable molecular markers supporting phylogenetic hypotheses. These clades also correspond to clusters of species recovered by morphometric analysis of aedeagal shape, suggesting that characters of the male genitalia traditionally used for species delimitation are phylogenetically informative. Molecular divergence time estimates indicate that most speciation events within Batracomorphus occurred between the Paleogene and Neogene. This study provides insight into the population genetics, molecular biology, phylogeny, and morphological evolution of the leafhopper subfamily Iassinae and its largest genus, Batracomorphus.