bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A randomized controlled study of preemptive lamivudine in patients receiving transarterial chemo-lipiodolization
Authors: Jang Jeong Won , Choi Jong Young , Bae Si Hyun , Yoon Seung Kew , Chang Im U , Kim Chang Wook , Cho Se Hyun , Han Jun Yeol , Lee Young Sok
Published: January 2006

Reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) during chemotherapy is well documented. However, there are limited data on this complication in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing transarterial chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of preemptive lamivudine therapy in reducing hepatitis due to HBV reactivation in patients with HCC undergoing transarterial chemo-lipiodolization (TACL) and to seek predictors of this event. A total of 73 consecutive HCC patients undergoing TACL using epirubicin 50 mg/m2 and cisplatin 60 mg/m2 at monthly intervals were prospectively and randomly assigned to receive lamivudine 100 mg daily from the start of TACL (preemptive group) or not (control group). During the study, 11 (29.7%) of 37 patients in the control group and 1 (2.8%) of 36 patients in the preemptive group developed hepatitis due to HBV reactivation (

P

= .002). In addition, there were significantly more incidences of overall hepatitis (

P

= .021) and severe grade of hepatitis (

P

= .035) in the control group. With multivariate Cox regression model, a baseline HBV DNA level of more than 104 copies/mL was the only independent predictor of hepatitis due to HBV reactivation during chemo-lipiodolization (

P

= .046).

In conclusion

, preemptive lamivudine therapy demonstrated excellent efficacy in reducing hepatitis due to HBV reactivation and hepatic morbidity during TACL. Preemptive therapy should be considered in HCC patients with an HBV DNA level of more than 104 copies/mL. Further studies are needed to confirm the value of this approach in patients with low-level viremia. (Hepatology 2006;43:233–240.)
Deoxyribonuclease 1 aggravates acetaminophen-induced liver necrosis in male CD-1 mice
Authors: Napirei Markus , Basnakian Alexei G. , Apostolov Eugene O. , Mannherz Hans Georg
Published: January 2006

An overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) (

N

-acetyl-p-aminophenol) leads to hepatocellular necrosis induced by its metabolite

N

-acetyl-p-benzoquinone-imine, which is generated during the metabolic phase of liver intoxication. It has been reported that DNA damage occurs during the toxic phase; however, the nucleases responsible for this effect are unknown. In this study, we analyzed the participation of the hepatic endonuclease deoxyribonuclease 1 (DNASE1) during APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by employing a

Dnase1

knockout (KO) mouse model. Male CD-1

Dnase1

wild-type (WT) (

Dnase1

+/+) and KO (

Dnase1

−/−) mice were treated with 2 different doses of APAP. Hepatic histopathology was performed, and biochemical parameters for APAP metabolism and necrosis were investigated, including depletion of glutathione/glutathione-disulfide (GSH+GSSG), β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH+NAD+), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP); release of aminotransferases and Dnase1; and occurrence of DNA fragmentation. As expected, an APAP overdose in WT mice led to massive hepatocellular necrosis characterized by the release of aminotransferases and depletion of hepatocellular GSH+GSSG, NADH+NAD+, and ATP. These metabolic events were accompanied by extensive DNA degradation. In contrast,

Dnase1

KO mice were considerably less affected.

In conclusion

, whereas the innermost pericentral hepatocytes of both mouse strains underwent necrosis to the same extent independent of DNA damage, the progression of necrosis to more outwardly located cells was dependent on DNA damage and only occurred in WT mice. Dnase1 aggravates APAP-induced liver necrosis. (Hepatology 2006;43:297–305.)
HLA class I allelic diversity and progression of fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Patel Keyur , Norris Suzanne , Lebeck Lauralynn , Feng Anne , Clare Michael , Pianko Stephen , Portmann Bernard , Blatt Lawrence M. , Koziol James , Conrad Andrew , McHutchison John G.
Published: January 2006

Patients infected with HIV-1 who are heterozygous at HLA class I loci present greater variety of antigenic peptides to CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes, slowing progression to AIDS. A similar broad immune response in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection could result in greater hepatic injury. Although specific HLA class II alleles may influence outcome in CHC patients, the role of HLA class I heterogeneity is generally less clearly defined. Our aims were to determine whether HLA class I allelic diversity is associated with disease severity and progression of fibrosis in CHC. The study population consisted of 670 adults with CHC, including 155 with advanced cirrhosis, and 237 non–HCV-infected controls. Serological testing for HLA class I antigens was performed via microlymphocytotoxicity assay. Peptide expression was defined as heterozygous (

i.e.

, a different allele at each locus) or homozygous. Fibrosis staging was determined using METAVIR classification. Heterozygosity at the B locus (fibrosis progression rate [FPR] 0.08 vs. 0.06 units/yr;

P

= .04) and homozygosity at the A locus (FPR 0.10 vs. 0.08 units/yr;

P

= .04) predicted a higher median FPR. Age at infection, genotype, and duration of infection were also predictors of FPR. A higher proportion of patients with stage F2-F4 expressed HLA-B18 compared with controls (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.17-4.23;

P

= .02). These differences were not observed in patients with advanced cirrhosis. HLA zygosity at 1, 2, or 3 alleles was not associated with fibrosis stage, liver inflammation, or treatment outcome.

In conclusion

, HLA class I allelic diversity has a minor influence on FPRs and disease severity in CHC. (Hepatology 2006,43:241–249.)
Early monotherapy with pegylated interferon alpha-2b for acute hepatitis C infection: The HEP-NET acute-HCV-II study
Authors: Wiegand Johannes , Buggisch Peter , Boecher Wulf , Zeuzem Stefan , Gelbmann Cornelia M. , Berg Thomas , Kauffmann Wolfgang , Kallinowski Birgit , Cornberg Markus , Jaeckel Elmar , Wedemeyer Heiner , Manns Michael P.
Published: January 2006

Early treatment of acute hepatitis C with interferon alpha-2b for 24 weeks prevents chronic infection in almost all patients. Because pegylated interferons have replaced conventional interferon in the therapy of chronic hepatitis C, the aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of an early treatment of acute hepatitis C with peginterferon alfa- 2b. Between February 2001 and February 2004, 89 individuals with acute HCV infection were recruited at 53 different centers in Germany. Patients received 1.5 μg/kg peginterferon alfa-2b for 24 weeks; treatment was initiated after a median of 76 days after infection (range 14-150). End-of-treatment response and sustained virological response were defined as undetectable HCV RNA at the end of therapy and after 24 weeks of follow-up, respectively. In the total study population, virological response was 82% at the end of treatment and 71% at the end of follow-up. Of 89 individuals, 65 (73%) were adherent to therapy, receiving 80% of the interferon dosage within 80% of the scheduled treatment duration. End-of-treatment and sustained virological response rates in this subpopulation were 94% and 89%, respectively. A maximum alanine aminotransferase level of more than 500 U/L prior to therapy was the only factor associated with successful treatment.

In conclusion

, in acute HCV infection, early treatment with peginterferon α2b leads to high virological response rates in individuals who are adherent to treatment. The high number of dropouts underlines the importance of thorough patient selection and close monitoring during therapy. Thus, future studies should identify factors predicting spontaneous viral clearance to avoid unnecessary therapy. (Hepatology 2006;43:250–256.)
Influence of plaque biofilm removal on reestablishment of the biocompatibility of contaminated titanium surfaces
Authors: Schwarz Frank , Papanicolau Pascal , Rothamel Daniel , Beck Brigitte , Herten Monika , Becker Jürgen
Published: January 2006

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of plaque biofilm removal on the mitochondrial activity of human SaOs‐2 osteoblasts grown on titanium surfaces. Volunteers wore acrylic splints with structured titanium discs for 72 h to build up plaque biofilms (n = 30). Specimens were randomly instrumented using either (1) an ultrasonic system at two power settings (EMS1, EMS2) + chlorhexidine (CHX), or (2) plastic curettes + CHX. Untreated (NC, n = 10) and sterile (C, n = 10) titanium discs served as controls. Specimens were incubated with SaOs‐2 cells for 6 days. Treatment time (T), residual plaque biofilm (RPB)/clean implant surface areas (%), mitochondrial cell activity (MA) (counts/second), and cell morphology (SEM) were assessed. Statistical analysis revealed the following mean scores (±SD): RPB areas: P (58.5 ± 4.9) > EMS1 (38.4 ± 4.1) > EMS2 (28.3 ± 2.0); T: PC (292 ± 30) = EMS1 (244 ± 24) > EMS2 (199 ± 25); MA: C (1.544.661 ± 203.442) > PC (597.559 ± 566.984) = EMS2 (389.875 ± 409.300) = EMS1 (356.653 ± 293.863; n.s.) > NC (138.676 ± 86.666). In NC and PC groups, cells were predominantly rounded in shape. However, in the EMS groups, some cells had started to spread, showing complete cytoplasmatic extensions of the cell body on the titanium surface. A monolayer of flattened cells was generally observed in the C group. Within the limits of the present study, it was concluded that MA seemed to be impaired by the presence of RPB areas. However, its removal alone might not be the crucial step in the reestablishment of the biocompatibility of titanium surfaces. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
On the suitability of strictly localized orbitals for hybrid QM/MM calculations
Authors: Fornili Arianna , Moreau Yohann , Sironi Maurizio , Assfeld Xavier
Published: January 2006

In the QM/MM method we have developed (LSCF/MM), the QM and the MM parts are held together by means of strictly localized bonding orbitals (SLBOs). Generally these SLBOs are derived from localized bond orbitals (LBOs) that undergo tails deletion, resulting in a nonpredictable change of their properties. An alternative set of SLBOs is provided by the extremely localized molecular orbitals (ELMOs) approach, where the orbitals are rigorously localized on some prefixed atoms without tails on the other atoms of the molecule. A comparative study of SLBOs arising from various localization schemes and ELMOs is presented to test the reliability and the transferability of these functions within the Local Self‐Consistent Field (LSCF) framework. Two types of chemical bonds were considered: CC and CO single bonds. The localized functions are obtained on the ethane and the methanol molecules, and are tested on β‐alanine and diethyl ether molecules. Moreover, the various protonation forms of β‐alanine have been investigated to illustrate how well the polarity variation of the chemical bond can be handled throughout a chemical process. At last, rotation energy profiles around CC and CO bonds are reproduced for butane and fluoromethanol. Energetic, geometric, as well as electronic factors all indicate that ELMO functions are much more transferable from one molecule to another, leading to results closer to the usual SCF reference than any other calculations involving any other localized orbitals. When the shape of the orbital is the most important factor then ELMO functions will perform as well as any other localized orbital. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 27: 515–523, 2006
A seasonally lagged signal of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in the North Pacific
Authors: Zhao Hongxu , Moore G. W. K.
Published: January 2006

The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) has been identified as an important mode of variability in the climate system. However, little is known about its impact on the climate of the North Pacific region. In this paper, we discuss the existence of a seasonally lagged signal of the NAO in the North Pacific region. In particular, we show that the spring sea‐level pressures (SLPs) and surface temperatures in the region are positively correlated with the characteristics of the NAO during the preceding winter. This signal is identified in a number of long‐term climate data sets including a Japanese tree‐ring time series that has been shown to be a proxy for spring temperatures in the North Pacific region. We identify two distinct mechanisms responsible for this lagged signal: one involving sea‐surface temperature anomalies in the North Pacific and the other involving Eurasian snow anomalies. We show that both these anomalies develop during the winter and persist into spring, resulting in the observed lagged response. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society.
The thermal decomposition of water
Authors: Srinivasan N. K. , Michael J. V.
Published: January 2006

The reflected shock tube technique with multipass absorption spectrometric detection of OH‐radicals at 308 nm, corresponding to a total path length of 1.749 m, has been used to study the reaction H2O + M → H + OH + M between 2196 and 2792 K using 0.3, 0.5, and 1% H2O, diluted in Kr. As a result of the increased sensitivity for OH‐radical detection, the existing database for this reaction could be extended downward by ∼500 K. Combining the present work with that of Homer and Hurle, the composite rate expression for water dissociation in either Ar or Kr bath gas is k1,Ar(or Kr) = (2.43 ± 0.57) × 10−10 exp(−47117  ± 633 K/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 over the T‐range of 2196–3290 K. Applying the Troe factorization method to data for both forward and reverse reactions, the rate behavior could be expressed to within <±18% over the T‐range, 300–3400 K, by the three‐parameter expression k1,Ar = 1.007 × 104 T−3.322 exp(−60782 K/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 A large enhancement due to H2O with H2O collisional activation has been noted previously, and both absolute and relative data have been considered allowing us to suggest k1, H2 O = 1.671 × 102 T−2.440 exp(−60475 K/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 for the rate constants with H2O bath gas over the T‐range, 300–3400 K. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 38: 211–219, 2006
Transcranial application of low‐energy laser irradiation improves neurological deficits in rats following acute stroke
Authors: DeTaboada Luis , Ilic Sanja , Leichliter‐Martha Sandra , Oron Uri , Oron Amir , Streeter Jackson
Published: January 2006

Background and Objectives

Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) has been shown to have beneficial effects on ischemic skeletal and heart muscles tissues. The aim of the present study was to approve the effectiveness of LLLT treatment at different locations on the brain in acute stroked rats.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

Stroke was induced in 169 rats that were divided into four groups: control non‐laser and three laser‐treated groups where laser was employed ipsilateral, contralateral, and both to the side of the induced stroke. Rats were tested for neurological function.

Results

In all three laser‐treated groups, a marked and significant improvement in neurological deficits was evident at 14, 21, and 28 days post stroke relative to the non‐treated group.

Conclusions

These observations suggest that LLLT applied at different locations in the skull and in a rather delayed‐phase post stroke effectively improves neurological function after acute stroke in rats. Lasers Surg. Med. 38:70–73, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laser resection technique and results of multiple lung metastasectomies using a new 1,318 nm Nd:YAG laser system
Authors: Rolle Axel , Pereszlenyi Arpad , Koch Rainer , Bis Beata , Baier Barbara
Published: January 2006

Background and Objectives

Advantages of a new 1,318 nm Nd:YAG laser based on multiple lung metastasectomies are shown.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

Ninety‐three percent of 328 patients with metastases (8/patient, range 1–124) had precision laser resections (lobectomy‐rate reduced to 7%); this laser delivers 20 kW/cm2 1,318 nm power densities with 400 µm fibers, and a focussing handpiece. Absorption in water is tenfold higher.

Results and Conclusions

Between 1/1996 and 12/2003 in 328 patients (164 males/females, 61 years) 3,267 nodules were removed. Pathologic examination revealed 2,546 metastases (range 3–80 mm) from kidney (n = 112), colorectal (n = 91), and breast cancers (n = 35). In 85% of patients where the complete resection was achieved the 5‐year survival was 41%. For remaining 15% (incomplete resection) the 5‐year survival was 7%. Five‐year survival for patients with 10 (and more) metastases was 28%, for patients with 20 (and more) was 26%. No 30‐day mortality was observed.

Conclusion

This new laser system facilitates any kind of parenchymal lung resection in lobe‐sparing manner and in case of complete resection improves significantly the survival. Lasers Surg. Med. 38:26–32, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of laser fluence in cell viability, proliferation, and membrane integrity of wounded human skin fibroblasts following helium‐neon laser irradiation
Authors: Hawkins Denise H. , Abrahamse Heidi
Published: January 2006

Background

In medicine, lasers have been used predominantly for applications, which are broadly termed low level laser therapy (LLLT), phototherapy or photobiomodulation. This study aimed to establish cellular responses to Helium‐Neon (632.8 nm) laser irradiation using different laser fluences (0.5, 2.5, 5, 10, and 16 J/cm2) with a single exposure on 2 consecutive days on normal and wounded human skin fibroblasts.

Materials and Methods

Changes in normal and wounded fibroblast cell morphology were evaluated by light microscopy. Changes following laser irradiation were evaluated by assessing the mitochondrial activity using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) luminescence, cell proliferation using neutral red and an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, membrane integrity using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and percentage cytotoxicity and DNA damage using the Comet assay.

Results

Morphologically, wounded cells exposed to 5 J/cm2 migrate rapidly across the wound margin indicating a stimulatory or positive influence of phototherapy. A dose of 5 J/cm2 has a stimulatory influence on wounded fibroblasts with an increase in cell proliferation and cell viability without adversely increasing the amount of cellular and molecular damage. Higher doses (10 and 16 J/cm2) were characterized by a decrease in cell viability and cell proliferation with a significant amount of damage to the cell membrane and DNA.

Conclusions

Results show that 5 J/cm2 stimulates mitochondrial activity, which leads to normalization of cell function and ultimately stimulates cell proliferation and migration of wounded fibroblasts to accelerate wound closure. Laser irradiation can modify cellular processes in a dose or fluence (J/cm2) dependent manner. Lasers Surg. Med. 38:74–83, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effects of pulse dye laser double‐pass treatment intervals on depth of vessel coagulation
Authors: Tanghetti Emil , Sherr Evan A. , Sierra Rafael , Mirkov Mirko
Published: January 2006

Background and Objective

Multi‐pass treatments with pulse dye lasers (PDLs) are avoided due to perceived side effects. Proper multi‐pass techniques allow for deeper vascular injury. New extended PDLs allow use of multi‐pass procedures. This study evaluates how the time between pulses, inter‐pulse interval [IPI] affect extent of vascular treatment.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

Sixteen subjects were exposed to a series of exposures on normal skin to determine depth of injury for various IPI. Subjects were exposed to single pass, and 4 double‐pass intervals. Tests included exposures at 0.5 milliseconds, 2–7 j/cm2. Exposures included one and two passes, IPI of 1, 10, 30, and 60 seconds; 5 and 30 minutes. Treatments were done with PhotoGenica V‐Star (595‐nm), SmartCool air cooling. Biopsies were taken: single pass and double pass purpuric thresholds; and at 7 j/cm2 to determine depth of vascular coagulation.

Results

Histology revealed increased vascular coagulation depth at purpura threshold for intervals of 1, 10, 30, and 60 seconds between passes compared to single pass treatment, and a significant monotonic increase in depth of vascular injury at 7 j/cm2 with increasing IPI.

Conclusions

The use of multiple passes increases depth of vascular injury, which may increase the efficacy of treatment without significant increase in purpura or risk of scarring for treatments at purpura threshold. At purpura threshold, the depth of vascular injury increases with increasing IPI up to 60 seconds. Above purpura threshold, there is a monotonic increase in depth of vascular injury for IPI up to 30 minutes. These observations suggest multi‐pass treatment methods may be beneficial when employed with PDLs. Lasers Surg. Med. 38:16–21, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bactericidal effects of diode laser on Streptococcus mutans after irradiation through different thickness of dentin
Authors: Lee Bor‐Shiunn , Lin Yueh‐Wen , Chia Jean‐San , Hsieh Tseng‐Ting , Chen Min‐Huey , Lin Chun‐Pin , Lan Wan‐Hong
Published: January 2006

Background and Objectives

A reliable method to eradicate the bacteria of residual carious dentin has not yet been developed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of a diode laser on Streptococcus mutans through different thickness (500, 1,000, and 2,000 µm) of human dentin. The thermal effect of laser irradiation was also investigated.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

Dentin specimens were inoculated with 2 µl of S. mutans on one side and irradiated by a diode laser on the other side with a power output ranging from 0.5 to 7 W. The laser tip was swept with the whole irradiation area of 7 mm×3 mm at a speed of about 10 mm/second with a total irradiation time of 30 seconds. Cooling with distilled water (30 ml/minute) was applied simultaneously during laser irradiation. After laser irradiation, the bacteria was removed from the dentin surfaces and cultured for 48 hours at 37°C anaerobically to assess the colony forming units (CFU) per ml. The morphology of the lased bacteria and the temperature rise during laser irradiation were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and measured by thermocouple, respectively.

Results

The results revealed that 7 W of laser power could kill 97.7% of CFU through 500 µm thickness of dentin. However, the bactericidal efficiency was significantly reduced as the dentin thickness was increased. The morphological changes of lased bacteria ranged from less affected such as loss of their wall bands and existence of minicells to more severely degenerated, such as disintegration and fusion of cells with pores on the cell wall. Only the dentin specimens with a thickness of 500 µm exhibited a temperature rise greater than 5.5°C after receiving 5 or 7 W of laser irradiation.

Conclusions

A diode laser can eliminate the Streptococcus mutans of the residual carious dentin without inducing high pulpal temperature rise when the remaining dentin thickness is greater than 1 mm. Lasers Surg. Med. 38:62–69, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Training protocol for feline renal transplantation, using rat vascular anastomosis
Authors: Iwai Satomi , Endo Kaoru , Kobayashi Eiji
Published: January 2006

Renal transplantation (RTx) has been a potential treatment for renal failure in pet cats. We developed a training protocol for the microsurgical skills required for feline RTx using rat vessels, which are the same size as the feline renal artery and vein. Using interrupted sutures, the transected abdominal aorta was reestablished in an end‐to‐end fashion. Venous anastomosis was performed with a continuous running suture in an end‐to‐side fashion between the portal vein and inferior vena cava. In the arterial anastomotic model, technical errors were checked by postoperative hemorrhaging. Those failures in the venous anastomotic model, technical errors were confirmed by the rat's death. Histological examinations of the epithelialization at the anastomotic site were evaluated in both groups. After training, nine cases of feline RTx were performed safely, using an adequate microsurgical technique. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 26: 8–12, 2006.
Regulatory dendritic cells modulate immune responses via induction of T‐cell apoptotic death
Authors: Liang Xiaoyan , Chen Zongyou , Fung John J. , Qian Shiguang , Lu Lina
Published: January 2006

We describe a regulatory lymphoid dendritic cell (LDC) population propagated from mouse liver nonparenchymal cells (NPC) in IL‐3 and anti‐CD40 monoclonal antibody that are phenotypically mature, and induce T‐cell hyporesponsiveness by promoting T‐cell apoptotic death, which is partially caspase‐dependent, but is unlikely to be mediated by soluble factor(s). In vivo administration of liver LDC significantly prolonged the survival of vascularized cardiac allografts in an alloantigen‐specific manner. This is associated with enhanced T‐cell death in secondary lymphoid organs. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 26: 21–24, 2006.
Hemorheological follow‐up after splenectomy and spleen autotransplantation in mice
Authors: Miko Iren , Nemeth Norbert , Sipka Sandor , Brath Endre , Peto Katalin , Gulyas Adrienn< , Furka Istvan , Zhong Robert
Published: January 2006

We previously reported on a spleen autotransplantation model in mice, with spleen function studies at 6 weeks. The present study was undertaken to investigate long‐term hemorheological functions. A/J and BALB/c inbred mice were divided into four groups: control, sham surgery (SH), splenectomy (SE), and spleen autotransplantation (AU). Hematological and hemorheological parameters were determined. Leukocyte counts in the SE and AU groups were significantly higher than in controls, while hematocrit levels were markedly lower. Mean erythrocyte volume did not change significantly. Platelet counts in the AU group were significantly lower, and red blood cell deformability was significantly worse in the SE group. The AU group also had increased cell transit time, but it was less than that in the SE group. The SE group showed the highest fibrinogen levels. We conclude that there are some consistent differences in hematological parameters between splenectomy and spleen autotransplantation. These data suggest that spleen autotransplantation may partially restore hemorheological functions following splenectomy. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 26: 38–42, 2006.
Distribution of peripheral blood cells in mice after splenectomy or autotransplantation
Authors: Sipka Sandor , Brath Endre , Toth Ferenc F. , Fabian Akos , Krizsan Csilla , Barath Sandor , Sipka Sandor , Nemeth Norbert , Balint Anita , Furka Istvan , Miko Iren
Published: January 2006

Our aim was to compare the distribution changes of peripheral leukocytes and erythrocytes in splenectomized and spleen‐autotransplanted BALB/c female mice (n = 96), 2 and 8 months after surgery. In total, there were eight groups of animals: splenectomy, autotransplantation, sham, and untreated controls at both time points. We used the spleen‐apron method of Furka et al. (Khirurgiia (Mosk) 1989;9:125–127), inserting five spleen chips into the greater omentum, for autotransplantation. Quantitative and qualitative blood cell counts and the phagocytic activity of cells (stimulated with zymosan) were determined. In splenectomized animals, the number of neutrophils significantly increased 8 months after surgery. The greatest phagocytic activity of neutrophils, however, was observed in autotransplanted animals of the same age. In splenectomized animals, erythrocyte volumes were significantly higher in the second postoperative month, but normalized by the eighth month. In conclusion, spleen autotransplantation has some beneficial effects, including clearing erythrocytes and preserving the phagocytic activity of neutrophils in peripheral blood. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 26: 43–49, 2006.
Murine fetal small‐intestine grafts: Morphometric and immunohistochemical evaluation
Authors: Saldanha De Almeida Carlos Eduardo , Ferreira De Oliveira Kátia , Bochetti Manna Mônica Cecília , Artigiani Ricardo , Koike Márcia Kiyomi , De Souza Montero Edna Frasson
Published: January 2006

We investigated histopathological changes following murine fetal intestinal transplantation. Fetal intestine, obtained from a pregnant C57BL/6 mouse, was transplanted into BALB/c and C57Bl/6 mice. Recipients were divided into three groups: isogeneic, and allogeneic treated with 3 mg/kg/day gangliosides (Allo‐a) or 9 mg/kg/day (Allo‐b). One week after transplant, all grafts showed good viability, confirmed by cellular mitosis in the mucosa and a well‐defined propria muscular layer. Isogeneic grafts showed a thicker muscular layer than in the Allo‐a (P = 0.02) and Allo‐b (P = 0.004) groups. There was no difference in number of mitotic cells among groups. Goblet cells were significantly reduced in allografts treated with 3 mg gangliosides (P = 0.013) or 9 mg gangliosides (P = 0.002) compared to isografts. Villi height was similar in all studied groups. There was no difference in positivity of the enteric nervous system among groups. Atrophy was more common in the allogeneic groups, suggesting that isografts had better development than allografts treated with gangliosides. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 26: 61–64, 2006.
Is there a role for microsurgery in the prevention of arm lymphedema secondary to breast cancer treatment?
Authors: Campisi C. , Davini D. , Bellini C. , Taddei G. , Villa G. , Fulcheri E. , Zilli A. , Da Rin E. , Eretta C. , Boccardo F.
Published: January 2006

The secondary lymphedema of the upper limb (post‐mastectomy lymphedema) has an incidence, in patients who underwent axillary lymphadenectomy for breast cancer, between 5 to 25%, up to 40% after radiotherapic treatment. We studied 50 patients treated for breast cancer. The patients were divided in two groups of 25 each, comparable for age, sex, pathology and treatment and followed up to 5 years after operation for breast. One group of 25 patients was controlled only clinically (physical examination, water volumetry) at 1‐3‐6 months and 1‐3‐5 years from breast cancer treatment. The other group of 25 patients was followed also by lymphatic scintigraphy performed pre‐operatively and after 1‐3‐6 months and 1‐3‐5 years from operation. In the first group, followed only clinically, lymphedema appeared in 9 patients after a period variable from 1 week to 2 years, with highest incidence between 3 and 6 months. In the second group of 25 patients, the preventive therapeutic protocol allowed to have a clinically evident arm lymphedema only in 2 patients. The comparison of the two groups of 25 patients proved a statistically significant difference in the appearance of arm secondary lymphedema (p = 0.01, using Fisher's exact test). The diagnostic and therapeutic preventive procedures allow to reduce the incidence rate of lymphedema significantly, in comparison with patients who did not undergo this protocol of prevention. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 26: 70–72, 2006.
Intraocular Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a neonate resulting in bilateral loss of vision
Authors: Boztug Kaan , Frimpong‐Ansah Kwabena , Nanduri Vasanta Rao , Lawson Joanna , Russell‐Eggitt Isabelle , Brock Penelope
Published: January 2006

Intraocular involvement in Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is rare. We describe the case of a neonate with congenital disseminated LCH involving skin, liver, spleen, and intraocular structures including uvea and retina. Early and aggressive treatment according to the LCH‐II treatment protocol was administered and resulted in remission of the disease. However, despite close follow‐up and additional local treatment, involvement of intraocular structures resulted in severe long‐term ophthalmological sequelae including complete bilateral loss of vision. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2006; 47:633–635. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Successful treatment of refractory chronic disseminated candidiasis after prolonged administration of caspofungin in a child with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Kontny Udo , Walsh Thomas J. , Rossler Jochen , Uhl Markus , Niemeyer Charlotte M.
Published: January 2006

This report documents the clinical activity of caspofungin in a 13‐year‐old girl with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic disseminated candidiasis (CDC), refractory to amphotericin B and fluconazole. Caspofungin was started at 50 mg/d resulting in a temporary response. With no further clinical improvement and radiological progress after 2 months of therapy, the dose of caspofungin was increased to 100 mg/d, leading to a sustained clinical response. Therapy was given for a total of 12 months and had no attributable adverse effects. This approach resulted in successful treatment of refractory CDC with caspofungin. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:360–362. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of the molecular weight and architecture on the size and glass transition of arborescent polyisobutylenes
Authors: Puskas Judit E. , Chen Yaohong , Kulbaba Kevin , Kaszas Gabor , Soleymannezhad Ali
Published: January 2006

This article discusses the characterization of arborescent (hyperbranched) polyisobutylenes (arb‐PIBs) by size exclusion chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry, in comparison with linear PIB standards. The radius of gyration (〈r〉1/2 = Rz), measured from the angle dependence of light scattering of high‐molecular‐weight arb‐PIBs, was significantly larger than the hydrodynamic radius (Rh) from size exclusion chromatography/viscometry, and the Rh values were significantly smaller than Rh of linear PIBs. The glass‐transition temperature of arb‐PIBs having a branch molecular weight higher than the critical entanglement molecular weight was dependent on both the total number‐average molecular weight and BR up to BR ∼ 15. A modified Fox–Flory equation is proposed to describe the effect of architecture on the thermal transition. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1770–1776, 2006
Cationic copolymerization of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A with phthalide or 3,3′‐diphtalide catalyzed by lanthanide triflates
Authors: Mas Cristina , Ramis Xavier , Salla Josep Maria , Mantecón Ana , Serra Angels
Published: January 2006

Mixtures of the diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and phthalide (PT) or 3,3′‐diphthalide (DPT) were cured using ytterbium or lanthanum triflate as catalyst. The curing was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared in attenuated‐total‐reflection mode (FTIR/ATR). FTIR/ATR was used to monitor the competitive reactive processes and quantify the evolution of the epoxide and lactone groups. The Tg of the crosslinked materials increased when the proportion of lactone in the curing mixture decreased. The kinetics was studied with DSC experiments and isoconversional procedures. The differences in the reactivity of the systems were related to the Lewis acidity of the lanthanide salt used as initiator. The increase in the proportion of lactone leads to an increase in the reaction rate. The shrinkage was determined from the densities before and after curing and its evolution was studied by thermomechanical analysis. The materials obtained were characterized by thermogravimetry and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1711–1721, 2006
Double‐hydrophilic block copolymer for encapsulation and two‐way pH change‐induced release of metalloporphyrins
Authors: Bo Qi , Zhao Yue
Published: January 2006

A double hydrophilic block copolymer composed of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(4‐vinyl pyridine) (P4VP) was obtained through hydrolysis of diblock copolymer of poly(tert‐butyl acrylate) (PtBA) and P4VP synthesized using atom transfer radical polymerization. Water‐soluble micelles with PAA core and P4VP corona were observed at low (acidic) pH, while micelles with P4VP core and PAA corona were formed at high (basic) pH. Two metalloporphyrins, zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) and cobalt tetraphenylporphyrin (CoTPP), were used as model compounds to investigate the encapsulation of hydrophobic molecules by both types of micelles. UV–vis spectroscopic measurements indicate that micelles with P4VP core are able to entrap more ZnTPP and CoTPP as a result of the axial coordination between the transition metals and the pyridine groups. The study found that metalloporphyrins encapsulated by the micelles with PAA core could be released on pH increase, while those entrapped by the micelles with P4VP core could be released on pH decrease. This behavior originates from the two‐way pH change‐induced disruption of PAA‐b‐P4VP micelles. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1734–1744, 2006
Preparation and properties of polysulfone/TiO2 composite ultrafiltration membranes
Authors: Yang Yanan , Wang Peng , Zheng Qingzhu
Published: January 2006

The influence of inorganic filler TiO2 nanoparticles on the morphology and properties of polysulfone (PS) ultrafiltration membranes was investigated. PS/TiO2 composite membranes were prepared by a phase‐inversion method. TiO2 nanoparticles modified by sodium dodecyl sulfate were uniformly dispersed in an 18 wt % PS casting solution. The addition of TiO2 resulted in an increase in the pore density and porosity of the membrane skin layer. The pore size distribution changed from the log‐normal distribution to the bimodal distribution because of the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles, and some large pores were observed when the concentration of the filler was over 3 wt %. The skin layer was gradually thickened; meanwhile, the morphology sublayer changed from macrovoids to spongelike pores, in comparison with PS membranes without the filler. The addition of TiO2 also induced increases in the hydrophilicity, mechanical strength, and thermal stability. The ultrafiltration experiments showed when the concentration of TiO2 was less than 2 wt %, the permeability and rejection of the membrane was enhanced and then decreased drastically with a higher filler concentration (>3%). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 879–887, 2006
Intrinsic disorder is a key characteristic in partners that bind 14‐3‐3 proteins
Authors: Bustos Diego M. , Iglesias Alberto A.
Published: January 2006

Proteins named 14‐3‐3 can bind more than 200 different proteins, mostly (but not exclusively) when they are at a phosphorylated state. These partner proteins are involved in different cellular processes, such as cell signaling, transcription factors, cellular morphology, and metabolism; this suggests pleiotropic functionality for 14‐3‐3 proteins. Recent efforts to establish a rational classification of 14‐3‐3 binding partners showed neither structural nor functional relatedness in this group of proteins. Using three natural predictors of disorder in proteins, and the structural available information, we show that >90% of 14‐3‐3 protein partners contain disordered regions. This percentage is significantly high when compared with recent studies on cell signaling and cancer‐related proteins or RNA chaperons. More important, almost all 14‐3‐3‐binding sites are inside disordered regions, this reinforcing the importance of structural disorder in this class of proteins. We also propose that a disorder‐to‐order transition occurs in the binding of 14‐3‐3 proteins with their partners. We discuss the consequences of the latter for consensus binding sequences, specificity, affinity, and thermodynamic control. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dielectric anomaly of tungsten trioxide WO3 with giant dielectric constant
Authors: Hirose Toshikazu , Furukawa Kazuo
Published: January 2006

Temperature dependences of the dielectric constant and the dielectric dispersion of a WO3 single crystal have been measured in the temperature range from –180 °C to 100 °C and at frequencies from 20 Hz to 1 MHz. A large dielectric anomaly has been observed at 16.2 °C on heating, and the peak value of the dielectric constant is as large as about 105. The anomaly has large thermal hysteresis, long relaxation time and large dielectric dispersion. A transition from ferrielectric state to ferroelectric state induced by an electric field has been observed by D–E hysteresis measurement below room temperature. In the triclinic phase, the coexistence of the monoclinic(II) and the monoclinic(I) phases was observed by EPR (ESR) measurements of doped Cr+3 ions. These results suggest that a frustration of the antiferroelectric and ferroelectric states exists at the dielectric anomaly temperature. The dielectric anomaly can be interpreted as a result of the phase transition between the triclinic phase with micro ferroelectric regions and the antiferroelectric monoclinic(I) phase. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The antioxidant activity of a triterpenoid glycoside isolated from the berries of Hedera colchica: 3‐O‐(β‐d‐glucopyranosyl)‐hederagenin
Authors: İlhami Gülçin  , Mshvildadze Vakhtang , Gepdiremen Akçahan , Elias Riad
Published: January 2006

The antioxidant activity of a triterpenoid glycoside [3‐O‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyl)‐hederagenin; OGH] isolated from the berries of Hedera colchica, an ivy species endemic in Georgia, was investigated. The antioxidant properties of OGH were evaluated using different antioxidant assays: 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl‐hydrazyl free radical (DPPH·) scavenging, total antioxidant activity, reducing power, superoxide anion radical (O2·−) scavenging, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging and metal chelating activities. The total antioxidant activity was measured according to the ferric thiocyanate method. α‐Tocopherol and trolox, a water‐soluble analogue of tocopherol, were used as reference antioxidant compounds. At a 30 µg/mL concentration, the inhibitory effects of OGH on the peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion was found to be 95.3%, whereas α‐tocopherol and trolox exhibited 88.8% and 86.2% inhibition of peroxidation in the system, respectively. In addition, OGH had effective DPPH· scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, total reducing power and metal chelation of ferrous ions activities. These various antioxidant activities were compared with α‐tocopherol and trolox. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Withania somnifera root extract on reserpine‐induced orofacial dyskinesia and cognitive dysfunction
Authors: Naidu Pattipati S. , Singh Amanpreet , Kulkarni Shrinivas K.
Published: January 2006

Tardive dyskinesia is one of the major side effects of long‐term neuroleptic treatment. The pathophysiology of this disabling and commonly irreversible movement disorder is still obscure. Vacuous chewing movements in rats are widely accepted as an animal model of tardive dyskinesia. Oxidative stress and products of lipid peroxidation are implicated in the pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia. Repeated treatment with reserpine (1.0 mg/kg) on alternate days for a period of 5 days (days 1, 3 and 5) signicantly induced vacuous chewing movements and tongue protrusions in rats. Chronic treatment with Withania somnifera root extract (Ws) for a period of 4 weeks to reserpine treated animals signicantly and dose dependently (50 and 100 mg/kg) reduced the reserpine‐induced vacuous chewing movements and tongue protrusions. Reserpine treated animals also showed poor retention of memory in the elevated plus maze task paradigm. Chronic Ws administration signicantly reversed reserpine‐induced retention decits. Biochemical analysis revealed that chronic reserpine treatment signicantly induced lipid peroxidation and decreased the glutathione (GSH) levels in the brains of rats. Chronic reserpine treated rats showed decreased levels of antioxidant defense enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Chronic administration of Ws root extract dose dependently (50 and 100 mg/kg) and signicantly reduced the lipid peroxidation and restored the decreased glutathione levels by chronic reserpine treatment. It also signicantly reversed the reserpine‐induced decrease in brain SOD and catalase levels in rats. The major ndings of the present study indicate that oxidative stress might play an important role in the pathophysiology of reserpine‐induced abnormal oral movements. In conclusion, Withania somnifera root extract could be a useful drug for the treatment of drug‐induced dyskinesia. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antibacterial activity of components from Lomatium californicum
Authors: Chou Shen‐Chieh , Everngam Molly C. , Sturtz George , Beck John J.
Published: January 2006

The isolation, characterization and bioactivity testing of compounds from Lomatium californicum (Nutt.) are described. Ethyl acetate and hexane extracts of the roots of L. californicum were subjected to vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC), flash column chromatography (FCC) and separation by normal‐ and reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Six compounds were isolated successfully and characterized by 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experimentation. The bioactivity of the known compounds (+)‐falcarindiol, coniferyl ferulate, ferulic acid and (Z)‐ligustilide were conrmed against the Gram‐positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. The known compounds senkyunolide I and trans‐neocnidilide were also isolated but in too small a quantity for similar testing. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Migrants from food cans revisited – application of a stochastic model for a more realistic assessment of exposure to bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE)
Authors: Oldring P. K. T. , Castle L. , Hart A. , Holmes M. J.
Published: January 2006

We have used a two‐dimensional probabilistic model to estimate the short‐term dietary exposure of UK consumers to bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) migrating from light metal food packaging. Using three UK National Dietary and Nutrition Surveys comprising 4–7‐day dietary surveys for different ages and genders, actual body weights and survey years, a sample representative of the UK population was obtained, comprising around 4200 food items. The packaging type of each food item was assigned by utilizing known packaging type from the database or by sampling from a distribution based upon market share information or expert judgement. For concentration data, we have used published data for foods or food simulants or a combination of both. The probabilistic approach allowed sensitivity analysis to evaluate the relative importance of the input parameters and placed confidence bounds on the outputs to show the effect of the uncertainties. The refined estimates gave an exposure for UK consumers, at the 97.5th percentile level, of 0.41–0.83 μ/kg body weight (bw)/day for the different age ranges and scenarios run. All estimates are well below the new tolerable daily intake value of 150 μ/kg bw/day for BADGE and its two hydrolysed forms, and are also well below the restriction value of 17 μ/kg bw/day for the other regulated BADGE derivatives. The main contributors to exposure are beverages, along with aqueous and acidic foods. This is because of the high consumption of these classes of foodstuffs, even though levels of migration into these foodstuffs and into their appropriate simulants is normally non‐detectable. Reducing the non‐detectable level six‐fold reduced the estimate of exposure by 40–60%. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.