bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REPRESENTING SPATIAL CONCEPTS: MODERN EAST ASIAN HISTORY IN A DIGITAL PUBLICATION FORMAT
Authors: Wachter Christian
Published: December 2022

How do we adequately capture multivocal history? What are good ways to represent multiple narratives and arguments in an open‐ended fashion? The online publication Bodies and Structures 2.0: Deep‐Mapping Modern East Asian History, edited by David R. Ambaras and Kate McDonald, addresses these questions for modern East Asian spatial history. Mainly a tool for teaching and research, the website works by interlinking historiographical information and primary sources. Complementarily, Bodies and Structures 2.0 displays all its contents via a set of visualizations. In this review essay, I argue that this multimodal format is innovative on two ends. First, the site convincingly implements what earlier research on hypertext and visualization has long sought—namely, to exceed traditional text and its limitations to represent intricate matters neatly. This is because of these media formats’ semiotic efficiency in analytically representing complex wholes and their parts. Second, Bodies and Structures 2.0 successfully translates its multivocal concept of spatial history into an interactive multimodal user experience. All in all, it demonstrates that representing concepts is not just about the applied language of narrative and argumentation; it is also about the publication's form. Bodies and Structures 2.0, therefore, is an exciting work from the perspective of theory of history.
Preparation of SiCf/Si–O–C composites by impregnation pyrolysis of polysiloxane and its electromagnetic wave absorption properties
Authors: Xing Boying , Ding Donghai , Xiao Guoqing , Yang Ning , Lei Changkun , Luo Jiyuan , Mu Yan , Chong Xiaochuan , Jing Chenxi , Luo Xinya , Cheng Hualei
Published: December 2022

High‐temperature structural electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption materials are increasing in demand because they can simultaneously possess the functions of mechanical load‐bearing, heatproof, and EMW absorption. Herein, SiCf/Si–O–C composites were prepared by precursor impregnation pyrolysis using continuous SiC fibers needled felt as reinforcement and polysiloxane as a precursor, respectively. The phase composition, microstructure, complex permittivity, and EMW absorption properties of SiCf/Si–O–C composites after annealing at various temperatures were investigated. The annealing at 1400–1500°C affects positively the EMW absorption performance of the composites, because the β‐SiC microcrystals and SiC nanowires were generated by the activation of carbothermal reduction reaction in the composites, and the aspect ratio of SiC nanowires increased with the rise of temperature. The composites exhibit optimal EMW absorption performance, with the effective absorption bandwidth covering the entire X‐band and the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −32.8 dB at 4.0 mm when the annealing temperature is raised to 1500°C. This is because that the impedance matching is improved as the rising of ε′ and decreasing of ε″ due to the conversion of free carbon in the composite into SiC nanowires.
Better explaining the benefits why AI? Analyzing the impact of explaining the benefits of AI‐supported selection on applicant responses
Authors: Köchling Alina , Wehner Marius Claus
Published: December 2022

Despite the increasing popularity of AI‐supported selection tools, knowledge about the actions that can be taken by organizations to increase AI acceptance is still in its infancy, even though multiple studies point out that applicants react negatively to the implementation of AI‐supported selection tools. Therefore, this study investigates ways to alter applicant reactions to AI‐supported selection. Using a scenario‐based between‐subject design with participants from the working population (N = 200), we varied the information provided by the organization about the reasons for using an AI‐supported selection process (no additional information vs. written information vs. video information) in comparison to a human selection process. Results show that the use of AI without information and with written information decreased perceived fairness, personableness perception, and increased emotional creepiness. In turn, perceived fairness, personableness perceptions, and emotional creepiness mediated the association between an AI‐supported selection process, organizational attractiveness, and the intention to further proceed with the selection process. Moreover, results did not differ for applicants who were provided video explanations of the benefits of AI‐supported selection tools and those who participated in an actual human selection process. Important implications for research and practice are discussed.
‘So near and yet so far’: the early women of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians – the first 20 female MRACP 1938–1947
Authors: Storey Catherine E.
Published: December 2022

At the time of the inauguration of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians in 1938, there were 232 Foundation Fellows, but only five were women. Those who wished to gain a postgraduate qualification for internal medicine or related specialties then sat for Membership of the new College. In the first decade (1938–1947), 250 gained Membership, but only 20 were women. These women lived in an era of professional and societal restrictions. Still, they all showed great determination and contributed significantly to their chosen fields, while many combined a busy practice with family life. They improved the path for those women who followed. Their stories, however, are rarely reported.
Psychometric evaluation of the Wound‐QoL questionnaire to assess health‐related quality of life in Chinese people with chronic wounds
Authors: Wei Min , Yang Qian , Ji Huiming , Yu Xiujuan , Qiu Yansen , Ji Yihong , Yang Dongliang
Published: December 2022

Chronic wounds are very common wound types in clinics which have a prolonged and painful healing process. Chronic wounds affect health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) on patients. However, there is no specific instrument to measure the HRQoL in Chinese patients with chronic wounds. Wound‐QoL is a questionnaire targeted the experience of health‐related life to patients with chronic wounds. The study aims to translate and cross‐culturally adapt the Wound‐QoL into Chinese and to evaluate its psychometric properties (validity, reliability, floor, and ceiling effect) in a convenience sample of 203 Chinese outpatients with chronic wounds. Reliability was good, with internal consistency of 0.798–0.960 and test–retest reliability of 0.720–0.838. Criterion‐related validity was assessed by the correlation coefficient between Wound‐QoL and generic European QoL instrument‐ EQ‐5D‐5L, which was found statistically significant (P<.001). No signs of floor or ceiling effect could be detected. Further, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to verify the reliability and validity of the instrument in this study. In conclusion, the Chinese Wound‐QoL is a valid and reliable tool for measuring HRQoL in populations with chronic wounds.
Application of ultrasound technology for extraction of color pigments from plant sources and their potential bio‐functional properties: A review
Authors: Kumar Gaurav , Upadhyay Srishti , Yadav Dhiraj Kumar , Malakar Santanu , Dhurve Priyanka , Suri Shweta
Published: December 2022

Natural colorants/pigments are nowadays gaining popularity due to increased consumer awareness and severe health problems caused by the use of synthetic pigments. The efficient extraction of natural pigments from different plant sources leads to their effective application as substitutes for synthetic pigments in the food processing sector. In the present review, authors discussed the mechanistic approach of a novel ultrasonication technique in the extraction of natural color pigments having potential bio‐functional characteristics leading to numerous health benefits. The recent advancements in the ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) of plant pigments including anthocyanins, betalains, carotenoids, and chlorophyll were explored. The most significant observations were that the extraction efficiency improved due to the phenomenon of cavitation, low installation and maintenance costs, and reduced energy requirement. Further, the optimum extraction conditions, stability, and bio‐accessibility of the pigment compound significantly impact the process parameters. Moreover, recent progress in enhancing the performance of the UAE technique was addressed.

Practical applications

Ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) is an effective way to improve the recovery of natural pigments from plants. Ultrasound treatment is a novel green extraction technology that offers a wide range of benefits. The present review conveys a better understanding of UAE mechanisms and optimum conditions of extracted pigments from different plant sources for their effective use as a natural colorant in food applications on an industrial scale.
Preparation of yeast flakes enriched with iron and vitamin B12 using a pulsed electric field technology
Authors: Nowosad Karolina , Sujka Monika , Wyrostek Jakub
Published: December 2022

In this study pulsed electric field (PEF) was used to increase accumulation of iron and vitamin B12 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, which were then used to produce flakes. The yeast was enriched in two ways: only by adding iron salt (FeCl3·6H2O) and vitamin B12 to the culture medium and by additional application of PEF. Three trials of yeast flakes were prepared: C1 (control, not supplemented), C2—with B12 and iron salt and not treated with PEF, and P—with B12 and iron salt and treated with PEF (for 20 min at 10 μs pulse width, voltage of 1500 V, a number of pulses 1200 and field frequency 1 Hz). The use of PEF resulted in higher iron and vitamin B12 accumulation, respectively, 2.5‐ and 1.4‐fold for the sample P compared to the sample C2. The potential bioavailability of iron from yeast flakes was 10.13% and vitamin B12–4.31%, and the quality of this product was rated good by a sensory panel.
Midwife‐Led Ultrasound Scanning to Date Pregnancy in Malawi: Development of a Novel Training Program
Authors: Viner Alexandra , Membe‐Gadama Gladys , Whyte Sonia , Kayambo Doris , Masamba Martha , Martin Caroline J. Hollins , Magowan Brian , Reynolds Rebecca M. , Stock Sarah J , Freyne Bridget , Gadama Luis
Published: December 2022

The use of ultrasound to determine gestational age is fundamental to the optimum management of pregnancy and is recommended for all women by the World Health Organization. However, this modality remains unavailable to many women in low‐income countries where trained practitioners are scarce. Although previous initiatives have demonstrated efficacy in training midwives and technicians to perform antenatal ultrasound, these programs have often been too long and too complex to be realistic within the specific constraints of this context, highlighting the need for a novel and pragmatic approach. We describe the development and piloting of a bespoke course to teach midwives 3 fundamental components of early antenatal ultrasound scanning: (1) to identify the number of fetuses, (2) to confirm fetal viability, and (3) to determine gestational age. Having established that 5 days is insufficient, we propose that the minimum duration required to train ultrasound‐naive midwives to competency is 10 days. Our completed program therefore consists of one and one‐half days of didactic teaching, followed by 8 and one‐half days of supervised hands‐on practical training in which trainees are assessed on their skills. This package has subsequently been successfully implemented across 6 sites in Malawi, where 28 midwives have achieved competency. By describing the processes involved in our cross‐continental collaboration, we explain how unexpected challenges helped shape and improve our program, demonstrating the value of preimplementation piloting and a pragmatic and adaptive approach.
Complete digital workflow for prosthesis prototype fabrication with double digital scanning: A retrospective study with 45 edentulous jaws
Authors: Papaspyridakos Panos , Vazouras Konstantinos , Gotsis Sotirios , Bokhary Abdullah , Sicilia Elena , Kudara Yukio , Bedrossian Armand , Chochlidakis Konstantinos
Published: December 2022

Purpose

To assess the accuracy of fit of complete‐arch printed prosthesis prototypes generated with a digital workflow protocol for completely edentulous jaws.

Materials and methods

Forty‐five edentulous jaws (35 patients) underwent intraoral complete‐arch digital scans with the double digital scanning (DDS) technique and the generated standard tessellation language (STL) files were superimposed and imported into computer‐aided design software. After STL merging, each master STL file was used for printing a prosthesis prototype. The primary outcome was the accuracy of fit assessment of the printed prototypes on verified master stone casts. Two experienced clinicians tested the accuracy of fit with radiographs and screw‐resistance tests. Secondary outcomes were the effect of the scan body shape and implant number on the accuracy of fit.

Results

Out of the 45 DDS‐generated prosthesis prototypes, 39 presented with accurate fit on verified master stone casts, yielding an 86.70% accuracy of fit. Cylindrical scan bodies led to 100% accuracy of fit (25/25), whereas polygonal scan bodies presented with 70% accuracy of fit (14/20). Four implant‐supported prostheses yielded 100% accuracy of fit (12/12), compared with 25/29 (86.30%) accuracy of fit for the six‐implant‐supported ones. Fisher's exact test was used to assess the effect of different scan body shapes (p = 0.005) and implant number on accuracy of fit. Chi‐squared test was used to assess the association between the number of implants per arch and the accuracy of fit (p = 0.039).

Conclusions

Thirty‐nine out of 45 complete‐arch prosthesis prototypes generated with a completely digital workflow presented with clinically acceptable fit. The effect of the scan body design and implant number was statistically significant, favoring cylindrical scan bodies and four‐implant‐supported prostheses.
“Grandpa was fatally administered by the Bulgarians1”: Family narratives, national identity, and state history
Authors: Takovski Aleksandar
Published: December 2022

Grandparents’ World War Two (WWII) stories are emotionally powerful, intimate accounts of firsthand experience that can shape grandchildren's ideas of state history, nation, and identity. This effect, I argue, manifests most intensively in critical times when national history and identity are threatened. Such was the case when former Macedonian Prime Minister Zoran Zaev relayed a controversial version of Macedonian national history and identity in a TV interview. In reaction, many Macedonian citizens shared fragments of their grandparents’ WWII stories. This study analyzes several more detailed versions of these grandparents’ narratives in order to ascertain the formative power of family WWII stories over one's personal sense of national identity. To do so, it will examine the positioning practices of the present‐day narrators, the grandchildren of WWII participants, focusing on the manners in which they interactively reproduce their own sense of national identity vis‐a‐vis‐these stories.
Factor models for high‐dimensional functional time series I: Representation results
Authors: Hallin Marc , Nisol Gilles , Tavakoli Shahin
Published: December 2022

In this article, which consists of two parts (Part I: representation results; Part II: estimation and forecasting methods), we set up the theoretical foundations for a high‐dimensional functional factor model approach in the analysis of large cross‐sections (panels) of functional time series (FTS). In Part I, we establish a representation result stating that, under mild assumptions on the covariance operator of the cross‐section, we can represent each FTS as the sum of a common component driven by scalar factors loaded via functional loadings, and a mildly cross‐correlated idiosyncratic component. Our model and theory are developed in a general Hilbert space setting that allows for mixed panels of functional and scalar time series. We then turn, in Part II, to the identification of the number of factors, and the estimation of the factors, their loadings, and the common components. We provide a family of information criteria for identifying the number of factors, and prove their consistency. We provide average error bounds for the estimators of the factors, loadings, and common components; our results encompass the scalar case, for which they reproduce and extend, under weaker conditions, well‐established similar results. Under slightly stronger assumptions, we also provide uniform bounds for the estimators of factors, loadings, and common components, thus extending existing scalar results. Our consistency results in the asymptotic regime where the number of series and the number  of time observations diverge thus extend to the functional context the ‘blessing of dimensionality’ that explains the success of factor models in the analysis of high‐dimensional (scalar) time series. We provide numerical illustrations that corroborate the convergence rates predicted by the theory, and provide a finer understanding of the interplay between   and for estimation purposes. We conclude with an application to forecasting mortality curves, where we demonstrate that our approach outperforms existing methods.
Using principal component analysis to explore co‐variation of vowels
Authors: Wilson Black Joshua , Brand James , Hay Jen , Clark Lynn
Published: December 2022

This paper presents a methodology for exploring systematic co‐variation of vowels using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). As a case study, we examine and build on Brand et al.'s (2021) study of systematic co‐variation amongst the monophthongs of New Zealand English (NZE) across speakers born over a 118‐year time period. We present PCA as a methodology, with information aimed at readers who may themselves want to use it in a related context. We consider tests for the appropriateness of PCA, how to select Principal Components, and how to interpret them once they have been found. At each stage, we provide code in the R programing language to enable readers to both follow our analysis and apply the same methods to their own data.
Genetic analysis reveals the putative native range and widespread double‐clonal reproduction in the invasive longhorn crazy ant
Authors: Tseng Shu‐Ping , Darras Hugo , Hsu Po‐Wei , Yoshimura Tsuyoshi , Lee Chow‐Yang , Wetterer James K. , Keller Laurent , Yang Chin‐Cheng Scotty
Published: December 2022

Clonal reproduction can provide an advantage for invasive species to establish as it can circumvent inbreeding depression which often plagues introduced populations. The world's most widespread invasive ant,Paratrechina longicornis, was previously found to display a double‐clonal reproduction system, whereby both males and queens are produced clonally, resulting in separate male and queen lineages, while workers are produced sexually. Under this unusual reproduction mode, inbreeding is avoided in workers as they carry hybrid interlineage genomes. Despite the ubiquitous distribution ofP. longicornis, the significance of this reproductive system for the ant's remarkable success remains unclear, as its prevalence is still unknown. Further investigation into the controversial native origin ofP. longicornisis also required to reconstruct the evolutionary histories of double‐clonal lineages. Here, we examine genetic variation and characterize the reproduction mode ofP. longicornispopulations sampled worldwide using microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA sequences to infer the ant's putative native range and the distribution of the double‐clonal reproductive system. Analyses of global genetic variations indicate that the Indian subcontinent is a genetic diversity hotspot of this species, suggesting thatP. longicornisprobably originates from this geographical area. Our analyses revealed that both the inferred native and introduced populations exhibit double‐clonal reproduction, with queens and males around the globe belonging to two separate, nonrecombining clonal lineages. By contrast, workers are highly heterozygous because they are first‐generation interlineage hybrids. Overall, these data indicate a worldwide prevalence of double clonality inP. longicornisand support the prediction that the unusual genetic system may have pre‐adapted this ant for global colonization by maintaining heterozygosity in the worker force and alleviating genetic bottlenecks.
Unveiling the identities of null cell tumours: Epigenomics corroborate subtle histological cues in pituitary neuroendocrine tumour/adenoma classification
Authors: Dottermusch Matthias , Schüller Ulrich , Hagel Christian , Saeger Wolfgang
Published: December 2022

Aims

Pituitary neuroendocrine tumour (PitNET)/adenoma classification is based on cell lineage and requires immunopositivity for adenohypophysial hormones and/or transcription factors (TFs) steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1), T‐box transcription factor TBX19 (TPIT) or pituitary‐specific positive transcription factor 1 (PIT1). PitNET/adenomas lacking lineage affiliation are termed ‘null cell’ tumours (NCTs). NCT diagnosis may be afflicted by methodological limitations and inconsistent diagnostic approaches. Previous studies have questioned the existence of true NCTs. In this study, we explore the epigenomic identities of PitNET/adenomas lacking clear TF immunopositivity.

Methods

Seventy‐four hormone‐negative PitNET/adenomas were immunostained and scored for SF1, TPIT and PIT1 expression. All tumours were classified as gonadotroph, corticotroph, PIT1‐positive or ‘null cell’. NCTs were subjected to global DNA methylation analysis. Epigenomic profiles of NCTs were compared to reference tumours using Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) plotting and methylation‐based classification.

Results

TF immunostaining revealed definite lineage identity in 59 of 74 (79.7%) hormone‐negative PitNET/adenomas. Of the remaining 15 NCTs, 13 demonstrated minimal and inconclusive nuclear SF1 or TPIT expression (5 and 8, respectively). Two NCTs were entirely immunonegative. UMAP plotting and methylation‐based classification demonstrated that the epigenomes of NCTs with minimal SF1 or TPIT expression were adequately affiliated with gonadotroph or corticotroph lineages, respectively. The two immunonegative NCTs were located near the corticotroph PitNET/adenomas via UMAP, whereas the methylation classifier could not match these two cases to predefined tumour classes.

Conclusions

Epigenomic analyses substantiate lineage identification based on minimal TF immunopositivity in PitNET/adenomas. This strategy dramatically decreases the incidence of NCTs and further challenges the legitimacy of NCTs as a distinct PitNET/adenoma subtype. Our study may be useful for guiding diagnostic efforts and future considerations of PitNET/adenoma classification.
Mechanisms underlying the formation of complex color patterns on Nigella orientalis (Ranunculaceae) petals
Authors: Yuan Yi , Li Xuan , Yao Xu , Fu Xuehao , Cheng Jie , Shan Hongyan , Yin Xiaofeng , Kong Hongzhi
Published: December 2022

Complex color patterns on petals are widespread in flowering plants, yet the mechanisms underlying their formation remain largely unclear.

Here, by conducting detailed morphological, anatomical, biochemical, optical, transcriptomic, and functional studies, we investigated the cellular bases, chromogenic substances, reflectance spectra, developmental processes, and underlying mechanisms of complex color pattern formation on Nigella orientalis petals.

We found that the complexity of the N. orientalis petals in color pattern is reflected at multiple levels, with the amount and arrangement of different pigmented cells being the key. We also found that biosynthesis of the chromogenic substances of different colors is sequential, so that one color/pattern is superimposed on another. Expression and functional studies further revealed that a pair of R2R3‐MYB genes function cooperatively to specify the formation of the eyebrow‐like horizontal stripe and the Mohawk haircut‐like splatters. Specifically, while NiorMYB113‐1 functions to draw a large splatter region, NiorMYB113‐2 functions to suppress the production of anthocyanins from the region where a gap will form, thereby forming the highly specialized pattern.

Our results provide a detailed portrait for the spatiotemporal dynamics of the coloration of N. orientalis petals and help better understand the mechanisms underlying complex color pattern formation in plants.
VqWRKY56 interacts with VqbZIPC22 in grapevine to promote proanthocyanidin biosynthesis and increase resistance to powdery mildew
Authors: Wang Ya , Wang Xianhang , Fang Jinghao , Yin Wuchen , Yan Xiaoxiao , Tu Mingxing , Liu Hui , Zhang Zhengda , Li Zhi , Gao Min , Lu Hua , Wang Yuejin , Wang Xiping
Published: December 2022

Powdery mildew (PM) is a severe fungal disease of cultivated grapevine world‐wide. Proanthocyanidins (PAs) play an important role in resistance to fungal pathogens; however, little is known about PA‐mediated PM resistance in grapevine.

We identified a WRKY transcription factor, VqWRKY56, from Vitis quinquangularis, the expression of which was significantly induced by PM.

Overexpression (OE) of VqWRKY56 in Vitis vinifera increased PA content and reduced susceptibility to PM. Furthermore, the transgenic plants showed more cell death and increased accumulation of salicylic acid and reactive oxygen species. Transient silencing of VqWRKY56 in V. quinquangularis and V. vinifera reduced PA accumulation and increased the susceptibility to PM. VqWRKY56 interacted with VqbZIPC22 in vitro and in planta. The protein VqWRKY56 can bind to VvCHS3, VvLAR1, and VvANR promoters, and VqbZIPC22 can bind to VvANR promoter. Co‐expression of VqWRKY56 and VqbZIPC22 significantly increased the transcript level of VvCHS3, VvLAR1, and VvANR genes. Finally, transient OE of VqbZIPC22 in V. vinifera promoted PA accumulation and improved resistance to PM, while transient silencing in V. quinquangularis had the opposite effect.

Our study provides new insights into the mechanism of PA regulation by VqWRKY56 in grapevine and provides a basis for further metabolic engineering of PA biosynthesis to improve PM resistance.
Nitrogen enrichment and foliar fungal pathogens affect the mechanisms of multispecies plant coexistence
Authors: Granjel Rodrigo R. , Allan Eric , Godoy Oscar
Published: December 2022

Changes in resources (e.g. nitrogen) and enemies (e.g. foliar pathogens) are key drivers of plant diversity and composition. However, their effects have not been connected to the niche and fitness differences that determine multispecies coexistence.

Here, we combined a structuralist theoretical approach with a detailed grassland experiment factorially applying nitrogen addition and foliar fungal pathogen suppression to evaluate the joint effect of nitrogen and pathogens on niche and fitness differences, across a gradient from two to six interacting species.

Nitrogen addition and pathogen suppression modified species interaction strengths and intrinsic growth rates, leading to reduced multispecies fitness differences. However, contrary to expected, we also observed that they promote stabilising niche differences. Although these modifications did not substantially alter species richness, they predicted major changes in community composition. Indirect interactions between species explained these community changes in smaller assemblages (three and four species) but lost importance in favour of direct pairwise interactions when more species were involved (five and six).

Altogether, our work shows that explicitly considering the number of interacting species is critical for better understanding the direct and indirect processes by which nitrogen enrichment and pathogen communities shape coexistence in grasslands.
Atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter related mortality trends in the US population 2010–2020: Regional, racial, sex variations
Authors: Ghajar Alireza , Essa Mohammed , DeLago Augustin , Parvez Arshi , Aryan Zahra , Shalhoub Joseph , Hammond‐Haley Matthew , Hartley Adam , Sargsyan Vahe , Salciccioli Justin , Faridi Kamil F. , Nazarian Saman , Philips Binu
Published: December 2022

Background

There is an evolving need to evaluate atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter (AF/AFL) mortality trends across races, sexes, geographic regions and urbanization statuses to better understand management inequalities.

Methods

This observational study utilized the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide‐Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database. Mortality rates due to AF/AFL as underlying and contributing causes of death between 2010 and 2020 were investigated. Mortality trends due to AF/AFL as contributing causes of death for different races, sexes, census regions and urbanization statuses were analyzed using annual percentage change (APC), and Joinpoint regression analysis.

Results

Mortality from AF/AFL as the underlying cause was increasing across the US until 2016 (APC 4.8%), followed by a plateau 2016–2020 (APC 0.0 %). Conversely, the mortality rate due to AF/AFL as a contributing cause increases 2010–2020 (APC 3.3%). The mortality rate in both sexes significantly increased in almost all groups, with the largest increase seen in Non‐Hispanic Black males. Rural areas had a higher mortality rate (36.9 and 22.9 per 100,000 for males and females in 2020, respectively) and higher slope of increase than urban areas in total US population. Non‐Hispanic White people had greater mortality than Non‐Hispanic Black people; however, Non‐Hispanic Black mortality rates are increasing at a faster rate in urban areas.

Conclusion

AF/AFL as the underlying cause of death has plateaued from 2016 across the US 2010–2020; whilst AF/AFL as contributing cause of death is increasing. Significant discrepancies in mortality rates are identified between races and urbanization status.
Pre‐implementation formative evaluation of cooperative pain education and self‐management expanding treatment for real‐world access: A pragmatic pain trial
Authors: Mattocks Kristin M. , LaChappelle Kathryn M. , Krein Sarah L. , DeBar Lynn L. , Martino Steve , Edmond Sara , Ankawi Brett , MacLean R. Ross , Higgins Diana M. , Murphy Jennifer L. , Cooper Emily , Heapy Alicia A.
Published: December 2022

Objective

Cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain (CBT‐CP) is an evidence‐based treatment for improving functioning and pain intensity for people with chronic pain with extensive evidence of effectiveness. However, there has been relatively little investigation of the factors associated with successful implementation and uptake of CBT‐CP, particularly clinician and system level factors. This formative evaluation examined barriers and facilitators to the successful implementation and uptake of CBT‐CP from the perspective of CBT‐CP clinicians and referring primary care clinicians.

Methods

Qualitative interviews guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research were conducted at nine geographically diverse Veterans Affairs sites as part of a pragmatic clinical trial comparing synchronous, clinician‐delivered CBT‐CP and remotely delivered, technology‐assisted CBT‐CP. Analysis was informed by a grounded theory approach.

Results

Twenty‐six clinicians (CBT‐CP clinicians = 17, primary care clinicians = 9) from nine VA medical centers participated in individual qualitative interviews conducted by telephone from April 2019 to August 2020. Four themes emerged in the qualitative interviews: (1) the complexity and variability of referral pathways across sites, (2) referring clinician's lack of knowledge about CBT‐CP, (3) referring clinician's difficulty identifying suitable candidates for CBT‐CP, and (4) preference for interventions that can be completed from home.

Conclusions

This formative evaluation identified clinician and system barriers to widespread implementation of CBT‐CP and allowed for refinement of the subsequent implementation of two forms of CBT‐CP in an ongoing pragmatic trial. Identification of relative difference in barriers and facilitators in the two forms of CBT‐CP may emerge more clearly in a pragmatic trial that evaluates how treatments perform in real‐world settings and may provide important information to guide future system‐wide implementation efforts.
Although in shortage, nursing workforce is still a significant contributor to life expectancy at birth
Authors: You Wenpeng , Donnelly Frank
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Previous studies have not fully reported the strength and independency of the correlation of nursing workforce to life expectancy. This study advances that nursing workforce is a major independent contributor to life expectancy at birth (LEB) globally and regionally.

Design

A cross‐sectional study was conducted at population level.

Sample

Ecological data were extracted from the United Nations agencies for 215 populations. Each population is considered a research subject.

Measurements

The correlation between nursing workforce and LEB was analyzed with scatter plots, bivariate correlation, partial correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses, Analysis of Variance post hoc and independent T‐test. Economic affluence, urban lifestyle and obesity were included as the potential confounders in this study.

Intervention

Not applicable

Results

Nursing workforce correlated to LEB and this relationship remained regardless of the competition of economic affluence, urbanization, and obesity. Second to economic affluence, nursing workforce showed the greatest influence on LEB. In total, 64.50% of LEB was explained in this study. Nursing workforce was a determinant of regional variations of LEB.

Conclusions

Nursing workforce may be a significant contributor to LEB globally and regionally. This contribution was independent of the potential confounding effects of economic affluence, urbanization, and obesity.
Protecting the marine environment from the impacts of climate change: A regime interaction study
Authors: Klerk Bastiaan Ewoud
Published: December 2022

As the oceans are heavily impacted by climate change, effective regulatory responses are needed to mitigate, as well as to adapt to, these adverse effects. Problematically, however, neither the international climate change regime nor the international law of the sea specifically addresses the adverse effects of climate change on the oceans. This article analyses the interactions between these regimes, seeking to illuminate how Part XII of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) on the protection and preservation of the marine environment ought to be interpreted in light of the Paris Agreement. As such, the limits of UNCLOS' capacity to grow and evolve as a ‘living instrument’ are explored. The article finds that the standard of conduct set by Part XII is informed by the Paris Agreement and the due diligence obligation that flows from it, which functions as a minimum threshold. States are, additionally, required to take measures that are specifically designed to protect the marine environment from the adverse effects of climate change and pollution from carbon dioxide.
Stratigraphic evolution of a spectacularly exposed turbidite channel belt from the Tachrift System (late Tortonian, north‐East Morocco)
Authors: Reguzzi Simone , Marini Mattia , Felletti Fabrizio , El Kati Imad , Zuffetti Chiara , Tabyaoui Hassan
Published: December 2022

The sedimentary architecture of channelized turbidites can be highly complex as it reflects the response of submarine channels to several interplaying factors. Although intensively investigated through seismic imaging, turbidite channel fills are not convincingly calibrated for sedimentary facies at a sub‐seismic scale. This contribution addresses the sedimentary architecture and the controls on the evolution of a ca 20 m thick channel‐levee complex of the Tachrift turbidite subunit (Upper Miocene, the Melloulou Formation), which accumulated along the southern slope of the Neogene Taza‐Guercif Basin (Rifian Corridor of north‐east Morocco). Facies and architectural analyses indicate that the studied channel‐levee complex is the result of three‐fold evolution. From base to top, it is comprised of: (i) a ca 7 m thick lower mud‐prone interval containing relatively small and vertically stacked channel fills with poorly developed muddy levees; (ii) a ca 4 m thick and >1 km wide sandstone‐rich middle interval made of lateral accretion packages that become progressively less amalgamated and fine‐grained and is overlain by ca 5 m of thin‐bedded mud‐rich turbidites intercalated with hemiplegic marlstones; and (iii) an up to ca 9 m thick upper interval constituted by aggradational channel fills with well‐developed levees and variously directed lateral accretion packages. This organization suggests that, following a phase of inception (lower interval), the channel underwent extensive meandering with very minor vertical aggradation, prior to being blanketed by ‘retrogressive’ muddy lobes (middle interval) during a phase of reduced sediment input. In turn, the uppermost interval records a late phase of channel re‐establishment and aggradation that likely terminated as a result of up‐dip avulsion. It is suggested that the observed change of architectural style reflected the feedback of changing sediment input, slope equilibrium profile and channel morphodynamics.
Challenges in the conceptualization of trait self‐control as a psychological construct
Authors: Wennerhold Lasse , Friese Malte
Published: December 2022

Self‐control is widely believed to be a valuable characteristic that contributes to leading a healthy, happy, and successful life through the effective pursuit of long‐term goals. Yet, despite a prolific literature spanning decades, essential questions about the conceptual nature of trait self‐control remain unanswered. Substantially different perspectives on the theoretical nature of (trait) self‐control coexist side by side. We briefly review prominent views informing what trait self‐control as a psychological construct is. On this basis, we identify four conceptual challenges that we think the field should address moving forward: (a) integrating theoretical notions, (b) addressing variability in individual goals, (c) acknowledging variability in dominant responses, and (d) anchoring trait self‐control in a nomological network. We highlight why addressing these challenges is crucial for gaining a deeper understanding of trait self‐control. We also suggest how theoretical conceptualizations of trait self‐control might do so and the implications this would bear for measurement and interventions.
Implementing individual placement and support in Norway. From vocational rehabilitation to an employment scheme
Authors: Moe Cathrine , Brinchmann Beate , Borg Marit , McDaid David , Rinaldi Miles , Killackey Eóin , Mykletun Arnstein
Published: December 2022

We explore the implementation and development of individual placement and support (IPS) in Norway. IPS is an evidence‐based practice for supporting people experiencing mental illness to obtain and maintain competitive employment. Implementation of IPS into routine practice has been challenged by different paradigms in vocational rehabilitation, health and welfare policies. Data were mainly collected through individual and joint interviews of IPS experts and key stakeholders involved in the implementation of IPS. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Three themes were derived from the analysis, representing different phases in the implementation process: (1) seeking a way to meet unmet need in work and mental health practice, (2) gathering knowledge and national evidence, and (3) embedding IPS into routine practice. The study demonstrates how health and welfare policy gradually developed IPS from vocational rehabilitation to a mainstreamed welfare employment scheme. This development may secure the future of IPS in Norway. However, the implications for practice in the longer term are unknown. Our study provides insight into how implementation of an evidence‐based practice both influences and is influenced by national policymaking.
An intolerable burden: Racist territoriality in theUnited StatesSupreme Court's Insular Cases
Authors: Harden Meagan
Published: December 2022

The Insular Cases are a set of early twentieth‐century US Supreme Court cases establishing the legal relationship between the United States and its territorial acquisitions. The Insular Cases have received limited scholarly attention in geography, despite their integral role in continuing to deny full constitutional protections to over 3.5 million American citizens and nationals. Informed by conceptualisations of territory as both process and political technology, political geography offers a critical lens through which to interpret the spatial implications of the Insular Cases. This article conducts a discourse analysis of the Insular Cases, tracing the US Supreme Court's creation of incorporated and unincorporated territorial statuses as they are positioned within contemporaneous racist logic and international norms. I argue that, by inventing differentiated categories of territory, the Insular Cases sought to spatially accommodate white supremacist imaginaries. This paper advances political geography by centring the judicial production of American territorial categories, and adds a geographic perspective to existing literature that interrogates the white supremacist, imperialist source of territorial status today.
A Word and a Word Combination in Language and Speech
Authors: Diachok Natalia , Kuvarova Olena , Vysotska Tetiana , Korotkova Svitlana , Khurtak Iryna
Published: December 2022

Objective of the research is to identify and describe a nominative linguistic unit and its structural modifications based on the non-word-centered approach to the study of linguistic tasks: 1) to determine differential and integral features of a word and a word combination as the universal language and/or speech (textual) units; 2) to describe the differentiation parameters of a word and a word combination as the nominative units; 3) to single out principles of the classification of language and speech (textual) units. Descriptive and structural methods are the basic research methods helping demonstrate the characteristic features of the language and speech units under consideration as well as the processes of their origin and functioning. A method of distributive analysis is applied to determine the transformation forms of nominative units. Theorization is based on a genetic method, in terms of which some specified objects and some system of the “admissible actions on the objects” are considered to be the starting point. The abovementioned facts demonstrate that the definition of a main nominative linguistic unit is the singling out of such a unit that encompasses the main – nominative – function. A lingual substance of any form (synthetic and analytic) may be considered as that unit – the unit capable of comprehensive conveying of the concept content and complete expressing of the meaning of a subject, object, sign, action etc. In general, the nomeme is defined as some abstract linguistic unit implemented in verbal and polyverbal forms (glosses and doublets).
Communication in Audiovisual Culture as a Separate Sign System
Authors: Horyslavets Yevhen
Published: December 2022

The relevance of the topic is that the development of the type of communication – sign and signal system, including based on the sensory characteristics of man as a whole organism – is an issue, at first glance, quite simple and obvious. But with the development of science, the rapid movement of scientific and technological progress, the emergence of theater, television– it turns out that the issue, in fact, is not fully disclosed, because it has its roots much deeper than it seems at first glance. The aim of the article is the direct cause-and-effect relationships between sign systems and communication in audiovisual culture. Methods such as analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, abstraction, concretisation and structuring of the obtained data were used. The article identifies one of the approaches to understanding communication in audiovisual culture. The specific features of modern media space are studied, its key characteristics are described. The problematic approach to the interpretation of communication as a separate plane for human interaction is pointed out. The issue of semiotic analysis of media space at three levels is studied. It was found that semiotic analysis allows identifying in more detail the way of organising, structuring the story and how the content is transmitted through the general architecture of the text. The problems of behavioural analysis of the framing effect are identified. It is established that the paralinguistic system acquires special significance as a method of media coding. It is confirmed that each film is the embodiment of a universal form of history.
The Development of New Thinking as a Consequence of the Influence of Screen Culture
Authors: Barnych Mykhailo , Petrenko Serhii , Nechaienko Tetiana , Kovsh Oleksandr , Saminina Hanna
Published: December 2022

The relevance of this paper lies in the increasingly global impact of screen culture on both social, political, cultural, and everyday aspects of social life. The purpose of the paper is a concise, structured, clear review of the subject of the influence of screen culture on the development of new social thinking, considering the concepts of “screen culture”, “influence”, the development of cinema and its use, and describing the interaction between them and the consequences of this interaction. In the process of writing this paper, theoretical methods of scientific cognition were used. Using the method of abstraction from the perspective of a general subject area, separate concepts were identified from the research. Using the synthesis method, the collected material was structured and combined into a scheme acceptable for research. Therewith, using the analytical method, the features, properties of these features, and the mutual influence and relationship between them were distinguished. To form many conclusions of the work, the method of analogies was also used since individual concepts and the general subject of the paper were considered, including in the context of global processes of changing the style and ways of thinking of humanity under the influence of digital technologies. Methods of description and generalisation helped to form the final part of the paper during the establishment of general properties and features of objects of study. As a result of writing the paper, the concepts of “screen culture”, the causes, process, and consequences of changing the thinking of a modern person and their mutual influence, as well as the results of this interaction in the conditions of a new digital reality and the transition of the developed part of the world to a new technological level of human development were described concisely, rather limited, but in a meaningful and structured way. This paper and the materials based on which it was written can be useful for teachers and students studying the field of journalism, political science, psychology, as well as a short introductory discourse for specialists or students of political strategists, speechwriters, and a wide range of interested readers.