bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Detection of SQL Injection on Blockchain-Based Database
Authors: Sinha Keshav , Verma Madhav
Published: March 2021

In today's world, the storage of data needs a huge amount of space. Meanwhile, cloud and distributed environments provide sufficient storage space for the data. One of the challenging tasks is the privacy prevention of storage data. To overcome the problem of privacy, the blockchain-based database is used to store the data. There are various attacks like denial of service attacks (DoS) and insider attacks that are performed by the adversary to compromise the security of the system. In this chapter, the authors discussed a blockchain-based database, where data are encrypted and stored. The Web API is used as an interface for the storage and sharing of data. Here, they are mainly focused on the SQL injection attack, which is performed by the adversary on Web API. To cope with this problem, they present the case study based on the Snort and Moloch for automated detection of SQL attack, network analysis, and testing of the system.
Comparative Analysis of Value at Risk(VaR) of MSCI-EMI With Traditional Time Series Methods and ANN
Authors: Çevik Emre , Kantarcı Savaş Suzan , Yalçın Esin Cumhur
Published: March 2021

In this chapter, the VaR of the MSCI emerging market index (MSCI-EMI) developed by Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) is estimated using linear, nonlinear time series and ANN. In this context, the aim of the study is to estimate the VaR exceedance of the MSCI-EMI as a global financial risk indicator compared with traditional time series methods and ANN. In addition, the most effective method on this index is determined by statistical information criteria, and the comparative evaluation of the model selection criteria is carried out. The period of analysis is between December 1987-April 2020 with monthly frequency and VaR exceedance obtained with ARMA-GARCH, TGARCH, EGARCH, GJR, and ANN models. Confidence levels of models, VaR exceedance, and Kupeic statistics are obtained. VaR exceedances are examined through the superior model.
The Confluence of Sustainability and Governance at the Universidade da Coruña (Spain)
Authors: Longarela-Ares Ángeles , Mourelle Estefanía , Gago-Cortés Carmen
Published: March 2021

Universities are experiencing a transition to sustainable universities, as addressing environmental concerns has become a cornerstone for the governance of higher education institutions. As responsible for the formation of decision-makers and because of its duty with the society, these institutions must be in line with the current society. This chapter deals with the implementation of sustainable procedures and initiatives in a concrete university: the Universidade da Coruña in Spain. Great efforts have been done regarding raising awareness on environmental issues and the implementation of sustainable procedures, even with limited economic resources. As a result, this university is very well positioned in international rankings and has great potential in the field of sustainable development.
Open Innovation as a Strategy to Sustainably Compete in the Textile Industry
Authors: Santos Sara , Dieguez Teresa
Published: March 2021

Innovation is crucial for business in order to meet consumers' needs and stakeholders' expectations. Innovation emerges as a must for all activity sectors, including the textile industry. Change can be an opportunity for organizations that present competitive advantages and new solutions. However, not all changes are directly visible, and innovation by nature is impossible to quantify and measure. This intangibility requires tools to help managers monitor the results of their investment. The present study applies the Innovation Scoring 1.0, a Portuguese tool for companies to self-evaluate in what concerns innovation, efficiency, and profitability improvement. It is structured in three main sections: literature review, case study, and conclusions. The study showed that a company may improve its results through open innovation, being leadership, and organizational culture determinants in the process.
The Country-Level Determinants of Sustainability Reporting in Emerging Markets
Authors: Ates Sinem
Published: March 2021

This chapter examines the role of the institutional environment in the adoption of GRI-based sustainability reporting in emerging markets. Panel data analysis of the relevant data of firms from 20 emerging markets provides evidence that environmental, social, and governance performance, financial structure, and cultural dimensions are the institutional drivers of corporate social responsibility disclosure which was measured by publishing a GRI-based sustainability report. Overall findings of the study show that strategic decisions regarding CSR disclosure of companies are shaped by the institutional context in which they operate.
Offshore Wind as a Base for a New Sustainable Business
Authors: Filgueira-Vizoso Almudena , Enríquez-Díaz Joaquín , Lamas-Galdo Isabel , Puime Guillén Félix , Cordal-Iglesias David , Álvarez García Begoña , Castro-Santos Laura
Published: March 2021

The aim of this chapter is to examine the offshore wind as a pillar for a new sustainable business. In this context, the chapter firstly analyses the significance of renewable energies. Secondly, it analyses several types of offshore renewable energies, the state of offshore wind energy in Europe, and the projections of offshore wind in the world. Thirdly, it presents an overview of the levelized cost of energy (LCOE), comparing its value for different energy technologies. Moreover, a new concept, called SCOE, is introduced to incorporates society in the LCOE equation. Finally, conclusions talk about the importance of choosing a sustainable way of generating electricity in our future.
The Future of LIS and Media Training in the Global Era
Authors: Musimbi Walter Luvungu , Mutuku Purity Kavuri
Published: March 2021

There is growing concern among information science practitioners and librarians on their relevance in the constantly changing world of technology where their work is seemingly under threat. This has been caused by increase in technological advancement and processes that are automating the processes which basically entailed their work. This chapter thus seeks to provide these practitioners, particularly their trainers, with some insight into the future prospects and the place of LIS and media in the coming years by attempting to define roles and processes that they may play for them to remain as relevant as they have always been.
Digital Libraries and the Role of Digital Librarians
Authors: Kehinde Adetola
Published: March 2021

This chapter presents a holistic view of digital libraries and the role of digital librarians. Technological changes and the use of electronic storage and retrieval information systems have changed the way students and researchers are able to access, retrieve and use information. Key topics presented in the chapter include the concept of digitization, reasons for digitization, definitions of digital library, features of digital library, characteristics of digital libraries, advantages and disadvantages of digital library, collection development and content creation, digital librarianship, role of librarians in digital libraries, issues of concern to digital librarians, process of digitization of library resources, digital library components, and digital rights management.
A Study on Information and Communication Technology Skills of LIS Professionals in Management Institutions of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Solaipriya P. L. , Suresh M.
Published: March 2021

The importance of information and communications technologies (ICTs) as powerful tools for socio-economic development is now widely acknowledged not only among large corporations but small business enterprises as well. However, for ICT to be effectively deployed as engines of economic development existing IT skills gap both in developed and developing countries must be addressed. The present study covers the library and information science (LIS) professionals of 90 management institutes of Tamil Nadu. The present study attempts to study the ICT skills of LIS professionals working in these institutes.
The Library Big Data Research: Status and Directions
Authors: Xu Shaochun , Du Wencai , Wang Chunning , Liu Dapeng
Published: March 2021

Libraries are widely used by government, universities, research institutes, and the public since they are storing and managing intellectual assets. The library information directly stored in libraries and about the people interaction with libraries can be transformed into accessible data which then will be used by researchers to help library better serve users. Librarians need to understand how to transform, analyze, and present data in order to facilitate such knowledge creation. For example, the challenges they face include how to make big datasets more useful, visible and accessible. Fortunately, with new and powerful analytics of big data, such as information visualization tools, researchers/users can look at data in new ways and mine it for information they intend to have. Moreover, interaction of users and stored information has been taken into librarian's consideration to improve library service quality. In this work, the authors discuss the characteristics of datasets in library and argue against a popular confusion that data involved in library research is not big enough, conduct a review for the research work on library big data and then summarize the applications and research directions in this field. The status of big data research in library in China is discussed. The challenges associated with it are also discussed and explored.
Social Media, Social Networking, Copyright, and Digital Libraries
Authors: Bosire-Ogechi Emily
Published: March 2021

Libraries have evolved over time in tandem with the prevailing innovations. This is evidenced by the changes witnessed from the time writing was done on clay tablets to the virtual libraries of today. Technological advancement has been a key pillar of the development of libraries. Indeed, it has given rise to digital libraries that have given access and use of information resources a new focus. Technological developments such as Web 2.0, and specifically social media as well as social networking, have enabled users to access creative works in digital libraries freely. Similarly, they have enabled library users to share the same content freely on social networks. This situation has brought a conflict with copyright laws that require users of creative works to seek permission from their owners before accessing or sharing them. This chapter analyses this conflict and provides recommendations on how it can be managed.
Redefining Public Library Reach Through New Outreach Service Delivery Models
Authors: Jain Sanmati Jinendran , Kothandaraman R.
Published: March 2021

In libraries, outreach is often described as services for those who are infrequent users or non-users, or as services for those who are traditionally underserved. Library outreach strives to provide equitable delivery of library services to all, through the development of programs, services, and policies that make the library available to everyone to engage with public and to offer specific targeted services. The aim of this chapter was to identify the current range and scope of public library outreach service models, including an overview of the development of these models to explore the strengths, weaknesses, costs, benefits, and opportunities of different outreach models that can be used within public libraries.
Innovative Marketing Strategies in Academic Libraries
Authors: Waral Nancy L.
Published: March 2021

Advancements of Science and Technology have made a tremendous impact on all walks of life. Library and Information centers are no exception. The ICT-based marketing techniques are employed in libraries in an innovative way to maximize the usage. A similar approach can be followed in academic libraries, especially in higher educational institutions with an intention to maximize the use library resources to user's satisfaction. In this context, the chapter analyzes the various facets of marketing techniques in academic libraries. This chapter highlights the intention of academic libraries to use the resources at maximum level. The library home page in the institutional websites and links provided in them to the variety of e-resources play a pivotal role. Social Medias, blogs, and other promotional materials are extensively used as innovative marketing strategies in academic libraries. Efforts to familiarize the library professionals in adopting different marketing strategies help to use the resources at optimum level.
Marketing Information Products and Services Through Digital Platforms
Authors: Ogundokun Roseline O. , Afolayan Joel O. , Adegun Adekanmi A. , Afolabi Abiola G.
Published: March 2021

Library and information science (LIS) have developed gradually over a period of time taking the opportunity of technology being spread widely. Library management system (LMS) is one of such earlier areas where ICT have been applied to the operations of the library. LSM will allow librarians to be keeping greater restriction over data stores and applications containing delicate, secretive, confidential or unrevealing information about customers, products, clients. The emergence of cloud computing is creating a new area of research in relation to libraries. Cloud computing is being influenced by the developers of library systems to facilitate the possibility of moving away from ILS/LMS called library services platforms (LSP). This chapter reviewed cloud computing, it uses, cloud computing in libraries and projects LSPS, Market Information products and services, identified the available digital platforms and makes appropriate and relevant recommendations.
Promoting Library Services in a Digital Environment in Zimbabwe
Authors: Chiparausha Blessing , Chigwada Josiline Phiri
Published: March 2021

This chapter documents the strategies that are employed by librarians in promoting library and information services in Zimbabwe. The study also sought to ascertain the perceptions of librarians towards promoting library service in Zimbabwe in a digital environment and assess the challenges faced by librarians when promoting library and information services in Zimbabwe in a digital environment. A study was done, and the participants were drawn from academics, the public, schools, and special libraries. An online questionnaire was posted on Survey Monkey and librarians were invited to participate from the Zimbabwe Library Association social media platforms. Data was analysed thematically using the objectives of the study. It was discovered that despite facing a number of challenges when promoting library and information services, participants were using various strategies to promote their services. The authors recommend continuing professional development of librarians to effectively deliver their services in a digital environment.
Social Media and Library Collaboration
Authors: Sauti Lazarus
Published: March 2021

The use of social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp has become an integral part of everyday communication in Zimbabwe. These platforms allow libraries and librarians to work collaboratively. Anchored on the diffusion of technology theory, this chapter analyzed the availability of social media in the Ministry of Health and Child Care Library, Ministry of Environment Library, Ministry of Transport and Infrastructural Development Library, and Zimbabwe National Statistical Agency Library. The researcher interviewed six library professionals and found out that government librarians are using social media platforms to promote access to information and support freedom of information. The study noted that government libraries are still facing challenges such as lack of administrative support and lack of clear collaboration policies. These challenges are affecting collaboration initiatives. Accordingly, the researcher recommended managers to support their libraries with financial resources if government librarians are to effectively apply social media in their work areas.
Library Signage and Information Graphics
Authors: Onwuchekwa Edeama O.
Published: March 2021

Libraries are gradually becoming spaces for discovery, innovation and community empowerment by catering to the various needs of the public. To harness the unlimited resources in the library, library digital signage is the perfect tool to help transform old buildings and spaces into a place of collaboration and innovation. Since it's a content-centric solution at its core, digital signs can go beyond looping a series of pictures. It's an intelligent tool that cans tailor-fit content relative to the audience, location, time of the day and even process. This chapter will address the different roles of signages and buttress the fact that Digital signage can play a major role in this communication process in addition to demonstrating a “green” environment for library patrons. Graphic Information can be displayed to the public in meeting rooms, at the front desk, in vestibules or cafeterias/cafes. The messaging can range from programs being held at the library to public service announcements to emergency messaging and so much more. There is no limit to the information that a library signage can convey to its users.
A Transitional Shift From Traditional Library to Digital Library
Authors: Halder Dipankar
Published: March 2021

Traditional libraries were considered as the storehouse for books and available for kings and renowned personalities of the society. Later on, libraries were considered information centres, but with the emergence of ICT, the concept of traditional libraries was changed; the books were replaced by information, and now information is for use for dissemination not for preservation. Tremendous advancement in technological developments is taking place in the field of ICT, so the user demand to change according to change in technology, to meet the demand of users and the library were shifting from traditional libraries to digital libraries, electronic libraries, and virtual libraries. This chapter discusses the relationship between digital and traditional libraries. It takes a critical look at the belief that the information technology revolution has destroyed traditional libraries as well as the librarians working them.
An Extensive Discussion on Transition of Libraries
Authors: Sukula Shiva Kanaujia , Bhardwaj Raj Kumar
Published: March 2021

The library and information services have witnessed transition due to conceptual, technological and users' needs. The recent developments in the educational organizations and the users' needs have found few technological factors to consider changing trends. The chapter has discussed various aspects such as services, their composition, alterations and role in library's position in the academic community. The library staff and gradual developments have been discussed along with the infrastructural strengths in library. The facets such as educating the users through the information literacy and metaliteracy; Electronic Information Resources Collection, Building and Management and Creation of Web presence among Library Users are highlighted. Digital Information Services and waving the freshness of innovation; Creating Awareness by being among the users and enhancing learning and need of “Innovation and serving the users at individual level” have been discussed in the context of role in research support.
Cloud Computing as a Strategy for Preservation of Digital Resources in Academic Libraries in South Africa
Authors: Masenya Tlou Maggie
Published: March 2021

Academic libraries around the world have been struggling with how to preserve their intellectual output. Of all the preservation challenges facing academic libraries, none is more pressing than developing strategies for digital preservation. The chapter thus aimed at investigating the adoption of cloud computing as a strategy to preserve digital resources in academic libraries. Data collection was largely based on a critical review of literature relating to the adoption of cloud computing in academic libraries. The findings revealed that although cloud computing has been seen as one of suitable preservation strategies by many institutions, the level of its adoption is low in academic libraries in South Africa, especially in the area of preservation of digital resources. Several recommendations were also made, and among others were the enactment of preservation policies and improving technology infrastructure. The study further proposed a roadmap that will serve as a guide in the adoption of cloud computing in academic libraries.
A Theoretical Approach to the Adoption of Electronic Resource Management Systems (ERMS) in Nigerian University Libraries
Authors: Adegbore Adebayo Muritala , Quadri Monsuru Omotayo , Oyewo Oyekanmi Rasaq
Published: March 2021

This chapter discusses a theoretical approach to the adoption of electronic resource management systems in Nigeria university libraries. The nature of electronic resources calls for a special way of managing it thereby the invention and adoption of electronic resource management systems (ERMS). However, observation revealed that Nigerian libraries have yet to largely adopt it. It is therefore necessary to theoretically outline the factors promoting adoption of new technologies, in order for Nigerian libraries to take a cue. This chapter proposes a theoretical approach to the adoption of ERMS in Nigerian libraries.
Libraries and Innovative Thinking in the Digital Age
Authors: Elaturoti Abiola Bukola
Published: March 2021

Librarianship, as is quite obvious, is changing very fast with the high rate of technological infusion in every aspect of the profession. Books and other information resources that are managed by libraries and information professionals are being transformed to electronic platforms. Also, the information users are becoming more technology savvy as well as sophisticated in their information needs and the quest to satisfy these needs. Users are vast in the use of search engines, and it is like they do not need libraries and the services of librarians anymore. All these and many more developments have put great strains on libraries and librarians. This chapter therefore discusses how librarians can provide services for 21st century users through innovative thinking.
Cloud Computing, Smart Technology, and Library Automation
Authors: Martin Lavoris
Published: March 2021

As technology continues to change, the landscape of the work of librarians and libraries continue to adapt and adopt innovations that support their services. Technology also continues to be an essential tool for dissemination, retrieving, storing, and accessing the resources and information. Cloud computing is an essential component employed to carry out these tasks. The concept of cloud computing has long been a tool utilized in libraries. Many libraries use OCLC to catalog and manage resources and share resources, WorldCat, and other library applications that are cloud-based services. Cloud computing services are used in the library automation process. Using cloud-based services can streamline library services, minimize cost, and the need to have designated space for servers, software, or other hardware to perform library operations. Cloud computing systems with the library consolidate, unify, and optimize library operations such as acquisitions, cataloging, circulation, discovery, and retrieval of information.
Usage of ICT Resources in Academic Libraries With Special Reference to Engineering Colleges
Authors: Stephen G.
Published: March 2021

Academic libraries in India make use of ICT as tools to meet the information need of users who in this context are students and faculty staff. Academic libraries are established to support the objectives of their parent institutions which are to promote teaching, learning, and research. Therefore, academic libraries are expected to serve the students, lecturers, and other members of the academic community. To meet the information need of users, academic libraries provide various services such as user education (orientation/instruction services), inter-library loan/connection services, abstracting and indexing services, referral services, and circulation services. The finding of the respondents problems encountered while using ICT-based resources and services reveal the fact that, out of 732 respondents, 543 (74.18%) respondents stated too few computers with internet and 421 (57.51%) lack of subscription for more foreign journals for their main problems.
Promoting Open Educational Resources Through Library Portals in South African Universities
Authors: Mncube Lancelord Siphamandla
Published: March 2021

In the South African context, there is still a lack of development of OER, and it is not well noted if library portals are a relevant place for hosting OER. There is a significance need for further scientific investigation about the appropriate channels of hosting OER in library portals. To further investigate the problem, this study opted for website content analysis to determine if library portals within the academic libraries accommodate OER in their portals. Out of 26 Institutions, so far only three institutions have accommodated OER in their repositories. This study concludes that policymakers and academics should play a significant role in engagement in promotion of OER to higher education institutions' digital libraries. This chapter concludes that library portals should strive to keep up with international initiative of openness. This study recommend that all South African universities and their academic library portals should have a common OER TAB (space) within the institutional repository.
User Satisfaction With Library Information Resources and Services
Authors: Muthuvennila S. , Kannan P.
Published: March 2021

This chapter deals with the purpose of library resources and services stratification of users of Alagappa University. Users are the most vital component of libraries. Alagappa University Central Library provided the various types of services in RFID, Web OPAC, SMS and e-mail alerts, ETD, DLNET service, mobile-based digital services, etc. The study covers 76 scholars out of 82 questionnaires distributed. The questionnaires were distributed in 10 departments in the Faculty of Arts in Alagappa University. The statistical techniques used for the analysis of data are the frequency, cross tables, descriptive statistics. This chapter describes the use of resources and services, library services, services provided to the users, e-resources access at Alagappa University, scope and limitations of the study, and objectives for using the resources and services. Alagappa University research scholars mostly used the library resources and services.
Anti-Money Laundering in the Insurance Sector
Authors: Yıldırım İsmail , Rafay Abdul
Published: March 2021

The insurance sector mainly consists of insurance companies, insurance agencies, brokers, and reinsurers. For many years, false damages, without being linked to money, have undoubtedly been the most attractive aspect of the insurance industry. However, for quite some time, the insurance sector is also used by money launders to launder crime revenues due to the increasing volume of money transactions day by day. In order to mitigate the risk of money laundering, the insurance sector in Turkey is implementing the compliance program of Turkish Law No: 5549 on “prevention of laundering proceeds of crime.” The main components of this compliance program are the identification of the customers and reporting of suspicious transactions. It is concluded that the risk of money laundering should also be considered during damages and compensation payments, especially in life and pension companies. Policy and contract cancellations should be periodically reviewed, and the reasons for cancellations should be documented well.
Compliance Monitoring and Testing Seismometer to Detect Compliquake
Authors: Shah Sachin
Published: March 2021

Effective corporate compliance function has been the focus of all the financial institutions (FI) and the regulators across the globe in this fast-changing and dynamic business landscape. The compliance function is a key component of financial institutions' (FIs) lines of defence in terms of managing and mitigating the risks. Compliance monitoring and testing by the compliance departments can act as an effective “seismometer” in detecting the “compliquakes” in the FIs if implemented effectively. If FIs across the globe internalize this philosophy, the author opines that the overall financial services and the financial institution's ecosystem will be a much better world in terms of identification and strengthening of the compliance control framework.
A New Method for Solving Multi-Criteria Multi-Attributes Decision Making Based on the Ranking of Type-2 Fuzzy Variables
Authors: Dutta Dhiman , Sen Mausumi , Deshpande Ashok , Singha Biplab
Published: March 2021

In this paper, the authors have proposed the concept of interval type-2 triangular fuzzy variables. Then, they studied the concepts of value and ambiguity of interval type-2 triangular fuzzy variables and interval type-2 trapezoidal fuzzy variables. They introduced the concept of value and ambiguity in order to define the ranking method for the interval type-2 fuzzy variables. A comparative result of the various other ranking methods is also given in the tabular form. A multi-criteria multi-attributes decision-making problem is provided to explain the ranking method in which the evaluation ratings of the alternatives on the attributes, and the criteria weights as provided by the decision makers are expressed as linguistic terms (e.g., very high, medium, fair, and good). The multi-criteria multi-attributes decision-making problem is then worked out by applying the proposed algorithm.
On Solving Linguistic Bi-Level Programming Problem Using Dynamic Programming
Authors: Singh Vishnu Pratap
Published: March 2021

In this work, a linguistic bi-level programming problem has been developed where the functional relationship linking decision variables and the objective functions of the leader and the follower are not utterly well known to us. Because of the uncertainty in practical life decision-making situation most of the time, it is inconvenient to find the veracious relationship between the objective functions of leader, follower, and the decision variables. It is expected that the source of information which gives some command about the objective functions of leader and follower is composed by a block of fuzzy if-then rules. In order to analyze the model, a dynamic programming approach with a suitable fuzzy reasoning scheme is applied to calculate the deterministic functional relationship linking the decision variables and the objective functions of the leader as well as the follower. Thus, a bi-level programming problem is constructed from the actual fuzzy rule-based to the conventional bi-level programming problem. A numerical example has been solved to signify the computational procedure.
Control of Soap Bubble Ejection Robot Using Facial Expressions
Authors: Hasegawa Naoya , Takahashi Yoshihiko
Published: March 2021

This research has developed a soap bubble ejection robot as an amusement system that reads emotions from human facial expressions and controls the ejection of soap bubbles to improve human-robot interaction. A subject's response to soap bubble ejection is read by a built-in face recognition sensor which sends data to a control system which in turn controls the next ejection. Soap bubbles are often used to research children's emotions/emotional responses. First, evaluation experiments of the control system were performed using face photographs that show human emotions. The experimental results revealed that soap bubbles were ejected in the case of indifference, and the ejection stopped in the case of joy. Through the experimental results, it was confirmed that the control system worked properly when face photographs were used and also verified the effectiveness of the facial recognition sensor. Secondly, evaluation experiments were conducted with an actual human, and it was confirmed from the results that the control system operates as designed.
Compressive and Flexural Strength of Concrete Containing Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
Authors: Shamsudin M.M.H. , Hamid N.H. , Fauzi M.A. Mohd
Published: March 2021

This paper presents the feasibility study of adding recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) fiber obtained from drinking water bottle as admixture material in the concrete. A few numbers of tests were conducted to determine the physical and mechanical properties of recycled PET fiber reinforced concrete such as slump test, compressive strength test and flexural strength test. The effect of incorporating the recycled PET fiber on various volume fractions of concrete by 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% of weight of cement were experimentally investigated. The test specimens comprising of cubes and beams were prepared and tested at 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after curing process completed. Generally, it was found that the workability of concrete reinforced recycled PET has reduced as the volume fraction of PET fiber increased. The compressive strength of concrete reinforced recycled PET has reached the highest value at volume fraction of 0.5%. However, the flexural strength of concrete was significantly increased by incorporating 1.0% of recycled PET fiber. It can be concluded that the concrete which contains 0.5% of recycled PET fiber has the highest of average percentage of relative. Hence, it can be categorized as the optimum percentage of recycled PET fiber to be utilized in concrete. It is recommended to use recycled PET fiber in concrete for the construction of structures and infrastructures as a green construction material in order to achieve clean and sustainable environment in the year future.
A Comprehensive Review of Flexible Pavement Failures, Improvement Methods and its Disadvantages
Authors: Tasnim Sadia , Shaikh Faiz Uddin Ahmed , Sarker Prabir , Doh Shu Ing , Albtoosh Ja’far A. Aldiabat
Published: March 2021

Flexible pavement failure has been a major problem encountered in various countries. Some common distress which had been listed are cracking and rutting. The causes of this distress are due to moisture, weak sub-grades and poor construction quality. High amount of distress in the pavement however is likely to cause dis-comfort for the passengers, higher accident rate and heavy traffic. Study suggested that, flexible pavement failure can be reduce, through maintenance of the wearing course of the pavement, improving the base, sub-base layer or the sub-grade soil underneath of the pavement. However, high production or material cost, high construction cost, excessive settlement, or weak inter-molecular bonds in the flexible pavement are some of the common problem encountered with the current improvement techniques. This significance difference of this review paper compare to other is that, in this review paper it focuses on the flexible pavement failure, the different types of improvement method currently applied. Consequently, it further recommend flexible pavement improvement method through by reducing the sub-base layer thickness and inclusion of light weight material in the sub-base layer so that, the settlement of the pavement is reduced.
Numerical Study on the Effect of Defect Length upon Burst Capacity of Composite Repaired Pipe
Authors: Lim Kah Qi , Bao Chao , Mohd Sani Mohd Syahrul Hisyam , Sing Lim Kar
Published: March 2021

Pipeline system is one of the essential infrastructures in oil and gas industries as it is used to transport oil and gas over long distance. However, pipelines will undergo damages and deteriorations after being used for some years, especially when corrosion occurs. Corrosive pipes will experience reduction in wall thickness resulted a lower remaining strength of the pipe, and consequently lead to failure once the remaining strength unable to withstand the desired operating pressure of the pipe. Therefore, additional strength from repairing job needs to be provided, for instance, by using fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. Unlike the corroded pipeline assessment codes, the pipeline repair codes that are used to design composite repair system of corroded pipe do not include the defect geometries such as defect length. In this study, burst pressure of the composite repaired pipeline with different defect lengths and the effect of the defect length upon the burst capacity of composite repaired pipe are investigated. The study is carried out by finite element analysis on various defective pipes with different defect length sizes. The results show that the difference of the burst pressure subjected to various defect lengths is 15.59% and this had proved that there is effect of defect length upon the burst capacity of composite repaired pipe. This finding can be very useful for optimizing the existing repair design.
Effects of Base Isolation and Infill Panels on the Nonlinear Time History Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Building
Authors: Mohamad Halla Jasem , Mahmood Mohamad Najim
Published: March 2021

This paper presents the predicted results of nonlinear time history analysis of 11 storey (G+10) Reinforced Concrete (RC) residential building under the effects of a strong earthquake. The paper includes studying the effects of using Lead Rubber Bearings (LRB) as base isolators to improve the performance of RC building to sustain the impact of an earthquake. It also includes the effects of the infill panels on the overall dynamic response of both fixed base and base-isolated buildings subjected to a strong earthquake. The main results that are presented in this study include the variation of roof acceleration, roof displacement, base shear with time. The effects of using LRB and including the infill panels on the storey drift are also presented. Maximum reduction in the story drift was obtained when infill panels are included in the analysis of the base isolated building. The inclusion of the infill panels has only marginal effects on the variation of roof displacement with time when the building is isolated by LRB. The main important improvements that emerged from using LRB as well as the infill panels in the analysis are the reduction of inelastic energy and upgrading the elastic one that is summed up along the period of the earthquake.
Review Paper: Strength Performance of Eggshell as a Cement Replacement in Concrete
Authors: Syahida Adnan Zaidatul , Farhayu Ariffin Nur , Syed Mohsin Sharifah Maszura , Nor Hasanah Abdul Shukor Lim
Published: March 2021

The numbers of Malaysian construction industry had been increasing in several years with the large construction building and infrastructures projects had been constructed. Therefore, these developments led to an increase of cement production. The production of cement will cause wider environmental implication such are air pollution, water pollution and soil pollution which are very dangerous for human health. This is due to the manufacturing of cement that release dust, toxic and carbon dioxide emissions, which is a significant contributor of greenhouse gases. To overcome this problem, several researches had been conducted for the past few decade to find a new waste material that have same mechanical properties which can replace cement content in construction. One of the most promising materials that shows great potential is eggshell as a cement replacement. It is reported that the global egg production will increase to about 90 million tons by 2030, therefore the waste of eggshell will be increased too. This paper study the mechanical properties of eggshell as a cement replacement in concrete. Several papers had been reviewed and the results are presented in order to shows the performance of eggshell in concrete. The result shows that the concrete with less than 15% replacement of eggshell produced higher compressive and tensile strength compared to normal concrete. Moreover, the flexural strength of concrete containing eggshell up to 20% replacement shows comparable results with normal concrete. From the results, by replacing cement with eggshell up to 15% show a good performance as well as can reduce the use of cement and reduce the eggshell wasted in landfill.
Behaviour and Strengthening Methods of Tall Slender Columns in Earthquake Conditions
Authors: Chiang J.C.L. , Lim Leong Wai
Published: March 2021

Reinforced concrete buildings are normally designed and constructed with well-defined vertical column supports which are able to withstand both vertical and lateral loadings. In the case of high columns there is a risk of instability due to its slenderness caused by the higher apex ratio (measured by its height in relation to the width). This is compounded by having such buildings located at medium to high seismic risk zones, where lateral dynamic loadings can occur. This research paper focused on how such slender reinforced concrete columns will behave under earthquake loading conditions, and highlights some innovative ways to strengthen the column capacity to withstand both vertical and lateral loadings. Besides the conventional ways to provide diagonal or lateral bracings, the use of glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) as an alternative material for retrofitting tall slender reinforced concrete columns are presented here. The new method includes spraying of the GFRP onto the external surfaces of the columns and also incorporate the GFRP bars as additional reinforcement into the concrete columns. Both methods proved to improve the durability and strengthen the tall reinforced concrete column. This study shows the ability of the new method of amelioration of the slender reinforced concrete columns to increase their stability during seismic activity.
Experimental Investigation into Flexural Performance of Reinforced Profiled Steel Decking
Authors: Zubir Mohammad Amirulkhairi , Yahaya Fadzil Mat
Published: March 2021

Cold-formed profiled steel decking composite slab is one of the most widely used system of slab after conventional concrete slab for building structure. It is cost effective, straightforwardly designable and readily available in the market for construction. However due to modern architectural desire of large span building, this system weakness that is the requirement of temporary propped support may have an impact toward its cost effectiveness. Generally more propped support are required with the increase of slab span design.This paper present the result of laboratory test on the behavior of reinforced profiled steel decking under loading to increase the span for unpropped composite slabs construction. The load capacity of the steel decks was amplified by reinforcing cold formed C channel on the top flange of steel decks. The experimental program comprises 12 full-scale tests of three length with a set of modification of profiled steel decking using cold formed C channel.The result shown experimental evidence of the role played by the cold formed C channel on altering the cross section properties which supporting the bending capacity of the steel decks. The flexural response of the steel deck was examined using the LVDT instruments to capture the deformation at three points. The finding delivered by the experimental data for the performance of reinforced profiled steel decking are set as the base for the future verification of finite element model.
Properties of Concrete with Eggshell Powder and Tyre Rubber Crumb
Authors: Wei Chong Beng , Othman Rokiah , Jaya Ramadhansyah Putra , Doh Shu Ing , Li Xiao Feng , Ramli Noram Irwan
Published: March 2021

Solid waste management is one the leading problems in Malaysia. Rapid development and population growth have prompted researches to improve the recycling and reusing of waste material for sustainable development. Chicken eggshell is discarded in Malaysia as municipal waste, while waste tyre is a waste that is difficult to handle and often ends up in the landfill. This paper presents the properties of high performance concrete with eggshell powder and tyre rubber crumb as partial replacement of cement and sand. Grade 45 concrete was prepared with 5% tyre rubber crumb as sand replacement and up to 15% of eggshell powder as cement replacement. The mechanical strength of concrete was investigated for up to 90 days while durability properties were studied through water absorption and carbonation test. Results show that concrete with 5% eggshell powder is optimal for high mechanical properties, lower water absorption and low carbonation depth. X-Ray Diffraction of concrete shows increase of calcite compound which contributes to the gain of strength. Microstructure analysis with SEM and EDX provides insight of the improved performance, which is attributed to a denser C-H-S gels and finer pore structure.
Interaction of Liquid Lead Bismuth and Materials in Spallation Target
Authors: Kikuchi Kenji
Published: March 2021

Material choices for liquid lead bismuth spallation target are some of austenitic stainless steel, ferrite martensitic steel and cold-worked austenitic stainless steel. In order to ensure materials resistance to irradiation and corrosion as well as compatibility with lead bismuth, it is appropriate to lower the incident proton current density and the process temperature, in which temperature range engineering design can control to work, especially in ADS (Accelerator-Driven nuclear transmutation System) concept. The lower limit temperature is determined from the physical melting temperature and the engineering efficiency of the steam generator involved in process control. The material related issues for liquid lead bismuth are mass loss by impinging secondary flow, wettability at the device interface for ultrasonic waves application, detachable control of the slag in the flowing system, stabilized electrical resistance between the material and the liquid lead bismuth interface. Electromagnetic fluid analyses show how flow rate relates electrical resistivity of flow channel material.
The Study on Porosity Controllable Filter Material for the Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle
Authors: Ding Yong , Lu Yuan , Yun Ke , Liu Jin’e , Liang Nan
Published: March 2021

The porous ceramic filter material is the most effective filter materials in the integrated gasification combined cycle. The porous silicon nitride due to its higher mechanical strength, as well as good corrosion resistance, is considered as a promising material in the integrated gasification combined cycle, and it were prepared directly though the SiO2 and α-Si3N4 through carbothermal reduction - pressureless sintering in nitrogen. There was a great lot weight loss in this reaction, so it was expected to create the high porosity materials. The rod-like β-Si3N4 grains and uniform pores were formed through changing the content of α-Si3N4, SiO2 and C. So high-performance and porosity controlled porous silicon nitride filter material was obtained. With an increasing in the α-Si3N4 content, the weight loss, the linear shrinkage, and the porosity decreased, the flexural strength increased accordingly. The porous silicon nitride filter material with addition of 50wt% α-Si3N4 showed a higher aspect ratio β-Si3N4 grains and better mechanical properties .
Insights into the Self-Optimized Hydrophobicity of Cerium Oxide Surface under Impact Abrasive Wear
Authors: Li Zhao Qian , Wang Jie , He Teng Feng , Liu Jun Peng , Hao Dong Dong , Hou Xiang Hui
Published: March 2021

Cerium oxide (CeO2) is one of potential candidates of hydrophobic coatings servicing in harsh environments. In this letter, abraded CeO2 surface was prepared using sandblasting treatment to investigate the wetting mechanism under the condition of impact abrasive wear. The water contact angle (WCA) of the abraded surface increased from 62.8° to 93.7° after aging in ambient air for about 700 h. The hydrophobic self-optimisation mechanism of the abraded CeO2 surface is due to the hierarchical structure formed during impact abrasive wear and the surface adsorption of airborne hydrocarbon, resulting the wetting state changed from “Wenzel state” to “Cassie-Baxter State”.