bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expression of Dopamine Receptors in Immune Regulatory Cells
Authors: Arce-Sillas Asiel , Sevilla-Reyes Edgar , Álvarez-Luquín Diana Denisse , Guevara-Salinas Adrian , Boll Marie-Catherine , Pérez-Correa Citzielli Aseret , Vivas-Almazan Alma Viridiana , Rodríguez-Ortiz Ulises , Castellanos Barba Carlos , Hernandez Marisela , Fragoso Gladis , Sciutto Edda , Cárdenas Graciela , Adalid-Peralta Laura Virginia
Published: July 2019

Objective: Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients are usually treated with L-dopa and/or dopaminergic agonists, which act by binding five types of dopaminergic receptors (DRD1–DRD5). Peripheral immune cells are known to express dopamine receptors on their membrane surface, and therefore they could be directly affected by the treatment. Regulatory cells are the main modulators of inflammation, but it is not clear whether dopaminergic treatment could affect their functions. While only regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been proved to express dopamine receptors, it is not known whether other regulatory cells such as CD8regs, regulatory B cells (Bregs), tolerogenic dendritic cells, and intermediate monocytes also express them. Methods: The expression of dopamine receptors in Tregs, CD8regs, Bregs, tolerogenic dendritic cells, and intermediate monocytes was herein evaluated. cDNA from 11 PD patients and 9 control subjects was obtained and analyzed. Results: All regulatory cell populations expressed the genes coding for dopamine receptors, and this expression was further corroborated by flow cytometry. These findings may allow us to propose regulatory populations as possible targets for PD treatment. Conclusions: This study opens new paths to deepen our understanding on the effect of PD treatment on the cells of the regulatory immune response.
The Diagnostic Performance for Colorectal Neoplasms Using Magnified Endoscopy Differs between Experts and Novice Endoscopists: A Post Hoc Analysis
Authors: Inoki Kazuya , Sakamoto Taku , Takamaru Hiroyuki , Sekiguchi Masau , Yamada Masayoshi , Matsuda Takahisa , Saito Yutaka
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Magnified endoscopy is difficult for novice endoscopists because it requires both knowledge and skill of endoscopic diagnosis. The aim of this study was to examine the diagnostic performance of novice endoscopists on determining the invasive depth of colorectal neoplasms and compare it with that of experts. Methods: The present study was conducted as a post hoc analysis. Thirty expert and 30 novice endoscopists who use magnifying endoscopy (narrow-band imaging [NBI] and pit pattern analysis) were recruited for the online survey. Novice endoscopist was defined as one who has <5 years of experience in magnifying endoscopy. Three outcomes were assessed: (a) diagnostic accuracy of both novice and expert endoscopists in determining the depth of invasion; (b) additional diagnostic accuracy of novice endoscopists in determining the depth of invasion with magnifying NBI or pit pattern compared with nonmagnifying white light imaging (WLI); (c) difference in confidence on diagnosis among each modality between novice and expert endoscopists. Results: The area under the curve (AUC) of expert endoscopists was significantly higher than that of novice endoscopists. The AUC of the pit pattern was significantly higher than that of WLI regardless of lesion characteristics as determined by novice endoscopists. The proportion of answers with high confidence was significantly higher with expert endoscopists than with novice endoscopists. Conclusions: Aside from learning basic diagnosis of colorectal neoplasms, magnifying endoscopy may have substantial clinical benefit for novice endoscopists.
Diagnosis of Fetal Posterior Fossa Malformations in High-Risk Pregnancies at 12–14 Gestational Weeks by Transvaginal Ultrasound Examination
Authors: Altmann Reinhard , Schertler Caroline , Scharnreitner Iris , Arzt Wolfgang , Dertinger Susanne , Scheier Matthias
Published: July 2019

Objective: To demonstrate sonographic detectable abnormalities of the posterior fossa in fetuses with a crown-rump length of 45–84 mm in high-risk pregnancies. Methods: This was a prospective, observational study including 47 fetuses with known outcome, whose mothers attended our centers for first trimester tests and showed an abnormal first trimester ultrasound scan. In these fetuses, we examined transvaginal acquired three-dimensional volume blocks for abnormalities of the fetal posterior fossa. In these fetuses, the measurements of the cerebellar vermis (VE) and of the anterior membranous area (AMA) were compared with published reference ranges. Results: There were 8 fetuses with a ver­mian length below the 5th centile. In 5 of these fetuses, the AMA was also elongated and in 4 of these fetuses, pathology was confirmed. One case with a normal vermian length and normal AMA had a hypoplastic VE later on in the confirmatory test. Conclusion: Pathology of the posterior fossa can be directly diagnosed by assessing the VE and the AMA at the first trimester scan by examining transvaginal acquired volume blocks.
The Impact of Pre- and Post-Stroke Statin Use on Stroke Severity and Long-Term Outcomes: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Flach Clare , Elstad Maria , Muruet Walter , Wolfe Charles D.A. , Rudd Anthony G. , Douiri Abdel
Published: July 2019

Background: The benefit of statins on stroke incidence is well known. However, data on the relationship between pre- and post-stroke statin use, recurrence, and survival outcomes are limited. We aim to investigate the short- and long-term relationships between statin prescription, stroke recurrence, and survival in patients with first-ever ischemic stroke. Methods: Data were collected from the population-based South London Stroke Register for the years 1995–2015. Patients were assessed at the time of first ever stroke, 3 months, and annually thereafter. Data on vascular risk factors, treatments prescribed, sociodemographic characteristics, stroke subtype, survival, and stroke recurrence were collected. Cox proportional hazard analyses were used to assess the relationship of statin prescriptions pre- and post-stroke on stroke severity, long-term recurrence and survival. Results: Patients prescribed statins both pre- and post-stroke showed a 24% reduction in mortality (adjusted Hazard Ratio [aHR] 0.76, 0.60–0.97), those who were prescribed statins pre-stroke and then stopped post-stroke showed greater risk of mortality (aHR 1.85, 1.10–3.12) and stroke recurrence (aHR 3.25, 1.35–7.84) compared to those that were not prescribed statins at any time. No associations were observed between pre-stroke statin and severity of the initial stroke overall, though a protective effect against moderate/severe stroke (Glasgow Coma Scale ≤12) was observed in those aged 75+ years (aOR 0.70, 0.52–0.95). Conclusions: Statins play a significant role in improving the survival rates after a stroke. Adherence to the National Guidelines that promote statin treatment, primary and secondary prevention of stroke should be monitored and a focus for quality improvement programs.
Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Cortical Embolism Stroke with Magnetic Resonance Perfusion Imaging: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Yi Kenichiro , Inoue Manabu , Irie Kenichi , Mizoguchi Tadataka , Miwa Kaori , Toyoda Kazunori , Koga Masatoshi
Published: July 2019

Computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is indispensable for diagnosing acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients who are candidates for recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) therapies, but further investigation concerning appropriate selection of therapy following advanced imaging including perfusion imaging has not yet been done. The 2018 AHA guidelines have recommended not to perform excessive time-consuming imaging before rt-PA. Here we describe two cases in which reperfusion therapy was decided based on advanced imaging. The first case was a 70-year-old woman with complaints of total aphasia and right unilateral spatial neglect. Her MRI revealed no apparent high signal area in diffusion-weighted image (DWI), and her magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) showed no large vessel occlusion. Subsequent perfusion-weighted image (PWI) analysis showed a unilateral perfusion deficit in the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) region. The other case was an 88-year-old man with complaints of minor unilateral spatial neglect, right conjugate deviation of the eyes, and dysarthria. His MRI also revealed no apparent high signal area in DWI, and MRA showed slight stenosis in the right middle MCA. Subsequent PWI analysis showed a unilateral perfusion deficit in the right MCA region. In both cases, intravenous rt-PA therapy was administered after the diagnosis of AIS and the patients responded well to the reperfusion therapy. When DWI is performed too early, detecting the ischemic core and differentiating between a diagnosis of stroke and stroke mimics is sometimes difficult. Evaluation of perfusion abnormalities in acute cases can be performed quickly, as shown in these cases. Although rt-PA can be given just by non-contrast CT with no hemorrhage, advanced imaging may be an option to identify difficult-to-diagnose patients who require reperfusion therapy.
Is Blood Urea Concentration an Independent Predictor of Positive Endoscopic Findings in Presumed Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding?
Authors: Chopra Deepti , Rosenberg Morgan , Moayyedi Paul , Narula Neeraj
Published: July 2019

Background: The test characteristics of blood urea concentration in the identification of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) or high-risk endoscopic lesions have not been clearly determined. This study aimed to elucidate if urea independently correlates with the presence of positive endoscopic findings in cases of presumed UGIB and understand the diagnostic value of this parameter when assessing a patient with potential UGIB. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Hamilton Health Sciences hospitals examining patients who had upper endoscopy for presumed UGIB. Contingency tables were generated to determine the test characteristics of urea at different thresholds for prediction of UGIB. A crude OR was calculated for odds of bleeding being identified on endoscopy based on varying thresholds of urea, and adjusted ORs were calculated using logistic regression modelling. Results: Variables significantly associated with detecting a source of GI bleeding at endoscopy included increase in urea (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.09), male gender (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.08–3.77), presence of melena (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.06–5.33), and hematemesis (OR 3.88, 95% CI 1.70–8.83), when adjusted for other covariates. The odds of identifying UGIB at endoscopy in patients with urea ≥10 mmol/L was 3.73 (95% CI 1.90–7.31) times higher than for patients with urea <10 mmol/L. Conclusion: Urea level is an independent predictor of positive endoscopic findings in presumed UGIB, and urea ≥10 mmol/L may be a useful threshold to help guide clinicians towards clinically significant bleeding that could warrant early endoscopic evaluation.
Endosonographic Appearances of a Rare Duodenal Tumour, Brunner’s Gland Hamartoma
Authors: Hussain Ikram , Tan Malcolm , Veeraraghavan Meyyur Aravamudan , Wang Lai Mun , Kwek Andrew Eu Boon
Published: July 2019

Brunner’s gland hamartoma (BGH) is a rare sub-epithelial tumour of the duodenum, which may cause haemorrhagic or obstructive gastrointestinal symptoms. Their accurate histological diagnosis often remains elusive before resection. Although endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is considered an excellent modality to study lesions within the gastrointestinal wall, only a few reports have described endosonographic characteristics of BGHs. A reliable pre-resection diagnosis with EUS may not only allay fear of malignancy but may as well avert a major surgery for the patients. In this report, we present a rare case of a large BGH in a young female who presented with acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Here, the endosonographic features assuaged the concern for malignancy while aiding in complete and uneventful surgical resection of the tumour via a submucosal plane.
Long-Term Control of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Using Pazopanib
Authors: Kawahara Takashi , Takeshima Tappei , Miyoshi Yasuhide , Nakaigawa Noboru , Yao Masahiro , Tanabe Mikiko , Uemura Hiroji
Published: July 2019

COMPARZ study revealed no marked differences in terms of the progression free survival and overall survival between sunitinib and pazopanib treatment. Regarding the quality of life and early tumor shrinkage, pazopanib showed more favorable results than sunitinib treatment. A 70-year-old man underwent right nephrectomy in 2015. In 2017, iliac bone metastasis was found and consequently lung metastasis was developed. Pazopanib (200 mg × 4 tablets) was introduced. He showed no abnormal liver function markers during pazopanib treatment for more than two years and the size and number of lung metastases decreased. We herein report a case of successful control of metastatic renal cell carcinoma for more than two years using pazopanib treatment.
Stiff Person Syndrome Associated with Compartment Syndrome
Authors: Yong Kok Pin , Lo Yew Long
Published: July 2019

Stiff person syndrome (SPS) is a rare and disabling neurological disorder of autoimmune origin, characterized by progressive stiffness and muscle spasms affecting the axial and limb muscles, most frequently associated with antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase. We describe a patient who presented initially with compartment syndrome and was later diagnosed with SPS.This is the first case report of SPS possibly presenting initially with compartment syndrome. This case illustrates the importance of recognizing that patients with SPS may present with varied manifestations, including compartment syndrome, which by itself is a medical emergency.
Enduring Connections?
Authors: Sobocinska Agnieszka , Purdey Jemma
Published: July 2019

Since 2013, the Australian government has funded Australian students to undertake short periods of study abroad with an emphasis on Asia, including Indonesia. Universities, too, have been enhancing their study-abroad options as part of broader internationalization campaigns. In a short time, the number of Australian higher-education students undertaking study abroad as part of their undergraduate degrees has doubled, to one in five students. This significant investment follows from two beliefs: that Australia’s relations with Asia are significantly impacted by people-to people relations; and that formal, experiential learning is a particularly effective pedagogical method. But is this investment warranted? Do periods of short-term study in Indonesia enrich students’ understanding of the region, and of Australia’s relations with Asia? And do current undergraduates, who have unprecedented access to mobility through travel and tourism, gain anything from a formal and guided people-to-people experience? This article explores these questions through an in-depth investigation of the intensive-mode undergraduate unit ‘Australia and Asia’ run by the Faculty of Arts at Monash University from 2014 to 2017. It suggests that, for many students, study tours facilitate a short-term period of emotional involvement and self-reflection, rather than forging enduring connections.
Two new species of Glandularia (Verbenaceae) from Rio Grande do Sul and an updated key to the species occurring in Brazil
Authors: THODE VERÔNICA A. , BORDIGNON SÉRGIO AUGUSTO DE LORETO
Published: July 2019

Two species of Glandularia from Rio Grande do Sul Brazilian state are described, G. rupestris V. Thode & Bordignon and G. sessilifolia V. Thode & Bordignon. Detailed morphological descriptions, geographical distribution, evaluation of their IUCN conservation status and photographs are presented. Comparison tables with morphologically similar species occurring in Rio Grande do Sul and an identification key to the species occurring in Brazil are also provided.
A new species Agrypnus (Sabikikorius) uidoensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Elateridae) from the Sand Dune Shore of Ui-do Island, Korea
Authors: HAN TAE MAN , SIM HA SIK , LEE SEUNGHWAN , PARK HAE CHUL
Published: July 2019

A new species is described belonging to the subgenus Sabikikorius of Agrypnus, Agrypnus (Sabikikorius) uidoensis sp. nov., and isolated from the sand dunes of Ui-do Island, Korea. A key to the species is given with distributional information for each species of this subgenus. Sequencing data of the mitochondrial genes encoding COI (cytochrome c oxidase I) and 16S rDNA (16S ribosomal DNA) are also provided.
Description of the preimaginal stages of Enochrus (Hugoscottia) variegatus (Steinheil, 1869) and E. (Methydrus) vulgaris (Steinheil, 1869) (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae), with emphasis on larval morphometry and chaetotaxy
Authors: BYTTEBIER BARBARA , TORRES PATRICIA L. M.
Published: July 2019

The morphology of the preimaginal stages of Enochrus Thomson (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) is investigated. Descriptions and detailed illustrations of the egg cases, all three larval instars, and pupae of the Neotropical species E. (Hugoscottia) variegatus (Steinheil, 1869) and E. (Methydrus) vulgaris (Steinheil, 1869) are presented. The larval morphology of these species is studied on the basis of chaetotaxic and morphometric analyses of selected structures (head capsule, head appendages and legs). A key to larval instars of Enochrus is also presented. The larval instars can be separated by means of morphometry and chaetotaxy of the head capsule, cephalic appendages and legs. Several characters common to the five subgenera known as larvae are discussed. The primary chaetotaxy plan for the maxilla is updated on the basis of observations made on Enochrus larvae as well as on additional hydrophilid taxa.
Generic limits in South American stag beetles: taxa currently misplaced in Sclerostomus Burmeister (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae: Sclerostomini)
Authors: GROSSI PASCHOAL C. , PAULSEN M. J.
Published: July 2019

The genus Sclerostomus Burmeister (Lucanidae: Lucaninae) of South America is redefined and restricted to species with a complex male genital capsule. Subgenera of Sclerostomus that lack this character are elevated to generic status, including Altitatiayus Weinreich with 5 species, Chileistomus Weinreich with 1 species, and Sclerostomulus Weinreich with 2 species. These genera are redescribed, and 2 new monotypic genera are created for species of Sclerostomus that cannot be accommodated into these existing genera. The subgenus Sclerostominus Weinreich is synonymized with Sclerostomus. Three species with simple male genitalic capsules are transferred to the genus Onorelucanus Bartolozzi & Bomans, resulting in the new combinations O. boileaui (Weinreich), O. marujae (Arnaud, Noguchi, & Bomans), and O. noguchii (Arnaud & Bomans). One species is transferred to Onorelucanus from the genus Scortizus Westwood, resulting in the combination O. pulverosus (Westwood). Scortizus ismaeli Fukinuki is placed in synonymy with O. pulverosus (Westwood).
Morphology of the first zoeal stage of the partner shrimp Periclimenes amethysteus Risso, 1827 (Decapoda: Caridea: Palaemonidae: Pontoniinae) studied with the Scanning EM
Authors: GEISELBRECHT HANNES , MELZER ROLAND R.
Published: July 2019

The morphology of the first stage zoea of Periclimenes amethysteus (Risso, 1827) is described and illustrated for the first time. Larvae were obtained from an ovigerous female, caught in Cross Bay, Rovinj, Croatia. The morphological characters are compared to previous larval descriptions of other known species of the genus Periclimenes (Costa, 1844) and a combination of three features is presented, which allows the first stage zoeae of P. amethysteus to be distinguished from the other already described species. The descriptions are based on dissected larvae analysed with SEM.
Austrotinodes Schmid, a South and Central American caddisfly genus, newly recorded in Australia, with the description of new species (Trichoptera: Ecnomidae)
Authors: CARTWRIGHT DAVID I.
Published: July 2019

Descriptions, keys and a checklist are provided for males of 11 ecnomid caddisfly species, all new to Australia. Females of 4 species are also described. These are placed in the genus Austrotinodes Schmid. The new species are: Austrotinodes bibu, A. bifurcatus, A. camurus, A. doota, A. glaya, A. gorom, A. mubar, A. pandus, A. theischingeri, A. varus and A. yalga. Austrotinodes with a total of 38 species previously recorded from South and Central America and southern USA, is here recorded from Australia for the first time.
Three new species of Dikrella Oman (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) from Minas Gerais State, Brazil
Authors: COELHO LUCI BOA NOVA , NESSIMIAN JORGE LUIZ
Published: July 2019

Dikrella aculeata sp. nov., D. reticulata sp. nov. and D. spinifera sp. nov. are described and figured based on male specimens obtained from light trap collections at Mata do Paraíso, Municipality of Viçosa, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The genus Dikrella is recorded from Minas Gerais for the first time.
Redefinition of Mesoleptobasis Sjöstedt 1918 with the inclusion of Metaleptobasis cyanolineata (Wasscher 1998) comb. nov. and description of a new species, Mesoleptobasis elongata (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)
Authors: GARRISON ROSSER W. , ELLENRIEDER NATALIA VON
Published: July 2019

Metaleptobasis cyanolineata is transferred to Mesoleptobasis and a new species, Mesoleptobasis elongata, is described. The genus is diagnosed by the combination of rounded frons, highly modified pronotum with long processes at least in males, pterothoracic color pattern lacking dark mid-dorsal stripe, pretarsus with supplementary tooth vestigial or absent, vein descending from quadrangle forming an unbroken line to wing margin, and genital ligula with a small inner fold and with spine-like projections on lateral margins distal to flexure. Its species are illustrated, mapped, and keyed.
Morphology of the first instar larva in the tribe Clytrini, with two new descriptions in the subtribe Megalostomina (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae)
Authors: AGRAIN FEDERICO A. , MARVALDI ADRIANA E.
Published: July 2019

Original descriptions and illustrations of the first instar larva of Megalostomis (Heterostomis) lacordairei Lacordaire and of Coscinoptera argentina Burmeister (Clytrini: Megalostomina) are provided. Based on the available information on first instar larvae, the tribe Clytrini is diagnosed. Unique of the larvae of clytrini is the antennal sensorium dome-like. Characters in common between Clytrini, Cryptocephalini, and Chlamisini (Cryptocephalinae) are highlighted, like the body J-shaped (in association with case-bearer habits); frons, clypeus, and labrum fused; spiracles with reticulate peritreme; egg-bursters present on mesoand metathorax, each situated anterior to a very long seta and a short seta ventral to these.
Systematics of Sparganothoides Lambert and Powell, 1986 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Sparganothini)
Authors: KRUSE JAMES J. , POWELL JERRY A.
Published: July 2019

The New World genus Sparganothoides Lambert and Powell, 1986 is reviewed and revised. The genus ranges from the mid-Atlantic and southern United States through Central America to Venezuela. Greatest species richness is documented from the middle elevations of central and southern Mexico south through Costa Rica. Thirty-two species are treated, of which 23 are described as new: S. aciculana (Juchitepec, Mexico), S. amitana (Río Verde, Mexico), S. arcuatana (Mendoza, Mexico), S. audentiana (Gómez Farias, Mexico), S. broccusana (Potrerillos, Mexico), S. calthograptana (Jocala, Mexico), S. canities (Tepalcates, Mexico), S. canorisana (Coatepec, Mexico), S. capitiornata (Volcán Santa María, Guatemala), S. carycrosana (Potrerillos, Mexico), S. coloratana (Sierra Alta Tarahumara, Mexico), S. cornutana (San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Mexico), S. laderana (Iguala, Mexico), S. licrosana (Potrerillos, Mexico), S. ocrisana (Monteverde, Costa Rica), S. plemmelana (Baleu, Guatemala), S. polymitariana (Río Jaba, Costa Rica), S. probolosana (El Salto, Mexico), S. prolesana (Monteverde, Costa Rica), S. silaceana (Villa Mills, Costa Rica), S. torusana (Río Metlec, Mexico), S. umbosana (El Palmito, Mexico), and S. xenopsana (Esperanza, Mexico). One new combination, Sparganothoides teratana (Zeller), is proposed; and two species, Epagoge schausiana Walsingham and Epagoge spadicea Walsingham, formerly included in Sparganothoides, are excluded. A hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships among the species is provided, a classification based on species groups is proposed, and a key to the species based primarily on features of the male genitalia is presented. We recognize six monophyletic species groups: Hydeana Group (8 species); Teratana Group (6 species); Ocrisana Group (8 species); Lentiginosana Group (1 species); Morata Group (5 species); and Aciculana Group (4 species). Male and female genitalia are illustrated for each species where known; ten species are represented by males only. Biological and life history data are summarized based mainly on laboratory rearings from eggs produced by confined females of eight species, representing five of the six species groups.
Circumvitellatrema momota n. gen., n. sp. (Digenea: Cyclocoelidae: Cyclocoelinae) from a captive-hatched blue-crowned motmot, Momotus momota (Momotidae)
Authors: DRONEN NORMAN O. , GREINER ELLIS C. , IALEGGIO DONNA M. , NOLAN THOMAS J.
Published: July 2019

Circumvitellatrema momota n. gen., n. sp. was found in the air sacs of a captive-hatched blue-crowned motmot, Momotus momota (Momotidae), that was being maintained in quarantine at the Animal Health Center of the Philadelphia Zoo in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. This bird apparently became infected at the Audubon Zoo, New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A. where it was maintained for several years prior to being sent to the Philadelphia Zoo. In the new genus, the ovary is intertesticular, forming a triangle with the testes and the genus is assigned to Cyclocoelinae. It can be distinguished from the other 3 genera currently assigned to this subfamily (Cyclocoelum, Psophiatrema, and Selfcoelum) by having the vitelline fields confluent at both the anterior and posterior ends of the body forming a continuous loop. This new species was likely introduced into the Audubon Zoo through the importation of species of exotic birds.
Physatocheila nigrintegerrima sp. nov. from Japan: a first fruit-feeder of the genus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae)
Authors: SOUMA JUN
Published: July 2019

A new species of the lace bug genus Physatocheila Fieber, 1844 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae), is described from eastern Honshu, Japan under the name of P. nigrintegerrima. A photograph of a living individual is also given. This species is found on the fruits of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. (Rhamnaceae) and is the first documented fruit-feeder of the genus. A key to the species of the genus from Japan is provided.
An updated checklist of the herpetofauna of Querétaro, Mexico: species richness, diversity, and conservation status
Authors: CRUZ-ELIZALDE RACIEL , RAMÍREZ-BAUTISTA AURELIO , HERNÁNDEZ-SALINAS URIEL , BERRIOZABAL-ISLAS CHRISTIAN , WILSON LARRY DAVID
Published: July 2019

Mexico contains a large number of amphibian and reptile species, and the states in the southeastern part of the country are the richest and most diverse. Although the study of species richness within Mexico’s individual states has been increasing over the last two decades, herpetofaunal species lists for several states in the central region are incomplete. Herein, we provide a list of the herpetofauna of the state of Querétaro, a state that remains relatively unexplored. We also indicate the conservation status of the component species in the state, based on the national and international categorizations, as well as their Environmental Vulnerability Scores (EVS). Based on a review of literature and specimens in scientific collections, our results show that the herpetofauna of Querétaro currently is composed of 138 species, of which 34 are amphibians (27 anurans and seven caudates) and 104 are reptiles (three turtles, 34 lizards, and 67 snakes). The number of Mexican endemic species occurring in the state consists of 19 amphibians and 50 reptiles, representing 55.9% and 48.1%, respectively, of the total numbers in these groups. A total of 61 species (13 species of amphibians and 48 of reptiles) are listed in NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010, within the categories of Special Protection (Pr) and Threatened (A). According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN 2019), 34 species of amphibians (100% of species) and 87 species of reptiles (83.65% of a total of 104) have been placed within a risk category, i.e., except for the DD and NE categories. The EVS results show that nine species of amphibians have high environmental vulnerability, 11 species medium vulnerability, and 14 low vulnerability, whereas among the reptiles, 22 species have high vulnerability, 43 medium vulnerability, and 37 species low vulnerability. The herpetofauna of Querétaro illustrates a high level of species richness, which is typical of central Mexico, as well as diverse groupings associated with the arid, temperate, and tropical environments found in the state. These types of studies are necessary for increasing our knowledge of the herpetofauna in the various states of Mexico, as well as for evaluating the conservation status and implementing management plans for species in both herpetofaunal groups.
Seasonal Prediction of Midsummer Extreme Precipitation Days over Northeast China
Authors: Han Tingting , Wang Huijun , Hao Xin , Li Shangfeng
Published: July 2019

Northeast China (NEC) has sustained economic losses in recent years because of extreme precipitation events. Despite many efforts, it remains very difficult to predict these extreme events. In this study, we documented the characteristics of extreme precipitation days (EPD) over NEC and established a seasonal prediction model using a year-to-year increment (DY) approach. The results show that most of the EPD over NEC occurred during midsummer, along with large values concentrated over the Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains and Changbai Mountain. Two variables—the preceding early spring soil moisture DY over central Asia and the sea surface temperature DY in the tropical Atlantic Ocean—were used to construct the statistical model to predict the EPD DY over NEC. These two factors influenced the EPD by modulating the moisture transport over NEC. Cross-validation tests for the period from 1962 to 2016 and independent hindcasts for the period from 1997 to 2016 indicated that the two variables gave good predictions of the EPD over NEC. The observed and predicted year-to-year increments in EPD were well correlated, with a correlation coefficient of 0.65 for the period from 1962 to 2016 in the cross-validation test. In addition, the EPD DY covaried coherently with the midsummer precipitation amount DY over NEC, and those two predictors also gave good predictions for the midsummer precipitation amount over NEC. The correlation coefficient is 0.68 between the observed and predicted year-to-year increment in the amount of midsummer precipitation from 1962 to 2016 in a cross-validation test.
Revisiting the Cross-Equatorial Flows and Asian Summer Monsoon Precipitation Associated with the Maritime Continent
Authors: Zhuang Moran , Duan Anmin
Published: July 2019

This study uses an atmospheric general circulation model to examine the relative effects of Maritime Continent (MC) orography, surface roughness, and land–sea contrast on the three cross-equatorial flows (CEF) north of Australia, including the South China Sea (SCS), Celebes-Moluccas (CM), and New Guinea (NG) CEFs, and Asian monsoon precipitation during boreal summer. Four experiments are conducted: with islands, with islands without orography, with islands with ocean roughness and no orography, and with ocean only in the MC region. At the approximately 1° horizontal resolution of these sensitivity experiments, results indicate that the land–sea contrast and orography in the MC have complicated impacts on the CEFs. The land–sea contrast creates the three CEFs. The orography is dominant in deepening, concentrating, and strengthening the CM CEF and modulating the longitudinal location of the NG CEF. For the intensity and depth of the SCS and NG CEFs, the surface roughness over the flat MC and orography are both important. In addition, the MC modulates the monsoon rainfall in tropical Asia. The decreased rainfall (by roughly 57% and 21.4% over South Asia and the SCS, respectively) is dominated by the reduced moisture availability resulting from the presence of the land–sea contrast, thereby intercepting the westward propagating quasi-biweekly convection. The surface roughness over the MC is key in reducing precipitation through reducing moisture convergence over Sumatra, Borneo, and northeastern New Guinea. However, the orography controls the intense precipitation over southwestern New Guinea and the adjacent seas through enhancing the moisture transport carried by the CM and NG CEFs.
Policy transfer: the case of European Union–China cooperation in public administration reform
Authors: Zhang Yanzhe , Yu Xiao
Published: July 2019

This article addresses the Chinese government’s accelerated process of administrative reform and focuses on the decade-long effort by China to develop transfer policies with selected European nations. Providing more efficient public services and building a broad policy capacity in the face of growing internal and external challenges have prompted the Chinese government’s active engagement in this policy-oriented learning and capacity transfer. New systems of governance through international cooperation programs have been explored, and new initiatives have been adopted. This article presents a case study of the China–Europe Public Administration program, which has served as a rich source of information for government department reform in China. The China–Europe Public Administration program is a policy hub that provides various examples of policy transfer regarding public management from the European Union to China. This article expands the voluntary policy transfer network model as a heuristic approach for understanding the administration reform process, especially regarding personnel sector development in China, and suggests that policy transfer is a rational analytical framework for studying progressive administrative reform in transitional states. In addition, it is observed that policy hubs, like the China–Europe Public Administration program, have become key tools for the internationalization of neoliberal public sector reforms. In doing so, this article contributes to the burgeoning policy transfer literature, which has previously paid little attention to the situation in China.
The Menu of Electoral Manipulation in Zimbabwe: Food Handouts, Violence, Memory, and Fear – Case of Mwenezi East and Bikita West 2017 by-elections
Authors: Mwonzora Gift , Mandikwaza Edknowledge
Published: July 2019

Scholars have long been interested in investigating why and how ruling parties manipulate elections in Africa and elsewhere. Despite the importance of such a subject, much remains unknown about the role of incumbents in strategically manipulating electoral processes and outcomes in by-elections in particular. Debate rages on as to whether ruling parties rely exclusively on coercive methods or, in addition, make use of non-repressive methods. In seeking to contribute to addressing this matter, we draw upon a case study of two by-elections held in 2017 in rural constituencies in Zimbabwe, namely Bikita West and Mwenezi East. Our research involved evidence gleaned through personal observations, review of grey literature and personal reflections. Our study established that competitive authoritarian regimes as found in Zimbabwe combine both methods when manipulating by-elections. However, we show that there has been a shift away from heavy reliance on organised acts of naked political violence on the part of the ZANU-PF ruling party since the disputed 2008 elections and in the subsequent 2013 and post-2013 by-elections. Thus, there appears to be an inclination towards the use of subtle methods, including patronage, assisted voting, use of traditional leadership and appealing to the rendition of past violence. Nonetheless, even these methods impinge on the credibility of not only by-elections but also national elections in Zimbabwe.
Task-Dependent Algorithm Aversion
Authors: Castelo Noah , Bos Maarten W. , Lehmann Donald R.
Published: July 2019

Research suggests that consumers are averse to relying on algorithms to perform tasks that are typically done by humans, despite the fact that algorithms often perform better. The authors explore when and why this is true in a wide variety of domains. They find that algorithms are trusted and relied on less for tasks that seem subjective (vs. objective) in nature. However, they show that perceived task objectivity is malleable and that increasing a task’s perceived objectivity increases trust in and use of algorithms for that task. Consumers mistakenly believe that algorithms lack the abilities required to perform subjective tasks. Increasing algorithms’ perceived affective human-likeness is therefore effective at increasing the use of algorithms for subjective tasks. These findings are supported by the results of four online lab studies with over 1,400 participants and two online field studies with over 56,000 participants. The results provide insights into when and why consumers are likely to use algorithms and how marketers can increase their use when they outperform humans.
Career Calling and Job Satisfaction in Army Officers: A Multiple Mediating Model Analysis
Authors: Peng Jiaxi , Zhang Jiaxi , Zheng Lulu , Guo Hao , Miao Danmin , Fang Peng
Published: July 2019

This study focuses on the relationships of career calling to job satisfaction in army officers. The direct and indirect (via meaning in life and meaning in work) effects of career calling on job satisfaction were investigated in 355 male army officers in China. For this purpose, structural equation modeling and bootstrap method were used. Results of confirmatory factor analysis verified the latent structures of meaning in work and job satisfaction. Structural equation modeling and χ2 test indicated meaning in work and presence meaning in life partially mediated the association between career calling and job satisfaction. The bootstrap method also revealed a significant indirect path from career calling to job satisfaction through them. These findings extend previous studies and shed light on promoting job satisfaction from a positive and meaningful perspective through the effect of adaptive career calling.
Defining culturally appropriate leadership
Authors: Hibbert Richard , Hibbert Evelyn
Published: July 2019

The development of Christian leaders is a key need in much of the Global South. Research has shown that churches that have a contextualized pattern of leadership are more likely to grow and less likely to be perceived as foreign. This article describes a process that missionaries can use with local leaders to define a God-honoring, culturally appropriate pattern of Christian leadership. It does this by drawing on research on Millet Christians’ perceptions of what makes a good leader as well as literature on cross-cultural variability in leadership. Three practical steps that cross-cultural workers can take to work with local leaders to define a contextualized pattern of leadership are outlined.
Academic integrity in public administration programmes: Practical reflections on prevention and response
Authors: Newman Joshua
Published: July 2019

Academic integrity matters are relevant to all areas of university teaching, but they are of particular importance to degree programmes whose graduates intend to work in the public service. While a large body of scholarship exists on academic integrity, very little has been written that specifically relates to students who intend to pursue careers in the public sector. This article is a reflection of the author’s experience as Academic Integrity Officer in the School of Social and Policy Studies at Flinders University in Adelaide, Australia, between January 2016 and July 2017, during which time 92 cases of suspected breaches of academic integrity were reviewed and adjudicated. An analysis of the cases presented here suggests that universities can make more use of preventative strategies than they currently do, and that more emphasis should be placed on prevention and less on punishment as a response.
The Ability of Ultrasonic Backscatter Parametric Imaging to Characterize Bovine Trabecular Bone
Authors: Li Ying , Li Boyi , Li Yifang , Liu Chengcheng , Xu Feng , Zhang Rong , Ta Dean , Wang Weiqi
Published: July 2019

The ultrasonic backscatter technique holds the promise of characterizing bone density and microstructure. This paper conducts ultrasonic backscatter parametric imaging based on measurements of apparent integrated backscatter (AIB), spectral centroid shift (SCS), frequency slope of apparent backscatter (FSAB), and frequency intercept of apparent backscatter (FIAB) for representing trabecular bone mass and microstructure. We scanned 33 bovine trabecular bone samples using a 7.5 MHz focused transducer in a 20 mm × 20 mm region of interest (ROI) with a step interval of 0.05 mm. Images based on the ultrasonic backscatter parameters (i.e., AIB, SCS, FSAB, and FIAB) were constructed to compare with photographic images of the specimens as well as two-dimensional (2D) μ-CT images from approximately the same depth and location of the specimen. Similar structures and trabecular alignments can be observed among these images. Statistical analyses demonstrated that the means and standard deviations of the ultrasonic backscatter parameters exhibited significant correlations with bone density (|R| = 0.45-0.78, p < 0.01) and bone microstructure (|R| = 0.44-0.87, p < 0.001). Some bovine trabecular bone microstructure parameters were independently associated with the ultrasonic backscatter parameters (Δ R2 = 4.18%-44.45%, p < 0.05) after adjustment for bone apparent density (BAD). The results show that ultrasonic backscatter parametric imaging can provide a direct view of the trabecular microstructure and can reflect information about the density and microstructure of trabecular bone.
Long‐term Effects of Conservative Management of Vestibular Schwannoma on Dizziness, Balance, and Caloric Function
Authors: Nilsen Kathrin Skorpa , Lund‐Johansen Morten , Nordahl Stein Helge Glad , Finnkirk Monica , Goplen Frederik Kragerud
Published: July 2019

Objectives

To study the development of dizziness, caloric function, and postural sway during long‐term observation of untreated vestibular schwannoma patients.

Study Design

Retrospective review of a prospectively maintained longitudinal cohort.

Setting

Tertiary referral hospital.

Subjects and Methods

Patients with vestibular schwannoma undergoing wait‐and‐scan management were included—specifically, those who did not require treatment during a minimum radiologic follow‐up of 1 year. Baseline data and follow‐up included magnetic resonance imaging, posturography, bithermal caloric tests, and a dizziness questionnaire. Main outcomes were prevalence of moderate to severe dizziness, canal paresis, and postural instability at baseline and follow‐up, as compared with McNemar’s test.

Results

Out of 433 consecutive patients with vestibular schwannoma, 114 did not require treatment during follow‐up and were included. Median radiologic follow‐up was 10.2 years (interquartile range, 4.5 years). Age ranged from 31 to 78 years (mean, 59 years; SD, 10 years; 62% women). Median tumor volume at baseline was 139 mm3 (interquartile range, 314 mm3). This did not change during follow‐up (P =. 446). Moderate to severe dizziness was present in 27% at baseline and 19% at follow‐up (P =. 077). Postural unsteadiness was present in 17% at baseline and 21% at follow‐up (P =. 424). Canal paresis was present in 51% at baseline and 56% at follow‐up (P =. 664).

Conclusions

There was no significant change in the prevalence of dizziness, postural sway, or canal paresis during conservative management of vestibular schwannoma, while tumor volume remained unchanged. This indicates a favorable prognosis in these patients with regard to vestibular symptoms.
Does Surgical Volume and Complexity Affect Cost and Mortality in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery?
Authors: Redmann Andrew J. , Yuen Sonia N. , VonAllmen Douglas , Rothstein Adam , Tang Alice , Breen Joseph , Collar Ryan
Published: July 2019

Objectives

(1) To evaluate whether admission volume and case complexity are associated with mortality rates and (2) evaluate whether admission volume and case complexity are associated with cost per admission.

Study Design

Retrospective case series.

Setting

Tertiary academic hospital.

Subjects and Methods

The Vizient database was queried for inpatient admissions between July 2015 and March 2017 to an otolaryngology–head and neck surgery service. Data collected included admission volume, length of stay, intensive care unit (ICU) status, complication rates, case mix index (CMI), and cost data. Regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between cost, CMI, admission volume, and mortality rate.

Results

In total, 338 hospitals provided data for analysis. Mean hospital admission volume was 182 (range, 1‐1284), and mean CMI was 1.69 (range, 0.66‐6.0). A 1‐point increase in hospital average CMI was associated with a 40% increase in odds for high mortality. Admission volume was associated with lower mortality, with 1% lower odds for each additional case. A 1‐point increase in CMI produces a $4624 higher total cost per case (95% confidence interval, $4550‐$4700), and for each additional case, total cost per case increased by $6.

Conclusion

For otolaryngology inpatient services at US academic medical centers, increasing admission volume is associated with decreased mortality rates, even after controlling for CMI and complication rates. Increasing CMI levels have an anticipated correlation with higher total costs per case, but admission volume is unexpectedly associated with a significant increase in average cost per case.
Re-articulating labour in global production networks: The case of street traders in Barcelona
Authors: Alford Matthew , Kothari Uma , Pottinger Laura
Published: July 2019

The global production network approach constitutes a relational theorising of production processes, incorporating firm and non-firm actors, including the state, civil society and labour. Despite renewed attention to labour, global production network analysis focuses predominantly on formal waged work, giving insufficient attention to growing numbers of precarious workers, including self-employed and own-account workers, who are often the most vulnerable and exploited. This is symptomatic of a persistent, unhelpful dichotomy between formal and informal production practices. Consequently, the ability of precarious workers to navigate and challenge the terms of their engagement with global production networks remains little understood. This paper addresses this by examining the everyday practices of migrant street peddlers – ‘manteros’ – and their interaction with clothing and footwear global production networks as they source, produce, brand and retail products on the streets of Barcelona. We develop recent insights from labour agency and dis/articulation perspectives to conceptualise simultaneous processes of inclusion and exclusion taking place at the margins of global production networks. We reveal multiple, agentive strategies adopted by precarious, informal workers and demonstrate how, through their engagements with global production networks, they are able to re-articulate their social, economic and political marginalization. Such insights, we suggest, advance critical understandings of labour in global production network analysis and economic geography.