bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linking stellar populations to H II regions across nearby galaxies
Authors: Barnes A. T. , Chandar R. , Kreckel K. , Glover S. C. O. , Scheuermann F. , Belfiore F. , Bigiel F. , Blanc G. A. , Boquien M. , den Brok J. , Congiu E. , Chevance M. , Dale D. A. , Deger S. , Kruijssen J. M. D. , Egorov O. V. , Eibensteiner C. , Emsellem E. , Grasha K. , Groves B. , Klessen R. S. , Hannon S. , Hassani H. , Lee J. C. , Leroy A. K. , Lopez L. A. , McLeod A. F. , Pan H. , Sánchez-Blázquez P. , Schinnerer E. , Sormani M. C. , Thilker D. A. , Ubeda L. , Watkins E. J. , Williams T. G.
Published: May 2022

Context. Stellar feedback is one of the fundamental factors regulating the evolution of galaxies. However, we still do not have access to strong observational constraints on the relative importance of the different feedback mechanisms (e.g. radiation, ionised gas pressure, stellar winds) in driving H II region evolution and molecular cloud disruption. To quantify and compare the different feedback mechanisms, the size of an H II region is crucial, whereas samples of well-resolved H II regions are scarce.

Aims. We constrain the relative importance of the various feedback mechanisms from young massive star populations by resolving H II regions across the disk of the nearby star-forming galaxy NGC 1672.

Methods. We combined measurements of ionised gas nebular lines obtained by PHANGS-MUSE, with high-resolution (PSF FWHM ∼ 0.1″; ∼10 pc) imaging from Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in both the narrow-band Hα and broad-band (NUV, U, B, V, I) filters. We identified a sample of 40 isolated, compact H II regions in the HST Hα image. We measured the sizes of these H II regions, which were previously unresolved in seeing-limited ground-based observations. In addition, we identified the ionisation source(s) for each H II region from catalogues produced as part of the PHANGS-HST survey. In doing so, we were able to link young stellar populations with the properties of their surrounding H II regions.

Results. The HST observations allowed us to resolve all 40 regions, with radii between 5 and 40 pc. The H II regions investigated here are mildly dominated by thermal or wind pressure, yet their elevation above the radiation pressure is within the expected uncertainty range. We see that radiation pressure provides a substantially higher contribution to the total pressure than previously found in the literature over similar size scales. In general, we find higher pressures within more compact H II regions, which is driven by the inherent size scaling relations of each pressure term, albeit with significant scatter introduced by the variation in the stellar population properties (e.g. luminosity, mass, age, metallicity).

Conclusions. For nearby galaxies, the combination of MUSE/VLT observations with stellar population and resolved Hα observations from HST provides a promising approach that could yield the statistics required to map out how the importance of different stellar feedback mechanisms evolve over the lifetime of a H II region.
Myofibroblastic sarcoma of the oral cavity: a diagnostic dilemma and report of two cases
Authors: Ab Rahman Nurhayu , Harun Masitah Hayati , Sharif Sharifah Emilia Tuan
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Myofibroblastic sarcoma is designated as a low-grade malignancy, commonly affecting the deep soft tissue of the head and neck. Despite being classified as low-grade, myofibroblastic sarcoma with high-grade features have been reported. Observations: Two such cases affecting the oral cavity, which were diagnosed as different entities upon biopsy, were observed. Case 1 presented as multiple, well-circumscribed soft tissue swellings of the tongue and alveolar mucosa and was diagnosed as synovial sarcoma. Case 2 manifested as a large extensive osseous lesion of the maxilla and was diagnosed as an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour. Conclusion: Myofibroblastic sarcoma with high-grade features remains a diagnostic dilemma due to its overlapping features with other spectra of fibroblastic/myofibroblastic tumours and lack of consensus regarding its classification as a separate entity. Establishing the definitive diagnosis requires adequate tumour sampling and a systematic clinicopathological approach.
Collaborative bargaining solution in tandem supply chain through cooperative game theoretical approach
Authors: Arizono Ikuo , Takemoto Yasuhiko
Published: May 2022

There are many studies about negotiation procedures for contract problems in supply chains. Several recent papers have considered a new negotiation procedure for a repurchase contract problem in a supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer. There, usually, are some wholesalers between a manufacturer and a retailer. Therefore, a supply chain including some wholesalers in addition to a manufacturer and a retailer should be considered. In this study, we call the supply chain in which three or more members are arranged in series the tandem supply chain. We, firstly, address a negotiation problem for a contract about wholesale and repurchase prices in the tandem supply chain in which three members, that is, a manufacturer, a wholesaler and a retailer are arranged in series. The whole contract in the tandem supply chain is composed of two contracts dependent mutually, i.e., the contract between the manufacturer and wholesaler and the contract between the wholesaler and retailer. The collaborative bargaining solution in the tandem supply chain consisting of three members is discussed. This paper, finally, formulates the tandem supply chain including several wholesalers.
On the super connectivity of direct product of graphs
Authors: Soliemany Farnaz , Ghasemi Mohsen , Varmazyar Rezvan
Published: May 2022

A vertex-cut S is called a super vertex-cut if G − S is disconnected and it contains no isolated vertices. The super-connectivity, κ′, is the minimum cardinality over all super vertex-cuts. This article provides bounds for the super connectivity of the direct product of an arbitrary graph and the complete graph Kn. Among other results, we show that if G is a non-complete graph with girth(G) = 3 and κ′(G) = ∞, then κ′(G × Kn) ≤ min{mn − 6, m(n − 1) + 5, 5n + m − 8}, where |V(G)| = m.
Ein Polychrest aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln: Sepia
officinalis
Authors: Lucae Christian
Published: May 2022

In Hahnemanns Arzneimittellehre sind rund 120 Arzneien enthalten, darunter vorwiegend
Pflanzen und chemische Substanzen. Nur ganz wenige Arzneimittel stammen aus
tierischen Quellen, darunter Ambra grisea, Carbo animalis, Calcium
carbonicum, Cantharis vesicatoria, Moschus, Spongia
tosta, außerdem Sepia officinalis (vgl. Hahnemann: Gesamte
Arzneimittellehre, 2007).
Vom Auge zur Diagnose
Authors: Jahn Claus
Published: May 2022

Die Irisanalyse liefert keine fertigen Diagnosen, sondern erklärt durch zahlreiche Hinweise (u. a. der Individualkonstitution) mögliche Ursachen für bestehende Erkrankungen und entsprechende Dispositionen und führt somit zur passenden kausalen Therapie. Die Struktur des Irisgewebes gibt durch Zeichen wie Pigmente, Lakunen oder Radiären Informationen über den Zustand von Bindegewebe, Organen, Regulation, Nervensystem, Durchblutung sowie die Reaktionsfähigkeit des Organismus. Im vorgestellten Fall ließen sich schwere Menstruationsbeschwerden iridologisch in Zusammenhang mit einer Belastung von Schilddrüse, Ovarien und Leber setzen und somit zielgenau bis zur Beschwerdefreiheit behandeln.
An den Befund herantasten
Authors: Ahrens Tobias
Published: May 2022

Es gibt verschiedene Formen der japanischen Bauchdeckendiagnostik, die sich aus unterschiedlichen Therapiekonzepten und Strömungen entwickelt haben. Fukushin – als eine Form der japanischen Bauchdeckendiagnostik – lässt sich hinsichtlich des Ablaufs in die Abschnitte „Kontaktaufnahme“ und „Erhebung der Einzelbefunde“ unterteilen. Mithilfe von Fukushin lassen sich Befunde wie das epigastrische Unbehagen diagnostizieren, die dann direkten Einfluss auf die Therapie haben.
Pyoderma gangraenosum als diagnostische und therapeutische
interdisziplinäre Herausforderung
Authors: Michel Daniel , Dege Tassilo , Kneitz Hermann , Stumpf Marco , Goebeler Matthias , Schmieder Astrid
Published: May 2022

Das Pyoderma gangraenosum (PG) ist eine neutrophile Dermatose unklarer Genese,
die sowohl in Assoziation zu hämatologischen und neoplastischen
Systemerkrankungen, chronisch-entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen und
autoinflammatorischen Syndromen als auch idiopathisch auftreten kann. Sowohl die
Diagnosestellung wie auch die Therapie des PG stellen aufgrund seiner
Seltenheit, des Fehlens großer randomisierter kontrollierter Studien und
der unzureichend verstandenen Pathogenese eine Herausforderung in der klinischen
Praxis dar. Diese Übersichtsarbeit beschreibt und diskutiert aktuelle
Erkenntnisse, die das PG als autoinflammatorische Erkrankung beschreiben. Durch
eine Dysregulation von T-Lymphozyten und myeloiden Zellen wie den neutrophilen
Granulozyten kommt es zur Entstehung von Pusteln und
großflächigen Ulzera. Klassische Therapieansätze
umfassen eine anti-inflammatorische topische Therapie, eine Analgesie sowie die
systemische Gabe von Immunmodulantien oder -suppressiva. Neuere, bisher nicht
zugelassene Therapieoptionen sind der Einsatz von Biologika und
JAK-Inhibitoren.
4 Schritte – 1 Strategie
Authors: Molsbercer Friedrich
Published: May 2022

Das durch den Autor entwickelte Konzept „4 Schritte – 1 Strategie“ entstammt der Professional Applied Kinesiology und kann unter anderem bei Schmerzerkrankungen eingesetzt werden. Zu den zentralen Untersuchungsmethoden zählen der Ausfallschritttest zur Untersuchung der Gehmuster sowie die Prüfung des kraniosakralen Systems, der Atmung, der Störfelder und des Myofaszialen Systems. Therapeutisch kommen, wie im vorgestellten Fall, Atemgymnastik und Akupunktur zur Anwendung, aber auch Neuraltherapie und Massagen.
Die TCM-Pulsdiagnostik
Authors: Bögel-Witt Martina
Published: May 2022

Die Pulsdiagnostik gehört neben Befragen, Betrachten/Inspektion, Zungendiagnostik und Palpieren der Leitbahnen beziehungsweise Körperregionen zu den klassischen Diagnosemethoden der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin (TCM). Die Methode ist komplex, benötigt viel Erfahrung und ist in der Beurteilung recht subjektiv, ermöglicht im Gegenzug jedoch sehr differenzierte diagnostische Ergebnisse. Unterschieden werden unter anderem den TCM-Organen entsprechende Pulspositionen und Pulsqualitäten wie „schlüpfrig“, „leer“, „voll“.
Pflegepersonalbemessung reloaded
Authors: Rosenthal-Schleicher Katja
Published: May 2022

Ob PPR, PPR 2.0, PpUG oder Pepik – es ist klar, dass die Pfegepersonalbemessung auf neue Füße gestellt werden muss. Dies ist wichtig, auch um die Arbeitsbedingungen zu verbessern und ausgestiegene Pflegekräfte wieder für den Beruf zu begeistern. Doch welches ist das geeignete Instrument und wie sieht die Geschichte der Bemessung aus? Ein Überblick.
Evidence-Based and Structured Diagnosis in Breast MRI using the Kaiser Score
Authors: Baltzer Pascal Andreas Thomas , Krug Kathrin Barbara , Dietzel Matthias
Published: May 2022

Background Breast MRI is the most sensitive method for the detection of breast cancer and is an integral part of modern breast imaging. On the other hand, interpretation of breast MRI exams is considered challenging due to the complexity of the available information. Clinical decision rules that combine diagnostic criteria in an algorithm can help the radiologist to read breast MRI by supporting objective and largely experience-independent diagnosis.

Method Narrative review. In this article, the Kaiser Score (KS) as a clinical decision rule for breast MRI is introduced, its diagnostic criteria are defined, and strategies for clinical decision making using the KS are explained and discussed.

Results The KS is based on machine learning and has been independently validated by international research. It is largely independent of the examination technique that is used. It allows objective differentiation between benign and malignant contrast-enhancing breast MRI findings using diagnostic BI-RADS criteria taken from T2w and dynamic contrast-enhanced T1w images. A flowchart guides the reader in up to three steps to determine a score corresponding to the probability of malignancy that can be used to assign a BI-RADS category. Individual decision making takes the clinical context into account and is illustrated by typical scenarios.

Key Points:

Citation Format
Modified Composite Plane Facelift with Extended Neck Dissection
Authors: Cakmak Ozcan , Emre Ismet
Published: May 2022

The attenuation of retaining ligaments with aging leads to downward displacement of facial fat compartments and is responsible for many of the stigmata that occur with aging. The zygomatic cutaneous and masseteric cutaneous ligaments prevent the transmission of adequate traction to the malar portion of the dissection during traditional low superficial muscular aponeurotic system (SMAS) facelift techniques which involve plication or imbrication of the exposed surface of the SMAS because they do not include surgical release of these ligaments. Inadequate release of these ligaments, especially the zygomatic cutaneous ligament may lead to an unbalanced, unnatural appearance with unopposed nasolabial folds. In contrast, extended facelift techniques (extended SMAS, high SMAS, deep plane facelift, and composite plane facelift) involving the release of these ligaments and can reposition the ptotic malar fat and diminish the nasolabial folds. Additionally, the composite and modified composite plane facelifts include orbicularis oculi muscle elevation and can achieve a more harmonious rejuvenation. However, due to facial nerve injury risk, many facelift surgeons either inadequately release these ligamentous attachments or prefer less-invasive techniques. Modified composite plane facelift allows safe release of the zygomatic cutaneous ligament, and safe entry into the right plane leaving all malar fat pad attached to the skin. Modified composite plane facelift technique also produces combined, balanced, and harmonious rejuvenation of the midface, cheek, lower face, and neck without requiring a separate midface lift procedure or a transblepharoplasty approach. Extending the sub-SMAS/subplatysmal dissection inferior to the angle of mandible, releasing of the cervical retaining ligaments, and adding a horizontal platysma myotomy below the angle of the mandible significantly improve the cervical contouring and enhances the jawline rejuvenation. This study explains modified composite-flap facelift with extended neck dissection in a step-by-step manner and highlights anatomical details to perform a safe, effective, and successful extended face and neck lift surgery.
Israeli Innovations in the Field of Plastic Surgery
Authors: Har-Shai Lior , Ofek Sar-El , Cohen Stav , Cohen Keren H. , Yaacobi Dafna Shilo , Olshinka Asaf , Dibbs Rami P. , Ad-El Dean D.
Published: May 2022

Numerous innovations within the field of plastic surgery have been developed in Israel over the last few decades. Many of these therapeutic devices and techniques have been established globally with demonstrable efficacy and respectable safety profiles. This article offers an overview of recent Israeli cutting-edge medical therapeutic solutions contributing to the global practice of plastic surgery.
Solution of the initial-value problem of first-order nonlinear recursions with homogeneous right-hand sides
Authors: Calogero F. , Payandeh F.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we identify systems of an arbitrary number N of first-order recursions with nonlinear right-hand sides homogeneous of arbitrary degree M, which feature simple explicit solutions. A novelty of these findings is to consider systems of recursions characterized by constraints involving their parameters and/or their initial data. Simple extensions of these findings to first-order recursions with nonhomogeneous right-hand sides are also provided.
Cluster perturbation theory. VIII. First order properties for a coupled cluster state
Authors: Hillers-Bendtsen Andreas Erbs , Høyer Nicolai Machholdt , Kjeldal Frederik Ørsted , Mikkelsen Kurt V. , Olsen Jeppe , Jørgensen Poul
Published: May 2022

We have extended cluster perturbation (CP) theory to comprehend the calculation of first order properties (FOPs). We have determined CP FOP series where FOPs are determined as a first energy derivative and also where the FOPs are determined as a generalized expectation value of the external perturbation operator over the coupled cluster state and its biorthonormal multiplier state. For S(D) orbital excitation spaces, we find that the CP series for FOPs that are determined as a first derivative, in general, in second order have errors of a few percent in the singles and doubles correlation contribution relative to the targeted coupled cluster (CC) results. For a SD(T) orbital excitation space, we find that the CP series for FOPs determined as a generalized expectation value in second order have errors of about ten percent in the triples correlation contribution relative to the targeted CC results. These second order models, therefore, constitute viable alternatives for determining high quality FOPs.
Mechanical feedback controls the emergence of dynamical memory in growing tissue monolayers
Authors: Sinha Sumit , Li Xin , Das Rajsekhar , Thirumalai D.
Published: May 2022

The growth of a tissue, which depends on cell–cell interactions and biologically relevant processes such as cell division and apoptosis, is regulated by a mechanical feedback mechanism. We account for these effects in a minimal two-dimensional model in order to investigate the consequences of mechanical feedback, which is controlled by a critical pressure, pc. A cell can only grow and divide if its pressure, due to interaction with its neighbors, is less than pc. Because temperature is not a relevant variable, the cell dynamics is driven by self-generated active forces (SGAFs) that arise due to cell division. We show that even in the absence of intercellular interactions, cells undergo diffusive behavior. The SGAF-driven diffusion is indistinguishable from the well-known dynamics of a free Brownian particle at a fixed finite temperature. When intercellular interactions are taken into account, we find persistent temporal correlations in the force–force autocorrelation function (FAF) that extends over a timescale of several cell division times. The time-dependence of the FAF reveals memory effects, which increases as pc increases. The observed non-Markovian effects emerge due to the interplay of cell division and mechanical feedback and are inherently a non-equilibrium phenomenon.
Nature of chemical bond and potential barrier in an invariant energy-orbital picture
Authors: Arasaki Yasuki , Takatsuka Kazuo
Published: May 2022

Physical nature of the chemical bond and potential barrier is studied in terms of energy natural orbitals (ENOs), which are extracted from highly correlated electronic wavefunctions. ENO provides an objective one-electron picture about energy distribution in a molecule, just as the natural orbitals (NOs) represent one electron view about electronic charge distribution. ENO is invariant in the same sense as NO is, that is, ENOs converge to the exact ones as a series of approximate wavefunctions approach the exact one, no matter how the methods of approximation are adopted. Energy distribution analysis based on ENO can give novel insights about the nature of chemical bonding and formation of potential barriers, besides information based on the charge distribution alone. With ENOs extracted from full configuration interaction wavefunctions in a finite yet large enough basis set, we analyze the nature of chemical bonding of three low-lying electronic states of a hydrogen molecule, all being in different classes of the so-called covalent bond. The mechanism of energy lowering in bond formation, which gives a binding energy, is important, yet not the only concern for this small molecule. Another key notion in chemical bonding is whether a potential basin is well generated stiff enough to support a vibrational state(s) on it. Based on the virial theorem in the adiabatic approximation and in terms of the energy and force analyses with ENOs, we study the roles of the electronic kinetic energy and its nuclear derivative(s) on how they determine the curvature (or the force constant) of the potential basins. The same idea is applied to the potential barrier and, thereby, the transition states. The rate constant within the transition-state theory is formally shown to be described in terms of the electronic kinetic energy and the nuclear derivatives only. Thus, the chemical bonding and rate process are interconnected behind the scenes. Besides this aspect, we pay attention to (1) the effects of electron correlation that manifests itself not only in the orbital energy but also in the population of ENOs and (2) the role of nonadiabaticity (diabatic state mixing), resulting in double basins and a barrier on a single potential curve in bond formation. These factors differentiate a covalent bond into subclasses.
The MD17 datasets from the perspective of datasets for gas-phase “small” molecule potentials
Authors: Bowman Joel M. , Qu Chen , Conte Riccardo , Nandi Apurba , Houston Paul L. , Yu Qi
Published: May 2022

There has been great progress in developing methods for machine-learned potential energy surfaces. There have also been important assessments of these methods by comparing so-called learning curves on datasets of electronic energies and forces, notably the MD17 database. The dataset for each molecule in this database generally consists of tens of thousands of energies and forces obtained from DFT direct dynamics at 500 K. We contrast the datasets from this database for three “small” molecules, ethanol, malonaldehyde, and glycine, with datasets we have generated with specific targets for the potential energy surfaces (PESs) in mind: a rigorous calculation of the zero-point energy and wavefunction, the tunneling splitting in malonaldehyde, and, in the case of glycine, a description of all eight low-lying conformers. We found that the MD17 datasets are too limited for these targets. We also examine recent datasets for several PESs that describe small-molecule but complex chemical reactions. Finally, we introduce a new database, “QM-22,” which contains datasets of molecules ranging from 4 to 15 atoms that extend to high energies and a large span of configurations.
Finding critical points and reconstruction of electron densities on grids
Authors: Otero-de-la-Roza Alberto
Published: May 2022

The quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), developed by Bader and co-workers, is one of the most popular ways of extracting chemical insight from the results of quantum mechanical calculations. One of the basic tasks in QTAIM is to locate the critical points of the electron density and calculate various quantities (density, Laplacian, etc.) on them since these have been found to correlate with molecular properties of interest. If the electron density is given analytically, this process is relatively straightforward. However, locating the critical points is more challenging if the density is known only on a three-dimensional uniform grid. A density grid is common in periodic solids because it is the natural expression for the electron density in plane-wave calculations. In this article, we explore the reconstruction of the electron density from a grid and its use in critical point localization. The proposed reconstruction method employs polyharmonic spline interpolation combined with a smoothing function based on the promolecular density. The critical point search based on this reconstruction is accurate, trivially parallelizable, works for periodic and non-periodic systems, does not present directional lattice bias when the grid is non-orthogonal, and locates all critical points of the underlying electron density in all tests studied. The proposed method also provides an accurate reconstruction of the electron density over the space spanned by the grid, which may be useful in other contexts besides critical point localization.
A unified description for polarization-transfer mechanisms in magnetic resonance in static solids: Cross polarization and DNP
Authors: Pang Zhenfeng , Jain Sheetal , Yang Chen , Kong Xueqian , Tan Kong Ooi
Published: May 2022

Polarization transfers are crucial building blocks in magnetic resonance experiments, i.e., they can be used to polarize insensitive nuclei and correlate nuclear spins in multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The polarization can be transferred either across different nuclear spin species or from electron spins to the relatively low-polarized nuclear spins. The former route occurring in solid-state NMR can be performed via cross polarization (CP), while the latter route is known as dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). Despite having different operating conditions, we opinionate that both mechanisms are theoretically similar processes in ideal conditions, i.e., the electron is merely another spin-1/2 particle with a much higher gyromagnetic ratio. Here, we show that the CP and DNP processes can be described using a unified theory based on average Hamiltonian theory combined with fictitious operators. The intuitive and unified approach has allowed new insights into the cross-effect DNP mechanism, leading to better design of DNP polarizing agents and extending the applications beyond just hyperpolarization. We explore the possibility of exploiting theoretically predicted DNP transients for electron–nucleus distance measurements—such as routine dipolar-recoupling experiments in solid-state NMR.
Observation of the surface layer of lithium metal using in situ spectroscopy
Authors: Seo Ambrose , Meyer Andrew , Shrestha Sujan , Wang Ming , Xiao Xingcheng , Cheng Yang-Tse
Published: May 2022

We have investigated the surface of lithium metal using x-ray photoemission spectroscopy and optical spectroscopic ellipsometry. Even if we prepare the surface of lithium metal rigorously by chemical cleaning and mechanical polishing inside a glovebox, both spectroscopic investigations show the existence of a few tens of nanometer-thick surface layers, consisting of lithium oxides and lithium carbonates. When lithium metal is exposed to room air (∼50% moisture), in situ real-time monitoring of optical spectra indicates that the surface layer grows at a rate of approximately 24 nm/min, presumably driven by an interface-controlled process. Our results hint that surface-layer-free lithium metals are formidable to achieve by a simple cleaning/polishing method, suggesting that the initial interface between lithium metal electrodes and solid-state electrolytes in fabricated lithium metal batteries can differ from an ideal lithium/electrolyte contact.
Unsteady dynamics in a subsonic duct flow with a bluff body
Authors: George Luckachan K. , Karthick S. K. , Srikrishnan A. R. , Kannan R.
Published: May 2022

A series of reduced-order numerical simulations on a specific bluff body type (v-gutters) in a subsonic duct flow is performed to assess the unsteady wake dynamics. Two of the v-gutter's geometrical parameters are varied: the v-gutter's base angle (θ) and the size of a slit (ξ) at the leading-edge of the v-gutter. Turbulent flow kinematics and pressure field are analyzed to evaluate the unsteadiness at a freestream Mach number of M∞=0.25 and a freestream Reynolds number based on bluff body's transverse length (L = 17.8 mm) of ReL=0.1×106. Five v-gutter angles are considered (θ, rad=π/6,π/4,π/3,5π/12,π/2) and three slit sizes (ξ, mm =0,0.25,0.5) are considered only for a particular θ=[π/6]. In general, high fluctuations in velocity and pressure are seen for the bluffest body in consideration (θ=π/2) with higher drag (cd) and total pressure loss (Δp0). However, bluffer bodies produce periodic shedding structures that promote flow mixing. On the other hand, the presence of a slit on a streamlined body (θ=π/6) tends to efficiently stabilize the wake and thus producing almost a periodic shedding structure with lower cd and Δp0. For θ=[π/6], broadened spectra in vortex shedding are seen with a peak at [fL/u∞]∼0.08. For θ≥[π/4], a dominant discrete shedding frequency is seen with a gradual spectral decay. Similarly, the effects of ξ on the θ=[π/6] case produce a discrete shedding frequency instead of a broadened one, as seen in the cases of θ≥[π/4]. The shedding frequency increases to a maximum of [fL/u∞]∼0.26 for the maximum slit size of ξ=0.5 mm. From the analysis of the x–t diagram and the modal analysis of vorticity and velocity magnitude in the wake, the peaks are indeed found to agree with the spectral analysis. More insights on the shedding vortices, momentum deficit in the wake, varying energy contents in the flow field, and the dominant spatiotemporal structures are also provided.
It is time to stop blaming the pandemic
Authors: Ranmuthugala Geetha
Published: May 2022

What is known about the topic? Avoidable adverse events are often being attributed to health workforce shortages associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and government funding cuts. What does this paper add? Health workforce shortages were predicted well before the COVID-19 pandemic. What are the implications for practitioners? Senior executives and leaders should unitedly take action to influence change in funding and models of care.
Experiences of adults with adult-onset type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Berkovic Danielle , Fransquet Rebecca , Soh Sze-Ee , Ayton Darshini
Published: May 2022

Background Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic, autoimmune disease where the pancreas does not produce enough insulin. T1D requires ongoing management across the lifespan through insulin regulation, monitoring of blood glucose levels, and adherence to strict diet and exercise plans. The most recent National Diabetes Services Scheme Australian Diabetes Map indicates that 129 210 Australians currently have T1D. Traditionally considered a childhood disease, more than half of all T1D diagnoses actually occur in adults aged >20 years. The aim of this study was to examine the experiences of individuals living with adult-onset T1D in relation to their diagnosis experience, access to health care, and post-diagnostic wellbeing. Methods An exploratory, cross-sectional study was undertaken. Participants completed an online survey delivered via Qualtrics detailing their experiences with adult-onset T1D. The survey contained four domains: (1) demographic information; (2) diagnosis experience; (3) access to care; and (4) post-diagnostic wellbeing, including the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); and the Diabetes Distress Scale (T1-DDS). Data analysis was conducted using STATA SE (v16). Descriptive statistics (means, counts) were used to describe continuous data, and frequencies and odds ratios were used to describe categorical data. Results One hundred and twenty adults (mean age 49 years; 78% female) with adult-onset T1D (mean age at diagnosis 37 years) completed the survey. The most common symptoms prior to diagnosis were excess thirst, fatigue, frequent urination, and unintended weight loss. Half (50%) the sample received their T1D diagnosis from a general practitioner (GP). Several participants reported being misdiagnosed by their GP initially, representing an unadjusted odds ratio of 3.1 (95% CI 1.5, 6.2). Nearly half of all participants presented with anxiety (mean 7 (s.d. 4)) on the HADS, and most reported moderate levels of diabetes-related distress according to the T1-DDS. Conclusions These findings provide a starting point to understanding the experiences of adults living with adult-onset T1D and can be used to raise awareness of their challenges and needs. These exploratory findings can also be used to inform a larger, population-based study.
Seasonal and daily activity of non-native sambar deer in and around high-elevation peatlands, south-eastern Australia
Authors: Comte Sebastien , Thomas Elaine , Bengsen Andrew J. , Bennett Ami , Davis Naomi E. , Freney Sean , Jackson Stephen M. , White Matt , Forsyth David M. , Brown Daniel
Published: May 2022

Context Of the six species of non-native deer present in Australia, the sambar deer is the largest and has been identified as a major threat to high-elevation peatlands in south-eastern Australia. However, little is known about sambar deer activity in high-elevation peatlands. Aims The aims of this study were to quantify sambar deer activity (including wallowing) seasonally and daily in response to biotic and abiotic variables, and how activity was impacted by ground-based shooting. Methods To estimate sambar deer activity, camera traps were continuously deployed for 4 years in two ~4300-ha areas in Alpine National Park, Victoria, south-eastern Australia. One area was subject to management operations using ground-based shooting to target deer and the other was not. Monthly activity of sambar deer was modelled using biotic (woody vegetation cover), abiotic (snow depth, aspect, slope, distance to water, road and peatland) and management (treatment versus non-treatment) covariates. Additional camera traps were deployed to monitor sambar deer activity at wallows. Key results Sambar deer activity decreased when snow depth increased (between July and September), and was highest in easterly and northerly aspects with dense woody vegetation close to high-elevation peatlands and roads. During our 4-year study, sambar deer activity decreased in the treatment area but increased in the non-treatment area. Sambar deer exhibited a crepuscular diel cycle, with greatest activity around sunset. Only male sambar deer were observed to wallow, with most wallowing occurring in the afternoon during October–June. Conclusions Sambar deer utilised high-elevation peatlands during October–June. Daily activity was crepuscular and was greatest in dense tree cover close to roads. Ground-based shooting reduced sambar deer activity in and around high-elevation peatlands. Implications Control operations targeting sambar deer at high elevations in south-eastern Australia should be conducted during October–June. Outside this period sambar deer appear to use lower-elevation habitats. The effectiveness of ground-based shooting could be improved by focusing this control action around sunset (when sambar deer are most active) and in places with dense vegetation close to roads and high-elevation peatlands.
Generation of dynamic three-dimensional genome structure through phase separation of chromatin
Authors: Fujishiro Shin , Sasai Masaki
Published: May 2022

Significance

DNA functions in living cells are crucially affected by the three-dimensional genome structure and dynamics. We analyze the whole genome of human cells by developing a polymer model of interphase nuclei. The model reveals the essential importance of the unfolding process of chromosomes from the condensed mitotic state for describing the interphase nuclei; through the unfolding process, heterogeneous repulsive interactions among chromatin chains induce phase separation of chromatin, which quantitatively explains the experimentally observed various genomic data. We can use this model structure as a platform to analyze the relationship among genome structure, dynamics, and functions.
Attitudes, Self-Efficacy, and Practices Related to Opioid Risk Assessment and Mitigation: A Comparison of Health Care Professionals in Rural Communities
Authors: Baylis Jacob D. , Charron Elizabeth , Archer Shayla , Garets Mitchell , Bryan M. Aryana , Foringer Jacob , Kelley A. Taylor , Smid Marcela C. , Cochran Gerald
Published: May 2022

Background: Health care professionals (HCPs) play an important role in opioid misuse and opioid use disorder (OUD) screening/identification, mitigation, and referral to treatment. This study compared attitudes, self-efficacy, and practices related to opioid risk assessment and mitigation among pregnancy and non-pregnancy HCPs in rural communities. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of cross-sectional, self-report survey data of HCPs in two rural counties in southern Utah. Pregnancy HCPs were identified by a question asking whether they provide care to pregnant patients. HCPs’ attitudes toward their patients with opioid misuse/OUD were measured using the Survey of Attitudes and Perceptions questionnaire. Self-efficacy and practices related to opioid risk assessment and mitigation were captured with questions asking about assessment and screening of opioid use, advisement to change opioid use behavior, and referral to treatment for OUD. We used linear regression analyses to estimate associations between HCPs’ attitudes toward patients with opioid misuse/OUD and their self-efficacy and use of opioid risk assessment and mitigation practices. Results: This sample included a total of 132 HCPs, including 82 pregnancy HCPs and 50 non-pregnancy HCPs. Attitudes domains were similar among pregnancy and non-pregnancy HCPs. Among pregnancy HCPs, role adequacy ( β = .48, 95% CI = .16–.80), role legitimacy ( β = .72, 95% CI = .21–1.22), motivation ( β = .68, 95% CI = .14–1.21), and positive task-specific self-esteem ( β = 1.52, 95% CI = .70–2.35) were positively associated with more frequent use of opioid risk assessment and mitigation practices, while attitudes were not associated with these practices among non-pregnancy HCPs. Conclusions: Training initiatives that lead to improved HCP attitudes could improve opioid care management among rural pregnancy HCPs. More research is needed to determine approaches to increase the use of opioid risk assessment and mitigation practices among rural non-pregnancy HCPs.
The surprising difficulty of “simple” equilibrium binding measurements on ligand-gated ion channels
Authors: Middendorf Thomas R. , Goldschen-Ohm Marcel P.
Published: May 2022

Godellas and Grosman revisit equilibrium binding assays to shed new light on pentameric ligand-gated ion channels.
Discrete nonlinear Fourier transforms and their inverses
Authors: Saksida Pavle
Published: May 2022

We study two discretisations of the nonlinear Fourier transform of AKNS–ZS type,

F

E

and

F

D

. Transformation

F

D

is suitable for studying the distributions of the form

u
=

∑

n
=
1

N

u

n

δ

x

n

, where

δ

x

n

are delta functions. The poles x

n
are not equidistant. The central result of the paper is the construction of recursive algorithms for inverses of these two transformations. The algorithm for

(

F

D

)

−
1

is numerically more demanding than that for

(

F

E

)

−
1

. We describe an important symmetry property of

F

D

. It enables the reduction of the nonlinear Fourier analysis of the constant mass distributions

u
=

∑

n
=
1

N

u

c

δ

x

n

for the numerically more efficient

F

E

and its inverse.
Fault diagnosis of rotating machinery in a noisy environment based on modified general normalized sparse filtering
Authors: Guo Lei , Wang Jinrui , Wang Shan , Han Baokun , Zhang Xiao , Yan Zhenhao , Jia Meixia
Published: May 2022

Intelligent fault diagnosis for mechanical condition monitoring has achieved a great deal of success in recent years, but most of the research is carried out in experimental environments. Vibration signals collected in real scenarios usually have strong noise interference, which significantly reduces fault classification capability and seriously affects the accuracy and robustness of classification. This paper proposes modified general normalized sparse filtering (MGNSF) with strong noise adaptability for rotating machinery fault diagnosis without any time-consuming denoising preprocessing, in which generalized normalization, weight and feature normalization, and the Hankel matrix. Diagnostic performance is studied with the change of normalization parameters and signal noise ratio. Weight and feature normalization can improve the distribution between features. The proposed algorithm is validated using two rolling bearing datasets. The experimental results show that MGNSF can extract the features of a faulty bearing under stronger noise interference and has strong noise adaptability.
Study on the aggregate motion for gas–liquid–solid agitated tank reactors design using radioactive particle tracking
Authors: Salierno Gabriel , Maestri Mauricio , Fraguío María Sol , Picabea Julia , Cassanello Miryan , De Blasio Cataldo , Cardona María Angélica , Hojman Daniel , Somacal Héctor
Published: May 2022

This work provides a detailed study on the agitation rate influence on the solid motion within a pilot-scale slurry tank containing nickel oxide particle agglomerates suspended in iso-octane by the action of an axial impeller and slight bubbling nitrogen gas. The behaviour of a tracer particle representing solid aggregates is determined from radioactive particle tracking measurements with a spatial accuracy of ∼2 mm. An increase in the overall space occupied by the tracer is observed with increasing stirring speed. The instantaneous velocities, calculated by time differentiation of successive tracer positions, are significantly higher than the dynamic error. A measure based on the Reynolds stress as the turbulence level estimator is reliably mapped in three dimensions from the ensemble-averaged correlation matrix of the Lagrangian tracer velocity, enabling studying the influence of agitation on the turbulence levels distribution. This study offers an improved understanding of three-phase stirred reactors, which efficiencies are heavily coupled to complex fluid mechanics, especially in a turbulent flow. The axisymmetry is broken due to the presence of baffles. Incrementing the agitation intensity reduces the axial coherence of the thrust on the solid phase, raising turbulence levels, especially nearby the impeller tip.
Excited state lifetime modulation in semiconductor nanocrystals for super-resolution imaging
Authors: Ghosh Subhabrata , Hollingsworth Jennifer A , Gallea Jose Ignacio , Majumder Somak , Enderlein Jörg , Chizhik Alexey I
Published: May 2022

We report on proof of principle measurements of a concept for a super-resolution imaging method that is based on excitation field density-dependent lifetime modulation of semiconductor nanocrystals. The prerequisite of the technique is access to semiconductor nanocrystals with emission lifetimes that depend on the excitation intensity. Experimentally, the method requires a confocal microscope with fluorescence-lifetime measurement capability that makes it easily accessible to a broad optical imaging community. We demonstrate with single particle imaging that the method allows one to achieve a spatial resolution of the order of several tens of nanometers at moderate fluorescence excitation intensity.
Enhanced interfacial charge transfer on strain-induced 2D-1D/MoS2-TiO2 heterostructures for electrochemical and photocatalytic applications
Authors: Bamola Priyanka , Rawat Saurabh , Tanwar Manushree , Sharma Mohit , Dwivedi Charu , Kumar Rajesh , Sharma Himani
Published: May 2022

Two-dimensional (2D)/one dimensionsal (1D)-MoS2/TiO2 heterostructures have proven to be potent for photocatalytic applications. Enhancement of a heterostructure’s photocatalytic activity may be influenced by the accumulation of strain at the interface, which affects the interfacial interaction. Keeping this in mind, the present paper reports strain-accumulated interfacial modification of 2D/1D-MoS2/TiO2 heterostructures for the enhancement of photocatalytic activity. Two different synthesis methods, namely the hydrothermal and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods, are used for the growth of MoS2 on TiO2 nanostructures. Micro-Raman spectroscopy reveals that strain is accumulated at the interface of the growth of the MoS2 over the TiO2 nanostructures. It is further revealed that the MoS2/TiO2 heterostructure synthesized by the CVD method induces compressive strain. Also, the heterostructure synthesized by the hydrothermal method induces tensile strain that modifies the charge separation at the interface, which is further confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Moreover, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) reveals upward band-bending in the MoS2/TiO2 heterostructure synthesized by the hydrothermal method. Similarly, the heterostructure synthesized by the CVD method shows downward band-bending that leads to improved charge separation at the interface. The modified interfaces of the heterostructures are further studied for electrochemical measurements using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and photocatalytic activity by degradation of a model compound.
A flexible tactile sensor that uses polyimide/graphene oxide nanofiber as dielectric membrane for vertical and lateral force detection
Authors: Wu Dezhi , Cheng Xianshu , Chen Zhuo , Xu Zhenjin , Zhu Minjie , Zhao Yang , Zhu Rui , Lin Liwei
Published: May 2022

Flexible force sensors are of great interest in the fields of healthcare, physiological signals, and aircraft smart skin applications because of their compatibility with curved surfaces. However, the simultaneous detection of multidirectional forces remains an engineering challenge, despite the great progress made in recent years. Herein, we present the development of a flexible capacitive force sensor capable of efficiently distinguishing normal and sliding shear forces. A two-layer electrospun polyimide/graphene oxide (PI/GO) nanofiber membrane is used as the dielectric layer, which is sandwiched between one top electrode and four symmetrically distributed bottom electrodes. This composite membrane has an improved dielectric constant, a reduced friction coefficient, and good compressibility, leading to superior performance that includes high sensitivity over a wide operational range with measured results of 3 MPa−1 for 0–242 kPa (0–2.2 N) and 0.92 MPa−1 for 242–550 kPa (2.2–5 N) in the normal direction; and better than 1 N−1 for 0–3 N in the x- and y-axis directions. The system also has a low detection limit of 10 Pa, fast response and recovery times of 39 ms and 13 ms, respectively, a good cyclic stability of 10,000 cycles at a pressure of 176 kPa, and promising potential for use in high-temperature environments (200 °C). Moreover, a prototype 4 × 4 sensor array has been fabricated and successfully used in a robotic system to grasp objects and operate a wireless toy car. As such, the proposed system could offer superior capabilities in simultaneous multidirectional force sensing for applications such as intelligent robots, human–machine interaction, and smart skin.
Simulation study on 3D convolutional neural networks for time-of-flight prediction in monolithic PET detectors using digitized waveforms
Authors: Maebe Jens , Vandenberghe Stefaan
Published: May 2022

Objective. We investigate the use of 3D convolutional neural networks for gamma arrival time estimation in monolithic scintillation detectors. Approach. The required data is obtained by Monte Carlo simulation in GATE v8.2, based on a 50 × 50 × 16 mm3 monolithic LYSO crystal coupled to an 8 × 8 readout array of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). The electronic signals are simulated as a sum of bi-exponentional functions centered around the scintillation photon detection times. We include various effects of statistical fluctuations present in non-ideal SiPMs, such as dark counts and limited photon detection efficiency. The data was simulated for two distinct overvoltages of the SensL J-Series 60 035 SiPMs, in order to test the effects of different SiPM parameters. The neural network uses the array of detector waveforms, digitized at 10 GS s−1, to predict the time at which the gamma arrived at the crystal. Main results. Best results were achieved for an overvoltage of +6 V, at which point the SiPM reaches its optimal photon detection efficiency, resulting in a coincidence time resolution (CTR) of 141 ps full width at half maximum (FWHM). It is a 26% improvement compared to a simple averaging of the first few SiPM timestamps obtained by leading edge discrimination, which in comparison produced a CTR of 177 ps FWHM. In addition, better detector uniformity was achieved, although some degradation near the corners did remain. Significance. These improvements in time resolution can lead to higher signal-to-noise ratios in time-of-flight positron emission tomography, ultimately resulting in better diagnostic capabilities.