bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stroke Outcomes in the COMPASS Trial
Authors: Sharma Mukul , Hart Robert G. , Connolly Stuart J. , Bosch Jackie , Shestakovska Olga , Ng Kelvin K.H. , Catanese Luciana , Keltai Katalin , Aboyans Victor , Alings Marco , Ha Jong-Won , Varigos John , Tonkin Andrew , O’Donnell Martin , Bhatt Deepak L. , Fox Keith , Maggioni Aldo , Berkowitz Scott D. , Bruns Nancy Cook , Yusuf Salim , Eikelboom John W.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Strokes were significantly reduced by the combination of rivaroxaban plus aspirin in comparison with aspirin in the COMPASS trial (Cardiovascular Outcomes for People Using Anticoagulation Strategies). We present detailed analyses of stroke by type, predictors, and antithrombotic effects in key subgroups.

Methods:

Participants had stable coronary artery or peripheral artery disease and were randomly assigned to receive aspirin 100 mg once daily (n=9126), rivaroxaban 5 mg twice daily (n=9117), or rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice daily plus aspirin (n=9152). Patients who required anticoagulation or had a stroke within 1 month, previous lacunar stroke, or intracerebral hemorrhage were excluded.

Results:

During a mean follow-up of 23 months, fewer patients had strokes in the rivaroxaban plus aspirin group than in the aspirin group (83 [0.9% per year] versus 142 [1.6% per year]; hazard ratio [HR], 0.58; 95% CI, 0.44–0.76;
P
<0.0001). Ischemic/uncertain strokes were reduced by nearly half (68 [0.7% per year] versus 132 [1.4% per year]; HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.38–0.68;
P
<0.0001) by the combination in comparison with aspirin. No significant difference was noted in the occurrence of stroke in the rivaroxaban alone group in comparison with aspirin: annualized rate of 0.7% (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.65–1.05). The occurrence of fatal and disabling stroke (modified Rankin Scale, 3–6) was decreased by the combination (32 [0.3% per year] versus 55 [0.6% per year]; HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.37–0.89;
P
=0.01). Independent predictors of stroke were prior stroke, hypertension, systolic blood pressure at baseline, age, diabetes mellitus, and Asian ethnicity. Prior stroke was the strongest predictor of incident stroke (HR, 3.63; 95% CI, 2.65–4.97;
P
<0.0001) and was associated with a 3.4% per year rate of stroke recurrence on aspirin. The effect of the combination in comparison with aspirin was consistent across subgroups with high stroke risk, including those with prior stroke.

Conclusions:

Low-dose rivaroxaban plus aspirin is an important new antithrombotic option for primary and secondary stroke prevention in patients with clinical atherosclerosis.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01776424.
Systemic Inflammation and Cardio-Renal Organ Damage Biomarkers in Middle Age Are Associated With Physical Capability Up to 9 Years Later
Authors: Kuh Diana , Cooper Rachel , Sattar Naveed , Welsh Paul , Hardy Rebecca , Ben-Shlomo Yoav
Published: January 2019

Background:

Physical capability, a key component of healthy aging, is associated with cardiovascular and other risk factors across life. We investigated whether midlife biomarkers of heart and kidney damage capturing the cumulative impact of long-term adverse exposures were associated with the level and decline in physical capability over 9 years of follow-up, taking account of systemic inflammatory biomarkers and conventional cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods:

We used data on 1736 men and women from the oldest British birth cohort study with walking speed, chair rise speed, balance time, and grip strength assessed at ages 60 to 64 and 69 years. We tested associations between logged and standardized measures of cystatin C, NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide), interleukin (IL)-6, and E-selectin at age 60 to 64 years with performance at age 69 years, adjusting for sex, height, and body mass index; then for performance at age 60 to 64 years. These biomarkers were mutually adjusted, and additionally adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors (pulse pressure, total/high density lipoprotein cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin), diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular and kidney disease, smoking status, and lifetime socioeconomic position.

Results:

Cystatin C, NT-proBNP, and IL-6 (but not E-selectin) were inversely associated with all outcomes, adjusted for sex, height, and body mass index. For example, a 1-SD increase in logged NT-proBNP was associated with weaker grip (−0.63 kg, 95% CI, −0.99 to −0.28); the equivalent association for cystatin C was −0.60 kg (95% CI, −0.94 to −0.25) and for IL-6 was −0.76 kg (95% CI, −1.11 to −0.41). Most associations remained, albeit attenuated, after adjustment for previous performance and mutual adjustment of the biomarkers. NT-proBNP and IL-6 (but not cystatin C) were more strongly associated with the outcomes than many of the conventional risk factors after mutual adjustment.

Conclusions:

Higher levels of NT-proBNP may identify those in midlife at risk of accelerated physical decline. Before considering the use of NT-proBNP for risk stratification, further research should untangle whether these associations exist because the biomarker is an integrated measure of cumulative exposures to relevant stressors across life, or whether it is marking additional risk pathways. Randomized trials to reduce the rate of decline in physical capability or delay incident disability could benefit from including middle-aged adults and adding NT-proBNP and IL-6 as intermediate outcomes.
Adversarial Deep Averaging Networks for Cross-Lingual Sentiment Classification
Authors: Chen Xilun , Sun Yu , Athiwaratkun Ben , Cardie Claire , Weinberger Kilian
Published: January 2019

In recent years great success has been achieved in sentiment classification for English, thanks in part to the availability of copious annotated resources. Unfortunately, most languages do not enjoy such an abundance of labeled data. To tackle the sentiment classification problem in low-resource languages without adequate annotated data, we propose an Adversarial Deep Averaging Network (ADAN 1 ) to transfer the knowledge learned from labeled data on a resource-rich source language to low-resource languages where only unlabeled data exist. ADAN has two discriminative branches: a sentiment classifier and an adversarial language discriminator. Both branches take input from a shared feature extractor to learn hidden representations that are simultaneously indicative for the classification task and invariant across languages. Experiments on Chinese and Arabic sentiment classification demonstrate that ADAN significantly outperforms state-of-the-art systems.
Revision of the New World Dohrniphora Dahl species lacking large hind tibial setae (Diptera: Phoridae)
Authors: BROWN BRIAN V. , KUNG GIAR-ANN
Published: January 2019

The New World species of Dohrniphora lacking large hind tibial setae are revised, with 139 species recognized, most from the Neotropical Region. Of these, 88 are described as new to science. New synonymies are as follows: D. denticulata Borgmeier is a junior subjective synonym of D. penicillata Borgmeier, D. caverna Disney and D. recurvata Borgmeier are both junior subjective synonyms of D. divaricata (Aldrich), and D. ventralis Borgmeier & Prado is a junior subjective synonyms of D. cognata Borgmeier.
Taxonomic review of the genus Osbornellus Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Central America
Authors: DOMÍNGUEZ EDWIN , GODOY CAROLINA
Published: January 2019

A taxonomic review of the genus Osbornellus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Costa Rica revealed the presence of 48 species, of which 37 are described as new and six are new records for the country. A key for the identification of Osbornellus species of Costa Rica is provided. Osbornellus lacunis DeLong and Martinson is synonymized with Osbornellus blantoni Linnavuori and Osbornellus separatus DeLong is synonymized with Osbornellus pallidus.
Crab spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Thomisidae)
Authors: TANG GUO , LI SHUQIANG
Published: January 2019

The crab spiders (Araneae: Thomisidae) collected from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China are studied. A total of 34 genera and 62 species are reported, including 2 new genera and 23 new species: Micromisumenops gen. nov. of the tribe Misumenini Simon, 1895 (type species Misumenops xiushanensis Song and Chai, 1990), Spilosynema gen. nov. of the tribe Talaini Simon, 1895 (type species S. ansatum sp. nov.); Heriaeus concavus sp. nov., H. convexus sp. nov., Indoxysticus lumbricus sp. nov., Lycopus cha sp. nov., L. tabulatus sp. nov., Massuria bandian sp. nov., M. ovalis sp. nov., Mastira serrula sp. nov., Ozyptila imbrex sp. nov., Paraborboropactus canalis sp. nov., Phrynarachne brevis sp. nov., P. lancea sp. nov., Pistius rotundus sp. nov., Smodicinodes yaoi sp. nov., Spilosynema ansatum sp. nov., S. comminum sp. nov., S. mancum sp. nov., S. ravum sp. nov., Synema revolutum sp. nov., Takachihoa lamellaris sp. nov., T. tumida sp. nov., Talaus sulcus sp. nov., Tmarus gladiatus sp. nov. Male Epidius bazarus (Tikader, 1970), male Paraborboropactus rhombus Tang and Li, 2009, female Smodicinodes schwendingeri Benjamin, 2002 are described for the first time.
A review of the genus Dexia Meigen in the Palearctic and Oriental Regions (Diptera: Tachinidae)
Authors: ZHANG CHUN-TIAN , SHIMA HIROSHI , CHEN XIAO-LIN
Published: January 2019

The Palearctic and Oriental species of the genus Dexia Meigen are revised. Thirty-one described species are recognized as valid, viz. D. atripes (Malloch), D. basifera Walker, D. bivittata Townsend, D. caldwelli Curran, D. divergens Walker, D. extendens Walker, D. flavida (Townsend), D. flavipes Coquillett, D. fraseri (Malloch), D. fulvifera Röder, D. fusiformis Walker, D. gilva Mesnil, D. hainanensis Zhang, D. lepida Wiedemann, D. longipennis (Townsend), D. longipes (Townsend), D. luzonensis (Townsend), D. major (Malloch), D. maritima Kolomiets, D. montana (Baranov), D. monticola Malloch, D. rustica (Fabricius), D. seticincta Mesnil, D. subnuda (Malloch), Dexia sumatrensis (Townsend, 1926), status nov. (originally described as Eomyoceropsis sumatrensis Townsend, 1926 and here removed from synonymy with D. fulvifera), D. vacua (Fallén), D. velutina (Mesnil), D. ventralis Aldrich, D. vicina (Mesnil), D. violovitshi Kolomiets and D. vittata (Baranov). Five species are described as new to science: D. alticola Zhang et Shima, sp. nov., D. chaoi Zhang et Shima, sp. nov., D. chinensis Zhang et Chen, sp. nov., D. kurahashii Zhang et Shima, sp. nov., and D. tenuiforceps Zhang et Shima, sp. nov. Some species are newly recorded from Japan and Southeast and South Asian countries. A key to 36 species of Dexia is given and 96 diagnostic figures of the male terminalia are included.
The Ophryotrocha labronica group (Annelida: Dorvilleidae)— with the description of seven new species
Authors: PAXTON HANNELORE , ÅKESSON BERTIL
Published: January 2019

This paper reviews the group of gonochoristic Ophryotrocha species, known as the “O. labronica group”. This informal group is chararacterised by its unique maxillary P- and K-forceps and dorsomedian rosette glands. All members of the group are primarily gonochoristic and almost all have the diploid complement of chromosomes of 2n = 6. External morphological differences within the group are very slight. In males and females of all species the P-type maxillae change at maturity to the K-type with the right forceps being bifid. A jaw fossil from the Upper Cretaceous, attributable to the O. labronica group, attests to the long history of the group. As herein defined, the group includes: O. labronica labronica, O. labronica pacifica, O. costlowi sp. nov., O. dimorphica, O. japonica sp. nov., O. macrovifera sp. nov., O. notoglandulata, O. permanae sp. nov., O. robusta sp. nov., O. rubra sp. nov., O. schubravyi, O. vellae sp. nov., O. olympica, nom. nud., O. prolifica, nom. nud., and O. sativa, nom. nud.. Seven species are formally described and diagnoses are provided for all remaining taxa in the taxonomic section. This is followed by an illustrated discussion of the morphology, reproductive traits, and relationships of the members of the informal group.
Six new species of the genus Chevalia Walker, 1904 (Amphipoda, Corophiidea, Chevaliidae) from Brazilian waters, with a key to world species of the genus
Authors: SOUZA-FILHO JESSER F. , T. SOUZA ANA MARIA , VALÉRIO-BERARDO MARIA TERESA
Published: January 2019

Six new species of the genus Chevalia are described from the Brazilian coast using all morphological characters proposed by Barnard & Thomas (1987) and Lazo-Wazen (1999) with two more: the shape of head proximal margin of lateral cephalic lobe and length ratio of uropod 2 rami: C. anomala sp. nov.; C. caetes sp. nov.; C. convexa sp. nov.; C. marajoara sp. nov.; C. thomasi sp. nov.; and C. setosa sp. nov. This paper raises the total number of recognized world species in this genus to 13. The genus is herein subdivided into three groups, based only on the shape of the basis of pereopod 7: group I – rectangular basis of pereopod 7 with a protuberant posteroventral corner, comprises four species; group II – rectangular basis of pereopod 7 lacking a protuberant posteroventral corner, comprises three species; and group III – ovate basis of pereopod 7, comprises seven species. A key of the world Chevalia species is also provided.
Carybdea alata auct. (Cubozoa): rediscovery of the Alatina grandis type
Authors: BENTLAGE BASTIAN
Published: January 2019

Numerous nominal species have been considered synonymous with Carybdea alata Reynaud, 1830 (cf. Gershwin 2005). A recent revision concluded that several of the species collectively referred to as C. alata are valid and indeed separate species (Gershwin 2005; but see also Bentlage et al. 2010). Additionally, these species (including C. alata) were moved into the genus Alatina Gershwin 2005 (family Alatinidae Gershwin, 2005) because of stark morphological differences they display compared to the other species of Carybdea. In particular, Alatina species possess crescentic phacellae and a rhopaliar niche ostium that is covered by a single upper and two lateral scales (t-shaped sensu Gershwin 2005; cf. Bigelow 1938) compared to a single upper covering scale (heart-shaped sensu Gershwin 2005; cf. Bigelow 1938) and epaulette-like or linear phacellae in the corners of the stomach in Carybdea species. Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses support the separation of Carybdea and Alatina (Bentlage et al. 2010). Alatina grandis posed a problem in Gershwin's (2005) revision, as the type of this species appeared to be lost to science, preventing a closer investigation of its identity. I located a type specimen of the species in the collections of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (USNM). The purpose of this letter is to draw attention to this important specimen, and highlight directions for future studies on the evolutionary history of the genus Alatina.
Erratum: TOLEDO, LUÍS FELIPE (2010) Description of a new species of Pseudopaludicola Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926 from the state of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil (Anura, Leiuperidae). Zootaxa, 2681, 12–25.
Authors: TOLEDO LUÍS FELIPE
Published: January 2019

(Erratum)
On some Afrotropical species of Aloencyrtus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae): parasitoids of soft scales (Hemiptera: Coccidae)
Authors: PRINSLOO GERHARD L.
Published: January 2019

Six new species of the encyrtid genus Aloencyrtus Prinsloo are described: A. alox sp. n., A. habrus sp. n., A. hardii sp. n., A. johani sp. n., A. lindae sp. n. and A. vivo sp. n.; three new synonyms are proposed: A. ingens (Annecke) syn. n. under A. coelops (Waterston), A. niloticus (Compere) syn. n. under A. obscuratus (Waterston) and A. vitripennis (Annecke) syn. n. under A. claripennis (Compere); diagnoses are provided for the 13 previously described Afrotropical species in addition to a key for the separation of females of the 19 species of the genus now known from the region; a parasitoid-host list is given.
Extension of the genus Paruzelia (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae) to Borneo with the discovery of a new species
Authors: CONSTANT JEROME
Published: January 2019

A new species of Paruzelia Melichar, 1903, P. rawette n. sp., is described from Borneo, Sabah (Malaysia). The species is compared with P. psyllomorpha Melichar, 1903 and P. salome Fennah, 1984, both described from Sri Lanka. Male genitalia and habitus are illustrated. An identification key and a distribution map is provided for all three species of the genus. The biogeography of the genus is discussed.
The millipede order Platydesmida (Diplopoda) in Taiwan, with descriptions of two new species
Authors: MIKHALJOVA ELENA V. , GOLOVATCH SERGEI I. , KORSÓS ZOLTÁN , CHEN CHAO-CHUN , CHANG HSEUH-WEN
Published: January 2019

The diplopod order Platydesmida appears to be represented in Taiwan by two new species from one family, Andrognathidae, and two genera: Brachycybe disticha sp. nov. and Yamasinaium latum sp. nov. Descriptions of these two species are presented, also based on examination of the types of the geographically closest species of each genus: Brachycybe nodulosa (Verhoeff, 1935) and Yamasinaium noduligerum Verhoeff, 1939, both from Japan. The distributions of the Taiwanese species of Brachycybe and Yamasinaium are mapped and discussed.
Four new species of the spider genus Telema (Araneae, Telemidae) from Southeast Asia
Authors: WANG CHUNXIA , LI SHUQIANG
Published: January 2019

Four new species of the spider genus Telema from Southeast Asia are described and illustrated: T. acicularis sp. nov. and T. anguina sp. nov. from Thailand, T. fabata sp. nov. from Singapore, and T. malaysiaensis sp. nov. from Malaysia.
A new species of Microcaecilia (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Caeciliidae) from Guyana
Authors: WILKINSON MARK , KOK PHILIPPE J. R.
Published: January 2019

A new species of caeciliid caecilian, Microcaecilia iyob sp. nov., is described based on a single specimen from Guyana that was previously assigned to M. unicolor (Duméril, 1864), a species known with certainty only from French Guiana. The new species differs from other Microcaecilia in its pattern of annulation and/or major features of the dentition.
A taxonomic review of the ant genus Megalomyrmex Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Central America
Authors: LONGINO JOHN T.
Published: January 2019

The ant genus Megalomyrmex is known only from the Neotropics, where some of the species are specialized parasites or predators of Attini. A taxonomic review and a key to species is provided for the fauna of Central America and southern Mexico. The following new species are described: M. adamsae, M. mondaboroides, M. nocarina, M. reina.
Tagalis evavilmae sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Saicinae), an inhabitant of birds’ nests in Amazonas, Brazil with taxonomical notes and a key to the species of Tagalis Stål
Authors: GIL-SANTANA HÉLCIO R. , GOUVEIA FERNANDO B. PINTO , ZERAIK SORAYA O.
Published: January 2019

Tagalis evavilmae sp. nov. from Amazonas, Brazil is described based on adults and nymphs collected in birds’ nests of Cacicus spp. and Psarocolius spp. (Icterinae: Emberezidae: Passeriformes) in Central Amazon, Brazil. A revised diagnosis of Tagalis Stål, 1860 is provided. The male genitalia of Tagalis seminigra Champion, 1899 is described. A key to Tagalis species is presented.
Supplement to the revision of the genus Brachelytrium Obenberger, 1923 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Buprestinae: Anthaxiini)
Authors: BÍLÝ SVATOPLUK , BELLAMY CHARLES L.
Published: January 2019

Eight new species of the essentially Afrotropical anthaxiine buprestid genus Brachelytrium Obenberger, 1923 are described: Brachelytrium (Brachelytrium) aeneum sp. nov. from South Africa, B. (B.) beninense sp. nov. from Benin, B. (B.) mauritanicum sp. nov. from Mauritania, B. (B.) niehuisi sp. nov. from Namibia, B. (B.) nigrum sp. nov. and B. (B.) purpureiventre sp. nov. from Kenya, B. (Elytrobrachium) caeruleum sp. nov. from Zambia and B. (E.) metallicum sp. nov. from Kenya, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Brachelytrium jemeni Brechtel, 2000 is transferred to the subgenus Elytrobrachium. All new species are illustrated and compared with the most similar species, distinguished in a key to subgenera and species. A complete checklist for the genus is given including all 25 species and two subgenera.
Review of the leafhopper genus Taperus Li & Wang (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) from China, with description of three new species
Authors: ZHANG XINMIN , ZHANG YALIN , WEI CONG
Published: January 2019

The Oriental leafhopper genus Taperus Li & Wang and its type species are redescribed, together with three new species, T. bannaensis, sp. n., T. quadragulatus, sp. n. and T. luchunensis, sp. n., are described and illustrated. In addition, T. flavifrons (Matsumura) (Onukia), comb. n. is proposed, and Taperus bimaculatus Cai & Shen, T. discolor Cai & Shen and T. lanpingensis Li & Wang are transferred to Convexana Li. A checklist and a key to all species of Taperus are provided.
Two new species of Tricorythodes Ulmer, 1920 (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) from Southeastern Brazil
Authors: GONÇALVES INÊS C. , DA-SILVA ELIDIOMAR R. , NESSIMIAN JORGE L.
Published: January 2019

Two news species of Tricorythodes are described from both, nymph and male imago: Tricorythodes chalaza sp. nov. and Tricorythodes diasae sp. nov. Imagoes of T. diasae sp. nov. can be characterized as follows: vein CuP of wings absent or incomplete; distal 3/4 of hind legs black; inner margins of styliger plate projected; penes rectangular with lateral margins sclerotized, forming two distal lobes inserted apico-dorsally with rounded margins whereas imagoes of T. chalaza sp. nov. present: vein CuP incomplete or absent; inner margins of styliger plate projected; basal swelling on segment II of forceps shaded with black; penes pyramidal with lateral margins sclerotized, divided apically.
New and little-known cheilostomatous Bryozoa from the south and southeastern Brazilian continental shelf and slope
Authors: VIEIRA LEANDRO M. , GORDON DENNIS P. , SOUZA FACELUCIA B.C. , HADDAD MARIA ANGÉLICA
Published: January 2019

The present paper reports on 22 species collected by the Brazilian Program of Living Resources in the Exclusive Economic Zone (REVIZEE). A new genus and species of Cribrilinidae, Corbuliporina crepida n. gen. et sp., is described, along with seventeen other new species: Chaperia brasiliensis n. sp., Amastigia aviculifera n. sp., Isosecuriflustra pinniformis n. sp., Cellaria subtropicalis n. sp., Melicerita brasiliensis n. sp., Arachnopusia haywardi n. sp., Smittina migottoi n. sp., Hippomenella amaralae n. sp., Rogicka joannae n. sp., Malakosaria atlantica n. sp., Turbicellepora winstonae n. sp., Rhynchozoon coalitum n. sp., Stephanollona angusta n. sp., Stephanollona arborescens n. sp., Aulopocella americana n. sp., Conescharellina cookae n. sp. and Conescharellina bocki n. sp. Chorizopora brongniartii (Audouin, 1826) is recorded for the first time in Brazilian waters and a new combination for Rhynchozoon arborescens Canu & Bassler, 1928 is established. New illustrations and taxonomic remarks are included for two little-known species from Brazil, Rogicka scopae (Canu & Bassler, 1928) and Fenestrulina ampla Canu & Bassler, 1928. A compilation of species recorded from deeper waters of the Brazilian coast is included.
Chigger mites (Acariformes: Trombiculidae) of Iran
Authors: STEKOLNIKOV ALEXANDR A. , SABOORI ALIREZA , SHAMSI MOHSEN , HAKIMITABAR MASOUD
Published: January 2019

Chigger mites of Iran have been revised based on examination of type materials in the collection of Zoological Museum of Moscow University and reference data. Hitherto, 85 species of trombiculids were recorded in Iran; synonymy, diagnoses, data on depositories of type specimens, lists of hosts and collection localities are given for each species. Original measurements of holotypes or paratypes are provided for 46 species. Four new combinations are proposed: Ornithogastia merops (Vercammen-Grandjean, Rohde and Mesghali, 1970) comb. nov., transferred from Guntherana; O. oenanthe (Vercammen-Grandjean, Rohde and Mesghali, 1970) comb. nov., transferred from Guntherana; Microtrombicula galerida (Vercammen-Grandjean, Rohde and Mesghali, 1970), comb. nov., transferred from Eltonella; and M. meriones (Vercammen-Grandjean, Rohde and Mesghali, 1970), comb. nov., transferred from Eltonella. Comparison of our measurements of holotypes with those given in the original species descriptions published by Kudryashova was carried out using statistical methods to establish probable systematic bias between metric data obtained by different researchers. A key to species of Iranian trombiculid larvae is compiled. With the use of public geoinformation online resources, actual names and coordinates were established for all 48 sites of Iran where chigger mites were collected.
Risk assessment index system for equipment maintenance project of civil military integration
Authors: Jinsong Liu , Xiaoming Han , Rugen Wang
Published: January 2019

In view of the risks of equipment maintenance in the military and civilian integration, by analyzing the experience of foreign military and civilian integration, the relevant cases are analyzed, combined with modern management theory of agency theory, entrustment theory, risk management theory, and virtual organization theory. This paper constructs the risk assessment index system of the military and civilian integration equipment maintenance project on the basis of fully considering the particularity of the service and uses the factor clustering, the comprehensive weighting method, and the double base point evaluation method to carry out the evaluation. The validity and practicability of the evaluation are verified by examples, which can provide some reference for the risk assessment of equipment maintenance project in the integration of military and civilian.
Romancing the other: Arundhati Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness
Authors: Lau Lisa , Mendes Ana Cristina
Published: January 2019

Arundhati Roy’s second and latest novel, The Ministry of Utmost Happiness — which took her 10 years to write — is crammed full of misfits and outsiders, the flotsam and jetsam of India’s complex, stratified society. The novel is inhabited by cohorts of others: hijras, political rebels, the poor, women who will not “know their place”, and abandoned baby girls. The narrative of Roy’s latest political romance shows these others carving out new spaces for themselves, defying convention, trying possible new lives, and testing out new roles. This article aims to look at the texture of romance in Roy’s novels. Set within the narrative of Roy’s romance with India’s others, the article focuses on the Tilo–Musa romance in The Ministry of Utmost Happiness and compares it with the Ammu–Velutha romance in the author’s first novel, The God of Small Things, published in 1997. Romance in Roy’s novels serves multiple purposes, as this article argues and unpacks. Mapping out the patterns of romance which Roy creates in both her novels, this analysis employs the trope of romance as a lens through which to offer a postcolonial reading of The Ministry of Utmost Happiness, which interpenetrates intimacy and desire and the political. Deconstructing the (remarkably similar) romances at the heart of both of Roy’s novels reveals that her romances may not just be her rebuttal to India’s wrongs, but may even constitute a form of political rescue. We conclude that although Roy is purposeful in identifying and avoiding re-orientalist representations, her rejection of abjection and victimhood, and her overt celebration of larger-than-life others, may have subverted the inferiorizing of the other, without, however, decreasing the process of othering.
Does Emotional Intelligence Predict Athletes’ Motivation to Participate in Sports?
Authors: Sukys Saulius , Tilindienė Ilona , Cesnaitiene Vida Janina , Kreivyte Rasa
Published: January 2019

The relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and successful athletic performance has been previously recognized, but there remains a need to investigate how EI impacts athletes’ sports motivation. This cross-sectional study investigated how different EI dimensions related to athletes’ motivation among 239 adult basketball players (129 females) aged 18-34 years. Our research participants completed questionnaires that included the self-reported Emotional Intelligence Scale and Sport Motivation Scale II. We found significant correlations between total EI and intrinsic, integrated, identified, and introjected regulation. Higher EI was negatively related to athletes’ amotivation. More specifically, the self-reported abilities to perceive emotion and manage others’ emotions were significantly related to intrinsic, integrated, and identified regulation, and only managing one’s own emotions negatively related to athletes’ amotivation.
Reporting on domestic violence in the Irish media: an exploratory study of journalists’ perceptions and practices
Authors: Cullen Pauline , O’Brien Anne , Corcoran Mary
Published: January 2019

Media representations of domestic violence continue to be problematic. Few studies engage with journalists to understand how and why problematic representations are produced and endure. This research addresses that gap by exploring the challenges to journalists of reporting domestic violence. The key findings are that sources, conventions, and institutional constraints all constitute challenges to accurate reporting. Journalists note that police sources tend to avoid defining domestic violence as such. Consequently, problematic sources such as bystanders and community commentators are used. In addition, a number of long-held conventions prevail, including a default construction of reporting only the ‘facts of the situation’; avoiding using the term domestic violence; and referring to incidents as singular, exceptional, and unexpected, with no connection made to other similar stories or broader aspects of gendered violence. Editors also place greater scrutiny on journalists working on domestic violence stories because of potential legal repercussions regarding defamation and adherence to court reporting’s strict guidelines. Finally, relationships with domestic violence advocates are important for journalists in accessing expertise to help frame better understandings of the complexities of the issue. Until these structural and cultural problems in reporting are changed, much of the current misframing of domestic violence will endure.
Long-term outcome and quality of life in patients with iliac vein compression syndrome after endovascular treatment
Authors: Bi Yonghua , Yu Zepeng , Chen Hongmei , Ren Jianzhuang , Han Xinwei
Published: January 2019

Purpose

Deep venous thrombosis induced by iliac vein compression syndrome often interferes with patients’ work or daily living. This study aims to investigate the long-term outcome and quality of life in patients with iliac vein compression syndrome after endovascular treatment.

Methods

From October 2011 until June 2016, 28 patients with acute deep venous thrombosis diagnosed as iliac vein compression syndrome by ultrasonography were enrolled in this perspective study. Fifteen patients underwent balloon dilation and stent insertion (group A); 13 patients received anticoagulation treatment, thrombolysis, or balloon dilation without stenting (group B). The Medical Outcomes Study-Short Form-36 was used to assess the quality of life preoperatively and after endovascular treatment. The follow-up of Short Form-36 questionnaire was obtained within 12.13 ± 12.04 months after repair.

Results

There was no operative mortality in two groups, and technical success was achieved in 14 (93.3%) patients in group A. Thirteen (86.7%) patients were cured in group A, which was significantly higher than that of group B (46.2%, p = 0.042). Only one patient showed occlusion of stent in group A, with a secondary patency rate of 93.3%. Except for ‘Role emotion’, all remaining domains were significantly improved in group A when compared with preoperative score ( p < 0.01). The scores of ‘Physical functioning’, ‘Role physical’, and ‘General health’ in group A were significantly higher than those of group B ( p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Endovascular stenting to treat iliac vein compression syndrome shows beneficial clinical outcome, cumulative patency rate, and quality of life, with high technical success and low complications.
Postneoliberalism as institutional recalibration: Reading Polanyi through Argentina’s soy boom
Authors: Berndt Christian , Werner Marion , Fernández Víctor Ramiro
Published: January 2019

While postneoliberalism is often interpreted as a societal reaction against the deleterious effects of marketization in Latin America, this paper develops a finer-grained Polanyian institutional analysis to gain better analytical purchase on the ambivalent outcomes of postneoliberal reforms. Drawing on recent insights in economic geography, and in dialogue with the Latin American structuralist tradition, we elaborate our framework through a case study of the Argentinian soy boom of the 2000s, identifying forms of market extension, redistribution, reciprocity and householding that facilitated this process. We argue for a multi-scalar approach that balances attention to national and extra-local dynamics shaping the combination of these forms, identified through the lens of the “fictitious commodities” of the soy boom: money (credit, currency and cross-border capital flows), land (in the agricultural heartland and frontier regions), labor (transformed and excluded in a “farming without farmers” model) and, we add, knowledge (biotech). Our analysis identifies internal tensions as well as overt resistance and “overflow” that ultimately led to the collapse of postneoliberal regulation of the soy complex, ushering in a wider, market-radical counter-movement. Refracting double-movement-type dynamics through the prism of heterodox institutional forms, we argue, allows for a better grasp of processes that underlie institutional recalibrations of progressive and regressive kinds.
Transgressing between consumption and production: Materialistic outlook on the digital labour of prosumers
Authors: Mika Bartosz
Published: January 2019

This article explores the subject of unpaid digital labour on the Internet. Often presented as co-creation or prod-using the work of that kind is the matter of much controversy. The article tries to critically refer to the most popular concepts, reaches out to the authors using the Marxian dictionary, detail their arguments, and finally propose their own typology. The text treats the hypothesis about the vanishing boundaries between production and consumption as unprofitable. The distinction between personal and private property and the use and exchange value are highlighted to precisely define the place of quasiwork in the social division of labour.
Body Fluid Compartments
Authors: Pain Roy W.
Published: January 2019

The terms mole, molality, molarity, osmole, osmolality, osmolarity, osmolar gap and anion gap are defined and their clinical usefulness indicated. The following body fluid compartments are described: total body water ( TBW), extracellular fluid ( ECF), intracellular fluid ( ICF), transcellular fluid ( TCF), plasma volume, red cell volume and interstitial fluid volume. Isotope-dilution techniques are briefly discussed and representative normal values for the various compartments according to sex and age are indicated. The physiological mechanisms that maintain the distinctive ionic compositions of the various fluid spaces are briefly outlined. New concepts of the function of the gel matrix and of the lymph drainage of the interstitium are presented. Opposing models to the sodium-potassium membrane pump are briefly described.
Central Neural Blockade and Caesarian: Section. Part 1: Review and Case Series.
Authors: Brownridge Peter
Published: January 2019

Caesarian Section was performed on 62 patients who chose regional anaesthesia (epidural or subarachnoid) in preference to general anaesthesia. Results are presented and discussed with a review of relevant literature.
Banked Autologous Blood for Elective Surgery
Authors: Davis Richard
Published: January 2019

A pre-deposit autologous blood transfusion service for elective surgical patients is described and recommended.
Status Epilepticus Controlled by Althesin Infusion
Authors: Chin L. S. , Havill J. H. , Rothwell R. P. G.
Published: January 2019

Althesin will control status epilepticus when other agents jail. Its major advantage over other agents is its lack of accumulation because it is readily metabolized. Three patients are reported and relevant literature is discussed.
Clinical Report: Interscalene Block for Shoulder Operations
Authors: Lim E. K.
Published: January 2019

Administration of adequate volumes of local anaesthetic through a single injection into the interscalene space produces blockade of both the brachial and cervical plexuses. A report of 2 patients who underwent operative repair of recurrent dislocation of the shoulder under interscalene block is presented. The advantages and disadvantages of the block for surgery around the shoulder region, and the possible complications are discussed.
Adverse Reactions to Human Plasma Proteins
Authors: Wells J. Vivian , King M. A.
Published: January 2019

Adverse reactions to human plasma proteins range from mild urticaria to fatal anaphylaxis and may occur with virtually any blood product. The most common clinical settings appear to be whole blood transfusion in subjects with no previous history of reactions, or the infusion of fresh frozen plasma or injection of human immune serum globulin (HISG) to patients with known immunodeficiency.

The immunological processes involved and the management of reactions are discussed.
Blood Transfusion in Particular Clinical Situations
Authors: Harden Peter A.
Published: January 2019

Many transfusion reactions are iatrogenic in origin and reflect a lack of understanding of the indications for transfusion as well as a failure to appreciate what can be achieved with this form of therapy. The importance of anticipating problems before they arise is illustrated by a consideration of the indications for blood transfusion in several clinical situations: e.g. neonatal transfusion — exchange or replacement, cardiopulmonary by-pass, specific organ failure (cardiovascular system, the liver and the kidney) and auto-immune haemolytic anaemia. Various potentially adverse reactions are considered primarily with a view to their avoidance.
Halothane, Enflurane, Methoxyflurane, and Isolated Human Uterine Muscle
Authors: Paull John , Ziccone Sebastian
Published: January 2019

The depressant effects of halothane, enflurane and methoxyflurane at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 MAC on isolated human gravid uterine muscle have been studied. The muscle samples were obtained from women undergoing caesarean section at between 38 and 41 weeks gestation. All three agents produced depression of uterine muscle contractility and of contraction frequency. There were no significant differences between the degree of depression of the uterine muscle at equipotent concentrations of the three volatile agents. Differing concentrations of the same agent over the range 0.5 to 1.5 MAC produced no significant change in the uterine muscle depression.
Low Dose Chlormethiazole Infusion as a supplement to Central Neural Blockade: Blood Concentrations and Clinical Effects
Authors: Mather L. E. , Cousins M. J.
Published: January 2019

Chlormethiazole ethanedisulphonate (Hemineurin) was administered to provide light sedation in patients undergoing surgery with neural blockade. A two stage intravenous infusion system was used and consisted of a loading dose 1520 mg over 30 minutes followed by a maintenance rate of 10 mg/min for the desired period. Patients were sedated smoothly and reliably but could be roused by verbal contact. Recovery from effects was rapid and this is a result of a high clearance of chlormethiazole from the body (approximately 2 l/min). Blood concentrations of chlormethiazole (base, mean ± SD) associated with light sedation were 5.5 ± 3.0 mg/l, while a sleep-like state was achieved with concentrations of 6.7 ± 3.0 mg/l. Given by controlled intravenous infusion under close supervision, chlormethiazole appears close to being an ideal sedative to supplement neural blockade techniques.
Anaesthesia for Laryngeal Microsurgery Using Small-Bore Endotracheal Tubes
Authors: Koo M. K. T.
Published: January 2019

General anaesthesia was given to 22 patients for laryngeal microsurgery using small cuffed endotracheal tubes. The described technique is relatively simple for the anaesthetist, safe for the patient and provides good conditions for the surgeon.
Intradermal Testing after Anaphylactoid Reaction to Anaesthetic Drugs: Practical Aspects of Performance and Interpretation
Authors: Fisher M.
Published: January 2019

A detailed description of an intradermal test for the diagnosis of the drug responsible for acute anaphylactoid or anaphylactic reactions to anaesthetic drugs is presented. If intradermal testing is performed according to this protocol the drug responsible for the reaction can be determined in the majority of reactions.
A Post-Anaesthetic Scoring System
Authors: Thomas D. , Davis A. C.
Published: January 2019

A post-anaesthetic scoring system is described. The scoring system scores five parameters that may be quickly assessed by the recovery room staff at five-minute intervals. The system was usefully employed for a month's trial and has now been adopted on a full-time basis at this hospital.
Effect of Ranitidine Given before Atropine Sulphate on Lower Oesophageal Sphincter Tone
Authors: Brock-Utne J. G. , Downing J. W. , Humphrey D.
Published: January 2019

The effects on lower oesophageal sphincter tone of intravenous ranitidine 150 mg followed by atropine 0.6 mg were studied in six healthy volunteers. Ranitidine increased the mean lower oesophageal sphincter pressure by 21.2 cm H2O (p <0.01). Subsequent injection of atropine lowered the lower oesophageal sphincter pressure but not significantly, mean sphincter pressure remaining 14.2 cm H2O above control. Barrier pressure to reflux (lower oesophageal sphincter pressure minus gastric pressure) increased significantly after intravenous ranitidine injection, and although it fell after intravenous atropine it was still above control levels.

The results of this study suggest that ranitidine increases lower oesophageal sphincter tone. When it is given prior to atropine injection within 20 minutes before induction of anaesthesia it counteracts the deleterious effect of the latter on sphincter tone and barrier pressure to reflux.
Pathophysiology of Haemorrhagic Shock
Authors: Runciman W. B. , Skowronski G. A.
Published: January 2019

The immediate effect of sudden blood loss is the activation of a variety of homeostatic responses. These include increased sympathetic activity and increased release or production of renin, angiotensin, anti-diuretic hormone, aldosterone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, beta-endorphins, glucocorticoids, glucagon, erythropoeitin, 2-3 diphosphoglycerate, prostaglandins and complement. This may be followed by the release of many substances, some initially appropriate locally, and some the products of damaged cells, which may go on to cause both local and systemic damage. These include lysozomal enzymes, kinins, histamines, serotonin, lactic acid, free oxygen radicals, neutrophil proteases, fibrinogen degradation products, endotoxins, myocardial depressant polypeptides, and passive transferable lethal factor. The early and late effects on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, and on the blood, brain, kidneys, gut, liver, pancreas, and on overall metabolism and cellular function, are considered in turn. Although an enormous research effort has increased our understanding of the pathophysiology of haemorrhagic shock, no special measures have yet been shown to influence morbidity or mortality in man. Management still hinges on the early recognition and treatment of bleeding, on general supportive measures, and on safeguarding each link in the oxygen delivery chain.
Resuscitation in Acute Haemorrhage
Authors: Raper R. F. , Fisher M. McD.
Published: January 2019

While some of the details of resuscitation of the bleeding patient remain contentious, the basic principles are clear. Adequate resuscitation implies the prompt restoration of tissue oxygenation by achievement and maintenance of airway patency, adequate ventilation, cardiac rhythm and intravascular volume. The choice of fluid for primary resuscitation is considerably less important than the care with which it ought to be administered. The volume of fluid required for primary resuscitation varies and there is no well-defined endpoint against which to titrate fluid resuscitation. However, as the complications and mortality of shock are related to the degree and the duration of shock, definitive (usually surgical) intervention should be undertaken early if the clinical features of shock cannot be readily reversed or if the maintenance of clinically adequate perfusion cannot be achieved with the administration of less than 200 ml of fluid per hour.
Reductive Metabolism of Halothane in Children
Authors: Plummer John L. , Van der Walt Johan H. , Cousins Michael J.
Published: January 2019

The volatile halothane metabolites, 2-chloro-1,1,1,-trifluoroethane and 2-chloro-1,1-difluoroethylene, were identified in the exhaled breath of ten children during halothane anaesthesia. Although there was considerable variation among children in the concentration and time-course of metabolite exhalation, exhaled concentrations of these metabolites were of a similar magnitude to those reported in adults. This result suggests that the lower incidence of halothane hepatitis in children compared with adults is not due to a poor ability to metabolise halothane by the reductive pathway.
The Influence on Foetal Outcome of Maternal Carbon Dioxide Tension at Caesarean Section under General Anaesthesia
Authors: Cook P. T.
Published: January 2019

The influence on foetal outcome of maternal Pco2 at caesarean section under general anaesthesia was assessed in 27 “clinically acceptable ideal patients” as defined by Crawford.1 A standard anaesthetic technique was employed which utilised left lateral tilt and an F1o2 of 0.5. A highly significant relationship (p < 0.001) was found between umbilical vein Po2 and maternal end-tidal Pco2 in the range 20-40 mmHg, such that hypocarbia was associated with a lowering of umbilical vein Po2. In spite of this relationship, only three values of Po2 were less than normal (28 mmHg). No relationship was found between clinically measured parameters of foetal outcome and maternal end-tidal Pco2. The relevant literature is reviewed.
Adverse Responses to Local Anaesthetics
Authors: Fisher M. McD. , Graham Roger
Published: January 2019

Progressive challenge was used to investigate twenty-seven patients with a history of an adverse response to local anaesthesia. True allergy was detected in only one patient. The method does not exclude reactions to additives and preservatives in local anaesthetics. If preservative-free local anaesthetics are used for subsequent exposure in patients with no response to progressive challenge, subsequent exposure is safe. The possibility that some of these patients may be reacting to preservatives in the solutions cannot be excluded by such testing. Where possible preservative-free local anaesthetic preparations should be used for subsequent anaesthesia.
Sodium Nitroprusside, Pregnancy and Multiple Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Willoughby J. S.
Published: January 2019

Pregnancy should not greatly alter the anaesthetic management of a patient with intracranial aneurysms. Controlled hypotension is the method of choice for meeting surgical requirements.9,10 Primary attention to the mother with judicious use of sodium nitroprusside is unlikely to compromise the foetus.6,8,11,26 Sodium nitroprusside is not teratogenic in animal experiments.25 At present, the biochemical consequences for the foetus of prolonged nitrous oxide anaesthesia are not clear. Present data would support folinic acid administration.68,70