bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical therapy for survivors of torture: A scoping review
Authors: Dee Justine McCuen , Gell Nancy , Van Eeghen Constance , Littenberg Benjamin
Published: May 2024

Background: Torture can result in impaired function, reduced quality of life, and chronic pain. Physical therapy (PT) is recommended for wholistic care of survivors of torture (SOT), however there are limited evidenced-based guidelines. We conducted a scoping review to identify and describe the approach and gaps in knowledge around the PT treatment of SOT.
Methods: We adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Nine databases were searched from inception to 2023. Eligible sources were those involving PT treatment for SOT. Extracted data included the source of evidence, PT description, mode of delivery, and research study outcomes. Interventions were categorized into themes based on recommendations from the Physiotherapy and Refugees Education Project: trauma-informed care, body-awareness & empowerment, and pain management. Source-reported treatment approach and expected effect of the interventions informed the thematic categorization.
Results: The final analysis included thirteen sources with a combined total of 18 different interventions. Thematically, two sources described interventions targeting body-awareness & empowerment, while five sources targeted body-awareness & empowerment and pain management. Six sources included all three themes. Two of these six sources were research studies examining PT outcomes. Findings were significant favoring the PT, but results must be taken cautiously due to methodological limitations. Studies assessing treatment related to only one theme resulted in no between group differences.
Conclusions: We describe the scope of the literature regarding PT for SOT. A trauma-informed PT approach, coordinated with pain management, and body-awareness & empowerment interventions may address the complex needs of survivors. However, rigorous studies of this approach are lacking. As the number of displaced persons continues to rise globally, we must be prepared to care for these vulnerable people. Physical therapists are encouraged to utilize a wholistic approach, and to examine outcomes of this approach for survivors of torture.
Assessment and litigation of ocular injuries by less-lethal weapons.
Authors: Pérez-Sales Pau , Lopez Martin Sara , Parras Cordoves Marina
Published: May 2024

The main cause of serious ophthalmological injuries, includingviolent eye amputations in the context of so-called less lethalweapons, is the use of blunt objects, such as batons or extendablesticks and the use of kinetic energy projectiles (rubber bullets,pellets, foam projectiles or others). Such injuries in the contextof population control have been considered to constitute cruel,inhuman or degrading treatment or even torture when they arecarried out, intentionally or unintentionally, by State officials(or with their acquiescence or protection) and involve any of thepurposes contemplated in the Convention against Torture. Dueto their special characteristics, they constitute rights violationsthat entail unique difficulties and complexity from both a legaland forensic point of view. This paper addresses some of thesedifficulties with practical legal and forensic recommendations.It is structured in two parts: First, legal, where we considerlegal difficulties and provide suggestions on elements for obtainingevidence are given. Second, medico-psychological andforensic where we review the elements to be considered in theinterview, the medical and ophthalmological evaluation, andthe psychometric, psychological and psychiatric evaluation.
Doris Kearns Goodwin and Thomas J. Farrell on the History of the 1960s
Authors: Farrell Thomas J.
Published: May 2024

In the opening and closing sections of the present essay, I succinctly highlight Dr. Doris Kearns Goodwin’s new 2024 book An Unfinished Love Story: A Personal History of the 1960s(Simon & Schuster). In the wide-ranging and somewhat lengthy middle section of the present essay, I construct my own personal history of the 1960s. I especially highlight the work of my former teacher in the 1960s, the American Jesuit Renaissance specialist and cultural historian and pioneering media ecology theorist Walter J. Ong(1912-2003; Ph.D. in English, Harvard University, 1955) of Saint Louis University.
Artificial Intelligence, a Powerful Battering Ram in the Disinformation Industry
Authors: Islas Octavio , Gutiérrez Fernando , Arribas Amaia
Published: May 2024

The objective of this article is to analyze how the disinformation industry, understood as organized and systematic practices aimed at disseminating false information with the aim of manipulating public perception, has eroded trust in information, especially with the collaboration of socio-digital networks and artificial intelligence (AI).

Technological advances amplify the speed and sophistication with which disinformation spreads, making it difficult to identify and counteract false information, which could be identified with adequate digital literacy. With the use of algorithms and big data analysis, AI is used to personalize political messages, segment audiences and predict electoral trends, seeking not only to persuade voters, but also to create an immersive and emotionally attractive narrative. To do this, the article shows cases of deceiving the audience by presenting false information in a realistic way.

Thanks to the formidable development of AI and the advent of synthetic humans, we are witnessing the profound transformation of the entertainment industry and, shortly, political marketing.
Els exvots en la taulelleria valenciana dels segles XVIII i XIX
Authors: Navarro Buenaventura Beatriu , Cebrián Molina Josep Lluís
Published: May 2024

Resum: Estudiem els exvots pintats sobre taulells dels segles XVIII i XIX. A partir de les presentalles conservades al santuari del castell de Cullera i d’alguns plafons de la via pública o d’interior d’habitatges analitzem aquesta tipologia ceràmica. També identifiquem la mà d’alguns dels pintors que treballaren a les fàbriques de la ciutat de València: Mestre de Noguera, Valentí Garcés, Vicent Camarlenc, Joan Ortiz, Mestre de Santa Anna i Miquel Mollà.
 
Paraules clau: exvots, taulells, pintura ceràmica, devoció popular, València
 
Abstract: We study the votive offerings painted on tiles from the 18th and 19th centuries. This ceramic typology is analyzed based on the works preserved in the sanctuary of castle of Cullera and some panels on public roads or inside homes. We also identify the authorship of some the painters who worked in the factories of the city of València: Mestre de Noguera, Valentí Garcés, Vicent Camarlenc, Joan Ortiz, Mestre de Santa Anna and Miquel Mollà.
 
Keywords: votive offering, glazed tiles, ceramic painting, popular devotion, València
Ressenya a Alejandro Llinares Planells i Guillermo López Juan (eds.), Rethinking Violence in Valencia and Catalonia. Fourteenth to Seventeenth Century, Berlín, 2024
Authors: Roca Ricart Rafael
Published: May 2024

Ressenya a Alejandro Llinares Planells i Guillermo López Juan (eds.), Rethinking Violence in Valencia and Catalonia. Fourteenth to Seventeenth Century, Peter Lang, Berlín, 2024, 297 pp. ISBN: 978-3-631-91453-33
Review to Alejandro Llinares Planells i Guillermo López Juan (eds.), Rethinking Violence in Valencia and Catalonia. Fourteenth to Seventeenth Century, Peter Lang, Berlin, 2024, 297 pp. ISBN: 978-3-631-91453-33
Sumari del número 23
Authors: Escartí Soriano Vicent Josep
Published: May 2024

Sumari i presentació del número 23 de Scripta
КЊИГЕ БОГДАНА Р. МИЛАНОВИЋА КРАЈИШНИКА ИЗ ПЕРСПЕКТИВЕ ТИПОГРАФСКО-ИЗДАВАЧКЕ ДЈЕЛАТНОСТИ
Authors: Сударушић Радославка Р.
Published: May 2024

Предмет истраживања јесу књиге Богдана Р. Милановића Крајишника (Лика, 1877 – Улцињ, 1902), посматране из перспективе типографско-издавачке дјелат- ности. На примјеру збирки пјесама Први цвијетак. Пјесме за одраслију српску младеж. Књига прва (Велика Кикинда, Штампарија српске књижарнице Јована Радака, 1895) и Крајишкиње. Пјесме. Књига друга (Загреб, Српска штампа- рија, 1899), сагледава се умјетничко и економско-комерци- јално својство књиге. Поред краћег осврта на биографију и књижевно ства- ралаштво Богдана Р. Милановића, посебна пажња биће посвећена графичком обликовању именованих књига. Посматраћемо их као објекат типографске индустрије, исти- чући основне карактеристике штампарско-издавачке дје- латности позног 19. вијека. У овом раду мјеримо допринос издавачâ коначном изгледу Милановићевих пјесничких збирки.
Brain representations of motion and position in the double-drift illusion
Authors: Steinberg Noah J , Roth Zvi N , Movshon J Anthony , Merriam Elisha
Published: May 2024

In the ‘double-drift’ illusion, local motion within a window moving in the periphery of the visual field alters the window’s perceived path. The illusion is strong even when the eyes track a target whose motion matches the window so that the stimulus remains stable on the retina. This implies that the illusion involves the integration of retinal signals with non-retinal eye-movement signals. To identify where in the brain this integration occurs, we measured BOLD fMRI responses in visual cortex while subjects experienced the double-drift illusion. We then used a combination of univariate and multivariate decoding analyses to identify (1) which brain areas were sensitive to the illusion and (2) whether these brain areas contained information about the illusory stimulus trajectory. We identified a number of cortical areas that responded more strongly during the illusion than a control condition that was matched for low-level stimulus properties. Only in area hMT+ was it possible to decode the illusory trajectory. We additionally performed a number of important controls that rule out possible low-level confounds. Concurrent eye tracking confirmed that subjects accurately tracked the moving target; we were unable to decode the illusion trajectory using eye position measurements recorded during fMRI scanning, ruling out explanations based on differences in oculomotor behavior. Our results provide evidence for a perceptual representation in human visual cortex that incorporates extraretinal information.
The optimal clutch size revisited: separating individual quality from the parental survival costs of reproduction
Authors: Winder Lucy A. , Simons Mirre J.P. , Burke Terry
Published: May 2024

Life-history theory, central to our understanding of diversity in morphology, behaviour and senescence, describes how traits evolve through the optimisation of trade-offs in investment. Despite considerable study, there is only minimal support for trade-offs within species between the two traits most closely linked to fitness – reproductive effort and survival – questioning the theory’s general validity. We used a meta-analysis to separate the effects of individual quality (positive survival/reproduction correlation) from the costs of reproduction (negative survival/reproduction correlation) using studies of reproductive effort and parental survival in birds. Experimental enlargement of brood size caused reduced parental survival. However, the effect size of brood size manipulation was small and opposite to the effect of phenotypic quality, as we found that individuals that naturally produced larger clutches also survived better. The opposite effects on parental survival in experimental and observational studies of reproductive effort provides the first meta-analytic evidence for theory suggesting that quality differences mask trade-offs. Fitness projections using the overall effect size revealed that reproduction presented negligible costs, except when reproductive effort was forced beyond the level observed within species, to that seen between species. We conclude that there is little support for the most fundamental life-history trade-off, between reproductive effort and survival, operating within a population. We suggest that within species, the fitness landscape of the reproduction–survival trade-off is flat until it reaches the boundaries of the between-species fast–slow life-history continuum. Our results provide a quantitative explanation as to why the costs of reproduction are not apparent and why variation in reproductive effort persists within species.
Vacuolar H+-ATPase Determines Daughter Cell Fates through Asymmetric Segregation of the Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase Complex
Authors: Xie Zhongyun , Chai Yongping , Zhu Zhiwen , Shen Zijie , Guo Zhengyang , Zhao Zhiguang , Xiao Long , Du Zhuo , Ou Guangshuo , Li Wei
Published: May 2024

Asymmetric cell divisions (ACDs) generate two daughter cells with identical genetic information but distinct cell fates through epigenetic mechanisms. However, the process of partitioning different epigenetic information into daughter cells remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex is asymmetrically segregated into the surviving daughter cell rather than the apoptotic one during ACDs in
Caenorhabditis elegans
. The absence of NuRD triggers apoptosis via the EGL-1-CED-9-CED-4-CED-3 pathway, while an ectopic gain of NuRD enables apoptotic daughter cells to survive. We identify the vacuolar H
+
– adenosine triphosphatase (V-ATPase) complex as a crucial regulator of NuRD’s asymmetric segregation. V-ATPase interacts with NuRD and is asymmetrically segregated into the surviving daughter cell. Inhibition of V-ATPase disrupts cytosolic pH asymmetry and NuRD asymmetry. We suggest that asymmetric segregation of V-ATPase may cause distinct acidification levels in the two daughter cells, enabling asymmetric epigenetic inheritance that specifies their respective life-versus-death fates.
A robust method for measuring aminoacylation through tRNA-Seq
Authors: Davidsen Kristian , Sullivan Lucas B
Published: May 2024

Current methods to quantify the fraction of aminoacylated tRNAs, also known as the tRNA charge, are limited by issues with either low throughput, precision, and/or accuracy. Here, we present an optimized charge tRNA-Seq method that combines previous developments with newly described approaches to establish a protocol for precise and accurate tRNA charge measurements. We verify that this protocol provides robust quantification of tRNA aminoacylation and we provide an end-to-end method that scales to hundreds of samples including software for data processing. Additionally, we show that this method supports measurements of relative tRNA expression levels and can be used to infer tRNA modifications through reverse transcription misincorporations, thereby supporting multipurpose applications in tRNA biology.
Pan-cortical 2-photon mesoscopic imaging and neurobehavioral alignment in awake, behaving mice
Authors: Vickers Evan D , McCormick David A
Published: May 2024

The flow of neural activity across the neocortex during active sensory discrimination is constrained by task-specific cognitive demands, movements, and internal states. During behavior, the brain appears to sample from a broad repertoire of activation motifs. Understanding how these patterns of local and global activity are selected in relation to both spontaneous and task-dependent behavior requires in-depth study of densely sampled activity at single neuron resolution across large regions of cortex. In a significant advance toward this goal, we developed procedures to record mesoscale 2-photon Ca2+ imaging data from two novel in vivo preparations that, between them, allow for simultaneous access to nearly all 0f the mouse dorsal and lateral neocortex. As a proof of principle, we aligned neural activity with both behavioral primitives and high-level motifs to reveal the existence of large populations of neurons that coordinated their activity across cortical areas with spontaneous changes in movement and/or arousal. The methods we detail here facilitate the identification and exploration of widespread, spatially heterogeneous neural ensembles whose activity is related to diverse aspects of behavior.
The protective roles of eugenol on type 1 diabetes mellitus through NRF2-mediated oxidative stress pathway
Authors: Jiang Yalan , He Pingping , Sheng Ke , Peng Yongmiao , Wu Huilan , Qian Songwei , Ji Weiping , Guo Xiaoling , Shan Xiaoou
Published: May 2024

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia resulting from damage to the pancreatic β cells and an absolute deficiency of insulin, leading to multi-organ involvement and a poor prognosis. The progression of T1DM is significantly influenced by oxidative stress and apoptosis. The natural compound eugenol (EUG) possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties. However, the potential effects of EUG on T1DM had not been investigated. In this study, we established the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1DM mouse model in vivo and STZ-induced pancreatic β cell MIN6 cell model in vitro to investigate the protective effects of EUG on T1DM, and tried to elucidate its potential mechanism. Our findings demonstrated that the intervention of EUG could effectively induce the activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), leading to an up-regulation in the expressions of downstream proteins NQO1 and HMOX1, which are regulated by NRF2. Moreover, this intervention exhibited a significant amelioration in pancreatic β cell damage associated with T1DM, accompanied by an elevation in insulin secretion and a reduction in the expression levels of apoptosis and oxidative stress-related markers. Furthermore, ML385, an NRF2 inhibitor, reversed these effects of EUG. The present study suggested that EUG exerted protective effects on pancreatic β cells in T1DM by attenuating apoptosis and oxidative stress through the activation of the NRF2 signaling pathway. Consequently, EUG holds great promise as a potential therapeutic candidate for T1DM.
Artificial selection for microbial collective composition can succeed or fail depending on the initial and target values
Authors: Lee Juhee , Shou Wenying , Park Hye Jin
Published: May 2024

Microbial collectives, capable of functions beyond the reach of individual populations, can be enhanced through artificial selection. However, this process presents unique challenges. Here, we explore the ‘waterfall’ phenomenon, a metaphor describing how the success in achieving a desired genotype or species composition in microbial collectives can depend on both the target characteristics and initial conditions. We focus on collectives comprising fast-growing (F) and slow-growing (S) types, aiming to achieve specific S frequencies. Through simulations and analytical calculations, we show that intermediate target S frequencies might be elusive, akin to maintaining a raft’s position within a waterfall, rather than above or below it. This challenge arises because intra-collective selection, favoring F during growth, is the strongest at intermediate S frequencies, which can overpower counteracting inter-collective selection effects. Achieving low target S frequencies is consistently possible as expected, but high target S frequencies require an initially high S frequency — similar to a raft that can descend but not ascend a waterfall. The range of attainable target frequencies is significantly influenced by the initial population size of the collectives, while the number of collectives under selection plays a less critical role. In scenarios involving more than two types, the evolutionary trajectory must navigate entirely away from the metaphorical ‘waterfall drop.’ Our findings illustrate that the strength of intra-collective evolution is frequency-dependent, with implications in experimental planning.
Experimental study on short-text clustering using transformer-based semantic similarity measure
Authors: Abdalgader Khaled , Matroud Atheer A. , Hossin Khaled
Published: May 2024

Sentence clustering plays a central role in various text-processing activities and has received extensive attention for measuring semantic similarity between compared sentences. However, relatively little focus has been placed on evaluating clustering performance using available similarity measures that adopt low-dimensional continuous representations. Such representations are crucial in domains like sentence clustering, where traditional word co-occurrence representations often achieve poor results when clustering semantically similar sentences that share no common words. This article presents a new implementation that incorporates a sentence similarity measure based on the notion of embedding representation for evaluating the performance of three types of text clustering methods: partitional clustering, hierarchical clustering, and fuzzy clustering, on standard textual datasets. This measure derives its semantic information from pre-training models designed to simulate human knowledge about words in natural language. The article also compares the performance of the used similarity measure by training it on two state-of-the-art pre-training models to investigate which yields better results. We argue that the superior performance of the selected clustering methods stems from their more effective use of the semantic information offered by this embedding-based similarity measure. Furthermore, we use hierarchical clustering, the best-performing method, for a text summarization task and report the results. The implementation in this article demonstrates that incorporating the sentence embedding measure leads to significantly improved performance in both text clustering and text summarization tasks.
Reassessment of pore occlusion in some diatom taxa with re-evaluation of Placoneis Mereschkowsky (Bacillariophyceae: Cymbellales) and description of two new genera
Authors: Mironov Andrei , Glushchenko Anton , Maltsev Yevhen , Genkal Sergey , Kuznetsova Irina , Kociolek John Patrick , Liu Yan , Kulikovskiy Maxim
Published: May 2024

In this article, the history and taxonomy of Placoneis gastrum, the type species of the genus Placoneis, was discussed. We investigated the structure of pore occlusions in Placoneis and related genera. As a result, we propose a new classification for tectulum-like types of pore occlusions. The new classification is congruent with previously-published and newly-constructed phylogenies based on molecular data. Based on the different structures of the pore occlusions, species of Placoneis are transferred to Witkowskia gen. nov. Hence, 168 new combinations are introduced. A new diatom species, with a similar morphology to Placoneis flabellata, was discovered in Bắc Kạn Province, Vietnam. It is described in this article as Chudaevia densistriata sp. nov. Placoneis flabellata is transferred to Chudaevia gen. nov. We also illustrate Placoneis flabellata herein and compare it to Chudaevia densistriata sp. nov. An unknown diatom, similar to Placoneis coloradensis, was discovered in Chukotka, Russia. It is introduced as Placoneis elinae sp. nov. below. Additionally, we discuss the distribution of some species of Witkowskia gen. nov. and Chudaevia gen. nov.
O PRONAF no estado do Rio Grande do Sul: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Noskoski Luís Eduardo Carvalho , Costa Nilson Luiz da , Oliveira Gabriel Nunes de , Dalcin Menigui Spanevello , Mabetana Kima Paulo Frederico
Published: May 2024

Desde sua institucionalização, o Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF), se consolidou como o principal instrumento de política pública de apoio à agricultura familiar brasileira, possibilitando aos pequenos produtores investimentos, aumentando o volume produzido e os inserindo em mercados locais, regionais e globais. Além disso, o PRONAF é uma das políticas agrícolas mais pesquisadas no Brasil. Assim, o presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar o que vem sendo mostrado pelas pesquisas atuais sobre o PRONAF e como as políticas de financiamento do programa estão sendo efetivamente implementadas pelos agricultores familiares no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir da revisão sistemática da literatura na base de dados do Portal de Periódicos Capes, Scielo e Scopus, com recorte temporal dos últimos cinco anos, permitindo catalogar 13 artigos recentes discorrendo sobre o tema.  A análise do PRONAF no estado do Rio Grande do Sul revelou sua atual tendência de financiar tanto a diversificação das produções quanto a expansão de monoculturas na agricultura familiar. Contudo, observou-se uma predominância do financiamento para a produção de commodities, o que embora beneficie alguns agricultores familiares, não atende adequadamente à heterogeneidade da classe produtora. Conclui-se que uma readequação da política pública é necessária para garantir benefícios equitativos a todos os agricultores familiares, destacando a necessidade de políticas que promovam a diversificação dos mercados para fortalecer os agricultores não inseridos nos mercados globais.
Effect of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Lantana camara on Fasting Blood Glucose, Body Weight and Kidney Function Indices of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: Bobson Promise-Godsfavour Mfon , Afangideh Elijah Udo , Okon Okon Effiong , Akpan Mercy Okon , Tom Ekaete Joseph , Usen Rosemary Francis
Published: May 2024

The study was aimed at investigating the effect of ethanol leaf extract of Lantana camara on the fasting blood glucose, body weight and kidney function indices of alloxan-induced diabetic albino Wistar rats. Thirty male albino Wistar rats of weight 100-181 g were randomly assigned six groups of five rats each. Group 1 served as normal control. Group 2-6 animals were induced with 150 mg/kg body weight (B.W) of alloxan monohydrate intraperitoneally. Fasting blood glucose was checked 72hrs after induction and animals with blood glucose 200mg/dl and above were considered diabetic. Group 3 was treated with 50 mg/kg B.W of glibenclamide. Group 4,5 and 6 were orally treated with 600, 800 and 1000 mg/kg B.W of Lantana camara extract respectively for 21days. Blood sample was obtained by tail puncture to check glucose levels weekly with the use of glucometer. Animals treated with 600, 800 and 1000 mg/kg B.W of the extract showed significant decrease (P<0.05) in blood glucose, creatinine, urea and uric acid compared to untreated diabetic animals. Body weight of treated groups increased significantly (P<0.05) compared to the untreated group. The results obtained were synonymous to the glibenclamide treated group. This suggests that the extract possess antidiabetic potential and could be used in the management of diabetes.
Development of Functional Dairy Spread
Authors: Pavithra S  , Praveen A R  , Devaraju R  , Shilpashree B G  , Malashree L  , Arun Kumar H
Published: May 2024

Aims: The study aimed to develop functional dairy spread that is spreadable at refrigeration temperature and low in fat content.
Study Design: Development of functional dairy spread and its analysis.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Dairy Technology, Dairy Science College, Hebbal, Bengaluru, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar, Karnataka, India. Between June 2023 and April 2024.
Methodology: Ingredients for the functional dairy spread were optimized through sensory analysis by a panel using a 9-point hedonic scale. The optimized spread was then analysed for its techno-functional attributes and microbiological quality.
Results: The optimized dairy spread contained skim milk powder (14%), whey protein concentrate (4%), and salt (1%), with cream, flaxseed oil, sunflower oil, carboxymethyl cellulose, and glycerol monostearate as constant ingredients. The spice blend of ginger, garlic, coriander, and white pepper powder was optimized at 2%. The optimized functional dairy spread had 30.20% fat, 7.46% protein, and 53.2% moisture, with total solids at 47.6% and ash at 2.57%. Acidity was 0.42% LA, viscosity was 123 cP, and the hardness index was 0.47 mm. Water activity was 0.932, spreadability was 1.6 cm/hr, and colour measured at L* 87.32, a* -1.65, b* 16.05. Coliforms, yeast and molds, staphylococci, and lipolytic counts were all nil.
Conclusion: The developed product exhibited excellent spreadability at refrigeration temperature and had a low fat content while being functional spread.
Nanoscale Semiconductor “X” on Substrate “Y” – Processes, Devices, and Applications
Authors: Madsen Morten , Takei Kuniharu , Kapadia Rehan , Fang Hui , Ko Hyunhyub , Takahashi Toshitake , Ford Alexandra C. , Lee Min Hyung , Javey Ali
Published: June 2011

Recent advancements in the integration of nanoscale, single‐crystalline semiconductor ‘X’ on substrate ‘Y’ (XoY) for use in transistor and sensor applications are presented. XoY is a generic materials framework for enabling the fabrication of various novel devices, without the constraints of the original growth substrates. Two specific XoY process schemes, along with their associated materials, device and applications are presented. In one example, the layer transfer of ultrathin III–V semiconductors with thicknesses of just a few nanometers on Si substrates is explored for use as energy‐efficient electronics, with the fabricated devices exhibiting excellent electrical properties. In the second example, contact printing of nanowire‐arrays on thin, bendable substrates for use as artificial electronic‐skin is presented. Here, the devices are capable of conformably covering any surface, and providing a real‐time, two‐dimensional mapping of external stimuli for the realization of smart functional surfaces. This work is an example of the emerging field of “translational nanotechnology” as it bridges basic science of nanomaterials with practical applications.
Residual activity and proteasomal degradation of p.Ser298Pro sulfamidase identified in patients with a mild clinical phenotype of Sanfilippo A syndrome
Authors: Muschol Nicole , Pohl Sandra , Meyer Ann , Gal Andreas , Ullrich Kurt , Braulke Thomas
Published: June 2011

Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS IIIA, Sanfilippo syndrome) is a fatal inherited lysosomal storage disease accompanied by progressive neurologic degeneration. The gene underlying MPS IIIA, SGSH, encodes a lysosomal enzyme, N‐sulfoglucosamine sulfohydrolase (sulfamidase). Mutational analysis of a large cohort of MPS IIIA patients showed a correlation of the missense mutation p.Ser298Pro and a slowly progressive course of the disease. We report here on the expression of the mutant p.Ser298Pro sulfamidase in BHK cells retaining low residual activity. Pulse‐chase experiments showed that rapid degradation is responsible for the low steady state level of the mutant protein. Processing and secretion of p.Ser298Pro sulfamidase suggests that small amounts of the newly synthesized enzyme are transported to lysosomes. Most of the mutant sulfamidase exits the endoplasmic reticulum for proteasomal degradation. The ability to predict the clinical course of MPS IIIA in patients with the p.Ser298Pro mutation, as well as the residual enzymatic activity, and the reduced stability of the mutant sulfamidase suggest that this subgroup of patients is especially well suited to early sulfamidase replacement therapy or treatment with selective pharmacological chaperones. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymerization shrinkage, stress, and degree of conversion in silorane‐ and dimethacrylate‐based dental composites
Authors: Xiong Jie , Sun Xiang , Li Yuncong , Chen Jihua
Published: June 2011

To compare two kind of resin‐based dental composites, the polymerization shrinkage, contraction stress (CS), and degree of conversion (DC) of four dimethacrylate‐based and one silorane‐based composite were investigated. To determine shrinkage, the composites were packed, respectively, into a cylindrical cavity in human teeth and imaged using X‐ray microcomputed tomography to determine the precise volume before and 30 min after photopolymerization. To determine CS, the sample was applied in a similarly sized cylinder in a universal testing machine and monitored for 30 min. FTIR spectroscopy was used to determine DC. The volumetric shrinkage (range: 1.1–3.1%) and maximum CS (range: 1.2–3.5 MPa) differed significantly among the tested composites but not the final DC (range: 62.3–69.1%). The silorane‐based composite displayed the lowest volumetric shrinkage and CS of all composites. No correlation was observed between the stress and volumetric shrinkage values of the dimethacrylate‐based composites. A moderate correlation was found between stress and DC (r = 0.836), which was significant at 20 and 40 s. The silorane‐based composite exhibited superior shrinkage behavior compared with conventional dimethacrylate composites with comparable polymerization kinetics. The CS was dependent on multiple variables, including the volumetric shrinkage, DC, and curing rate. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Organocatalytic Approach for the Syntheses of Corynantheidol, Dihydrocorynantheol, Protoemetinol, Protoemetine, and Mitragynine
Authors: Sun Xuefeng , Ma Dawei
Published: June 2011

O‐Trimethylsilyl (TMS)‐protected diphenylprolinol‐catalyzed Michael addition of a functionalized alkylidene malonate and n‐butanal affords an aldehyde. This adduct can serve as the common intermediate for the assembly of secologanin tryptamine and dopamine alkaloids; this is demonstrated by the total syntheses of corynantheidol, dihydrocorynantheol, protoemetinol, and protoemetine, and the formal synthesis of mitragynine. The key steps include reductive amination of this aldehyde with tryptamine, condensation of this aldehyde with 4‐methoxytryptamine, condensation of dimethoxyphenethylamine with a lactone derived from this aldehyde, and subsequent Bischler–Napieralski cyclization and reduction.
The resource footprint of biobased products: a key issue in the sustainable development of biorefineries
Authors: De Meester Steven , Callewaert Chris , De Mol Erwin , Van Langenhove Herman , Dewulf Jo
Published: June 2011

The multifunctionality of bioresources is a major opportunity for the future; it offers the ability to replace fossil‐related market demands in a carbon neutral way. However, the switchover to a biobased economy faces two main challenges in comparison with the current fossil‐based situation: biofeedstock requires an intensive cultivation step and furthermore there is a certain competition with the food chain which limits the amount of land available for new markets. So whilst biomass is seen as a ‘renewable’ resource, it is definitely not ‘gratuite’, inducing the need of an efficient cultivation and valorization. In this paper, a case study is executed to highlight that biorefining feedstock into a wide range of products is a thermodynamically efficient (81.1%) way of processing all molecules of the bioresources for specific purposes in different segments of the market demand. On the other hand, it is demonstrated in the second part of the paper that replacing fossils requires a certain amount of inputs from the Earth's crust causing additional thermodynamic losses in the production chain (15.3% efficient), which are quantified based on the resource footprint of the Cumulative Exergy Extracted from the Natural Environment (CEENE) methodology. A scenario assessment demonstrates the resulting tradeoff between the carbon footprint of bioproducts and the land, water, and minerals footprint; in the case study executed, 27% fossil resources are saved at the cost of 93% extra land, water and mineral input from the natural environment. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Polyphenolic Glycosides and Aglycones Utilize Opposing Pathways To Selectively Remodel and Inactivate Toxic Oligomers of Amyloid β
Authors: Ladiwala Ali Reza A. , Mora‐Pale Mauricio , Lin Jason C. , Bale Shyam Sundhar , Fishman Zachary S. , Dordick Jonathan S. , Tessier Peter M.
Published: June 2011

Substantial evidence suggests that soluble prefibrillar oligomers of the Aβ42 peptide associated with Alzheimer's disease are the most cytotoxic aggregated Aβ isoform. Limited previous work has revealed that aromatic compounds capable of remodeling Aβ oligomers into nontoxic conformers typically do so by converting them into off‐pathway aggregates instead of dissociating them into monomers. Towards identifying small‐molecule antagonists capable of selectively dissociating toxic Aβ oligomers into soluble peptide at substoichiometric concentrations, we have investigated the pathways used by polyphenol aglycones and their glycosides to remodel Aβ soluble oligomers. We find that eleven polyphenol aglycones of variable size and structure utilize the same remodeling pathway whereby Aβ oligomers are rapidly converted into large, off‐pathway aggregates. Strikingly, we find that glycosides of these polyphenols all utilize a distinct remodeling pathway in which Aβ oligomers are rapidly dissociated into soluble, disaggregated peptide. This disaggregation activity is a synergistic combination of the aglycone and glycone moieties because combinations of polyphenols and sugars fail to disaggregate Aβ oligomers. We also find that polyphenolic glycosides and aglycones use the same opposing pathways to remodel Aβ fibrils. Importantly, both classes of polyphenols fail to remodel nontoxic Aβ oligomers (which are indistinguishable in size and morphology to Aβ soluble oligomers) or promote aggregation of freshly disaggregated Aβ peptide; thus revealing that they are specific for remodeling toxic Aβ conformers. We expect that these and related small molecules will be powerful chemical probes for investigating the conformational and cellular underpinnings of Aβ‐mediated toxicity.
Sequence‐Controlled Oligomers Fold into Nanosolenoids and Impart Unusual Optical Properties
Authors: Shaller Andrew D. , Wang Wei , Li Aixiao , Moyna Guillermo , Han Jason J. , Helms Gregory L. , Li Alexander D. Q.
Published: June 2011

Controlled syntheses give unique block oligomers with alternating flexible ethylene glycol and rigid perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PDI) units. The number of rigid units vary from n=1 to 10. PDI units were stitched together by using efficient phosphoramidite chemistry. The resulting oligomers undergo folding in most solvents, including chloroform. In their ground state, these folded oligomers were characterized by using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR‐MS), NMR spectroscopy, and electronic absorption spectroscopy. FTICR‐MS revealed the exact masses of these sequence‐controlled oligomers, which confirmed the chemical composition and validated the synthetic strategy. The NMR neighboring ring‐current effect (NRE) indicates the formation of cofacial π stacks; the stacked aromatic rings have nearly coaxial alignment akin to a nanosoleniod. Nanosolenoidal shielding in π stacks causes all aromatic protons to shift upfield, whereas NOE in a cyclic hetero‐chromophoric dimer supports a rotated, cofacial π‐stacking orientation separated by about 3.5 Å. Electron–phonon coupling is much stronger than excitonic coupling in these self‐folded PDI oligomers; thus, Franck–Condon factors dictate the observed spectral features in visible spectra. The absorbance spectrum exhibits weak hypochromism due to π stacking with increasing stacking units n. Finally, ab initio calculations support the experimental observations, indicating 3.5 Å cofacial spacing in which one molecule is rotated 30° from the eclipsed orientation and higher oligomers can adopt, without a compensating energy penalty, either the right/left‐handed helices or the 1,3‐eclipsed structures. Both theory and experiments validate the nano‐π‐solenoids and their novel photophysical properties.
DNA‐Templated Photonic Arrays and Assemblies: Design Principles and Future Opportunities
Authors: Su Wu , Bonnard Vanessa , Burley Glenn A.
Published: June 2011

Molecular photonics is a rapidly developing and multi‐disciplinary field of research involving the construction of molecular assemblies comprising photoactive building blocks that are responsive to a light stimulus. A salient challenge in this field is the controlled assembly of these building blocks with nanoscale precision. DNA exhibits considerable promise as an architecture for the templated assembly of photoactive materials. In this Concept Article we describe the progress that has been made in the area of DNA photonics, in which DNA acts as a platform for the construction of optoelectronic assemblies, thin films and devices.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Form of LiNbO3 with a Lamellar Structure Showing Reversible Lithium Intercalation.
Authors: Pralong V. , Reddy M. Anji , Caignaert V. , Malo S. , Lebedev O. I. , Varadaraju U. V. , Raveau B.
Published: June 2011

LiNbO3 with a lamellar structure is synthesized from a mixture of CuNbO3 and eutectic LiCl/LiNO3 (280 °C, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: The Bis(hydrogenheptaphosphide)iron(II) Dianion: A Zintl Ion Analogue of Ferrocene?
Authors: Knapp Caroline M. , Large Joseph S. , Rees Nicholas H. , Goicoechea Jose M.
Published: June 2011

The new compound (III) crystallizes in the triclinic space group P$\bar 1$ with Z = 1 (single crystal XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Raising the Spin of Fe7III Disklike Clusters: The Power of Molecular Spin Frustration.
Authors: Mukherjee Shreya , Bagai Rashmi , Abboud Khalil A. , Christou George
Published: June 2011

Compound (II)·2MeOH·0.5H2O crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group I222 with Z = 8 and (IV)·2Me2CO·0.5Et2O in the monoclinic space group C2/c with Z = 8.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetically Recoverable SiO2‐Coated Fe3O4 Nanoparticles: A New Platform for Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Aromatic Ketones in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Sun Yunqiang , Liu Guohua , Gu Hongyuan , Huang Tianzeng , Zhang Yuli , Li Hexing
Published: June 2011

A chiral rhodium catalyst anchored on SiO2‐coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles is synthesized, which exhibits excellent catalytic activity and enantioselectivity in asymmetric transfer hydrogenation reactions of aryl methyl ketones in aqueous medium.
ChemInform Abstract: Amphiphilic Allylation of Activated Alkenes by Allyl Acetates and Allylstannanes Catalyzed by Palladium Nanoparticles: An Easy Access to Stereodefined Substituted Cyclohexene Derivatives.
Authors: Adak Laksmikanta , Bhadra Sukalyan , Chattopadhyay Kalicharan , Ranu Brindaban C.
Published: June 2011

The one‐pot bis‐allylation of activated alkenes such as (I), (IX), or (XI) produces 1,7‐octadiene derivatives, which undergo metathesis reactions to give cyclohexenes such as (V) or (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Chloro‐β‐amino‐N‐sulfinyl Imidates as Chiral Building Blocks.
Authors: Colpaert Filip , Mangelinckx Sven , De Brabandere Stijn , De Kimpe Norbert
Published: June 2011

Coupling of imidate (I) with aldimines or α‐amido sulfones allows highly diastereoselective access (< 92% ds) to optically active α‐chloro‐β‐amino‐N‐sulfinyl imidates.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction Between N‐Isocyaniminotriphenylphosphorane, Aldimines, Meldrum′s Acid and Water: Diastereoselective Synthesis of 3,4‐Disubstituted N‐Aminopyrrolidine‐2,5‐diones.
Authors: Adib Mehdi , Ansari Samira , Bijanzadeh Hamid Reza
Published: June 2011

The title reaction proceeds under mild conditions and gives the synthetically important succinimides diastereoselectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Nitrene Transfer to Activated Alkynes: Formation of α,β‐Unsaturated Amidines.
Authors: Li Chaoqun , Zhang Liming
Published: June 2011

Intermolecular nitrene transfer to alkynes with reagents (II) proceeds with poor E/Z‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Click‐Reagent Version of Sonogashira Coupling Protocol to Conjugated Fluorescent Alkynes with No or Reduced Homocoupling.
Authors: Bag Subhendu Sekhar , Kundu Rajen , Das Manas
Published: June 2011

The title reaction allows a highly efficient access to various diarylalkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Influence of Geminal Disubstitution on Samarium Diiodide Induced Reductive Cyclizations of γ‐Aryl Ketones.
Authors: Niermann Andre , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich
Published: June 2011

Geminal disubstitution at the β‐ and γ‐position of the alkyl chain of γ‐aryl ketones significantly increases the yield compared to unsubstituted ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium or Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Aryl Addition/Intramolecular Lactonization of Phthalaldehyde with Potassium Organotrifluoroborates to Access 3‐Arylphthalides.
Authors: Luo Fang , Pan Shen , Pan Changduo , Qian Pengcheng , Cheng Jiang
Published: June 2011

Title synthesis of a wide range of arylphthalides (III) and (V) proceeds smoothly in the presence of Rh(II)—dppe or Pd(II)—trinaphthylphosphine catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Photoisomerization of Diarylcyclobutenes.
Authors: Raster Peter , Weiss Stefan , Hilt Gerhard , Koenig Burkhard
Published: June 2011

Photoisomerizable fused cyclobutene derivatives (V) and (VII) are readily prepared by Sonogashira coupling of alkyne (I) with iodides (II) followed by cobalt‐catalyzed [2 + 2] cycloaddition of resulting alkynes (III) with cyclic alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Trifluoroacetyl Aminoindoles as Useful Intermediates for the Preparation of 2‐Acylamino Indoles.
Authors: Mangette John E. , et al. et al.
Published: June 2011

Regioselective chlorination of indoles (I) at the 2‐position and subsequent amidation affords 2‐trifluoroacetyl amino indoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylations of Heteroaromatics Using More Eco‐Compatible Solvents Pentan‐1‐ol or 3‐Methylbutan‐1‐ol.
Authors: Bensaid Souhila , Laidaoui Nouria , El Abed Douniazad , Kacimi Soufi , Doucet Henri
Published: June 2011

The reaction of various aryl bromides with thiazoles or imidazoles proceeds in 1‐pentanol [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Bromosuccinimide (NBS): A Novel and Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of 14‐Aryl‐14H‐dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Habibzadeh Setareh , Ghasemnejad Hassan , Faraji Mohammad
Published: June 2011

The main advantages of the present protocol are mild, clean, and environmentally benign reaction conditions, as well as high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring‐Closing Metathesis Approach to Heteroaromatic Cations: Synthesis of Benzo[a]quinolizinium Salts.
Authors: Nunez Ana , Abarca Beatriz , Cuadro Ana M. , Alvarez‐Builla Julio , Vaquero Juan J.
Published: June 2011

Benzo[a]quinolizinium systems such as (II) are prepared by three different approaches, each based on a ring‐closing metathesis reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Pyrimidines via Cyclocondensation of β‐Bromovinyl Aldehydes with Amidine Hydrochlorides.
Authors: Yan Shengjiao , Tang Yajuan , Yu Fuchao , Lin Jun
Published: June 2011

A 21‐membered library of pyrimidines is prepared by the present protocol.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Biological Activity of Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidin‐7(4H)‐ones as Novel Kv7/KCNQ Potassium Channel Activators.
Authors: Zhang Hailin , et al. et al.
Published: June 2011

Compound (IIIb) is found to be a novel potent, and selective KCNQ 2/3 potassium channel opener.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel and Efficient Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Linked Medium‐Ring Biaryls.
Authors: Kenwirght Jayne L. , Galloway Warren R. J. D. , Blackwell David T. , Isidro‐Llobet Albert , Hodgkinson James , Wortmann Lars , Bowden Steven D. , Welch Martin , Spring David R.
Published: June 2011

A new strategy for the synthesis of rare nitrogen‐linked eight‐membered biaryl ring systems is based on the generation of a highly active intramolecular form of copper.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and anti‐Mycobacterial Activity of Novel Amino Alcohol Derivatives.
Authors: Cunico Wilson , Gomes Claudia R. B. , Ferreira Maria L. G. , Ferreira Thais G. , Cardinot Danielle , de Souza Marcus V. N. , Lourenco Maria C. S.
Published: June 2011

The title compounds (I) exhibit antibacterial activity against M.
ChemInform Abstract: Spirodiketopiperazine‐Based CCR5 Antagonist: Discovery of an Antiretroviral Drug Candidate.
Authors: Nishizawa Rena , et al. et al.
Published: June 2011

Isomeric spirodiketopiperazines are separately synthesized as potential orally‐available anti‐HIV drug candidates.
ChemInform Abstract: The Promoting Effect of Lanthanum in Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Rangel Maria do Carmo , Santos Manuela de Santana , Marchetti Sergio Gustavo
Published: June 2011

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