bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Necrotizing Fasciitis Rapidly Diagnosed by Aspiration Cytology
Authors: Hirokawa Mitsuyoshi , Manabe Toshiaki , Takasu Nobukatsu
Published: December 2008

A case of necrotizing fasciitis caused by beta hemolytic streptococci is reported. A 66‐year‐old man was admitted because of pain and swelling in the right buttock. Rapid application of aspiration cytology made it possible to diagnose necrotizing fasciitis with bacterial infection. Unfortunately, however, the patient died of cardiac arrest due to hyperpotassemia 11 h after admission. Mortality from this disease is most often related to failure in recognizing it early. Rapid diagnosis and early treatment is mandatory in order to save the patients’life. We emphasize the usefulness of rapid aspiration cytology, despite the unfortunate outcome in the present case. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 567 572, 1991.
Morphometric Studies for Objective Diagnosis of Intraductal Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: Tajima Yasuo , Ishige Hideo , Kondo Yoichiro
Published: December 2008

In order to obtain objective histologic criteria for distinguishing intraductal carcinomas of the breast from benign intraductal hyperplasia, a morphometric study was carried out on 15 cases of breast carcinoma (5 cases of comedo carcinoma, S cribriform carcinoma and 5 papillotubular carcinoma) and 10 benign control lesions (5 papilloma and 5 fibrocystic disease). Morphometric analysis was performed for each group with regard to 1) mean nuclear area, 2) mean nucleolar size, 3) mitotic index, and 4) nuclear count within predefined area (nuclear density) in histologic specimens. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Mean nuclear area for comedo carcinoma was distinctively large. This, together with its coefficiency variance, may be a good indicator for identifying this type of carcinoma. 2) Mean nucleolar size was significantly larger in each carcinoma group than in their benign counterparts. Nucleolar size was therefore considered to be the most reliable parameter for discriminating malignant cells from benign hyperplasia. 3) Mitotic index was relatively high in comedo and papillotubular carcinomas. 4) No difference was seen in nuclear density between the malignant and benign groups. In addition to the major criteria, combined application of these morphometric indicators might also be helpful for practical histologic assessment. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 604‐609, 1991.
Primary Malignant Lymphoma of the Rectum with Diagnostic Problems
Authors: Kurihara Kenji , Mizuseki Kiyoshi , Iwashita Akinori , Ichikawa Mikio , Kajiwara Shinsuke , Ohtoshi Masahiro
Published: December 2008

We present two similar cases of rectal B‐cell lymphoma with diagnostic problems. Grossly, both tumors appeared as a well demarcated polypoid mass with eroded mucosa. In spite of their histologic resemblance to reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, Including the presence of lymph follicles, fibrosis and polyclonal plasma cells, both cases were diagnosed as malignant lymphoma of low‐grade malignancy because of the full‐thickness involvement of the rectum with diffusely infiltrated small or medium‐sized lymphoid cells showing rare mitoses. In one case, clonal proliferation of differentiated B cells was demonstrated by analysis of gene rearrangement. Therapeutic problems related to low‐grade malignant lymphoma in the rectum are also discussed. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 623‐628, 1991.
Focal Segmental Glomerular Hyalinosis and/or Sclerosis in Rats with Congenital Unilateral Hydronephrosis
Authors: Ishitobi Fumio , Sagiya Atsushi , Oka Kazuo , Ueda Yoshihiko , Takimoto Toshiro , Ono Yuko , Kanaya Hiroaki , Yaguchi Tadashi , Lidaka Kazunari , Tauchi Kiyonori
Published: December 2008

Focal segmental glomerular hyalinosis and/or sclerosis (FSHS) was observed in five Wistar‐Imamichi rats with congenital unilateral hydronephrosis (CUH rats). Marked proteinuria (164.9+138.4mg/day) was observed in the CUH rats. Immunoperoxidase staining for IgM, C3 and IgG was positive in the glomerull, showing in a focal, segmental pattern that corresponded to the areas of FSHS seen by light microscopy. These glomerular findings were extremely similar to those of human focal glomerular sclerosis (FGS). FSHS was found to be common to both the hydronephrotic kidney and the contralateral kidney without hydronephrosis. Morphometry revealed that the glomerular area of the juxtamedullary glomeruli was greater than that of superficial glomeruli in control rats (11,037 μm2 vs. 6,847 μm2). On the other hand, glomerular hypertrophy was observed in non‐sclerotic glomeruli of CUH rats (superficial glomeruli; 12,477–16,123 μm2, juxtamedullary glomeruli; 14,635–18,418 μm2). Also, a decreased in the number of glomeruli within the range 1.8‐4.1 per unit area (1 mm2) was seen in CUH rats compared with control rats (mean 4.4). These results suggest that the increased rate of development of FSHS is based on hyperfiltration in the remaining functional nephrons. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 653–660, 1991.
Viral DNA Detected by In Situ Hybridization in the Developing Mouse Brain Infected with Murine Cytomegalovirus
Authors: Nagahama Masato , Kashiwai Akiko , Kadota Chika , Tsutsui Yoshihiro
Published: December 2008

To investigate the pathogenesis of brain abnormalities caused by congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, we previously reported experimental murine models of brain damage induced by intraventricular injection of murine CMV (MCMV) at the late stage of gestation. In the present study, viral DNA‐positive cells in the damaged brain at different postnatal stages detected by in situ hybridization were compared with viral antigen‐positive cells detected by an immunoperoxidase method using a monoclonal antibody against the immediate early antigen. At birth, the number of viral DNA‐positive cells almost equalled that of viral antigen‐positive cells. Seven to ten days after birth, the number of viral DNA‐positive cells in the brain of MCMV‐injected mice was one‐fifth that of viral antigen‐positive cells. Viral DNA‐positive cells were more numerous in the hippocampus than in the cortex, and their density was dependent on the presence of viral antigen‐positive cells. Dotted reaction products were observed in the nuclei of viral DNA‐positive cells. These cells were rarely detected in lesions of later stages such as atrophy of the cortex and hippocampus, or the wall of the cystic lesions. These results suggest that viral DNA‐positive cells detected by in situ hybridization are infected cells in which viral DNA replication is occurring actively. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 661–667, 1991.
Use of Patients' Sera for Immunoperoxidase Demonstration of Infectious Agents in Paraffin Sections
Authors: Tsutsumi Yutaka , Kawai Kenji , Nagakura Kouichi
Published: December 2008

Using patients' sera diluted from 1: 10 to 1: 1,000 as the primary antibodies in indirect immunoperoxidase staining, the authors visualized a variety of infectious agents in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue sections. The target lesions included 1) pyoderma caused by Staphylococcus aureus, 2) cryptococcal infection, 3) dermal sporotrichosis, 4) colon ulcer caused by amebic dysentery, 5) cutaneous leishmaniasis, and 6) chronic liver abscess containing ova of Ascaris lumbricoides. The infectious agents were clearly identified in the respective lesions. Paraffin sections of other kinds of infectious lesions served as controls to clarify the specificity of the immunostaining. While the sera of patients with bacterial and fungal infection showed a wide range of cros‐reactivity against bacteria and/or fungi, those with parasitic infection exhibited a relatively good specificity for the pathogen. Almost no immunoreactivity of endogenous human IgG in the paraffin sections was demonstrated under the conditions of this study. This approach can be used in diagnostic pathology, particularly when specific heteroantisera or monoclonal antibodies are unavailable. Acta Pathol Jpn 41 : 673–679, 1991.
Melanocytic Schwa n no ma in the Spinal Canal
Authors: Hisaoka Masanori , Ohta Hideki , Haratakel Joji , Horie Akio
Published: December 2008

A case of melanocytic schwannoma, a rare form of schwannian neoplasm, in the thoracolumbar spinal canal of a 52‐year‐old man is presented. Histopathologically, the tumor was composed of irregularly interlacing spindle‐shaped cells showing cystic degeneration, with occasional pigmented tumor cells. The tumor cells showed a low degree of nuclear pleomorphism without any mitotic figures. These histological features were considered to be consistent with a benign schwannian tumor showing pigmentation. Most of the pigments were considered to be melanin histochemically and immunohistochemically. According to the pathological features of the present tumor and those described previously in the literature, the neoplastic Schwann cells were assumed to have melanogenetic capacity, and the concept of the common neural crest origin of Schwann cells and melanocytes appeared to be demonstrated in the present tumor. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 685–688, 1991.
Myxoid Leiomyosarcoma of the Kidney Accompanying Ipsilateral Ureteral Transitional Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report with Cytological, Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Study
Authors: Yokose Tomoyuki , Fukuda Hiroshi , Ogiwara Akira , Sakai Kunihiko , Saitoh Kiyoshi
Published: December 2008

The authors report a case of myxoid leiomyosarcoma of the kidney accompanying ipsilateral ureteral transitional cell carcinoma. A 74‐year‐old male patient complained of turbid urine and macroscopic hematuria. He also complained of left back pain, appetite loss and weight loss. Computed tomography revealed a large mass in the left retroperitoneum. Urine cytology disclosed two types of malignant cells, atypical spindle‐shaped cells and transitional cell carcinoma. Left total nephro‐ureterectomy was performed. The left kidney was occupied by a 6X4X4 cm, multinodular and mucinous tumor. A transitional cell carcinoma of the left ureter was also observed. The renal tumor was composed of atypical spindle‐shaped cells in the mucinous stroma, which showed positive immunoreactivity for anti‐muscle‐specific actin and anti‐desmin antibodies. The ultrastructural examination revealed intracytoplasmic microfilaments with dense bodies, pinocytotic vesicles and junctional structure. These findings were suggestive of the myogenic feature of the case. Urine cytology revealed a number of sarcoma cells in this case since the sarcoma cells markedly invaded the renal pelvis and were apt to separate individually in myxoid stroma. Simultaneous and ipsilateral double malignancies of the renal sarcoma and ureteral transitional cell carcinoma have never been reported in the literature. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 694–700, 1991.
Effects of Alkyl Alcohols and Related Chemicals on Rat Liver Structure and Function
Authors: Adachi Kayo , Wakabayashi Takashi , Popinigis Jerzy
Published: December 2008

Functional changes of mitochondria in the liver obtained from rats given 32% ethanol, 32% propanol and 6.9% butanol in drinking water for up to 3 months were investigated. Animals were also fed a liquid diet containing ethanol for comparison. Results obtained were as follows: 1) Animals given ethanol in drinking water consumed twice as much ethanol daily as those fed a liquid diet containing ethanol, while ultrastructural changes of hepatic mitochondria were essentially the same between the former and the latter animals: the co‐existence of mega‐mitochondria and small mitochondria with poorly developed cristae. 2) Effects of alkyl alcohols tested on the respiratory rates and coupling efficiency of mitochondria were variable, depending on the kind of alkyl alcohols, the duration of experiments and oxidizable substrates used. 3) There was essentially no difference between the heavy and the light mitochondrial fractions obtained from alkyl alcohol‐treated rat livers in terms of respiratory rates and coupling efficiencies. 4) Decreases in the content of cytochrome aa3 and the activity of cytochrome oxidase, and increases in MEOS activity were most distinct in ethanol treated rat livers. A possible role of chronic relative oxygen deficiency inside the hepatocyte caused by the metabolization of alkyl alcohols is discussed in order to interpret such peculiar ultrastructural changes of mitochondria. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 414–427, 1991.
Morphological and Functional Comparison of Subcapsular Small Cells, Subcapsular Large Cells and Inner Layer Cells of Bovine Adrenal Cortex
Authors: Yonemitsu Nobuhisa , Toda Shuji , Takatori Osamu , Miyabara Shinichi , Sugihara Hajime
Published: December 2008

Subcapsular small cortical cells (SC cells) and subcapsular large cortical cells (LC cells) of bovine adrenal cortex were cultured separately after purification by unit gravity sedimentation, and then compared with inner half layer cells (IL cells) prepared by the same method. Both SC and LC cells were polygonal in shape and their mitochondria were elongated with lamellar cristae. SC cells became as large as LC cells on day 6 of culture with increased cytoplasmic lipid droplets, whereas IL cells showed no change in size. IL cells were spindle‐shaped and had mitochondria with tubulovesicular cristae. Both SC and LC cells produced 11β deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone, aldosterone and small amounts of 17α hydroxy progesterone (17 α OH Prog) and Cortisol (F). IL cells produced much more 17α‐OH Prog and F than SC or LC cells. When stimulated with ACTH, cortical cells in each group showed cellular retraction and their mitochondria became spherical. The amounts of 17. OH Prog and F increased in all groups, especially in IL cells. These results show that LC cells have similar characteristics to SC cells in both morphology and function, and that they differ from IL cells, which correspond to classical fasciculata reticularis cells. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 428–436, 1991.
Epstein‐Barr Viral Genomes in Carcinoma Metastatic to Lymph Nodes Association with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Ohshima Kohichi , Kikuchi Masahiro , Masuda Yuh‐ichi , Sumiyoshi Yoshiaki , Eguchi Fuyuki , Mohtai Hidehito , Takeshita Morishige , Kimura Nobuhiro
Published: December 2008

Lymphoepithelioma of the nasopharynx is a neoplasm known to have a strong association with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV). Using the Southern blot method, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and/or in situ hybridization, we examined lymph nodes containing metastatic carcinoma, including metastatic lymphoepithelioma, for the presence of EBV genomes in order to determine whether EBV was associated exclusively with lymphoepithelioma. All of six lymph nodes from patients with lymphoepithelioma in the neck were found to have EBV genomes using the above methods. In four of the six cases, the primary site was the nasopharynx, and in the other two no primary site was found. Four of 12 squamous cell carcinomas and one of 18 adenocarcinomas expressed the EBV genome only by PCR, but not by Southern blotting or in situ hybridization, probably due to the presence of latent EBV in lymphocytes. These results indicate that metastatic carcinoma in lymph nodes showing EBV genomes revealed by Southern blotting or in situ hybridization is lymphoepithelioma, and that the nasopharynx is very likely the primary site. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 437–443, 1991.
Ossifying Fibromyxoid Tumor of Soft Parts
Authors: Yoshida Haruhiko , Minamizaki Takeshi , Yumoto Tokichi , Furuse Kiyowo , Nakadera Takashi
Published: December 2008

A histologically uncommon soft‐tissue tumor of the extremities and neck of a 54‐year old male is reported. The solid, bony‐hard tumors occurred at the inner region of the right thigh at 44 years of age with additional tumor formation at the posterior region of the same thigh, at the inner region of the right upper arm and at the neck during the following 10 years. All tumors were located in the deep muscle layer. The neck tumor directly invaded the fifth cervical vertebra and later the upper mediastinum. Histologically, all three tumors of the extremities contained mixed lobular growths of round to fusiform cells with myxoid matrix and an extensive bone formation. The tumor cells showed a small round nucleus and eosinophilic cytoplasm lacking cytoplasmic glycogen. The myxoid matrix was stained significantly by alcian blue and colloidal iron and was digested completely by pretreatment with hyaluronidase. Another major component was mature bone trabeculae showing a dense meshwork throughout the entire tumor with active bone formation toward the periphery. Positive immunostaining was obtained against anti‐vimentin and S‐100 protein antibodies. We suggest that this uncommon tumor can be tentatively distinguished as an ossifying fibromyxoid tumor of soft parts, (an entity defined by Enzinger et al.), differing from other previously described soft‐tissue tumors. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 480–486, 1991.
Seroepidemiology of Herpes Simplex Virus and Restriction Endonuclease Cleavage Analysis of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 in Okinawa
Authors: Yoshitake Hidenori , Iwamasa Teruo , Makino Yoshidai , Fukuda Masatoshi
Published: December 2008

A seroepidemiologic study of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in Okinawa was performed. A total of 423 serum samples were collected from all over Okinawa, and the positivity rate of antibody against HSV was measured using a passive hemagglutination method. The sero positive rate for HSV in age groups of over 40 years was 100%. Seven HSV type 2 (HSV 2) isolates were obtained in Okinawa, and DNA preparations from Vero cells infected with the isolates were analyzed using five restriction endonucleases: Bam HI, Hind III, Kpn I, Bgl II and Eco Rl. Variations in the genomic region were demonstrated in five of the isolates. Such variations have not been reported previously in HSV 2 in mainland Japan. This is the first report of a seroepidemiologic study of HSV and restriction endonuclease cleavage analysis of HSV 2 in Okinawa, is a subtropical island where HSV is endemic. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 24–30, 1991.
An Autopsy Case of Atypical Motor Neuron Disease with Bunina Bodies in the Lower Motor and Subthalamic Neurons
Authors: Takahashi Hitoshi , Ohama Eisaku , Ikuta Fusahiro , Tokiguchi Susumu
Published: December 2008

We report a 37‐year‐old male without any family history of neurological disease who suffered progressive muscular atrophy and sensory impairment of 4 years' duration. Autopsy revealed neuronal loss in the anterior horns of the spinal cord and in the hypoglossal and facial nuclei of the brain stem. The corticospinal tracts of the spinal cord showed only mild degeneration. In addition, there were obvious degenerative lesions manifested by loss of neurons, myelin and axons in the spinal posterior columns, Clarke's column, spinocerebellar tracts and dorsal root ganglia as well as in the subthalamic nucleus, globus pallidus, substantia nigra and cerebellar dentate nucleus. Furthermore, we frequently encountered Bunina bodies not only in the lower motor neurons but also in the subthalamic neurons. We consider this case to be an atypical example of motor neuron disease with features of multisystem degeneration. The fact that Bunina bodies were observed in both lower motor and subthalamic neurons in this case suggests a common etiology of neuronal degeneration in these two different systems. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 46–51, 1991.
Basaloid‐Squamous Carcinoma of the Esophagus with Marked Deposition of Basement Membrane Substance
Authors: Takubo Kaiyo , Mafune Ken‐ichi , Tanaka Yoichi , Miyama Takeshi , Fujita Kichishiro
Published: December 2008

A 71 year old Japanese man with basaloid‐squamous carcinoma of the esophagus is reported. The carcinoma contained basaloid cells, a few small cornified foci, and a large amount of eosinophilic hyaline substance, which reacted positively upon periodic acid Schiff, type IV collagen, and laminin staining. Ultrastructural examination revealed markedly replicated basement membranes (BM). The morphological findings suggested that this tumor secreted abundant BM substance. Small nests of cancer cells were attached to the dysplastic esophageal epithelium. The tumor cells exhibited negative staining for mucin, secretory component, lactoferrin, and carcinoembryonic antigen. These findings, as well as the observed keratini‐zation and attachment between the carcinoma nests and mucosal epithelium, indicate that the tumor originated in the mucosal epithelium of the esophagus. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 59–64, 1991.
Papillary Adenoma of the Lung
Authors: Fukuda Takeaki , Ohnishi Yoshihisa , Kanai Itaru , Emura Iwao , Watanabe Toru , Kitazawa Mikio , Okamura Akiharu
Published: December 2008

Two cases of papillary adenoma of the lung are presented along with results of histological and ultrastructural examinations. The tumors were encountered in two asymptomatic patients in a mass‐survey chest X‐ray examination. The chest X ray films showed the tumors as well demarcated small lesions. Histologically, both tumors arose in the bronchioles and consisted of cuboidal cells resembling type II pneumocytes showing papillary growth with accompanying edematous connective tissue. Several tumor cells each possessed a large eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion. In case 1, ciliated cells and Clara‐like cells were also present in the tumor. Ultrastructurally, most of the tumor cells had various numbers of lamellar bodies in their cytoplasm, indicative of type II pneumocytes, and some of case 1 showed features of Clara cells and ciliated cells. The intranuclear inclusions appeared as aggregates of tubular structures or had lamellar body‐like features. These findings are identical to those of papillary adenoma arising from the bronchiole.
Inhibitory Influence of a New Steroidal Anti‐androgen, TZP‐4238, on Prostatic Hyperplasia in the Beagle Dog
Authors: Murakoshi Masanori , Inada Rie , Tagawa Masashi , Makino Masao , Suzuki Minoru , Mieda Mamoru , Honma Seijiroh , Takezawa Yutaka , Yamanaka Hidetoshi
Published: December 2008

The effect of a synthetic steroidal anti‐androgen, TZP‐4238, on spontaneous benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in dogs was investigated. Old male beagle dogs (5–9 years old) were divided into three experimental groups. Group 1 consisted of BPH controls. Groups 2 and 3 received TZP‐4238 0.1 mg/kg/day and chlormadinone acetate (CMA) 0.3 mg/kg/day P.o., respectively, for 5 months. In group 1, glandular hyperplasia of the prostate was clearly detected. In contrast, TZP‐4238 (Group 2) or CMA (Group 3) produced marked atrophy of the glandular epithelium. In addition, a histopathological study showed that TZP‐4238 or CMA medication for 5 months exerted no effect on the testes and the pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) cells. Therefore, it is suggested that TZP 4238 (0.1 mg/kg) or CMA (0.3 mg/kg) causes regression of spontaneous canine BPH without any histopathological effects on the testes and pituitary LH cells. However, slightly decreased serum testosterone levels were found in TZP 4238 treated animals, due apparently to a direct and/or indirect effect on the testes. Thus, it is suggested that a marginal antigonadotrophic effect cannot be excluded. It is concluded that TZP‐4238 is a potent anti‐androgen for the treatment of spontaneous canine BPH, without any negative influence on the function of the testes and the pituitary LH cells. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 151–157, 1992.
Epithelial Hyperplasia of the Breast: Comparison of Incidence between Cases of Breast Carcinoma and Control Autopsy Specimens with Immunohistochemical Observation of Blood Group Antigens
Authors: Inai Kouki , Yamamoto Atsushi , Arihiro Koji , Khatun Nasima , Kurihara Kanji , Takeda Shinpei
Published: December 2008

Epithelial hyperplasia in the duct, ductule or lobule of the breast is a very common lesion and has been considered to carry a risk of subsequent invasive carcinoma. However, it is not known whether epithelial hyperplasia can transform into carcinoma or whether malignant change occurs de novo. We analyzed the incidence of epithelial hyperplasia of the breast by making a comparison between cases of breast carcinoma and control autopsy specimens, and studied differences in the membrane antigens of the constituent cells using immunohistochemical staining of blood group antigens. It was found that the frequency of epithelial hyperplasia was higher in the cases of breast carcinoma. The lesions showed loss of A, B and H antigens at high frequency, and the proportion of lesions showing loss of these antigens became higher as the atypia of the lesion increased. On the other hand, expression of Lea antigen was observed more frequently in atypical epithelial hyperplasia or in situ carcinoma than in ordinary epithelial hyperplasia. These findings suggest possible transformation from epithelial hyperplasia to carcinoma, and indicate that atypical epithelial hyperplasia may be precancerous in nature. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 193–200, 1992.
Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma of the Renal Capsule
Authors: Kobayashi Shoji , Yarnadori Ichiro , Ohmori Masaki , Akaeda Teruaki
Published: December 2008

The first case of benign fibrous histiocytoma of the renal capsule is reported in a male aged 44 years. The tumor had its point of origin in the renal capsule. Histologically, the tumor was composed of intersecting fascicles of fibro‐blastic cells forming a loose crisscross or “storiform” pattern. Electron microscopic studies of tumor cells revealed intermediate filaments and membrane‐bound collagen fibers which continued to extracellular collagen bundles. This deep‐seated fibrous histiocytoma had a more prominent storiform pattern and fewer secondary elements such as xanthoma cells than cutaneous ones. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 217 220, 1992.
Two Cases of Adrenal Myelolipoma
Authors: Ito Takaaki , Asano Kouji , Nomura Kouichi , Hori Masao , Wakui Shin , Kikuchi Yasuo , Akiyama Akihito , Furusato Masakuni , Aizawa Shigeo
Published: December 2008

We report myelolipoma found in two patients, of whom one had hormonal abnormalities related to adrenal function. The first patient was a 36 year‐old woman, who was found incidentally to have a left adrenal tumor by CT scan during admission for treatment of Guillain Barre syndrome. Obesity, hirsutism and osteoporosis were also evident, and the patient was forwarded for additional endocrine function analysis, which revealed elevation of serum cortisol, urine 17 OHCS and 17 KS, and a decreased level of ACTH. These abnormalities returned to normal after excision of the tumor. Pathologically, the tumor was composed of mature fat cells and hematopoietic components, and was diagnosed as myelolipoma. The second patient was a 63 year‐old woman, who was receiving follow‐up care for hyperthyroidism. A right adrenal tumor was noted incidentally in a routine examination by CT scan. Endo‐crinologically, she was found to have no abnormalities of adrenal function. The tumor was excised, and diagnosed pathologically as myelolipoma, being composed of mature fat cells and hematopoietic components. Generally, although most rnyelolipomas have no endocrine function, our first patient showed features of Cushing's syndrome. Thus it is suggested that an interrelationship may exist between myelolipoma and endocrinological alteration. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 221 226, 1992.
Diffuse Mallory Bodies in the Liver, Diffuse Lewy Bodies in the Brain and Diffuse Fat Replacement (Lipomatous Pseudohypertrophy) of the Pancreas in a Patient with Juvenile Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Yoshimura Noriaki , Hayashi Susumu , Fukushima Yutaka
Published: December 2008

A 38‐year‐old male patient with the juvenile variant of Parkinson's disease, in whom onset had occurred at the age of 24 yr, was autopsied. There were no clear symptoms of pancreatic or hepatic insufficiency during the entire clinical course. The only notable features were a slightly delayed decrease of the blood glucose level in an oral glucose tolerance test, slightly elevated levels of serum alkaline phosphatase and serum lactate dehydrogenase, and episodic loose stools. Autopsy revealed uniform enlargement of the pancreas due to massive fat replacement (lipomatous pseudohypertrophy): the exocrine glandular elements showed marked atrophy and loss, while the islets of Langerhans were preserved. The liver exhibited a histology closely mimicking alcoholic hepatitis associated with the diffuse presence of Mallory bodies (MBs), possibly indicative of a disturbance of protein metabolism. The nervous system showed the diffuse presence of Lewy bodies (LBs) in the cerebrum in addition to the ordinary lesions of Parkinson's disease. Although the etiopathogenesis of none of these three lesions has been well elucidated, common epitopes of MBs and LBs have recently been demonskated. Therefore, the present case study suggests that a specific underlying toxic agent may cause diffuse LBs in the brain on the one hand, and diffuse MBs in the liver and lipomatous pseudohypertrophy of the pancreas on the other. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 826–831, 1992.
An Autopsy Case Report of Diffuse Esophageal Intramural Pseudodiverticulosis
Authors: Kataoka Hiroaki , Higa Toshinobu , Koono Masashi
Published: December 2008

A case report of diffuse esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis (EIPD) we encountered at autopsy is described. The pseudodiverticula represented dilated excretory ducts of esophageal submucosal glands with squarnous metaplasia of the epithelium. They contained keratin flakes, mucin and/or inflammatory cells which were mainly neutrophils. Submucosal chronic inflammation surrounding the glands was prominent. The findings suggested that the ductal dilatation resulted from obstruction of the ducts by inflammatory material, mucus and desquamated epithelium. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first autopsy report of diffuse ElPD in Japan. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 837–840, 1992.
Pancreatic Islet Abnormalities in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Authors: Hisaoka Masanori , Haratake Joji , Nakamura Yasuhiro , Itoh Yohko
Published: December 2008

The pancreata of 15 autopsy cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and those of 14 age‐ matched controls were examined qualitatively and quantitatively to re‐evaluate the relationship between pancreatic islet abnormalities and sudden death in infancy. Histopathologically, a diffuse or focal form of nesidioblastosis and septal islets were frequently observed in the pancreata of both groups. Endocrine cell dysplasia was found only in 2 infants who had died of SIDS. Quantitatively, there was little difference of islet cell composition between the SlDS cases and the controls. A relatively high proportion of islet cell area to total pancreatic tissue area was demonstrated in the SlDS group (8.46±4.90% in the pancreatic head; 8.66±4.23% in the pancreatic body to tail) in comparison with the controls (5.32±1.77%; 5.63±1.60%). Although nesidioblastosis and septal islets were considered to be within the limits of normal variation during pancreatic development, endocrine cell dysplasia and quantitatively unusual proliferation of the pancreatic endocrine tissue suggest the possibility that abnormalities in the endocrine pancreas may be causally related to sudden death in infancy. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 870–875, 1992.
Pulmonary Blastoma
Authors: Inoue Hayato , Kasai Kiyoshi , Shinada Jun , Yoshimura Hirokuni , Kameya Toru
Published: December 2008

Three cases of pulmonary blastoma exhibiting biphasic epithelial and stromal patterns, and a case of fetal lung type adenocarcinoma, were examined by immunohisto‐chemistry and electron microscopy (EM) and compared with fetal bronchial epithelium in order to explore the multidirectional differentiation of their epithelial components. The glandular cells of all four tumors resembled fetal bronchial epithelial cells in the pseudoglandular stage. Neuroendocrine (NE) cells were also present: they were argyrophilic and expressed pan NE markers, neurose‐cretory granules and peptide hormones. The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) was strongly expressed on the cell membranes of glandular cells, as in the case of proximal bronchial epithelial cells at the pseudoglandular stage in fetal lung. Sialosylated LewisX was also expressed, indicating that the epithelial cells were possibly of endodermal origin. Two of the four cases showed considerable immunoreactivity for alpha fetoprotein (AFP). The epithelial cells of pulmonary blastomas may occasionally de‐differentiate into cells functionally resembling fetal hepatic, foregut and yolk sac cells expressing AFP. Tumor examination by immunohistochemistry and EM suggested that the glandular cells of the tumors may differentiate to some extent like those of fetal large bronchi at the pseudoglandular stage, but there was concordance and discordance in the expression of neuroendocrine and oncofetal markers between blastomatous tumors and fetal bronchial epithelium. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 884–892, 1992.
Multinodular Deposition of AA‐type Amyloid Localized in the Adrenal Glands of an Old Man
Authors: Sasaki Motoko , Kono Naoko , Nakanuma Yasuni , Ishiura Yoshihisa
Published: December 2008

Multinodular amyloid deposits localized in non neoplastic adrenal glands were found incidentally at autopsy in an 83‐year‐old Japanese man. Clinically, the patient lacked evident deficiency of adrenal hormones. The nodules of the stromal amyloid deposits were scattered in the adrenal cortex, where the parenchymal cells were compressed and atrophic. The deposits were confirmed to be amyloid by Congo red staining and polarization microscopy. Amyloid fibrils were also demonstrated in the deposits by electron microscopy. The amyloid deposits were permanganate‐sensitive and showed immunohistochemical staining for serum amyloid P component and serum amyloid A protein (SAA), implying that they were AA amyloid. There have been no reports describing localized amyloid deposits of the AA type in non neoplastic adrenal glands. The patho‐genesis and clinical significance of the amyloid deposition in the present case remain only speculative. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 893–896, 1992.
A Case of Intramural Uterine Stromal Tumor with EpitheliaI Differentiation
Authors: Masunaga Atsuko , Oka Teruaki , Nakamura Hisayoshi , Kinoshita Katsuyuki , Yamashita Tomoyuki , Sugawara Isamu , Itoyama Shinji
Published: December 2008

A case of intrauterine tumor in a 62 year old Japanese woman is presented. It was thought initially that this was a case of uterine tumor resembling an ovarian sex cord tumor. To examine the cytological features of the tumor cells, electron microscopical and immunohistochemical studies were done, and a hormone assay of the tumor tissue was performed. The tumor cells were rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER), mitochondria and microfila‐ments. Some tumor cells tended to form glandular patterns, but these epithelial elements were frequently scattered among fibrous stromal elements. Though many tumor cells with an epithelial appearance possessed a large quantity of cytokeratin and vimentin, they did not secrete estradiol, progesterone, testosterone or human chorionic gonadotropin. This case was finally diagnosed as an intramural uterine stromal tumor with epithelial differentiation after taking all the available data into consideration. This would be classified as an endometrial stromal tumor with epithelial elements, recently proposed and named by Clement and Scully. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 916–922, 1992.
Establishment and Characterization of Cell Lines from Human Adenovirus Type 12‐induced Murine Tumors Producing Endogenous Virus Particles
Authors: Morikawa Tomoko , Yamadori Ichiro , Okino Takeshi , Ogino Tetsuro , Ohmori Masaki
Published: December 2008

Two cell lines designated IC KMS and D KMS were established from human adenovirus type 12 induced tumors of C3Hf/OK mouse. The cell lines retained the characteristics of the original tumor i.e., production of numerous C type and intracisternal A‐type particles, integration of Adl2 El region DNA and amplification of the myc gene family. Chromosomal analysis revealed chromosome aberrations in both IC KMS and D KMS cells. The modal chromosome number of IC KMS cells was 54 and that of D‐KMS cells was 48. Metacentric chromosomes and mini‐chromosomes were found. Trisomy of chromosome 3, 7 and 12 was seen frequently in D KMS cells. Although DNA aneuploidy was revealed by flow cytometry, the DNA indices of these cells showed no relation to the copy number of integrated Adl2 DNA. These cells have been propagated by serial culture during the past 17 months. Production of endogenous virus particles is a unique characteristic of IC KMS and D KMS cells. These cell lines would be useful materials for examining the contribution of Adl2 carcinogenesis to activation of endogenous virus particles, and also the correlation between Adl2 carcinogenesis and cancer related genes. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 242‐248, 1992.
Heterotopic Pancreas of the Stomach
Authors: Yamagiwa Hiroshi , Onishi Nobuyuki , Nishii Muneo
Published: December 2008

Ordinary histological investigation has suggested that heterotopic pancreas of the stomach may have two types of histogenesis; one is development from immigrated fetal pancreas tissue, and the other is development from primitive gastric mucosal epithelium following penetration into the submucosa with subsequent erroneous differentiation into pancreas tissue. It is suspected that type I lesions include the majority of cases caused by immigration from fetal pancreas, and that some type II cases arise through erroneous differentiation of primitive gastric mucosal epithelium. With regard to immunohistochemical findings, cells positive for pancreatic polypeptide and amylase were much more numerous in the acini of type I cases compared with type II cases. Positive cells were found not infrequently in the acini of type II cases after staining for pancreatic polypeptide, insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, serotonin, and gastrin. On the other hand, a small number of cells in islets were not infrequently positive for α1–antitrypsin, α1,‐antichimotrypsin, and amylase. It is considered that in the heterotopic pancreas, ductal cells have the potential to differentiate into acinar cells and islet cells, as is the cases in the orthotopic pancreas. Acta Pathol Jpn 42 : 249 254, 1992.
Non‐Hodgkin's Lymphoma with Histological Features of Neoplastic Angioendotheliosis
Authors: Usuda Hiroyuki , Homma Keiichi , Nemoto Keiichi , Ohnishi Yoshihisa
Published: December 2008

Three cases of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, B‐cell type, identical histologically to so called neoplastic angioendotheliosis (NAE), are reported. All showed a rapidly progressive clinical course and were not properly diagnosed before death. The lymphoma cells were distributed in many vessels of systemic organs with a tendency to form aggregates. The primary sites in the three cases were probably the adrenal gland, lymph node, and spleen, respectively. In particular, in one case it was suggested that the lymphoma cells had spread from the adrenal tumor to other organs, showing the histological features of NAE. In the literature, the primary sites of NAE have been scarcely mentioned. However, gross tumors were present in some cases. In such cases, it is possible that the tumors could be the primary sites of NAE. We conclude that some non Hodg‐kin's lymphomas can exhibit the features of NAE during their course, particularly in the terminal stages. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 272‐278, 1992.
Comparison of the Pulmonary Responses to Chrysotile and Amosite Asbestos Administered Intratracheally
Authors: Kimizuka Goro , Shinozaki Katsumi , Hayashi Yutaka
Published: December 2008

To clarify whether serpentine and amphibole asbestos have different effects on the lung, UICC chrysotile and amosite asbestos were injected intratracheally into hamster lung, and the lungs were examined at 30 min, 1,4,8, and 24 h, and 2 and 4 days after asbestos application by light and scanning electron microscopy. A leukocyte and macrophage reaction appeared at 4 h and increased up to 2 days, and the cell reaction was stronger and more prolonged after application of chrysotile than after application of amosite asbestos. Furthermore, chrysotile induced more prominent cell (leukocytes or/and macrophages) necrosis and alveolar wall thickening. These findings indicate that chrysotile asbestos induces more stronger cell reactions in the alveolar wall, and is more noxious than amosite. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 707–711, 1992.
Expression Pattern of SRα Promoter in Human Embryonal Carcinoma and Transgenic Tissues in Mice
Authors: Fujita Hiroo , Hata Jun‐ichi , Kokai Yasuo , Matsubayashi Yoshie , Takabe Yutaka , Fujimoto Junichiro
Published: December 2008

Human embryonal carcinoma is thought to be a counterpart of mouse embryonal carcinoma, which has provided useful information for studying early molecular events in murine embryogenesis. A major practical problem in the use of human embryonal carcinoma for molecular pathological studies is the lack of an efficient expression system for foreign genes. The SRα promoter is a fusion promoter containing the SV 40 early promoter and the R segment and part of the U5 sequence of the long terminal repeat derived from human T cell leukemia virus type I. We analyzed the expression pattern of the SRα promoter in human and mouse embryonal carcinoma lines and transgenic mouse tissues. Efficient and stable expression was detected in all cell lines tested, and tissues from all mice of four independent transgenic lines carrying the SRα CAT vector showed a detectable level of CAT expression. These data suggest that the SRα promoter is useful for studies of both human embryonal carcinoma and transgenic mouse tissue. Using this expression system, we are now able to label human embryonal cacinomas with various genes, for example β galactosidase, and follow their fate at the single cell level in nude mice, where xenotransplanted human embryonal carcinoma expresses differentiation capability. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 712–718, 1992.
Extremely Well Differentiated Papillary Adenocarcinoma of the Lung with Prominent Cilia Formation
Authors: Nakamura Shigeo , Koshikawa Takashi , Sato Tsuneko , Hayashi Kayoko , Suchi Taizan
Published: December 2008

We describe a 54‐year‐old woman with primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma showing a characteristic papillary architecture and prominent cilia formation. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and Leu Ml, and negative for lactoferrin and surfactant apoprotein. An ultrastructural study also indicated differentiation toward bronchial surface epithelial cells. To our knowledge, this type of neoplasm has not been reported as peripheral‐type adenocarcinoma of the lung. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 745–750, 1992.
Biological Aspects of Pituitary Tumors Induced by Synthetic Salmon Calcitonin (TZ–CT) in Sprague‐Dawley Rats
Authors: Osamura R. Yoshiyuki , Murakoshi Masanori , Inada Rie , Horiuchi Toshi , Watanabe Kei‐ichi
Published: December 2008

Rat pituitary tumors induced by synthetic salmon calcitonin (TZ–CT) were studied by the indirect peroxidase‐labeled antibody method, together with ultrastructure and serum hormone measurement. Immunohistochemically, TZ–CT‐induced pituitary tumors showed staining for only rLHα subunit, and were negative for other peptide hormones including GH, PRL, αMSH and ACTH, and the α subunit of glycoprotein hormones. Electron microscopic examination showed that the majority of tumor cells possessed numerous small secretory granules, 100 to 200 nm in diameter. The serum PRL concentrations of rats with TZ–CT induced pituitary tumors were markedly elevated, but not beyond 130 ng/ml. From our data, TZ–CT‐induced pituitary tumors are considered to be endocrinologically inactive and to produce α subunit. Furthermore, these tumors are thought to be potentially useful models of α subunit producing pituitary tumors in humans. This is the first report to document the tumorigenesis of α subunit producing pituitary tumors in rats after long‐term treatment with calcitonin.
Pathomorphology Study of Pale Bodies in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Nakashima Osamu , Sugihara Shigetaka , Eguchi Akira , Taguchi Jun , Watanabe Jiro , Kojiro Masamichi
Published: December 2008

Pathomorphological and immunohistochemical studies were conducted on cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with pale bodies (PB). HCC containing PBs was seen in 6 (5.7%) of 106 consecutively resected HCC cases. It was of interest that varying degrees of sclerotic change were found in 4 of the 6 cases and a certain correlation between PBs and sclerotic change of HCC tissue was suggested. Histologically, PBs were identified as a pale amorphous substance with a distinct margin and most of PBs occupied the entire cytoplasm of the cancer cells. PBs were practically negative for periodic acid Schiff, and were also negative for phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin and orcein stains. Ultrastructurally, PBs were found to be a mass of granular or fibrillar materials having a single‐layered limiting membrane, and dilated rough endoplasmic reticula (rER) were also found in the vicinity of PBs, suggesting the presence of a close relationship between rough endoplasmic reticula and PBs. Most PBs were found to be strongly positive for anti‐fibrinogen antibody and some of them were weakly positive for anti‐albumin, but were solely negative for other antibodies such as anti HBs antigen, anti alpha 1 antitrypsin, and anti ferritin. According to those findings, PBs were thought to be fibrinogens accumulating in cystic rER due to a defective intracellular transport or an excretion disturbance.
Histologic Changes in Graves' Thyroid Gland after 131I Therapy for Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Mizukami Yuji , Michigishi Takatoshi , Nonomura Akitaka , Hashimoto Takuma , Noguchi Masakuni , Ohmura Kenji , Matsubara Fujitsugu
Published: December 2008

The effect of 131I therapy was examined in 13 thyroid glands affected by Graves’disease 3 to 29 years after irradiation for hyperthyroidism. All of the patients had clinically palpable thyroid nodules. Two patients were in a latent hypothyroid, 6 in a euthyroid and 5 in a hyperthyroid state. The microscopic changes in the thyroids showed a pattern of multiple adenomatous nodules with cystic changes, marked oxyphilic cell changes with nuclear atypism and various degrees of chronic thyroiditis. Immunohistochemical staining for TG and T4 was negative to mildly positive in these oxyphilic cells and entirely negative for EGF and CEA. The DNA ploidy pattern was diploid pattern in 6 cases. One papillary‐type microcarcinoma occurred, but there was no evidence of a relationship between the tumor and the irradiation. The pathologic findings in Graves’thyroid gland after 131I therapy are not specific, but pathologists should differentiate this lesion from adenomatous goiter, which occurs with no apparent cause, or from thyroid carcinoma because of the marked nuclear atypism of this lesion.
Kappa Light Chain Nodular Glomerulosclerosis with Conspicuous Crescent Formation and Tubulointerstitial Injury
Authors: Nakamoto Yasushi , Kawamura Kohichi , Mamiya Shigeo , Yasuda Tadashi , Imai Hirokazu , Miura Akira B. , Hayashi Masato
Published: December 2008

We describe a 39‐year‐old man who developed kappa light chain nodular glomerulosclerosis with superimposed conspicuous crescent formation and extensive tubulointerstitial injury. The clinical picture was characterized by nephrotic syndrome and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Incessantly progressive loss of renal function culminated in irreversible renal failure 7 weeks after initial manifestation of renal insufficiency. The patient has since been maintained on thrice weekly hemodialysis with chemotherapy for five years. At the time of pathologic diagnosis by renal biopsy, there was no evidence of multiple myeloma, and no serum M‐component or Bence‐Jones proteinuria was detected. An initial bone marrow aspirate revealed the presence of 0.6% atypical lymphocytes as the sole abnormality, although these were later identified as atypical plasma cells. These cells had also infiltrated the renal interstitium. Crescentic kappa light chain nodular glomerulosclerosis lacking evidence of plasma cell dyscrasia should be included in the differential diagnosis of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.