bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organization of the Saudi health system
Authors: Al Yousuf M. , Akerele T. M. , Al Mazrou Y. Y.
Published: August 2021

Using existing data, we reviewed the organizational structure of the Saudi Arabian health system: its demography and history, principal health indicators, organization and management, type and distribution of facilities, financial base, and the impact on it of the Haj. We noted duplication of services, inadequate coordination between some health industry sectors, and the need for a more extensive and rational health centre network with improved information systems and data collection. We also noted scope for a greater role for the private health sector and increased cooperation between it and the public sector to improve health service delivery and population health
ITCHING AND PAIN – ANALOGUES AND DIFFERENCES (PROBLEM LECTURE)
Authors: Bocharov Vasily
Published: August 2021

The problematic lecture is devoted to the analogies and differences in the mechanisms of the development of itching and pain both in various dermatoses and in other somatic and psychogenic diseases of a person. Attention is drawn to the fact that certain groups of drugs that are used to treat pain syndromes can also be used to treat chronic itchy skin diseases, which may become a promising area of modern dermatology.Key words: pain, itching, pain relievers.
International Scientific Conference of young scientists and specialists dedicated to the 160th anniversary of V. A. Mikhelson Collection of articles.
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow State Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev, Konstantinov I. S.
Published: August 2021

The collection contains articles based on the materials of reports of participants of the International Scientific Conference of Young Scientists and Specialists dedicated to the 160th anniversary of V. A. Mikhelson, held on June 9-11, 2020 on the basis of the Timiryazev Russian State Agrarian University-MSA. The publication is of interest to researchers, teachers, postgraduates and students, managers and specialists of the agro-industrial complex.
Late Cenozoic Stress State in Gulf of Güllük and Surroundings, SW Anatolia
Authors: Gündoğdu Erdem , Demirci Alper , Ozden Suha
Published: August 2021

This study was performed with the aim of revealing the Late Cenozoic stress state of the Gulf of Güllük and close surroundings. In this study, the tectonic regime and stress states from the Pliocene to the present day were determined. Mesoscopic fault plane data were collected from outcrops at 19 different stations in the region between the Gulf of Güllük and Milas. Additionally, focal mechanism inverse solutions were calculated for 12 earthquakes larger than M:3.0 occurring from 2004 to 2015 to reveal the current tectonic regime. According to kinematic analysis results from fault assemblages and focal mechanism solutions for earthquakes, two tectonic regimes affected the region before the Pliocene and at present. In the first tectonic regime, strike-slip faulting developed under a NW-SE oriented compressional regime. There was an R ratio of 0.426 between the principal stress axes and this shows faulting had transtensional character. The region converted to a NE-SW oriented extensional regime dominated by normal faulting in the Quaternary. This currently effective extensional regime was understood from focal mechanism solutions of earthquakes developing in the region. The reason for this regime being effective is the rapid pull by the African plate on the Anatolian plate, which rides above the African plate, and horizontal extension in the Anatolian plate.
CARING FOR HEALTH AND WELL-BEING. CHANGING CONSUMER TRENDS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Ryzhkova Tat'yana B. , Tarasenko Elena A. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: August 2021

In the article the authors give an assessment of changes in trends of the consumer behavior in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is shown that care for health and safety of oneself and loved ones in conditions of social distancing, forced homing and blurring the boundaries between work and home are main drivers for changing the consumer practices of Russian citizens, introducing the new creative ways of consumption and the emergence of deferred demand. The authors show changes in consumer attitudes towards home space, self-care increasing. They conclude that due to self-safety and digitalization trends in consumer behavior have changed so significantly that consumers will not completely return to their old habits after the end of the pandemic. New technologies and digitalization are making significant changes in the consumer lives and practices.
NETWORK-CENTRIC APPROACH TO MANAGING THE MARKET ENTITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY
Authors:   State University of Management, Afanas'ev Valentin Ya. , Mishcheryakov Sergei V. ,   Corporate Energy University, Podol'skii Dmitrii S. ,   Corporate Energy University
Published: August 2021

The article presents the results of research on the development of the structure, methods and technologies for managing the Unified Energy System (UES) of Russia in the context of the digital transformation of the electric power industry. The analysis of the experience of managing complex socio-technological systems (STS) on the example of the UES of Russia and modern achievements in digital technologies resulted in defining the main directions of the formation of a network-centric approach to ensuring the reliability of energy supply to consumers and the country’s energy security in normal operating conditions and in emergency situations. A comparative analysis of the structures is carried out and examples of practically implemented fragments of the above systems are presented. The article also presents the stratification of control loops and the structure of ontological modeling for the functioning of the entire UES control system. It defines and mathematically substantiates the algorithms for forming decisions for the managing the power facilities in the level range from of the National Crisis Management Center to the operational personnel responsible for maintaining the mode of power systems and power facilities. The given examples of operating systems, SISFEC (state information system of the fuel and energy complex) and SRMS (stability reserve monitoring systems)actually confirm the correctness of the selected solutions of the network-centric approach to managing the UES of Russia. The provisions set out in the article determine the direction in developing the digital control systems for STS.
ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC APPROACH TO SECONDARY BIOMATERIALS USAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Sopilko Natal'ya Yu. , Myasnikova Ol'ga Yu. ,   RUDN University
Published: August 2021

In the presented paper considers the issue associated with the depletion of traditional energy resources (coal, oil, peat, natural gas). Such a situation turns up in a process of their usage as a factor in the deterioration of the environmental situation in terms of Russian Federation transition to a model of a sustainable economic development. The article analyses the possibility of alternative raw materials using based on secondary plant biomaterials as a renewable substitute for the energy supply sources. A tendency of growth in the biomass consumption for energy generation in European countries, the USA, Canada is highlighted. The characteristics of the main economic advantages of its application are presented, along with a notion of the special importance of ecological component. The conducted research is a priority and promising direction for the world economy and energy, and the analysis of basic technical and economic features of various types of the waste biomass and the reasoning of its utilization ways can serve for its well-targeted and full-fledged usage as an energy resource.
ICONOGRAPHY OF LITURGICAL COMPOSITIONS IN THE PAINTING PROGRAM OF THE КRONSTADT ST. NICHOLAS NAVAL CATHEDRAL
Authors: Burganov Aleksandr A.
Published: August 2021

The painting of the Kronstadt St. Nicholas Naval Cathedral is one of the largest and little-studied monuments of Russian church painting of the early 20th century. Тhe study of the iconographic program of the painting of the cathedral will fill in the gaps in our understanding of the development of Russian art of that period. The article undertakes an iconographic analysis of some compositions united by liturgical symbolism, which brings us closer to a more complete understanding of the artistic method of the authors of the painting.
ANGELOLOGY IN THE RUSSIAN INTELLECTUAL HISTORY. SEVERAL PAGES
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Markov Aleksandr V.
Published: August 2021

Reflections on the nature of angels in Russian religious philosophy are inseparable from political theology and reflection on scientific and technical achievements. Based on the works of N. Boldyrev, A. Losev and S. Averintsev, the article proves that the doctrine of angels was to spiritualize technical progress and not less to preserve humanitarian culture in the field of symbolic-mathematical speculation. Therefore, Russian angelology is dialogical and controversial: it relies on the hermeneutics of a symbol, while symbolism is considered as part of intellectual production parallel to technical invention. It is proved how exactly the reception of ideas related to the parameters of perception and a certain style of intellectual reasoning made it possible to single out questions about angels into a separate area of philosophical problematization. Accordingly, the study of how exactly the questions were thought of as autonomous, makes it possible to clarify how Russian thought could assert the autonomy of orders of philosophical reasoning
THE SOCIAL SPHERE AND THE LIVING STANDARDS OF THE KIROV REGION POPULATION DURING THE TIME OF THE SECOND FIVE-YEAR PLAN (1933–1937)
Authors: Bakulin Vladimir I. , Chemodanov Pavel A. ,   Kirov Regional Museum of Local Lore
Published: August 2021

The article focuses on the social sphere development of the Kirov region in the years of the second five-year plan (1933–1937). It substantiates a direct link between the dynamic development of the industrial sector of the regional economy and the changes in the social sphere. The authors trace the changes in the incomes and purchasing power of the population of the region. They give the ratio of average wages in different industries and the prices for basic consumer goods along with the abolition of the rationing distribution system in the Soviet Union. In addition, the article provides the data pertaining to the regional budget expenditures on the education, health care and social support for the vulnerable groups of the population; the paper also traces the positive growth trend in the number of schools, hospitals, and cultural institutions. The authors state the special role and managing methods of the regional party bodies in resolving the social development tasks for the region and in protecting the interests of ordinary industrial and agricultural workers. Аt the same time, noting the positive trend in the development of the social sphere in the designated geographical framework, the authors draw attention to the whole range of its systemic issues. They classify as such the housing shortage, growing over the entire period, the disparity in the development of big cities and rural areas, the insufficient level of medical care provided to the population, and the serious shortcomings in the education of young people. However the authors come to the conclusion that the Kirov region during the years of the second five-year plan was a dynamically developing territory with good prospects
EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH WORKS OF CONTEMPORARY SCHOOLCHILDREN AS A SOURCE OF STUDY OF THE HISTORICAL MEMORY OF THE PEOPLE ABOUT THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR OF 1941-1945
Authors:   Central Council of the Russian Society of Historians and Archivists, Inozemtseva Zinaida P.
Published: August 2021

The present work is based on the analysis of the schoolchildren competitive research papers submitted at the All-Russian Youth Vernadsky Conference in the period of time between 2005 and 2020; the article considers the ideas about the 1941–1945 Great Patriotic War of the generation coming into life in the 21st century. The content specificity of the schoolchildren research works devoted to the Great Patriotic War is defined by the fact that the young authors in search of truth seek to objectively comprehend the realities of the past and to ascertain the veracity of the fact. It is worth noting that the heroes of the schoolchildren papers are ordinary people, often without formal recognition, and that is the reason why their documents have not been taken into the archives yet. At the opening of the exhibition “Man and War”, the Chairman of the Russian Historical Society Sergei Naryshkin stressed that the history of the Soviet people’s heroism is transmitted through the frontline letters, photographs, family reminiscences, personal belongings. It is on these sources that young researchers learn the history of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945. The author of the article concludes that the historical memory of the Great Patriotic War is preserved in the people’s consciousness, and that it is possible to use the youth research as the sources of personal origin to study the issue of historical memory
FLEEING FROM THE WAR. ABOUT THE RUSSIAN EMIGRANT-SCIENTIST B.M. SAPIR
Authors:   The All-Russian Scientific end Research Institute for Records and Archives Management, Zvavich Viktor I.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the life, work and documentary legacy of the well-known abroad, but little-known in Russia historian and archivist Boris Moiseevich Sapir. B.M. Sapir lived a long life (1902–1989), full of various events. Born in 1902 in the city of Lodz in the Kingdom of Poland (that then belonged to Russia) into a Jewish Russian-speaking family, B.M. Sapir did not always voluntarily find himself in the center of major political events and even wars of the first half of the 20th century. Already in 1914, he and his parents came to Moscow. There, Sapir became interested in the social democratic movement and joined the Menshevik Party. However, not being an enemy of the Soviet state, he joined the Red Army in 1919 at the age of 17, being demobilized only in 1921. Soon, however, B.M. Sapir was arrested, imprisoned and deported until 1926. In 1926, he managed to escape to Germany (then the Weimar Republic). There, he became an activist of the International Youth Social Democratic Movement. However, when the Nazis came to power in Germany, Sapir’s long ordeal began in different countries. It was the Netherlands, where he began to actively study the history of Russian Populism and Menshevism (that topic became the main issue in his scientific work). Later his fate led him to Cuba, where he started researching the history of the local Jewish community, then – to the United States. It was only after the Second World War, and even then not immediately, that Sapir managed to come to the Netherlands, where he finally began to study the history of the revolutionary movement in pre-Soviet Russia. There he found not only his favorite occupation, but also his family happiness. B.M. Sapir did not survive his rehabilitation. He died in 1989, and was officially rehabilitated in the USSR only in 1991. Boris Moiseevich’s relatives received the relevant documents only in 1992. The most significant part of B.M. Sapir’s documents is kept in the United States, in one of the Russian archives – the Bakhmetyev archives (at Harward University). A copy of the scientific reference apparatus for the collection (Fund) of B.M. Sapir was digitized and made available to Internet users. However, a detailed study of B.M. Sapir’s documents is a matter for the future.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ALGORITHM FOR EMBEDDING AND EXTRACTING DIGITAL WATERMARKS FOR VIDEO FILES OF THE AVI FORMAT
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Serebryakova Sof'ya A. , Filippov Mikhail V. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Published: August 2021

Nowadays authors of cinematographic works are often faced to protect copyright need. One way to resolve such an issue is to use digital watermarks. Digital watermarks are some kind of encrypted message that allows distinguishing the original work from its forgery. At the same time the audio or video file with a built-in message looks no different from a file without a digital watermark, what is a key advantage of its use and at the same time it makes difficult to playback the file illegally. A set of methods for undetectable hiding some bit sequences in others is called digital steganography. An important advantage of steganography over cryptographic methods is the hiding the fact of embedding a code message. Embedding digital watermarks by using the least significant bit method allows embedding a digital watermark in such a way that a person will not notice any changes in the video file. The article considers the known methods of embedding digital watermarks and the structure of the AVI file format. It presents an algorithm for embedding and extracting digital watermarks for AVI video files based on LSB method with using hash-function. The algorithm provides a counteraction to the spread of counterfeit products.
THE ASPIRATION FOR INTERNAL DIALOGUE AS LYRICAL SUBJECTS’ SELF-REFLECTION FORM IN WORKS OF V. TSOI AND I. KORMIL’TSEV
Authors:   Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Stankovich Zinaida G.
Published: August 2021

The article examines the issue of internal dialogue possibility as a way to oneself in the form of literary self-reflection on the material of V. Tsoi’s and I. Kormil’tsev’s works. For that purpose, a comparative analysis of the songs’ texts “Ya – asfal’t” by V. Tsoi and “Nikomunikabelnost” by I. Kormil’tsev is carried out. The lyrical subjects of both authors use such “auxiliary means” as letter (Tsoi) and telephone (Kormil’tsev) in order to reach internal dialog. It is revealed that those means of communication and contact with oneself create an effect of maximal defamiliarization, the ability to look at oneself as at different subject and thus enter the space of self-reflection which is a characteristic feature of Russian rock poetry’s authors worldview. Both poets somehow raise the issue of loneliness. The lyrical subject of Tsoi is closed in his own world where he plays various life roles but at the same time he thinks about the possibility of access to other people. Kormil’tsev’s text, on the contrary, presents excessive communication with other individuals which ultimately hampers the internal dialogue of the lyrical subject. Hence the hero gets into a tragic situation: he has no time and opportunity to communicate with himself but also no desire to open his soul to abstract interlocutors. The self-reflection attempt in the work of Tsoi can be considered largely successful, while the lyrical subject of Kormil’tsev despite repeated efforts can not establish contact with himself.
PROBLEMS OF ENSURING THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF RUSSIAN ENTERPRISES OPERATING ABROAD
Authors: Voroncov Yaroslav
Published: August 2021

The uncertainty of the conditions of the market economy and its impact on the functioning of modern enterprises is characterized by instability and unpredictability of the external environment. The increase in the number of unprofitable enterprises, the severe impact of the crisis and pandemic, the threat of bankruptcy determine the importance of developing directions and measures that ensure the effectiveness of financial and economic activities, stable economic condition and economic security.

In real time, the main aspects of economic security of various enterprises occupy an important place in the world economic science, which causes the interest and relevance of studying economic security issues from scientists from different countries.
Problems and prospects for the development of corporate strategic planning in the digital technology environment
Authors: Levchaev Petr
Published: August 2021

Objectives.

A set of theoretical, methodological and practical approaches to the development of strategic planning of corporate activities in the transition to a digital technological system.

Methods.

The application of a comprehensive scientific approach is based on a combination of General scientific and special research methods: retrospective, system analysis and synthesis, comparison and generalization, and evolutionary.

Results.

As the analysis of existing approaches to the definition of the digital economy has shown, there is still no consensus on the definition and content of this term, which leads to problems in identifying the elements that are included in it. The development of strategic planning in the digital economy determines the specifics of the planning process, the choice of appropriate methods and their implementation. A model of the enterprise strategic planning digitalization platform is proposed, reflecting the most significant subsystems, which can be modified taking into account the specifics of the company's actions in the external environment, as well as based on the competitive advantages of the internal environment and the relationship of the leading structural elements.

Conclusions and Relevance.

Companies in the new business environment need new approaches to strategic planning that take into account current management aspects. The introduction of digital technologies will maximize the use of information technology resources in order to increase the productivity and financial performance of corporations. The process of managing the company's strategy using digital technologies allows you to conduct operational control over revenues and expenses, optimize inventory. The development of strategic planning of enterprises should be synchronized with the corresponding improvement of the regulatory framework. The identified features of the formation of indicators of companies ' competitiveness, as well as the scheme of digitalization of the platform for strategic planning of their activities can be recommended for use in the practice of corporate financial management, long- term financial planning and budgeting.
DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE AND AGRARIAN EDUCATION: STATE, FORECASTS
Authors: Voronin Boris , Chupina Irina , Voronina Yana
Published: August 2021

In the federal law No. 264-FZ of December 29, 2006 "On the development of agriculture" [1], the development of science and innovation in the field of the agro-industrial complex is defined among the main directions of the state agricultural policy (Article 5, paragraph 5).

In the same federal law (Article 5, Clause 7), the main direction of the state agrarian policy is “improving the system of education, training and retraining of specialists for agriculture”.

Scientific and technological support of agriculture is a vital necessity for the development of the industry in modern conditions, because the technologies and programs for the functioning of domestic agriculture that have been in force until now have exhausted the possibilities of conducting agricultural activities without introducing scientific advances in agricultural production in the field of crop production, animal husbandry, poultry farming and other areas of agricultural economy.

Seed growing of potatoes and vegetables, both open and protected, remains a problem. And for some crops, imported seeds are used in production, which is a threat to food security and food independence of the Russian state.

Practically, the same situation is in livestock and poultry farming, where breeding animals and breeding eggs purchased in foreign countries are used. Imported antibiotics and other veterinary drugs, as well as herbicides and pesticides and other agrochemicals used in Russian agriculture remain at risk.

Despite the government decisions made, domestic agricultural producers, due to the lack of the necessary agricultural machinery and equipment in the Russian Federation, continue to purchase technical means and spare parts for them abroad, which causes risky situations, aggravated by financial instability in the world due to pandemic of the new coronavirus infection "Covid-19", economic sanctions and other negative factors.

The above circumstances objectively call for the accelerated development of domestic agricultural science. This task should be carried out by students and postgraduates of agricultural universities using scientific laboratories within the walls of the university, graduates of agricultural universities and academies working in scientific institutions of the Russian Academy of Sciences and other research organizations, as well as specialists working in agricultural organizations. In order to successfully solve the problems of scientific and technological development of agricultural production, researchers must receive the necessary knowledge and qualifications, and, most importantly, skills for research activities in the process of studying at an agricultural university.
Ambulance service call handler and clinician identification of stroke in North East Ambulance Service
Authors: McClelland Graham , Burrow Emma
Published: August 2021

Introduction:Emergency medical services (EMS) are the first point of contact for most acute stroke patients. The EMS response is triggered by ambulance call handlers who triage calls and then an appropriate response is allocated. Early recognition of stroke is vital to minimise the call to hospital time as the availability and effectiveness of reperfusion therapies are time dependent. Minimising the pre-hospital phase by accurate call handler stroke identification, short EMS on-scene times and rapid access to specialist stroke care is vital. The aims of this study were to evaluate stroke identification by call handlers and clinicians in North East Ambulance Service (NEAS) and report on-scene times for suspected stroke patients.Methods:A retrospective service evaluation was conducted linking routinely collected data between 1 and 30 November 2019 from three sources: NEAS Emergency Operations Centre; NEAS clinicians; and hospital stroke diagnoses.Results:The datasets were linked resulting in 2214 individual cases. Call handler identification of acute stroke was 51.5% (95% CI 45.3‐57.8) sensitive with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 12.8% (95% CI 11.4‐14.4). Face-to-face clinician identification of stroke was 76.1% (95% CI 70.4‐81.1) sensitive with a PPV of 27.4% (95% CI 25.3‐29.7). The median on-scene time was 33 (IQR 25‐43) minutes, with call handler and clinician identification of stroke resulting in shorter times.Conclusion:This service evaluation using ambulance data linked with national audit data showed that the sensitivity of NEAS call handler and clinician identification of stroke are similar to figures published on other systems but the PPV of call handler and clinician identification stroke could be improved. However, sensitivity is paramount while timely identification of suspected stroke patients and rapid transport to definitive care are the primary functions of EMS. Call handler identification of stroke appears to affect the time that clinicians spend at scene with suspected stroke patients.
Protocol for a constructivist metasynthesis of qualitative research of heroism and paramedic practice
Authors: Rees Nigel , Williams Julia , Hogan Chloe , Smyth Lauren , Archer Thomas
Published: August 2021

Background: Exceptional demands have been placed on paramedics and other healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. An overwhelming outpouring of public support has unfolded, bringing into focus the relationship between paramedics, other HCWs and society, where they
are portrayed as heroes. Scholars have studied the notion of heroism to society, and characteristics of such heroic status include: the voluntary nature of a heroic act, risk of physical or social harm, willingness to accept the consequences of action, acting for the benefit of others and
without the expectation of gain. While some HCWs and paramedics may reflect these characteristics, many may not. Such heroic narratives can be damaging, stifling meaningful discussion around limits to duties, failing to acknowledge the importance of reciprocity and potentially imposing demands
on paramedics and HCWs to be heroic.Aim: This article prospectively presents the protocol for a metasynthesis which aims to identify, appraise and synthesise the qualitative literature in order to develop theory on heroism and paramedic practice.Methods: Evolved grounded
theory methodology is followed along with the procedural guidelines of Noblit and Hare (1988) to guide the analysis. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) have also been adopted when preparing this protocol and will be followed in the study
proper. The protocol has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews PROSPERO 2021, registration number CRD42021234851.Results: We do not currently have results, but PRISMA guidelines will be followed when reporting our findings.Conclusion:
Current narratives on heroism and paramedic practice are important in terms of the relationship between paramedics and society. The metasynthesis prospectively reported in this article serves as the first point in our journey of making sense of and developing theory on heroism and paramedic
practice.
Readability of Karadeniz Technical University Kanuni Campus, Trabzon-Turkey
Authors: YILMAZ YILDIRIM Demet
Published: August 2021

Physical environments that are perceivable and readable help the users to reach their destinations without getting lost on the one hand and cause them to internalize the environments in which they reside and to identify themselves with the environments on the other. This study discusses the notion of “readability” of the campus settlements that have multifunctionality, open and closed areas, etc. The study employed Lynch’s mind mapping method, and the Kanuni Campus of Karadeniz Technical University (KTU) was chosen as the pilot area and its readability was investigated.The study consists of three sections. The first section is a literature review on readability, image, mind maps, and Lynch’s image elements. In the second section of the study, the maps drawn by the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th year students of the Department of Architecture were transformed into a separate mind map for each class. The third section presents the analyses. The study exposed the similarities and differences in the mind maps of the students in different classes. Based on the results The readability of a campus is an important design problem in campus design. While doing this, the designer should organize the image elements that create a strong image effect in everyone.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOME HEAVY METALS LEVELS IN LEAVES, PEELS AND TUBERS OF CASSAVA PLANTED ALONG EAST-WEST ROAD RIVERS STATE
Authors: Ogah Isaac Eguarkhide , Ozioma Ekpete A.
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Pollution of the environment by heavy metals has caused serious environmental problems, which threatens the existence of various ecological system, agriculture and human health. This study assessed the comparative analysis of some heavy metals levels in leaves, peels and tubers of cassava planted along East-West Road Rivers State.

Materials/Methods: Cassava leaves and tubers samples were collected from farmlands along East-West road (SX, SY and SZ communities, in Emohua, Tai, and Ahoada West LGA respectively), Rivers state, Nigeria. The samples were monitored for heavy metals levels to assess the impact of automobiles on cassava peels, leaves and tubers using Solar Thermo Elementary Atomic Absorption Spectrometer, ModelSG 71906. Metals studied were Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd), and Arsenic (As).

Results: The mean concentration of Ni present in leaf was 2.81±0.104 mg/kg, tubers recorded 2.23±0.073 mg/kg and peels 3.20±0.06 mg/kg. The highest concentration (4.064±0.035 mg/kg) of Ni was observed in peels while the least concentration (1.80±1.023 mg/kg) was recorded in the tubers. The mean values of Pb in leaves, tubers and peels were 2.22±1.023 mg/kg, 1.80±1.023 mg/kg and 2.64±0.32, highest concentration was recorded in tubers. Arsenic values were 0.16±0.020 mg/kg > 0.51±0.021 mg/kg > 0.38±0.203 mg/kg in peels, tubers and leaves respectively. The values of As were above WHO safe limit of 0.1mg/kg. Also, the mean values of cadmium in leaves, tubers and peels were 0.054±0.570 mg/kg, 0.046±0.057 mg/kg and 0.16±0.609 mg/kg respectively. The highest concentration (0.138±0.109 mg/kg) was in the tubers. Finally, chromium was found to be present in all the cassava samples (leaves, peels and tubers). The mean concentration of chromium (Cr) was 3.58±0.023 mg/kg, 2.76±0.005 mg/kg and 3.83±0.203 mg/kg in leaves, tubers and peels respectively.

Conclusion: From the findings, heavy metals were found in the samples and thus, crops should be cultivated far away from major roads.
CHEMICAL SOIL FERTILITY DIAGNOSIS FOR COTTON CROPPING IN NORTHERN COTE D'IVOIRE
Authors: Diomandé L. B. , Soro G. R. , Soro S. , Kouamé A. Et Yao
Published: August 2021

The work was conducted in the north of Cote d’Ivoire, central pivot cotton production savannah area, to make the diagnosis of soil fertility for cotton cropping. Cotton cropping, the mainstay of the savannah's economy, suffered from low productivity in relation to the soils chemical properties. Prior cultivation, soils samples were collected at a depth of 0 to 30 cm, collecting 32 simple samples to generate a complete sample. The samples were sent to the soil laboratory to measure the pH unities, CEC, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, iron, zinc, copper and manganese contents. In order to facilitate the interpretation of analysis results, the nutrients critical level recommended for optimum production of cotton were used. Results showed that soils had pH ranging from 4.4 to 6.4. On the other hand, the need to add nitrogen, magnesium and phosphorus to the soils and to augment the low carbon, calcium and potassium content. There is the need to search for fertilizer formulations with nitrogen, magnesium phosphorus and calcium for the Cote d'Ivoire cotton belt.
extensão universitária e o exercício da práxis no campo informacional
Authors: Calil Junior Alberto , Sá Nysia Oliveira de , Zattar Marianna
Published: August 2021

Discorre sobre aspectos das relações entre os saberes e fazeres construídos nas universidades públicas brasileiras e na sociedade, focados nos debates sobre infodemia e desinformação, tendo por base três ações de extensão universitária, em 2020, entre a Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro e a Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro com bibliotecas escolares e comunitárias. Para tanto, entende-se competência em informação como o conjunto de saberes e práticas articulados dialogicamente que possibilitam a construção do pensamento crítico, da avaliação criteriosa e do uso solidário e ético da informação, bem como a tessitura de estruturas que promovam ações cidadãs e engajadas com o bem comum. Destaca-se o protagonismo das universidades públicas nas soluções para a pandemia na sociedade brasileira, principalmente no fortalecimento de ações oriundas de projetos de extensão e no debate sobre a relevância do ensino superior e da educação como bem público.
Bots as online impersonators
Authors: Santini Rose Marie , Salles Débora , Estrella Charbelly Estrella , Barros Carlos Eduardo , Orofino Daniela
Published: August 2021

Social bots are automated agents programmed to act on social media impersonating human behaviour to influence discussions online. This paper aims to contribute to the discussion of how bots can endanger online communication and alter information flows. We resorted to a mixed-method approach based on grounded theory and observational techniques in order to investigate the bots’ activities online during the 2016 municipal elections in Rio de Janeiro. We collected related content on Twitter in this period and detected 3,101 bots. This sample was classified in three categories based on tweeting content: user-generated bot, media spambot, and political bot. Our findings indicate that, although bots work for different political and social purposes, their computational nature claims into service of dominant social groups and economical elites. We conclude that computational propaganda is building a dangerous scenario of widespread automation in which different kinds of algorithms bias social media conversation.
From critical information literacy to a critical theory of information
Authors: Coelho Bezerra Arthur
Published: August 2021

In addition to proposing a reflective and revisionist analysis of information literacy conventions and institutional norms, critical information literacy studies assume a practical commitment to engage in the struggle against the power structures that support the dominant production and dissemination of information, creating obstacles to autonomy and social emancipation. This commitment is based on Paulo Freire's pedagogical perspective of praxis, which has in its (often overlooked) roots the critical fortune of Marxist historical materialism – which, in turn, also underpins the critical theory of the Frankfurt School philosophers. With this epistemological recognition in mind, this article presents a proposal for a critical theory of information conceived from a mediation between critical information literacy studies, critical pedagogy and critical theory, in an attempt to strengthen the theoretical-methodological perspective that guides the pedagogical praxis of such studies in the field of Library and Information Science.
Science, Innovation, Communication and Ethics in the days of COVID-19 in Latin America
Authors: Chibás Ortiz Felipe , Pantaleón Matamoros Efrain , Torres Wânia , Fischer Rachel
Published: August 2021

Two renowned Cuban scientists and professors who arrived in Brazil in the last decade of the last century, completed their doctorates at USP and expanded their professional achievements in the country, share in a relaxed way their knowledge and experiences about Science, Technology, Communication and Ethics in the times of COVID-19 in Latin America. One of them from the Exact Sciences area, Efrain Pantaleón Matamoros; and the other from Social Sciences, Felipe Chibás Ortiz. The views of these two Latin American researchers - who have previously written an article together on Innovation Management - now speak of these themes from the perspectives of different sciences, in an enriching way – relevant to the context of the ‘new-normal’ during the times of Covid-19. This article, presented as an interview, reflects on what these two experts have to say about Science, Technology, Innovation, Communication and Ethics in the days of COVID-19 in Latin America, from their unique perspectives.
Book review
Authors: Rockembach Moises
Published: August 2021

In this book review, Collaboration in Designing a Pedagogical Approach in Information Literacy (Landøy, Popa, Repanovici, 2020), we address the main characteristics approached by the authors, such as conceptual issues of information literacy, pedagogical approaches, the use of tools and exercises for the development of critical thinking about selection and use of information sources. This book, published by Springer in 2020 and open access, becomes a pedagogical option for addressing the topic of information literacy in the training of new information professionals.
KOSOVA’DA TÜRKÇE EĞİTİM VEREN ÖĞRETMENLERİN MOTİVASYON ETKENLERİ
Authors: Selimko Elif
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı sınıf öğretmenlerini ve okulöncesi öğretmenliği motive eden ve onların motivasyonunu bozan iç ve dış motivasyon etkenlerini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Nitel araştırma yöntemi ve veri toplama aracı olarak anket formu kullanılmıştır.
Araştırma, 2020–2021 eğitim–öğretim yılının ikinci döneminde, Prizren şehrinde bulunan 3 devlet ilköğretim okulunda görev yapan 16 sınıf öğretmeniyle, 3 devlet ve 3 özel’de bulunan 14 anaokulu (Türk ve Arnavut) öğretmeniyle yapılmıştır.
Yapılan analizler sonucu elde edilen bulgulara göre, özel okullarda çalışan öğretmenlerin devlet okullarına kıyasen yaş ortalamasının daha düşük olduğu, yönetimin tutum ve davranışları, öğretmenlerin işlerinde doyuma ulaşmalarında
ve işlerinde motive olmalarına etkisinin olduğu görülmektedir. Okulların çalışma ortamı, öğrencilerin takdir görmesi ile ilgili olarak ve aldıkları maaş ile ilgili daha olumlu düşünceler ifade edilmektedir. Genel olarak mesleklerinin
kendilerine performanslarını değerlendirme şansı verdiğini, çalışma arkadaşlarıyla olan pozitif diyaloglar ve aralarındaki dayanışma, yaptıkları işi önemli ve anlamlı bulmaları ve işlerini yaparken kendilerini stres altında hissetmemeleri
motivasyonlarının yükselmesine etken olduğu belirtilmiştir.
POSTPARTUM HAEMORRHAGE;
Authors: Junejo Raheela Rani , Junejo Rabail Rani , Baloch Shahla , Sikandar Raheel , Khaskheli Mehrunnisa
Published: August 2021

Objectives: To determine the frequency of postpartum haemorrhage in obeseprimigravid women. Study Design: Case series study. Period: Six months was conductedfrom 1st October 2014 to 30 March 2015. Setting: Department of gynecology and obstetricsat Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro. Patients and Methods: All the primigravid obese(≥30kg/m2) ladies 18 to 35 years of age with 37-42 weeks of gestational age were evaluate forthe occurrence of PPH by estimating blood loss of greater than 500 ml of blood following vaginaldelivery or 1000 ml of blood loss following caesarean section. All data was entered and analyzedthrough statistical package SPSS version 17, the chi-square statistical test was applied and thep-value ≤0.05 was considered as statistical significant. Results: Total 203 primigravid obeseladies were studies, the age group was analyzed which shows that in age group between 18-25years were 105(52.00%) women, in age group of 26-30 years were 62(30.69%) women and agegroup of 30 years and above were 35 (17.31%) women. The modes of delivery were evaluatedwhich shows that 66.5% women underwent C-section and 33.4% women had normal vaginaldelivery. The PPH was observed in 34.97% patients (70.4% with C-Section and 29.6 with NVD).Conclusion: Obesity carries a significant increased risk of complications during pregnancyand maternal risks during labour are PPH and more frequent C-section and nulliparous obesewomen have twofold high risk for PPH
PEMPHIGUS VULGARIS;
Authors: Talat Humaira , Mirza Reema , Sajid Madiha , Mansoor Maria , Wahid Zarnaz , Majeed Saba
Published: August 2021

Objectives: To determine the frequency of Pulmonary Tuberculosis inPemphigus Vulgaris patients on immunosuppressive therapy for more than one year. StudyDesign: Prospective Cross Sectional. Plan and Duration of Study: The study was conductedat Dermatology department Civil Hospital Karachi (a tertiary care hospital affiliated with DowUniversity of Health Sciences). It was conducted from January 2016 to June 2016. Materialand Methods: The study included 31 diagnosed cases of Pemphigus Vulgaris patients onimmunosuppressive drugs for more than one year. These patients were either admittedin dermatology ward CHK or presented in CHK OPD. A Pro-forma was used to record thehistory, physical examination and results of screening tests. Results: Out of 31 PemphigusVulgaris patients who were on immunosuppressive drugs for more 1 year, 3 patients (9.6%)developed Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Conclusion: Patients of Pemphigus Vulgaris on long termimmunosuppressant drugs can develop Pulmonary Tuberculosis.
HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY;
Authors: Hussain Mazhar , Rehman Habib-Ur- , Akhtar Lubna , Ghafoor Muhammad Bilal
Published: August 2021

Background: Hepatic encephalopathy is one of the fatal complications of livercirrhosis in clinical setting. A number of drugs with varied response have been tried up till now.Objectives: To compare the efficacy of lactulsoe alone and in combination with rifaxamin incases with hepatic encephalopathy. Study Design: Randomized control trail. Setting: SheikhZayed Hospital (SZH) Rahim Yar Khan (RYK). Period: January 2015 to October 2015. Patientsand Methods: 120 cases of liver cirrhosis with encephalopathy were randomized into differentgrades according to West Haven’s criteria. These cases were then equally divided into group Aand B. Group A was treated with lactulose alone while group B was treated with lactulose plusrifaxamin with their standard doses. The cases were assessed for their improvement in symptomson West Haven’s scale and the cases with complete resolution of symptoms were labeled ascured. The mortality benefit was also noted. Results: The mean age was 43.24± 8.34 yearsand mean duration of symptoms was 3.45± 0.8 days. There was no significant difference interms of child pugh score in both groups with p= 0.69. There was also no significant differencein both groups in terms of grades of encephalopathy (p= 0.21). However there was significantbetter efficacy and decreased mortality in group B as compared to A with p values of 0.02 and0.03 respectively. Conclusion: Lactulose combined with rifaxamin has significant improvementin encephalopathy as well as in reducing mortality in comparison with lactulsoe alone
PRE-OPERATIVE SURGICAL PATIENTS;
Authors: Umer Muhammad , Abbas Ferhat , Shafee Muhammad , Rauf Abdul , - Najeebullah , Naeem Muhammad , Siddique Ghazalla , Muhammad Amir
Published: August 2021

Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate sero-prevalence of HBs Ag(Hepatitis-B surface antigen), its knowledge and attitudes in preoperative general surgerypatients in Quetta, Pakistan. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Place and Duration ofStudy: This study was carried out (April - September, 2016) and was screened in BalochistanLab Brewery Road, Quetta. Methodology: 1000 preoperative patients from four ethnic groupspredominantly present in surgical department of multiple hospitals of Quetta. Serum wassubjected to chromatography immunoassay (ICT) and samples were reconfirmed throughEnzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Demographical data, knowledge and attitudes werealso collected using valid predesigned questionnaire. Results : Overall, prevalence 7.0% wereobserved with highest in Baloch population, 10.3 %, followed by Hazara community, 8.0 %,While Pashtoon were with 5.7 % and Panjabi population with 2.3 %. Statistically non-significantdifference was observed in males and female population (P < 0.05). 03 of the patients werefalse negative with ICT when reconfirmed by ELISA. Overall, population show poor knowledgeand attitudes in preoperative surgery patients toward Hepatitis B infection. Conclusion: TheHBs Ag determination using rapid Immunochromatography device test should only be used formass scale screening and results may be verified with ELISA to eliminate the chances of falsenegative cases.