bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crise tireotóxica: relato de caso e revisão de literatura
Authors: Alencar Jairo Maropo de , Souza Carlos Henrique Câmara de , Souza Carlos Henrique Câmara de , Fonseca Camilla Menezes , Fonseca Camilla Menezes , Florêncio Geyson Santos , Florêncio Geyson Santos , Vogas Karen Batista , Vogas Karen Batista , Ellinger Vivian , Ellinger Vivian
Published: July 2016

A crise tireotóxica é uma manifestação clínica aguda decorrente de exacerbação da atividade tireoideana em pacientes acometidos por hipertireoidismo. É uma desordem rara, secundária à tireotoxicose, que acomete mais comumente adultos. O artigo faz um relato de caso de uma paciente acometida por crise tireotóxica que só obteve o diagnóstico de hiperfunção tireoidiana após o quadro de descompensação. Salientamos a necessidade de medidas emergenciais, como o diagnóstico oportuno e a instituição precoce de drogas, que sejam capazes de reduzir os níveis hormonais tireoidianos e compensá-la hemodinamicamente, de tal forma que possamos evitar um desfecho trágico para o evento, além disso, essa descrição visa reforçar os dados epidemiológicos locais quanto a essa situação clínica, uma vez que esse é o 1º caso de crise tireotóxica relatado no Hospital Universitário Sul Fluminense.
Comparação da sensibilidade de técnicas diagnósticas diretas para identificação de babesiose em equinos
Authors: De Carvalho Fabiola Souza , Gomes Gustavo Mendes , Botteon Paulo De Tarso Langraf , De Abreu Ana Paula Martinez , Guedes Pedro Henrique Evangelista , Crespilho André Maciel , Gomes Letícia Patrão de Macedo
Published: July 2016

A babesiose tem sido descrita como uma das principais enfermidades na equideocultura brasileira, gerando consideráveis perdas econômicas, o que exige diagnóstico rápido e eficaz. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a sensibilidade de três técnicas diagnósticas diretas na detecção dessa doença, sendo elas:a pesquisa do hemocitozoário em esfregaços de sangue total, periférico eobtido por punção esplênica. Foram submetidos ao estudo 13 equinos com faixa etária entre 07 e 20 anos e peso médio de 341 kg. As coletas foram realizadas entre os meses de janeiro e março de 2014. Das técnicas avaliadas, o esfregaço sanguíneo de punção esplênica apresentou maior sensibilidade na identificação de animais positivos quando comparado às demais.
Estudo Preliminar sobre a Ocorrência de Leishmaniose Visceral em Seres Humanos no Município de Vassouras, RJ, Brasil.
Authors: Petrin Robson Vettore Nogueira , Silva João Pedro Maciel de Almeida , Faria Gisele Euzébio de , Mendonça Caio Do Canto , Tavares Walter , Carvalho Flávia Clare Goulart de
Published: July 2016

Procurou-se identificar a infecção humana por Leishmania chagasi em dois bairros da cidade de Vassouras, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, onde foram identificados cães infectados por esse parasito. Foi realizada sorologia por técnica de ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) em 17 pessoas que tiveram contato com cães infectados. A sorologia foi negativa em todas as amostras colhidas. Paralelamente, realizou-se trabalho educativo junto à população dos locais estudados, esclarecendo sobre medidas preventivas em relação ao calazar, enfermidade cuja descrição vem aumentando em municípios próximos a Vassouras.
A Luta entre a Dama de Negro e a Dama de Branco: Cuidados de Enfermagem na Terminalidade
Authors: Moreira Luã Gianine , Da Silva Eliara Adelino , Da Silva Thiago Augusto Monteiro
Published: July 2016

Trata-se de um estudo baseado no relato de experiência da percepção do acadêmico de enfermagem sobre os cuidados paliativos e terminalidade. Os objetivos foram relatar os conflitos vivenciados pelo autor deste estudo frente ao cuidado paliativo com um familiar e paciente oncológico; Descrever as contribuições deste cuidado para a família e paciente diante do sofrimento, tratamento da dor, alívio dos sintomas, apoio emocional e social; Descrever os dilemas vivenciados pelo autor diante da terminalidade do seu ente querido. O estudo utilizou um método qualitativo, descritivo, dividido em etapas: levantamento de referências bibliográficas com o propósito de embasar e nortear o relato a ser desenvolvido, contextualizando a experiência com as Teorias do Cuidado Humano de Jean Watson e Cecília Saunders, seguido de uma análise interpretativa do autor diante dos cuidados paliativos oferecidos ao seu familiar. Durante esta vivência, o autor enfrentou fatores que modificaram suas percepções do cuidado paliativo, incluindo a peregrinação em busca de respostas, turbulências e conflitos familiares referentes ao prognóstico médico e dificuldades de se tornar alicerce para os familiares em relação ao suporte emocional, socioeconômico e espiritual na reconstrução de paradigmas, repensando assim a terminalidade. Este estudo possibilitou um olhar diferenciado sobre a terminalidade e a existência da subjetividade presentes no processo morte-morrer, vinculado a humanização da assistência prestada.
A temática da Rede Cegonha e a inserção do enfermeiro nesse contexto
Authors: Monteiro de Oliveira Edith , Celento Denize Duarte
Published: July 2016

Esta pesquisa justifica-se em função da análise de conhecimento da rede de atenção à Saúde vigente, em busca de um novo padrão capaz de melhorar o atual modelo de atenção obstétrica. O objetivo principal é descrever a Rede Cegonha e analisar o papel do enfermeiro nesse contexto. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica de publicações entre 2010 e 2014, na base de dados BIREME, e legislações por órgãos reguladores da área da Saúde. A Rede Cegonha prevê ações para a melhoria do acesso e da qualidade da assistência à mulher e da criança, por meio de ações inseridas em quatro componentes fundamentais da estratégia, que são: pré-natal; parto e nascimento; puerpério e atenção integral à Saúde da criança e sistema logístico de transporte, sanitário e regulamentação. A estratégia busca uma mudança visionária em relação ao modelo de atenção ao parto e nascimento praticado no país, valorizando o profissional de Enfermagem que participa de todos os níveis de assistência, viabilizando o acesso, o acolhimento e a resolubilidade, de forma a assegurar à mulher seu direito de ser protagonista do processo parturitivo.
Ambiente Visual para o Desenvolvimento de Jogos Eletrônicos
Authors: Barboza Diego Cordeiro , Da Silva Júlio César
Published: July 2016

Este artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento de um software para auxílio ao desenvolvimento de jogos eletrônicos, no qual é possível definir a lógica do jogo utilizando apenas componentes gráficos reutilizáveis, sem necessidade de codificação. O trabalho trata do desenvolvimento de um wrapper para a biblioteca gráfica utilizada, um framework para o desenvolvimento de jogos em geral e a ferramenta gráfica em si em conjunto com um gerador de código responsável por traduzir as ações do usuário em código-fonte em uma linguagem de programação.
VisuAlg - Ferramenta de Apoio ao Ensino de Programação
Authors: De Souza Cláudio Morgado
Published: July 2016

Historicamente, o ensino de programação tem sido considerado de difícil entendimento para os alunos por diversos motivos: falta de preparo dos estudantes, ausência de uma didática adequada e de ferramentas computacionais que ajudem os atores (professores e estudantes) a superarem os problemas que se apresentam no processo ensino-aprendizagem. Neste artigo discutem-se alguns aspectos das dificuldades no ensino de programação e apresenta-se o VisuAlg, programa que pretende auxiliar estudantes e professores a obter um maior entendimento e rendimento no estudo de disciplinas da área de programação.
Caracterização de bebida láctea pasteurizada com adição de ferro
Authors: Sousa Clarice Dos Santos , Fernandes Bárbara Cruz Tavares de Macedo , Fernandes Paulo Henrique S.
Published: July 2016

A caracterização físico-química e microbiológica de uma bebida láctea pasteurizada com adição de ferro foi realizada com o intuito de avaliação de qualidade. Na análise físico-química a bebida apresentou 12,67ºD de acidez; 2,07% de lipídeos; 1,16% de proteínas; 16,70% de carboidratos, 9,22% em extrato seco total; 7,15% de extrato seco desengordurado; 0,38% de cinzas; 79,69% de umidade; 90,04% de calorias e um pH de 6,53. Para a caracterização microbiológica foram realizadas análises de coliformes totais a 30ºC e de mesófilos restritos que apresentaram resultados dentro do permitido pela legislação vigente. A concentração de ferro na bebida foi de 2,5 mg/100 ml, abaixo do ideal para a bebida ser considerada alimento enriquecido ou fortificado. O ferro é adicionado à bebida na forma de sulfato e grandes concentrações suas podem alterar as características sensoriais da bebida, tornando-a imprópria para comercialização.
Comparação da progressão do nível de maturação entre composto de látex maturado e pré-vulcanizado em relação ao tempo
Authors: Da Silva Juliana Pereira , Neto Miguel Rascado Fraguas , Cardoso Carlos Eduardo
Published: July 2016

Neste trabalho, realizado em escala de laboratório, comparou-se a progressão do nível de maturação entre compostos maturados e compostos pré-vulcanizados de látex. Os compostos foram feitos a partir das mesmas matériasprimas, diferindo apenas na adição das dispersões, e foram submetidos a dois tipos diferentes de maturação: maturação à temperatura ambiente e maturação por pré-vulcanização. Comparou-se o tempo gasto para atingir os diferentes níveis de maturação pelo teste de clorofórmio, além da produção de filmes por imersão. A maturação e a pré-vulcanização praticamente não diferiram quanto à deformação e aos furos, mas apresentaram diferença notável quanto ao tempo gasto na maturação, tendo o composto pré-vulcanizado mais eficiência neste aspecto.
Nutritional Alterations Associated with Neurological and Neurosurgical Diseases
Authors: Dionyssiotis Yannis , Papachristos Aris , Petropoulou Konstantina , Papathanasiou Jannis , Papagelopoulos Panayiotis
Published: July 2016

Neurological and neurosurgical diseases lead to complications producing malnutrition increasing pathology and mortality. In order to avoid complications because of malnutrition or overcome deficiencies in nutrients supplements are often used for these subjects. The physiopathological mechanisms of malnutrition, methods of nutritional assessment and the supplemental support are reviewed in this paper based on the assumption that patients need to receive adequate nutrition to promote optimal recovery, placing nutrition as a first line treatment and not an afterthought in the rehabilitation.
Korszakok és korszakhatárok az üzleti informatikában
Authors: Bőgel György
Published: July 2016

Egy iparág történetének korszakokra bontása segítséget ad a fejlődés logikájának megértéséhez. A korszakváltások fordulópontot jelentenek a szektor szereplőinek életében, hiszen az új körülményekhez másképpen kell alkalmazkodni, megváltoznak a versenyfeltételek és ennek következtében átalakul a versenymezőny is. Az üzleti informatika fejlődése többféle módon bontható korszakokra. A cikk összefoglalja azokat a szempontokat, amelyek alapján fontos fejlődési periódusok határolhatók el, majd több lehetséges korszakolási módot mutat be. A befejezés az iparág jelenlegi állapotának jellemzőivel és a jövő várható trendjeivel foglalkozik.
Az európai uniós támogatások hatásának vizsgálata
Authors: Tron Zsuzsanna
Published: July 2016

Nagy általánosságban elfogadott nézet, hogy az Európai Unióból érkező támogatások jelentős növekedési többletet generálnak. A strukturális alapok potenciális hatásait számszerűsítő, az Európai Bizottság által elvégeztetett modellszimulációk alá is támasztják a pozitív várakozásokat. Az alapok tényleges hatását vizsgáló empirikus tanulmányok azonban meglehetősen szerény, az alapoknak tulajdonítható növekedési és felzárkózási többletről számolnak be1. Ennek az ellentétnek a feloldását tűzte célul a jelen írás, mely a következő logikai szálon halad. Először bemutatja az EU-ban kialakult értékelési folyamatot és típusait, majd megvizsgálja az egyes értékelési módszerekből levonható tanulságokat az esettanulmányok, a modellszimulációk és az ökonometriai tanulmányok mélyebb elemzésével. A cikk következtetése, hogy a regionális politika szándékai csak korlátozottan érvényesülnek, melynek okai többek között a támogatások kiszorító hatásában, a járadékvadászatban és a kormányok erkölcsi kockázatában keresendő.
Implementing Risk Adjusted Capitation Payments with Health Care Reforms in Hung
Authors: Nagy Balázs , Brandtmüller Ágnes
Published: July 2016

Since the late nineties Hungarian governments have been considering the introduction of new health care arrangements by establishing organizations with devolved responsibilities for the management of health care. These organizations are typically financed through a weighted (risk adjusted) capitation system which is regarded as an adequate and optimal tool for resource allocation purposes. Through capitation one needs to handle large inequities in the Hungarian health care system and keep an eye on the incentives for efficiency. For the capitation formula a relatively broad choice of risk adjusters are available in the form of pharmacy- and diagnosis-based patient level utilization data (health-based adjusters) and area level socio-economic data (non health-based adjusters). The instant application of health-based adjusters has limitations because they reflect a distorted provider structure and offer perverse incentives; therefore a gradual shift from using non health-based adjusters to health-based adjusters is preferred. The early phase of the capitation system also implies a strong presence of risk sharing arrangements and other complementary policies. Given that promoting efficiency and equity are to be pursued, the capitation approach outlined in this paper should serve as a guide to future Hungarian health care system reforms.

Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) code: I28, G28, G32, H51
Adatbányászat üzleti szemmel (I. rész)
Authors: Harmati Attila
Published: July 2016

Organizations in the 21st century - whether they are profitoriented or not, in private ownership or state-owned - can increase their efficiency with an outstanding tool. This tool is data mining. This article first of all defines and presents data mining, and locates it in the process of 'Knowledge Discovery in Databases'. Following this we review the fields of employment of data mining and the basic methods employed. In particular we discuss the method of classification and the theoretical background of the main techniques, such as decision trees, neural networks and logistic regression models. The second part of this paper presents the real world application of this technology by way of an analysis of a real database.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classification: C25, C44, C45, C49
A reklámberuházások versenyre gyakorolt hatásának és gazdasági növekedéssel való összefüggéseinek vizsgálata
Authors: Kovács Kármen
Published: July 2016

The amount of advertising investments is increasing dynamically worldwide, but returns are decreasing significantly. This is largely the consequence of growing market competition. In connection with this I analyze the role of advertising and the effect of advertising on demand and competition, then I study the relation between advertising and economic growth in this paper. I have conducted a survey among European countries to scrutinize the relation between advertising expenditures. My other assumption had to be rejected as a positive relation does not exist between GDP per capita and advertising investment rate.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classification: D21, E01, M21, M37
Should Economists Like Predation or Not?
Authors: Torok Adam
Published: July 2016

(A Note on 'Economic Principles of Predatory (Exclusionary Pricing in the US and in the EU - Their (mis) Application in Some Recent Competition Law Cases of the European Community Commission and the Court of First Instance' by Zoltan Bara).
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classification: K21, L12, L41
Relationship between serum tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 concentration and periodontal destruction in patients with type 2 diabetes: Cross-sectional study
Authors: Matic-Petrovic Sanja , Pucar Ana , Jotic Aleksandra , Milicic Biljana , Arambasic-Jovanovic Jelena , Vidakovic Melita , Lekovic Vojislav
Published: July 2016

Introduction. The role of tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF?) is well documented
in pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis (CP) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Considering short half-life of TNF?, tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 (TNFR2)
is used as prosperous surrogate marker of TNF? activity. Objective. The aim
was to detect TNFR2 serum concentration and correlate it with periodontal
destruction in patients with diagnosed T2D and nondiabetics. Methods. The
study included 85 patients divided into three groups: T2D + CP (group T2D, n
= 34); nondiabetics + CP (Group PD, n = 27); and healthy controls (group HC,
n = 24). T2D was diagnosed according to WHO criteria (2013) and periodontitis
was diagnosed using International Workshop for a Classification of
Periodontal Diseases and Conditions criteria (1999). TNFR2 level was measured
by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. There was no
difference in TNFR2 level among the groups (Kruskal-Wallis, p = 0.482).
Significant correlation (Pearson?s correlation coefficient) was observed
between clinical attachment loss (CAL) and TNFR2 concentration in PD group
(rp = -0.460, p = 0.016). In T2D group, correlations were observed between
TNFR2 concentration and CAL (rp = 0.363, p = 0.005) and periodontal inflamed
surface area (PISA) (rp = 0.345, p = 0.046) and periodontal epithelial
surface area (PESA) (rp = 0.578, p = 0.000). Conclusion. Higher concentration
of TNFR2 was associated with higher CAL, PESA, and PISA scores in T2D group.
Contrary to that, nondiabetics with higher values of CAL exhibited lower
concentration of TNFR2, presenting potential protective effect on periodontal
destruction. These results imply that diabetes may alter TNFR2 secretion
originated from periodontium.
Results of open tibial fracture treatment using external fixation
Authors: Golubovic Ivan , Ristic Branko , Stojiljkovic Predrag , Ciric Milan , Golubovic Ivana , Radovanovic Zoran , Petrovic Sladjana , Djordjevic Nina , Golubovic Zoran , Najman Stevo
Published: July 2016

Introduction. Open lower leg fractures are the most common open fractures of
the locomotor system and their treatment is associated with a number of
complications. Objective. The aim of the paper was to present the results of
the treatment of 68 patients with open lower leg fractures, as well as the
complications that accompany the treatment of these fractures. Methods. In
the analyzed group, there were 45 (66.18%) men and 23 (33.82%) women. The
majority of patients - 33 (48.53%) of them - were injured in motor vehicle
accidents, whereas 24 (35.29%) patients sustained injuries due to falls from
heights. In two (2.94%) patients the cause of open tibial fractures was
gunshot injuries. In the analyzed group, there were 18 (26.47%) type I open
fractures, 21 (30.88%) type II open fractures, 19 (27.94%) type IIIA open
fractures, seven (10.29%) type IIIB open fractures, and three (4.41%) type
IIIC open fractures. Results. The tibial shaft fracture healed without
serious complications in 50 (73.53%) patients, whereas in 18 (26.47%)
patients we observed some complications. Nonunion was found in 10 (14.71%)
patients, osteitis in four (5.88), malunion in two (2.94%) patients. Milder
complications such as soft tissue pin tract infection developed in 13
(19.12%) patients, infection of the open fracture wound soft tissue was
observed in four (5.88%) patients. Conclusion. Basic principles in the
treatment of open lower leg fractures in this study are thorough primary open
fracture wound treatment followed by the delayed wound closure, stable
fracture fixation using unilateral external skeletal device, proper
antibiotic treatment and tetanus prophylaxis. The results correlate with
similar studies.
Recurrent malignant otitis externa with multiple cranial nerve involvement: A case report
Authors: Djeric Dragoslava , Folic Miljan , Janicijevic Milos , Blazic Srbislav , Popadic Danka
Published: July 2016

Introduction. Necrotizing otitis externa is a rare but conditionally fatal
infection of external auditory canal with extension to deep soft tissue and
bones, resulting in necrosis and osteomyelitis of the temporal bone and scull
base. This condition is also known as malignant otitis due to an aggressive
behavior and poor treatment response. Early diagnosis of malignant otitis is
a difficult challenge. We present an illustrative case of necrotizing otitis
externa and suggest some strategies to avoid diagnostic and treatment
pitfalls. Case Outline. A 70-year-old patient presented with signs of
malignant otitis externa, complicated by peripheral facial palsy. Adequate
diagnostic and treatment procedures were performed with clinical signs of
resolution. The recurrence of malignant infection had presented three months
after previous infection with multiple cranial nerve neuropathies and signs
of jugular vein and lateral sinus thrombosis. An aggressive antibiotic
treatment and surgery were carried out, followed by substantial recovery of
the patient and complete restoration of cranial nerves? functions.
Conclusion. Necrotizing otitis externa is a serious condition with uncertain
prognosis. The suspicion of malignant external otitis should be raised in
cases of resistance to topical treatment, especially in patient with
predisposing factors. Evidence-based guideline for necrotizing otitis externa
still doesn?t exist and treatment protocol should be adjusted to individual
presentation of each patient.
Metastatic malignant melanoma of the uterus diagnosed by colposcopy
Authors: Zivadinovic Radomir , Mijovic Zaklina , Petric Aleksandra , Popovic Jasmina , Vukomanovic Predrag , Trenkic Milan , Krtinic Dane
Published: July 2016

Introduction. Primary and metastatic malignant melanomas represent a rare
diagnosis with a small number of described cases. The aggressive nature of
the tumor, non-specific symptoms, difficult diagnosis, and no official
protocol about the treatment result in poor disease prognosis. Case Outline.
The authors presented a 41-year-old multigravida patient. She had an
operation of malignant melanoma in the occipital area of the head. She went
to her gynecologist because of increased pale pink vaginal secretion.
Gynecological examination didn?t show any significant abnormalities apart
from a slightly enlarged uterus. Papanicolaou test and vaginal secretion
examination were normal. Colposcopically, a significant dark brown
hyperpigmented area around 1 cm in size was observed on the posterior lip of
the cervix, near the orifice and cervical canal, suspicious of melanoma,
which was proven on targeted biopsy of the hyperpigmented change on the
cervix, and by magnetic resonance imaging of the lesser pelvis. Classic
hysterectomy with adnexectomy and regional pelvic lymphadenectomy were
performed. Conclusion. This case report pointed out the significance of
applying colposcopy in diagnosing suspected metastatic melanoma of the
uterine cervix, along with other diagnostic methods and anamnestic data.
Anorectal melanoma and seborrheic dermatitis - a case report
Authors: Vekic Berislav , Zivic Rastko , Kalezic Marko , Otasevic Suzana , Arsic-Arsenijevic Valentina
Published: July 2016

Introduction. Anorectal melanoma (ARM) is a rare and aggressive neoplasm with
predisposition for early infiltration, distant spread, and unfavorable
prognosis. It has been speculated that Malassezia yeasts could possibly have
an impact on skin carcinogenesis and development of melanoma, especially in
patients with seborrheic dermatitis (SD), due to production of aryl
hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists. Case Outline. A 52-year-old man with
intensive SD complained of a four-month-long rectal bleeding, tenesmus, pain,
and difficulty during defecation. On examination, a rectal tumor was detected
and histopathology of tumor tissue revealed ARM with positive protein S100,
melanoma antigen HMB45 and melan-A expression. After the diagnosis was
established, abdominoperineal resection of the anus and rectum was performed,
since the tumor was large, obstructive, and the anal sphincter was invaded.
Conclusion. Because of the possible impact of intensive SD to the cross-link
between Malassezia yeasts AhR agonists and skin carcinogenesis, we discussed
on this matter and reviewed the literature data regarding ARM. In addition to
?pathogenic? and ?non-pathogenic? Malassezia subtypes based on AhR agonist
production, future studies on Malassezia metabolites, their carcinogenic
effect in the skin and development of melanoma are needed. If the cross-link
between Malassezia AhR agonists and skin carcinogenesis exists, timely
prevention of ARM could be done with Malassezia eradication, especially in
patients with severe SD.
The Effect of High Power Financial Incentives on Excessive Risk-Taking Behavior: An Experimental Examination
Authors: Brink Alisa G. , Hobson Jessen L. , Stevens Douglas E.
Published: July 2016

Recent attempts by policy makers to rein in high power financial incentives are predicated on the belief that such incentives cause managers to engage in excessive risk taking that is not in the best interest of the firm. This potential agency cost, however, has received little attention in the management accounting literature. We examine the effect of incentive power on excessive risk-taking behavior in a controlled experimental setting where managers make incentivized risk choices that affect the pay of the manager and another participant representing the firm. Our main results are, first, that the high power incentive generates more excessive risk taking than the low power incentive, despite both incentives being equivalent in expected value at the optimal level of risk for the firm. Second, changing from the low power to the high power incentive significantly increases excessive risk taking, but changing from the high power to the low power incentive does not significantly decrease excessive risk taking, indicating a stickiness effect that may hinder attempts to decrease this behavior. These results provide useful insights for agency theory and public policy.

JEL Classifications: C91; C92; D80; G30; J30; M40.
On the Association between Current Period Budget Target Achievability and the Properties of Nonfinancial Measures
Authors: Huang Jizhang , Balakrishnan Ramji , Pan Fei
Published: July 2016

Firms usually employ nonfinancial performance metrics (NFPMs) to measure progress toward long-term outcomes. They also often evaluate current performance by comparing outcomes on financial measures with budgeted targets. Thus, they can motivate actions that sacrifice current profit for favorable future outcomes directly by increasing the rewards for such actions and indirectly by reducing their opportunity cost. Combining these arguments, we examine the relation between the properties (congruity and measurability) of NFPMs used in incentive contracting and the achievability of the current period budget target, where achievability is the probability of obtaining the incentive payment tied to current period performance. Survey data from 179 divisions in Chinese firms support our prediction of a positive (negative) association between the congruity (measurability) of NFPMs and budget achievability. We also document an expected positive interaction effect between congruity and measurability.
Maxillary sinus volume in patients with impacted canines
Authors: Oz Aslihan Zeynep , Oz Abdullah Alper , El Hakan , Palomo Juan Martin
Published: July 2016

Objectives: To evaluate the maxillary sinus volumes in unilaterally impacted canine patients and to compare the volumetric changes that occur after the eruption of canines to the dental arch using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods: Pre- (T0) and posttreatment (T1) CBCT records of 30 patients were used to calculate maxillary sinus volumes between the impacted and erupted canine sides. The InVivoDental 5.0 program was used to measure the volume of the maxillary sinuses. The distance from impacted canine cusp tip to the target point on the palatal plane was also measured.

Results: Right maxillary sinus volume was statistically significantly smaller compared to that of the left maxillary sinus when the canine was impacted on the right side at T0. According to the T1 measurements there was no significant difference between the mean volumes of the impaction side and the contralateral side. The distance from the canine tip to its target point on the palatal plane were 17.17 mm, and the distance from the tip to the target point was 15.14 mm for the left- and right-side impacted canines, respectively, and there was a significant difference between the mean amount of change of both sides of maxillary sinuses after treatment of impacted canines.

Conclusions: Orthodontic treatment of impacted canines created a significant increase in maxillary sinus volume when the impacted canines were closer with respect to the maxillary sinus.
Effect of sensor location in dogs on performance of an interstitial glucose monitor
Authors: Koenig Amie , Hoenig Margarethe E. , Jimenez David A.
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE To identify variations in glucose values concurrently obtained by use of a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) at the same site, reliability of results for each site, lag time for each site, and influence of site thickness on CGMS accuracy.

ANIMALS 8 random-source research dogs.

PROCEDURES In experiment 1, 8 CGMS sensors were implanted bilaterally at 1 site (4 sensors/side) in 4 dogs. In experiment 2, 2 CGMS sensors were implanted bilaterally at each of 4 sites (1 sensor/side) in 8 dogs; 4 of those 8 dogs then were subjected to a glycemic clamp technique. The CGMS results were compared among sensors and with criterion-referenced results during periods of euglycemia for all 8 dogs and during hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia for 4 dogs during the glycemic clamp procedure.

RESULTS Differences (median, −7 mg/dL; interquartile range [IQR], −18.75 to 3 mg/dL) between CGMS and criterion-referenced glucose concentrations differed significantly among dogs and sites; during euglycemia, they were not different from the expected normal variation between multiple sensors concurrently implanted at the same site. Differences (median, −35 mg/dL; IQR, −74 to −15 mg/dL) between CGMS and criterion-referenced concentrations were greater during changes in glucose concentrations. Thoracic sensors were most accurate but had the shortest mean functional life.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Significant differences were detected between CGMS and criterion-referenced glucose concentrations. Overall clinical utility of CGMS was acceptable at all sites, with most of the values from all sensors, sites, and dogs meeting guidelines for point-of-care glucometers.
High-resolution manometric evaluation of the effects of cisapride on the esophagus during administration of solid and liquid boluses in awake healthy dogs
Authors: Ullal Tarini V. , Kass Philip H. , Conklin Jeffrey L. , Belafsky Peter C. , Marks Stanley L.
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE To validate the use of high-resolution manometry (HRM) in awake, healthy dogs and compare the effects of bolus type (liquid vs solid) and drug treatment (saline [0.9% NaCl] solution [SS] vs cisapride) on esophageal pressure profiles.

ANIMALS 8 healthy dogs.

PROCEDURES In a crossover study, each dog received SS (10 mL) IV, and HRM was performed during oral administration of 10 boluses (5 mL each) of water or 10 boluses (5 g each) of canned food. Cisapride (1 mg/kg in 60 mL of SS) was subsequently administered IV to 7 dogs; HRM and bolus administration procedures were repeated. Two to 4 weeks later, HRM was repeated following administration of SS and water and food boluses in 4 dogs. Pressure profile data were obtained for all swallows, and 11 outcome variables were statistically analyzed.

RESULTS After SS administration, predicted means for the esophageal contractile integral were 850.4 cm/mm Hg/s for food boluses and 660.3 cm/mm Hg/s for water boluses. Predicted means for esophageal contraction front velocity were 6.2 cm/s for water boluses and 5.6 cm/s for food boluses after SS administration. Predicted means for residual LES pressure were significantly higher following cisapride administration.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that HRM was feasible and repeatable in awake healthy dogs of various breeds and sizes. Stronger esophageal contractions and faster esophageal contraction velocity occurred during solid bolus and liquid bolus swallows, respectively. Lower esophageal sphincter pressure increased significantly following cisapride administration. Esophageal contractions and bolus transit latency should be further evaluated by HRM in clinically dysphagic dogs.
Prevalence of naturally occurring antibodies against dog erythrocyte antigen 7 in a population of dog erythrocyte antigen 7–negative dogs from Spain and Italy
Authors: Spada Eva , Proverbio Daniela , Viñals Flórez Luis Miguel , del Rosario Perlado Chamizo Maria , Serra y Gómez de la Serna Blanca , Perego Roberta , Baggiani Luciana
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of naturally occurring anti-dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 7 antibodies in DEA 7–negative dogs from Spain and Italy.

ANIMALS 252 DEA 7–negative dogs from a population of 312 dogs that were previously tested for DEA 1, DEA 4, and DEA 7.

PROCEDURES A plasma sample was obtained from each dog and evaluated for anti-DEA 7 antibodies by the use of gel column agglutination. Each plasma sample underwent major crossmatching with RBCs from DEA 7-positive dogs. Samples that resulted in agglutination were then crossmatched with RBCs from DEA 1-negative, DEA 4-positive, and DEA 7–negative dogs to confirm the presence of anti-DEA 7 antibodies. Results were then used to calculate the risk for a delayed transfusion reaction in a DEA 7–negative dog with anti-DEA 7 antibodies after a transfusion with blood that was not crossmatched or typed for DEA 7.

RESULTS 96 of 252 (38.1%) plasma samples contained anti-DEA 7 antibodies. A DEA 7–negative dog with anti-DEA 7 antibodies had a 5.9% chance of developing a delayed hemolytic reaction after transfusion with blood not crossmatched or typed for DEA 7.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that canine blood used for transfusion should be crossmatched with the blood or plasma of the intended recipient prior to transfusion to minimize the likelihood that the recipient will develop a hemolytic reaction associated with anti-DEA 7 antibodies. Ideal canine blood donors should be negative for both DEA 1 and DEA 7.
Effects of oral administration of metronidazole and doxycycline on olfactory capabilities of explosives detection dogs
Authors: Jenkins Eileen K. , Lee-Fowler Tekla M. , Angle T. Craig , Behrend Ellen N. , Moore George E.
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE To determine effects of oral administration of metronidazole or doxycycline on olfactory function in explosives detection (ED) dogs.

ANIMALS 18 ED dogs.

PROCEDURES Metronidazole was administered (25 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h for 10 days); the day prior to drug administration was designated day 0. Odor detection threshold was measured with a standard scent wheel and 3 explosives (ammonium nitrate, trinitrotoluene, and smokeless powder; weight, 1 to 500 mg) on days 0, 5, and 10. Lowest repeatable weight detected was recorded as the detection threshold. There was a 10-day washout period, and doxycycline was administered (5 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h for 10 days) and the testing protocol repeated. Degradation changes in the detection threshold for dogs were assessed.

RESULTS Metronidazole administration resulted in degradation of the detection threshold for 2 of 3 explosives (ammonium nitrate and trinitrotoluene). Nine of 18 dogs had a degradation of performance in response to 1 or more explosives (5 dogs had degradation on day 5 or 10 and 4 dogs had degradation on both days 5 and 10). There was no significant degradation during doxycycline administration.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Degradation in the ability to detect odors of explosives during metronidazole administration at 25 mg/kg, PO, every 12 hours, indicated a potential risk for use of this drug in ED dogs. Additional studies will be needed to determine whether lower doses would have the same effect. Doxycycline administered at the tested dose appeared to be safe for use in ED dogs.
Antral Bony Wall Erosion, Trigeminal Nerve Injury, and Enophthalmos after Root Canal Surgery
Authors: Costa Tiago , Ferreira Eduardo , Antunes Luis , Dinis Paulo Borges
Published: July 2016

Introduction

The frequently used irrigant in dental surgery, sodium hypochlorite, is occasionally the cause of minor, usually circumscribed, adverse effects. Severe, extensive complications, with lasting sequelae, however, also can occur, as in the case we report herein.

Case Report

A 55-year-old woman underwent an endodontic procedure on a maxillary molar, whose roots, unknown to the surgeon, were protruding into the maxillary sinus. After sodium hypochlorite root canal irrigation, the patient immediately developed intense facial pain, facial edema, and periorbital cellulitis. An emergency department evaluation diagnosed an intense inflammatory disease of the maxillary sinus, with significant destruction of its bony walls, accompanied by midface paraesthesia due to infraorbital nerve injury. In the following weeks, the patient slowly developed enophthalmos due to bone erosion of the orbit floor. Treatment, besides prolonged oral steroids, required the endoscopic endonasal opening of the maxillary sinus for profuse irrigation. Two years later, the patient maintained a complete loss of function of the maxillary sinus, anesthesia-paraesthesia of the midface, and inferior dystonia of the eye with an enophthalmos.

Conclusion

Dentists, maxillofacial surgeons, and otorhinolaryngologists should all be aware of the whole spectrum of complications of even the simplest dental work. Sodium hypochlorite irrigations should be used cautiously in root canal surgery, with the full awareness of its potential for causing soft-tissue damage.
Will You Stand for Me? Authentic Cariño and Transformative Rites of Passage in an Urban High School
Authors: Curry Marnie W.
Published: July 2016

This case study documents a small, urban high school that implements firewalks, innovative rites of passage in which low-income, racially, culturally, and linguistically diverse youth publicly reflect on their personal and academic development. Drawing from anthropological scholarship on rites of passage and scholarship on color-conscious care, I examine firewalks through a model of authentic cariño, which incorporates interpersonal and institutional care and emphasizes the dynamic interplay of familial, intellectual, and critical care. Based on analyses of school culture and firewalk enactment, I argue that authentic cariño is essential to nondominant students’ success and that rituals like firewalks productively help youth negotiate emergent cultural identities and develop collective social conscience, reflexivity, and agency.
Collective Action and Carbon Sequestration in Nepal
Authors: Bluffstone Randall , Somanathan Eswaran , Jha Prakash , Luintel Harisharan , Bista Rajesh , Toman Michael , Paudel Naya Sharma , Adhikari Bhim
Published: July 2016

This paper uses forest plot measurements and information on forest collective action to estimate the effects of collective action on four measures of forest quality (e.g., carbon content, tree density, seedling density and canopy cover) in Nepal. Carbon sequestration is of special interest because it may be creditable under Reducing Emmission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+). We find that community forest collective action sequesters carbon and appears to support several other forest quality measures. Even though registered community forests sequester more carbon than other forests, we find that non-registered community forests also show evidence of important collective action, with positive effects on forests.Journal of Forest and Livelihood 13(1) May, 2015, page : 1-7
Agro-forestry Systems as a Means to Achieve Carbon Co-benefits in Nepal
Authors: Bajracharya Roshan M. , Shrestha Him Lal , Shakya Ramesh , Sitaula Bishal K.
Published: July 2016

Land management regimes and forest types play an important role in the productivity and accumulation of terrestrial carbon pools. While it is commonly accepted that forests enhance carbon sequestration and conventional agriculture causes carbon depletion, the effects of agro-forestry are not well documented. This study investigated the carbon stocks in biomass and soil, along with the selected soil properties in agro-forestry plots compared to community forests (CF) and upland farms in Chitwan, Gorkha and Rasuwa districts of Central Nepal during the year 2012-2013. We determined the total above ground biomass carbon, soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and soil properties (bulk density, organic carbon per cent, pH, total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (P), exchangeable potassium (K), and cation exchange capacity (CEC)) on samples taken from four replicates of 500 m2 plots each in community forests, agro-forestry systems and agricultural land. The soil was sampled in two increments at 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depths and intact cores removed for bulk density and SOC determination, while loose samples were separately collected for the laboratory analysis of other soil properties. The mean SOC percent and corresponding soil carbon stocks to 30 cm depth were generally highest in CF (3.71 and 3.69 per cent, and 74.98 and 76.24 t ha-1, respectively), followed by leasehold forest (LHF) (2.26 and 1.13 per cent and 40.72 and 21.34 t ha-1, respectively) and least in the agricultural land (3.05 and 1.09 per cent, and 63.54 and 19.42 t ha-1, respectively). This trend was not, however, observed in Chitwan, where agriculture (AG) had the highest SOC content (1.98 per cent) and soil carbon stocks (42.5 t ha-1), followed by CF (1.8 per cent and 41.2 t ha-1) and leasehold forests (1.56 per cent and 35.3 t ha-1) although the differences were not statistically significant. Other soil properties were not significantly different among land use types with the exceptions of pH, total N, available P and CEC in the Chitwan plots. Typically, SOC and soil carbon stocks (to 30cm depth) were positively correlated with each other and with TN and CEC. The AGB-C was expectantly highest in Rasuwa district CF (ranging from 107.3 to 260.3 t ha-1) due to dense growth and cool climate, followed by Gorkha (3.1 to 118.4 t ha-1), and least in Chitwan (17.6 to 95.2 t ha-1). The highest C stocks for agro-forestry systems in both above ground and soil were observed in Rasuwa, followed by Chitwan district. Besides forests, agro-forestry systems also hold good potential to store and accumulate carbon, hence they have scope for contributing to climate change mitigation and adaptation with co-benefits.Journal of Forest and Livelihood 13(1) May, 2015, page: 56-68
Here and there!: An experience
Authors: Shankar PR
Published: July 2016

No abstract.Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2015) Vol. 3 (1): 1-4
Ionothermal Synthesis in an Ionic Liquid and Crystal Structure of [C4H12N2] [CoCl4]
Authors: Sun Taifan , Feng Shide , Lu Bin , Cai Qinghai
Published: July 2016

The compound [C4H12N2][CoCl4] was ionothermally synthesised in an ionic liquid medium and shown by X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis to consist of four piperazinium C4H12N22+ cations and four CoCl42- complex anions. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that [C4H12N2][CoCl4] possesses good thermal stability below 320 °C.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Thiophene-Based Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 Radiotracers for PET Imaging
Authors: Haider Achi , Müller Herde Adrienne , Slavik Roger , Weber Markus , Mugnaini Claudia , Ligresti Alessia , Schibli Roger , Mu Linjing , Mensah Ametamey Simon
Published: July 2016

Over the past two decades, our understanding of the endocannabinoid system has greatly improved due to the wealth of results obtained from exploratory studies. Currently, two cannabinoid receptor subtypes have been well-characterized. The cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) is widely expressed in the central nervous system, while the levels of the cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) in the brain and spinal cord of healthy individuals are relatively low. However, recent studies demonstrated a CB2 upregulation on activated microglia upon neuroinflammation, an indicator of neurodegeneration. Our research group aims to develop a suitable positron emission tomography (PET) tracer to visualize the CB2 receptor in patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases. Herein we report two novel thiophene-based 11C-labeled PET ligands designated [11C]AAT-015 and [11C]AAT-778. The reference compounds were synthesized using Gewald reaction conditions to obtain the aminothiophene intermediates, followed by amide formation. Saponification of the esters provided their corresponding precursors. Binding affinity studies revealed Ki-values of 3.3 ± 0.5 nM (CB2) and 1.0 ± 0.2 μM (CB1) for AAT-015. AAT-778 showed similar Ki-values of 4.3 ± 0.7 nM (CB2) and 1.1 ± 0.1 μM (CB1). Radiosynthesis was carried out under basic conditions using [11C]iodomethane as methylating agent. After semi-preparative HPLC purification both radiolabeled compounds were obtained in 99% radiochemical purity and the radiochemical yields ranged from 12 to 37%. Specific activity was between 96 and 449 GBq/μmol for both tracers. In order to demonstrate CB2 specificity of [11C]AAT-015 and [11C]AAT-778, we carried out autoradiography studies using CB2-positive mouse/rat spleen tissues. The obtained results revealed unspecific binding in spleen tissue that was not blocked by an excess of CB2-specific ligand GW402833. For in vivo analysis, [11C]AAT-015 was administered to healthy rats via tail-vein injection. Evaluation of the CB2-positive spleen, however, showed no accumulation of the radiotracer. Despite the promising in vitro binding affinities, specific binding of [11C]AAT-015, and [11C]AAT-778 could not be demonstrated.
The Role of Copper Chaperone Atox1 in Coupling Redox Homeostasis to Intracellular Copper Distribution
Authors: Hatori Yuta , Lutsenko Svetlana
Published: July 2016

Human antioxidant protein 1 (Atox1) is a small cytosolic protein with an essential role in copper homeostasis. Atox1 functions as a copper carrier facilitating copper transfer to the secretory pathway. This process is required for activation of copper dependent enzymes involved in neurotransmitter biosynthesis, iron efflux, neovascularization, wound healing, and regulation of blood pressure. Recently, new cellular roles for Atox1 have emerged. Changing levels of Atox1 were shown to modulate response to cancer therapies, contribute to inflammatory response, and protect cells against various oxidative stresses. It has also become apparent that the activity of Atox1 is tightly linked to the cellular redox status. In this review, we summarize biochemical information related to a dual role of Atox1 as a copper chaperone and an antioxidant. We discuss how these two activities could be linked and contribute to establishing the intracellular copper balance and functional identity of cells during differentiation.