bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
It Was Better When the Mob Ran the Town
Authors: Mckay Janis
Published: May 2024

This chapter examines why the myth that “it was better when the Mob ran the town” still persists in Las Vegas, particularly with musicians who performed in casino showrooms. From the late 1940s until 1989, Las Vegas was an important destination for professional musicians of all types, who initially worked for Mafia-owned hotels. After the arrival of Howard Hughes, corporations began to take over ownership, and the government was eager to support them. Not all of the changes were welcomed. Ultimately, a devastating musician strike in 1989 occurred when corporate owners sought to replace the musicians and live music with recordings.
“Trouble Is, We Don’t Make the Rules”
Authors: Risk Laura
Published: May 2024

Ginger Smock (1920-95) was an African American jazz and classical violinist and a popular stage, radio, and television performer. This chapter maps Smock’s career in Las Vegas from the 1950s until the Musicians’ Union strike of 1989, including musical connections to her hometown of Los Angeles and her two decades in showroom orchestras, and documents her struggles—made more challenging by gender, race, and age—for increased recognition. Smock’s story exemplifies the importance of proactive public archiving, or proactively building out the content of public archives to include underrepresented voices.
Manifesting White Indiana
Authors: Sdunzik Jennifer
Published: May 2024

This chapter documents Indiana’s legal and social history as it pertains to Black experiences. Exploring state laws and their enactment on a county level illustrates that Indiana subscribed to racialized citizenship ideals that do not encompass African American citizens. Examples of white desires include repatriation efforts, Black Codes, the 1851 constitution, expulsions, lynchings, and white supremacist organizations.
The Geography of Hate—Mapping Whiteness
Authors: Sdunzik Jennifer
Published: May 2024

Interrogating state and communal histories since their inception and providing analyses of population data, print media, and archival, spatial, and ethnographic materials, I develop the concept of the “geography of hate” as a theoretical framework and visual manifestation of exclusion and violence. This conclusion ends the invisibility of white spaces, making Indiana’s white animosity toward Black newcomers that marked each of the foregoing chapters visible. It revisits the Black History Project and previous chapters’ arguments to make visible invisible practices and mechanisms and map Indiana’s geography of hate.
Preliminaries
Authors: Spencer Joseph M.
Published: May 2024

This chapter addresses preliminaries necessary for a close study of the Book of Mormon’s programmatic investigation of Isaiah’s meaning. The Book of Mormon often interacts with biblical texts, but it privileges Isaiah above other biblical sources. It does not, though, treat all of Isaiah as of equal importance, focusing its most programmatic interactions on certain stretches of text. It distributes its interactions with these chapters across various stories of conflict over biblical meaning. When one reads the Book of Mormon in the order of its original dictation rather than of its final form, it exhibits a larger pattern of growing interest in Isaiah’s meaning. It is argued that all this is best approached through the eyes of an imagined ideal reader from 1829.
Non-pharmacological therapeutic approaches for the treatment of insomnia: An integrative review
Authors: Paula Daniel Salomão Queiroz , Toledo Maria Clara Borges , França Mariana Eduão Ferreira , Teixeira Talliane Maciel de Oliveira , Falcão Tássia Barros Guimarães , Prestes Vinícius da Fonseca , D'Alessandro Walmirton Bezerra , Herrera Sávia Denise Silva Carlotto , Paiva Maykon Jhuly Martins de , D'Alessandro Aline Almeida Barbaresco
Published: May 2024

The advances made in medicine, through studies and research, can offer more and more effective treatments for various types of illness, both with the use of drugs and non-pharmacological treatments. With regard to insomnia, a disease characterized by difficulty sleeping and loss of circadian cycle quality, for a long time it was treated, in most cases, only with the use of drugs that remedied this condition, but did not act on the core of the disease and the real cause, only alleviating the symptoms. In addition, many drugs for the treatment of insomnia are addictive, leading patients to use them constantly. The integrative review aimed to identify non-pharmacological treatment for insomnia, pointing out various methods used with patients, analyzing the treatment process, efficacy, clinical applicability and safety. Trustworthy and credible websites such as PubMed, LILACS and VHL were used to collect data and research sources, using the descriptors "Sleep Onset and Maintenance Disorder and Non-Pharmacological". In this way, relevant data, experiences and evidence were obtained for the analysis of non-pharmacological treatments for insomnia, among the various methods found. In conclusion, non-pharmacological therapeutic approaches represent a vital component in the treatment of insomnia, offering substantial benefits without the risks associated with prolonged use of medication. Their incorporation as part of an integrated and personalized treatment plan can significantly improve the quality of life of individuals affected by insomnia.
Digital modernization and public management: A bibliometric review
Authors: Mego Torres Merly Enith , Vela Meléndez Lindon , Dávila Cisneros Juan Diego , Mendoza Reyna Roibert Pepito
Published: May 2024

Introduction: the article examines the issue of digital modernization in Latin America, where, despite over a decade of efforts, progress has been slow. It focuses on the importance of e-government for modern public administration, highlighting the limited digitization of activities.Objective: to evaluate the theoretical-conceptual development of the relationship between digital modernization and public administration.Methodology: the bibliometric technique was used, drawing from Scopus documents and employing a specific search protocol, resulting in 1,602 records with metadata.Results: there is shown growth in research since 2003, with studies primarily concentrated in the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. Original articles in social sciences are highlighted, emphasizing the role of digital modernization in transparency and democratization of public administration.Conclusion: while there have been advancements in research since 2003, Latin American countries face significant challenges compared to other regions. The need for greater collaboration and research in this area in Latin America is emphasized to leverage the benefits of digital modernization. It is suggested to establish specific policies and strategies to drive governmental digitization and enhance the efficiency of public services, closing the existing gap
TextRefine: A Novel approach to improve the accuracy of LLM Models
Authors: Dalal Ekta , Singh Parvinder
Published: May 2024

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is an interdisciplinary field that investigates the fascinating world of human language with the goal of creating computational models and algorithms that can comprehend, produce, and analyze natural language in a way that is similar to humans. LLMs still encounter issues with loud and unpolished input material despite their outstanding performance in natural language processing tasks. TextRefine offers a thorough pretreatment pipeline that refines and cleans the text data before using it in LLMs to overcome this problem . The pipeline includes a number of actions, such as removing social tags, normalizing whitespace, changing all lowercase letters to uppercase, removing stopwords, fixing Unicode issues, contraction unpacking, removing punctuation and accents, and text cleanup. These procedures work together to strengthen the integrity and quality of the input data, which will ultimately improve the efficiency and precision of LLMs. Extensive testing and comparisons with standard techniques show TextRefine's effectiveness with 99 % of the accuracy
Effect of intermittent fasting on C-reactive protein and calprotectin levels in a Patient with Ulcerative Colitis. A case report
Authors: Villota-Arcos Claudio , Roco-Videla Angel , Pino-Astorga Carolina , Mendoza-Puga Daniela , Bittner Mauricio , Corbeaux-Ascui Tatiana , Aguilera-Eguia Raúl
Published: May 2024

Introduction: ulcerative colitis is a disease whose causes are multifactorial. Current therapies, such as monoclonal antibodies, present risks, prompting the search for non-pharmacological alternatives such as intermittent fasting. To detect inflammatory conditions, the levels of calprotectin and C-reactive protein are measured.Objective: to evaluate the effects of intermittent fasting in a 34-year-old patient with ulcerative colitis, on the inflammatory markers fecal calprotectin and C-reactive protein (CRP).Clinical case: 34-year-old Caucasian woman diagnosed with ulcerative colitis in remission, she participated in an 8-week pilot study on intermittent fasting. After the intervention, it was observed that there were no significant changes in her PRC levels, however, calprotectin increased from 15 mg/kg to 1279 mg/kg, indicating an inflammatory bowel condition in the initial stage given that the patient was asymptomatic. Conclusions: calprotectin determination is a more appropriate marker to identify intestinal inflammation in early stages. Intermittent fasting could be a complementary therapeutic strategy to extend the periods of symptom remission in this disease
Factors associated with Computer Vision Syndrome in students and teachers of a private university in Peru during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors: Zapana-Tito Maria , Gómez-Gonzales Walter , Gómez-Livias Maria Fatima , Gamarra Bustillos Carlos , Chihuantito-Abal Luis
Published: May 2024

Introduction: computer Vision Syndrome is also considered the ocular epidemic of the 21st century. It is essential to determine the number of individuals suffering from CVS and the associated factors.Objective: to identify the factors associated with Computer Vision Syndrome in medical students and faculty at Peruvian Private University during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 2021.Methods: this was an observational, cross-sectional, retrospective, and analytical study. The participants included students and faculty members from the School of Human Medicine. The Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q) from Google Forms was used. For bivariate analysis, the chi-squared test was used with a 95 % confidence level. Frequency and proportion calculations were used for qualitative variables, and measures of central tendency and dispersion were calculated for quantitative variables.Results: 56,0 % of faculty and students suffered from computer vision syndrome (CVS). In the bivariate analysis, it was found that the use of eyeglasses (p < 0,004), a computer/cell phone screen distance of <45cm (p < 0,031), and a family history of visual diseases (p < 0,010) were associated with CVS.Conclusions: there is a high prevalence of computer vision syndrome, with faculty members being the most affected. Factors associated with CVS were the use of eyeglasses, a computer/cell phone screen distance of <45cm, and a family history of visual diseases
Lymphoglandular bodies as useful morphological clue in diagnosis of Lymphoid malignancies- A Case Report
Authors: Rateesh Sareen , Agarwal Garima , Gupta Gajendra Nath
Published: May 2024

Lymphoglandular bodies, observed as round basophilic cytoplasmic fragments on Giemsa stain, are linked with lymphoid malignancies, aiding in distinguishing lymphomas from other small round cell tumors. This case report underscores the diagnostic significance of Lymphoglandular bodies in Acute lymphoid leukemia diagnosis through bone marrow biopsy. We present a case of a 21-year-old male with chest pain and weakness. The bone marrow biopsy revealed a monomorphic cell population with a high nuclear cytoplasmic ratio, prompting immunomarker analysis that confirmed the presence of blasts as lymphoblasts, leading to the diagnosis of Acute lymphoid leukemia. The identification of Lymphoglandular bodies in bone marrow biopsy facilitated the diagnosis, as peripheral blood examination did not indicate the presence of blasts suggestive of leukemia. Literature on the role of Lymphoglandular bodies in lymphoma diagnosis is limited, with more emphasis on cytological preparations. Lymphoglandular bodies serve as an adjunct in differentiating between lymphoma and non-lymphoma malignancies, being more frequently associated with Malignant lymphoma. The study aim to prove Lymphoglandular bodies as useful morphological clue in diagnosis of Lymphoid malignancies.
Treat It Like a Circuit, Part II: Applications and Troubleshooting
Authors: Stoll Dwight R. , Grinias James P.
Published: May 2024

The analogy that electrons flowing in wires is like water flowing through a tube can be remarkably effective for teaching and learning about fluid flow in LC systems. In this installment, we apply the concepts developed in last month’s installment by demonstrating how they can be used to help troubleshoot problems in LC involving pressure and flow. We also introduce several free tools that can be used to calculate pressure drops in different elements of LC systems, including connecting capillaries and packed columns. Knowing what pressure drops to expect for system components under different chromatographic conditions is very valuable in many troubleshooting situations.
Análisis de funciones y responsabilidades de un gestor educativo en centros de escolaridad inconclusa
Authors: López Reinoso Hugo , Mariño Rosero Merly , Villegas Palma Andrés , Palma Palma Maria
Published: May 2024

La identificación de las funciones y responsabilidades, desafíos y habilidades en la gestión motivadora desarrollando destrezas, aptitudes y competencias para ejecutarlos en este caso en el ámbito educativo actúan de modo integrador en la dirección de centros de escolaridad inconclusa, esta demanda aumenta ante las necesidades educativas en jóvenes y adultos que no han culminado los estudios y han sido rezagados de la educación ordinaria. El propósito del presente artículo es exponer los antecedentes, la evolución desde una visión transformadora orientada a repercutir conocimiento para futuros líderes motivados a alcanzar metas frente a retos formativos del siglo XXI, cumpliendo los lineamientos y reglamentos asignados en la educación nacional. El análisis parte con un enfoque cualitativo hacia la hermenéutica crítica-reflexiva que permite comprender los fundamentos teóricos, legales y vivenciales de gestores educativos como agentes innovadores del cambio en las respectivas instituciones cuya presencia de un líder es pertinente; para ello, se realizó la consulta de centros educativos para personas con escolaridad inconclusa PCEI donde los resultados encontrados hacen contraste con la revisión de la literatura evidenciando perspectivas para desarrollar estrategias de recursos y optimización. Por consiguiente, se evidencia que el liderazgo, la innovación y la empatía son aspectos que reforman el modelo de gestión administrativa exitosa de un dirigente, comenzando con el fortalecimiento de las relaciones organizativas, el empoderamiento de recursos tecnológicos e innovadores y la aplicación de una filosofía inclusiva permitirá evolucionar los paradigmas de los directores actuales y construir nuevos conceptos humanísticos en la trascendencia de una gestión educativa.
La vulneración y discriminación al Derecho al Trabajo de las personas adultas mayores, una mirada a la realidad ecuatoriana
Authors: Román Armijos Rosa Antonia , Velásquez Espinoza George Efraín
Published: May 2024

El presente trabajo de investigación radica en la importancia que existe respecto del Derecho al Trabajo de los adultos mayores desde un enfoque de la discriminación y vulneración debido a las grandes disyuntivas, sociales, económicas y de supervivencia que sufre este grupo de atención prioritaria, en la realidad nacional e internacional de conformidad nuestro marco normativo, derecho comparado y doctrina, ya sea por su edad, estado de salud, capacidad motriz y cognitiva o sexo. La metodología fue de nivel descriptivo, no experimental y transversal, partió de un enfoque mixto (cualitativo-cuantitativo), con la utilización de los métodos inductivo-deductivo, histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético, comparativo y el dogmático, así como las técnicas de revisión bibliográfica, fichaje, encuestas y entrevistas realizadas a las personas adultas mayores y jóvenes de la ciudad de Loja, con lo cual se evidencia la discriminación que existe en el ámbito laboral con las personas adultas mayores que requieren de recursos económicos generados por la fuerza laboral que pueden desempeñar acorde a las condiciones física y cognitivas en las que se encuentran, el cual deben desarrollarlo como fuente de supervivencia, garantizando una vida digna, acceso a vivienda o alimentación y  que dada las condiciones actuales debe establecerse como política pública y reforma a la normativa vigente.
Comparison of the Effects of Thoracic Epidural Analgesia in Different Levels on Intraoperative Hemodynamics in Abdominal Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Kacıroğlu Ahmet , Dostbıl Aysenur , İnce1 İlker , Aksoy Mehmet , Celik Suna Mehtap
Published: May 2024

Objective
Our aim was to investigate the effect of thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) at different levels on hemodynamic parameters in elderly patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery.
Materials and Methods
This randomized study was conducted on 60 patients aged 65 or above undergoing upper abdominal surgery. The patients were randomized into T6-7 and T9-10 groups, with epidural catheters placed at respective intervertebral spaces. Heart rate , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , mean arterial pressure , were recorded every 5 minutes for 30 minutes after TEA and every 10 minutes intraoperatively. Confirming adequate analgesia and 30 minutes after placement of a thoracic epidural catheter, general anesthesia was induced. Postoperative respiratory function tests, time to ambulation, gastrointestinal motility and length of stay were assessed.
Results
Group T6-7 and T9-10 differed for SBP at minutes 5,80, and 90 (p=0.003, p=0.007, p=0.013 respectively). At the same minutes, DBP (p
The Effect of Picture And Picture Type Cooperative Learning Model on Participation and Learning Outcomes of Grade IV Elementary School Students
Authors: Gustiawan Ricky , Yeni Erita  , Deni Okta Nadia  , Nofia Henita
Published: May 2024

This research is motivated by the participation and learning outcomes of fourth-grade students at SDN 15 Kapalokoto Kec. Sungaipua is still low. This can be seen that many students are less enthusiastic about learning. The research aims to determine the influence of the Picture and Picture Cooperative Learning Model on the Participation and Learning Outcomes of Class IV Elementary School Students. This research was conducted on fourth-grade students of SDN 15 Kapalokoto Kec. Sungaipua for the 2021/2022 academic year. The experimental research design used was a randomized control group-only design. Participation test data were obtained through student participation questionnaires. The results showed that: (1) There was an effect of student participation being taught a cooperative model of picture and picture type, (2) there was an effect of student learning outcomes taught a cooperative model of picture and picture type.
Students’ Behavioral Engagement in Learning English in Vocational High School
Authors: Elguanda Andhara suci , Siska, S. S  , Rika AFRIYANTI
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study was to analyze student behavioral engagement about how students' behavior is related to academic assignments in tenth and twelfth grade of SMK N 1 Muara Bungo. So that students are interested in doing English assignments. in class X & XII SMK N 1 Bungo. The design of this research is descriptive qualitative. The sample of this research is class X AKL & XII MM2. The instruments used in this study were observation, using an observation checklist, field notes and videos. The results of this study are classified into three forms: persistence, focus, asking questions, contributing to class discussion. Based on the results of this study the researcher found that students gave persistence when studying but there were some students who were not too effort in doing task because of the lack of previous knowledge about English, but they only showed an attitude of wanting to do the task and were interested in doing it but not by showing persistence because of the assignment. given by the teacher aspects that are assessed mostly from the creativity of students in designing. But in class students can be focused and contribute in class discussions, such as asking questions about instructions and focusing on doing assignments.
A Mediating Effect of Work-Family on the Relationship between Idiosyncratics Deals and Employees’ Job Satisfaction of Knowledge-Based Employees New Generation in Jiangxi Province of China
Authors: Fen Zhang Fen
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the intricate dynamics between idiosyncratic deals, work-family interface, and job satisfaction among knowledge-based employees of the new generation in Jiangxi Province, China. Idiosyncratic deals, characterized by personalized arrangements between employees and their organizations, have gained prominence as mechanisms for addressing individual needs and preferences. However, the extent to which these deals influence job satisfaction among knowledge-based employees remains underexplored, particularly within the unique cultural and organizational context of Jiangxi Province. Drawing upon social exchange theory and the conservation of resources theory, this research proposes a conceptual framework to examine the mediating role of the work-family interface in the relationship between idiosyncratic deals and job satisfaction. The work-family interface serves as a crucial mechanism through which idiosyncratic deals may impact employees' job satisfaction, as it reflects the balance and integration of work and family roles, responsibilities, and resources. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, data will be collected from a sample of knowledge-based employees from various industries in Jiangxi Province. Quantitative data will be obtained through structured surveys measuring idiosyncratic deals, work-family interface, and job satisfaction, while qualitative data will be gathered through in-depth interviews to provide nuanced insights into the experiences and perceptions of participants. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to both theoretical and practical domains. Theoretically, it will advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between idiosyncratic deals and job satisfaction, shedding light on the mediating role of the work-family interface. Practically, the findings will offer valuable implications for organizational leaders and policymakers in Jiangxi Province, providing guidance on how to optimize idiosyncratic deal structures and support mechanisms to enhance the job satisfaction and well-being of knowledge-based employees, thereby fostering sustainable organizational success in the region.
1 - Towards Unpacking the Origin and Development of Eswatini (Swazi) Irredentism
Authors: Hlengiwe Portia Dlamini  , Manka’ah Mafor Awasom-Fru  , Lenhle Precious Dlamini  , Sirri Awasom-Fru
Published: May 2024

This article sets out to examine the origin and development of Eswatini irredentism in southern Africa as a neglected theme in African scholarship. Eswatini irredentist disputes, albeit unresolved, have been a subject of mere peripheral allusion in southern African scholarship. The global importance of irredentism as a phenomenon in international relations since the end of the Cold War makes this study imperative. How the smallest and landlocked state on the Southern African mainland can audaciously and persistently make territorial claims against its giant South African neighbour is intriguing, paradoxical and worth investigating. The study methodology involved the use of archival documentation, newspaper articles, government gazettes, in- depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGD). This study revealed that Eswatini irredentism is ethnic nationalism par excellence and its roots were nurtured by the imperial order and South Africa before Eswatini’s independence. After independence in 1968, Eswatini irredentism blossomed on historical and ethnic foundations, and was tolerated and fanned by South Africa as a strategy of surreptitiously establishing an Eswatini Bantustan for the resettlement of ethnic Eswatini people and other blacks. The post-apartheid South African governments did a volte-face and rejected persistent Eswatini irredentist claims in toto nourished by the Sobhuza Testament.
6 - She is so Pretty, Look at her Hair’: Perspectives on the Racialisation of Mixed- Race Persons in Ghana
Authors: Yaa Oduro Georgina , Geoffrion Karine , Prah Mansah
Published: May 2024

This article interrogates the processes of the racialisation of hair and skin colour of ‘mixed-race’ Ghanaians in the specific context of Ghana. The article draws on the findings of a larger qualitative multisite study that explored the lived experiences and identity construction of Ghanaian mixed-race persons living in Ghana and Canada, Informed by race and racialisation theories, the article argues that hair politics cannot be discussed without considering how skin colour and gender also contribute to shaping the racial categorisation of mixed-race individuals in Ghana. The authors show how Ghanaian society ‘others’ and racialises mixed-race Ghanaians (for example, through school regulations on hair and hair style); how mixed-race individuals navigate the racial gaze, discourses and practices around their body; how they reproduce and challenge racialised considerations and imaginaries; and how they perform their own racial identities through their hair. The article links these narratives with the ideals of white racial hegemony that permeate society. Acknowledging mixed-race Ghanaians’ experiences of privilege, the authors argue that the valuation of their whiteness by the majority population is not straightforward and does not lead mixed-race individuals to self-identify as whites. Mixed-race Ghanaians, rather, have fluid experiences i terms of privileges and discrimination based on context and interactions.
0 - Prelim
Authors: Journal System
Published: May 2024

Prelim
5 - Recalibrating the labyrinths of migration and health in West Africa
Authors: Adu-Gyamfi Samuel , Paalo Sebastian , Issifu Abdul Karim
Published: May 2024

The discourses and practices surrounding migration and health have taken a dramatic turn since the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. Experts are more concerned about the consequences of the pandemic on these factors in Africa, given the continent’s weak economies and poor health sector, which portends a difficult post-pandemic recovery. However, the discussions have not engaged with two key effects of the coronavirus: the health implications not only on the general populace but also along border towns, and the dilemma of a ‘new’ (il)legal migration. Drawing on Ghana’s border policing as a Covid-19 pandemic governance strategy, coupled with existing debates on health, politics, migration and development, we argue that border policing is likely to create two emerging threats. First, it could cause a ‘new’ health dilemma – hindering long-standing cross-border healthcare access by ECOWAS citizens. Second, sustained border restrictions could deepen the intricacies of migration in West Africa, including the promotion of ‘elite migrants’ over migrants who are seeking a basic livelihood, the changing fate of undocumented migrants, new security threats at border town , and a possible redefinition of traditional rural–urban migration in Africa.
6 - The African diaspora in times of COVID-19
Authors: Moreno-Maestro Susana
Published: May 2024

Within a conceptual framework proposed by the African Union, which views the diaspora as a sixth African region, this article analyses the economic situation of Senegalese street vendors in the city of Seville, in the southern European border region. For this community, street trading is the most important economic activity and source of income, of which tourism is a significant market. Using an ethnographic methodology, including interviews with street vendors, City Council officials, a lawyer-activist and observation, the study examines institutional perceptions and the treatment of Senegalese street vendors within the administrative and planning processes of the public administration, and the relationship this has with tourism. The results show how ethnocentric prejudices and criminalising stereotypes influence local administration policy. The analysis also examines the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in terms of the lack of institutional assistance for this population group, how the Senegalese population coped with the economic impact of lockdown through their own networks and support systems, and by migrating outward. The results presented in this article are part of a broader research project on urban development and sociospatial impacts of tourism in large cities in Andalusia, Spain (PAIDI-FEDER 2020: R+D+i Project).
Investigating the Parasitic Diversity of Nile Tilapia in the Ghaghara River: A Study on Fish Health and Monogenean Parasites.
Authors: Priyanka Rawat and Amit Tripathi
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the presence and diversity of monogenean parasites infecting Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Ghaghara River, recognizing their significant impact on fish health. Through field surveys, Nile tilapia specimens were collected from various locations along the river and subjected to standard parasitological analyses to identify monogenean parasites. Morphological assessments facilitated species identification and diversity assessments. Preliminary findings reveal a diverse array of monogeneans infecting Nile tilapia in the Ghaghara River, with species richness and prevalence varying across sampling sites, possibly influenced by environmental factors. While some monogenean species exhibit host-specificity, others demonstrate a broader host range. Understanding the distribution and diversity of these parasites would enhance our understanding of fish health and Ghaghara River ecosystem dynamics, informing management strategies for sustaining robust fish populations and promoting eco-friendly aquaculture practices in the region. Moreover, insights gained from this research may contribute to the conservation and management of aquatic ecosystems beyond the Ghaghara River.
Businesspeople Becoming Politicians: A Paradigm Shift and Challenges/Opportunities Ahead
Authors: Bhattacharjee Sutapa
Published: May 2024

The political environment is one of the most crucial factors that shapes the direction of businesses at any point in time. Bangladesh has been practicing democracy for more than three decades and has enjoyed a period of relative stability for more than a decade. This emerging economy of South Asia has been witnessing a noticeable development in its business sector, which constitutes several industries across the country. As a parliamentary form of governance has now been in place for a period of time, a number of business leaders, primarily the owners of businesses in Bangladesh, have begun to engage in politics more actively than was the case previously. In Bangladesh, politics was formerly predominantly controlled by veteran politicians coming from the root level of the political parties, but now an evident transformation has occurred. This article aims to identify the influence of business leaders on policymaking. As policies ultimately determine the future of employees, who are also the citizens of Bangladesh, this whole issue clearly requires a close examination. The article employs secondary data in order to analyze the relationship between the business owners’ involvement in politics and the changes that have taken place as a result of this. As business and politics work hand in hand on a global scale, the author explains the potential opportunities and challenges that this paradigm shift will create for Bangladesh.
Parental Involvement in Autism Communication Interventions: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Widianti Afra Afifah , Chamidah Atien Nur
Published: May 2024

The research investigates parental involvement in enhancing the communication skills of autistic children. Utilizing a qualitative research method with a case study approach examines 10 parents of verbally and non-verbally communicative autistic children. The data collection encompasses interviews and documentation techniques with the data analysis comprising data reduction, display, and conclusion followed by verification. The research findings indicate that parental contributions to communication skills enhance the implementation of mediation as a complement to therapy and specialized communication programs recommended by therapists and educators. Interventions are done based on assessments conducted in collaboration with therapists and educators. Intervention modalities, media, and methodologies are diversified to match the child’s needs but the lack of programmed sequences and schedules still emerges. Additionally, parental involvement extends to engaging other family members in the intervention process
The Meaning of Mangolusi in The Batak Toba Wedding Ritual
Authors: Azzahra Ivana Rasikah , Siregar Nur Aini , Karosekali Yoga Marchell , Salim Zuraima Fitriani , Siregar Tiarnita Maria Sarjani Br
Published: May 2024

This study explores how the meaning of Mangulosi in the traditional wedding rituals of the Batak Toba people is deeply explored and uses ethnographic communication theory to present the wedding customs of the Toba Batak people. (Hymes in Kuswarno 2008: 22) and the constructivist paradigm. Data collection techniques were conducted through in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, documentation, literature review, combination/triangulation and sources. The researcher used the traditional Toba Batak marriage subject, namely Mangulosi, as a data source to analyze the series of questions asked in the study with reference to the theory used. Research findings show that the traditional marriage landscape is in disarray. Toba Batak is a sacred custom that all members of the Toba Batak community perform or must perform, both at the time of marriage and after death. As for , the event begins with a marriage proposal from the groom's family (first her ) to the bride's family. Traditional Wedding the Mangulosi event at Batak Toba begins with a marriage proposal from the groom's family to a woman from the bride's family. Thereafter, the wedding continued as a regular wedding until the end of Event. Regarding weddings, there is a gift piece Uros Cross given by the groom to the bride. This matter is a symbol of love for a life partner, and also has other meanings, namely, getting acquainted with or uniting with a formal family that takes care of the marriage. The event will then conclude with 4,444 pieces of food distributed to other people and the surrounding community. This is part of the traditional Toba Batak wedding ceremony. Traditional Batak Wedding the act of mangulosi in Toba is performed and symbolized by the gift of uros cloth from the male family to the female family. This is part of the traditional Batak wedding ceremony of Toba Mangulosi and has the significance of ritual sanctity, obligatory wedding ceremony, and symbol of love between the groom and bride women.
L’accertamento del nesso causale nei danni alla persona da inquinamento
Authors: Montanari Vergallo Gianluca , RICCI PASQUALE
Published: May 2024

La responsabilità civile non ha finora rappresentato un deterrente molto efficace contro l’inquinamento ambientale. Il risarcimento dei danni biologici è spesso impedito dalla difficoltà di dimostrare il nesso causale. Gli autori illustrano lo stato dell’arte della giurisprudenza e la metodologia internazionale di accertamento del nesso causale, così da fornire un chiave di lettura interdisciplinare all’interprete su un tema ad alta stratificazione dottrinale.
Warfare and Wife Beating
Authors: Beckerman Stephen , Erickson Pamela , Yost James
Published: May 2024

In chapter 7, “Warfare and Wife Beating: What Spencer Didn’t Know,” Beckerman, Erickson, and Yost put forth a nuanced understanding of husband and wife power relations among Neotropical forest peoples. While it has been widely believed for at least a century that violent male behavior, worldwide, is indiscriminant, targeting other men, women, and children with similar fervor, the ethnographic record shows otherwise. In the examples from the Yanomamö and the Waorani presented in this chapter, neither tribe practices the beating of children, and only the Yanomamö condone the beating of wives, despite the fact that these two tribes are widely taken in the anthropological literature as the type cases of tribal violence and primitive warfare. Beyond demonstrating the cultural channeling of violence, the contrast between the two tribes offers the opportunity to suggest that the psychological function of war may be quite different in these two violent peoples. This suggestion leads in turn to interesting avenues for future research on the social functions of chronic violent behavior by males.
Citizen Science in Coastal Archaeology
Authors: Milne Gustav , Newman Danielle , Hutchinson Oliver , Northall Lawrence M.
Published: May 2024

CITiZAN, the Coastal and InterTidal Zone Archaeology Network, is an English community-based project concerned with the recording and long-term monitoring of archaeological sites exposed to erosion on the coast and open foreshore. It was set up with a grant from the Heritage Lottery Fund (now the National Lottery Heritage Fund) in 2015, with additional support from the United Kingdom’s (UK) National Trust, the Crown Estate, Lloyds Register Foundation, and Historic England, among others. CITiZAN’s three regional teams are hosted by Museum of London Archaeology in London, the Council for British Archaeology in York, and the Nautical Archaeology Society in Portsmouth. From these bases, six local Discovery Programmes operate in Liverpool Bay, Humberside, the Solent, South Devon, East Kent, and on Mersea Island in Essex. CITiZAN became increasingly concerned not just with heritage loss, but also with habitat loss along England’s coasts as a result of climate change. This chapter sets out the background to CITiZAN’s citizen science work and summarizes progress on the “Changing Minds, Changing Coasts” project.
Introduction
Authors: Cearns Jennifer
Published: May 2024

This chapter introduces the complex socioeconomic and geopolitical history that binds and separates the United States and Cuba. It then charts the various flows of Cuban migrants to the United States, and particularly to South Florida, over six decades to distinguish a “new” group of Cubans from older waves of migrants. The chapter summarizes debates about what constitutes Cuban cultural identity, both on the island and in the diaspora, and positions this within a longstanding view of the Caribbean as somehow “exceptional.” The chapter also positions Cuba within longstanding debates about transition from socialism to capitalism, and argues that the ambiguities or “flux” inherent to this are crucial for interpreting the ethnography on material flows and exchange networks presented throughout the book. Lastly, the chapter discusses some of the methodological challenges of doing ethnographic fieldwork in transnational contexts.
Patria en Muerte
Authors: Cearns Jennifer
Published: May 2024

Chapter 6 focuses on the materiality of death to consider how Cuban identity is constructed and manifested when it matters most. The chapter charts the circulation of human remains and associated objects between Cuba and Miami, considering how these relate to notions of what it means to be Cuban in life, and how the parallels between trajectories of circulation between people and things evokes different layers of meaning for interlocutors. The chapter also considers how earth, soil, and seeds gain an affective, almost spiritual significance when transported beyond Cuba for funeral practices, and the relative power of those able to navigate geopolitical uncertainties to transport these materials.
Overview of Archaeological Evidence on the Use of Inland and Maritime Waters in Latin America
Authors: Delaere Christophe , Elkin Dolores
Published: May 2024

Since Margaret Leshikar-Denton and Pilar Luna Erreguerena published in 2008 the edited volume Underwater and Maritime Archaeology in Latin America and the Caribbean, the number of archaeological practices and research topics has increased considerably in the region. We have now a prolific and balanced sample of case studies on Latin American underwater heritage, not only territorially but also chronologically. The mobilisation of the international scientific community in response to the pillage of underwater sites in the Caribbean area, and the gradual incorporation of professional archaeologists in the management and protection of underwater cultural heritage, permitted the discipline to be built today upon a solid foundation in this region. In this chapter, we propose an overview of the diversity of research topics addressed in Latin American inland and maritime waters, with an emphasis on the characterization of heritages specific to this part of the world, both for the pre-Hispanic and the Historic period.
Archaeological Evidence in the Caves and Cenotes of the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico
Authors: Barba-Meinecke Helena , Arano Recio Diana E. , Chávez Abiud Pizá
Published: May 2024

Since prehistoric times, the caves of the Yucatan Peninsula have been the locus of regular visit by animals but as well by the first humans populating the continent. Thousands of years later, the Maya culture would establish its cities around the cenotes and the few bodies of surface water. The Maya culture has developed over the centuries methods for the control and storage of water, and a system of rituals related to the underworld, where the caves and cenotes were the main scenarios. For more than seven decades, these paleontological, archaeological, and historical contexts have been identified and recorded. In this chapter, we will summarise and analyze these investigations by contrasting the archaeological evidence diachronically and linking them to the successive climate changes occurring in the region.
A Spondylus Workshop within a Ritual Building at Pachacamac on the Central Coast of Peru (ca. AD 1470–1533)
Authors: Eeckhout Peter , Ledesma Carmela Alarcón , Dávila Milton Luján
Published: May 2024

On the Central Coast of Peru, the research carried out in Building B15 at Pachacamac recovered malacological materials that bring us closer to knowing the different activities carried out within both this building and this prestigious site during the late periods. The objectives of the malacology analysis were to identify the specimens and retrieve the largest shell manufacturing information from the analysis of the sample. The results provide a lot of information about the use of marine resources, with it one can know the resources used for food and those used for the manufacture of ornaments, offerings, and other artifacts of probable ritual use. The manufactured resources were the most important sample in the analysis, highlighting the Spondylus. All the steps of elaboration of the artifacts have been identified, from the accumulation of the raw material and going through the different stages of manufacture until obtaining the final object. It is argued that this workshop probably reflects the presence of Chimu mitmaquna artisans.
Inland Water Archaeology in Andean Lakes
Authors: Delaere Christophe , Reinhard Johan , Huanca Marcial Medina , Pareja Siñanis Eduardo
Published: May 2024

Research in recent decades has not only revealed the presence of dense pre-Hispanic human settlements in various tectonic Andean lake ecosystems between 2000 and 5200 meters above sea level (masl), but also high-altitude archaeological sites between 5200 and 6700 masl. connected to lakes of volcanic or glacial origins. In this chapter, we propose to explore the nature and origin of Andean underwater heritage by briefly investigating the product of underwater surveys and excavations of the last 40 years in the south-central Andes. The variability of the artefacts and characteristics that define or induce the existence of a rich heritage in the bottom of these lakes illustrates the existence of a little-known heritage behind the concept of the ritualization of the water bodies in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries by the Incas.
The Shipwreck of Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe
Authors: Amores Carlos León , Cardenal Cruz Apestegui
Published: May 2024

In 1724, a small fleet of two ships carrying mercury from Cádiz, Spain, to Veracruz, México, were shipwrecked in the bay of Samaná in the Dominican Republic: the Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe and the Conde de Tolosa. In 1976, a private salvage company located the remains of a Spanish galleon and recovered more than 7000 objects. It was presumed to be the Guadalupe. Many years later, in 1994, an underwater archaeology project began in this shipwreck to document the remains of the hull still underwater. This chapter summarizes the results of the naval architecture study in relation to the cargo in a general historical context where mercury was a key element to extract silver from the mines of the new world.
Maritime Archaeology in Northern Patagonia
Authors: Ciarlo Nicolás C. , Argüeso Amaru , Castelli Ana , Coll Luis V. J. , Torres Rodrigo
Published: May 2024

The area between Bahía San Blas and Carmen de Patagones (Southern Buenos Aires Province, Argentina) has been of great historical importance from the seventeenth to the twentieth centuries: notably, a key sailing route connecting Buenos Aires and Montevideo with harbors of Patagonia. However, the documentary sources on shipwrecks are relatively scarce and no previous work on maritime archaeology was available for the mentioned area. Novel studies reveal that the region has much more information to offer regarding sailing and shipbuilding in the South-American context. Since 2018 a combination of coastal surveys, excavations, photogrammetric recording and drone mapping of structural remains was applied at shipwrecks located in the shoreline. In this chapter, the ongoing research on documentary studies, GIS cartography, 3D modelling of the sites and material characterization of shipwreck remains is presented. The temporal and spatial assessment of the structural remains and their post-depositional formation processes are briefly discussed based on this data.
The Women
Authors: Lewis Cathleen S.
Published: May 2024

The history of women cosmonauts, and what their images came to represent, is much more nuanced in nature. On 16 June 1963, Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova became the first woman to orbit the Earth. The role of this single woman in space merits a separate discussion as it reveals the instrumental role that Valentina Tereshkova played in the intersection of multiple issues regarding the role of women in the USSR and Russian women in the Cold War. Tereshkova, and the images of women cosmonauts in general, exemplified the rapidly changing role of women in post-World War II USSR. Her flight also provided the role of publicly demonstrating the ease, reliability, and overarching presence of Soviet technology. Finally, Tereshkova and the flight of Vostok 6 played a crucial role in targeting the United States by directly challenging the progress of the American women’s movement during the peak of the Cold War.