bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Only fungal migration runs through the biotopes of soil, phyllosphere and faeces
Authors: Zhao Qingzhou , Wang Yanfen , Cui Xiaoyong , Xu Zhihong , Yu Zhisheng
Published: December 2019

Background: Understanding the microbial linkages among the soil, plants and animals is crucial for maintaining the balance of thet ecosystem in grazed grasslands. However, previous study always focused on the biotopes of soil, phyllosphere and faeces respectively and little has been known about the microbial distribution and migration among these biotopes. Here, a systematic survey to investigate the alteration and overlap among the various microbiotas of biotopes and how the microbial cycle served for the ecosystem was conducted on the molecular ecological level.Results: Our findings revealed that the biotopes drived the distinct microbial community assemblages with various richness, β-diversity and composition. The substantial overlaps between soil and phyllosphere in fungi, bacteria and archaea indicated that soil played the role of the microbial source for phyllosphere. Nevertheless, Ascomycota were the only microorganisms definitely migrating among all the biotopes. After the long-term impact of faeces via grazing, the soil and phyllosphere microbiota were altered significantly.Conclusions: Biotopes driving leads the discrepancy of microbiota distribution among soil, phyllosphere and faeces. Soil could potentially perform as the microbial reservoir for phyllosphere. However, there was only fungal migration running through the ecosystem to link all the biotopes. These findings improved our understanding of microbial linkages among the biotopes in the grazed grassland ecosystem and better managing the soil, plants and animals for the pasture ecosystem service.
Barriers and Facilitators of Physical Activity among Adolescents of Debre Berhan City Administration; Qualitative Study.
Authors: Mohammed Osman Yimer , Tesfahun Esubalew , Mohammed Abdurahman
Published: December 2019

Background: Most adolescents are insufficiently physically active and it contributes to 3.2 million deaths each year. Environmental and systemic factors influence the level of physical activity. Sedentary work and living environments, socioeconomic status and limited access to facilities are barriers ofphysical activity. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to explore barriers and facilitators of physical activity among adolescents of Debre Berhan City Administration. Methodology: School based qualitative study was conducted among 64 adolescents in Debre Berhan City Administration from June 1-20 2019. Data was collected using eight focus group discussions with a focus group guide. Inductive analysis was done using ATLA.ti version 7. Result: A total of eight focus group discussion were conducted from June 1-20/2019. Three out of the sixty-four participants reported that they do physical activity on a regular basis. Social and personal factors (lack of role model, absence of family or friend influence, bad example, shortage of time, lack of interest and financial constraints) and environmental(Lack of access to play ground, lack of access to gymnasium, lack of conducive environment, poor school environment, harsh (polluted) environment, not friendly (girls) environment, poor urban planning and developmental activities) factors were reported to be barriers of physical activity while being member of a club, improving self-image and maintaining fitness are facilitators of physical activity. Conclusion and Recommendation: Lack of social support, lack of access to play ground and poor construction and developmental activities are the main barriers of physical activity. Therefore, Debre Berhan City Administration should work towards improving urban planning and avail girls’ friendly playground and gymnasium for every resident. Key Words Physical activity, Qualitative Study, Barriers, Facilitators
Determinant of overweight and obesity among females’ adolescents in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Al-Qahtani Mona Faisal , Alghareeb Azhar Ibrahim , Alramadan Zainab Sami , Ismail Mohamed Saleh
Published: December 2019

Background: several lifestyle factors related to adolescent overweight and obesity have been well documented. The main objectives of this study were to explore the common lifestyle behaviors among female adolescents based on body BMI category and to examine the association between overweight/obesity and lifestyle factors among them. Methods: cross-sectional study was carried out on 598 participants, and Arab Teens Lifestyle Study (ATLS) questionnaire was used. Data related to lifestyle factors, e.g., physical activity, metabolic equivalent rate, sedentary behavior; dietary consumption; and anthropometrics including height, weight, and BMI were collected. To test the correlations between BMI and lifestyle factors, ANOVA and logistic regression were performed. Results: based on BMI, 20.6% and 19.4% of females suffer from overweight and obesity, respectively. Results indicated significant differences (P<0.05) in several female anthropometric factors and lifestyle behaviors based on BMI category. These factors comprised BMI, weight, consumption of French fries/potato chips, vegetables, fruits, and cake/donuts; and MET-min of swimming, and total physical activity (MET-min/week). Overweight/obesity was significantly associated with the consumption of cake/donuts (odds ratio [OR] for >5 days/weeks =2.261; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.361-3.757), French fries (OR for 3-4 days/weeks=1.936; 95% CI=.206-3.110) and fruit (OR for 3-4 days/weeks=1.669; 95% CI=1.032-2.697). Conclusion: a significant positive association between BMI category and factors such as eating French fries/potato chips and cakes/donuts were observed among adolescent Saudi females.
Explore the Structural Changes of Nitrogen-fixing Microorganisms of Rhizosheath During the Growth of Stipagrostis Pennata in the Desert
Authors: Tian Yongzhi , Ma Xiaolin , Li Yuanting , Cheng Cong , An Dengdi , Ge Fengwei
Published: December 2019

Background: Rhizosheath is an adaptive feature of the survival of Stipagrostis pennata in desert systems. Although microorganisms play important ecological roles in promoting the nitrogen cycle of rhizosheath, the diversity and function of nitrogen-fixing microorganism communities have not been fully understood. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the nitrogen fixation ability of rhizosheaths and the changes of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms at different growth periods of Stipagrostis pennata. We sequenced the nifH gene through sequencing nifH gene to identify the structure and diversity of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms of Stipagrostis pennata at different growth periods of rhizosheaths.Results: A total of 1256 OTUs were identified by nifH sequence and distributed in different growth periods. There were 5 OTUs distributed in each sample at the same time, and the abundance and diversity of microorganisms in fruit period were much higher than those in other periods. Mainly 4 phyla were involved, among which Proteobacteria was the most abundant in all groups.Conclusions: In general, this study investigated the abundance and characteristics of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms of rhizosheaths in different growth periods of Stipagrostis pennata. It also elucidated the regulatory changes of the structure of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms of rhizosheaths in different growth periods of Stipagrostis pennata.
Health-Related Quality of Life for People with Type 2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alramadan Mohammed J. , Afroz Afsana , Siddiquea Bodrun N. , Alabdullah Noor A. , Alameer Sara M. , Alragas Adel Mehmas H. , Amin Ghada Mohammed , Bayaseh Nour A. , Alramadan Fatimah A , Billah Baki
Published: December 2019

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the health-related quality of life and its associated factors among people with type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adults with type 2 diabetes who attended diabetes centres in three major cities in Saudi Arabia in 2017. Participants were interviewed and their medical records were reviewed. The EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level was used to assess health-related quality of life, and bootstrap resampling with multiple regression analysis was used to identify its associated factors. Results: A total of 1121 participants were recruited. The mean age was 57.6 ±11.1 years, and the mean utility index of the quality of life was 0.739 ±0.261 (0.795 ±0.197 for males and 0.709 ±0.285 for females) and dropped to 0.566 ±0.339 in the presence of micro- and macro-vascular complications. Among the study participants, 51.0%, 12.3%, and 30.5% had problems with mobility, self-care and usual activity, respectively, while 51.6% and 45.8% had problems with pain-discomfort and anxiety-depression, respectively. Factors associated with low health-related quality of life were low education level, physical activity < 150 minutes per week, long sitting time, anxiety, depression and diabetes complications. Conclusions: Health-related quality of life is low among people with type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia, particularly among women and those who had diabetes complications. In order to improve the quality of life, people with type 2 diabetes should maintain a healthy lifestyle, and appropriate interventions should be taken to prevent complications and comorbidities.
Knockdown adiponectin receptor 1 expression in synovial tissue alleviate the progression of collagen-induced arthritis
Authors: Wang Yani , Liu Rui , Zhao Pengfei , Zhang Qian , Huang Yingheng , Wang Lei , Lv Chengyin , Che Nan , Tan Wenfeng , Zhang Miaojia
Published: December 2019

Background: Previous studies have shown that adiponectin (APN) is involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The proinflammatory effect of APN is mainly mediated adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1). The high expression of AdipoR1 have been suggested in RA synovial tissue. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of AdipoR1 in inflammation and bone erosion in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice, and to further explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods: The expression of APN and AdipoR1 in synovial tissue of RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patient was tested by qPCR and western blot. RA synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) were stimulated with APN, IL-6 or TNF-α respectively. The expression of AdipoR1 on RASFs were tested by flow cytometry. To prove the pathogenic role, AdipoR1 was silenced in a human rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblast cell line (MH7A) and local joint of CIA mice by specific short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) using a lentiviral delivery system. The levels of proliferation, apoptosis and inflammatory factors on MH7A were assessed in vitro. Local AdipoR1 knockdown on CIA mice were further estimated by arthritis clinical scores, inflammatory cytokine expression, micro-CT, H&E staining and receptor activator of nuclear factor к B ligand (RANKL) / osteoprotegerin (OPG) in vivo. Results: We found that the levels of APN and AdipoR1 expression were significantly higher in RASFs and the expression of AdipoR1 was upregulated by APN in RASFs. Silencing AdipoR1 could effectively reduce lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced proliferation of MH7A cells, promote their apoptosis, and reduce the release of inflammatory factors. In CIA mice, local silencing AdipoR1 in arthritis markedly reduced joint inflammation and alleviated bone erosion and osteoporosis in vivo. Furthermore, local silencing AdipoR1 inhibited receptor activator of nuclear factor к B ligand (RANKL) expression and decreased RANKL / osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio in knees and ankles of CIA mice. Conclusions: This study suggests that AdipoR1 plays a key role in the development of RA and silencing AdipoR1 might be a new target for the clinical treatment of RA.
Clinical characteristics of IgG4-related retroperitoneal fibrosis versus idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis: a retrospective study of 132 patients
Authors: Liu Yanying , Wang Kunkun , Wang Zhenfan , Zeng Qiaozhu , Zhu Lijuan , Gao Jingyuan , Wang Ziqiao , Zhang Yanyan , Zhang Shanshan , Yang Fei , Shen Danhua , Yu Guangyan , Wang Yi , Li Zhanguo
Published: December 2019

Backgroud Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a condition characterized by the presence of inflammation and fibrosis in the retroperitoneal space. More than two-thirds of all cases of RPF are idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis (IRPF), while the remaining one-third stem from different secondary causes. Many studies suggest that IgG4-related RPF is a secondary form of RPF. We undertook this study to compare detailed demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of IgG4-related RPF and IRPF in a large China cohort.Methods We carried out a retrospective review of the medical records of 132 cases of RPF diagnosed at Peking University People’s Hospital between March 2010 and March 2018. We divided the patients into two groups, IgG4-related RPF group and IRPF group. A standardized case report form was used for data collection. All statistical analyses were performed by SPSS 24.0.Results Among the 132 patients, the mean age at disease onset was 54.8 years. IgG4-related RPF group showed greater male predominance compared to IRPF group. IgG4-related RPF patients showed a longer interval between symptom onset and diagnosis, and allergic diseases were more common in this group. Sixty-four patients (48.4%) had lower back pain, which was more common in IRPF group than that in IgG4-related RPF patients. In terms of organ involvement, although 42 of 47 patients (89.3%) with IgG4-related RPF had other organ involvement, there were no patients in the IRPF group with other organ involvement. In addition, the serum IgG4 level, elevated eosinophils counts and IgE level were significantly higher in IgG4-related RPF patients.Conclusions We have revealed demographic, clinical and laboratory differences between IgG4-related RPF and IRPF patients, which indicated potential differences in pathogenesis and important implications for the diagnosis and management of these two phenotypes.
Reactive Case Detection of Asymptomatic Malaria in Households and Neighbors of Laboratory Confirmed Cases in Raya Kobo District, Northeast Ethiopia
Authors: Melese Yimer , abate megbaru alemu , Yimer Mulat , Tegegne Banchamlak
Published: December 2019

Background Malaria is the leading vector borne parasitic disease causing enormously high morbidity and mortality worldwide. There have been huge efforts so far to control and eliminate malaria in the world. However, high prevalence of asymptomatic carriage poses a threat on malaria control and elimination programs. Since asymptomatic infections present no overt sign and symptoms, they do not get clinical attention. Moreover, asymptomatic cases are a potential source of infection in high and low transmission settings. Despite the presence of some pocket data, the prevalence of asymptomatic carriage has not yet been known nationally and the current study area as well. Therefore, we aimed to assess the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria cases and associated factors in households and neighbors of laboratory confirmed cases in Raya Kobo district, Northeast Ethiopia. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April, 2019 among 270 study participants selected by convenient sampling technique at the community where laboratory confirmed cases were found. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, individual and household level factors. The data were entered in Epi Data 3.1 version and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Variables with P<0.25 in the bivariable analysis were taken to the multivariable analysis to control potential confounders, and p< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The overall prevalence of asymptomatic malaria was 7.0%, with 3.0%, 5.2% and 12.0%, respectively by Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT), Microscopy and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Majority of the infections (73.7%) were identified from index households. PCR detected asymptomatic infections about 2.7 and 2.3 folds higher than RDT and microscope, respectively. Previous malaria history (AOR: 4.030, 95% CI: 1.021-15.903), living with index cases (AOR: 3.880, 95% CI: 1.275-11.806) and family size > 6 members (AOR: 4.820, 95% CI: 1.260-18.437) were significant predictors of Plasmodium spp infection.Conclusion: Reactive case detection had identified considerably higher asymptomatic malaria cases at the community. Therefore, active case investigation should be established in the community by tracking the symptomatic cases at the health facilities. Diagnostic tests involving the PCR should be implemented in the surveillance of asymptomatic malaria. Active malaria cases should also be treated.
Supplementation with a bioactive melon concentrate in humans and animals: prevention of oxidative damages and fatigue in the context of a moderate or eccentric physical activity
Authors: Saby Marion , Gauthier Audrey , Barial Sandy , Egoumenides Laure , Jover Bernard
Published: December 2019

Background: Physical activity is recognized to provide both physical and psychological health benefits. However, oxidative stress can occur in case of poor adaptation to effort and reduce training effectiveness inducing muscular and joint damages. SOD B® M is a melon concentrate, well known to counteract oxidative stress and prevent its side effects. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of the melon concentrate in the context of both a strong and isolated effort associated with deleterious effects, and a moderate and regular physical activity considered as beneficial. Methods: First, a preclinical study was set up on Sprague Dawley rats to evaluate the effect of the melon concentrate on the prevention of damages induced by an eccentric exercise. Secondly, the combined effect of the melon concentrate and a regular standardized physical training was studied on the overall physical condition of healthy subjects in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Repeated measures ANOVA, student’s t test and Mann-Whitney test were used for statistical analyses. Results: Melon concentrate helped to prevent gastrocnemius damages induced by the eccentric exercise. It allowed a reduction of fibrosis by approximately 38 % and a reduction of TNF-α plasma level by 28 %. This supplementation also induced a rearrangement of myosin fibers and an increase in PGC-1α plasma level. In the clinical study, melon concentrate was able to decrease oxidative stress and CRP plasma level. Besides, magnesium (Mg) plasma level was higher in the context of a regular training performed by healthy subjects supplemented with the melon concentrate. Conclusions: Melon concentrate was able to prevent damages generated during an eccentric exercise. It also allowed a better adaptation to effort linked to PGC-1α activation: a regulator of energy metabolism. The antioxidant properties of the melon concentrate and its ability to mobilize Mg also suggest that the supplementation could induce a better endurance and resistance to fatigue during regular physical activity.
Diamond Exploration and Resource Evaluation of Kimberlites
Authors: Kjarsgaard Bruce A. , Januszczak Nicole , Stiefenhofer Johann
Published: December 2019

Kimberlites are the main source of natural gem-quality diamonds. The intrepid diamond explorer faces three major problems. First, finding a small, usually less than 300 m diameter, kimberlite, which is often highly weathered. Second, evaluating the quantity of diamonds within a kimberlite that often consists of multiple phases of intrusive and extrusive kimberlite, each with potentially different diamond grades. Third, evaluating the rough diamonds, the value of which is dependent on carat-weight, shape, colour, and clarity. Modern advances in mantle petrology, geophysics, geochemistry, geomorphology, and geostatistics now complement historical exploration knowledge and aid in selecting prospective target areas, resource estimation, and evaluating kimberlite-hosted diamond deposits.
Kültürel Mirasımızda Geleneksel Türk Sanatları Bağlamında "Motif" Okumaları
Authors: Üçer Kaya
Published: December 2019

Türk toplumunun sosyal, kültürel ve günlük
yaşamında belirleyici bir öğe olan sanat; toplumu bir arada tutan örf, adet,
gelenek, görenek ve kültürel yapı ile bir bütündür. Orta Asya’dan Anadolu
coğrafyasına göç eden bu kültür ve sanat anlayışımız birçok kurulan Türk
devleti içerisinde kendine has kurallarıyla devamlılığını sürdürmüştür.

Devletler kurulup yıkılsa da Türk toplumunun
belleğini oluşturan kültürel miras devlet geleneği de olan Türk toplumlarının
yaşamasını sağlamış bununla yetinmeyip bu kültürel mirası gelecek nesillere de
aktararak devinimi sağlamıştır. Kültürel mirasın yapı taşlarından olan
"Motif" kültürümüz üzerinden yapacağım okumlar dünya da kabul
edinilmesini istediğimiz "Türk Sanatı" anlayışının önemli bir unsuru
olduğunun icazetidir.
Sarıkeçili Yörük Dokumalarının Renk Kontrastlıkları Açısından Tasarım Kurgusunun İncelemesi
Authors: Kodal Tuğba , Genç Mustafa
Published: December 2019

Öz

Isparta ve çevresi iklimi, bitki örtüsü, yaylaları ve göç
yolları güzergâhında olmasından dolayı Yörük yaşamı ve buna bağlı olarak dokuma
kültürü açısından zengin bir yöredir. Osmanlı ve Cumhuriyet dönemindeki iskân faaliyetleriyle
Yörükler yerleşik hayata geçirilmiş, birçoğu yarı konar-göçer olmuştur.
Yerleşim tercihleri önceden yaşadıkları bölgeler olmuştur. Sarıkeçili’ler öncesi
göç yollarından biri olan Isparta ve çevresine yerleşen Yörüklerdendir.
Çalışmada Isparta’da yaşayan Sarıkeçili Yörüklerine ait dokumaların alt anlamı
ya da simgesel okumasına girmeksizin plastik bağlamda çözümlemesi yapılmıştır.
Çözümleme yöntemi temel tasarım ilkeleri düzleminde yer alan renkkontrastlıkları
ve kompozisyon kurguları içerisindeki egemenlik (vurgu) ilişkileri üzerinden
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Şüphesiz dokumaların kendine özgü dillerini belirli
kalıplara sokmak ya da sanat eseri olup olmadıklarını sorgulamak
amaçlanmamıştır.  Amacımız; dokumaların
renk seçimlerinin tasarım kurgusuna etkisi nedir? Estetik bir arayış, ortak bir
biçem kaygısı söz konusu mu? Yoksa gelişigüzel bir seçim mi? gibi sorulara
cevap aramaktır. Ayrıca Sarıkeçili Yörüklerine ait 20 dokumada tasarım
ilkelerine uygun bir yapılaşma olup olmadığı sorgulanmıştır.
SDÜ-“SOKÜM” Projesi Kapsamında Isparta İlçelerinde Tespit Edilen Örnekler Üzerinden Yöresel Oyuncak Kültürüne İlişkin Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Ataseven Olcay , Aydın Bengü
Published: December 2019

Çocuk ve oyun ile doğrudan bağlantılı olan oyuncak kavramı,
tür, malzeme, yapım teknikleri açısından kültürden kültüre değişiklik gösterir.
Isparta yöresindeki oyuncak kültürünün de kendine özgü özelliklerini ortaya
çıkarmak amacıyla Somut Olmayan Kültürel Miras Projesi (SOKÜM) kapsamında
araştırmalar devam etmektedir. Şimdiye kadar Isparta’nın ilçelerinden Gönen,
Keçiborlu ve Eğirdir’de, günümüzde az da olsa geleneksel oyuncak yapımının
sürdürüldüğü tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile yukarıda belirtilen ilçelerdeki gözlemler
üzerinden, geleneksel ve yöresel oyuncak türleri, kullanılan malzemeler ve üretim
biçimleri incelenmiştir.
Manifestation of Professional Interest in Junior Students of Pedagogical College
Authors: Davydova Alexandra
Published: December 2019

The article features a diagnostic study of professional interest and professional choice motivation in first- and second-year students of Kemerovo Pedagogical College. The research objective was to determine their initial level of professional interest to various aspects of pedagogical activity, e.g. organizational, communicative, methodical, etc. The study also featured motivation and level of communicative and organizational abilities. The research was based on the questionnaire method. The analysis involved cognitive, emotional, volitional, and activity criteria. Professional motivation was studied by the method of "Self-Assessment of Professional and Pedagogical Motivation" as adapted by N. P. Fetiskin and by R. V. Ovcharova’s "Motives for Choosing a Profession". The development level of communicative and organizational abilities was performed on the basis of "Communicative and Organizational Skills" by V. A. Fedoroshin and V. V. Sinyavsky. The obtained data made it possible to determine the level of professional interest in junior students and to identify critical aspects of their professional training. The results can be applied both for the organization of educational and extracurricular activities or for individual academic disciplines, interdisciplinary courses, and professional modules.
Solidarity as a Socio-Anthropological Phenomenon
Authors: Krasikov Vladimir
Published: December 2019

New humanities, e.g. sociobiology, human ethology, evolutionary anthropology, etc., have delivered a lot of new knowledge. As a result, scientists have to update some old traditional concepts. The research objective was to examine the phenomenon of solidarity in the context of new approaches. The author compared the biological and anthropological characteristics of this phenomenon and defined it via specifically social forms of human interaction and historical cases. The connectivity of biological communities and the solidarity of human associations revealed some similarities and differences. Human abilities for self-restraint and discipline are consequence of the conscious nature of solidarity. Solidarity as a specifically social form of interaction does not result from the psychological characteristics of people. It expresses the ways people interact with each other, according to their number and degree of convergence. The most important psychological sign of the solidarity of natural groups is their organicity, or integrity, as well as the mutual coordination of individual feelings and experiences. Solidarity is the cohesion of human communities, based on historical types of social interaction. The degree of unfavorable environment and the degree of internal coordination of interests and feelings determine the degree of unity of the group. The author identified two main stable forms of solidarity in history – organic and rationalized. The historical dynamics of the division of labor and personalization determine these forms of solidarity. The author also established the following historical forms of organic solidarity: patrimonial, family-clan, egalitarian, class, and chiliastic.
Optimal Sizing and Design of Isolated Micro-Grid systems
Authors: Abdel-hamed Alaa M. , Ellissy Kamel , Adly Ahmed R. , Abdelfattah H.
Published: December 2019

Micro-grid and standalone schemes are emerging as a viable mixed source of electricity due to interconnected costly central power plants and associated faults as well as brownouts and blackouts in additions to costly fuels. Micro-Grid (MG) is gaining very importance to avoid or decrease these problems. The objective of this paper is to design an optimal sizing and energy management scheme of an isolated MG. The MG is suggested to supply load located in El-shorouk Academy, Egypt between 30.119 latitudes and 31.605 longitudes. The components of the MG are selected and designed for achieving minimum Total Investment Cost (TIC) with CO2 emissions limitations. This is accomplished by a search and optimization MATLAB code used with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) techniques. The use of Diesel Generators (DGs) is minimized by limiting the gaseous CO2 emissions as per targeted allowable amount. A comparison is accomplished for investigating the CO2 emissions constraints effects on the TIC in $/year and annual cost of energy in $/kWh. The obtained results verified and demonstrated that the designed MG configuration scheme is able to feed the energy entailed by the suggested load cost effectively and environmental friendly.
Lessons Learned from the First Passivhaus Building in Qatar
Authors: Khalfan May
Published: December 2019

Energy efficient models have become the path to reduce energy consumption and Greenhouse gas emissions in the built environment in many developed countries. According to the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), new buildings constructed within the European Union (EU) countries are expected to be nearly zero energy buildings (nZEBs) by 2020, while new public buildings are expected to adhere to this target by 2018. The Passivhaus approach has been identified by several researchers as a possible roadmap to achieve nZEBs. The meticulous engineering and high standards of the Passivhaus building fabric, in addition to the high comfort levels, are the main reasons behind the success and widespread of the standard. Recently, in 2013 the Passivhaus principles have been applied to an experimental residential project in the hot and arid climate of Qatar. The project is composed of two identical buildings, one built according to the Passivhaus standard and the other according to normal practices in the country. The thermal performance and comfort levels of both buildings were assessed through dynamic simulation and on-site measurements. Results indicated that at least 50% reduction in annual operational energy, water consumption, and CO2 emissions were achieved in the Passivhaus model in comparison to the standard model. This paper aims to highlight the lessons learned through the Passivhaus project; first by exhibiting the Passivhaus criteria that have been met, second by showcasing the outcomes of the project, and third by displaying the barriers and difficulties that have been associated with building according to the standard in Qatar. Finally, recommendations and general guidelines are suggested towards a possible adoption of the Passivhaus standard in Qatar and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries
A Model Proposed for the Prediction of Future Sustainable Residence Specifications Using Analytical Network Process
Authors: Eraqi Ayman M. Zakaria , Shoura Walid Abdul-Hady
Published: December 2019

In Egypt, people are unable to determine the qualities of appropriate residence that achieves quality and occupant satisfaction, and contributes to sustainability of residential conglomerations. In general, developing countries lack housing information which can be used to enhance quality of residence. Also, the methods of assessing and identifying the appropriate criteria for future residence quality remain traditional ones that cannot address the multiple, conflicting, overlapping aspects to reach a good decision. This calls for using the Analytical Network Process  (ANP), an effective tool for specifying the relative importance of all factors impacting a specific issue for making an appropriate residential decision. In addition, this method provides results for the decision element impacts network within the decision structure; thus contributing to more understanding of the mechanisms and requirements of residence selection. The proposed decision structure comprises a two-level network: main clusters, main elements, and sub-elements included in the demographic characteristics group, the residence criteria group, the demand parameters group, the supply parameters group, the residence specifications group, and the alternatives group which representing, in total, the decision and specifying the percentage needed for each housing level. Results of the model showed complete capacity in smoothly addressing complexities and overlapping in the decision structure. The decision structure showed that 52% chose luxury residence, 28% chose middle-class residence, and 19.5% chose the economic residence. Mechanisms of decision making were analyzed; particularly in terms of relationship to demographic characteristics and residence specifications. Also, the importance and impact of demand / supply parameters in reaching decision were analyzed.
Napromienianie całego ciała TBI
Authors: Paluszyńska Marta , Schulz Justyna , Konstanty Ewelina
Published: December 2019

W Wielkopolskim Centrum Onkologii od dwudziestu pięciu lat stosuje się metodę napromieniania całego ciała (ang. Total Body Irradiation, TBI) jako metodę przygotowania pacjentów przed przeszczepem szpiku. Aktualnie stosowana procedura zakłada dawkę 12 Gy z obniżeniem dawki na płuca do 9 Gy. Pacjent jest napromieniany z pól lateralnych oraz AP/PA. Duża dawka, na którą narażony jest pacjent ma wpływ nie tylko na komórki nowotworowe, ale również na zdrowe narządy i prowadzi do licznych zmian popromiennych.
Groundwater budget deficit caused by drought and overexploitation
Authors: Soleimani-Motlagh Mahdi , Ghasemieh Hoda , Talebi Ali , Abdollahi Khodayar , Dragoni Walter
Published: December 2019

Groundwater is generally influenced by overexploitation and climatic stresses particularly in arid and semi-arid areas of the world. The present research was conducted to identify the relative contribution of drought and overexploitation to groundwater budget deficit in an unconfined aquifer system. In order to simulate groundwater, the simulated recharge from WetSpass-M model was applied in the MODFLOW model along with other required packages. Moreover, the groundwater budget deficit caused by stressors was quantified through the use of calibrated groundwater model predictions. In order to better understand how the stressors affect the groundwater deficit, the aquifer was divided into Clusters 1, 2, and 3. Locally, the results showed that the contribution of stressors to groundwater budget deficit was the highest in Cluster 1 due to the groundwater overexploitation and quick reaction of the groundwater level to the droughts. Overall, this research showed that both drought and overexploitation, with an average of 2.44 and 3.32 million cubic meters, respectively, played a significant role in groundwater storage deficit. Furthermore, the effect of groundwater overexploitation was approximately 36% more than droughts.
Urban water demand assessment for sustainable water resources management, under climate change and socioeconomic changes
Authors: Alamanos Angelos , Sfyris Stamatis , Fafoutis Chrysostomos , Mylopoulos Nikitas
Published: December 2019

The relationship between water abstraction and water availability has turned into a major stress factor in the urban exploitation of water resources. The situation is expected to be sharpened in the future due to the intensity of extreme meteorological phenomena, and socio-economic changes affecting water demand. In the city of Volos, Greece, the number of water counters has been tripled during the last four decades. This study attempts to simulate the city's network, supply system and water demand through a forecasting model. The forecast was examined under several situations, based on climate change and socio-economic observations of the city, using meteorological, water pricing, users' income, level of education, family members, floor and residence size variables. The most interesting outputs are: (a) the impact of each variable in the water consumption and (b) water balance under four management scenarios, indicating the future water management conditions of the broader area, including demand and supply management. The results proved that rational water management can lead to remarkable water conservation. The simulation of real scenarios and future situations in the city's water demand and balance, is the innovative element of the study, making it capable of supporting the local water utility.
Anti-angiogenesis Potential of Phytochemicals for the Therapeutic Management of Tumors
Authors: Munir Samman , Shah Asad A. , Shahid Muhammad , Ahmed Muhammad S. , Shahid Aqsa , Rajoka Muhammad S.R. , Akash Muhammad S.H. , Akram Muhammad , Khurshid Mohsin
Published: December 2019

The role of angiogeneses during the growth and progression of tumors is well documented. Likewise, a
balance is generally maintained between the cellular proliferation and the apoptosis, therefore, the tumors can
persist for years in a dormant phase. During the past few years, many hypotheses have been proposed relating to
the importance of tumor angiogenesis for the development and spread of tumors and preventive or therapeutic
capacity of angiogenesis inhibitors as a potential target for controlling the growth of cancerous tissue. The antiangiogenic
based therapeutic approaches are considered as the most promising method for the control of tumors,
as this therapeutic approach is less likely to attain the drug resistance. Further, the tumor vasculature is an important
prognostic marker that can independently predict the pathological stages as well as the metastatic potential of
tumors. Various biologically active phytochemicals have been extracted from the dietary sources and the plants
that have engaged the scientist and pharmaceutical industries around the globe. The antioxidant, antiinflammatory,
anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic potential of these bioactive phytochemicals is evident from
the in vitro studies using cell lines and investigations involving the animal models..The present review is focused
on the promising role of anti-angiogenesis-based therapies for the management of tumors and the recent developments
relating to the interplay of phytochemicals and angiogenesis for the suppression of tumor cells.
The Predominant microRNAs in β-cell Clusters for Insulin Regulation and Diabetic Control
Authors: Soltani Adele , Jafarian Arefeh , Allameh Abdolamir
Published: December 2019

micro (mi)-RNAs are vital regulators of multiple processes including insulin signaling pathways and glucose metabolism. Pancreatic β-cells function is dependent on some miRNAs and their target mRNA, which together form a complex regulative network. Several miRNAs are known to be directly involved in β-cells functions such as insulin expression and secretion. These small RNAs may also play significant roles in the fate of β-cells such as proliferation, differentiation, survival and apoptosis. Among the miRNAs, miR-7, miR-9, miR-375, miR-130 and miR-124 are of particular interest due to being highly expressed in these cells. Under diabetic conditions, although no specific miRNA profile has been noticed, the expression of some miRNAs and their target mRNAs are altered by posttranscriptional mechanisms, exerting diverse signs in the pathobiology of various diabetic complications. The aim of this review article is to discuss miRNAs involved in the process of stem cells differentiation into β-cells, resulting in enhanced β-cell functions with respect to diabetic disorders. This paper will also look into the impact of miRNA expression patterns on in vitro proliferation and differentiation of β-cells. The efficacy of the computational genomics and biochemical analysis to link the changes in miRNA expression profiles of stem cell-derived β-cells to therapeutically relevant outputs will be discussed as well.
Melatonin and Melatonergic Influence on Neuronal Transcription Factors: Implications for the Development of Novel Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Onaolapo O.J. , Onaolapo A.Y. , Olowe O.A. , Udoh M.O. , Udoh D.O. , Nathaniel I.T.
Published: December 2019

Melatonin is a multifunctional signalling molecule that is secreted by the mammalian
pineal gland, and also found in a number of organisms including plants and bacteria. Research has
continued to uncover an ever-increasing number of processes in which melatonin is known to play
crucial roles in mammals. Amongst these functions is its contribution to cell multiplication, differentiation
and survival in the brain. Experimental studies show that melatonin can achieve these
functions by influencing transcription factors which control neuronal and glial gene expression.
Since neuronal survival and differentiation are processes that are important determinants of the
pathogenesis, course and outcome of neurodegenerative disorders; the known and potential influences
of melatonin on neuronal and glial transcription factors are worthy of constant examination.
In this review, relevant scientific literature on the role of melatonin in preventing or altering the
course and outcome of neurodegenerative disorders, by focusing on melatonin’s influence on transcription
factors is examined. A number of transcription factors whose functions can be influenced
by melatonin in neurodegenerative disease models have also been highlighted. Finally, the therapeutic
implications of melatonin’s influences have also been discussed and the potential limitations
to its applications have been highlighted.
Potential Therapeutic Approaches to Alzheimer’s Disease By Bioinformatics, Cheminformatics And Predicted Adme-Tox Tools
Authors: Avram Speranta , Mernea Maria , Limban Carmen , Borcan Florin , Chifiriuc Carmen
Published: December 2019

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is considered a severe, irreversible and progressive
neurodegenerative disorder. Currently, the pharmacological management of AD is based on a
few clinically approved acethylcholinesterase (AChE) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor
ligands, with unclear molecular mechanisms and severe side effects.

Methods:

Here, we reviewed the most recent bioinformatics, cheminformatics (SAR, drug design,
molecular docking, friendly databases, ADME-Tox) and experimental data on relevant structurebiological
activity relationships and molecular mechanisms of some natural and synthetic compounds
with possible anti-AD effects (inhibitors of AChE, NMDA receptors, beta-secretase, amyloid
beta (Aβ), redox metals) or acting on multiple AD targets at once. We considered: (i) in silico
supported by experimental studies regarding the pharmacological potential of natural compounds as
resveratrol, natural alkaloids, flavonoids isolated from various plants and donepezil, galantamine,
rivastagmine and memantine derivatives, (ii) the most important pharmacokinetic descriptors of
natural compounds in comparison with donepezil, memantine and galantamine.

Results:

In silico and experimental methods applied to synthetic compounds led to the identification
of new AChE inhibitors, NMDA antagonists, multipotent hybrids targeting different AD processes
and metal-organic compounds acting as Aβ inhibitors. Natural compounds appear as multipotent
agents, acting on several AD pathways: cholinesterases, NMDA receptors, secretases or Aβ, but
their efficiency in vivo and their correct dosage should be determined.

Conclusion:

Bioinformatics, cheminformatics and ADME-Tox methods can be very helpful in the
quest for an effective anti-AD treatment, allowing the identification of novel drugs, enhancing the
druggability of molecular targets and providing a deeper understanding of AD pathological mechanisms.
Anticholinesterase Activity of Cinnamic Acids Derivatives: In Vitro, In Vivo Biological Evaluation, and Docking Study
Authors: Ghafary Shahrzad , Nadri Hamid , Mahdavi Mohammad , Moradi Alireza , Akbarzadeh Tahmineh , Sharifzadeh Mohammad , Edraki Najmeh , Moghadam Farshad Homayouni , Amini Mohsen
Published: December 2019

Background:

Acetylcholine deficiency in the hippocampus and cortex, aggregation of amyloid-beta, and beta-secretase overactivity have been introduced as the main reasons in the formation of Alzheimer’s disease.

Objective:

A new series of cinnamic derived acids linked to 1-benzyl-1,2,3-triazole moiety were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitory activities.

Methods:

Colorimetric Ellman’s method was used for the determination of IC50% of AchE and BuChE inhibitory activity. The kinetic studies, neuroprotective activity, BACE1 inhibitory activity, evaluation of inhibitory potency on Aβ1-42 self-aggregation induced by AchE, and docking study were performed for studying the mechanism of action.

Results:

Some of the synthesized compounds, compound 7b-4 ((E)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-((1- (4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-yl) methyl) acrylamide) depicted the most potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities ( IC50 = 5.27 μM ) and compound 7a-1 (N- ( (1- benzyl- 1H- 1, 2, 3- triazole - 4-yl) methyl) cinnamamide) demonstrated the most potent butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities (IC50 = 1.75 μM). Compound 7b-4 showed neuroprotective and β-secretase (BACE1) inhibitory activitiy. In vivo studies of compound 7b-4 in Scopolamine-induced dysfunction confirmed memory improvement.

Conculusion:

It should be noted that molecular modeling (compounds 7b-4 and 7a-1) and kinetic studies (compounds 7a-1 and 7b-4) showed that these synthesis compounds interacted simultaneously with both the catalytic site (CS) and peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChE and BuChE.
Yellow Oleander (Thevetia peruviana) Seed as a Potential Bioresource for Industrial Applications
Authors: Basumatary Bidangshri , Nath Biswajit , Kalita Pranjal , Das Bipul , Basumatary Sanjay
Published: December 2019

Raw materials from renewable natural resources for industrial applications are in high
concern in recent industrial research. Researchers invest their time in the management of waste as
well as the conversion of waste to wealth. In that line, the production of biofuels including biodiesel,
and value-added products from non-edible oil sources as well as from the generated waste biomasses,
are in the tilt of research in recent times. Preparation of different oleochemicals such as grease, resins,
soap, lubricants, etc. from vegetable oils, and utilization of seed cake as fertilizer, animal feed,
medicine, etc. are encouraged as a part of the generation of waste to wealth as per today’s environment
is concerned. In recent days, various reports on the production of biodiesel and other oleochemicals
from non-edible oil sources are published in various scientific journals. Yellow oleander (Thevetia
peruviana) is a tropical shrub which produces a toxic non-edible fruit containing a high percentage
of seed oil (up to 67%), protein (30-37%) as well as other medicinally important phytochemicals.
It is attracting the researchers worldwide for the production of biodiesel, various oleochemicals,
medicine, animal feed, etc. In this study, biodiesel and various value-added products synthesized
from Thevetia peruviana oil and cake are reviewed to generate and popularize the potential use
of yellow oleander seed for various industrial applications and accordingly, for substantial growth in
cultivation for commercial-scale requirements.
Is “Leptin Resistance” Another Key Resistance to Manage Type 2 Diabetes?
Authors: Salazar Juan , Chávez-Castillo Mervin , Rojas Joselyn , Ortega Angel , Nava Manuel , Pérez José , Rojas Milagros , Espinoza Cristobal , Chacin Maricarmen , Herazo Yaneth , Angarita Lissé , Rojas Diana Marcela , D’Marco Luis , Bermudez Valmore
Published: December 2019

Although novel pharmacological options for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2)
have been observed to modulate the functionality of several key organs in glucose homeostasis, successful
regulation of insulin resistance (IR), body weight management, and pharmacological treatment of
obesity remain notable problems in endocrinology. Leptin may be a pivotal player in this scenario, as an
adipokine which centrally regulates appetite and energy balance. In obesity, excessive caloric intake promotes
a low-grade inflammatory response, which leads to dysregulations in lipid storage and adipokine
secretion. In turn, these entail alterations in leptin sensitivity, leptin transport across the blood-brain barrier
and defects in post-receptor signaling. Furthermore, hypothalamic inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum
stress may increase the expression of molecules which may disrupt leptin signaling. Abundant
evidence has linked obesity and leptin resistance, which may precede or occur simultaneously to IR
and DM2. Thus, leptin sensitivity may be a potential early therapeutic target that demands further preclinical
and clinical research. Modulators of insulin sensitivity have been tested in animal models and
small clinical trials with promising results, especially in combination with agents such as amylin and
GLP-1 analogs, in particular, due to their central activity in the hypothalamus.