bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1554 – Verbal Fluencies Associated Factors In Elderly
Authors: Caldas L. , Espirito-Santo H. , Matreno J. , Marques M. , Pena I.T. , Costa M.D. , Costa A. , Simões D. , Conde A. , Correia A.R. , Almeida R. , Moitinho S. , Rodrigues F. , Simões S.C. , Lemos L. , Daniel F.
Published: July 2013

Verbal fluency (VF) involves complex processes and has been a good marker of cognitive decline. However, the literature is inconsistent concerning to witch factors are associated with VF.

Our aims are to analyze the relationship between both phonemic verbal fluency (PVF) and semantic verbal fluency (SVF) and sociodemographic and psychopathological variables, and explore which emerge as significant predictors.

A subsample of 429 of healthy institutionalized elderly from the Aging Trajectories at Coimbra Council Project were surveyed (60 to 100 years; mean age = 80.38 ± 7.24), the majority was women (76.9%), without a partner (82.2%), without education or with less than four years of education (85.7%), manual occupation (90.1%), and attending day care centers. We evaluated VF phonetically (letters P, M, R) and semantically (animals and food), anxiety symptoms through the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI), depressive symptoms through Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and feelings of loneliness through Loneliness Scale (UCLA).

PVF was significantly related with education, occupation, GAI, and GDS. SVF was significantly associated with age, education, occupation, and GDS. Furthermore, SVF scores were worse in elderly men and in those living in night care center, and PVF scores were lower in those with high levels of anxiety symptomatology. In logistic regression analysis none of the variables accounted for the variance in PVF. The only predictor of SVF was sex. In conclusion, this study allowed us to elucidate the only key factor underlying verbal fluency. Being a man may affect SVF performance in institutionalized elderly.
1557 – Stigma And Burden Of Mental Illness: Finding Hope
Authors: Zaghloul A.S. , Mousa M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

The lives of patients with mental illness and their families are often not drastically altered by the burden of mental illness only, but also by the stigma and society’s reactions to them.

Objective

The objective of this article is to review the causes, magnitude, and consequences of stigma and burden of mental illness, and current successful interventions to overcome stigma and burden, with an emphasis on the role of psychiatric nurses.

Method

A narrative literature review of articles related to stigma and burden of mental illness was conducted.

Conclusion

Overcoming the stigma and burden of mental illness is one of the great challenges facing mental health professionals. Psychiatric nurses can play a crucial role in eliminating stigma and reducing burden of mental illness, so patients with mental illness and their families can live free from discrimination and suffering.
1573 – Pain Disorder And Traumatic Experiences
Authors: Martins L. , Espirito-Santo H.
Published: July 2013

There is a consensus of the importance of trauma in the etiology of somatoform pain. The association between particular types of trauma and medically unexplained pain has been reported. This research sought to examine the links between traumatic experiences and somatoform pain disorder (SPD), particularly to investigate the association between types of trauma and pain locations, and control the potential effect of sociodemographic and psychopathological variables in these associations. One group with SPD (n = 30) and a comparison group with patients without pathology of pain (n = 30) were assessed with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus for diagnostic confirmation, a Map body of pain for the localization of pain, the Traumatic Experiences Checklist (TEC), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Mean age was 44.25 (SD = 10.17), 43 were women and 17 men.

SPD group had higher mean scores in all TEC areas, with 76.7% having more than two traumatic experiences, and higher mean BDI and BSI scores. Pain location correlated with trauma location (r = 0.52; p < 0.01) remaining significantly after controlling for age and sex. Bisserial correlations between groups of disorders and total trauma (r = 0.38, p < 0.01), emotional trauma (r = 0.30, p < 0.05), and trauma with body threat (r = 0.43, p < 0.01), lowered after controlling for the effect of symptomatology, however remained significant. These findings show that it is important to include the assessment of trauma in SPD to adequate the appropriated treatments.
1581 – Steroid Hormones Levels In Alcohol Dependent Patients Under Conditions Of Social Isolation
Authors: Bokhan N. , Gavrilova V. , Gusev S. , Ivanova S.
Published: July 2013

According to literature data, steroid hormones are involved in development of aggressive behavior. In addition, it is shown that alcoholism is associated with alterations in the activity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis during chronic alcohol consumption and in withdrawal period as well.

Objective

The research aims to investigate the correlations between steroid hormones level alterations and aggression level among alcoholic patients under conditions of social isolation.

Material and methods

Serum levels of cortisol and testosterone were measured in alcohol dependent males with aggressive behavior (n=60) and in alcohol-dependent non-aggressive males (n=27) being under conditions of social isolation. The control group consisted of 24 alcoholic patients during alcohol withdrawal. The hormone serum levels were measured with ELISA method. Statistical processing of results was carried out with software package SPSS for Windows.

Results

In comparison with the control group, increase of cortisol concentration in patients under conditions of social isolation has been observed. Patients with aggressive behavior have shown the trend toward cortisol level increase as against nonaggressive alcohol-dependent males. Concentration of testosterone in the investigated groups did not differ from the one of control group.

Conclusions

Increase of cortisol level in the investigated groups is apparently a consequence of influence of the factor of social isolation, but also it might be associated with aggressiveness tendency of alcoholic patients. Steroid hormones may play a significant role in aggressive behavior of alcohol-dependent patients in the conditions of social isolation.
1587 – Discrimination As a Psychological Disorder a Study In The Novel (season Of Migration To The Northth) By: Al-tayyib Saleh (sudan)
Authors: Alzubi A.
Published: July 2013

Season of Migration to the North,([i]) by the Sudanese novelist al-Tayyib Salih, introduces two main themes: The lack of communication among modern, different civilizations, and the psychological dimensions and the destructive effects of the racial problem in the present age. Focusing on those two themes, Salih portrays a realistic image of the dilemma of discrimination in contemporary society, in which death is seen as a constant threat to human relations as long as the discrimination exists. The novel tells the story of Mustafa Saīd, a Sudanese, who spends thirty years in Britain as a law student and lecturer in London universities. Basically, Saīd is characterized as an intellectual and a gentle man, whose accomplishments during his study and teaching prove his capacity to accommodate both the demands and rewards of Western life. His assimilation, however, is only superficial, and the novel displays the inner conflicts of a black African Muslim male in a society - whose values are totally different from those of his native culture.

([i](Al- Tayyib Salih, Season of Migration to the North (Mawsim al-Hijrah ila al-Shamal), translated into English by denys Johnson-Davies, London, 1969.
1596 – Chronobiological Thyroid Axis Activity Could Predict Antidepressant Response In Major Depression
Authors: Duval F. , Mokrani M.-C. , Gonzalez Lopera F. , Alexa C. , Rabia H. , Proudnikova X. , Erb A.
Published: July 2013

Background

We previously demonstrated that the difference between 23.00h and 08.00h TSH response to TRH tests on the same day (ΔΔTSH test) is reduced in about 75% of drug-free depressed inpatients. This study sought to determine whether this chronobiological index, at baseline and after 2 weeks of treatment, could predict antidepressant response.

Methods

The ΔΔTSH test was performed in 50 drug-free DSM-IV euthyroid major depressed inpatients and 50 hospitalized controls. After 2 weeks of antidepressant treatment the ΔΔTSH test was repeated in all inpatients. Antidepressant response was evaluated after 6 weeks of treatment.

Results

At baseline, ΔΔTSH values were significantly lower in patients compared to controls (p< 0.000001): 38 patients showed reduced values (i.e. ΔΔTSH ≤ 2.5 mIU/L; sensitivity, 76%; specificity, 98%). After two weeks of treatment, 20 patients showed ΔΔTSH normalization (among them 18 were subsequent remitters), while 18 patients did not normalize their ΔΔTSH (among them 15 were non remitters) (p < 0.00001). Among the 12 patients who had normal ΔΔTSH values at baseline, 8 out 9 who had still normal values after 2 weeks of treatment were remitters, while the 3 with worsening thyroid axis function (i.e. reduced ΔΔTSH value after 2 weeks of treatment) were non-remitters (p< 0.02).

Conclusion

Our results suggest that after 2 weeks of antidepressant treatment: 1) an abnormal ΔΔTSH test could predict non-remission, and 2) ΔΔTSH normalization is associated with subsequent remission. Thus, chronobiological restoration of the thyroid axis activity precedes clinical improvement and may predict the therapeutic outcome in major depression.
1621 – Depressive Symptoms And Cognitive Functioning In Elderly
Authors: Enache D. , Almkvist O. , Gregoric Kramberger M. , Jelic V. , Eriksdotter M. , Lebedeva A. , Göthe F. , Winblad B. , Aarsland D.
Published: July 2013

Aim

To explore the associations between depressive symptoms and cognition in patients with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods

286 Patients (60.8% females) with SCI (n=96), MCI (n=125), AD (n=65) from a University hospital-based memory clinic were compared in several tests of cognitive performance. Mean (SD) age 67.73 (7.2) and median (range) MMSE score 28 (16-30) and Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) score 5 (0-20). The three groups were subdivided into those with and without depression as evaluated by CSDD (≥12). Cognitive functions were assessed in five domains (verbal, visuospatial, short-term memory, episodic memory and executive function) based on a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests.

Results

A MANOVA on the five cognitive domains showed that depression vs. no depression differed significantly in the verbal (F (1,167) =4.24, p=.041) and executive (F(1,167)=17.87, p=.0001) domains. There was a significant interaction between diagnostic group, depression and cognitive domains F(2,167)=5.34, p=.006, due to a poorer performance in the executive domain for depressed MCI and AD patient compared with non depressed, but such an association was not found in SCI patients. Other markers of depression (history and current medication) did not change this pattern.

Conclusion

Depression is associated with executive function in MCI and AD patients.
1632 – Risk Factors For Parasuicidal Behavior Among Alcoholics
Authors: Razvodovsky Y.E.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

It is well recognized that alcohol dependence is among the major risk factors that are associated with suicidal behavior.

Objectives

This study was design to extend our understanding of alcohol-parasuicide relationship by examining some of the socio-demographic and mental health characteristics of alcohol dependent suicide attempters.

Methods

The relationship between alcohol dependence and parasuicide was studied among patients admitted to a Gomel regional psychiatric hospital (Belarus). A total 117 male alcohol dependent in-patients (ADPS) and a comparison group of 128 non-alcohol dependent parasuicidal in-patients (NADPS) were investigated. The socio-demographic and mental health profile of each group was analyzed.

Results

Risk factors for parasuicide were acute alcohol intoxication, social dysfunction and psychiatric symptoms. Results show that, compared with NADPS patients, those with an alcohol dependence were older (32.1 vs. 29.3; p< 0,001), unemployed (46.2% vs. 31.3%; p< 0,001), or with a past history of deliberate self-harm (21.4% vs. 14.1%; p< 0,01). Comorbid psychiatric disorders were presented in 58.1% of ADPS and in 69.2% of NADPS patients. The prevalence of personality disorders (23.4% vs. 17.1%) and schizophrenia (10.9% vs. 6.8%) were higher among NADPS compared with ADPS patients. Consumption of alcohol at the time of the parasuicidal act was reported more commonly by ADPS than by NADPS (70.1% vs. 45.31%; p< 0,001).

Conclusions

These findings are consistent with previous research indicating a causal role for acute alcohol intoxication in parasuicidal behavior among alcohol dependent individuals.
1634 – Different Nosogenic Reactions In Patients Withbreast Cancer
Authors: Shushpanova O.
Published: July 2013

Background

Problem of malignant tumors is one of leading for modern society due to large prevalence and lethality of these diseases in Russia. In this association, increasingly greater relevance is acquired by problem of diagnostics of nosogenias and rehabilitation of patients with nosogenic reactions.

Materials

In our investigation, sample included 30 patients at the age from 28 to 71 years (in average 49,7±11,1 years) with diagnosis “breast cancer” at Russian Oncological Scientific Center in pre- and post surgery period of radical mastectomy.

Results

Average length of disease at baseline has constituted 6,8±1,2 months. In all studied cases, nosogenic reactions flew at two stages - manifestation and clinical differentiation. At stage 1 - manifestation - in all studied female patients, acute (“universal”) affective reaction developed (reaction of apparent death - according to E. Kretschmer). At stage 2 clinically differentiated reaction of one of 4 types formed: anxiety-depressive, anxiety-dissociative, anxiety-phobic and hypomaniacal. Anxiety-dissociative reaction formed predominantly in patients with hysteric personality disorder. Anxiety-phobic was more typical for persons with anxiety-avoidant personality disorder. Hypomaniacal nosogenic reaction was revealed in female patients with combined schizoid traits and schizotypal personality disorder (group of expansive schizoids). Peculiarity of these patients is signs of hyponosognosia in family history that explains seeking the oncologist at remote stages of disease (stage IIIIV of breast cancer at admission).

Conclusion

For more successful therapy and rehabilitation of patients with breast cancer it is necessary to develop differentiated indications of psychopharmacotherapy of nosogenic disorders in this diseases.
1635 – The Correlates Of Positive Affect In Pregnancy And Postpartum
Authors: Soares M.J. , Marques M. , Pereira A.T. , Maia B. , Bos S. , Valente J. , Azevedo M.H.P. , Macedo A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Positive affect (PA) is correlated to several positive outcomes and might be a constituent of happiness (Lyubomirsky et al., 2005).

Objectives

To investigate the correlates of PA in pregnancy and postpartum.

Methods

397 pregnant women (T0) were also followed at 3 months postpartum (T1). At both time-points, they completed a questionnaire, the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS), the Profile of Mood States (POMS), and were also interviewed with some sections of the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic studies (DIGS). Descriptive and correlation analyses were performed.

Results

T0/T1 PA scores were correlated (p< .01). T0 PA was associated with fewer children, and T1 PA with a concurrent better self-reported health (p< .05). PA at T0/T1 was associated with nulliparity (p< .05/p< .01), mother's age (younger) (p< .05/p< .01). PA at T0/T1 was associated with lower levels of perceived life stress (p< .01); better life quality (p< .01); more social support (p< .01); lower levels of anxiety trait, depressive/anxious emotional states (p< .01), depressive symptoms (p< .01), and suicide ideation (p< .01); less self-reported maternal sleep difficulties and lower interference of it on their mood and working functioning. Moreover, PA assessed at pregnancy was associated with these variables at postpartum. PA at T1 was associated with a better perception of the infant as having less feeding/sleeping/and behavior problems.

Conclusions

PA is a protective emotional trait, a good indicator of physical/mental health, and well-being in perinatal period. Mother's PA influences her perception of the infant temperament and may contribute positively to the dyadic interaction.
1636 – Mental Health In Oldest Old Population
Authors: Rodrigues R.M.C. , Loureiro L.M.J. , Silva S.M.D.T. , Azeredo Z.A.S. , Crespo S.S.D.S. , Ribeiro C.F.S. ,   The Oldest Old: Coimbra Aging Study (PTDC/CS-SOC/114895/2009)
Published: July 2013

Introduction

The project “The Oldest Old: Coimbra aging study”’ (PTDC/CS-SOC/114895/2009) will be carried out based on an elderly population enrolled in Health Centers of the Municipality of Coimbra, Portugal. One of the areas in study is the mental health. This approach is complex due to the effects caused by changes occurring throughout life.

Objectives

Evaluate the mental health status of Coimbra's elderly population applying the OARS/QAFMI (Older Americans Resources and Services/ Questionário de Avaliação Funcional Multidimensional para Idosos) questionnaire.

Aims

Assess the use and need felt for health services and social support by the elderly, related with their functional status in mental health.

Methods

Quantitative methodology using the QAFMI/OARS. The sample consisted of individuals aged 75, or more, randomly selected and representative of Coimbra's elder residents, to achieve 10% of the population. Their mental health status was evaluated using the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ), the Short Psychiatric Evaluation Schedule (SPES) and a self-evaluation.

Results

The preliminary results showed that the majority of the individuals had scored a “good mental health” status. The female had tendentiously lower scores of the mental health status than the males with the same age. The oldest individuals (≥85 years old) had also scored lower results than the ones with 75-84 years old.

Conclusions

The results obtained with the OARS/QAFMI indicated a cognitive decline, with differences between gender and age of the individuals being the females and oldest individuals the ones to score the worst mental status.
1650 – Probable Creutzfeld-jakob Disease: a Neuropsychiatric Presentation
Authors: Wan Y.M.
Published: July 2013

Creutzfeld-Jakob disease (CJD) is the commonest form of transmissible human subacute spongiform encephalopathy, with a worldwide distribution of 0.5 to 1.0 per million population. A retrospective review in 1998 from Singapore General Hospital revealed 5 possible cases over 2 years, in an island with a population of 4 million. We present a 76 year-old Chinese man, with a premorbid personality of an independent person who was neat and meticulous, admitted for a 3 month-history of progressive behavioural change, associated with memory impairment and unsteady gait. He had long-standing hypertension which was well-controlled. The abnormal behaviour included frequent complaints of people coming to his house to have meetings, frequent misplacing of his belongings, as well as decreased self-hygiene. This has affected his daily functioning. There were no other symptoms of dementia. Initial MMSE was 16/30, with impairment in 2-point orientation (place/person), the serial sevens, and delayed recall. There was marked inattention. There was no evidence of mood disorder. No perceptual disorder was elicited. The brain MRI revealed cortical hyperintensities (“cortical ribboning”) in right frontal, parietal, temporal, and caudate nucleus. Physical examination on the 5th day of admission revealed mild bradykinesia, mild hypertonia of all 4 limbs, mildly impaired proprioception, mildly unsteady gait, as well as occasional myoclonic jerks of the head. Electroencephalogram showed generalised fronto-central fairly rhythmical periodic complexes with triphasic morphology.Cerebrospinal fluid protein 14-3-3 were negative. Over the next 12 days, his Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT) decreased from 8/10 to 5/10. The clinical picture was highly suggestive of sporadic CJD.
1680 – Prevalence, Severity And Course Of Depressive Symptomatology In Chronic Hepatitis c Patients On Pegylated Interferon Alpha: a 72-week Prospective Study
Authors: Pavlovic Z. , Jasovic-Gasic M. , Delic D. , Maric N.P. , Vukovic O. , Pejovic S.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Treatment with pegylated interferon alpha (PEG-IFN-α) in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is associated with depression more frequently than in other diseases treated with PEG-IFN-α.

Objective

To prospectively evaluate prevalence, severity and course of depressive symptomatology in CHC patients treated with PEG-IFN-α.

Methods

Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) was used to asses depressive symptoms in 103 subjects with CHC before PEG-IFN-α (mean dose 152.6±25.6 mcg; duration of therapy 48 weeks) and at the follow-up visits (4th, 12th, 24th, 48th, 72th week). Control group included 103 subjects with CHC without PEG-IFN-α.

Results

There was a significant increase in HAMD scores as early as in the 4th week of PEG-IFN-a therapy compared to baseline scores (38.8% vs. 24.3%). The peak of depressive symptomatology was detected in the 12th week (mean HAMD 9.34¤ 6.93), when a half of patients (49.5%) had HAMD above 7. At the end of the treatment (48th week), 38.8 % had HAMD above 7, and in the 72nd week (24 weeks without PEG-IFN-α), prevalence of depressive symptomatology was decreased to the values lower than at baseline (23.3% vs. 24.3%). The majority (28.2%) had mild depression, whereas moderate and severe depressive symptoms were found in 20.4% and 1%, respectively. No change in prevalence of depression was detected in control group.

Conclusion

Present study is the longest follow-up study of depressive symptoms as a side-effect of PEG-IFN-α in CHC. Our data yielded that the severity of the symptoms was mild to moderate and tends to decrease following therapy completion.
1682 – Working In Europe To Stop Truancy Among Youth (we-stay)
Authors: Carli V. , Wasserman C. , Sarchiapone M. , Hoven C. , Wasserman D. ,   WE-STAY Consortium
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Truancy is a serious public health problem that affects adolescents from all countries around the world; however, little is known about the short- and long-term outcomes of potential underlying psychological and mental ill-health for those adolescents who truant. Working in Europe to Stop Truancy Among Youth (WE-STAY) project is developed, as a randomized controlled trial (RCT), in order to examine truancy, and its subsequent association with psychological distress and mental illhealth. The WE-STAY Consortium comprises 10 European countries: Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Romania, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden serving as the coordinating centre.

Aims

The main objectives of WE-STAY are to gather epidemiological information on truancy on European adolescents; and to perform interventional school-based programs for adolescents, aimed at reducing truancy rates and improve mental health of students.

Methods

The WE-STAY project is implementing and evaluating outcomes of three different kinds of preventive interventions on truancy, which is compared with a minimal intervention serving as the control arm. Validated psychometric instruments incorporated into a self-report questionnaire is administered at baseline, 1- and 12-month follow-up assessments.

Conclusions

The WE-STAY project is expected to generate valuable information about the behaviour of European adolescents regarding attendance to school. The existing research on truancy is very scarce and affected by methodological shortcomings that make evaluating the effectiveness of their programs difficult. The main philosophy underlying the WE-STAY project is to consider truancy as a warning-sign for psychological and social distress in adolescents.
1688 – Suicidal Behaviours And Occupational Status: a Preliminary Analysis Of Emergency Room Psychiatric Consultation
Authors: Ressico F. , Coppola I. , Gramaglia C. , Zeppegno P.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Suicidal behaviours are major public health concerns, associated with many risk factors that vary with sociodemographical features.

Objectives

To compare the differences between patients visiting the emergency room (ER) for self-inflicted injury vs those needing psychiatric consultation for other reasons, as far as their occupational and accommodation status are concerned.

Aims

To evaluate the influence of the economic scenery on suicidal behaviours.

Methods

Determinants of ER psychiatric consultations were studied prospectively from 2008 to 2011 at the “Maggiore” Hospital in Novara. Comparison of qualitative data was performed by means of the x2 test, or the Fisher’s Exact test in case of expected frequencies less than 5. All tests were two-sided and a P value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results

In a sample of 1888 psychiatric consultations, 281 (14.9%) were due to self-inflicted injuries. The preliminary analysis of socio-demographical features showed that self-harm behaviours are significantly more frequent among employed vs unemployed or disabled subjects (20.1% vs 13.2%; p=0.0005) and among those living in their immediate or own family vs those living alone or in therapeutic facilities (17.0% vs 13.0% vs 8.4%; p=0.012).

Conclusions

In contrast to current literature, our study shows that individuals living in more favourable conditions are at greater risk of attempting suicide. These results might be associated to the current Italian economic scenery, and to emerging difficulties as far as keeping an income to adequately maintain a family are concerned.
1689 – Ginkgo Biloba Extract Egb 761 In Mild Cognitive Impairment With Neuropsychiatric Symptoms: a Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial
Authors: Preuss U.W. , Bachinskaya N. , Kaschel R. , Wong J.W. , Hoerr R. , Gavrilova S.I.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® improved neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in patients with dementia in a series of trials.

Objectives/aims

To explore the effects of EGb 761® on NPS in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods

A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, 24-week, multi-center trial was conducted, including 160 patients with MCI who scored at least 6 on the 12-item Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Effects on NPS were assessed using the NPI, the state sub-score of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-X1) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Further outcome measures were the Trail-Making Test (TMT, Forms A and B) and global ratings of change. Descriptive statistical analyses followed the intention-to-treat principle.

Results

The NPI composite score decreased by 7.0 ± 4.5 (mean, standard deviation) points in the EGb 761®-treated group and by 5.5 ± 5.2 points in the placebo group (p = 0.001). Improvement by at least 4 points was found in 78.8% of patients treated with EGb 761® and in 55.7% of those receiving placebo (p = 0.002). Significant superiority of EGb 761® over placebo was also found for the STAI-X1 score, the informants' global impression of change and both TMT scores. There were statistical trends favoring EGb 761® in the GDS and the patients' global impression of change. Adverse events were reported by 37 patients taking EGb 761® and 36 patients receiving placebo; there were no serious adverse events.

Conclusion

EGb 761® improved NPS and cognitive performance in patients with MCI. The drug was safe and well tolerated.
1691 – Group Psychotherapy With People With Chronic Pain
Authors: Scherer E.A. , Scherer Z.A.P.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Chronic pain more than a symptom expresses a complex situation in pathophysiological and therapeutic terms. It can become the center of one’s life and be a reflection of suffering experienced in other areas of life. Support through group psychotherapy can enhance a better experience with pain and encourage healthy behaviors in this clientele.

Objective

To characterize the groups with chronic pain patients regarding the subjects discussed and the impact of pain on their lives.

Aims

Understand the life circumstances of people who suffer from chronic pain.

Method

This is a qualitative participant observation study. 48 group meetings conducted with 12 patients with chronic pain were analyzed. The groups were weekly, lasting an hour, and were coordinated in co-therapy by a psychiatrist and a psychologist.

Results

Themes discussed: health problems; vulnerability to diseases; limitations and perspectives of people with chronic pain; preparation for submission to procedures (surgeries, exams, analgesic blocks); relationship problems with family and friends; unconscious conflicts that feed physical problems; difficulties in interacting with professionals and treatments; economic problems; and sexuality. When patients were able to provide support to colleagues, they felt valued; when they received such support, they felt understood and protected.

Conclusion

It was possible to observe a personal development of participants who stopped complaining or blaming others for their relationship problems and their consequent suffering, going to take responsibility and find solutions more adaptive than the recurrent pain behavior.
1694 – Treatment Of Psychotic Episode In Epilepsy - Olanzapine Vs Risperidone
Authors: Ravanic D. , Djukic Dejanovic S. , Ristic Ignjatovic D. , Ilic M. , Borovcanin M. , Babic S. , Jovanovic M.
Published: July 2013

Purpose

It is known that antipsychotic lower seizure threshold, cause EEG abnormalities and put the patients in the risk for additional seizures. Due to changes in organic substrate, psychosis is very common comorbidity in epilepsy. There is no consensus about treatment options. The purpose of this research was to compare effects of risperidone and olanzapine in treatment of psychotic episode in verified Grand-mall epilepsy. Treatment with bout antipsychotic was parallel.

Methods

Psychotic episode in 100 adults (67 males) with epilepsy, Grand-mall type, were measured with BPRS scale. History of diagnosis of epilepsy, Grand-mall type was verified clinically and by EEG. Subject were treated either with olanzapine (n=53) 14.7±2.4 mg per day or with risperidone (n=47) 8.6±3.8 mg per day, orally.

Results

The total BPRS scores in olanzapine group at baseline, in 1st, 2nd and 3rd week were 139.6±34.2, 91.3±21.4, 81.5±19.8, and 72.3±11.1, respectively (p< 0.05). The total BPRS scores in risperidone group at baseline, in 1st, 2nd and 3rd week were 137.1±32.4, 101.6±30.9, 98.4±26.6, and 90.3±19.1, respectively (p< 0.05).

Conclusions

Results of our research showed that risperidone is more effective and comfortable drug than olanzapine in the treatment of psychotic episodes in epilepsy.
1697 – Characteristics Of Schizophrenia In Users And Non Users Of Cannabis
Authors: Allebeck P. , Manrique-Garcia E. , Hemminsson T. , Dalman C. , Zammit S.
Published: July 2013

Background

While there is increasing evidence on the association between cannabis use and schizophrenia, it is still unclear whether schizophrenia patients with a cannabis history have another prognosis, with regard to relapse and hospital duration, compared to those without a cannabis history.

Material and methods

A cohort study of 50000 Swedish men with data on cannabis use at ages 18–20. A total of 350 cases of schizophrenia were identified from inpatient care records and followed up from 1970 through 2010. Records of schizophrenia patients with and without a history of cannabis use were investigated with regard to types of diagnoses, duration of first admission, rate of re-admission and total duration of hospital stay.

Results

Schizophrenia patients with history of cannabis use had a higher median duration of first hospital episode (59 days vs 30 days). Patients with a history of cannabis had a higher median rate of re-admission (10 times vs 4 times). Also total number of hospital days was higher in patients with cannabis history compared to those without (547 days vs 184 days) The distribution of types of schizophrenia was difficult to assess since many received a “unspecified” diagnosis, and there was no significant difference between the groups.

Conclusions

Schizophrenia patients with history of cannabis used had significantly higher burden of inpatient care than non cannabis users. Not only does cannabis increase the risk of schizophrenia, but our findings indicate that the type of schizophrenic psychosis may be more severe than schizophrenia cases in general.
1701 – Association Of Personal Anxiety With Attitude Towards The Health And Risk Of Acute Cardiovascular Diseases Over 16-years In Female Population Aged 25–64 In Russia
Authors: Gafarov V. , Panov D. , Gromova E. , Gagulin I. , Gafarova A.
Published: July 2013

The aim

To study the effect of personal anxiety on relative risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke and its relation with awareness and attitude towards the health in female population of 25–64 years in Russia.

Material and methods

Under the third screening of the WHO “MONICA-psychosocial” program random representative sample of women aged 25–64 years (n=870) were surveyed in Novosibirsk. Levels of personal anxiety were measured at the baseline examination by means of Spilberger’s test. From 1995 to 2010 women were followed for 16 years for the incidence of MI and stroke.

Results

High level of anxiety (HLA) in studied cohort revealed in 60% of women. Women with HLA had 1.5-3-fold growth of negative self-rated health (87.5%), about 90% had health complaints, more likely had negative behavioral habits and higher levels of job and family stress compared to those with lower levels of anxiety. Risk of MI development in women with HLA over 16 years of study was higher in 4.2 times (95%CI=1.946-18.583; p=0.05), risk of stroke was higher in 3.5 times (95%CI=1.020-12.015; p< 0.05). MI and stroke incidence rates were higher in married women having HLA with low and high educational level who being in both “middle executives” and “hard manual labor” social classes.

Conclusions

There is high prevalence of HLA in female population aged of 25–64 years. Women with HLA had poor selfrated health and awareness about their health and it associated with higher risk of MI and stroke over 16 years of follow-up.
1707 – The Use Of Aripiprazole During Pregnancy: a Case Report
Authors: Derganc M. , Savs A.P.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

There are only few reports on the use of aripiprazole during pregnancy. In our case, the patient was treated with aripiprazole throughout the pregnancy and delivered a healthy baby.

Case report

A 31-year-old female was admitted to our hospital for the first time in 2005 as she returned from her postdoctoral studies abroad; prior to the hospitalization, psychotic symptoms had been present for a few months. She had auditory hallucinations and was expressing paranoid delusions. After the treatment with risperidone, the psychotic symptoms subsided. Because of extrapyramidal side effects risperidone was replaced with olanzapine. While on olanzapine she experienced cognitive side effects and was switched to 15 mg of aripiprazole. She achieved good remission and started working again. She got married and in 2009 she decided to stop her medication because she wanted to conceive. Without psychotropic treatment she became paranoid again after 7 months. She resumed with 15 mg of aripiprazole and achieved remission once again. In 2010, after discussing treatment options, she decided to conceive while still on aripiprazole. She got pregnant in June 2011 and in she delivered a healthy baby in February 2012 after a normal pregnancy. She didn’t breast feed. The 6-months followup showed that the baby was developing normally; the parents intend to have another child.

Conclusion

In the presented case the benefits of effective and well tolerated antipsychotic treatment outweighed potential risks associated with prenatal exposure. This is the second case report of the use of aripiprazole during the whole pregnancy.
1708 – Use Of Music As a Resource For Psychosocial Care In The Context Of Psychiatric Brazilian Reform
Authors: Cardoso T.M. , Araújo Lima E.M. F.
Published: July 2013

This work is part of a Master’s Degree Program held in Brazil. The research makes a genealogical study on musical practices made in the Mental and Collective Health public services in Brazil, in a specific historical period known as the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform. This occurred at a time of democratization post-military dictatorship, inspired by the ideas and experiences of European countries such as Italy, England, France and other American countries, like the United States. The objective of this work is to understand the practices on the use of music, especially in the “Music Workshop”/Atelier as a device that, in the field of psychosocial care, has several interventional functions and acts in a particular way over the subjectivities, especially in individuals in psychological suffering that benefit from mental health services. We use the historical-critical research method, inspired by Nietzsche and Foucault’s genealogy, to investigate knowledge and forces that are involved in producing a sense of music associated with mental health. Results of these studies led us to the clinical understanding of music as a therapeutic tool, in art and education practices and as a form of social reintegration. From this, we conclude that:

1)

historically, music was intended for various purposes, not just the enjoyment of aesthetics;

2)

its relationship to health is not current and

3)

it is worrying the use of music as one of the utilitarian tool used by psychological and psychiatric sciences, because it puts at risk to some extent, the dimension of music as art.
1724 – Management Of Borderline Personality Disorder: Compliance With Nice Cg 78 In The Female Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit (picu), Elizabeth Casson House, Bristol, Uk
Authors: Gintalaite-Bieliauskiene K. , Dixon R. , Bennett L.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

A modest body of research has emerged documenting the characteristics of 170 PICU populations in the UK (2006). No specific data is available about Crisis Management of patients diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) in Female PICUs.

Objective

To offer the first service evaluation project in the UK of the BPD group in PICU and to review compliance with the NICE guidelines, ‘Borderline Personality Disorder: Treatment and Management’, 2009.

Aims

To measure rates of compliance with NICE guidelines as a gold standard.

Methods

Retrospective cross sectional review of patient records.

Results

The project included data of 46 admissions (from 2007 to 2010). Ninety-seven percent of patients were White British. The median length of involvement with mental health services prior to the first admission to ECH was 12 years. Seventy percent of patients showed mixed engagement with services. All patients presented with complex needs, all were detained under the Mental Health Act. The commonest primary reason for admission was self harm or threatening behavior. Seventysix percent of patients were provided with the copy of the multi-disciplinary care plan at the time of admission. Antipsychotic polypharmacy and prescription of antidepressants was reduced during the admission. In 80% of admissions discharge planning was discussed with the patient and documented. In 54% of discharges the care coordinator was involved and at discharge 26% of patients were informal.

Conclusions

Specific target criteria in the NICE guidelines were not complied with fully. For 85% of admissions the initial purpose of admission was fully achieved.
1725 – Using Home Recruitment To Increase Representativeness Of Schizophrenia Research
Authors: Haapea M. , Isohanni M. , Jääskeläinen E. , Veijola J. , Miettunen J.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

The participation rates in epidemiologic studies have declined in recent decades. Missing data reduce sample size, statistical power, and scientific quality.

Objective

To study use of home interviews in recruiting individuals with a psychosis.

Aims

To evaluate effect of home-recruitment on non-response bias.

Methods

In the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort, field surveys on psychosis were conducted in 1999-2001 and 2008-2010. In order to increase participation in the follow-up sample, cases were offered to be interviewed at home. We studied symptoms, illness severity, functioning, cognition, antipsychotics use, and grey matter (GM) volume between home-recruited and regular participants (RP), and non-participants (NP). Effect sizes (d) were calculated to compare the differences.

Results

Altogether 18 (33%) out of the follow-up sample (n=54) were home-recruited, 27 did not participate. Home-recruited had more symptoms, lower functioning, cognition and GM volume, and they had used more antipsychotics compared to RP and NP in baseline. NP did not differ from RP. The same differences occurred when home-recruited were compared with RP in the follow-up study.

[Selected information from baseline study]

 Homerecruited participantsRegular participantsNonparticipantsANOVA   Mean (SD)Mean (SD)Mean (SD)Pd1d2PANSS, negative19 (11)12 (6)14 (10)0.0280.890.48PANSS, disorganization21 (9)15 (7)16 (9)0.0330.810.60PANSS, excitement13 (5)10 (2)12 (5)0.0250.910.38SOFAS40 (19)57 (15)54 (15)0.002-1.04-0.85CVLT, total recall39 (14)51 (13)44 (16)0.032-0.89-0.30Dose years44 (47)15 (18)12 (13)0.0020.921.00Grey matter volume593 (60)642 (64)623 (61)0.039-0.77-0.49

Conclusion

Owing to the home-recruitment we were able to collect data that may be reasonably non-biased in terms of nonresponse bias, which will yield valid estimates in our future studies on change over time in brain and cognitive ability, prevalence and severity of psychotic illnesses, outcome, medication use, and other issues of interest.
1733 – Physical And Sexual Violence As Risk Factors For Those Who Commit Acts Of Rape And Pedophilia
Authors: di Giacomo E. , Clerici M.
Published: July 2013

Background

The work purpose was to examine the role physical and sexual abuse during childhood plays as risk factors for committing acts of sexual violence or child abuse once becoming adults.

Methods

We selected - from EBM literature published in the last ten years - the most significant studies, no neglecting previous studies also useful for a better comprehension about physical and sexual abuses suffered during childhood and their commission once adults.

Results

To have been victims of physical and sexual violence during childhood predisposes to perpetrate similar behaviors. The family background seems to be the greatest risk factor for the development of such behaviors. This is demonstrated by studies of twins in which only one suffers sexual violence but both experience unfavorable outcomes like the examined. In particular, pedophiles are more exposed to sexual violence during childhood (73%) while rapist to physical and emotional abuse (68%, 70%), especially by parents (78%), but both share models of pathological attachment (anxious for pedophiles and avoiding for rapists).

Conclusions

Even if with different results, we can highlight how to be a victim of violence during childhood, especially in a family context characterized by physical or sexual violence, is one of the greatest risk factors in becoming an abuser. This evidence should be a major impetus to further researches, but mainly to act measures to safeguard the victims from the consequences of the trauma they suffered and from the development of future similar behavior.
1736 – Long-acting Injectable Risperidone And Oral Antipsychotics In Patients With Schizophrenia - a Prospective One-year Non-interventional Study (inors)
Authors: Schreiner A. , Svensson A. , Wapenaar R. , Cherubin P. , Princet P. , Serazetdinova L. , Starostina N. , Zink M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction and objectives

To explore safety, tolerability, treatment response and hospitalizations in adult patients with schizophrenia treated with long-acting injectable risperidone (RLAI) or oral antipsychotic standard of care (oAP) in routine clinical practice.

Methods

Prospective one-year open-label non-interventional study exploring flexible doses of RLAI and oAPs. Primary outcome was the number of hospitalizations from baseline to endpoint. Additional outcomes were changes in the Clinical Global Impression of Schizophrenia (CGI-SCH), patient functioning (Global Assessment of Functioning) and treatmentemergent adverse events (TEAEs).

Results

The intent-to-treat analysis included 561 patients on RLAI and 522 patients on oAPs (44% female gender, mean age (±SD) 42.2±13.1 years). Demographics and baseline characteristics were comparable, yet RLAI-treated patients had higher disease severity, lower baseline functioning and more substance abuse. The number of hospitalizations did not differ between the two groups while median duration of hospitalization was significantly shorter with RLAI (12.3 vs 20.6 days). Positive, negative, cognitive symptoms, disease severity, patient functioning and medication satisfaction improved significantly better with RLAI than oAPs. The most frequently reported TEAEs (=2% in any group) for RLAI and oral APs were increase of body weight (5.0%; 5.6%), psychotic disorder (2.7%; 4.0%), schizophrenia (2.5%; 3.1%), anxiety (2.3%; 2.7%), insomnia (0.9%; 3.1%) and somnolence (0.4%; 2.5%), respectively.

Conclusion

This one-year non-interventional study supports results of recent randomized controlled trials that treatment with RLAI is associated with less days spent in hospital, better symptomatic and functional outcomes and higher patient satisfaction with medication compared to oral APs.
1737 – Incidence And Pattern Of Admission Of Delirium In Psychiatric Patients In Denmark
Authors: Lundberg A.S. , Okkels N. , Tidselbak Larsen J. , Uhrskov Sørensen L. , Munk-Jørgensen P.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Delirium is a common complex syndrome with serious outcomes such as increased mortality, physical morbidity and length of hospitalization. There are similarities with symptoms of mental illnesses, which may lead to under-diagnosis of delirium in psychiatric patients. Thus in spite of the severity of delirium, it frequently goes unrecognised and hence is inadequately managed.

The literature about the incidence of delirium in psychiatric patients is sparse.

Objectives

A description of the pattern of admission will help understand the clinical features of delirium.

Aims

To estimate the diagnostic incidence and describe the pattern of admission (inpatient, outpatient and emergency) of delirium in Danish psychiatric patients from 1994–2011.

Method

Using a nationwide population-based mental health register to examine diagnoses of delirium from 1994–2011, where ICD-10 diagnostic criteria have been used. The delirium diagnoses include delirium unspecified, delirium superimposed on dementia and delirium due to alcohol or drug use or in a withdrawal state. The incidence rates were age-standardized and the statistical analyses performed with STATA.

Results

Males dominate in all three groups of delirium diagnoses. The incidence rates of delirium unspecified in hospitalized patients have increased markedly, graph 1. The incidence rates of delirium in hospitalized dementia do not show the same increase.

Fig. 1

[graph 1]

Conclusion

The incidence rates of delirium unspecified in hospitalized psychiatric patients have increased.