bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the “Model of Place”: A Comparative Study of Placemaking and Sustainability
Authors: Ghavampour Ensiyeh , Vale Brenda
Published: July 2019

The literature on sustainability policies and placemaking strategies reveals the inadequacy of both concepts to address current urban issues suggesting the need for new approaches. Sustainability researchers and policy makers are seeking an integrated approach to sustainability within which placemaking is a powerful tool in achieving sustainability goals. However, despite this rising awareness of place and its value, there is growing concern that the value of place and its urban meaning is declining. Placemaking appears to have changed from being an authentic everyday practice to a professional responsibility, and the understanding of the intangible character of place is mainly lost in the modern making of places. The emphasis of designers on physical design attributes assumes a fragile model of causality, underestimating the other necessary components for placemaking—behaviour and meaning. Comparing models of sustainability and place, this article suggests that there is need for a shift from the current model of placemaking towards a strong model of progress and balance in creating quality places. The article also describes the implications of the new model for design practice and how it could be used with the goal of achieving both placemaking and sustainability visions.
Women’s Safety and Public Spaces: Lessons from the Sabarmati Riverfront, India
Authors: Mahadevia Darshini , Lathia Saumya
Published: July 2019

The Sustainable Development Goals 5 and 11, as well as the New Urban Agenda, emphasize gender equity and safe, resilient, and inclusive cities. The ‘safe cities’ idea for women includes their equal right to the city and public places within it, which includes their right to be mobile in the city at any time of the day, as well as their right to loiter in public spaces without any threats of harassment or sexual violence. These issues have gained importance in urban planning and design in contemporary India. This article is an assessment of how safe Ahmedabad city’s largest public space, the Sabarmati Riverfront, is for women. Ahmedabad, a city in western India, has long carried an image of a safe city for women. The Sabarmati Riverfront is over 22 km in length, 11 km on both sides of the river. This assessment is made through mapping of space use disaggregated by sex and age at four different time points throughout the day and of 100 women’s accounts of the experience of harassment on using the space. The article concludes with specific recommendations on proposed activities and space design along the riverfront to make these spaces safe for women throughout the day.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE FILMES ORODISPERSÍVEIS BIOPOLIMÉRICOS À BASE DE AMIDO, GOMA XANTANA E GELATINA
Authors: Pereira Jéssica Fernanda , Marim Beatriz Marjorie , Mali Suzana
Published: July 2019

Recentemente tem aumentado o interesse no desenvolvimento de novos produtos obtidos a partir de matérias-primas de fonte renovável em todos os setores industriais, incluindo a indústria farmacêutica. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo produzir filmes orodispersíveis (ODFs) à base de amido de mandioca, gelatina e goma xantana, pelo processo de casting, assim como caracterizá-los quanto à sua microestrutura, solubilidade, grau de intumescimento, permeabilidade ao vapor de água e propriedades mecânicas. Foi empregado delineamento experimental de misturas ternárias para se avaliar o efeito dos três biopolímeros sobre as propriedades dos filmes produzidos. Os filmes à base de gelatina pura e a mistura binária entre amido e gelatina se mostraram às alternativas mais promissoras para serem usadas como matrizes poliméricas para a liberação de princípios ativos na cavidade bucal, uma vez que estes apresentaram os melhores resultados de solubilidade e as melhores propriedades mecânicas.
Relação foto-poesia em fotolivros de literatura: uma análise do Quarenta clics em Curitiba / Photo-Poetry Relation in Photobooks of Literature: An Analysis of the Quarenta Clics em Curitiba
Authors: Fernandes Ana Luiza , Queiroz João
Published: July 2019

Resumo: Como descrever as relações entre foto e poesia em casos de intermidialidade observados em fotolivros de literatura? No fotolivro de literatura, o signo verbal parece estar vinculado à imagem fotográfica em uma interação bidirecional, criando um sistema acoplado que pode ser visto como um novo sistema. Influências mutuamente modulatórias e contínuas vinculam texto e fotografia. Mas é preciso definir a natureza de tais influências. De que tipo de interação estamos tratando? Neste artigo, propomos um modelo para descrever a relação “foto-poesia” derivado da teoria do signo de C. S. Peirce e apresentamos alguns resultados preliminares de análise do Quarenta Clicsem Curitiba ([1976] 1990), um fotolivro de Paulo Leminski e Jack Pires. Em termos sumários, caracterizamos a relação foto-poesia no fotolivro de Leminski e Pires no interior da teoria de Peirce. A relação é decomposta entre os papéis funcionais ocupados pelo signo (poema) e pelo objeto (fotografia). A irredutibilidade triádica que caracteriza a semiose, segundo Peirce, é a principal propriedade aplicada à relação foto-poesia no fotolivro Quarenta Clics em Curitiba.Palavras-chave: fotolivro de literatura; Quarenta Clics em Curitiba; intermidialidade; C. S. Peirce.Abstract: How to describe “photo-poetry” relationship in cases of intermedialityobserved in photobooks of literature? In photobooks of literature, the verbal signseems to be linked to the photographic image in a bidirectional interaction, creating a coupled system that can be seen as a new system. Mutually modulatory and continuous influences link verbal text and photography. But the nature of such influences should be defined. What kind of interaction are we dealing with? In this article, we propose a model to describe the relationship “photo-poetry” derived from C. S. Peirce’s theory of the sign and we present some preliminary results of analysis of the Quarenta Clics em Curitiba ([1976] 1990), by Paulo Leminski and Jack Pires. Our main focus is not the work itself, but the methodology used to describe the relationship between the coupledsystems. Summarizing, we characterize photo-poetry relationship in the book of Leminski and Pires within Peirce’s theory. This relation is decomposed between the functional roles occupied by sign (poem) and object (photograph). The triadic irreducibility that characterizes semiosis, according to Peirce, is the main property applied to the relation photo-poetry in the photobook Quarenta Clics em Curitiba.Keywords: photobooks of literature; Quarenta Clics em Curitiba; intermediality; C. S. Peirce.
Remarks on the Arabic complementizer 'inna / Observações sobre o complementizador 'inna em árabe
Authors: Alotaibi Mansour
Published: July 2019

Abstract: A Standard Arabic (SA) complementizer known as 'inna poses a restriction on word order in the clause it introduces and induces accusative Case-marking on the otherwise nominative preverbal NPs. Following Chomsky’s (2001) account of the morphosyntax of Case, this paper argues that 'inna is a Case assigner and thus it carries an uninterpretable Case feature that determines the value which it assigns to an unvalued Case feature concerning accessible goal within A-bar projection. The paper shows that this argument captures the restriction imposed on 'inna-clauses.Keywords: Arabic; complementizer; Case marking; word order; minimalism.Resumo: Um complementizador no árabe padrão, conhecido como 'inna, impõe uma restrição na ordem das palavras da oração por ele introduzida e induz marcação de Caso acusativo nos SNs preverbais que em outras circunstâncias têm marcação de Caso nominativo. Seguindo o modelo de Chomsky (2001) para a morfossintaxe de Caso, este artigo argumenta que 'inna é um designador de Caso e que ele carrega um traço de Caso não interpretável que determina o valor que o mesmo designa para um traço de Caso até então não marcado de uma meta acessível na projeção de A-barra. O artigo mostra que esse argumento captura as cláusulas 'inna impostas pela restrição.Palavras-chave: Árabe; complementizador; marcação de Caso; ordem de palavras; minimalismo.
O estudo do futuro perifrástico e do futuro sintético com verbos hipotéticos no português brasileiro / The study of the periphrastic future and the synthetic future tenses with hypothetical verbs in Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Gravina Aline Peixoto , Brizola Eduardo Henrique
Published: July 2019

Resumo: O uso do futuro perifrástico tem se mostrado como a construção preferencial dos falantes do português brasileiro e apontado como um fenômeno de mudança linguística na língua. Diante disso, esta pesquisa buscou inovar e aprofundar possíveis análises dessa mudança, ao se propor averiguar, a partir de um ponto de vista formal da gramaticalização, a escolha do tempo verbal futuro (simples ou perifrástico) de informantes nativos do português brasileiro diante de verbos hipotéticos. Para cumprir esse objetivo, a metodologia consistiu em aplicar um questionário online com quinze verbos hipotéticos nos tempos futuro simples e futuro perifrástico a informantes brasileiros, maiores de dezoito anos e que tivessem concluído o ensino médio. Os resultados encontrados constataram a presença de uma variação no uso dessas construções, justificada, na ótica deste estudo, pela influência da gramática periférica do falante (nos termos de KATO, 2005). Ainda assim, os indícios de mudança podem ser averiguados na pesquisa, na medida em que mesmo com verbos hipotéticos, a construção do futuro pelo uso da perífrase apresentou um percentual maior de preferência em todos os contextos analisados.Palavras-chave: futuro perifrástico; gramática nuclear; gramática periférica; mudança linguística.Abstract: The use of the periphrastic future tense has been shown as a variant in the trajectory of change of Brazilian Portuguese. Several studies have been demonstrating the speaker’s preference for the use of verbal periphrasis in the future tense - eg: vou / irei estudar - in the place of use of the simple future tense – eg.: estudarei. In this sense, this research sought to innovate and deepen an analysis of that change, by proposing to find out, from a formal viewpoint on grammaticalizion, the choice of verbal tense (simple or periphrastic future) of native informants of the brazilian portuguese with hypothetical verbs. The methodology consisted of applying an online form to Brazilian subjects, over 18 years of age and who had completed high school. In relation to the results found, we observe that because it is a written experiment, peripheral grammar (schooling) was present in a quantitative way in our results. However, signs of change in the language can be examined and analyzed, that is, even with hypothetical verbs the future construction in the language is in the way of the implementation of verbal periphrasis. At the same time, it was possible to observe, by studying the contexts, that the synthetic future tense is still present, especially due to the influence of schooling.Keywords: periphrastic future; nuclear grammar; peripheral grammar; linguistic change.
Análise de verbalizações de fórmulas matemáticas por professores com experiência no ensino de pessoas com deficiência visual / Analysis of mathematical formulas verbalizations by teachers with experience in teaching visually impaired people
Authors: Lima Mirella Alves de , Rodrigues Daniela , Almeida Patricia Vasconcelos , Cardoso Paula Christina Figueira , Freire André Pimenta
Published: July 2019

Resumo: Um dos problemas enfrentados pelos usuários da web com deficiência visual é a falta de recursos de Tecnologia Assistiva para ler corretamente o conteúdo matemático. Visando buscar possibilidades para produzir tais recursos, o trabalho investigativo que originou este artigo se ocupou de compilar um corpus produzido pelos professores ao lerem as fórmulas matemáticas para os alunos com deficiência visual. Transcrições dos áudios foram feitas no intuito de obter padrões de leitura e levantar questões que podem vir a afetar a restauração da estrutura da fórmula matemática. Com base na leitura dos professores, foram examinados determinados elementos presentes nas falas e identificados posicionamentos distintos na manifestação oral dos símbolos, pausas e alterações no tom de voz, bem como das partículas conectivas (preposições, artigos, conjunções) e verbos. Por meio do corpus sistematizado das fórmulas matemáticas é possível refletir sobre a variação, padronização, divergência e significado, itens os quais podem auxiliar na demarcação de fenômenos linguísticos encontrados nas transcrições das gravações e com isso oportunizar uma base para futuras pesquisas na área.Palavras-chave: fórmulas matemáticas; corpus; análise linguística; acessibilidade; deficiência visual.Abstract: One of the problems faced by visual impairment web users is the lack of assistive technologies to read mathematical content correctly. Aiming to find possibilities to produce such resources, the research work that originated this article was devoted to compiling a corpus produced by teachers when reading the mathematical formulas for students with visual impairment. Transcripts of the audios were done in order to obtain reading standards and raise questions that may affect the restoration of the structure of the mathematical formula. Based on the teachers’ reading certain elements present in the speech were examined and distinct positions were identified in the oral manifestation of the symbols, pauses and alterations in the tone of voice, as well as in the connective particles (prepositions, articles, conjunctions) and verbs. By means of a systematized mathematical formulas corpus, it is possible to reflect on the variation, standardization, divergence and meaning, which can help in the demarcation of linguistic phenomena found in the recordings transcriptions and with this provide a basis for future research in the area.Keywords: mathematical formulas; corpus; linguistic analysis; accessibility; visual impairment.
A indistinguibilidade fenomênica em Traffic de Kenneth Goldsmith
Authors: Tavares Otávio Guimarães
Published: July 2019

A obra Traffic, do escritor estadunidense Kenneth Goldsmith, transcreve 24 horas de uma rádio de trânsito em Nova Iorque em plena véspera de um feriado prolongado. Com o aspecto de um hiper-realismo angustiante, a obra pode ser compreendida dentro de uma tradição da arte conceitual e arte pop norte-americana. Ela coloca diante dos estudos literários o problema de uma indistinguibilidade material entre obra de arte e objeto comum. A partir de um exame pormenor das reflexões do filósofo estadunidense Arthur Danto acerca de uma indistinguibilidade fenomênica, o presente artigo pretende analisar quais as implicações que tal teoria da arte pode ter para a compreensão de Traffic e quais as consequências de compreendê-la como uma obra de arte literária.
Releituras do gótico inglês setecentista no romance O conto da Aia
Authors: Carneiro Fabianna Simão Bellizzi
Published: July 2019

Este trabalho se justifica pelo fato de que a vertente gótica, relegada (injustamente) durante muito tempo a um tipo de escrita menor, pode trazer muitos questionamentos a respeito de nossas sociedades e nossas interações. Objetiva-se uma leitura da obra O conto da aia (1985), da escritora canadense Margaret Atwood, de forma a identificarmos manifestações de elementos próprios da escrita gótica produzida durante o século XVIII, como medo, horror físico e horror psicológico. Considerando um hiato de quase três séculos, comprovar-se-á, ao longo deste artigo, a hipótese de haver manifestações de elementos próprios da escrita gótica tradicional, porém relidas em narrativas contemporâneas.
Tolak Bala: A Relation Between Islam and Tradition
Authors: Apjan Syarifah Sajila
Published: July 2019

Islam and tradition are two different sides, they are debated when they are related. The topic has some similarities to the reality of some of today's society in addressing the differences of disputes and debates. This article is a research that aims to provide views and knowledge to public by researching the relations of Islam and traditions in the coastal areas of Dabong community, Kubu Subdistrict, District of Kubu Raya, West Kalimantan. Terminology of Islam and traditions which is not interconnected, can realize relationships and local wisdom. The research method used is qualitative research with the technique of data collection through interview. The subject of this research is the coastal community of Dabong, Kubu District, Regency of Kubu Raya, West Kalimantan. The results show that (1) The public understand that not all traditions are wrong even have Islamic values, and (2) Open the public's view that the difference is not an arena of debate, but a material to strengthen togetherness. The relationship between Islam and tradition can also open the public's view of peace, harmony, prosperity, so that can be concluded as a connecter of the nation.
CADEIA GLOBAL DE VALOR: UM ESTUDO DA INSERÇÃO VIA COMÉRCIO INTERNACIONAL, DOS MUNICÍPIOS DOS COREDES MISSÕES, NOROESTE COLONIAL, FRONTEIRA NOROESTE E CELEIRO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL.
Authors: Both Bernardo , Thesing Nelson José , Trennepohl Dilson
Published: July 2019

O estudo realiza uma análise da inserção, na cadeia global de valor, de quatro regiões representadas pelos Conselhos Regionais de Desenvolvimento do Rio Grande do Sul (Região de Planejamento Funcional 7), através da análise da evolução do comércio internacional, tanto de exportação, quanto de importação. O estudo utilizou de técnicas quantitativas, numa análise descritiva, com a principal forma de coleta e análise de dados sendo documental, a partir de dados secundários disponibilizados nos meios oficiais de estatísticas de empregos e comércio internacional. A análise demonstrou que as regiões analisadas, no período estudado, tiveram um importante incremento de exportações, da ordem de 326%, ante um percentual de 338% a nível de país, e 288% do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Considerando as operações por valor agregado, percebeu-se uma preponderância de exportações de produtos primários, e uma maior importação de produtos industrializados. O incremento de comércio de produtos primários confirma um fenômeno denominado de “reprimarização” da economia brasileira, que é observado no conjunto da economia e que se confirma na região estudada. Tal fenômeno reafirma a necessidade de que as regiões efetuem uma análise crítica do que está ocorrendo, e quais são os mecanismos necessários para melhorar a competitividade internacional dos produtos manufaturados pela região, pois são estes que efetivamente geram valor agregado, gerando emprego e renda para o conjunto da população.
CAPITAL SOCIAL DO ARRANJO PRODUTIVO LOCAL DE TECNOLOGIA DA INFORMAÇÃO DO SUDOESTE DO PARANÁ
Authors: Faber Flôres Augusto , Junior Marini Marcos
Published: July 2019

Os Arranjos Produtivos Locais surgem como resposta para a crise do modelo de produção existente até os anos 1970. Nesse contexto, os APLs ganham destaque na literatura pela capacidade de dinamizar o desenvolvimento regional, surgindo na agenda governamental brasileira a partir dos anos de 1990. O objetivo geral do trabalho centrou-se em analisar o capital social do Arranjo Produtivo Local de Tecnologia da Informação do Sudoeste do Paraná. Foram selecionados para a amostra um conjunto de trinta e um entrevistados, sendo: três da governança local, dezenove empresários e nove agentes de apoio. O estudo está enquadrado como pesquisa descritiva com caráter exploratório, com análise baseada em dados qualiquantitativos. Na fase exploratória utilizou-se de pesquisa de campo, com roteiro de entrevista aplicado aos participantes, o qual possibilitou a obtenção das informações necessárias para a condução da pesquisa sobre capital social no APL. Como resultados de pesquisa, verificou-se que alguns indicadores apresentaram níveis baixos, como, por exemplo,  participação, engajamento e comprometimento, densidade e reciprocidade. Adicionalmente, obtiveram valores médios, os indicadores referentes a confiança, cooperação, nível de relacionamento e troca de informações. Como recomendação para futuros estudos sugere-se a reaplicação dos instrumentos de coleta de dados junto ao conjunto de participantes deste APL, o que contribuirá para uma análise temporal sobre as condições do capital social do APL.
The Technology of Biogas Purification by Absorption in Finely Dispersed Systems Obtained Using Ceramic Membranes
Authors: Nosyrev M.A. , Komlyashev R.B. , Il’ina S.I. , Kaygorodova O.A. , Kabanov O.V.
Published: July 2019

The technological scheme for the purification of biogas from carbon dioxide is considered. A mathematical model obtained on the basis of the principle of minimum intensity of energy dissipation is presented, and a graph of the dependence of the ratio of the speeds of the constrained and combined motion of particles on the fraction of the liquid phase is presented. An assessment of the operation of the column in the absorption of carbon dioxide from biogas is given.
Epidemiological Profile and Incidence of Hip Fractures in Greece
Authors: Vasiliadis Angelo V. , Charitoudis George , Giotis Dimitrios
Published: July 2019

Introduction: This study was designed to determine the epidemiological profile of hip fractures among Greek population with special importance to the cause of fracture, their characteristics, the treatment instituted and to assess the incidence.
 
Methods: The current study conducted in a single hospital in the northern part of Greece, in the regional unit of Grevena, during the 2016 calendar year. Patients themselves, or a relative member or a caregiver, were interviewed by a questionnaire regarding to the past medical history, time and place of the fracture occurrences.
 
Results: The 73 patients included in the study presented a mean age of 83.5 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:2.17. Falling from the same level was the cause of 97.6% of the fractures. Transtrochanteric fractures accounted for 52.1% of the fractures, femoral neck fractures, 38.4% and subtrochanteric fractures, 9.6%. More fractures are seen during the summer months (32.9%), inside the house (61.6%) and during the morning (49.3%). The overall annual incidence rate was 672.2 per 100,000 inhabitants (442.6 and 882.9 per 100,000 male and female, respectively). Length of waiting time to surgery was 1.87 days and length of hospital stay was 8.46 days, without statistical significance according to the type of surgery, the age group and the associated comorbidities. Hypertension (87.7%) was the most common comorbidity, followed by heart disease (50.7%) and depression (31.5%).
 
Conclusion: The patients attended at this hospital presented an epidemiological profile similar to the worldwide literature. Hip fracture rates in the region of Grevena are higher than other regions in Greece, such as Athens and Crete.
Association between Rehabilitation Needs and Quality of Life of the Elderly Patients with Visual Impairment
Authors: Mohammadi Fatemeh , Tavasoli Tazkere Zohreh , Merat Hamid , Amirzadeh Iranagh Jamileh , Motalebi Seyedeh Ameneh
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Given to the high prevalence of  impaired vision in aging population and importance of their quality of life, this study was aimed to evaluate the association between quality of life and vision rehabilitation needs in elderly patients with low vision referring to Bu Ali Sina Hospital, Qazvin, Iran.
 
Methods: A total of 94 elderly patients with visual acuity less than 6/18 participated in this cross-sectional study. Visual functioning questionnaire -25 and vision rehabilitation needs questionnaire were used to assess the quality of life and rehabilitation needs, respectively. Data were analyzed using Pearson and Spearman correlations, Independent t, and ANOVA tests.
 
Results: The prevalence of rehabilitation needs ranged from 29.8% (telling time with a watch or clock) to 76.4% (reading). The results also showed significant associations between the quality of life, age, marital status, and total rehabilitation needs (p < 0.05).
 
Conclusion: These results highlight that addressing the rehabilitation needs of elderly patients with a visual impairment may be an effective means to improve their quality of life.
Meaning of Life and Psychological Well-Being during Adult, Older Adult and Oldest Old
Authors: Pourebrahim Taghi , Rasouli Roya
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Adulthood is associated with many challenges which requires adaptability. Differences between adults and the older adults are important to adapt with these challenges and facilitators of adaptation. The present study aimed to determine the difference between the meaning of life and psychological well-being through different age groups of adults, older adults and oldest olds.
 
Methods: The present study is a causal-comparative study. Samples were 60 adults, 60 older adult and 60 oldest old men and women selected in Tehran through cluster sampling method and responded to Meaning of Life Questionnaire  and Well-being Psychological Scale. The data were analyzed by multivariate variance analysis.
 
Results: In psychological well-being, the mean scores of the adults group were higher than the other two group and the higher age means resulted in decreasing in psychological well-being. No significant difference was observed in the component of purpose in life and variable of meaning of life among the male age groups. The mean scores of the adult women groups were higher than the two other groups based on psychological well-being and meaning of life. Among the women, higher age led to a decrease in the average psychological well-being. Based on the findings, higher age leads to a decrease in psychological well-being and the meaning of life.
 
Conclusion: The findings indicated that psychological well-being varies among male and female age-groups. Therefore, further studies are needed to identify the resources which can help to adjust to going to ages and should be considered in mental health services to prevent the decline of psychological well-being and  meaning of life. In addition, the promotion of psychological well-being and the meaning of life should be considered in parallel with the life time.
The relationship of sociocultural beliefs and infertile couples’ attitude toward reproductive donation: A descriptive-correlational study
Authors: Latifnejad Roudsari Robab , Jafari Hamideh , Taghipour Ali
Published: July 2019

Background: There are controversial views on accepting a reproductive donation in the world. Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between the sociocultural beliefs and infertile couples’ attitude toward reproductive donation in Mashhad, Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted out on 115 infertile couples visiting Milad Infertility Center in Mashhad, Iran with using convenience sampling. The research instruments were valid and reliable sociocultural beliefs and attitude questionnaires, which were completed by the respondents on a self-report basis. Results: The mean score of attitude toward reproductive donation in infertile women and men was 58.3 ± 12.6 and 57.8 ± 12.0, and the mean score of sociocultural beliefs in infertile women and men was 67.7 ± 11.5 and 67.6 ± 12.4, respectively. There was a direct correlation between sociocultural beliefs and attitude toward reproductive donation in infertile women (p < 0.001) and men (p < 0.001), that is, women and men with a higher score of sociocultural beliefs had a higher score of attitude as well. A direct correlation was also seen between sociocultural beliefs and infertile women and men’s public attitude, their attitude towards genetic bound between parents and children, their attitude regarding the issue of confidentiality of the donation process, as well as attitude in relation to oocyte donation, embryo donation, and surrogacy (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The findings suggest that sociocultural beliefs that surround reproductive donation could influence infertile couple’s attitude toward accepting these therapeutic alternatives in infertile couples. It is therefore recommended to take steps to incorporate sociocultural beliefs into the routine care of infertile couples with the help of social media to give them ability for making more pragmatic decision in relation to their chosen options.
Intellectual structure of knowledge in Andrology field (2008 to 2017): A Co-word analysis
Authors: Makkizadeh Fatemeh , Bigdeloo Esmaeil
Published: July 2019

Background: The Co-word analysis has the ability to identify the intellectual structure of knowledge in a research domain and reveal its subsurface research aspects.
Objective: This study examines the intellectual structure of knowledge in the field of Andrology during the period 2008-2017 using Co-word analysis.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study with a scientometric approach, the WoS database was searched for papers indexed under “Andrology” over the period 2008–2017. The data were analyzed using Co-word, clustering methods, and strategic diagram with the help of SPSS, UcInet, RavarPreMap and VOSviewer software.
Results: The highest publication rate in the area of Andrology was seen in countries like the USA, China, Italy, and Iran. The top three journals that published papers on the field were Fertility and Sterility, Andrologia, Human reproduction. The results showed that the keyword “Spermatozoa” and two pairs of frequently used keywords, namely “Azoospermia * Oligospermia” were the most frequent in the field of Andrology. The results of hierarchical clustering led to 13 clusters. The clusters “Reproductive Techniques” and “Spermatogenesis” are the core clusters and play an effective role. The ”Post-Testicular causes” and “Neoplasm” clusters are in marginal.
Conclusion: This study represented that Co-word analysis can well illustrate the intellectual structure of an area. Considering the frequency of keywords along with the clusters obtained, it seems that the majority of research approach was seen on infertility treatments, especially through assisted reproductive technology. Despite the importance of psychological aspects as well as education of reproductive health, these subjects have not been sufficiently considered.
Prioritizing the Factors Affecting Evidence-based Medicine in Physicians Affiliated to Iranian Health Insurance
Authors: Mohamadhoseinzadeh Hashemi Farnaz , Jafari Mehrnoosh , Hosseini Seyed Mojtaba
Published: July 2019

Introduction: The utilization of the medical research results is one of the most important indicators in the development of this profession, which provides effective care to patients and improves the quality of care. However, performing based on the evidence-based results has been unsuccessful in some cases. This study aimed to investigated and prioritize the factors affecting evidence-based medicine among physicians affiliated to Iranian Health insurance.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 physicians affiliated to Iranian Health insurance in Tehran city in 2018. The simple random sampling method was used to collect the data. The data collection tool was a questionnaire containing of three parts: demographic questionnaire, Fonk (1995) evidence-based medical barriers questionnaire that included four domains and 25 questions, as well as a researcher-made questionnaire that prioritized the factors influencing evidence-based medicine implementation. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 and Expert Choice software using hierarchical analysis method.
Results: Most physicians were male (53.3%) and worked as an official employee. Among four dimensions, the highest mean and standard deviation was related to organizational impact, while the lowest was related to the quality of research and possible outcomes. Regarding the factors of organizational impacts, the highest weight or priority was attributed to the feeling of insufficient independence to change care methods with a weight of 0.259. Among the factors related to the research quality, the highest weight and priority was related to the factor of methodological defects in the research with a weight of 0.192. Considering the factors related to the skills of conducting research, the highest priority and weight was attributed to the lack of documentary evidence for the performance change with a weight of 0.320. Moreover, regarding the factors related to communication and access to the findings of the research, the highest weight and priority was in the factor of unavailability of actual articles (0.475).
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that physicians considered problems and barriers related to organization, individual, and quality of research studies. Therefore, facilities should be created for using research findings as well as the conditions for updating physicians' knowledge, skills, and attitudes to use the research results.
Identifying executive challenges of performance-based payment from medical and educational hospitals managers’ perspective and offering solutions in Isfahan (2018)
Authors: Jabbari Alireza , Shaarbafchi Zadeh Nasrin , Maddahian Behrooz
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Performance-based payment is a payment model that attempts to reward the measured dimensions of performance and encourages health service providers to achieve predetermined goals by financial incentives. This study aimed to identify executive challenges of performance-based payment from medical and educational hospitals managers’ perspective and offering solutions in Isfahan 2018.
Methods: This study was a qualitative study. Semi structured interviews were used to collect data. The research population was 11 people (the managers of educational and medical hospitals in Isfahan) who were selected purposefully. All interviews were recorded and then written on a paper. The duration of the interviews varied between 45 to 60 minutes. The data were analyzed using MAXQDA120 software and based on thematic analysis.
Results: In this study, , regarding executive challenges, seven themes and fifteen sub-themes were obtained, including the weakness of the performance-based payment project, weakness in education and educational support, low employee participation, weakness of information and communication technology, weakness of laws and regulations, unfavorable economic conditions of the public sector, and special conditions governing public hospitals.
 
Conclusion: performance-based payment, if implemented correctly, can lead to the improvement of quantitative and qualitative indicators related to employees’ performance. Correct implementation requires identifying challenges and obstacles and then corrective actions. This study was able to identify and present some of the operational challenges of the performance-based payment from the viewpoint of hospital managers.
Identification of the Main Elements of Single Payer System; A Comparative Study
Authors: Aboutorabi Ali , Ghasempour Saman , Najafi Behzad , Panahi Sirous
Published: July 2019

Background: Progress towards universal coverage requires adequate capital in health sector. Investing and optimal allocation of resources in this sector will contribute to the development and reduction of poverty in countries in order to achieve the goals of health system. Therefore, the more people contribute to risk sharing, we have lower financial risks in facing the issue. The single payer system as a public health coverage model seeks to expand the insurance coverage scope at community level. The present study aimed to identify the main elements of S-PS to conduct a comparative study.
Methods: A comparative study was conducted to describe the fundamental of financing and the provision of services in selected countries - Germany, Thailand, Turkey, and Colombia, as well as to achieve the main elements of S-PS. In addition, the health system of Iran has been studied. The basis for selection of countries was health system Garden typology. The main criteria for selection or rejection of studies were the separation of health services provider from financial functions; has allowed a single department to purchasing process.
Results: single payer system in two functions of health system, namely, financing and providing health care; consolidation resources (reducing fragmentation by creating a single pooled fund and achieve massive purchase of health care through the insurance agent as single purchaser) and ensuring community health (delivery of services by the network of providers represented by Health Promotion Organization) represents 12 main organizational elements.
Conclusion: the multiple insurers and payers of health care in Iran are both inequity and ineffective. And its integration is not a simple task. Iranian financing policies should aimed to achieving universal health coverage by creating greater risk pooling and becoming aware of the important tasks of insurance system; take advantage of the strength in numbers, setting the principles of cross-subsidy and preventing adverse reaction. It is important not to put together a long-term, coherent plan to reach the S-PS.
Positive and Negative Effects of the Commensal Bacteria on Carcinogenesis
Authors: Jasim Lafta Inam , Abdulbari Madlood Alkaabawi Naer
Published: July 2019

Background: Cancer is a lethal disease that results from a multifactorial process. Progression into carcinogenesis and an abnormal cell proliferation can occur due to the micro and macro environment as well as genetic mutations and modifications. In this review, cancer and the microbiota – mainly bacteria that inhabit the tumour tissue – have been discussed. The positive and negative impacts of the commensal bacteria on tumours being protective or carcinogenic agents, respectively, and their strategies have also been described.
Methods: Related published articles written in English language were searched from Google Scholar, PubMed, Mendeley suggestions, as well as Google search using a combination of the keywords ‘Microbiota, commensal bacteria, cancer, tumor’. Relevant literature published between the years 1979 and 2018 were included in this review.
Results: The complicated nature of cancer as well as the role that might be played by the commensal bacteria in affected tissues have been the focus of the recent studies. The symbiotic relationships between the microbiota and the host have been shown to confer benefits to the last. By contrast, the microbiota has been suggested to upgrade cancer by modifying the balance of host cell proliferation and death, by provoking chronic inflammation, and by eliciting uncontrolled innate and adaptive immunity. In this context, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria have been isolated from various tumor samples.
Conclusions: It can be concluded that commensal microbiota plays an important role in the prevention of diseases including cancer. Inversely, microbiota alterations (dysbiosis) have been found to interrupt that symbiotic correlation between the host and the inhabitant microbiota probably leading to cancer.
Recommendations: The correlation between the commensal microbiome, antibiotics uptake and cancer occurrence need to be investigated exclusively. Moreover, increased attention must be paid to evaluating the effects of these microorganisms on the currently used anticancer agents, and the role that might be played by commensal bacteria on tumor progression or tumor regression.
Non-adherence to Antihypertensive Medication and Its Associated Factors Among Cardiac Patients at Alshaab Referred Clinic, November 2017
Authors: Abd Alraheem Osman Fatima , Hassan Mohamed Huda , Ahmed Alhaj Nazik
Published: July 2019

Background: Non-adherence to antihypertensive drugs is identified to have negative impact on cardiovascular outcome. Various studies have been conducted on this issue worldwide but data about medications adherence and its associated factors in Sudan are limited.
Objectives: The objectives of this study are to identify the prevalence and factors associated with non-adherence to antihypertensive medications among cardiac patients in Sudan.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 202 patients by total coverage of all diagnosed hypertensive patients with cardiac disease who attended the referred clinic at Alshaab teaching hospital during the study period from November 5th to December 7th, 2017. Data were collected by direct interview of the patients using structured questionnaire, clinical characteristics of the patients were obtained from the medical records, WISEWOMAN medications adherence questionnaire for hypertension was used to assess the level of medication adherence. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression was used for data analysis, using SPSS version 20.
Results: Out of 202 participants, 140 (69.3%) were female, the mean age of the participants was 60.74 ± 13.6. The study revealed that 41.6% of the patients were nonadherent to their antihypertensive medications, the level of non-adherence was found to be significantly associated with young age (p-value < 0.012), high level of education (p-value < 0.05), and using more than one pharmacy to get the medications (p-value < 0.00); after logistic regression analysis, non-adherence was found to be significantly associated with using more than one pharmacy to get the medications (p-value < 0.00). The level of non-adherence in our study is found to be corresponding to the findings of other similar local, regional, and international studies, which have reported that non-adherence of medication ranged between 39.5% and 55.9%. Other factors in different studies were found to be significantly associated with non-adherence such as gender, duration of hypertension, duration between follow-up visits to physician and number of drugs.
The prediction model for cardiovascular disease using Yazd's health study data (YaHS)
Authors: Tabatabaei Nodoushan1 Seyed MohammadReza , Saadatjoo Fatemeh , Mirzaei Masoud
Published: July 2019

Introdution: Ischemic heart disease is one of the most common diseases, which has led to high mortality rates all over the world. This disease is caused by narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries, which are the provider of blood to the heart. Identifying the people susceptible to this disease and bringing changes in their lifestyles has been said to reduce the related mortality rates and increase the patient's longevity.
Methods: Yazd people Health Study (YaHS) was conducted on a random sample of 10,000 people living in the city of Yazd, Iran in the years 2014-15 for a general health and disease survey. These data were first balanced by bootstrapping technique due to their unbalanced nature. Next, classification methods were used in the training phase. Various classifiers, such as artificial neural network, rule inducer, regression, and AdaBoost were used in order to evaluate the proposed method with two scenarios.
Results: The results showed that the screening of the people susceptible to ischemic heart disease had the most significant effect on increasing the sensitivity of the discovery classifier of CN2 subgroup through using balanced data by bootstrapping method followed by their analysis for the purpose of producing a sample of the patients. This classifier proved to have the potential for detecting 83.6% of the people susceptible to this disease.
Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that data mining methods are effective in screening for susceptible people with ischemic heart disease. This method can be compared with other traditional screening methods in that it is more cost-effective and faster.
Oleuropein cardioprotection effect against oxidative stress in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats
Authors: Kashefimehr Shahin , Nasirzadeh Mohammadreza
Published: July 2019

Introdution: Diabetes is the most common endocrine disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. Increasing the oxidative stress and changing the amount of antioxidants play important roles in pathogenesis of diabetes. Nowadays to control diabetes and its complications, the use of herbal drugs is considered widely. In this study, we investigated the effect of oleuropein on antioxidant enzymes activity of heart tissue in Streptozotocin induced diabetic male rats.
Methods: In this study, 30 adult male Wistar rats with a weight range of 190±30 gr were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=10 in each group): 1) control group or intact rats, 2) diabetic rats, and 3) treatment group, which received 60 mg/kg oleuropein for 30 days by gastric gavage. Diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. At the end of the treatment, serum concentrations of blood glucose and heart tissue antioxidant enzymes activity were determined. The obtained data were analyzed using  SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL; Version 18, statistical method of one way variance analysis and post hoc-Duncan test .
Results: The results showed that serum concentration of glucose decrease significantly in treatment group compared with the diabetic group (p=0.000). Also, TAC, SOD and GPX activity increased significantly in the treatment group compared with the diabetic group (p=0.000).
Conclusion: This study showed that oleuropein can prevent blood glucose increasing and reinforce antioxidant system of cardiac tissue in diabetic rats.
Correlation of PD-L1 and CD133 Expression with Metastasis in Invasive Breast Carcinoma of Luminal B Subtype
Authors: Anwar Sofian , Hernowo Bethy Surjawathy , Dewayani Birgitta Maria , Suryanti Sri
Published: July 2019

Background: Breast carcinoma is a cancer with the highest number in women, Luminal B is the highest number of all types of invasive breast carcinoma in the world.  Invasive  breast carcinoma of luminal B is breast carcinoma with hormone-receptor positive (estrogen-receptor and/or progesterone-receptor positive), and either HER2 positive or HER2 negative with high levels of Ki-67. Determining the aggressiveness factor in  invasive breast carcinoma is very important. PD-L1 is a checkpoint in the cancer cell immunity cycle that affects the aggressiveness of tumour cells and CD133 is a cancerous stem cell marker that plays a role in proliferation, renewal and invasion of tumour cells. This study aims to determine the relationship of PD-L1 and CD133 expression with metastasis in the invasive breast   carcinoma of Luminal B subtype.

Methods: This study was an observational analytic study with a case control design to analyze 40 cases of invasive  breast carcinoma Luminal B subtype, then divided into 2 groups, metastasis and nonmetastasis groups of 20 cases respectively. Then, all samples were performed by PD-L1 and CD133 immunohistochemistry staining, and then were associated with metastasis. All data were analyzed statistically, tested with a value of p < 0.05 from a significant level then processed with SPSS 24.0 for Windows.

Results: The results of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship in PD-L1 (p = 0.013), CD133 (p = 0.020) with metastasis. PD-L1 expression affects the incidence of metastasis more strongly than the CD133 expression, the high CD133 expression has the greatest risk of metastasis, compared to the high expression in PD-L1 (PD-L1 Odds Ratio : OR CD133 = 7.364 : 12,667).

Conclusions: The more increase in expression of PD-L1 and CD133 which demonstrated the more tendency for metastasis shows that PD-L1 had the most influence on metastasis.