bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of Gateway Selection and Gateway Placement in Wireless Mesh Networks
Authors: Naghdiani Maryam , Jahanshahi Mohsen
Published: October 2024

: Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are gaining popularity due to their versatility and cost-effectiveness. However, selecting appropriate gateways to connect these networks to external networks remains a key challenge. This paper presents a comprehensive review of gateway selection methods in WMNs, classifying them into network-centric, user-centric, and hybrid approaches. Key factors such as network topology, traffic volume, quality of service, and available resources are considered in evaluating these methods. The effectiveness of different strategies is assessed using metrics like throughput, latency, energy usage, and fairness. The impact of mobility, node heterogeneity, and security concerns on gateway selection is also explored. In addition to reviewing existing methods, the paper identifies research gaps and proposes future directions. Advanced methods that can adapt to changing network environments and support large-scale deployments are highlighted. This survey offers valuable insights for researchers and network designers to improve the efficiency and reliability of WMNs in real-world applications.
Metabolomics-Based Machine Learning for Predicting Mortality: Unveiling Multisystem Impacts on Health
Authors: Oravilahti Anniina , Vangipurapu Jagadish , Laakso Markku , Fernandes Silva Lilian
Published: October 2024

Reliable predictors of long-term all-cause mortality are needed for middle-aged and older populations. Previous metabolomics mortality studies have limitations, a low number of participants and metabolites measured, measurements mainly using nuclear magnetic spectroscopy, and the use only of conventional statistical methods. To overcome these challenges, we applied liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and measured > 1000 metabolites in the METSIM study including 10.197 men. We applied the machine learning approach together with conventional statistical methods to identify metabolites associated with all-cause mortality. The three independent machine learning methods (logistic regression, XGBoost, Welch’test) identified 32 metabolites having the most im-pactful associations with all-cause mortality (25 increasing and 7 decreasing the risk). From these metabolites 20 were novel and encompassed various metabolic pathways, impacting cardiovascular, renal, respiratory, endocrine, and central nervous systems. In the In the Cox regression analyses (hazard rations and their 95% confidence intervals) clinical and laboratory risk factors increased the risk of all-cause mortality significantly by 1.76 (1.60-1.94), 25 metabolites by 1.89 (1.68-2.12), and 25 metabolites and clinical and labor-atory risk factors 2.00 (1.81-2.22). In our study the main causes of death were cancers (28%) and cardiovascular diseases (25%). We did not identify any metabolites associated with cancer but found 13 metabolites associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular dis-eases. Our study reports several novel metabolites associated with an increased risk of mortality and shows that these 25 metabolites improved the prediction of all-cause mor-tality beyond and above clinical and laboratory measurements.
A LiDAR-based Yaw Control for Wind Turbines
Authors: Mahmoodi Esmail , Khezri Mohammad , Ebrahimi Arash , Ritschel Uwe , Kamandi Majid
Published: October 2024

In this study, we investigate a yaw control strategy in a two-turbine wind farm with 3.5 MW turbines, aiming to optimize power management. The wind farm is equipped with a nacelle-mounted multi-plane LiDAR system for wind speed measurements. Using an analytical model and integrating LiDAR and SCADA data, we estimate wake effects and power output. Our results show a 2% power gain achieved through optimal yaw control over a year-long assessment. The wind predominantly blows from the southwest, perpendicular to the turbine alignment. The optimal yaw and power gain depend on wind conditions, with higher turbulence intensity and wind speed leading to reduced gains. The power gain follows a bell curve across the range of wind inflow angles, peaking at 1.7% with a corresponding optimal yaw of 17 degrees at an inflow angle of 12 degrees. Further experiments are recommended to refine the estimates and enhance the performance of wind farms through optimized yaw control strategies, ultimately contributing to the advancement of sustainable energy generation.
Black Hole Microstates and Entropy
Authors: Singh Swapnil
Published: October 2024

The black hole entropy problem, often framed through the semi-classical relation between horizon area and entropy, challenges the consistency of quantum gravity and thermodynamic principles. Within the framework of string theory, Fuzzball solutions offer a nontrivial resolution by positing that black holes are ensembles of horizonless microstates, whose degeneracy matches the leading-order entropy scaling predicted by $S \sim A$. This paper conducts a comparative analysis of Fuzzball microstate geometries against other competing proposals, such as holographic dualities, where $S_{\text{CFT}}$ asymptotically approaches black hole entropy and approaches derived from loop quantum gravity, which quantize spacetime at the Planck scale. Recent advancements in the moduli space of supersymmetric and near-extremal Fuzzball solutions have pushed forward our understanding of microstate counting, though extending these solutions to nonextremal configurations remains a formidable challenge. Moreover, the emergence of Hawking radiation as a coherent quantum process, while preserving unitarity, raises new questions about the completeness of the Fuzzball paradigm in resolving the information paradox. In this work, we explore the complex interplay between gravitational entropy, quantum information, and the non-local structure of spacetime, ultimately confronting the limitations and future directions of Fuzzball theory in addressing the full range of gravitational entropy phenomena.
Mechanisms and Evolutionary Perspectives of RNA Chaperones in RNA Folding and Function
Authors: Datta Neelabh
Published: October 2024

RNA molecules face significant challenges in achieving their correct functional structures due to intrinsic folding problems, including kinetic trapping in incorrect conformations and thermodynamic instability of tertiary structures. The RNA chaperone hypothesis proposes that RNA-binding proteins, or RNA chaperones, play a crucial role in facilitating proper RNA folding by mitigating these difficulties. RNA chaperones resolve misfolding by preventing alternative conformations and stabilizing correct tertiary structures, thus enhancing RNA functionality. This hypothesis is supported by evidence demonstrating that nonspecific RNA-binding proteins enhance RNA folding kinetics by resolving misfolded complexes.RNA-dependent ATPases are implicated in the spatial and temporal regulation of RNA folding. The evolutionary transition from an RNA-dominated world to an RNA-protein world is thought to have involved the emergence of nonspecific RNA-binding peptides that initially functioned as general chaperones before evolving into more specialized RNA-binding proteins. The role of RNA chaperones extends to the regulation of ribosomal RNA folding, where assembly factors prevent misfolding by delaying tertiary interactions.Mechanistic insights into RNA chaperone function reveal diverse strategies, including charge screening and specific binding interactions, which facilitate RNA conformational transitions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms by which RNA chaperones influence RNA folding and to explore the evolutionary implications of these interactions.
Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity and Oxidative Stability of Cooked Sausages Through Portulaca oleracea (Purslane) Supplementation: A Natural Alternative to Synthetic Additives
Authors: Makangali Kadyrzhan , Tultabayeva Tamara , Zamaratskaia Galia , Ospankulova Gulnazym , Tokysheva Gulzhan , Abzhanova Sholpan , Zhakupova Gulmira , Ergalikyzy Ademi
Published: October 2024

In this study, Portulaca oleracea (purslane) was investigated as a potential antioxidant supplement in cooked sausages, with a focus on its effects on lipid oxidation, fatty acid composition, and antioxidant activity. The fatty acid profile of the sausages enriched with 1.2% of purslane powder, revealed a 1.3-fold increase in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an essential omega-3 fatty acid. Improved oxidative stability during refrigerated storage was observed, with peroxide values of 10.9 meq/kg in the sausages with purslane by day 10, compared to 12.5 meq/kg in the control sausages. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values, reflecting lipid peroxidation, were also significantly lower in the sausages with purslane. The antioxidant capacity was significantly enhanced in the sausages containing purslane, which demonstrated a Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) of 13.5 mg GAE/g, whereas the control sausages showed undetectable FRAP levels. Additionally, the DPPH radical scavenging activity in the sausages with purslane was 21.70%, compared to 13.73% in the control. These findings suggest that purslane not only improves the nutritional profile of meat products by increasing beneficial fatty acids but also provides substantial protection against oxidative spoilage. Portulaca oleracea offers a promising natural alternative to synthetic antioxidants, enhancing both the shelf life and quality of processed meats.
Ethical aspects of publishing educational texts and publications
Authors: Lípa Jan , Rozenský Ladislav
Published: October 2024

How can we ensure publishing ethics in the digital age? In an age where information travels at the speed of light, ethical publishing is essential to maintain the credibility and quality of content. Academics, students and practitioners face challenges such as protecting copyright and ensuring transparency. Drawing on theoretical research and, in particular, qualitative analysis of theoretical sources, the research aim of this paper is to reflect on what practical recommendations and key principles can help deliver valuable content and avoid ethical pitfalls. Educating the academic community about the meaning and protection of copyright, licensing, transparency and moral responsibility of authors and peer-reviewed scientific publications seems crucial. The ethical aspects of publishing educational texts and publications are pillars for ensuring quality and credibility. Copyright protection and fair licensing form the basis that promotes transparency and fairness. The need for academics and students to be encouraged to reflect on ethical challenges and contribute to sustainable publishing seems essential. The findings of this theoretical research can serve as feedback for publishers of scholarly and educational texts and as insights for setting publishing standards.
A Comparison of the Sensitivity and Cellular Detection Capabilities of Magnetic Particle Imaging and Bioluminescence Imaging
Authors: Trozzo Sophia , Neupane Bijita , Foster Paula J.
Published: October 2024

Preclinical cell tracking is enhanced with a multimodal imaging approach. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is a highly sensitive optical modality which relies on engineering cells to constitutively express a luciferase gene. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a newer imaging modality which directly detects superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles used to label cells. Here, we compare BLI and MPI for imaging cells in vitro and in vivo. Mouse 4T1 breast carcinoma cells were transduced to express firefly luciferase, labeled with SPIO (ProMag) and imaged as cell samples and after subcutaneous injection into mice. For cell samples, the BLI and MPI signals were strongly correlated with cell number. Both modalities presented limitations for imaging cells in vivo. For BLI, weak signal penetration, signal attenuation and scattering prevented detection of cells for mice with hair and for cells far from the tissue surface. For MPI, background signals obscured the detection of low cell numbers due to the limited dynamic range and cell number could not be accurately quantified from in vivo images. It is important to understand the shortcomings of these imaging modalities to develop strategies to improve cellular detection sensitivity.
Healthcare Settings and Infections Prevention: Today’s Proce-dures in Light of the “Instructions for Disinfection” Issued During the 1817 Typhus Epidemic in the Grand Duchy of Tus-cany (Pre-Unification Italy)
Authors: Orsini Davide , Cristina Maria Luisa , Spagnolo Anna Maria , Minet Carola , Sartini Marina , Parrella Roberto , Bragazzi Nicola Luigi , Martini Mariano
Published: October 2024

Even today Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) remain the most frequent and serious complications in healthcare, with a significant clinical and economic impact. The authors address the causes and conditions that determine this situation and describe them in a comparison with the situation in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany more than two centuries ago and with the instructions that were issued at the time to contain the typhus epidemic of 1817, to increase hospital sanitation and disinfect houses. Today, we know that a crucial element in the fight against healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) is the definition and implementation of best care practices and other measures, according to a combined program that must be tailored to each healthcare setting.
In the early nineteenth century, these approaches originated from experience and chemical knowledge that were becoming established, opening the way to the ideas and experiments of Ignác Fülöp Semmelweis and later of Joseph Lister, who traced the path for the birth of Hygiene.
Two centuries later the pioneering vision of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany at the beginning of the 19th century, when preventive measures in the field of public health were still backward and underdeveloped, is still enlightening and surprisingly topical.
A Systematic Review of ERP, CRM, and HRM Systems for SMEs: Managerial and Employee Support
Authors: Myataza Avuyile , Mafunga Michael , Mkhulisi Njabulo S. , Thango Bonginkosi A.
Published: October 2024

This systematic review examines the role of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), and Human Resource Management (HRM) systems in enhancing managerial decision-making and employee productivity in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) between 2014 and 2024. It explores how these systems streamline operations, improve workflow automation, and support real-time communication, helping SMEs overcome resource limitations and enhance operational efficiency. Additionally, the review considers how these integrated technologies, particularly when combined with advancements such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), contribute to better resource allocation, strategic planning, and long-term business performance. In addressing the challenges SMEs face in system adoption—such as costs, training, and implementation—the review offers actionable insights into how ERP, CRM, and HRM systems can be strategically employed for sustainable growth and competitive advantage.
On the Numerical Investigation of Natural Convection Heat Sinks Across a Wide Range of Flow and Operating Conditions
Authors: Dewilde Louis , Ali Syed Mughees , Nimmagadda Rajesh , Persoons Tim
Published: October 2024

Many designs for natural convection heat sinks, and semi-empirical correlations have been proposed in the recent years, but they are only valid in a limited range of Elenbaas number $El$ and were mostly tested for laminar flows. To alleviate those limits, parametric studies with 2D and quasi-3D models were carried out with ranges of Grashof numbers up to $1.55 \cdot 10^{11}$ and Elenbaas numbers up to $3.42 \cdot 10^7$. Ansys Fluent’s laminar, transition-SST, SST k-$\omega$, and k-$\epsilon$ models were applied. In addition, when used in this valid range, \textit{i.e.} mean Elenbaas numbers, with the simplified quasi-3D model, the transition-SST model can predict better results, over-estimating the heat flux by $10$ to $15\%$ compared to semi-empirical correlations. The 2D model was not deemed satisfying regarding turbulence models. Consequently, a quasi-3D model was developed: it appeared to be an efficient trade-off between computational time and prediction accuracy, in particular for turbulence models. New grouping factors were also found, to ensure proper dimensioning of natural convection heat sinks. They correspond to non-dimensional parameters that dictate the physical behaviour of the heat sink with respect to the semi-empirical correlations. Typically, the ratio of the spacing to the optimal spacing predicted by Bar-Cohen's correlation turned out to be an appropriate grouping factor with a threshold of $1$, above which the fins could safely be considered as isolated, thus greatly simplifying all further calculations.
IDH Mutations in Glioma: Molecular, Cellular, Diagnostic, and Clinical Implications
Authors: Choate Kristian Alissa , Pratt Evan P.S. , Jennings Matthew James , Winn Robert James , Mann Paul Barrie
Published: October 2024

In 2021, the World Health Organization classified isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant gliomas as a distinct subgroup of tumors with genetic changes sufficient to enable a complete diagnosis. Patients with an IDH mutant glioma have improved survival which has been further enhanced by the advent of targeted therapies. IDH enzymes contribute to cellular metabolism, and mutations to specific catalytic residues result in the neomorphic production of D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG). The accumulation of D-2-HG results in epigenetic alterations, oncogenesis and impacts the tumor microenvironment via immunological modulations. Here, we summarize the molecular, cellular, and clinical implications of IDH mutations in gliomas as well as current diagnostic techniques.
Non-Coding RNAs as Potential Diagnostic/Prognostic Markers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Tonon Federica , Grassi Chiara , Tierno Domenico , Biasin Alice , Grassi Mario , Grassi Gabriele , Dapas Barbara
Published: October 2024

The increasing incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) together with the poor effectiveness of the available therapeutic treatments, make an early diagnosis and an effective screening of utmost relevance. Liquid biopsy represents a potential novel approach for early HCC detection and monitoring. The identification of blood markers has many desirable features among which the absence of any significant risk for the patients, the possibility to be used as screening tool and to perform multiple tests thus allowing a real-time monitoring of HCC evolution. Unfortunately, the available blood markers of HCC have several limitations mostly related to specificity and sensitivity. In this context, the employment of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) may represent an interesting and novel diagnostic approach. ncRNAs which includes among others, micro interfering RNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), regulate human gene expression via the interaction with their target mRNA. Notably, their expression can be altered in HCC thus reflecting the diseased status. In this review, we discuss some noticeable works, which describe the use of miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNA as HCC biomarkers. Despite some open aspects related to ncRNA use, the presented works strongly support the potential effectiveness of these molecules as diagnostic/prognostic markers for HCC.
Effect of culture supernatant of Clostridium butyricum TO-A on human DNA repair factor-encoding gene promoters
Authors: Takaoka Shunsuke , Ishii Takuro , Umihara Yuriko , Otani Ryuji , Akazawa Sota , Oda Takahiro , Ogino Yoko , Okino Yoichi , Wang Dian-Sheng , Uchiumi Fumiaki
Published: October 2024

In this study, Clostridium butyricum TO-A culture supernatant (CBCS) or butyric acid was added to a culture medium of human cervical carcinoma HeLa S3 cells, and changes in DNA repair-related gene promoter activi-ties were investigated. HeLa S3 cells were transfected with a luciferase (Luc) expression vector containing ap-proximately 500-bp of the 5′-upstream region of several human DNA repair-related genes and cultured with a medium containing CBCS (10%) or butyric acid (2.5 mM). Cells were harvested after 19 to 42 h of incubation. Luc assay revealed that the human ATM, PARG, PARP1, and RB1 gene promoter activities were significantly increased. Western blot analysis showed that amounts of the proteins encoded by those genes markedly in-creased. Furthermore, 8, 24, and 48 h after the addition of the CBCS (10%), total RNA was extracted and subjected to RNAseq analysis. The result showed that the expression of several DNA replication/repair-related genes, including NFKB, and the MCM gene groups, decreased markedly after 8 h. However, the expression of the histone genes increased after 24 h. Elucidation of the mechanism by which CBCS and butyrate affect DNA-repair associated protein-encoding gene expression may contribute to the prevention of carcinogenesis, of which the risk rises in accordance with aging.
Experimental Design of C. oleifera diseases and pest Segmentation Based on CDM-DeeplabV3+ with A Residual Attention ASPP and Dual Attention Encoder
Authors: Li Lin , Guo Ruitian , Zhang Yongzhong
Published: October 2024

In order to deepen students' understanding of the deep learning network development and application process, this paper designed a deep learning-based teaching experiment simulation method for C. oleifera diseases and pest segmentation. The experimental process includes training data collection and preprocessing, network model training, result verification and analysis, etc., throughout the whole process of deep learning-based image segmentation task development. To this end, CDM-DeeplabV3+ network was proposed to segment C. oleifera leaf diseases fast and accurately, which was composed of a Residual Attention ASPP(CBAM-ASPP) and Dual Attention Encoder (DAM-Encoder). CBAM-ASPP obtained multiscale information by extending to five dilated convolutions and focused on the edge features using Convolutional Block Attention Module. The DAM-Encoder structure, which was connected with CBAM-ASPP in parallel, highlighted the tiny features by combining global and local features. Then, the C. oleifera diseases and pest dataset was built, and the model was compared with the traditional segmentation models DeeplabV3+, UNet, HrNetV2 and PSPNet. The experimental results show that the mIoU of CDM-DeeplabV3+ reaches 85.63%, which is 5.82% higher than that of the original model and the model parameters are reduced by nearly five times, proving the effectiveness and feasibility of segmenting pests and diseases on C. oleifera. The design of the experimental teaching content is inspired by the scientific research experiments of artificial intelligence, following the frontier of the discipline and easy to realize, reflecting the teaching concept of the integration of science and education.
Men’s Health Seeking Behaviour: Exploring Men’s Reluctance to Seek Help. A Case of Industrial Site Community, Victoria Falls
Authors: Kuziwa Bhiri , David Mapfunde
Published: October 2024

The WHO is so passionate about good health for all meanwhile the emerging counselling discipline is a complimentary arm whose interest is to fully complement those efforts through helping humankind in issues that may be affecting the health and the overall well-being. The researcher has discovered through studies and general knowledge that men tend to delay in seeking health help compared to women. Men appear to be reluctant in seeking professional assistance in problems pertaining to their health, marriages, work place, infertility, sexual dysfunction and other social life ills subsequently leading to depression, suicides, excessive uptake of alcohol, violence, mental psychosis and physical disabilities or premature death. Studies have shown that men are socially constructed to be strong from a tender age and they grow into adulthood believing that they are strong both physical and emotional hence they are supposed to withstand any situation affecting them. Masking and faking have been regarded as sign of being a real man, however these social constructs, perceptions and expectations appear to be the root cause of problems manifesting daily in men’s behavior towards seeking health help. This study therefore endeavors to find out more about the factors or determinants influencing men’s reluctance to seeking help in areas concerning their health in Industrial site of Victoria Falls. The study serves as additional educational awareness guide for the significant other, while issues unraveled help in gender mainstreaming programs for gender equality when it comes to societal hegemonizing of men’s health. Moreover, the exploration of influencing factors or determinants, causes and effects of men’s reluctance in seeking health help were scrutinized as well as possible solutions. There has been much realization of more various literature on women’s issues than men because women in general have been known to open up and talk through their issues unlike men hence the aim is to focus on men in order to understand the attitude and perceptions underlying the reluctance to seek medical care regularly and promptly. When communities get to understand that men too, feel the pain both emotionally and physically, may be then, men would not fear stigmatization but come out to seek health help promptly and communities would realize that some cultural expectations placed on men result in more harm than good.
A Survey on Design Space Exploration Approaches for Approximate Computing Systems
Authors: Saeedi Sepide , Piri Ali , Deveautour Bastien , O'Connor Ian , Bosio Alberto , Savino Alessandro , Di Carlo Stefano
Published: October 2024

Approximate Computing (AxC) has emerged as a promising paradigm to enhance performance and energy efficiency by allowing a controlled trade-off between accuracy and resource consumption. It is extensively adopted across various abstraction levels, from software to architecture and circuit levels, employing diverse methodologies. The primary objective of AxC is to reduce energy consumption for executing error-resilient applications, accepting controlled and inherently acceptable output quality degradation. However, harnessing AxC poses several challenges, including identifying segments within a design amenable to approximation and selecting suitable AxC techniques to fulfill accuracy and performance criteria.
This survey provides a comprehensive review of recent methodologies proposed for performing Design Space Exploration (DSE) to find the most suitable AxC techniques, focusing on both hardware and software implementations. DSE is a crucial design process where system designs are modeled, evaluated, and optimized for various extra-functional system behaviors such as performance, power consumption, energy efficiency, and accuracy. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify papers that ascribe their DSE algorithms, excluding those relying on exhaustive search methods. This survey aims to detail the state-of-the-art DSE methodologies that efficiently select AxC techniques, offering insights into their applicability across different hardware platforms and use-case domains. For this purpose, papers were categorized based on the type of search algorithm used, with Machine Learning (ML) and Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) being the predominant approaches. Further categorization is based on the target hardware, including Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), general-purpose Central Processing Units (CPUs), and Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). A notable observation was that most studies targeted image processing applications due to their tolerance for accuracy loss. By providing an overview of techniques and methods outlined in existing literature pertaining to the DSE of AxC designs, this survey elucidates the current trends and challenges in optimizing approximate designs.
Assessing Asymmetry in Soccer: Implications for Muscular Power, Balance, and Injury Prevention
Authors: Haddad Monoem
Published: October 2024

This review explores the prevalence and implications of muscular power and dynamic balance asymmetry among soccer players, focusing on its impact on performance and injury risk. Asymmetry is common in soccer due to the sport's specific demands, such as the frequent use of one leg for kicking and passing. While some asymmetry may allow for functional specialization and may not impair performance, significant imbalances are often linked to an increased risk of injuries, particularly to the lower extremities. Dynamic balance asymmetry is also associated with a higher risk of non-contact injuries, highlighting the importance of joint stability in preventing such injuries. However, the direct impact of balance asymmetry on performance metrics like sprint speed and agility is less definitive, suggesting that compensatory mechanisms or training adaptations might mitigate potential negative effects. Advancements in assessment technologies, such as motion capture systems and wearable devices, have enhanced the precision of asymmetry evaluations, enabling more targeted interventions. Despite these technological advancements, further research is needed to understand the long-term effects of asymmetry across different player demographics, including youth and female athletes, and to evaluate the effectiveness of specific training interventions. This review recommends a multidisciplinary approach, integrating biomechanics, sports medicine, and coaching insights, to develop comprehensive strategies for managing asymmetry in soccer. Such strategies will be crucial for optimizing player performance, minimizing injury risk, and improving training and rehabilitation programs tailored to the diverse needs of soccer players.
A Simple Equation for the Proton Charge Radius
Authors: Perkovic Nikola
Published: October 2024

In this short paper we will propose a new equation for the proton charge radius which is inversely proportional to the Rydberg constant and directly proportional to the running value of the fine structure constant on the protonic scale. This will define the proton charge radius only by the effective value of the fine structure constant and the Rydberg constant. This new equation also disproves the old value of the proton charge radius 0.877(50) which was measured by using electron-proton scattering and further solidifies the newer and smaller values 0.8414(19) provided by NIST.
The MARVIN Hypothesis: Linking Unhealthy Lifestyles to Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture Risk and Clinical Prognosis
Authors: Swiatek Vanessa M. , Fischer Igor , Khajuria Rajiv , Amini Amir , Steinkusch Hannah , Rashidi Ali , Stein Klaus-Peter , Dumitru Claudia A. , Sandalcioglu I. Erol , Neyazi Belal
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives: The rising incidence of modifiable lifestyle risk factors and cardiovascular diseases, driven by poor diet, inactivity, excessive alcohol use, and smoking, may influence the development and rupture of intracranial aneurysms (IA). This study aimed to examine the impact of lifestyle-related and cardiovascular risk factors on IA rupture and patient outcomes. Materials and Methods: We developed the "MARVIN" (Metabolic and Adverse Risk Factors and Vices Influencing Intracranial Aneurysms) model and conducted a retrospective analysis of 303 patients with 517 IAs, treated between 2007 and 2020. Of these, 225 patients were analyzed for rupture status and 221 for clinical outcomes. The analysis focused on hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, vascular diseases, nicotine and alcohol abuse, obesity, aneurysm rupture status, and clinical outcomes. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the impact of these risk factors. Results: Among those with risk factors, 24.9% (56/225) and 25.3% (56/221) had one, 32.0% (72/225) and 30.8% (68/221) had two, 20.0% (45/225) and 20.4% (45/221) had three, 12.0% (27/225) and 12.2% (27/221) had four, 4.0% (9/225) and 4.1% (9/221) had five, 0.9% (2/225) had six in both groups, and 0.4% (1/225) and 0.5% (1/221) had seven risk factors, respectively. Strong relationships were found between lifestyle-related vascular risk factors, indicating multiple comorbidities in patients with unhealthy habits. Smokers with ruptured aneurysms had higher WFNS (World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies) scores, but nicotine abuse did not affect long-term outcomes. The most significant predictors for poor outcomes were WFNS score and age, while age and a history of vascular diseases were protective against rupture. Despite the high prevalence of modifiable risk factors, they did not significantly influence rupture risk. Conclusions: The findings suggest a need for multifactorial risk assessment strategies in managing IA patients. Future studies with larger cohorts are required to confirm these results and better understand IA progression.
Why Scotland Should Be Independent: Historical Context, European Identity, Future Prosperity, and Unique Citizenship Challenges
Authors: Montgomery Richard Murdoch
Published: October 2024

This article explores the multifaceted argument for Scottish independence, emphasizing Scotland's historical context, cultural identity, and the potential benefits of rejoining the European Union (EU). It begins with a historical overview, tracing Scotland's deep roots in independence and its eventual union with England in 1707, which, despite economic benefits, subordinated Scottish interests to those of England. The article argues that Scotland's distinct identity and ongoing desire for autonomy justify a renewed push for independence. Reuniting with Europe is presented as a key advantage, offering Scotland access to the EU's single market, financial support, and a platform for political influence. Additionally, independence would empower Scotland to harness its renewable energy resources, develop tailored economic policies, and uphold its tradition of social justice. However, the article also acknowledges the unique challenges Scotland faces, particularly in formulating citizenship policies amidst the legacy of English imperialism. Ultimately, the article posits that despite these challenges, independence offers Scotland a path to realizing its full potential as a sovereign nation committed to democracy, equality, and cooperation.
Structural Integrity and Performance Analysis of a Concrete Bridge Close to the Masjed Soleiman Earthen Dam
Authors: Hatami Dezdarani Vahid , Pour Mohammadi Mohammad Hossein
Published: October 2024

This study aims to evaluate the performance of a concrete bridge located near the earthen dam of Masjed Soleiman County. The proximity of bridges to large water structures such as dams can affect their structural integrity due to environmental factors and the dynamic loads imposed by fluctuating water levels and soil movements. This paper analyzes the structural behavior of the concrete bridge using advanced modeling techniques, including finite element analysis and site-specific data. The methodology involves evaluating the bridge’s load-carrying capacity, durability under environmental stresses, and possible degradation due to soil settlement and moisture penetration from the nearby dam.Field tests and simulations were conducted to assess the bridge’s stability and performance under different loading conditions, including traffic loads and external factors like changes in water pressure from the dam. Results indicate that while the concrete bridge remains structurally sound, there are signs of minor degradation in certain areas, such as cracks and moisture-related issues. These findings highlight the importance of regular maintenance and monitoring, especially in structures located near large water bodies or dams.Recommendations for improving the bridge’s performance include applying advanced waterproofing methods, strengthening concrete components in critical zones, and implementing a routine inspection schedule. The results from this case study provide valuable insights into the interaction between bridges and surrounding hydraulic infrastructure, serving as a reference for similar projects in regions prone to environmental and structural stresses.This research contributes to the body of knowledge by offering practical solutions for maintaining and enhancing the durability of concrete bridges in close proximity to dams, emphasizing the need for proactive strategies to extend the lifespan of such critical infrastructure.
A Narrative Review of the Role of Vitamin D in Bond Health: Implications for Young Adults
Authors: Agrawal Roshan
Published: October 2024

Background: Vitamin D is essential for bone health, influencing bone mineral density (BMD) and the prevention of bone-related disorders. Despite its importance, Vitamin D deficiency remains prevalent among young adults, raising concerns about its impact on skeletal health. Objective: This review aims to summarize the current understanding of Vitamin D's role in bone health, focusing on its effects on BMD in young adults, and to identify gaps in the existing literature. Methods: A comprehensive narrative review of recent studies and guidelines was conducted, covering Vitamin D synthesis, its impact on bone health, dietary recommendations, and public health implications. Data were sourced from PubMed, Google Scholar, and relevant clinical guidelines.
Determinants of Neonatal Mortality at the David Bernardino Paediatric Hospital in Angola: A Case-Control Study Using Theoretical Frameworks
Authors: Avelino Israel C. , Van-Dúnem Joaquim , Varandas Luís
Published: October 2024

Neonatal mortality rates in developing countries are influenced by a complex array of factors. Despite advancements in healthcare, Angola has one of the highest neonatal mortality rates in sub-Saharan Africa, with significant contributors including premature birth, intrapartum events, tetanus, and sepsis. This study aimed to identify the primary causes and contributing factors of neonatal mortality among infants admitted to the Neonatology Service at DBPH in Luanda from May 2022 to June 2023. A retrospective matched case-control design was employed, pairing each neonatal death with two surviving neonates based on age and sex. The analysis included 318 newborns, of whom 106 experienced hospital deaths. A stepwise binary logistic regression model was used to examine associations between variables and neonatal mortality. Variables with p < 0.25 in bivariate analysis were included in the multivariate model. Significant factors associated with neonatal mortality included: a low Apgar score at 1 minute (< 7) (OR 2.172; 95% CI: 1.436–4.731); maternal age under 20 years (OR 3.746; 95% CI: 2.172–6.459); home delivery (OR 1.769; 95% CI: 1.034–3.027); and a short hospital stay of ≤ 48 hours (OR 2.791; 95% CI: 1.183–6.587). Addressing these issues requires urgent interventions, including improving Apgar score management through enhanced training for healthcare professionals, supporting young mothers with intensified maternal education, ensuring deliveries occur in appropriate healthcare settings, and improving universal health coverage and referral systems. These measures could be crucial for enhancing neonatal care and reducing mortality.
Reliability Analysis of Developing Programs for Converting MIDAS GEN to ANSYS Models Based on Python
Authors: Yang Yuqing , Kong Fanchang , Jiang Zhelong , Mu Zaigen
Published: October 2024

The reasonableness and accuracy of engineering design are often assessed through the use of a variety of structural design analysis software, which are then compared and verified. However, it is challenging for a single analysis software to meet the diverse and complex design requirements. In order to meet the specific engineering requirements, it is necessary to convert the MIDAS result model into an ANSYS structural model and conduct a nonlinear analysis and simulation in ANSYS. Nevertheless, the existing interface is unable to facilitate direct conversion of the model. Accordingly, this paper presents a Python-based ANSYS APDL program that enables the complete conversion of MIDAS GEN structural models to ANSYS finite element models. The program is capable of converting a range of data, including material, section, element, connection, load, node mass, constraint, time history function, and so forth. The program is capable of converting specific connection units, including elastic and general connection units. Additionally, the beam-column section direction, beam end freedom release, rigid element, and special anti-rocking structure of the structure can be considered. Ultimately, the theatre model is transformed. Following a comparison of the analysis results, it was found that the mass and mode of the model before and after the transformation were essentially identical. The maximum error of the first six orders of the structure is 2.95%, with the structural displacement under gravity load remaining essentially unchanged. The research and analysis demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of the MIDAS GEN conversion ANSYS program. The conversion program significantly reduces the time required for direct modeling in ANSYS, enhancing work efficiency. The study has considerable practical significance for the seismic sway design and analysis of buildings based on vibration isolation design.
Geospatial Variation in Vaccination Coverage and Zero-Dose Prevalence at the District, Ward and Health Facility Levels Before and After a Measles Vaccination Campaign in Nigeria
Authors: Utazi C. Edson , Olowe Iyanuloluwa , Chan Theo H. M. , Dotse-Gborgortsi Winfred , Wagai John , Umar Jamila A. , Etamesor Sulaiman , Atuhaire Brian , Fafunmi Biyi , Crawford Jessica , Adeniran Adeyemi , Tatem Andrew J
Published: October 2024

Many measles endemic countries with suboptimal coverage levels still rely on vaccination campaigns to fill immunity gaps and boost control efforts. Depending on local epidemiological patterns, national or targeted campaigns are implemented, following which post-campaign coverage surveys (PCCSs) are conducted to evaluate their performance, particularly in terms of reaching previously unvaccinated children. Due to limited resources, PCCS surveys are designed to be representative at coarse spatial scales, often masking important heterogeneities in coverage that could enhance the identification of areas of poor performance for follow up via routine immunization strategies. Here, we undertake geospatial analyses of the 2021 measles PCCS in Nigeria to map indicators of coverage measuring the individual and combined performance of the campaign and routine immunization (RI) at 1x1 km resolution and the ward and district levels in 13 states. Using additional geospatial data sets, we also produced estimates of numbers of unvaccinated children during the campaign and numbers of measles-containing vaccine (MCV) zero-dose children before and after the campaign at these levels and within health facility catchment areas. Our study revealed that although the campaign reduced the numbers of MCV zero-dose children in all the districts, areas of suboptimal campaign and RI performance with considerable numbers of zero-dose children remained. Our analyses further identified wards and health facility catchment areas with higher numbers of unvaccinated children within these areas. Our outputs provide a robust evidence base to plan and implement follow-up RI strategies and to guide future campaigns at flexible and operationally relevant spatial scales.
YAP and ECM Stiffness: Key Drivers of Adipocyte Differentiation and Lipid Accumulation
Authors: Dong Da-Long , Jin Guang-Zhen
Published: October 2024

ECM stiffness significantly influences ADSC differentiation, with YAP, a major transcription factor in the Hippo signaling pathway, playing a pivotal role. This study investigates how ECM stiffness affects ADSC differentiation and its relationship with YAP signaling. Different hydrogel concentrations were used to simulate varying ECM stiffness, and their effects on ADSC differentiation were analyzed through material properties, adipocyte-specific gene expression, lipid droplet staining, YAP localization, and protein levels. Results showed that increasing hydrogel stiffness enhanced adipocyte differentiation in a gradient manner. Inhibition of YAP signaling further increased lipid droplet accumulation, suggesting ECM stiffness affects adipogenesis by modulating YAP signaling and its cytoplasmic phosphorylation. This study reveals the molecular mechanism of ECM stiffness-dependent lipid deposition, highlighting YAP's regulatory role in adipogenesis. These findings provide insights into cell differentiation regulation and have implications for tissue engineering and obesity treatment strategies.
A Novel Unit Distribution Named as Median Based Unit Rayleigh (MBUR): Properties and Estimations
Authors: Attia Iman
Published: October 2024

The importance of continuously emerging new distribution is a mandate to understand the world and environment surrounding us. In this paper, the author will discuss a new distribution defined on the interval (0,1) as regards the methodology of deducing its PDF, some of its properties and related functions. A simulation and real data analysis will be highlighted.
Breast Cancer and Mental health: Incidence and Influencing Factors—A Claims Data Analysis from Germany
Authors: von Au Alexandra , Dannehl Dominik , Dijkstra Tjeerd Maarten Hein , Gutsfeld Raphael , Scholz Anna Sophie , Hassdenteufel Kathrin , Hahn Markus , Hawighorst-Knapstein Sabine , Isaksson Alexandra , Chaudhuri Ariane , Bauer Armin , Wallwiener Markus , Wallwiener Diethelm , Brucker Sara Yvonne , Hartkopf Andreas Daniel , Wallwiener Stephanie
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: With breast cancer (BC) survival improving due to optimized therapy, enhancing quality of life has become increasingly important. Both diagnosis and treatment, with their potential side effects, pose risks to mental well-being. Our study aimed to analyze the incidence and potential risk factors for mental disorders in BC patients. Methods: This retrospective analysis used claims data from AOK Baden-Wuerttemberg, including 11,553 BC patients diagnosed via ICD code C50 between 2010 and 2020 and 31,944 age-matched controls. Patients with mental disorders in the 12 months prior to diagnosis were excluded. Mental disorders were categorized into eight groups based on ICD codes: anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, adjustment disorder, dissociative disorder, hypochondriac disorder, affective disorder, mania, and other neuroses. Results: Mental disorders were significantly more common in BC patients than in controls (64.2% vs. 38.1%, p<0.01, OR 2.91). In particular, hypochondriac, anxiety, affective, and adjustment disorders occurred significantly more often in BC patients. No differences were found for mania, bipolar disease, other neuroses, obsessive-compulsive- and dissociative disorder. Furthermore, endocrine therapy was associated with psychological comorbidities (OR 1.69, p<0.001), while primarily metastasized patients (Stage C) had a lower risk than adjuvant patients in stage A (OR 0.55, p<0.0001). Regarding surgical treatment, mastectomy patients showed lower rates of mental illnesses (61.2%) than those with breast-conserving treatment (71.6%) or especially breast reconstruction (78.4%, p<0.01). Breast reconstruction was also associated with more hypochondriac (p<0.01) and adjustment disorders (p<0.01). Conclusions: So, BC patients experience significantly more mental disorders than controls, particularly, when treated with endocrine therapy and breast reconstructive surgery.