bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HaMapah/The Map
Authors: McKinney Adam W.
Published: March 2022

This chapter reflects on the use of dance-based, autoethnographic, genealogical research to create the choreographed work HaMapah/The Map. For the work, choreographer Adam W. McKinney used dance to look back to histories of racism, anti-Semitism, and homophobia to better understand the ways in which oppression manifested in his family. Various modes of research, including returning to sites of trauma in Poland and Africa to change relationships to historical spaces, signified the revolutionary practices of reclaiming non-conflicting, wholly co-existing mixed heritage identities. In this chapter, McKinney discusses how his Black, gay, Native, Jewish identity informed the choreographic concept for HaMapah/The Map.
Then in What Sense Are You a Jewish Artist?
Authors: Kant Marion
Published: March 2022

The essay offers a discussion of the emergence of a secular “Jewish” self in the public discourse of the European enlightenment in the nineteenth century. It addresses the contradictions that these processes of modernity imposed with their debates on emancipation and equal rights for citizens, for Jews, and women, and that were condensed into the social constructs of the “Jewish Question” and the “Women’s Question.” The ballet Giselle, based on a text by German-Jewish writer Heinrich Heine and first performed in Paris in 1841, is offered as an example of how clashing and ambiguous Jewish identities were and still are articulated, negated, and subverted in dance. The essay traces the way in which the conflict between religion and secularism played out throughout the nineteenth century and has been present in identity debates ever since. Various philosophical ideas (those of Moses Mendelssohn, for instance) and aesthetic strands (specifically the national romanticism in Prussia and Germany) drove the understanding of being Jewish in Germany and several European countries. These concepts are examined, as well as their influence on the theater as an institution of the public sphere.
Raising Cain
Authors: Goldberg K. Meira
Published: March 2022

“Blood purity” legislated Spain’s vast American empire, condemning non-Christians—Jews and Muslims, Africans and Native Americans alike—to exile, bondage, and extirpation. Raza (“race”) signified the—invisible, because carried in the blood—Blackness of religious difference. Cast onto the surface of the skin, raza metastacized into the racist economic and social structures that plague the Atlantic world today. Yet in its homeland raza engendered a society wracked by anxieties about false identity, for the consequences of pretending to be another were indeed terrible. Flamenco performs these riddles of identity, the crux of Spain’s conceptualizations of race. Seeming to perform the Christian virtue which founds Spain’s Whiteness, flamencos cannily perform being who they are not—signifying racial instability instead. Like the Jews, flamencos claim agency and subjectivity—stubbornly claim to be Chosen. Yet, to put it in terms of the biblical story of brother murdering brother over a stolen birthright, if flamenco performs identity as feigned, who then is Cain and who is Abel? Who is Chosen and who is outcast? Flamenco seems to perform harmonious Christian universalism and belonging, yet it vibrates with the murderous rage and howling desolation of Abel’s heretically discordant, outcast twin. Skeptical of its own performative surface, flamenco vibrates with the “alienation and distance” that for performance theorist and poet Fred Moten “represent the critical possibility of freedom.” In this chapter the author reflects on her own Jewish identity as a portal through which to step into creative and ethical alignment with flamenco’s radical fugitivity.
Reclaiming my Jewish Yemenite Heritage
Authors: Cohen Ze’eva
Published: March 2022

In this chapter Ze’eva Cohen, a second-generation Israeli of Yemenite-Jewish descent raised in a European Ashkenazi neighborhood in Tel Aviv and steeped in Western culture with training in modern dance and classical ballet, elaborates on why and how it became relevant and possible to connect with her Yemenite heritage late in her career and outside of Israel. The chapter considers issues of cultural and artistic hierarchies, intercultural identity, and the integration of traditional and contemporary sensibilities. It discusses choreographic approaches and themes as well as key movements in several of the author’s works as they relate to her heritage and training in the context of her long career as a performer and choreographer.
Introduction
Authors: Jackson Naomi M.
Published: March 2022

The introduction begins with an overview of the foundations of the academic field of Jewish dance studies. It is meant to acknowledge the incredible work that has been done to 2020 and demonstrate how these efforts inform the Handbook. As part of this discussion an important shift is documented in conceptualizing (and languaging) the field from its inception to the date of publication. Providing the larger contextual frame is critical for understanding the conceptual orientation of the volume. Drawing on this history, the choice of the term “Jewishness” in the title, rather than Judaism or other terminology related to specific Jewish traditions (such as Israeli, Yemenite, Yiddish, and so on), is then explained. The historical record also provides the means for delineating what areas are addressed in the Handbook as well as those that have already been well-covered and consequently not emphasized here. Next, we address the structure of the Handbook and an explanation for its tripartite organization. Finally, we look forward, considering what gaps and questions remain, and our hopes for the future of the field.
Excavating Holocaust History
Authors: Rossen Rebecca
Published: March 2022

In 1994, choreographer Tamar Rogoff created an immersive, site-specific performance in Ivye, Belarus, in a forest surrounding the mass grave where 2,500 Jews (among them her own relatives) were slaughtered in 1942. This chapter considers how Rogoff used dance to excavate her family’s history alongside the submerged history of Ivye’s Jews. Rogoff’s The Ivye Project provides an astute commentary on the emotional and political process by which historical events can be forgotten or concealed. The endeavor also shines a light on the role that dance and performance can play in the representation and transmission of Jewish history and memory. Interweaving performance, community engagement, archival research, and oral history, Rogoff’s Ivye Project transcended time, space, and national borders to stage life, loss and, ultimately, recovery.
Embodied Identification and Social Exchange
Authors: Roginsky Dina
Published: March 2022

Relying on ethnographic, historic, and sociological analysis, this chapter explores Israeli folk dancing in the heart of New York City as a case study for both embodied identification with Israel, and as an arena for social exchange between Israeli immigrants and American Jews. Focusing on the dancing practice, the emotional experience in participants’ life stories, and the cultural history of the Israeli folk dance movement throughout the twentieth century, this chapter reveals both the personal and the institutional implications of this activity. On one hand Israeli folk dancing can be seen as an expression of “banal nationalism,” operating as a tool for Jewish education, socialization, and romanticization of the state of Israel. On the other hand, as the national and the personal merge into one embodied experience, this dynamic practice becomes deeply intertwined in people’s lives and fulfills different desires.
Unfixing Folk Dance
Authors: Pappas Rebecca , Moore Avia , Levinson Eileen
Published: March 2022

Folk dance is a contested site. It is often seen as providing cultural unity and keeping memory alive across generations and yet it is also a rich space in which to remix, reinterpret, and re-envision Jewish experience. The two selections in this chapter explore some of the challenges and potential of folk dance, examining the ways in which an embodied repertoire is present on the dance floor. Yiddish dance provides a rare space for individuals and communities to learn about and celebrate Jewish culture in a body-centric way. How can diverse notions of Jewish folk dance continue to provide continuity while making room for changing sensibilities, cultures, technologies, and bodies?
Into the Light
Authors: Szporer Philip
Published: March 2022

This chapter brings the Shabbat candle-lighting ritual and the notion of communitas into a central relationship, and looks at how the 1001 Lights installation, co-created by the author and Marlene Millar, considers these ideas. The chapter details the author’s personal history and connection to candle-lighting, the process by which the installation was conceived, and the author’s background in the field of dance-film. The chapter proposes that the act of candle-lighting and the content of the installation, including documentary footage as well as interpretative hand choreography, provide a site for transformative reflection.
Felix Fibich and Torqueing as a Central Motif in Modern Male Subjectivity
Authors: Jackson Naomi M. , Gereboff Joel , Weintraub Steven Lee
Published: March 2022

This chapter examines the life and art of Polish-born Jewish actor and dancer Felix Fibich as a rich example of the intersection of discourses about the Jewish body, movement, the emotions, and dance in the twentieth century. Fibich devoted his life to performing, analyzing, and preserving “Jewish movement,” which he believed was the direct reflection of a unique Jewish character. The chapter demonstrates how the specific image and enactment of the torqued, angular body, defined by twists and oppositional pulls in space, provides a powerful modernist mapping of Jewish male subjectivity that migrated from Eastern Europe to the United States, and also of the struggle for transcendence in the face of adversity. Frequently represented in popular culture in a simplistic and stereotyped manner, this richly conceived perspective of the dancing Jewish body provides important insights into shifting ideas about the relationship between Jewish souls, bodies, and emotions.
Indigenous Gender Intersubjectivities
Authors: Carlson Bronwyn , Kennedy Tristan , Farrell Andrew
Published: March 2022

Indigenous Peoples’ lived reality of gender is explicitly tied to the ongoing colonial project in Australia. This chapter considers the everyday world as problematic, and in doing so examines the lived experiences of Indigenous Peoples’ gender expression and identities and the politics of colonial gender norms. The chapter proposes an approach that challenges Western constructs and centers the standpoint of the agent in everyday life. Drawing on contemporary Indigenous gender studies and sociology literature, this chapter offers an innovative approach to decolonizing Indigenous bodies. Working from this premise, the authors recognize Indigenous Peoples as sovereign agents in the everyday.
Social Ethics for Ecological and Community Resilience
Authors: Keith Heather E.
Published: March 2022

As much as, or perhaps more than, any other American pragmatist, Jane Addams was committed to using her philosophic work to increase the quality of life of local and global stakeholders and to solve the great problems of her time. Perhaps the most impactful, global, and insidious problems of our time are the effects, often inequitable, on social and natural communities from climate change and other environmental disasters. This chapter examines Addams’ social ethics, pragmatist feminism, proto-ecofeminism, and community activism and her potential influence on environmental values and practice in strengthening community and ecosystem resilience, including in concepts such as ecofeminist, land ethic, and wicked problems approaches, and practices such as movements and organizations that motivate and mobilize people to act in the interest of environmental goods. This chapter argues that we can fruitfully apply Addams’s theoretical work to reimagining our connection with and commitment to the more-than-human world, and her social work and community organizing to promoting environmental justice and equality, and preventing and mitigating environmental catastrophes, such as the effects of climate change, on our communities and planet.
Public Administration and Social Equity
Authors: Heckler Nuri
Published: March 2022

Since its founding, the self-conscious study of public administration withdrew from many difficult questions on the argument that normative issues were primarily the responsibility of the democratic process. This was a direct rejection of Jane Addams’s intertwining of moral philosophy and public service at Hull House and in the political sphere. In her writings she views public service as unavoidably political and argues for prioritizing social justice in governance. Her understanding of social justice is closely aligned to what public-administration scholars refer to as social equity. This chapter argues that Addams’s emphasis on the feminine aspects of public service, her adoption of the social gospel as a normative lodestone, and her activism simultaneously diminished her influence on public-administration scholarship and amplified her influence on public-administration practice. Addams’s ideas have entered every sector of governance through her influence over policy making, her setting the standard for nonprofit community engagement, and the long echo of her activism. Understanding contemporary public administration requires understanding Addams’s influence on it and on social equity particularly. As Addams’s legacy drove public administration forward in the last century, social-equity researchers now need to catch up.
The Constitution of Argentina
Authors: Bertomeu Juan F. González
Published: March 2022

This chapter provides an introduction to the origins, role, and structure of the Argentine constitution, consisting of the text but also some interpretations of, and expectations around, it. It is divided into three parts. The first delves into the origins of constitutionalism in Argentina. It reviews previous attempts at stabilizing political life through constitutional law, and discusses the process leading to the 1853 constitution as well as the constitution’s underlying philosophy, ideational origins, main tenets, and reception. The second part analyses the constitution’s role in political life, and reviews the amendments made to it. The final part is devoted to the constitution’s main building blocks. It focuses on the structure of the political branches, the territorial organization of power, the judiciary, and constitutional rights.
Paraguay
Authors: Mendonça Daniel , Mendonça Juan Carlos
Published: March 2022

This chapter presents a brief history of Paraguayan constitutionalism in the broadest political and cultural context. It shows that it would be absurd to deny that the vicissitudes of Paraguayan constitutionalism have been in direct contact with the vicissitudes of its politics, rights, and morals, even and mainly in those cases in which the constitution was simulated or overtly violated; just as it would be in vain to deny that the country requires today, as it did yesterday, a better constitutional document to frame the entire cultural life, understanding culture as the catalogue of answers that provides a people with a catalogue of problems.
The 2009 Bolivian Constitution
Authors: Braver Joshua
Published: March 2022

The ‘people’ are the ultimate source of authority for a constitution. But who are ‘the people’? The danger is that populist leaders will define the people as one segment of the population that is unbound by law to create a new constitution that centralizes power in the leader’s own hands. This is exactly what happened with the creations of the 1999 Venezuelan and 2008 Ecuadorian constitutions. In many ways, Bolivia is a sister country to Venezuela and Ecuador. However, unlike the Venezuelan and Ecuadorian Constitutions, the 2009 Bolivian Constitution has reasonable levels of checks and balances and respect for the rule of law. I trace Bolivia’s divergence to its peculiar constitution-making process and how that process embodies a profound theory of constituent power, that is the relationship between law and ‘the people’ in constitution-making. Bolivia illuminates an alternative idea of the people’s relationship to law that I call ‘extraordinary adaptation’. In it, law is simultaneously transcended to break with the past and drawn upon to ensure the inclusion of multiple actors. Even as many of the specific rules of the old institutions are bent, reinterpreted, or broken, those institutions are still ‘extraordinarily adapted’ to regulate the creation of the new constitution. The process may violate a law to realize a new beginning, but it does not plunge the country into a legal abyss. It may be illegal, but it is not lawless. The illegality must be principled in three ways: (1) The violator must exhaust all other legal channels; (2) openly acknowledge the violation in search of popular vindication, and (3) concede enough to the opposition so that it may begrudgingly acquiesce to the new constitution. This liminal legal space constructs a plural people that may realize their freedom to break with the past but still stave off the establishment of semi-authoritarian constitutions.
Courts and Judicial Independence
Authors: Taylor Matthew M.
Published: March 2022

This chapter deals with the issue of judicial independence in Latin America. It argues that independence has—on the whole—been increasing in Latin America, bringing with it a judicial system that is at the service of local democracy. However, increasing independence also raises a number of challenges. Because judicial independence is inherently political, it is subject to a variety of subtle constraints that are particularly salient under the conditions of inequality, elite domination, and partisan conflict that prevail in the region. Second, independence is only one of several desiderata for courts, and greater independence has not always been matched by greater efficacy, efficiency, or the overall rule of law. Third, judicial accountability does not necessarily mean constraints on judicial independence, but many judges find it useful to portray any effort to impose controls on wages and budgets, or to push for more efficient courts, as an effort to curtail independence.
Courts, Strategic Litigation, and Social Change
Authors: Rodríguez-Franco Diana , Rodríguez-Garavito César
Published: March 2022

This chapter analyses the impact of institutional adjudication by focusing on the work of the Colombian Constitutional Court. Drawing on an extended case study of the implementation of Judgment T-025 of 2004 (T25) concerning internally displaced persons, it contributes to unpacking the black box of implementation and the impact of structural rulings on the fulfilment of socio-economic rights and social change more broadly. Methodologically, T25 constitutes what Goertz and Mahoney call a ‘substantively important case’, that is, ‘an ideal type or well-known exemplar of a phenomenon’, which offers insights into the workings of adjudication and strategic litigation in similar cases not only in Latin America, but also in other jurisdictions such as India and South Africa, whose apex courts have taken up structural cases.
Access to Justice
Authors: Cunha Luciana Gross
Published: March 2022

Access to justice in Latin America has undergone substantial changes in the recent history of the region. With few exceptions, these changes accompanied the process of political transition to democracy. These changes range from the incorporation of new procedural instruments, through the constitutionalization of rights and new designs of the justice system, and even by the creation of alternative forms of conflict resolution and incorporation of principles inspired by international treaties, such as the reasonable duration of the process. This chapter presents an overview of the main institutional transformations in Latin American countries that have had an impact on access to justice. Although most of the examples refer to the Brazilian case, the studies about the region show that similar process has happened in other Latin American countries.
The Constitution of Brazil in Context
Authors: Afonso da Silva Virgílio , Pereira Thomaz
Published: March 2022

This chapter aims to introduce the fundamental institutional features of the current Brazilian constitutional regime. The 1988 Brazilian Constitution is, simultaneously (i) a product of a continuing history with characteristics that reflect mainstream political ideas that have been part of the Brazilian constitutional debates for more than two centuries, and have been also present in past constitutional texts; (ii) a pragmatic response to past troubling experiences and institutional failures, reacting to some recurrent issues in Brazilian—and, more broadly, Latin American—political history with different institutional design solutions; and (iii) the specific political outcome of a long and negotiated democratic transition and a political diverse Constituent Assembly in which many divergent and, sometimes, conflicting interests were represented.
Multicultural Constitutions
Authors: Bonilla Maldonado Daniel
Published: March 2022

This chapter aims to describe and analyse the conceptual and legal structure of multicultural Latin American constitutions. It seeks to present and examine the axes that shape the normative framework that recognizes cultural difference and the way in which intercultural relations are regulated. To achieve this, it offers three theses. First, it argues that Latin American multicultural constitutions can be divided into two groups: liberal constitutions and radical constitutions. Second, it argues that the two groups of multicultural constitutions are structured by the grammar of modern constitutionalism. Third, despite their common conceptual framework, radical constitutions differ from the liberal ones in terms of the detail, precision, and importance of the legal norms that regulate cultural diversity. These constitutions also include two elements beyond the grammar of modern constitutionalism: the idea of good living and the rights of nature.
Prisoners’ Rights
Authors: Rocha Machado Maíra
Published: March 2022

This chapter aims to identify how Constitutional texts refer to the prison population, considering both the content of rights and guarantees, as well as suspensions and exceptions established for persons deprived of freedom. It first presents the results of a survey of the laws contained in the current Constitutions of Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru, which are the four countries with the highest number of incarcerated persons in Latin America, surpassing a total of one million people. The focus on constitutional laws, however, does not allow for observation of the repertoire of prisoners’ rights that are a part of the infra-constitutional legislation of these countries, or provided for in instruments developed starting in the mid-twentieth century, within the scope of UN and the OAS. Therefore, this research is concerned with analyzing only the norms explicitly included in the constitutional text of these countries. The third part of the text addresses the way Constitutional Courts, particularly in Brazil and Colombia, have been facing this issue in the context of the ‘state of unconstitutional affairs’ doctrine.
Constitutional History of the Colombian Paradox (1886–2016)
Authors: Barreto-Rozo Antonio
Published: March 2022

Analysts believe that down the thorny path of its history, Colombia suffered from a number of ‘geological faults’: institutional weakness, the agrarian question, the fateful mixture of politics and war, drug-trafficking, uncontrolled mining, economic, social, political, and cultural inequities, which have left a deep scar in the physical distribution of the territory with hostile geography. All of them are factors which are frequently invoked. However, if all that is true, how can Colombia be one of the most stable democracies in the region? The existence of these pronounced contrasts of different kinds; the asymmetry that divides Colombian society into centre and periphery; the geography which is the setting of the armed conflict, drug-trafficking, clientelism, and the forgotten rural areas—all of them come together to make what has been called the ‘Colombian Paradox’. This chapter aims to help explain the paradox. Its framework combines historical reference points with constitutional parameters, to find out why it exists and persists, and how a course could be plotted to be rid of it.
Sex Equality
Authors: Jaramillo Sierra Isabel Cristina
Published: March 2022

The last twenty years or so have witnessed crucial innovations in Latin America regarding constitutional design: from Argentina’s constitutionalizing of international law in 1994 to Ecuador and Bolivia’s consecration of good living as a constitutional principle. However, sex discrimination, as an argument, has just started to take root in legal mobilization and adjudication throughout the region. This chapter maps out these interventions to highlight the building blocks for the feminist constitutionalism to come, while acknowledging that constitutions have been hostile environments for women and that there have been good reasons for women to stay away. It starts by providing an account of how sex equality is mandated in the text of Latin American constitutions. It then describes the ways in which Courts have used sex equality in cases involving constitutional decisions. Finally, it describes three strategies used by feminist organizations to harness the power of constitutions to better the lives of women.
The Right to Health
Authors: Yamin Alicia Ely
Published: March 2022

This chapter focuses on the judicialization of health rights in Latin America. It begins by outlining the constitutional provisions in relation to health rights in five countries: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, and Mexico. It then turns to experiences with judicial enforcement of health rights in the region. After briefly setting out some context for the intense use of individual judicial actions, it explores the potential opportunities and challenges of dialogical remedies as a response to structural failures in the health system, based upon a case study of the most sweeping structural decision to date in this area, T-760/08, in which the Colombian Constitutional Court called for reform of the health system based upon the right to health. It concludes that while dialogical remedies can potentially foster dialogue with the executive as well as shifts in political actions regarding health as a right. There are significant limitations to the extent to which judiciaries can destabilize the steep asymmetries of information and power within segmented and marketized health sectors, and catalyse greater democratic control over the broader political economies of health in the region.
A View from Western Europe
Authors: Hailbronner Michaela
Published: March 2022

Latin American and European lawyers share many things: a civil law tradition; past experience with authoritarianism and massive human rights violations; an activist approach to adjudication taken by many contemporary Latin American and European tribunals; and a commitment to supra-national legal integration. However, Latin American constitutionalism also looks incredibly different to Western European eyes. For instance, it represents a constitutionalism confronted on a near-daily basis with high levels of poverty and political violence, grappling not infrequently with the challenge how to address populist or even authoritarian regimes. This chapter addresses European and Latin American conceptions of law in the context of addressing structural problems, focusing on the role of judicial remedies. It then connects this with some first thoughts on what kind of questions and issues seem worth exploring when asking how lawyers might confront populism in Europe and Latin America
Dionysius from Niketas Stethatos to Gregory the Sinaite (and Gregory Palamas)
Authors: Rigo Antonio
Published: March 2022

In demonstrating that the influence of Dionysius did not expire with the early Byzantine period, this essay will examine the correlation of divine and ecclesiastical hierarchies in Niketas Stethatos, the correlation of different hierarchies with the elements of the Eucharist in Gregory the Sinaite, the efforts of eleventh-century monks to reconcile the ecclesiology of the Dionysian corpus with their own belief in the superiority of monks to priests, and the influence in the later Byzantine world of the Areopagite’s image of the circular movement of the soul. In other words, the Corpus Dionysiacum did not influence Byzantine mysticism in all of its historical phases. On the contrary, prior to Niketas Stethatos (eleventh century) and Gregory the Sinaite (fourteenth century) the presence of Dionysius in the spiritual authors was either indirect (through Maximus the Confessor) or absent (as in the case of John Climacus).
Pletho and Dionysius
Authors: Steiris Georgios
Published: March 2022

According to Georgios Gemistos ‘Pletho’, politics should be established on true philosophy and mirror the cosmic order. Pletho interprets politically his ontotheology, by presenting a popularized metaphysical order in close connection to Pseudo Dionysius, in order to enhance the sociopolitical value of his programme. His works prove that he was a proficient theologian. However, his sociopolitical vision supersedes Christian religion. Pletho realized that the Christian religion is not adequate for the establishment of a well-ordered state that would promote supreme happiness. Consequently, he turned to a brand of monotheism which combines pagan and Abrahamic elements. Pletho’s idiosyncratic syncretism had enough room for Pseudo Dionysius.
Hugh of St Victor and Dionysius
Authors: Rorem Paul
Published: March 2022

The main Dionysian themes of hierarchy (angelic and human), negative theology (the apophatic with the cataphatic), and the anagogical interpretation of Scripture and liturgy are all missing from Hugh of St Victor’s writings, outside of his extensive commentary on the Celestial Hierarchy. Insofar as these are distinctive features of the Dionysian corpus and of its legacy, as in Eriugena, Hugh is not a Dionysian, but rather an Augustinian, albeit one launching his own Victorine variation. Thus, as Dominique Poirel has said of Suger (of St Denis), Hugh read Dionysius but he did not truly assimilate his thought.
Dionysius in Dante
Authors: Edwards Mark
Published: March 2022

This essay considers both explicit and implicit use of Dionysius in the works of Dante. The most explicit use occurs in the Convivio, where Dante shows knowledge only of the Celestial Hierarchy in his discussion of the order and activity of the angels. In the Paradiso, the Celestial Hierarchy is once more the only work to which he openly alludes (having been emboldened by Aquas to prefer the Dionysian ranking of angels to that of Gregory the Great); at the same time, allusions to the doctrine and imagery of the Divine Names are also discernible, though Dante may be as reluctant as Aquinas to admit that the intellect is wholly extinguished even in the closest approximation to God.
The Carthusians and the Cloud of Unknowing
Authors: Tyler Peter
Published: March 2022

This essay explores the reception of the Dionysian corpus within the climate of thirteenth- and fourteenth-century Western culture and its subsequent interpretation in the development of the affective spirituality that will form the basis of the late medieval theologia mystica. As such it spans the period between the Victorine interpretations in the Parisian schools of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries and anticipates the development of late medieval/early Renaissance affective spirituality in the West. To this end the chapter concentrates on the reception and subsequent interpretation of the corpus in two key sets of texts: the anonymous work of the English author of the Cloud of Unknowing and that of the Carthusian writer, Hugh of Balma, in particular his Viae Lugent Sion. In considering these two sets of texts the chapter explores the development of what has been termed ‘affective Dionysianism’ and concludes with a short footnote on how this will subsequently feed into the development of early modern affective spirituality.
Marsilio Ficino and the Dionysian Corpus
Authors: Edwards Mark , Allen Michael
Published: March 2022

This essay examines the aims and methods of the Renaissance Platonist Marsilio Ficino in his translations of the Mystical Theology and the Divine Names. Acknowledging that Ficino would have regarded himself at all times as a Christian, it argues that he nonetheless tends to assimilate the thought of Dionysius to that of Proclus, whose Commentary on the Parmenides he was translating concurrently with the Divine Names. This assimilation is particularly apparent in his remarks on the Dionysian angels, whom he tends to identify with the lower epiphanies of the divine that were known to Platonists as daemons, and in his understanding of eros or love, a term which in him almost always denotes the soul’s aspiration to God whereas Dionysius uses it almost exclusively of God’s condescension to the world.
Valla and Erasmus on the Dionysian Question
Authors: Robichaud Denis J.-J.
Published: March 2022

This essay examines Lorenzo Valla’s and Erasmus’ philological and historical arguments that the Corpus Dionysiacum is pseudepigraphic. The first part surveys the long history of doubts about the authenticity of the Corpus Dionysiacum from the early sixth century until some of Valla’s contemporaries, including Pietro Balbi, Cardinal Cusanus (Nicholas of Cusa), Cardinal Bessarion, Theodore Gaza, and George of Trebizond, began considering the Platonism of the Corpus Dionysiacum in the mid-fifteenth century. The second part examines all of Valla’s arguments about the pseudepigraphic nature of the corpus in his Collatio Novi Testamenti and Encomion S. Thomae Aquinatis. The third part turns to Erasmus’s extensive writings on the Corpus Dionysiacum and ancient forgeries. It discusses Erasmus’ knowledge and publication of Valla’s writings as well as Erasmus’ own arguments that the corpus was the deliberate forgery of a deceitful impostor. This section also evaluates all known evidence for William Grocyn’s reported doubts about the authenticity of the Corpus Dionysiacum. Finally, it turns to the religious controversies in which Erasmus’ writings on Pseudo-Dionysius became involved. The facts, that the king and parliament of France had to intervene in these disputes with Noël Béda, Josse Clichtove, and the Catholic faculty of theology in Paris, and that Erasmus was forced to fight accusations that his conclusions were Lutheran demonstrate what was at stake in Erasmus’ answer to the Dionysian Question.
Philo and Clement of Alexandria
Authors: Bucur Bogdan G.
Published: March 2022

This essay studies Clement and Philo as authors in a common Alexandrian tradition who anticipate the negative theology of Dionysius. The first section on transcendence and immanence argues that, while Philo and Clement both exemplify the practice of describing God through negatives which is characteristic of the middle Platonists, Clement goes beyond his pagan models in asserting that God is known through what he is not. Again Clement marries Philo’s understanding of the Logos as the sum of divine powers with the Johannine doctrine of Christ as Logos, and Dionysius follows him in making Christology the key to revelation. Clement also anticipates Dionysius, in thought if not in word, when he represents deification as the ascent of the soul through hierarchically ordered levels of knowledge and being, though Dionysius may be more severe in his differentiation of humans and angels.
On the Theology of Dionysius
Authors: Geréby György
Published: March 2022

After a brief review of the contrasting positions taken by Dörrie, Meijering, and De Vogel with regard to the compatibility of Platonism and Christianity, this essay tests the Dionysian corpus on Dörrie’s criteria, and finds that its Christianity differs in significant ways from Neoplatonism. It goes on to suggest that concentration on metaphysical issues has obscured some distinctive lines of argument in the Dionysian corpus, particularly the association of eschatology with an understanding of God’s providential action in history. A recognition of this element reinforces the general consensus of scholarship that Dionysius is in important ways a Christian author, whatever his relation to Platonism; it also requires us to qualify R. F. Hathaway’s assertion that his Neoplatonism prevented his developing a political philosophy.
Origen, Evagrius, and Dionysius
Authors: Ramelli Ilaria L.E.
Published: March 2022

On the basis of rich evidence, this essay argues for a strong, pervasive influence of Origen on the Corpus Dionysiacum, but also of Evagrius. The essay suggests the presence of specific allusions (veiled or more direct) to Origen in the Corpus. Origen’s influence is demonstrated to range from specific details to larger motifs and clusters of ideas, from theology and philosophy to exegesis, allegoresis, and mysticism. Origen’s On First Principles, Commentary on John, and Commentary on the Song of Songs seem to be among the most influential works on Dionysius, along with Evagrius’ Kephalaia Gnostika. Dionysius, at least in the Greek edition that is available to us, emerges as a profoundly Origenian thinker, more than radically Origenistic.
Ethical Approaches to Cybersecurity
Authors: Macnish Kevin , van der Ham Jeroen
Published: March 2022

This chapter examines current research on cybersecurity ethics. It frames this around three different approaches to the subject. The first (‘bottom up’) considers ethical issues arising in different case studies and developing groupings of these issues, such as those relating to privacy, those to security, etc. The second approach (‘pragmatist’) considers ethical approaches currently used in cybersecurity practice, focusing on the confidentiality, integrity, availability (CIA) triad. The third approach (‘top down’) takes its starting point as broader ethical theories, which are then applied to cybersecurity. The authors present a novel top-down approach, defining security as the inverse of risk and then drawing on recent literature on the ethics of risk. The chapter concludes with a review of the strengths and weaknesses of each approach.
Origen’s Commentaries on the Old Testament
Authors: Niehoff Maren R.
Published: March 2022

Origen was a prolific commentator on the Old Testament from the beginning of his career in Alexandria until his later days in Caesarea. While his hermeneutics echo terms of Alexandrian scholarship and have often been interpreted in this context, Jewish interpreters were crucial discussion partners who must not be overlooked. Philo of Alexandria provided important hermeneutic tools by mediating Homeric methods and Bible exegesis. In Caesarea rabbinic scholars, who were also familiar with Hellenistic hermeneutics, often engaged in conversation and polemic with Origen, thus prompting continued scholarly and religious exchange.
Origen’s Eschatology
Authors: McGuckin J. A.
Published: March 2022

The author of this chapter observes that Origen was the first architect of systematized eschatology. Origen’s spiritual exegesis on New Testament texts transformed ‘last things’ (which in the New Testament corpus had hitherto been a discrete but unorganized part of the apocalyptic heritage) into a cosmic plan of salvation encompassing metaphysics, ontology, cosmology, and ethics. Origen balances a reliance on the Church’s ‘rule of faith’ (Regula Fidei—or basic credal structures), on the one hand, and his magisterial school-style of proposing open-ended questions and a range of possible answers on the other, the author tracks Origen’s views on the End, the Afterlife, Judgement, and Resurrection and beatitude.
The Transmission of Origen From Athanasius to the Cappadocians
Authors: Louth Andrew
Published: March 2022

Tracing Origen’s influence in the fourth century is constrained by the realization that our knowledge of Origen derives from the fourth century itself, thus already affected by its controversies. We have to project backwards from what we know of fourth-century theology to a presumed Origenian original: a hazardous task. Athanasius, in his Contra Gentes and De Incarnatione, manifests the influence of Origen primarily in his essentially contemplative understanding of what it is to be human. The principal evidence of Origenist influence in this century is the Origenian anthology, the Philokalia, arguably drawn up by Basil and Gregory of Nazianzus, which sets forth a Christocentric understanding of Scripture and the coinherence of divine providence and human free will. Gregory of Nyssa constitutes the most profound engagement with Origen, exploring the consequences of divine infinity and the essentially finite nature of the human, fulfilled in never-ending progress.
The Contribution of Pierre-Daniel Huet to the Modern Study of Origen
Authors: Rapetti Elena
Published: March 2022

With his Origeniana, Pierre-Daniel Huet undoubtedly reached the peak of Origenian studies in the seventeenth century. This chapter, first of all, aims at tracing the sequence of events which led Huet to the edition of his Origenis in sacras Scripturas Commentaria (1668), the first comprehensive corpus of the Greek Origen, containing the Greek exegetical writings of the Alexandrian scholar. The chapter subsequently focuses on the critical analysis and interpretation of Origen’s thought conducted by Huet in his Origeniana. Furthermore, it explores and discusses some vexed questions which agitated and divided scholars at that time: the invocation of the angels, the Eucharist, the issues of freedom and grace, and the Trinity were at the centre of the debates between Catholics and Protestants and between Jesuits and Jansenists. The purpose of this chapter is to clarify Huet’s role with reference to the seventeenth-century rediscovery of Origen Adamantius, by reconstructing the historical background behind the composition of the Origeniana.
The Contribution of Bernhard Neuschäfer’s Origenes ALS Philologe
Authors: Rodriguez-Galarza Gerardo
Published: March 2022

Bernhard Neuschäfer’s Origene als Philologe remains an influential reference point in the study of Origen. Neuschäfer builds on understudied observations regarding Origen’s philological skills. Along with Ilsetraut Hadot’s 1987 study, Neuschäfer’s work provides additional evidence for Origen’s works as the earliest surviving texts that applied known Greco-Roman textual commentary prologue genre analysis. Neuschäfer demonstrates how Origen, in his exegesis of biblical books and passages, integrates his Christian beliefs with his commitment to meeting the standards of critical philological analysis from Stoic and classical Greek scholars. This chapter provides a synthesis of Neuschäfer’s insights and lasting contributions through subsequent studies on Origen.
Origen’s Indebtedness to Clement of Alexandria
Authors: van den Hoek Annewies
Published: March 2022

The author of this chapter raises the question of how lines of influence can be traced when a tradition has not yet solidified into a body of teachings that can be handed down. She proposes that the outlines of an emerging tradition/school can be discerned in the literary genres that are chosen or invented, and in the subjects or topics singled out for treatment. Her comparison of the literary output of Clement and Origen notes the commonalties in the titles of their works—Stromateis, lost works on Proverbs, treatises on Genesis (Origen’s lost, Clement’s planned) and works on prayer, martyrdom and the passion. In these titles and topics the outline of a tradition can be recognized. It is Origen’s exegetical projects and his interest in the LXX that mark a new starting point.
Origen’s Use of Philo Judaeus
Authors: Rogers Justin M.
Published: March 2022

The challenge for the author of this chapter in tracing the influence of Philo on Origen is the dearth of evidence for how his works were transmitted (though the widespread use of Philo suggests a widely used Philonic tradition) and the fact that Philo’s name is rarely cited, though there is more evidence for Origen’s anonymous borrowing from Philo. The chapter shows that the evidence of Philonic influence is easier to trace in Origen’s exegetical use of etymologies, arithmology, and allegory. Philo’s influence is even greater on Origen’s doctrines. Philo had already developed the notion of the pre-existence of souls, the distinction between intelligible and sensible creation, and the connection between growth in knowledge and ethical progress. Yet Philo is rarely credited with the enormous creativity these contributions represent.
New constraints on the neutron-star mass and radius relation from terrestrial nuclear experiments
Authors: Sotani Hajime , Nishimura Nobuya , Naito Tomoya
Published: March 2022

The determination of the equation of state (EOS) for nuclear matter has been one of the biggest problems in nuclear astrophysics, because the EOS is essential for determining the properties of neutron stars. To constrain the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy, several nuclear experiments, e.g., reported by the SπRIT and PREX-II Collaborations, have recently been performed. However, since their uncertainties are still large, additional constraints such as astronomical observations are crucial. In addition, it is interesting to see the effect of their reported values on neutron-star properties. In this study, focusing on a relatively lower-density region, we investigate the allowed area of the neutron-star mass and radius relation by assuming the constraints from SπRIT and PREX-II. Each region predicted by these experiments is still consistent with the allowed area constrained by the various astronomical observations. Our results show that terrestrial nuclear experiments must provide further constraints on the EOS for neutron stars, complementing astronomical observations.
Neutrino oscillation phenomenology and the impact of Professor Masatoshi Koshiba
Authors: Yasuda Osamu
Published: March 2022

Neutrino oscillation phenomenology is briefly reviewed, and the impact of the late Professor Masatoshi Koshiba on research on the neutrino oscillation is discussed from the viewpoint of phenomenology.