bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the sustainability of small hydropower sites in the Citarum Watershed, Indonesia employing CA-Markov and SWAT models
Authors: Pranoto Bono , Hartulistiyoso Edy , Aidi Muhammad Nur , Sutrisno Dewayany , Nahib Irmadi , Purwono Nugroho , Hudayat Nurul , Rais Achmad Fahruddin , Rahmila Yulizar Ihrami
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the sustainability of potential small hydropower sites within the Citarum Watershed in West Java, Indonesia. The Citarum River, with a catchment area of 6,090 km2, plays a crucial role in regional water supply and hydroelectric power generation. However, environmental challenges such as deforestation, land use changes, and sedimentation pose significant risks. We employed the CA-Markov model integrated with IDRISI TerrSet software and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool to predict future land use changes and assess water supply, soil erosion, and sedimentation impacts for 2030 and 2040. The analysis revealed diverse trends in water yield across different catchment areas, with some regions showing increased water availability and others facing declines. High erosion and sedimentation rates were identified as critical issues affecting hydropower efficiency. The study highlights the need for comprehensive watershed management strategies, including reforestation, sustainable land management practices, and sediment management, to enhance the sustainability of small hydropower projects. Our findings underscore the importance of integrating environmental considerations into hydropower development to ensure the ecological integrity of the Citarum Watershed.
Lexical and stylistic features in the written media
Authors: Cani Irena
Published: September 2024

This paper discusses several lexical and stylistic features that were commonly used in the Albanian press during a period of 30 years (1960-1990) as part of the national ideology and propaganda in communist Albania. This study is based on a large corpus of Albanian newspapers, magazines, and other speeches of the most notable Albanian communist leaders of the time. In recent decades there have been few linguistic studies in Albania that chose to explore the connection between language and totalitarianism. The study of totalitarian language in all its aspects gives us a lot of material to explore the effects of a certain political situation and the ideologization of public discourse on language (especially on the language of the media) and its lexical means. In this work, I focus on the identification of the predominant lexical and stylistic features and finding links between language as a tool of communication and power maintenance and totalitarianism as a political system, to show language abuse and its usage as a tool of propaganda.
Management of professional communication skill training for primary school teachers in Duong Kinh District, Hai Phong City
Authors: Lua Dinh Thi , Hoi Vu Thi
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the management of professional communication skill training for primary school teachers in Duong Kinh District, Hai Phong City, with the aim of fostering a happier school environment. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative data from structured questionnaires and qualitative insights from interviews and focus groups. The results show that 78% of participants attend communication skill training at least annually, but only 45% of teachers engage in these sessions more frequently, indicating a gap in training regularity. The effectiveness of the training programs varies, with principals and subject heads generally reporting higher effectiveness compared to teachers. Although 72% of respondents recognize a positive impact on the school environment, including improved classroom management and staff relations, 20% find the training to be of limited relevance or impact. Qualitative findings reveal challenges such as limited resources, insufficient time for training, and inconsistent staff commitment. The study identifies the need for more interactive and context-specific training to address these issues. Recommendations for improving training effectiveness include increasing awareness of the importance of communication skills, enhancing needs assessments, setting specific and relevant training goals, improving content and delivery methods, and creating supportive working conditions.
UJI EFISIENSI ANODA KORBAN PADUAN ALUMINIUM DAN ZINC MENGGUNAKAN STANDAR UJI DNV RP-B401 TERHADAP VARIASI TEMPERATUR ELEKTROLIT
Authors: Rohmannudin Tubagus Noor , Sulistijono Sulistijono , Kusuma Willy Deviet , Sitorus Grace Aghata
Published: September 2024

Corrosion is a decrease in metal quality caused by electrochemical reactions with the surrounding environment. Corrosion is destructive, dangerous, and can cause great losses. Corrosion cannot be stopped but its rate can be controlled. There are many methods that can be used to control the rate of corrosion, one of them is the sacrificial anode cathodic protection. Protection of anode cathodic sacrificial utilizes the principle of a galvanic cell where the metal will be protected or the cathode has a higher potential otherwise the metal will be sacrificed or the anode has a lower potential value. One of the standard practices used to design cathodic protection is DNV RP-B401. By carrying out tests according to the DNV RP-B401 standard, then it can be seen the value of the efficiency of the sacrificial anode working on cathode protection. The efficiency of the sacrificial anode needed to be known to measure the performance of the sacrificial anode in providing protection to the metal to be protected. This research was conducted to determine the effect of differences in electrolyte temperature on the efficiency values of aluminum alloy and Zinc alloy sacrificial anodes. In this study the feasibility test was carried out using electrolyte temperature variations, namely at temperatures of 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, and 35°C. the efficiency results obtained in aluminum alloys for temperatures of 20°C, 25°C, 30°C and 35°C were 88.6%, 80.66%, 76.55% and 63.23%. Then for the Zinc alloys with the same temperature variations were 92.95%, 90.39%, 88.15%, and 77.24%.
PEMBANGKITAN TEGANGAN MENGGUNAKAN KARBON AKTIF TEMPURUNG KELAPA DENGAN ELEKTROLIT AIR
Authors: Tista Si Putu Gede Gunawan , Santhiarsa I Gusti Ngurah Nitya , Astawa Ketut , Tenaya I Gusti Ngurah Putu , Negara Komang Metty Trisna
Published: September 2024

The generation of electrical energy from fossil fuels is currently running low, besides that it can cause global warming due to gas emissions such as carbon dioxide. Besides that, the development of small portable equipment such as watches, handphones, and cameras, requires batteries with small power. Therefore, environmentally friendly materials on a small scale are needed to generate electricity, one of which is coconut shell-activated carbon. The purpose of this research is to generate a voltage from a model using activated coconut shell carbon with a water-electrolyte. The model consists of a counter electrode-electrode counter. The counter electrodes are varied, namely aluminum, zinc, and copper. The electrode used is coconut shell-activated carbon, while the electrolyte is distilled water. The electrolyte is injected into the model between the electrode and the counter electrode and then given the heat. When the electrolyte is injected into the model, electrostatic forces occur between the functional groups, the pores on the surface of the activated carbon, the counter electrode, and the water-electrolyte, resulting in the release of electrons. The results show that the voltage generated by heating to a temperature rise of ΔT = 54 ͦC is 0.795 volts for aluminum counter electrodes, while zinc reaches 0.597 volts and copper reaches 0.034 volts. While the average thermal sensitivity of the resulting voltage (dV/dT) for aluminum is 47.85707 mV/ ͦ C, while zinc is 39.15949 mV/ ͦC, and copper is 1.72348 mV/ ͦC.
RANCANGAN TRACKING MATERIAL SYSTEM UNTUK PELACAKAN DAN PEMINDAHAN KOMPONEN ANTAR GUDANG (STUDI KASUS PT. PINDAD)
Authors: Afif Ilham , Pratikto  , Sumantri Yeni
Published: September 2024

This journal presents the development of the Material Tracking Application at PT. Pindad. During the assembly process, some components may be rejected due to defects or non-compliance with other components from different suppliers. It is difficult to identify the origin of rejected components due to the lack of rejection data from each supplier. This issue led to the development of applications that can trace the origin of components by attaching QR codes to packages. Scanning the QR code activates the Quality Function to identify the origin of the component. QR codes were chosen because of their cost-effectiveness, low operational costs, and ease of reading compared to other Automatic Identification Procedure (Auto-ID) technologies. Another problem is the administrative process when moving parts/components from the component warehouse to the production warehouse. The recording process still uses paper-based documentation which is time-consuming and error-prone. Therefore, QR codes are also used to simplify and speed up the recording process by the security function. From designing web-based applications which are then deployed and run on Google's cloud services. The researcher then carried out a testing process with 2 stages, namely the process of verification and validation. It was found that the Material Tracking Application went well according to the researchers' expectations. There are still many opportunities for the development of this Material Tracking Application. Mainly development using other Auto-ID and different case studies in the world of manufacturing.
PIROLISIS MENGGUNAKAN SCREW SEBAGAI PRESSURE DROP DAN SIRIP PADA KONDENSOR
Authors: Pane Erlanda A , Rahardjo Stevanus Budi , Ismail Ismail
Published: September 2024

The main factor that can determine the pyrolysis reaction is reactor type. However, the operational system of the pyrolysis reactor has a problem due to the low energy supply and low thermal conductivity of plastic. In addition, the particle agglomeration phenomenon occurs due to the presence of a thin layer due to the natural adhesive effect. This research made the development of the reactor design by the addition of a reactor section. The addition of a screw scrolls as a pressure drop system and fin parts on the condenser becomes the novelty. The aims of adding some sections are to reduce the particle agglomeration phenomenon and increase the quantity of syngas-pyrolysis oil from the system. The methodology is divided into design, manufacture, and pyrolysis experiments. This system can produce more pyrolysis oil compared to systems that use catalysts. The oil yield produced reached 88% at a target temperature of 450°C.
REVIEW: VARIOUS TREATMENTS NAOH, SEA WATER, FUMIGATION, LIQUID SMOKE TO IMPROVE TENSILE STRENGTH AND SURFACE MORPHOLOGY OF NATURAL FIBER
Authors: Muslimin Mukhlis , Wirawan Willy Artha , Palungan Musa Bondaris
Published: September 2024

This article is a literature review of several studies oriented toward the treatment of natural fiber to improve the surface morphology and tensile strength of the fiber. The method used is to review several studies that describe the physical and mechanical properties of natural fiber with different treatments such as immersion of sago fiber in liquid smoke, coconut fiber in NaOH, palm fiber in seawater, and smoking of king pineapple fiber, and banana stem fiber with liquid smoke. The results of the review showed that the treatment was able to increase the tensile strength of sago fiber by 26.77%, coconut fiber by 81.25%, palm fiber by 67.40%, waru bark fiber by 59,97%, coconut fiber with limestone water 34,96 %, king pineapple fiber by 74.45%, and banana stem fiber by 43.78%. The effect of some of these treatments can also change the morphology of the fiber. So, it was concluded that treatment was needed to change the physical properties of the fiber in the form of morphology and mechanical properties in the form of better fiber tensile strength so that the fiber used as a composite reinforcement could improve the mechanical properties of the composite.
IMPLEMENTASI DAN PENGUJIAN PROTOTIPE TURBIN JENIS PROPELLER UNTUK PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA MIKROHIDRO
Authors: Sudiro Rafiandi Dyaa , Halim Levin , Arthaya Bagus Made
Published: September 2024

The implementation of a small-scale Micro-Hydro Power Plant which considering a 2-meter water head river will be discussed in this research. Therefore, a Micro-Hydro Power Plant with a Propeller turbine type was implemented. The turbine components include the turbine wheel, blades, guide vanes, turbine housing, turbine cover, and discharge pipe. Each component was manufactured using a 3D printing process with PLA filament. The testing process involved a miniature dam made from a container with a height of 1 meter, connected vertically with pipes. Water flowing into the turbine rotates the turbine wheel, causing it to rotate on the turbine shaft. Output data, including rthe number of rotations (RPM) and torque (M), were collected using sensors placed on the turbine wheel shaft. The testing results of the prototype Propeller turbine showed an efficiency of over 90% at a flow rate of approximately 0.008 m^3/s. Under the ideal design conditions with 90% efficiency, the prototype turbine would operate at a rotation speed of 2880 RPM and generate a power output (P) of 66 Watts.
REVIEW OF SPEED PROFILE OPTIMIZATION METHODS FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN TRAIN
Authors: Abdillah Kusuma , Gunawan Leonardo Gunawan , Handoko Yunendar Aryo Handoko
Published: September 2024

Improving energy efficiency in the transportation system is an important goal in facing the challenges of climate change and limited energy resources. Electric trains are a promising alternative for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. Speed profile optimization has been a significant research focus on achieving maximum energy efficiency in electric trains. This paper aims to provide insight into energy efficiency using speed profile optimization.  Several issues were discussed in this paper including energy consumption modeling methods, speed profile optimization methods, and integration of speed profile optimization with schedules and regenerative braking. This study concluded that the most frequently used energy consumption modeling is the deterministic model using the Davis equation. There are two classifications in optimization: classical and modern methods (heuristics). Classical optimization methods are often used on problems with simple constraints, and modern methods are often used on problems with more complex constraints or variables.
OBSERVASI PENURUNAN TEKANAN (PRESSURE DROP) PADA SISTEM PERPIPAAN: PENGARUH PANJANG DAN DIAMETER PIPA, ELBOW, DAN TEE
Authors: Nuryoto Nuryoto , Rahmayetty Rahmayetty , Yusuf Rumbino  , Astrilia  Damayanti  , Doni Rahmat Wicakso
Published: September 2024

The piping system is a fundamental process equipment in the industry. The phenomena that occur in piping systems vary depending on the conditions of the pipes and the fluids flowing through them. Therefore, research related to piping systems requires attention to minimize and understand the occurring phenomena. There have been many studies related to piping analysis, but what sets this research apart from previous studies is that it focuses on examining the contribution of each component of the piping system to friction loss-pressure drop. Furthermore, the data obtained is used to determine the deviation or difference between experimental data and theoretical calculations. This research aims to study the correlation between friction loss and pressure drop in piping systems (including pipes, elbows, and tees) and to determine the extent of deviation between theoretical calculations and actual conditions, as well as to understand the trend of such deviations. Results show that as the length of the pipe increases, there is an increase in pressure drop, especially for pipe lengths of 0.6, 0.8, and 1.4 meters, the values are 275.26, 367.0, and 642.27 Pa over density, respectively. Conversely, as the pipe diameter increases, the resulting pressure drop becomes smaller, namely for pipe diameters of 0.5, 0.75, and 1.25 inches, the values are 266.64, 93.33, and 13.33 Pa over density, respectively. In the observation of the influence of fittings, it is shown that the pressure drop generated by elbows is greater than that of tees, with values of 26.66 and 13.33 Pa over density, respectively. When calculating the percentage deviation, there is a tendency for longer pipes and larger diameters will increase the percentage of deviation. For pipe lengths of 0.4, 0.6, and 1.4 meters, the percentage deviations are 3.23, 10.11, and 17.50%, respectively. For variations in pipe diameter, the percentage deviations are 3.23, 41.74, and 47.15% for diameters of 0.5, 0.75, and 1.25 inches, respectively. Meanwhile, the percentage deviation for tees is greater than that of elbows, with values of 84.78% (for elbows) and 185.02% (for tees).
ANALISIS PENGARUH PERBEDAAN SURFACE PREPARATION DENGAN VARIASI JENIS CAT TERHADAP KEKUATAN ADHESI DAN KETAHANAN IMPACT COATING PADA BAJA SS400
Authors: Sativa Zahra , Manik Parlindungan Manik , Mursid Ocid
Published: September 2024

Surface preparation is a fundamental thing that must be done before applying the coating to the material. A good painting will be obtained with good surface preparation treatment. This research aims to determine the effect of different surface preparation methods and various types of paint on adhesion strength and impact coating resistance. The type of material used in this research is SS400 steel with three different surface preparation methods, namely sandblasting, power tools, and hand tools following ISO 8501-1 standards, and with a variety of three different types of paint, namely epoxy, polyurethane, and alkyd paint. Adhesion strength testing uses the pull-off test method and impact resistance testing is carried out using the impact coating test. This test is carried out after the coating has been applied and the paint has dried completely. The results of the tests that have been carried out show that the highest average adhesion value of the three surface preparation methods carried out is obtained from polyurethane coatings. The best coating durability test results were obtained by polyurethane paint with only cracks occurring using the hand tool method at a height of 0.6 m. The conclusion obtained is that the best type of coating in this research is polyurethane coating and the best method is cleaning using the sandblasting method.
KINERJA SISTIM HIDROLIK PADA UNIT EXCAVATOR 320D2 CATERPILLAR
Authors: Halim Abdul , Fadli Ma’arif , Mangkona Mangkona
Published: September 2024

Almost most heavy equipment units use a hydraulic system, including systems that are important for heavy equipment units to work. The hydraulic performance test on the excavator unit is part of the test carried out as an operational standard to state that the unit is good to run or operate in work in the field. So to know that the unit has good availability, it is necessary to carry out regular testing according to service guidelines. This research aims to provide information regarding standard operational procedures for testing hydraulic excavator performance, both cycle time and pressure on directional control valves. The method used is to carry out tests on hydraulic implements using a combination of system information services. In experimental testing, the cycle time for the movement of hydraulic implements, including boom, bucket, stick, swing, and travel, still complies with standard specifications. For testing, pilot relief valve pressure, main relief valve pressure, and swing pressure are all still within normal standard limits.
Avaliação de um modelo pedagógico de educação para a Cidadania Ambiental por alunos do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico
Authors: Monte Teresa , Reis Pedro
Published: September 2024

Este artigo avalia a implementação de um modelo pedagógico de educação para a Cidadania Ambiental no 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico (CEB) em Portugal (alunos entre seis e dez anos). O objetivo foi testar o modelo em contexto real escolar, de modo a ser avaliado pelos próprios alunos, procurando responder às seguintes questões de investigação: (1) Quais as perceções dos alunos do 1.º CEB sobre as atividades de Cidadania Ambiental realizadas?; e (2) Quais as aprendizagens que resultaram das atividades de Cidadania Ambiental realizadas? Esta testagem constitui uma das iterações de uma Investigação Baseada em Design destinada a conceber um Modelo Pedagógico de Educação para a Cidadania Ambiental no 1.º CEB em Portugal. A implementação do modelo pedagógico foi realizada em quatro escolas públicas do 1.º CEB, num total de 23 turmas (orientadas por 23 professoras) e cerca de 500 alunos, distribuídos pelos 4 anos de escolaridade. Com base em observação direta, notas de campo e entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas aos alunos, procurou-se identificar as suas perceções acerca das atividades de Cidadania Ambiental realizadas e as aprendizagens que resultaram dessas atividades. De um modo geral, os alunos, após a realização das atividades de Cidadania Ambiental, desenvolveram competências de Cidadania Ambiental, mudaram os seus comportamentos e atitudes e demonstraram vontade em participar de forma mais ativa na resolução de problemas ambientais locais em conjunto com a comunidade escolar e local, tendo ficado, desta forma, mais empoderados para a ação.
A implementação do modelo pedagógico foi realizada em quatro escolas públicas do 1.º CEB, num total de 23 turmas (orientadas por 23 professoras) e cerca de 500 alunos distribuídos pelos 4 anos de escolaridade. Com base em observação direta, notas de campo e entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas aos alunos, procurou-se identificar as suas perceções acerca das atividades de Cidadania Ambiental realizadas e as aprendizagens que resultaram dessas atividades.
De um modo geral, os alunos, após a realização das atividades de Cidadania Ambiental, desenvolveram competências de Cidadania Ambiental, mudaram os seus comportamentos e atitudes e demonstraram vontade em participar de forma mais ativa na resolução de problemas ambientais locais em conjunto com a comunidade escolar e local, tendo ficado, desta forma, mais empoderados para a ação.
FATORES BIÓTICOS E ABIÓTICOS QUE INTERFEREM NA DINÂMICA DE FLORESTAS TROPICAIS BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Kmila Gomes da Silva  , Nelson Venturin  , Warley Augusto Caldas Carvalho
Published: September 2024

Diversos estudos apontam influência de fatores edafoclimáticos e processos ecológicos na estruturação de florestas tropicais. Porém, efeitos na comunidade arbórea originados por desastres ambientais em florestas, ainda são pouco conhecidos. Diante disso, este documento visa reunir informações científicas sobre aspectos relevantes dos fatores que interfere na dinâmica de florestas tropicais. As informações compiladas nesse estudo possibilitaram concluir que boa parte das florestas tropicais brasileiras são constituídas por mosaicos de fragmentos resultantes da interação de fatores bióticos e abióticos ao longo do tempo. Diversos distúrbios ecológicos vêm incrementando a heterogeneidade ambiental pré-existente, que reflete em mudanças na estrutura e dinâmica das comunidades arbóreas. Avanços nessas pesquisas e o monitoramento contínuo de comunidades florestais proporcionam divulgar a necessidade e propor estratégias de pesquisas e ensino sobre conservação em ecossistemas ameaçados.
Olanzapine-Induced Hypothermia: A Case Report in an Elderly Black Male Patient Diagnosed with Bipolar 1 Type Disorder
Authors: Demler Tammie Lee , Morales Samantha , Brown Geoffrey , Derosas Andrea , Lee Claudia
Published: September 2024

There are few reports that describe incidence of hypothermia in patients treated with olanzapine. We report a case of an elderly 83-year-old black male, readmitted to the state psychiatric hospital December 2023 due to psychiatric exacerbation after 6 months of successful discharge to community, who experienced a fall and profound hypothermia with bradycardia that resulted in a 10-day acute hospitalization in January 2024. Medical workup was unrevealing except for multivessel disease found on CT stroke study of the brain. When patient returned to inpatient psychiatric hospital, his psychiatric medications, including both quetiapine and olanzapine, were restarted at half the dose. The next morning, the patient was again hypotensive, bradycardic and hypothermic. For this patient, only the olanzapine was new upon the most recent admission, and thus this case report supports the other few reports already published, implicating olanzapine in the pharmacologic adverse effect of drug induced hypothermia.
The Impact of Trumpism on American Literature
Authors: Al-Nuaimi Mustafa Mohammed Rashid
Published: September 2024

The era of Donald J. Trump’s presidency (2017–2021) was a tumultuous time in American history defined by political dissension, societal division, and a redefined national identity. This paper examines the president's impact on the literature being produced by American writers through the decades. Contemporary writers engaged in the changes in politics, society, and culture that resulted from Trump. This paper demonstrates a response to Trumpism through the literary works of some writers. Through their literary works, these writers illustrate a variety of issues, including power, truth, and identity in Trump’s America.
The Extraction and Structural Analysis of Lineaments Around Gülsehir (Nevşehir) Using GIS Methods
Authors: Demircioğlu Ramazan , Erenb Yaşar , Coşkunerb Berkant
Published: September 2024

This study aims to determine the lineaments in the Palaeozoic - Cenozoic rocks outcropping around Gülşehir (Nevşehir) using Landsat-8 satellite images, shaded relief and slope maps and to compare them with field studies. Faulted structures in the region are formed by E-W trending thrusts, NE-SW trending reverse faults and NW-SE trending normal faults. A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was used to produce the lineament maps. Google Earth and Landsat 8 images were also used. The shaded relief map (SRM) and slope map were derived from the DEM. The analysis of the produced linearity maps showed that the slope map and the integrated (SRM) map were more consistent with the field data. The lineament maps derived from the slope maps are largely consistent with the faults and fractures identified in the field. According to the strike maps, N15-300E and N75-900W orientated structures dominate the region. Lineaments show a tendency in all directions due to polyphase deformation.
Reconstrucción del paleo-relieve del área del Volcán Xitle (Ciudad de México) y su impacto en la trayectoria de sus derrames de lava mediante simulaciones probabilísticas
Authors: Sandoval García Mariana , Nieto-Torres Amiel , Martin Del Pozzo Ana Lillian
Published: September 2024

La topografía prexistente jugó un papel fundamental en definir la trayectoria de los derrames de lava del Xitle. El Xitle es de los volcanes monogenéticos más jóvenes del sur de la Ciudad de México. Su erupción se caracterizó por emisiones menores de ceniza y de nueve derrames de lava pahoehoe y aa que cubrieron 78.94 km2. En este trabajo se reconstruyó el paleo-relieve del área del volcán Xitle para mejorar el conocimiento del pa- leo-drenaje y cómo determinó la trayectoria de los derrames de lava y la formación de tubos de lava. Se identificaron los depósitos de los volcanes pre-Xitle (Complejo Volcánico San Miguel, Ajusco, Cuilotepec, Coatzontle, Yololica y Malinale) según la morfología del relieve actual. Se modificaron las curvas de nivel del relieve actual para eliminar la topografía de los derrames de lava del Xitle y mediante la creación de una superficie ráster a partir de un TIN, se obtuvo un modelo digital de elevación del paleo-relieve. La distribución de los paleo-ríos se definió mediante el análisis de la acumulación y dirección de flujo en el paleo-relieve. Los derrames de lava del Xitle se simularon individualmente en el paleo-relieve con el programa probabilístico Q-LavHA. Se integraron las observaciones hechas en campo y estudios previos del volcán Xitle para definir los parámetros de las simulaciones de los derrames. Los derrames de lava del volcán Xitle cubrieron los depósitos de los volcanes pre-Xitle con excepción de las partes más altas como el caso del cono del volcán Cuilotepec y los montículos (hummocks) del Ajusco. Las lavas modificaron los cauces de algunos paleo-ríos (e.g. Magdalena) y rellenaron por completo otros (e.g. Cuicuilco). Las simulaciones muestran que las trayectorias de los derrames y la existencia y distribución de los tubos de lava están asociados a variaciones en la tasa de efusión, la disposición de los paleo-ríos, la morfología de los depósitos pre-Xitle y la abrupta pendiente del paleo-relieve.
A Review on the Impact of Vertical Slotted Fish Passages on Fish Populations in River Basins
Authors: Xuan Feng , Yanmin Cao
Published: September 2024

The interruption of fish migration routes has a negative impact on the health of aquatic populations and ecosystems. To address this issue, vertical seam fishways are designed to assist fish in crossing dams and embankments. This article integrates the concept and design ideas of vertical seam fishways, the impact assessment of vertical seam fishway construction on fish in the watershed, as well as the problems and challenges encountered, by searching and reading relevant materials. The aim is to provide reference for ecological restoration and fish protection in hydraulic engineering.
Design and characterization of floating microspheres for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Yadav Ramnaresh , Bhowmick Mithun , Rathi Vaishali , Rathi Jagdish
Published: September 2024

Gastroretentive systems can remain in the gastric region for several hours and significantly prolong the gastric residence of the drugs. Prolonged gastric retention improves bioavailability, reduces drug waste, improve solubility of drugs that are less soluble in a high pH environment. It has application also for local drug delivery to the stomach and proximal small intestine. The main objective of any drug therapy is to achieve  a desire concentration of the drug in blood or tissue  which is therapeutically effective and nontoxic  for extended period of time, and this goal can  be achieved by proper design of sustain release  dosage regimen. Microspheres have been widely accepted as a mean to achieve oral and parenteral controlled release. The microspheres require a polymeric substance as a coating material or carrier. A number of different substances biodegradable as well as non-biodegradable have been investigated for the preparation of microspheres. The aim of this study is to prepare floating microspheres containing Sulfasalazineto achieve a controlled drug release profile suitable for peroral administration.
Keywords: Gastroretentive, Sulfasalazine, sustain release, Microspheres
Micro-RNA: biomarker for the treatment of cancer
Authors: Nawale Vanashri , Darekar Avinash , Saudagar Ravindranath
Published: September 2024

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are presently experiencing a renewed height of attention not simplest as diagnostics, however specifically as noticeably promising novel objectives or gear for medical therapy in several different malignant diseases. MicroRNAs have emerged as key publish-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, involved in diverse physiological and pathological approaches. It changed into located that several miRNAs are without delay worried in human cancers, along with lung, breast, mind, liver, colon most cancers and leukemia. Biomarkers have many capacity packages in oncology, together with danger assessment, screening, differential analysis, dedication of analysis, prediction of reaction to treatment, and tracking of progression of disease. In this evaluation, we summarize the present day know-how and ideas concerning the involvement of microRNAs in cancer, which have emerged from the take a look at of cellular tradition and animal model systems, which includes the regulation of key cancer-related pathways, which include mobile cycle control and the DNA damage response. Importantly, microRNA molecules are already getting into the health facility as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for patient stratification and also as therapeutic targets and marketers.
Keywords: MiRNA, Biomarkers, cancer.
Formulation and evaluation of topical Calcineurin inhibitor loaded transfersomal drug delivery for Vitiligo
Authors: Patel Dipti , Sherasiya Zabir , Patel Kajal
Published: September 2024

The aim of the present investigation was to formulate and evaluate topical calcineurin inhibitor loaded transfersomal drug delivery for vitiligo using rota evaporator followed by thin film method. Tacrolimus can restore the melanocytes if given in transfersomal gel. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) had employed to study drug-excipients incompatibility. Analytical method was performed using UV spectrophotometer. Topical calcineurin inhibitor loaded transfersomal gel was evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, percent drug entrapment, surface morphology, in-vitro drug release study, in vitro permeability study and stability study. Optimization of process parameter was done by 32 full factorial Design Expert software. Topical calcineurin inhibitor was successfully prepared with drug:lipid(1:10), lipid:surfactant(9:1), water as hydration medium, chloroform:methanol(9:1) as solvent, HPMCK100 as mucoadhesive agent and extract of catechu powder to provide colour on skin. Optimization study of process parameter shows that batch prepared with hydration time 55 min,evaporation time 15 min, hydration temperature is 50°C and temperature to form thin film is 60°C as optimum condition for rota evaporator. Particle size, zeta potential, percent drug entrapment were found to be 155.5 nm, -49 mV, 80% respectively for optimized batch.
Keywords: Vitiligo, Tacrolimus, Transfersomal gel, Thin film hydration method, Vesicle size, PDE, Zeta-potential, Skin irritation study, Skin sustain study, Stability study.
Drug safety and Pharmacovigilance: An overview
Authors: Maqbool Mudasir , Dar Mohmad Amin , Rasool Shafiqa , Bhat Ahsan Ullaha , Geer Mohammad Ishaq
Published: September 2024

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) have a major impact on public health, reducing patient’s quality of life and imposing a considerable financial burden on the health care systems at a time when many health care systems are under considerable financial strain. All healthcare providers have roles to play in maintaining a balance between a medicine's benefits and risks. Once a drug is available to the public, making a determination about its safety is the shared responsibility of all who are part of the prescribing process, including patients. The role of healthcare professionals is vital in recording and reporting suspected ADRs in order that regulatory agencies are alerted of emerging safety concerns and thereby facilitating timely and appropriate action. Pharmacovigilance is an important exercise for monitoring of drug related issues after marketed in “real world setting”. Pharmacovigilance and all drug related issues are important for everyone whose life is being impacted any way by medical interventions. The evolution of Pharmacovigilance in recent years has growing importance as a science critical to effective clinical practice and public health science. The national Pharmacovigilance centers have become a significant influence on the drug regulatory authorities, at a time when drug safety concerns have become increasingly important in public health and clinical practice. This paper unfolds the basics of drug safety and other important aspects of Pharmacovigilance.
Keywords: Adverse drug reactions, Pharmacovigilance, Drug regulation.
Nanoparticles: A smart drug delivery
Authors: Venkateswara Rao S , Anuhya E , Padmalatha K
Published: September 2024

In recent years, there has been an exponential interest in the development of novel drug delivery systems using nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are defined as particulate dispersions or solid particles with size in the range of 10-1000nm. There has been a considerable research interest in the area of drug delivery using particulate delivery systems as carriers for small and large molecules. Particulate systems like nanoparticles have been used as a physical approach to alter and improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of various types of drug molecules. Nanoparticles have been extensively studied as particulate carriers in the pharmaceutical and medical fields, because they show promise as drug delivery systems as a result of their sustained and targeting release properties, subcellular size, biocompatibility with tissue and cells. Various polymers have been used in the formulation of nanoparticles for targeting drug delivery research to increase therapeutic benefit, while minimizing side effects. Polymeric nanoparticls with a size in the nanometer range protect drugs against in vitro and in vivo degradation. The use of nanoparticle drug delivery is a universal approach to increase the therapeutic performance of poorly soluble drugs in any route of administration. In this review focused various aspects of nanoparticle formulation, characterization and their applications in targeting delivery.
Keywords: Nanoparticles, Drug Targeting and Controlled Release.
Osmotic drug delivery system: A review
Authors: Venkateswarlu B.S. , Pasupathi C. , Pasupthi A. , Jaykar B. , Margret Chandira R. , Palanisamy P.
Published: September 2024

Osmotic drug delivery uses the osmotic pressure level for controlled delivery of drugs by using osmogens. Osmotic systems for controlled drug-delivery applications are well established, both in human pharmaceuticals and in veterinary medicine. The process of osmosis is that can control the drug delivery system. Osmotic pressure created from external environment into the dosage form regulates the delivery of drug from osmotic device. Osmotic pumps are promising systems for controlled drug delivery. The systems are used for oral administration and implantation. Osmotic pumps consist of an inner core containing drug and coated with a semi permeable membrane.
Keywords: Osmosis, Osmotic drug delivery system, Osmotic pump.
Process variable studies for preparation of optimized system for bupropion hydrochloride using CCD
Authors: Gupta Aparna , Sharma Vijay , Singh Lalit
Published: September 2024

Aim of present work is to develop optimized sustained release dosage form of Bupropion hydrochloride using Formulation by Design (FbD) approach. Development and optimization of formulation batches was done by design experiment using Central Composite Design (CCD). Tablets were formulated by direct compression technique and evaluated. The impact of independent variables like concentration of Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC K4M) and  Carbopol (CP 934P) were observed on  dependent variable like hardness of tablet, drug release in 12 h (Q12h) and the time for fifty percent release of drug (T50%). Polynomial equations were generated using multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA), response surface plots and contour plots were drawn, optimum formulations were selected by brute force method. The hardness and Q12h was found in the range of 4.4- 4.7 Kg/cm2 and 88.19- 96.7% respectively, while T50% was found in the range of 3.5- 5.5h. Validation of optimization study performed using four confirmatory experimental runs which indicated very high degree of prognostic ability of FbD methodology with percentage error varied between -0.024% and 0.024 %. The overlaying of all these plots provided an overlay plot, which signified the region of optimization. Thus, central composite design (CCD) is a useful tool in the development of optimized dosage form along with the significance of independent variable as well as least investment of money, manpower and time.
Keywords: Formulation by Design, Central Composite Design, Bupropion Hydrochloride.
Simultaneous estimation of simvastatin and labetalol in bulk and solid dosage form
Authors: Sonawane Abhijeet A. , Shinde Akhil A. , Phalke Pooja  K. , Bodke Nikita N. , Dangat Sonali D. , Vishwakarma Neha A. , Jadhav S.L.
Published: September 2024

A simple, accurate, precise, sensitive, and highly selective ultra violet spectrometer method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of simvastatin and labetalol in bulk and solid dosage form. The estimation of simvastatin was carried out at 239 nm while labetalol was estimated at 222.4 nm. The developed method was validated for linearity range, precision, recovery studies and interference study for mixture, all these parameter showed the adaptability of the method for the method quality analysis of the drug in bulk and combination formulation.
Keywords: Simvastatin, Labetalol, UV Spectrophotometric, Dosage form.
Formulation and evaluation of polyherbal hair oil for alopecia
Authors: Kolhe Shilpa , Indore Pranaya , Shewale Shweta , Pol Akshata , Hanmante Leena
Published: September 2024

The Herbal cosmetics are nowadays widely used because of fewer side effects with better safety and security .The present work was aimed to formulate polyherbal hair oil for general purpose using various Herbs. Herbal hair oil was prepared from the hair growth .The formulated hair oil contain different Herbal plant which are traditionally utilised for hair growth plants used are Shikhakai powder, Coconut Oil, Maka powder, castor oil, rice bran oil, Amla powder, Bramhi powder, hibiscus fiower, Neem leaves. The Formulated oil was evaluated and various parameters such as Viscosity, Saponification Value, pH, Acid Value where determine & reported in this article. The Formulation were also subjected to chemical test determination. To determine the presence of active constituent in the drug .Excellent result of hair growth were seen in formulation.
Keywords: Hair oil, Herb, Cosmetics, Formulation & Evaluation.
Standardization Parameters of few India herbal drugs used in the treatment of gynecological disorders
Authors: Shriwas Shweta , Choukse Raju , Dwivedi Sumeet
Published: September 2024

Gynecological disorders are very common among Indian women and are more prone in rural areas as compared with urban due to various issue among with un-hygienic conditions are at the top. As per Ayurvedic literature there are several plants used to cure women disorders, though there proper documentation and validation need to be established for quality and purity of herbal drugs. The present work aims to investigate the acute toxicity profile of few India medicinal plants. In this present study standardization parameters of Achyranthes aspera Linn. (Roots) ASR, Clitoria ternatea Linn. (Roots) CTR, Ipomea cairica Linn. (Leaves) ICL and Plumeria pudica Jacq. (Leaves) PPL were investigated. The present investigation shows the results of morphological features and physicochemical evaluation of selected herbal drugs.
Keywords: Herbal drugs, Standardization parameters, Quality, gynecological disorders
Development and validation of a spectrofluorimetric method for the estimation of camptothecin in bulk and formulation
Authors: Bhusari Sachin Shivling , Chaudhari Tejal Prashant , Wakte Pravin Shridhar
Published: September 2024

A simple, accurate, precise, sensitive and cost-effective spectrofluorimetric method was developed and validated for the estimation of Camptothecin (CMPTO) in bulk and formulation. The relative fluorescence intensity of Camptothecin was measured in distilled water at an excitation wavelength of 278 nm and an emission wavelength of 419 nm. Proposed method was found to be linear over the range of 50 to 3000 ng/ml with correlation coefficient 0.9999. Proposed method was validated using different analytical method validation parameters viz. accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ, robustness and ruggedness using QC standards as per the ICH guidelines. Thepercentage recovery was found to be 100.64 % and percentage RSD values were found to be less than 2 for accuracy and precision studies. The detection and quantification limits for the proposed method were found to be 15.76 and 47.98 ng/ml, respectively. A simple, accurate, precise, sensitive yet cost-effective spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the estimation of CMPTO in bulk and formulation. The said spectrofluorimetric method was found to be economic as it comprises water as a solvent.
Keywords: Spectrofluorimetry, Camptothecin, Validation, Excitation, Emission
GC–MS analysis of bioactive compounds present in different extracts of rhizome of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.
Authors: VJ Dessy , Sivakumar S.R. , George Mariat , Francis Steffy
Published: September 2024

To analyze and characterize the chemical composition of the different crude extracts from the rhizome of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb a medicinal plant.The air-dried rhizomes were powdered and subjected to Soxhlet extraction using solvent n-hexane and Supercritical fluid extraction. Then, each of the extracts was further subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Qualitative determination of the different biologically active compounds from crude extracts of C aeruginosa Roxb using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry revealed different types of high and low molecular weight chemical entities with varying quantities present in each of the extracts. These chemical compounds are considered biologically and pharmacologically important. Furthermore, the two different extracts SCF and n-hexane possess unique physicochemical characteristics. The two extracts possess major bioactive compounds that were identified and characterized spectroscopically. Thus, identification of different biologically active compounds in the extracts of C aeruginosa Roxb warrants further biological and pharmacological studies.
Keywords: Supercritical Fluid, Soxhlet extraction, GC-MS
EMERGING TRENDS IN THERAPEUTIC PEPTIDE PHARMACEUTICALS: PROSPECTS AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Sangeetha Nagarajan , Selvamani Palanisamy , Latha Subbiah
Published: September 2024

Over the last few decades, the inclusions of peptide drugs in the pharmaceutical formulation aspects are more contemporary and recurrent. Since peptide moieties for the treatment of various clinical conditions has been started worthwhile since 1930’s. There has been an increasingly sustainable research work regarding the formulation of therapeutic peptides are in the arena, as probably several entities are already in the clinical investigation, where as few more are in the pipeline for clinical indication. In this current discussion, it has been aimed to unleash the potential of therapeutic bioactive peptides and its future prospects, in the area of pharmaceutical formulation. A plinth of area in regard to the, demand for the development of pharmaceutical formulation of bioactive peptides are still need to be uncovered. And hence only we have discussed deeply about the contemporary prospects of the peptide moieties.
 
 
Keywords: Peptide drugs, pharmaceutical formulation, current trends, clinical implications
A new stability indicating RP-HPLC method for estimation of brexpiprazole
Authors: Vanaplli Goutham Kumar , Mondal Sumanta
Published: September 2024

A simple stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the determination of Brexpiprazole in tablet dosage forms. Reversed-phase chromatography was performed on Shimadzu Model CBM-20A/20 Alite, using a mixture of 0.1% acetic acid and methanol (65:35, v/v) as mobile phase with a flow rate of 0.9 mL/min.  Detection was carried at 214nm. Linearity was observed over the concentration range of 0.1–250 μg/mL (R2 = 0.9999) with regression equation y = 39617.94x + 3300.8. Brexpiprazole was subjected to stress conditions (acidic, alkaline, oxidation and thermal degradation) and validated as per ICH guidelines. The validated method can be applied to perform long-term and accelerated stability studies of Brexpiprazole formulations.
Keywords: Brexpiprazole; Isocratic elution; Reversed-phase HPLC; Stability-indicating; Validation.