bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Underlying +/- 3, 4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine Self Administration
Authors:   , Daniela Evangelene Joy Kia
Published: November 2021

Rationale: +/- 3, 4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; Ecstasy) consumption has increased globally over the past two decades. Human studies have demonstrated that in a small proportion of users MDMA consumption may become problematic. Limited preclinical studies have evaluated the abuse potential of MDMA. Objectives: The present study sought to determine if MDMA selfadministration has similar addictive properties as other abused substances. Initial experiments sought to determine if MDMA could function as a reinforcer. Subsequent experiments assessed whether dopamine played a role in MDMA self-administration, whether MDMA self-administration was maintained by the presentation of a conditioned stimulus, and if extinguished MDMA self-administration could be reinstated. Methods: Animals were surgically implanted with indwelling intravenous catheters that allowed delivery of MDMA solution upon depression of an active lever. MDMA self-administration was examined in drug naïve and cocaine-trained animals. Further assessment of the reliability of self-administration was assessed using a yoked procedure, dose effect curves were obtained, vehicle substitution occurred, and progressive ratio procedures were used. The underlying role of dopamine in mediating MDMA self-administration was determined using the D1- like antagonist, SCH23390, and D2-like antagonist, eticlopride. Manipulation of the light and/or drug stimulus was used to provide initial assessment of the conditioning properties of MDMA. The ability of 10 mg/kg MDMA to reinstate responding previously maintained by MDMA was also determined. Results: MDMA was reliably self-administered in drug naïve and cocaine trained animals. Responding was selective to contingent MDMA administration, reduced with vehicle substitution, sensitive to dose manipulation, and increasing demand. A rightward shift in the dose effect curve was demonstrated after administration of SCH23390. Removal of both the light and drug stimuli produced a rapid reduction in responding. Removal of either the light or drug stimulus produced a gradual reduction over 15 days. Administration of MDMA reinstated responding previously maintained by MDMA. Conclusion: The demonstration of reliable MDMA self-administration provided a baseline for assessing MDMA abuse potential. MDMA selfadministration was mediated by dopaminergic mechanisms which may be similar to those demonstrated for other abused substances. MDMA selfadministration also produced conditioning - a feature of compulsive drug use. Responding previously maintained by MDMA was later reinstated by MDMA, demonstrating that MDMA use may result in relapse. MDMA has similar behavioural properties as other commonly abused substances.
The Scope and Limits of Biological Explanations in Archaeology
Authors:   , Jeffares Benjamin
Published: November 2021

I show how archaeologists have two problems. The construction of scenarios accounting for the raw data of Archaeology, the material remains of the past, and the explanation of pre-history. Within Archaeology, there has been an ongoing debate about how to constrain speculation within both of these archaeological projects, and archaeologists have consistently looked to biological mechanisms for constraints. I demonstrate the problems of using biology, either as an analogy for cultural processes or through direct application of biological principles to material remains. This is done through setting out the requirements of a Darwinian Archaeology, and then measuring various approaches against these requirements. This approach leads to the conclusion that archaeologist's explanations of the past must include within their formulations an account of human cognitive capacities within their explanatory framework. The limits of our understanding of the human past will be the limits of our understanding of Homo sapiens.
Novel Secondary Metabolites from New Zealand Marine Sponges
Authors:   , Ryan John Martin
Published: November 2021

The isolation and structure elucidation of 12 new compounds from four different genera of marine sponge is described. Continued work with the marine sponge Raspailia topsenti resulted in the isolation of two clerodane diterpenes, raspailodanes F (40) and G (41). Raspailodane F contains a novel tricyclo[5.4.0.0]undecane scaffold including a cyclopropyl ring. A nonadecanoic acid derivative, petrosianoic acid (122), was isolated from an unknown species of the genus Petrosia. It is believed that 122 is only the third nonadecanoic acid derivative reported from the marine environment. The marine sponge Dendrilla rosea was examined for the presence of new spongian diterpenes. While no new diterpenes were discovered, the acetylenic nitrile dendronitrile (158) was isolated along with two known diterpenes and a known steroid. Dendronitrile is the first acetylenic nitrile discovered from the marine environment and only the third ever reported. Seven new lamellarins and one new dictyodendrin were isolated from Dictyodendrilla dendyi alongside one known lamellarin and two known dictyodendrins. Lamellarins Θ (187) and κ (188) are related to known lamellarins. The remaining five lamellarins are sulfated derivatives, lamellarin Θ 4'',4'''-disulfate (190), lamellarin O 4'''-sulfate (191), lamellarin O 4'',4'''-disulfate (192), lamellarin κ 4'''-sulfate (193), and lamellarin κ 4'',4'''- disulfate (194). Dictyodendrin F (195) is a new natural product previously only reported as a semi-synthetic derivative of known dictyodendrins. Lamellarin shows moderate cytotoxic activity. The biological activity of the remaining compounds, particularly the sulfated derivatives, is under investigation. The screening protocol used to analyse crude sponge extracts was refined and a number of advances were made towards the automated analysis of the spectra generated. A method was devised to extract peak data from screen HSQC spectra and by combining these data, to produce a software-based mask of known correlations. The application of this mask was demonstrated in three different ways to three different screen HSQC spectra. To aid in the identification of interesting correlations identified by the mask, a database of HSQC correlations was compiled from literature and in-house sources. A new method of describing the chemical environment of a given position was developed to suit the needs of the database. At present, the database contains 91 compounds and represents over 2500 individual HSQC correlations. Development of both the software screening technique and the HSQC correlation database is ongoing.
Playcentre Parents-as-Educators: Links between Background Experiences and Teaching Practice
Authors:   , Manning Suzanne Louise
Published: November 2021

Playcentres are unique Aotearoa/New Zealand sessional early childhood education services which are run as parent cooperatives, where the  parents take on the role of educators in the centre. This study investigated the way parents-as-educators used their life experiences, skills and knowledges in their teaching practice. Case studies were completed for four parents-as-educators in one urban Playcentre during one 10 week school term, using observations of teaching practice and document analysis, a short questionnaire and individual interviews. Teaching practice was then described using a framework based on McWilliam, de Kruif and Zulli's (2002) four contexts of teaching. Results were analysed using Rogoff's (2003) personal, interpersonal and cultural planes of analysis and Reid and Stover's (2005) model of individual agency. The parents-as-educators primarily drew on their parenting experiences to inform their teaching practice, and were selective in applying other prior skills and knowledges, based on their current interests and passions and on specific choices about their future life paths. The utilisation of their background in their teaching practice was also influenced by their individual agency. This depended on their changing sense of belonging within the centre, on the context of the sessions which included interactions between adults and responses from the children, and on their perception of, and alignment with, Playcentre philosophy. Implications of the findings suggest that Playcentres should look for ways of empowering parents-as-educators to use their background skills and knowledges whilst respecting their choices, so that the children in the centres experience as rich a curriculum as possible. To do this Playcentre philosophy should be more openly debated. This is because the philosophy of parents and children learning together added to group cohesiveness and empowered the parents-as-educators, yet other philosophical tenets, such as child-centredness and the approach to teaching art, created tension and constrained the parents-as-educators from fully using their background in their teaching practice.
Electoral Reform and the Centralisation of the New Zealand National Party
Authors:   , Stephens Gregory R
Published: November 2021

Political party organisations respond to the challenges of their environments. Different organisational structures have different capabilities and capacities and, therefore, some organisations are better suited to some environments. What happened to party organisations when New Zealand changed from a first-past-the-post to a mixed member proportional electoral system? Did all parties have the same capacities to meet the challenges raised by this new environment? This paper addresses these questions by examining the organisational responses of the New Zealand National Party to the introduction of the mixed member proportional electoral system after 1993. The National Party was constructed to operate in a first-past-the-post electoral system and it did so successfully, winning twelve of the nineteen elections it contested. In response to the challenges of the first-past-the-post environment, National decentralised both candidate selection and campaign structure. National's decentralised organisation proved to be a liability for National under the new mixed member proportional environment however. Mixed member proportional demanded the construction of a nationwide list and a coherent campaign for the nationwide party vote. With its existing organisational structure, National was unable to meet either of these demands and suffered the electoral repercussions of that failure. After four consecutive elections in which National lost vote share, the National Party centralised its organisation in 2003. This paper analyses the centralisation of the National Party's organisation and the reasons for it by examining the Party's efforts to reform candidate selection and management of campaigns. The two organisational structures which National used for selecting candidates and managing campaigns under mixed member proportional produced different results. The candidate pools for 1996, 1999 and 2002 failed to provide nationwide appeal and produced incentive for electorate candidates to ignore the party vote element. Further, the campaign structure for these three elections allowed electorate committees significant control and the ability to undermine the nationwide party vote campaign. In the 2005 election, however, candidate selection and campaign management showed significant changes. The candidate selection process provided incentives for electorate candidates to seek both electorate and party votes, although it arguably still failed to produce a nationally appealing party list. The management of the campaign was also significantly different. It demonstrated the benefit of central campaign control in a mixed member proportional electoral system. The 2003 centralisation gave National elites significant control and allowed National to almost double its 2002 result in the 2005 election. This thesis demonstrates that a mixed member proportional electoral system gave National strong incentives to centralise its party organisation.
A Comparison of Medical Ethics and Managerial Ethics in the Health Sector
Authors:   , Bryson Jane Elspeth
Published: November 2021

This multidisciplinary doctorate research draws on the disciplines of psychology and philosophy in its consideration and comparison of medical ethics and managerial ethics in the health sector. There is very little research which has compared the ethics of doctors and managers even though they work alongside each other in health organisations. Hence this thesis not only adds to the body of knowledge but also contributes a new perspective to applied ethics via the multidisciplinary approach. The empirical research was conducted in three phases. First, a pilot study which interviewed via the repertory grid method six doctors and managers from a Crown Health Enterprise (i.e. a public sector health provider organisation which manages a number of hospitals). Second, a series of repertory grid interviews conducted with nineteen doctors and managers from seven Crown Health Enterprises throughout New Zealand. In the third phase, the ethical constructs and role perceptions identified in the first and second phases were incorporated into a questionnaire which was distributed to 799 doctors and managers in three Crown Health Enterprises. The questionnaire posed a range of questions on role perceptions, ethical dilemmas faced, influences on ethically challenging decisions, ethical issues, and required respondents to rate an ethical manager, ethical doctor, unethical manager and unethical doctor on a range of constructs and rate which construct contributed the most to being an ethical manager and to being an ethical doctor. The main aim was to identify similarities and differences between doctors and managers. The questionnaire analysis revealed a complex three way interaction between doctor/manager raters and the ethical/unethical doctor/manager being rated. This interaction was best represented by seven of the bipolar constructs. Additionally it was found that a highly ethical doctor was seen as honest, focused on patients' best interests, and principled - has standards which are lived up to privately and publicly. The highly ethical manager was seen as honest, flexible and open to others' ideas, recognises and uses the skills of others for their good and the good of the health service, committed to and works hard for the public health service, and takes a long term/strategic view of issues and the wider implications of decisions. Overall it was concluded that the results showed that medical ethics and managerial ethics can be discussed within a general moral framework which allows for different priorities in each role. And that the fundamental difference in priorities between doctors and managers, lay in their basic role orientation - doctors focused on the patient, and managers focused on the organisation.
Chinese and Painting: an outsider's, inside experience of the Lingnan School and Xie He's writings.
Authors:   , Jiang Margaret Piggott
Published: November 2021

In this thesis, I draw on personal experience and contact with painters from within the Academy [of Fine Arts] structure, art associations, societies and individual practitioners, both in China and overseas. I choose to use the materials of brush, ink and paper that make up the treasures of the artist's studio. My understanding and interpretation is based on my experience as apprentice to master Fang Chuxiong, a third generation master of the Lingnan School. My perceptions were further shaped by the discussions on art theory and practice I had with masters and professors from both within the Lingnan School and outside the academy structure.
A Multi-Level Research Framework for the Analyses of Attitudes Toward Immigrants
Authors:   , Leong Chan-Hoong
Published: November 2021

Contemporary research on acculturation tended to focus on the sojourners' or immigrants' perspectives on adaptation. The current dissertation however, centers on recipient nationals' attitudes toward immigrants and perceptions of multiculturalism. Three distinctive frameworks to study host nationals' perceptions are adopted; they include: (1) intergroup relations, (2) individual differences, and (3) cultural differences. Five separate studies were done based on the three frameworks using attitudes toward Chinese immigrants as the dependent measure in all except the final study. Based on the intergroup framework, Study 1 and 2 examined the influence of intergroup contact, national pride, perceived permeability, fairness, threat and host community acculturation strategies. Results showed that decreased contact and increased threat predicted less favorable perception towards immigrants (Study 1); respondents who espoused a need for immigrant assimilation and exclusionism, and those who adopted a less individualistic perception towards migration tended to express a more negative attitude (Study 2). Based on an individual differences framework, Study 3 and 4 examined the influence of social dominance orientation, self-esteem, individualism-collectivism, national pride and personal values. Increased self-esteem and collectivism predicted more favorable attitudes toward immigrants, and increased social dominance orientation predicted less favourable perceptions among host nationals who rated high on individualism (Study 3); respondents who placed greater emphases on security and achievement motivation have expressed more negative attitudes, but endorsement of stimulation value predicted more favourable perceptions (Study 4). In the final study, cultural differences were adopted as correlates of attitudes. Secondary data from the Eurobarometer (2000) and Schwartz's and Hofstede's typologies of cultural differences were used. Based on Schwartz's model, increased mastery was associated with less multicultural optimism; increased egalitarian commitment was linked to lesser support for policies that promote co-existence; and increased harmony was related to less demand for cultural assimilation. Based on Hofstede's model, increased masculinity was associated with less multicultural optimism and lower demand for cultural assimilation; and increased uncertainty avoidance was related to decreased multicultural optimism. Overall, two broad dimensions of acculturation experience have emerged from the research, first one is based on an 'invasion' perspective and the second one reflects an 'enrichment' experience.
Nonlinear Inversion Using Very Fast Simulated Annealing for Horizontal Electric Dipole Time-Domain Electromagnetic Data
Authors: Srigutomo Wahyu , Hapsoro Cahyo Aji , Purqon Acep , Warsa  , Sutarno Doddy , Kagiyama Tsuneomi
Published: November 2021

A nonlinear stochastic inversion scheme, called very fast simulated annealing (VFSA), was applied to the time-domain electromagnetic data generated from a horizontal electric dipole. The forward formulation of the vertical magnetic field was expressed in the Laplace domain by applying the Hankel integral transform. Time-domain transformation was performed by applying the inverse Laplace transform using the Gaver–Stehfest algorithm. In this study, for noise-free synthetic data, the VFSA scheme yielded the smallest misfit and an inverted resistivity model that resembled the test model. The addition of 5% random noise to the synthetic data produced the same level of misfit and a model that still mimicked the test model. However, the addition of 10% noise to the synthetic data resulted in a misfit value that was three times that of the first two values and a resistivity model with a large discrepancy with the test model, particularly at large depths. These results indicate the efficacy of the VFSA inversion scheme for inferring the subsurface resistivity structure from the electromagnetic data. This inversion scheme was applied to field data measured in a volcanic environment. The general pattern of the resistivity structure inferred by the VFSA inversion is consistent with the structure obtained previously by using a deterministic inversion scheme.
COVID-19 and the Restructuring Collective Solidarity: The Case of Volunteer Activity in Québec
Authors: ALALOUF-HALL Diane , Grant-Poitras David
Published: November 2021

Drawing on a combination of survey data, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis, this article explores the main forms of restructuring that have taken place within Québec’s voluntary sector in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. It centres on three main shifts: the designation of certain voluntary activities as “essential services” by politicians; the im- plementation of new approaches to soliciting, matching, and retaining volunteers; and the institutionalization of a new health-centric rationality within the supervision of volunteer work. The article concludes by calling for recognition, in theory and practice, of the essential role that volunteering plays with regard to socio-territorial resilience.
RÉSUMÉ
Mobilisant les données d’un travail de veille portant sur l’impact de la pandémie de COVID-19 sur le secteur de bienfai- sance au Québec, cet article explore les principales restructurations qui se sont opérées au sein du secteur bénévole. Nos enquêtes nous ont permis d’en dégager trois : la qualification, par le politique, de certaines activités bénévoles en « services essentiels » ; la mise en œuvre de nouvelles approches en matière de sollicitation, de jumelage et de rétention des bénévoles ; l’obligation pour les organismes d’encadrer le travail des bénévoles en fonction d’une « rationalité sanitaire ». L’article se clore avec une discussion où nous appelons à reconnaître, tant en théorie qu’en pratique, le rôle incontournable du bénévolat en matière de résilience socio-territoriale.
Surviving a Pandemic: The Adaptability and Sustainability of Nonprofit Organizations through COVID-19
Authors: Olawoye-Mann Salewa
Published: November 2021

Like many other organizations in Canada and globally, nonprofit organizations have not been insulated from the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It has affected Canadian nonprofit organizations in numerous ways. This ranges from the effects of COVID-19 on the health of workers and clients to its effect on revenue. As predominantly essential service providers, nonprofit organizations have to find ways to continue operations during the COVID-19 pandemic to ensure that no one is left to fall through the cracks in an uncertain economy.
RÉSUMÉ
Comme bien d’autres organismes au Canada et dans le monde, les organismes sans but lucratif (OSBL) n’ont pas été épargnés par la pandémie du COVID-19. En effet, pour les OSBL canadiens, celle-ci a eu des incidences dans divers secteurs, allant de la santé des clients et employés jusqu’au revenu. Les OSBL, comme ils sont à toutes fins pratiques des fournisseurs de services essentiels, doivent trouver le moyen de continuer à fonctionner pendant la pandémie afin de s’assurer que personne ne soit oublié dans un contexte économique incertain.
Toondoo comic in teaching speaking (a pre-experiment research)
Authors: Wati Laila , Maysuroh Siti , Wahyuni Sri , Yusri Ahmad , Hindri Nurul
Published: November 2021

This research aims at finding the effectiveness of Toondoo Comic in teaching speaking at the second semester of Sendratasik Study Program of Hamzanwadi University in the academic year 2018-2019. This research was a pre experiment by using single group pre-test and post-test design. The population of the study was 47 students from A and B classes. The sample of the study was 17 students from class A. It was taken through purposive random sampling. A speaking test was used in collecting the data. The data collected were analyzed by using descriptive statistic, and paired sample t-test was used to test the hypothesis. It was performed using SPSS 22 for Windows. The result shows that the mean in the pre-test was 41.06 and was 60.71 in the post- test. Additionally, the hypothesis testing using paired sample t-test resulted significance (2-tailed) value level .000; it was lower than .05. This indicated that Toondoo comic was significantly effective in teaching speaking. Thus it is suggested that Tondoo comic is considered an alternative media in teaching and learning process.
Problem solving skills: esssential skills challenges for the 21st century graduates
Authors: Bariyyah Khairul
Published: November 2021

Problem solving skills are the abilities to identify problems, search and select various alternative solutions and make decisions in solving all the problems at hand. Problem solving skills are 21st century skills that are needed by society and the world of work. This research is a descriptive quantitative research. The research sample consisted of 300 students who were selected using the stratified random sampling technique. The research instrument used a scale of student problem solving skills. The Analysis of Data used descriptive analysis, independent sample t-test, and ANOVA with the help of the SPSS program. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded (1) the average level of student problem solving skills is in the medium category (62.3%), (2) there is no significant difference in the level of student problem solving skills based on gender, (3) there is no significant difference in the level of student problem solving skills based on developmental status, (4) there is a significant difference in the level of problem solving skills of students based on age groups. The age group that has a significant effect on the difference in the average score of problem solving skills of students aged 23 years
Desain kurikulum mikro sustainable development goals di sekolah menengah pertama
Authors: Fitri Annisa , Susilana Rudi
Published: November 2021

The implementation of values of sustainable development is an important requirement to prepare future generations.Seeing these needs, it is necessary to design a micro curriculum on sustainable development values. Researchers analyzed the perceptions of 241 science teachers in West Java about the urgency of SD (Sustainable Development) indicators into content that students must learn. The topic of waste pollution and renewable energy are the chosen materials to be studied. Teacher's perception of the urgency of the material indicators can be said to be homogeneous. After that, the researcher made a content design for implementing this curriculum. Three validators who are experienced science teachers provide a constructive evaluation of the content and learning evaluation components.Learning evaluation is expected to be varied by including non-test components to achieve SD competence which emphasizes psychomotor and affective aspects.This curriculum content design already has goals that are in accordance with the expected sustainable development competencies, but the material content and evaluation components need further development.
Upaya Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam dan Budi Pekerti Melalui Penggunaan Media Audio Visual dalam Pembelajaran Daring pada Siswa
Authors: Sihombing Yasrida Yanti
Published: November 2021

Guru harus memastikan kegiatan belajar mengajar tetap berjalan, meskipun peserta didik berada di rumah. Solusinya, guru dituntut dapat mendesain media pembelajaran sebagai inovasi dengan memanfaatkan media daring (online). Pembelajaran yang efektif adalah pembelajaran yang mampu mengkondisikan subjek didik untuk mempunyai motivasi belajar , salah satunya kewajiban pendidik untuk memenuhi kewajiban tersebut adalah dengan memamfaatkan media dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Diantara media yang dimaksud adalah media audio visual. Akan tetapi pada kenyataannya sistem pembelajaran daring,  di SMP Negeri 1 Batangtoru  bahwa guru masih minim menggunakan media audio visual dalam pemelajaran daring terhadap materi pembelajaran PAI. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah:  Apakah Hasil Belajar PAI dan BP Dapat Ditingkatkan Melalui Penggunaan Media Audio Visual pada pembelajaran  Daring  Pada Siswa kelas IX-1  SMP  Negeri  1 Batangtoru?. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan tes, Objek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IX-1 SMPN I Batangtoru  yang berjumlah 33 siswa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam tiga tahap yaitu tahap siklus I, siklus II dan siklus III. Pada tahap siklus I meningkat dibandingkan persentase ketuntasan klasikal prasiklus sebesar 39,39 % menjadi  60,61 %. namun belum mencapai indikator kinerja yang telah ditetapkan. Selanjutnya nilai rata-rata siswa setelah siklus II meningkatkan dengan 90,91%. dan telah memenuhi indikator kinerja yang telah ditetapkan sebelumnya, yaitu 85%  dan siswa telah mencapai nilai minimal 75, maka disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran PAI dan BP dengan materi zakat dengan menggunakan media audio visual khususnya semester ganjil  kelas IX-1 SMP Negeri 1 Batangtoru tahun pelajaran 2020/2021, bahwa hasil belajar siswa dapat ditingkatkan.Hal ini bisa menjadi acuan bagi materi lainnya pada pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam dan Budi Pekerti . Bahkan bisa menjadi acuan bagi mata pelajaran lainnya dalam melakukan pembelajaran baik daring maupun tatap muka.
Efektivitas pendekatan Science Technology Community (STM) untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial siswa sekolah dasar
Authors: Desrinelti Desrinelti , Firman Firman , Desyandri Desyandri
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini didasarkan pada realita di sekolah dasar yaitu hasil belajar peserta didik dan proses belajarnya belum memadai seperti diinginkan karena pendekatan yang digunakan guru dinilai masih kurang efektif. Pendekatan yang digunakan untuk pembelajaran IPS pada riset ini adalah penelitian eksperimen. Tujuan dari riset ini agar prestasi belajar siswa kelas V SDN 12 Parambahan pada pembelajaran IPS dapat ditingkatkan. Jumlah peserta didik kelas V sebanyak 19 orang dengan laki-laki 10 dan perempuan orang. Dilihat dari hasil penelitian ini ada peningkatan dari etiap siklusnya.Siklus pertama diperoleh nilai 69 sedangkan pada siklus kedua 80. Jadi dapat disimpulkan dengan pendekatan STM yang digunakan prestasi belajar peserta didik pada pelajaran IPS meningkat. Yang membedakan penelitian ini adalah kelebihan pendekatan STM ini mudah dan terampil mengidentifikasi penyebab atau dampak penggunaan teknologi, siswa dapat melihat bahwa sains adalah alat yang mampu memecahkan masalah.
Konsep dasar kebijakan pendidikan
Authors: Elwijaya Fadiyah , Mairina Vivi , Gistituati Nurhizrah
Published: November 2021

Education policy is important in the process of achieving national education goals so that an understanding of the basic concepts of education policy is needed in order to produce pro-active education policies and problem solving. The purpose of writing this article is to examine the scope of education policy which consists of the meaning of education policy, components of education policy, characteristics of educational policies and implementation of educational policies. This writing methodology uses literature study methodology. The writing of this article was carried out by reviewing 26 journals related to education policy. The results of the study found that education policy is a policy related to the education sector in the process of elaborating the vision and mission of education in order to achieve educational goals through strategic steps in the implementation of education. The education policy component consists of five, namely objectives, plans, programs, decisions, and impacts. The characteristics of education policy are that of having educational objectives, fulfilling legal-formal aspects, having an operational concept, being made by the authorities, being able to be evaluated and having a systematic approach. The approach to implementing educational policy consists of a structural approach, a procedural and managerial approach, a behavioral approach and a political approach.
Pengenalan Pola pada Citra Tanda Tangan Online dan Offline Menggunakan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan Metode Backpropagation
Authors: Octariadi Barry Ceasar , Siregar Alda Cendekia
Published: November 2021

Pengenalan pola pada citra tanda tangan merupakan versi miniartur yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi seseorang. Didalam penelitian ini disajikan pengenlan pola tanda tangan online dan offline dengan mempergunakan jaringan syaraf tiruan metode backpropagation (JST-BP) untuk 100 ciri citra tanda tangan online dan offline. Dimulai dari preprocessing, ekstraksi ciri dengan vertical and horizontal splitting sebagai ciri masukan untuk masing-masing citra tanda tangan untuk dilakukan pelatihan dengan klasifikasi JST BP. Menggunakan fungsi pembelajaran resilient backpropagasi. Pengujian JST-BP membandingkan data uji dengan data hasil tranning sebelumnya yang terdapat didalam database. Hasil pengujian tanda-tangan untuk sampel tanda tangan online dan offline dengan menggunakan metode JST-BP, terlihat bahwa dengan tanda tangan online masih bisa di identifikasi 153 citra dengan tingkat akurasi sebesar 76 % dari 200 data citra, untuk tanda tangan offline di identifikasi 197 citra dengan tingkat akurasi sebesar 98% dari 200 data citra.
The Impact of Money Supply on the Economy: A Panel Study on Selected Countries
Authors: García Matres Javier de Oña , Viet Le Tuan
Published: November 2021

This study investigates the impact of money supply on economic growth rate, inflation rate, exchange rate and real interest rate. We used a panel of 217 countries from 1960 to 2020 and four different models to address these questions. The empirical results support the quantity theory of money. In addition, the study found evidence for a negative relationship between real interest rate and inflation and between money supply and real interest rate. Finally, our results show that lagged money growth rate is positively correlated with GDP growth rate but money growth rate is negatively correlated with GDP growth rate.
Mass Beach Stranding of Blue Button Jellyfishes, Porpita porpita (Linnaeus 1758) from the Coast of Mandvi, Kutch, India during August, 2021
Authors: Shah Niki , Shah Yashesh
Published: November 2021

Present short communication reports about beach stranding of Porpita porpita (Linnaeus 1758) from the Coast of Mandvi, Kutch during August 2021. Also, this is the first record of the blue button jellyfishes for the northern Gulf of Kutch region. A study was carried out by primary observation and measurements of common environmental parameters such as Sea Surface Temperature (SST), Wind Direction & Wind Speed. Aboral and oral parts were observed and described. It is assumed that the large biomass of blue button jellyfish on the beach is due to strong shoreward Monsoon winds.
Hasil Belajar Biologi Ditinjau dari Model Examples Non Examples Berbantuan Multimedia Lectora Inspire
Authors: Tarigan Mhd. Rafi'i Ma'arif , Dalimunte Afrida Yanti , Yani Yuri Indri
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Examples non Examples menggunakan Multimedia Lectora Inspire terhadap hasil belajar biologi siswa pada materi Sistem Reproduksi yang dilaksanakan selama 2 bulan dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen semu. Data dalam penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kuantitatif yaitu berupa hasil belajar pada materi pokok Sistem Reproduksi. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan berupa simple ramdom sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam bentuk tes yaitu pretest dan postest. Soal pretest dan postest disusun berdasarkan indikator dalam bentuk tes objektif dengan lima pilihan jawaban (a, b, c, dan e). Analisis yang digunakan adalah uji t. Hasil belajar siswa yang menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Examples non Examples menggunakan Multimedia Lectora Inspire diperoleh nilai yang tuntas adalah sebanyak 27 siswa (79,41%) dan yang tidak tuntas sebanyak 7 siswa (20,58%) dengan nilai rata-rata 83,85 dan standar deviasi 7,73. Hasil uji hipotesis menggunakan uji t diperoleh thitung>ttabel atau 11,68 >1,69 dengan taraf kepercayaan 0,05 maka Ha diterima Ho ditolak, sehingga dinyatakan bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan penggunaan Model Pembelajaran Examples non Examples menggunakan Multimedia Lectora Inspire terhadap hasil belajar Biologi siswa pada materi Sistem Reproduksi di Kelas XI MIA MAS Proyek UNIVA Medan. Manfaat dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi kepada pendidik bahwa penggunaan model pembelajaran Examples non Example dengan menggunakan Multimedia Lectora Inspire efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar biologi siswa dan disarankan bagi pendidik untuk dapat menerapkan model ini dalam proses pembelajaran.
Educational work as a leading component of the activities of the department of social and humanitarian disciplines
Authors: Soloshenko E.
Published: November 2021

The main stages of the history of the department of social and humanitarian disciplines are briefly sanctified, its long-term experience is analyzed through the prism of teaching and educational activities. Attention is drawn to the role of social and humanitarian disciplines in the process of forming general and universal competencies of a modern specialist. Soft skills have a fairly wide range: linguistic, social, entrepreneurial, communicative, life cognitive and informational, etc.The ways of formation of these competence components in students in the study of the disciplines of the humanitarian cycle are analyzed. It is noted that all academic disciplines that are taught at the department have and successfully embody the educational component. The author analyzes the activities that contribute to the implementation of national-patriotic, spiritual, legal, moral and other types of education in a modern university both during classes and outside the classroom.Emphasis is placed on cooperation with the Center for Military-Patriotic Education of KNUSA, in particular, the implementation of the principle of historical and social memory. The Gender Education Center complements the educational process with coverage of gender issues. Relevant aspects of the education of modern students, which the department embodies by holding round tables by the Student Scientific Society of the Clio Department, conversations in dormitories and informing during classrooms, is the coverage of the process of European integration, the importance of countering racism, xenophobia and extremism.

The necessity of the institution of curators-mentors in educational work with students is emphasized. Throughout its history, the educational component of the work of the Department of Social and Humanitarian Disciplines has remained unchanged – the formation of eternal human values, a worthy person and citizen of Ukraine.
The state of professional orientation of schoolchildren in the modern Ukrainian school
Authors: Mohylna Y.
Published: November 2021

The article analyzes the state of the identified problem. It was found that vocational guidance in modern schools of Ukraine is conducted at a low level, is ineffective and uses a narrow range of methods. Ways to implement career guidance are mostly theoretical and do not provide sufficient knowledge for a conscious choice of profession. Lack of implementation of practical ways deprives high school students of a deep understanding of the chosen profession, the ability to conduct self-analysis and compare personal abilities and skills with the requirements for the specialty.

For the most part, career guidance is reduced to the propaganda work of higher education institutions. Student visits by students and other activities organized by universities are mostly aimed at acquainting students with the peculiarities of studying in a particular university, its advantages over other educational institutions. However, such measures cannot be considered career guidance, as they do not provide sufficient information about professions, but only acquaint future entrants with the specifics of training and provide general information about the relevant professions.

In addition, in Ukraine there is no relationship between the State Employment Center and the vocational guidance of schoolchildren. This leads to an imbalance between supply and demand in the labor market, which in turn negatively affects the economic situation of the country due to higher unemployment. It also has a negative impact on social development, because a person who has not been able to realize himself cannot be a socially active and life-satisfied citizen who loves his country. Due to professional uncertainty and misunderstanding by young people of the answer to the question "Who am I?" loss of flair and abilities, the development of which could bring the country advantages, victories, economic independence.

Analysis of career guidance work in schools abroad shows that career guidance in schools in Ukraine is at a low level, lacks a number of important components and does not have a positive impact on the social and economic life of the country.
Major achievements are still ahead
Authors: Astakhova V.
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the 30th anniversary of Kharkiv University of Humanities “People’s Ukrainian Academy”, a new type of educational institution that has succeeded in implementing the concept of an educational and scientific complex of continuing education. The main stages of this complex process have been identified; the PUA’s achievements as well as the problems and difficulties that its team had to overcome especially at the first stage of the institution’s activity between 1991 and 2006, when experimental work to implement important theoretical developments was underway have been analyzed. Arguments confirming the viability of and prospects for the development of continuing education have been presented.
Adult Education: Organizational Approaches Under Uncertainty
Authors: Voino-Danchyshyna O.
Published: November 2021

Education, undoubtedly, is recognized as determining the social configuration of each state. Most countries of the world are intensively developing and improving the adult education system as an important element of lifelong learning that ensures the development of society. The concept of lifelong education is viewed as a system of the future, which should become the basis for sustainable development, ensuring stability in society, socialization of a person in a changing social environment. Globalization world processes also have a significant impact on education. At the same time, individual education systems should take into account national and cultural characteristics when developing adult education programs so that universalization is combined with existing diversity.

The article analyzes the main directions of adult education such as obtaining a second higher education, business education and training for people of the third age. The specifics of the adult audience, the specifics of the work of teachers, the content of curricula and teaching methods are considered. When writing the article, the experience of working with adults, accumulated at the People's Ukrainian Academy, which is a complex of continuous education, in which the adult education system is logically inscribed, was used and generalized. The need to improve the national system of postgraduate education is expressed. We are talking about creating a unified regulatory framework for adult education, changing sectoral legislation, optimizing the structure of additional postgraduate education.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF APPROACHES TO THE ASSESSMENT OF THE BUILDING STRUCTURES` RELIABILITY
Authors: BLIKHARSKYI Yar.Z. , KOPIIKA N.S.
Published: November 2021

Raising of the problem. Nowadays construction industry can be considered as one of the main identifiers of the overall progress of scientific activity, an indicator of trends in various spheres of society. Recently, the tasks of design solutions` optimization through the use of energy and resource-saving technologies and maximum use of resources have become significantly relevant. To solve these problems, it is necessary to have deep understanding of the concept of reliability and durability of buildings and structures. Since most of the parameters of bearing capacity and load are stochastic in nature, the mechanisms of their objective evaluation are necessary, which are the basis of the "sustainable design" concept. The availability of such techniques allows to design buildings and structures with given level of reliability and accurate assessment of the residual life of damaged structures, which optimizes the solution of engineering problems of a wide range in both new construction and reconstruction. Purpose. To conduct detailed review and comparative analysis of existing approaches to assessing the reliability of building structures. To perform a structured analysis of the evolution of scientific thought in the direction of understanding the stochastic nature of the bearing capacity of structures, to outline promising areas of experimental and theoretical research on this problem. Conclusion. Further development of the "sustainable design" concept with establishment of target reliability levels is promising, as it will allow to obtain effective design solutions and will promote the introduction of resource- and energy-efficient technologies. The tasks of experimental study of statistical characteristics of external influences and bearing capacity and optimization of existing methods of probabilistic modeling to obtain a universal analytical apparatus for reliability assessment are topical.
Design and Analysis of Different Optical Attocells Deployment Models for Indoor Visible Light Communication System
Authors:   School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,   Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, MALAYSIA, Gismalla M.S.M , Abdullah M.F.L ,   Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja, 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor, MALAYSIA, Ahmed Mustafa Sami ,   Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja, 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor, MALAYSIA, A Mabrouk Wafi ,   Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja, 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor, MALAYSIA, AL-Fadhali Najib ,   Faculty of Engineering Technology,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh Education Hub, 84600 Pagoh, Muar, Johor, MALAYSIA, Saeid Elsadig ,   Faculty of Engineering, Alzaeim Alazhari   University, Khartoum North, SUDAN, Supa'at A.S.M. ,   School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,   Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, MALAYSIA, Das B ,   Department of Electronic Engineering Quaid-e-Awam   University of Engineering, Science, and Technology Nawabhsh, Sindh, PAKISTAN
Published: November 2021

Visible light communication (VLC) is a promising candidate that is expected to revolutionize indoor environment communications performance and fulfill fifth generation and beyond (5GB) technologies requirements. It offers high and free bandwidth, electromagnetic interference immunity, low-cost front end and low power consumption. Also, VLC has dual functions that could be utilized in both illumination and communication concurrently. The number of optical attocells (OAs) and their deployment in the room represent the main issue that should be taken into consideration in designing an optimal VLC system. In this paper, we have introduced a new model of five OAs in the typical room. In addition to an investigation of various optical attocells (OAs) deployment models, in which a multi-variable evaluation was performed in terms of received power, illumination, SNR and RMS delay spread in order to determine the optimal OAs model. Also, various modulation schemes performances were investigated which included NRZ-OOK, BPSK, and QPSK in order to improve the BER performance. Results indicated that BPSK modulation had superior BER performance when compared with all OAs models. Further, a comprehensive results analysis and comparison of all proposed models was conducted over various parameters, in which our new proposed OAs model achieved an optimal performance in comparison with the other models.