bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CURRENT TRENDS IN THE ACTIVITIES OF PRIMARY FINANCIAL MONITORING SUBJECTS
Authors: Babiy Lesya
Published: February 2025

The article examines current trends in the activities of primary monitoring entities. It defines the concepts and features of forming a financial monitoring system, emphasizing the need for its effective functioning as a key tool for ensuring economic stability and combating financial crimes. The study highlights that an effective financial monitoring system requires a comprehensive approach, including the development of a regulatory and legal framework, technical support, personnel training, and international cooperation. It is proven that, in the modern context of digital technology development and the globalization of financial flows, it is crucial to continually improve existing monitoring mechanisms to ensure their effectiveness.
The economic security of a state is a fundamental condition for its stable development, prosperity, and ability to effectively respond to both internal and external challenges. In the context of globalization and the integration of global economies, a key task is to ensure the integrity of economic processes, protect against financial threats and abuses, and maintain macroeconomic stability. Among the primary mechanisms that contribute to effectively countering economic threats, financial monitoring plays a particularly significant role.
Financial monitoring acquires particular importance in the face of growing threats such as financial fraud, money laundering, and international terrorism, all of which can significantly impact a country's economic security. Given the global nature of financial flows, which can freely move across various jurisdictions, establishing effective cooperation between government authorities, financial institutions, and international organizations becomes a crucial task.
In the context of a nation's economic security, financial monitoring serves not only as a preventive measure against financial crimes but also as a means of building trust in national financial institutions and the economy as a whole. Its effectiveness determines a country's ability to protect its national interests on the international stage, ensure stability in financial markets, attract investments, and foster the development of innovative economic sectors.
Overall, financial monitoring is an integral part of the modern economic security system, providing robust protection of national interests, economic stability, and financial integration within the global economic space. In this context, the effectiveness of financial monitoring and a state’s ability to promptly identify and mitigate financial risks are critical factors that determine its capacity for sustainable economic development and security.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF FORMING THE HUMAN RESOURCES POTENTIAL OF THE ENTERPRISE
Authors: Mykhailichenko Lubomir
Published: February 2025

In writing the article, the basic principles of formation of the enterprise's human resources potential were studied. The components of the human resources potential of enterprise are analyzed. The influence of the peculiarities of formation of the principles of enterprise's human resources potential is studied and their impact on the efficiency of enterprises is determined. It is determined that the effective implementation of the enterprise's human resources potential is the core of the company's intellectual potential. It is substantiated that the assessment of human resources potential and the formation of its principles is a priority function of an enterprise, since it creates the prerequisites for the development of employees of the enterprise and allows to evaluate them and see their effectiveness. The essence of human resources potential is studied and the author's definition is formed, the essence of which is based on the fact that human resources potential is the employees of an organization who use all their resources to achieve the goals of the enterprise. The human resources potential of Ukrainian enterprises for 2013-2023 is analyzed and the relationship between the impact of human resources potential and the volume of financial results is demonstrated. The structure of the human resources potential of Ukrainian enterprises by industry as of 2023 is analyzed. It is determined that the success of an enterprise in the market depends not on the number of personnel, but on its qualitative properties. The basic principles of human resources potential are formed and it is determined that in order to implement them, it is necessary to develop and train personnel and invest in it. The key aspects of the corporate system of personnel training and development are analyzed. It is substantiated that it is the formation of the principles of human resources potential that determines the efficiency in the future, since the company must formulate such principles that enable the staff to develop the company and achieve its goals. It is determined that the strategy of human resources development is organically linked to both the strategy of personnel management and the strategy of the organization. The correlation of the strategy of development of human resources potential with the strategies of development of organization and personnel management is depicted. Conclusions are drawn on the basic principles of formation of the enterprise's human resources potential.
Model of care risk factors associated with tuberculosis in children
Authors: Umijati Sri , Andajani Susilowati
Published: February 2025

Mothers play an important role in reducing the risk factors for parenting related to the increased incidence of childhood tuberculosis (TB). This risk factors are very complex and need to be simplified in a model. The purpose of the study to determine the model of risk factors for parenting related to childhood TB. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014 in the Tambak Sari, Simokerto, and Kenjeran Districts, Surabaya city, Indonesia. A total of 39 mothers (total sample) whose family members had TB were interviewed about care related to the incidence of sick children. Their children's nutritional status was assessed. Furthermore, a simultaneous path analysis was conducted to determine the model. Result, the model of risk factors for caring for children with TB was appropriate (x2=6,02, df=10, p=0,8), as was the model of risk factors for caring for children with TB and other infections (x2=7,68, df=10, p=0,66). TB in children was influenced by their nutritional status (β=0,42). Children's nutritional status can be improved by improving mothers’ ability to care for sick children (in both models, β=0,16). In conclusion, the ability to care for sick children forms a model for determining the incidence of TB in children through their nutritional status.
Of Language, Culture and Teaching
Authors: Liudvika Drazdauskiene Marija
Published: February 2025

Bypassing the eternal and unsolved problems of the definition of culture in superficial technical discussions, this paper deliberates on culture and language with the view to showing that proficiency in a language and deep understanding of whatever phenomenon can be more helpful in matters of culture and especially in language teaching rather than technical terminology and statistics. It overviews two books on cultural practices from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and refers to personal observations and recent teaching practice. In conclusion, it narrows cultural representation in language down to the condition of two people in verbal contact, their sensitivity to and skill in verbal expression and each other’s satisfaction. Concrete illustrations and observations supplement the notion of skill in verbal expression and cultural awareness in personal and group communication.
Keywords: sociocultural traditions in historical contexts, two persons in communication, verbal choices in context, skill, intellectual discipline and responsibility as culture.
An Attempt at Outlining the Major Features of Compositional Aspect in Modern Turkish
Authors: Kutsarova Sema
Published: February 2025

In Turkology, the aspectual status of verb forms is understudied, as are, especially, the compositional means of realizing aspect distinctions. Difficulties arise from specificities of the Turkish language such as its agglutinative nature, lack of articles, the relatively free word order. The verb has a complex paradigm whereby certain forms have tense meanings, some aspectual but the root morpheme itself is neutral vis-à-vis aspect. This paper employs Verkuyl’s two aspect schemata – perfective and imperfective, as an analytical tool, and when these schemata and the compositional aspect theory in general are applied to Turkish, many intriguing questions arise, for example: how does the preterit realize the perfective-imperfective contrast? How is aspect expressed in both the past domain and outside it? How will accusative forms, that are definite, be realized in subjects, indirect objects and adverbial nominals from the point of view of the compositional aspect theory? The paper is a broad initial attempt for preliminary answers to these and similar complex issues. The main generalizations are that the compositional realization of aspect in Modern Turkish is located at the sentence-level and that it takes place predominantly through the definite-indefinite contrast in direct objects, through case values and word order patterns according to the functional sentence perspective, as well as through various other means that are subject to future in-depth research.
Keywords: Modern Turkish; Turkish aspect; compositional aspect; perfectivity-imperfectivity contrast
Arachis microsperma y A. sesquijuga: Nuevos registros de parientes silvestres del maní para la flora de Paraguay
Authors: Macchi Leite Guillermina , Seijo Guillermo
Published: February 2025

En el marco de una revisión de los parientes silvestres del maní en Paraguay, se realizaron nuevas colecciones botánicas y se re-examinaron los ejemplares depositados en diferentes herbarios y bases de datos. Como resultado inicial de esta revisión, se identificaron especímenes que corresponden a Arachis microsperma Krapov., W. C. Greg. & Valls de la sección Arachis y A. sesquijuga Valls, L. C. Costa & Custodio, cuya asignación a una sección es aún incierta. Estas dos especies, previamente consideradas endémicas para Brasil, ahora se suman a la flora de Paraguay. Las poblaciones de A. microsperma, que hasta el momento eran reportadas solo del sur de Mato Grosso do Sul, amplían significativamente el área de distribución de la especie, ubicándose en su mayor parte en los departamentos Amambay y Concepción del territorio paraguayo. Por otro lado, la población de A. sesquijuga de Amambay se constituye en la más austral registrada hasta la fecha para la especie.
Pengaruh Advertising Dan Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Proses Keputusan Pemilihan Universitas (Studi Kasus di Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang)
Authors: Susanti Yanti Susan , Hamdani Hamdani , Lobis Enyk Usmany
Published: February 2025

This research aims to determine the influence of advertising and service quality on the decision process of students choosing Muhammadiyah University, Tangerang. The research approach used in this research is quantitative research. Statistical tests were carried out which included simple regression tests, multiple regression tests, simple correlation tests, multiple correlation tests, and determination of determinant coefficients. And hypothesis testing is also carried out, including partial tests (t tests) and simultaneous tests (F tests). Data processing analysis used the SPSS version 23 program. The sampling technique used in this research was Sample Random Sampling, obtaining a sample of 133 respondents. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire given to students in the 2014 to 2017 academic year at Muhammadiyah University, Tangerang. The partial calculation results obtained for advertising tcount are greater than ttable, namely 6.275>1.652. And for service quality tcount is greater than ttable is 7.099>1.652. This means that partially there is a positive and significant contribution between advertising and service quality to the student decision process. Simultaneous testing obtained that Fcount was greater than Ftable, namely 34.721>3.04. This means that simultaneously there is a positive and significant contribution between advertising and service quality to the student decision process
Developing Supply Chain to Increase Firm Performance: The Role of Supply Chain Agility, Supply Chain Integration and Supply Chain Quality Management
Authors: Badawi Badawi
Published: February 2025

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of supply chain agility (SCA), supply chain integration (SCI) and supply chain quality management (SCQM) on the performance of online food seller companies. This research is quantitative research with a structural equation model methodology using AMOS. This study uses a population of companies or culinary business people who sell their products online in West Java, Indonesia. From this population, 160 online culinary businesses were selected as samples in this study. This study resulted that SCA, SCI and SCQM can have a positive and significant effect on company performance. Online culinary companies should increase supply chain agility through the development of several aspects within the company, namely demand management, agile distribution, agile manufacturing and agile customization. The results fill the gap in previous research by analyzing the influence of supply chain agility, supply chain integration and supply chain quality management on company performance in the culinary industry. It is hoped that this research can provide input and study the role of the supply chain in improving company performance
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Konflik Interpersonal dan Komunikasi Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Pegawai Honorer Kantor DPRP Provinsi Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Pratama Reza Kurnia , Fitriana Nina , Basri Hisbulah
Published: February 2025

Reza Kurnia Pratama, Pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Konflik Interpersonal Dan Komunikasi Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Pegawai Honorer Kantor DPRD Provinsi Sumatera Selatan (Dibawah bimbingan Ibu Hj. Nina Fitriana, SE, M.Si dan Bapak H. Hisbulah Basri, SE, M.Si). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Konflik Interpersonal Dan Komunikasi Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Pegawai Honorer Kantor DPRD Provinsi Sumatera Selatan, populasi penelitian ini adalah Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 109 Pegawai Honorer Kantor Sekretariat DPRD Provinsi Sumatra Selatan. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik simple random sampling yang dilakukan secara acak tanpa memperhatikan strata yang ada dalam populasi. Batas toleransi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebesar 0,05 % dengan tingkat akurasi sebesar 95 %. Pada penelitian jumlah populasi sebesar sebesar 109 pegawai dengan batas kesalahan 0,05 % dan nilai d 0,10. hasil penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabel kepuasan kerja memiliki nilai minimum 28, nilai maksimum sebesar 48 dan nilai rata-rata sebesar 40.92 dengan standar deviasi sebesar 3.407. Uji validitas dilakukan dengan melihat hasil nilai corrected item-total correlation dengan taraf signifikan 5%, tingkat signifikasi sebesar 0,05, derajat kebebasan (df) = n – 2 = 30 - 2 = 28, didapat r tabel = 0,3610. Uji reliabilitas dalam penelitian ini menggunakan software SPSS25. sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 30 responden. Berdasarkan hasil olahdata di atas, maka estimasi fungsi regresi diperoleh sebagai berikut.Y = 9.327 + 0.293 X1 + 0.099 X2 + 0.402 X3. nilai F-hitung atau Sig (0.000) <  5%, Maka 𝐻0 ditolak yang berarti kepemimpinan (X1), konflik interpersonal (X2) dan komunikasi (X3) secara bersama-sama mampu mempengaruhi variabel kepuasan kerja (Y) pegawai honorer kantor DPRD Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Berdasarkan hasil regresi linear berganda diperoleh nilai t-statistik variabel kepemimpinan sebesar 2.019 > t-tabel atau Sig. 0.047 <  5%, maka 𝐻0 ditolak dan 𝐻𝑎 diterima. Kata Kunci : Kepemimpinan, Interpersonal,Komunikasi, Kepuasan Kerja
Pengaruh karakteristik keuangan dan inflasi terhadap return saham pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di bursa efek indonesia periode 2018-2022
Authors: Zulfa Salsabila , Pambudi Januar Eky
Published: February 2025

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of financial characteristics and inflation on stock returns in banking companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the 2018-2022 period. This research uses quantitative methods with descriptive methods used to measure the impact of current ratio, return on assets, debt to equity ratio, and inflation on stock returns. The sample was 15 banks for 5 years, so the total observations processed were 75 amounts of data. Descriptive statistical analysis and data evaluation with Eviews for hypothesis testing. Data processing is assisted by Microsoft Excel and Eviews software. Based on the test, the contribution of Current Ratio (CR), Return on Assets (ROA), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and Inflation to Stock Returns is 38.6%. CR has a positive and significant influence on stock returns because the p-value is 0.0491 (< 0.05). ROA has a positive and significant influence on stock returns because the p-values are 0.0474 (< 0.05). DER has a positive and significant influence on stock returns because the p-value is 0.0372 (< 0.05). Inflation has a positive and significant influence on stock returns because the p-value is 0.0285 (< 0.05). The CR, ROA, DER and Inflation variables together (simultaneously) have an influence on stock returns because the p-values are 0.049186 (< 0.05).
Licensing Of SMEs Under Law Number 11 Of 2020 Concerning Work Creation Reviewed From Cost-Benefit Analysis
Authors: Kurniawan Itok Dwi
Published: February 2025

This research aims to find out two things, namely the amendments to the articles ofLaw Number 20 of 2008 concerning Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation, especially regarding the requirements for establishing MSMEs, as well as cost analysis andbenefits in comparison to Law Number 20 of 2008 concerning MSMEss and Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation. The research design used is a normative legal research method, namely the comparison of legislation between Law Number 20 of 2008 concerning MSMEs and Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation. The data analysis technique used is content analysis andcost and benefit analysis to determine the impact of the Job Creation Law on society. The Job Creation Law makes it easier for prospective MSMEs players and MSMEs entrepreneurs. MSME will get legality to facilitate tax administration, making it easier to get incentives. Based on the analysis of costs and benefits, the Job Creation Law can increase economic growth, increase the number of jobs, andincrease income. In contrast, the costs incurred include administrative costs,monitoring costs, risk control costs, conflict costs, and environmental damage costs. The Job Creation Law must provide a single database management status, especially regarding OSS for MSMEss, related to regulated data and its functions so that business actors can feel a positive impact
Native Africa Trees; Diversity, Distribution and Conservation status
Authors: Muanenda Mitiku , Nsereko Victor
Published: February 2025

Documenting the distribution of biodiversity and understanding its patterns are fundamental steps in developing effective conservation strategies and planning for the sustainable use of these resources in the future. This study was initiated with the goal of organizing information on native tree species in Africa, specifically focusing on their diversity, distribution, and conservation status. Data on native tree species from each African country were downloaded from publicly available online sources, primarily from BGCI, RAINBIO, WFO, and IUCN. The datasets for each of Africa's 58 countries were compiled in Microsoft Excel 2019 by adding two columns (country and sub-region), and the data were then analyzed to assess tree diversity and distribution. Similar taxonomic data were merged from the APCD and RAINBIO databases. Taxonomic diversity and distribution were analyzed using R (version 4.4), while conservation status data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2019.The results of the study indicate that Africa is home to 9,304 native tree species, belonging to 48 orders and 155 plant families. Of these, 99.25% (9,234 species) are angiosperms, and the remaining 67 species are gymnosperms. Madagascar is the most species-diverse country, with 3,204 native tree species. Other highly diverse countries include Cameroon (2,047 species), Congo (2,028), Tanzania (1,753), and Gabon (1,689). Among the 9,304-native species, 50.51% (4,705 species) are narrow endemics, found only in one African country. Of these, 78.18% (3,827 species) are found exclusively in East Africa, 13.79% (675 species) in Middle Africa, 0.51% (35 species) in North Africa, 5.29% (259 species) in Southern Africa, and 2.23% (109 species) in Western Africa. Additionally, 61.2% (5,694 species) are considered threatened based on IUCN Red List criteria. East Africa alone accounts for 63.73% (5,930 species) of all threatened native tree species, making it the most threatened sub-region. Approximately 50% of Africa's native tree species are not conserved ex situ or in situ. Overall, the findings suggest that East Africa, with its high diversity and threat levels, is the most critical sub-region for conservation efforts. Immediate action is needed to conserve narrow endemic and threatened tree species across the continent. Given the limited information available on their propagation methods, further research is essential to ensure the sustainable use and conservation of these important resources.Keywords Native Africa Trees, Distribution, Taxonomy, conservation status
Conservation of Entropy and Landauer Limit Approach to Gravity in a Holographic Framework
Authors: Manuel William
Published: February 2025

This paper explores how the Landauer Limit at Hawking Temperature input builds a bridge between quantum mechanics and General Relativity. By starting with the energy cost of measurement in constrained degrees of freedom, we uncover insights into gravitational energy and black hole thermodynamics. As the framework develops, it reveals connections to larger questions in physics, including the emergence of dark energy and the role of entropy in cosmic evolution. This step-by-step approach is built on known principles to suggest a unified perspective.
The Public Health Economy: the “Other” Economy
Authors: Williams Christopher
Published: February 2025

The public health economy is defined as the second major "economy" next to the traditional growth and employment economy. This paper defines critical areas of applied public health economic theory to frame the root causes of health inequity reproduction. It argues that current theories, including within public health theory, has not adequately accounted for the whole of the public health economy. Questions follow that that are intended to recast public health within a more grounded theory, drawing from various fields of study (e.g., implementation science, political theory, economics, education, research, and moral reasoning). Building on Public Health Liberation theory, a fuller discussion of public health economic analysis illustrates a compelling case for uniting disciplinary epistemologies under a general theory of public health. The author draws from environmentalism, housing determinants of health, education, policy positioning, political stimulus-response theory, research ethics, the regulatory and auditing ecosystem, legislative affairs, governmental responses to civil complaints, civics, historical interpretation, social theory, and legal theory. The conceptualization of the public health economy is a major contribution to the literature and social discourse. This manuscript provides an innovative conceptual framing to spur reform in public health theory and policy reform.
The Reverse Observer Effect
Authors: Nosenko K.
Published: February 2025

"The Reverse Observer Effect" is a novel hypothesis proposing that a secondary, external observer restores quantum systems to their wave-like state when human observation ceases. This challenges the conventional view of wavefunction collapse as a one-directional process, suggesting a dynamically reversible interplay between observation and quantum states. If valid, this concept could reshape our understanding of wavefunction behavior, decoherence, and the nature of reality itself, opening new directions for experimental verification in quantum mechanics.
Public sector culture does not increase honest behavior: Evidence from RCTs in five countries
Authors: Sulitzeanu-Kenan Raanan , Tepe Markus , Alon-Barkat Saar , Erlbruch Florian , Yair Omer , Jankowski Michael , Prokop Christine
Published: February 2025

Honest behavior of public sector workers is an important quality of governance, impacting the functioning of government institutions, the level of corruption, economic development and public trust. Scholars often assume that honesty is inherent to public sector culture, however empirical evidence on the causal effect of public sector culture on honest behavior is lacking. This research addresses this question by estimating the causal effect of priming public sector identity on the honest behavior of public employees. We validated an instrument for priming public sector identity, and employed it in five preregistered incentivized experiments among civil servants in Germany, Israel, Italy, Sweden and the UK (N=2,827). We find no evidence for the effect of public sector culture on honest behavior in both individual (four studies) and collaborative (one study) tasks. The theoretical implications of these results for the study of moral behavior in the public sector are discussed.
Eyes on the Prize: A Frame-Semantic Gaze at Referents of Action
Authors: Hinrichs Nicolás , Foradi Maryam , Lorenzi Arthur , Vernillo Paola , Viridiano Marcelo , Torrent Tiago , Czulo Oliver
Published: February 2025

This study investigates within the framework of Frame Semantics and building on Event Segmentation Theory how gaze patterns align with semantic structures in dynamic visual contexts, focusing on the referents of action. Using the Framed Multi30K dataset—a multimodal dataset enriched with frame semantic annotations—an eye-tracking experiment was conducted to analyze participants’ visual attention under two conditions: non-verbal tasks and English audio descriptions. Stimuli consisted of images depicting dynamic Cause_Motion events annotated with semantic frames to examine how attentional allocation corresponds to event-relevant frame elements, such as agents, themes, and paths. This study demonstrates a proof-of-concept pipeline to enable systematic, hypothesis-testing investigations of event-driven attention and, more broadly, event cognition, by aligning and integrating fixation data with annotations, with potential implications for multimodal applications, such as imagecaptioning and grounded language understanding.
Data of Advanced High Strength Steel Column Pure Compression Tests
Authors: Ding Chu
Published: February 2025

This article contains 156 pure compression tests on unbraced Advanced High strength Steel (AHSS) columns. An experimental study has been conducted to investigate the compressive strength of cold-formed steel members made from AHSS sheets. Four parameters are varied in the testing: nominal yield stress (340 MPa to 1200MPa), member length (305 mm to 1219 mm), cross-section types (C and Sigma), and section depth (102 mm and 152 mm). The failure behavior of the longer unbraced length columns with higher strength steel are observed to exhibit buckling mode interactions. The peak loads from the tests are compared to the strength predictions by the Direct Strength Method (DSM) implemented in AISI S100 and AS/NZS 4600.
Early development of brain functional networks: A longitudinal EEG study
Authors: Rico-Picó Josué
Published: February 2025

During the first years of life, functional brain networks undergo significant reconfiguration. Functional MRI (fMRI) studies have shown that maturation is driven by both the segregation of nearby functional areas (weakening of short-range functional connections) and the integration of distant regions (strengthening of long-range functional connections). While fMRI provides high spatial resolution, it does not capture rapid neural activity. Therefore, neuroimaging techniques with high temporal resolution, such as EEG, can complement fMRI data. To date, few cross-sectional studies have explored electrophysiological network development, yielding mixed results. Our study addressed these limitations by registering baseline EEG activity in a longitudinal sample of participants who were followed from 6 to 36 months of age. We computed network connectivity using different connectivity parameters (coherence, PLI, and dwPLI), in both binary and weighted networks, separately for oscillatory activity in alpha, theta, and beta frequency bands. The coherence-based connectivity networks showed the most significant age-related changes and consistent results. Specifically, we found that the small-world topology and modularity were prominent from 6 months of age, although the clustering properties and integration of the network increased with age in all frequency bands. These changes occurred in both weighted and binary networks but with opposite directions regarding network integration.
Survey measures of subjective response to alcohol are improved by incorporating questions about the intensity of alcohol effects
Authors: Wang Frances , Das Sanjana , Thomas Deepa , Chung Tammy , Pedersen Sarah
Published: February 2025

Objective: Extant survey measures of subjective response to alcohol, an important risk factor for alcohol problems, query the number of drinks to experience alcohol effects but do not consider how intensely individuals experience them. We tested whether new measures of the intensity of alcohol effects, alongside the “number of drinks,” contributed uniquely or interactively in predicting alcohol problems. We examined associations among these subjective response variables with race and sex assigned at birth. Method: Participants (N=246; 18-50 years; 44.3% Black; 55.7% White; 58.4% assigned female; 41.6% assigned male) were oversampled for alcohol-related risk and completed an online survey. Participants reported the number of drinks to experience alcohol effects (ASQ; Fleming et al., 2016), the intensity of these alcohol effects, alcohol-related problems, and covariates (heavy drinking frequency, tolerance, demographics). Results: According to confirmatory factor analyses, two factors underlay the ‘number of drinks items (“stimulation-number of drinks,” “sedation-number of drinks”), and the same for the alcohol effect intensity items (“stimulation intensity,” “sedation intensity”). Stimulation intensity and sedation-number of drinks were significantly associated with, and interacted to predict, alcohol problems; individuals reporting both greater stimulation intensity and needing more drinks to experience sedation showed greatest risk. Black relative to White individuals reported greater intensity of, and needing more drinks to feel, stimulation. Male relative to female individuals reported needing more drinks to feel sedation. Conclusions: Participants’ self-reports of the intensity of alcohol effects may capture an important aspect of subjective response that could improve existing survey-based measures of this important alcohol-related risk factor.
More than just Smiling: How 22 Positive Emotions are Spontaneously Expressed on the Face
Authors: Manokara Kunalan , Teulings Irene Johanna Elisabeth , Cong Yong-Qi , Kamiloglu Roza Gizem , Fischer Agneta , Sauter Disa
Published: February 2025

Thankfully, most people feel good most of the time, and we often spontaneously show our positive feelings to others. Yet our scientific understanding of how we express positive emotions is largely based on posed displays. Here, we empirically test how 22 positive emotions are expressed on the face using the participant-negotiated episodic recall method. European respondents (n = 163) narrated emotional events from their lives (data collected from 2018 to 2020). Frequency analyses of the extracted facial expressions (67, 279 datapoints) mostly supported our pre-registered hypotheses for each of the 22 emotions. The results from our confirmatory analyses are illustrated with the aid of animated videos: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1pTz_cObpFEYs5hsGUGOPVjUd0nq0Acgt?usp=drive_link. We also applied network models to exploratorily probe whether discrete positive emotions would be associated with specific patterns of facial behaviors. Consistent patterns of facial expressions were found for 19 positive emotions; some were simple (e.g., hope, interest), while others were highly complex and involved multiple facial actions (e.g., amusement, triumph). Together, these results provide a tentative map of what specific positive emotions look like when spontaneously shown on the face. Importantly, none of the positive emotions were expressed merely by smiling alone, demonstrating that people show that they feel good in a wide range of qualitatively different ways.
Dissecting the Remote Associates Test (RAT): Exploring the Dynamics of Semantic Search in Creative Thinking
Authors: Patel Tanvi , Hoffman Paul , MacPherson Sarah E.
Published: February 2025

Creative ideas often stem from a deliberate process involving the exploration and exploitation of our existing knowledge. This study explores the cognitive mechanisms behind creative problem-solving, focusing on the phases of idea generation and evaluation in the Remote Associates Test (RAT). Generating novel ideas relies on an effective, goal-directed search through semantic memory, while evaluation requires the careful assessment of potential ideas for their appropriateness. These phases are analogous to semantic control processes, which manage the search, manipulation and selection of knowledge in line with specific goals. The current work investigates how individual differences in these cognitive processes relate to performance in divergent and convergent thinking tasks, by deconstructing the standard RAT to isolate generation and evaluation processes. Further, we examined the role of retrieval strategies, specifically clustering (grouping related concepts) and switching (moving between different areas of semantic space), in creative thought. Our findings indicate that the ability to generate ideas under multiple constraints predicts fluency in divergent thinking tasks, while strong evaluation skills may inhibit originality. Furthermore, the analysis of clustering and switching strategies reveals that effective semantic search involves a balance between deep exploration of specific conceptual areas and broad exploration across different semantic clusters. These findings suggest that multiple strategies can lead to creative success, underscoring the importance of flexible cognitive strategies in navigating the semantic space during creative problem-solving.
Mind Wandering and Bipolar Spectrum Disorder Risk and Symptoms in Emerging Adults: An Experience Sampling Approach
Authors: Manns Bryn , Le Nina N , Villanueva Cynthia , Ibonie Stevi , Jensen Emily , Bryan Angela , D'Mello Sidney , Gruber June
Published: February 2025

Mind wandering (MW), or having thoughts not tied to the immediate activity/task, has been associated with deleterious psychological health outcomes including decreased happiness and increased depression. Few studies to date, however, have examined the relationship between MW and more severe mood health outcomes, including bipolar spectrum disorder (BSD) risk and mood symptoms in emerging adults. Across two pre-registered studies (Study 1: Spring 2019, n = 132; Study 2: Spring 2020, n = 133) we assessed associations between self-reported BSD risk and mood symptoms with overall, positive-valence, and negative-valence MW-frequency four times a day across 14 consecutive days. No significant associations emerged between overall MW-frequency and BSD risk or mood symptoms across both studies. In Study 1, BSD risk was associated with increased positive MW-frequency, which held when controlling for current symptoms. In Study 2, mania symptoms were associated with greater positive MW-frequency, and both depressive and manic symptoms were associated with greater negative MW-frequency. These findings suggest mood-congruent associations between positive-valence MW and BSD-relevant risk and mood symptoms, whereas negative-valence MW was associated with both depression and mania mood severity. Further work is warranted to investigate the translational relevance of thought patterns in everyday life with mood disturbance dimensions.
Situation-specific Prosocial Behaviors Predict Substance Use and Anxiety Symptoms in Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Jangard Simon , Vieira Joana , Garke Maria Åbonde , Ojala Olivia , Månsson Kristoffer , Sörman Karolina , Alaoui Samir El , Hedman-Lagerlöf Maria , Rozental Alexander , Forsström David , Lundin Johan , Shahnavaz Shervin , Lundgren Tobias , Olsson Andreas , Jayaram-Lindström Nitya
Published: February 2025

Background. Deficits in social behaviors have been suggested as a promising treatment target for psychiatric disorders. While social context influences prosocial behavior in healthy individuals, its role in the development of psychiatric disorders remains unclear. We hypothesized that situation-specific prosocial behaviors would predict long-term psychiatric symptoms in individuals with common psychiatric disorders. Method. In a 1-year longitudinal cohort study (n = 4484 at baseline), we followed a population sample with self-reported psychiatric disorders to investigate if six situation-specific prosocial behavior subtypes were associated with and predictive of alcohol use, substance use, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Prosocial behaviors were assessed at baseline, while psychiatric symptoms were measured at baseline and monthly. Multiple regression and latent class linear mixed models were used to identify associations and predictions.Results. Reduced anonymous prosociality at baseline was associated with (β = -.250, p = .007) and predictive of (β = -.025, p = .005) later alcohol use. Increased public prosociality was associated with (β = .226, p = .011) and predictive of later substance use (β = .024, p = .002), and increased emotional prosociality was associated with (β = 1.17, p < .001) and predictive of later anxiety symptoms (β = -.128, p < .001). No predictive effects were found for depressive symptoms.Conclusions. Situation-specific prosocial behaviors predict subsequent alcohol use, substance use, and anxiety symptoms in psychiatric disorders. Our findings suggest that prosocial subtypes may inform both risk and resilience factors and can guide prevention efforts and mental health treatments.
Towards artificial general intelligence by reverse-engineering the human (heart-)mind
Authors: Klimaj Victoria , Safron Adam
Published: February 2025

In this final set of explorations/meditations (of three), we examine the requirements for developing artificial general intelligence (AGI) through the lens of human cognitive architecture, with particular emphasis on the role of narrative selfhood and social cognition. Drawing on perspectives from cognitive science, philosophy of mind, and artificial intelligence research, we critically evaluate current claims about the capabilities of large language models, particularly regarding their purported achievements of theory of mind and self-awareness. We argue that genuinely human-like artificial intelligence may require more than sophisticated pattern recognition and language modeling, potentially necessitating the development of coherent narrative self-models and rich causal understanding. Special attention is given to the relationship between consciousness, conscience, and trustworthy AI systems, suggesting that meaningful artificial intelligence may require forms of richly-embodied and socially-embedded development to achieve robust and reliable functionality. We conclude by proposing that the path to artificial general intelligence may require recapitulating aspects of human cognitive development, particularly regarding the construction of narrative identity and social-moral reasoning capabilities. This analysis has implications for both the technical development of AI systems and the ethical frameworks through which we evaluate artificial minds.
The Interplay Between Subcortical and Prefrontal Brain Structures in Shaping Ideological Belief Formation and Updating
Authors: Nemeth Dezso , Vékony Teodóra , Orosz Gabor , Sarnyai Zoltan , Zmigrod Leor
Published: February 2025

History illustrates that economic crises and other socio-political threats often lead to a rise of polarization and radicalism, whereby people become more susceptible to intolerant political messages, including propaganda and populist rhetoric. Political science, sociology, economics, and psychology have explored many dimensions of this phenomenon, yet a critical piece of the puzzle is still missing: what cognitive and neural mechanisms in the brain mediate between these threats and responsiveness to political messages? To answer this question, here, we present a theory that combines cognitive neuroscience theories, namely stress-induced memory shift and competitive cognitive processes, with political science. Our Threat-based Neural Switch Theory posits that the processing of political information, similarly to other information processing, is shaped by the competitive interaction between goal-directed and habitual processes. Threats, also encompassing resource overload, can shift neural networks towards receptiveness to oversimplified political messages. This theory sets out a research program aimed at discovering the cognitive and neural underpinning of how situational factors alter brain functions and modify political information processing.
No Evidence for a Targeted Memory Reactivation Effect on Word-Meaning Priming
Authors: Ball Lewis Vincent , Kimel Eva , Keller Vanessa Gabriela , Ward Eloise , Cairney Scott , Mak Matthew HC , Rodd Jennifer M , Gaskell M. Gareth
Published: February 2025

The subordinate meaning of a homonym becomes temporarily more accessible after it is encountered, an effect termed word-meaning priming. Over the longer-term, word-meaning priming is better maintained across periods of sleep compared with wakefulness. This has been explained as sleep actively consolidating episodic memories related to recent linguistic events (Gaskell et al., 2019). Here, we tested this hypothesis by investigating whether word-meaning priming can be boosted following sleep using targeted memory reactivation (TMR), a technique of biassing specific memories for sleep-based consolidation by presenting information-associated sensory cues during sleep. Experiment 1 confirmed that word-meaning priming is elicited with the inclusion of encoding instructions that are necessary for a TMR manipulation. In Experiment 2, 40 (of 80) homonyms were primed toward their subordinate meaning in an exposure phase via a sentence, which was also associated with an auditory cue (the homonym) for TMR. Participants then took a ~2 hour nap, where half of the cues from exposure (memory cues) were replayed with the aim of strengthening the subordinate sentence meaning, along with 20 cues that had not been encountered previously (control cues). After sleep, there was an overall word-meaning priming effect, however there was no additional benefit of TMR on priming, nor did TMR benefit the recall of contextual information. Interestingly, there was an increased sleep spindle/beta band power response to memory cues relative to control cues, indicating cue-evoked memory reprocessing during sleep. These findings imply a bounded role of sleep in actively consolidating linguistic-related memories.
Blogs and Body Dissatisfaction: A Corpus-Based Examination of Keyness and Collocation
Authors: Dollarhide Lauren , Dykeman Cass
Published: February 2025

Language is central to how an individual expresses themselves, as well as how they feel about themselves. No corpus linguistics study examining language related to body dissatisfaction exists. The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the language used by individuals blogging about their body dissatisfaction utilizing measures of keyness and collocation through Sketch Engine software. The results of this study show that individuals discussing body dissatisfaction frequently use terms related to social comparison (e.g., “people,” “look”), while multiword expressions (e.g., “I feel,” “I think”) highlight the cognitive and emotional aspects of body dissatisfaction. The findings in this study offer guidance for the treatment of individuals experiencing body dissatisfaction and highlight implications for future research and practice. Keywords: body image, body dissatisfaction, Reddit, keyness, collocation, corpus linguistics
Students ask, tests don’t listen: The misalignment between changing demands of academia, and academic listening pedagogy and assessment
Authors: Senel Burak
Published: February 2025

The nature of academic lectures, particularly in North America, is changing from traditional monologic lecturing towards a more dialogic one, where listening is both interactional and transactional, as opposed to solely transactional (i.e., listening to achieve tasks). One important strategy students employ in these increasingly dialogic lectures is questioning. However, empirically, we know too little about student questioning overall, let alone additional language student questioning, particularly in interactive academic contexts, and we lack an interactive listening construct and model that reflect the current ability and strategy demands of academia. Our limited empirical understanding and integration of a key component of interactive listening (i.e., student questioning) can result in limitations in listening pedagogy and assessment. To contribute to our endeavors in reflecting the interactive nature of lecturing in pedagogy and assessment, I propose and explicate a construct and a model that I argue better reflect the nature of academia today, and illustrate their applicability with a demonstration task.
China’s Initiatives Within the Framework of the Dialogue Among Civilizations
Authors: Rozhkova Z. P.
Published: February 2025

The People’s Republic of China at the moment is a symbiosis of ancient and modern, self-sufficient and open, peaceful and tough. Such a yin-yang has existed throughout China’s history as a civilisation-state. Nowadays, realising the fundamental changes on the world stage, and having sufficient resources (political, economic and ideological and value-based) to do so, Beijing seeks to take the role of a conscious pragmatic leader in a multipolar world. It recognises the existence of other ‘civilisational states’ and, while they are still unformed in their status, not only builds comprehensive links with them and involves them in its own picture of the world by proposing a triad of initiatives, but also generally builds them into a ‘community of the common destiny of mankind’ with the Chinese specificity and discursive hegemony. China, as a strong power-civilisation, is now able not only to ‘inspire’ and propose ideas and values that are streamlined in their formulation, but is also ready to control their implementation. The purpose of this article is to reveal the peculiarities of the People’s Republic of China’s ‘selfhood’ and its ability to shape its own ideological and value spaces. The paper uses linguistic, historical, socio-cultural methods of analysis, which allows us to consider this topic comprehensively.