bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Basic pulse sequences in the diagnosis of abdominal pathology
Authors: Syrkashev Egor M. , Kadyrberdieva Faina Z. , Abuladze Liya R. , Semenov Dmitriy S. , Privalova Ekaterina G.
Published: April 2023

Magnetic resonance imaging is used for diagnosing abdominal and retroperitoneal space pathology, which allows visualizing focal or diffuse lesions in the parenchymal and hollow viscera with high diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility. Magnetic resonance imaging has advantages over computed tomography in the sensitivity and specificity of determining pathological changes in parenchymal organs, bile ducts and ducts of the pancreas, peritoneum, and retroperitoneal space.
The multiparametric protocol provides information about the mutual topography of organs and their structure and the functional state of tissues. This allows to move from structural to functional evaluation. In most cases, the standard abdominal protocol includes T1-weighted images, T2-weighted images, diffusion-weighted images, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. Depending on the objectives and patients condition, this protocol can be significantly reduced or supplemented.
Existing technical developments and achievements make it possible to simplify the scanning process and reduce the time for obtaining images while increasing the reproducibility of techniques in different healthcare institutions.
Relationships between Child Maltreatment Occurrence Levels and the Characteristics of Community Built Environment
Authors:   center for social welfare research yonsei university, Jung Sun Young
Published: April 2023

This study explored the relationships between child maltreatment occurrence levels and the characteristics of community built environment, which is composed of housing and neighborhood environments; the housing environment was measured through rates of abandoned housing, rates of apartments, and rates of housing lacking adequate space, and the neighborhood environment was composed of the green area per person, the number of cultural infrastructure, and the access to public transportation. The analyses were implemented on both total child maltreatment cases and emergent cases. Main findings based on multilevel negative binomial regression model are as follows. First, when all others are equal, the communities with higher rates of apartments or less cultural infrastructure of access to public transportation were more likely to have higher number of total child maltreatment cases. Second, when all others are equal, the communities with higher rates of housing lacking adequate space or more green area, or less cultural infrastructure or access to public transportation were more likely to have higher number of emergent child maltreatment cases. Based on findings, future research directions and practical implications were suggested.
The military selection regime during the Gia Long (1802 - 1820) and Minh Mang (1820 - 1841) periods
Authors: Bui Gia Khanh
Published: April 2023

The article begins with a brief overview of the military selection regime in Vietnam before the eighteenth century and then focuses on clarifying the military selection regime implemented under Gia Long and Minh Mang. The author mainly uses historical methods analysis, and historical statistics from ancient Vietnamese bibliographical sources to clarify the process of implementing the selection regime through the two dynasties of King Gia Long and Minh Mang. The purpose of the military selection regime of the Gia Long and Minh Mang periods was also to classify the population into different classes for taxation and at the same time use it as a basis for recruiting soldiers. Research results show that from the Gia Long period (1802 - 1820) until Minh Mang (1820 - 1841) the military selection regime has become more and more complete associated with the process of concentrating the power of the monarchical state. In addition, the difficulties in implementing the military selection regime in the northern mountainous region also showed that the central court could not completely dominate this area, even during the most complete central government period under Minh Mang.
Assessment of the status of eco-economic model development in the Kon river basin, Binh Dinh province
Authors: Phan Thi Le Thuy , Ha Van Hanh , Nguyen Thi Huyen
Published: April 2023

The eco-economic model is one of the economic development orientations associated with environmental protection, ensuring sustainable development for the territories. According to the eco-economic approach, the article has assessed the current status of developing eco-economic models in the Kon river basin, Binh Dinh province by the method of participatory rural appraisal and cost-benefit analysis based on three values: present value (PV), net present value (NPV), benefit-cost ratio (BCR). The results show the households have applied many different eco-economic models in agricultural and forestry production (18 types of models). Most of the models in the basin have components: fields, gardens, and barns. The model of rice field - garden - barn (Ru-V-C) accounted for the highest percentage (33.07%). The model of rice field - garden - pond - barn - forest (Ru-V-A-C-R) has the highest average annual profit of 237 million VND\year after discounting. Models with 3-4 components have created a link in the material-energy cycle in production, taking advantage of by-products, and protecting the environment. The evaluation results are the basis for proposing eco-economic models suitable to the potential and resources of the Kon river basin, Binh Dinh province.
Formulation and evaluation of herbal syrup of turmeric extract
Authors: Nerkar Amit Gajanan , Nagarkar Rushikesh
Published: April 2023

In the Indian subcontinent, turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn) is widely grown and consumed as a spice. Traditional medicine has used turmeric to treat a variety of ailments, such as diabetes, liver disease, and cough. Many studies have been conducted over the past decades to determine the pharmacological effects of turmeric and its derivatives. The main chemical component of turmeric, curcumin, has been shown to have pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-mutagenic, antidiabetic, and antibacterial properties. , protect liver, expectorant and anti-cancer. Turmeric, also known as Curcuma longa L. (root and rhizome), is a plant of high medicinal and commercial value, mainly used as a spice and functional food around the world. Three curcuminoids - curcumin (diferuloylmethane, the main ingredient that gives turmeric its yellow color), demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin - are the main active ingredients in turmeric. Volatile oils (zingiberene, atlantone, tomerol, etc.) also have pharmacological effects. In addition, turmeric contains proteins, resins and carbohydrates. Turmeric is a powerful antioxidant and has significant anti-inflammatory properties. Turmeric's anti-inflammatory properties may be directly related to its anti-cancer properties. Lab-scale formulation was made with herbal syrup and evaluated for several parameters such as pH, viscosity, density, stability testing during formulation evaluation. is a stable and ready-to-know formula. F1, F2, F3 and F4 have been prepared with different amounts of ingredients such as alcohol, sugar and a final amount of syrup. Results show that Herbal Syrup Formula 4 (F4) is more stable than other forms.
Onychomycosis due to Trichophyton violaceum in HIV/AIDS patients of sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Kalsi Avneet Singh , Thakur Rameshwari
Published: April 2023

High prevalence of HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa is responsible for very high burden of mycotic infections. Also, most of the countries here have highly burdened health system compared to their health budget.

Onychomycosis is a chronic fungal infection of fingers and toenails. It is usually caused by dermatophytes, yeasts, and non-dermatophyte molds (NDM). Prevalence and severity of infection is more in immunosuppressed individuals, especially with HIV/AIDS. The laboratory diagnosis of the causative organism is very important to initiate the specific treatment. Persistence of infection can be the source of infection to the patient himself by autoinoculation and to others. The treatment of HIV/AIDS is mandatory. Onychomycosis in HIV/AIDS patients is usually due to Trichophyton rubrum and involve the toenails. The reports of onychomycosis due to dermatophytes from sub-Saharan Africa are scanty. There are only two reports, which have mentioned onychomycosis due to (T.violaceum) and involvement of fingernails in HIV/AIDS.
Herpes zoster: An observational study and an overview
Authors: Savita Koregol , B.K Shamseena , Ranagol Anand , Hosthota Abhineetha
Published: April 2023

Herpes zoster is a very common viral infection with disabling complications like post herpetic neuralgia in the affected dermatomes. Though this study was aimed to identify the most common dermatome involved, we also tried to find out the underlying triggers which herald the onset of this condition. Adequate treatment at appropriate time will prevent the complications associated with this disease, thereby enhancing quality of life for all patients.
Comparison of different methods to determine the viability of dermatophytes in skin scrapings
Authors: Tandon Megha , Singh Sanjay , Tilak Ragini
Published: April 2023

One of the most prevalent infectious dermatoses seen in dermatology outpatient clinics is superficial fungal infections of the skin, hair, and nails. Filamentous fungi, dermatophytes, which invade and colonise the keratinised layers of the skin, are the main cause of skin fungal infection. Sometimes there is a discrepancy between the results of microscopy and culture for dermatophytes. If the microscopy of scrapings is positive due to presence of non-viable fungus, no growth will take place in culture. Culture is the method used to determine the presence of viable dermatophytes. However, the problem with culture is the long time, up to 4 weeks, that is required for the growth of fungus to take place.

Aim of the present study is to develop a simple, rapid method(s) for identification of live dermatophytes in skin scrapings.

The novel methods used for identification of live dermatophytes in skin scrapings were direct microscopic examination using periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain, trypan blue stain, neutral red stain, and methylene blue stain; and their results were compared with culture on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Dermatophyte Test Medium (DTM).

Out of a total 91 samples, fungi were isolated in 81 (89%) in SDA and 66 (72.5%) in DTM. Sixty-eight (74.7%) showed evidence of viable fungi on microscopic examination after staining with PAS and 77 (84.6%) with trypan blue. In 84 patients, the culture was positive either by SDA or DTM or both culture media, out of which 64 (76.2%) were detected viable on staining with PAS and 74 (88.1%) on staining with trypan blue. Three skin samples that failed to grow on both SDA and DTM demonstrated viable fungi on microscopic examination after staining with PAS. Four skin samples that failed to grow on both SDA and DTM demonstrated viable fungi on microscopic examination after staining with trypan blue. Taking culture positivity in SDA or DTM or both media, as the gold standard, the sensitivity of trypan blue stain was 88.1% and specificity was 57.1%. The sensitivity of PAS stain was 76.2% and specificity was 42.9%.

Although culture remains the gold standard to identify viable dermatophytes; trypan blue and PAS stains, as described, may be used as simple and rapid alternatives to culture.
Atypical erythema multiforme like pityriasis rosea manifestation following Covid vaccine
Authors: Geetha K , Puja
Published: April 2023

Various cutaneous manifestations have been reported after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine of different types. The commonest reactions were delayed large local reactions, local injection site reactions, urticaria, and morbilliform eruptions following mRNA vaccines. There are very few reports of erythema multiforme (EM) and pityriasis rosea(PR) following Covid vaccines. Erythema multiforme (EM) is one of the commonest reaction following viral infections, drugs and vaccines. Here we are reporting a case of atypical erythema multiforme like pityriasis rosea manifestation following Covishield Covid vaccine second dose.
Mysterious mycetoma foot – A case series
Authors: Priyanka A Nivedha
Published: April 2023

Mycetoma or Madura foot is an unique tropical disease affecting skin, subcutaneous tissue,and bones commonly the foot, characterized by triad of localized swelling, multiple sinus tracts and discharge of grains or granules. The causative microorganism enters the skin through minor abrasions caused by trivial injuries. Mycetoma classified into eumycetoma caused by fungus such as Madurella mycetomatis etc, and actinomycetoma caused by bacteria such as Actinomadura madurae etc. Approximately 75% of mycetoma cases are actinomycetoma in India. Usually Actinomycetoma responds well to antibacterial therapy whereas eumycetoma poorly responds to antifungal therapy with frequent recurrences.

Three cases of actinomycetoma foot were reported at Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital. These cases were males of low socioeconomic status, residing at villages (rural areas) around Chidambaram town and farmers by occupation. These cases were provisionally diagnosed as actinomycetoma foot clinically and with laboratory investigation such as KOH, Gram stain. Confirmation was done by Fungal culture and Biopsy. No bony involvement was confirmed by radiologically. These three cases were treated with Welsch regimen of 3 cycles of injection amikacin IV for 21 days thrice at the interval of 15 days combined with oral Cotrimaxole for 6 months showed satisfying response. Out of three cases one case showed recurrence due to irregular treatment undergone by the patient. The recurrence was confirmed by repeat biopsy which showed the evidence of sinus tracts lined by inflammatory vascular granulation tissue. This case was presented mainly to establish the prolonged disease course and often diagnosed at the later stage.

Therefore the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges along with epidemiological data emphasis the need to pay more attention to this unique neglected tropical disease.
HOW THE MASS MEDIA AND THE PUBLIC DISCOURSE AFFECTS INTENTIONAL COMMUNITIES: AN ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY
Authors: Halili Trime
Published: April 2023

The paper explores the journey of an organization that is a small intentional community, whose objective is to contribute to the new forms of sociality as well as the artistic and cultural life of the youth in the city of Tetova in North Macedonia. For the sake of better comprehension concerning how mass media can affect the public discourse, a case study is examined of a recent incident that happened in the community. The methodology used for this study is applied anthropology as a practice, which involves a problem-solving approach that draws on the knowledge and skills of anthropology to develop culturally sensitive solutions to the challenges this community faces.
PARENTAL FACTORS AS PREDICTORS OF IN-SCHOOL ADOLESCENTS’ BULLYING BEHAVIORS IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Mustapha Mulikat Ladi A. , Muhammed Shuaib A. , Tiamiyu Kamoru A. , Okesina Falilat A.
Published: April 2023

Bullying is a complicated issue that arises from intricate relationships between family members, peers, the school community, and culture. One of the key indicators of bullying is parental variables. Studies linking various parental factors to bullying behaviour or roles are scarce, particularly in Nigeria. Therefore, this study examined parental factors as predictors of in-school adolescents’ bullying behaviors in Kwara state, Nigeria. The population comprised 223, 893 in-school adolescents in Kwara State and a sample of 400 was drawn from this population across the State. The data were collected through the use of researchers’ designed scale. The data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistic. In the results, parental factors significantly predict in-school adolescents bullying perpetration and victimization. Based on the findings of the study appropriate recommendations were made.
SOCIAL INTEGRATION AND SOCIAL MOBILITY: AN EXAMPLE FROM HODÁSZ
Authors: Szabó Henriett
Published: April 2023

The paper examines the social mobility process of Romani youngsters in a settlement that is in one of the most disadvantaged regions of Hungary. Hodász became the centre of interest due to the relevant research concerning the mobility issue, because here, just contrary to the communities have similar sociocultural features, there are number of young Romani who could stand out by learning. The author interprets in wider aspects the determinative local norms, and the scale of values of local Vlach Romani community make possible for lots of local youngsters, that they can be graduated. In the second part of the paper the reader can understand the intellectual career by three studies, and consequently the social integration doesn’t automatically yield social mobility. In the situational analyses of Hodász example can be circumscribed the specific preconditions of intellectual career in the case of the young Romani and disadvantageous.
Tasavvufun ve Epistemolojik Bir Araç Olarak İlhamın İbn Teymiyye Düşüncesindeki Yeri
Authors: KAYA Emrah
Published: April 2023

ÖZ: Bu makalenin amacı Selef anlayışına dayalı bir geleneğin savunucusu olarak tanınan İbn Teymiyye’nin tasavvufa ve tasavvufî bilginin temel aracı olan ilhama yaklaşımını çalışmaktır. Tasavvufî ıstılahları genel sûfî anlayıştan farklı bir şekilde yorumlayan İbn Teymiyye birçok kimse tarafından katı bir tasavvuf karşıtı olarak görülmüştür. Ayrıca İbn Teymiyye’nin sürekli olarak Kur’an, hadis ve Selefin düşüncelerini dinî bilginin temeli olarak sunması onun ilham ve rasyonel metotlar ile elde edilen bilgiye sıcak bakmadığı, bunlara epistemolojisinde yer vermediği düşüncesinin ortaya çıkmasına ve zaman içinde gelişmesine neden olmuştur. Hâlbuki araştırmamızın sonucunda İbn Teymiyye’nin tasavvufu belli şartlar ile kabul etmesinin yanı sıra ilhamın epistemolojik değerini de onayladığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. O, tasavvufu erken dönem ve sonraki dönem tasavvuf olarak incelerken, ilhamı doğaüstü olayların bir alt kategorisi olarak gördüğü ilim bâbında ele almaktadır. Tasavvufun ve ilham ile gelen bilginin Kur’an, sünnet ve Selefin düşünceleri ışığında test edilmesi gerektiğine inanan İbn Teymiyye’nin yaptığı reddetmek değil, kendi kriterleri doğrultusunda meseleyi detaylı olarak incelemektir. Bu nedenle, konuyu eleştirel ve betimsel olarak ele alan makalemiz İbn Teymiyye’nin tasavvufa ve tasavvufî bilginin temel dayanağı olan ilhama yönelik tutumuna odaklanmaktadır.
Son Dönem Bir Osmanlı Düşünürü: Harputlu İshak Efendi’nin Din Felsefesinin Bazı Meselelerine Yaklaşımı ve Felsefecilere Karşı Tutumu
Authors: AKGÜN Tuncay
Published: April 2023

Osmanlı düşünürlerinin ya da âlimlerinin genelde felsefeye özelde din felsefesinin konularına ve felsefecilere bakışı ne idi? Osmanlı’da felsefenin diğer ilimlere nispetle varlığı ve seviyesi ne durumda idi? gibi sorular felsefe ile uğraşanların sıkça sordukları sorular olmuştur. En az bu sorular kadar bu sorulara verilen cevaplar da önemlidir. Böylesine önemli bir konunun sağlıklı bir şekilde tartışılabilmesi, ancak ilmi verilerin temel kabul edilmesiyle yapılabilir. Bu sorulara bilimsel çerçevenin ve metodun dışında başka motivasyon unsurlarıyla hareket edilerek verilmeye çalışılan cevaplar bizi bir kısır döngüye götürebilir. Bu bilimselliğin ilk adımı Osmanlı düşünürlerinin eserlerinin incelenerek fikirlerinin anlaşılması olsa gerektir. Makalemizin genel amacı bu tartışmalara bir nebze ışık tutmak iken özel amacı Harputlu İshak Efendi’nin din felsefesinin bazı meselelerine yaklaşımı ve filozoflara karşı tutumunun nasıl olduğunu genel hatlarıyla anlamaya çalışmaktır.
Bakara Sûresi 284. Âyette Geçen Râ Harfinin Lâm Harfine İdgamı Konusundaki Kıraat Tartışmaları
Authors: YÜKSEL Yakup
Published: April 2023

Biz bu makalemizde genelde kıraat olgusu etrafında yapılan tartışmalardan ziyade başlıkta da belirttiğimiz gibi Bakara sûresi iki yüz seksen dördüncü âyeti ilgili tefsirlerde yer verilen tartışmaları kıraat açısından ele alıp bir değerlendirme yapacağız.  Bu âyeti seçmemizin özel nedeni sâkin râ harfini lâm harfine idgam yaparak okuyan kıraat âlimlerinin, Kur’an sûrelerinin resmi sıralamasına göre karşılaştıkları ilk örnek olmasından dolayıdır. Her ne kadar çalışmamız bir âyet üzerinde odaklanmış olsa da bununla kıraat tartışmalarının temelinde yatan nedenleri bulmak ve kıraatin oluşmasına zemin hazırlayan etkenin ne olabileceği olgusuna bir katkı sağlayabilmektir.
Hz. Peygamber'in Kullandığı -Biz- Duygusu Bağlamında Birleştiriciliği
Authors: YEKTAR Osman
Published: April 2023

Hz. Peygamber hadislerinde yaptığı “biz” vurgusunu toplumsal bilinç haline getirmiştir. Sözde değil, özde oluşan bir bilinçtir. Bu sayede toplum îmân toplumu olarak aslına dönmüştür. Bunu “söz, fiil ve duygu” olarak anlatmaya çalışmıştır. Toplumun bütün seviyelerinin anlayabileceği ve onların tamamını kuşatıcı bir anlatımdır. Uygulamalarıyla da toplumsal birleşmeyi başarmıştır. Bu başarı günümüz asrına da ışık tutacak, şekilde bir başarıdır.
Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi: Yeni Ad - Yeni Sayı - Yeni Web Sitesi - Zengin İçerik
Authors: ASLAN Ömer , DEMİR Abdullah
Published: April 2023

Akademik yayın hayatının 20. yılına ulaşan Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, son yıllarda ulusal ve uluslararası akademik yayıncılık alanında önemli mesafeler kat etti. 15 Aralık 2016 tarihinde yayımladığımız 19. cilt 2. sayımızdan itibaren sağlanan ilerlemeleri, siz değerli okuyucularımızla paylaşmak istiyoruz. 1996 yılından itibaren Cumhuriyet Universitesi Ilahiyat Fakultesi Dergisi [Cumhuriyet University Journal of Faculty of Theology] adıyla yayınlanan dergimizin adının çok uzun olması ve atıf tespitinde yaşanan zorluklar sebebi ile Cumhuriyet ilahiyat dergisi [Cumhuriyet theology journal] olarak değiştirilmesi kararlaştırılmıştır. Dergimiz, 20. cilt, 1. sayıdan itibaren bu adla yayın hayatına devam edecektir. Dergimiz, TÜBİTAK - ULAKBİM’in sunduğu elektronik dergi yönetim sistemi DergiPark Akademik’ın yeni versiyonunun güçlü açık erişim ve online akademik yayıncılık alt yapısını kullanabilmek amacıyla gerekli teknik çalışmaları tamamladı. Bu kapsamda 01 Haziran 2016 tarihi itibariyle yeni web sayfamız hizmete girdi.
Afiliaciones/ des afiliaciones y conversiones/ deconversiones religiosas en habitantes de Lima
Authors: Lecaros Véronique
Published: April 2023

Poco antes de fallecer, el sociólogo Peter Berger, en su última obra, The Many Altars of Modernity (2014), propuso a quienes estudiamos la religión abordar el tema del campo religioso desde un nuevo paradigma: la pluralización. Cabe recordar que Berger se caracterizó por su constante autocuestionamiento que lo llevó repetidamente a criticarse y a proponer nuevas teorías, de la secularización a la des-secularización, para finalmente llegar a la pluralización. El mundo, como lo reconoció Berger, no se dirige hacia menos religión sino hacia la coexistencia de varias religiones y, también, varias formas de practicar la misma religión. Como lo nota Berger: «la modernización implica una gran transformación en la condición del ser humano de la fatalidad a la elección» (2014: 5).
Preparation and Characterization of Graphene Oxide from Rice Husk
Authors: Nisa Atina Khoiron , Supriyanto Ganden , Ibrahim Wan Aini Wan
Published: April 2023

Preparation and characterization of Graphene Oxide (GO) Fe3O4 nanocomposite has been done. The characterized by XRD showed that graphite,GO and GO-Fe3O4 were amorph. Characterized by FTIR showed that there were a distinctive vibration bands of C-O,C=O, C=C, and OH, and additional bands belong to Fe-O dan Fe-C for the GO-Fe3O4. FESEM analysed showed that GO have smooths and sheets, and fill the wrinkled circle on the surface GO was showed presence of Fe3O4. The diameters of Fe3O4 was 39 nm. Atoms distribution Fe, C, and O of Fe3O4 on the GO sheets showed 15 %. D-band and G-band of GO were 1331 cm-1 dan 1570 cm-1 and D-band of GO-Fe3O4 were 1331 cm-1 based on analyzed using Raman spectroscopy.
Advances in understanding protein requirements and utilization in dairy cattle
Authors:   The Ohio State University, USA, Firkins Jeffrey L. , Lapierre Hélène ,   Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada
Published: April 2023

Advancements are discussed for predicting and optimizing microbial protein as a function of rumen-degraded carbohydrates and correcting for amino acids (AA) in true protein. Intestinal digestibility of rumen-undegraded protein (RUP) is being evaluated primarily using in vitro approaches in field situations, but unfortunately few comparisons to in vivo intestinal digestibility are available in dairy cattle. The AA profile of feeds in libraries has been improved, but interactions between feed category and method prevent systematic prediction of differences in rumen degradability and intestinal digestibility of individual AA among feeds. We discuss a factorial approach to essential AA requirements and models predicting how to meet those requirements. Efficiencies of conversion of metabolizable AA into milk protein vary inversely with their respective supplies but also depend on supply of energy. We describe differences among models to estimate protein and AA requirements and to predict milk protein yield, and future research needs are emphasized.
Advances in understanding lipid requirements and utilization in dairy cattle
Authors:   University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA, Drackley James K.
Published: April 2023

This chapter examines advances in understanding lipid requirements and utilisation in dairy cattle. The chapter begins by first highlighting the major lipid constituents found in dairy cow nutrition, such as free fatty acids, triglycerides, glycolipids and phospholipids. It then goes on to discuss lipid supplements, which is then followed by an examination of fat digestion and absorption in ruminant species. Sections on digestibility of dietary lipids and mammary metabolism of lipids are also provided. The chapter discusses the effects of lipids on feed intake as well as the effects of lipid supplements on milk production on composition. This is then followed by an overview of how dietary lipids can be used to modify milk fat for human health, as well as the effects of lipids on reproduction. The role of dietary lipids in metabolism regulation is also reviewed, followed by an analysis of the important considerations that should be taken into account when selecting for commercial inert fats. Practical recommendations for supplementing fats are also included.
The use of tannins as dietary supplements in dairy cattle nutrition
Authors:   ETH Zurich, Switzerland, Kreuzer Michael
Published: April 2023

This chapter focuses on the use of tannins as dietary supplements in dairy cattle nutrition. It begins by first identifying sources of tannins for supplementation, focusing specifically on the tropics and temperate climates. It then moves on to discuss the effects of tannins in dairy cows, such as the effects on palatability, digestion and performance, the use of tannins to mitigate emissions such as nitrogen and methane as well as the effects of tannins on milk quality. The chapter also draws attention to the anthelmintic properties of tannins before moving on to discuss the various factors that can influence the effects of tannin in animals. A section on the onset of tannin effects and long-term efficiency is also provided, which is then followed by an overview of the strategies than can be used to maximise beneficial tannin effects.
The use of exogenous enzymes as dietary supplements in dairy cow nutrition
Authors:   Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida-Gainesville, USA, Vyas Diwakar , Arriola Kathy G. ,   Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida-Gainesville, USA, Amaro Felipe X. ,   Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida-Gainesville, USA, Sultana Halima ,   Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida-Gainesville, USA, Malekkhahi Mohammad ,   Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida-Gainesville, USA, Farooq Samia ,   Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida-Gainesville, USA, Oyebade Adeoye ,   Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida-Gainesville, USA, Adesogan Adegbola T. ,   Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida-Gainesville, USA
Published: April 2023

This chapter summarises the effects of supplementing exogenous enzymes on improving efficiency of nutrient utilization in dairy cows by reviewing the research on enzyme selection, animal responses to feed enzymes, and the mechanisms of improving nutrient utilization. Exogenous fibrolytic enzymes, amylases, and proteases have potential to increase the rate of nutrient utilization, consequently, improve animal performance; however, the responses to application of fibrolytic enzymes have been equivocal and variabilities may be attributed to differences in the experimental conditions, activities of the supplemented enzymes, and inappropriate mode of application. Application of fungal enzymes from white-rot fungi with lignin-degrading activities and expansin-like proteins may be an effective way to improve efficacy of fibrolytic enzymes; however, in vivo validation is required. The role of metagenomics and metatranscriptomics would be crucial for better understanding of the actual requirement for enzymes and the functional genomic framework within which the rumen operates.
The use of supplements to mitigate enteric methane emission in dairy cattle
Authors:   The Pennsylvania State University, USA, Hristov Alexander N. , Arndt Claudia ,   International Livestock Research Institute, Kenya, Melgar Audino ,   Instituto de Innovation Agropecuaria de Panama, City of Knowledge, Panama,   The Pennsylvania State University, USA, Wasson Derek ,   The Pennsylvania State University, USA
Published: April 2023

This chapter explores the use of supplements to mitigate enteric methane emission in dairy cattle. It begins by highlighting two dietary approaches that can decrease enteric CH4 emission, the first being the improvement of forage quality and the second being the inclusion of concentrate feeds in the diet. The use of of dietary lipids and lipid supplements is also discussed, followed by a review of the use of alternative electron sinks, plant-based bioactive compounds and chemical inhibitors. A section on the growing interest of macroalgae use in ruminants is also provided. The chapter also discusses the additive effect of feed supplements as well as the economics of methane mitigation.
Efektivitas Penyelenggaraan Program Pelatihan di UPT Balai Latihan Kerja Kabupaten Situbondo
Authors: Purwaningtyas Gita Dewi , Helpiastuti Selfi Budi , Rohman Hermanto
Published: April 2023

This study aims to describe and analyze the effectiveness of management of technical education and training for state civil servants in Situbondo Regency. Considering that the state civil servants is a public servant whose duty is to serve the entire community, they are required to always develop their competence through the management of technical education and training. Employment agency and human resources development as the organizer of technical education and training has held various kinds of technical education and training, one of which is the management of technical education and training of goods management. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The focus of the research is the effectiveness of the management of technical education and training for the state civil servants based on four stages of Kirckpatrick consisting of reactions, learning, behavior, and results. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation and documentation, while the data sources used are the main data sources and additional data sources. The results showed that the management of technical education and training conducted by employment agency and human resources development was effective. This is known through 4 stages of Kirckpatrick which received positive responses from education and training participants and teaching staff.

Keywords: Effectiveness, Technical Training, State Civil Servants
Stosowanie wobec pracowników ukrytego monitoringu wizyjnego — kwestie sporne i niejednoznaczne
Authors: Jabłoński Mariusz
Published: April 2023

W opracowaniu Autor zajmuje się problematyką ochrony autonomii informacyjnej jednostki w kontekście stosowania przez pracodawcę ukrytego monitoringu wizyjnego. Analiza przeprowadzona zostaje z punktu widzenia zgodności przedmiotowej praktyki ze standardami konstytucyjnymi, w tym konstytucyjnym mechanizmem ważenia, a także w korelacji ze stanowiskiem Wielkiej Izby ETPCz wyrażonym w wyroku w sprawie López Ribalda i inni przeciwko Hiszpanii.
ANXIETY AND READINESS DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PRIMIGRAVIDA AND MULTIGRAVIDA MOTHERS TOWARDS CHILDBIRTH IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Urvia Mukronah , Setia Ningtyas Woro , Utomo Budi
Published: April 2023

Background and Purpose : Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has now become a global pandemic, even in Indonesia. Pregnant women feel more and more anxious during the current COVID-19 pandemic, especially for 3rd trimester pregnant women who will give birth soon. Parity is one of the factors that can affect the level of anxiety of pregnant women in addition to the factors of the epidemic situation that can increase maternal anxiety. Childbirth readiness is one of the benchmarks for the success of the delivery process and this can indirectly contribute to the increase in MMR in Indonesia. Objective: Analyzing the differences in the level of anxiety and readiness towards childbirth in the COVID-19 pandemic between primigravida and multigravida mothers in their third trimester of pregnancy at the Duren Sawit District Health Center. Methods : This type of research is an observational study with a cross sectional design. Sampling was done by proportional random sampling method. The research instrument is a questionnaire. The method used in data analysis is the Mann-Whitney U test with the help of SPSS. Result : The sample of this study was 99 pregnant women in their third trimester of pregnancy. The level of anxiety in primigravida mothers is Severe level of anxiety (80.9%). Meanwhile, multigravida mothers have a Moderate level of anxiety (56.1%). The level of readiness of primigravida mothers is in the Inadequate category (57.1%). Meanwhile, multigravida mothers have a Good level of readiness (63.3%). The results of the Mann Whitney test showed that there was a significant difference between primigravida and multigravida mothers on the level of anxiety and readiness towards childbirth in the COVID-19 pandemic with a p value (0.000). Conclusion : There is a significant difference in the level of anxiety and readiness towards childbirth in the COVID-19 pandemic between primigravida and multigravida mothers in their third trimester of pregnancy at the Duren Sawit District Health Center.
IMPACT OF LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF ADOLESCENT REPRODUCTIVE DISORDER WITH PCOS : A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Hurin'in Nur Maziyah
Published: April 2023

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is described as a symptom of disturbances in the aspects of reproduction and metabolism. Reproductive disorders usually manifest as hyperandrogenism, irregular ovulation, and polycystic ovaries, leading to decreased fertility. This was a literature review research that writes briefly, concisely and up to date on a topic from scientific publication articles. The purpose of this research was to solve the problem of reproductive disorders in young women with PCOS from the theory studied. Articles were compiled by conducting a library search through Google Scholar and Scientdirect from 2013-2022 with a total of 7 articles. Therapy for improving the body's metabolism is improved so that the function of reproductive hormones is also expected to function properly and normally, so that lifestyle changes become a support for therapy for women with PCO to reproductive hormonal changes related to successful ovulation in adolescent girls with PCOS.
The Effect of E-commerce on People's Buying Interest in Traditional Markets
Authors: Nurazila  , Hendarsyah Decky , Eryana
Published: April 2023

Background: Traditional markets are essential to many people for shopping and fulfilling their daily needs is necessary to study people’s purchase behavior, especially regarding purchase interest, in an era of increasingly advanced technological developments including e-commerce.   
Objective: This study aims to show the effect of e-commerce on people’s purchase interest in traditional markets.
Method: This type of study is descriptive and quantitative, with primary and secondary data sources. The primary data is taken from questionnaires and interviews, while the secondary data is taken from some literatures. The population of the study is the people of Bengkalis Regency, Riau Indonesia in amount of 564,689 people in total. This study used random sampling. The sample measurement technique uses the Slovin approach and obtained a total of 400 respondent and for the data analysis, this study used simple linear regression.  
Results: The results of the study show that e-commerce positively and significantly affects people’s purchase interest in traditional markets. 
Conclusion: E-commerce positively and significantly affects the purchase interest of the Bengkalis people in traditional markets as much as 66.1% and the rest 33.9% is affected by other factors. Nevertheless, most people only use e-commerce as a catalogue to gain new information about a product, their purchase interest remains mostly buying the product in traditional markets. This study will theoretically enrich the previous existing theories and practically becomes a reference for business-persons to increase people’s purchase interest.
Keywords: purchase interest; buying interest; purchase intention; e-commerce; traditional market
The Effect of Electronic Payment Instruments on the Lifestyle of the Millennials in the Jabodetabek
Authors: Puspitasari Septina , Suryawati Rindah Febriana , Eriani Izmi Dwira
Published: April 2023

Background: Electronic payment instrument provides easier medium of daily transaction among millennial. The ease of use of electronic payment leads to a need to investigate whether it has an impact on millennial generation lifestyle.
Objective: This study aims to analyze the effect of using electronic payment instruments on millennial lifestyles.
Method: Survey questionnaires were distribute in this study and resulted in 191 questionnaires to be analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling.
Results: The results showed that there are positive and significant effect of convenience on activities, interests, and opinions, usefulness on activities and ideas, and the development of usage attitudes on claims and statements. Meanwhile, efficacy's effect on interest and usage attitude's impact on activities has a positive but not significant effect.
Conclusion: Three manifest variables: perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and attitude toward using, are factors that affect the use of electronic payment instruments. The electronic payment use was also proves as millennial lifestyle. Further, factors affecting millennial activity of using such payment method are: perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. While factors affecting millennial interest to use such payment method are attention toward using and perceived ease of use. Factors affecting millennial opinion of using such payment method are perceived ease of use, attention toward using, and perceived ease of use. This research implies that the development of electronic payment instruments should consider and improve the security, backup systems and database recovery to support the activity and interest of using electronic payment instruments.
Keywords: electronic payment; lifestyle; millennial; sem; technology acceptance model
CERRAHİ TİPİ DERLENME KALİTESİ SKORUNU ETKİLİYOR MU?
Authors: BEKTAŞ Meltem
Published: April 2023

Amaç: Cerrahi sonrası derlenme hasta özellikleri, cerrahi işlem ve anestezi gibi çeşitli faktörlerden etkilenen karmaşık bir durumdur. Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) anketi anestezi ve cerrahi sonrası derlenme kalitesini ölçmede kullanılan ve hasta tarafından belirlenen sonuçları olan bir ankettir. Çalışmamızda elektif septorinoplasti veya orta kulak cerrahisi geçirecek hastalarda derlenme kalitesini değerlendirmede QoR-15 ölçeğinin etkinliğini karşılaştırmayı amaçladık.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya etik kurul izni ve hasta onamı alındıktan sonra, septorinoplasti ve orta kulak cerrahisi geçirecek hastalar dahil edildi. Hastaların yaşı, cinsiyeti, ASA skoru, eğitim durumu, cerrahi tipi, anestezi ve cerrahi süresi kaydedildi. Hastalardan operasyondan önce ve operasyondan 24 saat sonra iki kez Quality of Recovery-15 anketini doldurmaları istendi. Anket sonucu alınan puanlar mükemmel, iyi, orta ve kötü olarak sınıflandırıldı.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya 51 septorinoplasti (Grup 1) ve 53 orta kulak cerrahisi geçirecek (Grup 2) toplam 104 hasta dahil edildi. Anestezi ve cerrahi süresi Grup 1’de, Grup 2’ye göre anlamlı uzun bulundu. Preoperatif dönemde değerlendirilen QoR-15 skoru ortalaması her iki grupta 135 puanın üzerinde ve mükemmel grubunda idi. Postoperatif QoR-15 skorları değerlendirildiğinde, Grup 1’de ortalama 122.2±16 ve Grup 2’de 136.4±11.8 olarak saptandı (p=0,0001). QoR-15 skorları grup içi karşılaştırıldığında, her iki grupta postoperatif dönemde preoperatif döneme göre anlamlı azalma olduğu bulundu (p
Research Trends on Ethical Decision-Making of Counseling in Korea
Authors:   The Association of Korea Counseling Psychology Education Welfare, MOON So-Hee , CHO Mi-Young , YOO Soon-Hwa
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the research trends on ethical decision-making ofcounseling, and to provide implications for future research. The concept, methods by year,objects, topics, and measuring tools of 57 studies, published from 1991 to 2022 were analyzed. First, the concept of ethical decision-making was defined in various terms. Second, it was foundthat qualitative research has increased recently. Third, the study of school counselors was themost common(29.3%), and almost studies(80.7%) were about case studies, counselorcharacteristics, and the review of specific topics. Fourth, counselor-related characteristics wereused as the main independent variable, when the variable related to ethical decision-makingwere a dependent variable. Fifth, most of the measuring tools were self-developedquestionnaires.
Analysis of the Relationship between Satisfaction and Learning Outcomes in the Liberal Arts based on Core Competency and Core Competencies of College Students: Focused on D University
Authors:   The Association of Korea Counseling Psychology Education Welfare, KIM Keung-Hee , LEE Soon-Hwa , KIM Bo-Seong
Published: April 2023

This study attempted to examine the degree to which college students’ satisfaction with liberalarts education based on core competencies set for each university and perceived learningperformance level are related to the core competency level(correlation, regression, and IPA). Tothis end, students at D university were asked to respond using DEU liberal arts educationsatisfaction and learning outcomes questions and the DEU-CCDS(core competency scale). As aresult, there was a significant correlation between all variables except for 'democraticcommunication' of core competencies. In addition, it was found that the satisfaction andlearning outcomes of liberal arts education significantly explained all core competencies exceptfor ‘democratic communication’. On the other hand, as a result of IPA analysis, the corecompetency components related to the satisfaction of liberal arts education were distributed inthe areas of maintenance reinforcement(5), continuity maintenance(1), and progressimprovement(1). In addition, the core competency components related to the learning outcomesof education were distributed in the areas of maintenance reinforcement(5), continuitymaintenance(1), progressive improvement(3), and focus improvement(1). This is significant inthat the quality level of liberal arts education was confirmed through the satisfaction andlearning outcomes of liberal arts education, and at the same time the core competencycomponents for enhancing the quality of liberal arts education were examined.
The Mediating Effect of Social Relationships in the Effect of Smart-phone overdependence on Happiness in the upper grades of Elementary School
Authors:   The Association of Korea Counseling Psychology Education Welfare, JANG Sung-Hwa , CHI Myong-Won , LEE Ju-Yeon
Published: April 2023

This study attempted to examine the mediating effect of social relationships in the effect ofdependence on smart-phones in the upper grades of elementary school on happiness. For thisstudy, an analysis was conducted with a total of 2,265 data corresponding to the 6th gradeperiod of elementary school, which are data for the 3rd year of KCYPS 2018. The researchresults of this study showed, first, that as a result of the correlation analysis between variables,there was a positive correlation between smart-phone overdependence and happiness, teacherrelationship was negative and peer relationship. There was a positive correlation betweenhappiness, peer relationship, and teacher relationship. Second, the higher the level ofdependence on smart-phones, the lower the sense of happiness. Finally, it was found that peerrelations and teacher relationships act as partial mediating variables in the effect of smart-phoneoverdependence on happiness. In order to improve the happiness of senior elementary schoolstudents, prevention of dependence on smart-phones and promotion of social relationshipsshould be considered together.
A Solution of The Collatz Conjecture Problem
Authors: duan baoyuan
Published: April 2023

Build a special identical equation, use its calculation characters to prove and search for solution of any odd converging to 1 equation through (*3+1)/2^k operation, change the operation to (*3+2^m-1)/2^k, and get a solution for this equation, which is exactly same with that got from calculating directly. Then give a specific example to verify. Thus prove the Collatz Conjecture is true. Furthermore, analysis the sequences produced by iteration calculation during the procedure of searching for solution, build a weight function model, prove it decrease progressively to 0, build a complement weight function model, prove it increase to its convergence state. Build a (*3+2^m-1)/2^k odd tree, prove if odd in (*3+2^m-1)/2^k long huge odd sequence can not converge, the sequence must outstep the boundary of the tree after infinite steps of (*3+2^m-1)/2^k operation.