bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REVELANDO O DIAGNÓSTICO DA ASFIXIA PERINATAL GRAVE À FAMÍLIA: PERSPECTIVA DOS PROFISSIONAIS DA SAÚDE
Authors: Caneco Elaine De Oliveira Vieira , Milbrath Viviane Marten , Freitag Vera Lucia , Amestoy Simone Coelho
Published: July 2016

Introdução: A revelação do diagnóstico de Paralisia Cerebral é um momento que é crucial para a família da criança, por isso há necessidade de que os profissionais tenham conhecimento teórico/prático para informar à família da melhor maneira possível, com linguagem clara, para que entenda o ocorrido e consiga adaptar-se a nova situação. Objetivo: Conhecer como os profissio-nais de saúde revelam o diagnóstico de asfixia perinatal grave à família. Casuística e Métodos: Estudo exploratório, descritivo à luz de uma abordagem qualitativa. Participaram do estudo 14 profissionais da equipe de saúde da unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal e da pediatria de um hospital localizado na região sul do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, no período de abril a maio de 2011, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisadas segundo a Análise Temática de Minayo. Resultados: Emergiram duas categorias temáticas, no entanto, este artigo irá apresentar os resultados e discussão desta temática: Revelando o diagnóstico da asfixia perinatal grave à família: uma perspectiva dos profissionais da saúde. A revelação do diagnóstico é efetivada pelo médico e, posteriormente, complementada pelos outros profissionais de saúde, como enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem. Conclusão: Há necessidade de maior entrosamento entre profissionais de saúde, realizando feedback positivo para que a família compreenda a condição da criança e ao mesmo tempo tenha vínculo com a equipe a fim de sanar suas dúvidas.
Logistic Approach of Building and Development of Production Systems
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Technology and Business České Budějovice, Czech Republic, Kmec Ján , Valenčík Štefan , Gombár Miroslav , Karková Monika , Vagaská Alena
Published: July 2016

The paper presents a complex of information aimed at automated production systems structures and simulation. For production systems intergrated structures formation it uses logistic principles for making the internal material flow among various logistic nodes more precise and effective, including respective information flow, here e. g. with use of integrable and compatibile handling and technological systems, as well.
Brief Report on Public Spending on Inland and Maritime Waterways in Particular Country in Certain Period of Time
Authors:   School of Expertness and Valuation, Institute of Technology and Business České Budějovice, Czech Republic, Rousek Pavel
Published: July 2016

This paper is focused on the public financing of inland and maritime waterways in the Czech Republic. Text clarifies which public budgets are the most important for inland and maritime waterways. It also concentrates on regions where Czech public expenditures are located. The paper describes the importance of municipal and regional budgets in this sector.
Methodology for Measuring the Customer Satisfaction with the Logistics Services
Authors:   Department of Transport and Logistics, Institute of Technology and Business České Budějovice, Czech Republic, Stopka Ondrej , Černá Lenka , Zitrický Vladislav
Published: July 2016

The article deals with the proposal of methodology for measuring the customer satisfaction with the logistics services. The methodology reflects mostly the subjective quality evaluation which is based on the directly and indirectly measurable characteristics. Researched characteristics result from the customer feelings, wishes, requirements and the experiences of experts which studied the answers from the questionnaire survey. Answers from the questionnaire survey evaluate the quality of logistics services and the importance of evaluation criteria. Objective quality evaluation is verified by the methods for measuring the customer satisfaction. These methods for determining the weights of selected criteria ware verified on the basis of proposed flowchart as well.
Costs Comparison and the Possibilities of Increasing the Transport Capacity with a Selection of the Appropriate Railway Wagons
Authors:   Department of Transport and Logistics, Institute of Technology and Business, České Budějovice, Czech Republic, Bartuška Ladislav , Černá Lenka , Daniš Jozef
Published: July 2016

The paper is focused on the possibilities of increasing the transport capacity of the selected train (train number 51712) with more appropriate selection of wagons and cost analysis using the wagons, irrespective of their advantage, and after application of the new proposal. The transport capacity of the selected train was characterized through the transport indicators - the technical coefficient of tare and the ratio of the maximum loading weight to tare of railway wagon.
Overdue: Medicaid and Private Insurance Coverage of Doula Care to Strengthen Maternal and Infant Health
Authors: Strauss Nan , Sakala Carol , Corry Maureen P.
Published: July 2016

Continuous labor support by a trained doula has proven benefits and is recognized as an effective strategy to improve maternal and infant health, enhance engagement and satisfaction with maternity care, and reduce spending. Community-based doula programs can also reduce or eliminate health disparities by providing support to women most at risk for poor outcomes. The most effective way to increase use of this evidence-based service would be to eliminate cost barriers. Key recommendations identify numerous pathways to pursue Medicaid and private insurance coverage of doula care. This comprehensive and up-to-date inventory of reimbursement options provides the doula, childbirth, and quality communities, as well as policy makers, with many approaches to increasing access to this high-value form of care.
What Motivates People to Attend Birth Doula Trainings?
Authors: Gilliland Amy L.
Published: July 2016

Eighteen identified motivations for attending a birth doula training workshop were ranked by 467 participants (466 females, 1 male) in 2010 and 2013. Participants selected a variety of reasons but only 30% chose to “become a professional doula” as their main reason. Another 20% wanted to “become a midwife.” Remaining participants selected 16 other professional and personal motivations, such as “increase birth knowledge,” “understand my own births,” “make future births better,” and “help women have better births (not as a professional).” One quarter had not attended a birth or had a child. Besides career training, these workshops are filling a cultural gap in childbirth education for people who are not expectant parents, and who intend to use this knowledge in unanticipated ways.
Efficacy of Subgingivally Delivered 1.2% Atorvastatin in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Kumari Minal , Martande Santosh S. , Pradeep A.R. , Naik Savitha B.
Published: July 2016

Background: The present study was designed to evaluate effectiveness of 1.2% atorvastatin (ATV) gel, as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of intrabony defects in chronic periodontitis (CP) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2DM).

Methods: Seventy‐five patients were categorized into two treatment groups: 1) SRP plus 1.2% ATV and 2) SRP plus placebo. Clinical parameters including modified sulcus bleeding index, probing depth (PD), and relative attachment level (RAL) were recorded at baseline and 3, 6, and 9 months. Percentage radiographic defect depth reduction was evaluated using computer‐aided software at baseline and 6 and 9 months.

Results: Mean PD reduction and mean RAL gain was greater in the ATV group than the placebo group at 3, 6, and 9 months. Furthermore, ATV group sites presented with a significantly greater percentage of radiographic defect depth reduction at 6 and 9 months.

Conclusion: Locally delivered ATV was found to be effective in treatment of intrabony defects in CP in patients with t2DM.
Recent developments in Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome.
Authors: Seisdedos Benzal Alejandro , Galán Rodríguez Alba
Published: July 2016

Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CCD) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting aging dogs. CCD is an underdiagnosed disease that involves at least 14% of geriatric dogs, but apparently less than 2% of diseased dogs are diagnosed. There are several physiopathological similarities between Alzheimer disease (AD) and CCD, developing amyloid-β deposits in brain parenchyma and blood vessels, brain atrophy and neuronal loss. The clinical signs lead to behavioural changes. They are unspecific and could appear as soon as seven years of age, but are more relevant in senior dogs. The abnormal behaviour could be classified following the acronym DISHA: Disorientation in the immediate environment; altered Interactions with humans and other animals; Sleep-wake cycle disturbances; House-soiling; and changes in Activity levels. There is no specific diagnostic test or biomarker to demonstrate the presence of CCD; therefore, it is often assessed by ruling out other diseases that may cause similar behavioural changes. Veterinarians have to be able to make an accurate account of veterinary history asking for abnormal behaviour that could be misreported by the owners. CCD is a neurodegenerative disorder that cannot be cured. It is possible to delay the progression of the clinical signs and improve the quality of life of patients, but like in AD, the progression of the illness will depend on the individual. There are three treatment pathways, which could be used in combination: drug therapy to improve cognition and reduce anxiety, antioxidant diet and nutraceutical supplements to reduce the progression of the illness, and finally, environmental enrichment to maintain brain activity. The aim of this review article is to contribute to the knowledge of the illness, presenting recent advances in the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
The oxytocin receptor gene, an integral piece of the evolution of Canis familaris from Canis lupus
Authors: Oliva Jessica Lee , Wong Yen T , Rault Jean-Loup , Appleton Belinda , Lill Alan
Published: July 2016

Previous research in canids has revealed both group (dog versus wolf) and individual differences in object choice task (OCT) performance. These differences might be explained by variation in the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene, as intranasally administered oxytocin has recently been shown to improve performance on this task by domestic dogs. This study looked at microsatellites at various distances from the OXTR gene to determine whether there was an association between this gene and: i) species (dog/wolf) and ii) good versus bad OCT performers. Ten primer sets were designed to amplify 10 microsatellites that were identified at various distances from the canine OXTR gene. We used 94 (52 males, 42 females) blood samples from shelter dogs, 75 (33 males, 42 females) saliva samples from pet dogs and 12 (6 males, 6 females) captive wolf saliva samples to carry out our analyses. Significant species differences were found in the two markers closest to the OXTR gene, suggesting that this gene may have played an important part in the domestic dogs’ evolution from the wolf. However, no significant, meaningful differences were found in microsatellites between good versus bad OCT performers, which suggests that other factors, such as different training and socialisation experiences, probably impacted task performance.
Managing Contractor HSE Performance
Authors: Mohamed Zarei , Julaihi Saiee
Published: July 2016

Petronas Carigali Sdn Berhad (PCSB) operates in 3 geographical areas in Malaysia, where all the producing fields are located offshore. In the international arena, PCSB operates in Vietnam, Turkmenistan, Sudan, Algeria, Angola, Myanmar, China and Iran, either as the operator or as a joint-venture partner.

During 1998, a total of 16 million manhours was recorded, of which about 50% was contributed by Contractors. In term of HSE performance, the year was marked by an increase in injurious accidents compared to the year before. Out of 42 recordable injury cases, 36 accidents or 86% were attributed to Contractors. This highlights the need for a more rigorous Contractor HSE management in the years ahead. This is a major task requiring concerted efforts from contract holders, line departments, site supervisors and the contractors, besides the constant advice from HSE department.

Some remedial measures have been implemented, i.e. including developing the PCSB Managing Contractor HSE Guideline; based on the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (formerly known as the E&P Forum) guidelines. There has been concerted effort made to implement this guideline, these includes:

▪ Instituting joint HSE Committee Meetings between PCSB and Contractors; ▪ Selection of Contractors based on HSE performance; ▪ Conducting Contractor HSE workshops; ▪ Development and tracking of Contractors’ HSE Plans; ▪ Annual recognition programme; ▪ Contractor near miss reporting initiative; ▪ Risk identification and mitigation; and ▪ Site inspection and auditing.

The implementation of these activities is paramount in raising the commitment towards HSE by the Contractors’ top management and to continuously impress upon the Contractors that PCSB's expectation on HSE is very high. PCSB anticipates that there will be some positive outcome in the Contractors HSE performance in the years ahead.
Biochar Field Study: Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Productivity, and Nutrients in Two Soils
Authors: Keith Alexandra , Singh Balwant , Dijkstra Feike A. , van Ogtrop Floris
Published: July 2016

Application of biochar to soil has potential to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, store C for long‐term and provide agronomic benefits. However, the extent of these benefits are dependent on the type of biochar used and the environmental system in which it has been placed. While there are a large number of laboratory and glasshouse experiments, the number of biochar field studies is still limited. We conducted a 2‐yr field study to evaluate the effect of a wood‐based (blue mallee; Eucalyptus polybractea) biochar on GHG fluxes, pasture biomass, soil nutrient leaching, and nutrient uptake under different fertilizer rates in two soils (Arenosol and Cambisol) under a perennial pasture. Three rates of biochar were used in full factorial combination with 50 and 100% of the recommended fertilizer rate. Greenhouse gas fluxes (CO2, CH4, and N2O) were measured using static gas chambers on a monthly basis during the first year, then a bimonthly basis during the second year. Pasture biomass, nutrient uptake, and soil solution chemistry were determined on a regular basis over the 2‐yr period. The biochar induced no or minimal effects on GHG fluxes, pasture biomass, nutrient uptake or soil solution chemistry. In most instances, the significant differences between treatments were due to soil type. Fertilizer significantly increased pasture biomass for the first 8 mo, but thereafter there was no effect. There were also no adverse effects from the biochar. This biochar would be most suitable for enhancing soil C storage, as opposed to improving grassland production.

Core Ideas

A wood‐based biochar was added to two soil types in a 2‐yr field study.

Biochar had minimal effect on soil greenhouse gas emissions.

Biochar had no effect on plant biomass or soil leachate nutrient concentration.
Green Manure Comparison between Winter Wheat and Corn: Weeds, Yields, and Economics
Authors: Snyder Elina M. , Karsten Heather D. , Curran William S. , Malcolm Glenna M. , Hyde Jeffrey A.
Published: July 2016

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) are leguminous crops (“green manure” hereafter), widely studied for their N2‐fixing contributions to cropping systems. Under certain circumstances they can provide weed control in cash crops. This study compared weed control, crop yields, herbicide use, and economic performance of these green manures in a no‐till winter cereal–green manure–corn (Zea mays L.) silage cropping sequence in central Pennsylvania. Red clover was interseeded into winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) or rye (Secale cereale L.), while hairy vetch and triticale (X Triticosecale) were planted after winter cereal harvest. Compared to hairy vetch, red clover provided continuous soil cover between the winter cereal and corn and two herbicide applications could not be applied (one in wheat and one prior to seeding hairy vetch) to the red clover, reducing herbicide active ingredient use by 28%. Weed infestation in wheat and corn did not differ between green manure systems, but corn yield following red clover averaged 3320 kg ha−1more, and 2012 wheat yield was 180 kg ha−1 greater in the red clover sequence. Corn after hairy vetch–triticale had lower corn plant population in 2012–2013. Yield differences in corn in 2012 probably resulted from population differences. Primarily because of red clover forage value, the red clover system resulted in greater net returns to management by US$1360 ha−1, and even without the forage harvest, the red clover system would have been more profitable due to lower production costs.

Core Ideas

As a green manure, red clover provided multiple benefits over hairy vetch and triticale.

Red clover underseeded in winter grain, produced continuous cover, forage, and higher corn yield.

Compared to hairy vetch and triticale, red clover controlled weeds with less herbicide.

Red clover was more profitable than hairy vetch.
Change in Carbon Storage in Soil Physical Fractions after Afforestation of Former Arable Land
Authors: Tong Xiaogang , Han Xinhui , Faqi Wu , Zhao Fazhu , Ren Chengjie , Li Jiao
Published: July 2016

Core Ideas

Physical fractionation techniques were used to determine SOC changes in afforested soil.

This study improves understanding of the role of the soil physical fractions in C sequestration.

Afforestation with arbor could increase more C in soil physical fractions than with shrubland.

Carbon associated with mineral was the primary mechanism for C sequestration in afforested soil.

In the Loess Hill region of China, a large amount of arable land has been replaced by forest plantation, resulting in increased storage of soil organic C (SOC). To elucidate the mechanisms of SOC storage among the afforested lands, we separated SOC into four specific size/density fractions: coarse free particulate organic C (cfPOC), fine free POC (ffPOC), intra‐microaggregate POC (iPOC), and mineral–associated organic C (MOC). Soils were collected from arable land and from areas with four tree species—robinia (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), poplar (Populus tomentosa Carrière), caragana (Caragana korshinskii Kom.), and buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.)—in 15‐yr‐old stands. The total soil C stock to a depth of 100 cm was in the order robinia > poplar > caragana = buckthorn, and C increased by 7.9 to 18.2 Mg C ha‐1 compared with the arable land. Stocks of the cfPOC, iPOC, and MOC in the robinia and poplar land were also higher than that of the caragana and buckthorn land. Compared with the arable land, the MOC and cfPOC increased by 4.8 to 11.9 and 1.9 to 5.1 Mg C ha‐1, respectively, in all of the afforested lands, and the iPOC only increased by 0.8 Mg C ha‐1 in the robinia and poplar areas. However, the ffPOC increased by 0.9 Mg C ha‐1 in all four afforested lands. The differences of the SOC fractions among the four afforested lands occurred primarily because the planting of robinia and poplar increased the cfPOC and MOC in the 0‐ to 100‐cm soil profile, whereas caragana and buckthorn only increased cfPOC and MOC at depths of 0 to 20 cm and 0 to 60 cm, respectively. The total SOC fraction was composed of MOC (75.8%) > cfPOC (15.8%) > iPOC (4.0%) = ffPOC (4.3%). We conclude that the afforestation of former arable land with trees (robinia and poplar) can provide a greater increase in the SOC in the physical structure of the soil than shrubland (caragana and buckthorn), especially for the MOC.
Forms and Fluxes of Soil Organic Carbon Transport via Overland Flow, Interflow, and Soil Erosion
Authors: Hua Keke , Zhu Bo , Wang Xiaoguo , Tian Linlin
Published: July 2016

Core Ideas

Interflow is another crucial route of soil organic carbon lateral transport.

Overland flow, interflow, and sediment contributed 5, 24, and 71%, respectively, of annual loss loads of soil organic carbon lateral transport.

Dissolved organic carbon is another important component for SOC lateral transport.

The contributions of hydrological pathways (including overland flow, interflow, and soil erosion) to lateral soil organic carbon (SOC) transport have remained unclear until now. Hillslopes were monitored using free‐draining lysimeters (8 m by 4 m) to quantify dissolved organic carbon (DOC) losses due to overland flow and interflow and the total organic carbon (TOC), water extractable organic carbon (WEOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), and mineral‐associated organic carbon (MOC) fractions in sediments from sloping croplands containing Regosols in Southwest China. The average annual DOC losses due to overland flow and interflow were 158.8 ± 33.0 and 750.4 ± 79.3 mg C m–2, respectively, and the TOC lost with sediment was 2201.0 ± 429.2 mg C m‒2. Overland flow, interflow, and sediment accounted for 5, 24, and 71%, respectively, of the annual SOC losses. The average annual DOC, POC, and MOC loss fluxes were 918.6 ± 115.3, 375.2 ± 94.4, and 1816.4 ± 331.8 mg C m–2, respectively. The MOC contents in the sediments were positively correlated with rainfall, and the DOC concentrations in the interflow water were negatively correlated with rainfall. In conclusion, soil erosion is the dominant hydrological route for lateral SOC transport, and interflow is another crucial route that is usually underestimated. Soil organic C is mainly lost in the forms of MOC and DOC, which is an important component of water ecosystems. Therefore, the mitigation of SOC losses would be more effective if soil erosion and interflow conservation practices were adopted together, particularly for Regosols on hillslopes.
Impacts of Corn Residue Grazing and Baling on Wind Erosion Potential in a Semiarid Environment
Authors: Blanco-Canqui Humberto , Tatarko John , Stalker Aaron L. , Shaver Tim M. , van Donk Simon J.
Published: July 2016

Core Ideas

Corn residue baling increased the wind‐erodible fraction relative to no baling.

Cattle grazing of corn residues had smaller effects on wind erosion than baling.

As residue cover decreased, the wind‐erodible fraction increased.

Soil erodibility decreased as particulate organic matter increased.

Simulated soil loss showed that baling increased the wind erosion potential.

Implications of corn (Zea mays L.) residue grazing and baling on wind erosion in integrated crop–livestock systems are not well understood. This study (i) determined soil properties affecting wind erosion potential including dry aggregate‐size distribution, geometric mean diameter (GMD), geometric standard deviation of dry aggregates, and wind‐erodible fraction (WEF), (ii) correlated these properties with soil organic C (SOC) and particulate organic matter (POM), and (iii) simulated soil loss using the Single‐event Wind Erosion Evaluation Program (SWEEP) model after 7 and 8 yr of irrigated no‐till corn residue management in a semiarid region in west‐central Nebraska. Residue treatments were: control (no residue removal), light grazing (2.5 animal unit months [AUM] ha−1), heavy grazing (5.0 AUM ha−1), and baling. We simulated soil loss for a 3‐h windstorm with a wind velocity of 13 m s−1. Soil properties differed in spring but not in fall. Baling reduced 6.3‐ to 45‐mm macroaggregates by 37% and GMD by 80% and increased WEF by 25% relative to the control. Light and heavy grazing, after 8 yr, significantly reduced 6.3‐ to 14‐mm macroaggregates 43% compared with the control and tended to reduce GMD and increase WEF, although not statistically significant. As residue cover decreased, GMD decreased and WEF increased. Residue removal did not reduce SOC and POM concentrations, but soil erodibility decreased as POM increased. Simulation showed that soil erodibility increased as residue cover decreased in spring, and baling increased the wind erosion potential. Overall, residue baling increases the wind erosion potential but residue grazing has smaller effects in this semiarid environment.
Actividad antioxidante de extractos metanólicos y acuosos de distintas variedades de maíz mexicano
Authors: López-Martínez L. Xóchitl , García-Galindo H. Sergio
Published: July 2016

En este estudio se determinó la actividad antioxidante y capacidad de inhibir la formación y acción de radicales libres, y contenido de compuestos fenólicos totales y antocianinas de extractos acuosos y metanólicos de distintas variedades de maíz mexicano. El contenido de compuestos fenólicos varió de entre 65.75 a3400 mg/100 g y las antocianinas entre 1.5 a2052.75 mg/100 g de harina de maíz. Las variedades “AREQ516540TL” y “Veracruz 42”fueron las que mostraron la mayor capacidad de inhibir la oxidación de ABTS.+ (2-2´azino-bis-etilbenziatoline-6-acido sulfónico) mediada por persulfato de sodio y la inhibición del blanqueamiento del β-caroteno acoplado a ácido linoléico, los mismos extractos fueron los más eficientes para reducir el radical catión DDPH (1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazil).
Modelo Epistemológico de las relaciones entre el pensar y hacer en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de la Arquitectura
Authors: Tonelli Inés
Published: July 2016

Se propone explicitar un modelo epistemológico del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de la arquitectura, validado académicamente, con el objetivo de consolidar una epistemología proyectual propia de la disciplina que retroalimente la formación y la profesión.Los cambios en la sociedad demandan una profunda reflexión que contemple nuevos procedimientos en el campo proyectual y su reflejo en la enseñanza. La arquitectura en particular el saber proyectual no ha logrado hasta el momento instaurar, como muchos otros saberes, un campo de investigación en torno a la proyectualidad es decir en entes que todavía no existen.La necesidad psicológica de los arquitectos de validar científicamente las prácticas conduce al fenómeno contemporáneo de respaldarse en la epistemología para legitimar las prácticas  de la arquitectura. Por ello se considera prioritario que desde la disciplina se tome plena conciencia de la necesidad de revisar teorías, metodologías y técnicas de la arquitectura en su campo más específico y medular: el proyectual.En Las ciencias de lo artificial, Simón Herbert (1973) ofreció una nueva mirada a la epistemología del conocimiento para las disciplinas proyectuales, en las que  el  momento de la prefiguración y del proyecto actúan como mediadores entre el sujeto y el objeto o realidad cultural existente, ya no se trata solo de conocer lo que existe sino indagar y teorizar sobre lo que aún no existe.El modelo propuesto sostiene una visión integradora de la relación sujeto-objeto-conocimiento, involucrando saberes que no pertenecen aún a la realidad, que surgen de la reflexión sistemática y crítica del  proceso de diseño y que dé cuenta de la complejidad de la arquitectura al considerar como inseparables los elementos que constituyen una totalidad, donde puede verificarse la existencia de un tejido interdependiente en la relación del sujeto que diseña con los conocimientos que se crean en el mismo momento en que se desarrolla el proyecto y finalmente el conocimiento producto de la práctica concreta en la realidad.
Simulación de la transmisión de radiación solar directa en un hueco aire-luz de edificio
Authors: Eliçabe Urriol Juan José , Belluccia Horacio A.
Published: July 2016

Con un modelo estocástico se simula  la propagación de radiación solar directa en un hueco aire-luz de superficie interior cuasiespecular. Para situaciones típicas fueron calculadas las irradiancias sobre las ventanas internas y también la base del hueco. Los resultados  numéricos, desde el punto de vista de la iluminación natural (de edificios), son significativos.
Democratización y calidad democrática en México y Argentina
Authors: Russo Foresto Juan José
Published: July 2016

Este trabajo analiza algunos déficits de la competición política en México y Argentina en relación con el modelo de democratización. Para ello se parte de una distinción preliminar entre calidad democrática tout court  (de la que se ocupará el paper), que atiende al desempeño de la democracia como régimen político, donde la dimensión competición es crucial, y calidad democrática en sentido amplio, que incorpora evaluaciones sobre las instituciones y el estado. El problema de la alternancia en Argentina, expresado en la imposibilidad (desde 1983 a la fecha) para cualquier actor no peronista de cumplir el periodo de gobierno presidencial,  así como el problema de la difundida desconfianza en México, manifiesta en la recurrente contestación post electoral; constituyen fallas duraderas y relevantes de sus democracias. Para el análisis de esas fallas, se presta atención al modo en que los órdenes políticos transitaron a la democracia. La hipótesis que se sostiene es que algunos de los problemas de calidad pueden analizarse en clave de costos ocasionados por las características peculiares  de la democratización. En especial, la combinación del tipo de transición (continuo-discontinuo) con el modelo (conflictual- consensual) de consolidación democrática fueron, en los casos aquí estudiados, condiciones facilitantes para los déficit de la competición política.
Organización del trabajo y satisfacción laboral: un estudio de caso en la industria del calzado
Authors: Vargas Téllez Juan Alberto
Published: July 2016

El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir y analizar las características de la organización del trabajo (tamaño de la fuerza laboral, objeto del trabajo, medios de producción, división y distribución del trabajo), así como sus implicaciones en la satisfacción laboral de los trabajadores. El estudio se basa en las entrevistas a 16 miembros de una organización, concluyendo que entre los factores fundamentales de la motivación y satisfacción laborales, se encuentran las relaciones y la comunicación informal, así como la imagen o percepción de la conducta del dueño o director general.
La relevancia del Derecho Aduanero en la actividad financiera del Estado: Reflexiones
Authors: Moreno Yebra Felipe
Published: July 2016

Obtener recursos para cumplir con el gasto público es, quizás, la actividad  más importante que tiene el Estado.  Sólo así es dable sostener gastos en infraestructura, asistencia social, educación, cultura, seguridad nacional, entre otros. Para atraer inversión el Estado otorga concesiones a los particulares, que van desde la exención de impuestos, donación de terrenos, gasto en infraestructura, entre otros. De la actividad financiera del Estado depende la obtención, protección y, entre otros, distribución de los ingresos públicos destinados justamente al gasto público. En ese sentido, la subsistencia de la persona física o moral que habrá de pagar los tributos, es trascendental pues acorde a sus actividades serán sus ingresos, y por ende, el pago de las contribuciones.El Derecho Aduanero, como conjunto de disposiciones jurídicas que regulan la entrada y salida de mercancías de territorio nacional, regula por medio de contribuciones y regulaciones o restricciones no arancelarias, precisamente, la entrada o salida de mercancías de nuestro país. Es un hecho que el monto recaudado por el Impuesto General de Importación no es relevante para las finanzas del Estado, pues es porcentaje pequeño del total de ingresos, no obstante, el aspecto extrafiscal de los tributos aduaneros, manifiesto en el porcentaje del Impuesto General de Importación, brinda protección a la planta productiva nacional pues pretende inhibir, inclusive con regulaciones o restricciones no arancelarias, la importación de diversos productos a nuestros país.El ejecutivo federal, en uso de facultad conferida por el Congreso, es quien regula el comercio exterior en cuanto a las necesidades apremiantes de la economía nacional, sin embargo, tal poder ha sido objeto de crítica pues consideran que un solo individuo no debe ostentarlo, siendo lo correcto que el Congreso Federal sea quien cumpla con la función. Método.- El presente trabajo se desarrolló mediante investigación documental analítica. Primero se ubicaron fuentes, se procedió a su depuración, ordenandolas de la más antigua a la más reciente con la pretensión que el análisis fuera conforme a la producción de la obra.
Seawater Intrusion Impacts on the Water Quality of the Groundwater on theNorthwest Coast of Oman
Authors: Ahmed Abdelkader T. , Askri Brahim
Published: July 2016

The groundwater aquifer in the coastal region of the northwest of Oman has been used extensively since the early 1980s for agricultural, industrial and municipal purposes. The over pumping of this reservoir has led to the intrusion of seawater and therefore to the deterioration of the groundwater quality. In this study, an investigation was carried out in the southern part of this region to identify the quality of groundwater, to understand the main sources of groundwater mineralisation, and to check the suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation. The spatial distributions and temporal variations of groundwater level and electrical conductivity were studied for the period from 1982 to 2005 using data collected from 225 wells. In addition, groundwater samples were collected recently in 2012 from eight wells and analysed for pH, EC, and major ions to understand the sources of dissolved ions and assess the chemical quality of the groundwater. The study area was divided into two strips parallel to the coastline, A and B, located in the discharge and recharge parts of the aquifer, respectively. Results showed a significant increase in the degree of water mineralisation in the direction of south to north following the regional flow direction. Results showed also that the groundwater in the last area could be used for irrigation with little danger of exchangeable sodium while this aquifer is unsuitable for irrigation in the discharge area because it presents a very high salinity hazard.
Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Bentonite Nanocomposites
Authors: Ma Jing , Su Guojun , Zhang Xueping , Huang Wen
Published: July 2016

A series of bentonite nanocomposites have been synthesized by modifying bentonite with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMAB) and the common complexing agents, complexone (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, EDTA) or mercaptocomplexant (2‐Mercaptobenzothiazole, MBT). These adsorbents are used to remove heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Zn2+, Mn2+,Co2+). The Bent‐CTMAB‐MBT adsorbed metal ions are higher than Bent‐CTMAB‐EDTA under the same ion concentration in AAS. Compared with the single ion system, the adsorption of the mixed ion system of Cu2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Co2+ had decreased differently. In the mixed system, the adsorption of Mn2+ is significantly lower, but the adsorption of Cu2+ was highest. The adsorption sequence of these four metal ions was Cu2+ > Zn2+ > Co2+ > Mn2+, and the selective adsorption was closely related to the hydration energy of heavy metal ions. We could remove more metal ions in different stages with the adsorption sequence.
Oktatási jelzés és szűrés a munkaerőpiacon – az empirikus vizsgálatok tanulságai
Authors: Kun András István
Published: July 2016

Az oktatás jelző/szűrő hipotézise szerint az oktatási intézmények munkaerő-piaci funkciója nem csupán a tanulóik, hallgatóik munkavégző képességének (termelékenységének) növelése lehet, de mérhetik és jelezhetik is azt a munkaadók felé. A közgazdaságtan empirikus irodalmában az 1970-es évek ótaszületnek újabb és újabb kísérletek ezen információs funkció igazolására, mérésére, mindeddig érdemi eredmény nélkül. Jelen tanulmány az oktatás, képzés munkaerő-piaci jelző/szűrő modelljeit és ezek empirikus irodalmát elemzi, mely során arra keresi a választ milyen okok állhatnak a tesztelési kísérleteksorozatos kudarcai mögött. Legfőbb megállapítása szerint a méréseknek vissza kell térniük az elméleti modellekhez, mert túlzottan elszakadtak azoktól és az oktatás vállalati hasznosulásának vizsgálatára kell koncentrálniuk. Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: I21, J21
Jellemző-e a stratégiai gondolkodás az Észak-magyarországi Régió kkv-szektorában?
Authors: Takácsné György Katalin , Takács István
Published: July 2016

A kis- és középvállalkozások gazdasági jelentősége regionális eltérő. A kutatás az Észak-magyarországi Régióban működő vállalkozások körében 2011 őszén lefolytatott felmérés alapján foglalja össze a változásokra történő reagálásuk, stratégiai gondolkodásuk és innovációs képességük összefüggéseit. A régióra jellemző az alacsony gazdasági aktivitás, az ipari tevékenységet végző kkv-k országos átlagnálalacsonyabb aránya, a magas munkanélküliség, valamint az alacsony szakképzettségűek magas aránya. A vizsgált vállalkozások körében nem volt kimutatható a tudatos jövőalkotás, sokkal inkább a stratégiaigondolkodás hiánya jellemző. A tudatos stratégiaépítők az ágazati átlagot elérő vagy azt meghaladó jövedelmezőségről számoltak be. Összefüggést mutattunk ki a stratégiáról alkotott ismeretek mélységeés a formalizált stratégia megléte között, ami az oktatás szerepére hívja fel a figyelmet. A kkv-szektor szereplői megerősödésének egyik kulcseleme – a stratégiai gondolkodás mellett – a folyamatos megújulás, az innovativitás, illetve a ágazati legjobb gyakorlat figyelése, adaptálása: az imitáció.

Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: D220
The “guitar pick” sign: a novel sign of retrobulbar hemorrhage
Authors: Theoret Jonathan , Sanz Geoffrey E. , Matero David , Guth Todd , Erickson Catherine , Liao Michael M. , Kendall John L.
Published: July 2016

Retrobulbar hemorrhage is a rare complication of blunt ocular trauma. Without prompt intervention, permanent reduction in visual acuity can develop in as little as 90 minutes. We report a novel bedside ultrasound finding of conical deformation of the posterior ocular globe: the “guitar pick” sign. In our elderly patient, the ocular globe shape normalized post–lateral canthotomy and inferior cantholysis. Identifying this sonographic finding may add to the clinical examination when deciding whether to perform decompression.
Asymptomatic pulmonary embolus masquerading as acute anteroseptal myocardial infarction
Authors: Noble Jeanne , Singh Amandeep
Published: July 2016

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is an uncommon and often overlooked cause of ST-segment elevation on the electrocardiogram (ECG). Emergent echocardiography has been cited as a means to rapidly distinguish acute myocardial infarction from PE. However, both of these conditions can present with focal wall motion abnormalities. We report a case of a 51-year-old asymptomatic male who presented to our emergency department with anterior ST-segment elevation and right-heart strain on an ECG. The clinical diagnosis of ST elevation myocardial infarction was in doubt, and an echocardiogram was obtained while the patient was in the emergency department. Although a focal area of hypokinesia was observed on echocardiography, cardiac catherization did not demonstrate any evidence of acute coronary occlusion. A computed tomographic angiogram of the chest was subsequently obtained, which demonstrated evidence of submassive pulmonary emboli. Our case highlights the limited utility of emergent echocardiography in cases of ST-segment elevation.
Using cervical spine clearance guidelines in a pediatric population: a survey of physician practices and opinions
Authors: Burns Emma C. , Yanchar Natalie L.
Published: July 2016

Background:

Unlike in adults, there are currently no standardized, validated guidelines to aid practitioners in clearing the pediatric cervical spine (C-spine). Many pediatric centres in Canada have locally produced, adult-modified guidelines, but the extent to which these or other guidelines are used is unknown.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to determine if Canadian physicians are using either locally produced or adult C-spine guidelines to clear the C- spines of patients < 16 years of age. The study also characterized the common methods used by physicians to clear pediatric C-spine injuries in terms of clinical examination and radiologic imaging.

Methods:

A 20-question survey was distributed to 240 Canadian pediatric emergency physicians and trauma team leaders using the Dillman Total Design Method.

Results:

The response rate was 68%. The results showed that 61% of physicians currently use guidelines to assist in the clearance of pediatric C-spines. Of those physicians not using guidelines, 85% stated that they would use them if they were available. The clinical criteria most often used to clear pediatric C-spines were a normal neurologic examination (97%) and the absence of C-spine tenderness (95%), intoxication (94%), and distracting injuries (87%).

Conclusions:

Guidelines are commonly used by Canadian physicians when clearing the pediatric C-spine, yet few are validated in children. Those most commonly used are locally developed guidelines, the Canadian C-spine guidelines, or National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study (NEXUS) low-risk criteria.
Predictors of pandemic influenza infection in adults presenting to two urban emergency departments, Toronto, 2009
Authors: Lee Todd C. , Taggart Linda R. , Mater Barbara , Katz Kevin , McGeer Allison
Published: July 2016

Objective:

Identifying features that differentiate patients with H1N1 influenza infection from those with other conditions may assist clinical decision making during waves of pandemic influenza activity.

Methods:

From April 27 to June 15, 2009, nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from all adults presenting to two urban emergency departments (EDs) with illness including fever or respiratory symptoms. H1N1 infection was detected by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. Chart review was performed to compare cases of H1N1 influenza (n = 117) to matched controls.

Results:

The median age of cases was 35 years versus 50 years for controls (p < .001). In those with pre-existing conditions, asthma was present in 31% of cases versus 14% of controls (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3–5.4). Cough (OR 7.8, 95% CI 3.2–19), fever (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.7–5.4), headache (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2–3.2), and myalgias (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2–3.1) were significantly more common in H1N1 cases. The median white blood cell count was 5.7 × 109/mL versus 10.9 × 109/mL (p < .001). The combination of fever and cough had an OR of 5.3. Fever, cough, low white blood cell (WBC) count, and tachycardia had the highest OR at 11. The absence of both fever and cough had a negative predictive value of 99%, but this occurred in only 8% of controls.

Conclusion:

In patients presenting to the ED, the combination of fever, cough, tachycardia, and WBC count < 10 × 109/mL was suggestive of H1N1 influenza infection. However, clinical features could not reliably distinguish influenza from other acute respiratory illnesses in adult ED patients.
Emergency physicians’ management of transient ischemic attack and desired sensitivity of a clinical decision rule for stroke in three countries
Authors: Perry Jeffrey J. , Goindi Reena , Brehaut Jamie , Taljaard Monica , Schneider Sandra , Stiell Ian G.
Published: July 2016

Objective:

Four to 10% of patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) suffer a stroke or die within 7 days. Our objectives were to determine (1) current practice for investigating and treating emergency department (ED) patients with TIA, (2) willingness to use a clinical decision rule to identify patients at high risk of impending stroke or death, and (3) the required sensitivity of this rule.

Methods:

We administered a mail survey to a random sample of members of three national emergency physician associations in Australia, Canada, and the United States using a modified Dillman technique. A prenotification letter and up to three surveys were sent.

Results:

A total of 801 responses (53.7%) from 1,493 surveys were received; 53.6% (95% CI 47.5–59.7) of emergency physicians reported routinely admitting TIA patients, ranging from 6.6% in Canada to 56.7% in the United States, and 9.9% of emergency physicians have a stroke prevention clinic, with 4.7% estimating that patients are seen within 7 days. A sensitive clinical decision rule for TIA patients would be used by 96.3% (95% CI 93.9–98.7) of emergency physicians. The median required sensitivity of this rule for stroke or death within 7 days was 97%.

Conclusions:

Almost half of all TIA patients are managed as outpatients,which is neither expedited nor in a dedicated stroke clinic. Emergency physicians indicate a willingness to use a highly sensitive clinical decision rule to triage TIA patients.
Pseudoaneurysm formation following a traumatic wrist laceration
Authors: Poonai Naveen , Lim Rodrick , Lynch Tim
Published: July 2016

Pseudoaneurysms occur secondary to partial disruption of the arterial wall. They are a commonly described complication of arterial injury, with penetrating injury and iatrogenic arterial catheterization being the most common etiologies in children. Many present weeks to months after the injury, and the initial vascular injury is often missed. The complications of pseudoaneurysm, which include thromboembolism, neurapraxia, and compartment syndrome, underscore the importance of early recognition and management. Definitive therapy consists of ultrasound-guided compression or resection and possible graft interposition. We describe a case of pseudoaneurysm formation in the radial artery of an adolescent girl 6weeks following a penetrating injury. The patient’s injury was complicated by sensory and motor deficits consistent with ulnar nerve compression. This case attests to the importance of adequately ruling out arterial injury in penetrating injury and close followup if the history is suggestive. In addition, a high index of suspicion is warranted to facilitate imaging of a pulsatile mass to avoid confusion of a thrombosed artery with an abscess.
Resuscitation interventions in a tertiary level pediatric emergency department: implications for maintenance of skills
Authors: Guilfoyle F. Jonathan , Milner Ruth , Kissoon Niranjan
Published: July 2016

Objective:

To describe the frequency and proportion of successful resuscitation interventions in a pediatric emergency department (PED).

Methods and Material:

This was a retrospective chart review of children at the BC Children's Hospital (BCCH) PED who were admitted to the BCCH pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in 2004 and 2005. Demographic data, diagnosis, and resuscitation interventions in the PED and within the first 24 hours of PICU admission were recorded. The training of the operator and the number of attempts needed were also recorded.

Results:

There were 75,133 PED visits; 304 of 329 (92.4%) who met inclusion criteria were reviewed. Diagnoses included respiratory distress (n= 115, 35%), trauma (n= 50, 15%), sepsis (n= 36, 11%), seizures (n= 37, 11%), and cardiac disease (n= 22, 7%). Ninety-nine patients required intubation. Intubations in the PED were performed by residents (20%), pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) fellows (15%), PEM attending staff (29%), and PICU fellows (12%); 81% of these were successful on the first attempt. In the PED, seven central lines were placed, seven intraosseous needles were inserted, 15 patients required inotropes, and 9 patients required chest compressions.

Conclusion:

Critical illness in our emergency department is a rare event; hence, opportunities to resuscitate, secure airways, and place central venous catheters are limited. Additional training, close working relationships between the PED and the PICU teams, and resuscitation protocols for early PICU involvement may be needed.