bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Analysis of Damping across Joints in Metal Plates
Authors: Walker S.J.I. , Aglietti G.S. , Cunningham P.R.
Published: March 2009

In the current world of engineering, structural vibration problems continue impact the
design and construction of a wide range of products. Amid the parameters that determine the
dynamic behaviour of a structure the one that takes into account the dissipation of energy resulting
in the decay of the vibration is the least understood and the most difficult to quantify [1]. The
estimation of damping factors is of interest in most branches of engineering sciences. In the field of
aircraft structures the damping directly affects the fatigue life, a parameter which is applied
conservatively due to the inherent complexity in modelling the damping of built up structures and
the potentially catastrophic consequences of a fatigue failure. One of the most important problems
is the limited knowledge of how joints affect the damping of the complete structure. This work
therefore addresses this issue and focuses on the damping of joints in metal plates as part of a larger
project to investigate the damping of built up structures. Various plate configurations are
experimentally investigated using two different approaches. The results from the configurations are
compared and discussed along with the advantages and disadvantages of each experimental
approach. This enables a link to be identified between the damping magnitudes and the mode
shapes and joint stiffnesses.
Tracking Nonlinear Oscillations with Time-Delayed Feedback
Authors: Sieber Jan , Krauskopf B.
Published: March 2009

We demonstrate a method for tracking the onset of oscillations (Hopf bifurcation) in nonlinear
dynamical systems. Our method does not require a mathematical model of the dynamical system
but instead relies on feedback controllability. This makes the approach potentially applicable in an
experiment. The main advantage of our method is that it allows one to vary parameters directly along
the stability boundary. In other words, there is no need to observe the transient oscillations of the
dynamical system for a long time to determine their decay or growth. Moreover, the procedure automatically
tracks the change of the critical frequency along the boundary and is able to continue the
Hopf bifurcation curve into parameter regions where other modes are unstable.We illustrate the basic
ideas with a numerical realization of the classical autonomous dry friction oscillator.
Vibration of a Beam Excited by a Moving Flexible Body
Authors: Ouyang Hua Jiang , Mottershead John E.
Published: March 2009

The vibration of a beam excited by a moving simple oscillator is an extensively studied
problem. However, the vibration of a beam excited by an elastic body with conformal contact has
attracted much less attention. This is the subject of the present paper. The established model is a big
improvement to the moving oscillator model and has many engineering applications.
Because the moving body is flexible, the moving loads at the contact interface are not known a
priori and must be determined together with the dynamics of the whole system. Considerable
mathematical complication arises as a result, compared with the moving-oscillator problem, even if
the contact is assumed to be complete. In this paper, the equation of motion of the beam and the
moving body are established separately using an analytical-numerical combined approach. The
equation for the moving loads is established through the displacement continuity at the contact
interface. It is found from the simulated numerical results that the deflection of the beam displays
several cycles of oscillation during the passage of the moving body and can exceed the maximum
static deflection at moderate speeds, but is close to the static deflection when the speed is either
very low or very high.
A New Approach to Stress Analysis of Vascular Devices Using High Resolution Thermoelastic Stress Analysis
Authors: Eaton-Evans James , Dulieu-Barton Janice M. , Little Edward G. , Brown Ian A.
Published: March 2009

Thermoelastic Stress Analysis (TSA) is a non-contacting technique that provides full
field stress information and can record high-resolution measurements from small structures. The
work presented in this paper summarises the application of TSA to two types of small medical
devices that are used to treat diseased arteries; angioplasty balloons and vascular stents. The use of
high resolution optics is described along with a calibration methodology that allows quantitative
stress measurements to be taken from the balloon structure. A brief account of a study undertaken to
characterise the thermoelastic response from Nitinol is also included and it is demonstrated that
thermoelastic data can be obtained from a stent at high resolutions.
Finite Element Model Updating of Large Structures by the Clustering of Parameter Sensitivities
Authors: Shahverdi H. , Mares Cristinel , Wang W. , Greaves C.H. , Mottershead John E.
Published: March 2009

Finite element model updating of a Westland Lynx XZ649 helicopter tail is presented.
Eigenvalue sensitivities with respect to Young’s modulus and mass density are used. Large groups
based on material input data were divided to form smaller subgroups so that those parts of the
model responsible for errors in the predicted eigenvalues were located. A particular new
development was the use of parameter clustering based on the similarity of different columns of the
sensitivity matrix. Finally the finite element model was updated successfully with regard to the
lower frequency tail-bending modes.
Determination of Weld Metal Mechanical Properties Utilising Novel Tensile Testing Methods
Authors: Kartal M. , Molak Rafal M. , Turski Mark , Gungor S. , Fitzpatrick Michael E. , Edwards Lyndon
Published: March 2009

The aim of this study was to develop a method of extracting local mechanical properties
from weld metal by strain mapping using the digital image correlation (DIC) technique. The
feasibility of determining local stress-strain behaviour in the weld zone of a 316H stainless steel
pipe with a girth weld was investigated by tensile tests of specimens machined from the pipe so that
it contained the weld at its centre. The tensile test was recorded using a high resolution digital
camera and the DIC technique was used to obtain the complete set of full field displacement maps
during the tensile test. The local strain was calculated at every sub-region of 32×32 pixels, which
enabled the local stress-strain behaviour for this region to be determined. Results from these tests
show the variability of the elastic modulus, yield stress and UTS across the weld. To check the
reliability of the technique, a set of micro tensile samples, with gauge length of 3.7mm and crosssectional
area of 0.7×0.7 mm2, were machined from the various locations in and around the weld
zone. The comparison of stress-strain curves determined from micro-samples to stress-strain curves
from the corresponding locations within a larger more conventional tensile specimen shows
reasonably good agreement.
Confidence of Detection of Fracture Signals Using Acoustic Emission
Authors: Pullin Rhys , Holford Karen M. , Evans S.L.
Published: March 2009

This paper reports on a practical investigation into methodology confidence of detection
(COD) in acoustic emission (AE) testing. The developed technique relies on a commercially
available software technique called “source cluster analysis” that examines the number of detected
signals over a specific area. Two factors that control cluster analysis are cluster size (the area that
signals are detected within) and cluster threshold (the number of detected events required to trigger
a cluster).
A confidence of detection matrix was developed based on altering cluster size and cluster threshold
which was then applied to a practical investigation of a four-point bend test monitored using AE.
Fracture length in the specimen was monitored using a foil crack gauge. The varying sizes and
thresholds of the confidence matrix were used in a cluster analysis of the recorded AE data, as the
initial cluster formed in the fracture region a crack length could be identified (based on the foil
crack gauge). Results showed that it was possible to detect a crack length of 0.55 mm with a very
high level of confidence.
Error Estimations in Digital Image Correlation Technique
Authors: Siebert Thorsten , Becker Thomas , Spiltthof Karsten , Neumann Isabell , Krupka Rene
Published: March 2009

The reliability for each measurement technique depends on the knowledge of it’s
uncertainty and the sources of errors of the results. Among the different techniques for optical
measurement techniques for full field analysis of displacements and strains, digital image
correlation (DIC) has been proven to be very flexible, robust and easy to use, covering a wide range
of different applications. Nevertheless the measurement results are influenced by statistical and
systematical errors. We discuss a 3D digital image correlation system which provides online error
information and the propagation of errors through the calculation chain to the resulting contours,
displacement and strains. Performance tests for studying the impact of calibration errors on the
resulting data are shown for static and dynamic applications.
Improved Correlation of Measured and Predicted Hysteresis Loops in a Multiaxial Fretting Fatigue Test Rig for Spline Couplings
Authors: Houghton D. , Wavish P.M. , Williams Edward J. , Leen Sean B.
Published: March 2009

This paper investigates the comparison of the measured and predicted force-displacement loops of a multiaxial representative fretting fatigue test rig for aeroengine spline couplings. A local finite element model of the fretting specimen and the fretting bridge is outlined. A more extensive model of the fretting test rig is then introduced. This global model also includes the loading structures. The model captures the compliance of the fretting test rig and improves the correlation of the observed hysteresis. This method allows the slip amplitude at the contacts to be quantified.
Plotting of Isoclinic Phasemap from Finite Element Results and its Use in Digital Photoelasticity
Authors: Ashokan K. , Ramesh K.
Published: March 2009

Digital photoelasticity is an experimental method for determining stresses in 2D and 3D
models. In digital photoelasticity one gets a wrapped isoclinic phasemap. The main issue with
wrapped isoclinic phasemaps is that the isoclinic values obtained do not uniformly represent the
principal stress direction of one of the principal stresses consistently over the entire domain. These
zones are labelled as inconsistent zones. Such zones need to be identified and corrected to get
unwrapped values of continuous isoclinic phase values. In this paper, a method is developed to plot
the simulated wrapped and unwrapped isoclinic phasemap from 2D Finite Element (FE) results so
that one can use this as a convenient tool for identification and correction of inconsistent zones in
isoclinic phasemaps obtained experimentally for complex problems. The method is explained by
using the problem of a circular disc under diametral compression. The application of this method
for handling complex problems is demonstrated by solving the cantilever bending of a binocular
specimen.
A Dynamic Friction Law Describing Heat and Wear in Contact Zones
Authors: Ostermeyer Georg Peter
Published: March 2009

The analysis of friction in brake systems shows a complex dynamic dependence of friction and
wear. Friction produces wear but wear affects the surface topography and by that the friction power
itself. The wear in technical brake systems causes a dynamic equilibrium of growth and destruction
of surface structures on the brake pad, carrying the friction power. This interaction between friction
and wear generates a new dynamic friction law, which describes the effects on friction, wear and
temperature on different time scales. For very slow processes the friction law reduces to the
classical form, describing only the velocity and heat dependence of friction. For unsteady processes
the dynamic friction law is able to describe and explain even complex measured friction events in
brake systems.
Modal Analysis of Bridges for the SHM Purposes
Authors: Mendrok Krzysztof , Uhl Tadeusz
Published: March 2009

The paper presents problems of modal testing of large civil engineering objects like
bridges or viaducts. Authors placed here the practical information, which need to be taken into
account while planning and performing this type of measurements. Descriptions of 3 modal
experiments with their results are shown. All measurements and analysis were performed for the
structural health monitoring and damage assessment purposes. Particularly interesting is the third
case, where authors tried to assess a damage level in the road viaduct without undamaged structure
model.
Wave Propagation Modelling in Composite Plates
Authors: Kudela Pawel , Ostachowicz Wiesław M.
Published: March 2009

The paper presents results of numerical simulation for transverse elastic waves corresponding to A0 mode of Lamb waves propagating in a composite plate. This problem is solved by using the Spectral Finite Element Method. Spectral plate elements with 36 nodes defined at Gauss-Lobatto-Legendre points are used. As a consequence of selecting Lagrange polynomials discrete orthogonality guaranteed leading to a diagonal mass matrix. This results in a crucial reduction of numerical operations required for a chosen time integration scheme. Numerical calculations have been carried out for various orientations of reinforcing fibres within the plate as well as for various fibre volumes fractions. The paper shows that the velocities of transverse elastic waves in composite materials are functions of the fibre orientation and the fibre volume fraction.
Flying Cutting of Spatially Curved Extrusion Profiles
Authors: Munzinger Christian , Fleischer Jürgen , Stengel Gregor
Published: March 2009

The innovative process of curved profile extrusion facilitates the cost-effective production of lightweight structures with spatially curved profiles even for small series. Due to the extrusion process a continuous flow of material is unavoidable. The profiles have to be separated reactionlessly during the extrusion following the complex trajectory of the cut-off point in space. This paper discusses the challenges for a flying cut-off device. In addition to a concept to generate the trajectories and control the movements, the main parameters for dimensioning a cut-off device
are presented. A specially designed clamping device permits to generate high accelerations. Further on, cutting results are shown especially for extruded sections with continuous reinforcing elements of steel.
Structure and Electrical Properties of Highly (100)-Oriented Ba(Zr0.05Ti0.95)O3 Films Prepared by Chemical Solution Deposition
Authors: Guo Yi Ping , Suzuki Kazuyuki , Nishizawa Kaori , Miki Takeshi , Kato Kazumi
Published: March 2009

A chemical solution deposition process for preparation of highly (100)-oriented
Ba(Zr0.05Ti0.95)O3 films was developed. The orientation degree of Ba(Zr0.05Ti0.95)O3 thin films
prepared by this process can reach up to 99.1%. The electrical properties of the (100)-oriented films
prepared by this process have been studied. The Ba(Zr0.05Ti0.95)O3 films with a thickness of about 270
nm show a dielectric constant of ∼740 and a loss tangent of ∼3%. The remanent polarization (2Pr) and
coercive field (2Ec) are 3.2 μC/cm2 and 34 kV/cm, respectively.
Hydrogen and Oxygen Chemical Potential Dependence of Electrical Conductivity of SrCe0.95Yb0.05O3-x
Authors: Fukatsu Norihiko , Masuoka Hideki , Kato Hideki , Kurita Noriaki
Published: March 2009

In order to clarify the validity of the model of crystal defects that was proposed by the
authors to explain the electrochemical properties of the proton conducting oxide, the total electrical
conductivity of the sintered sample of SrCe0.95Yb0.05O3-X was measured under the controlled oxygen
and hydrogen potentials. The results show that the dependence of conductivity on the potentials is
reasonably explained by the reported defect model.
Thermal Conductivity of Mullite/Al2O3 Ceramics Sintered with Li2O, CaO and Y2O3
Authors: Li You Fen , Liu Qing , Liu Wei Wei , Li Min
Published: March 2009

Dense Mullite/Al2O3 ceramics with a thermal conductivity of 45 W/m.K were obtained at
the sintering temperature of 1500°C using Li2O, CaO and Y2O3 as additives. At temperature below
1500°C, the shrinkage of Mullite/Al2O3 ceramics is promoted by liquid LiAlSi2O6 and Al2Y4O9.
Liquid LiAlSi2O6 mainly improves the densification of the sample when the sintering temperature
increases to 1500°C. The formation of liquid phase at a relatively low temperature results in
homogeneous Al2Y4O9 and Ca(Al2Si2O8) distributed around the Mullite/Al2O3 particles, which
benefits the thermal conductivity improved.
Preparation of Zinc Phosphate Glass-Derived Hydrogels and Their Proton Conductivities
Authors: Akamatsu T. , Kasuga Toshihiro , Nogami Masayuki , Stachel Dörte
Published: March 2009

When fine-sized 45ZnO·55P2O5 or 50ZnO·50P2O5 glass powders were mixed with
distilled water, hydration immediately occurred, resulting in the formation of viscous hydrogels. 31P
MAS-NMR spectra showed that the hydrogels contain orthophosphates and long-chain phosphates;
no significant differences in their structures between the hydrogels were shown. The 45ZP gel and
50ZP gel showed high conductivities (e.g., 9.9 and 2.8 mS/cm, respectively, at 30°C). The
conductivities were related to the proton amount in the hydrogel; the amount in the 45ZP gel was
larger than that in the 50ZP gel. Electric double-layer capacitors (EDCs) were prepared using
electrolytes consisting of the hydrogels. The specific capacities of the EDC cell for the 45ZP gel and
50ZP gel were 2.40 and 2.06 F/g, respectively. The possibility as an EDC electrolyte may be related to
proton conductivities of the hydrogels.
Cathodoluminescence of Diffusion Layer Synthesized by Coupling of α-Al2O3 and ZnO
Authors: Suzuki Kenichi , Kuroki Yuichiro , Okamoto Tomoichiro , Takata Masasuke
Published: March 2009

Alpha aluminum oxide (α-Al2O3) ceramics was coupled and reacted with zinc oxide (ZnO) ceramics at 1200°C for 24 h. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis revealed the existence of step-shaped distribution of Al and Zn near the interface between α-Al2O3 and ZnO. Intense ultraviolet (3.75 eV) emission was clearly observed from the layer. On the other hand, very weak emissions were observed outside the layer near the interface. The compound in the layer is considered to be an attractive material for ultraviolet optoelectronics.
Development of New Crystallized Glasses with Nanocrystals and Nonlinear Optical Properties
Authors: Benino Yasuhiko , Fujiwara Takumi , Komatsu Takayuki
Published: March 2009

New crystallized glasses with nonlinear optical properties are developed by various
thermal processes for glassy materials which involve the precisely controlled heat-treatment and the
novel crystallization patterning using laser spot heating technique. The nonlinear optical functions
and their applications are discussed based on the morphologies of the precipitated crystalline phases.
The enhancement of the nonlinear optical properties can be expected by introduction of internal stress
during the thermal process.
Improvement of Second-Order Optical Nonlinearity in Transparent Ba2TiGe2O8 Crystallized Glasses Prepared in High Magnetic Field
Authors: Toyohara Nozomu , Benino Yasuhiko , Fujiwara Takumi , Tanaka Satoshi , Uematsu Keizo , Takahashi Yoshihiro , Komatsu Takayuki
Published: March 2009

A high magnetic field of H = 10 T was applied to 30BaO-15TiO2-55GeO2 glass through its
crystallization process. It was found that the c-axis of Ba2TiGe2O8 optical nonlinear/ferroelectric
crystals oriented along the magnetic field. The second harmonic intensity of crystallized glass which
the high magnetic field was applied perpendicular to the surface of glass was enhanced compared with
a conventional crystallization in no magnetic field. Transparencies, photorefractive indices and
thicknesses were also measured. As a result, crystal orientation of Ba2TiGe2O8 in glass matrix
induced by a high magnetic field causes improvement of transparency and low value of
photorefractive index.
Spectral Hole Burning in Sol-Gel-Derived Eu3+-Doped Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2 Glass
Authors: You Hong Peng , Hayakawa Tomokatsu , Nogami Masayuki
Published: March 2009

Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2 glass containing europium ions was prepared by a sol-gel method. The excitation spectrum of the Eu3+ ions in the glass consists of the charge transfer and f-f transition absorptions of the Eu3+ ions. The emission spectrum indicates the coexistence of the Eu2+ and Eu3+ ions. The formation of some reducing agents in the heat-treatment process should be responsible for the reduction from Eu3+ to Eu2+ ions. The fluorescence line-narrowing spectra reveal that there are two different environments for the Eu3+ ions. Persist spectral hole was burned in the excitation of the 5D0-7F0 transition of the Eu3+ ions. We suggested a possible mechanism on the persistent spectral hole burning of the Eu3+ ion in the glass.
Effect of K2O Addition on Crystallization and Microstructure of Li2O-ZnO-Al2O3-SiO2 System Glass-Ceramics
Authors: Ke Z.B. , Lu An Xian , Huang G.F.
Published: March 2009

The Li2O-ZnO-Al2O3-SiO2 system glasses with varying content of K2O were prepared.
Crystallization processes of these glasses were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Microstructure of the glass-ceramics was studied using
scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The sequence of crystallization of Li2O-ZnO-Al2O3-SiO2
glasses can be divided into three stages such as crystallization of β1-Li2ZnSiO4, crystallization of
Li2Al2Si3O10 and conversion of β1-Li2ZnSiO4 to γ0-Li2ZnSiO4. The K2O content doesn’t vary the
crystallization sequence but enhances the crystallization of β1-Li2ZnSiO4. At the same time the
introducing of K2O in Li2O-ZnO-Al2O3-SiO2 system hinders the crystallization of Li2Al2Si3O10 and
the transformation of β1-Li2ZnSiO4 to the more stable phase γ0- Li2ZnSiO4.
Difference of Properties between Yb3+-Doped Silicate and Phosphate Laser Glasses
Authors: Lu An Xian , Liu S.J. , Tang X.D. , He S.B.
Published: March 2009

The Yb3+-doped silicate and phosphate laser glasses were prepared by using of traditional
melt quenching technology, and the physical and spectral properties were investigated. The results
show that the stimulated emission cross section and the fluorescence lifetime are 0.67×10-20cm2
and 1200μs for the silicate glass, and 0.75×10-20cm2 and 1000μs for the phosphate glass
respectively. And silicate glass’s mechanical and thermal properties were better than that of
phosphate glass. But Yb3+-doped phosphate glass has lower nonlinear refraction index n2. Both
Yb3+-doped silicate and phosphate glasses are possible to be used as laser medium.
Preparation of Macroporous Glass-Ceramic Composites Containing β-TCP
Authors: Obata Akiko , Sasaki Megumi , Kasuga Toshihiro
Published: March 2009

A macroporous phosphate invert glass ceramic (PIGC) was prepared by dipping polymer
sponges in the powder-slurry of the mother glass with a composition of 60CaO-30P2O-3TiO2-
7Na2O in mol%, and subsequent burning off the sponge at 850°C for 1 hr. The macroporous
PIGC consists predominantly of ß-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and ß-calcium pyrophosphate, and
it has macropores of 500 μm in diameter and porosity of 83 %. Its compressive strength was
estimated to be 160 kPa. The PIGC composite containing a large amount of β-TCP was also
prepared by heating the mixture of Ca(OH)2 with the mother glass powders of the PIGC.
Solubility of the composite was higher than PIGC. The macroporous PIGC and PIGC composite
were expected to be applicable in high resorbable scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
Selective Adsorption of Microorganisms onto Artificial Siderophore-Modified Glass Surface
Authors: Inomata Tomohiko , Matsumoto Kenji , Funahashi Yasuhiro , Ozawa Tomohiro , Masuda Hideki
Published: March 2009

The hydroxamate-based artificial siderophore that contains terminated-amine group was newly synthesized. This artificial siderophore formed stable complex with FeIII ion and high bio-activities. The FeIII-artificial siderophore complex was attached onto the glass substrate surface by stepwise self-assembling method. The obtained artificial siderophore-modified glass substrate adsorbed the Gram-positive bacterium Microbacterium. flavescens. The Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia. coli was not adsorbed. The artificial siderophore-modified glass substrates indicated the selective adsorption of microorganisms.
Effect of Atmosphere on Zinc Oxide Crystal Growth by Electric Current Heating with Au Catalyst
Authors: Minato Kenichi , Okamoto Tomoichiro , Takata Masasuke
Published: March 2009

We developed a new zinc oxide (ZnO) crystal growth method using Au combined with
electric current heating. Au paste was placed on a ZnO ceramic bar. When a certain current flowed
through the bar, the paste melted on the bar. Then crystals grew on the molten Au surface immediately.
The shape of the crystals depended on the atmosphere during the growth. The whiskers with spherical
top and the crystals consisting of a hexangular pyramidal base and needle head were grown on Au in
air and Ar atmosphere, respectively. From cathodoluminescence at room temperature, the weak
ultraviolet (UV) emission at approximately 3.2 eV and the strong visible emission at approximately
2.3 eV were observed from the whisker grown in air. The UV emission at approximately 3.3 eV
dominated a spectrum from the pyramidal crystal grown in Ar atmosphere.
Nickel Phthalocyanine Complex Encapsulated into Nanopores of Faujasite Zeolite
Authors: Ohata Nayumi , Ito Yurie , Gomibuchi Daisuke , Kitamura Hideki , Funahashi Yasuhiro , Ozawa Tomohiro , Masuda Hideki
Published: March 2009

Nickel(II) phthalocyanine complexes encapsulated in X-type Zeolite were constructed by
the ‘Ship-in-bottle’ synthesis, whose characterizations were performed by fluorescent X-ray, UV-vis,
reflectance, and ESR spectroscopic methods. UV-vis and Reflectance spectra of NiPc-Na+-X
suggested that the Pc ring was synthesized. Solid state ESR spectrum of NiPc-Na+-X gave
characteristic pattern for organic radical species. Catalytic oxidation reactivity of the NiPc-Na+-X in
homogeneous reaction have been studied for organic substrate in the presence of H2O2.
Pulsed Wire Discharge Apparatus for Mass Production of Nanosized Powders
Authors: Nishimura Seigo , Hayashi Y. , Suzuki Tsuneo , Nakayama Tadachika , Suematsu Hisayuki , Jiang Wei Hua , Yamazaki A. , Seki K. , Niihara Koichi
Published: March 2009

A pulsed wire discharge (PWD) apparatus for mass production of nanosized powders was
developed. The apparatus had a wire feeder, and could prepare 1.5 g of Cu powder in 200 sec. The
mean surface diameter of Cu powder was 86 nm. The particle size distribution of the powder
prepared by 100 discharges was increased than that by one discharge. In addition, the median
diameter of the powder after the 100 discharges was larger than that by one discharge. A part of the
nanosized powders in production chamber of the apparatus would be grown by the deposition of
plasma or vapor formed by the next discharge.
Properties of Polyacrylic Ester Emulsion Modified with Octa(nitrophenyl)silsesquioxane (ONPS)
Authors: Hu Li Mei , Li Qi Fang , Geng Hai Ping
Published: March 2009

Octaphenylsilsesquioxane (OPS) and Octa(nitrophenyl)silsesquioxane (ONPS) were
synthesized by a conventional approach. The structure was characterized by FTIR, GPC, 1H NMR
and 29Si NMR. Then ONPS was added into the latex to modify polyacrylic ester (PAE) emulsion.
The compatibility, mechanical and thermal properties of modified PAE emulsion were investigated
through di.erential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the tensile strength tester and transmission electron
microscopy (TEM) micrographs.The studies on TEM and the particle size distribution showed that
the Octa(nitrophenyl)silsesquioxane particles homogeneously disperse in the emulsion at a
nanometer scale. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that the addition of ONPS increased Tg
of PAE emulsion significantly. The tensile strength of films increased with the addition of ONPS,
but rupture elongation decreased slightly. The general properties obtained optimum when the
content of ONPS was 2∼3%.
An N2S3-Type Co(III) Complex Adsorbed into Mesopores of FSM as a High-Performance Device
Authors: Yano Takuma , Ikeda Tomohiro , Funahashi Yasuhiro , Ozawa Tomohiro , Masuda Hideki
Published: March 2009

A distorted square-pyramidal N2S3-type Co(III) complex with a vacant site was previously
synthesized as an active site model of Nitrile hydratase (NHase), and the coordination behavior of a
water molecule to the vacant site was discussed. In this paper, the coordination of other monodentate
ligands (CN-, tBuNC) to the complex was studied using UV-vis and IR spectral measurements. The
UV-vis spectra changed with isosbestic points at ca. 300 nm and 370 nm by addition of CN- or tBuNC.
The IR spectra showed C≡N stretching vibrations at 2112 and 2197 cm-1, respectively, both of which
are different from those of the respective metal-free ligands, CN- (2069 cm-1) and tBuNC (2135 cm-1).
These results indicate that CN- and tBuNC can coordinate to the vacant site of the Co(III) complex.
Furthermore, we tried the adsorption experiments of the complex into FSM (folded-sheet mesoporous
metarial) with hydrophobic mesopores. The adsorption amount of PPh4[Co(L1-O4)] for FSM
exhibited a high value of ∼40 w/w% in CH2Cl2, although such an adsorption behavior was not
observed in MeOH.
Influence of Regulator, Temperature and Monomer Proportion on the Microstructure and Sequence Distribution of Random Isoprene-Styrene Copolymer
Authors: Feng Hua Dong , Qi Yu Xia , Yao Ming , Zhang Xing Ying
Published: March 2009

The linear random isoprene-styrene copolymer (L-SIR) was prepared by solution
polymerization with cyclohexane—n-hexane mixture as solvent and n-BuLi as initiator in the
presence of the polar regulator—tetrahydrofuran (THF). Microstructures of L-SIR have been
studied by 1H-NMR.
Hydrogenation of Neoprene Latex with Diimide
Authors: Wei Zeng Yan , Yue Dong Mei , Mo Xiao Ting , Zhang Li Qun
Published: March 2009

Hydrogenation of neoprene (CR) latex was carried out by utilization of diimide with
boric acid as a catalyst. Various hydrogenation conditions were studied and the hydrogenation
degree could reach 48.1%. The most effective ratio of hydrogen peroxide/hydrazine hydrate was 0.8.
The hydrogenation degree increased with increasing the temperature, the amount of boric acid and
hydrazine hydrate. However, it decreased as prolonging the reaction time. The gel content was also
investigated. Microstructure of hydrogenated neoprene (HCR) was characterized by IR and
1HNMR.
Electrochemical Properties of Anodized and Sealed Aluminum Films
Authors: Zhao Xu Hui , Tian Lian Peng , Zhao Jing Mao , Zuo Yu
Published: March 2009

The electrochemical behaviors of anodized and sealed aluminum alloys in NaCl solution were studied by potentiodynamic polarization, the open-circuit-potential and EIS. The results show that anodic oxidization of aluminum increases its corrosion resistance greatly. Different sealing methods have different influences on corrosion behavior of the anodized alloys in NaCl solution; corrosion resistance increases in the order: no sealing < water sealing < dichromate sealing < nickel fluoride sealing. The modulus of the porous film sealed by dichromate solution increases with the immersion time in NaCl solution, which is similar to the self-sealing effect of unsealed anodic films.
Surface Modification of Low-Density Polyethylene Films via Photografting Polymerization Technique
Authors: Ning Wei , Deng Jian Ping , Yang Wan Tai
Published: March 2009

Surface modification of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films was carried out via a
novel photografting polymerization technique with acrylamide (AAm) as the monomer. The
photografting polymerization can be achieved via one-step method and two-step method. The
photografting polymerization reactivity of AAm was examined with benzophenone (BP) as the
photoinitiator and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film as the substrate with “sandwich” assembly.
Moreover, the occurrence and evolution of grafting polymerization of AAm on the substrate was
demonstrated XPS analysis and SEM pictures.
Preparation and Decomposition Study of 2, 3-Pyridinedicarboxylate Intercalated Layered Double Hydroxides
Authors: Xu Xiang Yu , Wei Min
Published: March 2009

Supramolecular 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylate intercalated NiAl-layered double hydroxides
(2,3-pyridinedicarboxylate-NiAl-LDHs) has been prepared by direct coprecipitation method. The
solid product was found to have a greatly expanded LDH structure. Possible orientation of
2,3-pyridinedicarboxylate between the interlayer region has been proposed. Furthermore, its
thermal decomposition process was studied by the use of TG-MS and in situ HT-XRD.
Influence of Cuprous Chloride Treatment on Pre-Oxidized PAN Tow
Authors: Li Lu Lu , Liu Jie , Liang Jie Ying
Published: March 2009

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) tow were continuously pretreated with cuprous chloride on line.
The structure and properties of untreated and treated PAN precursors were characterized by IR,
DSC, X-ray diffraction and other analysis, and the paper made a preliminary discussion on the
effect of modification on PAN precursors. It was suggested that PAN precursors pretreated with
CuCl can enhance the rate of cyclization, lower the temperature of cyclization reaction, reduce the
time required for stabilization. At the same time the resulting oxidized fibers achieved an elongation
of 17.6% for the temperature range of exothermic process, and an improvement in tensile strength
of 46%.
Ternary Polypropylene/Polyolefin Elastomer/Attapulgite Composites
Authors: Zhang Meng Xiang , Mao Li Xin
Published: March 2009

Modification of polypropylene (PP) by the addition of polyolefin elastomer (POE) and
attapulgite (AT) has been investigated. The result have shown that the addition of POE and AT gave
PP excellent mechanical properties of improved impact strength and comparable stiffness. The
bonding between AT and the matrix was enhanced with the addition of dispersant EBS. AT was an
effective nucleating agent for PP crystallization, and finer and more homogeneous spherulites of PP
was obtained. In this study, the toughening mechanism of the composites was also discussed.
Morphologies of Silver Films Fabricated by Thermal Decomposition of Silver Behenate
Authors: Liu Xian Hao , Lu Shu Xia , Cao Wei Liang , Zhang Jing Chang
Published: March 2009

Various morphologies of silver films fabricated by the thermal decomposition of silver
behenate have been studied. The morphological structures of silver behenate films at different heating
temperatures are characterized by using SEM, IR and XRD. It is found that, while heating the silver
behenate films, the formed silver particles are stabilized by the other thermal decomposition products
in the range of 193°C∼320°C. The influence of silver behenate concentration in organic solvent on the
formation and packing density of as-fabricated silver films by thermal treatment on the silver
behenate films at 500°C has been studied. The results show that the silver film fabricated by a
millimolar solution of silver behenate possesses a silver monolayer; the silver thick film can be
formed at high concentration, and interestingly, silver particles with regular triangular or truncated
triangular shape in the silver thick film are also obtained.
Simulation of Liquid/Solid Interfacial Structures in Metal/Ceramics Wetting Systems
Authors: Makino Takehiko , Tanaka Shun Ichiro
Published: March 2009

Wetting can be regarded as a kind of effective nanostructure-forming process. To control
the structure, a study on the relationship between atomic interactions and the resultant wetting
behaviors is required. To model the wetting system, two sets of interatomic potentials for
Metal/MgO(100) systems are derived from first principles calculation results for the simple
configurations. A molecular dynamics method is applied to simulate the system and shows that Al
atoms wet better than Sn atoms on the MgO substrate. The tendency is consistent with the
experimental contact angles. The interfacial structures are different between these two systems.
Dispersibility and Charge Property of Different Surface Modified Titanium Dioxide as Electrophoretic Particles
Authors: Peng Xu Hui , Le Yuan , Bian Shu Guang , Li Wo Yuan , Yang Kuang , Chen Jian Feng
Published: March 2009

To prepare stable electrophoretic ink (E Ink) contains titanium dioxide particles, oil
soluble red, dispersant and tetrachloroethylene (TCE), the modification of organic and inorganic
material onto the particle surface was investigated. Modified particles were characterized by
measurement of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy (FT-IR) to confirm the composites and structures. The electrophoretic properties of
sample in TCE were investigated by static sedimentation experiment and electrophoresis instrument.
The type of inorganic and organic materials used for the surface modification influence
dispersibility and charge property of particles. On the whole, organic modified particles especially
modified by anionic surfactant show better properties. The process conditions were investigated in
detail using SDBS as the modifier. The dispersibility and charge property have significantly
improved in optimized modifying condition that the proportion of surfactant is 15%, pH is 6 and
reaction time is 1 hour which means SDBS modified TiO2 is suitable for electrophoretic particles.
Ultrafast Nonlinear Optical Response in Multilayer Silica-Capped Gold Nanoparticle Films
Authors: Yang Yong , Nogami Masayuki , Nakamura Arao
Published: March 2009

Gold nanoparticles were prepared by NaBH4 reduction method, and homogeneous SiO2
were coated on gold nanoparticles and assembled into densely-packed 3-dimensional arrays by the
layer-by-layer self-assembly (LBL) technique. Every layer of films exhibited densely packed
2-dimensional arrays of Au@SiO2 composite nanoparticles and the film thickness was controllable
through the number of deposition cycles. These multilayer films exhibited high volume fraction of
gold nanoparticles (0.047). The imaginary part of the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility
(Imχ(3)) with different deposition layer have been investigated by femtosecond pump and probe
spectroscopy. The Imχ(3) value is about (-8.7±3.3)×10-11 esu and almost not dependent with the layer
numbers which indicates every layer of our films has the same structural and optical properties.
Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Property of Nanoscale Magnetic Photocatalyst Titania/Silica/Cobalt Ferrite
Authors: Lu Zhong Li , Zhang Hui , Duan Xue
Published: March 2009

Magnetic material CoFe2O4 was prepared via layered precursor method. Magnetic
nanosized photocatalyst TiO2/SiO2/CoFe2O4 was synthesized by hydrolysis titanium bis- ammonium
lactato dihydroxide into photoactive TiO2 onto silica-modified CoFe2O4. Based on XRD, FT-IR,
VSM analysis and catalytic evaluation, as-synthesized magnetic photocatalyst possess core-shell
structure and exhibits evident photodegradation activity for methyl orange.
Inorganic-Organic Thin-Layers which Transform Bio-Molecule Binding into Visible Color Change
Authors: Tominaga R. , Sivakumar M. , Tanaka Masayoshi , Kinoshita Takatoshi
Published: March 2009

SiO2 thin-films were prepared by thermal oxidation method. It showed uniform color based on the thin-film interference of visible light. Then we made biotin antenna on the top of SiO2 thin-film. Biotin is one of the vitamins and it has high association constant with protein avidin. After immersed the substrate into avidin solution, certain color changes based on the self-assembling of avidin on its surface were observed. By the immersing these substrates into mono-dispersed polystyrene particle solution, a polystyrene particle layer was formed onto avidin SAMs and it brought dynamic interference color change. As a result, this substrate could sense the avidin molecules over 1.0×10-8M of its concentration by naked eyes.
Kinetics of Supramolecular Polymerization: MSOA and HG Mechanisms
Authors: Fan Yan Li , Jin Hao , Zhi Xiao Hua , Lu Ya Fei
Published: March 2009

Multistage open association (MSOA) and helical growth (HG) mechanisms describe the
linear growth of supramolecular polymer chains and the helical growth of supramolecular chains with
the intra-assemble cooperative effect, respectively. Both mechanisms were proposed by Ciferri.
Assuming that supramolecular polymerization follows the step-growth and the interaction between
repeat units is independent of molecular weight, the kinetics of MSOA and HG can be mathematically
analyzed. In this paper the relationships among degree of polymerization (DP), unimer concentration
(C0), and equilibrium constant (K) for MSOA and DP , concentration of helical polymer ( h C ), and
nucleation factor (σ ) for HG were derived.
Synthesis of Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymer of Methoxy Poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polyester and Its Self-Assemble Behavior
Authors: Liang Qing Hong , Yue Dong Mei , Li Xiao Yu
Published: March 2009

Amphiphilic diblock copolymer was synthesized in one-step or two-step process by using of methoxy polyethylene glycol (MePEG), 1,6-hexanediol and maleic anhydride and characterized by FTIR and GPC. IR spectrum of amphiphilic diblock copolymer confirmed that MePEG had grafted on polyester. Solution polycondensation, melt polycondensation, mode of adding monomers and reaction time were studied on effect of molecular weight and its distribution. The GPC results showed that fairly narrow molecular weight distribution was obtained in solution polycondensation by one-step process. In addition, self-assemble behavior of amphiphilic diblock copolymer was discussed in different solvents by nanoprecipitation technique. The micelle size and aggregation was measured by TEM. It was found that MePEG1900-b-Polyester2162 copolymer self-assembled in acetone solution against water into well core-shell nanoparticles.
Relationship between the Thermal Expansion Coefficient and the Composition for R2O-MO-Al2O3-SiO2 System Glass
Authors: Xiao Zhuo Hao , Lu An Xian , Lu Fei
Published: March 2009

The R2O-MO- Al2O3-SiO2 system glasses were prepared by conventional melt quenching technology. The composition mass fraction range of the glass is SiO2 (55%∼65%), MgO (0%∼15.2%), CaO (0%∼15.2%), SrO (0%∼15.2%), BaO (0%∼15.2%), Na2O (0%∼15.6%), K2O (0%∼15.6%). The relationship between the composition and the thermal expansion coefficient of the glass was investigated by comparing the thermal expansion coefficients of the glasses with different chemical composition. The results show that the thermal expansion coefficient of the glass increases sharply with the increase of alkali-metal oxide content and when K+, Na+ and Li+ exist simultaneously in the structure of the glass, the complex “mixed alkali effect” can be observed from the composition–thermal expansion coefficient curve. When introducing different kind but same quantity alkaline-earth metal oxide, the thermal expansion coefficient of the glasses increased obviously with the rising of the radius of alkaline-earth metal ions but the “mixed alkali effects” can also be observed for the glasses containing a few kinds of alkaline-earth metal oxides.
Synthesis of Nanosized Silica Powder by Ultrasonic Process
Authors: Lee Sang Geun , Kim Hyung Sup , Park Seong Soo , Moon Byung Young , Kang Beom Soo , Park Hee Chan
Published: March 2009

Nanosized silica powders were synthesized via w/o emulsion method using sodium
silicate as SiO2 source under ultrasonic process. The powders were prepared under conventional
process and ultrasonic process using the same reactants at ambient temperature for 1h varying the
concentration of Na2SiO3 solution while fixing the concentration of surfactant in cyclohexane. The
particle size of the silica powder decreased with decreasing the concentration of sodium silicate
solution under both conditions, with and without ultrasounds. However, the particle size and size
distribution of the silica powder with ultrasounds were smaller and narrower than those without
ultrasounds, establishing that ultrasound treatments decrease the particle size and become narrow in
particle size distribution.
Centrifugal Sintering - Development of a New Pressure Sintering Process -
Authors: Kinemuchi Yoshiaki , Ishiguro Hirohide , Uchimura Shoji , Watari Koji
Published: March 2009

Centrifugal sintering is a novel process for the preparation of thick films. In this process, high gravity such as 104g is applied at high temperatures. Because of the distinctive measure of pressing by the centrifugal force, gradient of pressure arises in the specimen, resulting in the graded porous structure during the progress of sintering. After the sintering, highly densified thick films are obtained. Furthermore, crack formation was suppressed by this process.
Preparation of Benzonic-Acid in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide with Alcohol Entrainer
Authors: Wang Bao Hua , Li Qun Sheng , Zhang Ze Ting , Chang Qiu Lian
Published: March 2009

The supercritical liquid technique has been studied in recent years, and the addition of a
small amount of entrainer to supercritical liquid can greatly increase the solubility and the
efficiency of extraction [1,2]. However, the investigations on the addition of entrainer to
supercritical liquid are few [3,4]. In this paper, the influence of different entrainer to prepare the
same material is studied, in which the alcohol is looked as entrainer and the carboatomic number
increased from 2 to 5.
Synthesis, Characterization and Controlled Drug Release of Thermosensitive Poly(NIPAAm-co-HEMA) and IPN(NIPAAm/HEMA) Hydrogels
Authors: Wang Yuan Xiao , Wang Xiu Fen , Song Shi Wei
Published: March 2009

A series of thermo-sensitive copolymers and interpenetrating network hydrogels were prepared using PNIPAAm and HEMA.The effects of the PNIPAAm/HEMA ratio on the swelling ratio ,and deswelling and reswelling kinetics of gels at different temperatures and drug release characteristics in vitro were discussed. The results showed that the copolymer and IPN hydrogels exhibited thermo-sensitive swelling characteristics. Therefore, the hydrogels may be useful in the controlled drug delivery systems.
Vapour Phase Surface Graft Polymerization of Acrylonitrile onto Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Film
Authors: Zhu Jian Wu , Deng Jian Ping , Zhao Hong Chi , Liang Shu Jun , Yang Wan Tai
Published: March 2009

In this study the vapour phase surface graft polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) onto
poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film was conducted with benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as an initiator.
Effects of reaction time and quantity of BPO on the polymerization were investigated. With the
prolongation of reaction time, the graft polymerization took place rapidly at first, then slowed down,
and leveled off. With the increase of BPO, the graft yield increased, then remained unchanged, and
lastly began to decrease. The surface topography structure of the grafted PET film was observed by
SEM. Grafted PET film was characterised by FTIR spectra, SEM photographs and contact angle
measurement.
Synthesis and Characterization of Copolymer of Dimethyldiallylammonium Chloride and Acrylamide
Authors: Wu Fu Mei , Zhang Xing Ying
Published: March 2009

The inverse emulsion polymerization of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride
(DMDAAC) with acrylamide (AM) was carried out using a redox system as initiator, petroleum
ether as oil, and Span-85 and Tween-80 as emulsifiers. The cationic degree of the copolymer
increased markedly when AM was fed into the system in batch. The effect of DMDAAC
content on the intrinsic viscosity ([η]) and solubility of the copolymer, and the methods of
feeding AM on the cationic degree and solubility of the copolymer was studied in this work. The
cationic degree of 39.8% of the copolymer was achieved. When the molar ratio of AM to
DMDAAC was 4.0, the copolymer with [η] of 10.02 dl/g and the dissolving time less than
15min was obtained. The structure of the copolymer was also characterized by IR spectrum.