bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
María Cuyás Ponsá : maestra, profesora de escuela normal, directora de residencia universitaria e inspectora de educación
Authors: Blat Gimeno Amparo , Doménech Pujol Carme
Published: February 2021

The research refers to Maria Cuyàs Ponsa (Barcelona, 1899-1992), teacher at Institución Libre de Enseñanza schools, at the Normal of Lleida, Inspector in Barcelona and Huelva. She translated a Robert Dottrens’s book and published few articles in education magazines. She suffered internal and external exile: sanctioned by Franco’s regime and exiled in Cuba. Until now no approach to Maria Cuyàs has been made and, therefore, this is the first article about her, different types of primary sources (libraries, archives, internet...) and documents (unpublished texts, photographs, legislation...) have been used which, fortunately, are preserved at Instituto de Estudios Albacetenses. This article refers to the research we are carrying out on Maria Cuyàs Ponsa (Barcelona, 1899- 1992), a teacher at the Institución Libre de Enseñanza schools, a professor at the Escuela Normal in Lleida and Inspector in Barcelona and Huelva. She was the translator of a book by the Swiss pedagogue Robert Dottrens and published several articles in education magazines. She suffered internal and external exile: sanctioned by the Franco’s regime and exiled in Cuba. Since nothing has been published about her so far, the use of primary sources extracted directly from specialized archives has been essential, as well as personal documents, most of which are deposited in the Instituto de Estudios Albacetenses.
Analisis Rancangan Peraturan Perundang-undangan Mengeluarkan Aturan tentang Tindak Pidana Lingkungan Hidup dari Rancangan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana
Authors: Satyahaprabu Muhnur , Sembiring Raynaldo
Published: February 2021

Rancangan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (RKUHP) saat ini sedang dibahas oleh panitia kerja (Panja) komisi III DPR RI. Rencana revisi KUHP yang sudah lebih dari 30 tahun digagas akhirnya mulai menunjukkan perkembangannya. Salah satu materi baru dalam RKUHP adalah materi mengenai tindak pidana lingkungan hidup yang diatur dalam Buku II pada Bab VIII, mulai Pasal 389 sampai Pasal 390. Sekilas terlihat bahwa RKUHP telah mengalami perubahan dengan mengakomodir aturan tentang tindak pidana lingkungan hidup yang sebelumnya bahkan tidak dikenal dalam KUHP. Hanya saja, perubahan ini tidak menjawab permasalahan lingkungan hidup yang saat ini terjadi.Masuknya tindak pidana lingkungan hidup dalam RKUHP tentunya tidak lepas dari beberapa kritik. Pertama, aturan tentang tindak pidana lingkungan hidup dalam RKUHP akan sulit untuk diimplementasikan, karena aturan tersebut juga telah diatur secara khusus dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup (UU 32/2009). Kedua, pengaturan aturan tentang tindak pidana lingkungan hidup yang hanya berdiri sendiri, mengabaikan fakta yang saat ini eksis bahwa kejahatan lingkungan hidup sangatlah terkait dengan kejahatan di bidang sumber daya alam (SDA) seperti kehutanan, pertambangan, perkebunan, perikanan, kelautan, keanekaragaman hayati, dsb. Kedua poin di atas menjadi kritik utama bagi pengaturan norma tindak pidana lingkungan hidup dalam RKUHP yang akan dibahas dalam tulisan ini.
Hukum Sumber Daya Genetik, Pengetahuan Tradisional dan Ekspresi Budaya Tradisional di Indonesia
Authors: Fatimah Isna
Published: February 2021

Tujuan dari penulisan buku “Hukum Sumber Daya Genetik, Pengetahuan Tradisional dan Ekspresi Budaya Tradisional di Indonesia” pada dasarnya adalah memberikan penjelasan tentang kerangka hukum sumber daya genetik, pengetahuan tradisional dan ekspresi budaya tradisional yang telah ada di Indonesia. Tidak berhenti di situ, dengan menggali lebih dalam makna dan tujuan mendasar dari berbagai jenis hukum yang hidup di Indonesia, hukum internasional, serta membandingkan dengan pelaksanaan di negara lain terkait bidang Sumber Daya Genetik, Pengetahuan Tradisional dan Ekspresi Budaya Tradisional (SDGPTEBT), buku ini memberikan beberapa rekomendasi kebijakan dan pengaturan dalam bingkai pemenuhan hak ekonomi masyarakat, hak-hak komunal dan hak budaya yang dikontekstualisasikan sebagai bagian dari hak asasi manusia.Sebagai karya ilmiah di bidang hukum, buku ini memberikan perspektif mengenai penilaian atas norma yang sudah berlaku dengan kebutuhan pelindungan hak-hak masyarakat yang mempunyai pengetahuan tradisional atau ekspresi budaya tradisional atas sumber daya genetik. Dengan demikian, pendekatan penelitian dilakukan melalui analisis bahan hukum primer, dalam hal ini terbatas pada hukum positif yang berlaku terkait dengan SDGPTEBT, hak asasi manusia (terutama hak masyarakat adat), hak kekayaan intelektual, dan penguasaan sumber daya alam. Selain itu buku ini juga merujuk pada bahan hukum sekunder termasuk Rancangan Undang-Undang (RUU) tentang Pelestarian dan Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Genetik, RUU tentang Perlindungan dan Pemanfaatan Kekayaan Intelektual Pengetahuan Tradisional dan Ekspresi Budaya Tradisional, dan RUU tentang Konservasi Keanekaragaman Hayati.
Menguak Sejarah Candi Cetho Melalui Video Dokumenter Dengan Gaya Ekspository
Authors: Maisaroh Siti , Tullah Rahmat , Ramadhan Diva Wahyu
Published: February 2021

Candi Cetho adalah salah satu wisata menarik yang terletak di lereng gunung lawu Kabupaten Karanganyar Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Namun, kebanyakan anak-anak jaman sekarang jarang mempelajari dan memahami sejarah candi-candi yang ada di Negara Indonesia seperti sejarah Candi Cetho karena di zaman yang modern ini orang-orang hanya tahu sosial media, Game dan lain sebagainya. Video dokumenter menguak sejarah Candi Cetho dengan gaya ekspository ini bertujuan untuk memudahkan anak-anak generasi jaman sekarang jika ingin mempelajari dan memahami sejarah Candi Cetho. Metode penelitian yang digunakan seperti studi pustaka, wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi dan kuesioner. Hasil kuisioner yang diperoleh sekitar 81,98% tanggapan positif dari 15 responden. Hasilnya adalah sebuah video dokumenter yang menceritakan sejarah Candi Cetho dengan footage –footage yang telah disusun agar menarik untuk dilihat guna memberikan pengetahuan dan informasi tentang salah satu sejarah Candi Cetho.
‘I Have Thought / Too Long and Darkly’: Writing and Reading Modes of Being in Byron
Authors: Sandy Mark
Published: February 2021

Byron’s treatment of subjective modes of being are characterised by a poetic mobility that permits competing and contradictory perspectives of the self to coalesce. Starting with Michael O’Neill’s sense of fixity and fluidity as a marker of Byronic identity, this article examines Byron’s darker poetics of madness that permit a glimpse into the destructive and transformative elements of selfhood. In
Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage
and
Beppo
, Venice emerges as the imaginative site of Byron’s self-aware artistry and psychodrama of self. Elsewhere Byron’s poetics of selfhood are read as inextricably bound to deliberate self-conscious acts of writing and reading that both dread and delight in the fictionality of self, memory, and history.

1
Generation of Modern Satellite Data from Galileo Sunspot Drawings in 1612 by Deep Learning
Authors: Lee Harim , Park Eunsu , Moon Yong-Jae
Published: February 2021

Historical sunspot drawings are very important resources for understanding past solar activity. We generate solar magnetograms and EUV images from Galileo sunspot drawings using a deep learning model based on conditional generative adversarial networks. We train the model using pairs of sunspot drawings from the Mount Wilson Observatory and their corresponding magnetograms (or UV/EUV images) from 2011 to 2015 except for every June and December by the Solar Dynamic Observatory satellite. We evaluate the model by comparing pairs of actual magnetograms (or UV/EUV images) and the corresponding AI-generated ones in June and December. Our results show that bipolar structures of the AI-generated magnetograms are consistent with those of the original ones and their unsigned magnetic fluxes (or intensities) are consistent with those of the original ones. Applying this model to the Galileo sunspot drawings in 1612, we generate Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager-like magnetograms and Atmospheric Imaging Assembly-like EUV images of the sunspots. We hope that the EUV intensities can be used for estimating solar EUV irradiance at long-term historical times.
An X-Ray Study of the White Dwarf Binary AR Scorpii
Authors: Takata J. , Wang X. F. , Wang H. H. , Lin L. C.-C. , Hu C.-P. , Li K. L. , Kong A. K. H.
Published: February 2021

We report a study of X-ray emission from the white dwarf/M-type star binary system AR Scorpii using archival data taken in 2016–2020. It has been known that the X-ray emission is dominated by optically thin thermal plasma emission and its flux level varies significantly over the orbital phase. The X-ray emission also contains a component that modulates with the beat frequency between the white dwarf’s spin frequency and orbital frequency. In this new analysis, the 2020 data taken by NICER shows that the X-ray emission modulates with the spin frequency as well as with the beat frequency, indicating that part of the X-ray emission comes from the white dwarf’s magnetosphere. It is found that the signal of the spin frequency appears only at a specific orbital phase, while the beat signal appears over the orbital phase. We interpret the X-ray emission modulating with the spin frequency and the beat frequency as a result of synchrotron emission from electrons with smaller and larger pitch angles, respectively. In the long-term evolution, the beat pulse profile averaged over the orbital phase changes from a single-peak structure in 2016/2018 to a double-peak structure in 2020. The observed X-ray flux levels measured in 2016/2017 are higher than those measured in 2018/2020. The plasma temperature and the amplitude of the orbital waveform might vary with time too. These results indicate that the X-ray emission from AR Scorpii evolves on a timescale of years. This long-term evolution would be explained by a superorbital modulation related to, for example, a precession of the white dwarf or a fluctuation of the system related to the activity of the companion star.
From Haloes to Galaxies. II. The Fundamental Relations in Star Formation and Quenching
Authors: Dou Jing , Peng Yingjie , Renzini Alvio , Ho Luis C. , Mannucci Filippo , Daddi Emanuele , Gao Yu , Maiolino Roberto , Zhang Chengpeng , Gu Qiusheng , Li Di , Lilly Simon J. , Yuan Feng
Published: February 2021

Star formation and quenching are two of the most important processes in galaxy formation and evolution. We explore in the local universe the interrelationships among key integrated galaxy properties, including stellar mass M
*, star formation rate (SFR), specific SFR (sSFR), molecular gas mass

M

H

2

, star formation efficiency (SFE) of the molecular gas, and the molecular gas to stellar mass ratio μ. We aim to identify the most fundamental scaling relations among these key galaxy properties and their interrelationships. We show that the integrated

M

H

2

–SFR, SFR–M
*, and

M

H

2

–M
* relations can be simply transformed from the μ–sSFR, SFE–μ, and SFE–sSFR relations, respectively. The transformation, in principle, can increase or decrease the scatter of each relation. Interestingly, we find that the latter three relations all have significantly smaller scatter than the corresponding former three. We show that the probability to achieve the observed small scatter by accident is extremely close to zero. This suggests that the smaller scatters of the latter three relations are driven by a more universal physical connection among these quantities. We then show that the large scatters in the former relations are due to their systematic dependence on other galaxy properties, and on the star formation and quenching process. We propose the sSFR–μ–SFE relation as the fundamental formation relation (FFR), which governs the star formation and quenching process and provides a simple framework to study galaxy evolution. Other scaling relations, including the integrated Kennicutt–Schmidt law, star-forming main sequence, and molecular gas main sequence, can all be derived from the FFR.
Spherical Shocks in a Steep Density Gradient of Expanding Media
Authors: Govreen-Segal Taya , Nakar Ehud , Levinson Amir
Published: February 2021

We study the propagation of a Newtonian shock in a spherically symmetric, homologously expanding ejecta. We focus on media with a steep power-law density profile of the form ρ ∝ t
−3
v
−α
, with α > 5, where v is the velocity of the expanding medium and t is time. Such profiles are expected in the leading edge of supernovae ejecta and sub-relativistic outflows from binary neutron star mergers. We find that such shocks always accelerate in the lab frame and lose causal contact with the bulk of the driver gas, owing to the steep density profile. However, the prolonged shock evolution exhibits two distinct pathways: In one, the shock strength diminishes with time until the shock eventually dies out. In the other, the shock strength steadily increases, and the solution approaches the self-similar solution that a shock is a static medium. By mapping the parameter space of shock solutions, we find that the evolutionary pathways are dictated by α and by the initial ratio between the shock velocity and the local upstream velocity. We find that for α < ω

c
(ω

c
≈ 8), the shock always decays, and that for α > ω

c
, the shock may decay or grow stronger depending on the initial value of the velocity ratio. These two branches bifurcate from a self-similar solution derived analytically for a constant velocity ratio. We analyze properties of the solutions that may have an impact on the observational signatures of such systems, and assess the conditions required for decaying shocks to break out from a finite medium.
The Astrophysical Distance Scale. III. Distance to the Local Group Galaxy WLM Using Multiwavelength Observations of the Tip of the Red Giant Branch, Cepheids, and JAGB Stars
Authors: Lee Abigail J. , Freedman Wendy L. , Madore Barry F. , Owens Kayla A. , Monson Andrew J. , Hoyt Taylor J.
Published: February 2021

The local determination of the Hubble constant sits at a crossroad. Current estimates of the local expansion rate of the universe differ by about 1.7σ, derived from the Cepheid- and TRGB-based calibrations, applied to Type Ia supernovae. To help elucidate possible sources of systematic error causing the tension, we show in this study the recently developed distance indicator, the J-region Asymptotic Giant Branch (JAGB) method, can serve as an independent cross-check and comparison with other local distance indicators. Furthermore, we make the case that the JAGB method has substantial potential as an independent, precise, and accurate calibrator of Type Ia supernovae for the determination of H
0. Using the Local Group galaxy Wolf–Lundmark–Melotte (WLM), we present distance comparisons between the JAGB method, a TRGB measurement at near-infrared (JHK) wavelengths, a TRGB measurement in the optical I band, and a multiwavelength Cepheid period–luminosity relation determination. We find

μ

0

(
JAGB
)

=

24.97
±
0.02

(
stat
)
±
0.04

(
sys
)

mag

μ

0

(

TRGB

NIR

)

=

24.98
±
0.04

(
stat
)
±
0.07

(
sys
)

mag

μ

0

(

TRGB

F
814
W

)

=

24.93
±
0.02

(
stat
)
±
0.06

(
sys
)

mag

μ

0

(
Cepheids
)

=

24.98
±
0.03

(
stat
)
±
0.04

(
sys
)

mag
.

All four methods are in good agreement, confirming the local self-consistency of the four distance scales at the 3% level and adding confidence that the JAGB method is as accurate and as precise a distance indicator as either of the other three astrophysically based methods.
Ex vivo peripheral blood mononuclear cell response to R848 in children after supplementation with the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM/Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07
Authors: DeMuri G.P. , Lehtoranta L.M. , Eickhoff J.C. , Lehtinen M.J. , Wald E.R.
Published: February 2021

Several studies have demonstrated a decrease in upper respiratory infection (URI) frequency and severity in subjects taking probiotic supplements. We hypothesised beneficial effects of probiotics on viral URI in children are due to modulation of inflammatory innate immune responses. We tested this hypothesis, providing children with a probiotic combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus/Bidfidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Bi-07 (NCFM/Bi-07) and measuring levels of cytokines in response to stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist resiquimod (R848). In this open label study, 21 (2 dropouts) children received probiotic containing 5×109 cfu each of NCFM/(Bi-07) daily for 30 days. Whole blood was taken from each subject at study entry and 30 days for culture of PBMCs. PBMCs stimulated with resiquimod (R848) or unstimulated were incubated and a panel of immune markers was measured. There was a significant decrease in the net (stimulated-null) level of myeloid progenitor inhibitory factor 1 (MPIF-1) (mean decrease 0.1 ng/ml, 95% confidence interval 0.01-0.24, P=0.032) following probiotic supplementation. The change in immune marker levels after supplementation, when analysed together with respect to expected inflammatory/anti-inflammatory effects, was increased for interleukin (IL)-10 and decreased for MPIF-1, IL-8, interferon gamma induced protein 10, macrophage inflammatory protein 3 alpha (MIP-3α) and E-selectin (P=0.01). Adverse events were mild. In conclusion, supplementation with this probiotic combination was safe and resulted in significant modulation of PBMC limited immune response to TLR7/8 agonist R848 and in levels of MPIF-1 and MIP-3α. The anti-inflammatory effect may be one mechanism by which probiotics modulate the immune system however further study is needed.
Effect of Social Environment on Brand Recall in Sports Video Games
Authors: Leng Ho Keat , Rozmand Ibrahim Mohamad , Low Yu Hong , Phua Yi Xian Philip
Published: February 2021

Studies have shown that in-game advertisements can be effective. However, these studies typically examine single player scenarios. This study aimed to investigate the effects of social dynamics on brand awareness of in-game advertisements in sports video games. Two studies were conducted with soccer and basketball simulation games. In each study, participants were split into two groups where they either played against a computer-controlled opponent or against another player. For both studies, independent-samples t-tests were conducted to compare the recall rates between both groups. Both studies showed similar findings where respondents in the single player group reported higher recall and recognition rates when compared to respondents in the multi-player group. These findings suggest that the social environment can affect the effectiveness of in-game advertisements.
Comparative Study between Betamethasone Gel and Lignocaine Jelly Applied Over the Tracheal Tube to Reduce Postoperative Airway Complications
Authors: Singh Guriqbal , Jadeja Priti , Patnaik R. Yashwanth , Ravinbothayan Sugadev , Singh Vijaylaxmi , Dhawan Raghav
Published: February 2021

Background:

Postoperative sore throat (POST), postextubation cough (PEC), and hoarseness of voice (HOV) are some of the common postoperative morbidities due to airway instrumentation. This study is aimed to compare the efficacy of 0.05% betamethasone gel to 2% lignocaine gel applied over the oro-endotracheal tube to reduce the incidence of POST, PEC, and HOV.

Patients and Methods:

This was a prospective, randomized, double-blinded clinical study in patients scheduled for elective surgeries under general anesthesia. They were randomized into two groups of 30. In Group B (betamethasone), the endotracheal tube was lubricated from the distal end of the cuff using 2.5 ml of betamethasone gel, and in Group L, the endotracheal tube was lubricated with lignocaine jelly in the same way. Patients were examined for POST, PEC, and HOV at intervals of 1, 3, 8, and 24 h after extubation.

Results:

Significant differences were found at 8 and 24 h postextubation. The incidence of PEC were 30% versus 6.7 % (P=0.02) and 26.7% versus 3.3% (P=0.01) in favour to group B. The incidence of POST were 30% vs 3.3% (P=0.005) and 23.3% vs 0% (P=0.004) in group L vs group B, respectively. Similarly, the incidence of HOV were 20% vs 3.3% (P=0.04) and 13.3% vs 0% (P=0.03) in group B's favour.

Conclusion:

Patients who underwent general anesthesia using betamethasone gel 0.05% applied to endotracheal tube reported a lower incidence of POST, PEC, and HOV in comparison to those with the application of lignocaine 2% on the endotracheal tube.
The Predictive Factors for Poor Outcomes in Preterm Infants with Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Infection
Authors: Al-Matary Abdulrahman , Huseynova Roya , Qaraqe Mostafa , Aldandan Faisal K.
Published: February 2021

Background:

The main pathogen for neonatal nosocomial infections is coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), particularly in very low-birth-weight and premature newborns. The current study is aimed to assess the outcomes of preterm infants with CoNS infection via a retrospective analysis, to determine the correlation between the clinical profile and mortality and morbidity, and to determine the factors associated with poor outcomes.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective case–control study was conducted in the Children's and Women's Health Centre of King Fahad Medical City neonatal intensive care unit in Saudi Arabia. The study period was from January 2013 to December 2019.

Results:

There were 1333 controls and 137 cases of CoNS infection. There was a significant association between total parenteral nutrition use, surgical insertion of a central line, inotrope use, and spontaneous intestinal perforation and CoNS infection. There was a significant association between umbilical vein catheter (UVC) and peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line use and CoNS infection. The use of a UVC or PICC line significantly impacted. The presence of patent ductus arteriosus also significantly impacted.

Conclusions:

There was a significant association between UVC and PICC line use and outcome. The presence of patent ductus arteriosus or a perforated bowel and the need for inotrope use in CoNS infection was associated with poor outcomes. Mortality, retinopathy of prematurity, and necrotizing enterocolitis requiring surgery were more common in infants with CoNS infections.
Impact of Early Referral on Immediate Outcome of Asphyxiated Newborns
Authors: Gohiya Poorva , Ubriani Namrata , Dwivedi Rashmi
Published: February 2021

Introduction:

Perinatal asphyxia is a significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Early recognition of perinatal asphyxia and timely referral to centers well equipped in postresuscitation management helps to minimize unfavorable consequences. We did this observational study with the aim of finding out the impact of referral timings on early (72 h) outcome of asphyxiated newborns.

Materials and Methods:

This is a prospective observational study conducted in the sick newborn care unit, of a teaching institute in central India, over a period of 12 months. We enrolled 150 full-term neonates admitted with perinatal asphyxia. Their early outcome was recorded and analyzed.

Results:

The short-term outcome of asphyxiated neonates at 72 h of admission was significantly better when they were admitted within 6 h of birth.

Conclusion:

Early recognition of birth asphyxia and timely referral helps in reducing morbidity and mortality in neonates.
A Comparative Study of the Implementation of SJF and SRT Algorithms on the GPU Processor Using CUDA
Authors: Rtal Youness , Hadjoudja Abdelkader
Published: February 2021

GPU (Graphical Processing Units) have become in a few years very powerful tools for parallel computing. They are currently used in several fields such as image processing, bioinformatics, medical applications and numerical computation...etc. Their advantages are faster processing and lower power consumption compared to CPU power. It is simple to program a GPU processor using the CUDA C language to perform tasks that are typically computed in parallel. But you need to understand the different architectural aspects of the GPU. In this paper, we will define and implement the two operating system algorithms the SJF (Shortest Job First) algorithm and the SRT (Shortest Remaining Time) algorithm in a single-wire CPU environment using the C language, and then the same algorithms will be implemented on the GPU using the CUDA C language, in order to compare the different performances of the implementation of the two algorithms on GPU and CPU processors and to verify the efficiency of this study.
On the Skolem problem and some related questions for parametric families of linear recurrence sequences
Authors: Ostafe Alina , Shparlinski Igor E.
Published: February 2021

We show that in a parametric family of linear recurrence sequences
$a_1(\alpha ) f_1(\alpha )^n + \cdots + a_k(\alpha ) f_k(\alpha )^n$
with the coefficients
$a_i$
and characteristic roots
$f_i$
,
$i=1, \ldots ,k$
, given by rational functions over some number field, for all but a set of elements
$\alpha $
of bounded height in the algebraic closure of
${\mathbb Q}$
, the Skolem problem is solvable, and the existence of a zero in such a sequence can be effectively decided. We also discuss several related questions.
Access to Improved Sanitation and Nutritional Status among Preschool Children in Nouna District, Burkina Faso
Authors: Bountogo Mamadou , Ouattara Mamadou , Sié Ali , Compaoré Guillaume , Dah Clarisse , Boudo Valentin , Zakane Alphonse , Lebas Elodie , Brogdon Jessica M. , Godwin William W. , Lin Ying , Arnold Benjamin F. , Oldenburg Catherine E. , _ _
Published: February 2021

Access to improved sanitation and hygiene may improve child nutritional status by reducing exposure to enteric pathogens. We evaluated this relationship as part of the Community Health with Azithromycin Trial, a community-randomized trial of azithromycin versus placebo for the prevention of child mortality in rural Burkina Faso. Before the baseline study visit, a door-to-door household survey was conducted for all households in the study area. During the baseline study census, which occurred approximately 9 months after the household survey, a mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) measurement was obtained from each child. We evaluated the relationship between household improved latrine use compared with unimproved latrines or open defecation and MUAC in children aged 6–59 months. Among 32,172 children with household survey data and MUAC measurements, 931 (2.9%) had an MUAC less than 12.5 cm and were classified as having moderate acute malnutrition (MAM). The odds of MAM were higher in children living in households with an unimproved latrine than those with an improved latrine (adjusted odds ratio: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.11–2.31). Children in households with unimproved latrines and households that practiced open defection had approximate 0.15 cm reduced MUAC compared with those in households with an improved latrine. There was a small, but statistically significant, association between improved latrine and nutritional status in preschool children as measured by MUAC.
Case Report: Therapeutic Threshold for Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis in a Patient from Maputo, Mozambique
Authors: Gonzaga Lorena D. M. , Gils Tinne , Decroo Tom , Jacobs Bart K. M. , Lynen Lutgarde
Published: February 2021

We present a case of a patient in Mozambique, who initiated treatment for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) without proof of resistance. For this patient, we estimated the probability of RR-TB using likelihood ratios of clinical arguments. The probability of RR-TB in Mozambique, positive HIV status, and treatment failure after a first treatment and after retreatment were included as confirming arguments, and a rapid molecular test showing rifampicin susceptibility as excluding argument. The therapeutic threshold to start treatment for RR-TB is unknown, but probably lower than 47% and should be calculated to guide clinical decisions.
Direct Comparison of Standard and Ultrasensitive PCR for the Detection of Plasmodium falciparum from Dried Blood Spots in Bagamoyo, Tanzania
Authors: Markwalter Christine F. , Ngasala Billy , Mowatt Tonelia , Basham Christopher , Park Zackary , Loya Mwajabu , Muller Meredith , Plowe Christopher , Nyunt Myaing , Lin Jessica T.
Published: February 2021

Ultrasensitive PCR used in low-transmission malaria-endemic settings has revealed a much higher burden of asymptomatic infections than that detected by rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) or standard PCR, but there is limited evidence as to whether this is the case in higher transmission settings. Using dried blood spots (DBS) collected among 319 schoolchildren in Bagamoyo, Tanzania, we found good correlation (Pearson’s R = 0.995) between Plasmodium falciparum parasite densities detected by a DNA-based 18s rRNA real-time PCR (qPCR) and an RNA-based ultrasensitive reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR (usPCR) for the same target. Whereas prevalence by usPCR was higher than that found by qPCR (37% versus 32%), the proportion of additionally detected low-density infections (median parasite density < 0.050 parasites/µL) represented an incremental increase. It remains unclear to what extent these low-density infections may contribute to the infectious reservoir in different malaria transmission settings.
Toponimsko popotovanje po Sloveniji na primeru nemškega turističnega vodnika
Authors: Rieger Mladen
Published: February 2021

Dobrih 35 let po izdaji prvega in do danes edinega sistematičnega dela, posvečenega prevajanju slovenskih toponimov v nemščino, je treba na novo analizirati rabo kulturnospecifičnih izrazov v turističnih vodnikih po Sloveniji, primerjati rabo toponimov z dognanji prevodne stroke ter opozoriti na neustrezne prevodne rešitve. Izsledke take raziskave je mogoče s pridom uporabiti tudi pri izobraževanju študentov prevajalstva.Toponimi so še bolj kot druge realije vezani na kraje in pokrajine; z njimi namreč skušamo poimenovati pojme, v katerih se prepletajo zgodovinske, kulturne in družbene niti tako kolektivnega kot tudi individualnega spomina. Torej bi bilo napačno pričakovati, da je gradnja in urejanje slovarja toponimov, če se le-ti pojavijo v prevodih ali tujejezičnih besedilih, zgolj naloga ciljnega jezika in kulture. V pričujočem prispevku skušam s pomočjo primerov analizirati neustrezne ali manj ustrezne prevodne rešitve, opozoriti na značilne težave in nakazati možne strategije pri prevajanju tujejezičnih toponimov.
Effects of seed provenance and growth media on the growth performance of Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn.
Authors: Aderounmu Adeboyin Funmi , Nkemnkeng Francoline Jong , Anjah Grace Mendi
Published: February 2021

This work investigated the effects of seed provenance and growth media on the growth performance of Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn. Seeds were extracted from fresh fruits collected from Eruwa, Saki and New-Bussa and sown into six media in black polythene pots: top soil + sawdust (1:1); river sand + top soil (1:1); river sand + sawdust (1:1); top soil only; sawdust only and river sand. The experiment was 3 x 6 factorial laid in a Completely Randomized Design. Germination, seedling height, collar diameter, number of leaves and leaf area were evaluated. Data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at p<0.05). Seeds from New-Bussa sown on river sand + top soil (1:1) had the highest germination percentage (92%) while the seeds from Saki sown on top soil only had the least of 74.7%. River sand + top soil medium had the longest seedling growth with 5.41 cm; also rated second in collar diameter (4.07 mm) and leaf area index (47.95 cm2). Thus, top soil based medium, especially river sand + top soil is recommended for good growth performance of this species collected from any of the three provenances.Keywords: Pseudo–radicle, germination, seed source, seedling vigour, traits.
Anti-money Laundering Law in Ethiopia: Issues of Enforcement with Specific Reference to Banks
Authors: Jember Kalkidan Misganaw
Published: February 2021

Banks are among the institutions which take the leading role in the combat against the crime of money laundering. They, however, remain highly vulnerable to an ever growing means and mechanisms of perpetration of the crime. This reality demands a continuous adoption of necessary measures. In what appears to be responding to this demand, Ethiopia has enacted several laws that impose obligation on banks to take preventive measures that can prevent the manipulation of the financial system towards the commission of laundering. This article examines whether banks (both private and public) in Ethiopia are implementing measures intended to prevent money laundering. Secondly, it examines the relationship and collaboration between banks and the regulatory organs (such as the Financial Intelligence Center and the National Bank of Ethiopia) in identifying and safeguarding against the schemes that allow the use of banks as intermediaries in the commission of money laundering.
Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus species isolated from cats and dogs
Authors: Elnageh Hiam R , Hiblu Murad A. , Abbassi Mohamed Salah , Abouzeed Yousef M. , Ahmed Mohamed O.
Published: February 2021

Background: Methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) are an emerging global problem with serious public health concern.Aims: This study investigated the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of commensal Staphylococcus species isolated from healthy and clinical cats and dogs.Methods: Nasal swab samples were collected from animals and processed using selective and semi-selective mediums. Presumptive isolates were subjected to biochemical testing and analyzed using the Phoenix automated identification and susceptibility testing system. PCRs protocols were used to screen for mecA and pvl genes.Results: In total, 151 pets (103 cats and 48 dogs) were enrolled, of which 14 dogs (29%) and 24 cats (23%) were colonized with various Staphylococcus species mainly originated from healthy animals. A total of 38 staphylococci isolates were collected and distributed between 24 coagulase-negative and 14 coagulase-positive staphylococci. Only 13 staphylococci strains were identified as MRS, out of which only five isolates expressed that the mecA gene exclusively originated from healthy pets.Conclusion: This is the first study reporting the prevalence and colonization status of staphylococci species and MRS strains isolated from cats and dogs in Libya. The study reports important information of medical and clinical importance on antimicrobial and multidrug resistance of different staphylococci strains, particularly the coagulase negative species.
Medial pantarsal arthrodesis with Compact UniLock 2.0 locking plate system in a cat
Authors: Pennasilico Luca , Botto Riccardo , Di Bella Caterina , Piccionello Angela Palumbo
Published: February 2021

Background: Pantarsal arthrodesis is a salvage procedure carried out for the treatment of tarsal joint disease, including severe osteoarthritis with intractable pain in the tarsocrural joint, tarsal fractures, shearing injuries, tarsocrural joint instability, and failure of the common calcaneal tendon. Although medial plating is preferable, the high incidence of post-surgery complications is possible. Using thin, pre-contouring or easy contouring, locking plates might reduce the incidence of such complications. However, to date, there are no pre-contouring and dedicated locking plates forpantarsal arthrodesis with medial placement.Case Description: The case of an 18-month-old female stray European cat has been referred because of a severe tibiotarsal injury improperly treated with an intramedullary pin. The patient was submitted for medial pantarsal arthrodesis, performed with the Compact UniLock 2.0™ locking plate systema (DePuy Synthes, Oberdorf, Switzerland). The authors hypothesized that this particularly innovative osteosynthesis system could present advantages compared to the systems already in use for medial pantarsal arthrodesis and therefore reduce the risk of complications.Conclusion: This innovative titanium locking system, because of its versatile contour function and thinness, allowed the good functional recovery of the limb and showed numerous advantages over traditional systems.
Metabolic markers of myocardium insulin resistance in dogs with heart failure
Authors: Oleynikov Dmitrij Arkadievich
Published: February 2021

Background: Heart failure syndrome is an aspect of primary or secondary heart disease and is associated with decompensation, formation, and activation of pathological interactions between regulation systems. This results in myocardial energy metabolism alteration. This study was carried out to defy some metabolic aspects of myocardial tissue insulin resistance (IRM) development in canine heart failure.Aim: To investigate the myocardial tissue concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), glucose transporters 1 and 4, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), hexokinase 2, insulin receptor (InsR), and adropin (ADR) protein and to screen metabolic changes and IRM in canine myocardium with heart failure.Methods: We studied 28 dogs of different sexes, ages, and breeds. Groups were formed according to primary pathology: apparently healthy dogs (HD, n = 6); dogs with CDVD (CDVDD, n = 8); dogs with DCM (DCMD, n = 6); and dogs with doxorubicin chemotherapy and doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy (DoxCMD, n = 8). Animals in the study were diagnosed for primary disease by standard methods and algorithms. Animals were euthanized due to incurable neurological disease, refractory heart failure, or by owners will. The material was obtained immediately after death, fixed in liquid nitrogen, and stored in −80°C refrigerator. Studied proteins concentrations were analyzed in a specialized research laboratory, using ELISA kits, provided by Cloud-Clone Corp.Results: ATP, GLUT1, and GLUT4 concentrations in myocardial tissue from the valvular disease group did not differ from the HD group. In CDVD, we found depression of PDH, hexokinase II (HX2), and ADR concentrations in comparison to HD. InsR was significantly lower in the CDVD and DoxCMD groups in comparison to the HD group, but in the DCM group, it was twofold higher than in the HD group. In the DCMD and DoxCMD groups, all parameters were lower than in the HD group. ATP, HX2, ADR, GLUT1, and GLUT4 were higher in the CDVD group, than in the DCM and DoxCM groups. PDH in the CDVD and DoxCM groups did not differ. PDH was depleted in the DCM to CDVD and DoxCM groups. InsR did not differ between the CDVD and DoxCM groups, but was upregulated in the DCM to CDVD and DoxCM groups.Conclusion: Development of myocardial tissue IRM is a part of the structural, functional and metabolic remodeling in dogs with heart failure of different etiology. At the late stages, we found significant changes in energy supply availability and production in the myocardium.
Assessment of quality of water and sediments in small reservoirs in Southern Poland - A case study
Authors: Michalec Bogusław , Cupak Agnieszka
Published: February 2021

The paper presents an attempt to forecast heavy metal pollution of sediments of four designed reservoirs in southern Poland. For this purpose, concentration of dissolved heavy metals (lead, cadmium and nickel) was determined in water of watercourses on which the designed reservoirs will be constructed and also in sediments and water flowing into six reservoirs that are already in use. Based on the results of the heavy metal concentrations of six exploited reservoirs, a relationship was developed between heavy metal concentration in the sediment as a function of the concentration of these metals in the inflowing water. Using these relationships, the forecast concentrations of these metals in the sediments of the designed reservoirs were estimated. The mean concentrations of these metals in the planned reservoirs were 20.5 mg. kg-1 for lead, 3.4 mg. kg-1 for cadmium and 14.8 mg. kg-1 for nickel. No dangerous pollution of analyzed metal of water inflows to the planned reservoirs was found. The calculated geoaccumulation index indicates that in terms of the lead and nickel concentrations, sediments in the planned reservoirs will be unpolluted to moderately polluted, while for cadmium concentrations - they will be moderately to strongly polluted.
At Binicilik Takımlarının Motosiklet Kültürü Üzerindeki Yansımaları
Authors: KURTİPEK Ayşe , AKBULUT Dilek
Published: February 2021

At, eski çağlardan sanayi devrimine kadar toplumlarda çok önemli bir değer olmuştur. İnsanlık tarihinde birçok toplulukta simgeleştirilmiş ve gıda, yük taşıma, ulaşım, savaş, hobi vb. alanlarda insanlığa hizmet etmiştir. Tarihimizde önemli yere sahip olan atların kullanımını kolaylaştırmak için eyer, üzengi, koşum takımları gibi atın kullanıcısı ile at arasındaki bağı sağlayan binicilik takımları mevcuttur. Eski topluluklar için at çok önemli bir figür olmasıyla beraber atların ve binicilerin üzerine giydikleri eşyalar da ön planda olmuştur. Birçok kültürel değeri üzerinde taşıyan bu aksesuarlar da zaman içinde değişime ve dönüşüme uğramıştır. Sanayi devriminde buhar motorunun icadı ile birlikte günümüzün vazgeçilmezi olan motorlu taşıtlar tasarlanmaya başlamıştır. Özellikle yük taşıma ve ulaşım amacıyla çok sık kullanılan atların yerini motorlu taşıtlar almıştır. Atların kullanım değerini kaybetmesi nedeniyle at malzemeleri yapan saraçlık sektörü de değişime uğramıştır. Günümüzde bazı saraç ustaları spor ve hobi amaçlı binilmeye devam eden atlar veya giyim sektörü için özel deri ürünler çalışarak zanaatını sürdürmektedir. Atlarla benzer amaca hizmet eden motosikletlerin tarihsel gelişimi ve motosikletler için kullanılan aksesuarlar ele alındığında aralarında ortak özellikler olduğu görülmektedir. Sanayi devrimi sonrasında ortaya çıkan bisiklet ve motosiklet denemelerinde at figürünün izlerine rastlanmaktadır. Ayrıca atlara özgü önemli eşyalardan eyer, koşum ve binicilik takımları incelendiğinde motosiklet kültürüne yansımaları ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada biri doğarken diğeri yok olan at ve motosiklet kültürleri arasındaki ilişki ele alınmıştır.
Conic bundles that are not birational to numerical Calabi--Yau pairs
Authors: Kollár János
Published: February 2021

Let $X$ be a general conic bundle over the projective plane with branch curve of degree at least 19. We prove that there is no normal projective variety $Y$ that is birational to $X$ and such that some multiple of its anticanonical divisor is effective. We also give such examples for 2-dimensional conic bundles defined over a number field.
Finiteness of the space of n-cycles for a reduced (n − 2)-concave complex space
Authors: Barlet Daniel
Published: February 2021

EPIGA, Volume 1 (2017), Nr. 5

We show that for n ≥ 2 the space of closed n-cycles in a strongly (n − 2)-concave complex space has a natural structure of reduced complex space locally of finite dimension and represents the functor " analytic family of n-cycles " parametrized by Banach analytic sets.

Nous montrons que, pour n ≥ 2, l'espace des n-cycles fermés dans un espace complexe fortement (n − 2)-concave a une structure naturelle d'espace complexe réduit localement de dimension finie et que cet espace représente le foncteur " famille analytique de n-cycles " paramétrée par des ensembles analytiques banachiques.
Haas' theorem revisited
Authors: Bertrand Benoît , Brugallé Erwan , Renaudineau Arthur
Published: February 2021

Haas' theorem describes all partchworkings of a given non-singular plane tropical curve $C$ giving rise to a maximal real algebraic curve. The space of such patchworkings is naturally a linear subspace $W_C$ of the $\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$-vector space $\overrightarrow \Pi_C$ generated by the bounded edges of $C$, and whose origin is the Harnack patchworking. The aim of this note is to provide an interpretation of affine subspaces of $\overrightarrow \Pi_C $ parallel to $W_C$. To this purpose, we work in the setting of abstract graphs rather than plane tropical curves. We introduce a topological surface $S_\Gamma$ above a trivalent graph $\Gamma$, and consider a suitable affine space $\Pi_\Gamma$ of real structures on $S_\Gamma$ compatible with $\Gamma$. We characterise $W_\Gamma$ as the vector subspace of $\overrightarrow \Pi_\Gamma$ whose associated involutions induce the same action on $H_1(S_\Gamma,\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z})$. We then deduce from this statement another proof of Haas' original result.

Comment: 22 pages, 14 figures
Correspondences between convex geometry and complex geometry
Authors: Lehmann Brian , Xiao Jian
Published: February 2021

We present several analogies between convex geometry and the theory of holomorphic line bundles on smooth projective varieties or K\"ahler manifolds. We study the relation between positive products and mixed volumes. We define and study a Blaschke addition for divisor classes and mixed divisor classes, and prove new geometric inequalities for divisor classes. We also reinterpret several classical convex geometry results in the context of algebraic geometry: the Alexandrov body construction is the convex geometry version of divisorial Zariski decomposition; Minkowski's existence theorem is the convex geometry version of the duality between the pseudo-effective cone of divisors and the movable cone of curves.

Comment: EpiGA Volume 1 (2017), Article Nr. 6
On a theorem of Campana and P\u{a}un
Authors: Schnell Christian
Published: February 2021

Let $X$ be a smooth projective variety over the complex numbers, and $\Delta \subseteq X$ a reduced divisor with normal crossings. We present a slightly simplified proof for the following theorem of Campana and P\u{a}un: If some tensor power of the bundle $\Omega_X^1(\log \Delta)$ contains a subsheaf with big determinant, then $(X, \Delta)$ is of log general type. This result is a key step in the recent proof of Viehweg's hyperbolicity conjecture.

Comment: 9 pages. Formatted using epigamath.sty
Troisi\`eme groupe de cohomologie non ramifi\'ee des torseurs universels sur les surfaces rationnelles
Authors: Cao Yang
Published: February 2021

Let $k$ a field of characteristic zero. Let $X$ be a smooth, projective, geometrically rational $k$-surface. Let $\mathcal{T}$ be a universal torsor over $X$ with a $k$-point et $\mathcal{T}^c$ a smooth compactification of $\mathcal{T}$. There is an open question: is $\mathcal{T}^c$ $k$-birationally equivalent to a projective space? We know that the unramified cohomology groups of degree 1 and 2 of $\mathcal{T}$ and $\mathcal{T}^c$ are reduced to their constant part. For the analogue of the third cohomology groups, we give a sufficient condition using the Galois structure of the geometrical Picard group of $X$. This enables us to show that $H^{3}_{nr}(\mathcal{T}^{c},\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z}(2))/H^3(k,\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z}(2))$ vanishes if $X$ is a generalised Ch\^atelet surface and that this group is reduced to its $2$-primary part if $X$ is a del Pezzo surface of degree at least 2.

Comment: 27 page, in French
Abundance for varieties with many differential forms
Authors: Lazić Vladimir , Peternell Thomas
Published: February 2021

We prove that the abundance conjecture holds on a variety $X$ with mild singularities if $X$ has many reflexive differential forms with coefficients in pluricanonical bundles, assuming the Minimal Model Program in lower dimensions. This implies, for instance, that under this condition, hermitian semipositive canonical divisors are almost always semiample, and that klt pairs whose underlying variety is uniruled have good models in many circumstances. When the numerical dimension of $K_X$ is $1$, our results hold unconditionally in every dimension. We also treat a related problem on the semiampleness of nef line bundles on Calabi-Yau varieties.
Hyper-K\"ahler Fourfolds Fibered by Elliptic Products
Authors: Kamenova Ljudmila
Published: February 2021

Every fibration of a projective hyper-K\"ahler fourfold has fibers which are Abelian surfaces. In case the Abelian surface is a Jacobian of a genus two curve, these have been classified by Markushevich. We study those cases where the Abelian surface is a product of two elliptic curves, under some mild genericity hypotheses.

Comment: 8 pages, EPIGA published version