bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Justice and Cultural Diversity Issues
Authors: Harley Debra A. , Alston Reginald J. , Turner-Whittaker Tyra
Published: September 2021

Early definitions of cultural diversity focused primarily on race/ethnicity, with subsequent inclusion of age, gender, sexual orientation, class, religion, geography, and a combination of positionalities. More recently, social justice has resurfaced as a component of cultural diversity to explain experiences of people of color, women, and marginalized groups. This article examines the movement to include cultural diversity and social justice in rehabilitation education, and offers a model for curriculum development in light of the new CORE standards.
Tasa de retorno de la educación y brechas salariales: evidencia empírica para la ciudad de Pasto en el año 2018
Authors: Álvarez-Correa Juan , Atis-Ortega Karen , Morales-Pantoja Andrés
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo tiene como propósito contrastar empíricamente la teoría del Capital Humano, verificando la existencia de rentabilidades salariales asociadas a mayores niveles de escolaridad, en el municipio de Pasto. Se emplean los microdatos de la Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares (GEIH) en el año 2018, para estimar una ecuación de participación en el mercado de trabajo y otra de salarios. Los resultados indican que, en promedio, el incremento de un año de educación aumenta el ingreso laboral por hora en aproximadamente 11 %, mientras que las mujeres presentan salarios en promedio 31 % más bajos que sus pares masculinos.
Evaluacion De Compuestos Fenolicos De (Citrus sinensis) Y Su Capacidad Antioxidante
Authors: Vega Contreras Nelson Alfonso , Torres Salazar Martha Liliana
Published: September 2021

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal evaluar los compuestos fenólicos extraídos de la cáscara de la naranja valencia (Citrus. sinensis), esto con la finalidad de ser aplicados en la industria cárnica como antioxidantes, y su posible aceptación sensorial, para lo cual se aplicaron dos métodos diferentes de extracción, siendo estos el ultrasonido y Soxhlet, utilizando el etanol como solvente, donde  último el método resulto más eficiente para la extracción de los compuestos fenólicos, con un porcentaje de efectividad significativo, la  identificación se realizó mediante cromatografía por HPLC/DAD, en la cual se detectaron compuestos como ácido galico, acido para hidroxibenzoico, ácido vanilico, ácido cafeico, acido p-cumarico, ácido felurico, entre otros, la determinación de la actividad antioxidante, se realizó por la decoloración del beta caroteno el cual decolora rápidamente sin la presencia de un antioxidante, la aplicación de los compuestos fenólicos se realizaron en productos embutidos (chorizos) crudos frescos, en donde se sometieron a una evaluación sensorial para mirar su posible aceptación lo que permitió concluir que las cascaras de Citrus Sinensis tiene una alta capacidad de inhibir la oxidación de los productos cárnicos.
Actividad Antioxidante De Los Musgos Breutelia subdisticha, Leptodontium viticulosoides y Pylaisia falcata
Authors: Tellez-Rocha Nathaly , Moncada Bibiana , Pombo-Ospina Luis Miguel , Rodriguez-Aguirre Oscar E
Published: September 2021

Los musgos son utilizados por muchas culturas para tratar diferentes enfermedades, probablemente por sus compuestos bioactivos, algunos de los cuales pueden presentar actividad antioxidante. Esta investigación evaluó la actividad antioxidante (AA) de Breutelia subdisticha (Hampe) A. Jaeger, Leptodontium viticulosoides (P. Beauv.) Wijk & Margad. y Pylaisia falcata Schimp., a partir de extractos de diclorometano y etanólicos, mediante los métodos 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidracilo (DPPH*) y ácido 2,2′-azino-bis-3-etilbenzotiazolin-6-sulfónico (ABTS*+). A los extractos obtenidos mediante la técnica Soxhlet se les determinó la concentración inhibitoria (IC50) y la actividad antioxidante relativa (%AAR), con posteriores análisis estadísticos de ANOVA y post-hoc de Tukey. Los extractos etanólicos presentaron mayor capacidad antioxidante que los de diclorometano.  Por el método DPPH* los extractos etanólicos mostraron una %AAR respecto al ácido ascórbico de 3.06 para L. viticulosoides, 177.00 para B. subdisticha y 141.66 para P. falcata; mientras que con el método ABTS*+ la %AAR con respecto al ácido ascórbico fue de 1.75 para L. viticulosoides, 139.17 para B. subdisticha y 120.22 para P. falcata. Como conclusión, L. viticulosoides exhibió la mejor actividad antioxidante, por lo cual se sugiere continuar con su investigación y lograr una aplicación farmacológica de origen natural.
The use of Bacillus spp. as bacterial biocontrol agents to control plant diseases
Authors:   Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, ULiege (University of Liège), Belgium, Anckaert Adrien , Arias Anthony Arguelles ,   Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, ULiege (University of Liège), Belgium, Hoff Grégory ,   Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, ULiege (University of Liège), Belgium, Calonne-Salmon Maryline ,   UCLouvain (University of Louvain-la-Neuve), Belgium, Declerck Stéphane ,   UCLouvain (University of Louvain-la-Neuve), Belgium, Ongena Marc ,   Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, ULiege (University of Liège), Belgium
Published: September 2021

Biocontrol agents (BCAs) based on plant growth promoting rhizobacteria have recently been developed as alternatives to chemical pesticides. Among those beneficial bacteria, Bacillus spp. are one of the most promising BCAs. A wide range of bioactive secondary metabolites (BSMs) are involved in biocontrol via antibiosis to phytopathogens and/or via elicitation of systemic resistance in their host plants. This chapter illustrates the diversity of pathosystems in which BCA based on Bacillus spp. have proved effective. It describes the mechanisms underpinning this biocontrol activity via production of a wide range of enzymes, proteins and small-size BSMs. As these BSMs are clearly involved in pathogen control, we emphasise the importance of understanding the ecological factors influencing their production. In the last part of the chapter, we highlight the potential interactions between Bacillus spp. and other soil microorganisms in developing consortia of biocontrol agents combining species with synergistic activities for plant health improvement.
Evaristo Valle: cor, figura e lirismo
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Gutiez Maximiliano
Published: September 2021

Evaristo Valle (1873-1951), pintor asturiano hoje pouco conhecido, teve um papel singular e de relevo no Modernismo espanhol. Sua obra reflete suas vivências na Paris da virada do século e também as efervescências sociais da região de Astúrias, berço dos conflitos que levaram à Guerra Civil Espanhola. Influenciado pelos grandes mestres espanhóis (Velazquez, El Greco e Goya), desenvolveu um trabalho cromático original, em que as cores adquirem valor simbólico, sugerindo interpretações líricas das composições. Transpôs para a pintura a óleo as técnicas da aquarela (como as “aguadas”), explorando com leveza os contrastes de matizes e tonais, as densidades de cor e as transparências. Seu tema principal são as figuras do povo de sua região. Mais que pessoas, EV retrata uma sociedade, recriando-a e ampliando sua potência poética.
O que faltou na torrentina: o período paduano da vida de Andrea Mantegna
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Kaplan Nancy
Published: September 2021

Há quinhentos anos, na noite de 13 de setembro de 1506, morria em Mântua Andrea Mantegna (1430/31-1506). Contava cerca de 76 anos e encontrava-se gravemente enfermo há bastante tempo. Por mais de quatro décadas, ele fora o pintor da corte dos Gonzaga e muito contribuíra para torná-la o centro humanista almejado por Ludovico III quando, no fim dos anos cinquenta, convidara-o a deixar Pádua para instalar-se em Mântua. Mantegna foi sepultado com honras na capela familiar de São João Baptista em Sant’Andrea, a imponente igreja projetada por Alberti (1404-72).
Anarquia e crítica em Lygia Pape
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo, Machado Vanessa Rosa
Published: September 2021

A ainda pouco estudada trajetória da artista plástica Lygia Pape (1927-2004) pode revelar interessantes aspectos sobre as radicais transformações ocorridas nas últimas cinco décadas, período em que ela produziu. Embora parte de sua produção tenha sido voltada ao trabalho poético dos materiais, outra vertente despertou nosso maior interesse: a que se relaciona ao tratamento das questões exteriores, de fora, do cotidiano e da cidade. Sua obra foi marcada pelo experirnentalisrno e pelo engajamento; como artista concreta e neoconcreta esteve envolvida no amplo "projeto cultural moderno", de reconstrução do país em outras bases. Tal engajamento assumiu outras formas no final dos anos 1960, período de recrudescimento das medidas ditatoriais, e se traduziu em obras participativas realizadas em espaços alternativos. Entretanto, e apesar da dura realidade, a grande maioria de suas propostas foge do tom sisudo da denúncia panfletária e da crítica direta. Trabalhos como "Ovo" (1968) e "Divisor" (1968), embora possam ser lidos numa vertente política, apresentam essa questão de modo indireto, filtrado esteticamente. Obras posteriores, de meados da década de 1970, como seu projeto "Eat me: a gula ou a luxúria?" (1976), sobre a transformação da mulher em objeto sexual, já incorporam questões ligadas à cultura de massa e à indústria cultural. Seus anárquicos filmes em super-8, que ora criam uma realidade distinta, ora registram poeticamente a realidade, se apóiam no humor, na insolência e no grotesco para trazer à tona espinhosos aspectos contemporâneos, como o domínio da imagem e a agonia do espaço público. Nesse trabalho pretendemos investigar as inusitadas formas assumidas pela crítica no trabalho de Lygia Pape, uma vez que diante de um contexto repressivo, humor e anarquia podem ter assumido o papel de abrir uma possibilidade para trazer ao debate, através da arte, as questões mais candentes daquele período.
O barroco sob a luz do modernismo: Lúcio Costa e os jesuítas
Authors:   Universidade Estadual Paulista, Masseran Paulo Roberto
Published: September 2021

O objetivo deste texto é o levantamento de questões referentes à construção historiográfica da arquitetura e da cidade colonial, empreendida por arquitetos modernistas a partir da década de 1930, tendo por objeto específico o artigo escrito por Lúcio Costa, denominado “A arquitetura dos jesuítas no Brasil”, e publicado pela Revista do Serviço do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional, n° 5, de 1941. Desde o primeiro número da revista do SPHAN em 1937, Lúcio Costa já publicava o artigo “Documentação necessária”, e no terceiro número, o artigo “Notas sobre a evolução do mobiliário luso-brasileiro”. O texto a seguir trata especificamente do terceiro artigo publicado pelo arquiteto, na revista, onde aborda a produção artística ligada às atividades da Companhia de Jesus no Brasil. Define, conceitua, indica as fundamentações dessas manifestações, ancorado no seu tempo, amparado por sua própria experiência e vivência, imbuído do espírito de renovação do fazer da arquitetura, do pensar a sua história. Disse por várias vezes, em textos e entrevistas, que os mesmos arquitetos “modernos” que se empenhavam em renovar o passado, eram também aqueles que lutavam para preservá-lo. Logicamente este passado a manter-se presente passava por um filtro modernista, e este mesmo filtro lastreava a construção do projeto de modernização da intelectualidade brasileira. A criação do SPHAN, seus atos e movimentos dão conta dessa batalha, e representam hoje, da maneira mais diletante, essa profissão do credo nas transformações do mundo industrial.
Identidade e representações sociais na construção da imagem da cidade
Authors: Paz Elisete de Souza Ramāo , Gevehr Daniel Luciano , Jung Carlos Fernando
Published: September 2021

A pesquisa discute os conceitos de identidade cultural e de representações sociais, bem como as possíveis relações que se podem estabelecer entre os dois conceitos e o processo de construção das imagens da cidade. Para tanto, foram selecionadas 27 publicações das bases de dados Scielo, Google Acadêmico e Portal Periódicos CAPES, todos com avaliações entre A1 e B2, nas áreas de Planejamento Urbano e Regional e Interdisciplinar, no Sistema Integrado Capes WebQualis. Com isso, buscou-se compreender o estado da arte no campo de pesquisa, que relaciona a cidade com os processos de produção identitária e de representações sociais.
Ginásio Auxilium
Authors: Mendonça Roselene Candida Barroso , Abreu Sandra Elaine Aires de
Published: September 2021

O ensino secundário brasileiro foi fortemente marcado por um sistema educacional dualista, em que aos filhos da elite estavam destinados os ensinos secundário e superior, enquanto aos filhos da classe trabalhadora restavam os ensinos primário e técnico profissional. Para as mulheres a situação era pior, pois a educação secundária foi negada a elas durante séculos. Este artigo objetiva analisar a implementação da primeira escola secundária feminina em Anápolis (GO), em 1943, destacando o caráter elitista desse nível educacional. A pesquisa utiliza-se de análise bibliográfica, documental e entrevista. Como resultado, verificou-se que as alunas do Ginásio Auxilium pertenciam a famílias privilegiadas social e economicamente.
Conhecimentos docentes para ensinar Estatística
Authors: Schreiber Karla Priscila , Porciúncula Mauren
Published: September 2021

Este artigo apresenta conhecimentos docentes específicos sobre os estudantes e as estratégias pedagógicas identificados nas narrativas de professores que participaram do Grupo Colaborativo de Formação de Professores em Educação Estatística – MoSaiCo Edu. Para isso, sete encontros do Grupo foram gravados e transcritos, sendo analisados através da técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, o que levou à construção de sete discursos. Um deles, denominado “incompreensões dos discentes e estratégias para o ensino dos conceitos estatísticos” é destaque deste artigo. Como resultados da análise deste, destacam-se os conhecimentos dos professores sobre as especificidades de aprendizagem, protagonismo, interesses e incompreensões dos estudantes, a apreciação do contexto e de experiências cotidianas, assim como a utilização de testes padronizados, recursos tecnológicos e materiais pedagógicos. A caracterização dos conhecimentos docentes para ensinar Estatística, objeto de estudo em processo de desenvolvimento científico, é relevante, pois pode orientar a formação inicial e continuada, e a prática em sala de aula.
Gastrointestinal Endoparasite Infection on Red Foot (Chelonoidis carbonaria) in Surabaya City Based on Fecal Examination
Authors: Ardhiani Nurin , Suprihati Endang , Yudhana Aditya , Fikri Faisal
Published: September 2021

Infectious disease which caused by parasite is the most serious problem in tortoise breeding. This study identifies gastrointestinal endoparasites infection on Red Foot (Chelonoidis carbonaria) during November 2020 to February 2021 in Surabaya City. Fecal samples from a tortoise, a total of 14 tortoises were collected and examined by native, sedimentation and floatation methods for parasitic eggs and oocyst. Fecal samples for this research were collected from breeding farm in Surabaya City. Data obtained from this study were presented descriptively and analyzed by Chi-Square test. Based on examination results, the occurrence of gastrointestinal endoparasite infection on Red foot was recorded at 100% from the total samples. The gastrointestinal parasites were identified as helminths and protozoa namely which is dominately by Tachygonetria spp. (14%), Angusticaecum spp. (3%), and Balantidium coli (2%) respectively. The provision of deworming medication as a curative measure by the owner is carried out regularly and continuously on tortoises that are positively infected with gastrointestinal endoparasites and prevention can be done by paying attention to the management and cleanliness of the cage to prevent potential transmission of endoparasites from the environment to the tortoise.
Increased Early Mortality in Bilateral Simultaneous TKA Using Conventional Instrumentation Compared with Technology-Assisted Surgery
Authors: Kirwan David P. , B(IMIS) Yi Peng, , Harris Ian A.
Published: September 2021

Background:

Controversy exists regarding the safety of bilateral simultaneous total knee arthroplasty (BSTKA). When conventional instrumentation is used, the increased fat emboli that result from the insertion of intramedullary rods may increase the risk of perioperative complications. We hypothesized that the use of technology-assisted instrumentation (avoiding intramedullary involvement) would be associated with a lower rate of early postoperative death compared with the use of conventional instrumentation.

Methods:

We compared the 30 and 90-day rates of mortality following BSTKA performed with conventional versus technology-assisted instrumentation from 2003 to 2019, with use of data from a large national registry. Firth logistic regression analysis was utilized, adjusting for age, sex, and procedure year for all BSTKAs performed during the study period. For procedures performed from 2015 to 2019, odds ratios were additionally adjusted for American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification and body mass index.

Results:

A total of 34,908 BSTKAs were identified. The proportion of cases utilizing technology-assisted instrumentation increased over the study period. The odds ratio of death within 30 days after technology-assisted BSTKA, adjusted for age, sex, and procedure year, was 0.26 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08 to 0.83; p = 0.02). The odds ratio, adjusted for age, sex, procedure year, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, and body mass index, was 0.26 (95% CI, 0.09 to 0.74; p = 0.01). The corresponding odds ratios for 90-day mortality were 0.25 (95% CI, 0.09 to 0.72; p = 0.01) and 0.26 (95% CI, 0.10 to 0.67; p = 0.005), respectively.

Conclusions:

Technology-assisted BSTKA was associated with a significant reduction in early mortality compared with the use of conventional instrumentation. This difference may be explained by the reduced fat emboli associated with technology-assisted BSTKA and is likely to be clinically important on a population scale.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Analysis And Evaluation Of Pharmacist Power Needs With The WISN Method In The Pharmaceutical Installation Of Haji Hospital Surabaya
Authors: Subhan Muhammad , Wardani Ratna , Ramdani Dewi
Published: September 2021

The success of the hospital in carrying out its functions is influenced by several factors, among which the most dominant is human resources. Human resources are one of the important factors to be able to provide quality and comprehensive services in health services and are the key determinants of the rate and quality of services. The method of calculating needs based on workload (WISN) is an indicator that shows the amount of workforce required for health facilities based on workload, so that the allocation / relocation of labor will be easier and more rational. This research is a descriptive observational research with qualitative data analysis with purposive sampling method, namely the sampling technique by determining certain criteria. The HR category that will be calculated is the pharmacist in the Pharmacy Installation of the Surabaya Haji Hospital and results in a calculation of the total need for pharmacists of 24 people, compared to the current number of pharmacists of 20 pharmacists, the addition of pharmacists is 4 people in the Home Pharmacy Installation Haji Hospital Surabaya. The current number of fulfilled personnel from the calculation results only fulfills 83% of the ideal amount generated by the WISN method. With the obstacles faced such as the large workload of clinical pharmacy services that are carried out every day. To anticipate this, it is necessary to fulfill the need for pharmacists.
Dynamic Positioning of An Oceanographic Research Vessel Using Fuzzy Logic Controller in Different Sea States
Authors: Tiwari Kunal , P. Krishnankutty
Published: September 2021

A dynamic positioning system is computer controlled system which maintains the positioning and heading of ship by means of active thrust. A DP system consist of sensors, observer, controller and thrust allocation algorithm. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the performance of proportional derivative type fuzzy controller with Mamdani interface scheme for dynamic positioning of an oceanographic research vessel (ORV) by numerical simulation. Nonlinear passive observer is used to filter the noise from the position and orientation. A nonlinear mathematical model of the ORV is subjected to the wave disturbance ranging from calm to phenomenal sea. Robustness and efficiency of the fuzzy logic controller is analysed in comparison with the multivariable proportional integral derivative (PID) and the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller. A simplified constrained linear quadratic algorithm is used for thrust allocation. The frequency response of the closed loop system with different controllers is analysed using the bode plot. The stability of controller is established using the Lyapunov criteria.
Association of Three micro-RNA Gene Polymorphisms with the Risk of Cervical Cancer: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Xu Jingyu , Fan Yihua , Zhang Qiang , Geng Junze , Xia Tian
Published: September 2021

Objective: Regulation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in micro-RNA (miRNA) on the host cells may be one of the most important factors influencing the occurrence of cervical cancer based on the prevalence of HPV infection and the development of cervical cancer. In order to explore the contribution of miRNA polymorphism to the occurrence and development of cervical cancer, we conducted an analytical study. Methods: We selected the polymorphisms of three widely studied miRNAs (miRNA-146a rs2910164, miRNA-499 rs3746444 and miRNA-196a2 rs11614913). Then we conducted a meta-analysis (for the first time) to investigate their susceptibility to cervical cancer. Case control studies on the correlation between these three miRNAs and cervical cancer susceptibility were investigated by searching on from Pubmed, The Cochrane Library, Embase, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang database and VIP database. Basic characteristics were recorded and meta-analysis of the case studies was performed using STATA 15.1 software. Results: The miRNA-146a rs2910164 mutation significantly reduced the risk of cervical cancer in both recessive model (OR= 0.804, 95%CI= 0.652-0.992, P= 0.042；CC vs. CG+GG) and allelic model (OR= 0.845, 95%CI= 0.721-0.991, P= 0.038；C vs. G). There was no significant correlation between miRNA -499 rs3746444 and the risk of cervical cancer. The miRNA -196a2 rs11614913 mutation was significantly associated with a reduced risk of cervical cancer in homozygous model (OR= 0.641, 95%CI= 0.447-0.919, P= 0.016；TT vs. CC), dominant model (OR= 0.795, 95%CI= 0.636-0.994, P= 0.045；CT+TT vs. CC), recessive model (OR= 0.698, 95%CI= 0.532-0.917, P= 0.01；TT vs. CC+CT), and allelic models (OR= 0.783, 95%CI= 0.643-0.954, P= 0.015；T vs. C). Conclusion: In summary, this meta-analysis shows that the mutant genotypes of miRNA -146a rs2910164 and miRNA -196a2 rs11614913 are associated with a reduced risk of cervical cancer. Therefore, they may be two gene regulatory points for the prevention of cervical cancer.PROSPERO Registration number: CRD42021270079.
Spatial Variability of Soil Moisture in Mining Subsidence Area of Northwest China
Authors: lu bai , yajing wang , Zhang Kai , kaikai bao , jiangang zhao , xiaonan li
Published: September 2021

The current research only investigates the impact of coal mining on deep soil moisture from the perspective of the absolute value of soil moisture. This study applied the combined method of classical statistics and multi-dimensional geo-statistics to analyze the temporal and spatial changes of soil moisture from 0-10m in the mining face of Nalin River No.2 Mine in Northwest China from the perspective of spatial variability. The results of the study showed that in time distribution, on the whole, the soil moisture in the partial areas of the 1-year and the 2-year subsidence area was lower than that in the control area, and the variability increased, but as the subsidence entered a stable period, the degree of variability decreased; vertically observed, in space distribution, the 0-10m soil moisture in the control area had obvious distribution rules with low spatial variability. However, the spatial variability of soil moisture in the 1-year subsidence area and the 2-year subsidence area increased, and the variability showed a trend of increasing continuously with the increase of depth. During the principal component analysis, it was found that the change of soil texture caused by coal mining subsidence, the change of soil pores microstructure caused by geotechnical deformation, as well as the preferential flow caused by changes in groundwater level were the main reasons for the increasing spatial variability of soil moisture. This study revealed the principles of spatial variability of soil moisture in coal mining subsidence areas in Northwest China, which can provide a scientific basis for the restoration of mining areas.
Anatomy Education In US Medical Schools: Before, During, and Beyond COVID-19
Authors: Shin Max , Prasad Aman , Sabo Graham , Macnow Alexander S. R. , Sheth Neil P. , Cross Michael B. , Premkumar Ajay
Published: September 2021

Background: Anatomy education in US medical schools has seen numerous changes since the call for medical education reform in 2010. The purpose of this study was to survey US medical schools to assess recent trends in anatomy education, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on anatomy teaching, and future directions of medical school anatomy curricula. Methods: We sent a 29-item survey to anatomy course directors of 145 AAMC-associated allopathic medical schools inquiring about their schools’ anatomy curricula. The survey contained objective discrete questions concerning the curricula changes preceding COVID-19 and those directly related to COVID-19. We also asked subjective and open-ended questions about the impact of COVID-19 and future directions of anatomy education. Results: A total of 117/143 course directors (82%) completed the survey. Most schools (60%) reported a major change to their anatomy course within the past five years, including a decrease in total course time (20%), integration of anatomy into other courses (19%), and implementation of a “flipped classroom” (15%) teaching style. Due to COVID-19, there was a decrease in the fraction of course time dedicated to “hands-on” learning (p<0.01) and teaching of clinical correlates (p=0.02) and radiology (p<0.01). Most course directors (79%) reported that COVID-19 had a negative impact on quality of learning due to decreased interactive or in-person (62%) learning and lack of dissection (44%). Incorporation of virtual-reality applications or 3D anatomy software (23%) and a decrease in cadaver dissection (13%) were the most common future anticipated changes. Conclusion: The constraints conferred by COVID-19 highlight the importance of maximizing interactive learning in the discipline of anatomy. In an era of social distancing and decreased emphasis on conventional anatomy dissection, adaptations of new technologies and teaching modalities may allow for traditional educational rigor to be sustained.
An Optimal Designed Experiment for the Alkaline Hydrolysis of Feather Keratin
Authors: Dąbrowska Małgorzata , Sommer Agata , Sinkiewicz Izabela , Taraszkiewicz Antoni , Staroszczyk Hanna
Published: September 2021

Feathers, burdensome waste from the poultry industry, can be a cheap source of keratin, a protein with excellent physicochemical, biological and mechanical properties. The high yield of the keratin isolation is ensured by alkaline hydrolysis. This study aimed at assessing the statistically significant effect of input variables in the alkaline hydrolysis of keratin from chicken feathers on the process yield and on the molecular weight of peptides obtained. The volume ratio of 1M NaOH to the feathers mass, the hydrolysis time and the shaking speed of the reaction mixture were analyzed. The use of statistical analysis at the design step of experiment allowed to reduce of the trials number from 27 to 9. Among the input variables analyzed, only the volume ratio of 1M NaOH to the feathers mass had a significant effect on the process yield, while none of them significantly affected the molecular weight of the peptides obtained. All hydrolysates were dominated by two peptides fractions, with molecular weights of ca. 130 and 250 kDa, and mixture of many peptides of weight close to 10 kDa and smaller. Alkaline hydrolysis of feather keratin yielded protein hydrolysates soluble over a wide pH range.
Functional Characterization of Hydroxyproline-O-Galactosyltransferases For Arabidopsis Arabinogalactan-Proteins synthesis
Authors: Kaur Dasmeet , Held Michael A. , Smith Mountain R. , Showalter Allan M.
Published: September 2021

Background: Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are structurally complex hydroxyproline-rich cell wall glycoproteins ubiquitous in the plant kingdom. AGPs biosynthesis involves a series of post-translational modifications including the addition of type II arabinogalactans to non-contiguous Hyp residues. To date, eight Hyp-galactosyltransferases (Hyp-GALTs; GALT2-GALT9) belonging to CAZy GT31, are known to catalyze the addition of the first galactose residues to AGP protein backbones and enable subsequent AGP glycosylation. The extent of genetic redundancy, however, remains to be elucidated for the Hyp-GALT gene family. Results: To examine their gene redundancy and functions, we generated various multiple gene knock-outs, including a triple mutant (galt5galt8galt9), two quadruple mutants (galt2galt5galt7galt8, galt2galt5galt7galt9), and one quintuple mutant (galt2galt5galt7galt8galt9), and comprehensively examined their biochemical and physiological phenotypes. The key findings include: AGP precipitations with β-Yariv reagent showed that GALT2, GALT5, GALT7, GALT8 and GALT9 act redundantly with respect to AGP glycosylation in cauline and rosette leaves, while the activity of GALT7, GALT8 and GALT9 dominate in the stem, silique and flowers. Monosaccharide composition analysis showed that galactose was decreased in the silique and root AGPs of the Hyp-GALT mutants. The AGP profile of 25789 quintuple mutant stems indicated changes in AGP profiles compared to WT. Additionally, TEM analysis of 25789 quintuple mutant stems indicated cell wall defects coincident with the observed developmental and growth impairment in these Hyp-GALT mutants. Correlated with expression patterns, GALT2, GALT5, GALT7, GALT8, and GALT9 display equal additive effects on insensitivity to β-Yariv-induced growth inhibition, silique length, plant height, and pollen viability. Interestingly, GALT7, GALT8, and GALT9 contributed more to primary root growth and root tip swelling under salt stress, whereas GALT2 and GALT5 played more important roles in seed morphology, germination defects and seed set. Pollen defects likely contributed to the reduced seed set in these mutants. Conclusion: Additive and pleiotropic effects of GALT2, GALT5, GALT7, GALT8 and GALT9 on vegetative and reproductive growth phenotypes were teased apart via generation of different combinations of Hyp-GALT knock-out mutants. Taken together, the generation of higher order Hyp-GALT mutants demonstrate the functional importance of AG polysaccharides decorating the AGPs with respect to various aspects of plant growth and development.
SRAMI: Secure and Reliable Advanced Metering Infrastructure Protocol for Smart Grid
Authors: Halle Priyanka , S. Shiyamala
Published: September 2021

The emergence of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) into the Smart Grid applications receiving significant attention by researchers of the Internet of Things (IoT) assisted smart city projects. Communication networks (WiFi/WLAN) is one of the key building blocks of AMI for information exchange. The wireless communication networks are vulnerable to various security threats that lead to problems in designing the AMI system in smart city projects. The main requirements of cyber-physical systems like AMI include confidentiality, integrity, availability, and privacy. To satisfy the requirements of cyber-physical systems, we focused on the wireless communication protocol that addresses data transmission reliability and data security with minimum power consumption and overhead. The Secure and Reliable AMI (SRAMI) protocol using the unique trust-based mechanism for reliability and lightweight cryptography mechanism for the security proposed for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)-assisted AMI. The trust-based algorithm introduces to establish a reliable data transmission technique among two communicating entities of AMI. In this regard, next-hop selected according to trust-evaluation using parameters energy consumption, geographical distance, and bandwidth availability parameters. Furthermore, the lightweight Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)-based hybrid technique introduces to satisfy the data integrity and privacy requirements in the AMI network. The performance of SRAMI evaluated using throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), average energy consumption, delay, and communication overhead compared to state-of-art methods. The throughput and PDR improved by 5 % and 3.14 % compared to existing methods. The energy consumption, delay, and overhead reduced by 7.36 %, 12.16 %, and 17.66 % compared to existing techniques.
Application of Deep Learning Image Reconstruction (DLIR) Algorithm to Improve Image Quality in CT Angiography of Children with Takayasu Arteritis
Authors: Sun Jihang , Li Haoyan , Li Jianying , Li Haiyun , Li Michelle , Zhou Zuofu , Peng Yun
Published: September 2021

purpose: To evaluate the image quality improvement in CTA of children with Takayasu arteritis (TAK) using a Deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) in comparison to other reconstruction algorithms.Methods: 32 patients (9.14±4.51 years old) with TAK underwent neck, chest and abdominal CTA with 100kVp were enrolled. Images were reconstructed at 0.625mm slice thickness using Filtered Back-Projection (FBP), 50% adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-V (ASIR-V), 100%ASIR-V and DLIR with high setting (DLIR-H). The CT number and standard deviation (SD) of the descending aorta and back muscle were measured and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for aorta was calculated. The vessel visualization, overall image noise and diagnostic confidence were evaluated using a 5-point scale (5, excellent; 3, acceptable) by 2 observers.Results: There was no significant difference in CT number across all reconstructions. The image noise values (in HU) were 31.36±6.01, 24.96±4.69, 18.46±3.91 and 15.58±3.65, and CNR values for aorta were 11.93±2.12, 15.66±2.37, 22.54±3.34 and 24.02±4.55 with FBP, 50%ASIR-V, 100%ASIR-V and DLIR-H, respectively. The 100%ASIR-V and DLIR-H images had similar noise and CNR (all P>0.05), and both had lower noise and higher CNR than FBP and 50%ASIR-V images (all P<0.05). The subjective evaluation suggested that all images were diagnostic for large arteries, but only 50%ASIR-V and DLIR-H met the diagnostic requirement for small arteries (3.03±0.18 and 3.53±0.51). Conclusions: DLIR-H improves the CTA image quality and diagnostic confidence for TAK patients compared with 50%ASIR-V, and best balances image noise and spatial resolution compared with 100%ASIR-V.
Low-Dose Radiation Disrupts the Transcription Cascade of PAX6
Authors: Katsura Mari , Urade Yoshihiro , Nansai Hiroko , Kobayashi Mika , Izumi-Taguchi Akashi , Ishikawa Yukiko , Ito Tomohiro , Fukunaga Hisako , Tozawa Hideto , Chikaoka Yoko , Nakaki Ryo , Echigo Akinobu , Kohro Takahide , Sone Hideko , Wada Youichiro
Published: September 2021

Retinal stem cell differentiation is orchestrated by transcription cascades, and is prone to be influenced by stress factors. While threshold radiation dose for human mental retardation is reported, the effects on retinal transcription factors are unknown. To elucidate the effects of low-dose radiation on retinal differentiation, stem cells were irradiated. Genome-wide gene expression and histone modification were observed. After a month, the expression of PAX6, an essential transcription factor for retinal ganglion cell, was increased by 30 mGy but decreased by 180 mGy. POU5F1, POU2F1, SOX2, and PAX6 were predicted to be involved in regulation of PAX6. Further, upstream of POU5F1/POU2F1/ SOX2 was detected. Altered Rho family could be responsible for activity of SRF/STAT3/RELA, which were upstream of POU2F1/SOX2. These cascades could contribute to the regulation of PAX6 and unstable retinal development under stressful environment. Identification of the hierarchical regulations in the differentiation will help elucidate the retinal cell maintenance.
Liver-directed lentiviral gene therapy corrects hemophilia A mice and achieves normal-range factor VIII activity in non-human primates
Authors: Milani Michela , Canepari Cesare , Liu Tongyao , Biffi Mauro , Russo Fabio , Plati Tiziana , Curto Rosalia , Patarroyo-White Susannah , Drager Douglas , Visigalli Ilaria , Brombin Chiara , Albertini Paola , Ayuso Eduard , Mueller Christian , Annoni Andrea , Naldini Luigi , Cantore Alessio
Published: September 2021

Liver gene therapy with adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors delivering a clotting factor transgene into hepatocytes has shown multi-year therapeutic benefit in adults with hemophilia. However, anti-AAV pre-existing immunity and the mostly episomal nature of AAV vectors, currently challenges application of AAV-vector mediated liver gene therapy to people with anti-AAV neutralizing antibodies and young pediatric patients. We have developed lentiviral vectors (LV), which integrate in the host cell genome, which achieve stable and efficient liver gene transfer in mice, dogs and non-human primates (NHP), by intravenous (i.v.) delivery. Here we show long-term coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) activity and restoration of hemostasis, by LV i.v. gene therapy to newborn and adult hemophilia A mice and normal-range FVIII activity in NHP, paving the way for potential clinical application.
US Commuting delays from tidal flooding worsen with sea level rise
Authors: Hauer Mathew , Mueller Valerie , Sheriff Glenn
Published: September 2021

Although sea level rise is predicted to cause severe societal impacts at the end of the 21st century, few studies quantify the impacts coastal communities already face and empirical evidence regarding contemporary adaptive behaviors to these contemporary impacts remains limited. Here we combine complete road networks, historical and projected flood exposure, and the home/work locations of 500 million person-years for US coastal commuters to estimate the historic and projected delays due to SLR-related tidal flooding. We find that tidal flooding currently delays coastal commuters by an average of 22 minutes (+/- 4.4), increasing to 183 (+/- 33) to 643 (+/- 108) minutes by 2060 under current sea level rise scenarios. Furthermore, adaptive changes in residential and work locations from 2000-2015 reduced delays for coastal residents in 40% of U.S. counties. In the absence of policy, these commuting delays could lead to capital and residential flight from currently thriving coastal economic zones.
SARS-CoV-2 preS dTM vaccine booster candidates increase functional antibody responses and cross-neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in non-human primates
Authors: Pavot Vincent , Berry Catherine , Kishko Michael , Anosova Natalie , Huang Dean , Tibbitts Tim , Raillard Alice , Gautheron Sylviane , Gutzeit Cindy , Koutsoukos Marguerite , Chicz Roman , Lecouturier Valerie
Published: September 2021

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants that partly evade neutralizing antibodies has raised concerns of reduced vaccine effectiveness and increased infection. We previously demonstrated in preclinical models and in human clinical trials that our SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein vaccine adjuvanted with AS03 (CoV2 preS dTM-AS03) elicits robust neutralizing antibody responses in naïve subjects. Here, the objective was to document the potency of various booster vaccine formulations in macaques previously vaccinated with mRNA or protein subunit vaccine candidates. We show that one booster dose of AS03-adjuvanted CoV2 preS dTM, D614 (parental) or B.1.351 (Beta), in monovalent or bivalent (D614 + B.1.351) formulations, significantly boosted pre-existing neutralizing antibodies and elicited high and stable cross-neutralizing antibodies covering the four known SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta) and, unexpectedly, SARS-CoV-1, in primed macaques. Interestingly, the non-adjuvanted CoV2 preS dTM B.1.351 vaccine formulation also significantly boosted and broadened the neutralizing antibody responses. Our findings show that these vaccine candidates used as a booster have the potential to offer cross-protection against a broad spectrum of variants. This has important implications for vaccine control of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and informs on the benefit of a booster with our vaccine candidates currently under evaluation in phase 2 and 3 clinical trials (NCT04762680 and NCT04904549).
Development And Analysis of Ant Colony Optimization-Based Light Weight Container (ACO-LWC) Algorithm For Efficient Load Balancing
Authors: K Aruna , G Pradeep
Published: September 2021

Container technology is the latest lightweight virtualization technology which is an alternate solution for virtual machines. Docker is the most popular container technology for creating and managing Linux containers. Containers appear to be the most suitable medium for use in dynamic development, packaging, shipping and many other information technology environments. The portability of the software through the movement of containers is appreciated by businesses and IT professionals. In the docker container, one or more processes may run simultaneously. The main objective of this work is to propose a new algorithm called Ant Colony Optimization-based Light Weight Container (ACO-LWC) load balancing scheduling algorithm for scheduling various process requests. This algorithm is designed such that it shows best performance in terms of load balancing. The proposed algorithm is validated by comparison with two existing load balancing scheduling algorithms namely, least connection algorithm and round robin algorithm. The proposed algorithm is validated using metrics like response time (ms), mean square error (MSE), node load, largest TPS of cluster (fetches/sec), average response time for each request (ms) and run time (s). Quantitative analysis show that the proposed ACO-LWC scheme achieves best performance in terms of all the metrics compared to the existing algorithms. In particular, the response time for least connection, round robin and the proposed ACO-LWC algorithm are 58ms, 60ms and 48ms respectively when 95% requests are finished. Similarly, the error for scheduling 120 requests using least connection, round robin and the proposed ACO-LWC algorithm are 0.15, 0.11 and 0.06 respectively.
Multi-Site Split Learning for Privacy-Preserving Medical Systems under Data Imbalance Constraints: A Feasibility Study with COVID-19, X-Ray, and Cholesterol Dataset
Authors: Ha Yoo Jeong , Lee Gusang , Yoo Minjae , Jung Soyi , Yoo Seehwan , Kim Joongheon
Published: September 2021

It seems as though progressively more people are in the race to upload content, data, and information online; and hospitals haven’t neglected this trend either. Hospitals are now at the forefront for multi-site medical data sharing to provide groundbreaking advancements in the way health records are shared and patients are diagnosed. Sharing of medical data is essential in modern medical research. Yet, as with all data sharing technology, the challenge is to balance improved treatment with protecting patient’s personal information. This paper provides a novel split learning algorithm coined the term, “multi-site split learning”, which enables a secure transfer of medical data between multiple hospitals without fear of exposing personal data contained in patient records. It also explores the effects of varying the number of end-systems and the ratio of data-imbalance on the deep learning performance. A guideline for the most optimal configuration of split learning that ensures privacy of patient data whilst achieving performance is empirically given. We argue the benefits of our multi-site split learning algorithm, especially regarding the privacy preserving factor, using CT scans of COVID-19 patients, X-ray bone scans, and cholesterol level medical data.
Hyaluronan Self-Agglomerating Nanoparticles For Non- Small Cell Lung Cancer Targeting
Authors: Kim Joo-Eun , Park Young-Joon
Published: September 2021

Background: Research into nano-anticancer agents containing water-soluble drug is limited, and no related nano-based anticancer drugs have been developed. In this study, we aimed to develop irinotecan-loaded self-agglomerating hyaluronan nanoparticles (ISHNs) with a high hydrophilic anticancer drug-loading capacity and tumor cell-targeting capability to selectively adhere to overexpressed CD44 on the surface of tumor cells. Results: The ISHNs, comprising hyaluronic acid as a targeting moiety, ferric chloride as a binder, and D-glutamic acid as a stabilizer, self-agglomerated via chelating bonding and were lyophilized using a freeze dryer. The particle diameter and zeta potential of the ISHNs were 93.8 ± 4.48 nm and -36.3 ± 0.28 mV, respectively; a relatively narrow size distribution was observed. The drug fixation yield and drug-loading concentration were 58.3% and 1.75 mg/mL, respectively. Affinity studies revealed a 10-fold stronger targeting to H23 (cluster of differentiation 44 [CD44]+) non-small-cell lung cancer cells than A549 (CD44-) cells.Conclusion: Thus, we developed irinotecan-loaded ISHNs, which comprised irinotecan HCl as a water-soluble anticancer agent, HA as a targeting moiety, FeCl3 as a binder for self-agglomeration, and GA as a stabilizer; HA is a binding material for CD44 on the NSCLC cells. Owing to their ease of manufacture, excellent stability, and CD44-targeting ability, they are a potential nanocarrier for passive and active tumor targeting.
Robust Bulk Superconductivity by Giant Proximity Effect in Weyl Semimetal-superconducting NbP/NbSe2 Composites
Authors: Lee Yejin , Inturu Omkaram , Kim Jin Hee , Rhyee Jong-Soo
Published: September 2021

We synthesize Weyl semimetal/superconductor NbP/NbSe2 composite and observe stable bulk superconductivity at Tc = 7.2 K, 6.9 K, and 6.8 K for NbSe2 crystal, NbP/NbSe2 (1:1), and NbP/NbSe2 (2:1) composites, respectively, despite large volume fraction of non-superconducting NbP phase. From the Ginzburg-Landau theory, the Hc2(0) is significantly enhanced in NbP/NbSe2 composites [22 T (1:1) and 18.5 T (2:1)] comparing with the pristine NbSe2 crystal (8 T). The bulk superconductivity in Weyl semimetal/superconductor composite cannot be simply described by the de Gennes-Meissner theory in a proximity effect. From the electrical transport, magnetization, and heat capacity measurement, we obtain various superconducting parameters. The superconducting properties indicate that the NbP/NbSe2 composite is far from the conventional BCS superconductivity. It suggests that the Weyl semimetal/superconductor composite can have giant proximity effect, resulting in the stable bulk superconductivity in a composite with sizable volume fraction of non-superconducting Weyl semimetals. The giant proximity effect in Weyl semimetal/superconductor interface can have a platform to investigate the proximity induced Weyl semimetallic superconducting states.