bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated training dataset collection system design for machine learning application in optical networks: an example of quality of transmission estimation
Authors: Lu Jianing , Fan Qirui , Zhou Gai , Lu Linyue , Yu Changyuan , Lau Alan Pak Tao , Lu Chao
Published: August 2021

Applications of machine learning (ML) models in optical communications and networks have been extensively investigated. For an optical wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) system, the quality of transmission (QoT) estimation generally depends on many parameters including the number and arrangement of WDM channels; launch power of each channel; number and distribution of fiber spans; attenuation, dispersion, and nonlinearity parameters and length of each fiber span; noise figure; gain and gain tilt of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers; transceiver noise; digital signal processing (DSP) performance; and so on. In recent years, ML-based QoT estimation schemes have gained significant attention. However, nearly all relevant works are conducted through simulations because it is difficult to obtain sufficient and high-quality datasets for training ML models. In this paper, we demonstrate completely automated generation and collection of an ultra-large-scale experimental training dataset for ML-model-based QoT estimation by automation of transceivers and optical link parameters, as well as data transfer and DSP. Implementation details and key codes of automation are presented. Artificial neural network models with one and two hidden layers are trained by the collected dataset, and brief QoT estimation results are evaluated and discussed to verify the performance and stability of the established automated system.
>30 W vortex LG01 or HG10 laser using a mode transforming output coupler
Authors: Geberbauer J. W. T. , Kerridge-Johns W. R. , Damzen M. J.
Published: August 2021

High-power vortex light generated directly from lasers will help drive their applications in material processing, optical manipulation, levitation, particle acceleration, and communications, but limited power has been achieved to date. In this work, we demonstrate record vortex average power of 31.3 W directly from a laser, to the best of our knowledge, using an interferometric mode transforming output coupler to convert a fundamental mode Nd:YVO4 laser into a LG01 vortex output. The vortex laser was Q-switched with up to 600 kHz pulse rate with a high slope efficiency of 62.5% and an excellent LG01 modal purity of 95.2%. We further demonstrate > 30W laser power in a high quality HG10 mode by simple adjustment of the output coupler. Experimental investigations of varying output coupling transmission are compared with theory. This successful implementation of the interferometric output coupler in a high power system demonstrates the suitability of the mode transforming method for robust turn-key vortex lasers with high efficiency and high modal purity, with scalable power and pulse rate.
Tm:YAG single-crystal fiber laser
Authors: Liu Jian , Dong Jifei , Wang Yinyin , Guo Jun , Xue Yanyan , Xu Jun , Zhao Yongguang , Xu Xiaodong , Yu Haohai , Wang Zhengping , Xu Xinguang , Chen Weidong , Petrov Valentin
Published: August 2021

In this Letter, to the best of our knowledge, we present the first thulium (Tm) single-crystal fiber (SCF) laser with free-space propagation of the laser beam only. The SCF is equipped with diffusion-bonded end caps of undoped YAG for better thermal management and enhancement of pump guiding. By utilizing mode matching and pump guiding in different SCF parts, an output power of 9.1 W is achieved at∼2.02µmwith a slope efficiency of 49.4%. This straightforward approach, which is also simple to realize and is based on combining the advantages of fiber-geometry structure and crystalline properties of Tm:YAG, is expected to be useful for 2 µm amplification stages in different time formats as well.
Thermal blooming induced phase change and its compensation of a Gaussian beam propagation in an absorbing medium
Authors: Lu Lu , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhang Pengfei , Qiao Chunhong , Cai Yangjian
Published: August 2021

A high-power laser beam propagating in an absorbing medium, thermal blooming causes phase distortion, which is severe for the beam quality. In this Letter, a feasible approach for obtaining the phase change induced by thermal blooming is proposed. In addition, based on the aforementioned phase change, an alternative solution of phase compensation near the receiver is provided, which may enrich the previous compensation method (i.e., using an adaptive optics system near the beam transmitter). These findings may have potential applications in optical communication, astronomical imaging, and related areas.
Transcriptome-wide identification and expression profiling of the ERF gene family suggest roles as transcriptional activators and repressors of fruit ripening in durian
Authors: Khaksar Gholamreza , Sirikantaramas Supaart
Published: August 2021

The involvement of the phytohormone ethylene as the main trigger of climacteric fruit ripening is well documented. However, our knowledge regarding the role of ethylene response factor (ERF) transcription factor in the transcriptional regulation of ethylene biosynthesis during fruit ripening remains limited. Here, comprehensive transcriptome analysis and expression profiling revealed 63 ERFs in durian pulps, termed DzERF1–DzERF63, of which 34 exhibited ripening-associated expression patterns at three stages (unripe, midripe, and ripe) during fruit ripening. Hierarchical clustering analysis classified 34 ripening-associated DzERFs into three distinct clades, among which, clade I consisted of downregulated DzERFs and clade III included those upregulated during ripening. Phylogenetic analysis predicted the functions of some DzERFs based on orthologs of previously characterized ERFs. Among downregulated DzERFs, DzERF6 functional prediction revealed its role as a negative regulator of ripening via ethylene biosynthetic gene repression, whereas among upregulated genes, DzERF9 was predicted to positively regulate ethylene biosynthesis. Correlation network analysis of 34 ripening-associated DzERFs with potential target genes revealed a strong negative correlation between DzERF6 and ethylene biosynthetic genes and a strong positive correlation between DzERF9 and ethylene biosynthesis. DzERF6 and DzERF9 showed differential expression patterns in association with different ripening treatments (natural, ethylene-induced, and 1-methylcyclopropene-delayed ripening). DzERF6 was downregulated, whereas DzERF9 was upregulated, during ripening and after ethylene treatment. The auxin-repressed and auxin-induced expression of DzERF6 and DzERF9, respectively, confirmed its dose-dependent responsiveness to exogenous auxin. We suggest ethylene- and auxin-mediated roles of DzERF6 and DzERF9 during fruit ripening, possibly through transcriptional regulation of ethylene biosynthetic genes.
Physics of martial arts: Incorporation of angular momentum to model body motion and strikes
Authors: Merk Alexis , Resnick Andrew
Published: August 2021

We develop a physics-based kinematic model of martial arts movements incorporating rotation and angular momentum, extending prior analyses. Here, our approach is designed for a classroom environment; we begin with a warm-up exercise introducing counter-intuitive aspects of rotational motion before proceeding to a set of model collision problems that are applied to martial arts movements. Finally, we develop a deformable solid-body mechanics model of a martial arts practitioner suitable for an intermediate mechanics course. We provide evidence for our improved model based on calculations from biomechanical data obtained from prior reports as well as time-lapse images of several different kicks. In addition to incorporating angular motion, our model explicitly makes reference to friction between foot and ground as an action-reaction pair, showing that this interaction provides the motive force/torque for nearly all martial arts movements. Moment-of-inertia tensors are developed to describe kicking movements and show that kicks aimed high, towards the head, transfer more momentum to the target than kicks aimed lower, e.g. towards the body.
Length of stay following percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion: Data from the prospective, multicenter Amplatzer Amulet Occluder Observational Study
Authors: Piayda Kerstin , Afzal Shazia , Nielsen-Kudsk Jens Erik , Schmidt Boris , Mazzone Patrizio , Berti Sergio , Fischer Sven , Lund Juha , Montorfano Matteo , Hildick-Smith David , Gage Ryan , Zhao Hong , Zeus Tobias
Published: August 2021

Aims

To evaluate factors influencing the length of stay in patients undergoing percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO).

Methods and results

Patient characteristics, procedural data and the occurrence of serious adverse events were analyzed from the AmplatzerTM AmuletTM Occluder Observational Study. Patients were divided into three groups: same day (S, 0day, n = 60, 5.6%) early (E, 1day, n = 526, 48.9%), regular (R, 2-3days, n = 338, 31.4%) and late (L, ≥4days, n = 152, 14.1%) discharge and followed up for 60 days. Procedure and device related SAE during the in-hospital stay (S: 0.0% vs. E: 1.0% vs. R: 2.1% vs. L: 23%, p<0.0001) were a major trigger for a prolonged in-hospital stay. Of the 37 subjects in the late discharge group with an SAE prior to discharge, cardiac or bleeding complications were the most common underlying conditions, occurring in 26 subjects. Multinomial logistic analysis only identified HAS-BLED score as an independent influencing factor (p = 0.04) for a late discharge. After 60 days, mortality tended to be greatest in the late discharge group (S: 0.0% vs. E: 1.0% vs. R: 1.2% vs. L: 3.3%, p = 0.1066).

Conclusion

Over half of the subjects receiving an Amplatzer Amulet occluder were discharged within 1 day of the implant procedure. Serious adverse events were a major trigger for a late discharge after LAAO. Increased HAS-BLED score was associated with a prolonged in-hospital stay.
Utilization of somatic fusion techniques for the development of HLB tolerant breeding resources employing the Australian finger lime (Citrus australasica)
Authors: Dutt Manjul , Mahmoud Lamiaa M. , Chamusco Karen , Stanton Daniel , Chase Christine D. , Nielsen Ethan , Quirico Maria , Yu Qibin , Gmitter Frederick G. , Grosser Jude W.
Published: August 2021

The Australian finger lime is a unique citrus species that has gained importance due to its unique fruit characteristics and perceived tolerance to Huanglongbing (HLB), an often-fatal disease of citrus trees. In this study, we developed allotetraploid finger lime hybrids and cybrids by utilizing somatic cell fusion techniques to fuse diploid ‘OLL8’ sweet orange or ‘Page’ tangelo callus-derived protoplasts with finger lime (FL) mesophyll-derived protoplasts. Six somatic fusions were regenerated from the ‘OLL8’ + FL fusion, while three putative cybrids were regenerated from the ‘Page’ + FL fusion. Ploidy levels and nuclear-expressed sequence tag derived simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers confirmed the somatic hybrid production, and mitochondrial DNA primer sets confirmed the cybrid nature. Several trees produced by the somatic fusion remained HLB negative even after 6 years of growth in an HLB-endemic environment. Pathogenesis related (PR) and other genes that are often upregulated in HLB-tolerant trees were also upregulated in our somatic fusions. These newly developed somatic fusions and cybrids could potentially be used as breeding parents to develop the next generation of improved HLB-tolerant rootstocks and scions.
Root foraging of birch and larch in heterogeneous soil nutrient patches under water deficit
Authors: Tan Long , Fan Ruifeng , Sun Huifeng , Guo Shenglei
Published: August 2021

Water and nutrient are two critical factors that limit plant growth to spatial-temporal extents. Tree root foraging behavior has not received adequate attention in heterogeneous soil environments in temperate forest under drought pressure. In this study, birch (Betula platyphylla) and larch (Larix olgensis) seedlings were raised in pots in a split-root system with artificially heterogeneous soil environments to study the root foraging response to drought. Potted space was split into two halves where substrates were mixed with fertilizers in 67.5 mg nitrogen (N) plant-1 (N-P2O5-K2O, 14-13-13) to both halves as to create a homogeneous condition. Otherwise, a rate of 135 mg N plant-1 of fertilizers was delivered to a random half to create a heterogeneous condition. Half of seedlings were fully sub-irrigated every three days with the other half received the drought treatment by being watered every six days. Both birch and larch seedlings showed greater net shoot growth and biomass increment in well-watered condition, while root morphology was promoted by drought. Both species placed more fine roots with higher root N concentration in nutrient-enriched patches. In the heterogeneous pattern, birch showed a higher foraging precision assessed by biomass and greater foraging plasticity assessed in morphology and physiology. In contrast, larch seedlings had higher root N concentration in the well-watered condition. Neither species showed a significant response of N utilization to the heterogeneous pattern, but both used more N when water supply was improved. Overall, birch is better at acclimating to heterogeneous soil conditions, but its ability to seize N was lower than larch when drought was alleviated.
Knowledge on Infection Prevention and Control and associated factors among undergraduate health professional students at Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Uganda
Authors: Nalunkuma Racheal , Nkalubo Jonathan , Abila Derrick Bary
Published: August 2021

Introduction

To practice adequate Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) measures, health professional students need to have adequate knowledge of IPC. In this study, we assessed the knowledge of health professional students at Makerere University College of Health Sciences on Infection Prevention and Control.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional online survey among health professional students studying at Makerere University College of Health Sciences located in Kampala, Uganda. An adapted questionnaire was used to measure knowledge on Infection Prevention and Control among students.

Results

A total of 202 health professional students were included in the study. The mean age was 24.43 years. Majority were male 63.37% (n = 128), from the school of medicine 70.79% (n = 143) and used one source of information for IPC 49.50% (n = 100). Being in year three (Adjusted coefficient, 6.08; 95% CI, 2.04–10.13; p-value = 0.003), year four (Adjusted coefficient, 10.87; 95% CI, 6.91–14.84; p < 0.001) and year five (Adjusted coefficient, 8.61; 95% CI, 4.45–12.78; p < 0.001) were associated with a higher mean in total percentage score of knowledge on IPC compared to being in year one.

Conclusion

IPC knowledge was good among health professional students in Makerere University although more emphasis is needed to improve on their IPC knowledge in various sections like hand hygiene. Infection Prevention and Control courses can be taught to these students starting from their first year of university education.
Ion homeostasis and Na+ transport-related gene expression in two cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties under saline, alkaline and saline-alkaline stresses
Authors: Sun Jialin , Li Shuangnan , Guo Huijuan , Hou Zhenan
Published: August 2021

The sensitivity of cotton to salt stress depends on the genotypes and salt types. Understanding the mechanism of ion homeostasis under different salt stresses is necessary to improve cotton performance under saline conditions. A pot experiment using three salt stresses saline stress (NaCl+Na2SO4), alkaline stress (Na2CO3+NaHCO3), and saline-alkaline stress (NaCl+Na2SO4+Na2CO3+NaHCO3) and two cotton varieties (salt-tolerant variety L24 and salt-sensitive variety G1) was conducted. The growth, ion concentrations, and Na+transport-related gene expression in the cotton varieties were determined. The inhibitory effects of saline-alkaline stress on cotton growth were greater than that of either saline stress or alkaline stress alone. The root/shoot ratio under alkaline stress was significantly lower than that under saline stress. The salt-tolerant cotton variety had lower Na and higher K concentrations in the leaves, stems and roots than the salt-sensitive variety under different salt stresses. For the salt-sensitive cotton variety, saline stress significantly inhibited the absorption of P and the transport of P, K, and Mg, while alkaline stress and saline-alkaline stress significantly inhibited the uptake and transport of P, K, Ca, Mg, and Zn. Most of the elements in the salt-tolerant variety accumulated in the leaves and stems under different salt stresses. This indicated that the salt-tolerant variety had a stronger ion transport capacity than the salt-sensitive variety under saline conditions. Under alkaline stress and salt-alkaline stress, the relative expression levels of the genesGhSOS1,GhNHX1 andGhAKT1 in the salt-tolerant variety were significantly higher than that in the salt-sensitive variety. These results suggest that this salt-tolerant variety of cotton has an internal mechanism to maintain ionic homeostasis.
The price we pay for land: The political economy of Pukekohe’s development
Authors: Richardson Benjamin Felix
Published: August 2021

Like many other rapidly growing urban centres across the world, Auckland City finds itself caught between the unending demand for land to accommodate new residential and commercial developments, and the need to preserve the agricultural institutions that support dense urban populations. Land at the periphery of Auckland’s urban expansion has become significantly more lucrative when developed for housing and commercial interests than when used to grow food. The question of what farmers, residents, property developers and Council planners value land for is now crucial to preserving Auckland’s food security and food sovereignty in the near future. This article takes Pukekohe – an agricultural powerhouse and soon-to-be new satellite town at the southern periphery of urban Auckland – as a case study for this phenomenon. I first present a discourse analysis of development in government planning documents, demonstrating that discourses of flexible planning and economic opportunity enable the unchecked loss of productive land to ad hoc urban sprawl. I then turn to media interviews and statements from prominent Pukekohe stakeholders and relate their positions to Stephen Gudeman’s theory of the five spheres of economic abstraction, arguing that one’s working relationship to land defines the value it holds for them. Lastly, I take the conclusions drawn from these two approaches to discuss the political economy of Pukekohe’s urban development, detailing the ways in which the patterns of Auckland’s urban growth privilege the short-term generation of revenue over the substantial foundations of our existence. This contradiction has been faced by cities across the planet for much of the course of human history, yet it has never been more relevant than it is today, as the world’s urban population significantly increases and the realities of climate change force us to reconsider the future of global food production.
Pacific Women in Politics: Gender Quota Campaigns in the Pacific Islands, Kerryn Baker (2019)
Authors: Wilson John F.
Published: August 2021

Review of: Pacific Women in Politics: Gender Quota Campaigns in the Pacific Islands, Kerryn Baker (2019)

Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai‘i Press, 199 pp.,

ISBN 978 0 82487 259 5 (hbk), US$68
The Braided River: Migration and the Personal Essay, Diane Comer (2019)
Authors: Yiannoutsos Vicky
Published: August 2021

Review of: The Braided River: Migration and the Personal Essay, Diane Comer (2019)

Dunedin: Otago University Press, 304 pp.,

ISBN 978 1 98853 153 3 (pbk), NZ$35
Te Papa: Reinventing New Zealand’s National Museum 1998–2018, Conal McCarthy (2018)
Authors: Thode-Arora Hilke
Published: August 2021

Review of: Te Papa: Reinventing New Zealand’s National Museum 1998–2018, Conal McCarthy (2018)

Wellington: Te Papa Press, 256 pp.,

ISBN 978 0 99413 626 8 (pbk), NZ$44.99
Post Marks: The Way We Were – Early New Zealand Postcards, 1897–1922, Leo Haks, Colleen Dallimore and Alan Jackson (2015)
Authors: Mückler Hermann
Published: August 2021

Review of: Post Marks: The Way We Were – Early New Zealand Postcards, 1897–1922, Leo Haks, Colleen Dallimore and Alan Jackson (2015)

Auckland: Kowhai Media, 327 pp.,

ISBN 978 0 98765 466 3 (hbk), NZ$69.99
Overcoming linguistic barriers in Portuguese higher education: The case of international African students
Authors: Matias Ana Raquel , Pinto Paulo Feytor
Published: August 2021

This article reflects about the contextual and theoretical assumptions of the project ‘Trovoada de Ideias: Linguistic and social inclusion of students from Portuguese-speaking African countries in Portuguese higher education’, an ongoing action research on Portuguese academic language teaching involving students who speak different varieties of Portuguese. By adopting a multidimensional inclusion approach (simultaneously linguistic, cultural and social), the ultimate aim is to contribute to a deeper understanding of the factors of (in)comprehension between students fluent in different norms of Portuguese and the university host community in Portugal, and consequently, building a frame for improving higher education institutions responses to multicultural challenges implied in the social dynamics of language variation.
Gendered workplaces: Resistance, adaptation and agency in large legal firms – The perspectives of young lawyers1
Authors: Santos Susana
Published: August 2021

Gender inequality at work is a persistent and complex phenomenon. Taking the case of a small group of young lawyers working in large legal firms in Portugal, this article intends to discuss how gender inequality manifests and evolves from internship through first years of professional activity. Based on a data set of nineteen biographical interviews – ten male and nine female – we discuss the centrality of gender in analysing professional organizations, combining structural and actor perspectives. Female and male lawyers are confronted with a gendered organization with (in)visible gender lines that naturalize asymmetries of treatment, position, opportunities and expectations. Both learn how to adapt and invent strategies of resistance that include flexible professional projects.
Defective insulin maturation in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Huang Yumeng , Zhen Jinyang , Liu Tengli , Wang Jianyu , Li Na , Yang Jing , Liang Rui , Wang Shusen , Liu Ming
Published: August 2021

Objective

Progressive beta-cell dysfunction is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Increasing evidence indicates that over-stimulating proinsulin synthesis causes proinsulin misfolding and impairs insulin maturation and storage in db/db mice. However, defective insulin maturation in patients with T2D remains unknown.

Methods

We examined intra-islet and intra-cellular distributions of proinsulin and insulin and proinsulin to insulin ratio in the islets of patients with T2D. The expression of transcription factor NKX6.1 and dedifferentiation marker ALDH1A3, as well as glucagon, were detected by immunofluorescence.

Results

We identified a novel subgroup of beta cells expressing only proinsulin but not insulin. Importantly, significantly increased proinsulin positive and insulin negative (PI+/INS−) cells were evident in T2D, and this increase was strongly correlated with levels of hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) in T2D and prediabetes. The percentages of beta cells expressing prohormone convertase 1/3 and carboxypeptidase E were not reduced. Indeed, while proinsulin displayed a higher degree of co-localization with the golgi markers GM130/TGN46 in control beta cells, it appeared to be more diffused within the cytoplasm and less co-localized with GM130/TGN46 in PI+/INS− cells. Furthermore, the key functional transcription factor NKX6.1 markedly decreased in the islets of T2D, especially in the cells with PI+/INS−. The decreased NKX6.1+/PI+/INS+ was strongly correlated with levels of HbA1c in T2D. Almost all PI+/INS− cells showed absence of NKX6.1. Moreover, the percentages of PI+/INS− cells expressing ALDH1A3 were elevated along with an increased acquisition of glucagon immunostaining.

Conclusion

Our data demonstrate defective insulin maturation in patients with T2D.
Enhanced properties of single-layer particleboard made from oil palm empty fruit bunch fibre with additional water-soluble additives
Authors: Lee Chuan Li , Chin Kit Ling , H'ng Paik San , Khoo Pui San , Chuah Luqman Abdullah
Published: August 2021

The efficacy of additional water-soluble additives was studied relative to the physical and mechanical properties of particleboards produced from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). Polyethylene glycol, acrylamide, and acrylic resin were selected as water-soluble additives for use in the OPEFB particleboard production process. The effects of the three additives at two different concentrations (2% and 4% of dry OPEFB mass) on the particleboard properties were evaluated. Addition of water-soluble additives increased the performance of the OPEFB particleboard. The additive concentration has a significant effect on the properties of the particleboard. With the increase of additive concentration, the internal bonding and modulus of rupture value increased while the thickness swelling and water absorption decreased. Particleboards with an additional 4% of acrylamide or polyethylene glycol achieved the highest modulus of rupture (22 MPa), highest internal bonding strength (1 N/mm2), and lowest thickness swelling (9%). All the particleboards produced with 4% of water-soluble additive achieved the standard requirements of JIS A 5908:2003 for physical and mechanical properties.
Curing characterization of tannin-hexamine adhesive by automated bonding evaluation system, dielectric analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis
Authors: Saražin Jaša , Šega Bogdan , Šernek Milan
Published: August 2021

The characterization of the curing process allows the determination of the optimal pressing parameters, which is essential for the economical production of wood-based composites. In this study, an automated bonding evaluation system (ABES), dielectric analysis (DEA), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were used to determine the curing parameters of biobased pine tannin-hexamine adhesive at five temperatures ranging from 75 to 175 °C. This study aimed to compare the three above methods and to find correlations between them. All methods showed the same trend of the curing process, which became faster with increasing temperature. Due to various heating rates among the different methods, the curves representing the degree of cure were shifted to the left for the period in which nearly isothermal conditions were reached. It was determined that these methods could be mutually comparable. The ABES was regarded as the reference method; the DEA was regarded as a method that overestimates the curing process and that describes the beginning of the curing process more precisely; and the DMA method was regarded as a method that underestimates the curing process and that describes the end of the curing process more precisely. Linear trend lines were found between the observed methods.
A review on carbon reduction analysis during the design and manufacture of solid wood furniture
Authors: Wu Xinghuan , Zhu Jiangang , Wang Xu
Published: August 2021

Reducing carbon emissions is the direction various industries will head in the future. Solid wood furniture products that occupy important market shares have high carbon reduction potential. This article briefly describes the carbon footprint of the solid wood furniture production process. In addition, it analyzes the feasible carbon reduction technologies applicable during the design and manufacturing process through the potential emission reduction-oriented approach, ranging from the upstream raw materials to overall power consumption. The primary carbon reduction potential points entail the high efficiency and reuse of primary materials, the reduction of auxiliary materials, and the optimization of solid wood processing based on spraying and dust removal. In this study, the carbon reduction design of solid wood furniture primarily covers the design methods, material selection, structural design, and packaging design. The carbon reduction manufacturing technology was analyzed from a process, equipment, and management aspect. It is hoped that this study can provide a reference for the future strategic design of solid wood furniture companies, which will promote low-carbon development in the wood furniture industry.
Influence of selected storage temperatures on wood properties and its biological resistance after the use of methylxanthines
Authors: Kobetičová Klára , Böhm Martin , Nábělková Jana , Černý Robert
Published: August 2021

Methylxanthine’s fungicidal properties were investigated, with attention to the temperature of treatment. Caffeine and theophylline treatments of beech and spruce woods were applied for three months in the temperature range of -20 to 40 °C, simulating potential weather conditions in the European region and temperatures specific for various wood applications (cellars, wine cellars, room indoor temperatures, interior trusses). Effects of the selected temperatures were considered without the influence of the other possible factors, which have been considered in previous studies (e.g. effects of temperature in combination with other factors such as UV radiation, humidity, and chemical or biological degradation). Then, the specimens were exposed to a mix of molds and fungi for three months under controlled laboratory conditions in order to analyze a possible subsequent biological attack. The results did not show any effect of temperature of the methylxanthine treatment within the studied range on the organismal activity. Caffeine exhibited a better protective potential than theophylline and was more effective for spruce than for beech. The results indicated the suitability of caffeine for protection of spruce and spruce-based materials in interior applications at a stable temperature without significant effects of UV and humidity.
An Extragenital Colonic Salpingiosis
Authors: D'Ovidio Valeria , Maggi Daniela , Bruno Giovanni , Fratoni Stefano , Guazzaroni Marco
Published: August 2021

Endosalpingiosis is a rare condition characterized by the presence of benign fallopian tubal-like glandular epithelium derived from Mullerian ducts, usually affecting the serosal surfaces of the pelvis and peritoneum. It is histologically differentiated from endometriosis as endosalpingiosis lacks endometrial stroma. Endosalpingiosis tends to affect older women and has been associated with ovarian serous tumors of low malignant potential.

The extragenital endosalpingosis is typically without symptoms, reported only once as chronic pelvic pain. It rarely affects the appendix but can be mistaken for acute appendicitis or appendiceal tumors.

No reports of endoscopic findings have been never described. Its treatment is challenging and provides a multidisciplinary approach with gynecologist, surgeon and gastrointestinal endoscopist. Our case reports for the first time an endoscopic finding of colonic salpingiosis and it is challenging both for the diagnosis and for the treatment.
Quasi-averaged formulation of Stefan's linear problem in drying of cylindrical beam
Authors: Hayvas Bogdana , Dmytruk Veronika
Published: August 2021

In the process of drying of porous materials there is a moving surface separating the dried and wet areas in the body. This surface is a phase transition, which significantly depends on the properties of the material and the temperature, which is due to the external influence of the drying agent and is a function of coordinates and time, and the movement of boundaries is a consequence of phase transitions. The paper presents the properties of the material, namely: heat capacity, density, thermal conductivity coefficients to be the functions of the porosity of the material, densities and heat capacities of body components.
The problem of the partial delamination of the elastic interface thin inclusion in the conditions of longitudinal shear of the bimaterial
Authors: Piskozub Yosyf
Published: August 2021

The problem of longitudinal displacement of a bi -material with a thin inclusion of arbitrary physical and mechanical nature at the interface of the matrix materials is considered. The bulk is loaded by normal compression and various force factors in the longitudinal direction. The possibility of partial delamination of a part of the boundary between the inclusion and the matrix, where dry friction slip occurs, is assumed. A complete system of equations for the formulated problem is constructed. It is proposed to construct the solution using the structural modular method of jump functions, a description of which is given. A condition for the appearance of a slip zone on the inclusion-matrix boundary is founded. A convergent iterative algorithm for numerically analytical determination of the size of this zone is developed.
Specialized software for simulating the multiple control and modulations of human hemodynamics
Authors:   Institute of Software Systems NAS of Ukraine, Grygoryan R.D. , Yurchak O.I. ,   Institute of Software Systems NAS of Ukraine, Degoda A.G. ,   Institute of Software Systems NAS of Ukraine, Lyudovyk T.V. ,   Institute of Software Systems NAS of Ukraine
Published: August 2021

Most models of human hemodynamics describe only a small part of physiological mechanisms that directly or indirectly alter activities of the heart pump and vascular tones. Therefore, a very narrow range of tasks related to cardiovascular physiology can be solved using these models. To essentially widen this range, special software based on quantitative models of mechanisms providing the overall control of circulation is created. In the complex model, a multi-compartmental lumped parametric model of hemodynamics, provided under stable values of blood volume and cardiovascular parameters, forms the core model. It consists of two ventricles and 21 vascular compartments. Additional dynamic models represent mechanisms of mechanoreceptor reflexes, chemoreceptor reflexes, main effects of angiotensin-II, antidi uretic hormone, vasopressin, adrenalin, and cardiac or brain ischemia. The software has a physiologist-oriented user interface. It provides the investigator with multiple capabilities for simulating different states of each included mechanism. The interface also allows creating arbitrary combinations of the chosen mechanisms. In particular, the chosen model of these mechanisms is activated or deactivated via the user interface. The activated model modulates initial values of the core model. Special opportunities have been created for simulating different hypotheses concerning the etiology of arterial hypertension. Simulation results are presented with graphs. The user interface documents each simulation as a special file that can be saved for later independent analysis. The software, created in the frame of .NET technology, is an autonomous .EXE file for executing on PС. Software is also a good computer program to be used for educational purposes for illustrating the main physiological and certain pathological regularities to medical students.
Regular Intergeneric Hybridization of Leuciscine Cyprinids (Cyprinidae, Leuciscinae) in the Dnipro Affluant
Authors: Tsyba A. A. , Ghazali M. , Kokodiy S. V. , Mezhzherin S. V.
Published: August 2021

The large-scale hybridization of fishes of the subfamily Leuciscinae in the subordinate systems of the Dnipro River basin is presented by the data on two pairs of species, roach Rutilus rutilus × bream Abramis brama, and bleak Alburnus alburnus × rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus. The hybridization and occurrence of F1 hybrids are confirmed with allozyme spectra and morphological characters on series of samples. A complete morphometric analysis of the characteristics of bleak and rudd hybrids was performed. The paper discusses the intergeneric hybridization in nature, which is a unique phenomenon characteristic only of some groups of cyprinids. The most likely reason is the overestimation of the taxonomic status of European cyprinids, which is confirmed by the insignificant level of intergeneric genetic divergence.
Enhancing and Restricting Factors of Formal Voluntary Engagement in Tyrol and the Impact of the Pandemic
Authors: Ganner Julia , Kerschbaumer Lukas , Tanzer Christina
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The insurmountable tensions and turmoil caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in welfare systems worldwide demand governmental as well as non-governmental support, especially from the volunteer sector, which can be a powerful resource for mitigating the pandemic’s impacts. To identify ways of mobilising the enormous human resources of the baby boomer generation in particular, whose members are currently on the brink of entering retirement, the factors that have enabled and restricted volunteer management during the pandemic in Tyrol, Austria are examined.

Design/Method/Approach: Following a qualitative approach, the authors performed 27 problem-centred interviews with representative senior citizens, retirees and individuals about to retire and companies in Tyrol. The authors evaluated the data in qualitative content analysis.

Findings: Self-determination, time flexibility, acceptance of volunteer work in one’s social network and previous personal experience with volunteering are key determinants of sustainable volunteer work amongst retirees. Companies and a well-established acquisition management strategy also play a significant role in promoting volunteer work.

Practical Implications and Originality/Value: The study involves a holistic analysis of volunteer work at the individual and organisational levels. By capturing the potential of e-volunteering and how it improves the capacities of classic face-to-face volunteer work, it can support the development of more resilient infrastructures for supporting volunteer work.

Research Limitations/Future Research: The interpretation of visual and non-verbal signals was difficult due to the use of phone and online interviews, and the results should not be generalised. Even so, our findings pave the way for future studies on mechanisms determining virtual volunteering and volunteer management.

Paper type: Empirical
Моделювання первинної продукції компонентів надземної частини дерев сосни звичайної Східного Полісся України
Authors: Matushevych Liubov , Lakyda Petro
Published: August 2021

Первинну продукцію компонентів надземної фітомаси (стовбура і крони) оцінено для дерев сосни звичайної, які ростуть переважно у чистих та мішаних (домішка від 1 до 3 од.) соснових насадженнях штучного походження Східного Полісся України. Насадження високопродуктивні (II, I, Ia і вище класів бонітету), середньо- та високоповнотні, ростуть у свіжих борах (А2), суборах (B2) та сугрудах (C2). Використано дані 80 тимчасових пробних площ (ТПП), які закладено у соснових деревостанах Сумської (36 ТПП) та Чернігівської (44 ТПП) областей. Зрубано й обміряно 900 модельних дерев (МД) сосни звичайної, з яких 226 МД опрацьовано з пофракційним оцінюванням компонентів надземної фітомаси та 674 МД – без оцінювання фітомаси крони. Обмір моделей і розрахунки первинної продукції компонентів надземної фітомаси дерев сосни звичайної виконано за допомогою удосконалених загальноприйнятих методів та розробленого алгоритму.

Сукупність значень дослідного матеріалу характеризується їх нормальним розподілом за віком, діаметром, висотою дерев та відносною повнотою насаджень. Встановлено тісноту зв’язку між досліджуваними показниками модельних дерев сосни звичайної (від помірного – -0,31 < r < -0,50, до дуже високого – r > 0,91); слабкої тісноти зв'язок (0,11 < r < 0,30) виявлено між повнотою насаджень та часткою поточного об’ємного приросту з показниками компонентів фітомаси крони дерев.

Розраховано регресійні математичні моделі для оцінювання абсолютного та відносного поточного об’ємного приросту деревини стовбурів, об’єму кори стовбурів, маси деревини, кори гілок і маси хвої в абсолютно сухому стані, в яких аргументами є вік та діаметр дерев (R2 = 0,72-0,92). Для частки хвої 1-го року зв’язок з віком дерев обернений та помірний, але значущий на 5%-му рівні (R2 = 0,33).

Розроблені нормативні таблиці первинної стовбурової продукції деревини та первинної продукції надземної частини дерев сосни звичайної показали, що за однакового діаметра зі збільшенням віку дерев первинна продукція стовбурової деревини збільшується лише до певного віку, а досягнувши максимуму – зменшується. Зі збільшенням діаметра за однакового віку первинна продукція стовбурової деревини зростає. Первинна продукція надземної частини дерев, подібно до окремих компонентів надземної фітомаси, зі збільшенням віку та діаметра також збільшується. У типових лісорослинних умовах Східного Полісся середньовікове дерево (50 років) сосни звичайної в надземній частині може нагромаджувати 15,22 кг·рік-1 первинної продукції.
Розмірно-якісна структура стовбурів Quercus robur L. у деревостанах вегетативного походження Лівобережного Лісостепу України
Authors: Pasternak Volodymyr , Slysh Olexandr , Nazarenko Vitalii
Published: August 2021

Для досліджень розмірно-якісної структури деревини стовбурів Quercus robur L. використано дослідні дані, зібрані в деревостанах вегетативного походження Лівобережного Лісостепу на тимчасових пробних площах. Проаналізовано розподіл об'єму ділових стовбурів дуба звичайного за розмірно-якісними категоріями деревини залежно від діаметра, висоти та об'єму. Найтіснішу лінійну залежність від об'єму стовбура в корі виявлено для абсолютних значень об’єму ділової деревини. Пошук параметрів рівнянь виконано у MS Excel. Систематична похибка математичних моделей виходу ділової деревини становить 1,0%. Для отримання даних розподілу об'єму ділової деревини за класами товщини, передбачених ДСТУ 1315-1-2001, розроблено алгоритм умовного розкряжування модельних дерев, який базується на апроксимації твірної поверхні стовбура за допомогою математичної моделі функції Riemer–Gadow–Sloboda. Розмірну структуру ділової деревини узагальнено за методикою, що базується на встановленні закономірностей розподілу об'єму за класами товщини у відносних величинах. Виявлено тісну залежність (коефіцієнт детермінації моделей R2 = 0,68-0,82) відносних величин розмірної структури від діаметра модельних дерев на висоті 1,3 м. Порівняння поданих нормативів з даними розробки лісосік рубок головного користування 2019-2020 рр. показало, що характер розподілу деревини за класами товщини є подібним з незначними відхиленнями. Розроблені за новими стандартами таблиці забезпечують прогнозування розподілу об'єму ділової деревини ділових стовбурів дуба звичайного за класами товщини, за серединним діаметром лісоматеріалів без кори залежно від діаметра на висоті 1,3 м.
Construcciones estativas en un relato wayuu
Authors: Sabogal Valencia Andrés
Published: August 2021

Este artículo detalla las formas y funciones de las construcciones estativas del wayuunaiki según su frecuencia de uso en el «Relato de un hombre cuya mujer murió». Bajo construcciones estativas se agrupan los predicados verbales sin prefijo y los predicados no-verbales. En el relato, estas frecuentes construcciones definen a los participantes y su entorno espaciotemporal. Las funciones establecidas en el presente estudio son identificatoria, categorizante, presencial, cualitativa, cuantitativa, configurativa y citativa. Entre las raíces más usadas, se destacan los verbos «ma-» ‘ser así’, «ma-» ‘decir así’, y «anuu» ‘aquí está ella/ello’, y los pronombres indefinidos como «jama» ‘qué pasa’ y personales como «jia» ‘ella, ello’. Al presentar ejemplos literarios para modelar las estructuras morfosintácticas teniendo en cuenta la frecuencia de uso, este estudio busca aportar una descripción gramatical con implicaciones en el ordenamiento del aprendizaje y la enseñanza de conceptos del wayuunaiki.
Promoting Spanish Language in the Philippines: Politics, Representations, and Discourses
Authors: Díaz Rodríguez José Miguel
Published: August 2021

Over 150 languages are spoken in the Philippines. Considering that only English and Filipino are the official national languages, this is a contentious arena in the Philippines. In this context, the Spanish government has been promoting the Spanish language, adding another layer of political meaning, bringing to the present some of the old colonial discourses. This article explores Spain’s promotion of the Spanish language in the Philippines. Following a semiotic approach, it analyses Spanish official discourses on language and the way that they are represented in several Spanish official exhibitions about the Philippines. This work argues that the Spanish language is portrayed in terms of symbolic power. Furthermore, focusing on Pierre Bourdieu´s concepts, the politics of the Spanish language promotion are analysed in the midst of those language policies at play in the Philippines.
Revisión de la pertinencia de la educación universitaria en terapia física y deportiva en México
Authors: Enríquez Reyna María Cristina , Bautista Daniel Carranza
Published: August 2021

En México existe una gran cantidad de personas que sufre de discapacidad y lesiones que no son tratadas adecuadamente ni se les da el seguimiento a falta de difusión de programas, proyectos y alternativas de atención que contribuyan a la continuidad del tratamiento y proceso de recuperación a través de la rehabilitación física. La formación universitaria específica en el área de la terapia física y deportiva está encaminada para mejorar los procesos de recuperación física funcional a través del apoyo hacia la adherencia a la práctica deportiva recreativa o competitiva. Se presenta una revisión narrativa sobre la pertinencia de la educación universitaria en terapia física y deportiva en México con énfasis en el campo laboral y el enfoque socioeconómico. Se analizan de forma crítica reportes sobre tres constructos: pertinencia social, oferta educativa y pertinencia socioeconómica. Se identifica una oferta educativa insuficiente, con un campo laboral muy amplio que incluye desde la afiliación a instituciones de salud hasta el emprendimiento de labores independiente lo que incide en bajas tasas de desempleo reportadas en los egresados. El salario mensual de los profesionistas de la fisioterapia resulta ser superior al promedio nacional. Dadas las condiciones nacionales al respecto de la formación profesional, la educación universitaria en terapia física y deportiva representa un área de oportunidad para las instituciones educativas del país y una opción redituable para los interesados en incursionar en este tipo de ámbitos.
Is educational wellbeing associated with grade repetition and school dropout rates among Indian students? Evidence from a panel study
Authors: Ronak Paul , Rashmi
Published: August 2021

Despite the Indian government’s continuing efforts to encourage children to attend school, levels of educational wellbeing among some groups of children during their elementary schooling remain low. High school dropout and grade repetition rates are among the negative and deleterious outcomes of poor educational wellbeing in children that are rarely discussed as policy issues. Using the panel dataset of the India Human Development Survey (IHDS) conducted in 2005 and 2012, this study explores the effects of educational wellbeing on children’s later educational outcomes, as measured by their school dropout and grade repetition rates. Variation in the educational outcomes of children across states was also examined. The results show that the children whose educational wellbeing index was below average during their elementary schooling were more likely to drop out of school or repeat a grade in early adolescence. For policymakers, this study highlights that the experiences of children during their elementary schooling merit more attention.