bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Chemistry of Tetrafluoroallene: One‐pot Synthesis of Trifluoromethylindolizines from 1, 3‐Diiodo‐1, 1, 3, 3‐tetrafluoropropane by 1, 3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition
Authors: Xiao Ji‐Chang , Chen Qing‐Yun
Published: September 2010

Heating a mixture of 1, 3‐diiodo‐1, 1,3, 3‐tetrafluoropropane (2), K2CO3, pyridinium bromides (3) in CH3CN at 65°C for 10 h gives the corresponding trifluoromethylindolizines.
Molecular Recognition of Bases and Nucleosides by Mono‐substituted Mononuclear Complexes of 1, 4, 7, 10‐Tetraaza‐cyclododecane
Authors: Xiang Qing‐Xian , Yu Xiao‐Qi , Wu Jiang , Liu Pei‐Yan , Xia Chuan‐Qin , Xie Ru‐Gang
Published: September 2010

The mononuclear macrocyclic polyamine metal complexes 5a—5e have been shown to form stable 1:1 complexes with bases and nucleosides. Their binding constants (K) were determined by UV‐visible spectrometric titration. The results show that recognition ability of the complexes 5a—5e for uracil, U (Uridine), dT (Thymidine) is higher than that for the other bases or nucleosides (such as Cytidine, Guanosine, Adenosine). The metal ion also plays an important role for the recognition ability of complexes.
Electrochemical reduction of benzoylformic acid in ionic liquid
Authors: Lu Jia‐Xing , Sun Qian , He Ming‐Yuan
Published: September 2010

Ionic liquids possess a number of unique properties that make them ideal electrolytes. Electrochemical reduction of benzoylformic acid in room temperature ionic liquids as reaction media could be conducted with excellent performances without any additional supporting electrolyte. Electrolysis at glassy carbon electrode results in the formation of mandelic acid in 91% yield. And the electrochemical behavior of benzoylformic acid was investigated with the technique of cyclic voltammetry.
Asymmetric synthesis of(‐)‐(2R,3R,6S)‐irnigaine
Authors: Ma Nan , Ma Da‐Wei
Published: September 2010

Asymmetric synthesis of irnigaine was achieved starting from an enantiopure β‐amino ester 5 using the condensation of amino alcohol 2 with acetylacetone and the subsequent intramolecular cyclization as the key steps.
Preparation, Crystal Structure and Properties of a Pentametallic 3‐Ferrocenyl‐2‐crotonic acid‐Bridged Copper (II) Complex
Authors: Yang Jia‐Xiang , Zhang Ze , Wu Jie‐Ying , Tian Yu‐Peng , Liu Qing‐Liang , Fun Hoong Kun , Usman Anwar , Xu Zbi‐Qiang , Thompson Laurence K.
Published: September 2010

The synthesis and characterization of the copper (II) complex [Cu2(OOCCH = C(CH3)Fc)3(phen)2]CIO4· 2H2O (1) are reported. The structure of the complex was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space groupPc, with Z =2,a= 1.2799(4) nm,b=0.9969 (4) nm,c= 2.5228 nm, and β = 91.576 (1) °. The cationic part of 1 indicates a penametallic core in which three 3‐ferrocenyl‐2‐crotonic acid salt (FCA) groups act as (O, O') bridging ligands between two copper (II) ions with a square‐pyramidal environment. Cyclic voltammetric experiments in acetonitrile have been performed mainly to examine the Fe(II) → Fe(III) one‐electron oxidation in FCA and its complex. The variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed very weak intramolecular anti‐ferromagnetic coupling. Fitting parameters are 2J= ‐0.2 cm−1,g= 2.114, and θ = 0K.
Second‐order Nonlinear Optical Properties of a Series of Azulene Derivatives
Authors: Zhou Xin , Ren Ai‐Min , Feng Ji‐Kang , Liu Xiao‐Juan , Shu Chia‐Chen
Published: September 2010

The first hyperpolarizabilities of a series of novel azulenic‐barbituric acid chromophores have been studied by using 12 excitation wavelengths, ranging from 900 to 1907 nm. The dispersion relation of the first hyperpolarizabilities of chromophors holds the same tendency as the experimental results. In addition. the static first hyperpolarizability β0 of molecules was calculated by means of the Sum‐Over‐States (SOS) expression and the two‐level formula respectively. The results show that these molecules possess large static fast hyperpolarizabilities and the β0 value increases as the donor or acceptor strength enhances; the distorted degree of molecules has also an important influence on the β0 value.
Electrochemical Performance of PEO10LiX‐Li2TiO3 Composite Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Lu Mi , Shi Peng‐Fei
Published: September 2010

The conductivities of polyethylene oxide (PEO)‐based polymer electrolytes (PE) can be improved by the addition of inorganic inert powder. The composite polymer electrolytes (CPE) PEO10LiX (X = ClO−4 or N(CF3SO2 )2 )‐Li2TiO3 were prepared by solution casting with inorganic solid electrolyte Li2liO3 powder as a filler. Results showed that the conductivities of PEO10LiClO4‐‐3wt% Li2TiO3 and PEO10LiN(CF3SO2)2‐10wt% Li2TiO3 at 30 °C were 8.6×10−‐6 and 5.6×10−‐5 S·cm−l, respectively. The conductivities of CPE increased with the decrease of filler's particle size. The ionic conduction mechanism analysis showed that there may be thee conduction routes in the CPE. i.e., PEO bulk, polymer‐filler interface and Li2TiO3 crystal.
Palladium Catalyzed Suzuki Cross‐coupling Reaction in Molten Tetra‐r)‐butylammonium Bromide
Authors: Zou Yue , Wang Quan‐Rui , Tao Feng‐Gang , Ding Zong‐Biao
Published: September 2010

A practical procedure for palladium catalyzed Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction of arylboronic acids with aryl halides, including aryl chlorides in molten tetra‐n‐butylammonium bromide (TBAB) was developed. The reaction exhibits high efficiency and functional group tolerance. The recovery of the catalyst and molten n‐Bu4NBr was also investigated.
Catalytic Enantioselective Reduction of Prochiral Ketones with Chiral Ferrocenyl Amino Alcohols
Authors: Chen Wei‐Yi , Lu Jun , Shen Zong‐Xuan , Zhang Ya‐Wen
Published: September 2010

The asymmetric reduction of prochiral ketones was catalyzed by a class of recoverable and highly stable chiral ferrocenyl amino alcohols derived from natural amino acids to yield optically active secondary alcohols in high chemical yields and moderate to good enantiomeric excesses.
Dramatic Substituent Effect on the CCL‐catalyzed Kinetic Resolution of 1‐Aryl‐2, 3‐allenols
Authors: Xu Dai‐Wang , Li Zu‐Yi , Ma Sheng‐Ming
Published: September 2010

Optically active I‐aryl‐2.3‐allenols were obtained via CCL‐mediated kinetic resolution of the racemic allenols. The substitution pattern of the aromatic rhg. regarding to both the type of the substituent and its position on the aromatic ring, was found to be critical for the kinetic resolution of l‐aryl‐2, 3‐allenols.
Unusual luminescence of Ca8[Al12O24](WO4)2: Tb3+
Authors: Liu Sheng‐Li , Su Qiang
Published: September 2010

The luminescence properties of aluminate sodalite Ca8[Al12O24](WO4)2(CAW) un doped and doped with Tb3+are reported and discussed. At morn temperature the emission of tetrahedral WO42‐in CAW showed an abnormally small Stokes shift (9060 cm−1), which is related to the crystal structure of CAW. A strong absorption band in the excitation spectrum of the Tb3+‐activated CAW is ascribed to the absorption of the charge transfer state Tb4+‐W5+, into which the excitation resulted in the efficient emission from the5D4level of Tb3+, but not from the5D3level.
Preparation of luminol‐doped nanoparticle and its application in DNA hybridization analysis
Authors: Qian Ke‐Jun , Zhang Ling , Yang Min‐Li , He Pin‐Gang , Fang Yu‐Zhi
Published: September 2010

The dye‐doped silica nanoparticles can be used as nanobiosensors that are able to recognize and detect specific DNA sequence. In his paper, spherical nanosized luminol/SiO2 composite particles have been synthesized with reverse micells via hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in the microemulsion. The nanoparticles were modified with chitosan and used to label DNA, forming the DNA probe which was used to hybridize with target DNA immobilized on a PPy modified Pt electrode. The hybridization events were evaluated by electro generated chemiluminescence's (ECL) measurements and only the complementary sequence could form a double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) with DNA probe and give strong ECL signals. A three base mismatch sequence and a non‐complementary sequence had almost negligible responses. Due to the large number of luminol molecules inside silica nanoparticles, the assay allows detection at levels as low as 2.0×10−12 mol/L of the target DNA. The intensity of ECL was linearly related to the concentration of the complementary sequence in the range of 5.0×10−12‐1.0×10−9 mol/L.
Synthesis of fullerene‐acrylamide copolymer nanoball and its lubrication properties
Authors: Jiang Gui‐Chang , Guan Wen‐Chao , Zheng Qi‐Xin
Published: September 2010

A novel fullerene‐acrylamide copolymer was synthesized via radical polymerization. It is soluble in polar solvents such as water, dimethyl sulfoxide etc. The product was characterized by FTIR, UV‐Vis and GPC. TEM analysis shows that the average particle diameter is about 46 nm. Four‐ball tests show that the addition of a certain concentration of the fullerene copolymer to base stock (2 wt% triethanolamine and 0.5 wt% OPZ aqueous solution) can effectively raise the load‐carrying capacity (Pb value) and the antiwear ability. SEM analysis shows that the addition results in reducing diameter of wear scar and decreasing wear.
Coupling reaction of organoboronic acids with chloropyrimidines and trichlorotriazine
Authors: Tan Jiu‐Qing , Chang Jian‐Hua , Deng Min‐Zhi
Published: September 2010

Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions of chloropyrimidines with alkenylboronic acids readily proceed to give the corresponding alkenylpyrimidines in high to excellent yields. The coupling reaction of 2,4‐dichloropyrimidine or 2,4,6‐trichloropyrimidine with one equivalent of alkenylboronic acid occurred more easily on 4‐position than on 2‐position, which implied that the reaction is highly regioselective. The reaction is stereospecific since the configuration of C=C remained intact. The preliminary study on the cross‐coupling reactions of 2,4,6‐trichlorotriazine with one equivalent of arylboronic acids showed that the reactions afforded the monosubstituted triazines in moderate yields. The effect of steric hindrance of the substitutents on the reactions was found.
CO2as both a selective agent and reaction media in palladium‐catalyzed reductive Ullmann‐type coupling reaction
Authors: Li Jin‐Heng , Xie Ye‐Xiang
Published: September 2010

Carbon dioxide as both a selective agent and reaction media in the palladium‐catalyzed Ullmann‐type coupling has been described. The results showed that aryl chlorides could be easily activated in the presence of carbon dioxide and the chemoselectivity shifted toward the palladium‐catalyzed Ullmann‐type coupling reaction. In liquid carbon dioxide, homocoupling reactions of aryl halides, including less reactive aryl chlorides, were carried out smoothly in moderate to good yields using Pd/C, zinc, and H2O as the catalytic system at room temperature.
Enantioseparation of novel chiral tetrahedral clusters on an amylose tris‐(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase by normal phase HPLC
Authors: Li Wen‐Zhi , Wang Xia , Zhang Wei‐Qiang , Li‐Ren Chen , Li Yong‐Min , Ma Chun‐Lin , Yin Yuan‐Qi
Published: September 2010

Amylose tris(3,5‐dimethylphenylcamate) (ADMPC) coated on a kind of small particle silica gel was prepared. On this ADMPC chiral stationary phase (CSP), the direct enantiomeric separation of six novel chiral transition metal tetrahedral clusters has firstly been achieved using n‐hexane as the mobile phase containing various alcohols as modifiers. The effect of mobile phase modifiers and the structural variation of the solutes on their retention factors (k) and resolutions (Rs) were investigated. The result suggests that not only the structure and concentration of alcohol in mobile phase, but also the structural differences in racemates can have a pronounced effect on enantiomeric separation. ADMPC‐CSP is a suitable CSP for the optical resolution of chiral tetrahedral cluster by HPLC.
Studies on the interaction between rutin and DNA in the absence and presence of β‐cyclodextrin by electrochemical and spectroscopic methods
Authors: Yang Gong‐Jun , Xu Jing‐Juan , Chen Hong‐Yuan , Leng Zong‐Zhou
Published: September 2010

The interactions between rutin or the inclusion complex of rutin‐β‐cyclodextrin and DNA were investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry, UV‐vis absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence emission spectroscopy. The apparent binding constant of rutin with DNA is found to be 2.9 × 104 L/mol. The results showed that the benzopyranic‐4‐one plane of rutin mainly intercalated into DNA in the absence of β‐cyclodextrin, while the catecholic portion of rutin was located in the double helix of DNA in the presence of β‐cyclodextrin.
Spectroscopy investigation on conformational transition of tea glycoconjugate from green tea
Authors: Chen Hai‐Xia , Zhang Min , Xie Bi‐Jun
Published: September 2010

The conformational transition of a new glycoconjugate, tea glycoconjugate (TGC), was investigated by spectroscopy techniques including circular dichroism (CD) and ultraviolet (UN) spectroscopy. The solution behaviors of TGC in the mediums of different temperature, pH value, and ions were compared. Results showed that the native conformation of TGC was partially ordered. The CD value and UV absorbance of TGC altered with the change of pH value, temperature, the addition of ions, and also accompanied order‐disorder transition. Especially the conditions with temperature higher than the glass transition temperature (Tg=62°C), higher pH value or lower pH value will have the most impact on the conformation of TGC, which will destroy the hydrogen bonds between the TGC molecules. The results indicated that the outside factors play important roles on the stability of the conformation of TGC.
Socioeconomic factors associated with adjuvant hormone therapy use in older breast cancer survivors
Authors: Yen Tina W. F. , Czypinski Linda K. , Sparapani Rodney A. , Guo Changbin , Laud Purushottam W. , Pezzin Liliana E. , Nattinger Ann B.
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND:

The authors sought to identify socioeconomic (SES) factors associated with adjuvant hormone therapy (HT) use among a contemporary population of older breast cancer survivors.

METHODS:

Telephone surveys were conducted among women (ages 65‐89 years) residing in 4 states (California, Florida, Illinois, and New York) who underwent initial breast cancer surgery in 2003. Demographic, SES, and treatment information was collected.

RESULTS:

Of 2191 women, 67% received adjuvant HT with either tamoxifen or an aromatase inhibitor (AI); 71% of those women were on an AI. When adjusting for multiple demographic and SES factors, predictors of HT use were better education (high school degree or higher), better informational/emotional support, and younger age (ages 65‐79 years). Race/ethnicity, income, and insurance coverage for medication costs were not associated with receiving HT. For those on HT, when adjusting for all other factors, women were more likely to receive an AI if they had insurance coverage for some or all medication costs, if they were wealthier, if they had better informational/emotional support, and if they were younger (ages 65‐69 years).

CONCLUSIONS:

The majority of older women in this population‐based cohort received adjuvant HT, and the adoption of AIs was early. The results indicted that providers should be aware that a woman's education level and support system influence her decision to take HT. Given the high cost of AIs, their benefits in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor‐positive breast cancer, and the current finding that women with no insurance coverage for medication costs were significantly less likely to receive an AI, we recommend that policymakers address this issue. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
L‐asparaginase treatment in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Pieters Rob , Hunger Stephen P. , Boos Joachim , Rizzari Carmelo , Silverman Lewis , Baruchel Andre , Goekbuget Nicola , Schrappe Martin , Pui Ching‐Hon
Published: September 2010

Asparaginases are a cornerstone of treatment protocols for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and are used for remission induction and intensification treatment in all pediatric regimens and in the majority of adult treatment protocols. Extensive clinical data have shown that intensive asparaginase treatment improves clinical outcomes in childhood ALL. Three asparaginase preparations are available: the native asparaginase derived from Escherichia coli (E. coli asparaginase), a pegylated form of this enzyme (PEG‐asparaginase), and a product isolated from Erwinia chrysanthemi, ie, Erwinia asparaginase. Clinical hypersensitivity reactions and silent inactivation due to antibodies against E. coli asparaginase, lead to inactivation of E. coli asparaginase in up to 60% of cases. Current treatment protocols include E. coli asparaginase or PEG‐asparaginase for first‐line treatment of ALL. Typically, patients exhibiting sensitivity to one formulation of asparaginase are switched to another to ensure they receive the most efficacious treatment regimen possible. Erwinia asparaginase is used as a second‐ or third‐line treatment in European and US protocols. Despite the universal inclusion of asparaginase in such treatment protocols, debate on the optimal formulation and dosage of these agents continues. This article provides an overview of available evidence for optimal use of Erwinia asparaginase in the treatment of ALL. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Gene therapy and enhancement for diabetes (and other diseases): the multiplicity of considerations
Authors: Bertolaso Marta , Olsson Jenny , Picardi Antonio , Rakela Jorge
Published: September 2010

Gene therapy has reached the forefront of studies and research over the last 30 years because of its potential for curing, treating, and preventing diseases associated with DNA mutations. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are two examples of very common polygenic and multifactorial diseases. The huge amount of scientific literature on this topic reflects a growing general interest in the possibilities of altering our genetic heritage and thus controlling the onset of diseases associated with mutations and relative risk factors. We have focussed on the new treatment opportunities and possibility of enhancing an individual's health, physical well‐being, and even an individual's behaviour through technologies specially designed for therapeutic purposes, which have been presented in literature. This historical perspective shows how this type of research, however, was immediately subjected to an ethical evaluation, especially regarding the decoding of the human genome and the questions raised by the alteration of our genetic heritage through new biotechnologies. Moreover, understanding the limitations of gene therapy protocol experiments and the multifactorial nature of many diseases, which have a genetic base, also contributes to these considerations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermooxidative stability of vegetable oils refined by steam vacuum distillation and by molecular distillation
Authors: Šimon Peter , Cvengroš Ján
Published: September 2010

Semi‐refined rapeseed and sunflower oils after degumming and bleaching were refined by deodorization and deacidification in two ways, i.e., by steam vacuum distillation in the deodorization column Lurgi and by molecular distillation in the wiped‐film evaporator. The oxidative stability of the oils before and after the physical refining has been evaluated using non‐isothermal differential scanning calorimetry. Treatment of the experimental data was carried out by applying a new method based on a non‐Arrhenian temperature function. The results reveal that refining by molecular distillation leads to lower oxidative stability of the oils than refining by steam vacuum distillation.

Practical applications: (i) A method for the refining of edible oils by the molecular distillation in the wiped film of a short‐path evaporator is presented and applied. (ii) Oxidative stability of the oils refined by molecular distillation and steam vacuum distillation is compared. It has been found that refining by molecular distillation leads to lower oxidative stability of the oils than refining by steam vacuum distillation. (iii) Experimental data were treated by applying a new method based on a non‐Arrhenian temperature function. The method enables trustworthy predictions of oil stabilities for the application temperatures.
Protecting‐Group Directed Stereoselective Intramolecular Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi Reaction: A Concise and Efficient Total Synthesis of Amphidinolactone A (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 25/2010)
Authors: Mohapatra Debendra K. , Das Pragna P. , Pattanayak Manas R. , Gayatri Gaddamanugu , Sastry G. Narahari , Yadav J. S.
Published: September 2010

The cover picture shows shows how a bulky protecting group directs the intramolecular Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi reaction to afford exclusively one stereoisomer, whereas a small protecting group directs the reaction to afford both anti and syn isomers in a 2:1 ratio. Details are discussed in the article by D. K. Mohapatra, J. S. Yadav et al. on p. 4775 ff.
The Influence of the Cathodic Pretreatment on the Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine by Poly(1‐aminoanthracene) Modified Electrode
Authors: de Pieri Troiani Estela , Faria Ronaldo Censi
Published: September 2010

In this study we demonstrated the influence of the cathodic pretreatment of poly(1‐aminoanthracene) (PAA) electropolymerized on a platinum electrode for determination of dopamine (DA). The DA electrochemical response was obtained after a cathodic pretreatment of the PAA electrode which consisted of applying a potential of −0.7 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) for 3 s before each measurement. The pretreatment of the electrode changed the PAA electrocatalytic properties so that the electrode began to present electrochemical response to DA without interference of ascorbic acid (AA). The anodic peak currents determined by differential pulse voltammetry using pretreated PAA showed a linear dependence on the DA concentration from 0.56 to 100 µM with a detection limit of 0.13 µM and a correlation coefficient of 0.9986. The electrode exhibits a relative standard deviation of 1.2 % for ten successive measurements of a 0.5 mM DA solution. The analysis by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy show a homogeneous and nanostructured film with globular structures with diameter of about 20 nm. The analytical results obtained for DA determination at a pretreated PAA electrode in pharmaceutical formulation sample were in good agreement with those obtained by a comparative procedure at a 95 % confidence level. PAA electrode after the pretreatment showed electrochemical responses to DA with excellent selectivity, sensitivity, and high stability without interference of AA.
Modeling strength degradation in lead–rubber bearings under earthquake shaking
Authors: Kalpakidis Ioannis V. , Constantinou Michael C. , Whittaker Andrew S.
Published: September 2010

Lead–rubber bearings are seismic isolators that have been used extensively to protect buildings, bridges and mission‐critical infrastructure from the damaging effects of earthquake shaking. Under large‐displacement cyclic motion, the strength of a lead–rubber bearing reduces due to energy dissipation and the resultant heating of the lead core. This paper proposes a method to incorporate strength degradation due to lead core heating in modeling the hysteretic behavior of lead–rubber bearings. The validity of the proposed model is investigated through comparing numerical and experimental results. The model is used to examine the effects of lead core heating on the dynamic response of an isolated structure. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nasal morbidity following endoscopic skull base surgery: A prospective cohort study
Authors: de Almeida John R. , Snyderman Carl H. , Gardner Paul A. , Carrau Ricardo L. , Vescan Allan D.
Published: September 2010

Background.

Nasal morbidity following skull base surgery necessitates follow‐up for postoperative care. We describe nasal morbidity following endoscopic skull base surgery.

Methods.

Patient and operative data and postoperative subjective and objective measures of morbidity were prospectively collected for 1 year. Time to absence of crusting and remucosalization were determined. Risk factor analyses for crusting and nasal discharge were performed.

Results.

Nasal crusting (98%) and discharge (46%) were the most common postoperative symptoms. Median time to absence of crusting was 101.0 days, with longer times for complex cases (p = .033) but not for patients with septal flaps or fat grafts. Median time to remucosalization after nasoseptal flap was 89.0 days. There were no risk factors for crusting, although surgical complexity was a risk factor for postoperative discharge (odds ratio [OR] = 5.17).

Conclusions.

Nasal morbidity following endoscopic skull base surgery is common and may be affected by surgical complexity and use of the nasoseptal flap. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Exercise increases insulin signaling in the hippocampus: Physiological effects and pharmacological impact of intracerebroventricular insulin administration in mice
Authors: Muller Alexandre P. , Gnoatto Jussânia , Moreira Julia D. , Zimmer Eduardo R. , Haas Clarissa B. , Lulhier Francisco , Perry Marcos L.S. , Souza Diogo O. , Torres‐Aleman Ignácio , Portela Luis V.
Published: September 2010

Increasing evidence indicates that physical exercise induces adaptations at the cellular, molecular, and systemic levels that positively affect the brain. Insulin plays important functional roles within the brain that are mediated by insulin‐receptor (IR) signaling. In the hippocampus, insulin improves synaptic plasticity, memory formation, and learning via direct modulation of GABAergic and glutamatergic receptors. Separately, physical exercise and central insulin administration exert relevant roles in cognitive function. We here use CF1 mice to investigate (i) the effects of voluntary exercise on hippocampal insulin signaling and memory performance and (ii) whether central insulin administration alters the effects of exercise on hippocampal insulin signaling and memory performance. Adult mice performed 30 days of voluntary exercise on running wheel and afterward both, sedentary and exercised groups, received intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of saline or insulin (0.5–5 mU). Memory performance was assessed using the inhibitory avoidance and water maze tasks. Hippocampal tissue was measured for [U‐14C] glucose oxidation and the immunocontent of insulin receptor/signaling (IR, pTyr, pAktser473). Additionally, the phosphorylation of the glutamate NMDA receptor NR2B subunit and the capacity of glutamate uptake were measured, and immunohistochemistry was used to determine glial reactivity. Exercise significantly increased insulin peripheral sensitivity, spatial learning, and hippocampal IR/pTyrIR/pAktser473 immunocontent. Glucose oxidation, glutamate uptake, and astrocyte number also increased relative to the sedentary group. In both memory tasks, 5 mU icv insulin produced amnesia but only in exercised animals. This amnesia was associated a rapid (15 min) and persistent (24 h) increase in hippocampal pNR2B immunocontent that paralleled the increase in glial reactivity. In conclusion, physical exercise thus increased hippocampal insulin signaling and improved water maze performance. Overstimulation of insulin signaling in exercised animals, however, via icv administration impaired behavioral performance. This effect was likely the result of aberrant phosphorylation of the NR2B subunit. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Infants' use of material properties to guide their actions with differently weighted objects
Authors: Paulus Markus , Hauf Petra
Published: September 2010

Two studies with 9‐, 11‐ and 13‐month‐old infants were conducted to investigate infants' ability to use an object's material properties to guide their object‐directed actions. In study 1, 9‐ and 11‐month‐old infants played in an exploration phase with two objects made of different materials, one very heavy and the other one light and playable. Subsequently, when given the choice between both objects in a preferential reaching task, only the 11‐month‐olds' used the object's material information to remember and choose the lighter object. In study 2, 11‐ and 13‐month‐old infants underwent the same exploration phase. In the test phase, novel objects made of the same materials were offered. The 13‐ but not the 11‐month‐olds chose the objects made from the same material as the lighter object in the exploration phase. Additionally, infants' performances in the reaching task were positively correlated with their exploratory behaviour during the exploration phase. Altogether, the studies show a developmental progression in the use of an object's material information to guide infants' action. The results are discussed in respect to infants' perception of object properties and their implications for the development of physical knowledge. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retracted: Restoring sensitivity to oxaliplatin by a novel approach in gemcitabine‐resistant pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Banerjee Sanjeev , Kong Dejuan , Azmi Asfar S. , Wang Zhiwei , Ahmad Aamir , Sethi Seema , Sarkar Fazlul H.
Published: September 2010

This article has been retracted at the request of: Editor‐in‐Chief and Co‐author

‘Restoring sensitivity to oxaliplatin by a novel approach in gemcitabine‐resistant pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo’ by Banerjee, S., Kong, D., Azmi, A. S., Wang, Z., Ahmad, A., Sethi, S. and Sarkar, F. H.

The above article, published online on 16 November 2010, in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor‐in‐Chief, Professor Peter Lichter, and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. A university investigation involving the first and corresponding author determined that several figures in this paper were mislabeled, manipulated, or duplicated and relabeled while processing/compiling the final figures assembled from the original data sources. Therefore, the authors are retracting the paper in its entirety although they maintain that these issues did not affect the major conclusions. They apologize for any inconvenience this may have caused.

Reference

Banerjee, S., Kong, D., Azmi, A. S., Wang, Z., Ahmad, A., Sethi, S. and Sarkar, F. H. (2011), Restoring sensitivity to oxaliplatin by a novel approach in gemcitabine‐resistant pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Int. J. Cancer, 128: 1240–1250. doi: 10.1002/ijc.25658
Superconformal Electrodeposition for 3‐Dimensional Interconnects
Authors: Moffat Thomas P. , Josell Daniel
Published: September 2010

Electrodeposition is a key fabrication process used in the state‐of‐the‐art multilevel Cu metallization of microelectronic interconnects, from transistor to circuit board length scale. Recent electrochemical surface science and feature filling studies have provided mechanistic insight into the role of additives in superconformal film growth responsible for void‐free filling of recessed surface features. These studies have shown that a physical model based on mass conservation of accelerating surfactant species during area change very effectively describes feature filling of Cu, Ag, and Au from different electrolytes. This paper presents a selective and cursory review of some relevant developments underway in our laboratory.
Two‐photon microscopy of healthy, infarcted and stem‐cell treated regenerating heart
Authors: Wallenburg Marika A. , Wu Jun , Li Ren‐Ke , Vitkin I. Alex
Published: September 2010

Two‐photon excitation autofluorescence (produced in myocytes) and second‐harmonic generation (produced mainly by collagen) allow label‐free visualization of these two important components of myocardium. Because of their different emission wavelengths, these two signals can be separated spectrally. Here, we examine two‐photon microscopy images of healthy, infarcted and stem‐cell treated rat hearts. We find that in infarcted heart, regions distant from the site of infarct are similar to healthy tissue in composition (mostly myocytes, very little collagen) and organization (densely packed myocytes), but infarct regions are characterized by sparse myocytes and high collagen content indicative of scar tissue formation. Stem cell treated hearts, in contrast, show regions of intertwined myocytes and collagen throughout the infarct, suggesting reduced tissue damage. Finally, these results offer interesting insights into our ongoing polarized light studies of cardiac tissue anisotropy, and reveal that both tissue composition and tissue micro‐organization are reflected in polarization‐measured linear retardance values. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
White‐collar crime: A due diligence issue in India
Authors: Ralph Byington J. , Ann McGee Jo
Published: September 2010

India is one of the most attractive targets for mergers and acquisitions (M&As), second only to China. But it is also one of the riskiest locations for that kind of investment. One part of that risk is white‐collar crime (WCC), which continues to grow worldwide at an incredible rate. It is a plague that affects all countries‐and India is no exception.

But how pervasive is WCC in India? What forms does it take? And what due diligence measures must U.S. companies take if they want to do business there? © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effectiveness of a course designed to teach handoffs to medical students
Authors: Chu Eugene S. , Reid Mark , Burden Marisha , Mancini Diana , Schulz Tara , Keniston Angela , Sarcone Ellen , Albert Richard K.
Published: September 2010

INTRODUCTION:

Handoffs of patient care are increasingly common and are known to contribute to medical errors. A significant number, if not the large majority, of first‐year Internal Medicine residents have not received formal education pertaining to handoffs during medical school.

AIM:

To develop a program designed to teach handoffs to medical students entering their fourth year of training.

SETTING:

University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine.

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION:

Our Handoff Selective was first offered in April 2007 as part of a 2‐week Integrated Clinician's Course conducted once yearly between the third and fourth years of medical school. The Selective consisted of a didactic session in which communication theory and elements were discussed and a practicum in which students used faculty‐developed case scenarios to practice both giving and receiving handoffs.

PROGRAM EVALUATION:

Sixty (the maximum number of spots available) out of 150 students participated in the course, although many more students chose the course than spots available. Prior to taking the Selective, medical students' confidence in performing handoffs was poor, but it improved after the course (P < 0.001); 92% of students felt the Handoff Selective was “useful” or “extremely useful.” While both components of the course were thought to be useful to the large majority of students, the practicum portion was thought to be more useful (P < 0.001).

DISCUSSION:

Formal education on handoffs is well received by medical students and improves their self‐perceived understanding and performance of handoffs. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:344–348. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Systematic review of time studies evaluating physicians in the hospital setting
Authors: Tipping Matthew D. , Forth Victoria E. , Magill David B. , Englert Kate , Williams Mark V.
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND:

Time studies, first developed in the late 19th century, are now being used to evaluate and improve worker efficiency in the hospital setting. This is the first review of hospital time study literature of which we are aware.

PURPOSE:

We performed a systematic review of the literature to better understand the available time study literature describing the activities of hospital physicians.

DATA SOURCES:

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, EMBASE Classic, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Web of Science. We also manually reviewed the reference lists of retrieved articles and consulted experts in the field to identify additional articles for review.

STUDY SELECTION:

We selected studies that used time‐motion or work‐sampling performed via direct observation, included physicians, medical residents, or interns in their study population, and were performed on an inpatient hospital ward.

DATA EXTRACTION:

We abstracted data on subject population, study site, collection tools, and percentage of time spent on key categories of activity.

DATA SYNTHESIS:

Our search produced 11 time‐motion and 2 work‐sampling studies that met our criteria. These studies focused primarily on academic hospitals (92%) and the activities of physicians in training (69%). Other results varied widely. A lack of methodological standardization and dissimilar activity categorizations inhibited our efforts to summarize detailed findings across studies. However, we consistently found that activities indirectly related to a patient's care took more of hospital physicians' time than direct interaction with hospitalized patients.

CONCLUSIONS:

Time studies, when properly performed, have a great deal to offer in helping us understand and reengineer hospital care. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:353–359. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
The impact of fragmentation of hospitalist care on length of stay
Authors: Epstein Kenneth , Juarez Esther , Epstein Anne , Loya Kathy , Singer Adam
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND:

Different hospitalist staffing models provide different levels of inpatient continuity of care, which may impact length of stay (LOS).

OBJECTIVE:

To determine if fragmentation of care (FOC) by hospitalist physicians is associated with LOS.

DESIGN:

Concurrent control study.

SETTING:

Hospitalist practices managed by IPC The Hospitalist Company.

PATIENTS:

A total of 10,977 patients admitted for diagnosis‐related group (DRG) of 89 pneumonia with complications or comorbidities (PNA) or a DRG of 127 heart failure and shock (HF) between December 2006 and November 2007.

MEASUREMENTS:

FOC was defined as the percentage of care given by hospitalists other than the hospitalist who saw the patient the majority of the stay. Negative binomial regression was performed on DRG 89 and DRG 127 patients with LOS as the dependent variable. We adjusted for gender, age, severity of illness (SOI) scores, risk of mortality (ROM) scores, and number of secondary diagnoses, and admission day of the week.

RESULTS:

A 10% increase in fragmentation was associated with an increase of 0.39 days (P < 0.0001) in the LOS for pneumonia, and an increase of 0.30 days (P < 0.0001) in LOS for heart failure.

CONCLUSIONS:

As FOC increased for pneumonia and heart failure, the LOS increased significantly. Methods to reduce fragmentation should be explored, while more research is needed to identify the source of the relationship between FOC and LOS. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:335–338. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Determination of the cultivar and aging of Sicilian olive oils using HPLC‐MS and linear discriminant analysis
Authors: Agozzino Pasquale , Avellone Giuseppe , Bongiorno David , Ceraulo Leopoldo , Indelicato Serena , Indelicato Sergio , Vèkey Kàroly
Published: September 2010

A large number of certified samples (84) of Sicilian olive oils arising from the eight cultivars most represented in Sicily (Biancolilla, Cerasuola, Moresca, Nocellara del Belice, Nocellara Etnea, Oglialora Messinese, Brandofino and Tonda Iblea) have been collected and analyzed by HPLC/MS using an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source. The sample preparation is very simple; in fact, the oil samples are diluted without any chemical derivatization. A following statistical data treatment by general discriminant analysis (GDA) allows the determination of the olive oil cultivar. Furthermore, changes in the composition of glyceridic components of the olive oils lead to easy discrimination between fresh oils and 1‐year‐old samples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How to get strategic planning and business model design wrong: the case of a mobile technology provider
Authors: Ghezzi Antonio , Balocco Raffaello , Rangone Andrea
Published: September 2010

The major mistakes a firm's top management can commit when undertaking the strategic planning and business model design process are analyzed to provide an anti‐advice manual for entrepreneurs wishing to avoid common strategic pitfalls.
Human papillomavirus and WHO type I nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Lo Emily J. , Bell Diana , Woo Jason S. , Li Guojun , Hanna Ehab Y. , El‐Naggar Adel K. , Sturgis Erich M.
Published: September 2010

Objectives:

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare cancer in the United States. An association between NPC and Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) is well‐established for World Health Organization (WHO) types II and III (WHO‐II/III) NPC but less well‐established for WHO type I (WHO‐I) NPC. Given the rise in oropharyngeal tumors positive for high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) and the unique biology of WHO‐I NPC, we examined the relationship between HPV and WHO‐I NPC.

Study Design:

Retrospective case‐comparison study.

Methods:

A search of a large multidisciplinary cancer center tumor registry identified 183 patients seen from January 1999 to December 2008 with incident NPC and no prior cancer. Available paraffin‐embedded tumor specimens (N = 30) were analyzed for oncogenic HPV status by in situ hybridization (ISH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HPV‐16 and HPV‐18; EBV status by ISH; and p16 expression by immunohistochemistry. Demographic parameters, including race and smoking, were obtained from the medical records.

Results:

Among the 18 WHO‐I NPC patients, 66% (N = 12) were smokers and 17% (N = 3) Asian; among the 165 WHO‐II/III NPC patients, 44% (N = 73) were smokers and 24% (N = 39) Asian. Eight WHO‐I NPC patients had available paraffin blocks; five of six were HPV‐16‐positive by PCR and four of eight were HPV‐positive by ISH; only two of eight (25%) were EBV‐positive. Twenty‐two WHO‐II/III NPC patients had available paraffin blocks; only 1 was HPV‐positive by ISH, and 13 of 22 (60%) were EBV‐positive.

Conclusions:

These results suggest that WHO‐I NPC is associated with oncogenic HPV, although larger studies are needed to verify these findings. Laryngoscope, 2010
Levodopa and subthalamic deep brain stimulation responses are not congruent
Authors: Zaidel Adam , Bergman Hagai , Ritov Ya'acov , MD Zvi Israel
Published: September 2010

There is a consensus that in Parkinson's disease, the extent of preoperative levodopa responsiveness predicts the efficacy of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS). However, this may be the result of statistical methods and primary assumptions. We were able to reproduce previously published correlation results on our data (N = 49 patients). Yet, these same results were demonstrated even after random shuffling of our data. Notably, we did not observe a correlation between STN DBS efficacy and preoperative levodopa responsiveness when using their respective baselines and fractional scores of motor improvement. Furthermore, postoperative responses were not limited by preoperative scores, with tremor demonstrating the greatest discrepancy. We conclude that preoperative levodopa responsiveness does not predict or limit the outcome of STN DBS. These results imply different therapeutic mechanisms for levodopa and STN DBS and therefore question the validity of using substantial preoperative levodopa responsiveness as a selection criterion for STN DBS. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
A capacitively coupled temperature‐jump arrangement for high‐resolution biomolecular NMR
Authors: Gal Maayan , Zibzener Koby , Frydman Lucio
Published: September 2010

A simple design for performing rapid temperature jumps within a high‐resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) setting is presented and exemplified. The design is based on mounting, around a conventional NMR glass tube, an inductive radiofrequency (RF) irradiation coil that is suitably tuned by a resonant circuit and is driven by one of the NMR's console high‐power RF amplifiers. The electric fields generated by this coil's thin metal strips can lead to a fast and efficient heating of the sample, amounting to temperature jumps of ≈ 20 °C in well within a second—particularly in the presence of lossy dielectric media like those provided by physiological buffers. Moreover, when wound around a 4‐mm NMR tube, the resulting device fits a conventional 5‐mm inverse probe and is wholly compatible with the field homogeneities and sensitivities expected for high‐resolution biomolecular NMR conditions. The performance characteristics of this new system were tested using saline solutions, as well as on a lyotropic liquid crystal capable of undergoing nematic → isotropic transitions in the neighborhood of ambient temperature. These settings were then incorporated into the performance of a new kind of single‐scan 2D NMR spectroscopy acquisition, correlating the anisotropic and isotropic patterns elicited by solutes dissolved in such liquid‐crystalline systems, before and after a sudden temperature jump occurring during an intervening mixing period. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interpretation of vicinal proton–proton coupling constants of heteroaromatic molecules in terms of topological electron density descriptors
Authors: Sánchez‐Mendoza Ernesto , Hernández‐Trujillo Jesús
Published: September 2010

The indirect vicinal proton–proton coupling constants for pyrrole, furan, thiophene and 15 related heteroaromatic compounds were calculated using the Khon–Sham approximation. An analysis of the four Ramsey contributions to the coupling constants was carried out showing that the Fermi contact term is always positive and dominant, although the remaining contributions have a nonnegligible net negative contribution. The trends observed for the proton–proton coupling constants were rationalized in terms of the properties of the electron density. It was found that electron delocalization between the corresponding hydrogen atoms plays a major role on the observed behavior with the charges of the carbon atoms bonded to them and the accompanying geometric variations being also of importance in the coupling mechanism. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dyskerin and cancer: more than telomerase. The defect in mRNA translation helps in explaining how a proliferative defect leads to cancer
Authors: Montanaro Lorenzo
Published: September 2010

Point mutations in the DKC1 gene that encodes dyskerin cause the rare inherited syndrome called X‐linked dyskeratosis congenita, characterized by a failure of proliferating tissues and increased susceptibility to cancer. Dyskerin is a nucleolar protein with different functions, all fundamental to basic cellular events such as protein expression, growth, and proliferation. The two best‐characterized dyskerin activities are the stabilization of the telomerase RNA component, allowing the proper function telomerase enzymatic complex, and the modification of specific uridine residues of ribosomal RNA by converting them to pseudouridine, thus allowing proper ribosome processing and function. In light of the recent findings, this review focuses on the molecular pathogenesis of dyskeratosis congenita, discussing how a defect in ribosomal function might impact on the translation of a subset of mRNAs encoding for tumour suppressors, thus providing an explanation for the apparent paradox of dyskeratosis congenita in which reduced cell proliferation is associated with cancer susceptibility. In addition, the current evidence pointing to a role played by dyskerin in tumours in the general population is also discussed. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.