bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polyoxometalate derived bimetallic phosphide electrocatalysts for high-efficiency hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhao Yunxiu , Wen Jinghong , Li Ping , Xiang Yang , Li Meiqi , Wang Suna , Dou Jianmin , Li Yunwu , Ma Huiyan , Xu Liqiang
Published: September 2024

Dual-active center catalyst MoP/MoNiP@NPC-800 is rational fabricated by selecting a Ni-POM as precursor. It executes efficient HER electrocatalytic activities both in alkaline and acidic conditions.
Structure determination of difficult-to-crystallize organic molecules by co-crystallization of a phosphorylated macrocycle
Authors: Li Heng , Li Zhijin , Jiang Juli , Lin Chen , Wang Leyong
Published: September 2024

This work reported that 37 different difficult-to-crystallize guest molecules were co-crystallized with the host macrocycle F[3]A1-[P(O)Ph]3 at room temperature, and the molecular structures of the guests could be determined by SCXRD.
Construction of nickel and sulfur co-doped carbon nanotubes derived from hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks for efficient biomass electrooxidation
Authors: Zhang Yuting , Kuang Junhua , Yu Jia , Dong Yangyang , Li Jiaran , Xue Tianwei , Wu Jing , Ma Junchi , Wan Jinlong , Zeng Shiping , Sun Yong , Zhang Yue-Jiao , Dong Jin-Chao , Peng Li , Yang Shuliang , Li Jian-Feng
Published: September 2024

This work develops a simple method to produce Ni3S2 catalyst by using tubular HOFs as templates, and NiSO4 as both the nickel and sulfur source. The catalyst exhibits high FDCA yield (>96%) and Faraday efficiency (>99%) for the HMFOR.
Ultra-wide temperature cycle control based on photo-responsive phase change
Authors: Ge Jing , Yang Xiaoyu , Wang Zedong , Feng Yiyu , Feng Wei
Published: September 2024

BN–PVA/Azo-OCn composite aerogels achieve relatively constant temperatures with low-temperature heat release and high-temperature heat absorption over an ultra-wide temperature range (−20 °C to 80 °C).
Harnessing waste PET bottles for sustainable Ca-MOF synthesis: a high-efficiency adsorbent for uranium and thorium
Authors: Sharma Manish , Anshika  , Sharma Priya , Janu Vikash Chandra , Gupta Ragini
Published: September 2024

The contamination of water sources by radioactive elements like uranium and thorium presents significant environmental and health challenges. To resolve this issue waste derived calcium MOF has been developed using waste PET bottle and marble slurry.
Interface chemical coupling enables Janus elastomer-hydrogel composites for a roof-free evaporator with efficient hydrocooling condensation
Authors: Zhang Chang , Zhang Yanhui , Gu Jincui , Wu Baoyi , Xiao Peng , Chen Tao
Published: September 2024

A solar-driven roof-free evaporator (SRFE) has been designed based on an asymmetric elastomer/photothermal hydrogel composite. This device offers the advantages of high solar absorption and low thermal convection loss, making it suitable for use as a portable purified water collection device.
Unlocking the potential of RGD-conjugated gold nanoparticles: a new frontier in targeted cancer therapy, imaging, and metastasis inhibition
Authors: Javid Hossein , Oryani Mahsa Akbari , Rezagholinejad Nastaran , Hashemzadeh Alireza , Karimi-Shahri Mehdi
Published: September 2024

The review highlights the potential of RGD-conjugated AuNPs in cancer diagnosis and treatment, including breast cancer. It emphasizes the need for further research to fully realize this technology’s potential and inspire future investigations.
Effect of magnesium and calcium ions on the strength and biofunctionality of GelMA/SAMA composite hydrogels
Authors: Zhang Hongbiao , Yu Ran , Xia Yuhao , Liu Jiawei , Tu Rong , Shi Ji , Dai Honglian
Published: September 2024

Natural polymers and synthetic polymers have been extensively studied as scaffold materials, with the former offering advantages such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and structural similarity to the natural extracellular matrix (ECM).
Perovskite nanocrystals passivated by aromatic phosphonic acid for high-performance light-emitting diodes
Authors: Saleem Muhammad Imran , He Siwei , Kim Seung Hyun , Kang Jae-Wook , Lee Jeong-Hwan
Published: September 2024

Here the authors presented BPA-passivated FAPbBr3 NCs. The presence of –PO groups in the BPA plays a critical role in preventing superoxide formation, resulting in high-performance LEDs with an efficiency of 12.9% and a luminance of 29 280 cd m−2.
The mRNA dynamics underpinning translational control mechanisms of Drosophila melanogaster oogenesis
Authors: Bayer Livia V. , Milano Samantha N. , Bratu Diana P.
Published: September 2024

Advances in the study of mRNAs have yielded major new insights into post-transcriptional control of gene expression. Focus on the spatial regulation of mRNAs in highly polarized cells has demonstrated that mRNAs translocate through cells as mRNA:protein granules (mRNPs). These complex self-assemblies containing nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins are fundamental to the coordinated translation throughout cellular development. Initial studies on translational control necessitated fixed tissue, but the last 30 years have sparked innovative live-cell studies in several cell types to deliver a far more nuanced picture of how mRNA-protein dynamics exert translational control. In this review, we weave together the events that underpin mRNA processes and showcase the pivotal studies that revealed how a multitude of protein factors engage with a transcript. We highlight a mRNA's ability to act as a ‘super scaffold’ to facilitate molecular condensate formation and further moderate translational control. We focus on the Drosophila melanogaster germline due to the extensive post-transcriptional regulation occurring during early oogenesis. The complexity of the spatio-temporal expression of maternal transcripts in egg chambers allows for the exploration of a wide range of mechanisms that are crucial to the life cycle of mRNAs.
Making Spectrograms Fun and Functional
Authors: Hosbach-Cannon Carly Jo
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

This tutorial provides multiple examples of how to incorporate the use of spectrograms in an undergraduate speech science course in an exciting, functional way. Incorporating spectrograms into foundational coursework provides an opportunity to create engagement within the classroom, fosters deductive reasoning skills within students, and encourages the synthetization of multiple concepts typically taught within the speech-language pathology curricula. Examples are presented in order of increasing difficulty and can easily be adapted to meet students' needs and interests.

Conclusion:

The following activities involving spectrograms are intended to assist anyone who is new to teaching speech science concepts or looking to update their current courses in ways that inspire critical thinking and excitement within their students.
Kinematic control in a four‐wheeled Mecanum mobile robot for trajectory tracking
Authors: Hernández José Carlos Ortiz , Almeida David I. Rosas
Published: September 2024

The challenges of the modern world require mobile robots with the ability to navigate in congested environments with high levels of manoeuvrability. Therefore, the Mecanum wheel may be viable for addressing this challenge. This paper presents the experimental results of a kinematic control strategy, which involves considering the dynamic model as a black box, with only the input and output signals being known. To do this, high‐level and low‐level controllers are formulated and explained. The high level aims to control the desired position of the mobile robot, which can be useful for navigation tasks. On the other hand, low‐level control involves nested controllers to regulate the speed of the mobile robot wheels. Both levels are related and computed through pure kinematics transformations with a dSPACE ds1103 card and MATLAB/Simulink software. In total, 120 experiments were conducted to determine the repeatability of the tests, using the combination of three widely explored control techniques in the literature: proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID), PID plus sliding modes, and PID plus quasi‐sliding modes. The experiments conducted are described in detail, and the results are analysed using statistical indices based on the RMS error and percentage improvement.
TOI-3568 b: A super-Neptune in the sub-Jovian desert
Authors: Martioli E. , Petrucci R. P. , Jofré E. , Hébrard G. , Ghezzi L. , Gómez Maqueo Chew Y. , Díaz R. F. , Perottoni H. D. , Garcia L. H. , Rapetti D. , Lecavelier des Etangs A. , de Almeida L. , Arnold L. , Artigau É. , Basant R. , Bean J. L. , Bieryla A. , Boisse I. , Bonfils X. , Brady M. , Cadieux C. , Carmona A. , Cook N. J. , Delfosse X. , Donati J.-F. , Doyon R. , Furlan E. , Howell S. B. , Jenkins J. M. , Kasper D. , Kiefer F. , Latham D. W. , Levine A. M. , Lorenzo-Oliveira D. , Luque R. , McLeod K. K. , Melendez J. , Moutou C. , Netto Y. , Pritchard T. A. , Rowden P. , Seifahrt A. , Stefánsson G. , Stürmer J. , Twicken J. D.
Published: September 2024

The sub-Jovian desert is a region in the mass-period and radius-period parameter space that typically encompasses short-period ranges between super-Earths and hot Jupiters, and exhibits an intrinsic dearth of planets. This scarcity is likely shaped by photoevaporation caused by the stellar irradiation received by giant planets that have migrated inward. We report the detection and characterization of TOI-3568 b, a transiting super-Neptune with a mass of 26.4 ± 1.0 M⊕, a radius of 5.30 ± 0.27 R⊕, a bulk density of 0.98 ± 0.15 g cm−3, and an orbital period of 4.417965 (5) d situated in the vicinity of the sub-Jovian desert. This planet orbiting a K dwarf star with solar metallicity was identified photometrically by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). It was characterized as a planet by our high-precision radial-velocity (RV) monitoring program using MAROON-X at Gemini North, supplemented with additional observations from the SPICE large program with SPIRou at CFHT. We performed a Bayesian MCMC joint analysis of the TESS and ground-based photometry, and MAROON-X and SPIRou RVs, to measure the orbit, radius, and mass of the planet, as well as a detailed analysis of the high-resolution flux and polarimetric spectra to determine the physical parameters and elemental abundances of the host star. Our results reveal TOI-3568 b to be a hot super-Neptune rich in hydrogen and helium, with a core of heavier elements of between 10 and 25 M⊕ in mass. We analyzed the photoevaporation status of TOI-3568 b and find that it experiences one of the highest extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) luminosities among planets with a mass of Mp < 2 MNep, yet it has an evaporation lifetime exceeding 5 Gyr. Positioned in the transition between two significant populations of exoplanets on the mass-period and energy diagrams, this planet presents an opportunity to test theories concerning the origin of the sub-Jovian desert.
The HST Large Programme on ω Centauri
Authors: Scalco M. , Salaris M. , Bedin L. R. , Griggio M. , Bellini A. , Libralato M. , Nardiello D. , Vesperini E. , Anderson J. , Bergeron P. , Burgasser A. , Apai D.
Published: September 2024

We present a study of the white dwarf (WD) cooling sequence (CS) in the globular cluster (GC) Omega Centauri (or NGC 5139; hereafter, ω Cen), the primary goal of a dedicated Hubble Space Telescope (HST) programme. We find that the peak at the termination of the WD CS is located at mF606W = 30.1 ± 0.2 (equivalent to V ∼ 31). The brighter part of ω Cen’s WD CS is consistent with the presence of massive He-core WDs, in agreement with previous HST analyses with ultraviolet and blue filters. Comparative analyses of the WD luminosity function (LF) and theoretical counterparts show that a single-age population for the cluster is compatible with the data. However, an analysis of only the WD LF cannot entirely exclude the possibility of an age range, due to uncertainties in the present-day WD mass function, with a star formation history potentially spanning up to 5 billion years, predominantly comprising stars about 13 Gyr old, with a minority potentially as young as 8 Gyr. This underscores the need for global spectroscopic and photometric investigations that simultaneously include both the WD populations and the previous evolutionary phases, in order to fully understand the cluster’s diverse chemical compositions and ages.
A note on the P3-isolation number of a graph
Authors: Wei Xiaohua , Zhang Gang , Zhao Biao
Published: September 2024

For any graph G, a subset D ⊆ V (G) is called a P3-isolating set of G if G − N[D] contains no P3 as a subgraph, that is, consists of isolated vertices and isolated edges only. The P3-isolation number of G, denoted by ι(G, P3), is the cardinality of a smallest P3-isolating set of G. Zhang and Wu [Discrete Appl. Math. 304 (2021) 365–374] investigated the parameter ι(G, P3) of a graph, and they proved that if G ∉ {P3, C3, C6} is a connected graph of order n, then ι(G,P3)≤27n. In this paper, we shall prove that if G ∉ {P3, C7, C11} is a connected graph of order n without triangles and induced 6-cycles, then ι(G,P3)≤n4, and the upper bound is sharp. This extends a result on ι(T, P3) of a tree T by Caro and Hansberg [Filomat 31 (2017) 3925–3944].
Validation and efficacy of the Varix Trainer model as a Training device for esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Authors: Kamolvisit Sarunporn , Limsrivilai Julajak , Mekaroonkamol Parit , Chantarojanasiri Tanyaporn , Chalermsuksant Nalerdon , Harinwan Kamin , Rattananukrom Chitchai , Wong Thanawin , Pittayanon Rapat , Sattayalertyanyong Onuma , Sathirawich Phalat , Kaosombatwattana Uayporn , Pulsombat Akharawit , Kamalaporn Patarapong , Sottisuporn Jaksin , Pausawasdi Nonthalee , Rattanasiri Sasivimol , Kitiyakara Taya
Published: September 2024

Background and study aims The Varix Trainer model 1 (VTM1) was
created for trainees to safely practice basic endoscope manipulation skills. The VTM1 was
tested to see if it could distinguish levels of endoscope manipulation skills (construct
validity) and whether training with it could improve these skills faster (content
validity).

Patients and methods We enrolled 23 novice endoscopists, 18
second-year trainees, and 13 expert endoscopists. They were asked to point with the endoscope
tip to 20 numbers in the model as quickly as possible using torque, single-hand small/large
wheel manipulation (SHSW), and retroflexion techniques. Their mean times (t20) were compared
to determine if the model could distinguish different levels of expertise. Subsequently, 14
novices trained for eight short sessions, and the pre-training and post-training t20 were
compared. Nine novice endoscopists received no training and were retested after 4 to 6 weeks
(controls).

Results Experts had faster t20 than second-year trainees, who
were faster than novices, for all three techniques (P < 0.001).
After eight sessions, the mean t20 for novices improved from 112 to 66 seconds for torque, 144
to 72 seconds for SHSW, and 108 to 63 seconds for retroflexion, (all P < 0.001). Their t20 were equivalent to second-year trainees. Improvement in t20
was also seen with the control group, but total reduction was less than for the training
group.

Conclusions The VTM1 distinguished varying levels of expertise
for all techniques, suggesting that it is a valid tool for assessing endoscope manipulation
skill. A short curriculum improved novices’ manipulation skills faster than traditional
practice.
Ear-Plugging Semiology in Epilepsy: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Synmon Baiakmenlang , Sharma Shri Ram , Thakre Mahendre , Jain Ayuish , Nongrum Henry , Rymbai Overland , Shadap Marbakordor
Published: September 2024

Clinical history is of extreme importance in epilepsy to plan out the management of the patient. Semiology of epilepsy especially at the onset helps us localize the site of onset of the seizure. Ear-plugging semiology in epilepsy, although reported in the literature, is still a rare phenomenon. We hereby report a video of a patient having an ear-plugging epilepsy semiology for better understanding.
The quantification of radical concentration in organic radical polymers: techniques and challenges
Authors: Ellingsen Theo A. , Thickett Stuart C. , Fuller Rebecca O.
Published: September 2024

The development of new high-tech applications based on organic radical polymers has driven significant and renewed focus on these open shell macromolecules. The versatility in synthetic methods makes them highly accessible materials for a variety of researchers from different backgrounds. Although numerous overviews of the synthesis, structure and properties are available, the determination of radical concentration has been largely overlooked. This primer outlines the methods available and the non-trivial nature of the characterisation process. Although quantitative electron paramagnetic resonance and magnetometry are the gold standard for direct measurement of paramagnetism, there also exists a wide range of highly accessible complimentary methods for indirect measure such as ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy.
The implications of brief floodplain inundation for local and landscape-scale ecosystem function in an intermittent Australian river
Authors: Pratt Oliver P. , Beesley Leah S. , Pusey Bradley J. , Setterfield Samantha A. , Douglas Michael M.
Published: September 2024

Context Floodplain inundation creates a diversity of aquatic habitats that diverge in their physical, chemical and biological characteristics through space and time, influencing site-scale ecological processes, with implications for local and landscape-scale ecosystem functioning. Aims In this study, we characterise conditions of pools on the floodplain and pools in the main channel of the Fitzroy River, north-western Australia. Methods We used linear models to investigate the spatial and temporal dynamics of top–down and bottom–up forces acting on phytoplankton and zooplankton. Key results Floodplain pools showed considerable heterogeneity compared with the main channel and were shallow and turbid with high nutrient loads, whereas main-channel pools were deep, clear and nutrient-limited. Phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass (mass per unit volume) were considerably greater and more variable in floodplain pools than in the main channel, where both were largely absent. On the floodplain, bottom–up processes drove water-column productivity (e.g. nutrients to phytoplankton to zooplankton) to a degree not observed in the main channel, providing a valuable resource pathway supporting consumer populations locally and catchment wide. We detected no top–down effects in floodplain pools and no top–down or bottom–up effects in the main channel. Conclusion Maintaining flows that inundate the floodplain and promote habitat heterogeneity in the Fitzroy River is crucial for preserving local and landscape-scale ecosystem functioning. Implications Water managers should take into account the important contribution of floodplain pools to the wider riverine ecosystem and ensure these habitats are not unduely affected by water resource development.
How bacteria actively use passive physics to make biofilms
Authors: Chai Liraz , Zaburdaev Vasily , Kolter Roberto
Published: September 2024

Modern molecular microbiology elucidates the organizational principles of bacterial biofilms via detailed examination of the interplay between signaling and gene regulation. A complementary biophysical approach studies the mesoscopic dependencies at the cellular and multicellular levels with a distinct focus on intercellular forces and mechanical properties of whole biofilms. Here, motivated by recent advances in biofilm research and in other, seemingly unrelated fields of biology and physics, we propose a perspective that links the biofilm, a dynamic multicellular organism, with the physical processes occurring in the extracellular milieu. Using
Bacillus subtilis
as an illustrative model organism, we specifically demonstrate how such a rationale explains biofilm architecture, differentiation, communication, and stress responses such as desiccation tolerance, metabolism, and physiology across multiple scales—from matrix proteins and polysaccharides to macroscopic wrinkles and water-filled channels.
Host-derived CEACAM-laden vesicles engage enterotoxigenic
Escherichia coli
for elimination and toxin neutralization
Authors: Sheikh Alaullah , Ganguli Debayan , Vickers Tim J. , Singer Bernhard B. , Foulke-Abel Jennifer , Akhtar Marjahan , Khatoon Nazia , Setu Bipul , Basu Supratim , Harro Clayton , Maier Nicole , Beatty Wandy L. , Chakraborty Subhra , Bhuiyan Taufiqur R. , Qadri Firdausi , Donowitz Mark , Fleckenstein James M.
Published: September 2024

Enterotoxigenic
Escherichia coli
(ETEC) cause hundreds of millions of diarrheal illnesses annually ranging from mildly symptomatic cases to severe, life-threatening cholera-like diarrhea. Although ETEC are associated with long-term sequelae including malnutrition, the acute diarrheal illness is largely self-limited. Recent studies indicate that in addition to causing diarrhea, the ETEC heat-labile toxin (LT) modulates the expression of many genes in intestinal epithelia, including carcinoembryonic cell adhesion molecules (CEACAMs) which ETEC exploit as receptors, enabling toxin delivery. Here, however, we demonstrate that LT also enhances the expression of CEACAMs on extracellular vesicles (EV) shed by intestinal epithelia and that CEACAM-laden EV increase in abundance during human infections, mitigate pathogen–host interactions, scavenge free ETEC toxins, and accelerate ETEC clearance from the gastrointestinal tract. Collectively, these findings indicate that CEACAMs play a multifaceted role in ETEC pathogen–host interactions, transiently favoring the pathogen, but ultimately contributing to innate responses that extinguish these common infections.
Addressing the L2 learning needs of adults with limited education
Authors: Beaulieu Suzie , Fortier Véronique
Published: September 2024

Despite the growing number of second language adult learners with limited education, few classroom-based studies
have investigated how teaching can be better adapted to the characteristics of this population, many of whom have emerging literacy
skills (Penning de Vries et al., 2020). This study aims to fill this gap by
implementing input-based tasks in an intact French L2 language and literacy classroom (N = 13). The input-based
tasks, targeting household items and number marking, were variations of ‘listen-and-do’ tasks that minimize reliance on print or
school-based strategies to achieve task outcomes (Shintani, 2012). To assess whether
the tasks provided opportunities for form-meaning connections, we examined learners’ self- and other-directed speech during task
performance. Results showed multiple opportunities for form-meaning connections suggesting that input-based instruction could be a
useful technique for this context.
Validating the application of the revised ICRP’s biokinetic models for organic 14C and organically bound tritium to members of the public
Authors: Masuda Tsuyoshi , Manabe Kentaro
Published: September 2024

In 2016, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has revised the biokinetic models for carbon and tritium in Publication 134 to calculate the dose coefficients of these radionuclides for workers. The following publication for members of the public is now in the process of revising by the ICRP. According to the draft manuscript published for consultation in 2023, the same models will be adopted for members of the public, although the parameters in these models are not corroborated by the metabolic data of radionuclides in foods. Dose coefficients for adult were estimated using modified models developed in this study to validate the application of the revised ICRP models to members of the public. In the modified models, several parameters were replaced based on the metabolic data of these nuclides in foods and compartments of radio-insensitive tissues were introduced. For these estimations, we utilised an inhouse program for internal-dose calculation developed by the Japan Atomic Energy Agency. The estimated dose coefficient values for ingestion of organic 14C and organically bound tritium (OBT) ranged from 3.2 × 10−11–7.6 × 10−11 Sv Bq−1 and from 3.5 × 10−11–5.4 × 10−11 Sv Bq−1, respectively. We concluded that the dose coefficient value of 1.6 × 10−10 Sv Bq−1 obtained by the revised ICRP’s carbon model was conservative for members of the public, while the value of 5.1 × 10−11 Sv Bq−1 for OBT was appropriate.
Comparison of radiation-shielding curtains for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography staff
Authors: Ishii Hiroki , Chida Koichi , Inaba Yohei , Onodera Shu , Sai Masahiro , Zuguchi Masayuki
Published: September 2024

Occupational radiation exposure to the eye lens of medical staff during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) should be kept low so as not to exceed annual dose limits. Dose should be low to avoid tissue reactions and minimizing stochastic effects. It is known that the head and neck of the staff are exposed to more scattered radiation in an over-couch tube system than in a C-arm system (under-couch tube). However, this is only true when radiation-shielding curtains are not used. This study aimed to compare the protection radiation to the occupationally exposed worker between a lead curtain mounted on a C-arm system and an ERCP-specific lead curtain mounted on an over-couch tube system. A phantom study simulating a typical setting for ERCP procedures was conducted, and the scattered radiation dose at four staff positions were measured. It was found that scattered radiation doses were higher in the C-arm with a lead curtain than in the over-couch tube with an ERCP-specific lead curtain at all positions measured in this study. It was concluded that the over-couch tube system with an ERCP-specific lead curtain would reduce the staff eye dose by less than one-third compared to the C-arm system with a lead curtain. For the C-arm system, it is necessary to consider more effective radiation protection measures for the upper body of the staff, such as a ceiling-suspended lead screen or another novel shielding that do not interfere with procedures.
Finite element analysis for the measurement error of electrostatic accelerometer due to the electrode misalignment
Authors: Tang Mi , Qu Shaobo , Liu Yanchong , Chen Decong , Hu Shuang , Liu Li , Bai Yanzheng , Wu Shuchao , Zhou Zebing
Published: September 2024

The electrostatic accelerometer is the key payload of many space missions, such as satellite gravity measurements, space gravitational experiments, with a typical precision requirement from nano-g to femto-g. The measurement error model analysis is an important issue for the electrostatic accelerometer with numerous error sources. The traditional method by theoretical analysis is complicated to evaluate the complete measurement error models quantitatively especially when the machining and assembly errors of the sensor head are considered. Limited by the earth gravity and seismic noise which is much higher than the intrinsic noise, the complete error model of electrostatic accelerometers can also hardly be tested on ground. In this paper, the method by using finite element analysis of the sensor head is studied. The simulation model for an electrostatic accelerometer sensor head is built, and the multi-conductor capacitance matrix data is simulated. The accuracy of the capacitance simulation is evaluated in three ways including the convergence check of the capacitance with the mesh size, the symmetry verification, and the sensitivity comparison with the theoretical model. Finally, the accelerometer measurement model is analyzed based on the simulation data, using the case of rotating installation misalignment of the upper electrode as an example. The measurement model and error items of one horizontal axis and one rotating axis are quantitatively evaluated. The method proposed in this paper provide a new effective approach to the measurement model analysis of the electrostatic accelerometers in complex working scenarios both in orbit and on ground, which could be helpful to enhance the performance and the efficiency of application.
Self-powered stepped iron–cobalt–vanadium alloy composite structures for long-term seismic monitoring
Authors: Meng Ke , Li Mingming , Wang Xinyu , Gao Liang , Weng Ling , Huang Wenmei
Published: September 2024

As an excellent vibration energy harvesting material, iron–cobalt–vanadium alloy can be applied in seismic vibration monitoring. In this paper, a self-powered stepped composite structure based on iron–cobalt–vanadium alloy for long-term seismic monitoring is proposed, which can convert the mechanical energy generated by low-frequency transient seismic vibration into a voltage signal for self-powered monitoring. On the basis of its mechanical analysis, a mechano-magneto-electric coupling model is established. The relation between the performance of the voltage and the performance of the material is derived, a variety of magnetostrictive composite structures are produced, the properties of the materials used and the voltage performance generated by the structures are compared and analysed, and a simulated earthquakes platform is constructed for experimenting, and the maximum voltage is 620 mV under a transient force of 1 N, which proves that the composite structure of iron–cobalt–vanadium alloy is excellent in terms of voltage output. Finite element simulation is also used to analyse the role of generated magnetic field on the voltage output of the structure under different bias magnet arrangements, and the sensor is further optimised. Simulated seismic experiments were then carried out to analyse the voltage characteristics and energy harvesting capability. Experimentally, it was confirmed that the generated voltage and deflection were linear with R2 = 0.9966, and the fitting results are accurate. The structure produces a voltage of 1280 mV, an output power of 14.13 mW and a maximum power density of 139.55 mW cm−3 under a transient force of 2 N. The sensor has the advantages of simple structure, large output signal, easy fabrication and long-term operation, therefore, this work highlights the feasibility of harvesting energy from seismic vibration for long term monitoring. It can have good prospective applications in the domain of developing self-powered seismic monitoring and transient vibration energy harvesting.
New algorithm for deriving rational form solutions in the generalized Date-Jimbo-Kashiwara-Miwa model
Authors: Darweesh Amer , Alquran Marwan
Published: September 2024

This paper introduces, for the first time, the application of rational form solutions involving sine-cosine and sinh-cosh functions to address a nonlinear model emerging in the realm of plasma physics. The model under consideration is derived from the KP hierarchy and is denoted as the Date-Jimbo-Kashiwara-Miwa equation. In this study, the proposed model is extended to incorporate arbitrary coefficients, encompassing both nonlinearity and dispersion factors. The solutions obtained are presented through 2D and 3D plots, revealing three distinct types of solitary wave propagation: moving singular-periodic, kink, and singular solutions. These solutions, as reported in this work, have the potential for broader applications, including optics and quantum physics.
Quantifying noncovariance of quantum channels with respect to groups
Authors: Zhang Zijian , Zhang Linshuai , Li Nan , Luo Shunlong
Published: September 2024

A quantum channel is covariant with respect to a group if it commutes with the action of the group. In general, a quantum channel may not be covariant with respect to a given group. The degree of noncovariance can vary between different channels, and it is desirable to have a quantitative characterization for the degree of channel noncovariance. In this work, we propose a measure based on the Hilbert-Schmidt norm to quantify noncovariance of quantum channels with respect to a group and demonstrate that it satisfies several desirable properties. Compared with the existing measures of channel noncovariance, our measure applies to not only compact Lie groups but also finite groups, and it is easy to evaluate. Using this measure and its modified version together with two existing measures, we evaluate and analyze channel noncovariance through an example, finding that these measures of channel noncovariance are closely related but differ from each other. They capture different perspectives of noncovariance of quantum channels. As applications, we provide a relation between channel noncovariance and approximate quantum error correction using our measures of channel noncovariance.
Translocation of Gaussian polymers across a nanometric cylindrical channel
Authors: Vélez-Pérez José A , Olivares-Quiroz L
Published: September 2024

We present an analytical model to study translocation of Gaussian polymers across a cylindrical channel of nanometric size with a chemical potential inside the channel. Results show that polymer conformational entropy generates an entropic M-like free energy barrier for translocation. The presence of a small negative chemical potential reduces the entropic free energy barrier rendering the translocation time to follow a power law τ = AN

ν
as function of polymer size N. Power law exponents ν found here in varying the channel radius R, run from 1.525 to 1.999 for unforced translocation, and from 1.594 to 2.006 for translocation with small chemical potentials when R = 1 nm. Presence of large negative chemical potentials generate a free energy well rendering the translocation time to follow an exponential growth τ = Ae

α
N
. We show existence of a negative chemical potential μ

c
that minimizes the translocation time due to an interplay of conformational entropy and channel-polymer interactions. The translocation time as function of channel length L grows exponentially as τ = Ae

cL
, it runs from milliseconds up to decades in the range of lengths found in biological channels. Interestingly, small negative chemical potentials approaching μ

c
overcome the effect of large channel lengths reducing the translocation time below seconds. Translocation speeds  show a maximum of micrometers per second then it decays with polymer size and channel length, the characteristic decay  ∼ N
−1 has been observed in previous experiments of voltage-driven DNA translocation.
Coupled modes analysis of stimulated Brillouin scattering in the regimes of nonlinear ion acoustic waves
Authors: Guo Zhi-Jian , Zhuo Hong-Bin , Li Ming-Qiang , Zheng Yu-Jia , Zhou Cang-Tao
Published: September 2024

The nonlinear saturation of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in long scale length plasmas is studied in detail through coupled mode equations. Our model incorporates harmonic and subharmonic generation of ion acoustic waves (IAWs), as well as nonlinear Landau damping and the nonlinear frequency shift of IAWs induced by particle trapping. Numerical simulations are carried out across various IAW wavenumbers (k

a

λ

De
) and electron-ion temperature ratios (Z

i

T

e
/T

i
) within different SBS instability regimes. The results demonstrate that our model can distinguish the importance of each effect contributing to the nonlinear behavior in SBS under different plasma conditions. Furthermore, we examine the scaling of SBS reflectivity with laser intensity under conditions relevant to inertial confinement fusion.
Coexistence of hidden attractors in memristive chaotic system
Authors: Zhao Boyu , Xu Shaochuan , Wang Guanpeng
Published: September 2024

In this paper, a charge controlled memristor model is introduced into the Sprott-A system equation to construct a new memristor chaotic system and the calculation of this new system satisfies the characteristics of no equilibrium points. The periodic function is added to the new constructed memristor chaotic system, and the coexistence of attractors in memristor chaotic system without equilibrium points is obtained by adjusting the control parameters. Through different analytical methods to explore the characteristics of the new system. The dynamic behaviors of the system before and after the periodic transformation are compared and analyzed. In the end, DSP simulation is used to verify the feasibility of the theoretical model. The coexistence of attractors in memristor chaotic systems can improve the flexibility and security of chaotic encryption systems. Further research on this kind of phenomena can meet the needs of higher encryption.
RS-SLAM: real time semantic slam with driverless car using LiDAR-camera-IMU sensing
Authors: Zhang Chuanwei , Zhao Ruiqi , Qin Peilin , Yang Jiajia
Published: September 2024

Accurate and robust Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) technology is a critical component of driverless cars, and semantic information plays a vital role in their analysis and understanding of the scene. In the actual scene, the moving object will produce the shadow phenomenon in the mapping process. The positioning accuracy and mapping effect will be affected. Therefore, we propose a semantic SLAM framework combining LiDAR, IMU, and camera, which includes a semantic fusion front-end odometry module and a closed-loop back-end optimization module based on semantic information. An improved image semantic segmentation algorithm based on Deeplabv3+ is designed to enhance the performance of the image semantic segmentation model by replacing the backbone network and introducing an attention mechanism to ensure the accuracy of point cloud segmentation. Dynamic objects are detected and eliminated by calculating the similarity score of semantic labels. A loop closure detection method based on semantic information is proposed to detect key semantic features and use threshold range detection and point cloud re-matching to establish the correct loop closure detection, and finally reduce the global cumulative error and improve the global trajectory accuracy using graph optimization to ultimately obtain the global motion trajectory and realize the construction of 3D semantic maps. We evaluated it on the KITTI dataset and collected a dataset for evaluation by ourselves, which includes four different sequences. The results show that the proposed framework has good positioning accuracy and mapping effect in large-scale urban road environments.
Superposition principle in relativistic gravity
Authors: Friedman Y
Published: September 2024

We present a simple model for relativistic gravity. The model represents a gravitational field by a metric on a Minkowski space background. We introduce a new Lorentz-covariant metric for a single-source gravitation field, which is determined by the retarded position and the velocity of the source. This metric passes the GR tests and properly describes the strong gravitational field. Using this metric, we define the metric of a field generated by several moving sources. The explicit true acceleration of an object moving in this field is derived from the ‘first-order’ (in the masses of the sources) acceleration, which is linear in the sources. The field splits into near and far fields. We compare the far gravitational field of a binary star with electromagnetic quadruple radiation and present an algorithm for computing accelerations in such a field. These results may lead to a new understanding of gravitational waves and the structure and dynamics of galaxies.
Electric polarization evolution equation for antiferromagnetic multiferroics with the polarization proportional to the scalar product of the spins
Authors: Andreev Pavel A , Trukhanova Mariya Iv
Published: September 2024

The spin current model of electric polarization in multiferroics is justified via the quantum hydrodynamic method and the mean-field part of the spin-orbit interaction. The spin current model is applied to derive the electric polarization proportional to the scalar product of the spins of the nearby ions, which appears to be caused by the Dzylaoshinskii-Moriya interaction. The symmetric tensor spin structure of the polarization is discussed as well. We start our derivations for the ferromagnetic multiferroic materials and present further generalizations for the antiferromagnetic multiferroic materials. We rederive the operator of the electric dipole moment, which provides the macroscopic polarization obtained via the spin current model. Finally, we use the quantum average of the found electric dipole moment operator to derive the polarization evolution equation for the antiferromagnetic multiferroic materials. The possibility of spiral spin structures is analyzed.
Advancement of germanium-based thermoelectric materials: a bibliometric and network analysis
Authors: Gupta Shivani , Sharma Manish , Batra Yogita
Published: September 2024

Germanium (Ge)-based thermoelectric materials have proven to be a reliable and sustainable solution for efficient energy harvesting across a wide range of temperatures for an extended period. Numerous investigations have been published addressing the future scope of Ge as a thermoelectric material. This article offers a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the literature related to Germanium-based thermoelectric energy harvesting (Ge-TEH) materials available on Scopus to identify how this material contributes to thermoelectric energy generation. Methodologies such as citation analysis, co-authorship, and co-occurrence analysis are employed to analyze refined data of ‘1867’ documents using 'Visualization of similarity' (VOS) viewer and Biblioshiny. The analysis shows that Ge-TEH has grown significantly worldwide, especially in the last decade. The social and intellectual networks were generated, and the most influencing countries, sources, and institutions were identified. China and the United States (USA) were found to have the highest number of publications, citations, and collaborations. The keywords analysis reveals that ‘lattice thermal conductivity,’ ‘Germanium,’ ‘Seebeck coefficient,’ ‘spark plasma sintering’, and ‘density functional theory’ are the most occurring words, indicating that the dataset features keywords related to thermoelectric materials and their properties. It also suggests a strong emphasis on fabrication methods for optimizing thermoelectric properties. The mutual relevance and categorical patterns of frequently occurring keywords were studied using a factorial analysis graph. This detailed analysis provides critical findings into the evolution and future scope of the research in Ge-TEH.
Electric and magnetic waveguides in graphene: quantum and classical
Authors: Barranco David , Kuru Şengül , Negro Javier
Published: September 2024

Electric and magnetic waveguides are considered in planar Dirac materials like graphene as well as their classical version for relativistic particles of zero mass and electric charge. We have assumed the displacement symmetry of the system along the y-direction, whose associated constant is k. We have also examined other symmetries relevant to each type of waveguide, magnetic or electric. Waveguides with square profile have been worked out in detail to show up explicitly some of the most interesting features. For example, the classical region of confined motion of the electric case, for a fixed intensity, is bounded between k and −k, while in the magnetic case that region is symmetric in the energy and presents a gap (−k, k). Besides, in the quantum systems we have shown that there are edge states in the magnetic systems but they are missing in electric waveguides. We have also analysed scattering states and resonances which match with bound states for both waveguides. The classical scattering properties are also quite different in both types of waveguides. While the electric system has essentially one type of refraction of the incident electron, the magnetic system is much richer due to the Lorentz force.
Analysis of broadband linear polarization-converting meta-materials and their sensing and detection functions
Authors: Li Yongwei , Guo Jinqin , Shi Jianwei , Zhu Shan , Chen Linyue , Qu Zeng
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we present a broadband perfect-reflective linear polarization-converting metamaterial, which achieves perfect-reflective linear polarization conversion over a broadband frequency range of 28.15 GHz–60.80 GHz, and the narrow-band perfect-polarization-converting peaks appearing at the high frequency of 67.121 GHz can be used for microwave solution concentration detection. The design consists of a surface metal resonator structure, a Roggers 5880 dielectric layer and a copper metal backing. The surface metal resonator is a combination of a circular open ring, a square open ring, and a centrally located cross-metal cross ring nested in a modified, highly anisotropic structure. The perfect polarization transition peak at the high frequency band can be used for the solution detection function, which can detect the concentration of salt solution, glucose solution, and alcohol solution. When the refractive index of the solution sample to be tested changes gradually from 1.0 to 1.4, the polarization conversion peak shows obvious frequency shift, and the peak polarization conversion rate is always kept above 99%. The polarization principle was analyzed using surface electromagnetic field distribution and related theories, and the sample structure was processed and tested. The designed super-surface polarization conversion structure has potential applications in the field of microwave detection and microwave communication.
Fingerprints of a non-inflationary universe from massive fields
Authors: Quintin Jerome , Chen Xingang , Ebadi Reza
Published: September 2024

We construct explicit models of classical primordial standard clocks in an alternative to inflation, namely the slowly contracting ekpyrotic scenario. We study the phenomenology of massive spectator fields added to a state-of-the-art ekpyrotic model, with coupling functions that allow for these heavy fields to be classically excited while the background is slowly contracting. We perform numerical computations of the corrections to the scalar primordial power spectrum and compare with analytical estimates. Our full numerical results reveal so-called clock signals, sharp feature signals, as well as signals that link the two together. The models are found to predict oscillatory features that are resolutely different from what is calculated in inflation, and thus, such features represent unique fingerprints of a slowly contracting universe. This confirms the capability of primordial standard clocks to model-independently discriminate among very early universe scenarios.
A new parametrization of Hubble function and Hubble tension
Authors: He Tong-Yu , Yin Jia-Jun , Wang Zhen-Yu , Han Zhan-Wen , Yang Rong-Jia
Published: September 2024

We present a new parameterized Hubble function and employ observational data from Hubble,
Pantheon, and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations to constrain model parameters. The proposed method is
thoroughly validated against these datasets, demonstrating a robust fit to the observational
data. The obtained best-fit values are H
0 = 67.5+1.3
-1.6 km s-1Mpc-1, Ωm0 = 0.2764 ± 0.0094, and α = 0.33 ± 0.22, consistent
with the Planck 2018 results, highlighting the existence of Hubble tension.