bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
J. M. Coetzee and the Limits of the Novel
Authors: Bolin John
Published: June 2023

J. M. Coetzee is widely recognized as one of the most important writers working in English. As a South African (now Australian) novelist composing his best-known works in the latter third of the twentieth century, Coetzee has understandably often been read through the lenses of postcolonial theory and post-war ethics. Yet his reception is entering a new phase bolstered by thousands of pages of new and unpublished empirical evidence housed at the J. M. Coetzee archive at The Harry Ransom Center (University of Texas, Austin). This material provokes a re-reading of Coetzee's project even as it uncovers keys to his process of formal experimentation and compositional evolution up to and including Disgrace (1999). Following Coetzee's false starts, his confrontation of narrative impasses, and his shifting deployment of source materials, J. M. Coetzee and the Limits of the Novel provides a new series of detailed snapshots of one of the world's most celebrated authors.
The Gift of Aging
Authors: Cottrell Houle Marcy , Eckstrom Elizabeth
Published: June 2023

Award-winning authors Marcy Houle and Elizabeth Eckstrom have teamed up again following the success of their critically acclaimed book The Gift of Caring, winner of the 2016 National Christopher Award. This new book blends frontline science with inspirational stories and insights from wise elders for aging with health, joy, and purpose. The book explains how our bodies and brains age, defining what can be expected with aging and what is unusual. It demonstrates ways we can significantly increase our chances for a positive aging experience into our 80s, 90s and 100s. It offers key strategies for meeting the challenges of aging, informs us of issues of inclusion and equity, and advises on handling legal and financial affairs. The Gift of Aging illustrates how we can make the third act of our lives meaningful and fulfilling, ensuring we as elders can make a difference in our world.
The autopoetics of the self: A ‘demonic’ approach to ontological security studies
Authors: Gehring Lucy
Published: June 2023

Ontological security studies (OSS) has been established as a significant area of study in critical security studies (CSS) to describe the ways in which social groups sustain and secure a stable sense of self. Although the self is the central figure of OSS, the subfield is yet to engage in a sustained interrogation of subjectivity in a way that questions its colonial foundations. In this article, I return to Jef Huysmans’s seminal understanding of security as a ‘thick signifier’ to analyse the ways in which OSS upholds the colonial activity of ordering, particularly an ordering of the self. By introducing Sylvia Wynter’s account of the emergence of Man-as-human, I question OSS’s conventional understandings of the self as constituted by identity. Analysing the self as a sociogenic being governed by autopoetics uncovers the ways in which understandings of the self that collapse into ‘identity’ serve to uphold coloniality. By redeploying Huysmans’s understanding of ontological security as that which simultaneously orders and guarantees the activity of ordering, I interrogate the ways in which doing OSS has real-world implications for those denied humanness in our colonial present. This analytic, termed a ‘demonic’ approach by Wynter, unlocks radically alternative understandings of being human that can be operationalized in service of collective liberation.
The social consequences of inflation in developing countries
Authors: Ghosh Jayati
Published: June 2023

The title of this article is a riff off a publication of G. C. Harcourt’s 1974 piece, ‘The social consequences of inflation’. He wrote this in a period of the global economy that bears some strong similarities to our own contemporary phase when inflation is suddenly back in the global headlines. There is at least one significant difference: at that time, Harcourt highlighted inflation as the outcome of an excess of total demand in real terms over available supplies of goods and services when the potential workforces and existing stocks of capital goods were fully employed. Current inflationary pressures, by contrast, arise from the combination of specific sectoral supply bottlenecks, rising profit margins in oligopolistic global markets for food and fuel and financial speculation in these markets.
Hierarchical Bayesian Aldrich–McKelvey Scaling
Authors: Bølstad Jørgen
Published: June 2023

Estimating the ideological positions of political actors is an important step toward answering a number of substantive questions in political science. Survey scales provide useful data for such estimation, but also present a challenge, as respondents tend to interpret the scales differently. The Aldrich–McKelvey model addresses this challenge, but the existing implementations of the model still have notable shortcomings. Focusing on the Bayesian version of the model (BAM), the analyses in this article demonstrate that the model is prone to overfitting and yields poor results for a considerable share of respondents. The article addresses these shortcomings by developing a hierarchical Bayesian version of the model (HBAM). The new version treats self-placements as data to be included in the likelihood function while also modifying the likelihood to allow for scale flipping. The resulting model outperforms the existing Bayesian version both on real data and in a Monte Carlo study. An R package implementing the models in Stan is provided to facilitate future use.
Read/write factorizable programs
Authors: BHASKAR SIDDHARTH , SIMONSEN JAKOB GRUE
Published: June 2023

In the cons-free programming paradigm, we eschew constructors and program using only destructors. Cons-free programs in a simple first-order language with string data capture exactly P, the class of polynomial-time relations. By varying the underlying language and considering other data types, we can capture several other complexity classes. However, no cons-free programming language captures any functional complexity class for fundamental reasons. In this paper, we cleanly extend the cons-free paradigm to encompass functional complexity classes. Namely, we introduce programs with data that can either only be destructed or only be constructed, which we enforce by a type system on the program variables. We call the resulting programs read/write- (or RW-)factorizable, show that RW-factorizable string programs capture exactly the class FP of polynomial-time functions, and that tail-recursive RW-factorizable programs capture exactly the class FL of logarithmic-space functions. Finally, we state and solve the nontrivial problem of syntactic composition of two RW-factorizable programs.
Human Brain Organoids: Why There Can Be Moral Concerns If They Grow Up in the Lab and Are Transplanted or Destroyed
Authors: Lavazza Andrea , Reichlin Massimo
Published: June 2023

Human brain organoids (HBOs) are three-dimensional biological entities grown in the laboratory in order to recapitulate the structure and functions of the adult human brain. They can be taken to be novel living entities for their specific features and uses. As a contribution to the ongoing discussion on the use of HBOs, the authors identify three sets of reasons for moral concern. The first set of reasons regards the potential emergence of sentience/consciousness in HBOs that would endow them with a moral status whose perimeter should be established. The second set of moral concerns has to do with an analogy with artificial womb technology. The technical realization of processes that are typically connected to the physiology of the human body can create a manipulatory and instrumental attitude that can undermine the protection of what is human. The third set concerns the new frontiers of biocomputing and the creation of chimeras. As far as the new frontier of organoid intelligence is concerned, it is the close relationship of humans with new interfaces having biological components capable of mimicking memory and cognition that raises ethical issues. As far as chimeras are concerned, it is the humanization of nonhuman animals that is worthy of close moral scrutiny. A detailed description of these ethical issues is provided to contribute to the construction of a regulative framework that can guide decisions when considering research in the field of HBOs.
Educating sports people about CPR and first aid in general practice: the Savtember project
Authors: Maury Arnaud , Buet Manuel , Rossignol Emilie , Chapron Anthony
Published: June 2023

Aim:

During an exercise-related sudden cardiac arrest, bystander automated external defibrillator use occurred in a median of 31%. The present study conducted in France evaluated the feasibility and impact of a brief intervention by general practitioners (GPs) to increase awareness about first aid/CPR training among amateur sportspeople.

Methods:

In 2018, 49 French GPs proposed a brief intervention to all patients who attended a consultation in order to obtain a medical certificate attesting their fitness to participate in sports. The brief intervention included two questions (Have you been trained in first aid? Would you like to attend a first aid course?) and a flyer on first aid. The GPs’ opinion of the feasibility of the brief intervention was evaluated during a subsequent interview (primary objective). The percentage of sportspeople who started a first aid/CPR course within three months was used as a measure of the effectiveness of the brief intervention (secondary objective).

Findings:

Among 929 sportspeople, 37% were interested in first aid training and received the flyer (4% of these started a training course within three months of the brief intervention, a training rate that was 10 times greater than among the general French population), 56% were already trained, and 7% were not interested. All GPs found the brief intervention feasible and fast (<3 min for 80% of GPs). We conclude the brief intervention to promote first aid/CPR awareness is easy to use and may be an effective although limited means of promoting CPR training. It opens a previously unexplored avenue for GP involvement in promoting training.
The Effect of Biased Peacekeepers on Building Trust
Authors: Oestman Jared , Wilson Rick K.
Published: June 2023

Do unbiased third-party peacekeepers build trust between groups in the aftermath of conflict? Theoretically, we point out that unbiased peacekeepers are the most effective at promoting trust. To isolate the causal effect of bias on trust, we use an iterated trust game in a laboratory setting. Groups that previously engaged in conflict are put into a setting in which they choose to trust or reciprocate any trust. Our findings suggest that biased monitors impede trust while unbiased monitors promote cooperative exchanges over time. The findings contribute to the peacekeeping literature by highlighting impartiality as an important condition under which peacekeepers build trust post-conflict.
The Complex Exhumation History of Jezero Crater Floor Unit and Its Implication for Mars Sample Return
Authors: Quantin‐Nataf C. , Alwmark S. , Calef F. J. , Lasue J. , Kinch K. , Stack K. M. , Sun V. , Williams N. R. , Dehouck E. , Mandon L. , Mangold N. , Beyssac O. , Clave E. , Walter S. H. G. , Simon J. I. , Annex A. M. , Horgan B. , Rice James W. , Shuster D. , Cohen B. , Kah L. , Sholes Steven , Weiss B. P.
Published: June 2023

During the first year of NASA's Mars 2020 mission, Perseverance rover has investigated the dark crater floor unit of Jezero crater and four samples of this unit have been collected. The focus of this paper is to assess the potential of these samples to calibrate the crater‐based Martian chronology. We first review the previous estimation of crater‐based model age of this unit. Then, we investigate the impact crater density distribution across the floor unit. It reveals that the crater density is heterogeneous from areas which have been exposed to the bombardment during the last 3 Ga to areas very recently exposed to bombardment. It suggests a complex history of exposure to impact cratering. We also display evidence of several remnants of deposits on the top of the dark floor unit across Jezero below which the dark floor unit may have been buried. We propose the following scenario of burying/exhumation: the dark floor unit would have been initially buried below a unit that was a few tens of meters thick. This unit then gradually eroded away due to Aeolian processes from the northeast to the west, resulting in uneven exposure to impact bombardment over 3 Ga. A cratering model reproducing this scenario confirms the feasibility of this hypothesis. Due to the complexity of its exposure history, the Jezero dark crater floor unit will require additional detailed analysis to understand how the Mars 2020 mission samples of the crater floor can be used to inform the Martian cratering chronology.
Sources of Uncertainty in Mid‐Tropospheric Tropical Humidity in Global Storm‐Resolving Simulations
Authors: Lang Theresa , Naumann Ann Kristin , Buehler Stefan A. , Stevens Bjorn , Schmidt Hauke , Aemisegger Franziska
Published: June 2023

We conduct a series of eight 45‐day experiments with a global storm‐resolving model (GSRM) to test the sensitivity of relative humidity in the tropics to changes in model resolution and parameterizations. These changes include changes in horizontal and vertical grid spacing as well as in the parameterizations of microphysics and turbulence, and are chosen to capture currently existing differences among GSRMs. To link the distribution in the tropical free troposphere with processes in the deep convective regions, we adopt a trajectory‐based assessment of the last‐saturation paradigm. The perturbations we apply to the model result in tropical mean changes ranging from 0.5% to 8% (absolute) in the mid troposphere. The generated spread is similar to that in a multi‐model ensemble of GSRMs and smaller than the spread across conventional general circulation models, supporting that an explicit representation of deep convection reduces the uncertainty in tropical . The largest changes result from changes in parameterizations, suggesting that model physics represent a major source of humidity spread across GSRMs. The in the moist tropical regions is particularly sensitive to vertical mixing processes within the tropics, which impact through their effect on the last‐saturation temperature rather than their effect on the evolution of the humidity since last‐saturation. In our analysis the of the dry tropical regions strongly depends on the exchange with the extratropics. The interaction between tropics and extratropics could change with warming and presage changes in the radiatively sensitive dry regions.
Greenhouse Warming Weakens the Seasonal Cycle of the Eastern Boundary Upwelling
Authors: Du Tianshi , Wang Shengpeng , Jing Zhao , Wang Hong , Wu Lixin
Published: June 2023

The response of upwelling in the eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUSs) to anthropogenic climate change has attracted much scientific attention due to its core role in nourishing marine ecosystems. A decade‐old hypothesis suggests that greenhouse warming may intensify upwelling‐favorable winds and subsequently the upwelling in EBUSs, but the impact of greenhouse warming on the seasonal cycle of upwelling remains unknown. Using the recent generation of global climate simulations under a high carbon emission scenario, we show a universal weakening of the upwelling seasonal cycle in the major EBUSs. This is mainly ascribed to the projected weakened seasonal cycle of the upwelling‐favorable winds. In addition, long‐term changes in geostrophic transport exert a nonnegligible contribution to the changes in the upwelling seasonal cycle. Our study suggests that the upwelling in the EBUSs is likely to have a more complicated response to greenhouse warming than previously thought.
Hydrodynamic Control of Sediment‐Water Fluxes: Consistent Parameterization and Impact in Coupled Benthic‐Pelagic Models
Authors: Umlauf L. , Klingbeil K. , Radtke H. , Schwefel R. , Bruggeman J. , Holtermann P.
Published: June 2023

Benthic oxygen dynamics and the exchange of oxygen and other solutes across the sediment‐water interface play a key role for the oxygen budget of many limnic and shallow marine systems. The sediment‐water fluxes are largely determined by two factors: sediment biogeochemistry and the thickness of the diffusive boundary layer that is determined by near‐bottom turbulence. Here, we present a fully coupled benthic‐pelagic modeling system that takes these processes and their interaction into account, focusing especially on the modulation of the sediment‐water fluxes by the effects of near‐bottom turbulence and stratification. We discuss the special numerical methods required to guarantee positivity and mass conservation across the sediment‐water interface in the presence of rapid element transformation, and apply this modeling system to a number of idealized scenarios. Our process‐oriented simulations show that near‐bottom turbulence provides a crucial control on the sediment‐water fluxes, the oxygen penetration depth, and the re‐oxidation of reduced compounds diffusing upward from the deeper benthic layers especially on time scales of a few days, characterizing oceanic tides, internal seiching motions in lakes, and mesoscale atmospheric variability. Our results also show that the response of benthic‐pelagic fluxes to rapid changes in the forcing conditions (e.g., storm events) can only be understood with a fully coupled modeling approach.
Participation and performance trends in short-, medium, and long-distance duathlon
Authors: Turnwald Jonas , Sousa Caio Victor , Andrade Marilia Santos , Thuany Mabliny , Cuk Ivan , Nikolaidis Pantelis Theodoros , Weiss Katja , Knechtle Beat
Published: June 2023

Participation and performance trends of male and female athletes have been thoroughly analyzed in various endurance sports. Knowing these trends can help coaches and athletes prepare for competitions and may influence their training strategy and career planning. However, duathlon events—consisted of two splits of running (Run1 and Run2) interspersed by a split of cycling (Bike)—have not been thoroughly studied, unlike other endurance sports. The present study aimed to compare participation and performance trends in duathletes who competed in duathlon races hosted by World Triathlon or affiliated National Federations between 1990 and 2021. A total of 25,130 results of age group finishers who competed in run-bike-run duathlon races of varying distances were analyzed with different general linear models. Races were divided into three distances: short-distance (up to 5.5 km run, 21 km bike, 5 km run), medium-distance (5–10 km run, 30–42 km bike, 7–11 km run) and long-distance (at least 14 km run, 60 km bike, 25 km run). On average, women represented 45.6% of all finishers in short-distance, 39.6% in medium-distance and 24.9% in long-distance duathlon races. Throughout the years, men were consistently faster than women in all three race legs (Run 1, Bike, and Run 2) in all three distances across all age groups, and women could not reduce the performance gap. Concerning the age of peak performance, duathletes of the age group 30–34 finished most often in the top three in short- and medium-distance duathlons, whereas male duathletes of the age group 25–29 and female duathletes of the age group 30–34 finished most often in the top three in long-distance duathlons. Women participated less, especially in longer distances, and were constantly slower than men. Duathletes of the age group 30–34 finished most often in the top three. Future studies should analyze participation and performance trends in further subgroups (e.g., elite athletes) and pacing behaviours.
Identification of tumor tissue in thin pathological samples via femtosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and machine learning
Authors: Sarpe Cristian , Ciobotea Elena Ramela , Morscher Christoph Burghard , Zielinski Bastian , Braun Hendrike , Senftleben Arne , Rüschoff Josef , Baumert Thomas
Published: June 2023

In the treatment of most newly discovered solid cancerous tumors, surgery remains the first treatment option. An important factor in the success of these operations is the precise identification of oncological safety margins to ensure the complete removal of the tumor without affecting much of the neighboring healthy tissue. Here we report on the possibility of applying femtosecond Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) combined with Machine Learning algorithms as an alternative discrimination technique to differentiate cancerous tissue. The emission spectra following the ablation on thin fixed liver and breast postoperative samples were recorded with high spatial resolution; adjacent stained sections served as a reference for tissue identification by classical pathological analysis. In a proof of principle test performed on liver tissue, Artificial Neural Networks and Random Forest algorithms were able to differentiate both healthy and tumor tissue with a very high Classification Accuracy of around 0.95. The ability to identify unknown tissue was performed on breast samples from different patients, also providing a high level of discrimination. Our results show that LIBS with femtosecond lasers is a technique with potential to be used in clinical applications for rapid identification of tissue type in the intraoperative surgical field.
Propensity score matching analysis to comparing cisplatin versus nedaplatin based doublet agent concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer
Authors: Zhang Yue , Fan Shasha , Shan Minjie , Zou Wen , Feng Yeqian , Hou Tao , Liu Xianling , Wang Jingjing
Published: June 2023

This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of cisplatin and nedaplatin in three-week doublet agent concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). We retrospectively enrolled patients with stage IIB-IIIC2 cervical cancer who received doublet agent CCRT from January 2015 to December 2020. Clinical outcomes were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and a Cox proportional hazards model. Propensity score (PS) matching analysis was used to compare cisplatin plus docetaxel group and nedaplatin plus docetaxel group. A total of 295 patients were included. The 5-year overall survival rate (OS) and progression free survival rate (PFS) were 82.5% and 80.4%, respectively. After PS matching, there were 83 patients each in the nedaplatin group and cisplatin group. There were no significant differences in objective response rates (97.6% and 98.8%, p = 0.212), 5-year OS rate (96.5 vs 69.8, p = 0.066), PFS rate (90.8 vs 72.4, p = 0.166), and toxicity between the two groups. Doublet agent concurrent chemoradiotherapy is feasible, safe, and shows high efficacy in LACC patients. Here, cisplatin group has a trend of better prognosis, suggesting that cisplatin is preferred and nedaplatin can be considered for replacement when cisplatin is intolerant.
Vortex dynamics in NbTi films at high frequency and high DC magnetic fields
Authors: Ghigo Gianluca , Torsello Daniele , Gozzelino Laura , Fracasso Michela , Bartoli Mattia , Pira Cristian , Ford Davide , Marconato Giovanni , Fretto Matteo , De Carlo Ivan , Pompeo Nicola , Silva Enrico
Published: June 2023

We report on the characterization of NbTi films at $$\sim$$
∼
11 GHz and in DC magnetic fields up to 4 T, performed by means of the coplanar waveguide resonator technique, providing quantitative information about the penetration depth, the complex impedance, and the vortex-motion-induced complex resistivity. This kind of characterization is essential for the development of radiofrequency cavity technology. To access the vortex-pinning parameters, the complex impedance was analyzed within the formalism of the Campbell penetration depth. Measurements in this frequency range allowed us to determine the complete set of vortex-pinning parameters and the flux flow resistivity, both analyzed and discussed in the framework of high-frequency vortex dynamics models. The analysis also benefits from the comparison with results obtained by a dielectric-loaded resonator technique on similar samples and by other ancillary structural and electromagnetic characterization techniques that provide us with a comprehensive picture of the material. It turns out that the normalized flux flow resistivity follows remarkably well the trend predicted by the time dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory, while the pinning constant exhibits a decreasing trend with the field which points to a collective pinning regime.
Salt-flux growth of HoCuMg4 single crystals
Authors: Reimann Maximilian Kai , Kremer Reinhard K. , Chen Da , Dronskowski Richard , Kösters Jutta , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: June 2023

The structures of Nd11Pd4In9 and HoCuMg4 are isopointal. They are intergrowth variants of AlB2 and CsCl related slabs.
KOH-promoted cascade C–Cl bond activation and amidation of trichloromethyl aromatic compounds with formamides in water
Authors: Wang Chenyu , Wang Yan , Wu Jianglong , Hu Qian , Luo Hui , Wang Zhongjie , Wang Yingxin , Li Dianjun , Liang Jun , Yang Jinhui
Published: June 2023

A KOH-promoted cascade C–Cl bond activation and amidation of trichloromethyl aromatic compounds with formamides using water as a solvent has been developed.
Deep learning's fitness for purpose: A transformation problem frame's perspective
Authors: Gudaparthi Hemanth , Niu Nan , Yang Yilong , Van Doren Matthew , Johnson Reese
Published: June 2023

Combined sewer overflows represent significant risks to human health as untreated water is discharged to the environment. Municipalities, such as the Metropolitan Sewer District of Greater Cincinnati (MSDGC), recently began collecting large amounts of water‐related data and considering the adoption of deep learning (DL) solutions like recurrent neural network (RNN) for predicting overflow events. Clearly, assessing the DL's fitness for the purpose requires a systematic understanding of the problem context. In this study, we propose a requirements engineering framework that uses the problem frames to identify and structure the stakeholder concerns, analyses the physical situations in which the high‐quality data assumptions may not hold, and derives the software testing criteria in the form of metamorphic relations that incorporate both input transformations and output comparisons. Applying our framework to MSDGC's overflow prediction problem enables a principled way to evaluate different RNN solutions in meeting the requirements.
Wav2vec‐MoE: An unsupervised pre‐training and adaptation method for multi‐accent ASR
Authors: Lin Yuqin , Zhang Shiliang , Gao Zhifu , Wang Longbiao , Yang Yanbing , Dang Jianwu
Published: June 2023

In real life, either the subjective factors of speakers or the objective environment degrades the performance of automatic speech recognition (ASR). This study focuses on one of the subjective factors, accented speech, and attempts to build a multi‐accent ASR system to solve the degradation caused by different accents, one of whose characteristic is the low resource. To deal with the challenge of the low‐resource data and the different speech styles, a wav2vec‐MoE (mixture of experts) is proposed to adapt the wav2vec 2.0 for multi‐accent ASR. In the wav2vec‐MoE, a domain MoE is developed by introducing pseudo‐domain information in the pre‐training stage, where the domain denotes a collection of speech varied by the same influence factors. The MoE is trained with two strategies according to the proposed domain mismatch assessment between unlabeled speech and target speech, without requiring any explicit domain information. Experiments show that the wav2vec‐MoE achieves a 14.69% relative word error rate reduction (WERR) on the AESRC2020 accent dataset and an 8.79% relative WERR on the Common Voice English dataset.
An analysis of distribution planning under a regulatory regime: An integrated framework
Authors: Verma Aprajay , Swarup K Shanti
Published: June 2023

Distribution system planning is a multifaceted topic involving financial, regulatory, and system level analysis. The wide nature of the topic warrants a holistic study considering all aspects of analysis. The distribution utility is a natural monopoly that is subjected to utility regulation. The regulator can impact customer experience by strategically influencing the planning decisions of the utility. Hence, this paper reviews the existing utility regulation methods in the context of the distribution system and their efficacy in improving certain reliability and efficiency objectives. A two‐bus system is used to demonstrate the impact of classical models in alleviating reliability and efficiency issues through demand response. Further, a review is conducted on distribution system planning models without a regulatory regime, and suitable models for holistic analysis are identified. A two‐person complete information regulator and utility game with a comprehensive distribution system model at the lower level is proposed. A framework based on the Mixed Integer Bilevel Linear Program is discussed to find the equilibrium point of the proposed game.
Bildgebung anorektaler Fisteln
Authors: Schäfer Arnd-Oliver
Published: June 2023

Fisteln und Abszesse zählen zu den häufigen Erkrankungen des Anorektums, wobei der Abszess das akute und die Fistel das chronische Stadium der Entzündung repräsentiert. Der Gruppe der
kryptoglandulären Analfisteln stehen die Crohn-assoziierten Fisteln gegenüber. Nachweis und exakte Differenzierung der unterschiedlichen Fistelklassen ist Aufgabe der Bildgebung und Basis
für die individuelle Behandlungsplanung.
Schlaganfallrisiko und Mortalität
Authors: Brandenburg Vincent , Heine Gunnar Henrik
Published: June 2023

Die Frage nach Effektivität und Sicherheit einer oralen Antikoagulation (OAK) bei Dialysepatienten mit Vorhofflimmern (VHF) zur Reduktion eines erhöhten Risikos für Thromboembolien (speziell zur Schlaganfallprophylaxe) weist diverse offene Fragen auf, für deren Beantwortung eine begrenzte evidenzliefernde Datenlage vorliegt.
Gefährliches Zusammenspiel: erhöhtes Lipoprotein(a) bei fortgeschrittener Niereninsuffizienz
Authors: Bernhardt Wanja M.
Published: June 2023

Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) ist ein Lipidpartikel, dessen Proteinanteil aus einem Apolipoprotein(a) (Apo(a)) und einem Apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) besteht. Im Wesentlichen ist die Konzentration von Lp(a) im Blut genetisch determiniert. Bei etwas mehr als 20 % der kaukasischen Bevölkerung finden sich erhöhte Lp(a)-Werte (> 50 mg/dl; > 70 nmol/l). Ein erhöhter Lp(a)-Wert ist ein unabhängiger kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktor, der u. a. durch aktuelle Medikamentenentwicklungen zunehmend in den klinischen und therapeutischen Fokus gerät. Insbesondere steigt bei einer erhöhten Lp(a)-Konzentration das Risiko für eine progrediente koronare Herzerkrankung oder eine Aortenklappenstenose. Gleichzeitig nimmt das kardiovaskuläre Risiko aufgrund einer fortgeschrittenen Niereninsuffizienz stark zu. Darüber hinaus führt eine fortgeschrittene Niereninsuffizienz zu negativen Veränderungen des Lipidprofils, einschließlich der Veränderungen der Lp(a)-Konzentration im Blut. Aktuell ist als einzige mögliche Therapieoption für Patienten mit einer klinisch signifikanten Lp(a)-Erhöhung und einer progredienten kardiovaskulären Erkrankung die Durchführung einer therapeutischen Lipoproteinapherese (LA) verfügbar. Die LA senkt bei diesen Patienten erheblich das kardiovaskuläre Risiko. Allerdings existieren zur Epidemiologie und Therapie von Patienten mit einer fortgeschrittenen Niereninsuffizienz und einer erhöhten Lp(a)-Konzentration weniger Daten. In diesem Beitrag wird die Rolle von einem erhöhten Lp(a)-Wert bei einer fortgeschrittenen Niereninsuffizienz ebenso diskutiert wie der gegenseitige Einfluss von einer chronischen Niereninsuffizienz (CKD: „chronic kidney disease“) auf die Lp(a)-Konzentration im Blut. Zudem wird die Evidenzlage und das daraus abzuleitende therapeutische Vorgehen bei einer erhöhten Lp(a)-Konzentration bei einer fortgeschrittenen Niereninsuffizienz dargestellt.
Präinterventionelle Klappenbildgebung in der CT: TAVR, TMVR und mehr
Authors: Langenbach Isabel L. , Foldyna Borek , Maintz David , Langenbach Marcel C.
Published: June 2023

Klappenerkrankungen zählen zu den häufigsten Herzerkrankungen, werden häufiger und können immer besser behandelt werden. Zwar benötigt nicht jede Klappenerkrankung zwingend eine
radiologische Bildgebung, doch insbesondere für die Aorten- und Mitralklappe spielt die radiologische Beurteilung eine wichtige Rolle. In diesem Beitrag steht vor allem die CT vor
Klappeneingriffen im Vordergrund.
EDTNA/ERCA-News
Authors: Nipshagen Sabine
Published: June 2023

Im Folgenden möchte ich euch diverse Neuigkeiten aus der EDTNA/ERCA vorstellen.
Harte Schale, weicher Kern – Postoperatives Management nach transtibialer Amputation
Authors: Eidenberger Margit
Published: June 2023

Das postoperative Management nach einer Unterschenkelamputation ist mitentscheidend für das Outcome. Statt starrer Gipshüllen oder elastischer Kompressionsbandagen werden heute oft Semi-Rigid Dressings eingesetzt. Die halbstarren Schienen schützen mit ihrer stabilen Außenhülle vor Traumata, während im Inneren der weich gelagerte Stumpf bis zur Prothesenanpassung optimal versorgt werden kann. Das beschleunigt die Wundheilung und reduziert das Stumpfödem.
Entscheidungshilfe für die Nierenersatztherapie bei Nierenerkrankungen im Endstadium
Authors: Shi Yu , Jiang-Siebert Qiumei
Published: June 2023

Es wurde eine Entscheidungshilfe für die Nierenersatztherapie auf der Grundlage des Ottawa-Entscheidungshilfe-Scores entwickelt und in der klinischen Praxis anhand eines 6-stufigen Krebsmeldungsmodells angewendet. Für die Studie wurden Patienten mit End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) ausgewählt, die zwischen Juli 2020 und Juli 2021 unser Krankenhaus aufsuchten. 26 Fälle aus der Zeit von Juli–Dezember 2020 waren in der Kontrollgruppe und 27 Fälle aus der Zeit von Januar–Juli 2021 in der Studiengruppe, also insgesamt 53 Fälle. Die Studiengruppe verwendete Entscheidungshilfen, während die Kontrollgruppe traditionelle Methoden der Gesundheitserziehung erhielt. Die beiden Gruppen wurden hinsichtlich des Entscheidungskonflikt-Scores, der Wahl der Nierenersatztherapie und der Häufigkeit der Verwendung eines temporären Katheters verglichen. Die Studiengruppe hatte einen niedrigeren Entscheidungskonflikt-Score und eine niedrigere Rate an temporären intravenösen Kathetern als die Kontrollgruppe (p < 0,05) und eine bessere Rate.
„Erzählen Sie mir Ihre Geschichte!“ – Motivational Interviewing in der physiotherapeutischen Praxis
Authors: Schwertfellner Christoph
Published: June 2023

Nur 92 Sekunden würde es im Schnitt dauern, bis Patient*innen ihr Hauptanliegen geschildert haben – wenn wir sie nur erzählen ließen. Obendrein würden wir in dieser Zeit bereits viele therapierelevante Informationen erhalten. Christoph Schwertfellner ist sich sicher: Ein Sich-verstanden-Fühlen kann wahre Wunder hinsichtlich der Therapiemotivation bewirken. Er beschreibt, wie das Konzept des Motivational Interviewing dabei helfen kann.
Novel technique can improve electronics’ robustness in space
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: June 2023

Heat wave method helps locate the high stress regions in electronics that are susceptible to radiation damage.
The Little Prince
Authors: Rosenhouse Judith
Published: June 2023

This paper studies translations of Antoine de Saint Exupéry’s The Little Prince into Hebrew and
Arabic, genealogically related Semitic languages. The discussion in the paper focuses on three questions related to subjects
already raised in the translation literature: What does the word count of any translated text contribute to translation study? How does comparing different translations of the same text into the same language contribute to translation research? Will translating one text into
genealogically related languages reveal similarities between the translations? The research hypothesizes that (1) similarities and
differences will be found between the translations, but (2) they will not affect target language rules. The main findings are that
(1) total word sums were smaller in the translations than word sums in the source text. (2) The differences reflect the style and
register considerations (formal versus daily lexical and structural elements) rather than grammatical issues. The research
hypotheses appear to be correct, at least for these languages.
Korean speech styles and Finnish terms of address from the
perspective of KFL learners
Authors: Kim Jeong-Young
Published: June 2023

Korean speech styles (hapsyo-chey and
hayyo-chey in particular) are compared with Finnish terms
of address from the perspective of KFL learners, focusing on three variables,
namely “power”, “distance”, and “imposition” (Brown and Levinson, 1987). The comparison is based on
Peterson (2010), which the
current study replicates. The data were collected during a Discourse Completion
Task: seventy-eight native speakers of Korean were provided with seven scenarios
depicting everyday situations. The results underpin the common belief that
hayyo-chey is the most common speech style in Korean
society. On the pedagogical level, therefore, it should be considered unmarked,
meaning that no explication such as “informal polite” is required. However,
hapsyo-chey should be introduced as a speech style that may
be mixed with hayyo-chey, but also as the norm exclusively used
in some restricted formal and writing contexts. Other speech styles may be
explained in a similar manner in the KFL classroom.
Opportunities and Challenges of Community-based Eco-cultural Tourism Development: A Case of Gwirize Cultural Village in Malawi
Authors: Bello Felix G. , Lambulira Mathews
Published: June 2023

The paradigm of community-based eco-cultural tourism has garnered recognition as a support system for sustainable tourism due to its ability to extend the benefits of tourism to rural and marginalized communities. This approach serves as a means to promote social and economic development and encourages local participation in tourism development. This case focuses on the impact, opportunities and challenges of community-based eco-cultural tourism at Gwirize Cultural Village in Malawi. The cultural village has had a positive impact on the community through the creation of a direct source of income, stimulation of local businesses, improvement of access to clean water, provision of entertainment and preservation of cultural heritage. However, the cultural village also faces numerous challenges, including lack of managerial and marketing expertise, inadequate skills to provide a diverse range of tourist services and lack of coordination with other tourism service providers in the district. It is recommended that capacity-building programmes be implemented to enhance local managerial skills and tourism services, and that management and operational frameworks be developed to guide communities involved in community-based eco-cultural tourism initiatives.

Information

© The Authors 2023
A note on checkable codes over Frobenius and quasi-Frobenius rings
Authors: de Araujo R. , Pereira A. L. , Polcino Milies C.
Published: June 2023

We study checkable codes in finite Frobenius and quasi-Frobenius rings and show that the Jacobson radical of a quasi-Frobenius ring is checkable if and only if the ring is Frobenius. Also, we show that in a quasi-Frobenius ring

R
R

every maximal left ideal is checkable and that

R
R

is code-checkable if and only if

R
R

is a principal right ideal ring.
Codes from the Skew Ring 𝑀₂(𝔽₂)⋊_{𝜑}𝔾
Authors: Dougherty S. , Şahinkaya Serap , Ustun Deniz
Published: June 2023

In this work, we study codes generated by elements in the skew group matrix ring

M
k

(
R
)

⋊

φ

G

M_k(R)\rtimes _{\varphi }G

, where

R
R

is a finite commutative Frobenius ring,

G
G

is an arbitrary finite group, and

φ
\varphi

is a group homomorphism from

G
G

to

A
u
t
(

M
k

(
R
)
)

Aut(M_k(R))

. We then determine all possible group homomorphisms

φ
:
G
→
A
u
t
(

M
2

(

F

2

)
)
,

\varphi : G \rightarrow Aut(M_2(\mathbb {F}_2)),

for the cases where

G
G

is a cyclic group and a dihedral group. Finally, by using skew generator matrices we provide examples of binary self-dual codes and also binary linear optimal codes.
Almost Projective Modules Over Non-Hereditary Algebras
Authors: Kaynarca Fatma , D’Este Gabriella , Keskin Tütüncü Derya
Published: June 2023

We investigate almost projective modules over non-hereditary algebras. The proper submodules of these modules have a projective type behavior. We prove that there exists a non-hereditary algebra such that the proper submodules of their almost projective modules are actually projective. We also show that an algebra of finite representation type and its opposite algebra do not always have the same number of indecomposable almost projective modules.
On nil algebras and a problem of Passman concerning nilpotent free algebras
Authors: Krempa Jan
Published: June 2023

We provide here the full solution of a problem of Donald Passman concerning nilpotent free algebras. It will be done with the help of examples constructed by Agata Smoktunowicz. Our paper on this problem from 1989 year will also be used. In Section 3 we add some comments, questions and results inspired by this problem.
Using Bernoulli maps to accelerate mixing of a random walk on the torus
Authors: Iyer Gautam , Lu Ethan , Nolen James
Published: June 2023

We study the mixing time of a random walk on the torus, alternated with a Lebesgue measure preserving Bernoulli map. Without the Bernoulli map, the mixing time of the random walk alone is

O
(
1

/

ε
2

)

O(1/\varepsilon ^2)

, where

ε
\varepsilon

is the step size. Our main results show that for a class of Bernoulli maps, when the random walk is alternated with the Bernoulli map 

φ
\varphi

the mixing time becomes

O
(
|
ln
⁡
ε
|
)

O(\lvert \ln \varepsilon \rvert )

. We also study the dissipation time of this process, and obtain 

O
(
|
ln
⁡
ε
|
)

O(\lvert \ln \varepsilon \rvert )

upper and lower bounds with explicit constants.
Stomatal development and orientation: a phylogenetic and ecophysiological perspective
Authors: Rudall Paula J
Published: June 2023

Background

Oriented patterning of epidermal cells is achieved primarily by transverse protodermal cell divisions perpendicular to the organ axis, followed by axial cell elongation. In linear leaves with parallel venation, most stomata are regularly aligned with the veins. This longitudinal patterning operates under a strong developmental constraint and has demonstrable physiological benefits, especially in grasses. However, transversely oriented stomata characterize a few groups, among both living angiosperms and extinct Mesozoic seed plants.

Scope

This review examines comparative and developmental data on stomatal patterning in a broad phylogenetic context, focusing on the evolutionary and ecophysiological significance of guard-cell orientation. It draws from a diverse range of literature to explore the pivotal roles of the plant growth hormone auxin in establishing polarity and chemical gradients that enable cellular differentiation.

Conclusions

Transverse stomata evolved iteratively in a few seed-plant groups during the Mesozoic era, especially among parasitic or xerophytic taxa, such as the hemiparasitic mistletoe genus Viscum and the xerophytic shrub Casuarina, indicating a possible link with ecological factors such as the Cretaceous CO2 decline and changing water availability. The discovery of this feature in some extinct seed-plant taxa known only from fossils could represent a useful phylogenetic marker.
Development of a novel fluorogenic assay method for screening inhibitors of bovine leukemia virus protease and identification of mitorubrinic acid as an anti-BLV compound
Authors: Murakami Hironobu , Fujikawa Yuuta , Mori Masaya , Mosu Nozomi , Taguchi Akihiro , Hayashi Yoshio , Inoue Hideshi , Kamisuki Shinji
Published: June 2023

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) causes enzootic bovine leukosis, a fatal cattle disease that leads to significant economic losses in the livestock industry. Currently, no effective BLV countermeasures exist, except testing and culling. In this study, we developed a high-throughput fluorogenic assay to evaluate the inhibitory activity of various compounds on BLV protease, an essential enzyme for viral replication. The developed assay method was used to screen a chemical library, and mitorubrinic acid was identified as a BLV protease inhibitor that exhibited stronger inhibitory activity than amprenavir. Additionally, the anti-BLV activity of both compounds was evaluated using a cell-based assay, and mitorubrinic acid was found to exhibit inhibitory activity without cytotoxicity. This study presents the first report of a natural inhibitor of BLV protease—mitorubrinic acid—a potential candidate for the development of anti-BLV drugs. The developed method can be used for high-throughput screening of large-scale chemical libraries.
The impact of resource allocation during the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiac surgical practice and patient outcomes: a systematic review
Authors: EL-Andari Ryaan , Fialka Nicholas M , Nagendran Jayan
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVES

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has shaken the world and placed enormous strain on healthcare systems globally. In this systematic review, we investigate the effect of resource allocation on cardiac surgery programs and the impact on patients awaiting elective cardiac surgery.

METHODS

PubMed and Embase were systematically searched for articles published from 1 January 2019 to 30 August 2022. This systematic review included studies investigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on resource allocation and the subsequent influence on cardiac surgery outcomes. A total of 1676 abstracts and titles were reviewed and 20 studies were included in this review.

RESULTS

During the COVID-19 pandemic, resources were allocated away from elective cardiac surgery to help support the pandemic response. This resulted in increased wait times for elective patients, increased rates of urgent or emergent surgical intervention and increased rates of mortality or complications for patients awaiting or undergoing cardiac surgery during the pandemic.

CONCLUSIONS

While the finite resources available during the pandemic were often insufficient to meet the needs of all patients as well as the influx of new COVID-19 patients, resource allocation away from elective cardiac surgery resulted in prolonged wait times, more frequent urgent or emergent surgeries and negative impacts on patient outcomes. Understanding the impacts of delayed access to care with regards to urgency of care, increased morbidity and mortality and increased utilization of resources per indexed case needs to be considered to navigate through pandemics to minimize the lingering effects that continue to negatively impact patient outcomes.