bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A survey study of family members' encounters with healthcare services within the care of older people, psychiatric care, palliative care and diabetes care
Authors: Momeni Pardis , Årestedt Kristofer , Alvariza Anette , Winnberg Elisabeth , Goliath Ida , Kneck Åsa , Leksell Janeth , Ewertzon Mats
Published: July 2022

The aim of this study was to describe and compare family members' experiences of approach in encounters with healthcare professionals and possible feelings of alienation in the professional care within four care contexts: the care of older people, psychiatric care, palliative care and diabetes care. The design was an explorative cross‐sectional survey study. Data were collected in Sweden using the Family Involvement and Alienation Questionnaire‐Revised (FIAQ‐R). It measures family members' experiences of the healthcare professionals' approach and the family members' feeling of alienation from the provision of professional care. A total of 1047 questionnaires were distributed to family members using convenient sampling method, of which 294 were included. Data were analysed using rank‐based, non‐parametric statistical methods. The results indicated that most respondents experienced a positive actual approach from the healthcare professionals. Many participants rated the importance of approach at a higher level than their actual experience. Participants in the context of diabetes care reported a more negative actual approach from the healthcare professionals than did participants in the other contexts and considered the healthcare professionals' approach towards them as being less important. The results for the entire group indicated that the participants felt a low level of alienation from the professional care. Participants in the context of the care of older people reported significantly lower level of feeling of being alienated than did participants in the contexts of psychiatric care and diabetes care. The differences between participants in diabetes care and other care contexts can possibly be explained by a more fully implemented self‐care approach among the patients in diabetes care than in the other care contexts. Even though the results are quite positive, it is still important that nurses consider a family‐centred approach to better adapt to the needs of both the family members and the patients.
Aging and skeletal muscle force control: Current perspectives and future directions
Authors: Pethick Jamie , Taylor Matthew J. D. , Harridge Stephen D. R.
Published: July 2022

During voluntary muscle contractions, force output is characterized by constant inherent fluctuations, which can be quantified either according to their magnitude or temporal structure, that is, complexity. The presence of such fluctuations when targeting a set force indicates that control of force is not perfectly accurate, which can have significant implications for task performance. Compared to young adults, older adults demonstrate a greater magnitude and lower complexity in force fluctuations, indicative of decreased steadiness, and adaptability of force output, respectively. The nature of this loss‐of‐force control depends not only on the age of the individual but also on the muscle group performing the task, the intensity and type of contraction and whether the task is performed with additional cognitive load. Importantly, this age‐associated loss‐of‐force control is correlated with decreased performance in a range of activities of daily living and is speculated to be of greater importance for functional capacity than age‐associated decreases in maximal strength. Fortunately, there is evidence that acute physical activity interventions can reverse the loss‐of‐force control in older individuals, though whether this translates to improved functional performance and whether lifelong physical activity can protect against the changes have yet to be established. A number of mechanisms, related to both motor unit properties and the behavior of motor unit populations, have been proposed for the age‐associated changes in force fluctuations. It is likely, though, that age‐associated changes in force control are related to increased common fluctuations in the discharge times of motor units.
Effects of one year of daily face mask wearing on the skin during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Park Sae‐ra , Han Jiyeon , Yeon Yeong Min , Kang Na Young , Kim Eunjoo , Suh Byung‐Fhy
Published: July 2022

Background

As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) continues, the long‐term daily use of masks is increasing. A full year includes the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn, and winter. Skin may have been affected by the seasons and further affected by the use of masks. In a previous study, we confirmed the short‐term and 6‐month effects of wearing face masks. In this study, we investigated how certain characteristics of the skin change when wearing a mask for 1 year. Furthermore, we compared skin covered by the mask (mask‐skin zone) to skin that was not covered.

Materials and methods

The participants were 18 healthy adults (8 men; 10 women) who were asked to wear masks in their daily lives from June 2020 to June 2021. During this period, participants’ skin characteristics, such as trans‐epidermal water loss, skin hydration, skin elasticity, skin keratin amount, skin pore area, skin temperature, skin redness, and skin color, were measured five times.

Results

Trans‐epidermal water loss, skin keratin amount, skin pore area, skin color, and skin elasticity changed significantly during the year. Furthermore, trans‐epidermal water loss, skin hydration, skin keratin amount, skin pore area, and skin color were significantly different between the mask‐wearing and non‐mask‐wearing areas of the face.

Conclusion

The skin characteristics of the mask‐skin zone can be affected by long‐term wearing of a face mask under lifestyle and environmental conditions. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, skin care for the mask‐skin zone is also necessary for people who do not wear masks on a daily basis.
Public opinion on U.S. investment in foreign countries: Survey evidence from 11 southern states in the United States
Authors: Kim Hye‐Sung , Lee Youngchae , Huffmon Scott
Published: July 2022

Objective

Despite a growing literature on the impact of economic nationalism on public attitudes toward foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, public attitudes toward U.S. FDI outflows have been overlooked. We examine U.S. residents’ attitudes toward FDI outflows to two host countries viewed unfavorably by the American public, Mexico and China, and the extent to which providing accurate information on FDI flows between the United States and these countries affects the biases toward American investment in these countries.

Methods

We implemented a vignette experiment on respondents from 11 southern states in the United States.

Results

We find little support for the existence of bias toward Mexico or China as destinations for American investment, nor do we find that providing accurate information on bilateral FDI flows affects perceptions of U.S. FDI outflows to these countries. Instead, individuals' economic self‐interest and sociotropic concerns influence their attitudes toward FDI outflows.

Conclusions

Individuals' preferences toward U.S. FDI outflows are not shaped by biases toward investment destinations but by their concerns regarding the economic and security consequences of American overseas investment.
Identification of a novel HLA‐DRB4 allele, HLA‐DRB4*01:152 in a Kuwaiti family
Authors: Ameen Reem , Geo Jeethu Anu , Thomas Jibu
Published: July 2022

One nucleotide substitution in codon 179 of HLA‐DRB4*01:03:01:01 results in a novel allele HLA‐DRB4*01:152.
Distant but Vibrant Places. Local Determinants of Adaptability to Peripherality
Authors: de Renzis Alessandra , Faggian Alessandra , Urso Giulia
Published: July 2022

Against the discourse according to which peripheral areas are places doomed to an inevitable fate of constant demographic decline, the aim of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the local determinants fostering adaptability to prolonged challenges connected to a condition of peripherality. Exploiting the classification produced within the Italian National Strategy for Inner Areas, we investigate the determinants of positive demographic long‐term growth paths of Italian peripheral municipalities using population variation as the dependent variable in a spatially deep lagged model relying on census data from 1971 to 2011. Our longitudinal study provides evidence on the positive effects of demographic and labour‐skills related factors on population dynamics, that may prove to be crucial in supporting policymakers when formulating place‐sensitive strategies to enhance the adaptive capability of places in the face of long‐term slow‐burning pressures.
Evaluation of amotosalen and UVA pathogen‐reduced apheresis platelets after 7‐day storage
Authors: Cancelas Jose A. , Genthe Jamie R. , Stolla Moritz , Rugg Neeta , Bailey S. Lawrence , Nestheide Shawnagay , Shaz Beth , Mack Samantha , Schroeder Kadi , Anani Waseem , Szczepiorkowski Zbigniew M. , Dumont Larry J. , Yegneswaran Subramanian , Corash Laurence , Mufti Nina , Benjamin Richard J. , Erickson Anna C.
Published: July 2022

Background

Amotosalen/UVA pathogen‐reduced platelet components (PRPCs) with storage up to 7 days are standard of care in France, Switzerland, and Austria. PRPCs provide effective hemostasis with reduced risk of transfusion‐transmitted infections and transfusion‐associated graft versus host disease, reduced wastage and improved availability compared with 5‐day‐stored PCs. This study evaluated the potency of 7‐day PRPCs by in vitro characterization and in vivo pharmacokinetic analysis of autologous PCs.

Study Design and Methods

The in vitro characteristics of 7‐day‐stored apheresis PRPCs suspended in 100% plasma or 65% platelet additive solution (PAS‐3)/35% plasma, thrombin generation, and in vivo radiolabeled post‐transfusion recovery and survival of 7‐day‐stored PRPCs suspended in 100% plasma were compared with either 7‐day‐stored or fresh autologous conventional platelets.

Results

PRPCs after 7 days of storage maintained pH, platelet dose, in vitro physiologic characteristics, and thrombin generation when compared to conventional 7‐day PCs. In vivo, the mean post‐transfusion survival was 151.4 ± 20.1 h for 7‐day PRPCs in 100% plasma (Test) versus 209.6 ± 13.9 h for the fresh autologous platelets (Control), (T‐ΔC: 72.3 ± 8.8%: 95% confidence interval [CI]: 68.5, 76.1) and mean 24‐h post‐transfusion recovery 37.6 ± 8.4% for Test versus 56.8 ± 9.2% for Control (T‐ΔC: 66.2 ± 11.2%; 95% CI: 61.3, 71.1).

Discussion

PRPCs collected in both 100% plasma as well as 65% PAS‐3/35% plasma and stored for 7 days retained in vitro physiologic characteristics. PRPCs stored in 100% plasma for 7 days retained in vivo survival. Lower in vivo post‐radiolabeled autologous platelet recovery is consistent with reported reduced count increments for allogenic transfusion.
Hospital red blood cell and platelet supply and utilization from March to December of the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic: The BEST collaborative study
Authors: Lu Wen , Yazer Mark , Li Na , Ziman Alyssa , Wendel Silvano , Tang Hongying , Tsang Hamilton , Titlestad Kjell , Thibodeaux Suzanne R. , Shih Andrew W. , Poisson Jessica L. , Pham Tho , Pandey Suchi , Pagano Monica B. , Shan Hua , Murphy Mike , Murphy Colin , Savioli Mariana Lorenzi , Kutner José Mauro , Hess Aaron S. , Fontaine Magali J. , Fachini Roberta , Dunbar Nancy M. , Kaufman Richard M. ,   Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusions Collaborative
Published: July 2022

Background

At the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, widespread blood shortages were anticipated. We sought to determine how hospital blood supply and blood utilization were affected by the first wave of COVID‐19.

Study Design and Methods

Weekly red blood cell (RBC) and platelet (PLT) inventory, transfusion, and outdate data were collected from 13 institutions in the United States, Brazil, Canada, and Denmark from March 1st to December 31st of 2020 and 2019. Data from the sites were aligned based on each site's local first peak of COVID‐19 cases, and data from 2020 (pandemic year) were compared with data from the corresponding period in 2019 (pre‐pandemic baseline).

Results

RBC inventories were 3% lower in 2020 than in 2019 (680 vs. 704, p < .001) and 5% fewer RBCs were transfused per week compared to 2019 (477 vs. 501, p < .001). However, during the first COVID‐19 peak, RBC and PLT inventories were higher than normal, as reflected by deviation from par, days on hand, and percent outdated. At this time, 16% fewer inpatient beds were occupied, and 43% fewer surgeries were performed compared to 2019 (p < .001). In contrast to 2019 when there was no correlation, there was, in 2020, significant negative correlations between RBC and PLT days on hand and both percentage occupancy of inpatient beds and percentage of surgeries performed.

Conclusion

During the COVID‐19 pandemic in 2020, RBC and PLT inventories remained adequate. During the first wave of cases, significant decreases in patient care activities were associated with excess RBC and PLT supplies and increased product outdating.
INFLUENCE OF CONSUMPTION OF PROBIOTIC DAIRY YOGURT ON GUT MICROBIOME STRUCTURE
Authors: Pernebek Zh. , Babenko D. , Tarzhanova D. , Uyzbaeva I. , Khassenbekova Zh. , Kozhakhmetova S. , Kushugulova A. , Kozhakhmetov S.
Published: July 2022

This study shows the potential of probiotic dairy product to modulate the gut microbiota. The effect of the product on the intestinal microflora was determined by examining the fecal microflora of rats before and after 4 weeks of adding a fermented milk probiotic product to the diet. Structural changes in the faecal microflora were studied on the basis of sequencing V1-V3 hypervariable target region 16S rRNA gene. Sequencing results showed a decrease in microbiota biodiversity after taking a probiotic product. Nevertheless, enrichment of the microflora with butyrate-producing microorganisms Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Lactobacillales and depletion of Porphyromonadaceae, Eggerthella, Romboutsia, Fusicatenibacter and Bacillus, which are not belong to the order Lactobacillales.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF BACTERIOPHAGES SANITARY-INDICATIVE MICROORGANISMS
Authors: Monarchovich M.A. , Galaburda O.A. , Arashkova A.A. , Sverchkova N.V. , Kolomiets E.I.
Published: July 2022

Isolated phages showed activity toward opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria of genera Escherichia (K3P1, K3P2, BIM BV-44 D) and Pseudomonas (PsP1), formed lysis zones shaped as negative homogeneous colonies with a clear-cut even edge (K3P1, PsP1, BIM BV -44 D), or negative colonies with a peripheral zone of partial lysis (K3P2). The diameter of phage plaques varied from 0,5–1,5 mm. Lytic activity spectrum of phage isolates was investigated. It was found that the studied bacteriophages displayed species specificity. Bacteriophages K3P1, K3P2 were distinguished by the highest lytic range. Differences in the isolated bacteriophages according to restriction profiles were revealed. Bacteriophage distinctions in restriction profiles were revealed. Interaction of bacteriophages with cells of bacteria of E. coli and Ps. aeruginosa was explored. The tested bacteriophage strains demonstrating lytic activity toward sanitary-indicative bacterial species may find use as disinfectants in detergents.
High affinity of recombinant DJ-1 (PARK7) protein to Ni-NTA
Authors: Mussakhmetov A. , Utepbergenov D. , Khassenov B.
Published: July 2022

The DJ-1 protein also known as Parkinson disease protein 7 (PARK7) is a glyoxalase associated with hereditary form of Parkinson's disease. Glyoxalase DJ-1 consists of 189 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 20 kDa. The physiological role of DJ-1 is unclear but recent evidence suggest that it can detoxify reactive electrophiles formed in glycolysis. Expression and purification of the recombinant DJ-1 protein in Escherichia coli revealed an abnormally high affinity of rDJ-1 for Ni-NTA, which was accompanied by a color change of Ni-NTA from blue to blue-violet. rDJ-1 formed the strong complex with Ni-NTA, which was destroyed only by 2400 mM imidazole. Experiments with the mutant DJ-1 protein containing the Cys106Ser substitution confirmed the key role of cysteine at position 106 for the formation of this complex. The discovered phenomenon shows the potential of using the DJ-1-tag as a protein tag for obtaining high-purity protein preparations and for bioanalytical applications.
Distribution and genetic features of the causative agent of Alaria alata in wild carnivores of the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Kazakhstan
Authors: Smagulova A.M. , Uakhit R.S. , Lider L.А. , Lyalchenko А.S. , Kiyan V.S.
Published: July 2022

This article presents data on the study of the Alaria spp. pathogen isolated from wild carnivores (corsacs, foxes, wolves) caught in the territory of Karaganda, Kostanay, Akmola, and East Kazakhstan regions in the period from 2019 to 2022. As a result of the autopsy of wild animals, a collection of Alaria spp. was collected, the intensity of invasion varied from 1 to 1489 samples/animal, and the prevalence of invasion ranged from 10 to 36.11%. The primary taxonomic affiliation of the pathogen was carried out using determinants. Genetic identification was carried out by amplification of a section of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) marker gene. The resulting 557 bp amplicons. sequenced using the Sanger method. The nucleotide sequences were deposited in the international GenBank database under accession numbers: from the fox - OM630451, ON248128, ON248130, from the corsac - OM630460, ON248043, ON248044, ON248045, from the wolf - ON358106. Bioinformatics analysis to build a phylogeny showed that the samples of Alaria alata studied by us were combined into a separate cluster by identity, which ranged from 90-98%.
PROSPECTS FOR THE PURIFICATION OF SURFACE RESERVOIRS FROM BIOGENIC ELEMENTS
Authors: Tekebayeva Zh.B. , Bazarkhankyzy A. , Temirbekova A.Zh. , Bissenova G.N. , Kulagin A.A. , Tynybayeva I.K. , Temirkhanov A.Zh. , Askarova N.B. , Sarmurzina Z.S.
Published: July 2022

The threat of water scarcity and inefficient management of water resources can become a major obstacle to the sustainable economic growth and social development in Kazakhstan. Pollutants enter surface water bodies mainly as a result of human activities. Among the various substances present in wastewater, nitrogen and phosphorus compounds deserve the most attention. Getting into water bodies, they cause eutrophication, which can be dangerous for the ecosystem as a whole and for humans. Among the various methods of wastewater treatment, biological methods are considered the most promising and effective. In this regard, the search for active microorganisms and microalgae for the purification of water bodies from biogenic elements is especially relevant. The object of the study was Lake Big Taldykol, recreated asa result of the reclamation of theTaldykol wastewater evaporator and being one of the important water bodies of the city of Nur-Sultan. It has been revealed that in recent years the main substances polluting the water bodies of the capital are total phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, chlorides, sulfates, total iron, mineralization and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Chemical analysis of water samples from Lake Big Taldykol showed excesses in chlorides, sulfates, COD, total iron, suspended solids, and dry residue. The prospects for the use of microorganisms that are destructors of biogenic and organo-mineral pollutants are considered. Cultures of microorganisms and green microalgae were isolated from the water of Big Taldykol Lake. The use of the studied microorganisms can reduce the amount of biogenic elements, thereby reducing their potential for eutrophication.
Olympic and Paralympic Coaches Living With Stress—Is It Such a Problem? Potential Implications for Future Coach Education in Sport
Authors: Loftus Simon , Taylor Robin , Grecic David , Harper Damian J.
Published: July 2022

Following increased research into how situational and organizational stress affects coaches’ performance and welfare, there is a need to understand how coaches appraise and cope with the stressors they experience. These experiences could help inform applied interventions that facilitate both positive behavioural and performance-related outcomes. This is particularly important in elite coaches who operate in international competitions. Thirteen Olympic coaches participated in semistructured interviews to identify how they appraised stress as they prepared for the Tokyo Olympic Games. The research identified nine subthemes, which were categorized into three general overarching themes: (a) stressors, (b) appraisal of stressors, and (c) coping mechanisms. Despite the prevalence of negative stressors, self-doubt, and self-presentational concerns, many coaches interviewed demonstrated a positive outlook in relation to stress. Furthermore, they had established strong communities of practice as coping mechanisms against the impact of stress on performance, welfare, and health. Therefore, this study provides novel insights into the broad range of physical, psychological, and emotional challenges faced by Olympic and Paralympic coaches in the buildup to Olympic and Paralympic Games. Coach education programmes can use this information to help coaches develop effective coping mechanisms, subsequently leading to more positive outcomes from the stressors they experience.
Gender Differences and Inequality? A 20-Year Retrospective Analysis Based on 39,980 Students’ Perceptions of Physical Education in Sweden
Authors: Jansson Alexander , Brun Sundblad Gunilla , Lundvall Suzanne , Bjärsholm Daniel , Norberg Johan R.
Published: July 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to critically examine previous studies’ claims about the magnitude of gender differences and gender inequality in physical education (PE) in Sweden. Method: The data were based on students’ (N = 39,980) perceptions of PE and were gathered from four large research projects in Sweden. Three effect size measures (Cramer’s V, r squared, and Cohen’s d) were calculated for gender differences. Results: In general, there are small gender differences; and after controlling for students’ grade, “sports capital,” and parents’ “educational capital,” the differences are practically irrelevant. Conclusion: This study provides compelling evidence that there are small, or even irrelevant, gender differences in students’ perceptions of PE in Sweden. Moreover, given that previous research asserts that large gender differences can be used as an indicator of inequality, this study suggests that gender inequality issues related to students’ perceptions of PE are relatively small.
Differential Overlap in Human and Animal Fecal Microbiomes and Resistomes in Rural versus Urban Bangladesh
Authors: Swarthout Jenna M. , Fuhrmeister Erica R. , Hamzah Latifah , Harris Angela R. , Ahmed Mir A. , Gurley Emily S. , Satter Syed M. , Boehm Alexandria B. , Pickering Amy J.
Published: July 2022

While the development of antibiotic resistance in animal gut microbiomes and subsequent transmission to humans has been demonstrated in intensive farming environments and high-income countries, evidence of zoonotic exchange of antibiotic resistance in LMIC communities is lacking. This research provides genomic evidence of overlap of antibiotic resistance genes between humans and animals, especially in urban communities, and highlights chickens as important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance.
Cytokines and Signaling Networks Regulating Disease Outcomes in Leishmaniasis
Authors: Saha Amrita , Roy Souravi , Ukil Anindita
Published: July 2022

Cytokines play crucial roles in commencing and coordinating the organized recruitment and activation of immune cells during infection. These molecular regulators play an important part in deciding the fate of disease outcomes in leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease of tropical and subtropical countries.
Activity of Delafloxacin and Levofloxacin against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia at Simulated Plasma and Intrapulmonary pH Values
Authors: Vialichka Alesia , Biagi Mark , Meyer Kevin , Wu Tiffany , Shajee Aisha , Tan Xing , Wenzler Eric
Published: July 2022

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
most often infects the lungs, where the physiologic environment is naturally slightly acidic (pH ~6.6), compared to most parts of the body (such as the bloodstream), which have neutral pH values (~7.4). Pneumonia due to
S. maltophilia
is often treated with the antibiotic levofloxacin, despite the activity of levofloxacin being known to be impaired at acidic pH.
Macroglossia as the initial presentation of AL amyloidosis: review and updates in treatment
Authors: Cherico Adriani Samuel , Rizvi Ali , Jayakrishnan Thejus , Mewawalla Prerna
Published: July 2022

We encountered a man in his 60s presenting with worsening macroglossia. The patient underwent extensive otolaryngology evaluation and was diagnosed with primary (AL) amyloidosis on tongue biopsy with Congo red stain. The patient then underwent a bone marrow biopsy and was also found to have concurrent multiple myeloma. He started induction therapy with daratumumab and CyBorD (cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, dexamethasone). Cardiac MRI revealed extensive cardiac amyloidosis and the patient was deemed high risk for autologous stem cell transplant (auto-HCT). Unfortunately, the patient underwent hospitalisation for heart failure exacerbation requiring extensive medical management and passed away as a result of this pathology. AL amyloidosis is a rare disease to begin with and macroglossia as the only presenting sign is notable. This case emphasises the importance of considering AL amyloidosis in patients presenting with similar complaints as macroglossia can be attributed to other less serious aetiologies.
Large vessel occlusion prediction scales provide high negative but low positive predictive values in prehospital suspected stroke patients
Authors: Keenan Kevin J , Smith Wade S , Cole Sara B , Martin Christine , Hemphill J Claude , Madhok Debbie Y
Published: July 2022

Introduction

We studied a registry of Emergency Medical Systems (EMS) identified prehospital suspected stroke patients brought to an academic endovascular capable hospital over 1 year to assess the prevalence of disease and externally validate large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke prediction scales with a focus on predictive values.

Methods

All patients had last known well times within 6 hours and a positive prehospital Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale. LVO prediction scale scores were retrospectively calculated from emergency department arrival National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores. Final diagnoses were determined by chart review. Prevalence and diagnostic performance statistics were calculated. We prespecified analyses to identify scale thresholds with positive predictive values (PPVs) ≥80% and negative predictive values (NPVs) ≥95%. A secondary analysis identified thresholds with PPVs ≥50%.

Results

Of 220 EMS transported patients, 13.6% had LVO stroke, 15.9% had intracranial haemorrhage, 20.5% had non-LVO stroke and 50% had stroke mimic diagnoses. LVO stroke prevalence was 15.8% among the 184 diagnostic performance study eligible patients. Only Field Assessment Stroke Triage for Emergency Destination (FAST-ED) ≥7 had a PPV ≥80%, but this threshold missed 83% of LVO strokes. FAST-ED ≥6, Prehospital Acute Severity Scale =3 and Rapid Arterial oCclusion Evaluation ≥7 had PPVs ≥50% but sensitivities were <50%. Several standard and lower alternative scale thresholds achieved NPVs ≥95%, but false positives were common.

Conclusions

Diagnostic performance tradeoffs of LVO prediction scales limited their ability to achieve high PPVs without missing most LVO strokes. Multiple scales provided high NPV thresholds, but these were associated with many false positives.
Enabling leaders of multispecialty teams via cross-training
Authors: Bäker Agnes , Maisano Francesco , Mestres Carlos A
Published: July 2022

Background

Teamwork across medical specialties improves patient outcomes. However, it also places an additional strain on team leaders, who must mediate between the medical specialties while at the same time belonging to one of them. We examine whether a cross-training incorporating communication and leadership skills can enhance multispecialty teamwork in Heart Teams and enable Heart Team leaders.

Method

In a prospective observational study, the authors surveyed physicians working in multispecialty Heart Teams worldwide, who participated in a cross-training course. Survey responses were collected at the beginning of the course and 6 months later, after course completion. Furthermore, for a subsample of participants, external assessments of course participants’ communication and presentation skills at the beginning and at the end of the training were elicited. The authors conducted mean comparison tests and difference-in-difference analysis.

Results

Sixty-four physicians were surveyed. A total of 547 external assessments were collected. The cross-training significantly improved participant-rated teamwork across medical specialties, and communication and presentation skills as rated by participants and external assessors who were blind to the time structure or training context.

Conclusion

The study highlights how a cross-training can enable leaders of multispecialty teams in their leadership role by raising awareness of other specialties’ skills and knowledge. Cross-training combined with communication skills training is an effective measure to improve collaboration in Heart Teams.
Are there BPS dyons in the generalized SU(2) Yang–Mills–Higgs model?
Authors: Atmaja Ardian Nata
Published: July 2022

We use the well-known Bogomolny’s equations, in general coordinate system, for BPS monopoles and dyons in the SU(2) Yang–Mills–Higgs model to obtain an explicit form of BPS Lagrangian density under the BPS Lagrangian method. We then generalize this BPS Lagrangian density and use it to derive several possible generalized Bogomolny’s equations, with(out) additional constraint equations, for BPS monopoles and dyons in the generalized SU(2) Yang–Mills–Higgs model. We also compute the stress–energy–momentum tensor of the generalized model, and argue that the BPS monopole and dyon solutions are stable if all components of the stress-tensor density are zero in the BPS limit. This stability requirement implies the scalar fields-dependent couplings to be related to each other by an equation, which is different from the one obtained in Atmaja and Prasetyo (Adv High Energy Phys 2018:7376534, arXiv: 1803.06122, 2018), and then picks particular generalized Bogomolny’s equations, with no additional constraint equation, out of those possible equations. We show that the computations in [1] are actually incomplete. Under the Julia–Zee ansatz, the generalized Bogomolny’s equations imply all scalar fields-dependent couplings must be constants, whose solutions are the BPS dyons of the SU(2) Yang–Mills–Higgs model (Prasad and Sommerfield in Phys Rev Lett 35:760, 1975), or in another words there are no generalized BPS dyon solutions under the Julia–Zee ansatz. We propose two possible ways for obtaining generalized BPS dyons, where at least one of the scalar fields-dependent couplings is not constant, that are by using different ansatze, such as axially symmetric ansatz for higher topological charge dyons; and/or by considering the most general BPS Lagrangian density.
Real spectral triples on crossed products
Authors: Rubin Alessandro , Dąbrowski Ludwik
Published: July 2022

Given a spectral triple on a unital [Formula: see text]-algebra [Formula: see text] and an equicontinuous action of a discrete group [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text], a spectral triple on the reduced crossed product [Formula: see text]-algebra [Formula: see text] was constructed by Hawkins, Skalski, White and Zacharias in [On spectral triples on crossed products arising from equicontinuous actions, Math. Scand. 113(2) (2013) 262–291], extending the construction by Belissard, Marcolli and Reihani in [Dynamical systems on spectral metric spaces, preprint (2010), arXiv:1008.4617], by using the Kasparov product to make an ansatz for the Dirac operator. Supposing that the triple on [Formula: see text] is equivariant for an action of [Formula: see text], we show that the triple on [Formula: see text] is equivariant for the dual coaction of [Formula: see text]. If moreover an equivariant real structure [Formula: see text] is given for the triple on [Formula: see text], we give constructions for two inequivalent real structures on the triple [Formula: see text]. We compute the KO-dimension with respect to each real structure in terms of the KO-dimension of [Formula: see text] and show that the first- and the second-order conditions are preserved. Lastly, we characterize an equivariant orientation cycle on the triple on [Formula: see text] coming from an equivariant orientation cycle on the triple on [Formula: see text]. We show, along the paper, that our constructions generalize the respective constructions of the equivariant spectral triple on the noncommutative [Formula: see text]-torus.
Personalized Watch-Based Fall Detection Using a Collaborative Edge-Cloud Framework
Authors: Ngu Anne Hee , Metsis Vangelis , Coyne Shuan , Srinivas Priyanka , Salad Tarek , Mahmud Uddin , Chee Kyong Hee
Published: July 2022

The majority of current smart health applications are deployed on a smartphone paired with a smartwatch. The phone is used as the computation platform or the gateway for connecting to the cloud while the watch is used mainly as the data sensing device. In the case of fall detection applications for older adults, this kind of setup is not very practical since it requires users to always keep their phones in proximity while doing the daily chores. When a person falls, in a moment of panic, it might be difficult to locate the phone in order to interact with the Fall Detection App for the purpose of indicating whether they are fine or need help. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of running a real-time personalized deep-learning-based fall detection system on a smartwatch device using a collaborative edge-cloud framework. In particular, we present the software architecture we used for the collaborative framework, demonstrate how we automate the fall detection pipeline, design an appropriate UI on the small screen of the watch, and implement strategies for the continuous data collection and automation of the personalization process with the limited computational and storage resources of a smartwatch. We also present the usability of such a system with nine real-world older adult participants.
Global dynamics of GDP and trade
Authors: Kakkad Abhin , Ray Arnab K.
Published: July 2022

We use the logistic equation to model the dynamics of the GDP and the trade of the six countries with the highest GDP in the world, namely, USA, China, Japan, Germany, UK and India. From the modeling of the economic data, which are made available by the World Bank, we predict the maximum values of the growth of GDP and trade, as well as the duration over which exponential growth can be sustained. We set up the correlated growth of GDP and trade as the phase solutions of an autonomous second-order dynamical system. GDP and trade are related to each other by a power law, whose exponent seems to differentiate the six national economies into two types. Under conducive conditions for economic growth, our conclusions have general validity.
Value-Added Tax and Corporate Tax Burden: Evidence from China’s Value-Added Tax Rate Reform
Authors: Liu Xiufen , Fang Hongsheng
Published: July 2022

China introduced the value-added tax (VAT) rate reform in 2017 to reduce the burden on firms and stimulate the economy. This study builds a simple theoretical framework and employs the 2017 VAT rate reform as a quasi-natural experiment to evaluate the effects of the VAT rate reform on the corporate tax burden. We find that the VAT rate reform significantly reduces the corporate total tax burden by 9.1% (an effect mainly driven by the decrease in the VAT burden), while the reform has no significant impact on enterprise income tax burden. Furthermore, the effects of VAT reduction on the corporate tax burden are primarily significant in firms with lower intermediate input ratios, firms facing lower market monopolies, firms from eastern China and firms with high-fixed assets.
Unrelated Parallel Machine Scheduling with Job Splitting, Setup Time, Learning Effect, Processing Cost and Machine Eligibility
Authors: Zheng Feifeng , Jin Kaiyuan , Xu Yinfeng , Liu Ming
Published: July 2022

This work investigates an unrelated parallel machine scheduling problem in the shared manufacturing environment. Based on practical production complexity, five job and machine-related factors, including job splitting, setup time, learning effect, processing cost and machine eligibility constraint, are integrated into the considered problem. Parallel machines with uniform speed but non-identical processing capabilities are shared on a sharing service platform, and jobs with different types can only be processed by the machines with matching eligibilities. The platform pays an amount of processing cost for using any machine to process the jobs. To balance the processing cost paid and the satisfaction of customers, we aim to minimize the weighted sum of total processing cost and total completion time of jobs in the considered problem. We establish a mixed integer linear programming model, and provide a lower bound by relaxing the machine eligibility constraint. The CPLEX solver is employed to generate optimal solutions for small-scale instances. For large-scale instances, we propose an efficient heuristic algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that for various instance settings, the proposed algorithm can always produce near optimal solutions. We further present several managerial insights for the shared manufacturing platform.
Deformation quantization for systems with second-class constraints in deformed fermionic phase space
Authors: Lin Bingsheng , Heng Taihua
Published: July 2022

In order to quantize systems involving second-class constraints, one should use Dirac bracket instead of Poisson bracket. Furthermore, one can specify a star product in which the term linear in [Formula: see text] is proportional to the Dirac bracket. In this way an oscillator system in a deformed fermionic phase space is analyzed and the corresponding energy level and Wigner functions are evaluated according to scheme of deformation quantization. We also study the entanglement entropy induced by the deformation of the fermionic phase space.
Reconstruction in the Horndeski theory within the scope of the Bianchi I cosmology
Authors: Muharlyamov Ruslan K. , Pankratyeva Tatiana N.
Published: July 2022

In this paper, [R. K. Muharlyamov and T. N. Pankratyeva, Eur. Phys. J. Plus 136, 590 (2021)] we have proposed a reconstruction method for the kinetic gravity braiding theory in the framework of the flat Friedman–Robertson–Walker spacetime. Here, we develop this method in the Bianchi I spacetime model for a subclass of the Horndeski theory: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. The Hubble parameter [Formula: see text] and the canonical kinetic term [Formula: see text] are set a priori. The choice of the function [Formula: see text] determines the anisotropic properties of the Universe. This makes it possible to provide believable anisotropy. The presented method allows for a realistic model of the Universe to simply reconstruct some scalar field theory. Reconstruction example is given for anisotropic model of a post-inflationary transition to the radiation-dominated phase. The model is investigated for the absence ghosts and Laplacian instabilities.
On some properties of elliptic partial differential equation solutions
Authors: Gushchin A. K.
Published: July 2022

This paper is devoted to the study of properties of second-order elliptic equation solutions. The main content of the paper coincides with the report made by the author at the international conference dedicated to the 75th anniversary of I. V. Volovich. The solution behavior near the boundary and the Dirichlet problem formulation, which is closely related to this issue, are studied.

At the end of the paper, we will briefly discuss the results obtained in elegant and extremely important works by E. De Giorgi and J. Nash regarding Hölder continuity of the equation solutions within the considered domain. We present results that combine and complement the belonging of the solution to the Hölder and Sobolev spaces. Note that all the concepts and statements under consideration are united by a common approach and are formulated in close terms.
About the Jensen inequality for numerical n-means
Authors: Gibilisco Paolo
Published: July 2022

Starting from an idea of Rao the Jensen inequality for 2-means has been proved by Gibilisco and Hansen. In this note, it is discussed how this result could be generalized for n-means.
Quantum noise as noncommutative stationary random process
Authors: Holevo A. S.
Published: July 2022

In this expository paper, we consider quantum Gaussian signal + noise models with time-continuous stationary colored noise and discuss the coding theorem for the classical capacity of quantum broadband gauge-covariant Gaussian channels.
Extended Z3-graded Lorentz symmetry and quark chromodynamics
Authors: Kerner R.
Published: July 2022

We propose a modification of standard QCD description of the color triplet of quarks by introducing a 12-component color generalization of Dirac spinor, with built-in [Formula: see text] grading playing an important algebraic role in quark confinement. In the “color Dirac equations” the [Formula: see text] color symmetry is entangled with the [Formula: see text]-graded generalization of Lorentz symmetry, containing three 6-parameter sectors related by [Formula: see text]-graded maps. The generalized Lorentz covariance requires simultaneous presence of 12 color Dirac multiplets, which lead to the description of all internal symmetries of quarks: besides [Formula: see text], the flavor symmetries and three quark families. We also discuss the generalized gauge fields and show how the Standard Model content appears naturally due to the overall [Formula: see text] symmetry.
On a class of convolution type nonlinear integral equations with an even kernel
Authors: Khachatryan Kh. A. , Petrosyan H. S.
Published: July 2022

The work is devoted to the study and solution of one class of nonlinear integral equations with monotone and noncompact Hammerstein-type operators on whole line. Equations of this kind arise in many branches of natural science. In particular, such equations are applied in the dynamic theory of [Formula: see text]-adic open–closed strings, in the kinetic theory of gases, in the mathematical theory of the spatial-temporal spread of pandemic. A constructive theorem for existence of non-negative nontrivial and essentially bounded solution is proved. The asymptotic behavior of constructed solution at [Formula: see text] is studied. It is also proved that the difference between the limit in [Formula: see text] and the solution represents summable function on [Formula: see text] Using results obtained a non-negative integrable and bounded solution for new class of integral equations on whole line with monotone and sign-alternating nonlinearity is constructed. Under additional restrictions on nonlinearity, a uniqueness theorem for a solution in a certain class of continuous and bounded functions is also proved. At the end of the work, the specific examples of above equations, satisfying all conditions of the formulated theorem are given.
Optimal control for state preparation in two-qubit open quantum systems driven by coherent and incoherent controls via GRAPE approach
Authors: Petruhanov Vadim N. , Pechen Alexander N.
Published: July 2022

In this work, we consider a model of two qubits driven by coherent and incoherent time-dependent controls. The dynamics of the system is governed by a Gorini–Kossakowski–Sudarshan–Lindblad master equation, where coherent control enters into the Hamiltonian and incoherent control enters into both the Hamiltonian (via Lamb shift) and the dissipative superoperator. We consider two physically different classes of interaction with coherent control and study the optimal control problem of state preparation formulated as minimization of the Hilbert–Schmidt distance’s square between the final density matrix and a given target density matrix at some fixed target time. Taking into account that incoherent control by its physical meaning is a non-negative function of time, we derive an analytical expression for the gradient of the objective and develop optimization approaches based on adaptation for this problem of GRadient Ascent Pulse Engineering (GRAPE). We study evolution of the von Neumann entropy, purity, and one-qubit reduced density matrices under optimized controls and observe a significantly different behavior of GRAPE optimization for the two classes of interaction with coherent control in the Hamiltonian.
Hermitian Yang–Mills equations and their generalizations
Authors: Sergeev A. G. , Sukhov A. B.
Published: July 2022

This is a review of the results on Hermitian Yang–Mills equation and their generalization called the deformed Hermitian Yang–Mills equation. Solutions of Hermitian Yang–Mills equation in complex dimension 2 are given by antiself-dual connections so this equation may be considered as a multidimensional generalization of the instanton equations. Deformed Hermitian Yang–Mills equation reduce to the Hermitian Yang–Mills equation in the large volume limit.
Bogoliubov’s causal perturbative QFT with Hida operators
Authors: Wawrzycki J.
Published: July 2022

We will present the axioms of Bogoliubov’s causal perturbative QFT in which the creation-annihilation operators are interpreted as Hida operators. We will shortly present the results that can be achieved in this theory: (1) removal of UV and IR infinity in the scattering operator, (2) existence of the adiabatic limit for interacting fields in QED, (3) proof that charged particles have nonzero mass, (4) existence of infrared and ultraviolet asymptotics for QED.
Dynamics of wave packets in the functional mechanics
Authors: Zharinov V. V.
Published: July 2022

In this note, we consider the mathematical aspects of the functional mechanics proposed and developed by I. V. Volovich. In particular, we briefly review the Liouville equation used to describe the dynamics of wave packets, study the characteristics of wave packets, such as the dynamics of their averages and dispersions, the features of dynamics in the case of Hamiltonian and Lagrangian theory, and give a number of simple examples illustrating general constructions.