bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developmental Shifts in Amygdala Activity during a High Social Drive State
Authors: Ferrara Nicole C. , Trask Sydney , Avonts Brittany , Loh Maxine K. , Padival Mallika , Rosenkranz J. Amiel
Published: October 2021

Amygdala abnormalities characterize several psychiatric disorders with prominent social deficits and often emerge during adolescence. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) bidirectionally modulates social behavior and has increased sensitivity during adolescence. We tested how an environmentally-driven social state is regulated by the BLA in adults and adolescent male rats. We found that a high social drive state caused by brief social isolation increases age-specific social behaviors and increased BLA neuronal activity. Chemogenetic inactivation of BLA decreased the effect of high social drive on social engagement. High social drive preferentially enhanced BLA activity during social engagement; however, the effect of social opportunity on BLA activity was greater during adolescence. While this identifies a substrate underlying age differences in social drive, we then determined that high social drive increased BLA NMDA GluN2B expression and sensitivity to antagonism increased with age. Further, the effect of a high social drive state on BLA activity during social engagement was diminished by GluN2B blockade in an age-dependent manner. These results demonstrate the necessity of the BLA for environmentally driven social behavior, its sensitivity to social opportunity, and uncover a maturing role for BLA and its GluN2B receptors in social engagement.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSocial engagement during adolescence is a key component of healthy development. Social drive provides the impetus for social engagement and abnormalities underlie social symptoms of depression and anxiety. While adolescence is characterized by transitions in social drive and social environment sensitivity, little is known about the neural basis for these changes. We found that amygdala activity is uniquely sensitive to social environment during adolescence compared with adulthood, and is required for expression of heightened social drive. In addition, the neural substrates shift toward NMDA dependence in adulthood. These results are the first to demonstrate a unique neural signature of higher social drive and begin to uncover the underlying factors that heighten social engagement during adolescence.
Synthesis and characterization of micro-nano carbon filler from Jatropha seeds
Authors: Khui Perry Law Nyuk , Rahman Md. Rezaur , Hamdan Sinin , Jayamani Elammaran , Bin Bakri Muhammad Kusairy , Sanaullah Khairuddin
Published: October 2021

Biochar was synthesized from biomass (jatropha seeds) through a low microwave pyrolysis temperature of 180 °C with microwave power of 2kW. A ball milling process reduced the jatropha seed biochar size and converted it into micro-nano carbon biofiller. After ball milling, the biochar size was reduced from 1 to 3 mm to the 10 µm to 600 nm range, which is around a 90% reduction in size. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis were used to determine the jatropha seed biofillers properties with respect to the ball milling processes. BET results revealed increasing surface area from 0.10 to 3.67 m2/g, and EDS results revealed the elemental composition of the jatropha seed biofillers. The carbon mass percentage increased from 72.6 to 81.2%. Both results were after ball milling for 30 hours. The FTIR results revealed an increase in transmittance intensity and some reduction in peaks after ball milling. Production of micro-nano carbon fillers from microwave pyrolysis jatropha seeds biochar are applicable as reinforcement fillers for high strength composite material fabrications. Scanning electron microscopy, EDS, FTIR, and BET analysis results indicated size reduction of the biochar with increased carbon content from 72.6 to 81.2% as surface area increased from 0.10 to 3.67 m2/g after 30 hours of ball milling.
Flexible nanocellulose/poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate hydrogels with tunable Poisson’s ratios by masking and photocuring
Authors: Bai Chanyu , Tang Aimin , Zhao Shan , Liu Wangyu
Published: October 2021

Flexible hydrogels with an adjustable Poisson’s ratio were prepared, offering a way to simulate the behavior of natural organisms, expressing corresponding deformation in response to external forces. Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) particles were blended with photo-curable resin poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), and flexible NFC/PEGDA hydrogels with positive, near zero, and negative Poisson’s ratios (0.66 ± 0.31, 0.17 ± 0.28, and -0.39 ± 0.26, respectively) and were successfully prepared using masking and photocuring. Furthermore, the effects of different curing times and mask apertures were investigated. The clarity and structural precision of the hydrogels were used to evaluate the effects of the preparation procedures. A curing time of 20 s and a mask aperture of 5 mm were the ideal conditions for preparation of NFC/PEGDA hydrogels. Further, addition of NFC resulted in excellent hydrogel flexibility and enhanced mechanical properties. The fabrication of NFC/PEGDA hydrogels with high structural precision and tunable Poisson’s ratios has the potential for application in wearable devices and intelligent monitoring equipment.
Scalp Nodules and Facial Droop in an Infant
Authors: Gaw Christopher E. , Turn Christina S. , Rheingold Susan R. , Castelo-Soccio Leslie , Tencer Jaclyn , Gans Anjuli S. , Scarfone Richard J.
Published: October 2021

A previously healthy, term, 5-week-old girl initially presented to her primary care physician with a solitary, enlarging scalp nodule. The infant was otherwise well without additional signs or symptoms of illness. Over the next several weeks, the nodule continued to grow, and additional lesions appeared on her scalp. An ultrasound of the primary nodule revealed a hypoechoic structure favored to represent a serosanguinous fluid collection. After evaluation by general surgery and dermatology, she underwent a scalp biopsy of the largest lesion. While biopsy specimen results were pending, her parents noted that she was developing increased irritability, difficulty closing her right eye, and facial weakness. She was referred to the emergency department where a right-sided facial droop involving the brow and forehead was noted. The skin biopsy specimen results, along with subsequent laboratory studies and imaging, led to the final diagnosis.
Patógenos respiratorios en niños con infección respiratoria baja aguda detectados mediante PCR multiplex en tiempo real
Authors: Montilla-Velásquez María del Pilar , Galvis-Trujillo Diego Mauricio , Lizcano-Gamboa Suli Liliana , Cobos Gisell Adriana , Rojas-Pinto Angela Tatiana , Rincón-Fernández Daniel Mauricio , Soler-Rincón Paola Jimena , Perdomo-Rivas María Alejandra , Orozco-Vanegas Diana Carolina , Mor-Rodríguez María Consuelo
Published: October 2021

Introducción. La infección respiratoria aguda en niños tiene una alta carga de enfermedad. La detección de múltiples microorganismos a través de pruebas moleculares en hisopados nasales podría cambiar el paradigma de patógeno único causal de enfermedad respiratoria en niños y ser de utilidad en la práctica clínica.
Objetivo. Caracterizar los patógenos identificados mediante prueba de reacción en cadena de polimerasa multiplex en tiempo real (RT-PCR) en hisopado nasal, así como las variables clínicas y resultados de laboratorio en niños <5 años diagnosticados con infección respiratoria aguda baja (IRAB) y hospitalizados en Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal realizado en 81 niños hospitalizados entre septiembre de 2019 y marzo de 2020 en la clínica Cafam y en quienes se hizo hisopado nasal para realizar la identificación microbiológica mediante la prueba RT-PCR múltiplex Allplex Allplex. Las correlaciones entre el número de patógenos y los niveles de células del hemograma y el nivel de proteína C reactiva se determinaron mediante el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman.
Resultados. La edad promedio fue 17.23 meses (±14.44), 54.32% fueron varones y 51.85%, lactantes menores. Se identificaron 145 microorganismos (61.38% virales) en 63 niños (77.78%),. Hubo infección mixta en el 48.3% y coinfección en 11.2% de los niños. Respecto a los hallazgos clínicos, la dificultad respiratoria, la obstrucción de la vía respiratoria alta, la tos, la fiebre y la faringitis fueron más comunes en los casos de infección mixta (32.97%), coinfección (64.40%), infección mixta (29.78%) y ausencia de microorganismo (22.00%), respectivamente. Se observó una correlación negativa entre el número de leucocitos y neutrófilos y el número de microorganismos detectados en preescolares (r=-0.46; p=0.058 y r=-0.51; p=0.033) y una positiva entre el recuento de monocitos y el número de microorganismos detectados (r=0.53; p=0.0096).
Conclusión. La prueba RT-PCR multiplex permitió la identificación de microorganismos en la mayoría de niños, así como de casos de infección mixta y coinfección en más de la mitad de la muestra. Además, los hallazgos clínicos fueron altamente heterogéneos entre los niños según el resultado de la prueba.
Um tutorial para utilização de videoaulas como organizadores prévios de uma aprendizagem significativa
Authors: Barbosa Alves Glayce Helena , Leite Silvano Débora
Published: October 2021

O presente estudo teve como objetivo auxiliar professores a desenvolverem videoaulas como organizadores prévios no processo de ensino de Ciências da Natureza. A proposta fundamenta-se teoricamente na Teoria da Aprendizagem significativa de David Ausubel e na contribuição das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação na sala de aula. Para tal, foi desenvolvido um vídeo tutorial contendo conceitos de organizador prévio, mapas conceituais, storyboard e roteiro, que demonstra a importância das videoaulas como conteúdo de ensino e apresenta sugestões de cursos de produção. A coleta de dados foi realizada mediante questionário aplicado durante realização de um workshop online, para avaliação da efetividade do produto educacional, no formato de um vídeo tutorial, aos alunos do Curso de Licenciatura em Biologia (Instituto Federal de Brasília). Concluímos que o vídeo tutorial poderá ser uma ferramenta digital útil para que os professores se apropriem das informações nele contidas e elaborem as suas próprias videoaulas com viés na Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa, aliada ao conhecimento tecnológico como ferramenta de ensino.
Cultural values in American and Spanish TV advertising at the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Pacheco-Baldó Rosa-María
Published: October 2021

This article discusses the similarities and differences found in some Spanish and American television advertisements broadcast at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. To carry out this study, forty advertisements shown on television in the two countries during the months of March and April 2020 were analysed. Qualitative and quantitative analysis considered the cultural dimensions of identity, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity. In addition, the Chi-square formula was also applied in order to confirm that the differences found in both groups of adverts were not significantly important. The results show that a great deal of similar messages and even expressions was conveyed to both audiences in both countries, although some differences were also found. Besides, the main goal of these ads in both groups was to comfort the audience, and not to clearly promote or advertise the product. Thus, this study demonstrates once again that despite the differences that these two cultural groups display, and which are usually portrayed in intercultural literature, the context highly influences the values typically assigned to a linguistic community. That is reflected in the discourse of speakers, and it is the reason why we can find values opposite to those expected in a cultural group.
Digital populism and disinformation in «post-truth» times
Authors: Prior Hélder
Published: October 2021

This article presents an attempt to understand the relationship between digital populism and post-truth politics. At first, we will try to understand the fuzzy semantic category of populism. Next, we examine the growth of right-wing populism in Europe and its main characteristics. Finally, we analyze how the current model of networked communication, particularly direct communication, and the anatomy of digital social networks, become a fertile field for the dissemination of populist rhetoric, articulating the concept with the modern mechanisms of disinformation and falsification of reality.
Infodemia – an Analysis of Fake News in Polish News Portals and Traditional Media During the Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: Popiołek Malwina , Hapek Monika , Barańska Marzena
Published: October 2021

The article addresses the issue of the presence of false information on coronavirus in the Polish news media between January and September 2020. The research aimed to check the extent to which traditional media participate in disinformation processes during the pandemic. An attempt has also been made at explaining the reasons for the publication of fake news in these media. Sources of information that Poles use most often were examined: popular information portals, traditional media websites, and social media (Facebook and Twitter). The article analyses false information in both quantitative and qualitative terms. A total of 101 pieces of false information made available online were diagnosed, of which every fourth news item (25.74%) appeared in opinion-forming media (three most popular news portals and all traditional media were taken into account). The qualitative analysis shows that publishing false information in the opinion-forming media is the result of changes in the journalistic work environment (especially declining standards of work, a desire to attract the attention of the media audience and the pursuit of the media organisations’ own interests). However, this issue requires further research in editorial offices and among journalists.
Informações dos Investimentos de Marketing: Recurso de Diferenciação ou Segredo?
Authors: Garcia Evelini Lauri Morri , Vieira Valter Afonso , Borges Caroline Pereira
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: drawing on voluntary disclosure theory, the paper’s main goal was to analyze the main effect of marketing intensity and the moderating role of life cycle on disclosure of marketing investments. Method: the sample includes 89 Brazilian companies listed on B3 stock exchange. We collected financial data from two sources, such as Economatica platform and in the explanatory notes and management report from the companies, which we coded through content analysis. We merged these two datasets and analyzed it using multiple linear regression. Results: both the marketing intensity and the life cycle of companies have effects on disclosure of marketing investments. In addition, the birth and growth phases moderate the main effect of marketing intensity, reducing the level of disclosure. This moderation is identified especially in disclosures of qualitative information. Conclusions: the findings support the voluntary disclosure theory based on arguments of judgment-based disclosure. Outcomes showed that when there is a high intensity of marketing investments, disclosure of marketing investments is managed by moving from the status of secrecy in companies in the birth and growth phases of life cycle to the status of differentiation resource in companies in the maturity phase of life cycle.
Validation of computational liquefaction for tailings: Tar Island slump
Authors: Shuttle Dawn , Marinelli Ferdinando , Brasile Sandro , Jefferies Michael
Published: October 2021

Finite-element analyses using critical state theory proved necessary to understand the development of static liquefaction during three recent large tailing dam failures at Fundao (in Brazil), Cadia (in Australia) and Brumadinho (in Brazil). However, the complexity of these events prevents these analyses being viewed as a complete validation of the methodology. Here the authors evaluate a far simpler case of static liquefaction: the 1974 Tar Island slump (in Canada). This upstream slump involved a rapid drop of 5 m during construction of a 12.5 m high upstream raise over loose tailings. While not a dam stability issue, the event has the attraction for validation of being load-induced, with simple geometry, and with known material properties and in situ state. The computed liquefaction develops from a prior drained condition before propagating rapidly undrained – there are similarities to the video record at Brumadinho (an animation is provided as online supplementary material to illustrate this). A range of scenarios are explored, with the base case of taking reported conditions at face value giving deformations close to those measured. An important aspect was using elastic shear moduli determined by geophysical methods. The analyses were carried out with commercial software (Plaxis) and used critical state theory with largely familiar soil properties measured by standard methods.
Contribution of Highly Qualified Employees to Regional Economy
Authors: Korshunov Ilya A. , Shirkova Natalia N. , Zavivaev Nikolay S.
Published: October 2021

Knowledge and skills concentrated in human capital are increasingly important factors of economic development. However, there is a lack of a methodology for determining, which skills are necessary for the efficient industrial development. To this end, we examine skill requirements of regional employers potentially leading to an increase in economic indicators. Skills in demand were compared with predicted indicators based on a se mantic content analysis of vacancy databases in various regions of the Russian Federation. It was revealed that the list of demanded competencies depends not on a geographical aspect but on a specific profession. An analysis of the obtained data demonstrated that the growth in demand for highly qualified employees in the Russian Federation is correlated with an increase in gross value added of relevant industries. A linear correlation between gross value added per employee and the need for skilled specialists was demonstrated on the example of the transport sector. The proposed methodology can be used by educational organisations for targeted training of specialists, as well as by employers and experts for forecasting medium- and long-term socio-economic development of Russian regions.
Assessment of Migration Policy Measures Implemented in the Russian Far East
Authors: Shmidt Yury D. , Ivashina Natalya V.
Published: October 2021

The present paper analyses migration policy measures implemented in the Russian Far East, namely, State Programme to Assist the Voluntary Resettlement of Compatriots Living Abroad to the Russian Federation, the Far-Eastern Hectare Programme, establishment of Priority Development Areas (PDAs) and territories with a special regime of economic activity. The synthetic control method was applied to quantitatively assess how the adopted measures affect the migration outflow from regions of the Far Eastern Federal District. According to this method and relevant statistics, constituent entities of the Far Eastern Federal District were compared with control regions of the Siberian Federal District, where these policy tools have not been introduced. Comparable areas had similar socio-economic development trends and migration flows in the period preceding the implementation of the state programmes. To analyse the impact of migration policy changes in 2011–2018, the difference between outflow values of the Far Eastern and synthetic control regions was calculated. The results showed that the average estimated values are negative and significantly different from zero. This indicates a positive effect of new migration mitigation measures on reducing the outflow from the Russian Far East. Future research will separately assess the effectiveness of each migration policy tool implemented in the Far Eastern Federal District.
Sustainability of the EU-28 Trade with China and the USA
Authors: Hilmola Olli-Pekka , Panova Yulia
Published: October 2021

There has been a lot of debate in global politics about fair trade, surpluses (also called positive trade accounts), and deficits (negative trade accounts) among the USA, China and the European Union (EU). The study aims to analyse the countries’ trade accounts through the lenses of international finance theory. Based on financial analytical models, the countries’ competitiveness and changes in their net foreign wealth were examined. The factors considered in the literature review are as follows: exchange rate, government tariff and tax policies, saving rate, manufacturing base, investments, natural resource abundance and others. The computation of the trade accounts was conducted using the ten-year international trade data (2009–2018) for the EU-28 member countries that became the main importer for China instead of the USA in 2019. The con ducted empirical research showed that Chinese trade has continuous deficits throughout European countries, and in some countries, it could be considered as an increasingly important structural issue (for example, in Poland and the Czech Republic). Trade with the USA, in turn, typically produces surplus for European countries, where Germany is the leader. The provided conclusions hold value for international trade managers in terms of their potential influence on public policy in the researched countries. In light of the financial crisis, the current export shock could be used by countries as an occasion to change the course and depart from the assumptions, which do not advocate for free trade.
Smart Sustainable Cities: Smart Approaches and Analysis
Authors: Vukovic Natalia A. , Larionova Viola A. , Morganti Pierfrancesco
Published: October 2021

Nowadays, more than 700 smart city projects are developing worldwide. Smart-green integration in urban regions stimulates the development and implementation of the smart sustainable city (SSC) concept. The present research aims to analyse and classify modern approaches to this concept, as well as to identify which one is the most promising. Both rejecting and affirmative approaches to the topic of SSC were taken into account. We conceptually investigated and systematised modern affirmative approaches — technocentric, socio-economic, green economic and human-oriented ones. The analysed data on the smart sustainable city concept includes scientific works published and indexed in the international citation databases (Scopus and Web of Science), reports of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, the United Nations General Assembly, the International Energy Agency, as well as the authors’ survey results from previous research. The paper highlights the current trend of the dominance of sustainable and human-oriented approaches in the smart sustainable city concepts and the growing importance of smart urban communities. The examination of the EU case study demonstrated the important role of sustainable development and wastewater treatment in evaluating and ranking smart sustainable. The obtained results demonstrate that 75 % of SSCs from the Lisbon ranking stated waste treatment as their priority. Only 7 of 28 (25 %) chosen cities did not achieve great results in this area. This fact proves the priority of waste treatment in the development of the smart sustainable city concept. The findings confirm that the research results could be implemented in smart sustainable cities around the world.
Structural Dynamics of Employment of Older People in the Eurasian Economic Union Countries
Authors: Kalabina Elena G. , Gazizova Maiya R. , Khussainova Zhibek S.
Published: October 2021

Employment of older people can help solve problems arising from the population ageing. The growing demand for such employees creates favourable conditions for the realisation of their resource potential. In order to identify potential sectors for the employment of older workers, the study assesses structural shifts in the labour market by type of economic activity in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). It was hypothesised that, despite labour potential differences, the EAEU countries have similar industries characterised by positive trends toward increasing employment of older workers. After identifying these trends, the research classified theoretical approaches to the study of employment opportunities for older adults. The assessment of structural differences in employment by type of economic activity was conducted based on the selected methodology. To quantify changes in the EAEU countries, employment of older workers was analysed using the integral coefficients of structural shifts of Gatev and Ryabtsev. According to statistics on the population employment for 2014–2019, older people of the EAEU countries (except Armenia) can continue to work in real estate transactions, hotels and public catering establishments, as well as in the field of health care and social services. To stimulate the employment of older workers in these areas, state measures, based on the proposed recommendations, can focus on promoting entrepreneurship and expanding the information environment for older people.
Domestication reduces phenotypic plasticity in chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I.M. Johnst)
Authors: Munguía-Rosas Miguel A.
Published: October 2021

Background: Natural selection optimizes phenotypic plasticity in plants found in environmentally variable habitats. However, it is unclear how artificial selection has affected the phenotypic plasticity of crops. Reduced plasticity in crop yield is often considered a desirable feature in cultivated plants; however, limited phenotypic plasticity in this and other traits may also affect the ability of crops to cope with environmental variation.
Study species: Wild and domesticated chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I.M. Johnst).
Question: How domestication has affected the phenotypic plasticity of vegetative traits in response to the light environment?
Methods: Leaf area, leaf perimeter, leaf specific area, leaf production, trichome density, stem elongation, growth in stem diameter and slenderness were measured in clones of wild and domesticated plants. These clones were allocated to two contrasting light treatments: fully exposed to sun vs. placement beneath a shade cloth. The phenotypic traits and reaction norms were compared between the genotypes of wild and domesticated plants.
Results: Lower plasticity in leaf production and slenderness was observed in the domesticated compared to the wild plants. Leaf production and slenderness are associated with the shade avoidance syndrome, which was evident in wild plants but not manifested in domesticated plants. Reduced plasticity in leaf production also suggests yield stability.
Conclusion: Artificial selection reduces phenotypic plasticity in the yield of chaya and in its response to variation in light availability.
MAP OF RADIOISOTOPE PRODUCTION AND BATAN RESEARCH REACTOR UTILIZATION
Authors: Hastuti Endiah Puji , Kuntoro Iman , Suwoto Suwoto , Syarip Syarip , Basuki Prasetyo , Surbakti Tukiran , Sunaryo Geni Rina , Sudarmono Sudarmono
Published: October 2021

Currently, Indonesia through BATAN is operating three research reactors, namely the RSG-GAS reactor with the power of 30 MWt at Puspiptek south Tangerang (the first criticality in 1987), the TRIGA 2000 reactor with the power of 2 MW in Bandung which the first criticality in 1965 with the power of 250 kW, was increased to 1 MW in 1971, and further upgraded to 2 MW in 2000. Beside that, there is Kartini reactor with a power of 100 kW located in Yogyakarta (first criticality in 1979). These reactors are quite old, and in accordance with Bapeten regulations, have carried out the first periodic safety review, to obtain a reactor license for the next 10 years of operation. In line with this, one of BATAN's current national research programs is to increase the production of radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals, where reactors play a very important role in the production of certain isotopes. In tracing the data obtained from operational reports related to irradiation requests from reactor users, namely PTRR, PSTNT, and PT INUKI for radioisotope production, which has been carried out in the last 5 years, May 2015 until 25 August 2020, show that the irradiation request at RSG-GAS is still not optimal. In term of the utilization of RSG-GAS, it can still be optimized, which in this case needs to be balanced with post-irradiation processing capabilities. Meanwhile, from the results of tracing and data collection, it can be shown that at this time the reactors are still operating. The utilization activities of the reactors complement each other according to their age and facilities.
The application of the Vona du Toit Model of Creative Ability to self-employment in South African informal microenterprises
Authors: Monareng Luther L. , Franzsen Denise , Casteleijn Daleen , van Biljon Hester M.
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Persons with disabilities experience difficulties entering the formal South African labour market despite progressive legislation to enhance their economic participation. Consequently, self-employment becomes a work placement consideration for occupational therapy clients. However, self-employment requires certain volitional attributes, and the identification of such attributes would greatly enhance the outcome of vocational rehabilitation efforts. The aim of the study was to describe the level of creative ability of self-employed business owners in informal microenterprises METHOD: A descriptive, quantitative non-experimental research design was used. Sixteen self-employed business owners of informal microenterprises were interviewed and observed completing work tasks using the eight domains of the Activity Participation Outcome Measure (ApOM) based on the Vona du Toit Model of Creative Ability (VdTMoCA RESULTS: Participants were between 27 and 50 years of age. Their education levels ranged from no-education (6%) to tertiary education (19%) with the majority (38%) having a high school education. Based on the APOM scores, participants functioned on three levels of creative ability namely: Passive Participation, Imitative Participation and Active Participation. Most participants functioned at the Imitative patient-directed level with the highest APOM domain scores for all participants being Communication Skills, Affect and Role Performance CONCLUSION: To be successfully self-employed in an informal microenterprise, the required level of creative ability ranging from Passive to Active Participation, was identified. This provides occupational therapists with an understanding of these requirements when considering self-employment as work placement option Key words: Self-employment, informal, microenterprise, Vona du Toit Model of Creative Ability (VdTMoCA), Activity Participation Outcome Measure (APOM), work, vocational rehabilitation, placement.
The meaning that undergraduate Occupational Therapy students at the University of KwaZulu-Natal attach to the Occupation of dance
Authors: Lingah Thanalutchmy , Paruk Juwairiyya
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Occupational Engagement is an inextricable component of life and is considered essential to human survival. Doing an occupation that is positively perceived (such as dance) can lead to the experience and expression of meaning which then enhances quality of life. This study aimed to explore the meaning that undergraduate Occupational Therapy students studying at the University of KwaZulu-Natal attach to dance as an occupation METHOD: The study followed an exploratory qualitative research design with purposive sampling. Focus groups and semi-structured interviews were utilized to collect data which were analysed thematically RESULTS: Five themes emerged: Centre stage (an exploration of factors motivating engagement); On Pointe (beneficial effects of dance); My Solo Dance Experience (the individual's journey whilst engaging); It Takes 2 to Tango (exploring the role of relationships) & Dancing to the Beat (exploring time available for engagement). The hidden complexities of 'meanings' attached to the occupation of dance emerged which were experienced as subjective and multi-dimensional CONCLUSION: The study revealed that the meanings attached to dance were based on individual experiences with the occupation, others and the environment. Engagement in the occupation of dance (doing) enhances personal growth (becoming) and becomes a part of the individual (being Keywords: doing; being; becoming; belonging; occupational engagement; occupational balance; occupation; dance; meaning
Reevaluation of Wolfcampian Cyclothems in Northeastern Kansas
Authors: Miller Keith B. , West Ronald R.
Published: October 2021

Ten cyclothems from the Wolfcampian of northeastern Kansas, including parts of the Council Grove and Chase Groups, were examined in detail with particular attention to discontinuity surfaces and paleosol development. These cyclothems are shown to be bounded by major discontinuities, or sequence boundaries, where marine limestones abruptly overlie paleosol profiles. Occurring within these cyclothemic sequences are prominent meter-scale cycles that are bounded by flooding surfaces, many of which overlie facies exhibiting evidence of subaerial exposure. They are developed within both the marine carbonate and shale intervals and variegated mudstone intervals of the cyclothems. These meter-scale cycles show a consistent carbonate-to-clastic pattern regardless of their stratigraphic position or component facies. Climate fluctuations within a generally monsoonal environment are determined to be the most likely forcing mechanism for the meter-scale cycles, with wetter climate phases resulting in the increased influx of terrigenous clastic sediment and drier climate phases favoring carbonate precipitation. Evidence of climate change at the scale of the cyclothemic sequences is also recognized in the studied interval. Cycles at both scales indicate that relative sea-level rise was associated with increasingly arid conditions and that sea-level fall was associated with an intensification of seasonal rainfall.
Distribution of the Bandera Shale of the Marmaton Group, Middle Pennsylvanian of Southeastern Kansas
Authors: Brownfield Robert L. , Brenner Robert L. , Pope John P.
Published: October 2021

In southeastern Kansas, the Middle Pennsylvanian (Desmoinesian) Bandera Shale consists of sandstone, shale, limestone, and coal deposited between two carbonate formations, the underlying Pawnee Limestone and the overlying Altamont Limestone. Isopach maps and cross sections indicate that the Bandera Shale thickens southeastward towards the Oklahoma and Missouri borders. Analysis of gamma-ray-log signatures, augmented by neutron-log signatures, indicates that the Bandera Shale is rich in mudstone, with sandstones limited to intervals ranging from 10 ft to 30 ft (3-9.1 m) in thickness. Comparisons with previously studied cored and logged siliciclastic portions of overlying Missourian lithologies suggest that the Bandera Shale consists of various proportions of sandstone, siltstone, clay-rich shale, and calcite-cemented sandstone.

Exposures of the Bandera Shale in Bourbon County, Kansas, consist of interbedded shale and calcite-cemented, fine-grained sandstone. Sandstone beds, ranging from 3 cm to 20 cm (1.2-7.9 in) in thickness, are, in places, rhythmically laminated with organic-rich and organic-poor lamina forming 2-mm (0.8-in)-thick couplets. Many sandstone bedding surfaces in the lower and middle portion of the Bandera Shale are bioturbated with horizontal feeding trails and some vertical burrows that suggest marine environments. Thicker sandstone units are either trough cross-bedded, with sets up to 1.5 m (4.9 ft) thick, or amalgamated ripple cross-laminated and flaser-laminated.

Outcrop observations coupled with subsurface analysis indicated that Bandera Shale in southeastern Kansas was deposited as a siliciclastic complex that prograded westward during a sea-level lowstand. Siliciclastic sediments may have been deposited in a clastic wedge or deltaic complex, but sedimentary characteristics observed in outcrops record marine influence at least along the margins of the complex. Rhythmic stratification within sandstone beds that are interbedded with shale resemble tidal features described elsewhere in the Pennsylvanian of North America and suggest that embayments were present where tidal cells were amplified along a morphologically irregular shoreline. Bioturbated sandstone units, interbedded with clay shale, record high-energy events that influenced sand distribution.
Utility of Ground-Penetrating Radar in Near-Surface, High-Resolution Imaging of Lansing-Kansas City (Pennsylvanian) Limestone Reservoir Analogs
Authors: Martinez Alex , Kruger Joseph M. , Franseen Evan K.
Published: October 2021

High-resolution ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a subsurface imaging tool that can extend results gained from studies of reservoir-analog outcrops and add detailed information about reservoir analogs that is unavailable from either seismic data or well control alone. Integration of GPR-reflection information and outcrop photomosaics allowed detailed study of subtle changes in lithology and bedding surfaces by comparing lateral and vertical changes in GPR-reflection character with outcrop features. Outcrops are valuable for confirming interpretations of reflections and providing velocity information for the GPR data. Outcrops of two Lansing-Kansas City Group limestone units, the Captain Creek Limestone and the Plattsburg Limestone, were used as test sites to determine the vertical imaging resolution, penetration depth, and reflection character of high-frequency (500 MHz) GPR in interbedded carbonate and shale units, where the carbonate units contained thin interbeds of shale. Features as small as 0.1-0.2 m (0.3-0.7 ft)--including major architectural elements (such as major and minor bounding surfaces) and internal features (such as fractures, internal bedding, and crossbedding)--were successfully imaged and confirmed by outcrop data. Variations in GPR-reflection character between geologic units allowed recognition of argillaceous limestone units in the subsurface. Although shale and soil at the surface generally impeded GPR signal penetration, thin shale layers and shale at bounding surfaces actually enhanced reflectivity and aided in interpretation. Our results indicate that GPR can be successfully used as an aid in outcrop studies to provide quantitative data for use in reservoir modeling.
Revisions to the Nomenclature for Kansas Aquifers
Authors: Macfarlane P. Allen
Published: October 2021

The nomenclature for Kansas aquifers needs revision. Many of the names currently in use were derived in an ad hoc manner without the benefit of a consistent set of hydrogeologically based guidelines. Because nomenclature forms the basis of scientific discussion of hydrologic issues, names should be clearly defined and consistently applied in order to prevent erroneous or unintended hydrologic interpretations. The nomenclature revisions presented in this paper are based on the guidelines developed by the U.S. Geological Survey's Water Resources Division (Laney and Davidson, 1986). According to these guidelines, aquifer names should be based on lithologic, lithostratigraphic, or geographic names. The following new aquifer names are recognized in Kansas: glacial drift aquifer, Niobrara aquifer, Morrison-Dockum aquifer, Day Creek aquifer, Cedar Hills-upper Salt Plain aquifer, Wellington aquifer, Flint Hills aquifer, Osage Cuestas aquifer system, and Ozark Plateau aquifer system.
Modeling Dielectric-Constant Values of Geologic Materials
Authors: Martinez Alex , Byrnes Alan P.
Published: October 2021

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a near-surface geophysical imaging technique used for non-intrusive subsurface geologic and engineering investigations. Dielectric constant is a critical parameter for GPR surveys because it controls propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves through material, reflection coefficients across interfaces of different materials, and vertical and horizontal imaging resolution. Dielectric constant in rocks and sediments is primarily a function of mineralogy, porosity, pore fluids, frequency, geometries, and electrochemical interactions between rock components. Reported dielectric-constant values for sedimentary rocks provide general ranges of expected values, but these values may not adequately represent rocks in specific field conditions.

Time-propagation mixing modeling, a forward-modeling technique, was performed and showed good correlation between modeled and measured dielectric constants of selected sandstones and limestones. Additional models were constructed to investigate the role of lithology and fluid saturation on dielectric constant and GPR response. Three modeled rock examples of variable mineralogy, porosity, and saturation illustrate that bulk dielectric constant, which generally ranges from 2 to 38 in the materials modeled, is primarily controlled by water saturation and, secondarily, by porosity and mineralogy, although these variables are interdependent. Without data stacking, differences in dielectric constant must be greater than 2 to produce reflections that can be recorded above background noise. For the examples modeled, saturation differences of less than 35% between layers produced reflection signals above background noise, but in completely dry material, normal mineralogic and porosity differences may not produce discernible reflections without stacking.
A New Look at an Old Petroleum Province
Authors: Gerhard Lee C.
Published: October 2021

New petroleum paradigms in mature basins can be derived from re-examining geological parameters without bias of preceding theory. Kansas has a long history of oil and gas production with over 300,000 wells drilled. Precambrian basement faults in Kansas control the development of later structures, and probably, reservoirs. This study and re-interpretation of geologic history has identified a possible new play along reverse and thrust faults of the Humboldt Fault Zone along the eastern margin of the Nemaha uplift. This paper also suggests that the lack of significant petroleum production in the Salina basin is the result of migration barriers created by faults at the junction of two major fracture trends, rather than by limited local generation and migration.
Enigmatic Red Beds Exposed at Point of Rocks, Cimarron National Grassland, Morton County, Kansas
Authors: Smith Jon J. , Platt Brian F. , Ludvigson Greg A. , Sawin Robert S. , Marshall Craig P. , Olcott-Marshall Alison
Published: October 2021

Point of Rocks, a high-relief bluff overlooking the Cimarron River valley in Morton County, Kansas, is capped by distinct white beds of Neogene Ogallala Formation calcrete that overlie red beds of shale, siltstone, and sandstone. These unfossiliferous red beds are currently assigned to the Jurassic System; however, their age has long been debated due to a lack of marker beds, index fossils, and nearby correlative outcrops. As a result, geologists over the years have assigned the rocks to systems ranging from the Permian to the Cretaceous. In this study, four stratigraphic sections were measured in the red beds and three bulk samples were collected to determine the uranium-lead age distributions of detrital zircon (DZ) populations. Red-bed strata composed of fissile shale and sandstone are interpreted as alluvial overbank deposits, while dominantly trough cross-bedded and planar-laminated sandstones are interpreted as tidally influenced fluvial deposits. Detrital zircon age peaks can be grouped into at least seven subpopulations with a youngest single zircon age of 263.8 ± 12.1 Ma, a more conservative age of 293.0 ± 6.95 Ma based on the youngest grouping of three grain ages overlapping at 2σ, and a complete absence of Mesozoic age zircons. In addition, copper oxides along partings and fractures suggest that the red beds once hosted copper sulfides, a common constituent of regional Permian-Triassic red beds. The DZ data--in conjunction with the identification of the Permian Day Creek Dolomite marker bed in logs of nearby drilling tests--strongly suggest that the enigmatic red beds cropping out at the base of Point of Rocks should be assigned to the Guadalupian Big Basin Formation, the uppermost Permian unit in Kansas.
Multiscale Characterization of the Caney Shale — An Emerging Play in Oklahoma
Authors: Wang Yulun , Luo Guofan , Achang Mercy , Cains Julie , Wethington Conn , Katende Allan , Grammer G. Michael , Puckette Jim , Pashin Jack , Castagna Marc , Chan Han , King George E. , Radonjic Mileva
Published: October 2021

From a hydrocarbon perspective, the Caney Shale has historically been evaluated as a sealing unit, which resulted in limited studies characterizing the rock properties of the Caney Shale and its suitability for hydraulic fracturing. The objective of our research is to help bridge the current knowledge gap through the integration of multiscale laboratory techniques and to characterize the macro- and microscale rock properties of the Caney Shale. We employed an integrated approach for the characterization of the Caney using 200 ft (61 m) of Caney core from a target well in southern Oklahoma. Core observation and petrographic analysis of thin sections were combined to characterize the general rock types and associated fabrics and textures. Mineralogical composition, pore system architecture, and rock fabric were analyzed using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), and focused ion beam (FIB)-SEM. In addition, rebound hardness and indentation testing were carried out to determine rock hardness (brittleness) and elasticity, respectively. With the integrated multiscale characterization, three mixed carbonate-siliciclastic rock types were identified — mudstone, calcareous siltstone, and silty carbonate — likely representing a spectrum of deposition from low to relatively high energy environments in the distal portions of a ramp system. Silty carbonate contains mostly interparticle pores. The calcareous siltstones and silty mudstones contain a combination of organic matter pores and interparticle pores. Each of the rock types shows unique mineralogical compositions based on XRD. The mudstone lithofacies has the highest clay content and the least carbonate content. Calcareous siltstones show moderate carbonate and clay content. Silty carbonate indicates the highest carbonate content with the least clay content. In an order of mudstone, calcareous siltstone, and silty carbonate, rebound hardness and Young’s modulus show an increasing trend. As a result of rock-fluid interactions, there are potential scaling reactions during completion and production that could ultimately affect permeability and production rates. Overall, the proposed multiscale integration approach is critical for the geologic characterization of most rocks. However, in shale reservoirs dominated by microporosity and microstructure where engineered fractures are expected to provide permeability at a reservoir scale, successful integration is essential. An optimized, integrated geological characterization of the Caney Shale that is well aligned with the engineering designs in drilling, completing, and producing wellbores will ultimately lead to optimal production while providing safe and environmentally responsible operations.