bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimización dinámica basada en Fourier. Aplicación al proceso de biodiesel
Authors: Pantano M. N. , Fernández M. C. , Rodríguez L. , Scaglia G. J.E.
Published: December 2020

Este trabajo presenta una novedosa metodología para la optimización dinámica del proceso de producción de biodiesel a partir de aceites vegetales en modo discontinuo. La metodología propuesta tiene la particularidad de emplear la serie de Fourier para la parametrización de la acción de control, y algoritmos evolutivos para la optimización de parámetros. Las ventajas principales de esta estrategia son, por un lado, que los perfiles obtenidos son suaves, es decir, continuos y diferenciables, por lo tanto pueden implementarse directamente en sistemas reales, sin necesidad de filtrar o suavizar la señal de control; por otro lado, se requiere una mínima cantidad de parámetros para la optimización, evitando la sobre-parametrización, la cual puede disminuir la calidad de la respuesta. Los algoritmos propuestos han sido evaluados a través de simulaciones, obteniendo resultados muy satisfactorios comparados con los existentes en bibliografía.
Enhancing Fiscal Transparency and Reporting in India
Authors: Blagrave Patrick , Gonguet Fabien
Published: December 2020

Current fiscal transparency and reporting practices in India place it behind most peer G20 economies, implying that policy makers are lacking critical data to ground their fiscal and other economic planning decisions. The increasing use of off-budget financing at the central government level in recent years represents one key example of reduced transparency—we provide estimates of the public sector borrowing requirement and an extended notion of the fiscal deficit, each of which shows a more expansionary stance in recent years than
‘headline’ deficit figures presented in budget documents. We then investigate the current state of fiscal reporting practices in India and suggest areas for reforms—these include enhanced IT systems, stronger central-local coordination, and a gradual transition to accrual accounting.
Improving the Short-term Forecast of World Trade During the Covid-19 Pandemic Using Swift Data on Letters of Credit
Authors: Carton Benjamin , Hu Nan , Mongardini Joannes , Moriya Kei , Radzikowski Aneta
Published: December 2020

An essential element of the work of the Fund is to monitor and forecast international trade. This paper uses SWIFT messages on letters of credit, together with crude oil prices and new export orders of manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI), to improve the short-term forecast of international trade. A horse race between linear regressions and machine-learning algorithms for the world and 40 large economies shows that forecasts based on linear regressions often outperform those based on machine-learning algorithms, confirming the linear relationship between trade and its financing through letters of credit.
Energy, Efficiency Gains and Economic Development
Authors: Bogmans Christian , Kiyasseh Lama , Matsumoto Akito , Pescatori Andrea
Published: December 2020

Not anytime soon. Using a novel dataset covering 127 countries and spanning two centuries, we find evidence for an energy Kuznets curve, with an initial decline of energy demand at low levels of per capita income followed by stages of acceleration and then saturation at high-income levels. Historical trends in energy efficiency have reduced energy demand, globally, by about 1.2 percent per year and have, thus, helped bring forward a plateau in energy demand for high income countries. At middle incomes energy and income move in lockstep. The decline in the manufacturing share of value added, globally, accounted for about 0.2 percentage points of the energy efficiency gains. At the country level, the decline (rise) of the manufacturing sector has reduced (increased) US (China) energy demand by 4.1 (10.7) percent between 1990 and 2017.
Greenhouse Monitoring System Using IOT
Authors:   Electronics & Telecommunication, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, India., Kumar Sahil , Kumar Raj Ranjan ,   Electronics & Telecommunication, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, India., Kumar Sonu ,   Electronics & Telecommunication, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, India., Y. D Chincholkar ,   Electronics & Telecommunication, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, India.
Published: December 2020

This project is based on human less maintenance of agriculture . In this the moisture of the soil, temperature and light intensity of the place will maintained automatically. Although we can predict the upcoming weather, there can be changes like sudden rain or harsh sunlight. These unpredicted changes in weather can destroy the crops. To avoid this, this system will automatically maintain the conditions which are favorable for the crops. If there is sudden rain and if the temperature is too low for the crops, the system will turn on the heat lamp due to which the temperature will be maintained. If due to high temperature, the moisture of the soils gets reduced, the system will turn on the water pump to maintain the moisture. Some crops need specific amount of light. If there is a situation that the surrounding light is low for the crops, then the system will turn on the light bulb to maintain the light intensity. In all these situations the farmer need not to run behind things like turning on water pump, light bulb, fan, etc. This system will take care of the maintenance of agriculture. All this data will be transmitted to the mobile device of the farmer.
Merge and Split approach incolor image Steganography using Run Length Encoding and LSB Techniques
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, Karnataka State Akkamahadevi Women’s University, Vijayapura, KA, India., G Rajput , Chavan Ramesh ,   Department of Computer Science, Rani Channamma University, Belagavi, KA, India.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of steganography is to communicate secret messages between the sender and intended recipient in such a way that no one suspects the very existence of the message. The techniques aim to protect the secret information from third parties by embedding them into other information such as text, audio signals, images, and video frames. In this paper we propose a novel approach of hiding secret messages in multiple images (a cover image)using run length encoding and LSB techniques and communicate the message to intended person over the communication channel by transmitting individual images.Experiments are performed on a set of color images and performance of the proposed system is presented.
Evaluación de programa de intervención psicosocial para cuidadoras de niños y jóvenes con discapacidad severa: ensayo clínico aleatorizado
Authors: Giaconi M Carolina , Orellana César , Ayala Gabriela , Nahuelhual Paula
Published: December 2020

Introducción: El cuidado de un familiar dependiente implica un alto riesgo para el cuidador quien se ve propenso a padecer diversas alteraciones. Institutos teletón a partir del año 2017 implementó el programa Cuidar Cuidándote, que trabaja con cuidadoras de personas dependientes, a través de un acompaña-miento domiciliario en actividades de promoción del autocuidado, actividades de respiro y vinculación con la comunidad. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del programa “Cuidar Cuidándote” del voluntariado teletón, en la calidad de vida, sobrecarga y apoyo social de las cuidadoras de niños, niñas y jóvenes en situación de discapacidad con compromiso funcional severo, durante los años 2017 y 2018. Metodología: Estudio experimental aleatorizado simple ciego de evaluación de intervención psicosocial en 25 cuidadoras de niños, niñas y adolescentes con discapacidad severa del Instituto teletón Santiago. Se trabajó en dos grupos, el grupo experimental participó del programa Cuidar Cuidándote recibiendo 13 visitas domiciliarias, y el grupo control no participó del programa, quedando en lista de espera. Para la evaluación de la interven-ción se realizaron pruebas de calidad de vida, sobrecarga del cuidador y apoyo social percibido antes y después de la intervención. Resultados: Se observó una disminución estadísticamente significativa (promedio de 11,6 puntos en escala de Zarit) en la sobrecarga en cuidadoras de grupo de intervención. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas para apoyo social y calidad de vida. Conclusión: El programa “Cuidar Cuidándote” logra dismi-nuir el nivel de sobrecarga de las cuidadoras de niños, niñas y adolescentes con discapacidad severa.
Prevalencia de dolor crónico en pacientes con distrofia muscular de Duchenne en etapas no ambulantes
Authors: Rocha Diego , Certanec Zvonkitza
Published: December 2020

Introducción: El dolor crónico es un síntoma frecuente en pacientes con distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD) reportado en hasta un 73%, afectando las actividades, participación y calidad de vida; sin embargo, es un síntoma subdiagnosticado y por ende subtratado. Objetivo general: Determinar preva-lencia de dolor crónico en población con DMD en etapa no ambulante que se atiende en Instituto teletón Santiago (ItS). Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal en pacientes con DMD, activos en Instituto teletón Santiago, de 12 años y más de edad, que se encontraban en etapa no ambulante temprano o tardío. Mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario diseñado por los autores adaptando Brief Pain Inventory e ID-Pain, aplicado vía telefónica, se obtuvo datos sobre la presencia de dolor agudo, crónico, intensidad, frecuencia, localización, tiempo de duración, características clínicas del dolor, interferencia en actividades de vida diaria y uso de fármacos analgésicos. Con los datos recolectados se estimó la prevalencia de dolor crónico, de la última semana y medidas de resumen para localización, intensidad y características clínicas. Resultados: De 74 pacientes activos con diagnóstico de DMD que cumplían criterios de inclusión, se encuestaron 23 sujetos (porcentaje de respuesta de 31%); edad promedio de 18,3 años y 9 años desde pérdida de la marcha; la prevalencia de dolor agudo fue de 13% y de dolor crónico 13%; la localización más frecuente fue en las caderas, seguido por cuello y columna y extremidades inferiores, de duración y frecuencia variable e intensidad moderada. Conclu-sión: El dolor tiene menor prevalencia en la población estudiada en relación con la literatura, sin embargo, afecta múltiples localizaciones e impacta en sus actividades de la vida diaria, por lo que es importante consignar la presencia de dolor crónico en la práctica clínica. Se hace necesario obtener un mayor porcentaje de respuesta en futuros estudios y cuantificar el dolor con un ins-trumento confeccionado especialmente para esta población.
Efecto del paclobutrazol sobre el crecimiento de la planta, rendimiento y calidad del fruto en tomate
Authors: Ramos-Fernández Josúe , Ayala-Garay Oscar J. , Pérez-Grajales Mario , Sánchez-del Castillo Felipe , Magdaleno-Villar J. Jesús
Published: December 2020

Existen pocos estudios del efecto del retardador de crecimiento Paclobutrazol (PBZ) en el ciclo completo de producción del tomatecultivado en invernadero. En esta investigaciónseevaluóelefecto en variables vegetativas y reproductivas del híbrido de crecimiento indeterminadoEl Cid. Se evaluaron cinco tratamientosque variaronde cero a cuatro aplicaciones (a los 25, 77, 92 y 107 díasdespués de la siembra), con dosis de 50 mg∙L-1de PBZ (Cultar 25 SC)dirigidasal follaje,utilizandoun diseño completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones. La altura de planta y la longitud de los entrenudos se redujeron con relación a las plantas no tratadas, y el efecto fue mayor a medida queaumentó el número de aplicaciones. El número de entrenudos no resultó afectado.El rendimiento de frutos se incrementó (P≤0,05) cuando las plantas recibieron cuatro aplicaciones, al presentar aproximadamente 30 frutos con 3,573 kg de peso total por planta, y en las no tratadas 26 frutos y 3,078 kg por planta. El peso promedio de fruto,el grosor delpericarpio y el contenido de sólidos solubles fueronsimilaresen las plantas tratadas y no tratadas. Con aplicaciones hasta la formación el quinto racimo floral, un total de cuatro aplicaciones resultaronlasmás eficientes en la reducción de la altura de planta y mejorarel rendimiento por planta, sin afectar la calidad del fruto.
Understanding the Perceptions of Secondary School Youth toward Agricultural Careers in
Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya and Nigeria
Authors: Mulei Welissa , Larinde Bolanle , Adefioye Adedayo , Bobo Prince , Woomer Paul
Published: December 2020

Youth are critical participants in the modernization of African agriculture but often their perception of farming is negative. A baseline survey of 1264 students from eight secondary schools in Democratic Republic (DR) of Congo, Kenya and Nigeria was conducted to assess their attitudes toward career pathways to agriculture and agribusiness. KoboToolBox was used to collect data online before compilation and inspection for errors in Microsoft Excel and exportation into STATA for analysis. Findings were presented as summary statistics, frequencies and multiple linear regression. A large majority (86%) of the students attended agricultural courses and 54% identified agriculture as having a place in their future, but often not as their highest career ambition. Livestock, field cropping, small animal production, and horticulture were the most viable enterprises for the youngsters. Nearly half (46%) that were averse to agriculture as a career path based their decision upon excessive labor requirements (30%), difficulties in securing land (25%), and low returns to effort (20%). Disparities from a country, area and gender perspective were recorded. Perceptions and career plans among the sexes differed; with females having less experience with machinery, and were more drawn to horticulture and agro-processing. Despite unfavorable attitudes toward agriculture, the study established that youth from these countries recognize that opportunity exists from adopting modern farming methods and commercial agricultural enterprises. The results of this study suggest several avenues for future Start Them Early Program activities intended to strengthen career pathways toward agriculture in African secondary schools.

Keywords: Africa, agricultural education, career pathways, Start Them Early Program, youth
HydrothermalFoam v1.0: a 3-D hydrothermal transport model for natural submarine hydrothermal systems
Authors: Guo Zhikui , Rüpke Lars , Tao Chunhui
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Herein, we introduce HydrothermalFoam, a three-dimensional hydro-thermo-transport model designed to resolve fluid flow within submarine hydrothermal circulation systems. HydrothermalFoam has been developed on the OpenFOAM platform, which is a finite-volume-based C++ toolbox for fluid-dynamic simulations and for developing customized numerical models that provides access to state-of-the-art parallelized solvers and to a wide range of pre- and post-processing tools. We have implemented a porous media Darcy flow model with associated boundary conditions designed to facilitate numerical simulations of submarine hydrothermal systems. The current implementation is valid for single-phase fluid states and uses a pure-water equation of state (IAPWS-97). We here present the model formulation; OpenFOAM implementation details; and a sequence of 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D benchmark tests. The source code repository further includes a number of tutorials that can be used as starting points for building specialized hydrothermal flow models. The model is published under the GNU General Public License v3.0.
Who Puts the ‘Open’ in Open Knowledge?
Authors: Montgomery Lucy , Neylon Cameron , Wilson Katie , Huang Chun-Kai (Karl) , Hosking Richard , Ozaygen Alkim , Handcock Rebecca
Published: December 2020

This paper explores the concept of ‘open’ knowledge – and the growing importance of digital literacies in supporting a transformation of universities into open knowledge institutions. In order to operate as successful open knowledge institutions, universities must do more than support the transmission of research outcomes from experts located within the university to external communities. They must engage in knowledge-making with communities. This involves questions of equity, diversity and inclusion – who gets to make knowledge; as well the role of productive interactions across boundaries (disciplines/university/wider community) in its growth and spread. There is a genuine desire among many universities, research funders, and researchers themselves, to address the challenges of diversity, equity and impact implicit in the open knowledge agenda. However, open knowledge aspirations are being stymied by comparative rankings that are built on data that excludes the work of entire disciplines, continents and languages; and are not capable of capturing important aspects of the value universities create. Many of the stakeholders using these rankings to inform decision-making are unaware of the prejudices and blind spots that current measurement tools create and perpetuate. They are also unaware that it is possible to interact critically with the tools used to measure and narrate performance; to demand that new questions are asked of the digital traces that universities and research communities create; and build better tools for understanding the role of universities in processes of knowledge-making and sharing. As this paper discusses, the Curtin Open Knowledge Initiative, a major research project funded by Curtin University, is a deliberate effort to support the new forms of digital literacy needed to enable this shift.
The initiation and incrementation of sound change: Community-oriented momentum-sensitive learning
Authors: Bermúdez-Otero Ricardo
Published: December 2020

This article presents a theory of the initiation and incrementation mechanisms whereby individual phonetic innovations become community-wide sound changes. The theory asserts that language learners are community-oriented and momentum-sensitive: they are community-oriented in that they acquire and obey a mental representation of the collective linguistic norm of their speech community, rejecting individual idiosyncrasies; they are momentum-sensitive in that their mental representation of the community norm includes an age vector encoding linguistic differences between age groups. The theory is shown to fulfil four critical desiderata: (i) it accounts for the sporadic and localized occurrence of community-wide sound change, (ii) it incorporates Ohala’s prediction of a lawful relationship between the strength of the phonetic biases driving individual innovation and the typological frequency of the corresponding sound changes, (iii) it explains how community-wide sound change advances by intergenerational incrementation producing adolescent peaks in apparent time, and (iv) it reliably generates monotonic—including sigmoid—diachronic trajectories. Moreover, the hypotheses of community orientation and sensitivity to momentum, combined with the mechanical effects of density of contact, suffice to explain several macroscopic phenomena in the propagation of sound change, including class stratification, the curvilinear pattern in change from below, and the existence of change reversals. During propagation, linguistic variants do acquire indexical value, and so social meaning, but this produces only small-scale attitudinal effects; it is not the force that drives the intergenerational incrementation of sound change.
¿Por qué los gobiernos promueven estrategias de datos abiertos? Los casos de México, Chile y Colombia
Authors: Abusleme Cesar
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar cuáles serían las circunstancias políticas que llevan a las autoridades de gobierno a impulsar y desarrollar estrategias relativamente robustas de Datos Abiertos Gubernamentales (DAG), a pesar de que ello implicaría debilitar su posición de poder y entregar parte del control sobre la información pública a la ciudadanía, el Congreso y otros actores. Para ello, se estudian los casos de México, Chile y Colombia entre 2010 y 2018, países en que se han implementado políticas de DAG con diferentes grados de éxito. La información proporcionada por diversos entrevistados, en conjunto con el análisis de información secundaria, muestra que (1) la robustez de la estrategia de DAG de México debe bastante a los casos de corrupción en que se vieron envueltos directamente el presidente Peña Nieto y su señora; (2) la debilidad de la política de DAG chilena es coherente con un grado generalizado de desinterés por esta tecnología entre las autoridades gubernamentales; y (3) la robusta y gradual evolución de la estrategia de DAG en Colombia tiene como antecedente indirecto la intención del presidente Santos de mejorar la imagen internacional del país.
As organizações internacionais na democratização na América central
Authors: Rufino Rodrigues Marcelo , Silveira Ferro Salus , Zanchi Martins João
Published: December 2020

Os fatos históricos e políticos de Guatemala e Honduras demonstram um desenvolvimento lento dos mecanismos de controle democrático. Em um contexto de dificuldade em consolidar democracias transparentes, as atuações de organizações internacionais transformaram-se em opções para salvaguardar o funcionamento idôneo das democracias latino-americanas. Nesse contexto de permanente instabilidade, criou-se a Comissão Internacional Contra a Impunidade na Guatemala (CICIG), e posteriormente, a Missão de Apoio Contra a Corrupção e Impunidade em Honduras (MACCIH). De início, se propõe analisar as problemáticas institucionais dos países e a relação das organizações internacionais como meio de intervenção, utilizando-se da teoria institucionalista. Após, de modo comparativo, é analisada a historicidade e a atuação dessas instituições internacionais para identificar os fatores que levaram ao declínio das mesmas. Por fim, através dos resultados obtidos, buscam-se vislumbrar sob a perspectiva da teoria da poliarquia, os dilemas da democracia e soberania nesses países à consolidação democrática. Conclui-se que apesar da corrupção estrutural, ambas missões conseguiram obter êxitos em parte de suas atribuições. Contudo, o entrave político e o exercício da soberania foram fatores primordiais à derrocada das missões internacionais, sendo mais eficientes medidas de cunho doméstico, permitindo o fortalecimento das instituições locais e do sistema democrático como um todo.
Section 8 Structural and non structural details
Authors: Lanigan A. G. , Preston R. L. , Fisher R. W. , Stockwell M. J.
Published: December 2020

Seismic design of bridges
Effect of Thinning on Pericopsis elata (Harms) Meeuwen (Fabaceae) Found in Forest Plantations in the East and South Regions of Cameroon
Authors: Betti Jean Lagarde , Kemkeng Ferdinand , Ngueguim Jules Romain , Ambara Joseph , Tchatat Maturin
Published: December 2020

This paper assesses the response of Pericopsis elata trees to silvicultural operations conducted in abandoned plantations settled between 1972 and 1975 in the East and South regions of Cameroon. Trees quality and DBH were evaluated before and 6 years after 2009 thinning. The silvicultural treatment of thinning improved the quality (physiognomy), the annual diameter increment and the stand basal area of trees. The average percentage of winding trees dropped from 82.8% in 2009 before thinning to 44.1%, six years later after thinning (2015). The most important average diameters were observed in thinned plots (27.3 ±10.4 cm - 30.5 ±10.0 cm) compared to non-thinned plots (22.9±13.2 cm-23.3±10.8 cm). Thinned plots gained at least 6 cm in diameter in 6 years, which is trice compared to the 2 cm observed in the non-thinned plots. The average annual diameter increment was 0.45 cm/year in thinned plots against 0.34 cm/year in non-thinned plots in the same period. Thinned plots have gain at least 6 m²/ha in the stand basal area against 1 m²/ha for non-thinned plots.
Proposed Amendments to the Wildlife Protection Law of the People's Republic of China
Authors: Gao Lihong , Su Da
Published: December 2020

The outbreak of COVID-2019 has focused public attention on China's wildlife-related legal regimes, such as the regulatory regime for wildlife hunting and trade and the animal epidemic prevention regime, which is complex, with the Wildlife Protection Law as the core. On February 24, the standing committee of the National People's Congress (NPC) issued an emergency legal document, the Decision, which has the effect of banning wildlife consumption, guiding public awareness, and regulating the overall legal system, and directly initiates the revision of the Wildlife Protection Law. On 21 October 2020, the Wildlife Protection Law (draft amendment) was announced. Based on the Decision and the Draft, this paper believes that in future revisions of the Wildlife Protection Law the main focus should be on changing the form of state ownership, establishing a pluralistic protection system, increasing legal penalty, coordinating with other legislation, and concern for individual animal welfare.
¿Privacidad y protección de datos de los animales? un debate necesario en tiempos de la pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Cañabate Josep
Published: December 2020

En el contexto de la actual pandemia de COVID-19 el presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal poner de manifiesto la necesidad de garantizar un uso legítimo de la “información animal”. Los avances en tecnologías de la información suponen unos riesgos y amenazas para los derechos de los animales. En consecuencia, se hace necesario abrir una reflexión sobre el método más idóneo para protegerlos. En primer lugar, se analiza el tratamiento de los datos animales desde la perspectiva de la normativa de protección de datos. Finalmente, se estudia la posibilidad de proteger la información de los animales.
Crónica del CEAC 2020
Authors: Hernández Bernat
Published: December 2020

Crónica del CEAC (2020).
Tertúlia Dialógica Científica: atuação Educativa de êxito para Educação Científica e Tecnológica
Authors: Calzolari Anselmo , Batisteti Éverton Madaleno , Mello Roseli Rodrigues de
Published: December 2020

Este ensaio teórico tem o objetivo de apresentar as Tertúlias Dialógicas Científicas (TDC) como alternativa metodológica de desenvolvimento da aprendizagem de Ciências da Natureza. Para tanto, são apresentados aspectos do atual contexto social e a decorrente necessidade de acesso a conhecimento científico. Em seguida, é realizada uma breve conceituação da origem e do desenvolvimento teórico e prático dessa Atuação Educativa de Êxito (AEE), elencando os princípios da Aprendizagem Dialógica nos quais as TDC estão fundamentadas. Por fim, argumenta-se em favor desta AEE como promotora de Educação Científica e Tecnológica sintonizada com o desenvolvimento de autonomia, crítica e manejo do conhecimento no atual contexto da Sociedade da Informação e Conhecimento.
Collective Cohesion and Team Effi cacy in the Preparation Period and Team Performance
Authors: Wałach-Biśta Zuzanna , Blecharz Jan
Published: December 2020

The aim of the study was to verify to what extent the eff ectiveness of sports teams throughout the season is conditioned by group processes, especially group cohesion and a sense of team effi cacy. Measurements of the analysed group processes were performed before the beginning of the main season, which allowed to obtain an answer to the question as to whether the level of group cohesion and the sense of team effi cacy developed before the start of league games is signifi cantly correlated with the team’s successes throughout the season proper. The study comprised 28 teams from 2 disciplines: basketball and volleyball. Both women and men participated in the study. Group cohesion was evaluated with the Polish version of the Group Environment Questionnaire (Polish adaptation according to Krawczyński, 1995), and the sense of team effi cacy was assessed with the Team Eff ectiveness Questionnaire (Polish version by Wałach-Biśta, 2015). The obtained results of simple regression analysis showed that the sense of team effi cacy is a signifi cant, strong and positive predictor of eff ectiveness on the pitch, both in women’s and men’s teams. Further analyses have indicated that the gender of athletes is a signifi cant moderator of the relationship between group cohesion in the GIS dimension (group social integration) and team performance. Hierarchical regression analysis demonstrated that gender, GIS, and gender interaction with GIS explain 20.2% of the variance regarding the dependent variable: effi ciency; and the overall model is statistically signifi cant (F(3, 24) = 3.28; p < 0.05). On the other hand, correlation analyses showed that in the men’s teams, along with the increase in social group integration, group eff ectiveness also signifi cantly increased (r = 0.436; p < 0.05). In the women’s teams, the correlation turned out to be signifi cant at the level of the statistical tendency, and the relationship between group eff ectiveness and the level of group social integration turned out to be negative and moderately strong (r = -0.432; p < 0.07).
Tourism and recreation in the county
of Kremenets as presented in “Życie Krzemienieckie”
[Life of Kremenets] journal (1932-1939)
Authors: Małolepszy Eligiusz , Drozdek-Małolepsza Teresa
Published: December 2020

The aim of this paper is to present tourism and recreation in the county of Kremenets on the pages of “Życie Krzemienieckie”
[Life of Kremenets] journal.”Życie Krzemienieckie” was issued in Kremenets in the years 1932-1939 and
was published monthly. In some periods, “Życie Krzemienieckie” came out as a biweekly. It was a journal which was
to provide information on social, cultural and economic life, as well as tourist and recreational activity, mostly of
the Kremenets county community. As far as preparations for drawing up the study are concerned, the following
procedures were used: analysis of historical sources, synthesis, induction, deduction and the comparative method.

The years 1932-1939 saw the development of tourism and recreation in the county of Kremenets. It was noticeable
in the progression of infrastructure for tourism and recreation, e.g. in Kremenets, the Community and Tourism
House was built. Some facilities were established for active tourism in the county of Kremenets. In addition to
infrastructure, an important element in tourism activity was personnel training. Activity in the fi eld of tourism and
recreation was pursued by social organisations including the following; Polish Sightseeing Association (branch in
Kremenets), the County Committee for Physical Education and Military Training in Kremenets, the County Committee
of Rural Youth in Kremenets, the Volhynian District Skiing Association, Union of Social Organisations and Association
of Women’s Civic Work. In the fi eld of tourism, an important role was played by Kremenets Secondary School.
In Kremenets, a department of the “Orbis” Travel Agency operated. In the county of Kremenets, mainly sightseeing,
school as well asactive tourism was practised, and excursion traffi c in its broad sense was notable.
Przeciwdziałanie zagrożeniom w sieciach i systemach teleinformatycznych: kilka uwag na temat działalności ABW i CSIRT
Authors: Siwicki Maciej
Published: December 2020

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Das virtudes ou infortúnios femininos
Authors: Sutil Séfora Semíramis
Published: December 2020

Neste artigo analisamos as exigências para o comportamento virtuoso às mulheres do século XIX brasileiro. Por meio de periódicos, manuais de civilidade e obras literárias averiguamos quais as principais virtudes requeridas para a composição da honradez feminina. Entretanto, analisando o processo criminal de Luiza Maria da Conceição, moradora da vila de Formiga, província de Minas Gerais, mulher que desejou ser livre, verificamos as diferenças e semelhanças entre o modelo idealizado à conduta feminina e as práticas do cotidiano. Este caso nos ajuda a perceber que as mulheres, sobretudo as de camadas sociais não abastadas, tinham mais autonomia do que se poderia imaginar a julgar pelos discursos dominantes. Por outro lado, demonstra o limite conferido mesmo às mulheres que dispunham de maior liberdade de ação.
A solidão dos mineiros: mineiridade, patrimônio cultural e os processos de hierarquização de pessoas e lugares em Minas Gerais ao longo do século XX
Authors: Alcântara Carolina Paulino
Published: December 2020

Analisar o conjunto de representações construídas sobre Minas Gerais, ao longo do século XX, implica (re)pensar a forma como a constituição da mineiridade e do Patrimônio Cultural revelam processos de classificações e hierarquizações de pessoas e lugares. Isso porque a existência de dois polos opostos que se destacaram na formação histórica de Minas Gerais, e o conjunto de elementos representativos associados a eles, trazem à tona contrastes, esquecimentos e desigualdades... revelando o que conceitualmente vamos identificar como solidão. Ao longo da história de Minas Gerais, a região das Minas representou a sociedade que se formou nos núcleos urbanos em prol da mineração, estando sua população constantemente associada ao que se entendia por civilização, e os Gerais aludem às populações organizadas a partir da criação de pecuária nos sertões, principalmente na porção norte do estado. Os grupos dirigentes recorrentemente associaram estes espaços e sua gente ao que se entendia por atraso, tradição e ao jeito de viver refratários à mudança. Sendo assim, este artigo procura trazer algumas inquietações que objetivam problematizar as representações homogeneizantes construídas para falar sobre Minas Gerais. Buscaremos a historicidade no campo das práticas e discursos em torno da seleção de elementos de identidade, da cultura e da história.
Editorial: Por entre montanhas e estradas
Authors: Vartuli Silvia Maria Amâncio Rachi
Published: December 2020

O Editorial desse dossiê, é escrito pela profa Silvia Rachi e trata da pesquisa sobre Minas e sua importância.
Conflito de terras nos anos finais dos oitocentos mediados pela construção da imagem negativa pela fofoca depreciativa no território de Piúma-ES
Authors: Prado Solange Faria
Published: December 2020

Este texto tem como objetivo discorrer sobre como a fofoca depreciativa tem o poder de construir negativamente a imagem de qualquer pessoa, manchando sua reputação e prestígio, especialmente se for considerada um desafeto político ou social. Pautou-se na teoria da Configuração de Norbert Elias buscando compreender, por meio de leitura e análises de relatórios oficiais e artigos de jornais, as tramas do tecido social possibilitando descortinar particularidades e singularidades da História Local e Regional capixaba.
Brizola, as eleições de 1958 e as disputas em torno do Trabalhismo no Rio Grande do Sul (1956-1959)
Authors: Alves Samuel da Silva
Published: December 2020

Este artigo é um recorte de uma pesquisa de mestrado, já finalizada, que tratou da candidatura e da campanha eleitoral de Leonel de Moura Brizola ao governo do Rio Grande do Sul em 1958. As eleições de 1958 inserem-se no chamado “segundo tempo do trabalhismo”, de um PTB sem Getúlio Vargas, marcado por disputas em âmbito nacional e estadual entre lideranças, antigas e em ascensão, pelo domínio da máquina partidária, pelas redefinições dos conteúdos programáticos e pelo legado do carisma varguista. Nesse artigo, buscamos analisar de que forma a disputa entre Leonel Brizola e Loureiro da Silva pelo posto de candidato do PTB ao governo estadual e a tentativa de impugnação da candidatura trabalhista por parte de Guilherme Mariante, ex-deputado estadual do PTB, se enquadram nesse contexto do trabalhismo pós-1954. O ponto de partida teórico para esta análise é a teoria do campo político, proposta pelo sociólogo francês Pierre Bourdieu.
Patriotas, mães e esposas: um estudo da representação das mulheres nos periódicos estudantis em São Paulo (1889-1930)
Authors: Candido Renata Marcílio , Carvalho Milena Cacau de
Published: December 2020

O artigo em tela apresenta os resultados da pesquisa realizada sobre a participação das mulheres nas organizações estudantis do ensino superior e profissionalizante no Estado de São Paulo entre o final do século XIX e o início do século XX. Para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa, foi feito o levantamento dos periódicos produzidos por estes órgãos/associações, em seguida, empreendeu-se a análise temática destes documentos buscando identificar a participação das mulheres nestes colegiados, tanto de forma ativa assumindo cargos e autoria de textos, quanto de maneira indireta, sendo citadas nos artigos e na própria existência de “colunas femininas”. Deste modo, através das fontes documentais e bibliográficas, foi possível estabelecer duas categorias de análise: 1) textos produzidos sobre as mulheres 2) textos produzidos pelas mulheres, mas não necessariamente destinados a elas. Percebe-se que ao mesmo tempo em que as organizações estudantis eram incorporadas ao discurso de consolidação de espaços democráticos que ascendiam no contexto histórico e social, foram também palco de reproduções de valores e identidades ditas masculinas e/ou femininas.
Aktuelle Herausforderungen und Rechtsfragen der Lehrerbildung
Authors: Kluth Winfried
Published: December 2020

Die Lehrerausbildung ist sowohl rechtlich als auch hinsichtlich ihrer inhaltlichen Ausrichtung ein Paradebeispiel der föderalen Vielfalt im Kulturbereich. Die Dynamik und Vielfalt der Entwicklung wurde durch den Bolognaprozess zu Beginn der 1990er Jahre gefördert und durch Koordinierungsbemühungen der Kultusministerkonferenz, insbesondere durch den Quedlinburger Beschluss aus dem Jahr 2005 mühsam eingefangen. Die konzeptionelle Vielfalt hat ihre Ursache aber auch in der Vielfalt in der wissenschaftlichen Debatte, die eine Ausrichtung an allgemein anerkannten, evidenzbasierten Standards erschwert. Der Beitrag vermittelt einen Überblick zu den wesentlichen Regelungen der Aus- und Fortbildung und geht auch auf die Bedeutung der pädagogischen Freiheit für die pädagogische Ausrichtung des Unterrichts ein.
Der rechtliche Rahmen für die Lehrkräftebildung in Deutschland
Authors: Barczak Tristan
Published: December 2020

Der Beitrag stellt den rechtlichen Rahmen für die Bildung der Lehrkräfte an den Universitäten, im Vorbereitungsdienst sowie in der Fort- und Weiterbildung dar. Dabei werden die gesetzlich definierten Ziele und Inhalte der Lehrkräftebildung ebenso analysiert wie Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen den Bundesländern.
Steigende Temperaturen und hitzigere Gemüter? – Globale Erderwärmung und Kriminologie
Authors: Haverkamp Rita
Published: December 2020

Der Klimawandel ist ein globales Phänomen und gefährdet die Existenzgrundlagen des Menschen und seiner gesamten Umwelt. Im Gegensatz zur angloamerikanischen Kriminologie ist Kriminalität im Zusammenhang mit der globalen Erderwärmung in der deutschen Kriminologie noch nicht richtig angekommen. Ausgangspunkt des Beitrags ist die Green Criminology, um dann auf die Befundlage hierzulande zur Umweltkriminalität einzugehen. Im Anschluss rückt die bereits seit dem 19. Jahrhundert betriebene Temperaturforschung in den Vordergrund. In jüngster Zeit entwickelte sich aus der Green Criminology eine Kriminologie des Klimawandels. Mit den Folgen der Erderwärmung auf die Kriminalität, insbesondere in Bezug auf Gewalt und Eigentum, setzt sich ebenso die Temperaturforschung auseinander. Hieraus ergeben sich Anknüpfungspunkte für die künftige Forschung in Deutschland.
News to Use for News You Can Use
Authors: Linke Norbert
Published: December 2020

Haben Nachrichten im Radio eine Zukunft? Können sie relevant bleiben inmitten neuer digitaler Medien und Plattformen? Wie können Programmverantwortliche sie meistern bei der strategischen Ausrichtung, und Nachrichtenpraktiker bei der täglichen Arbeit am Newsdesk? Wie erhöht man die redaktionelle Performance bei Themenwahl, Textgestaltung und Live-Präsentation? Wie verknüpft man überzeugend On-Air und Online? Und wie sieht ein effizienter Workflow aus? Norbert Linke, der nach mehr als zwei Jahrzehnten als Newsanchor und Nachrichtenchef im regionalen Radio heute als gefragter Trainer, Coach und Berater tätig ist, gibt Antworten auf diese Fragen und beleuchtet die Herausforderungen für das kommerzielle Radio in lokalen und regionalen Märkten.
The Legitimacy of the Afghan Amnesty Law under International Law
Authors: Hübner Catharina
Published: December 2020

The continuing importance of amnesties, a form of impunity, is clearly illustrated by the example of Afghanistan. In 2010, the Afghan government announced the entry into force of a blanket and unconditional Amnesty Law. The declared aim of the law was to bring peace to Afghanistan. Whether this aim can be achieved through such a broad amnesty for serious international crimes is a tough question.

The first part of this book examines whether the regulations of the Afghan Amnesty Law are compatible with Afghanistan’s (prosecutorial) obligations under international law. The second part makes proposals for a comprehensive peace process in Afghanistan to pave the way for lasting peace and reconciliation, justice and respect for the rule of law.

The study analyses international statutes, conventions and documents as well as selected case law, state practice, United Nations practice and the academic debate on amnesties.
Mainland versus Island Adaptation: Paleobiogeography of Sunda Shelf Primates Revisited
Authors: Insani Halmi , Takai Masanaru
Published: December 2020

Southeast Asian primates appear to be one of the most successful mammals in the dynamic paleoclimatic changes since at least 1 mya. Human and non-human primates reflect the complex history of a wide range of ecological and geographic variation, which presents to be the source of different systematics and biogeographic models. The past combinative effects of geographic factors (latitude, bathymetric barrier, and duration of island isolation), periodic sea level changes, and the contribution of human and/or non-human primate interaction are crucial subjects in studying the north-to-south, which is from continental to archipelago of Sunda Shelf, dispersal events and phylogeographic analysis of human and non-human primates. Cranial size and shape difference between Homo erectus in mainland and island displays peculiarity on the effect of insularity. Data analyses on cranial landmarks of three non-human primate genera provide more clear resolution to reconstruct the complete scenario, whereby insular primates are dispersed and adapted to their present biogeographical distribution.
Sonodynamic and Photodynamics Used as a Combined Therapy in the Treatment of Malignant Neoplasms: Facts and Open Questions
Authors: Lopes de Mello Heber , Anastacio Alves Luiz , Araujo Dias Evellyn , de Sá Pereira Magalhães Sabrina , Cotta-de-Almeida Vinicius , da Cunha Bisaggio Rodrigo
Published: December 2020

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) used in combination with sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a new approach that aims to increase the effectiveness of tumor treatment when compared to the effect of each independent therapy. PDT is based on stimulating sensitizers with photons, while the most accepted theory for SDT is that sensitizers are stimulated by the sonoluminescence phenomenon. However, after the excitation of the sensitizer, both therapies follow a common path, leading to the generation of free radicals and inducing cell death. One of the positive aspects of this combination is the augmentation of anti-tumor activity with fewer side effects, since cell death may be induced using lower sensitizer concentrations or less exposure to ultrasound or light. Another benefit of combining PDT and SDT, especially with the use of low-frequency ultrasound is the induction of sonophoresis. For instance, on the skin, it may facilitate the absorption of the sensitizer. However, research involving both PDT and SDT exhibit many variants, including differences in irradiation sources and their intensities, among others. These aspects contribute to a lack of standardization, leading to result variations, hindering assessment on the real contribution that these combined therapies can offer in tumor treatment. Thus, further research in the pre-clinical and clinical areas are crucial.
Amorphous and Crystalline Magnesium Alloys for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Cesarz-Andraczke Katarzyna , Kania Aneta , Młynarek Katarzyna , Babilas Rafał
Published: December 2020

Amorphous and crystalline magnesium alloys, developed for medical applications – especially implantology – present the characteristics of biocompatible magnesium alloys (Mg-Zn, Mg-Zn-Ca, Mg-Ca etc.). This chapter provides a brief description of the role of magnesium in the human body and the use of Mg in medicine. It presents the concept of using magnesium alloys in medicine (advantages and limitations) and the scope of their potential applications (orthopedic implantology, cardiac surgery etc.). The chapter shows classification of magnesium alloys as potential biomaterials, due to their structure (amorphous, crystalline) and alloying elements (rare earth elements, noble metals etc.). The mechanism and in vitro degradation behavior of magnesium alloys with amorphous and crystalline structures are described. The chapter also discusses the influence of alloying elements (rare earth elements, noble metals) on the in vitro degradation process. It also presents the methods of reducing the degradation rate of magnesium alloys by modifying their surface (application of protective layers).
Hybrid Heterostructures for SPR Biosensor
Authors: Shamim Anower Md. , Mahabubur Rahman Md. , Saifur Rahman M.
Published: December 2020

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based biosensors have been enormously studied in the last decade for their better sensitivity. In recent years hybrid heterostructures are getting popularity to implement these SPR biosensors for their superior sensing capability. This chapter demonstrates the details of SPR technology with two recently studied prism-based hybrid heterostructures. These heterostructures are made up of conventional SPR biosensors with two additional layers of recently invented transition metal dichalcogenides, platinum di-selenide (PtSe2), and highly sensitive 2D material, tungsten di-sulfide (WS2). Angular interrogation method is discussed to investigate the sensing capabilities of the sensors which prove the superiority of the Ag-PtSe2-WS2 structure. The sensing capability of this structure has been found at least 1.67 times higher than that of the conventional non-hybrid structures, respectively, with comparable FOM and QF. A comparison table has been provided at the end of this chapter which also shows the impressive performance of the hybrid heterostructures for SPR biosensors. Proper demonstration with a suitable example of this chapter will emphasize the potential use of hybrid heterostructure based SPR biosensors in prospective medical diagnostics and biomedical detection applications.