bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural and functional insights into δ-poly-L-ornithine polymer biosynthesis from Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Patel Ketan D. , Gulick Andrew M.
Published: September 2023

Cationic homo-polyamino acid (CHPA) peptides containing isopeptide bonds of diamino acids have been identified from Actinomycetes strains. However, none has been reported from other bacteria. Here, we report a δ-poly-L-ornithine synthetase from Acinetobacter baumannii, which we name PosA. Surprisingly, structural analysis of the adenylation domain and biochemical assay shows L-ornithine as the substrate for PosA. The product from the enzymatic reaction was purified and identified as poly-L-ornithine composed of 7-12 amino acid units. Chemical labeling of the polymer confirmed the isopeptide linkage of δ-poly-L-ornithine. We examine the biological activity of chemically synthesized 12-mer δ-poly-L-ornithine, illustrating that the polymer may act as an anti-fungal agent. Structures of the isolated adenylation domain from PosA are presented with several diamino acids and biochemical assays identify important substrate binding residues. Structurally-guided genome-mining led to the identification of homologs with different substrate binding residues that could activate additional substrates. A homolog from Bdellovibrionales sp. shows modest activity with L-arginine but not with any diamino acids observed to be substrates for previously examined CHPA synthetases. Our study indicates the possibility that additional CHPAs may be produced by various microbes, supporting the further exploration of uncharacterized natural products.
Vector-chirality driven topological phase transitions in noncollinear antiferromagnets and its impact on anomalous Hall effect
Authors: Pradhan Subhadip , Samanta Kartik , Saha Kush , Nandy Ashis K.
Published: September 2023

Magnetic materials showing topologically nontrivial quantum states with high tunability is an undoubtedly important topic in condensed matter physics and material science. Based on the first-principles electronic structure calculations and subsequent symmetry adapted effective low-energy k.p theory, we show in a noncollinear antiferromagnet (AFM), Mn3Sn, that the switching of the vector-chirality, κ, is an unconventional route to topological phase transition from a nodal-ring to a Weyl point semimetal. Specifically, we find that the switching of κ via staggered rotation leads to gapping out an elliptic nodal-ring everywhere at the Fermi-level except for a pair of points on the ring. As a consequence, the topological phase transition switches the anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC) from zero to a giant value. Furthermore, we theoretically demonstrate how the controlled manipulation of the chiral AFM order keeping κ unaltered favors unusual rotation of Weyl-points on the ring. In fact, without staggered rotation, this enables us to tune and switch the sign of in-plane components of the AHC by a collective uniform rotations of spins in the AFM unit cell.
Complex quantum network models from spin clusters
Authors: Chepuri Ravi T. C. , Kovács István A.
Published: September 2023

In the emerging quantum internet, complex network topology could lead to efficient quantum communication and robustness against failures. However, there are concerns about complexity in quantum communication networks, such as potentially limited end-to-end transmission capacity. These challenges call for model systems in which the impact of complex topology on quantum communication protocols can be explored. Here, we present a theoretical model for complex quantum communication networks on a lattice of spins, wherein entangled spin clusters in interacting quantum spin systems serve as communication links between appropriately selected regions of spins. Specifically, we show that ground state Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger clusters of the two-dimensional random transverse-field Ising model can be used as communication links between regions of spins. Further, the resulting quantum networks can have complexity comparable to that of the classical internet. Our work provides a generative model for further studies towards determining the network characteristics of the emerging quantum internet.
The association between temperature and alcohol- and substance-related disorder hospital visits in New York State
Authors: Parks Robbie M. , Rowland Sebastian T. , Do Vivian , Boehme Amelia K. , Dominici Francesca , Hart Carl L. , Kioumourtzoglou Marianthi-Anna
Published: September 2023

Background

Limited evidence exists on how temperature increases are associated with hospital visits from alcohol- and substance-related disorders, despite plausible behavioral and physiological pathways.

Methods

In the present study, we implemented a case-crossover design, which controls for seasonal patterns, long-term trends, and non- or slowly-varying confounders, with distributed lag non-linear temperature terms (0–6 days) to estimate associations between daily ZIP Code-level temperature and alcohol- and substance-related disorder hospital visit rates in New York State during 1995–2014. We also examined four substance-related disorder sub-causes (cannabis, cocaine, opioid, sedatives).

Results

Here we show that, for alcohol-related disorders, a daily increase in temperature from the daily minimum (−30.1 °C (−22.2 °F)) to the 75th percentile (18.8 °C (65.8 °F)) across 0–6 lag days is associated with a cumulative 24.6% (95%CI,14.6%–34.6%) increase in hospital visit rates, largely driven by increases on the day of and day before hospital visit, with an association larger outside New York City. For substance-related disorders, we find evidence of a positive association at temperatures from the daily minimum (−30.1 °C (−22.2 °F)) to the 50th percentile (10.4 °C (50.7 °F)) (37.7% (95%CI,27.2%–48.2%), but not at higher temperatures. Findings are consistent across age group, sex, and social vulnerability.

Conclusions

Our work highlights how hospital visits from alcohol- and substance-related disorders are currently impacted by elevated temperatures and could be further affected by rising temperatures resulting from climate change. Enhanced social infrastructure and health system interventions could mitigate these impacts.
Broad sialic acid usage amongst species D human adenovirus
Authors: Mundy Rosie M. , Baker Alexander T. , Bates Emily A. , Cunliffe Tabitha G. , Teijeira-Crespo Alicia , Moses Elise , Rizkallah Pierre J. , Parker Alan L.
Published: September 2023

Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are widespread pathogens causing usually mild infections. The Species D (HAdV-D) cause gastrointestinal tract infections and epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC). Despite being significant pathogens, knowledge around HAdV-D mechanism of cell infection is lacking. Sialic acid (SA) usage has been proposed as a cell infection mechanism for EKC causing HAdV-D. Here we highlight an important role for SA engagement by many HAdV-D. We provide apo state crystal structures of 7 previously undetermined HAdV-D fiber-knob proteins, and structures of HAdV-D25, D29, D30 and D53 fiber-knob proteins in complex with SA. Biologically, we demonstrate that removal of cell surface SA reduced infectivity of HAdV-C5 vectors pseudotyped with HAdV-D fiber-knob proteins, whilst engagement of the classical HAdV receptor CAR was variable. Our data indicates variable usage of SA and CAR across HAdV-D. Better defining these interactions will enable improved development of antivirals and engineering of the viruses into refined therapeutic vectors.
Developing an improved optical biosensing system based on gold nanoparticles acting as interferometric enhancers in Lactoferrin detection
Authors: Valle L. G. , Santamaría B. , Lavín A. , Laguna M. F. , Rodriguez-Lorenzo L. , Espiña B. , Holgado M.
Published: September 2023

Antibody-coated goldnanoparticles (AuNPs) act as an interferometric enhancer, and their characterization, modeling, and comparison with ELISA.
Evaluation of Kdo-8-N3 incorporation into lipopolysaccharides of various Escherichia coli strains
Authors: Ziylan Zeynep Su , de Putter Geert-Jan , Roelofs Meike , van Dijl Jan Maarten , Scheffers Dirk-Jan , Walvoort Marthe T. C.
Published: September 2023

8-Azido-3,8-dideoxy-α/β-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo-8-N3) is a Kdo derivative used in metabolic labeling of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structures of Escherichia coli strains with varying efficiencies.
Architecting carbon-coated Mo2CTx/MoSe2 heterostructures enables robust potassium storage
Authors: Jiang Qingqing , Zhao Weifang , Xu Xinyue , Ke Da , Ren Ran , Zhao Fuzhen , Zhang Shilin , Zhou Tengfei , Hu Juncheng
Published: September 2023

Carbon-coated Mo2CTx/MoSe2 heterostructures exhibit ultrafast and stable potassium storage performance, surpassing most reported MoSe2-based anodes.
Crystallization mechanism of the Pt50Au50 alloy with grain boundary segregation during the solidification process
Authors: Gao Q. H. , Zou P. F. , Hou Z. Y. , Wu J. B. , Wang Z. , Wang J. G.
Published: September 2023

Four critical temperatures of T1 (1153 K), T2 (1073 K), T3 (853 K) and T4 (753 K) are discovered.
Precision spectroscopy of molecular hydrogen
Authors: Liu Qian-Hao , Tan Yan , Cheng Cun-Feng , Hu Shui-Ming
Published: September 2023

Precision measurements on the hydrogen molecule are of fundamental importance in understanding molecular theory.
Achieving narrowband emissions with tunable colors for multiple resonance-thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials: effect of boron/nitrogen number and position
Authors: Li Ping , Zhang Yewen , Li Wenjing , Zhou Cefeng , Chen Runfeng
Published: September 2023

Boron/nitrogen number and position in multiple resonance-thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials have a significant influence on the structural relaxations, short-range charge transfer properties and emission colors.
Effects of oxygen functionalities on hydrous hydrazine decomposition over carbonaceous materials
Authors: Bellomi Silvio , Barlocco Ilaria , Tumiati Simone , Fumagalli Patrizia , Dimitratos Nikolaos , Roldan Alberto , Villa Alberto
Published: September 2023

The structure-activity relationship of oxygen functionalities on carbon materials for the hydrazine decomposition reaction was elucidated by combining experiments and modelling, revealing carbon-oxygen double groups as active sites.
MnOxHy-modified CoMoP/NF nanosheet arrays as hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction bifunctional catalysts under alkaline conditions
Authors: Wang Xuemin , Zhang Ke , Xie Yuhan , Yu Dehua , Tian Haoze , Lou Yongbing
Published: September 2023

The nanosheet arrays of MnOxHy/CoMoP/NF exhibited exceptional hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction activities.
A complete series of N-heterocyclic tetrylenes (Si–Pb) with a 1,1′-ferrocenediyl backbone enabled by 1,3,2-diazaborolyl N-substituents
Authors: Guthardt Robin , Jacob Hannes L. , Bruhn Clemens , Siemeling Ulrich
Published: September 2023

The first complete series of N-heterocyclic tetrylenes with a ring size ≠ 5 has been prepared by using bulky 1,3,2-diazaborolyl N-substituents.
Acoustic levitation with polarising optical microscopy (AL-POM): water uptake in a nanostructured atmospheric aerosol proxy
Authors: Milsom Adam , Squires Adam M. , Brasnett Christopher , Sharratt William N. , Seddon Annela M. , Pfrang Christian
Published: September 2023

We present acoustic levitation combined with polarising optical microscopy (AL-POM). Fatty acid aerosols were probed and a model fit revealed a ca. 5–6 orders of magnitude difference in water diffusion coefficient upon a phase transition between optically birefringent and non-birefringent phases.
Structural engineering of catalysts for ammonia electrosynthesis from nitrate: recent advances and challenges
Authors: Qiu Wenxi , Liu Yuanting , Xie Minghao , Jin Zhaoyu , Li Panpan , Yu Guihua
Published: September 2023

Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia offers a sustainable approach for nitrogenous waste upcycling. This review outlines recent advances in the design of electrocatalysts through cross-scale structural engineering.
Research progress in electrochemical/photochemical utilization of methanol as a C1 source
Authors: Tang Hai-Tao , Pan Yong-Zhou , Pan Ying-Ming
Published: September 2023

This review highlights the recent advances in various electrochemical and photochemical reactions using methanol as a sustainable C1 source.
Rhodium-catalyzed electrochemical [2 + 2 + 2] cyclotrimerization of 1,3-butadiynes toward hexasubstituted arenes
Authors: Luo Mu-Jia , Lv Gui-Fen , Qin Jing-Hao , Xu Chong-Hui , Li Yang , Li Jin-Heng
Published: September 2023

A cooperative rhodium-catalyzed electrochemical 1,3-butadiyne [2 + 2 + 2] cyclotrimerization to selectively produce hexasubstituted arenes is presented.
Effects of hydrocarbon substituents on highly fluorescent bis(4-phenylphenyl)pyridylmethyl radical derivatives
Authors: Hattori Yohei , Kitajima Ryota , Baba Atsumi , Yamamoto Kohei , Matsuoka Ryota , Kusamoto Tetsuro , Uchida Kingo
Published: September 2023

The luminescent properties of eight new photostable radicals varied greatly depending on the hydrocarbon substituents.
Entropy production with the flow of nanomaterials through the permeable stretched surface with heterogeneous–homogenous chemical reaction
Authors: Hashim  , Rehman Sohail , Alshammari Serhan , Ibrahim Ahmed Osman , Ullah Naeem
Published: September 2023

In various thermodynamic procedures and the optimisation of thermal manipulation, nanofluids flowing through porous media represent an emerging perspective.
Confirmation of the structure of (±)-preisomide by total synthesis
Authors: Teo Hong Kang , Sae-Lao Patcharaporn , Bates Roderick W.
Published: September 2023

The unusual N-acyl tetrahydro-1,2-oxazine structure of preisomide is confirmed by total synthesis.
Reactivity variance between stereoisomers of saturated N-heterocyclic carbenes on gold surfaces
Authors: Kaur Gurkiran , Dominique Nathaniel L. , Hu Gaohe , Nalaoh Phattananawee , Thimes Rebekah L. , Strausser Shelby L. , Jensen Lasse , Camden Jon P. , Jenkins David M.
Published: September 2023

Two stereoisomers, one C2 symmetric and one Cs symmetric, of saturated N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) were placed on gold films and they demonstrate different reactivity.
Controllable growth of WO3@GDY heterointerface for efficient NH3 synthesis
Authors: Luan Xiaoyu , Qi Lu , Zheng Zhiqiang , Zhao Shuya , Liu Huimin , Liu Runyu , Chen Zhaoyang , Yan Jiayu , Xue Yurui , Li Yuliang
Published: September 2023

An in situ GDY coating electrocatalyst WO3@GDY, where incomplete charge transfer exists in the heterointerface, exhibited attractive and highly efficient catalytic activity for efficient NH3 synthesis.
Why is phenyl azide so unreactive in [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions? Demystifying Sustmann's paradigmatic parabola
Authors: Domingo Luis R. , Ríos-Gutiérrez Mar , Pérez Patricia
Published: September 2023

Phenyl azide only participates in [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions with strongly nucleophilic enamines. A good correlation between the polar character of the reaction and the relative reaction rate constants kr is found.
Palladium catalyzed tandem cyclization of acryloylbenzamides and N-arylacrylamides with epoxides: access to functionalized isoquinolinediones and oxindoles
Authors: Lu Xiao-Yu , Shui Fu-Yi , Zhang Xiang , Huang Rui , Wang Zi-Zhen , Song Yi-Wei , Jiang Fan , Yang Gui-Xian , Sun Yan-Xi
Published: September 2023

Herein, a practical and efficient tandem cyclization ring-opening coupling of acryloylbenzamides and N-arylacrylamides with epoxides is reported.
Iron-catalyzed divergent approach to naphthyridinones and quinolinones: leveraging Povarov and carbonyl-alkyne metathesis reactions of electron deficient alkynes
Authors: Chen Jia-ming , Li Jun-hua , Xie Li-cheng , Fan Hui-ke , Sheng Xia-xin , Du Yu-jia , Liu Guo-ying , Hu Hao , Jiang Yan , Chen Ming
Published: September 2023

We have successfully developed a novel synthetic route for the synthesis of naphthyridinones.
Direct and modular access to allylic amines via nickel-catalyzed three-component coupling
Authors: Xu Changyu , Chang Jianchao , Dong Zhan , Song Liangliang , Chen Liang-An
Published: September 2023

We herein report direct and modular access to allylic amines via Ni(0)-catalyzed three-component coupling of commercially available and inexpensive aldehydes, amines, and alkenes, without the additional steps for isolation of unstable imines.
Site-selective C–H difunctionalization of N-alkyl activated azaarenes via the synergistic catalysis of graphene oxide and visible light
Authors: Duan De-Hao , He Hai-Ping , Ding Wei-Yi , Yi Dong-Cheng , Lai Ying-Zhen , Huang Ai-Qiong , Liu Jie , Wu Wen-Le , Peng Xiang-Jun
Published: September 2023

Employing heterogeneous cocatalyst-graphene oxide, light-induced site-selective difunctionalizations of pyridiniums/quinoliniums provided straightforward synthetic route toward C4- and C2-phosphonated pyridinone/quinolinone/quinolone cores under air atmosphere.
Application of multi-channel in situ infrared spectroscopy: the case of PVB thermal aging
Authors: Xu Chun , Liang Shuen , Jin Bo , Xiao Qian , Hao Xiaofei , Liu Zhongping , Lin Nannan , Sun Jie , Sui Heliang
Published: September 2023

Thermal kinetic parameters are important for establishing the relationship between the aging process, time, and temperature, which would help predict the thermal aging lifetime and stability in the application of polymer materials.
Novel epoxy-terminated macromonomers and their polymerization for synthesis of bottle-brush type amphiphilic block copolymers
Authors: Malik Muhammad Imran
Published: September 2023

Architecture of polymers has vital implications for their physical properties and applications. Bottle-brush type architectures of amphiphilic block copolymers are synthesized with hydrophilic handle and hydrophobic brush, and vice versa.
Quantifying synergy for mixed end-scission and random-scission catalysts in polymer upcycling
Authors: Chen Ziqiu , Ejiogu Emmanuel , Peters Baron
Published: September 2023

Given sufficient end-scission catalyst, random scission causes a proliferation of new chain ends and thereby accelerates the overall depolymerization progress.
Effect of speed fluctuations on the collective dynamics of active disks
Authors: Kailasham R. , Khair Aditya S.
Published: September 2023

Numerical simulations are performed on the collective dynamics of active disks, whose self-propulsion speed (U) varies in time, and whose orientation evolves according to rotational Brownian motion.
Development of visible-light-responsive Ru-doped KTaO3 photocatalyst for overall water splitting with one-step photoexcitation and the effects of codoping with La
Authors: Iwase Akihide , Kasahara Miyu , Misono Haruka
Published: September 2023

Ru-doping has arisen as a useful strategy to develop a visible-light-responsive metal oxide photocatalyst for overall water splitting with one-step photoexcitation.
Vertically aligned 1T-2H MoS2 on 3D porous carbon for ultrahigh-performance flexible energy storage device
Authors: Wang Zhao , Guo Zongwei , Luo Jiajun , Wang Xuesong , Li Ming , Ao Yuhui , Jin Lin
Published: September 2023

Construct vertically ordered MS nanosheets with large interlayer spacing on the surface of B, N co-doped porous carbon BNC, and use them as electrode materials for all solid-state flexible supercapacitors.
High entropy materials—emerging nanomaterials for electrocatalysis
Authors: Li Hang , Ling Li , Li Shengfa , Gao Feng , Lu Qingyi
Published: September 2023

In this review, we present the key synthetic strategies for the preparation of high entropy materials and their applications in different electrocatalysis reactions.
Cost of Illness and Health-Related Quality of Life for Stuttering: Two Systematic Reviews
Authors: Norman Alicia , Lowe Robyn , Onslow Mark , O'Brian Sue , Packman Ann , Menzies Ross , Schroeder Liz
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

For those who stutter, verbal communication is typically compromised in social situations. This may attract negative responses from listeners and stigmatization by society. These have the potential to impair health-related quality of life across a range of domains, including qualitative and quantitative impacts on speech output, mental health issues, and failure to attain educational and occupational potential. These systematic reviews were designed to explore this matter using traditional health economics perspectives of utility measures and cost of illness.

Method:

Studies were included if they involved children, adolescents, or adults with stuttering as a primary diagnosis. The quality of life search strategy identified 2,607 reports, of which three were included in the quality of life analysis. The cost of illness search strategy identified 3,778 reports, of which 39 were included in the cost of illness analysis.

Results:

Two of the three studies included in the quality of life analysis had a high risk of bias. When measured using utility scores, quality of life for people who stutter was in the range of those reported for chronic health conditions such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. However, there is little such evidence of quality of life impairment during the preschool years. Studies included in the cost of illness analysis carried considerable risk of bias overall.

Conclusions:

For people who stutter, there are substantive direct and indirect costs of illness. These include impairment, challenges, and distress across many domains throughout life, including income, education, employment, and social functioning. Evidence of quality of life impairment using utility measures is extremely limited. If this situation is not remedied, the lifetime impairment, challenges, and distress experienced by those who stutter cannot be documented in a form that can be used to influence health policy and health care spending.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24168201
Real‐time vehicle detection using segmentation‐based detection network and trajectory prediction
Authors: Zarei Nafiseh , Moallem Payman , Shams Mohammadreza
Published: September 2023

The position of vehicles is determined using an algorithm that includes two stages of detection and prediction. The more the number of frames in which the detection network is used, the more accurate the detector is, and the more the prediction network is used, the algorithm is faster. Therefore, the algorithm is very flexible to achieve the required accuracy and speed. YOLO's base detection network is designed to be robust against vehicle scale changes. Also, feature maps are produced in the detector network, which contribute greatly to increasing the accuracy of the detector. In these maps, using differential images and a u‐net‐based module, image segmentation has been done into two classes: vehicle and background. To increase the accuracy of the recursive predictive network, vehicle manoeuvres are classified. For this purpose, the spatial and temporal information of the vehicles are considered simultaneously. This classifier is much more effective than classifiers that consider spatial and temporal information separately. The Highway and UA‐DETRAC datasets demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm in urban traffic monitoring systems.
New convex approaches to general MVDR robust adaptive beamforming problems
Authors: Zhao Yao , Liu Qingsong , Tian He , Luo Mingfan , Ling Bingo Wing‐Kuen , Zhang Zhe
Published: September 2023

Consider general minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) robust adaptive beamforming problems based on the optimal estimation for both the desired signal steering vector and the interference‐plus‐noise covariance (INC) matrix. The optimal robust adaptive beamformer design problem is an array output power maximization problem, subject to three constraints on the steering vector, namely, a (convex or nonconvex) quadratic constraint ensuring that the direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) of the desired signal is separated from the DOA region of all linear combinations of the interference steering vectors, a double‐sided norm constraint, and a similarity constraint; as well as a ball constraint on the INC matrix, which is centered at a given data sample covariance matrix. To tackle the nonconvex problem, a new tightened semidefinite relaxation (SDR) approach is proposed to output a globally optimal solution; otherwise, a sequential convex approximation (SCA) method is established to return a locally optimal solution. The simulation results show that the MVDR robust adaptive beamformers based on the optimal estimation for the steering vector and the INC matrix have better performance (in terms of, e.g., the array output signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio) than the existing MVDR robust adaptive beamformers by the steering vector estimation only.
Design of superconducting ultra‐wideband filter with wide stopband based on quintuple‐mode resonator
Authors: Kong Qingyu , Lu Xilong , Zhou Liguo , Zhang Rui , Zhou Shigang , Wei Bin , Jiang Linan
Published: September 2023

In this paper, a new ultra‐wideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) based on QMR (quintuple‐mode resonator) loaded with quasi‐lumped elements is proposed for wide stopband application. The method of connecting five folded U‐shaped resonators with rectangular patches to construct a QMR was proposed. By adjusting the relative position of the rectangular patches, the frequency band width of the filter can be freely adjusted. Further, quasi‐lumped elements were loaded to the QMR to generate three transmission zeros to enhance stopband performance. The filter designed in this paper can independently adjust both the stopband and the passband, providing greater design flexibility. The passband of the final filter is 3.18–9.43 GHz, and the FBW (fractional relative bandwidth) is 99%. The out‐of‐band rejection is better than −15 dB in the frequency range of 9.6–28.42 GHz. The measurement results show good performance without any tuning, and are in good agreement with the simulation results.
Quantitative assessment on synchronisation capability of a line‐start permanent magnet synchronous motor with hybrid rotor
Authors: Yang Yubo , Yan Bo , Wang Xiuhe
Published: September 2023

The authors devote a quantitative assessment on the synchronisation capability of a line‐start permanent magnet synchronous motor (LSPMSM) equipped with a hybrid rotor. The quantitative assessment is realised by determining a load criterion consisting of load torques and inertias under which the motor will just synchronise. During the process of load‐criterion determination, close attention is paid to parameters governing the motor synchronisation behaviour. Following the principle of stator‐current error minimisation, the time‐variant magnetising inductances and permanent magnet (PM) flux linkages of the analysed LSPMSM are simplified into slip‐dependent constants via the simple and robust genetic algorithm (GA). The load criterion is then obtained after the establishment of a dynamic motor model involving the simplified parameters. Prototyping tests focused on motor speed‐time responses under different mechanical loads are carried out to validate the obtained load criterion and the paper analyses.
Design and implementation of a state estimator in a real distribution network
Authors: Vieyra Natanael , Angeles‐Camacho Cesar , Maya‐Ortiz Paul
Published: September 2023

Controlling and operating modern distribution networks are challenging tasks. The implementation of monitoring systems and the development of tools are helping to address this challenge. State estimators are one of the most promising tools for this purpose. These are used to reconstruct the current state of a system based on measurement outputs, which can then be used to design controllers that can adjust the inputs to achieve the desired output. This article deals with the problem of estimating the state of a real‐world distribution network. A combination of conventional supervisory control and data acquisition is used to estimate the state, together with a synchrophasor monitoring system. The proposed method uses the Fortescue transformation to separate the three‐phase coupled equations into three independent modal measurement equations. Single‐phase estimators based on the extended Kalman filter are used to solve three sub‐problems associated with the sequence reference frame, which correctly capture the transient and steady‐state behaviour of the distribution network. The proposed estimation method is easy to implement and robust to measure model noise and uncertainties. Furthermore, an already‐established distribution network tests the estimation scheme under various conditions.
Few‐shot electrical equipment image recognition method based on an improved two‐stage fine‐tuning approach
Authors: Wu Junpeng , Zeng Jiajun , Zhou Yibo , Zhang Ye , Zhang Yiwen
Published: September 2023

In the process of electrical equipment detection based on deep learning, insufficient image samples of the target equipment will lead to detection failure. To solve this problem, an object detection network and two‐stage fine‐tuning approach based on You Only Look Once (YOLO)v4 is proposed in this paper to achieve image recognition of electrical equipment under the condition of small samples. Using the two‐stage and dual‐network method as the training strategy, the data‐rich base class samples are used to train the sample classifier based on the modified cosine similarity in the base class training stage, and the fine‐tuning is carried out in the small sample new class training stage. In the training part, the improved Retinanet network is used for coarse detection and the YOLOv4 network with Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) attentional mechanism module is inserted for fine detection. The experimental results show that the average accuracy of the proposed method under the settings of 5‐shot, 10‐shot, and 30‐shot is 31.6%, 34.3%, and 52.8%, respectively, which greatly improves the ability of electrical equipment identification under the condition of few‐shot.
The stability around Chariklo and the confinement of its rings
Authors: Giuliatti Winter S. M. , Madeira G. , Ribeiro T. , Winter O. C. , Barbosa G. O. , Borderes-Motta G.
Published: September 2023

Context. Chariklo has two narrow and dense rings, C1R and C2R, located at 391 km and 405 km, respectively.

Aims. In the light of new stellar occultation data, we study the stability around Chariklo. We also analyse three confinement mechanisms that prevent the spreading of the rings, based on shepherd satellites in resonance with the edges of the rings.

Methods. This study was performed through a set of numerical simulations and the Poincaré surface of section technique.

Results. From the numerical simulation results, and from the current parameters referring to the shape of Chariklo, we verify that the inner edge of the stable region is much closer to Chariklo than the rings. The Poincaré surface of sections allows us to identify periodic and quasi-periodic orbits of the first kind, and also the resonant islands corresponding to the 1:2, 2:5, and 1:3 resonances. We construct a map of aeq versus eeq space that gives the location and width of the stable region and the 1:2, 2:5, and 1:3 resonances.

Conclusions. We find that the first kind periodic orbit family can be responsible for a stable region whose location and size meet that of C1R, for specific values of the ring particle eccentricities. However, C2R is located in an unstable region if the width of the ring is assumed to be about 120 m. After analysing different systems, we propose that the best confinement mechanism is composed of three satellites: two satellites shepherding the inner edge of C1R and the outer edge of C2R, and the third satellite trapped in the 1:3 resonance.
AID-Systeme: Mehr Zeit im Zielbereich und weniger
Folgeerkrankungen
Authors: Küchler Yvonne
Published: September 2023

Ein System zur automatisierten Insulin-Dosierung (AID) besteht aus drei
Komponenten: einem System zur kontinuierlichen Glukosemessung (CGM), einem
Algorithmus, der auf den Glukosewerten basierend die Insulindosierungen
berechnet, und einer Insulinpumpe, die diese Dosierungen dann automatisch
abgibt. Der Algorithmus kann auf einem Smartphone oder der Insulinpumpe bzw.
deren Handgerät hinterlegt sein.
Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser …
Authors: Kluthe Bertil
Published: September 2023

Paradigmenwechsel in der Diabetologie

Die vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnte haben uns in zentralen Bereichen der Diabetestherapie
einen Paradigmenwechsel beschert, der uns den Weg zu einer anderen Sichtweise im
Bereich der Ernährungstherapie sowie neue Möglichkeiten bei den
technischen Hilfsmitteln und der medikamentösen Therapie eröffnet
hat.
Diabetestechnik: Vom Pieksen über das Monitoring zum Closed
Loop
Authors: Berwinkel Susanne , Flohr Felix
Published: September 2023

Seit der ersten Erwähnung der Stoffwechselerkrankung Diabetes mellitus in
der Antike hat es enorme Fortschritte gegeben. Die Blutzuckermessung mit
Messstreifen rückt heute durch sensorbasierte kontinuierliche Verfahren
(CGM) zunehmend in den Hintergrund. Die CGM in Verbindung mit der
automatisierten Insulindosierung gehört mittlerweile zur modernen
Diabetestherapie.
Melanom
Authors: Bubenzer Rainer H.
Published: September 2023

Ihre persönlichen Highlights bei neuen dermatoonkologischen Therapien, so berichtete Prof. Carmen Loquai, Bremen, sind die großen Schritte hin zur individualisierten onkologischen Systemtherapie mithilfe einer individualisierten Neoantigentherapie, etwa beim fortgeschrittenen Hochrisiko-Melanom. Voraussetzung für den innovativen Therapieansatz ist die Identifizierung individueller Neoantigene mittels Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Erste herausragende Daten dazu wurden auf dem diesjährigen Jahreskongress der American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) vorgestellt. Auf dieser Grundlage wird, so Loquai, eine individuell an den Patienten angepasste Vakzine hergestellt und verimpft.
Resektables NSCLC
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: September 2023

Mittlerweile sind synergistische Effekte bei Kombination von Immuntherapie und Angiogenesehemmung in der Behandlung des nicht-kleinzelligen Lungenkarzinoms (NSCLC) bekannt. Das bestätigt die Phase-III-Studie EAST ENERGY, in der das Regime Pembrolizumab/Ramucirumab zu einer hohen Rate pathologischer Remissionen und R0-Resektionen führte.
Auswirkungen der Schließung der pädiatrischen
Abteilung eines Kreiskrankenhauses auf die regionale Versorgung –
Analyse der Patientenflüsse
Authors: Tischler Luisa , Beyer Angelika , Moon Kilson , Hoffmann Wolfgang , van den Berg Neeltje
Published: September 2023

Hintergrund Die Folgen der Ökonomisierung und der Personalmangel
im deutschen Gesundheitswesen treffen pädiatrische Versorgungsstrukturen
stark, insbesondere in ländlichen Regionen. Es ist kaum bekannt, wie
sich Schließungen pädiatrischer Abteilungen auf
Patientenströme umliegender Krankenhäuser auswirken.
Fragestellung: Welche quantitativen Auswirkungen haben die Schließung
der pädiatrischen Abteilung eines Kreiskrankenhauses und die
nachfolgende Eröffnung eines ambulanten Versorgungsangebots auf die
Inanspruchnahme der Versorgungsleistungen der beiden benachbarten
Krankenhäuser und den Rettungsdienst der Region?

Methodik Im Beobachtungszeitraum 2015 bis 2019 wurden Patientendaten der
drei Krankenhäuser der Beobachtungsregion sowie Daten des
Rettungsdienstes des Landkreises gemeinsam ausgewertet. Eingeschlossen wurden
Patienten unter 18 Jahren aus 12 Postleitzahlenbereichen.

Ergebnisse Im Jahr nach der Schließung der Pädiatrie des
Kreiskrankenhauses in 2016 verringerte sich die Gesamtanzahl der
stationären Fälle der Region zunächst um 33%
(2015: n=1.787; 2016: n=1.193) und reduzierte sich dann noch um
weitere 11% (2019: n=1.005). Die Anzahl ambulanter Fälle
verringerte sich insgesamt um 8% (2015: n=6.250; 2019:
n=5.770). Im Jahr 2019 war der Rettungstransportwagen wesentlich
häufiger im Einsatz als im Jahr vor der Schließung (2015:
n=398; 2019: n=572). Dies bedeutet eine Steigerung um
44%.

Schlussfolgerung Nach der Schließung der
Pädiatrie-Abteilung verringerte sich die Gesamtanzahl der
stationären Fälle in der Region stark, tatsächliche
Versorgungslücken sind offenbar aber nicht entstanden. Vor einer
Schließung sollten die Folgen für die umringenden
Krankenhäuser genauer eingeschätzt werden. Echten
Versorgungslücken muss entgegengewirkt werden, z. B. durch
alternative ambulante Angebote.
Time to Antibiotics (TTA) – Überlegungen der
Arbeitsgruppe Fieber bei Granulozytopenie im Kindes- und Jugendalter
(GPOH/DGPI) zu einer Neubewertung.
Authors: Simon Arne , Lehrnbecher Thomas , Baltaci Yeliz , Dohna-Schwake Christian , Groll Andreas , Laws Hans-Jürgen , Potratz Jenny , Hufnagel Markus , Bochennek Konrad
Published: September 2023

Hintergrund Die geltende Leitlinie für kinderonkologische
Patienten mit febriler Granulozytopenie (FN) von 2016 empfiehlt eine
Time-to-Antibiotics (TTA)<60 min.

Methode Kritische Analyse verfügbarer Studien und Metaanalysen,
Diskussion der Konsequenzen in der Arbeitsgruppe Fieber bei Granulozytopenie der
Fachgesellschaften für pädiatrische Onkologie und
Hämatologie und pädiatrische Infektiologie.

Ergebnisse Die verfügbaren Studien können keinen klinisch
signifikanten Vorteil einer TTA<60 min für alle
kinderonkologischen Patienten mit FN darstellen. Studien, die einen solchen
Zusammenhang nahelegen, sind mit einem Triage Bias und anderen methodischen
Limitationen behaftet und nutzen unterschiedliche TTA Definitionen. Hingegen ist
eine TTA<60 min elementarer Bestandteil des
Einstunden-Maßnahme-Bündels bei septischem Schock oder Sepsis
mit Organdysfunktion.

Zusammenfassung Wenn alle kinderonkologischen Patienten mit neu
aufgetretenem Fieber zeitnah durch gut ausgebildetes und trainiertes
Fachpersonal eine strukturierte Anamnese und körperliche Untersuchung
(inkl. Vitalzeichen) erhalten und unter der Voraussetzung, dass lokal eine
Sepsis Triage und Management Bündel etabliert und implementiert wurde,
ist eine TTA<3 h bei kinderonkologischen Patienten mit FN
angemessen.
Modern Macrolactonization Techniques
Authors: Lebœuf David , Van Hoof Max , Force Guillaume
Published: September 2023

The study of macrolactonization processes has been a steady endeavor for synthetic chemists to access macrocycles that are fundamental in the development of numerous high-added-value compounds, notably drugs and fragrances. This field of research is essential as macrolactonizations usually take place at the end of manifold syntheses and chemists need reliable, efficient, and versatile tools to avoid unpredictable results that would lead them to completely redesign their synthetic plan. Here, we highlight the recent methods reported to achieve macrolactonizations towards the formation of both macrolactones and macrodiolides, which feature either Lewis acids, transition metals or organic molecules as activating agents.

1 Introduction

2 Stoichiometric Carboxylic Acid Activation

3 Lewis Acid Catalyzed Reaction

4 C–H Activation

5 Ring-Expansion Strategy

6 Chemoenzymatic Synthesis

7 Other Macrolactonization Variants

8 Conclusion and Outlook
Preoperative Risk Factors for Lymphedema in Inflammatory Breast Cancer
Authors: Copeland-Halperin Libby R. , Hyland Colby J. , Gadiraju Goutam K. , Xiang David H. , Bellon Jennifer R. , Lynce Filipa , Dey Tanujit , Troll Elizabeth P. , Ryan Sean J. , Nakhlis Faina , Broyles Justin M.
Published: September 2023

Background Prophylactic lymphatic bypass or LYMPHA (LYmphatic Microsurgical Preventive Healing Approach) is increasingly offered to prevent lymphedema following breast cancer treatment, which develops in up to 47% of patients. Previous studies focused on intraoperative and postoperative lymphedema risk factors, which are often unknown preoperatively when the decision to perform LYMPHA is made. This study aims to identify preoperative lymphedema risk factors in the high-risk inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) population.

Methods Retrospective review of our institution's IBC program database was conducted. The primary outcome was self-reported lymphedema development. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify preoperative lymphedema risk factors, while controlling for number of lymph nodes removed during axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), number of positive lymph nodes, residual disease on pathology, and need for adjuvant chemotherapy.

Results Of 356 patients with IBC, 134 (mean age: 51 years, range: 22–89 years) had complete data. All 134 patients underwent surgery and radiation. Forty-seven percent of all 356 patients (167/356) developed lymphedema. Obesity (body mass index > 30) (odds ratio [OR]: 2.7, confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–6.4, p = 0.02) and non-white race (OR: 4.5, CI: 1.2–23, p = 0.04) were preoperative lymphedema risk factors.

Conclusion Patients with IBC are high risk for developing lymphedema due to the need for ALND, radiation, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This study also identified non-white race and obesity as risk factors. Larger prospective studies should evaluate potential racial disparities in lymphedema development. Due to the high prevalence of lymphedema, LYMPHA should be considered for all patients with IBC.
Efeito da cirurgia de correção da coluna vertebral na força dos membros inferiores na escoliose idiopática do adolescente
Authors: Laett Conrado Torres , Visconti Rogério dos Reis , Meirelles Ricardo de Souza Portes , Santos Lenifran de Matos , Cossich Victor Rodrigues Amaral , Silva Sidnei Cavalcante da
Published: September 2023

Objetivos Analisar a força dos membros inferiores em pacientes com escoliose idiopática do adolescente (EIA) submetidos ou não ao tratamento cirúrgico e examinar sua correlação com a distância percorrida em um teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6).

Métodos Um total de 88 participantes (n = 30 pacientes com EIA pré-operatório, n = 30 pacientes com EIA pós-operatório e n = 28 controles) foram submetidos ao 6MWT e à avaliação da força muscular. A força dos membros inferiores foi medida na articulação do joelho usando os valores de pico de torque (PT) de extensão do joelho (EJ) e flexão do joelho (FJ).

Resultados O grupo controle percorreu uma distância maior no TC6 em comparação aos grupos pré-operatório (534 ± 67 m) e pós-operatório (541 ± 69 m), com distância de 612 ± 70 m (p <0,001). Não foram observadas diferenças em PT EJ (pré: 2,1 ± 0,63, pós: 2,1 ± 0,7, controle: 2,2 ± 0,7 Nm.kg−1, p = 0,67) ou PT FJ (pré: 1,0 ± 0,3, pós: 1,1 ± 0,3, controle: 1,1 ± 0,5 Nm.kg−1, p = 0,46). Houve uma correlação positiva moderada entre PT EJ e a distância do TC6 (r = 0,53, p < 0,001), assim como uma correlação positiva baixa entre PT FJ (r = 0,37, p = 0,003) e a distância do TC6.

Conclusão Este estudo destaca a importância da força máxima dos membros inferiores na funcionalidade de pacientes com EIA. Nossos achados sugerem que programas de exercícios destinados a aumentar a força dos membros inferiores, especialmente de EJ, podem melhorar a capacidade de caminhada de pacientes com EIA. Esses resultados fornecem informações úteis para o projeto de programas de exercícios intencionais para pacientes com EIA e déficits de marcha.
ABO Blood Group and the Risk of Thrombosis in Cancer Patients: A Mini-Review
Authors: Elsherif Salah , Zidan Ali , Saville Olivia , Othman Maha
Published: September 2023

Cancer-associated thrombosis (CT), especially venous thromboembolism (VTE), is a common occurrence with several factors contributing to a wide diversity in thrombosis risk. The association between ABO blood groups and the risk for CT has been examined in various studies, with non-O blood type associated with an increased thrombosis risk; however, these studies have reported varying results with recognized limitations. ABO blood groups are known to be implicated in hemostasis, in an association mediated through von Willebrand factor (VWF). In this narrative review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge surrounding the role of ABO blood groups in VTE, with a particular focus on the role of VWF and other contributing risk factors on VTE occurrence. We found evidence from literature for the impact of ABO blood groups in determining the risk of VTE in healthy populations, with a limited number of studies examining this effect in cancer patients. Additionally, research on the impact of ABO on different cancer types lacks rigor, particularly in regard to other risk factors. Overall, most studies showed strong association of increased risk of VTE amongst cancer patients with non-O blood groups and increased VWF levels. This association was weaker in a few studies. Further research is needed before a solid conclusion can be made about the ABO or ABO-VWF-mediated hypercoagulability and VTE risk in various cancers. These studies will help determine if ABO typing can be an added biomarker to improve VTE risk assessment models in cancer patients.
Neuroprognostication for Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: An Updated, Evidence-Based Review
Authors: Martin Schaff Christina , Kurent Jerome E. , Kolodziejczak Sherry , Milic Michelle , Foster Laura A. , Mehta Ambereen K.
Published: September 2023

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disorder that presents and progresses in various ways, making prognostication difficult. Several paradigms exist for providers to elucidate prognosis in a way that addresses not only the amount of time a patient has to live, but also a patient's quality of their life moving forward. Prognostication, with regard to both survivability and quality of life, is impacted by several features that include, but are not limited to, patient demographics, clinical features on presentation, and over time, access to therapy, and access to multidisciplinary clinics. An understanding of the impact that these features have on the life of a patient with ALS can help providers to develop a better and more personalized approach for patients related to their clinical prognosis after a diagnosis is made. The ultimate goal of prognostication is to empower patients with ALS to take control and make decisions with their care teams to ensure that their goals are addressed and met.
Figuring the ‘cynical scientist’ in British animal science: the politics of invisibility
Authors: Holmes Tarquin , Friese Carrie
Published: September 2023

This paper investigates the ‘cynical scientist’ as a figure in British animal science discourse that developed in relation to the nineteenth-century emergence of the ‘sceptical scientist’. Here, efforts by scientists to demarcate their profession’s territory led to religious backlash against an alleged ‘divorce’ of British science from Christian morality. Animal experimentation became embroiled in this controversy through antivivisectionists’ conviction that animal research was symptomatic of scientific scepticism and Continental atheism’s malign influence. Accusations of cynicism ultimately forced British scientists to accept legal regulation following the 1875 Royal Commission on Vivisection. British scientists were, however, able to utilise their political leverage and credibility as experts to favourably influence licensing and inspection. We suggest that efforts to silence public claims of scientific cynicism may have enabled ‘cynical scientists’ to remain invisible and that this was marked by privilege and power, not marginality. Nevertheless, we argue that regulation and reforms have also worked to internalise within British animal science the notion that scientific cynicism must be combatted through proper governance and internal discipline.