bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Label-free Macrophage Phenotype Classification Using Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Hourani Tetiana , Perez-Gonzalez Alexis , Khoshmanesh Khashayar , Luwor Rodney , Achuthan Adrian A. , Baratchi Sara , O’Brien-Simpson Neil M. , Al-Hourani Akram
Published: October 2022

Macrophages are heterogeneous innate immune cells that are functionally shaped by their surrounding microenvironment. Diverse macrophage populations have multifaceted differences related to their morphology, metabolism, expressed markers, and functions, where the identification of the different phenotypes is of an utmost importance in modelling immune response. While expressed markers are the most used signature to classify phenotypes, multiple reports indicate that macrophage morphology and autofluorescence are also valuable clues that can be used in the identification process. In this work, we investigated macrophage autofluorescence as a distinct feature for classifying six different macrophage phenotypes, namely: M0, M1, M2a, M2b, M2c, and M2d. The identification was based on extracted signals from multi-channel/multi-wavelength flow cytometer. To achieve the identification, we constructed a dataset containing 152,438 cell events each having a response vector of 45 optical signals fingerprint. Based on this dataset, we applied different supervised machine learning methods to detect phenotype specific fingerprint from the response vector, where the fully connected neural network architecture provided the highest classification accuracy of 75.8% for the six phenotypes compared simultaneously. Furthermore, by restricting the number of phenotypes in the experiment, the proposed framework produces higher classification accuracies, averaging 92.0%, 91.9%, 84.2%, and 80.4% for a pool of two, three, four, five phenotypes, respectively. These results indicate the potential of the intrinsic autofluorescence for classifying macrophage phenotypes, with the proposed method being quick, simple, and cost-effective way to accelerate the discovery of macrophage phenotypical diversity.
How Salt (NaCl) stress modulates histidine kinase-based signalling systems
Authors: Dabravolski Siarhei A. , Isayenkov Stanislav
Published: October 2022

Salt stress is a global environmental problem, which affects various biochemical and physiological processes in plants and significantly decreases the quantity and quality of the yield. NaCl is the main driver of NaCl-mediated effects because the accumulation of sodium ions (Na+) in plant tissues disrupts the homeostasis of other ions and may lead to secondary stresses. Two-component signalling (TCS) is an evolutionally conserved histidine-kinase based system utilised by many organisms to react to inner and environmental stimuli and stresses. In this review, we focus on the effect of NaCl on histidine-kinase based signalling systems (TCS) in bacteria and its advanced form multi-step phosphorely (MSP) in plants. Further, we discuss available data on the sodium-sensing approach employed by bacteria and plants, current limitations and future prospects in this area. Also, based on the analysed experimental and evolutional data, we suggested some potential directions for the future investigation of the salt-sensing mechanisms in plants.
DFFNDDS: Prediction of Synergistic Drug Combinations With Dual Feature Fusion Networks
Authors: Xu Mengdie , Zhao Xinwei , Wang Jingyu , Feng Wei , Wen Naifeng , Wang Chunyu , Wang Junjie , Liu Yun , Zhao Lingling
Published: October 2022

Drug combination therapies are promising clinical treatments for curing patients. However, efficiently identifying valid drug combinations remains challenging because the number of available drugs has increased rapidly. In this study, we proposed a deep learning model called the Dual Feature Fusion Network for Drug-Drug Synergy prediction (DFFNDDS) that utilizes a fine-tuned pretrained language model and dual feature fusion mechanism to predict synergistic drug combinations. The dual feature fusion mechanism fuses the drug features and cell line features at the bit-wise level and the vector-wise level. We demonstrated that DFFNDDS outperforms competitive methods and can serve as a reliable tool for identifying synergistic drug combinations.
Improving 1d Convolutional Neural Network (1d Cnn) Performance in Processing Tabular Datasets Using Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Surendro Kridanto , Rachmatullah Muhammad Ibnu Choldun , Santoso Judhi
Published: October 2022

Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has been used significantly in various applications to process data that have spatial or temporal relationship, such as image and video recognition, medical image analysis, natural language processing, and speech recognition. This study used CNN to process tabular datasets with unknown spatial and temporal relationship between attributes. It used a principal component analysis (PCA) process to obtain the relationship between the attributes, which are connected based on their variance values and expected to provide a spatial relationship. Therefore, after being transformed with PCA, the dataset remains in the tabular form but between attributes already have a relationship. Because the transformed dataset is still a one-dimensional dataset, the CNN model used is 1D CNN which is more suitable for processing one-dimensional data. To compare the performance of 1D CNN against the original dataset and the dataset that has been transformed with PCA, the Iris and Covertype datasets were used. By using the Wilcoxon difference test, it turns out that two datasets that have been transformed with PCA provide better performance than using the original dataset. Furthermore, the PCA implementation to the NCI-60 dataset using 1D CNN performed better compared to previous research. This research has an accuracy of 83.34%. The previous research transformed the dataset into a two-dimensional image classified using 2D CNN at an accuracy of 75.4%.
Analysis of clinical characteristics of patients with rhinitis in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Zhu Huiqing , Huang Zhifeng , An Nairui , Liu Tingting , Chen Tong , Sun Baoqing
Published: October 2022

Background: High prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma (AS) produces a considerable burden on patients and society, and it has negative impact on patients’ life, daily activities and work productivity.
Methods: A total of 270 patients withallergic rhinitis were recruited, of whom 177 (65.6%) combined with asthma (AR&AS). All patients filled out a standardized questionnaire againstrespiratory allergic diseases. Skin prick test (SPT) and or serological specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) test for 9 common inhalation allergens.
Results: House dust mites (HDMs)were the main aeroallergen in patients with respiratory allergic diseases, and the positive rates were all more than 60%. The age of AR&AS patients was higher than that of AR patients (P < 0.05), and the patients with AR only are more likely to have a family history of allergy. Almost all (94%) of patients with AR only develop nasal and eye symptoms when exposed to cold air. The reporting rate of rhinitis symptoms caused by pollen exposure is 33.33%~44.07%, while the reporting rate of rhinitis symptoms caused by furry animal exposure were about 25%. The incidence of rhinitis symptoms in moderate to severe patients was higher than that in mild patients (all P<0.05). 41.94% of patients reported symptoms of cough in AR patients, and among the patients with AR&AS, 97.18% reported the symptoms of wheezing, 70.06% reported chest tightness and 75.14% reported cough. The reporting rate of AR&AS patients was higher than that of AR patients. And the percentage of pulmonary symptoms reported by children was significantly lower than that of adults.
Conclusions: HDMs are the main allergen causing respiratory allergic diseases. The introduction of different types of AR will help to better understand the risk factors and progress of patients with AR, and may help to put forward more targeted prevention strategies and treatment.
Genetic characterization of HIV-1 viruses among antiretroviral therapy failure individuals in Suzhou City, China
Authors: DONG Zefeng , XU Zhihui , ZHOU Ying , TIAN Runfang , ZHOU Kai , WANG Di , YA Xuerong , SHEN Qiang
Published: October 2022

Background: This retrospective study was aimed to characterize the distribution of HIV-1 genotypes and prevalence of drug-resistance mutations in antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure individuals in Suzhou City, China.
Methods: Polgene of HIV-1 viruses in EDTA anticoagulant plasma samples of 398 ART failure HIV-infected individuals were successfully amplified by using an in-house assay. Drug resistance mutations were analyzed by using the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database system (https://hivdb.stanford.edu/hivdb/by-mutations/). HIV-1 genotypes were determined by REGA HIV subtyping tool (version 3.46, https://www.genomedetective.com/app/typingtool/hiv). Near full-length genomes (NFLG) of HIV-1 viruses were obtained by next generation sequencing method.
Results: Sequences analysis of the pol gene revealed that CRF 01_AE (57.29%, 228/398) was the dominant subtype circulating in Suzhou City, followed by CRF 07_BC (17.34%, 69/398), subtype B (7.54%, 30/398), CRF 08_BC (6.53%, 26/398), CRF 67_01B (3.02%, 12/398) and CRF55_01B (2.51%, 10/398). The overall prevalence of drug-resistant mutations in ART failure HIV-infected individuals was 64.57% (257/398), including 45.48% (181/398) for nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) mutations, 63.32% (252/398) for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) mutations, and 3.02% (12/398) for protease inhibitors (PIs) mutations. Ten near full-length genomes (NFLG) of HIV-1 viruses were identified, including six recombinants of CRF 01_AE and subtype B, two recombinants of CRF 01_AE, subtype B and subtype C sequences, one recombinant of CRF 01_AE and subtype C and one recombinant of CRF 01_AE, subtype A1 and subtype C.
Conclusions: The high prevalence of drug-resistant HIV-1 viruses was a serious challenge for HIV prevention and HIV-infected individuals’ treatment. Therapeutic regimens of ART failure HIV-infected individuals should be adjusted in time according to drug resistance test results. NFLG sequencing facilitates the identification of new HIV-1 recombinant strains.
The striatum drives the ergogenic effects of caffeine
Authors: Alves Ana Cristina de Bem , Speck Ana Elisa , Farias Hémelin Resende , Santos Naiara Souza dos , Pannata Gabriela , Tavares Ana Paula , Martins Leo Meira , de Oliveira Jade , Tomé Ângelo Ribeiro , Cunha Rodrigo , Aguiar Aderbal S
Published: October 2022

Caffeine is one of the main ergogenic resources used in exercise and sports. Previously, we presented the ergogenic mechanism of caffeine through neuronal A2AR antagonism in the central nervous system [1]. We demonstrate here that the striatum rules the ergogenic effects of caffeine through neuroplasticity changes. Thirty-four Swiss (8–10 weeks, 47 ± 1.5 g) and twenty-four C57BL6 (8–10 weeks, 23.9 ± 0.4 g) adult male mice were challenged in behavior and electrophysiology experiments using caffeine and SH-SY5Y cells for energetic metabolism. Systemic (15 mg/kg, i.p.) or striatal (bilateral, 15 µg) caffeine was psychostimulant in the open field (p < 0.05) and increased gripping muscle power (p < 0.05). Caffeine also induced long-term potentiation (LTP) in striatal slices (p < 0.05) and increased mitochondrial mass (p < 0.05) and membrane potential p < 0.05) in SH-SY5Y dopaminergic cells. In summary, our results demonstrate that caffeine stimulation in the striatum produces ergogenic effects accompanied by an LTP, possibly associated with acute increased mitochondrial metabolism observed in dopaminergic cell lines.
Root hypoxia aggravates the effects of saline tailings water on the growth and physiology of woody plants
Authors: Fleurial Killian Gérardin , Zhang Wen-Qing , Vassov Robert , Zwiazek Janusz J.
Published: October 2022

Aims
Oil sands mining in the boreal forest produces large volumes of liquid tailings. Research has generally focused on the thickness and composition of the soil layers to be placed on top of the tailings during reclamation. However, tailings release water, which may seep into the root zone and affect plants. Furthermore, the interactions and combined effects of root hypoxia and root substrate chemistry on plant responses are poorly understood.
Methods
The effects of the aqueous phase of novel tailings (Non-Segregating Tailings—NST) were studied under well-aerated and hypoxic conditions in three relatively hypoxia resistant tree species [tamarack (Larix laricina), black spruce (Picea mariana), and balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera)] and three relatively sensitive tree species [lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), jack pine (Pinus banksiana), and aspen (Populus tremuloides)] by growing them in hydroponic solutions in a controlled environment.
Results
Root hypoxic conditions further reduced the survival, growth, and physiology of plants exposed to NST. Our results confirm that NST water produces the same deleterious effects in plants as previously reported in the amalgamated oil sands tailings. In trembling aspen, salt sequestration was inhibited, and in black spruce needles hypoxia may have prevented an osmoregulative mechanism.
Conclusions
Our results highlight the potential impact of water seepage from buried tailings on reclamation success. Furthermore, hypoxic conditions can aggravate these effects by inhibiting salt stress mechanisms. We suggest that the preparation of reclamation sites impacted by tailings water should involve efforts aimed at improvement of soil aeration to minimize the detrimental effects on plants.
An integrated chromatographic strategy to discover free radical inhibitors from trace fraction of Ribes himalense Royle ex Decne
Authors: Liu Chuang , Lei Yuqing , Lv Yue , Liu Youyi , Guo Jingrou , Wu Minchen , Dang Jun
Published: October 2022

Efficient and rapid chromatographic strategies are indispensable for analyzing the chemical components of natural products as well as their biological functions. The current study developed an integrated chromatography-based strategy to recognize and separate trace free radical inhibitors from the traditional Tibetan medicine Ribes himalense Royle ex Decne (R. himalense). First, R. himalense was processed using medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) involving polyamide as a stationary phase. Then the free radical inhibitors in target fraction (Fr4) were purified using a two-dimensional reversed-phase/reversed-phase interaction liquid chromatography (2D RP/RPLC) mode, with the procedure being directed by an online HPLC-1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (HPLC-DPPH) activity screening method. Finally, three free radical inhibitors (3-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester, rutin and myricetin-3'-α-L-rhamnopyranoside) were successfully isolated with a percentage purity above 95%, with their IC50 values being 22.5 µg/mL, 9.5 µg/mL and 15.4 µg/mL respectively. To the best of our knowledge, these free radical inhibitors are being recorded for the first time in R. himalense. Furthermore, the integrated chromatography-based strategy developed in this work was shown to be reliable and efficient, which further supplemented the chemical components of R. himalense, as well as provided methodological support for the analysis of active substances in other natural products.
Impact of seed origin and genetic drift of improved rice variety IR841 in Benin
Authors: SEDAH Paulin , DJEDATIN Gustave Lambert , Yêyinou Laura Estelle Loko , EWEDJE Eben-Ezer , OROBIYI Azize , GBEMAVO Charlemangne Dossou Seblodo Judes , TOFFA Joelle , TCHAKPA Cyrille , CUBRY Phillipe , SABOT Francois
Published: October 2022

Background
Rice production is important for food security in Benin, with a national production largely dominated by the cultivation of the ecotype IR841, by far the most appreciated by Beninese consumers. However, to maintain agronomical qualities of a given cultivar, the origin and quality of seeds are mandatory and at the heart of the maintenance of yield and of market requests. Following this idea, the objective of the current study was thus to investigate the genetic purity of IR841 varieties collected from rice producers across 22 villages in Benin in relation to their agronomical performances.
Results
For this, agromorphological evaluation of 72 accessions based on 13 quantitative descriptors followed by genotyping with the Illumina Infinium rice 7K SNP array of 9 accessions was carried out in the presence of 2 controls. Agromorphologic as well as genetic and phylogenetic analyses revealed two groups, the first one Okouta97, Koum47, Nana30, Man118, Ang1 and control sample IR841-2) was characterized by seed accessions provided by the formal seed system, while the second ((Koum53, Tchaka41 and Koud46) comprising seeds from local markets or from previous harvests and showing a depression in agronomic performances.
Conclusion
We showed that IR841 seed purity is mandatory for the completion of agronomical performance, and that the farmers’ choice of seeds must be guided and informed to ensure sustainability and food security
Particle tracking velocimetry as a method for chip ejection studies during groove milling of particleboard
Authors: Hausmann Julius , Hafemann Thomas E. , Rüdiger Frank , Herzberg Marcus , Gottlöber Christian
Published: October 2022

Studies on chip ejection from tools provide important information for the design of tools and effective chip collection elements used in woodworking machines. Among the chip properties, chip motion and its distribution are of particular interest for the design process. Until now, chip velocities have only been measured by manual tracking over a high-speed image sequence, which allows only a small scope of inspection. Here, we present the use of high-speed imaging in combination with particle tracking velocimetry as a new method for the semi-automatic evaluation of the magnitudes and directions of chip velocities. The methodology was tested in groove milling of particleboard.It was found that state-of-the-art particle tracking algorithms are suitable for quantitative analysis of chip motion in high-speed images. Therefore, spatial and temporal analysis of the chip velocity along the tool circumference are feasible and are presented here. In addition to chip velocity, chip collisions with the tool or other chips can be observed. This research also shows that image evaluation of chip sizes and shapes is potentially possible.In summary, the presented work provides methods that can quantitatively describe chip motion after chip formation. In the future, the presented methodology offers the possibility of investigating the relationships between tooth and chip space geometries, as well as different materials and the chip ejection of tools. Thus, the presented methodology provides a basis for creating a more general understanding of chip motion from machining operations, which can lead to innovations and improvements in chip collection.
The stability region characterization of general fluid model MQMS system
Authors: li yake
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we study the stability region characterization for the fluid model multi-queue multi-server (MQMS) queueing system. We characterize the stability region of the general fluid model MQMS system by an infinite set of inequalities.
We present that a finite set of inequalities by the integration method can exactly characterize the stability region of the two-queue and three-queue systems.
By reducing the multiplicity of the integral, we prove that the stability region
only depends on the channel distribution, the number of servers and the number of queues.
Finally, in order to describe the stable region more intuitively, we give several examples and show the visible stability region by two and three dimensional polytopes for two-queue and three-queue systems.
Retention potential of a drained wetland in the Lusatian lignite mining district, Briesener Niedermoor, Germany, Europe
Authors: Hartmann Clemens , Uhlmann Wilfried , Scheytt Traugott
Published: October 2022

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is one of the most important global causes for polluted water. It occurs in mining areas due to oxidation of sulfide minerals. Depending on hydrological conditions, wetlands are considered suitable for passive treatment of AMD. The aim of the study was to characterize the long-term retention performance of a drained wetland, Briesener Niedermoor, in an iron and sulfate contaminated catchment area. The site is located in the Lusatian lignite mining district, Germany. Hydrological and hydrochemical measurements as well as time series of groundwater and surface water were evaluated and saturation conditions of iron species were determined using Phreeqc Interactive and EH-pH diagrams for the Fe-S-K-O-H system. Progressing peat degradation due to drainage leads to a hydraulic behaviour of the wetland that is more comparable to a rain bog than a fen, and thus to more pronounced oxic conditions. Groundwater feeds the wetland with significant loads of iron and sulfate, which are temporally stored in the wetland. At low surface water discharge iron is removed and weak acidic pH is buffered by the dominant phase of schwertmannite (Fe8O8(OH)6SO4), usually during summer months. In winter, greater water availability initializes a high source strength from the wetland, that cannot be retarded. Thus, only during summer there is a retention potential, in winter the retention potential is not strong enough to prevent an inflow of iron and sulfate. Only a significant rewetting of the wetland may result in a restoration of the retention potential of the wetland Briesener Niedermoor.
Comparative analysis and impact assessment on the electricity price of traditional carbon capture methods and that of direct precipitation of CO2 with the addition of Ca(OH)2 in the scope of a case study in Shenzhen.
Authors: Wu Tongxin
Published: October 2022

With the dramatic increase in global temperature, carbon dioxide is one of the major culprits. Scholars are seeking ways to maintain or decrease the carbon emission level globally in modern days. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) addresses this issue, and mineralization of CCS turns out to be the most secure method because carbonate (CO3) produced out of mineralization is harmless and can be found in Earth crusts with abundance. Amine solutions are introduced to be incorporated into the CCS and can accelerate the conversion. However, the amine regeneration results in high operational costs and energy penalties in traditional methods. The addition of Ca(OH)2 can address this problem and has a conversion rate as high as 97.4%. This new method also makes fossil-fuel-based CCS more competitive. Future breakthroughs are still needed to make CCS cheaper and provide stable renewable energy supplies, enabling carbon neutrality to be more promising.
Comparative full-field velocimetry of liquid flow within monolithic catalyst carriers via CFD simulations and MRV measurements
Authors: Sadeghi Mehrdad , Ricke Adrian , Pesch Georg R. , Dreher Wolfgang , Thöming Jorg
Published: October 2022

In reaction engineering, it is often that overcoming transport limitations improves reactor performance. This requires detailed analyses of transport phenomena in the catalytic beds. Nuclear magnetic resonance velocimetry (MRV) measurements have been utilized for analyzing mass transport of gas flows within opaque monoliths. Comparisons to full-field computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, however, show significant deviations. In this study, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and 3D-printed monoliths including one open-cell foam (OCF) and one honeycomb were used to demonstrate that both operating fluid and monolith morphology influence the achievable signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of NMR data. The velocity profiles measured by MRV in OCF agreed well with full-field CFD simulations with ± 5% deviation. In addition, the similarity between the simulated and experimental velocity fields was quantified by the similarity index, which is 1 for identical images. A mean value of 0.83 was determined for a 10 PPI OCF. Thus, using PEG as the operating fluid and a 10 PPI OCF allows to improve both spatial resolution by 34% and the quality of agreement by 13 percentage points compared to the published results of gas velocimetry within 20 PPI OCF. We further identified and quantified possible sources of deviation between CFD and MRV velocity fields. By limiting our analysis to velocities higher than 45% of the maximum velocity, we could achieve similarity indices of 0.95–0.99.
Synthesis of pyrido-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-7(8H)-carboxylate; Structure identification and X‑ray analyses
Authors: Ramadan Mohamed , Aly Ashraf A. , Ahmed Essam Kh. , Nieger Martin , Brown Alan B. , Bräse Stefan
Published: October 2022

Synthesis of oxothiazolidine-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-3,6(7H)-dicarboxylate together with its structure and X‑ray analysis were achieved. The product was obtained during the reaction between diethyl 2-(3-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)thioureido)-4,5-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-3,6(7H)-dicarboxylate and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate. The structure of the obtained compound was confirmed by IR, NMR, mass spectra together with elemental analysis and X-ray structure analysis. The aforementioned compound showed strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds which play important roles in the crystal packing of it.
Valorization of rice straw, sugarcane bagasse and sweet sorghum bagasse for the production of bioethanol and phenylacetylcarbinol
Authors: Nunta Rojarej , Techapun Charin , Sommanee Sumeth , Mahakuntha Chatchadaporn , Porninta Kritsadaporn , Punyodom Winita , Phimolsiripol Yuthana , Rachtanapun Pornchai , Wang Wen , Zhuang Xinshu , Qi Wei , Jantanasakulwong Kittisak , Reungsang Alissara , Kumar Anbarasu , Leksawasdi Noppol
Published: October 2022

Open burning of agricultural residues causes numerous complications including particulate matter pollution in the air, soil degradation, global warming and many more. Since they possess bio-conversion potential, agro-industrial residues including sugarcane bagasse (SCB), rice straw (RS), corncob (CC) and sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) were chosen for the study. Yeast strains, Candida tropicalis, C. shehatae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Kluyveromyces marxianus var. marxianus were compared for their production potential of bioethanol and phenylacetylcarbinol (PAC), an intermediate in the manufacture of crucial pharmaceuticals, namely, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine. Among the substrates and yeasts evaluated, RS cultivated with C. tropicalis produced significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher ethanol concentration at 15.3 g/L after 24 h cultivation. The product per substrate yield (Yeth/s) was 0.38 g/g with the volumetric productivity (Qp) of 0.64 g/L/h and fermentation efficiency of 73.6% based on a theoretical yield of 0.51 g ethanol/g glucose. C. tropicalis grown in RS medium produced 0.303 U/mL pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), a key enzyme that catalyzes the production of PAC, with a specific activity of 0.400 U/mg protein after 24 h cultivation. This present study also compared the whole cells biomass of C. tropicalis with its partially purified PDC preparation for PAC biotransformation. The whole cells C. tropicalis PDC at 1.29 U/mL produced an overall concentration of 62.3 mM PAC, which was 68.4% higher when compared to partially purified enzyme preparation. The results suggest that the valorization of lignocellulosic residues into bioethanol and PAC will not only aid in mitigating the environmental challenge posed by their surroundings but also has the potential to improve the bioeconomy.
Malicious Website Identification Using Design Attribute Learning
Authors: Naim Or , Cohen Doron , Gal Irad Ben
Published: October 2022

Malicious websites pose a challenging cybersecurity threat. Traditional tools for detecting malicious websites rely heavily on industry-specific domain knowledge, are maintained by large-scale research operations, and result in a never-ending attacker-defender dynamic. Malicious websites need to balance two opposing requirements to successfully function: escaping malware detection tools while attracting visitors. This fundamental conflict can be leveraged to create a robust and sustainable detection approach based on the extraction, analysis and learning of design attributes for malicious website identification. In this paper, we propose a next-generation algorithm for extended design attribute learning that learns and analyzes web page structures, contents, appearances and reputations to detect malicious websites. A large-scale experiment that was conducted on more than 35,000 websites suggests that the proposed algorithm effectively detects more than 83% of all malicious websites while maintaining a low false-positive rate of 2%. In addition, the proposed method can incorporate user feedback and flag new suspicious websites and thus can be effective against zero-day attacks.
Intensity-dependent gamma electrical stimulation regulates microglial activation, reduces beta-amyloid load, and facilitates memory in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Liu Qian , Contreras Adam , Afaq Muhammad Shan , Yang Weijian , Hsu Daniel K , Russell Michael , Lyeth Bruce , Zanto Theodore P. , Zhao Min
Published: October 2022

Background: Gamma electrical stimulation (GES) may reduce AD-specific pathology. Yet, the efficacy of electrical stimulation in animal models of AD is unknown, and prior research has not addressed intensity-dependent effects.
Objective: The effect of GES on Aβ clearance and microglia modulation were assessed in 5xFAD mouse brain, as well as the behavioral performance of the animals in the Morris Water Maze.
Methods and Results: One hour of epidural GES at 40Hz delivered over a month significantly 1) reduced Aβ42 load in the AD brain, 2) increased microglia cell counts, decreased cell body size, increased length of cellular processes of the Iba1+ cells, and 3) improved behavioral performance (learning & memory). All these effects were most pronounced when a higher stimulation current was applied.
Conclusion: The efficacy of GES on the reduction of AD pathology and the intensity-dependent feature provides guidance for the development of this promising therapeutic approach.
Disparities in COVID-19 vaccination coverage in rural Romania
Authors: Marin Anca Monica
Published: October 2022

This paper explores factors associated with differences in COVID-19 vaccination coverage in the rural localities of Romania. The perspective used by this study is therefore centered around structural factors, rather than on individual level factors. The study is based on a secondary analysis of public official data on vaccination coverage at local level and local budgets execution in Romania, alongside other variables publicly available. The study reveals that communes with a good vaccination coverage are to a significantly higher extent from communes with a good coverage of the population with general practitioners, a high COVID-19 incidence rate in September 2021, a higher share of older persons in the total population, without a marginalized community and from specific development regions. The paper contributes to enlarging the perspective on the structural factors related to territorial disparities on vaccination coverage.
Difference in the fibular attachment structure between the superior and inferior fascicles of the anterior talofibular ligament using ultrasonography and histological examinations
Authors: Kakegawa Akira , Fukushima Nanae , Sumitomo Norimi , Nagira Ayata , Ichinose Yuko
Published: October 2022

Purpose
The anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) is divided into superior (SB) and inferior bands (IB). Although the differences in length and width are known, the structure of the fibular attachment had not been elucidated. The present study aimed to clarify the differences in the fibular attachment structure between ATFL’s SB and IB using cross-sectional images along the ligament.
Methods
An anatomical study using 15 formalin-fixed ankles was performed. The lateral ankle ligament complex was collected after a longitudinal image of SB/IB was visualized by ultrasonography. The specimens were decalcified and sectioned longitudinally at the center of SB/IB using a microtome. Histological evaluation of the enthesis structure at the fibular attachment of SB/IB was performed using hematoxylin–eosin and Masson’s trichrome stains.
Results
A fibrillar pattern could not be observed in the longitudinal image at the IB level by ultrasonography. The lengths of ATFL’s SB and IB were 20.6 ± 1.6 and 15.3 ± 1.3 mm, respectively, with thicknesses of 1.8 ± 0.4 and 1.0 ± 0.4 mm, respectively. The ATFL’s IB was significantly shorter and thinner than the ATFL’s SB. The fibular attachment of ATFL’s SB had distinct enthesis structure, whereas in the attachment structure of the ATFL’s IB, there were several variations including a type with a narrower enthesis structure than the ATFL’s SB and a type that merged with or wrapped around the calcaneofibular ligament.
Conclusion
The fibular attachment structure between ATFL’s SB and IB differs. Our results could be useful information when performing ultrasonography and MRI diagnosis.
Predicting Money Laundering using Machine Learning and Artificial Neural Networks Algorithms in Banks
Authors: Lokanan Mark
Published: October 2022

This paper aims to build a machine learning and a neural network model to detect the probability of money laundering in banks. The paper's data came from a simulation of actual transactions flagged for money laundering in Middle Eastern banks. The main findings highlight that criminal networks mainly use the integration stage to integrate money into the financial system. Fraudsters prefer to launder funds in the early hours, morning followed by the business day's afternoon time intervals. Additionally, the Naïve Bayes and Random Forest classifiers were identified as the two best-performing
models to predict bank money laundering transactions.
The diversity of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from asymptomatic and symptomatic school-age children in Kinshasa province, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Simpson Shirley V. , Nundu Sabin Sabiti , Arima Hiroaki , Kaneko Osamu , Mita Toshihiro , Culleton Richard , Yamamoto Taro
Published: October 2022

Background. Understanding Plasmodium falciparum population diversity and transmission dynamics provides information on the intensity of malaria transmission, which is needed for assessing malaria control interventions. We investigated P. falciparum allelic diversity and multiplicity of infection (MOI) in asymptomatic and symptomatic school-age children in Kinshasa province, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
Methods. A total of 438 DNA samples (248 asymptomatic and 190 symptomatic) were characterized by nested PCR and genotyping the polymorphic regions of pfmsp1 block 2 and pfmsp2 block 3.
Results. Nine allele types were observed in pfmsp1 block2. The K1-type allele was predominant with 78% (229/293) prevalence, followed by the MAD20-type allele (52%, 152/293) and RO33-type allele (44%, 129/293). Twelve alleles were detected in pfmsp2; and the 3D7-type allele was the most frequent with 84% (256/304) prevalence, followed by the FC27-type allele (66%, 201/304). Polyclonal infections were detected in 63% (95% CI: 56, 69) of the samples, and the MOI was 2.0 (95% CI: 1.9, 2.1) in P. falciparum single species infections. MOIs significantly increased in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from symptomatic parasite carriers than asymptomatic ones (2.24 versus 1.69, Adjusted b: 0.36, (95% CI: 0.01, 0.72), p = 0.046) and parasitemia >10,000 parasites/µL compared to parasitemia <5,000 parasites/µL (2.68 versus 1.63, Adjusted b: 0.89, (95% CI: 0.46, 1.25), p < 0.001).
Conclusion. Our survey showed low allelic diversity and MOI of P. falciparum, which reflects a moderate intensity of malaria transmission in the study areas. MOIs were more likely to be common in symptomatic infections and increased with the parasitemia level. Further studies in different transmission zones are needed to understand the epidemiology and parasite complexity in the DRC.
Multi-proxy Signature Scheme Using Five-qubit Entangled State Based on Controlled Quantum Teleportation
Authors: Fan Ting-Ting , Lu Dian-Jun , You Min-Guo , Qian Si-Jie
Published: October 2022

With the upgrading of communication technology and the rapid development of quantum computing, the classical digital signature schemes are faced with unprecedented challenges, so the research on quantum digital signature is imperative. In this paper, we propose a multi-proxy signature scheme based on controlled quantum teleportation of five-qubit entangled state. In this scheme, quantum fourier transform is used as an encryption method to encrypt message, which improves the quantum efficiency compared with the quantum one-time pad. The five-qubit maximally entangled state which is qubit threshold quantum error correction required is used as the quantum channel to ensure the stability of the scheme. Security analysis shows that our scheme is unforgeable and undeniable, and it can resist the intercept-resend attack.
Rocket launch induced G-force impact on Apis mellifera queens' fertility - results of a pilot study
Authors: Stasiowska Dagmara
Published: October 2022

Rocket launch is the most stressful stage of the rocket flight due to the hypergravity occurrences. The possibility of usage of honey bees (Apis mellifera) as the extraterrestrial pollinator depends then on their ability to correctly reproduce after experiencing G-force increases. Four artificially inseminated Apis mellifera carnica queens with attendants were given to the acceleration pattern of the launching Soyuz rocket on the Human Training Centrifuge. After the experiment along with the queens from the control group, they were given to the experimental beehives. Data on the number of food stores, eggs, larvae, and worker and drone pupae were acquired and analysed in the context of hives composition, trends in the number of eggs and deviations in their development. Results of the pilot study imply that there is no significant difference in the fertility of both samples. However, the Author indicates research results limitations such as sample size or limited observation time.
Calculation of the steady states in dynamic semiconductor laser models
Authors: Radziunas Mindaugas
Published: October 2022

We discuss numerical challenges in calculating stable and unstable steady states of widely used dynamic semiconductor laser models. Knowledge of these states is valuable when analyzing laser dynamics and different properties of the lasing states. The example simulations and analysis mainly rely on 1(time)+1(space)-dimensional traveling-wave models, where the steady state defining conditions are formulated as a system of nonlinear algebraic equations. The performed steady state calculations reveal limitations of the Lang-Kobayashi model, explain nontrivial bias threshold relations in lasers with several electrical contacts, or predict and explain transient dynamics when simulating such lasers.
Kamu Sağlık Kurumlarında Farklı Risk Analiz Yöntemlerinin İncelenmesi: Örnek Bir Uygulama
Authors: KARAN BUTURAK Gülistan , YAPICI Nil
Published: October 2022

Günümüzde risk yönetimi ve değerlendirmesi iş sağlığı ve güvenliği felsefesinin en önemli unsurlarından biri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Sağlık sektörü çalışma ortamında karşılaşılabilecek riskler, tehlikeli durum ve davranışlar ile meydana geldiğinde ortaya çıkabilecek sonuçları göz önüne alındığında en riskli çalışma alanlarından biridir. Ülkemizde sağlık çalışanları sağlık hizmet sunumlarının birçok alanında hizmet vermektedir. Özellikle hastanelerde; biyolojik, kimyasal, fiziksel, ergonomik, psikososyal risklerle karşı karşıya çalışmaktadır.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, kalitatif risk değerlendirme metotlarından L Matris ve Fine-Kinney risk değerlendirme yöntemlerinin karşılaştırılarak sağlık sektöründeki etkinliklerinin değerlendirilmesidir.

Çalışma sonucunda L tipi Matris yönteminde tespit edilen tehlike kaynaklarının risk önem dereceleri orta seviye risk önem derecesinde iken; Fine-Kinney yönteminde aynı tehlike kaynaklarının risk önem derecesi Yüksek/Çok yüksek seviyesinde karşımıza çıkmaktadır.
A review of hydro-hegemony and transboundary water governance
Authors: Hayat Shakeel , Gupta Joyeeta , Vegelin Courtney , Jamali Hameed
Published: October 2022

This review paper is an attempt to analyze the existing literature on hydro-hegemony (HH) theory, which has emerged to explain transboundary water interactions. The literature highlights that the conventional water interaction literature inadequately deals with three important factors: (i) asymmetric power relations, (ii) varying intensities of conflict, and (iii) the importance of the geographical location of riparian states. Since its emergence, it has evolved both in theory development and in application to transboundary basins. Although an attempt has been made earlier for reviewing, organizing and evaluating the overall literature on HH, the review itself is somehow silent on the hegemonic approaches to assess its contribution to the transboundary water governance literature and to identify the existing and future research gaps. This paper, however, not just addresses these omissions to (i) review the scholarly literature on HH; (ii) explore the challenges associated with power, cooperation, and conflict; and (iii) identify and explore potential trends in HH theory, but it also gives special attention to the hegemonic approaches within states’ boundaries and the ingredients to enrich the theory and research agenda of HH.
A fuzzy-interval nonlinear programming for boosters under uncertainty
Authors: Huang Xin , Wang Yumin
Published: October 2022

In this paper, an integration of a fuzzy-interval credibility-constrained (FIC) model expressed by fuzzy interval sets (FIS) and interval nonlinear programming (INP), termed an FIC-INP model, was proposed and applied to two cases. After formulating the FIC-INP model, upper and lower disinfection booster costs can be obtained for two cases under various combinations of credibility levels of upper and lower limits. The results indicated that the upper and lower booster costs increased with the credibility levels of the lower limits. The upper as well as the lower booster costs increased with the booster numbers. For credibility levels of lower limit constraints ranging from 0.6 to 0.9, the upper and lower booster costs increased under enlarging/widening trapezoidal distributions, and the intervals of booster costs increased with interval uncertainty. For a lower limit constraint credibility level of 0.5, the upper and lower booster costs decreased under shrinking/narrowing trapezoidal distributions, and the booster cost intervals increased under larger interval trapezoidal distributions. The degrees of effect of the interval uncertainty are higher than the fuzzy uncertainty. The results obtained can provide more information for managers to make booster schemes under fuzzy and interval uncertainties.
Cognitive Disorders in Patients with Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Khubetova Iryna
Published: October 2022

The aim of the study was to identify cognitive disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease

Material and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the neurological department of the Regional Clinical Hospital (Odesa) during 2011-2021. 364 patients were diagnosed with Parkinson disease (PD) on the basis of diagnostic criteria of the British Brain Bank. Clinical and demographic data were studied: age, sex, severity according to the UPDRS scale, stage of the disease according to the Hoen-Yahr scale, the presence of cognitive impairment and their nature. MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination;) and PD-CRS (Parkinson’s Disease-Cognitive Rating Scale) were used to study cognitive functions. Statistical processing was performed by analysis of variance, correlation and factor analysis using Statistica 13.0 software (TIBCO, USA).

Results.

At the onset of the disease, left lesions were noted in 126 of 364 patients, ie 34.6%, right - 127 (34.9%), the remaining 111 (30.5%) - bilateral lesions. The structure of the disease was dominated by mixed forms. Akinetic-rigid form was observed in 92 (25.3%) cases, trembling - in 27 (7.4%), mixed rigid-trembling in 157 (43.1%) cases, trembling-rigid in 92 (7.4%). Patients with stage 2 and 3 CP were most often registered in 28.6% and 28.0% of cases, respectively. 31 (8.5%) patients had more severe motor disorders (stages 3.5 and 4). Cognitive impairment was detected in a significant number of patients (238 or 45.2%), the mean score on the MMSE scale was 25.3 ± 0.3. Accordingly, on the PD-CRS scale, the average score was 91.2 ± 3.4 points. Subdemental changes were present in 82 (15.6%) patients. Accordingly, mild dementia was found in 15 (2.8%) patients, moderate dementia - in 18 (3.4%).

Conclusions:

The frequency of detection of cognitive impairment in patients with CP was 45.2% with a mean score on the MMSE scale of 25.3 ± 0.3, and on the PD-CRS scale - 91.2 ± 3.4 points

Dementia changes were in 82 (15.6%) patients, mild dementia was found in 15 (2.8%) patients, moderate dementia - in 18 (3.4%)

There is a direct correlation between the age and severity of intellectual disabilities (r = 0.50).

Self-care disorders are determined by the severity of both motor and cognitive disorders by 72% (R = 0.851; R2 = 0.723; Adjusted R2 = 0.721; F (2.2) = 309; p <10-4; SE = 4.6 ).

Key words: Parkinson's disease, cognitive impairment, quality of life
A Smartphone-Based Platform Assisted by Artificial Intelligence for Reading and Reporting Rapid Diagnostic Tests: Evaluation Study in SARS-CoV-2 Lateral Flow Immunoassays
Authors: Bermejo-Peláez David , Marcos-Mencía Daniel , Álamo Elisa , Pérez-Panizo Nuria , Mousa Adriana , Dacal Elena , Lin Lin , Vladimirov Alexander , Cuadrado Daniel , Mateos-Nozal Jesús , Galán Juan Carlos , Romero-Hernandez Beatriz , Cantón Rafael , Luengo-Oroz Miguel , Rodriguez-Dominguez Mario
Published: October 2022

Background

Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are being widely used to manage COVID-19 pandemic. However, many results remain unreported or unconfirmed, altering a correct epidemiological surveillance.

Objective

Our aim was to evaluate an artificial intelligence–based smartphone app, connected to a cloud web platform, to automatically and objectively read RDT results and assess its impact on COVID-19 pandemic management.

Methods

Overall, 252 human sera were used to inoculate a total of 1165 RDTs for training and validation purposes. We then conducted two field studies to assess the performance on real-world scenarios by testing 172 antibody RDTs at two nursing homes and 96 antigen RDTs at one hospital emergency department.

Results

Field studies demonstrated high levels of sensitivity (100%) and specificity (94.4%, CI 92.8%-96.1%) for reading IgG band of COVID-19 antibody RDTs compared to visual readings from health workers. Sensitivity of detecting IgM test bands was 100%, and specificity was 95.8% (CI 94.3%-97.3%). All COVID-19 antigen RDTs were correctly read by the app.

Conclusions

The proposed reading system is automatic, reducing variability and uncertainty associated with RDTs interpretation and can be used to read different RDT brands. The web platform serves as a real-time epidemiological tracking tool and facilitates reporting of positive RDTs to relevant health authorities.
On the New Development of Chinese Folk Dance
Authors: Chen Hongye
Published: October 2022

Chinese folk dance originated from people’s working life and is a deduction of local people’s life, customs and spirit. It is created and performed independently by the people and gradually developed into a traditional culture with local characteristics. From the perspective of multi-culture, the traditional folk dance has been impacted to a certain extent, especially in the youth stage. In order to change this situation and promote the new development of folk dance, certain measures must be taken to inherit and carry forward the folk dance based on the actual situation. This paper discusses the origin and development of Chinese folk dance, briefly outlines the inheritance and development strategies of Chinese folk dance, and promotes the new development of Chinese folk dance based on protection.