bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical Properties of Substituted and Blended Cements
Authors: Kirgiz Mehmet Serkan
Published: August 2013

The aim of the experimental study is to determine chemical properties of substituted and blended cement contained marble and brick powders to provide efficacy for the economical and the environmental aspect. Marble and brick powders, CEM I 42.5N cement and clinker were used as materials in the study. Substituted cements were prepared with the addition of cement for marble or brick powder at the ratios of % 6, 20, 21, 35. Blended cements were mixed the addition of cement clinker for marble or brick powder at the ratios of % 6, 20, 21, 35. And CEM I 42.5N cements were also chosen as Reference cement. Results show that marble and brick powders can prevalently add as substitute or blend materials to cement to prevent it detrimental chemicals like alkali-silica reaction.
The Hydraulic Manifold Block Pore Checking CAD Explore
Authors: Zhang Jing Hang
Published: August 2013

This paper presents hydraulic manifold block in the check of different surface channel relative position relations, according to the manifold pores the characteristics, the same face pores, the pro face pores, the opposite faces pores is divided into the holes in three forms, analysis of the cylindrical duct end taper hole data on pore flow quality influence. The cylindrical and conical surface of actual contour curve projection and intersection check channel on-off relationship; focus on the analysis of the pore wall thickness, pore flow quality.
Parameter Optimization Design of a Novel Robot Shoulder Based on the Workspace
Authors: Cui Bing Yan , Jin Zhen Lin
Published: August 2013

A robot shoulder joint should have good kinematic performance and workspace, but the structural parameters of shoulder joint directly affect the workspace. In order to increase the workspace of shoulder joint, a novel robot shoulder joint based on 3-DOF orthogonal spherical parallel mechanism is proposed. This paper studied the influence on its workspace affected by the variation of structural parameters of the connecting rod, frame connecting rod, rod diameter of this shoulder joint mechanism. Based on the consideration of mechanical constraint, the objective function of the optimal structural parameters of the shoulder joint is established. Having the maximum the workspace, the structural parameters of shoulder joint are gained.
The Comparison and Analysis on the Approaches of Lubricant Oil-Thickness Testing
Authors: Ai Si Yuan
Published: August 2013

This paper describes the comparison on the approaches of bearing lubricant oil-thickness testing .The comparison and analysis involves in the areas of classification of methodsbackground theoryapplied range and experiment between refined optical method and new ultrasonic method. The result of optical method modify the result of ultrasonic method, which has a guidance on the development of testing lubricant oil-film thickness. It describes an ultrasonic array , based on the traditional single-element transducer. In this way, the two dimensional oil-thickness distributions can be extracted by data processing. The development of ultrasonic approach benefits the goal of monitoring bearing lubrication condition online , which demonstrates the potential value of the ultrasonic approach. The implications for improved measurement methods are then discussed.
Summary of Smart Grid
Authors: Ma You Jie , Wang Cai Ming , Zhou Xue Song
Published: August 2013

This paper describes the connotation and characteristics of the smart grid, detailed key technologies and features of the smart grid. Finally, discusses the opportunities and challenges facing in China in the development of smart grid.
Design for Urban Rail Transit Energy Efficiency Management System
Authors: Ye Jian Bin , Ding Zhi Yan , Zhu Qi
Published: August 2013

With the rapid development of Chinese economy and the speeding up urbanization, urban rail transit has entered a rapid development period, which results in more and more energy consumption. Meanwhile affected by energy source and environment factors, the state has implemented energy-saving emission reduction strategies in various fields, so energy efficient management for urban rail transit becomes more important. Based on the analysis of energy consumption problems in urban rail transit, the paper designs urban rail transit energy efficiency management system from the aspects of overall architecture, service architecture and application function, and provides technical support for the realization of the software system.
Study on Synthesis and Characterization of Styrene-Maleic Anhydride Random Copolymer by Xylene
Authors: Li Ting Ting , Zhang Zhi Ming , Li He Ti , Cao Jie
Published: August 2013

Radical copolymerization of styrene (St) and maleic anhydride (MA) were typically alternating copolymerization, which generated copolymer styrene-maleic anhydride (SMA). The copolymer was synthesized by solution polymerization method,with benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator and xylene as solvent, and using the yield of copolymer as evaluation criteria, the reaction conditions were researched. The maleic anhydride of molar fraction was 45% in the copolymer measured by chemical titration, combined with the theoretical that the synthesis of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer was confirmed to be the alternating copolymer. The structure and character of the copolymer was also confirmed by IR. The glass-transition temperature of the alternating copolymer was tested by DSC.
The Status-Quo and Prospect of the Self-Cleaning Glass
Authors: Gu Hua Liang , Chen Rui Feng , Xie Shu Jie
Published: August 2013

The application of the self-cleaning glass to the modern architectures is becoming increasingly wide due to the fact that it is a kind of ecological glass, with environmental protection and outstanding performance. In this paper, the status-quo of the self-cleaning glass, as well as its application and prospect in domestic and abroad are reviewed.
Syntheses, Characterization and Crystal Structure of Zn (II) Complex Constructed from Ferrocenedicarboxylic Acid
Authors: Lang Feng Rao , You Li Yan
Published: August 2013

The Zn (II) complex [Zn (O2CFcCO2)(H2O)2]H2O was synthesized with ferrocenedicarboxylic acid under mild conditions. Its crystal structure was characterized by elemental analysis, IR data and X-ray diffraction single crystal structure analyses. The Zn (II) coordination units are connected, forming one-dimensional chain. At the meanwhile, the luminescence properties and the electronic properties were determined.
Novel Copolymers of N-[(4-bromo-3,5- difluorine) phenyl] acryl- amide with Methyl Methacrylate: Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Properties
Authors: Yao Xin Ding , Fang Rui Na , Pang Hong Jian , Wang Zong Wu , Liu Guo Ji
Published: August 2013

Copolymers of N-[(4-bromo-3,5-difluorine) phenyacrylamide (BDPA), with methyl methacrylate (MMA) were synthesized in N,N-Dimethylformamide at 75±1°C using 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator with different monomer-to-monomer ratios in the feed. The copolymers were characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR spectra. The glass transition temperature of the copolymers decreases with increase in BDPA content. The thermogravimetric analysis of the polymers showed that the thermal stability of the copolymer decreases with BDPA content.
Physical and Electrochemical Properties of Lithium Iron Phosphate Synthesized by Gel-Solid State Reduction Method
Authors: Xie Hui , Liu Jian Zhuang
Published: August 2013

A lithium iron phosphate composite LiFePO4/C as cathode material for lithium ion battery was synthesized by sol-gel and high temperature solid state reduction method. The crystalline structure, morphology of particles and electrochemical performances of the sample were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and charge-discharge test. Crystal structure and electrochemical performances of the composite relates to the heat treatment temperature. The composite synthesized under 700°C is simple pure olive-type phase structure with relative uniformly distribution of particle size. Also high charge-discharge capacity and efficiency, good cycle ability and high rate capability were observed in electrochemical tests for the composite. However, the capacity loss under high temperature, which may be the main content of further study.
Research on Appropriate Additives of Recycling Ladle Lining Materials for Al2O3-SiC-C Iron Runner Castable
Authors: Wang Li Ren , Wang Rong Lin , Zhao Dong Mei , Cui Yi , Bu Jing Long
Published: August 2013

In this experiment, preparation of samples were based on original ratio of bauxite matrix Al2O3-SiC-C castable for iron runner, and partial bauxites of size 8-5 mm, 5-3 mm, 3-0 mm and <0.074 mm were replaced by the same size granular recycling Al2O3-MgO-C materials from spent ladle bricks, respectively. Si3N4 and B4C were introduced as appropriate additives. Effects of their amount on the performance of Al2O3-SiC-C castable for iron runner were investigated by testing on physical properties and erosion resistance of the samples after sintering. The results showed that the introduction of Si3N4 and B4C led to high temperature flexural strength of the recycled castable samples decline, while the right amount could improve the room temperature flexural and pressure strength along with the erosion resistance to blast furnace slag. When introduced 3% of Si3N4and 0.3% of B4C respectively, the comprehensive performance of the samples were the best.
High Temperature Proton Conductors and its Preparation
Authors: Zhao Hai Yan , Bi Chun Bo , Li Ying , Zhu Xiu Dong
Published: August 2013

The definition and structure of high temperature proton conductors is reviewed. Discusses the high temperature proton conductors of commonly used several preparation methods.
Elution Efficiency of Herbicides Polluted Soil Samples
Authors: Chen Lan , Quan Yu Heng , Li Zhi Yong , Song Yan
Published: August 2013

Simulated soil samples, quartz sands contaminated with 2,4-D, MCPA and dicamba, are separated using the method of ethanol elusion. The experimental results show that the elution temperature, the elution method and the purity of the eluting agent have obvious influence on separation efficiency. In addition, the elution velocity and the pollutant loading of soil have less effect. The impacts of these factors on the separation efficiency of 2,4-D is higher than that of MCPA and dicamba. With the increment of temperature, the separation efficiencies of three herbicides increase rapidly when the elution temperature is below 293 K, while the separation efficiencies increase slowly when the elution temperature is above 293 K. With the reduction of purity of elution agent, the downtrend of separation efficiency in the range of 95~90% or 90~85% is steeper than that of 100~95%. Compared with oft-repeated stationary method, continuous flowing method shows the advantages for three pollutants.
Effect of Different Parameters on Particle Diameters of Magnesium Salt Flame Retardants
Authors: Zhang Xu , Li Dan , Xie Hua
Published: August 2013

The impact of the reaction temperature, ammonia concentration, aging time and molar ratio on the particle diameters of magnesium salt flame retardants have been systematically investigated through preparing magnesium salt powders under different conditions. Particle diameters are characterized by laser particle size analyzer, and the effect of different factors on the particle diameters is discussed, respectively. On the basis of the analysis, optimization parameters for synthesizing magnesium salts with the minimum particle diameters are found, which may be very helpful to the development of magnesium salt flame retardants
Effects of Functionalization MWCNTs on the Mechanical and Electrical Properties of nylon-6 Composites
Authors: Zhu Xiang Dong , Jiao Qing Jie , Zang Chong Guang , Cao Xian Peng
Published: August 2013

Chemically coupling functionalization multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs)/nylon-6 (PA6) composites were prepared. The nanotubes were first treated by a volume ratio of 3:1 mixture of concentrated H2SO4/HNO3, and then the γ-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (KH-550) was carried onto the surface of MWCNTs. Effect of MWCNTs coupling treatment on the mechanical and electrical properties of the MWCNTs/PA6 composites were investigated. The impact strength, tensile strength and modulus of p-MWCNTs (coupling process)/PA6 composites increase by 115.9%, 27.2% and 167.7%, respectively, compared with those of the pure nylon-6 resin. A significant increase of the electrical conductivity of the p-MWCNTs/PA6 composites with respect to the original-MWCNTs and a-MWCNTs/PA6 composites due to the increased compatibility with the matrix due to the formation of an inter face with stronger interconnections.
Kinetics Study on Catalytic Hydrolysis of CCl2F2 over Solid Acid MoO3/ZrO2
Authors: Liu Tian Cheng , Guo Yu Jiao , Ning Ping , Ji Si Ping , Li Bin , Yang Zhi , Wang Hong Bin
Published: August 2013

Catalytic hydrolysis decomposition of dichlorodifluoromethane (CCl2F2) in the presence of water vapor and oxygen was studied over solid acid MoO3/ZrO2 using a fixed-bed reactor. The adsorption velocity equation was calculated by Bangham Equation. Reaction energy was determined by Arrhenius Equation and it was 123.12 KJ.mol-1.
Study on the Adsorption Characteristic of Steel-Making Slag Haydite for Phosphorus
Authors: Liu Xiao , Li Xue Lian , Cao Guo Ping , Han Shi Qi
Published: August 2013

Steel-making slag haydite was prepared with steel slag and clay. Bath sorption experiments were carried out to study the adsorption characteristic of steel-making slag haydite for phosphorus (P). The results show that the adsorption process of steel slag haydite for P conforms to pseudo-second-order kinetic equation, and the activated energy was 41.52KJ/mol. Isothermal adsorption process conforms to the Laguir equation , and at 20°C ~ 40°C, the maximum P uptake value increased from 1.166 mg/g to 2.422 mg/g. Both kinetic and thermodynamic studies indicate that chemical adsorption is the dominant mechanism for P removal which would be promoted by heating-up, and the reaction is heat-absorbed, thermal charge-increasing and spontaneous.
Acceleration of the Degradation of Leachate with Introduced Microbes in Bioreactor Sanitary Landfill
Authors: Liu Yang , Qiu Zhong Ping , Wang Gui Chen
Published: August 2013

Urbanization, economic growth, and the continuing improvement in living standards have all contributed to the increase of municipal solid waste. More effective technology is needed to improve the conditional landfill of municipal solid waste. Multifunctional microbe community introduced in bioreactor landfill accelerates the degradation of leachate of MSW( Municipal Solid Waste). The results show that introduced microbes shorten the acid formation phase effectively, 208 days earlier than contrast group; introduced microbes accelerated the degradation of leachate. Concentration of COD of leachate decreases significantly and remains 3000 mg/L after 505th day, 187 days earlier than contrast group. Concentration of ammonia nitrogen of leachate decomposes more rapidly (63 days earlier) and finally reaches 0.025 g/L at 700th day that meets the national pollution - control requirements of MSW (GB 16889-2008).
Thermal Treatment of Coal-Gangue Activation and Influential Factors
Authors: Zhu Xiu Dong , Chen Shuang , Chen Bo Wen , Gao Shui Jing
Published: August 2013

In this paper, the chemical-thermal composite of coal gangue activation and influence factors is studied. Using adopting Al3+ dissolution rate as an evaluation index to determine the activation conditions, XRD is used to determine the crystal structure and SEM scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for crystal morphology. The results shows that the best activation conditions of calcination for coal gangue activation time is1.5h, under the condition of calcination temperature 650°C, water cooling, the Al3+ dissolution rate can reach 70.14%.After activation of coal gangue, the kaolinite convert directly into cetakaolinite, its active composition SiO2 and Al2O3 present loose shape, good activation, can be used as an adsorbent and catalyst materials.
Biodegradability of Poly (butylene succinate) under Enzymatic Degradation
Authors: Sun Bing Xin , Chuai Cheng Zhi , Luo Si , Guo Ying , Feng Xu Qiao
Published: August 2013

To investigate the biodegradability of PBS, films made of PBS were subjected to enzymatic degradation. The declining thermal stability and XRD diagrams showed that the crystallinity of PBS was reduced after degradation. SEM results confirmed that the mode of enzymatic degradation was surface corrosion. In addition, the weight loss of the material did not experience the so-called acclimation period, but showed a typical linear growth process.
PVP-Assisted Synthesis and Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Ag/Ag3PO4 Composites
Authors: Jiang De Li , Chen Min , Xie Ji Min
Published: August 2013

In the present work, a highly active visible-light-driven Ag/Ag3PO4 photocatalyst was synthesized through a simple poly (vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP)-assisted precipitation method. It was found that the photodegradation activity of RhB over Ag/ Ag3PO4 is superior to pure Ag3PO4 due to the combination of Ag nanoparticles. Study of the photocatalytic mechanism revealed that the degradation of RhB under visible light irradiation over the as-prepared Ag/Ag3PO4 is mainly via the direct hole oxidation mechanism. The Ag/Ag3PO4 photocatalyst keeps a high level of activity even though it is used for five times.
Application of Biochar for Phosphate Adsorption and Recovery from Wastewater
Authors: Zhang Tao , Fang Ci , Li Ping , Jiang Rong Feng , Nie Hai Yu
Published: August 2013

Biochar is environmental friendly materials that can be used for environmental protection. In the research, the application of biochar for phosphate adsorption and recovery from wastewater was examined. The material surface characterization analysis, include Transmission Electron Microscope with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, was performed to characterize the prepared biochar. The application analysis, include optimal solution pH and interfering ions effect, was performed for phosphate adsorption and recovery from wastewater. The research conclusions were drawn as follow: (1) material surface characterization demonstrated the prepared biochar was coarse, unshaped, irregular, and contained a great deal of carbon; (2) application analysis indicated biochar adsorption amount for phosphate was decrease with an increase in solution pH, and biochar adsorption amount for phosphate was also decrease with an increase in interfering ions concentration.
Light-Weight and High Thermal Insulating EPDM Composites Modified with Pretreated Hollow Phenolic Micro-Spheres
Authors: Zeng Zi Gao , Jia Xiao Long , Yang Xiao Ping , Zheng Jun Yi , Li Wu Sheng
Published: August 2013

High performance thermal insulating ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) composites were obtained with the addition of hollow phenolic micro-sphere. The effects of the pretreatment and content of micro-sphere on various properties of EPDM composites were evaluated. Experimental results showed that thermal conductivity and specific gravity of EPDM composites significantly decreased, which was due to the intact and uniform dispersion of pretreated micro-sphere throughout the EPDM matrix. With the content increasing of pretreated micro-sphere, the specific gravity of EPDM composites linearly decreased while the thermal stability increased. Specifically, EPDM composites showed the three-layer structure after ablation and the addition of pretreated micro-sphere distinctively enhanced thermal insulating properties of EPDM composites, which was attributed to multi-type heat conductivity resulted from hollow micro-spheres. Hollow phenolic micro-sphere exhibited great potential in preparing new generation of light-weight and high thermal insulating materials.
Orthogonal Optimization of Preparation of Aquasorb with Naked Oats Straw Fiber and Performance Research
Authors: Wang Yong Li , Wang Li Hua , Wang Fang Fang , Zhao Xiao Sheng
Published: August 2013

Aquasorb was prepared with naked oats straw and acrylic acid by graft copolymerization. Adopting orthogonal optimization design to determine the optimal levels of each factor of synthesis conditions, and carried on the various performance was detected. When prepared under the conditions that reaction temperature 70 °C, monomer concentration 12%, the dosage of initiator 1.50%, the amount of cross linking agent 0.15%, neutralization degree 80%, reaction time 3 h, monomer and straw mass ratio 10:1, rotate speed 600 r/min, the water absorbency of the aquasorb was 1012 g/g in deionized water, and 120 g/g in 0.9% NaCl solution. The aquasorb prepared under this condition expressed excellent salt resistance, water holding capacity, acid and alkali resistance.
Selective Breeding of Oxygen-Tolerant and Oxalate-Degrading Lactic Acid Bacteria by Protoplast Fusion
Authors: Chen Sheng , Li Yu , Jin Wen Bin , Chen Yan , Liu Xiao Guang , Lu Fu Ping
Published: August 2013

Biﬁdobacterium lactis with oxalate-degrading capacity can efficiently reduce the oxalate in vivo, and it can be used to prevent and treat kidney stone diseases. While Biﬁdobacterium lactis is poorly oxygen-tolerant, which hinders it from being as microbial ecological agents. To obtain oxygen-tolerant and oxalate-degrading lactic acid bacteria, protoplast fusion technology was used between B. lactis and L. acidophilus. Under the optimum conditions of protoplast fusion with PEG 6000 concentration 50%, the fusion time 7 min, the fusion temperature 30°C, the concentration of CaCl2 0. 02mol/ L and the concentration of MgCl2 0.5mol/ L, the fusion rate reached 7.6%, and three oxygen-tolerant fusant showing that the level of oxalate degradation were similar with B. lactis was obtained. The fusants of SZY1-7 and SZY2-1 could tolerance to pH 2.5 and 0.5% (w/v) bile salt.
Improvement of Impaired Memory in Mice by Schisandrin
Authors: Wang Yan Chun , Ren Kuang , Shen Nan , Huang Xiao Dong , Fan Hong Yan
Published: August 2013

We assessed the effectiveness and mechanism of action of schisandrin on modulation of learning and memory disorders in mice. Memory impairment was established in mice by intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital sodium (20 mg/kg). Schisandrin (0.5, 1.0, 2.0g/kg) were administered by intragavage once daily for 14 consecutive days. The Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the ability of schisandrin to reduce phenobarbital-induced learning and memory impairment. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) nitric oxide (NO) and catalase (CAT) were measured in brain tissue samples taken from the mice. Other biomarkers measured included expression of nuclear transcription factor-kappa-B (NF-κB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus CA1 region, which were determined by immunohistochemical analysis. On the fifth day of treatment, the mice in the pentobarbital sodium group performed worse on the Morris water maze test compared to untreated controls (P<0.01), which could be prolonged after schisandrin treatment (P<0.05 for="" low="" and="" intermediate="" dose="" groups="" analysis="" of="" brain="" tissues="" showed="" that="" compared="" with="" the="" control="" group="" no="" levels="" were="" increased="" sod="" cat="" activity="" decreased="" in="" pentobarbital="" sodium="" i="">P<0.01). After treatment with schisandrin, the NO levels were significantly decreased (P<0.01), while SOD and CAT activity increased (P<0.01). Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that, in phenobarbital only group, the protein expression of BDNF decreased, NF-κB increased compared to untreated controls, and schisandrin could reverse this trend (P<0.05 and="" i="">P<0.01, respectively). The results suggest that schisandrin is effective in improving the learning and memory deficiency induced by pentobarbital sodium, the mechanism of which may be related modulation of cellular response to oxidative stress.
Novel Microwave Carbonization System for Coconut Shells
Authors: Payakkawan Poomyos , Areejit Suwilai , Sooraksa Pitikhate
Published: August 2013

This paper presented a novel heating technique of biomass carbonization system using microwave radiation. The heating system employs multi-feed microwave generators for uniform heating distribution without stirrer mechanism in a 0.847 m3 cylindrical low cement castable reactor. The experiment entailed the carbonization of 3,500 kg of coconut shell at 450°C for 10 hr. Afterward, the charcoal and wood vinegar yields were analyzed; meanwhile, uncondensed gases were treated to fuel the engine-generator system. The results show that the proposed approach greatly saves the production time of charcoal yields and allows ease of control.
Solid-Liquid Extraction Kinetics of Flavonoids from Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus l. Moench) Pods with Applicability Analysis
Authors: Zhou Cun Shan , Yu Xiao Jie , Ma Hai Le , Zhang Zhen , Lin Lin , Yagoub Abu El-Gasim A. , Xu Wan Zhen
Published: August 2013

Liquid-solid extraction kinetics performance of flavonoids from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) pods was studied. The effects of temperature and solid to liquid ratio on the extraction kinetics of flavonoids were examined. The experimental extraction kinetics was established and analyzed with a mathematical model derived from Ficks second law following the first-order equation. Results explained that the mean relative error (MRE) values for temperature and liquid-solid ratio were low (3.84% and 4.70%, respectively). The model quality was determined by statistical comparison of the predicted and observed values. A good prediction (MRE < 5%) and concordance (the coefficient of determination, R2 > 0.995) of the extraction model on experimental data and calculated values was observed. Hence, the initial rate, degree of extraction, rate constant and activation energy for the extraction model of flavonoids were estimated.
Effects of Zein on Film-Forming Ability and Properties of Wheat Gluten Films
Authors: Zhang Chun Hong , Chang Nan , Li Chen , Li Xin Hua
Published: August 2013

Zein was added into wheat gluten (WG) to prepare zein composite films (ZCF) in order to improve the properties of films. The film-forming ability, properties, surface microstructure and infrared spectrum of WG films and ZCF were investigated. The results show that the viscosity of film-forming solutions decrease, and uniformity become worse slightly, after zein added. ZCF are yellow, with metal luster, whose toughness and water retention increase. Compared to the control, the ZCF tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EB) and resistance of oxygen are increased by 33.2%, 17.2% and 11.25%, and water vapor permeability (WVP) and transparency are decreased by 26.0% and 75.4% respectively. ZCF have better antibacterial properties than WG films. The inhibition effect on escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus are increased by 36.36% and 32.89% respectively. Hydrogen bond interaction of ZCF become weak, and the surface of ZCF become smooth and evenly.
Determination of Polyphenols in Lycopus lucidus Turcz by Capillary Electrophoresis with Electrochemical Detection
Authors: Peng You Yuan
Published: August 2013

A method based on capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection was developed for the determination of polyphenols in Lycopus Lucidus Turcz. Operated in a wall-jet configuration, a 300 μm diameter carbon-disk electrode was used as the working electrode. Under the optimum conditions, the targeted analytes, i.e. rutin, chlorogenic acid, apigenin, luteolin and quercetin were baseline separated within 25 min in a 60mmol/L borate buffer (pH 9.0). Notably, excellent linearity was obtained over three orders of magnitude with detection limits (S/N=3) ranging from 1×10-7 g/mL to 1×10-6 g/mL for all analytes.
A Modified Hydrothermal Synthesis and Luminescence of Hydroxyapatite Doped with Ce3+ and Tb3+ Ions
Authors: Wang Si Hua , Liu Zhi Gang , Wang Qiao , Yang Li Rong , Li Feng Feng , Yu Shou Wu , Liu Xiao Qing , Zhou Peng , Feng Xiao Xin
Published: August 2013

Luminescent Ln3+ (Ce3+, Tb3+) doped hydroxyapatite (HAp: Ce, Tb) phosphors were successfully fabricated via the modified hydrothermal process. The structure, morphology, and luminescent properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and photoluminescence (PL) spectra respectively. The XRD results reveal that the obtained HAp: Ce, Tb phosphors show the characteristic peaks of hydroxyapatite in a hexagonal lattice structure and the import of Ce3+and Tb3+ causes small change in the crystalline structure and leads to the peaks shifting and declining. It is observed that the as-prepared luminescent samples exhibit nearly equiaxial morphology of dispersed particles about 50-150 nm in size. Under 254 nm UV radiation excitation, the phosphors demonstrate the characteristic 5D47F36 emission lines of Tb3+and the excitation of Tb3+ is mainly caused by the energy transfer from Ce3+. PL intensity of Tb3+ doped HAp remarkably strengthened with increment of Ce3+ concentration and reached the maximum at the concentration of 4 mol%.
Viscosity of Gelatin Solution Containing Cationic Crosslinker
Authors: Meng Xiang Jian , Cui Yue Zhi , Qiao Cong De , Li Tian Duo , Xu Jing
Published: August 2013

Gelatin, as an amphoteric polyelectrolyte, can combine with cationic or anionic organic compounds by ionic bond. In this work, two binary quaternary ammonium salts have been prepared from 1,2-ethanediamine and 1,4-butanediamine. The viscosity of aqueous gelatin solution containing these two organic salts is studied systematically, which verifies the occurrence of the crosslinking between the gelatin and the binary quaternary ammonium salts. This crosslinking improves the thermal stability of the dried gelatin.
Adsorption Property of MgAl-NO3 Layered Double Hydroxides to Methyl Orange
Authors: Yan Jian Hui , Zhang Lu Hong , Tang You Gen , Zhang Li
Published: August 2013

MgAl-NO3 LDHs were prepared by hydrothermal method. The as-prepared samples were characterized by SEM, XRD and FT-IR. The adsorption performance of MgAl-NO3 LDHs to methyl orange (MO) was studied. The effects of Mg/Al molar ratio on the adsorption performance of MgAl-NO3 LDHs were investigated. The results showed that the highest adsorption capacity of 499.98mg/g was obtained when the Mg/Al molar ratio was at 2.5:1.
Study on the Control of Super-Fine Aluminum Hydroxide Particle Size from Sodium Aluminate Solutions
Authors: Qian Cheng , Liu Xing Yong , Hao Shi Xiong , Tang Ting Ting , Lan Ya Jing , Luo Shuang
Published: August 2013

The super-fine aluminum hydroxide was prepared by crystal seed precipitation from sodium aluminate solutions in this study. The influence of NaOH concentration, [NaO/[Al (OH)3] molar ratio, precipitation temperature, and precipitation time on the particle size of super-fine aluminum hydroxide was investigated. The results show that the optimum conditions were: NaOH concentration be 180 g/L, [NaO/[Al (OH)3] molar ratio be 1.15, precipitation temperature be 40°C, and precipitation time be 26 h.
Synthesis of Monolithic Macroporous Carbon Xerogels from Phenol, m-Cresol, Furfural and Phosphoric Acid by Sol-Gel Approach
Authors: Zhang Rui , Hu Zi Jun , Jin Shuang Ling , Shao Xia , Jin Ming Lin
Published: August 2013

Mixtures of phenol and m-cresol in 1-propanol were first reacted with phosphoric acid and then with furfural to form gels, which were dried under ambient pressure and pyrolyzed under nitrogen atmosphere to form monolithic macroporous carbon xerogels. The molar ratio of m-cresol to phenol (m-C/P), phenol and m-cresol to furfural ((m-C+P)/F), phenol and m-cresol to phosphoric acid ((m-C+P)/H3PO4) was fixed at 1:5, 1:2 and 4.0 respectively while the m-C+P+F in 1-propanol was changed from 18 to 30 g/100ml to investigate the effect of the m-C+P+F concentrations on the porous properties of the monolithic carbon xerogels. It is found that the surface areas of the monolithic carbon xerogels are mainly contributed by micropores and their mesopore volumes are negligible. The monolithic carbon xerogels are rich in macropores whose sizes decrease from 4 to 0.22μm with increasing m-C+P+F concentrations. Moreover, the yields of the monolithic carbon xerogels are around 60%, which is higher than previous ones without phosphoric acid.
Determination of Inductive Ignition Period and Activation Energy of Food Dust
Authors: Turekova Ivana , Szabova Zuzana , Kasalova Ivana , Chrebet Tomáš
Published: August 2013

Activation energy is the minimum energy that must have molecules that on their mutual collision has occurred chemical reaction. Activation energy can be calculated by quantum-mechanical relations for the binding energy, or the experimentally determined from the temperature dependence of the rate constant. Paper deals with the calculation of the activation energy using the results of experimental determination of ignition temperatures of food dust.
Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation of Surfactant-Mediated Thin Film Growth
Authors: Zheng Xiao Ping , Zhang Pei Feng , Wang Pei Yu
Published: August 2013

A novel model consisting of basic micro-processes has been developed on the basis of the classic diffusion theory. It is first time that the concept of exchange rate has introduced，and the growing process of surfactant-mediated epitaxial thin-film growth has been simulated with Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) technique. The results of simulation found that the exchange reaction of RLA model is a combination of the basic micro-processes. The majorities of exchange are not complete position exchange and the exchange rate doesn’t always equal one. Both surfactant atoms and adatoms would diffuse from one layer to another. The diffusion happens mostly between single atoms and the diffusing atoms increase with substrate temperature.
Temperature-Graded Ferroelectric Thin Films under Two Boundary Conditions
Authors: Chen Hui , Bi Xin Yue , Zhang Li Jia , Shen Yan
Published: August 2013

In the framework of the mean field approximation, a transverse Ising model (TIM) was adopted to analyze the polarization properties of temperature-graded ferroelectric films under two boundary conditions, free boundary condition (FBC) and clamped boundary condition (CBC). Due to the ferroelectric distortion aroused by temperature gradient across the film, the elastic thermal stress increased. A distribution function was introduced to characterize the different boundary conditions. The results show that boundary conditions have very important influence on film properties. Polarizations under FBC are larger than that under CBC, polarization variations aroused by changed film thickness and temperature gradient under FBC are not as obvious as that under CBC, and films under different boundary conditions present obviously different physical behavior.
Morphology and Properties of a Series of PVDF Blend Membranes
Authors: Dong Jiao Jiao , Zhang Yu Feng , Liu Dong Qing
Published: August 2013

In this article, a series of the PVDF/PPTA blend membranes with porous structure and excellent performance were successfully prepared by the phase transformation method. The effect of the mass ratio of W(PVDF)/W(PPTA) was systematically investigated.The morphology of the blend membranes were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The permeation performance was characterized by measuring pure water flux. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties of membranes were researched. The experiment results confirmed that the blending ratio is a major factor to influence the structure and performance of PVDF/PPTA blend membrane. The blend membranes possess much better permeability than pure PVDF membrane and fairly good the mechanical properties especially for the membrane made by PVDF : PPTA=6 : 1.
Study on the Key Technology of Membrane Roof Structure of Expo Axis in 2010 Shanghai World Expo
Authors: Song Hao , Zhu Hong Bo
Published: August 2013

The large scale cable-membrane structure is widely used in the Expo Axis. The structure is composed of continuous triangle shaped membrane unit. The representative local part of membrane structure is selected to carry out double-layer membrane strength experiment and reduced-scale experiment to test its mechanical performance and strength index during tension. The results show that the bearing capacity of double-layer membrane structure is more than 1.8 times of single-layer membrane. Material strength and joint strength are all in agreement with the design. Through the analysis of membrane shape decision and membrane processing key technology, it is concluded that form-finding must be considered in membrane self-weight, and the reinforcement membrane and ontology membrane should be at the same direction.
Research on Electroless Plating of Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate) Films by a New Palladiumfree Activation Process
Authors: Wu Chun , Ma Wen Xin , Chen Ya Ping , Li Yin , Chen Yan
Published: August 2013

In this essay the authors are seeking to examine a chemical surface activation process for NiP electroless plating of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films without using palladium catalyst, during which the nickel particles have been chelated with the C=O and COH groups of the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) on the PET film that are acting as a catalyst center for the electroless plating.
The Microstructure Inhomogeneity of the Laser Surface Hardened Layers
Authors: Lei Sheng , Miao Xian Wen , Liu Xian Jing , Huang Lei , Wu Yue Bo
Published: August 2013

Much attention has recently been focused on the microstructure inhomogeneity problems of the laser surface hardened layers.The GCr15 steel specimens were treated through laser transformation hardening technology. Rapid heating of austenite transformation and microstructure inhomogeneity was studied.The nouniform austenitic formation and the microstructure inhomogeneity problems is caused by uneven temperature field. The input power fluctuations and laser beam model also affect the quality of the laser quenching. Hardness value fluctuation is due to the uneven microstructure of the laser hardened layer. The results show that the grain size of laser hardening area and the distribution of carbides is not uniform. In the rapid heating cases, the atomic difusion process of carbon and alloy elements is not sufficiently, this causes no uniformity of the distribution of carbon and alloy composition .
Numerical Simulation for the Thermo-Mechanical Coupling of Tubular Braided Carbon/Carbon Composites
Authors: Liu Guo Yong , Wei Gao Feng
Published: August 2013

In this paper a three-dimensional tubular braided carbon/carbon composite model is presented, the calculated formula of the fiber volume fraction is deduced and the related performance parameters are calculated. Comparisons of displacements and stresses for the thermo-mechanical coupling are analyzed. The simulation results can help designers to analyze material property.
Microstructure and Erosion Resistance of Hot-Dip-Aluminized 3Cr13 Steel
Authors: Zhao Zhi Gang , Ji Xiu Lin , Wang Hai Shuai , Wang Shu Qi
Published: August 2013

Fe-Al intermetallic coating was prepared on 3Cr13 steel by hot-dip aluminizing and diffusion process. The morphology and phase of the coating were analyzed; the erosion behavior of hot-dip-aluminized 3Cr13 steel was investigated. Results showed that the thickness of the coating increased with diffusion temperature, but decreased when diffusion temperature exceeded 800°C. The Fe-Al alloy layer diffused at 900°C presented compacted microstructure, and mainly contained FeAl and a few Fe3Al. Fe-Al intermetallic coating possessed obviously declined erosion loss compared with unaluminized 3Cr13 steel and represented typical erosion characteristics of ductile material.
Effect of Molybdate Bath Service Life on Corrosion Resistance of Conversion Coating Deposited on Hot Dip Galvanized Steel
Authors: Zhou Wan Qiu , Sheng Li , Xin Shi Gang , Wang Jian , Kang Yan Hong , Wu Shi Wei
Published: August 2013

A conversion coating was obtained in the molybdate based bath on hot dip galvanized steel. The influence of the bath service life and bath component variation on the corrosion resistance of the conversion coating were investigated. Corrosion resistance of the coating was evaluated by electrochemical technique in 3.5%NaCl. It is found that the anodic branch of polarization curves presented in passivation character. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results confirm that the radius of the capacity impedance for molybdate film decreased with treating area, which reveals that the bath life and bath component variation affected anti-corrosion performance of the coating remarkablely. The bath constituent was analysed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP), and the results show that the bath will lose the passivation ability after treating 1.16m2 sample area for new prepared treating solution of 500ml. The surface morphologies of the coatings were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the element composition of the coatings was detected using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The investigation results indicate that uniform and compact film is formed on the surface of the galvanized steel, and the film is composed of zinc,oxygen, phosphor and molybdenum.
Corrosion Protection of Molybdenum-Phosphorus Compounds Based Coating Formed on Hot Dip Galvanized Steel in a Cl- Ione Environment
Authors: Zhou Wan Qiu , Liu Yan Rong , Wang Jian , Sheng Li , Wu Shi Wei , Kang Yan Hong
Published: August 2013

Molybdate-phosphate conversion coating was prepared by adding addition agent towards molybdenum-phosphorus compounds based bath on comercial hot dip galvanized steel. The anti-corrosion performance of the coating was evaluated by electrochemical technique in 3.5%NaCl. It is found that the anodic branch of polarization curves presented in passivation character. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results indicate that the radius of the capacity impedance for molybdate-phosphate film increased distinctly with pH decrease, which validate the excellent anti-corrosion performance of the film. The surface morphologies were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the results show that the surface of hot dip galvanized steel is covered by a spiculate and floccule shape conversion coating. The chemical composition of the surface coating was investigated by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), which illustrate that the conversion coating is composed of zinc,oxygen, phosphor and molybdenum.
Effect of Ni on the Properties of a Laser Surface-Clad Fe-Based Alloy
Authors: Yang Xiu Ying
Published: August 2013

Two Fe-based alloys , Fe-15Cr-5Ni and Fe-16Cr-7Ni (wt. %), with a small variation in the Ni content were fabricated on a martensitic stainless steel 1Cr13 substrate by laser surface cladding (LSC) using a CO2 laser and Ar shielding gas that was blown into a moten pool. Both LSC alloys exhibited typical rapid directional solidification structures. However, 2 wt% Ni increase led to ~9% increase in the weight fraction of austenite, and ~5% increase in the area proportion of interdendritic regions which contained the higher Cr contents. These microstructural changes caused a great reduction in the microhardness and great improvements in the resistance to electrochemical corrosion in 0.5M H2SO4 solution. The reasons for these differences are discussed in detail.
A Newly Developed Self-Bonded SiC Refractory
Authors: Wan Long Gang , Huang Zhi Gang , Song Shao Rong , Wang Jia Ping , Li Jie
Published: August 2013

Based on SiC aggregate, SiC powder and ultra-fine SiC powder as the main starting materials and B4C as additive, the newly-developed self-bonded SiC material was pressed and fired at 2200°C for 10 hours in Ar environment in the high-temperature furnace. The phase composition and microstructure were investigated. In the paper, traditional self-bonded SiC material and Si3N4-bonded SiC material were taken for comparison with the newly-developed self-bonded SiC material in terms of strength, thermal conductivity, cryolite resistance, molten alkali resistance and oxidation resistance etc. The results show that the newly-developed self-bonded SiC material contains 98.42% α-SiC and presents obvious higher thermal conductivity than traditional self-bonded SiC material and much better cryolite resistance, molten alkali resistance and oxidation resistance than traditional self-bonded SiC and Si3N4-bonded SiC materials.
Correlative Study of the Fabric Properties and the Shrinkage of Gather
Authors: Li Zhe
Published: August 2013

Gather is one form of pleat, and it is a typical form in decoration of apparel. Gather has certain shrinkage degree and shrinkage is relevant with the fabric property. In order to design perfect form of gather, the relationship between all fabric properties (thickness, drape coefficient, surface density, flexural rigidity, and density) and shrinkage should be worked out. In this paper, the fabric properties and shrinkage were obtained via experiments. And then, the data was analyzed by SPSS statistical software to get the mathematical relation between the fabric properties and shrinkage. The mathematical model of calculating shrinkage using surface density was deduced and validated through practical application.
The Research on the Friction and Wear Behavior of FKM/NBR Blends under Water Lubrication
Authors: Zhang Yu Zeng , Yan Ming Yin , Wang Shi Jie , Lv Xiao Ren
Published: August 2013

In this paper, the friction and wear behavior of FKM, NBR and FKM/NBR blends with the same Shore hardness was investigated in the MPV - 600 wear tester under water lubrication based on the actual working parameters of the screw pump. Wear mechanism of FKM/NBR blends with different load was also analyzed according to their wear loss and frictional coefficient. The results showed that the wear resistance of NBR was improved by the addition FKM. FKM/NBR blend with ratio of 2:8 owned the optimal wear resistance, which was close to that of FKM. The wear of FKM and FKM/NBR blend with ratio of 2:8 was controlled by fatigue wear, and the others were mainly controlled by abrasive wear.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of WO3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Feng Li Jin , Ma Rong , Li Xiu Hua , Song Xu Chun
Published: August 2013

In the present paper, the WO3 nanoparticles were fabricated via a hydrothermal treatment. The products are characterized in detail by multiform techniques: transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction. The results show that products are WO3 nanoparticles with diameter of about 100-150 nm. Electrochemistry properties of the prepared WO3 nanoparticles was characterized by cyclic voltammetry. Cyclic voltammetry results indicate that WO3 nanoparticles exhibits a remarkable electrochemical activity for hydrogen intercalation. The reason for electrochemical activity of WO3 nanoparticles is attributed to the formation of HxWO3 by hydrogen intercalation/de-intercalation into/out of the tungsten oxide.
Theoretical Model Research of Metal Rubber Material
Authors: Yang Ye , Tian Jing Yi , Zhang Si , Zhang Chun Guang
Published: August 2013

Metal rubber is a kind of pure metal structure of the porous material. The paper, starting from the internal structure of metal rubber, based on the theory of porous, based on dry friction nonlinear theory, establishing the unit model of porous metal rubber material, for the development of product design and application of the metal rubber material to provide a theoretical basis.