bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
R. Walther darre, Breeding a New Nobility
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

Now let us get back to human beings! At the outset we said that breeding is a technique which tries in a considered way to produce offspring whose quality is at least not inferior to that ofits parents, and where possible offers the prospect of an improvement in its hereditary characteristics over time. The crucial point here is the phrase ‘in a considered way’. It means that the breeder should be clear what the breeding is designed to achieve. Thus a ‘breeding objective’ must be set. For breeding without a goal would be a contradiction in terms, quite simply because in every case breeding involves attaching value to given hereditary traits in the light ofa future objective.
German Fascism in Power 1933-1945
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

The seven extracts in Section Bi capture some of the sense of relief and of expectancy that convinced Nazis experienced on Hitlers seizure of power. This heady palingenetic fervour was also shared by those former cultural pessimists or German fascists who now persuaded themselves that Nazism would stop the rot as it promised, or was an effective and unique vehicle for the realization of their vision of a reborn Germany.
Hermann Goering, The Third Reich As Saviour Of The West
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

The last election campaign in Germany coincided with Germany’s withdrawal from the League ofNations.23 This time there were not countless domestic forces confronting each other, but a truly united nation had closed ranks to defend itself, committed to assert its rights in a concerted fight for Germany’s honour against foreign countries which had hostile intentions towards her. The German people showed the world that it had every intention to work honestly and with all its might for every policy which served the true cause of peace. On the other hand it also showed the world that if other countries want to deal with Germany they must first accord her the same respect, the same rights, and the same honour as they claim for themselves. The German people, almost to a man and to a woman, stood united behind its Fuhrer and his policy of honour and peace. Germany will continue in the future to avoid harming the interests of any other country. Germany renounces foreign conquests. Germany wishes to take nothing away from other countries, but the same Germany refuses to allow anything to be taken away from her, or harm her interests.
Carl Schmitt, The Legal Basis Of The Total State
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

National Socialism does not think in abstractions and cliches. It is the enemy of all normative and functionalist ways of proceeding. It supports and cultivates every authentic substance of the people wherever it encounters it, in the countryside, in ethnic groups[Stiimme] or classes. It has created the hereditary f.mn law; saved the peasantry; purged the Civil Service of alien [fremdgeartet] elements and thus re· stored it as a class. It has the courage to treat unequally what is unequal and enforce necessary differentiations.[... ] In a different way, but out of the same awareness of the specific properties of what has its own organic development, National Socialism is able to do justice to the concrete differences between the village, rural town, industrial community, city, and metropolis in the sphere of communal autonomy without being impeded by the erroneous concepts of equality imposed by a liberal democratic scheme of things.
Adolf Hitler, The Place Of Art In Gennany’s Political Reawakening
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

On February 27th 1933, when the blaze from the dome of the Reichstag was reflected in a red 1!).ow from the sky, it seemed as if Fate had chosen the torch of the Communist incendiaries to illuminate the grandeur of that historical turningpoint before the eyes of the nation. The final menace of the Bolshevik revolution hovered like a dark shadow over the Reich. A terrible social and economic catastrophe had brought Germany to the verge of annihilation. The foundations of social life had crumbled.[ ] During the months that followed it was still very difficult to discover and employ such measures as might still avert the final disaster, and doubly difficult to withstand and overthrow the last assault launched by those who wanted to wreck the Nation and the Reich. It was veritably a savage strugf!).e against all those causes and symptoms of German internal disintegration and against our enemies abroad who were hopefully expecting the final debacle.
Martin Heidegger, Natlonal Socialism As The Custodian Of European Being
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

reached on its road to annihilation, then it can only be reached because of the unfolding of new historically spiritual forces from the centre. annihilation because In order to underpin values which have been raised to the level of a moral imperative, the values themselves are attributed Being. But in this context Being basically means no more than the presence of what exists. Only that what is meant is not as crude and palpable as tables and chairs. Once values are endowed with Being the high-point of confusion and rootlessness has been arrived at. However, since the expression ‘value’ is gradually coming to sound hackneyed, especially since it still plays a role in economic theory, values are now called ‘totalities’. In1928 there appeared the first volume of a complete bibliography of the concept value; 661 works concerning the concept of value are cited. They have presumably grown to a thousand by now.
Robert ley, The Ultimate Turning-Point: Total War
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

The moral front of the war experienced a decisive turning-point at the end of 1942 and the beginning ofi943. We National Socialists knew that the people we had become by 1939 was different from that of 1914. The work of the Party had borne fruit. From out of the chaos of the earlier bourgeois and Marxist parties, of trade unions and associations, there had grown up a unified and concerted national community.[... ] National Socialist Germany no longer had political parties, it only had one party, which was called Germany and was borne along by a single will and faith, united behind one flag, and led by one leader.
Alexander raven Thomson, A Corporate Britain
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

On the contrary, it is the organic form through which the nation can find expression. Fascism is no materialist creed like Communism, which sets up, as its only purpose, the material benefit of the masses. Fascism is essentially idealistic, and refuses any such limitation. Fascism recognises the nation as an organism with a purpose, a life and means of action transcending those of the individuals of which it is composed. To limit such an organism to a purpose within itself, to the mere service of its constituent parts, would be a denial of the whole philosophic concept of the Corporate State.
Arthur Kenneth Chesterton, A Spiritual Typhus
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

One of the tragedies of the democratic drift is that profound truths may become truisms without being incorporated in legislative action, especially those truths that require to be imaginatively perceived. Should forty million people find their white blood corpuscles called forth to fight against the deadly germs of typhus, their need would be sufficiently obvious for the politician to bring the resources of the State his soul’s health demands, by the simple expedient of being able to work upon the task of bringing order and decency into his own occupation, thereby functioning normally and realistically as a social being in a world where idealism and realism no longer spell antithesis Herein is both the meaning and the mechanism of the Corporate State of Fascism-normalfunctioning which is the solvent of neurosis and the conqueror of decay.
Ramiro Ledesma Ramos, The Voice Of Spain
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

It was in association with the Montreux conference of the Fascist International held in 1934 that Jose Antonio made his declaration that the Palange was not a fascist movement, one often quoted by scholars reluctant to recognize the existence of generic fascism. It is clear, however, from this speech, made three months later, that he was prepared to portray Falangism as a Spanish variant of fascism, recognizing that as ageneric phenomenon every national permutation of fascism would be unique.
Jacques Doriot, Saving France
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

If we had a State able to carry out this recovery it would be one strong enough to reorganize France and the Empire. It would restructure the economy of France by creating professional organizations which regulate problems of production and the relationships between the various elements involved in production. It would reorganize France into large economico-administrative regions. Once its authority had been restored it would be strong enough to decentralize the outmoded and antiquated system of administration which is now stifling the country instead of stimulating activity.

By encouraging regionalism it would foster the blossoming of the culture in our beautiful French provinces, which live on in the memory and in the great traditions of our country. Under the uncontested authority of France, it could thus carry out reforms which would be dear to our friends in Alsace and Lorraine.
Pierre Drieu La Rochelle, The Rebirth Of European Man
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

A certain way of thinking characteristic of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century had provided European humanity with the basis of a renaissance such as it had not seen for centuries, for a revolution as total as that of an hour-hand returning to the same point on a clock-face.

In this moment the new ways of being have fused with the ways of thinking which called them forth. A new man has been born, reacting against the city, half-way between the countryside and the town, restoring to the soul and the body the values of force, of courage, of affirmation, eager to experience and to be tested and to base his life on an immediate and constant relationship between what is thought and what is accomplished. This fusion of practice with reason, transcending the diverging excesses of rationalism and romanticism, could not help but enter the political sphere and seek its crowning expression within it.
Elias Si Mojo Ki, The Revolution Ofthe Finnish Heart
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

The continuity between the AK.S and the IKL is illustrated in these extracts from two speeches by the Reverend Elias Simojoki, who made the first one as a founding member of the AKS, and the second thirteen years later as IKL deputy and head of the Blue Blacks.

A revolution in the hearts of our people-that is what we are preparing and that is what we believe in. It is a tremendous goal, next to which even goals such as a Greater Finland, a free Karella, and a liberated lngria may be secondary. We firmly believe that only a national reawakening can furnish the basis for victory in that great marathon which we are approaching minute by minute; in the hour of that reawakening our dreams of Greater Finland and a free family of Finnish peoples will come true as ifby themselves, as the result ofnatural necessity. We shall charge onward towards this goal and will not have the time to look out for those who may be trampled by our feet. In the struggle which lies ahead we shall demand nothing for ourselves. We accept being small as long as our Fatherland and our people become great.
Plinio Salgado, The Soul Of The Nation Awakens
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

This passage from Salgado’s Let’s Wake up the Nation expresses sentiments about nationalism and the precondition of national renewal which would ring true to aU fascists.

The soul of a nation does not awaken with laws; it does not spring into creative activity simply through the actions of administrations, even when they are honest and well-intentioned; it does not rise up through simple governmental measures, however well conceived they may be.

The best governments in the world cannot succeed in pulling a country out of the quagmire, out of apathy, if they do not express themselves as national energies. At most they will be able to construct good roads, sound bridges, excellent dams, beautiful buildings, magnificent scientific laboratories.
Nakano Seigo ,The Need For A Totalitarian Japan
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

In 1940 his frustration led him to resort to verbal attacks on the Tojo regime, becoming especially scathing of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association (formed in October 1940 as a single organization welding together all political parties), criticizing it for being a bureaucratic institution aloof from the minds and lives of the people. AfterJapan had so dramatically declared war on the USA, such criticism became intolerable to the Tojo regime. Nakano was forbidden to make public speeches or publish articles. Finally he was placed under house arrest in October 1943, whereupon he committed seppuku (ritual disembowelling) near a five-volume biography of Saigo (see Najita 1971).
Nakano Seigo, Write Your Own Mein Kampf
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

Some people say that neither Fascism nor Nazism are appropriate for our nation. However, I believe that there are nodifferences in the ultimate spirit of people who try to overcome difficulties, whether it is Germany, Italy, orJapan [applause]. Both Fascism and Nazism are clearly different from the despotism of the old period. They do not represent the conservatism which lags behind democracy, but are a form of more democratic government going beyond democracy. Democracy has lost its spirit and decayed into a mechanism which insists only on numerical superiority without considering the essence of human beings. It says that the majority is all good. I do not agree, because it is the majority which is the precise cause of contemporary decadence. Totalitarianism must be based on essentials, superseding the rule of numbers [applause].
Kenneth Roberts, A Plague Of Amateur Mussolinis
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

The observations on contemporary Italy and Gennany offered by the American writer Kenneth Roberts are of interest on several counts: (i) his book is a detailed acco1tnt of ‘pre-totalitarian’ Fascism; (ii) it invites the reader to see in Fascism a role model of a benign form of military dictatorship through which a nation-state can protect itself from the menace of communism to which weak democratic governments expose it; (iii) it portrays Nazism (even before the abortive putsch of November 1923) as a perverted form of Fascism based on fanaticism and anti-Semitism, thus anticipating the debate about Nazism’s relationship to fascism in general and Italian fascism in particular which is still alive today.
H. G. Wells, a bad good thing
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

H. G. Wells (1866-1946) became famous for his prolific output as a writer of science fiction and .futuristic novels. He was also a keen essayist on political and social issues and a writer of popularized non-fiction, such as A Short History of the World. Before 1914 he shared the prevailing optimism of the time concerning the benefits which science might bring to humankind, though even then A Modern Utopia looked forward to a world state ruled by an enlightened ‘Samurai Order’. The First World War shattered his optimism and The Shape of Things to Come, a.futuristic novel which was the basis for the 1936.film Things to Come, foresaw the decade ending in the collapse of liberal democracy in horrendous wars. The orgy of destruction would reduce the world to pre-industrial levels of technology
Karl Polanyi, The Hopeless Task
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

R. A. Brady wrote his Marxist analysis of the Third Reich when he was Associate Professor of Economics at the University of California, applying an orthodox Marxist diagnosis of it as the tool of monopoly capitalism. In his chapter ‘The Looming Shadow of Fascism over the World’, he portrays ‘the people of every nation’ being ‘slowly separated into warring camps. Left and right, Popular Front and Fascist, red and reactionary, capital and labour-the terms vary with time and circumstance, but the cleavage remains the same.’ Another feature typical of Marxist analysis is the way he sees Italy and Germany as ‘the major exponents of Fascism’, but ‘only less so are Portugal, Hungary, Austria, Greece, Romania, Brazil, Bolivia and Japan’. In Spain too, where civil war is in the air, the struggle is between the Popular Front and fascists. For Brady fascism is the ‘wedding of a condition and a myth’: the condition is the application to the whole of society of the hierarchical organizational structure and authoritarian ethos of big business and the military; the myth, the Social Darwinian concept of the survival of the most predatory, already firmly entrenched within the capitalist business ethic.
Wilhelm Reich, Forcing Elephants Into Foxholes
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

The case of fascism, in contrast to liberalism and genuine revolution, is quite different. Its essence embodies neither the surface nor the depth, but by and large the second, intermediate character layer of secondary drives.

When this book was first written, fascism was generally regarded as a ‘political party’, which, as other ‘social groups’, advocated an organized ‘political idea’. According to this appraisal the fascist party was instituting fascism by means of force or through ‘political manreuvre’.

Contrary to this, my medical experiences with men and women of various classes, races, nations, religious beliefs, etc., taught me that ‘fascism’ is only the organized political expression of the structure of the average man’s character, a structure that is confined neither to certain races or nations nor to certain parties, but is general and international. Viewed with respect to man’s character, ‘fascism’ is the basic emotional attitude of the suppressed man of our authoritarian machine civilization and its mechanistic-mystical conception oflife.
Bernt Hagtvet And Stein Rokkan, Defective Nation-Building
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

This passage is taken from the attempt by two Norwegian professors to develop a sophisticated model of the structural factors which enabled ‘fascist-type’ forces to seize power in

the world economy, that the likelihood of fascist-type victories was greatest in the semi-peripheralized territories of earlier city-studded empires-and that the probability of communist-type victories was greatest in the much more markedly peripheral areas of earlier empires of the ‘agrarian bureaucracy’ type, empires with poorly developed commercial-industrialbourgeoisies.
Gerald m. Platt, making sense
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

permits a transition to the new sources of meaning, a new mode of constructing meaning without a total abdication of the past. As the dialectical interplay between the failing and rising modes of construction of the new system is sharpened, the population becomes attuned to the failures of the traditional sources and the effectiveness of the new interpretive procedures. Finally, a leadership for the new sources arises in society either expressing or simply codifying the new rules of interpretation. And if this leadership gains access to sources of power it makes attempts at superimposing the new interpretive system upon broad ranges of the society’s population. The new interpretive system is codified in the language ofideology, determining
Ernst Nolte, Resisting Transcendence
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

It is common to attribute to Three Faces of Fascism (1965) by the West German scholar Ernst Nolte the merit of reviving scholarly interest in generic fascism and establishing the need to take fascist ideology seriously. The work concentrates on underlying parallels between the Action Fra1tfaise (which most historians do not consider to have been a fascist movement), Fascism, and Nazism. In the concluding section he erects a highly abstract theory of generic fascism which centres on its anti-Marxism (though stressing its underlying kinship with Marxism), and its bid to ‘resist transcendence’. By this he seems to mean that fascism aimed to reverse or find a refage from the forces of secularization, democratization, and globalization-sometimes equated with ‘modernization’-which both in theory (that is, ideologically) and in practice (the type of society created) have led to the breakdown of the closed material and spiritual social system of tradition. In other words Nolte’s theory is a highly abstruse and convoluted version of the common theory of fascism as a bourgeois revolt against Enlightenment rationalism (Text 148) and modernization (Text 16o), a position which obscures the fact that fascism offers to believers both its own form of transcendence from the anomie of modern society (Text 157), and an alternative form of modernity (Text 161). Nor was its social basis only middle-class.
James gregor, the total charismatic community
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

Like Nolte, the American scholar A.]. Gregor also takes both ideology and structural factors seriously in his analysis of fascism. On the basis of a thorough study of Fascist social and political thought he comes to see the core of generic fascism in anattempt made by modem States, based on a relatively coherent social theory, to integrate the masses within societies which have been sul,ject to rapid economic development. He sees Fascism in Italy as paradigmatic of totalitarian mass-regimenting regimes in many developing nations, such as the one that farmed in Russian and Communist China, Latin America, and the Third World.

What have been traditionally identified in the literature as a ‘fascist’ regime can best be characterized as totalitarian, revolutionary mass movements that have come to power in relatively or partially advanced industrial environments; environments in which there already exist entrenched and vital propertied classes as well as peripheral elements threatened with status deprivation. Fascist movements thus come topower in circumstances in which some accommodation with established interest groups must, at least initially, be effected if the revolution is not to drown in blood and/or the productionist aspirations of the movement are not to be faulted.
Juan b. Linz, the latecomer
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

How can we define fascism? Any definition of this latecomer movement has to emphasize the things against which it stood; we noted earlier its anti-dimension but we should also consider its new appeal and its conception of man and society. In addition to those ideological elements, no definition can ignore the importance of its distinctive style, its rhetoric and its symbolism, its chants, ceremonies, and shirts that attracted so many young people in the years between the two wars. But neither ideology nor style, given its electoral weakness, except in Germany, would have made it a decisive factor in the political life of many societies without the new forms of organization and political action.
Renzo De Felice, Verbal Revolutlonarism
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

As a preliminary working hypothesis, I propose this twofold typology:

Typology of countries. Fascism established itself wherever:

social mobility, particularly of a vertical nature, was the most rapid and intense;

a predominantly agrarian and latifundium-type economy existed, or massive residues of this sort of economy were not substantially integrated into the national economic complex; there was an economic crisis (inflation, unemployment, high cost ofliving, and so on), or such a crisis had not been completely surmounted; there was a confused process of crisis and alteration of traditional moral values; there was a crisis of either growth or senility within the parliamentary system that
Ernst Niekisch, The Third Reich: The Triumph Of The Demagogues
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

The way things willgo from now on is quite clear. It will be difficult to help Europe to its feet: its decline and descent would appear to be inexorable. The Russo-Asiatic bloc is such a reserve of energies that the future belongs to it.

At this point a major problem arises: is there any possibility of salvaging the best cultural values of Europe and perpetuating them in the new age which is dawning? Ancient Rome faced a similar problem.[... ] The Christian religion and Christian Church were ‘cultivated’: they were spiritualized through the heritage of classical culture. This heritage did not perish, but was preserved.’
David Irving, The Bicycle Thief
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

David Irving is perhaps the world’s most prolific and high profile producer of sophisticated revisionist literature. However, secretly filmed videos of him regaling German neo-Nazis with jokes about the Holocaust reveal another side to his character, and his nomination of Rudolf Hess for the Nobel Peace Prize during a lecture tour in 1984 was found distinctly unfanny by the Austrian authorities. As this extract shows, Hitler’s War explicitly denies that the Fuhrer bears any personal responsibility for the Final Solution: Hitler’s.
Gerhard Frey, Truth And Fictlon12
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

Over the last twenty years Munich publisher Dr. Gerhard Frey has built his Deutsche Volksunion into the most important umbrella organization for the dissemination of extreme right and revisionist propaganda in Germany. It comprises six ‘action communities’ for lobbying on various issues (e.g. abortion, the environment), a publishing house, and two newspapers. Since 1987 it has also operated as a ‘Germany First’ electoral party under the name DVU-Liste D. This article from its weekly paper Deutsche Wochen-Zeitung was written at the time of the trial of Klaus Barbie, head of the SSin Lyons during the war, when the need to relativize Nazi atrocities and minimize any sense of national guilt was particularly strong.
Gerhard Frey, Truth And Fiction
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

The Malmo conference of May 1951, which brought together the internationalist fascists from fourteen European countries, succeeded in founding the ‘Malmo International’, or European Social Movement, to which sixteen national movements were affiliated. Despite divisions over the degree of anti-Semitism and active racism to adopt, delegates had little difficulty agreeing that the role of a regenerated Europe was to act as a citadel of healthy values to ward off the threat posed by the two superpowers, a position expressed in this manifesto of ESM goals, one of the first major post-war statements ofEurofascism.
The Malmo Manifesto, The True Europe’s Revolt Against The Modem World
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

So far as ‘European culture’ is concerned it is these days the stamping-ground of the pragmatic European, the liberal, humanist intellectual. His ‘European culture’ is an appendage of’democracy’ and the ‘Free World’. In this sense ‘culture’ is the stock-in-trade of the so-called ‘aristocrat of thought’, in reality the clothing of the parvenu, his badge of success. A genuine aristocracy of the intellect would not in any case be adequate for the task in hand; the re-animation of the European will and the sustaining of a revolutionary elite who could make this a political possibility. What is more, every time that we try to give the notion of ‘European culture’ concrete significance, we seem to run up against innumerable ‘interpretations’ which leave us with nothing conclusive at all. Everyone has their own idea about what European culture is and many Europeans feel reticent or even guilty about championing it and so the parvenus can speculate to their hearts’ content in the reviews and colour supplements about all the latest developments in this or that field of art in such a way that ·culture’ becomes entirely divorced from the ‘serious world’, from what matters. Ironically, much of what the defenders of culture admire plays a major role in helping to bring about a spiritual crisis and lack of confidence in European culture. The ‘Westernisation’ of the world has meant that this decomposition extends across the world-thus Europe, from illuminism to communism has become the breeding ground of the very forces which work to destroy everything which is specifically European.
Oswald Mosley, Europe A Nation
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

cannot be surmounted without the force which none are prepared to use-the less advanced peoples will in practical experience again become the bondsmen of the more advanced, if they live among them. An endless heritage of racial hatred will be the result, culminating in an explosion which will be repressed with bloodshed. So it is necessary to create two nations in Africa, and no one can claim that the necessary space or wealth of potential foodstuffs and raw material are not there. Again, this is a task which is out of the question for the weak individual nations of Europe, but by no means beyond the strength and power of a united Europe.
Alain De Benoist, Regenerating History
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

The ( palingenetic as opposed to monetarist) New Right is made up of scores of intellectuals, autodidacts, and publicists from every corner of the Europeanized world. By far its most prestigious ideologue is Alain de Benoist, awarded a prize by the Academie Fran+aise in1978 for Vu de droite, a dense anthology of short essays on themes and thinkers which, to the initiated, cumulatively delegitimize many assumptions ofliberal democracy. This passage brings out the typically fascist sense of living through the watershed between a played-out system based on egalitarianism and a new phase ofhistory which will inaugurate cultural rebirth and forge once more into a powerful civilization the Europe divided by Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin at the Yalta Conference in1945 ( the political and economic dynamics of this transformation are, of course, left vague). It was translated by a major representative of the Italian New Right (Nuova Destra), Marco Tarchi, whose edition has been used here rather than the French, toemphasize the internationalization of new currents of neofascist thought.
Louis Dupeux, The Will To Modernity Of The Conservative Revolution
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

The ‘vitalism’ of the German New Right, which expresses itself particularly in Blood and Soil vocabulary, gives rise to a notion of the greatest importance: the notion, or rather the image, of ‘development’ [Entwicklung], which is the perfect response to the rationalistic concept of’progress’. The image of’organic’ development is a supremely energizing and fertile one [... ] because it leads to the key concept of the ‘replacement’ or· exchange’ ofone thing for another [Ablosung] being natural and hence inevitable: the changing of generations, the substitution of human or social ‘types’ seen as ‘worn out’ by new ones, for example the ‘bourgeois’ by the ‘Soldier’ or the ‘Worker’, the replacement of peoples held to be ‘old’ by peoples who claim to be ‘young’ (which the German people is of course considered to be). Finally, the image of organic development, with its connotations of Life and Death and above all of Rebirth [Wiedergeburt], Resurrection [Auferstehung] is central to the call for the reintroduction of the ‘heroic sense of life’ and of history into a world considered anaesthetized by rationalism and hedonism.
Derek Holland, The Political Soldier And National Revolution
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

In the wake of the National Front’s rapid electoral decline after Margaret Thatcher’s 1979 victory, the crudely neo-Nazi, narrowly patriotic line that had been followed under the leadership of]ohn Tyndall and Martin Webster gave way to a more intellectually pretentious and internationalist ‘Third Positionism’ imposed by a younger generation ofStrasserites who gained ascendancy in 1983. The need to create a new e1ite required by this strategy prompted three pamphlets on the ‘political soldier’, a concept which shows the influence of]ulius Evola (see Texts 177, 188 ). The cover of the one dted here shows a Celtic cross (symbol of international fascism) flanked by a priest and knight. By the late 198os when it was published the NF periodical Nationalism Today also preached Third Positionism, a cause now taken up with even greater ardour by the English Nationalist Movement.
Padraig Cullen, The Greening Of Nazism
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

Yet even by 1933 Darre was fulling out of step with the centralist tendencies of the State.[... ] Darre’s final disillusionment during the twilight years of the Third Reich, along with his subsequent arrest and trial in 1949 in the Wilhelmstrasse Trials of top civil servants, making painful reading. Released from prison in 1950, Darre, now a sick man, continued his writings for practical peasant solutions until his early death in 1953. In the conclusion it is stressed again that Darre’s belief in the ‘holistic trinity’ of peasant-nature-God (God in all things), was not a mere reaction to industrialism, but a practical programme for a revolution, a green revolution.

I feel that Blood and Soil is in many ways an important work. It courageously challenges many academic sacred cows. In addition, it asks many questions, both of historical and contemporary importance, that point the way for future research, and policy. For Darre, it is a fitting testimony.
William Pierce, The Cleansing Hurricane
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

The Turner Diaries could be described as the Mein Kampf of Universal Nazism. Its author, William Pierce, played an important role in the 197os as editor of National Socialist World, the organ of the World Union of National Socialists (see Texts 177, 178)

manner with the enormous numbers of Chinese infantry pouring across the Urals into Europe; all its dependable troops at that time were hardly sufficient even for garrison duty in the newly liberated and still not entirely pacified areas of eastern and southern Europe.

Therefore, the Organization resorted to a combination of chemical, biological, and radiological means, on an enormous scale, to deal with the problem. Over a period of four years some 16 million square miles of the earth’s surface, from the Ural Mountains to the Pacific and from the Arctic Ocean to the Indian Ocean, were effectively sterilized. Thus was the Great Eastern Waste created.
Pamy at, patriots of the world unite!
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

A people that loses its national language ceases to exist! And what has the ‘great and mighty’ Russian language been turned into?! Soon, unless active measures are taken, the media willstart talking to the people in Esperanto! Is it not clear in which school or country studied the numerous propagandists, Party and leading officials, and all those who today have a public platform? Their speech has lost its figurativeness, poetic quality and passion, and consists of cliches, foreign words and technical terms. How can one speak to a people in such gibberish? Or strike a spark and flame in its spirit? This machine-like language is causing us irreparable harm-like an asphalt tumour on the skin of the earth.
Russia’s Liberal Democratic Party, King Kong Meets His Match
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

The success of Vladimir Zhirinovsky’ s Liberal Democratic Party in obtaining .23 per cent of the votes for the ‘all federal list’ in the 1993 Russian elections (giving it sixtyfou.r deputies and making it the third largest parliamentary faction) sounded alarm bells for all those concerned about the fature stability not just of Russia itself, but of the post-Cold War world order. Zhirinovsky, a prolific self-promoter, has made enough contradictory statements in his briefbut spectacular career to make him difficult to categorize in conventional political terms. There can be nodoubt, however, that he espouses a radical irredentist programme for reintegrating Russians within new frontiers, and intends to teach Europe a lesson in how to put an end to the multi-ethnic and pluralistic society espoused by all truly democratic liberals and socialists. This article was published by one of the LDP party newspapers, Sokol Zhirinovskogo (Zhirinovsky’s Falcon), and betrays an unmistakably fascist mindset.
Primo Levi, The deadly Trunk Fascism
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

There is no rationality in the Nazi hatred: it is a hate that is not in us; it is outside man, it is a poison fruit sprung from the deadly trunk of fascism, but it is outside and beyond fascism itsel£ We cannot understand it, but we can and must understand from where it springs, and we must be on our guard. If understanding is impossible, knowing is imperative, because what happened could happen again. Conscience can be seduced and obscured again-even our consciences.
Aesthetic and Feminist Theory: Rethinkinc Women’s Cinema
Authors: Lauretis Teresa De
Published: November 2023

Then Silvia Bovenschen in 1976 posed the question ‘Is there a feminine aesthetic?’, the only answer she could give was. yes and no: ‘Certainly there is. if one is talking about aesthetic awareness and modes of sensory perception. Certainly not. if one is talking about an unusual variant of artistic production or about a painstakingly constructed theory of art. If this contradiction seems familiar to anyone even vaguely acquainted with the development of feminist thought over the past fifteen years. it is because it echoes a contradiction specific to, and perhaps even constitutive of, the women’s movement itself: a twofold pressure, a simultaneous pull in opposite directions, a tension toward the positivity of politics, of affirmative action.
A Criticism of Our Own: Autonomy and Asslmllatlon in Afro-American and Feminist Literary Theory
Authors: Showalter Elaine
Published: November 2023

In the summer of 1985, I was one of the speakers at the annual conference on literary theory at Georgetown University. On the first morning, a distinguished :alarmist theorist was introduced, and as he began to read his paper, there appeared from ilia oilier side of the stage a slender young woman in a leotard and long skirt who looked like a ballet dancer.
The Race for Theory
Authors: Christian Barbara
Published: November 2023

I have seized this occasion to break the silence among those of us, critics, as we are now called, who have been intimidated. devalued by what I call the race for theory. I have become convinced that there has been a rake-over in the literary world by western philosophers from the old literary elite. the neutral humanists. Philosophers have been able to effect such a take over So my ‘method’, to use a new ‘lit. crit.’ word, is nm fixed but relates to what I read and to the historical context of the writers I read and to the many critical activities in which I am engaged, which may or may nm involve writing.
Notes for an Analysis
Authors: Jardine Alice
Published: November 2023

If we bring two spaces-academia 1111d psychoanalysis-together as psychoanalysis i11 the university, we arrive at a place where something is happening that deserves our notice. And/In-no simple opposition or analogy. I hope you will grant me the benefit of the doubt, even if not demonstrated now, that I am conscious of the fact that there are no simple inside/outside dichotomies here: on this note, we could perhaps remember and be guided by the ins and outs of transference between ‘Literature’ and ‘Psychoanalysis’ orchestrated so beautifully and influentially for us by Shoshana Felman over ten years ago.
Paradoxes of Participation
Authors: Phillips Anne
Published: November 2023

In most of me newly formed women’s groups, any kind of hierarchy was automatically suspect. :\1eetings were informal and only loosely structured; in a comparison that was to be frequently invoked in the early years, they were patterned on a gathering of friends. women came together to share their experiences-me consciousness-raising mat was such an important part of early involvement-and to work out actions and campaigns. In these meetings no one voice should ever claim to be more definitive than another.
Feminist Confessions: The Last Degrees are the Hardest
Authors: Miller Nancy
Published: November 2023

In a reading group I belonged to in the mid-eighties, we talked on and off about the liabilities that attached to the transfer of the adjective ‘feminist’ from a political movement to a critical label. One of the women in the group objected hotly to receiving professional invitations to speak ‘as a feminist’ at conferences and campuses. She Named, she said. to be invited for herself, as ‘a critic’-minus any label or constituency; and mimed the dismay of the generic departmental host, who finding himself saddled with the feminist speaker imported to his campus for the occasion.
Around 1981: Academic Feminist Literary Theory
Authors: Gallop Jane
Published: November 2023

Around 1981. a good number of feminist literary academics in this country were focused on the ‘difference between French and American feminism’, on the question of psychoanalysis or deconstruction and their usefulness or danger. ‘we’ were not only American feminists like me who thought French psychoanalytic, deconstructive theory a great thing but also those who expended a good deal of energy attacking it. Around 1981, this conflict, this debate seemed central, and to many more academic critics than me, to feminist literary studies.
Postmodernism and Gender Relations in Feminist Theory
Authors: Flax Jane
Published: November 2023

I think there are currently three kinds of thinking that best present (and represent) our own time ‘apprehended in thought’: psychoanalysis, feminist theory, and postmodern philosophy. These ways of thinking reflect and are partially constituted by Enlightenment beliefs still prevalent in western (especially American) culture. At the same time they offer ideas and insights that are only possible because of the breakdown of Enlightenment beliefs under the cumulative pressure of historical events such as the invention of the atomic bomb, the Holocaust, and the war in Vietnam.
The Ideal of impartially and the Civic Public
Authors: Young Iris
Published: November 2023

A growing body of feminist-inspired moral theory has challenged the paradigm of moral reasoning as defined by the discourse of justice and rifles. In this paradigm moral reasoning consists in adopting an impartial and impersonal poem of view on a situation, detached from any particular immerses at stake. weighing all interests equally. and arriving at a conclusion which con· forms to general principles of justice and rights, impartially applied to the case at hand. Critics argue that this paradigm describes not moral reasoning as such, but the specific moral reasoning called for in the impersonal public contexts of law, bureaucracy, and the regulation of economic competition.
The Generalized and the Concrete Other
Authors: Benhabib Seyla
Published: November 2023

Can there be a feminist contribution to moral philosophy? That is to say, can those men and women who view the gender-sex system of our societies as oppressive, and who regard women’s emancipation as essential to human liberation. criticize. analyze and when necessary replace the traditional categories of moral philosophy in order to contribute to women’s emancipation and human liberation) By focusing on the controversy generated by Carol Gilligan’s work, this chapter seeks to outline such a feminist contribution to moral philosophy.
Feminist, Female, Feminine
Authors: Moi Toril
Published: November 2023

Over the past decade. feminists have used the terms ‘feminist’, ‘female’ and ‘feminine’ in a multitude of different ways. [... ] I will suggest that we distinguish between ‘feminism’ as a political position, ‘femaleness· as a matter ofbiology and ‘femininity’ as a set of culturally defined characteristics. The words “feminist” or “feminism’ are political labels indicating support for the aims of the new women’s movement which emerged in the late 1960s. “Feminist criticism, then, is a specific kind of political discourse: a critical and theoretical practice committed to the struggle against patriarchy and sexism.
The ‘Risk’ of Essence
Authors: Fuss Diana
Published: November 2023

One of the prime motivations behind the production of this book is the desire to break or in some way to weaken the hold which the essentialist/ construction binarism has on feminist theory. It is my conviction that the deadlock created by the long-standing controversy over the issue of human essences (essential femininity, essential blackness, essential gayness ... ) has. on the one hand, encouraged more careful attention to cultural and historical specific cities where perhaps we have hitherto been too quick to universalize but, on the other hand, foreclosed more ambitious investigations of specificity and difference by fostering a certain paranoia around the perceived threat of essentialism.
Love, Mourning and Metaphor: Terms of Identity
Authors: Kannbh Kadiatu
Published: November 2023

The obsession of feminist theories with the body as the conclusive image of identity and the site of political struggle has led to a proliferation of unspoken conflations, confusions and invisibilities in the field of gender studies. Where love is fractured by violence and subjectivity is an unstable and threatening arena, a keen and painful listening to the conflicting pasts and languages which constitute Woman seems an obvious and difficult imperative. within the terms of experience and desire I envisage an ongoing feminist battle which demands consideration.
‘Returning: to Manderley’-Romance Fiction, Female Sexuality and Class
Authors: Light Alison
Published: November 2023

Thus opens Daphne du Maurier’s Rebecca, published in 1938. with thirty-nine impressions and translations into twenty languages in as many years, Rebecca was and still is an enormous bestseller. Hitchcock made a film of the novel in 1940, its latest TV serialization was only a couple of years ago and even more recently it has been the subject of an opera.[... ] [l]t’s clear that Rebecca speaks as much to readers in the 1980s as it did to those in the 1940s. The story of the plain, genteel orphan girl-we never learn her name-who marries the aristocratic widower has got everything a romance needs and more: jealously, mystery, adultery and murder.
Sexual Politics and Sexual Meaning
Authors: Sedgwick Eve Kosofsky
Published: November 2023

What does it mean-what difference does it make-when a social or political relationship is serialized? [... ] [w]hat theoretical framework do we have for drawing any Links between sexual and power relationships? This question. in a variety of forms, is being posed importantly by and for the different gender politics movements right now. Feminist along with gay male theorists. for instance. are disagreeing actively about how direct the relation is between power domination and sternal sadomasod1ism. Start with row arresting images:
Is Transgression Transgressive?
Authors: Wilson Elizabeth
Published: November 2023

The demand for the recognition of bisexuality challenges the foundations of the lesbian and gay movement, which for better or worse, is predicated on the assumption that the lesbian/ gay identity is at least relatively feed. we might argue for or believe in the possibility, or indeed the existence in many cases, of more fluid senilities. Yet we must also recognize the problems th.is poses for political activism, and the bisexual movement in its demand for recognition primarily from the lesbian and gay movement has been insensitive to these difficulties.