bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attachment and Proliferation of Human-Adipose-Tissue-Derived Stem Cells on Bioactive Glass/PVA Hybrid Scaffolds
Authors: Gomide Viviane , Cavalcanti Zonari Alessandra Arcoverde , Breyner Natalia Martins , de Goes Alfredo Miranda , Pereira Marivalda M.
Published: October 2011

Bioactive glass/polymer hybrids are promising materials for biomedical applications because they combine the bioactivity of bioceramics with the flexibility of polymers. These advantages may be used in porous scaffolds for tissue-engineering applications. In previous works, hybrid foams bioactive glass/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were prepared by the sol-gel process. The hybrid foam 50% PVA/50% bioactive glass was chosen in the composition range studied as the scaffold with better compromise in terms of pore structure and mechanical behavior. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the adhesion, viability, and growth behavior of human-adipose-tissue-derived stem cells on bioactive glass/PVA foams in vitro and their potential as scaffold for application in bone-tissue engineering. The pore structure of the hybrid samples used in the study was analyzed by microcomputed tomography, showing a modal pore diameter of 284 μm and modal interconnect diameter of 138 μm. We found that cells are capable of adhesion, proliferation, growth, and ECM production on the scaffolds tested. The results show that the hybrid bioactive glass/PVA is a promising material for bone repair, providing a good environment for the adhesion and proliferation of human-adipose-tissue-derived stem cells in vitro.
Varieties of Harm to Animals in Industrial Farming
Authors: Halteman Matthew C.
Published: October 2011

Skeptics of the moral case against industrial farming often assert that harm to animals in industrial systems is limited to isolated instances of abuse that do not reflect standard practice and thus do not merit criticism of the industry at large. I argue that even if skeptics are correct that abuse is the exception rather than the rule, they must still answer for two additional varieties of serious harm to animals that are pervasive in industrial systems: procedural harm and institutional oppression. That procedural and institutional harms create conditions under which abuse is virtually inevitable only increases the skeptic’s burden.
História da cidade, consciência histórica e jovens escolarizados: o caso de Curitiba
Authors: Germinari Geyso
Published: October 2011

O artigo tem como tema a relação entre a história da cidade, a consciência histórica de jovens escolarizados e a formação de identidades acerca da cidade de Curitiba-Pr. O objetivo da investigação foi analisar de que forma a consciência histórica de jovens escolarizados que vivem em Curitiba expressa suas identidades em relação à cidade de Curitiba. O estudo enquadra-se no domínio científico da Educação Histórica, cuja atenção volta-se ao conhecimento sistemático das ideias históricas de alunos e professores, tendo como referência principal à teoria da história de Jörn Rüsen, particularmente, a ideia de consciência histórica, que, segundo este autor, articula o passado como experiência e o presente e o futuro como campos de ação orientados pelo passado, e tem como funções essenciais a orientação temporal e a criação de identidades individuais e coletivas.
A Knowledge Transfer Study of the Utility of the Nova Scotia Seniors’ Mental Health Network in Implementing Seniors’ Mental Health National Guidelines
Authors: Bosma Mark , Cassidy Keri-Leigh , Le Clair J Kenneth , Helsdingen Sherri , Devichand Pratima
Published: October 2011

BackgroundThe Canadian Coalition for Seniors’ Mental Health (CCSMH) developed national best-practice guidelines in seniors’ mental health. Promoting adoption of new guidelines is challenging, as paper dissemination alone has limited impact on practice change.PurposeWe hypothesized that the existing knowledge transfer (KT) mechanisms of the Nova Scotia Seniors’ Mental Health Network would prove useful in transferring the CCSMH best-practice guidelines.MethodsIn this observational KT study, CCSMH best-practice guidelines were delivered through two interactive, case-based teaching modules on Depression & Suicide, and Delirium via a provincial tele-education program and local face-to-face sessions. Usefulness of KT was measured using self-report evaluations of material quality and learning. Evaluation results from the two session topics and from tele-education versus face-to-face sessions were compared.ResultsSessions were well attended (N = 347), with a high evaluation return rate (287, 83%). Most participants reported enhanced knowledge in seniors’ mental health and intended to apply knowledge to practice. Ratings did not differ significantly between KT session topics or modes of delivery.ConclusionsThe KT mechanisms of a provincial seniors’ mental health network facilitated knowledge acquisition and the intention of using national guidelines on seniors’ mental health among Nova Scotian clinicians. Key elements of accelerating KT used in this initiative are discussed.
A comprehensive pre‐clinical treatment quality assurance program using unique spot patterns for proton pencil beam scanning FLASH radiotherapy
Authors: Tsai Pingfang , Yang Yunjie , Wu Mengjou , Chen Chin‐Cheng , Yu Francis , Simone Charles B. , Choi Jehee Isabelle , Tomé Wolfgang A. , Lin Haibo
Published: June 2024

Background

Quality assurance (QA) for ultra‐high dose rate (UHDR) irradiation is a crucial aspect in the emerging field of FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH‐RT). This innovative treatment approach delivers radiation at UHDR, demanding careful adoption of QA protocols and procedures. A comprehensive understanding of beam properties and dosimetry consistency is vital to ensure the safe and effective delivery of FLASH‐RT.

Purpose

To develop a comprehensive pre‐treatment QA program for cyclotron‐based proton pencil beam scanning (PBS) FLASH‐RT. Establish appropriate tolerances for QA items based on this study's outcomes and TG‐224 recommendations.

Methods

A 250 MeV proton spot pattern was designed and implemented using UHDR with a 215nA nozzle beam current. The QA pattern that covers a central uniform field area, various spot spacings, spot delivery modes and scanning directions, and enabling the assessment of absolute, relative and temporal dosimetry QA parameters. A strip ionization chamber array (SICA) and an Advanced Markus chamber were utilized in conjunction with a 2 cm polyethylene slab and a range (R80) verification wedge. The data have been monitored for over 3 months.

Results

The relative dosimetries were compliant with TG‐224. The variations of temporal dosimetry for scanning speed, spot dwell time, and spot transition time were within ± 1 mm/ms, ± 0.2 ms, and ± 0.2 ms, respectively. While the beam‐to‐beam absolute output on the same day reached up to 2.14%, the day‐to‐day variation was as high as 9.69%. High correlation between the absolute dose and dose rate fluctuations were identified. The dose rate of the central 5 × 5 cm2 field exhibited variations within 5% of the baseline value (155 Gy/s) during an experimental session.

Conclusions

A comprehensive QA program for FLASH‐RT was developed and effectively assesses the performance of a UHDR delivery system. Establishing tolerances to unify standards and offering direction for future advancements in the evolving FLASH‐RT field.
Intermolecular Interaction Mediated Potassium Ion Intercalation Chemistry in Ether‐Based Electrolyte for Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xie Hongliang , Liang Honghong , Kumar Pushpendra , Cheng Haoran , Zhao Fei , Wang Yuqi , Cai Tao , Wahyudi Wandi , Ma Zheng , Li Qian , Ming Jun
Published: June 2024

Electrolyte design is indeed a highly effective strategy to improve battery performance. However, identifying the intermolecular interaction in electrolyte solvation structure is rarely reported in potassium‐ion batteries. Herein, it is discovered that a solvent‐solvent intermolecular interaction can be formed when introducing the cyclopentylmethyl ether (CPME) solvent into the commonly used 1,2‐dimethoxyethane (DME)‐based electrolytes. Such interaction is not only analyzed by 2D 1H‐1H correlation spectroscopy for the first time but also found that it can weaken the K+‐DME interaction significantly, consequently enabling a reversible K+ (de‐)intercalation within the graphite. By employing this strategy without using any fluorine‐based solvent, a new fluorine‐free and low‐concentration ether‐based electrolyte is designed, which is not only compatible with graphite but also facilitates the design of high‐energy‐density and safe potassium ion sulfur batteries. A novel molecular interfacial model is further presented to analyze the interfacial behaviors of K+‐solvent‐anion complexes on the electrode surface that are affected by intermolecular interactions, elucidating the reasons behind the superior electrolyte compatibility and graphite electrode performance at the molecular scale. This work sheds some light on the critical role of solvent–solvent interactions in electrolyte design for potassium‐ion batteries and provides valuable insights for engineering and enhancing the performance of electrolytes and batteries.
Nacreous Glass Composites with Superior Performance Engineered through Mechanical Vibration and Silanization
Authors: Amini Ali , Tirgar Pouria , Bahmani Aram , Jafari Maziar , Siaj Mohamed , Barthelat Francois , Ehrlicher Allen
Published: June 2024

Bioinspiration offers alternative solutions to overcome the inherent drawbacks of glass, such as low fracture toughness, strength, and impact resistance. Synthetic composites inspired by natural materials, such as nacre, have been recently introduced as an alternative to glasses. However, these have all suffered from trade‐offs between rigidity, optical clarity, fabrication scalability, and complexity. Here, two wave‐based fabrication techniques are presented to create a nacreous structure from glass flakes and polymethyl methacrylate. The glass's surface energy is controlled by adjusting the silane coverage on the glass surface, enabling high levels of structural compactness, mechanical properties, and optical clarity. The scalable glass composite, with a ≈60% glass volume fraction, possesses strength, fracture toughness, and impact resistance values, outperforming annealed glass by 4300%, 350%, and 400%, respectively. It also has a haze level of ≈18%, almost 60% less than that of the similar centrifuged‐based glass composite. This composite is proposed as a potential glass alternative in diverse applications.
Recent Progress and Challenge in Metal–Organic Frameworks for Lithium–Sulfur Battery Separators
Authors: Li Zhen , Wang Junjun , Yuan Hua , Yu Yan , Tan Yeqiang
Published: June 2024

The separators used in lithium‐sulfur (Li–S) batteries play a crucial role in their cycling performance and safety. Current commercial separators lack the ability to efficiently regulate polysulfide shuttling and are prone to thermal runaway at high temperatures. Recent studies have shown that multifunctional separators can boost the electrochemical performance and safety of Li–S batteries. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising materials for modifying separators due to their large specific surface areas and highly ordered tunable nanopores. Herein, this review focuses on the advancements in developing MOFs, their derivatives, and MOFs‐based composites as separator coatings to address the shortcomings of Li–S batteries. The mechanisms behind these modified separators, designed to inhibit lithium polysulfide shuttling and lithium dendrite growth, are discussed, emphasizing the relationship between the structure and electrochemical performance. The impact of these modified separator coatings on battery safety is also explored, aiming to design suitable composite films for high‐safety Li–S batteries. Furthermore, future perspectives are outlined to guide practical applications and overcome the remaining challenges associated with MOFs‐modified separators.
Direct Vat‐Photopolymerization 3D Printing of Hierarchically Porous SiC Loaded with Co/Ni Based Catalysts by Using Pickering Emulsions
Authors: Ho Terence Yan King , Pung Kah Sheng , Lock Daniel Wen Hao , Du Zehui , Gan Chee Lip
Published: June 2024

Hierarchically porous silicon carbide (SiC) is an important catalyst support widely used in various gas and liquid catalytic processes. Conventional approaches to fabricate such SiC have limited design flexibility and separated catalyst‐loading step is necessitated. Herein, a one‐step, direct vat‐photopolymerization 3D printing of hierarchically porous SiC loaded with Co/Ni based catalyst is demonstrated with Pickering emulsion as feedstock for the first time. Compared with normal ceramic slurries, Pickering emulsion dramatically increases the cure depth (by 50%) and emulsion stability, which allow continuous printing of complex SiC structures with uniform pore morphology. The resultant hierarchical porous SiC offered ≈40% better mechanical strength as compared with non‐hierarchical counterpart. By dissolving metal salts into aqueous phase in Pickering emulsions, complex architected structures with Co or Ni/Co in situ loaded in SiC matrix are printed. The metal salts are then thermally converted into oxides or silicates as catalysts anchored on SiC, exhibiting excellent catalytic activity and reusability. The emulsion templating strategy holds great facility to load various highly attractive materials such as high entropy oxides or functional fillers whilst reaping the benefits of vat photopolymerization for a myriad of applications in catalysis, batteries, and structural supports.
Robust and Versatile Heterostructured Carbon Nanocomposites with Diverse Adaptability to Harsh Environments
Authors: Gong Qian , Yu Yingying , Lu Xiaolong , Gong Xiaojing , Kang Lixing , Zhang Yongyi , Wang Shanshan , Wang Wenyuan , Hu Dongmei , Di Jiangtao , Chen Qi , Chen Liwei , Li Qingwen , Zhang Jin
Published: June 2024

In carbon allotropes, interfacial engineering of various sp2 nanocarbon building blocks has shown great promise in designing and fabricating creative nanocarbon assemblies with novel structural and functional properties. Here, a robust, flexible, metal‐like heterostructured carbon nanotube (CNT) film formed of amorphous graphene nanosheets (AGNs) on CNT networked film is demonstrated, presenting a sp3‐sp2 dominated interfacial heterostructure. Extensive characterization reveals that AGN exhibits a complete absence of long‐range periodicity with twisty six‐member rings. Such 2D graphene mailed 1D CNT structure endows the heterostructured carbon nanocomposite film with a combination of unique properties, including surface nano‐flattening (flatness fourfold of the raw CNT film), excellent anti‐wear performance, greatly enhanced modulus (enhanced by 400%), hardness (enhanced by 300 times), and conductivity (enhanced by 270%). Unlike conventional carbon‐based materials, such flexible films show distinct substantial deformability and rapid resilience over wide temperatures (−196–≈1300 °C), which facilitate the design of new‐concept lightweight high‐temperature resistant and shape‐transformable materials for advanced aerospace applications under extreme conditions.
Ceramic Meta‐Aerogel with Thermal Superinsulation up to 1700 °C Constructed by Self‐Crosslinked Nanofibrous Network via Reaction Electrospinning
Authors: Xu Zhen , Liu Yiming , Xin Qi , Dai Jin , Yu Jianyong , Cheng Longdi , Liu Yi‐Tao , Ding Bin
Published: June 2024

Thermal insulation under extreme conditions requires the materials to be capable of withstanding complex thermo‐mechanical stress, significant gradient temperature transition, and high‐frequency thermal shock. The excellent structural and functional properties of ceramic aerogels make them attractive for thermal insulation. However, in extremely high‐temperature environments (above 1500 °C), they typically exhibit limited insulation capacity and thermo‐mechanical stability, which may lead to catastrophic accidents, and this problem is never effectively addressed. Here, a novel ceramic meta‐aerogel constructed from a crosslinked nanofiber network using a reaction electrospinning strategy, which ensures excellent thermo‐mechanical stability and superinsulation under extreme conditions, is designed. The ceramic meta‐aerogel has an ultralow thermal conductivity of 0.027 W m–1 k–1, and the cold surface temperature is only 303 °C in a 1700 °C high‐temperature environment. After undergoing a significant gradient temperature transition from liquid nitrogen to 1700 °C flame burning, the ceramic meta‐aerogel can still withstand thousands of shears, flexures, compressions, and other complex forms of mechanical action without structural collapse. This work provides a new insight for developing ceramic aerogels that can be used for a long period in extremely high‐temperature environments.
Adsorber Charge Dominates over Hydrophobic or Fluorophilic Functionalization in Influencing Adsorption of PFCA onto Polystyrene Resins
Authors: Junge Florian , Wittwer Philipp , Sommerfeld Thomas , Gehrenkemper Lennart , Zoister Christian , Nickl Philip , Koch Matthias , Meermann Björn , Haag Rainer
Published: June 2024

A systematic series of industrial‐relevant polystyrene‐based anion exchange resins that are functionalized with hydro‐ or fluorocarbon chains are compared regarding their adsorption behavior toward perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCA) in respect to their charge, chain length, and type of chain. The results clearly show the dominance of electrostatic interactions in the adsorption process as uncharged adsorber materials showed no adsorption at all. In contrast, the charged adsorber materials showed in general a PFCA removal of 80% to 30% over the experiment depending on effluent fraction. Unexpectedly, for perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) the highest removal rate is found with consistently >90%. Despite observing significant benefits in the adsorption of PFCA for fluoroalkylated adsorbers in comparison to their non‐fluorinated counterparts, this effect of fluoroalkylation is comparatively small and can not be clearly attributed to fluorophilic interactions between the fluoroalkyl chains. These findings help clarifying that the introduction of fluorocarbon moieties in adsorber materials is not necessary in order to remove fluorocarbon molecules from the environment.
DC Power Boosting Circuit for Freestanding‐Sliding Triboelectric Nanogenerators with High Intrinsic Impedance and Multi‐Harmonic Output
Authors: Lee Kibae , Kim Ji‐Seok , Oh Saewoong , Yoo Hyunjoon , Lee Jongkil , Oh Il‐Kwon , Lee Chong Hyun
Published: June 2024

This study presents a freestanding sliding triboelectric nanogenerator (FS‐TENG) designed for low‐frequency motions (below 2 Hz). However, for practical applications, an efficient power management strategy is required to handle the harmonic outputs of the FS‐TENG. The high‐frequency signal is not sustainable for powering low‐power electronic applications. To address the issue, a novel direct current power supply circuit (DPS) is proposed that utilizes a double charge circuit (DCC) and a comb filtering circuit (CFC) to efficiently harness harmonic sources from the FS‐TENG. The direct power supply (DPS) outperforms traditional converters by reducing the impedance of the FS‐TENG and collecting the target harmonic sources, which facilitates a continuous power supply to the load. The results demonstrate that the DPS is capable of providing a continuous DC voltage of 2.2 V to a 10 MΩ load with minimal ripple (0.039%) at a low operating frequency of 0.625 Hz. Additionally, the practical application of a self‐powered temperature sensor is demonstrated to highlight the potential of FS‐TENG and DPS for low‐frequency energy harvesting solutions in real‐world scenarios.
Metasurface Platform Incorporating Aggregation Induced Emission Based Biosensor for Enhanced Human Serum Albumin Detection
Authors: Hu Qi , Iwanaga Masanobu , Tang Youhong
Published: June 2024

Metasurfaces exhibit excellent optical performance to enhance the light–matter interaction of target molecules in biosensing based on its well‐optimized nanostructured unit cells. In the meantime, fluorescence (FL) biosensors with aggregation induced emissions (AIE) features also demonstrate outstanding performance in biomarker detection due to their fast response, high selectivity, and low background noise. Nevertheless, extremely low‐level analytes are difficult to detect in practical applications since complex urine samples include a number of uncontrolled variables such as impurities, autofluorescence, other urine components, etc. At present, improving optical signal sensitivity of human serum albumin (HSA) detection is always a big challenge to overcome such interference in human urine scenarios. In this work, first an AIE‐based FL biosensor TPE‐4TA is combined with an all‐dielectric metasurface platform to achieve quantitative detection of trace HSA in urine by utilizing biofunctionalization protocols on the silicon (Si) nanostructures. The results indicate significant FL enhancement in the metasurface platform that offers a promising pathway for improving biomarker detection in the future.
Multiple Sampling Capsule Robot for Studying Gut Microbiome
Authors: Park Sanghyeon , Hoang Manh Cuong , Kim Jayoung , Park Sukho
Published: June 2024

Longitudinal analysis of the gut microbiota is crucial for understanding its relationship with gastrointestinal (GI) diseases and advancing diagnostics and treatments. Most ingestible sampling devices move passively within the GI tract, rely on physiological factors, and fail at multipoint sampling. This study proposes a multiple‐sampling capsule robot capable of collecting gut microbiota from various locations within the GI tract with minimal cross‐contamination. The proposed capsule comprises a body, a driving unit, six sampling tools, a central rod, and two heads. Electromagnetic field control facilitates control of the orientation and position of the capsule, particularly to align the channel of the capsule where the sample is collected facing downward. The capsule can collect six gut microbiota samples preventing contamination before and after sampling. The active locomotion and multiple sampling performance of the capsule are evaluated through basic performance tests (propulsion direction precision: 0.76 ± 0.52°, channel alignment precision: 0.84 ± 0.55°), phantom tests (average amount per sample: 10.3 ± 2.4 mg, cross‐contamination: 0.6 ± 0.4%), and ex‐vivo tests (average amount per sample: 9.9 ± 1.7 mg). The possibility of integration and clinical application of the capsule is confirmed through preclinical tests using a porcine model.
HFIP‐Mediated Cyclodesulfurization Approach for the Synthesis of 2‐Aminobenzoxazole and 2‐Aminobenzothiazole Derivatives
Authors: Kant Kamal , Patel Chandresh K. , Banerjee Sourav , Naik Priyadarshini , Padhi Aditya , Sharma Vishal , Singh Virender , Almeer Rafa , Keremane Kavya S. , Atta Ananta K. , Malakar Chandi C.
Published: June 2024

A straightforward strategy for the synthesis of pharmaceutically active 2‐aminobenzoxazoles and 2‐aminobenzothiazoles is described by using 2‐aminophenols, 2‐aminothiophenols, and functionalized phenylisothiocyanates as the model substrates. The developed method proceeds through the HFIP‐promoted cyclodesulfurization process which allows for the efficient synthesis of these scaffolds at 60 °C of reaction temperature without the addition of a transition metal‐catalyst or hazardous solvents with excellent yields (up to 92 %) of product formation. This process involves HFIP‐mediated hydrogen bonding interactions with the hydroxyl and thiol moieties, leading to bond breaking and formation during the reaction, resulting in the compounds of interest and the in situ release of H2S gas.
Imaging Neurotransmitters with Small‐Molecule Fluorescent Probes
Authors: Bade Anusha , Yadav Peeyush , Zhang Le , Naidu Bypaneni Ramesh , Xu Ming , Glass Timothy E.
Published: June 2024

Neurotransmitters play a crucial role in regulating communication between neurons within the brain and central nervous system. Thus, imaging neurotransmitters has become a high priority in neuroscience. This minireview focuses on recent advancements in the development of fluorescent small‐molecule fluorescent probes for neurotransmitter imaging and applications of these probes in neuroscience. Innovative approaches for probe design are highlighted as well as attributes which are necessary for practical utility, with a view to inspiring new probe development capable of visualizing neurotransmitters.
Intimate partner violence and Bowen family systems theory: promoting safety and expanding capacity of families
Authors: Burke Katherine , Post Amie
Published: June 2024

Family violence is becoming increasingly visible in Australia, with many state and federal governments taking on more responsibility to address family violence and its impacts on those affected. Current efforts are focused on practice frameworks, identifying and responding to risk factors, and social justice frameworks including legislating against family violence in a range of jurisdictions and addressing more broadly the structural and cultural forces that perpetuate violence and further oppress those victimised. Family violence is not unique to Australia, with prevalence rates internationally suggesting family violence occurs irrespective of country, race, age, culture, effectiveness of social policies or socioeconomic status. This paper explores relevant foundational concepts of Bowen family systems theory (BFST) as it relates to family violence and explores opportunities to evolve practice in this area. BFST offers a unique contribution towards addressing family violence, particularly in relation to the public health challenge of addressing family polyvictimisation. The paper also explores how BFST conceptualises family violence and the role of the professional in working with the family as a single emotional unit. The unique focus of BFST on observing and defining self within the emotional family unit through observation of the underlying multigenerational emotional patterns of functioning provides unique opportunities to evolve and develop both the capacity of clinicians and responses to families who are navigating the serious and challenging impacts of family violence.
Work “for” you or work “with” you: The effect of candidate's positioning on donation reception
Authors: Ho Cony Ming‐Shen
Published: June 2024

Donations are a well‐studied area in consumer research, but our understanding of political donations is limited. Because the motivations for donating to charity and political candidates are different, we use branding perspectives to investigate this important phenomenon. In four studies, we demonstrate that candidates with a “servant” brand positioning are likely to generate fewer donations compared with those with a “partner” positioning. This is because a servant brand positioning leads individuals to perceive that the candidates require fewer resources. We also show that the relationship between brand positioning and political donation is influenced by factors such as political ideology, election polls, and the percentage of the donation relative to election expenses. Specifically, the effect is stronger among conservatives, when the candidates are leading in the polls, and when a small donation represents a significant portion of the election expenses. These findings provide valuable insights into how brand positioning affects individuals' intentions to donate to political campaigns.
Identification of Orthosteric and Allosteric Pharmacological Chaperones for Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IIIB
Authors: Losada Juan Camilo , Triana Heidy , Vanegas Egdda , Caro Angela , Rodríguez‐López Alexander , Espejo‐Mojica Angela Johana , Alméciga‐Diaz Carlos Javier
Published: June 2024

Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB (MPS IIIB) is an autosomal inherited disease caused by mutations in gene encoding the lysosomal enzyme N−acetyl‐alpha‐glucosaminidase (NAGLU). These mutations result in reduced NAGLU activity, preventing it from catalyzing the hydrolysis of the glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate (HS). There are currently no approved treatments for MPS IIIB. A novel approach in the treatment of lysosomal storage diseases is the use of pharmacological chaperones (PC). In this study, we used a drug repurposing approach to identify and characterize novel potential PCs for NAGLU enzyme. We modeled the interaction of natural and artificial substrates within the active cavity of NAGLU (orthosteric site) and predicted potential allosteric sites. We performed a virtual screening for both the orthosteric and the predicted allosteric site against a curated database of human tested molecules. Considering the binding affinity and predicted blood‐brain barrier permeability and gastrointestinal absorption, we selected atovaquone and piperaquine as orthosteric and allosteric PCs. The PCs were evaluated by their capacity to bind NAGLU and the ability to restore the enzymatic activity in human MPS IIIB fibroblasts These results represent novel PCs described for MPS IIIB and demonstrate the potential to develop novel therapeutic alternatives for this and other protein deficiency diseases
Lysophosphatidylcholine induces oxidative stress and calcium‐mediated cell death in human blood platelets
Authors: Yadav Pooja , Beura Samir K. , Panigrahi Abhishek R. , Kulkarni Paresh P. , Yadav Mithlesh K. , Munshi Anjana , Singh Sunil K.
Published: June 2024

Platelets are essential component of circulation that plays a major role in hemostasis and thrombosis. During activation and its demise, platelets release platelet‐derived microvesicles, with lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) being a prominent component in their lipid composition. LPC, an oxidized low‐density lipoprotein, is involved in cellular metabolism, but its higher level is implicated in pathologies like atherosclerosis, diabetes, and inflammatory disorders. Despite this, its impact on platelet function remains relatively unexplored. To address this, we studied LPC's effects on washed human platelets. A multimode plate reader was employed to measure reactive oxygen species and intracellular calcium using H2DCF‐DA and Fluo‐4‐AM, respectively. Flow cytometry was utilized to measure phosphatidylserine expression, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) formation using FITC‐Annexin V, JC‐1, and CoCl2/calcein‐AM, respectively. Additionally, platelet morphology and its ultrastructure were observed via phase contrast and electron microscopy. Sonoclot and light transmission aggregometry were employed to examine fibrin formation and platelet aggregation, respectively. The findings demonstrate that LPC induced oxidative stress and increased intracellular calcium in platelets, resulting in increased phosphatidylserine expression and reduced ΔΨm. LPC triggered caspase‐independent platelet death and mPTP opening via cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium, along with microvesiculation and reduced platelet counts. LPC increased the platelet's size, adopting a balloon‐shaped morphology, causing membrane fragmentation and releasing its cellular contents, while inducing a pro‐coagulant phenotype with increased fibrin formation and reduced integrin αIIbβ3 activation. Conclusively, this study reveals LPC‐induced oxidative stress and calcium‐mediated platelet death, necrotic in nature with pro‐coagulant properties, potentially impacting inflammation and repair mechanisms during vascular injury.
Modernize the academic medical center through innovation career pathways
Authors: Kemp Joshua
Published: June 2024

An academic medical center (AMC) is a hospital system that is organizationally and administratively integrated with an academic institution to achieve a tripartite mission: train the healthcare workforce, conduct clinical research, and deliver high‐quality patient care. The mission and value of AMCs has made them a core element of the healthcare system in the United States, and has afforded AMCs relative stability against industry turbulence over the years. However, a new era of care transformation characterized by increased demand for accessibility, convenience, and affordability is challenging that stability. Evolving patient needs and preferences are creating a new value equation in the U.S. healthcare system, which may shrink the viable market for AMCs that fail to modernize all aspects of their tripartite mission. New market entrants and existing competitors that embrace innovation will soon out‐pace AMCs that lack the innovation infrastructure to create new clinical capabilities, enhance patient experiences, optimize cost structures, and seize on emerging revenue opportunities.
Nitrophenol Reduction with Silver Oxide Nanostructures as a Sustainable Approach to Environmental Remediation
Authors: Ivan Jebakumar D. S. , Robinson Richard V. , Subramanian T. , Rajakani V.
Published: June 2024

We propose silver oxide as a cost‐effective and sustainable alternative to noble metals for the catalytic reduction of nitroaromatics. In the present investigation, we adopt a facile and green synthetic route for the synthesis of silver oxide nanostructures. The prepared nanostructures were found to crystallize in the cuprite phase and exhibit absorbance across the entire visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The catalytic potential of the silver oxide was evaluated by following the kinetics of nitrophenol reduction under ambient conditions and is observed to follow pseudo‐first order kinetics with the apparent rate constant
s−1 at minimum concentration of the catalyst. We attribute the observed catalytic activity to the freshly generated catalytic surface featuring a partially reduced form of silver oxide during reaction. The findings highlight the efficacy of silver oxide in mitigating the environmental pollution originating from the recalcitrant nitroarenes.
A General Protocol toward Oxindoles Bearing C3‐Allylic Quaternary Stereocenter via Domino Reaction: A Concise Synthesis of Heterocycle‐Fused Indoline Alkaloids
Authors: Yang Hanxiao , Fan Ruoqian , Wen Daheng , Fan Mengmeng , Fang Weiwei
Published: June 2024

Comprehensive Summary

An efficiently catalytic method toward the synthesis of indolin‐2‐ones featuring an allylic derived C3‐quaternary stereocenter via an intramolecular Heck cyclization/Suzuki coupling of N‐substituted‐N‐(2‐bromophenyl)acrylamides and organoboron reagents was successfully developed by using a 1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)acenaphthoimidazol‐2‐ylidene (AnIPr)‐ligated oxazoline palladacycle. It enabled a very broad substrate scope tolerating different functional groups, electronic properties and steric bulkiness. Notably, it revealed a great potential to build diverse heterocycle‐fused indoline alkaloids via the same intermediate 3‐allyl‐1,3‐dimethylindolin‐2‐ one.
Intermediate Intercluster Bond Orders. Electronic Communication in Au38(SR)24 Superatomic Molecules
Authors: Rodríguez‐Kessler Peter L. , Muñoz‐Castro Alvaro
Published: June 2024

Ligand‐protected gold clusters remain potential building blocks for envisaged molecular materials. The archetypal Au38(SR)24 cluster can be viewed as a robust template for the fusion of two Au25(SR)18− cluster units, retaining a bi‐icosahedral Au23 core. Via electrochemical properties, the overall charge state can be selectively tuned, enabling the access of 14 valence electron (ve) species featuring a single intercluster bond and nearby charge from −1 to +3, achieving related species bearing 15‐ to 11‐ve with variable intercluster bond orders. Here, we explore the characteristics of intermediate intercluster bond orders in order to provide insights into the plausible electron communication between the constituent building blocks, with Au38(SR)24, as a representative template. Our results denote a small structural variation along −1 to +3 charge states, provided by the core‐protecting ligand interaction, which is enhanced towards more oxidized species. The remaining unpaired electron from intermediate intercluster bond orders of 1.5 for Au38(SR)241−, 1.5 for Au38(SR)241+, and 2.5 for Au38(SR)243+, holds delocalized characteristics between the building block units, favoring electron communication for conductive and cooperative cluster aggregates. Such features are relevant for the formation of molecular electronic device applications, favoring the rationalization prior to engaging in explorative synthesis of larger ligand‐protected cluster aggregates.
Quantification of the Donor‐Acceptor Character of Ligands by the Effective Fragment Orbitals
Authors: Comas‐Vilà Gerard , Salvador Pedro
Published: June 2024

Metal‐ligand interactions are at the heart of transition metal complexes. The Dewar‐Chat‐Duncanson model is often invoked, whereby the metal‐ligand bonding is decomposed into the simultaneous ligand→metal electron donation and the metal→ligand back‐donation. The separate quantification of both effects is not a trivial task, neither from experimental nor computational exercises. In this work we present the effective fragment orbitals (EFOs) and their occupations as a general procedure beyond the Kohn‐Sham density functional theory (KS‐DFT) framework for the identification and quantification of donor‐acceptor interactions, using solely the wavefunction of the complex. Using a common Fe(II) octahedral complex framework, we quantify the σ‐donor, π‐donor, and π‐acceptor character for a large and chemically diverse set of ligands, by introducing the respective descriptors σd, πd, and πa. We also explore the effect of the metal size, coordination number, and spin state on the donor/acceptor features. The spin‐state is shown to be the most critical effect, inducing a systematic decrease of the sigma donation and π‐backdonation going from low spin to high spin. Finally, we illustrate the ability of the EFOs to rationalize the Tolman electronic parameter and the trans influence in planar square complexes in terms of these new descriptors.
Purification of Adeno‐Associated Viral Vector Serotype 9 Using Ceramic Hydroxyapatite Chromatography and its Analysis
Authors: Kurosawa Yae , Tsunekawa Yuji , Wada Mikako , Aizen Yuko , Nitahara‐Kasahara Yuko , Okada Takashi
Published: June 2024

Adeno‐associated virus (AAV) vectors can efficiently transduce exogenous genes into various tissues in vivo. Owing to their convenience, high efficiency, long‐term stable gene expression, and minimal side effects, AAV vectors have become one of the gold standards for investigating gene functions in vivo, especially in non‐clinical studies. However, challenges persist in efficiently preparing a substantial quantity of high‐quality AAV vectors. Commercial AAV vectors are typically associated with high costs. Further, in‐laboratory production is hindered by the lack of specific laboratory equipment, such as ultracentrifuges. Therefore, a simple, quick, and scalable preparation method for AAV vectors is needed for proof‐of‐concept experiments. Herein, we present an optimized method for producing and purifying high‐quality AAV serotype 9 (AAV9) vectors using standard laboratory equipment and chromatography. Using ceramic hydroxyapatite as a mixed‐mode chromatography medium can markedly increase the quality of purified AAV vectors. Basic Protocols and optional methods for evaluating purified AAV vectors are also described. © 2024 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Production of AAV9 vectors in 293EB cells

Basic Protocol 2: Concentration and buffer exchange of AAV9 vectors from 293EB cell culture supernatants using tangential flow filtration

Basic Protocol 3: Purification of AAV9 vectors from TFF samples using ceramic hydroxyapatite chromatography

Basic Protocol 4: Analysis of the purified AAV9 vectors
Structure, Characterizations, Photocurrent Response, and Theoretical Study of One Chained Hybrid Iodoplumbate
Authors: Xie Shuyue , Wu Jinting , Li Baohan , Liu Huicong , Wang Hao , Li Jun , Zhang Bo
Published: June 2024

Exploring new haloplumbate hybrids and understanding the structure‐activity relationships are of great significance for further promoting their applications in the photovoltaic fields. Herein, with the in situ‐formed [Hmd]+ (md = 2‐methyl‐1,3‐diazinane) templates, a new organic–inorganic hybrid iodoplumbate, namely [Hmd]PbI3 (1), is successfully constructed and then structurally characterized using multiple technical approaches. X‐ray crystallography studies show that compound 1 features the typical 1D chain‐like motifs of [Pb2I6]n2n−, generating the 3D supermolecular network by the extensive hydrogen bond interactions. Interestingly, compound 1 exhibits the semiconductive behavior, with an optical band gap of 2.72 eV. More attractively, the title compound has good photoelectric switching performances under the alternating light irradiation, whose photocurrent densities compete well with or surpass those of many metal halide counterparts. Further theoretical analyses reveal that the title compound has a more dispersive band structure (especially the value band) that facilitates the transport of charge carriers, which may be the main origin of its excellent optoelectronic performance. Presented in this paper also bring the studies of Hirshfeld surface, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as well as thermogravimetric analysis.
Two‐Dimensional Copper‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework for Efficient Removal of Methylene Blue from Wastewater
Authors: Li Shixiong , Huang Lanci , Guo Wei , Feng Xiaojing , Cao Yuzheng , Liao Beiling
Published: June 2024

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) can effectively remove methylene blue (MB) from wastewater due to their abundant adsorption sites and multi‐level pores. In this paper, a copper‐based MOF: {[Cu ⋅ (L) ⋅ (H2O)] ⋅ (DMF)}n (1) (H2L=2‐hydroxyterephthalic acid; DMF=N,N‐dimethylformamide), was synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis method. X‐ray single crystal diffraction showed that a two‐dimensional structure was formed by the carboxyl group of L2− in 1 took μ2‐η1 : η1 bridged two adjacent Cu(II). In this two‐dimensional structure, the coordinated water molecules and hydroxyl group on L2− were distributed on the surface of 1. Thus, it had abundant adsorption sites. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of copper‐based MOF nano adsorbent showed that the particle diameter of the nano adsorbent prepared by a cell fragmentation apparatus was about 50 nm. The performance of the copper‐based MOF nano adsorbent in adsorbing MB indicated that the optimal adsorbent dosage was 0.20 g/L and the solution pH was 6. Under the optimal experimental conditions, its maximum adsorption capacity for MB was 143.3 mg/g, which was superior to most MOFs adsorbents. The adsorption thermodynamic analysis showed that the copper‐based MOF nano adsorbent at 25–45 °C was an exothermic (ΔH<0), and spontaneous (ΔG<0) process.
A Cu doped RuO2 catalyst for efficient and durable acidic water oxidation
Authors: Liu Jingyu , Huang Jie , Wang Xi‐ao , Zhang Xiaoyan , Zhang Lixue
Published: June 2024

Producing hydrogen by water electrolysis in acidic system is essential for advancing the proton‐exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) and maintaining the global sustainability. However, excavating highly active and durable catalysts for anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acid medium remains a great challenge due to the sluggish kinetics of OER and the severe catalyst dissolution. In this work, we developed a Cu doped RuO2 catalyst (Cu‐RuO2@CP) through simple drop casting and low temperature pyrolysis procedures. The incorporation of Cu into RuO2 executes complicated responsibilities: improving OER activity by raising more oxygen vacancies and accelerating the charge transfer between solid‐liquid interface; strengthening the long‐term durability via suppressing the over‐oxidation of RuO2 into soluble RuO4; lowering the catalyst cost by replacing with less expensive Cu. Hence, the Cu‐RuO2@CP exhibits excellent activity and stability in 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte, requiring a low overpotential of 200 mV to achieve 10 mA cm−2 and preserving stability for almost 500 h. Moreover, the overpotential is as low as 397 mV even when operating under an industrial‐level current density of 1000 mA cm−2, paving a new way to develop high performance OER electrocatalyst in acidic environment to promote the large‐scale utilization of PEMWE.
Identification of Collision Simplified Model Parameters for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Guang , Yang Yujie , Jing Guoxi , Li Guo , Hu Botao
Published: June 2024

The crash analysis of complete electric vehicles demands high accuracy, speed, and modeling flexibility of the crash finite element analysis of single battery and battery packs. Herein, the crash analysis process is optimized using an artificial neural network (ANN) and a genetic algorithm (GA), and according to experimental conditions, working characteristic parameters of a single 18650 lithium‐ion battery, such as state of charge value and discharge mode are examined. It is combined with the beam elements of a simplified model of a five‐layer single 18650 battery, and the mechanical characteristic parameters are identified. The process comprises two parts: prediction of the mechanical properties of the battery cell from the operating characteristics of the single 18650 battery and the rapid solution of the simplified mechanical parameters of the beam elements from the mechanical properties of the battery. The accuracy of the prediction results of the ANN model reaches over 97%, and the fit between the simulation results of the GA identification parameters and the experimental results reaches over 95%. The identification parameters can make quick responses to the experimental results under different working conditions, which ground the application of the simplified beam element model in the battery packs.
Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd. leaves aqueous extract inhibits learning and memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease rats: Involvement of the SIRT6/NLRP3 signaling pathway
Authors: Wu Wendan , Yan You , Yi Tingting , Wei Yu , Gao Jianmei , Gong Qihai
Published: June 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative condition that is influenced by multiple factors along with neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Our previous study proved that Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd. aqueous extract (sweet tea aqueous extract, STAE) effectively inhibits hydrogen peroxide‐induced neuronal cell injury. However, it is not clear whether STAE can protect against AD, and its underlying mechanisms are still uncertain. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the possible behavioral and neurochemical effects of STAE on Aβ25‐35‐induced AD rats administered STAE (20, 40, 80 mg/mL) for 14 days. We showed that STAE administration significantly and dose‐dependently ameliorated the cognitive deficits in the AD rat models, assessed in the Morris water maze (MWM) test, Y‐maze test, and novel object recognition (NOR) test. The results of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Nissl staining showed that after treatment with STAE, the pathological damage to the hippocampal CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG) neurons of rats was significantly improved. Furthermore, STAE dose‐dependently inhibited microglia and astrocyte activation in the hippocampus of rats accompanied by increased protein expression of silent mating‐type information regulation 2 homolog 6 (SIRT6) and decreased protein expression of nod‐like receptor thermal protein domain‐associated protein 3 (NLRP3) and its downstream pyroptosis‐related genes after following Aβ25‐35. In summary, our findings indicate that STAE effectively inhibits Aβ25‐35‐induced learning and memory impairment in rats, and the mechanism is, at least partially, related to the regulation of SIRT6/NLRP3 signaling pathway.