bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Income or Job Loss and Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ringlein Grace V. , Ettman Catherine K. , Stuart Elizabeth A.
Published: July 2024

Importance

Given the expiration of expanded unemployment and other benefits during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to understand the association between pandemic income or job loss and long-term implications on mental health.

Objective

To evaluate the association between income or job loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic and later psychological distress.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used 5 waves of nationally representative, longitudinal survey data (September 16, 2019, through September 18, 2022) from the Pew Research Center’s American Trends Panel. Doubly robust propensity score–weighted quasi-Poisson models were used to estimate the association of self or household income or job loss during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic with later psychological distress, while controlling for pre–income loss characteristics (demographics, finances, and psychological distress). The study sample comprised US working-age adults (aged 18-64 years) who had not experienced income or job loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic by March 24, 2020.

Exposure

Participant-reported self or household income or job loss (ie, reduced hours or demand for work) due to the COVID19 pandemic between March 24, 2020, and August 16, 2020.

Main Outcome and Measures

Psychological distress was measured using a composite scale of 0 to 15 based on participants’ reported frequency of feeling depressed, on edge, sleepless, lonely, and hopeless in the past week in March 2020, February 2021, and September 2022.

Results

Of 1392 working-age adults (survey weighted 52.7% male and 47.7% aged 30-49 years) who had not reported income or job loss before March 24, 2020, a survey weighted 35.7% reported job or income loss between March 24 and August 16, 2020. Early-phase pandemic income or job loss was associated with higher distress in February 2021 (estimated ratio, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01-1.18; P = .03) and September 2022 (estimated ratio, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02-1.22; P = .02) among participants who experienced job or income loss between March 24 and August 16, 2020, compared with the propensity score–weighted mean in the group who did not experience income loss.

Conclusions and Relevance

These small but significant within-person associations between early-phase pandemic household income or job loss and psychological distress up to 29 months later suggest that policies are needed to support people with income or job loss to help mitigate the long-term adverse mental health outcomes of economic disruption.
The role of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 2 in osteoblastic differentiation of C2C12 cells
Authors: Tabe Shirou , Hikiji Hisako , Hashidate‐Yoshida Tomomi , Shindou Hideo , Shimizu Takao , Tominaga Kazuhiro
Published: July 2024

Glycerophospholipids, a primary component of cellular membranes, play important structural and functional roles in cells. In the remodelling pathway (Lands' cycle), the concerted actions of phospholipase As and lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs) contribute to the incorporation of diverse fatty acids in glycerophospholipids in an asymmetric manner, which differ between cell types. In this study, the role of LPLATs in osteoblastic differentiation of C2C12 cells was investigated. Gene and protein expression levels of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 2 (LPCAT2), one of the LPLATs, increased during osteoblastic differentiation in C2C12 cells. LPCAT2 knockdown in C2C12 cells downregulated the expression of osteoblastic differentiation markers and the number and size of lipid droplets (LDs) and suppressed the phosphorylation of Smad1/5/9. In addition, LPCAT2 knockdown inhibited Snail1 and the downstream target of Runx2 and vitamin D receptor (VDR). These results suggest that LPCAT2 modulates osteoblastic differentiation in C2C12 cells through the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/Smad signalling pathway.
A quantitative analysis of the improvement provided by comprehensive annotation on CT lesion detection using deep learning
Authors: Ma Jingchen , Yoon Jin H. , Lu Lin , Yang Hao , Guo Pingzhen , Yang Dawei , Li Jing , Shen Jingxian , Schwartz Lawrence H. , Zhao Binsheng
Published: July 2024

Background

Data collected from hospitals are usually partially annotated by radiologists due to time constraints. Developing and evaluating deep learning models on these data may result in over or under estimation

Purpose

We aimed to quantitatively investigate how the percentage of annotated lesions in CT images will influence the performance of universal lesion detection (ULD) algorithms.

Methods

We trained a multi‐view feature pyramid network with position‐aware attention (MVP‐Net) to perform ULD. Three versions of the DeepLesion dataset were created for training MVP‐Net. Original DeepLesion Dataset (OriginalDL) is the publicly available, widely studied DeepLesion dataset that includes 32 735 lesions in 4427 patients which were partially labeled during routine clinical practice. Enriched DeepLesion Dataset (EnrichedDL) is an enhanced dataset that features fully labeled at one or more time points for 4145 patients with 34 317 lesions. UnionDL is the union of the OriginalDL and EnrichedDL with 54 510 labeled lesions in 4427 patients. Each dataset was used separately to train MVP‐Net, resulting in the following models: OriginalCNN (replicating the original result), EnrichedCNN (testing the effect of increased annotation), and UnionCNN (featuring the greatest number of annotations).

Results

Although the reported mean sensitivity of OriginalCNN was 84.3% using the OriginalDL testing set, the performance fell sharply when tested on the EnrichedDL testing set, yielding mean sensitivities of 56.1%, 66.0%, and 67.8% for OriginalCNN, EnrichedCNN, and UnionCNN, respectively. We also found that increasing the percentage of annotated lesions in the training set increased sensitivity, but the margin of increase in performance gradually diminished according to the power law.

Conclusions

We expanded and improved the existing DeepLesion dataset by annotating additional 21 775 lesions, and we demonstrated that using fully labeled CT images avoided overestimation of MVP‐Net's performance while increasing the algorithm's sensitivity, which may have a huge impact to the future CT lesion detection research. The annotated lesions are at https://github.com/ComputationalImageAnalysisLab/DeepLesionData.
Verbal cues in omission lies: The effect of informing sources about the essential part of the event
Authors: Leal Sharon , Vrij Aldert , Deeb Haneen , Fisher Ronald P.
Published: July 2024

People sometimes lie by omitting information. The information lie tellers then report could be entirely truthful. We examined whether the truthful information that lie tellers report in omission lies contains verbal cues indicating that the person is lying. We made a distinction between (i) essential information (events surrounding the omission) and non‐essential information (the rest); and (ii) made a distinction between informing or not informing participants about the key event they witnessed. Participants followed a target person. Truth tellers reported all activities truthfully; lie tellers omitted the key event. Participants were or were not informed what this key event was. In the analyses we discarded the information truth tellers reported about the key event lie tellers omitted. Truth tellers reported more external and contextual details, more complications and fewer common knowledge details and self‐handicapping strategies than lie tellers, but only when discussing essential information. Being informed had no effect.
Secure dynamic‐event‐based filtering for descriptor nonhomogeneous Markovian jump cyber‐physical systems against hybrid cyber‐attacks
Authors: Wang Yanqian , Zhang Shuyu , Zhuang Guangming , Shao Mingwei
Published: July 2024

In this article, the issue of resilient filtering for descriptor nonhomogeneous Markovian jump cyber‐physical systems under hybrid cyber‐attacks has been studied. First, occurrences of both deception attacks and replay attacks are modeled as two mutually independent Bernoulli distributed random variables. To depress the ratio of sampled data transmissions over the network, the dynamic version of event‐triggered transmission policy is properly proposed. Then, criteria of stochastically admissible for the filtering error systems guaranteeing mixed and passive performance are addressed via linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The gains of resilient filter and the dynamic event‐based transmission policy can be simultaneously gained by optimizing the LMIs. Finally, two examples that include a numerical example and a direct current motor system are provided to testify the feasibility and effectiveness of the developed technique.
Surface Functionalization of Novel Work‐Hardening Multi‐Principal‐Element Alloys by Ultrasonic Assisted Milling
Authors: Preuß Bianca , Lindner Thomas , Hanisch Niclas , Giese Marcel , Schröpfer Dirk , Richter Tim , Rhode Michael , Lampke Thomas
Published: July 2024

The development of multi‐principal‐element alloys (MPEAs) with unique characteristics such as high work hardening capacity similar to well‐known alloy systems like Hadfield steel X120Mn12 (ASTM A128) is a promising approach. Hence, by exploiting the core effects of MPEAs, the application range of conventional alloy systems can be extended. In the present study, work‐hardening MPEAs based on the equimolar composition CoFeNi are developed. Mn and C are alloyed in the same ratio as for X120Mn12. The production route consists of cast manufacturing by an electric arc furnace and surface functionalization via mechanical finishing using ultrasonic‐assisted milling (USAM) to initiate work hardening. The microstructure evolution, the hardness as well as the resulting oscillating wear resistance are detected. A pronounced lattice strain and grain refinement due to the plastic deformation during the USAM is recorded for the MPEA CoFeNi‐Mn12C1.2. Consequently, hardness increases by ≈380 HV0.025 in combination with a higher oscillating wear resistance compared to the X120Mn12. This shows the promising approach for developing work‐hardening alloys based on novel alloy concepts such as MPEAs.
A N‐Cadherin Nano‐Antagonist Hydrogel Enhances Recovery From Spinal Cord Injury by Impeding Glial Scarring
Authors: Liu Qiuling , Peng Sufen , Tang Qiao , Li Can , Chen Jiayi , Pang Peng , Liu Wen , Zhou Xiaoyan , Cai Xianlong , Lin Hongsheng , Xue Wei , Ji Xin , Ji Zhisheng
Published: July 2024

The role of glial scars in the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI) is widely recognized, as they pose physical barriers against axonal regeneration and persistent chronic inflammation by releasing cytotoxic agents, thereby impeding nerve repair. Consequently, preventing glial scarring has emerged as an important therapeutic objective in SCI management. Following SCI, astrocytes undergo a phenotypic transition into scar‐forming astrocytes, which critically depends on the activation of inflammatory responses and the integrin‐N‐cadherin pathway. To explore improved SCI treatment, a nano‐antagonist hydrogel (Nano‐ant Gel), comprising N‐cadherin nano‐antagonists and a polyphenol hydrogel designed to inhibit glial scarring by mitigating inflammatory response and modulating astrocyte behavior, thereby facilitating spinal cord‐injury repair, is developed and characterized. The hydrogel exhibits notable anti‐inflammatory properties, specific calcium ion‐adsorption capabilities, and antagonistic effects against N‐cadherin, effectively impeding the formation and aggregation of scar‐forming astrocytes. Its efficacy is comprehensively assessed using a model of contusive SCI, with which it effectively inhibits glial scar formation and promotes axonal regeneration. Notably, the Nano‐ant Gel significantly improves the locomotor functions of mice with SCI, suggesting that it represents a promising approach for treating the condition.
Design of High‐Entropy Relaxor Ferroelectrics for Comprehensive Energy Storage Enhancement
Authors: Yang Bingbing , Liu Yiqian , Gong Chengzhuan , Lan Shun , Zhou Zhifang , Zhu Xuebin , Nan Ce‐Wen , Lin Yuan‐Hua
Published: July 2024

For an ideal electrostatic energy storage dielectric capacitor, the pursuit of simultaneously high energy density and efficiency presents a formidable challenge. Typically, under an applied electric field, an increase in energy density is usually accompanied with a deteriorated energy storage efficiency due to the escalated hysteretic loss, which is harmful to the reliability of the capacitor. Thus, a well‐balanced performance of improved energy density and maintained high efficiency is highly demanded. In this work, a structure with amorphous phases embedded in polycrystalline nanograins using the entropy tactic, leading to a higher transport barrier of carrier is constructed. Hence, the hysteretic loss is largely suppressed at a high electric field and the high polarization is still sustained in the high‐entropy film. Consequently, an ultrahigh energy density of 139.5 J cm−3 with a high efficiency of 87.9%, and a high figure of merit of 1153 are simultaneously achieved in the high‐entropy Ba2Bi4Ti5O18‐based relaxor ferroelectric. This work offers a promising avenue in materials structure design for advanced high‐power energy storage applications.
Nickel Single‐Atoms Modified Organic Anodes with Enhanced Reaction Kinetics for Stable Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Yong , Zhu Aoyang , Peng Guodong , He Jun , Jia Dedong , Qiu Jieshan , He Xiaojun
Published: July 2024

The redox‐active organic compounds including potassium 1,1′‐biphenyl‐4,4′‐dicarboxylate (K‐BPDC) are attracting considerable attention as anodes for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). Nevertheless, the practical applications of K‐BPDC organic anodes are severely hindered by short cycle life due to their relatively sluggish redox kinetics and instability. In this work, Ni single atoms (up to 6 wt.%) are implanted into K‐BPDC (NiSA@K‐BPDC) by using an electrochemical‐induced reconstruction (EIR) strategy to enhance the reaction kinetics and stability of PIBs. During the EIR process, Ni‐based metal‐organic framework (Ni‐BPDC) is in situ reconstructed into K‐BPDC by replacing Ni2+ with K+ to make the rest nickel species exist in the form of single atoms in K‐BPDC. By kinetic analysis and theoretical calculations, it is uncovered that the Ni single atoms supported on K‐BPDC efficiently redistribute the local charge of K‐BPDC to accelerate the K+ transport rate, and thermodynamically reduce the redox energy barrier. As a result, the NiSA@K‐BPDC anode exhibits outstanding cycle stability with 88.5% capacity retention during 4000 cycles at 1 A g−1 and an excellent rate capability (114 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1). This study opens up a new door to the design of organic anodes with single atoms for high‐performance PIBs.
Controlled solid‐state Phase Transition of Formamidinium Dominated Perovskite Layers Fabricated Through Magnetron Sputtering for Photovoltaics
Authors: Gao Bo , Zuo Zhuang , Hu Jing , Jin Leyang , Qi Qi , Peng Zongyang , Hou Shaocong , Fu Yongping , Zou Dechun
Published: July 2024

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) have demonstrated the highest power conversion efficiencies. Typically fabricated through solution‐processing, FAPbI3 films necessitate intricate crystallization control to avoid the formation of a more stable non‐perovskite phase. Magnetron sputtering, an effective solvent‐free technique, has gained attention for producing large‐area perovskite films. Here, a novel approach to create high‐quality FAPbI3‐based perovskite thin films by employing magnetron sputtering is presented. Specifically, a mechanosynthesized blend of (FA1‐xMAx)Pb(I1‐xBrx)3 (MA = methylammonium) is used as a single‐source target for sputtering, and a post‐annealing transforms various phases in the initial deposited film into coherent FAPbI3‐based films with an ultra‐long and controlled crystallization process. Despite minimal residual MABr after post‐annealing, its presence is crucial in the formation of perovskite film, as evidenced by a distinct solid‐state phase transformation process is presented. A comprehensive investigation of the films' structural, compositional, and optical properties, with respect to varying MABr doping ratios, reveals details of perovskite phase development and the pivotal influence of MABr. PSCs fabricated with the optimized films display a substantial increase in the power conversion efficiency, reaching 20.1%. These results underscore the potential of combining magnetron sputtering and post‐annealing in the scalable production of high‐efficiency PSCs.
Electrohydrodynamic Printing of Biodegradable PLGA Micro‐Patterns on 3D Polymer Structures
Authors: Seo IlHo , Hassan Rizwan Ul , Ryu Byeongseok , Koh Won‐Gun , Ryu WonHyoung
Published: July 2024

Biodegradable polymers such as polylactic‐co‐glycolic acids (PLGA) are used for various implantable devices such as tissue scaffolds, drug delivery devices, and biosensors in different forms. However, high‐resolution patterning of biodegradable polymers on implantable devices has not been explored much yet. While electrohydrodynamic printing (EHD) can achieve high‐resolution printing compared to other printing methods, EHD printing of PLGA solutions is rarely attempted due to unstable printing. Such printing instability originates from the volatile nature of PLGA inks, and it causes nozzle clogging or change of ink conditions during printing. Here, PLGA ink formulation and a voltage input profile are studied for stable and high‐resolution EHD printing. Addition of glycerol at an optimal ratio as well as the control of voltage pulse shape strongly influenced both the stability and resolution of EHD printing of PLGA patterns. With the optimized inks and voltage inputs, stable printing of PLGA micropatterns down to 5 µm is achieved on both conductive and insulating surfaces for controlled drug release. Furthermore, use of a ring type electrode allows for EHD printing of PLGA micropatterns on 3D surfaces of PLLA tubes and stent struts.
High Performance Magnetic Mass‐Enhanced Triboelectric‐Electromagnetic Hybrid Vibration Energy Harvester Enabling Totally Self‐Powered Long‐Distance Wireless Sensing
Authors: Xi Ziyue , Yu Hongyong , Du Hengxu , Yang Hengyi , Wang Yawei , Guan Mengyuan , Wang Zhaoyang , Wang Hao , Du Taili , Xu Minyi
Published: July 2024

Wireless sensor networks play a significant role in various fields, and it is promising to construct a totally self‐powered wireless sensor network by harvesting unused mechanical vibration energy. Here, a magnetic mass‐enhanced triboelectric‐electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator (MM‐HNG) is proposed for harvesting mechanical vibration energy. The additional magnets generate magnetic fields for electromagnetic power generation. As an additional mass effectively increases the membrane's amplitude, thereby enhancing the output performance of the MM‐HNG. The peak power density of TENG in the MM‐HNG reaches 380.4 W m−3, while the peak power density of EMG achieves 736 W m−3, which can charge a 0.1 F capacitor rapidly. In addition, a totally self‐powered wireless sensing system is constructed, with the integrated microcontroller unit (MCU), which detects and processes various sensing parameters and controls wireless transmission. The system features rapid transmission speeds and an extensive transmission range (up to 1 km), and its effectiveness has been validated in a practical application aboard an actual ship. The results illustrate the MM‐HNG's broad applicability across various Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios, including smart machinery, smart transportation, and smart factories.
Polymerized Carbon Dots with Broad Emission and Suppressed Aggregation‐Caused Quenching Effect Toward Electroluminescent White Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Zhang Danyang , Pan Tingyu , Wang Jingyu , Sun Yitong , Ren Guozhu , Wang Qingxia , Zhou Shihong , Tian Long , Zhang Rui , Zhou Liang
Published: July 2024

Carbon dots (CDs) possess intrinsically broad emission spectra, making them suitable for modulating high‐quality white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs). However, the chief technical challenge in applying CDs to WLEDs is the aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) effect. A common solution is polymer post‐modification on the surface of CDs, which is a low‐yield, hard‐to‐purified, and complicated process. Herein, polymerized CDs with broad emission (full width at half maxima, FWHM = 187 nm) are synthesized via a one‐step solvothermal method. The obtained polymerized CDs display excellent solution‐processed and film‐forming capabilities, with absolute photoluminescence quantum yield as high as 4.7% in thin film state, creating a firm foundation for assembling solution‐processed WLEDs. Moreover, the polymerization steps of CDs are analyzed and described in detail. The polymer chains prevent ACQ and create new energy levels, resulting in the broad emission of CDs in an aggregated state. Subsequently, WLEDs are fabricated using polymerized CDs as the single active emitting material. The optimal device achieves the maximum brightness of 337.50 cd m−2 and FWHM of 242 nm, covering nearly the entire visible spectral window. The results present a new approach to obtaining polymerized CDs and further fabricating WLED with a straightforward, cost‐effective method.
Photothermally Reconfigurable Biomimetic Photonic Structures Prepared via Crystallization of Polydopamine‐Incorporated Core–Shell Nanoparticles
Authors: Oh Chi Yeung , Kim Jong Sik , Shim Tae Soup
Published: July 2024

Some creatures have periodic nanostructures and chromophores in their flexible organs that allow them to control the color and shape of their skin. Artificial photonic structures that can mimic the aforementioned ability of these natural structures are researched extensively. In this study, polydopamine‐incorporated core–interlayer–shell (CIS‐PDA) nanoparticles capable of shape reconfiguration and expressing vivid structural colors are designed. These nanoparticles can be readily assembled to produce colloidal photonic crystals (CPhCs) and can exhibit vivid structural colors by virtue of their light‐absorbing capability. Soft CPhC films prepared with these nanoparticles undergo stable elastic deformation at 15% strain and exhibit mechanochromic properties. Specifically, the PDA in the CIS nanoparticles can absorb broadband light and exhibit a photothermal effect resembling that of melanosomes in living organisms, which enables self‐healing between multiple CPhC films. Due to their favorable properties, the CPhC films prepared in this study represent promising photothermally reconfigurable photonic materials. Moreover, arbitrarily shaped 2D or 3D surfaces are conformally coated with the films via microimprinting or vacuum wrapping, courtesy of the reconfigurability of these films. These findings suggest that CPhC films prepared with CIS‐PDA nanoparticles can be used as form‐free mechanochromic strain sensors and nonfading optical films for industrial products.
Emerging Advances of the Radical Pathway Glycosylation Enabled by Bench‐Stable Glycosyl Donors: Glycosyl Sulfoxides, Glycosyl Sulfones, and Glycosyl Sulfinates
Authors: Dubey Shashiprabha , Azeem Zanjila , Mandal Pintu Kumar
Published: July 2024

In synthetic carbohydrate chemistry, the modification of glycosyl radicals pathway stands as a central area of focus. The radical‐based reactions often demonstrate remarkable compatibility with various functional groups owing to the mild initiation conditions. In particular, the identification of novel glycosyl radical precursors, combined with advanced reaction techniques, has substantially broadened the scope of glycosyl compound synthesis. Despite the presence of versatile donors, the synthesis of noble donors is still addressed as a synthetic need and challenges associated with sugar chemistry. Currently, a new class of glycosyl radical precursors has been developed which enables the production of C‐, S‐, O‐, and N‐glycosides efficiently. In this light, we highlight strategies towards bench‐stable glycosyl sulfoxides, sulphone, and sulfite donors that can enable the site‐, regio‐ and stereoselective transformation of protected or naked sugar synthons in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry. Here, this review article covers the recent developments in the selective glycosyl radical diversification such as glycosyl alkylation, arylation, alkenylation, sulfuration, C−H activation, and DNA conjugation via the bench‐stable donors along with mechanistic aspects, challenges, and future directions.
Systematic Assessment of Mechanisms, Developments, Innovative Solutions, and Future Perspectives of Microplastics and Ecotoxicity – A Review
Authors: Manikandan S. , Preethi B. , Deena S. R. , Vijayan D. S. , Subbaiya R. , Vickram Sundaram , Karmegam N. , Kim Woong , Govarthanan M.
Published: July 2024

As plastics become more ubiquitous, their impact on the environment and on human health cannot be overlooked. Once generated, micro‐ and nano‐plastics end‐up in the environment, causing widespread health and environmental risks. This is a significant environmental problem given the minuscule sizes of microplastics, and therefore warrants further investigation. This study presents a comprehensive review of the ecotoxicology of microplastics and methods for their degradation and decomposition besides discussing the fate and transport processes, recent progress, emerging strategies, challenges and potential future directions. The authors carefully evaluate the processes through which microplastics cause harm, from molecular interactions in species, to ecological impacts, and end with advances in microplastic biodegradation. Different kinds of microplastics found in the environment include polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polypropylene, and polyethylene terephthalate. Analysis of microbial and enzymatic decomposition provides several swelling mitigation strategies designed to reduce environmental threats. In‐depth investigations of microplastic ecotoxicity and biodegradation are being facilitated by interdisciplinary proposals in the areas of nanotechnology, new analytical methods, and synthetic biology. The extensive study helps understand microplastics comprehensively which in‐turn ensures informed actions to mitigate the challenge of the environmental impact of microplastics for sustainable future.
Amorphous AlPO4 Layer Coating Vacuum Thermal Reduced SiOx with Fine Silicon Grains to Enhance the Anode Stability
Authors: Luan Jingyi , Yuan Hongyan , Liu Jie , Zhao Naiqin , Hu Wenbin , Zhong Cheng
Published: July 2024

Micrometer‐sized silicon monoxide (SiO) is regarded as a high‐capacity anode material with great potential for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). However, the problems of low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE), poor electrical conductivity, and large volume change of SiO inevitably impede further application. Herein, the vacuum thermal reduced SiOx with amorphous AlPO4 and carbon double‐coating layers is used as the ideal anode material in LIBs. The vacuum thermal reduction at low temperature forms fine silicon grains in the internal particles and maintains the external integrity of SiOx particles, contributing to mitigation of the stress intensification and the subsequent design of multifunctional coating. Meanwhile, the innovative introduction of the multifunctional amorphous AlPO4 layer not only improves the ion/electron conduction properties to ensure the fast reversible reaction but also provides a robust protective layer with stable physicochemical characteristics and inhibits the volume expansion effect. The sample of SiOx anode shows an ICE up to 87.6% and a stable cycling of 200 cycles at 1 A g−1 with an initial specific capacity of 1775.8 mAh g−1. In addition, the assembled pouch battery of 1.8 Ah can also ensure a cycling life of over 150 cycles, demonstrating a promising prospect of this optimized micrometer‐sized SiOx anode material for industrial applications.
Adjusting Interface Dynamics: A New Insight into the Role of Electrolyte Additive in Facilitating Highly Reversible (002)‐Textured Zinc Anode at High Current and Areal Densities
Authors: Huang Haijian , Xu Jiawei , Huang Yanan , He Ziyu , Feng Hao , Hu Chengzhi , Chen Zhangxian , Yang Zeheng , Tian Tian , Zhang Weixin
Published: July 2024

Facilitating (002)‐textured zinc growth is crucial for achieving dendrite‐free zinc deposition in zinc‐ion batteries. Electrolyte engineering holds promise in directing zinc electrodeposition toward this desired orientation. However, despite the (002) plane's lower surface energy compared to other facets, it remains unclear why this plane does not dominate zinc crystal faces during electrodeposition under normal conditions. This knowledge gap underscores the need to better understand zinc electrodeposition behaviors and the influence of electrolyte compositions on its crystallographic texture. This study explores different tetraazamacrocycle derivatives as electrolyte additives. It reveals that achieving (002)‐textured zinc deposition is not solely dictated by thermodynamic equilibrium but also significantly influenced by interface dynamics. In typical ZnSO4 electrolytes, imbalanced kinetics among reduction, ion diffusion, and adatom diffusion processes lead to electroconvection and disorderly zinc accumulation, hindering proper zinc growth. In contrast, introducing specific tetraazamacrocycle derivative in the electrolyte regulates reduction rate, enhances limiting current density, and expedites adatom diffusion, mitigating hydrodynamic instability and dendrite growth. This regulation restores the thermodynamically favorable flat (002)‐textured zinc deposition, extending the zinc anode's lifespan to 1800 h at 5 mA cm−2 and 5 mAh cm−2, enabling the fabrication of a high‐performance zinc ion hybrid capacitor prototype capable of stable operation for 40 000 cycles.
Enhancing Light Utilization Efficiency of Semi‐Transparent Perovskite Solar Cells via Tailored Interfacial Engineering
Authors: Sharma Bhavna , Garai Rabindranath , Afroz Mohammad Adil , Sharma Tejasvini , Choudhary Shivani , Singh Rajiv Kumar , Satapathi Soumitra
Published: July 2024

Semi‐transparent perovskite solar cells (ST‐PSCs) are promising for their application in building integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs). For BIPVs, a light utilization efficiency (LUE) > 2.5 is required which is multiplication of average visible transmittance (AVT) and power conversion efficiency (PCE). Generally, semitransparency is achieved by reducing film thickness which increases AVT but decreases PCE resulting in lower LUE. Here, an interface engineering strategy is employed on a wide bandgap perovskite thin absorber layer to increase PCE and LUE. The study employs three different alkylamine hydrochlorides molecules with varied alkyl chain length, viz., 2‐chloroethylamine‐hydrochloride, 3‐chloropropylamine‐hydrochloride, and 4‐chlorobutyalamine‐hydrochloride at perovskite/electron transport layer (ETL) interface and investigates their effect on perovskite crystallization. Further, it is demonstrated that 4‐chlorobutyalamine‐hydrochloride can strongly interact with perovskite and suppress non‐radiative recombination facilitating charge transport at the perovskite/ETL interface. Devices post‐treated with 4‐chlorobutyalamine‐hydrochloride interfacial layer, demonstrate a higher LUE of 3.45% (PCE 14.11%) and AVT of ≈25% (400–800 nm), with Voc of 1.23 V. Moreover, the unencapsulated devices retain ≈89% of the initial efficiency after storage for 1500 h under a relative humidity of ≈35–40%. This study provides an efficient approach to improve LUE and stability of ST‐PSCs for the application in energy‐efficient smart windows.
Substituent Controlled Tunable Fluorescence from Green to Red and pH Stimuli‐Induced Reversible Fluorescence Switching in Triphenylamine–Quinoxaline Derivatives
Authors: Issac Jerome , Ravi Sasikala , Karthikeyan Subrmanian , Periyasami Govindasami , Moon Dohyun , Philip Anthony Savarimuthu , Madhu Vedichi
Published: July 2024

A series of triphenylamine‐quinoxaline donor‐acceptor (bipolar) compounds (TPA‐QH, TPA‐QMe, TPA‐QCOOH and TPA‐QNO2) with different substituents were synthesized and investigated their fluorescence properties, including stimuli‐induced fluorescence responses in solution and the solid‐state. Single crystal structural analysis revealed non‐planar molecular conformation, substituent controlled intermolecular interactions and molecular packing in the crystal lattice. TPA‐QH, TPA‐QMe, TPA‐QCOOH and TPA‐QNO2 showed tunable solid‐state emission from green to red. TPA‐QH showed strong fluorescence at 487 nm (quantum yield (Φf)=28.3 %) whereas NO2 substituted TPA‐QNO2 exhibited relatively weak fluorescence at 610 nm (Φf=4.3 %). Density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations also indicated reduction of optical bandgap with substituting electron withdrawing group. The donor‐acceptor structure with intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) resulted solvent polarity dependent fluorescence tuning. The presence of acid responsive quinoxaline group was utilized to demonstrate pH‐responsive fluorescence switching and dual state fluorescence was utilized for fabricating rewritable fluorescent platform. Thus, the present study provides a structural insight to develop dual state emissive triphenylamine–quinoxaline based bipolar materials for optoelectronic applications.
A genetic and proteomic comparison of key AD biomarkers across tissues
Authors: Marsh Thomas W. , Western Daniel , Timsina Jigyasha , Gorijala Priyanka , Yang Chengran , Pastor Pau , Liu Menghan , Morris John C. , Bateman Randall J. , Schindler Suzanne E. , Sung Yun Ju ,   Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network, Cruchaga Carlos
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION

Plasma has been proposed as an alternative to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for measuring Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers, but no studies have analyzed in detail which biofluid is more informative for genetics studies of AD.

METHOD

Eleven proteins associated with AD (α‐synuclein, apolipoprotein E [apoE], CLU, GFAP, GRN, NfL, NRGN, SNAP‐25, TREM2, VILIP‐1, YKL‐40) were assessed in plasma (n = 2317) and CSF (n = 3107). Both plasma and CSF genome‐wide association study (GWAS) analyses were performed for each protein, followed by functional annotation. Additional characterization for each biomarker included calculation of correlations and predictive power.

RESULTS

Eighteen plasma protein quantitative train loci (pQTLs) associated with 10 proteins and 16 CSF pQTLs associated with 9 proteins were identified. Plasma and CSF shared some genetic loci, but protein levels between tissues correlated weakly. CSF protein levels better associated with AD compared to plasma.

DISCUSSION

The present results indicate that CSF is more informative than plasma for genetic studies in AD.

Highlights

The identification of novel protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs) in both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Plasma and CSF levels of neurodegeneration‐related proteins correlated weakly.

CSF is more informative than plasma for genetic studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Neurofilament light (NfL), triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), and chitinase‐3‐like protein 1 (YKL‐40) tend to show relatively strong inter‐tissue associations.

A novel signal in the apolipoprotein E (APOE) region was identified, which is an eQTL for APOC1.
Structural Variants at the LMNB1 Locus: Deciphering Pathomechanisms in Autosomal Dominant Adult‐Onset Demyelinating Leukodystrophy
Authors: Dimartino Paola , Zadorozhna Mariia , Yumiceba Verónica , Basile Anna , Cani Ilaria , Melo Uirá Souto , Henck Jana , Breur Marjolein , Tonon Caterina , Lodi Raffaele , Brusco Alfredo , Pippucci Tommaso , Koufi Foteini‐Dionysia , Boschetti Elisa , Ramazzotti Giulia , Manzoli Lucia , Ratti Stefano , Pinto E Vairo Filippo , Delatycki Martin B. , Vaula Giovanna , Cortelli Pietro , Bugiani Marianna , Spielmann Malte , Giorgio Elisa
Published: July 2024

Objective

We aimed to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms underlying autosomal dominant adult‐onset demyelinating leukodystrophy (ADLD), and to understand the genotype/phenotype correlation of structural variants (SVs) in the LMNB1 locus.

Background

Since the discovery of 3D genome architectures and topologically associating domains (TADs), new pathomechanisms have been postulated for SVs, regardless of gene dosage changes. ADLD is a rare genetic disease associated with duplications (classical ADLD) or noncoding deletions (atypical ADLD) in the LMNB1 locus.

Methods

High‐throughput chromosome conformation capture, RNA sequencing, histopathological analyses of postmortem brain tissues, and clinical and neuroradiological investigations were performed.

Results

We collected data from >20 families worldwide carrying SVs in the LMNB1 locus and reported strong clinical variability, even among patients carrying duplications of the entire LMNB1 gene, ranging from classical and atypical ADLD to asymptomatic carriers. We showed that patients with classic ADLD always carried intra‐TAD duplications, resulting in a simple gene dose gain. Atypical ADLD was caused by LMNB1 forebrain‐specific misexpression due to inter‐TAD deletions or duplications. The inter‐TAD duplication, which extends centromerically and crosses the 2 TAD boundaries, did not cause ADLD. Our results provide evidence that astrocytes are key players in ADLD pathology.

Interpretation

Our study sheds light on the 3D genome and TAD structural changes associated with SVs in the LMNB1 locus, and shows that a duplication encompassing LMNB1 is not sufficient per se to diagnose ADLD, thereby strongly affecting genetic counseling. Our study supports breaking TADs as an emerging pathogenic mechanism that should be considered when studying brain diseases. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:855–870
Quantum Heat Engines with Spin‐Chain‐Star Systems
Authors: Alsulami M. D. , Abd‐Rabbou M. Y.
Published: July 2024

This study investigates a theoretical model of a Quantum Otto Cycle (QOC) that utilizes a working fluid spin‐chain‐star model. The system consists of a central atom interacting with multiple Heisenberg spin chains. Employing unitary transformations, the spin‐chain‐star system is transformed into a spin‐star model. The work done and heat transferred for three distinct working fluid configurations: the , , and cases are discussed. The efficiency of the heat engine is examined, and a comparative study between the efficiencies of the three configurations is presented. The study assumes two interaction scenarios for the central atom: either with a single chain (resulting in a two‐qubit system after transformation) or with three Heisenberg chains. The results demonstrate that increasing the ratio between the central atom's frequency in the hot bath and the cold bath leads to an enhancement in positive work performed for the and cases. In the case, the magnitude of this enhancement exhibits a dependence on the system's temperature. The QOC employing the configuration working fluid exhibits superior efficiency compared to the other two configurations. Moreover, increasing the central atom's relative frequency improves efficiency for all three cases.
Durch Licht Aufladbare Mn‐Basierte Metall‐Organische Gerüstverbindungen und Davon Entkoppelte Photokatalyse
Authors: Wu Shufan , Stanley Philip M. , Deger Simon N. , Hussain Mian Zahid , Jentys Andreas , Warnan Julien
Published: July 2024

Die Entwicklung von multifunktionalen Materialien, die die Hell‐Dunkel‐Entkopplung der natürlichen Photosynthese nachahmen, ist eine zentrale Herausforderung im Bereich der Energieumwandlung. In diesem Artikel stellen wir MnBr‐253 vor, eine edelmetallfreie metall‐organische Gerüstverbindung (MOF), die aus Al‐Metallknotenpunkten, Bipyridin Linkern und MnBr(CO)3(Bipyridin)‐Komplexen aufgebaut ist. Bei Bestrahlung zeigen die MnBr‐253 Kolloide eine Elektronen‐Photoladekapazität von ~42 C ⋅ g−1MOF, mit kompetetiver Photoladerate (1.28 C ⋅ s−1 ⋅ g−1MOF) und einer Umwandlungseffizienz von einfallenden Photonen in Elektronen von ~9,4 % bei 450 nm. Spektroskopische und rechnerische Studien belegen eine effektive Elektronenakkumulation an dem Mn‐Komplex, während die hohe Porosität und Mn‐Beladung die bemerkenswerte Elektronenspeicherleistung erklären. Die geladenen MnBr‐253‐Pulver wurden erfolgreich für die Wasserstoffproduktion unter dunklen Bedingungen eingesetzt und damit die vom Licht entkoppelte Reaktivität der Photosynthese nachgeahmt.
Electrochemically Generated Carbocations in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Hawkins Bill C. , Chalker Justin M. , Coote Michelle L. , Bissember Alex C.
Published: July 2024

This Minireview examines a selection of case studies that showcase distinctive and enabling electrochemical approaches that have allowed for the generation and reaction of carbocation intermediates under mild conditions. Particular emphasis is placed on the progress that has been made in this area of organic synthesis and polymer chemistry over the past decade.
C−S‐Selektive Stille‐Kupplung zur Synthese stereodefinierter Alkene
Authors: Jing Jing , Hu Ying , Tian Zhenfeng , Wang Yicheng , Yao Liqin , Qiu Lipeng , Ackermann Lutz , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Li Jie
Published: July 2024

In dieser Arbeit wird eine Palladium‐katalysierte, hochselektive C−S‐Stille‐Kreuzkupplung zwischen Arylthianthreniumsalzen und tri‐ oder tetrasubstituierten Alkenylstannanen präsentiert. Dabei werden Herausforderungen wie die Kontrolle der Positions‐ und Chemoselektivität durch C−H‐Thianthrenierung und C−S‐Alkenylierung erfolgreich gelöst, wodurch ein nützlicher Zugang zu stereodefinierten tri‐ und tetrasubstituierten Alkenen stereoretentiv ermöglicht wird. Die Palladium‐katalysierte Stille‐Alkenylierung von poly(pseudo)halogenierten Arenen zeigt die privilegierte Fähigkeit, C−S‐ über C−I‐, C−Br‐ und C−Cl‐Bindungen sowie Triflate (C−OTf), Tosylate (C−OTs), Carbamate und Sulfamate unter milden Reaktionsbedingungen zu differenzieren. Sequenzielle und mehrfache Kreuzkupplungen durch selektive C−X‐Funktionalisierung sollten bei zunehmender funktioneller Molekülkomplexität breit einsetzbar sein. Der modulare Einbau von stereospezifischen Alken‐Motiven in Pharmazeutika veranschaulicht die synthetische Anwendung in der Arzneimittelforschung.
Chemiexcitation Acceleration of 1,2‐Dioxetanes by Spiro‐Fused Six‐Member Rings with Electron‐Withdrawing Motifs
Authors: David Maya , Leirikh Thomas , Shelef Omri , Gutkin Sara , Kopp Tal , Zhou Qingyang , Ma Pengchen , Fridman Micha , Houk Kendall N. , Shabat Doron
Published: July 2024

The chemiluminescent light‐emission pathway of phenoxy‐1,2‐dioxetane luminophores attracts growing interest within the scientific community. Dioxetane probes undergoing rapid flash‐type chemiexcitation exhibit higher detection sensitivity than those with a slow glow‐type chemiexcitation rate. We discovered that dioxetanes fused to non‐strained six‐member rings, with hetero atoms or inductive electron‐withdrawing groups, present both accelerated chemiexcitation rates and elevated chemical stability compared to dioxetanes fused to four‐member strained rings. DFT computational simulations supported the chemiexcitation acceleration observed by spiro‐fused six‐member rings with inductive electron‐withdrawing groups of dioxetanes. Specifically, a spiro‐dioxetane with a six‐member sulfone ring exhibited a chemiexcitation rate 293‐fold faster than that of spiro‐adamantyl‐dioxetane. A turn‐ON dioxetane probe for the detection of the enzyme β‐galactosidase, containing the six‐member sulfone unit, exhibited a S/N value of 108 in LB cell growth medium. This probe demonstrated a substantial increase in detection sensitivity towards E. coli bacterial cells expressing β‐galactosidase, with an LOD value that is 44‐fold more sensitive than that obtained by the adamantyl counterpart. The accelerated chemiexcitation and the elevated chemical stability presented by dioxetane containing a spiro‐fused six‐member ring with a sulfone inductive electron‐withdrawing group, make it an ideal candidate for designing efficient turn‐on chemiluminescent probes with exceptionally high detection sensitivity.
Porous Organic Cage as an Efficient Platform for Industrial Radioactive Iodine Capture
Authors: Liu Xiongli , Zhang Zhiyuan , Shui Feng , Zhang Shuo , Li Lin , Wang Junhua , Yi Mao , You Zifeng , Yang Shiqi , Yang Rufeng , Wang Shan , Liu Yilian , Zhao Qiao , Li Baiyan , Bu Xian‐He , Ma Shengqian
Published: July 2024

Herein, we firstly develop porous organic cage (POC) as an efficient platform for highly effective radioactive iodine capture under industrial operating conditions (typically ≥150 °C), ≤150 ppmv of I2). Due to the highly dispersed and readily accessible binding sites as well as sufficient accommodating space, the constructed NKPOC‐DT‐(I−) (NKPOC=Nankai porous organic cage) demonstrates a record‐high I2 uptake capacity of 48.35 wt % and extraordinary adsorption capacity of unit ionic site (~1.62) at 150 °C and 150 ppmv of I2. The I2 capacity is 3.5, 1.6, and 1.3 times higher than industrial silver‐based adsorbents Ag@MOR and benchmark materials of TGDM and 4F‐iCOF‐TpBpy‐I− under the same conditions. Furthermore, NKPOC‐DT‐(I−)Me exhibits remarkable adsorption kinetics (k1=0.013 min−1), which is 1.2 and 1.6 times higher than TGDM and 4F‐iCOF‐TpBpy‐I− under the identical conditions. NKPOC‐DT‐(I−)Me thus sets a new benchmark for industrial radioactive I2 adsorbents. This work not only provides a new insight for effectively enhancing the adsorption capacity of unit functional sites, but also advances POC as an efficient platform for radioiodine capture in industry.
Antiferromagnetic Ordering in A One‐Dimensional Organic Copper Chloride Hybrid Insulator
Authors: Islam Md Sazedul , Comstock Andrew , Hua Zhenqi , Thapa Puja , He Yufang , Ben‐Akacha Azza , Liu He , Manny Tarannuma Ferdous , Viera Jarek , Lin Xinsong , Ouyang Bin , Xiong Peng , Sun Dali , Ma Biwu
Published: July 2024

Low dimensional (LD) organic metal halide hybrids (OMHHs) have recently emerged as new generation functional materials with exceptional structural and property tunability. Despite the remarkable advances in the development of LD OMHHs, optical properties have been the major functionality extensively investigated for most of LD OMHHs developed to date, while other properties, such as magnetic and electronic properties, remain significantly under‐explored. Here, we report for the first time the characterization of the magnetic and electronic properties of a 1D OMHH, organic‐copper (II) chloride hybrid (C8H22N2)Cu2Cl6. Owing to the antiferromagnetic coupling between Cu atoms through chloride bridges in 1D [Cu2Cl62−]∞ chains, (C8H22N2)Cu2Cl6 is found to exhibit antiferromagnetic ordering with a Néel temperature of 24 K. The two‐terminal (2T) electrical measurement on a (C8H22N2)Cu2Cl6 single crystal reveals its insulating nature. This work shows the potential of LD OMHHs as a highly tunable quantum material platform for spintronics.