bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of nucleus accumbens impairment in a rat model of postoperative cognitive dysfunction using diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Guo Xin‐Gui , Kang Li‐Qing , Wang Ning , Wang Jie‐Xia
Published: April 2023

Background

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) often occurs in elderly patients, causing depression and other symptoms. Nucleus accumbens (NAc) is involved in depression. We investigate the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters of NAc in a POCD model of depression.

Methods

Twenty‐month‐old male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the POCD and Sham groups. The POCD group underwent exploratory laparotomy to establish a POCD depression model, while the Sham group underwent a sham operation. The fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values of the bilateral NAc, behavioural changes of forced swimming test and sucrose preference rate, and pathological changes of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) fluorescent intensity were observed at 15 days (D15) and 30 days (D30) after the operation.

Results

The FA value of the bilateral NAc area in the POCD group was lower than that in the Sham group at the two time periods after the operation (P < 0.05). However, the MD value at D30 was higher in the POCD group than in the Sham group (P < 0.05). The FA value in the POCD group was lower at D30 than at D15 (P < 0.05). The floating time was prolonged while the sucrose preference rate was decreased in the POCD group compared with the Sham group (P < 0.05). The floating time in the POCD group was longer at D30 than at D15. However, the sucrose preference rate in the POCD was lower at D30 than at D15. The GFAP fluorescent intensity in the bilateral NAc region in the POCD group was higher than in the Sham group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Microstructural changes of the NAc area are associated with POCD related depression. In addition, FA and MD were demonstrated to be effective in diagnosing and monitoring postoperative depression and its severity.
Dynamics of hyperinflation
Authors: Welling Jorrit B. A. , Slebos Dirk‐Jan
Published: April 2023

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Follow the hand that feeds you? The effects of non‐governmental cash transfers on citizenship
Authors: Grisolia Filippo , Dewachter Sara , Holvoet Nathalie
Published: April 2023

Cash transfers (CT) are increasingly used as fundamental components of countries' poverty reduction and social protection strategies. Yet not much is known about how these interventions shape beneficiaries' relations with the state and citizenship in general, and even less evidence is available on how CTs distributed by non‐state actors affect the aforementioned variables. This paper analyses how a non‐governmental universal unconditional mobile CT (a small‐scale universal basic income experiment), handed out by a foreign NGO in a rural Ugandan village, influenced citizenship. The article zooms in on effects on recipients' perceptions of the state and interactions with government representatives, where both could potentially yield repercussions on the broader social contract. The study implements matching techniques and social network analysis to explore how the transfer influenced citizenship over time. Results suggest that the CT generated a positive effect on the non‐state actor's legitimacy, without necessarily causing a lasting impact on the legitimacy of the state. Major impacts were recorded in the treatment village's ‘call‐to‐action’ network, highlighting patterns of change in beneficiaries' relations with local duty bearers, such as the crowding out of (multiple) local leaders by an external actor linked to the CT project. These findings confirm the possibility of inducing unintended effects in local communities through CT initiatives implemented by non‐state actors.
Discovery of cellular and genetic signatures of immune tolerance in kidney transplant recipients through single cell RNA sequencing analysis
Authors: Bae Hyunjoo , Lee Hanbi , Ko Eun Jeong , Kim Chan‐Duck , Lee Sang‐Ho , Yang Chul Woo , Oh Eun‐Jee , Chung Byung Ha
Published: April 2023

The objective of this study was to uncover distinct cellular and genetic signatures of transplant operational tolerance (TOT) in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) through single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). PBMCs were isolated from 12 KTRs, including those with TOT (TOT, n = 4), stable allograft function on maintenance immunosuppression (STA, n = 4) and biopsy‐proven allograft rejection (BPAR, n = 4). ScRNA‐seq of PBMCs was analyzed using 20 cell surface marker antibody sequencing to annotate clusters and 399 immune response panel to identify gene expression. Differences in cellular distribution and gene expression were compared among the three groups. Heatmap hierarchical clustering showed that overall cellular distribution pattern was distinct in TOT in comparison with those in the other two groups, with the proportion of B cells being higher in TOT, attributed to immature B cell fraction (TOT vs. STA vs. BPAR: 4.61% vs. 1.27% vs. 2.53%, p = 0.01). Transcript analysis of B cells revealed that genes involved in allo‐immune pathway were downregulated in TOT. In T cell subset analysis, the proportion of naïve T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) was increased. In transcript analysis, genes associated with inflammation were decreased, while expression levels of CCR6 in Tregs were increased in TOT. Proportions of NKT and NK cells were increased in TOT than in the other two groups. This study showed that TOT has distinct cellular and genetic signatures such as increases of immature B cells, naïve T cells and Tregs and high expression levels of CCR6 in Tregs.
Sustainable water consumption and water‐saving behaviours: A review of consumers' environmental and economic concerns in Turkey
Authors: Avci İbrahim
Published: April 2023

Water, which plays an important role in human life, has been depleted as a result of changing consumption patterns, climate change and increasing population, and water scarcity has emerged as one of the most pressing issues facing the world in the coming years. One solution to this problem is to make more efficient and sustainable use of existing water resources. In this context, the study aims to investigate the effects of consumers' environmental and economic concerns on sustainable water consumption behaviour, as well as the mediating role of water‐saving behaviour in these effects. For this purpose, it was discovered that environmental and economic concerns have positive effects on sustainable water consumption behaviour as a result of an analysis of data collected from 591 consumers in Turkey via the online survey method; it was determined that environmental concerns have no effect on water‐saving behaviour, whereas economic concerns have a positive effect on water‐saving behaviour. According to the findings of the mediation analysis, water‐saving behaviour only serves to mediate the effect of economic concerns on sustainable water consumption behaviour.
Strong periodic solutions to quasilinear parabolic equations: An approach by the Da Prato–Grisvard theorem
Authors: Brandt Felix , Hieber Matthias
Published: April 2023

This article develops an approach to unique, strong periodic solutions to quasilinear evolution equations by means of the classical Da Prato–Grisvard theorem on maximal ‐regularity in real interpolation spaces. The method is used to show that quasilinear Keller–Segel systems admit a unique, strong ‐periodic solution in a neighborhood of 0 provided the external forces are ‐periodic and satisfy certain smallness conditions. A similar assertion applies to a Nernst–Planck–Poisson type system in electrochemistry. The proof for the quasilinear Keller–Segel systems relies also on a new mixed derivative theorem in real interpolation spaces, that is, Besov spaces, which is of independent interest.
Semisimple four‐dimensional topological field theories cannot detect exotic smooth structure
Authors: Reutter David
Published: April 2023

We prove that semisimple four‐dimensional oriented topological field theories lead to stable diffeomorphism invariants and can therefore not distinguish homeomorphic closed oriented smooth four‐manifolds and homotopy equivalent simply connected closed oriented smooth four‐manifolds. We show that all currently known four‐dimensional field theories are semisimple, including unitary field theories, and once‐extended field theories which assign algebras or linear categories to 2‐manifolds. As an application, we compute the value of a semisimple field theory on a simply connected closed oriented 4‐manifold in terms of its Euler characteristic and signature. Moreover, we show that a semisimple four‐dimensional field theory is invariant under ‐stable diffeomorphisms if and only if the Gluck twist acts trivially. This may be interpreted as the absence of fermions amongst the ‘point particles’ of the field theory. Such fermion‐free field theories cannot distinguish homotopy equivalent 4‐manifolds. Throughout, we illustrate our results with the Crane–Yetter–Kauffman field theory associated to a ribbon fusion category, settling in the negative the question of whether it is sensitive to smooth structure. As a purely algebraic corollary of our results applied to this field theory, we show that a ribbon fusion category contains a fermionic object if and only if its Gauss sums vanish.
Leveraging Full-Field Deformation Measurements in Computational Modeling of Damage
Authors: Schlenker Sara , Tekerek Emine , Kontsos Antonios
Published: April 2023

Advances in sensing and nondestructive evaluation methods have increased the interest in developing data-driven modeling and associated computational workflows for model-updating, in relation also to a variety of emerging digital twin applications. In this context, of particular interest in this investigation are transient effects that lead to or are caused by deformation instabilities, typically found in the cases of complex material behavior or interactions between material and geometry. In both cases, deformation localizations are observed which are typically also related to damage effects. This paper describes a novel framework to incorporate deformation data into a finite element model (FEM) that has been formulated using non-local mechanics and is capable of receiving such data and using it to describe the development of localizations. Specifically, experimentally measured full-field displacement data is used as an input in FEM as an ad-hoc boundary condition at any or every node in the body. To achieve this goal, a plasticity model which includes a spatially averaged non-local hardening parameter in the yield criterion is used to account for associated numerical instabilities and mesh dependence. Furthermore, the introduction of a length scale parameter into the constitutive law allows the connection between material behavior, geometry, and localizations. Additional steps remove the experimental data and evolve the computational predictions forward in time. Both one and three-dimensional boundary value problems are used to present results obtained by the proposed framework, while comments are made in terms of its potential uses.
Positron Annihilation and EBSD Studies of Subsurface Zone Created During Friction in Vanadium
Authors: Dryzek Jerzy , Wróbel Mirosław
Published: April 2023

Positron lifetime and electron backscatter diffraction studies were performed on pure vanadium samples subjected to the sliding test. The changes in the microstructure produced in this test are extending even to a depth of about 450 µm. As shown by the diffraction of electron backscattering, near this surface, just after starting the sliding test, a tribolayer with refinement randomly oriented grains is formed. The thickness of this layer varies from 8 µm to 19 µm depending on the sliding conditions and the mean grain size is about 0.2 µm. Its source is believed to be a continuous process of dynamic recrystallization. In this layer, the formation of cracks and debris is observed as well. Below is an intermediate layer with elongated grains and serrated grain boundaries in which a geometric dynamic recrystallization process has been recognized as well.
Neutral transport during etching of high aspect ratio features
Authors: Panagopoulos Theodoros , Lill Thorsten
Published: April 2023

This paper studies the transport of neutral etch species in cylindrical holes, which are of interest for advanced memory devices. The etching of these devices utilizes ions and neutral reactive species, which must travel to the etch front deep inside the feature. For gas pressures in the millitorr and feature sizes in the nanometer range, neutrals reach the bottom of an etching feature via the Knudsen transport1,2. For an aspect ratio of depth to diameter of 100:1, the flux at the bottom of the feature is only 1.3% of the incoming flux. This is a challenge for etching of advanced memory devices with ever increasing aspect ratios. We present computational results for the neutral transport in high aspect ratio features as a function of aspect ratio, profile shape, and surface processes such as adsorption, desorption, and diffusion of neutral species. Pertinent parameters are varied over a wide range to identify salient trends. When available, we include values for the case of fluorine radicals on silicon and silicon oxide in the parameter scans. The results predict that steady state transmission probability increases meaningfully in the presence of surface diffusion. Spontaneous and collision induced desorption of adsorbed neutrals on their own does not change steady state transmission probability, but they affect the time to reach it. In the presence of surface diffusion, however, spontaneous desorption increases the transmission probability, while desorption due to collisions with co-flowing nonreactive gas reduces it. These results indicate an enhancement of neutral transport at low surface temperatures that facilitate physisorption and surface diffusion.
Insight into the assembly of lipid-hyaluronan complexes in osteoarthritic conditions
Authors: Sun Kangdi , Shoaib Tooba , Rutland Mark W. , Beller Joesph , Do Changwoo , Espinosa-Marzal Rosa M.
Published: April 2023

Interactions between molecules in the synovial fluid and the cartilage surface may play a vital role in the formation of adsorbed films that contribute to the low friction of cartilage boundary lubrication. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease. Previous studies have shown that in OA-diseased joints, hyaluronan (HA) not only breaks down resulting in a much lower molecular weight (MW), but also its concentration is reduced ten times. Here, we have investigated the structural changes of lipid-HA complexes as a function of HA concentration and MW to simulate the physiologically relevant conditions that exist in healthy and diseased joints. Small angle neutron scattering and dynamic light scattering were used to determine the structure of HA-lipid vesicles in bulk solution, while a combination of atomic force microscopy and quartz crystal microbalance was applied to study their assembly on a gold surface. We infer a significant influence of both MW and HA concentrations on the structure of HA-lipid complexes in bulk and assembled on a gold surface. Our results suggest that low MW HA cannot form an amorphous layer on the gold surface, which is expected to negatively impact the mechanical integrity and longevity of the boundary layer and could contribute to the increased wear of the cartilage that has been reported in joints diseased with OA.
Frequency Variation and Dose Modification of Benznidazole Administration for the Treatment of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Mice, Dogs, and Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Bustamante Juan M. , White Brooke E. , Wilkerson Gregory K. , Hodo Carolyn L. , Auckland Lisa D. , Wang Wei , McCain Stephanie , Hamer Sarah A. , Saunders Ashley B. , Tarleton Rick L.
Published: April 2023

Trypanosoma cruzi
naturally infects a broad range of mammalian species and frequently results in the pathology that has been most extensively characterized in human Chagas disease. Currently employed treatment regimens fail to achieve parasitological cure of
T. cruzi
infection in the majority of cases.
The Type 7b Secretion System of S. aureus and Its Role in Colonization and Systemic Infection
Authors: Bobrovskyy Maksym , Chen Xinhai , Missiakas Dominique
Published: April 2023

Staphylococcus aureus
bears a type 7b secretion system (T7bSS) that assembles in the bacterial envelope to promote the secretion of WXG-like proteins and toxic effectors bearing LXG domains. Cognate immunity proteins bind cytosolic effectors to mute their toxicity prior to secretion.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific CD4 T Cells Expressing Transcription Factors T-Bet or RORγT Associate with Bacterial Control in Granulomas
Authors: Grant Nicole L. , Kelly Kristen , Maiello Pauline , Abbott Helena , O’Connor Shelby , Lin Philana Ling , Scanga Charles A. , Flynn JoAnne L.
Published: April 2023

Tuberculosis, caused by the bacterial pathogen
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
, kills 1.5 million people each year, despite the existence of effective drugs and a vaccine that is given to infants in most countries. Clearly, we need better vaccines against this disease.
Construction of Candida albicans Strains with ATP-Analog-Sensitive Protein Kinase A and Hog1
Authors: Liu Zhongle , MacAlpine Jessie , Robbins Nicole , Cowen Leah E.
Published: April 2023

As an opportunistic pathogen in humans, the fungus
Candida albicans
relies on virulence traits to cause disease. They include the ability to transition from yeast to filamentous morphologies and the ability to grow in diverse environmental stress conditions, including nutrient limitation, as well as osmotic and heat shock.
Molecular Evolution of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 2 Based on Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Gene
Authors: Feng Yi , Zhu Zhen , Xu Jin , Sun Liwei , Zhang Hui , Xu Hongmei , Zhang Feng , Wang Wenyang , Han Guangyue , Jiang Jie , Liu Ying , Zhou Shanshan , Zhang Yan , Ji Yixin , Mao Naiying , Xu Wenbo
Published: April 2023

The phylogenetic analysis showed that global HPIV2 could be classified into two distinct clusters (I and II) and five lineages (IA to IIE) with at least 0.049 and 0.014 genetic distances between clusters and lineages, respectively. Furthermore, lineages IB and IIE could be further divided into two sublineages (IB1-2 and IIE1-2).
MiSurv: an Integrative Web Cloud Platform for User-Friendly Microbiome Data Analysis with Survival Responses
Authors: Gu Won , Koh Hyunwook , Jang Hyojung , Lee Byungho , Kang Byungkon
Published: April 2023

MiSurv consists of a data processing module and its following four data analytic modules: (i) Module 1: Comparative survival analysis between treatment groups, (ii) Module 2: Comparative analysis in microbial composition between treatment groups, (iii) Module 3: Association testing between microbial composition and survival responses, (iv) Module 4: Prediction modeling using microbial taxa on survival responses. We demonstrate its use through an example trial on the effects of antibiotic use on the survival rate against type 1 diabetes (T1D) onset and gut microbiome composition, respectively, and the effects of the gut microbiome on the survival rate against T1D onset.
Vaping and socioeconomic inequalities in smoking cessation and relapse: a longitudinal analysis of the UK Household Longitudinal Study
Authors: Hardie Iain , Green Michael James
Published: April 2023

Background

Smoking is a key cause of socioeconomic health inequalities. Vaping is considered less harmful than smoking and has become a popular smoking cessation aid, and therefore has potential to reduce inequalities in smoking.

Methods

We used longitudinal data from 25 102 participants in waves 8–10 (2016 to early 2020) of the UK Household Longitudinal Study to examine how vaping affects socioeconomic inequalities in smoking cessation and relapse. Marginal structural models were used to investigate whether vaping mediates or moderates associations between educational attainment and smoking cessation and relapse over time. Multiple imputation and weights were used to adjust for missing data.

Results

Respondents without degrees were less likely to stop smoking than those with a degree (OR: 0.65; 95% CI 0.54–0.77), and more likely to relapse (OR: 1.74; 95% CI 1.37–2.22), but this inequality in smoking cessation was not present among regular vapers (OR: 0.99; 95% CI 0.54–1.82). Sensitivity analyses suggested that this finding did not hold when comparing those with or without any qualifications. Inequalities in smoking relapse did not clearly differ by vaping status.

Conclusions

Vaping may be especially helpful as a cessation aid for smokers without degree level education and therefore may help reduce inequalities in smoking. Nevertheless, other supports or aids may be needed to reach the most disadvantaged (ie, those with no qualifications) and to help people avoid relapse after cessation, though we did not find clear evidence suggesting that vaping would increase inequalities in relapse.
Self-bound embedding Class I anisotropic stars by gravitational decoupling within vanishing complexity factor formalism
Authors: Habsi Moza Al , Maurya S. K. , Badri Sara Al , Al-Alawiya Maryam , Mukhaini Tasnim Al , Malki Hajer Al , Mustafa G.
Published: April 2023

We present a spherically symmetric embedding Class I solution for compact star models using the gravitational decoupling approach. We have chosen a null complexity factor condition proposed by Herrera (Phys Rev D 97:044010, 2018) in the context of a self-gravitating system and derive the anisotropic solution through a systematic approach given by Contreras and Stuchlik (Eur Phys J C 82:706, 2022). In this regard, we use the Finch–Skea model along with the mimicking of mass constraint to find fluid pressure and the matter-energy density from the Einstein Field Equations (EFE). We tested the physical viability and impact of gravitational decoupling on the anisotropic solution through the graphical representation. Moreover, the energy exchange between the fluid distributions along with the mass-radius ratio of different compact objects has been also discussed.
GLOBAL CONNECTEDNESS AND NETWORKS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
Authors: ACIKGOZ TURKER
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we investigate global connectedness and networks of agricultural production on continental and subregional levels. Using per capita agricultural production indices (API) from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, we applied the spillover index method and network analysis. Continental-level analysis shows that global agricultural production is mainly connected to production in Europe and Asia. The subregional analysis also confirms that most subregions are connected to Europe and Asia regarding agricultural production. Agricultural production shocks occurring in Western Asia, Western Europe, Southern Europe, Southeast Asia and Eastern Asia regions have highly spread to other regions. This study demonstrates that worldwide agricultural production is highly interconnected and integrated. Based on these results, our study showed that global agricultural production has been converging. The findings of this study can be used by policymakers as well as national or international institutions shaping and regulating national and regional agricultural and economic policies.
DIFFERENT MOMENTS CREATE DIFFERENT SPILLOVERS: A STUDY OF COMMODITY MARKETS
Authors: HE XIE , HAMORI SHIGEYUKI
Published: April 2023

Although the spillover effects of return and volatility risk across commodity markets have been demonstrated, evidence of extreme risk spillovers is limited. Using an autoregressive conditional density model, this study estimates the conditional skewness of nine S&P Goldman Sachs Commodity indices and then applies the Diebold–Yilmaz TVP-VAR-based approach to investigate the higher moment spillovers across commodity markets. Our findings provide evidence of extreme risk transfers from one commodity index to another. Among three energy indices including crude oil, natural gas and gasoil, crude oil transmits the most return, volatility risk and extreme risk to the agricultural indices and precious metal indices. Furthermore, our results confirm that spillovers in all three moments were significantly strengthened by extreme events such as the September 11 attacks, the global financial crisis, the food price crisis, the violent shock of international oil prices and the coronavirus disease of 2019. However, different events may have different impacts on spillovers. Finally, the results indicate that return spillover and skewness are affected by extreme events with almost the same intensity and direction for most periods.
New results from the DANSS experiment
Authors: Skrobova Nataliya
Published: April 2023

We present new results from the DANSS experiment on the searches for sterile neutrinos. They are based on approximately 5 million inverse beta decay events collected at 10.9, 11.9 and 12.9[Formula: see text]m from the reactor core of the 3.1[Formula: see text]GW Kalinin Nuclear Power Plant in Russia. We do not see any statistically significant sign for the [Formula: see text] oscillations. The exclusion area in the [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] parameter space goes up to [Formula: see text] in the most sensitive region. Plans for DANSS upgrade are presented. This upgrade should allow DANSS to test Neutrino-4 claim of observation of sterile neutrinos.
New regular 2+1 black hole solutions in bilocal gravity
Authors: Christiansen H. R. , Estrada Milko , Cunha M. S. , Furtado J. , Muniz C. R.
Published: April 2023

We obtain new regular black hole solutions for an action in 2+1 dimensions with a bilocal Ricci scalar and a negative cosmological constant. Besides their connection to the cosmological constant, these solutions depend on a fundamental length due to their nonlocal nature. The effective profile densities that result from the nonlocal geometries have quasi-localized mass/energy since they are finite at the origin and their integration in all space is convergent. The black holes obtained are free of singularities and present one, two, or none horizons depending on the values of the involved parameters. The new solutions can have either an AdS, dS, or even a flat core. In the case of a de-Sitter core, it could represent a repulsive force coming from quantum effects. Although the resulting (effective) cosmological constant is positive near the origin, the classical (naked) counterpart is still negative thus precluding a cosmological horizon. We investigate the energy conditions of the effective source and determine the region where exotic energy should be found. Thermodynamic quantities are also computed. On the one hand, the Gibbs’s potential shows that both solutions are globally unstable, as in the BTZ case. On the other hand, we show that for small values of the horizon radius the Hawking temperature is negatively divergent but a finite size remnant can be defined where [Formula: see text] crosses zero. At this point, the heat capacity sign changes from negative to positive, indicating that the black holes are locally stable while irradiating. Thus, such a quantity, along with [Formula: see text] presents crucial differences with the BTZ black hole for small horizon radii where quantum effects become relevant. Finally, we analyze the bilocal black hole geodesics and find stable circular orbits for massless and massive particles, another feature absent in the BTZ case.
Thin-shell wormhole solution of scalar hairy black hole in Horndeski theory
Authors: Eman N. M. , Khurshed Alam S. M.
Published: April 2023

We have investigated the linearized stability analysis of thin-shell wormhole for scalar hairy black hole solution in Horndeski theory by surgically grafting together two identical copies of this hairy black hole spacetime. The surface stresses at the throat of the wormhole are calculated, and the attractive and repulsive characteristics of this wormhole throat are examined via radial acceleration. We also worked out the total amount of exotic matter in the shell of the wormhole.
Monte Carlo simulation study on simultaneous detection of neutrons and gamma-rays with a GdI3:Ce scintillator detector
Authors: Park B. , Park A. , Lee S. , Lee J. , Kim C. , Kim C.
Published: April 2023

Neutron detection using gadolinium (Gd) and its prompt gamma-rays is vital because of the high cross-section of Gd on thermal neutrons, thereby leading to significant interest in neutron detection with Gd-converted or Gd-loaded detector. However, simultaneous detection of neutron and gamma-rays with a Gd-loaded scintillator has been given less attention. In this study, we explored the feasibility of the GdI3:Ce detector for simultaneous detection with Monte Carlo N-Particle transport extended simulation. Furthermore, we examined the physical properties of Gd for application in the radiation field mixed with neutron and gamma-rays. Similarly, we simulated the geometry of the GdI3:Ce scintillator and its spectra obtained under various conditions. The results showed that GdI3:Ce with a thickness of 1[Formula: see text]cm is enough to absorb 90[Formula: see text] of photons with energy under 81[Formula: see text]keV. A shorter source-to-detector distance and larger detector size were superior to detecting prompt gamma-rays emitted from neutron capture, not only the gamma-rays from isomeric transition (named as general gamma-ray in this paper). Ultimately, spectra taken with the Gd3:Ce scintillator under the radiation field mixed with neutrons and gamma-ray showed gamma-ray peaks from both radio-isotopes and Gd[Formula: see text]Gd reaction, indicating the feasibility of the application of simultaneous detection.
Effect of nuclear incompressibility on the fine structure of odd–odd superheavy nuclei
Authors: Seyyedi S. A. , Razmara A. , Akhound A.
Published: April 2023

In this research, the alpha decay fine structure for odd–odd nuclei has been investigated considering the effects of incompressibility of nuclear matter density in the range of [Formula: see text]. In our calculations, transitions from the parent nuclei’s ground state to the daughter nuclei’s excited states have been considered. In these calculations, the double-folding model with effective finite-range nucleon–nucleon interactions was used in the framework of BDM3Y1, CDM3Y2, CDM3Y4, CDM3Y6 and BDM3Y1 configurations to calculate alpha-daughter nucleus interaction. These different versions of nucleon–nucleon interaction apply values of 176[Formula: see text]MeV to 270[Formula: see text]MeV for the incompressibility term of nuclear matter in calculations. WKB approximation along with the Cluster formation model has been used to calculate partial half-lives and branching ratio. The results of these calculations regarding partial half-lives in the framework of CDM3Y6 ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]MeV) interactions indicate a better agreement with the corresponding experimental data than density-dependent interactions. It has also shown that by decreasing the values of incompressibility, the partial half-lives increase compared to the experimental data.
THE NEXUS BETWEEN TWITTER-BASED UNCERTAINTY AND CRYPTOCURRENCIES: A MULTIFRACTAL ANALYSIS
Authors: ASLAM FAHEEM , ZIL-E-HUMA  , BIBI RASHIDA , FERREIRA PAULO
Published: April 2023

We take the novel Twitter-based economic uncertainty (TEU) to examine if it has cross-correlation characteristics with four major cryptocurrencies i.e. Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin, and Ripple. To conduct a more thorough analysis, we apply multifractal detrended cross-correlation analysis (MFDCCA) on seasonal-trend decomposition using Loess (STL) decomposed series as well as without decomposed series on the daily data, ranging from 1 June 2011 to 30 June 2021. The findings of this study indicate that: (i) all pairs of TEU with cryptocurrencies are multifractal and have power-law behavior; (ii) the pairs of Ethereum and Bitcoin with TEU are found to be the most multifractal while Litecoin with TEU has the lowest multifractal characteristics; (iii) all STL decomposed series of cryptocurrency have persistent cross-correlation with TEU with the exception of Ethereum which has anti-persistent cross-correlation with TEU; (iv) all without decomposed series of cryptocurrencies show significant persistent cross-correlation characteristics with TEU; (v) the highest linkage is found for the pair of Bitcoin with TEU. Moreover, to reveal the dynamic characteristics in the cross-correlation of TEU with cryptocurrencies, the rolling window is employed for MFDCCA. These findings have important managerial and academic implications for policymakers, investors, and market participants.
STABILITY/INSTABILITY MAPS OF THE NEUTRON POINT KINETIC MODEL WITH CONFORMABLE AND CAPUTO DERIVATIVES
Authors: GODÍNEZ F. A. , FERNÁNDEZ-ANAYA G. , QUEZADA-GARCÍA S. , QUEZADA-TÉLLEZ L. A. , POLO-LABARRIOS M. A.
Published: April 2023

Behavior analysis of the neutron point kinetic model with Caputo and conformable derivatives (Khalil and Almeida operators) was performed. Hence, boundary thresholds that delimit the stability/instability zones within the anomalous diffusion exponent-reactivity parameter space were found. Stability criteria are established to limit the region of the values of the anomalous diffusion coefficient and reactivity parameters with which the oscillatory behavior of the neutron density does not exceed a value greater than 30% with respect to the value of the classical model. The parameter space map corresponding to the model with Caputo derivative shows a larger stability behavior zone than that obtained with the Khalil derivative defined in terms of a linear kernel. In a more general sense, the Almeida operator allows one to freely define the kernel function. A kernel of exponential type produces instabilities of different nature (significant increase in neutron density followed by a series of decreasing oscillations few moments after the start-up, or a rapid growth in neutron density resembling a Gaussian pulse appearing seconds after the start-up), as well as stability/instability zones of different shapes and sizes as the parameters in the kernel vary. Interestingly, it was possible to reduce the instability behavior zone with the exponential kernel and approximate its size with that of the zone predicted with the Caputo derivative.
SCALING EXPONENTS FOR ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE ON HIGHER-DIMENSIONAL GENERALIZATIONS OF FRACTAL CARPETS AND SPONGES
Authors: SCHONFELD JONATHAN F.
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we calculate electrical resistance scaling exponents for analogues of “carpet” and “sponge” fractals in higher-dimensional embedding spaces. The calculation idealizes the voids that define such fractals as spherical, and exploits the elementary theory of dielectrics. Possible applications include models of elementary particles with “extra” dimensions, and new large-dimension methods for the theory of fractals.
SPECTRAL ANALYSIS FOR WEIGHTED LEVEL-4 SIERPIŃSKI GRAPHS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Authors: ZHU XINGCHAO , ZHU ZHIYONG
Published: April 2023

Much information on the structural properties and some relevant dynamical aspects of a graph can be provided by its normalized Laplacian spectrum, especially for those related to random walks. In this paper, we aim to present a study on the normalized Laplacian spectra and their applications of weighted level-[Formula: see text] Sierpiński graphs. By using the spectral decimation technique and a theoretical matrix analysis that is supported by symbolic and numerical computations, we obtain a relationship between the normalized Laplacian spectra for two successive generations. Applying the obtained recursive relation, we then derive closed-form expressions of Kemeny’s constant and the number of spanning trees for the weighted level-[Formula: see text] Sierpiński graph.
A FRACTAL SOLUTION OF CAMASSA–HOLM AND DEGASPERIS–PROCESI MODELS UNDER TWO-SCALE DIMENSION APPROACH
Authors: LIU FENGLIAN , WANG SHU , NADEEM MUHAMMAD
Published: April 2023

This study proposes a new method, called the Fractal Yang transform method (F[Formula: see text]TM), for obtaining the fractal solution of the modified Camassa–Holm (mCH) and Degasperis–Procesi (mDP) models with fractal derivatives. The authors use the two-scale fractal approach to convert the fractal problem into its differential components and implement the Yang transform ([Formula: see text]T) to achieve the recurrence iteration. We then apply the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) to overcome the difficulty of nonlinear elements in the recurrence iteration, which makes it simple to acquire further iterations. The most advantage of this fractal approach is that it has no restriction on variables and provides successive iterations. The fractal results are presented in the sense of a series that converges to the exact solution only after a few iteration. Graphical behavior demonstrates that this fractal approach is a very fast and remarkable solution, particularly with fractal derivatives.
Static and Dynamic Stability Analyses of Functionally Graded Beam with Inclined Cracks
Authors: Mao Jia-Jia , Wang Ying-Jie , Yang Jie
Published: April 2023

The focus of this paper is to examine the static and dynamic instabilities of functionally graded beam that contains multiple inclined cracks under the influence of an axial force comprising both static and time-varying harmonic components. The elasticity modulus and mass density of the functionally graded beam are assumed to vary exponentially along its thickness direction. Local stiffness matrix model-based finite element analysis (FEA) is conducted to determine the bending stiffness and tensile stiffness of the section with a crack, and the coupled effect of tensile and bending loadings. Two-node beam elements with three degrees-of-freedom per node are utilized. By combining the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory with Lagrange method, we derive the governing equations that describe the static and dynamic instabilities of a functionally graded beam with multiple inclined cracks. These equations can be solved as eigenvalue problems to obtain the natural frequency and static critical buckling load of the beam. Furthermore, to investigate the dynamic instability of the system, we use the Bolotin method to determine the boundary between the regions of instability and stability based on the same governing equations. By adopting this approach, the study comprehensively investigates the impacts of crack position, inclination angle, and length, as well as elasticity modulus ratio, static and dynamic load factors on both static and dynamic stabilities of a cracked functionally graded beam to gain valuable insights into the stability and performance of cracked functionally graded structures.
Damage Detection of Spatial Track–Bridge System with Interlayer Connection Using High-Speed Train Response and Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Wang Yujie , Zhan Jiawang , Li Jiantao , Xia He , Zhang Fei , Wang Chuang
Published: April 2023

Bridge damage detection has attracted much attention recently. Most studies on damage detection of the high-speed railway (HSR) bridge neglect the effect of the interlayer connection between the railway track and bridge. This paper proposes a damage detection method for the HSR bridge using response-based sensitivity analysis of high-speed trains. The HSR bridge is modeled as a spatial track–bridge system, in which the fasteners, sleepers and track slabs are modeled as one viscoelastic layer. The responses of multiple vehicles are merged to overcome the critical issue that the length of response data recorded by a high-speed vehicle moving over the bridge is too short to perform the sensitivity analysis. Numerical studies demonstrate that the proposed method is capable to detect damages of the track–bridge system with different train speed, car-body mass, irregularity grade and the interlayer connection properties. By using the signal merging method and the averaged response from multiple train trips, the proposed method is robust to high speed and measurement noise. The damage on the bridge beam and the interlayer connection can be well-identified. It is also found that increasing the car-body mass, damping ratio of the track–bridge system, damping coefficient of interlayer connection could improve the efficiency of damage detection.
On the minimum cut-sets of the power graph of a finite cyclic group
Authors: Mukherjee Sanjay , Patra Kamal Lochan , Sahoo Binod Kumar
Published: April 2023

The power graph [Formula: see text] of a finite group [Formula: see text] is the simple graph with vertex set [Formula: see text], in which two distinct vertices are adjacent if one of them is a power of the other. For an integer [Formula: see text], let [Formula: see text] denote the cyclic group of order [Formula: see text] and let [Formula: see text] be the number of distinct prime divisors of [Formula: see text]. For [Formula: see text], the minimum cut-sets of [Formula: see text] are characterized in [S. Chattopadhyay, K. L. Patra and B. K. Sahoo, Vertex connectivity of the power graph of a finite cyclic group, Discrete Appl. Math. 266 (2019) 259–271]. In this paper, for [Formula: see text], we identify certain cut-sets of [Formula: see text] such that any minimum cut-set of [Formula: see text] must be one of them.
PHENOMENOLOGICAL APPROACH TO HUMAN CHEST MODELING
Authors: IVAN ALPATOV , MARAT DOSAEV , VITALY SAMSONOV , EKATERINA VOROBYEVA , VADIM DUBROV
Published: April 2023

In this study, we propose a new phenomenological approach to human chest modeling. We model the chest as an elastic truss consisting of stiff beams connected by spherical joints that hinder the relative rotation of the beams. We used this model to simulate the rib flaring effect, which is a side effect for bracing treatment of patients with pectus carinatum. We used the Ansys software that allowed us to apply finite element method (FEM) to build the model of a chest of a real patient using geometry from the CT scan. We applied a compressive force to a keel of the model and observed the effect of rib flaring. We also examined the applicability of Ansys Mechanical for modeling trusses with beams and spiral springs. For this purpose, we built two simplified models of a system of two beams under compression and then compared the theoretical solution of its equilibrium problem with the solution obtained in Ansys.
Variation inequalities for Riesz transforms and Poisson semigroups associated with Laguerre polynomial expansions
Authors: Betancor J. J. , De León-Contreras M.
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we establish [Formula: see text]-boundedness properties for variation, oscillation and jump operators associated with Riesz transforms and Poisson semigroups related to Laguerre polynomial expansions.
Linear Step-adjusting Programming in Factor Space
Authors: He Jing , Zheng Hui , Zarei Rozbeh , Lui Ho-Chung , Kong Qi-Wei , Ji Yi-Mu , Li Xingsen , Yang Hailong , Du Baorui , Shi Yong , Wang Pingjiang , van Zundert Andre
Published: April 2023

Intelligent behavior that appears in a decision process can be treated as a point y, the dynamic state observed and controlled by the agent, moving in a factor space impelled by the goal factor and blocked by the constraint factors. Suppose that the feasible region is cut by a group of hyperplanes, when point y reaches the region’s wall, a hyperplane will block the moving, and the agent needs to adjust the moving direction such that the target is pursued as faithfully as possible. Since the wall is not able to be represented by a differentiable function, the gradient method cannot be applied to describe the adjusting process. We, therefore, suggest a new model, named linear step-adjusting programming (LSP) in this paper. LSP is similar to a kind of relaxed linear programming (LP). The difference between LP and LSP is that the former aims to find the ultimate optimal point, while the latter just does a direct action in a short period. Where will a blocker encounter? How do you adjust the moving direction? Where further blockers may be encountered next, and how should the direction be adjusted again?[Formula: see text] If the ultimate best is found, that’s a blessing; if not, that’s fine. We request at least an adjustment should be got at the first time. However, the former is idealism, and the latter is realism. In place of a gradient vector, the projection of goal direction g in a subspace plays a core role in LSP. If a hyperplane block y goes ahead along with the direction d, then we must adjust the new direction [Formula: see text] as the projection of g in the blocking plane. Suppose there is only one blocker at a time. In that case, it is straightforward to calculate the projection, but how to calculate the projection when more than one blocker is encountered simultaneously? It is still an open problem for LP researchers. We suggest a projection calculation using the Hat matrix in the paper. LSP will attract interest in economic restructuring, financial prediction, and reinforcement learning.
An Accelerated Variable Stage Size Carry Skip Adder Realization Using 1S1R Resistive Memory
Authors: Dilna U. , Prasad S. N.
Published: April 2023

In-memory computing is the method of running computer computations completely in memory. Memristive device (e.g., 1 selector-1 resistor (1S1R)) is preferably utilized for in-memory computing with the appearance of hybrid CMOS nano-crossbar arrays. The parallelism of resistive arrays is considered in parallel adder designs to reduce the critical path delay. However, they minimize latency at the cost of hardware resources. In addition, the resistive random-access memory (ReRAM) is suffered by sneak–path problem because of the incapability for accessing a specific cell without impeding its neighbors. To tackle this issue, an analytical model of Pt/TaO[Formula: see text]/TiO2/TaO[Formula: see text]/Pt selector device is developed and it is integrated with ReRAM model for reducing the sneak path current. In this paper, a novel mapping scheme is proposed for in-memory variable stage size carry skip adder (VSS-CSKA) to harness the parallelism of 1S1R resistive memory. The VSS-CSKA considers variable block lengths and uses basic Boolean functions as skip logic to improve the speed without requiring huge area. Also, the selector device is modeled by considering the Pt/TaO[Formula: see text]/TiO2/TaO[Formula: see text]/Pt crested barrier for suppressing the sneak current in the resistive memory. The macro-model of the 1S1R resistive memory model is modeled in Verilog-A netlist and the simulations are executed on Spectre circuit simulator from Cadence Virtuoso. The proposed in-memory adder reduced the latency to [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]-bit addition and it consumes less energy because of the minimization of sneak currents in 1S1R.
The null space property of the weighted ℓr − ℓ1 minimization
Authors: Huang Jianwen , Liu Xinling , Jia Jinping
Published: April 2023

The null space property (NSP), which relies merely on the null space of the sensing matrix column space, has drawn numerous interests in sparse signal recovery. This paper studies NSP of the weighted [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) minimization. Several versions of NSP of the weighted [Formula: see text] minimization including the weighted [Formula: see text] NSP, the weighted [Formula: see text] stable NSP, the weighted [Formula: see text] robust NSP and the [Formula: see text] weighted [Formula: see text] robust NSP for [Formula: see text], are proposed, as well as the associating considerable results are derived. Under these NSPs, sufficient conditions for the recovery of (sparse) signals with the weighted [Formula: see text] minimization are established. Furthermore, we show that to some extent, the weighted [Formula: see text] stable NSP is weaker than the restricted isometric property (RIP). And the RIP condition we obtained is better than that of Zhou (2022).