bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER BODIES OF MINING REGIONS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE IRSHA RIVER OF ZHYTOMYR REGION)
Authors:   Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University, Yelnikova T.O.
Published: January 2022

The urgency of the topic is determined by the importance of using the water of the Irsha River for various purposes: a source of drinking water, a source of energy, use it as a recreational facility, for irrigation, fishing, etc. The Irsha River is under the influence of the Irsha Mining and Processing Plant. When water infiltrates through the body of tailings dams, settling ponds, oxidized water enters surface waters. The aim of the research is the ecological assessment of the surface water quality of the Irsha River and the analysis of the impact of the mining industry on it. The task of the study is to analyze the impact on the state of surface waters of the river Irsha mining industry. The subject of the study is a set of hydrochemical and hydrological indicators of the ecological status of the river Irsha, left tributary of the Teteriv River (basin of Dnipro) in the Zhytomyr region for the period 2018-2019. The graphic method of complex assessment of water quality and the method of ecological assessment of surface water quality of the river Irsha according to the corresponding categories are applied in the work. The purpose of the study is the ecological assessment of the surface water quality of the Irsha River and the analysis of the impact of the mining industry on it. Analysis of the results of laboratory studies of the quality of wastewater discharged into the Irsha River indicates exceeding the established standards. This is due to the presence of pollutants in the soil that enter into the water. According to the results of a comprehensive assessment of surface water quality based on the graphical method, it was found that in 2018-2019 in general river waters in both observation sites within the Irsha River do not meet quality requirements, there were high values of MPC for dissolved oxygen, total iron and permanganate oxidation in both alignments. It is investigated that the surface waters of the river Irsha in both springs belong to the III class of water quality, which indicates a significant anthropogenic impact, the level of which is close to the limit of ecosystem stability. This is due to the high anthropogenic load in the Irsha river basin, primarily due to discharges of insufficiently treated wastewater. The results of research indicate a significant anthropogenic impact, the level of which is close to the limit of ecosystem sustainability. Given the current level of pollution of the Irsha River, the priority task in the field of environmental protection, rational use of natural resources is the implementation of measures provided by state and regional target programs to reduce anthropogenic pressure and improve surface water bodies.
Short-term and long-term changes in seizure frequency and neurocognitive status in pediatric patients after surgery for mixed neuronal-glial brain tumors
Authors: Gorlova L. A. , Shmeleva O. O. , Fedorov E. V. , Kim A. V. , Dinikina Yu. V. , Khachatryan W. A. , Samochernykh K. A.
Published: January 2022

Background. Neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumors are rare brain tumors that are most commonly observed in pediatric patients. The main clinical manifestations are presented by epilepsy substantially affecting child’s physical and neurocognitive development.

Objective: to assess short-term and long-term changes in seizure frequency and neurocognitive status in pediatric patients who underwent surgery for mixed neuronal-glial tumors.

Material and methods. Thirty-eight pediatric patients underwent surgery for mixed neuronal-glial tumors at the Almazov Research Medical Centre within the period from 2008 to 2018. All patients had comprehensive diagnostic examination including clinical neurological examination, neuroimaging tests, electroencephalography and electrocorticography before and after surgery. The postoperative changes in the seizures rate were assessed by using the 1993, 1996 Engel classification. Neurocognitive status was evaluated using The Child Behavior Checklist (a component of the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment).

Results. During the postoperative period, 84% of patients were found to be seizure-free; 42.6% demonstrated no clinically relevant behavioral disturbances or social adaption issues after the surgery. However, 76% of children experienced poor concentration. In a long-term perspective, seizures reoccured in 25% of patients and were not associated with any magnetic resonance signs of tumor progression.

Conclusion. A gross total resection of the brain tumor was the main factor that affected changes over time in seizure rate. Assessment of long-term changes over time has shown that the patients tended to retain concentration difficulties, which should be taken into account while planning school education programs.
Emotional Regulation in Individuals, Standing in Codependent Relationship
Authors: Berdichevsky A.A. , Padun M.A. , Gagarina M.A. , Arkhipova M.V.
Published: January 2022

The article presents the research of the emotion regulation in women standing in relationships with addicted partners. It also provides additional results of adaptation of the “Spann–Fischer Codependency Scale” (SF CDS). The sample of the study consisted of women living together with addicted individuals (N=154) aged from 24 to 60 years (M=46,18, SD=8,72). SF CDS showed high reliability indicators. Spenn–Fisher's theoretical model of codependency has been empirically validated CMIN=79,4, df=62; CMIN/df=1,28; p=0,067; AGFI=0,956; RMSEA=0,026; SRMR=0,034. Construct validity tests showed higher rates of codependency in the sample of women who are in relationships with addicts compared to the sample of students. Structural model of the influence of emotion regulation on the severity of codependency is presented. It is shown that the degree of codependency depends on the ability to regulate emotions sufficiently. The exaggeration of the likelihood of a bad outcome of the situation ("catastrophization") and the tendency to mentally fixate on negative events and one's own feelings ("rumination") increase the severity of the state of codependency. The strategy of positive refocusing, as well as the ability to reappraise the meaning of the situation, contribute to the prevention of codependency.
Remote Work as Zeitgeist: Legal Regulation of Remote Work, Practice and Prospects
Authors: Artemov N. M. , Ezhova N. F. , Mukhina Yu. V.
Published: January 2022

The article highlights the process of developing a new form of employment — remote work in Russia, regarding a number of basic legal issues related to legal entities and the regulation of the work of remote employees. The topic of the article is currently important due to the situation in the world related to the rapid development of new technologies and the usage of the Internet in our daily life. Moreover, remote work becomes highly sought due to the pandemic of coronavirus. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the practice of remote work in Russia and abroad, to the problems of legal regulation of remote work in Russia, and the European experience of its regulation. The article discusses some problems on control the working process for remote employees, the main difficulties connected to the process of working uncontrolled by both employers and employees. The article also considers the existing controversial opinions about the reasonability of remote work, its advantages, and disadvantages. The authors present some possible solutions to the current problems
Supplementary Foreign Language Education
Authors: Tsareva M. S.
Published: January 2022

As a structural subdivision of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), the Department of Legal Translation implements a number of unique language education programs, providing its graduates with the opportunity to become a part of the elite international community of lawyers. Language education is based on the individual needs of potential students and allows you to choose the most comfortable language program in legal English, French, German, Spanish and Chinese.Maintaining the quality and timely updating of programs to meet the growing needs of modern society are among the priority tasks of the Institute, as a subdivision of the country’s leading law university. The introduction of new educational technologies and teaching models, diversification and reorientation of programs towards practical application and communication meets modern trends in the development of education. The training of highly qualified specialists in the field of a professional foreign language of jurisprudence increases the competitiveness and demand for graduates both in their professional environment — lawyers, and in related professions — such as a translator or teacher
The Role of the Legal Idioms in the Teaching of English to Law Students
Authors: Mishurova O. I.
Published: January 2022

The article deals with the most common English legal idioms, gives their lexical meaning and peculiarities of usage. The author also shows the history of origin of some legal English Idioms, that constitute a significant part of professional vocabulary, demonstrating the rich, original and unique nature of language, so one of the aims of the article is to prove that knowledge of idioms contributes significantly to the vocabulary of law students, thereby facilitating the formation of their secondary linguistic personality. The author points out that the knowledge of English idioms helps students to develop important skills of analysis, inference and deduction, as well as promotes interest in the artistic possibilities of language.The article attempts to classify the most popular English legal idioms according to their subject matter, which makes it easier for students to find the necessary lexical units for successful and productive foreign language communication. Based on the research performed, it can be stated that English idioms based on legal terms are quite numerous and appropriate in informal communication situations. The author also provides recommendations for law students studying English legal idioms.
About the Legal Nature of the Termination of Obligation in the Context of Modern Legislation
Authors: Ananiev Andrey G.
Published: January 2022

In this article, the author proposes a concept for understanding the termination of a civil obligation in the context of modern legislation. The study aimed to build a doctrine on the concept of the legal nature of the termination of obligations in the context of modern domestic legislation. To solve this, the study analyzed the available theoretical approaches, set out in theoretical studies and educational literature on determining the termination of an obligation. It further analyzed law enforcement practices to determine the answer to the question posed, as well as generalization and systematization of the data obtained. To solve the set tasks, the author analyzed the available approaches to understanding the termination of obligations. The paper presents the results of the research performed, based on the analysis of the current rules of civil legislation, aimed at regulating the issues of termination of obligations through the concept of existing legal links between the elements of the corresponding obligation relationship. The methodological basis of the research is the method of analysis, the sequential study of individual aspects, and the synthesis of the results obtained, integrating them into a single whole. The structural basis of the study is made up of aspects of law enforcement practice, in order to establish through them the desired concept, the study of the Soviet and sovereign civilian array, substantiating individual provisions of the declared topic, and building a general picture based on the results of a generalized analysis of the material presented. The study made it possible to conclude that when a civil obligations structure is destroyed, due to the interruption of legal ties between any of the elements, which constitutes the legal nature of the phenomenon under consideration, the obligation is terminated by operation of law.
Review of the Monograph "Comparative Criminal Law: Functions, Methods and Theoretical Concepts". Ed. by Kudratov M.A., Pechegin D.A. (2021)
Authors: Trefilov Alexander A.
Published: January 2022

The paper presents an overview of the monograph "Comparative criminal Law: functions, methods and theoretical concepts" devoted to the problems of comparative jurisprudence in the field of criminal law. At the same time, the proposed materials can be useful in constructing a comparative study as a whole.
Improvement of the Taxation System and its Theoretical Justification
Authors: Seliutina Tatiana S.
Published: January 2022

Taxes are one of the main levers of government influence on a national economy and, at the same time, the most important tool for replenishing the governmental budget. These considerations justify the enormous importance of the objective, correct and harmonious construction of a given taxation system, without which the effective functioning and sustainable development of the national economic complex of the country is inconceivable. Currently, the tax system in Russia is undergoing certain changes, especially in terms of direct taxation of income of individuals, which require a comparison of the decisions made with regard to the theoretical provisions of tax optimization. Consequently, the theoretical study of applicable and potentially available tax instruments in the current period is of particular relevance. The author's study of the theory of welfare economics as a basis for seeking and making practical solutions in the formation and improvement of the national tax system is a monographic study of the works of foreign authors and the interpretation of their results concerning the realities of Russian tax policy to substantiate the changes made to the latter or to refute the feasibility of them. In achieving this objective, the methods of scientific analysis were used: dialectic analysis and synthesis. The study is based on the review of relevant scientific and periodic economic literature. The authors conclude that the simultaneous application of direct and indirect taxes is advisable, provided that the determination of the mechanisms for their use is based on different principles barizing out of the theory of welfare economics. The authors indicate that the taxation of income of individuals is the one direct tax, the application of which is often based not only on considerations of economic efficiency, but also on political and sociological motives, in particular, the concept of justice, which, by definition, is subjective and differs among different social groups and political parties. Nevertheless, the authors emphasize the mandatory nature of the non-linear taxation of income of individuals from both economic and political positions. The paper also concludes that it is permissible to use indirect taxation, in particular, in the form of a value added tax. However, in the case of the value added tax, in contrast to the income tax, the preference for applying the same tax rates and avoiding the use of exemptions from the tax base is justified.
Validación y evaluación de una prueba de RT-PCR en tiempo real in house para la detección de SARS-CoV-2 usando un gen específico RdRp y control endógeno GAPDH
Authors: Rojas-Serrano Nancy , Lope-Pari Priscila , Huaringa-Nuñez Maribel , Marques Simas Paulo Vitor , Palacios-Salvatierra Rosa , Balbuena-Torres Johanna , Caceres Rey Omar Alberto , Padilla-Rojas Carlos
Published: January 2022

Se validó y evaluó un método de RT-PCR en tiempo real usando cebadores y sondas específicas para los genes RdRP de SARS-CoV-2 y GAPDH de humanos; este último fue usado como control endógeno. Se evaluó la especificidad y sensibilidad; además, se evaluó otros parámetros como la robustez, la repetibilidad, reproducibilidad, comparabilidad y el límite de detección. La sensibilidad, especificidad, los valores predictivos positivo y negativo, la robustez, comparabilidad y la repetibilidad-reproducibilidad de la prueba de RT-PCR en tiempo real dúplex fue de 100%, con un límite de detección de 100 copias/μL, de acuerdo con los criterios de aceptación establecidos para validación del protocolo. Esta prueba estandarizada es una buena alternativa para el diagnóstico de COVID-19; además, la prueba fue aplicada de manera exitosa en personas sospechosas de la enfermedad permitiendo controlar el número de falsos negativos.
Intercambio desde los cigarrillos convencionales a los sistemas electrónicos de administración de nicotina: revisión sistemática rápida con metaanálisis y aspectos económicos
Authors: Ciapponi Agustín , Rodríguez Cairoli Federico , Solioz Germán , Rojas-Roque Carlos , Hernández-Vásquez Akram , Palacios Alfredo , Bardach Ariel
Published: January 2022

Objetivos. Evaluar cómo y en qué medida se produce un intercambio desde los cigarrillos convencionales (CC) a los sistemas electrónicos de administración de nicotina (SEAN). Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión sistemática hasta agosto de 2019. El desenlace primario fue la proporción de un intercambio completo o parcial de CC a los SEAN y sus aspectos económicos. Los desenlaces secundarios como medidas de resultado fueron la probabilidad de intercambio y la tendencia en el intercambio por países. Resultados. Se encontraron 3628 referencias y se incluyeron 49 estudios con datos epidemiológicos y económicos. Los estudios económicos sobre la elasticidad cruzada de precios mostraron que los CC son parcialmente intercambiables por SEAN. La mayoría de los estudios reportaron que la prevalencia del consumo de cigarrillos electrónicos se incrementó con el tiempo. Tres estudios reportaron una reducción significativa de los CC consumidos por día entre fumadores duales (convencionales más SEAN) en comparación con los consumidores de CC. El odds ratio ajustado y combinado de dejar los CC entre consumidores de SEAN en comparación con quienes nunca consumieron o lo hicieron en el pasado fue de 1,19 (IC95%: 1,09-1,30; heterogeneidad 0%). Los estudios longitudinales mostraron una creciente prevalencia del uso de cigarrillos electrónicos, principalmente en adolescentes. Se encontró una relación negativa entre el consumo y aumento de precio de CC y electrónicos. Conclusión. La probabilidad de dejar de fumar CC entre consumidores habituales de SEAN se incrementó respecto a los consumidores que nunca o que solían consumir SEAN. Estudios económicos reportaron que los cigarrillos electrónicos son parcialmente intercambiables por los CC.
Caracterización molecular de genes de virulencia (lmb, bca y rib) y de resistencia a macrólidos (ermB, ermTR y mefA) en aislamientos clínicos de Streptococcus agalactiae
Authors: Pulido-Colina Angie , Soto Pastrana Javier , Valencia-Bazalar Ester , Zavaleta Apestegui Milagros
Published: January 2022

El objetivo del estudio fue identificar molecularmente los genes de virulencia y resistencia a macrólidos en aislamientos clínicos de Streptococcus agalactiae (EGB), recuperados en 2019 a partir de secreción vaginal (n=9) y orina (n=22), en dos establecimientos de salud de Lima. La identificación y susceptibilidad antimicrobiana se determinaron por el sistema automatizado Vitek® 2, se confirmó la identificación fenotípicamente; la resistencia a macrólidos por el método D-test; la identificación de genes de virulencia (lmb, bca y rib) y de resistencia a macrólidos (ermB, ermTR y mefA) por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). El fenotipo y genotipo de resistencia a macrólidos predominante fue cMLSb (12/31) y ermB (11/31), y el gen de virulencia más frecuente fue lmb (23/31). Todos fueron sensibles a penicilina, ampicilina y vancomicina. Estos hallazgos muestran la necesidad de implementar estudios de epidemiología molecular que permitan un adecuado conocimiento y seguimiento de EGB en el Perú.
Escherichia coli multidrogorresistente en urocultivos realizados en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal de Lima, Perú
Authors: Blas Wendy V. , Gerónimo Ida B. , Ulloa Gabriela M. , Huaman Mónica , Pons Maria J.
Published: January 2022

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Prevalencia de marcadores infecciosos y factores asociados en donantes de un banco de sangre peruano
Authors: More-Yupanqui Miryam Danitza , Canelo-Marruffo Pamela , Miranda-Watanabe Martha , León-Herrera Alessandra , Díaz-Romano Giuliana , Sulca-Huamaní Oliver , Narrea-Cango Antonio , Pinedo-Torres Isabel
Published: January 2022

Se buscó determinar la prevalencia de marcadores infecciosos en donantes de un banco de sangre en Perú y valorar si las variables sociodemográficas del donante se asocian con la presencia de estos marcadores. Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico en 5942 donantes de un banco de sangre durante el 2018. Se determinó la positividad a inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), hepatitis B (VHB), hepatitis C (VHC) y HTLV I-II; además de sífilis y enfermedad de Chagas. La prevalencia de VIH fue 0,81%, VHB 6,19%, VHC 0,12%, HTLV I-II 0,66%, enfermedad de Chagas 2,76% y sífilis 1,73%. Diversos factores sociodemográficos se asociaron con la positividad de marcadores infecciosos. El tipo de donación predominante fue no voluntaria (96%) y el 53% presentó historia de donación previa. Las prevalencias de marcadores infecciosos de VIH, VHB, enfermedad de Chagas y sífilis en los donantes de sangre fueron altas comparadas con otros países de la región.
Diseño y validación de un cuestionario para evaluar la percepción de riesgo de contagio de COVID-19 en población colombiana
Authors: Matar-Khalil Shadye , Ortiz Barrero Melissa Judith , González-Campos José
Published: January 2022

Objetivos. Diseñar y validar un instrumento para evaluar la percepción de riesgo de contagio de COVID-19 en población colombiana. Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional transversal de tipo psicométrico con una muestra de 2350 personas entre los 16 a 65 años, se propusieron las dimensiones e ítems a partir de la revisión de estudios previos sobre la evaluación de la percepción de riesgo en enfermedad y desastres, integrando los lineamientos expuestos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud respecto a las medidas de autoprotección y protocolos de bioseguridad para evitar el contagio de la COVID-19. El proceso de validación ocurrió en dos momentos, primero con una revisión por jueces expertos que evaluaron claridad, suficiencia y pertinencia de cada ítem con respecto a la variable y su dimensión; en segundo momento un análisis factorial confirmatorio y se estimó la consistencia interna con los índices de alpha de Cronbach (α) y omega de McDonald (ω). Resultados. El instrumento elaborado tuvo adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para evaluar la percepción de riesgo de contagio de COVID-19 (α=0,924), con cuatro dimensiones: vulnerabilidad cognitiva (α=0,873); vulnerabilidad emocional (α=0,882); gravedad (α=0,893) y las conductas de riesgo-protección (α=0,941). Conclusiones. Los hallazgos muestran que el instrumento de percepción de riesgo de contagio de COVID-19 (PCRCV19) es una herramienta válida y confiable para evaluar la percepción de riesgo contagio, el cual puede ser adaptado en diferentes grupos poblacionales y contextos.
Revisión metodológica sobre el artículo “Factores asociados a la no utilización de servicios de salud en personas LGBTI de Perú"
Authors: Benites-Meza Jerry K. , Urrunaga-Pastor Diego , Benites-Zapata Vicente A.
Published: January 2022

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Prevalencia de hipertensión arterial y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en una población rural expuesta al arsénico en Argentina
Authors: Soria Analía Graciela , Guber Rosa Silvina , Tefaha Liliana Mónica , Aragón Félix Fernando , Romero Claudio De Jesús , Toledo Roxana Del Valle , Sandoval Noemí Graciela , Áleman Mariano Nicolás
Published: January 2022

Objetivos. Determinar la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial y factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRC) en una población rural expuesta al arsénico (As) en el agua de consumo en la provincia de Tucumán, Argentina. Materiales y métodos. Participaron 352 habitantes adultos. Se midió el consumo de arsénico en agua de bebida y se evaluó la presión arterial, el tabaquismo, el consumo de alcohol de riesgo y perjudicial, la ingesta de sal, la actividad física, el índice de masa corporal, la glucemia y la dislipidemia. El riesgo cardiovascular fue calculado usando el score de Framingham. Resultados. Se dividió la población en Grupo Expuesto (GE) n=90 y Grupo No Expuesto (GNE) n=262. La prevalencia de hipertensión fue 48,9 y 51,1%; tabaquismo 31,1 y 39,7%; consumo de alcohol de riesgo 22,2 y 17,9%; perjudicial 36,6 y 36,6%; ingesta de sal 100 y 100%; actividad física 16,7 y 18,7%; sobrepeso 43,3 y 43,9%; obesidad 25,5 y 25,6%; diabetes 24,4 y 32,8%; y dislipidemia 58,9 y 66,4%. El score de riesgo bajo, moderado o alto fue 50; 21,1; y 28,9% para GE, y 54,6; 19,1 y 26,3% para GNE, respectivamente. Conclusiones. La exposición al As no afecta la prevalencia de FRC. Se identifica una población rural en situación de vulnerabilidad con elevados FRC. La Encuesta Nacional de Factores de Riesgo no refleja lo que ocurre en zonas rurales. La escala de Framingham concuerda con los FRC encontrados. Se requiere la implementación de políticas de promoción de salud que permita mejorar el pronóstico de sufrir eventos cardiovasculares a corto y mediano plazo.
Discrimination between Earthquake P Waves and Microtremors via a Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Liu Heyi , Li Shanyou , Song Jindong
Published: January 2022

The accurate and reliable discrimination of earthquakes from background noise is a primary task of earthquake early warning (EEW); however, ubiquitous and complex microtremor signals substantially complicate this task. To mitigate this problem, a generative adversarial network (GAN) is adopted to distinguish between earthquakes and microtremors in this study. We train a GAN based on 52,537 K-NET and KiK-net strong ground motion records from Japan, and use the well-trained discriminator to identify 5373 P waves and 5373 microtremors in the testing set. The results indicate that this algorithm can correctly identify 99.89% of P waves and 99.24% of microtremors with high confidence. In addition, a verification of the proposed algorithm on data from the Great East Japan earthquake confirms that this model can achieve robust results for local records of large events and ultimately discriminate earthquakes from microtremors. This algorithm is an exploratory test of a GAN for identifying earthquake P waves. Though the GAN uses only P waves for training (There are no microtremors in the input data.), it has extensive potential in seismological and EEW applications.
International expert agenda in education: Key characteristics and problem areas
Authors: Sorokin P. S. , Vyatskaya Yu. A.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. This article presents an analysis of the global expert discourse in education prior to the Covid-2019 pandemic.Aim. The current research aims to analyse expert reports, regarding the theoretical foundations, articulated key trends, stakeholders and skills seen as educational outcomes.Methodology and research methods. The sample consists of 25 reports published in 2012–2020 by leading expert organisations (OECD, World Bank, etc.) devoted to the problems of education (school or higher education) and the relationship between education and the labour market. The main research method is critical discourse analysis.Results. Despite the dominance of the ideas of human capital in these reports, the relationship between “demand”, seen through the prism of global trends, and “supply” in the form of skills that education should provide, turns out to be problematic. Among the main stakeholders in education, managers and administration of educational institutions are emphasised in expert reports. Employers and learners are seen as rather passive players in the educational field. Physical health skills and agency skills are underestimated in global expert discourse despite their increasing relevance demonstrated by COVID-19 pandemic. These findings call for new approaches in global discussion about educational content and results in the context of global pandemic COVID-19.The scientific novelty of the research lies in the empirically grounded analysis of leading international expert discourse, about which there are many stereotypes, often without an evidence base.The practical significance of the study is in the identification of concrete problem areas of international expert discussion in education (at the time before the outbreak of the pandemic) that require strengthening, including on the basis of new research.
English medium instruction in the higher education in Pakistan: A retrospective analysis using the ROAD-MAPPING framework
Authors: Siddiqui K. A.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Introduction. EMI (English as a medium of instruction) is increasing far and wide due to spread of English around the world. Internationalisation and globalisation have compelled various counties to adopt EMI. However, the adoption of EMI in the higher education in Pakistan was more a colonial legacy than a thoughtful choice. In fact, EMI has remained the medium of instruction in the higher education in Pakistan for over seventy years.Aim. The aim of the article was to examine the factors that have contributed to implementation and continuation of EMI in the higher education in Pakistan.Methodology and research methods. The work is based on the retrospective analysis of the available literature on English-medium instruction in the higher education in Pakistan using the ROAD-MAPPING framework. Qualitative text analysis method (concept-driven) was utilised to deductively analyse the data. Thematic analysis of data was conducted employing inductive approach (data-driven).Results. The analysis revealed that English played (and still plays) the roles of official language and MOI (medium of instruction) at the university level in Pakistan. It was also established that these roles remained controversial yet unbeatable due to unclear policies regarding local languages and the tacit, unflinching support EMI received from the corridors of power. In addition, it was also observed that over the years, EMI had received considerable favour from teachers, parents and students in the higher education. Conversely, the research evidence indicated that EMI posed pedagogical challenges to students and teachers which were evident in students’ struggle with academic acculturation. Moreover, it was found out that tensions between international demands and local needs have not only created a socio-economic gap but have also discouraged the development of local languages.Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of this work presents a bigger picture of independent yet interconnected dimensions that have influenced EMI in higher education in Pakistan.Practical significance. The study draws interesting conclusions based on the analysis and discusses practical recommendations for key stakeholders. Thus, the work will be worthy of consideration by educators who are interested in studying this concept in the context of Pakistan where the literature desperately lacks any theoretically-backed substantial work in this research area.
Emerging of Virtual Reality (VR) Technology in Education and Training
Authors: Chimakurthi Venkata Naga Satya Surendra
Published: January 2022

This study comprehensively explores the incorporation of virtual reality (VR) technology into the teaching and training realm. In general, the research investigates and presents the effectiveness of this modern technology in education in relation to the learning process. Besides presenting the multiple benefits of VR in education, the study also highlights the issues that the education department is experiencing while implementing VR as a modern tool of learning.  This study will surely help the scholars to get a better insight into different VR aspects in relation to education and will provide them with a future-thinking to resolve the issues to make it a better tool for the education and training sphere.
Efficacy of Augmented Reality in Medical Education
Authors: Chimakurthi Venkata Naga Satya Surendra
Published: January 2022

Augmented reality has had a great development in various fields such as education, architecture, marketing, and tourism. However, there is another field in which it can be really useful, so much so that it can save lives: medicine. In this article, there is a detailed explanation of how augmented reality proved itself effective in medical education. The hospitals and health centers increasingly have more modern equipment that allows accurate diagnoses and effective treatments put up. This is the case of advances such as X-rays, magnetic resonances, ultrasound treatments, or computed tomography, among many others. The uses of augmented reality in medicine are very varied, although it is still a technology in an early stage of development. It is very likely that, in a short time, the applications of AR in the health sector will multiply. Moreover, it might be used in pandemic rather than typical or random criteria.
WHAT TELL US THIS BIONUMBERS IN PLANT DEFENSE PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION
Authors: BAŞ Berna
Published: January 2022

Plants to survive against to devastating impact of invasive biotic agents have to powerfully struggle in armed combat with microorganisms. Therefore they need to activate rapidly and efficiently pre-existing potential defensive chemicals. After upon perception initial external stimuli through cell membrane receptors and/or cytoplasmic resistance proteins before activity of related genes, some proteins participated in plant immune system undergo alterations referred as molecular modification. Phosphorylation is one of the first steps and most important modifications in signal transduction pathways of plant immunty. While transcription/translation of the gene dependening to molecular size, organism type, ribosome number is proceed in time unit from seconds to minutes, whereas phosphorylation is occurred in the time period expressed with milliseconds/seconds. Why does phosphorylation with compare to gene expression occur quickly in plant cells? In this commentary work inquired of this question, speedity of gene expression and phosphorylation processes on time profile is compared outlining with bionumbers.
Cuestiones polémicas en los procedimientos monitorios relativos a la reclamación de saldo de tarjetas revolving
Authors: Burrero del Castillo David
Published: January 2022

En el presente trabajo me centraré en el estudio, desde la posición procesal del deudor demandado, de algunas de las cuestiones más polémicas que tienen lugar en los procedimientos monitorios y en los procedimientos declarativos subsiguientes relativos a la reclamación de saldo de tarjetas de crédito revolving: los documentos requeridos para la admisión a trámite del procedimiento monitorio, el control de oficio de cláusulas abusivas, la omisión de pronunciamiento sobre la excepción de nulidad causada por la usura, la sujeción de las cláusulas contractuales al control de transparencia y los efectos restitutorios de la declaración de nulidad contractual.
Dos cuestiones prejudiciales sobre la prescripción de la acción de restitución de los gastos hipotecarios y sus efectos en el crédito revolving usurario
Authors:   Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Marín López Manuel Jesús
Published: January 2022

El Tribunal Supremo y el Juzgado de Primera Instancia nº 20 de Barcelona han planteado dos cuestiones prejudiciales al TJUE (ambas por auto de 22 de julio de 2021) sobre el comienzo del plazo de prescripción (dies a quo) de la acción de restitución de las cantidades abonadas por el consumidor como consecuencia de una cláusula nula sobre gastos hipotecarios. En este trabajo se examinan estas dos cuestiones prejudiciales, y en particular, la afirmación contenida en la primera de ellas acerca de que sí prescribe la acción de restitución de cantidades tras la nulidad del contrato o de una cláusula abusiva. Se estudia también la aplicación de esta regla al crédito revolving usurario, con los efectos que ello provoca: la imposibilidad de seguir manteniendo (como hacen algunos tribunales) que no prescribe la acción de restitución de los intereses usurarios abonados.
Mayor transparencia en las transacciones realizadas a través de mercados en línea: novedades en el Real Decreto-ley 24/2021, de 2 de noviembre
Authors:   Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, BERMUDEZ BALLESTEROS MARIA DEL SAGRARIO
Published: January 2022

Con el fin de transponer al derecho interno la Directiva (UE) 2019/2161, el Real Decreto-ley 24/2021, de 2 de noviembre, modifica parte del articulado del TRLGDCU. Concretamente, es el art. 82 del Real Decreto-ley el que contempla las modificaciones en el Texto Refundido. Entre las reformas efectuadas (v.gr. en materia sancionadora), el objetivo de este estudio reside en exponer las que, dentro del capítulo dedicado a los contratos celebrados a distancia y fuera de establecimiento mercantil (arts. 92 a 113 TRLGDCU), versan sobre las transacciones realizadas a través de plataformas virtuales. En este sentido, se exponen los cambios introducidos en materia de información precontractual, haciendo especial hincapié en las nuevas obligaciones informativas que recaen sobre los “proveedores de mercados en línea”.
Modelling and Comparison of the Thermohydraulic Performance with an Economical Evaluation for a Parabolic Trough Solar Collector Using Different Nanofluids
Authors: Ouabouch Omar , Laasri Imad Ait , Kriraa Mounir , Lamsaadi Mohamed
Published: January 2022

This study examines the three-dimensional heat transfer and flow characteristics of nanofluids in a parabolic trough solar collector under turbulent flow conditions, whereas a non-uniform focused heat flux was applied to the absorption pipe. CuO/water, Al2O3/water, TiO2/water, and SiO2/water are studied numerically. The dynamic and thermal fields are determined by the Reynolds number varying between 50000 ≤ Re ≤ 250000, while the volume concentration of nanofluids is the following: 3% CuO, 6% Al2O3, 4.82% SiO2 and 3.15% TiO2, the nanoparticle size of 30 nm by means of Finite Element Method (FEM). Effects of various parameters such as volume fraction of nanoparticles (φ), various Reynolds numbers and type of nanoparticle on thermo-hydraulic performance of the parabolic solar collector are studied. The average Nusselt number, heat transfer coefficient, average friction factor, pressure drop, temperature and velocity distribution are illustrated using four different types of nanofluids and four different volume fractions of nanoparticles with various Reynolds numbers. According to the final results, both TiO2 and CuO nanofluids have better performance in terms of thermal and hydraulic efficiency and evaluation economic performance compared with other nanofluids studied.
Simulation and Experimental Validation of Combustion Characteristics of Dual Fuel LPG-Diesel Engine
Authors: Kumar Shiva , Srinivas Vijay Gaddle , Murthy Krishna , Sudheer Mohammed Shaheen
Published: January 2022

The present work analyses the performance and combustion characteristics of LPG- diesel dual fuel engine. The combustion process has been studied using a two-zone model and vital parameters like pressure rise, peak pressure, heat release rate in both premixed and diffusion phase of combustion are analyzed. The predicted results are compared with the obtained experimental values from a four stroke stationary diesel engine. The results revealed that the performance of the dual fuel engine deteriorates at lower loads and with reduced LPG mass flow rates. It was observed that higher LPG flow rates with higher loads result in abnormal combustion. At 75% load conditions with a 0.6 kg/hr LPG mass flow rate showed optimum engine performance in a higher pressure rise and rate heat release. Further predicted results for the rate of pressure rise and heat release rate indicated a good agreement between the simulated and experimental results with an average difference of 12% between them over the tested range. The present work emphasizes the utilization of gaseous fuel in CI engines more effectively with dual fuel mode since the liquid fuel cost is steadily rising.
Managing Greenhouse Gas Emissions Quotas on the Way to Decarbonizing the Economy
Authors: Nemtinova Yu.V. , Nemtinov V.A.
Published: January 2022

The analysis of the problems associated with greenhouse gas emissions in various sectors of the world economy is carried out. It is noted that in recent decades, greenhouse gases have caused global damage such as global warming and climate change. Complete decarbonization of global industry is necessary to achieve climate stabilization, and achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050–2070 is necessary to limit global warming to 2 °C. The authors consider the issues of solving the problem of managing greenhouse gas emissions in the regional economy, in particular: setting the problem, creating an information model and a set of programs for decision-making on the interaction between carbon market participants on the scale of a separate region (on the example of a number of enterprises in various fields of activity of the Tambov region of the Russian Federation). The proposed management methodology allows to reduce total costs for economic entities in the interests of the entire region. Thus, the authors proposed a tool to stimulate economic subjects, the use of which will bring them and the whole society closer to decarbonization of the economy.
Space-based Applications of Remote Sensing in Studying Opencast Mining and Ecology at Deposits of Non-ferrous Metal Ores
Authors: Zenkov I.V. , Le Hung Trinh , Vokin V.N. , Kiryushina E.V. , Latyntsev A.A. , Kondrashov P.M. , Pavlova P.L. , Konov V.N. , Lunev A.S. , Skornyakova S.N. , Maglinets Yu.A. , Raevich K.V.
Published: January 2022

Data on mining landscapes at large deposits of non-ferrous metal ores, both abandoned and opencast, in the mining regions of Russia based on the remote sensing have been presented. On the basis of high-resolution satellite images, the number of mining and conveyor equipment in opencast quarries at deposits of non-ferrous metal ores and gold has been determined. Through mining logistics indicators determied via satellite images, diesel fuel consumption by haul trucks involved in pit-run rock transportation has been calculated. The toxic substances emission by haul truck at deposits of non-ferrous metal ores has been rated.
Osteomyelitis Post Nerve Blockage as the Implication of Bone Scan in a Patient With Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor: A Case Report
Authors: Farzanehfar Saeed , Mirzabeigi Arefeh , Ghalandari Nafiseh , Abbasi Mehrshad
Published: January 2022

A 41-year-old female with retractable epigastric pain due to an invasive neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas was treated with blockage and radiofrequency ablation of the celiac and splanchnic plexuses. Then, the patient developed back pain, and a bone scan revealed abnormal uptake in the lower thoracic vertebrae despite a normal CT scan. The findings were interpreted as a local invasion of the tumor or iatrogenic post-manipulation inflammation or infection. MRI data presented the destruction of the thoracic 11th and 12th vertebrae, and pathology examination of the open biopsy sample favored inflammatory changes.
An Anatomical Variat﻿ion in the Position of the Mental Foramen: A Case Report
Authors: Moshfeghi Mahkameh , Gandomi Shiva
Published: January 2022

Evaluating the anatomic variations and location of the mental foramen is essential for preventing damages to the branches of the mental nerve during dental implants placement and other surgical procedures. The mental foramen commonly lies at the apices of the mandibular premolars. This foramen may lie in the canine anterior segment or the posterior first molar area in only 1%-2% of cases. This report presents a case with a rare mental foramen position identified in Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).
An Update to the Current Passive Immunotherapeutic Approaches to COVID-19 Treatment
Authors: Ghaffari Sasan , Kazerooni Hanif , Salehi-Najafabadi Amir
Published: January 2022

The newest member of the coronavirus family, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a pandemic (after being endemic in Wuhan, China) and is threatening to the health of every person on the planet. Nearly 1.5 years after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide challenges, a gold-standard, highly effective anti-viral therapy is still undiscovered. The urgency of this pandemic has forced all scientists to tackle this problem using any logical mode of therapy. One such approach is modulating and manipulating the host’s immune response using immunotherapy against SARS-CoV-2 infection and its collateral complications. This review article aims to present an update on the immunopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, and how it, directly and indirectly, deteriorates the patients’ condition. The latest findings of preclinical and clinical trials using passive immunotherapy in the context of the COVID-19 are compiled as well.
Clinical Manifestations and Laboratory Findings in Patients with Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (LAD)
Authors: Nirouei Matineh , Maghoul Arman , Heidarzadeh Marzieh , Sharif Reihane
Published: January 2022

Objectives: Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (LAD) is a rare, inherited, immunodeficiency disease which is caused by defects in the leukocyte adhesion process. The migration of leukocytes to the blood vessel’s wall, needs multiple steps called adhesion cascade. In LAD, defects in rolling, integrin activation and firm adhesion of the leukocytes have been described.
Methods: In this study, we selected 67 patients with the confirmed diagnosis of LADs, from Iranian immunodeficiency registry center. A demographic information of the clinical complications and laboratory data were obtained from all the patients to evaluate the clinical manifestations.
Results: A total of 67 patients (38 male and 29 female), with a median age of 18 months old, were included in the present study. The first presentations were omphalitis in 28.35% of the cases, followed by delayed umbilical cord separation in 22.38% of the patients. The frequency of delayed umbilical cord separation was 41.8%, and was higher among other manifestations of our patients. Cellulitis and Omphalitis were observed in 40.3% and 38.8% of the patients, respectively. Regarding the laboratory findings, we found leukocytosis in 86.6 %( neutrophil dominant in 76.1%), and anemia in 77.6%, and thrombocytosis in 25.4% of the patients.
Conclusion: We indicated in the present study that the most common clinical manifestations, were delayed umbilical cord separation and recurrent infection in Iranian patients with LAD disorders. In laboratory findings, we found leukocytosis in most of the patients. CD18 was decreased in more than 90 % of the patients.