bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping the spatial extent of H I-rich absorbers using Mg II absorption along gravitational arcs
Authors: Berg Trystyn A. M. , Afruni Andrea , Ledoux Cédric , Lopez Sebastian , Noterdaeme Pasquier , Tejos Nicolas , Hernandez Joaquin , Barrientos Felipe , Johnston Evelyn J.
Published: December 2024

H I-rich absorbers seen within quasar spectra contain the bulk of neutral gas in the Universe. However, the spatial extent of these reservoirs are not extensively studied due to the pencil beam nature of quasar sightlines. Using two giant gravitational arc fields (at redshifts 1.17 and 2.06) as 2D background sources with known strong Mg II absorption observed with the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer integral field spectrograph (IFS), we investigated whether spatially mapped Mg II absorption can predict the presence of strong H I systems, and determine both the physical extent and H I mass of the two absorbing systems. We created a simple model of an ensemble of gas clouds in order to simultaneously predict the H I column density and gas covering fraction of H I-rich absorbers based on observations of the Mg II rest-frame equivalent width in IFS spaxels. We first test the model on the lensing field with H I observations already available from the literature, finding that we can recover H I column densities consistent with the previous estimates (although with large uncertainties). We then use our framework to simultaneously predict the gas covering fraction, H I column density and total H I gas mass (MHI) for both fields. We find that both of the observed strong systems have a covering fraction of ≈70% and are likely damped Lyman α systems (DLAs) with MHI > 109 M⊙. Our model shows that the typical Mg II metrics used in the literature to identify the presence of DLAs are sensitive to the gas covering fraction. However, these Mg II metrics are still sensitive to strong H I, and can be still applied to absorbers towards gravitational arcs or other spatially extended background sources. Based on our results, we speculate that the two strong absorbers are likely representative of a neutral inner circumgalactic medium and are a significant reservoir of fuel for star formation within the host galaxies.
The density profile of Milky Way dark matter halo constrained from the OGLE microlensing sky map
Authors: Lin S. , Luo W. , Cai Y. F. , Guo Q. , Wei L. , Wang B. , Li Q. , Su C. , Rodriguez A.
Published: December 2024

We report the detection of a core with a size of 282−31+34 pc in the center of Milky Way dark matter halo at the 68% confidence level. It was detected using the microlensing event-rate sky map data from the optical gravitational lensing experiment (OGLE) survey. We applied the spatial information of the microlensing sky map and modeled it with the detailed Milky Way dark matter halo core-cusp profile, and with the fraction of dark matter in the form of mini dark matter structure (MDMS; fMDMS = ΩMDMS/ΩDM) such as a primordial black hole, Earth-mass subhalos, or floating planets. This sky map can simultaneously constrain fMDMS and the core size without a strong degeneracy while fully considering the mass function of Milky Way stellar components from the bulge and disk.
Pediatric Cardiac Patients with Pulmonary Hemorrhage supported on ECMO: an ELSO Registry study
Authors: Anton-Martin Pilar , Young Caroline , Sandhu Hitesh , Vellore Shilpa
Published: December 2024

Background: Pulmonary hemorrhage (PH) is a rare but potentially devastating condition and pediatric cardiac patients are at increased risk for. ECMO may be used to safely support these patients, but data is limited.
Methods: Observational retrospective cohort study from the ELSO Registry database in pediatric cardiac patients from birth to 18 years old with PH supported on ECMO from January 2011 through December 2020. The objectives of the study were to characterize pediatric cardiac patients with PH before ECMO and to describe factors associated with improved survival.
Results: A total of 161 cardiac neonates and children with PH supported on ECMO were analyzed. Median age and weight were 40 days (IQR 7.3-452) and 4.06 kg (IQR 3-9.36), respectively. Congenital heart disease accounted for 77% of diagnoses. Survival to hospital discharge was 35.8%. Before ECMO cannulation, most patients were ventilated in conventional modes (79.7%), followed by high-frequency oscillatory (HFOV) ventilation (11%). There was a significantly higher use of HFOV pre-cannulation in survivors compared to non-survivors (24.4% vs 2.8%, p <0.001). Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated that HFOV before ECMO (OR 28.44, p <0.001) and the absence of hemorrhagic (OR 3.51, p 0.031) and renal (OR 3.50, p 0.027) complications were independent predictors for survival to hospital discharge.
Conclusion: Utilization of HFOV before cannulation to ECMO seems to be associated with improved survival in pediatric cardiac patients with acute pulmonary hemorrhage. A prospective assessment of mechanical ventilation practices before ECMO may improve outcomes in this medically complex population.
Die Hautklinik Dortmund – Gestern und Heute
Authors: Susok Laura , Weyer-Fahlbusch Sera Selina , Gambichler Thilo , Beiteke Ulrike
Published: December 2024

Die Hautklinik Dortmund blickt auf eine über 130-jährige Geschichte zurück, die eng mit der wirtschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen Entwicklung der Region verbunden ist. Gegründet 1889 im Luisen-Hospital, entwickelte sie sich unter der Leitung von Prof. Johannes Fabry zu einem Zentrum für die Behandlung von Geschlechtskrankheiten, berufsbedingten Hauterkrankungen und dermatologischen Tumoren. Mit innovativen Ansätzen, darunter neuen Therapien gegen Syphilis und Studien zur Hauttuberkulose, prägte die Klinik frühzeitig die dermatologische Forschung.

Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg trieb eine Modernisierungsphase unter Leitung von Prof. Curt Carrié und später Prof. Hagen Tronnier den Ausbau der Klinik voran, insbesondere in der Berufsdermatologie, Allergologie und Tumortherapie. Unter Prof. Peter J. Frosch wurden präventive Strategien und standardisierte Testverfahren für Kontaktallergien etabliert, während die operative Dermatologie durch moderne Technologien wie Lasertherapie erweitert wurde. Prof. Dorothée Nashan führte die Klinik mit Schwerpunkt in der Dermatoonkologie und baute die Zusammenarbeit mit Berufsgenossenschaften und Forschungseinrichtungen aus.

Seit 2023 leitet Frau Priv.-Doz. Dr. Laura Susok die Klinik und setzt Schwerpunkte in der Dermatoonkologie, der Kinderdermatologie und Autoimmunerkrankungen. Die Studienambulanz wurde ausgebaut. Die Universität Witten/Herdecke unterstützt die Dermatologie des Klinikums Dortmund aktiv mit zwei Forschungsförderungen. Mit modernen stationären Einheiten, wachsendem Patientenaufkommen und innovativen Behandlungsmethoden bleibt die Hautklinik Dortmund ein führendes Zentrum der Dermatologie, das sich an den Bedürfnissen einer zunehmend ambulanten Versorgungsstruktur orientiert.
MRT-Sakroiliitis – Einfluss von Geschlecht und Anatomie auf
Läsionen
Authors: Ziegeler Katharina , Ulas Sevtap Tugce
Published: December 2024

Die MRT-Bildgebung der Sakroiliakalgelenke spielt eine zentrale Rolle in der
Differentialdiagnostik des entzündlichen Rückenschmerzes. In der Interpretation
der Bildgebung gibt es jedoch wesentliche Unterschiede zwischen Männern und
Frauen zu beachten. Dies betrifft sowohl die Abgrenzung echter entzündlicher von
rein degenerativ-entzündlichen Veränderungen als auch die tendenziell
unterschiedlichen bildgebenden Verläufe einer axialen Spondyloarthritis (axSpA).
Aufgrund anatomisch-biomechanischer Gegebenheiten haben Frauen ein höheres
Risiko, mechanisch-degenerative Erkrankungen der Sakroiliakalgelenke zu
entwickeln; diese können in der klinischen Praxis schwer von einer Sakroiliitis
zu unterscheiden sein. Im Rahmen einer axialen Spondyloarthritis finden sich bei
Frauen häufiger Sklerosen und bei Männern häufiger Ankylosen und
postentzündliche Fettmetaplasien. Die diagnostische Genauigkeit der MRT der
Sakroiliakalgelenke ist bei Frauen niedriger als bei Männern. Eine Kenntnis der
anatomisch-biomechanischen Unterschiede zwischen Männern und Frauen ermöglicht
somit eine präzisere radiologische Diagnostik bei Verdacht auf axiale
Spondyloarthritis.
Do Systemic Inflammatory Indices, Urinalysis, and Radiological
Findings Vary by Causative Pathogen in Neonatal Urinary Tract
Infections?
Authors: Elbayiyev Sarkhan , Kadıoğlu Şimşek Gülsüm , Çevirici Tevfik , Karaçağlar Nazmiye Bengü , Kanmaz Kutman Hayriye Gözde , Canpolat Fuat Emre
Published: December 2024

Objectives Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the most common occult
infections in infants under three months of age with high fever, caused by
various pathogens, and can progress with different symptoms from mild to severe.
We planned to explore and compare pathogen-specific systemic inflammatory
indices, urinalysis, and radiological findings in newborns.

Methods The retrospective study included preterm and term neonates with
single pathogen growth of≥50.000 colony-forming units (CFU) /mL from urine
cultures obtained by first-time catheterization between September 2019 and
November 2021. Baseline hemogram parameters, acute phase reactants, systemic
inflammatory indexes, urinalysis, and radiological findings were analyzed in
pathogen-specific groups.

Results Of the 132 patients included in the study, gastrointestinal
symptoms were the most common. C-reactive protein values were higher in the non-
E. Coli group (p<0.05). Procalcitonin values were higher in patients with
Klebsiella spp. isolates (p<0.05). Systemic inflammatory indexes were higher
in patients with Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci isolates (p<0.05). Urinary
acidity was higher in the non-E. Coli group (p<0.05). Escherichia Coli and
Klebsiella Spp. were isolated in two-thirds of patients with leukocyte esterase
positivity. The most common cause of UTI in patients with abnormal renal
ultrasound findings was E. Coli (33.3%).

Conclusion Our findings imply that unconventional tests could assist in
pathogen differentiation, determining clinical presentation, and prognosis.
Effect of Glutaraldehyde-Based Desensitizer on Control of Tooth Sensitivity and Tooth Color Post-bleaching: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: de Mesquita Raíssa Araújo , Takeuchi Elma Vieira , Maria Eduarda Cardoso de Oliveira Pereira , Araújo Jesuina Lamartine Nogueira , Alves Eliane Bermeguy , Silva Cecy Martins
Published: December 2024

Objectives This randomized, controlled, single-blind, split-mouth clinical study evaluated the effect of the application of a glutaraldehyde-based desensitizer on the prevention of tooth sensitivity (TS) and the changes in the color of the teeth after bleaching.

Materials and Methods Twenty-five patients were selected for participation in the study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients' right and left hemiarches were randomized into two groups: the placebo group, which received distilled water application and whitening treatment, and the Gluma group, which received Gluma application, followed by whitening treatment. The patients were examined after three bleaching sessions with 35% hydrogen peroxide. TS was measured using a numerical rating scale for 21 days from the beginning of bleaching. The tooth color was monitored using a spectrophotometer at times T0 (baseline) and T1 (after 21 days). The color analysis results were recorded using the CieLab system; the CIEDE2000 formula was applied to obtain the ΔE00 and ΔL values.

Statistical Analysis For statistical analysis, the Friedman analysis of variance test was used for intragroup evaluation, and the Wilcoxon test was used for a between-group comparison of the TS results. Student's t-test paired the ΔE00 and ΔL values of the groups. A 5% significance level was adopted.

Results Intragroup analysis of the sensitivity results showed a statistically significant difference between the pain levels evaluated through days 1 to 21 (p < 0.001), and the highest median values were observed on the days when the whitening sessions were performed (days 1, 8, and 15) and right after the sessions (days 2, 9, and 16). However, in the intergroup analysis, no statistical difference in sensitivity was found between the placebo and Gluma. No statistical difference was found between the influences of the placebo and Gluma treatments on the color obtained after tooth whitening using parameters ᐃE00 and ᐃL (p > 0.05).

Conclusion The use of Gluma prior to bleaching does not prevent TS and does not interfere with the color results obtained by tooth bleaching.
Comparison of Premature Ejaculation in Men with Focal Epilepsy and Generalized Tonic-Clonic Epilepsy
Authors: Adibi Amir , Otaghi Masoumeh , Aghamiri Seyed Hossein
Published: December 2024

Introduction premature ejaculation (PE) is one of the most common sexual disorders in men.

Objectives Considering the importance of sexual health in men, especially patients with epilepsy, this study was conducted with the aim of comparing premature ejaculation in men with focal epilepsy and generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCS).

Methods In this cross-sectional and observational study, patients with epilepsy were included in the study. The examined patients were examined by psychiatrists and neurologists, and sampling was done according to the entry and exit criteria. The total sample size was 200 people, including 100 patients with focal epilepsy and 100 patients with GTCS. The tools used included demographic profile form, Men Sexual Health Questionnaire (MSHQ), Sexual Quality of Life-Men (SQOL-M), and Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT). The study was conducted to include patients referred to specialized clinics and hospitals and who had the necessary conditions to participate in the study. Considering that all the patients were male, the questioning was done by a male researcher. Then, the extracted data were entered into SPSS statistical software.

Results Result showed, the M(SD) age of the patients in the focal epilepsy group was equal to 30.18(3.85). M(SD) score of MSHQ tool was equal to 51.81 (11.98), SQOL-M tool was equal to 34.75 (9.36) and PEDT tool was equal to 8.63 (4.79). In this study, although the M(SD) of the PE score in the focal epilepsy group was reported to be 9.17 (4.49) higher than that of the GTCS group with a rate of 8.09 (5.04), but this difference was not significant. also, the findings showed that there was a significant relationship between the status of the PEDT score, the status of the SQOL-M score, and the MSH score (p < 0.05). MSHQ score and SQOL-M score were reported to be lower in patients with PE disorder.

Conclusion According to the findings, the prevalence of sexual disorders including PE in both groups of patients with epilepsy is significant. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to reduce the rate of PE in these patients.
Analysis of the Molecular Profile of Melanoma Brain Metastases using Immunohistochemistry
Authors: Arruda Shiro Manoel Shimoakoishi de , Suzuki Sergio Hideki , Lucio Jose Erasmo Dal Col , Saruwatari Robson Tadashi , Silva Vinicius Trindade Gomes da , Veiga Raphael Esteves , Neto Anibal Rodrigues , Marcilio Eloah Silva
Published: December 2024

Brain metastases from melanoma represent an advanced and aggressive form of the disease. Understanding their molecular characteristics is crucial for improving diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. The main objectives of this study were to identify and characterize molecular alterations present in brain metastases from melanoma and to clinically correlate them. The clinical-epidemiological information was anonymously and retrospectively obtained. Brain metastases from melanoma were collected through surgical biopsies, which were processed and analyzed using immunohistochemical markers. A total of 132 samples were initially selected, resulting in 8 samples of metastatic melanoma in the brain region included in this analysis. Regarding the frequency of immunohistochemical markers in brain samples of melanoma metastasis, 75% showed positive BRAF V600R, 62% contained positive SOX10, 37% positive HMB45, and 25% positive Melan-A. Regarding the location, 4 of them were in the frontal lobe, 3 in the parietal lobe, and 1 in the cerebellum. Among the samples, 87.5% originated from the supratentorial region of the brain, while 12.5% came from the infratentorial region. At the time, half of the patients were under 65 years old, with a significant proportion of 25% of individuals being below 40 years old. Moreover, 87.5% had two or more brain lesions at the time of diagnosis. Among the 12.5% that comprised the single lesion group at the time of analysis, the frontal lobe location stands out. The findings indicate heterogeneity among tumors and metastases in different anatomical locations. Further investigations are needed to validate these findings and elucidate their clinical applicability.
Model-free dynamic estimation of fore-aft and side-to-side wind turbine tower deflections
Authors: Saavedra Marcos David , Inthamoussou Fernando A. , Garelli Fabricio
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a novel approach for estimating the fore-aft and side-to-side displacements in wind turbines. The proposed methodology exploits the capability of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) to capture complex temporal relationships, making them suitable for modeling the dynamic behavior of the deflections. Unlike traditional analytical estimators, the proposed solution learns the system dynamics directly from operational data, eliminating the necessity for high-fidelity mathematical modeling. In contrast to previous data-driven methods, this approach not only considers the dynamics in the data through recurrent structures, but also provides instantaneous deflections estimates, which is critical for real-time load monitoring and control applications. This real-time capability, combined with the dynamic nature of the RNN structure, advances the field by addressing both accuracy and temporal responsiveness in estimation. Based on a meticulous analysis of the available signals, a minimum common set of input variables present in the wind turbine control loop is determined by carrying out a correlation analysis using Spearman's coefficients and a frequency domain analysis in each of the system's operating regions. Additionally, Hurst exponents are used to evaluate the persistence of the target variable, providing insights into the conditions under which a RNN estimator outperforms a static neural network estimator. The data used in this study has been generated from the certified simulator FAST (Fatigue, Aerodynamics, Structures, and Turbulence). The results are contrasted with the ones obtained using a technique recently published and experimentally validated. They demonstrate the effectiveness of the estimators in reconstructing the oscillations throughout the wind turbine's operating range using only a few input signals.
High-resolution emission spectroscopy of W I lines: Comparing near-threshold sputtering of mono- and polycrystalline tungsten by Ar ions
Authors: Sackers M. , Marchuk O. , Ertmer S. , Brezinsek S. , Granberg F. , Kreter A.
Published: December 2024

This work presents the first experimental study on the near-threshold sputtering regime for monocrystalline low-index plane tungsten targets investigated using high-resolution emission spectroscopy. We analyzed the line shape emitted by sputtered atoms, which contains information on the angular and velocity distribution functions via Doppler broadening. Specifically, we report changes in the line profile of the resonant W I 498.4 nm transition during plasma exposure of polycrystalline and monocrystalline (100) and (111) tungsten targets at the linear plasma device PSI-2. Biasing the targets from −60 V to −100 V provided low-energy argon ions for near-threshold sputtering. The line shapes, measured along the angle of observation perpendicular to the normal of the sample, were significantly broader for the monocrystalline (100) and (111) compared to that of the polycrystalline target. In particular, the (111) target demonstrates a pronounced heart-shaped profile. The modeling captures this distribution via a ∝ cos(θ)exp(−bθ) function—θ is the polar angle—combined with a parameterized Thompson velocity distribution. Furthermore, comparing the experimental data to molecular dynamics simulations at 100 eV illustrates a reasonable agreement of the angular distribution function with the measurements.
Absolute magneto-optical measurement of magnetic field on a long pulse high electrical current driven solenoid
Authors: Owens Israel , Ulmen Ben , Vigil Kenny , Lucero Larry , Lamppa Derek , Grabowski Chris
Published: December 2024

We describe a direct absolute magneto-optical approach to measuring the magnetic field driven by long pulse width (>5 ms) and high electrical current (∼kA) in a solenoidal coil. The magnetic field and electrical current are among the most important operating parameters in lightning research and electrical power distribution and are essential to understanding the properties of the radiation output in pulsed energy accelerators as well as other research platforms. However, accurately measuring these magnetic fields and electrical currents using conventional electrical diagnostics is difficult due to the strength of ionizing radiation and electromagnetic interference. Our approach uses a fiber coupled laser beam with a rare earth element material sensing crystal that is highly resistant to electromagnetic interference, allows for absolute measurement, and does not require an external calibration. Here, we focus on device theory, operating parameters, magneto-optical results from an experiment on a high current solenoid, and comparison with a calculation of the magnetic field and reference electrical current flowing downstream of the solenoid.
Directional power loss in magnetic thin films guided by magnetic anisotropy from magnetic nanoparticle chains
Authors: Marć M. , Drzewiński A. , Wolak W. W. , Drzewiecki A. , Mudry S. , Shtablavyi I. , Dudek M. R.
Published: December 2024

The property of directional power absorption from a microwave magnetic field in thin anisotropic magnetic films was demonstrated. They are 2D printed magnetic nanoparticle chains on polyethylene foil (LDPE) made of single-domain Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles with magnetic uniaxial anisotropy. The 2D feature of the magnetic material results from the self-assembling of magnetic nanoparticles into ring-shaped chains during the drying of the magnetic colloid droplet on LDPE. Ferromagnetic resonance experiments on such thin magnetic films showed the possibility of selective dissipation of microwave magnetic field power. The experimental results were supported by computer simulations using Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equations. The possibility of directional power loss in the absence of a static magnetic field was also briefly discussed.
Demonstration of grain reorientation during GaN early stage coalescence grown by novel pendeo-epitaxy approach
Authors: Wehbe Maya , Charles Matthew , Pino Muñoz Daniel , Baril Kilian , Labchir Nabil , Labau Sebastien , Gourgon Cecile , Alloing Blandine , Coulon Pierre-Marie , Zuniga-Perez Jesús , Zatterin Edoardo , Gergaud Patrice
Published: December 2024

In this work, we demonstrate that initially misoriented gallium nitride (GaN) crystalline grains grown on top of GaN/AlN/Si/SiO2 nano-pillars, and which have nucleated independently, realign themselves upon coalescence to form high crystalline quality GaN platelets. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) combined with cathodoluminescence (CL) and scanning x-ray diffraction microscopy (SXDM) provided complementary information on the structural properties of GaN before and during the initial coalescence growth phase. SXDM measurements on GaN coalescing at an early growth stage and on GaN pillars only (prior to growth) confirmed that the initially misoriented GaN pillars coalesce into larger well-defined GaN domains (3.9 μm) very well oriented by themselves, with a spatially varying broadening of the diffraction peak that is maximum at the boundaries between neighboring domains, as identified in the spatially resolved orientation maps. The presence of geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) at the domain boundaries detected in the EBSD is confirmed by CL images and the estimated GND density is 2 × 1011 cm−2 in these specific zones. Additionally, statistical analysis of SXDM maps indicated that 0.1° of tilt between neighboring pillars constitutes the limit for the current pendeo-epitaxy growth approach for the formation of pillar groups similar in size to the perfectly aligned GaN domains upon coalescence. This work illustrates the potential of this growth strategy to produce high crystalline quality GaN platelets adapted for micro-LEDs growth, and, most importantly, it provides a microscopic insight into the coalescence process, which could be extended to other materials and growth approaches.
Brightness improvement of edge-emitting lasers by combining vertical broad-area HiBBEE and laterally inhomogeneous waveguides
Authors: Wu Cheng-Kun , Xue Xiao-E. , Tian Si-Cong , Miah Md. Jarez , Strittmatter André , Bimberg Dieter
Published: December 2024

1060 nm high-brightness vertical broad-area edge-emitting (HiBBEE) lasers with laterally inhomogeneous ridge waveguides are investigated. The effects of triangular, fishbone, and square-shaped corrugations on the loss of fundamental and higher-order modes are calculated by the beam propagation method. Lasers with 15 µm ridge width, 2 mm cavity length, and various types of corrugations are fabricated. The combination of vertical broad-area and fishbone- and square-shaped corrugations yields excellent beam quality, with beam quality factors M2 ≤ 1.5 and 2.6 in vertical and lateral directions, respectively. Despite the loss in output power due to the increased losses incurred by the corrugations, corrugated lasers provide higher brightness than the reference laser with a conventional straight ridge waveguide. HiBBEE lasers with square-shaped corrugated ridges provide 1.7 times larger brightness than the reference lasers.
Study on the impact of asymmetric design on the hydrodynamic characterization of the disk-shaped autonomous underwater helicopter surging near the seabed
Authors: Guo Jin , Tan Xinghui , Lim Zhuoxu , Lin Yuan , Zhang Xiaochao , Huang Haocai , Chen Ying
Published: December 2024

Hydrodynamic characteristics of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are significantly changed when they are close to the seabed boundary. In this study, the hydrodynamic performance of a newly developed disk-shaped AUV—the autonomous underwater helicopter (AUH) near the bottom boundary is investigated. The hull-shape modification into an asymmetric hull geometry was proposed to improve the near-bottom hydrodynamic performance and guide future work on AUH profile optimization. It was indicated that multiple zero-velocity regions are formed beneath the vessel when it surges near the bottom boundary. This induced the intricate interactions of boundary layers between the AUH and the seabed. Moreover, abrupt evolution on the profile of the AUH hull could induce strong shear and vortices between the vessel and the boundary, potentially causing phenomena like flow separation and reattachment. The bottom profile of the AUH was designed to reduce the bulge and increase the area of the horizontal region, which considerably reduced the drag and meanwhile increased the stability. Furthermore, two mechanisms depending on the hull profile near the bottom boundary, namely, the blocking effect that leads to both higher drag and lift and the acceleration effect that reduces the drag and lift, were suggested to explain the alteration of the hydrodynamic performance near the bottom boundary.
Optimum micro-vortex generator design for planar symmetric diffuser under fully developed turbulent flow
Authors: Reddy Harshavardhan , S Balaji
Published: December 2024

A systematic parametric investigation to determine the optimal micro-vortex generator (MVG) design for a large-opening-angle planar symmetric diffuser with an area ratio of 4.7, operating under steady, fully developed turbulent inlet flow conditions is reported. This numerical study explores the relationship between geometric and performance parameters to meet specific design criteria. computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed by solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations coupled with the shear stress transport k–ω turbulence model. The investigation covered diffuser opening angles (2θ) ranging from 10° to 20°, with inflow speeds varying from 7.76 to 38.8 m/s. The study systematically analyzed the effects of three-dimensional isotropic geometric scaling of the diffuser at different opening angles mounted with a row of optimally sized MVG blade pairs, benchmarking against both unscaled and baseline (without MVG) cases. Careful selection of MVG geometrical parameters effectively mitigates adverse pressure gradient-induced boundary layer separation from the diffuser walls, thereby enhancing performance and improving exit flow quality. For the diffusers evaluated, a symmetrically located row of counter-rotating vane-type MVGs with parameters h/δ ∼0.275–0.325, g/h = 1, e/h = 8, β = 18° and xvg/H = 0.15–0.2 is proposed as the optimal design choice.
Polymorphism and phase transitions in layered uranium(VI) hydroxides: Ab initio lattice dynamics simulations of UO2(OH)2
Authors: Weck Philippe F. , Kim Eunja
Published: December 2024

The phase transitions and thermodynamics of stoichiometric α-, β-, and γ-UO2(OH)2 polymorphs are investigated using density functional perturbation theory. The pressure-induced β(Pbca) → α(Cmca) phase transition is reproduced by calculations, with a volume reduction of ΔV/V = −14.7% similar to experiment. Consistent with observation, a temperature-driven γ(P21/c) → β(Pbca) phase transition is predicted near 533 K. At 298.15 K, the computed standard molar heat capacity of α-UO2(OH)2 is Cp0 = 112.1 J mol−1 K−1, only 1.6% smaller than the value of Cp0 = 113.96 ± 0.12 J mol−1 K−1 measured by calorimetry. Cp0 = 112.4 and 104.8 J mol−1 K−1 are predicted for the β- and γ-UO2(OH)2 polymorphs, respectively. The calculated molar enthalpy and Gibbs energy functions of the α-, β-, and γ-UO2(OH)2 polymorphs are also reported.
Experimental investigation on CO2 flooding for enhanced light oil recovery in low-permeability sandstones under multiple controlling factors by online nuclear magnetic resonance testing
Authors: Qi Dachao , Liu Weiqun , Guo Chaobin , Ma Tianran , Wang Zeng , Song Chen , Wei Dongyao , Yang Rui
Published: December 2024

As an efficacious medium for enhancing oil recovery, CO2 has been extensively employed in the domain of petroleum extraction and can effectively improve the oil recovery rate to a certain extent. However, the mechanisms of oil–gas distribution and migration in low-permeability reservoirs remain unclear and require further study. The development of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) testing provides a new method for visualizing displacement experiments. This research investigates CO2 displacement and NMR testing on low-permeability cores, simultaneously focusing on multiple controlling factors such as injection pressure, temperature, core permeability, and CO2 phase state. Cores were selected based on NMR assessments of pore-permeability characteristics, followed by four sets of displacement experiments. Results show that injection pressure and core permeability are the primary factors influencing oil recovery. High injection pressure can enhance oil recovery and effective recovery occurs when pressure exceeds the threshold (about 6 MPa for core #3 in this study), with recovery rates above 30%. Low-permeability cores do not form effective displacement channels, while high-permeability cores, especially those with fractures, are prone to CO2 breakthrough, reducing recovery efficiency, such as core #6. During low-pressure recovery, there is a discernible migration of oil from smaller to larger pores before extraction, totally differing from the pattern observed in high-pressure recovery. Additionally, temperature increases were found to improve recovery slightly, but the impact of CO2 phase on recovery remains inconclusive due to the limitation of the equipment and need further discussion.
The effect of ion solvation on ion-induced nucleation—A generalized Thomson model
Authors: Kroll Roni , Tsori Yoav
Published: December 2024

We present a model for ion-induced nucleation, focusing on the effect of dissociated ions embedded in the fluid surrounding a charged core or colloid. The model includes the ions' direct electrostatic energy and preferential solvation. The integrated ions' free energy has two terms: The first can be short- or long-range, depending on their density. The second is proportional to the nucleus' volume and can shift the state from undersaturation to supersaturation at high ion concentration. The inclusion of the Gibbs transfer energies of ions in the free energy leads to a modified Poisson-Boltzmann equation for the potential around the core. The integrated ions' free energy is added to the fluids' interfacial and bulk terms to establish a generalized Thomson model. In the Debye–Hückel limit, the model is solved analytically, while in the nonlinear regime, it is solved numerically. The state diagram in the plane of saturation and core charge includes regions with a homogeneous phase, electro-prewetting, metastable vapor, metastable nucleus, and spontaneous nucleation states. The lines separating these regions depend sensitively on the preferential solvation. Our model shows nucleation asymmetry to the sign of the nucleus' charge. This sign asymmetry is due to the Gibbs transfer energies of ions.
Draining of a water tank under inadequate ventilation conditions
Authors: Zheng Zhaolin , Xiao Yuanhao , Zhu David Z. , Liang Jialing , Zheng Feifei , Wang Hang , Ma Yiyi
Published: December 2024

Draining processes through a bottom orifice of a water tank under different ventilation conditions were studied experimentally. The water pressure fluctuations at the tank bottom and the air pressure in the headspace were measured simultaneously, based on which the air–water flow features were analyzed. From the experiments, three drainage modes were identified, including a periodic draining mode with periodic bubble generation at the orifice, a full-flow draining mode without bubble formation in the tank, and a combined draining mode with bubbles generated when the water level fell to a certain water depth. The drainage efficiencies varied among the three modes, resulting from the different conditions of bubble generation at the bottom orifice and the negative pressure in the headspace due to limited ventilation. The mechanism for bubble generation at the orifice was analyzed theoretically, and the effect of the negative pressure on drainage efficiency was discussed. The transition criteria among the modes were developed by a mathematical model. This study provides new knowledge on the drainage from a water tank under different degrees of ventilation.
Temperature effect on turbulent burning velocity of lean premixed hydrogen/air flames
Authors: Wang Yiqing , Xu Chao , Chi Cheng , Yang Yue , Chen Zheng
Published: December 2024

Hydrogen has drawn great attention in recent years as a carbon-free fuel. The turbulent burning velocity (ST) is an important parameter for the design and modeling of hydrogen-fueled engines given the high propagation speed of hydrogen flames. It has been well documented that ST of hydrogen flames can be dramatically increased by thermo-diffusive effects which are sensitive to thermodynamic conditions. Previous studies have mainly focused on the pressure effect on ST of lean hydrogen flames, while the temperature effect has been largely ignored. In the present study, the turbulent burning velocity for a lean hydrogen/air mixture over a wide range of temperatures (300–641 K) and pressures (1–15 atm) is investigated through direct numerical simulations of statistically planar turbulent premixed flames. Results show that the variation of normalized turbulent burning velocity (ST/SL, where SL is the laminar flame speed) with temperature and pressure is mainly controlled by the variation of the stretching factor I0. While ST/SL is only marginally dependent on temperature at the atmospheric pressure, it exhibits a decreasing trend with temperature at an elevated pressure (10 atm). This is associated with different temperature dependencies of flame surface area enlargement at the two different pressures, despite the monotonically decreasing trends of I0 with temperature at both pressures. In addition, under engine-relevant conditions where the temperature and pressure increase simultaneously, the promotion effect of pressure is found to be largely canceled out by the suppression effect of temperature, leading to only a slight increase in I0 and ST/SL. The observed trends are further explained through detailed flame dynamic analysis. Furthermore, I0 at different temperatures and pressures is found to correlate very well with the enhancement of fuel consumption rate in the critically strained laminar flames. The present study elucidates the strong impact of temperature on ST of lean premixed hydrogen/air flames at elevated pressures and provides new insights into the modeling of ST, especially for engine-relevant conditions.
Success and failure in mayonnaise preparation in the kitchen
Authors: Ghaffari Mahdiyeh , Bot Arjen , Brussee Rogier , Tinnevelt Gerjen H. , Jansen Jeroen J.
Published: December 2024

The combination of near-infrared spectroscopic techniques (HSI or hyperspectral imaging) with advanced image analysis allows noninvasive, quantitative analysis of slow mixing phenomena. This is illustrated in a small study to monitor the preparation of homemade mayonnaise, specifically concerning the major challenge of “breaking” the emulsion. The context of the phenomenon in terms of the physics of mixing is explained as well. This study demonstrates that the Kullback–Leibler divergence metric, when applied to HSI data, enables quantitative tracking of emulsion mixing dynamics and can be used to quantify emulsion homogeneity and identify phase inversion during mayonnaise preparation if manual oil addition proceeds too quickly. This approach holds promise for real-time monitoring of emulsion quality in industrial settings where the state of the emulsion cannot always be determined visually.
Mechanisms underlying dilated cardiomyopathy associated with FKBP12 deficiency
Authors: Hanna Amy D. , Chang Ting , Ho Kevin S. , Yee Rachel Sue Zhen , Walker William Cameron , Agha Nadia , Hsu Chih-Wei , Jung Sung Yun , Dickinson Mary E. , Samee Md. Abul Hassan , Ward Christopher S. , Lee Chang Seok , Rodney George G. , Hamilton Susan L.
Published: December 2024

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a highly prevalent and genetically heterogeneous condition that results in decreased contractility and impaired cardiac function. The FK506-binding protein FKBP12 has been implicated in regulating the ryanodine receptor in skeletal muscle, but its role in cardiac muscle remains unclear. To define the effect of FKBP12 in cardiac function, we generated conditional mouse models of FKBP12 deficiency. We used Cre recombinase driven by either the α-myosin heavy chain, (αMHC) or muscle creatine kinase (MCK) promoter, which are expressed at embryonic day 9 (E9) and E13, respectively. Both conditional models showed an almost total loss of FKBP12 in adult hearts compared with control animals. However, only the early embryonic deletion of FKBP12 (αMHC-Cre) resulted in an early-onset and progressive DCM, increased cardiac oxidative stress, altered expression of proteins associated with cardiac remodeling and disease, and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ leak. Our findings indicate that FKBP12 deficiency during early development results in cardiac remodeling and altered expression of DCM-associated proteins that lead to progressive DCM in adult hearts, thus suggesting a major role for FKBP12 in embryonic cardiac muscle.
Structural and Physical Properties of the Heavy Fermion Metal Ce2NiAl6Si5
Authors: Zhang Jiawen , Wu Jinyu , Chen Ye , Li Rui , Smidman Michael , Liu Yu , Song Yu , Yuan Huiqiu
Published: December 2024

Strongly correlated electrons at the verge of quantum criticality give rise to unconventional phases of matter and behaviors, with the discovery of new quantum-critical materials driving synergistic experimental and theoretical advances. In this paper, we report the structural and physical properties of a new quaternary Ce-based heavy fermion compound, Ce2NiAl6Si5, which was synthesized via the self-flux method. This compound forms a layered tetragonal structure (space group P4/nmm) with square nets of Ce atoms separated by Si-Al or Ni-Si-Ge layers. Specific heat measurements show a low-temperature Sommerfeld coefficient of 1.4 J/mol-Ce⋅K2 with reduced entropy, indicative of significant Kondo interactions. Below 0.6 K, an increase in resistivity and a deviation in magnetic susceptibility suggest the appearance of magnetic ordering or the development of dynamic magnetic correlations, which is further supported by a bulge in the specific heat around 0.4 K. The findings of this study suggest that Ce2NiAl6Si5 is a layered heavy fermion metal naturally located near a spin-density-wave quantum critical point.
Solitons in the Fifth-Order KdV Equation with a Perturbation
Authors: Li Wentao , Chen Yipu , Zhang Zhao , Yang Xiangyu , Li Biao
Published: December 2024

The fifth-order KdV equation with a perturbation term is naturally consistent with the shallow-water wave model. In this study, the leading-order asymptotic solution of the perturbed fifth-order KdV equation was derived using the multi-scale perturbation expansion method. Furthermore, the asymptotic solution was reconsidered from the perspective of conservation laws, and consistent results were obtained. In addition, the numerical solution of the slowly varying solitary wave asymptotic solution was obtained using the Fourier spectral method under appropriate initial conditions to better understand its dynamic behavior. These results enrich research on fluid dynamics.
Wavelet packet transformation-based improved acoustic emission method for structural damage identification
Authors: Barbosh Mohamed , Sadhu Ayan
Published: December 2024

Acoustic emission (AE) technique has emerged as a sophisticated nondestructive testing technique that plays a crucial role in detecting and localizing damage in structures. This paper proposes a damage visualization approach by leveraging the classical signal decomposition capabilities of Wavelet Packet Transformation (WPT) and the classification abilities of the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). First, WPT decomposes AE signals acquired from the instrumented structure at different loading stages. The coordinates (e.g. x and y) of AE events identified by the localization model using denoised AE components obtained from WPT are then determined. The extracted coordinates are used in the GMM model to visualize the location of the damage during the intermediate and final loading stages. The proposed method is validated using a suite of lab-scale experimental studies of concrete beams. The study compares the outcomes of the proposed method with those obtained from a traditional digital image correlation (DIC) system for both intermediate and final stages of damage. The results indicate that the proposed framework effectively visualizes the locations of various types of damage, such as flexural and shear cracks, at an early stage compared to the DIC. This demonstrates the proposed method’s capability to be a reliable tool for early damage localization and visualization in concrete structures.
N-photon bundles emission in high-spin Jaynes–Cummings model
Authors: Wei Huanhuan , Tang Jing , Deng Yuangang
Published: December 2024

High-spin quantum systems, endowed with rich internal degrees of freedom, constitute a promising platform for manipulating high-quality n-photon states. In this study, we explore n-photon bundles emission by constructing a high-spin Jaynes–Cummings model within a single-mode cavity interacting with a single spin-

3

/

2

atom. Our analysis reveals that the n-photon dressed state splittings can be significantly enhanced by adjusting the linear Zeeman shift inherent to the internal degrees of freedom in high-spin systems, thereby yielding well-resolved n-photon resonance. The markedly enhanced energy-spectrum anharmonicity, stemming from strong nonlinearities, enables the realization of high-quality n-photon bundles emission with large steady-state photon numbers, in contrast to conventional spin-1/2 JCM setups. Of particular interest is the realization of an optical multimode transducer capable of transitioning among single-photon blockade, two- to four-photon bundles emission, and photon-induced tunneling by tuning the light-cavity detuning in the presence of both cavity and atomic pump fields. This work unveils significant opportunities for diverse applications in nonclassical all-optical switching and high-quality multiphoton sources, deepening our understanding of creating specialized nonclassical states and fundamental physics in high-spin atom-cavity systems.
Dynamics of non-Hermitian Floquet Wannier–Stark system
Authors: Zhang H P , Zhang K L , Song Z
Published: December 2024

We study the dynamics of the non-Hermitian Floquet Wannier–Stark system in the framework of the tight-binding approximation, where the hopping strength is a periodic function of time with Floquet frequency

ω

. It is shown that the energy level of the instantaneous Hamiltonian is still equally spaced and independent of time t and the Hermiticity of the hopping term. In the case of off resonance, the dynamics are still periodic, while the occupied energy levels spread out at the resonance, exhibiting t

z
behavior. Analytical analysis and numerical simulation show that the level-spreading dynamics for real and complex hopping strengths exhibit distinct behaviors and are well described by the dynamical exponents z = 1 and

z
=
1

/

2

, respectively.
Radiative Transfer Modeling of Haumea’s Dust Ring
Authors: Kalup Csilla , Molnár László , Kiss Csaba
Published: December 2024

Among the growing number of small body rings in the solar system, the ring of Haumea has a special status as it is likely suitable for direct imaging in the visible and submillimeter wavelengths. In this paper, we highlight its sole detectability among Centaur/Trans-Neptunian Object rings using both the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array and the James Webb Space Telescope to provide direct constraints on the ring composition for the first time. To overcome the limitations of the currently used simple ring models, we introduce radiative transfer modeling for small body ring systems. Here we perform a thorough analysis of the Haumea ring considering different materials and grain sizes, assuming that the ring consists of small particles with sizes below 1 mm. We present spectral energy distributions of each model for future comparison with multiwavelength measurements, providing a diagnostic tool to determine the dominant grain size and characteristic material of the ring, which are essential inputs for ring formation and evolution theories. Our results also show that for some sub-micron carbon-like or silicate grains, their mid-infrared excess can be detected even if the ring is not resolved, providing a tracer for small grains around the object.