bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Riglyne vir die toerusting van ouderlinge
Authors: Erasmus J.A. , De Klerk B.J.
Published: August 2012

Guidelines on equipping elders for their task One of the biggest problems the contemporary church experiences is the fact that many believers are not spiritually equipped in an ongoing way – mainly because many church officials called to do so (Eph. 4:11-12), are in many instances not adequately equipped themselves. In this article some guidelines are suggested to equip elders more efficiently for their duty. In the first instance the semantic layers of the idea to equip are investigated by analysing certain Biblical key concepts in this regard. Secondly, an overview of the background of the office of the elder is given as is outlined in the church order of the GKSA. Furthermore, the general requirements according to which the elder should implement and exercise his duties as office bearer are also highlighted. This procedure is followed in order to identify the gifts necessary for an elder to implement his pastoral care and duties effectively. Lastly, the outcome of both aspects of the investigation is considered in order to suggest possible guidelines for the office of elders.
Prominente motiewe in ’n seleksie preke voor, tydens en na die Anglo-Boereoorlog
Authors: Venter C.J.H.
Published: August 2012

Prominent motifs in a selection of sermons delivered before, during and immediately after the Anglo-Boer War This article investigates a selection (160) of sermons delivered before, during and after the Anglo-Boer war and published afterwards. The aim of the investigation is to indicate (possible) repetitive motifs used in these sermons. The initial hypothesis taken was that the motif of freedom probably would have functioned prominently within the context of the war. The investigation of the 160 selected sermons, however, proved that although the motif of freedom indeed occurs, it is applied in the broad Biblical sense of being liberated from sin. Freedom in God is stressed and not primarily freedom from British oppression. Several other motifs also function prominently in these sermons – motifs like redemption in Christ, hope, comfort in hardship and peace with God in Jesus Christ. Although these motifs are applied within the context of the Bible, it should be kept in mind that these sermons were delivered in the time of the Anglo-Boer War. These sermons should, therefore, be studied as embedded within a certain time frame: text and context should both be considered in the analysis of these sermons. The analysis, however, indicates that the parts from Scripture selected for these sermons were treated homiletically in a responsible way.
H.G. Stoker – oor gesag en mag
Authors: Stoker H.G.
Published: August 2012

H.G. Stoker – on authoroity and power In 1970 the late Prof. H.G. Stoker was appointed honorary professor in the Department of Philosophy at the Rand Afrikaans University. In this capacity, he held a series of lectures on political philosophy. The third lecture of this series was entitled “Authority and power” (“Gesag en mag”). What follows here is nothing but a re-edition of Stoker’s typescript notes, then distributed to his students (and audience). The fact that we as Christians have, together with everybody else been systematically brainwashed by humanism’s idol making of “democracy” and “people’s sovereignity”, lends an extraordinary high degree of relevance to this theme, which Stoker formulates in terms different from what we would expect (in our compromised view) to be.
Towards constructing Paul’s economic vision on work
Authors: Punt J.
Published: August 2012

It is often assumed that Paul, even more than the rest of the New Testament, is concerned with ethereal matters and are therefore inconsequential in contributing to a proper awareness of an economy ethics and the moulding of a corresponding ethos. As much as the Pauline letters cannot be presented as a textbook for economic theory and practice, ancient or modern, it is nevertheless argued that Paul showed considerable concern for the socio-economical situation of the communities he addressed. In this article an initial attempt is made to reread Paul’s letters with a view towards identifying and formulating that which emerges as his “economic vision”. Taking the socio-historical context of the first century CE into consideration and setting it against the broader discussion on Pauline economic perspectives, the emphasis here is on some Pauline comments on work.
Augustinus oor staat (en kerk)
Authors: Van Wyk J.H.
Published: August 2012

Augustine’s views on state (and church) It is no easy task to assess Augustine’s views on state and church as there are as many interpretations as there are interpreters to these issues. From a study of Augustine himself, and especially his De civitate dei, it becomes evident that he did not follow the Manichean, Donatist or Tertullian view of total separation, neither the Origean, Eusebian or Ambrosian view of (a close) co-operation, but that he developed his own view which can be typified as critical realism. Sin, social context and the kingdom of God played a decisive role in forming his final perspectives – although we have to admit that in the Donatist disputes Augustine’s attitude was very controversial.
Per bonam consequentiam: Die status van eksegetiese afleidings
Authors: Van Rooy H.F.
Published: August 2012

Per bonam consequentiam: The status of exegetical deductions The importance of Hermeneutics in ecclesiastical discussions must be recognised. In such discussions, people attempt to substantiate their views with arguments from the Bible. The status of such exegetical deductions remains a problem, also in view of the maxim from the Reformation: The preaching of God’s Word is God’s Word. This problem is discussed with reference to the origin of the rule of “good and necessary consequence” and to related articles of the Belgic and Westminster Confessions. The fallibility of human interpretation must be taken into account in all ecclesiastical discussions.
Fokus
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: August 2012

Fokus is ’n rubriek waarin artikels van ’n meer populêr-wetenskaplike aard gepubliseer word. Artikels wat vir hierdie rubriek aan die redaksie voorgelê word, moet voldoen aan dieselfde tegniese vereistes as navorsingsartikels (kyk asseblief die Voorskrifte vir skrywers). Bydraes vir Fokus word aan ’n interne keuringsproses onderwerp en kwalifiseer nie vir subsidie nie.
The consummation of the kingdom of God. Reflections on the final victory of Christ as portrayed in Paul’s first Epistle to the Corinthians
Authors: Potgieter P.
Published: August 2012

Reflections on 1 Corinthians 15:24-28 raise the question whether eschatology should be focused on Christ, or should rather be viewed theocentrically. A study of the mediatory reign of Christ clearly favours the notion of an intermediate kingdom, during which He will subjugate and destroy the “powers” and the enemies of the kingdom. Having achieved the final victory over death itself, the need for an intermediate rule of Christ no longer exists. However, the office of Mediator is unquestionably linked to Christ’s humanity. This again brings to the fore the question whether Christ will retain his human nature after the consummation of his kingdom. Although it remains an open question in Reformed theology whether Christ will relinquish his human nature at the end of this dispensation, it is argued that in the next dispensation He will no longer serve in the office of Mediator, but that He will reign as the Lamb of God in the stature of the eternal Son of God.
’n Teologiese waardering van die Sinai-tradisie (Eks. 19 - Num. 10:10)
Authors: Snyman S.D.
Published: August 2012

A theological evaluation of the Sinai-tradition (Ex. 19 - Num. 10:10) Among the many and varied angles by means of which the Old Testament are studied, a theological evaluation of it remains valid as there is also need for a global and theological understanding of the Old Testament. This contribution focuses on the theological content of the Sinai-tradition found in Exodus 19 - Numbers 10:10. Furthermore the importance of the Sinai-tradition is pointed out and the literary setting outlined. In this article it is argued that the theological content may be summarized by three concepts: theophany, covenant and Torah.
’n Bevrydende woord vir Afrika? The Liberating Message van B.J. van der Walt
Authors: Verster P.
Published: August 2012

A liberating word for Africa? The Liberating Message by B.J. van der Walt B.J. van der Walt in his important work, The Liberating Message, emphasised the need for the Africanisation of Christian philosophy and theology. There can be no doubt that he introduced very important issues in the current debate. The question, however, must still be asked whether The Liberating Message offers us more than a Western view on African issues. If this is so, a further question remains whether there can be an African worldview with a Reformed Christian emphasis without changing the very emphasis of Africa itself. According to the author of this article, this question is still very relevant.
Prediking en die gesindheid van hoorders. Basisteoretiese perspektiewe vanuit Hebreërs
Authors: Kruger F.P. , Venter C.J.H.
Published: August 2012

Preaching and the attitude of hearers. Basis-theoretical perspectives from the Hebrews sermon The issue dealt with in this article is the extracting of certain basistheoretical perspectives from Hebrews, reminding preachers and hearers that preaching and attitude are interrelated concepts. Expressions in which preaching and attitude are stated explicitly are investigated, and concepts indicating certain dimensions of attitude as reflected in the Hebrews sermon are discussed. This exposition is followed by selected perspectives for the praxis of equipment in ministering the Word to the congregation.
Can we use the New Testament in the way which the New Testament authors use the Old Testament?
Authors: Moyise S.
Published: August 2012

Ever since the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls, scholars have drawn parallels between the way the New Testament authors used the Scriptures and the use of Scripture found in the Qumran writings. This method has raised difficult questions, because some of the exegetical methods, such as allegory, word-splitting and the use of variant texts, are generally regarded as erroneous today. However, other scholars have contended that this comparative approach does not do justice to New Testament exegesis and have argued that the New Testament authors developed a distinctive messianic, ecclesiocentric or trinitarian form of exegesis. This view sheds new light on the old question of whether the Church can use the New Testament in the same way that the New Testament authors use the Old Testament.
Die verhouding tussen openbaring, dogmavorming en doksa-uiting in die himniese stof van die Nuwe Testament
Authors: Bingle J.P. , De Klerk B.J.
Published: August 2012

The relation between revelation, the formation of dogma and the expression of doxa in the hymnal matter of the New Testament This article proceeds from the central theoretical argument that in the liturgical song an integral relation exists between revelation, the formation of confession (dogma) and the expression of glory (doxa). The purpose of the article is to analyse the mentioned relationship as it becomes manifest in the hymnal matter of the New Testament and to determine its significance in the hymnal action of the community of worshippers. It is kept in mind that the New Testament, unlike the Old Testament, does not contain a book of songs and that the number of complete songs is limited. The article thus also focuses on song fragments. The conclusion arrived at is that the song material of the New Testament indicates that the revelation stands in a causal relation to dogma formation and doxa expression that occur in the liturgical song. Dogma formation and doxa expression respond to the revelation and actualize the revelation, while these two vital elements of the hymnal content (dogma formation and doxa expression) stand in a convergent and symbiotic relation to each other. The result of this investigation appears to be important for the meaningful use of New Testament songs in contemporary liturgy.
Die Nuwe Hervorming: verwagting of verydeling?
Authors: Van Wyk J.H.
Published: August 2012

The New Reformation: Expectation or frustation? In the Reformed-Christian tradition the idea of a continuing reformation is – and should never be questioned: “ecclesia reformata semper reformanda”. The relevant question should be: what kind of reformation should be expected? In this article the author critically investigates the claims of the so-called New Reformation that were widely discussed in daily newspapers during 2002. The views of the New Reformation as far as the doctrines of God, Christology, ecclesiology, eschatology and Scripture are concerned, are scrutinised and evaluated in this article. The author discovers a very close relationship – in many ways – between the views of the New Reformation and that of Rudolf Bultmann, who was strongly influenced by the Aufklärung of the eighteenth century. The author concludes that the New Reformation, although there are some aspects that should be appreciated, cannot (in totality) be typified as a “new reformation” – it is not “new” and does not represent a “reformation”.
Genesis 20: A literary template for the prophetic tradition
Authors: Branch R.G.
Published: August 2012

A close examination of Genesis 20 shows that the concept of prophet, which is mentioned for the first time in this chapter, is emphasised in three ways. First, God actively creates a new office – that of prophet. Second, he specifically gives a job description – that of intercessor. Third, he squarely sets in place a model – one that all subsequent prophets, prophetesses, and prophesies in some way follow and build upon. Significantly, Genesis 20 gives no indication that Abraham sought the designation of prophet or knew in advance it was coming. Abraham’s new office emphasises God’s sovereignty. Starting with Genesis 20, God establishes a pattern of maintaining for Himself the right first to choose Israel’s prophets and later to choose its judges and kings. This article argues that Chapter 20 provides a ten-point foundation for the work of the prophet that the Hebrew Bible enlarges on in later books.
Die predikant as teiken – profiel van iemand wat emosionele wonde toedien
Authors: Kruger S.F.
Published: August 2012

A minister as target – profile of a person inflicting emotional wounds This article focuses on the personality of someone who intentionally wounds a minister of the Word. The typical profile of someone who wounds emotionally, and the behavioural process that usually characterises his acts are highlighted. At the meta-theoretical level the interpersonal style of a wounder is examined by applying viewpoints of Interpersonal Theory – a subsection of Personality Psychology. The specific behavioural style of a wounder comprises characteristics such as being dominating, competitive, distrusting, cold and hostile. The basis-theoretical survey conducted in this article focuses on the relationship between Paul and the Corinthian church with specific reference to the underlying relational tension. This survey reveals that the effective functioning of a congregation as a community of faith and love is of utmost importance in the identification of the personality type of the person who intentionally wounds a minister of the Word. In conclusion an analysis for understanding, as well as guidelines for coping with the whole situation is proposed. The reaction of a minister and a congregation’s understanding of the nature of the wounding process are outlined as being of specific importance.
Die Gereformeerde Skrifbeskouing en die verrekening van die sosiohistoriese konteks in die eksegeseproses
Authors: Grönum N. , Janse van Rensburg F.J.
Published: August 2012

The Reformed view of Scripture and the utilisation of the socio-historic context in the process of exegesis At present the issue whether and how the socio-historic context of parts of Scripture should be utilised in the process of exegetical interpretation is being debated in certain circles within the GKSA. This debate includes the issue whether the use of individual cups during Holy Communion services is Scripturally correct, and whether women should be allowed to serve in church offices. The construction of an applicable socio-historic context as well as the way in which data from this construction are utilised will probably have a decisive effect on the outcome of the debate. The argument developed in this article does not primarily cover the content matter of the debate. The aim of the article is rather to focus on the fundamentals of the Reformed view of Scripture and to determine the necessity of utilising the socio-historic context in the process of exegesis. Consequently it is also an attempt to formulate the applicable implications of such an approach in the process of exegesis.
Reviews
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: August 2012

As blad van die Gereformeerde Teologiese Vereniging is In die Skriflig nie die blad van ’n bepaalde teologiese opleiding of universiteit nie. Tog bestaan daar ’n noue band met die Teologiese Skool Potchefstroom en die Fakulteit Teologie op die Potchefstroomkampus van die Noordwes-Universiteit. Laasgenoemde bestaan uit twee skole, naamlik die Skool vir Bybelwetenskappe en Bybeltale, asook die Skool vir Kerkwetenskappe. Artikels wat in hierdie uitgawe verskyn, verteenwoordig om die helfte die breë studieterrein wat die twee onderskeie skole dek:
Om die Psalms biddend te sing of singend te bid
Authors: Styger Paul
Published: August 2012

To pray the Psalms singing or sing the Psalms praying The aim of this paper is to investigate the singing of the Psalms, during the church service in the light of the fact that the Psalter is viewed as a prayer book. Firstly, the psalm as prayer is discussed and it is shown that the Psalms play an important role in the Christian church and its liturgy. The views of Calvin and Luther on prayer in general and the singing and praying of the Psalms in particular, are discussed. The views of a few other researchers are highlighted. The conclusion is made that the singing of a psalm in the church service is a public, but personal conversation with God. With regard to this conclusion, the singing of the Psalms in the church service today is discussed and recommendations are made. The use of the Psalms as liturgical song places a very big responsibility on the preacher to ensure that the prayer character of the psalm as personal public conversation with God is recognised in the liturgy. Care must be taken to ensure that the singing of the Psalms in the liturgy does not degrade to a thoughtless, unrespectful custom.
Toerusting as wordingsproses: perspektiewe uit die Efesiërbrief
Authors: Kruger S. F. Francois
Published: August 2012

Toerusting is ’n sentrale funksie binne die spektrum van kerklike aktiwiteite. Vrae oor die effektiwiteit van toerusting (vgl. Dames, 2004:169; Kruger & Venter, 2003:461; Van der Vyver & Venter, 2000:169) sowel as vrae oor die wangestaltes daarvan (vgl. Venter, 2004:429; De Klerk & Nagel, 2004:125; Burger, 1991:21) word gereeld op die kerklike agenda geplaas.
Wie en wat word veroordeel – en waarom? Nogeens Maleagi 2:10-16
Authors: Snyman S.D.
Published: August 2012

Who and what are being judged – and why? Once again Malachi 2:10-16 It has been said many times that Malachi 2:10-16 belongs to one of the most difficult parts not only in the book of Malachi, but in the Old Testament as a whole. The question put is suggested in the title: who are the people addressed by the prophet? What are the accusations levelled against them? Why did the prophet deem it something that has to be judged? The paper argues that two different groups of people are addressed: unmarried Judean men wishing to marry foreign women and married Judean men wishing to divorce their wives. The reason why they are accused, is because of the unforeseen social and religious consequences such marriages might have on Judean society. The reason why Judean men want to marry foreign women is most probably to better their social and financial standing in society.
Hugo du Plessis’ theology of mission as influenced by missiological debates in ecumenical circles
Authors: Mashau T. D.
Published: August 2012

The quest to understand the church’s missionary calling will remain a significant exercise in the life of the church of every age. Transformation in the world context compels the church to rethink its missionary calling and to strive towards a theology of mission that will respond positively towards the changing context. Hugo du Plessis lived and worked in the 20th century as the first missionary and missiologist of the Reformed Churches in South Africa (GKSA). It is the thesis of this article that Hugo du Plessis’ theology of mission, which had great impact on how the GKSA responded to the challenges of the day, was informed and shaped by missiological debates which took place within ecumenical circles.
Providence, conscience of liberty and benevolence – the implications of Luther’s and Calvin’s views on natural law for fundamental rights
Authors: Raath Andries
Published: August 2012

Prof. Johan van der Vyver recently identified a need for a Scriptural foundation of human rights. In this article it is argued that together with their evangelical perspectives, Luther’s and Calvin’s Ciceronian re-interpretation of Thomism produced very important perspectives for establishing the moral context of a Scriptural basis for fundamental rights and duties. The impli- cations of the views of both Luther and Calvin on fundamental duties and justice presuppose a moral context from which is- sues related to human rights can be approached. In that regard the views of Luther and Calvin still have much to contribute towards developing an evangelical approach to human rights.
Die intensiteit van die Semi-Pelagiaanse stryd in die Galliese Kerk van die vyfde en sesde eeu
Authors: Fick Rikus
Published: August 2012

The intensity of the Semi-Pelagian controversy in the Gaulish Church of the fifth and sixth centuries The controversy over Augustine’s predestinarian views was transferred to Gaul after the Vandal conquest of Africa. The Pelagian controversy was characterised by the participation of several prominent figures and the convention of seven councils. The question, however, is why the Semi-Pelagian controversy was of such a different character. The answer is to be found in the context of the participants in the debate: the unique charac- ter of the Gaulish Church, the influence from the monasteries and the distinctive political setting of this region. John Cassian, founder of the monasteries of Marseilles, took the view that God’s grace comes as an answer to the beginning of a good will in the human person and the free will in man can either neg- lect or delight in the grace of God. The same sentiments were soon heard from the monastery on the island of Lerins. The reaction to this stance by Prosper of Aquitaine led to the literary involvement of Augustine. For several decades the bishops of Arles and Vienne attempted to raise their city’s ecclesiastical status above the other cities of Southern Gaul – a phenomenon typical of the public life of this region. In 529 Caesarius, former monk of Lerins, of aristocratic descent and bishop of Arles, held a synod at Orange. This synod affirmed a diluted form of the Augustinian position. All the elements of the character of this controversy can be found in the person of Caesarius who was also mainly responsible for the formulation of the canons of this synod.
Guidelines for the application of the Theophostic Prayer Ministry
Authors: Steyn J.
Published: August 2012

The basic principle of the Theophostic Prayer Ministry (TPM) is to attempt to resolve clients’ present conflict by finding healing for past wounds in prayer. The TPM model has a unique advantage over non-Christian models in that it pursues the healing of past wounds by means of binding the suffering back to God. “Koinonia” (the fellowship of believers), “communio” (a deeper sense of the involvement of God), “coram Deo” (the ever-presence of God), as well as “pneumatonomic synergy” (being in balance with the holy plan of God), are restored, launching a new life. The TPM relies on three types of memory: visual, emotional and physical memory. Freeing a person from his/her helpless state is to guide that person towards divine revelation. The outcome unfolds as a sincere and holy recovery in Christ.
Die invloed van die Christelike geloof op die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing
Authors: Oliver E.
Published: August 2012

The influence of Christianity on the South African society It was not the intention of the first Christians to change the world, but their behaviour soon influenced society. The Euro- pean settlers who came to South Africa brought calvinist Christianity to the region. For the next 340 years, Christianity was a very influential force in the South African society, usually taken for granted by Christians and not allowed to be ques- tioned, challenged or opposed by non-Christians. Today the society bears both the scars and medals of the Christian era in South African history although South Africa was never officially a Christian country. After 1994, South Africa became a neutral state, with religious freedom, and the privileged position of Christianity began to fade rapidly. More than ten years later, however, the influence that Christianity had on the country and its people is still visible. This article is an introductory investi- gation into the influence of Christianity on the South African society from an historical perspective.
Editorial
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: August 2012

Die redaksie is dankbaar om nog ’n uitgawe van In die Skriflig aan ons lesers te bied. Hierdie uitgawe bied ’n artikel van Fritz de Wet wat handel oor ’n pneumaties-bepaalde teoretiese raamwerk vir ’n navorsingsmetodologie in Praktiese Teologie. Hy wys op die unieke aard van prakties-teologiese wetenskapsbeoefening en toon aan hoe ’n pneumaties-bepaalde teoretiese raamwerk binne hierdie pro- ses diensbaar kan wees. Hierdie artikel is ’n belangrike bydrae vir navorsingsmetodologie in ’n tyd waarin sodanige metodologie weer in Teologie aan die orde gestel word. Hannes van der Walt vra die vraag of “Spiritualiteit” die nuwe godsdiens van ons tyd geword het? Hierdie vraag het belangrik geword in die postmoderne geestes- klimaat waar, in verset teen die dominansie van die rede, weer ge- soek word na “ervaring” en “gevoelsbelewing” binne ’n religieuse verband. Sy konklusie is dat hoewel “Spiritualiteit” nie werklik as ’n nuwe religie gesien kan word nie, dit tog waar is dat mense en- toesiasties soek na nuwe geestelike ervarings. Daarom draai baie mense hulle rug op die hoofstroomkerke waarin hulle meen hulle nie sulke ervarings kan beleef nie. Benno Zuiddam ondersoek die teo- logiese verskuiwing in die denke van David Faure, die negentiende- eeuse Kaapse predikant. Aanvanklik het Faure sy teologie in die lyn van die rasionalisme bedink, maar het daarna sy toevlug tot spiri- tisme geneem. Op grond van hierdie historiese gebeurtenis vra Benno die vraag of dit nie ook die lot gaan wees van die Nuwe Her- vormingbeweging in Suid-Afrika nie.
Tithing: an evaluation of the Biblical background
Authors: Moretsi L.
Published: August 2012

Tithe was practised in the Old Testament, but the New Testa- ment emphasises the attitude of the giver. Giving money is about relationships and goodwill. It is important that church members value their churches and commit themselves as con- stant givers. Tithing can be traced throughout the Old Testa- ment to the New Testament (cf. Heb.). This article will begin with an introduction that offers the practical situation that com- pelled the institution of the tithe, followed by the Biblical background of tithing and an explanation of the goods or produce that was subject to the tithe. This will be followed by an investigation of the Old Testament perspective on tithing, including a consideration of the first fruits, the offering and the theological implications. Subsequent to this, the New Testa- ment perspectives will receive attention. The NIV translation will be used as it is accepted as a good and reliable translation.
Redaksioneel
Authors: Vorster J.M.
Published: August 2012

Hierdie eerste uitgawe van 2011 bevat weereens ’n verskeidenheid artikels oor die breë terrein van die teologiese ensiklopedie. Fritz de Wet behandel die noodsaak van ’n duidelike uiteensetting van metateoretiese vertrekpunte in Prakties-Teologiese ondersoek. Dit is in opvolging van sy vorige artikel wat ook in In die Skriflig gepubliseer is Hy verduidelik die reformatoriese erklikheidvisie en bespreek die toepassing daarvan in ’n moderne konteks.
Die noodsaak van die verrekening van metateoretiese aspekte rakende ’n hermeneutiese benadering tot die Praktiese Teologie
Authors: Pieterse H.J.C.
Published: August 2012

The necessity of taking into account metatheoretical aspects pertaining to a hermeneutical approach to Practical Theology This article is part of the project “Metatheoretical assumptions in Practical Theology”. Within the theological framework of the project, namely that we view reality as a realm where God is working, and that we interpret praxis from this point of de- parture, this article discusses our approach to the interpretation of praxis which we see as a hermeneutical moment. Currently there are, among others, empirical, hermeneutical, liberation- theological and narrative approaches to Practical Theology. The author has chosen to discuss the hermeneutical approach to the study of the discipline from a reformed theological perspec- tive. The philosophical-hermeneutical theories and the herme- neutical approach to Practical Theology by Browning, Dinge- mans, Heitink and Osmer are discussed. From a reformational perspective the conclusion is that we can critically link up with Osmer’s approach.
Social resilience: the forgotten dimension of disaster risk reduction
Authors: Sapirstein Guy
Published: August 2012

The current thinking in the Disaster Risk Reduction field emphasizes assessment and reduction of vulnerability and especially social vulnerability as an important factor in mitigating the effects of disasters. In the process of emphasizing vulnerability, the role and complexity of social resilience was somewhat lost and at times minimized. For example, Terry Cannon and his colleagues include resilience as a factor of social vulnerability in a report to United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID) (Cannon, Twigg and Rowell, 2002). The United Nations University, Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS) delineates “Social Vulnerability” and “Individual Vulnerability” as working areas, but does not mention Social or Individual Resilience (Bogardi, 2006).
Public Management and Disaster Risk Reduction: potential interdisciplinary contributions
Authors: Van der Waldt Gerrit
Published: August 2012

This article investigates the interdisciplinary nature of Disaster Risk Reduction as an emerging field of study. The development of this field of study is interpreted within the context of the evolution of Public Management as an academic discipline. The author argues that the philosophical and theoretical underpinnings of both Public Management and Disaster Risk Reduction share commonalities. Thus, the foundational and functional aspects of Public Management did, and should continue to, inform and enrich the study of Disaster Risk Reduction.
The contribution of ineffective urban planning practices to disaster and disaster risks accumulation in urban areas: the case of former Kunduchi quarry site in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Malele Benedict F.
Published: August 2012

This study examined the link between urban planning practices and disaster risks. The study used the former Kunduchi Quarry Site within the City of Dar es Salaam to demonstrate how laxity in enforcing the laid down planning rules, regulations and procedures facilitates the accumulation and occurrence of disaster risks and disasters in urban areas. This undermines one of the central roles of urban planning, which is to protect the lives of people from disaster risks and disasters. In exploring this, the study specifically focused on understanding the rules, regulations and procedures of planning in Tanzania; the extent to which they are followed and, where they are not followed, their implications for disaster risks and disasters; the coping initiatives adopted by local communities to reduce risks and their level of success or failure; and finally the drawing of lessons and recommendations for disaster risk reduction in urban areas. Strongly emerging from this study is the finding that although planning rules and regulations do exist, they are not enforced. As a result urban communities suffer from disaster risks and disasters caused by unregulated activities. The study analyzed the coping initiatives that urban communities apply to reduce disaster risks in their areas. It noted that, while a range of “coping” responses could be observed, these are not lasting solutions to the disaster risks being faced. Sustainable solutions seem to be known by the local community but they are not adopted for fear of compromising or undermining their existing livelihood strategies.
Linking rural community livelihoods to resilience building in flood risk reduction in Zimbabwe
Authors: Gwimbi Patrick
Published: August 2012

The increasing occurrence of disastrous flooding events and the mounting losses in both life and property values in Zimbabwe have drawn attention to the flooding situation in the country, especially the rural areas. This article explores the resilience of vulnerable rural communities to flood risks associated within increasingly frequent and severe events linked to climate change. Starting by reviewing the current literature on rural livelihoods, resilience and vulnerability research, the paper argues for a coordinated teamwork approach in flood risk mitigation in rural areas. The paper concludes with several recommendations for enhanced resilience to flood hazards.
Cotton farmers’ vulnerability to climate change in Gokwe District (Zimbabwe): impact and influencing factors
Authors: Gwimbi Patrick
Published: August 2012

This study analyzes the vulnerability of cotton farmers to climate change in a cotton growing district in Zimbabwe. The vulnerability indicators studied include cotton output and farmers’ livelihoods from cotton farming. In order to examine climate variability and change, a time series analysis of two variables: temperature and rainfall was done for a period of 30 years, resulting in graphs of any climate anomalies. Correlation tests between the independent variable (the climate) and the dependent variable (cotton output) were assessed in order to examine the nature and the magnitude of the relationship between the two. The opinions of 100 randomly sampled farmers were analysed in an attempt to verify the climate scenarios and cotton production trends, as well as to understand their adaptation to climate change. Negative rainfall deviations from the long-term mean and positive temperature deviations dominated the climate trend scenarios’ results. Cotton production levels declined as precipitation decreased and temperatures increased across the district. The survey revealed that a significant number of farmers believed that temperatures were increasing and precipitation was declining. Farmers’ perceptions on whether the climate was changing were greatly influenced by incidences of drought and changes in the seasonal timing of rainfall, and in few cases unusual floods. The majority believed the frequency of droughts was increasing. While farmers were prepared to adapt to changes in climate, their options were very limited. The results show that farmers are highly vulnerable to climate change and that there is a need to invest in climate adaptation strategies, including policies on irrigation and early warning systems to help farmers to cope better and to reduce their vulnerability to climate change.
Towards improved public awareness for climate related disaster risk reduction in South Africa: A Participatory Development Communication perspective
Authors: Chagutah Tigere
Published: August 2012

Southern Africa has frequently been struck by damaging climate hazards which increasingly continue to threaten sustainable development efforts. Ominously, climate models predict that the incidence of major ‘wet’ events, such as floods and cyclones will increase in frequency against the background of a changing climate. Unfortunately, local mechanisms for communicating and raising public awareness of the consequent risks and appropriate risk reduction options remain weak. At the core of policy responses to the threat posed by climate related hazards, the South African government has adopted a disaster risk reduction approach to disaster management. This article details how, among many other measures to limit the adverse impacts of natural hazards, South Africa’s National Disaster Management Framework calls for the implementation of effective public awareness activities to increase the knowledge among communities of the risks they face and what risk-minimising actions they can take. Emphasis is laid on the importance of information provision and knowledge building among at-risk communities. Citing established theories and strategies, the author proposes a participatory development communication approach through Development Support Communication strategies for the provision of disaster risk reduction public awareness activities by government and other disaster risk reduction role-players in South Africa. By way of a review of completed studies and literature, the article provides guidance on the planning and execution of successful public communication campaigns and also discusses the constraints of communication campaigns as an intervention for comprehensive disaster risk reduction.
Participatory action research: Addressing social vulnerability of rural women through income-generating activities
Authors: Van Niekerk Liezel , Van Niekerk Dewald
Published: August 2012

Participatory action research (PAR) is a robust and versatile research and development strategy. It can be utilised to: understand complex community structures and interaction; determine various types of vulnerability; assist in community capacity building and skills transfer; ensure community participation,and allow for the strengthening of livelihoods. This article focuses on PAR as a strategy, applying various methods and specific participatory tools to understand social vulnerability, within the context of women as rural farm dwellers in the North-West Province, South Africa. It emphasises the need for continued participation and highlights the practical principles and benefits derived from PAR. The PAR process cycles are discussed and parallels are drawn with the practical setting. In conclusion, the article emphasises that the application of the PAR process can make a multi-dimensional contribution towards the development of a community by creating an understanding of social vulnerability, by building capacity and by ensuring participation, and also addresses income-generating activities.
Corruption: The hidden perpetrator of under-development and vulnerability to natural hazards and disasters
Authors: Lewis James
Published: August 2012

My lecture is based upon a fully referenced paper but it is not an academic paper that contains evidence from which it draws conclusions. It’s in the nature of corruption that there is little evidence and there are no text-books, no journals devoted to its practise and no guidelines. Instead there is observation, #nancial calculation, investigative journalism, and an increasing number of legal investigations and trials of its perpetrators to draw upon. When evidence is in short supply, therefore, it becomes necessary to rely upon inquiring minds.
Experimental exposure of pregnant mares to the asinine-94 strain of equine arteritis virus
Authors: Paweska J.T. , Henton M.M. , Van der Lugt J.J.
Published: August 2012

Clinical, virological and serological responses were evaluated in 10 pregnant mares after different challenge exposures to the asinine-94 strain of equine arteritis virus (EAV). The outcome of maternal infection on the progeny was also investigated. Mares were inoculated intranasally (n = 4), intramuscularly (n = 2), intravenously (n = 1), or contact-exposed (n = 3). All inoculated mares developed pyrexia, 5 showed mild clinical signs related to EAV infection and 2 remained asymptomatic. Viraemia was detected in all the inoculated animals and shedding of virus from the respiratory tract occurred in 6. Five mares were re-challenged intranasally 7 and 15 weeks after inoculation. Clinical signs of the disease in these mares were limited to mild conjunctivitis. After re-challenge, virus was recovered from buffy coat cultures of 2 mares 2-6 days after re-infection. EAV was not recovered from colostrum and milk samples during the 1st week post partum. All inoculated mares seroconverted to EAV 8-12 days post inoculation and also seroconverted after re-challenge. No clinical signs of EAV infection were observed in the 3 mares kept in close contact during the post-inoculation and re-challenge periods. Serum neutralising antibody to the virus was detected in 1 in-contact mare only, while a detectable concentration of specific IgG was found by ELISA in the colostrum of 1 of the other in-contact mares. Eight of the mares gave birth to clinically normal foals, although 1 was born prematurely. Shortly after birth, 7 foals developed fever and variable clinical signs; 5 foals became septicaemic and 3 of them died 2-5 days after birth, while the remaining 2 were euthanased at 1 month of age. EAV was not recovered from the placenta, from buffy coat fractions of blood collected from foals immediately after birth and 1-3 days later, or from a range of tissues taken from the 3 foals that died and 2 that were euthanased. Virus was not isolated from tissues collected from 1 mare and her foetus 3 weeks after this mare was re-challenged.
Perceptions of teenagers about the role of the veterinarian in practice : a cross-cultural study : research communication
Authors: Hudson W.G.B. , Gummow B.
Published: August 2012

A questionnaire survey of teenagers was conducted in 1995 to discover if the perceptions of the role of the veterinarian in practice differed among 3 cultural groups. Teenagers in their 1st year of secondary school education in 16 schools in the Krugersdorp area were used as the sample. Two thousand and sixty-five questionnaires were processed. A statistically significant difference in perceptions of the role of the veterinarian in practice was found between Black, Indian and White teenagers. Only 19.2 % of the Black teenagers and 51.6 % of the Indian teenagers had any idea of what a veterinarian did, compared to 88.1 % of White teenagers. Similar differences in pet ownership, disease recognition, and veterinary care between the cultural groups were also found. The study emphasised the tremendous need for increased exposure to the veterinary profession within the historically disadvantaged communities of South Africa.
Clinico-pathological studies in cattle experimentally infected with Taenia saginata eggs : research communication
Authors: Oryan A. , Gaur S.N.S. , Moghadder N. , Delavar H.
Published: August 2012

Calves 1-2 months old were experimentally infected with eggs of Taenia saginata and clinical and haematological deviations, development and distribution of cysticerci and pathological changes were recorded. The calves infected with 5 000, 10 000 or 50 000 eggs showed an increase in pulse and respiratory rates. The animals that received 50 000 eggs had significantly increased pulse (p0.05) and respiratory rates (p0.005). The symptoms were more severe in young, 30-day-old calves infected with 50 000 eggs. Haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit values and red blood cell count decreased, but white blood cell count increased slightly. Lymphocytes and eosinophils also increased up to 88%and 14% (p0.05), respectively. Most of the cysticerci were not fully formed 1 month post-infection, but at 2 months the cysts were fully mature and at 4 months, some cysts had degenerated. There was no uniformpattern of distribution of cysticerci in the body of infected calves, but the most commonly affected sites were masseter and heart muscles, followed by diaphragm, tongue and other skeletal muscles. The maximum concentration of 8-14 cysticerci per 10 g of tissue was recorded in masseter muscles and heart. The affected parts revealed tissue reactions that included pressure atrophy, necrosis and fibrosis. Microscopically, the lesions comprised infiltration with lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils and macrophages, fibrosis, necrosis and calcification. The tissue reaction was severe in calves infected with 50 000 eggs. The severity of clinical signs, haematological and pathological changes depended mostly on the age of the animals and dose of infection.
Occurrence of dermatomycosis (ringworm) due to Trichophyton verrucosumin dairy calves and its spread to animal attendants : case report
Authors: Wabacha J.K. , Gitau G.K. , Bebora L.C. , Bwanga C.O. , Wamuri Z.M. , Mbithi P.M.F.
Published: August 2012

Persistent dermatomycosis (ringworm) caused by Trichophyton verrucosum affected 20 dairy calves aged between 3 months and 1 year and housed together. The infection also spread to 2 animal attendants working among the calves. The major clinical lesions observed on the affected calves were extensive alopecia and/or circumscribed thick hairless skin patches affecting the head, neck, flanks and limbs. The observed lesions persisted for more than 17 weeks and most of the calves did not respond to topical treatment with various anti-fungal drugs within the anticipated period of 9 weeks. Two animal attendants developed skin lesions that were circumscribed and itchy and there was good response to treatment following the application of anti-fungal skin ointment. Although ringworm in dairy animals in Kenya has not previously been associated with spread to humans, the potential is evident from this report.
Index, Volume 69 - 1998 : subject / Indeks, Jaargang 69 - 1998 : onderwerp
Authors: Subject Index
Published: August 2012

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, Vol 69, Issue 4, Dec
Index, Volume 69 - 1998 : author / Indeks, Jaargang 69 - 1998 : outeur
Authors: Author Index
Published: August 2012

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, Vol 69, Issue 4, Dec
Semen characteristics of goats with subacute, acute and chronic besnoitiosis : research communication
Authors: Njenga M.J. , Munyua S.J.M. , Mutiga E.R. , Gathuma J.M. , Kang’ethe E.K. , Bwangamoi O. , Mugera G.M. , Mitaru B.N.
Published: August 2012

A study on the semen obtained from breeding goats suffering from mild to severe chronic besnoitiosis revealed marked changes in semen volume, colour, density, concentration, mass and individual motility and percentage live. There were also many neutrophils and spermatozoa with primary and secondary defects, including missing tails and deformed heads and tails. The observed changes were considered to be severe enough to account for the infertility observed in the flock. Sections of testes obtained for histopathology were characterised by massive blockage of the pampiniform plexus, degeneration of the germinal epithelium, tubular necrosis with an inflammatory infiltrate and, in some cases, accumulation of haemosiderin-like material in the tunica vaginalis.
Annual Scientific Meeting : Laboratory Diagnosticians Group of the South African Veterinary Association / State Veterinarians : abstracts
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: August 2012

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, Vol 70, Issue 1, Mar