bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KERAGAMAN JAMUR PADA LOG DAN KAYU GERGAJIAN NYATOH (Palaquium sp)
Authors: Iramayana Iramayana , Taskirawati Ira , Arif Astuti
Published: July 2019

Wood is one medium that can be a place to grow fungus. The chemical components forming wood in the form of holocellulose and lignin which can be overhauled by fungi into simple compounds are a food source for the fungus. This study aims to identify the type of fungus that grows on the log and or sawn wood of Palaquium sp so that it can provide information about the diversity of fungal species, both useful and those that are pathogenic. The process of identifying mushrooms is done by observing the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the fungus. The macroscopic characteristics observed were mushroom color and mushroom fruit body shape. Observations of microscopic features include hyphae, spores, sporangium, conidia, and conidiophores. Macroscopic and microscopic observations identified eight types of fungi that grow on real wood, namely Dacryopinax spathularia, Pycnoporus sanguineus, Schizophyllum commune, Cunninghamella echinulata, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Absidia ramosa and Aspergillus. There are six types of fungi which are wood rot fungi, namely D. spathularia; P. sanguineus; S. commune; Penicillium, Trichoderma, and Aspergillus. The other two types are coloring fungi, namely C. echinulata and A. ramosa.
POTENSI DAN PEMANFAATAN BAMBU TALI (Gigantochloa apus) DI DESA LEU KECAMATAN BOLO KABUPATEN BIMA
Authors: Rahmawati Rahmawati , Baharuddin Baharuddin , Putranto Beta
Published: July 2019

Non-timber forest products are a wealth of natural resources that provide many benefits for the needs of the community around the forest. This study aims to determine the potential and utilization of bamboo in Leu Village in Bolo District, Bima Regency. The usefulness of this research is expected to be an information material for efforts to empower and utilize bamboo optimally and alternatively for the community. This research was conducted in March-April 2018 in Leu Village, Bolo District, Bima Regency. The data collected in this study consists of primary data and secondary data. Primary data is obtained by observing and recording in the field, as well as interviewing the community / respondents who use bamboo plants. Secondary data is collected through library studies sourced from books, journals, and data from relevant agencies. Leu village has the potential of rope bamboo stands (Gigantochloa apus) in Leu Village, Bolo District, Bima Regency, which is relatively low at 3843 stems per ha, with 61 clumps of clumps with an average of 63 clumps. The average bamboo harvested per year is still relatively small at 11.25% of the potential of old bamboo. The form of utilization of bamboo by farmers in addition to being sold is generally used as building materials, handicrafts, and as fences.
KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS BURUNG PADA HUTAN DATARAN RENDAH DI KOMPLEKS GUNUNG BULUSARAUNG TAMAN NASIONAL BANTIMURUNG BULUSARAUNG
Authors: Maulany Risma Illa , Lira Jumriah , Achmad Amran , Achmad Nida' Sari
Published: July 2019

Lowland Forest at the complex of Bulusaraung mountain  in the Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park is one of important habitat of birds in South Sulawesi. This study aimed to identify bird’s diversity in the Lowland Forest of Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park for ecotourism purposes. This research was carried out for 2 months between April and May 2018. The data were gathered by using line transect method. The data were analyzed by using Shannon-Weiner diversity index, Evenness index, Margalef species richness index, and Sorensen Similarity index. The result of the study showed that, there were 23 species of birds found in the three lines of observation tracks. There were 19 species  found in Balleanging, 12 species  in Kattokaddaro and 15 species  found in Tompobulu.The highest value of bird diversity index was found in Tompobulu (H '= 1,73) followed by Balleanging (H' = 1,54) and Kattokaddaro routes (H '= 1,43). Therefore, the diversity of bird species in the three observation pathways can be used as objects and attractions in the development of ecotourism based on bird watching in wildlife conservation efforts.
KOMPOSISI JENIS DAN STRUKTUR VEGETASI HUTAN DATARAN RENDAH DI KOMPLEKS GUNUNG BULUSARAUNG SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Asrianny Asrianny , Paweka Catarina Balgis , Achmad Amran , Oka Ngakan Putu , Achmad Nida' Sari
Published: July 2019

The Bulusaraung Mountain is a lowland forest and is one of the main ecosystems owned by Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. Therefore, this study aims to determine the species composition and vegetation structure of lowland forests in the complex of Bulusaraung Mountain. The research was conducted from April to May 2018. Data collection was carried out using a 20 × 20 meter plot placed on the Balleanging, Tokaddaro  and Tompobulu track lines based on altitude (550 m asl, 650 m asl, and 750 m asl). The result of this study show that there are 44  species were found on tree class, 65 species on  pole class,  40 species on  sapling class and  25 species on seedling class. The species composition in the study area was dominated Palaquium obovatum, Persea rimosa, Arthrophyllum diversifolium, Cryptocarya laevigata, and Engelhardia serrata, while Psychotria leptothyrsa, Antidesma bunius, Maesa ramentacea, Ficus sandpaper, Baccaurea javanica, Symplocos maliliency, Callicarpa pentandra, and Saurauia tristyla is a type of tree that differentiates at each altitude. The structure of the forest canopy layer at an altitude of 550 m above sea level consists of three canopy layers, while at an altitude of 650 and 750 m above sea level consisting only of two canopy layers. The cover of forest canopy in all sampling locations was reached 75-90%.
PEMANFAATAN SERBUK KAYU JATI (Tectona grandis L.) YANG DIRENDAM DALAM AIR DINGIN SEBAGAI MEDIA TUMBUH JAMUR TIRAM (Pleurotus comunicipae)
Authors: Baharuddin . , Arfah Muh. Taufik , Syahidah .
Published: July 2019

The growth responds of Pleurotus comunicipae to the use of cold water-soaked teakwood sawdust as a growth medium was investigated. Teakwood sawdust was soaked in cold water during the time periods of 1, 3, 5 and 7 days) with ten replications. Unsoaked teakwood sawdust was also prepared and used as a control. Measurement variabels consisted of time required for a completely covering mycelial growth, number of fruitbody, and fungal mass (green and dry weight). Results showed that P. comunicipae placed on soaked teakwood sawdust medium had a better growth than control (without soaking) medium. The medium with increased soaking period produced a good growth ability of P.comunicipae. At teakwood sawdust soaked for 7 days, the average of mycelial growth to cover teakwood sawdust medium, number of fruiting bodies, green weight and dry weight at the first harvesting were 52.6 days, 8.6 units, 100.5 grams and 13.4 grams, respectively.

Keywords: teakwoods sawdust, Pleurotus comunicipae, cold water soaking, growth ability
KUALITAS PAPAN KOMPOSIT YANG TERBUAT DARI LIMBAH KAYU SENGON DAN KARTON DAUR ULANG
Authors: Suhasman . , Massijaya Muh. Yusram , Hadi Yusuf Sudo
Published: July 2019

The use of recycled carton as an alternative material for the layer of composite board may increase the board strength properties. The objective of this research was to find out the influence of face and back layer types on the quality of produced boards. Materials used in this study were wafer made from sengon wood (Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen), water based polymer isocyanate adhesive, and several kinds of cartons such as duplex carton, recycled carton, and waste of corrugated board. The composite board was produced with the target density of 0.65 g/cm3 and the resin solid content of 6% based on oven dry weight of particle, face and back layers. The results are as follows : 1) Utilization of carton layers improved the dimensional stability and bending strength of board; 2) Composite board with recycled carton layer fullfilled the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) A-5908-1994 for wafer board type in terms of density, water content, and modulus of rupture (MOR) in lengthwise and widhtwise of board but, did not fullfill that for veneered particled board type; 3) The presence of those layer material types decreased internal bond of the board.

Keywords : composite board, face and back layer types, recyled carton
SIFAT FISIK IJUK DAN POTENSINYA SEBAGAI PERINTANG FISIK SERANGAN RAYAP TANAH
Authors: Arif Astuti , Muin Musrizal , Syahidah .
Published: July 2019

The fiber of sugar-palm tree Arenga pinnata Merr., locally known as ijuk, is traditionally used as covering to protect ground-contact wood construction materials although effectiveness of the material in protecting wood construction from biodeterioration has not been determined. In the current study, potential of the sugar-palm tree fiber as a physical barrier against termite attacks was analyzed in terms of their structure and physical characteristics. Samples of sugar-palm tree fibers from natural and marketed formations were prepared and determined for their fiber distribution, shapes, sizes, moisture content, density, and sheet grammage since these aspects were considered to be important factors influencing the penetration ability of termites. Results showed that each of the sugar-palm tree fibers has different shapes (half-round, round, rectangle) and different sizes (ranging from 0.05 to 1.00 mm in thickness). It was also found to have 3-5 ramifications with the angle of 10o – 30o. The process of branching out was supposed to initiate a natural insertion of each formed fiber to others. It is believed that fibers with particular arrangements are able to prevent the penetration or tunneling of termites.

Keywords: Sugar- palm tree fiber, physical barrier, subterranean termites
SIFAT FISIK BATANG DAN CABANG KAYU MAKADAMIA
Authors: Yunianti Andi Detti
Published: July 2019

Since there have been a big difference between wood production and industrial need, wood diversification plays an important role in handling wood deficiencies. Wood raw material diversification could developed and increased throughout the use of whole parts of the tree including branch. The current study was aimed at understanding stem and branch physical properties (basic density, air-dry specific gravity, air-dry moisture content and shrinkage) of macadamia wood as quality indicators for efficient utilization in the future. For the purpose of the study, parts of stem and branch of the tree were taken from a macadamia tree. Test specimens of stem were cut 50 cm from the ground while that of branch were selected from the largest diameter at 10 cm distance from the main stem of the tree. All samples were tested for their physical properties according to ISO standards, 1975. Results showed that the basic density, air dry specific gravity and longitudinal shrinkage of the branchwood of macadamia were higher than those of the stem. The air-dry moisture content, radial and tangential shrinkage were low on the branchwood.

Keywords : Wood Physical Properties, Branchwood , Macadamia Wood
PRODUKSI POLONG DAN BIJI TANAMAN GAMAL (Glirisidia sepium) DARI BERBAGAI PROVENANSI DENGAN PEMUPUKAN NPK
Authors: Restu Muh. , Mappangaja Baharuddin
Published: July 2019

The productivity of forest natural resources is now decreasing and therefore rehabilitation efforts is urgently needed. Breeding of forest plant is the best solution to increase forest productivity in both quantity and quality. The biological reproduction can be conducted through seed production with fertilization. This research was aimed at determining the effect of fertilizing treatments on pod and seed production of different Glirisidia sepium provenances to find out the best provenance and best fertilizer dosage. Fertilization treatments showed a significant effect on the pod and seed production. On the other hand, the provenance and its interaction with fertilizing did not show any significant effects on the pod and seed production. The best performance was found on the fertilization treatment of 500 g resulting in the average production of 1,288 pods and 27,621 seeds/tree.

Keywords: Fertilizing, Seed Production, Provenance, Glirisidia sepium
DISPERSAL PATTERN OF JUVENILES OF EMERGENT, CANOPY AND SHADE-TOLERANT TREE SPECIES ON FLOOD-PLANE FOREST AREA AT BERAU, EAST KALIMANTAN
Authors: Ngakan Putu Oka , Suzuki Eiji , Yamada Toshihiro
Published: July 2019

Pola penyebaran anakan jenis pohon emergent (Shorea sp.), kanopi (Maduca malaccensis) dan toleran naungan (Aglaia tomentosa) telah diamati pada hutan dataran rendah luapan banjir di Berau, Kalimantan Timur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, penyebaran anakan ketiga jenis pohon tersebut sangat dipengaruhi oleh agen dispersal buah. Anakan Shorea sp., yang mana memiliki buah tipe samara, sebagian besar tersebar pada bagian Utara-Barat pohon induknya, mengikuti arah angin yang menerbangkan buahnya. Anakan dua jenis lainnya, yang mana buahnya yang bertipe berry sangat disukai oleh binatang mamalia, menyebar secara lebih merata. Struktur populasi anakan ketiga jenis tersebut menunjukkan kecenderungan yang berbeda. Shorea sp. menunjukkan struktur populasi berbentuk huruf J terbalik yang sangat tajam, sedangkan struktur populasi anakan dua jenis lainnya cenderung berbentuk garis horizontal. Perbedaan struktur populasi tersebut terkait dengan toleransi jenis-jenis tersebut terhadap naungan. Buah Shorea sp. yang jumlahnya melimpah segera berkecambah setelah jatuh, namun pertumbuhan anakan selanjutnya tertahan oleh naungan kanopy hutan yang sangat rapat.

Key words : Dispersal, Juvenil, Emergent, Canopy, Shade-tolerant
SIFAT FISIK DAN MEKANIK KOMPOSIT KAYU SEMEN-SERBUK GERGAJI
Authors: Bakri . , Gunawan Endra , Sanusi Djamal
Published: July 2019

This research aims to find out the effect of cement-saw dust ratio levels on the physical and mechanical properties of produced composites. The physical properties (density, water content, water absorption after the immersion of one hour and 24 hours, and thickness swelling after the immersion of one hour and 24 hours) and mechanical properties (MOE and MOR) were observed according to ISO standards. The results showed that the use of the cement to sawdust ratio of 3 : 1 in producing wood composite with the target density of 1200 kg/m3 resulted in the lowest water absorption and the highest MOE and MOR. The swelling value and MOR of the produced boards were not acceptable, but their water content, water absorption, and MOE parameters were acceptable according to ISO 8335 1997.

Key Words : Physical and mechanical properties, cement wood composite, sawdust
KUALITAS PAPAN KOMPOSIT BERLAPIS FINIR DARI SABUT KELAPA DAN PLASTIK POLIETILENA DAUR ULANG: VARIASI UKURAN PARTIKEL SABUT KELAPA
Authors: Setyawati Dina , Hadi Yusuf Sudo , Massijaya Muh. Yusram , Nugroho Naresworo
Published: July 2019

Agricultural fibers are currently used as a substituted resource to wood-based products. One of agricultural fibers that has been developed and become a resource for panel products is coir (coconut fiber). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality of veneered composite board made of coir and recycled polyethylene (RPE). The target density of board samples was 0.7 g/cm3. The board construction type is core type composite board (three layers). Veneers from Meranti (Shorea sp.) were used as face and back layers and coir was in the core layer. RPE composition was 50% based on coir particle and veneers oven dry weights. Recycled plastics were placed in three layers, 30% on the face and back layers, and 70% in the core layer. The coir sizes were under 1 cm, 1 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, and 10 cm up (along coir size). The composite board samples were tested by JIS A 5908 – 1994. Each parameter was measured in three replications. The research results obtained are as follows : (1) Veneered composite boards made of coir and RPE fulfill the JIS A 5908 standard in term of density, thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours of water immersions, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture and internal bond, and (2) The coir size did not significantly affect the properties of composite board.

Keywords: veneered composite board, coir size, recycled polyethylene
PAPAN SEMEN-GYPSUM DARI CORE-KENAF (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) MENGGUNAKAN TEKNOLOGI PENGERASAN AUTOCLAVE
Authors: Maail Rohny Setiawan , Hermawan Dede , Hadi Yusuf Sudo
Published: July 2019

Cement and gypsum bonded cellulosic fiber reinforced materials are ultimately ideal ecological building products. Their capability to use industrial coproducts and wastes as both their matrix material make its reinforcement also environmentally sustainable products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of proportion cement-gypsum and curing autoclave time on the properties of cement gypsum board from core-kenaf. Three levels of proportion cement and gypsum were applied, namely; 40:60, 50:50, and 60:40, where cements contain at face-back layers and gypsum contain at core layers. Five levels of curing autoclave time were applied, namely ; conventional curing 2 weeks (control), curing autoclave 2, 4, 8, and 16 hours. CaCl2 3% and Borax 2 % was used as an accelerator and retarder. The physical and mechanical properties of cement-gypsum board were observed in according to JIS A 5417-1992. The results show that the physical and mechanical properties were gain on proportion of cement-gypsum 60:40 with 8 hours curing autoclave.

Key words : Core-kenaf, Cement-gypsum board, Autoclave

References
PERENCANAAN PENGELOLAAN HUTAN RAKYAT DI TANA TORAJA
Authors: Malamassam Daud
Published: July 2019

A study on the management planning of Public Forest in Tana Toraja Regency was implemented with the aim of establishing a concept for forest product regulation in order to attain an optimum result and benefits in the interest of the owners and regional development. As the result, the public forest that located on 10 districts in Tana Toraja Regency can be organized into four Management Units. By an appropriate management treatments, every management unit can present an adequate and sustainable quantity of raw material for wood processing industries in this region.

Keywords: Management Planning, Public Forest, Yield Sustainability, Management Unit, and Annual Allowable Cut
PERUBAHAN SIFAT FISIK DAN STABILITAS DIMENSI KAYU AKIBAT PENGAWETAN MENGGUNAKAN IMPREGNASI KARBONDIOKSIDA
Authors: Wahyuni Ifa Zanty , Muin Musrizal , Suhasman .
Published: July 2019

The effect of preservative treatment using carbon dioxide as a carrier solvent on wood physical properties and dimensional stability had been observed on three commercial wood species (Agathis sp., Palaquium sp., and Heritiera sp.). For the purpose of the study, wood samples measuring 1,5 (R) x 1,5 (T) x 15 (L) cm were prepared. Treatment was conducted at elevated temperature (50C - 350C) and increased pressure (60 - 80 kgf/cm2) on one occasion with five replicates using two specimens of each wood species for each treatment. The final treatment condition was maintained for three different periods (10, 20, 30 minutes). Results indicated that the physical properties and dimensional stability of the preserved wood were not significantly affected by the application of CO2 impregnation as carrier solvent.

Key words: Preservative treatment, Carbon dioxide, Carrier solvent, Wood physical properties, Wood dimensional stability
PERUBAHAN SIFAT FISIK DAN STABILITAS DIMENSI KAYU AKIBAT PENGAWETAN MENGGUNAKAN IMPREGNASI KARBONDIOKSIDA
Authors: Asdar Muhammad
Published: July 2019

The anatomical characteristics were studied to collect information for wood identification of Gyrinops versteegii from Gorontalo. Anatomical characterisics were determined from microtome sectioned samples and macerated samples. Observation of anatomical structure in accordance to IAWA List included vessel (diameter, height, grouping, frequention, porosity, arrangement, perforation plates, deposits, and pits), rays (type, height, width and frequention), parenchyme, and fiber (diameter, diameter of lumina and wall thickness). The research results obtained are G. versteegii has included phloem, diffuse porous, radial multiple 2-4(7), 90 µm in tangential diameter, 14 per sq.mm, simple perforation plates, intervessel pit alternate and no deposites in vessel. Rays uniseriate, heterocellular and 8,4 rays per mm. Axial parenchyma diffuse or associated with included phloem and there are fusiform parenchyma cells. Intercellular canals absent. This wood has short size and very thin walled fiber.

Keywords: Agar wood, wood anatomy, included phloem, G. versteegii
ANALISIS PERUBAHAN BILANGAN KURVA ALIRAN PERMUKAAN PADA BEBERAPA SKENARIO PEMANFAATAN LAHAN DI SUB DAS LATOMA, DAS KONAWEHA, SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Malamassam Miranda R. , Pakasi Sandra E.
Published: July 2019

Sub watershed of Latoma has to be considered as an area of the important regions in South East Sulawesi, because it takes a great responsibility as a water supplier in Konaweha watershed. Konaweha watershed is a source of irrigation and domestic water for Kolaka Regency, Konawe Regency, South Konawe Regency and Kendari Municipality which has been recently in a critical condition. For this reason, it should be well managed. This study was implemented with the aim of establishing model of land use in Latoma sub watershed that can preserve the land and water resources. The method employs a system analysis with simulation technique by using the Run-off Curve Number (CN) model based on Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The result of the research revealed that the run-off curve number is 70,34. It showed that maximum potential water retention or infiltration rate is 107,10 mm. Restructuring of land use pattern should be done to improve the condition of the area to achieve a sustainability objectives.

Keywords : Watershed, land use, run-off curve number (CN), GIS
PENENTUAN JENIS TUMBUHAN PENCIRI PADA EMPAT KOMUNITAS TUMBUHAN DI KAWASAN KARST MAROS-PANGKEP SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Ahmad Amran , Nurdin Dariana
Published: July 2019

The study aims to determine the distinguishing plant species within a plant community forest in the karst area of Maros-Pangkep. Plots of 20 meters by 20 meters were purposively established on 40 different locations representing proportionally facies of massif, porous, leyered and metamorphosed carbonate rocks. Tree dimensions in terms of height and diameter of trees in every plot were measured. The data were examinated through table method and principal component analysis (PCA). The study indicated that the distiguishing plant species determined by table method, only could diffrenciate between the group of communities over massif, porous rock facies and the group of communities over layered, metamorphosed rock facies. Whereas, determining plant species characteristic by PCA method gave sharper interpretation about the distiguishing plant species of plant communities among massif, porous, layered and matamorphosed rock facies.

Keywords: Karst area, South Sulawesi
KONTRIBUSI HUTAN PINUS RAKYAT TERHADAP PENDAPATAN MASYARAKAT DI TANA TORAJA
Authors: Malamassam Daud
Published: July 2019

A study on the contribution of community forest to the community income in Tana Toraja Regency was implemented with the aim of identifying the community forest contribution to owners income and formulating the effort that can be carried out for enhancing the contribution. As the result, the community forest contribution to owners income is still very low (2.94% in average). Based on analysis result, the potencial revenue of community forest farming in Tana Toraja Regency can be 2.3 larger than the present obtaining revenue. The mentioned potencial revenue can be more increased by developing a more proportional allocation of the revenue to the related farmers (related communities)

Key words : Community forest, contribution, community income, forest product and benefit
PEMANFAATAN NIRA AREN (Arenga pinnata Merr) SEBAGAI BAHAN PEMBUATAN GULA PUTIH KRISTAL
Authors: Baharuddin . , Muin Musrizal , Bandaso Herniaty
Published: July 2019

A research was conducted to evaluate the quality of white refined sugar produced from palm tree (Arenga pinnata) using direct and indirect cooking processes. Visual methods were applied to determine color, shape and texture of produced sugar. The sucrose, ash, and other sugar contents as well as dry weight of produced refined sugar were also analyzed. Results showed that the production process using direct cooking resulted in small granulated, dry, compacted and milky white refined sugar, while that using indirect cooking (four hours storage) produced clay granulated, less compacted, dust shape and browning refined sugar. The sucrose, ash, and other sugar contents found in direct cooking process were 10.27%, 0.016%. and 2.68%, respectively, while those found in indirect cooking process were 11.11%, 0.018%, and 2.78%, respectively.

Keywords: Palm tree, Arenga pinnata, nira, white refined sugar
UJI EFEKTIVITAS BAKTERI ANTAGONIS Pseudomonas flourescens DAN P. putida UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN P. solanacearum PENYEBAB PENYAKIT LAYU PADA TANAMAN MURBEI
Authors: Nuraeni Sitti , Fattah Abdul
Published: July 2019

Pseudomonas solanacearum is a bacterial agent causing wilt disease on mulberry species and other woody plant in Indonesian. Biological control employing the antagonist bacteria such as P. fluorescens and P. Putida is a potential method. The aim of the research was to know the effectiveness of P. fluorescens and P. putida to suppress wilt diseases caused by P. solanacearum. The diseases control test with antagonist bacteria was conducted by immersion of root of seedlings in P. fluorescens and P. putida suspensions before planted in a growth medium inoculated by P. solanacearum with the all concentrations were 108 CFU/ml. The following parameters were observed: numbers of leaves, fresh and dry weights of leaves and severity of disease. The results of the effectiveness test showed that antagonist bacteria in the form of mixing of P. fluorescens and P. putida was the best, because they were capable to suppress wilt disease caused by P. solanacearum and increased productivity of mulberry leaves.

keywords : antagonist bacteria, biological control, wilt disease
ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI JAMUR KAYU DARI HUTAN PENDIDIKAN DAN LATIHAN TABO-TABO KECAMATAN BUNGORO KABUPATEN PANGKEP
Authors: Arif Astuti , Muin Musrizal , Kuswinanti Tutik , Harfiani Fitri
Published: July 2019

Wood deterioration were generally occured by the activities of biological agents. Fungal can attack wood and lignoselulosic substances and cause staining and decaying. Its damage levels were vary depending on the attacking fungal species. Eventhough it poses some disadvantages, actually fungy have potential benefits for human life such as nutrient, energy resources, medicine, etc. Fungy from Tabo-tabo educational forest were collected, isolated,and identified in this study. Identification was conducted throughout their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. The result showed that the amount of fungal species were nineteen species, i.e: Aspergillus sp.,Poria subacida, Fomes sp., Lenzites sp., Hericium sp., Dacrymyces deliquescens, Ganoderma lucidum, Clitocybe sp., Trametes confragasa, Shizophyllum commune, Periconia sp., dan Helicosporium sp.,Clitocybe sp., Schizophyllum commune, dan Hygrophorus hypotejus,Ganoderma lucidum dan Coprinus atramentarius, Amanitopsis fulva dan Dacrymyces deliquescens, Collybia sp., Amanitopsis fulva, Hygrophorus hypotejus,Coprinus atramentarius, Monilia sitophilia, Gilmaniella sp. dan Conoplea sp.

Key words: Wood fungy, deterioration, Tabo-tabo Educational Forest

References
MUTU BRIKET ARANG KULIT BUAH KAKAO DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KANJI SEBAGAI PEREKAT
Authors: Usman M. Natsir
Published: July 2019

The development of an alternative energy is now becoming important due to the decrease of natural energy source, The current research was conducted to observe the quality of making charcoal briquette from cocoa pod shell with the particle size of 30 mesh, 50 mesh, 70 mesh and 7 % starch as adhesive. The result showed that charcoal particle size of 70 mesh gave the best charcoal briquette quality having characteristics: moisture 10.67 %, density of 1.15 g/cm3, 18.98% ash content, 49.93 % fixed carbon, 24.99% volatile matter and the calorific value of 4372.54 cal/g.
Charcoal briquette from cocoa pod shell was utilized as alternative energy.

Key words: Cocoa pod shell, charcoal briquette, starch as adhesive.

References
PERANAN SUMBERDAYA HUTAN DALAM PEREKONOMIAN DAN DAMPAK PEMUNGUTAN RENTE HUTAN TERHADAP KELESTARIAN HUTAN DI KABUPATEN GOWA
Authors: Alam Syamsu , Hajawa .
Published: July 2019

Kabupaten Gowa has 63.099 ha forest area, consists of 24.226 ha of protected forest, 3.309 ha of conservation forest/recreation forest, and 35.554 ha of production forest. The value of forest resource can be estimated based on use value an non use value. Use value of forest resource in Kabupaten Goewa covers direct economic value wich is obtained from timber product and non timber product. While indirect economic value is obtained from iriigation water, fresh water, agriculture production increase, and forest recreation value and also contribution in labour section. Contribution of agricultural sector in Bruto Regional Domestic Product (Produk Domestik Regional Bruto = PDRB) of Kabupaten Gowa base on the data of 2000 to 2005 is high enough, more than half of PDRB of Kabupaten Gowa which is 52,29 %. However the contribution of subsector of forestry to the economy of Kabupaten Gowa is very small, only 0,17 %. the use of ecpnomy rent for land of rehabilitation in 2005 has been use as much as Rp. 142.384.858,- for 95,50 ha of area. This fund is come from Dana Alokasi Khusus - Dana Reboisasai(DAK-DR)40 % (special allocation fund-reforestration fund 40 %) the part is managed by the region of production.

Keywords: Forest rent, forest sustainability

References
POTENSI EKSTRAK DAUN PINUS (Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vriese) SEBAGAI BIOHERBISIDA PENGHAMBAT PERKECAMBAHAN Echinochloa colonum L. DAN Amaranthus viridis.
Authors: Senjaya Yusuf Andi , Surakusumah Wahyu
Published: July 2019

The allelopathic substances are organic agents which are produced and released by a plant that cause alteration on the neighboring plants. The characteristics of allelochemicals usually inhibit germination of other species and sometime will reduce growth of the other species which associate with the producer of allelochemicals. The mechanism of allelochemicals can be used to suppress a germination of Echinochloa colonum L. and Amaranthus viridis L. These plants are weeds species of rice. The aims of this research were to study the allelochemicals effect from the leaf of pines (Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vriese) on germination of Echinochloa colonum L. and Amaranthus viridis L.. The experimental design used Completely Randomized Design with five replicates for each concentration (0, 250, 500, 750, 1000 ppm). The result which was analyzed with One-Way Analyze of Varians (ANOVA) indicated that giving a pine leaf extracts had an inhibitor effect on germination of E. colonum L. and A. viridis L.

Keywords: Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vriese, allelopathy, weeds, Echinochloa colonum L., Amaranthus viridis L.

References
PENGARUH PERENDAMAN PARTIKEL TERHADAP SIFAT FISIS DAN MEKANIS PAPAN PARTIKEL DARI AMPAS TEBU (Saccharum officinarum)
Authors: Iswanto Apri Heri , Coto Zahrial , Effendy Kurniawansyah
Published: July 2019

The objective of this research is to research the effect of particle soaking to physical and mechanical properties particleboard that resulted. The best result of particleboard is particleboard with treatment of hot water soaking. From this result obtained average of physical properties of particleboard (i.e. density, moisture content, water absorption, and thickness swelling) are 0.7 g/cm3; 9.58%; 52.27%; 10.05%. While the result average of mechanical properties of particleboard (i.e. Modulus of Rupture, Modulus of Elasticity, Internal Bond and Screw Holding Power) are 118.79 kg/cm2; 8.909 kg/cm2; 1.85 kg/cm2; 28.40 kg.

Key words: Soaking, bagasse, particleboard, physical and mechanical properties

References
ASPEK BIOLOGIS ULATSUTERA (Bombyx mori L.) DARI DUA SUMBER BIBIT DI SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Nuraeni Sitti , Putranto Beta
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this research to compared the biological aspect of silkworm seeds with two resources of seeds in South Sulawesi are Perum Perhutani (P1) and China hybrid (P2). The result of this research can be information for user of the sericulture. The observation will be done the hatchability of eggs, resistance of larva, and the characteristic of the larval. The observation of the cocoon quality such as whole fresh cocoon weight, the cocoon without pupa weight, the presentation of shell cocoon, the presentation of abnormal cocoon, and the characteristic of the cocoon. The data was analyzed with using proportion different test and t-student test. The result of this research was showed that hatchability of kind eggs as not significant. The resistance of larva as the higher from P2 and presentation of abnormal cocoon was lower. So the cocoon without pupa was not significant with the seeds from P1, but the cocoon weight and size of cocoon are bigger than from P2. Both larva motif and cocoon characteristic from P1 and from China hybrid is significant, but larva stadia from P2 was shorter than from P1.

Key words : Biological aspect, silkworm (Bombyx mori), seeds resources

References
PELUANG INVESTASI USAHA BUDIDAYA KUTU LAK (Laccifer lacca Kerr): STUDI KASUS DI KPH PROBOLINGGO PERUM PERHUTANI UNIT II JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Taskirawati Ira , Suratmo F. Gunawan , Darusman Dudung , Haneda Noor Farikhah
Published: July 2019

Lac insect (Laccifer lacca Kerr) is phytophogus insect, that feed on Kesambi Tree (Schleichera oleosa Merr). During its life cycle, lac insect has been producing secretion in liquid form, known as LAK and having many uses, such as varnish/polish, food cover, drug capsule, cassette ribbon, etc. In 2005, Perum Perhutani has produced 60.547 kg LAK pellets, but has not fulfilled yet market demand. Cultivation technique is still conducted in a very sampling, and easy to be studied. Investment in developing lac insect is also profitable, and promising. There are two choices of management schemes in it cultivate, the first is by infecting lac insect to the host tree when the tree is 15 years old (project I) and the second is by infecting lac insect when the tree is 4 years old (project I). Financially, the Project II is more beneficial than Project I, so that the investment for project II is reasonable to be done. The value of NPV+22.321.052.395, IRR 16.9%, BCR 1.55 and Net B/C 3.71 with discounted payback period for 10 year 8 months.

Key words: Laccifer lacca Kerr, Schleichera oleosa Merr, investment opportunity, strategy in developing
TEKNIK PEMANENAN MADU LEBAH HUTAN OLEH MASYARAKAT SEKITAR HUTAN DI KECAMATAN MALLAWA KABUPATEN MAROS
Authors: Mujetahid A.
Published: July 2019

This research purpose to understand the technique of forest honey bee harvesting and income of local community who harvest the honey of forest honey bee in District of Mallawa, Regency of Maros. Data was obtained through observation, intervieuw and discussion method to the related stakeholders and collected by using purpossive sampling method. The number of respondents involved in this research were 30 persons. Data that have been collected then calculated, tabulated and descriptively analyzed according to research objective. The result of research shows that technique of forest honeybee harvesting consists of several steps. The first step was preparation of harvesting tools such as amung used for smoking the honey comb, kondre for putting the honey comb in container and stain for climbing the tree. The next steps were climbing the tree, taking and sorting the honey comb from the tree, putting down the honey comb, compressing the honey comb and packing the honey. Harvest yield of honey was 1,601,25 kg/year or Rp 28,200,000/year or the average was Rp. 940,000/year.

Key words: Technique harvesting, honey bee, local community around the forest area, income
ANALISIS FINANSIAL AGROFORESTRI KAKAO DI LAHAN HUTAN NEGARA DAN LAHAN MILIK
Authors: Febryano Indra Gumay
Published: July 2019

The cultivation of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) has been an important driver of tropical deforestation globally. Efforts to reverse this trend are focusing on the reintroduction of shade trees to cocoa plantations. Shade trees are valuable in enhancing biophysical conditions on cocoa fields and contribute to biodiversity and product diversification for smallholder producers. The aim of this study was to compare financial analysis of cocoa agroforestry between in state forest land and private land. Financial analysis was undertaken to assess its economic viability. Input–output data were collected from farmer by interview and participant observation. A discounted cash flow analysis was carried out to estimate the benefit-cost (B/C) ratio, net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) at 6,4% discount rate. The results showed that the main combination of planting pattern that consist of cacao and banana (in state forest land), cacao and petai, cacao and durian (in private land) were financially feasible; the largest contribution was given by cacao at all planting patterns based on farmer household revenue structure.

Key words: Financial analysis, cocoa, agroforestry, land tenure security
PERBAIKAN KARAKTERISTIK KAYU KELAPA HIBRIDA MELALUI METODE PEMANASAN DAN PEMADATAN
Authors: Suhasman . , Sadiyo Sucahyo , Coto Zahrial
Published: July 2019

For optimum utilization of coconut wood, there are necessity to improve the quality of the wood caused by higroscopicity, low dimensional stability, and extreme variability of dimension in lateral direction. The purpose of the research were to analyze the characteristics of coconut wood that had been treated by heating and densification. The treatment consist of one or two hours heating, one hour heating combined to 10 or 20% densification, two hours heating combined to 10 or 20% densification. Temperature that applied for all specimen were 180 oC. The research results are as follows: (1) Heating treatment combined to densification effective to reduce higroscopicity of coconut wood, (2) Heating treatment for two hours are suffice as pretreatment to densify the soft part of coconut wood for 20%, (3) Dimensional stability of coconut wood may improve using heating combined to densification treatments that indicated by decreasing rate of dimensional change, (4) Heating and densification treatment effective to improve the hardness of soft part coconut wood.

Keywords : coconut wood, heating treatment, densification

References
KOMPONEN KIMIA DAN FISIK ABU SEKAM PADI SEBAGAI SCM UNTUK PEMBUATAN KOMPOSIT SEMEN
Authors: Bakri .
Published: July 2019

This research aimed to determine chemical and physical component of rice husk ash as supplementing cement material to manufacture cement composite products. Charcoal of rice husk ash obtained by burning rice husk conventionally in kiln drum and burned again in furnace 1400 Barnsted Thermolyne Type at temperature 600o C for 2 hours. Analysis of chemical and physical component refer to SNI 15-2049-2004. Major chemical compound of rice husk ash was 72.28 % of silica and 21.43 of LOI. Density of rice husk ash was 760 kg/m3.

Key words: SCM, rice husk ash, chemical and physical component, cemet composite
ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI JAMUR KAYU DARI HUTAN PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN DI BENGO-BENGO KECAMATAN CENRANA KABUPATEN MAROS
Authors: Arif Astuti , Muin Musrizal , Kuswinanti Tutik , Rahmawati .
Published: July 2019

Wood deterioration were generally occured by the activities of biological agents. Fungal can attack wood and lignoselullosic substances and cause staining and decaying. Its damage levels were vary depending on the attacking fungal species. Eventhough it poses some disadvantages, actually fungy have potential benefits for human life such as nutrient, energy resources, medicine, etc. Fungy from the Hasanuddin University Experimental Forest were collected, isolated, and identified in this study. Identification was conducted throughout their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. The result showed that the amount of fungal species were fourteen species, i.e: Trichoderma sp., Phymatotrichum sp., Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, Pleurotus sp., Verticillium sp., Schizophyllum sp., Clavariadelphus truncates, Beuveria sp, Dendryphion sp., Penicillium sp., Amanita junguilea (jamur kikik), Auricularia auricularis (jamur kuping pimir), Amanita fuliginea Hongo, and Fusarium sp.

Key words: Wood fungy, deterioration, Hasanuddin University Experimental Forest
PRODUKTIVITAS PENEBANGAN PADA HUTAN JATI (Tectona Grandis) RAKYAT DI KABUPATEN BONE
Authors: Mujetahid M. Andi
Published: July 2019

Community teak forest in Bone Regency was +- 4,220 ha in wide, spreading in Amali, Ulaweng, Bengo, Mare, Tonra, Kahu, Salomekko, Ajangale, Dua Boccoe, Lamuru, Tellulimpoe, Lappariaja, Libureng, Palakka, Bontocani and Ponre Subdistricts. The descriptive method was used to describe and clarify felling activities of community teak forest. The quantitative approach was conducted by recording and analyzing the data such as working time, length, diameter, volume, , productivity, etc. Time measurement of each work element with non stop method to get total time. The study was aimed to felling productivity with chainsaw 5,12 m3 /day.

Key words: community teak forest, felling, working time, productivity
NILAI DESAIN ACUAN SAMBUNGAN KAYU GESER GANDA DENGAN PAKU BERPELAT SISI BAJA AKIBAT BEBAN UNI-AKSIAL TEKAN MENURUT BERBAGAI ANALISIS PENDEKATAN
Authors: Sadiyo Sucahyo , Nugroho Naresworo , Surjokusumo Surjono , Wahyudi Imam
Published: July 2019

The purposes of this research are to know the influence of woods specific gravity and nail diameter to reference design value in double shear timber connections with steel side plates nail on four species of Indonesian commercial wood according to various approximation analysis. Analysis is done to four values and it is compared with other research that has been done. This research result from testing which have done by Ziannita (2009) referred as approach of A; result of research of Sadiyo and Sriyanto (2009) and Mansur (2009) referred as approach of B; values referring at literature referred as approach of C and compressive-joint total load divided by nail amount and factor of safety referred as approach of D (Sadiyo and Sriyanto, 2009 and Mansur, 2009). Joint done by using four species of Indonesian commercial wood which is meranti merah (Shorea leprosula), mabang (Shorea pachyphylla), kempas (Koompassia malaccensis) and bangkirai (Shorea laevifolia). Nails that applied in this research are nail with diameter of 4.1 mm length of 10 cm, nail with diameter of 5.2 mm length of 12.5 cm and nail with diameter of 5.5 mm length of 15 cm. The calculation of this research is done according to National Design Specification for Wood Construction-2005. Analysis results indicate that wood specific gravity influence the strength of connection, excelsior wood specific gravity will produce high strength of connection also. This can be influenced by mechanical properties from wood such as maximum crushing strength. Bangkirai have higher specific gravity than three others wood but result approach of D shows that the connections assess reference design value which is lower compared with two other woods (kempas and mabang wood). Then, the bigger on nail diameter brings bigger strength of connection also, but this thing depends on the conditions from nail and quality of nail materials.

Key words: compression loading, double shear connections, nail, reference design value, steel side plates.
KARAKTERISTIK AKAR BEREKTOMIKORIZA PADA Shorea pinanga, Pinus merkusii DAN Gnetum gnemon
Authors: Riniarti Melya , Mansur Irdika , Wulandari Arum Sekar , Kusmana Cecep
Published: July 2019

Morphology and anatomy characteristics often used to identify ectomycorrhizal fungi. We used three Scleroderma spp. (Scleroderma columnare, S. dictyosporum), and S. sinnamariense) and inoculated to Shorea pinanga, Pinus merkusii, and Gnetum gnemon. After 6,8, and 10 months, each root tips were collected to determined hyphae colour, branching pattern, clamp-connection, hartig net and mantle. This result revealed that S. sinnamariense did not form association with S. pinanga and P. merkusii but form association with G. gnemon. On the other hand, S. columnare and S. dictyosporum could form association with all the host plants. S. columnare and S. dictyosporum formed white hyphae while S. sinnamariense formed yellow hyphae with monopodial branching pattern. The depth of hartig net and mantle was increased by timed.

Key words: ectomycorrhizal fungi, hartig net, mantle, Scleroderma
ASR OF RICE HUSK AND THE POTENTIAL USE OF RHA TO MITIGATE ASR IN CEMENT COMPOSITE
Authors: Bakri . , Sanusi Djamal , Muin Musrizal
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi reaksi alkali silika (ASR) pada sekam padi. Pembuatan contoh uji Mortar Bar didasarkan pada ASTM C 1260 yang dikenal sebagai "Accelerated Mortar Bar Test". Sekam padi yang telah dibersihkan dan dikeringkan kemudian digiling dengan menggunakan blender selama 3 menit untuk menghasilkan partikel sekam padi lolos ayakan 10 mesh. Pembuatan Mortar Bar dilakukan dengan mencampur sekam padi, semen, dan kapur yang dicetak pada molder kubus ukuran 25 x 25 x 285 mm. Rasio komposisi campuran sekam padi : {(semen : kapur)} terdiri atas 6 komposisi campuran (A, B, C, D, E, dan F) dengan rasio 30 dan 40 % : {( 100 : 0), (72 : 25), (50 : 50)} berdasarkan berat semen + kapur. Persentase pertambahan panjang Mortar Bar diukur setelah contoh uji yang direndam pada larutan NaOH 1 N disimpan dalam tanur pada suhu 80o C selama 16 hari. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ASR contoh uji Mortar Bar pada semua komposisi campuran tergolong potensial merusak dan sekam padi tergolong agregat reaktif.
IDENTIFIKASI JENIS JAMUR PATOGEN UNTUK PENGENDALIAN RAYAP TANAH Coptotermes sp.
Authors: Arif Astuti , Syahidah . , Nuraeni Sitti
Published: July 2019

Fungi have a great diversity and wide distribution at the world. It can be used as the alternative technology for controlling of subterranean termite attack, particularly genus Coptotermes knowned as the wooden destructive organism, by using entomophatogenic fungi. For the purpose of the study, several isolate sources were taken from some locations. The results show that eight numbers of pathogenic fungi was founded by screening and identification of fungi taken from 19 numbers of isolate sources. The pathogenic fungi were Beauveria sp., Penicillium brevicompactum, P. rubrum, Paecilomyces fulvus, Fusarium verticolloides, Pythium sp., and Aspergillus sp.

Key words: Jamur entomopatogen, Coptotermes sp.
PERBANDINGAN KARAKTERISTIK DAN PRODUKTIVITAS ULATSUTERA (Bombyx mori L.) DARI TIGA BIBIT HIBRID
Authors: Nuraeni Sitti , Baharuddin .
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this research to compared the characteristic and productivity of three silkworm seeds. The result of this research can be information for user of the sericulture. Three seeds examination from Perum Perhutani Soppeng ( P1), BS09 ( P2) and C103 ( P3) from Perum Perhutani Candiroto (Central Java).The observation will be done the hatchability of eggs, resistance of larval, and the characteristic of the larval. Result of research shows that stadium of P2 and P3 silkworm is shorter (21 days) than P1 (23 days). Larval characteristic; colored and larval pattern are equal relative except longer caterpillar P1 length from P2 and P3. Cocoon characteristic; colored, wrinkle and its hardness relative is of equal except size measure and form the cocoon, ellipse globular bigger P1 than P2 and P3 are elliptical like peanut. The result of this research was showed that examination three seeds hybrid of productivity observation (hatchability of eggs and resistance of mature larval,) P1 better than P2 and P3.

Key words: Characteristic, productivity, hybrid seed, silkworm (Bombyx mori L).