bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control of Table Grapes Postharvest Decay by Ozone Treatment and Resveratrol Induction
Authors: Cayuela J.A. , Vázquez A. , Pérez A.G. , García J.M.
Published: February 2010

Continued and intermittent (12 h per day) ozone treatments (2 ppm) to control postharvest decay have been assayed during the storage of ‘Superior Seedless’, ‘Cardinal CL80,’ and ‘Regina Victoria’ table grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) at 5 °C for 72 days. The effects of these treatments on the main fruit quality parameters, including resveratrol content, were monitored. Both ozone treatments considerably reduced decay of cold stored grapes compared to those kept in air, continuous ozone treatment being the most effective for controlling postharvest losses. Intermittent ozone treatment induced the highest resveratrol content in stored grapes. On the contrary, ozone-treated grapes got lower scores in the sensory evaluation tests and also showed significantly higher weight losses than the fruits kept in air.
Relapse of leukemia with loss of mismatched HLA resulting from uniparental disomy after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Villalobos Itzel Bustos , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Akatsuka Yoshiki , Muramatsu Hideki , Nishio Nobuhiro , Hama Asahito , Yagasaki Hiroshi , Saji Hiroh , Kato Motohiro , Ogawa Seishi , Kojima Seiji
Published: February 2010

We investigated human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression on leukemic cells derived from patients at diagnosis and relapse after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) using flow cytometry with locus-specific antibodies. Two of 3 patients who relapsed after HLA-haploidentical HSCT demonstrated loss of HLA alleles in leukemic cells at relapse; on the other hand, no loss of HLA alleles was seen in 6 patients who relapsed after HLA-identical HSCT. Single-nucleotide polymorphism array analyses of sorted leukemic cells further revealed the copy number-neutral loss of heterozygosity, namely, acquired uniparental disomy on the short arm of chromosome 6, resulting in the total loss of the mismatched HLA haplotype. These results suggest that the escape from immunosurveillance by the loss of mismatched HLA alleles may be a crucial mechanism of relapse after HLA-haploidentical HSCT. Accordingly, the status of mismatched HLA on relapsed leukemic cells should be checked before donor lymphocyte infusion.
Progress and applications of mouse models for human lung cancer
Authors: de Seranno S. , Meuwissen R.
Published: February 2010

The continued progress of modelling lung cancer in mice has led not only to new means of understanding the molecular pathways governing human lung cancer, but it has also created a vast reservoir of alternative tools to test treatments against this malignancy. More sophisticated somatic mouse models for nonsmall cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer and pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma have been generated that closely mimic human lung cancer. These models enable us to identify the cells of origin and the role of stem cells in the maintenance of the various types of lung cancer. Moreover, results of lung cancer intervention studies are now starting to reveal the full potential of these somatic mouse models as powerful pre-clinical models.
Optical characterization of colloidal CdSe quantum dots in endothelial progenitor cells
Authors: Molnár Mátyás , Fu Ying , Friberg Peter , Chen Yun
Published: February 2010

We have quantitatively analyzed the confocal spectra of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) in rat endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) by using Leica TCS SP5 Confocal Microscopy System. Comparison of the confocal spectra of QDs located inside and outside EPCs revealed that the interaction between the QDs and EPCs effectively reduces the radius of the exciton confinement inside the QDs so that the excitonic energy increases and the QD fluorescence peak blueshifts. Furthermore, the EPC environment surrounding the QDs shields the QDs so that the excitation of the QDs inside the cells is relatively weak, whereas the QDs outside the cells can be highly excited. At high excitations, the occupation of the ground excitonic state in the QD outside the cells becomes saturated and high-energy states excited, resulting in a large relaxation energy and a broad fluorescence peak. This permits, in concept, to use QD biomarkers to monitor EPCs by characterizing QD fluorescence spectra.
Editorial: Heme oxygenase-1 and dendritic cells: what else?
Authors: Blancou Philippe , Anegon Ignacio
Published: February 2010

Accumulating evidence indicates that heme oxygenase-1 expression in dendritic cells could be the key step for providing immune suppression through Tregs in many diseases or disorders.
Carotenoid Radicals: Cryptochemistry of Natural Colorants
Authors: Kispert Lowell D , Polyakov Nikolay E
Published: February 2010

This review examines the properties and uses of carotenoid radicals. Their mechanisms of action on the molecular level play a crucial role in electron transfer and light regulation processes in photosynthesis, in the design of improved artificial solar cells, and in the scavenging of toxic free radicals. There is a remarkable increase in the quantum yield and the lifetime of the charge-separated states of the carotenoid radical cations in the supramolecular “hosts” β-glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and arabinogalactan (AG).
Size Effect of Silica-supported Gold Clusters in the Microwave-assisted Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol with H2O2
Authors: Liu Yongmei , Tsunoyama Hironori , Akita Tomoki , Tsukuda Tatsuya
Published: February 2010

Gold clusters with average diameters of 0.8, 1.5, and 1.9 nm were prepared on mesoporous silica (SBA-15) by controlling the calcination time of an Au11(PPh3)7Cl3/SBA-15 composite. It was found that the catalytic activity for benzyl alcohol oxidation decreased monotonically with the increase in size.
Blue, Green, and Red Light Emission of 1,8-Carbazole-based Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Michinobu Tsuyoshi , Osako Haruka , Murata Kimie , Shigehara Kiyotaka
Published: February 2010

Blue, green, and red light emitting conjugated copolymers based on the 1,8-linked carbazole unit were synthesized by the Sonogashira polycondensation between the 1,8-diethynylcarbazole derivative and arylene dibromide comonomers. The mixture of three polycarbazoles at a suitable molar ratio provided the white light emission in solutions.
Ultrastrong Gravity-induced Unusual Reactivity in Radical Addition of Bromotrichloromethane to Ethyl Cinnamate
Authors: Abe Yasuyuki , Sawada Tsuyoshi , Takafuji Makoto , Mashimo Tsutomu , Ono Masao , Ihara Hirotaka
Published: February 2010

Radical addition of bromotrichloromethane to ethyl cinnamate was carried out under an ultrastrong gravitational field (>2.5 × 105 G), and ethyl 3-chloro-3-phenyl-2-(trichloromethyl)propionate (A), ethyl 3-bromo-3-phenyl-2-(trichloromethyl)propionate (B), and ethyl 2-bromo-3-phenyl-3-(trichloromethyl)propionate (C) were isolated by reversed-phase HPLC. To date, there has been no report of the synthesis of A and C at 1 G, and this would be the first example of a selectivity change induced by ultrastrong gravity.
Regioselective Oxidation of Pyrrole Derivatives with DDQ and Its Synthetic Application
Authors: Iwamoto Ryoji , Ukaji Yutaka , Inomata Katsuhiko
Published: February 2010

t-Butyl 4-alkyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylates were oxidized with DDQ in the presence of MeOH at the α-position of the alkyl substituent at the C-4 position regioselectively to afford 4-acylpyrrole derivatives. On the other hand, treatment of the pyrroles with DDQ in the presence of AcOH furnished the corresponding 4-(1-acetoxyalkyl)pyrroles. The resulting 4-(acetoxymethyl)pyrrole reacted with various nucleophiles to afford the functionalized pyrrole derivatives in good yields.
Thermoresponsive Fluorescent Sensor Based on Core/Shell Nanocomposite Composed of Gold Nanoparticles and Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)
Authors: Wongkongkatep Jirarut , Ladadat Runchuan , Lappermpunsap Woraphoj , Wongkongkatep Pravit , Phinyocheep Pranee , Ojida Akio , Hamachi Itaru
Published: February 2010

We developed a new thermometric fluorescent sensor based on core/shell nanocomposite composed of gold nanoparticles and thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), which shows a reversible fluorescence change in response to a temperature change.
One-dimensional Tube-like {51262}n Water Clusters Stabilized in a Molecular Nanoporous Framework
Authors: Tadokoro Makoto , Iida Chihiro , Saitoh Takahito , Suda Takahiro , Miyazato Yuji
Published: February 2010

Water nanotube clusters (WNTs) contained in nanochannels of molecular porous crystal are prepared. The structure of these WNT is almost the same as that of partial clathrate-hydrate type-I, which is constructed from 1-D {51262}n water clusters stabilized under ambient atmosphere. The WNT has a structural phase transition at −53.5 °C from the solid to liquid state.
Selective Coupling at the α-Amino Group of Cysteine Using Transfer Active-ester-condensation Technology to Synthesize a Linear Octadecapeptide
Authors: Liao Yongxiang , Kong Yan , Hu Naifeng , Jin Zhi , Wang Pu
Published: February 2010

The peptide segment Fmoc-Ubiquitin67–76-NHNH2 was converted to the active ester Fmoc-Ubiquitin67–76-OCt and reacted with an unprotected seven residue fragment (H-mNGF110–117-OH) from murine Nerve Growth Factor, which contains a Cys at the N-terminus and a free ε-amino group at Lys115, using transfer active-ester-condensation (TAEC) technology. The linear product H-Ubiquitin67–76-murine Nerve Growth Factor110–117-OH was formed exclusively through the native chemical ligation mechanism.
Low-temperature Heteroepitaxy of Morphology-controlled ZnO Mirco/Nanorod Arrays on GaN Substrates
Authors: Chao Cha-Hsin , Lin Wen-Han , Chen Chang-Ho , Changjean Ching-Hua , Pan Chang-Chi , Lin Ching-Fuh
Published: February 2010

The influence of GaN seed morphology on the growth of ZnO rods by solution-based process is investigated. The orientation, defect density, and crystallinity of ZnO rods are systematically studied in this research. The structural properties of ZnO rods are investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). With different solution concentration treatments, the scale of ZnO rods is controlled with a wide size range from 130 nm up to 2.5 µm in diameter. Our investigation demonstrates that the morphologies of GaN seeding layers have strong influences on the features of the ZnO rods grown thereon. The low-temperature heteroepitaxy of ZnO mirco/nanoarchitecture arrays on GaN can be very useful for many device applications, especially for light-emitting diodes.
Copper-catalyzed Stereoselective Synthesis of Vinyl Selenides under Ligand-free Conditions
Authors: Reddy Vutukuri Prakash , Kumar Akkilagunta Vijay , Rao Kakulapati Rama
Published: February 2010

A mild and efficient protocol for the stereoselective synthesis of vinyl selenides catalyzed by CuO nanoparticles as recyclable catalyst under ligand-free conditions is reported. This methodology results in the synthesis of a variety of vinyl selenides in excellent yields with retention of stereochemistry.
The use of silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite composite co-cultured with rabbit bone-marrow stromal cells in the healing of a segmental bone defect
Authors: Wang G. , Yang H. , Li M. , Lu S. , Chen X. , Cai X.
Published: February 2010

In a rabbit model we investigated the efficacy of a silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (SF/HA) composite on the repair of a segmental bone defect. Four types of porous SF/HA composites (SF/HA-1, SF/HA-2, SF/HA-3, SF/HA-4) with different material ratios, pore sizes, porosity and additives were implanted subcutaneously into Sprague-Dawley rats to observe biodegradation. SF/HA-3, which had characteristics more suitable for a bone substitite based on strength and resorption was selected as a scaffold and co-cultured with rabbit bone-marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). A segmental bone defect was created in the rabbit radius. The animals were randomised into group 1 (SF/HA-3 combined with BMSCs implanted into the bone defect), group 2 (SF/HA implanted alone) and group 3 (nothing implanted). They were killed at four, eight and 12 weeks for visual, radiological and histological study.

The bone defects had complete union for group 1 and partial union in group 2, 12 weeks after operation. There was no formation of new bone in group 3. We conclude that SF/HA-3 combined with BMSCs supports bone healing and offers potential as a bone-graft substitute.
Is the human acetabulofemoral joint spherical?
Authors: Cereatti A. , Margheritini F. , Donati M. , Cappozzo A.
Published: February 2010

The human acetabulofemoral joint is commonly modelled as a pure ball-and-socket joint, but there has been no quantitative assessment of this assumption in the literature. Our aim was to test the limits and validity of this hypothesis. We performed experiments on four adult cadavers. Cortical pins, each equipped with a marker cluster, were implanted in the pelvis and the femur. Movements were recorded using stereophotogrammetry while an operator rotated the cadaver’s acetabulofemoral joint, exploiting the widest possible range of movement. The functional consistency of the acetabulofemoral joint as a pure spherical joint was assessed by comparing the magnitude of the translations of the hip joint centre as obtained on cadavers, with the centre of rotation of two metal segments linked through a perfectly spherical hinge. The results showed that the radii of the spheres containing 95% of the positions of the estimated centres of rotation were separated by less than 1 mm for both the acetabulofemoral joint and the mechanical spherical hinge.

Therefore, the acetabulofemoral joint can be modelled as a spherical joint within the considered range of movement (flexion/extension 20° to 70°; abduction/adduction 0° to 45°; internal/external rotation 0° to 30°).
Genetic influences in the aetiology of femoroacetabular impingement
Authors: Pollard T. C. B. , Villar R. N. , Norton M. R. , Fern E. D. , Williams M. R. , Murray D. W. , Carr A. J.
Published: February 2010

Femoroacetabular impingement causes pain in the hip in young adults and may predispose to the development of osteoarthritis. Genetic factors are important in the aetiology of osteoarthritis of the hip and may have a role in that of femoroacetabular impingement. We compared 96 siblings of 64 patients treated for primary impingement with a spouse control group of 77 individuals. All the subjects were screened clinically and radiologically using a standardised protocol for the presence of cam and pincer deformities and osteoarthritis.

The siblings of those patients with a cam deformity had a relative risk of 2.8 of having the same deformity (66 of 160 siblings hips versus 23 of 154 control hips, p < 0.00001). The siblings of those patients with a pincer deformity had a relative risk of 2.0 of having the same deformity (43 of 116 sibling hips versus 29 of 154 control hips, p = 0.001). Bilateral deformity occurred more often in the siblings (42 of 96 siblings versus 13 of 77 control subjects, relative risk 2.6, p = 0.0002). The prevalence of clinical features in those hips with abnormal morphology was also greater in the sibling group compared with the control group (41 of 109 sibling hips versus 7 of 46 control hips, relative risk 2.5, p = 0.007). In 11 sibling hips there was grade-2 osteoarthritis according to Kellgren and Lawrence versus none in the control group (p = 0.002).

Genetic influences are important in the aetiology of primary femoroacetabular impingement. This risk appears to be manifested through not only abnormal joint morphology, but also through other factors which may modulate progression of the disease.
Alternative pathways for absorption of iron from foods
Authors: Lönnerdal Bo
Published: February 2010

Iron is known to be absorbed from foods in two major forms, heme iron and non-heme iron. Iron status as well as dietary factors known to affect iron absorption has limited effect on heme iron absorption, whereas inhibitors and enhancers of iron absorption have pronounced effects on non-heme iron absorption. The enterocyte transporter for non-heme iron, DMT1, is strongly up-regulated during iron deficiency and down-regulated during iron overload. A transporter for heme iron, HCP1, was recently characterized and is present on the apical membrane of enterocytes. Two other pathways for iron absorption have been discovered and may serve to facilitate uptake of iron from two unique iron-binding proteins, lactoferrin and ferritin. Lactoferrin is an iron-binding protein in human milk and known to survive proteolytic digestion. It mediates iron uptake in breast-fed infants through endocytosis via a specific lactoferrin receptor (LfR). Recently, lactoferrin has become popular as a food additive and may enhance iron status in several age groups. Ferritin is present in meat, but also in plants. The ferritin content of plants can be enhanced by conventional breeding or genetic engineering, and thereby increase iron intake of populations consuming plant-based diets. Ferritin is a bioavailable source of iron, as shown in recent human studies. Ferritin can be taken up by intestinal cells via endocytosis, suggesting a receptor-mediated mechanism.
Secant dimensions of low-dimensional homogeneous varieties
Authors: Baur Karin , Draisma Jan
Published: February 2010

We completely describe the higher secant dimensions of all connected homogeneous projective varieties of dimension at most 3, in all possible equivariant embeddings. In particular, we calculate these dimensions for all Segre–Veronese embeddings of ℙ1 × ℙ1, ℙ1 × ℙ1 × ℙ1, and ℙ2 × ℙ1, as well as for the flag variety ℱ of incident point-line pairs in ℙ2. For ℙ2 × ℙ1 and ℱ the results are new, while the proofs for the other two varieties are more compact than existing proofs. Our main tool is the second author's tropical approach to secant dimensions.
O(p + 1) × O(q + 1)-invariant (r – 1)-minimal hypersurfaces in Euclidean space
Authors: Sousa Paulo
Published: February 2010

The aim of the paper is to present a classification of nonextendable immersed O(p+1) × O(q + 1)-invariant (r – 1)-minimal hypersurfaces in the Euclidean space , with p, q > 1 and 2 ≤ r ≤ 1 min{p, q}, by analyzing embeddedness as well as (r – 1)-stability. The case r = 1 and r = 2 were treated in [Alencar, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 337: 129–141, 1993] and [Sato, de Souza Neto, Ann. Global Anal. Geom. 29: 221–240, 2006], respectively. Generalizing the seminal work of Bombieri et al. we also present a (r – 1)-stable complete embedded hypersurface of with Hr
= 0 and O(p + 1) × O(q + 1)-invariant, where p + q ≥ r + 5, that is not homeomorphic to .
Is heparin plasma suitable for the determination of B-type natriuretic peptide on the Beckman-Coulter Access 2?
Authors: Santos Humberto , Cauliez Bruno , Tron Christophe , Brunel Valery , Lavoinne Alain
Published: February 2010

Background: The use of heparin as an alternative to EDTA in the production of plasma samples is of particular interest for B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) measurements. Lithium heparin is now widely used for the determination of biochemical parameters, including cardiac markers. The goal of this study was to determine the feasibility of measuring BNP using heparin plasma instead of EDTA plasma with the Access 2 system (Beckman-Coulter).

Methods: BNP was determined in heparin plasma and EDTA plasma from 24 patients within 1 h of blood collection. Additional measurements were performed with heparin plasma, every hour for the first 4 h, and then 8 h after the collection of blood that was stored at room temperature.

Results: At H0, the observed BNP concentrations in heparin plasma were much higher (mean values 65% higher) than those in EDTA plasma. Using predetermined thresholds, this difference would lead to 30% discordance between samples in heparin and EDTA. BNP stability decreased over time in heparin plasma: immunoreactivity decreased approximately by 30% during the first 2 h and by 60% after 8 h.

Conclusions: Heparin plasma does not seem to be a suitable alternative to EDTA plasma for measurement of BNP using the Access 2 system, even if measurements are performed immediately after blood sampling.

Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:399–401.
Association of the CD28/CTLA4/ICOS polymorphisms with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Kim Young Ock , Kim Hak Jae , Kim Su Kang , Chung Joo-Ho , Hong Seung-Jae
Published: February 2010

Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is currently thought to be an immune-mediated disease where the host's genes and environmental factors interact. Some of the immuno-regulatory genes that are responsible for an individual's susceptibility to RA have been identified. The co-stimulatory receptor gene cluster on chromosome 2q33 encodes for both the positive T-cell regulators CD28 molecule (CD28) and inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS), and the negative regulator cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4). TheCTLA4gene has been implicated in several immune-mediated diseases, but it is not known whether RA is associated with any of these genes.

Methods:We conducted single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping with direct sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism for 308 Korean patients with RA and 412 healthy control subjects. For the case-control analysis, SNPStats, SNPAnalyzer and Helixtree programs were used.

Results:Although none of the polymorphisms inCTLA4showed a significant association with RA, CD28 and ICOS showed a significant association with RA [rs2140148 in CD28, p=0.022, odds ratio (OR)=1.60, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.07–2.40 in the dominant model, rs6726035 in ICOS, p=0.032, OR=1.28, 95% CI=1.02–1.60 in the codominant model].

Conclusions:Our results suggest thatCD28andICOSgenes may be associated with a risk of RA in Koreans.

Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:345–53.
Assay of oxidized fibrinogen reactivity (OFR) as a biomarker of oxidative stress in human plasma: the role of lysine analogs
Authors: Selmeci László , Seres Leila , Székely Mária , Soós Pál , Acsády György
Published: February 2010

Background: There is accumulating evidence that fibrinogen is also a biomarker of oxidative stress in human plasma. Results of in vitro studies demonstrated that fibrinogen can bind to apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] component of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] through both lysine-sensitive and lysine-insensitive mechanisms. The goal of the present study was to investigate oxidized fibrinogen reactivity (OFR) as a biomarker of oxidative stress in human plasma in the presence and absence of lysine analogs.

Methods: Citrate anticoagulated peripheral venous blood samples were collected from 65 (36 M/29 F) consecutive patients with various peripheral vascular diseases. After centrifugation, the plasma was used promptly. Plasma OFR was determined in duplicate using a recently described kinetic photometric assay (358 nm, 37°C) in the presence and in the absence of lysine analogs.

Results: The inclusion of tranexemic acid (TRA) or ε-aminocaproic acid in the incubation medium resulted in a rapid increase in OFR in a dose-dependent manner. The peak effect was observed at a final concentration of 200 mmol/L TRA. OFR was significantly higher in patient plasma assayed in the presence of TRA compared with no TRA (163.1±73.5 vs. 63.4±20.7 U/L; p<0.0001). Bound OFR was also significantly higher than free OFR (99.7±56.3 vs. 63.4±20.7; p<0.001).

Conclusions: On the basis of the present results it appears that oxidized fibrinogen resides in plasma in two compartments: free and bound to apo(a) of Lp(a). The relatively simple and cost-effective kinetic approach applied in this study makes routine determination of OFR available as a biomarker of oxidative stress, separately in both compartments.

Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:379–82.
Performance evaluation of the Abbott RealTime HCV Genotype II for hepatitis C virus genotyping
Authors: Sohn Yong-Hak , Ko Sun-Young , Kim Myeong Hee , Oh Heung-Bum
Published: February 2010

Background:The Abbott RealTime hepatitis C virus (HCV) Genotype II (Abbott Molecular Inc.) for HCV genotyping, which uses real-time PCR technology, has recently been developed.

Methods:Accuracy and sensitivity of detection were assessed using the HCV RNA PHW202 performance panel (SeraCare Life Sciences). Consistency with restriction fragment mass polymorphism (RFMP) data, cross-reactivity with other viruses, and the ability to detect minor strains in mixtures of genotypes 1 and 2 were evaluated using clinical samples.

Results:All performance panel viruses were correctly genotyped at levels of >500 IU/mL. Results were 100% concordant with RFMP genotypic data (66/66). However, 5% (3/66) of the samples examined displayed probable genotypic cross reactivity. No cross reactivity with other viruses was evident. Minor strains in the mixtures were not effectively distinguished, even at quantities higher than the detection limit.

Conclusions:The Abbott RealTime HCV Genotype II assay was very accurate and yielded results consistent with RFMP data. Although the assay has the advantages of automation and short turnaround time, we suggest that further improvements are necessary before it is used routinely in clinical practice. Efforts are needed to decrease cross reactivity among genotypes and to improve the ability to detect minor genotypes in mixed infections.

Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:469–74.
A New Methodology for Predicting Fatigue Properties of Bearing Steels: From X-Ray Micro-Tomography and Ultrasonic Measurements to the Bearing Lives Distribution
Authors: Stienon Alexandre , Fazekas Arnaud , Buffiere Jean-Yves , Daguier Pascal , Merchi Ferhat , Vincent Alain
Published: February 2010

This work aims at developing a new methodology for predicting the distribution of fatigue lives of bearings versus steel microstructure, namely, concentration, morphology, and properties of residual inclusions in steel. On the experimental side, X-ray micro-tomography and high frequency ultrasonic testing are used to provide the required inclusion characteristics. A physically based model is used to compute the number of cycles to crack nucleation and crack propagation up to the surface. For the statistics predictions, the inclusions and/or stringers are distributed randomly in the bearing steel according to the concentration of stringers provided by ultrasonic data. The distributions of the fatigue lives predicted by the model are compared successfully to the experimental distributions determined by fatigue tests performed on flat washer machines. Finally, it is shown that the model is able to predict the influence of the orientation of stringers on the fatigue lives.
The crystal structures of K[NbCl6] · NbCl5 and NO[NbCl6] · NbCl5
Authors: Henke Henning , Mayer Peter
Published: February 2010

The NbCl5 adducts of M[NbCl6] · NbCl5 with M = K or NO are structurally related via their common super group Fmmm. K[NbCl6] · NbCl5 crys tallizes in the triclinic space group C-1 with a = 9.898(1), b = 9.443(1), c = 17.370(1) Å, α = 89.57(1), β = 108.49(1), γ = 90.54(1)° and Z = 4 at room temperature. For the mono clinic nitrosonium compound with space group C2/c X-ray diffraction data have been recorded at 173 K giving a = 9.530(1), b = 9.412(1), c = 33.38(1) Å, β = 92.68(1)° and Z = 8. Layers of NbCl5 dimers alternate with cation-centred double layers of the NbCl6
– ions, oriented parallel to the a–b plane. Com pared to the cubic perovskite SrTiO3, the NbCl6
– ‘octahedra’ of the K+ salt are uniformly rotated by 5° around the stack ing axis. On the contrary, the NO+ salt shows ‘antiferrorotative’ ordering by ±12° in alternate layers. Crystal symmetry and twinning laws reflect the structural differences, but the similarity between both structures prevails.
Aggressiveness of the Growl-Like Timbre: Acoustic Characteristics, Musical Implications, and Biomechanical Mechanisms
Authors: Tsai Chen-Gia , Wang Li-Ching , Wang Shwu-Fen , Shau Yio-Wha , Hsiao Tzu-Yu , Auhagen Wolfgang
Published: February 2010

THE TERM GROWL TYPICALLY REFERS TO LOW-PITCHED, rough sounds uttered by animals. Humans occasionally use growl-like voices to express excessive emotions. Acoustically characterized by loud dynamics and low values of the harmonic-to-noise ratio, growl-like sounds usually express anger and excitement associated with aggression. We propose a biomechanical model relating the aggressive characteristic of the growl-like timbre to the motor mechanisms underlying growl production in humans, highlighting how an abdominal muscle contraction enhances spine stability, which plays a critical role in physical attacks. This model was supported by the experimental data of activation of the deepest abdominal muscle during resting, singing, and growling. We found a significant positive correlation between the abdominal muscle activity associated with producing voice and the perceived aggressiveness intensity of voice. The cognition of growl-like sounds is discussed from the perspectives of biomechanics, evolutionary biology, and cognitive science.
De l’indissociabilité du langagier et du social [On the inseparability of the linguistic and the social]
Authors: Lahire Bernard
Published: February 2010

The institutional divide between sociology (and, more generally, all so-called social sciences: anthropology, history, political science, economics, etc.) on the one hand, and linguistics (and more broadly all sciences of symbolic production: semiotics, discourse analysis, aesthetical theories, literary theories, etc.) on the other hand, constitutes a major hurdle for the understanding of so-called social phenomena and of so-called linguistic phenomena (symbolic, aesthetic, discursive, etc.). Scholars in social sciences are indeed used to describing and analysing the reality of practices or behaviours, of strategies and individual or collective social trajectories, of institutions and groups, of forms of power and types of domination, or of configurations of interdependence relationships (from the more ‘micro’ to the more ‘macro’) while ignoring almost totally the linguistic dimension of these various aspects of social reality. Looking back to a set of diverse prior sociological works – on academic failure in primary school, on domestic writing practices, on processes of embodiment of mental and behavioural habits, on categories used to perceive and represent reality, or on symbolic power – the author endeavours to show what the analysis of social facts may gain, in complexity and accuracy, from the consideration of the language question.
Revisiting the Need for New Approaches to Social Class in Variationist Sociolinguistics
Authors: Mallinson Christine , Dodsworth Robin
Published: February 2010

To better account for patterns in language variation by social class and to conceptualise and analyse social class in new and refined ways, many sociolinguists have recommended looking to theoretical and methodological advancements in sociology and anthropology. We review a contemporary sociological approach to social class, formulated by Joan Acker (2000, 2006), and apply it to the study of linguistic variation in two U.S. communities. While Acker’s framework may advance sociolinguists’ understanding of the complexities of social class, the advantages of Acker’s model do not, as yet, clearly and readily translate to variationist sociolinguistics. We conclude that social class frameworks from sociology or other fields may require some calibrating to the goal of variationist sociolinguistics, which is not the study of social class itself, but rather the dynamics of language variation and change, of which social class plays an integral part.
Low temperature impact on photosynthetic parameters of coffee genotypes
Authors: Partelli Fábio Luiz , Vieira Henrique Duarte , Viana Alexandre Pio , Batista-Santos Paula , Rodrigues Ana Paula , Leitão António Eduardo , Ramalho José Cochicho
Published: February 2010

The objective of this work was to evaluate photoprotective mechanisms related to low positive temperatures in Coffea canephora (Conilon clones 02 and 153) and C. arabica ('Catucaí' IPR 102) genotypes, involved in cold temperature tolerance. To accomplish this, one-year-old plants were successively submitted to: temperature decrease of 0.5ºC day-1, from 25/20ºC to 13/8ºC; a three-day chilling cycle at 13/4ºC; and a recovery period of 14 days (25/20ºC). During the experiment, leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence and leaf photosynthetic pigment content were evaluated. Total activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and ribulose-5-phosphate kinase (Ru5PK) were quantified to measure the activity of photosynthesis key enzymes. All genotypes showed low temperature sensitivity, but displayed diverse cold impact and recovery capabilities regarding the photosynthetic-related parameters studied. Catucaí IPR 102 cultivar showed better ability to cope with cold stress than the Conilon clones, especially Conilon 02, and had full recovery of leaf gas exchange, fluorescence parameters, enzymatic activity, and higher contents of the photoprotective pigments zeaxanthin and lutein.
Selection strategies of segregant soybean populations for resistance to Asian rust
Authors: Ribeiro Aliny Simony , Toledo José Francisco Ferraz de , Ramalho Magno Antonio Patto
Published: February 2010

The objective of this work was to identify the best selection strategies for the more promising parental combinations to obtain lines with good resistance to soybean Asian rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi). Two experiments were carried out in the field during the 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 growing seasons, to determine the percentage of infected leaf area of individual plants of five parents and their segregant F2 and F3 populations. The data obtained indicates that additive genetic variance predominates in the control of soybean resistance to Asian rust, and that the year and time of assessment do not significantly influence the estimates of the genetic parameters obtained. The narrow-sense heritability (h²r) ranged from 23.12 to 55.83%, and indicates the possibility of successful selection of resistant individuals in the early generations of the breeding program. All the procedures used to select the most promising populations to generate superior inbred lines for resistance to P. pachyrhizi presented similar results and identified the BR01-18437 x BRS 232 population as the best for inbred line selection.
Resistência de plântulas de pepineiro a Colletotrichum lagenarium induzida por frações de extrato de Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Zanardo Nívea Maria Tonucci , Pascholati Sérgio Florentino , Fialho Maurício Batista
Published: February 2010

O objetivo deste trabalho foi purificar frações do extrato de Saccharomyces cerevisiae que induzam a resistência do pepineiro a Colletorichum lagenarium e determinar sua eficiência na proteção de plântulas, em casa de vegetação. A suspensão de células da levedura, seus extratos brutos aquosos autoclavados por 4 e 10 horas, duas frações (sobrenadante e precipitado) resultantes da precipitação etanólica do extrato bruto (4 horas) e as frações do sobrenadante identificadas na cromatografia de troca aniônica foram aplicados a cotilédones de plântulas de pepino. A suspensão de células de levedura não apresentou controle significativo da doença. Os extratos brutos autoclavados reduziram a severidade da antracnose entre 82 a 86% e as frações resultantes da precipitação etanólica em 98%. As frações do sobrenadante não ligadas à resina DEAE-celulose (pico I da cromatografia) ou ligadas à resina (pico II) - constituídas principalmente por carboidratos - foram as mais efetivas na indução de resistência nas plântulas e reduziram a severidade da antracnose em 81 e 72%, respectivamente. A autoclavagem de extratos brutos aquosos de S. cerevisiae é necessária para a extração de moléculas eliciadoras da resistência a C. lagenarium, em cotilédones de pepineiro.
Características do pasto e desempenho de novilhas em sistema silvipastoril e pastagem de braquiária em monocultivo
Authors: Paciullo Domingos Sávio Campos , Lopes Fernando César Ferraz , Malaquias Junior João Darós , Viana Filho Antônio , Rodriguez Norberto Mario , Morenz Mirton José Frota , Aroeira Luiz Januário Magalhães
Published: February 2010

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características do pasto e o desempenho de novilhas oriundas do cruzamento Holandês x Zebu, em sistema silvipastoril (SSP) e em monocultivo de braquiária (Urochloa decumbens). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com dois tratamentos: em monocultivo de braquiária; e o SSP, que apresentava faixas de braquiária consorciada com Stylosanthes guianensis, alternadas com faixas arborizadas. Os piquetes foram manejados sob lotação rotacionada, com 7 dias de ocupação e 35 e 49 dias de descanso, nas épocas chuvosa e seca, respectivamente. As características do pasto, o consumo e o ganho de peso não variaram com o sistema; porém, devido às reduções na quantidade e no valor nutritivo da forragem, apresentaram valores maiores na época chuvosa do que na época seca, respectivamente: massa de forragem pré-pastejo, 1.525 e 964 kg ha-1; teores de proteína bruta na gramínea, 9,3 e 8,2%; digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca, 56,1 e 50,3%; consumo de matéria seca, 2,3 e 1,6% do peso vivo; ganho de peso de 625 e 242 g por dia por novilha. O sombreamento moderado no SSP não interferiu nas características do pasto, nem no consumo de forragem, nem no desempenho de novilhas leiteiras, quando comparado aos valores obtidos na pastagem de braquiária em monocultivo.
Eficiências biológica e econômica de bovinos em terminação alimentados com dieta suplementar em pastagem de capim-marandu
Authors: Euclides Valéria Pacheco Batista , Raffi Alexandre Scaff , Costa Fernando Paim , Euclides Filho Kepler , Figueiredo Geraldo Ramos , Costa Jean Amorim Ribeiro
Published: February 2010

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as eficiências biológica e econômica de novilhos em terminação, em pastagem, que receberam suplementação durante o período seco. Trinta novilhos ½ Braford ¼ Angus ¼/ Nelore, separados em dois lotes com pesos corporais médios (PC) de 365 e 410 kg, foram distribuídos em seis piquetes de capim-marandu, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos e dez repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelos suplementos: sal-amireia; 0,6 e 1% do PC de concentrado. A cada 28 dias, os animais foram pesados, e a cobertura de gordura foi avaliada. Mensalmente, todos os piquetes foram amostrados para determinação da massa de forragem dos componentes morfológicos e do valor nutritivo. Os animais com suplementação de 1% do PC de concentrado ganharam mais peso do que aqueles com 0,6% do PC, e estes últimos mais do que aqueles que receberam sal-amireia. Consequentemente, houve relação inversa entre a dose de suplementação e o tempo necessário para os animais atingirem o ponto de acabamento. Independentemente do tratamento, os animais mais leves apresentaram margens líquidas superiores. Para os dois lotes, a maior margem líquida esteve associada à suplementação apenas com sal-amireia.
Atividade da peroxidase durante o período hibernal de plantas de pessegueiro (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.) cv. jubileu com e sem sintomas da morte precoce
Authors: Marafon Anderson Carlos , Herter Flávio Gilberto , Bacarin Marcos Antonio , Hawerroth Fernando José
Published: February 2010

A morte precoce do pessegueiro (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) é uma síndrome caracterizada por um colapso da planta durante a floração ou no início da brotação, após drástica redução da temperatura. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar a atividade da peroxidase (UE min-1 g-1 MF) durante o período hibernal, em gemas e ramos de plantas de pessegueiro cv. Jubileu, com e sem sintomas de morte precoce. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos separadamente, um para cada tipo de tecido, em dois pomares próximos, ambos com quatro anos de implantação, situados na região colonial de Pelotas - RS, nas localidades de Santa Helena e Cascata. As amostras foram constituídas por dois tipos de tecidos (gemas e ramos) e foram coletadas em quatro datas (11-06, 11-07, 29-07 e 05-08) durante o inverno de 2003. As determinações da atividade da peroxidase nos tecidos foram realizadas no Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal da Embrapa Clima Temperado. As plantas com sintomas de morte precoce apresentaram, durante a dormência, maior atividade da peroxidase nos dois tipos de tecidos, quando comparadas com as plantas sem sintomas da síndrome. Provavelmente, o desencadeamento da síndrome provoca alterações na dormência das plantas afetadas, que resultam na antecipação da retomada do crescimento das gemas e na exposição dos tecidos recém-formados aos danos causados pelas baixas temperaturas. Os níveis populacionais donematoide-anelado (Mesocriconema xenoplax) e dos nematoides do gênero Helicotylenchus sp. foram superiores nas amostras de solo coletadas na rizosfera das plantas com sintomas de morte precoce do que os verificados nas amostras coletadas das plantas sem sintomas da síndrome, resultando também na maior atividade da peroxidase em ambos os tecidos (gemas e ramos), durante o período hibernal das plantas afetadas.
Custo de produção de amora-preta em região tropical
Authors: Attilio Lísia Borges , Boliani Aparecida Conceição , Tarsitano Maria Aparecida Anselmo
Published: February 2010

O cultivo da amora-preta é recente no Brasil. A espécie apresenta elevada adaptabilidade, baixa exigência em frio, facilidade de manejo, rusticidade e pouca utilização de defensivos agrícolas. É uma fruta que vem despertando elevada atenção dos consumidores devido à presença de compostos fenólicos com propriedades antioxidantes. Com este trabalho, objetivou-se analisar o custo de produção do cultivo da amora-preta, em primeiro ano de produção. Para estimar a matriz de coeficientes técnicos e os custos de produção, em 2007, os preços de venda foram levantados junto a um produtor, e o restante das informações foi obtido de um experimento. De acordo com os dados e os cálculos de custos, a primeira produção da cultura foi de 3.000 kg.ha-1, com custo de implantação e condução, no primeiro ano, de R$ 8.710,63, e no segundo ano, apresentou custo de R$ 6.467,50. o custo de produção foi relativamente baixo comparado com outras frutíferas perenes cultivadas na região, evidenciando que esta atividade pode ser mais uma alternativa de renda para agricultura familiar.
Clonagem do camu-camu arbustivo em porta-enxertos de camu-camu arbustivo e arbóreo
Authors: Moreira Filho Mario , Ferreira Sidney Alberto do Nascimento
Published: February 2010

O camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia (H.B.K.) McVaugh), espécie frutífera nativa da Amazônia, de porte arbustivo, é propagado, normalmente, por sementes, ocasionando grande variação na entrada em frutificação e no ciclo de produção, bem como no teor de ácido ascórbico (vitamina C) dos frutos. outra espécie de camu-camu, M. floribunda (West ex Willd.) o. Berg, de porte arbóreo, ocorre em menor densidade na região amazônica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de diferentes métodos de enxertia e a compatibilidade interespecífica entre camu-camu arbustivo e camu-camu arbóreo na fase de formação de mudas de M. dubia. o ensaio foi desenvolvido no período de março a agosto de 2008, no Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, em Manaus-AM, com delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4 (métodos de enxertia) x 2 (espécies de porta-enxerto), com quatro repetições. M. dubia, como porta-enxerto, apresentou melhor percentual de pegamento de enxertos (78,4%), comparada a M. floribunda (49,3%). os melhores resultados na clonagem de M. dubia foram obtidos pelos métodos de garfagem, em que a parte aérea do porta-enxerto foi removida após 30 dias da enxertia: fenda lateral (89,3%) e lateral com lingueta (79,3%). o menor resultado foi obtido nos métodos de garfagem, em que a parte aérea do porta-enxerto foi removida na ocasião da enxertia: topo em fenda cheia (51,6%) e inglês complicado (31,5%).
Laparoscopia no implante do catéter de diálise peritoneal ambulatorial (CAPD)
Authors: Nascimento Telma Araújo Dias , Silva Roberto Carlos de Oliveira e , Almeida José Abílio de , Bez Leonardo Ghizoni
Published: February 2010

Os autores apresentaram sua experiência com o posicionamento do catéter de diálise peritoneal ambulatorial utilizando a laparoscopia como via de acesso. Este trabalho tem por finalidade demonstrar os resultados obtidos com o procedimento, enfatizando a técnica cirúrgica e as vantagens em relação à abordagem convencional. Foram operados 51 paciente portadores de insuficiência renal crônica (IRC), que necessitavam de terapia dialítica. A faixa etária oscilou de 12 a 82 anos, sendo 19 pacientes do sexo masculino (37,3%) e trinta do sexo feminino (62,7%). O procedimento cirúrgico constou de implante do catéter em 44 pacientes, reimplante em três e retirada com reimplante em outros quatro. A avaliação pós-operatória demonstrou funcionamento satisfatório do catéter em 92,2% dos pacientes, sendo evidenciadas complicações relacionadas ao procedimento em três casos (5,9%). Nenhum paciente evoluiu para óbito em nossa casuística.
Cisto multilocular renal
Authors: Gabriel Ennio , Trigueiro Wilberto , Medeiros Dailton , Costa Filho Vamberto , Barbosa Sandra Bonfim Silva , Trigueiro Alexandre Aranha
Published: February 2010

O cisto multilocular renal é uma tumoração rara, de etiopatogenia discutida, que apresenta um aspecto macroscópico característico (parecendo favos de mel) mas histologia variável, o que ocasionou uma vasta sinonímia para esta afecção. Com os modernos métodos de diagnóstico por imagem, estes tumores podem ser suspeitados no pré-operatório, mas antes eram rotulados como provável nefroblastoma (Tumor de Wilms). Os autores descrevem as características de cinco casos observados nos Serviços de Cirurgia Pediátrica dos Hospitais Getúlio Vargas e da Lagoa, do Rio de Janeiro, e no Hospital Universitário de João Pessoa (Paraíba). Em todos, o sintoma predominante era uma massa abdominal, mas em um havia também hipertensão arterial. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a nefrectomia e tiveram boa evolução pós-operatória. Apesar de pouco freqüente, o cisto multilocular renal deve ser lembrado no diagnóstico de qualquer massa renal em crianças, especialmente naquelas com menos de dois anos de idade, devido ao prognóstico favorável em comparação com o do tumor de Wilms. No adulto, o diagnóstico diferencial é feito principalmente com o adenocarcinoma cístico.
Efeito da secção hepática parcial e omentoplastia na regeneração hepática de cão
Authors: Petroianu Andy , Trapiello Neto Vidal , Esquerdo Carlos Roberto Messeder , Nishimoto Ricardo Hissachi , Barbosa Alfredo José Afonso
Published: February 2010

O tratamento e a morbimortalidade dos pacientes com traumatismo hepático dependem do mecanismo da lesão e da conduta terapêutica, que inclui acompanhamento clínico, hepatorrafia, omentoplastia e próteses. O presente trabalho avaliou a recuperação hepática em presença de omentoplastia após lesão cortante do fígado de cão. Foram utilizados 15 cães machos, mestiços, com peso variando entre 7kg e 12kg, anestesiados com pentabarbitúrico endovenoso e submetidos a corte longitudinal no lobo esquerdo, medindo 2,5cm de profundidade e 8cm de comprimento. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos (n=5): I- sem sutura (controle); II- sutura hepática apenas; III- sutura hepática com omentoplastia. O fio utilizado foi o categute cromado 4-0. Todos os animais do grupo I morreram no pós-operatório imediato, enquanto os cães dos grupos II e III suportaram bem os 28 dias de acompanhamento. À relaparotomia dos grupos II e III, encontraram-se múltiplas aderências ao fígado, que apresentou aspecto normal. No grupo III, o omento introduzido no ferimento hepático havia sido expulso e estava apenas aderido à cápsula do fígado macroscopicamente normal. À microscopia houve descontinuidade vascular e biliar entre os segmentos proximal e distal à hepatotomia. Os fenômenos cicatriciais foram mais exuberantes no grupo III, no qual se encontraram pequenas áreas do parênquima contendo fragmentos de omento. Concluindo, a omentoplastia facilitou o procedimento de reparo hepático, que, entretanto, não restabeleceu a contigüidade de vasos e ductos biliares.