bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical study of the formation of large, astronomically relevant PAH-organic molecule clusters
Authors: Yang Yuanyuan , Hu Xiaoyi , Zhang Congcong , Chen Yang , Zhen Junfeng , Qin Liping
Published: May 2022

Context. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules play an essential role in the prebiotic compound evolution network in the interstellar medium (ISM). A recent experimental study revealed that large, astronomically relevant PAH-organic molecule clusters are gradually formed through the ion-molecule collision reaction pathway in the presence of a strong radiation field.

Aims. We present a theoretical survey for the formation processes of PAH-organic molecule clusters (e.g., such as the graphene carbon cluster (C48) organic molecule (Pyroglutaminol, pgn, C5H9NO2) cluster cations, (pgn)nC48+, n = [1,6]), to illustrate the building block mechanism for the formation of large prebiotic compounds.

Methods. To investigate the stability and the building block formation mechanisms of PAH-organic molecule clusters in the ion-molecule collision reaction process, we carried out theoretical calculations with DFT, including the hybrid density functional B3LYP, as implemented in the Gaussian 16 program. The basis set of the 6-311++G** and 6-31+G** was selected and used for different cluster systems.

Results. We investigated the structure of newly formed species and the energy for these reaction pathways. The ion-molecule reaction between ((C5H9NO2)nC48+, n = [0,5]) with C5H9NO2 readily occur, resulting in a very large number of reaction pathways and very complex newly formed molecular clusters. An expanded tree (in building block pathways) shows the trunk and branches of these various formation pathways. These clusters (e.g., the graphene carbon cluster and its organic molecules) provide a possible formation and chemical-evolution route for the large complex prebiotic compounds in bottom-up and energy allowed processes in the ISM.

Conclusions. The gas-phase reactions between large PAH species and organic molecules occur relatively easily, resulting in a very large number of reaction pathways and very complex newly formed molecular clusters. These PAH-organic molecule clusters will lead to large organic molecules, which may contain some of the critical molecular configurations that can characterize living material.
Non-LTE modelling of the HC2NC and HNC3abundance in astrophysical environments
Authors: Bop C. T. , Desrousseaux B. , Lique F.
Published: May 2022

The isomers of HC3N, namely HC2NC and HNC3, are widely observed in the interstellar medium and in circumstellar envelopes. Their abundance has been determined under the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) conditions or non-LTE radiative transfer models, but in considering the collisional excitation of HC3N as the same for all isomers. Chemical models for the prototypical cold cores, TMC-1 and L1544, reproduced the abundance of HC3N fairly well, but they tend to overestimate the abundances of HC2NC and HNC3with respect to the observations. It is therefore worth revisiting the interpretation of the observational spectra of these isomers using a rigorous non-LTE modelling. The abundance of HC2NC and HNC3were then determined using non-LTE radiative transfer calculations based on the proper rate coefficients for the first time in this work. Modelling the brightness temperature of HC2NC and HNC3when using their proper collision rate coefficients shows that models based on LTE or non-LTE with approximate collision data may lead to deviations of up to a factor of ~1.5. Reinterpreting the observational spectra led us to significant differences relative to the observed abundances previously determined. Our findings suggest quite similar abundance ratios for the TMC-1 and L1544 cold cores as well as the L483 protostar. This work will encourage further modelling with more robust non-LTE radiative transfer calculations and future studies to revisit the chemistry of HC3N and its isomers in cold molecular clouds.
Study on the control of inclusions in Al-deoxidized steel during LF-RH refining and the influence of calcium treatment in ladle furnace
Authors: Hou Zewang , Jiang Min , Wang Kun-Peng , Xu Jianfei , Wang Ying , Wang Xinhua
Published: May 2022

In this paper, evolution of inclusions in an Al deoxidized specialty steel with basic slag refining in the LF-RH process were studied, taking into account of the influence of calcium treatment in the ladle furnace. It was found that inclusions would be modified from alumina into spinel then mainly into solid calcium magnesia aluminates after LF refining, and finally into calcium aluminates at the end of RH refining, irrespective of calcium treatment. When calcium treatment was carried out in the ladle furnace, solid calcium magnesia aluminates largely produced in the LF refining would be mostly modified into liquid calcium aluminates during the afterwards RH refining. By comparison, without calcium treatment, solid and liquid calcium aluminates were both formed in the RH refining. Importantly, when calcium treatment was used, big calcium aluminates as large as 40–50 μm were more frequently observed in steel and with a number density about 0.09–0.015 /mm2, which were bad to fatigue resistance.
Formulation, Characterization, and the Diuretic Effects of a New
Intravenous Metolazone Emulsion
Authors: Ahlschwede Kristen M. , Ofori Edward , Andey Terrick , Osei Anita , Somberg John S
Published: May 2022

Objective Acute decompensated heart failure is often treated with a
combination of loop and thiazide-like diuretics. Of these thiazide-like
diuretics, two common choices are intravenous chlorothiazide or oral metolazone.
Metolazone is more potent and has a longer duration of action, but since it is
an oral formulation, it has a longer on-set time as compared to chlorothiazide.
In addition, metolazone is poorly water-soluble, thereby rendering intravenous
formulation more challenging. To address these issues, we proposed the
formulation of a solvent-free metolazone emulsion for intravenous
administration.

Methods An oil-in-water emulsion containing 1 mg/mL of
metolazone was formulated by homogenizing soybean oil and l-lecithin in
water in the presence of optimized concentrations of glycerin with tween 80 or
poloxamer 188 as surfactant. The emulsion was characterized on the basis of
particle size, zeta potential, morphology and metolazone release kinetics. The
diuretic effect of the metolazone emulsion was evaluated in rats.

Results The 1 mg/mL metolazone emulsion prepared with
5% tween 80 displayed the best physical stability. The emulsion
exhibited a hydrodynamic diameter of 157.13±1.52 nm. About
93% of metolazone was released from the formulation within 2 h.
The 2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg dose of the metolazone
emulsion increased urine output in the rats by 68.9 and 134%,
respectively, as compared to control rats. Furthermore, the
4 mg/kg dose exhibited a 168.8%, 25.8%, and
150.9% increase in sodium, potassium, and chloride, respectively.

Conclusion This metolazone emulsion was capable of increasing urine volume
output and demonstrated both natriuretic and kaliuretic properties.
Resolution and Re-ossification of Orbital-Wall Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Following Stereotactic Needle Biopsy
Authors: Broaddus William C. , Somasundaram Aravind , Carr Matthew T. , Opalak Charles F. , Richard Hope T. , Wolber Sharon B. , Sangiray Hayri E.
Published: May 2022

Introduction Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease that encompasses a spectrum of clinical syndromes. It is characterized by the proliferation and infiltration of white blood cells into organs or organ systems. Reports of management of these lesions have included biopsy, resection, curettage, radiation, and/or chemotherapy.

Case Presentation A 40-year-old man presented with a history of right proptosis and retro-orbital pain and was found to have a lytic mass involving the greater wing of the sphenoid extending into the right orbit. A stereotactic needle biopsy using neuronavigation demonstrated this to be LCH. After no further treatment, the mass spontaneously resolved, with virtual normalization of the orbital magnetic resonance imaging at 10 months following the needle biopsy. The bony defect of the temporal bone caused by the mass also re-ossified following the needle biopsy.

Discussion This report highlights the potential for an isolated LCH lesion to regress after simple needle biopsy, an outcome only rarely reported previously. Thus, expectant management of such lesions following biopsy or initial debridement should be considered prior to proceeding with additional treatment.
Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Aryl Ketones from Carboxylic Acids and Arylboronic Acids Using 2-Chloroimidazolium Chloride as a Coupling Reagent
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wang Yuan-Hua , Wang Qi-Wei , Zheng Wei-Xiang , Zhong Jing , Yang Yi-Ting , Luobu Meluze
Published: May 2022

Carboxylic acids are an abundant and structurally diverse class of commercially available materials, which are commonly used as stable reagents in organic synthesis. The Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction directly using carboxylic acid as a substrate has been rarely reported. Here, we report an efficient coupling reaction of carboxylic acids with arylboronic acids in toluene in the presence of IPrCl-Cl, Pd(OAc)2, PPh3, and K3PO4·7H2O at 90 °C to give the corresponding aryl ketones.
Expanding the Library of 2-Phenylbenzotellurazoles: Red-Shifting Effect­ of Ethoxy Functionalities on the UV/Vis Absorption Properties
Authors: Romito Deborah , Amendolare Leonardo , Bonifazi Davide , Kalathil Krishnan K.
Published: May 2022

This work describes the high-yield synthesis of a novel series of benzotellurazoles bearing a phenyl ring in 2-position, which is differently functionalized with ethoxy chains. Changing the number and the position of these functional groups determines differences in the self-assembly in the solid state, as well as in the photophysical properties of the targeted molecules. As anticipated by theoretical calculations of the HOMO-LUMO gap of each molecule, the presence of ethoxy chains in o- and p-positions determines up to 20 nm red-shifts in the absorption peaks, when compared to unsubstituted benzotellurazole. Similarly, more significant changes are observed in the chemical shifts of 125Te NMR spectra for those derivatives bearing o- and p-ethoxy functionalization.
Transformations of Main-Group Organometallics Induced by Transition Metals
Authors: Hirao Toshikazu , Amaya Toru
Published: May 2022

The oxidative dehydrometallation of silyl or boron enolates is induced by palladium(II) catalyst to result in the versatile introduction of α,β-unsaturated carbon–carbon double bonds via palladium enolates. Selective oxidative cross- and homo-coupling reactions of silyl or boron enolates induced by vanadium(V) oxidant provide a selective synthetic method for accessing 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds in a nucleo­phile-nucleophile coupling mode. The ligand coupling reaction of main-group organometallic compounds induced by vanadium(V) oxi­dant provides a unique method for intramolecular carbon–carbon bond formation of nucleophiles. The last two reactions are a complementary strategy for the nucleophile-electrophile coupling reaction. The dehydrometallation and coupling reactions probably proceed through two- and one-electron oxidation processes, respectively.

1 Introduction

2 Palladium-Catalyzed Dehydrometallation

3 Homo- and Cross-Coupling of Main-Group Organometallic Compounds

4 Oxidative Ligand Coupling of Main-Group Organometallic Compounds

5 Conclusion
Predicting the Risk of Postoperative Complications of Schwannoma Surgery: Development and Assessment of a New Predictive Nomogram
Authors: Lin Yutian , Li Peifeng , Chen Xiangxiang , Zhu Junyi , Lu Yingfeng , Yu Fangzheng , Xiao Jian , Wang Jian
Published: May 2022

Background The aim of this study was to develop and internally validate a risk nomogram for postoperative complications of schwannoma surgery.

Methods From 2016 to 2020, we reviewed 83 patients who underwent schwannoma resection with a total number of 85 schwannomas. A predictive model was developed based on the dataset of this group. During model construction, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to determine the independent predictors of postoperative complications. Assessment of the discriminative function, calibrating proficiency, and clinical usefulness of the predicting model was performed using C-index, calibration plot, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and decision curve analysis. Internal validation was assessed using bootstrapping validation.

Results Predictors contained in the prediction nomogram included age, tumor location, symptoms, and surgical approach. The model displayed satisfying abilities of discrimination and calibration, with a C-index of 0.901 (95% confidence [CI]: 0.837–0.965). A high C-index value of 0.853 was achieved in the interval verification. Decision curve analysis showed that the nomogram was clinically useful when intervention was decided at the complication possibility threshold of 2%.

Conclusion This new risk nomogram for postoperative complications of schwannoma surgery has taken age, tumor location, symptoms, and surgical approach into account. It has reasonable predictive accuracy and can be conveniently used. It shall help patients understand the risk of postoperative complications before surgery, and offer guidance to surgeons in deciding on the surgical approach.
Advances in ligand-to-metal charge transfer catalyze a new field
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: May 2022

While the ligand-to-metal charge transfer process is a well-established light absorption pathway, its reverse process is more commonly used. Recent work may change that.
A method for improving the betavoltaic cell’s conversion efficiency: Using the alloy as Schottky metal
Authors: Wang Yu , Lu Jingbin , Zheng Renzhou , Li Xiaoyi , Liu Yumin , Zhang Xue , Zhang Yuehui , Chen Ziyi
Published: May 2022

Under the irradiation of a 63Ni source, the Al/diamond Schottky barrier diode and 2198 Al–Li alloy/diamond Schottky barrier diode can convert decay energy into electrical energy. Through the Monte Carlo method, the energy depositions of the 63Ni source in the energy converters are simulated separately. And then the electrical output properties of two betavoltaic batteries are calculated and compared. The short-circuit current density, open-circuit voltage, fill factor and maximum output power density of the Al/diamond and 2198 Al–Li alloy/diamond Schottky barrier batteries are 0.086 μA/cm2, 2.14 V, 0.93, 0.17 μW/cm2 and 0.089 μA/cm2, 2.66 V, 0.95, 0.22 μW/cm2, respectively. The maximum output power increased by about 29%, which indicates that using alloy as Schottky metal can significantly improve the output performance of a betavoltaic battery.
Surface transfer doping of MoO3 on hydrogen terminated diamond with an Al2O3 interfacial layer
Authors: Yang Yu , Koeck Franz A. , Wang Xingye , Nemanich Robert J.
Published: May 2022

A thin layer of Al2O3 was employed as an interfacial layer between surface conductive hydrogen-terminated (H-terminated) diamond and MoO3 to increase the distance between the hole accumulation layer in diamond and negatively charged states in the acceptor layer and, thus, reduce the Coulomb scattering and increase the hole mobility. The valence band offsets are found to be 2.7 and 3.1 eV for Al2O3/H-terminated diamond and MoO3/H-terminated diamond, respectively. Compared to the MoO3/H-terminated diamond structure, a higher hole mobility was achieved with Al2O3 inserted as an interface layer. This work provides a strategy to achieve increased hole mobility of surface conductive diamond by using optimal interlayer along with high high electron affinity surface acceptor materials.
Enhancing the thermoelectric performance of Ag2Se by non-stoichiometric defects
Authors: Wang Ping , Chen Jun-Liang , Zhou Qi , Liao Yun Tiao , Peng Ying , Liang Ji Sheng , Miao Lei
Published: May 2022

Ag2Se is an attractive candidate for room temperature thermoelectric applications because of its extremely low thermal conductivity, large power factor, and excellent mechanical properties. However, its performance is difficult to be improved effectively by doping other atoms. The traditional synthesis processes have the disadvantages of low yield, complex steps, and long period. In this study, the Ag2Se1+x samples were rapidly synthesized by the melting method via changing the ratio of Ag and Se. The carrier concentration and mobility of Ag2Se are optimized by adding excess Se, which could regulate non-stoichiometric defects in the process of synthesis. A high Seebeck coefficient of ∼136.0 μV K−1, a large power factor of ∼3000.0 μW m−1 K−2, and the maximum figure of merit (ZT) of ∼1.02 of the Ag2Se1.015 sample have been achieved at 375 K. The ZT value is 2.3 times than that of the pristine sample (Ag2Se). The mechanical properties of the molting sample are comparable to state-of-the-art thermoelectric materials. Finally, the highest ZT value of the material is predicted by factor B. This work provides an idea for further optimizing Ag2Se-based and other non-stoichiometric thermoelectric semiconductors by a slight excess of Se. Moreover, the fast synthesis technology can significantly save time and energy, which manifests great advantages to the wholesale manufacturing industry.
Factors that control stability, variability, and reliability issues of endurance cycle in ReRAM devices: A phase field study
Authors: Roy Arijit , Cho Min-Gyu , Cha Pil-Ryung
Published: May 2022

The morphological evolution of the conducting filament (CF) predominantly controls the electric response of the resistive random access memory (ReRAM) devices. However, the parameters—in terms of the material and the processing—which control the growth of such CF are plenty. Extending the phase field technique for ReRAM systems presented by Roy and Cha [J. Appl. Phys. 128, 205102 (2020)], we could successfully model the complete SET (to attain low resistance state) and RESET (to attain high resistance state) processes due to the application of sweeping voltage. The key parameters that influence the stability of the multi-cycle I-V response or the endurance behavior are identified. The computational findings of the presented model ReRAM system are practical in correlating the multi-parametric influence with the stability, variability, and reliability of the endurance cycle that affect the device performance and also lead to the device failure. We believe that our computational approach of connecting the morphological changes of the CF with the electrical response has the potential to further understand and optimize the performance of the ReRAM devices.
A multiscale time-Laplace method to extract relaxation times from non-stationary dynamic light scattering signals
Authors: Liénard François. , Freyssingeas Éric. , Borgnat Pierre.
Published: May 2022

Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) is a well-known technique to study the relaxation times of systems at equilibrium. In many soft matter systems, we actually have to consider non-equilibrium or non-stationary situations. We discuss here the principles, the signal processing techniques we developed, based on regularized inverse Laplace transform, sliding with time, and the light scattering signal acquisition, which enable us to use DLS experiments in this general situation. In this article, we show how to obtain such a time-Laplace analysis. We claim that this method can be adapted to numerous DLS experiments dealing with non-equilibrium systems so as to extract the non-stationary distribution of relaxation times. To prove that, we test this time-Laplace method on three different non-equilibrium processes or systems investigated by means of the DLS technique: the cooling kinetics of a colloidal particle solution, the sol–gel transition and the internal dynamics of a living cell nucleus.
Spin–orbit torque driven nano-oscillators based on synthetic Néel-like skyrmion in magnetic tunnel junction
Authors: Choi Byoung , Aryal Mukesh , Choi Minyeong , Hong Yang-Ki
Published: May 2022

A synthetic skyrmion-based magnetic tunnel junction spintronic nano-oscillator is proposed. The oscillator consists of a Pt/Co/AlOx/Co heterostructure. It exploits the high-frequency eigenoscillations of a synthetic chiral nanomagnet, which is imprinted in the Pt/Co layer by the local manipulation of the magnetic anisotropy and interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction. This synthetic nanomagnet has the spin texture equivalent to the Néel skyrmion, and its topological stabilization remains resilient with respect to the thermal fluctuations at finite temperatures. The oscillator is activated by spin Hall effect-induced spin–orbit torques, and an eigenoscillation with a frequency of ∼2.5 GHz is achieved. When the drive current exceeds a threshold value, the eigenfrequency shifts toward lower frequencies. This redshift is associated with the transition of skyrmion dynamics, in which its eigenmode evolves from the counter-clockwise rotation mode to a complex hybrid mode. Our result verifies the working performance of the proposed synthetic skyrmion-based oscillator and suggests promising prospects for using such artificial nanomagnets in future spintronic applications. It is also found that the synthetic skyrmions are topologically protected from annihilation under high drive currents and finite temperatures, and this resilience, thus, offers new opportunities to better design next generation skyrmion-based spintronic devices.
Optimization of optical spin readout of the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond based on spin relaxation model
Authors: Nakamura Yuki , Watanabe Hideyuki , Sumiya Hitoshi , Itoh Kohei M. , Sasaki Kento , Ishi-Hayase Junko , Kobayashi Kensuke
Published: May 2022

For quantum sensing, it is vital to develop an efficient technique for determining the quantum state of the sensor. We optimize the weighting of the photoluminescence intensity for readout of the spin state of the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond. We find that adopting a physical model that considers the optical transitions and relaxations of the NV center allows for an efficient readout. Our method improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the readout by 5.4% in a short time of 3 s, while the existing methods typically require 1 min of integration time. We also show that our technique enhances the readout of the nuclear spin memory. The demonstrated way is helpful for a wide range of measurements, from a few minutes to several days.
Thin-film temperature sensors based on LPD-fabricated β-Ga2O3 Schottky diodes
Authors: Paul Sanjoy , Chen Tai-Siang , Houng Mau-Phon , Li Jian V.
Published: May 2022

We report the synthesis of wide-bandgap β-Ga2O3 nanocrystalline thin films via the low-cost and non-vacuum-based liquid phase deposition (LPD) method. The morphological evolution of the nanocrystalline β-Ga2O3 grains was investigated as a function of the growth temperature, processing time, and pH value of the precursor solution. We successfully calcined gallium oxide hydroxide GaO(OH) through a 3-h annealing process at 800 °C to convert it into β-Ga2O3. We fabricated horizontal-structured Ni/β-Ga2O3 Schottky diodes and investigated the electrical characteristics pertinent to sensing temperature in the range of 100−800 K. The temperature sensitivity of the Ni/β-Ga2O3 Schottky-junction temperature sensors, defined as the temperature dependence of junction voltage at a fixed bias current of 10 µA, peaked at −2.924 mV/K in the range between 300 and 500 K. At room temperature, we measured a barrier height of 0.915 eV and a Richardson constant of 43.04 ± 0.01 A/cm2 K2 from the Ni/β-Ga2O3 Schottky junctions. These results indicate that the LPD-synthesized β-Ga2O3 material and devices hold promising potential for sensing applications especially at high temperatures.
Parity-breaking parametric decay instability of kinetic Alfvén waves in a nonuniform plasma
Authors: Chen Liu , Qiu Zhiyong , Zonca Fulvio
Published: May 2022

We demonstrate that in a nonuniform plasma, the parametric decay instabilities of kinetic Alfvén waves could be quantitatively and qualitatively different from that in a uniform plasma. Specifically, the decay rate via ion Compton scattering is found to be enhanced, typically, by an order of magnitude. Furthermore, the parity of the decay kinetic Alfvén wave spectrum is broken, leading to finite net wave momentum transfer and, consequently, significant convective plasma transport with implications for confinement improvement. That localized absolutely unstable eigenmodes may be excited by a mode-converted pump wave is also presented.
Ultrasparse and omnidirectional acoustic ventilated meta-barrier
Authors: He Jiajie , Zhou Zhiling , Zhang Chuanxin , Zheng Yan , Li Ying , Li Yong , Jiang Xue , Ta Dean
Published: May 2022

Sound barriers, aiming to block the noise propagation, have attracted substantial interest in diverse scenarios such as architectural design, transportation development, and aircraft/automotive engineering. However, conventional sound-proofing barriers in the bulky configuration simultaneously impede the free airflow, which is highly required in the applications calling for ventilation. Although the advances in acoustic metamaterials have opened new routes for designing air-permeable barriers, a well-ventilated and omnidirectional sound barrier with deep-subwavelength thickness remains challenging. Here, we theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate an ultrasparse, ultrathin, and ultralight acoustic ventilated meta-barrier that is highly prohibitive to omnidirectional sound. The acoustic meta-barrier is designed by sparsely arranging the units composed of two central-symmetric cavities with the thickness about 0.12λ (λ is the sound wavelength) and the sparsity achieving up to 80%. A sound wave from all directions impinging to the meta-barrier is efficiently blocked, and the airflow is allowed to freely transport, maintaining the wind velocity ratio measured higher than 90%. Moreover, geometric parameter analysis is investigated to optimize and customize the meta-barrier according to the target frequency spectrum. The ultrasparse and omnidirectional acoustic ventilated meta-barrier in such a compact and open configuration would hold out promising solutions to sound insulation and offer an additional scheme to design sound-proofing yet air-permeable devices in various applications.
Dielectrowetting on curved surfaces
Authors: Ruiz-Gutiérrez É. , Baker P. J. , Edwards A. M. J. , Newton M. I. , Sage I. C. , Ledesma-Aguilar R. , McHale G. , Brown C. V.
Published: May 2022

Programmable fluidic systems on curved and flexible substrates are of increasing interest. One approach to achieving programmability is the controlled sequential wetting and dewetting on a surface using voltage actuation. In particular, liquid dielectrophoresis techniques have recently been shown to provide the ability to form a spread liquid film on a normally liquid repellent, but rigid, substrate via applying a spatially periodic electrical potential underneath an initial sessile droplet. In this work, we demonstrate the creation of thin, rectangular shaped, films of electrically insulating liquid on the side of a curved and flexible liquid repellant substrate using dielectrophoresis forces. We find that the experimental threshold voltage VT(κs) for film formation has a monotonic dependence on the value of the substrate curvature κs in the range −0.4 mm−1 < κs < 0.26 mm−1. By considering the balance of stresses acting on the films, including the Laplace pressure and the Maxwell stress, we develop an analytical theoretical expression that is in excellent quantitative agreement with our curvature dependent experimental threshold voltage measurements. The resulting physical insights and the demonstration of programmable wettability on curved and flexible substrates with both positive and negative curvature provide the foundations for applications in imaging, displays, and biochemical analysis.
Combination of Li-rich layered-oxide with O2 cathodes for high-energy Li-ion/Li-O2 hybrid batteries
Authors: Liu Zisheng , Zhao Ning , Zhao Xiaohui , Wang Chenggong , Zhang Tao , Xu Sheng , Guo Xiangxin
Published: May 2022

The energy density of commercial Li-ion batteries (LIBs) is limited by the specific capacity of intercalation-type cathodes. The Li-O2 batteries based on the conversion reaction of oxygen cathodes can deliver the superhigh specific capacity. Herein, the Li-rich layered-oxide 0.5Li2MnO3·0.5LiNi0.54Co0.16Mn0.16O2 (5/5 LLO) cathodes have been combined with O2 cathodes, in order to examine their synergistic effect on cell performance. It is found that the hybrid cells deliver the discharge capacity of 458 mAh gcathode−1 at approximately 0.2 C, compared with the specific capacity 200 mAh gcathode−1 at 0.2 C of 5/5 LLO in LIB. Meanwhile, the cycle life of Li-O2 batteries under 100% depth of discharge increases from a few cycles to more than 20 cycles, attributed to the transition of Ni2+ to Ni4+ upon charging that promotes decomposition of reaction products Li2O2 and by-products Li2CO3. These results demonstrate that the hybrid Li-ion/Li-O2 battery is a powerful way for combining advantages of the intercalation and conversion-type cathodes, promising for construction of future high-energy batteries.
Evolution of structure and transport properties of the Ba8Cu16P30 clathrate-I framework with the introduction of Ga
Authors: Sarkar Arka , Viswanathan Gayatri , Yox Philip , Harycki Stasia , Cerasoli Frank T. , Wang Jian , Perras Frédéric A. , Gundlach-Graham Alexander , Donadio Davide , Kovnir Kirill
Published: May 2022

Two type-I clathrates were synthesized by introducing Ga into the framework of the Ba8Cu16P30 type-I clathrate. The introduction of minute amounts of Ga, 1.9% Ga/Mtotal (where Mtotal = Cu + Ga), resulted in the disturbance of the completely ordered Pbcn superstructure of Ba8Cu16P30. Ba8Cu15.43(2)Ga0.3P30.26(3) crystallizes in a partially ordered orthorhombic Pmna clathrate-I superstructure with five out of 15 framework sites being jointly occupied by metal+phosphorus. Increasing the Ga content resulted in all framework sites being occupied by metal + phosphorus in the archetype cubic Pm3¯n clathrate-I crystal structure of Ba8Cu14.5(3)Ga1.3P30.2(4) with 8.2% Ga/Mtotal. A combination of energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy, and single crystal x-ray diffraction was used to determine the structures alongside the compositions. The positional disorder was verified by 31P solid state NMR spectroscopy. Characterization of the transport properties indicated that the Ga-substituted samples exhibit higher Seebeck coefficients and electrical resistivities compared to its pristine counterpart, in line with the expected reduction of the hole concentration due to Ga/Cu substitution. Moderate improvements in the thermoelectric power factor and overall figure-of-merit were observed for samples with 6.9% and 3.8% Ga/Mtotal as compared to those for the pristine Ba8Cu16P30 clathrate. Band structure calculations shed light on how Ga substitution affects the electronic structure and thermoelectric properties of studied clathrates.
Induction of human trophoblast stem-like cells from primed pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Jang Yu Jin , Kim Mijeong , Lee Bum-Kyu , Kim Jonghwan
Published: May 2022

Significance

Treatment with bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) in human primed pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) for generating trophoblast lineage cells has sparked debate that the resulting cells are closer to amnion lineage cells rather than trophoblast. This study reports that trophoblast stem-like cells (TSLCs) can be generated from human primed PSCs by a short-term treatment of BMP4 without amnion lineage marker expression. In addition, we describe that TSLCs are self-renewing in long-term culture and bipotent as they can differentiate into functional extravillous trophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts. We propose an alternative method to generate an available model for studying human placental development from human primed PSCs.
Anterior thalamic circuits crucial for working memory
Authors: Roy Dheeraj S. , Zhang Ying , Aida Tomomi , Shen Chenjie , Skaggs Keith M. , Hou Yuanyuan , Fleishman Morgan , Mosto Olivia , Weninger Alyssa , Feng Guoping
Published: May 2022

Significance

Anterior thalamus exhibits significant functional changes with increasing age. While it has been associated with cognitive functions, the specific circuitry relevant for working memory remains unknown. The significance of this study is threefold: First, the anteroventral subdivision of anterior thalamic nuclei is necessary for working memory maintenance; second, aged mice showed a decrease in the excitability of anteroventral thalamic neurons, which correlated with a working memory impairment; and third, activating anteroventral thalamic neurons in aged mice was sufficient to improve their working memory.
New intranasal and injectable gene therapy for healthy life extension
Authors: Jaijyan Dabbu Kumar , Selariu Anca , Cruz-Cosme Ruth , Tong Mingming , Yang Shaomin , Stefa Alketa , Kekich David , Sadoshima Junichi , Herbig Utz , Tang Qiyi , Church George , Parrish Elizabeth L. , Zhu Hua
Published: May 2022

As the global elderly population grows, it is socioeconomically and medically critical to provide diverse and effective means of mitigating the impact of aging on human health. Previous studies showed that the adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector induced overexpression of certain proteins, which can suppress or reverse the effects of aging in animal models. In our study, we sought to determine whether the high-capacity cytomegalovirus vector (CMV) can be an effective and safe gene delivery method for two such protective factors: telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and follistatin (FST). We found that the mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) carrying exogenous TERT or FST (MCMV
TERT
or MCMV
FST
) extended median lifespan by 41.4% and 32.5%, respectively. We report CMV being used successfully as both an intranasal and injectable gene therapy system to extend longevity. Specifically, this treatment significantly improved glucose tolerance, physical performance, as well as preventing body mass loss and alopecia. Further, telomere shortening associated with aging was ameliorated by TERT and mitochondrial structure deterioration was halted in both treatments. Intranasal and injectable preparations performed equally well in safely and efficiently delivering gene therapy to multiple organs, with long-lasting benefits and without carcinogenicity or unwanted side effects. Translating this research to humans could have significant benefits associated with quality of life and an increased health span.
A multi-dimensional comparison of the effectiveness and efficiency of association measures in collocation extraction
Authors: Deng Yaochen , Liu Dilin
Published: May 2022

Because of the ubiquity and importance of collocations in language use/learning, how to effectively and efficiently identify collocations has been a topic of interest. Although some studies have evaluated many of the existing association measures (AMs) used in the automatic identification of collocations, the results so far have been inconsistent and unclear due to various limitations of the existing studies. Hence, this study makes a multi-dimensional evaluation of the effectiveness and efficiency of seven major AMs in the identification of three types of collocations across five genres and seven corpora of different sizes. The results indicate that while a few AMs, such as Log Likelihood Ratio and Cubic Mutual Information (MI3), are consistently more effective and efficient than the other five AMs being examined, no one AM alone may be adequate in the identification of different types of collocations across different genres and corpus sizes. Research implications are also discussed.
“¿Triste estás? I don’t know nan molla”
Authors: Zhang Leticia-Tian , Vazquez-Calvo Boris
Published: May 2022

Fandubbing, or dubbing made by fans of any audiovisual product, is a linguistically and technologically
sophisticated enterprise enacted by many devoted fans. This study presents the case of Miree, a 24-year-old fandubber with more than 1 million subscribers on YouTube and more than 300 multilingual fandubbed songs. Using a
qualitative-interpretive approach, we conducted an in-depth interview with Miree and analyzed her top 30 videos by views to reveal
how Miree performed fandubbing, how she expressed her fan identity through fandubbing, and which were some of the implications of
fandubbing for language learning. Results show that Miree realized both interlinguistic genuine fandubbing and
intralinguistic parodic fandubbing, strategically adopting translanguaging to orchestrate a multimodal
performance, engage her fanbase, and activate several informal language learning opportunities and contexts afforded by
fandubbing.
Effect of surface rolling extrusion processing on corrosion resistance of U–5.7Nb alloy
Authors: Liu Jingyuan , Su Bin , Cai Dingzhou , Lu Chao , Ren Zhiyong , Chen Daoming , Zhao Yawen , Chang Yanhong , Liu Kezhao
Published: May 2022

Surface rolling extrusion processing is applied to reconstruct the microstructure of U–5.7Nb alloy. A micro–nano structure layer is formed on the surface, at the same time the inclusions in the surface are also refined and the uniformity of niobium element distribution is improved. The corrosion resistance test indicates that, the corrosion rate of the material is accelerated, but the stability of oxide film formed on the surface of U–5.7Nb alloy after rolling is better. The modified layer with uniform structure formed by rolling can eliminate the uneven potential distribution of turning, thereby improves the local corrosion resistance of U–5.7Nb alloy.
Caloric stimulation of the labyrinth and some forgotten pioneers
Authors: Dasgupta Soumit , Mandala Marco , Vanspauwen Robby , Guneri Enis Alpin
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Understanding the physiology of the caloric stimulation of the vestibular end organ was a seminal discovery in the history of neurotology. Robert Barany has been traditionally credited with this (1906). However, well before Barany, three scientists observed, qualified and quantified a similar phenomenon with different explanations. They were Charles Edouard Brown Sequard (1858), A Bornhardt (1876) and Benno Baginsky (1881).

Materials and methods

Articles with key words containing ‘caloric test’ and the ‘vestibular system’ were searched and studied from a historical perspective in scientific research repositories and journals on the history of medicine. Contemporaneous articles of the three scientists were analysed and inferences drawn.

Results and discussion

Charles Edouard Brown Sequard noticed the caloric effect on the ear causing giddiness in 1853, A Bornhardt observed nystagmus on application of ice cold water/hot iron rod to the semicircular canals in 1876 and Benno Baginsky in 1881 identified the correct pressure/temperature on the external/middle ear to elicit a caloric response. They also stumbled across key observations of vestibular physiology which were later confirmed in the 20th century.

Conclusions

This paper resurrects the works of these three forgotten pioneers and their contributions to our understanding of the physiology of the vestibular system.
Study of lepton EDMs in the U(1)
X
SSM *
Authors: Su Lu-Hao , He Dan , Dong Xing-Xing , Feng Tai-Fu , Zhao Shu-Min
Published: May 2022

The minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model (MSSM) is extended to the

SSM, whose local gauge group is

. To obtain the

SSM, we add new superfields to the MSSM, namely, three Higgs singlets

and right-handed neutrinos

. The charge conjugate and parity (CP) violating effects are considered to study the lepton electric dipole moment (EDM) in the

SSM. There are more CP violating phases in the

SSM than in the standard model (SM). In this model, several new parameters

are considered as CP violating phases; hence, there are new contributions to lepton EDMs. This is conducive to exploring the source of CP violation and probing new physics beyond the SM.
Alphabet of one-loop Feynman integrals *
Authors: Chen Jiaqi , Ma Chichuan , Yang Li Lin
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we present the universal structure of the alphabet of one-loop Feynman integrals. The letters in the alphabet are calculated using the Baikov representation with cuts. We consider both convergent and divergent cut integrals and observe that letters in the divergent cases can be easily obtained from convergent cases by applying certain limits. The letters are written as simple expressions in terms of various Gram determinants. The knowledge of the alphabet enables us to easily construct the canonical differential equations of the

form and aids in bootstrapping the symbols of the solutions.
Gravitational Deformation Measurement Method for the Main Reflector and Sub-reflector of the 70 m Antenna by Laser Scanner
Authors: Fu Lian-Bo , Liu Jian-Jun , Yan Wei , Kong De-Qing , Ren Xin , Liu Chen-Di , Zhang Hong-Bo
Published: May 2022

Large antennas play an important role in deep space exploration and astronomical research. However, their performances are inevitably affected by the main reflector surface deformation and sub-reflector displacement resulting from the factors of wind, temperature, and gravity, among which the effect of gravity is especially pronounced. In this work, a three-dimensional laser scanner was employed to measure the main reflector and sub-reflector gravitational deformation of the Tianjin 70 m antenna at different elevation angles. Here, we solved the antenna main reflector deformation and sub-reflector displacement, and analyzed the deformation law of the antenna under the action of gravity. A new measurement method of antenna main reflector deformation and sub-reflector displacement is realized by mutual verification of the measured results and theoretical simulations. This method will help to improve the antenna performance and provide a reference to optimize the design of large-aperture antennas.
Frequency Integration of Dual-band Hexagonal Metamaterial Resonator antenna for Wi-Fi and 5G Wireless Communication
Authors: Hakim M L , Alam T , Baharuddin M H , Islam M T
Published: May 2022

The integration of 5G mm-wave and Wi-Fi frequency bands becomes significant for upcoming 5G wireless applications for providing a large frequency ratio. This work presents a frequency reconfigurable hexagonal metamaterial resonator (HMR) antenna for Wi-Fi and a 5G mm-wave frequency band. A PIN diode is utilized to link up a microstrip patch antenna (MPA) with HMR to achieve integration of the Wi-Fi frequency band. The resonant frequency of the proposed antenna is 5 GHz (Wi-Fi) and 27.87 GHz with peak gain 2.33 dB and 7.12 dB, respectively. The operating bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 800 MHz (4.5-5.3 GHz) and 1020 MHz (27.35-28.37 GHz). The rogers RT5880 substrate with thickness 0.508 mm, dielectric constant 2.2, and loss tangent 0.009 has been used for designing the antenna. The overall size of the antenna is 30×23×0.508 mm3.
Rehabilitation monitoring prototype: Arduino Nano 35 BLE
Authors: Mad Kaidi H. , Izhar M.A.M. , Ahmad N. , Dziyauddin R.A. , Sarip S. , Jalil S.Z.A.
Published: May 2022

Nowadays, smart health has been developing in the healthcare system by implementing the Internet of Things. One of the implementations of smart health is remote monitoring systems for rehabilitating patients such as stroke. Today, with the rising Covid-19 pandemic, patients undergoing rehabilitation at home have difficulties meeting with their doctors due to the moving restrictions. The healthcare facilities are focused on treating Covid-19 patients. These restrictions have caused doctors and patients not to meet regularly to collect their data on the rehabilitation progress. This research suggests building a prototype to monitor a post-stroke patient’s lower limb strength rehabilitation process by using embedded sensors and microcontrollers. The prototype will measure key components of the rehabilitation process and will be discussed in the later section of this paper.
Some Warnings About Quantum Space Gravimetry Enhance Earth Observations Project
Authors: Fiziev Plamen
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we discuss in brief some basic issues of quantum space gravimetry, related to standard approach of geodesy which is based on the Newton model of gravity and Euclidean geometry. We emphasize the need to apply relativistic gravity in practical high-precision geodesy.

Here we do not intend to solve the existing hard experimental and theoretical problems, being essential for the topic: development of quantum gravity, physics of dark matter and dark energy, novel physical principles of extended general relativity, in particular, a nonlinear superposition principle in general relativity and its extensions, and so on.

Rather, we point out the fundamental unsolved problems, which are substantial for quantum space gravimetry and future practical high-precision geodesy. We outline the possible ways for their study and decision. Thus, to some extend, the present paper is a program for further developments, not a presentation of the fnal solutions.

Our goal is to warn corresponding scientifc community about the ultimate necessity for going outside the frameworks of the formulated more than three century ago, and used up to now in geodesy, Newton gravity, together with Euclidian geometry.

At present, in the emerging high-precision geodesy one must replace them with modern models of gravity and corresponding non-Euclidean geometry.

Without using and further development of those issues, the interpretation of data obtained from high-precision measurements by satellites for geodetic use seems to be quite problematic, uncertain, and may be misleading for practitioners.
Analysis of up-to-date methods of non-destructive testing of performance properties of reinforced concrete building structures
Authors: Bredikhin V , Los K
Published: May 2022

In the process of engineering survey of the operated reinforced concrete structures of buildings and erections, various methods are being used. According to their approach, they are divided into two groups: destructive and non-destructive testing methods. The main disadvantage of destructive testing methods is the violation of the “testing integrity”, i.e. only the part of a structure is used in tests. When selecting core samples, for example, concrete cores from the “body“ of a structure, a new, essentially independent, structural element is formed. In other words, the behavior of a sample that is the part of a reinforced concrete structure may differ from the behavior of the same part in the structure as a whole during experimental testing. The noted shortcomings can affect the accuracy of the research results, which means that the answers to the questions posed before the technical inspection of a facility cannot be adequate. Methods of reinforced concrete structures’ inspection that partially or completely solve the problems of destructive testing are non-destructive methods. The paper concerns the system analysis of up-to-date methods of non-destructive testing of main performance properties of reinforced concrete structures.