bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La izquierda nunca ha sido genuina en autocriticarse en los temas de fondo. No ha elaborado sus propios procesos y sus propias experiencias
Authors: Eguren López Fernando
Published: April 2023

La idea de que el mundo puede cambiar no me surge del colegio, dado el tipo de colegio donde estudié, dado que el mundo real, el mundo externo a los límites del colegio Santa María, prácticamente era inexistente. Incluso hubo momentos políticamente convulsos —era la época de Odría— que no repercutían en los temas de conversación del colegio ni eran introducidos por los profesores. Es cuando entro a la Universidad Católica, a comienzos de los años sesenta, que los dos años de Letras cumplieron un papel de apertura al mundo, tanto por la diversidad de alumnos que había como por los cursos mismos y las características de los profesores; gente como Onorio Ferrero, Gustavo Gutiérrez, Luis Jaime Cisneros y varios otros.
«He aprendido que el país es bastante heterogéneo y que para comprender eso no nos sirven los manuales. Vivimos en un país con diferentes identidades; es un país difícil de interpretar»
Authors: Saravia Gerardo
Published: April 2023

No sé desde cuándo uno puede decir que es consciente de las cosas. Uno recuerda más o menos a partir de los tres años, pero yo a partir de los seis años ya tenía la idea de que el mundo no estaba bien como estaba y debía ser cambiado. Y que, más o menos —no sé por qué—, debía estar entre los que cambiasen el mundo, los que apostasen.
«No creo posible un gran cambio integral. Se puede ir empujando en ciertas direcciones. Tenemos que avanzar hacia la tolerancia cero a la discriminación y violencia contra las mujeres y lo femenino»
Authors: Iguíñiz Natalia
Published: April 2023

He crecido con la idea de que el mundo puede y debe cambiarse, principalmente con la idea de acabar con la pobreza y la injusticia. No sé si di un paso o han sido influencias que se han ido superponiendo y complementando. El hogar en el que nací: mis papás son parte de una generación no solo peruana sino internacional, de un momento de efervescencia, de la idea de revolución de mayo del 68, de la revolución cubana. Y ellos, particularmente, militaban en partidos de izquierda que en ese momento eran clandestinos. Había una mística muy fuerte de que había que cambiar el mundo, que había que hacer la revolución, desde que nací. No era que mis papás me decían: «Esto es lo que hay que hacer». Eran cosas que uno percibía.
Deuda, poder y la normatividad de la interdependencia : debates contemporáneos y el joven Marx
Authors: Gregoratto Federica
Published: April 2023

En la teoría política y social, los conceptos de «deuda» y «crédito» se han vuelto recientemente categorías clave para aprehender las actuales estructuras de poder y dominación. Aunque anteriormente las cuestiones sobre deuda y crédito, y sobre la relación acreedor-deudor, eran predominantemente un asunto de discusión dentro de áreas de investigación asociadas a la macroeconomía, la sociología y la antropología, ahora son debatidas desde una perspectiva más amplia e inclusiva, dirigida a elaborar una teoría filosófica de la deuda-crédito. Esta teoría se preocupa de cuestiones y problemas como las siguientes: ¿cuál es la naturaleza socioontológica de la deuda-crédito? ¿Qué clase de relaciones sociales y políticas implica la deuda-crédito? ¿En qué clase de moralidad, ética y concepción (o concepciones) de uno mismo y de la comunidad se basan esas relaciones?
Ontología(s) política(s) : entre el posfundacionalismo y el vitalismo
Authors: Gruber Stephan
Published: April 2023

Este ensayo se centra en explorar las intenciones y la justificación de una reflexión ontológica de la política que recientemente se ha ido configurando dentro del amplio espectro de la teoría crítica. Cambios políticos, económicos y materiales llaman continuamente a la revisión de las armas de la crítica disponibles para pensar lo social y articular una política emancipadora. Considero que esta preocupación ontológica, la cual ha permeado, durante los últimos treinta años, varios proyectos de teoría política —desde el posmarxismo de una democracia radical (Laclau y Mouffe, 1985) a refundamentaciones de la democracia liberal (Searle, 2010)—, responde, precisamente, a la necesidad de articular estas nuevas demandas de la realidad para restablecer el lazo entre la teoría y una práctica política efectiva. Sin embargo, las variadas formas y enfoques desde los que lo ontológico se engarza con lo político nos dibujan un panorama dividido, a veces confuso, complejizando el análisis y dejando muchos temas sin resolver. Mi intención aquí es tratar de cartografiar este panorama a través de la explicitación de las líneas maestras en las que estos proyectos se suscriben y, así, analizar las ganancias y problemas que condicionan su idoneidad frente a las demandas de una crítica inmanente de lo social.
HSP70 Gene Expression Pattern in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells during Different Seasons in Pandharpuri Buffaloes
Authors: Ambade R.B. , Dalvi S.H. , Dighe V.D. , Doiphode A.Y. , Ramteke B.N. , Jadhav S.N.
Published: April 2023

Background: Heat shock protein is one of the most abundant and best characterized heat shock protein family that consists of highly conserved stress proteins. Amongst these heat shock protein family, HSP70 is expressed in response to stress and plays crucial roles in environmental stress tolerance and adaptation. Thermal stress alters the normal body homeostasis and causes severe detrimental effects on production and productivity of animals and impairs growth, immune status of animal. Therefore, the present study is proposed to study HSP70 gene expression pattern in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Methods: The present study was conducted to study the relative mRNA expression pattern of HSP70 gene in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during different seasons in Padharpuri buffaloes. 10 Apparently healthy, non - pregnant Pandharpuri buffaloes (above 2 years of age) were taken for study. Blood samples were collected thrice i.e. once in winter season, once in summer season and once in rainy season. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was applied to investigate mRNA expression of HSP70 gene during different seasons. Specificity of the desired products was documented using analysis of the melting temperature and high resolution gel electrophoresis to verify that the transcripts are of the exact molecular size predicted. Result: To investigate the variation in relative mRNA expression profile of HSP70 gene, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH gene) was used as a housekeeping gene. The relative expression values of HSP70 during summer and rainy seasons were found statistically significant in comparison to winter. These results suggest that HSP70 gene expression varies with season and this variation may play an imperative role in conferring thermo tolerance against heat stress during different seasons.
An Equity-Based Scoring System for Evaluating Surveillance-Related Harm in Public Health Crises
Authors: Amani Bita , McAndrew Breann , Sharif Mienah Z. , Garcia Jamie , Nwankwo Ezinne , Cabral Alejandra , Abotsi-Kowu Consuela , Khan Hamid , Le Cindy , Ponder Monica L. , Ford Chandra L.
Published: April 2023

Background

Although surveillance systems used to mitigate disasters serve essential public health functions, communities of color have experienced disproportionate harms (eg, criminalization) as a result of historic and enhanced surveillance.

Methods

To address this, we developed and piloted a novel, equity-based scoring system to evaluate surveillance systems regarding their potential and actual risk of adverse effects on communities made vulnerable through increased exposure to policing, detention/incarceration, deportation, and disruption of access to social services or public resources. To develop the scoring system, we reviewed the literature and surveyed an expert panel on surveillance to identify specific harms (eg, increased policing) that occur through surveillance approaches.

Results

Scores were based on type of information collected (individual and/or neighborhood level) and evidence of sharing information with law enforcement. Scores were 0 (no risk of harm identified), 1 (potential for risk), 2 (evidence of risk), and U (data not publicly accessible). To pilot the scoring system, 44 surveillance systems were identified between June 2020 and October 2020 through an environmental scan of systems directly related to COVID-19 (n=21), behavioral and health-related services (n=11), and racism and racism-related factors (n=12). A score of 0-2 was assigned to 91% (n=40) of the systems; 9% were scored U; 30% (n=13) scored a 0. Half scored a 1 (n=22), indicating a “potential for the types of harm of concern in this analysis.” “Evidence of harm,” a score of 2, was found for 12% (n=5).

Conclusions

The potential for surveillance systems to compromise the health and well-being of racialized and/or vulnerable populations has been understudied. This project developed and piloted a scoring system to accomplish this equity-based imperative. The nobler pursuits of public health to improve the health for all must be reconciled with these potential harms.
The use of plant extracts as dietary supplements in dairy cow nutrition: plant essential oils
Authors:   Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain, Calsamiglia Sergio , Rodríguez-Prado María ,   Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain, Fernández-Turren Gonzalo ,   Instituto de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Uruguay, Castillejos Lorena ,   Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
Published: April 2023

This chapter examines the use of plant extracts as dietary supplements in dairy cow nutrition, specifically focusing on plant essential oils. The chapter begins by reviewing the ruminal effects of essential oils, drawing specific attention to their mechanisms of action, how targets are selected to modulate ruminal fermentation to improve efficiency and the effects that essential oils have on rumen fermentation both in vitro and in vivo. The chapter also discusses the post ruminal effects of essential oils, their impact on dairy cattle performance and the current problems farmers are facing in the use of essential oils in dairy cattle feeding. A case study using in vitro batch fermentation studies is also included.
Assessing alternative protein sources from by-products
Authors:   North Dakota State University, USA, Carlson Zachary E. , Lardy Gregory ,   North Dakota State University, USA
Published: April 2023

This chapter examines the most commonly used protein-based by-product feeds in dairy cattle diets. The chapter focuses on 1) protein quality of by-products; 2) characteristics of grain-sourced by-products; 3) characteristics of oilseed by-products; 4) rendered by-products; 5) environmental impact of by-products, and 6) future direction and trends of by-products. Review papers will be cited to direct readers interested in further detail on a specific topic when appropriate.
Monitoring poczty elektronicznej a tajemnica korespondencji pracownika
Authors: Bakalarz Tomasz
Published: April 2023

W 2018 roku dodano do ustawy Kodeks pracy przepisy szczególne dotyczące monitoringu, w tym monitoringu służbowej poczty elektronicznej. Przyjęte rozwiązania spotkały się z krytyką doktryny w zakresie ich adekwatności co do założonych celów. Przedmiotem niniejszego tekstu jest wykładnia przepisu art. 223 § 2 k.p. w kontekście systemowym, podjęta dla wykazania, że kategoryczne zastrzeżenie, iż legalny monitoring nie może naruszać tajemnicy korespondencji pracownika, istotnie utrudnia realizację celów monitoringu założonych przez ustawodawcę.
Current Status and Suggestions for therapeutic Application of Sound Healing as a Mind-Body Intervention
Authors:   The Association of Korea Counseling Psychology Education Welfare, Park Jihyun
Published: April 2023

This study aims to suggest sound healing that can be applied in the field of counseling andpsychotherapy by examining the current status of therapeutic application of sound healing,which is growing mainly in the West and is not yet recognized as an independent field inKorea. Sound healing is the therapeutic application of sound waves with the intention ofbringing about a state of harmony and health. It is one of the oldest healing methods. Currently, sound healing can be divided into meditative sound healing, participatory soundhealing, body and energy healing, and facilitative sound therapy. The therapeutic effects ofsound healing, which have been verified through scientific and systematic methods so far, aredivided into physical effects such as pain relief, removal of cancer cell, risk reduction ofcardiovascular disease , and function improvement of immune system, and psychological effectssuch as depression, anxiety, and stress relief. Sound healing that has powerful healing poweron mind and body can be applied in counseling and psychotherapy sessions as a therapeuticenvironment, a means of non-verbal awareness and expression of the client, and a means ofattunement for the client’s emotional and cognitive change. It is expected that sound healing,which has been overlooked for its usefulness compared to the powerful healing power ofsound, will be actively introduced into the field of counseling and psychotherapy in the future.
Effects of Training Program Using Neurofeedback to Enhance Cognitive Function on Higher-Order Cognition and Brain Waves in University Students
Authors:   The Association of Korea Counseling Psychology Education Welfare, HONG Jin-seung , HONG Seung-ju , KIM Dong-ju
Published: April 2023

This study aims to explore the effect of neurofeedback training on higher-order cognitivefunction and the changes in related EEG of university students who have difficulties withattention. The study participants were nine university students aged 19 or older with difficultieswith attention, and ten neurofeedback training sessions were conducted over two months as anintervention. To confirm the intervention effect, repeated measures ANOVA was performed onthe high-order cognition measurement results during the pre-, post-, and follow-up tests andintervention sessions, and the EEG measurement results during the pre-, post-, and follow-uptests. As a result, the higher-order cognitive function of the study participants is enhanced, andthe A/T ratio related to cognitive function has been increased in the parietal, occipital, and righttemporal lobes. These results indicate that the cognitive function of the study participantsimproved due to the effect of neurofeedback training, resulting in enhanced higher-ordercognition and brain function. Moreover, the significance and limitations of the current researchand suggestions were discussed based on the result.
A Study on Case Conceptualization Elements: Focusing on Domestic Research
Authors:   The Association of Korea Counseling Psychology Education Welfare, Oh Yehyun
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study is to comprehensively review the domestic research of caseconceptualization elements and suggest how consented case conceptualization can bedeveloped. To this end, 7 studies of case conceptualization elements were reviewed. Bycomparing collected case conceptualization elements in general counseling, common areas ofelements were founded. It might be agreed to develop integrative case conceptualization infuture. Considering reviewed case conceptualization elements in specific counseling, it couldprovide a possibility to develop a case conceptualization elements for children and adolescents. Also, counseling area with distinct characteristic about clients or situations might be need todevelop a case conceptualization element list of their own.
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI MADU TRIGONA TERHADAP MUTU MIKROBIOLOGI, KIMIA DAN SENSORIS YOGHURT SARI UBI JALAR UNGU (Ipomoea batatas L.)
Authors: Qibtiyah Riyadhotul , Handayani Baiq Rien , Ariyana Mutia Devi
Published: April 2023

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of various concentrations of trigona honey on microbial, chemical and sensory quality of purple sweet potato juice yoghurt. The method used in this research was an experimental method with a single factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD), namely concentration of trigona honey 0%; 2.5%; 5%; 7.5%; 10%, and 12.5%. The parameters observed were the total lactic acid bacterial (LAB), total lactic acid, pH, antioxidant activity, viscosity, color, and sensory (aroma, taste, appearance and consistency). Observational data were analyzed by analysis of variance with a significance level of 5% using the Co-stat software. The real difference data was further analyzed using the Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test for microbial, chemical, and sensory parameters. The result showed that the concentration of trigona honey had a significantly different effect on the total lactic acid bacterial (LAB), total lactic acid, pH, antioxidant activity, viscosity, and sensory properties of taste (hedonic), appearance (hedonic and scoring) and consistency (hedonic and scoring). The use of 5% trigona honey produced purple sweet potato juice yoghurt with the best quality the following characteristics: the total lactic acid bacterial (LAB) 9,89 ± 0,39 log CFU/mL, total lactic acid 1,28 ± 0,016 %, pH 3,48 ± 0,016, antioxidant activity 27,45 ± 1,45 %, viscosity 172 ± 0 cP, color 52,82 ± 2,58 and other acceptable sensory qualities.
Management of Lisfranc Injuries
Authors: Carter Thomas H. , Heinz Nicholas , Duckworth Andrew D. , White Timothy O. , Amin Anish K.
Published: April 2023

» There is a spectrum of midtarsal injuries, ranging from mild midfoot sprains to complex Lisfranc fracture-dislocations.

» Use of appropriate imaging can reduce patient morbidity, by reducing the number of missed diagnoses and, conversely, avoiding overtreatment. Weight-bearing radiographs are of great value when investigating the so-called subtle Lisfranc injury.

» Regardless of the operative strategy, anatomical reduction and stable fixation is a prerequisite for a satisfactory outcome in the management of displaced injuries.

» Fixation device removal is less frequently reported after primary arthrodesis compared with open reduction and internal fixation based on 6 published meta-analyses. However, the indications for further surgery are often unclear, and the evidence of the included studies is of typically low quality. Further high-quality prospective randomized trials with robust cost-effectiveness analyses are required in this area.

» We have proposed an investigation and treatment algorithm based on the current literature and clinical experience of our trauma center.
The Role of Hemogram Parameters in Predicting Sentinel Lymph Node Metastasis in Breast Cancer
Authors:   Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Bolu, Turkey, Ozer Bahri , Koyuncu Adil ,   Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Department of General Surgery, İstanbul, Turkey., Ozer Songul Peltek ,   Abant İzzet Baysal Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Bolu, Turkey
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Background: Breast cancer remains the second most common cancer in the world after lung cancer. Breast cancer rate in Turkey was 40-50 / 100.000 in the west, and was 20 / 100.000 in the east. Objective: In our study, we aimed to investigate the prediction of hemogram parameters in showing sentinel lymph node metastasis. Materials & Methods: Patients undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) with the diagnosis of breast cancer between January 2015 and August 2019 in General Surgery Department of Abant Izzet Baysal University were retrospectively analyzed in present descriptive study. The patients were divided into two groups, SLNB positive and negative. The measured hemogram parameters were compared between these two groups. Analysis of the data was held with a statistical software (SPSS 18.0 for Windows, IBM Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: A total of 93 patients were included in the study. The average age of SLNB positive and negative patients were 55 (30-81) years 59 (35-88) years respectively. In detecting SLNB positivity, sensitivities and specificities of Tumor diameter> 0.9 cm were 72% sensitivity, 56% specificity, of CRP> 0.65 mg/dL were 76% sensitivity, 51% specificity, of RMR> 1.85 were 72% sensitivity, 46% specificity, of RDW> 15.45% were 75% sensitivity,% 42 specificity, of PLR> 106.5 were 72% sensitivity, 56% specificity. Conclusion: Since auxiliary metastasis is one of the most important points for the prognosis of breast cancer, we suggest PLR, RDW, RMR could serve as prognostic factors in determining lymph node metastasis along with CRP and tumor size in breast cancer.
Correlation of Blood Groups and Intelligence Quotient Levels among Medical Students
Authors:   Department of Physiology, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan., Afaq Erum , Sajjad Mariam ,   Department of Physiology, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan., Shoaib Navaira ,   Department of Physiology, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan., Azhar Naveen ,   Department of Physiology, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan., Siddiqui Arooma Shaukat ,   Department of Physiology, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan., Hussain Ayesha ,   Department of Physiology, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan., Waseem Hira Fatima ,   Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Background: Blood group and intelligence are both highly heritable traits unique to each individual. For the past several years, a possible correlation between these two traits has been suggested but existing studies report contrasting results in different geographical populations. Objective: To investigate a potential relationship between blood group and intelligence among consenting medical and dental students of Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi. Materials & Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study involving the MBBS and BDS students of Dow University of Health Sciences within age group of 18-21 years. The study was conducted in the department of Physiology, Dow Medical College (DUHS) from 15th February 2021 to 1st July 2021. After the Institutional Review Board’s approval, we determined the ABO and Rh blood group of the participants through test tube method (forward grouping) during the physiology practical sessions. Intelligence levels were assessed using the Stanford Binet IQ Test. SPSS 21 was used to analyze the data collected. Results: Out of 353 participants, 67 (18.98%) were male and 286 (81.01%) were female with a mean age of 20 years. We found highest IQ scores in blood group A negative (25.80±8.25) with no statistical significance (p=0.162). Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference between the intelligence of male and female participants (p=0.257). Conclusion: Blood group and intelligence of an individual are two heritable traits that are not linked with each other. There is no difference in the IQ of males and females. This finding has important implications in the educational field as it shows that male and female students of different blood groups have similar cognitive capabilities and consequently, similar educational needs.
A Case of Celiac Disease Admitted to Our Clinic with Symptoms of Malabsorption
Authors:   Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Bolu, Turkey., Tel Burcin Atak , Duman Tuba ,   Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Bolu, Turkey, Aktas Gulali ,   Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Bolu, Turkey, Bilgin Satilmis ,   Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Bolu, Turkey, Tel Mustafa Ramiz ,   Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bolu, Turkey.
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Celiac disease is an immune-mediated chronic intestinal disease that causes atrophy of the intestinal mucosa by ingestion of gluten and related proteins in genetically susceptible individuals. Presentation of the illness can differ from a severe malabsorption to mild symptomatic and even asymptomatic. The only treatment for celiac disease is to follow a strict gluten-free diet for life and it is not a cure. A 37-year-old female patient was followed up with the diagnoses of irritable bowel syndrome and dyspepsia applied to our outpatient clinic with severe malabsorption symptoms. She was diagnosed as celiac disease. Celiac disease should be questioned in all patients presenting with dyspeptic complaints. With a simple treatment, the quality of life increases significantly.
Dao-de jing: the Main Canon of Chinese Philosophy in the First Academic Translation into Russian
Authors:   Center for the Study of Russian Language, Literature and Culture, Heilongjiang University, Kobzev Artem I. ,   Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   Russian State University for the Humanities, Faculty of Philosophy
Published: April 2023

The Dao-de jing (The Canon of the Way-dao and Grace), or Lao-zi (The [Trea­tise] of the Master Lao / the Old Child), is the main canon of Taoism, which un­derlies its philosophy, mythology and religion, cult and psychophysical prac­tice, as well as the most original and popular work of all Chinese philosophy in the world, second only to the Bible in terms of publicity. For more than two millennia in China and neighboring countries hundreds of scientists and philoso­phers have been studying, commenting and interpreting it. For a century and a half in Europe, America, Russia, it has been consistently considered the great­est work of philosophical and religious thought in China, attracting the attention of major thinkers and cultural figures. Over the past half century, the outstanding discoveries of Chinese archaeologists have been the finds of its oldest manuscripts. However, until now, despite thousands of studies and hundreds of translations, the origin and authentic meaning of the Dao-de jing remain a mystery. This pa­per provides brief information about the current state of its study and the first academic translation in Russia, based on the textually most verified original and a scientifically based system of Russian-language equivalents for the categories and basic concepts of Chinese philosophy, as well as observing the unity of ter­minology when transmitting the same hieroglyphs used in the same sense. The most well-founded and detailed commentary text of the monument, published by China’s leading expert on classical Taoism, Professor Chen Gu-ying, is used as the original.
Golovachev, Valentin Ts., Pub. Lidia I. Golovacheva (1937–2011) – The Problem of the Genesis of an Autonomous Human Personality in Ancient China: Discussions of Soviet and Chinese Scholars in the 1980s.
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Golovachev Valentin Ts.
Published: April 2023

In 1986, the pilot issue of the Kongzi yanjiu (Confucius Studies) Journal in China issued an article by Zhou Jizhi “Concerning the problem of self-consciousness of an individual in the ideas of Confucius and pre-Qin Confucianism”, followed by a special discussion. Jin Chunfeng, the Zhou’s opponent, repeating the com­mon arguments on different status of individuals in Ancient Greece and China during the genesis of philosophy, insisted that there were no conditions for the genesis of an autonomous human personality in China. In general, traditional ideas about the absence of personality in China during the Chunqiu-Zhanguo Era prevailed in China and foreign historical and philosophical science in the 1980s and early 1990s. However, these ideas are in many ways controversial and do not stand up to criticism. A comparison of answers by Confucius and the Ancient Greek thinkers to the “Challenge of the Epoch” reveals that the Confucius’ phi­losophy is freer from the mythological shell and answers the question more di­rectly. From this point of view, it cannot be considered less “mature” than the Antic concepts.
Chinese Studies in the Russian (Soviet) Philosophy of Science and Technology
Authors:   Tsinghua University, Ou Bao
Published: April 2023

Since the early 1950s, the first generation of Chinese scientists who studied En­gels’ Dialectics of Nature have been dealing with philosophical problems of natu­ral science in the wake of developments in Soviet philosophy. This was dictated by the need to serve the needs of national policy and the tasks of developing a philo­sophical theoretical system in the PRC. The fruits of such cooperation significantly influenced the theoretical construction and development of the “dialectic of nature in China”. Over the past 70 years, Chinese scientists have continuously observed the development of the Soviet philosophy of natural science and its subsequent theoretical offshoots, using methods of comparative analysis in relation to the his­torical context of their existence. The philosophy of science and technology origi­nated in the Soviet Union and is developing in the Russian Federation on the basis of Russian scientific culture, which contains the “gene” of materialistic dialec­tics (as, indeed, the “mutations” that arose as a result of countering this gene). As a branch of knowledge, the philosophy of science and technology has under­gone an evolution from Russian natural philosophy to the Soviet philosophy of natural science, has passed the path of formation of the Soviet (and later – Russian) philosophy of science, philosophy of technology, as well as such a promising re­search direction as “science, technology and society”. The philosophy of science and technology in Russia deserves that the international scientific community should study it, research and adopt its experience, and also, if possible, make its feasible contribution to “science and technology studies in Russia (USSR)” and to the study of the direction “science, technology and society” in Russia.
The Problem of Nihilism in Russian Silver Age Philosophy
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Heilongjiang University, Laishun Zhou
Published: April 2023

Nihilism is one of the central problems of the philosophy of the Silver Age. If Russian literature, represented by I.S. Turgenev and F.M. Dostoevsky, acutely foresaw the onset of the era of nihilism and depicted many of its images, then the philosophy of the Silver Age was engaged in a deep study of the causes of ni­hilism and ways to overcome it. From the perspective of philosophers in the Sil­ver Age, the prevalence of nihilism is closely related to the decline of religious beliefs, the limitations of Western civilization models, and the rampant logic of capital. Facing the erosion of nihilism, Russian thinkers tried to overcome it by returning to faith and rethinking the spirit of the new man. In an attempt to resolve the crisis of nihilism in the contemporary world, they actually proposed an outline of a modern model of society. Unlike the Western model, which mainly relies on the material, rational, and technological, this model addresses the human soul to a much greater extent, suggests the revival of faith and the emergence of a new person, draws a sketch of a new civilization. This is one of the lessons that it would be useful for the modern world to draw from Russian philosophy at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries.
In What Sense Can One Speak of National Philosophy?
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, He Li
Published: April 2023

In recent years, the term “national philosophy” has become very common in scientific circles. One can speak of “national philosophy” in connection with the task of building “sovereignty in the sphere of ideas” in countries that gained independence in the second half of the 20th century and striving to strengthen their national cultural identity, and in countries with a long political history, looking for a way to build a picture of the history of philosophy from the positions of their own country, not only as the history of Western philoso­phy. The article attempts to clarify in what sense one speaks of national philo­sophy? For this reason, the paper distinguishes between the concept of national philosophy in the sense of political science and the concept of national philo­sophy in the sense of anthropology, and also shows the difference between the meanings of the word “philosophy” in the singular and plural forms. It is argued that “national philosophy” is essentially a term of philosophy and poli­tics, and the emphasis is on “nation” rather than “philosophy”. In addition increased attention paid to the concept of “national philosophy” is the hall­mark of the intelligentsia of some countries of “catching up” development. The question “Do we have a philosophy?” cannot be reconstructed from with­in philosophy itself; “National philosophy” is a concept both necessary and superfluous.
Existential Truth and Rational Truth. Philosophical Controversy between Lev Shestov and Edmund Husserl
Authors:   Beijing University, Fenglin Xu
Published: April 2023

In 1928–1930 there were only four meetings between Lev Shestov and Edmund Husserl. Already the first meeting revealed a discrepancy in the interpretation of truth: for Husserl, the existence of an ideal object is independent of living re­ality, the real world occupies a subordinate position in relation to the ideal. Ac­cording to Shestov, timeless ideal entities are doomed to decay, although, choos­ing between the real and the reasonable, a person chooses the reasonable, but in the situation of the ultimate idea, they reveal their impotence. Further commu­nication between the two philosophers made it possible to touch upon the ques­tion of “coercion by the truth”, the power of reason, and the tasks of philosophy. Shestov’s controversy with Husserl expressed the opposition between rationalis­tic epistemology and existential philosophy. However, the differences between the thinkers on scientific and philosophical issues did not interfere with their per­sonal friendship. Husserl sees the irrational reality of life, but he believes that philosophy can and aims to overcome this chaos of the irrational; for Shestov, the task is not to reject the rational, but to criticize the notion of its omnipotence. The exchange of ideas between Shestov and Husserl was an important event in the history of philosophy in the 20th century.
Taiwanese Daoism: Variability of Forms and Immutability of the Social Mission
Authors:   Amur State University, Filonov Sergey V.
Published: April 2023

This article is devoted to the analysis of the social structure of Taiwanese Dao­ism and its role in the everyday life of Taiwanese society. The emergence of Tao­ism in Taiwan dates back to the middle of the 17th century, when the first settlers arrived here from the areas of Quanzhou, Zhangzhou and Chaozhou, located in the southern coastal regions of mainland China. Until the 20th century, only Taoists of the Orthodox One school (Zhengyipai) were represented in Taiwanese society. The peculiarity of the ritualists of the Zhengyi school is their close con­nection with the local community, whose spiritual needs they serve. The author, based on the work of Taiwanese researchers and his own humble experience of field research in Taiwan, examines the social history of Taiwanese Daoism and characterizes its main currents. The article discusses the features of the Daoist tradition of Dao-fa er-men, the Lingbao lineage and the Chanhe lineage, as well as the social role of ritual masters fashi belonging to the “vernacular level” of the Taoist tradition, and grassroots spirit mediums tong-ki. As the results of modern research indicate, Taiwanese Daoism has many forms and historical variations, but it retains its social mission unchanged. The modern Taoist ritual­ists of Taiwan, first of all, ensure the normal functioning of the local social or­ganism, its unity and ethnocultural self-identification.
А Man in The Space of Digital Culture
Authors:   The State University of Management (SUM), Chernavin Yuriy A. , Barinova Galina V. ,   Russian University of Transport (MIIT)
Published: April 2023

In the article, amid the confrontation between the two main trends in the devel­opment of modern world’s civilization – humanism and technocracy – the inter­action of digital culture and man is considered. The basis of the analysis is the statement of the fundamental division of culture into digital and non-digital components. The content of the latter consists of phenomena and processes rep­resenting metaphysical dimensions of being, ideological and spiritual founda­tions, moral aspects of religions and arts. Taking into account such a division, a provision is being developed on the limits of both the digitalization of the cul­ture of society and the movement of a person towards acquiring the qualities of a “virtual”. The mechanisms of interaction between digital culture and person­ality are the changing content of the components that make up the structure of spiritual culture and are located at three levels – behavioral, ideological, ge­netic. Their generalized dynamics implements the way of functioning and de­velopment of the phenomenon of culture, which consists in the simultaneous development of innovations and the support of traditions. At the same time, the emergence of innovations is mainly associated with the transformation of be­havioral and ideological layers that actively respond to the impact of cyberspace, and the maintenance of traditions is mainly due to the peculiarities of the content and development of the genetic layer.
Ideology and War
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia), Blucher Fedor N.
Published: April 2023

The article explores the discursive means of expressing ideologies. It is postu­lated that a person in the conditions of a changing political situation is at the same time able to hide his ideological preferences, but find means to express them. A distinction is made between the use of rational constructs, which is changed under the influence of political conjuncture, and an emotionally colored assessment of facts. It is argued that ideology is more often transmitted through emotionally expressed communication. The concepts of “quasi-science” and “quasi-religion” are introduced, which complete the completeness of the ideo­logical discourse in the communicative space. A formal method is introduced to identify four modern ideologies. It is fixed that the main goal of ideology is to encourage joint social action. The conditions under which the change of ideo­logical constructs takes place are described. The ideas about the ideology of modern Russian politicians are analyzed. It is shown how the ideological support of a special military operation changes during the year. Conclusions are drawn about the dependence of the concept of war on the social stratum of a person in modern Russian society.
Ideology and Reality: the Historiosophical Myth by P. Florensky and L. Leonov
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia), Bezmenshchikov Artyom E.
Published: April 2023

The report examines the impact of ideology on historiosophy on the example of the works of P. Florensky and L. Leonov. Both authors explore a human person in the conditions of a totally ideologized social reality, as a consequence of this reality. But at the same time, both authors also come to the conclusion that the metaphysically and metaphorically meaningful experience of their perception of this human person influences and even literally turns over that meaning image of a human person as a precondition for this reality. The meta­morphosis of their contemporary against the backdrop of great historical catastrophes and seemingly historically legitimate dictatorships turns the hero of the historiosophical myth into an anti-hero, and this anti-hero into a new and perhaps the last beginning of the last myth. For both authors, the contemporary is at the same time the source, product and victim of self-hypnosis, which has gained a doctrinal-religious form of ideology. And if Florensky reformats only the national myth, leaving opportunities for positive teleology in negative historiosophy, then Leonov, as it seems, sees its only true version in the negative historiosophy of the international myth.
A causal role for the parietal cortex in ambiguity computations in humans
Authors: Valdebenito-Oyarzo Gabriela ,   María Paz Martínez-Molina1, Soto-Icaza Patricia , Zamorano Francisco , Figueroa-Vargas Alejandra , Larraín-Valenzuela Josefina , Stecher Ximena , Salinas César , Valero-Cabré Antonie , Polania Rafael , Billeke Pablo , Bustin Julian
Published: April 2023

Humans often face the challenge of making decisions between ambiguous options. The level of ambiguity in decision-making has been linked to activity in the parietal cortex, but its exact computational role remains elusive. To test the hypothesis that the parietal cortex plays a causal role in computing ambiguous probabilities, we conducted consecutive fMRI and TMS-EEG studies. We found that participants assigned unknown probabilities to objective probabilities, elevating the uncertainty of their decisions. Parietal cortex activity correlated with both the objective degree of ambiguity and a process that underestimates the uncertainty during decision-making. Conversely, the midcingulate cortex encodes prediction errors and increases its connectivity with the parietal cortex during outcome processing. Disruption of the parietal activity increased the uncertainty evaluation of the options, decreasing cingulate cortex oscillations during outcome evaluation. These results provide evidence for a causal role of the parietal cortex in computing uncertainty during ambiguous decisions made by humans.
Global dynamics of a non-smooth SIV system with uncertain effective vaccine protection rate
Authors: Wang Dongshu , Luo Shifan , Li Wenxiu
Published: April 2023

We analyze a class of SIV system considering effective vaccine protection and protective measures, in which the effective vaccine protection rate is represented by a piecewise-smooth function. This piecewise function is composed of three segments. When the number of infected people exceeds a set threshold, the effective vaccine protection rate is increased based on the first paragraph. To further increase the effective vaccine protection rate to 1, we should take into account not only the influence of the number of infected people, but also the diagonal dividing line of the interaction between the number of infected people and that of vaccinated people. We analyze the global dynamical behavior of the SIV system using the discontinuous differential equation theory, Filippov convex method and other methods, and the theoretical results could provide recommendations for vaccination. Then, in order to achieve the best vaccine protection effect, we analyze the selection of the threshold and the two values of the vaccination effective protection rate using numerical simulation.
A systematic review: On the mercaptoacid metabolites of acrylamide, N-Acetyl-S-(2- carbamoylethyl)-L-cysteine.
Authors: Zhao Fang-Fang , Wang Xiao-Li , Lei Ya-Ting , Li Hong-Qiu , Li Zhi-Ming , Hao Xiao-Xiao , Ma Wei-Wei , Wu Yong-Hui , Wang Sheng-Yuan
Published: April 2023

Acrylamide is widely found in various types of fried foods and cigarettes, and is not only neurotoxic and carcinogenic, but also has many potential toxic effects. The current assessment of acrylamide intake through dietary questionnaires is confounded by a variety of factors, which poses limitations to safety assessment. In this review, we focus on the levels of AAMA, the urinary metabolite of acrylamide in humans, and its association with other diseases, and discuss the current research gaps in AAMA and the future needs. We reviewed a total of 25 studies from eight countries. In the general population, urinary AAMA levels were higher in smokers than in nonsmokers, and higher in children than in adults; the highest levels of AAMA were found in the population from Spain compared with the general population from other countries. In addition, AAMA is associated with several diseases, especially cardiovascular system diseases. Therefore, AAMA, as a biomarker of internal human exposure, can reflect acrylamide intake in the short term, which is of great significance for tracing acrylamide-containing foods and setting the allowable intake of acrylamide in foods.
Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Antibiotic Treatment and Appendectomy for Acute Uncomplicated Appendicitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Hongxia , Yang Shaohui , Xing Jiankun , Wang Yan , Sun Weiqiang , Rong Lingyan , liu Huihui
Published: April 2023

Objective
This meta-analysis compared antibiotic treatment with appendectomy for uncomplicated appendicitis.
Methods
We searched Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of science, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang for randomized controlled studies comparing appendectomy with antibiotic treatment for uncomplicated acute appendicitis. The primary outcome included complication-free treatment success at 1 year, complications, surgical complications, and the complicated appendicitis rates. Secondary outcomes included negative appendicitis, length of hospital stay, the quality of life at 1 month, and the impact of an appendicolith on antibiotic therapy.
Results
12 randomized controlled studies were included. Compared with surgery group, the antibiotic group decrease the complication-free treatment success at 1 year (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.73–0.91; z = 3.65;p = 0.000). Statistically significance of the complications between antibiotic group and surgical group with both surgical types(open and laparoscopic) (RR 0.43; 95% CI 0.31–0.58; P = 0.000;z = 5.36), but no between the antibiotic treatment and laparoscopic surgery (RR 0.72; 95% CI 0.41–1.24; z = 1.19;P = 0.236).There was no statistically significant differences between two groups of surgical complications(RR 1.38; 95% CI 0.70–2.73; z = 0.93;p = 0.353), the complicated appendicitis rate(RR 0.71; 95% CI 0.36–1.42; z = 0.96;p = 0.338), negative appendicectomy rate(RR 1.11; 95% CI 0.69–1.79; z = 0.43; p = 0.670), duration of hospital stay(SMD 0.08;95%CI -0.11-0.27; z = 0.80; p = 0.422), and quality of life at 1 month (SMD 0.09; 95%CI -0.03-0.20; z = 1.53; p = 0.127). However, in the antibiotic treatment group, appendicolith rates were statistically higher in those whose symptoms did not improve (RR 2.94; 95% CI 1.28–6.74; z = 2.55;p = 0.011).
Conclusions
Although the cure rate of antibiotics is lower than surgery, antibiotic treatment is still a reasonable option for patients with uncomplicated acute appendicitis who do not want surgery without having to worry about complications or complicating the original illness.
Determination of Free Charge Carrier Luminescence and quasi-Fermi Level Separation in Organic Solar Cells via Transient Photoluminescence Measurements
Authors: List Mathias , Faisst Jared , Heinz Friedemann , Würfel Uli
Published: April 2023

The detection of photoluminescence (PL) is extremely useful as it provides direct information about the free charge carrier densities and the separation of the quasi-Fermi levels ΔEF. However, for organic solar cells the PL is strongly dominated by photogenerated excitons. To overcome this severe limitation, a new approach was developed which allows, to the best of our knowledge for the first time, disentangling the luminescence stemming from photogenerated excitons from the one originating from free charge carriers. Due to the large difference in the respective lifetimes – for photogenerated excitons it is ≤ ns whereas for free charge carriers it is in the µs-range – this is achieved by time-resolved PL measurements. It is found that ΔEF determined from these PL transients matches perfectly with the electrical voltage of the solar cells. Moreover, our new method also allows the determination of ΔEF from mere absorber films without electrodes.