bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The suitability and carrying capacity analysis of the mangrove ecosystem to support ecotourism in the Paljaya mangrove restoration and learning center, Bekasi Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Faubiany Varenna , Rahmania Rinny , Suharti Sri , Karlina Endang , Yeny Irma , Ihrami Rahmila Yulizar
Published: January 2024

One of the ecosystem services provided by the mangrove ecosystem is cultural service, which provides the benefits of recreation, aesthetics, and spirituality. The utilization of mangrove ecosystems, which can preserve and maintain the ecosystem, is through scientific research, education, and ecotourism. Ecotourism is a tourist activity that can Support the sustainability of using natural resources because it prioritizes natural resources over tourist facilities. This research aims to determine mangrove ecosystems’ suitability and carrying capacity for developing mangrove ecotourism. It was conducted from August until September 2022 at the Paljaya Mangrove Restoration and Learning Centre (MRLC), Segarajaya Village, Bekasi Regency. Data analysis was performed using the Tourism Suitability Index (TSI) and an assessment of the Carrying Capacity of the Region (CCR) to ensure the maximum capacity of the MRLC area in accommodating visitors at a particular time. The TSI value obtained from this study is 2.09 and is included in the Suitable category for ecotourism development. The length of the bridge for the mangrove tracking area is 230 m, with the area’s carrying capacity being 37 people/day. Therefore, recommendations that can be made in policy making are to increase mangrove planting activities and maintain mangrove sustainability.
Rapid Assessment for Emergency Infrastructures in Responding Flood related to Mining Activity: Case Study of Banjarasri and Kedungbanteng Flood, Sidoarjo, Indonesia
Authors: Pamungkas Adjie , Elysiyah Ita , Mahardhika Gita Rama , Mauludya Yanwa Evia Java , Rahmawati Dian , Wahyuni Santi
Published: January 2024

Flooding has become the most frequent and impactful disaster events in the Indonesian cities. The Indonesian disaster board also noted that flood events has increasing pattern for today and future time. One of the strategic ways to decrease the impact of flooding is delivering the emergency infrastructures to the needs immediately. The faster delivery makes less impact of disaster events. Therefore, this paper synthesizes a rapid model of assessment from the full assessment of emergency infrastructure need in Sidoarjo Flooding 2020. During the synthesize, the model can reduce duration of assessment from 148 days to four days only. Within the time, eight main steps include finding relevant emergency infrastructures, determining emergency infrastructures needed, assessing emergency infrastructures needed and confirming the actual emergency infrastructure needed. Those eight steps should be taken by encouraging more FGD and in-depth interviews for key relevant stakeholders, guided by specific checklist and filling the gap forms. Strict forms and guidelines provided to help the process in achieving four days assessment period. Consequently, the authorities can use the output assessment for emergency infrastructure program delivery starting from the fifth days after the events.
Shoreline change model after artificial reefs deployment in Tlangoh, Bangkalan, Madura
Authors: Armono Haryo D. , Citrosiswoyo Wahyudi , Muzaki Farid K.
Published: January 2024

Fifteen hexagonal artificial reefs were placed on Tlangoh Beach, Bangkalan, Madura Island, in 2022. The reefs have been planned to reduce shoreline erosion that has been occurring in this location since 2020. Pertamina Hulu Energy – West Madura Offshore (PHE – WMO) will deploy more artificial reefs in their CSR (company social responsibility) program. The effect of the artificial reefs on reducing shoreline erosion was usually observed by the change of morphology and shoreline in the study area. The study of shoreline change has gained significant attention due to its substantial impact on coastal environments. Understanding the dynamics of shoreline alteration is crucial for managing and planning coastal development and preserving coastal ecosystems such as artificial reef deployment. Scientists and researchers have developed a generalized shoreline change model called GENESIS to aid in this understanding. This software provides a valuable tool for predicting and analysing coastal erosion and accretion patterns. This paper discusses the shoreline change model in Tlangoh Beach, Bangkalan Madura, after deploying artificial reefs using GENESIS software. The model shows that the length of the artificial reef layout influences the developed shoreline. The longer the reef placement, the more sediment accumulates in the study area
The Application of Business Partnerships in The Modern Retail Market in Helping the Continuity of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises After the Pandemic Covid-19 in Sibolga City
Authors: Mardi Rina Walmiaty , Siregar Indra , Asmalidar
Published: January 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic that occurred in 2022-2022 has had a huge effect on various sectors of human life. The economic sector is one of the sectors that are very largely affected. In the last 2022 study, researchers have conducted research on the business model of partnership relationships between modern retail businesses and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Medan City. The goal is to find a form of mutually beneficial partnership between modern retail businesses and MSME players in an effort to maintain MSME business continuity. The result obtained is the need for ease of partnership requirements, flexible payment systems, and fulfillment of goods supply standards. This PTPI theme research pilots the application of the partnership model between MSMEs and retail businesses after the COVID-19 pandemic as a result of previous research conducted in Medan City to Sibolga City. After the implementation, an evaluation was carried out through the questionnaire method and also interviews with MSMEs and modern retail businesses in Sibolga City. The questionnaire is used to measure the level of satisfaction, using the Customer Satisfaction Score (CSAT) model. The results of the questionnaire and interviews were discussed in the Forum Group Discussion (FGD) to see the suitability of the partnership relationship model between MSMEs and modern retail businesses in Sibolga City which was the result of previous research in Medan City. The results of the research and FGD show that the MSME partnership relationship that applies in Medan City is also suitable to be applied in Sibolga City.
The depressed river mussel Pseudanodonta complanata as an occasional host for the European bitterling Rhodeus amarus
Authors: Halabowski Dariusz , Reichard Martin , Pyrzanowski Kacper , Zięba Grzegorz , Grabowska Joanna , Smith Carl , Przybylski Mirosław
Published: January 2024

This study explores the utilisation of European freshwater mussels as hosts by the European bitterling (Rhodeus amarus) at their current sympatric occurrence range. Our study confirms Pseudanodonta complanata as a suitable, occasional host for bitterling. The spawning relationship of R. amarus with freshwater mussels has physiological costs for the hosts, leading to resource competition and potential negative effects on host fertility. Further research is needed to assess the dynamics of host-parasite interactions, mussel adaptations to prevent parasitism, and the consequences of the bitterling recent and possible future expansion in Europe for mussel populations.
Kompressionstherapie bei entzündlichen Dermatosen der Beine
Authors: Dissemond Joachim , Eder Stephan , Läuchli Severin , Protz Kerstin , Traber Jürg , Stücker Markus
Published: January 2024

Es gibt zunehmend wissenschaftlich belegte Hinweise darauf, dass entzündliche Dermatosen der Beine neben venösen und lymphatischen Krankheitsbildern Indikationen für Kompressionstherapie sind. Konkret sind es Erkrankungen, wie Pyoderma gangraenosum, Livedovaskulopathie, kutane Vaskulitiden, Necrobiosis lipoidica, Psoriasis oder Erysipel, bei denen eine begleitende Kompressionstherapie bei einer Manifestation an den unteren Extremitäten durchgeführt werden kann. Wenn entzündliche Dermatosen mit einem Ödem einhergehen, handelt es sich bei der Kompressionstherapie nicht um einen Off-Label-Use. Insbesondere aufgrund der oft problematischen Schmerzsymptomatik kann gerade bei entzündlichen Dermatosen die Kompressionstherapie mit niedrigen Ruhedruckwerten um 20 mmHg durchgeführt werden.

In diesem Übersichtsbeitrag werden die aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Aspekte der Kompressionstherapie bei entzündlichen Dermatosen der Beine und die entsprechenden Limitationen differenziert dargestellt.
Ethische Haltungen und Umgang in pränatalen
Konfliktsituationen – eine Umfrage unter Geburtshelfern und
Pränataldiagnostikern in Deutschland
Authors: Schneider Katja , Müller Johanna , Tissen-Diabaté Tatjana , Schleußner Ekkehard
Published: January 2024

Hintergrund Verschiedene Studien haben gezeigt, dass die
Zugehörigkeit zu einer Berufsgruppe Einfluss auf ethische Einstellungen
hat. Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es, die Haltung und Vorgehensweise von
Geburtshelfern und Pränataldiagnostikern in perinatologischen
Konfliktsituationen zu erfassen und zu vergleichen.

Methoden Explorative
Querschnittsstudie anhand einer online Befragung unter deutschen
Perinatalzentren Level I und Pränataldiagnostikern mit DEGUM-Level
II/III. Erfragt wurden ethische Grundeinstellungen im perinatologischen
Kontext sowie die Fallvignette eines fetalen hypoplastischen Linksherzsyndromes.

Ergebnisse Die Antwortrate betrug 57,1% (310/543).
55% der Befragten waren sowohl geburtshilflich als auch
pränataldiagnostisch, 24,5% ausschließlich
pränataldiagnostisch und 14,2% rein geburtshilflich
tätig. 27% stimmten der Aussage zu „Eine ungewisse
Prognose rechtfertigt einen Schwangerschaftsabbruch“, wobei
Pränataldiagnostiker diese Ansicht deutlich häufiger teilten als
Geburtshelfer. Eine gemeinsame interdisziplinäre Beratung bei einer
komplexen fetalen Fehlbildung befürworteten 98,3%. Im Falle
eines hypoplastischen Linksherzsyndroms würden 84,3% aller
Befragten die Option einer postnatal palliativen Behandlung ansprechen,
während einen Fetozid 57,7% der Pränataldiagnostiker,
aber nur 34,1% der Geburtshelfer mit den Eltern diskutieren
würden.

Zusammenfassung
Eine interdisziplinäre
pränatale Elternberatung bei komplexen fetalen Fehlbildungen wird von
nahezu allen Pränataldiagnostikern und Geburtshelfern in Deutschland
befürwortet. Zwischen den Spezialisten zeigen sich jedoch
unterschiedliche Haltungen bezüglich der Optionen einer
Schwangerschaftsbeendigung.
Factors Associated with Respiratory Insufficiency in Children with Guillain–Barré Syndrome
Authors: Sun Rui-di , Jiang Jun , Deng Xiao-long
Published: January 2024

Objective The risk factors for respiratory insufficiency in children with Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) are poorly known. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with respiratory insufficiency in children with GBS.

Methods This retrospective study included children diagnosed with GBS by pediatric neurologists and admitted at the Wuhan Children's Hospital and other hospitals from January 2013 to October 2022. The patients were divided into the respiratory insufficiency and nonrespiratory insufficiency groups according to whether they received assist breathing during treatment.

Results The median (interquartile range) age of onset of 103 patients were 5 (3.1–8.5) years, 69 (67%) were male, and 64 (62.1%) had a history of precursor infection. Compared with the nonrespiratory insufficiency group, the respiratory insufficiency group showed more facial and/or bulbar weakness (p = 0.002), a higher Hughes Functional Grading Scale (HFGS) at admission (p < 0.001), and a shorter onset-to-admission interval (p = 0.017). Compared with the acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) subtype, the acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) subtype showed longer days from onset to lumbar (p = 0.000), lower HFGS at admission (p = 0.04), longer onset-to-admission interval (p = 0.001), and more cranial nerve involvement (p = 0.04). The incidence of respiratory insufficiency between AIDP and AMAN showed no statistical difference (p > 0.05).

Conclusion In conclusion, facial and/or bulbar weakness, HFGS at admission, and onset-to-admission interval were associated with respiratory insufficiency and might be useful prognostic markers in children with GBS.
Value of 18F-FDG PET/CT to Identify Occult Infection in Presumed Aseptic Pseudarthrosis after Spinal Fusion: Correlation with Intraoperative Cultures
Authors: El Yaagoubi Yacine , Lioret Eric , Thomas Clément , Loret Jean-Edouard , Simonneau Adrien , Michaud-Robert Anne-Victoire , Philippe Laurent , Ogielska Maja , Prunier-Aesch Caroline
Published: January 2024

Objective Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has gained attention as an emerging tool in case of suspicion of infection on spine, whether native or instrumented. However, the diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG PET/CT in clinically occult low-grade surgical site infection (SSI) after spinal fusion, an important risk factor for pseudarthrosis, remains unknown.

Methods We retrospectively identified all the presumed aseptic patients with pseudarthrosis confirmed by revision surgery who underwent preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT scans performed between April 2019 and November 2022. These patients were presumed aseptic because they did not have clinical signs or laboratory tests suggestive of SSI, preoperatively. The PET/CT images were analyzed in consensus by two nuclear medicine physicians blinded to the clinical, biological, and imaging information. Visual assessment of increased uptake around cage/intervertebral disk space (and/or hardware) higher than background recorded from the first normal adjacent vertebra was interpreted as positive. Image data were also quantitatively analyzed by the maximum standardized uptake value as an index of 18F-FDG uptake, and the ratio between the uptake around cage/intervertebral disk space (and/or hardware) and background recorded from the first normal adjacent vertebra was calculated. The final diagnosis of infection was based on intraoperative cultures obtained during pseudarthrosis revision surgery.

Results Thirty-six presumed aseptic patients with surgically confirmed pseudarthrosis after spinal fusion underwent preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT scans. Cultures of samples from revisions found that 20 patients (56%) were infected. The most frequent isolated bacterium was Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) in 15 patients (75%), followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) in 7 patients (33%). Two patients had co-infections involving both C. acnes and CNS. Of the 36 PET/CT studied in this study, 12 scans were true-negative, 10 true-positive, 10 false-negative, and 4 false-positive. This resulted in sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of 50%, 75%, 71%, 55%, and 61%, respectively.

Conclusion In presumed aseptic pseudarthrosis after spinal fusion, 18F-FDG PET/CT offers good specificity (75%) but low sensitivity (50%) to identify occult SSI. The high prevalence (56%) of SSI, mostly caused by C. acnes (75%), found in our presumed aseptic cohort of patients supports the utility of systematic intraoperative cultures in revision cases for pseudarthrosis.
Development of carbon finance in China based on the hybrid MCDM method
Authors: Wu Shiyi , Niu Rui
Published: January 2024

As development progresses over time and changes in the environment take place, carbon finance development has become a very interesting research topic for many scholars worldwide. This paper proposes a hybrid MCDM method that combines the distance solutions of the TOPSIS and VIKOR methods. The contribution of this paper combines TOPSIS and VIKOR, incorporating AISM models to obtain the development ranking of Chinese carbon finance pilot cities as related to the Chinese carbon finance development pilot provinces and cities. The conclusion notes that Guangdong and Beijing are the most preferred investment locations for carbon investors. In addition, technological innovation, financial sector development, and an active ETS market can effectively drive the level of local carbon finance. Additionally, the MCDM methodology in this paper provides new ideas in environmental and economic development assessment.
Effect of teacher social support on students’ emotions and learning engagement: a U.S.-Chinese classroom investigation
Authors: Jia Moyi , Cheng Jiuqing
Published: January 2024

Psychological and instructional communication researchers increasingly recognize the significance of student emotions in determining their engagement in the classroom. Under the direction of Emotional Response Theory (Mottet, Frymier, & Beebe, 2006), this study aims to establish a model of a college instructor’s social support, student positive and negative emotions, and student engagement in learning. It also attempts to extend this research by examining cultural differences in U.S. and Chinese classrooms and how these factors influence teacher behavior and student emotions. The result demonstrates the mediating effects of student positive emotions between teacher support and student engagement in both cultures. In addition, Chinese students show significantly more negative emotions toward their class, whereas U.S. students report more positive emotions and higher perceived network support from their teachers. Theoretical and practical contributions related to social support regarding student emotion and learning are discussed.
Designing a better atom interferometer for dark matter detection
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: January 2024

Detectors capable of sensing the multiple ways dark matter interacts with atoms could provide more insight into its mysterious makeup.
Resonant anomalous Hall effect in a ferromagnetic Weyl semimetal
Authors: Sheng Lutong , Zhang Yao , Wang Jinlong , Chen Peng , Hu Junfeng , Xia Jihao , Lan Guibin , Chen Jilei , Yu Kanglin , Zhang Yuelin , Han Xiufeng , Liu Song , Yu Dapeng , Granville Simon , Yu Haiming
Published: January 2024

The anomalous Hall effect (AHE) has been widely studied and is well-known in ferromagnetic metals. It is usually investigated in the static regime with the magnetization at equilibrium. In this work, we study the AHE in the dynamic regime where the magnetization is resonantly excited. The microwave-induced ac current and magnetization precession both at GHz frequencies can cooperatively generate a dc voltage. In conventional ferromagnets, this effect, dubbed as resonant AHE (RAHE), is often overwhelmed by other effects such as spin pumping and spin rectification induced by anisotropic magnetoresistance. Here, we observe the RAHE in Co2MnGa, a ferromagnetic Weyl semimetal. In this material, the RAHE dominates over other effects, as observed in angle-dependent measurements. The RAHE in Co2MnGa is an order of magnitude larger than in Permalloy, a conventional ferromagnet. This enhancement is induced by the Berry curvature in the topological band structure of Co2MnGa. The large RAHE demonstrated in this work provides a viable methodology to convert microwave signals into dc voltages for telecommunication applications.
The effects of carbon fiber surface treatment by oxidation process for enhanced mechanical properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composites for biomedical application
Authors: Roseno Seto , Ammarullah Muhammad Imam , Rohman Saeful , Kurniawati Fitri , Wahyudi Tatang , Wargadipura Agus Hadi Santosa , Masmui Masmui , Budiyanto Dwi , Effendi Mochammad Dachyar , Wahyudin Wahyudin , Kalembang Eryanti , Hernawan Hernawan , Subari Subari , Habibie Sudirman , Simanjuntak Tarida Priskila Hasian , Santoso Heru , Ahmad Ahmad , Juwono Ariadne Laksmidevi
Published: January 2024

In this research, the production of carbon fiber composite (CFC) with epoxy resin was carried out for biomedical application. The surface of the carbon fibers was previously oxidized with concentrated nitric acid at a temperature of 100 °C for 30–120 min to create a rough surface impression on the carbon fibers to enhance interfacial bonding in the composite, increase surface area, and reduce surface tension. The carbon fiber/epoxy composite was fabricated using the vacuum assisted resin infusion method. Characterization of the oxidized carbon fibers and the composite products was performed using a digital microscope, scanning electron microscope, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis. FTIR analysis results indicated that the carbon fiber oxidation process introduced new chemical functional groups, such as –CN and –CO groups. Mechanical characterizations included tensile testing of non-oxidized and oxidized carbon fiber and tensile testing of carbon fiber/epoxy composite. The results showed that the composite formed from oxidized carbon fibers/epoxy resin exhibited higher tensile strength compared to non-oxidized CFC. The longer the carbon fiber oxidation process, the higher the tensile strength values obtained.
Effect of cubic and spherical quantum dot size and size dispersion on the performance of quantum dot solar cells
Authors: Gatissa Tewodros Adaro , Debela Teshome Senbeta , Ali Belayneh Mesfin
Published: January 2024

We investigated the effect of cubic and spherical quantum dot size and size dispersion (size non-uniformity) on the absorption coefficient of a quantum dot ensemble. The absorption spectra of the cubic and spherical quantum dots (QDs) ensemble are found to be strongly dependent on the average size of QDs and the size distribution of QDs. Furthermore, we studied the effect of cubic and spherical quantum dot size and size dispersion on the QD photocurrent and efficiency of quantum dot solar cells (QDSCs). It is observed that there is an optimum size and size dispersion of QDs to achieve maximum QD photocurrent and efficiency. Embedding InAs QDs into the intrinsic region of a GaAs n-i-p solar cell improves performance from 20.3% to an ideal maximum of 34.4% (QDSC with cubic QD ensembles) and 36.5% (QDSC with spherical QD ensembles). The result shows that spherical morphology is better than cubic morphology. This theoretical study demonstrates that to achieve the highest possible power conversion efficiency, a suitable QD shape, optimized QD size, and size dispersion must be selected.
Complement receptor 1 is the human erythrocyte receptor for
Plasmodium vivax
erythrocyte binding protein
Authors: Lee Seong-Kyun , Crosnier Cécile , Valenzuela-Leon Paola Carolina , Dizon Brian L. P. , Atkinson John P. , Mu Jianbing , Wright Gavin J. , Calvo Eric , Gunalan Karthigayan , Miller Louis H.
Published: January 2024

The discovery that Africans were resistant to infection by
Plasmodium vivax
(
P. vivax
) led to the conclusion that
P. vivax
invasion relied on the
P. vivax
Duffy Binding Protein (PvDBP) interacting with the Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines (DARC) expressed on erythrocytes. However, the recent reporting of
P. vivax
infections in DARC-negative Africans suggests that the parasite might use an alternate invasion pathway to infect DARC-negative reticulocytes. To identify the parasite ligands and erythrocyte receptors that enable
P. vivax
invasion of both DARC-positive and -negative erythrocytes, we expressed region II containing the Duffy Binding-Like (DBL) domain of
P. vivax
erythrocyte binding protein (PvEBP-RII) and verified that the DBL domain binds to both DARC-positive and -negative erythrocytes. Furthermore, an AVidity-based EXtracelluar Interaction Screening (AVEXIS) was used to identify the receptor for PvEBP among over 750 human cell surface receptor proteins, and this approach identified only Complement Receptor 1 (CR1, CD35, or C3b/C4b receptor) as a PvEBP receptor. CR1 is a well-known receptor for
P. falciparum
Reticulocyte binding protein Homology 4 (PfRh4) and is present on the surfaces of both reticulocytes and normocytes, but its expression decreases as erythrocytes age. Indeed, PvEBP-RII bound to a subpopulation of both reticulocytes and normocytes, and this binding was blocked by the addition of soluble CR1 recombinant protein, indicating that CR1 is the receptor of PvEBP. In addition, we found that the Long Homology Repeat A (LHR-A) subdomain of CR1 is the only subdomain responsible for mediating the interaction with PvEBP-RII.
Intratumor injected gold molecular clusters for NIR-II imaging and cancer therapy
Authors: Baghdasaryan Ani , Liu Haoran , Ren Fuqiang , Hsu RuSiou , Jiang Yingying , Wang Feifei , Zhang Mengzhen , Grigoryan Lilit , Dai Hongjie
Published: January 2024

Surgical resections of solid tumors guided by visual inspection of tumor margins have been performed for over a century to treat cancer. Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence labeling/imaging of tumor in the NIR-I (800 to 900 nm) range with systemically administrated fluorophore/tumor-targeting antibody conjugates have been introduced to improve tumor margin delineation, tumor removal accuracy, and patient survival. Here, we show Au
25
molecular clusters functionalized with phosphorylcholine ligands (AuPC, ~2 nm in size) as a preclinical intratumorally injectable agent for NIR-II/SWIR (1,000 to 3,000 nm) fluorescence imaging-guided tumor resection. The AuPC clusters were found to be uniformly distributed in the 4T1 murine breast cancer tumor upon intratumor (i.t.) injection. The phosphocholine coating afforded highly stealth clusters, allowing a high percentage of AuPC to fill the tumor interstitial fluid space homogeneously. Intra-operative surgical navigation guided by imaging of the NIR-II fluorescence of AuPC allowed for complete and non-excessive tumor resection. The AuPC in tumors were also employed as a photothermal therapy (PTT) agent to uniformly heat up and eradicate tumors. Further, we performed in vivo NIR-IIb (1,500 to 1,700 nm) molecular imaging of the treated tumor using a quantum dot-Annexin V (QD-P
3
-Anx V) conjugate, revealing cancer cell apoptosis following PTT. The therapeutic functionalities of AuPC clusters combined with rapid renal excretion, high biocompatibility, and safety make them promising for clinical translation.
DOG and CAT proverbs
Authors: Lai Huei-ling , Hsu Hsiao-Ling
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the cognitive operations and cultural constraints in DOG and CAT proverbs in Taiwan Hakka
and English. For understanding and interpreting proverbs, the target themes are categorized into fundamental human virtues, and
the cognitive operations are exhaustively examined by Conceptual Blending Theory. It is found that temperance and humanity are the
most prevalent virtues profiled in Taiwan Hakka, while wisdom and knowledge are the most dominant ones in English. The analysis
explicates that Conceptual Blending Theory can serve as a universally explanatory model, and at the same time, contextual and
cultural factors play crucial roles in providing parametric constraints for the use and creation of proverbs.
Forging Social Identity: The Making of a Destination – A Case of the Bullet Baba Shrine in Marwar, Rajasthan, India
Authors: Porya Abhisek , Mishra Sweety , Sunayana  , Chowdhary Nimit
Published: January 2024

The Om Banna Temple (also called the Bullet Baba Temple) is a remarkable site in Rajasthan’s arid Pali district. It defies traditional spiritual norms, merging supernatural tales with the world of motorcycle enthusiasts and explorers. The temple honours Om Banna, a local deity and guardian for bikers. Om’s story began with a tragic motorcycle accident in 1988, after which his motorcycle mysteriously reappeared at the accident site, defying explanation. This phenomenon led to the temple’s creation, representing a belief in a protective force residing in Om’s bike. This temple’s popularity has grown, becoming an iconic and unconventional tourist attraction. Travellers from various backgrounds are drawn to its unique blend of spirituality and reverence for motorcycles. The temple signifies faith, protection, and an extraordinary connection to humanity. The case study explores cultural exchange in tourism, where visitors engage with the temple’s rituals and stories, leading to mutual learning between tourists and locals. Social Identity Theory is applied to show how both groups develop distinct identities shaped by factors like nationality and interests and how these identities influence their interactions. The temple’s identity is built on uniqueness, storytelling, emotional connection, word-of-mouth marketing, niche appeal, protective symbolism, and cultural interaction. This captivating identity attracts diverse visitors, from motorcycle enthusiasts to those seeking cultural immersion, turning the temple into an unforgettable and unconventional destination that bridges spirituality, identity, and shared experiences.

Information

© The Authors 2024
Sustainable Hiking through the Green Trails: Examples of Exceptional Responsible Practices
Authors: Anjusha P.P. , Thomas Toney K.
Published: January 2024

‘Indiahikes’ is a leading trek team in India, leaving a thoughtful impact on the trekkers as well as the mountains. Through different initiatives for sustainability, and their iconic eco bags, the company leaves the mountains better than they found them. The mission titled Green Trail Initiative focuses on green ways of trekking. Over the years, the programme collected over 100 tonnes of litter from the trails and disposed of it through proper segregation methods. Working with sustainability at its core, the green trail focuses on the six golden practices of green sweeping,

1

segregation at source, food composting, bio-toilets, and saving water and energy. This study addresses this exceptional case as an example of stakeholder initiative towards effective sustainable practices of destination management. The trekkers are an important aspect of the study, they collect waste and follow eco-sensitive practices at the camp sites. The act has a significant impact on the travel behaviour of trekkers by transforming them into environmentally responsible travellers. As an exceptional initiative for the mountain travel system, the act of creating green trails sets ideal guidelines for various trek companies to follow.

Information

© The Authors 2024
Magnon bands in pyrochlore slabs with Heisenberg exchange and anisotropies
Authors: Jyothis V V , Patra Bibhabasu , Chandra V Ravi
Published: January 2024

The pyrochlore lattice is a versatile venue to probe the properties of magnetically ordered states induced or perturbed by anisotropic terms like the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions or single-ion anisotropy. Several such ordered states have been investigated recently as precursors of topological magnons and the associated surface states. In parallel, there has been recent progress in growing thin films of magnetic materials with this lattice structure along high symmetry directions of the lattice. In both cases, an account of the magnetic excitations of relevant Hamiltonians for finite slabs is a necessary step in the analysis of the physics of these systems. While the analysis of bulk magnons for these systems is quite common, a direct evaluation of the magnon spectra in the slab geometry, though required, is less frequently encountered. We study here magnon bands in the slab geometry for a class of spin models on the pyrochlore lattice with Heisenberg exchange, Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction and spin-ice anisotropy. For a range of model parameters, for both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic exchange, we compute the classical ground states for different slab orientations and determine the spin wave excitations above them. We analyze the ferromagnetic splay phase, the all-in-all-out (AIAO) phase and a coplanar phase and evaluate magnon dispersions for slabs oriented perpendicular to the [111], [100] and [110] directions. For all the phases considered, depending on the slab orientation, magnon band structures can be non-reciprocal and we highlight the differences in the three orientations from this point-of-view. Finally, we present details of the surface localized magnons for all the three slab orientations in the phases we study. For the ferromagnetic splay phase and the AIAO phase we analyze surface states associated with point degeneracies or nodal lines in the bulk spectrum by computing the magnonic Berry curvature and Weyl charges or Chern numbers associated with it.
Development and optimisation of grid inserts for a preclinical radiotherapy system and corresponding Monte Carlo beam simulations
Authors: Fisk Marcus , Rowshanfarzad Pejman , Pfefferlé David , Fernandez de Viana Matthew , Cabrera Julian , Ebert Martin A
Published: January 2024

Objective. To develop a physical grid collimator compatible with the X-RAD preclinical radiotherapy system and create a corresponding Monte Carlo (MC) model. Approach. This work presents a methodology for the fabrication of a grid collimator designed for utilisation on the X-RAD preclinical radiotherapy system. Additionally, a MC simulation of the grid is developed, which is compatible with the X-RAD treatment planning system. The grid was manufactured by casting a low melting point alloy, cerrobend, into a silicone mould. The silicone was moulded around a 3D-printed replica of the grid, enabling the production of diverging holes with precise radii and spacing. A MC simulation was conducted on an equivalent 3D grid model and validated using 11 layers of GAFChromic EBT-3 film interspersed in a 3D-printed water-equivalent phantom. A 3D dose distribution was constructed from the film layers, enabling a direct comparison with the MC Simulation. Main results. The film and the MC dose distribution demonstrated a gamma passing rate of 99% for a 1%, 0.5 mm criteria with a 10% threshold applied. The peak-to-valley dose ratio and output factor at the surface were determined to be 20.4 and 0.79, respectively. Significance. The pairing of the grid collimator with a MC simulation can significantly enhance the practicality of grid therapy on the X-RAD. This combination enables further exploration of the biological implications of grid therapy, supported by a knowledge of the complex dose distributions. Moreover, this methodology can be adapted for use in other systems and scenarios.
Probing stochastic gravitational wave background from SU(5) × U(1)χ strings in light of NANOGrav 15-year data
Authors: Ahmed Waqas , Rehman Mansoor Ur , Zubair Umer
Published: January 2024

A realistic model of SU(5) × U(1)χ, embedded in SO(10) supersymmetric grand
unified theory, is investigated for the emergence of a metastable cosmic string network. This
network eventually decays via the Schwinger production of monopole-antimonopole pairs,
subsequently generating a stochastic gravitational wave background that is compatible with the
NANOGrav 15-year data. In order to avoid the monopole problem in the breaking of both SO(10) and
SU(5), a non-minimal Higgs inflation scenario is incorporated. The radiative breaking of the
U(1)χ symmetry at a slightly lower scale plays a pivotal role in aligning the string
tension parameter with the observable range. The resultant gravitational wave spectrum not only
accounts for the signal observed in the most recent pulsar timing array (PTA) experiments but is
also accessible to both current and future ground-based and space-based experiments.
Switchable hidden spin polarization and negative Poisson's ratio in two-dimensional antiferroelectric wurtzite crystals
Authors: Ma Zhuang , Jiang Jingwen , Wang Gui , Zhang Peng , Sun Yiling , Qian Zhengfang , Zheng Jiaxin , Xiong Wen , Wang Fei , Zhang Xiuwen , Huang Pu
Published: January 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) antiferroelectric materials have raised great research interest over the last decade. Here, we reveal a type of 2D antiferroelectric (AFE) crystal where the AFE polarization direction can be switched by a certain degree in the 2D plane. Such 2D functional materials are realized by stacking the exfoliated wurtzite (wz) monolayers with “self-healable” nature, which host strongly coupled ferroelasticity/antiferroelectricity and benign stability. The AFE candidates, i.e., ZnX and CdX (X = S, Se, Te), are all semiconductors with direct bandgap at Γ point, which harbors switchable antiferroelectricity and ferroelasticity with low transition barriers, hidden spin polarization, as well as giant in-plane negative Poisson's ratio (NPR), enabling the co-tunability of hidden spin characteristics and auxetic magnitudes via AFE switching. The 2D AFE wz crystals provide a platform to probe the interplay of 2D antiferroelectricity, ferroelasticity, NPR, and spin effects, shedding new light on the rich physics and device design in wz semiconductors.
Metallic melt transport across castellated tiles
Authors: Ratynskaia S. , Paschalidis K. , Krieger K. , Vignitchouk L. , Tolias P. , Balden M. , Faitsch M. , Rohde V. , Corre Y. , Pitts R.A. ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team,   the EUROfusion MST1 Team
Published: January 2024

In future fusion reactors, extended melt pools in combination with strong plasma-induced accelerations, suggest that the metallic melt could reach the gaps between castellated plasma-facing components, potentially accompanied by profound changes in their mechanical response. The first results of a combined experimental and modelling effort to elucidate the physics of melt transport across gaps are presented. Transient melting of specially designed tungsten samples featuring toroidal gaps has been achieved in ASDEX Upgrade providing direct evidence of gap bridging. Detailed modelling with the MEMENTO melt dynamics code is reported. Empirical evidence and simulations reveal that the presence of gaps can be safely ignored in macroscopic melt motion predictions as well as that the re-solidification limited melt spreading facilitates gap bridging and leads to poor melt attachment. The findings are discussed in the context of ITER and DEMO.
Analyzing The Influence of Diameter and Winding on Heat Transfer Efficiency in Spiral Tube Heat Exchangers: A CAD-Integrated CFD Study Using Solidworks Flow Simulation
Authors: Khairulmaini M. , Michael Z. , Hamid M. F. A. , Abidin N. A. Z. , Roslan A.
Published: January 2024

Spiral tube heat exchangers (STHE) are coiled metal devices with two fluid channels around a central core, enabling counterflow or parallel flow of gases, liquids, or both. Compared to traditional straight-tube heat exchangers, STHEs offer a larger heat transfer surface area. This study used Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation integrated with Computer Aided Design (CAD) to investigate STHE’s heat transfer performance. The STHE dimensions, a 12-mm copper tube, and a 10-inch PVC shell were adopted from a previous study. Cold and hot water at 20°C and 70°C flowed in parallel at specific flow rates. The objective was to explore the impact of STHE dimensions on heat transfer efficiency and performance. The parameters varied were the internal diameter of the copper tube and the number of spiral coil windings. Results revealed that changing the spiral heat exchanger’s diameter affected the heat transfer rate and coefficient. Larger diameters reduced efficiency due to lower flow velocities and convective heat transfer coefficients. The number of windings significantly affected heat transfer performance, with winding 5 demonstrating the highest rate and winding 7 showing the highest coefficient. CFD analysis reliability was validated by convergence with analytical solutions for heat transfer simulations with varying diameters and windings.
Investigation of the Effect of Coupling Agent on the Properties of Kenaf Fiber/Polypropylene Composites
Authors: Zaki S.Z.S.M. , Salim N. , Bakar N.H.A. , Roslan R. , Samah N.A. , Kabeb S.M. , Sarmin S.N.
Published: January 2024

In a competitive product market, manufacturers ought to utilize eco-friendly materials to reduce the environmental impact of their products. Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) is an annual plant that produces bast fiber and develops rapidly. These fibers have excellent properties and could serve as ideal reinforcing fillers for wood-based products. This study aims to investigate Maleated Polypropylene (MAPP) as a coupling agent for Kenaf fiber (KF)/Polypropylene(PP) composite. Three distinct composites were created using the following ratios: Sample 1 (Kenaf 20g: PP 180g), Sample 2 (Kenaf 10g: PP 180g: MAPP 10g), and Sample 3 (Kenaf 15g: PP 180g: MAPP 5g). All materials are mixed and extruded in a single-screw extruder at 185 to 200 °C at 50 rpm. A granulator is then utilized to palletize the samples. For testing, tensile and impact testing is conducted for mechanical properties, water absorption for physical properties, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for morphological characterization. The thermal characteristics of the composites are analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicate that the KF/PP composite with a coupling agent has a higher tensile strength with a value of 29.3 MPa compared to the KF/PP composite without a coupling agent with a value of 22.4 MPa. Water absorption of composite with coupling agent was also less than without coupling agent with a value of 1.05% and 1.31% respectively.
Occurrence, characterization, and transport mechanism of welding fumes particles emitted during the welding process
Authors: Abdull Norhidayah , Muhammad Nur Sarah Irina , Mokhtar Khairiah Mohd , Shahri Zarifah
Published: January 2024

In metalworking processes, welding fumes are a prevalent type of particle aerosols. Particle characteristics, physical factors, and the generation process influence the transport of welding fumes in the air. This research delves into the investigation of welding fumes particles during two types of currents: low current (60A) and high current (130A). The study encompasses the determination of the occurrence and characterization of these particles, as well as estimating their transport mechanisms during the welding process. Direct reading instruments were utilized to measure the mass concentration and the number concentration of welding fumes particles alongside environmental parameters such as relative humidity, air velocity, and air temperature. The size distribution and morphology of the particles were collected through a sampling pump and subsequently analyzed using a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). Welding fumes particle transport was predicted by employing variables such as Reynolds number (Re), settling velocity, mechanical velocity, and stopping distance. The welding process’s high current (130 A) generates a higher mass concentration (0.122mg/m3) than the low current (60 A) (0.064mg/m3). Notably, for particle size fractions ranging from 0.5μm to 2.0μm, the number of particles generated during high current surpassed that of low current, except for the 0.3μm size fraction. Analysis of the size distribution through FESEM revealed particle sizes of 2.25μm, 2.33μm, and 2.63μm for welding fumes collected during 130A. In contrast, fumes collected during 60A exhibited sizes of 0.45μm, 0.61μm, and 0.60μm. Notably, accumulation of particles were observed, indicating that the fumes collected during 60A consisted of smaller particles classified as fine particles. The particle counts for high and low currents were 283,232,661 count/m3 and 300,604,341 count/m3, respectively. The observed particle shapes appeared agglomerate, comprised of primary spherical particles adhering together through Van Der Waals forces. Reynolds number values (Re=0.0046-0.0223, less than 1) indicated that the motion of fume particles occurred within a laminar flow regime. Furthermore, the movement of particles was influenced by their diameter, with larger particles exhibiting higher settling velocities, smaller mechanical mobility, and shorter travelled distances. In summary, this research sheds light on the intricate transport mechanisms of welding fumes, providing insights into their occurrence, characterization, and transport during the metalworking process.
Montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay in smart coatings for corrosion protection of metal alloy: a brief review
Authors: Affaf N , Alias J , Alang N
Published: January 2024

Montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay is a natural raw material naturally occurring 2-dimensional lamellar silicate material. Many advantages of MMT clay are low cost, high dispersion properties, good mechanical properties, hydrophobic, good shield against corrosive media, non-toxic, easily accessible, and most importantly, it is natural. MMT was mainly used as an additive with other active smart materials to enhance the excellent properties for smart coatings. However, there is not much research done from the last 5 years regarding MMT in smart coating for corrosion protection. The discussion regarding MMT for corrosion protection is also contradict between each research. This paper provides a brief review on MMT clay in smart coatings and its advantages for corrosion protection for the last 5 years. There are also some drawbacks of MMT in smart coatings discussed at the end. Further research needs to be done as MMT has more potential that can be used in the real-world industries and to clarify the contradiction of statement existed in much research.
Effect of Laser Process Loops on the Hole Diameter and Hole Formation of Laser Micro Drilling on TC4
Authors: Adzman Ku Ahmad Irfan Fitri Bin Ku , Halil Aiman Bin Mohd , Muhammad Mahadzir Bin Ishak @ , Yusof Mohd Fadhlan Bin Mohd , Shah Luqman Hakim Bin Ahmad
Published: January 2024

Laser micro drilling stands as a precise manufacturing method that employs a focused laser beam to craft accurate, small holes within a diverse array of materials. Its applications span across vital industries like aerospace, medical, and electronics, playing a pivotal role in creating components like fuel injectors, medical implants, and microelectronics. Within this context, a notable challenge emerges in obtaining a refined surface finish during laser micro drilling. This study delves into the impact of a laser loop, a crucial parameter, on the surface quality of TC4, also known as Ti6Al4V—an aerospace staple. Employing a Conventional Fiber Laser with a peak output of 30 W, the experiment meticulously directs the laser beam onto the TC4 surface via a microscope objective lens. The drilling process unfolds in controlled conditions, mitigating external variables such as temperature and humidity. Assessment of drilled hole surfaces transpires through both light and 3D microscopes. Interestingly, holes subjected to higher laser power and increased laser loop rates demonstrate enhanced surface smoothness. In essence, this inquiry demonstrates the substantial influence of laser loop on TC4’s surface finish during laser micro drilling. Elevating the laser loop factor leads to heightened surface refinement and diminished roughness in drilled holes. It was found that the diameter entry of the micro-holes was increased by 61% - 89.35% and the diameter exit of the micro-holes also increased by 55.55% - 62.79%. The outcomes of this investigation offer valuable insights for refining the laser micro drilling process to achieve premium surface quality on TC4 and comparable materials. As such, these findings extend guidance for optimal laser loop settings in the realm of laser micro drilling across various materials, benefiting future manufacturing endeavors.
Effect of Tube Length on the Performance of Cooling Necklace with Vortex Tube Cold Flow Generator
Authors: Adnan Nur Shuhada , Hisamudin Wan Nur Adibah Wan , Yusof Mohd Hazwan , Suhaimi Muhammad Fadhli
Published: January 2024

The vortex tube, a compact and eco-friendly device, can generate both low-temperature cold flow and high-temperature hot flow from a room-temperature compressed gas supply. Despite its potential, there has been limited research on its application as a cooling device, particularly in the context of a cooling necklace. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the performance of the vortex tube under various conditions. The experiment was conducted indoors, with tube lengths ranging from 60 cm to 140 cm and inlet pressures from 0.2 MPa to 0.4 MPa. The results suggest that an inlet pressure of 0.4 MPa and a tube length of 60 cm are optimal for achieving the lowest temperature cold flow and minimizing heat transfer effects between the cold flow and the environment.