bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parents’ Attitudes Toward Mathematics and the Influence on Their Students’ Attitudes toward Mathematics: A Quantitative Study
Authors: Mohr‐Schroeder Margaret J. , Jackson Christa , Cavalcanti Maureen , Jong Cindy , Craig Schroeder D. , Speler Lydia G.
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate parents’ attitudes toward mathematics, their students' attitude toward mathematics, and the influence of the parents’ attitude on the students' attitude toward mathematics. Data analyses revealed statistically significant positive correlations between parents’ and students’ attitudes toward mathematics. Additionally, parents’ mathematics attitude significantly predicted students’ attitudes toward mathematics (n=146). By understanding the influence of parents’ attitudes on students’ attitudes toward mathematics, school efforts can be geared toward fostering favorable attitudes toward mathematics among parents.
Heterotypic endosomal fusion as an initial trigger for insulin‐induced glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation in skeletal muscle
Authors: Hatakeyama Hiroyasu , Kanzaki Makoto
Published: May 2017

Key points

Comprehensive imaging analyses of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) behaviour in mouse skeletal muscle was conducted.

Quantum dot‐based single molecule nanometry revealed that GLUT4 molecules in skeletal myofibres are governed by regulatory systems involving ‘static retention’ and ‘stimulus‐dependent liberation’.

Vital imaging analyses and super‐resolution microscopy‐based morphometry demonstrated that insulin liberates the GLUT4 molecule from its static state by triggering acute heterotypic endomembrane fusion arising from the very small GLUT4‐containing vesicles in skeletal myofibres.

Prior exposure to exercise‐mimetic stimuli potentiated this insulin‐responsive endomembrane fusion event involving GLUT4‐containing vesicles, suggesting that this endomembranous regulation process is a potential site related to the effects of exercise.

Skeletal muscle is the major systemic glucose disposal site. Both insulin and exercise facilitate translocation of the glucose transporter glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) via distinct signalling pathways and exercise also enhances insulin sensitivity. However, the trafficking mechanisms controlling GLUT4 mobilization in skeletal muscle remain poorly understood as a resuly of technical limitations. In the present study, which employs various imaging techniques on isolated skeletal myofibres, we show that one of the initial triggers of insulin‐induced GLUT4 translocation is heterotypic endomembrane fusion arising from very small static GLUT4‐containing vesicles with a subset of transferrin receptor‐containing endosomes. Importantly, pretreatment with exercise‐mimetic stimuli potentiated the susceptibility to insulin responsiveness, as indicated by these acute endomembranous activities. We also found that AS160 exhibited stripe‐like localization close to sarcomeric α‐actinin and that insulin induced a reduction of the stripe‐like localization accompanying changes in its detergent solubility. The results of the present study thus provide a conceptual framework indicating that GLUT4 protein trafficking via heterotypic fusion is a critical feature of GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscles and also suggest that the efficacy of the endomembranous fusion process in response to insulin is involved in the benefits of exercise.
Estructura factorial y propiedades psicométricas del time management behavior scale (TMBS) en población universitaria colombiana
Authors: Garzón Umerenkova Angélica , García Ros Rafael , Pérez-González Francisco
Published: May 2017

Se investigaron las características psicométricas del Time Management Behavior Scale (TMBS) (Macan, Shahani, Dipboye y Phillips, 1990) en población universitaria colombiana. El TMBS mide la “gestión del tiempo”, es decir, los intentos por planificar y regular el uso eficaz del tiempo. Se trata de un importante predictor del logro estudiantil durante el primer año universitario y una competencia a considerar para la disminución de la deserción en la educación superior. Los participantes fueron 494 estudiantes universitarios de primer y segundo semestres de nueve programas académicos en dos Universidades de la ciudad de Bogotá. A partir de los resultados se comprueba una estructura multidimensional de cuatro subescalas que dieron cuenta del 39,7% de la varianza total. Adicionalmente, se hallaron unos índices de consistencia interna por encima de 0,7 en tres de los cuatro factores que componen la prueba. Se señalan algunas similitudes y diferencias encontradas entre los resultados en Colombia, la prueba original norteamericana y la adaptación española. Se discute la importancia de contar con pruebas de contrastada confiabilidad y validez para la evaluación e investigación en el área de la psicología educativa en Colombia, asi como el aporte que puede hacerse desde esta área a la prevención de la deserción universitaria en los primeros semestres
Identidad étnica y conductas sociales en adolescentes indígenas Mapuche sancionados por la Ley de Responsabilidad Penal Adolescente en regiones del sur de Chile
Authors: Jiménez Bustos Raúl Alberto , Perez-Luco Arenas Ricardo Xavier , Bustamante Rivera Gonzalo Eugenio
Published: May 2017

Se analiza la relación entre identidad étnica y conductas sociales en 60 adolescentes indígenas infractores de ley autoidentificados como Mapuche. La identidad étnica se obtiene con la Escala IEM, conductas sociales con CACSA, delitos autoreportados con EDA y judicializados con Ficha FER-R. El objetivo fue evaluar la asociación entre grado de desarrollo de identidad étnica con presencia de conductas antisociales y prosociales. Los resultados indican que a mayor desarrollo de identidad étnica menor presencia de conductas antisociales, no observándose relación entre identidad étnica y conductas prosociales. Se discute la relevancia de la identidad étnica como factor protector específico en adolescentes infractores Mapuche y en adolescentes de otros pueblos indígenas en general, convirtiéndose en posible foco de intervención para desestimar estas conductas.
Predictores socio-emocionales y cognitivos: su papel en la comprensión del envejecimiento con éxito en el contexto costarricense
Authors: Blanco Molina Mauricio , Salazar Villanea Mónica
Published: May 2017

Introducción: El presente estudio se orientó hacia la identificación y el análisis de las características que presentan personas adultas mayores con altos niveles de actividad y participación social residentes en Costa Rica. Tomando en cuenta las teorías del envejecimiento con éxito se indagó su alcance en la realidad costarricense. Muestra: El estudio contó con 191 participantes en edades entre 55 y 87 años (M=68.5, DE=6.9) que habitan en el área metropolitana y participan en programas dirigidos a personas mayores en cursos de computación, idiomas, actividad física, arte, entre otros. Método y resultados: Mediante modelos lineales se evidenció la importancia de las condiciones sociales, emocionales y cognitivas como las mejores variables predictoras del nivel de actividad en la muestra estudiada. a.) variables emocionales como autoeficacia percibida, emociones positivas, satisfacción con la vida, control personal, adecuadas redes de apoyo b.) características cognitivas como funciones ejecutivas preservadas, c.) percepción subjetiva de salud y d.) características sociodemográficas como nivel educativo e ingresos. Conclusión: El estudio permite funcionar como línea base, a nivel teórico y metodológico del envejecimiento con éxito en Costa Rica. El estudio permite describir los estilos de vida activos en la vejez caracterizado por otorgarle mayor importancia a la participación en relaciones sociales y ocio, más que a actividades de tipo cognitivas y físicas o vinculadas al logro personal.
Relevancia de la menopausia y del apoyo social en las diferencias en salud entre mujeres y hombres
Authors: Matud Aznar M. Pilar , Correa Reverón Mª Concepción , García Pérez Livia
Published: May 2017

Se analizó la relevancia de la menopausia y el apoyo social en las diferencias en salud entre mujeres y hombres mediante un estudio transversal realizado con 710 mujeres y 606 hombres de la población general española con edades entre 20 y 65 años. Se encontró que, aunque en la juventud apenas había diferencias entre hombres y mujeres, a partir de la perimenopausia las mujeres informaban de más insomnio y síntomas vasomotores que los hombres, así como de más dolor durante la postmenopausia. El apoyo social percibido se asociaba con mejor salud, sobre todo en las mujeres en postmenopausia y premenopausia.
Analyses of Friction Stir Riveting Processes: A Review
Authors: Ali Khan Haris , Li Jingjing , Shao Chenhui
Published: May 2017

This study presents detailed analyses of variant joining processes under the category of friction stir riveting (FSR) that are applied to assemble similar or dissimilar materials by integrating the advantages of both friction stir process and mechanical fastening. It covers the operating principle of FSR methods along with the insights into various process parameters responsible for successful joint formation. The paper further evaluates the researches in friction stir-based riveting processes, which unearth the enhanced metallurgical and mechanical properties, for instance microstructure refinement, local mechanical properties and improved strength, corrosion, and fatigue resistance. Advantages and limitations of the FSR processes are then presented. The study is concluded by summarizing the key analyses and proposing the potential areas for future research.
Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Skin-Pass Rolling and New Models for Process Control
Authors: Yoon Sung Jin , Shin Tae Jin , Lee Jae Sang , Hwang Sang Moo
Published: May 2017

This paper describes in detail the deformation behavior of the rolls and strip predicted from the three-dimensional finite element analysis of skin-pass rolling. The predictions are made on the basis of the coupled analysis of elastic deformation of the rolls and elastic–plastic deformation of the strip. Predictions from the proposed finite element (FE) model are compared with experimental data from laboratory-scale cold rolling mills. Then, proposed are models for the prediction of the roll force profile and for the prediction of the residual stress profile. The prediction accuracy of the models is examined through comparison with the predictions from the FE model.
Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis on Friction Coefficient During the Friction Process
Authors: Sun Guodong , Zhu Hua , Ding Cong , Zhou Yuankai
Published: May 2017

The dynamic evolutionary law and tribological behavior of tribopair AISI 52100-AISI 1045 were studied via the multifractal method. Friction experiment was performed on a ring-on-disk tribometer under lubrication, and the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA) method was adapted to characterize the multifractality of the friction coefficient. The multifractal spectra first exhibited a left-hook, then right-hook, and left-hook, respectively, during the friction stages. The multifractal spectrum width W decreases in running-in friction process, maintains at small values in steady friction process, and increases rapidly in increasing friction process. Corresponding shuffled series was analyzed to distinguish that the multifractality of friction coefficient is due to the long-range correlation of the fluctuations. The results inform quantitative interpretations of friction system's tribological behavior and friction process identification.
Performance Criteria for Liquid Storage Tanks and Piping Systems Subjected to Seismic Loading
Authors: Vathi Maria , Karamanos Spyros A. , Kapogiannis Ioannis A. , Spiliopoulos Konstantinos V.
Published: May 2017

In this paper, performance criteria for the seismic design of industrial liquid storage tanks and piping systems are proposed, aimed at introducing those industrial components into a performance-based design (PBD) framework. Considering “loss of containment” as the ultimate damage state, the proposed limit states are quantified in terms of local quantities obtained from a simple and efficient earthquake analysis. Liquid storage tanks and the corresponding principal failure modes (elephant's foot buckling, roof damage, base plate failure, anchorage failure, and nozzle damage) are examined first. Subsequently, limit states for piping systems are presented in terms of local strain at specific piping components (elbows, Tees, and nozzles) against ultimate strain capacity (tensile and compressive) and low-cycle fatigue. Modeling issues for liquid storage tanks and piping systems are also discussed, compared successfully with available experimental data, and simple and efficient analysis tools are proposed, toward reliable estimates of local strain demand. Using the above reliable numerical models, the proposed damage states are examined in two case studies: (a) a liquid storage tank and (b) a piping system, both located in areas of high seismicity.
Design Parameter Study of a New Test Apparatus Developed for Quantitative Rating of Squeak Propensity of Materials
Authors: Lee Gil Jun , Kim Jay
Published: May 2017

A novel, unique squeak test apparatus was developed to measure squeak propensity of a given pair of materials with a purpose to build a database for automotive engineers. The apparatus employs a sprag-slip mechanism to generate friction-induced, unstable sliding motion between the two materials that leads to a repeatable squeak noise to enable quantitative rating of the squeak propensity of a given pair of materials. An analytical model of the system was developed to study dynamic characteristics of the mechanism to gain insights to design the test apparatus. Stability analysis of the system identified unstable regions of the motion in parameter planes defined by the kinetic coefficient of friction and the attack angle. Furthermore, the effect of these system parameters on the amplitude of the limit cycle was investigated to obtain guidance to design the device. An automatic rating algorithm of squeak noises previously developed by authors was employed to calculate the squeak propensity of the material pairs. A practical engineering procedure is envisioned that can handle squeak problems in the design stage more effectively by taking advantage of such a squeak propensity database.
Dynamics and Control of Clutchless Automated Manual Transmissions for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Walker Paul D. , Fang Yuhong , Zhang Nong
Published: May 2017

This paper presents a study of the dynamics and control of clutchless automated manual transmissions (CLAMT) for the purpose of investigating the system behavior during up and down shifts. To achieve this, a multibody dynamic model of the proposed powertrain is implemented to simulate the transient behavior of the system, including a direct current (DC) equivalent model of the electric machine (EM) and a synchronizer mechanism model. Closed-loop control of motor speed and torque is used in conjunction with synchronizer mechanism actuation to functionally achieve gear shifting without the need for a primary friction clutch. This includes nested torque–speed closed-loops to implement alternative motor control functionalities at different stages of gear change. To evaluate the performance of shift control, shift metrics including longitudinal jerk, vibration dose value (VDV), and shifting duration are evaluated from simulation results. These results demonstrate the most significant impact on the transient response of the powertrain results from the reduction and reinstatement of motor torque during shift control. Speed control of the motor during the shift transient directly impacts on the duration of shifting, but not the transient response of the powertrain.
Prediction of Vibrations and Reradiated Noise Due to Railway Traffic: A Comprehensive Hybrid Model Based on a Finite Element Method and Method of Fundamental Solutions Approach
Authors: Colaço Aires , Alves Costa Pedro , Amado-Mendes Paulo , Godinho Luís
Published: May 2017

The growing of railway infrastructures in urban environments demands accurate methods to predict and mitigate potential annoyance of the inhabitants of the surrounding buildings. The present paper aims to contribute to the goal by proposing a numerical model to predict vibrations and reradiated noise due to railway traffic. The model is based on a substructuring approach, where the whole propagation media are considered, from the vibration source (the vehicle–track interaction) to the receiver (the building and its interior acoustic environment). The system track–ground–building is simulated by a 2.5D finite element method–perfectly matched layers (FEM–PML) model, formulated in the frequency-wavenumber domain. The reradiated noise assessment is based on a 2.5D FEM–method of fundamental solutions (MFS) model, where the FEM is used to obtain the structural dynamic response. The structural displacements computed are used as the vibration input for the MFS model in order to assess the acoustic response inside the building's compartments. An application example is presented to assess vibrations and reradiated noise levels inside the building due to railway traffic. This is then followed by a discussion about the potential benefits of the introduction of floating-slab-track systems.
Variability Analysis of Modal Characteristics of Frequency-Dependent Visco-Elastic Three-Layered Sandwich Beams With Spatial Random Geometrical and Material Properties
Authors: Druesne Frédéric , Hamdaoui Mohamed , Yin Qi , Daya El Mostafa
Published: May 2017

Material and physical properties of a frequency-dependent visco-elastic sandwich beam are modeled as a set of spatial random fields and represented by means of the Karhunen–Loève expansion. Variability analysis of frequency and loss factor are performed. An efficient approach based on modal stability procedure (MSP) is used, the so-called Monte Carlo simulation (MCS)–MSP method. The latter provides very reliable results and allows to analyze the impact of the input variability of a high number of random spatial quantities on the output response. The effect of independent and correlated couples of spatial random fields is investigated. It is shown that the output variability is generally more important for damping than for natural frequencies. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the input variability in geometrical properties are the most impacting for damping and frequency. The influence of input coefficient of variation on output variability is also studied. It is shown that a negative correlation between the face and core thicknesses result in high levels of output variability, when one parameter increases as the other decreases.
Atomic layer deposition of tin oxide thin films from bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)amino]tin(II) with ozone and water
Authors: Tupala Jere , Kemell Marianna , Mattinen Miika , Meinander Kristoffer , Seppälä Sanni , Hatanpää Timo , Räisänen Jyrki , Ritala Mikko , Leskelä Markku
Published: May 2017

Tin oxide thin films were grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) from bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)amino]tin(II) with ozone and water. The ALD growth rate of tin oxide films was examined with respect to substrate temperature, precursor doses, and number of ALD cycles. With ozone two ALD windows were observed, between 80 and 100 °C and between 125 and 200 °C. The films grown on soda lime glass and silicon substrates were uniform across the substrates. With the water process the growth rate at 100–250 °C was 0.05–0.18 Å/cycle, and with the ozone process, the growth rate at 80–200 °C was 0.05–0.11 Å/cycle. The films were further studied for composition and morphology. The films deposited with water showed crystallinity with the tetragonal SnO phase, and annealing in air increased the conductivity of the films while the SnO2 phase appeared. All the films deposited with ozone contained silicon as an impurity and were amorphous and nonconductive both as-deposited and after annealing. The films were further deposited in TiO2 nanotubes aiming to create a pn-junction which was studied by I-V measurements. The TiO2 nanostructure functioned also as a test structure for conformality of the processes.
This Is How We Do It: A Qualitative Approach to National Sport Organizations’ Social-Media Implementation
Authors: Naraine Michael L. , Parent Milena M.
Published: May 2017

This study’s purpose was to uncover national sport organizations’ (NSOs) perceptions of social media to understand how social media are situated and implemented. Specifically, the study sought to understand the perceived utility of social media, the rationale for the content produced and disseminated, and the factors affecting social-media implementation. Through semistructured interviews with Canadian NSOs, results were grouped into 3 themes: the value of social media (i.e., benefits, potential, and credibility), social-media use (i.e., content, types of social-media platforms, and rationale/motivations), and the challenges associated with social media (i.e., capacity, language issues, stakeholders engagement or lack thereof, and resistance). NSOs implement social media solely for business-to-consumer purposes. Social media act as a “double-edged sword”: NSOs believe that a good social-media presence requires sufficient resources but remain unconvinced of the “true” strategic value of social media.
Vitamin D Status and Muscle Function Among Adolescent and Young Swimmers
Authors: Geiker Nina Rica Wium , Hansen Mette , Jakobsen Jette , Kristensen Michael , Larsen Rikke , Jørgensen Niklas R. , Hansen Birthe S. , Bügel Susanne
Published: May 2017

Impaired muscle function has been coupled to vitamin D insufficiency in young women and in elderly men and women. Those living at Northern latitudes are at risk for vitamin D insufficiency due to low sun exposure which may be more pronounced among elite swimmers because of their indoor training schedules. We aimed to examine vitamin D status among young elite swimmers and evaluate the association between vitamin D status and muscle strength. Twenty-nine swimmers, 12 female and 17 male (16–24 years) residing at latitude 55–56°N were studied in March and April. Blood samples were analyzed for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s-25(OH)D) and hand-grip strength was measured as marker of muscle strength. Subjects´ vitamin D and calcium intake were assessed by food frequency questionnaire and sun exposure and training status by questionnaires. Mean (± SD) s-25(OH)D was 52.6 ± 18.3nmol/L among all swimmers. In 45% of the swimmers s-25(OH)D was below 50 nmol/L. Female swimmers had higher s-25(OH)D concentration than male swimmers (61.7 ± 17,5 nmol/L vs. 46.2 ± 16,5 nmol/L, p = .026). Among male swimmers, those with sufficient vitamin D status had higher hand grip strength than those with insufficient vitamin D status (50.6 ± 6.4 kg vs. 41.1 ± 7.8 kg, p = .02). Among Danish elite swimmers 45% had an insufficient vitamin D status during the spring; the prevalence being higher among male swimmers. Muscle strength was significantly higher in male swimmers with sufficient vitamin D status.
Consolidation Effects in a Full-Body Diving Task
Authors: Trempe Maxime , Gohier Jean-Luc , Charbonneau Mathieu , Tremblay Jonathan
Published: May 2017

In recent years, it has been shown that spacing training sessions by several hours allows the consolidation of motor skills in the brain, a process leading to the stabilization of the skills and, sometimes, further improvement without additional practice. At the moment, it is unknown whether consolidation can lead to an improvement in performance when the learner performs complex full-body movements. To explore this question, we recruited 10 divers and had them practice a challenging diving maneuver. Divers first performed an initial training session, consisting of 12 dives during which visual feedback was provided immediately after each dive through video replay. Two retention tests without feedback were performed 30 min and 24 hr after the initial training session. All dives were recorded using a video camera and the participants’ performance was assessed by measuring the verticality of the body segments at water entry. Significant performance gains were observed in the 24-hr retention test (p < .05). These results suggest that the learning of complex full-body movements can benefit from consolidation and that splitting practice sessions can be used as a training tool to facilitate skill acquisition.
When Children’s Perceived and Actual Motor Competence Mismatch: Sport Participation and Gender Differences
Authors: Pesce Caterina , Masci Ilaria , Marchetti Rosalba , Vannozzi Giuseppe , Schmidt Mirko
Published: May 2017

This study examined the (mis)match between children’s perceived and actual motor skill competence, the role played by sport practice and gender when children under- or overestimate their motor competence, and the biomechanical correlates of perceived competence and perceived–actual competence (mis)match. Ninety children aged 7.5±1.2 years performed the Tests of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2), with a subsample of 44 children wearing inertial sensor devices for objective measurement of running and throwing, and completed the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence. Scores of perceived locomotor and object control competence were regressed on TGMD data. Underestimators (UE), realists (R), and overestimators (OE) were identified and it was assessed whether they differed in gender, amount of sport practice, and selected biomechanical parameters. Differences emerged with respect to gender, with most girls underestimating and most boys overestimating their object control competence, and with respect to sport participation, with OE of locomotor competence practicing a larger amount of sport than UE. Some kinematic parameters were associated with perceived competence without differences between UE, R, and OE. Results suggest: (a) the need for specific motivation strategies to ensure a skill-appropriate enhancement of perceived competence in girls; (b) the relevance of feeling skilled for sport practice; (c) the added value of biomechanical assessment to further our understanding of perceived motor competence.
Environmental and Behavioral Influences of Physical Activity in Junior High School Students
Authors: Lorenz Kent A. , van der Mars Hans , Kulinna Pamela Hodges , Ainsworth Barbara E. , Hovell Melbourne F.
Published: May 2017

Background:

Increasing access and opportunity for physical activity (PA) in schools are effective; however, not everyone experiences the same effects. Prompting and reinforcement may encourage more frequent participation in recreational PA during the school day. The purpose of this study was to investigate a lunchtime PA intervention on whole school PA participation and whether behavioral support enhanced these effects.

Methods:

A modified reversal design compared an environmental and an environmental plus behavioral support intervention on lunchtime PA participation versus baseline levels in a suburban junior high school in the western United States (N = 1452). PA and related contextual data were collected using systematic observation.

Results:

Significantly more girls and boys were observed in PA during the interventions compared with baseline phases (F2,1173 = 13.52, P < .0001, η2 = .023; F2,1173 = 20.14, P < .0001, η2 = .033, for girls and boys, respectively). There were no significant differences between the environmental phase and the environment plus behavioral support phase.

Conclusion:

Providing access and opportunity significantly increased the number of girls and boys observed in PA during a lunchtime program, with no additive effects of behavioral support. Further research into providing the individual-level contingencies at an institutional level is needed.
Relationship Between Meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children
Authors: Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Staiano Amanda E.
Published: May 2017

Background:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between adherence to pediatric 24-hour movement guidelines (moderate to vigorous physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep) and cardiometabolic risk factors.

Methods:

The sample included 357 white and African American children aged 5–18 years. Physical activity, television viewing, and sleep duration were measured using questionnaires, and the 24-hour movement guidelines were defined as ≥60 minutes per day of moderate to vigorous physical activity on ≥5 days per week, ≤ 2 hours per day of television, and sleeping 9–11 hours per night (ages 5–13 y) or 8–10 hours per night (ages 14–18 y). Waist circumference, body fat, abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, blood pressure, fasting triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose were measured in a clinical setting.

Results:

A total of 26.9% of the sample met none of the guidelines, whereas 36.4%, 28.3%, and 8.4% of the sample met 1, 2, or all 3 guidelines, respectively. There were significant associations between the number of guidelines met and body mass index, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, triglycerides, and glucose. There were no associations with blood pressure or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Conclusions:

Meeting more components of the 24-hour movement guidelines was associated with lower levels of obesity and several cardiometabolic risk factors. Future efforts should consider novel strategies to simultaneously improve physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep in children.
Effects of Exercise Training Alone on Depot-Specific Body Fat Stores in Youth: Review of Recent Literature
Authors: Kim YoonMyung
Published: May 2017

The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased at an alarming rate. The increased obesity rate in pediatrics parallels the increased risks for developing metabolic abnormalities, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In particular, the strong relationship between obesity and such health consequences is well explained by the excessive accumulation of depot-specific body adiposity, such as visceral adipose tissue, intrahepatic lipid content, intermuscular adipose tissue, and/or intramyocellular lipid content. Limited evidence suggests that both aerobic and resistance exercise alone, independent of weight loss, can be an effective therapeutic strategy for improving risk markers of metabolic abnormalities as well as inducing positive changes in depot-specific body adiposity in obese children and adolescents. However, the independent role of exercise alone (without calorie restriction) in body fat distribution is still unclear, and the results are less conclusive in pediatrics. In this brief review, the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on depot-specific body adiposity changes in children and adolescents are discussed.
Blue Skies Over Beijing: Olympics, Environments, and the People’s Republic of China
Authors: McLeod Christopher M. , Pu Haozhou , Newman Joshua I.
Published: May 2017

During the 2008 Olympic Games, after years of environmental regulations, two months of short-term measures, and opportune weather, Beijing measured a record number of “blue sky days,” at the same time reassuring international athletes and journalists the air was safe for competition and Beijing residents. We use this case to understand how environmental objectives are achieved in sport. Using Bruno Latour’s object-oriented political ecology, we describe the events leading to, during, and after the Games. We argue environmental objectives are possible when environments are made public; this means environmental objects—such as skies and particulate matter—must be assembled and then articulated or, in other words, brought forward and made capable of speech.
Haemobilia due to hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm
Authors: Teixeira Cristina , Ribeiro Suzane Moura , Alves Ana Luisa , Cremers Isabelle
Published: May 2017

An 83-year-old woman with a history of hepaticoduodenostomy 20 years ago was admitted with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Emergency upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed multiple blood clots over the stomach and first and second parts of the duodenum. The cannulation of the biliary tree with a flexible end-viewing endoscope exposed the presence of blood clot inside biliary lumen and a semipedunculated polyp which, at first, appeared to be the cause of haemorrhage. A few days after polypectomy, patient was discharged home, however, was admitted again with massive bleeding and selective angiography demonstrated a pseudoaneurysm of left hepatic artery. Angioembolisation was performed and haemorrhage was stopped afterwards.
Chronic kidney disease in low-income to middle-income countries: the case for increased screening
Authors: George Cindy , Mogueo Amelie , Okpechi Ikechi , Echouffo-Tcheugui Justin B , Kengne Andre Pascal
Published: May 2017

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is fast becoming a major public health issue, disproportionately burdening low-income to middle-income countries, where detection rates remain low. We critically assessed the extant literature on CKD screening in low-income to middle-income countries. We performed a PubMed search, up to September 2016, for studies on CKD screening in low-income to middle-income countries. Relevant studies were summarised through key questions derived from the Wilson and Jungner criteria. We found that low-income to middle-income countries are ill-equipped to deal with the devastating consequences of CKD, particularly the late stages of the disease. There are acceptable and relatively simple tools that can aid CKD screening in these countries. Screening should primarily include high-risk individuals (those with hypertension, type 2 diabetes, HIV infection or aged >60 years), but also extend to those with suboptimal levels of risk (eg, prediabetes and prehypertension). Since screening for hypertension, type 2 diabetes and HIV infection is already included in clinical practice guidelines in resource-poor settings, it is conceivable to couple this with simple CKD screening tests. Effective implementation of CKD screening remains a challenge, and the cost-effectiveness of such an undertaking largely remains to be explored. In conclusion, for many compelling reasons, screening for CKD should be a policy priority in low-income to middle-income countries, as early intervention is likely to be effective in reducing the high burden of morbidity and mortality from CKD. This will help health systems to achieve cost-effective prevention.
Optimisation and validation of a remote monitoring system (Onco-TreC) for home-based management of oral anticancer therapies: an Italian multicentre feasibility study
Authors: Passardi Alessandro , Rizzo Mimma , Maines Francesca , Tondini Carlo , Zambelli Alberto , Vespignani Roberto , Andreis Daniele , Massa Ilaria , Dianti Marco , Forti Stefano , Piras Enrico Maria , Eccher Claudio
Published: May 2017

Introduction

Despite the growing number of oral agents available for cancer treatment, their efficacy may be reduced due to the lack of adherence, inappropriate adverse event self-management and arbitrary dose adjustment. The management of anticancer therapies could exponentially benefit from the introduction of mobile health technologies in a highly integrated electronic oncology system.

Methods and analysis

We plan to customise and fine-tune an existing monitoring TreC platform used in different chronic diseases in the oncology setting. This project follows a multistep approach with two major purposes: 1. participatory design techniques driven by Health Literacy and Patient Reported Outcomes principles in order to adapt the system to the oncology setting involving patients and healthcare providers; 2. a prospective training-validation, interventional, non-pharmacological, multicentre study on a series of consecutive patients with cancer (20 and 60 patients in the training and validation steps, respectively) in order to assess system capability, usability and acceptability. The novel Onco-TreC 2.0 is expected to contribute to improving the adherence and safety of cancer care, promoting patient empowerment and patient–doctor communication.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval was obtained from the Independent Ethics Committees of the participating institutions (CEIIAV protocol Number 2549/2015; reference Number 1315-PU). Informed consent will be obtained from all study participants. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conferences and event presentations.

Trial registration number

ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02921724); (Pre-results). Other study ID Number: IRST100.18.
The accuracy of postoperative, non-invasive Air-Test to diagnose atelectasis in healthy patients after surgery: a prospective, diagnostic pilot study
Authors: Ferrando Carlos , Romero Carolina , Tusman Gerardo , Suarez-Sipmann Fernando , Canet Jaume , Dosdá Rosa , Valls Paola , Villena Abigail , Serralta Ferran , Jurado Ana , Carrizo Juan , Navarro Jose , Parrilla Cristina , Romero Jose E , Pozo Natividad , Soro Marina , Villar Jesús , Belda Francisco Javier
Published: May 2017

Objective

To assess the diagnostic accuracy of peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) while breathing room air for 5 min (the ‘Air-Test’) in detecting postoperative atelectasis.

Design

Prospective cohort study. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed by measuring the agreement between the index test and the reference standard CT scan images.

Setting

Postanaesthetic care unit in a tertiary hospital in Spain.

Participants

Three hundred and fifty patients from 12 January to 7 February 2015; 170 patients scheduled for surgery under general anaesthesia who were admitted into the postsurgical unit were included.

Intervention

The Air-Test was performed in conscious extubated patients after a 30 min stabilisation period during which they received supplemental oxygen therapy via a venturi mask. The Air-Test was defined as positive when SpO2was ≤96% and negative when SpO2was ≥97%. Arterial blood gases were measured in all patients at the end of the Air-Test. In the subsequent 25 min, the presence of atelectasis was evaluated by performing a CT scan in 59 randomly selected patients.

Main outcome measures

The primary study outcome was assessment of the accuracy of the Air-Test for detecting postoperative atelectasis compared with the reference standard. The secondary outcome was the incidence of positive Air-Test results.

Results

The Air-Test diagnosed postoperative atelectasis with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.90 (95% CI 0.82 to 0.98) with a sensitivity of 82.6% and a specificity of 87.8%. The presence of atelectasis was confirmed by CT scans in all patients (30/30) with positive and in 5 patients (17%) with negative Air-Test results. Based on the Air-Test, postoperative atelectasis was present in 36% of the patients (62 out of 170).

Conclusion

The Air-Test may represent an accurate, simple, inexpensive and non-invasive method for diagnosing postoperative atelectasis.

Trial Registration

NCT02650037.
Term admissions to neonatal units in England: a role for transitional care? A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Battersby Cheryl , Michaelides Stephanie , Upton Michele , Rennie Janet M
Published: May 2017

Objective

To identify the primary reasons for term admissions to neonatal units in England, to determine risk factors for admissions for jaundice and to estimate the proportion who can be cared for in a transitional setting without separation of mother and baby.

Design

Retrospective observational study using neonatal unit admission data from the National Neonatal Research Database and data of live births in England from the Office for National Statistics.

Setting

All 163 neonatal units in England 2011–2013.

Participants

133 691 term babies born ≥37 weeks gestational age and admitted to neonatal units in England.

Primary and secondary outcomes

Primary reasons for admission, term babies admitted for the primary reason of jaundice, patient characteristics, postnatal age at admission, total length of stay, phototherapy, intravenous fluids, exchange transfusion and kernicterus.

Results

Respiratory disease was the most common reason for admission overall, although jaundice was the most common reason for admission from home (22% home vs 5% hospital). Risk factors for admission for jaundice include male, born at 37 weeks gestation, Asian ethnicity and multiple birth. The majority of babies received only a brief period of phototherapy, and only a third received intravenous fluids, suggesting that some may be appropriately managed without separation of mother and baby. Admission from home was significantly later (3.9 days) compared with those admitted from elsewhere in the hospital (1.7 days) (p<0.001).

Conclusion

Around two-thirds of term admissions for jaundice may be appropriately managed in a transitional care setting, avoiding separation of mother and baby. Babies with risk factors may benefit from a community midwife postnatal visit around the third day of life to enable early referral if necessary. We recommend further work at the national level to examine provision and barriers to transitional care, referral pathways between primary and secondary care, and community postnatal care.
How good is the evidence to support primary care practice?
Authors: Ebell Mark H , Sokol Randi , Lee Aaron , Simons Christopher , Early Jessica
Published: May 2017

Our goal was to determine the extent to which recommendations for primary care practice are informed by high-quality research-based evidence, and the extent to which they are based on evidence of improved health outcomes (patient-oriented evidence). As a substrate for study, we used Essential Evidence, an online, evidence-based, medical reference for generalists. Each of the 721 chapters makes overall recommendations for practice that are graded A, B or C using the Strength of Recommendations Taxonomy (SORT). SORT A represents consistent and good quality patient-oriented evidence; SORT B is inconsistent or limited quality patient-oriented evidence and SORT C is expert opinion, usual practice or recommendations relying on surrogate or intermediate outcomes. Pairs of researchers abstracted the evidence ratings for each chapter in tandem, with discrepancies resolved by the lead author. Of 3251 overall recommendations, 18% were graded ‘A’, 34% were ‘B’ and 49% were ‘C’. Clinical categories with the most ‘A’ recommendations were pregnancy and childbirth, cardiovascular, and psychiatric; those with the least were haematological, musculoskeletal and rheumatological, and poisoning and toxicity. ‘A’ level recommendations were most common for therapy and least common for diagnosis. Only 51% of recommendations are based on studies reporting patient-oriented outcomes, such as morbidity, mortality, quality of life or symptom reduction. In conclusion, approximately half of the recommendations for primary care practice are based on patient-oriented evidence, but only 18% are based on patient-oriented evidence from consistent, high-quality studies.
Atypical aspirates of the breast: a dilemma in current cytology practice
Authors: Yu Shuang-Ni , Li Joshua , Wong Sio-In , Tsang Julia Y S , Ni Yun-Bi , Chen Jie , Tse Gary M
Published: May 2017

Aims

The probabilistic approach is widely adopted for breast fine needle aspiration cytology. However, a definite cytological diagnosis is not always possible for C3 (atypia) cases, which poses a management dilemma as this represents a mixed category of benign and malignant cases. It would be beneficial to be able to predict malignancy based on specific cytological features in C3 aspirates.

Methods

A comprehensive panel of cytological features (including quantitative, cytomorphological and background features) in a large cohort of C3 breast aspirates with subsequent histological excisions was evaluated to identify relevant morphological criteria predicting the risk of subsequent malignancy.

Results

A total of 229 C3 specimens with histological follow-up were included. Malignant outcome was found in 30.1% of specimens and the majority were invasive cancers. Features that showed a significant association with malignant outcome included older age (p=0.001), lower percentage of epithelial cell clusters and high percentage of single cells (p=0.002), cribriform architecture in cell clusters (p=0.034), presence of intracellular mucin (p=0.027), increased cell clusters without myoepithelial cells (p=0.048), diminished fibromyxoid stromal fragments (p=0.001), reduced bipolar nuclei (p=0.021) and the presence of necrosis (p=0.023). Except for the percentages of single cells and cell clusters without myoepithelial cells, all other features were shown to be independent risk predictors in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

C3 aspirates were associated with a significant probability of histological malignancy. Certain quantitative, cytomorphological and background features were potentially helpful in predicting the risk of a malignant outcome. The prediction could be clinically useful in the management of C3 cases.
DNA repair gene expressions are related to bone marrow cellularity in myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Ribeiro Howard L , Maia Allan Rodrigo S , de Oliveira Roberta Taiane G , Costa Marília Braga , Farias Izabelle Rocha , de Paula Borges Daniela , de Sousa Juliana Cordeiro , Magalhães Silvia Maria M , Pinheiro Ronald F
Published: May 2017

Objective

To evaluate the expression of genes related to nuclear excision (ERCC8,XPAandXPC), homologous recombination and non-homologous end-joining (ATM,BRCA1,BRCA2andLIG4) repair mechanisms, using quantitative PCR methodologies, and it relation with bone marrow cellularity in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).

Methods and results

A total of 51 adult de novo patients with MDS (3 refractory anaemia (RA), 11 refractory anaemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS), 28 refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (RCMD), 3 refractory anaemia with excess blasts type I (RAEB-I), 5 refractory anaemia with excess blasts type II (RAEB-II), and 1 chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) were evaluated. For karyotype, 16.2% patients were defined as very low prognosis, 59.5% low risk, 8.1% intermediate risk, 5.4% high risk and 10.8% very high risk. For bone marrow cellularity, 17.6%, 17.6% and 64.7% presented as hypocellular, normocellular and hypercellular, respectively. Patients with hypocellular MDS had significantly decreased expression ofATM(p=0.000), BRCA1(p=0.014),BRCA2(p=0.003), LIG4(p=0.004) andERCC8(p=0.000) than those with normocellular/hypercellular bone marrow, whereasXPA(p=0.049) andXPC(p=0.000) genes were increased. In patients with hypoplastic MDS, a low expression ofATM(p=0.0268),LIG4(p=0.0199) andERCC8(p=0.0493) was significantly associated with the presence of chromosomal abnormalities. We detected positive correlations betweenBRCA1andBRCA2(r=0.416; p=0.007),ATMandLIG4(r=0.472; p=0.001),LIG4andBRCA1(r=0.333; p=0.026),LIG4andBRCA2(r=0.334; p=0.025),ATMandXPA(r=0.377; p=0.008),ATMandXPC(r=0.287; p=0.046),LIG4andXPC(r=0.371; p=0.007) andXPAandXPCgenes (r=0.895; p=0.0000). We also found among all patients evaluated that correlation withLIG4occurred most often.

Conclusions

These correlations demonstrate the important intrinsic relations between single and double DNA strand breaks genes in MDS, emphasising that these genes are related to MDS pathogenesis.
The American Heart Association’s Get With the Guidelines (GWTG)-Stroke development and impact on stroke care
Authors: Ormseth Cora H , Sheth Kevin N , Saver Jeffrey L , Fonarow Gregg C , Schwamm Lee H
Published: May 2017

The American Heart Association’s Get With the Guidelines (GWTG)-Stroke programme has changed stroke care delivery in the USA since its establishment in 2003. GWTG is a voluntary registry and continuous quality improvement initiative that collects data on patient characteristics, hospital adherence to guidelines and inpatient outcomes. Implementation of the programme saw increased provision of evidence-based care and improved patient outcomes. This review will describe the development of the programme and discuss the impact on stroke outcomes and transformation of stroke care delivery that followed its implementation.