bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thrombocytopenia secondary to iron deficiency anemia responding to iron therapy
Authors: Eisa Mahmoud S. , Al‐Tikrity Mustafa A. , Babikikir Mona M. , Yassin Mohamed A.
Published: June 2021

A broad spectrum of diseases can cause anemia and thrombocytopenia. Some of these diseases are a hematological emergency; others are benign diseases, so early and accurate diagnosis is crucial in managing such patients. Usually, IDA is associated with thrombocytosis or normal platelets; however, in rare cases, IDA can be associated with thrombocytopenia; even though, thrombocytopenia that occurs with IDA responds to iron therapy. Iron therapy rarely causes transient thrombocytopenia per se. We are reporting an African female patient who is found to have thrombocytopenia secondary to iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and she responded to iron replacement therapy initially with a transient drop in platelets, followed by a rapid rise in platelets till platelets reached the normal level.
Successful catheter ablation of postoperative atrial tachycardia with conduction disturbances: Assessment by late‐gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging and high‐resolution electro‐anatomical mapping
Authors: Nakasone Kazutaka , Kiuchi Kunihiko , Takami Mitsuru , Izawa Yu , Fukuzawa Koji , Hirata Ken‐ichi
Published: June 2021

Atrial tachycardia (AT) in the right atrium often occurs following open‐heart surgery. Catheter ablation for these AT is challenging and can lead to unintended conduction block. We performed late‐gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (LGE‐MRI) prior to catheter ablation and predicted wavefront propagation during SR as well as the slow conduction zone during tachycardia. LGE‐MRI may assist predicting the conduction disturbance and reducing the risk of unexpected sinus exit block.
Type 1 diabetic manifestations in a young man triggered by COVID‐19
Authors: Dehghani Firouzabadi Fatemeh , Dehghani Firouzabadi Mohammad , Moosaie Fatemeh , Rafiee Saeedeh , Esteghamati Alireza
Published: June 2021

COVID‐19 could potentially lead to the progression of the course of undiagnosed type 1 diabetes in an infected individuals.
Chiari malformation type I with depression and severe psychosis: Case report according to the role of the cerebellum in cognition and emotion
Authors: Badrfam Rahim , Naghavi Hamid Reza , Noroozian Maryam , Zandifar Atefeh
Published: June 2021

Chiari malformation may have possible effect on cognitive and affective demonstrations. It seems necessary to pay attention to the underlying anatomical conditions in terms of diagnostic and therapeutic aspects when evaluating neuropsychiatric manifestations.
Ethene Conversion at a Zeolite‐Supported Ir(I) Complex. A Computational Perspective on a Single‐Site Catalyst System
Authors: Vummaleti Sai V. C. , Genest Alexander , Rösch Notker
Published: June 2021

Applying a quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics scheme involving DFT calculations, a model study of mechanisms for ethene transformations at zeolite‐supported Ir(I) complexes is presented and the results compared to those of recent experiments and previous work on the isostructural Rh(I) complexes. Starting from the 2‐ligand complex [Ir(C2H4)2]+, in the presence of H2, the ethene conversion mechanisms studied yield solely ethane while the dimerization to 1‐butene via either the Cossee‐Arlman (CA) mechanism or the metallacycle (MC) mechanism was determined to be kinetically too demanding. Therefore, turning to 3‐ligand models, the calculations showed that the diethyl complex [Ir(C2H4)(C2H5)2]+ strongly favors ethene hydrogenation over dimerization (via a CA mechanism), with crucial activation free energies of 27 kJ mol−1 and 113 kJ mol−1, respectively. The alternative route to dimerization via a MC mechanism is also not operative because the C−C coupling barrier is higher by 30 kJ mol−1 (in absolute terms) than the hydrogen activation in the CA mechanism. Thus, when Rh is substituted by Ir, the computational results allowed to rationalize the experimentally determined switching from ethene dimerization to ethane formation due to the significantly higher calculated barrier, by ∼50 kJ mol−1 relative to Rh, of C−C coupling in the Ir system. The present study illustrates the advantage of describing the active site in a single site catalysis system, yet it also highlights the potential complexity of such systems as revealed by comparing 2‐ to 3‐ligand models as well as models with different metal centers, Rh vs Ir, in the light of conversion rates via the energetic span concept.
Promoting the Methane Oxidation on Pd/CeO2 Catalyst by Increasing the Surface Oxygen Mobility via Defect Engineering
Authors: Lee Jaeha , Lim Tae Hwan , Lee Eunwon , Kim Do Heui
Published: June 2021

Methane is a useful chemical resource, but removing it, a powerful greenhouse gas, is important to prevent global warming. In this study, the methane oxidation activity of conventional Pd/CeO2 catalyst was improved by enhancing the oxygen mobility of ceria surface via the simple defect engineering. Raman spectroscopy demonstrates that the defect concentration of ceria surface is reduced after high temperature treatments. Cryogenic hydrogen‐temperature‐programmed‐reduction curves indicate that the surface oxygen of ceria in Pd/CeO2 catalysts with the reduced defect concentration became mobile, resulting in the facile reduction at the lower temperature. X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron and X‐ray adsorption spectroscopies show that the improvement in the surface oxygen mobility does not originate from the change in PdOx particle size nor its oxidation state. As a result, the temperature of 50 % conversion of methane shifted by 25 °C to the lower temperature on Pd/CeO2 catalyst with the reduced defect concentration. This work highlights that the catalytic activity can be enhanced by promoting the active participation of the surface oxygen of support.
Aromatic Trifluoromethylselenolation via Pd‐catalyzed C−H functionalization
Authors: Grollier Kevin , Chefdeville Emmanuel , Jeanneau Erwann , Billard Thierry
Published: June 2021

The synthesis of trifluoromethylselenolated aromatic molecules via an auxiliary‐assisted, palladium catalyzed, C−H bonds functionalization with trifluoromethyl tolueneselenosulfonate as reagent is described. The mono‐ or bis‐products can be preferentially formed. Some mechanistic investigations were realized to better understand the reaction. This methodology was also extended to fluoroalkylselenyl groups.
Unexpected toxicity of CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib and radiotherapy
Authors: van Aken Evert S. M. , Beeker Aart , Houtenbos Ilse , Pos Floris J. , Linn Sabine C. , Elkhuizen Paula H. M. , de Jong Monique C.
Published: June 2021

Background

Cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors have recently been approved for the treatment of hormone receptor–positive and HER2‐negative metastatic breast cancer in association with endocrine therapy in postmenopausal women. Data on the interaction of CDK4/6 inhibition and radiotherapy are scarce, but some studies show unexpected toxicity.

Cases

We report three cases of unexpected severe or prolonged soft tissue, skin, and gastrointestinal toxicity in patients treated with a combination of radiotherapy and the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib.

Conclusion

These cases indicate a possible interaction between radiotherapy and palbociclib. Therefore, we recommend using radiotherapy cautiously when combined with CDK4/6 inhibitors.
A computationally intelligent neural network‐based nonlinear autoregressive exogenous balancing approach for real‐time processing in industrial applications using big data
Authors: Shafi Imran , Malik Zeeshan , Din Sadia , Jeon Gwanggil , Ahmad Jamil
Published: June 2021

Deep learning based neural networks and their variants have gained popularity due to their inherent flexibility to handle unforeseen especially when a chaotic time series big data are required to be dealt with. There are innumerable applications that are beneficiary of vast interest in computational intelligent approaches that include but not limited to robotics, healthcare, transport, industrial, decision making, and gaming. This paper attempts to investigate the effectiveness of using a neural nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous inputs (NARX) controller in an emerging application field of balancing systems like inverted pendulum (IP) using big data. This paper's aim has been to control an IP cart system by designing a neural NARX controller, and the focus is primarily on real‐time processing in industrial applications grounded on big data ecosystems. In the proposed work, an IP system is mathematically modeled and first controlled utilizing a combination of classical proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) controllers for cart and pendulum. Second, a chaotic time series input–output data are obtained and are used to train two NARX controllers for cart and pendulum, respectively. Both the controllers are designed as single‐input single‐output systems with one layer each at input and output with suitable number of hidden layers and neurons. Performance comparison of NARX system behavior with PID controller indicates that the NARX controllers successfully adapt to two different kinds of unknown inputs and effectively stabilize the plant. Simulation results confirm that NARX controllers follow the training parameters and exhibit superior performance and overall system stability than PID control. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
The Dependence of Chemical Quantum Yields of Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis on the Irradiation Power
Authors: Reiß Barbara , Hu Qi , Riedle Eberhard , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim
Published: June 2021

Despite the great achievements of advanced photoredox catalysis for organic‐synthetic reactions, the literature is rather vague with respect to reaction quantum yields – the number of product molecules per absorbed photon. This stands in contrast to the clear and commonly used chemical yield as standard parameter to quantify the efficiency of chemical reactions. We applied an opto‐electronic device to measure the reaction quantum yields of a reference reaction in a rapid and facile way, which revealed that this parameter cannot be regarded as a single, isolated value. A so far undescribed strong dependence of the reaction quantum yield on the incident light power and the irradiation time was revealed. The light input even decides on the interplay of the closed photoredox catalytic cycle and the radical chain propagation. The reaction kinetics were modelled in full detail to obtain important insight into the general description of photoredox catalytic mechanisms.
Stakeholder engagement and corporate social reputation: The influence of exogenous factors on efficiency performance (stakeholder engagement and exogenous factors)
Authors: Solana‐Ibáñez José , Caravaca‐Garratón Manuel
Published: June 2021

This article extends preliminary research with the aim of examining to what extent stakeholder engagement can lead to unfavorable outcomes in terms of corporate social reputation. A favorable perceived stakeholder image, does not necessarily lead to a positive reputation outcome. To evaluate this conceptual rupture, applied to the Defense sector, the use of two‐stage double bootstrap efficiency determinants, and stability analysis is proposed. The statistical significance of a group of exogenous factors implies that part of the observed performance is due to the environment. Their influence can either enhance or weaken reputation. In any case, knowledge of the underlying operating environment offers an opportunity for strategic action in Corporate Social Responsibility policy. The results show a statistically significant relationship of all the exogenous variables considered in each of the years. The most relevant result indicates a drag effect of stakeholders' perceptions on public institutions through perceived corruption.
Flight efficiency explains differences in natal dispersal distances in birds
Authors: Claramunt Santiago
Published: June 2021

The factors responsible for variation in dispersal distances across species remain poorly understood. Previous comparative studies found differing results and equivocal support for theoretical predictions. Here I re‐examine factors that influence natal dispersal distances in British birds while taking into account the cost of transport as estimated from proxies of long‐distance flight efficiency. First, I show that flight efficiency, as estimated by the hand‐wing index, the aspect ratio, or the lift‐to‐drag ratio, is a strong predictor of dispersal distances among resident species. Most migratory species showed a similar pattern, but a group of species with relatively low aerodynamic efficiency showed longer‐than‐expected dispersal distances, making the overall trend independent of flight efficiency. Ecological, behavioral, and life history factors had a small or nil influence on dispersal distances, with most of their influence likely mediated by adaptations for the use of space reflected in flight efficiency. This suggests that dispersal distances in birds are not determined by adaptive strategies for dispersal per se, but are predominantly influenced by the energetic cost of movement.
If you can dream it, you can do it!—The role of sexual orientation in preferences toward boys' and girls' career orientation and gendered behaviour
Authors: Kántás Éva Magdolna , Faragó Laura , Kovacs Monika
Published: June 2021

We argue that parental attitudes of (prospective) children's gendered behavior are influenced by sexual orientation and the given social climate. In Study 1 (N = 448), moderated mediations showed that sexual orientation predicted whether or not high‐status occupations are preferred for the (prospective) children through modern sexism. For girls, however, the perceived stability of the gender hierarchy moderated the effect of modern sexism. In an experiment (Study 2, N = 704), hierarchical regression analyses showed that in the case of gay people, modern sexism predicted boys’ preferred gendered behavior well. While, in the case of bisexual people, modern sexism (along with fear of backlash) predicted preferences for both boys’ and girls’ gendered behavior depending on the stability of the gender hierarchy. Unlike the other groups, in the case of straight people, modern sexism only predicted preferences regarding girls’ gendered behavior. Implications of the studies are discussed.
Cost–benefit analysis of traffic barrier geometric optimization, a hurdle machine learning‐based technique
Authors: Rezapour Mahdi , Ksaibati Khaled
Published: June 2021

Although it is well documented that optimized barrier dimensions would yield a benefit by enhancement of traffic safety, not many studies have been conducted quantifying how much money could be saved by enhancing barriers to their optimum heights, especially with the help of machine learning technique. Equivalent property damage only (EPDO) was considered as a response in the modeling to account for both aspects of crash frequency and severity. A hurdle model was developed to explore the impact of enhancing the geometric characteristics of barriers while accounting for zero inflation. The two components of the model, logistic regression and truncated negative binomial, could account for both abundance of zeroes and the skewed nature of non‐zero EPDO. The methodological approach provides a new understanding of the economic/monetary evaluation of an asset enhancement in the state with the help of machine learning technique. Our methodological approach provides the policy makers about the monetary benefit that they could expect by optimization of barriers heights. The analysis summarized in this paper will not only help Wyoming, but it provides other states with the justification of safety enhancement to their road barriers or assets.
Modularity patterns in mammalian domestication: Assessing developmental hypotheses for diversification
Authors: Wilson Laura A. B. , Balcarcel Ana , Geiger Madeleine , Heck Laura , Sánchez-Villagra Marcelo R.
Published: June 2021

The neural crest hypothesis posits that selection for tameness resulted in mild alterations to neural crest cells during embryonic development, which directly or indirectly caused the appearance of traits associated with the “domestication syndrome” (DS). Although representing an appealing unitary explanation for the generation of domestic phenotypes, support for this hypothesis from morphological data and for the validity of the DS remains a topic of debate. This study used the frameworks of morphological integration and modularity to assess patterns that concern the embryonic origin of the skull and issues around the neural crest hypothesis. Geometric morphometric landmarks were used to quantify cranial trait interactions between six pairs of wild and domestic mammals, comprising representatives that express between five and 17 of the traits included in the DS, and examples from each of the pathways by which animals entered into relationships with humans. We predicted the presence of neural crest vs mesoderm modular structure to the cranium, and that elements in the neural crest module would show lower magnitudes of integration and higher disparity in domestic forms compared to wild forms. Our findings support modular structuring based on tissue origin (neural crest, mesoderm) modules, along with low module integration magnitudes for neural crest cell derived cranial elements, suggesting differential capacity for evolutionary response among those elements. Covariation between the neural crest and mesoderm modules accounted for major components of shape variation for most domestic/wild pairs. Contra to our predictions, however, we find domesticates share similar integration magnitudes to their wild progenitors, indicating that higher disparity in domesticates is not associated with magnitude changes to integration among either neural crest or mesoderm derived elements. Differences in integration magnitude among neural crest and mesoderm elements across species suggest that developmental evolution preserves a framework that promotes flexibility under the selection regimes of domestication.
Knowledge and Needs of Resident Physicians Regarding Osteoporosis: A Nationwide Survey of Residents
Authors: Crandall Carolyn J , Chen Lucia Y , Rodriguez Tyler D , Elashoff David , Faubion Stephanie S , Kling Juliana M , Shifren Jan , Skinner Lisa , Bauer Douglas C
Published: June 2021

Large‐scale studies have not addressed the knowledge level of US resident physicians regarding osteoporosis management. We gauged the knowledge level of family medicine, internal medicine, and obstetrics and gynecology resident physicians regarding osteoporosis management. In 2019, we sent an anonymous survey via e‐mail to all program directors of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–accredited residency programs in family medicine, internal medicine, and obstetrics and gynecology for distribution to resident physicians. Knowledge items assessed osteoporosis screening, diagnosis, and treatment. We received responses from 182 family medicine, 275 internal medicine, and 122 obstetrics and gynecology programs. Of 582 resident physician respondents, 31% were family medicine residents, 47% were internal medicine residents, and 21% were obstetrics and gynecology residents. Although 77% of respondents correctly selected the T‐score threshold for the diagnosis of osteoporosis among persons aged 50 years and older (−2.5), only 20% of respondents correctly identified minimal‐trauma hip fracture as being diagnostic of osteoporosis. One‐third of respondents correctly identified which medications were demonstrated in clinical trials to decrease hip fracture risk. Fifteen percent of respondents correctly identified that denosumab and alendronate are associated with osteonecrosis of the jaw; and 40% of respondents correctly identified that decline in bone density is more rapid after discontinuation of denosumab than after discontinuation of bisphosphonates. Less than half of resident physicians knew that bisphosphonate‐associated atypical femoral fractures are duration‐dependent. One‐quarter of respondents felt not at all prepared to manage osteoporosis. In this nationwide survey of resident physicians, knowledge regarding osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment was poor, with a striking lack of knowledge regarding the two most serious adverse effects of osteoporosis pharmacotherapy (osteonecrosis of the jaw and atypical femoral fractures). The undertreatment of osteoporosis is unlikely to improve without increased education of resident physicians. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Design and preparation of metal‐based carbon nanosheets for C–O bond cleavage in the absence of external H2
Authors: Chen Changzhou , Zhou Minghao , Jiang Jianchun
Published: June 2021

A facile yet sustainable approach for the production of Ni3S2‐doped ultrathin carbon nanosheets in one‐pot with very thin thickness of 30 nm was reported. Reaction of nickel nitrate hexahydrate, sodium lignosulfonate with boric acid could produce ultrathin carbon nanosheets. In comparison with the conventional method for the synthesis of Ni3S2‐doped ultrathin carbon nanosheets, this reaction did not require second vulcanization step. Sodium lignosulfonate was used as carbon and sulfur source. Boric acid was used as 2D template and it could also be readily recycled for repeated use by simply evaporative crystallization. Ni3S2‐doped ultrathin carbon nanosheets was expected to be an excellent catalyst for C–O bond cleavage under 260°C through catalytic transfer hydrogenation process. In addition, the optimal catalyst could also be recovered in the end.
Low SARS‐CoV‐2 seroprevalence in a cohort of Brazilian sickle cell disease patients: Possible effects of emphasis on social isolation for a population initially considered to be at very high risk
Authors: Trafane Luiza Francisco , da Costa Vitor Antonio , da Silva Santos Duarte Adriana , Zangirolami Audrey Basso , Proenca‐Modena José Luiz , de Melo Campos Paula , de Souza Medina Samuel , Saad Sara Terezinha Olalla , Addas‐Carvalho Marcelo , Benites Bruno Deltreggia
Published: June 2021

Despite being initially considered at higher risk for severe COVID‐19, sickle cell disease (SCD) patients have mostly presented clinical severity similar to the general population. As their vulnerability to become infected remains uncertain, we assessed the seroreactivity for SARS‐CoV‐2 to estimate the prevalence of infection and possible phenotypic and socioeconomic determinants for their contagion. Serologic evaluation was performed on 135 patients with an overall prevalence of 11%; positivity was associated with older age and use of public transportation. We speculate that social distancing instructions recommended by our clinic may have contributed to lower levels of infection, but potential protection factors need further investigation.
Climatological analysis of freezing level height over China and its implications using homogenized in‐situ data
Authors: Guo Yanjun , Wang Guofu , Chao Qingchen
Published: June 2021

Freezing level height (FLH) is the altitude of a location where the air temperature is 0°C. The FLH denotes the approximate position for water phase transitions from liquid (or vapour) to solid but not vapour to liquid. Based on temperature and height data on the ground surface to heights with an atmospheric pressure of 400 hPa, the monthly FLH at 118 radiosonde stations located in China are derived for the 1958–2017 period. The monthly and annual climatology during 1981–2010 and the seasonal, intra‐annual and decadal variabilities of the FLH during 1958–2017, along with its long‐term trends, were quantitatively evaluated at the regional scale and for individual stations. FLH climatology is generally related to season, zone and topography. The annual FLH anomalies decline initially, followed by a rise, with synchronous changes in the temperature in the lower and middle troposphere; the anomalies in south‐eastern China are partly associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation events. The increasing trends of FLH are closely associated with tropospheric warming and show evident regional and seasonal differences. Stronger increasing trends are observed in northern and western China in autumn or winter (particularly in recent decades). The changes in FLH have implications on long‐term trends in equilibrium line altitude (ELA) of glaciers in Tianshan Mountains, snow cover extent in melt season and hail frequency in China especially in high‐elevations. During recent decades, the evolution of the FLH and major composition in the cryosphere has accelerated as a response to tropospheric warming. The study on FLH change can provide valuable information for the evaluation of glaciers, snow cover extent and hail frequency in China from a new perspective; which is helpful for understanding regional hydrological processes and climate changes better. Further application of FLH in cryosphere monitoring can improve water management and flood forecasting in headwater regions in China.
Programmed Death‐Ligand 1 Expression and Tumor‐Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Temporal Bone Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Hongo Takahiro , Kuga Ryosuke , Miyazaki Masaru , Komune Noritaka , Nakano Takafumi , Yamamoto Hidetaka , Koike Kensuke , Sato Kuniaki , Kogo Ryunosuke , Nabeshima Kazuki , Oda Yoshinao , Nakagawa Takashi
Published: June 2021

Objectives/Hypothesis

The tumor immune microenvironment in temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma (TBSCC), including the programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression and tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), has not been established.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

We performed immunohistochemistry analyses to retrospectively analyze 123 TBSCC cases for PD‐L1 expression and TILs and their prognostic significance. We also evaluated the prognostic correlations between these immunomarkers and the therapeutic responses to chemoradiotherapy (CRT).

Results

PD‐L1 expression (≥1%) was detected in 62 (50.4%) TBSCC cases and was significantly associated with worse prognosis: progression‐free survival (PFS), P < .0001; overall survival (OS), P = .0009. A high density of CD8+ TILs was significantly associated with better prognosis (PFS, P = .0012; OS, P = .0120). In contrast, a high density of Foxp3+ TILs tended to be associated with an unfavorable prognosis (PFS, P = .0148; OS, P = .0850). With regard to the tumor microenvironment subtypes defined by CD8+ TILs and PD‐L1 expression, the CD8low/PD‐L1+ group showed significantly worse prognosis. Among the 36 neoadjuvant CRT‐treated cases, PD‐L1 expression was significantly associated with worse OS (P = .0132). Among the 32 CRT‐treated cases without surgery, a high density of CD8+ TILs tended to be more highly associated with complete response to CRT compared to a low density of CD8+ TILs (P = .0702).

Conclusions

These results indicate that the evaluation of the tumor immune microenvironment may contribute to the prediction of prognoses and the selection of an individualized therapeutic strategy for patients with TBSCC.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 131:2674–2683, 2021
Anti‐nutritional compounds in pulses: Implications and alleviation methods
Authors: Kumar Yogesh , Basu Santanu , Goswami Deepika , Devi Mridula , Shivhare Uma Shanker , Vishwakarma Rajesh Kumar
Published: June 2021

Pulses are a rich source of protein and minerals particularly for the vegetarian and vegan population. However, several anti‐nutritional compounds, such as trypsin inhibitor, phenolic compounds, phytates, cyanogenic compounds, lectins and saponins are also found in the legumes. Most of the anti‐nutritional compounds of the pulses are present in the seed coat. Most of these compounds are sensitive to heat and can be substantially reduced by milling, cooking, germination, fermentation and heat processing. This review paper summarizes anti‐nutritional compounds present in different pulses including their fractions, significance and beneficial and adverse effect on human health. The aim of this paper is to enlighten the readers about the anti‐nutritional compounds present in the pulses and possible processing methods to enhance utilization of pulses.
LEADING BY INCLUSION: A ROAD FORWARD
Authors: Helgesen Sally
Published: June 2021

The author states that inclusive leadership is necessary for leading in the next 25 years, which will continue to be complex and unpredictable. In looking at links between diversity and inclusion, the author shows the difference in these terms: “Diversity describes the reality of today's global workforce: demographic diversity, but also diversity of values, beliefs and experiences. Inclusion describes the set of practices required to successfully lead this diverse workforce.” Several “tough truths” are examined; which in the author's words are: (1) Inclusion can only be demonstrated by inclusive behaviors. (2) Inclusive behaviors must be demonstrated at the leadership level. (3) Leaders who practice inclusion must hold those who report to them to account for doing so as well. The author says that she can “recommend three inclusive leadership practices that help mitigate against stress and position organizations to thrive, even in times of crisis.” These are, in her words: (1) Strengthen connectedness. (2) Practice advanced listening. (3) Be real. She concludes that the “only reliable way leaders can foster the robust and creative participation needed to thrive under such conditions is to lead in a way that enables their people to feel safe, seen and valued.”
Dual‐Targeting Polymeric Nanocarriers to Deliver ROS‐Responsive Prodrugs and Combat Multidrug Resistance of Cancer Cells
Authors: Xi Longchang , Wang Jingbo , Wang Yuheng , Ge Zhishen
Published: June 2021

Targeting delivery of anticancer drugs that can interact with DNA into mitochondria of cancer cells has been demonstrated to be an effective method to combat drug resistance. In this report, a cancer cell and mitochondria dual‐targeting drug delivery system (DT‐NP) is presented based on nanoparticles self‐assembled from amphiphilic block copolymers with pH‐responsive release of cinnamaldehyde (CA), which is used to encapsulate reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐activable prodrug, phenylboronic pinacol ester‐caged doxorubicin (BDOX). The surfaces of nanoparticles are conjugated by cancer cell‐targeting folic acid (FA) and mitochondria‐targeting triphenyl phosphonium (TPP) for dual targeting delivery. After incubation of DT‐NP with multidrug‐resistant breast cancer cells MCF‐7/ADR, CA release under acidic conditions in endosomes from DT‐NP can effectively induce intracellular oxidative stress improvement, especially in mitochondria. After targeting drug delivery into mitochondria, high level of ROS in mitochondria can in situ activate BDOX to interact with mitochondrial DNA and induce cell apoptosis. DT‐NP displays a remarkably higher cancer cell killing effect on MCF‐7/ADR as compared with DOX. Accordingly, DT‐NP shows great potentials toward multidrug‐resistant cancers as dual‐targeting drug delivery systems with intracellular oxidative stress improvement and ROS‐responsive prodrug activation in mitochondria.
Unraveling the Mechanism and Kinetics of Binding of an LCI‐eGFP‐Polymer for Antifouling Coatings
Authors: Söder Dominik , Garay‐Sarmiento Manuela , Rahimi Khosrow , Obstals Fabian , Dedisch Sarah , Haraszti Tamás , Davari Mehdi D. , Jakob Felix , Heß Christoph , Schwaneberg Ulrich , Rodriguez‐Emmenegger Cesar
Published: June 2021

The ability of proteins to adsorb irreversibly onto surfaces opens new possibilities to functionalize biological interfaces. Herein, the mechanism and kinetics of adsorption of protein‐polymer macromolecules with the ability to equip surfaces with antifouling properties are investigated. These macromolecules consist of the liquid chromatography peak I peptide from which antifouling polymer brushes are grafted using single electron transfer‐living radical polymerization. Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy reveals an adsorption mechanism that follows a Langmuir‐type of binding with a strong binding affinity to gold. X‐ray reflectivity supports this by proving that the binding occurs exclusively by the peptide. However, the lateral organization at the surface is directed by the cylindrical eGFP. The antifouling functionality of the unimolecular coatings is confirmed by contact with blood plasma. All coatings reduce the fouling from blood plasma by 8894% with only minor effect of the degree of polymerization for the studied range (DP between 101 and 932). The excellent antifouling properties, combined with the ease of polymerization and the straightforward coating procedure make this a very promising antifouling concept for a multiplicity of applications.
Natural Glycan Derived Biomaterials for Inflammation Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: Niu Yining , Xue Qixuan , Fu Yao
Published: June 2021

Inflammation is closely related to a variety of fatal or chronic diseases. Hence, targeting inflammation provides an alternative approach to improve the therapeutic outcome of diseases such as solid tumors, neurological diseases, and metabolic diseases. Polysaccharides are natural components with immune regulation, anti‐virus, anti‐cancer, anti‐inflammation, and anti‐oxidation activities. Herein, this review highlights recent progress in the polysaccharide‐based drug delivery systems for achieving inflammation targeting and its related disease treatment. Moreover, the chemical modification and the construction of polysaccharide materials for drug delivery are discussed in detail.
Dispositional mindfulness as an antecedent of privacy concerns: A protection motivation theory perspective
Authors: Ioannou Athina , Tussyadiah Iis , Marshan Alaa
Published: June 2021

This study investigates the effects of mindfulness, an important personality trait, on people's perceptions of privacy. Using protection motivation theory as a conceptual foundation, the central tenet is that mindfulness plays an important role in people's threat appraisal process of privacy concerns and thus influences one's intention to share personal information online. A survey‐based approach was employed to measure privacy attitudes of 685 UK individuals about online data disclosure. Our findings demonstrate that mindfulness contributes to the formation of privacy concerns. A more mindful consumer is more likely to adopt a more objective appraisal style, interpret privacy threats as less threatening, and thus share personal information online.
Polymer Micelles Composed of Molecular‐Bottlebrush‐Based Surfactants: Precisely Controlling Aggregation Number Corresponding to Polyhedral Structures
Authors: Fujii Shota , Eichhorn Jonas , Schacher Felix H. , Brendel Johannes C. , Sakurai Kazuo
Published: June 2021

Over the past few decades, there has been remarkable progress in the construction of self‐assemblies in the field of supramolecular chemistry, such as micelles with precisely controlled and refined structures. One promising approach represents the previously proposed concept of Platonic micelles, in which the aggregation number (Nagg) is discretized in accordance with vertexes of regular polyhedra (i.e., Platonic solids), i.e., 4, 6, 8, 12, and 20 units. Herein, attempt is made to construct Platonic polymer micelles using rigid and persistent architecture of molecular‐bottlebrush‐based surfactant (MBS). The structure of MBS micelles is carefully elucidated using small‐angle X‐ray and light scattering and analytical centrifugation measurements. This study shows that the Nagg of MBS micelles is consistent with one of the Platonic numbers when Nagg is intentionally set in the range of 4–20. In addition, some of the MBS micelles demonstrate a discontinuous change in Nagg, when the salt concentration is changed, which is an important factor in controlling micellar Nagg. This is one of the characteristic aggregation behaviors of Platonic micelles in surfactant systems, which strongly indicates the formation of Platonic micelles from macromolecular surfactants.
Earnings and discretionary accruals
Authors: Jamadar Yasmin , Ong Tze San , Abdullah Asna Atqa , Kamarudin Fakarudin
Published: June 2021

Earnings management is a concerning issue for investors and regulators as it reduces the informativeness of financial reporting. Discretionary accruals are acknowledged to be proxies for earnings management. The study is conducted on firms in the US markets from 1975 to 2012, and the quantitative methodology is applied. Earnings management is revealed by an abnormal level of accruals relative to the firm's business activity. This paper investigates the earnings pattern and earnings management of the firm based on different models of discretionary accruals as proxies for earnings management: modified Jones, performance‐matched discretionary, and growth‐based cash flow discretionary accruals. Using a novel approach to detect the earnings pattern of firms, we find that firms in the negative earnings group are more involved in earnings management activity.
Numerical solution of Volterra–Fredholm integral equations with Hosoya polynomials
Authors: Geçmen Merve Zeynep , Çelik Ercan
Published: June 2021

In this study, Volterra–Fredholm integral equation is solved by Hosoya polynomials. The solutions obtained with these methods were compared on the figure and table. And error analysis was done. MATLAB programming language has been used to obtain conclusions, tables, and error analysis within a certain algorithm.
Iterative learning consensus control with initial state learning for fractional order distributed parameter models multi‐agent systems
Authors: Lan Yong‐Hong , Bin Wu , Zhou Yong
Published: June 2021

This paper considers the consensus control problem of multi‐agent systems (MAS) with distributed parameter models. Based on the framework of network topologies, a second‐order PI‐type iterative learning control (ILC) protocol with initial state learning is proposed by using the nearest neighbor knowledge. A discrete system for proposed ILC is established, and the consensus control problem is then converted to a stability problem for such a discrete system. Furthermore, by using generalized Gronwall inequality, a sufficient condition for the convergence of the consensus errors between any two agents is obtained. Finally, the validity of the proposed method is verified by two numerical examples.
Family integrated care: Supporting parents as primary caregivers in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Waddington Chandra , van Veenendaal Nicole R. , O’Brien Karel , Patel Neil ,   for the International Steering Committee for Family Integrated Care
Published: June 2021

Family integrated care (FICare) is a collaborative model of neonatal care which aims to address the negative impacts of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) environment by involving parents as equal partners, minimizing separation, and supporting parent‐infant closeness. FICare incorporates psychological, educational, communication, and environmental strategies to support parents to cope with the NICU environment and to prepare them to be able to emotionally, cognitively, and physically care for their infant. FICare has been associated with improved infant feeding, growth, and parent wellbeing and self‐efficacy; important mediators for long‐term improved infant neurodevelopmental and behavioural outcomes. FICare implementation requires multi‐disciplinary commitment, staff motivation, and sufficient time for preparation and readiness for change as professionals relinquish power and control to instead develop collaborative partnerships with parents. Successful FICare implementation and culture change have been applied by neonatal teams internationally, using practical approaches suited to their local environments. Strategies such as parent and staff meetings and relational communication help to break down barriers to change by providing space for the co‐creation of knowledge, the negotiation of caregiving roles and the development of trusting relationships. The COVID‐19 pandemic highlighted the vulnerability within programs supporting parental presence in neonatal units and the profound impacts of parent‐infant separation. New technologies and digital innovations can help to mitigate these challenges, and support renewed efforts to embed FICare philosophy and practice in neonatal care during the COVID‐19 recovery and beyond.
The Internet and public policy: Future directions
Authors: Margetts Helen , Lehdonvirta Vili , González‐Bailón Sandra , Hutchinson Jonathon , Bright Jonathan , Nash Vicki , Sutcliffe David
Published: June 2021

In January 2021, the editorial team of Policy & Internet changed from the Oxford Internet Institute to the Department of Media and Communications at the University of Sydney. This article invites all the past and current editors to contribute to the future directions and discussion of internet and public policy. It is collection of six contributions covering the trajectory of the internet policy research agenda, platform power in the digital economy, algorithms and the need for transparency, media diversity and platform regulation, speech in the age of content moderation and age‐gating the internet. The collection of essays highlights the past 10 years of the journal and paints a clear trajectory for the next era of Policy & Internet.
Hyperinflation is associated with increased respiratory rate and is a more sensitive measure of cystic fibrosis lung disease during infancy compared to forced expiratory measures
Authors: Muston Heather N. , Slaven James E. , Tiller Christina , Clem Charles , Ferkol Thomas W. , Ranganathan Sarath , Davis Stephanie D. , Ren Clement L.
Published: June 2021

Background

The goal of this study was to identify clinical features associated with abnormal infant pulmonary function tests (iPFTs), specifically functional residual capacity (FRC), in infants with cystic fibrosis (CF) diagnosed via newborn screen (NBS). We hypothesized that poor nutritional status in the first 6–12 months would be associated with increased FRC at 12‐24 months.

Methods

This study utilized a combination of retrospectively and prospectively collected data from ongoing research studies and iPFTs performed for clinical indications. Demographic and clinical features were obtained from the electronic medical record. Forced expiratory flows and volumes were obtained using the raised volume rapid thoracoabdominal technique (RVRTC) and FRC was measured via plethysmography.

Results

A total of 45 CF NBS infants had iPFTs performed between 12 and 24 months. Mean forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 0.5 s, and forced expiratory flows were all within normal limits. In contrast, the mean FRC z‐score was 2.18 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.48, 2.88) and the mean respiratory rate (RR) z‐score was 1.42 (95% CI = 0.95, 1.89). There was no significant association between poor nutritional status and abnormal lung function. However, there was a significant association between higher RR and increased FRC, and a RR cutoff of 36 breaths/min resulted in 92% sensitivity to detect hyperinflation with 32% specificity.

Conclusion

These results suggest that FRC is a more sensitive measure of early CF lung disease than RVRTC measurements and that RR may be a simple, noninvasive clinical marker to identify CF NBS infants with hyperinflation.
Ventilatory limitations are not associated with dyspnea on exertion or reduced aerobic fitness in pectus excavatum
Authors: Hardie William , Powell Adam W. , Jenkins Todd M. , Foster Karla , Tretter Justin T. , Fleck Robert J. , Garcia Victor F. , Brown Rebeccah L.
Published: June 2021

Exercise intolerance and chest pain are common symptoms in patients with pectus excavatum. To assess if the anatomic extent of pectus deformities determined by the correction index (CI) is associated with a pulmonary impairment at rest and during exercise we performed a retrospective review on pectus patients in our center who completed a symptom questionnaire, cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), pulmonary function tests (PFT), and chest magnetic resonance imaging. Of 259 patients studied, dyspnea on exertion and chest pain was reported in 64% and 41%, respectively. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2) was reduced in 30% and classified as mild in two‐thirds. A pulmonary limitation during exercise was identified in less than 3%. Ventilatory limitations on PFT was found in 26% and classified as mild in 85%. Obstruction was the most common abnormal pattern (11%). There were no differences between patients with normal or abnormal PFT patterns for the CI, VO2, or percentage reporting dyspnea or chest pain. Scatter plots demonstrated significant but weak inverse relationships between the CI and lung volumes at rest and during exercise. Multivariable linear regression modeling evaluating predictors of VO2 demonstrated positive associations with the forced expiratory volume at one second and a negative association with the CI. We conclude that resting PFT patterns have poor correlation with the anatomic extent of the pectus defect, symptomatology or aerobic fitness. Pulmonary limitations on CPET are uncommon and lung volumes during exercise are only minimally associated with the CI.
Charge migration in caffeine: A real‐time time‐dependent density functional theory study
Authors: Khalili Fatemeh , Vafaee Mohsen , Cho Daeheum , Shokri Babak
Published: June 2021

We present a real‐time time dependent density functional theory approach to simulate charge migration of caffeine molecule after selective photoionization. According to the fact that the time evolution of the created hole can affect the molecular reaction and subsequent dynamics difference from its original structure, we studied the dominant frequency variation of caffeine charge oscillation after ionization of outer shell orbital. In this work, we determined the main orbitals participating in the total charge migration process by comparing the dipole moment peaks to the Fourier signals of the time dependent molecular orbitals (MOs) occupation. Having used the Bader charge analysis, we showed that different valence ionization of molecule resulted in a distinct charge migration between different regions, functional groups, and atoms of cations. We represented two interesting different cases: 1‐for ionization out from 46th MO of caffeine, the MOs interfere of the cation resulted in a charge migration between oxygen atoms and upper nitrogen of five‐membered ring, 2‐ for ionization out from 39th MO of caffeine, a different behavior of hole occurred according to which the hole spread throughout the whole molecule. Therefore, a specific MO ionization could result in a dramatically different migration and active site of cation.
Fair weather forecasting? The shortcomings of big data for sustainable development, a case study from Hubballi‐Dharwad, India
Authors: Sudmant Andrew , Viguié Vincent , Lepetit Quentin , Oates Lucy , Datey Abhijit , Gouldson Andy , Watling David
Published: June 2021

Sustainable urban mobility is an essential component of sustainable development but requires careful planning in rapidly growing urban areas. This paper investigates the value and limitations of Big Data for evaluating transport policies, plans, and projects in Hubballi‐Dharwad, India. Results show how Big Data can enable the outcomes of transport interventions to be evaluated more readily than conventional transport analysis. However, the analysis also found that this data may be less able to detect the impacts of travel behaviours in informal settlements, and the impact of extreme weather events. These potential shortcomings, as well as a lack of transparency around the methodology and data sources used by sources of Big Data, could generate unintended consequences and biases in transport planning. Reflecting on these challenges, and the wider implications for urban governance, we conclude that there is an urgent need for Big Data and other technical advances in urban modelling to be seen as compliments to, rather than substitutes for, wider methods of knowledge generation in urban areas.