bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DAS ENDE DES ‘ACOUSTIC TURN’ IN DER AUFKLÄRUNG? HERDERS ‘TON’
Authors: Previšić Boris
Published: June 2018

The Enlightenment is flanked by an ‘acoustic turn’ which begins with the highly relativised ‘tempered attunement’ in the latter part of the seventeenth century. This new temperament permits a musical modularity that departs from the existing mean‐tone temperament. At the same time, it organises the subtle interplay of harmonic and melodic structure through physiological references. As will be shown here by the examples taken from Jean‐Philippe Rameau (1722), Johann Mattheson (1725), and Denis Diderot (1751), the aesthetic reception and production of man as a stringed instrument was conceptualised, in new and acoustically precise fashion, within this area of tension. Johann Gottfried Herder also inscribes himself within this transference from musical theory to physiology. At the same time, in the Viertes Kritisches Wäldchen (1769), he reduces the interleaving of melody and harmony to the single tone, which produces a direct, sympathetic relationship between a specific acoustic vibrancy and emotional stirring. In so doing, he abandons the harmonic relations and the broad variance of tempered scales of the eighteenth century. Insofar as Herder ultimately, in Calligone (1800), exhibits interest only in the succession of individual tones, he propounds a new genealogical order of knowledge. Parallel to this, the music of the early nineteenth century undergoes a standardisation of semitone steps which permanently abandons the subtle relationship between the harmonic and melodic structure favoured in the Enlightenment.
ʻNOCH SIND ALLES NUR ANDEUTUNGEN…ʼ: DAS FRAGMENTARISCHE IN NOVALISʼ DIE CHRISTENHEIT ODER EUROPA
Authors: Sprenger Karoline
Published: June 2018

Novalisʼ speech Europa is one of the most striking texts of early Romanticism. Against the background of an – ironically treated – ʻRomantic conservatismʼ, Novalis conceives of a religious utopia, the basis of which seems to be a return to an idealised medieval age. He finished the speech in 1799, but it was only published in its entirety in 1826, long after his death. The more precise published title Die Christenheit oder Europa, by which the work still goes today, is by an unknown hand, as is the addition, in the form of a sub‐title: Ein Fragment. What may seem like a philological transgression from todayʼs point of view makes sense when this sub‐title is placed in the Romantic context of Friedrich Schlegelʼs ʻProgressive Universalpoesieʼ and Novalis's own ʻFragmentästhetikʼ. Although it is a finished text, and one which the author himself had also delivered as a finished speech, this article shows that Die Christenheit oder Europa is indeed a fragment in the specific sense of Romantic aesthetics and, moreover, a prime example of such a fragment. Once this is recognised, new perspectives emerge for interpretation. Thus, Novalis's utopian design contains an openness pointing beyond itself, which elevates the text far beyond the religious fixation and levity that are often attributed to it.
LIBERAL ALARM: WEST GERMAN PRESS COVERAGE OF US CIVIL RIGHTS, 1950s TO 1966
Authors: Sackett Robert
Published: June 2018

Beginning in the 1950s, the West German press reported on US race relations. While ‘liberal’ on Civil Rights, it often expressed ambivalence or alarm. The background of these responses included the ‘re‐education’ of West Germans, in which American occupation officials tried to discredit Nazi racism, but also offered a view of US history in which the post‐Civil War Reconstruction of the South had allowed black men sexual access to white women. Some press writers represented Reconstruction as the origin of white resistance to equality, and often showed more sympathy for the resisters than was consistent with their stated support for black rights. Using the language of racial mixture, they evoked the fear felt by many southern whites and also alluded to contemporary West German anxiety about mixed‐race children of German women and black‐American GIs. About 1964, in an increasingly liberal environment, the press dropped this theme, but offered alarming accounts of black militancy. Around that time, ‘coming to terms with the past’ suggested comparisons of American with Nazi racism. The mainstream German press of the early 1960s was dividing into ‘liberal’ and ‘conservative’ branches, but both supported Civil Rights. These were also the years when a young generation of journalists rose to positions on editorial staffs, but older journalists were also supportive of the black cause. The conclusion draws attention to the lack of empathy with blacks in a discourse favouring black rights, and recommends a more concrete explanatory model than those found in a historiography favouring abstraction.
EMOTIONAL AMBIVALENCE AND THE MUSICAL CANON: ELFRIEDE JELINEK'S RESTAGING OF SCHUBERT'S SONGS IN WINTERREISE (2011)
Authors: Smith Tom
Published: June 2018

This article analyses Elfriede Jelinek's Winterreise (2011), a play that demands a re‐assessment of our contemporary relationship with canonical artworks and artistic traditions. Reviewers praised Winterreise as a remarkably personal and emotional work, but the role of emotions in the play is more than just a reflection on Jelinek's biography or her own ageing. Jelinek stages a meditation on the strong, yet ambivalent feelings bound up with the cultural canon, and with the First Viennese School in particular. For Jelinek, Schubert's music explores marginalised subjectivities but also forms a centrepiece of the Austrian song tradition, which her work has repeatedly associated with the containment and marginalisation of women and others by an oppressive bourgeois society. Yet by drawing on and echoing the ambivalent emotional worlds of Schubert's settings, Jelinek suggests how close attention to the emotions associated with cultural traditions can shed light on structures that exclude certain subjects, while creating space for the negative emotions of society's most isolated and marginalised. I draw on contemporary theories of emotions, musicological scholarship, and analysis of Schubert's song cycle to shed light on the importance of emotional ambivalence for Jelinek's evolving articulation of the value and political difficulties of the musical canon.
FALK RICHTER AND ANOUK VAN DIJK'S COMPLEXITY OF BELONGING: EXPLORING INTERNATIONALISATION IN CONTEMPORARY THEATRE
Authors: Birgfeld Johannes , Garde Ulrike
Published: June 2018

Complexity of Belonging is a work with a fundamentally international character. Created by the German director‐playwright Falk Richter, the Dutch choreographer Anouk van Dijk, and members of her Australian dance company Chunky Move, this intercontinental co‐production has been touring internationally since its premiere in 2014 (for example to Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and Taiwan). At a time of increasing international theatrical exchanges in general and between Germany and Australia in particular, this article takes Complexity of Belonging to explore the degree to which underlying poetological and dramaturgical concepts, as much as specific details of the show's mise‐en‐scène, might be seen as enabling the international appeal of a show like this. The article considers the production against the background of past and present German‐Australian cultural relationships on the stage, combining textual and performance analysis with an examination of journalistic reception in the countries where Complexity of Belonging has toured to date.
Synthesis of novel low‐cost porous gangue microsphere/geopolymer composites and their adsorption properties for dyes
Authors: Yan Shu , He Peigang , Jia Dechang , Wang Qinggang , Liu Jingjing , Yang Jinlong , Huang Yong
Published: June 2018

A novel porous coal gangue microsphere/geopolymer (CG/KGP) composite was firstly synthesized by adding gangue microspheres into geopolymer matrix. Effects of precalcined temperature of CG microspheres on the microstructure and specific surface area of the porous CG/KGP particles were systematically investigated. Adsorption properties of the CG/KGP composites were also reported. Results showed that the CG/KGP composites contained mainly amorphous phase and many functional groups were on the particle surface. The precalcined CG microspheres were dispersed homogenously and bonded well with the KGP matrix. The CG900/KGP samples showed better adsorption properties than the pure KGP. As for the dosage of 4 g/L (starting concentration, 100 mg/L), adsorption capacity achieved the highest value of 24.6 mg/g and the removal efficiency reached 98%. Adsorption of MB onto CG900/KGP particles followed the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. The novel porous CG/KGP composite has potential application in wastewater filtration and adsorption treatment.
Influence of carbon on stability, mechanical property, electronic structure, and lattice dynamics of silicon carbonitride
Authors: Hua Guomin , Zhong Jin , Qi Yang , Cheng Xiaonong
Published: June 2018

In this study, first‐principles calculations were performed to study the stability, mechanical property, electronic structure and lattice dynamics of β‐Si3(Cx,N1−x)4 silicon carbonitride. The solubility of carbon in β‐Si3(Cx,N1−x)4 having a stable structure is shown to be about 15 at.%. Within the limit of solubility, an increase in carbon concentration in β‐Si3(Cx,N1−x)4 will lead to a decrease in the Young's modulus and density and an increase in the Poisson's ratio. The study of deformation behavior shows that the most likely slip system of is on prismatic plane rather than on basal plane. This feature of β‐Si3(Cx,N1−x)4 is similar to WC. In addition, the ductility and fracture toughness of β‐Si3(Cx,N1−x)4 can be optimized by controlling the carbon concentration. The improvement in ductility and fracture toughness can be attributed to the formation of metallic bonds by the incorporation of carbon atoms. The lattice dynamics study shows that the structural stability of β‐Si3(Cx,N1−x)4 is controlled by energy stability criteria under stress‐free condition. In the stressed state, the structural stability of β‐Si3(Cx,N1−x)4 is controlled by the elastic stability criteria. Subsequently, the β‐Si3(Cx,N1−x)4 solid solution was prepared by self‐propagating high‐temperature synthesis (SHS), and the carbon‐concentration‐dependent mechanical properties were consistent with the first‐principles calculations. The maximum fracture toughness of 10.4 MPa·m0.5 was obtained in β‐Si3(Cx,N1−x)4 at carbon concentration of 5 wt%, which means that the solid solution toughening can be used as a supplement to crack bridging toughening and phase transition toughening for ceramic toughening. The results obtained in this study reveal that the β‐Si3(Cx,N1−x)4 solid solution is a promising candidate for high‐speed ceramic bearings.
Low temperature synthesis and characterization of nano‐crystalline Mg(Zr0.05Ti0.95)O3 ceramics
Authors: Gogoi Pallabi , Singh Laishram Robindro , Pamu Dobbidi
Published: June 2018

Mg(Zr0.05Ti0.95)O3 (MZrT) ceramics nanoparticles have been synthesized by polyol method for the first time. The phase evaluation of the MZrT nanoparticles was confirmed using thermo gravimetric analysis and the phase purity of the samples were analyzed using X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed the average particle size between 30 and 40 nm. The optical bandgap is in the range of 3.66‐3.82 eV and is attributed to the quantum confinement effect. Interestingly, the nanopowders sintered at 950°C for 3 hours exhibit the maximum density of 97.52% of the theoretical density which is attributed to the higher sintering velocity of the smaller particles. The obtained microstructure of the ceramics reveals porous free uniform microstructure with prominent grain boundaries. A best combination of microwave dielectric properties (εr ~18.04, Q × fo ~175 THz at 9.5 GHz) are obtained for MZrT ceramics sintered at 950°C for 3 hours. The non‐Debye‐like relaxation process is found to exist inside the sample confirmed by impedance spectroscopy. The AC conduction mechanism is explained on the basis of Correlated Barrier Hopping model. Thermal conductivity of the MZrT ceramics is found to be 10 W/mK. The obtained properties of MZrT ceramics are suitable for resonator, microwave integrated circuit and LTCC applications.
Impact of sarcopenia on the risk of advanced colorectal neoplasia
Authors: Hong Ji Taek , Kim Tae Jun , Pyo Jeung Hui , Kim Eun Ran , Hong Sung Noh , Kim Young‐Ho , Ahn Hyeon Seon , Sohn Insuk , Chang Dong Kyung
Published: June 2018

Background and Aim

Sarcopenia is a pathological condition characterized by the progressive loss of muscle mass and increased amount of visceral fat. Recent evidence has revealed that sarcopenia is associated with certain diseases. However, the impact of sarcopenia on colorectal neoplasia has not been documented clearly. We studied the association between sarcopenia and advanced colorectal neoplasia in a large screening population.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included 14 024 asymptomatic adults who underwent first‐time screening colonoscopy. Sarcopenia (class II) was defined as an appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM)/bodyweight (%) value more than two standard deviations below the mean for healthy young adults. ASM was estimated using bioelectrical impedance analysis.

Results

In a multivariable model adjusted for age, sex, obesity (body mass index ≥ 25), smoking status, alcohol intake, regular exercise, and family history of colorectal cancer, the odds ratio (OR) for advanced colorectal neoplasia on comparing participants with sarcopenia (class II) to those without sarcopenia (class I + II) was 1.52 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23–1.86). Further adjustment for metabolic parameters attenuated this association, but the association was still significant (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.07–1.68). Furthermore, the multivariable (traditional risk factors)‐adjusted OR associated with a 1% decrease on the introduction of ASM/weight% as a continuous variable in regression models was 1.04 (95% CI, 1.01–1.07) for advanced colorectal neoplasia.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that sarcopenia is significantly and progressively associated with the risk of advanced colorectal neoplasia. This association might be explained by metabolic factors that could be potential mediators of the effect of sarcopenia.
Maintenance of species boundaries in three sympatricLigularia(Senecioneae, Asteraceae) species
Authors: Zhang Ningning , Ma Yongpeng , Folk Ryan A. , Yu Jiaojun , Pan Yuezhi , Gong Xun
Published: June 2018

The key process in speciation concerns the formation and maintenance of reproductive isolating barriers between diverging lineages. Although species boundaries are frequently investigated between two species across many taxa, reproductive isolating barriers among multiple species (>2) that would represent the most common phenomenon in nature, remain to be clarified. Here, we use double digest restriction‐site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing to examine patterns of hybridization at a sympatric site where threeLigulariaspecies grow together and verify whether those patterns contribute to the maintenance of boundaries among species. The results based on the RAD SNP datasets indicated hybridizationLigularia cyathiceps × L. duciformisandL. duciformis × L. yunnanensiswere both restricted to F1s plus a few first‐generation backcrosses and no gene introgression were identified, giving rise to strong reproductive isolation among hybridizing species. Moreover, hybrid swarm simulation, using HYBRIDLAB, indicated the RAD SNP datasets had sufficient discriminatory power for accurate hybrid detection. We conclude that parental species show strong reproductive isolation and they still maintain species boundaries, which may be the key mechanism to maintain species diversity ofLigulariain the eastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau and adjacent areas. Moreover, this study highlights the effectiveness of RAD sequencing in hybridization studies.
The Use of 3D Printed Tooth Preparation to Assist in Teaching and Learning in Preclinical Fixed Prosthodontics Courses
Authors: Boonsiriphant Piriya , Al‐Salihi Zeina , Holloway Julie A. , Schneider Galen B.
Published: June 2018

Tooth preparation for fixed dental prostheses is not an easy procedure to understand spatially, especially for first‐year dental students. This technical report describes an innovative technique for assisting learning in preclinical fixed prosthodontics courses. Ideal full‐contour tooth preparations are digitally scanned and 3D printed to the exact specifications of the ideal preparation. Students and faculty use these printed tooth preparations as teaching and learning tools to facilitate in 3D visualization for fixed prosthodontics courses.
Knowledge, Safety, and Meta‐Epistemic Belief
Authors: Ross Jacob
Published: June 2018

This article raises problems both for the view that safe belief is necessary for knowledge and for the view that it is sufficient. Focusing on ‘meta‐epistemic beliefs,’ or beliefs about the epistemic status of one's own beliefs, it is shown that the necessity claim has counterintuitive implications and that the sufficiency claim implies a contradiction. It is then shown that meta‐epistemic beliefs raise similar problems for a wide range of accounts of knowledge, and hence that they provide a powerful test for theories of knowledge.
QQS orphan gene and its interactor NF‐YC4 reduce susceptibility to pathogens and pests
Authors: Qi Mingsheng , Zheng Wenguang , Zhao Xuefeng , Hohenstein Jessica D. , Kandel Yuba , O'Conner Seth , Wang Yifan , Du Chuanlong , Nettleton Dan , MacIntosh Gustavo C. , Tylka Gregory L. , Wurtele Eve S. , Whitham Steven A. , Li Ling
Published: June 2018

Enhancing the nutritional quality and disease resistance of crops without sacrificing productivity is a key issue for developing varieties that are valuable to farmers and for simultaneously improving food security and sustainability. Expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana species‐specific AtQQS (Qua‐Quine Starch) orphan gene or its interactor, NF‐YC4 (Nuclear Factor Y, subunit C4), has been shown to increase levels of leaf/seed protein without affecting the growth and yield of agronomic species. Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of AtQQS and NF‐YC4 in Arabidopsis and soybean enhances resistance/reduces susceptibility to viruses, bacteria, fungi, aphids and soybean cyst nematodes. A series of Arabidopsis mutants in starch metabolism were used to explore the relationships between QQS expression, carbon and nitrogen partitioning, and defense. The enhanced basal defenses mediated by QQS were independent of changes in protein/carbohydrate composition of the plants. We demonstrate that either AtQQS or NF‐YC4 overexpression in Arabidopsis and in soybean reduces susceptibility of these plants to pathogens/pests. Transgenic soybean lines overexpressing NF‐YC4 produce seeds with increased protein while maintaining healthy growth. Pull‐down studies reveal that QQS interacts with human NF‐YC, as well as with Arabidopsis NF‐YC4, and indicate two QQS binding sites near the NF‐YC‐histone‐binding domain. A new model for QQS interaction with NF‐YC is speculated. Our findings illustrate the potential of QQS and NF‐YC4 to increase protein and improve defensive traits in crops, overcoming the normal growth‐defense trade‐offs.
On Member‐Driven, Efficient and Fair Timeshare Exchanges
Authors: Cesaret Bahriye , Dawande Milind , Rajapakshe Tharanga
Published: June 2018

Vacation Timeshare is a form of ownership or “right to use” of a resort property for a specific time period (typically a week) each year. Timeshare exchange refers to the non‐monetary trading of timeshare weeks among owners, so that they can interchange their vacation homes to experience new destinations. The need for member participation during the exchange process has been well‐recognized for a variety of practical reasons, including the reluctance of members to accept an authoritarian solution that does not provide any information about the exchange process and their desire to experience some control over the process. Another important need is to ensure that, given the members’ preferences, an exchange solution offers collectively the best‐possible improvement over their currently‐owned weeks, while being “fair” to all participants. We suggest two objectives to capture the efficiency and fairness of an exchange solution. For the resulting bi‐criteria problem, we show that a solution that is simultaneously near‐optimal on both objectives may not exist. Our main contribution is an efficient algorithm in which (i) each member uses her private preference list to communicate with other members, and the members, through such communications, collectively achieve an individually rational allocation, and (ii) for any desired approximation bounds α and β on, respectively, efficiency and fairness, the following property holds: if an ( α, β)‐approximate solution exists, then the solution provided by the algorithm satisfies this approximation guarantee; otherwise, the solution is an α‐approximation on the efficiency measure and, among all such allocations, has the best fairness measure.
What's in a blush? Physiological blushing reveals narcissistic children's social‐evaluative concerns
Authors: Brummelman Eddie , Nikolić Milica , Bögels Susan M.
Published: June 2018

Physiological responses can reveal emotional states that individuals are unwilling to admit to others. Here, we studied what blushing reveals about the emotional states of narcissistic children. Narcissistic children (i.e., those high on the personality trait of narcissism) have a pervasive sense of grandiosity. We theorized that narcissistic children are so invested in their sense of grandiosity that even modest praise can make them feel depreciated. Because narcissistic children may not admit this feeling to others, we measured their physiological blushing: an involuntary reddening of the face that occurs when individuals anticipate being depreciated. Unlike other emotional expressions, blushing cannot be faked. Children (N = 105, ages 7–12) completed the Childhood Narcissism Scale and were then invited to sing a song on stage. They were randomly assigned to receive inflated praise (e.g., “You sang incredibly well!”), modest praise (“You sang well!”), or no praise for their performance. Blushing was recorded using photoplethysmography and temperature sensing. Afterward, children were asked how much they thought they had blushed. As predicted, narcissistic children—unlike nonnarcissistic children—blushed when they received modest praise, not when they received inflated praise. Specifically, they showed increased blood volume pulse (i.e., fast changes in blood volume with each heartbeat). Strikingly, when asked, narcissistic children denied blushing, perhaps to hide their vulnerabilities. Thus, blushing revealed social‐evaluative concerns that narcissistic children wished to keep private.
Is applied nucleation a straightforward, cost‐effective forest restoration approach? Counter‐response to Holl and Zahawi (2018)
Authors: Ramírez‐Soto Aníbal , Lucio‐Palacio César R. , Rodríguez‐Mesa Rafael , Sheseña‐Hernández Ixchel , Farhat Fadi N. , Villa‐Bonilla Bernardino , Landa Libreros Laura , Gutiérrez Sosa Gabriela , Trujillo Santos Omar , Gómez Sánchez Israel , Ruelas Inzunza Ernesto
Published: June 2018

Holl and Zahawi (2018) agree on a number of approaches that we describe in a local case study of tropical montane cloud forest restoration in Mexico. However, they contend our argument that most applied nucleation projects have taken place in tropical lowlands as a mistake. They also provide data on the per‐hectare cost of restoration projects in Costa Rica and compare it to a higher cost figure of plantation‐style reforestation, a view contrary to ours. Last, Holl and Zahawi recognize that applied nucleation requires specialized personnel, but imply that the amount of training needed for this endeavor is not very different than what is required to implement other forest recovery projects. In this counter‐response, we provide some refinements to our original opinion and offer further information in support to our perspective.
FINANCIAL LINKAGES IN THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY: AN EXTENDED MULTISECTORAL MODEL ON THE SOCIAL ACCOUNTING MATRIX
Authors: Ahmed Irfan , Socci Claudio , Severini Francesca , Yasser Qaiser Rafique , Pretaroli Rosita
Published: June 2018

This study constructs a social accounting matrix for Nigeria for 2010. An extended multisectoral model is calibrated to analyze the backward (power) and forward (sensitivity) dispersion to identify the key industries in the economy and their importance to other industries in the economy. The study identifies financial services as one of the key industries of the Nigerian economy, highlighting its greater importance and role in boosting economic growth. Several policy options may be simulated to investigate the spillover effects in the whole economy.
Autoimmune diseases and 8.1 ancestral haplotype: An update
Authors: Gambino C. M. , Aiello A. , Accardi G. , Caruso C. , Candore G.
Published: June 2018

The aim of the present review is to provide an update of the current research into the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases associated with 8.1 ancestral haplotype. This is a common Caucasoid haplotype carried by most people who type for HLA‐B8, DR3. Numerous genetic studies reported that individuals with certain HLA alleles have a higher risk of specific autoimmune disorders than those without these alleles. However, much remains to be learned about the heritability of autoimmune conditions. Recently, progress and advances in the field of genome‐wide‐association studies have revolutionized the capacity to perform large, economically feasible, and statistically robust analyses of HLA within 8.1 ancestral haplotype, and understand its contribute to autoimmune events.

In this paper, the characteristic features of this haplotype that might give rise to diverse autoimmune phenotypes are reviewed, focusing on the contribution of the HLA‐DRB1 gene, the most polymorphic sequence within the HLA II region.
Voicing climate change? Television, public engagement and the politics of voice
Authors: Smith Joe , Revill George , Hammond Kim
Published: June 2018

This paper examines a body of TV commissions made for BBC Television that formed components of the BBC Climate Chaos season (2006–2007). These commissions represent the first and, to date, only concerted attempt to address the issue of climate change with a range of approaches across a number of broadcast and online platforms within a public service broadcasting context across an extended season. The paper contributes to the task of balancing the relatively extensive body of research into news media coverage of climate change with that of longer form broadcast content. It examines these programmes as a particular moment in the history of broadcasting, lying on the threshold of a proliferating number of TV channels and the burgeoning growth of interactive digital and social media based forms of leisure and public engagement. It takes as its starting point Couldry's plea to make voice a key focus for the promotion of more democratic media spaces. Specifically, it examines this assertion in relation to calls for polyvocality and the need for new and expanded political spaces in relation to human‐induced climate change. The paper contributes to the developing geography of voice in relation to public understanding and debate of complex global issues. At the most practical level, it also assesses a body of innovations and experiments in content, tone and media mix in broadcast television commissions on climate change, and points to areas for future investment.
A Genetic Algorithm for Developing Modular Product Architectures
Authors: Yu Tian-Li , Yassine Ali A. , Goldberg David E.
Published: June 2018

The architecture of a product is determined by both the elements that compose the product and the way in which they interact with each other. In this paper, we use the design structure matrix (DSM) as a tool to capture this architecture. Designing modular products can result in many benefits to both consumers and manufacturers. The development of modular products requires the identification of highly interactive groups of elements and arranging (i.e. clustering) them into modules. However, no rigorous DSM clustering technique can be found in product development literature. This paper presets a review of the basic DSM building blocks used in the identification of product modules. The DSM representation and building blocks are used to develop a new DSM clustering tool based on a genetic algorithm (GA) and the minimum description length (MDL) principle. The new tool is capable of partitioning the product architecture into an “optimal” set of modules or sub-systems. We demonstrate this new clustering method using an example of a complex product architecture for an industrial gas turbine.
Multimodal ultrasonographic evaluation in a case with unossified primary synovial osteochondromatosis
Authors: Maghear Lavinia , Serban Oana , Papp Iulia , Otel Ovidiu , Manole Simona , Botan Emil , Fodor Daniela
Published: June 2018

Primary synovial osteochondromatosis is a rare disorder and its diagnosis remains a challenge to the physician. We present the case of 36 year old patient with right knee monoarthritis in which ultrasound findings, corroborated with clinical and histopathological evidence confirmed the diagnosis of unossified primary synovial osteochondromatosis. The arthroscopy with synovectomy found multiple intra-articular loose bodies occupying the entire joint. The ultrasonographic findings were extensively evaluated.
A proposed description of the natural life cycle of Amblyomma brasiliense (Acari: Ixodidae) in a primary Atlantic rainforest environment in Brazil
Authors: Luz Hermes Ribeiro , Furusawa Guilherme , Flausino Walter , McIntosh Douglas , Faccini João
Published: June 2018

The life cycles, under experimental conditions, of many neotropical ticks including Amblyomma brasiliense Aragão have been elucidated, however relatively little information is available with reference to their life cycles under natural conditions. The present study sought to investigate the natural life cycle of A. brasiliense, an aggressive human biting tick, within the Itatiaia National Park (INP), Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil.  A total of 245 ticks, collected from wild birds, peccaries (Tayassu pecari) and humans or recovered free-living on forest trails, were included in the analyses. All ticks were identified as A. brasiliense using a combination of morphological and molecular techniques (polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing). The parasitological data produced in this investigation, were combined with findings from previous studies to elaborate a proposed, natural life cycle for A. brasiliense in the INP, a preserved Atlantic rainforest habitat. It is suggested that, T. pecari serve as primary hosts, with wild birds and small mammals functioning as alternative hosts for immature stages and that humans may act as occasional hosts, possibly in consequence of eco-tourism activities. The molecular analyses performed in this study resulted in the identification and deposition of new sequences for fragments of the mitochondrial genes encoding 12S ribosomal RNA (12S rRNA) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). The availability of those sequences will be beneficial to other researchers conducting future or retrospective analysis of tick sequencing data. Finally, in common with previous surveys, molecular screening by PCR for the 17kDa and gltA targets provided no evidence for A. brasiliense as a vector of Rickettsia sp.
NASA Curiosity rover hits organic pay dirt on Mars
Authors: Voosen Paul
Published: June 2018

Carbon molecules in rocks from ancient lakebed resemble kerogen, a "goopy" fossil fuel building block on Earth.
No bias in NIH reviews?
Authors: Kaiser Jocelyn
Published: June 2018

But race or gender could still influence funding.
Dig seeks site of first English settlement in the New World
Authors: Lawler Andrew
Published: June 2018

Researchers restart their quest for the Lost Colonists' town.
Beavers, rebooted
Authors: Goldfarb Ben
Published: June 2018

Artificial beaver dams are a hot restoration strategy, but the projects aren't always welcome.
Evidence for a quantum dipole liquid state in an organic quasi–two-dimensional material
Authors: Hassan Nora , Cunningham Streit , Mourigal Martin , Zhilyaeva Elena I. , Torunova Svetlana A. , Lyubovskaya Rimma N. , Schlueter John A. , Drichko Natalia
Published: June 2018

Quantum dipoles go liquid

Quantum spin liquids do not achieve an ordered magnetic state, even at the lowest temperatures. Hassan
et al.
studied an organic compound that may be both a spin liquid and a dipole liquid (see the Perspective by Powell). In the layered material κ-(BEDT-TTF)
2
Hg(SCN)
2
Br, molecules form charged dimers whose sites are arranged on a triangular lattice. The extra charge associated with each dimer can “live” on one of the two molecules in the dimer, resulting in a nonzero electric dipole moment for the dimer. Raman spectroscopy and heat capacity measurements revealed that, like spins in a quantum spin liquid, these dimers remained disordered down to the lowest temperatures.

Science
, this issue p.
1101
; see also p.
1073
A silicon Brillouin laser
Authors: Otterstrom Nils T. , Behunin Ryan O. , Kittlaus Eric A. , Wang Zheng , Rakich Peter T.
Published: June 2018

Making silicon shine bright

Silicon is the workhorse of the semiconductor electronics industry, but its lack of optical functionality is a barrier to developing a truly integrated silicon-based optoelectronics platform. Although there are several ways of exploiting nonlinear light-matter interactions to coax silicon into optical functionality, the effects tend to be weak. Otterstrom
et al.
used a suspended silicon waveguide racetrack structure to stimulate the stronger nonlinear effect of Brillouin scattering and achieve lasing from silicon. The ability to engineer the nonlinearity and tune the optical response through the design of the suspended cavity provides a powerful and flexible route for developing silicon-based optoelectronic circuits and devices.

Science
, this issue p.
1113
Imaging-based molecular barcoding with pixelated dielectric metasurfaces
Authors: Tittl Andreas , Leitis Aleksandrs , Liu Mingkai , Yesilkoy Filiz , Choi Duk-Yong , Neshev Dragomir N. , Kivshar Yuri S. , Altug Hatice
Published: June 2018

Metasurfaces for molecular detection

Although mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectroscopy is a mainstay of molecular fingerprinting, its sensitivity is diminished somewhat when looking at small volumes of sample. Nanophotonics provides a platform to enhance the detection capability. Tittl
et al.
built a mid-IR nanophotonic sensor based on reflection from an all-dielectric metasurface array of specially designed scattering elements. The scattering elements could be tuned via geometry across a broad range of wavelengths in the mid-IR. The approach successfully detected and differentiated the absorption fingerprints of various molecules. The technique offers the prospect of on-chip molecular fingerprinting without the need for spectrometry, frequency scanning, or moving mechanical parts.

Science
, this issue p.
1105
Structure of the maize photosystem I supercomplex with light-harvesting complexes I and II
Authors: Pan Xiaowei , Ma Jun , Su Xiaodong , Cao Peng , Chang Wenrui , Liu Zhenfeng , Zhang Xinzheng , Li Mei
Published: June 2018

Antenna switches partners in the shade

A cloudy day or an overshadowing tree causes fluctuations in light that can throw off the balance of energy flow in plant photosystems I and II (PSI and PSII). Pan
et al.
solved structures of PSI bound to two light-harvesting complexes (LHCs). One LHC is permanently associated with PSI. The other LHC delivers light energy to PSII under optimal conditions but can switch to a PSI-associated state after phosphorylation by a kinase that senses the redox environment of the chloroplast. The movement of LHCs between the photosystems helps maintain even energy flux. Two chlorophyll-containing subunits are visible in the structure that connect the PSI core to each LHC.

Science
, this issue p.
1109
Friction at the bed does not control fast glacier flow
Authors: Stearns L. A. , van der Veen C. J.
Published: June 2018

Sliding at the base

Predictions of sea level rise caused by dynamic ice sheet loss rely on a good understanding of what controls how fast the sheets slide over the ground below. The standard approach is to model motion on the basis of an assumed frictional stress between the base of the glacier and a hard underlying bed. Now, however, Stearns and van der Veen show that this method is incorrect. Instead, they suggest that net pressure at the glacier bed controls flow.

Science
, this issue p.
273
The expanding materials multiverse
Authors: Powell Ben J.
Published: June 2018

Heat capacity and Raman experiments point to fractionalized excitations in a dipole liquid
In Vitro
and
In Vivo
Evaluation of APX001A/APX001 and Other Gwt1 Inhibitors against Cryptococcus
Authors: Shaw Karen Joy , Schell Wiley A. , Covel Jonathan , Duboc Gisele , Giamberardino C. , Kapoor Mili , Moloney Molly , Soltow Quinlyn A. , Tenor Jennifer L. , Toffaletti Dena L. , Trzoss Michael , Webb Peter , Perfect John R.
Published: June 2018

Cryptococcal meningitis (CM), caused primarily by
Cryptococcus neoformans
, is uniformly fatal if not treated. Treatment options are limited, especially in resource-poor geographical regions, and mortality rates remain high despite current therapies.
Hydrolase CehA and Monooxygenase CfdC Are Responsible for Carbofuran Degradation in Sphingomonas sp. Strain CDS-1
Authors: Yan Xin , Jin Wen , Wu Guang , Jiang Wankui , Yang Zhangong , Ji Junbin , Qiu Jiguo , He Jian , Jiang Jiandong , Hong Qing
Published: June 2018

Due to the extensive use of carbofuran over the past 50 years, bacteria have evolved catabolic pathways to mineralize this insecticide, which plays an important role in eliminating carbofuran residue in the environment. This study revealed the genetic determinants of carbofuran degradation in
Sphingomonas
sp. strain CDS-1. We speculate that the close homologues
cehA
and
cfdC
are highly conserved among other carbofuran-degrading sphingomonads and play the same roles as those described here. These findings deepen our understanding of the microbial degradation mechanism of carbofuran and lay a foundation for the better use of microbes to remediate carbofuran contamination.
MgrA Negatively Regulates Biofilm Formation and Detachment by Repressing the Expression of
psm
Operons in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Jiang Qiu , Jin Zeyu , Sun Baolin
Published: June 2018

Staphylococcus aureus
is a human and animal pathogen that can cause biofilm-associated infections. PSMs have multiple functions in biofilm development and virulence in staphylococcal pathogenesis. This study has revealed that MgrA can negatively regulate
psm
expression by binding directly to the promoter regions of
psm
operons. Furthermore, our results show that MgrA can modulate biofilm structuring and development by repressing the production of PSMs in
S. aureus
. Our findings provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms of
S. aureus psm
gene expression, biofilm development, and pathogenesis.
Malaria Diagnostic Practices in U.S. Laboratories in 2017
Authors: Prestel Christopher , Tan Kathrine R. , Abanyie Francisca , Jerris Robert , Gutman Julie R.
Published: June 2018

In the United States, the gold standard for malaria diagnosis is microscopic blood smear examination. Because malaria is not endemic in the United States, diagnostic capabilities may be limited, causing delays in diagnosis and increased morbidity and mortality.
POP-Brazil study protocol: a nationwide cross-sectional evaluation of the prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) in Brazil
Authors: Wendland Eliana Marcia , Caierão Juliana , Domingues Carla , Maranhão Ana Goretti Kalume , de Souza Flávia Moreno Alves , Hammes Luciano Serpa , Falavigna Maicon , Hilgert Juliana Balbinot , Hugo Fernando Neves , Bessel Marina , Villa Luisa Lina , Benzaken Adele Schwartz
Published: June 2018

Introduction

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with the development of genital warts and different types of cancer, including virtually all cervical cancers and a considerable number of penile, anal and oropharyngeal cancers. Data regarding the prevalence of HPV infection in Brazil are limited and fragmented. We aim to determine HPV prevalence in sexually active women and men aged 16–25 years and to investigate regional differences in virus prevalence and types.

Methods and analysis

This is a nationwide, multicentric, cross-sectional, prospective study that will include participants aged 16–25 years from all Brazilian capital cities. Recruitment will occur in primary health units by trained health professionals who will be responsible for collecting biological samples and interviewing the volunteers. After signing informed consent, all participants will answer a questionnaire that will collect sociodemographic and behavioural data. All samples will be processed in a certified central laboratory, and strict quality control will be performed by many different procedures, including double data entry, training and certification of primary care health professionals responsible for data collection, simulation of interviews, and auditing and monitoring of visits. The sample size will be standardised based on the population distribution of each capital using SAS and R statistical software.

Ethics and dissemination

The project was approved by the research ethics committee of the main institution and the corresponding ethics committees of the recruitment sites. This will be the first Brazilian nationwide study to determine overall HPV prevalence and to examine regional differences and social, demographic and behavioural factors related to HPV infection. Critical analysis of the study results will contribute to epidemiological knowledge and will set a baseline for future evaluation of the impact of the National HPV Vaccination Program.
Cohort profile: the Coronary Artery disease Risk Determination In Innsbruck by diaGnostic ANgiography (CARDIIGAN) cohort
Authors: Wanitschek Maria , Edlinger Michael , Dörler Jakob , Alber Hannes F
Published: June 2018

Purpose

The Coronary Artery disease Risk Determination In Innsbruck by diaGnostic ANgiography (CARDIIGAN) cohort is aimed to gain a better understanding of cardiovascular risk factors and their relation to the diagnosis and severity of coronary artery disease, as well as to the long-term prognosis in consecutive (including revascularised) patients referred for elective coronary angiography.

Participants

The included patients visited the University Clinic of Cardiology at Innsbruck (Austria), which fulfils a secondary and tertiary hospital function. Inclusion took place in the period between February 2004 and April 2008 and resulted in a total of 8296 patients aged 18–91 years; 65% of them were men.

Findings to date

There was one follow-up round on vital status through record linkage for 84% of the cohort (those with residence in Tyrol), resulting in a follow-up duration of over 5.5 to nearly 10.0 years among survivors. The data contain basic patient characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, laboratory measurements, medications, detailed information on the extent and severity of coronary artery disease, revascularisation history, treatment strategy and mortality specifics. A few studies have already been published.

Future plans

Various diagnostic and prognostic studies are planned, also concerning complications, competing risks and cost-effectiveness. Collaboration with other research groups is welcomed.
Comparison of the performance of battery-operated fluid warmers
Authors: Lehavi Amit , Yitzhak Avraham , Jarassy Refael , Heizler Rami , Katz Yeshayahu (Shai) , Raz Aeyal
Published: June 2018

Objectives

Warming intravenous fluids is essential to prevent hypothermia in patients with trauma, especially when large volumes are administered. Prehospital and transport settings require fluid warmers to be small, energy efficient and independent of external power supply. We compared the warming properties and resistance to flow of currently available battery-operated fluid warmers.

Methods

Fluid warming was evaluated at 50, 100 and 200 mL/min at a constant input temperature of 20°C and 10°C using a cardiopulmonary bypass roller pump and cooler. Output temperature was continuously recorded.

Results

Performance of fluid warmers varied with flows and input temperatures. At an input temperature of 20°C and flow of 50 mL/min, the Buddy Lite, enFlow, Thermal Angel and Warrior warmed 3.4, 2.4, 1 and 3.6 L to over 35°C, respectively. However, at an input temperature of 10°C and flow of 200 mL/min, the Buddy Lite failed to warm, the enFlow warmed 3.3 L to 25.7°C, the Thermal Angel warmed 1.5 L to 20.9°C and the Warrior warmed 3.4 L to 34.4°C (p<0.0001).

Conclusion

We found significant differences between the fluid warmers: the use of the Buddy Lite should be limited to moderate input temperature and low flow rates. The use of the Thermal Angel is limited to low volumes due to battery capacity and low output temperature at extreme conditions. The Warrior provides the best warming performance at high infusion rates, as well as low input temperatures, and was able to warm the largest volumes in these conditions.
Clinical and radiographic course of early undifferentiated arthritis under treatment is not dependent on the number of joints with erosions at diagnosis: results from the Swiss prospective observational cohort
Authors: Mueller Ruediger B , Kaegi Toni , Haile Sarah R , Schulze-Koops Hendrik , Schiff Michael , von Kempis Johannes
Published: June 2018

Objective

To analyse whether early arthritis patients who do not fulfil the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) 2010 classification criteria for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have a different course of the disease dependent on whether they can or cannot be classified as RA because of radiographic disease (EULAR task force) at diagnosis.

Methods

For this observational study within the Swiss RA cohort SCQM, we included patients with early undifferentiated arthritis (disease duration ≤1 year), who had not received any previous disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria negative patients were separated into two groups (radiographic vs non-radiographic arthritis) depending on whether or not they had radiographic changes defined as erosive disease by a EULAR task force (≥3 joints with erosions). The primary outcome measure was the radiographic progression detected employing the Ratingen erosion score. Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and DAS-28 were used as secondary outcome measures. The average observation period was 4 years.

Results

A total of 592 patients were analysed. 240 were not classifiable as RA by application of the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria at baseline. In 57 patients, radiographs at the first visit were not available. 133 patients had radiographic arthritis and 50 non-radiographic arthritis. Treatment was initiated in all patients with DMARDs, mostly methotrexate. No differences in DAS-28 and HAQ scores were found during follow-up. The average erosion scores were higher among patients with initially radiographic arthritis throughout the study. The progression of erosion scores over time, however, was higher in patients with initially non-radiographic arthritis with less subsequent radiological progression (3.3 erosions/year vs 0.4, respectively, p<0.0001).

Conclusions

The clinical and radiographic course of early undifferentiated arthritis under treatment was not dependent on the presence of erosions in three or more joints (ie, the definition of radiographic disease by the EULAR task force) at diagnosis in our cohort.