bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification and Prevalence of Parasites Isolated from Eels (Anguilla bicolor) Along Migrated Pathway at Serayu River, Central Java
Authors: Pratama Ikhsan , Prayitno Slamet Budi , Syakuri Hamdan
Published: August 2020

Eels especially Anguilla bicolor has been a major capture species along the migration pathways at Serayu river for both consumption and aquaculture purposes. Yellow eels always exhibited a strong and health when they were caught. However, mass mortalities always found during holding and culture period. Parasites was one of the obstacles of the eels aquaculture. The aims of this study were to observed the health status and parasites investation of eels along the migration pathway. Three capture stations namely Adipala, Sampang and Purwojati were appointed as a sampling sites. Thirty captured eels ranging from 25.48 cm – 28.92 cm were randomly selected at each sites during October to December 2018.Ninety eel samples demonstrated in a good health. Ectoparasites observation discovered that Trichodina was the predominant parasites. Further indentification revealed that they were belongs to T. matsu, T. domerguei and T. jandarica with prevalence rate ranged from 40% to 90%. Whilst Vorticella found at low prevalence and intensity namely; 6.7% and 0.2 respectively. The endoparasites nematodes obtained were Anguillicola and Spirocamallanus with prevalence rate and intensity 3.3%-6.7%, 0.03 – 0.06 and 13.3%, 0.13 respectively. Molecular identification of nematodes demonstrated that they were closely related to Anguillicola crassus and Spirocamallanus philppinensis with similarity 95.40% and 97.93% respectively. There were no genetically differences between two species Anguillicola crassus from Adipala and Sampang. From this study it can be seen that Eels migrated upstream were in a good heatlh. Trichodina, Vorticella, Anguillicola and Spirocamallanus found infestated eels during upstream migration.
Цитокины - место и значение в патогенезе ОРВИ и COVID-19
Authors: Алешина Нина , Понежева Жанна , Лазарева Елена , Астрина Ольга , Малеев Виктор , Плоскирева Антонина
Published: August 2020

Цитокиновый шторм - это общий термин, применяемый к неадаптивному выбросу цитокинов в ответ на инфекцию и другие раздражители. Патогенез сложен, но включает потерю регуляторного контроля продукции провоспалительных цитокинов, как на локальном, так и на системном уровнях. Некоторые данные показывают, что во время эпидемии коронавирусной болезни 2019 (COVID-19) серьезное ухудшение у некоторых пациентов было тесно связано с нарушением регуляции и избыточным выделением цитокинов. В этой статье дается обзор того, что известно о механизме и стратегиях лечения воспалительного шторма, вызванного вирусом COVID-19.
¿Cómo convencer con mensajes testimoniales para dejar de fumar? Efectos de la voz narrativa y la similitud demográfica con el protagonista en la intención de dejar de fumar.
Authors: Rodríguez Contreras Laura , Igartua Perosanz Juan José
Published: August 2020

El presente estudio trata de contrastar cómo determinadas características de los mensajes narrativos de prevención del tabaquismo inducen estados de implicación que facilitan la persuasión. Objetivos. Específicamente, se analiza el efecto de la voz narrativa y de la similitud con el protagonista en la implicación con el mensaje e, indirectamente, en la intención de dejar de fumar. Metodología. Se llevó a cabo una investigación experimental con un diseño factorial 2 (voz narrativa en primera vs. tercera persona) por 2 (similitud con el protagonista en términos demográficos [sexo]). Se crearon cuatro narraciones en formato de audio protagonizadas por un exfumador y los participantes (N = 127 fumadores habituales) fueron asignados aleatoriamente a cada una de las condiciones experimentales. Resultados. Aunque no se observaron efectos significativos en las variables mediadoras y dependientes, se comprobó que el transporte narrativo y la identificación reducían la reactancia y producían efectos directos en la intención de dejar de fumar. Conclusiones. El presente trabajo arroja resultados relevantes en la investigación sobre la persuasión narrativa en el campo de la prevención del tabaquismo.
Factores predictores de la intención de consumo de marihuana en adolescentes de nivel secundaria
Authors: Malacas Carlos , Alfaro Paul , Hernández Ronald M.
Published: August 2020

Objetivo. La presente investigación busca determinar si las actitudes, las normas subjetivas y la autoeficacia son factores predictores de la intención de consumo de marihuana en adolescentes escolares de nivel secundario de instituciones educativas públicas. Método. Esta investigación tiene un enfoque cuantitativo y de diseño observacional, de tipo analítico, transversal y prospectivo. El muestreo fue multietapa, por conglomerados y estratificado, lo cual permitió contar con una muestra aleatoria y conformada por 510 estudiantes de nivel secundaria. Resultados. Se identificaron diferencias significativas de las variables de estudio según edad y grado académico. A través de la Regresión Logística se identificó que los adolescentes que tienen una actitud favorable al consumo de marihuana, una norma subjetiva favorable al consumo de marihuana y los adolescentes que se perciben con una eficacia baja para abstenerse de consumir marihuana en determinadas situaciones, tienen 7.24 veces, 4.57 veces y 3.35 veces más probabilidades de tener una intención de consumo de marihuana, respectivamente. Conclusiones. Estos hallazgos respaldan que la actitud favorable, la norma subjetiva favorable al consumo de marihuana y la baja percepción de eficacia para abstenerse a consumir marihuana en determinadas situaciones, predicen la intención de consumo.
The study on knowledge - attitude - practice of primarycare physician toward anticoagulant therapy in patients with Non-valvular atrial fibrillation in Shanghai of China
Authors: Ye Shasha , Wang Tianhao , Liu Arthur , Yu Ying , Pan Zhigang , Gu Jie
Published: August 2020

Background: As the large number of Community Health Service (CHS) centers in China face the majority of non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients, primary care physicians (PCPs) play the primary role in the prevention of embolization. Therefore，an awareness of anticoagulant management in NVAF patients must be brought into focus among PCPs in China. This study will investigate PCPs’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practice toward anticoagulant therapy in patients with NVAF and help PCPs increase their awareness of oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy for NVAF to prevent embolization. Method: This was a cross-sectional observational study of 462 PCPs in CHS centers across Shanghai. We used a self-administered questionnaire to collect data from September to December 2017. A stratified random cluster sampling was adopted in the 90 CHS centers with the family medicine residency program. Result: Among 462 participants, 69.3% (320/462) of females got a medical bachelor’s degree and over 50% participants had more than 10 years of work experience. According to similar study, each section for knowledge, attitude, and practice were categorized as poor (≤39.0%), fair (40.0%–69.0%), and good (≥70.0%) [18] . The level of knowledge of OAC therapy in patients with NVAF among PCPs was insufficient in over half (75.8%) of participants. The majority (89.8%) of PCPs had a positive attitude and 68.0% had modest performance in the anticoagulant management of patients with NVAF. Conclusion: The knowledge and behaviors of PCPs were insufficient in OAC therapy to prevent embolization in patients with NVAF. The study also revealed there is good potential for PCPs’ educational interventions to positively impact on the care of patients with NVAF.
Development of a tool for identifying and addressing prioritised determinants of quality improvement projects led by healthcare professionals: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Tuijl Anne van , Wollersheim Hub C. , Fluit Cornelia R.M.G. , Gurp Petra. J. van , Calsbeek Hiske
Published: August 2020

Background: Several frameworks have been developed to identify essential determinants for healthcare improvement. These frameworks aim to be comprehensive, leading to the creation of long lists of determinants that are not prioritised based on being experienced as most important. Furthermore, most existing frameworks do not describe the methods or actions used to identify and address the determinants, limiting their practical value. The aim of this study is to describe the development of a tool with prioritised facilitators and barriers supplemented with methods to identify and address each determinant. The tool can be used by those performing quality improvement initiatives in healthcare practice. Methods: A mixed-methods study design was used to develop the tool. First, an online survey was used to ask healthcare professionals about the determinants they experienced as most facilitating and most hindering during the performance of their quality improvement initiative . A priority score was calculated for every named determinant, and those with a priority score ≥ 20 were incorporated into the tool. Semi-structured interviews with implementation experts were performed to gain insight on how to analyse and address the determinants in our tool Results: The 25 healthcare professionals in this study experienced 64 facilitators and 66 barriers when performing their improvement initiatives. Of these, 12 facilitators and nine barriers were incorporated into the tool. Sufficient support from management of the department was identified as the most important facilitator, while having limited time to perform the initiative was considered the most important barrier. The interviews with 16 experts in implementation science led to various inputs for identifying and addressing each determinant. Important themes included maintaining adequate communication with stakeholders, keeping the initiative at a manageable size, learning by doing and being able to influence determinants. Conclusions: This paper describes the development of a tool with prioritized determinants for performing quality improvement initiatives with suggestions for analysing and addressing these determinants. The tool is developed for those engaged in quality improvement initiatives in practice, so in this ways it helps to bridging the research to practice gap of determinants frameworks. More research is needed to validate and develop the tool further.
Construction of a sensitive and specific lead biosensor using a genetically engineered bacterial system with a luciferase gene reporter controlled by pbr and cadA promoters
Authors: Nourmohammadi Esmail , Hosseinkhani Saman , Nedaeinia Reza , Khoshdel-Sarkarizi Hoda , Nedaeinia Mozhdeh , Ranjbar Maryam , Ebrahimi Neshat , Farjami Zahra , Nourmohammadi Mohammad , Mahmoudi Ali , Goli Mohammad , A.Ferns Gordon , Sadeghizadeh Majid
Published: August 2020

Background: A bacterial biosensor refers to genetically engineered bacteria that produce an assessable signal in the presence of a physical or chemical agent in the environment.Methods: We have designed and evaluated a bacterial biosensor expressing a luciferase-reporter gene controlled by pbr and cadA promoters in Cupriavidus metallidurans (previously termed Ralstonia metallidurans ) containing the CH34 and pI258 plasmids of Staphylococcus aureus , respectively, and that can be used for the detection of heavy metals. In the present study, we have produced and evaluated biosensor plasmids designated pGL3-luc/pbr -biosensor and pGL3-luc/cad -biosensor, that were based on the expression of luc+ under the control of the cad promoter and the cadC gene of S. aureus plasmid pI258 and pbr promoter and pbrR gene from plasmid pMOL30 of Cupriavidus metallidurans.Results: We found that the pGL3-luc/pbr -biosensor may be used to measure lead concentrations between 1-100 μM in the presence of other metals, including: zinc, cadmium, tin and nickel. The latter metals did not result in any significant signal gene expression of the reporter. The pGL3-luc/cad -biosensor could detect lead concentrations between 10 nM to 10 μM.Conclusions: This biosensor was found to be a specific for measuring lead ions in both environmental and biological samples.
International relevance of Two Measures of Awareness of Age-Related Change (AARC)
Authors: sabatini serena , Ukoumunne Obioha C , Ballard Clive , Brothers Allyson , Kaspar Roman , Collins Rachel , Kim Sarang , Corbett Anne , Aarsland Dag , Hampshire Adam , Brooker Helen , Clare Linda
Published: August 2020

Background

A questionnaire assessing awareness of positive and negative age-related changes (AARC gains and losses) was developed in the US and Germany. We validated the short form of the measure (AARC-10 SF) and the cognitive functioning subscale from the 50-item version of the AARC (AARC-50) questionnaire in the UK population aged 50 and over.

Methods

Data from 14,797 participants in the PROTECT cohort were used to explore and confirm the psychometric properties of the AARC measures including: validity of the factor structure; reliability; measurement invariance across males and females and across individuals with and without a university degree; and convergent validity with measures of self-perception of aging and mental, physical, and cognitive health. We also explored the relationship between demographic variables and AARC.

Results

We confirmed the two-factor structure (gains and losses) of the AARC-10 SF and the AARC-50 cognitive functioning subscale. Both scales showed good reliability and convergent validity. The meaning of AARC gains and losses was the same across males and females and across individuals with and without a university degree. Items composing AARC scales had the same meaning across individuals with and without a university degree. Items composing the AARC-50 cognitive functioning subscale had the same meaning across males and females. Two items in the AARC-10 SF had different meaning across males and females. Demographic variables significantly predicted AARC gains and losses.

Conclusions

The AARC-10 SF and AARC-50 cognitive functioning subscale can help to identify UK individuals who perceive age-related changes in their mental, physical, and cognitive health.
A Retrospective Review of the Contribution of Rare Diseases to Paediatric Mortality in Ireland
Authors: Gunne Emer Anne , McGarvey Cliona , Hamilton Karina , Treacy Eileen , Lambert Deborah , Lynch Sally Ann
Published: August 2020

Aims: To ascertain the number of paediatric deaths (0-14 years) with an underlying rare disease (RD) in the Irish Republic between the years 2006-2016, and to analyse bed usage by a paediatric cohort of RD inpatients prior to in-hospital death.Background: Rare diseases are often chronically debilitating and sometimes life-threatening diseases, affecting fewer than 5 per 10,000 people in the EU. Although individually rare, collectively RDs are common, with a prevalence of 3.5-5.9% of the population. Under-representation of RDs in hospital healthcare coding systems leads to a paucity of RD epidemiological data required for healthcare planning. Studies have cited variable incidence rates for RD, however the burden of RDs to healthcare services still remains unclear. This study represents a thorough effort to identify the percentage of child mortality and paediatric bed usage attributable to rare diseases in Ireland addressing a major gap in the RD field.Methods: Retrospective analysis of paediatric death registration details for the Irish Republic in the 11-year period 2006-2016 from the National Paediatric Mortality Register. Data was subcategorised as Neonatal (0-28 days), Post Neonatal (29 days < 1 year) and older (1-14 years). Bed usage data (ICD-10 code, narrative and usage) of paediatric inpatients who died during hospitalisation from January 2015 to December 2016 was extracted from the National Quality Assurance Intelligence System of in-patient data. Orphacodes were assigned to RD cases from narrative records of both datasets.Results: There were 4044 deaths registered from 2006-2016, aged <15yrs, of these 2368 (58.6%) had an underlying RD. Stratifying by age group; 55.6% (1140/2050) of neonatal deaths had an RD, 57.8% (450/778) post-neonatal, and 64% (778/1216) of children >1yr. Mortality coding using ICD-10 codes identified 42% of RD cases with the remainder identified using death certificate narrative records. RD patients occupied 87% of bed days used by children <15 years who died during hospitalisation from January 2015 to December 2016.Conclusion: Additional routine RD coding is necessary to identify RDs within Irish healthcare systems to enable better healthcare planning. RD patients are overrepresented in paediatric mortality statistics and inpatient length of stay during hospital admission prior to death.
Using Genomic Resources for Linkage Analysis in Peromyscus with an Application for Characterizing Dominant Spot
Authors: Shang Zhenhua , Horovitz David J , McKenzie Ronald H , Keisler Jessica L , Felder Michael R , Davis Shannon William
Published: August 2020

Background: Peromyscus are the most common mammalian species in North America and are widely used in both laboratory and field studies. The deer mouse, P. maniculatus and the old-field mouse, P. polionotus, are closely related and can generate viable and fertile hybrid offspring. The ability to generate hybrid offspring, coupled with developing genomic resources, enables researchers to conduct linkage analysis studies to identify genomic loci associated with specific traits. Results: We used available genomic data to identify DNA polymorphisms between P. maniculatus and P. polionotus and used the polymorphic data to identify the range of genetic complexity that underlies physiological and behavioral differences between the species, including cholesterol metabolism and genes associated with autism. In addition, we used the polymorphic data to conduct a candidate gene linkage analysis for the Dominant spot trait and determined that Dominant spot is linked to a region of chromosome 20 that contains a strong candidate gene, Sox10. During the linkage analysis, we found that the spot size varied quantitively in affected Peromyscus based on genetic background. Conclusions: The expanding genomic resources for Peromyscus facilitate their use in linkage analysis studies, enabling the identification of loci associated with specific traits. More specifically, we have linked a coat color spotting phenotype, Dominant spot, with Sox10, a member the neural crest gene regulatory network, and that there are likely two genetic modifiers that interact with Dominant spot. These results establish Peromyscus as a model system for identifying new alleles of the neural crest gene regulatory network.
Global Scientific Output Trend for Akkermansia muciniphila Research: A Bibliometric and Scientometric Analysis
Authors: Dehghanbanadaki Hojat , Aazami Hossein , raftar shahrbanoo keshavarz azizi , Ashrafian Fatemeh , Ejtahed Hanieh-Sadat , Hashemi Ehsan , Tavassol Zahra Hoseini , Badi Sara Ahmadi , Siadat Seyed Davar
Published: August 2020

Background

Akkermansia muciniphila is an anaerobic bacterium residing in the healthy intestinal tract of host and its quantity has a negative correlation with various host diseases. This study for the first time provides a holistic bibliometric aspect of Akkermansia research in the literature and shows the hot topic terms of these articles in any period of time.

Methods

Scopus database was selected to retrieve documents relevant to Akkermansia in any language up to 2018. The bibliometric profile of Akkermansia articles including subject area, year distribution, citations, institutions, journals, authors, and countries was systematically characterized and the collaboration networks of authors and countries as well as the burst detection algorithm of the words in the titles, abstracts and keywords were visualized.

Results

There is a progressive growing trend in research on Akkermansia from 2004 to 2018 with a total of 668 articles during this period. Out of 518 original articles, there are 301 animal studies (222 studies on mice) and 150 human studies. Also, 65 various diseases were investigated in these studies. The most focused conditions are obesity (71 articles) and type2 diabetes (39 articles). The United States is the leading country on Akkermansia publications (n=184), followed by China (n=156). PLoS ONE is the most dominant journal with 34 Akkermansia publications. In addition, “cancer” is the hot topic of recent Akkermansia research.

Conclusion

Akkermansia research is of progressive interest during the last decade and the studies on this subject move towards its relationship with cancer and its promising effect on health.
Long-term safety and effectiveness of etanercept in JIA: an 18-year experience from the BIKER registry
Authors: Armaroli Giulia , Klein Ariane , Ganser Gerd , Ruehlmann Michael J. , Dressler Frank , Hospach Anton , Minden Kirsten , Trauzeddel Ralf , Foeldvari Ivan , Kuemmerle-Deschner Jasmin , Weller-Heinemann Frank , Urban Andreas , Horneff Gerd
Published: August 2020

Background: At present, etanercept represents the most commonly prescribed biologic agent for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) treatment. Children and adolescents with JIA are often treated with etanercept over long periods, sometimes even into adulthood. The objectives of this analysis were to determine the long-term safety of etanercept compared to a biologic-naïve cohort, and to assess the long-term treatment response upon continuous etanercept exposure using data from the German biologics registry (BiKeR).

Methods: JIA patients newly exposed to etanercept were documented in the BiKeR registry from January 2001 till March 2019, and baseline characteristics, effectiveness, as well as safety parameters were analysed. Response to treatment was assessed according to 10-joint Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS10), JADAS-defined minimal disease activity and remission, JIA-American College of Rheumatology (ACR) improvement criteria, as well as ACR-inactive disease definition. Safety assessments were based on adverse events (AE) reports.

Results: 2725 new etanercept users with a diagnosis of JIA were registered. Of these, etanercept was received as a first-line biologic by 95.8% and as monotherapy without concomitant methotrexate by 31.5%. After nine years on continuous treatment, 68.1% of patients presented minimal disease activity, 43.1% JADAS-defined remission on drug and 36.6% ACR-inactive disease. JIA-ACR30/50/70/90 response rates were still 82/79/71/54% after 9 years of treatment. Overall, 2053 AEs (34.3/100PY), including 226 serious AEs (SAE, 3.8/100PY), were observed upon etanercept, compared to 1345 AEs [35.6/100PY; p=0.3] and 52 SAEs (1.4/100PY; p=0.0001) in the biologic-naïve cohort. Respective exposure-adjusted rates for etanercept and biologic-naïve patients were 0.9/100PY and 0.2/100PY (p=0.0001) for serious infections, 0.4/100PY and 0.1/100PY (p=0.01) for zoster reactivation, 0.3/100PY and 0.03/100PY (p=0.015) for inflammatory bowel disease, 1.9/100PY and 1.4/100PY (p=0.09) for uveitis. Three and two malignancies were documented in the etanercept and biologic-naïve groups, as well as three and one deaths, respectively.

Conclusions: No new safety signal was observed, especially no increased risk for malignancies or autoimmune disorders other than inflammatory bowel disease. However, SAEs and serious infections, though infrequent, were more often reported on etanercept than in biologic-naïve patients. In addition, etanercept demonstrated a long-term maintenance of clinical benefits up to nine years of continuous treatment.
Keywords: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, JIA-treatment, etanercept, TNF-inhibitors, biologics registry, drug surveillance
An intimate view into the silica deposition vesicles of diatoms
Authors: Heintze Christoph , Formanek Petr , Pohl Darius , Hauptstein Jannes , Rellinghaus Bernd , Kröger Nils
Published: August 2020

Diatoms are single-celled microalgae that produce silica-based cell walls with intricate nano- and micropatterns. Biogenesis of diatom biosilica is a bottom-up process that occurs in large intracellular compartments termed silica deposition vesicles (SDVs). Investigating the mechanism of silica morphogenesis has so far been severely limited by the lack of methods for imaging the entire volume of an SDV with high spatial resolution during all stages of development. Here we have developed a method that allows for rapid identification and electron microscopy imaging of many different, full sized SDVs that are in the process of producing biosilica valves. This enabled visualizing the development of characteristic morphological biosilica features with unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution. During early to mid-term development, valve SDVs contained ~20 nm sized particles that were primarily associated with the radially expanding rib-like biosilica structures. The results from electron dispersive X-ray analysis suggests that the immature biosilica patterns are silica-organic composites. This supports the hypothesis that silica morphogenesis is dependent on organic biomolecules inside the SDV lumen.
Displacement in root apex and changes in incisor inclination affect alveolar bone remodeling in adult bimaxillary protrusion patients: a retrospective study
Authors: Mao Huimin , Yang Andi , Pan Yue , Li Houxuan , LEI Lang
Published: August 2020

Background: Periodontal health is of great concern for periodontists and orthodontists in the inter-disciplinary management of patients with bimaxillary protrusion. The aim of present study is to investigate changes in the alveolar bone in the maxillary incisor region and to explore its relationship with displacement of root apex as well as changes in the inclination of maxillary incisors during incisor retraction.Methods: Samples in this retrospective study consisted of 38 patients with bimaxillary protrusion. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images was taken before(T0) and after (T1) treatment. Alveolar bone thickness (ABT), height (ABH) and area (ABA) were utilized to evaluate changes in the alveolar bone, while incisor inclination and apex displacement were used to assess changes in the position of maxillary central and lateral incisors. Correlations between alveolar bone remodeling and apex displacement as well as changes in the inclination were investigated.Results: The labial ABT of central and lateral incisors at the mid-root third was increased. In contrast, the palatal ABT at crestal, mid-root and apical third level were consistently decreased. ABH was not altered on the labial side, while significantly decreased on the palatal side. ABA was not significantly increased on the labial side, but significantly decreased on the palatal side, leading to a significantly reduced total ABA. Orthodontic treatment significantly reduced inclination of upper incisors. Changes in the amount (T1-T0) of ABA was remarkably correlated with apex displacement and changes of inclination (T1-T0); in addition, using the multivariate linear regression analysis, changes of ABA on the palatal side (T1-T0) can be described by following equation: Changes of palatal ABA (T1-T0) = -3.258- 0.139× changes of inclination (T1-T0) + 2.533×apex displacement (T1-T0).Conclusions: Retraction of incisors in bimaxillary protrusion patients may compromise periodontal bone support on the palatal side. An equation that incorporated the displacement of root apex and change in the incisor inclination may enable periodontist-orthodontist interdisciplinary coordination in assessing treatment risks and developing an individualized treatment plan for adult patients with bimaxillary protrusion. Moreover, the equation in predicating area of alveolar bone may reduce the risks of placing the teeth out of the bone boundary during 3D digital setups.
Risk-adapted treatment reduced chemotherapy exposure for clinical stage 1 pediatric testicular cancer
Authors: ye yunlin , Chen Zhuang-fei , Bian Jun , Liang Hai-tao , Qin Zi-ke
Published: August 2020

Background: Different from adult clinical stage I (CS1) testicular cancer, surveillance was recommended for CS1 pediatric testicular cancer. For high-risk children, greater than 50% of them suffered relapse and progress during surveillance and adjuvant chemotherapy was administrated. Risk-adapted treatment might reduce chemotherapy exposure for those children. Methods: The decision model was designed and calculated using TreeAge Pro 2011 software. Clinical utilities such as relapse rates of different groups during surveillance or after chemotherapy were collected from literatures. And a survey to urologist was performed to evaluate the toxicity of the first-line and second-line chemotherapy. Using decision analysis model, chemotherapy exposure between risk-adapted treatment and surveillance were compared based on this series of clinical utilities. One-way and two-way tests were administrated to check the feasibility. Results: In base case decision analysis of CS1 pediatric testicular cancer, risk-adapted treatment preferred lower exposure of chemotherapy than surveillance (average: 0.7965 cycle verse 1.3419 cycles). The sensitivity analysis demonstrated that when relapse rate after primary chemotherapy ≤0.10 and the relapse rate of high-risk group ≥0.40, risk-adapted treatment would expose lower chemotherapy, without association of the proportion of low-risk patients, the relapse rate of low-risk group, relapse rate after salvage chemotherapy and toxicity utility of second-line chemotherapy compared to first-line chemotherapy. Conclusions: Using decision analysis, risk-adapted treatment might decrease chemotherapy exposure for these high-risk patients and precious evaluation after orchiectomy was critical to this process. Further clinical study was needed to validate this statement.
Non-destructive collection survey of the historical Classense Library. Part II: Conservation scenarios
Authors: Coppola Floriana , Brown Natalie , Amicucci Floriana , Strlic Matija , Modelli Alberto
Published: August 2020

The effects of environmental and conservation management scenarios on the permanence of the historical book collections housed at the Classense Library (Ravenna, Italy) were investigated. Non-destructive material surveys delivered paper pH and degree of polymerisation data that, in conjunction with the Collections Demography dose-response function, provide heritage managers with estimations of the predicted collection lifetimes in diverse environmental management scenarios. For the first time, quantitative measurements of paper properties obtained in historical library collection were used to elaborate isochrone and demographic plots, evaluated against the long-term planning horizon of 500 years. The scenarios include preventive and interventive actions aiming to preserve the fitness-for-use of collection items in terms of their ability to withstand manual handling, and consider cooling, dehumidification and deacidification, as well as combinations thereof. The results inform the conservation decision-makers about the preservation outcomes of environmental management options, to be considered for further action, once environmental, economic and social sustainability of such scenarios is considered.
The mitochondrial K-ATP channel opener diazoxide upregulates STIM1 and Orai1 via ROS and the MAPK pathway in adult rat cardiomyocytes
Authors: Gavali Joice Thomas , Carrillo Elba Dolores , Garcia Maria Carmen , Sanchez Jorge Alberto
Published: August 2020

Background: Openers of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-dependent potassium (mKATP) channels like diazoxide increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cardiac cells and reduce Ca2+ elevations produced by ischemia-reperfusion, protecting the heart from damage. In this study we tested the hypothesis that opening mKATP channels regulates expression of the major components of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) STIM1 and Orai1.Results: Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot experiments showed that diazoxide increased expression of STIM1 and Orai1 at the mRNA and protein levels, respectively, in adult rat cardiomyocytes. Immunofluorescence analyses revealed that diazoxide also disrupted the striated distribution pattern of STIM1. These effects were prevented by the ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), the mKATP channel antagonist 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD), or the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX). Confocal microscopy revealed that diazoxide also led to nuclear translocation of the transcription factors c-Fos and NFkB, which was also blocked by NAC or 5-HD. Finally, the MAPK pathway inhibitor UO126 attenuated diazoxide-induced upregulation of STIM1 and Orai1 expressionConclusions: Our results suggest that opening mitochondrial potassium ATP channels with diazoxide upregulates the expression of STIM1 and Orai1 by de novo synthesis by a mechanism that involves NFkB, c-Fos, and ROS via MAPK/ERK signaling.
Molecular epidemiology of a fatal sarcoptic mange epidemic in endangered San Joaquin kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis mutica)
Authors: Rudd Jaime L. , Clifford Deana L. , Cypher Brian L. , Hull Joshua M. , Riner A. Jane , Foley Janet E.
Published: August 2020

Background: In 2013, sarcoptic mange, caused by Sarcoptes scabiei mites, precipitated a catastrophic decline of the formerly stable urban population of endangered San Joaquin kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis mutica) in Bakersfield, California, USA. In 2019, a smaller sarcoptic mange outbreak affected kit foxes 58 km southwest of Bakersfield in the town of Taft, California. To determine whether the Taft outbreak could have occurred as spillover from the Bakersfield outbreak and whether epidemic control efforts must involve not only kit foxes but also sympatric dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), coyotes (Canis latrans), and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), we evaluated genotypes and gene flow among mites collected from each host species.Methods: We used 10 Sarcoptes microsatellite markers (SARM) to perform molecular typing of 445 S. scabiei mites collected from skin scrapings from twenty-two infested kit foxes, two dogs, five coyotes, and five red foxes from Bakersfield, Taft, and other nearby cities.Results: We identified 60 alleles across all SARM loci; kit fox- and red fox-derived mites were relatively monomorphic, while genetic variability was greatest in Bakersfield coyote- and dog-derived mites. AMOVA analysis documented distinct mite populations unique to hosts, with an overall FST of 0.467. The lowest FST (i.e. closest genetic relationship, FST = 0.038) was between Bakersfield and Taft kit fox-derived mites while the largest genetic difference was between Ventura coyote- and Taft kit fox-derived mites (FST = 0.843).Conclusion: These results confirm the close relationship between the Taft and Bakersfield outbreaks. Although a spillover event likely initiated the kit fox mange outbreak, mite transmission is now primarily kit fox-to-kit fox. Therefore, any large-scale population level intervention should focus on treating kit foxes within the city.
Nanocomposites-Based Targeted Oral Drug Delivery Systems with Infliximab in a Murine Colitis Model
Authors: Kim Jung Min , Kim Da Hye , Park Hyo Jeong , Ma Hyun Woo , Park I Seul , Son Mi jeong , Ro So Youn , Hong SeokMann , Han Hyo Kyung , Lim Soo Jeong , Kim Seung Won , Cheon Jae Hee
Published: August 2020

Background Infliximab (IFX), a TNF-α blocking chimeric monoclonal antibody, induces clinical response and mucosal healing in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, systemic administration of this agent causes unwanted side effects. Oral delivery of antibody therapeutics might be an effective treatment strategy for IBD compared to intravenous administration. Results All three carriers had a high encapsulation efficiency, narrow size distribution, and minimal systemic exposure. There was a higher interaction between nanocomposite carriers and monocytes compared to lymphocytes in the PBMC of IBD patients. Orally administered nanocomposite carriers targeted to inflamed colitis minimized systemic exposure. All IFX delivery formulations with nanocomposite carriers had a significantly less colitis-induced body weight loss, colon shortening and histomorphological score, compared to the DSS-treated group. AC-IFX-L and EAC-IFX-L groups showed significantly higher improvement of the disease activity index, compared to the DSS-treated group. In addition, AC-IFX-L and EAC-IFX-L alleviated pro-inflammatory cytokine expressions ( Tnfa , Il1b , and Il17 ). Conclusion We present orally administered antibody delivery systems which improved efficacy in murine colitis while reducing systemic exposure. These oral delivery systems suggest a promising therapeutic approach for treating IBD.
Characterization of a rhodanese homologue from Haemonchus contortus and its immune-modulatory effects on goat immune cells in vitro
Authors: Wang Yujian , Ehsan Muhammad , Huang Jianmei , Aimulajiang Kalibixiati , Yan RuoFeng , Song XiaoKai , Xu LiXin , Li Xiangrui
Published: August 2020

Background: Modulation of the host immune response by nematode parasites has been widely reported. Rhodaneses (thiosulfate: cyanide sulfurtransferases) are present in a wide range of organisms, such as archaea, bacteria, fungi, plants and animals. Previously, it was reported that a rhodanese homologue could be bound by goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vivo.Methods: In the present study, we cloned and produced a recombinant rhodanese protein originating from Haemonchus contortus (rHCRD), a parasitic nematode of small ruminants. rHCRD was co-incubated with goat PBMCs to assess its immunomodulatory effects on proliferation, apoptosis and cytokine secretion.Results: We verified that the natural HCRD protein localized predominantly to the bowel wall and body surface of the parasite. We further demonstrated that serum produced by goats artificially infected with H. contortus successfully recognized rHCRD, which bound to goat PBMCs. rHCRD suppressed proliferation of goat PBMCs stimulated by concanavalin A but did not induce apoptosis in goat PBMCs. The production of TNF-α and IFN-γ decreased significantly, whereas secretion of IL-10 and TGF-β1 increased, in goat PBMCs after exposure to rHCRD. rHCRD also inhibited phagocytosis by goat monocytes. Moreover, rHCRD down-regulated the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II on goat monocytes in a dose-dependent manner, but did not alter MHC-I expression.Conclusions: These results propose a possible immunomodulatory target that may help illuminate the interactions between parasites and their hosts at the molecular level and reveal innovative protein species as candidate drug and vaccine targets.
Prognostic Value of Combined Detection of Serum and Pleural Fluid Tumor Markers in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer With Malignant Pleural Effusion
Authors: Xie Li-Xu , Jiang Shi-Chang , Chen Zi , Jiang Shu-Juan , Wang Xing-Guang , Zhou Lin-Fu
Published: August 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to erroneous posting.
Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome in the pregnant patient: clinical case and literature review
Authors: Flament Julien , Scius Nathan , Thonon Henri
Published: August 2020

Background

Cannabis use is on the rise. Several cases of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome, secondary to chronic cannabis intoxication, have been described worldwide, but few cases have described this entity in pregnant women.

Case presentation

We describe a 29-year-old pregnant patient that had consumed cannabis and experienced uncontrolled vomiting. The use of hot baths, the rapid improvement in symptoms, and results of complementary examinations suggested a diagnosis of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. The patient could return home and she continued her pregnancy and childbirth without peculiarities.

Conclusion

Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of vomiting in pregnancy. Consumption of cannabis must be systematically included in the anamnesis. However, it seems to be somewhat unacceptable socially or medically. Consumption must be stopped to manage symptoms.
Mental health status of Chinese residents during the COVID-19 epidemic
Authors: Jiang Wen , Liu Xuerong , Zhang Jingxuan , Wang Jia , Feng Zhengzhi
Published: August 2020

Background: To investigate the mental health status of Chinese residents during the epidemic of COVID-19 and identify the positive and negative factors affecting mediating effects of negative cognitive processing bias on mental health. Methods: Using a general questionnaire, such as the self-rating depression scale, the state anxiety inventory, and the negative cognitive processing bias questionnaire, an internet-based survey was conducted on 60199 residents in China. An ordered multiple logistic regression analysis model was used to analyze the collected data. Results: The survey showed that the incidences of mild, moderate, and severe depression were 62.65%, 11.33%, and 6.14%, respectively, and that of mild, moderate and severe anxiety were 33.21%, 41.27%, and 22.99%, respectively. The results of ordered multiple logistic regression analysis showed that factors, such as female gender, age more than 55 years elderly, high school education level, medical staff, marital conflicts, negative attention bias, rumination, and death rate positively affected the level of depression and anxiety. The good family functionality, democratic working atmosphere, and a myriad of social activities negatively affected the level of depression and anxiety.Conclusion: The Chinese residents exhibited a high prevalence of anxiety and depression during the epidemic. Thus, psychological interventions should focus on the vulnerable groups, and cognitive training should focus on reducing the negative cognitive processing bias that might be an effective way to alleviate the mental stress of the general public during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Diabetic Retinopathy Predicts Cardiovascular Mortality in Diabetes: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Xiao-Hong , Sun Bo , Zhong Shan , Wei Dong-Dong , Hong Ze , DONG Aiqiang
Published: August 2020

Background: The prognostic significance of diabetic retinopathy (DR) for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remained unclear. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to assess whether DR predicted CVD mortality in diabetic patients.Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library for cohort studies reporting the association of DR and CVD mortality. Then we pooled the data for analysis. Results: After screening the literature, 10 eligible studies with 11,239 diabetic subjects were finally included in quantitative synthesis. The pooled risk ratio (RR) of DR, mild DR, and severe DR for CVD mortality was 1.83 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.42, 2.36; P < 0.001), 1.13 (95% CI: 0.81, 1.59; P = 0.46), and 2.26 (1.31, 3.91; P = 0.003), respectively, compared to those without DR. In type 2 DM, the patients with DR had a significantly higher CVD mortality (RR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.27, 2.24; P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis also showed a significantly higher CVD mortality in DR according to various regions, study design, data source, and follow-up period (all RR > 1; all P values < 0.05). Data from 2 studies showed no significant correlation of DR and CVD mortality in diabetic patients receiving cardiovascular surgery (RR: 2.40; 95% CI: 0.63, 9.18; P = 0.200). Conclusions: DR is a risk marker of cardiovascular death, and severe DR predicts a doubled mortality of CVD in diabetes. These findings indicate the importance of early identification and management of diabetic patients with DR to reduce the risk of death.
Status of Heart Failure During COVID-19 Lockdown: A Multi-centric Study From Southern India
Authors: Meenakshisundaram Ramachandran , Senthilkumaran Subramanian , Thirumalaikolundusubramanian Ponniah , Joy Melvin , Jena Narendra Nath , Ayyasamy Shyamsundar , Chandrasekaran VP
Published: August 2020

Background:Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus (SARS CoV2) infection (COVID-19) has affected many countries globally. During COVID-19 lockdown, there has been a reduction in emergency room presentations and subsequent hospital admissions for many diseases. Objective: Our aim was to find out the statusof heart failure (HF) cases treated in the hospitals of during COVID-19 lockdown period, and to compare these with those cases treated during no-lockdown period and highlight the possible reasons for variations. Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out across the nine-private hospitals located in four different cities of Tamil Nadu state, Southern India. Data on HF and emergency room attendance were collected for lockdown period (April 2020) and no-lockdown period (February 2020 as well as April 2019 and 2018) and analysed statistically. Results: During the lockdown period, there were 30 to 33% reductions in the emergency room attendance, whereas the total HF cases were more than no-lockdown period. Among HF, the proportion of ischemic HF was decreased, but the proportion of non-ischemic HF was increased, and these were independent of gender and ejection fraction sub-category. Discussion: Our observations of reduction in ischemic HF was attributable to steep reduction in air quality index in these cities, and a rise in non-ischemic HF could be due to doctor centred practice, lack of doctor-patient communication, under-utilisation of healthcare technologies including telehealth services, and poor compliance resulting in acute decompensation.
Ketamine treatment safety and tolerability in treatment-resistant depression with somatic comorbidities: focus on dissociation and psychotic symptomatology.
Authors: Włodarczyk Adam , Cubała Wiesław J. , Węgielnik-Gałuszko Maria , Wiglusz Mariusz S.
Published: August 2020

Background and objectives: There is evidence for ketamine use in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Several safety and tolerability concerns arise regarding adverse drug reactions and specific subpopulations. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between dissociative and psychometric measures in course of intravenous ketamine treatment in TRD inpatients with Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar depression.Methods: The study population of 49 inpatients comprises of MDD and BP subjects treated with ketamine registered in the naturalistic observational protocol of the tertiary reference unit for mood disorders (NCT04226963). The study may be underpowered due to the small sample size. The observations apply to inhomogeneous TRD population in a single-site with no blinding and are limited to the acute administration. Results: The epilepsy was significantly associated with changes in BPRS over time (p=0.008). Psychotic symptomatology with BPRS scores for comorbid somatic conditions excluding epilepsy turned out to be insignificant (p = 0.198) regardless the diagnosis. Conclusions: In ketamine use, careful consideration of comorbidities and concomitant medication is needed. In ketamine administration close-clinical supervision is necessary at every visit. Psychotic symptoms must be taken into consideration in planning treatment with TRD patients with epilepsy. Somatic comorbidity may impact dissociative symptomatology. Trial Registration: Study registered: 04DEC2019, clinicaltrials.com no. NCT04226963 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04226963
Volcanic Eruptions Caused by Extreme Weather:The Role of Super Rainfall
Authors: Uchida Nobuo
Published: August 2020

Volcanic eruptions are well known as sources of catastrophic damage and loss of life. In general, eruptions are understood to be caused by the movement of magma upward through the volcano, until it reaches the crater or a secondary vent where it is released explosively to the environment. In the case of steam (phreatic) eruptions, the exposure of water to the extreme heat injects significant amounts of energy into the system resulting in violent explosions and substantial destruction (Leonid et al. 1995)1 .Often, there is no warning on existing seismic monitoring networks of the impending eruption. However, we demonstrate a correlation between extreme rainfall and volcanic activity at Mt. Ontake in Japan and propose that phreatic eruptions are due to a movement of water rather than magma. This work demonstrates the importance of monitoring rainfall on volcanoes to prevent loss of human life in eruptions that may follow periods of excessive precipitation.