bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Shopping Orientations, Consumer Innovativeness, Purchase Experience, and Gender on Intention to Shop for Fashion Products Online
Authors: Nirmala Ratih Puspa , Dewi Ike Janita
Published: September 2018

Nowadays, many fashion retailers or marketers use the power of internet to promote and sell their products. This research examines the effects of consumers’ shopping orientations (brand/fashion consciousness, shopping enjoyment, price consciousness, convenience/time consciousness, shopping confidence, in-home shopping tendency), consumer innovativeness, online purchase experience for fashion products, and gender on consumers’ intention to shop for fashion products online. Data were collected through online surveys from the population of internet users in Indonesia, aged between 15 and 30 years old (generation Y), who had bought or browsed fashion products through the internet (N=210). This research is a quantitative research which uses purposive sampling and multiple regression analysis. Results show that the effects of several shopping orientations (shopping enjoyment, price consciousness, in-home shopping tendency), consumer innovativeness, online purchase experience for fashion products, and gender, are significant on consumers’ intention to shop for fashion products online. Furthermore, gender is marginally significant related to consumers’ intention to shop for fashion products online. Surprisingly, women tend to have lower intentions to shop for fashion products online compared to men.
Sources of Labor Growth in Malaysian Manufacturing Sector
Authors: Tin Poo Bee , Rashid Zakariah Abdul
Published: September 2018

The manufacturing sector plays an important role in Malaysianindustrial development. High growth rates and technology expan-sion in the manufacturing sector resulted in a substantial increasein demand for labor. This process of rapid growth and changes in thedemand for labor were also accompanied by changes in laborstructure and skills. At the same time, the range of activities andproducts became more diversified and, correspondingly the compo-sition of manpower sub sectors changed significantly. This studyemployed the input-output Structural Decomposition Analysis (SDA).The analysis computed the compositional manpower change as aresult of decomposition. The result of this study indicates thatsources of labor growth in the manufacturing sector were favored bychanges in the final demand structure. Within the changes in thefinal demand structure, changes in domestic demand structure werethe dominant source of employment growth between 1978 and 1991and the overall period 1978-2000. However, from 1991 to 2000,employment change was due mainly to changes in export structure.Changes in the structure of domestic demand had a relatively strongand increasing effect on service workers, production and relatedworkers, transport equipment operators, laborers, and clerical andrelated workers during the 1978-1991 period. Changes in the exportstructure were the main factor that had an increasing effect on the employment of high skill workers and sales workers. However,during the second sub period of 1991-2000, manpower growth wasexports structure driven.Keywords: input-output; labor; manufacturing; structural decomposition analysis
The Application of Choice-Based Conjoint Model to Study Government Authorities Preference: A Case of Traffic-Subsidy-Pollution Related Policy in Indonesia
Authors: Gudono Gudono
Published: September 2018

According to the UN, air pollution kills more than 3 millionpeople each year (UN-Habitat 2007). Despite the magnitude ofthe impact, delays in making decisions about the environmentare quite common among governments worldwide. The purposesof this study are twofold. First, the study is to investigate therelative strength of attributes of environmental policy such asmethods of vehicle restriction, percentage of reduction in lead (and CO2) content, and percentage of subsidy reduction. Second, the study is to test government choice when it facesconservative, “scientific,” and popular policy alternatives. Toachieve both objectives this research uses an experimentalmethod. The orthogonal design is adopted for stimuli presenta-tion and conjoint analysis is used for data analysis. The re-search participants are students of an accounting graduateprogram of a state university in Java (Indonesia).The results suggest CO2/lead reduction has the strongesteffect on policy maker preference. In addition, those policymakers tend to prefer the  status quo condition which indicatesconservative views. This is demonstrated by the tendency of theirchoice on an alternative policy package which requires minimum changes compared with the existing policies (a maximumutility of 64.3 percent vs. 28.6 percent and 7.1 percent of otheralternatives). In addition, bureaucrats tend to play “safe”(namely the reduction of lead content in gasoline) when thepossibility of resistance is imminence. Some consequences of theresearch findings are also discussed. Keywords: conjoint analysis; mixed environmental; public policy; utility function
Unusual Market Activity Announcements: A Study of Price Manipulation on the Indonesian Stock Exchange
Authors: Hanafi Mamduh M.
Published: September 2018

We investigate stocks involved in the Unusual Market Activity (UMA) Announcements. The Indonesian Stock Exchange occasionally issues UMA announcements when it suspects that there are unusual price increases (positive UMAs) or price decreases (negative UMAs), as well as unusual increases in trading volumes. We believe that UMA announcements signal a high probability that stocks are being manipulated. We find no differences in fundamentals and trading variables between stocks in the UMA announcements and those not in the UMA announcements. Any stock is vulnerable to market manipulation. Stocks in the UMA announcements do not exhibit reversal patterns, suggesting that price effect is permanent. UMAs seem to convey relevant information, which is most likely in the form of insider type of information.Keywords: emerging market; price manipulation; unusual market activity announcement.
The Influence of Multinationality on Determinants of Change in Debt Level: Empirical Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Utama Cynthia A. , Rahmawati Santi
Published: September 2018

This study aims to investigate whether: (1) the change in debt level is affected by agency problems, the probability of bankruptcy, firm size, and profitability; (2) the change in debt level is affected by multinationality (i.e., multinational corporations (MNCs) or domestic corporations (DCs)) and whether multinationality affects the relationship of agency problems, probability of bankruptcy, size, and profitability to the change in debt level. This study finds that in general, the change in debt level is negatively affected by the probability of bankruptcy and size. Furthermore, the changes in debt level for Indonesian MNCs are negatively affected by the probability of bankruptcy, firm size, and profitability. The negative effects of size and profitability on the change in debt level support the view of the Pecking Order Theory. However, for domestic companies, none of the determinants has a significant effect on the change in debt level. We also find that: (1) only size has a negative influence on the change in debt level when we include all interactive terms in the model; (2) if we include one interactive variable at a time, the probability of bankruptcy, firm size, and profitability have negative influences on the change in debt level; in addition, a positive impact of agency problems on the change in debt level is more pronounced for MNCs compared to DCs. Overall, we conclude that multinationality affects the relationship between agency problems and the change in debt level.Keywords: capital structure; Indonesia leverage; multinational corporations
Integration of Stock Markets between Indonesia and Its Major Trading Partners
Authors: Karim Bakri Abdul , Majid M. Shabri Abdul , Abdul Karim Samsul Ariffin
Published: September 2018

Using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Vector Autoregressive (VAR) frameworks, this study examines the integration between the emerging stock market of Indonesia and its major trading partners (i.e., Japan, the U.S., Singapore, and China). During the period of July 1998 to December 2007, the Indonesian stock market is found to be integrated with its major trading partners. Thus, this implies that there is a limited room available for investors to gain risk-reduction benefits through diversifying their portfolio in those markets. Meanwhile, in the short run, the Indonesian market responds more to shocks in the U.S. and Singapore than in Japan and China. In designing policies pertaining to its stock market, the Indonesian government should take into account any development in the stock markets of its major trading partners, particularly the U.S. and Singaporean markets.
What Drives the Payment of Higher Merger Premiums?
Authors: Soegiharto Soegiharto
Published: September 2018

This study examines whether the premiums paid to targets firms are affected by bidder CEO overconfidence, merger waves, method of payment, industry of merged firms, and capital liquidity. Using merger data for the period spanning from 1991 to 2000, this study finds that CEOs pay less premiums in cash mergers and pay more premiums for mergers undertaken during the year of high capital liquidity. Moreover, the findings also demonstrate that CEOs tend to pay higher merger premiums for mergers that occur during merger waves and in high capital liquidity year. CEOs’ behavior, which is the main variable examined in this study, does not show any significant effect on the premiums paid. This suggests that the effect of CEO overconfidence on the premiums paid may be exaggerated.
THE EFFECT OF POLITICAL POWER ON BUDGET MONITORING: A Study of Fertilizer Industry in Indonesia
Authors: Syakhroza Akhmad
Published: September 2018

This study examines the role of political power on the process of budget monitoring in the context of the fertilizer manufacturing industry in Indonesia. The objectives of this study are: (a)to investigate the relationship between budget monitoring and managerial roles, (b) to examine the two-way interaction effect between budgets monitoring and politics on managerial roles, and (3)to identify the effect of departmental power on the two-way interaction between budgets monitoring and politics affecting managerial roles. The sample for this study consists of four public sector fertilizer-manufacturing enterprises in Indonesia. This study uses a questionnaire survey supplemented by structured interviews. The questionnaire, adapted from previous studies, utilizes a seven-point Lilcert scale. Respondents to the questionnaire were middle managers. The results provide substantial evidence that interaction between budget monitoring and politics affect managerial roles; and that the departmental power plays a significant role on such interactions.
TIME-VARYING BETA AND VOLATILITY IN THE KUALA LUMPUR STOCK EXCHANGE
Authors: Ibrahim Mansor
Published: September 2018

The paper analyzes the relationship between beta risk and aggregate market volatility for 12sized-based portfolios for the case of Malaysia using daily data from January 1988 to December 2000. The analysis is conducted for the entire sample as well as various sub-samples corresponding to (i)the upward trend in the market from January 1988-December 1992; (ii) the huge influx of portfolio investments from January 1993-June 1997, and (Hi) the Asian crisis and its aftermath from July 1997-December 2000. The results generally suggest instability in beta risk due to its significant response to aggregate market volatility. Additionally, we also note that the direction of relationship between beta risk and market volatility seems to depend on stock market conditions or sub-samples used. Namely, beta risk seems to decrease with increasing market volatility for the whole sample as well as the first and the third sub-samples. However, for the second sub-sample, their relationship turns to be positive. Lastly, the author have evidence for the Malaysian case that size does not play significant role in the way beta risk responds to aggregate market volatility. These results have important implications for investment decisions as well as for event analyses employing the market model to generate abnormal returns.
Market Mavenism: Its Contribution in Building Consumer’s Trust
Authors: Puspa Jofi , Rahardja Conny Tjandra
Published: September 2018

In globalization era, firms have to deal with multifaceted challenges. Dynamic changes in consumers’ demands and desires, technology, and new knowledge and innovative movement of competitors are some examples of the important tasks to be managed in order to be able to survive in the market. The role of communications and the presence of market maven cannot be ignored because both are salient elements for establishing a firm’s marketing strategy. Market maven has been well defined and studied. However, the participation of market maven in improving a consumer’s knowledge and trust in certain object is unclear. Therefore, this study aims to: (1) investigate the role of inherent personal knowledge in affecting trust, (2) investigate as to whether mavens play a role in improving a recipient’s knowledge level and trust. The authors conducted a study that involved a total of 134 students as respondents. The correlation between subjective knowledge and trust attains a medium level, while objective knowledge is related to trust at a very low level. Trust in the low maven group is the lowest compared to that in medium and high mavens. This study indicates that there are different results in terms of effects of information provided by three different maven groups.
Performance Implications of Environment-Strategy-Governance Misfit
Authors: Gani Lindawati , Jermias Johnny
Published: September 2018

This study examines the impacts of matching competitive environment, business strategy, and corporate governance structure on firm performance. We predict that in a dynamic environment, firms pursuing a product differentiation strategy will perform better than firms pursuing a strategy of cost leadership, but the performance differential is affected by the level of board independence and managerial share ownership. In a stable environment, we predict that firms pursuing a strategy of cost leadership will perform better than firms pursuing a product differentiation strategy, and the performance differential is affected by the level of board independence and managerial share ownership. Overall, the results are consistent with the predictions of this study. Board independence and managerial ownership affect the performance differential between product differentiators and cost leaders in a dynamic environment. In a stable environment, however, the results are not statistically significant.
The Impact of the Tick Size Reduction on Liquidity: Empirical Evidence from the Jakarta Stock Exchange
Authors: Purwoto Lukas , Tandelilin Eduardus
Published: September 2018

On July 3, 2000, the Jakarta Stock Exchange (JSX) reduced its tick size from Rp25.00 to Rp5.00. This study examines the impact of the tick size reduction on the JSX bid-ask spread, market depth, and trading activity. Using daily data, this study finds that the rupiah spread, percentage spread, and depth decreased significantly. All of these findings are not surprising since they are consistent with previous studies conducted in several different markets.In contrast to previous studies, this study finds that the key variable in determining the difference in performance of JSX stocks following the tick size reduction is the price of the stock. Specifically, all the trading activity measures e.g. in the number of trades, share volume, and rupiah volume, increased for low-priced stocks. Conversely, trading activity decreased for high-priced stocks. The possible explanation is that absolute tick size Rp5.00 is too small in economic terms for JSX high-priced stocks, so those decrease the investors’ willingness to trade.
The Influence of Firm Ecological Recruitment Advertisements On Organizational Attractiveness and Career Choices: An Experimental Research
Authors: Jatmiko Pracoyo Budi
Published: September 2018

This present study investigates college students’ interest to a green company and intention to work for the company. This study also investigates how much salary they are willing to receive to work for the company. The results of the study show construct validity evidence that being attracted to the organization and desire to pursue a job in the organization are divergence constructs. Both constructs are influenced by different factors in magnitude. This study also finds that environmental information stated in the recruitment brochure can positively influence applicants’ interest and intention to pursue a job in the company. Yet, applicants only react positively to an environment-friendly company that offers high pay level. They are more attracted to an environment-friendly company that offers high pay level. However, this relationship does not influence applicants’ intention to pursue a job. Applicants’ personal concern on the environment do not influence applicants’ interest and intention to pursue a job in a green company. This suggests that a positive environmental information articulated in the recruitment brochure could positively affect potential recruits, even when applicants did not personally see herself or himself as being particularly pro-environment.
Perception of Professional Engineers toward Quality of Worklife and Organizational Commitment: A Case Study
Authors: Zin Razali Mat
Published: September 2018

This empirical investigation was aimed to determine the pattern of the  relationships between the perceived presence of quality of worklife (QWL) factors and organizational commitment using samples from professional engineers in Malaysia. Engineers in private sector were selected to participate in this study. A total of 250 sets of questionnaires were sent to the selected organizations, and 152 useable questionnaire representing a response rate of 60.8% were used for statistical analysis. A QWL measure consisting of seven factors: growth and development, participation, physical environment, supervision, pay and benefit, social relevance, and workplace integration was developed based on Walton’s (1974) conception. The three-component model and measure of organizational commitment developed by Allen and Meyer (1990) was adopted in this study. Results of regression analysis indicated that only two QWL factors, growth and development and pay and benefit, were significant in explaining organizational commitment. Implication and suggestions for further research are also discussed.
THE EFFECT OF JOB EMBEDDEDNESS ON ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR: The Mediating Role of Sense of Responsibility
Authors: Wijayanto Bonifacius Riwi , Kismono Gugup
Published: September 2018

This study examines a new attachment concept called job embeddedness as antecedent of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Firstly, we tested hypothesis concerning positive relationship between job embeddedness and OCB as predicted by Mitchell et al. (2001). Secondly, we tested hypothesis concerning the mediation effect of sense of responsibility in the relationship between job embeddedness and OCB.Nurses (N = 170) and their immediate supervisors ( N = 41) from five privately owned hospital in Jogjakarta participated in this study. Of 340 questionnaires distributed to the respondents, 339 were returned yielding a response rate of 99 percent. Of those returned, 300 questionnaires were available for further analyses. Nurses were asked to respond to a questionnaire of 40 items concerning perception of embeddedness and 4 item concerning sense of responsibility to their employing organization. Nurses’ citizenship behavior were measured using 12 items as rated by their immediate supervisors. The results support the hypothesis that job embeddedness correlates positively with OCB. However, our result failed to support the prediction of the mediating effect of employees’ sense of responsibility in causal relationship between job embeddedness and OCB. The implications of the findings for further research on relationship between job embeddedness and OCB research are discussed.
The Preparedness of the Indonesian Garment Exporters in the Post-MFA Scenario: An Analysis from the Survey
Authors: Shihab Muchsin , K. Jain Sudhir
Published: September 2018

The clothing or garments industry has developed rapidly during the past some decades and has contributed to the economic growth of many nations, both developed and developing countries. This industry has been very much regulated by many bilateral agreements such as Multi Fiber Arrangement (MFA), a quota arrangement made by the importing countries. As MFA (quota regime) comes to an end by 2005 and integrates into the WTO regime, it will bring opportunities to highly competitive and proactive garment exporting countries whereas the challenges will be faced more by the less competitive countries. Issues related to environment and social compliance, technology requirements etc. have been brought into surface by the importing countries, which may worsen the condition. Under the above scenario, it is imperative that certain proactive measures be taken. Thus, the broad objective of this study is to analyze the response of the garment exporters from Indonesia towards the emerging issues related to environmental and social compliance, technology requirements etc. The present study is a questionnaire-based study. The samples have been selected from the Directories of largest exporters in the country. With reminders and persuasion, the final number of useable responses has been 115 Indonesian garment exporters. Seven factors of the emerging issues were identified by using factor analysis. In addition, factors of competitiveness, and the strategies adopted by the exporters have also been analyzed. The findings show that the overall perceptions of the Indonesia garment exporters indicate that Indonesia is less competitive as compared to other competing countries.
The Relationships between Belief, Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Behavior Towards Infant Food Formula Selection: The Views of the Malaysian Mothers
Authors: Ramayah T. , Nasurdin Aizzat Mohd. , Noor Mohd. Nasser , Sin Quah Boon
Published: September 2018

The purpose of the study is to determine the relationships between belief, attitude, subjective norm, intention, and behavior towards the choice of infant food based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). An analysis on a sample of 108 mothers indicates that the TRA could be used in predicting choice decision of infant food formulas by explaining 57 percent of the variance in the behavioral intention. The subjective norm component had a higher predictive power than the attitudinal component. Of this normative component, parents or relatives and doctors were found to be more influential. Intention to choose an infant formula was also influenced by family income. The belief outcomes in evaluating a premium infant formula and economic infant formula were found to be different. For premium infant formula, brand trusted, closest to breast milk and nutrients content were identified as the dominant attributes. In contrast, availability, affordable, and nutrients content were identified as the prime beliefs in evaluating economic infant formula. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Do Income Smoothing Practices Explain the Lower Earnings-Price Ratio of Japanese Firms Compared to Those of the U.S. Firms?
Authors: Kusuma Indra Wijaya
Published: September 2018

This study examines the variation in earnings-price ratios across Japanese and U.S. firms. The earnings-price ratio is one of the indicators often used by investors to determine their trading strategy. Previous literature document that Japanese firms have consistently lower earnings-price ratios than U.S. firms even though the earnings of Japanese firms have been adjusted to the U.S. GAAP. The objective of this study is to show that Japanese firms engage in income smoothing practices that stabilize earnings, thereby increasing Japanese investors’ willingness to pay higher prices for Japanese stocks. Comparing the income smoothing index and proportion of firms identified as smoothers shows that the intensity of Japanese firms practicing income-smoothing is greater than that of U.S. firms. The results also show that income-smoothing index is significant in explaining the cross-sectional variation of earnings-price ratios for Japanese firms but it is not significant for U.S. firms.  Two potential explanations for the results of U.S. firms are as follows.  First, income smoothing is not practiced widely across firms in the U.S.  Therefore, the variation of income smoothing does not explain the variation in the cross-sectional earnings-price ratios.  Second, even if U.S. firms practice income smoothing, the investors are aware of it and do not take earnings figures literally.Another results show that controlling for income smoothing does not eliminate the differences in the earnings-price ratios of the Japanese and U.S. firms. It is appropriate to conclude that although income smoothing plays a role in explaining the variations of earnings-price ratios across Japanese firms, it is not the only factor that contributes to the differences in the earnings-price ratios of Japanese and U.S. firms.  Other factors may play a role which are either country-specific (such as inflationary expectations, tax regimes) or firm-specific (such as quality of earnings, real returns) as suggested by Brown (1989). The overall results are consistent across samples.
Social and Environmental Reporting and Auditing in Indonesia: Maintaining Organizational Legitimacy?
Authors: Basalamah Anies S. , Jermias Johnny
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine social and environmental reporting and auditing practices by companies in Indonesia. Consistent with our prediction, we found that social and environmental reporting and auditing are undertaken by management for strategic reasons, rather than on the basis of any perceived responsibilities. The results indicate that reporting and auditing social and environmental activities increases following threats to the company’s legitimacy and ongoing survival. The results also support our prediction that social and environmental reports vary across companies. This study calls for mandatory reporting and auditing of social and environmental activities through regulations and reinforcements. This mandatory requirement is particularly needed for companies with activities that are considered socially and environmentally sensitive. Furthermore, this study reveals that the social and environmental reporting and auditing are performed by organizations other than accounting profession. We propose that accountants should partake in these activities given the expertise that they could usefully bring to these areas.
Enhancing Foreign Consumer Acceptance The Role of Capabilities of Creating Export-Market Oriented Products in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs)
Authors: Firmanzah Firmanzah
Published: September 2018

The main purpose of this paper is to measure the effects of SMEs capabilities on their export performance. This paper offers a model to test the effects of the capabilities of creating export-market oriented products (EMOPs) on increasing SMEs’ export performance. Six hypotheses are developed to analyze causal effects of variables. Using 387 Indonesian SMEs as sample, hypotheses testing highlight the importance of SMEs’ capabilities of building export-market oriented products, which highly follow foreign (export) market standards. Hence, these kinds of products increase foreign consumer acceptance. In general, this paper offers a possible explanation to predict the determinants of how SMEs’ can perform in the export market.
Product Development Categorized as Independent Strategic and Innovative Practice: Case from Indian Manufacturing
Authors: Dutt Himanshu
Published: September 2018

In recent time, Indian manufacturing has seen technologically intensive and resource optimization based initiatives to satisfy competitive urge and to build or sustain market position. This they do by developing products either strategically or innovatively, but that is hardly distinguished or seen as a separate approach to product development. Strategically, product development is resource optimization based while innovatively, it is product differentiation focused. This paper outlines the strategic and innovative approach to product development and analyzes sector specific role of each in product development. The study is undertaken with nine product development team-leaders and resource-heads, three of each from automobile, steel and textile. It is concluded that textile is strategically skewed toward product development whereas automobile is inclined towards innovative orientation. The biggest limitation of this study is smaller sample-size because respondents are reluctant to disclose new technical initiatives and composition of product development.
Investigating the Simultaneity of Corporate Hedging and Debt Policies: Empirical Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Suriawinata Iman Sofian
Published: September 2018

The primary objective of this paper is to investigate the simultaneity of corporate hedging and debt policies. Using a pooled sample of Indonesian non-financial listed firms covering the periods of 1996-2001, the present study finds evidence that corporate hedging and debt policies are simultaneously determined. That is, the use of debts motivate firms to hedge; but simultaneously, hedging increases debt capacity and induces firms to borrow more in order to take advantage of the tax benefits arising from additional debt capacity. Another important finding is that financially distressed firms –as indicated by their debt restructuring programs– are less motivated to hedge, because such firms will see that the option values of their equity will increase as their cash-flow volatilities increase. Therefore, financially distressed firms tend not to hedge; or at least, hedge lesser compared to those of firms that do not experience financial distress.
PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT VIOLATION AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR
Authors: Othman Rozhan , Arshad Rasidah , Hashim Noor Azuan , Isa Rosmah Md
Published: September 2018

A psychological contract is an implicit understanding between a group of employees and their employer that arose as a result of a particular leadership style. Psychological contract violation (PCV) is said to occur when there is a perceived breach of promise that leads to an emotional and affective response. The literature on PCV posits a number of antecedents and outcomes of PCV. This study seeks to develop a model of PCV by linking it with justice and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). It is argued that the antecedents of PCV lead to a sense of  injustice. These will then create the emotional response that is indicative of PCV. It is also argued that an outcome of this PCV experience is reduced OCB and the emergence of a new outlook towards employment relationship. Data was collected from a Malaysian company that initiated a voluntary separation scheme as part of an effort to downsize its work force. The finding of this study provides partial support for the model.
Shifts in Pattern of Specialization: Case Studies of India and China
Authors: Widodo Tri
Published: September 2018

This paper examines shifts in pattern of specialization of China’s and India’s exported groups of products defined in the three-digit Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) Revision 2. This paper applies Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantages (RSCA) index and Spearman’s rank correlation. Some conclusions are withdrawn. First, on average the comparative advantages of both China and India increase, except in the case of China for the period of 1998-2003. Second, China’s pattern of comparative advantage changes more dynamically than that of India. Third, the China’s and India’s patterns of comparative advantage show different trends (divergent/more complementary).
The ‘Knowledge Gap’ and ‘Deficient Performance Gap’ between Auditors and Corporate Managers: An Empirical Study in Malaysia
Authors: Lee Teck Heang , Md. Ali Azham
Published: September 2018

This paper reports the findings of a questionnaire survey of “knowledge gap” and “deficient performance gap” conducted in Malaysia on auditors and corporate managers. A total of 47 auditors and 72 corporate managers in Klang Valley responded to the survey. The aims of the study are two folds. Firstly, it ascertains the knowledge of the auditors and corporate managers of the auditors’ duties as required by the Malaysian Companies Act 1965 and the Malaysian Approved Standards on Auditing. Secondly, it elicits the perceived performance of auditors in relation to these required duties. The results of the study indicate the existence of “knowledge gap” and “deficient performance gap” between auditors and corporate managers. Overall, the results indicate that: (1) the auditors in Malaysia are knowledgeable about their duties and (2) the corporate managers have limited knowledge of auditors’ duties and they are less satisfied with some of the duties performed by the auditors.
Imaginative Experience: A Narrative-Dialogic Ethnography of the Community Who Adores Its Idol
Authors: Ardianto Eka
Published: September 2018

Managing customer loyalty becomes an important activity in marketing management. One of the reasons is that loyal consumers tend to make good financial performances to producer. Unfortunately, gaining a loyal customer is not a trivial activity since there are gaps to understand consumer experience comprehensively. To fulfill the gaps, this article explores imaginative experience of the community who adores its idol in the light of cultural perspective. The members of the community who adores its idol experience the imaginative experience. The author argues that those phenomena are cultural perspective, because they are meaningful to the members. Through narrative-dialogic ethnography, the author builds the concept of imaginative experience that through the imaginative media, the members do narrative-dialogic between “the realm of areal” and “the realm of afotik” then activate the imaginative relations in “the realm of aktinik”. Every member constructs its imaginative relations into imaginative constructions formed in a personal story. Managing imaginative experience could benefit the company. It can be the “Imaginative Experience Management” (IEM) that accommodates imaginative consumers’ experiences with the company’s products deeply and sustainably through managing the story of its consumers’ imaginative experiences. It can also be linked to the customer loyalty programs. In this matter, IEM should be integrated with brand management.
Coworker Exchange, Leader-Member Exchange, and Work Attitudes:P A Study of Coworker Dyads
Authors: Wikaningrum Tri
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine how leader-member exchange (LMX) similarity might affect exchange quality between coworkers. This research also investigates the relationships of LMX and CWX (coworker exchange) to employees’ organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Each respondent from 76 nurses at three hospitals in Semarang were asked to rate the quality of the relationship he/she had with his/her supervisor, resulting in 76 LMX ratings. They were also asked to rate the quality of their relationships with each of their coworkers. A dyad was created where we had complete information on two employees rating one another. Once paired, a total of 146 dyads with complete LMX, CWX, and work attitude data were acquired. The results of this research indicate that the interaction between two coworkers’ LMX scores predicts CWX quality for the coworker dyad. After controlling for CWX, LMX quality is positively related to job satisfaction, but not to organizational commitment. Furthermore, after controlling for LMX, a greater diversity in a worker’s CWX relationship is negatively associated to his/her organizational commitment, but not to his/her job satisfaction. The interaction of CWX quality and CWX diversity, however, does not predict work attitude.
Using International Trade Data for Evaluating the Product Specific Competitiveness and Supplied Product Quality of Countries: A Successful Example of Applied Theory
Authors: Cleff Thomas
Published: September 2018

This paper proposes a simple regression-based method for reducing the complexity of decisions in the international procurement process. Based on foreign trade data, the method uses indicators, which allow a product specific cross-section and longitudinal-section valuation of the international competitiveness and the supplied product quality of all potential supplier countries. The method thus provides a variety of information for procurement departments, including the present level and the dynamic of competitiveness and product quality for the potential supplier countries within every product group of the international product nomenclature (Combined System and the Harmonised System). Potential supplier countries --the companies of which have proven to be particularly competitive in the different product quality stages-- are identified. This pre-selection of countries enables the companies to limit their search for potential suppliers to the selected supplier countries. High search costs are subsequently reduced and trend prognoses can be constructed.
AN INVESTIGATION OF EARNINGS MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIAN MANUFACTURING INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS
Authors: Gumanti Tatang Ary
Published: September 2018

This paper examines whether the issuers of Indonesian manufacturing initial public offerings (IPOs) manage the firm's reported earnings by making income increasing discretionary accruals. The absence of market-determined prices for IPO shares prior to the offering has made issuers and underwriters to use nonprice information. The test was performed on a sample of 45 IPOs that went public during the period of July1991 through December 1994. The model used in this study follows the one developed by Friedlan (1994). The results show that there is no evidence that earnings management occurs among the sample firms. In other words, this study is unable to reject the null hypothesis that the issuers of Indonesian IPOs exercise accounting discretion that increases the reported earnings in the periods prior to the offering. In contrast, the study finds strong evidence of earnings management in the period after the offering, which could be interpreted as issuers trying to maintain the firm's performance after the offering by making income increasing discretionary accruals.
BENEFITSEGMENTATION: Case of a National Bank's Customers in Indonesia
Authors: Yunianto Ahnad , Sugiyanto Catur
Published: September 2018

Fierce competition in Indonesian banking industry had forced banks to get closer to their customers in order to maintain their customer base. However, considering the banks limited resources and the market competition, raised question on which customers they should focus to serve. Benefit segmentation as one of the concept of market segmentation, provides a clear picture of which segment or type of customers the bank should focus. Undertaken in a national bank, this research was aimed to identify benefits desired by the customer in financial service; segments for the bank based on those benefits; and to identify whether there is a relationship between customers' demographics and their desired benefits. Factor analysis with principal component method was used to extract 29 banking attributes to a set of factors that capable to capture the main features of the responses. Cluster analysis was then applied to the dataset to identify whether a bundle of benefit might be sought by a specific customer segment. The last, chi-square test was applied to identify whether there is any correlation between the cluster and the demographic variables. Five factors (main benefits) sought by the customers were found, namely:  safety-convenience; relational; bank's features; cost; and promotional incentives. Based on those factors, the customers could be classified into four segments, service-oriented (38.41%), rate sensitive (16.85%), incentive seekers (13.30%), and safety-convenience (31.44%). A significant correlation between demographic characteristics (gender, age, education, income, monthly spending, occupation, and number of children) and desired customer benefits were found. Therefore, those demographic characteristics could be used to develop the customers' profiles.
Is Scissoring a Metaphor for Disconnecting a Relationship?
Authors: Chu Hosang , Kang Jungyun , Lee Minhwan , Kim Hakkyun
Published: September 2018

A great deal of attention has surrounded the role of embodied cognition in human judgments; however, it has received very little research attention, especially in the marketing field. This research is based on the idea that the act of cutting can activate perceptions of severing relationships, as well as eliciting a sense of independence. Study 1 showed that consumers are less likely to adopt a close friend’s opinion when they engage in the act of cutting an object with scissors. Study 2 demonstrated that people are less likely to trust the reviews of online communities while cutting a piece of string with scissors. These lowered intentions to adopt others’ opinions appeared to be mediated by increased psychological distances between the self and the information provider. In other words, people who engage in the act of scissoring unconsciously weaken or disconnect themselves from the information providers, thereby choosing not to adopt others’ opinions. This research identifies the link between the physical activity of cutting and the mental disconnection concerning social relationships. The results provide implications in setting up an integrative framework of the consumer decision-making process involving embodied cognition.
Factors Affecting Poor Strategy Implementation
Authors: Pella Muh. Darmin Ahmad , Sumarwan Ujang , Daryanto Arief , Kirbrandoko .
Published: September 2018

Research on strategy implementation has been developed for three decades, yet only a few studies focus on factors affecting poor strategy implementation. This research evaluates the influence of strategy implementation problems on strategy implementation success and firm performance. This survey was conducted in 60 Indonesian companies and the data were statistically analysed using Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM PLS). The results show significant influence of strategy implementation problems on the degree of successful strategy implementation and perceived firm performance. The seven major obstacles that have impact on poor strategy implementation are: problems related to corporate scorecard, key performance indicators, information technology, competence, performance appraisal, strategy management office, and financial support.
Analisis Karakteristik Demografi Pekerja Wanita Sektor Informal pada Era Masyarakat Ekonomi Asean di Kota Palembang
Authors: Armansyah Armansyah , Kiki Aryaningrum
Published: September 2018

Sektor informal merupakan kegiatan ekonomi alternatif bagi pekerja wanita di Kota Palembang. Selama ini potret sektor informal identik dengan rendahnya upah, pendidikan,kualitas, produktivitas, dan daya saing serta tidak ada keterampilan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk membahas karakteristik demografi pekerja wanita sektor informal di Kota Palembang pada era Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA). Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif, dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi dan indepth interview. Data yang telah terkumpul dianalisis dengan tahapan reduction, display dan conclution. Keabsahan data diuji dengan derajat credibility yang meliputi; perpanjangan pengamatan, peningkatan ketekunan, dan triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pekerja wanita sektor informal berada pada kelompok usia produktif dan pendidikan setaran SMA ke bawah. Mayoritas mereka memiliki keterampilan tetapi tidak digunakan sebagai modal usaha karena keterbatasan dana, kebanyakan dari mereka juga tidak pernah mengikuti pelatihan, bekerja sebagai pedagang dan tidak memiliki pengetahuan tentang MEA.
Illegal Journey: The Indonesian Undocumented Migrant Workers to Malaysia
Authors: Wahyudi Ridwan
Published: September 2018

The objective of this study is threefold. First, it uses fieldwork to explore the illegal journey of the Indonesian undocumented migrant workers, including all processes and interactions. Secondly, it identifies the substantive factors behind illegal influx into Malaysia. Thirdly, it draws out the implications from the illegal journey undertaken by them to Malaysia. This qualitative study applies the grounded theory approach. The result of this study shows that social capital within their network expands through various channels, particularly friendship, brotherhood, neighborhood, community and ethnic grouping. It also permeates strongly beyond government authority and regulation. They have constructed social classes among themselves. However, they have also been less able to get the social access because the absence of official documents deprives their human rights, and they are also blamed for social ills. Therefore, the regulation for both countries must recognize the rights, improvement governance, strengthen the integrity and curb corruption.
Perfluorinated Chemicals as Emerging Environmental Threats to Kidney Health
Authors: Stanifer John W. , Stapleton Heather M. , Souma Tomokazu , Wittmer Ashley , Zhao Xinlu , Boulware L. Ebony
Published: September 2018

Background and objectives

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a large group of manufactured nonbiodegradable compounds. Despite increasing awareness as global pollutants, the impact of PFAS exposure on human health is not well understood, and there are growing concerns for adverse effects on kidney function. Therefore, we conducted a scoping review to summarize and identify gaps in the understanding between PFAS exposure and kidney health.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCO Global Health, World Health Organization Global Index, and Web of Science for studies published from 1990 to 2018. We included studies on the epidemiology, pharmacokinetics, or toxicology of PFAS exposure and kidney-related health, including clinical, histologic, molecular, and metabolic outcomes related to kidney disease, or outcomes related to the pharmacokinetic role of the kidneys.

Results

We identified 74 studies, including 21 epidemiologic, 13 pharmacokinetic, and 40 toxicological studies. Three population-based epidemiologic studies demonstrated associations between PFAS exposure and lower kidney function. Along with toxicology studies (n=10) showing tubular histologic and cellular changes from PFAS exposure, pharmacokinetic studies (n=5) demonstrated the kidneys were major routes of elimination, with active proximal tubule transport. In several studies (n=17), PFAS exposure altered several pathways linked to kidney disease, including oxidative stress pathways, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor pathways, NF-E2–related factor 2 pathways, partial epithelial mesenchymal transition, and enhanced endothelial permeability through actin filament modeling.

Conclusions

A growing body of evidence portends PFASs are emerging environmental threats to kidney health; yet several important gaps in our understanding still exist.