bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using 3H as a tracer to study streamflow components in large plain catchments on temperate climate
Authors: Alcaraz Emiliano , Basaldúa Alejandro , Quiroz‐Londoño Orlando Mauricio , Dapeña Cristina , Ibarra Eduardo , Copia Lorenzo , Martínez Daniel
Published: August 2024

3H enters the hydrologic cycle after oxidizing in the 3H1HO molecule and it constitutes a very useful tracer for hydrological studies. One of these applications is streamflow component separation, which provides useful information to understand the hydrological cycle. This application is based on the fact that the contents in precipitation (runoff) tend to be markedly higher than those in groundwater (baseflow) because of decreasing activity in the last as a consequence of radioactive decay. The main objective of this paper is to test 3H for hydrograph separation in sub‐tropical South America, where it is favoured by high values in precipitation. The catchment of the Quequén Grande River, in Argentina, was selected. Total flow in surface water is a mixing between the baseflow and the event flow portion; the separation was done in three sections of the drainage network, and the proportion of baseflow were 36%, 88% and 47%.
Mechanisms of insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes mellitus: A case of glucolipotoxicity in skeletal muscle
Authors: Sammut Mitchell J. , Dotzert Michelle S. , Melling C. W. James
Published: August 2024

Insulin resistance (IR), a hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus, develops in a significant number of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) despite the use of insulin therapy to control glycemia. However, little is currently understood regarding the underlying mechanisms of IR in T1DM, especially within the context of chronic insulin treatment. Recent evidence suggests an important influence of glucolipotoxicity in skeletal muscle on insulin sensitivity in T1DM. Thus, this review summarizes our current knowledge regarding impairments in skeletal muscle lipid, glucose, and oxidative metabolism in the development of IR in insulin‐treated T1DM.
Alkaline shock protein 23 (Asp23)‐controlled cell wall imbalance promotes membrane vesicle biogenesis in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Li Jia , Zhu Keting , Li Chao , Huang Wei , Tian Xing , Yan He , Zhao Yan , Zhou Jing , Gao Xindi , Rao Xiancai , Li Gang , Zhou Renjie , Li Ming
Published: August 2024

Membrane vesicles (MVs) are produced by species across all domains of life and have diverse physiological functions as well as promising applications. While the mechanisms for vesiculation in Gram‐negative bacteria are well‐established, the genetic determinants and regulatory factors responsible for MV biogenesis in Gram‐positive bacteria remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that a Q225P substitution in the alternative sigma factor B (SigB) triggers MV production in Staphylococcus aureus strain Newman by hindering the specific binding of SigB to the asp23 promoter, thereby repressing expression of alkaline shock protein 23 (Asp23). Isogenic deletion of asp23 also promotes MV formation in Newman, confirming the critical roles played by sigB and asp23 in modulating S. aureus vesiculation. While bacterial growth and cytoplasmic membrane fluidity are not impaired, mutation of asp23 weakens the cell wall and enhances autolysis, consistent with decreased expression of alpha‐type psm and lrgAB that modulate murein hydrolase activity. TEM and proteomic analysis show that Newman and asp23 deletion mutant generate MVs with nearly identical morphology and composition, but virulence‐associated factors are significantly enriched in MVs from the asp23 mutant. Overall, this study reveals novel genetic determinants underlying S. aureus vesiculation and advances the understanding of the physiology of MV biogenesis in S. aureus.
Glycan masking of NTD loops with a chimeric RBD of the spike protein as a vaccine design strategy against emerging SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variants
Authors: Hung Hao‐Chan , Tan Boon‐Fatt , Lin Wei‐Shuo , Wu Suh‐Chin
Published: August 2024

The N‐terminal domain (NTD) of the SARS‐CoV‐2 S protein comprises five exposed protruding loops. Deletions, insertions, and substitutions within these NTD loops play a significant role in viral evolution and contribute to immune evasion. We reported previously that introducing the glycan masking mutation R158N/Y160T in the NTD loop led to increased titers of neutralizing antibodies against the SARS‐CoV‐2 Wuhan‐Hu‐01 strain, as well as the Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants. In this study, we conducted further investigations on 10 additional glycan‐masking sites in the NTD loops. Our findings indicate that the introduction of glycan masking mutations, specifically N87/G89T, H146N/N148T, N185/K187T, and V213N/D215T significantly enhanced neutralizing antibody titers against the Delta variant. The combination of dual glycan‐masking mutations R158N/Y160T+V213N/D215T and R158N/Y160T+G219N results in a shift toward the Omicron BA.1. Furthermore, the introduction of the Omicron receptor binding domain (RBD) alongside these two dual glycan masking mutations of Wuhan‐Hu‐1 and XBB.1 NTD sequences resulted in a noticeable shift in antigenic distances, aligning with the Omicron BA.4/5, BA.2.75.2, BQ.1.1, and XBB.1 subvariants on the antigenic map. This strategic combination, which involves the dual glycan masking mutations R158N/Y160T+V213N/D215T and R158N/Y160T+G219N in the NTD loops, along with the domain swap incorporating the Omicron RBD, emerges as a promising vaccine design strategy for the continuous development of next‐generation SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines.
Outcomes after multiligament knee injury worsen over time: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Klasan Antonio , Maerz Anne , Putnis Sven E. , Ernat Justin J. , Ollier Edouard , Neri Thomas
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Multiligament knee injuries (MLKIs) are devastating injuries that can have life‐long consequences. A management plan requires the decision to perform surgery or not, timing of surgery, consideration of repair versus reconstruction, reconstruction technique and reconstruction graft choice. The purpose of this study was to analyze development of clinical outcomes of MLKIs over time at a minimum of 2 years of follow‐up.

Methods

Four databases were queried for surgical outcome‐based studies of MLKIs published from 01/2000 through 09/2022 with a minimum 2‐year follow‐up. Technique articles, nonoperative treatment, arthroplasty, pediatric and review articles were excluded. Study characteristics including design, number of patients, age, follow‐up period, anatomical region and posterior‐cruciate ligament (PCL)‐based injury were collected. Primary outcomes were Lysholm, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) outcome scores and Tegner activity score. Random‐effects model analysis was performed.

Results

After the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 3571 patients in 79 studies were included in the analysis. The mean age at surgery was 35.6 years. The mean follow‐up was 4.06 years (range 2–12.7). The mean Lysholm score at 2‐year follow‐up was 86.09 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 82.90–89.28], with a yearly decrease of −0.80 [95% CI: −1.47 −0.13], (p = 0.0199). The mean IKDC at 2 years was 81.35 [95% CI: 76.56–86.14], with a yearly decrease of −1.99 [95% CI: −3.14 −0.84] (p < 0.001). Non‐PCL‐based injuries had a higher IKDC 83.69 [75.55–91.82] vs. 75.00 [70.75–79.26] (p = 0.03) and Lysholm score 90.84 [87.10–94.58] versus 84.35 [82.18–86.52] (p < 0.01) than PCL‐based injuries, respectively.

Conclusion

According to the present systematic review and meta‐analysis of MLKIs with minimum 2‐year follow‐ups, the patients who suffered an MLKI can expect to retain around 80‐85% of knee function at 2 years and can expect a yearly deterioration of knee function, depending on the score used. Inferior outcomes can be expected for PCL‐based injuries at 2 years postoperative.

Level of Evidence

Level IV meta‐analysis.
The Synergistic Potential of Hydrogel Microneedles and Nanomaterials: Breaking Barriers in Transdermal Therapy
Authors: Golshirazi Atefeh , Mohammadzadeh Mahsa , Labbaf Sheyda
Published: August 2024

The stratum corneum, which acts as a strong barrier against external agents, presents a significant challenge to transdermal drug delivery. In this regard, microneedle (MN) patches, designed as modern systems for drug delivery via permeation through the skin with the ability to pass through the stratum corneum, are known to be convenient, painless, and effective. In fact, MN have shown significant breakthroughs in transdermal drug delivery, and among the various types, hydrogel MN (HMNs) have demonstrated desirable inherent properties. Despite advancements, issues such as limited loading capacity, uncontrolled drug release rates, and non‐uniform therapeutic approaches persist. Conversely, nanomaterials (NMs) have shown significant promise in medical applications, however, their efficacy and applicability are constrained by challenges including poor stability, low bioavailability, limited payload capacity, and rapid clearance by the immune system. Incorporation of NMs within HMNs offers new prospects to address the challenges associated with HMNs and NMs. This combination can provide a promising field of research for improved and effective delivery of therapeutic agents and mitigate certain adverse effects, addressing current clinical concerns. The current review highlights the use of NMs in HMNs for various therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
Enhancement of mechanical properties and machinability of aluminium composites by cupola slag reinforcements
Authors: Chakravarty S. , Haldar P. , Nandi T. , Sutradhar G.
Published: August 2024

Rapid evolution in engineering and manufacturing demands light weight material with enhanced mechanical properties. Aluminium metal matrix composites with ceramic reinforcement particulates serve this demand due to their reduced density, improved strength and hardness along with higher resistance to wear and corrosion. However, the material cost and reduced machinability hinders the full potential of utilization. To overcome these challenges, in this work cupola slag, an industrial waste generated as by product of cast iron production, has been incorporated as reinforcement of aluminium composites using low cost stir casting method. The enhancement of material properties and machinability by cupola slag inclusion on base alloy has been investigated in detail. Moreover, introspection about the underlying mechanisms responsible for the improvement in material properties has been studied using detailed microstructure and fractographic analysis. The results show improvement of in material properties and machinability up to 7 wt.–% cupola slag inclusion, beyond which the reduced wettablity prohibits sound castings. The ultimate tensile strength and specific strength observed to be improved by 18.20 % and 33.23 % respectively for 7 wt.–% slag reinforced composites when compared with base alloy. This work can be a successful addition to the knowledge pool of ongoing research on low‐cost novel material with enhanced properties.
Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing Vitamin D's Role in Reducing BPPV Recurrence in Older Adults
Authors: Chua Kenneth W. De , Huang Xiaoting , Koh Xuan H. , Soh Joshua F. J. Y. , Barrera Vivian C. , Anaikatti Poongkulali , Jing Deng , Moh Shirlene , Yeo Miko , Yuen Heng W. , Low David , Rosario Barbara H.
Published: August 2024

Objective

To determine if the recurrence rates of BPPV in older adults were lower in the vitamin D‐treated group as compared to placebo groups.

Study Design

Double‐blinded randomized control placebo trial.

Setting

A single‐centre study.

Methods

Double‐blinded randomized controlled trial design with 12 months follow‐up. Vitamin D3 deplete participants were randomized into treatment (Group A) or placebo groups (Group B). Treatment group received 13 weeks of 2000 IU vitamin D3 followed by 1000 IU for the next 13 weeks. Patients who were replete were allocated to a control group (Group C) for observation and follow up. All groups had dietary interventions for vitamin D3 and calcium.

Results

Results showed an 87% reduction in recurrence rates of BPPV in the treatment group (Group A), with 0.75 fewer clinical episodes per 1 person‐year as compared to placebo (Group B). Time to first recurrence was also significantly longer in Group A. There was no statistically significant difference between Group A and C in both recurrence rates and dizziness handicap scores.

Conclusions

This clinical trial has laid the foundation to expand the investigation of vitamin D as standard of care treatment in BPPV patients in future phase IIb and III studies.

A reduction in BPPV episodes in older adults has implications on fall risk, as dizziness from BPPV may cause falls. With fewer BPPV episodes and longer time to recurrence, seniors may have better postural stability and hence reduced risk of falls.

Level of Evidence

2.
Arsenic removal from contaminated water using adsorptive electrospun nanofibrous membrane of polyacrylonitrile/organoclay
Authors: Shokri Elham , Naghashzargar Elham , Behamaram Kosar
Published: August 2024

Adsorptive nanofiber electrospun membranes (ANEMs) show promise for heavy metal removal, particularly in dilute solutions. Nanofibrous polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membranes incorporating Cloisite 20A (C20) organoclay were fabricated via electrospinning for As(V) removal. The impact of C20 on structural properties and As(V) removal efficiency of the nanofiber membranes was investigated. The results indicated that the PAN‐C20 membranes morphology was uniform, with fiber diameters mostly falling within the 100–300 nm range. Incorporation of C20, especially in an exfoliated structure, led to increased hydrophilicity, mechanical strength, and roughness of the membranes. Batch adsorption results revealed that the adding C20 up to 1.5 wt.% significantly enhanced adsorption capacity due to the higher concentration and proper C20 dispersion. Dynamic filtration showed that the PAN‐C20(1.0) membrane achieved over 90% As(V) removal efficiency for 960 min and demonstrated excellent regeneration ability.

Highlights

Cloisite 20A organoclay was incorporated into PAN by electrospinning to prepare adsorptive membrane.

Adsorptive membranes were used for As(V) removal from water.

Type of Cloisite 20A dispersion in PAN in dynamic filtration was more important than in static adsorption

PAN‐C20‐1.0 with exfoliated structure showed higher removal efficiency than PAN‐C20‐1.0 with intercalated structure.

PAN‐C20‐1.0 membrane was usable for multiple adsorption–desorption cycles.
Recyclable, healable, and stretchable thermoset shape memory polythiourethane/carbon nanotube composite with segregated conductive structure for strain sensing
Authors: Hu Fangfang , Yao Chenxin , Huang Miaoming , He Suqin , Liu Hao , Liu Wentao , Zhu Chengshen , Xu Wanlin
Published: August 2024

Segregated conductive polymer composites (CPCs) show high conductivity at low loading of filler. However, the weak interactions between fillers and polymer matrix may destroy the mechanical property of the segregated CPCs. Moreover, even with the introduction of dynamic bonds in thermoset polymers, the preparation of thermosetting CPCs remains a big challenge, as most crosslinked polymers should be ground into granules or crushed into powder with liquid nitrogen before mixing with fillers. Herein, the dynamic crosslinked polythiourethane microspheres (PTUM) are designed and synthesized. Then, a special mixing method (the mixing temperature is higher than melting temperature of soft segments of PTUM) is used to make the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) adhering closely to the surface of the crosslinked PTUM, promoting the formation of compacted conductive network. The CNT‐3%/PTUM shows the electrical conductivity of 21.9 S/m and an elongation at break of 472%. Additionally, the CNT/PTUM composites exhibit good self‐healing property, reprocessability, and close‐loop recycling property. The construction of dynamic crosslinked microspheres and compacted segregated conductive network in this work supplies a new approach to prepare thermoset CPCs with simultaneous high electrical conductivity and mechanical property, which is expected to be applied to wearable strain sensors.
Understanding the Experience of Cancer Survivorship Among Pediatric and Adolescent Cancer Survivors and Their Parents Through Camera Lenses: A Photovoice Study
Authors: Wong Cho Lee , Li Huiyuan , Leung Alex Wing Kwan , Chan Carmen Wing Han , Cheung Yin Ting
Published: August 2024

Objective

Although the relative survival rate of childhood cancer has increased substantially in recent years, the pursuit of successful outcomes is often accompanied by negative impacts on pediatric and adolescent cancer survivors and their parents' physical and psychological well‐being. However, little is known about their experiences during the period of cancer survivorship. This study aimed to gain an understanding of the experience of cancer survivorship among pediatric and adolescent cancer survivors and their parents.

Methods

This study utilized a descriptive qualitative study employing the photovoice design. From September 2022 to March 2023, 17 pediatric and adolescent cancer survivors (9–18 years), who had completed active treatment at least 6 months before recruitment, participated in this study. A total of 217 photographs submitted by survivors and their parents and the interview data, were thematically analyzed to identify themes and subthemes.

Results

The analysis revealed five prominent themes: indelible marks, struggling with late effects, striving to return to normalcy, the strength of support, and living in the moment and hope for the future.

Conclusion

The findings shed light on the experiences of pediatric and adolescent cancer survivors and their parents throughout the cancer journey, elucidating the influence on both negative and positive aspects. Additionally, the study highlighted that photovoice facilitated self‐reflection, the discovery of values, and the recognition of strengths and can be a therapeutic strategy for pediatric and adolescent cancer survivors and their parents in further research.
Mutational analysis reveals the importance of residues of the access tunnel inhibitor site to human P‐glycoprotein (ABCB1)‐mediated transport
Authors: Salazar Paula B. , Murakami Megumi , Ranganathan Nandhini , Durell Stewart R. , Ambudkar Suresh V.
Published: August 2024

Human P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) utilizes energy from ATP hydrolysis for the efflux of chemically dissimilar amphipathic small molecules and plays an important role in the development of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents in most cancers. Efforts to overcome drug resistance have focused on inhibiting P‐gp‐mediated drug efflux. Understanding the features distinguishing P‐gp inhibitors from substrates is critical. Cryo‐electron microscopy has revealed distinct binding patterns, emphasizing the role of the L‐site or access tunnel in inhibition. We substituted 5–9 residues of the L‐site with alanine to investigate whether the binding of a second inhibitor molecule to the L‐site is required for inhibiting drug efflux. We reveal, for the first time, that mutations in the L‐site affect the drug efflux activity of P‐gp, despite their distance from the substrate‐binding pocket (SBP). Surprisingly, after the mutations were introduced, inhibitors such as tariquidar and zosuquidar still inhibited drug efflux by mutant P‐gps. Communication between the transmembrane helices (TMHs) and nucleotide‐binding domains (NBDs) was evaluated using the ATPase assay, revealing distinct modulation patterns by inhibitors for the mutants, with zosuquidar exhibiting substrate‐like stimulation of ATPase. Furthermore, L‐site mutations abolished ATP‐dependent thermal stabilization. In silico molecular docking studies corroborated the altered inhibitor binding due to mutations in the L‐site residues, shedding light on their critical role in substrate transport and inhibitor interactions with P‐gp. These findings suggest that inhibitors bind either to the SBP alone, and/or to alternate site(s) when the L‐site is disabled by mutagenesis.
Characterization and Energy Performance of WO3 Doped and Undoped Photochromic Films
Authors: Netto Michele S. , Lemos Rafaela M. J. , Rodrigues Marco P. , Porto Joseane S. , Brum Ruth S. , Bulhôes Luis O. S. , Avellaneda César O.
Published: August 2024

When exposed to light sources, photochromic (PC) materials change their optical properties and can lessen the transmission of UV and infrared radiation. This results in optimal thermal comfort and a pleasing visual contrast between the internal and external settings. This study uses computer modeling to analyze the annual energy usage in a home with natural ventilation in order to compare the effectiveness of photochromic films with commercial glass. The study is carried out using the EnergyPlus program in the cities of São Carlos and Cuiabá ‐ Brazil. Experiments and numerical simulations with data from doped and undoped tungsten trioxide (WO3) PC films are used in the study. Given the rise in energy usage and the pursuit of thermal comfort, this method is essential for assessing the thermal performance of buildings. Evaluations included a comparison of air conditioner performance and energy savings analysis, which leads to a noteworthy annual reduction in energy usage of up to 216.55 kWh and a 40% improvement in visual comfort. It is determined that PC film's dynamic behavior is the best option for comfort in terms of heat, illumination, and visual comfort.
Study on Thermal and Luminescence Properties of YAG:Ce Ceramics Excited by High‐Power Fiber Laser with the Condition of a Water‐Cooling Package
Authors: Wang Lichao , Li Yang , Li Xindi , Zhu Yiwei , Kang Jian , Zhang Le , Shao Cen , Zou Jun
Published: August 2024

A high‐power white laser source is prepared by using a 455 nm blue laser to excite YAG:Ce ceramics. To achieve high‐power output, a water‐cooling device is used to reduce the operating temperature of ceramics. The luminescence properties of laser‐excited phosphor ceramics are studied under different blue excitation power and different irradiation time. The experimental results show that the luminous flux of phosphor ceramics excited by the blue laser increases linearly with the increase of blue laser power, depending on the heat dissipation of the water‐cooling device. When the blue laser power increases to 73.1 W, the phosphor ceramics do not reach the luminescence saturation state. The luminous flux of phosphor ceramics excited by 73.1 W blue laser is stable within 60 min. The maximum luminous flux is 8094 lm, and the maximum working temperature of the ceramics is 110 °C. The experimental results show that water‐cooling packages are an effective means to realize high‐power white laser sources.
A hybrid approach to sample size re‐estimation in cluster randomized trials with continuous outcomes
Authors: Sarkodie Samuel K , Wason James MS , Grayling Michael J
Published: August 2024

This study presents a hybrid (Bayesian‐frequentist) approach to sample size re‐estimation (SSRE) for cluster randomised trials with continuous outcome data, allowing for uncertainty in the intra‐cluster correlation (ICC). In the hybrid framework, pre‐trial knowledge about the ICC is captured by placing a Truncated Normal prior on it, which is then updated at an interim analysis using the study data, and used in expected power control. On average, both the hybrid and frequentist approaches mitigate against the implications of misspecifying the ICC at the trial's design stage. In addition, both frameworks lead to SSRE designs with approximate control of the type I error‐rate at the desired level. It is clearly demonstrated how the hybrid approach is able to reduce the high variability in the re‐estimated sample size observed within the frequentist framework, based on the informativeness of the prior. However, misspecification of a highly informative prior can cause significant power loss. In conclusion, a hybrid approach could offer advantages to cluster randomised trials using SSRE. Specifically, when there is available data or expert opinion to help guide the choice of prior for the ICC, the hybrid approach can reduce the variance of the re‐estimated required sample size compared to a frequentist approach. As SSRE is unlikely to be employed when there is substantial amounts of such data available (ie, when a constructed prior is highly informative), the greatest utility of a hybrid approach to SSRE likely lies when there is low‐quality evidence available to guide the choice of prior.
MnFe2O4 Nanoparticles‐Catalyzed C3‐Alkylation of Indoles with Benzyl Alcohols under Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Le Ha V. , Le Huy X. , Nguyen Vy T. B. , Le Tu T. , Nguyen Hanh N. , Nguyen Thuong T. H. , Nguyen Tung T. , Ho Phuoc H. , Nguyen Khoa D. , Tran Dat P.
Published: August 2024

Herein, we present an efficient, one‐pot reaction for accessing 3‐benzylated indoles via the coupling of benzyl alcohols with indoles under heterogeneous catalysis by manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) nanoparticles. Notably, this reaction, for the first time, employs MnFe2O4 nanoparticles prepared using a simple grinding method. The high compatibility of MnFe2O4 nanoparticles enables a broad substrate scope and high regioselectivity. Moreover, this approach offers several attractive highlights including the use of a recyclable oxide catalyst and green and cost‐effective alkylating reagents under solvent‐free conditions.
Green Biosynthesis and Biological Properties of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Paulownia Tomentosa Plant Extracts
Authors: Kirlangiç Burak , Çakmak Esen
Published: August 2024

Copper oxide nanoparticles have attracted a great deal of attention in many fields due to their attractive physico‐chemical properties. In particular, their synthesis using an environmentally friendly method offers advantages in many applications. In the present report, copper oxide nanoparticles are produced from extracts of the plant Paulownia tomentosa by a method of biosynthesis. The synthesized CuO NPs have been characterized morphologically and structurally by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis, and X‐ray diffraction. Furthermore, the antimicrobial, antibiofilm and anticancer activities of the synthesized CuO NPs were evaluated. The CuO NPs were spherical and the particle size was 12.5 nm. For the tested microorganisms, CuO NPs showed a high inhibitory effect in terms of antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity. The cytotoxicity of the synthesized CuO NPs against HT‐22 and MCF‐7 showed a dose‐response activity. 50 % inhibitory concentration values were found to be 18.34 and 14.32 μg/mL of CuO NPs against the HT‐22 and MCF‐7 cancer cells, respectively. The results suggest that these nanoparticles can be used as effective antibacterial, antibiofilm and anticancer agents in the biomedical fields.
Seeing the whole: Configurational cognition and new venture resource mobilization
Authors: Calic Goran , Neville François , Furnari Santi , Chan C. S. Richard
Published: August 2024

Research Summary

Research is scant on how multiple venture attributes combine as “whole packages” of signals (or cognitive configurations) in resource holders’ eyes, shaping a venture's ability to mobilize resources. Drawing on a qualitative comparative analysis of 1,395 crowdfunding campaigns, we identified different configurations of signals for high and low resource mobilization, theorizing abductively their underlying mechanisms through the analysis of case‐level qualitative data. Our results explain some past mixed findings, such as the contradictory effects of social value and entrepreneurial narratives, showing that these narratives can instead be successfully combined in the presence of signals of venture quality and community embeddedness. We show that there is no single best way to impress resource holders, but multiple recipes to holistically communicate a venture's value.

Managerial Summary

Analyzing Kickstarter crowdfunding campaigns, we examine how entrepreneurs combine four signals to raise money: 1) the venture's underlying quality; 2) social networks; 3) narratives; 4) embeddedness in the crowdfunding community. We identified four successful configurations of these signals (500% above the funding goal) and two failing configurations (4% of the funding goal). Narratives per se are not sufficient to mobilize resources, unless backed by signals of quality and community embeddedness. A simpler narrative is supported by cheaper quality signals (product images). More complex narratives (combining social value, entrepreneurial orientation, positive psychology) are supported by more costly signals (videos). Our results encourage entrepreneurs to look beyond “silver bullet” solutions and think holistically how to communicate their ventures as “whole packages”.
When do firms benefit from overconfident CEOs? The role of board expertise and power for technological breakthrough innovation
Authors: Kraft Priscilla S. , Dickler Teresa A. , Withers Michael C.
Published: August 2024

Research Summary

While prior upper echelon research has shown that overconfident CEOs are beneficial for innovation, less is known about how firms can harness the benefits of these CEOs for breakthrough innovations. To extend this stream of research, we identify crucial board characteristics that enable firms to benefit from overconfident CEOs in the context of promoting breakthrough innovations. Using longitudinal data of US high‐tech firms, our results emphasize that overconfident CEOs guided by boards with expertise and power strongly outperform fellow CEOs who are monitored by boards lacking either or both of these characteristics. By theorizing and empirically demonstrating how powerful expert boards are important for firms to profit from their CEO's overconfidence, our study provides important contributions to the CEO overconfidence, corporate board, and breakthrough innovation literatures.

Managerial Summary

Can boards harness the benefits of overconfident CEOs to increase breakthrough innovation for their firms? We examine this question using a longitudinal dataset of US high‐tech firms and find that board expertise and power enable firms to benefit from CEO overconfidence in the context of breakthrough innovations. Our results suggest that boards need both power and expertise to effectively channel an overconfident CEO's drive toward breakthrough innovations. Interestingly, powerful boards that lack expertise may be detrimental to harnessing CEO overconfidence for breakthrough innovations. For governance practitioners, ensuring that a board is composed of directors with knowledge and understanding of breakthrough innovations and a balance of power with their CEOs will create a beneficial context for firms led by CEO overconfidence to produce breakthrough innovations.
Advancing Selective Extraction: A Novel Approach for Scandium, Thorium, and Uranium Ion Capture
Authors: Protsak Iryna , Stockhausen Martin , Brewer Aaron , Owton Martin , Hofmann Thilo , Kleitz Freddy
Published: August 2024

The potential use of thorium (Th) and uranium (U) as nuclear fuels underscores the importance of developing materials for their sustainable recovery. The production of Th and U requires the separation of these elements from rare‐earth elements (REEs) as they often coexist in various feedstocks. Equally crucial is efficiently isolating scandium (Sc) from REEs, considering its high‐value status and pivotal role in advanced alloy technologies. This study introduces a new selective ligand‐functionalized silica sorbent for extracting Sc, other REEs, Th, and U from solutions with varying pH and elemental compositions. The functionalized sorbent exhibits exceptional selectivity for Sc ions at pH 4 across solutions containing 3–20 elements. It also shows excellent selectivity for Th at pH 2 in 18‐ and 20‐element solutions and substantial selectivity for U in 18‐ and 20‐element solutions at pH 4. Additionally, it efficiently adsorbs neodymium (Nd), dysprosium (Dy), and lanthanum (La) in Sc‐free solutions with a given preference for Nd. The ligand‐functionalized sorbent successfully undergoes ten cycles of reuse which along with its enhanced recovery performance toward targeted elements highlights its industrial application potential.
Effect of Quenching Post‐Intercritical Austenitizing on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of an K55 Grade Steel for Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: da Silva Lima Verônica Stela , Schuttenberg Arthur Cançado , Faria Geraldo Lúcio de
Published: August 2024

The API K55 grade steel is widely utilized in seamless pipes for oil and gas exploration, especially as casing pipes for wellbores. Traditionally, this steel is processed using hot rolling followed by quenching and tempering to achieve the desired dimensional and microstructural characteristics, balancing high strength with ductility. This article introduces an alternative method to attaining the required tensile properties for API K55 grade steel by employing a biphasic microstructure (ferrite/martensite) achieved through quenching post‐intercritical austenitizing heat treatment to high‐strength‐low‐alloy steel. Thermodynamic simulations and dilatometric experiments revealed that increasing the austenitizing temperature enhances austenite formation, decreasing significantly its carbon content, which facilitates martensitic transformation and increases the Ms and Mf temperatures. A complete phase transformation mapping was presented, highlighting how the austenitizing temperature influences martensitic transformation kinetics during the quenching heat treatment. It was concluded that austenitizing at 750 °C, followed by quenching and short tempering at 650 °C, produced a biphasic microstructure with 30% ferrite and 70% martensite, providing a favorable balance between mechanical strength and ductility that meets the API K55 grade requirements, surpassing traditional methods in the industry.
Urban agriculture in Baltimore, Maryland: Documenting current irrigation practices and rainwater harvesting
Authors: Segal Abriana , Khanjar Niya , Yang Julie , Brooks Kelsey , Williams Marcus , Little Neith , Lazar Andrew , Goldstein Rachel E. Rosenberg
Published: August 2024

Rainwater harvesting could address freshwater shortages impacting urban agriculture caused by climate change. Limited studies exist on perceptions and concerns about using harvested rainwater for crop irrigation, and to our knowledge none have focused on urban agriculture. We surveyed urban farms and community gardens in Baltimore, Maryland, to document current irrigation practices and water sources and determine interest in rainwater harvesting. We evaluated differences in farm/garden characteristics and water uses between those harvesting rainwater, interested in rainwater harvesting, and not interested in rainwater harvesting. Most Baltimore farms/gardens surveyed were concerned about water availability (59%, n = 20), but all had access to city‐supplied water and only 14% (n = 5) reported water access preventing site expansion. Only 18% of sites used drip irrigation (n = 11), 89% (n = 33) were not using any water filtration, and most (72%, n = 23) had never attended a produce safety training. Twenty‐seven percent (n = 10) of sites were harvesting rainwater, 54% (n = 20) were interested in harvesting rainwater, and 19% (n = 7) were not interested. Ninety percent (n = 9) of the sites currently harvesting rainwater used covered rain barrels, an important strategy for preventing contamination. There were no significant associations between farm/gardens’ rainwater harvesting interests and farming practices, water access and use, or demographics of site respondents. Those currently harvesting rainwater and those interested had numerous concerns about rainwater harvesting including installation, design, and water quality, and were interested in additional information. Offering rainwater harvesting, food safety and education programs to urban farmers and gardeners could increase the safe use of this important water source.
Neutrinoless double beta decay in the minimal type-I seesaw model: mass-dependent nuclear matrix element, current limits and future sensitivities
Authors: Fang Dong-Liang , Li Yu-Feng , Zhang Yi-Yu , Zhu Jing-yu
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In this work we discuss the neutrino mass dependent nuclear matrix element (NME) of the neutrinoless double beta decay process and derive the limit on the parameter space of the minimal Type-I seesaw model from the current available experimental data as well as the future sensitivities from the next-generation experiments. Both the explicit many-body calculations and naive extrapolations of the mass dependent NME are employed in the current work. The uncertainties of the theoretical nuclear structure models are taken into account. By combining the latest experimental data from 76Ge-based experiments, GERDA and MAJORANA, the 130Te-based experiment, CUORE and the 136Xe-based experiments, KamLAND-Zen and EXO-200, the bounds on the parameter space of the minimal Type-I seesaw model are obtained and compared with the limits from other experimental probes. Sensitivities for future experiments utilizing 76Ge-based (LEGEND-1000), 82Se-based (SuperNEMO), 130Te based (SNO+II) and 136Xe-based (nEXO), with a ten-year exposure, are also derived.
Beyond N = ∞ in large N conformal vector models at finite temperature
Authors: Diatlyk Oleksandr , Popov Fedor K. , Wang Yifan
Published: August 2024

Abstract

We investigate finite-temperature observables in three-dimensional large N critical vector models taking into account the effects suppressed by $$ \frac{1}{N} $$

1
N

. Such subleading contributions are captured by the fluctuations of the Hubbard-Stratonovich auxiliary field which need to be handled with care due to a subtle divergence structure which we clarify. The examples we consider include the scalar O(N) model, the Gross-Neveu model, the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model and the massless Chern-Simons Quantum Electrodynamics. We present explicit results for the free energy density to the subleading order in $$ \frac{1}{N} $$

1
N

, which captures the thermal one-point function of the stress-energy tensor to this order. We also include the dependence on a chemical potential. We determine the Wilson coefficient in the thermal effective action that is sensitive to global symmetry for the first time directly in interacting CFTs, which produces a symmetry-resolved asymptotic density of states. We further provide a formula from diagrammatics for the one-point functions of general single-trace higher-spin currents. We observe that in most cases considered, these subleading effects lift the apparent degeneracies between observables in different models at infinite N, while in special cases the discrepancies only start to appear at the next-to-subleading order.
Baryon-number-violating nucleon decays in ALP effective field theories
Authors: Li Tong , Schmidt Michael A. , Yao Chang-Yuan
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The search for baryon-number-violating (BNV) nucleon decay is an intriguing probe of new physics beyond the SM in future neutrino experiments with enhanced sensitivity. The dark sector states such as an axion or axion-like particle (ALP) can induce nucleon decays with distinct signature and kinematics from the conventional nucleon decays. In this work, we study the ALP effective field theories (EFTs) with baryon number violation and the impact of light ALP on BNV nucleon decays. We revisit the dimension-8 BNV operators in the extended EFTs with an ALP field a respecting shift symmetry. The low-energy EFT operators with |∆(B – L)| = 2 and |∆(B – L)| = 0 are matched to the baryon chiral perturbation theory. We obtain the effective chiral Lagrangian and the BNV interactions between ALP and baryons/mesons. The ALP interactions lead to two-body baryon decays B → ℓ (or ν) a and three-body nucleon decays N → M ℓ (or ν) a. We obtain the constraints on the UV scale from the invisible Λ0 decay search at BESIII, the invisible neutron decay search at KamLAND and proton decay search at Super-K. We also show the projections of some other baryon/nucleon decays and present the distinct distributions of kinematic observable.
Ginzburg-Landau description for multicritical Yang-Lee models
Authors: Lencsés Máté , Miscioscia Alessio , Mussardo Giuseppe , Takács Gábor
Published: August 2024

Abstract

We revisit and extend Fisher’s argument for a Ginzburg-Landau description of multicritical Yang-Lee models in terms of a single boson Lagrangian with potential φ2(iφ)n. We explicitly study the cases of n = 1, 2 by a Truncated Hamiltonian Approach based on the free massive boson perturbed by PT symmetric deformations, providing clear evidence of the spontaneous breaking of PT symmetry. For n = 1, the symmetric and the broken phases are separated by the critical point corresponding to the minimal model $$ \mathcal{M}\left(2,5\right) $$
M

2
5

, while for n = 2, they are separated by a critical manifold corresponding to the minimal model $$ \mathcal{M}\left(2,5\right) $$
M

2
5

with $$ \mathcal{M}\left(2,7\right) $$
M

2
7

on its boundary. Our numerical analysis strongly supports our Ginzburg-Landau descriptions for multicritical Yang-Lee models.
The risk of second malignancies following prostate cancer radiotherapy in the era of conformal radiotherapy: a statement of the Prostate Cancer Working Group of the German Society of Radiation Oncology (DEGRO)
Authors: Zamboglou C. , Aebersold D. M. , Albrecht C. , Boehmer D. , Ganswindt U. , Schmidt-Hegemann N.-S. , Hoecht S. , Hölscher T. , Koerber S. A. , Mueller A.-C. , Niehoff P. , Peeken J. C. , Pinkawa M. , Polat B. , Spohn S. K. B. , Wolf F. , Zips D. , Wiegel T.
Published: August 2024

A significant number of prostate cancer patients are long-term survivors after primary definitive therapy, and the occurrence of late side effects, such as second primary cancers, has gained interest. The aim of this editorial is to discuss the most current evidence on second primary cancers based on six retrospective studies published in 2021–2024 using large data repositories not accounting for all possible confounding factors, such as smoking or pre-existing comorbidities. Overall, prostate cancer patients treated with curative radiotherapy have an increased risk (0.7–1%) of the development of second primary cancers compared to patients treated with surgery up to 25 years after treatment. However, current evidence suggests that the implementation of intensity modulated radiation therapy is not increasing the risk of second primary cancers compared to conformal 3D-planned radiotherapy. Furthermore, increasing evidence indicates that highly conformal radiotherapy techniques may not increase the probability of second primary cancers compared to radical prostatectomy. Consequently, future studies should consider the radiotherapy technique and other confounding factors to provide a more accurate estimation of the occurrence of second primary cancers.
Implications of Domestication in Theobroma cacao L. Seed-Borne Microbial Endophytes Diversity
Authors: Toloza-Moreno Deisy Lisseth , Yockteng Roxana , Pérez-Zuñiga José Ives , Salinas-Castillo Cristian , Caro-Quintero Alejandro
Published: August 2024

The study of plant–microbe interactions is a rapidly growing research field, with increasing attention to the role of seed-borne microbial endophytes in protecting the plant during its development from abiotic and biotic stresses. Recent evidence suggests that seed microbiota is crucial in establishing the plant microbial community, affecting its composition and structure, and influencing plant physiology and ecology. For Theobroma cacao L., the diversity and composition of vertically transmitted microbes have yet to be addressed in detail. We explored the composition and diversity of seed-borne endophytes in cacao pods of commercial genotypes (ICS95, IMC67), recently liberated genotypes from AGROSAVIA (TCS01, TCS19), and landraces from Tumaco (Colombia) (AC9, ROS1, ROS2), to evaluate microbial vertical transmission and establishment in various tissues during plant development. We observed a higher abundance of Pseudomonas and Pantoea genera in the landraces and AGROSAVIA genotypes, while the commercial genotypes presented a higher number of bacteria species but in low abundance. In addition, all the genotypes and plant tissues showed a high percentage of fungi of the genus Penicillium. These results indicate that domestication in cacao has increased bacterial endophyte diversity but has reduced their abundance. We isolated some of these seed-borne endophytes to evaluate their potential as growth promoters and found that Bacillus, Pantoea, and Pseudomonas strains presented high production of indole acetic acid and ACC deaminase activity. Our results suggest that cacao domestication could lead to the loss of essential bacteria for seedling establishment and development. This study improves our understanding of the relationship and interaction between perennial plants and seed-borne microbiota.
Light chain deposition disease: pathogenesis, clinical characteristics and treatment strategies
Authors: Cassano Cassano Raffaella , Bonadio Angelo Giovanni , Del Giudice Maria Livia , Giannese Domenico , Galimberti Sara , Buda Gabriele
Published: August 2024

Light chain deposition disease (LCDD) is a rare hematologic disorder characterized by the deposition of non-amyloid monoclonal light chains in several organs. Together with renal impairment is being the primary morbidity associated with this disease. Due to its rarity, randomized clinical trials lack to explore treatment strategies and there are no approved or universally accepted standard of care treatment options. We aimed to provide a systematic summary of histological and clinical aspects of LCDD and treatment options of available literature therapies strategies. Currently, drugs used to treat multiple myeloma are recommended when LCDD patients also presented multiple myeloma. Anyway, in patients with LCDD that is not associated to multiple myeloma, haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and chemotherapy with thalidomide, dexamethasone, bortezomib are also recommended. In eligible patients, bortezomib-based chemotherapy followed by ASCT appears to be an effective treatment option with durable hematologic remission and organ responses. Although it appears that the patients undergoing ASCT seem to achieve deeper and durable hematologic remissions and organ responses, no statistically significant superiority can be demonstrated over non-transplant or standard chemotherapy-based approaches. As retrieved by our review, bortezomib-based therapy appears to be favorable strategy as long as no dose modification is required for renal impairment, and early hematologic responses as a recovery of renal function. Encouraging data were also demonstrated by treatment lenalidomide or melpalan based. Moreover, new myeloma treatment strategies, as monoclonal antibody Daratumumab, seem to be effective in LCDD. Instead, renal allograft is not recommended, due to high incidence of relapse.