bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tumor Microenvironment‐Responsive Nanoparticles Amplifying STING Signaling Pathway for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Liu Dan , Liang Shuang , Ma Kongshuo , Meng Qian‐Fang , Li Xingang , Wei Jian , Zhou Mengli , Yun Kaiqing , Pan Yuanwei , Rao Lang , Chen Xiaoyuan , Wang Zhaohui
Published: September 2023

Insufficient activation of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway and profoundly immunosuppressive microenvironment largely limits the effect of cancer immunotherapy. Herein, tumor microenvironment (TME)‐responsive nanoparticles (PMM NPs) are exploited that simultaneously harness STING and Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) to augment STING activation via TLR4‐mediated nuclear factor‐kappa B signaling pathway stimulation, leading to the increased secretion of type I interferons (i.e., 4.0‐fold enhancement of IFN‐β) and pro‐inflammatory cytokines to promote a specific T cell immune response. Moreover, PMM NPs relieve the immunosuppression of the TME by decreasing the percentage of regulatory T cells, and polarizing M2 macrophages to the M1 type, thus creating an immune‐supportive TME to unleash a cascade adaptive immune response. Combined with an anti‐PD‐1 antibody, synergistic efficacy is achieved in both inflamed colorectal cancer and noninflamed metastatic breast tumor models. Moreover, rechallenging tumor‐free animals with homotypic cells induced complete tumor rejection, indicating the generation of systemic antitumor memory. These TME‐responsive nanoparticles may open a new avenue to achieve the spatiotemporal orchestration of STING activation, providing a promising clinical candidate for next‐generation cancer immunotherapy.
Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products at CuSiO3/CuO Derived Interfaces in Ordered Pores
Authors: Li Qun , Wu Jiabin , Lv Lei , Zheng Lirong , Zheng Qiang , Li Siyang , Yang Caoyu , Long Chang , Chen Sheng , Tang Zhiyong
Published: September 2023

Electrochemical CO2 conversion to value‐added multicarbon (C2+) chemicals holds promise for reducing CO2 emissions and advancing carbon neutrality. However, achieving both high conversion rate and selectivity remains challenging due to the limited active sites on catalysts for carbon–carbon (C─C) coupling. Herein, porous CuO is coated with amorphous CuSiO3 (p‐CuSiO3/CuO) to maximize the active interface sites, enabling efficient CO2 reduction to C2+ products. Significantly, the p‐CuSiO3/CuO catalyst exhibits impressive C2+ Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 77.8% in an H‐cell at −1.2 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode in 0.1 M KHCO3 and remarkable C2H4 and C2+ FEs of 82% and 91.7% in a flow cell at a current density of 400 mA cm−2 in 1 M KOH. In situ characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that the active interfaces facilitate CO2 activation and lower the formation energy of the key intermediate *OCCOH, thus promoting CO2 conversion to C2+. This work provides a rational design for steering the active sites toward C2+ products.
Access to 2‐Sulfonyl‐4‐arylphenols and 2,6‐Bis‐sulfonyl 5‐Aryl‐4‐arylidene‐2‐cyclohexenones via Metal Triflates‐Catalyzed Domino Cyclocondensation of 1,3‐Bis‐sulfonylacetones and 3‐Arylacroleins
Authors: Chang Meng‐Yang , Hsueh Nai‐Chen
Published: September 2023

Herein, metal triflates–catalyzed one‐pot domino cyclocondensation of 1,3‐bis‐sulfonylacetones and 3‐arylacroleins via (3+3) or (3+2+1) annulation has been proposed to construct diversified 2‐sulfonyl‐4‐arylphenols and 2,6‐bis‐sulfonyl 5‐aryl‐4‐arylidene‐2‐cyclohexenones. In this effective reaction, C−C and C=C bonds are formed via a cascade process and 3‐arylacrolein acts as a C3 and C1 synthon during the formation of a six‐membered ring system under mild conditions. A plausible mechanism has been proposed and discussed.
VOC of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells Based on N‐Doped PCBM Exceeds 1.2 V: Interface Energy Alignment and Synergistic Passivation
Authors: Sun Xiuhong , Li Yonghai , Liu Dachang , Liu Ruichen , Zhang Bingqian , Tian Qingyong , Fan Bin , Wang Xianzhao , Li Zhipeng , Shao Zhipeng , Wang Xiao , Cui Guanglei , Pang Shuping
Published: September 2023

Phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) remains the most commonly used electron transport layer in inverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs). However, its insufficient electrical properties and passivation ability limit the device's performance. In this study, it is demonstrated that introducing an appropriate amount of n‐type polymer N2200 into the PCBM can simultaneously enhance the electrical properties of PCBM and passivate the defects distributed on perovskite surface. This modification of PCBM leads to improved band alignment and enhanced electron mobility. Simultaneously, N2200 polymer contains electron donors such as O, S involved in passivating uncoordinated Pb2+ defects. The PCBM@N2200‐based IPSCs exhibit an enhanced open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.20 V with the minimum 0.36 V voltage loss and reach the champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.53% (certified PCE is 24.05%) with narrow distribution. Impressively, the corresponding module achieves an efficiency of 20.30% (11.19 cm2). Moreover, the PCBM@N2200‐based IPSCs maintain 96% of their initial efficiency after operating at the maximum power point for 500 h, thanks to the interfacial passivation, improved uniformity, and increased hydrophobicity resulting from N2200 doping.
Effects of exercise on whole‐blood transcriptome profile in children with overweight/obesity
Authors: Altmäe Signe , Plaza‐Florido Abel , Esteban Francisco J. , Anguita‐Ruiz Augusto , Krjutškov Kaarel , Katayama Shintaro , Einarsdottir Elisabet , Kere Juha , Radom‐Aizik Shlomit , Ortega Francisco B.
Published: September 2023

Background

The current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms underlying the health benefits of exercise is still limited, especially in childhood. We set out to investigate the effects of a 20‐week exercise intervention on whole‐blood transcriptome profile (RNA‐seq) in children with overweight/obesity.

Methods

Twenty‐four children (10.21 ± 1.33 years, 46% girls) with overweight/obesity, were randomized to either a 20‐week exercise program (intervention group; n = 10), or to a no‐exercise control group (n = 14). Whole‐blood transcriptome profile was analyzed using RNA‐seq by STRT technique with GlobinLock technology.

Results

Following the 20‐week exercise intervention program, 161 genes were differentially expressed between the exercise and the control groups among boys, and 121 genes among girls (p‐value <0.05), while after multiple correction, no significant difference between exercise and control groups persisted in gene expression profiles (FDR >0.05). Genes enriched in GO processes and molecular pathways showed different immune response in boys (antigen processing and presentation, infections, and T cell receptor complex) and in girls (Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway) (FDR <0.05).

Conclusion

These results suggest that 20‐week exercise intervention program alters the molecular pathways involved in immune processes in children with overweight/obesity.
Endoscopic vidian and vidian‐branch neurectomy for refractory allergic rhinitis: A systematic review
Authors: Niu Xun , Chen Yuzhang , Zhou Tao , Xiao Hongjun
Published: September 2023

Background

Endoscopic vidian neurectomy is expected to provide good therapeutic relief in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) being refractory to medication therapy or conservative surgery. However, the evidence bases for its benefit remain debatable. In this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to clarify the therapeutic role of various forms of vidian neurectomy in refractory AR.

Method

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses guidelines were used to conduct a systematic review of primary studies that reported original patient data for endoscopic vidian neurectomy (EVN) and vidian‐branch neurectomy, which includes selective vidian neurectomy (SVN) and posterior nasal neurectomy (PNN). The primary outcome was patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs), including the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS), to assess an improvement in nasal symptom severity and quality of patient's life. The incidence of surgical complications and other objective outcomes were considered secondary outcomes.

Results

This review included 24 clinical studies involving 1677 patients with refractory AR, of which 510 patients in six studies had combined chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and 95 patients in one study had combined asthma. Postoperative PROMs were significantly better than preoperatively in almost all patients who underwent vidianp (RQLQ: standardized mean difference [SMD] = 2.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.40–2.92, p < 0.001; VAS: SMD = 5.15, 95% CI = 4.29–6.02, p < 0.001) or vidian‐branch neurectomy (RQLQ in PNN: SMD = 3.29, 95% CI = 2.45–4.13, p < 0.001; VAS in PNN: SMD = 4.38, 95% CI = 3.41–5.34, p < 0.001), and were generally better than in the conservative treatment group. Dividing with 18 months as the cutoff point, a subgroup analysis of the follow‐up period was conducted, and the results showed that both long‐term and short‐term postoperative patients had considerably reduced symptoms compared to the preoperative period. The two surgical procedures, SVN and PNN, attributed to vidian‐branch neurectomy have extremely few complications. However, EVN is more likely to cause dry eyes and palatal numbness, with no other serious complications. In patients with AR and CRSwNP, vidian or selective vidian neurectomy combined with functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is more effective than conventional FESS (RQLQ: SMD = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.66–2.69, p < 0.001; VAS: SMD = 6.42, 95% CI = 4.78–8.06, p < 0.001). For patients who have both AR and asthma, SVN with pharyngeal branch excision is a potential treatment option.

Conclusion

EVN and vidian‐branch neurectomy (including SVN and PNN) are effective treatments, but the former has a higher risk of complications. Additionally, vidian‐branch neurectomy with FESS is beneficial for patients with mixed CRSwNP. SVN is a potential approach for patients with coexisting AR and asthma.
An Organic Coordination Manganese Complex as Cathode for High‐Voltage Aqueous Zinc‐metal Battery
Authors: Zhang Feifan , Wang Gege , Wu Jing , Chi Xiaowei , Liu Yu
Published: September 2023

Aqueous Zn−Mn battery has been considered as the most promising scalable energy‐storage system due to its intrinsic safety and especially ultralow cost. However, the traditional Zn−Mn battery mainly using manganese oxides as cathode shows low voltage and suffers from dissolution/disproportionation of the cathode during cycling. Herein, for the first time, a high‐voltage and long‐cycle Zn−Mn battery based on a highly reversible organic coordination manganese complex cathode (Manganese polyacrylate, PAL−Mn) was constructed. Benefiting from the insoluble carboxylate ligand of PAL−Mn that can suppress shuttle effect and disproportionationation reaction of Mn3+ in a mild electrolyte, Mn3+/Mn2+ reaction in coordination state is realized, which not only offers a high discharge voltage of 1.67 V but also exhibits excellent cyclability (100 % capacity retention, after 4000 cycles). High voltage reaction endows the Zn−Mn battery high specific energy (600 Wh kg−1 at 0.2 A g−1), indicating a bright application prospect. The strategy of introducing carboxylate ligands in Zn−Mn battery to harness high‐voltage reaction of Mn3+/Mn2+ well broadens the research of high‐voltage Zn−Mn batteries under mild electrolyte conditions.
StereoPHIP: Stereoselective Parahydrogen‐Induced Polarization
Authors: Huynh Mai T. , Buchanan Emily , Chirayil Sara , Adebesin Adeniyi M. , Kovacs Zoltan
Published: September 2023

Parahydrogen‐induced polarization (PHIP) followed by polarization transfer to 13C is a rapidly developing technique for the generation of 13C‐hyperpolarized substrates. Chirality plays an essential role in living systems and differential metabolism of enantiomeric pairs of metabolic substrates is well documented. Inspired by asymmetric hydrogenation, here we report stereoPHIP, which involves the addition of parahydrogen to a prochiral substrate with a chiral catalyst followed by polarization transfer to 13C spins. We demonstrate that parahydrogen could be rapidly added to the prochiral precursor to both enantiomers of lactic acid (D and L), with both the (R,R) and (S,S) enantiomers of a chiral rhodium(I) catalyst to afford highly 13C‐hyperpolarized (over 20 %) L‐ and D‐lactate ester derivatives, respectively, with excellent stereoselectivity. We also show that the hyperpolarized 1H signal decays obtained with the (R,R) and (S,S) catalysts were markedly different. StereoPHIP expands the scope of conventional PHIP to the production of 13C hyperpolarized chiral substrates with high stereoselectivity.
Combining Virtual Reality with Mixed Reality for Efficient Training in Battery Manufacturing
Authors: Denisart Lucie , Zapata‐Dominguez Diana , David Xavier , Leclere Aubin , Lelong Romain , Liu Chaoyue , Xu Jiahui , Loup‐Escande Emilie , Franco Alejandro A.
Published: September 2023

The manufacturing process of batteries can be complex and time‐consuming. We introduce a new version of the digital twin of our lithium‐ion battery pilot line, Simubat 4.0 Gen‐2, based on a new combination of Virtual Reality and Mixed Reality. This digital twin is designed to deliver training on the lithium‐ion battery manufacturing process and electrode properties. This tool aims to make users active learners, helping them visualize and understand complex concepts and meets a strong need for skilled labor linked to the blooming of battery gigafactory, in particular in our region. We report here a detailed study of the educational contribution of Simubat 4.0 Gen‐2. This study was performed during two filmed training sessions: the first one with chemistry MSc. students, and the second one with AESC Gigafactory trainees. We used questionnaires to measure the usability and usefulness and at the same time, we studied the usage by analyzing errors and qualitatively assessing communications among the participants. Our study revealed that users had more knowledge after using our digital twin; the tool was evaluated as being efficient by the users and it has been proven to be suitable for training in battery manufacturing.
Revealing the Formation of Dialkyl Dioxahexane Dioate Products from Ethylene Carbonate based Electrolytes on Lithium and Potassium Surfaces
Authors: Hofmann Andreas , Müller Freya , Schöner Sandro , Jeschull Fabian
Published: September 2023

In this study, the formation of dicarbonate degradation products of ethylene carbonate‐based carbonate mixtures containing dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate or diethyl carbonate that were combined with lithium or potassium metal, is investigated. It is shown by NMR and GCMS that the dicarbonate products dimethyl dioxahexane dioate, ethyl methyl dioxahexane dioate and diethyl dioxahexane dioate are formed from the reactants to different extents and, in particular, the potassium surface initiates the fast formation of the corresponding dicarbonate products. Experiments with deuterated DMC suggest an intermolecular mechanism of the dicarbonate formation. In cell tests, namely potassium vs. graphite, it is shown that the electrolyte formulation with the lowest tendency to dicarbonate formation (EC/DEC) exhibited the best cell stability respectively lowest cell aging.
Challenges in the diagnosis and management of disorders of sex development
Authors: Kutney Katherine , Konczal Laura , Kaminski Beth , Uli Naveen
Published: September 2023

Disorders of sex development (DSD) represent a spectrum of uncommon but very complex disorders with medical, psychosexual, and family implications for those affected by them. The diagnosis and management of these disorders requires a coordinated team of multiple specialists. Following an international conference in Chicago in 2005, a consensus statement was created and presented, which has resulted in a new paradigm in the nomenclature, classification, and management of DSDs. Since that time, many improvements have been forthcoming, most notably in the area of molecular genetic technologies. These developments have advanced our understanding of the specific etiologies underlying many of these conditions. In this article, we present an overview of the physiology of sex development, a few clinical vignettes highlighting specific pathologic conditions, discussions regarding the evaluation and management of these disorders, and some thoughts on future directions in this field. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 108:293–308, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Teachers’ responses to ethnic discrimination: An exploratory study in Flemish secondary schools
Authors: Hagenaars Marloes , Lafrarchi Naïma , Vantieghem Wendelien , Stevens Peter A. J.
Published: September 2023

While most research has focussed on the experiences and consequences of ethnic discrimination for students, little is known about how teachers respond to ethnic discrimination. Teachers’ responses are important as they may affect the outcomes of ethnic discrimination for students. Additionally, many studies have shown that teachers find it difficult to respond or talk about these issues but we know very little about how they act or address these challenges. Using a qualitative sample of 48 teachers, 23 students and four headteachers, this study explores (1) how secondary school teachers respond to ethnic discrimination and (2) what might explain variability in their responses. We found that teachers vary in their responses to incidents of ethnic discrimination between students (or incidents in which the teacher was a third party) in comparison with accusations of ethnic discrimination (or incidents in which the teacher was a main protagonist). When teachers responded to incidents of ethnic discrimination, they generally treat it as a learning opportunity and expect students to be ‘calm’, ‘open‐minded’, ‘reflective’, ‘respectful’ and ‘communicative’. However, when teachers become the centre of the debate and are accused of discriminatory behaviour, they do not apply these criteria but deny or downplay the allegations. Differences in teachers’ responses were related to background characteristics (years of teaching experience, school context, ethnic background, subject of teaching), role perceptions, basic needs for teaching, perceptions of students and a fear of being perceived as a racist.
The neural bases of sport fan reactions to teams: Evidence from a neuroimaging study
Authors: Cayolla Ricardo , Biscaia Rui , Baumeister Roy F. , Fetscherin Marc , Brito‐Costa Sónia , Duarte Isabel C. , Castelo‐Branco Miguel
Published: September 2023

This study uses neuroimaging methods to identify patterns of brain activation among sport fans in reaction to team stimuli. In a whole‐brain analysis without selected regions in advance, the purposes were to identify the structures involved when fans are exposed to positive, neutral, and negative events and to learn what events activate more limbic networks. A total of 53 individuals participated in and functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment involving the presentation of videos in various situations. Findings indicate the activation of the cingulate gyrus and other structures of the limbic system, as the hippocampus and parahippocampus. We also found involvement of the ventral tegmental area of the reward system. Additionally, brain activity in emotional regulation and memory areas were more influenced by positive than neutral and negative videos. It was also found the involvement of other areas not directly included in the limbic or reward systems. This study provides the neural basis of fan reactions to team‐related stimuli. Sport clubs should be aware that negative content seems to be suppressed from emotional memory and positive videos trigger more emotion and memory areas than neutral and negative videos.
Mikania micranthaKunth: An Ethnopharmacological Treasure Trove of Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Ali Khan Muahmmad , El‐Kersh Dina M. , Islam Md. Shafiqul , Ara Khan Shams , Kamli Hossam , Sarkar Chandan , Bhuia Md. Shimul , Islam Tawhida , Chandra Shill Manik , Gobe Glenda C. , Sönmez Gürer Eda , Setzer William N. , Sharifi‐Rad Javad , Torequl Islam Muhammad
Published: September 2023

Mikania micranthais utilized as a therapeutic for the treatment of various human ailments including insect bites, rashes and itches of skin, chicken pox, healing of sores and wounds, colds and fever, nausea, jaundice, rheumatism, and respiratory ailments. This study aimed at summarizing the traditional uses, phytochemical profile, and biological activities ofM. micranthabased on obtainable information screened from different databases. An up‐to‐date search was performed onM. micranthain PubMed, Science Direct, clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar databases with specific keywords. No language restrictions were imposed. Published articles, theses, seminar/conference papers, abstracts, and books on ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacological evidence were considered. Based on the inclusion criteria, this study includes 53 published records from the above‐mentioned databases. The results suggest that fresh leaves and whole plant are frequently used in folk medicine. The plant contains more than 150 different phytochemicals under the following groups: essential oils, phenolics and flavonoids, terpenes, terpene lactones, glycosides, and sulfated flavonoids. It contains carbohydrates and micronutrients including vitamins and major and trace minerals.M. micranthapossesses antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐microbial, anti‐dermatophytic, anti‐protozoal, anthelmintic, cytotoxic, anxiolytic, anti‐diabetic, lipid‐lowering and antidiabetic, spasmolytic, memory‐enhancing, wound‐healing, anti‐aging, and thrombolytic activities. No clinical studies have been reported to date.M. micranthamight be one of the potential sources of phytotherapeutic compounds against diverse ailments in humans. Studies are required to confirm its safety profile in experimental animals prior to initiating clinical trials. Moreover, adequate investigation is also crucial to clarify exact mechanism of action for each biological effect.
METTL3‐mediated N6‐methyladenosine exacerbates ferroptosis via m6A‐IGF2BP2‐dependent mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming in sepsis‐induced acute lung injury
Authors: Zhang Hao , Wu Dan , Wang Yanghanzhao , Guo Kefang , Spencer Charles B. , Ortoga Lilibeth , Qu Mengdi , Shi Yuxin , Shao Yuwen , Wang Zhiping , Cata Juan P. , Miao Changhong
Published: September 2023

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), released by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), exert a robust antimicrobial function in infectious diseases such as sepsis. NETs also contribute to the pathogenesis and exacerbation of sepsis. Although the lung is highly vulnerable to infections, few studies have explored the role of NETs in sepsis‐induced acute lung injury (SI‐ALI). We demonstrate that NETs induce SI‐ALI via enhanced ferroptosis in alveolar epithelial cells. Our findings reveal that the excessive release of NETs in patients and mice with SI‐ALI is accompanied by upregulation of ferroptosis depending on METTL3‐induced m6A modification of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) and subsequent mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming. In addition to conducting METTL3 overexpression and knockdown experiments in vitro, we also investigated the impact of ferroptosis on SI‐ALI caused by NETs in a caecum ligation and puncture (CLP)‐induced SI‐ALI model using METTL3 condition knockout (CKO) mice and wild‐type mice. Our results indicate the crucial role of NETs in the progression of SI‐ALI via NET‐activated METTL3 m6A‐IGF2BP2‐dependent m6A modification of HIF‐1α, which further contributes to metabolic reprogramming and ferroptosis in alveolar epithelial cells.
Tackling local ecological homogeneity: Finding intraspecific trait variability in local populations of Mediterranean plants
Authors: Iozia Lorenzo Maria , Varone Laura
Published: September 2023

Local homogeneity, in ecology, is the often undisclosed assumption that variability within populations is negligible or mostly distributed evenly. In large areas, this can lead to the aggregation of different populations without regard for their unique needs and characteristics, such as drought sensitivity and functional trait distributions. Here, we discuss whether this assumption can be justified, and we hypothesize that discerning the source of variation between plasticity and adaptation could be a feasible approach to formulate an informed decision. We test this hypothesis on plants, resorting to a common garden experiment to determine the source of variation of several plant functional traits at a local scale (~60 km) of three wild species: Quercus ilex, Pistacia lentiscus, and Cistus salviifolius. Individuals of each species were sourced from three key sites chosen along a local aridity gradient. Our approach led to the rejection of the local homogeneity assumption for Q. ilex and C. salviifolius at this scale due to the adaptive divergence observed among neighboring populations. This case study provides evidence that addressing local homogeneity can highlight diverging populations in a relatively simple way. We conclude that gathering empirical evidence on intraspecific variability is a feasible approach that can provide researchers with solid bases to decide whether to adopt the local homogeneity assumption or not.
Catabolism of fats and branched‐chain amino acids in children with Type 1 diabetes: Association with glycaemic control and total daily insulin dose
Authors: Hendrix Grace , Lokhnygina Yuliya , Ramaker Megan , Ilkayeva Olga , Muehlbauer Michael , Evans William , Rasbach Lisa , Benjamin Robert , Freemark Michael , Gumus Balikcioglu Pinar
Published: September 2023

Objective

Hyperglycaemia in Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from an absolute insulin deficiency. However, insulin resistance (IR) may exacerbate glycaemic instability in T1D and contribute to long‐term cardiovascular complications. We previously showed that IR in teenagers with obesity is associated with sex‐dependent derangements in the catabolism of branched‐chain amino acids (BCAA) and fatty acids. Here we hypothesized that byproducts of BCAA and fatty acid metabolism may serve as biomarkers or determinants of glycaemic control and IR in prepubertal or early pubertal children with T1D.

Methods

Metabolites, hormones and cytokines from fasting blood samples were analysed in 28 children (15 females, 13 males; age 6–11 years) with T1D. Principal components analysis (PCA) and multiple linear regression models were used to correlate metabolites of interest with glycaemic control, total daily insulin dose (TDD, units/kg/d), adiponectin and the triglyceride (TG) to high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio.

Results

Males and females were comparable in age, BMI‐z, insulin sensitivity, glycaemic control, inflammatory markers, BCAAs and C2/C3/C5‐acylcarnitines. The majority of components retained in PCA were related to fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and BCAA catabolism. HbA1c correlated positively with Factor 2 (acylcarnitines, incomplete FAO) and Factor 9 (fasting glucose). TDD correlated negatively with C3 and C5 and Factor 10 (BCAA catabolism) and positively with the ratio of C2 to C3 + C5 and Factor 9 (fasting glucose).

Conclusions

These findings suggest that glucose intolerance in prepubertal or early pubertal children with T1D is accompanied by incomplete FAO while TDD is associated with preferential catabolism of fats relative to amino acids.
Cyclic response of infilled RC frames with window and door openings: Experimental results and damage interpretation
Authors: Di Trapani Fabio , Khan Nisar Ali , Zhou Lin , Demartino Cristoforo , Monti Giorgio
Published: September 2023

The paper presents the results of an experimental investigation assessing the influence of the openings typology and position on the cyclic response of masonry‐infilled reinforced concrete frames. The experimental program consisted of seven 2/3 scale square frame specimens infilled with hollow clay bricks, which were subjected to quasi‐static lateral cyclic tests up to large drifts. A reference bare frame was also tested for comparison. The specimens included solid infill walls, infills with door openings, and infills with window central and eccentric openings. The experimental responses of the specimens were analyzed in terms of strength, stiffness, energy dissipation capacity, and equivalent damping, and were compared to those of the reference bare frame and fully infilled frame. Results revealed a significant modification of the resisting mechanisms as a function of the typology and position of the openings with respect to the case of a fully infilled frame, although the lateral resisting capacity was not substantially modified. On the other hand, it was observed that the achievement of the limit state thresholds occurred at substantially different interstorey drifts, indicating different damage metrics. Simple regression analyses, based on the experimental results of this study and from the literature, were finally conducted to interpret the modification of the peak force and of the corresponding drift as a function of synthetic parameters defining the opening arrangement.
An experimental investigation of porosity gradient and staggered arrangements in packed bed thermal energy storage
Authors: Asif Muhammad , Rabbi Jawad , Bibi Wajeeha
Published: September 2023

Owing to the intermittent nature of solar energy, the thermal energy from the sun or waste heat can be stored in the form of latent heat in a packed bed of phase change material (PCM). In this article, PCM‐based latent heat thermal energy storage is experimentally investigated, and the effects of porosity and specific surface area (ratio of surface area to the volume of the encapsulation) on the charging and discharging times are evaluated in packed bed thermal energy storage. Locally available paraffin wax was utilized as PCM. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to investigate the thermal properties of paraffin wax. Enthalpy of phase change, melting point, and specific heat capacity of the paraffin wax were obtained by using DSC. Experimental results revealed that there was a 17% decrease in the charging time when porosity was reduced from 0.568 to 0.485, and the corresponding surface area was 2.581 and 3.4546 m2/m3, respectively.
Synthesis of queuine by colonic gut microbiome via cross‐feeding
Authors: Yan Fujie , Xiang Shasha , Shi Lihua , Zhu Xuan
Published: September 2023

Queuine (Que) is an essential micronutrient, and its deficiency will lead to errors in tRNA modification and protein misfold, further to diseases. Meanwhile, the content of Que in food will be further reduced due to the modern planting pattern and processing. In this study, an idea, synthetic biology of gut microbiome, was introduced to meet people's demand for Que. Further, various food can be used as a media for promoting the growth of synthetic biology of flora and the concentrations of Que. Through this research, gut bacteria (Escherichia coli K12, Bacteroides fragilis ATCC25285, and Lactobacillus reuteri DSM20058) with abilities of Que independent synthesis in vitro were selected, and higher productivity of Que was fulfilled through the above three strains cocultivation via cross‐feeding. Moreover, the effect of Que on the structure of microbiome was also studied, in order to figure out the continuous synthesis of Que by this coculture system in colonic situation. Que could enhance bacterial α‐diversity, increase the abundance of Limosilactobacillus, Pediococcus, and Lactobacillus, while decrease the abundance of Eschi‐Shigella. Three bacteria combination intervention changed intestinal microbial composition, and distribution of enzymes transglycozyme, QueA, and QueG that involved in last three steps of Que synthesis in microorganisms was significantly changed. These results provide an experimental basis for colonic synthesis of Que via food intervention to solve the deficiency Que in human body. Here, we regard gut microbes as a fermentation system in human body, providing a constant supply of tiny but important substance that humans need.
Examining energy and nutrient production across the different agroecological zones in rural Ethiopia using statistical methods
Authors: Guja Habtamu , Belgiu Mariana , Embibel Lidya , Baye Kaleab , Stein Alfred
Published: September 2023

Poor‐quality diets are of huge concern in areas where consumption is dominated by locally sourced foods that provide inadequate nutrients. In agroecologically diverse countries like Ethiopia, food production is also likely to vary spatially. Yet, little is known about how nutrient production varies by agroecology. Our study looked at the adequacy of essential nutrients from local production in the midland, highland, and upper highland agroecological zones (AEZs). Data were collected at the village level from the kebele agriculture office and at the farm and household levels through surveys in rural districts of the South Wollo zone, Ethiopia. Household data were acquired from 478 households, and crop samples were collected from 120 plots during the 2020 production year. Annual crop and livestock production across the three AEZs was converted into energy and nutrient supply using locally developed crops' energy and nutrient composition data. The total produced energy (kcal) met significant proportions of per capita energy demand in the highland and upper highland, while the supply had a 50% energy deficit in the midland. Shortfalls in per capita vitamin A supply decreased across the agroecological gradient from midland (46%) to upper highland (31%). The estimated shortfall in folate supply was significantly higher in the upper highlands (63%) and negligible in the highlands (2%). The risk of deficient iron and zinc supply was relatively low across all AEZs (<10%), but the deficiency risk of calcium was unacceptably high. Agroecology determines the choice of crop produced and, in this way, affects the available supply of energy and nutrients. Therefore, agroecological variations should be a key consideration when designing food system interventions dedicated to improving diets.
Performances, carcass characteristics, and economic benefit of yearling Hararghe highland rams fed diet containing concentrate mixtures and sugarcane bagasse or rice husk treated with Trichoderma viride and effective microorganisms
Authors: Begna Regasa , Urge Mengistu , Negesse Tegene , Animut Getachew
Published: September 2023

The productivity of small ruminants in Ethiopia is low due to a shortage of feed supply throughout the year, both in terms of quality and quantity. This problem leads to the utilization of locally available lignocellulose by‐products, which encompass high cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. It is known that the nutritive value of these lignocellulose by‐products can be improved through biological, chemical, or a combination of both treatments This study was aimed at evaluating body weight change, carcass characteristics, and economic efficiency of rams fed a total mixed diet containing biologically treated rice husk (RH) or sugarcane bagasse (SCB). Thirty‐six sheep, weighing an average initial body weight of 18 ± 1.8 kg were used. Two feeds (SCB and RH) and three biological treatments (Control, Trichoderma viride [Tv], and effective microbes [EM]) were used with a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in 2 × 3 factorial arrangements. Ram fed on RH containing diets had higher dry matter intake (DMI) (g/h/day), DMI (% of BW), DMI (g/kg BW0.75), average daily gain (ADG) (106 vs. 53 g/day), and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) (0.107 vs. 0.076) than SCB containing diets. Ram fed diets containing biologically treated roughages had significantly higher (p < .05) DMI (g/h/day), DMI (% of BW), DMI (g/kg BW0.75), ADG, and FCE. However, no significant differences were observed between sheep fed diets containing EM and Tv in DMI (g/h/day), DMI (% of BW), DMI (g/kg BW0.75), ADG, and FCE. This study also revealed that significantly (p < .05) higher carcass weight, dressing percentage (DP), rib eye muscle area, total non‐carcass fat, and total edible offal components had been recorded for rams fed diets containing RH as roughage source related to rams fed diets containing SCB. While other parameters were unaffected by treatments, sheep fed diets containing biologically treated feed had a higher hot carcass weight plus DP. However, no significant (p > .05) difference was found between diets based on biologically treated roughage. Profitability analysis indicated that sheep fattening on a diet containing RH and by‐products treated with Tv and EM showed greater profitability than untreated SCB. The authors had concluded that fattening sheep on diets containing RH results in higher feed intake, better body weight gain, more carcasses and higher profits, but optimum inclusion levels need further research, for either treated or untreated SCB.
Quality preservation and decay reduction of minimally processed seedless barberry fruit via postharvest ultrasonic treatment
Authors: Saebi Mohammad Reza , Moradinezhad Farid , Ansarifar Elham
Published: September 2023

Seedless barberry fruit is one of the important horticultural products of Iran, which has health benefits due to great amounts of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. However, fresh barberry fruit has a short shelf life even at cold storage, mainly due to high water content and thin skin that leads to fungal decay and high postharvest loss. We examined the effectiveness of the postharvest ultrasonic technology on the quality preservation and nutritional value of fresh seedless barberry fruit and their decay reduction during cold storage. Experimental treatments were the time and temperature of ultrasound (US) and included: (1) control, fruit without US, (2) 5 min US at 20°C, (3) 5 min US at 30°C, (4) 5 min US at 40°C, (5) 10 min US at 20°C, (6) 10 min US at 30°C, (7) 10 min US at 40°C, (8) 15 min US at 20°C, (9) 15 min US at 30°C, and (10) 15 min US at 40°C. After applying the treatments, the fruits were sealed in polyethylene bags and stored at 4 ± 1°C for 20 days. The results showed that all US treatments had higher titratable acidity, antioxidant activity, phenol content, and vitamin C content than the control. However, the highest titratable acidity and antioxidant activity values were obtained in US treatments at 40°C and 30°C for 15 min. Also, US treatment significantly reduced the total soluble solids, decay percentage, and microbial load of fresh barberry fruit. As the US treatment temperature increased from 20°C to 40°C, the decay and microbial load of fruit significantly decreased. In conclusion, this study proved the potential application of the US for preserving the quality of fresh seedless barberry fruit, and the most optimal US temperature and its application time was 40°C for 15 min.
It is time to improve the diagnostic workup of oropharyngeal cancer with circulating tumor HPV DNA: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Paolini Francesca , Campo Flaminia , Iocca Oreste , Manciocco Valentina , De Virgilio Armando , De Pascale Valentina , Moretto Silvia , Dalfino Gianluca , Vidiri Antonello , Blandino Giovanni , Pimpinelli Fulvia , Venuti Aldo , Pellini Raul
Published: September 2023

The possibility of detecting circulating tumor HPV DNA (ctHPVDNA) in plasma in patients with oropharyngeal cancer has been demonstrated in several reports. However, these data are from small cohorts and available tests for detection of ctHPVDNA are not fully validated. The aim is to evaluate sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ctHPVDNA by ddPCR to define its efficacy in the clinical setting for the diagnosis of HPV + OPSCC. A comprehensive search of three different databases: MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. A total of 998 patients were evaluated from the 13 studies. OPSSC p16+ were 729, while controls p16− were 269. The meta‐analytic study estimated the diagnostic performance of ctHPVDNA as follows: pooled sensitivity and specificity of 0.90 (95% CI: 0.82–0.94) and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.85–0.98), respectively; positive and negative likelihood ratios of 12.6 (95% CI: 4.9–32.1) and 0.05 (95% CI: 0.02–0.13), respectively. ddPCR for ctHPVDNA has good accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for diagnosis of HPV + OPSCC. ctHPVDNA kinetic represents a great reliable opportunity to improve diagnostic and therapeutic management of cancer patients and could open new perspectives for understanding tumor biology.
A systematic review of the association between job insecurity and work‐related musculoskeletal disorders
Authors: Mateos‐Gonzalez Laura , Rodríguez‐Suárez Julio , Llosa José Antonio
Published: September 2023

A number of studies analyze the link between the presence of psychosocial risk factors and work‐related musculoskeletal disorders. The increase in job insecurity (JI) has resulted in a growing focus on its likely role as a risk factor within occupational health. Accordingly, the aim of this research was to carry out a systematic review of studies that include JI among the relevant risk factors, specifically drawing data from this variable to observe the significance of its association with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). For this purpose, a literature search was carried out: from a sample of 859 studies found and 23 were selected after applying the eligibility criteria. Fifteen studies (65.2% of the selection) presented statistically significant results regarding the link between JI and MSDs: the upper limbs and back were the body areas most affected by this association. In sum, JI should be considered a potential precursor of MSDs. Therefore, further study on this psychosocial risk and its association with these types of pathologies is necessary.
Esophageal squamous papilloma: Literature review and case–control retrospective study with histopathological exam of human papillomavirus
Authors: Ahmad Akram I , Lee Arielle , Nithagon Pichayut , Ayaz Omair , Altork Nadera , Peppas Spyros , Alzraikat Sayel , Ayoubi Reza , Smith Andrew , Dhanjal Rachna , Jassal Ajay , Rizzo Samantha M , Cho Won Kyoo
Published: September 2023

Background and Aim

Esophageal squamous papilloma (ESP) is a benign growth in the esophagus with unknown malignant potential. The mechanism underlying ESP formation is unknown, but human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been proposed as a potential etiology. We sought to investigate the clinical characteristic of ESP in our population, review the current literature, and highlight the role of HPV.

Methods

This is a retrospective case–control study conducted at two referral centers. We selected the ESP population by free‐text search in the pathology department database and selected controls randomly from the general endoscopy population. Immunostains were used to evaluate ESP tissue for HPV.

Results

Between January 2016 and December 2021, we identified 66 patients with ESP, with a prevalence of 0.72%. ESP patients were younger, with a median age of 52 years (P = 0.021), and more likely African American (34.4 vs 7.5%, P < 0.001) compared to controls. On endoscopy images, the growth was predominantly solitary (92.5%) in the middle of the esophagus (39.4%), with sizes ranging from 0.2 to 2.3 cm. A total of 62 patients had available tissue for HPV immune staining, and none tested positive for HPV. Eighteen patients had a follow‐up endoscopy with an average of 504.5 days follow‐up period. One patient developed esophageal squamous cell carcinoma during follow‐up.

Conclusions

We observed a higher prevalence of ESP compared to previous studies. The formation of ESP is multifactorial and partially explained by HPV infection in selected populations. The malignant potential of ESP is low but not negligible.
Clinical Significance of Background Parenchymal Enhancement in Breast Cancer Risk Stratification
Authors: Murakami Wakana , Mortazavi Shabnam , Yu Tiffany , Kathuria‐Prakash Nikhita , Yan Ran , Fischer Cheryce , McCann Kelly E. , Lee‐Felker Stephanie , Sung Kyunghyun
Published: September 2023

Background

Background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) is an established breast cancer risk factor. However, the relationship between BPE levels and breast cancer risk stratification remains unclear.

Purpose

To evaluate the clinical relationship between BPE levels and breast cancer risk with covariate adjustments for age, ethnicity, and hormonal status.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

954 screening breast MRI datasets representing 721 women divided into four cohorts: women with pathogenic germline breast cancer (BRCA) mutations (Group 1, N = 211), women with non‐BRCA germline mutations (Group 2, N = 60), women without high‐risk germline mutations but with a lifetime breast cancer risk of ≥20% using the Tyrer‐Cuzick model (Group 3, N = 362), and women with <20% lifetime risk (Group 4, N = 88).

Field Strength/Sequence

3 T/axial non‐fat‐saturated T1, short tau inversion recovery, fat‐saturated pre‐contrast, and post‐contrast T1‐weighted images.

Assessment

Data on age, body mass index, ethnicity, menopausal status, genetic predisposition, and hormonal therapy use were collected. BPE levels were evaluated by two breast fellowship‐trained radiologists independently in accordance with BI‐RADS, with a third breast fellowship‐trained radiologist resolving any discordance.

Statistical Tests

Propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized to adjust covariates, including age, ethnicity, menopausal status, hormonal treatments, and prior bilateral oophorectomy. The Mann–Whitney U test, chi‐squared test, and univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed, with an odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Weighted Kappa statistic was used to assess inter‐reader variation. A P value <0.05 indicated a significant result.

Results

In the assessment of BPE, there was substantial agreement between the two interpreting radiologists (κ = 0.74). Patient demographics were not significantly different between patient groups after PSM. The BPE of Group 1 was significantly lower than that of Group 4 and Group 3 among premenopausal women. In estimating the BPE level, the OR of gene mutations was 0.35.

Data Conclusion

Adjusting for potential confounders, the BPE level of premenopausal women with BRCA mutations was significantly lower than that of non‐high‐risk women.

Level of Evidence

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3