bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Local Ductile Failure Assessment Method and Its Application to Four Alloys—Part I: Stress–Strain Relation and Analysis Without the Effect of Lode Angle
Authors: Takahashi Yukio , Shigeyama Haruhisa
Published: January 2025

In evaluating the margin against fracture under various loadings, resistance against initiation and propagation of fracture needs to be evaluated. Elastic-plastic finite element (FE) analysis serves as a powerful tool for such assessment but prediction of plastic deformation and stress state in structures needs stress–strain relations to be implemented in the analysis. For avoiding the necessity of testing and processing the data each time, true stress–strain relations whose constants can be determined from fundamental properties such as yield or proof stress, tensile strength, rupture elongation, and reduction of area were developed based on the results of uniaxial tensile tests on many kinds of alloys used in nuclear power plants. Tensile tests were also conducted on notched round bar and grooved plate specimens made from four representative materials at various temperatures below the creep regime. Conventional large strain elastic-plastic analyses were performed on these specimens to elucidate the necessity of incorporation of the effect of damage on deformation in addition to a failure criterion. Then the calculation of damage based on equivalent plastic strain rate and stress triaxiality factor was introduced with an aim of predicting failure and the gradual decrease in deformation resistance. It was found that, although the predictions became more realistic, the behavior of some of the specimens could not be predicted with a sufficient accuracy when the effects of the stress triaxiality factor were calibrated based on the analyses of other types of specimens, suggesting the necessity of introducing another parameter which will be addressed in a subsequent paper.
In-Cylinder Imaging and Emissions Measurements of Cold-Start Split Injection Strategies
Authors: Gutierrez Luis G. , Wooldridge Margaret S. , Petersen Benjamin R. , Wooldridge Steven T.
Published: January 2025

Strategies to mitigate cold-start emissions are critical to meet stringent standards for particulate and regulated gaseous emissions from direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engines. The objective of the current work was to establish an experimental protocol for cold-start studies and to identify the in-cylinder phenomena important during engine warming in terms of engine power and stability and engine-out particulates, NOx, and unburned hydrocarbon emissions. Metal-engine experiments were conducted with ambient intake air temperature and coolant air temperature of 20 °C to quantify the sensitivity of the performance of a single-cylinder engine to timing of a strategy using two injection events per power cycle and late spark ignition. The results showed strong sensitivity to the timing of the second injection event and weak sensitivity to the timing of the first injection. Complementary high-speed imaging experiments were conducted with the same engine where the fuel spray and combustion characteristics were visualized during cold-start split-injection operation. The imaging data showed the sources of particulates were due to fuel impingement on combustion chamber surfaces and due to fuel rich regions, in particular regions where the fuel recondensed due to the conditions associated with late ignition timing. The combination of engine-out particulate and imaging measurements indicated smaller particles (10–20 nm) were associated with fuel impingement on surfaces, and larger particles (20–200 nm) were associated with fuel rich “pockets”.
Improved Engine Data Acquisition System and Interface to Enable Experimentation With Emerging Alternative Fuels in a Spark-Ignited Cooperative Fuel Research Engine
Authors: Loprete Jason , Dimosthenous Christos , Assanis Dimitris
Published: January 2025

In the face of new engine research challenges, legacy hardware and once state-of-the-art assumptions may become less relevant, especially those made due to the computational limitations of the hardware at the time of initial development. Such legacy elements can potentially limit the effectiveness of accurately describing key parameters or metrics during experimentation or postprocessing. As the behavior of novel fuels is also not always fully understood, this highlights the need for tools to guide the experimental design to avoid unexpected and potentially dangerous outcomes. This paper details the conversion of an existing data acquisition system for a spark-ignited single-cylinder cooperative fuel research (CFR) engine to handle a variety of different emerging alternative fuels. Modifications to the in-house legacy LabVIEW program and data acquisition system are detailed, with emphasis on providing additional tools to aid in the experimentation expediency and safety. The existing CFR testing facility is converted from a single liquid or single gaseous fuel capable system to a multifuel compatible system, complete with on-the-fly calculations of mass, energy, and volume fractions of existing fuel blends, increased low-speed sampling rates, and a calculating tool to command fuel flow set-points for a given blend fraction, equivalence ratio and airflow set-point. Additional factors, such as sensor selection and communication, are discussed with an emphasis on reducing experimental uncertainty. Overall, this work provides insights into possible adjustments and considerations when upgrading existing experimental setups to accommodate emerging alternative fuel use.
Power Corrections in the Transient Plane Source Method
Authors: Landry David , Flores Renzo
Published: January 2025

The transient plane source (TPS) is a well-known method for measuring the thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and specific heat capacity of solids, liquids, pastes, and powders. The method assumes that the heat source delivers a constant power throughout the measurement. However, in real-world measurements, the effective power is reduced due to the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) and the heat capacity of the sensor. In this paper, we present first-order corrections to the average temperature of the sensor, accounting for the power reduction caused by the TCR and the heat capacity of the TPS sensor. To verify the corrections, TPS measurements were performed on Pyroceram 9606 at multiple initial powers. The measured properties without the corrections showed a significant trend with the power used. The first-order corrections significantly decreased the trend of the measured thermal conductivity with power, validating the improvements the corrections make to the TPS method.
NoodlePrint: Cooperative Multi-Robot Additive Manufacturing With Helically Interlocked Tiles
Authors: Ebert Matthew , Stone Ronnie F. P. , Koithan John , Zhou Wenchao , Pharr Matt , Estrin Yuri , Akleman Ergun , Sha Zhenghui , Krishnamurthy Vinayak
Published: January 2025

We present NoodlePrint, a generalized computational framework for maximally concurrent layer-wise cooperative 3D printing (C3DP) of arbitrary part geometries with multiple robots. NoodlePrint is inspired by a recently discovered set of helically interlocked space-filling shapes called VoroNoodles. Leveraging this unique geometric relationship, we introduce an algorithmic pipeline for generating helically interlocked cellular segmentation of arbitrary parts followed by layer-wise cell sequencing and path planning for cooperative 3D printing. Furthermore, we introduce a novel concurrence measure that quantifies the amount of printing parallelization across multiple robots. Consequently, we integrate this measure to optimize the location and orientation of a part for maximally parallel printing. We systematically study the relationship between the helix parameters (i.e., cellular interlocking), the cell size, the amount of concurrent printing, and the total printing time. Our study revealed that both concurrence and time to print primarily depend on the cell size, thereby allowing the determination of interlocking independent of time to print. To demonstrate the generality of our approach with respect to part geometry and the number of robots, we implemented two cooperative 3D printing systems with two and three printing robots and printed a variety of part geometries. Through comparative bending and tensile tests, we show that helically interlocked part segmentation is robust to gaps between segments.
Vision-Language Models for Design Concept Generation: An Actor-Critic Framework
Authors: Ghasemi Parisa , Moghaddam Mohsen
Published: January 2025

We introduce a novel actor-critic framework that utilizes vision-language models (VLMs) and large language models (LLMs) for design concept generation, particularly for producing a diverse array of innovative solutions to a given design problem. By leveraging the extensive data repositories and pattern recognition capabilities of these models, our framework achieves this goal through enabling iterative interactions between two VLM agents: an actor (i.e., concept generator) and a critic. The actor, a custom VLM (e.g., GPT-4) created using few-shot learning and fine-tuning techniques, generates initial design concepts that are improved iteratively based on guided feedback from the critic—a prompt-engineered LLM or a set of design-specific quantitative metrics. This process aims to optimize the generated concepts with respect to four metrics: novelty, feasibility, and problem-solution relevancy, and variety. We explored the efficacy of incorporating images alongside text in conveying design ideas within our actor-critic framework by experimenting with two mediums for the agents: vision-language and language-only. We extensively evaluated the framework through a case study using the AskNature dataset, comparing its performance against benchmarks such as GPT-4 and real-world biomimetic designs across various industrial examples. Our findings underscore the framework's capability to iteratively refine and enhance the initial design concepts, achieving significant improvements across all metrics. We conclude by discussing the implications of the proposed framework for various design domains, along with its limitations and several directions for future research in this domain.
Failure Analysis of a Waste Heat Boiler of a Sulfur-Burning Sulfuric Acid Plant
Authors: Wang Yilin , Zhang Ming , Li Mengli , Liu Long , Wang Weiqiang
Published: January 2025

The waste heat boiler in a sulfur-burning sulfuric acid plant experienced failures, specifically furnace tube bursting and tube sheet leakage. Samples were extracted from the front tube sheet and the tubes that had failed, located where the waste heat boiler had developed leaks. The compositions, microstructures, mechanical properties, and crack morphology of the tube sheet and the tubes were analyzed. There were many small cracks in the tube-sheet joints, and Na was detected in the cracks. Na was also found in the expanded connection area between the tubes and the tube sheet. The inner wall of the tubes near the tube burst area was severely corroded. The amount of S on the inner walls of the tubes near the tube burst area was significantly higher than that on the outer walls of the tubes. Through relevant analyses, the following conclusions were obtained: the alkali stress corrosion cracks widely appeared in the tube-sheet joint. The sulfuric acid formed by the mixture of leaked water and high-temperature flue gas flowed into the tubes, and relevant tubes were seriously corroded and eventually burst.
A Proportional Control Strategy for Stiffness Tuning of Parallel Manipulators
Authors: Verotti Matteo , Morandini Marco , Masarati Pierangelo
Published: January 2025

This article presents a control strategy for the stiffness regulation of parallel manipulators based on the implementation of a simple proportional controller. Starting from the assignment of the stiffness or compliance matrix in the task space, defined by the application-specific requirements, a proper control action is calculated by considering the translational and rotational compliances of the end effector. The proposed approach is applied in SE(2) and SE(3), addressing the analysis of the 3RRR planar parallel manipulator and the 6UPS Stewart–Gough platform. The proposed control scheme decouples the effects of the applied force and moment on the end effector displacement and rotation. Numerical examples are presented, with multibody simulations performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The effect of friction in the active and passive joints is also investigated.
Solar Collector Featured Dryer Performance Enriched by the Adaptations of Phase Change Material Embedded With Fin Collector Absorber
Authors: Venkatesh R. , Logesh K. , Vinayagam Mohanavel , Kumar Ashok , Chaturvedi Rishabh , Prabagaran S. , M. Soudagar Manzoore Elahi , Salmen Saleh Hussein , Al Obaid Sami
Published: January 2025

The solar dryer was an effective choice for drying agriculture products because it is cost-effective and requires no external energy for process drying. The fluctuation in drying temperature due to irregular radiation availability influences the food product quality and drying time significantly during the drying process using a solar dryer. In this study, the solar dryer integrated with a solar collector is experimentally studied using phase change material (PCM—paraffin wax) embedded with a fin collector absorber. The drying products such as banana (DP1), and potato (DP2) slices are used in the thickness of 2 mm. The absorber with PCM and fins configuration in the solar collector leads to better thermal performance compared to conventional solar collector absorbers and PCM absorbers. The dryer with PCM and fins-integrated solar collector absorber achieved higher outlet air temperatures of 56.5 °C and 58.1 °C for DP1 and DP2 61, respectively. Additionally, the collector efficiency, moisture, and drying rate for dryers with PCM-integrated solar collector absorbers of DP1/DP2 products were improved by 73.4/75.4%, 0.92/0.95, and 0.88/0.9 kg/h, respectively. Therefore, the dryer with PCM and fins-integrated solar collector absorber is the best choice for drying agricultural products using solar technologies.
Development of Compact and Hermetic Organic Rankine Cycle Turbine Generator With Upgraded Cooling Capability
Authors: Tanaka Toshimitsu , Takata Ryo , Hirado Takuma , Kawanami Akira
Published: January 2025

In this article, a hermetic and oil-free turbine generator for a cryogenic organic Rankine circle (ORC) is suggested and investigated. The generator mainly consists of a high-speed generator, a two-stage supersonic turbine, and magnetic bearings. Based on the hermetic design concept, these components are in a common casing. To upgrade the cooling capability of the generator, heat dissipation fins are installed between the first and second stages of the turbine. Performance of the turbine generator was preliminarily investigated by CFD calculations. These results show that the turbine efficiency peaks at 16,000 rpm under the design pressure ratio condition. Under the same condition, it is also predicted that comparatively high static pressure recovery coefficient and low total pressure loss can be obtained through the flow path with the fins. Moreover, a series of experimental campaign were conducted on an ORC test rig using −196 °C liquid nitrogen and 50 °C warm water as cold source and heat source, respectively. These results indicate that the target power output was achieved and the installed heat dissipation fins are effective to enhance the cooling capability of the generator. It was also indicated that under comparatively high loaded conditions, the turbine power output can be increased by heat transferred from the generator.
A combined noise source model based on vertical coherence to quantify the proportions of two types of noise power
Authors: Liu Xuefeng , Li Qi , Tang Rui , Wang Yilin , Shang Dajing , Zhao Zhenxing
Published: January 2025

With the vigorous development of maritime trade, the frequency band from 100 to 1500 Hz of shallow-sea ambient noise is not only affected by surface wind-induced noise but also the contribution of ship noise. Shallow-sea ambient noise can be described by a linear combination of surface wind-induced noise sources and ship noise sources. By using the correspondence between the real part of the vertical coherence and vertical energy flux, this work establishes a combined noise source model based on vertical coherence. A 64-element vertical array is used to measure the ocean ambient noise 103 m deep in an area of the South China Sea. Two scenarios, one dominated by surface wind-induced noise and one dominated by wind-induced noise and ship noise, are selected for investigation. By comparing the theoretical and measured values, the accuracy of the model proposed in this paper and its ability to remove the ship noise reliably are verified. This approach can be used to quantify the proportion of ship noise power in shallow-sea low-frequency environments and evaluate the contributions of wind-induced noise and ship noise at different times.
Does sound symbolism need sound?: The role of articulatory movement in detecting iconicity between sound and meaning
Authors: Imai Mutsumi , Kita Sotaro , Akita Kimi , Saji Noburo , Ohba Masato , Namatame Miki
Published: January 2025

Ever since de Saussure [Course in General Lingustics (Columbia University Press, 1916)], theorists of language have assumed that the relation between form and meaning of words is arbitrary. However, recently, a body of empirical research has established that language is embodied and contains iconicity. Sound symbolism, an intrinsic link language users perceive between word sound and properties of referents, is a representative example of iconicity in language and has offered profound insights into theories of language pertaining to language processing, language acquisition, and evolution. However, on what basis people detect iconicity between sound and meaning has not yet been made clear. One way to address this question is to ask whether one needs to be able to hear sound to detect sound symbolism. Here, it is shown that (1) deaf-and-Hard-of-Hearing (DHH) participants, even those with profound hearing loss, could judge the sound symbolic match between shapes and words at the same level of accuracy as hearing participants do; and (2) restriction of articulatory movements negatively affects DHH individuals' judgments. The results provided support for the articulatory theory of sound symbolism and lead to a possibility that linguistic symbols may have emerged through iconic mappings across different sensory modality—in particular, oral gesture and sensory experience of the world in the case of speech.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Asian Exercise Techniques and Various Physical Activity Interventions in Middle and Late Adulthood Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Qi Wen , Alarcón David , Arenilla María José , Yu Hongli , Jaenes José Carlos , Trujillo Manuel , Wilczyńska Dominika
Published: January 2025

Objectives: The aim of this review and meta-analysis is to compare different low-intensity forms of physical activity (PA; Baduanjin, Tai Chi, walking, and general PA) as treatments for knee osteoarthritis. Methods: Between 2003 and 2023, pertinent articles published in scientific electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar) were searched in preparation for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Twenty-four studies that satisfied the requirements were selected, with a total sample size of 1,972 participants, of which 71.46% were female. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria were followed in the study selection process, and the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. Results: The systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that various low-intensity PAs, particularly Asian exercise techniques such as Baduanjin, Tai Chi, and walking, significantly alleviated symptoms of knee osteoarthritis in middle and late adulthood. Pain reduction showed a moderately significant effect size (d = −0.65, SE = 0.14, p < .001), with all interventions, including Baduanjin, general PA, Tai Chi, and walking, significantly decreasing pain levels. Stiffness also improved, with a moderate effect size (d = −0.71, SE = 0.17, p < .001), and physical function significantly improved (d = −0.58, SE = 0.15, p < .001). Conclusion: The results suggest that walking and Baduanjin exercises can be effectively integrated into community-based programs for middle-aged and older adults to manage knee osteoarthritis symptoms, offering a cost-effective nonpharmacological intervention.
Comparing two-sample log-linear exposure estimation with Bayesian model-informed precision dosing of tobramycin in adult patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Tong Dominic M. H. , Hughes Maria-Stephanie A. , Hu Jasmine , Pearson Jeffrey C. , Kubiak David W. , Dionne Brandon W. , Hughes Jasmine H.
Published: January 2025

Tobramycin dosing in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is challenged by its high pharmacokinetic (PK) variability and narrow therapeutic window. Doses are typically individualized using two-sample log-linear regression (LLR) to quantify the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC). Bayesian model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) may allow dose individualization with fewer samples; however, the relative performance of these methods is unknown. This single-center retrospective analysis included adult patients with CF receiving tobramycin from 2015 to 2022. Tobramycin concentrations were predicted using LLR or Bayesian estimation with two population PK models (Hennig and Alghanem). Then, both methods were used to estimate the AUC for simulated patients. For Bayesian estimation, AUC estimation with flattened priors and limited sampling strategies were also assessed. Predictions were evaluated using normalized root mean square error (nRMSE), mean percent error (MPE), and accuracy. The data set included 70 treatment courses, with 32 not evaluable by LLR due to detection limits or timing issues. Bayesian estimation demonstrated worse accuracy (47.1%–50.7% vs 75.7%), higher MPE (24.2%–32.4% vs −2.4%), and higher nRMSE (35.0%–39.4% vs 24.8%) than LLR for peak concentrations but performed better on troughs (accuracy: 92.0%–92.9% vs 84.6%). Bayesian estimation with flattened priors and a single sample at 4 h was comparable to LLR performance, with better accuracy (42.9%–68.0% vs 41.1% LLR), comparable MPE (−2.3% to −3.7% vs −0.5%) and nRMSE (11.3%–21.6% vs 17.3%). Bayesian estimation with one concentration and flattened priors can match LLR prediction accuracy. However, popPK models must be improved to better estimate peak samples.
Advancements in the fight against globally distributed OXA-48 carbapenemase: evaluating the new generation of carbapenemase inhibitors
Authors: Outeda-García Michelle , Arca-Suárez Jorge , Lence Emilio , Rodriguez-Coello Arianna , Maceiras Romina , Blanco-Martin Tania , Guijarro-Sánchez Paula , Gonzalez-Pinto Lucia , Alonso-Garcia Isaac , García-Pose Andrea , Muras Andrea , Rodriguez-Pallares Salud , Lasarte-Monterrubio Cristina , Gonzalez-Bello Concepción , Vázquez-Ucha Juan Carlos , Bou German , Beceiro Alejandro
Published: January 2025

Carbapenemase OXA-48 and its variants pose a serious threat to the development of effective treatments for bacterial infections. OXA-48-producing Enterobacterales are the most prevalent carbapenemase-producing bacteria in large parts of the world. Although these bacteria exhibit low-level carbapenem resistance
in vitro
, the infections they cause are challenging to treat with conventional therapies, owing to their spread and complex detection in clinical settings. However, numerous β-lactamase inhibitors (BLIs) are currently in the pipeline or late clinical stages. To assess the potential of these compounds, this study compared the efficacy against OXA-48 of novel β-lactamase inhibitors, specifically the 1,6-diazabicyclo[3,2,1]octanes (DBOs) avibactam, relebactam, zidebactam, nacubactam, and durlobactam, along with the cyclic and bicyclic boronates vaborbactam, taniborbactam, and xeruborbactam. The extensive kinetics assays identified xeruborbactam, taniborbactam, and durlobactam, together with the already established avibactam, as BLIs with superior biochemical performance. Susceptibility testing further validated these findings but also demonstrated significantly improved bacterial killing by the DBOs zidebactam, nacubactam, and durlobactam. On the other hand, binding studies demonstrated the superior inhibitory capacity of the BLIs durlobactam and xeruborbactam. Combinations, such as cefepime/zidebactam, meropenem/nacubactam, and sulbactam/durlobactam, show promising activity against OXA-48-producing Enterobacterales, while ceftazidime/avibactam, cefepime/taniborbactam, and meropenem/xeruborbactam combinations also appear highly active, largely due to the excellent kinetics of these new inhibitors. Overall, this comprehensive analysis provides important insights into the effectiveness of new BLIs against OXA-48-producing Enterobacterales, highlighting xeruborbactam, durlobactam, and avibactam as leading candidates. Additionally, BLIs like zidebactam, nacubactam, and taniborbactam also showed potential in addressing the clinical challenges posed by OXA-48-mediated antimicrobial resistance.
Cultivation and mating of the truffle
Tuber japonicum
in plantations of ectomycorrhizal
Quercus serrata
seedlings
Authors: Nakamura Noritaka , Kinoshita Akihiko , Nakano Shota , Furusawa Hitomi , Obase Keisuke , Yamaguchi Muneyoshi , Noguchi Kyotaro , Kitade Yuki , Yamanaka Takashi
Published: January 2025

Tuber japonicum
, a white-colored truffle that is endemic to Japan, is promising for culinary purposes due to its unique aroma. We were able to cultivate
T. japonicum
in plantations of inoculated
Quercus serrata
seedlings for the first time. Ascocarps were found after 43 months at one site and after 61 months at another. We developed simple sequence repeat markers for multilocus genotyping of glebal tissue and ascospores and confirmed that the harvested ascocarps were derived from inocula. All paternal individuals matched the multilocus genotypes of neighboring maternal individuals, indicating frequent hermaphroditism and the absence of externally introduced individuals. Our findings provide important clues to understanding the reproductive biology of
T. japonicum
during the early period after the truffle plantation establishment.

IMPORTANCE

Truffles are highly prized as a delicacy, but only a select few species have been successfully cultivated. In our study, we succeeded for the first time in cultivating
Tuber japonicum
. Two out of four plantations produced ascocarps shortly after planting, with one of them yielding a comparable weight to other cultivated truffle species. This promising productivity suggests that the fungus has potential when cultivated. Our analysis of the ascocarps' maternal and paternal genotypes, using simple sequence repeat markers, revealed hermaphroditic behavior in the fungus at our planting site. Our findings provide crucial insights into the truffle mating events.
Ligilactobacillus salivarius
LZZAY01 accelerated autophagy and apoptosis in colon cancer cells and improved gut microbiota in CAC mice
Authors: Yang Wenhong , Li Tao , An Shixiang , Chen Rong , Zhao Yuxin , Cui Jiaxian , Zhang Mingyu , Lu Jingkun , Tian Yunpeng , Bao Lili , Zhao Pengwei
Published: January 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the malignant tumors globally, with high morbidity and mortality rates. The mainstay treatment of CRC includes surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, these treatments are associated with a high recurrence rate, poor prognosis, and highly toxic side effects. The probiotics have the potential to prevent CRC, and they display a favorable safety performance. Probiotics could provide a potential strategy to prevent and treat CRC. The impact of LZZAY01 on cancer cell lines CT-26, HCT-116, and SW-620 was evaluated by conducting cytotoxicity and clonogenicity tests. A model of colitis-associated cancer (CAC) was established in C57BL/6j mice following induction with AOM/DSS. The levels of autophagy and apoptosis proteins, tight junction proteins, and inflammatory factors were detected by western blotting, immunofluorescence assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. High-throughput sequencing of gut 16S rRNA was performed to analyze the abundance and diversity of the gut microbiome. LZZAY01, a new strain of
Ligilactobacillus salivarius
, was certified by an evolutionary tree and average nucleotide identity. LZZAY01 enhanced autophagy and apoptosis in CT-26, HCT-116, and SW-620 cell lines. It preserved the integrity of the intestinal barrier by regulating the tight junction protein ZO-1 and claudin-1. The tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 were reduced by LZZAY01. The abundance and diversity of the intestinal microbiota were enhanced, especially the beneficial bacterial species maintaining the balance of the intestinal flora such as
Bifidobacterium
and
Lactobacillus
.
L. salivarius
LZZAY01 improved CAC
via
suppressing the growth of colon cancer cells, promoting autophagy and apoptosis, enhancing intestinal tight junctions, reducing intestinal barrier degradation, modifying the gut microbiota abundance, and decreasing inflammatory reactions.

IMPORTANCE

Although similar probiotics have been shown to have anticancer potential in colorectal cancer (CRC), there is a paucity of research related to the preventive function of probiotics against CRC. And there are fewer studies about the mechanism of probiotics’ preventive effects on CRC. The regulation of tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis by the active ingredients of probiotics may be one of the mechanisms of their prevention of CRC. In this study, we explored the effects of
L. salivarius
LZZAY01 on autophagy and apoptosis of colon cancer cells
in vitro
and
in vivo
and proposed a possible mechanism for the prevention of CRC by probiotics.
Genomic characterization of noroviruses from an outbreak associated with oysters
Authors: Flint Annika , Harlow Jennifer , McLeod Madison , Blondin-Brosseau Madeleine , Weedmark Kelly , Nasheri Neda
Published: January 2025

Human noroviruses are the leading cause of non-bacterial shellfish-associated gastroenteritis. In 2022, a multi-jurisdictional norovirus outbreak associated with contaminated oysters occurred that involved hundreds of illnesses. Here, we conducted genetic analysis on 30 clinical samples associated with this oyster outbreak. We first determined the capsid genotypes by Sanger sequencing and viral titers by droplet-digital reverse transcription PCR. Multiple genotypes were identified in this outbreak, which could indicate contamination with wastewaters. The majority of samples belonged to GII.3[P12], followed by GII.2[P16], GII.17[P17], and GII.4 Sydney[P16]. We next proceeded with whole-genome sequencing and obtained full genomes for 19 samples. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that some of the isolates showed high similarity with the sequences isolated from the United States related to the same outbreak. We also analyzed amino acid variations in the sequenced genomes and found that overall the GII.3[P12] isolates have lower variations compared to other genotypes.

IMPORTANCE

Norovirus outbreaks associated with contaminated shellfish occur frequently. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) could play a critical role in understanding and controlling norovirus outbreaks as it allows for source attribution, tracking transmission pathways, and detecting recurrent or linked outbreaks. Here, we described how the data obtained by WGS were employed for understanding transmission patterns and norovirus epidemiology.
Supplemental Material: Glacial events and continental weathering evolution of syn-, inter-, and post-glaciation during the middle–late Neoproterozoic period in the southwestern Tarim Craton, China
Authors: Hu Haiyan , al. et
Published: January 2025

Zircon U-Pb dating results (Table S1) and whole-rock major-element compositions of sedimentary rocks (Table S2).
Maternal perinatal anxiety and infant primary care use in 1998–2016: a UK cohort study
Authors: Smith Holly Christina , Archer Charlotte , Bailey James , Chew Graham Carolyn , Evans Jonathan , Fisher Tamsin , Kessler David , Kingstone Tom , Procter Janine , Shivji Noureen , Silverwood Victoria , Spruce Amy , Turner Katrina , Wu Pensée , Yu Dahai , Petersen Irene
Published: January 2025

Background

There is some evidence that perinatal anxiety (PNA) is associated with lower rates of infant vaccinations and decreased access to preventative infant healthcare, but results across studies have not been conclusive.

Objective

To investigate the relationship between maternal PNA and infant primary care use.

Methods

Cohort study of mother-infant pairs identified between 1998 and 2016 using IQVIA Medical Research Database (IMRD). PNA was identified through prescription, diagnosis and symptom records from start of pregnancy up to 1 year after birth. Outcomes include primary care consultation rate, attendance at the 6–8 week infant check and uptake of the infant 5-in-1 vaccination, comparing unadjusted rates of consultations and using logistic regression to analyse other outcomes.

Findings

Of the 248 618 women, 11 558 (4.7%) had a record of PNA. Infants of mothers with PNA had, on average, one more primary care consultation/person-year compared with those without (9.7 vs 8.7) in the year after birth. Mothers with PNA were more likely to have an infant who was vaccinated (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.33, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.48) but were less likely to have a record of attendance at the 6–8 week infant check (aOR 0.88, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.95).

Conclusions

Infants of mothers with PNA had, on average, a slightly higher rate of primary care consultations and were more likely to be vaccinated but less likely to have a record of an infant check.

Clinical implications

Midwives and General Practitioners (GPs) providing care should consider how PNA may impact on infant health and how infant health may impact on maternal anxiety.
Thirty years from FDA approval of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil/Caelyx): an updated analysis and future perspective
Authors: Gabizon Alberto A , Gabizon-Peretz Shira , Modaresahmadi Shadan , La-Beck Ninh M
Published: January 2025

In 2025, it will be 30 years since the initial clinical approval of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) by the Food and Drug Administration. PLD predated the field of nanomedicine and became a model nanomedicine setting key pharmacological principles (prolonged circulation, slow drug release and the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect) for clinical application of other nano-drugs in cancer therapy. The impressive reduction of cardiotoxicity conferred by PLD is the most valuable clinical asset. While PLD has gained a strong foothold in relapsed ovarian cancer and metastatic breast cancer, it has not been extensively tested in primary (neoadjuvant) and adjuvant therapy and has not fulfilled the expectations from the results in animal models efficacy-wise. This discrepancy may be due to the large dose gap between mice and humans and the apparent variability of the EPR effect in human cancer. PLD is a complex product and we are still in a learning curve regarding a number of factors such as its interaction with the complement system and its immune modulatory properties, as well as its integration in multimodality therapy that may potentiate its value and role in cancer therapy.
Sex hormone-dependent host-microbiome interactions and cardiovascular risk (XCVD): design of a longitudinal multi-omics cohort study
Authors: Franz Kristina , Markó Lajos , Mähler Anja , Chakaroun Rima , Heinitz Sascha , Schlögl Haiko , Sacher Julia , Steckhan Nico , Dechend Ralf , Adams Noah , Andersen Marianne , Glintborg Dorte , Viehweger Martin , Bahr Lina Samira , Forslund-Startceva Sofia Kirke
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) present differently in women and men, influenced by host-microbiome interactions. The roles of sex hormones in CVD outcomes and gut microbiome in modifying these effects are poorly understood. The XCVD study examines gut microbiome mediation of sex hormone effects on CVD risk markers by observing transgender participants undergoing gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT), with findings expected to extrapolate to cisgender populations.

Methods and analyses

This observational, longitudinal cohort study includes baseline, 1- and 2-year follow-ups with transgender participants beginning GAHT. It involves comprehensive phenotyping and microbiome genotyping, integrating computational analyses of high-dimensional data. Microbial diversity will be assessed using gut, skin, and oral samples via 16S rRNA and shotgun metagenomic sequencing of gut samples. Blood measurements will include sex hormones, CVD risk markers, cardiometabolic parameters, cytokines, and immune cell counts. Hair samples will be analysed for cortisol. Participants will complete online questionnaires on physical activity, mental health, stress, quality of life, fatigue, sleep, pain, and gender dysphoria, tracking medication use and diet to control for confounders. Statistical analyses will integrate phenomic, lifestyle, and multi-omic data to model health effects, testing gut microbiome mediation of CVD risk as the endocrine environment shifts between that typical for cisgender men to women and vice versa.

Ethics and dissemination

The study adheres to Good Clinical Practice and the Declaration of Helsinki. The protocol was approved by the Charité Ethical Committee (EA1/339/21). Signed informed consent will be obtained. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and conferences and shared as accessible summaries for participants, community groups, and the public, with participants able to view their data securely after public and patient involvement review for accessibility.

Trial registration number

The XCVD study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05334888) as ‘Sex-differential host-microbiome CVD risk — a longitudinal cohort approach (XCVD)" on 4 April 2022. Data set link can be found athttps://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05334888.
Evaluation of the implementation in primary care of genetic testing for the screening of MODY2 (iMOgene): protocol for an implementation pilot study
Authors: Legeay Samuel , Poitras Marie-Eve , Tremblay-Vaillancourt Vanessa , Fournier Amélie , Bouchard Luigi , Leblanc Josianne , Caron Philippe , Savard Catherine , Bettez Nathalie , Tremblay Karine
Published: January 2025

Introduction

MODY2 (maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2, MIM125851) is a monogenic diabetes with an autosomal dominant transmission caused by a variant of theGCKgene. MODY2 is often confused with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, but despite a slightly elevated blood glucose level, it does not induce long-term vascular complications, nor does it require pharmacological treatment. Genetic testing for the diagnosis of MODY2 is currently reserved for genetic specialists and some physicians. Still, access to it by primary care healthcare professionals (HCPs), coupled with appropriate training, would improve the diagnosis and management of patients with MODY2. Thus, to evaluate the implementation in primary care of genetic testing for the screening of MODY2 (iMOgene study), an implementation pilot study has been designed supported by the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) framework.

Method and analysis

Two primary care clinics will be involved in the region of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean (Québec, Canada). An asynchronous online training on MODY2 and genetic testing, including pre/post questionnaires, will be provided to the HCPs. Satisfaction, adoption and maintenance indicators will be collected throughout the project for each clinic. Questionnaires for patients and professionals and focus groups with HCPs will be conducted to assess implementation. This study will document the implementation process of genetic testing in primary care by identifying facilitating and limiting factors to establish specifications for scaling up.

Ethics and dissemination

The present protocol has been approved by the research ethic committee of the ‘Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean’(CIUSSS-SLSJ) on 9 January 2024 and by the ‘Comité central d’éthique de la recherche’ (CCER) of the ‘Ministère de la Santé et des Services Sociaux’ of Quebec (Canada) on 30 January 2024. The informed consent of participants will be obtained orally. Dissemination of the study results will involve peer-review publications, presentations at major national and international scientific conferences.
Mobile health applications for older people in Asia: protocol for a systematic review of end-user perceptions and recommendations
Authors: Leung Wilson , Lam Simon Ching , Sum Kim Wai Raymond , Yang Yijian , Chan Ching Lam , Chow Janice Ngar Lam , Wong Yvonne , Cheung Jasmine , Shum Edward , Yip Agnes Wing Ki , Wan Winsy Wing Yu , Luk Kevin , Ha Kong Nam , Suen Lorna Kwai Ping
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Mobile technology has revolutionised the way people interact with others and gain access to healthcare services. Given that cultural background is a strong moderator for technology penetration, this systematic review aims to examine end-user perceptions and design recommendations for mobile health applications among Asian older people.

Methods and analysis

Five electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Medline and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) will be searched until May 2025. Studies conducted on Asian older people aged 60+ years, with English/Chinese full text available, will be included. Narrative approaches and effect direction plots will be used for data analyses. Risk of bias across studies will be examined using Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 and Risk of Bias in Nonrandomised Studies of Interventions, whereas the quality of evidence will be assessed by Shekelle’s classification scheme.

Ethics and dissemination

No ethical approval will be required. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal articles.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42024562861.
Content and outcome of non-pharmacological rehabilitation in hospital, or community-based care, for women with traumatic brain injury: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Holmqvist Kajsa Lidström , Strandberg Thomas , Simpson Grahame , Massey Jessica , Matérne Marie
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global health issue and a leading cause of long-term disabilities and mortality worldwide. There is growing evidence that TBI rehabilitation should be differentiated and individualised according to gender to provide more effective healthcare and rehabilitation. However, there is a lack of reviews focusing on the rehabilitation for women with TBI and there is a need to summarise existing knowledge to guide and individualise their rehabilitation. This scoping review aims to identify and map evidence on content and outcome of non-pharmacological rehabilitation for women with TBI aged below 65 years.

Methods and analysis

This scoping review will follow the methodological guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The databases searched will be PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO. The following inclusion criteria will be applied: peer-reviewed studies published in English over the years 2000–2024 including description of content and outcomes of non-pharmacological TBI rehabilitation for women aged between 16 and 65 years in both inpatient and outpatient contexts. All severities of TBI ranging from concussion through to extremely severe will be included. Text and opinion papers, conference abstracts and grey literature will be excluded. Studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria will be independently reviewed by three researchers. A data extraction form will be used including specific details about the participants, concept, context, study methods and key findings. The results will be presented in tabular format accompanied by a narrative summary.

Ethics and dissemination

Due to the nature of data, no approval from an ethics committee is required. Dissemination of results are planned in an open-access peer-reviewed journal and in professional networks.

Review registration number

OSF,https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/QUY3T.
Care for older adults living with dementia in the emergency department: a systematic review and meta-synthesis of care partner roles and perspectives
Authors: Jelinski Dana , Fernandes Brooklynn , Reich Krista , Lang Eddy , Holroyd-Leduc Jayna , Goodarzi Zahra
Published: January 2025

Objective

Care partners play a vital role in supporting persons living with dementia (PLWD) in using medical services. We conducted a meta-synthesis to explore care partner perspectives of ED care for PLWD, as well as healthcare provider (HCP) perceptions of care partner roles within the ED, to identify care gaps and facilitators across the ED continuum.

Methods

MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase databases were searched from inception to 8 May 2023. Grey literature was also searched. Articles were included if they reported on care partner roles or experiences regarding care delivery for PLWD in the ED, either from the perspective of care partners or HCPs. A charting exercise was used to categorise the primary focus and outcomes of the articles selected for inclusion. A second charting exercise was used to derive overarching themes based on care partner roles in ED care for PLWD, and care partner perspectives surrounding barriers and facilitators to care.

Results

16 articles were included. Important barriers and facilitators to care for PLWD were identified and organised according to the timepoint of the visit (pre-ED, during a visit and post-ED). Key care gaps and barriers to care included: gaps in primary care access and care planning, ED environment and organisational processes, deficits in communication regarding patient care, lack of care partner involvement in clinical decisions, and difficulties with discharge transitions and follow-up care. Key facilitators to care included: clinical information provided by care partners, care coordination, and care partner support and engagement.

Conclusion

These findings can aid in developing dementia-friendly EDs by informing policy and practices, as well as environmental modifications. Future studies should focus on the feasibility and effectiveness of interventions targeted towards EDs and primary care settings. Engagement of care partners in these intervention studies will be critical to their success.