bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implications of Social Cohesion in Entrepreneurial Collaboration: a Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Minhas Jawad , Sindakis Stavros
Published: September 2021

This paper develops a methodological framework to review the literature relevant to the implications of social cohesion for entrepreneurs collaborating in the pursuit of innovation. The framework is then used to understand the current state of the art for that phenomenon. Thirdly, a theoretical model is developed for areas of concern in the stewardship of collaborating entrepreneurs. The abstracts of 631 academic resources between 1950 and 2020 are analyzed using Webster and Watson’s (MIS Quarterly, 26(2):xiii–xxiii, 2002) methodology. Sixty-four salient resources are identified and critically analyzed, categorizing research methodology, subject area, and additional, pertinent bibliometrics. Entrepreneurial collaboration is an emerging field of research that draws from a variety of disciplines and requires clarification in its use of terminology for both entrepreneurial collaboration and social cohesion. In addition to making those clarifications, the tendency of managers to maintain a hands-off approach in their oversight of entrepreneurial cadres is challenged. The theoretical model provides a useful overview of related concepts for future research and encourages managers to rethink their agency as necessary and not as a matter of interference. This paper contributes to the growing field of entrepreneurial collaboration by proposing the moderation of social cohesion as a means to sustain innovation.
Estimating the potential of wild foods for nutrition and food security planning in tropical areas: Experimentation with a method in Northwestern Colombia
Authors: Asprilla-Perea Jeferson , Díaz-Puente José M. , Martín-Fernández Susana
Published: September 2021

Wild foods contribute to the food security of multiple communities in tropical areas of Africa, Asia and Latin America. However, wild foods are not regularly considered in the planning of strategies for food and nutrition security mainly due to the lack of technical and/or scientific knowledge so that they can be considered suitable for human consumption. This paper proposes a multidisciplinary method that estimates the potential of wild foods as alternative resources when planning interventions in favour of food and nutrition security in tropical forest territories. When designing the method, four dimensions were identified in science, technology and innovation (STI) that define this potential as well as ten assessment criteria. The wild foods chosen for applying the method were Alibertia patinoi (a fruit commonly known as Borojó) and Proechimys semispinosus (Mouse of thorns), which are two of the main wild foods traditionally used by human communities in a tropical forest territory in the northwest of Colombia. In both cases, although there are significant advances in STI, compliance with some criteria is still required to regard them as viable alternatives for nutrition and food security within this territory. This research is useful for promoting the inclusion of wild food in food security programmes for communities where this food is already included in their traditional pattern of consumption and identifies the progress needed in STI to achieve this purpose. It may also promote the early recognition of possible traditional and cultural practices with high risk of transmission of pathogenic elements by the handling and/or inadequate consumption of wild foods. This early recognition could contribute to the prevention of diseases of wild animal origin, including those of rapid global spread.
New two-layer Ruddlesden—Popper cathode materials for protonic ceramics fuel cells
Authors: Ling Yihan , Guo Tianming , Guo Yangyang , Yang Yang , Tian Yunfeng , Wang Xinxin , Ou Xuemei , Feng Peizhong
Published: September 2021

New two-layer Ruddlesden—Popper (RP) oxide La0.25Sr2.75FeNiO7−δ (LSFN) in the combination of Sr3Fe2O7−δ and La3Ni2O7−δ was successfully synthesized and studied as the potential active single-phase and composite cathode for protonic ceramics fuel cells (PCFCs). LSFN with the tetragonal symmetrical structure (I4/mmm) is confirmed, and the co-existence of Fe3+/Fe4+ and Ni3+/Ni2+ couples is demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) analysis. The LSFN conductivity is apparently enhanced after Ni doping in Fe-site, and nearly three times those of Sr3Fe2O7−δ, which is directly related to the carrier concentration and conductor mechanism. Importantly, anode supported PCFCs using LSFN-BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.2O3−δ (LSFN-BZCY) composite cathode achieved high power density (426 mW·cm−2 at 650 °C) and low electrode interface polarization resistance (0.26 Ω·cm2). Besides, distribution of relaxation time (DRT) function technology was further used to analyse the electrode polarization processes. The observed three peaks (P1, P2, and P3) separated by DRT shifted to the high frequency region with the decreasing temperature, suggesting that the charge transfer at the electrode-electrolyte interfaces becomes more difficult at reduced temperatures. Preliminary results demonstrate that new two-layer RP phase LSFN can be a promising cathode candidate for PCFCs.
Sustained Antibacterial Effect of Levofloxacin Drug in a Polymer Matrix by Hybridization With A Layered Double Hydroxide
Authors: Ko Su-Joung , Jung Jin-Song , Gwak Gyeong-Hyeon , Kim Hyoung-Jun , Salles Fabrice , Oh Jae-Min
Published: September 2021

The immobilization of antimicrobial drugs can be used to expand the application of antibacterial properties to consumer products. The purpose of this study was to stabilize an antimicrobial agent, levofloxacin (LVX), for sustained antibacterial activity by immobilizing the drug molecules in a layered double hydroxide (LDH) and embedded in a polyurethane substrate. As-prepared MgAl-LDH was calcined at 400°C and reconstructed with LVX for intercalation. The X-ray diffraction patterns and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy images showed lattice expansion along the crystallographic c axis upon LVX intercalation, suggesting successful loading of the drug. Fourier-transform infrared spectra revealed that the structure of LVX was well preserved between LDH layers. Elemental analysis indicated that the loading capacity of LVX in the hybrid was 41.7%. Bacterial-colony forming inhibitory assay on Bacillus subtilis exhibited ~100% antibacterial activity of both LVX alone and LVX-LDH hybrid (LL). To determine sustainability of antibacterial activity by the hybrid, either LVX alone or LL hybrid was loaded in the polyurethane (PU) substrate for which antibacterial activity was evaluated before and after immersion in a phosphate-buffered saline for 3 days. The LVX-composited PU showed a dramatic decrease in antibacterial activity, down to 0% after buffer treatment; LL-composited PU still contained antibacterial activity (~34% of colony suppression) after phosphate-buffered saline immersion.
Scott Thornbury's 30 Language Teaching Methods
Authors: Thornbury Scott
Published: September 2021

Scott Thornbury's very accessible 30 Teaching Methods, groups methods according to what they have in common, even if separated in time. At the same time, it rehabilitates some lost or forgotten methods, with a view to challenging current orthodoxies, especially with regard to such topics as translation, rote learning, authenticity, and communication. In doing this it aims to unpack, not just the history of methods, but the beliefs that underpin them and the benefits that still might possibly accrue from experimenting with them. Through its inclusion of interesting characters, intriguing anecdotes, and often bizarre techniques, the material is absorbing and engaging.
The Axiology of Theism
Authors: Kraay Klaas J.
Published: September 2021

Theism is the view that God exists; naturalism is the view that there are no supernatural beings, processes, mechanisms, or forces. This Element explores whether things are better, worse, or neither on theism relative to naturalism. It introduces readers to the central philosophical issues that bear on this question, and it distinguishes a wide range of ways it can be answered. It critically examines four views, three of which hold (in various ways) that things are better on theism than on naturalism, and one of which holds just the opposite.
Between Mao and Gandhi
Authors: Thurber Ches
Published: September 2021

From Eastern Europe to South Africa to the Arab Spring, nonviolent action has proven capable of overthrowing autocratic regimes and bringing about revolutionary political change. How do dissidents come to embrace a nonviolent strategy in the first place? Why do others rule it out in favor of taking up arms? Despite a new wave of attention to the effectiveness and global impact of nonviolent movements, our understanding of their origins and trajectories remains limited. Drawing on cases from Nepal, Syria, India and South Africa, as well as global cross-national data, this book details the processes through which challenger organizations come to embrace or reject civil resistance as a means of capturing state power. It develops a relational theory, showing how the social ties that underpin challenger organizations shape their ability and willingness to attempt regime change using nonviolent means alone.
Cross-Cultural Pragmatics
Authors: House Juliane , Kádár Dániel Z.
Published: September 2021

This book provides a cutting-edge introduction to cross-cultural pragmatics, a field encompassing the study of language use across linguacultures. Cross-Cultural Pragmatics is relevant for a variety of fields, such as pragmatics, applied linguistics, language learning and teaching, translation, intercultural communication and sociolinguistics. Written by two leading scholars in the field, this book offers an accessible overview of cross-cultural pragmatics, by providing insights into the theory and practice of systematically comparing language use in different cultural contexts. The authors provide a ground-breaking, language-anchored, strictly empirical and replicable framework applicable for the study of different datatypes and situations. The framework is illustrated with case studies drawn from a variety of linguacultures, such as English, Chinese, Japanese and German. In these case studies, the reader is provided with contrastive analyses of language use in important contexts such as globalised business, politics and classrooms. This book is essential reading for both academics and students.
Pseudofinite Structures and Counting Dimensions
Authors: Zou Tingxiang
Published: September 2021

The thesis pseudofinite structures and counting dimensions is about the model theory of pseudofinite structures with the focus on groups and fields. The aim is to deepen our understanding of how pseudofinite counting dimensions can interact with the algebraic properties of underlying structures and how we could classify certain classes of structures according to their counting dimensions. Our approach is by studying examples. We treat three classes of structures: The first one is the class of H-structures, which are generic expansions of existing structures. We give an explicit construction of pseudofinite H-structures as ultraproducts of finite structures. The second one is the class of finite difference fields. We study properties of coarse pseudofinite dimension in this class, show that it is definable and integer-valued and build a partial connection between this dimension and transformal transcendence degree. The third example is the class of pseudofinite primitive permutation groups. We generalise Hrushovski’s classical classification theorem for stable permutation groups acting on a strongly minimal set to the case where there exists an abstract notion of dimension, which includes both the classical model theoretic ranks and pseudofinite counting dimensions. In this thesis, we also generalise Schlichting’s theorem for groups to the case of approximate subgroups with a notion of commensurability.

Abstract prepared by Tingxiang Zou.

E-mail: tzou@uni-muenster.de

URL: https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02283810/document
Model Theory in a Paraconsistent Environment
Authors: Coscarelli Bruno Costa
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this thesis is to develop a paraconsistent Model Theory. The basis for such a theory was launched by Walter Carnielli, Marcelo Esteban Coniglio, Rodrigo Podiack, and Tarcísio Rodrigues in the article ‘On the Way to a Wider Model Theory: Completeness Theorems for First-Order Logics of Formal Inconsistency’ [The Review of Symbolic Logic, vol. 7 (2014)].

Naturally, a complete theory cannot be fully developed in a single work. Indeed, the goal of this work is to show that a paraconsistent Model Theory is a sound and worthy possibility. The pursuit of this goal is divided in three tasks: The first one is to give the theory a philosophical meaning. The second one is to transpose as many results from the classical theory to the new one as possible. The third one is to show an application of the theory to practical science.

The response to the first task is a Paraconsistent Reasoning System. The start point is that paraconsistency is an epistemological concept. The pursuit of a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of paraconsistency from this point of view leads to a reasoning system based on the Logics of Formal Inconsistency. Models are regarded as states of knowledge and the concept of isomorphism is reformulated so as to give raise to a new concept that preserves a portion of the whole knowledge of each state. Based on this, a notion of refinement is created which may occur from inside or from outside the state.

In order to respond to the second task, two important classical results, namely the Omitting Types Theorem and Craig’s Interpolation Theorem are shown to hold in the new system and it is also shown that, if classical results in general are to hold in a paraconsistent system, then such a system should be in essence how it was developed here.

Finally, the response to the third task is a proposal of what a Paraconsistent Logic Programming may be. For that, the basis for a paraconsistent PROLOG is settled in the light of the ideas developed so far.

Abstract prepared by Bruno Costa Coscarelli.

E-mail: brunocostacoscarelli@gmail.com

URL: http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/331697
14C DATING OF THE ERLITOU SITE
Authors: Zhang Xuelian , Qiu Shihua , Cai Lianzhen , Xu Hong , Zhao Haitao , Chen Guoliang
Published: September 2021

This article outlines the research progress on radiocarbon (14C) dating of the Erlitou site. The Erlitou site, belonging to the Bronze Age, located in Yanshi, Henan province, China, was discovered by archaeologists in 1959 when they investigated the Xia people’s remains in the area where the Xia people lived according to the records of ancient documents. Since then, there has been a standing debate about whether the site belongs to the Xia or Shang dynasty. By the mid-1990s, several hundred discussion articles on the issue had been published, but the question was still unresolved. Therefore, evidence from the chronology has attracted a great amount of attention. The dating of the Erlitou site began in the 1970s, and since the Xia-Shang-Zhou Chronology Project began in the mid-1990s, by application of wiggle-matching on the basis of improving the dating accuracy, the date of the Erlitou site has gradually become clear, which provides a basis for the archaeological research on the Xia and Shang dynasties.
Cervical lymphadenopathy following coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine: clinical characteristics and implications for head and neck cancer services
Authors: Abou-Foul A K , Ross E , Abou-Foul M , George A P
Published: September 2021

Objective

Patients with coronavirus disease vaccine associated lymphadenopathy are increasingly being referred to healthcare services. This work is the first to report on the incidence, clinical course and imaging features of coronavirus disease vaccine associated cervical lymphadenopathy, with special emphasis on the implications for head and neck cancer services.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of all patients referred to our head and neck cancer clinics between 16 December 2020 and 12 March 2021. The main outcomes measured were the proportion of patients with vaccine-associated cervical lymphadenopathy, and the clinical and imaging characteristics.

Results

The incidence of vaccine-associated cervical lymphadenopathy referrals was 14.8 per cent (n = 13). Five patients (38.5 per cent) had abnormal-looking enlarged and rounded nodes with increased vascularity. Only seven patients (53.9 per cent) reported full resolution within an average of 3.1 ± 2.3 weeks.

Conclusion

Coronavirus disease vaccine associated cervical lymphadenopathy can mimic malignant lymphadenopathy and therefore might prove challenging to diagnose and manage correctly. Healthcare services may encounter a significant increase in referrals.
The Show Must Go On
Authors: Klebe Laura , Klug Katharina , Felfe Jörg
Published: September 2021

Abstract. By disrupting routines at work, the Covid-19 pandemic may have undermined the extent and effectiveness of health-oriented leadership (HoL) in terms of staff-care and self-care. In a survey with two measurement points in the spring of 2020 ( Nt1=264; Nt2=123), we examined whether the stronger the crisis the lower HoL is, while becoming more effective in terms of follower health. Crisis severity turned out to be indirectly related to exhaustion via staff-care and self-care. Staff-care was more effective for follower health the stronger the crisis was. The results were largely supported in a subsample when exhaustion was measured 1 week later. Moreover, the Covid-19 pandemic was indirectly related to crisis severity via hindrance stressors. Findings underline that staff-care was jeopardized but gained in importance during the pandemic. By displaying staff-care, leaders can buffer negative crisis effects on followers. Organizations should strengthen HoL to protect the health of both leaders and followers during crises.
Comparative Research on Noise Reduction of Transient Electromagnetic Signals Based on Empirical Mode Decomposition and Variational Mode Decomposition
Authors: Wei Huiru , Qi Tingye , Feng Guorui , Jiang Haina
Published: September 2021

Transient electromagnetic (TEM) detection has been widely used in the fields of mineral resources exploration, hydrogeological survey and engineering survey, but electromagnetic interference can lead to late signal distortion, so it has become an urgent problem to suppress the electromagnetic noise of TEM signal and improve the interpretation accuracy of TEM signal. For the first time, this paper introduces the approach of variational mode decomposition (VMD) into the field of TEM signal‐noise reduction. The half homogeneous space model and the three‐layer earth model were constructed to compare the noise reduction effect of the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) approach and the VMD approach on the three main noises (random noise, power frequency noise, and sferics noise) in the TEM signal. The results are compared with the wavelet threshold denoising approach to verify the superiority of the VMD approach relative to the EMD approach. The results show that the VMD approach is better than the decomposition result of the EMD approach in the signal‐noise separation of TEM signals. In addition, the VMD approach is applied to the measured TEM data in a region in southern Shanxi Province, which effectively improves the quality of TEM signals. This indicates that the VMD approach is expected to be used for signal interference suppression in the field of TEM detection in the future.
Time‐Fractional Flow Equations (t‐FFEs) to Upscale Transient Groundwater Flow Characterized by Temporally Non‐Darcian Flow Due to Medium Heterogeneity
Authors: Xia Yuan , Zhang Yong , Green Christopher T. , Fogg Graham E.
Published: September 2021

Upscaling groundwater flow is a fundamental challenge in hydrogeology. This study proposed time‐fractional flow equations (t‐FFEs) for upscaling long‐term, transient groundwater flow and propagation of pressure heads in heterogeneous media. Monte Carlo simulations showed that, with increasing variance and correlation of the hydraulic conductivity (K), flow dynamics gradually deviated from Darcian flow and exhibit sub‐diffusive, time‐dependent evolution which can be separated into three major stages. At the early stage, the interconnected high‐K zones dominated flow, while at intermediate times, the transverse flow due to mixed high‐ and low‐K zones caused delayed rise of the piezometric head. At late times when flow in the relatively high‐K domains reached stability, cells with very low‐K continued to block the entry of water and generate “islands” with low piezometric head, significantly extending the temporal evolution of the piezometric head. The elongated water breakthrough curve cannot be quantified by the flow equation with an effective K, the space‐fractional flow equation, or the multi‐rate mass transfer (MRMT) flow model with a few rates, motivating the development of t‐FFEs assuming temporally non‐Darcian flow. Model applications showed that both the early and intermediate stages of flow dynamics can be captured by a single‐index t‐FFE (whose index is the exponent of the power‐law probability density function of the random operational time for water parcels), but the overall evolution of flow dynamics, especially the enhanced retention of flow at later times, required a distributed‐order t‐FFE with variable indexes for different flow phases that can dominate flow dynamics at different stages. Therefore, transient groundwater flow in aquifers with spatially stationary heterogeneity can be temporally non‐Darcian and non‐stationary, due to the time‐sensitive, combined effects of interconnected high‐K channels and isolated low‐K deposits on flow dynamics (which is the hydrogeological mechanism for the temporally non‐Darcian flow and sub‐diffusive pressure propagation), whose long‐term behavior can be quantified by multi‐index stochastic models.
Etna Under Pressure: Does Gas Buildup Foreshadow Eruption?
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: September 2021

Pressure from both magma and gas can trigger eruptions. Monitoring degassing can help predict eruptions but only if the magma system is well understood first.
Contrasting Estuarine Processing of Dissolved Organic Matter Derived From Natural and Human‐Impacted Landscapes
Authors: García‐Martín E. Elena , Sanders Richard , Evans Chris D. , Kitidis Vassilis , Lapworth Dan J. , Rees Andrew P. , Spears Bryan M. , Tye Andy , Williamson Jennifer L. , Balfour Chris , Best Mike , Bowes Michael , Breimann Sarah , Brown Ian J. , Burden Annette , Callaghan Nathan , Felgate Stacey L. , Fishwick James , Fraser Mike , Gibb Stuart W. , Gilbert Pete J. , Godsell Nina , Gomez‐Castillo Africa P. , Hargreaves Geoff , Jones Oban , Kennedy Paul , Lichtschlag Anna , Martin Adrian , May Rebecca , Mawji Edward , Mounteney Ian , Nightingale Philip D. , Olszewska Justyna P. , Painter Stuart C. , Pearce Christopher R. , Pereira M. Glória , Peel Kate , Pickard Amy , Stephens John A. , Stinchcombe Mark , Williams Peter , Woodward E. Malcolm S. , Yarrow Deborah , Mayor Daniel J.
Published: September 2021

The flux of terrigenous organic carbon through estuaries is an important and changing, yet poorly understood, component of the global carbon cycle. Using dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and fluorescence data from 13 British estuaries draining catchments with highly variable land uses, we show that land use strongly influences the fate of DOC across the land ocean transition via its influence on the composition and lability of the constituent dissolved organic matter (DOM). In estuaries draining peatland‐dominated catchments, DOC was highly correlated with biologically refractory “humic‐like” terrigenous material which tended to be conservatively transported along the salinity gradient. In contrast, there was a weaker correlation between DOC and DOM components within estuaries draining catchments with a high degree of human impact, that is, relatively larger percentage of arable and (sub)urban land uses. These arable and (sub)urban estuaries contain a high fraction of bioavailable “protein‐like” material that behaved nonconservatively, with both DOC removals and additions occurring. In general, estuaries draining catchments with a high percentage of peatland (≥18%) have higher area‐specific estuarine exports of DOC (>13 g C m−2 yr−1) compared to those estuaries draining catchments with a high percentage (≥46%) of arable and (sub)urban land uses (<2.1 g C m−2 yr−1). Our data indicate that these arable and (sub)urban estuaries tend to export, on average, ∼50% more DOC to coastal areas than they receive from rivers due to net anthropogenic derived organic matter inputs within the estuary.
Continuous Recording of Viscoelastic Relaxation Processes at a Constant Ultrasonic Frequency Due To Wave‐Induced Fluid Flow in a Microporous Carbonate Rock
Authors: Geremia Davide , David Christian
Published: September 2021

In a set of water injection, imbibition and drying tests on the Obourg Chalk, relaxation processes induced by variations in water saturation were continuously recorded at a constant ultrasonic frequency, with a peak in attenuation concomitant to a velocity increase from a lower to an upper bound. This behavior is well described by standard viscoelastic models, considering a continuously changing relaxation frequency which at water saturation above 80% matches the frequency of our ultrasonic pulse generator. Using a patchy saturation model, we show that the heterogeneity in fluid distribution is responsible for this relaxation phenomenon which could be observed at the ultrasonic frequency, thanks to the very fine scale of the rock microstructure combining low permeability and high porosity. We believe that our detailed data set can feed new models or help improve existing ones for a better understanding of wave‐induced fluid flow processes in reservoir rocks.
Non‐Maxwellianity of Electron Distributions Near Earth's Magnetopause
Authors: Graham D. B. , Khotyaintsev Yu V. , André M. , Vaivads A. , Chasapis A. , Matthaeus W. H. , Retinò A. , Valentini F. , Gershman D. J.
Published: September 2021

Plasmas in Earth's outer magnetosphere, magnetosheath, and solar wind are essentially collisionless. This means particle distributions are not typically in thermodynamic equilibrium and deviate significantly from Maxwellian distributions. The deviations of these distributions can be further enhanced by plasma processes, such as shocks, turbulence, and magnetic reconnection. Such distributions can be unstable to a wide variety of kinetic plasma instabilities, which in turn modify the electron distributions. In this paper, the deviation of the observed electron distributions from a bi‐Maxwellian distribution function is calculated and quantified using data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft. A statistical study from tens of millions of electron distributions shows that the primary source of the observed non‐Maxwellianity is electron distributions consisting of distinct hot and cold components in Earth's low‐density magnetosphere. This results in large non‐Maxwellianities at low densities. However, after performing a statistical study we find regions where large non‐Maxwellianities are observed for a given density. Highly non‐Maxwellian distributions are routinely found at Earth's bowshock, in Earth's outer magnetosphere and in the electron diffusion regions of magnetic reconnection. Enhanced non‐Maxwellianities are observed in the turbulent magnetosheath, but are intermittent and are typically not correlated with local processes. The causes of enhanced non‐Maxwellianities are investigated.
Early Habitability and Crustal Decarbonation of a Stagnant‐Lid Venus
Authors: Höning Dennis , Baumeister Philipp , Grenfell John Lee , Tosi Nicola , Way Michael J.
Published: September 2021

Little is known about the early evolution of Venus and a potential habitable period during the first 1 billion years. In particular, it remains unclear whether or not plate tectonics and an active carbonate‐silicate cycle were present. In the presence of liquid water but without plate tectonics, weathering would have been limited to freshly produced basaltic crust, with an early carbon cycle restricted to the crust and atmosphere. With the evaporation of surface water, weathering would cease. With ongoing volcanism, carbonate sediments would be buried and sink downwards. Thereby, carbonates would heat up until they become unstable and the crust would become depleted in carbonates. With supply to the atmosphere the surface temperature rises further, the depth below which decarbonation occurs decreases, causing the release of even more . We assess the habitable period of an early stagnant‐lid Venus by employing a coupled interior‐atmosphere evolution model accounting for degassing, weathering, carbonate burial, and crustal decarbonation. We find that if initial surface conditions allow for liquid water, weathering can keep the planet habitable for up to 900 Myr, followed by evaporation of water and rapid crustal carbonate depletion. For the atmospheric of stagnant‐lid exoplanets, we predict a bimodal distribution, depending on whether or not these planets experienced a runaway greenhouse in their history. Planets with high atmospheric could be associated with crustal carbonate depletion as a consequence of a runaway greenhouse, whereas planets with low atmospheric would indicate active silicate weathering and thereby a habitable climate.
Post-transcriptional screen of cancer amplified genes identifies ERBB2/Her2 signaling as AU-rich mRNA stability-promoting pathway
Authors: Al-Matouq Jenan , Al-Haj Latifa , Al-Saif Maher , Khabar Khalid S. A.
Published: September 2021

Amplification of specific cancer genes leads to their over-expression contributing to tumor growth, spread, and drug resistance. Little is known about the ability of these amplified oncogenes to augment the expression of cancer genes through post-transcriptional control. The AU-rich elements (ARE)-mediated mRNA decay is compromised for many key cancer genes leading to their increased abundance and effects. Here, we performed a post-transcriptional screen for frequently amplified cancer genes demonstrating that ERBB2/Her2 overexpression was able to augment the post-transcriptional effects. The ERBB1/2 inhibitor, lapatinib, led to the reversal of the aberrant ARE-mediated process in ERBB2-amplified breast cancer cells. The intersection of overexpressed genes associated with ERBB2 amplification in TCGA datasets with ARE database (ARED) identified ERBB2-associated gene cluster. Many of these genes were over-expressed in the ERBB2-positive SKBR3 cells compared to MCF10A normal-like cells, and were under-expressed due to ERBB2 siRNA treatment. Lapatinib accelerated the ARE-mRNA decay for several ERBB2-regulated genes. The ERBB2 inhibitor decreased both the abundance and stability of the phosphorylated inactive form of the mRNA decay-promoting protein, tristetraprolin (ZFP36/TTP). The ERBB2 siRNA was also able to reduce the phosphorylated ZFP36/TTP form. In contrast, ectopic expression of ERBB2 in MCF10A or HEK293 cells led to increased abundance of the phosphorylated ZFP36/TTP. The effect of ERBB2 on TTP phosphorylation appeared to be mediated via the MAPK-MK2 pathway. Screening for the impact of other amplified cancer genes in HEK293 cells also demonstrated that EGFR, AKT2, CCND1, CCNE1, SKP2, and FGFR3 caused both increased abundance of phosphorylated ZFP36/TTP and ARE-post-transcriptional reporter activity. Thus, specific amplified oncogenes dysregulate post-transcriptional ARE-mediated effects, and targeting the ARE-mediated pathway itself may provide alternative therapeutic approaches.
Single-cell immune profiling reveals distinct immune response in asymptomatic COVID-19 patients
Authors: Zhao Xiang-Na , You Yue , Cui Xiao-Ming , Gao Hui-Xia , Wang Guo-Lin , Zhang Sheng-Bo , Yao Lin , Duan Li-Jun , Zhu Ka-Li , Wang Yu-Ling , Li Li , Lu Jian-Hua , Wang Hai-Bin , Fan Jing-Fang , Zheng Huan-Wei , Dai Er-Hei , Tian Lu-Yi , Ma Mai-Juan
Published: September 2021

While some individuals infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) present mild-to-severe disease, many SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals are asymptomatic. We sought to identify the distinction of immune response between asymptomatic and moderate patients. We performed single-cell transcriptome and T-cell/B-cell receptor (TCR/BCR) sequencing in 37 longitudinal collected peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from asymptomatic, moderate, and severe patients with healthy controls. Asymptomatic patients displayed increased CD56briCD16−natural killer (NK) cells and upregulation of interferon-gamma in effector CD4+and CD8+T cells and NK cells. They showed more robust TCR clonal expansion, especially in effector CD4+T cells, but lack strong BCR clonal expansion compared to moderate patients. Moreover, asymptomatic patients have lower interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) expression in general but large interpatient variability, whereas moderate patients showed various magnitude and temporal dynamics of the ISGs expression across multiple cell populations but lower than a patient with severe disease. Our data provide evidence of different immune signatures to SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic infections.
Electrophysiological biomarkers of behavioral dimensions from cross-species paradigms
Authors: Cavanagh James F. , Gregg David , Light Gregory A. , Olguin Sarah L. , Sharp Richard F. , Bismark Andrew W. , Bhakta Savita G. , Swerdlow Neal R. , Brigman Jonathan L. , Young Jared W.
Published: September 2021

There has been a fundamental failure to translate preclinically supported research into clinically efficacious treatments for psychiatric disorders. One of the greatest impediments toward improving this species gap has been the difficulty of identifying translatable neurophysiological signals that are related to specific behavioral constructs. Here, we present evidence from three paradigms that were completed by humans and mice using analogous procedures, with each task eliciting candidate a priori defined electrophysiological signals underlying effortful motivation, reinforcement learning, and cognitive control. The effortful motivation was assessed using a progressive ratio breakpoint task, yielding a similar decrease in alpha-band activity over time in both species. Reinforcement learning was assessed via feedback in a probabilistic learning task with delta power significantly modulated by reward surprise in both species. Additionally, cognitive control was assessed in the five-choice continuous performance task, yielding response-locked theta power seen across species, and modulated by difficulty in humans. Together, these successes, and also the teachings from these failures, provide a roadmap towards the use of electrophysiology as a method for translating findings from the preclinical assays to the clinical settings.
PRMT5 regulates cell pyroptosis by silencing CASP1 in multiple myeloma
Authors: Xia Tian , Liu Ming , Zhao Quan , Ouyang Jian , Xu Peipei , Chen Bing
Published: September 2021

Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), a histone methyltransferase responsible for the symmetric dimethylation of histone H4 on Arg 3 (H4R3me2s), is an enzyme that participates in tumor cell progression in a variety of hematological malignancies. However, the biological functions of PRMT5 in multiple myeloma (MM) and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we conducted a bioinformatics analysis and found that PRMT5 expression was significantly upregulated in MM. In vitro and in vivo phenotypic experiments revealed that knockdown of PRMT5 expression enhanced cell pyroptosis in MM. Moreover, we found that CASP1 expression was negatively correlated with PRMT5 expression, and repressing PRMT5 expression rescued both the phenotype and expression markers (N-GSDMD, IL-1b, and IL-18). Inhibition of PRMT5 activity increased CASP1 expression and promoted MM cell pyroptosis. Finally, high expression of PRMT5 or low expression of CASP1 was correlated with poor overall survival in MM. Collectively, our results provide a mechanism by which PRMT5 regulates cell pyroptosis by silencing CASP1 in MM.
Bicc1 and Dicer regulate left-right patterning through post-transcriptional control of the Nodal inhibitor Dand5
Authors: Maerker Markus , Getwan Maike , Dowdle Megan E. , McSheene Jason C. , Gonzalez Vanessa , Pelliccia José L. , Hamilton Danielle S. , Yartseva Valeria , Vejnar Charles , Tingler Melanie , Minegishi Katsura , Vick Philipp , Giraldez Antonio J. , Hamada Hiroshi , Burdine Rebecca D. , Sheets Michael D. , Blum Martin , Schweickert Axel
Published: September 2021

Rotating cilia at the vertebrate left-right organizer (LRO) generate an asymmetric leftward flow, which is sensed by cells at the left LRO margin. Ciliary activity of the calcium channel Pkd2 is crucial for flow sensing. How this flow signal is further processed and relayed to the laterality-determining Nodal cascade in the left lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) is largely unknown. We previously showed that flow down-regulates mRNA expression of the Nodal inhibitor Dand5 in left sensory cells. De-repression of the co-expressed Nodal, complexed with the TGFß growth factor Gdf3, drives LPM Nodal cascade induction. Here, we show that post-transcriptional repression of dand5 is a central process in symmetry breaking of Xenopus, zebrafish and mouse. The RNA binding protein Bicc1 was identified as a post-transcriptional regulator of dand5 and gdf3 via their 3′-UTRs. Two distinct Bicc1 functions on dand5 mRNA were observed at pre- and post-flow stages, affecting mRNA stability or flow induced translational inhibition, respectively. To repress dand5, Bicc1 co-operates with Dicer1, placing both proteins in the process of flow sensing. Intriguingly, Bicc1 mediated translational repression of a dand5 3′-UTR mRNA reporter was responsive to pkd2, suggesting that a flow induced Pkd2 signal triggers Bicc1 mediated dand5 inhibition during symmetry breakage.
A human liver cell-based system modeling a clinical prognostic liver signature for therapeutic discovery
Authors: Crouchet Emilie , Bandiera Simonetta , Fujiwara Naoto , Li Shen , El Saghire Hussein , Fernández-Vaquero Mirian , Riedl Tobias , Sun Xiaochen , Hirschfield Hadassa , Jühling Frank , Zhu Shijia , Roehlen Natascha , Ponsolles Clara , Heydmann Laura , Saviano Antonio , Qian Tongqi , Venkatesh Anu , Lupberger Joachim , Verrier Eloi R. , Sojoodi Mozhdeh , Oudot Marine A. , Duong François H. T. , Masia Ricard , Wei Lan , Thumann Christine , Durand Sarah C. , González-Motos Victor , Heide Danijela , Hetzer Jenny , Nakagawa Shigeki , Ono Atsushi , Song Won-Min , Higashi Takaaki , Sanchez Roberto , Kim Rosa S. , Bian C. Billie , Kiani Karun , Croonenborghs Tom , Subramanian Aravind , Chung Raymond T. , Straub Beate K. , Schuppan Detlef , Ankavay Maliki , Cocquerel Laurence , Schaeffer Evelyne , Goossens Nicolas , Koh Anna P. , Mahajan Milind , Nair Venugopalan D. , Gunasekaran Ganesh , Schwartz Myron E. , Bardeesy Nabeel , Shalek Alex K. , Rozenblatt-Rosen Orit , Regev Aviv , Felli Emanuele , Pessaux Patrick , Tanabe Kenneth K. , Heikenwälder Mathias , Schuster Catherine , Pochet Nathalie , Zeisel Mirjam B. , Fuchs Bryan C. , Hoshida Yujin , Baumert Thomas F.
Published: September 2021

Chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are life-threatening diseases with limited treatment options. The lack of clinically relevant/tractable experimental models hampers therapeutic discovery. Here, we develop a simple and robust human liver cell-based system modeling a clinical prognostic liver signature (PLS) predicting long-term liver disease progression toward HCC. Using the PLS as a readout, followed by validation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis/fibrosis/HCC animal models and patient-derived liver spheroids, we identify nizatidine, a histamine receptor H2 (HRH2) blocker, for treatment of advanced liver disease and HCC chemoprevention. Moreover, perturbation studies combined with single cell RNA-Seq analyses of patient liver tissues uncover hepatocytes and HRH2+, CLEC5Ahigh, MARCOlow liver macrophages as potential nizatidine targets. The PLS model combined with single cell RNA-Seq of patient tissues enables discovery of urgently needed targets and therapeutics for treatment of advanced liver disease and cancer prevention.
Diel cycle of sea spray aerosol concentration
Authors: Flores J. Michel , Bourdin Guillaume , Kostinski Alexander B. , Altaratz Orit , Dagan Guy , Lombard Fabien , Haëntjens Nils , Boss Emmanuel , Sullivan Matthew B. , Gorsky Gabriel , Lang-Yona Naama , Trainic Miri , Romac Sarah , Voolstra Christian R. , Rudich Yinon , Vardi Assaf , Koren Ilan
Published: September 2021

Sea spray aerosol (SSA) formation have a major role in the climate system, but measurements at a global-scale of this micro-scale process are highly challenging. We measured high-resolution temporal patterns of SSA number concentration over the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and the Pacific Ocean covering over 42,000 km. We discovered a ubiquitous 24-hour rhythm to the SSA number concentration, with concentrations increasing after sunrise, remaining higher during the day, and returning to predawn values after sunset. The presence of dominating continental aerosol transport can mask the SSA cycle. We did not find significant links between the diel cycle of SSA number concentration and diel variations of surface winds, atmospheric physical properties, radiation, pollution, nor oceanic physical properties. However, the daily mean sea surface temperature positively correlated with the magnitude of the day-to-nighttime increase in SSA concentration. Parallel diel patterns in particle sizes were also detected in near-surface waters attributed to variations in the size of particles smaller than ~1 µm. These variations may point to microbial day-to-night modulation of bubble-bursting dynamics as a possible cause of the SSA cycle.
Pericyte-derived fibrotic scarring is conserved across diverse central nervous system lesions
Authors: Dias David O. , Kalkitsas Jannis , Kelahmetoglu Yildiz , Estrada Cynthia P. , Tatarishvili Jemal , Holl Daniel , Jansson Linda , Banitalebi Shervin , Amiry-Moghaddam Mahmood , Ernst Aurélie , Huttner Hagen B. , Kokaia Zaal , Lindvall Olle , Brundin Lou , Frisén Jonas , Göritz Christian
Published: September 2021

Fibrotic scar tissue limits central nervous system regeneration in adult mammals. The extent of fibrotic tissue generation and distribution of stromal cells across different lesions in the brain and spinal cord has not been systematically investigated in mice and humans. Furthermore, it is unknown whether scar-forming stromal cells have the same origin throughout the central nervous system and in different types of lesions. In the current study, we compared fibrotic scarring in human pathological tissue and corresponding mouse models of penetrating and non-penetrating spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke, multiple sclerosis and glioblastoma. We show that the extent and distribution of stromal cells are specific to the type of lesion and, in most cases, similar between mice and humans. Employing in vivo lineage tracing, we report that in all mouse models that develop fibrotic tissue, the primary source of scar-forming fibroblasts is a discrete subset of perivascular cells, termed type A pericytes. Perivascular cells with a type A pericyte marker profile also exist in the human brain and spinal cord. We uncover type A pericyte-derived fibrosis as a conserved mechanism that may be explored as a therapeutic target to improve recovery after central nervous system lesions.
Activation mechanism of human soluble guanylate cyclase by stimulators and activators
Authors: Liu Rui , Kang Yunlu , Chen Lei
Published: September 2021

Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is the receptor for nitric oxide (NO) in human. It is an important validated drug target for cardiovascular diseases. sGC can be pharmacologically activated by stimulators and activators. However, the detailed structural mechanisms, through which sGC is recognized and positively modulated by these drugs at high spacial resolution, are poorly understood. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of human sGC in complex with NO and sGC stimulators, YC-1 and riociguat, and also in complex with the activator cinaciguat. These structures uncover the molecular details of how stimulators interact with residues from both β H-NOX and CC domains, to stabilize sGC in the extended active conformation. In contrast, cinaciguat occupies the haem pocket in the β H-NOX domain and sGC shows both inactive and active conformations. These structures suggest a converged mechanism of sGC activation by pharmacological compounds.
The cichlid oral and pharyngeal jaws are evolutionarily and genetically coupled
Authors: Conith Andrew J. , Albertson R. Craig
Published: September 2021

Evolutionary constraints may significantly bias phenotypic change, while “breaking” from such constraints can lead to expanded ecological opportunity. Ray-finned fishes have broken functional constraints by developing two jaws (oral-pharyngeal), decoupling prey capture (oral jaw) from processing (pharyngeal jaw). It is hypothesized that the oral and pharyngeal jaws represent independent evolutionary modules and this facilitated diversification in feeding architectures. Here we test this hypothesis in African cichlids. Contrary to our expectation, we find integration between jaws at multiple evolutionary levels. Next, we document integration at the genetic level, and identify a candidate gene, smad7, within a pleiotropic locus for oral and pharyngeal jaw shape that exhibits correlated expression between the two tissues. Collectively, our data show that African cichlid evolutionary success has occurred within the context of a coupled jaw system, an attribute that may be driving adaptive evolution in this iconic group by facilitating rapid shifts between foraging habitats, providing an advantage in a stochastic environment such as the East African Rift-Valley.
Aerodynamics-assisted, efficient and scalable kirigami fog collectors
Authors: Li Jing , Ran Ranjiangshang , Wang Haihuan , Wang Yuchen , Chen You , Niu Shichao , Arratia Paulo E. , Yang Shu
Published: September 2021

To address the global water shortage crisis, one of the promising solutions is to collect freshwater from the environmental resources such as fog. However, the efficiency of conventional fog collectors remains low due to the viscous drag of fog-laden wind deflected around the collecting surface. Here, we show that the three-dimensional and centimetric kirigami structures can control the wind flow, forming quasi-stable counter-rotating vortices. The vortices regulate the trajectories of incoming fog clusters and eject extensive droplets to the substrate. As the characteristic structural length is increased to the size of vortices, we greatly reduce the dependence of fog collection on the structural delicacy. Together with gravity-directed gathering by the folds, the kirigami fog collector yields a collection efficiency of 16.1% at a low wind speed of 0.8 m/s and is robust against surface characteristics. The collection efficiency is maintained even on a 1 m2 collector in an outdoor setting.