bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF GOSSYPOL ON GROWTH OF THE COTTON BOLLWORM AND DEVELOPMENT OF ITS PARASITOID CAMPOLETIS CHLORIDEAE*
Authors: Wang Chenzhu , Yang Qihua , Zhou Mingzang
Published: April 2008

Abstract The effects of gossypol, an important allelochemical in cotton, on growth of the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and development of its endoparasitoid Campoletis chlorideae (Uchida) in Huanghe River Valley were studied. Growth of H. armigera larvae was accelerated by adding 0.1% gossypol in the artificial diet, causing 10.75% reduction of the vulnerable period to C. chlorideae while the suppression activity of 0. 5 % gossypol to H. armigera larvae prolonged the vulnerable period by 28.15%. Negative effects of gossypol on the development of the parasitoid were demonstrated by using the artificial diet and cotton varieties WD‐151 (glandless) and HG‐BR‐8 (glanded). Gossypol at 0.1% concentration in artificial diet did not remarkably increase the body weight of adult wasp, but significantly extended the egg‐larval time and shortened the pupal time; 0. 5% gossypol and HG‐BR‐8 remarkably reduced the body weight of adult wasp, also significantly prolonged the egg‐larval period and decreased the pupal period. Finally, the coordinate application of high gossypol resistant cotton varieties and C. chlorideae in H. armigera control is discussed.
A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS HOMIDIA FROM ANHUI PROVINCE CHINA (COLLEMBOLA:ENTOMOBRYIDAE)*
Authors: Li Liuru , Chen Jianxiu
Published: April 2008

Abstract The present paper deals with the description of a new collembolan species, Hwnidia an‐huiensis, which shares some characters with H. speciosa Szeptycki 1973. However, it can be distinguished from the latter by the chaetotaxy of the fourth abdominal segment, the absence of labrial papillae, and the presence of ciliations of labial triangular seta E.
A NEW SPECIES OF ARRHOPALITES FROM MT. CHANGBAI, CHINA (COLLEMBOLA:SMINTHURIDAE)*
Authors: Wu Min , Zhong Weiyan
Published: April 2008

Abstract A new species, Arrhopalites chungbaishanensis is described from Mt. Changbai, northeast China. The present species shares some characters with A. octacanthus, but it differs from the latter by the number of vertical thick spines and manubrial dorsal setae, types of dental setae and the absence of tunica on unguis. In comparison with the other congeneric species, the mast striking character of the present species is its special shapes of the C‐series setae besetting on sixth abdominal segment.
A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS DEUDORIX HEWITSON FROM CHINA (LEPIDOPTERA:RHOPALOCERA)
Authors: Wang Min , Chou) Yao Zhou (Io
Published: April 2008

Abstract A new species of Lycaenidae, Deudorix pseudorapaloides Wang et Chou from Guangxi Province is described and illustrated. The new species is allied to Deudorix rapaloides Naritomi from Taiwan Province, China, but can be separable from the latter by wing pattern and male genitalia.
SEX PHEROMONE OF THE FEMALE MOTHS CYDIA TRASIAS MEYRICK: IDENTIFICATION OF AN ACTIVE COMPONENT AND FIELD TRIALS*
Authors: Fu Xiaoyan , Meng Xianzuo
Published: April 2008

Abstract An active component of the female sex pheromone of Chinese locust moth, Cydia Trash Meyrick, was identified as (E, E)‐8, 10‐dodecadienyl acetate (E8, E10–12:Ac) by GC, GC—MS analyses and microchemical reactions. The results of field trials showed that synthetic E8, E10—‐12: Ac was very attractive to the male moths.
A NEW AND PRACTICAL ARTIFICIAL DIET FOR THE COTTON BOLL‐WORM*
Authors: Wu Kunjun , Gong Peiyu
Published: April 2008

Abstract A new and practical artificial diet for the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), containing canned tomato paste has been developed. The developmental duration of larvae fed on the diet was greatly shortened because most of them only went through 5 stadia before pupation. To add certain amount of mung bean flour to partly substitute for wheat germ in the diet was beneficial to the adult reproduction. During rearing period of 12 successive generations, 87. 5%‐98. 7% of the larvae survived and only less than 5 % of the pupae failed to emerge. The number of egg laid by the adults of the 11th generation averaged about 1 000/female, with a hatching rate of 86. 5%. These results suggested that the vitality of the cotton bollworm did not decline obviously after reared with the diet for two years.
TAXONOMICAL STUDIES ON ARGIDAE (HYMENOPTERA) OF CHINA— A NEW GENUS AND FIVE NEW SPECIES OF STERIC‐TIPHORINAE*
Authors: Wei Meicai
Published: April 2008

Abstract A key is given for the known Palaearctic and Oriental genera of the family Argidae including a new genus from China. Ortasiceros gen. nov. with five new species, O. nigriceps sp. nov., O. zhengi sp. nov., O. breoicornis sp. nov., O. curvata sp. nov. and O. elevata sp. nov. are described and figured. A new tribe, Ortasicerini trib. nov., is erected for the new genus and Copidocerus Forsius 1921. The type specimens are deposited in the Insect Collection of Central South Forestry University, Zhuzhou, China.
A STUDY ON PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG THE SUB‐GENERA OF BUMBLE BEES (HYMENOPTERA:APIDAE)
Authors: Chen Xiaolin , Wang Shufang
Published: April 2008

Abstract Phylogenetic relationships among the 28 subgenera of bumble bees were studied by using morphological and behavioral characters. The results suggest that the traditional Bombus Latreille and Psithyrus Lepeletier are monophyletic groups. However, the position of Mendacibombus in cladograms is different from that of the traditional view. In addition, according to their geographical distribution and relative relationships Eurasian—Asian group and Eurasian—American group are recognized for Bombus Latreille.
TWO NEW GENERA, FIVE NEW SPECIES AND ONE NEW SUBSPECIES OF FORDINAE (HOMOPTERA: PEMPHIGIDAE) FROM CHINA*
Authors: Zhang Guangxue , Qiao Gexia
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The present paper describes 2 new genera, viz:Dimelaphis Zhang, gen. nov and Siciforda Zhang, gen. nov, 5 new species viz: Chaetogeoica ulmidrupa Zhang sp. nov, D. obtusifalcata Zhang, sp. nov., Forda auralenta Zhang et Qiao, sp. nov., F. multicoma Zhang, sp. nov. and S. sexiarticulata Zhang, sp.nov. and 1 new subspecies Paracletus cimiciformis zhanhuanus Zhang, ssp. nov. from China. All type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica.
DOLICHOPODIDAE FROM SOUTHWESTERN CHINA— III: FOUR NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS TACHYTRECHUS (DIPTERA)*
Authors: Wei Lianmeng
Published: April 2008

Abstract  This paper describes four new species of the genus Tachytrechus Haliday 1851, from Guizhou in southwestern China, namely, T. absarista Wei, sp. nov., T. crysus Wei, sp. nov, T. crypsusoideus Wei, sp. nov. and T. modestus Wei, sp. nov. A key to all 9 named species is given. The type specimens are deposited in the author's collection.
A NEW SPECIES OF GENUS MESOCOMYS (HYMENOPTERA: EU‐PELMIDAE) FROM CHINA
Authors: Sheng Jinkun
Published: April 2008

Abstract  This paper deals with a new species of Mesocomys Cam. The Mesocomys aegeriae sp. nov. is described. Specimens of the new species is from Hancheng, Shaanxi Province and preserved in Jiangxi Agricultural University.
THREE NEW SPECIES AND A NEW RECORD SPECIES OF TRIBE PRENOLEPIDINI (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) FROM GUANGXI, CHINA
Authors: Zhou Shanyi , Zheng Zhemin
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Three new species of tribe Prenolepidini from Guangxi, China, are described, i. e. Prenolepis sphingthoraxa sp. nov. Prenolepis umbra sp. nov. and Paratrechina opisopthalmia sp. nov. A newly recorded species i. e. Paratrechina aseta (Forel) is reported.
OLFACTORY ORIENTATION OF THE PARASITOID WASP LYSIPHLEBUS FABARUM TO ITS HOST FOOD PLANTS1)
Authors: Zhang Ying , Guo Bingqun , Hou Zhaoyuan , Chen Xiong , Yan Fushun
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Lysiphlebus fabarum (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) is a generalist parasitic wasp species which can oviposit in several aphid species, including the bean aphid, Aphis craccivora (Homoptera Aphidinae), and the soybean aphid, A. glycines. The response of female L. fabarum and one of its host aphid species, A. glycines, to odors of undamaged host food plant (UD), mechanically damaged host food plant (MD), aphid‐damaged plant (AD+, with aphid on, and AD˜, aphid washed off), and host aphid alone were studied in a wind tunnel. The positive orientation frequency of L. fabarum, which emerged from Aphis craccivora, to AD+ and AD˜ was significantly greater than to the UD, MD. Similarily, L. fabarum that emerged from A. glycines significantly flew more often to AD+ than to UD and aphid alone. And there was no significant difference among the positive response frequency of L. fabarurn to UD, MD, and aphid alone. All these suggested that herbivore feeding induced the attraction of the damaged plant to natural enemy of herbivore. It is also found that the condition of soybean seedling, being damaged or undamaged, did not have direct impact on host plant location of aphid.
FIRST RECORD OF FOSSIL CRICKETS (ORTHOPTERA:TRIGONIDIIDAE) FROM CHINA*
Authors: Ren Dong
Published: April 2008

Abstract  A new genus and a new species of fossil nemobiins, Liaonemobius tanae gen. et sp. nov., are described and illustrated. This is the first record of fossil cricket from China. All the specimens described here were collected from the Late Jurassic Yixian Formation of West Liaoning, China, and now are deposited in the National Geological Museum of China, Beijing.
NOTES ON A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF MACROSIPHINAE (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)FROM CHINA*
Authors: Zhang Guangxue , Chen Xiaolin
Published: April 2008

Abstract  In this paper, a new genus, Chusiphuncula Zhang and new species, Chusiphuncula sorbarisucta Zhang, is recognized according to its unique morphological character combinations. The new genus is closely related to Rhopalosiphoninus Baker, but differs from the latter in: 1)head with lateral frontal tubercles smooth (rough in Rhopalosiphoninus); 2)siphunculus 0. 36× as long as body (0. 20–0. 33 in Rhopalosiphoninus); 3)cauda pentagonal (triangular in Rhopalosiphoninus) and 4)alate viviparous female with 7 secondary rhinaria on antennal segment (more than 10 in Rhopalosiphoninus). The type specimens are deposited in Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica.
TWO NEW RECORD GENERA AND THREE NEW SPECIES OF FORMICIDAE (HYMENOPTERA) FROM CHINA *
Authors: Xu Zhenghui
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Three new species of the family Formicidae were discovered in Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve of Southern Yunnan, China, i.e. Emeryopone melaina sp. nov., Myopias conicara sp. nov. and Myrmoteras cuneonodum sp. nov. Emeryopone Forel and Mymoteras Forel are new record genera in China. Myopias Roger is recorded in mainland of China for the first time.
PHILIDRIS (HYMENOPTERA:FORMICIDAE), A GENUS NEW TO CHINA, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES
Authors: Zhou Shanyi , Zheng Zhemin
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The genus Philidris Shattuck is recorded in China for the first time, and a new species i. e. P. notiala sp. nov. is described in the present paper.
ANALYSIS ON LIFE TABLE OF ORGANOPHOSPHATE‐RESISTANT STRAINS OF CULEX PIPIENS PALLENS
Authors: Wang Jinfu , Lu Shaohong , Chen Rui , Wang Lingling
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Effects of dipterex, temephos and chlorpyrifos resistance on the relative fitness in Culex pipiens pallens were evaluated in terms of developmental and reproductive characteristics. Life tables of Dip‐R (dipterex), Tem‐R (temephos), Chl‐R (chlorpyrifos) resistant strains and susceptible strain (S) were also constructed to determine the relative fitness by the net reproductive rates (r). The results indicated that three OP‐resistant strains possessed reproductive and developmental disadvantages involving in bloodsucking ratio, average oviposition rate and survival ratio relative to the S strain. The Dip‐R, Tem‐R and Chl‐R strains had the relative fitness value of 0. 542, 0. 631 and 0.618, respectively.
EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF INSECT COMMUNITY ON PINE CATERPILLAR DENSITY IN DIFFERENT STAND CONDITIONS
Authors: Li Tiansheng , Zhou Guofa , Wu Jian
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Natural enemies play an important role in inhibiting population growth of pine caterpillar, but they are difficult to be used in systematic management models. This paper attempts to use some forest stand factors to substitute the effect of natural enemies, which could be used in management models. Through the studies from more than 200 stand plots with different stand conditions in Qu County, Changshan County, and Longyou County of Zhejiang Province, 16 predominant species groups from insect community were selected, and the canonical correlation coefficient between the diversity index, species number, individual number of predominant species and the stand factors was analyzed. The results indicated that the canopy density and ground vegetation were the key stand factors for characterizing the function of insect community. The forest area was divided into four types according to the variation of canopy and vegetation conditions by using cluster analysis. The regression models between the rate of variation of pine caterpillar density and the forest factors including canopy density and vegetation covers were developed in each type of forests. There were significant differences in diversity index, species number, individual number of insect community and population density of pine caterpillar among four types of forests, and correlation coefficients of the four regression models were rather high (r=0. 924 — 0. 964). This means that the classification of the forest stands is reasonable and the stand factors can characterize the effect of natural enemies in practice.
STUDIES ON THE CHINESE COLEOPHORIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA): COLEOPHORA SALICORNIAE GROUP WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWELVE NEW SPECIES*
Authors: Li Houhun , Zheng Leyi
Published: April 2008

Abstract  This paper deals with twenty‐nine species of Coleophora salicorniae group of Coleophoridae. Among them, twelve species (Coleophora lativalva sp. nov., C. ossaedeaga sp. nov., C. pendulivalvula sp. nov., C. novisqualorella sp. nov., C. capitargentella sp. nov., C. curvidentatella sp. nov., C. dorsiproducta sp. nov., C. harbinensis sp. nov., C. xinjiangensis sp. nov…C. cuprea sp. nov., C. pallidiptera sp. nov. and C. resupina sp. nov.) are described as new to science and fifteen species are newly recorded from China. Carpochena halostachyos Falkovitsh is proposed as a synonym of Coleophora plicipunctella Chrètien. Genitalia of new species are illustrated and females of Coleophora armeniae Baldizzone et Patzak, C. carchara Falkovitsh and C. sequens Falkovitsh are described for the first time. A key to Chinese species of Coleophora salicorniae group is given.
LATE JURASSIC PALAEONTINIDS (HOMOPTERA: AUCHENOR‐RHYNCHA) FROM HEBEI AND LIAONING PROVINCES IN CHINA*
Authors: Ren Dong , Yin Jicai , Dou Wenxiu
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Two new genera and six new species of Palaeontinidae are named and described: Liaocossus hui gen. et sp. nov., L. beipiaoensis gen. et sp. nov., L. exiguus gen. et sp. nov., L. fengningensis gen. et sp. nov., L. pingquanensis gen. et sp. nov., and Miracossus ingentius gen. et sp. nov., The entire body of these new fossils are perfectly preserved and enable us to fix accurately the body characteristics of primitive palaeontinids. All the specimens were collected from Late Jurassic Yixian Formation of Northern Hebei and Western Liaoning Provinces in China.
ON THE BIOSYSTEMATICS OF ANOPHELES DIRUS COMPLEX (DIPTERA:CULICIDAE) IN CHINA*
Authors: Qu Fengyi , Xu Shubi , Xu Jiannong , Xu Xiaochun
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Anopheles dirus complex is a major malaria vector in Southeast Asia and South China. Rut the role played by different member of the species complex in malaria transmission is not clearly known. Correct identification of the sibling species is a foundational requirement for working out a sound scheme in mosquito biosystematics. This paper reports the resuets of biosystematic studies on the chromosomal karyotype, egg microstructure, ribosomal DNA sequences of a second internal transcribed spacer region and polymerase chain reactions of the complex in China. Specimens of species A and D from Hainan and Yunnan Provinces were carefully analyzed and the importance of development aspect of the mosquito biosystematics in malaria control is discussed.
THE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF IPM
Authors: Waage Jeff
Published: April 2008

Abstract  This paper is based on a presentation made to the International Conference of Integrated Pest Management (IPM), Guangzhou, June, 1998. It is intended to stimulate thinking, discussion and debate over the principles and strategies of IPM. Different visions on IPM and its future development can be found around the world, and even within countries. In this essay the author began by reviewing those visions of IPM, and then to suggest what common elements they share when IPM has proven to be a success. Finally the author discusses some outstanding challenges in successful IPM, in particular farmer‐participatory research in IPM and making IPM technology available to farmers. Farmer‐particeipatory IPM will be an essential element of the success of IPM in many regions and crops in the coming decades, and particularly with smallholders.
THE PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF SALTUSAPHIDINAE (HOMOPTERA:DREPANOSIPHIDAE)*
Authors: Zhang Guangxue , Qiao Gexia
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Phylogenetic analysis of Saltusaphidinae (Homoptera: Aphidoidea: Drepanosiphidae) was made by using 10 generic, 17 adult and 2 embryo characters. The results suggest alternative hypotheses: (1) Allaphis should be a subgenus of Thripsaphis; (2) Peltaphis should be an independent genus; (3) Stenaphis should be a subgenus of Subsaltusaphis; (4) monophyly of Sminthuraphis; and (5) phylogenetic relationships of Neveskyella, Subsaltusaphis, Saltusaphis and Iziphya. In order to resolve the argued position of Macropodaphis Remaudiere and Davatchi, 1958, Phyllaphidinae, Saltusaphidinae and Macropodaphis were taken as in‐group members, 6 morphological characters and host‐plant character were used. The result shows that Macropodaphis should be in a new subfamily Macropodaphidinae, and Macropodaphidinae and Saltusaphidinae should be sister groups.
A NEW SPECIES OF FORCIPOMYIA (MICROHELEA) FROM SHANDONG PROVINCE, CHINA (DIPTERA:CERATOPOGONIDAE)
Authors: Xue Jian , Yu Yixin
Published: April 2008

Abstract  This paper reports a new species of Forcipomyia (Microhelea)weihaiensis from Weihai City, Shandong Province, China. The types of the new species are deposited in the Medical Ento mology Collection Gallery. Beijing, 100071, China.
EFFECTS OF PHOTOPERIOD ON EMBRYONIC DIAPAUSE AND REPRODUCTION IN THE MIGRATORY LOCUST IN THREE GEOGRAPHIC POPULATIONS1
Authors: Li Bingxiang , Chen Yonglin , Cai Huiluo
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The three investigated populations of migratory locust, Locusta migratoria L. (Orthoptera, Acrididae), reported in this paper show significant variation in diapause characteristics. The insects of the Heshuo Xinjiang population show diapause in egg stage regardless of the photoperiod of rearing condition, while the adults of the Beidagang Tianjin and the Hami Xinjiang populations produce diapause or nondiapause eggs according to the short or long photoperiod. From this research, we infer altitude plays an important role in inducing diapause. The long photoperiod which extends the duration of pre‐oviposition period and reduces the oviposition frequency in the Beidagang and Hami populations shows no effect on those features of the Heshuo population. The duration at low temperature to end diapause in the Heshuo population is longer than that in the other two populations.
THREE NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS APHELOPUS DALMAN (HYMENOPTERA: DRYINIDAE)*
Authors: Xu Zaifu , He Junhua
Published: April 2008

Abstract  This paper describes three new species of genus Aphelopus Dalman, 1823: Aphelopus luteoceps sp. nov., Aphelopus niger sp. nov. and Aphelopus albopictoides sp: nov. All the types are deposited in Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang Agricultural University.
NOTES ON GENUS HAEMATOPOTA (DIPTERA: TABANIDAE) OF VIETNAM, LAOS AND CAMBODIA
Authors: Xu Rongman
Published: April 2008

Abstract  This paper deals with nine species of Haematopota from Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia including the descriptions of four new species, H. fairchildi, H. burgeri, H. qui and H. saravanensis.
A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS HOMIDIA (COLLEM‐BOLA: ENTOMOBRYIDAE) FROM CHINA
Authors: Chen Jianxiu , Li Liuru
Published: April 2008

Abstract  A new species, Homidia latifolia is described from Mt. Tiantai, Zhejiang Province, East China. The species is characteristic in having leaflike setae on the mentum. The other characters, such as the color pattern, presence of labial seta M2, chaetotaxy on abd. N and setae on ventral tube, also make it separable from all the known species in the genus.
BIONOMICS OF MICROPLITIS MEDIATOR (HYM: BRACONIDAE) PARASITIZING PSEUDALETIA SEPARATA (LEP: NOCTUIDAE)*
Authors: Qin Qilian , Gong He , Zhang Yanrong , Wang Dean , Zhao Juying
Published: April 2008

Abstract  This paper deals with the bionomics of Microplitis mediator parasitizing Pseudaletia separata. There were some stings (ca. 3. 1%) in which female wasps oviposited more than one eggs and about 4. 6% stings that there was no egg laid into a host. A negative correlation existed between the host age and percentage of parasitization. When the host suffered more stings by the parasitoid wasps, the percentage of parasitization was higher. But there was no correlation between the parasitoid sex ratio and the host age or the frequency of stings by the parasitoids. The host age is not the major factor affecting the offspring sex ratio of the parasitoid. Some putative sex determinant factors in the parasitoid are discussed and the 2nd instar of the host is recommended as a suitable host age in which parasitization could be performed for the purpose of the parasitoid mass culture.
ACTION MODE, PERSISTENCE AND CONTROL VALUE OF FIPRONIL FOR RICE GRASSHOPPERS OXYA (ORTHOPTERA: CANTANTOPIDAE)*
Authors: Liu Zhibin , Wu Mingqing , Deng Zhiyong , Wang Qingchuan , Chen Hanwu , Zhang Jian‐ping , Launois Michel , Zheng Zhemin
Published: April 2008

Abstract  From June to Oct. 1996, cage and field experiments with Fipronil, a new insecticide from the phenyl pyrazole family, were carried out in Hanzhong basin, Shaanxi Prov. The aim was to evaluate the action mode, persistence and control value of Fipronil in rice grasshoppers management. The main results were as follows: 1 at low doses of 4 g a. i. /ha and 8 g a. i. /ha, Fipronil was found to be an effective contact and stomach pesticide against Oxya spp. The knocking effect of contact was quicker than that of stomach; 2 the residual effect of Fipronil on Oxya spp. was over 3 weeks, significantly longer than that of conventional insecticides; 3 the difference between effects of 4 g a. i. /ha and 8 g a. i. /ha was mainly shown in terms of survival time of the grasshoppers after treatment, and there was almost no difference as to control results; 4 one month after the treatment, the density of Oxya in quadrats treated by Fipronil was significantly lower than that in quadrats treated with Fenpropathoursin, and the application of Fipronil retrieved 12. 6% of rice production loss when compared with the output in control field.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE PATHWAYS OF MIGRATING INSECTS
Authors: Zhai Baoping , Zhang Xiaoxi
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Based on boundary layer meteorology and behavioural ecology of insect migration, a numerical TRA model was established. The spatial and temporal resolutions of the standard meteorological data are far insufficient for insect migration studies; so, a one dimension TKE closure scheme (E‐ε scheme) was adopted to simulate the wind and temperature profiles en route based on the conventional surface and 850 hPa wind and temperature data of Chinese National Meteorological Bureau. Then the migrating behaviour of insects was parameterized as some proper mathematical expressions to determine their timing and their flight height, speed and direction from the wind and temperature profiles simulated by the PBL sub‐model, and so their flight pathways could be estimated by a simple algorithm. Finally, the hourly episodes of the airborne migrants were output which consists of the latitude, longitude and flying altitude. The TRA model was verified by mark‐release‐recapture studies of Mythimna separata, Loxostege sticticalis, and Agrotis ipsilon. The results suggest that the parameterizing scheme of migratory behaviour, the numerical simulation scheme of wind and temperature in PBL and the TRA procedure developed in this paper should be reasonable and feasible. This model provides a useful tool for inter‐regional forecast of migratory insect pests.
EFFECT OF A HIGH TEMPERATURE ON VITELLOGE‐NESIS IN THE JAPANESE OAK SILKWORM, ANTHERAEA YAMAMAI (LEPIDOPTERA: SATURNIIDAE)*
Authors: Ye Gongyin , Hu Cui , Gong He
Published: April 2008

Abstract The effect of a high temperature, i. e. 32°C. on vitellogenesis of the Japanese oak silkworm, Antheraea yamamai (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) was markedly significant. Its extent was dependent on the development stage of the silkworm exposed to 32°C. When exposed to 32 °C since the 1st day after cocooning, titres of both vitellogenin (Vg) and soluble proteins in the fat body and hemolymph of mature larvae were evidently lower than those at 26°C. When pupae were maintained at 32°C since the 1st day after pupation. the titres of Vg in the fat body showed no significant difference from those at 26°C, but those in the hemolymph and the titres of vitellin (Vt) in the ovary mostly were obviously lower in contrast to those at 26°C. While exposed to 32°C since the 6th day after pupation, at most instance the tires of Vg both in the fat body and hemolymph were not markedly different from those at 26°C, and those of Vt in the ovary were significantly higher than those at 26°C, In addition, the changes in the titres of soluble proteins in the fat body and hemolymph as well as the ovary were monitored when pupae were maintained at 32°C since the 1st or 6th day after pupation. It is recommended that both mature larvae and pupae at cocooning stage and earlier pupal stage should not be exposed to 32°C when the silkworm is reared for egg raising.
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF TWO PHOTOSENSITIVE COMPOUNDS ON SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE ACTIVITY IN SPODOPTERA LITURA LARVAE*
Authors: Jiang Zhisheng , Xu Hanhong , Wan Shuqing , Chiu Shin‐Foon , Su Shengzhong , Shang Zhizhen
Published: April 2008

Abstract Superoxide dismutase activity was detected in the fourth instar larvae of cutworm Spodoptera litura and effects of the two photosensitive compounds, α‐terthienyl and the synthesized compound 1‐phenyl‐4–(3, 4‐methylene dioxy) phenyl‐diacetylene (signified as compound No. 5), on superoxide dismutase activity, were compared under the specified condition. Results indicated that the near ultraviolet irradiation (300–400 nm) almost had no effect on superoxide dismutase activity in vivo in the control larvae but could decrease superoxide dismutase activity in vitro. After treatment with photosensitive compounds and near ultraviolet irradiation, superoxide dismutase activity in vitro could be enhanced by the two chemicals, with α‐terthienyl more effective, while in vivo it was hardly affected by the latter compound but could be inhibited by α‐terthienyl. This suggested that the larvae treated by a‐terthienyl were more susceptible to light than that by the latter compound whenever in vivo or in vitro. The possible mechanisms of action of the two photo‐activated compounds were discussed.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF GENUS FORCZPOMYZA FROM CHINA (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE)
Authors: Liu Jinhua , Yan Ge , Yu Yixin
Published: April 2008

Abstract Two new species of Forcipomyia (Forciponyia (Euprojoannisia) lingnatiensis and Forcipovtyia (Forcipomyia) cavatus) from China were described in this paper. Mandible of female F. (Eupro.)lingnanensis sp. nov. has no tooth, the third segment of maxillary palp is slender (PR more than 3. 5). aedeagus is characterized by its tip with hooklet. Antennal ratio of female F. (F.) cauatus sp. nov. is 0. 80, pre‐and mid‐legs are pale, hind‐leg is partly brownish, and aedeagus has a chitinized sclerite at center.
RESPONSE TESTS OF CONE FLIES (STROBILOMYIA SPP.) TO DAHURIAN LARCH CONE VOLATILES1)
Authors: Yan Shanchun , Sun Jianghua , Hu Yinyue , Chi Defu , Sun Fan
Published: April 2008

Abstract Several main monoterpenes and their combinations from Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii Rupr.) cones were used as odor sources in olfactory experiment to test the responses of larch cone flies (Strobilomyia spp.) in 1998. The results revealed that blend of α ‐pinene, β ‐pinene, laurene and β ‐ocimene in a ratio close to its volatile profile of damaged cones achieved the best response while certain odors showed repellent tendency to cone flies. Field spraying Dahurian larch cones with some of its volatile components had mixed results but support the olfactory testing results. The role of monoterpenes in cone fly host location and oviposition in terms of attractive signals or repellent is discussed.
BEHAVIOURAL EFFECT OF VARIOUS BINARY AND TERNARY SEX PHEROMONE BLENDS ON THE ASIAN CORN BORER (OSTRINZA FURNACALZS)
Authors: Zhou Hongchun , Du Jiawei
Published: April 2008

Abstract The response of individual male Asian corn borer moth was observed in a wind tunnel to various binary and ternary blends and dosages of synthetic sex pheromones, tetradecyl acetate. (E)‐12‐te‐tradecenyl acetate and (Z)‐12‐tetradecenyl acetate. Lures containing two components (Z+E) blends elicit the highest behavioral responses at ratios in the scope of 37. 5% E to 62. 5% E and there was no significant difference in this scope according to source contact step. The highest responses to the lures of three components are observed at ratio 1 : 5 : 4 (14 : Ac/Z/E), which have no significant difference to the best lures of two components. But dose‐response shows that the ternary blend has a wider response scope than the binary blend. The ternary blend can elicit behavioral response at dosage even as low as Ing, but the binary blend can not at the same dosage. The highest response scope is 100 to 1 000 ng for the binary blend and 100 to 10 000 ng for the ternary blend.
PURIFICATION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A GUT TRYPSIN‐LIKE PROTEASE FROM LARVAE OF FLESH FLY BOETTCHERISCA PEREGRIN A (DIPTERA: SARCOPHAGAE)
Authors: Lu Xiaofeng , Yang Xingyong , Cheng Jingqiu , Pei Yan
Published: April 2008

Abstract A 16kD protease was purified from the gut extract of larvae of Boettcherisca peregrina, after ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE‐Sephadex A‐25 ion‐exchange chromatography and SBBI‐Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. The results of substrate and inhibitor specificity indicated that the protease behaved as a trypsin‐like protease. It possesses high activity against non‐specific substrate casein and Hide powder azure, and against trypsin‐specific substrates Bz‐Phe‐Val‐Arg NA, Bz‐Pro‐Phe‐Arg NA and Bz‐Val‐Gly‐Arg NA. It can be strongly inhibited by PMSF, phenymethysulfonyl fluoride (serine protease inhibitor), SBBI, soybean Bowman‐Birk inhibitor and Leupeptin (trypsin‐specific inhibitor). Activity of this protease was found to be maximal at the alkaline range of pH 8. 5–9. 5.
HOST‐SPECIFICITY AND HOST‐SELECTION OF FLEAS IN FOCI OF HUMAN PLAGUE IN YUNNAN CHINA*
Authors: Guo Xianguo , Gong Zhengda , Qian Tijun , Feng Xiguang , Duan Xingde , Li Wei , Zhang Xikun
Published: April 2008

Abstract The host‐specificity and the host‐selection of 11 species of fleas collected from 47 species of small mammals in foci of human plague in Yunnan, China, were studied by using methods in the evaluation of ecological niche breadth and overlap. Levins' niche breadth was used for the host‐specificity. while clip angle niche overlap and a fuzzy clustering analysis were used for host‐selection. Of the 11 species of fleas, the host‐specificity of Nosopsyllus elongatus puerensis and Xenopsylla cheopis are the highest (narrow niche breadth), and those of Aviostivalis klossi bispiniformis and Neopsylla stevensi sichuanyunnana the lowest (wide niche breadth). Of 11 species of fleas, the dominant host of X. cheopis (a very high effective vector of plague in the foci of human plague in Yunnan Province. China) is Rattw flavipectus (the main animal host and infectious source of plague in the foci). A high host‐specificity of X. cheopis implies that X. cheopis mainly maintains or transmits the pathogen of plague among the individuals of its dominant species of host, R. flavipectus. The result of niche overlap analysis reveals that Ctenophthalrnus In‐evipre jiciens and Ctenophthaltnus parcus have a similar host‐selection while other species of fleas are quite different in their host selection.
BIOTECHNOLOGY AND IPM: THE RELEVANCE TO SMALL SCALE FARMERS IN TROPICAL ASIA*
Authors: Whitten Max
Published: April 2008

Abstract  This paper deals with the relevance of biotechnology and IPM to small scale farmers in South and Southeast Asia. IPM may be defined as the combination and integration of approaches to pest management. which maximizes real profitability and genuine sustainability for the users and farming system and gives due regard to the environment. Alternative and practical pest management options should be developed for small scale farmers who could become experts in crop management and capable of making informed decisions through training in field schools. The latest development of biotechnology includes diagnostics, biological pesticides (either genetically manipulated or not genetically manipulated), transgenic plants and animals (vertebrates and invertebrates) and informatics. The place of biotechnology in rice IPM and vegetable IPM in South and Southeast Asia is discussed. Examples of soybean caterpillar in Brazil and rice blast in Vietnam illustrate the benefits of a strong working partnership between farmers, trainers and researchers in creating new knowledge which promotes sustainable agriculture.
A NEW FAMILY DREPANOCHAITOPHORIDAE (HO‐MOPTERA: APHIDOIDEA) FROM EOCENE FUSHUN AMBER OF LIAONING PROVINCE CHINA*
Authors: Zhang Guangxue , Hong Youchong
Published: April 2008

Abstract  This paper deals with a new family Drepanochaitophoridae from Eocene Fushun Amber of Limning Province, China, a new genus, Drepanochaitophorus Zhang et Hong and a new species, Drepanochailophorus fushunensis Zhang et Hong. The similarities and differences among Drepanochaitophoridae, Drepanosiphidae and Chaitophoridae are listed and discussed. The type specimen is deposited in Beijing Museum of Natural History.
ISOLATION OF RICKETTSIA TSUTSUGAMUSHI FROM TROMBICULID MITES (ACARI:TROMBICULIDAE) IN FEIXIAN COUNTY, SHANDONG PROVINCE, CHINA
Authors: Liu Yunxi , Yang Zhanqing , Wu Qinyong , Sun Hailong , Meng Xiangrui , Peng Zuolin , Miao Zhongshui
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Investigations on trombiculid mites and isolation of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi therefrom were carried out in Feixian County, Shandong Province. A total of 11 762 trombiculid mites, consisting of 5 species from two genera, were collected from 352 rodents (including 247 Apodemus agrarius, 80 Cricetulus triton, 23 Rattus noruegicus, 2 Crocidura suaveolens), and Walchia pacifica was the most predominant (36.73%), followed by Leptotrombididium linhuaikonense (24.04%), L. scutellare (21.65%), L. palpale (13. 57%), and L. taishanium (3. 96%). L. scutellare was found from September to December with a remarkable peak in November, whereas L. palpale occurred from October to April (the second year) with peak in December. L. linhuaikonense was found from May to November, with peak in August. W. pacifica appeared from April to December with peak in July. R. tsutsugamushi was isolated from L. scutellare, L. palpale, L. linhuaikonense and W. pacifica. The main serotypes of R. tsutsugamushi isolated from the chigger mites were of the Gilliam type, but Karp type also existed in L. linhuaikonense. These results indicate that the surveyed area has a high probability of occurrence of tsutsugamushi disease, and L. scutellare, L. palpale, L. linhuaikonense and W. pacifica may serve as the vectors in this area. It is suggested that L. scutellare is the most important vector which has caused the endemic of this disease in Feixian County.
A NEW SPECIES OF FORMOSATETTIX TINKHAM (ORTHOPTERA:TETRIGIDAE) FROM HUBEI PROVINCE
Authors: Zhe‐min ZHENG , Yu‐lin ZHONG
Published: April 2008

Abstract  A new species of the genus Formosatettix Tinkham 1937, Formosatettix tiantangensis sp. nov. from Dabie Mountains in Hubei Province is described. The new species is allied to Formosatettix henanensis Liang, but differs in: 1) width of vertex about 1.6 times the width of an eye; 2) length of antennae about 1.6–1.7 times the length of anterior femora; 3) upper margin of pronotum distinctively arched; 4) ventral margin of posterior pronotal process arched, lateral carinae curvingigly arched and 5) posterior margin of subgenital plate of female concave, median keel present on the plate. The type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Normal University and Department of Biology, Huanggang Normal College, Hubei Province respectively.
STUDIES ON A CADMIUM‐INDUCED METALLOTHIONEIN IN HOUSEFLY LARVAE, MUSCA DOMESTICA
Authors: Chang‐ying NIU , Chao‐liang LEI , Cui HU
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The induction of metallothionein (MT) was studied in the housefly larvae (Musca domestica). Upon dietary exposure to Cd, two Cd‐binding proteins were isolated from the whole body homogenates, using gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. Mass spectrometric measurement revealed that they have high purity and the molecular weight are 9045.9Da and 11560.2Da, respectively. Amino acid analysis showed that the content of cysteine is the highest, attaining to 18.2%. However, aromatic amino acid residues such as tyrosine (2.5%) and phenylalanine (3.1%) were also detected. In addition, MT from housefly larvae has strong heat stability. All these results suggest that the properties of MT isolated from housefly are very similar to that of mammalian MT, but some differences still exist.
REVISION OF CHINESE SPECIES OF HEMIPTARSENUS WESTWOOD (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE) *
Authors: Chac‐dong ZHU , LaSalle John , Da‐wei HUANG
Published: April 2008

Abstract  This paper deals with Chinese species of Hemiptarsenus Westwood, 1833. Totally five species are found in China. Among them, H. unguicellus (Zetterstedt), H. ornatus (Nees) and H. varicornis (Gi‐rault) were previously recorded, H. zilahisebessi Erdös is newly recorded in China and H. strigiscuta sp. n. is described as new. A tentative key to known species is given, and other three external species, H. fulvicollis Westwood, H. wailesellae Nowicky and H. waterhousii Westwood, are included in the key for comparison.

The type specimen is deposited in the Zoological Museum, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
DESCRIPTION OF LASIOHELEA NEPAL A SP. NOV (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE)
Authors: Yi‐xin YU
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The new species, Lnsiohelea nepala sp. nov. is described from Aml edhagany, Nepal.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF SIMULIUM (GOMPHOSTILBIA) FROM FANJING MOUNTAIN, CHINA (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE)*
Authors: Han‐bin CHEN , Chun‐lin ZHANG , Xiao‐jun WEN
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The present paper reports two new blackfly species, Simulium (Gomphostilbia) fanjingshanense sp. nov. and Simulium (Gomphostilbia) mengi sp. nov. of the genus Simulium Latreille. The descriptions are based on the female and male, pupae and larvae specimens collected from Fanjing Mountain, Guizhou Province, China. The specimens are currently stored in the Department of Biology, Guiyang Medical College.
SPATIAL PATTERN ANALYSIS OF XENOPSYLLA CHEOPIS (SIPHONAPTERA:PULICIDAE) ON ITS DOMINANT RAT HOST, RATTUS FLAVIPECTUS IN THE FOCI OF HUMAN PLAGUE IN YUNNAN, CHINA*
Authors: Xian‐guo GUO , Zheng‐da GONG , Ti‐jun QIAN , Xi‐guan FENG , Xing‐de DUAN , Wei LI , Xi‐kun ZHANG
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Xenopsylla chewpis is the main transmitting vector of plague in the foci of human plague in Yunnan China, where its dominant rat host is Rattus flavipectus Spatial distribution pattern of X. cheopis among the individuals of R fluvipectus is studied. Iwao's linear regression method and a significance test of random deviation for the method were used. in the light of Iwao's method, a regression model was established. The model is M =α+βM = 4.0064 + 2.0153M where both α and β are considerably higher than 0 and 1 respectively, the border values for determining spatial pattern of populations. The calculated F value is 4, 5892 (P<0.05) in the significance test of random deviation. The spatial pattern of X. cheopis among the individuals of its dominant host R flavipectus is of an aggregate distribution. The aggregated distribution pattern means that the flea individuals do not evenly distribute on rat host but gather as different size groups on rat individuals. This uneven distribution further suggests that the transmitting opportunity is not always the same even if the frequency of contacting the same species of infected rat, R flavipectus is the same.
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF TARGET RESISTANCE IN THE ORGANOPHOSPHATE‐ AND PYRETHROID‐RE‐SISTANT HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA (HUBNER)
Authors: Yu‐xin DONG , Zhen‐hua TANG
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The molecular mechanisms of target resistance, i. e. acetyicholinesterase (AChE) and sodium channel insensitivity, in the organophosphate(0P)‐ and pyrethroid(Py)‐resistant (R) Helicoverpa armigera were investigated. The activity and Vmax of AChE from R strain were 1.09– and 1.23‐fold of the susceptible(S) strain respectively, but the KM value of AChE in R strain was only 0.67‐fold of S stain. The Ki values of AChE from the R strain were 0.44 for DDVP and 0.50 for malathion respectively, as compared with those of the S strain. These data showed that the AChE from R strain might be qualitatively altered. The knockdown resistance (kdr) of the resistant H. armigera was also identified by PCR technique. The fragments of IIS6, linker of 11–111 and a part of IIS5‐IIs6 in the sodium channel were cloned and sequenced, and then compared to amino acid sequences from the R and S strains. and other insect species. There was no difference to be found at amino acid level in the above fragments cloned. It was suggested that the Rdr was not involved in the resistance of R strain.
ENZYMES OF FATTY ACID METABOLISM IN OVERWINTERING MATURE LARVAE OF THE PINE NEEDLE GALL MIDGE, THECODIPLOSIS JAPONENSIS*
Authors: Yi‐ping LI , He GONG , Park Ho‐Yong
Published: April 2008

Abstract  In this study, overwintering larvae of pine needle gall midge, Thmodiplosis jaHnensis, were sampled at various dates in the winter of 1997 and profiles of some enzymes of fatty acid metabolism were studied. During overwintering, a decrease in total lipids in T. japonensis larvae suggested the use of fat reserves to maintain basal metabolism. Activities of two enzymes associated with fatty acid synthesis, i. e. malic enzyme and ATP‐dependent citrate lyase, decreased from December to mid‐January, then increased from the end of February, indicating a reduced potential for fatty acid synthesis during the winter. Enzymes for fatty acid oxidation, as indicated by the activities of hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase, carnitine‐palmitoyl transferase and acetoacetyl‐CoA thiolase, showed different profiles. The potential for ketone body metabolism, as measured by p‐hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity, decreased in the course of winter, indicating that ketone body as a metabolic fuel during overwintering is not important.
SERIAL PASSAGE OF TRICHOPLUSIA NI SINGLE EMBEDDED BACULOVIRUS IN HOMOLOGOUS CELL LINE*
Authors: Guo‐xun LI , Tian‐long LI , Pin WANG , Granados Robert R
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Trichoplusia ni single embedded nuclear polyhedrosis virus (TnSNPV) is highly pathogenic for cell line but there were some problems with producing a few polyhedra and decrease of efficiency during serial passages. Sixty serial passages of TnSNPV were conducted in Tn 5B1–4 cell. Replication of the viral DNA and comparison of the viral character between the wild virus and clones from serial passages were performed. The TnSNPV DNA molecular weight, 115.8 kbp, was estimated by restriction enzyme analysis. Replication of the viral DNA which was analyzed by slot blot hybridization started at 8 h postinfection (p.i) and the DNA increased fast after 28 h p. i. The DNA synthesis reached a maximal number at 40 h p. i. The result from serial passage of the virus demanstrated that the relative BV titer was maitained at approximately 5 log TCIDSO/mL. The polyhedra of viral clones from early passages were almost normal but the majority of clones from late passages produced polyhedra without virions by examination with electron microscopy. Although there were some alterations with viral DNA from different clones, yet all of clones were from a homologous genome of wild virus by examination of restriction enzyme analysis and DNA:DNA hybridization.
EXPRESSION OF THE DETOXIFYING GENE B1 IN ES‐CHERICHIA COLI AND SYNECHOCOCCUS1
Authors: Yan‐chun YAN , Chuan‐lin QIAO , Hong‐yu SHANG
Published: April 2008

Abstract  We inserted the mosquito esterase B1 gene into the expression vector pRL‐439, which possesses the strong promoter PpsbA. The recombinant plasmid pRL‐Bl was used to transform E. coli HBlOl, and the positive clones were screened on LB medium plate containing 100 mg/mL ampicillin. The results of dot blotting and Southern hybridization demonstrated that these positive clones were transformed bacteria. Western blotting indicated that esterase B1 gene had been successfully expressed under the control of the PpsbA promoter in E. coli.

A shuttle verruction‐B1 (pDGBl) was constructed by inserting B1‐cDNA from pRL‐Bl into polycloning site of plasmid pDc8. PDGBl was transferred into Synechoccus sp. PCC7942 through triparental conjugal transfer. Transformed single Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 clone was obtained by neomycin screening, and large‐scale culture in liquid medium was carried out. Results of Southern blotting proved that pWB1 was transferred into Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942.
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON CERTAIN POPULATION PARAMETERS OF LIRIOMYZA SATIVAE BLAN‐CHARD (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE)
Authors: Run‐jie ZHANG , Dao‐jian YU , Chang‐qing ZHOU
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Effects of temperature on population parameters and the intrinsic rate of natural increase of the leafminer, Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, were studied at constant temperatures, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 3593 80% RH and a photoperiod of 12:12 (L:D) in the laboratory with Phaseolus vulgaris as the host plant. Developmental time of the immature stage decreased from 38 d at 15C to lld at 3593 Regression equations relating temperature (t) to development rates (y) for egg, larval and pupal stages, were y = 1.7862t ‐ 13.841, y = 1.162t ‐ 4.946 and y= 0.634t ‐ 5.146, respectively. Longevity of female adult decreased from 20 d at 15°C to 9 d with temperature up to 35C The most favorable temperature range for reproduction was 20°C ‐ 30oC in which the fecundity ranged from 158 to 282 eggs per female. The lowest total mortality was 9% at 25oC and the highest was 49% at 35 93 High intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) was 0.27 and high net reproductive rate (R0) was 116.8 at temperature range between 25 t and 30 t indicating that this range was optimal for population growth and that population density might increase 117 times per generation under this temperature condition. Mean generation time (T) and time for population to double (t) decreased as temperature increased, showing a negative linear trend with temperature. The relationship between finite rate of increase (A) and temperature, however, was a positive linear regression.
A TAXONOMIC STUDY ON ASAPHES (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE) FROM CHINA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF FOUR NEW SPECIES*
Authors: Hui XIAO , Da‐wei HUANG
Published: April 2008

Abstract This paper deals with six species of the pteromalid genus Asaphes from China, including four new species: Asaphes umbilicalis sp. nov., Asaphes globularis sp. nov., Asaphes siciformis sp. nov., and Asaphes oculi sp. nov. A key to the species based on the females is provided. The type specimens are deposited in the Zoological Museum, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.