bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Framework for Real-Time Detection of Loss of Tail Rotor Effectiveness
Authors: Zanella Paola , Prasad J. V. R. , Johnson Charles  C. , Mavris Dimitri  N.
Published: January 2025

Loss of tail rotor effectiveness (LTE), also known as unanticipated yaw, has been recognized as a major contributing factor in several helicopter accidents where directional control is lost. Through the helicopter flight data monitoring (HFDM) program, pilots receive constant flight evaluation reports to support LTE risk mitigation. Nevertheless, the existing LTE safety metric presents several pitfalls that hinder the reliability of the detection of violations of boundaries for flight safety. This paper presents a new framework for the development and evaluation of an expanded safety metric to enhance the detection of proximity to LTE within the HFDM program. The new metric combines three different underlying phenomena that can lead to an LTE event, that is, loss of weathercock stability, running out of pedal (tail rotor collective) for trim, and tail rotor vortex ring state. A parametric surrogate model for the detection of proximity to an LTE event is formulated by combining results from physics-based simulations with machine learning techniques. The new framework allows for operator fine-tuning of proximity to LTE boundaries, and, hence, it provides flexibility in risk management from postflight analyses. Finally, the framework is compared against the method currently used within the HFDM program, confirming its enhanced detection of the proximity to LTE.
Terminology of didactic wisdom in the ancient Israelite scribal schools as presented in Proverbs 1:1–7
Authors: Mandey Jenry E.C. , Sindoro Pujiastuti E.
Published: January 2025

Proverbs 1 verses 1–7 encompasses an important section of the Hebrew bible related to ancient didactic wisdom terminology. This article analyses the Masoretic Text in Hebrew to categorise and examine the terminology concerning the theory of the scribal schools that developed in ancient Israel. The issue is the absence of an undisputed indication of the text’s Sitz im Leben. Consequently, the proposal concerning the Sitz im Leben in this text pertains to the scribes. The employed method is textual exegesis, aimed at investigating the text’s background through historical analysis. The study is conducted by examining the terms in each verse, considering their textual meaning and historical contexts, with an emphasis on their usage in scribal schools, to reveal the text’s historical background.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This study examined the significance and application of educational terminology in ancient Israel as presented in the introductory passage of the book of Proverbs. This article contributes to historical studies of the ancient education system and biblical studies.
Influence of Gut Microbiome Composition on Surgical Site Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Aljohani Taghreed Jemaah , Alkatheeri Saba Hussain , Almutiri Teif Nawaf , Alotaibi Hamad Fahad , Alshaiban Saleh Hussain , Kamal Rozana Ibrahim , Sanedi Abdullah Mohammed , Alawad Fatema Hani , Faya Hamad Khalid , Aldanyowi Saud Nayef
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Post-operative wound infections are dangerous occurrences that happen in various surgical operations. Negative Pressure Therapy (NPT) has been suggested as a method to diminish surgical site infections (SSIs). However, data concerning the effect of this intervention across different types of operations are still lacking.

Objective:

This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of NPT in reducing SSIs following various surgical procedures.

Materials and Methods:

A systematic review was conducted to identify all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2020 and 2023 that investigated the efficacy of NPT in reducing post-operative SSIs across different types of surgeries. The outcome measures included SSI incidences and adverse effects. Quality assessment and data extraction were conducted in accordance with the PRISMA flowchart.

Results:

Our meta-analysis included 18 RCTs, encompassing a total of 7,898 patients across different surgical fields such as orthopaedic, gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, cancer and gynaecology surgeries. The integrated data demonstrated a significant reduction in SSI incidence when comparing the results of NPT application against standard treatment (odds ratio = 0.53; 95% confidence interval = [0.39–0.73], P = 0.0001). This effect remained consistent when subgrouping the studies by different surgical procedures. The safety profile of NPT was found to be acceptable, with no significant increase in adverse effects such as wound dehiscence and hematomas, and a significant decrease in the incidence of wound seroma.

Conclusions:

This meta-analysis supports the use of NPT in reducing SSI rates and endorses its application in post-operative care, particularly in cancer and gastrointestinal surgeries.
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Comparing Unicompartmental Versus Total Knee Arthroplasty for Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Albeshi Saeed Mubarak , Alsaleh Hussain Mohammed , Altokhais Ziyad Abdullah , Aldawh Ziyad Saad Saeed , Alsulami Amirah Atiah Allah , Almahdi Rahf Hassan , Alrammah Abdulrahman Hamid , Alqurashi Wesal Abdulrahman , Allah Faris Abdullah Saad Al Yaan , Aldanyowi Saud Nayef
Published: January 2025

Background:

Osteoarthritis (OA) affects a significant portion of the population, particularly those aged 45 and above. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the standard treatment for advanced OA, but unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is an alternative for patients with OA confined to one compartment. This systematic review and meta-analysis compare the outcomes of UKA and TKA in patients with unicompartmental knee OA.

Materials and Methods:

Following the Cochrane Handbook and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement’s guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis registered on PROSPERO. Database searches were performed on PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus using relevant keywords. After removing duplicates and screening for eligibility, 10 studies were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by four authors, with conflicts resolved by a senior author. Statistical analyses were conducted using Review Manager 5.4.

Results:

A total of 9,751 patients were included, with 3,254 undergoing UKA and 10,649 undergoing TKA. UKA showed statistically significant higher revision rates compared to TKA (odds ratio 2.17; confidence interval 1.63–2.87; I
2 = 53%; P < 0.00001). However, UKA demonstrated superior clinical and functional outcomes, including the Oxford Knee Score, KSS Clinical and WOMAC subscales, along with reduced surgical duration, estimated blood loss and hospital stay.

Conclusions:

UKA offers superior clinical and functional outcomes but with higher revision rates compared to TKA. These findings support UKA for physically active individuals, whereas TKA remains suitable for patients with comorbidities or diminished performance status. Further research with randomised samples and longer follow-up periods is recommended to strengthen the evidence.
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Effect of Apomorphine in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Aloufi Waad Rabeh , Alabdulaal Maria Raji , Ogran Mohammed Abdulrahman , Alkuhayli Suduf Ali , Alnughaythir Azzam Ibrahim , Almajdua Rehad Ayed , Almojel Rayouf Mohammed , Almalhan Lama Abdulaziz , Alotaibi Ghaida , Alawad Fatema Hani , Al Mohaini Mohammad
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Regarding a potential relationship between diabetes and the prognostic significance of hyperglycaemia in patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), there is still debate. Therefore, we aimed in this study to demonstrate the effect of hyperglycaemia on different outcomes in AMI patients whether they are diabetic or not.

Methods:

Using the following search strategy: ‘Diabetes’ or ‘Diabetic’ AND ‘Acute myocardial infarction’ OR ‘AMI’ AND ‘hyperglycemia’ OR ‘glucose level’, we searched PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus for eligible articles that should undergo the screening process to determine its ability to be included in our study. Using Review Manager version 5.4 software, we conducted the meta-analysis of the included studies by pooling the mean difference (MD) in continuous variables, number and total of dichotomous variables to measure the odds ratio (OR) and generic inverse variance of OR or hazard ratio (HR) as they were reported in the included studies.

Results:

The difference between diabetes and non-diabetes patients regarding blood glucose level was found to be statistically significant with standardised MD of 1.39 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12, 1.66, P < 0.00001). Hyperglycaemia in diabetic patients was statistically significantly associated with mortality with HR of 1.92 (95% CI: 1.45, 2.55, P < 0.00001) and OR of 1.76 (95% CI: 1.15, 2.7, P = 0.01). In non-diabetic patients admitted with AMI, hyperglycaemia was statistically significantly associated with mortality with HR of 1.56 (95% CI: 1.31, 1.86, P < 0.00001) and OR of 2.89 (95% CI: 2.47, 3.39, P < 0.00001). Moreover, hyperglycaemia in diabetic patients admitted with AMI was statistically significantly associated with occurrence of MACE with HR of 1.9 (95% CI: 1.19, 3.03, P = 0.007) and hyperglycaemia in non-diabetic AMI patients was statistically significantly associated with occurrence of MACE with HR of 1.6 (95% CI: 1.15, 2.23, P = 0.006).

Conclusion:

Hyperglycaemia in AMI patients is a predictor of worse outcomes including MACE and mortality whether these patients are diabetic or not. Some factors act as predictors for mortality in these patients including older age, higher glucose levels on admission and high Killip class.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Investigating the Impact of Oral Contraceptive Pills and Pre-treatment on In vitro Fertilisation/Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Outcomes
Authors: Khoja Taliah A. , Alkhomairi Summer A. , Alsaqabi Majd S. , Nagmosh Sarah J. , Alzubaidi Rahaf M. , Mortagi Rahaf M. , Alismail Fatimah M. , Alawad Fatema Hani , Ahmed Rufaida Alhafiz Alsayed M.
Published: January 2025

Background:

Infertility treatments such as in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) often involve preparatory interventions to enhance success rates. One such intervention, oral contraceptive pill (OCP) pre-treatment, has gained attention for its potential impact on treatment outcomes. Despite its widespread use, evidence regarding its efficacy remains inconclusive.This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the impact of OCP pre-treatment on pregnancy rates in IVF/ICSI procedures. By synthesizing available evidence, this study provides insights into the implications of OCP usage within fertility treatment protocols.

Methods:

A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify studies evaluating the effects of OCP pre-treatment in IVF/ICSI cycles. Two independent investigators extracted data on study characteristics, participant details, interventions, outcomes, and funding sources. Pregnancy rates were compared using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomised Controlled Trials, ensuring transparency and reproducibility. Meta-analyses were performed using both common-effect and random-effects models to account for variability between studies.

Results:

The meta-analysis included studies reporting pregnancy rates in IVF/ICSI patients with and without OCP pre-treatment. Results showed a consistent trend across models, with a lower odds of pregnancy observed in the OCP pre-treatment group (pooled OR < 1, 95% CI). Minimal heterogeneity was noted between studies, indicating consistency in effect estimates. While publication bias was not statistically significant, potential biases in individual study designs were identified.

Conclusion:

This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that OCP pre-treatment is associated with reduced pregnancy rates in IVF/ICSI procedures. Although findings are consistent, the clinical significance warrants cautious interpretation due to potential biases in the included studies. Further research is required to confirm these results and explore the underlying mechanisms affecting treatment outcomes.
The Efficacy of Dupilumab in Moderate-to-Severe Unresponsive Asthma Patients: A Meta-analysis of 3941 Patients
Authors: Alahdali Lama Surur H. , Althubaiti Shymaa Abdullah , Ahmasani Abdulhadi Mohammed I. , Fardan Ghadeer Mohamed , Alsaid Maryam Abotalb , Alhodibi Mostafa Habeeb
Published: January 2025

Background:

Dupilumab is a completely human monoclonal antibody that blocks the shared receptor component for interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, which are important factors in type 2 inflammation in a variety of illnesses. In this case, dupilumab’s safety and effectiveness in treating moderate-to-severe uncontrolled asthma were examined by a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods:

We searched PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus from the beginning until April 2024 using the following search strategy: ‘Dupilumab’ AND ‘Asthma’ to find relevant publications that needed to be screened in order to be considered for inclusion in our study.

Results:

Dupilumab showed a statistically significant higher increase in forced expiratory volume 1 s (FEV1) after treatment compared to placebo with standardised mean difference (SMD) of 1.09 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.41, 1.77, P = 0.002) and I
2 = 99%, P < 0.00001. Dupilumab showed a statistically significant decrease in the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) after treatment compared to placebo with SMD of − 5.22 (95% CI: −8.35, −2.1, P = 0.001) and I
2 = 100%, P < 0.00001. Dupilumab was associated with decreased exacerbation rate compared to placebo with odds ratio of 0.53 (95% CI: 0.29, 0.99, P = 0.04) and I
2 = 70%, P = 0.03.

Conclusion:

The current study provided a comprehensive overview of dupilumab’s efficacy in individuals with moderate-to-severe asthma when compared to a placebo by pooled analysis of randomised controlled trials. We demonstrated the great effectiveness of dupilumab in this patient group that had not responded to standard therapy, as seen by improvements in FEV1, ACQ and exacerbation rates.
Robot-assisted Radical Cystectomy versus Open Radical Cystectomy: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Almohsen Yezeid Faisal M. , Muthaffar Amjad Hassan , Shubayli Elaf Ali , Aljefri Shatha Hassan , Almutairi Futoon Obaid , Alhamad Fay Salah , Mashraqi Khadijah Omar , Albinsaad Loai Saleh
Published: January 2025

Background and Objective:

The second most prevalent genitourinary cancer and the fourth most frequent cancer overall in the US is bladder cancer (BCa). The majority of patients (70%) have non-muscle-invasive BCa (NMIBC), which has a 50%–70% recurrence rate and may proceed to 10%–20% of cases to muscle-invasive BCa (MIBC). The ultimate prognosis of patients with MIBC and NMIBC is mostly influenced by surgical therapy. Although radical cystectomy (RC) has undergone numerous modifications to optimise patient outcomes in terms of cost-effectiveness, cancer control and post-operative complications, it is still a morbid procedure with a variable rate of complications. Despite this, RC is still regarded as the gold standard of care. Robot-assisted RC (RARC) is becoming more and more evidence-based, and this has made it possible to make some first judgements on how successful RARC is in comparison to open RC (ORC). This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to provide a comprehensive overview highlighting the results of RARC comparison with ORC.

Methods:

Four electronic databases, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched for relevant studies until 20 April 2024. These outcomes operative time (min), blood loss, length of stay (days) and recurrence rate were assessed. Analysis was performed using R Studio software. The data extracted were in dichotomous and continuous forms and were entered as an event and a total for the risk ratio (RR) and mean and standard deviation for mean difference (MD) between the RARC and ORC groups, along with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random model.

Results:

Eight studies were systematically reviewed and included in the meta-analysis, involving 2566 patients. Of them, 971 were drug-resistant, and 1595 were drug-sensitive. Our analysis revealed that ORC was better regarding operative time; MD was 56.28 (95% CI 33.31; 79.24, P < 0.01), while RARC was associated with lower blood loss; MD was − 203.00 (−310.03; −95.9, P < 0.001). According to the length of hospital stay and recurrence rate, none of them was superior to the other; MD was − 0.43 (95% CI − 1.70; 0.84, P = 0.5); RR was 0.99 (95% CI 0.75; 1.30, P = 0.93).

Conclusion:

Our comprehensive research found that RARC is not inferior to ORC. In addition to highlighting the significance of evidence-based decision-making in urological practice, our results provide helpful information to both doctors and patients as they navigate BCa therapy choices. This finding is considered a cornerstone for refining new surgical techniques.
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials Comparing the Post-operative Efficacy of Ibuprofen and Acetaminophen in Paediatric Patients
Authors: Aleid Abdulsalam Mohammed , Mohammedsaleh Abdulhalim , Ajwah Yazeed Mahmoud H. , Hariri Mohammed Mustafa F. , Alawad Fatema Hani , Alshahrani Naif Yahya M , Asiri Mohammed Nasser , Al Mohaini Mohammad , Barnawi Mohammad
Published: January 2025

Background:

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of ibuprofen and acetaminophen in managing post-operative pain in paediatric patients. The review seeks to determine which analgesic is more effective in reducing pain intensity, minimizing post-operative agitation, and reducing the need for additional analgesics.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a comprehensive search across electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Statistical analyses were performed using R software 4.2.2. Effect sizes (Cohen’s d) and variances were calculated by first converting P values into Z-scores using Z = qnorm (1 − P/2) for two-tailed tests. Cohen’s d was then approximated as d = Z/√(n1 + n2)/2, where n1 and n2 are the sample sizes. Variance was calculated as 1/(n1 + n2). Heterogeneity was assessed with the Cochrane Q P value and I
2 statistic, using both random-effects and common effect models. Publication bias was evaluated with funnel plots and Egger’s regression test. The meta-analysis followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines.

Results:

The meta-analysis of five studies comparing ibuprofen and acetaminophen shows mixed results. The common effect model suggests that ibuprofen may be more effective, with a significant pooled effect size of 0.2642 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.1128–0.4156, P = 0.0006). However, the random effects model shows a slightly higher effect size of 0.3494 but is not statistically significant (P = 0.1668) with a 95% CI crossing zero. There is significant heterogeneity amongst the studies (I
2 = 78.1%, P = 0.0011). After excluding one study, heterogeneity decreased (I
2 = 30.5%), and the common effect model still showed a small, significant advantage for ibuprofen (effect size = 0.1761, 95% CI: 0.0178–0.3344, P = 0.0292). However, the random effects model did not show statistical significance (P = 0.1597).

Conclusion:

The meta-analysis suggests that ibuprofen may have a modest edge over acetaminophen for pain management, but the findings are inconsistent and vary depending on the analytical model used. The common effect model shows a statistically significant benefit for ibuprofen, but this is not supported when the variability between studies is considered in the random effects model. The significant heterogeneity amongst the studies makes the results more complex to interpret, although this variability is reduced when one outlier study is excluded from the study. Overall, while ibuprofen appears potentially more effective, additional research is necessary to validate these results.
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials Comparing the Post-operative Efficacy of Ibuprofen and Acetaminophen with Codeine in Paediatric Patients
Authors: Aleid Abdulsalam Mohammed , Khan Tanveer Nidal , Alabdullah Fatima Zaki , Alruwai Fatimah Essa , Alabdullah Mousa Zaki , Alshakhs Mohammed Afif , Alyousef Ali Hussain , Mohaini Mohammad Al , Albatshan Reem Sami Abdulaziz , Alkhars Ola Ahmad
Published: January 2025

Background:

To evaluate and compare the efficacy of ibuprofen and acetaminophen with codeine in managing post-operative pain in paediatric patients. The review seeks to determine which analgesic is more effective in reducing pain intensity, minimising post-operative agitation and reducing the need for additional analgesics.

Material and Methods:

We conducted a comprehensive search across electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. Statistical analyses were performed using R software 4.2.2. Effect sizes (Cohen’s d) and variances were calculated by first converting P values into Z-scores using Z = qnorm (1 − P/2) for two-tailed tests. Cohen’s d was then approximated as d = Z/√(n1 + n2)/2, where n1 and n2 are the sample sizes. Variance was calculated as 1/(n1 + n2). Heterogeneity was assessed with the Cochrane Q P value and I² statistic, using both random effects and common effect models. Publication bias was evaluated with funnel plots and Egger’s regression test. The meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Results:

The meta-analysis comparing ibuprofen to acetaminophen with codeine across five studies demonstrates a very small overall effect size favouring ibuprofen, with a standardised mean difference of 0.0701 (95% confidence interval: −0.0143–0.1545) in the random effects model. This effect is not statistically significant (P = 0.1034), and the confidence interval includes zero, suggesting that the observed difference may be attributable to chance. The heterogeneity assessment indicates no significant variation among studies (I² =0.0%, P = 0.4834), reflecting consistency in the results. Therefore, the analysis does not provide strong evidence for the superiority of ibuprofen over acetaminophen with codeine, as both treatments appear to offer similar efficacy.

Conclusion:

The meta-analysis indicates a minimal, statistically non-significant advantage for ibuprofen compared to acetaminophen with codeine. The results show no substantial difference between the two treatments, suggesting that both are similarly effective for pain management.
Development of an Environmental Audit Tool for Hospital Pharmacy
Authors: Roy Caitlin , Fox Kirsten , Tangedal Kirsten
Published: January 2025

Background: Health care contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, and pharmacy departments have many opportunities to reduce their emissions.
Objective: To describe the development and implementation of an environmental audit tool for hospital pharmacy departments.
Methods: A pharmacy environmental audit tool was developed by modifying a generic workplace audit tool to include pharmacy-specific content. The audit tool contained 22 categories, with scoring on a 4-point scale (from 0 to 3). Members of a volunteer committee completed the audit by observing practice areas. The lowest-scoring categories were then prioritized for action.
Results: Overall, the 4 main pharmacy sites in Regina, Saskatchewan, scored 23/66 (35%). Areas of strength identified in the audit included reuse of packaging materials, carpooling, and paperless meetings. Areas for improvement prioritized by the committee included paper use, plastic use, and recycling.
Conclusions: The pharmacy environmental audit tool described here can facilitate reflection on current practice, benchmarking, and goal setting. Pharmacy professionals have a role in leading change for the benefit of planetary health.
Keywords: hospital, pharmacy, environmental sustainability, audit tool, planetary health
RÉSUMÉ
Contexte : Le secteur des soins de santé contribue de manière significative aux émissions de gaz à effet de serre et les départements de pharmacie ont de nombreuses occasions de réduire leurs émissions.
Objectif : Décrire l’élaboration et la mise en œuvre d’un outil de vérification de l’impact environnemental pour les départements de pharmacie hospitalière.
Méthodologie : Un outil de vérification de l’impact environnemental des pharmacies a été mis au point en modifiant un outil de vérification générique pour les lieux de travail existant. Un contenu spécifique aux pharmacies y a été inclus. Cet outil comprenait 22 catégories avec une notation sur une échelle de 4 points (de 0 à 3). Des membres d’un comité bénévole ont réalisé la vérification en observant les domaines de pratique. Les catégories ayant obtenu les notes les plus basses ont ensuite été classées comme étant prioritaires.
Résultats : Les 4 principaux sites de pharmacies de Regina, en Saskatchewan, ont obtenu un score global de 23/66 (35 %) à l’aide de l’outil de vérification. Les forces dégagées comprenaient la réutilisation des matériaux d’emballage, le covoiturage et les réunions sans papier. Les domaines d’amélioration prioritaires définis par le comité comprenaient l’utilisation du papier, l’utilisation du plastique et le recyclage.
Conclusions : L’outil de vérification de l’impact environnemental des pharmacies décrit ici peut faciliter la réflexion sur les pratiques actuelles, l’analyse comparative et la définition d’objectifs. Les professionnels de la pharmacie ont un rôle à jouer dans la conduite du changement pour le bien de la santé de la planète.
Mots-clés : hôpital, pharmacie, durabilité environnementale, outil de vérification, santé de la planète
Bibliometric analysis on the top one hundred cited studies on gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: Sui Jing , Luo Jian-Sheng , Xiong Chao , Tang Chun-Yong , Peng Yan-Hua , Zhou Rui
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Gastrointestinal endoscopy has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. A great many of studies on gastrointestinal endoscopy have been done.

AIM

To analyze the characteristics of top 100 cited articles on gastrointestinal endoscopy.

METHODS

A bibliometric analysis was conducted. The publications and their features were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection, Science Citation Index-Expanded database. Excel, Web of Science database and SPSS software were used to perform the statistical description and analysis. VOSviewer software and MapChart were responsible for the visualizations.

RESULTS

The top 100 cited articles were published between 1976 and 2022. The guidelines (52%) and clinical trials (37%) are the main article types, and average publication year of the guidelines is much later than that of the clinical trials (2015 vs 1998). Among the clinical trials, diagnostic study (27.0%), cohort study (21.6%), case series (13.5%) and cross-sectional study (10.8%) account for a large proportion. Average citations of different study types and designs of the enrolled studies are of no significant differences. Most of the 100 articles were published by European authors and recorded by the endoscopic journals (65%). Top journals in medicine, such as the Lancet , New England Journal of Medicine and JAMA , also reported studies in this field. The hot spots of involved diseases include neoplasm or cancer-related diseases, inflammatory diseases, obstructive diseases, gastrointestinal hemorrhage and ulcer. Endoscopic surgery, endoscopic therapy and stent placement are frequently studied.

CONCLUSION

Our research contributes to delineating the field and identifying the characteristics of the most highly cited articles. It is noteworthy that there is a significantly smaller number of clinical trials included compared to guidelines, indicating potential areas for future high-quality clinical trials.
Microbial menace to kidney health: A review of the role of infections in acute kidney injury
Authors: Medugu N. , Adegboro B.
Published: January 2025

Acute kidney injury (AKI) of infectious aetiology is a complex condition that requires a comprehensive microbiological evaluation. This  includes sepsis workup, evaluation of urinary tract infection (UTI), assessment for viral, fungal, and bacterial infections, consideration of  the patient's microbiome, and vigilance towards antibiotic toxicity. Advanced molecular diagnostic tools such as metagenomic  sequencing and rapid point-of-caretesting, may offer future advances in accurate and timely identification of infectious aetiologies in AKI.  Careful antibiotic selection, dosing, and duration, taking into account renal function and potential toxicity, are crucial in the era of  increasing antibiotic resistance. The information presented in this review were obtained through a thorough literature search using  relevant search terms on various databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The review identified bacterial sepsis and  UTI as common infectious syndromes associated with AKI, but also emphasized the need to consider other infectious aetiologies  including viral, fungal and parasitic infections in certain clinical scenarios. The review also discussed the potential role of advanced  molecular diagnostic tools in identifying infectious aetiologies in AKI and the importance of careful antibiotic selection, dosing, and  duration. In conclusion, a comprehensive microbiological evaluation, coupled with the use of advanced diagnostic techniques and  antibiotic stewardship, is vital for the effective management of AKI from suspected infectious aetiology, which can aid optimize patient  outcomes.
Blood culture contamination in Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria: A five-year retrospective study
Authors: Oluwole T. O. , Otaigbe I. I. , Okunbor H. N. , Osinowo A. O. , Elikwu C. J.
Published: January 2025

Background: Bloodstream infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among in-patients globally. Blood culture is the ‘gold standard’ test for the diagnosis of bloodstream infections. The value of this valuable investigation in the diagnosis of infections however may be affected when an organism of questionable evidence is isolated, which occurs mainly due to contamination during the pre-analytical phase. Blood culture contamination can lead to the administration of unnecessary antibiotics, wastage of hospital resources, and risks to patient life. Hence, this study aimed to analyse the blood culture contamination rate in a private tertiary hospital in southwest Nigeria.Methodology: This was a retrospective observational study of patients with clinical features of bloodstream infections at Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria between January 2018 and December 2022. Blood culture results of patients in the wards or units of the hospital were reviewed, and contamination rates and organisms isolated from positive blood cultures were documented. Data were analysed using SPSS version 22.0Results: A total of 1,612 non-repetitive blood cultures were obtained from 1,612 patients (910 males and 702 females) during the study period, out of which 397 (24.6%) were positive, 1215 (75.4%) were negative, and 124 (7.7%) were deemed as contaminants. The contamination rate was higher in females (8.7%) than in males (6.9%), although the difference was not statistically significant (x2=1.501, OR=0.7816, 95% CI=0.5416-1.128, p=0.2204). The contamination rate was higher in adults (8.1%) than children (7.3%) with the highest contamination occurring in the age group 35-39 years (9.0%), although the difference was not statistically significant (x2=0.3227, OR=0.8835, 95% CI=0.6120-1.276, p=0.5700). The female surgical ward (11.9%) had the highest contamination rate while the accident and emergency had the lowest contamination rate (1.3%) but the difference was not statistically significant (x2=11.825, p=0.2970). Coagulase-negative staphylococci were the predominant blood culture contaminants. The contamination rate increased during the 5 years from 4.8% in 2018 to 9.4% in 2022Conclusion: The rate of blood culture contamination in our study is higher than the acceptable international rate, and mainly due to normal skin microbiota, suggesting challenges during sample collection. There is a need for a multidimensional approach to minimize blood culture contamination and hence avoid unnecessary antibiotic use.
Mpox: Changing epidemiology, evolving epidemic, new vaccine production, and way out in a resource-limited economy
Authors: Ebede S. O. , Orabueze I. N. , Nwafia I. N. , Ohanu M. E.
Published: January 2025

Mpox was declared public health emergency of continental security and public health emergency of international concern by the Africa CDC and the WHO in 2024 due to devastating global outbreak caused by newly emerged Mpox virus clades. The divergent virulent new clades are genetically and phylogenetically different from the previous ones that were endemic in Democratic Republic of the Congo, spreading to neighboring countries and other parts of the globe, with considerable morbidity and mortality. The emerged new circulating clades responsible for current epidemics are associated with changing epidemiology and new disease outcomes. Sexual transmission plays a key role in sustaining transmission, spread beyond Africa and affected mainly the sexually active young adults. To curb the menace of these epidemics, there is need to develop a polyvalent vaccine incorporating the various circulating clades. Mass vaccination with the proposed vaccine will achieve herd immunity in addition to effective infection prevention and control strategies.
Anti-dermatophytic activities and time-kill kinetics of the methanol extracts of Napoleona imperialis
Authors: Odeyemi O. , Enweani-Nwokelo I. B.
Published: January 2025

Background: Dermatophytosis is one of the most common cutaneous infections in the world. This is a superficial fungal infection that pose public health challenges to man and animals. The objective of this study is to evaluate the anti-dermatophytic activities of the different parts of Napoleona imperialis extract against selected clinical dermatophytes isolated from school children in Anambra State, Nigeria.Methodology: The pulverized materials of the authenticated plant parts were extracted using cold maceration method for 48 hours in methanol. Stock solutions of the extracts were prepared by dissolving 1000mg of the extract in 2ml of dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) to obtain a final concentration of 500mg/ml, that was used to primarily screen the plant extracts for their anti-dermatophytic activities on the selected dermatophytes by the agar well diffusion method. For determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), stock solution of the plant extracts was prepared by dissolving 10000mg of the extract in 2 ml of DMSO to attain a final concentration of 5,000 mg/ml, which was used to prepare different concentrations of the extract by 2-fold serial dilution. The extracts were then tested on selected dermatophytes consisting of two isolates of Trichophyton mentagrophytes, one isolate of Microsporum audouinii, one isolate of Microsporum canis, and two isolates of Microsporum ferrugineum. The time kill kinetics was also performed using standard method.Results: The mean (±SD) inhibition zone diameter produced by the stem bark extract against the different dermatophytes at concentration of 500mg/ml was significantly higher than all other plant extracts used (p<0.05) with M. ferrugineum as the most susceptible. The MICs and MFCs were the same for the leaf, root, stem bark and seed extracts of the plant, which ranged from 31.25-250 mg/ml for M. audouinii; 62.5-250 mg/ml for M. canis, and 0.978-62.5 mg/ml for M. ferrugineum 2. Similarly, the MICs and MFCs were the same for the root extract of the plant against T. mentagrophyte 2 (62.5 mg/ml), stem bark extract against T. mentagrophyte 1 (3.912 mg/ml) and against T. mentagrophyte 2 (1.956 mg/ml). The seed extract against T. mentagrophyte 1 and against M. ferrugineum 1 also had the same MIC and MFC (15.625 mg/ml). In the time -kill assay, there was drastic reduction in the number of viable cells count within 0-1 hour, and at 8-hour time period, there were no viable cells.Conclusion: Crude methanol extracts of N. imperialis stem bark exhibited higher fungicidal effect when compared to the other plant parts. This extract can be a complementary source of novel antifungal agents. The study provides evidence for the use of this plant in traditional settings for the treatment of dermatophytosis.
AJCEM - Celebrating 25 years of uninterrupted publication!
Authors: Taiwo S. S.
Published: January 2025

No abstract
Bacterial predatory potentials of indigenous Bdellovibrio species in southwest Nigeria: Targeting multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter species isolated from chronic wound infections
Authors: Ajigbewu O. H. , Oyedara O. O. , Wahab A. A. , Yusuf-Omoloye N. A. , Ajigbewu F. A. , Adeyemi F. M.
Published: January 2025

Background: Chronic wound infections could become life-threatening conditions when caused by multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp) pathogens. Alternative therapeutic approaches are vital for the therapy of infections caused by these pathogens and one of the biocontrol therapies is the application of Bdellovibrio spp, a Gram-negative bacterium with predatory potential against pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria.Methodology: This study isolated, and phenotypically and genotypically characterized Bdellovibrio spp from environmental sources including soil, pond waters, and faecal materials from cattle and poultry in Osogbo, southwest Nigeria using double-layered agar plating technique, with Klebsiella spp as prey. The prey range and predatory potentials of the isolated Bdellovibrio spp against 25 clinical bacterial isolates including 6 K. pneumoniae and 19 Enterobacter spp, recovered from chronic wound infections, was assessed using the same double-layered agar technique.Results: Five strains of Bdellovibrio isolated formed characteristic plaques on lawns of Klebsiella spp used as prey. At the molecular level, all the five strains, designated UAB, STU, PW2, PW5, and PW6, belonged to the genus Bdellovibrio, however, they exhibited different clustering patterns on the phylogenetic tree. Additionally, the prey range of the five Bdellovibrio strains on the bacterial isolates varied, with UAB, PW6, PW5, and PW2 preying upon 12 (48.0%), 12 (48.0%), 7 (28.0%), and 1 (4.0%) bacterial isolate respectively, while STU did not prey on any of the bacteria isolates.Conclusion: This research presents the first molecular characterization of Bdellovibrio spp in Nigeria, hence serving as a baseline study for future Bdellovibrio research in Nigeria. It also highlights the promising potential of Bdellovibrio spp in control of K. pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp associated with chronic wound infections.
Distillation plant performance implications of high distillate-purity during ethanol-water pre-concentration
Authors: Manyele Samwel Victor
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the effect of distillate purity on the performance of ethanol-water distillation column before azeotrope. The factors  affected include the required number of stages, reflux ratio, reboiler and condenser duties, investigated using different feed thermal  conditions. The model was set using Aspen Plus® V10 simulation software and used to establish the impact of operating conditions due  to high distillate purity. The aim was to increase distillate purity while minimizing energy consumption. The research highlights the  importance of modeling and simulation for optimizing distillation processes to reduce energy consumption. The feed flow rate was 1000  kmol/h, with composition ranging from 0.1 to 0.6 mol/mol. The number of stages varied from 8 to 20 while the reflux ratio ranged  between 1 and 8. The required number of stages, reflux ratio, condenser and reboiler duties increased with increasing desired distillate  purity. The reboiler and condenser duties increased with distillate purity according to 3rd order polynomial functions. It was concluded  that the pre-concentration column can concentrate dilute solutions to higher purity closer to the azeotropic point. Further studies were  recommended on the non-linear behavior and large energy consumption.
A new chemotype of Cananga odorata flowers for improved extraction of essential oils with bioeconomic perspectives in Eastern Africa
Authors: Havyarimana Léopold , De Cliff Steve
Published: January 2025

Due to its geographical position, Burundi benefits from several soil genesis factors and large variations in microclimates to which are  added water resources, which give to Burundi a floral heritage of great diversity. This study therefore aimed to assess the physicochemical properties (density, refractive index, acid index and ester index) as well as the associated organoleptic characteristics  (odor, color and appearance), of the essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation from fresh flowers of Annonaceae family tropical trees C.  Odorata, a chemotype cultivated and grown in Bujumbura, Burundi. Analyses of physicochemical properties values were done and  compared to reference values. It appears that for the refractive index, density and acid number, the findings of this study are within the  pre-established standards. More interesting, the value of ester number was very beyond the norm by a factor of almost two, breaking the  record already registered by AFNOR, therefore suggesting of an essential oil of exceptional quality. The findings presented in this  study also highlight the importance of C. Odorata chemotype from the plains of Burundi as a promising potential candidate for bio-based  products of public interests such as bio-based cosmetics and bio-based pharmaceuticals products, and therefore offer new  insights bioeconomics in health and well-being. Finally, this plant can easily be cultivated, not only in Burundi, but also in countries of the  Eastern Africa that share the same geoclimatic conditions as the Great African Rift.
Predictors of breast self-examination practices among female undergraduates in selected tertiary institutions in Ogun State, Nigeria: The Health Belief Model Approach
Authors: Fehintola Funmito O. , Onasoga Oluwaseun T. , Ogundele Olorunfemi. A. , Adegbenro Caleb A.
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION: The study assessed the knowledge and practices of breast self-examination and predictors among female undergraduates at Olabisi Onabanjo University and Babcock University in Ogun State using the Health Belief Model. 
METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 396 female undergraduates selected by multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using a pretested self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 25. A chi-square test was used to assess the association, while logistic regression was used to determine the predictors. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. 
RESULTS: The mean age of respondents was 16 ±2.5 years. The majority of the respondents, 292 (74.4%), had heard about breast self-examination, and more than half, 235 (59.9%) of the study participants had performed breast self-examination. Perceived susceptibility (AOR=1.62, 95%CI=1.31-1.87, p=0.003), perceived severity (AOR=1.81, 95%CI=1.53-1.91, p=0.034), perceived benefits (AOR=1.21, 95%CI=1.20-1.59, p=0.021) and perceived self -efficacy were predictors of self –breast examination (AOR=3.7, 95%CI=2.33-5.92, p<0.001). 
CONCLUSION: There was low practice of breast self-examination among respondents. Constructs of the health belief model were predictors of the practice of self-breast examination. There is a need for educational programs to enhance the constructs of the health belief model that can improve the practice regarding breast self-examination.
Body Weight and Height Estimation from Second- and Fourth-Digits Length in Nigerian Children
Authors: Opoola S. O. , Adebisi S. S. , Ibegbu A. O. , Nwankwo M.
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION: Accurate body weight and height estimation is crucial for pediatric healthcare, nutrition assessment, and forensic investigations. Traditional methods often rely on direct measurements, which may not always be feasible, especially in emergency or resource-limited settings. The present study aimed to develop regression equations for predicting body weight and height from the length of the second and fourth digits in male and female children in Nigeria. 
METHODS: 318 male children and 336 female children between the ages of 7-15 years selected from three primary schools in Zaria local government, Kaduna state, Nigeria, were used in the study. The height of each participant was measured using a stadiometer, while body weight was measured using a bathroom scale. The length of the second digit (2D) and fourth digit (4D) of both hands in each participant was measured as the distance from the basal crease of the digit to the tip of the digit using a Vernier Calliper. 
RESULTS: The result revealed that female children have significantly (P<0.05) longer 2D and 4D in both hands when compared to male children. It also showed that the body weight and height of children can be significantly (P < 0.001) predicted from the lengths of right and left 2D and 4D. 
CONCLUSION: Body weight and height can be estimated from the lengths of the right and left 2D and 4D.
Does foreign aid reduce income inequality in developing countries?
Authors: Nguyen Bon Van , Vu Tuong My Cat , Nguyen Thao Thi Thanh , Duong Nhi Buu , Pham Khoa Ngoc Anh , Le Toa Trieu Kim
Published: January 2025

Income inequality has become an increasingly pressing concern within developing economies. Foreign aid, a crucial source of financial assistance, plays a significant role in bridging the wealth gap in these nations. This paper delves into the research question of whether foreign aid effectively mitigates income inequality in developing countries. It does so by examining a dataset spanning from 2002 to 2022, encompassing 29 developing economies, and employs the difference GMM Arellano-Bond estimators. The results of this analysis demonstrate that foreign aid has a tangible and positive impact on reducing income inequality within these nations. In addition, economic growth plays a vital role in diminishing income inequality. On the flip side, trade openness and institutional quality exacerbate income inequality. These findings yield valuable policy insights for governments in developing countries, emphasizing the importance of utilizing foreign aid effectively as a means to combat income inequality.