bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification of primary lung tumors in dogs: 210 cases (1975-1985)
Authors: Ogilvie Gregory K. , Haschek Wanda M. , Withrow Stephen J. , Richardson Ralph C. , Harvey H. J. , Henderson Ralph A. , Fowler J. D. , Norris A. M. , Tomlinson J. , McCaw Dudley , Klausner J. S. , Reschke Robert W. , McKiernan Brendan C.
Published: February 2025

Two hundred ten dogs that had primary lung tumors diagnosed between 1975 and 1985 were evaluated. The majority of the tumors were classified as adenocarcinoma (74.8%) and alveolar carcinoma (20%). The most common clinical signs of disease were cough (52%), dyspnea (23.8%), lethargy (18.1%), weight loss (12.4%), and tachypnea (4.8%). The clinical methods that were most successful in directly or indirectly leading to a diagnosis of primary lung tumor were thoracic radiography (77.1%) and cytologic examination of fine-needle aspirate specimens (24.8%).
Injectable hyaluronic acid: a method for accelerating alveolar bone remodelling during orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Mourad Dler , Goymen Merve , Uzuner Fatma Deniz , Onal Tuna , Tuglu Mehmet Ibrahim
Published: February 2025

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMWHA) and low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA) on alveolar bone remodelling during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM).

Materials and methods

The study involved 60 Wistar-Albino rats, divided into two main groups and further divided based on time periods (1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days) therefore containing 6 rats in each subgroup. Orthodontic mesialisation of the maxillary first molars was bilaterally achieved using nickel-titanium closed coil springs. In Group I, the right side was injected with HMWHA, while in Group II, the right side was injected with LMWHA. The left side of all rats was injected with normal saline. OTM was measured using 3-dimensional digital models. Alveolar bone volume in the interradicular areas of the first molars was evaluated through histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG).

Results

Histologically, on days 14 and 21, the number of osteoclasts on the experimental sides was higher than on the control sides in both groups. On day 21, the amount of OTM in the HMWHA-injected group was 1.4 times greater than in the control group. Both types of hyaluronic acid increased the RANKL/OPG ratio.

Conclusion

The injection of HA may accelerate orthodontic tooth movement by decreasing alveolar bone density and enhancing bone cell proliferation.
Negative clean rings
Authors: Călugăreanu Grigore , Pop Horia F.
Published: February 2025

A ring is called negative clean if the negative (i.e., the additive inverse) of each clean element is also clean. Clean rings are negative clean.

In this paper, we develop the theory of the negative rings, with special emphasis on finding the clean matrices which have (or have not) clean negatives. Many explicit results are proved for 2 × 2 matrices and some hard to solve quadratic Diophantive equations are displayed.
Characterization of second type plane foliations using Newton polygons
Authors: Fernández-Sánchez Percy , García barroso Evelia R. , Saravia-Molina Nancy
Published: February 2025

In this article we characterize the foliations that have the same Newton polygon that their union of formal separatrices, they are the foliations called of the second type. In the case of cuspidal foliations studied by Loray [Lo], we precise this characterization using the Poincaré-Hopf index. This index also characterizes the cuspidal foliations having the same process of singularity reduction that the union of its separatrices. Finally we give necessary and sufficient conditions when these cuspidal foliations are generalized curves, and a characterization when they have only one separatrix.
A result of instability for two-temperatures Cosserat bodies
Authors: Marin M. , Vlase S. , Fudulu I.M.
Published: February 2025

In our study we consider a generalized thermoelasticity theory based on a heat conduction equation in micropolar bodies. Specifically, the heat conduction depends on two distinct temperatures, the conductive temperature and the thermodynamic temperature. In our analysis, the difference between the two temperatures is clear and is highlighted by the heat supply. After we formulate the mixed initial boundary value problem defined in this context, we prove the uniqueness of a solution corresponding some specific initial data and boundary conditions. Also, if the initial energy is negative or null, we prove that the solutions of the mixed problem are exponentially instable.
Algebraic Heun Operators with Tetrahedral Monodromy
Authors: Pleşca Iulia-Cătălina
Published: February 2025

Our work adds to the picture of second order differential operators with a full set of algebraic solutions, which we will call algebraic. We see algebraic Heun operators as pull-backs of algebraic hypergeometric operators via Belyi functions. We focus on the case when the hypergeometric one has a tetrahedral monodromy group. We find arithmetic conditions for the pull-back functions to exist. For each distribution of the singular points in the ramified fibers, we identify the minimal values of the exponent differences and we explicitly construct the dessin d’enfant corresponding to the pull-back function in the minimal cases. Then by allowing some parameters to vary, we find infinite families of such graphs, hence of Heun operators with tetrahedral monodromy.
On the three-spliced Exponential-Lognormal-Pareto distribution
Authors: Bâcă Adrian , Vernic Raluca
Published: February 2025

To model statistical data coming from two di erent distributions, Cooray and Ananda [1] introduced a composite (two-spliced) Lognormal-Pareto model, that was further extended by Scollnik [9] and fitted to insurance data. Inspired by these studies, more general three-spliced composite models are considered in this work, built by joining three di erent distributions. In particular, the study is focused on the three-spliced Exponential-Lognormal-Pareto distribution. The main characteristics of this model, as well as statistical inference are discussed. The parameters estimation is illustrated on random generated data.
Some general Gompertz and Gompertz-Makeham life expectancy models
Authors: Drăgan Mihăiţă
Published: February 2025

Life expectancy models are highly important, as they indicate the populations health. The present models consider several types of factors, and by analyzing them we extend the formulae to new, mixed types in order to create particular representations that are beneficial for creating future results and estimations.
Fuzzy stabilities of a new hexic functional equation in various spaces
Authors: Dutta Hemen , Kumar B.V. Senthil , Sabarinathan S.
Published: February 2025

The advantage of various fuzzy normed spaces is to analyse impreciseness and ambiguity that arise in modelling problems. In this paper, various classical stabilities of a new hexic functional equation in di erent fuzzy spaces like fuzzy Banach space, Felbin’s fuzzy Banach space and intuitionistic fuzzy Banach space are presented, concerning the Ulam’s theory of stabilities of equations. To validate the stability results, experimental results are presented. Also, a comparative study of the results obtained in this investigation are provided.
Min(Max-PSD) and Max(Min-PSD) as lifetime distributions in Network’s Reliability
Authors: Leahu Alexei , Andrievschi-Bagrin Veronica , Ciorbă Dumitru , Fiodorov Ion
Published: February 2025

In our paper we describe the corresponding dynamic mathematical models to perform a comparative analysis of the reliability of two types of networks: serial-parallel and parallel-serial when the number of subnetworks is constant and the numbers of units in each sub-network are Power Series Distributed (PSD) random variables (r.v.), but also when the lifetimes are independent, identically distributed r.v. We shows that the lifetime distributions of such kind of networks leads us to two new families of distributions called Min(Max-PSD) and Max(Min-PSD) distributions. The formulas for calculating the reliability of the related networks it was deduced too. Su cient conditions have been formulated for the serial-parallel network to always be more reliable than the parallel-serial network. Some graphically illustrated examples have been provided.
Ramanujan-type congruences modulo 4 for partitions into distinct parts
Authors: Merca Mircea
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we consider the partition function Q(n) counting the partitions of n into distinct parts and investigate congruence identities of the form

Q

(

p
⋅
n
+

p

2

-
1

24

)

≡
0
 
 
 

(

mod
4

)

,

Q\left( {p \cdot n + {{{p^2} - 1} \over {24}}} \right) \equiv 0\,\,\,\left( {\bmod 4} \right),

where p ⩾ 5 is a prime.
On some links between the generalised Lucas pseudoprimes of level k
Authors: Andrica Dorin , Bagdasar Ovidiu , Rassias Michael Th.
Published: February 2025

Pseudoprimes are composite integers sharing behaviours of the prime numbers, often used in practical applications like public-key cryptography. Many pseudoprimality notions known in the literature are defined by recurrent sequences. In this paper we first establish new arithmetic properties of the generalized Lucas and Pell-Lucas sequences. Then we study the recent notion of generalized Pell and Pell-Lucas pseudo-primes of level k, and find inclusions between the sets of pseudoprimes on different levels. In this process we extend several results concerning Fibonacci, Lucas, Pell, and Pell-Lucas sequences.
Solving the dynamic coloring problem for direct products of paths with fan graphs
Authors: Falcón Raúl M. , Gowri S. , Venkatachalam M.
Published: February 2025

This paper deals with the r-dynamic chromatic problem of the direct product of a path with a fan graph F

m,n
. The problem is completely solved except for the case n<r ∈{2m +2, 2m +3}, which is solved under certain assumptions. It enables us to determine in particular the dynamic chromatic number concerning this problem, for all r ≤ 7, and also, for all m ∈{1, 2}.
Residuated skew lattices with modal operator
Authors: Koohnavard Roghayeh , Saeid Arsham Borumand
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we define modal operators in residuated skew lattices and prove some fundamental properties of monotone modal operators on residuated skew lattices (RSL). We prove that the composition of two modal operators is a modal operator if and only if they commute. We investigate strong modal operators in RSL and get a characterization of them. Deductive systems under a modal operator are investigated.
On the torsional energy of torus knots under infinitesimal bending
Authors: Maksimović Miroslav D. , Rančić Svetozar R. , Najdanović Marija S. , Velimirović Ljubica S. , Ljajko Eugen S.
Published: February 2025

The article deals with the infinitesimal bending theory application to the knots theory. The impact of infinitesimal bending on the torsional energy at torus knots is considered, and the results show that it is not stationary under infinitesimal bending. The torsional energy variation is determined as well. We prove that there is no infinitesimal bending field that leaves torus curves on the torus. Besides, we define an infinitesimal bending field that does not tear the torus knots while bending. Having in mind the importance of visualization in the infinitesimal bending theory, we observed infinitesimal bending of a curve in that field using independently developed software. The graphs we obtained are presented in the paper and the torus knots are coloured according to their torsional energy. We calculated the numerical value of torsional energy under infinitesimal bending and, finally, the results are discussed using convenient specific examples.
The eigenspaces of twisted polynomials over cyclic field extensions
Authors: Owen Adam , Pumplün Susanne
Published: February 2025

Let K be a field and σ an automorphism of K of order n. Employing a nonassociative algebra, we study the eigenspace of a bounded skew polynomial f ∈ K[t; σ]. We mainly treat the case that K/F is a cyclic field extension of degree n with Galois group generated by σ.We obtain lower bounds on the dimension of the eigenspace, and compute it in special cases as a quotient algebra. Conditions under which a monic polynomial f ∈ F [t] ⊂ K[t; σ] is reducible are obtained in special cases.
Normalized solutions of Kirchhoff equations with Hartree-type nonlinearity
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Gao Yuning
Published: February 2025

In the present paper, we prove the existence of the solutions (λ, u) ∈ ℝ × H
1(ℝ3) to the following Kirchhoff equations with the Hartree-type nonlinearity under the general mass supercritical settings,

{

-

(

a
+
b

∫

ℝ

3

|

∇
u

|

2

d
x

)

Δ
u
-
λ
u
=

[

I

α

*

(

K

(
x
)

F

(
u
)

)

]

K

(
x
)

f

(
u
)

,

u
∈

H

1

(

ℝ

3

)

,

\left\{ {\matrix{{ - \left( {a + b\int\limits_{{\mathbb{R}^3}} {{{\left| {\nabla u} \right|}^2}dx} } \right)\Delta u - \lambda u = \left[ {{I_\alpha }*\left( {K\left( x \right)F\left( u \right)} \right)} \right]K\left( x \right)f\left( u \right),} \hfill \cr {u \in {H^1}\left( {{\mathbb{R}^3}} \right),} \hfill \cr } } \right.

where a, b > 0 are prescribed, I

α
= |x|

α

−3 is the riesz potential where α ∈ (0, 3), K ∈ 𝒞1(ℝ3, ℝ+) satisfies an explicit assumption and f ∈𝒞 (ℝ, ℝ) satisfies some weak conditions, we develop some new tricks for dealing with the Hartree-type term to overcome the difficulties produced by the appearance of non-constant potential K(x). This paper extends and promotes the previous results on prescribed L
2-norm solutions of the Kirchhoff-type equation.
Using t-Student and U-Mann-Whitney tests to identify differences in the study of the impact of the Covid 19 pandemic in online education in schools
Authors: Călin Mariana Floricica , Tuşa Enache
Published: February 2025

The pandemic has represented an extraordinary time similar to natural calamities that radically transformed the way of society had to function. Freedom of movement but also physical proximity were restricted, proportional to the danger to the health of the population. In this context, solutions had to be established for the continuation of public and social activities. Therefore, certain fields of activity have been favored by the evolution of information technology, transferring to the online environment. The objective of the research is to identify the problems that emerged in the online teaching activity, during the Covid-19 Pandemic, which were the methods applied by the teaching sta for teaching and whether the students were able to participate and understand the notions taught in the online activity. The test t-Student and U-Mann-Whitney test were used to identify differences in the study of the impact of the Covid 19 pandemic in online education in schools in preuniversitary level.
On Various 2-absorbing prime ideals in non commutative rings
Authors: Palanikumar M. , Jana Chiranjibe , Pal Madhumangal , Leoreanu-Fotea V.
Published: February 2025

In this paper we analyze strongly 2-absorbing prime ideals (shortly strongly 2-API), strongly 2-absorbing weak prime ideals (shortly strongly 2-AWPI) and 2-absorbing weak prime ideals (shortly 2-AWPI) in a non-commutative ring, which represent generalization of prime ideals (shortly PI) in a non-commutative ring. The relationship between the strongly 2-API and the 2-absorbing prime ideal (shortly 2-API) is examined. We provide examples to illustrate the new concept of strongly m
a
1-system and strongly m
a
2-system as well as the relationships beween them. Let I be an ideal of 𝒭 and 𝒨 be a strongly m
a
1-system such that I ∩ 𝒨 = ϕ. Then there exists a strongly 2-API 𝒫 of 𝒭 containing I such that 𝒫 ∩ 𝒨 = ϕ. We prove that 𝒫 is a strongly 2-API if and only if 𝒜
1
𝒜
2
𝒜
3 ⊆ 𝒫 implies that 𝒜
1 ⊆ 𝒫 or 𝒜
2 ⊆ 𝒫 or 𝒜
3 ⊆ 𝒫 for all ideals 𝒜
1
, 𝒜
2 and A
3 of 𝒭.
Construction of reversible cyclic codes over 𝔽
q
+ u𝔽
q
+ u
2𝔽
q
Authors: Rehman Nadeem ur , Ahmad Mohammad Fareed , Azmi Mohd
Published: February 2025

Let q be a power of prime p. In this article, we investigate the reversible cyclic codes of arbitrary length n over the ring R = 𝔽
q
+u𝔽
q
+ u
2𝔽
q
, where u
3 = 0 mod q. Further, we find a unique set of generators for cyclic codes over R and classify the reversible cyclic codes with their generators. Moreover, it is shown that the dual of reversible cyclic code over R is reversible. Finally, some examples of reversible cyclic codes are provided to justify the importance of these results.
Computing the total H-irregularity strength of edge comb product of graphs
Authors: Wahyujati Mohamad Fahruli , Susanti Yeni
Published: February 2025

A simple undirected graph = (V
Γ
, E
Γ) admits an H-covering if every edge in E belongs to at least one subgraph of that is isomorphic to a graph H. For any graph admitting H-covering, a total labelling β : V
Γ ∪E
Γ→{1, 2, …, p} is called an H-irregular total p-labelling of Γ if every two different subgraphs H
1 and H
2 of isomorphic to H have distinct weights where the weight wβ
(K) of subgraph K of Γ is defined as

w

f

(
K
)

:
=

∑

v
∈

V

K

f

(
v
)

+

∑

e
∈

E

K

f

(
e
)

{w_f}\left( K \right): = \sum\limits_{v \in {V_K}} {f\left( v \right) + \sum\limits_{e \in {E_K}} {f\left( e \right)} }

. The smallest number p for which a graph admits an H-irregular total p-labelling is called the total H-irregularity strength of Γ and is denoted by ths(Γ). In this paper, we determine the total H-irregularity strength of edge comb product of two graphs.
Inequalities for pq
th-dual mixed volumes
Authors: Zhao Chang-Jian , Bencze Mihály
Published: February 2025

In the paper, our main aim is to generalize the q
th dual volume to Lp
space, and introduce pq
th-dual mixed volume by calculating the first order variation of q
th dual volumes. We establish the Lpq
-Minkowski inequality for pq
th-dual mixed volumes and Lpq
-Brunn-Minkowski inequality for the q
th-dual volumes, respectively. The new inequalities in special case yield some new dual inequalities for the q
th-dual volumes.
Functional equations on discrete sets
Authors: Glavosits T. , Karácsony Zs.
Published: February 2025

Let Y (+) be a group, D ⊆ ℤ2 where ℤ(+, ⩽) denotes the ordered group of all integers, and ℤ2 := ℤ×ℤ. We shall use the notations Dx
:= {u ∈ ℤ | ∃v ∈ X : (u, v) ∈ D}, Dy
:= {v ∈ ℤ | ∃u ∈ ℤ : (u, v) ∈ D}, D

x+y
:= {z ∈ ℤ | ∃(u, v) ∈ D : z = u + v}. The main purpose of the article is to find sets D ⊆ ℤ2 that the general solution of the functional equation f (x+y) = g(x)+h(y) for all (x, y) ∈ D with unknown functions f : D

x+y
→ Y, g : Dx
→ Y, h : Dy
→ Y is in the form of f (u) = a(u) + C
1 + C
2 for all u ∈ Dx
+
y
, g(v) = a(v) + C
1 for all v ∈ Dx
, h(z) = a(z) + C
2 for all z ∈ Dy
where a : ℤ → Y is an additive function, C
1, C
2 ∈ Y are constants.
A generalization of n-ary prime subhypermodule
Authors: Nikmehr M. J. , Nikandish R. , Yassine A. , Hila K. , Hoskova-Mayerova S.
Published: February 2025

Let (M, f, g) be an (m, n)-hypermodule over an (m, n)-hyperring (R, h, k). A proper subhypermodule N of M is called n-ary 2-absorbing subhypermodule if whenever g(r
1

n−

1, m) ⊆ N for some r
1

n−

1 ∈ R and m ∈ M, then either g(r
1

n−1, M) ⊆ N or g(ri, m, 1
R

(n−2)) ⊆ N for some i ∈ {1, . . ., n − 1}. Various properties of n-ary 2-absorbing subhy-permodules are investigated. In particular, it is shown that if N is a subhypermodule of an (m, n)-hypermodule (M, f, g) over an (m, n)- hyperring (R, h, k), then N is n-ary 2-absorbing if and only if whenever g(I
1, I
2, 1
R

(n−3), L) ⊆ N for some hyperideals I
1, I
2 of R and subhyper- module L of M, then either g(I
1, I
2, 1
R

(n−3), M) ⊆ N or g(I
1, 1
R

(n−2), L) ⊆ N or g(I
2, 1R
(n−2), L) ⊆ N. Also, n-ary 2-absorbing subhypermodules in multiplication (m, n)-hypermodules are studied.
Some results in the level sets of some bipolar fuzzy relations
Authors: Li R. , Onasanya B. O. , Yusuff S. O. , Feng Y.
Published: February 2025

In this paper, some properties of a BPFR were studied. Also, level sets of BPFRs were studied with their properties. Some results were given and, in some cases, examples and counter-examples were constructed. In particular, we have shown that if a BPFR Q is a subset of another BPFR ρ, (s, t)-level (or strong level) subsets of Q are classical subsets of the (s, t)-level (or strong level) subsets of ρ and that the strong level subsets of a BPFR is a subset of the ordinary level subset of the same among others. By these, we have improved on some of the results in the previous work and have laid the right foundation for further works on these concepts.
Linear Skew Cyclic Codes over 𝔽
q
S
Authors: Yildirim Tulay
Published: February 2025

In this study, we focus on skew cyclic codes over the family of rings 𝔽q S where q is a power of a prime number and S = 𝔽q + v𝔽q with v
2 = v. Structural properties of these codes are studied in detail. Obtained results lead us to characterize 𝔽q S-linear skew cyclic codes. All the minimal spanning sets and generators of these codes are presented. Furthermore, some good 𝔽q -linear codes are obtained as images of the 𝔽q S-linear skew cyclic codes under the Gray mapping.
Approximate solution for a malaria model using the homotopy analysis method
Authors: Duru Emmanuel Chidiebere , Mbah Godwin C.E.
Published: February 2025

Malaria as an infectious disease is caused by the Plasmodium parasite, and transmitted amongst humans through the bites of the female Anopheles mosquito. In this work, we used a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations to present a new model for the disease. The model incorporated vaccination, treatment and vector control using sterile-insect technology. Sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the parameters which affect the endemicity of the disease. The approximate solutions of the system were obtained using the homotopy analysis method. The results obtained showed the region of convergence for the solutions. Plots were used to show this convergence region, highlighting the advantage of HAM over many other approximation methods. MATLAB and Maple were used in the simulation and mathematical analysis.
Filtering theory for an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process driven power system dynamics
Authors: Hirpara Ravish H.
Published: February 2025

This paper revisits the non-Markovian state vector of an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process-driven power system dynamics in non-linear filtering framework. The Fokker-Planck setting accounts for the process noise correction term and ignores the observation noise correction term in the analysis of stochastic systems. This paper introduces the notion of the ‘Kushner-Stratonovich setting’, which accounts for the process noise as well as observation noise correction terms in the conditional moment evolution equation. The Kushner-Stratonovich setting is the cornerstone formalism of nonlinear filtering problems of stochastic control systems. We wish to estimate the rotor angle from given observations using two non-linear filters: (i) a Gaussian non-linear filter, and (ii) the extended Kalman filter. This paper develops two non-linear filters for a filtering model for the machine rotor angle, in which the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process is the process noise and the Brownian noise process is the observation noise. The filter efficacy is examined by utilizing quite extensive numerical experimentations with two sets of data.
Barriers and Drivers by Sustainability School Community Projects Implementation: What Changes Appeared
Authors: Janoušková Svatava , Bílek Martin , Boesen Jesper
Published: February 2025

School-community projects have become essential components of educational systems worldwide, aiming to engage students and local communities in collaborative initiatives. This article explores the implementation of school community projects, focusing on sustainability themes, by addressing two research questions: RQ1 examines the current knowledge about barriers and drivers in school-community projects, and RQ2 investigates how these factors have evolved in response to critical societal changes. Experts’ perspectives on open schooling projects conducted in 2022 and 2023 were collected using retrospective think-aloud interviews. The study adhered to ethical principles, ensuring participant anonymity and consent. The findings reaffirm previously identified barriers and drivers, such as the significance of leadership commitment, effective communication, and student engagement. However, our research unveils novel insights, highlighting the challenges posed by declining student well-being, eco-anxiety, and diminished interest in projects, notably among older students. Puberty, environmental grief, and post-pandemic effects are identified as contributing factors. Teachers emphasise the importance of hands-on activities within project curricula to mitigate these challenges, bridging the gap between theory and application. Collaborative decision-making and planning also play a crucial role, with difficulties arising from perceiving sustainability projects as solely science-oriented. Furthermore, our study suggests that while long-term partnerships with external stakeholders are valuable, it is essential to limit the frequency of projects to prevent burnout among participants. In conclusion, our findings underscore the need for a holistic approach to project design, including mental health considerations and interdisciplinary collaboration, to maximise the positive impact of such initiatives in an ever-changing educational landscape.
Environmental Awareness of the Personnel of the Slovenian Armed Forces: Self-Identification as a Basis for Strengthening the Environmental Aspect of Civil-Military Relations
Authors: Grčar Silvo , Sotlar Andrej , Eman Katja
Published: February 2025

Military activities have a certain impact on the environment and are therefore regulated by national legislation and internal regulations. Strategic and development documents from the field of defense include aspects of environmental protection, sustainable use and energy efficiency. The modernization of the Slovenian Armed Forces and investments in sustainable technology present new opportunities and bring some risks. Among members of the Slovenian Armed Forces, a high level of environmental awareness is expressed, although depending on the status of the members, there are differences in attitudes about the impact of military activities on the environment. The environmental aspect of civil-military relations in the Republic of Slovenia is of strategic importance in order for the Slovenian Armed Forces to maintain its reputation as a credible and environmentally responsible institution and more comprehensively fulfill its functional imperative in the long term.
Strategic Culture and the U.S. Engagement in the Russia-Ukraine Conflict
Authors: Kogoj Mark
Published: February 2025

The paper examines the strategic culture and the U.S. engagement in the Russia-Ukraine conflict between February 2014 and September 2024. It identifies and examines traditional elements of American strategic culture, such as the idea of American exceptionalism, the liberal philosophical tradition, internationalist foreign policy, the role of NATO and the strategy of indirect engagement, the role of public opinion and the influence of the Protestant ethic, and technical fetishism. Traditional elements of American strategic culture are reflected in and explain US behavior in the Russia-Ukraine conflict. The US behavior in the Russia-Ukraine conflict confirm the pattern of continuity within the US strategic culture.
Analysis of the Actors of the Ukrainian-Russian War: After Two and a Half Years (February 2022-July 2024)
Authors: Červek Luka Ružičič
Published: February 2025

The Russo-Ukrainian War was the first major conflict in Europe since the Balkan Wars. The conflict has been ongoing since 2014 with the annexation of Crimea. Russia expected a quick and easy victory and the subjugation of Ukraine in its February 2022 attack. Russian forces encountered fierce resistance from the Ukrainian army and civilian population. Russian troops were forced to reorganise and focus on the southeastern part of Ukraine. The aggression was met with a solid international response and condemnation, and many countries imposed sanctions against Russia. Western countries, led by the USA and the EU, supported Ukraine with extensive humanitarian and military assistance. The article analyses the conflict using the Birmingham method and focuses on the key actors. The conclusion summarises the analysis of the possibility of ending the conflict and provides strategic reflection.
Examining The Time Prisoners Study Using E-Learning While In Prison: Sustainability of E-Learning Programs in Prison
Authors: Mahlangu Vimbi Petrus
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the amount of time that convicts dedicate to studying through e-learning while in jail, with the goal of comprehending their drive despite difficult living conditions. The qualitative research was carried out at a jail in Namibia, using interviews as the method of data collection, in accordance with an interpretive paradigm. Thematic analysis was conducted on verbatim transcriptions of tape-recorded interviews. Namibia’s judicial system has shifted its focus from punitive measures to prioritizing prisons and community reintegration. Prisoners exhibit a resolute commitment to furthering their education using e-learning programs, regardless of the constraints imposed by their surroundings. Through the adoption of e-learning opportunities, inmates are given the ability to overcome obstacles to education that are typically linked to being incarcerated, such as having limited access to educational resources and restricted study hours. E-learning platforms offer jailed individuals a flexible and easily accessible method of acquiring knowledge and skills, enabling them to pursue academic interests and career goals. Furthermore, the results indicate that e-learning programs have the capacity to foster optimism and a sense of direction among incarcerated individuals, providing them with a means to rehabilitate and reintegrate into society effectively after their release. Through participation in educational endeavors, jailed prisoners not only obtain academic credentials but also cultivate important life skills and competencies that are crucial for their reintegration into society.
Critical Literacy Sustainability: What Pedagogical Practices? Whose Role?
Authors: Thamae Lipolelo , Matee Lihotetso Gloria
Published: February 2025

In today’s fast-changing world, it is essential to equip English as a Second Language learners with strong literacy skills, empowering them to critically assess information, adjust to technological shifts, and engage in global discussions. However, what remains questionable is the suitable pedagogical practices and the teachers’ and the learners’ roles in sustaining literacy in an education system: this study explored pedagogical practices and investigated both stakeholders’ roles in sustaining literacy among ESL learning. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, drawing on two theoretical frameworks: Legitimation Code Theory and Constructivism. Data collection involved tests, questionnaires, document analysis, focus groups, and observations, with analysis conducted using thematic (Atlas.ti), Excel and ANCOVA via Stata17 in SPSS. Results verified that employing semantic gravity and density sustain critical literacy skills. Notably, the null hypothesis (ℎ0) was rejected, confirming influence of the application of semantic gravity and density on informing critical literacy teaching practices.
Citizenship education in Lithuanian preschool education : The teachers’ view
Authors: Bražienė Nijolė , Kovienė Skaistė
Published: February 2025

In Lithuania, citizenship education for preschool children was not regulated until 2022, and consequently the related issues have not yet received much attention from Lithuanian researchers. However, based on the insights of scientists from other countries it can be argued that in order for children to be active citizens when they grow up, it is important to develop their civic attitudes and behaviour in early childhood. The aim of the research presented in the article is to find out teachers’ attitudes towards citizenship education for young children in Lithuanian preschool education. Summarising the results of a structured group interview, we can state that in Lithuanian preschool education institutions, children receive only a fragmentary and superficial education in citizenship, because, on the one hand, teachers have a narrow conception/understanding of citizenship and, on the other hand, they basically do not understand the content of the citizenship education programme and what components constitute citizenship competence. However, it should be noted that teachers understand the need to change the current practice, but they do not know how this can be done.
Mouse Nucleolus-Like Body Supports Transcription and Enhances Processing of rRna in Porcine Enucleolated Oocytes
Authors: Morovic Martin , Strejcek Frantisek , Benc Michal , Bartkova Alexandra Rosenbaum , Stachovicova Sara , Popovska-Percinic Florina , Dovenska Monika , Laurincik Jozef
Published: February 2025

Fully-grown mammalian oocytes contain morphologically evident but transcriptionally inactive nucleoli called “nucleolus-like bodies” (NLBs). These nuclear structures are essential for early embryonic development. Removing oocyte NLBs (enucleolation) before their activation leads to developmental failure, mainly at the time point of embryonic genome activation. The present study examined the developmental and expression dynamics of embryos derived from intra- (pig) and interspecies (mouse) nucleolus (NLB) transferred porcine oocytes after parthenogenetic activation. Activation of rDNA transcription and pre-rRNA processing in NLB re-injected embryos was observed by real-time qRT-PCR analysis, targeting the expression rates of 45S rRNA and levels of 18S rRNA. Reinjection of NLBs from mouse or porcine GV oocytes into the enucleolated MII stage porcine oocytes supported the embryonic development up to the blastocyst stage after their activation. Intra- and intergeneric NLB transferred embryos demonstrated rDNA transcription initiation at the 8-cell stage, corresponding with the embryonic genome activation in porcine parthenogenetic embryos (control). The measured levels of 18S rRNA in these experimental embryos showed delayed initiation of pre-rRNA processing at the blastocysts stage compared with the control (8-cell stage). However, the porcine embryos with re-injected mouse NLB displayed significantly higher levels of 18S rRNA than the control and experimental intraspecies group. In conclusion, NLBs from different mammal species (mouse) can enhance the quality of enucleolated porcine oocytes and thus support their early embryonic development after activation.
Transgressing the Borders of Art and Non-art: The Case of Elmerice Parts and Herman Kolt-Oginsky
Authors: Maripuu Anne-Liis
Published: February 2025

Modern dance made its way to Estonia in the 1910s. By putting on stage a new woman and picturing her in a new way, modern dance challenged many members of society, sometimes even being seen as disgraceful. In 1926 and 1927, Elmerice Parts (1878–1974) and Herman Kolt-Oginsky (1902–1977) created scandals with their dance numbers in Estonia. According to reviewers, the dancers transgressed the line between art and non-art. The artists were attacked for making use of acrobatic and “erotic” elements; not surprisingly, the latter aspect was seen more critically. The aim of this article is to understand where the line between art and non-art lay in the 1920s. I come to the conclusion that artfulness was associated predominantly with spirituality and the unconscious: When the dancer focused on bodily experiences and highlighted their physical body parts, it became non-art. The main source of information is articles published in print media in 1926 and 1927. I analysed the data using qualitative methods.
Evaluation of the Reliability of a Physical Activity Questionnaire Proposal for Girls Aged 8-11 with Postural Disorders
Authors: Chwalewska Wioleta , Wiernicka Marzena
Published: February 2025

Introduction.
Regular physical activity (PA) protects both the mental and physical health of individuals across all age groups. Documented health benefits for children include improved physical fitness and endurance, reduced risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, lower likelihood of depression and obesity, enhanced bone density, improved cognitive functioning, and better posture. A review of the literature did not identify any questionnaire that had been translated and adapted to Polish conditions in order to assess PA in children aged 8-11. Therefore, a Physical Activity Questionnaire was developed. The aim of this study was to evaluate its reliability for a group of girls aged 8-11 with postural disorders.

Material and Methods.
The study group consisted of 32 female students aged 8-11 with postural disorders in the transverse plane. The Physical Activity Questionnaire includes three questions that were developed based on the PAQ-A (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents) and HBSC. The selected questions were adapted to the assessed age group. The validation of the questionnaire was conducted using the test-retest method.

Results.
The reliability of individual items in the questionnaire was assessed using the ICC/KAPPA coefficient, depending on the type of variable. It was found that most items (except for items 3.7 and 3.18) demonstrated good reliability. This also applies to the questionnaire as a whole (ICC = 0.85; p < 0.001). Sufficient repeatability across successive tests was confirmed.

Conclusions.
The Physical Activity Questionnaire is a relatively reliable tool for determining the level of physical activity in girls aged 8-11 with postural disorders.
Free Independent Travelers (FITS) Travel Preferences and Behavior: A Post-Endemic Perspective
Authors: Kamaruddin Nhajril , Amir Ahmad Fitri , Ali Quratulain Syahirah Awang , Hanafiah Mohd Hafiz
Published: February 2025

Introduction.
This empirical study investigates the outbound travel preferences, risk perception, and behavior of Free Independent Travelers (FITs), specifically focusing on the post-endemic perspective.

Material and Methods.
Data were collected from 345 respondents using a purposive sampling method. The data were analyzed using Partial-least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) through SmartPLS 4.0 software.

Results.
Contrary to much existing literature, the study revealed that perceived threat and transmission risks did not negatively impact FITs’ travel intentions. Instead, both risk perceptions positively influenced travel attitudes, likely due to post-pandemic factors such as government mitigation measures and high vaccination rates. Additionally, FITs’ travel intentions were significantly influenced by their attitudes and perceived behavioral control.

Conclusions.
The study contributes to the emerging discourse on post-pandemic travel behaviors by challenging traditional assumptions about the role of risk perception in shaping travel decisions. It shows that perceived risks do not deter FITs’ travel intentions post-pandemic. Instead, these risks positively influence travel attitudes, highlighting the role of mitigation measures and vaccination rates, and offering fresh perspectives on travel behavior in a post-endemic world.
Strategies of Formerly Incarcerated Balinese Women in Fighting Social Stigma
Authors: Narawati Made , A. Rosenbaum Stephen , Beratha Ni Luh Sutjiati , Suarka I Nyoman , Kusuma I Nyoman Weda , Putra I Nyoman Darma
Published: February 2025

As in other regions of Indonesia, after serving their prison sentences, many women in Bali face difficulties in re-integrating into society. This article aims to reveal the strategies employed by formerly incarcerated Balinese females in combating social stigma. The chosen cases include embezzlement, identity fraud, and drug-related offenses, with the intention of understanding the challenges faced by these women. Data were collected through observation and interviews, focusing on the strategies utilized by three women to fight stigma and the legal perspectives regarding their stigmatization of these women. The analysis concludes that the patriarchal culture extends the arena of stigmatization for former Balinese female prisoners, as they have lost certain rights within their families and traditional socio-cultural norms. Stigma presents challenges for them in leading a normal life and hinders their social reintegration. Certain legal provisions reinforce this stigma, leading to discriminatory effects. This article encourages communities of former friends to participate in supporting them, so they become aware and do not reoffend. In this context, the role of the government and customary institutions is crucial in assisting former prisoners to return to normal societal life. Specifically, the BAPAS, the institution which, under Indonesian law, carries out the function of community guidance, plays an active part in accompanying former prisoners to ensure they regain their full rights as citizens.
Legal Frameworks and the Efficacy of a Sustainable Livelihood Program for Victims of Mount Merapi Eruption
Authors: Triyana Heribertus Jaka , Prasetiyo Putri Widhyastiti
Published: February 2025

Subsequent to the significant volcanic catastrophe of Mount Merapi eruption in 2010 in Yogyakarta, the Indonesian government, with assistance from non-governmental organizations, commercial organizations, and international benefactors, initiated sustainable livelihood programs for the affected survivors. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a collaborative approach within the sustainable livelihoods program by analyzing key initiatives and interviewing critical stakeholders and communities, focusing on its impact on the resilience of victims' livelihoods following the Mount Merapi eruption in 2010. In this regard, this study aims to cross-examine the legal frameworks, achievements, community actual activities, efforts, and multiplier effects of the livelihood resilience in Cangkringan Subdistrict in order to give feedback in the future as one of the crucial elements of community capacity to mitigate upcoming eruptions as their own culture of adaptation. The social-legal study was conducted through legal analysis of legal instruments on disaster management and primary data collected from the field, such as interviews from farmers, pen breeders, and horticulture respondents, as well as from resource persons such as local authorities and representatives of the Merapi Resilience Consortium and International Organization for Migration, which were involved after the eruption between 2010-2015. Essential components of effective coordination and the allocation of resources among stakeholders and local authorities have proven instrumental in fostering livelihood resilience, despite persistent challenges such as limited access to training, networking opportunities, and essential assets.
Constitutional Safeguard for Preservation of Democratic Political Culture and the Legitimacy of Political Porting in Nigeria
Authors: Godspower Ehirim Ugochukwu , Bernice Ohwomeregwa Ogechi , Flora Ehirim Nwanneka , Koiki-Owoyele Adeyinka
Published: February 2025

Political parties are the mainstay of democratic governance, critical to policy formulation and to sustain of political structure in modern states. They are driven by entrenched ideologies besides their focus on attaining economic and political powers. Political porting one of the trending epithets for cross-carpeting, has become too frequent a phenomenon as to be capable of torpedoing Nigeria’s nascent democracy. The resurgence of this ugly tend and the near-anarchy situation in Rivers State of Nigeria has reignited the arguments around the legitimacy of this political culture. This article examines the constitutional enactments and judicial authorities as they impact on the choice of an elected political office holder to defect to another political party while still holding office. It also situates Nigeria’s democracy within international norm which should interest the universal institutions to support. Adopting the doctrinal research method, the article reveals the inadequacy of the anti-defection provisions of the laws in Nigeria as well as the weakness of the judiciary to rise to the occasion. The article recommends law reforms as well as a clear-cut ideology for political parties to guarantee the survival of democracy in Nigeria.
Cataract surgery in patients with shallow anterior chamber syndrome after sinustrabeculectomy complicated by choroidal detachment
Authors:   Kirov state ophthalmology hospital, Kudryavtseva Y.V. ,   FSBEI HE Kirov SMU MOH Russia
Published: February 2025

The shallow anterior chamber syndrome combines conditions that differ in pathogenesis, is accompanied by the formation of anterior and posterior synechiae, the progression of cataracts, dystrophic corneal changes, and secondary glaucoma. In some cases, cataract removal is required against the background of hypotension, a shallow anterior chamber and reduced visualization due to corneal edema.

The purpose of the work was to evaluate the effectiveness of cataract surgery in patients with small anterior chamber syndrome after trabeculectomy complicated by vascular detachment using clinical examples. The indication for surgical treatment of cataract was its progression against the background of hypotension, grinding of the anterior chamber and dystrophic changes of the cornea. It has been shown that even in the case of successful surgery and a smooth early postoperative period, the further course of the process can be different: from recurrence of vascular detachment to the need to return to antihypertensive therapy. Further study of this issue is necessary.

Keywords: complicated cataract, hypotension after sinustrabeculectomy, shallow anterior chamber syndrome
Phototherapeutic keratectomy efficiency in treatment of persistent and recurrent erosions of keratograft
Authors:   S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia, Kudryashova E.V. , Churashov S.V. ,   S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia, Mikhailov P.P. ,   S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia
Published: February 2025

Purpose. To evaluate the efficacy of phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) in the treatment of persistent and recurrent keratograft erosions after penetrating keratoplasty.

Material and methods. A series of 6 clinical cases of patients with persistent or recurrent keratograft epithelial defects after penetrating keratoplasty that were not treatable by conservative methods is presented. All patients underwent phototherapeutic keratectomy.

Results and discussion. In all cases, full epithelialization was achieved in 3.7 ± 0.8 days. According to the LogMAR scale, visual acuity was 1.79 ± 0.24 before treatment and 1.04±0.21 on the tenth day after PTK, p = 0.027, no changes at later follow-up period. The average follow-up period, during which no recurrence of the epithelial defect was detected in any of the cases, was 5.8 ± 1.6 months. In none of the cases did patients use bandage soft contact lens later than 12 days after FTK.

Conclusion. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of treatment of persistent and recurrent epithelial defects of the keratograft using PTK in severe, long-term and resistant cases. PTK allows leads to fast and complete epithelialization of the defect, relief of symptoms and increased visual acuity long-term, regardless of the cause of the epithelial defect.

Keywords: keratoplasty; phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK); corneal erosion