bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Competitiveness and overtourism: a proposal for an early warning system in Spanish urban destinations
Authors: Perles-Ribes José , Ramón-Rodríguez Ana , Moreno-Izquierdo Luis , Such-Devesa María
Published: February 2022

The tourism industry is undergoing accelerated changes that pose significant challenges for both destination and business managers as well as for researchers of the tourism phenomenon. Two of these challenges that are particularly relevant are the emergence of the sharing economy and its influence on the degree of overtourism perceived in the tourist destinations. This paper addresses the subject through the use of machine learning techniques. The findings show that machine learning techniques are especially well-suited tools for dealing with these kinds of tourism issues. The findings also show that for the Spanish case, tourism competitiveness is a key predictor of overtourism
Airport Technical Efficiency and Business Model Innovations: A Case of Local and Regional Airports in Thailand
Authors: Chutiphongdech Thanavutd
Published: February 2022

The growth in demand for air transport and budget constraints put the pressure on airport development. Therefore, airports worldwide need to finance themselves and look for better managerial tools to improve airport efficiency. Business models and business model innovations as a means of strategic management are proved to have positive impacts on performance. However, the studies relating to airport business models are scarce and lack scholarly attention, especially in the contexts of small airports. Consequently, to bridge the gap in the literature, the dissertation’s goal is to design business models and propose business model innovations using a case study of local and regional airports in Thailand.
Accessible tourism: origins, state of the art and future lines of research
Authors: Rubio-Escuderos Lucía , García-Andreu Hugo , Ullán de la Ros Javier
Published: February 2022

Accessible tourism (AT) is a quite young and evolving research field. This paper provides an original review of the most significant academic literature on AT. Through a narrative method called ‘qualitative systematic review’, this article contextualizes the emergence of AT, identifies the applied methods and theories, the main research lines and the latest advances in the field. Further, we analysed the impact of disability’s change of conception on the evolution of AT studies. The results reveal a considerable increase from 2007 onwards of the themes covered by publications on AT and a greater influence of the biopsychosocial model. Studies implementing experimental methodologies or theoretical approaches are more frequent in the last decade. We also identified shared limitations that are hindering the advance of knowledge on AT, such as the excessive use of qualitative sampling in surveys or the recurrence of similar social circles for the selection of participants. The complexity of disability as a physical and social phenomenon is a challenge to be addressed in the future of AT studies. This paper contributes by providing an AT literature review grounded in its social context, which allows us to identify future trends and avenues of research and turn current limitations into valuable proposals.
Mapping smart experiences in tourism: A bibliometric approach
Authors: Soliman Mohammad , Cardoso Lucília , Feijó de Almeida Giovana , Araújo Arthur , Vila Noelia
Published: February 2022

There has been a significant increase in the number of studies addressing smart experiences in the context of tourism (SET). Nevertheless, no previous work has systematically and critically analysed the literature on this subject. To fulfil this gap, this paper examines the evolution of SET as a research topic by mapping the scientific production on it. To this end, 84 papers published from 2011 to April 2019 were retrieved from Scopus. To map this data, a blend of bibliometric analysis techniques, including the analysis of evaluative measures (productivity and impact metrics) and relational techniques (word frequency analysis and key theme analysis), was employed. Evaluative metrics were carried out using Plotly, Excel, and DB Gnosis software. The reviewed papers were then visually analysed through mind maps using BizAgi Process Modeler. The study presents an original theoretical insight, as well as a significant methodological contribution, as it employs an integrative approach of bibliometric analysis that relies on a set of rigorous techniques and can be implemented in future studies.
Italian corporate museums as industrial tourism destinations: А segmentation study based on strategic orientation
Authors: Riviezzo Angelo , Garofano Antonella , Mason Michela , Napolitano Maria
Published: February 2022

The main aim of this study is to propose a segmentation of Italian corporate museums, based on their strategic orientation and their actual willingness to cooperate with other local stakeholders in order to enhance industrial tourism in the area. The study is based on empirical data collected from 88 Italian museums belonging to private firms. A cluster analysis was used to identify three different groups of corporate museums, shedding light on the diverse role played as platforms from which firms may directly communicate with tourists and other stakeholders. The results of the study demonstrate the high heterogeneity of corporate museums, whose strategic priorities and orientation may vary significantly. Such variety has relevant implications for their potential role in the enhancement of the tourist attractiveness of the area.
An analysis of the relationship between work engagement, work locus of control, passion, and parasitism in coastal hotels
Authors: Turksoy Selcen , Tutuncu Ozkan
Published: February 2022

The study explores the relationships among work engagement, work locus of control, passion, and perceived parasitism through the job demands-resources model (JD-R). Data were collected from five-star hotel employees in Cesme, Turkey using a structured questionnaire while the research hypotheses were tested by structural equation modelling. The results revealed that hospitality business employees’ perceived community-directed parasitic relations decreased their work engagement while leading them to have an external work locus of control. In contrast, employees with internal work locus of control felt harmonious passion for their work, which increased work engagement. In addition, internal work locus of control led to harmonious and obsessive passion whereas external work locus of control led to obsessive passion. Regarding engagement, parasitic relations can be prevented, and harmonious passion can be created through the fair behaviours of managers, good assignment by the authorities, and the responsibility of employees. This requires feedback and performance monitoring processes based on objective criteria. Increasing the number of engaged employees which in turn improves business performance may also help reduce workforce turnover, which is a significant issue for hospitality businesses.
Madeira island – destination image and tourists loyalty
Authors: Machado Luiz , Santos Carlos , Sarmento Manuela
Published: February 2022

This study uses a Logit model to examine the probability of the image of the tourism destination Madeira, a Portuguese autonomous insular region, being strengthened after the tourists’s visit to the destination. The results of the empirical study are based on a survey carried out to tourists during their visit to the island of Madeira, between March and July 2008. The model confirms that the probability of enhancing Madeira’s tourism destination image after the visit is explained by several independent variables, gathered from the literature review. The findings of the study intend to call local authorities’s attention to the importance of repeated tourists due to the impact that their enhanced image of Madeira may have on the economic sustainability of the destination and on the potential savings in promotion investment. This happens because the client's loyalty brings a high return of the destination’s marketing investment. The conclusions can also help the decision makers of the tourism sector of the island of Madeira to better plan their destination marketing activities.
The short-term impact of 9/11 on European airlines demand
Authors: Eva Aimable Eva Aimable , Rosselló Jaume
Published: February 2022

This paper assesses the short-term impact of the US September 11 terrorist attacks and its after-effects on European Airline Demand. Using monthly data for ten time series from the Association of European Airlines (AEA), different univariate methods are estimated in order to evaluate the airlines traffic in terms of revenue passenger kilometres by comparing the fitted values resulting from the univariate methods employed for one year against the actuals. The results suggest that th September 11 impacted all of the European airline routes under study to a varying degree. The effects of the terrorism attack did not fully dissipate in most of the time series understudy by the end of October 2002.
Economic development versus environmental sustainability: The case of tourist marinas in Andalusia
Authors: Rojo Inmaculada
Published: February 2022

Economic development generated by business activity has traditionally been analyzed without looking at its environmental impact. However, in the last few years new trends in economic thinking have emerged, such as environmental economics, that provide convincing proof of the inter- relationship of the economy to the environment. This thinking is even more evident in some areas of the economy such as tourism. This article reviews the existing literature on the subject, and then makes a new empirical contribution to the relationship between environmental management and economic results by limiting the field work to tourist marinas in Andalusia, one of the foremost tourist destinations in Spain. A two-pronged – quantitative and qualitative – methodology will be used to discover the specific characteristics of this tourist product and critical aspects of it relating to environmental management by the organizations developing it and the stakeholder groups involved in this activity. This way the hypothesis on whether environmental sustainability is compatible with economic development may be tested. If it proves true, then proposals will be formulated to improve the competitiveness of nautical tourism in Andalusia in line with sustainable development.
Complying with digital transformation in online booking through experiential values of generation Z
Authors: Stavrianea Aikaterini , Kamenidou Irene
Published: February 2022

This paper offers insights into experiential values and online accommodation booking in the digital transformation era of the tourism sector in relation to the Greek Generation Z cohort. More specifically, the role of experiential values, attitudes, and involvement as well as their impact on patronage intentions of the Generation Z cohort are investigated. Quantitative research conducted with an online questionnaire yielded a sample of 970 Generation Zers’ responses. Using the Structural Equation Model via the AMOS statistical package, six hypotheses were tested. Results have revealed that the construct of experiential values positively impacts directly on patronage intentions, attitudes towards the e-booking platform, and customer involvement. Additionally, Generation Z members’ attitudes towards the e-booking platform and involvement with the platform impacts patronage intentions. Furthermore, involvement with the e-booking platform has a negative effect on consumers’ attitudes towards the platform. Detailed discussion of results and further implications is also provided.
Smart tourism: a scientometric review (2008-2020)
Authors: Borges-Tiago Teresa , Veríssimo José , Tiago Flávio
Published: February 2022

The fast path of smart tourism developments within the tourism and hospitality field clarifies the need to identify its intellectual structures and monitor its evolution. 43% of the articles ever published are from the last two years. An initial work, covering the papers published between 2008 and 2018, reveal five dimensions under a humanware approach: (i) smart technologies; (ii) smart ecosystems; (iii) value creation; (iv) tourism experience; and, (v) sharing economy. With this classification framework, the present work aims to identify emerging trends and future research paths using a scientometric analysis of smart tourism research from 2008 to 2020. The scientometric analysis was conducted over the 1321 papers referenced and retrieved from Web of Science and Google Scholar, narrowed to the 225 classified as tourism and hospitality. These articles were subject to content, citation and authorship analysis. The content analysis produced eight clusters that represent the main research streams. This result confirms the field's fast evolution path since two of these clusters emerged in the last three years. The twenty most cited articles were reviewed and classified under the humanware framework. The vast majority of the works are still related to smart ecosystems and technologies, unveiling the need to enrich knowledge related to the other streams and the tourism and hospitality response to Covid-19 supported by smart technologies.
Comparative analysis of national tourism decarbonisation plans
Authors: Conefrey Anita , Hanrahan Dr James
Published: February 2022

For tourism to be considered sustainable, the industry needs to be transparent in measuring, monitoring and reporting all emissions to actively contribute to the decarbonisation of the economy. The purpose of this study was to identify to what level tourism decarbonisation has been discussed, assessed, and planned for globally. For this study, a content analysis of national tourism plans was implemented to identify if the carbon footprint of tourism has been assessed, establish a unified approach to measure tourism emissions and determine what level of tourism decarbonisation strategies are currently in place. The findings in this study identified that the carbon footprint of tourism has not been assessed globally, lacks serious discussion and planning for tourism decarbonisation. Crucially, baseline data for tourism emissions are not available, as a result, tourism policymakers cannot monitor and manage the level of decarbonisation in tourism. Furthermore, a unified approach to measure tourism emissions needs to be agreed upon to ensure that each country measures the same criteria. Consequently, allowing policymakers to compare international tourism emissions and establish if tourism is actively transitioning towards a low-carbon industry. Climate change is a significant crisis facing humanity, and until now, this research has not been completed.
Accessibility in tourist sites in Spain: Does it really matter when choosing a destination?
Authors: Rucci Ana Clara , Porto Natalia
Published: February 2022

This work aims to analyse and characterise accessibility in tourism —defined as the conditions for people with access needs— and its relationship with tourism performance. Accessibility is a critical concept —to be defined and measured in a rigorous way— that helps shed light on the particularities of the phenomena, considering consumers and producers of tourism. Spain's solid background in accessible tourism portrays the possibility of elaborating different accessible indicators. We propose and identify an exhaustive set of proxy measures for accessibility under the accessible tourism theoretical framework of the tourism travel chain. We also computed an accessibility index using disaggregated data of 152 Spanish tourist sites (National Statistics Institute of Spain), introducing those measures of accessibility as explanatory variables in a model of tourism performance of sun and cultural destinations. Our results show that accessibility seems not to be a determinant in tourist sites' performance. Sun destinations have better tourism performances than cultural ones, having or not accessible conditions. The findings not only reveal the need to improve and consolidate accessible conditions in cultural destinations, but also disseminate and deepen information channels, especially for people with access needs, before choosing a destination.
Wiesner, K.A. (2021) Professionelles Standort- und Destinationsmanagement: Instrumentarien und Praxisbeispiele für erfolgreiches Place-Management und –Marketing. Berlin: Erich Schmidt Verlag. ISBN: 978-3-503-19562-6, 2021, 244 pp.
Authors: Philipp Julian , Pechlaner Harald
Published: February 2022

This book addresses the increasing global competition among both business locations and destinations for attractive businesses and investors, infrastructure, funding and humans in the role of visitors, residents or workers. It focuses on the place management approach – the integration of location and destination management – which has seen a tremendous growth in significance over the past years. The book includes recent developments in the context of digitization or the COVID-19 pandemic. It is organized in seven parts, moving from general definitions to normative, strategic and operative place management and marketing and concluding with seven case studies.
Dracula’s image in tourism: Western bloggers versus tour guides
Authors: Banyai Maria
Published: February 2022

This study attempted to describe the different Western images related to Dracula tourism, and the role Bran Castle tour guides have in the image formation process. This is accomplished by analyzing the contents of Western tourists’ travel blogs, and of qualitative interviews elicited from Bran Castle tour guides. The qualitative content analysis resulted in seven themes focused on historical and fictional images of the destination. The results show that the majority of Western bloggers visit Bran in search for Count Dracula; however, the Bran Castle tour guides focus on presenting the historical truth. The findings are discussed in terms of their relevance to the destination image formation literature and the concept of authenticity.
Tour operators’ insight into the Russian nature-based experience market
Authors: Vespestad May
Published: February 2022

The understanding of nature and nature-based tourism products might differ according to tourists’ nationality. Existing knowledge is often based on Western tourists view and relation to nature-based tourism. Eastern European tourists, however, might not share the same understanding. The Eastern European tourist market is increasing and destinations compete to attain their share, while it is evident that further knowledge is needed to apprehend what this market expects from nature-based experiences. Tour operators play a crucial role in imparting knowledge of destinations and tourism products to potential consumers. This article attends to the issue through interviews of six tour operators in Russia, to inform on how Russian tourists relate to nature-based experiences. The article also addresses intermediaries’ influence upon tourists meaning formation through their communication of nature-based tourism experiences. The content analysis reveals four main content areas that relate to the overall objective of the study: 1) Russians’ relation to nature, 2) what Russian tourists emphasize as important for nature-based tourism products, 3) the meaning of nature-based experiences to Russians, 4) promoting nature-based experiences to Russians. The analysis demonstrates there is discrepancy in the conception of what nature-based experiences are; hence an understanding of national differences is encouraged.
Post-war tourism and the imaginative geographies of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia
Authors: Wise Nicholas
Published: February 2022

In the early 1990s Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia were spaces of conflict. The media presented much of what occurred during the war years, constructing our imaginative geographies. This study determines the role of discourse for understanding contemporary image (re)constructions concerning post-war countries. Acknowledging the significance of tourism, this economic sector acts as a catalyst to promote and highlight image transitions. To contribute to the growing literature on post-war tourism, a three-fold typology is presented to position these countries as landscape remembrance, fading memory or replacing memory. This work draws from newspaper articles and official tourism websites as modes of discourse positioned to convey information and details that establish imaginative expressions of places to support the proposed typologies. A discourse analysis of both textual and visual content is interpreted to determine how these sources construct the three-fold typology and (re)create meanings and images of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia.
Assessing destination images of an Olympic host city using social media
Authors: Banyai Maria , Luke R. Potwarka Luke R. Potwarka
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to assess destination image components of Vancouver post 2010 Olympic Winter Games. To fulfill this aim, the present investigation examined comments posted on Tourism Vancouver’s official Facebook website. An analysis of the Facebook posts using CATPAC II software revealed two clusters of image components related to Vancouver. The findings suggest that the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics may not have had a substantial impact on the overall images people held of the city, or in terms of their intention to revisit the destination. We advance the position that staging a sport mega-event, by itself, will not influence destination image unless effective marketing strategies are adopted.
The 2010 Ryder Cup, images of Wales and tourism development
Authors: Harris John , Lepp Andrew , Lee Sangkwon
Published: February 2022

This research explored the image of Wales as a nation and a potential tourism destination in relation to the 2010 Ryder Cup. Despite being promoted and positioned as the third biggest sporting event in the world remarkably little academic research has focused on the Ryder Cup. As part of some ongoing research into this mega-event the study focuses upon the images of Wales and attempts to tease out the dominant narratives shaping tourism development in the country. By undertaking a survey of students at a large state university in the USA, we wanted to explore perceived images of this small nation. Results are positioned against readings of the official documentation of key stakeholders involved in the 2010 Ryder Cup, in an attempt to further explore and unpack some of the meanings surrounding image within policy narratives. This case shows that there are many challenges facing those developing tourism in Wales and that the nation struggles to promote itself as a distinct and identifiable entity. The research considers the impact of the Ryder Cup on Wales and points to some of the issues shaping tourism policy in the country.
Creating value through sustainable business practices
Authors: Lim Christine , Chong Yong , Sutjipto Melissa
Published: February 2022

The objective of this paper is to undertake a case study of Auckland International Airport and to examine how its sustainable business practices can create stakeholder value. Auckland Airport is the largest airport and the main gateway into New Zealand for international tourists. The paper investigates the impact of corporate growth-strategy announcement on the formation of a joint venture to build a 4-star airport hotel using an event study approach. The new hotel creates economic value to Auckland Airport as it is expected to generate considerable long term tourism revenue to the company. Additionally, it can stimulate economic growth and employment for the Auckland region as its proximity to the largest airport in the country attracts airline crews and transit passengers, and the hotel offers meeting facilities for MICE tourism. We found that the New Zealand share market’s reaction to the hotel joint venture announcement on 23 July, 2009, as proxied by the stock returns, to be significant. Economic value creation or business profitability of a firm can be used to create societal value. Auckland International Airport has invested in socially responsible environmental and socio-cultural initiatives to create value for its stakeholders, as discussed in the latter half of the study.
Key quality attributes according to the tourist product
Authors: Blázquez Juan , Molina Arturo , Esteban Águeda
Published: February 2022

Tourism industry is facing fundamental changes in the profile of tourists and increased competition,due to the emergence of new tourist destinations. One of the main strategies to improve thecompetitive position is to increase the quality of the destination’s resources according to the tourists’expectations. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the destination elements thatexercise a greater influence on the tourist’s global quality perception, based on the three touristtypologies: sun-sea-sand tourism, rural tourism and cultural tourism. Multiple item indicators fromprevious studies were employed to measure the quality of destinations. This paper uses LogisticRegression Analysis to establish a model of indicators of global quality of the destination in order tosuggest recommendations to manage companies that operate in the different tourist destinationswhen planning their activities that focus on better quality.
Pre-smoke-ban café staff job satisfaction and attitudes in transition countries
Authors: Pranić Ljudevit , Pivac Snježana , Čolak Anela
Published: February 2022

While a growing number of countries and sub-national localities are banning smoking in hospitality workplaces, extant research on the impacts of smoke-free legislation has centered on hospitality employees and industries in developed countries. Hoping to assist in filling this void, this research empirically explores the relationships among café employees’ attitudes, demographics, work-related variables (WRV), and job satisfaction before the introduction of a smoke-free legislation in one transition economy, i.e. Bosnia-Herzegovina. Results revealed that café area served, gender, average weekly workload, café seating allocation, and education were for the most part not significant in explaining different perceptions toward a smoking ban. However, respondents’ preferred café smoking policy, smoking status, hospitality work experience, job satisfaction, and age did influence how respondents viewed the smoking ban. In terms of respondents’ preferred café smoking policy, significant differences were noted due to smoking status and café seating allocation. In regards to job satisfaction, staff with more positive pre-implementation attitudes towards the ban exhibit significantly higher levels of dissatisfaction with the current job. Overall, respondents appear willing to make concessions for both pro- and anti-smoking patrons, staff, and owners/managers. Therefore, lawmakers should consider population characteristics, seating allocation, and the combination thereof when devising café smoking policies.
A study of expected and perceived service quality in Croatian and Slovenian hotel industry
Authors: Marković Suzana , Raspor Sanja , Ivankovič Gordana , Planinc Tanja
Published: February 2022

The main purpose of present research is the comparison of guests’ expectations and perceptions of service quality in Croatian and Slovenian hotels. In order to measure hotel guests’ expectations and perceptions modified SERVQUAL model was developed. The questionnaire was designed in accordance with researches conducted by Parasuraman et al. (1988), Zeithaml et al. (1990), Snoj and Ogorelc (1998), Pizam and Ellis (1999) and Marković (2003). The questionnaire was divided in three parts: measurement of expected service quality, measurement of perceived service quality and demographic questions. Data were collected in hotel settings in Opatija Riviera (Croatia) and Slovenia’s coastal region. A total of 253 (Croatian sample) and 172 (Slovenian sample) completed and usable questionnaires were gathered. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis. The conducted statistical analysis revealed similarities in both surveys. The research results identified high level of guests’ expectations and perceptions regarding the hotel service quality, and importance of intangible aspects of hotel service.
Impact of the attributes of private tourist accommodation facilities onto prices: A hedonic price approach
Authors: Portolan Ana
Published: February 2022

The concept of private tourist accommodation has been insufficiently studied in tourism economics literature. It has been only marginally brought up along with the hotel accommodation in scientific papers within the last ten years. Private accommodation represents almost 50% of the total capacity in the structure of accommodation in Croatia. The main purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of facility prices for private accommodation in one of the Croatian leading tourist destinations, Dubrovnik, through empirical research. Hedonic model is applied to analyse the role of different attributes in form of the overall price of representative sample of private accommodation facilities and to demonstrate how facility prices can be related to certain attributes of private accommodation. The explanatory variables of the overall price, among others, include location, characteristics such as availability of free parking place, distance to the Old Town, sea view, terrace/garden. The results of this research provide instructions and direction to main tourism stakeholders and policy makers, and at the same time assist facility owners in shaping prices helping them to create instruments for future planning.
A study of mediating effect of trust on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty relationship in Malaysian rural tourism
Authors: Admin Admin , Osman Zahir , Sentosa Ilham
Published: February 2022

The main purpose of this study is to develop a mediating effect understanding of trust on service customer satisfaction and customer loyalty relationship in Malaysia rural tourism. The Structural Equation Model (SEM) used to analyze the casual relationships among customer satisfaction, customer trust and customer loyalty. The model was developed and later tested by adopting the Partial Least Square (PLS) procedure on data collected from a survey that yielded 295 usable questionnaires. The findings showed that customer satisfaction enhances trust in Malaysia rural tourism. It was also revealed that trust partially mediates the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. In future more research needs to be carried out to explore the role of trust in Malaysia rural tourism industry. It is important to do the study utilizing experimental design by capturing longitudinal data in Malaysia rural tourism industry using robust measures. The findings imply that the relationship between trust and profitability may dwell in trust’s influence on customer loyalty, and that trust plays a crucial function within the Malaysia rural tourism industry. This research is one of the first known attempts to use PLS to test a mediation effect.
Incorporating sustainability into tourism policy: A strategic agenda for Spain
Authors: López-Sánchez Yaiza , Pulido-Fernández Juan
Published: February 2022

Recent literature recognises that sustainability, as well as a shifting approach to responsibility in tourism production and consumption, may be a differentiator in the positioning of destinations in tourism markets, especially in the most demanding ones. Likewise, it is acknowledged that it will be difficult to make progress in tourism sustainability without a direct, clear and resolute involvement of policymakers in destinations management. Therefore, the incorporation of the paradigm of sustainability in tourism policy is a key issue.This paper proposes a methodology for incorporating sustainability into tourism policy. Using qualitative analysis techniques (Delphi and focus group), an assessment is carried out, leading to the subsequent design of a strategic agenda for incorporating sustainability into Spanish tourism policy. Spain has been chosen as one of the world’s top tourism destinations, which is also currently undergoing a restructuring process of its tourism model, too dependent on coastal tourism, which is considered exhausted, obsolete and lacking in competitiveness.
An investigation on green attitudes and demographics: Understanding the intention of international tourists in Malaysia to pay a premium for green hotels
Authors: Eslaminosratabadi Hadi
Published: February 2022

Lodging industry is one of the most crucial segments that consume a large amount of non-renewable resources. The extant literature shows that a large number of hotels are conducting green performances to offset the shift in customers’ buying behaviour from conventional hotels towards green hotels. Thus, an empirical investigation on hotel customers’ demographic as well as eco-friendly attitudes and intentions can help hotel operators better predict green buying behaviour of their potential/current customers. In this regard, the author conducts a series of multiple regression analyses in order to find any relationships between green attitudes and the intention to pay a premium for green hotels in Malaysia. A total of usable responses were used for data analysis. In general, findings reveal that except for seriousness of environmental problems (SEP), all other green attitudes, applied in this study, have a significant impact on the intention to pay a premium for green hotels. In addition, results of ANOVA indicate a variety of differences in intention to pay a premium for green hotels across different demographic characteristics. Finally, findings of this study not only affirm the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) by Ajzen (1975), but also provide managerial implications for hoteliers, marketers, and tourism ministries for better sustainability, segmentation, positioning, and resource allocation.
Cooperative core competencies in tourism: Combining resource-based and relational approaches in destination governance
Authors: Pechlaner Harald , Bachinger Monika , Volgger Michael , Anzengruber-Fischer Elisabeth
Published: February 2022

Community-based tourist destinations can be understood as networks of tourism service providers, which need to combine their resources and competencies to generate the overall holiday experience. Building on strategic management theories, the study aims at exploring the relationship between the destinations management’s reflexive capabilities and the cooperative core competencies of a tourist destination. By means of reflexive capabilities, destination management is suggested to be able to induce a high level of network quality, which in turn may be a pre-condition for the interlacing of the service providers’ competencies and resources, i.e. for the development of cooperative core competencies. Based on a quantitative survey in Bavaria, the results support these assumptions and indicate that reflexive capabilities may promote the development of cooperative core competencies in tourist destinations. The paper advances tourism literature by introducing, operationalizing and testing the idea of cooperative core competencies in the context of tourist destinations.
A review of destination image studies from 2008 to 2012
Authors: Nghiêm-Phú Bình
Published: February 2022

This paper, continuing from Pike (2002), and Stepchenkova and Mills (2010), reviews 177 articles published between 2008 and 2012 about destination image. The major characteristics of these articles are highlighted to show the development of destination image studies. Two broad categories of destination image studies (i.e. perceived image, and projected image) are discussed separately. It is hoped that researchers of the following period can find some suggestions to locate their studies in this very popular body of research.
The perception of tourism product quality and tourist satisfaction: the case of polish tourists visiting Bulgaria
Authors: Johann Maria , Anastassova Lina
Published: February 2022

The article presents the results of a secondary data analysis examining Polish tourists’ perception of tourism product quality offered by Bulgarian hotels. The researchers examined data collected by Itaka travel agency regarding tourists’ satisfaction with the package holidays in Bulgaria between 2010-2013. Since the number of Polish tourists visiting Bulgaria has increased over the last years, it has been hypothesized that Bulgarian hotels offer a competitive value proposition and a very good price/quality relationship. The surveyed sample of tourists spent their summer holiday in one of 14 summer resorts located in Sunny Beach and in Golden Sands area, 4 – three-star hotels and 10 – four-star hotels and the total sample volume is 1212 tourists. The quantitative analysis of tourists’ perceptions of product quality offered by Bulgarian hotels was performed through the scale based on the evaluation of a list of the hotel attributes representing values important for tourists. The qualitative analysis was based on the tourists’ comments regarding their holiday experience in Bulgaria.
Motivation factors for visiting religious sites: The case of Lesvos Island
Authors: Kamenidou Irene , Vourou Rafaela
Published: February 2022

This study investigates tourist’s motivations for visiting religious sites in Lesvos, a religious destination island in Greece. Data was collected in Lesvos during the Orthodox Easter period of 2013 implementing a sample of 210 tourists who had visited a monastery during their stay on the island. In order to measure tourists’ motivation for religious site visitation in Lesvos, 15 motivation components were used. Data analysis included descriptive analysis and factor analysis. The findings based on descriptive statistics (Mean Scores) suggest that the main reasons for visitation to monasteries and churches in Lesvos Island were pilgrimage motives, i.e. “To worship”, “I have made a vow” and “In order to get well (health reasons)”. On the other hand, the reasons with the lowest Mean Scores regarding visitation to monasteries and churches in Lesvos Island were secular reasons: “It is in “fashion”- it is trendy”, “To do shopping”, and for “Research /educational reasons”. Factor analysis of the motivations components identified 3 factors, interpreting 66.5% of the total variance, i.e. “Secular and cultural motives”, “Pilgrimage motives”, and “Spiritual motives”. The findings of this research offer important practical implications for promoting Lesvos for religion tourism.
Choice of entry mode, strategic flexibility and performance of international strategy in hotel chains: an approach based on real options
Authors: García Elena , Vargas-Sánchez Alfonso
Published: February 2022

This paper presents an explanatory model for the choice of entry mode to an international market and its implications for the performance of the international strategy in hotel chains, under the dynamic approach of real options theory. The proposed model includes the analysis of some alternative variables to those already investigated in the literature, such as the perception of business uncertainty, international strategic flexibility, and the effect on performance of the international strategy based on the possession and implementation of real options. Our results show that high levels of perceived uncertainty (exogenous and endogenous) and the interaction between the size and international experience of the company are negatively related to levels of international property investment, which allows the company to possess and implement real options conferring sufficient strategic flexibility to adapt its strategy in response to changes, in order to improve organizational performance. We also found that the possession of real options can negatively influence the image and the degree of access to a foreign market if the company exercises the option to leave that market.
Down Syndrome Legislation in the U.S. and Italy: A Comparison
Authors: Gottardi Francesca
Published: February 2022

How do we guarantee dignity and quality of life to individuals with Down syndrome? If a family cannot commit to granting a dignified life, or if there are other health concerns at issue, how do we balance the right of the mother, parents, and unborn child? This article offers a comparative perspective of the disability legal framework in the U.S. and Italy, focusing on Down syndrome. In Italy, healthcare is public and universal, while in the United States healthcare is mostly privatized. In this context, in the U.S. people with mental and physical disabilities are particularly vulnerable due to the high costs of healthcare, stigma, and the need for additional advocacy. This work compares the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in the U.S., the Legge 104/1992 in Italy, and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) internationally. Numerous policy considerations impact the lives of individuals with Down syndrome, from conception to delivery, and from early childhood throughout development. There is a controversial legal debate concerning abortion if the fetus has an identified genetic abnormality. Additionally, once individuals with Down syndrome are born, how does the legal framework support these children and their families? Law and policy regarding access to care make a big difference in the quality of life of people with Down syndrome. At first glance, the standpoint of protecting and supporting a child with Down syndrome, and that of protecting the parents' right to terminate a pregnancy, might seem antithetical. However, they are, in fact, part of the same (difficult) conversation. By adopting a person-centered approach, paired with a relationship-centered care approach, we can pursue the holistic and humanistic ideals that our society aspires to achieve.
Critical Success Factors Identified within Moroccan Public Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Cheng Jingyi , Li Shunhang , Draissi Zineb , Qi Zhanyong
Published: February 2022

Total Quality Management is a concept which any educational institution can attain through a variety of critical success factors. This concept is one of the steps necessary to maximize success in improving quality in higher education institutions. Hence, this qualitative study used a semi-structured interview, endeavors to identify and analyze some of the critical success factors which have significant impact in Moroccan public higher education institutions under the framework of Total Quality Management. As a result of in-depth semi-structured interviews with three experienced university professors in selected public universities in the economical capital city of Morocco, this study is contributing to the literature by empirically determining the critical success factors of the TQM mostly needed in the public higher education institutions. The findings of this study bring an understanding of how certain critical factors are perceived in the Moroccan public higher education context. In addition to expand the body of the current literature, the study findings also provide knowledge that can be used as a basis to address the management needs of quality in higher education institutions. In addition, this study is the first of its kind to be addressed in the Moroccan setting / North African region.
Testing the comparability and interpretability of the revised professional practice environment scale – Filipino version
Authors: Biag Al D.
Published: February 2022

Background and aims: The Revised Professional Practice Environment (RPPE) Scale is a 39-item four Likert scale-rated questionnaire. The US-based Massachusetts General Hospital developed it as a measure of nurses’ leadership and autonomy over practice, relationship with physicians, control over practice, communication about patients, teamwork, handling of disagreement and conflict, internal work motivation, and cultural sensitivity. The RPPE Scale has been translated into several languages but Filipino. The aim of this paper was to translate the RPPE Scale to the Filipino language in order to establish an initial evidence for construct equivalence between it and the original version.Methods: Methodological design was used in the study following a four-step translation process. The data collection commenced in 2020.Results: The RPPE scale was subjected to forward translation in Filipino language. It was then back translated into English after which the conceptual equivalence was determined for similarity of translation and comparability of interpretation. The results based on weighted means were highly similar and highly comparable.Conclusions: The RPPE-Filipino version demonstrated an acceptable evidence of language- and culture-specificity that is sufficiently robust for use in Philippine setting. The existence of an instrument that is comparable and similar to the original RPPE Scale paves the way for initiating nursing staff development programs that are based on the tenets of professional practice environment.
Spectral integration of a hemispheric barotropic model
Authors: BEDI H.S.
Published: February 2022

A barotropic model for the northern hemisphere is integrated by decomposing the basic horizontal field into a low-order wave spectrum. The spectral representation is in terms of surface spherical harmonics, which takes into account sphericity of the earth's surface in a natural way. The initial input for the model is the stream function spectrum derived from geopotential spectrum through linear balance wind relationship. Inclusion of appropriate amount of divergence in an empirical way improves the overall performance of the model. The performance of the model in relation to persistence is discussed.
Certain aspects of incident global solar radiation distribution over the project area with special reference to Lake Victoria
Authors: PARAMENA ]EFFERIES ADALI
Published: February 2022

With the aid of mean monthly fully analysed charts of incident global solar radiation (IGSR) over the Project Area, isopleth planimetering ,was used to derive the mean monthly values  of IGSR over Lake Victoria. A graphical presentation of results indicated a wave configuration for each of the five years of study1970 to1974, as well as for the 5-year mean. Two maxima of IGSR    were found to occur during or about the equinoxes and two minima each at or about the summer and winter solstices .The waveform approximated in phase that constructed from Angot values over equatorial region but differed amplitude. The sunshine duration was found to be in good

phase with the IGSR at least for the individual year plots but not quite so for the 5-year mean.

By comparing the mean monthly charts of the 5-year mean monthly charts of IGSR over the Project Area also the main quasi-permanent configurations of this parameter were brought to light. Three centre of low IGSR were found to exist; one over Lake kyoga  Nile and both surrounded by high The monthly and seasonal changes in the order of the magnitude  of the centre were small  approximating the order the observational error in IGSR as recommended by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO 1971), for which reason therefore, they were said to be semi-stationary .
An instrument system for digital display of duration of bright sunshine
Authors: VASHISTHA R. D. , ROYCHOUDHURY D. K. , DATAR S. V.
Published: February 2022

The article describes an instrument system designed in the Instruments Division, Meteorological Office, Pune to provide a digital display of daily duration of bright sunshine in the units of hours and minutes. Provision has been made in the instrument store the data so as to provide an indication of the total duration of bright sunshine for the last 24 hours and also for one day (24hr) previous to that. The instrument can also be used as sensor for interfacing with Automatic Weather Station Systems.