bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Merits and development strategies for a regional water resources modelling platform for southern Ontario - Great Lakes Basin
Authors: Sudicky E A , Frey S K
Published: March 2016

Water resources within Southern Ontario and the Great Lakes Basin (GLB) are a focal point for a wide range of stakeholders who are faced with addressing climate change impacts and resiliency, surface water and groundwater sustainability, and Great Lakes water
quality. Because of the complexity of these challenges, modern science-based decision support tools are required. As demonstrated by water resources management projects underway in the Canadian Prairies and Europe, fully-integrated groundwater-surface water models are increasingly being used as
multi-stakeholder decision support tools for demanding hydrologic problems. The centralized high-performance modelling platforms and associated databases are being developed through a collaboration of platform end users and requisite specialists. The multi-stakeholder functionality of this next
generation of water resource simulation tools is primarily possible because fully-integrated hydrologic models seamlessly couple surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) flow systems, including the unsaturated zone, and are driven by spatio-temporal precipitation events that are either derived from
observational data or climate system projections. As such, traditional groundwater-only and surface-water-only models are replaced by a single simulation platform that employs a holistic physics-based approach emulating the entire terrestrial water cycle with full accounting of water balances within
and between the various hydrological compartments. Furthermore, fully-integrated physics-based modeling provides additional benefit when simulating hydrologically complex settings such as the GLB because crucial GW-SW interaction processes are inherently captured. While fully-integrated models have
been commonly employed on local-scale academic problems (10's to 100's of km2) for more than 10 years, their application to 3D water resources problems at the scale of Southern Ontario or the GLB has only been recently demonstrated. This increase in model scale, as well as complexity and spatial
resolution has evolved because of a number of factors, including the mainstream accessibility to high-performance computing resources, improved numerical techniques, and the increasing availability of the large spatially-distributed datasets required to construct these models. While the movement
towards open data is recognized as a major impetus for basin-scale model development, some of the datasets required to construct large-scale integrated models are still not widely available. Based on a preliminary investigation of data availability for the GLB and Southern Ontario, it is apparent
that the principle data gap relates to the lack of spatially extensive and vertically resolved hydrostratigraphic characterization within the Phanerozoic and Quaternary sedimentary units. Accordingly, a GLB or Southern Ontario focused integrated hydrologic modeling initiative would need strong
collaborative support from specialists familiar with the regional geology.
Foreword
Authors: Williamson M -C
Published: March 2016

Foreword The Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals (GEM) program1 is laying the foundation for sustainable economic development in the North. The Program provides modern public geoscience that will set the stage for long-term decision making related to investment
in responsible resource development. Geoscience knowledge produced by GEM supports evidence-based exploration for new energy and mineral resources and enables northern communities to make informed decisions about their land, economy and society. Building upon the success of its first five-years, GEM
has been renewed until 2020 to continue producing new, publically available, regional-scale geoscience knowledge in Canada's North. During the summer 2015, the GEM program has successfully carried out 17 research activities that include geological, geochemical and geophysical surveying. These
activities have been undertaken in collaboration with provincial and territorial governments, northerners and their institutions, academia and the private sector. GEM will continue to work with these key collaborators as the program advances.
HALIP intrusions, contact metamorphism, and incipient diapirism of gypsum-carbonate sequences
Authors: Bédard J H , Troll V , Deegan F
Published: March 2016

As part of the High Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP) GEM2 project, five sets of HALIP-related intrusions and wallrocks were sampled for a regional-scale study of geochemical signatures indicative of PGE-Ni exploration potential. Investigation of a bedded
gypsum-carbonate sequence revealed possible incipient diapiric structures with a wavelength of ~100 m and an amplitude of ~40 m. Incipient diapiric mass flow appears to be the result of a diagenetic (?) reaction between the two lithologies that generate large amounts of gas or fluid that
brecciate wall rocks (decreasing strength) and increase volume (generating buoyancy). Several sample sections were collected through an oil-shale adjacent to a sill to better constrain the impact of HALIP intrusions on the basin's oil and gas potential, to quantify the volumes and species of
environmentally significant gas species expelled, and to determine the impact of shale assimilation on magma chemistry and possible sulphide immiscibility.
HALIP volcanic-intrusive complexes, Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut
Authors: Williamson M -C , Saumur B -M , Evenchick C A
Published: March 2016

Fieldwork in the summer of 2015 was carried out at various localities in the southern half of Axel Heiberg Island, and focused on volcanic successsions and sub-volcanic intrusive complexes of the High Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP). The ~ 950 m thick
sequence of basalts of the Strand Fiord Formation occurring east of Plateau Lake represents a world-class exposure of continental flood basalts consisting of thick units of basalt flows that display well-developed colonnades and entablatures. The intrusive complex at Middle Fiord exhibits intrusions
with complex geometries, cross-cutting relationships and lithological variability rarely exposed in Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) of Mesozoic age. Highlights of fieldwork also include field observations and sampling of the Surprise Fiord dyke swarm and the documentation of showings of massive
sulphide mineralization in the Expedition Fiord area. Follow-up mapping, geochemistry, mineralogy and U-Pb geochronology will fill critical knowledge gaps on the magmatic history and Ni-Cu-PGE prospectivity of the Canadian portion of the HALIP. Intrusive complexes in the Middle Fiord area, in
particular, will provide a unique opportunity to elucidate the architecture and chemical variability of rarely-exposed volcanic feeder systems associated with LIPs.
Collaborative bedrock mapping of White Glacier basin, Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut
Authors: Thomson L , Copland L
Published: March 2016

This article outlines a collaborative project in development involving participants in the GEM 2 HALIP Activity and the Laboratory for Cryospheric Research, University of Ottawa. Glaciological research in the vicinity of White Glacier, Expedition Fiord, has
recently involved the combined use of Structure from Motion photogrammetry methods and ultra-high resolution GigaPan© images to study landscape evolution. Here we propose to apply these techniques to generate a detailed geological map of the area centred on the Between Lake massive sulphide
showing. The requirements include (a) sufficient camera resolution, (b) the availability of high-resolution satellite imagery, and (c) ground-based measurements using differential GPS systems. A 4-step approach is proposed that involves limited helicopter survey work to establish ground-control
markers; the acquisition of high-resolution, spectrally-rich satellite images such as SPOT6 or WorldView3; the use of panoramic photography using GigaPan©; and targeted sampling of ridges and nunataks to ground truth a preliminary remote predictive geological map. The requirements as well as
the mutual benefits to be gained in glaciological and geological research are discussed. For example, improved bedrock mapping could help to better delineate the extent of the massive sulphide deposit, and improve understanding of controls on the subglacial hydrology and basal motion of White
Glacier.
Radioactive disequilibrium determinations
Authors:   Geological Survey of Canada
Published: March 2016

The natural radiation from rocks and minerals is primarily from 40K and the 238u and 232Th radioactive decay series. This is composed of alpha particles of 23 different energies, along with beta and gamma radiation. Although the analysis of rocks for uranium
content by gamma-ray spectrometry is a rapid and efficient method, it depends on the crucial assumption that the 238u decay series is in radioactive equilibrium. An a.-spectrometric method of detecting the presence of disequilibrium in the 238u decay series has been developed. A silicon
semi-conductor detector and a 1024 channel pulse height analyzer were used to obtain alpha particle energy spectra of uraniferous rocks and minerals. "lnfinitely thick" sources were used to avoid the problems involved in preparation of "infinitely thin" sources. The method involves the generation of
theoretical energy distributions for infinitely thick sources. Complete theoretical spectra were computed for comparison with experimentally obtained alpha particle energy spectra of rocks and minerals. The presence and extent of disequilibrium in the 23Bu decay series in a rock is determined from
the residual spectrum obtained by subtracting a fitted theoretical spectrum from the measured spectrum of a rock.
The Co-annihilating-ideal Graphs of Commutative Rings
Authors: Akbari Saeeid , Alilou Abbas , Amjadi Jafar , Mahmoud Sheikholeslami Seyed
Published: March 2016

LetRbe a commutative ring with identity. The co-annihilating-ideal graph ofR, denoted byAR, is a graph whose vertex set is the set of all non-zero proper ideals ofRand two distinct verticesIandJare adjacent whenever Ann(I) ∩ Ann(J) = {0}. In this paper we initiate the study of the co-annihilating ideal graph of a commutative ring and we investigate its properties.
Altered Cardiomyocyte Function and Trypanosoma cruzi Persistence in Chagas Disease
Authors: Cruz Jader Santos , Santos-Miranda Artur , Sales-Junior Policarpo Ademar , Monti-Rocha Renata , Campos Paula Peixoto , Machado Fabiana Simão , Roman-Campos Danilo
Published: March 2016

Chagas disease, caused by the triatominae Trypanosoma cruzi, is one of the leading causes of heart malfunctioning in Latin America. The cardiac phenotype is observed in 20–30% of infected people 10–40 years after their primary infection. The cardiac complications during Chagas disease range from cardiac arrhythmias to heart failure, with important involvement of the right ventricle. Interestingly, no studies have evaluated the electrical properties of right ventricle myocytes during Chagas disease and correlated them to parasite persistence. Taking advantage of a murine model of Chagas disease, we studied the histological and electrical properties of right ventricle in acute (30 days postinfection [dpi]) and chronic phases (90 dpi) of infected mice with the Colombian strain of T. cruzi and their correlation to parasite persistence. We observed an increase in collagen deposition and inflammatory infiltrate at both 30 and 90 dpi. Furthermore, using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, we detected parasites at 90 dpi in right and left ventricles. In addition, we observed action potential prolongation and reduced transient outward K+ current and L-type Ca2+ current at 30 and 90 dpi. Taking together, our results demonstrate that T. cruzi infection leads to important modifications in electrical properties associated with inflammatory infiltrate and parasite persistence in mice right ventricle, suggesting a causal role between inflammation, parasite persistence, and altered cardiomyocyte function in Chagas disease. Thus, arrhythmias observed in Chagas disease may be partially related to altered electrical function in right ventricle.
Fasciola hepatica Infection in an Indigenous Community of the Peruvian Jungle
Authors: Cabada Miguel M. , Castellanos-Gonzalez Alejandro , Lopez Martha , Caravedo María Alejandra , Arque Eulogia , White Arthur Clinton
Published: March 2016

Fasciola hepatica is a zoonotic infection with a worldwide distribution. Autochthonous cases have not been reported in the Amazon region of Peru. Operculated eggs resembling F. hepatica were identified in the stools of five out of 215 subjects in a remote indigenous community of the Peruvian jungle. Polymerase chain reaction targeting Fasciola hepatica cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene and sequencing of the products confirmed Fasciola infection.
Perceived Quality of Care of Community Health Worker and Facility-Based Health Worker Management of Pneumonia in Children Under 5 Years in Western Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Multidimensional Study
Authors: Shaw Brian I. , Asadhi Elijah , Owuor Kevin , Okoth Peter , Abdi Mohammed , Cohen Craig R. , Onono Maricianah
Published: March 2016

Integrated community case management (iCCM) programs that train lay community health workers (CHWs) in the diagnosis and treatment of diarrhea, malaria, and pneumonia have been increasingly adopted throughout sub-Saharan Africa to provide services in areas where accessibility to formal public sector health services is low. One important aspect of successful iCCM programs is the acceptability and utilization of services provided by CHWs. To understand community perceptions of the quality of care in an iCCM intervention in western Kenya, we used the Primary Care Assessment Survey to compare caregiver attitudes about the diagnosis and treatment of childhood pneumonia as provided by CHWs and facility-based health workers (FBHWs). Overall, caregivers rated CHWs more highly than FBHWs across a set of 10 domains that capture multiple dimensions of the care process. Caregivers perceived CHWs to provide higher quality care in terms of accessibility and patient relationship and equal quality care on clinical aspects. These results argue for the continued implementation and scale-up of iCCM programs as an acceptable intervention for increasing access to treatment of childhood pneumonia.
Top-down estimates of benzene and toluene emissions in the Pearl River Delta and Hong Kong, China
Authors: Fang Xuekun , Shao Min , Stohl Andreas , Zhang Qiang , Zheng Junyu , Guo Hai , Wang Chen , Wang Ming , Ou Jiamin , Thompson Rona L. , Prinn Ronald G.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Benzene (C6H6) and toluene (C7H8) are toxic to humans and the environment. They are also important precursors of ground-level ozone and secondary organic aerosols and contribute substantially to severe air pollution in urban areas in China. Discrepancies exist between different bottom-up inventories for benzene and toluene emissions in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) and Hong Kong (HK), which are emission hot spots in China. This study provides top-down estimates of benzene and toluene emissions in the PRD and HK using atmospheric measurement data from a rural site in the area, Heshan, an atmospheric transport model, and an inverse modeling method. The model simulations captured the measured mixing ratios during most pollution episodes. For the PRD and HK, the benzene emissions estimated in this study for 2010 were 44 (12–75) and 5 (2–7) Gg yr−1 for the PRD and HK, respectively, and the toluene emissions were 131 (44–218) and 6 (2–9) Gg yr−1, respectively. Temporal and spatial differences between the inversion estimate and four different bottom-up emission estimates are discussed, and it is proposed that more observations at different sites are urgently needed to better constrain benzene and toluene (and other air pollutant) emissions in the PRD and HK in the future.
Seasonal variation of atmospheric particle number concentrations, new particle formation and atmospheric oxidation capacity at the high Arctic site Villum Research Station, Station Nord
Authors: Nguyen Q. T. , Glasius M. , Sørensen L. L. , Jensen B. , Skov H. , Birmili W. , Wiedensohler A. , Kristensson A. , Nøjgaard J. K. , Massling A.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. This work presents an analysis of the physical properties of sub-micrometer aerosol particles measured at the high Arctic site Villum Research Station, Station Nord (VRS), northeast Greenland between July 2010 and February 2013. The study focus on particle number concentrations, particle number size distributions, the occurrence of new particle formation (NPF) events and their seasonality in the high Arctic, where observations and characterization of such aerosol particle properties and corresponding events are rare and understanding of related processes is lacking. A clear accumulation mode was observed during the darker months from October until mid-May, which became considerably more pronounced during the prominent Arctic haze months from March to mid-May. In contrast, only nucleation and Aitken-mode particles were observed during the summer months. Analysis of wind direction and wind speed indicated possible contributions of marine sources from the easterly side of the station to the observed summertime particle number concentrations, while southwesterly to westerly winds dominated during the darker months. NPF events lasting from hours to days were mostly observed from June until August, with fewer events observed during the months with less sunlight March, April, September, and October. It was observed that ozone (O3) is likely to play an important role in the formation and growth of new particles at the site during summertime. Calculations of air-mass back trajectories using the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model for the NPF event days suggested that the events possibly originated from other places and transported together with O3 in air parcels from different heights of the boundary layer down to the station at ground level. A map of event occurrence probability was computed, indicating that southerly air masses from over the Greenland Sea were more likely linked to those events.
Climate-driven shifts in continental net primary production implicated as a driver of a recent abrupt increase in the land carbon sink
Authors: Buermann Wolfgang , Beaulieu Claudie , Parida Bikash , Medvigy David , Collatz George J. , Sheffield Justin , Sarmiento Jorge L.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The world's ocean and land ecosystems act as sinks for anthropogenic CO2, and over the last half century their combined sink strength grew steadily with increasing CO2 emissions. Recent analyses of the global carbon budget, however, have uncovered an abrupt, substantial ( ∼  1 PgC yr−1) and sustained increase in the land sink in the late 1980s whose origin remains unclear. In the absence of this prominent shift in the land sink, increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations since the late 1980s would have been  ∼  30 % larger than observed (or  ∼  12 ppm above current levels). Global data analyses are limited in regards to attributing causes to changes in the land sink because different regions are likely responding to different drivers. Here, we address this challenge by using terrestrial biosphere models constrained by observations to determine if there is independent evidence for the abrupt strengthening of the land sink. We find that net primary production significantly increased in the late 1980s (more so than heterotrophic respiration), consistent with the inferred increase in the global land sink, and that large-scale climate anomalies are responsible for this shift. We identify two key regions in which climatic constraints on plant growth have eased: northern Eurasia experienced warming, and northern Africa received increased precipitation. Whether these changes in continental climates are connected is uncertain, but North Atlantic climate variability is important. Our findings suggest that improved understanding of climate variability in the North Atlantic may be essential for more credible projections of the land sink under climate change.
Dryland vegetation functional response to altered rainfall amounts and variability derived from satellite time series data
Authors: Ratzmann Gregor , Gangkofner Ute , Tietjen Britta , Fensholt Rasmus
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Vegetation net productivity is a key variable in ecosystem functioning. Understanding how its functional response to rainfall in drylands is affected by altered rainfall amounts and variability is therefore vitally important to understand consequences of climatic change for those water-limited ecosystems. Here, we show how this functional response is affected by below and above 30-year-average rainfall conditions in two arid to semi arid subtropical regions in West and South West Africa differing markedly in interannual rainfall variability (higher in South West Africa, lower in West Africa). Shifting linear regression models (SLRs) were used with annual precipitation (satellite derived African Rainfall Climatology 2, ARC2) as explanatory variable and annual satellite-derived vegetation productivity proxies (normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI) as response variable to estimate the gridded vegetation functional response to rainfall. From the SLRs, time series of responses were derived and analyzed along gradients of mean annual precipitation. Vegetation responses to rainfall show a unimodal response along rainfall gradients. While responses for South West Africa are higher during dry periods for mean annual precipitation < 500 mm and spatially more variable, the responses to climate for West Africa are generally low and spatially less dynamic. Those patterns follow differences in interannual rainfall amount variability (higher in South West Africa). Regional peaks of vegetation response to rainfall along mean annual precipitation are found at precipitation values with similar interannual variability in growing season length. Vegetation type (MODIS MCD12C) specific response to rainfall mostly follows observed responses along rainfall gradients leading to region specific responses for each vegetation type. We conclude that higher rainfall amount variability enhances regional-scale vegetation response to rainfall plasticity and thus dryland ecosystem resilience to dry periods. Those results apply irrespective of vegetation type and thus evidence the fundamental role of rainfall variability in ecosystem functioning. Presented results moreover imply that the Sahel region (West Africa) although currently recovering from drought might be highly susceptible to future dry periods.
Tracer experiment and model evidence for macrofaunal shaping of microbial nitrogen functions along rocky shores
Authors: Pfister Catherine A. , Altabet Mark A. , Pather Santhiska , Dwyer Greg
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The interdependence of macrofauna and microbes is increasingly recognized as a key feature affecting nutrient cycling. Tidepools are ideal natural mesocosms to test macrofauna and microbe interactions, and we quantified rates of microbial nitrogen processing using tracer enrichment of ammonium (15NNH4) or nitrate (15NNO3) when tidepools were isolated from the ocean during low intertidal periods. Experiments were conducted during both day and night as well as in control tidepools and those from which mussels had been removed allowing us to determine the role of both animal presence and daylight in microbial nitrogen processing. We paired time-series observations of 15N enrichment in NH4+, NO2−, and NO3− with a differential equation model to quantify multiple, simultaneous nitrogen transformations. Mussel presence and daylight increased remineralization and photosynthetic nitrogen uptake. When we compared ammonium gain or loss that was attributed to microbes versus photosynthetic uptake, microbes accounted for 32 % of this ammonium flux on average. Microbial transformations averaged 61 % of total nitrate use; thus, microbial activity was almost 3 times photosynthetic nitrate uptake. Because it accounted for processes that diluted our tracer, our differential equation model assigned higher rates of nitrogen processing compared to prior source-product models. Our in situ experiments showed that animals alone elevate microbial nitrogen transformations two orders of magnitude, suggesting that coastal macrobiota are key players in complex microbial nitrogen transformations.
Quantitative evaluation of numerical integration schemes for Lagrangian particle dispersion models
Authors: Mohd. Ramli Huda , Esler J. Gavin
Published: March 2016

Abstract. A rigorous methodology for the evaluation of integration schemes for Lagrangian particle dispersion models (LPDMs) is presented. A series of one-dimensional test problems are introduced, for which the Fokker-Planck equation is solved numerically using a finite-difference discretisation in physical space, and a Hermite function expansion in velocity space. Numerical convergence errors in the Fokker-Planck equation solutions are shown to be much less than the statistical error associated with a practical-sized ensemble (N = 106) of LPDM solutions, hence the former can be used to validate the latter. The test problems are then used to evaluate commonly used LPDM integration schemes. The results allow for optimal time-step selection for each scheme, given a required level of accuracy. The following recommendations are made for use in operational models. First, if computational constraints require the use of moderate to long time steps it is more accurate to solve the random displacement model approximation to the LPDM, rather than use existing schemes designed for long time-steps. Second, useful gains in numerical accuracy can be obtained, at moderate additional computational cost, by using the relatively simple "small-noise" scheme of Honeycutt.
Reviving the Ganges Water Machine: potential
Authors: Amarasinghe Upali Ananda , Muthuwatta Lal , Surinaidu Lagudu , Anand Sumit , Jain Sharad Kumar
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The Ganges River basin faces severe water challenges related to a mismatch between supply and demand. Although the basin has abundant surface water and groundwater resources, the seasonal monsoon causes a mismatch between supply and demand as well as flooding. Water availability and flood potential is high during the 3–4 months (June–September) of the monsoon season. Yet, the highest demands occur during the 8–9 months (October–May) of the non-monsoon period. Addressing this mismatch, which is likely to increase with increasing demand, requires substantial additional storage for both flood reduction and improvements in water supply. Due to hydrogeological, environmental, and social constraints, expansion of surface storage in the Ganges River basin is problematic. A range of interventions that focus more on the use of subsurface storage (SSS), and on the acceleration of surface–subsurface water exchange, has long been known as the Ganges Water Machine (GWM). The approach of the GWM for providing such SSS is through additional pumping and depleting of the groundwater resources prior to the onset of the monsoon season and recharging the SSS through monsoon surface runoff. An important condition for creating such SSS is the degree of unmet water demand. The paper shows that the potential unmet water demand ranging from 59 to 124 Bm3 year−1 exists under two different irrigation water use scenarios: (i) to increase irrigation in the Rabi (November–March) and hot weather (April–May) seasons in India, and the Aman (July–November) and Boro (December–May) seasons in Bangladesh, to the entire irrigable area, and (ii) to provide irrigation to Rabi and the hot weather season in India and the Aman and Boro seasons in Bangladesh to the entire cropped area. However, the potential for realizing the unmet irrigation demand is high only in 7 sub-basins in the northern and eastern parts, is moderate to low in 11 sub-basins in the middle, and has little or no potential in 4 sub-basins in the western part of the Ganges basin. Overall, a revived GWM plan has the potential to meet 45–84 Bm3year−1 of unmet water demand.
Tilt error in cryospheric surface radiation measurements at high latitudes: a model study
Authors: Bogren Wiley Steven , Burkhart John Faulkner , Kylling Arve
Published: March 2016

Abstract. We have evaluated the magnitude and makeup of error in cryospheric radiation observations due to small sensor misalignment in in situ measurements of solar irradiance. This error is examined through simulation of diffuse and direct irradiance arriving at a detector with a cosine-response fore optic. Emphasis is placed on assessing total error over the solar shortwave spectrum from 250 to 4500 nm, as well as supporting investigation over other relevant shortwave spectral ranges. The total measurement error introduced by sensor tilt is dominated by the direct component. For a typical high-latitude albedo measurement with a solar zenith angle of 60°, a sensor tilted by 1, 3, and 5° can, respectively introduce up to 2.7, 8.1, and 13.5 % error into the measured irradiance and similar errors in the derived albedo. Depending on the daily range of solar azimuth and zenith angles, significant measurement error can persist also in integrated daily irradiance and albedo. Simulations including a cloud layer demonstrate decreasing tilt error with increasing cloud optical depth.
Validity of Bispectral Index Monitoring in Controlled Hypotensive Anesthesia
Authors: Taha A. M. R. , Hassan M.
Published: March 2016

In a single blind study of 20 ASA 1 patients undergoing rhinoplastic surgery under controlled hypotensive anesthesia in Rumailah Hospital, Qatar, on reaching the steady state of anesthesia the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was adjusted to the lower accepted limit (40-50 mm.Hg) using esmolol infusion. The MAP and bispectral index (BIS) were continuously recorded together with all essential monitoring perioperatively. A significant correlation was observed between the MAP and BIS at mean blood pressure below 45 mm.Hg.

Conclusion: BIS is a multivariant derived EEG device designed to monitor the state of consciousness under different hypnotic agents and could be a useful monitor during hypotensive anesthesia.
Uterine Artery Embolization for the Treatment of Symptomatic Uterine Fibroids Early Experience in Hamad Medical Corporation and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Al Muzrakchi A. , Szmigielski W.
Published: March 2016

Uterine artery embolisation has been introduced recently as an alternative treatment for fibroids. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the initial results of uterine artery embolisation in the treatment of symptomatic muterine leiomyomata in HMC and review the data from the literature.

On the basis of clinical and ultrasonographic examinations, four women aged between 35 to 44 years with severe fibroid-related menorrhagia were referred for uterine artery embolisation. In allfour cases bilateral embolisation of the uterine arteries was carried out using particles of polyvinyl alcohol (Ivalon, 500-750jum) under local anaesthesia and fluoroscopy I digital subtraction angiography control. Complete occlusion of the arteries supplying the fibroids was achieved resulting in restoration of normal menstrual bleeding. Three patients did not develop any complications, except short post-embolisation discomfort lasting only a few hours. In one case with large fibroids, a post-embolisation syndrome (abdominal pain, sweating, vomiting and increased blood pressure) lasting 48 hours was observed. All the patients expressed satisfaction with the treatment.

Data from the literature indicate that uterine artery embolisation has gained wide acceptance in the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids, particularly in patients wishing to avoid total hysterectomy or blood transfusion, although hysteroscopic resection, myolysis and laparoscopic myomectomy remain alternative methods of treatment.
Spinal Subpial Lipoma A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Raza A. , Homan M. , Kamel H. A. M.
Published: March 2016

Spinal subpial lipoma is a rare entity and comprises only 0.9% of spinal cord tumours(l\ It arises from premature dysfunction of the cutaneous ectoderm during neural tube formation(2). We present a case of a 44-year-old male who presented with the symptoms attributed to this lesion, together with pathology, neuroimaging characteristics and management strategies
Diffuse Sclerosing Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Jyothi C. R. , Lopez A. C. , Ejeckam G. C. , Hussain A. A.
Published: March 2016

Diffuse sclerosing variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma(DSPC) is an unusual type of Papillary Carcinoma that occurs in young patients. Clinically it can be mistaken for Hashimoto's Thyroiditis as it often presents as a diffuse firm thyroid swelling 3*. It is important to recognize this variant as the patients invariably have lymph node metastasis at the time of diagnosis.Contrary to the previous reports of a poor prognosis of this variant when compared to the classical papillary carcinoma, recent reports indicate a good prognosis(2,3). We report a case of DSPC occurring in a young boy.
Facial Paralysis Due to Recurrent Cholesteatoma Seventeen Years After First Surgery
Authors: Hilal A. A. , Al Shaikhly A. J.
Published: March 2016

We present a case of facial nerve palsy induced by recurrent cholesteatoma in a quiescent ear; 17 years after initial mastoidectomy. The pathogenesis, clinical and radiological findings and the management strategies are discussed with an emphasis on regular long-term follow up.
Uma década de economia brasileira: 1964-1974
Authors: Tavares Martus Antonio Rodrigues
Published: March 2016

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Análise da economia brasileira na década de 1964-1974. Esse período foi dividido em duas partes. Na primeira parte, aborda-se o período chamado de "imaginação reformista", que vai de 64 a 67, e analisam-se as idéias que permearam as reformas institucionais estabelecidas nesses anos. Na segunda parte, analisa-se rapidamente o período chamado de "milagre brasileiro", de 68 a 74, sobre o qual existe vasta literatura. Tentativa de interpretação critica do modelo de desenvolvimento implantado a partir da segunda metade da década de 50.
Metapoesia: para uma poética da poesia. Primeira parte: o poeta
Authors: Lima Enoque Balbino
Published: March 2016

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Primeiro artigo, de uma série de três, extraído da tese de Livre-docência — Metapoesia: fará uma poética da poesia, em que se discute a metalinguagem empregada na poesia, descrevendo o fenômeno poético global: O Poeta, a Poesia e o Poema dentro de uma concepção tricotômica do universo. Neste trabalho, trata-se especificamente da concepção de poeta, na poesia e suas relações com o mundo físico, seu próprio universo psíquico, o universo metafísico e o poema. Discute-se também o papel do poeta como artista e artesão. O estudo vem encabeçado por uma introdução geral da matéria em que se explica o enfoque da tese no seu todo, procedendo-se, também, a uma breve análise do termo poética.
Sobre um procedimento em amostragem para corrigir a produção de leite bovino
Authors: Iemma Antonio Francisco , Campos Humberto De , Barbin Décio
Published: March 2016

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Técnica das estimativas por regressão na amostragem por conglomerado em estágio duplo, para corrigira produção de leite bovino. O procedimento em questão mostrou vantagens sobre os procedimentos convencionais, mormente quanto à determinação dos intervalos de confiança para as produções corrigidas.
Estudo do código visual originado do código verbal na linguagem jornalística
Authors: Alves Leange Severo
Published: March 2016

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Estudo da interação e importância da linguagem verbal e não verbal na comunicação na mensagem jornalística. Analisamos, dentro deste enfoque, a escrita como representação, a arte gráfica, o traçado e corpo do tipo. Analisamos também o modo e medida de composição e as cores no jornal como recursos visuais que chamam e prendem a atenção do leitor.
Corruption and Controls
Authors: De Benedetto Maria
Published: March 2016

Corruption and Controls

Anti-corruption is a relatively recent policy which calls for controls. They represent the most effective means in rebalancing institutions which are not fully informed: ‘secrecy’, in fact, characterizes infringements and corrupt behaviour.

Alongside criminal investigation, administrative controls and administrative investigation should be considered crucial because they intervene at early stages, when corruption has been developing, allowing real prevention.

This article analyses some points that we should remember in order to connect controls and corruption correctly: first of all, controls have a hybrid nature: not only are they a way to combat or prevent corruption but also they are real occasions for corrupt transactions; furthermore, controls are a cost and administrative capacity of control is limited; moreover, planning controls is not a simple task; and finally, sanctions following controls must be effective in order to deter.

The article also analyzes what is needed in matters of corruption controls, with special reference to good rules (aiming at a legal system with fewer but better rules, rules which work as incentives, rules capable of designing good institutions). There is also a need for good practices (in order to improve the understanding of corruption processes, to reduce controls, to cooperate in investigating cases of corruption).

Finally, the article warns about the fact that corruption controls produce more bureaucracy and that early detection of corruption would mean, in this perspective, to make a diagnosis of ‘corruptibility’ starting from rules.
Financial Crime Prevention and Control
Authors: De Pascalis Francesco
Published: March 2016

Financial Crime Prevention and Control: The Reforms of a ‘Unique’ Jurisdiction under EU Law and International Standards

Between 2011 and 2014, the Vatican City State (VCS) experienced a reform process which dramatically changed its financial system. The process is still ongoing, and its goal is to establish an anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing (AML/CTF) system. Importantly, this system will be based on the AML/CTF EU legislation and international standards. These facts are noteworthy. First, the reforms cast light on the main Vatican financial institutions against the background of the secrecy that has always characterized their functioning and business operations. Accordingly, there is now more transparency and information about the Vatican financial system. Second, the relevant EU law and international standards are tools through which the VCS can, for the first time, join an international network of countries, sharing and applying the same rules against money laundering (ML) and terrorist financing (TF). This is of extraordinary importance for a jurisdiction like the VCS, which has never referred to European or international principles in its rule-making. In particular, the openness to EU law and international standards stimulates investigating the reasons behind these changes and the impact that these sources of law are having on a jurisdiction regarded as ‘unique’ in the world.
Comparative reproduction mechanisms of three species of Ocimum L. (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Oziegbe Matthew , Kehinde Temitope Olatayo , Matthew Joshua Olumide
Published: March 2016

Ocimum species have a combination of reproductive system which varies with the locality and cultivar. We have studied here the reproductive mechanisms of five variants of three Ocimum species in Nigeria, namely: Ocimum canum Sims., O. basilicum L., and O. americanum L. Flowers from each variant were subjected to open and bagged pollination treatments of hand self-pollination, spontaneous self-pollination and emasculation. All open treatments of the five Ocimum variants produced more fruit and seed than the corresponding bagged treatments. The two O. canum variants and O. basilicum ‘b1’ produced high fruit and seed set in the open and bagged treatments of spontaneous self-pollination. Ocimum basilicum ‘b2’ and O. americanum produced higher fruit and seed set in the self-pollination open treatment but significantly lower fruit and seed set in the bagged treatment. Fewer fruit and seeds were produced in the emasculated open treatments but none in the emasculated bagged treatments of the five Ocimum variants. The floral foragers comprising of bees, wasps and butterflies visited the Ocimum species to collect pollen or nectar in the open treatments. The two O. canum variants and O. basilicum ‘b1’ variant reproduced mainly through autogamy but O. basilicum ‘b2’ and O. americanum showed mixed reproduction of autogamy and outcrosssing. Insect visitation to the flowers enhanced pollination resulting in higher fruit and seed set in all the Ocimum species studied.
Characterization and Optimization of Biosynthesis of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites Produced by Streptomyces sp. 8812
Authors: RAJNISZ ALEKSANDRA , GUŚPIEL ADAM , POSTEK MAGDALENA , ZIEMSKA JOANNA , LASKOWSKA ANNA , RABCZENKO DANIEL , SOLECKA JOLANTA
Published: March 2016

The nutritional requirements and environmental conditions for a submerged culture of Streptomyces sp. 8812 were determined. Batch and fed-batch Streptomyces sp. 8812 fermentations were conducted to obtain high activity of secondary metabolites. In the study several factors were examined for their influence on the biosynthesis of the active metabolites-7-hydroxy-6-oxo-2,3,4,6-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxyl acid (C10H9NO4) and N-acetyl-3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine (C11H13NO5): changes in medium composition, pH of production medium, various growth phases of seed culture, amino acid supplementation and addition of anion exchange resin to the submerged culture. Biological activities of secondary metabolites were examined with the use of dd-carboxypeptidase 64–575 and horseradish peroxidase. Streptomyces sp. 8812 mycelium was evaluated under fluorescent microscopy and respiratory activity of the strain was analyzed. Moreover, the enzymatic profiles of the strain with the use of Api®ZYM test were analyzed and genetic analysis made. Phylogenetic analysis of Streptomyces sp. 8812 revealed that its closest relative is Streptomyces capoamus JCM 4734 (98%), whereas sequence analysis for 16S rRNA gene using NCBI BLAST algorithm showed 100% homology between these two strains. Biosynthetic processes, mycelium growth and enzyme inhibitory activities of these two strains were also compared.
Usefulness of CHROMagar Candida Medium, Biochemical Methods – API ID32C and VITEK 2 Compact and Two MALDI-TOF MS Systems for Candida spp. Identification
Authors: STEFANIUK ELŻBIETA , BARANIAK ANNA , FORTUNA MONIKA , HRYNIEWICZ WALERIA
Published: March 2016

This study was conducted to compare of the yeasts identification results obtained with two new systems using the MALDI-TOF MS technique with the ones obtained using the routine identification methods of Candida spp. in clinical microbiology laboratories. All 124 Candida spp. isolates were recovered from the routine examination of clinical specimens in microbiological laboratories and collected in the Centre of Quality Control in Microbiology in Warsaw (Poland). Our findings confirm the high agreement (98%) of fungal identification using the standard, biochemistry laboratory methods and mass spectrometry technique.
Compliant Biped Walking on Uneven Terrain with Point Feet
Authors: Hou Wenqi , Zhang Taihui , Chen Yangzhen , Ma Hongxu
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we aim to realize compliant biped walking on uneven terrain with point feet. A control system is designed for a 5-link planar biped walker. According to the role that each leg plays, the control system is decomposed into two parts: the swing leg control and the support leg control. The trajectory of the swing foot is generated in real-time to regulate the walking speed. By considering the reaction torque of the swing leg's hip joint as disturbance, a sliding model controller is implemented at the support leg's hip joint to control the torso's posture angle. In order to make sure the landing foot does not rebound after impact, the vertical contact force control is set as the internal loop of the hip's height control. In simulation, the control system is tested on a virtual 5-link planar biped walker in Matlab. Finally, stable biped walking is realized on uneven terrain with roughness up to 2cm.
The Pose Estimation of Mobile Robot Based on Improved Point Cloud Registration
Authors: Miao Yanzi , Liu Yang , Ma Hongbin , Jin Huijie
Published: March 2016

Due to GPS restrictions, an inertial sensor is usually used to estimate the location of indoor mobile robots. However, it is difficult to achieve high-accuracy localization and control by inertial sensors alone. In this paper, a new method is proposed to estimate an indoor mobile robot pose with six degrees of freedom based on an improved 3D-Normal Distributions Transform algorithm (3D-NDT). First, point cloud data are captured by a Kinect sensor and segmented according to the distance to the robot. After the segmentation, the input point cloud data are processed by the Approximate Voxel Grid Filter algorithm in different sized voxel grids. Second, the initial registration and precise registration are performed respectively according to the distance to the sensor. The most distant point cloud data use the 3D-Normal Distributions Transform algorithm (3D-NDT) with large-sized voxel grids for initial registration, based on the transformation matrix from the odometry method. The closest point cloud data use the 3D-NDT algorithm with small-sized voxel grids for precise registration. After the registrations above, a final transformation matrix is obtained and coordinated. Based on this transformation matrix, the pose estimation problem of the indoor mobile robot is solved. Test results show that this method can obtain accurate robot pose estimation and has better robustness.