bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Large-Scale Integrated Wind Farms on the Small Signal Stability of Power System
Authors: Xu Zhen Yu , Qiao Zhen , He Qian , Zhang Xu , Su Jing Qi
Published: September 2013

With the penetration of wind energy is becoming higher and higher in power grid, it is very important to investigate the impact of wind generations on small signal stability. In this paper, a complete small signal model of wind turbine with direct-drive permanent magnet generator is built to study the impact of large-scale wind farms on the small signal stability of power system. By means of simulation and eigenvalue analysis, an actual power system is investigated, and the damping characteristic of power grid under different wind power penetration is discussed.
Analysis of the Technical Features of Wind Energy
Authors: Ding Guan Jun , Fan Bang Kui , Long Teng , Lan Hai Bin , Wang Jing
Published: September 2013

Along with the concern about environmental pollution and global warming, the development of wind energy has rapidly progressed over the last decade by the improving in the technology and the provision of government energy policy. In view of the intermittent property of wind energy causing variability, unpredictability and uncertainty, this paper analyzes the related technical features of wind energy, e.g., power curve, wind speed, wind power and energy, to provide the further reference for analyzing the impacts of wind energy on power system in depth. First of all, wind turbine, the key part of wind energy, is discussed, including its components and power curve. Second, wind speed, the key factor for calculating wind power and energy, is analyzed and derived in detail. On the basis of wind speed distribution, two types of wind speed are calculated, i.e., the arithmetic mean wind speed and the cubic root cube wind speed. Then, wind power and energy are presented and calculated. Finally, the related conclusions are drawn.
Research on Energy Consumption Status and Influencing Factors of the Campus in Hubei
Authors: Xue Shi Hai , Li Yu Yun , Ma You Cai , Yu Yi
Published: September 2013

In view of building a green campus is needed to the sustainable development of our country, this paper based on the energy consumption statistics and energy audit work of campus in Hubei province, and basically got the energy consumption status in Hubei province, the energy consumption indicators are between 28.3kgce / (student • a) and 269.6 kgce / (student • a), the average level is 95.0kgce / (student • a). The main factors affecting the energy consumption of campus were analyzed, including colleges of arts, science, engineering nature, the school's research capacity, and research funding and other factors. What’s more, we come to the conclusion that the relatively scientific evaluation indicators of the campus energy are indicators of annual energy consumption per student, the equivalent value correlations of which reach 0.81.
The Research on Low-Carbon Technology Application Based on Ground Source Heat Pump System
Authors: Li Hong Min , Lei Guang
Published: September 2013

Ground source heat pump system (GSHPS) takes the advantage of shallow geothermal energy, and it can not only provides heat apply but also provide cold making power in a high efficiency and energy saving way. The GSHPS is a low carbon technology and has applied into use. But in China it is a new technology and lack of application. The paper describes the theory of GSHPS, the advantages of GSHPS, the using feasibility of GSHPS and its limitations. Compared with traditional systems, in consideration of system running conditions, energy consumption and the level of environment pollution, the GSHPS can be more efficient and less ecological disruption. And with the developing of the GSHPS technology, it can have a considerable prospect.
Induction Motor Fault Diagnosis Using Voltage Spectrum of Auxiliary Winding and Lissajous Curve of its Park Components
Authors: El Menzhi Lamiaâ , Saad Abdallah
Published: September 2013

In this paper, a new method for induction motor fault diagnosis is presented. It is based on the so-called an auxiliary winding voltage and its Park components. The auxiliary winding is a small coil inserted between two of the stator phases. Expressions of the inserted winding voltage and its Park components are presented. After that, discrete Fourier transform analyzer is required for converting the signals from the time domain to the frequency domain. A Lissajous curve formed of the two Park components is associated to the spectrum. Simulation results curried out for non defected and defected motor show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Influence of Oxygen Ions Bombardment on Optical Properties of MgF2 Anti-Reflection Films
Authors: Guo Xiang Ru , Zhou Ling Ping , Peng Kun , Zhu Jia Jun , Li De Yi
Published: September 2013

Magnesium fluoride (MgF2) thin films were deposited by electron beam evaporation method and then films were bombarded by oxygen ions for various time to study the evolution of optical properties as a function of bombardment time. The transmittance, structure and morphology of films were measured by UV-vis spectroscopy, XRD and metallographic microscope, respectively. The mean transmittance of films in the visible range decrease significantly with an increase of bombardment time.
Study on Eco-Tourism on the Background of Low-Carbon Environmental Protection
Authors: Liu Hong , Gu Ming Chong
Published: September 2013

Beautiful new China" slogan been put forward, the production life style of low carbon environmental protection is more and more subjected to people's favor. The development of ecosystem tour will also welcome the inclination on the policy. Eco-tourism as a low carbon travel patterns, after nearly three decades of development, has made great progress, China's Eco-tourism is still in its infancy not only in theory but also in practice, this paper analyzed current ecotourism problems, and put forward the corresponding countermeasures, hoping provide a reference for the domestic development of Eco-tourism.
Study on the Conversion of Ammonia by Electrochemical Oxidation
Authors: Yuan Fang , Dai Jin Guo , Liang Zhi Hui , Fan Hong Bo , Lv Si Hao
Published: September 2013

The removal of high concentration ammonia in wastewater was investigated by an indirect electrochemical oxidation method using titanium electrodes coated with ruthenium and iridium (RuO2-IrO2-TiO2/Ti). The effect of different initial pH on ammonia removal by electrochemical oxidation was studied. The concentrations variation of ammonia, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrite, and free cholorines, chloramines was analyzed under the conditions with and without pH controlling. The results indicate that ammonia removal efficiency was higher under the moderate alkaline condition than that under neutral one. During the electrolysis process, nitrate and nitrite concentrations were very low, even below their detecting limits. The concentrations of free chlorines and chloramines were significantly affected by pH, as trichloramine and free chlorines were mainly produced in the reaction without pH controlling, while monochloramine was mainly produced in a stable alkalescene.
Study on Rainwater Reuse System
Authors: Wang Zheng Yang , Liu Chun Mei
Published: September 2013

Judging from the current status of water resources all over the world, the analysis of our country the need for reuse of rainwater and its practical significance at this stage. The using of rain water from domestic and foreign , and the actual situation of the construction of rainwater collection, processing, using of systems, rain water reuse in the case of water quality standards implementation rainwater recycling of resources. The water resources are shortage is another important practical problem ,the rainwater reuse is our country's new way to solve water resources pool. However, the disposing process of rain still has some practical problems, which will be necessary to further our study and resolve.
A New Traceability Method for Sudden Water Pollution Accidents
Authors: Yang Hai Dong , Shao Dong Guo , Liu Bi Yu
Published: September 2013

Pollution point source identification for the non-shore emission which is the main form of sudden water pollution incident is considered in this paper. Firstly, the source traceability of sudden water pollution accidents is taken as the Bayesian estimation problem; secondly, the posterior probability distribution of the source's parameters are deduced; thirdly, the marginal posterior probability density is obtained by using a new traceability method; finally, this proposed method is compared with Bayesian-MCMC by numerical experiments. The conclusions are as following: the new traceability method can reduce the iterations, improve the recognition accuracy, and reduce the overall average error obviously and it is more stable and robust than Bayesian-MCMC and can identify sudden water pollution accidents source effectively. Therefore, it provides a new idea and method to solve the difficulty of traceability problems in sudden water pollution accidents.
Risk Analysis of a Closed Limestone Mine Geological Environment in Fengshan County, Southwest China
Authors: Li Yuan Yao , Zhou Chen Xin , Li Zhi Wei
Published: September 2013

There are many closed limestone mines in Fengshan county, Guangxi autonomous region, Southwest China. The geologic environment in the mining area had been destroyed during the mining period without carrying efficient environment governance and land restoration. In order to mitigate the potential geological hazard risk induced by the closed mines, one representative closed mine is chosen to carry out the research of risk analysis. In the paper, firstly, the mine is divided into different zones according to rock mass structure, and geological environmental problems have been analyzed in each zone. Secondly, the failure mode and risk level are analyzed and determined by comprehensive methods of stereographic projection, rigid limit equilibrium method and numerical simulation (by using FLAC3D and ROCKFALL software). Lastly, risk assessments for the closed mine geological environment are proposed. The analysis shows that the mining face can be divided into eight zones (number from I to VIII), which are mainly composed of intact rock, blocky rock, thick platy rock, karstified rock and rock block accumulation body. The major risk in the area comes from rock collapses and rock falls on the mining face. Most of rock collapse will occur in the zone I and II. Rock fall will occur in the zone I to zone Ⅵ. The highest risk will occur in the zone I, II and VIII.
Unconventional Gas Resource and Developing Technology in China
Authors: Liu De Xun , Wang Hong Yan , Zhao Qun , Liu De Lai
Published: September 2013

Many countries in the world begin to attach great importance to the utilization of the unconventional gas. The unconventional gas resources are very abundant in China. The development of Unconventional Gas is still in the early stage. Tight gas enters large scale and commercializing stage. Coalbed methane (CBM) is in the initial stage of commercialization, and shale gas is in the stage of resource evaluation and technology study. There are mainly three challenges need to confront, uncertainties of unconventional gas resources, key technology with low cost and environmental pollution. So in the future, resource evaluation, engineering technologies and environmental technologies in China need to be strengthened.
Mathematic-Economical Model of KT5 Orebody in Yangla Copper Deposit
Authors: Li Yu Jian , Yu Hai Jun , Zhu Jun
Published: September 2013

On the basis of systematic analysis of and research on KT5 orebody, via the special deposit-model software Surpac, with the theory of geostatistics, the mathematic-economical model of the deposit in the Yangla Copper deposit has been established. As a result,3D visibility,dynamic delineation of orebody and calculation of reserves, dynamic query of data have been realized, a successful example has been set for the computer management of mining production and the reconstruction of traditional technology.
Study on Geochemical Characteristics of the Sb Polymetallic District in Da Zhuang of Kai Yuan County in Yunnan Province
Authors: Chen Jiao Jiao , Li Ying Shu , Zhang Yi Ke , He Da Qing , Yang Dong Ming
Published: September 2013

Southeast Yunnan Area is an Important Nonferrous Metals Mineral Resources Base in Yunnan Province, with Good Metallogenic Conditions. the Structure Characteristics of Kai Yuan Da Zhuang Mining Area is more Complex, with Favorable Conditions for Mineralization. Based on Detailed Geological Investigation, Combined with the Geochemical Data and Geological Setting, Deposit Features of Da Zhuang Antimony Ore Deposit and Summarizes Geochemical Characteristics, that is to Study the Genesis of this Deposit and is to Predict the Mining Ore.
A Permeability Model for Undersaturated Coalbed Methane Reservoirs Considering the Coal Matrix Shrinkage Effect
Authors: Zhao Jun Long , Tang Da Zhen , Xu Hao , Meng Yan Jun , Lv Yu Min
Published: September 2013

With the analysis of key elements on the strain state of coal, a permeability dynamic prediction model which is divided by the critical desorption pressure for undersaturated coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs was established on the basis of pore pressure and considering the matrix shrinkage effect of coal. The law between permeability and pore pressure was analyzed during production with the new model. Through case study, the rationality of the model was also verified. The research shows that the degree of permeability changes mainly depends on the relationship between the critical desorption pressure and the rebound pressure which depends on the strength of the matrix shrinkage. Under the condition of equivalent matrix shrinkage, the reservoirs permeability rebounds better with high Young's modulus and low Poisson's ratio. Adjustment factor contributes to improve the influence of matrix shrinkage on permeability and the larger the matrix shrinkage strength is, the higher the permeability rebounds. PM model and CB model are similar to the new model. PM model limits the matrix shrinkage strength, and CB model is a special case of the new model. Comparing with the well test permeability, the new model is more reasonable to characterize the matrix shrinkage effect in the development process.
Dynamic Characteristics of Rock and Coal during Deep Upper Protective Mining with Short Distance
Authors: Hui Gong Ling , Song Jin Hu
Published: September 2013

The studying of the nonlinear dynamical of rock mass has directly effect on the forecast and the prevention of the disasters in coal mining. However, there have very few tests of the large-scale simulation experiments of dynamic characteristics of rock mass in deep mining. This article focuses on the protective seam in Ji14-31010 of Tian’an Twelvth Mine with the experimental prototype. The simulation model test is carried out to study the mining pressure in Ji14. The displacement and stress of the Ji14 is obtained in the excavation process. The displacement and the stress change law of the underlying coal and rock mass are analyzed from the test data. The analysis results give some suggestions to the project design.
Numerical Simulation of the Grille-Type Gas Flow Meter in a Short Duct
Authors: Zhao Yong Gang , Sun Bao Min , Liu Zhi Qiang , Yang Ding Hua , Guan Qing Liang , Zhang Rui Qing
Published: September 2013

Based on Bernoulli law, a average flow meter for short duct is usually designed with a rectifying grille, a series of sectional distributed pressure points and a large pressure-averaging vessel. As rectification is one of the key characteristics of this method, the effect of grille on rectifying is numerically simulated. The predicted results show that the grille in the 800mm×500mm section is very effective on regulating the originally disordered flow in the wind box branch duct. The velocity distribution tends to be uniform when the arrayed pitch is decreased while the rectifying effect is not closely associated with the relative location of the grille. The grille thickness plays a determining role as the rectifying becomes gradually weakened when the thickness is over 200mm. When a 5×4 grille with a thickness of 200mm is mounted at 200mm from the main duct outlet horizontally in downstream duct of the main wind box, the averaged pressure of each subsection is in good linear relation with the average gas velocity in the branch duct. The linear relationship is well maintained when the static pressure is measured at specific position and the dynamic pressure point is installed with error of 4o. This indicates that the grille-type flow meter is very reliable on measuring average gas velocity in short ducts. The application of this method on a 200MW industrial boiler shows that it possess promising potentials on optimizing combustion and emission, which could bring admirable environmental, economic and social benefits.
Preparation of Superfine Activated Calcium Carbonate from Calcium Carbide Residue by the Liquid-State Method with Propionic Acid
Authors: Dong Wei Long , Zhou Mi , Qian Xin
Published: September 2013

Processes of extracting calcium from the calcium carbide residue by the liquid-state method with propionic acid were studied, and in order to find optimal craft, the orthogonal array was devised. Results of chemical analyses showed that the extracting calcium yield was 93.4%. The purity of product prepared by this process was 97%, in addition, the whiteness of product was 98.6 and the product could reach the standard of HG/T 2567-2006. The IR spectroscopy and TGA provided evidence to support the existence of the propionic acid unit coating the outside of the calcium carbonate particle. The SEM image proved that the morphology of calcium carbonate was spherical. The DLS confirmed that the diameter of the calcium carbonate particle was about 2.5 μm.
Determination of Boron in Water Samples by the Spectrophotometric Curcumin Method
Authors: Qin Ying
Published: September 2013

The boron concentrations in water samples from the Yellow River and a reservoir were measured by the spectrophotometric curcumin method. Results show that there is a good linear relationship between the absorbance and the concentration (R2=0.9991). The sensitivity of this method was 0.029 µg, and the precision is 2.05%~5.41%. For different treatments of solutions, the recovery of added boron was in the range of 96.3 to 106.2%. This method is sensitive, accurate, reproducible and easy to be operated.
Study on the Pore Size Expansion of Mesoporous Materials V-MCM-41 Using N, N-Dimethyl Formamide Amine
Authors: Guo Fang , Xu Jun Qiang , Li Jun
Published: September 2013

The mesoporous materials with pore size expansion were synthesized by hydrothermal method with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CATB) as template. The N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMFA) amine was selected to expand the pore size of these materials. The samples were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption and SEM. The pore size could be changed with post treatment temperature. The range of pore size was 3.94 - 5.83 nm. The pore size didn't increase with the increasing of post treatment temperature. The SEM pictures of materials with pore expansion by post-hydrothermal treatment clearly revealed that the resulting particles were almost perfectly spherical in shape. The XRD analysis showed the typical Bragg reflections of the hexagonal V-MCM-41 material by DMFA at 130 °C for 48 h in the post hydrothermal synthesis.
Interaction Effects of L-cysteine and Lactobacillus paracasei Fermentation Liquid on the Combination of Corn Starch and Protein
Authors: Li Xiao Na , Li Xin Hua , Zhang Li Li
Published: September 2013

In order to solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by SO2steeping solution in the process of corn starch production, L-cysteine was used as reducing agent to break the combination of corn starch and protein. Corn sour slurry fermented by Lactobacillus paracasei was used as flocculating agent to accelerate sedimentation of corn starch. Corn was milled after steeping by corn sour slurry. Slurry was added L-Cysteine and stirred for 2h. Hydrosulphonyl content and starch mass was determined to study the effects of L-cysteine on the combination of corn starch and protein. Experimental results show that the effects on combination of corn starch and protein were great when L-cysteine content was 1%,acting temperature30°C, acting time4.2h, solution pH6.5.
Building a Financial Support System for Environmental Protection about Low-Carbon Energy - Example of Xinjiang Province
Authors: Li Ji Gang , Miao Yu
Published: September 2013

The paper gives an analysis of the characteristics of carbon emissions through estimating Xinjiangs carbon emission amount and then provides a suggestion that we should do more efforts to support carbon reduction in both production and consumption fields. Finally, the paper proposes a financial support path for energy low-carbonizing in Xinjiang.
Bio-Encapsulation for the Immune-Protection of Therapeutic Cells
Authors: Mazumder Mohammad A. Jafar
Published: September 2013

The design of new technologies for treatment of human disorders is a complex and difficult task. The aim of this article is to explore state of art discussion of various techniques and materials involve in cell encapsulations. Encapsulation of cells within semi-permeable polymer shells or beads is a potentially powerful tool, and has long been explored as a promising approach for the treatment of several human diseases such as lysosomal storage disease (LSD), neurological disorders, Parkinsons disease, dwarfism, hemophilia, cancer and diabetes using immune-isolation gene therapy.
Effect of Drawing Tubes without Interoperation Recrystallization Annealing on the Orientation of Boundaries Grain - Orthogonal Direction
Authors: Ridzoň Martin , Bílik Jozef , Závacká Anna
Published: September 2013

The term cold-drawing of tubes refers to forming when the final material (a tube) is formed in a pipe bell and its vertical cross-section is smaller, the tube wall is thinner or thicker and its length is greater. Steel is most commonly the final material. The forming proceeds in a few draws which depend on the final tube dimension. The selection of relative reduction for particular diameters plays an important role because an unbalanced reduction causes stress, and therefore also deformation or cracks during drawing. The technological parameters are: rolling temperature, de-burring of tube ends, the reduction, which determines the dimensions of the forming tools, the optimal chemical modification, the speed of forming on the drawbenches, and the method of tube drawing.
An Audio Zero-Watermarking Algorithm Based on Wavelet and Cepstrum Coefficients Mean Comparison
Authors: Hu Teng , Zhang Ru , Liu Jian Yi
Published: September 2013

This paper presented an audio zero-watermarking algorithm based on wavelet and cepstrum coefficients mean comparison. The Algorithm first divided the original audio into four parts, and then used the wavelet transform to conduct 3-level wavelet decomposition in every audio signal, extracting the approximate coefficients of the third layer wavelet to conduct cepstrum transform according to fixed length segment,and removing the part with high fluctuation at both ends of the cepstral coefficients, selecting the stable middle part to construct the watermark based on the two neighboring mean value relation. The simulation results showed that the algorithm had fine robustness under common attacks like resampling, requantization, MP3 compression, Gaussian white noise, low-pass filtering,wavelet denoising and echo attack.
Trusted Operating Systems for Manufacturing E-Commerce System Secure
Authors: Zhou Gui Xian , Zhang Ding Yi
Published: September 2013

manufacturing e-commerce systems are considered as the backbone of the manufacturing industry in China, Vulnerabilities in web applications continue to be the most frequently discovered security problem. This article illustrates a trusted operating systems how to provide a flexible solution to the problem of application for e-commerce. With the help of Chinese Wall, web services are becoming popular in Web applications. In the end, we present strategies for e-commerce application: trusted e-commerce module.
The Summary of Chaos Theory in PV System
Authors: Ma You Jie , Ma Ling , Zhou Xue Song
Published: September 2013

In the situation that the traditional energy shortage and environmental pollution problems have become increasingly grim, the new energy research has been widespread concern at home and abroad. Represented by distributed photovoltaic power is gradually from a stand alone system toward large-scale grid direction. However, the PV system chaotic phenomena threaten the stability of the system.
Effect of Coupling Agent on the Mechanical Properties of Flame Retardant PP/ATH Nanocomposites
Authors: Sabaruddin Fatimah A’thiyah , Samat Noorasikin
Published: September 2013

Polymer nanocomposites containing polypropylene (PP) as the polymer matrix and nanofiller aluminium hydroxide (ATH) as the flame retardant filler were compounded with various loading of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, MAPP (0, 1, 2, 3, 5 wt %). All materials were mixed using melt mixing process and were further prepared using an injection moulding machine. The mechanical performances of the samples were characterized using tensile and impact tests. Improvements were observed for the tensile and impact properties of the PP/ATH samples after being loaded with MAPP. MAPP loading of 1 wt % was determined to be the optimum content of coupling agent addition as this loading enabled the best performance of the nanocomposite in tensile and impact tests. Different morphologies of the fracture surfaces for all samples were characterized using FESEM analysis.
Synthesis and Characterization of Palm Oil Based Polyol
Authors: Siti Munira Yahaya , Mohd Ahmad Faiza , Rahmah Mohamed
Published: September 2013

In this study, palm oil-based polyols were prepared and characterized. In order to prepare the polyol, Epoxidized palm oil (EPO) was reacted with glycerol and undergoes ring opening reaction. The synthesized oil was characterized by oxygen oxirane content titration (OOC), hydroxyl value test (HV), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Based on the FTIR spectrum of polyols, the disappearance of epoxy groups at 825cm-1, 843cm-1 and the emergence of hydroxyl group at 3394cm-1 are obvious indicating that hydroxyl group of the polyols formed. In NMR, the presence of new signal at δ 3.46ppm (-CH-OH) showed the attachment of hydroxyl group onto the epoxidized palm oil.
High Pressure Torsioning of Cu-9Fe-1.2X(X = Co, Ni, Ag) Microcomposites and their Microstructural and Mechanical Evolution
Authors: Choi Woo Min , Hong Sun Ig
Published: September 2013

In this study, strength of Cu-9Fe-1.2X (X 5 Ag or Cr) microcomposite disks obtained HPT(high pressure torsioning) have been investigated. The dendrite arms were aligned along the drawing direction and elongated into filaments. The filament spacings were found to small in Cu-9Fe-1.2Ag compared to those of other microcomposites. The ultimate tensile strength of the Cu-Fe-Ag microcomposites were higher than those of Cu-Fe-Co and Cu-Fe-Ni microcomposites, suggesting the strengthening of the matrix is more effective than the strengthening of the filaments in strengthening the microcomposites. The strength of Cu-Fe-Xi microcomposites increased more rapidly when the finer microstructure was developed by the plastic flow and refinement of filaments by the effect of strong Cu matrix strengthened by Ag atoms. With increase of strain up to 7 rotations, the second phase lamella was observed to be fragmented by HPT rotations and small second phase particles were observed.
Research on the Online Test of the Fly Cutting Machine Tool Spindle
Authors: Fu Peng Qiang , Zhang Yong , Zhang Fei Hu , Wang Jing He
Published: September 2013

The online test system of the vertical spindle motion error of the ultra-precision fly cutting machine tool was established. And then using the online test system established to test and analyze the state of the rotary motion of the spindle under the idling condition. The axial synchronous motion error value of the spindle under 390rpm is about 61 nm, and the asynchronous error motion is about 33nm. The radial error motion value is about 91nm, and the asynchronous error is about 35nm. Through the test, we found that the axial and radial spindle error motion accuracy under idling speed can been improved with the spindle speed increases.
Structure Scheme Design of a Large Ultra-Precision Hydrostatic Rotary Table with a High Diameter-Length Ratio
Authors: Sun Ya Zhou , Wu Jiu Da , Zhang Jing He , Liu Hai Tao
Published: September 2013

This essay briefly introduces a structure scheme design of a high diameter-length ratio rotary plate. This structure scheme is unique from any well-known schemes. In this scheme, there is only one flat act as the working flat for both main thrust bearing and aux thrust bearing. It minimizes the faces which need lapping. At the same time, this scheme minimizes the number of assembling parts. So, it will be easier for this scheme to achieve high accuracy. This essay includes the process of design: calculation for bearings and schemes compare.
A Miniature Refiner Plate Design and Manufacturing
Authors: Ma Yan , Wu Quan Hui , Yang Chun Mei , Jing Feng Ming
Published: September 2013

This paper described a miniature refiner plate and its manufacturing. The plate was used for preparation of timber microfibril. Grinding teeth used Archimedes spiral groove as a path, the path effectively increased grinding trajectory path; all grinding teeth and alveolus unit were in the same equal length, effectively increasing the flow and easy to manufacture. The semifinished plate was processed in an ordinary lathe, then the processed surface was quenching, ensuring hardness, wear resistance and fatigue strength.
Pose Estimation of Round-Shape Workpieces Based on Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Lin Gui Chao , Zou Xiang Jun , Zhu Meng Si , Chen Ke Yin , Ke Zhuang Xu
Published: September 2013

Since traditional pose estimation methods with the features of points, lines and so on might not be applied directly to round-shape workpieces, a new pose estimation method for round-shape workpieces genetic algorithm based was proposed. Compared with previous studies, this method needs no auxiliary information, such as points, lines, concentric circles and so on. Firstly, transformation model of perspective projection of round-shape workpiece was created, and the round-shape workpiece was characterized by analytic equation. Secondly, via detecting the contour and extracting its feature of workpiece, a feature error function was established with respect to the pose angles, which was a multi-objective nonlinear function. Finally, the error function was solved by an improved genetic algorithm and the pose estimation of round-shape workpiece was achieved. The result of related experiments showed that the method had high accuracy, and to some extent inhibited the effects of noise.
Study on the Test System of ERF's Performance
Authors: He Xin Sheng , Huang Peng , Fei Kai , Zhang Xiao Yi , Chen Wei Zeng , Gao Chun Fu
Published: September 2013

Electrorheological fluid (ERF) is a new kind of smart materials, which has a great deal of market value and broad application prospects. To meet the needs of the ERFs performance testing, design and produce of the ERF's performance test system are based on the relationship of the apparent viscosity, shear stress and electric field strength. Select the NDJ-8S digital viscometer, high voltage DC power supply, liquid container, and other parts to constitute the ERFs performance test system after considering the relationship of the apparent viscosity, shear stress, shear rate and electric field strength. The system has potentials to control voltage, change velocity, change the distance between the parallel panels, and test the yield stress of the ERF, shear stress, viscosity and other parameters. The study introduces the hardware and software device, the related experiments, and obtains the relationship of the viscosity, rotational speed, voltage, and plate gap.
Study on Correction Method of Subgrade Modulus Based on FWD
Authors: Luo Xiao Hua , Yang Qing , Qiu Xin
Published: September 2013

In order to calibrate subgrade back calculation modulus, the correction method of subgrade back calculation modulus was put forward based on theoretical analysis and indoor/outdoor experiments, and the detailed implementation process was analyzed combined the latest results of subgrade dynamic modulus and subgrade moisture forecast. The results show that the equivalent resilient modulus of subgrade simultaneously consider subgrade material moisture condition and stress dependency and the forecast equation has higher correlation. The ratio of the loading plate test results to the predicted results ranges from 0.25 to 0.4 and the mean is 0.32, which conforms to the requirements of AASHTO normal value. Utilizing the scale factor 0.65 to calibrate subgrade back calculation modulus is viable and validated. The results provides a new perspective and approach for deformation analysis of subgrade structure. As well, the established method makes up the defect that can't reflect the effect of moisture and stress on equivalent resilient modulus of subgrade.
Relationship between Phonon Parameters and Oxygen Ion Conductivity for Al-Yb Co-Doped Zirconia
Authors: Teranishi Takashi , Matsubara Nami , Hayashi Hidetaka , Kishimoto Akira
Published: September 2013

The relationship between the optical phonon parameters and the oxygen ion conductivities were investigated for AlYb co-doped zirconia ceramics. Intrinsic intragrain ion conductivity, σdc, decreased with increasing Al loading into ytterbia-stabilized zirconia, while the damping parameter of the lattice vibration, γ1TO, increased. This phenomenon agreed with findings of our previous study, which revealed a relationship between the σdc and the γ1TO for zirconia-based ion conductors.
Synthesis and Characterization of BaTiO3 Fine Powders by Pulse Jet Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: Myoujin Kenichi , Kodera Takayuki , Minami Ryoma , Omura Takuya , Ogihara Takashi , Yamada Nobuya
Published: September 2013

BaTiO3 precursor powders were synthesized by two types of pulse jet spray pyrolysis1000 and 2000 kcal/h typesusing an aqueous solution of metal salt. All as-prepared powders crystallized to the cubic and other phases. However, the powders almost reached the tetragonal phase through calcination at 900 °C in air for 2 h. The crystallinity of the powders obtained from 2000 kcal/h type pyrolysis was higher than those obtained from the 1000 kcal/h type. When Ba (NO3)2 was used, nanoparticle formation at an average particle size of approximately 150 nm, with a narrow size distribution, was observed. The relative density of the sintered body was 87 %. The relative dielectric constant of the BaTiO3 body was 1450, and its tanδ value was 0.017 at room temperature.
System-Level BITs Fault Diagnosis and Isolation Based on Diagnostic Tree and Bayesian Network
Authors: He Qi Yu , Qiu Jing , Liu Guan Jun , Lv Ke Hong , Yang Peng
Published: September 2013

Large systems have complex structures and functions, which makes it more difficult in fault isolation. Given the design features of BITs (built-in test) of large complex systems, a method, based on the diagnostic tree and Bayesian network, has been proposed for fault diagnosis and isolation of System-level BITs. First, faults are rapidly isolated in accordance with the diagnostic tree as well as the information of periodic BITs and maintenance BITs. Then, a diagnostic method based on the Bayesian network has been put forward to solve the problems of ambiguity groups of three LRUs or more and to accomplish further diagnosis and isolation. Finally, a certain subsystem of radar has been exemplified to verify the effectiveness of the method proposed by this study.
Weak-Points Diagnosis of Gas Turbine Disk by Modal Parameter Identification
Authors: Yu Ming , Yu Xin Ke , Wang Wen Jin , Zhang Jing , Zhang Ling Li
Published: September 2013

In order to keep gas turbine disk safe and reliable, and to provide reliable data for the dynamic design or modification of a gas turbine disk, dynamic characteristic of the gas turbine disk has to be obtained. In the paper, the method based on the combination of calculation mode and the experiment mode is proposed to analysis the dynamic characteristic of the gas turbine disk. The modal parameters and the mode shapes are calculated through ANSYS program. On the basis of these modal parameters, the faults of the gas turbine disk are shown and its weak points of the design are illustrated. The reason for deformation is analyzed and relevant measures employed to reduce faults are proposed. By these improvements in question, a guarantee of the gas turbine disk working normally has been available.
Research on Algorithm of Trajectory Connecting with Straight Line in Motion Control of CNC
Authors: Ding Yan Yu , Liu Qing Jian , Wang Tai Yong , Dong Jing Chuan , Li Bo
Published: September 2013

In view of the current trajectories connecting with straight line, the methods of transfer and error analysis are elaborated in detail. To the errors caused by current trajectories connecting with straight line, analysis of the relationship between transfer error and interpolation surplus coupled with the angle is explained. And the explanation is according to the different angles between velocity vectors.
The Investigate of Spinning Process Module by Textile Collaborative Design System
Authors: Shi Da Wei , Wang Rui
Published: September 2013

This paper was focused on the research of remote spinning process collaborative products development system based on Internet. The research was mainly to establish textile products and process designs, which could lead to the Processing Public Service Platform for the small and medium sized enterprises. The project is supported by the IMAR (Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region) Natural Science Foundation. In this study, the cotton spinning technology is taken as an example emphatically in the thesis. Related processing examples could be inquired by process designers, the process parameters could also be optimized while they select and call the process parameters from related main process of cotton spinning in spinning process parameters calculate system, and then the enterprise coalition cooperated to design product and process by use remote-data interview and synergism.
CD8+ Memory T Cells Appear Exhausted within Hours of Acute Virus Infection
Authors: Hosking Martin P. , Flynn Claudia T. , Botten Jason , Whitton J. Lindsay
Published: September 2013

CD8+ memory T cells are abundant and are activated in a near-synchronous manner by infection, thereby providing a unique opportunity to evaluate the coordinate functional and phenotypic changes that occur in vivo within hours of viral challenge. Using two disparate virus challenges of mice, we show that splenic CD8+ memory T cells rapidly produced IFN-γ in vivo; however, within 18–24 h, IFN-γ synthesis was terminated and remained undetectable for ≥48 h. A similar on/off response was observed in CD8+ memory T cells in the peritoneal cavity. Cessation of IFN-γ production in vivo occurred despite the continued presence of immunostimulatory viral Ag, indicating that the initial IFN-γ response had been actively downregulated and that the cells had been rendered refractory to subsequent in vivo Ag contact. Downregulation of IFN-γ synthesis was accompanied by the upregulation of inhibitory receptor expression on the T cells, and ex vivo analyses using synthetic peptides revealed a concurrent hierarchical loss of cytokine responsiveness (IL-2, then TNF, then IFN-γ) taking place during the first 24 h following Ag contact. Thus, within hours of virus challenge, CD8+ memory T cells display the standard hallmarks of T cell exhaustion, a phenotype that previously was associated only with chronic diseases and that is generally viewed as a gradually developing and pathological change in T cell function. Our data suggest that, instead, the “exhaustion” phenotype is a rapid and normal physiological T cell response.
Fasting, justification, and self-righteousness in Luke 18:9–14: A social-scientific interpretation as response to Friedrichson
Authors: Mathews Steven H. , Van Eck Ernest
Published: September 2013

This article provides a social-scientific interpretation of the role of fasting in Jesus’ parable of the Pharisee and the tax collector in Luke 18:9–14. Specifically, the article considers such social realia as honour and shame, collectivism, and purity in the interpretation of the text. The textual and social contexts of the text are considered. It is contended that in the parable Jesus presents a caricature of both the Pharisee and the tax collector to make a larger point, in which fasting is not a major consideration. The article also evaluates Friedrichson’s interpretation of this text, which depicts the Pharisee as fasting vicariously, resulting in the justification of the tax collector. Finally, the significance of this text in a holistic theology of fasting in the New Testament is considered.
Current status of multidrug resistant tuberculosis in a tertiary care hospital of East Delhi
Authors: Sagar T , Singh NP , Kashyap B , Kaur IR
Published: September 2013

Background and Objective:

Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is caused by infection due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis which is resistant to both isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF). It is caused by selection of resistant mutant strains due to inadequate treatment and poor compliance. MDR-TB is a major public health problem as the treatment is complicated, cure rates are well below those for drug susceptible tuberculosis and patient remains infectious for months despite receiving the best available therapy. The drug susceptibility pattern of M. tuberculosis is essential for proper control of MDR-TB in every health care setting, hence the study was initiated with the aim of studying the prevalence of MDR-TB in patients attending a tertiary care hospital in east Delhi.

Materials and Methods:

Five hundred and forty-three pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples from suspected cases of tuberculosis received in the mycobacteriology laboratory from November 2009 through October 2010 were investigated for M. tuberculosis. All the samples were subjected to direct microscopic examination for demonstration of acid fast bacilli followed by culture on Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium to isolate M. tuberculosis. Identification was done by conventional biochemical methods. Drug susceptibility of isolated M. tuberculosis strains was done by conventional 1% proportion method followed by sequencing of RIF resistant isolates to detect mutations to confirm resistance.

Results and Conclusions:

M. tuberculosis was isolated from 75 out of 543 suspected cases of pulmonary/extrapulmonary TB. Three of the total 75 M. tuberculosis isolates (4%) showed resistance to any one of the first line drugs. Prevalence of MDR-TB was 1.3%. The sequencing of single MDR strain showed mutations at codons 516, 517, and 518. Amplification of rpoB and sequential analysis of the amplicon is a better way of detection of mutation and the evidence of new mutation in this study indicate that mutations continue to arise, probably due to the ability of M. tuberculosis to adapt to drug exposure.
Course of insight in manic episode
Authors: Kumar A , Kumar S , Khan NM , Mishra S
Published: September 2013

Background:

Insight is an important factor associated with non compliance and poor outcome. Poor level of insight has been described as a characteristic in patients with acute bipolar disorder with more unawareness in social consequences with increasing severity in manic episode.

Aim:

Main aim of study was to see the baseline and longitudinal relationship between dimensions of insight with improvement in psychopathology.

Setting and Design:

Forty four patients diagnosed with mania, were selected from an inpatient setting at Institute of Mental Health and Hospital, Agra with mean age of 31.07(±9.00) years. They were assessed at base line and were followed up weekly or psychopathology and insight.

Materials and Methods:

The Young's mania rating scale for psychopathology and insight was assessed on three dimensions of SUMD.

Results:

Twenty five patients eventually completed the study. There was a positive correlation with global insight and with psychopathology consistent in longitudinal follow-up (P<0.05), but not correlating for awareness for achieved effect of medication and social consequences. Linear regression showed a positive relationship at the first and second week of assessment of SUMD and YMRS scores (P=0.001; 0.019).

Conclusion:

Improvement in insight is graded in a manic episode as compared to psychopathology. There is slower improvement in awareness of social consequences of mental disorder. It means that improvement in psychopathology may not necessarily indicate remission and need further supervision to improve insight and hence monitoring.
Global patterns of seasonal variation in gastrointestinal diseases
Authors: Fares A
Published: September 2013

Objectives:

This study reviewed previous studies to explore the global patterns of seasonal variation in gastrointestinal diseases.

Study Design and Methods:

A series of systematic literature reviews were undertaken to identify studies reporting seasonal and monthly data on clinical onset or relapse of gastrointestinal diseases (Acute pancreatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, Peptic ulcer diseases (PUD), gastroesophageal reflux disease, colon cancer and colonic diverticulitis). Thirty-two primary studies (published 1970-2012) from 17 countries were identified.

Results:

Upon review of the evidence, it appears that the seasonal peaks of PUD are most prominent in colder months while the peak of incidence rate of Crohn diseases in most of the countries subjects were found during the spring and summer seasons. Seasonal trend in the onset of acute pancreatitis exhibits a summer peak in some countries. There were no clearly seasonal peaks noted for the ulcerative colitis.

Conclusions:

Future experimental and observational studies should consider how the environmental factors (infection, cold, air pollution etc.) or other triggers (dietary habit, alcohol consumption) promotes or hinders such diseases.
Colistin
Authors: Dhariwal AK , Tullu MS
Published: September 2013

The treatment of the emerging multidrug resistant (MDR) gram-negative organisms is a challenge. The development of newer antibiotics has recently slowed down. This has led to the re-emergence of the ‘old forgotten’ antibiotic "Colistin", whose use had almost stopped (after 1970's) due to the high incidence of nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Colistin (polymyxin E) is a polypeptide antibiotic belonging to polymyxin group of antibiotics with activity mainly against the gram-negative organisms. Use of colistin has been increasing in the recent past and newer studies have shown lesser toxicity and good efficacy. Colistin acts on the bacterial cell membrane resulting in increased cell permeability and cell lysis. Colistin can be administered orally, topically, by inhalational route, intramuscularly, intrathecally, and also intravenously. Parenteral Colistin (in the form of colistimethate sodium) has been used to treat ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and bacteremia caused by MDR bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Inhaled Colistin is used for treating pneumonia/VAP due to MDR gram-negative organisms and also used prophylactically in patients with cystic fibrosis. This manuscript is a brief review of Colistin and its clinical applications in the pediatric population.