bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vaccination Status and In-hospital Mortality Among Adults With COVID-19 in Jakarta, Indonesia: A Retrospective Hospital-based Cohort Study
Authors: Hutapea Hotma Martogi Lorensi , Dhewantara Pandji Wibawa , Suryatma Anton , Anasi Raras , Hendarwan Harimat , Sudaryo Mondastri Korib , Gayatri Dwi
Published: November 2023

Objectives: Prospective studies on vaccination status and mortality related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in low-resource settings are still limited. We assessed the association between vaccination status (full, partial, or none) and in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients at most hospitals in Jakarta, Indonesia during the Delta predomination wave.Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study among hospitalized COVID-19 patients who met the study criteria (>18 years old and admitted for inpatient treatment because of laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection). We linked individual-level data in the hospital admission database with vaccination records. Several socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were also analyzed. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to explore the association between vaccination status and in-hospital mortality in this patient group.Results: In total, 40 827 patients were included in this study. Of these, 70% were unvaccinated (n=28 543) and 19.3% (n=7882) died during hospitalization. The mean age of the patients was 49 years (range, 35-59), 53.2% were female, 22.0% had hypertension, and 14.2% were treated in the intensive care unit, and the median hospital length of stay across the group was 9 days. Our study showed that the risk of in-hospital mortality among fully and partially vaccinated patients was lower than among unvaccinated adults (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40 to 0.47 and aHR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.77, respectively).Conclusions: Vaccinated patients had fewer severe outcomes among hospitalized adults during the Delta wave in Jakarta. These features should be carefully considered by healthcare professionals in treating adults within this patient group.
Grandes almacenes, en Houston (Texas)
Authors: Franzheim Kenneth , Niven ; Francis J.
Published: November 2023

Una de las obras más importantes del arquitecto norteamericano Kenneth Franzheim, es la de estos grandes almacenes, cuyas particularidades, aparte de carecer de ventanas, son las circulaciones verticales, que han merecido grandes elogios de cuantos arquitectos las han visitado.
Parque deportivo "Puerta de Hierro”
Authors: Muñoz Monasterio Manuel
Published: November 2023

Publicado en el número 63 de nuestra Revista el proyecto, premiado en concurso, completamos, ahora, su información con la documentación gráfica de la obra ya acabada.
Revestimiento mecánico de canales de gran sección
Authors: Loudon Robert E.
Published: November 2023

No disponible
Computer Operators and Software Engineers at Data Resources Inc.
Authors: Duarte Pedro G. , Sergi Francesco
Published: November 2023

This article illustrates how computers and software were pivotal for the commercial success of Data Resources Inc. (DRI), one of the main econometric private companies in the US during the 1970s and 1980s. DRI was established in 1968 and it was directed until 1984 by Harvard economist Otto E. Eckstein. Relying on his academic and government networks, Eckstein was able to build a large-scale macroeconometric model for DRI, which produced economic forecasts sold to businesses and the government. In this article, we highlight how the computer infrastructure at DRI was organized to perform macroeconometric modeling, as well as many other commercial activities related to economic analysis and econometrics. We argue that DRI is a crucial case study in the history of large-scale macroeconometric modeling because of its distinctive use of computer tools, including notably the time-sharing technology, and its development of new software for economists. These computer-related aspects of DRI practices are documented through semi-directed interviews with Peter White (a former computer operator and software engineer at DRI), as well as a few other economists who were directly or indirectly involved with DRI’s activities.
The Role of Computers in the Emergence of Experimental Economics Laboratories: Material Culture and Moral Economy
Authors: Svorenčík Andrej
Published: November 2023

The emergence of experimental economics laboratories is tied to adopting computers as key instruments for conducting experimental research in economics. Various ways in which computer technology as a new form of material culture in experimental economics changed the practice of economics experimentation are examined. First, competing technologies for connecting computers and experimental subjects sitting behind them were used by two leading figures of experimental economics. Vernon Smith’s Economic Science Laboratory (ESL) at the University of Arizona, established in 1985, used touch-screen terminals connected to a time-sharing mainframe computer in Illinois. In contrast, Charles Plott’s Laboratory for Experimental Economics and Political Science (EEPS) at Caltech, founded in 1987, used locally networked personal computers. Each technological solution had different implications for the laboratory infrastructure, the types of experiments that could easily be programmed and conducted, and the interaction of experimental subjects. Eventually, local ethernet networks became the standard, and EEPS became a model for other laboratories. Besides technological standardization, I also analyze computer technology’s operational and conceptual impact on experimental economics practice.However, one needs to go beyond investigating the experimental economics laboratory’s material culture to explain the laboratories’ rapid proliferation at the turn of the 1980s when experimental economics came of age. I identify the culture of sharing software among experimental economists as a key communal norm and part of experimental economists’ moral economy as a key factor in this transformation.
Studies of Al2219-SiC Composite Using Liquid Metallurgy: Effect of Mechanical and Wear Properties
Authors: Bhole Krishnakant , Dheeraj Chukkala , Manjunath L.H. , Karthikeyan C.R.G. , Arudra Aryan , Vamsi Ganesh S. Naga , Thyagaraj N.R. , Ravi Kumar M.
Published: November 2023

There is a significant improvement in specific strength and wear resistance of metal matrix composites (MMCs) in comparison to unreinforced alloys. Low-density reinforcements such as SiC havethe advantageof beingrelatively inexpensive and readily available abundantly and is cost-eﬀective among the several uneven dispersoids used. Meagre work is carried out on processing of Al2219-SiC MMCs which is the originality of current work. The Al2219 matrix alloy in the current study was reinforced with diﬀerent weight percentages of SiC (3%, 5%, and 7%), and it was produced by the stir casting process. Its microstructure and physical properties were examined, and it was then compared to the alloy as-cast. A study of SiC reinforced Al2219 MMC characterization and stir casting technology is presented in this paper to illustrate its salient features.
Joint Application of Stone Dust and Construction Demolition Waste in the Construction Industry
Authors: Vachuška Václav , Vološinová Dagmar , Panov Valeriy , Zapletalová Radmila
Published: November 2023

In the Czech Republic, natural stone reserves at mining sites are decreasing. Mining companies face the problem of handling waste materials, especially when processing stone. The article describes research that proposes using stone dust in producing ecological building materials, the transition from a linear economy model to a circular one, and an investigation into the use of construction and demolition waste and basalt fibres. The results show that using stone dust in construction products, in terms of the consumption of binders and water, and its use through larger particles or manufactured aggregates, reducing the risk of deformations, is more effective work.
Changes in the Strength Characteristics of Sediment-Based Concrete as a Binder Substitute over Time
Authors: Junáková Natália , Bálintová Magdaléna , Junak Jozef
Published: November 2023

The article summarizes the development of the strength characteristics of concrete over 5 years of curing, prepared on the basis of 40% replacement of the binder with sediments from the Ruzin water reservoir. The results showed, that the use of the original fine-grained sediment as a binder indicates a continuous increase in the strengths of the composites during 5 years of curing. The addition of fly ash to the mixture confirm its slower effect on increasing compressive strengths at the beginning of hardening. An increase in the compressive strengths of the composites by 35% was observed after one year of curing. The compressive strengths of the composites prepared with 40% cement replacement by sediments after 5 years of hardening were at the level of 30 MPa and more. The decrease in strength in the initial stages of hardening, after 28 days, was at the level of 50% compared to the comparative sample while the decrease in strength compared to the comparative sample was only 35% after 5 years of hardening.
Process Parameters Studies on Density and Hardness of AlSi7Mg Alloy Developed by DMLS Method
Authors: Bhole Krishnakant , Manjunath L.H. , Thyagaraj N.R. , Ravi Kumar M. , Rose Vergis Bincy
Published: November 2023

Additive manufacturing is one of the emerging domains in the industry. The ability to build complex and accurate metallic prototypes is crucial in the verifying the design of many essential components. Direct metal laser sintering technique is a type of laser powder bed fusion methods that is used to print samples with good accuracy. Typically, Al alloys are used in these techniques, mainly due to their high mass to strength ratio and good corrosion resistance. These alloys are typically used in the automobile and aero-space industry. This research focus on the effects of DMLS technique on the density and hardness of the sample
Corrosion of the Cement Mortars Based on Non-Traditional Waste
Authors: Čambál Hološová Miriama , Eštoková Adriana , Sicakova Alena
Published: November 2023

This work focuses on the issue of corrosion and durability of mortar mixtures in aggressive environment. The intention was to find out and compare the impact of replacements on the durability of cement mortar exposed to an aggressive environment by comparison of various substitutes for cement, which are currently not widely used for this purpose with the commonly used ones.
Disease burden, antimicrobial resistance and molecular characterization of invasive group B Streptococcus among non-pregnant adults in Malaysia: A protocol study
Authors: Muthanna Abdulrahman , Baharin Nurul Hana Zainal , Desa Mohd Nasir Mohd , Dzaraly Nurul Diana , Azmai Mohammad Noor Amal , Amin-Nordin Syafinaz
Published: November 2023

Objective:

To determine the prevalence of group B Streptococcus (GBS) isolated from non-pregnant adults from seven major hospitals in Peninsular Malaysia; the incidence, case-fatality ratio, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, serotype, genotype and distribution of the GBS virulence and pili genes are also investigated.

Methods:

This multicentre, prospective, observational study is conducted in seven major tertiary hospitals in Malaysia among non-pregnant adults. Simultaneously, a retrospective study is conducted in the selected hospitals with similar approaches. GBS isolates are subjected to phenotyping, serotyping by multiplex PCR, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCR-detection of GBS virulence and pilus genes. Seven housekeeping genes are amplified and sequenced for multi-locus sequence typing.

Discussion:

Findings from the study may contribute to the management of clinical practice to diagnose and prevent GBS related diseases in a timely manner. Prudent use of antibiotics is encouraged by monitoring antimicrobial resistance.
Probucol will become a new model for treating cerebral infarction with a high risk of hemorrhage: A narrative review
Authors: Lang Liguo , Zhang Jianying , Zheng Dongju , Gao Huanmin
Published: November 2023

Lipid-lowering agents are relevant in stroke prevention. Probucol (PU) is an antioxidative and lipid-lowering drug that has been used to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and xanthomas. The drug penetrates the core of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) particles, enhancing the activity of plasma cholesterol l ester transfer protein (CETP) and strengthening the liver scavenger receptor type I, resulting in reducing LDL-C; by increasing the activity of paraoxonase 1, upregulating the antioxidant function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and it decreases the serum HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) level. This drug has been retired from the Western markets for lowering HDL-C levels and Q-interval prolongation. The latter side effect has been rarely reported and may be transient. Recent clinical evidence supports the effectiveness of PU in preventing cardiovascular events and in reducing mortality, irrespective of the reduction of HDL-C. Based on basic research and clinical studies, it appears that PU might be a valuable alternative when statins are ineffective or contraindicated, in patients at high risk of recurrence of cerebral ischemia and hemorrhage.
Recurrent ischemic stroke from reversible extracranial internal carotid artery and middle cerebral artery vasospasm: A case report
Authors: He Aini , Dong Kai , Zhao Wenbo , Zhao Benke , Sun Wei , Wu Xiao , Lu Xia , Chen Yanfei , Song Haiqing
Published: November 2023

Idiopathic internal carotid artery (ICA) vasospasm is a rare cause of ischemic stroke. Its pathophysiology remains unclear and diagnostic and treatment protocols are yet to be defined. A 45-year-old male, presenting with recurrent transient dizziness, blurred vision, and speech disturbances, was diagnosed with recurrent ischemic stroke caused by bilateral ICA and middle cerebral artery (MCA) vasospasm, and the vascular ultrasound and imaging techniques have grabbed the reversible changes in a short time. This case underscores the importance of considering idiopathic ICA vasospasm as a potential cause of recurrent ischemic stroke, even in the absence of common diagnostic markers. The case also indicates the possible, albeit rare, involvement of the MCA in this condition. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain a high index of suspicion for idiopathic ICA vasospasm in similar clinical presentations and to explore more inclusive diagnostic criteria.
Localization of cerebral vasculopathy following bacterial meningitis: What can we learn about postinfective ischemic sequelae?
Authors: Kumar Vivig Shantha , Kumar Vignarth Shantha
Published: November 2023

Cerebrovascular complications of bacterial meningitis account for a high incidence of mortality and postinfective neurologic sequelae. Cerebrovascular complications occurring during acute bacterial meningitis are evident from angiographic evidence demonstrating arterial occlusion and vessel wall narrowing, histopathological studies demonstrating vessel wall changes, and radiographic studies demonstrating the presence of brain infarcts. Cerebrovascular disease during bacterial meningitis has been demonstrated in of Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumonia, Group B Streptococcus, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis models of meningitis. Despite models of bacterial meningitis showing variable patterns of cerebral vasculopathy as a contributor to different aspects of postinfectious neurological decline, very few studies describe the predominant localization of cerebral vasculopathy with different meningitis causing pathogens. Thus, this review attempts to analyze the different locations of cerebral vasculopathic changes occuring in response to different microbial pathogens and provide a pathophysiologic basis for such an observation.
Anxiety and Depression among Students of AL-Mustansiriyah University/College of Medicine
Authors: Jamil Najlaa Fawzi , Salih Alaa A. , Abdulrahman Shaymaa Hekmat
Published: November 2023

Background:

Medical students repeatedly experience different stresses which made them more vulnerable to psychological problems that may affect their emotional, psychosocial, physical, and academic performance.

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to determine the rate of anxiety and depression among medical students in Al-Mustansiriyah University. Find out the influence of gender, school year, and some life events on the likelihood of development anxiety and depression.

Subjects and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Al-Mustansiriyah University, College of Medicine from March 1, 2015, to May 10, 2015. The study sample comprises 300 students from all six school years. Self-administered questionnaires were used for data collection. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to assess the presence of anxiety and depression among the students enrolled in the study.

Results:

The study results showed that the overall rates of anxiety and depression with various degrees among students were 77% and 61.6%, respectively. Male students had a higher overall rate of anxiety (80.1%) than female students (74.86%), while female students had a higher overall rate of depression (64.2%) than males (57.85%). The highest score of anxiety was observed among 3-year students (54.4%), as compared to other school years, while a higher score for depression was recorded among the 1st-year students (23.1%). Students who failed in the last academic year were more prone for both depression and anxiety. Those who were displacing from their homes were more likely to be depressed.

Conclusion:

A considerable part of Al-Mustansiriyah College of Medicine students were suffering from psychological disorders (anxiety and depression).
Association of Serum Ferritin and Lipid Profile in Patients with Thyroid Disorder
Authors: Nsaif Aufaira S. H. , Tahir Noor T. H. , Abdulsattar Sura A. , Abdaon Yassamen Samer , Ali Shatha Naji
Published: November 2023

Background:

Thyroid hormones are the important modulator of intermediary metabolism. They affect synthesis, mobilization, and degradation of lipids, although degradation is influenced more than synthesis. Serum ferritin levels also have been reported to be altered in patients with thyroid disease.

Objective:

The present study aims to explore the association of lipid profile with serum ferritin in patients with thyroid disorder.

Patients and Methods:

In this study, 140 individuals were selected from the outpatient department of the National Diabetes Center/AL-Mustansiriyah University. Serum ferritin, free triiodothyronine (FT3), free tetraiodothyronine, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and lipid profile were measured.

Results:

Nonsignificant differences of serum cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and very low-density lipoprotein levels in hypothyroid, and hyperthyroid and euthyroid groups were observed. The serum ferritin levels indicate a significant increase in hypothyroidism in comparison to their levels in both other groups (hyperthyroidism and euthyroid). Meanwhile, a significant increase of serum ferritin was observed in hyperthyroidism in comparison to that level of the euthyroid group. Ferritin level was found to be negatively high correlated with lipid profile in hypothyroidism, TSH was also negatively correlated with ferritin level. In the hyperthyroidism group, ferritin level was high correlated positively with free thyroxine, whereas a highly significant positive correlation of ferritin with FT3 was observed in the euthyroid group.

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that the lipid profile in thyroid disorder patients is various according to ferritin level.
Giant neglected unresectable ulcerated basal cell carcinoma of face: Radiotherapy at rescue
Authors: Kumar Shubham , Patra Suman , Devnani Bharti , Rajagopalan Varun , Kaur Maninder
Published: November 2023

Basal cell carcinomas are typically considered indolent and slowly progressing tumors, but giant basal cell carcinomas are more aggressive with more risk of invasion and poor prognosis. management of such giant BCCs is difficult due to difficulty in surgical approach. we hereby reporting a case of giant ulcerated BCC of face treated with radiotherapy as a rescue treatment.
Policy analysis of cervical cancer prevention in Iran based on the policy triangle model
Authors: Pirani Narges , Jafari Mehdi , Motlagh Ali G. , Pourasghari Hamid
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:

Widespread use of screening in high-income countries has led to a significant reduction in cervical cancer mortality. Most low- and middle-income countries still have poorly organized screening programs. This study aimed at policy analysis of prevention and early detection of cervical cancer in Iran, a middle-income country.

MATERIALS AND METHOD:

This qualitative retrospective study, extended by the health policy triangle model, was conducted from July 2020 to September 2021. A sample of this study consisted of 43 participants, including 16 key policy experts; nine 11 senior health system managers, 13 executives, and 3 clients selected purposefully. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews using the interview guide and analyzed using a framework analysis method based on the policy triangle model in MAXQDA2020.

RESULTS:

Nine themes, 15 subthemes, and 36 codes were extracted based on the 4 dimensions of the model; stakeholder analysis challenges, including conflict of interest and decision-making challenges. Moreover, the most important policy process challenges indicated the weakness of monitoring and evaluation systems and weakness of using scientific principles in policy making. Weakness of organizational and intersectoral structure and weakness of executive management were obtained among the challenges in the context analysis. Finally, the most important challenges related to content analysis are weaknesses in applying scientific principles in policy making, including weaknesses in standard operating procedures, and low use of HTA capacity in developed guidelines.

CONCLUSION:

A wide range of economic, social, and cultural problems can affect cervical cancer prevention policies. Several strategies are suggested to overcome these challenges, including allocating separate funds to cancer prevention programs, using structures to sustain prevention programs, designing, and using them to improve public awareness.
The predictors of the intention to receive Covid-19 vaccine using the health belief model and theory of planned behavior in South Khorasan province
Authors: Khazir Zahra , Kouhpeikar Hamideh , Rahaei Zohreh , Zareipour Moradali , Dashti Saeid , Gholamian Monireh
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:

Widespread vaccination coverage in the shortest time is one of the most effective ways for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. Factors affecting people's intention to get the COVID-19 vaccine are of great importance. The present study aimed to investigate the predictors of the intention to receive the Covid-19 vaccine based on the constructs of the health belief model (HBM) and theory of planned behavior (TPB) in South Khorasan Province.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

In this cross-sectional-analytical study, 320 people over 18 years in South Khorasan province were randomly selected by cluster sampling method in 2021. The data was collected by a researcher-made questionnaire, including demographic information (9 questions), and the constructs of the health belief model (19 questions), and the theory of planned behavior (13 questions), using the self-report method. Finally, data were analyzed usingt-test, ANOVA, linear regression, and Pearson correlation tests.

RESULTS:

The mean age of the study participants was 36.57 ± 11.56 with a range of 18-66 years. In the regression model, perceived susceptibility (β = 0.247,P= 0.003), perceived severity (β = 0.247,P= 0.003) from HBM, attitude (β = 0.247,P= 0.003), and perceived behavioral control (β = 0.247,P= 0.003) from TPB were significant predictors of the intention to get the Covid-19 vaccine. The constructs of the two models were able to explain 33% of the variance of the intention to receive the Covid-19 vaccine.

CONCLUSIONS:

The study findings reveal that HBM and TPB can predict factors affecting an individual's intention to receive the vaccine. The results can be utilized to design interventions with the aim of increasing vaccine uptake.
Assessment of the environmental risk factors associated with traumatic dental injuries among WHO index-aged children and adolescents
Authors: Khan Mohammad Kamran , Jindal Mahendra Kumar
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:

Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are becoming a worldwide phenomenon owing to their variable prevalence, and their etiology is considered multifactorial and complex in interactions among various risk factors. These are preventable if risk factors are analyzed and interpreted in all possible scientific manners. The objective of this study was to assess the various environmental risk factors (places of occurrence of TDI) among World Health Organization (WHO) index-aged children and adolescents (12 and 15 years).

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

This was the epidemiological cross-sectional study conducted in Aligarh City, Uttar Pradesh, India, in the year 2018, with a sample size of 1000. Multistage random sampling technique was employed. Study data were collected by doing dental examination and structured interview with self-prepared pro forma in ten randomly selected sampling sites (schools) from different regions of the city. Subsequently, data were entered in an Excel sheet and then analyzed with the Chi-square test using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software.

RESULTS:

Overall, school (63; 46.7%) was found to be the most prevalent environmental risk factor for TDI followed by home (37; 27.4%), roadside (10; 7.4%), and playground (9; 6.7%). Fifteen (11.1%) affected individuals were not able to recall the place of the TDI incident, while 0.7% (1) had TDI occurrence in other places. Among 12-year index-aged children, home (15; 34.1%) was the most common place of TDI in rural regions, while school (27; 67.5%) was the most frequent place of TDI in urban regions. Among 15-year index-aged adolescents, school (19; 59.4%) was found to be the most common place in rural regions, whereas school (9; 47.4%) was the most frequent place of TDI in urban regions.

CONCLUSION:

Environmental factors, especially school premises, infrastructure, and playing facilities, need to be upgraded and built with an emphasis on a safer environment for children. Teachers, parents, and school children should be educated and made aware of the preventive measures for dental injuries in schools and homes. Appropriate safety gears should be mandatory to use among children and adolescents during outdoor sports and recreational activities.
The relationship between depression and sexual satisfaction: An equation model analysis
Authors: Khakkar Maedeh , Kazemi Ashraf
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:

The relationship between depression and sexual satisfaction in middle-aged women has been reported previously. However, there is insufficient evidence that depression is related to sexual satisfaction or that sexual satisfaction is related to depression. This study evaluated the relationship between depression and sexual satisfaction in middle-aged women by evaluating the equation model analysis of the two models.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 190 middle-aged women in Isfahan, Iran, in 2021. Sexual satisfaction dimensions were evaluated using self-report women's sexual satisfaction questionnaire. Also, the depression scale of the general health questionnaire was used to measure of the depression level. Research data were analyzed using a multivariate linear regression test. Also, the fit of the model was evaluated using Amos software.

RESULTS:

The results showed that depression score had an inverse relationship with sexual satisfaction in the relational concern dimension (Beta = −0.27, P = 0.006, CI: −0.11 to − 0.86). Model fit evaluation showed that the sexual satisfaction-depression model had a better fit than the depression-sexual satisfaction model (CMIN/DF = 1.123, P = 0.64).

CONCLUSION:

The results showed that depression in middle-aged women is related to the relational concern. It is necessary to consider counseling programs to solve sexual relationship concerns in middle-aged women's mental health promotion programs.
Relationship between spiritual intelligence and intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety and fear of Corona in the elderly
Authors: Maghool Ahmad , Bakhshi Mahmoud , Rastaghi Sedigheh , Rad Mostafa
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTION:

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused physical and psychological health problems in the elderly. Spiritual intelligence has an effect on health and healing. The aim of this study determining the relationship between spiritual intelligence and intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety, and fear of corona in the elderly.

METHODOLOGY:

A cross-sectional study was done on 207 elderly people who referred to comprehensive health service centers in Mashhad in 2022. The samples were selected based on the inclusion criteria using multistage and cluster sampling. To collect data, various questionnaires were used, including demographic characteristics (age, gender, marital status …), King's Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire, Freestone's Intolerance of Uncertainty Questionnaire, Corona Anxiety Scale, and Coronavirus Fear Scale. Statistical analysis of variables was done using descriptive and analytical (independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, analysis of variance, linear regression) tests by means of STATA version 14.

RESULTS:

The average level of spiritual intelligence was 54.1. Participants reported a high level of intolerance of uncertainty (M = 79.2) and fear of corona (M = 14.09). Education, economic status, and marital status were the predictors of spiritual intelligence of the studied subjects (r = 0.24, P < .05). Spiritual intelligence and gender were also related to uncertainty intolerance (r = 0.12, P < .05). Another finding of the study was the superiority of variables of spiritual intelligence and gender in predicting the level of anxiety of corona compared to other variables (r = 0.17, P < .05).

CONCLUSION:

There was a relationship between spiritual intelligence, education, and gender with the level of fear and anxiety of corona. Therefore, planning and implementing educational projects based on increasing spiritual intelligence for the elderly with priority for elderly women and with a low level of literacy and income is recommended.
Effectiveness of SMART heart package on knowledge and practice regarding prevention of coronary artery disease among high-risk adults in selected urban community at Bangalore
Authors: Chaudhary Manisha , Balu Venkatesan , Sapkota Pratima , Kamei Sonia , Devi Yumnam Sushma
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:

Coronary artery disease is the most common cause of cardiovascular disease. Smoking is one of the triggering factors for CAD, which increases mortality and morbidity rates. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the SMART heart package on high-risk adults' knowledge and practice of coronary artery disease prevention.

MATERIAL AND METHOD:

A quasi-experimental research study was conducted in India from March 25 to April 23, 2022, through a house-to-house survey. This survey was conducted among 200 adults out of 159 high-risk adults who were identified by a screening tool, using a systematic random sampling technique to select 60 subjects for the study. A SMART heart package intervention was administered for selected high-risk adults. The pre-test and the post-test were conducted using self-administered structured questionnaires for knowledge and a non-observation checklist for practice. The data had been analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0.

RESULTS:

The findings show that at the baseline level of knowledge and practice, the majority of the subjects had inadequate knowledge 43 (71.7%) and 51 (85.0%) had poor practice, whereas after administration of the SMART heart package, 29 (48.3%) of subjects had moderately adequate knowledge and 29 (48.3%) had average practice. At baseline, the mean score was 41.5%, which increased to 79.1% on knowledge and 37.2% to 72.5% on practice after the implementation of the intervention, which was statistically significant (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:

Hence, the SMART heart package was effective in increasing the level of knowledge and practice of CAD prevention among high-risk adults.
Innovative AETCOM session on health care as a right: Experience at the medical college in Puducherry
Authors: Sahanaa Chandar , Niranjan Rajasekar , Pradeep Kumar , Gopinath Samundeswari , Dhanasekar Elanchezhian , Vendhan Sengadhir , Maniradjou Vasanthakogilam , Konduru Rajesh Kumar , Phalsalkar Manjiri
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:

Attitude, Ethics, and Communication (AETCOM) module 2.3 is effective in improving the communication skills of medical students, which in turn will prevent malpractices and litigations against doctors. Module 2.3, ‘Health Care as a Right,’ was aimed at introducing healthcare systems, access, equity in access, the impact of socio-economic situation in determining healthcare access, the role of doctors as key players, and the missing links in the health care systems to students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A teaching and learning activity was developed for MBBS professional year 2 on AETCOM 2.3. The activities planned were an introduction to the topic, a short documentary film using AV aids, role play by the team, group discussion followed by role play by the students, reflective writing, and finally summarizing the session with a take-home message.

RESULTS:

The number of responses received in reflective writing was 114. The thematic analysis of qualitative responses was grouped into categories The facilitating factors were the availability of trained doctors and round-the-clock services, and the hindering factors were disrespect to patients, professional misconduct, long waiting time, etc. The suggestions to improve communication between the doctor and the patient were to listen politely and develop good rapport. The qualities of a good doctor were good communication skills, empathy, professional conduct, etc.

CONCLUSION:

This AETCOM session helped the students understand the healthcare delivery system in the country. It changed their attitude toward patients and improved their communication skills as they were soon-to-become doctors.
A study on measure of resilience and impact of demanding clinical training on young medical professional's burnout in a tertiary care hospital, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Thomas K Roma , Reddy B Venkatashiva
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:

The psychological state of medical students gaining concern on the part of medical institutions in several countries. Numerous studies are being conducted to study stress, burnout, and depression in medical students in India and globally. However, little is known about medical student resilience, particularly in India. The objectives of this study were to study the resilience, self-perceptions of stress coping skills, and burnout among medical students in clinical training in a tertiary care health center, to study factors associated with resilience among medical students in clinical training in a tertiary care health center and to study the relationship between resilience and self-perceptions of stress coping skills and symptoms of burnout.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary healthcare hospital in district Guntur, Andhra Pradesh from November 2020 to December 2020, among 186 adult male and female medical students, aged more than 20 years, enrolled in the regular degree course and part of patient care or at least last three months. Participants were randomly selected and a structured questionnaire with Connor Davidson Resilience Scale 10 was used for interviewing. Descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted to measure associations between outcome and explanatory variables. We used multiple linear regression to examine the association between dependent and independent variables. A P value less than. 05 was considered significant.

RESULTS:

In the present study, 109 (58.0%) were females. The mean age of the study participants was 25.4 years (standard deviation 2.78). The mean score resilience score of the study participants using Connor Davidson Resilience Scale 10 was 25.1 (standard deviation 7.97). Of the total 44 (23.7%) of the study, participants reported the presence of burnout. A significant positive correlation was between resilience and self-perceptions of stress-coping skills with a Pearson Correlation coefficient of 0.393. Among the study participants, the mean resilience score was higher among those not having any symptoms of burnout. In the hierarchical stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, male gender (P value = .014), financial independence (P value = .044), and absence of burnout symptoms (P value = .004) were significantly associated with higher resilience scores. Psychiatric medicine usage was significantly associated with a lower resilience score with P < .05.

CONCLUSION:

Our study samples had higher resilience and lower burnout prevalence compared to the West. The stressful clinical event experienced by medical students demands training and innovative strategies to foster communication and teamwork skills among medical teams.
Role of robotics and artificial intelligence in oral health education. Knowledge, perception and attitude of dentists in India
Authors: Baby Deepak , John Lauabel , Pia Joseph Changankary , Sreedevi PV , Pattnaik Samarjeet J. , Varkey Anish , Gupta Shivam
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:

Artificial intelligence or AI may be identified as the use of Personal Computers and/or machines in performing certain specific types of tasks that usually have the requirement of humanized knowledge. These specific tasks include acknowledgment of the problem, understanding disease dynamics, and determining the clinical diagnosis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This cross-sectional and prospective study was conducted on Dental professionals who were practicing all across India after obtaining approval from the Institutional Ethical Board. A previously validated as well as pre-analyzed questionnaire form was distributed using electronic mail and through the use of social media with a briefly explained description of the study purpose and an informed consent form. The study questionnaire comprised “close-ended” queries that were then divided into foursections. All the study participants were then instructed to select any one option among all the provided answers. The entire study was completed within one month. Collected observations were entered within a Microsoft Excel 2007® master chart. Statistical analytical software tool SPSS version 20.0, IBM Corporation was employed. “Chi-square” test was performed for evaluating statistical association. A P value lesser than 0.05 was fixed with statistical significance.

RESULTS:

On analyzing the level of knowledge, 82.5% of subjects had knowledge of artificial intelligence while 11.4% had no knowledge and 6.1% had some knowledge of this tool. 69.1% were knowledgeable regarding the use of AI in lesional diagnosis, 12.8% had no knowledge regarding artificial intelligence for the diagnosis and 18.1% had no knowledge regarding AI in the diagnosis. 71% had knowledge concerning the use of AI for Imaging. Knowledge of AI in Oral Hygiene was seen in 54.3%. 91.2% of participants had knowledge of robotics use in Oral Surgery. 77% of dentists had knowledge regarding the use of AI for the enhancement of clinical practice. 95.5% had a higher ‘positive’ attitude toward the use of AI in academics. 69.1% of dentists had a positive attitude regarding AI incorporation in practice. 5% of dentists considered artificial intelligence better than human intelligence for diagnosis. 10% believed that disparities can exist between AI-based and human diagnosis.

CONCLUSION:

Positive correlations were noted between knowledge, attitude, and practice of AI among studied dentists.
The hazards of excessive screen time: Impacts on physical health, mental health, and overall well-being
Authors: Devi Khumukcham A. , Singh Sudhakar K.
Published: November 2023

Excessive screen time is a growing concern in modern society, with the proliferation of digital devices contributing to increased sedentary behavior and potential hazards to physical health, mental health, and overall well-being. This article explores the potential health and mood deterioration caused by excess screen time. In particular, the article examines how excessive screen time can affect physical health, mental health, and overall well-being. The physical hazards of excess screen time include eye strain, neck and shoulder pain, and back pain. Mental health hazards include increased levels of depression, anxiety, and other mood disorders. Overall well-being can also be impacted by excessive screen time, particularly when it comes to social relationships and cognitive development. The article concludes by recommending the limitation of screen time, particularly for young people, and the incorporation of physical activity and face-to-face interaction into daily routines.
Assessment of sympathovagal balance by HRV analysis in alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients
Authors: Uchil Divyashree N. , Moosabba M. S , Kalpana B , Grrishma B
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:

Heart rate variability (HRV) is the variation in the time intervals between continuous heartbeats also called interbeat intervals to give information related to the heart, blood pressure, gaseous exchange, and sympathetic and parasympathetic balance. Abnormalities in the conduction of the cardiac system alter the measurements of heart rate variability and lead to alteration in autonomic function with a higher risk of mortality. So, our objective includes the assessment of sympathovagal balance in AFLD and NAFLD patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The study included 78 alcoholic and 54 nonalcoholic fatty liver patients. A room temperature of 23°C with 25–35% humidity will be maintained in a recording room. Basal supine heart rate and BP will be recorded by the oscillometric method using an automated blood pressure monitor Omron MX3, India. Lead II ECG will be recorded for the next 5 minutes in total resting condition for short-term HRV analysis. Short-term HRV indices including time domain and frequency domain were recorded from each patient. Under time domain, SDNN, RMSSD, and average RR were noted. Under frequency domain, LF, HF, VLF, LF (nu), HF (nu), and LF/HF were calculated. The data were collected by using a 16-bit, power lab 8/30 data acquisition system (New South Wales, Australia) with acknowledge 3.8.2 software. Inferential analyses such as independent t-tests and Mann–Whitney tests were used to compare NAFLD and AFLD patient groups. Carl Pearson correlation analysis was performed to obtain a relationship between variables.

RESULTS:

SDNN in (ms) which represents the overall HRV found to be decreased in both alcoholic (32.84 ± 79.08) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (22.04 ± 13.85) compared to the normal range (50 ± 16)) from 27 studies. The value of RMSSD in (ms) was decreased in both alcoholic (17.00 ± 12.48) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients (14.00 ± 9.44) with the normal range of (42 ± 15) from 15 studies. Pearson correlation analysis showed the age of AFLD patients significantly and positively correlated with average RR. Pearson correlation analysis for the age of NAFLD patients was significantly and positively correlated with the average RR, HF, SDNN, RMSSD, and LF.

CONCLUSION:

Altered autonomic activity was noted in both alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients. An early prognosis of fatty liver is very necessary to prevent the disease progress into later fatal life-threatening stages.
Restructuring an internal medicine rotation to take on a fully virtual experience in a resource-limited setting: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Elepaño Anton , Villafuerte Andrew Rufino , Besa John Jefferson , Arenos Carl Lawrence , Castillo Ron Michael , Palileo-Villanueva Lia
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, medical schools in the Philippines accelerated the adoption of virtual learning. Course developers were challenged to provide equal opportunities for clinical exposure given the differential access of students to technology. This study describes the modifications in the course design of an internal medicine rotation for third-year medical students and the perceptions of the faculty and students toward these changes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Course evaluations by students and faculty were reviewed. Using a concurrent mixed-methods approach, we analyzed the quantitative and qualitative responses and triangulated the results of the faculty and student surveys.

RESULTS:

Shifting to a virtual learning platform decreased the number of student–patient interactions. Observing a telemedicine consultation done by faculty substituted for real patient encounters. In consideration of students with limited Internet access, synchronous activities were made nongraded. The survey response rate was 51% (93/181) for students and 34% (32/94) for faculty. Survey participants indicated high overall satisfaction toward the virtual course with a general agreement between students and faculty respondents in most domains. Recurrent themes were the demand for more patient encounters, more synchronous activities, and better evaluation tools. Only the faculty were critical of technical issues, such as audibility and Internet connectivity.

CONCLUSION:

The experiences of a single institution in redesigning and implementing an undergraduate medical course in internal medicine for a fully virtual platform were described. Strategies for augmenting patient exposure and tailored clinical assessment tools are needed to improve stakeholder satisfaction. In resource-limited settings, access to appropriate technology must be considered to ensure equitable learning.