bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
W okowach „demokratycznego centralizmu” – przypadek Stronnictwa Demokratycznego w PRL
Authors: Tyszkiewicz Adrian
Published: September 2014

In the grip of “democratic centralism” – the case of The Democratic Party in The People Republic of Poland

So – called “democratic centralism”, originally created by W. Lenin, was the main principle used by the communist party (PPR/PZPR) in Poland after the World War II to control the society and its organizations. One of them was a Democratic Party established in the 1939 by the politicians and activists rooted in the left – oriented independence movement, of whom Marshall Józef Piłsudski said to has been the icon and the undisputed leader. After the war the Democratic Party was enslaved by the communists and became the part of the rule system. It was said to be the representative of the systematically vanishing middle class (craftsmen, merchants, intelligence), due to the thesis of Stalin concerning the raging class struggle. Until the fall of the totalitarian system in 1989 the Democratic Party officially supported the communists who overwhelmed every aspect of political reality. That is why the phenomenon of political realism was not involved in its policy despite of being the part of the official propaganda. Nevertheless, in the party structures dwelled the resistance that headed for the independence, of whom Karol Głogowski or Przemysław Górny were the leaders. The Democratic Party conversed in 1989 and supported the first democratic government of Tadeusz Mazowiecki.
Realizm polityczny „Tygodnika Powszechnego” (1945-1989)
Authors: Graczyk Roman
Published: September 2014

The political realism of ,,Tygodnik Powszechny” (1945-1989)

In the history of „Tygodnik Powszechny” under the administration of the communist government, I distinguish four periods – each one characterized by a different attitude of its environment to communism. The first one (1945‑1948) was dominated by the aim to create an ideological alternative towards the new power; the second one (1949‑1953) in which the goal of survival, in the face of communism’s inevitable victory, prevailed; the third one (1956/7-1976), characterized by willingness to cohabitate and limited collaboration; and the fourth one (1977‑1989), which saw the exit from People’s Republic of Poland communist system. Glancing on this history through the prism of political realism, one can establish, that „Tygodnik” disregarded its guidelines in the first period (1945‑1948), tried to fulfill them – in a very original way nonetheless – in the second period (1949‑1953), and finally became its eulogist, having created its own doctrine of catholic political realism in the actuality of a communist state, in the third one (1956/7‑1976). The fourth period (1977‑1989), however, is difficult to classify in this aspect.
Realizm z fałszywej analogii historycznej wywiedziony
Authors: Kimla Piotr
Published: September 2014

Realism based on the false historical analogy. A case of Ksawery Pruszyński

The article focuses on Ksawery Pruszyński’s political way of thinking which squares with political realism in many points. He aimed at developing Poles’ awareness of the fact that Stalin would be the winner of the war in Central and Eastern Europe. Therefore the future status of Poland depended on Stalin’s will. Nethertheless Pruszyński seems to make a serious mistake taking Soviet Russia as an atheistic, Marxist version of Tsarist Russia. Yet as things stand the Soviet Union was a phenomenon of a new kind. Ideocracy is presumably the best qualification of this new regime.
Realizm polityczny i ekonomiczny Mirosława Dzielskiego
Authors: Kuniński Miłowit
Published: September 2014

Political and economic realism of Mirosław Dzielski

Mirosław Dzielski (1941‑1989), a Polish philosopher and a political activist, in his academic life at the Jagiellonian University (Krakow) he focused on analyses of metaphysical subtleties of Newton’s and Leibniz’s conceptions of space and time but his main interest were the major problems of ethics and political philosophy combined with economics. Influenced by L. von Mises, F. A. von Hayek and M. Friedman and the idea of the undesigned results of human activities, he identified the main problem of his native country Poland and the whole region under a totalitarian control of the USSR in the 1970s and 1980s, as a search for forces, which would stop its civilizational collapse and begin its rebirth. His idea was to destroy the oppressive system in an evolutionary way through the invigoration of natural propensities to improve one’s situation. Members of the Communist nomenklatura were no exception, and their involvement in economic activities backed by the free market legal framework were to open opportunities to all members of society (individual liberty) and to lead to the economic and civilizational progress followed by a political liberal constitution.
Media i polityka we Włoszech
Authors: Miżejewski Maciej
Published: September 2014

Nature of the media and the expectations of politicians in Italy The author analyzes political consequences of the transformation of the Italian media system, which is the result of the political crisis of the ‘90 – and the fall of the First Republic. He presents shape of the contemporary Italian media policy and its specificity in terms of conflict of interest, unprecedented in Europe. A conflict of interest was the result of the fact that the exercise of public functions, coming from a political choice, had been charged directly to the economic group, the head of which became of the former Prime Minister of the Italian government. Moreover, this conflict was intensified by the legislative initiatives of Italian government aimed to weaken the position of Silvio Berlusconi’s media empire market competitors.
Problematyka wolności słowa w kontekście uregulowań prawnych dotyczących cenzury w latach 1944-1981 w Polsce
Authors: Bagieńska‑Masiota Aleksandra
Published: September 2014

Issues arising from Freedom of Expression in the context of censorship regulation in the years 1944‑ 1981 in Poland The author’s focus in this article is an analysis of institutional censorship arising from legally binding decrees such as 1944 and 1946 with their amendments. The article consists of two main sections: The first section outlines the bases of the topic and its genesis, The second section describes the development of censorship during the Communist period. The analysis comes to the following conclusions: Institutional‑wide censorship consists in the perception of the system where both people and institutions formally and informally cooperate thus in effect removing the authorities from the legal system. In essence the authorities restrict freedom of speech thus making the manner and scope of the act contrary to the Rule of Law. Since the establishment of Communism, the government announced various acts of censorship in the mass media. However these acts were at best, vague. The Legislature has delegated authority in the form of collective or single institutions and is governed by acts of non‑enforceable rules of law such as statutes.
Prawnokarne ograniczenie wolności wypowiedzi w Polsce (wybrane aspekty)
Authors: Czarny‑Drożdżejko Elżbieta
Published: September 2014

Penal limitation on freedom of expression in Poland (selected aspects)

The article titled “The Criminal Law restrictions on freedom of expression in Poland” concerns the issue of selected criminal offences to the press. Many legal rights must be protected by the norms and mores. Thus, journalists, and editors‑in‑chief must be aware of the possible criminal liability for violations. These regulations limit the freedom of expression, which, however, is not absolute. I think that the penalization of the abuse of freedom of expression is essential in today’s society. However, it is the anachronism to predict, in some cases (e.g. defamation, insults), in relation to the press, the possibility of applying the imprisonment penalty. Therefore, I believe, that it is necessary to liberalize the Polish criminal law.
Konserwatyzm bez metafizyki
Authors: Rysiewicz Mikołaj
Published: September 2014

Conservatism without metaphysics. The case of Konstanty Grzybowski’s interwar thought

The aim of this article is the reconstruction and analysis of the political ideas that may be conceived as the components of Konstanty Grzybowski’s (Polish conservative thinker of the interwar period) conservative attitude. Grzybowski’s case is one of the most interesting among other conservatives in this period due to at least three reasons: his reluctant attitude towards Catholic Church, his acceptation for democracy (very rare among most of the Polish conservatives) and also his controversial decisions on his political affiliations in the interwar (but also postwar) period in Poland. The authors claim is that Grzybowski’s “peculiarity” results from the ideas that shaped his conservative attitude: the acceptation of political evolution, political realism and republicanism. This combination may be understood only by taking into closer consideration his philosophical background, especially the resignation of any metaphysical foundations of the political power that may follow from religious beliefs.
Wybrane problemy międzynarodowej integracji gospodarczej na obszarze postradzieckim w latach 1991-2010
Authors: Gafarowski Dymitr
Published: September 2014

Selected issues of international economic integration in the post‑Soviet space in the period of 1991‑2010. A Russian perspective

The article focuses on the evolution, dynamics and structure of international economic integration in the post‑ Soviet space in the period of 1991-2010. The main objective of the article is to review synthetically the most crucial issues of integration processes from political and economic perspectives in the region under question. In the reality of globalization, the post‑ Soviet countries are forced to make attempts in order to get into the stream of its processes by means of creating economic integration unions which are able to react effectively to the changes. However, the political implication behind economic integration processes as well as the search for the identity of new independent states made them very different from each other, which is reflected in the employment of various models of national economies, political systems and the pace of development. Therefore the leading integration projects appeared to be generally ineffective. A look into the rich Russian literature concerning the topic allowed to reflect the Russian perspective on the processes which are taking place.
Powszechne spisy ludności na przykładzie wybranych państw
Authors: Krywult-Albańska Małgorzata
Published: September 2014

Population Censuses in Selected Countries. Comparative Methodological Aspects The article focuses on methods employed in censuses in order to obtain data on population, as well as on changes being introduced currently to these methods. Basic characteristics of censuses are discussed and the main uses of census data. The article presents an overview of new methods which have emerged as an alternative to censuses using methods traditionally employed, including the use of new hardware and software technologies, sampling and administrative registers. Particular attention is paid to countries with the most advanced census methodology. Changes introduced in the National Census of Population and Housing 2011 in Poland are also discussed.
Ruch turystyczny w Peru w latach 1989-2006
Authors: Gruszczyński Mikołaj
Published: September 2014

Tourism in Peru between 1989-2006

Tourism in Peru has been thriving for over 20 years. Tourism as the mechanism of the interdependence along with numerous cooperating institutions, new archaeological discoveries and researches uses prosperity of regions being based among others on a legacy of Incas. I will concentrate on statistical data concerning firstly on the arrival of tourists to Peru in 90ies and secondly on the arrival of tourists to Peru and neighbouring countries of Ecuador and Bolivia, thirdly the increase of tourist accommodation towards the development of tourists movements in years 1993-2003 . I will specify the objects in Peru marked out on the UNESCO list. I will wonder what role in tourism the autochthonous resident is playing, his relations with the cultural legacy of Incas and possibilities of participating in the life of tourism. Tourist movements before 2000 and precipitated development of tourism after 2000, its causes and the infrastructure which rose along with it.
Świadomość grzechu i poczucie świętości jako dwa bieguny tożsamości prawosławnych Rosjan
Authors: Kudroń Jakub
Published: September 2014

Consciousness of sinfulness and a sense of holiness as two opposite aspects of Russian orthodox Christian identity

We are convinced that it is impossible to indicate and to describe one leading and homogeneous type of identity, which would be common for majority of Russian Federation citizens in the beginning of XXI century. Since the reign of tzsar Peter I, Russian nation and society have been strongly divided into fractions of the followers of western European culture influences, and their conservative opponents, radically devoted to the local traditions. After the Bolshevik revolution and the soviet period situation turned even more complicated, as the attitude towards communism became another factor of national split. In this article we decided to concentrate on the specific type of old‑ Russian, orthodox identity, often named as holly Russia identity – most typical for early Russian state and strongly suppressed by so‑ called modern political movements as well as by communists. We are indicating three foundations of holly Russia identity, which are: language, national and religious community and the Christian orthodox state. All these factors are deeply rooted into religious ground, making holly Russia people orthodox believers, creating relatively harmonious civilization of spiritual, material, legal and political culture built on the same religious basis. This order has been violently destroyed by the Bolshevik revolution and the soviet state. When the Soviet Union collapsed holly Russia tradition was legalized back. Since the election of Vladimir Putin it has been also included into official Russian political order. Unfortunately it is very likely, that Vladimir Putin, former KGB officer is only using traditional symbols as the PR and political weapon.
Tożsamość miejsca
Authors: Banaszkiewicz Magdalena
Published: September 2014

The identity of the place. The case of Sankt Petersburg

The paper is focusing on the relationship between space and identity. According to the term genius loci, which may be understood as location’s distinctive atmosphere or a “spirit of place”, it is possible to explore some visible and invisible features of the place which play substantial role in social life of the local community. The case study of Saint Peterburg illustrates how the context of place, where people live, can have a significant influence on how they define themselves. The article raises the subject of cultural interpretation of space and compares the past and the present identity of St. Peterburg inhabitants. It focuses on myths, images and crucial events from the history, which constitute memory, value-system and social practices of modern citizens.
Radziecka wspólnota dziecięca – odsłona powojenna
Authors: Anna Kadykało
Published: September 2014

Советское детское сообщество – послевоенная картина (на основании воспоминаний Алексея Козлова Козел на саксе)

Аналитическим материалом в данной статье являются воспоминания популярного советского и русского саксофониста Алексея Козлова Козел на саксе. На их основе можно рассматривать процесс формирования тождественности, сочетающий различные средовые влияния. В статье указаны факторы, влияющие на сознание поколения, детство которого пришлось на военные и послевоенные годы. Пространством, в котором дети проводили свою внешкольную жизнь, был двор, составляющий пример коллективного участия в культуре повседневности. Дворовая жизнь отличалась множеством игр – спортивных, азартных, дифференцированных по степени опасности. Особенное место среди факторов, влияющих на сознание дорастающего поколения, занимала широко распространенная культура преступного мира. Типичное для послевоенного детства общественное участие во внешкольной жизни прекращалось в период адолесценции, когда все большее значение отводилось индивидуализму и собственным увлечениям, которые считались путем для проявления исключительности личности. Стремление к индивидуализму, составляющее неотъемлемую черту периода взросления, в советских условиях усиливалось благодаря появлению альтернативной культуры (стиляги), являющейся интересным отличием от серой, обыденной советской действительности.
Czterdzieści dni Kengiru w Archipelagu GUŁag Aleksandra Sołżenicyna
Authors: Szybalski Kamil
Published: September 2014

40th days of Kengir in Archipelago GUL ag. About of identity of rebellious prisoner

The present article describe a hard life peoples, who lived in a labour camp in USSR (Kengir). They must work almost all day in high temperature (camp was in Asia), they often were thirsty and hungry. In 1954, as a results of cases baseless, solder’s attacks on “political” prisoners, part of them started a mutiny. Interested, that in this spontaneously action, to participated a group of criminal prison’s too (400-th persons), although they don’t like a zheks. Unfortunately, detachment of soviet army to stamp a revolt.
Idea kolektywu i kolektywizacji w kulturze radzieckiej a życie codzienne w rolniczych spółdzielniach produkcyjnych (kołchozach) w latach 1932-1976
Authors: Śliwińska Kamila
Published: September 2014

Идея колектива и колективизации в советской культуре а повседневна жизнь в колективно‑ продоволственных хозяйствах (колхозах) в 1932 1976 гг

Статья представляет постепенное вырождение – в советских условиях – идеи колективного управления землей. Эта идея, имеющая длинную и богатую традицию, поднималась в частности Александром Герценом и Николаем Чернишевским, была искажена большевитской властью, которая в 1927‑ 1930 гг. решилась ввести массовую колективизацию сельского хозяйства с целью обеспечения поставок продоволствия для городов включеных в план индустриализации. Создание коллективных хозяйств – совхозов и колхозов – пройсходило принудительным образом, при использовании насилия, особенно в отношении богатых хозяев, так называемых кулаков. Его еффектами были также волны голода которые охватывали фермерские територии Советского Союза (прежде всего Украину) в тридцатые годы, а также массовые переселения и многолетние тюремные сроки не только для кулаков, но также для более бедных представителей крестяньства. После коллективизации крестяние были прикреплены к земле, или больше к колхозу, в котором работали за очень низкую заработную плату. Эта ситуация изменилась только после 1976 г., когда колхозники получили удостоверения личности, благодаря которым смогли переезжать в города. Коллективизация уничтожила тип крестяниа – хозяина заботящегося про свою землю и поголовье, последствия чего видны по сих пор.
Samoidentyfikacja Żydów radzieckich w interpretacji artystycznej Fridricha Gorensztejna. Berdyczów
Authors: Kowalska-Paszt Izabela
Published: September 2014

Samoidentyfikacja Żydów radzieckich w interpretacji artystycznej Fridricha Gorensztejna. Berdyczów. Dramat w trzech aktach, ośmiu obrazach i 92 skandalach

Tekst źródłowy napisał „przemilczany” w radzieckiej kulturze oficjalnej prozaik i dramaturg – Fridrich Gorensztejn – w połowie lat 70. XX w., na krótko przed emigracją do Berlina Zachodniego. Projekt artystyczny, jakim jest cały jego dorobek literacki, zdominowała optyka peryferyjna, punkt oglądu z pozycji outsidera – rosyjskiego Żyda. Centrum interpretowanego dramatu stanowi obraz radziecko‑ żydowskiego prowincjonalnego miasteczka, za którym w warstwie metaforycznej kryje się problematyka miejsca diaspory żydowskiej w historii polskiej, rosyjskiej i radzieckiej, problematyka samoidentyfikacji Żydów radzieckich. W artykule przeanalizowano i zinterpretowano dwie najważniejsze, konstytutywne, zdaniem autorki, składowe samoidentyfikacji głównych postaci dramatu – sióstr Łuckich, ich brata Sumera i siostrzeńca Wili – sztetł, żydowskie miasteczko, którego byt codzienny i historia ich ukształtowały, oraz język Żydów askenazyjskich – jidysz – stanowiący ich naturalne środowisko, poprzez który postrzegają siebie i otaczający świat.
Postzależnościowe ujęcie tożsamości zbiorowej Rosjan w filmie Ładunek 200 Aleksieja Bałabanowa
Authors: Gorlewska Paulina
Published: September 2014

Post-dependent Russian identity in Aleksey Balabanov’s Cargo 200

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how Alexei Balabanov constructs the image of contemporary Russian collective identity around the idea of the post-dependence on the traumatic Soviet experience in Cargo 200. The director shows in his movie a post-Soviet society that is paralyzed by traumatic past. The main context of the analysis is “postmemory”, a category introduced by Marianne Hirsch. The idea of postmemory is based on the belief that trauma can be worked-through by the reconstruction of the past events. On the other hand, it underlines the dangerous impact of repressed traumatic memories on the collective identity of the group. Another theoretical and methodological framework is Aleida and Jan Assmann’s concept of communicative and cultural memory, since the director based his film on the cultural traditions and texts widely known in Russian culture (primarily the works of Fyodor Dostoyevsky). Balabanov, by the usage of historical costume, tried to force the Russian audience to work through the trauma of the past.
Ponowoczesny wymiar subkultur młodzieżowych w Rosji
Authors: Kowalska Martyna
Published: September 2014

A postmodern dimension of youth subcultures in Russia

This paper aims to present contemporary characteristics of youth subcultures which result from the concept of postmodern era. With this end in view, in the introduction some selected research positions have been analysed for which the reference point is the theory of postmodernism and contemporary changes within the culture. In the first place, the characteristics of postmodern period have been put forward which help to describe macrosocial and microsocial structures such as fragmentation, a loss in continuity in terms of time and space, a negation of tradition and authority, the information chaos, a multitude of behaviour patterns as well as moral systems. The systematization of selective distinctive features of postmodernity made it possible to analyse changes within the contemporary cultural movements of the youth in the further part of this paper. To some very crucial characteristics of postsubculture belong: the precedence of personal identity of man over the collective one, political indifference, the heterogeneity of style, and the lack of being authentic and original. The essential part of this study is to depict the Russian cultural specificity in relation to contemporary movements of the young having a cultural nature. The main presupposition is to treat the Russian subcultures as borrowed patterns the West through the process of “culture staging”, for which the influence of the media and globalization is of great importance. On the other hand, changes in the contemporary environment of the young in Russia have been shown in such a way as to take into consideration the fact of dissimilarity arising from the eastern cultural impact and the domination of a monolithic culture in the period of the Soviet Union. Furthermore, the fact of the existence of the Russian “crisis awareness” in relation to social and political changes in the period of political system transformation has great weight.
Self, Community and State
Authors: Brążkiewicz Bartłomiej
Published: September 2014

Jednostka, wspólnota i państwo. Przypadek Larisy Arap

Po upadku Związku Radzieckiego władze Rosji podejmowały liczne starania oto, by opinia publiczna uwierzyła, że problem nadużyć w psychiatrii orazwykorzystania jej do celów politycznych został rozwiązany. Według raportów i danych z ostatnich 10 lat znane z okresu radzieckiego nadużycia w tej dziedzinie wciąż mają miejsce. Nadal wskazać można konkretne przypadki bezprawnego kierowania pacjentów na przymusowe leczenie, wydawania błędnychekspertyz psychiatrycznych (czy to krzywdzących pacjenta, czy próbujących usprawiedliwić jego postępowanie). Tego typu obserwacje skłaniają do podjęciarefleksji na temat wzajemnych relacji między jednostką a państwem, a takżerolą wspólnoty w procesie kształtowania społeczno‑ politycznego ładu orazwzajemnych relacji międzyludzkich w państwie, jak również zastanowienia się nad kondycją samej psychiatrii we współczesnej Rosji. Odnieść bowiemmożna wrażenia, że mimo wielu zmian, jakie dokonały się w przestrzeni kulturyrosyjskiej w ciągu ostatnich dwóch dekad, celem jej wciąż jest raczej ochrona interesów państwa niż zapewnianie opieki chorym. Tak postawioną tezę ilustruje przypadek Larisy Arap.
Wstęp
Authors: Gądecki Jacek , Kubicki Paweł
Published: September 2014

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Przestrzeń pracy pracowników warszawskich korporacji – perspektywa i kreacja przestrzeni przez dostawców wyposażenia i usług dla biur
Authors: Tasarek‑Skrok Katarzyna
Published: September 2014

Workspace in Warsaw’s corporations – perception and creation of space delivered by suppliers of equipment and services for offices

In my dissertation research I work on Workspace in Warsaw’s corporations. In this article I present a part of the creation of the space formed by the suppliers of equipment and services for offices. Despite my experience of cooperation with people creating office spaces, I have never focused on this phenomenon in terms of sociological issues. Ones again being a member of the Fair “Office Days”, I decided to look more closely at the proposed solutions and trends, which follow suppliers. More than once, I was surprised by the exhibitors, who proposed an unreal vision of the ideal world, free from flaws not only regarding objects but also people. I realized that the “ideal office needs perfect employee” where employee should not embarrass colleagues who belong to this space. This vision reminded me of hyperspace proposed by J. Baudrillard, where hyperreal has become more important than the true or actual reality as a result of the replacement of signs of reality.
Planning for Motherhood: Fertility Attitudes, Desires And Intentions Among Women with Disabilities
Authors: Shandra Carrie L. , Hogan Dennis P. , Short Susan E.
Published: September 2014

CONTEXT

An estimated 10% of U.S. women of reproductive age report a current disability; however, the relationship between disability, motherhood attitudes and fertility intentions among these women is largely unknown.

METHODS

Data from the 2006–2010 National Survey of Family Growth were used to examine attitudes toward motherhood and fertility intentions among 10,782 U.S. women aged 15–44. A series of regression models assessed, separately for mothers and childless women, associations between disability status and women's attitudes and intentions.

RESULTS

Women with and without disabilities held similar attitudes toward motherhood. Among women without children, women with and without disabilities were equally likely to want a child and equally likely to intend to have one. However, childless women with disabilities who wanted and intended to have a child were more likely to report uncertainty about those intentions than were childless women without disabilities (odds ratio, 1.7). Mothers with disabilities were more likely to want another child (1.5), but less likely to intend to have a child (0.5), than were mothers without disabilities.

CONCLUSIONS

Deepening understanding of the reproductive health desires, needs and challenges of women with disabilities is essential if the highest quality reproductive health services are to be provided for all.
Reconceptualizing hard rock and metal fans as a group: Imaginary community
Authors: Hill Rosemary Lucy
Published: September 2014

This article sets out the case for a new framework within which to study hard rock and metal fans as a group. I argue that dominant frameworks in metal studies – subcultural theory and the concept of scene – are inadequate for understanding the experiences of women fans; the underlying gendered epistemology has resulted in a dismissal of women fans or, at best, a systematic reduction of their experiences. Utopic visions of hard rock and metal as a community (as proposed at the Heavy Metal and Popular Culture conference in April 2013), do little to change this understanding as they conceal the systematic discrimination that plays a crucial role in forming the specific experiences of women. I contend that a new framework is necessary that takes into account a wider spectrum of fandom and that addresses the feeling of togetherness that fans report, whilst also opening up the culture of the genre for a critique of its structures. I contend that my framework of imaginary community can bring new perspectives to studies of fans. The article is set within the context of debates about the inclusivity of metal, and in popular music studies about the usefulness of particular terms. I build upon the work of feminist popular music theorists, Cohen and McRobbie, to give a critique of masculine hegemony in stories about rock music; and upon the work of science fiction fan researchers and feminist critiques of community to argue that community is not a neutral term. I draw on Anderson’s theorization of the nation as an imagined community, extending it to develop the concept of ‘imaginary community’. This concept enables the consideration of how women fans imagine themselves as part of a community without eliding the difficulties imposed by structural sexism, and brings the focus back to the pleasure in the music.
Gamification as twenty-first-century ideology
Authors: Fuchs Mathias
Published: September 2014

Gamification as the process of turning extra-ludic activities into play can be seen in two different ways: following Bataille, we would hope that play could be a flight line from the servitude of the capital-labour relationship. Following Adorno and Benjamin, however, we might discover that the escape from the drudgery of the worker leads to an equally alienating drudgery of the player. I argue that gamification might be seen as a form of ideology and therefore a mechanism of the dominant class to set agenda and to legitimize actions taken by this very class or group. Ever since the notion of gamification was introduced widely, scholars have suggested that work might be seen as a sort of leisure activity. This article analyses the controversial dialectics of play and labour and the ubiquitous notion of gamification as ideology.
Towards gamification transparency: A conceptual framework for the development of responsible gamified enterprise systems
Authors: Raftopoulos Marigo
Published: September 2014

Gamification currently faces several contentious issues when deployed in the enterprise to improve productivity, organizational transformation or innovation. Early experiments show that gamification can create value; however, there are significant limitations within gamification design practices that can actually destroy value. The objective of this article is not to ascertain the appropriateness or effectiveness of enterprise gamification but to provide a constructive criticism of its applications and propose a conceptual design framework and process. A cornerstone of this framework is the utilization of values-conscious design to ensure a more human-based and ethical approach to gamification design that can potentially produce more responsible and sustainable results.
Das Familiengedächtnis der Wittgensteins
Authors: Immler Nicole L.
Published: September 2014

Welche Rolle spielen die »Familienerinnerungen« von Ludwig Wittgensteins Schwester Hermine bei der Entwicklung des Wittgenstein'schen Familiengedächtnisses? Nicole L. Immler untersucht die Biographieforschung zu Wittgenstein und bietet eine quellenkritische Analyse seiner autobiographischen Reflexionen und deren Verknüpfung mit seinen philosophischen Gedanken. Die Studie geht den Konstruktionsprinzipien von Erzählung, Erinnerung und Identität nach, zeigt die mitunter dramatischen Wechselwirkungen zwischen Autobiographie und Familiengedächtnis und die Verschränkungen von Texten von bzw. über Ludwig Wittgenstein. Ein Buch über die Relevanz Wittgensteins für die Kulturwissenschaft.
Camp Comforts
Authors: Lassen Christian
Published: September 2014

»Camp Comforts« investigates the wide-ranging impact of camp on AIDS literature and places this impact within two different traditions of camp analysis: a politically subversive one that aims at social change and an aesthetically uplifting one that aims at personal healing. Christian Lassen argues that camp may in fact serve both ends, social change and personal healing, and goes on to explore reparative reading practices in order to rehabilitate alleviation and relief as vital objectives in literary representations of gay grief. In this way, »Camp Comforts« reveals the workings that make camp so crucial a strategy for survival in times of AIDS.
Medien - Diskurs - Weltpolitik
Authors: Brand Alexander
Published: September 2014

Beeinflussen Massenmedien den Gang der internationalen Politik? Alexander Brand gibt hierauf eine differenzierte Antwort, die Medien weder zu Sündenböcken für fehlgeschlagene politische Projekte macht noch deren eigenständige Wirkmächtigkeit abstreitet. Auch widerspricht er einer technologiefixierten Lesart, wie sie bei der Rede vom »CNN-Effekt« oder der »Twitter-Revolution« dominiert. Auf der Basis eines modifizierten konstruktivistischen Ansatzes für die Internationalen Beziehungen erläutert die Studie, wo genau sich Medieneffekte in internationalen politischen Dynamiken niederschlagen - und zeigt, dass dies weder einseitig gerichtet noch mit durchweg erwartbaren Konsequenzen geschieht.
Chronotopes of the Uncanny
Authors: Eckhard Petra
Published: September 2014

Using the theoretical frameworks of Freud, Todorov, and Bahktin, this book explores how American writers of the late 20th century have translated the psychoanalytical concept of »the uncanny« into their novelistic discourses. The two texts under scrutiny - Paul Auster's »City of Glass« and Toni Morrison's »Jazz« - show that the uncanny has developed into a crucial trope to delineate personal and collective fears that are often grounded on the postmodern disruption of spatio-temporal continuities and coherences.
Protest der Physiker
Authors: Lorenz Robert
Published: September 2014

Im Frühjahr 1957 bedienten sich 18 Kernphysiker einer uralten Methode, Politik zu machen. Sie verfassten ein politisches Manifest: die »Göttinger Erklärung«, mit der sie zu Ikonen der friedensbewegten Anti-Atomwaffenproteste avancierten. Robert Lorenz geht den politischen Wesenszügen der erklärten Nichtpolitiker nach, untersucht ihre Motive und Wirkung. Er fragt, weshalb ehrwürdige Nobelpreisträger wie Max Born, Otto Hahn und Werner Heisenberg öffentlich die Bundesregierung angriffen, und beleuchtet, wie der Physiker Carl Friedrich v. Weizsäcker zum prominenten »Friedensphilosophen« aufsteigen konnte.
Musikkommunikatoren
Authors: Doehring André
Published: September 2014

Obwohl Popmusikzeitschriften unsere Vorstellungen von Popmusik wesentlich prägen, ist ihr Entstehungsprozess bisher kaum wissenschaftlich erfasst. André Doehring stellt die Musikredakteure deutscher Musikzeitschriften in den Mittelpunkt und beleuchtet die Sicht dieser Medienakteure auf die eigene Rolle inmitten der handlungsleitenden sowie -begrenzenden Strukturen und Produktionsverhältnisse. In einer Zusammenführung von Perspektiven der Musiksoziologie und der Journalistik wirft die materialreiche und interessante Studie einen Blick hinter die Kulissen des gegenwärtigen Popmusikjournalismus, der durch das immense persönliche Engagement der Musikkommunikatoren überhaupt erst ermöglicht und aufrechterhalten wird.
Rückkehr der Wohnmaschinen
Authors: Harnack Maren
Published: September 2014

Seit einigen Jahren scheinen nach den Prinzipien des »modernen Städtebaus« errichtete Häuser oder Wohnanlagen, die in London als öffentlich geförderter Nachkriegswohnungsbau entstanden sind, wieder in Mode zu kommen. Maren Harnack untersucht die Entwicklung von Wohnmaschinen aus dem sozialen Wohnungsbau. Sie geht ihrem Bedeutungswandel und den Gründen für eine mögliche Gentrifizierung dieser Bauform nach. Das Buch schlägt den Bogen von der Geschichte des britischen Wohnungsbaus bis hin zu popkulturellen Einflüssen - und berücksichtigt dabei nicht nur urbane Lebensstile, sondern auch konkrete Entwicklungen im urbanen Raum.
Das Ding namens Computer
Authors: Alpsancar Suzana
Published: September 2014

Computer gelten als prägende Faktoren unserer Gesellschaft, ohne dass die ihnen zugesprochene Gestaltungsmacht systematisch hinterfragt würde. Gemeinhin werden sie als Rechenmaschine, Medium oder Notationssystem adressiert. Unklar bleibt, welcher Status Computern als Ding überhaupt zukommt. Mit ihrer kritischen Neulektüre von Vilém Flusser und Mark Weiser legt Suzana Alpsancar zwei symptomatische Computerkonzepte im Diskurs des Digitalen frei. Sie zeigt, dass eine Reflexion der Gestaltungsmacht von Computern neben typischen Gebrauchsweisen gerade auch auf ihre potenzielle Widerständigkeit als Dinge abheben muss, um ihre Medialität angemessen erfassen zu können.
Meta-Romane
Authors: Kühn Marion
Published: September 2014

Dass die récriture, die Rekonstruktion eines fiktionalen Textes in einem neuen, mehr ist als die bloße literarische Aneignung oder Abgrenzung von Vorbildern, zeigt sich par excellence am Gegenwartsroman aus Québec. Die in diesem Buch untersuchten Spielarten der récriture aus der ehemaligen französischen und britischen Kolonie veranschaulichen die Komplexität des kategorie- und grenzüberschreitenden literarischen Wi(e)derschreibens. Indem die vorgestellten Autoren aus der Belle Province eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit Literatur in der Literatur inszenieren, schreiben sie sich mit den entstehenden Meta-Romanen in die internationale literarische Postmoderne ein.
Traumatische Texturen
Authors: Reinhäckel Heide
Published: September 2014

Der 11. September gilt als epochale Zäsur, kulturelles Trauma und globales Medienereignis, das die Verknüpfung von Politik, Visualität und Geschichte verdeutlicht hat. Wie verhält sich die deutsche Gegenwartsliteratur angesichts der Medienkonkurrenz und der Inkommensurabilität dieses Ereignisses? Wie schreiben Autoren über die wirkmächtigen Bilderwelten und politischen Folgen der New Yorker Terroranschläge? Heide Reinhäckel untersucht in ihrem Buch die Literarisierungen des 11. September im Zeitraum 2001-2010 und analysiert die dabei zum Einsatz kommenden Themen und Textverfahren in der deutschen Gegenwartsliteratur. Sie liefert so - ein Jahrzehnt nach 9/11 - einen aktuellen Beitrag zur jüngsten deutschen Literaturgeschichte.
Intermaterialität
Authors: Kleinschmidt Christoph
Published: September 2014

Der Expressionismus ist wie kaum eine andere Epoche von einem bemerkenswerten Zusammenspiel der Künste geprägt. Im Zuge der Wende zur Abstraktion erkunden Autoren, Maler, Komponisten, Theater- und Filmregisseure wie Wassily Kandinsky, Lothar Schreyer, Kurt Schwitters, Oskar Kokoschka, Arnold Schönberg oder Robert Wiene die künstlerischen Materialien und kombinieren sie zu Artefakten, deren gemeinsames Charakteristikum vor allem in der ästhetischen Verdichtung besteht. Christoph Kleinschmidt zeigt: Mithilfe der Kategorie der Intermaterialität lässt sich diese Programmatik und Praxis adäquat beschreiben. Neben der erstmaligen historischen Erforschung der Kunstkonvergenzen im Expressionismus führt er mit dem Konzept der Intermaterialität zugleich ein neues Paradigma in die Intermedialitätsforschung ein, das über den untersuchten Zeitraum von 1910-1925 hinaus vielfältige Anschlussmöglichkeiten für weitere Studien eröffnet.
Investigación: Comercio Minorista Tradicional. Desafíos para su profesionalización
Authors: Kosiak de Gesualdo Graciela , Modesto Florencia , Etchevarría Ma. Belén , Gesualdo Gabriela
Published: September 2014

La distribución comercial experimenta un proceso de concentración de la oferta que ha originado una estructura dual del sector minorista y pone al comercio tradicional ante la necesidad de adecuar sus formas de gestión, teniendo en cuenta que, en general, suelen tener problemas de administración, falta de conocimientos profesionales y baja competitividad. A tal efecto se ha realizado una investigación para diagnosticar las necesidades de formación del comercio minorista tradicional de la ciudad de Santa Fe, en vistas de diseñar una oferta formativa concreta que permita tender a su profesionalización y mejorar la competitividad de los comercios minoristas tradicionales.
Investigación: Una aproximación al análisis conceptual de la Innovación y su relevancia para la sociedad actual
Authors: Sánchez Rossi María Rosa , Balza Carolina
Published: September 2014

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo indagar acerca de las dificultades que se presentan al momento de definir la innovación e identificar sus ventajas y desventajas. Para ello, se realizó un análisis exploratorio y comparativo de la bibliografía existente en la temática, a fin de brindar pautas que permitan establecer una definición más certera de innovación. Asimismo, se reconocen las consecuencias más significativas de implementar políticas tendientes a su introducción en la sociedad. Finalmente, se expone la necesidad medir los resultados alcanzados por la implementación de dichas políticas y las discusiones suscitadas.
Investigación: Anatocismo: Un vocablo poco feliz para incorporarlo en nuestro nuevo código civil y comercial
Authors: Fumis Sebastián
Published: September 2014

El proyecto de unificación de los códigos civil y comercial abre una instancia muy interesante para el debate de diferentes temas. En particular, en este trabajo se aborda el tratamiento legislativo que se ha propuesto para las obligaciones de dar sumas de dinero, incluyendo sus intereses y cálculo. Se pretende clarificar desde un enfoque matemático las distintas formas de cálculo de los intereses y la posibilidad de su capitalización, que la doctrina y jurisprudencia define como anatocismo, destacando como inapropiada su aparición en el texto de ley propuesto.
Divulgación: Reflexiones en torno a la aplicación del enfoque de marketing en el sector de las artesanías tradicionales
Authors: Canale Sandra , Zandomeni Norma
Published: September 2014

El sector de las artesanías tradicionales ocupa un importante espacio social, en tanto tiene un valor agregado cultural interesante y es un agente dinamizador de las economías regionales. Entre sus principales fortalezas se destaca la generación de una producción artística distintiva culturalmente y la calidad de la misma, sin embargo —en general—, en los países de Iberoamérica la artesanía es visto como un tema marginal en los planes de gobierno, relegando la importancia que tiene este sector como generador de empleo e ingresos para numerosas familias de artesanos. El reconocimiento de esta problemática propició la creación de la Red Iberoamericana de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología para el Fortalecimiento Artesanal (RITFA) en el marco del Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (CYTED). El propósito que orienta las actividades de la Red es crear un marco de cooperación internacional de largo plazo entre grupos de investigación y organizaciones de artesanos a fin de contribuir al fortalecimiento de las actividades del sector. En este escrito se abordan conceptos relativos a la gestión de los procesos comerciales que posibiliten proyectar a las organizaciones artesanales como genuinas referentes regionales, sin perder niveles de calidad formal y esté- tica, ni su sentido histórico–antropológico, social y cultural. Atendiendo a la especificidad de la actividad artesanal y a la de su producción, en la primera parte del trabajo se avanza en la caracterización de las mismas, para luego proceder a analizar distintos modelos de gestión comercial y su posible aplicación en función de las características distintivas del sector. Finalmente, se realiza el análisis específico del caso del Taller de Cerá- mica Artesanal de La Guardia, dando cuenta de las primeras propuestas realizadas en torno a un modelo de gestión comercial.
Acute Neuroinflammation Impairs Context Discrimination Memory and Disrupts Pattern Separation Processes in Hippocampus
Authors: Czerniawski Jennifer , Guzowski John F.
Published: September 2014

Although it is known that immune system activation can impair cognition, no study to date has linked cognitive deficits during acute neuroinflammation to dysregulation of task-relevant neuronal ensemble activity. Here, we assessed both neural circuit activity and context discrimination memory retrieval, in a within-subjects design, of male rats given systemic administration of saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Rats were exposed over several days to two similar contexts: one of which was paired with weak foot shock and the other was not. After reaching criteria for discriminative freezing, rats were given systemic LPS or saline injection and tested for retrieval of context discrimination 6 h later. Importantly, LPS administration produced an acute neuroinflammatory response in dorsal hippocampus at this time (as assessed by elevation of proinflammatory cytokine mRNA levels) and abolished retrieval of the previously acquired discrimination. The impact of neuroinflammation on hippocampal CA3 and CA1 neural circuit activity was assessed using theArc/Homer1acellular analysis of temporal activity by fluorescencein situhybridization imaging method. Whereas the saline-treated subjects discriminated and had low overlap of hippocampal ensembles activated in the two contexts, LPS-treated subjects did not discriminate and had greater ensemble overlap (i.e., reduced orthogonalization). Additionally, retrieval of standard contextual fear conditioning, which does not require context discrimination, was not affected by pretesting LPS administration. Together, the behavioral and circuit analyses data provide compelling evidence that LPS administration impairs context discrimination memory by disrupting cellular pattern separation processes within the hippocampus, thus linking acute neuroinflammation to disruption of specific neural circuit functions and cognitive impairment.
Functional Specialization in the Human Brain Estimated By Intrinsic Hemispheric Interaction
Authors: Wang Danhong , Buckner Randy L. , Liu Hesheng
Published: September 2014

The human brain demonstrates functional specialization, including strong hemispheric asymmetries. Here specialization was explored using fMRI by examining the degree to which brain networks preferentially interact with ipsilateral as opposed to contralateral networks. Preferential within-hemisphere interaction was prominent in the heteromodal association cortices and minimal in the sensorimotor cortices. The frontoparietal control network exhibited strong within-hemisphere interactions but with distinct patterns in each hemisphere. The frontoparietal control network preferentially coupled to the default network and language-related regions in the left hemisphere but to attention networks in the right hemisphere. This arrangement may facilitate control of processing functions that are lateralized. Moreover, the regions most linked to asymmetric specialization also display the highest degree of evolutionary cortical expansion. Functional specialization that emphasizes processing within a hemisphere may allow the expanded hominin brain to minimize between-hemisphere connectivity and distribute domain-specific processing functions.