bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Main Targets for Deep Brain Stimulation in Tourette Syndrome
Authors: Pinheiro Cláudio Vinícius Araújo , Oliveira Thifanny Rodrigues de
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by fast and recurrent vocal and motors tics, with classical onset in infancy. Psychotherapy and medicament are the treatments of choice, but as of lately the use of the Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), still considered an experimental intervention, has shown promising results. Objective: Describe and analyze data regarding modern targets for DBS in TS. Methods: A narrative review was conducted. Research in the following databases was performed: MedLine, PubMed, Scielo. Criteria of inclusion were articles published between 2016 and 2021, selected according to relevancy and adequacy. Criteria of exclusion were non-pertinent articles. Results: Being TS a dysfunction in the Basal Ganglia and cortical-striatalthalamic-cortical circuit, it is thought to be in one those sites that DBS may present best results, nonetheless the precise optimal location it is still debatable and a myriad of targets have arisen. Recent studies showed the ideal target is likely the Internal Globus Pallidus, improving symptoms in 50%, followed by Centromedian parafascicular nucleus complex of Thalamus, with an improvement of 46.6%, measured by the Yale Global Tics Severity Scale (YGTSS). Conclusion: DBS is possible to become a gold standard treatment for TS with no improvement by the usual therapy, but larger studies showing the efficacy of new targets are still necessary.
Frontotemporal dementia and Iowa Gambling Task: a literature review on decision-making process
Authors: Felippe Luna Vasconcelos , Loureiro Eduardo Sales , Guimarães Ana Luiza Cotta Mourão , Costa Anna Carolina Dockhorn de Menezes Carvalho , Grenfell Mariana Lacerda Reis
Published: December 2021

Background: Frontotemporal dementia (FDT) is related to memory and behavioral changes. There are variants in which the damage is more pronounced in one cognitive domain. Among the behavioral changes is the decision-making process. To evaluate this skill executive function tests are used, such as the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Objectives: Analyze the correlation between Iowa Gambling Task and decision- making process in patients with FDT. Methods: A review was conducted on PubMed, using the key words “Iowa Gambling Task AND Frontotemporal Dementia”, resulting in 4 papers. From those, 3 were included. Results: In Gleichgerrcht et al. (2012) IGT was used as a parameter to investigate risk taking on the decision-making process in patients with Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) and its subtypes (PPA is frequently associated with FTD) versus subjects with behavioral variant from FTD (bvFTD). PPA subjects had no improvement throughout the task, proving that there is an impairment in decision-making. The bvFTD group progression showed that this group has a tendency to choose risky behaviors, suggesting an inability to foresee negative outcomes. In Girardi, MacPherson & Abrahams (2011) the frontal variant was analyzed in subjects with ALS and had similar results, showing also a failure to learn how to avoid disadvantageous choices. Torralva et al. (2017) analyzed the results on subjects with the frontal variant in which the results were consistent with the previous studies analyzed in this review. Conclusion: In patients with FTD, the IGT proves that a cognitive impairment in the decision-making and risk-taking process is present.
Analytical study of the evolution of hospitalizations for Parkinson’s disease in comparison with the region, race, sex and age range in Brazil in the last 10 years
Authors: Santos Antônio Henrique Roberti dos , Barbosa Bruno Costa , Durigon Gabriela Resmini , Araújo Guilherme Neumann de
Published: December 2021

Background: Parkinson’s disease is a chronic and degenerative central nervous system neuropathy, caused by decrease of the dopamin hormone. The therapy is symptomatic, neuroprotective and restorative, however it´s still very disabling in advanced stages. Objectives: Report the number of cases of the disease in different social sectors, to establish link between etiology and health promotion. Methods: An analytical epidemiological study carried out by research at DATASUS that analyzes the number of Brazilians admissions for Parkinson’s Disease, between January/2011 to December/2020, associating these to the incidence according to age group, race, region and sex. Results: Observing Brazil’s hospitalizations, since 2011, due to Parkinson’s Disease, noticed: 9,210 cases, being 5,303 (57.58%) male. In the regional proportion, Southeast had the highest incidence with 4,050 cases, followed by South with 2,470, Northeast with 1,800, Midwest with 519 and North with 371. Segregating in states, São Paulo had the highest number 2239, followed by Rio Grande do Sul with 1155. Regarding race, whites with 4,355 cases had the highest incidence, followed by browns with 1825. In the proportion curve between 2011-2020, there’s reduction of approximately 1,012% of the registered average. Assessing the age group, there’s higher incidence between 70-79 years followed by 60-69 years. Conclusions: It’s noted that the incidence of Brazilian hospitalizations for Parkinson’s Disease has increased substantially since 2011. Furthermore, the numbers described are hospitalizations, reflecting higher numbers if the total cases are evaluated, in addition to underreporting. So, it’s necessary to invest in methods for early diagnosis seeking to improve the prognosis.
Mortality profile of Parkinson’s disease in Brazil between 2010 and 2019
Authors: Teixeira Marcela Menezes , Marcante Martina , Pasa Laura Fogaça , Roehrs Fabiana , Pulice Rafaela Fernandes , Iglesias Carolina da Mota , Garcia Junior Manoel Ernani
Published: December 2021

Background: Parkinson’s disease is a chronic and degenerative condition. Recognizing its mortality profile can be useful in order to search for protective and risk factors. Objectives: Analyze the rates of deaths from Parkinson’s disease in Brazil between 2010 and 2019. Design and setting: Descriptive documentary study with data collected from the Mortality Information System (SIM), made available by the Information System of the Unified Health System of Brazil. Methods: A statistical analysis of deaths due to ICD G20 from the SIM database was performed. Results: In the analyzed period 340,291 deaths due to diseases affecting the CNS were recorded, with Parkinson’s disease being the second largest cause, behind Alzheimer’s disease. In the evaluated period, 34,208 deaths due to Parkinson’s disease were registered in Brazil. There was a steady increase in these values over time, with 2019 being the year with the highest number of deaths (n = 4,575). Most deaths occurred in white individuals (74.3%) and males (54.8%). Regarding the age group, those aged 80 or over had higher mortality (57.8%), followed by those aged 70 to 79 (30.9%) and 60 to 69 (8.9%). The level of education was mainly from 1 to 3 years (26.3%), with less than 7 years of schooling, together, accounting for 57.2% of deaths, not counting those ignored. Conclusions: The higher prevalence of deaths among men, especially above 80 years of age, may be related to menopause and its protective factor among women. Lower levels of education also contributed to higher mortality, which correlates with studies that demonstrate that higher levels of education may delay the clinical onset of the disease. In view of this, mapping the profiles and analyzing the protective and risk factors can contribute to the awareness of the population and the consequent reduction of their morbidity.
Efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of ischemic stroke
Authors: Duarte Gabriela Guy , Oliveira Daniel Gonçalves de , Breder Felipe de Oliveira , Nacif Guilherme Augusto Netto , Viana Ivan Magalhães
Published: December 2021

Background: Ischemic stroke is one of the main causes of long-term disability in adults. In the search for therapies for neurological sequelae after stroke, several studies have been investigating the use of stem cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of stem cell therapy in patients with neurological deficits due to stroke. Methods: A literature review was conducted based on clinical studies published on PubMed and Cochrane databases between 2013 and 2021. The search strategy (mesenchymal stem cells) AND (stroke) was used and 4 articles were selected. Results: In the selected studies, we observed the use of autologous or allogeneic MSCs, derived from bone marrow or umbilical cord. The cells were transplanted using intravenous, intra-arterial or intracerebral routes. The articles demonstrated safety in the use of MSC, with no reports of serious adverse effects causally related to cell therapy. The evaluation of efficacy was performed through the analysis of neurological condition scales such as the NIHSS, the modified Rankin Scale and the Fugl-Meyer Scale. The trials showed improvements in at least one of the scales after therapy, and the benefits focused, mainly, on the motor function of the patients. MSC are associated with the secretion of factors that promote inflammatory immunomodulation, angiogenesis and neurogenesis, contributing to brain repair. Conclusions: The use of MSCs in the treatment of ischemic stroke is safe and has therapeutic potential for repairing ischemic brain tissue. However, further studies are needed to prove the efficacy of MSCs in the rehabilitation of stroke.
The use of biomarkers in Duchenne muscular dystrophy – a literature review
Authors: Nogueira Cristiana Bello Dultra , Oliveira João Gustavo dos Anjos Morais , Lopes Filho Alexandre Martins
Published: December 2021

Background: Biomarkers are indicators associated with a disease, used for diagnosis, monitoring progression and prognosis. In Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), they are very important. Although the literature describes various types of biomarkers for it, there is no consensus of their appropriate use. Objective: Describe the use of biomarkers associated with DMD. Methods: This literature review used articles searched in PubMed using the formula: (“Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy”) AND (“Biomarkers”). Those that corroborate with the objective of this review were included. Model’s studies and studies that evaluated biomarkers in other diseases were excluded. Results: Cohort and case-control studies propose a staging score that evaluate the infiltration of fat into the muscles and the edema in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences. Other studies indicate that the relation between volume and cross-sectional can be a prognostic biomarker. Some clinical trials already use these MRI markers to evaluate the effectiveness of their therapies. Creatine Kinase, a serum marker, has been shown in clinical trials to be a good biomarker in diagnosis’ moment. However, due to its low specificity, it is not used in prognosis. In model studies, miRNAs have been shown to be useful in various spheres, and can be used as biomarkers in muscular dystrophies, helping with diagnosis, staging and treatment. Conclusions: The use of biomarkers in DMD is not well defined, for financial reasons and lack of more concrete evidence. Therefore, further studies are needed.
Effects of tDCS on pain and anxiety modulation in patients with fibromyalgia: systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Loreti Eduardo Henrique , Araujo Aneliza Cruz de , Kakuta Elaine , Silva Alisson Alexandre da , Konkiewitz Elisabete Castelon
Published: December 2021

Background: The prevalence of fibromyalgia (FM) is estimated between 2% - 4% of the world population and is characterized by musculoskeletal pain accompanied by fatigue, depression, anxiety and sleep disorders. Therapeutic treatment for FM tends to be unsatisfactory, requiring the search for new therapeutic measures. Objectives: Analyze the evidence regarding the use and use of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in the modulation of pain and anxiety in patients with FM. Design and setting: A systematic review was carried out with meta-analysis. Methods: A search was performed in MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Physiotherapy Evidence Databases (PEDro). Randomized clinical trials published between 2010 and 2021 that used tDCS to treat pain and anxiety were included. Articles that used tDCS associated with other techniques were excluded. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using the PEDro Scale and the RoB 2.0. RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. Results: Six studies were included, totaling 225 participants. Anodic stimulation (AE) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was better for pain control than tDCS sham (-1.56; 95% CI: -1.78 to -1.34; p <0,00001). AE on the primary motor cortex (M1) was better for pain control than tDCS sham (-1.45; 95% CI: -2.54 to - 0.36; p <0.00009), however , no difference was observed between AE over M1 and tDCS sham to improve anxiety (-0.63; 95% CI: -4.89 to 3.62; p = 0.52). Conclusions: The tDCS cam be effective for treating pain. More research needs to be done.
Transcranial direct current stimulation in the treatment of pain in women with fibromyalgia: Randomized double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Loreti Eduardo Henrique , Correa Viviane Cristina Tomaz , Kakuta Elaine , Oliveira Renan Gama de , Konkiewitz Elisabete Castelon
Published: December 2021

Background: Among the diseases that encompass chronic pain is fibromyalgia (FM), a syndrome characterized by changes in the functional, chemical and structural networks of the brain. Objectives: To analyze the effects of anodic Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on the Primary Motor Cortex (M1) for 26 minutes for 10 sessions in the treatment of pain in patients with FM. Design and setting: Randomized double-blind clinical trial to be carried out at the Municipal Physiotherapy Clinic of Fátima do Sul - MS, Brazil. Methods: This is a Research protocol that is in progress. Forty women aged between 18 and 60 years with a medical diagnosis of FM will be selected. Participants will be randomly assigned to two groups (active tDCS and tDCS sham). There will be 10 consecutive sessions. The anode will be positioned at M1 and the cathode in the right sub-orbital region. The intensity will be 2mA applied for 13 minutes, a break of 20 minutes followed by another 13 minutes of stimulation. In the tDCS sham group, the device stays on for 30 seconds and turns off automatically. Participants will be evaluated at the beginning, after 10 sessions and after 30 and 90 days with the visual analogue scale, inventory of attitudes towards pain (primary outcome). Results: this will be the first clinical trial to use this prochotole. Potential limitations include patient compliance. Conclusions: we hope to demonstrate the effects of tDCS on FM and direct further studies.
Epidemiological profile analysis of patients hospitalized for stroke between 2015 and 2019 in Brazil
Authors: Cipriano Matheus Mendonça Vieira , Freire Thyago Trisotto , Oliveira Eduardo Jose Silva Gomes de , Oliveira Caio Marcio Barros de
Published: December 2021

Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of death in Brazil and can lead to significant losses that impact patients’ quality of life and the Brazilian Health System. Objectives: To evaluate the epidemiological profile (EP) in 5 years (2015- 2019) of patients hospitalized for stroke in the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Methods: Cross-sectional study on stroke data in Brazil, from January 2015 to December 2019, collected from SIH/DATASUS, based on the analysis of hospital admission authorizations (HAA), related to gender, age group (AG) and mortality rate (MR). Results: In this period, there were 768,181 HAA approved, 42.04% in the Southeast, followed by the Northeast, with 28.90%. In relation to the years of this period, 2015 had fewer hospitalizations (145,980) and 2019 had the highest number (163,247). In relation to AG, 70 to 79 years was the most affected (26.19%) of total hospitalizations in the period, followed by 60 to 69 years (24.97%). The majority of hospitalizations were male (52.10%). MR of the disease was also analyzed, which was 15.57% in Brazil in the period, being higher in North (18.38%) and lower in South (12.3%). Conclusion:Stroke significantly affected all Brazilian regions in the period. It is noteworthy that the regions with the lowest HDI (North and Northeast) had the highest MR due to the disease. The traced EP showed a higher prevalence in males and individuals aged 70 to 79 years, which is an important public health data.
Mortality rate trend of meningitis by region of Brazil, between the year 2010 to 2019
Authors: Martins Maria Elvira Freitas , Souza Eduardo Passos de Costa , Queiroz Laís Martins , Teixeira Otávio Augusto de Paula Mendes , Goulart Lissa Carrilho
Published: December 2021

Background: Meningitis is an inflammatory process in the membranes that line the central nervous system (CNS). Objectives: To analyze the behavior of meningitis mortality rate by region of Brazil, between 2010 and 2019. Desing and setting: Analytical, observational and retrospective study. Deaths number from meningitis was recorded through the Mortality Information System (SIM) stratified by Brazilian region, and population data from IBGE. Methods: Mortality rate (MR) per 1 million inhabitants was calculated. MR trend in each region was provided by segmented linear regression. MR annual percentage changes (APCs) were adjusted with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: In this period, there were 10007 deaths from meningitis in Brazil. MR by region varied from 3.77 (North Region) to 6.03 (Southeast Region), while in Brazil it was 4.93. A decreasing trend is noticeable in Brazil MR (APC= -3.2; 95%CI= -3.9; -2.4). Central-West region had the largest drop (APC= - 4.1; 95%CI= - 7.9; -0.2), followed by Southeast. In contrast, South and North regions had stationary trend and Northeast had a double behavior: decreasing from 2010 to 2015 (APC= -7.7; 95%CI= -11.7; -3.5) and stationary from 2015 to 2019. Conclusions: Despite the country decreasing trend, these results are heterogeneous. Variables such as vaccination coverage, population adherence and socioeconomic status can influence meningitis MR trends. Thus, it is understood the need for programs aimed at disease treatment and prevention to reduce regional inequalities and meningitis mortality.
Prevalence of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Cancer Patients in Hospitals of Rawalpindi
Authors: Awan Bakhtawar , Hadi Khan Muhammad , Khaliq Mohibah , Mukhtar Sayed Tahir
Published: December 2021

Background and Aim: Carcinoma/Cancer patients are more susceptible to venous thromboembolism compared to common disease patients. Regardless of chemotherapy, venous thromboembolism risk increases by 5-6 fold. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of deep vein thrombosis in Fauji Foundation, Holy Family and Benazir Bhutto Hospital of Rawalpindi. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 434 carcinoma/cancer patients presented to the Department of Medical Oncology, Fauji Foundation, Holy Family and Benazir Bhutto Hospital of Rawalpindi from May 2020 to July 2021. Malignancy patients of age range from 5 years to 65 years with deep vein thrombosis clinical signs and symptoms were investigated. All patients had to have a biopsy to prove they had cancer. All patients underwent routine baseline investigations, which included a complete blood picture ECG, biochemistry, and X-rays. Results: Of the total 434 carcinoma/cancer patients, 23 (5.3%) malignant patients had deep vein thrombosis. The overall mean age of 23 patients was 34.56 ± 8.71 years with an age range from 5 years to 65 years. Out of 23 patients, 14 (60.9%) were male and 9 (39.1%) were females. The prevalence of primary cancer (tumors) and hematological malignancies were 11 (47.8%) and 12 (52.2%) respectively. Enoxaparin injections of 1mg/kg/day were prescribed to these patients for 5 days to 7 days duration followed by 6 months of warfarin. Conclusion: Our study found that the prevalence of deep vein thrombosis was 5.3%. Antithrombotic agents lower the risk of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Low dose warfarin and Low molecular weight heparins can both prevent and treat cancer-related thrombosis. Venous thromboembolism be treated with either unfractionated heparin (UFH) or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) before starting Warfarin therapy as per guidelines. Keywords: Prevalence, Deep vein thrombosis, Warfarin
Investigation of Motivated Consumer Innovativeness in the Context of Sports Industry in Terms of Gender, Age, Sports and Exercise Variables
Authors: Karataş Ismail , Kural Sercan
Published: December 2021

Aim: The research was carried out in order to investigate of motivated consumer innovativeness of the students of the coaching education department in the context of sports industry in terms of gender, age, actively doing sports and participation in exercise variables. Study design: In this quantitative study was conducted according to a general survey model. Methods: The universe of the research consisted of a total of 418 students (128 females and 290 males) in Bartın University Faculty of Sports Sciences, Department of Coaching Education, and the sample consisted of a total of 236 students (82 females and 154 males). Convenience sampling method, which is one of the non-probabilistic sampling approaches, was used in the selection of the sample, and the data were collected on a voluntary basis. Questionnaire form was used as data collection tool and this form consisted of two parts. The questionnaire form were located that “Personal Information Form” in the first part and “Motivated Consumer Innovativeness Scale” in the second part. Results: It was determined that there was no significant difference between the scores of the subscales within the scope of the gender variable of the participants. Also, there was no significant correlation between the age of the participants and the scores of the subscales. However, there were significant differences between the functional innovativeness and cognitive innovativeness scores of the participants in the context of the variable of actively doing sports status. In addition, there were significant differences between the functional innovativeness, hedonic innovativeness and cognitive innovativeness scores of the participants in the context of the variable of doing exercise status. Conclusion: In the research, motivated consumer innovations of the research group in the context of the sports industry were examined within the framework of gender, age, sports and exercise variables, and this situation was described as it exists. Research findings provide basic information for businesses operating in the sports industry to develop various strategies. In this context, new information has been obtained that will contribute to the literature with the research findings. Keywords: Consumer Innovativeness, Department of Coaching Education, Sports Industry
Role of Covid Antigen in the Diagnosis of Covid Positive in Obstetric Patients
Authors: Fatima Ambreen , Yaseen Nidda , Fareed Amna , Samin Kashif Ali , Kanwal Shumaela , Qamar Misbah-ul-
Published: December 2021

Background and Aim: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) rapid emergence postured significant challenges on the health system in recent years. The early detection of cases is thought to be critical in preventing this pandemic by coronavirus disease (COVID-19), especially important in the obstetrical population due to theirs numerous interactions with another parturient when hospitalized for delivery. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the COVID antigen test performance in COVID-positive obstetrics patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1296 Covid-19 asymptomatic women admitted to the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of Muhammad Teaching Hospital & Medical College, Peshawar and Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi for the duration of six months from February 2021 to July 2021. Antigen-based test rapid diagnostic test (RDT) was used for screening out COVID-19 positive obstetrics patients or women through nasopharyngeal swabs. Women with negative rapid antigen test results were confirmed with RT-polymers chain reaction test of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT). Ethical approval and informed consent were taken from the hospital ethical committee and each individual respectively. All the known positive COVID-19 patients during admission were excluded. SPSS version 24 was used for data analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of rapid antigen-positive tested patients was 13.2% (171/1296). The prevalence of positive tested women through rapid antigen test, Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT), and RT-PCR were 27 (2.1%), 51 (3.9%), and 93 (7.2%) respectively. Of the total 1296 rapid antigen tests, 27 were positive, and the false-negative confirmed positive by NAAT was 144.Thus the sensitivity of the rapid antigen test was 15.8% and the negative predictive value was 93.7%. Of the total 298 Nucleic Acid Amplification Tested had sensitivity and negative predictive value of 89.6% and 99.06% respectively. RT-PCR was carried out on 972 patients, positive diagnosed cases were 36 while 15 were initially negative and were positive with the test was repeated. The sensitivity and negative predictive value was 71.45% and 95.8% respectively. Conclusion: Our study found that Ag-RDT plays a significant role in SARS-CoV-2 early detection in infected individuals, with high specificity and sensitivity to disease infectious stage, whether symptomatic or asymptomatic, and can be used as a decision supported tool. Early detection of COVID-19 status in women admitted for delivery could benefit neonatal protection care. Keywords: Covid-19; Rapid antigen test; RT-PCR test
Etiology of Juandice and Associated Liver Diseases Among Hiv Patients
Authors: Gul Syed Shah , Quddus Muhammad Abdul , Zaib Jahangir , Iqbal Tahir , Hussain Wajid , Abbas Atif
Published: December 2021

Background and Aim: Jaundice and associated liver disease are frequently diagnosed in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The assessment of jaundice causes, etiology, and outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with liver disease have not been addressed. The present study aimed to evaluate jaundice and associated liver disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 272 human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected patients with liver disease at the Department of Gastroenterology AK CMH/ Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayad Al Nahyan Hospital Rawalakot, Medicine Medical Unit A, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar and department of Medicine, Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi for duration between 5th January 2020 and 5th December 2020. Jaundice was defined as a serum bilirubin concentration of 3 mg/dL or higher. The etiology of jaundice was determined using a pattern of liver disease biochemistry test, radiographic studies, liver biopsy and clinical follow-up. Results: About 272 HIV-infected patients were evaluated liver disease; the prevalence of jaundice was 46 (16.9%). Drug-induced hepatitis was the more prevalent cause in Jaundice 19 (41.3%) followed by neoplasms in 14 (30.4%) patients. Out of 14 neoplasms, the extrahepatic and intrahepatic disease was present in 8 and 6 patients respectively. Alcoholic liver disease was present in 5 (10.9%). Various potential causes were present in three patients. The use of abdominal ultrasonography and CT was beneficial in determining the fundamental cause of the infection. five of these patients died as a result of liver disease. Conclusion: Jaundice is rare and can be caused by a number of opportunistic and non-opportunistic etiologies in AIDS. The most common cause is drug-induced hepatitis, which can be fatal. Long-term survival was dismal. Keywords: Jaundice, Liver Disease, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Comparative Analysis of Sclerotherapy with Bleomycin Versus Surgical Resection for Cystic Hygroma in Children
Authors: Rehman Abdul , Butt Tahir Mehmood , Waheed Rabia , . Usama , Haseeb Muhammad
Published: December 2021

Objective: Main purpose of this study is to compare the outcomes of sclerotherapy with bleomycin versus surgical resection in children with cystic hygroma. Study Design: Comparative/Observational study Place and Duration: This observational study was conducted at Children Surgical Hospital, Sialkot for six months during the period from July 2020 to December 2020. Methods: Total 50 children of both genders were presented. Children were aged between 2-12 years. All the patients had cystic hygroma were included. Informed written consent was taken from parents of children for detailed demographics. Patients were equally divided into two groups, group I had 25 patients and received sclerotherapy with bleomycin and group II received surgical resection among 25 cases. Post-treatment outcomes were assessed and compared in terms of efficacy and recurrence among both groups. SPSS 22.0 version was used to analyze complete data. Results: Majority were males in group I and II (68% and 64%) and females were 8 (32%) in group I and 9 (36%) in group II. In group I 18 (72% cases) were <6years of age and in group II 19 (76%) children were < 6years of age. Neck and axilla was the most effected site of cystic hygroma followed by face and trunk. We found that effectiveness of sclerotherapy with bleomycin was higher among 21 (84%) cases as compared to surgical resection 19 (76%). Recurrence rate was higher in group II 5 (20%) as compared to group I 3 (12%). Wound infection was lower in group I 1 (4%) and in group II we found 3 (12%). Conclusion: In this research we concluded that use of sclerotherapy with bleomycin is an effective and safe treatment for cystic hygroma as compared to surgical resection in terms of less recurrence rate, wound infection and higher number of good results. Keywords: Cystic hygroma, Children, Sclerotherpay, Bleomycin, Surgical Resection
Outcome of Dynamic Compression Plate versus Interlock Intramedullary Nail for Management of Humeral Shaft Fractures
Authors: Nazar Mudassar , Khan Gauhar Nawaz , Khosa Hassan Raza , Anwar Rizwan , Abdul Hanan Muhammad , Tanveer Omer Farooq
Published: December 2021

Objective: To compare outcomes of interlock intramedullary nails with Dynamic compression plates for the treatment of humerus shaft fractures in terms of hospital stay time and shoulder Impingement. Subjects and Methods: In this comparative study, a total number of 74 patients having age 20-60 years who presented with closed and open Gustilo type I or II in middle third of humerus were included. Study was conducted in Islam hospital Sialkot and and Rajib Tayyip Erdogan Hospital, Muzaffargarh from June-2019 to June-2020. Group A (n=37) patients underwent dynamic compression plating (DCP) for treatment of fractures and group B (n=37) underwent interlocking intramedullary nailing (ILN) for humerus shaft fractures. We noted post-operative hospital stay, shoulder impingement and bone union rate in all patients. Results: The mean of patients included in this study was 42.45 (SD 9.89) years. There were 57 (77.03%) males and 17 (22.97%) females. The mean duration of fracture at the time of surgery was 39.98±7.23 days. Mean hospital stay was 4.72±1.23 days in in group A and 4.89±1.40 days in group B (p-value 0.60). There were 4 (10.8%) patients in group B in whom shoulder impingement occurred but there was no patient in group A with shoulder impingement (p-value 0.04). Complete union occurred in 35 (94.6%) patients in DCP group and in 34 (91.8%) patients in ILN group (p-value 0.64). Conclusion: Both DCP and ILN are associated with high bone union rates. The complications rate of ILN is higher in comparison to DCP group. Keywords: Humerus shaft fractures, dynamic compression plates, interlocking intramedullary nailing.
Çölleşme Riski ile Bitki Tür Dağılımı Arasındaki İlişkilerin İncelenmesi: Çankırı Kavra Örneği
Authors: GÜL Ebru , DÖLARSLAN Melda
Published: December 2021

Yarı kurak iklim özelliğine sahip Çankırı İl merkezine yaklaşık 20 km uzaklıkta Kavra köyü çevresinde bulunan mera alanlarında yürütülen bu çalışmanın amacını; çölleşme riskine bağlı olarak bitki tür sayısının değişiminin incelenmesi oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma toplam 40 örnekleme noktasında gerçekleştirilmiş olup, bitki örnekleri 2019 yılında nisan ayından başlayarak eylül ayı sonuna kadar (1 vejetasyon süresi) toplanmıştır. Bitki türlerinin dağılımına ilişkin ölçümler 5x5 m (25 m2)’lik kuadratlarda yapılmıştır. Çölleşme riski (ÇR) web-tabanlı hesaplama sistemi olan Desertification Indicator System for Mediterranean Europe (DIS4ME) kullanılarak hesaplanmış ve DIS4ME sistemi kapsamında kullanılan mera alanlarına ilişkin çölleşme etüt formları doldurulmuştur. Çalışma alanında vejetasyon süresinin sonlarına doğru BTS yağış ve sıcaklığa bağlı olarak azalmaktadır. Özellikle çalışma alanı için kurak periyod olan temmuz ve ağustos aylarında BTS bazı noktalarda sıfır “0” dır. Alanda ÇR en düşük 4,47 (çölleşme riski orta) ve en yüksek 6,28 (çölleşme riski çok yüksek) arasında değişen değerler almıştır. BTS ve ÇR arasında yapılan korelasyon analizi incelendiğinde, ÇR ile nisan ve mayıs aylarında ilişki gözlemlenmezken temmuz (r=-0,329, P<0,05) ve ağustos (r=-0,513, P<0,01)aylarında ÇR ile BTS arasında orta derecede kuvvetli negatif ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum bitki örtüsünde meydana gelen bozulmaların çölleşme riskini artırdığını göstermektedir. Mera alanları insan kaynaklı (otlatma vb.) tahribata açık alanlardır. Bu nedenle bitki çeşitliliğinin korunması bakımından bu tip alanlarda yapılacak olan müdahalelerin en aza indirilmesi gerekmektedir.
A percepção da coordenação pedagógica da elaboração do PEI para alunos DI
Authors: Bernardes Adriana Oliveira
Published: December 2021

Após o cumprimento da LDB (1996) propiciar ao aluno com deficiência frequentar turmas regulares de ensino, almeja-se que, uma vez na escola, o aluno receba uma educação de qualidade, tal premissa está diretamente ligada a um trabalho em que se considerem suas especificidades. Vários recursos poderão contribuir para isso e neste contexto o Planejamento Educacional Individual (PEI) é extremamente necessário para o desenvolvimento do aluno, sobretudo alunos com deficiência intelectual que sofrem grandes preconceitos na escola, não só pelos colegas de classe, mas também por professores que julgam que o mesmo não poderá alcançar desenvolvimento em sua disciplina. Neste contexto é importante conhecer a visão da orientação escolar da elaboração da PEI realizada pelos professores no Ensino Médio, já que os mesmos, conhecendo as especificidades dos alunos, se dirigem aos professores no sentido de elaborar um planejamento anual, no qual, haja atividades diferenciadas que colaborem com o desenvolvimento do aluno com DI (Deficiência Intelectual). O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a visão da coordenação pedagógica da elaboração do PEI pelos professores para alunos com deficiência intelectual. A pesquisa foi realizada em colégio público estadual do Rio de Janeiro para elaboração do planejamento para aluno com DI no ano de 2018.
Instrução Programada no ensino de conteúdos químicos: atividade desenvolvida na Residência Pedagógica
Authors: Libório Renan , Coitim Esthefany Guedes , Manickchand Steve Pereira , Teixeira Yana Bárbara da Silva , Farias Sidilene Aquino de
Published: December 2021

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar como os estudantes do Ensino Médio percebem e engajam-se numa atividade didática de Instrução Programada. Essa estratégia de ensino e aprendizagem foi desenvolvida por quatro licenciandos em Química numa disciplina do Estágio Curricular integrada ao Programa Residência Pedagógica (RP), na Universidade Federal do Amazonas, consistindo em uma atividade de intervenção planejada conjuntamente escola-universidade, a partir da tríade licenciando-preceptor-docente universitário. Para tanto, as atividades foram desenvolvidas em duas escolas parceiras, colaboradoras na RP. Os dados foram registrados no diário de campo e coletados a partir de uma folha de atividades, que fazia parte das sequências didáticas dos quatro licenciandos, sendo respondida por 253 estudantes do Ensino Médio de duas escolas estaduais públicas, localizadas no município de Manaus-AM e, posteriormente, analisados mediante a técnica Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados mostraram que os estudantes são pouco habituados com estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem diferente daquelas utilizadas no ensino tradicional. Observou-se que o primeiro contato dos estudantes, com conteúdo considerados abstratos e difíceis, a partir do instrumento possibilitou bom aproveitamento na aprendizagem, pois os estudantes foram capazes de entender conceitos chaves que podem ser aprofundados em aulas posteriores.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar como os estudantes do Ensino Médio percebem e engajam-se numa atividade didática de Instrução Programada. Essa estratégia de ensino e aprendizagem foi desenvolvida por quatro licenciandos em Química numa disciplina do Estágio Curricular integrada ao Programa Residência Pedagógica (RP), na Universidade Federal do Amazonas, consistindo em uma atividade de intervenção planejada conjuntamente escola-universidade, a partir da tríade licenciando-preceptor-docente universitário. Para tanto, as atividades foram desenvolvidas em duas escolas parceiras, colaboradoras na RP. Os dados foram registrados no diário de campo e coletados a partir de uma folha de atividades, que fazia parte das sequências didáticas dos quatro licenciandos, sendo respondida por 253 estudantes do Ensino Médio de duas escolas estaduais públicas, localizadas no município de Manaus-AM e, posteriormente, analisados mediante a técnica Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados mostraram que os estudantes são pouco habituados com estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem diferente daquelas utilizadas no ensino tradicional. Observou-se que o primeiro contato dos estudantes, com conteúdo considerados abstratos e difíceis, a partir do instrumento possibilitou bom aproveitamento na aprendizagem, pois os estudantes foram capazes de entender conceitos chaves que podem ser aprofundados em aulas posteriores.
A CONCEPTUAL APPARATUS FOR THE FIELD OF NATIONAL ECONOMIC SECURITY: AN UPDATED VIEW
Authors: Moldowan Aleksy
Published: December 2021

The author argues that the theory of national economic security is on the rise again and the qualitatively new phase of its development will be characterized by an increase of scientific and applied interest to various aspects of this field.

This trend is consistent with the escalation of internal and external threats to socio-economic stability in major countries, the growing turbulence in the global economy, intensified global competition for natural resources and human capital and the emergence of new types of threats to national economic security, including environmental crises, uncontrolled migration and the coronavirus pandemic.

In the near future, the scientific community will face a number of important research tasks, including the need to shape an updated methodological base, verify acquired knowledge and outline new research priorities. These tasks will be difficult to complete without a set of comprehensive definitions in the field of national economic security.

The ongoing capsulation of scientific schools and their gravitation toward their own conceptual frameworks is a serious problem for the institutionalization and development of national economic security as an independent scientific discipline. This problem makes it impossible to create a common methodological framework for the discipline and undermines constructive scientific discussion between representatives of different scientific schools in this field.

The author attempts to streamline the conceptual apparatus to solve the aforementioned problem. The scholarship of several scientific schools and prominent experts is analyzed to identify and systematize the most important terms and their definitions within the field of national economic security. Based on the data obtained a number of comprehensive and coherent definitions is introduced.

The current stage of the evolution of national economic security is characterized by a weakening of neoliberal ideas and an increased impact of economic concepts within neorealism in the scientific community. These developments need to be reflected in the conceptual apparatus of this discipline. In this regard, the system of current basic definitions requires a significant update.
FROM SUN TZU TO MODERN SECRET WARS: GENESIS OF THE HYBRID WARFARE ARSENAL
Authors: Palyvoda Volodymyr
Published: December 2021

Вєдєнєєв Д. В., Семенюк О. Г.

Формування концептуальних та функціональних передумов гібридної конфліктності як загрози національній безпеці України: ретроспективний аналіз: монографія. Київ : ДП «ІНФОТЕХ», 2020. 274 с.
Aktivitas Pembelajaran Matematika Berbasis Stem Low Cost di Era Pandemi pada Siswa Kelas 2 Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Hardani Hardani
Published: December 2021

Mathematics is taught to equip students with the ability in using mathematical knowledge and skills to solve problems in life. The context of learning activities should develop the skills dealing with problem solving. Mathematics learning activities during the pandemic era are often carried out by providing material and discussion of the exercise items both online and offline mode. Learning achievements show that students' critical and creative thinking skills have not developed well. This study is the result of a literature review to examine the LowCost STEM approach in learning in grade 2 elementary schools. The results of the study conclude that Low Cost STEM learning can be carried out with activities both problem-based learning and project-based learning using the five stages of the Engineering Design Process. The final result of the learning is in the form of a bridge rope model product made of paper.
De Mach ao ‘novo experimentalismo’
Authors: Cardoso Raicik Anabel , Peduzzi Luiz O.Q.
Published: December 2021

Experimentos de pensamento vêm sendo amplamente utilizados na história da ciência desde a Antiguidade. Contudo, somente por volta do século XIX eles passam a ser discutidos teoricamente, em termos de suas características e funcionalidades. Este artigo resgata estudos do físico e filósofo Ernst Mach, que acendem definitivamente as luzes sobre o potencial desses notáveis experimentos, considerações de Thomas Kuhn acerca desse conceito e a discussão do assunto a partir da menção a teses que surgem com o “novo experimentalismo”. Através de um exemplo desenvolvido por Albert Einstein em sua obra A teoria da relatividade especial e geral, reflete-se sobre essa temática e suas potencialidades para o ensino das ciências naturais, da física em particular.
formas de pensar a vida como objeto de estudo primordial da biologia
Authors: Simão Márcia Mendes , Paranhos Rones de Deus , Guimarães Simone Sendin Moreira
Published: December 2021

A constituição da biologia enquanto ciência autônoma, com um corpo de ideias que se apartam da tutela prioritária de características físicas e químicas, se apresenta como um processo em que coexistem diferentes percepções do objeto vida. Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a dinâmica desse objeto a partir da epistemologia de Ludwig Fleck (1896-1961) ao considerar que as construções epistemológicas do fenômeno vida podem ser reconhecidas no desenvolvimento do pensamento biológico como “estilos de pensamento biológico”. O Estilo de Pensamento determina as ideias que serão desenvolvidas dentro de um Coletivo de Pensamento, pois é o estilo que direciona a reelaboração dessas ideias. Sendo assim, o conceito de vida foi direcionado pelo estilo de pensamento biológico dominante em cada período histórico e colaborou para o pensamento biológico atual. A partir desse entendimento, é possível utilizar a construção do conceito de vida como uma valiosa estratégia para compreender o passado, segundo nossa visão de mundo, e o presente, mediante visões de mundo que contribuíram para o desenvolvimento do pensamento biológico.
Traditional pedagogical trends and their impact on the decline in the student population
Authors: Cantos Ubety Cedeño , Chilan Yandri Toala , Zambrano Ángela Hidrovo
Published: December 2021

Traditional education is one of the most common practices in 21st century teachers, despite the advances and efforts made in training and workshops that allow them to strengthen and improve their teaching practice, this has not yet managed to change the conformist bases that produce traditionalism, in this research the traditional pedagogical tendencies and their incidence in the reduction of the student population in high school, of the Honorato Vásquez Fiscal Educational Unit, of the Santa Ana canton, their consequences or effects that generate this type of pedagogy or practice, from an educational reality in the social, economic, cultural, how education is perceived by the authors involved in the educational process and the importance of a pedagogical update. To support the hypothesis, deductive, analytical methodology was used, the application of a brief survey through an online form for the teachers of said institution, the results showed that traditional pedagogy is present in their daily activities, in the direction of content.
KESİNLİĞİN TEMELİ MÜMKÜN MÜDÜR?
Authors: BÜYÜKADA Samet
Published: December 2021

Bilginin kesinliği sorunu klasik bilgi kuramı açısından oldukça incelenmiş bir meseledir. Bilgi için yapılan ‘gerekçelenmiş doğru inanç’ tanımını doğru tasdik olarak adlandıran Fârâbî, kesinliği (yakîn) ise hakkında inandığımız şeyin dış dünyadaki varlığının zihnimizde inandığımız şeyden farklı olmasının asla mümkün olamayacağına yönelik ikinci bir inanç olarak tanımlar. Fârâbî kesin olarak nitelendirdiğimiz bir bilginin nasıl ortaya çıktığına yönelik bir takım şartlardan bahsetse de bu durum, söz gelimi, tamamen rasyonel bir düşünce yapısına sahip iki farklı kişinin birbiri ile farklı doğruluk değerine sahip iki önermeyi temellendirmesine mani değildir. Öyle ki bu iki kişi dile getirdikleri önermenin kesin bilgi olduğunu iddia ettiklerinde aşılması zor bir durum ile karşılaşmış oluruz. Bu yazıda Fârâbî’nin bilgi ve kesinlik arasında kurduğu ilişkinin zeminine yönelik bir incelemeyi merkeze alarak Fârâbî’nin bilgi kuramı çerçevesinde bir yandan kesin bilginin bir temeli olabilir mi sorusuna yanıt ararken diğer yandan bahsettiğimiz bu iki kişi Fârâbî ile karşılaşsaydı Fârâbî bu durumu nasıl çözümlerdi onu tartışacağım.
NIETZSCHEAN TRANSVALUATION OF ESTABLISHED RELIGIOUS VALUES IN D.H. LAWRENCE’S THE MAN WHO DIED
Authors: CARBAN Yeşim
Published: December 2021

One of the most influential English writers of twentieth century David Herbert Lawrence makes biblical allusions in his novella titled The Man Who Died. Lawrence casts aspersions on the doctrines of Christianity and raises doubts about Christians’ established truths in the same way that German philospher and cultural critic Nietzsche does. That is to say, the main generic affinity which links Lawrence’s novella to Nietzsche’s theoretical postulations is their comparable outlook on religion. Both of these writers take an unconventional approach to Christianity by means of especially reevaluating Jesus Christ’s teachings and sufferings. Furthermore, Lawrence goes as far as ancient Egyptian myths to dig deep into the roots of evil and enables us to analyse moral issues and makes us discover some of the reasons why immoral people or gods cause others to suffer. The events relating to morality in Lawrence’s novel can be elucidated through Nietzschean notions, such as three spiritual phases symbolized by “the camel”, “the lion”, and “the child”, “asceticism”, “master vs slave morality”, “ ressentiment”, “life and death” and “revenge”. In spite of the fact that Nietzsche directs his criticisms particulary to Judaism and Christianity, Nietzschean notions can also be applied to religions like ancient Egyptian ones, which are explored by Lawrence in his novella.