bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MALDI imaging mass spectrometry to investigate endogenous peptides in an animal model of Usher's disease
Authors: Chatterji Bijon , Dickhut Clarissa , Mielke Svenja , Krüger Jonas , Just Ingo , Glage Silke , Meier Martin , Wedekind Dirk , Pich Andreas
Published: May 2014

Imaging MS (MSI) has emerged as a valuable tool to study the spatial distribution of biomolecules in the brain. Herein, MALDI‐MSI was used to determine the distribution of endogenous peptides in a rat model of Usher's disease. This rare disease is considered as a leading cause of deaf‐blindness in humans worldwide. Cryosections of brain tissue were analyzed by MALDI‐MSI to differentiate between healthy and diseased rats. MSI results were highly reproducible. Tissue‐specific peptides were identified by MS/MS using LC‐Orbitrap and MALDI‐TOF/TOF analyses. These peptides were proposed for histological classification due to their particular spatial distribution in the brain, for example, substantia nigra, corpus callosum, and hippocampus. Several endogenous peptides showed significantly increased ion densities, particularly in the colliculi superiores and in the substantia nigra of diseased rats, including peptides derived from Fsd1, dystrobrevin‐β, and ProSAAS. Furthermore, several proteolytic degradation products of the myelin basic protein were identified, of which one peptide is most likely mediated by calpain‐2. Our findings contribute to the characterization of this animal model and include possible peptide markers of disease.
Aging of ADN Rocket Propellant Formulations with Desmophen®‐Based Elastomer Binder
Authors: Cerri Sara , Bohn Manfred A. , Menke Klaus , Galfetti Luciano
Published: May 2014

Desmophen® binder‐based rocket propellant formulations containing ammonium dinitramide (ADN) and different fuel filler types (Al, HMX) were manufactured and investigated. Desmophen® D2220 is a polyesterpolyol. Polyesters are seen as a binder possibility, because of the relatively low temperature of the glass transition region compared to polyether‐based prepolymers such as GAP. The analogous formulations with AP instead of ADN were also included for comparison. The aging was followed by SEM, DSC, and DMA measurements. The accelerated aging program was developed on the principle of thermal equivalent load and the generalized van’t Hoff rule with a scaling factor equal to F=2.9. The aging was performed in air (RH<10 %) at temperature values between 65 and 85 °C and aging times adjusted to a thermal equivalent load of 15 years at 25 °C. DMA measurements of the aged ADN/Desmophen®‐based propellants identified changes in the loss factor curve. In contrast to HTPB‐Al‐AP rocket propellant formulations, the loss factor curve of the ADN formulations with Desmophen®‐based elastomer binder shows only one main apparent peak. The loss factor curves were modeled with exponentially modified Gaussian functions, which have revealed the presence of a second hidden peak. It was found that the aging could be characterized by the time‐temperature dependence of the areas of the hidden peak. The area increased with aging, which is explained by scissioning of the polymer in the shell around the ADN particles. By this process the strength is reduced, which was recognized by the decrease in storage shear modulus.
A review on Arctic sea‐ice predictability and prediction on seasonal to decadal time‐scales
Authors: Guemas Virginie , Blanchard‐Wrigglesworth Edward , Chevallier Matthieu , Day Jonathan J. , Déqué Michel , Doblas‐Reyes Francisco J. , Fučkar Neven S. , Germe Agathe , Hawkins Ed , Keeley Sarah , Koenigk Torben , Salas y Mélia David , Tietsche Steffen
Published: May 2014

Sea ice plays a crucial role in the Earth's energy and water budget and has a substantial impact on local and remote atmospheric and oceanic circulations. Predictions of Arctic sea‐ice conditions a few months to a few years in advance could be of interest for stakeholders. This article presents a review of the potential sources of Arctic sea‐ice predictability on these time‐scales. Predictability mainly originates from persistence or advection of sea‐ice anomalies, interactions with the ocean and atmosphere and changes in radiative forcing. After estimating the inherent potential predictability limit with state‐of‐the‐art models, current sea‐ice forecast systems are described, together with their performance. Finally, some challenges and issues in sea‐ice forecasting are presented, along with suggestions for future research priorities.
srcSlice: very efficient and scalable forward static slicing
Authors: Alomari Hakam W. , Collard Michael L. , Maletic Jonathan I. , Alhindawi Nouh , Meqdadi Omar
Published: May 2014

A highly efficient lightweight forward static slicing approach is presented and evaluated. The approach does not compute the program/system dependence graph but instead dependence and control information is computed as needed while computing the slice on a variable. The result is a list of line numbers, dependent variables, aliases, and function calls that are part of the slice for all variables (both local and global) for the entire system. The method is implemented as a tool, called srcSlice, on top of srcML, an XML representation of source code. The approach is highly scalable and can generate the slices for all variables of the Linux kernel in approximately 20 min on a typical desktop. Benchmark results are compared with the CodeSurfer slicing tool from GrammaTech Inc., and the approach compares well with regard to accuracy of slices. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Essential Pain Management: An Educational Program for Health Care Workers
Authors: Goucke C. Roger , Jackson Tracy , Morriss Wayne , Royle Jane
Published: May 2014

Background

Education for health care workers on pain‐related topics is not always readily available, and this is especially so in low and middle income countries (LMICs). The Essential Pain Management program (EPM) has been developed to offer a simple interactive educational opportunity for health care workers in LMICs.

Methods

Following a needs analysis in Papua New Guinea, an 8 h educational program with the aims of improving pain knowledge and providing a simple pain management framework was developed. An evaluation of the program using the Kirkpatrick model is being used. The program has a “teach the teachers” component to encourage sustainability.

Results

The program has been run in 30 countries, delivered to 1,600 participants, and 340 instructors have been trained. Feedback has been positive, pre post testing in 27 sites showed a mean pre score of 65.89 % rising to 75.23 % (n = 581 respondents). A subanalysis demonstrates doctors and nurses improving by similar degrees. When local instructors have delivered the program after attending the trainer’s session the participant test results were comparable to the results seen when the overseas instructors taught the course.

Discussion

The widespread adoption of the EPM program suggests there is a need for pain education in LMICs. The teach the teachers component of the program and the comparable results from their teaching should contribute to sustainability. Further support and mentoring using electronic systems such as Facebook, text messaging, and a website may also contribute to sustainability.
Mg-chelatase I subunit 1 and Mg-protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase affect the stomatal aperture in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Tomiyama Masakazu , Inoue Shin-ichiro , Tsuzuki Tomo , Soda Midori , Morimoto Sayuri , Okigaki Yukiko , Ohishi Takaya , Mochizuki Nobuyoshi , Takahashi Koji , Kinoshita Toshinori
Published: May 2014

To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of stomatal opening and closure, we performed a genetic screen using infrared thermography to isolate stomatal aperture mutants. We identified a mutant designatedlow temperature with open-stomata 1(lost1), which exhibited reduced leaf temperature, wider stomatal aperture, and a pale green phenotype. Map-based analysis of theLOST1locus revealed that thelost1mutant resulted from a missense mutation in theMg-chelatase I subunit 1(CHLI1) gene, which encodes a subunit of the Mg-chelatase complex involved in chlorophyll synthesis. Transformation of the wild-typeCHLI1gene intolost1complemented alllost1phenotypes. Stomata inlost1exhibited a partial ABA-insensitive phenotype similar to that ofrtl1, aMg-chelatase H subunitmissense mutant. TheMg-protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase(CHLM) gene encodes a subsequent enzyme in the chlorophyll synthesis pathway. We examined stomatal movement in aCHLMknockdown mutant,chlm, and found that it also exhibited an ABA-insensitive phenotype. However,lost1andchlmseedlings all showed normal expression of ABA-induced genes, such asRAB18andRD29B, in response to ABA. These results suggest that the chlorophyll synthesis enzymes, Mg-chelatase complex and CHLM, specifically affect ABA signaling in the control of stomatal aperture and have no effect on ABA-induced gene expression.
Volunteering and the Dimensions of Religiosity: A Cross-National Analysis
Authors: Paxton Pamela , Reith Nicholas E. , Glanville Jennifer L.
Published: May 2014

Religion and volunteerism are closely linked, but which aspects of religiosity matter most for volunteering? This article predicts volunteering with a multi-dimensional model of private and public religiosity using a sample of 9,464 respondents from 15 Western European countries. An interaction between private and public religiosity is also theorized and tested. Three dimensions of private religiosity (religious salience, prayer, and belief) are significant in predicting volunteering, and each has a significant interaction effect with public religiosity, measured by religious attendance. The influence of public and private religiosity on volunteering, and their interaction, differ by religious affiliation.
Creating an educationally minded schedule: one approach to minimize the impact of duty hour standards on intern continuity clinic experience
Authors: DeBlasio Dominick , Kerrey M. Kathleen , Sucharew Heidi , Klein Melissa
Published: May 2014

To determine if implementing an educationally minded schedule utilizing consecutive night shifts can moderate the impact of the 2011 duty hour standards on education and patient continuity of care in longitudinal primary care experience (continuity clinic). A 14-month pre–post study was performed in continuity clinic with one supervising physician group and two intern groups. Surveys to assess attitudes and education were distributed to the supervising physicians and interns before and after the changes in duty hour standards. Intern groups’ schedules were reviewed for the number of regular and alternative day clinic (i.e. primary care experience on a different weekday) sessions and patient continuity of care. Fifteen supervising physicians and 51 interns participated (25 in 2011, 26 in 2012). Intern groups’ comfort when discussing patient issues, educational needs and teamwork perception did not differ. Supervising physicians’ understanding of learning needs and provision of feedback did not differ between groups. Supervising physicians indicated a greater ability to provide feedback and understand learning needs during regular continuity clinic sessions compared with alternative day clinics (all p < 0.05). No significant difference was detected between intern groups in the number of regularly scheduled continuity clinics, alternative day clinics or patient continuity of care. The 2011 duty hour standards required significant alterations to intern schedules, but educationally minded scheduling limited impact on education and patient continuity in care.
An analysis of the smartphone dictionary app market
Authors: Winestock Christopher , Jeong Young-kuk
Published: May 2014

In this paper, an analysis of the smartphone dictionary app market is presented. The three types of business models used between dictionary publishers and software developers are listed as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Next, the Apple App Store and Google Play, the main online stores selling dictionary apps, are described in terms of their market share and revenue. Although the Apple App Store is currently in the lead, Google Play is catching up very quickly, particularly in Japan and South Korea. An estimate of the dictionary market as a percentage of all apps is given next. In both the Apple App Store and Google Play, dictionaries account for 0.22–1.21 % of the app store income, depending on the country. Dictionary apps, however, do not appear in the top 200 grossing apps of any app store and hence are not great money earners in the league of games and productivity apps. The number of free and paid dictionary apps in Google Play and the Apple App Store is next calculated and conclusions about the differences in quality and price of dictionaries in the two stores are explained. By studying the features of top grossing apps, an attempt is made to identify the characteristics of top selling dictionary apps. Other business models of dictionary apps, such as freemiums and in-app purchases, are explored and finally the future of the dictionary app market in light of competing products is described.
Incorporation of Victim Size in an Examination of Consumer Ethics in South Korea
Authors: Lee Jungki , Fullerton Sam
Published: May 2014

The concept of consumer misbehaviour has become a subject of significant inquiry in recent years. A sample of 239 adults in South Korea provided insight regarding their judgment about the appropriateness of 12 questionable actions undertaken by consumers. The survey used multiple versions that allowed for the manipulation of the scenarios to reflect either a large or a small organisation as the victim of the consumers’ actions. The results indicate that South Korean consumers are open to some questionable behaviour, but opposed to others – thus reflecting the situational nature of ethics. The results also document the fact that the size of the victimized organisation is related to the perceived acceptability of the questionable act. The results in this regard were not as predictable as one might expect; however, plausible explanations for this apparent paradox are presented. Managerial implications and future research directions are provided.
Fronto-limbic disconnection in bipolar disorder
Authors: Radaelli D. , Sferrazza Papa G. , Vai B. , Poletti S. , Smeraldi E. , Colombo C. , Benedetti F.
Published: May 2014

Background:

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe, disabling and life-threatening illness. Disturbances in emotion and affective processing are core features of the disorder with affective instability being paralleled by mood-congruent biases in information processing that influence evaluative processes and social judgment. Several lines of evidence, coming from neuropsychological and imaging studies, suggest that disrupted neural connectivity could play a role in the mechanistic explanation of these cognitive and emotional symptoms. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effective connectivity in a sample of bipolar patients.

Methods:

Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) technique was used to study 52 inpatients affected by bipolar disorders consecutively admitted to San Raffaele hospital in Milano and forty healthy subjects. A face-matching task was used as activation paradigm.

Results:

Patients with BD showed a significantly reduced endogenous connectivity in the DLPFC to Amy connection. There was no significant group effect upon the endogenous connection from Amy to ACC, from ACC to Amy and from DLPFC to ACC.

Conclusions:

Both DLPFC and ACC are part of a network implicated in emotion regulation and share strong reciprocal connections with the amygdale. The pattern of abnormal or reduced connectivity between DLPFC and amygdala may reflect abnormal modulation of mood and emotion typical of bipolar patients.
The SATISPSY-22: Development and validation of a French hospitalized patients’ satisfaction questionnaire in psychiatry
Authors: Zendjidjian X.Y. , Auquier P. , Lançon C. , Loundou A. , Parola N. , Faugère M. , Boyer L.
Published: May 2014

Objective:

The aim of our study was to develop a specific French self-administered instrument for measuring hospitalized patients’ satisfaction in psychiatry based on exclusive patient point of view: the SATISPSY-22.

Methods:

The development of the SATISPSY was undertaken in three steps: item generation, item reduction, and validation. The content of the SATISPSY was derived from 80 interviews with patients hospitalized in psychiatry. Using item response and classical test theories, item reduction was performed in 2 hospitals on 270 responders. The validation was based on construct validity, reliability, and some aspects of external validity.

Results:

The SATISPSY contains 22 items describing 6 dimensions (staff, quality of care, personal experience, information, activity, and food). The six-factor structure accounted for 78.0% of the total variance. Each item achieved the 0.40 standard for item-internal consistency, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficients were > 0.70. Scores of dimensions were strongly positively correlated with Visual Analogue Scale scores. Significant associations with socioeconomic and clinical indicators showed good discriminant and external validity. INFIT statistics were ranged from 0.71 to 1.25.

Conclusions:

The SATISPSY-22 presents satisfactory psychometric properties, enabling patient feedback to be incorporated in a continuous quality health care improvement strategy.
Word of mouth and interpersonal communication: A review and directions for future research
Authors: Berger Jonah
Published: May 2014

People often share opinions and information with their social ties, and word of mouth has an important impact on consumer behavior. But what drives interpersonal communication and why do people talk about certain things rather than others? This article argues that word of mouth is goal driven and serves five key functions (i.e., impression management, emotion regulation, information acquisition, social bonding, and persuasion). Importantly, I suggest these motivations are predominantly self‐ (rather than other) serving and drive what people talk about even without their awareness. Further, these drivers make predictions about the types of news and information people are most likely to discuss. This article reviews the five proposed functions and well as how contextual factors (i.e., audience and communication channel) may moderate which functions play a larger role. Taken together, the paper provides insight into the psychological factors that shape word of mouth and outlines additional questions that deserve further study.
STATE-DEPENDENT FEES FOR VARIABLE ANNUITY GUARANTEES
Authors: Bernard Carole , Hardy Mary , Mackay Anne
Published: May 2014

For variable annuity policies, management fees for the most basic guarantees are charged at a constant rate throughout the term of the policy. This creates a misalignment of risk and income – the fee income is low when the option value is high, and vice versa. In turn, this may create adverse incentives for policyholders, for example, encouraging surrenders when the options are far out-of-the-money.

In this paper, we explore a new fee structure for variable annuities, where the fee rate supporting the cost of guarantees depends on the moneyness of those guarantees. We derive formulas for calculating the fee rates assuming fees are paid only when the guarantees are in-the-money, or are close to being in-the-money, and we illustrate with some numerical examples. We investigate the effect of this new fee structure on the surrender decision.
Prevalence rates and risk factors for mental health difficulties in adolescents aged 16 and 17 years living in rural Ireland
Authors: Martyn D. , Andrews L. , Byrne M.
Published: May 2014

Objective

This study sought to ascertain the prevalence rates and risk factors for a range of mental health difficulties, including suicidal ideation/self-harm among 16 and 17-year-old rural Irish adolescents, a vulnerable group in transition from childhood to adulthood.

Method

Adolescents (n=237) took part in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed a questionnaire compendium consisting of generic questions on demographic information, use of mental health services and four normed questionnaires: The Youth Self-Report, the Children’s Depression Inventory, the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations-Adolescent and The Family Assessment Device.

Results

We found that 16.9% of adolescents reported clinically significant mental health difficulties. Significant gender differences were found on internalising and externalising difficulties. There were no gender differences in suicidal ideation or self-harm. Only 3.4% of adolescents were receiving professional help for mental health difficulties. Multiple regression analyses revealed that family dysfunction, emotion-focussed coping and poor academic competence were significant predictors of poorer mental health difficulties in both genders. Family dysfunction was the strongest predictor of mental health difficulties in males. Among females, emotion-focussed coping was the strongest predictor of internalising difficulties and depression. Social diversion (social support) was predictive of less internalising difficulties and depression for females.

Conclusion

The study shows that a significant number of Irish 16 and 17 year olds have mental health difficulties, yet very few are receiving treatment. Emotion-focussed coping, family dysfunction, poor academic competence and less social support were important predictors of mental health difficulties. A new finding is the stronger association that family dysfunction has with poorer mental health in males than females, when controlling for academic competence and coping skills. The findings may have implications for psychological interventions.
First instability and structural sensitivity of the flow past two side-by-side cylinders
Authors: Carini M. , Giannetti F. , Auteri F.
Published: May 2014

The onset of two-dimensional instabilities in the flow past two side-by-side circular cylinders is numerically investigated in the ranges $0.1\leq g\leq 3$ and $\mathit{Re}<100$, with $g$ being the non-dimensional gap spacing between the surfaces of the two cylinders and $\mathit{Re}$ the Reynolds number. A comprehensive, global stability analysis of the symmetric base flow is carried out, indicating that three harmonic modes and one steady antisymmetric mode become unstable at different values of $g$ and $\mathit{Re}$. These modes are known to promote distinct flow regimes at increasing values of $g$: single bluff-body, asymmetric, in-phase and antiphase synchronized vortex shedding. For each mode, the inherent structural sensitivity is examined in order to identify the core region of the related instability mechanism. In addition, by exploiting the structural sensitivity analysis to base flow modifications, a passive control strategy is proposed for the simultaneous suppression of the two synchronized shedding modes using two small secondary cylinders. Its effectiveness is then validated a posteriori by means of direct numerical simulations.
Laboratory experiments on counter-propagating collisions of solitary waves. Part 1. Wave interactions
Authors: Chen Yongshuai , Yeh Harry
Published: May 2014

Collisions of counter-propagating solitary waves are investigated experimentally. Precision measurements of water-surface profiles are made with the use of the laser induced fluorescence (LIF) technique. During the collision, the maximum wave amplitude exceeds that calculated by the superposition of the incident solitary waves, and agrees well with both the asymptotic prediction of Su & Mirie (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 98, 1980, pp. 509–525) and the numerical simulation of Craig et al. (Phys. Fluids, vol. 18, 2006, 057106). The collision causes attenuation in wave amplitude: the larger the wave, the greater the relative reduction in amplitude. The collision also leaves imprints on the interacting waves with phase shifts and small dispersive trailing waves. Maxworthy’s (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 76, 1976, pp. 177–185) experimental results show that the phase shift is independent of incident wave amplitude. On the contrary, our laboratory results exhibit the dependence of wave amplitude that is in support of Su & Mirie’s theory. Though the dispersive trailing waves are very small and transient, the measured amplitude and wavelength are in good agreement with Su & Mirie’s theory. Furthermore, we investigate the symmetric head-on collision of the highest waves possible in our laboratory. Our laboratory results show that the runup and rundown of the collision are not simple reversible processes. The rundown motion causes penetration of the water surface below the still-water level. This penetration causes the post-collision waveform to be asymmetric, with each departing wave tilting slightly backward with respect to the direction of its propagation; the penetration is also the origin of the secondary dispersive trailing wavetrain. The present work extends the studies of head-on collisions to oblique collisions. The theory of Su & Mirie, which was developed only for head-on collisions, predicts well in oblique collision cases, which suggests that the obliqueness of the collision may not be important for this ‘weak’ interaction process.
A NOTE ON SPACES WITH A RANK 3-DIAGONAL
Authors: XUAN WEI-FENG , SHI WEI-XUE
Published: May 2014

We prove that if $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}X$ is a space satisfying the discrete countable chain condition with a rank 3-diagonal then the cardinality of $X$ is at most $\mathfrak{c}$.
Improving the inference of population genetic structure in the presence of related individuals
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ-RAMILO SILVIA T. , TORO MIGUEL A. , WANG JINLIANG , FERNÁNDEZ JESÚS
Published: May 2014

It is well known that the presence of related individuals can affect the inference of population genetic structure from molecular data. This has been verified, for example, on the unsupervised Bayesian clustering algorithm implemented in the software STRUCTURE. This methodology assumes, among others, Hardy–Weinberg and linkage equilibrium within subpopulations. The existence of groups of close relatives, such as full-sib families, may prevent these assumptions to be fulfilled, causing the algorithm to work suboptimally. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the presence of related individuals on a different methodology (implemented in CLUSTER_DIST) for population genetic structure inference. This approach arranges individuals to maximize the genetic distance between groups and does not make Hardy–Weinberg and linkage equilibrium assumptions. We study the robustness of this approach to the presence of close relatives in a sample using simulated scenarios involving combinations of several factors, including the number of subpopulations, the level of differentiation between them, the number, size and type (full or half-sibs) of families in a sample, and the type and number of molecular markers available for clustering analysis. Results indicate that the methodology that maximizes the genetic distance between subpopulations is less influenced by the presence of related individuals than the program STRUCTURE. Therefore, the former can be used, in combination with the program STRUCTURE, to analyse population genetic structure when related individuals are suspected to be present in a sample.
Myth, resistance, and identity in Timor-Leste's Nino Conis Santana National Park
Authors: McClean Nick
Published: May 2014

Since the end of the Indonesian occupation of Timor-Leste in 1999, a significant revival of local cultures and identities in public life has been occurring. In this article I discuss aspects of identity and culture among Fataluku-speaking people in relation to the recent establishment of the Nino Conis Santana National Park over much of their homeland. Today Fataluku cultural and historical stories provide a basis for their status as an autonomous and sovereign cultural group, as well as a legacy of intercultural negotiation and alliance that arguably reflects regional patterns of migration and social change over thousands of years. With the park's 15,000 residents continuing to rely on its forests and reefs for subsistence, recent restrictions on hunting have highlighted the need for increased local community support if the park is to achieve its conservation aims. I argue that long-standing traditions surrounding the negotiation of social and political change within Fataluku society provide a potential basis for cooperation with the new nation–state and for developing community-oriented park management policies.
Design and fuzzy control of a robotic gripper for efficient strawberry harvesting
Authors: Dimeas Fotios , Sako Dhionis V. , Moulianitis Vassilis C. , Aspragathos Nikos A.
Published: May 2014

Strawberry is a very delicate fruit that requires special treatment during harvesting. A hierarchical control scheme is proposed based on a fuzzy controller for the force regulation of the gripper and proper grasping criteria, that can detect misplaced strawberries on the gripper or uneven distribution of forces. The design of the gripper and the controller are based on conducted experiments to measure the maximum gripping force and the required detachment force under a variety of detachment techniques. It is demonstrated that the hand motion for detaching the fruit from the stem has a significant role in the process because it can reduce the required force. By analysing those results a robotic gripper with pressure profile sensors is developed that demonstrates an efficiency comparable to the human hand for strawberry grasping. The designed gripper and fuzzy controller performance is tested with a considerable number of fresh fruits to demonstrate the effectiveness to the uncertainties of strawberry grasping.
Friendship Quality and Psychosocial Outcomes among Children with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Heverly-Fitt Sara , Wimsatt Maureen A. , Menzer Melissa M. , Rubin Kenneth H. , Dennis Maureen , Taylor H. Gerry , Stancin Terry , Gerhardt Cynthia A. , Vannatta Kathryn , Bigler Erin D. , Yeates Keith Owen
Published: May 2014

This study examined differences in friendship quality between children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and orthopedic injury (OI) and behavioral outcomes for children from both groups. Participants were 41 children with TBI and 43 children with OI (Mage=10.4). Data were collected using peer- and teacher-reported measures of participants’ social adjustment and parent-reported measures of children’s post-injury behaviors. Participants and their mutually nominated best friends also completed a measure of the quality of their friendships. Children with TBI reported significantly more support and satisfaction in their friendships than children with OI. Children with TBI and their mutual best friend were more similar in their reports of friendship quality compared to children with OI and their mutual best friends. Additionally, for children with TBI who were rejected by peers, friendship support buffered against maladaptive psychosocial outcomes, and predicted skills related to social competence. Friendship satisfaction was related to higher teacher ratings of social skills for the TBI group only. Positive and supportive friendships play an important role for children with TBI, especially for those not accepted by peers. Such friendships may protect children with TBI who are rejected against maladaptive psychosocial outcomes, and promote skills related to social competence. (JINS, 2014,21, 1–10)
Mediterranean diet and non-fatal acute myocardial infarction: a case–control study from Italy
Authors: Turati Federica , Pelucchi Claudio , Galeone Carlotta , Praud Delphine , Tavani Alessandra , La Vecchia Carlo
Published: May 2014

Objective

To add epidemiological data on the association of adherence to the Mediterranean diet with non-fatal acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a Southern European population.

Design

Hospital-based case–control study. Conformity to the traditional Mediterranean diet was assessed through a score (i.e. the Mediterranean diet score, MDS) based on nine dietary components (high consumption of vegetables, legumes, fruit and nuts, cereals, and fish and seafood; high ratio of monounsaturated to saturated lipids; low consumption of dairy and meat; and moderate alcohol consumption). The score ranged between 0 (lowest adherence) and 9 (highest adherence). The association of the MDS, or its components, with the risk of AMI was evaluated through multiple logistic regression models, controlling for potential confounding variables.

Setting

The study was conducted in the greater Milan area (Italy) between 1995 and 2003.

Subjects

Seven hundred and sixty patients with a first episode of non-fatal AMI and 682 controls.

Results

High consumption of vegetables and legumes were inversely associated with non-fatal AMI risk. As compared with MDS<4, the OR of non-fatal AMI were 0·85 (95 % CI 0·65, 1·12) for MDS of 4–5 and 0·55 (95 % CI 0·40, 0·75) for MDS≥6, with a trend in risk (P<0·01). Results were consistent in strata of selected risk factors and an apparently stronger association emerged for individuals with a lower BMI.

Conclusions

The Mediterranean diet is inversely associated with the risk of non-fatal AMI in this Southern European population.
The Evolution of the Definite Article in Old High German
Authors: Kraiss Andrew
Published: May 2014

This paper is an investigation of the early use of the Old High German demonstrative as a definite article. Previous work has often failed to take into account the many ways that the definite article can be employed or the fact that new grammatical structures sometimes evolve over great lengths of time. This paper discusses the evolutionary process and stages of article use in three individual OHG documents, the Isidor translation, the Tatian translation, and Otfrid's Evangelien-buch, the three longest OHG documents in Franconian dialects. It proposes that a definite article did exist from the earliest recorded examples of OHG although with differing uses at different times (and places).*
An Acoustic Investigation of R-Umlaut in Old Norse
Authors: Painter Robert K. , Dery Jeruen E.
Published: May 2014

The fronting of back vowels before the segment represented by the runealgwizin Old Norse (Runic:kūRON:kýr‘cows’) is problematic because there is no consensus on the phonetic value to be reconstructed for the conditioner, a reflex of Proto-Germanic+/z/. This study presents an acoustic experiment testing the fronting effect of codas [z], [ʒ], and [ɹ] on realizations of the representative back vowel /u/, as these are possible reconstructed values ofalgwiz. Based on observed coarticulation, we argue that a voiced alveolar fricative [z]—and not postalveolar [ʒ] or rhotic [ɹ]—is the best reconstruction for the conditioner of R-umlaut, and that this reflex of PGmc+/z/ in North Germaniccaused umlaut before rhotacism and merger with PGmc+/r/.
Bonus–Malus systems with Weibull distributed claim severities
Authors: Ni Weihong , Constantinescu Corina , Pantelous Athanasios A.
Published: May 2014

One of the pricing strategies for Bonus–Malus (BM) systems relies on the decomposition of the claims’ randomness into one part accounting for claims’ frequency and the other part for claims’ severity. By mixing an exponential with a Lévy distribution, we focus on modelling the claim severity component as a Weibull distribution. For a Negative Binomial number of claims, we employ the Bayesian approach to derive the BM premiums for Weibull severities. We then conclude by comparing our explicit formulas and numerical results with those for Pareto severities that were introduced by Frangos & Vrontos.
Environmental Non-Governmental Organizations and Russian Environmental Governance: Accountability, Participation and Collaboration
Authors: Sofronova Ekaterina , Holley Cameron , Nagarajan Vijaya
Published: May 2014

This article examines the role of environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) in Russia and the impact of tightening governmental accountability measures. Drawing on 18 interviews conducted in 2012–13 with Russian and international ENGOs, the article examines three key governance issues, namely: the collaborative relationship between the state and ENGOs, the impact of accountability measures on ENGO activities, and the relationships between ENGOs themselves. The findings reveal that ENGOs maintain a legitimate and effective role within Russian environmental governance. However, their legitimacy and success is significantly limited and threatened by increasing accountability measures and state actions. The article accordingly identifies a number of recommendations for increasing the likelihood of successful ENGO action in Russian environmental governance, including improving ENGO collaboration with the state and resolving tensions between participation and accountability.
Hemodynamic Response in a Geographical Word Naming Verbal Fluency Test
Authors: Marino Julian , Redondo Santiago , Luna Fernando G. , Sanchez Luis M. , Torres Gustavo Foa
Published: May 2014

Functional hemodynamic response was studied in a new Verbal Fluency Task (VFT) that demanded the production of geographical words while fMRI data was obtained. Participants completed 7 trials with a total duration of 2 min. 20 s. Four simple arithmetic subtraction trials were alternated with 3 geographical naming trials. Each trial had a duration of 20 s. Brain activity was contrasted between both conditions and significant differences (p < .05, Family Wise Error correction) were observed in the prefrontal medial gyrus, typically associated with word retrieval and phonological awareness, and in the parahippocampal gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex and lingual gyrus, areas related to spatial cognition. These results indicate that geographic VFT could be incorporated into a browser of cognitive processes using VFT considering its specific relationship with spatial cognition. Further investigations are proposed, taking special interest in the gender variable and eliminating phonological restrictions, because the evoked Argentinean cities and towns ended in a consonant letter.
Micropatterning neuronal networks
Authors: Hardelauf Heike , Waide Sarah , Sisnaiske Julia , Jacob Peter , Hausherr Vanessa , Schöbel Nicole , Janasek Dirk , van Thriel Christoph , West Jonathan
Published: May 2014

A simple and effective method for patterning primary neuronal networks and circuits.
Attenuation of interference in collision/reaction cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, using helium and hydrogen as cell gases – application to multi-element analysis of mastic gum
Authors: Rousis Nikolaos I. , Pasias Ioannis N. , Thomaidis Nikolaos S.
Published: May 2014

A collision/reaction cell ICP-MS was used to develop a method for the multi-element determination of Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Cs, Ba, Hg and Pb in mastic gum.
Sensitive fluorescence “off–on” switch system for catechins detection based on water-soluble polythiophene derivatives
Authors: Liu Yiming , Meng Xue , Pei Meishan , Zhang Guangyou , Li Huizhi
Published: May 2014

A new method to detect CCs was established successfully by designing a fluorescence “off–on” probe based on water-soluble polythiophene derivatives.
Kinetic approach to hyper-doped optical quality thin films
Authors: Campbell Adam L. O. , Lei Qiong , Tak Yip Wai
Published: May 2014

Kinetic doping of 0.5 mM R6G to silica thin films dramatically enhances doping efficiency compared to traditional approaches such as pre- and post-doping.
Intrinsic bioconjugation for site-specific protein PEGylation at N-terminal serine
Authors: Levine Paul M. , Craven Timothy W. , Bonneau Richard , Kirshenbaum Kent
Published: May 2014

A rapid and site-specific method to introduce PEG chains onto the N-terminus of peptides and proteins through native amide linkages at serine is described.
A highly efficient mesoscopic solar cell based on CH3NH3PbI3−xClxfabricated via sequential solution deposition
Authors: Ma Yingzhuang , Zheng Lingling , Chung Yao-Hsien , Chu Saisai , Xiao Lixin , Chen Zhijian , Wang Shufeng , Qu Bo , Gong Qihuang , Wu Zhaoxin , Hou Xun
Published: May 2014

A mixed halide perovskite of CH3NH3PbI3–xClxis synthesizedviasequential solution deposition by using a mixture of PbCl2and PbI2as the precursor with 11.7% power conversion efficiency for the mesoscopic cell.
Height dependent molecular trapping in stacked cyclic porphyrin nanorings
Authors: Wieland Maria B. , Perdigão Luis M. A. , Kondratuk Dmitry V. , O’Shea James N. , Anderson Harry L. , Beton Peter H.
Published: May 2014

Stacked cyclic porphyrin nanorings function as traps for fullerene molecules dependent on stack height and diameter of the nanoring.
Glycoligand-targeted core–shell nanospheres with tunable drug release profiles from calixarene–cyclodextrin heterodimers
Authors: Gallego-Yerga Laura , Lomazzi Michela , Sansone Francesco , Ortiz Mellet Carmen , Casnati Alessandro , García Fernández José M.
Published: May 2014

Calixarene–cyclodextrin heterodimers self-assemble in water into core–shell nanoparticles that can be decorated with glycoligands for site-specific drug delivery.
A chiral BINOL-bridged imidazole dimer possessing sub-millisecond fast photochromism
Authors: Iwasaki Takahiro , Kato Tetsuya , Kobayashi Yoichi , Abe Jiro
Published: May 2014

We developed a chiral BINOL-bridged imidazole dimer which acts as a 100 μs fast photochromic switch with high durability.
CuAAC “click” active-template synthesis of functionalised [2]rotaxanes using small exo-substituted macrocycles: how small is too small?
Authors: Noor Asif , Lo Warrick K. C. , Moratti Stephen C. , Crowley James D.
Published: May 2014

A small readily synthesised 24-memberedexo-alcohol functionalised pyridyl macrocycle can be exploited in the CuAAC active-template synthesis of functionalised [2]rotaxanes.
Selection of aptamers targeting the sialic acid receptor of hemagglutinin by epitope-specific SELEX
Authors: Lao Yeh-Hsing , Chiang Hui-Yu , Yang Deng-Kai , Peck Konan , Chen Lin-Chi
Published: May 2014

Epitope-specific SELEX is reported for effective selection of aptamers against a native protein's functional epitope. Anti-sialic acid receptor aptamers are selected. Hemagglutination inhibition and structural evidence are provided to prove the aptamers.
Controlling the window size in mesoporous SBA-16
Authors: Qin L. , Sakamoto Y. , Anderson M. W.
Published: May 2014

Dotted line: constant mean curvature with Im3̄m symmetry. Solid surface: electron density map of calcined SBA-16.
A DFT study on carbon monoxide adsorption onto hydroxylated α-Al2O3(0001) surfaces
Authors: Rohmann C. , Metson J. B. , Idriss H.
Published: May 2014

The adsorption of CO onto the hydroxylated α-Al2O3(0001) surface was studied using density functional theory (DFT). Red: surface O; purple: surface Al; green: O of OH; white: H of OH; orange: CO.
Synthesis, structural and photo-physical studies of bismuth(iii) complexes with Janus scorpionate and co-ligands
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Mix Andreas , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans-Georg , Monkowius Uwe , Bleckenwegner Petra , Mitzel Norbert W.
Published: May 2014

Mixed bismuth complexes exhibiting unprecedented (B)H⋯Bi interactions and interesting photophysical behaviour are reported.
Di-, tri- and tetranuclear molecular vanadium phosphonates: a chloride encapsulated tetranuclear bowl
Authors: Sahoo Dipankar , Suriyanarayanan Ramakirushnan , Chandrasekhar Vadapalli
Published: May 2014

Synthesis and characterization of three dinuclear, two dinuclear and one tetranuclear vanadium phosphonates is being reported. These include a chloride encapsulated tetranuclear bowl-shaped complex.
Uranyl-oxo coordination directed by non-covalent interactions
Authors: Lewis Andrew J. , Yin Haolin , Carroll Patrick J. , Schelter Eric J.
Published: May 2014

Directed coordination of weakly Lewis acidic K+ ions to weakly Lewis basic uranyl oxo ligands is accomplished through non-covalent cation–π and cation–F interactions for the first time.
Synthesis, structure, and peculiar green emission of NaBaBO3:Ce3+ phosphors
Authors: Yu Ruijin , Zhong Shengliang , Xue Na , Li Hongjuan , Ma Hailong
Published: May 2014

Polycrystalline samples of Ce3+-doped NaBaBO3 (0.5–15 mol%) were prepared by the solid-phase synthesis.
Manganese-mefenamic acid complexes exhibit high lipoxygenase inhibitory activity
Authors: Feng Jie , Du Xin , Liu Hui , Sui Xin , Zhang Chen , Tang Yun , Zhang Jingyan
Published: May 2014

The coordination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to metal ions could improve the pharmaceutical efficacy of NSAIDs due to the unique characteristics of metal complexes.
Measurement and control of detailed electronic properties in a single molecule break junction
Authors: Wang Kun , Hamill Joseph , Zhou Jianfeng , Guo Cunlan , Xu Bingqian
Published: May 2014

The lack of detailed experimental controls has been one of the major obstacles hindering progress in molecular electronics. While large fluctuations have been occurring in the experimental data, specific details, related mechanisms, and data analysis techniques are in high demand to promote our physical understanding at the single-molecule level. A series of modulations we recently developed, based on traditional scanning probe microscopy break junctions (SPMBJs), have helped to discover significant properties in detail which are hidden in the contact interfaces of a single-molecule break junction (SMBJ). For example, in the past we have shown that the correlated force and conductance changes under the saw tooth modulation and stretch–hold mode of PZT movement revealed inherent differences in the contact geometries of a molecular junction. In this paper, using a bias-modulated SPMBJ and utilizing emerging data analysis techniques, we report on the measurement of the altered alignment of the HOMO of benzene molecules with changing the anchoring group which coupled the molecule to metal electrodes. Further calculations based on Landauer fitting and transition voltage spectroscopy (TVS) demonstrated the effects of modulated bias on the location of the frontier molecular orbitals. Understanding the alignment of the molecular orbitals with the Fermi level of the electrodes is essential for understanding the behaviour of SMBJs and for the future design of more complex devices. With these modulations and analysis techniques, fruitful information has been found about the nature of the metal–molecule junction, providing us insightful clues towards the next step for in-depth study.
High levels of Bifidobacteria are associated with increased levels of anthocyanin microbial metabolites: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Boto-Ordóñez María , Urpi-Sarda Mireia , Queipo-Ortuño María Isabel , Tulipani Sara , Tinahones Francisco J. , Andres-Lacueva Cristina
Published: May 2014

The health benefits associated with the consumption of polyphenol-rich foods have been studied in depth, however, the full mechanism of action remains unknown.
Sulfonic acid functionalized hyperbranched poly(ether sulfone) as a solid acid catalyst
Authors: Nabae Yuta , Liang Jie , Huang Xuhui , Hayakawa Teruaki , Kakimoto Masa-aki
Published: May 2014

Sulfonic acid functionalized hyperbranched poly(ether sulfone) (SHBPES) was studied as a novel type of solid acid catalyst.
Facile gold nanorod purification by fractionated precipitation
Authors: Thai T. , Zheng Y. , Ng S. H. , Ohshima H. , Altissimo M. , Bach U.
Published: May 2014

An efficient and facile size- and shape-selective separation of gold nanorod (GNR) solutions is developed using a fractionated precipitation strategy.
Polymorphic phase transition among the titania crystal structures using a solution-based approach: from precursor chemistry to nucleation process
Authors: Kumar S. Girish , Rao K. S. R. Koteswara
Published: May 2014

Feasible phase transformation pathways among titania polymorphs.