bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epoxy/polyurethane nanocomposite coatings for anti-erosion/wear applications: A review
Authors: Bahramnia Hamed , Mohammadian Semnani Hamidreza , Habibolahzadeh Ali , Abdoos Hassan
Published: March 2020

Offshore pipelines are vulnerable against erosion/wear deterioration mechanisms that can be controlled through the use of proper surface coatings, such as polymer matrix nano-composite (PMNC) coatings that are well-known for their ease of production, availability and applicability. Epoxy, as a versatile rigid and brittle resin and polyurethane with proper chemical/mechanical properties, are potential candidates to make the matrix of these composites. A combination of these polymers can also enhance the mechanical behaviors, glass transition temperature and flexibility. In addition, the desired coating characteristics, such as adhesion to metal substrate, mechanical properties, erosion/wear resistivity and UV absorbance, can be further improved through the addition of appropriate nanoparticles within the polymer matrix. Especially, nanoparticles can improve the erosion/wear resistance of polymers because of establishing high strength bonds between the polymer chains and the reinforcements besides enhancing other required properties. The present work is a review on PMNC coatings that contain epoxy, polyurethane or EP/polyurethane as a polymer matrix along with the details of the nanoparticle reinforcements, such as alumina, silica, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, clay and carbon-based materials. The effect of these nanoparticles on the properties of composite coatings has also been investigated.
Characterization and modelling of cure-dependent properties and strains during composites manufacturing
Authors: Moretti Laure , Castanié Bruno , Bernhart Gérard , Olivier Philippe
Published: March 2020

The geometric stability of structural parts is a critical issue in the aeronautical industry. However, autoclave curing of primary structural composite parts may cause significant distortions and divergences between the mould nominal geometries and the final shapes of the parts. To be able to anticipate such distortions, a robust simulation tool is needed, which can be implemented only if the phenomena involved are properly understood and characterized. The thermo-kinetic behaviour of the M21EV/IMA prepreg is fully characterized in this paper. Thermal strains and chemical shrinkages are measured using Thermo-Mechanical Analysis during the cure and the experimental method developed allows the thermo-chemical strains to be obtained even during the early stages of the cure. An experimental setup is developed to measure the thermo-mechanical behaviour of the material during its cure. Thanks to these measurements, a new constitutive mechanical model, inspired from the CHILE model, is defined. These data are then used as inputs for an FEA simulation of the entire curing process. Finally, the model is validated using the cure degree, glass transition and temperature monitoring, and post-cure distortion measurements.
Predictors of Taking Elective Music Courses in Middle School Among Low-SES, Ethnically Diverse Students in Miami
Authors: Alegrado Alenamie , Winsler Adam
Published: March 2020

Researchers attempting to show that music has positive effects on children need to understand and control for preexisting differences between those who do and do not select into musical participation in the first place. Within a large-scale, communitywide, prospective, longitudinal study of predominantly low-income, ethnically diverse students ( N = 31,332), we examined characteristics of students who did and did not enroll in music elective courses (band, choir, orchestra, guitar, other) in public middle schools (sixth, seventh, and eighth grades) in Miami. Predictor variables included gender, ethnicity, poverty, special education, English language learner status, fifth-grade English proficiency, prior academic performance (fifth-grade grade point average [GPA], standardized math and reading test scores), and initial school readiness skills (social, behavioral, cognitive, language, and motor skills) at age 4. Only 23% of middle school students enrolled in a music class in sixth, seventh, or eighth grade, with band having the highest enrollment, followed by choir, orchestra, and guitar. Being male and having greater cognitive skills at age 4 and higher fifth-grade GPA and reading skills were related to later music participation. Black students, students in special education, and those not proficient in English were less likely to participate in middle school music classes. Results varied somewhat by type of music.
Experimental study on tracer gas method for building infiltration rate measurement
Authors: Men Chuanling , Wang Shangwen , Zou Zhijun
Published: March 2020

The use of occupant-exhaled CO2 as the tracer gas enables the actual indoor infiltration rate to be measured, but the number and location of measuring points have a great impact on the accuracy of the results. This paper compares the experimental results from two tracer gas measurement techniques, decay with SF6 and constant injection with CO2 (exhaled by occupant). The results show a deviation of –9.0 to 7.4% between these two methods. This paper compares the result of this study with previous ones, and it confirmed that the CO2 method is an effective technique to calculate the infiltration rate in a room with a certain air volume when one measuring point is provided, and this is more accurate with good mixing of the indoor air. The impact of the measurement duration and distribution of indoor air on the measurement accuracy are also analysed. It is found that an extended monitoring period can reduce the impact of indoor air distribution. In actual measurements in residential building, it is recommended to select the data after occupants have been in the room for half an hour and to take measurements over 1 h after that.

Practical application: Accurate air change per hour (ACH) is beneficial to the study of building energy consumption and indoor air quality. This paper explores the effectiveness of CO2 method, which provides useful reference for the large sample measurements of infiltration rates in residential buildings.
Assistive Technology and Mobile ICT Usage Among Oldest-Old Cohorts: Comparison of the Oldest-Old in Private Homes and in Long-Term Care Facilities
Authors: Schlomann Anna , Seifert Alexander , Zank Susanne , Rietz Christian
Published: March 2020

This study examines technology adoption among oldest-old cohorts (80+) in private homes and long-term care facilities and analyzes relationships between individual characteristics, the living environment, and different kinds of assistive technologies (AT) and information and communication technologies (ICT). The data analysis is based on a representative survey of the oldest-old group’s quality of life and well-being in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany ( N = 1,863; age range: 80–103; 12.7% long-term care). Descriptive and multiple binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. Fewer than 3% of people in long-term care used internet-connected ICT devices. AT and ICT device adoption is associated with the living environment and individual characteristics (e.g., functional health, chronological age, education, and technology interest), and different patterns of ICT and AT use can be observed. These results indicate that individual characteristics and the living environment are both decisive in the use of technology among the oldest-old group.
The Role of Attachment in Language Brokering and Psychological Well-being among College Students
Authors: Weisskirch Robert S. , Guan Shu-Sha Angie , Lazarevic Vanja
Published: March 2020

Emerging adult (EA), college students from immigrant families continue engaging in language brokering (LB), translating documents and other media for their parents, in ways that can affect their well-being. For these language brokers, the relationship between parental attachment and psychological well-being may be through frequency and perceptions of their LB work. In this study, 459 language brokers ( Mage = 21.36, Female = 80%) completed an online questionnaire about frequency and perceptions of LB, attachment, and psychological well-being. Attachment anxiety and avoidance had negative indirect effects on anxiety and somatic symptoms through feelings of LB burden. Attachment anxiety had a negative indirect effect on somatic symptoms through LB intrusiveness. There were negative indirect effects of LB burden on attachment avoidance to anxiety and somatic symptoms. There was a negative indirect effect of LB intrusiveness on attachment avoidance to somatic symptoms. Findings indicate that perceptions of LB may relate to psychological well-being when attachment is insecure.
Factors Influencing Children’s Appraisals of Interparental Conflict: The Role of Parent-Child Relationship Quality
Authors: Selçuk Şule , İşcanoğlu Zülal , Sayıl Melike , Sümer Nebi , Berument Sibel Kazak
Published: March 2020

The cognitive contextual model proposes that children’s appraisals of interparental conflict (IPC) can influence their adjustment. In addition, previous research revealed that interparental disputes may reflect on parent-child relationship that is linked with children’s self-blame and threat appraisals concerning IPC. However, there is a scarcity of research directly addressing the intervening role of the parent-child relationship on children’s appraisals of IPC. Thus, we investigated the mediating role of different aspects of the parent-child relationship (i.e., psychological control, warmth, and attachment security) in the link between IPC and self-blame and threat appraisals. Participants were 1,309 children, their mothers, and their fathers. SEM analyses indicated that higher IPC was related to higher parental psychological control and lower child attachment security, which in turn was associated with higher self-blame or threat appraisals. The pattern of relationships was similar across child and parent gender.
Domestic Violence in Sport: Complexities and Ethical Issues for Psychologists
Authors: Sliwak Ryan , Lee Sandra , Pelc Noelany
Published: March 2020

The prevalence of domestic violence in the sports community continues to be a controversial topic of discussion. The conversation that surrounds domestic violence and athletes often occurs through a sports-only lens. Policies have been implemented by the various professional leagues, such as the Major League Baseball (MLB), National Basketball Association (NBA), and National Football League (NFL), to combat numerous incidents of domestic violence. Policies vary for each respective league. Discussion of domestic violence in sport has barely scratched the surface of identifying the complexity of the ethical dilemmas that psychologists may encounter. Three of these dilemmas are identified and discussed here: mandated treatment, confidentiality, and informed consent.
Predictors of Self-Determination and Mental Health Symptoms Among Youth in Juvenile Justice Facilities
Authors: Houchins David E. , Jimenez Eliseo , Langley Nickolas , Plescow Katelyn , Henrich Christopher C.
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this article was to examine the relationships between (a) youth and facility characteristics and (b) youth risk and resilience factors (i.e., mental health, self-determination [SD]) in juvenile justice facilities. Extant self-report data from 205 nationally representative correctional facilities and 7,073 youth, collected as part of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Survey of Residential Placement, were analyzed. Youth charateristics included sex, race, disability classification, mental health status, traumatic events/abuse encountered, offense committed, and SD. Facility factors included facility climate and counseling services. Results indicated that both prior abuse and victimization in the facility were positively correlated with mental health symptoms and SD. Positive perceptions of facility climate were associated with lower mental health symptoms. Youth who were female, younger, with a learning disability, and had committed a violent offense, reported more mental health symptoms. Positive perceptions of facility climate and receipt of counseling in the facility were associated with higher SD. Contrary to expectations, prior abuse and victimization in the facility were associated with higher SD. Recommendations include creating positive facility climates, developing targeted SD instruction, and providing tailored counseling services to facilitate successful transitions out of juvenile justice.
Children’s friendship quality trajectories from middle childhood to early adolescence and prediction from sex
Authors: Xu Jingyi , Eggum-Wilkens Natalie D. , Bradley Robert H.
Published: March 2020

We investigated the development of children’s self-reported positive (Companionship and Recreation, Validation and Caring, Help and Guidance, Intimate Disclosure, and Conflict Resolution) and negative (Conflict and Betrayal) friendship quality from the third to sixth grades using The National Institute of Child Health and Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development data (NICHD SECCYD; n = 1,364; M age = 9.03 years; 51.70% boys at recruitment). Consistent with expectations, growth models suggested that children reported higher positive, and lower negative, friendship quality with age. Boys had significantly lower positive friendship quality at third grade and slower increases than girls. Boys had slower decreases in negative friendship quality than girls. It is possible that different social orientations explain sex differences in friendship quality trajectories. Further research is needed to explore other factors that might account for individual differences in friendship quality trajectories.
Retrospective analysis of gastric cancer management in a real-world setting: a single-institution experience
Authors: Monti Manlio , Massa Ilaria , Foca Flavia , Morgagni Paolo , Framarini Massimo , Passardi Alessandro , Falcini Fabio , Frassineti Giovanni Luca
Published: March 2020

Introduction:

In a gastric cancer (GC) setting, phase II and III studies refer to an ideal patient population and only describe a specific category of patients. Older patients or those in poorer clinical condition are generally excluded from clinical trials. We aimed to evaluate therapeutic approaches to GC in a real-world setting at our institute (Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori [IRST] IRCCS) over a 10-year period.

Methods:

A total of 621 consecutive patients with GC diagnosed between January 2000 and December 2009 were considered retrospectively. Among these, 573 with available information on stage of disease were included in the analysis. Demographic and clinical data were collected from paper or electronic medical records.

Results:

During the study period, 343 (59.8%) patients were diagnosed with GC stage 0 to IIIC (M0): of these, 118 patients had a relapse of disease. A total of 230 patients (40.2%) presented with metastatic disease at diagnosis. Older age was associated with less frequent administration of adjuvant chemotherapy (odds ratio [OR], 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83–0.91); interaction between age and period (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01–1.03) and stage of disease at diagnosis (OR, 7.95; 95% CI, 3.71–17.1) were positively associated with administration of adjuvant chemotherapy. Older age (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.84–0.90) and presence of comorbidity (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.26–0.83) were associated with less frequent administration of palliative chemotherapy, whereas from 2000–2004 to 2005–2009, patients were more frequently treated with palliative chemotherapy overall (OR, 3.70; 95% CI, 2.01–6.81).

Conclusions:

Our results confirm that resection is the standard surgical approach to GC, and that chemotherapy is not widely used in adjuvant and metastatic settings. Older age and comorbidities are associated with nontreatment.
Field Characterization of Pavement Materials using Falling Weight Deflectometer and Sensor Data from an Instrumented Pavement Section
Authors: Khan Zafrul H. , Tarefder Rafiqul A. , Hasan Md Amanul
Published: March 2020

This study deals with the backcalculation of the mechanical properties of pavement layers using not only the falling weight deflectometer (FWD) sensor data but also pavement response under that FWD load from the embedded sensors in an instrumentation section. To perform the backcalculation, a layered viscoelastic pavement model incorporating asphalt concrete (AC) cross-anisotropy is developed as the forward model. Field degree of cross-anisotropy in AC is determined at the maximum magnitude frequency obtained through continuous wavelet transform of the material response signal. The material response signal is obtained from the deconvolution between the loading signal and the signal registered at the embedded sensors. An inverse analysis methodology is also developed to calculate the gross vehicle weight (GVW) of any vehicle passing through the instrumentation section using only the backcalculated material properties and pavement responses. From the results, it is observed that inclusion of the AC cross-anisotropy reduces the error norm, and a good agreement is observed with the laboratory dynamic modulus in both horizontal and vertical directions. It is also observed that the maximum magnitude frequency of material response and degree of cross-anisotropy in AC both decrease with an increase in average AC temperature. Furthermore, using the backcalculated material properties and pavement responses, it is possible to determine the GVW with 95% accuracy.
Defining the Clinically Meaningful Outcomes for Arthroscopic Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome at Minimum 5-Year Follow-up
Authors: Nwachukwu Benedict U. , Beck Edward C. , Kunze Kyle N. , Chahla Jorge , Rasio Jonathan , Nho Shane J.
Published: March 2020

Background:

Minimal clinically important difference (MCID), substantial clinical benefit (SCB), and patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) have gained prominence as important variables in the orthopaedic outcomes literature. In hip preservation surgery, much attention has been given to defining early clinically meaningful outcome; however, it is unknown what represents meaningful patient-reported outcome improvement in the medium to long term.

Purpose:

(1) To define MCID, PASS, and SCB at a minimum 5 years after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) and (2) to evaluate the time-dependent nature of MCID, PASS, and SCB.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Patients undergoing primary hip arthroscopy for FAIS between January 2012 and March 2014 were included. Clinical and demographic data were collected in an institutional hip preservation registry. MCID, PASS, and SCB were calculated for each outcome score including the Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living subscale (HOS-ADL), Hip Outcome Score–Sport-Specific subscale (HOS-SS), modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), and International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12) at 1, 2, and 5 years. MCID was calculated by use of a distribution-based method, whereas PASS and SCB were calculated by use of an anchor method.

Results:

The study included 283 patients with a mean ± SD age of 34.2 ± 11.9 years. The mean changes in 1-year, 2-year, and 5-year scores, respectively, required to achieve MCID were as follows: HOS-ADL (8.8, 9.7, 10.2); HOS-SS (13.9, 14.3, 15.2); mHHS (6.9, 9.2, 11.4); and iHOT-12 (15.1, 13.9, 15.1). The threshold scores for achieving PASS were as follows: HOS-ADL (89.7, 88.2, 99.2); HOS-SS (72.2, 76.4, 80.9); mHHS (84.8, 83.3, 83.6); and iHOT-12 (69.1, 72.2, 74.3). Last, the threshold scores for achieving SCB scores were as follows: HOS-ADL (89.7, 91.9, 94.6); HOS-SS (78.1, 77.9, 85.8); mHHS (86.9, 85.8, 94.4); and iHOT-12 (72.6, 76.8, 87.5). More patients achieved MCID, SCB, and PASS at 2-year compared with 1-year follow-up; however, by 5 years, fewer patients had achieved clinically meaningful outcome (minimum 1-, 2-, and 5-year follow-up, respectively: MCID, 82.6%, 87.3%, 79.3%; PASS, 67.6%, 74.9%, 67.5%; SCB, 62.3%, 67.2%, 56.6%).

Conclusion:

The greatest proportion of patients achieved MCID, PASS, and SCB at 2-year follow-up after arthroscopic treatment of FAIS compared with 1- and 5-year time points. Improvements were maintained out to 5-year follow-up, although the proportion of patients achieving clinical significance was slightly decreased.
Revision Risk of Soft Tissue Allograft Versus Hybrid Graft After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Mirzayan Raffy , Prentice Heather A. , Essilfie Anthony , Burfeind William E. , Ding David Y. , Maletis Gregory B.
Published: March 2020

Background:

When a harvested hamstring autograft is deemed by the surgeon to be of inadequate diameter, the options include using the small graft, using another autograft from a different site, augmenting with an allograft (hybrid graft), using a different configuration of the graft (eg, 5- or 6-stranded), or abandoning the autograft and using allograft alone. A small graft diameter is associated with a higher revision risk, and using another autograft site includes added harvest-site morbidity; therefore, use of a hybrid graft or an allograft alone may be appealing alternative options. Revision risk for hybrid graft compared with soft tissue allograft is not known.

Purpose:

To evaluate the risk for aseptic revision surgery after primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) using a soft tissue allograft compared with ACLR using a hybrid graft in patients 25 years and younger.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Data from a health care system’s ACLR registry were used to identify primary isolated unilateral ACLRs between 2009 and 2016 using either a hybrid graft (hamstring autograft with soft tissue allograft) or a soft tissue allograft alone. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate risk for aseptic revision after ACLR according to graft used after adjustment for age, allograft processing, tunnel drilling technique, and region where the primary ACLR was performed.

Results:

The cohort included 2080 ACLR procedures; a hybrid graft was used for 479 (23.0%) ACLRs. Median follow-up time was 3.4 years (interquartile range, 1.8-5.1 years). The crude 2-year aseptic revision probability was 5.4% (95% CI, 4.3%-6.7%) for soft tissue allograft ACLR and 3.8% (95% CI, 2.3%-6.4%) for hybrid graft ACLR. After adjustment for covariates, soft tissue allograft ACLR had a higher risk of aseptic revision during follow-up compared with hybrid graft ACLR (hazard ratio, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.21-3.31; P = .007).

Conclusion:

Soft tissue allografts had a 2-fold higher risk of aseptic revision compared with hybrid graft after ACLR. Future studies evaluating the indications for using hybrid grafts and the optimal hybrid graft diameter is needed.
Osteochondritis Dissecans Lesion Location Is Highly Concordant With Mechanical Axis Deviation
Authors: Brown Matthew L. , McCauley Julie C. , Gracitelli Guilherme C. , Bugbee William D.
Published: March 2020

Background:

The cause of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is unknown.

Purpose:

To determine if mechanical axis deviation correlates with OCD lesion location in the knee, if degree of mechanical axis deviation correlates with size of OCD lesion, and if the deformity was primarily in the distal femur or proximal tibia.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

We identified 61 knees that underwent osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation for femoral condyle OCD lesions and used preoperative lower extremity alignment radiographs to measure lower extremity mechanical axis, mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA), and hip-knee-ankle angle. Lesion location and area were retrieved from operative records.

Results:

The location of the OCD lesion was the medial femoral condyle (MFC) for 37 knees and lateral femoral condyle (LFC) for 24 knees. Among knees with MFC lesions, alignment was varus in 25 (68%). Conversely, knees with LFC lesions had valgus alignment in 16 (67%). The mLFDA was significantly more valgus in the LFC group. mMPTA was not different between MFC and LFC groups. There was no significant correlation between degree of mechanical axis deviation and lesion size.

Conclusion:

In this cohort, two-thirds of patients with symptomatic OCD lesions had associated mechanical axis deviation. Lesion location correlated with mechanical axis deviation (LFC lesions were associated with a deformity in the distal femur). Degree of deformity was not correlated with lesion size. Mechanical axis deviation may play a role in OCD pathogenesis. These data do not allow analysis of the role of mechanical axis deviation in causation or prognosis of OCD lesions, but surgeons treating OCD should be aware of this common association.
Individuals With an Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Reconstructed Knee Display Atypical Whole Body Movement Strategies but Normal Knee Robustness During Side-Hop Landings: A Finite Helical Axis Analysis
Authors: Markström Jonas L. , Grip Helena , Schelin Lina , Häger Charlotte K.
Published: March 2020

Background:

Atypical knee joint biomechanics after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are common. It is, however, unclear whether knee robustness (ability to tolerate perturbation and maintain joint configuration) and whole body movement strategies are compromised after ACLR.

Purpose:

To investigate landing control after ACLR with regard to dynamic knee robustness and whole body movement strategies during sports-mimicking side hops, and to evaluate functional performance of hop tests and knee strength.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

An 8-camera motion capture system and 2 synchronized force plates were used to calculate joint angles and moments during standardized rebound side-hop landings performed by 32 individuals with an ACL-reconstructed knee (ACLR group; median, 16.0 months after reconstruction with hamstring tendon graft [interquartile range, 35.2 months]) and 32 matched asymptomatic controls (CTRL). Dynamic knee robustness was quantified using a finite helical axis approach, providing discrete values quantifying divergence of knee joint movements from flexion-extension (higher relative frontal and/or transverse plane motion equaled lower robustness) during momentary helical rotation intervals of 10°. Multivariate analyses of movement strategies included trunk, hip, and knee angles at initial contact and during landing and hip and knee peak moments during landing, comparing ACLR and CTRL, as well as legs within groups.

Results:

Knee robustness was lower for the first 10° motion interval after initial contact and then successively stabilized for both groups and legs. When landing with the injured leg, the ACLR group, as compared with the contralateral leg and/or CTRL, demonstrated significantly greater flexion of the trunk, hip, and knee; greater hip flexion moment; less knee flexion moment; and smaller angle but greater moment of knee internal rotation. The ACLR group also had lower but acceptable hop and strength performances (ratios to noninjured leg >90%) except for knee flexion strength (12% deficit).

Conclusion:

Knee robustness was not affected by ACLR during side-hop landings, but alterations in movement strategies were seen for the trunk, hip, and knee, as well as long-term deficits in knee flexion strength.

Clinical Relevance:

Knee robustness is lowest immediately after landing for both the ACLR group and the CTRL and should be targeted in training to reduce knee injury risk. Assessment of movement strategies during side-hop landings after ACLR should consider a whole body approach.
Relationship Between Multiple Measures of Financial Hardship and Glycemic Control in Older Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Walker Rebekah J. , Garacci Emma , Campbell Jennifer A. , Harris Melissa , Mosley-Johnson Elise , Egede Leonard E.
Published: March 2020

Aim: To examine the relationship between multiple measures of financial hardship and glycemic control in older adults with diabetes. Methods: Using data from Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we investigated four measures of financial hardship: difficulty paying bills, ongoing financial strain, decreasing food intake due to money, and taking less medication due to cost. Using linear regression models, we investigated the relationship between each measure, and a cumulative score of hardships per person, on glycemic control (HbA1c). Results: After adjustment, a significant relationship existed with each increasing number of hardships associated with increasing HbA1c (0.09, [95%CI 0.04, 0.14]). Difficulty paying bills (0.25, [95%CI 0.14, 0.35]) and decreased medication usage due to cost (0.17, [95%CI 0.03, 0.31]) remained significantly associated with HbA1c. Conclusion: In older adults, difficulty paying bills and cost-related medication nonadherence is associated with glycemic control, and every additional financial hardship was associated with an increased HbA1c by nearly 0.1%.
A sustainable municipal solid waste system design considering public awareness and education: A case study
Authors: Mofid-Nakhaee Elham , Barzinpour Farnaz , Pishvaee Mir Saman
Published: March 2020

The municipal solid waste management (MSWM) system design considered here is effective in reducing supply chain costs and environmental risks. One of the practical approaches that governments use to encourage MSWM practices is educating households with regard to reducing waste generation and increasing recycling and composting rates. This research aims to utilize a new multi-objective stochastic optimization model to design a MSWM system, taking public awareness and educating the public into consideration. Further, the efficiency induced by educating the public is also taken into account using its corresponding factors in the model. In this article, two types of truck for collecting the mixed and separated waste are appraised. Due to the unpredictability of some of the parameters of the MSWM models, allowances are made for uncertainty. The proposed model is applied to a real case in Tehran, Iran. To show the impact of educating households, the model is compared with a similar model that does not take educating the public into account. The results show a reduction of 40% in the total cost and an increment of 17% in the social impact as opposed to the model that does not take educating the public into consideration. This acknowledges that educating the public will improve the results obtained.
Learning for Sustainability: Considering Pathways to Transformation
Authors: Moyer Joanne M. , Sinclair A. John
Published: March 2020

Social-ecological systems face increasing disruptions and challenges, many deriving from human actions, and learning is frequently touted as “the way out” for addressing them. Using a systematic review of 26 studies that span about 20 years and cover four continents, this article interrogates the link between learning, action, and societal transformation toward sustainability. Transformative learning theory provides the analytical framework. Studies indicated abundant instrumental learning outcomes, and substantial communicative learning, while personal transformation was less common. Individual, interpersonal, and collective sustainability action resulted from various kinds of learning, underscoring the important role that learning can play in shaping individual sustainability behavior. Instrumental learning, in particular, provided the skills and knowledge necessary for action. While study findings confirm the fundamental importance of learning, actions were largely individual and had lesser impact at the societal level.
Role of Psychological Makeup in Psychological Rehabilitation of Acid Attack Victims
Authors: Mittal Shalini , Singh Tushar , Verma Sunil K.
Published: March 2020

From eve-teasing to more aggressive forms of sexual violence, subjection of women to sexual violence has been on the rise. One heinous form of sexual violence is the acid attack. Acid attack refers to the intentional act of throwing acid on an individual with the intent of harming, torturing, disfiguring, injuring, or killing them. Despite an increase in the number of reported cases of acid attacks, the initial nonavailability of strict legislatures and underreporting of the crime have led to gross underrepresentation of the acid attack victims in the scientific literature. Moreover, most researches focus on the impact of acid attack and not on the process of recovery for these victims. Hence, this paper attempts to explore the role of psychological makeup in the psychological rehabilitation of acid attack victims. This study adopted the homogeneous purposive sampling method. The sample consisted of 30 female victims of acid attack between the age group of 18 to 25 years. The narratives of these victims focusing on their experiences before and after the incidence were collected. Findings of this study indicate that psychological makeup is an important variable that is responsible for the successful recovery from trauma. Nearly all of the victims have shown symptoms of maladaptive psychological makeup after facing a violent event. However, after participation in the rehabilitation program, the victims moved from having maladaptive psychological makeup toward having adaptive psychological makeup. The emergent subthemes comprising maladaptive psychological makeup consists of cognitive distortions, hopelessness, shame, and suicidal ideation; and for adaptive psychological makeup, these are positive life orientation, belief in the just world, and self-efficacy. The insights of the study will contribute to an improved understanding of the recovery process of the acid attack victims and help in planning intervention protocols for them.
Taking Care Triple P for Foster Parents With Young Children in Foster Care: Results of a 1-Year Randomized Trial
Authors: Job Ann-Katrin , Ehrenberg Daniela , Hilpert Peter , Reindl Vanessa , Lohaus Arnold , Konrad Kerstin , Heinrichs Nina
Published: March 2020

Young children with a history of maltreatment or neglect in foster families often confront their caregivers with particularly challenging behaviors. This may lead to more parenting stress, an increased risk for the child in foster care to experience further maltreatment, and placement disruptions. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to investigate the efficacy of a parent group training tailored to the special needs of foster families. We hypothesized significant short- and long-term improvements regarding foster parents’ parenting competencies, child mental health problems, and related outcomes. Eighty-one families with 87 children in foster care aged 2 to 7 years participated in the trial. For the intervention study, 44 randomly selected families (54%) were offered to participate in the parent group training. Intervention and control group families were reassessed three times over a period of 1 year. Contrary to our expectations, we found no advantages of the intervention group compared with the usual care control group on any outcome measure. Instead, we found some significant changes in both groups across time. Placement into foster care is associated with some favorable outcomes for children in foster care. Additional support for foster families beyond the services delivered in the youth welfare system to foster parents was not associated with more favorable outcomes. The present intervention is likely associated with a low risk of harm but also with a high likelihood of a lack of significant benefits for foster parents and their young children going beyond feeling satisfied about the delivered services. Participating foster families showed favorable baseline results on parenting measures which may have impeded intervention effects to unfold on these proximal variables.
Appropriate Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices in an Emergency for Non-Breastfed Infants Under Six Months: The Rohingya Experience
Authors: Burrell Alice , Kueter Anne M. , Ariful Sujan , Rahaman Habibur , Iellamo Alessandro , Mothabbir Golam
Published: March 2020

Background

Since 25 August, 2017 over 693,000 Rohingya have been forced from Myanmar due to mass violence, seeking refuge in neighboring Bangladesh. Nutritional surveys during 2017 revealed worrying levels of malnutrition and poor infant feeding practices, including high numbers of infants not exclusively breastfeeding. Infants under 6 months who are not exclusively breastfed are particularly vulnerable to morbidity and mortality and require specialized feeding support, especially in emergency contexts.

Research Aim

To describe Save the Children International’s experiences supporting wet nursing, relactation, and artificial feeding for non-breastfed infants under 6 months in the Rohingya Response, Bangladesh.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted of routine program data and documentation from Save the Children International’s infant and young child feeding in emergencies interventions for the Rohingya Response, Bangladesh, from November 2017 to April 2018. The study population were infants under 6 months identified as not breastfed during the initial assessment ( N = 15).

Results

Although wet nursing was attempted with all infants, it was successful with 6 (40%) of the infants. Additionally, 1 (6.7%) infant’s mother was able to successfully relactate. The remaining infants ended up requiring feeding with human milk substitutes.

Conclusion

Gaps exist in operational guidance to support non-breastfed infants with wet nursing and relactation in emergency settings, as well as on how to operationalize safe human milk substitute programming in line with national policies and regulations. There is an urgent need to address this gap to protect the lives of non-breastfed infants in emergencies worldwide.
Numerical investigation into the mechanism regarding the inception and evolution of flow unsteadiness induced by the tip leakage flow in a transonic compressor
Authors: An Guangyao , Wu Yanhui , Spence Stephen , Lang Jinhua , Chen Zhiyang , Larimi Yasser Mahmoudi
Published: March 2020

Unsteady flow in the blade tip region of modern axial flow compressors is one of the sources of loss, noise, and blade vibration. In some cases, it is potentially linked to stall inception. In this paper, the complex flow fields in the blade tip region of a transonic axial flow compressor rotor have been numerically investigated. The predicted results were validated by experimental data. Analyses of monitoring results of numerical probes showed that three typical flow characteristics occurred as the operating condition approached the stability limit: no flow fluctuation at the first operating point; flow fluctuation with high frequency and low amplitude at the second operating point; flow fluctuation with low frequency and high amplitude at the third operating point. Further analysis of the tip flow field showed that the evolution of the tip leakage vortex experienced three stages as the rotor was throttled. At the first stage, the TLV did not breakdown. At the second stage, a bubble-type breakdown of the tip leakage vortex occurred. At the third stage, a spiral-type breakdown of tip leakage vortex occurred. The current study demonstrated that the flow unsteadiness that appears within the test rotor was induced by the tip leakage vortex breakdown. Furthermore, with the transformation of the vortex breakdown form, the characteristic frequency and amplitude of the flow oscillation substantially changed.
Understanding adaptive information seeking in the context of microblogging from the cognitive switching perspective
Authors: Zha Xianjin , Liu Kunfeng , Yan Yalan , Huang Chengsong
Published: March 2020

Drawing on adaptive structuration theory and cognitive switching theory, this study develops a research model exploring the effects of cognitive switching stimuli on adaptive information seeking and the moderating effects of information need and personal innovativeness in information technologies. Data collected from microblogging users were used to test the model. The findings suggest that other people’s use, discrepancies, and deliberate initiatives each have significant positive effects on trying new features to seek information. Other people’s use which essentially reflects the nature of learning from observing other people is the most important determinant. Meanwhile, information need and personal innovativeness in IT each positively moderate the effect of other people’s use on trying new features to seek information. This study contributes to theory by examining adaptive information seeking in the context of microblogging which has been largely overlooked by prior literature. The findings and more implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Spiritual Needs and Influencing Factors of Indonesian Muslims With Cancer During Hospitalization
Authors: Sastra Lenni , Büssing Arndt , Chen Ching-Huey , Yen Miaofen , Lin Esther Ching-Lan
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Although Muslims constitute nearly one fourth of the global population, many non-Muslims are not familiar with Islam. To address this unique need from such a specific cultural context, the present study aimed to examine the spiritual needs and influencing factors of Indonesian Muslims with cancer. Method: A cross-sectional research design with 122 cancer patients was conducted by using the Bahasa-version Spiritual Needs Questionnaire. Results: The degree of spiritual needs was generally high. Religious needs were the strongest aspect, and “praying five times a day” was the highest scoring item. Gender ( p = .04), age ( p = .01), and duration of being diagnosed with cancer ( p = .01) were associated with spiritual needs. Female gender ( p = .005) and older age ( p < .001) were predictors of spiritual needs. Discussion: As expected to provide cultural-congruent spiritual interventions, nurses could meet Muslim patients’ need to pray five times a day during hospitalization, thus help them manage and endure the illness.
Contextual Information in Social How-To Questions That Initiate Documentation
Authors: Baker Matthew J.
Published: March 2020

This study introduces social question-and-answer (SQA) documentation to technical and professional communication scholarship. It conceptualizes SQA as interactive, user-generated documentation and describes contextual information types within social how-to questions that initiate documentation. It also explores whether contextual information associates with answers that complete the interactive documentation. Results reliably describe 15 information types based on content analysis of 3,529 contextual information types from 500 questions. Exploratory statistical analysis suggests that askers may increase answerability by including less speculative thought, more error messages, and less general situation information. To facilitate complete SQA documentation, the study calls for additional research into question content and answerability.
Evaluation of methotrexate clearance with an enteral urine alkalinization protocol for patients receiving high-dose methotrexate
Authors: Kramer Elizabeth , Filtz Michael , Pace Makala
Published: March 2020

Purpose

High-dose methotrexate is a cytotoxic agent used to treat several malignancies. Urine alkalinization with sodium bicarbonate and hyperhydration are given with methotrexate to prevent drug precipitation in the kidneys. Due to a nationwide intravenous sodium bicarbonate shortage, an enteral-based urine alkalinization protocol was instituted. This study compared outcomes and adverse effects between the previously used intravenous and newly implemented enteral protocols.

Methods

Single center retrospective cohort study comparing parenteral and enteral urine alkalinization for patients that received methotrexate doses ≥ 500 mg/m2 between 1 April 2016 and 1 October 2018. The primary endpoint was time to methotrexate clearance. Secondary outcomes included length of stay, time to administration of methotrexate, amount of sodium bicarbonate utilized, toxicities of methotrexate, and protocol-associated adverse effects.

Results

There were 67 patients included in the study for a total of 195 infusions. The average time to methotrexate clearance between the two cohorts was similar (parenteral 88 h vs. enteral 98 h p = 0.06). Likewise, length of stay was not different between the two cohorts ( p = ns). The enteral cohort methotrexate’s doses were initiated faster and received significantly less intravenous sodium bicarbonate when compared to the parenteral cohort ( p = 0.04). Rates of acute kidney injury, neutropenia, hepatotoxicity, and mucositis were similar between the two groups. There were higher rates of diarrhea and low serum bicarbonate values in the enteral cohort.

Conclusion

This study supports the ability to conserve intravenous sodium bicarbonate by using an enteral-based urine alkalization regimen for HD methotrexate, with no difference in outcomes or toxicity.
Saddle pulmonary embolism with fluorouracil: A case report
Authors: White Kylee E , Elder Christopher T
Published: March 2020

Introduction

As a single agent, fluorouracil has been documented to have a small but present chance of causing extravasation of the port when not properly administered. It has also been shown that cancer patients receiving chemotherapy are at increased risk of deep vein thrombosis, symptomatic or silent.

Case report

A 43-year-old male patient with stage III colon cancer receiving FOLFOX developed a saddle pulmonary embolism involving possible extravasation that was discovered following cycle 3 of chemotherapy. CT scan and lower extremity Doppler confirmed non-occlusive deep vein thrombosis along with saddle pulmonary embolism. Management and outcome: For acute management, patient underwent bilateral pulmonary artery thrombolysis. Following this, the patient was initiated on rivaroxaban indefinitely. The right subclavian port was removed, and a new port was placed in the left subclavian. Patient went on to receive three more cycles of chemotherapy.

Discussion

Fluorouracil, an inflammitant, has been shown to have damaging potential, especially in terms of the integrity of the endothelium. Over time, this can lead to serious complications such as cardiotoxicity, including deep vein thrombosis formation. Based on how and when the thrombi were discovered, it is not possible to deduce whether the port, the 5-FU, extravasation or other factors were the precipitators of the formation of the thrombi. The combination of chemotherapy treatment along with CVC placement appears to have an additive risk to the formation of a thrombus. Practitioners should take caution when evaluating for extravasation and CVC integrity and note other potential differentials for causes, including deep vein thrombosis/saddle pulmonary embolism formation.