bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN PACLOBUTRAZOL, KNO3 DAN ETEFON PADA PEMACUAN PEMBUNGAAN TANAMAN MANGGIS (Garcinia mangostana L.)
Authors: Syafitri Novalia , Karyanto Agus , Rugayah Rugayah , Widagdo Setyo
Published: November 2021

Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is a tropical plant that bears seasonal fruit and is one of Indonesia's leading export commodity.  Mangosteen production in Indonesia is still low and not continuous, because there are several factors that influence it.  One of them is the character of biennial bearing in mangosteen one year produce high fruit load followed by a next year of very low production.  Therefore it is necessary to induce off season mangosteen flowering.  This study aims to determine: (1) the effect of Paklobutrazol on the flowering of mangosteen plants, (2) the effect of adding KNO3 and Etefon on the acceleration of mangosteen flowering.  This research was conducted in Mulangmaya Village, Kota Agung Timur District, Tanggamus, Lampung.  Regency at an altitude of 250 m above sea level from September 2018 to April 2019.  This research used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with a single factor consisting of 3 treatments, namely P1 ( manure 10 kg/plant + NPK Nitrophonska 1 kg/plant, P2 (Paclobutrazol 2 ml/l + KNO3 20 g/l + manure 10 kg/plant + NPK Nitrophonska 1 kg/plant), and P3 (Paclobutrazol 2 ml/l + Etefon 40 ml/l + manure 10 kg/plant + NPK Nitrophonska 1 kg/plant).  The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance and the mean separation was carried out by orthogonal contrast test at the 5% significance level.  The results showed that the treatment of P2 (Paclobutrazol 2 ml/l + KNO3 20 g/l + manure 10 kg/plant + NPK Nitrophonska 1 kg/plant) on mangosteen plants was able to spur flowering faster with a difference of 12 days (8.70% ), and increased the total number of fruits per plant by a difference of 41 fruit (38.80%).  The P3 treatment (Paclobutrazol 2 ml/l + Etefon 40 ml/l + manure 10 kg/plant + NPK Nitrophonska 1 kg/plant), unexpectedly causing significant leaf drop 3 days after Ethephon spray, and new leaves were formed a month later.  Keywords : Ethephon, KNO3, Paclobutrazol, and mangosteen flowering
Keragaan dan Produktivitas Perkebunan Lada Tumpangsari Kopi di Lampung Utara
Authors: Prasmatiwi Fembriarti Erry , Evizal Rusdi
Published: November 2021

North Lampung Regency is the main producer of Lampung black pepper, which is generally in the form of a poly-culture system of pepper cultivation. This study aims to study the performance and productivity of the pepper plant which is intercropped with coffee by farmers in North Lampung. This study used a survey method and conducted in North Lampung by taking 2 samples of the sub-districts purposively, namely Abung Barat and Abung Tengah. From each district, 2 villages were selected purposively. Primary data were collected by interviewing 93 sample farmers who were randomly sampled. To deepen the performance of planting, visits and observations of farmers' fields were conducted. The results of this study concluded that: (1) 96% of farmers applied a poly-culture pepper plantation system. Intercropping pepper plantations have a lower pepper plant population but the presence of intercropping can cause land use efficiency to increase by up to 30%;(2) The poly-culture pepper fields  are managed less intensively as indicated by the low fertilizer dosage and the high mortality rate of pepper, which reaches 7-10% of plants per year; (3) The productivity of this intercropping system is pepper yield (conversion of SPH 1600 trees / ha) reaching 230-260 kg / ha or based on factual population reaching 155-267 kg/ha, coffee yield 166-221 kg/ha, and yield of Pithecellobium jiringa 24 -28 kg/tree; (4) According to farmers' perceptions, the main constraints faced by farmers (80.2% of farmers) were the attack of pepper foot rot disease, low prices for pepper, and high mortality of pepper trees. However, most farmers (88.9% of farmers) said they would not replace pepper with other crops.Keywords: Black pepper, coffee, Pithecellobium jiringa, poly-culture, yield
Marketing Information Systems and Competitive Advantage at Consolidated Bank of Kenya Limited
Authors: Thuita Joyce , Njeru Winnie
Published: November 2021

Business today is a challenge because of the dynamics involved, marketers whose responsibility is to ensure that the business makes profits also have to be dynamic on how they organize their marketing strategies in a way that is relevant to today’s market. Whatever the kind of establishment, market and purchaser information is necessary if organization objectives are to be met and consumers needs fulfilled, having an efficient marketing information system is one of the channels through which an organization can acquire the information it needs from its customers thereby giving the organization competitive advantage. This study therefore sought to establish the impact of marketing information systems on competitive advantage at Consolidated Bank of Kenya Limited. The study used a case study. Primary data was collected using an interview guide and data collected from the heads of departments particularly from marketing, alternative business channels and business development, who are highly involved in formulation and implementation of strategy. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. The study established that the marketing environment in the banking industry is very competitive and therefore marketers must adapt to the ever-changing marketing environment. Further, improvements in the bank’s products, services and the brand image have enhanced competitive advantage of the bank. Finally, the study also revealed that Marketing Information Systems are of value to the organization. In conclusion the study established that the company has in place a marketing information system which the bank uses to acquire relevant information from customers, which is in turn used to develop products and services that meet the customer’s needs while still maintaining lower costs. The study recommends that management should ensure continued improvement in the marketing information system to enable the bank to maintain sustainable competitive advantage. There need for management to set aside resources and invest in marketing information systems to enable the bank to compete effectively in its marketing environment.
Improving Bundled Inventory Flow for Services through Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Authors: Woosley John M. , Cope Rachelle F. , Cope III Robert F. , Wyld David C.
Published: November 2021

In our work, we hypothesize performance improvements to supply chain service operations through Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). OCB is a term relating to voluntary actions of employees to help fellow employees and/or their organization through efforts that are not part of a contractual obligation. A key feature of OCB is that it is not rewarded in a formal manner. Through the years, OCB has gained substantial interest and has been studied across many organizational domains. In particular, we explore the roles of job cross-training and culture change in fostering OCBs that benefit the efficient operation of bundled inventories within the service firm.
The Impact of Advertising Credibility on Purchase Intentions: An Empirical Study among Iraqi Facebook Users
Authors: Mosa Raafat Awad
Published: November 2021

With the acceleration of the wave of technological developments, the advertising industry started to abandon its traditional tools adopted in addressing customers. The advertising landscape through social media networks has become the most visible way to communicate and interact with customers. However, the advertising messages launched by marketers on these networks do not receive an adequate response from the target customers. The credibility of the information provided by advertisements on social media networks platforms is still questionable by many customers. Which may reduce the effectiveness of these advertisements and undermine the efforts of marketers to generate sufficient conviction among customers to buy. Therefore, this study seeks to test the impact of advertising credibility on purchase intentions among Iraqi Facebook users. In order to achieve this goal, adopted a quantitative approach by surveying a sample of 487 respondents. The results showed that advertising credibility had a moderately positive effect on purchase intentions. The study recommended that marketers should be keen to provide realistic and honest information about marketing offers in their advertising messages.
Washing and Extraction of Metals from Two Industrially Contaminated Soils: A Prognostication for Techno-economic Clean up
Authors: Uyo C. N. , Mgbeahuruike L. , Potgieter-Vermaak S. S. , Van Dyk L. , Potgieter J. H. , Dike M. U. , Emereibeole E. I. , Njoku-Tony R. F. , Ihejirika C. E. , Edo F. A. , Iwuji K. M.
Published: November 2021

The extraction and recovery of metals from contaminated soil has become inevitable considering the increasing premium placed on environmental and human health protection as well as predicted shortfalls in primary metal production. In this study, metal extraction from two industrially contaminated soils (Copsa-mica [Rb-So] and Campina [Ro-PH]) were considered for process (column and heap) leaching configuration using different selected chelating substances; ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid [EDTA], ethylene diamine disuccinic acid [EDDS], acetylacetone [Hacac] and citric acid [CA]. The result confirms optimal recovery of EDTA column-induced-Rb-So over chelant-heap induced configuration and was adopted for economic prediction using two possible (60% and 100%) recycled scenarios. The 100% recycled scenario resulted in a viable economic process sufficient enough to offset clean-up cost. Metal separation and recovery from M-EDTA complex could be facilitated with the use of H2S gas precipitated in hydrogen flame combustion. The process economics predicted offered a probable prospect for metal separation from washing liquor.
Investigation of Under-Utilised Wood Species for Potential Utilisations in Taraba State, Nigeria
Authors: Riki Josiah T. B. , Maiguru Abel A. , Zaku Sabo S. , Auta Bwaseh J. B.
Published: November 2021

Under-utilsed wood species from Taraba State were studied to generate information for identification purposes and facilitate the introduction of these species into the wood working industry by assigning or widening the potential uses of these species to serve as alternative economic species. They are wood species that constitutes the bulk of wood that finds no economic use and their current commercial demand is below their forest production potentials. This study examines under-utilised wood species in the three (3) ecological zones (Northern guinea savanna, Mountain Grassland/Forest Vegetation and Southern guinea savanna) in Taraba State with a view to identifying their utilisation potentials. A total of 60 respondents comprising of wood dealers, furniture makers and chainsaw operator were selected with 20 questionnaires per region using convenient and systematic random sampling techniques. Researcher made closed ended questionnaires as instrument of data collection. Descriptive statistical tools such as frequency, percentage and charts were used, and data collected were analysed using Startsoft Statistica 12.5. Results showed that males (85%) had the highest percentage than the females (15%). Majority were between age brackets of 21-30 which constitute 46.67%. Considerable number of them were married and not well educated. The study also, revealed Fifteen (15) of the most common under-utilised and endangered wood species with six (6) currently traded species were revealed. Wood demand, durability and availability are the major reasons for choice of species traded while, over-exploitation and seasonality are the main reasons for fluctuations in species availability for trade. Assessment of deforestation in the study area was high, which shows decrease in availability of woody plant species. The produced compendium of some under-utilised wood species from Taraba State, should be distributed widely so that producers, users, and marketers of wood products are aware of the promising species as an alternative to economic species for sustainability.
Impact of Toxigenic Fungi: An Economic and Health Obstruction to Wellness in Mozambique
Authors: Fernandes T. , Ferrão J. , Guina J. , Chabite I. , Garrine C. , Bell V.
Published: November 2021

Food safety is a major concern worldwide. Food-crop contamination by fungi and mycotoxins is a common occurrence causing persistent exposure that raises critical health problems and economic losses. Food and feeds are frequently tainted by multiple contaminants, such as trace elements, heavy metals, dioxins, pesticides, and mycotoxins. Most African countries lack the ability to enforce international food safety regulations and face frequent rejection of exportable raw food materials leading to financial burden and increased intramural consumption of contaminated products. The literature on mycotoxins is extremely vast, investigating or reporting cellular mechanisms and toxicity, associated pathology and animal performance, effects of these compounds on general malnutrition and on human health. However, different sampling and analytical methods for research has hindered progress, data collection and interpretation. Innovative and promising commercial solutions of technological biocontrol have been approved in few African countries but may not be the sole and long-lasting solution for the management of mycotoxins. We describe an economic burden in Mozambique of naturally occurring toxigenic fungi moulds in banana plantations, and a public health impact from non-rotating crops of cassava, groundnutsб and maize. Finally, we mention our moderate role in surveillance and monitoring of mycotoxins in family smallholder farmers, informal markets, and cooperatives.
Difficulty in Poetry: A Stylistic Model
Authors: Castiglione Davide , Adil Jaafar Eman
Published: November 2021

As its title suggests, Difficulty in Poetry: A Stylistic Model tackles poetic difficulty. The question here is, why would one consider a poem difficult? Is it a semantic issue, facing unfamiliar meanings of words? Alternatively, it can be a pragmatic issue, the unfamiliar context to readers. Or is it a cultural issue? Or can it be a combination of all the factors mentioned above? The author endeavors to define difficulty based on previous relevant work that dealt with the same vein. In previous work, Castiglione (2017) defined difficulty “as a text-driven response phenomenon associated with resistance to reading fluency”(p.99). In general, this book in review addresses difficulty in poetry with the aim of finding understanding and analyzing difficulty. Readers need to know what poetic difficulty means and why some poems are considered complex and difficult to understand. Castiglione (2018) used an interesting metaphor to make the idea of his book more reachable to the readers. He describes difficulty as a metropolis. The ways of understanding it are described as vehicles. Issues might be faced during the journey to the center of this city. Moreover, the author advertently shows how difficulty is different from ambiguity and obscurity. This book achieves the following main goals: (1) it presents a definition of difficulty in poetry (2) it aims at approaching difficulty in poetry.
Hoani and Hiwa
Authors: Anneff Katarina
Published: November 2021

“Hoani time to get up.” Dang it Mum it’s the weekend. “What did you say boy?”

Oh, shit. Did I say that out loud? “Sorry Mum!”Far out. Why are we getting up so early for, it’s legit only 6am.“Ok you three have 10 minutes to pack your bags and get in the car. Kia tere!” The only time we get up this early is when we go home to the Hokianga to see Koro. DANG IT. Why are we going to Koro’s house man, it’s so boring up there.I haven’t been back home to Hokianga since I was 10, I’m 14 now.Turns out we’re going to Koro’s to celebrate Matariki, the Māori New Year.Sounds boring aye. Yeah, thought so hahahaha.
Adsorption behavior between thiophene and M = (Mo, Pd, Sn) by quantum chemistry method
Authors: Long Wei
Published: November 2021

Based on the existing experiment, Gaussian 03 package to study the adsorption microscopic behavior between thiophene molecules and three transition metals M = (Mo, Pd, Sn) were used, which combine with the quantum chemistry method and the genecp basis set. It is showed there are many different molecular adsorption patterns between the different transition metal atoms thiophene. The transition metal Mo is given more priority to occur the β and θ adsorbing model, and the decreased energy was 328.795 kJ/mol and 327.868 kJ/mol respectively. Transition metal Pd is given more priority to occur the δ adsorbing model, and the decreased energy as high as 380.654 kJ/mol; transition metal Sn is given more priority to occur the α and δ adsorbing model, and the decreased energy was 272.514 and 512.130 kJ/mol, respectively. The correction of zero energy should be considered in the calculation of adsorption energy. B3LYP method is more advantage about optimization and energy calculation.
Photocatalytic simultaneous removal of nitrite and ammonia via zinc ferrite/N-doped graphene catalyst
Authors: Ye Jia , Liu Shouqing
Published: November 2021

Zinc ferrite/N-doped graphene catalysts were synthesized by hydrothermal reaction. The synthesized materials were characterized by XRD, TEM, Raman and UV-VIS-DRS. We explored the photocatalytic simultaneous removal of nitrite and ammonia via zinc ferrite/N-doped graphene as the photocatalyst. The effects of Ph, amount of catalyst, N-doped graphene content, and initial concentration of ammonia on photocatalytic removal of nitrite and ammonia were examined. The results show that the removal ratio of nitrite–N and ammonia–N is 90.95% and 62.84% respectively， when the dosage of ZnFe2O4/NG (NG 5.0 wt%) is 1.5 g·L-1 and the initial concentrations of nitrite–N 50 mg·L-1，ammonia–N 100 mg·L-1 with pH 9.5 under anaerobic conditions upon white light irradiation for 3 h. After the solution is aerated for 30 mins and irradiated for 10 h under aerobic conditions, the removal ratios of nitrite–N，ammonia–N and total nitrogen are 92.04%, 89.44% and 90.31% respectively. The complete removal of nigrogen is done.
Analysis of chemical components and liquefaction process of eucalyptus globulus bark
Authors: Liu Yongjun , Shi Hongzhou , Wang Yangmei , Wen Jing
Published: November 2021

For 5-year-old Eucalyptus globulus, the optimal liquefaction bark process was explored by analyzing the chemical components of the bark and its liquefaction residue before and after the liquefaction． The results of chemical component determination showed that the contents of cellulose，hemicellulose and lignin of bark were 36.65%, 18.98%, and 45.37% respectively. The contents of benzene-alcohol extractives，hot-water extractives and 1% NaOH extractives were 10.30%, 7.15%, and 23.64% respectively. The content of ash accounted for 7.49%. The liquefaction process showed that the catalytic effect of concentrated sulfuric acid was better than concentrated phosphoric acid. The optimum liquefaction parameters were catalytic of 3% concentrated sulfuric acid，temperature of 160 ℃ and the liquid-solid ratio of 5:1. The liquefaction rate was 82.8% under the above optimal conditions. Compared with raw materials, the cellulose content, hemicellulose content, and lignin content of liquefaction residue reduced by 17.90%, 9.19%, and 15.99%, respectively.
Study on photocatalytic properties of Cu2O/TiO2 heterojunction composite films
Authors: Zhu Hailing , Tang Yanyan
Published: November 2021

Cu2O/TiO2 semiconductor heterostructure photocatalytic composite thin films were prepared by the sol-gel method and magnetron sputtering technology. Uniform and transparent TiO2 thin films were prepared by sol dipping and pulling with butyl titanate as the raw material. P-type Cu2O thin films were reactive sputtered on the surface of TiO2 thin films with metal Cu as target source. The catalysts were characterized by SEM, XRD and UV-Vis. The photocatalytic activity of heterojunction composite films under simulated sunlight was investigated by dye degradation experiments, and its mechanism is discussed. The results show that the heterojunction film formed by the composite of TiO2 and Cu2O has good photocatalytic activity under simulated sunlight. The heterojunction composite expands the light response range and light response intensity of the catalyst and improves the quantum efficiency. It is a kind of photocatalytic composite film that makes full use of solar energy.
Synthesis and properties of ordered mesoporous TiO2 and their composites
Authors: Zhou Wei , Fu Honggang , Pan Kai
Published: November 2021

Ordered mesoporous TiO2 and their composites have many potential applications in the fields of photocatalysis‚ solar-cells, and so on, due to their special microstructures. The synthesized methods of ordered mesoporous TiO2 were classified systematically in this paper. The synthesized approaches‚development history, classification and application of mesoporous TiO2 and their composites are reviewed. Some important progress and research results are also summarized. Based on the present existing problems, the development trend is discussed.
Changes in electrolyte concentrations and hydration status in endurance horses following transport and an overnight stay prior to competition
Authors: Fielding C. Langdon , Magdesian K. Gary
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate changes in electrolyte concentrations and hydration status that take place in endurance horses prior to the start of a competition and determine whether these changes would be associated with elimination.

ANIMALS

19 horses entered in the 2016 Tevis Cup 100-Miles (160 km) One-Day Western States Trail Ride.

PROCEDURES

Heparinized blood samples were collected at 5 time points: prior to transport to the ride (T0), during check-in the day before the ride (T1), 1 to 2 hours before the start of the ride (T2), at the 15-km mark (T3), and at the 55-km mark (T4). Packed cell volume and plasma sodium, potassium, chloride, urea nitrogen, glucose, bicarbonate, and total protein concentrations were determined and compared across time points and between finishers and nonfinishers.

RESULTS

Signif icant differences were detected among plasma sodium, potassium, and urea nitrogen concentrations measured prior to the start of the ride (ie, T0, T1, and T2). For all variables except chloride and bicarbonate concentrations, significant differences were detected between values obtained prior to the start of the ride and values obtained during the ride (ie, T3 and T4). Only bicarbonate concentration at the 15-km mark of the ride was significantly associated with finishing status.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Results suggested that significant changes in plasma sodium, potassium, and urea nitrogen concentrations can occur in endurance horses during transport to a competition and when horses are stabled overnight before an event. Additionally, a lower bicarbonate concentration following a steep climb early during the ride was associated with subsequent elimination.
Investigation of fluorescein stain–based tear film breakup time test reliability in dogs in a clinical setting
Authors: Seyer Lindsay D. , Wills Robert W. , Betbeze Caroline M.
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE

To determine intra- and interobserver reliability of a fluorescein stain–based tear film breakup time (TFBUT) test as performed in a clinical environment with and without administration of a topical anesthetic.

ANIMALS

21 privately owned dogs.

PROCEDURES

A randomized study design was used. Two independent observers that commonly perform the TFBUT test in clinical practice read the same description of TFBUT. Observers performed TFBUT testing for each dog before and after topical administration of 0.5% proparacaine solution in 4 testing periods with a 1-hour interval between periods. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis was used to assess inter- and intraobserver test reliability. Linear mixed models were used to assess the main effects of testing period, observer, eye, and presence of ophthalmic disorders and their interactions on TFBUT.

RESULTS

Mean TFBUT measurements performed by observer 1 and observer 2 were 5.9 seconds and 8.6 seconds, respectively, when adjusted for other effects in the model. Intraobserver ICC was poor for one observer and moderate for the other. Interobserver ICC was poor without use of topical anesthetic and slightly lower when anesthetic was used. Observer and testing period were each significantly associated with TFBUT; the measurements decreased and were more variable after multiple applications of fluorescein stain and proparacaine.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Results suggested tear film stability is negatively affected by topical administration of 0.5% proparacaine solution and repeated applications of fluorescein stain. The TFBUT test as performed in this study had poor to moderate reliability.
Role of transnasal endoscopic surgery for the management of orbital diseases
Authors: Thomas Susan A , Pillai Suresh , Moideen Sanu P
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND. Indications for endoscopic sinus surgery have been widely expanding since its introduction, to such an extent that it is now accepted as the ideal method for the treatment of some orbital conditions. Endoscopic approach to orbits provides excellent visualization with minimal cosmetic and functional morbidity.

MATERIAL AND METHODS. This descriptive study has been conducted in the Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, KMC, Manipal, during July 2010 and July 2014. We evaluated the role of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) as a surgical mode of treatment in different types of orbital diseases.

RESULTS. 24 patients underwent ESS approach for various ophthalmologic conditions.

CONCLUSION. Results from our studies showed that the endoscopic sinus surgery approach is effective and has better results than an open approach in the management of certain types of orbital pathology.
Tracheostomy tube infection in children: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Lugo-Machado Juan Antonio , Enríquez Luis Manuel Justo , Hernández Dalia Yocupicio , Pimiento Diana Camila Navarro , Pérez Martha Lucía Gutiérrez
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND. Currently, health professionals face the management of artificial airways in paediatric groups. This action requires delicate care and a lot of attention to detect, establish and manage pressing situations, in these cases being a greater risk of tracheo-pulmonary bacterial infections.

OBJECTIVE. To identify and evaluate the scientific publications on infections in paediatric patients with tracheostomy tubes.

MATERIAL AND METHODS. A systematic review of the years 2015-2020 was carried out, using the Elsevier, PubMed, Google Academic and Scielo databases, considering the population aged between 0-20 years who used a tracheostomy tube.

RESULTS. From 322 articles distributed in the databases, 13 articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected. Comorbidities that were described as most frequently associated with infection of the tracheostomy tube in children were: neuromuscular disease, prematurity, ventilator use, congenital anomalies, chronic lung disease, obstruction airway, cystic fibrosis, and heart disease. The factors associated with length of stay (LOS) were the age from 30 days to 12 months, with a greater probability of re-entering the hospital and the presence of 4 or more complex chronic diseases. Regarding respiratory infections in patients with tracheostomy, P. aeruginosa was the most frequent bacteria present in cultures (90%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus.

CONCLUSION. Although there are currently clinical criteria, risk factors and laboratory tests associated with infections of the post-tracheostomy tube in paediatric patients, further research is required to define clinical guidelines for the management in medical decision-making cases.
Primary soft palate biphasic synovial sarcoma - case report and literature review
Authors: Tanase Ionut , Neagu Mihaela , Dascalescu George
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND. Synovial sarcomas of the soft tissue are a particular type of sarcomas that rarely appear in the head and neck region.

CASE REPORT AND COMMENTS. We present the case of a 27-year-old patient diagnosed in 2017 with soft palate biphasic synovial sarcoma who presented with recurrent microepistaxis, nasal obstruction, left cephalalgia and aural fullness in the left ear. The clinical examination showed a tumor with approximately 4/6 cm in diameter, covered with sero-sanguinolent secretions, pulsating in nature, completely obstructing the left choana. The surgical treatment consisted of complete removal of the tumor under endoscopic guidance with electrocauterization of the insertion area, without further postoperative radiotherapy. The histopathological aspect was suggestive for pleomorphic sarcoma, poorly differentiated, confirming the local recurrence of the tumor. The patient also presented lung metastasis from undifferentiated malignant tumor.

CONCLUSION. The particularity of this case is represented by the extremely rare occurrence of synovial sarcoma in the head and neck region, especially at the level of the soft palate. Complete resection of the tumor with negative margins represent the mainstay of treatment, associated with adjuvant radiotherapy, with an important role in improving disease-specific survival.
Industrial Wastewaters of the Feed Industry: use of Sodium Ferrate in the Phenol Purification Process
Authors: Altynbayeva Gulnara , Kadnikova Olga , Aydarhanov Arman , Toretayev Medet
Published: November 2021

The article presents the results of studies of the possibility of using sodium ferrate in the treatment of wastewater from organic substances on the example of phenol in the production of combined feed. This research has shown the technology of obtaining encapsulated ferrate using hexane, ethylcellulose and paraffin; it has also established the stability of encapsulated sodium ferrate in air and in an alkaline solution. Furthermore, the evaluation of the efficiency of using encapsulated sodium ferrate in the purification of the simulated solution from phenol in the technology of combined feed production.
Analysis of the Heat Pump Market in Europe with a Special Regard to France, Spain, Poland and Lithuania
Authors: Witkowska Agata , Krawczyk Dorota Anna , Rodero Antonio
Published: November 2021

Becoming the world’s first climate-neutral continent by 2050 is currently the most ambitious European goal. Heat pumps are the example of the key technology, which could help to achieve the aim by heating, cooling and domestic hot water (DHW) preparation in an ecological and energy-efficient way. This article characterized a heat pump market in Europe between 2009 and 2020 with a special regard to France, Spain, Poland and Lithuania, for which a more detailed study was presented. The analysis was performed primarily on the grounds of statistics data provided by the European Heat Pump Association (EHPA), which determined the number of heat pumps sold based on standard questionnaires from national heat pump associations, statistical offices and research institutes. The highest number of heat pump sold in analysed period of time was recorded in France, Italy, Sweden, Norway, Germany and Spain. Poland was in the middle of the list, while Lithuania was one of the last countries. Considering the number of heat pumps sold per 1000 households, Norway was the clear leader, followed by Estonia, Finland, Sweden and Denmark. Lithuania was placed 12th, while Poland was only 18th. In terms of the type of lower and upper heat source, air-to-water and air-to-air heat pumps were the most popular choices, while ground source heat pumps were the least popular. The development of the heat pump market has been influenced by social, environmental, economic and technological factors.
Population genetic indices of veined Rapa whelk groups of the Black Sea remote regions
Authors: Toptikov Valentin , Alieksieieva Tetyana , Kovtun Oleg
Published: November 2021

Genetic structure and genetic distance of Rapana venosa populations from remote regions of the Black Sea (Odessa Bay and eastern Crimea, Ukraine) were defined. Despite the significant difference in morphometric parameters, the investigated samples of mollusks are genetically very similar, and the distance between them is at the level of local populations. Common features of observed groups of Rapana in the northern part of the Black Sea are the unequal occurrence of some alleles and genotypes, a high level of heterozygosity and nonequilibrium in the Hardy-Weinberg equation. The gene flow is the most significant of the evolutionary factors that form the genetic structure of Rapana venosa populations.
Dampak Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Tentang Pemungutan Suara Ulang Terhadap Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Provinsi Jambi
Authors: Maulana Rayi Retriananda , Suwaryo Utang , Van Ylst Franciscus
Published: November 2021

Demokrasi yang baik adalah yang mengangkat kepala daerah yang baik dan dapat dipercaya dalam pemilu. Pilkada diharapkan dilakukan melalui pemilihan kepala daerah secara langsung daripada wakil rakyat, dan diharapkan dapat menghasilkan pemimpin yang sesuai dengan harapan masyarakat. Hal ini juga sejalan dengan semangat otonomi yaitu pengakuan aspirasi lokal dan inspirasi untuk menentukan nasib sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa partisipasi politik masyarakat terhadap pilkada Provinsi Jambi tahun 2020 dan mengetahui problematika sosial yang muncul baik dari segi pemilih, pihak peserta pemilu, maupun dari masing-masing calon Gubernur dan Wakil Gubernur Provinsi Jambi. Pemungutan suara ulang oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi terhadap penyelenggaraan pilkada Provinsi Jambi 2020 memang layak dilakukan. Sebagaimana hakim Mahkamah Konstitusi memberikan fakta dan data dalam putusannya bahwa terjadi beberapa dugaan kecurangan. Pemungutan suara ulang termasuk bagian dari demokrasi karena di dalam pemungutan suara ulang ada kegiatan yang merupakan penerapan ajaran demokrasi, yaitu pemilihan umum atau pemilihan kepala daerah
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN INTERAKTIF DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID 19
Authors: Arif Syaiful , Hidayati Ariza Rahmadana
Published: November 2021

Kemampuan berpikir kritis merupakan salah satu kemampuan yang diajarkan dipembelajarn IPA, hasil observasi menunjukkan nilai kemampuan berpikir kritis  40,62 yang artinya dalam kategori rendah. Untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis perlu  dikembangkan suatu media pembelajaran interaktif dengan menggunakan adobe flash yang terintegrasi dengan  ayat ayat al-Quran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat perangkat lunak berupa media pembelajaran interaktif, untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis. Metode penelitian menggunakan model R&D. Tahapan mengembangkan media meliputi studi pendahuluan, tahapan pengembangan, validasi , revisi, uji lapangan dan produk. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik random sampling dan claster random sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan angket validasi dan uji coba yaitu melalui respon peserta didik. Kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif, kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh hasil validasi ahli materi mendapatkan skor rata-rata 85,11% dengan kategori sangat valid. Hasil validasi ahli media mendapatkan skor rata-rata 84,86% dengan kategori sangat valid. Hasil uji coba produk yang dikembangkan dinyatakan praktis dengan nilai persentase sebesar 97%.
Comparison of serum anti-neuronal antibody levels in patients having autism spectrum disorder with and without regression
Authors: Aslan Cihan , Konuşkan Bahadır , Şener Burçin , Ünal Fatih
Published: November 2021

Background. Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) may present with a delay in social and communication development, or less frequently, with regression in social and language skills. The reasons for this difference in clinical presentation are unknown, and the regressive symptoms in the second group suggest an acquired process.
Methods. We investigated serum autoantibodies in these two types of ASD in a cross-sectional design in a total of 50 children, 24 with autistic regression and 26 with classical ASD according to the DSM-5 criteria. Clinical assessment by the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and Ankara Developmental Screening Test (ADST), parental questionnaires consisting of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) and Autism Behavior Checklist (AuBC) were completed. Serum samples were tested for anti-neuronal antibodies including anti-N-methyl-Daspartate receptor (NMDAR), anti-contactin-associated protein (CASPR2), anti-leucine rich glioma inactivated 1 (LG1), anti-glutamate type 2-amino-3-propionic Acid (AMPA) 1-2, anti-gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) B, anti-dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-like protein 6 (DPPX) and anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase 65(GAD).
Results. Serum anti-GAD antibodies were at detectable levels in five (20.8%) patients with autistic regression, of whom three had 2 to 4-fold increased titers, and in none of the patients with classical ASD. The age of the father at the patient`s birth and the duration of autistic regression correlated with anti-GAD IgG levels (P: 0,045, P: 0.855 respectively) in the ASD-regression group. No other antibodies were detected in either group.
Conclusions. Our results do not suggest a causative role of anti-neuronal antibodies, but the possibility of an autoimmune process accompanying regressive symptoms in a small subgroup of ASD.
Anxiety among the parents of pediatric patients receiving IVIG therapy during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Topal Özge Yılmaz , Metin Ayşe , Çöp Esra , Dinç Gülser Şenses , Üneri Özden Şükran
Published: November 2021

Background. Symptomatic COVID-19 cases in children occur mostly in those with primary immunodeficiency (PID), chronic lung diseases, and heart disease. Guidelines recommend that patients with PID continue to use their regular medication during the pandemic.
Objectives. This study aimed to evaluate anxiety related to COVID-19 in the parents of patients receiving intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment in our hospital and to evaluate the effect of their anxiety on the continuity of treatment.
Methods. The parents of the patients who underwent IVIG therapy in our clinic during the pandemic (between May 15, 2020 and July 1, 2020) were included in our study.
Results. Twenty-seven patients with PID whose IVIG therapy was initiated before the pandemic and 29 non- PID control subjects were included in the study. All patients received IVIG treatment in our clinic continued treatment during the pandemic at the same dose intervals. Parents in the IVIG group had significantly higher state (p=0.003) and trait (p=0.003) anxiety scores compared to control parents. IVIG group showed statistically significant higher scores in Beck depression inventory, than the control group (p=0.002).
Conclusions. The parents of PID patients who needed to come to the hospital for IVIG therapy had higher anxiety levels than the parents of similar aged children who presented to our clinic for different complaints between the same dates. Despite their concerns, the parents of all patients under IVIG therapy maintained treatment continuity at the recommended treatment intervals. None of our immunodeficient patients who presented for treatment during the pandemic contracted COVID-19 infection during our study.
Mesenteric tissue oxygenation status on the development of necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Özkan Hilal , Çetinkaya Merih , Dorum Bayram Ali , Köksal Nilgün
Published: November 2021

Background. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. There is limited data about the role of mesenteric oxygenation status during the first enteral feeding. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the mesenteric tissue oxygen saturation values before, during and after the first enteral feeding and to evaluate the effect of these values on the development of NEC in preterm infants.
Methods. A total of 105 preterm babies with ≤ 32 gestational weeks were included in this prospective study. The continuous monitoring of the mesenteric tissue oxygenation status was performed before, during and 3 hours after the first feeding by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).
Results. The mean gestational week and birth weight of the study group were 28.8±2.1 weeks, and 1215±387 g, respectively. The first enteral feeding was started at 2.4±1.4 days with breast milk in 85% of infants. A total of 12 infants (11.4%) developed NEC (66% stage II, 34% stage III). The mean mesenteric tissue oxygen saturation levels of the infants that developed NEC were significantly lower both before and one hour after feeding (56.1±3.4 vs. 34±8.8, and 47.4±3.3 vs 37.8±10.9, respectively) compared with infants that did not develop NEC.
Conclusions. Lower mesenteric tissue oxygenation values measured before, and one hour after enteral feeding was associated with NEC development. We suggest that lower mesenteric tissue oxygenation during continuous monitoring of first enteral feeding may be used to predict NEC development during follow-up.
Evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer and choroidal thickness with spectral domain optical coherence tomography in children with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Yılmaz Kamil , Öncül Hasan , Uzel Hülya , Öncel Kahraman , Yılmaz E Deniz , Söker Murat
Published: November 2021

Background. The aim of this study is to examine the thickness of choroidal, macular and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in pediatric patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) without retinopathy.
Methods. A total of 75 children (30 SCA patients (Group 1) and 45 healthy individuals (Group 2) were included in the study. Macular (central, superior, inferior, nasal, temporal), choroidal (subfoveal, at nasal distances from the central fovea of 1000 μm [N1], 2000 μm [N2], 3000 μm [N3], at temporal distances from the central fovea of 1000 μm [T1], 2000 μm [T2], 3000 μm [T3]) and RNFL (average, temporal, superotemporal, inferotemporal, nasal, inferonasal and superonasal) measurements were performed by SD-OCT. These parameters were compared with healthy children with similar demographic characteristics.
Results. The mean age was 14.11±3.86 (11-18) in sickle cell anemia patients and 13.15± 2.69 (10-18) in the healthy control group. Of the patients, 56.6% (n=17) of Group 1 and 44.4% (n=20) of Group 2 were male. Choroidal measurements made in the subfoveal, N1, N2, N3, T1, T2 and T3 quadrants showed that the choroid was thinner in 6 quadrants in SCA patients compared to the healthy group (p = 0.003, p = 0.039, p = 0.035, p = 0.595, p = 0.006, p = 0.005, p = 0.047, respectively). In RNFL measurements, there was significant thinning in the temporal, inferotemporal, and nasal quadrants of SCA patients compared to the healthy group. Changes in other quadrants were not significant.
Conclusions. SD-OCT is a useful imaging method in the diagnosis and screening in patients with SCA without retinopathy. Early diagnosis of retinopathy during subclinical disease will prevent visual loss in these patients.
Can peripheral blood monocyte percentage and lymphocyte monocyte ratio at diagnosis predict survival in pediatric neuroblastoma patients?
Authors: Yalçın Koray , Tüysüz Gülen , Küpesiz Funda Tayfun , Bozkurt Selen , Küpesiz Alphan , Güler Elif
Published: November 2021

Background. Previous studies have shown that the immune system plays a critical role in cancer pathogenesis. The lymphocyte monocyte ratio (LMR) and monocyte percentage (MP) have been found to be prognostic factors in various types of adult cancers. But studies about pediatric tumors are scarce and to our knowledge, there are no studies evaluating the immune system effect in pediatric neuroblastoma patients. The aim of this study was to assess whether LMR and MP at diagnosis may have an effect on prognosis in neuroblastoma patients.
Methods. We retrospectively analyzed MP and LMR at diagnosis in 71 pediatric neuroblastoma patients treated between 2002 and 2016.
Results. The optimal cut-off values of LMR and MP were determined using the receiver operating characteristics curves (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC). We found that a low LMR (≤3.5) and a high MP (≥7.5%) were correlated with worse overall survival and shorter event-free survival in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis revealed that elevated LMR was an independent factor for better OS and EFS.
Conclusions. In conclusion, LMR and MP might be valuable prognostic factors for predicting OS in neuroblastoma patients. Multicenter and prospective studies are warranted to confirm this hypothesis.
Cancer and constitutional Mismatch Repair Deficiency syndrome due to homozygous MSH 6 mutation in children with Café au Lait Spots and review of literature
Authors: Özyörük Derya , Cabı Emel Ünal , Taçyıldız Nurdan , Pınarlı Ferda , Erdoğan Ayşe Oğuz , Hanalioğlu Şahin , Erdem Arzu Yazal , Demir Arzu Meltem
Published: November 2021

Background. Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD) syndrome is a rare childhood cancer predisposition syndrome resulting from biallelic germline mutations of mismatch repair (MMR) genes. CMMRD syndrome is characterised by early onset malignancies in children.
Case. Here we present affected children of consanguinous parents diagnosed with CMMRD syndrome due to germline bi-allelic MSH 6 gene mutations with café au lait spots and multiple family cancers from Turkey and reported cases with CMMRD syndrome associated MSH 6 mutation in English literature. Hence, we reviewed English literature from 1990 to 2020 using Pub-Med database. Keywords used to search included constitutional mismatch repair deficiency syndrome, childhood cancer and MSH 6 gene mutation.
Conclusions. We emphasize that the inclusion of CMMRD syndrome in the differential diagnosis of a patient who presents with cafe´ au lait spots and/or hypopigmented skin lesions and cancer especially when consanguinity and/or a history of cancer coexist in children.
Cardiac arrest due to a fatal dose of propranolol successfully treated with intravenous lipid infusion
Authors: Botan Edin , Kendirli Tanıl , Gün Emrah , Balsak Serdar , Ramoğlu Mehmet , Tutar Ercan
Published: November 2021

Background. Beta blockers (BB) are used for very different indications in both adults and children. There can be mild adverse effects with normal doses. When taken in toxic doses, this can have fatal results in children. There are some standard therapies during BB poisoning such as insulin and glucagon but there is not enough knowledge concerning intravenous lipid infusion therapy (ILI).
Case. Herein we present a case of propranolol poisoning in a previously healthy 2-year-old girl. In this patient, cardiac arrest developed twice, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed for 5 and 20 minutes, respectively. We initiated inotropes, insulin, calcium and glucagon with a lack of response to all medical treatment. We used ILI and the patient improved after this treatment. She recovered without any disability.
Conclusions. ILI treatment should be considered with life-threatening BB poisoning which is unresponsive to standard therapies.