bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theories of International Economic Development (Case Study: Economic Development in Kosovo)
Authors: Bashota MSc. Bardhok , Hasanaj MSc. Petrit
Published: August 2016

Karl Popper rightly says that “real starting point for each research is set based on assumptions of reality, not only based on the real facts”. The text below was prepared In accordance with this logic, where the Theories of International Development are treated especially focusing on International Economic Development. Therefore, theoretical reflections present assumption side, and study of many empirically measured data will correspond with real facts, because with ought these facts assumption would be useless.Technically this writing consists of two parts: in the first part are elaborated all theoretical and practical characteristics of overall international development, while in a second part as a case study will be Economic Development i Kosovo. From methodological point of view this is a comparative study and based on statistical data, while problem treating approach is critical and explanatory.As it will be understood later, development theories have been decisively influenced by economic thinking, and the focus on this dimension responds best to the nature of the term development. On the other hand the fact of unfolding economical development will reflect interference and the nature of it’s inter politics.Today economic development becomes a worldwide goal, having a considerable place in most of the literature with economic content. Also, here are presented as well examples from different practices that reflect economic development in different periods and places. Here is presented international economic development starting with a brief description of a genealogy of this development and ways of economic development back that time. It is of a special importance elaboration through theoretical approach on the creation of capital and economic development, as  mercantilist theory, classic and neo classic theory, than capitalization and Socialism-Marxism.To better understand the nature of economic development, the focus falls on the appearance of the Third Technological Revolution and its role in the world, contemporary economy and as well appearance of the development problems and a need for different theoretical approach.As a separate part is presented international development and its measurement, the one that marks empty topic of analyses. Then, an important reflection on economic growth or economic development provides both multinational corporations and foreign investments, as mechanism of money. Hence, elaboration of these topics has a considerable place within this text linked to their role in the development or exploitation in different regions or countries. On the other hand, another alternative of Development Theories are presented “Theories of Addiction” which will be understood best after giving a broader explanation on economic development or non-development. This set overview will give legitimate basis or will expose more to criticism.
Political culture in Macedonia after the Ohrid Framework Agreement
Authors: Abdullai Dr.Sc. Jonuz , Bajrami Mr. Demush
Published: August 2016

The political culture, according to scholar Kavanagh is part of the overall societal culture, and represents a set of basic values, emotions, knowledge, attitudes and convictions, within which the political system operates, shaping and feeding political processes. Culture came as a sequence to efforts to factor the spiritual world of people in explicating policy. Political culture brings to surface some kind of independence of culture from economic factors, and the role of culture in political order and economic development.This paper provides the theoretical aspects of political culture and political systems, within which its reflection is analysed on several aspects of interethnic relations in a democracy. Also, it accentuates the preferred paths of Western Balkan countries, including Macedonia, towards integration with the European Union, which is spiked with many challenges. In the political culture of multi-ethnic societies, ethnic divisions may have an influence. The ethnic principles are still present in the political arena of Macedonia, where although there is some “interethnic reconciliation”, the failure in implementing the Ohrid Framework Agreement, signed in 2001, between Albanians and Macedonians, there are often political contractions, affecting national interests, which is in contradiction to all values of the European Union, mainly with human rights, but also ethnic rights.The object of the analysis of this paper is specifically related to:extended transition of Macedonia,political consensus,role of political parties, andinterethnic relations after the Ohrid Framework Agreement.Political culture in South-Eastern European countries has been analysed in different views, especially in the reform process, where it has an important role.Conclusions of this paper are that Macedonia must fulfil the conditions set forth, both political and institutional, based on the political culture for EU integration, since political culture, according to scholar L. Pye represents a “set of basic values, emotions and knowledge shaping and feeding political processes”.
Constitutionality and the right to self-determination of the Bosniaks as a basis for resolving the status of Sandžak
Authors: Hadžić Dr.Sc. Harun
Published: August 2016

In this paper, by using international documents, the author addresses the issue of resolving the political status of the Bosniaks in Sandžak, i.e. in Serbia and Montenegro. He emphasizes the methods of regulation of ethnic relations through mechanisms of eliminating differences, i.e. mechanisms of managing the differences that exist in modern sovereign multiethnic states. Explains the basic terms - autochthony, constitutivity and constitutionality, and thoroughly analyzes the principle of the right to self-determination and the right to autonomy, in the context of resolving the so-called status of indigenous peoples.
Evaluation of the importance of employment pacts and the case study - Moravian-Silesian employment pact in the Czech Republic
Authors: Prudká MSc. Šárká , Brown MSc. Lenka
Published: August 2016

This paper is focused on the evaluation of the effectiveness of a tool that is used in the world and Europe to a comprehensive and systematic solution of the employment at the regional level. These are the so-called employment pacts.The theme is the more up-to-date due to the onset of the global economic crisis since 2008, which brought a deepening of socio-economic problems in the labour market, with negative implications upon an increasing rate of unemployment.The Moravian-Silesian Employment Pact has been chosen for the case study. It was established as the first one of its kind in the Czech Republic, in the structurally affected region of Silesia.The result is the finding that employment pacts are generally a useful tool to resolve problems in regional labor markets.
The effects of exchange rate on balance trade and on monetary aggregates of macedonia and the impact of the current world crisis in its economy
Authors: Limani Mr.Sc. Kadishe , Hani Mr.Sc. Jeta
Published: August 2016

Macedonia is a country that is close related to the European Union countries where the majority of the Macedonian foreign trade is with the European Union countries (52%). So the Macedonian economy is in a high level dependency of Euro.  Since Denar is connected closely to Euro, and the level of its usage in everyday economic activity is close to the usage of Denar, it is obvious to be discussed as a dilemma whether Macedonia should have Euro as its currency. However, the problem lies in that whether it is the right time for such action as the best solution for Macedonian economy, keeping in mind the fact that in the international arena there is present a second crisis that is the crisis of Euro-Zone.Based on various sources and on our econometric results, in this paper is argued and supported the main hypothesis that the fix exchange rate for Macedonia is a more optimal choice in comparison with the unilateral euroisation and flexible exchange rate. Thus, during the research we found out some arguments that support the existing regime, such as: under a flexible regime an eventual devaluation of the Denar is more possible, which can lead to more negative effects on the economy than benefits. Thus, devaluation of the Denar will have no significant effects on the balance trade (export and imports) and GDP. This means that the competitiveness of a country relies on the other factors. In addition an eventual devaluation of the Denar, it will not have significant effects on monetary aggregates (M2 and M4) due to the asset substitution from Denar deposits to foreign deposits and vice-versa.
E-commerce: Buying and Selling through Internet in Kosovo
Authors: Qarkaxhija Dr.Sc. Jusuf
Published: August 2016

Before internet was invented, there were invented numerous networks that helped American businesses in multiple savings. First of, they didn’t spend money on buying printers or scanners for the computers they possessed, meaning that the money spent before on buying hundreds of them, now was saved and used to buy a few of printers and scanners. How was this done? This worked by binding the entire computers of a floor to a single network. Second, the factor mostly taken into account is the energy saving and various abuses. Imagine the enormous amount of electricity that hundreds of printers and scanners would spend  and how much energy tens of them would spend, moreover  just think about how much these devices would be used in offices, where nobody is looking, for personal interests.American business, as the most creative one and the strongest was bothered by only one thing . This was the misuse of secret corporation information. These abuses occurred when the data had to be printed and transferred to corporate subsidiaries around the world. During the transfer the data could also be lost or damaged (intentionally or unintentionally) and then the corporation would suffer losses (the data were transferred via floppy discs, or they were printed in hard copies). The solution for these problems came from the US military that had invented the internet earlier and after having consumed it for its own needs, decided to put it up for American businesses.The internet has developed its own services such as : www, ftp, e-mail, and buying and selling though internet (e-commerce). Nowadays, information exchanges with corporate branches are not made roughly, but electronically in real time. Additionally, this made it possible for a new category of web designers to be created and they created a powerful web-site through which some businesses created virtual shops and they started earning more money than they used to, in their physical stores.This American development started penetrating in other countries as well. In Kosovo and Albania the situation has not changed in terms of doing business through internet. An important reason might be that Kosovo is not admitted to third party service for payments paypal.com, as well as in the world’s largest virtual store Amazon.Inc. But the first steps have already been taken.
Organizational culture in public institutions and its impact in the process of implementation of total quality management (case of Kosovo)
Authors: Rexhepi Mr.Sc. Ilir , Qosja Dr.Sc. Ermira
Published: August 2016

Total Quality Management (TQM) is a management philosophy and approach, whose importance is growing evermore after the 90s. Kosovo's public institutions for a short time now organise activities as part of an independent state and as such they are facing ahead management challenges which are becoming more acute and in the framework of the EU integration processes.Total Quality Management in public institutions, is preceded by establishment and implementation phase ISO 9001 systems. In this paper we tried that through an empirical study in three public institutions of Kosovo, evidence the factors that facilitate or impede timely and successful implementation of quality systems and therefore of TQM. Moreover, we will concentrate on organizational culture. Analysis on the norms, beliefs, principles that characterize the organizational culture of Kosovo institutions and furthermore intertwined with the Law on Public Administration and the political context, will serve to shape the changes that need to be designed to proceed to successful implementation of TQM. In function of the analysis of impeding factors, elements of organizational culture as well as modeling the changes there will be used a number of interviews and questionnaires.
The role and influence of entrepreneurship on the growth and expanding of small and medium enterprises in the Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Gosevska MSc. Lidija , Popovski Dr.Sc. Vasil , Markoski MSc. Goce
Published: August 2016

Small and big businesses are the main carriers of the economic activities in the Macedonian economy and are of huge importance for the country’s further growth and development. Business, in order to succeed in the business surroundings, where competition is tougher, they must create strategies that will contribute to their effective working. Productivity and economy are weak points in the Macedonian economy. Because of that specific attention should be paid to the national competitiveness and productivity, through the microeconomic reforms and with that cutting on the working costs in small and big businesses through cutting off tax burdens.Entrepreneurship is most often compared to the number of tens or thousand newly founded businesses on all meridians on the earth, and are often expressed in that same direction. The idea and function of entrepreneurship is directly expressed, through the striving to confirm the massive trend of new businesses. Depending of the magnitude of a country, we can talk about tens, hundred thousand, million small businesses per year, where we find one or two cofounders, owners, entrepreneurs. At the same time this activity is the beginning of the achievement of the entrepreneurial chance, through an appropriate organizational form determined as a model of a rational behavior throughout the world.
SUBTLEX- AL: Albanian word frequencies based on film subtitles
Authors: Avdyli Dr.Sc. Rrezarta , Cuetos Dr.Sc. Fernando
Published: August 2016

Recently several studies have shown that word frequency estimation based on subtitle files explains better the variance in word recognition performance than traditional words frequency estimates did. The present study aims to show this frequency estimate in Albanian from more than 2M words coming from film subtitles. Our results show high correlation between the RT from a LD study (120 stimuli) and the SUBTLEX- AL, as well as, high correlation between this and the unique existing frequency list of a hundred more frequent Albanian words. These findings suggest that SUBTLEX-AL it is good frequency estimation, furthermore, this is the first database of frequency estimation in Albanian larger than 100 words.
Increase of Exports as a Potential Factor for Sustainable Economic Development of Kosovo
Authors: Badivuku - Pantina Dr.Sc. Myrvete , Ahmeti Dr.Sc. Skender , Shkodra MSc. Nexhat
Published: August 2016

Kosovo as the newest state in the region, in the economic aspect represents an economic complex with considerable potential of human, economic and demographic resources, having an open economy and entirely Euro integrated, with the central position in Balkan Peninsula. As a new state Kosovo is going through a transition phase and is found in an unsatisfactory position, therefore a serious professional intervention by the competent mechanisms is necessary towards finding an adequate solution which enables a speedier economic, social and cultural development, thus accessing into economic and political integrations in the region and in Europe. Kosovo economy during 2012 was characterised by a positive norm of growth. The real norm of economic growth in the country reached the figure of 2.9 per cent. The slowest developments in the regional and European markets during this year appeared as a challenge for the general economic activity in the country. In 2012, a decrease was marked from several important sources of financing in the country, especially the foreign direct investments. A reduction was also characterised in export of goods, but, growth of export of the services neutralised the effect of decrease of goods export. Kosovo suffers from the negative trade balance, implying that Kosovo depends on imports, whereas its opportunities to export local products into foreign market are very low. With intention of improving the competitive position of Kosovar enterprises, and for increasing export into world market, the existing economic policies need to be amended and supplemented and the institutional functioning needs to be improved as well. The aim of this study is to provide a realistic overview of the economic situation of Kosovo through an overall analysis and to also give recommendations with intention of improving the trade balance in favour of increase of Kosovar export in the future.
Dissolution of Marriage According to Canon Law
Authors: Ahmedi MSc. Sulejman
Published: August 2016

In the Canon law, dissolution of marriage is not allowed since it was considered sacred and as such cannot break until the two spouses are alive, except only if one of the spouses passes away. But throughout history we find cases when allowed dissolution of the marriage and causes specific conditions set by the church. Thus, according to the Old Testament, if, a man married to a woman, didn’t like something about his wife, should write a request for divorce and allow her to leave his home. Meanwhile according to the New Testament records, divorce is prohibited. Although most Protestants continue to espouse the view that marriage was sacred and as such should not be divorced, from those who had supported the idea of granting the divorce. One of them was Luther, who in his remarks before his preachers said: "In my opinion, the issue of divorce belongs to the law, are not they to whom called for regulation of parental relationships, why not have they the authority to regulate the relations between spouses". Protestant churches allow the dissolution of marriage:a) Because of adultery by the wife; allowed by Jesus,b) Unjustified abandonment of the marital community;c) If there were other reasons: if one spouse refuses to have sexual marriage, if the husband abuses his wife     repeatedly and without cause, severe illness of one spouse.
Reading Ancient Reliefs: An Approach to Interperation of Architectural Decoration in Historical and Political Context
Authors: Novakova Mgr. Lucia , Drabik Dr.Sc. BC. Štefan
Published: August 2016

Ancient treasuries promoted wealth and prosperity of the donation community. Preserved relief scenes portrayed mythological stories used for expressing certain characteristic reflection of reality (chaos, wilderness, heroism, etc.) By analyzing historical sources is possible to assign events related to the poleis in historical context. This paper shall serve as introduction of hypothetical nature of political program and contribution to the knowledge of political promotion of polis in relief decoration. Figural decoration became a form of political program, or even metaphorical ideology. The main carrier of ideological reference were figure decorated pediments and friezes. Those visualized political agenda of polis even for illiterate observers. In particular mythological stories, those that might have some ideological scheme, were preferred. They can be applied to current events of polis, but only if adequate historical sources or archaeological evidence. Mythological battles were frequent motifs. The story of Gigantomachy allowed various kind of exploitation in political ideology. The main idea was the battle between world full of chaos and world representing stability and certainty. Analogies are identifiable in the whole archaic period. The main inspiration were military confrontations with other Greek or non-Greek cities. From preserved decorative elements is possible to roughly characterize also political significance of mythological heroes. Visual display is closely related to foreign policy and inner political conflict of poleis. It is important that preserved reliefs with motives that do not deal with panhellenic scenes are lessnumerous.
Knowledge Management Experience in Kosovo Organizations
Authors: Kacandolli-Gjonbalaj MSc. Drita , Alishani MSc. Anera , Reci MSc. Arber
Published: August 2016

This paper is an empirical study, the findings of which reflect the experience gathered in knowledge management in Kosovo organizations. The main goal of this paper was to identify the realistic situation, and recommend instruments for a more effective knowledge management in Kosovo organizations. The findings of the empirical study have found inefficiency in knowledge management by organizations in Kosovo. A research was undertaken for this study, thereby directly interviewing representatives of 102 organizations in Kosovo.The research was undertaken during the period January-February 2013. Findings of the research show that most of the organizations in Kosovo are dominated by a random approach to knowledge assessment in personnel. This is the opinion of 83,3% of respondents in foreign organizations and institutions, 58,3% of respondents in education institutions, 53,8% of interviewees in state institutions, 47,4% of respondents in business organizations, and 34,8% of interviewees in the Privatization Agency of Kosovo (regional units and other operational units).The main statistical model used in this study was the ChiSquare, Asymp. Sig test (2 single-way) and V. Cramer’s. Records were processed with the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The main recommendation of this paper is the following: essential changes are required in managers’ behaviour in terms of knowledge management, thereby fostering and motivating their subordinates to engage in change and new approaches in Kosovo organizations.
Creating Clusters and Competitiveness in Business: Kosovo Case
Authors: Terziu Dr.Sc. Hysni
Published: August 2016

Providing basic theoretical concepts and an explanation of creation and organisation of clusters in business, I believe that I come closer to the aim of judging about when and how to use the most suitable and necessary manners for practical application of clusters for increase of competitiveness. Presentation of basic concepts below shall cover problems which are related to various situations irrespective to the level of enterprises.In concordance with the aims and theme, this work presents creative thinking and scientific concepts, studies, projects and programs related to the subject of competitiveness development and clustering in business. My aim at this work has been to make a theoretical-practical review of the project of competitiveness and clustering as competitive advantage in nowadays’ businesses in Kosovo, in countries of the region and in the world. Theories and concepts of promotion of clusters have up to date been based mainly on the experience of industrialised countries which may not find application in the countries in transition as Kosovo is. But, for this reason a thorough review is needed in order to determine if the levels of cooperation between enterprises in the countries in transition are sufficient in order to enable cluster development, or if a change is required in a country in transition in defining clusters, and as a result any change into the strategy of the assistance with the purpose of improvement of economic condition and the business situation in these countries, and in particular in Kosovo.Many of the enterprises have similar problems with each other which are related to competitiveness of their products, finding markets, costs of sources, quality and standards as per market demand etc. If we say that businesses have common problems, then, it may be that there is room for them to cooperate with each other into solving similar problems through cluster creation.
Policy of Tariff Protection in the Light of WTO Accession
Authors: Gashi MSc. Burim
Published: August 2016

Tariff rates are crucial instrument of trade policy. This paper covers several important issues related to the reforms of this area. First part of the paper explains the key features of tariffs as protection instrument: different policy takers and opposite economic interests; benefits and adverse effects; alternative measures of protection; dependence of tariff policy on the development priorities and the welfare effects, etc.This document explains main World Trade Organization requirements concerning protection policy such as primary role of tariffs, restricted set of non-tariff instruments, limited scope of safeguard measures, comparison on the legal development in the field until now, and an indication of further legislation changes necessary in the period of adjustment. It also gives main elements of the customs-reform strategy: choice and concentration of goals and priorities; criteria for preparation of the alternative scenarios; solving convergence problems; defining conditionality for alternative solutions and interdependence of relevant externalities. The goal of the paper is to give recommendation for trade policy reform in our country necessarily to become member of World Trade Organization.
Ethics in Public Administration
Authors: Hallunovi MSc. Arjeta , Osmani Dr.Sc. Elez , Bashi Dr.Sc. Elidiana
Published: August 2016

The goal of this study is to deal with some ethical causes in the public administration, that aim the avoidance of negative phenomenon’s as theft, corruption, etc. In this direction, the debates about ethics are becoming more and more a global tendency, as an implement through which would be found the way to get out of the crisis. The success in the reforms of the public administrations in major part depends, on the public functionaries and their willingness to make fundamental changes in the way they work. In this direction, the State should strengthen and modernize the public service, should realize an employment system, which should reflect more the merits on its service.For this reason, the government’s attempts should be concentrated on the construction of a positive image for the state and its administration as professional objective, which is oriented to the services. Being aware for the practical restrictions of this study, we firstly chose to concentrate on the local public administrations ethics. The study will be focused on the practical comparative analysis of the city of Shkodra and Durres by the realization of a questionnaire by each of these municipalities and the Agency of Legalization and Urbanization of Informal Zones (ALUIZNI) in Shkodra.
Parental Responsibilities to Children in the Republic of Kosovo
Authors: Ibrahimi MSc. Shpresa , Podvorica Dr.Sc. Hamdi
Published: August 2016

For a long time, in Albanian customary law, parental responsibilities were an exclusive competency of fathers. In positive law, especially with the reform of the legal system in the Republic of Kosovo, now both parents are fully equal in exercising parental responsibilities. Children are the future of any society, and therefore, their upraising, education and proper welfare of children is an objective and responsibility not only for the parents, but also of societal and state institutions. Although parent-child relations incorporate moral, biological and legal elements, the absolute power of parents must be shared between parents and proper social and educational policies, in the heart of which are always the best interests of the child.Kosovo has already adopted a complete legal framework, approximated to the standards of the European Union and international instruments which clearly provide on the rights of the child and responsibilities of parents and institutions in enjoying such rights. Within the range of this new legal framework, we make an effort of addressing parental responsibilities, which are exercised in terms of personality of children, and derive as a result of personal non-material relations. Our work is focused on a study of parental responsibilities in terms of giving a personal name, healthy development, education and upraising. We have also analysed several court rulings related to the rights of the child and responsibilities of parents in enjoying such rights, which we believe are to enrich and render the paper more interesting.
Methods Used to Deal with Peace Process Spoilers
Authors: Kastrati MA. Bilbil
Published: August 2016

The conflicts of the past three decades have shown that the major problems which peace processes face are the spoilers. Spoilers are warring parties and their leaders who believe that peaceful settlement of disputes threatens their interests, power and their reputation; therefore, they use all means to undermine or completely spoil the process. Spoilers of peace processes can be inside or outside of the process and are characterized as limited, greedy or total spoilers. Their motives for spoiling can be different, such as: political, financial, ethnic, security, etc. Furthermore, it is important to emphasise that spoilers are not only rebels and insurgents, but can often be governments, diasporas, warlords, private military companies, etc.In order to counteract the spoilers, the international community has adopted and implemented three methods: inducement, socialization and coercion. Often all three methods are used to convince the spoilers to negotiate, accept and implement peace agreements. Hence, this paper will examine the methods used to deal with peace process spoilers through an assessment of the strategies employed, impact, success and failures.This paper will also argue that the success or failure of the peace process depends on the method(s) used to deal with spoilers. If the right method is chosen, with a persistent engagement of the international community, the peace process will be successful; on the contrary, if they fail to do so, the consequences will be devastating.
International Legal Subjectivity: Concept and Reality in the UN
Authors: Taci MSc. Ornela
Published: August 2016

The article titled “International legal subjectivity: Concept and reality in the UN” the first, identifies debates on subjects of International Law briefly. The identification of debates serves to deal the creation of UNO (United Nations). Then, the article treates a brief historical overview on the functions of the UN since its creation until today to analyze international legal personality and its legal nature opposite functions that are dampened and transnational capabilities, the UN priority today. Also, it gives the reasons why the debate on UN reform should remain open.The aim of this study is to examine from the perspective of a qualitative methodology the characteristics of the legal status of the UN in space and in time to create a model based on Charter and on the real exercise of its functions but not according to denomination. The theories on international legal personality, the distribution of the United Nations and the consequences are not treated for this reason in this study. Also, historical and legal methods are used.The legal status of UNO is a tool to fulfil mission in approach of action of International Law, the challenge of the debate today. UNO was established in 1945 and acts are based on its Charter and international documents. The UN mission has changed today but the International Order is not in danger because the target of the UN is its renewal through reforms. The open debate on reform gives a contribution on evolution of International Law.
The Role and Impact of Remittances on the Economic Growth - Kosovo Case Study
Authors: Zogjani MSc. Jeton , Badivuku-Pantina Dr.Sc. Myrvete
Published: August 2016

In this research paper the role and impact of remittances on the economic growth of Kosovo in the recent years (2008 - 2013) through remittances, inflation rate, real effective exchange rate (REER) as independent variables and economic growth as depend variable is analyzed. The secondary data are used which are taken from international and domestic institutions which are analyzed through STATA software (an econometric and statistical program).The reason for writing is that in 2013 the total value of remittances in Kosovo was 620.8 million € and in 2011 Kosovo was among the top 10 countries with the highest level of remittances. The main arguments used in this research paper are: how do remittances affect in overall the economy? What is the impact of remittances on businesses? How do we use it for family consumption? In the research methodology are used secondary data and all of them are analyzed by STATA software which helps in calculation of OLS method of regression, descriptive statistic and correlation matrix.Also this paper research findings show us that if we refer to the result of variables that are included in the paper though OLS methods, the remittances (β1= - 0.017) and the exchange rate (β3= - 0.322) have negative impact and nonsignificant (T < 2) effect on economic growth but the inflation rate has positive (β2= 0.245) and significant (T > 2) effect on economic growth and the coefficient of determination (R²) is 84% then the coefficient of Durbin Watson Statistic (DW) is 2.11, it means there is no autocorrelation.
Extrajudicial Protection of Property Rights in the Aftermath of Kosovo Armed Conflict
Authors: Halimi MSc. Fatlum
Published: August 2016

The aim and purpose of this paperwork is to review how the property rights in Kosovo are protected in the aftermath of the armed conflict of 1999. Paperwork moreover explains the quasi-judicial mechanisms created to protect property rights, their fundamental principles, legal framework, jurisdiction and their endorsed legal remedies.This paperwork is prepared based in triangulation methodology, i.e. empirical method, including legislative application and statistical method.The protection of property rights in Kosovo is considered a serious problem and the legal system here in particular the work of judicial institutions/regular courts has shown inefficiencies due to political interference in the judicial system and the large number of backlog cases in the courts, in the other hand insufficient number of judges to cope and handle that amount of backlogs.Housing and Property Directorate and its successor Kosovo Property Agency were established as apolitical and independent institutions led and supervised internationally as an ideal solution for resolution of property disputes efficiently and un-biased.Both institutions are faced with challenges and obstacles during the processing, adjudication and implementation of property claims. However, the results obtained in this paperwork show that Housing and Property Directorate has accomplished its mission efficiently, un-biased and in accordance with its legal framework, while Kosovo Property Agency has been performing its mandate in effective manner.
Los contratos, las asimetrías de la información en salud, el riesgo moral y la selección adversa
Authors: Cano Plata Eduardo Antonio , Cano Plata Carlos Alberto
Published: August 2016

Este artículo pretende plantear las situaciones en las que existe información asimétrica en la relación contractual en el Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud, es decir, en las que un actor sabe algo que el otro desconoce. Se tratan dos grandes tema: riesgo moral, selección adversa,etc. Con el propósito de contextualizar al lector sobre el problema que se plantea y particularizar las diferencias, con el tema contractual.En los últimos quince años posiblemente la economía de la información es, dentro de la Teoría Económica, la que más ha evolucionado. Se fundamenta su objetivo en la búsqueda y estudio de las consecuencias de la existencia de asimetría de información entre diferentes agentes económicos, sobre su organización y operación.
Biotecnología en la industria de la pulpa y el papel: mapeo de patentes
Authors: Cerón Rincón Laura Emilia
Published: August 2016

La biotecnología se plantea como una oportunidad para los países en desarrollo, Colombia cuenta con condiciones que favorecen el desarrollo de esta área, como una fuerte tradición en infraestructura básica de investigación principalmente en los campos de agricultura y la salud humana. Las iniciativas regionales han ayudado a levantar el perfil de la industria biotecnológica como: El Cluster de Bioindustrial del Valle del Cauca, El ejercicio Prospectivo en Biotecnología y Salud de Antioquia y La iniciativa de Bioprogreso en la región Bogotá-Cundinamarca. Según la Cámara de Comercio de Bogotá (2005) se consi-deran a la cadena productiva del papel y artes gráficas como estratégicas para la región de Bogotá D.C.Según la visión de la Agenda Interna para la Productividad y la Competitividad del Departamento Nacional de Planeación (2007) para dicha cadena, esta alcanzará progresivamente mayor competitividad y mayor inserción en el mercado internacional globalizado, llegando a triplicar sus exportaciones para el año 2015, entre las acciones identificadas para lograr este objetivo el se encuentra el Desarrollo tecnológico, donde se propone aprovechar los avances en biotecnología. Dado esto, se recopilaron patentes que incluyeran desarrollos biotecnológicos para la industria de la pulpa y el papel del año 2000 hasta la fecha, a partir de las cuales se realizo un análisis de la información recopilada a través de una herramienta de vigilancia tecnológica con la que generó un mapa tecnológico, como un primer paso de un proceso dirigido a contribuir en la definición de políticas y direccionamiento de la gestión tecnológica para que la cadena de papel.
Gestión del conocimiento y sistemas de calidad en los clusters de empresas familiares
Authors: Saiz Alvarez José Manuel , Olalla Caballero Beatriz
Published: August 2016

Las empresas familiares constituyen el núcleo empresarial de buena parte de los países con independencia de su desarrollo. Dado el proceso de fuerte competencia fruto de la globalización económica, la formación de clusters y la gestión tanto del conocimiento como de los sistemas de calidad dentro de las corporaciones tiene una importancia fundamental para la supervivencia de la empresa a largo plazo. A lo largo de este trabajo se realiza un análisis de la interacción entre los clusters, la gestión del conocimiento y los sistemas de calidad de las empresas, en especial aplicado a la empresa familiar.
Perfil de los usuarios activos y finales de clubes deportivos de Bogotá D. C.
Authors: Crissien Billy , Cortés Omar Fernando , Sandoval Marithza
Published: August 2016

E ste artículo es el resultado de la investigación que tuvo por objeto establecer las características del comportamiento de los consumidores de clubes deportivos de la ciudad de Bogotá, determinando sus características demográficas y psicográficas. Se pretendió caracterizar y clasificar los conglomerados de usuarios en términos del nivel socioeconómico, nivel educativo, estado civil y aspectos ocupacionales. Otro objetivo quese tuvo en cuenta fue el de identificar el patrón de consumo de servicios ofertados por los clubes deportivos, los factores motivacionales asociados con la lealtad de los usuarioshacia los clubes en las diferentes disciplinas deportivas y analizar el caso particular de los hinchas de equipos profesionales. Para esto, se desarrolló una investigación descriptiva con encuestas a 336 usuarios activos y finales de clubes deportivos en la ciudad de Bogotá. Los resultados muestran un perfil diferencial para jugadores y espectadores a nivel de estilo de vida, hábitos saludables y patrón de interacción con los eventos deportivos. Los hinchas de los equipos profesionales de fútbol poseen un perfil similar al de los usuarios finales de los clubes de otras disciplinas, pero evidencian un nivel de involucramiento mucho más alto.
Valoración de la gestión de proyectos en empresas de Bogotá: nivel de madurez en gestión de proyectos
Authors: Arce Labrada Sigifredo , López Sierra Hermes A.
Published: August 2016

El propósito de este artículo es presentar al lector, a partir de los conceptos de la gestión de proyectos, programas, portafolio y modelos de madurez de los proyectos, el grado de madurez de las empresas bogotanas encuestadas a través de dos dimensiones: la primera el grado de cumplimientoasociado a cada uno de los procesos de estandarización, medición, control y mejoras continuas de los procesos de la gestión de proyectos; y la segunda dimensión referida a la interrelación entre portafolio, programas y proyectos. La investigación es de carácter exploratorio, para definir, a partirdel conocimiento, las líneas de investigación para los programas de gerencia de proyectos.La población estuvo conformada por 5.187 de empresas de más de 10 empleados permanentes y una muestra de 226 empresas. Se concluyó que el nivel de madurez de los proyectos de estas empresas es bajo, el 46,9% en la gran empresa, porcentaje que se reduce al 24,7% cuando se trata de grandes empresas, al 13,6% en medianas, al 8,6% en pequeñas y al 6,2% en microempresas. Al completarselos análisis de: nivel de metodología, nivel de herramientas, nivel de desarrollo de competencias, nivel de metodología de portafolio, programas y nivel de oficina de gestión de proyectos tendremos una idea más clara acerca de la cultura de proyectos de las empresas bogotanas.
Efectos de la gestión organizacional en la rentabilidad en PYMES: evidencias empíricas y algunas consideraciones teóricas
Authors: Ortíz Rojas Willington , Pérez Uribe Rafael Ignacio
Published: August 2016

Cualquier resultado empresarial deviene de un proceso gerencial previo, el cual necesitó de una estructura organizacional que proporcionara forma y acción a los procesos de comunicación y decisión, acordados a su vez al interior de la figura formal de la firma. En este artículo se busca poner en consideración algunas propuestas teóricas a partir de evidencias empíricas, sobre las relaciones que surgen entre tales prácticas y los procesos gerenciales en las pequeñas y medianas empresas –Pymes– y sus resultados en términos de rentabilidad.Para esto se hizo uso de metodologías de análisis estadístico de datos (metodologías multifactoriales) y econométricas (modelos de regresión) que permitieron, por un lado, resumir el número y complejidad de las variables consideradas a aquellas más representativas según su influencia en los resultados, principalmente en el ROA (return on assets) y en segundo lugar, indagar por las variables que mejor explican las diferencias en resultados financieros entre las empresas consideradas. Se pretende enriquecer el debate actual sobre la importancia de una gerencia articulada a las necesidades de las Pymes latinoamericanas, y la exploración de metodologías de intervención para la modernización de las actuales prácticas gerenciales en este tipo de organizaciones.
Quantity and Nature of Water‐Extractable Organic Matter from Sandy Loam Soils with Potato Cropping Management
Authors: He Zhongqi , Zhang Mingchu , Zhao Aiqin , Olanya O. Modesto , Larkin Robert P. , Honeycutt C. Wayne
Published: August 2016

Core Ideas

2‐ and 3‐yr potato crop rotations did not increase the levels of water‐extractable organic matter (OM).

Potato crop rotation increased the less humified portions.

Irrigation stimulated decomposition of non‐potato crop residues.

Irrigation increased levels of water‐extractable OM in potato crop rotation soils.

Composted manure addition increased water‐extractable low molecular mass and less humified OM.

This work evaluated the level and nature of water‐extractable soil organic matter (WEOM) from a 6‐yr potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) crop rotation field experiment. The content of WEOM was higher in continuous potato soils than in the 2‐yr and 3‐yr crop rotation soils except for those crop rotation soils with soil improvement management by composted manure. Irrigation increased the level of WEOM in crop rotation soils. Ultraviolet–visible and fluorescence parameters indicated that WEOM in continuous potato soil possessed a high degree of humification and that crop rotation increased the aromatic and low molecular mass portions. In most irrigated soils, WEOM contained less aromatic but higher humified components. Characterization of the WEOM samples with crop rotation and irrigation suggests that these management practices stimulate the decomposition of the humic fraction in soil organic matter pools, implying healthier soil conditions with these management practices than with continuous potato growth.
Simple versus Diverse Temperate Pastures: Aspects of Soil–Plant–Animal Interrelationships Central to Nitrogen Leaching Losses
Authors: Vibart Ronaldo E. , Vogeler Iris , Dodd Mike , Koolaard John
Published: August 2016

Decoupling productivity and environmental pollution growth is a key objective of modern agricultural systems. The use of diverse (multispecies) pastures may contribute to this objective. Increasing the species diversity of intensively managed pastures can potentially increase annual herbage growth and N use efficiency. Here, we review the literature on simple (predominantly perennial ryegrass and white clover mixes) and diverse temperate pastures (those with three or more sown species) that address the soil–plant–animal interrelationships relevant to N leaching losses from intensive grazing systems. An analysis of trial results suggests that annual herbage yields from diverse mixtures are greater than those from simple mixtures. The review also suggests that greater species diversity in pastures can increase sward N uptake, attributable to complementarity of species through differentiation in rooting depths and seasonal plant growth activity. The presence of specific species in the sward was more relevant to herbage production and N dynamics than the number of species present in the sward, emphasizing the role of well‐adapted plant functional types. The inclusion of forbs (e.g., chicory and plantain) in pastures is also shown to aid in reducing the N load of urine patches, thereby reducing the risk of N leaching from grazed pastures. To achieve the objective of increasing productivity and reducing N leaching, research questions remain around the role of species diversity on other aspects of the production system and N cycle, such as soil type and species adaptation, plant N uptake, and management of diverse pastures for successful on‐farm implementation.

Decoupling productivity and environmental pollution growth is critical to modern agriculture.

The use of diverse (multispecies) pasture swards may contribute to this objective.

Annual herbage yields from diverse mixtures are greater than those from simple mixtures.

Greater species diversity in pastures can increase plant N uptake.

The inclusion of forbs aid in reducing the N load of urine patches, which reduces the risk of N leaching.