bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cosmic Call Tech – A hands-on space radio workshop for students in secondary education
Authors: Lobas Stefan , Geisler Mario , Fischer Frank
Published: July 2022

The DLR_School_Lab Braunschweig, Germany, organized an amateur radio contact with an astronaut on board the International Space Station (ISS) for students from five different schools for the third time. While the contact itself was always an exciting event for the participating students our goal was to increase the sustainability in learning with a deeper understanding of the technology used for the radio contact. As a result, we present our concept for engaging with the students and preparing them for the actual radio contact with an inexpensive hands-on space radio workshop that was conducted remotely via video conferencing and thus is independent in regard to distance between the lecturer and the group. During the workshop the students built their own ground station to receive amateur radio satellites and the ISS. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the workshop could not be conducted fully as an in-person learning experience. To overcome this obstacle, we chose a hybrid approach. Each session started with a short introductory lecture using a video conferencing software. After the introduction the students worked in groups following a written guide which we provided. During the rest of the session we assisted online in case of any questions or technical difficulties. We also supplied the schools with a Raspberry Pi single board computer, an inexpensive software defined radio and some coaxial cables for building antennas. The tasks necessary building the ground station included setting up the hardware, configuring the software and building antennas. The written guide gave detailed information on how to complete the individual steps. It also provided some optional more in-depth information on propagation of electromagnetic fields, antenna theory and orbital mechanics to accommodate the range of participating school forms with different levels of proficiency and wide range of age of the students participating. The students were very motivated to take part in this workshop, even as an extracurricular activity during their spare time. The students as well as the teachers involved also highlighted the interesting and useful lectures and the professional support via video conferencing software. This kind of hybrid approach was a new and innovative learning experience for the schools. Our workshop offered the students an introduction to radio technology and space which would be otherwise beyond most teachers’ knowledge and capabilities. We demonstrated that such a workshop can be realized over distance besides pandemic conditions broadening the field of schools that can be involved
Spazio allo Spazio
Authors: Alfano Anita , Sarti Paola , Bernasconi Ludovico , Rurale Elisabetta , Sala Michela , Sironi Luigia , Zannoni Mario , Bernagozzi Andrea , Montani Luca
Published: July 2022

“Spazio allo Spazio", active since 2010, involves students aged 5 to 20. This educational project was launched by a group of Italian teachers from the Lower Secondary School Fermi in Villasanta who believed Space exploration could be an efficient way to convey the idea that the extraordinary experience of the astronaut, who on the International Space Station must acquire new skills and be able to dominate a challenging and unpredictable context, similar to a disabled person's routine in daily life. This was a winning choice because gradually international institutions promoted similar initiatives. The central theme of space exploration is used to promote values of sustainability, equity and diversity, allowing students to become acquainted with the world of astronauts while facing subjects related to integration and disability. Several national and international universities and institutions, at the forefront of scientific research, have contributed to this project. The main topics of the project are: 1) Space exploration: the astronaut's experience is the starting point for lessons, cultural exchanges, lectures and interdisciplinary strategies to raise awareness about humans in space, the international cooperation for the International Space Station, physical training, technical, scientific and cultural preparation. 2) Career orientation: meetings with experts in different fields, from Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics to Arts and Physical Education, help students achieve better knowledge of themselves, their potential and limits acquiring skills in scientific research methodology in a multilingual environment. 3) Inclusion: as astronauts experience the limits of gravity and disability in Space, students can face their limits, through experiences of adapted physical activity, addressing issues related to the integration and insertion of people with different skills in school and society. 4) Team building: starting from the example of collaboration which takes place in space missions and scientific research, students are encouraged to experience teamwork. This is true for the teachers too, thanks to the strengthening of cooperative teaching, in the sharing of resources and good practices as well as in the implementation of innovative forms of communication and multimedia documentation. The project aims at making students able to face new and more advanced educational challenges and cognitive objectives, developing work strategies by transferring already tested approaches and processes to new situations. This is noticeable in the more self-conscious choices that former students have made about their future. An example is illustrated by an ex-student who directed his training path in the Science and Engineering field
Attitude control research with educational nanosatellites
Authors: Martínez Úrsula , Bravo Luis , Gligor Dan , Olfe Karl , Bello Álvaro , Ezquerro José Miguel , Rodríguez Jacobo , Salgado Pablo
Published: July 2022

This paper introduces the three-axis attitude control of the ESAT platform. ESAT is a modular nanosatellite that implements the popular 10x10x10 cm CubeSat standard, designed for hands-on learning at different educational levels as well as professional training. ESAT features the full set of characteristic spacecraft subsystems (power, on-board data handling, attitude control, communications, and payload). The satellite can be disassembled to focus on each subsystem, one at a time, or used all together, and features a flexible ground segment. Courses using the ESAT platform are imparted in our university, as part of the last year of the master’s degree in Aerospace engineering, and in other institutions like the ESA Academy. They cover aspects ranging from subsystems design to testing and spacecraft operations. In addition, the platform is used in master’s thesis and research activities. Although the version that is currently being used in the courses allows only one-axis attitude control, the ESAT is in continuous development and two prototypes of the satellite have already been developed that allow three-axis control based on reaction wheels and/or magnetorquers, which is essential for the testing and verification of attitude determination and control algorithms. For this purpose, the ground support equipment has also been updated to be able to carry out the turns in three axes, with the development of new testbeds and a complete magnetic field simulator. The present work aims to show the new three-axis platform designs and its main functionalities
An example of Space Engineering Education in Spain: a master in space based on Project-Based Learning (PBL)
Authors: Cubas Cano Javier , Pindado Carrión Santiago , Roibás Millán Elena , Pérez Álvarez Javier , Sanz Andrés Ángel , Franchini Sebastián , Pérez Grande Isabel , Alonso Rodrigo Gustavo , García Pérez Andrés , Chimeno Manguán Marcos , Torralbo Gimeno Ignacio , Zamorano Juan , Alonso Alejandro
Published: July 2022

This work describes the successful education experience for five years of space engineering education at the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain. The MSc. in Space Systems (MUSE, Máster Universitario en Sistemas Espaciales) is a 2-year and 120-ECTS (European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System) master program organized by the Microgravity Institute ‘Ignacio Da Riva’ (IDR/UPM), a research institute of UPM with extensive experience in the space sector. The teaching methodology is oriented to Project Based Learning (PBL), taking advantage of the IDR/UPM Institute experience. The main purposes are to share the IDR/UPM knowledge with the students and promote their collaboration with several space scientific institutions, both national and international. In the present work, the most relevant characteristics of this master program are described, highlighting the importance of the student’s participation in actual missions. In addition, to offer practical cases in all aspects of satellite development, the IDR/UPM decided to create its own satellite development program, the UPMSats. The latest, the UPMSat-2, is an educational, scientific, and in-orbit technological demonstration microsatellite (50 kg-class) that was launched in September 2020 on-board a Vega launcher (VV-16 flight). MUSE students have participated in all phases of the mission, from design to integration, calibration, and testing, and (at present) in-orbit operation. The construction of a microsatellite, although it exceeds in time the academic duration of the master, has proven to be a very interesting and versatile tool for PBL education, since it provides practical cases at all levels of development. Furthermore, the continuity of the project encourages graduated students to continue their education with a Ph.D. and the collaboration of master and doctoral students. These reasons have made MUSE one of the most successful academic programs in space systems engineering in Spain, with high employment rates in the most prestigious space engineering institutions
Suborbital autorotation landing demonstrator on REXUS 29
Authors: Mehringer Johanna , Werner Lennart , Riegler Clemens , Dunschen Frederik
Published: July 2022

Current developments in the aerospace industry point towards more frequent interplanetary travel in the future. However, the main focus of developments is on launcher technology, yet the descent of interplanetary probes is of high importance for the success of future missions. Additionally, to the present landing approaches using either a powered descent requiring fuel or a combination of different parachutes, a third method is investigated in this project. The chosen approach is called autorotation and is commonly used in helicopters. When a helicopter suffers a loss of power, it can still land and even choose its landing site without the utilization of an engine. Similar to parachutes, the presented technology can be applied to various atmospheric conditions by modification of rotor and control parameters. Moreover, a rotor in autorotation can provide directional control and thus the choice of a landing site, which is not feasible using a parachute. All these factors make autorotation an interesting option as an entry descent and landing (EDL) technology for interplanetary missions. Our project, Daedalus 2 implements the autorotation landing strategy as part of the REXUS student project campaign under DLR / ESA / SNSA supervision. Since 2018 we are developing the SpaceSeed Mk.2, a technology demonstrator that incorporates a rotor and all necessary technological means to perform an autorotation EDL maneuver from an apogee of 80 km. The mission concept is laid out within the presented paper. This includes the main challenges like miniaturization of the SpaceSeed v2 due to the size constraints of the REXUS rocket or the used sensors for height and position determination. The importance of a technology demonstrator tested on a sounding rocket to prove the feasibility of our presented system is laid out in our publication. Furthermore, the custom development of electrical, mechanical and software sub systems is discussed. Additionally, the planned mission profile will be explained, including flight phases and different activities conducted by the SpaceSeeds during flight. Moreover, the main differences and improvements to Daedalus 1 are being discussed
Challenge of teaching complex, end-to-end space system design and development process: Earth Observation Satellite System Design training course
Authors: Lin C. C. , Southwood D. , Meynart R. , Aguirre M. , Tossaint M. , Buck C. , Endemann M. , Tobias A. , Gollor M. , Norris P. , Spinella G. , Borgeaud M. , Lecomte P. , Aguzzi M. , Boever C. , Gupta V. , Callens N.
Published: July 2022

The Earth Observation Satellite System Design training course was first offered in 2018 at ESA Academy’s Training and Learning Facility at ESA’s ESEC Galaxia site in Belgium, and again in 2021 in an online format under the Covid-19 pandemic situation. The course covers the end-to-end design and development process of satellite Earth observation systems. Two major challenges were faced by the teaching experts, consisting of the active and retired ESA staff, as well as ESA Academy’s instructional designers for its development: (1) Condensing such a vast subject domain, associated with a complex, multi-disciplinary engineering undertaking, into a compact format (e.g. 4.5 days in 2018) without sacrificing the quality of the essential technical knowledge, engineering practices and logic as taught; (2) Presenting the course materials in a comprehensive form to a group of 30 M.S. and Ph.D. students with their backgrounds generally not covering all of the technical disciplines associated with the course subject domain. The 2021 online edition of the training course, which drew on lessons learnt from 2018, consisted of 18 lectures, plus 5 group project sessions where the students put their acquired knowledge into practice and learned to work in a project team environment. This paper concentrates on the approach and logic adopted by the instructional team to address the above 2 challenges. Difficulties encountered in some of the areas, e.g. remote sensing instrumentation designs, are discussed
The Student Aerospace Challenge: a european multidisciplinary contest and tertiary educational programme
Authors: Callens Natacha , Bernelin Marie-Christine , Coué Philippe , Regnier Marine , Beylard Mathieu
Published: July 2022

Inspired by the first successful tests of a private manned spaceplane in 2004, the Student Aerospace Challenge was created in 2006 by the European Astronaut Club and its partners - Dassault Aviation, the European Space Agency, the International Astronautical Federation, Safran and Thales at the time - to allow European university students to explore some aspects of manned suborbital vehicles. Until 2020, the Challenge focused on a local reusable vehicle reaching Mach 3.5 and an altitude of 100 km. Since the 15th edition, to better respond to the evolution of the sector, a second vehicle is proposed: a hypersonic vehicle dedicated to point-to-point transportation taking, for example, less than two hours to travel from Barcelona to Tokyo. Each year, the Steering Committee defines several work packages corresponding to a large variety of study domains realistically related to this type of innovative vehicles like aerodynamic and flight control, structure, reusable propulsion, airworthiness, promotion, market analysis, legal frame & medicine. The introduction of a second vehicle having a quite different mission led the Committee to introduce dedicated topics. In addition, for the current edition, a new work package was proposed to cover potential applications of suborbital flights other than carrying passengers. In function of their background and interest, European University students have the opportunity to work, during several months, on a topic related to one of the work packages and to explore new solutions. Proposed projects should be technically realistic, economically viable and environmentally friendly. Reports and posters issued by student teams are evaluated by the Steering Committee some weeks before the “Suborbital Day”, a dedicated event organised like a mini-symposium, usually on-site where students present orally their projects and meet representatives of the different partners. The best-quoted projects are rewarded with prizes, among them, the ESA Grand Prize offering the winner team the unique opportunity to present their project in an appropriate European space-related event. To date, 216 teams and 998 University students coming from all over Europe already took part in the Student Aerospace Challenge, a motivating and ambitious multidisciplinary educational programme. Their participation allowed them to complement their knowledge, learn new skills and enlarge their network in the space sector
Deployable Fresnel zone plate antenna for CubeSats
Authors: García Morilla Alejandro , Márquez Alperi Adrián , Contreras Benito Luis Juan , Camps Carmona Adriano José
Published: July 2022

Earth Observation satellite missions can provide global and frequent coverage. In the past decade we have seen an explosion of these missions based on three unit CubeSats, notably with Planet and Spire constellations of visible and near-infrared imagers and GNSS-Radio Occultations payloads. One of the most important parts of these type of payloads is the antenna, which is limited due to the dimensions of the CubeSats. Today, the largest deployable antenna for CubeSats has a diameter of 50 cm and it was part of RainCube rain radar. ESA is currently sponsoring two studies to develop a 1 m deployable reflector antenna for CubeSats. Although the most common solutions are the deployable reflectors, Fresnel Zone Plate antennas are a simple type of antennas that can overcome some of the technical limitations of these reflectors. In this paper we will present the design and tests of a deployable Fresnel Zone Plate antenna with 155 cm diameter, at a distance of 58 cm from the feeder. During the design, the modularity of the system has been considered, so that other antenna types can also be deployed. This antenna has a triangular shape, and each end is attached to a telescopic carbon fiber rod, which is deployed by means of a toothed belt that pushes them from its inner part. Each toothed belt is pushed with a DC motor. If accepted for a launch of opportunity, this antenna will be used in a GNSS-Radio Occultations payload onboard 3Cat-8, one of the future satellite missions of the UPC NanoSat Lab
The space station design workshop goes digital - opportunities and challenges during pandemic-times
Authors: Grass Markus , Maheswaran Tharshan , Detrell Domingo Gisela
Published: July 2022

The Stuttgart Space Station Design Workshop, aimed at university students and young professionals, focuses on the conceptual design of a space station in an interdisciplinary and international environment within a limited timeframe. It lasts about one week and has been carried out by the Institute of Space Systems – University of Stuttgart for over 20 years. The goal of the workshop, besides its educational purpose, is to obtain creative solutions from the future generation of space experts. For the participants, the SSDW offers a unique opportunity for learning by doing and to get involved in a space project. Participants do not only need to apply their knowledge obtained during their university courses but also to put in practice and improve soft skills. The workshop starts with some lectures in relevant fields such as Project Management, Systems Engineering, as well as the different subsystems, for example Life Support. The participants are then divided into two teams. To monitor the teams’ progress several milestones and reviews are planned during the week. Several tools, guides, recipes and experts are available during the workshop. Within the team, each member has a specific role, which is defined before the workshop starts, allowing preparation. The mission statement of the workshop changes every year, adapting to the current plans on human spaceflight exploration. The results of the last editions have been presented at international renowned conferences. In 2020, due to the current COVID-19 situation the workshop was cancelled. In 2021, with increasing vaccination rates in Europe, the situation had improved. However, carrying out such an international in-person workshop was still not an option. For that, the core team decided to carry out for the first time the SSDW in a digital form. Adapting the existing workshop to a digital form presented many challenges but at the same time offered many opportunities. This version has allowed to join participants and staff, that would not have been able to attend in-person, and has also opened new possibilities of communication, using currently existing tools. This paper first introduces the main characteristics of the workshop before it presents a comparison between the 2019 edition, which took place in-person, and the 2021 edition, the first digital SSDW. It summarizes the activities that took place during the one-week workshop, the tools used, and the feedback provided by the participants and staff
Design challenges, and outcomes of building a satellite the size of a soda can
Authors: Perez Rovin , Abadzhieva Slaveya
Published: July 2022

A Mach contest is part of an annual event, organized by UKLSL, which combines both CanSat and rocket competitions. The first Mach event in 2021 was focused on the design of “Simple and Advance CanSats”, and culminated on a 3-day activity at Machrihanish Airbase in Scotland. It involved setup, pre-flight checks, and system adjustments. This paper focuses on the design challenges, and outcomes from building a satellite the size of a soda can by reviewing the event, the mission designed for the competition, and students’ feedback on what could have been improved to prepare the next team competing in Mach-22 which would involve developing a Rocket design and launching an “Advance CanSat”. The competition allowed undergraduate students at The University of Nottingham to experience a practical learning style by solving real engineering problems and practicing professional development skills through design review presentations and providing a flight readiness review to the launch providers of the competition. The proposed mission statement was part of the “PEAK” category, which involved atmospheric studies, where it acts as a simulation model for measuring the atmosphere on different planets and as a deployable probe from rovers to measure varying atmospheric levels. The competition exposed students to perform AITV (Assembly, Integration, Testing, Verification) processes to their CanSat and constructed procedures to test and validate the recovery system. Results from the first Mach event prove a solid starting point for future CanSat competition and space activities within our university. In the future, there are aspirations to grow a student space society and get students involved in extra-curricular STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Math) projects, and allow them to apply the theory and concepts learned in their academics
A story about how the novel ROSPIN Academy programme is bringing space education to the Romanian youth in the pandemic context
Authors: Nita Maria Alexandra , Dumitrescu Adrian , Bisag Rares , Anghel Serban , Stefanescu Raluca
Published: July 2022

Continuous education is the foundation of a sustainable society and ecosystem, and this paper relates the story of one of the most ambitious educational programmes for University students from Romania. The country acceded to the European Space Agency’s Convention in 2011,

but does not have a dedicated undergraduate programme for space education, although the local space industry is growing and is demanding more skilled professionals. In this context, the Romanian Space Initiative has been organizing the ROSPIN Academy educational programme since the spring of 2021. Currently, each Edition of the Academy has 3 Levels, coordinated with the least busy University periods: Level 1 is an introduction to the space sector (autumn 2021), Level 2 consists of a technical overview of the lifecycle of space missions (spring 2022), and Level 3 offers hands-on experience with industry (summer 2022). Although the curriculum’s core is spacecraft engineering, it aims to reflect the sector’s interdisciplinarity, so topics such as astronomy, space sustainability and policy are also covered. The Lessons are delivered in English by national and international speakers from industry and academia, ranging from young graduates to experienced professionals. Participants can interact directly with them, in a context that promotes the idea that space is not only for rocket scientists. The participants’ interpersonal skills are also trained through exercises and games about space topics, which require them to work together in teams. The accepted participants of the Academy are selected based on their motivation and thinking, relevant knowledge and compatibility with the Academy learning concept. Currently, more than 400 applicants have been accepted in the past or current Editions of ROSPIN Academy. Last but not least, the national outreach achieved through this programme is a key defining value. ROSPIN Academy is present at national level, across industries, and mixes undergraduates and graduates, with focus on the former. This is demonstrated by the evolution of the distribution of the accepted participants, in terms of city, year and field of studies. Due to the organisation’s efforts to promote the second Edition nationwide with the support of professors

from the biggest STEM Universities, this distribution has clearly evolved. Edition 2 shows a more diversified pool of participants compared to Edition 1, which mostly had active participants with aerospace background from Bucharest. As a result, ROSPIN Academy is uniting the local space communities while educating the next generation of space engineers.
Adaptation of the AcubeSAT nanosatellite project into remote working during the COVID-19 era
Authors: Retselis Anastasios-Faidon , Papafotiou Theodoros , Kanavouras Konstantinos
Published: July 2022

The global COVID-19 pandemic has undoubtedly forced the global community to embrace the transition to a world where remote and hybrid work models are becoming the new standard. But for the space engineering community, this change is more impactful than other engineering fields. Switching the entire workload from in-person concurrent design and verification activities to a hybrid or an online model has dominated the discussions in relevant symposia since the start of the pandemic. This switch is also more challenging when you must accommodate more than 50 developers who are volunteer students. The AcubeSAT team underwent this transition during 2020-2021, where all design and pro-

totyping activities for the team’s nanosatellite were moved to a remote work scheme. After several adaptations, this scheme has been fine-tuned and experimented upon to ensure that development activities could continue at a normal pace, and that the physical and mental health of the entire team was guaranteed. These adaptations include changes in infrastructure, team structure and meetings, but most notably they attempt to answer the question of how the concurrent design technique and the review processes can be implemented in an online world.

More specifically, a number of ready-made and in-house platforms and utilities, mostly based on the open-source philosophy, were used to bridge the gap between in-person and on-line workloads. In an attempt to combine the advantages of online conferencing with the casualness, directness and availability of in-person meetings, we analysed and experimented with various online platforms and project management tools to foster organic collaboration. Furthermore, the use of version control systems as a main tool for internal and external reviews and the documentation produced by the team allowed for a more transparent, reliable and streamlined review process.

All of these changes enabled the conclusion of AcubeSAT’s Critical Design Review remotely in summer 2021. The project is now in the manufacturing and verification phase, with the hybrid work model still in place. With this contribution, lessons learned from the project’s transition to an online and subsequently to a hybrid work scheme will be shared, showing how a large-scale educational project can be implemented under these conditions. The changes performed to accommodate this scheme, along with the rationale behind them and the subsequent challenges posed by them, will also be discussed. Finally, the benefits of such a transition will also be presented, which include more efficient use of time, superior project documentation and the enlargement of the project to students from international universities.
3D printed telescopes: an interesting tool for teaching Astronomy, Science and Technology
Authors: Macías Quesada Roger , Marzoa Domínguez Antonio , Casamor Martinell Oriol , Soler Ruiz Juan , Fernández Daniel
Published: July 2022

3D printing technologies experienced a huge evolution both in techniques and applications since its invention in the early 1980s. Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) was the first term used to describe an additive manufacturing technique and from that point on, many different ways of 3D printing have been developed to fulfil a variety of needs.
Nowadays, 3D printing has become more accessible to the general public because of the big drop in prices caused by the big technical developments. As a result of that, a community of “makers” has been taking shape internationally making access to designs and advice easier.
3D printing is without a doubt one of the key developments of the last decades and covers from highly technical research fields (like medicine-related investigations) to individual makers or even educational programs to encourage young people to create.
As a result of that, it can be seen daily that the so-called 3D printing has gained a big amount of fame between fabrication processes for its accessibility and ease of use, it only takes a computer, a 3D printer and time. On behalf of that, an idea for a final degree thesis was proposed: designing and printing using fused deposition modelling a telescope for astronomical and educational purposes.
The main goal of the project is to, first check the capabilities of the 3D printing technology to build telescopes for amateur astronomers, comparing its performance with the current commercial products, and secondly, to develop a set of educational resources that permit the easy construction of low-cost custom instruments for the teaching and diffusion of Astronomy and Space Science. The set of resources derived from this project will be an interesting tool for Astronomy beginners, Engineering and Science students, teachers, and makers.
In this work, we summarise the current status of the project and the results obtained with the first built prototype, as well as the design and choices made to fulfil our needs in a practical and feasible way. Last but not least, a list of possible educational activities to be carried out with the developed resources will be exposed.
Development of commercial-off-the-shelf imaging payload for cloud coverage monitoring
Authors: Edwar M. , Oktaviani Shindi Marlina , Santoso Aipujana Tiara , Muzhaffar Syachrul Gibran , Saugi Irvan Husni , Putra Dafi Muhammad Alif , Mardiansyah Galuh , Aziz Maulana Muhammad , Fitriyanti Lita Kurnia , Nuran Putri , Izzah Nurul , Pratama Giyan Sukma
Published: July 2022

Locana Bhumi payload is one of the selected payloads in The 2nd GRSS Student Grand Challenge, and it will be installed in a 3U Cube Satellite. Its main mission is to monitor cloud coverage in several regions such as Indonesia, United Arab Emirates, Oman, and Australia. Clouds have a role in climate change, they are able to reflect infrared light and cool the surface of the earth that is covered by clouds. At the same time, clouds are also able to trap heat, as a result, they warm the earth. By monitoring cloud coverage over the selected areas, it is expected that we will be able to study how cloud coverage could affect the climate system on the earth. In order to monitor the cloud coverage, the Locana payload will capture cloud images by using a small serial camera that is equipped with a low voltage ¼-inch 5-megapixel OV5642 image sensor. This camera also employs a 4.14 mm focal length fixed-infrared-cut-filter lens. This camera is able to capture 500 x 375 km2 of the area from about 575 km above the earth's surface, with that area observation, the cloud coverage is expected to be easier to observe. In terms of image storage, this payload is integrated with a 1 Gigabit memory. This memory is also used for saving the payload housekeeping data. To prevent the payload from

overcurrent situations, the payload system is integrated with an Over Current Protection module. Moreover, an alloy-based enclosure has been designed to protect the component from outer space radiation. The material used for the enclosure is aluminum alloy 7075. The payload has a compact dimension, which fits in 0.5U of Cube Satellite size. Currently, the development of this payload has reached the Critical Design Review stage and it is expected to be ready in Quartal-1 2022.
How to manage a rocketry student project in full quarantine
Authors: Santos Júlio , Silva Jeremy , Neves Henrique
Published: July 2022

The Fénix Project was created by a multidisciplinary team of forty students that aims to design and build a rocket totally Student Researched and Developed (SRAD), capable of reaching three thousand metres of altitude to participate in universitary rocket launch competitions in Europe. It was born from the will of students at the University of Beira Interior (UBI) and the University of Coimbra (UC) who in 2022 have the goal to participate in the European Rocketry Challenge (EuRoC), organised by the Portuguese Space Agency, and to present a high powered solid rocket. In the desired category, students have to develop a motor from scratch and produce its solid fuel. Due to the current pandemic situation it was impossible, on the one hand, to hold face-to-face meetings regarding teamwork and, on the other hand, to organise fundraising events. In this way, the team was forced to develop teleworking solutions and look for other ways to get some monetary sponsorship. For this, tools such as Discord, Trello, Google Drive and Google Meets were used. The hardest thing to control on a team of so many people in a full quarantine is precisely the pace. For that, this project was based on an Agile methodology - Scrum approach - which encourages teams to learn through experience, reflecting on their own achievements and difficulties during work sprints of fifteen days, promoting continuous improvement and

causing there to be a constant concern in complying with the initially defined timeline. To reward the effort allocated by students on the project, points were given to the several teams. Being compliant with the applicable standards of the European Cooperation for Space Standardisation (ECSS) also gave students a great sense of responsibility and endeavour, due to the proximity of the tasks that are performed in huge space agencies, such as the European Space Agency (ESA). With the right approach, COVID-19 effects can be mitigated without ever losing the main

focus, which is facilitating the acquisition of soft-skills and hard-skills by students who want to participate and be a part of this fascinating sector.
Earth observation education for Zero Hunger: A Massive Open Online Course towards achieving SDG #2 using EO
Authors: Steinbach Stefanie , Salepci Nesrin , Eckardt Robert , Schmullius Christiane , Rienow Andreas
Published: July 2022

Persisting hunger and malnourishment continue to be a problem of global concern, which recent climate change, as well as environmental and socio-economic crises and their impacts along the food chain further exacerbate. Earth observation (EO) holds the capacity to deliver large temporal and spatial coverage information that allow for better decision-making in food production and distribution. Furthermore, the rapidly increasing amount of freely available data and tools potentially enable an expanding user community to bring this information into practice. However, more people need access to EO education to realize this potential. EO Connect (funded by the German Ministry of Education and Research) addresses this demand by developing a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) towards the UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2: Zero Hunger. Since a conventional course can barely reflect the comprehensiveness of SDG #2 regarding both content and the people involved in achieving the goal, the Zero Hunger MOOC leverages modern learning approaches in a non-linear, adaptive learning environment to cater to a large audience and diverse target groups, and to their different scopes and levels of desired learning outcomes. The use of micro-content, drip-feeding and feedback-guided course development shall ensure maximum effectiveness. To accomplish this ambitious endeavour, the Zero Hunger MOOC is developed with a community of stakeholders from the realms of EO, education, information technology, and food security.

It builds on contents from this community which are adapted, streamlined and assembled to course modules, as well as on the expertise from the over 20 contributing universities, space agencies, national institutions and international organizations. While the Zero Hunger MOOC contributes to bridging the gap between the available EO technology and its application to increase food security, it likewise promotes stronger stakeholder connection in EO education.
Competition, research and extension: the three approaches to the popularization of small satellites in the Alto Paraopeba region in Brazil
Authors: Teixeira André , Polito João Pedro , Santos Júlio , Kakitani Marcos
Published: July 2022

There are several approaches to the diffusion of the space technologies, three of them are in this work: competition, research, and extension. Thus, the objective of this work is to focus on presenting the results of the Brazilian nanosatellite team called NoizOrbita, and also to qualify quantitatively the impact of using these approaches in popularizing the topic of small satellites for space educational purposes. The team was founded on September 29, 2020, by three people: an alumni of Telecommunications Engineering at Federal University of São João del- Rei (UFSJ), Alto Paraopeba Campus (CAP), currently pursuing his Ph.D. in CubeSat Antennas at UFSC; a student currently in the 6th period of the Telecommunications Engineering undergraduate course (class of 2019); and a professor in the Department of Telecommunications and Mechatronics Engineering (DETEM). This initiative is intended to be a gateway to the space/satellite technologies in the institution and is based on three main pillars: Competitions, Research, and Extension in Nanosatellites. The team aims to obtain and develop small satellite technologies involving CAP undergraduate and graduate students, which enables them to learn the concepts of Space Engineering with the methodology of "learning by doing", covering the entire lifecycle of a spacecraft, even in a less complex way, through Systems Engineering approach. It also encourages the students to carry out scientific studies, prepare and publish papers, participate in conferences, and through extension, spread all the knowledge acquired in the various layers of society in the Alto Paraopeba region. Team members are all undergraduate and graduate students. Considering that one of the main characteristics of the team is its multidisciplinary nature, it leads to the advantage that students from all courses offered at CAP can join the group. This is reflected a lot by the concept of satellite engineering, since professionals from various areas of knowledge are sought for working with satellites and small satellites. Thus, in this work the main numbers related to the team were gathered, collected and presented in order to assess the impact and/or reach of the activities in its first year of existence. Data were extracted from databases, histories, and records on the various knowledge and information dissemination platforms. Regarding the research approach, the team obtained a significant number of scientific productions; regarding extension, presentations with satellite subjects were performed; and a great achievement with the competition aspect was obtained, which shows the effectiveness of these three approaches.
Designing avionics for lasers & optoelectronics
Authors: Chau H. K. , Boyle I. , Nisbet-Jones P. , Bridges C. P.
Published: July 2022

Unlike imagery-based Earth observation (EO) which has become very widely and cheaply available, gravity sensing EO has not yet emerged from its fundamental science roots. The challenge therefore is to develop gravity sensing instruments that can replicate the success of widespread imagery based EO. There are three main gravity sensing mechanisms under investigation: laser ranging (e.g., GRACE-FO [1]); atom interferometers, which measure gravitation perturbations to the wavefunctions of individual atoms; and ‘relativistic geodesy’ which uses atomic clocks to measure the gravitational curvature of spacetime. All three of these measurement systems use stabilised lasers as their main enabling technology. However traditional laboratory laser systems struggle to meet the robustness, reliability, or low size, weight, and power (SWaP) requirements for use in space. A demonstrator was build that adapted telecommunications industry COTS components, and software radio FPGA/DSP techniques, to develop a new all-fibre space-qualified stabilised laser systems for geodesy that have equivalent performance to laboratory systems. This instrument was used to develop a 780 nm laser system that is stabilised to the Rubidium D2 line - the stabilised laser most commonly required by the quantum and atomic sensing field achieving sufficiently high laser performance for the laser system to be immediately useful for quantum applications (stability: 1-10 kHz, accuracy: 1 MHz); and in an ultra-compact package that has the potential to be used in space (1 litre, 0.5 kg, 10 W) [2]. This paper reports on the current student work that advances the instrument further towards a flight payload – and key avionics design considerations for future researchers. This takes lessons learnt from the ESA ESEO software radio payload in utilising ECSS design practices [3] to fabricate a robust and modular avionics back-end board that can operate with numerous front-end laser or opto-electronics configurations for different quantum applications. The new board consists of a single PCB containing circuitry for TT&C reporting of power supply and voltage conditioning, the current and temperature electronics needed to control a diode laser on orbit, interfaces for photo detectors and opto-electronics, and a high-speed analogue- to-digital conversion network centred around a FPGA. As an example, digital signal processing performed frequency-modulated spectroscopy on a warm Rubidium vapour using an all-fibre optical arrangement.
Fly A Rocket! Programme: assembly, testing and post-flight review of a sounding rocket payload
Authors: Crazzolara Blanca , Gowran Patrick , Vàzquez Mas Jordi
Published: July 2022

The Fly a Rocket! programme is a hands-on project offered by the European Space Agency’s Education Office in collaboration with Andøya Space Education and the Norwegian Space Agency (Norsk Romsenter). The programme, which comprises an online pre-course and a hands-on launch campaign, represents a unique opportunity for european university students from different backgrounds to build, test, and launch a sounding rocket and obtain practical experience. The pre-course strengthened the understanding of rocket science of the students, and taught them about topics such as the rocket dynamics, propulsion, and orbital mechanics in preparation for the campaign. The students were divided into three teams, each with different responsibilities: Sensors Experiments, Telemetry and Data Readout, and Payload. The paper will focus on the work done by the team responsible for the rocket payload. The Payload team was responsible for the sensor placement of the rocket. They ensured the readiness of all the sensors and key components of the rocket. In addition, they were an integral part of the countdown procedure, the arming of the rocket and the performance of the sensors. After the launch, the data was analysed and presented according to four previously defined scientific cases. A GPS and a barometer were used in order to obtain the rocket trajectory. Both methods showed similar results. The GPS detected an apogee of 8630.11 ±2.4m. With an optical sensor it was possible to detect clouds which were verified with a humidity sensor. Additionally, the spin rate of the rocket could be detected with the optical sensor and a magnetometer by doing a Fourier Analysis. The rocket reached a spin rate of about 19 Hz after approximately 10 s after the firing. The results of the spin rate correspond to the results obtained with an accelerometer.
Las formas de los barrios informales: casos del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (2006-2016)
Authors: Dombroski Lucas Jordán
Published: July 2022

Los asentamientos, producto de tomas de tierra o loteos informales son un tema relevante en la bibliografía de América Latina, y han sido examinados en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires desde sus orígenes en la década de 1980. Diversos estudios han tratado sobre el proceso de construcción de éstos en su preocupación por guardar cierta regularidad para asemejarse a los barrios “formales” y diferenciarse de las estigmatizadas villas. Si bien su descripción en términos de regulares constituye una idealización, en los últimos años se evidencia nuevos entramados de actores con particulares relaciones, que construyen el hábitat de forma diferente y ponen en cuestión la idea de barrio formal a futuro. Con el objeto de dar cuenta de las distintas formas con que los barrios se construyen, se propone examinarlos desde la ocupación inicial y a lo largo del proceso de construcción, entendiendo que su conocimiento resulta en una contribución importante respecto del fenómeno, así como para reflexionar sobre el diseño e implementación de políticas públicas.

Settlements, the product of land seizures or informal subdivisions, are a relevant topic in the Latin American bibliography, and have been examined in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area since its origins in the 1980s. Various studies have dealt with the process of construction of these in their concern to maintain a certain regularity to resemble the “formal” neighborhoods and differentiate themselves from the stigmatized villas. Although its description in regular terms constitutes an idealization, in recent years new networks of actors with particular relationships have been evidenced, who construct the habitat in a different way and call into question the idea of a formal neighborhood in the future, which largely makes , to the conceptual definition of the phenomenon. In order to account for the different ways in which neighborhoods are built, it is proposed to examine them from the initial occupation and throughout the construction process, understanding that their knowledge results in an important contribution to the phenomenon, as well as to reflect on the design and implementation of public policies