bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystalline Inclusion Compounds of a Palladacyclic Tetraol Host Featuring o‐Carborane Units
Authors: Tsang Min Ying , Viñas Clara , Teixidor Francesc , Choquesillo‐Lazarte Duane , Giner Planas José
Published: July 2017

A new neutral host Pd2L2 metallacycle, featuring a bulky bis[3‐pyridyl(hydroxy)methyl]‐1,2‐dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborane, is synthesized, and seven crystalline inclusion compounds are obtained from DMF, DMSO, EtOAc, and THF, with the last four acting as guest solvents. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction structural analysis shows the formation of 1:n (n = 6–8) host/guest crystals, indicating a high stoichiometric ratio of included solvent. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses of all structures reveal a supramolecular ordering of the palladacycles in the solid state, through extensive hydrogen bonding or intermolecular contacts, mainly between the host and the guest molecules.
Manganese‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Halides and Grignard Reagents by a Radical Mechanism
Authors: Antonacci Giuseppe , Ahlburg Andreas , Fristrup Peter , Norrby Per‐Ola , Madsen Robert
Published: July 2017

The substrate scope and the mechanism have been investigated for the MnCl2‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction between aryl halides and Grignard reagents. The transformation proceeds rapidly and in good yield when the aryl halide component is an aryl chloride containing a cyano or an ester group in the para position or a cyano group in the ortho position. A range of other substituents gave no conversion of the aryl halide or led to the formation of side products. A broader scope was observed for the Grignard reagents, where a variety of alkyl‐ and arylmagnesium chlorides participated in the coupling. Two radical‐clock experiments were carried out, and in both cases an intermediate aryl radical was successfully trapped. The cross‐coupling reaction is therefore believed to proceed by an SRN1 mechanism, with a triorganomanganate complex serving as the most likely nucleophile and single‐electron donor. Other mechanistic scenarios were excluded based on the substrate scope of the aryl halide.
Early evidence of irrigation technology in the North China Plain: Geoarchaeological investigations at the Anshang Site, Neihuang County, Henan Province, China
Authors: Storozum Michael , Liu Haiwang , Qin Zhen , Ming Kongde , Fu Kui , Wang Hui , Kidder Tristram
Published: July 2017

The development of irrigation is a politically important technology that enabled agricultural societies to intensify agricultural production. In the North China Plain, the historical record suggests a long tradition of irrigation, but archaeologists have found scant evidence of these technologies outside of urban areas. In 2012, 2015, and 2016, our excavations at the Anshang site, Neihuang County, Henan Province, China, revealed several archaeological features that we interpret as evidence of Late Shang dynasty (ca. 1200–1046 B.C.) canal construction in a nonurban context. By using a range of geological methods, including particle size, loss on ignition, magnetic susceptibility, and micromorphology, we suggest that these ancient canals and the subsequent construction phases found at Anshang not only influenced the development of local geomorphic conditions, but also were part of early dynastic attempts to restructure the natural landscape to facilitate agricultural productivity. These irrigation canals found at Anshang may be representative of broader trends of human‐environmental interactions in the North China Plain.
Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma in daily practice: A multicenter experience
Authors: Gemici Aliihsan , Aydogdu Ismet , Terzi Hatice , Sencan Mehmet , Aslan Alma , Kaya Ali Hakan , Dal Mehmet Sinan , Akay Meltem Olga , Dogu Mehmet Hilmi , Ayyildiz Orhan , Sahin Fahri , Cagliyan Gulsum Akgun , Yilmaz Mehmet , Gokgoz Zafer , Bilen Yusuf , Demir Cengiz , Sevindik Omur Gokmen , Korkmaz Serdal , Eser Bulent , Altuntas Fevzi ,   ThREG, Turkish hematology Research and Education Group
Published: July 2017

Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma (NLPHL) is a rare subtype of Hodgkin's lymphoma. In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical features and therapeutic outcomes of patients with NLPHL who were diagnosed at different institutes in Turkey.

We retrospectively reviewed the records of the patients diagnosed with NLPHL. Adult patients who were diagnosed after 2005 with histological confirmation were selected for the study. Forty‐three patients were included in the study. Median age of patients was 37.5 years (18‐70) at the time of diagnosis. About 60.5% patients were diagnosed as stage I and II NLPHL, and remaining 39.5% had stage III and IV disease. Median follow‐up was 46 months. During follow‐up, none of the patients died. Seven patients relapsed or progressed after initial therapy at a median of 12 months. Five of 7 relapsed/refractory patients (71.4%) were salvaged with chemotherapy only (DHAP, ICE), and the remaining 2 (28.6%) were salvaged with chemoimmunotherapy. All of relapsed/refractory patients were able to achieve complete remission after salvage therapy. Lactate dehydrogenase levels were significantly higher in patients with progressive disease compared with nonprogressive disease. Our study showed an excellent outcome with all patients alive at last contact with a median follow up of 46 months despite a wide range of different therapeutic approaches. All relapsed and refractory patients were successfully salvaged despite a low frequency of patients received immunotherapy in conjunction with chemotherapy. Our results suggest that immunotherapy may be reserved for further relapses.
Dietary fiber intake and head and neck cancer risk: A pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology consortium
Authors: Kawakita Daisuke , Lee Yuan‐Chin Amy , Turati Federica , Parpinel Maria , Decarli Adriano , Serraino Diego , Matsuo Keitaro , Olshan Andrew F. , Zevallos Jose P. , Winn Deborah M. , Moysich Kirsten , Zhang Zuo‐Feng , Morgenstern Hal , Levi Fabio , Kelsey Karl , McClean Michael , Bosetti Cristina , Garavello Werner , Schantz Stimson , Yu Guo‐Pei , Boffetta Paolo , Chuang Shu‐Chun , Hashibe Mia , Ferraroni Monica , La Vecchia Carlo , Edefonti Valeria
Published: July 2017

The possible role of dietary fiber in the etiology of head neck cancers (HNCs) is unclear. We used individual‐level pooled data from ten case‐control studies (5959 cases and 12,248 controls) participating in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium, to examine the association between fiber intake and cancer of the oral cavity/pharynx and larynx. Odds Ratios (ORs) and their 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were estimated using unconditional multiple logistic regression applied to quintile categories of non‐alcohol energy‐adjusted fiber intake and adjusted for tobacco and alcohol use and other known or putative confounders. Fiber intake was inversely associated with oral and pharyngeal cancer combined (OR for 5th vs. 1st quintile category = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.40–0.59; p for trend <0.001) and with laryngeal cancer (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.54–0.82, p for trend <0.001). There was, however, appreciable heterogeneity of the estimated effect across studies for oral and pharyngeal cancer combined. Nonetheless, inverse associations were consistently observed for the subsites of oral and pharyngeal cancers and within most strata of the considered covariates, for both cancer sites. Our findings from a multicenter large‐scale pooled analysis suggest that, although in the presence of between‐study heterogeneity, a greater intake of fiber may lower HNC risk.
Case report of a paraovarian cyst in a 15‐year‐old adolescent girl with premature ovarian failure
Authors: Zhao Zhiyi , Zhou Ting , Zhao Shan , Zhang Wei , Rong Fengnian
Published: July 2017

An adolescent patient with premature ovarian failure presented with a large paraovarian cyst. Preserving the adnexa is critical when excising the cyst in such patients.
Pyridazine Chemistry in Crop Protection
Authors: Lamberth Clemens
Published: July 2017

An overview is given of the significance of the pyridazine scaffold in crop protection chemistry. The main herbicidally, fungicidally, and insecticidally active pyridazine classes are presented, together with their synthesis routes, modes of action, and biological efficacies. In addition, the role of pyridazines as an isosteric replacement or as lead structure of other agrochemicals is reported. Also, benzannulated pyridazines, such as cinnolines and phthalazines as well as partially and fully saturated pyridazine derivatives, are covered.
Identification of group B rotavirus as an etiological agent in the gastroenteritis outbreak in Maharashtra, India
Authors: Joshi Madhuri S. , Ganorkar Nital N. , Ranshing Sujata S. , Basu Atanu , Chavan Nutan A. , Gopalkrishna Varanasi
Published: July 2017

Acute gastroenteritis outbreak occurred at Pargaon, Maharashtra, India in 1789 cases with an attack rate of 32.5% between November to December 2015. The stool specimens (n = 32) were investigated for different enteric viral agents using conventional methods. Transmission electron microscopy and RNA polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis respectively identified morphologically distinct rotavirus particles in 28% and RNA migration pattern of Group B Rotavirus (GBR) in 72% of the specimens. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing confirmed presence of GBR in 97% of the samples analyzed. The predominance of GBR infections and absence or insignificant presence of other agents confirmed GBR as an etiological agent of the gastroenteritis outbreak occurred in Maharashtra, India.
Assessment of the effectiveness of HPV16/18 infection referred for colposcopy in cervical cancer screening in Northwest of China
Authors: Zhang Qian , Zhao Minyi , Cao Di , Wei Xing , Wang Li , Li Yang , Yang Ting , Zhao Juan , Pei Meili , Jia Hongran , Cao Siyu , Quan Shimin , Yang Xiaofeng
Published: July 2017

To evaluate the effectiveness of Human papillomavirus16/18 infection referral to colposcopy in cervical cancer screening for women aged 25 years and older in Chinese northwest region Shaan'xi province. A total of 2224 women were diagnosed with primary high‐risk HPV infection by HPV‐DNA genotyping technology during August 2014 to August 2015. A total of 1916 cases referred for colposcopy with histological evidence were enrolled, including 1124 women with HPV16/18 genotype and 792 with other High‐risk human papillomavirus genotypes. A total of 1916 women aged 25 years and older with HR‐HPV positive were referred to colposcopy. The distribution of HPV16, HPV18, and other HR‐HPVs infection were 49.22%, 9.45%, and 41.33%, respectively. 71.56% had normal cervical histology, 7.05% had Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia1, 8.82% had CIN2, 7.25% had CIN3, and 5.32% had cervical cancer. The percentage of positivity of HPV16 and HPV18 was highly associated with the relative risk of cervical lesion. The sensitivity and specificity of HPV16/18 for detection of CIN2+ (CIN3+) was 82.68% (92.12%) and 47.87% (46.15%), respectively. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value of HPV16/18 for detection of CIN2+ (CIN3+) was 30.16% (19.75%) and 91.03% (97.60%), respectively. HPV16 and HVP18 are the most common genotypes in high grade cervical lesions in Shaan'xi province. Meanwhile, these two types play predominant roles in the progression of high grade cervical lesion. Primary HPV16/18 detection has high sensitivity and negative predictive value in cervical cancer screening and the strategy for women with HPV16 and HPV18 infection referral to colposcopy is efficient and feasible in northwestern region of China.
Bone healing in an aged murine fracture model is characterized by sustained callus inflammation and decreased cell proliferation
Authors: Hebb John H. , Ashley Jason W. , McDaniel Lee , Lopas Luke A. , Tobias John , Hankenson Kurt D. , Ahn Jaimo
Published: July 2017

Geriatric fractures take longer to heal and heal with more complications than those of younger patients; however, the mechanistic basis for this difference in healing is not well understood. To improve this understanding, we investigated cell and molecular differences in fracture healing between 5‐month‐old (young adult) and 25‐month‐old (geriatric) mice healing utilizing high‐throughput analysis of gene expression. Mice underwent bilateral tibial fractures and fracture calluses were harvested at 5, 10, and 20 days post‐fracture (DPF) for analysis. Global gene expression analysis was performed using Affymetrix MoGene 1.0 ST microarrays. After normalization, data were compared using ANOVA and evaluated using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), CTen, heatmap, and Incromaps analysis. PCA and cross‐sectional heatmap analysis demonstrated that DPF followed by age had pronounced effects on changes in gene expression. Both un‐fractured and 20 DPF aged mice showed increased expression of immune‐associated genes (CXCL8, CCL8, and CCL5) and at 10 DPF, aged mice showed increased expression of matrix‐associated genes, (Matn1, Ucma, Scube1, Col9a1, and Col9a3). Cten analysis suggested an enrichment of CD8+ cells and macrophages in old mice relative to young adult mice and, conversely, a greater prevalence of mast cells in young adult mice relative to old. Finally, consistent with the PCA data, the classic bone healing pathways of BMP, Indian Hedgehog, Notch and Wnt clustered according to the time post‐fracture first and age second. Clinical Significance: Greater understanding of age‐dependent molecular changes with healing will help form a mechanistic basis for therapies to improve patient outcomes. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:149–158, 2018.
Identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in edible wild leafy vegetables by UHPLC/Orbitrap‐MS
Authors: Giambanelli Elisa , Filippo D'Antuono L , Romero‐González Roberto , Garrido Frenich Antonia
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND

A recent interest in edible wild leafy vegetables has been documented. Consumers often associate these species with health promotion. In this study, several wild species of the Asteraceae family andKnautia integrifolia(Dipsacaceae) were locally documented for their use in traditional cuisine and sampled from the wild.

RESULTS

Phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to Orbitrap high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Hydroxycinnamic acids ranging from 1388 to 53 076 mg kg−1dry weight (DW) were the most abundant compounds in all species (69–98% of the total phenolic content) exceptTragopogon pratensis. Thirty compounds were identified as flavonoids, mostly as glycosidic forms of luteolin, apigenin, kaempferol and quercetin. The sum of flavonoids ranged between 212 and 12 598 mg kg−1DW; they represented 65% of the total phenolic content forT. pratensis. Three anthocyanins were detected, representing in most cases less than 1% of the total phenolic content (3–627 mg kg−1DW). Higher anthocyanin contents were observed forCichoriumtypes.

CONCLUSION

Different phenolic profiles were observed between species, especially considering the class of flavonoids. Individual species may be of some interest for their content of specific minor flavonoids. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
In vitro renin–angiotensin system inhibition and in vivo antihypertensive activity of peptide fractions from lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.)
Authors: Ciau‐Solís Norma A , Acevedo‐Fernández Juan J , Betancur‐Ancona David
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND

The renin–angiotensin system is key in the physiopathology of arterial hypertension because it converts angiotensin I, via angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE), into angiotensin II. In vitro analyses were done of the ACE‐inhibitory and renin‐inhibitory activities of peptide fractions isolated by enzymatic hydrolysis of lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) protein. Antihypertensive activity was confirmed in vivo using a rat model.

RESULTS

Lima bean protein was hydrolyzed with one of two sequential enzymatic systems (pepsin–pancreatin or Alcalase®–Flavourzyme®). Ultrafiltration of the hydrolysates produced fractions of different molecular weights. The >3 kDa fraction of the pepsin–pancreatin hydrolysate had the highest ACE‐inhibitory activity (60.15%, IC50: 172.62 µg mL−1), while the >3 KDa fraction of the Alcalase®–Flavourzyme® hydrolysate had the highest in vitro renin‐inhibitory activity. A weak correlation (r = 0.44) was found between ACE‐inhibitory and renin‐inhibitory activities. When tested in vivo, the latter fraction lowered systolic blood pressure by 64% and diastolic blood pressure by 51%.

CONCLUSION

Peptide fractions from lima bean Phaseolus lunatus protein hydrolysates exhibit both in vitro and in vivo antihypertensive activity. Bioactive peptides from lima bean have potential applications as ingredients in functional foods. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Utility of 360° Real‐time Endoanal Sonography for Evaluation of Perianal Fistulas
Authors: Sun Yan , Cui Li‐Gang , Liu Ji‐Bin , Wang Jin‐Rui , Ping He , Chen Zhao‐Wen
Published: July 2017

Objectives

To assess the diagnostic accuracy and performance of 360° endoanal sonography for preoperative evaluation of perianal fistulas using surgical results as a reference standard.

Methods

Between January 2012 and May 2016, 122 patients with suspicious anal fistulas and perianal abnormalities had real‐time endoanal sonographic examinations using a 360° cross‐sectional endoanal transducer (5–13 MHz) for preoperative evaluation of the disease. All patients underwent surgical interventions. The sonographic findings, including the fistulas and other inflammatory lesions, were correlated with surgical results. The types of fistulas on endoanal sonography were compared with the surgical classification of Parks et al (Br J Surg 1976; 63:1–2), and the internal opening of the fistula on endoanal sonography was confirmed by surgical results as a reference standard.

Results

The 122 patients studied included 111 male and 11 female patients. Endoanal sonography was able to show and track hypoechoic lesions, their locations, and internal openings of the fistulas. Compared with surgical results, endoanal sonography had sensitivity of 92.2%, specificity of 100%, and accuracy of 93.4% for the diagnosis of perianal fistulas. Also, endoanal sonography had accuracy of 87.4% for determining fistula types based on the Parks classification and 94.6% for identifying internal openings of the fistulas.

Conclusions

Endoanal sonography is an accurate and noninvasive imaging modality for evaluation of fistulas. It is a very useful tool for preoperative management and surgical planning by providing precise and detailed information on fistulas.
Response of synthetic diamond detectors in proton, carbon, and oxygen ion beams
Authors: Rossomme Séverine , Marinelli Marco , Verona‐Rinati Gianluca , Romano Francesco , Cirrone Pablo Antonio Giuseppe , Kacperek Andrzej , Vynckier Stefaan , Palmans Hugo
Published: July 2017

Purpose

In this work, the LET‐dependence of the response of synthetic diamond detectors is investigated in different particle beams.

Method

Measurements were performed in three nonmodulated particle beams (proton, carbon, and oxygen). The response of five synthetic diamond detectors was compared to the response of a Markus or an Advanced Markus ionization chamber. The synthetic diamond detectors were used with their axis parallel to the beam axis and without any bias voltage. A high bias voltage was applied to the ionization chambers, to minimize ion recombination, for which no correction is applied (+300 V and +400 V were applied to the Markus and Advanced Markus ionization chambers respectively).

Results

The ratio between the normalized response of the synthetic diamond detectors and the normalized response of the ionization chamber shows an under‐response of the synthetic diamond detectors in carbon and oxygen ion beams. No under‐response of the synthetic diamond detectors is observed in protons. For each beam, combining results obtained for the five synthetic diamond detectors and considering the uncertainties, a linear fit of the ratio between the normalized response of the synthetic diamond detectors and the normalized response of the ionization chamber is determined. The response of the synthetic diamond detectors can be described as a function of LET as (−6.22E‐4 ± 3.17E‐3) • LET + (0.99 ± 0.01) in proton beam, (−2.51E‐4 ± 1.18E‐4) • LET + (1.01 ± 0.01) in carbon ion beam and (−2.77E‐4 ± 0.56E‐4) • LET + (1.03 ± 0.01) in oxygen ion beam. Combining results obtained in carbon and oxygen ion beams, a LET dependence of about 0.026% (±0.013%) per keV/μm is estimated.

Conclusions

Due to the high LET value, a LET dependence of the response of the synthetic diamond detector was observed in the case of carbon and oxygen beams. The effect was found to be negligible in proton beams, due to the low LET value. The under‐response of the synthetic diamond detector may result from the recombination of electron/hole in the thin synthetic diamond layer, due to the high LET‐values. More investigations are required to confirm this assumption.
Surface‐attached polymer networks through carbene intermediates generated from α‐diazo esters
Authors: Osterwinter Gregor J. , Navarro‐Crespo Rodrigo , Prucker Oswald , Henze Michael , Rühe Jürgen
Published: July 2017

We report on the generation of surface attached polymer networks through C,H insertion reactions based on carbene intermediates. To this copolymers based on N,N‐dimethyl acrylamide, which contain α‐diazo ester groups, are generated and coated onto a solid substrate covered with a self‐assembled monolayer of a silane. After deposition, films having thicknesses of approximately 120 nm are irradiated with UV light having a wavelength of 254 nm or 360 nm or heated to temperatures between 80 and 180 °C. During the light or heat‐induced activation process, carbenes are formed, which react via C—H insertion with any neighboring polymer chain and/or with the self‐assembled monolayer on the substrate, thus forming surface‐attached polymer networks. To follow the kinetics of the crosslinking process, the conditions are adjusted, so that they range between 5 and 10 min for the UV‐crosslinking and 5 to 15 min for the heat‐induced crosslinking. UV‐patterning of the surface‐attached polymer networks through chrome contact masks allows generation of microstructures in the micrometer range. We investigate the layer formation process and describe the formation of microstructured surfaces based on these surface‐attached polymer networks. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3276–3285
UCSF ChimeraX: Meeting modern challenges in visualization and analysis
Authors: Goddard Thomas D. , Huang Conrad C. , Meng Elaine C. , Pettersen Eric F. , Couch Gregory S. , Morris John H. , Ferrin Thomas E.
Published: July 2017

UCSF ChimeraX is next‐generation software for the visualization and analysis of molecular structures, density maps, 3D microscopy, and associated data. It addresses challenges in the size, scope, and disparate types of data attendant with cutting‐edge experimental methods, while providing advanced options for high‐quality rendering (interactive ambient occlusion, reliable molecular surface calculations, etc.) and professional approaches to software design and distribution. This article highlights some specific advances in the areas of visualization and usability, performance, and extensibility. ChimeraX is free for noncommercial use and is available from http://www.rbvi.ucsf.edu/chimerax/ for Windows, Mac, and Linux.
Effect of tower and nacelle on the flow past a wind turbine
Authors: Santoni Christian , Carrasquillo Kenneth , Arenas‐Navarro Isnardo , Leonardi Stefano
Published: July 2017

Large eddy simulations (LES) of the flow past a wind turbine with and without tower and nacelle have been performed at 2 tip speed ratios (TSR,
), λ=3 and 6, where the latter corresponds to design conditions. The turbine model is placed in a virtual wind tunnel to reproduce the “Blind test 1” experiment performed at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) closed‐loop wind tunnel. The wind turbine was modeled using the actuator line model for the rotor blades and the immersed boundary method for the tower and nacelle. The aim of the paper is to highlight the impact of tower and nacelle on the turbine wake. Therefore, a second set of simulations with the rotating blades only (neglecting the tower and nacelle) has been performed as reference. Present results are compared with the experimental measurements made at NTNU and numerical simulations available in the literature. The tower and nacelle not only produce a velocity deficit in the wake but they also affect the turbulent kinetic energy and the fluxes. The wake of the tower interacts with that generated by the turbine blades promoting the breakdown of the tip vortex and increasing the mean kinetic energy flux into the wake. When tower and nacelle are modeled in the numerical simulations, results improve significantly both in the near wake and in the far wake.
Patients’ Knowledge of Prenatal Screening for Trisomy 21
Authors: Sheinis Michal , Bensimon Kira , Selk Amanda
Published: July 2017

This study's objective was to assess the knowledge of prenatal screening for Trisomy 21 in pregnant women in one institution in Canada. A cross‐sectional survey measuring demographics, knowledge of screening, and health literacy, was administered to pregnant women. Of the 135 women who completed the survey, 74% had adequate knowledge of Trisomy 21 and associated screening procedures. Twenty‐eight point one percent of women did not receive any counseling. Overall, 29.5% of women did not know that the screening test was optional and 10.2% of women underwent screening prior to having been counseled. Multigravidity (p < 0.05) and prior counseling (p < 0.001) were positively correlated with knowledge while first language other than English (p < 0.001) was negatively correlated with knowledge. Given these findings, an effort needs to be made on the part of health care providers to increase counseling rates to 100%, stressing the optional nature of the test to attain true informed consent.
Partial data inverse problems for Maxwell equations via Carleman estimates
Authors: Salo Mikko , Tzou Leo , Chung Francis J. , Ola Petri
Published: July 2017

In this article we consider an inverse boundary value problem for the time-harmonic Maxwell equations. We show that the electromagnetic material parameters are determined by boundary measurements where part of the boundary data is measured on a possibly very small set. This is an extension of earlier scalar results of Bukhgeim–Uhlmann and Kenig–Sjöstrand–Uhlmann to the Maxwell system. The main contribution is to show that the Carleman estimate approach to scalar partial data inverse problems introduced in those works can be carried over to the Maxwell system.

Dans cet article nous considérons un problème inverse aux limites pour les équations de Maxwell harmoniques en temps. Nous montrons que les paramètres électromagnétiques sont déterminés par des mesures sur un très petit sous-ensemble du bord. Ces résultats pour le système de Maxwell sont une extension des résultats scalaires de Bukhgeim–Uhlmann et Kenig–Sjöstrand–Uhlmann. La contribution principale est de montrer que les méthodes d'estimations de Carleman de ces articles peuvent être généralisées au système de Maxwell.
Global Health Imaging in Radiology Residency: A Survey of Canadian Radiology Residents
Authors: Zener Rebecca , Ross Ian
Published: July 2017

Purpose

The study sought to determine Canadian radiology resident perception of and interest in global health imaging (GHI) and the barriers they encounter in pursuing GHI experiences during residency training.

Methods

A peer-reviewed, online, anonymous, multiple-choice survey was distributed to Canadian radiology residents at English-language programs.

Results

Fifty residents responded to the survey (∼16% response rate); 72% of respondents perceived an unmet need for medical imaging in the developing world. A majority of residents (60%) would have been likely to participate in a GHI experience if one had been available during their residency; 65% planned on pursuing international outreach work as future radiologists, 81% of whom with on-site collaboration in education and training of local staff. However, 82% of respondents were uncertain or believed they would not be adequately prepared to help improve access and availability of medical imaging services in developing countries upon completion of residency. Overall, residents believed a GHI program would increase their knowledge of infectious diseases, increase their exposure to diseases at advanced stage presentation, enhance their knowledge of basic imaging modalities, and improve their cultural competence. Lack of information about opportunities, lack of funding, and lack of infrastructure were ranked as the most important barriers to participating in a radiology rotation in a developing country during residency.

Conclusion

While many Canadian radiology residents are interested in participating in GHI, their preparation to do so may be inadequate. Formalizing international GHI rotations may alleviate barriers impeding their pursuit.
“They are So Much More Capable than What We Really Allow”: Inclusive Beliefs, Practices, and Textbook Use
Authors: Hintz Kathryn
Published: July 2017

In this qualitative study I researched how five fifth-grade teachers’ beliefs in student capabilities influenced their curricular decision-making in daily activities with the History Alive! textbook. Students in the classrooms had reading levels 4–5 grades above and below grade level and included students with mild high-incidence disabilities. For four teachers, their strong beliefs determined what they did on a daily basis and matched the stated goals of the History Alive! textbook. For one teacher, the relationship was less clear. Three areas of beliefs emerged from observations and interviews, including: 1) beliefs about students’ capabilities in reading, 2) beliefs about students’ individual differences in learning, and 3) beliefs about students’ responsibility. Findings include when teachers believed and could articulate strong beliefs about the capability of students to read, write, and participate in collaborative activities, they designed classroom activities and assessments so that all students could learn from and participate in social studies activities. When teachers’ beliefs about student capabilities aligned with Teachers’ Curriculum Institute's principles for inclusive classrooms, classroom practices reflected those beliefs and textbooks supported their practices.
High Nrf2 expression in alveolar type I pneumocytes is associated with low recurrences in primary spontaneous pneumothorax
Authors: Chen Yu‐Wen , Chiu Wen‐Chin , Chou Shah‐Hwa , Su Yu‐Han , Huang Ying‐Fong , Lee Yen‐Lung , Yuan Shyng‐Shiou F. , Lee Yi‐Chen
Published: July 2017

Recurrent primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is a troublesome problem and a major concern for the patients. This study examined whether nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression in alveolar type I pneumocytes was associated with the clinical manifestations of PSP patients including disease recurrence. Eighty‐eight PSP patients who were managed with needlescopic video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (NVATS) were included in this study. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was assessed to determine Nrf2 expression in resected lung tissues and the results were correlated with clinicopathological characteristics by the chi‐square or the Fisher's exact test. The prognostic value of Nrf2 for overall recurrence was evaluated by univariate and multivariable Cox regression model. The expression of Nrf2 was observed in type I pneumocytes of lung tissues from PSP patients by IHC. We found that low Nrf2 expression in PSP patients, especially in young (age ≤ 20, p = 0.033) and body mass index (BMI) ≥18 kg/m2 (p = 0.019) groups, was significantly correlated with PSP recurrence. In the univariate and multivariate analyses, high Nrf2 expression was a significant protective factor for overall recurrence in PSP patients (univariate: p = 0.026; multivariate: p = 0.004). The expression level of Nrf2 in alveolar type I pneumocytes was a potential factor involved in PSP recurrence. Our findings suggest that elevated Nrf2 expression in PSP patients may be a promising way for reducing PSP recurrence.
Resolving a Methane Mystery in the Arctic
Authors: McGuire A. , Kelly Brendan , Sheffield Guy Lisa
Published: July 2017

International Workshop to Reconcile Methane Budgets in the Northern Permafrost Region; Seattle, Washington, 7–9 March 2017
Signs of Water in a Moon Rock
Authors: Hurley Dana , Pendleton Yvonne , Deutsch Ariel
Published: July 2017

NASA Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute (SSERVI) Lunar Volatiles Workshop; Laurel, Maryland, 15–17 November 2016
Target guided synthesis using DNA nano-templates for selectively assembling a G-quadruplex binding c-MYC inhibitor
Authors: Panda Deepanjan , Saha Puja , Das Tania , Dash Jyotirmayee
Published: July 2017

The development of small molecules is essential to modulate the cellular functions of biological targets in living system. Target Guided Synthesis (TGS) approaches have been used for the identification of potent small molecules for biological targets. We herein demonstrate an innovative example of TGS using DNA nano-templates that promote Huisgen cycloaddition from an array of azide and alkyne fragments. A G-quadruplex and a control duplex DNA nano-template have been prepared by assembling the DNA structures on gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles. The DNA nano-templates facilitate the regioselective formation of 1,4-substituted triazole products, which are easily isolated by magnetic decantation. The G-quadruplex nano-template can be easily recovered and reused for five reaction cycles. The major triazole product, generated by the G-quadruplex inhibits c-MYC expression by directly targeting the c-MYC promoter G-quadruplex. This work highlights that the nano-TGS approach may serve as a valuable strategy to generate target-selective ligands for drug discovery.
Effect of water activity on rates of serpentinization of olivine
Authors: Lamadrid Hector M. , Rimstidt J. Donald , Schwarzenbach Esther M. , Klein Frieder , Ulrich Sarah , Dolocan Andrei , Bodnar Robert J.
Published: July 2017

The hydrothermal alteration of mantle rocks (referred to as serpentinization) occurs in submarine environments extending from mid-ocean ridges to subduction zones. Serpentinization affects the physical and chemical properties of oceanic lithosphere, represents one of the major mechanisms driving mass exchange between the mantle and the Earth’s surface, and is central to current origin of life hypotheses as well as the search for microbial life on the icy moons of Jupiter and Saturn. In spite of increasing interest in the serpentinization process by researchers in diverse fields, the rates of serpentinization and the controlling factors are poorly understood. Here we use a novel in situ experimental method involving olivine micro-reactors and show that the rate of serpentinization is strongly controlled by the salinity (water activity) of the reacting fluid and demonstrate that the rate of serpentinization of olivine slows down as salinity increases and H2O activity decreases.
Stage 1 development of a patient-reported experience measure (PREM) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Authors: Walker Susan , Andrew Sharon , Hodson Matthew , Roberts C. Michael
Published: July 2017

The study aimed to explore patients’ experience of living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and their perspective of their community healthcare for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to extract affective responses in order to develop potential items for a patient-reported experience measure for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Qualitative face-face interviews were conducted, in the community, with 64 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease recruited from General Practices and Breathe-Easy community groups in the Outer North East, East and City areas of London and Essex, UK. A two phase analysis of the qualitative data was conducted to identify themes arising from patients’ description of living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and their perceptions of their community healthcare and subsequently the affective responses underlying the themes raised by patients, which gave emotional colour to the themes, bringing the thematic analysis closer to the subjective patient experience. Five themes were identified from the interview data: ‘Journey to diagnosis’; ‘Smoking’; ‘Usual care’; ‘My everyday life’; and ‘Exacerbations’. Twenty-one affective responses were identified and categorised as either ‘negative’, ‘positive’ or ‘bivalent’. ‘Frustration’, a negative affective response was prevalent in four themes. ‘Gratitude’, ‘hope’ and ‘happiness/enjoyment’ were among the more positive responses more prevalent across several themes. By conducting a novel two-way analysis (thematic and affective) it was possible to identify themes and affective responses that were aligned to those themes. This enabled the development of 38 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-specific experience items to take forward for further testing including item reduction and validity and reliability in the next stage of the patient-reported experience measure development.
Growth hormone reverses dyslipidemia in adult offspring after maternal undernutrition
Authors: Zhu Wei-fen , Tang Sheng-jie , Shen Zheng , Wang Ying-min , Liang Li
Published: July 2017

The abnormal intrauterine milieu of fetal growth retardation could lead to dyslipidemia in adulthood. Studies have shown that growth hormone (GH) therapy in small for gestational age (SGA) children would be beneficial for metabolic parameters. Here we investigated whether GH treatment introduced at adolescent period in SGA could reverse dyslipidemia during later life. SGA rat model was established by using semi-starvation treatment during the whole pregnancy. SGA or appropriate for gestational age (AGA) offspring were assigned to receive GH or normal saline (NS). Once-daily subcutaneous injections of GH were administered between 21–35 days of age. In adulthood, as compared to AGA, SGA showed: (1) decreased body weight and length; (2) increased serum triglycerides; (3) down-regulated hepatic AMPK-α1 but up-regulated SREBP-1c and ACC-1; (4) a significant reduction in histone H3 acetylation at the promoter of AMPK-α1. Exogenous GH administration led to a restoration of body weight and length and normalized serum triglycerides by reversing expression of AMPK-α1 and its targeted genes SREBP-1c and ACC-1, through increasing H3 acetylation at the promoter of AMPK-α1 in SGA in adult period. These results demonstrated positive effects on lipid metabolism by a short treatment course of GH in SGA adult period.
Geometric Heterogeneity of Continental Shale in the Yanchang Formation, Southern Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Li Lihui , Huang Beixiu , Tan Yufang , Deng Xiaolong , Li Yanyan , Zheng Hu
Published: July 2017

Favorable prospects for the exploration of shale gas have been demonstrated in the Ordos Basin, China. Outcrop and core observations indicate that there are abundant laminas in the shale strata, which exert a great influence on hydro-fracture propagation, gas storage and fluid flow. In this study, the continental shale of the Chang 72 Member, collected from the south of Ordos Basin, was investigated to characterize the geometric heterogeneity. Laminas at multiple scales were observed and measured using conventional logging, borehole TV, core analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and the Particle and Crack Analysis System. These measurement tools correspond to the meter scale, decimeter scale, centimeter scale, millimeter scale and ten-micrometer scale, respectively, with measured thicknesses of 2.26 m, 2.09 dm, 1.70 cm, 1.48 mm and 11.70 μm, respectively. Fractal theory was used to analyze the power exponent distribution of the lamina thickness, with a resulting fractal dimension of 1.06. Finally, a geometric heterogeneity model was proposed for the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the study area and verified by a modeled thickness of 26.30 m for the Chang 72 Member at the 10-m scale. The model facilitates cross-scale analysis and provides parameter guidance for heterogeneity characterization in the numerical simulation and model test of the shale gas reservoir.
A population-specific reference panel empowers genetic studies of Anabaptist populations
Authors: Hou Liping , Kember Rachel L. , Roach Jared C. , O’Connell Jeffrey R. , Craig David W. , Bucan Maja , Scott William K. , Pericak-Vance Margaret , Haines Jonathan L. , Crawford Michael H. , Shuldiner Alan R. , McMahon Francis J.
Published: July 2017

Genotype imputation is a powerful strategy for achieving the large sample sizes required for identification of variants underlying complex phenotypes, but imputation of rare variants remains problematic. Genetically isolated populations offer one solution, however population-specific reference panels are needed to assure optimal imputation accuracy and allele frequency estimation. Here we report the Anabaptist Genome Reference Panel (AGRP), the first whole-genome catalogue of variants and phased haplotypes in people of Amish and Mennonite ancestry. Based on high-depth whole-genome sequence (WGS) from 265 individuals, the AGRP contains >12 M high-confidence single nucleotide variants and short indels, of which ~12.5% are novel. These Anabaptist-specific variants were more deleterious than variants with comparable frequencies observed in the 1000 Genomes panel. About 43,000 variants showed enriched allele frequencies in AGRP, consistent with drift. When combined with the 1000 Genomes Project reference panel, the AGRP substantially improved imputation, especially for rarer variants. The AGRP is freely available to researchers through an imputation server.
Expansion of human midbrain floor plate progenitors from induced pluripotent stem cells increases dopaminergic neuron differentiation potential
Authors: Fedele Stefania , Collo Ginetta , Behr Katharina , Bischofberger Josef , Müller Stephan , Kunath Tilo , Christensen Klaus , Gündner Anna Lisa , Graf Martin , Jagasia Ravi , Taylor Verdon
Published: July 2017

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are invaluable to study developmental processes and disease mechanisms particularly in the brain. hiPSCs can be differentiated into mature and functional dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Having robust protocols for the generation of differentiated DA neurons from pluripotent cells is a prerequisite for the use of hiPSCs to study disease mechanisms, for drug discovery, and eventually for cell replacement therapy. Here, we describe a protocol for generating and expanding large numbers of homogeneous midbrain floor plate progenitors (mFPPs) that retain efficient DA neurogenic potential over multiple passages and can be cryobanked. We demonstrate that expanded mFPPs have increased DA neuron potential and differentiate more efficiently and rapidly than progenitors generated by standard protocols. In addition, this novel method results in increased numbers of DA neurons thatin vitroshow characteristic electrophysiological properties of nigrostriatal DA neurons, produce high levels of dopamine, and integrate into host mice when graftedin vivo. Thus, we describe a robust method for producing human mesencephalic DA neurons from hiPSCs.
Transcriptome profiling of the spermatheca identifies genes potentially involved in the long-term sperm storage of ant queens
Authors: Gotoh Ayako , Shigenobu Shuji , Yamaguchi Katsushi , Kobayashi Satoru , Ito Fuminori , Tsuji Kazuki
Published: July 2017

Females of social Hymenoptera only mate at the beginning of their adult lives and produce offspring until their death. In most ant species, queens live for over a decade, indicating that ant queens can store large numbers of spermatozoa throughout their long lives. To reveal the prolonged sperm storage mechanisms, we identified enriched genes in the sperm-storage organ (spermatheca) relative to those in body samples inCrematogaster osakensisqueens using the RNA-sequencing method. The genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, proteases, and extracellular matrix-related genes, and novel genes that have no similar sequences in the public databases were identified. We also performed differential expression analyses between the virgin and mated spermathecae or between the spermathecae at 1-week and 1-year after mating, to identify genes altered by the mating status or by the sperm storage period, respectively. Gene Ontology enrichment analyses suggested that antioxidant function is enhanced in the spermatheca at 1-week after mating compared with the virgin spermatheca and the spermatheca at 1-year after mating.In situhybridization analyses of 128 selected contigs revealed that 12 contigs were particular to the spermatheca. These genes have never been reported in the reproductive organs of insect females, suggesting specialized roles in ant spermatheca.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Comparison of traditional and new generation DNA markers declares high genetic diversity and differentiated population structure of wild almond species
Authors: Sorkheh Karim , Dehkordi Mehrana Koohi , Ercisli Sezai , Hegedus Attila , Halász Júlia
Published: July 2017

Wild almond species as sources of genetic variation may have crucial importance in breeding. A total of 389 accessions of 18 species have been analysed using inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP), retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism (REMAP), sequence-specific amplification polymorphism (S-SAP), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and simple sequence repeats (SSR). Retrotransposon markers indicated the presence and movement of some Ty3-gypsyand Ty1-copia-elements in almond genome. Since transposable elements are associated with large-scale genome alterations, REMAP produced more reliable phylogenetic inferences than AFLP where homoplasy may affect clustering. In addition, high resolution melting (HRM) analysis was developed to detect SNPs. HRM analysis revealed 1:189 bp frequency of SNPs in exon positions, and the transition-to-transversion proportion was 1.84:1. The low transition bias suggests low methylation levels in almond genome. The polymorphic information content (PIC) was the highest for SSR markers, while SNPs had an average PIC of 0.59, which is close to the values of the rest of the markers. Huge genetic diversity, fragmented population structure and footprints of human selection was confirmed by merging information from all marker strategies. Considering time, cost and performance HRM can be a marker of choice in future studies ofPrunusdiversity.
Antarctic sea ice region as a source of biogenic organic nitrogen in aerosols
Authors: Dall’Osto Manuel , Ovadnevaite Jurgita , Paglione Marco , Beddows David C. S. , Ceburnis Darius , Cree Charlotte , Cortés Pau , Zamanillo Marina , Nunes Sdena O. , Pérez Gonzalo L. , Ortega-Retuerta Eva , Emelianov Mikhail , Vaqué Dolors , Marrasé Cèlia , Estrada Marta , Sala M. Montserrat , Vidal Montserrat , Fitzsimons Mark F. , Beale Rachael , Airs Ruth , Rinaldi Matteo , Decesari Stefano , Cristina Facchini Maria , Harrison Roy M. , O’Dowd Colin , Simó Rafel
Published: July 2017

Climate warming affects the development and distribution of sea ice, but at present the evidence of polar ecosystem feedbacks on climate through changes in the atmosphere is sparse. By means of synergistic atmospheric and oceanic measurements in the Southern Ocean near Antarctica, we present evidence that the microbiota of sea ice and sea ice-influenced ocean are a previously unknown significant source of atmospheric organic nitrogen, including low molecular weight alkyl-amines. Given the keystone role of nitrogen compounds in aerosol formation, growth and neutralization, our findings call for greater chemical and source diversity in the modelling efforts linking the marine ecosystem to aerosol-mediated climate effects in the Southern Ocean.