bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Process of Western Identity Formation: Focusing on the International Expositions and Museums in the 19th Century
Authors: Park Yoon Ok
Published: April 2021

This paper is to explore how the western identity has been established from the perspective of world expositions and museums in Europe, although the issue of identity is so broad that it is difficult to discuss in any one field. In the western world, large-scale international expositions competitively opened in major cities, mainly in Europe and the United States as the nineteenth century is called as the golden age of international expositions. Primarily in England and France, these two countries sought to achieve their goals of promoting trade, developing new technologies, educating the middle class and manifesting their political stance through the medium of exhibitions during the Industrial Revolution. With this effect, not only have museums been established but they have emerged as a result of the expositions in a number of cities in Europe and the United States. Through international expositions and the museum establishment, the nineteenth century presented the power of each country, imperialism and the enlightenment of the public. The comparison and competition between hosting countries as well as the major participating nations became a tool to represent their national identity and show their pride that they were civilized and superior to colonists. Flourished in this era, imperialism and colonialism have contributed to the accumulation of collections of western museums along with the exposition, thereby resulting in the foundation of Western studies such as anthropology, archaeology and natural sciences. These studies were classified and interpreted from the western perspective. In accordance, these disciplines spread throughout the world with colonialism in the Western world view and Eurocentric mindset. Competitive exposure to the country’s industrial development through international expositions and the accumulation of collections in museums of permanent institutions served as an important vehicle of demonstrating who they were.
Integrasi Moderasi Beragama dalam Pengembangan Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Suprapto Suprapto
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the midst of the strengthening of the discourse on character education, religious moderation, and countering religious radicalism and terrorism, the study of Islamic religious education in public schools based on Islamic boarding schools is interesting to do. In this context, various problems arise related to the material and content of the Islamic religious education curriculum (PAI). Education under pesantren is no longer directed at the mastery of religious knowledge but also general science. This of course has an impact on shifting curriculum content and its implementation. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach based on empirical phenomena. Data were collected through interviews, involved observations, questionnaires, documentation, and literature review. This research produces a model for implementing religious moderation education through the development of the PAI curriculum to present a moderate Islamic movement among students that teaches: (1) building tolerance among different groups of students, both outside Islam and within Islam; (2) spreading peace in their social environment; (3) prioritizing interfaith dialogue and (4) instilling openness with outside parties and 4) rejecting hate speech (hoaxes) both inside and outside schools. This study recommends the importance of teaching and practicing religious moderation among students to present moderate Islamic movements and habituation of noble morals. AbstrakDi tengah menguatnya wacana pendidikan karakter, moderasi beragama, serta penanggulangan radikalisme dan terorisme bernunsa agama, kajian pendidikan agama Islam di sekolah umum berbasis pondok pesantren menarik untuk dilakukan. Dalam konteks ini muncul berbagai masalah terkait dengan materi dan muatan kurikulum pendidikan agama Islam (PAI). Pendidikan di bawah pesantren tidak lagi diarahkan pada penguasaan ilmu agama saja melainkan juga ilmu umum, Hal ini tentu berdampak pada pergeseran muatan kurikulum dan implementasinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskritif berdasarkan fenomena empirik. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, pengamatan terlibat, angket, dokumentasi, dan kajian pustaka. Penelitian ini menghasilkan model penyelenggaraan pendidikan moderasi beragama melalui pengembangan kurikulum PAI untuk menghadirkan gerakan Islam moderat di kalangan peserta didik yang mengajarkan: (1) membangun toleransi di antara kelompok peserta didik yang berbeda, baik di luar Islam maupun di dalam Islam; (2) menebarkan perdamaian di lingkungan sosialnya; (3) mengedepankan dialog antar agama dan (4) menanamkan sikap keterbukaan dengan fihak luar dan 4) menolak ujaran kebencian (hoax) baik didalam dan luar sekolah. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pentingnya mengajarkan dan mengamalkan moderasi beragama di kalangan peserta didik untuk menghadirkan gerakan Islam moderat dan pembiasaan berakhlak mulia.
POTENSI PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH AIR CUCIAN BERAS PADA TANAMAN PAKCOY (BRASSICA RAPA L.)
Authors: Paulina Maria , Lumbantoruan Santa Maria , Septiani Aella
Published: April 2021

Pakcoy as a type of vegetable that we often encounter on the market. This plant can be cultivated easily, and can be consumed directly or processed into complementary vegetables in meatballs, chicken noodles, and other types of food. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers will cause soil damage in the long term. Reducing chemical fertilizers can be done by giving rice washing water, because usually when washing rice, the water used is just thrown away. In fact, this rice washing water waste has the potential as liquid organic fertilizer. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of rinsing rice washing water on the growth and yield of pakcoy plants. The research design used a randomized block design (RAK) with a single factor, namely the rice washing water rinse, namely C0 = control, C1 = the first rinse of rice washing water, C2 = the second rinse of rice washing water, and C3 = the third rinse of rice washing water. The parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, plant diameter, fresh root weight, and total fresh weight. The results showed that rice washing water rinse had no significant effect on all observed parameters. However, C3 treatment has the greatest value for all observations compared to the control treatment, C1, or C2.
RESPON PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL SELADA (LACTUCA SATIVA L.) TERHADAP INTERVAL WAKTU APLIKASI PEMBERIAN AIR CUCIAN BERAS
Authors: Jumawati Riana , Paulina Maria
Published: April 2021

Lettuce is one of the most popular vegetables from various groups, because it does not need special preparation to enjoy it immediately. Its cultivation is relatively easy and does not require special techniques, making lettuce can be grown in polybags or hydroponically. Rice washing water, which is usually not utilized, actually has the potential as liquid organic fertilizer. Besides being practical and environmentally friendly, liquid organic fertilizer can be applied easily. This study aims to determine the effect of the appropriate application time interval for giving rice washing water on the growth and yield of lettuce. This research was conducted in August-October 2020 using polybags containing soil: manure: husk (1: 1: 1). The design used was a single factor completely randomized block design (RAKL). The factor is the application time interval for giving rice washing water with 4 levels, namely: W0 = without giving rice washing water (control), W1 = once every 2 days, W2 = once every 4 days and W3 = once every 6 days with a dose of 50 ml polybag-1. The results showed that the time interval treatment with washing rice water had no significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, diameter, fresh root weight, and total fresh weight of lettuce plants. However, the treatment of giving rice washing water at an interval of 6 days (W3) once showed a better value than without treatment, the time interval for giving rice washing water once every 2 days or 4 days.
Rigenerare e abitare. Il ruolo delle Aziende casa nel quadro delle norme regionali
Authors: Capriotti Paola , Santangelo Angela
Published: April 2021

Il contributo indaga il rapporto tra la rigenerazione urbana e l'abitare accessibile. Per farlo considera, da un lato, le leggi regionali per il governo del territorio e il modo in cui mettono in relazione tra loro l'edilizia residenziale sociale e la rigenerazione urbana; dall'altro, il pe-rimetro di azione concesso alle Aziende casa secondo le leggi regionali che le hanno istitui-te. In assenza di una strategia nazionale, il lavoro contribuisce alla riflessione sul ruolo che le Aziende possono assumere nei processi rigenerativi.
Rigenerare attraverso la casa: analisi e prospettive a partire dall'esperienza delle Aziende casa
Authors: Fava Federica , Maranghi Elena
Published: April 2021

Il paper presenta alcuni casi studio promossi dalle Aziende casa, in quanto generativi di più ampi effetti di rigenerazione urbana. L'indagine è stata condotta nell'ambito del Federca-saLab, laboratorio di ricerca e sperimentazione istituito da Federcasa. Obiettivo, valorizza-re patrimoni materiali, immateriali e di saperi che formano il mondo dell'edilizia pubblica, individuando traiettorie di progetto utili a rilanciare le politiche dell'abitare e, con esse, gli stessi soggetti territoriali.
Comment évaluer les bénéfices économiques d'un grand évènement? Pour un discours de la méthode
Authors: Massiani Jérôme
Published: April 2021

Nous comparons trois méthodes pour évaluer l'impact d'un grand événement: Input-Output, Equilibre Général Calculable et Analyse Coûts-Avantages. L'IO a des limites liées à l'insuffisante considération des effets de substitution et de saturation. L'ACA nécessite une maturation méthodologique. L'EGC apparait prometteur, mais une meilleure prise en compte des spécificités des grands événements est nécessaire. Il gagnerait à être combiné avec l'ACA pour aboutir à une évaluation suffisament complète. Mots clefs: Entrées-Sorties; Analyse Coûts-Avantages; Equilibre Général Calculable; Grands évènements.
The Potential of Big Data Analysis in the Shipbuilding Industry: A Way of Increasing Competitiveness
Authors: Cappelli Andrea , Cavallini Iacopo
Published: April 2021

It is possible to exploit potentials of Big Data in the shipbuilding industry in order to increase efficiency and company performance. Big Data analysis will probably have a great impact on strengthening the competitiveness in the whole sector, providing various types of benefits and effective support to the decision-making system. Academics maintain that analysis methods and algorithms can offer spe-cific guidelines to managers and practitioners in order to satisfy their information needs. Even though it is recognized that the techniques for Big Data analysis are relevant, only a few studies provide practical guidelines on how to apply these techniques in specific industries like shipbuilding. This preliminary study aims to develop a conceptual framework of Big Data anal-ysis based on the value chain approach. By using a deductive methodology, the framework is built taking into consideration four phases of the value chain in the shipbuilding industry - i.e. pre-production, design, production, and post-production. For its relevance, the study considers the pre-production phase, trying to classify data sources, analysis methods, and algorithms for the main activities of this node and also providing various suggestions to shipbuilding managers and practitioners. The researchers develop the framework by considering secondary data collected from the literature analysis. Our results can successfully support decision making in shipbuilding companies, making processes and operations more cost-effective and helping companies be more competitive. Specifically, in the pre-production node this will lead to real-time demand forecasting and a more reliable estimation of initial production costs.
Spatial Clustering of Foreign Direct Investment: The Case of Japanese Automotive Suppliers in Mexico
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Lugo-Sánchez María Guadalupe , Guzmán-Anaya Leo ,   Universidad de Guadalajara
Published: April 2021

The arrival of Japanese investment in the Mexican automotive industry has caused an increase in the economic dynamism of the Bajio region, especially since the entry into force of the Mexico-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement in 2005. Previous research has been conducted from different perspectives explaining the spatial distribution and agglomeration of Japanese enterprises in host countries; however, studies that employ measurements of spatial clustering for Japanese firms are still scarce. For the present research, a unique spatial georeferenced database of Japanese automotive suppliers was created to identify the clustering patterns of firms. The results suggest that Japanese automotive supplier firms in Mexico favor spatial proximity. The use of spatial measurements of concentration provides evidence to further understand the presence of agglomeration of Japanese firms in the automotive industry.
Synthesis and Reductive Amination of 1-Aryl-5-ferrocenyl-1h-pyrazole-4-carbaldehydes
Authors:   Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia, Simenel A. A. , Rogatkina E. Yu. ,   Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia, Rodionov A. N. ,   Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia
Published: April 2021

An efficient method for the synthesis of 1-phenyl-5-ferrocenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde is developed. Its reactivity in reductive amination is studied towards various amines.
Initial Assessment on the Language Vitality of Binadjao Iligan
Authors: Araya Joel V.
Published: April 2021

The study is a brief assessment of the language and culture of an internally displaced group of people called the Badjaos.  Specifically, it attempted to survey their spoken vitality, identity, and literacy and identify their hopes and aspirations.  Rapid ethnographic techniques and fieldwork were conducted with the assistance of key informants, validators, and consultants.  Results of the study pointed to the limited opportunities and settings where the Badjao language is used, which further deprive them of economic chances.  However, language is vital to personal and social expressions.  In terms of identity, the group admits to experiencing discrimination.  The availability of literacy materials in their language is uncommon.  Thus, their aspiration is to be included in the government's education programs for an eventual increase in literacy in their community.
The Linguistic Landscape of Palestinian C Towns: The Case of Shop Signs in Huwwara
Authors: Ujvari Montaser Motia
Published: April 2021

This study looks at the linguistic landscape in Huwwara, a Palestinian town in the north of the West Bank located in Area C, which is, in line with the Oslo II accord, under Israeli control. Two areas on the main street of Huwwara were investigated: Huwwara center and Huwwara outskirts. Bottom-up signs in both areas were classified according to the languages they were written in. The signs were further classified according to language choice on the signs of businesses in each area. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of different languages in the linguistic landscape of a Palestinian town where Arabic, English and Hebrew are in contact. A total of 297 signs were analysed. It was found that Arabic is the most prevalent language in the linguistic landscape in the two investigated areas. In addition, it was found that there is a strong presence of Hebrew on the outskirts of Huwwara, mainly on signs of automotive and household businesses. English, on the other hand, was found to have a moderate presence in Huwwara with no difference between the two areas investigated. These results suggest that the use of Arabic has both an informational and a symbolic function, whilst the use of Hebrew has an informational function, and the use of English has a symbolic function.
Feasibility of Digital Multimedia Language Labs for Interpreting Instruction as Perceived by Interpreting Instructors in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Jarf Reima
Published: April 2021

The College of Languages and Translation (COLT) prepares translators and interpreters. Some of the courses that the students take are language courses such as listening, speaking, reading, writing, vocabulary, grammar, and 4 types of interpreting courses (simultaneous, consecutive, liaison and sight). COLT has installed 4 multimedia language labs (MLLs) currently used for teaching listening courses, in addition to interpreting courses. Each MLL consists of a teacher's station and 40 student stations each with a computer, headsets, and an audio box. The MLL software consist of XClass, a multimedia classroom management software, a Digital Language Lab Software (DLL) software for improving the students’ oral listening skills, and WaveLab Mastering and Audio Editing Software. The presentation aims to find out whether the MLL is feasible for interpreting instruction and factors that affect lack of utilization of MLLs in interpreting instruction at COLT based on the instructors' views. A sample of 10 interpreting instructors and an IT specialist was interviewed. It was found that only 20% use the MLL in interpreting instruction (simultaneous and sight interpreting). By contrast, 80% use the MLLs as a classroom, use the speakers, text on a flash drive and MP3 players. They believe that MLLs are not suitable for teaching consecutive and liaison interpreting. They reported hardware and software problems, instructor-related, student-related, and technical support issues. The study concluded that normalization and attitude change towards new technology, hands-on practice, and availability of technical support on site are crucial in adapting the MLLs to interpreting instruction. The study reports results and some recommendations.
АНАЛІТИЧНИЙ ОПИС ІНДИКАТОРНИХ ДІАГРАМ
Authors: Bilousov Ie.V. , Savchuk V.P. , Tuluchenko H.Ya.
Published: April 2021

Вступ. Недоліком представлення індикаторних діаграм у системах моніто- рингу стану двигунів є подання їх за допомогою сплайнів. Структура поліномів, якими описуються ланки сплайнів, не відбиває закономірностей термодинаміки, механіки, хімічної кінетики та теплопередачі, за якими відбуваються відповід- ні процеси під час робочого циклу двигуна. Мета. Мета роботи – обґрунтува- ти структуру аналітичного опису індикаторної діаграми для малообертового дизельного двигуна (МОД) на основі кусково-неперервних функцій, розробити алгоритм апроксимації індикаторної діаграми кусково-неперервною функцією за допомогою інструментів пакета DirectSearch. Результати. Знаходження число- вих значень параметрів апроксимуючої функції здійснюється шляхом розв’язання задачі нелінійної умовної оптимізації за допомогою методу спряжених напря- мів з ортогональним зсувом. Обробка тестових експериментальних залежнос- тей показала можливість знаходження за індикаторною діаграмою показників фізичних та хімічних процесів робочого циклу двигуна (на прикладі МОД) із задо- вільною точністю. Висновки. Апроксимація індикаторних діаграм кусково-непе- рервними функціями, до складу яких входять функції, що мають фізичний та хімічний зміст, дає змогу проводити теоретичний аналіз якості робочих циклів двигунів. Запропоновану для апроксимації індикаторної діаграми функцію можна розглядати як напівлокальний апроксимуючий сплайн, ланки якого мають глад- кість стикування порядку С0 . Її окремі ланки описуються лінійними функціями, політропними функціями, функцією, яка є модифікованою похідною від функції Вібе, функцією, що моделює витік газу з резервуара в критичному режимі. Пер- спективи подальших досліджень пов’язані з підвищенням точності апроксимації за рахунок збільшення кількості ланок кусково-неперервної функції, що відпові- дає наближенню індикаторної діаграми більшою кількістю політропних кривих. Це своєю чергою забезпечує більш адекватний опис індикаторної діаграми шля- хом виділення ланок, на яких теплоємності робочого тіла можна вважати ста- лими або такими, що змінюються за поліноміальними залежностями.
СУТНІСТЬ ТА СПЕЦІФІКА ІНФРАСТРУКТУРНИХ ПРОЄКТІВ НА ВОДНОМУ ТРАНСПОРТІ
Authors: Nemchuk O.O. , Vereshchaka N.A. , Onyshchenko S.P.
Published: April 2021

Вступ. Успішність інфраструктурних заходів визначається успішністю реа- лізації відповідних проєктів: навіть дуже своєчасні і необхідні заходи можуть не бути доведені до логічного кінця або не забезпечити отримання необхідного результату, якщо управління відповідними інфраструктурними проєктами здій- снюється неналежним чином. Тому для забезпечення успішності та ефективнос- ті цієї категорії проєктів необхідна відповідна теоретична база для підтримки процесів управління. Фундаментом цієї теоретичної бази має бути чітка іден- тифікована сутність та специфіка інфраструктурних проєктів у сфері водного транспорту, бо саме це визначає специфіку процесів управління цими проєктами. Метою дослідження є ідентифікація основних видів інфраструктурних проєк- тів у сфері водного транспорту і встановлення їх специфіки як основи для роз- робки моделей і методів ефективного управління цими проєктами. Результати. У цьому дослідженні ідентифіковано сутність і специфіка інфраструктурних проєктів на водному транспорті. Визначено логічний ланцюжок впливу стану і параметрів цієї інфраструктури на різні параметри транспортного обслугову- вання і конкурентоспроможність транспортної системи країни. Отже, стан інфраструктури визначає безпеку судноплавства, формує обмеження на розмір суден (і, відповідно, розмір вантажних партій), а також зумовлює час рейсу суд- на і доставки вантажу. Таким чином, розвиток інфраструктури водного тран- спорту є необхідним чинником підвищення конкурентоспроможності портів та ефективності морських і річкових перевезень. Крім того, розвиток технологій і діяльність міжнародних організацій (наприклад, ІМО) зумовлюють більш високі вимоги до забезпечення безпеки судноплавства, що також відбивається на вимо- гах до інфраструктури. Крім того, інфраструктура водного транспорту підда- на не тільки «моральному» старінню, а й природному «зносу», причому більшою мірою, ніж в інших видів транспорту. Це пояснюється «агресивністю» водного середовища і природними процесами (наприклад, замулюванням дна). Встановле- но основні види інфраструктурних проєктів на водному транспорті: модерніза- ція об’єктів; заміна об’єктів; відновлення об’єктів; розвиток існуючих об’єктів; створення нових об’єктів. Визначено продукти інфраструктурних проєктів – це об’єкти інфраструктури, які або створюються, або змінюються (відновлення, заміна, модернізація, розвиток). Встановлено цілі і місію цієї категорії проєк- тів. Висновки. Отримані результати є основою для розробки моделей і методів управління інфраструктурними проєктами на водному транспорті.
Mathematical modeling of power supply reliability at low voltage quality
Authors: Papaika Yu.A , Lysenko O.H , Koshelenko Ye.V , Olishevskyi I.H
Published: April 2021

Purpose. Finding dependence between reliability indexes and power quality. Working out methodology for calculation of reliability index reduction depending on poor power quality based on found dependency. Methodology. The method of harmonic analysis, the principle of superposition for instantaneous power and the methods of the theory of electric machines. The research objects are distribution processes, processes of transformation, transmitting and consumption of electrical energy in power systems of 6 and 0.4 kV with non-sinusoidal voltage in it. The subjects of the research are reliability indexes of separate power supply system units and its dependency of indexes of electromagnetic compatibility. Findings. Scientific explanation of equipment reliability index reduction depending on poor power quality in power system. Detection of the effect of non-sinusoidal voltage on the reliability of transformers and cable lines. Originality. The article analyzes the problems of electricity quality at the moment and describes the importance of solving these problems. The solutions are mainly based on the change in the level of harmonics affecting the power grids, thus improving the quality of electricity. In the work, the analysis of non-sinusoidal voltage influence on power system units reliability indexes is conducted based on typical city power supply scheme. Practical value. Finding of regularities of electromagnetic processes flaws in power system units of 6 and 0.4 kV depending on non-sinusoidal voltage level. Based on researched regularities, the process of reliability index change should be described depending on power quality. The research is conducted for such power system elements as transformers and cable lines. Based on the research, the characteristics of power system units reliability index change are built depending on the load level.
Enhancing energetic and economic efficiency of heating coal mines by infrared heaters
Authors: Voznyak O , Spodyniuk N , Savchenko O , Sukholova I , Kasynets M
Published: April 2021

Purpose. To increase the energy and economic efficiency of heating coal mines with infrared heaters through energy saving measures, taking into account the dynamics of the discount rate. To achieve this goal, the task was to conduct an energy audit of the heating system of the mine during its reconstruction according to an improved method, taking into account the dynamics of the discount rate and measures that are not feasible at the same time. Methodology. When using infrared heating systems, local heating of the working area is provided. As a result, the necessary temperature conditions in the mines are maintained and there is a possibility of creating a local microclimate. A multifactorial experiment was performed and the research results were graphically and analytically described. Furthermore, the method of energy audit, taking into account the effect of complex interaction of factors and the dynamics of the degree of discount, is applied. Findings. According to the results of the experiment, a nomogram of the temperature regime of the irradiation area with an infrared heater was constructed, which was approximated by the analytical dependence. The optimal profit from the introduction of energy-saving technologies during operation is EUR 379.2 under the following conditions: replacement of the heating system from stationary to variable with automation; installation of a different number of infrared heaters NL-12R with power Q 1200 W each; application of the effect of complex interaction of factors. Originality. The conducted energy audit of the radiant heating system with the use of infrared heaters during the underground reconstruction showed that non-stationary heating is efficient because it saves energy and has the lowest payback period. Practical value. The expediency of using infrared heaters in variable mode in both energy and technical and economic aspects has been proved. These measures will provide comfortable conditions in the mine and have a significant economic effect.
A 26-year-old female with faulty existing restorations
Authors: Yadav Ram Udgar , Ahmed Sageer , Hossain Mozammal
Published: April 2021

This article has no abstract. The first 100 words appear below:
A 26-year-old female came with unaesthetic restorations on the upper four anterior teeth. She gave a history of the restoration of the teeth 6 months ago that underwent progressive marginal discoloration. On clinical examination, two upper central and two lateral incisor teeth were restored by Glass Ionomer cement and Secondary caries were present beneath restorations. Teeth were vital and did not respond to percussion and mobility test. Radiographic examination revealed that the four maxillary anterior teeth (2 central and 2 laterals) had the existing restoration which showed a radioopaque area in the proximal surface but radiolucent areas were also seen beneath the radioopaque area that extends to the dentin.
Is Hydroxychloroquine with Azithromycin a Good Combination in COVID-19 Compared to Hydroxychloroquine Alone from Cardiac Perspective? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Budhathoki Pravash , Shrestha Dhan Bahadur , Khadka Sitaram , Rawal Era
Published: April 2021

Background: The global spread of COVID-19 and the lack of definite treatment have caused an alarming crisis in the world. We aimed to evaluate the outcome and potential harmful cardiac effects of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin compared to hydroxychloroquine alone for COVID-19 treatment.Methods: PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, clinicaltrials.gov, and World Health Organization clinical trial registry were searched using appropriate keywords and identified six studies using PRISMA guidelines. The quantitative synthesis was performed using fixed or random effects for the pooling of studies based on heterogeneities.Results: The risk of mortality (RR=1.16; CI: 0.92-1.46) and adverse cardiac events (OR=1.06; CI: 0.82-1.37) demonstrated a small increment though of no significance. There were no increased odds of mechanical ventilation (OR=0.84; CI: 0.33-2.15) and significant QTc prolongation (OR=0.84, CI: 0.59-1.21). Neither the critical QTc threshold (OR=1.92, CI: 0.81-4.56) nor absolute ?QTc ?60ms (OR=1.95, CI:0.55-6.96) increased to the level of statistical significance among hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin arm compared to hydroxychloroquine alone, but the slightly increased odds need to be considered in clinical practice. Conclusions: The combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin leads to small increased odds of mortality and cardiac events compared to hydroxychloroquine alone. The use of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin led to increased odds of QT prolongation, although not statistically significant.Keywords: COVID-19; COVID-19 drug treatment; hydroxychloroquine; macrolides; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Estructura y biomasa arbórea del Refugio de Vida Silvestre Laquipampa, Lambayeque, Perú
Authors: Zuñe da Silva Felipe , Dávila Raffo Deborah Camila , Rojas Idrogo Consuelo , Delgado Paredes Guillermo
Published: April 2021

Siendo uno de los ecosistemas tropicales más extensos, el bosque tropical estacionalmente seco es uno de los menos estudiados. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la composición florística, estructura y biomasa arbórea del Refugio de Vida Silvestre Laquipampa, así como, describir la influencia de parámetros ambientales. Para ello, se establecieron diez transectos de 50 × 20 m. En cada transecto fueron evaluados la altura y el diámetro (≥ 10 cm) de todos los individuos arbóreos. Asimismo, se realizaron colectas botánicas y edáficas. Se aplicaron análisis de agrupamiento, fitosociológicos, multivariados y regresiones. Se registraron 263 individuos, comprendidos en 33 especies, 19 géneros y 17 familias. El área basal total fue de 11,73 m2.ha-1 y la biomasa promedio de 152,61 t.ha-1. No quedó evidenciado significativamente que la composición florística esté relacionada con las variables edáficas, sin embargo, se observó que estas variables juegan un importante rol en la comprensión de la dinámica del fragmento.
Governança Corporativa e Governança de Tecnologia da Informação como vantagem competitiva nas organizações
Authors: Peixe Adriana Maria Miguel , Balsan Jorge , Pinto José Simão de Paula
Published: April 2021

A Tecnologia da Informação fundamentada em seus resultados e necessidades de utilização, possui no contexto atual, um cenário oportuno e relevante. Ela torna-se fundamental nas estratégias das empresas, explorando oportunidades e gerando vantagens competitivas em todos os níveis de gestão. Seus impactos são notórios nos níveis internos e externos das organizações: na estrutura orgânica e no papel de enquadramento/coordenação na organização; a nível psico-sociológico e das relações pessoais; no subsistema de objetivos e valores das pessoas que trabalham nas organizações; bem como no subsistema tecnológico. Neste contexto, o estudo teve como objetivo enfatizar o framework (estrutura) praticado e sua importância no contexto das vantagens competitivas nas organizações.  Para atender à crescente demanda por inovação, criatividade, qualidade, melhoria de processos, competitividade dentre tantas outras necessidades neste mundo globalizado. Como delineamento metodológico, o artigo caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa bibliográfica, exploratória, documental, descritiva, explicativa e qualitativa.  Infere-se que a janela de vantagem (período de tempo que leva para os concorrentes alcançar e igualar a vantagem estratégica) tornou-se questão crítica em termos de gerenciamento. O desafio é encontrar as conexões gerenciais entre a TI, as soluções propostas e necessárias de tecnologia de informação, que atendam às necessidades de negócios, e os objetivos do negócio.
KAMU YÖNETİMİNDE YENİLİKÇİ BİR YAKLAŞIM ve DÖNÜŞÜM MODELİ: YATIRIM İZLEME ve KOORDİNASYON BAŞKANLIĞI
Authors: TAMER Mehmet , DÖNMEZ Demet
Published: April 2021

Türk Kamu Yönetimi son yıllarda merkezi ve yerel anlamda birçok noktada önemli değişimler yaşamaya başlamıştır. Kamuda şeffaflık, hesap verebilirlik, etik, bilgi edinme ve kamu denetçiliği gibi konular merkezi anlamdaki yapılan çalışmalardır. Yerel yönetimler ile ilgili olarak başta yasal düzenlemeler olmak üzere dönüşüm merkezli faaliyetler gerçekleşmiştir. 2012 yılında çıkarılan 6360 Sayılı Yasa ile ülkemizde yerel yönetimlerde çok ciddi değişiklikler yaşanmıştır. 14 vilayet büyükşehir statüsüne geçirilmiş ve Türkiye’deki büyükşehir sayısı 30 olmuştur. Büyükşehir olan bu yerlerde köylerin tüzel kişiliği kaldırılarak mahalleye dönüştürülmüştür. Aynı şekilde birçok belde belediyesi de mahalle statüsüne geçmiştir. İlin tüm sınırları il mülki sınırı olarak belirlenmiştir. Özellikle bu büyükşehir olan vilayetlerde İl Özel İdaresi kaldırılmış ve yerine Yatırım İzleme ve Koordinasyon Başkanlığı (YİKOB) kurulmuştur. Bu merkezler son dönemde kamusal anlamdaki en değerli bir yaklaşım ve dönüşüm faaliyeti olarak değerlendirilmektedir. YİKOB’ lar büyükşehirlerde kamu yatırımlarının hayata geçirilmesinde önemli aktör olmuşlardır. Ciddi görev ve rolleri mevcuttur. Bu çalışmanın amacı kamu yönetiminde yenilikçi bir yaklaşım ve dönüşüm olarak kabul edilen YİKOB’ un kurumsal ve işlevsel yönünü ortaya koymak olacaktır.
Model Of Punishment: Juvenile Justice Systems
Authors: Nur Rafika , Bakhtiar Handar Subhandi , Miqat Nurul , Darmawati Darmawati , Mustawa Mustawa
Published: April 2021

The position of children who have special rights in the law makes children get special treatment. In the juvenile justice system in Indonesia, there are two systems of sanctions, namely criminal sanctions and actions, and this is done to realize the protection of children who are dealing with the law.  This research is a normative juridical review, using a statute, comparative and conceptual approaches. The results show that the imposition of sanctions on children is based on the child's age, where children aged 12 to before 14 years can only be sanctioned with actions, and children aged 14 to before 18 years may be subject to criminal sanctions or actions.
Pengaturan cahaya pada pertumbuhan bunga krisan potong di dalam prototype greenhouse
Authors: Fauziyah Mila , Safitri Hari Kurnia , Murtono Ari , Dewatama Denda , Aulianta Erdin
Published: April 2021

Cahaya merupakan faktor lingkungan yang diperlukan untuk mengatur proses fotosistensis khususnya pada bunga krisan potong. Pada fase vegetatif dari bunga krisan potong diperlukan penambahan cahaya di malam hari agar diperoleh bunga krisan potong dengan kualitas yang diharapkan yaitu dengan ketinggian lebih dari 80 cm. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka dirancang suatu sistem pengaturan intensitas cahaya bunga krisan potong dengan menggunakan metode ON-OFF dan Metode PWM. Untuk metode ON-OFF ini digunakan dengan cara pembacaan cahaya dengan sensor LDR diluar prototype greenhouse untuk mematikan lampu pada siang hari. Sedangkan metode PWM digunakan untuk mengatur gelap dan terang dari lampu pada saat malam hari menggunakan sensor infrared. Didapatkan hasil bunga krisan potong pada fase vegetatif menunjukkan bahwa sistem mampu mempercepat pertumbuhan bunga krisan potong 7 hari lebih cepat dari standard waktu tumbuh 30 hari dan  ketinggian bunga bertambah sekitar 7-8 cm perminggunya.

 

Light is an environmental factor needed to regulate the photosistensis process, especially in cut chrysanthemums flower. In the vegetative phase of the cut chrysanthemum, it is necessary to add light at night to obtain cut chrysanthemum flowers with the expected quality, namely with a height of more than 80 cm. Based on this, a system of light intensity control of cut chrysanthemum flowers was designed using the ON-OFF method and the PWM method. The ON-OFF method is used by reading the light with the LDR sensor outside the prototype greenhouse to turn off the lights during the day. While the PWM method is used to adjust the dark and lightness of the lights at night using an infrared sensor. The results of the cut chrysanthemum flower in the vegetative phase showed that the system was able to accelerate the growth of cut chrysanthemum flowers 7 days faster than the standard 30-day growing time and the flower height increased by around 7-8 cm per week.
Screening and Growth Characterization of Non-conventional Yeasts in a Hemicellulosic Hydrolysate
Authors: Monteiro de Oliveira Paola , Aborneva Daria , Bonturi Nemailla , Lahtvee Petri-Jaan
Published: April 2021

Lignocellulosic biomass is an attractive raw material for the sustainable production of chemicals and materials using microbial cell factories. Most of the existing bioprocesses focus on second-generation ethanol production using genetically modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae, however, this microorganism is naturally unable to consume xylose. Moreover, extensive metabolic engineering has to be carried out to achieve high production levels of industrially relevant building blocks. Hence, the use of non-Saccharomyces species, or non-conventional yeasts, bearing native metabolic routes, allows conversion of a wide range of substrates into different products, and higher tolerance to inhibitors improves the efficiency of biorefineries. In this study, nine non-conventional yeast strains were selected and screened on a diluted hemicellulosic hydrolysate from Birch. Kluyveromyces marxianus CBS 6556, Scheffersomyces stipitis CBS 5773, Lipomyces starkeyi DSM 70295, and Rhodotorula toruloides CCT 7815 were selected for further characterization, where their growth and substrate consumption patterns were analyzed under industrially relevant substrate concentrations and controlled environmental conditions in bioreactors. K. marxianus CBS 6556 performed poorly under higher hydrolysate concentrations, although this yeast was determined among the fastest-growing yeasts on diluted hydrolysate. S. stipitis CBS 5773 demonstrated a low growth and biomass production while consuming glucose, while during the xylose-phase, the specific growth and sugar co-consumption rates were among the highest of this study (0.17 h–1 and 0.37 g/gdw*h, respectively). L. starkeyi DSM 70295 and R. toruloides CCT 7815 were the fastest to consume the provided sugars at high hydrolysate conditions, finishing them within 54 and 30 h, respectively. R. toruloides CCT 7815 performed the best of all four studied strains and tested conditions, showing the highest specific growth (0.23 h–1), substrate co-consumption (0.73 ± 0.02 g/gdw*h), and xylose consumption (0.22 g/gdw*h) rates. Furthermore, R. toruloides CCT 7815 was able to produce 10.95 ± 1.37 gL–1 and 1.72 ± 0.04 mgL–1 of lipids and carotenoids, respectively, under non-optimized cultivation conditions. The study provides novel information on selecting suitable host strains for biorefinery processes, provides detailed information on substrate consumption patterns, and pinpoints to bottlenecks possible to address using metabolic engineering or adaptive evolution experiments.
Live Imaging of Calciprotein Particle Clearance and Receptor Mediated Uptake: Role of Calciprotein Monomers
Authors: Koeppert Sina , Ghallab Ahmed , Peglow Sarah , Winkler Camilla Franziska , Graeber Steffen , Büscher Andrea , Hengstler Jan Georg , Jahnen-Dechent Willi
Published: April 2021

Background

The liver-derived plasma protein fetuin A is a systemic inhibitor of ectopic calcification. Fetuin-A stabilizes calcium phosphate mineral initially as ion clusters to form calciprotein monomers (CPM), and then as larger multimeric consolidations containing amorphous calcium phosphate (primary CPP, CPP 1) or more crystalline phases (secondary CPP, CPP 2). CPM and CPP mediate excess mineral stabilization, transport and clearance from circulation.

Methods

We injected i.v. synthetic fluorescent CPM and studied their clearance by live two-photon microscopy. We analyzed organ sections by fluorescence microscopy to assess CPM distribution. We studied cellular clearance and cytotoxicity by flow cytometry and live/dead staining, respectively, in cultured macrophages, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC), and human proximal tubule epithelial HK-2 cells. Inflammasome activation was scored in macrophages. Fetuin A monomer and CPM charge were analyzed by ion exchange chromatography.

Results

Live mice cleared CPP in the liver as published previously. In contrast, CPM were filtered by kidney glomeruli into the Bowman space and the proximal tubules, suggesting tubular excretion of CPM-bound calcium phosphate and reabsorption of fetuin A. Fetuin-A monomer clearance was negligible in liver and low in kidney. Anion exchange chromatography revealed that fetuin A monomer was negatively charged, whereas CPM appeared neutral, suggesting electrochemical selectivity of CPM versus fetuin A. CPM were non-toxic in any of the investigated cell types, whereas CPP 1 were cytotoxic. Unlike CPP, CPM also did not activate the inflammasome.

Conclusions

Fetuin-A prevents calcium phosphate precipitation by forming CPM, which transform into CPP. Unlike CPP, CPM do not trigger inflammation. CPM are readily cleared in the kidneys, suggesting CPM as a physiological transporter of excess calcium and phosphate. Upon prolonged circulation, e.g., in chronic kidney disease, CPM will coalesce and form CPP, which cannot be cleared by the kidney, but will be endocytosed by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and macrophages. Large amounts of CPP trigger inflammation. Chronic CPM and CPP clearance deficiency thus cause calcification by CPP deposition in blood vessels and soft tissues, as well as inflammation.
Heat Shock Proteins and Their Role in Pregnancy: Redefining the Function of “Old Rum in a New Bottle”
Authors: Jee Babban , Dhar Ruby , Singh Sunil , Karmakar Subhradip
Published: April 2021

Pregnancy in humans is a multi-step complex physiological process comprising three discrete events, decidualization, implantation and placentation. Its overall success depends on the incremental advantage that each of the preceding stages passes on to the next. The success of these synchronized sequels of events is an outcome of timely coordination between them. The pregnancy events are coordinated and governed primarily by the ovarian steroid hormones, estrogen and progesterone, which are essentially ligand-activated transcription factors. It’s well known that intercellular signaling of steroid hormones engages a plethora of adapter proteins that participate in executing the biological functions. This involves binding of the hormone receptor complex to the DNA response elements in a sequence specific manner. Working withDrosophila melanogaster, the heat shock proteins (HSPs) were originally described by Ferruccio Ritossa back in the early 1960s. Over the years, there has been considerable advancement of our understanding of these conserved families of proteins, particularly in pregnancy. Accumulating evidence suggests that endometrial and uterine cells have an abundance of HSP27, HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90, implying their possible involvement during the pregnancy process. HSPs have been found to be associated with decidualization, implantation and placentation, with their dysregulation associated with implantation failure, pregnancy loss and other feto-maternal complications. Furthermore, HSP is also associated with stress response, specifically in modulating the ER stress, a critical determinant for reproductive success. Recent advances suggest a therapeutic role of HSPs proteins in improving the pregnancy outcome. In this review, we summarized our latest understanding of the role of different members of the HSP families during pregnancy and associated complications based on experimental and clinical evidences, thereby redefining and exploring their novel function with new perspective, beyond their prototype role as molecular chaperones.
Association of Cancer Stem Cell Radio-Resistance Under Ultra-High Dose Rate FLASH Irradiation With Lysosome-Mediated Autophagy
Authors: Yang Gen , Lu Chunyang , Mei Zhusong , Sun Xiaoyi , Han Jintao , Qian Jing , Liang Yulan , Pan Zhuo , Kong Defeng , Xu Shirui , Liu Zhipeng , Gao Ying , Qi Guijun , Shou Yinren , Chen Shiyou , Cao Zhengxuan , Zhao Ye , Lin Chen , Zhao Yanying , Geng Yixing , Ma Wenjun , Yan Xueqing
Published: April 2021

Cancer stem cell (CSC) is thought to be the major cause of radio-resistance and relapse post radiotherapy (RT). Recently ultra-high dose rate “FLASH-RT” evokes great interest for its decreasing normal tissue damages while maintaining tumor responses compared with conventional dose rate RT. However, the killing effect and mechanism of FLASH irradiation (FLASH-IR) on CSC and normal cancer cell are still unclear. Presently the radiation induced death profile of CSC and normal cancer cell were studied. Cells were irradiated with FLASH-IR (∼109 Gy/s) at the dose of 6–9 Gy via laser-accelerated nanosecond particles. Then the ratio of apoptosis, pyroptosis and necrosis were determined. The results showed that FLASH-IR can induce apoptosis, pyroptosis and necrosis in both CSC and normal cancer cell with different ratios. And CSC was more resistant to radiation than normal cancer cell under FLASH-IR. Further experiments tracing lysosome and autophagy showed that CSCs had higher levels of lysosome and autophagy. Taken together, our results suggested that the radio-resistance of CSC may associate with the increase of lysosome-mediated autophagy, and the decrease of apoptosis, necrosis and pyroptosis. To our limited knowledge, this is the first report shedding light on the killing effects and death pathways of CSC and normal cancer cell under FLASH-IR. By clarifying the death pathways of CSC and normal cancer cell under FLASH-IR, it may help us improve the understanding of the radio-resistance of CSC and thus help to optimize the future clinical FLASH treatment plan.