bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Role of Oxytocin in Lactating Rats by Passive Immunization
Authors: Nagai Takashi , Makino Tsunehisa , Nakayama Akihiko , Nakazawa Kazumi , Suzuki Hideaki , Iizuka Rihachi
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

Some of the physiological roles of oxytocin (OT) in lactating rats were studied by passive immunization. Antibody to synthetic OT (A/S OT) was produced in rabbits immunized with synthetic OT conjugated to bovine serum albumin by the glutaraldehyde method. Then the sera of the rabbits were tested for the potency and specificity of antibody to OT by double antibody radioimmunoassay technique. One ml of antiserum was inferred to be capable of sufficiently neutralizing endogenous OT in lactating rats. This antiserum was proved to inhibit the biological action of OT by Magnus equipment.

Fifth day of birth each of 8 rats was daily injected subcutaneously with 1 ml of A/S OT. In the control group each of 6 rats was daily injected with 1 ml of normal rabbit serum (NRS). All pups in the treated group were dead during 11th to 15th day postpartum, though all pups in the control group grew normally. Serum prolactin (PRL) levels in both groups were virtualy identical suggesting that OT might be independent of PRL release. Furthermore the histology of the mammary glands suggested that the role of OT on lactation might not affect the phase of milk production while however affecting milk ejection.
Immunoperoxidase Localization of Prolactin in Syncytio‐trophoblast Cells of Normal Pregnancy, Aborted Pregnancy, Hydatidiform Mole and Choriocarcinoma
Authors: Tomoda Shoji , Hamada Kazutaka , Sugawa Tadashi , Takahashi Kenichi P. , Yamagata Kenzo
Published: August 2010

In this study the histochemical immunoperoxidase method was adopted to clarify the localization of prolactin (PRL) in the decidua and villus of normal, aborted, and molar pregnancy and choriocarcinoma. After evacuation and curettage or operative resection, tissue specimens were fixed in formalin solution and embedded in paraffin. Some frozen sections were made after fixation by Zamboni's solution. The indirect immunoperoxidase method was used. Anti‐PRL antibody was donated by NIAMDD and was used after absorption by hPL. Results showed that: (1) In normal pregnancy, PRL is located in syncytiotrophoblast cells. (2) In spontaneous abortion, PRL is detected in syncytiotrophoblast cells, despite fetal death, provided that hCG continues to be produced. (3) In molar pregnancy, PRL is localized in syncytiotrophoblast cells, even those which penetrate into the decidua. (4) In choriocarcinoma, PRL is located in the cancer cells.

We concluded that syncytiotrophoblast cells are the main site of PRL as long as trophoblast cells are alive and active.
Predictive Value of Cervical Dilatation Rate in Primipara and Multipara Labour
Authors: Agrawal Nisha R. , Tiwari Priamvada
Published: August 2010

Portograms of two hundred obstetrically and medically normal labouring patients were studied which included hundred primiparas and hundred multiparas. Analysis of partograms revealed that mean cervical dilatation rate for primiparas was 1.55 cm/hr, 0.91 cm/hr and 0.39 cm/hr in spontaneous, assisted and caesarean section deliveries, respectively. An initial dilatation rate (IDR) of 1 cm/hr or more resulted in 100% vaginal deliveries, while 60.5% required assisted delivery or caesarean section with an IDR of less than 1 cm/hr.

In multiparous patients the IDR was 1.66 cm/hr for spontaneous deliveries. Mothers needing assisted delivery had a mean IDR of 0.93 cm/hr. All multiparas delivered spontaneously with an IDR of 1 cm/hr or more and none of them delivered without assistance when the IDR was less than 0.5 cm/hr. The principal contribution of initial dilatation rate (IDR) measurements is in reliably labeling the potential problem deliveries.
M‐mode Echocardiographic Assessment between Normal Heart Rate and Bradycardia in One Twin at 36 Weeks Gestation
Authors: Hata Toshiyuki , Matsunaga Isao , Nagahara Yutaka , Takamiya Osamu , Shibukawa Toshihiko
Published: August 2010

M‐mode echocardiographic examination was carried out in utero on one fetus of twins in the state between normal heart rate and bradycardia. Diastolic dimensions, systolic dimensions, stroke volumes, ejection fractions, fractional shortenings, and cardiac output of both ventricles on fetal echocardiograms are discussed.
Effects of Daily 30 MCG Norgestrel on Glucose, Insulin, Cholesterol and Triglycerides during 1 Year's Time of Use
Authors: Boonsiri Banpot , Virutamasen Pramuan , Tangkeo Pailin , Wongsrichanalai Chansuda
Published: August 2010

A prospective study to determine the metabolic effects of norgestrel, a progestogen only contraceptive, was under taken. Three‐hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as well as measurements of plasma insulin during OGTT, serum cholesterol and triglycerides were performed before and 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months after the daily oral administration of 30 mcg of norgestrel to 11 Thai women. There was no change of statistical significance observed in any of the glucose, insulin and cholesterol levels. Triglyceride values were lowered but, except for the 6‐month test, were not statistically significant. The data suggest that the daily use of 30 mcg of norgestrel for one year have negligible effect on fasting total cholesterol and triglyceride levels as well as on blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations measured during oral glucose tolerance test.
Isaptent (DILEX‐C) A New Aid for Cervical Dilatation in Termination of First Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Sakunthala G. , Ramamurthy A. , Renganathan S.
Published: August 2010

The gradual atraumatic dilatation of required extent of cervix for obstetrical procedure, especially in termination of pregnancy is the essential phenomena before evacuation of first and late first trimester of pregnancy. The methods available now are associated with serious side effects, causing an increased morbidity. So our experience with the clinical trial of “ISAPTENT (DILEX‐C)” in 60 patients of first trimester abortion has been reported. The satisfactory, atraumatic dilatation of cervix was achieved in 92 per cent of the patients with an average of 16.66 mm. dilatation by using single Isaptent (DILEX‐C) 20 hours prior to termination of pregnancy. The dilatation was found to have no relations to the age, parity and gestational period of the patients. There was no damage to the cervix. The Vaginal flora remained Unaltered.
Sinusoidal Fetal Heart Rate Pattern on Simultaneous Nonstress Test of a Monoamniotic Twin
Authors: Kigawa Junzo , Goto Shigenori , Narita Kiyoji , Aoki Satoru
Published: August 2010

Monoamniotic twins are rare and have a high risk of mortality. Simultaneous nonstress test (NST) is a better predictor of perinatal mortality than serial biochemical assessments in multiple pregnancy. In this case, sinusoidal fetal heart rate patterns were noted at 36 weeks of gestation. Pregnancy was allowed to continue with frequently repeated NSTs. At 38 weeks of gestation, cesarean section was performed. Evaluation of placenta and membrane revealed a monoamniotic placenta. Each cord was knotted many times. The mother and neonates had benign postpartum courses.
Changes in Plasma P, Ca, ALP, Calcitonin and Parathyroid Hormone with Age and after Oophorectomy in Women
Authors: Kono Shinzo , Lio Kazuo , Takeuchi Kazuhiro , Unoki Yasushi , Go Shakugyo , Mori Ichiro
Published: August 2010

Plasma Ca, P, ALP, parathyroid hormone (cPTH) and calcitonin (CT) were determined in normal women and patients oophorectomized for uterine carcinoma and myoma (age 20–83). The plasma Ca, P and ALP levels increased markedly from age 50 and immediately after menopause, followed by a high plateau until advanced age. The plasma cPTH level tended to increase from the 30's to the 50's, followed by an increase until the 70's, while the plasma CT level tended to decrease with age. After oophorectomy, the incidence of increased plasma Ca, P and ALP was higher in the premenopausal group than in the postmenopausal group. These results indicate that the reduction of ovarian function with age is most closely related to resorption of bone mass, with which the changes of cPTH and CT might be associated.
Comparative Study of Prostaglandin I2and Prostaglandin E2on Hemodynamics in Pregnant Dogs
Authors: Murayama Keisaburo , Kasai Hiroshi , Ouchi Hiroko
Published: August 2010

Effects of intravenous injections of prostaglandin I2(PGI2) and prostaglandin E2(PGE2) on mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR), renal blood flow (RBF), and uterine blood flow (UBF) were investigated in the pregnant dog. A dose‐dependent fall in MAP was observed with PGI2and PGE2(PGI2>PGE2). HR was almost unchanged by both prostaglandins. PGI2and PGE2produced increases in CO and RBF in a dose‐dependent manner (PGI2>PGE2). PGI2caused a dose‐dependent decrease in UBF, while PGE2caused an increase in UBF during the period without concomitant increase in intrauterine pressure (IUP) and a decrease in UBF during the period with concomitant increase in IUP. The possibility of treatment of pregnancy‐induced hypertension with PGI2or PGE2is discussed.
Bacteriological Examination in Cases of Premature Rupture of Membranes
Authors: Saleh F.M. , Abb‐Gawad A. H. , El‐Gazaierly S. , Arafa A. M. , El‐Ghazzawi E.
Published: August 2010

Fifty patients with premature rupture of membrane for more than 16 hours were selected for our study. Bacteriological study of the maternal surface of the placentae and the oropharynx of the neonates were carried out to isolate and identify the different microorganisms. Antibiogram was done for each case. The study revealed that intra‐amniotic infection in cases of premature rupture of membranes varied directly with the time passed between membrane rupture and delivery. The most common microorganisms were Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli. The study revealed that Garamycin is the drug of choice in combating both foetal and maternal infections in cases of premature rupture of membranes.
Human Placental Lactogen Levels Determined by the Latex Agglutination Method in Diabetic Pregnancy
Authors: Kaibara Manabu , Marumoto Yuriko , Kobayashi Takuro
Published: August 2010

The serum levels of human placental lactogen (HPL) of fifty normal and twenty‐five diabetic pregnant women were determined by the latex agglutination reaction method. From 32 to 33 weeks' gestation the mean HPL level of the diabetic patients was similar to that of the normal patients, but from 34 to 39 weeks' gestation it was significantly higher. There was a positive correlation between peak HPL level and placental weight in both normal and diabetic pregnancies, as well as a positive correlation between peak HPL level and glucose level measured 2 hours after loading of 50 g of glucose in diabetic pregnancy. As the mean placental weight of diabetic patients was significantly higher than that of normal patients, the elevated HPL levels observed in the diabetic patients were due to increased production of HPL in the hypertrophic placenta of diabetics.
Long‐term Culture of Human Ovarian Theca Cell Tumor, an Estrogen‐producing Tumor
Authors: Ishiwata Isamu , Ishiwata Chieko , Kobayashi Noboru , Ishikawa Hiroshi
Published: August 2010

The cultured cells designated HKOT were derived from the ovarian theca cell tumor of a 78‐year‐old female. HKOT cells grew slowly for 6 weeks, and were maintained in vitro for about 16 weeks. The monolayer cultured cells were fibroblastic in shape and contained lipid droplets detected by Sudan red stain. The cells were diploid and did not show karyological abnormalities. The cells continued secreting primarily estrogens, and only small quantities of androgens, if any at all for about 40 days. The ectocervical hyperkeratosis and endometrial hyperplasia were considered to be attributable to the effects of estrogens.
Morphological and Biochemical Studies on Cultured Human Granulosa Cells
Authors: Fukushima Michio , Tanaka Shoichi , Sato Takuhiro , Hashimoto Masayoshi
Published: August 2010

Granulosa cells were obtained from human ovarian follicles.

In cultured granulosa cells obtained from large follicles clear‐cut ultrastructural features of steroid secreting cells were not observed due to the paucity of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. This is in keeping with their low progesterone secretion rate as measured by the RIA method and seems to indicate an early stage of luteinization.

In cultured granulosa cells obtained from small follicles, oil‐red‐O‐stained lipid droplets were observed mostly in stromal cell layers, while in large follicles under light microscopy these were located in the granulosa cell layers. These lipid droplets may play an important role in progesterone production, but the amount of lipid clearly does not always reflect active hormone secretion, since the above results indicated low progesterone secretion.

Numerous intracellular microfilaments were seen under electron microscopy in cultured granulosa cells obtained from large follicles over a 3‐day period. During this same time, progesterone production increased, and then decreased gradually.

The microfilaments in granulosa cells may, therefore, be related to progesterone production.
Acardiac Anomalies: Review of 88 Cases in Japan
Authors: Sato Taiichi , Kaneko Kou , Konuma Seiichi , Sato Ikuo , Tamada Taro
Published: August 2010

A case of acardius holosomus holocranius is presented. Ultrasound examinations, feto‐amniography, and analysis of the amniotic fluid and the cystic fluid were performed.

In addition, 88 cases of acardiac anomalies born in Japan were collected by reviewing the autopsy records of major institutes and literatures. Classification, incidence, epidemiology, diagnosis, management and etiology of this condition are discussed.
Prophylactic Administration of Tinidazole in Major Gynaecological Surgery
Authors: Chowdhury T. A. , Huq Farida , Ali Sarwar
Published: August 2010

Post‐operative infective complications implicating anaerobes following gynaecological surgery have common occurrences. A randomised double‐blind placebo‐controlled prophylactic study was carried out with 2 gm single oral dose of newer nitroimidazole ‐ tinidazole in 34 cases of hysterectomy and Fothergill's operation. Significantly lesser number of tinidazole treated cases had post‐operative infective complications and anaerobes isolated in vaginal swab. Single oral dose of tinidazole appears to be an effective and convenient alternative in prophylaxis of major gynaecological surgery.
Gonadoblastoma‐Dysgerminoma in Streak Ovaries in a 46 XY Individual
Authors: Grover Vimal , Burman Sudeshna Deb , Devi Kali Rama , Gupta Subhash , Dhall Kamala
Published: August 2010

A case of bilateral gonadoblastoma overgrown with dysgermi‐noma on one side in streak ovaries in a phenotypic female with a chromosomal XY pattern has been presented. The neoplastic potential of dysgenetic gonads in an individual with a Y chromosome has been reviewed and the need therefore for complete bilateral gonadectomy in such cases has been stressed upon. The hormonal activity of these tumors has also been discussed.
Laparoscopic Removal of Displaced Intra Uterine Devices
Authors: Lype Elizabeth , Nair V. Rajasekharan , Rajammal MBBS, DGO
Published: August 2010

Displaced IUD in peritoneal cavity require removal in majority of cases. We have come across seven such cases in a two year period and laparoscopic removal was done successfully in all but one case. The method offers a simple alternative to laparotomy where facilities exists from laparoscopy.
Termination of Midtrimester Pregnancies with Extraovular 0.1% Ethacridine Lactate. Accurate Method for Estimation of Blood Loss. Role of Spartein Sulfate
Authors: Laul Ravi M. , Mahale Arun R. , Bhattacharya Prabha R.
Published: August 2010

Sixty cases of midtrimester abortions with extraovular 0.1% ethacridine lactate alone were studied. Blood loss during and after abortion was calculated measuring alkaline haematin as reported by Shaw et al.7) Its success rate was compared with another study of 90 cases in which 0.1 % ethacridine lactate with spartein sulfate was used. Where ethacridine lactate alone was used 41.66% cases aborted in 24 hours and 83.3% in 48 hours with mean induction abortion interval of 27 hours 18 minutes. While in other group 44.4% aborted in 24 hours and 84.56% in 48 hours with mean induction abortion interval of 28 hours 30 minutes. Extraovular ethacridine lactate instillation was found to be a safe and efficient midtrimester abortifacient. Spartein sulfate has a minimal role in reducing the induction‐abortion interval.
Intramuscular Administration of 15(S) Methyl Prostaglandins F2 Alpha for Midtrimester Abortion
Authors: Sakunthala G. , Renganathan S. , Ramamurthy A.
Published: August 2010

The termination of midtrimester pregnancy has been a problem for obstetricians until recently. Intrauterine insertion of bougies or instillation of hypertonic solutions or other substances can cause serious complications and are slow to act with limited efficacy. A prostaglandin analogue 15(S) methyl F2 alpha was studied by intramuscular administration for termination of midtrimester pregnancy in twenty‐five healthy pregnant women. The clinical efficacy, safety and side effects were observed and evaluated.
Intrathecal Morphine for Postoperative Pain Relief
Authors: Huang Hung June , Ishimaru Tadayuki , Yamabe Tooru
Published: August 2010

We injected 0.1 to 3 mg of morphine and atropine morphine added to 0.3% dibucaine solution into the lumbar subarachnoid space of 101 patients for supplementary intraoperative anesthesia and postoperative analgesia. Pain relief occurred within 20 to 40 minutes after injection and lasted 6 to 59 hours, with a mean duration of 25 hours, in 65 patients; the remaining 36 patients obtained unlimited pain relief for over 72 hours. However, increasing the intrathecal dose of morphine to 3 mg did not increase the duration of the analgesia.

Respiratory depression was observed in 5 patients who had recieved 1.5 to 3 mg of morphine and atropine morphine. Four of these patients developed delayed respiratory depression 5 to 8 hours after the injection, and one developed early respiratory depression 1 hour after the injection. All required treatment.

Other systemic side effects such as itching, nausea and vomiting occurred in a high proportion of the patients. However, in the majority of cases, these side effects were mild. A good euphoric mood appeared in 6 patients.

Our experience, although limited, is that intrathecal morphine can be simultaneously used with local anesthetics effectively, safely and simply. But the optimal dose has yet been determined, and requires further investigation.
Atypical Basal Body Temperature (BBT) Associated with Ovulation after Dydrogesterone Administration in Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Disease
Authors: Tanaka Toshinobu , Sakuragi Noriaki , Fujimoto Seiichiro , Ichinoe Kihyoe
Published: August 2010

Atypical changes in basal body temperature (BBT) charts were observed after dydrogesterone administration in 14 of 20 patients with polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) who had had long‐standing amenorrhea and anovulation. In the cycles with an atypical BBT record, ovulation occurred during the withdrawal bleeding induced by dydrogesterone. On the other hand, atypical BBT graphs were not observed when dydrogesterone was given to patients with hypothalamic amenorrhea or those with dysmenorrhea who had regular menses and ovulations. Spontaneous ovulation occurred in 4 of the 13 next cycles, preceded by a dydrogesterone‐induced cycle with atypical BBT, and conception did occur in 3 of the 4 next cycles in which spontaneous ovulation was observed. These data suggest that dydrogesterone administration may be of clinical use both in the diagnosis and treatment of PCOD.
The Influence of Long‐Term Administration of Terbutaline on the Disaturated Phosphatidyl‐choline Concentration of Fetal Lung Tissue and Amniotic Fluid in Pregnant Rabbits
Authors: Higuchi Motokazu , Hirano Hideto , Maki Masahiro
Published: August 2010

Terbutaline (40 μg/kg) was given intramuscularly to pregnant rabbits three times daily from the 23rd day of gestation until the 26th to 30th days, when the fetuses were delivered by cesarean section. The wet lung weight/body weight ratio of fetuses significantly decreased in the terbutaline‐treated group on the 27th and 28th days as compared with the control. The concentration of disaturated phosphatidyl‐choline (DSPC) of fetal lung tissue significantly increased only on the 29th and 30th days of gestation, which corresponded to the 7th and 8th days after the administration of terbutaline. However, a significant increase of the DSPC concentration in amniotic fluid had already occurred from the 26th day. These findings indicate that terbutaline accelerates the lung surfactant release, but does not primarily stimulate the synthesis of lung surfactant. The acceleration can be achieved only by long‐term administration of terbutaline. As this drug is able to dehydrate the fetal lung tissue by reducing the lung fluid, it might contribute to the stabilization of pulmonary respiration after birth.
Study on Plasma Prolactin and Immunoreactive‐Prolactin Released from Decidua in Normal Pregnancy and Abortion
Authors: Kubota Toshiro , Suzuki Akira , Yaoi Yoshimasa , Kumasaka Takahiro , Saito Motoi
Published: August 2010

We investigated plasma prolactin (PRL) and immunoreactive‐PRL (IR‐PRL) released from decidua in vitro both in normal pregnancy and in inevitable abortion at 5 to 14 weeks of gestation. The plasma PRL level of normal cases in early pregnancy was 28.7 ± 2.1 ng/ml and that of abortion was 17.4 ± 1.9 ng/ml. The decidual PRL level of 23 normal cases was 320.1 ± 37.5 ng/100mg wet weight (w w) during 90‐minute incubation and that of 11 abortive cases was 259.8 ± 59.1 ng/100mg w w, lower than that of normal cases, but not significantly. The gel filtration pattern of decidual PRL by column chromatography was more similar to amniotic fluid PRL than to maternal plasma PRL.

These results suggest that there is little interaction between decidual and pituitary PRL, and between decidual PRL and placental function.
Elevated Concentrations of Prolactin, Human Growth Hormone and Human Placental Lactogen in Cord Sera Obtained from Light‐for‐Date Babies Near Term
Authors: Taketani Yuji , Taga Michiyoshi , Minaguchi Hiroshi , Mizuno Masahiko , Sakamoto Shoichi
Published: August 2010

The prolactin levels in maternal and cord sera and in amniotic fluid were determined at term to investigate the physiological roles of prolactin in the developmental processes of the human fetus. Relatively high levels of prolactin in cord sera and in amniotic fluid were obtained in neonates with birth weight less than 2500g (low‐birth‐weight). In contrast, lower prolactin levels in amniotic fluid were found in neonates over 3500g. The concentrations of both human growth hormone (hGH) and human placental lactogen (hPL) in cord sera from low‐birth‐weight babies were also elevated. These data suggest that observed increased levels of prolactin as well as hGH and hPL may have some relevance to the pathophysiology of the low‐birth‐weight baby.
An Analysis of Ethnic Differences in Perinatal Statistics in Singapore
Authors: Viegas Osbom A.C. , Huang Heng Siaw , Ratnam S.S.
Published: August 2010

The 8989 mothers delivered in the University Unit of Kandang Kerbau Hospital, Singapore in 1982 were analysed for their ethnic origins. Perinatal mortality rate was greatest amongst the Malay (Chinese 13.8/1000 cf, Malay 16.9/1000 cf, Indian 15.5/1000 when all deaths in infants weighing ?500g were considered).

Reasons for differences in birthweight and perinatal performance have been discussed.

There was a higher incidence of teenage pregnancy and grand multiparity amongst the Malays. Whilst much of the low birth‐weight within the Malay group may be accounted for by their shorter stature and increased incidence of pre‐term delivery, the cause for growth failure amongst the Indians was more difficult to establish.

Chinese mothers made more use of antenatal facilities available. There was a low incidence of congenital abnormalities overall but the Malay female infant and Indian male appeared more vulnerable to poor intrauterine growth and perinatal death.

From these findings, it is apparent that ethnic origin of the mother has an important bearing on perinatal performance. It is only by carefully identifying the various “risk factors” in the population that we can hope to institute appropriate therapies and so improve perinatal health.
Prenatal Diagnosis and Obstetric Management of Thanatophoric Dwarfism
Authors: Ghosh A. , Woo J.S.K , Tang L.C.H , Tang G.W.K , Wong V.C.W
Published: August 2010

Prenatal diagnosis of Thanatophoric Dwarfism by ultrasonography was made at 36 weeks in a pregnancy complicated by polyhydramnios. The diagnosis was based on the evidence of extremely short and deformed limbs, a narrow thorax relative to the abdomen and a degree of hydrocephalus. Progressive hydrocephalus as evidenced by repeated ultrasonography influenced subsequent obstetric management in this patient. Since polyhydramnios is commonly associated with fetal skeletal dysplasia, scanning of limb lengths and limb abnormalities should therefore be an essential part of a obstetric ultrasound examination when this complication is suspected.
Mixed Ovarian Germ Cell Tumor in 46, X,+mar Turner's Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Sekiya S. , Iwasawa H. , Inaba N. , Naito M. , Takamizawa H.
Published: August 2010

A case of gonadal dysgenesis in a patient with 46, X, +mar genotype associated with mixed ovarian germ cell tumors composed of immature teratoma and endodermal sinus tumor is reported. The presence of the Y marker chromosome was not confirmed by quinacrine fluorescence staining or from the clinical findings.
Induction of Ovulation with Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin
Authors: Ho Pak‐Chung , Tang Lawrence C.H. , Tang Grace W.K.
Published: August 2010

Thirty eight patients were treated in 135 treatment cycles with human menopausal gonadotrophin for induction of ovulation in Hong Kong University Gynaecological Unit since 1975. In 1975 to 1980, patients were monitored by vaginal cytology and cervical mucus everyday and plasma oestradiol on alternate days. The pregnancy rate was 52%. The multiple pregnancy rate was 31% and 10% of patients developed moderate or severe ovarian hyperstimulation. In 1981 to 1982, the patients were monitored with daily total urinary oestrogens. The pregnancy rate was 77%. The multiple pregnancy rate was 8% and none of the patients had moderate or severe ovarian hyperstimulation. The improvement in results was attributed to the daily biochemical monitoring.
Sonographic Differential Diagnosis of Pelvic Masses Complicating Pregnancy
Authors: Woo J.S.K. , Wan C.W. , Ghosh A. , Liang S.T. , Tang L.C.H. , Wong V.C.W.
Published: August 2010

The summary of 12 patients who had a pelvic mass diagnosed by sonography during pregnancy was presented. The pelvic patho logies included serous cystadenoma, dermoid cyst, endometriotic cyst of the ovary, cervical and uterine leiomyoma, malignant tumour of the cervix, bicornuate uterus, ectopic kidney and psoas abscess. The value and pitfalls of sonography in the evaluation of these conditions in a pregnant patient were discussed. One patient with uterine leiomyoma was incorrectly diagnosed as a dermoid cyst. In 2 patients where a cystic mass in the Pouch of Douglas was demonstrated by sonography, their presence could not be confirmed during subsequent laparotomy. Pelvic varicocoele was diagnosed in one case and in the other, no significant pelvic pathology was found. All 3 patients had unnecessary laparotomy. It was concluded that while sonography is extremely helpful in identifying and differentiating pelvic masses occurring during pregnancy, the diagnostic pitfalls of the investigation must be fully recognized. Careful correlation with other clinical information is also mandatory before decision on operative intervention.
Termination of Pregnancy by a Slow Release Device Containing 16, 16‐Dimethyl‐Trans‐Δ2 PGE Methyl Ester
Authors: Bygdeman M. , Christensen N.J. , Dimov V. , Green K.
Published: August 2010

Repeated administration is generally necessary to terminate pregnancy with the last generation of E analogues now in increasing use. In the present study degree of absorption, effect on uterine contractility, and clinical efficacy of a new slow release vaginal device containing between 0.75 to 2.0 mg 16,16‐dimethyl‐trans‐Δ2 PGE1 methyl ester is described. The study included 26 late second trimester patients (15th to 24th week) and 22 early second trimester patients (12th to 14th week) admitted to the hospital for termination of pregnancy. The former group of patients was treated with one medium size laminaria tent followed 12 hours later by either 1.5, 1.75, or 2.0 mg of the analogue. The early second trimester patients received 0.75, 1.0, or 1.25mg of the analogue and 12 hours later vacuum aspiration was performed. Irrespective of the administered dose a maximum plasma level around 400 pg/ml was reached after four hours. The duration of elevated plasma levels was, however, longer with the device containing 1.5 or 2.0 mg in comparison with that containing 0.75 mg. The development of uterine contractility was in accordance with the plasma levels. In the late second trimester patients the three dose levels were equally effective. Twenty‐one out of 26 patients aborted within 18 hours following the start of prostaglandin treatment. The effect on cervical dilatation in the early second trimester patients was dose dependent. The highest dose, 1.25 mg, had the drawback of a higher frequency of abortions prior to scheduled time for vacuum aspiration and gastrointestinal side effects. To this group of patients a 1.0 mg device seemed most suitable. The only side effects observed were vomiting and diarrhea, which occurred in approximately one third of the patients. The degree of gastrointestinal side effects was much lower than that generally reported for classical prostaglandins but also for F analogues.
Adenomatoid Tumor of the Uterus: A Light and Electron Microscopic Study of Two Cases
Authors: Konishi Ikuo , Fujii Shingo , Mori Takahide
Published: August 2010

Two cases of adenomatoid tumors of the uterus were studied by light and electron microscopy. Light microscopy revealed that the lesions consisted of two distinct histologic components, one glandular and the other plexiform. The glandular areas contained various sized lumina that were lined by a single layer of cuboidal cells, and the plexiform portions were comprised of spindle‐shaped cells in solid cords. Ultrastructurally, the glandular tissue consisted of mesothelial‐like cells which were characterized by numerous microvilli, desmosomes, and basal lamina. The mesenchymal‐like cells in the plexiform areas also had microvilli, however in this material the microvilli protruded toward the surrounding stroma. These latter cells were observed solitarily or in groups with narrow intercellular spaces. These electron microscopic findings suggested a biphasic nature of adenomatoid tumors, epithelial and mesenchymal. In addition, we observed spindle‐shaped cells which may have been undergoing a transition from mesenchymal‐like cells into mesothelial‐like cells in the mingled forms of both the glandular and plexiform components. This finding may imply that mesenchymal cells possibly differentiate into mesothelial‐like cells in adenomatoid tumors.
Metabolic Effects of Ritodrine Hydrochloride in the Pregnant Sheep
Authors: Akahane Masuo , Fujimoto Seiichiro , Uzuki Katsuya , Inagawa Akira , Sakai Keiichiro , Ichinoe Kihyoe
Published: August 2010

The effects of ritodrine hydrochloride on maternal and fetal arterial blood pH and pCO2, plasma electrolytes and maternal plasma glucose and free fatty acid levels were investigated in the third‐trimester pregnant sheep. Ritodrine produced a slight fall in the maternal and fetal arterial pH without changes in the arterial pC02. The pH values were, however, within a normal range. Increases in the maternal plasma glucose and free fatty acid levels were also observed. Although maternal and fetal plasma sodium and chloride concentrations did not change, the potassium decreased in a dose‐dependent manner both in the ewe and in the fetus following sequential ritodrine infusion. Constant infusion of ritodrine (3 mcg/kg/min), which is a sufficient dose to inhibit uterine contractions, also resulted in a significant decrease in the maternal plasma potassium concentration.

It appears to be necessary to give attention to the metabolic effects of ritodrine in long‐term therapy of premature labor.
The Pattern and Attitude of Nigerian Women in Benin City towards Female Sterilisation
Authors: Omu A. E. , Unuigbe J. A.
Published: August 2010

All the cases of female sterilisation at the maternity unit of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria, between January 1974 and December 1981 are analysed. There were a total of 248 sterilisation out of 19,905 deliveries, an incidence of 1 in 80 or 1.25%. There were 176 voluntary sterilisations out of 3,256 grand multipara, an incidence of 1 in 18 or 5.6%. To find out the background of the practice level, 560 grandmultipara were interviewed about their attitude towards female sterilisation. Reasons for the low acceptance level included desire for more children, permanent nature of the procedure, opposition from relations, blockage of tubes at reincarnation, fetal wastage and religious opposition.
Characteristics of Induced Labour
Authors: Gibb D. M. F. , Arulkumaran S. , Heng S. H. , Ratnam S. S.
Published: August 2010

The features of labour and delivery were studied in 1057 consecutive cases of induced labour in the University Unit, Kandang Kerbau Hospital, Singapore. The rate of induction was 9.8%. Six hundred and seventy‐three (63.7%) had normal vaginal deliveries, 174 (16.5%) were delivered by caesarean section and 209 (19.8%) had instrumental vaginal delivery. The mean gestational age was 40.1 weeks with 13 cases being induced at less than 37 completed weeks.

Five hundred and fifty nine patients were nulliparae and 498 multiparae. The mean modified Bishop's score was 5.8 in nulliparae and 6.3 in multiparae. The mean length of the first stage of labour was 8.1 hours in nulliparae and 4.5 hours in multiparae. The mean maximum dose of oxytocin was 17.8 milliunits per minute in nulliparae and 13.2 milliunits per minute in multiparae.

The caesarean section rate was 24.2% in nulliparae and 7.8% in multiparae. 43.7% of the caesarean sections in the nulliparae were ascribed to failed induction of labour and 35.9% in the multiparae.

The nulliparae with poor cervical scores required a mean maximum dose of oxytocin of 24.1 milliunits per minute having a mean first stage of labour of 10.8 hours. The emergency caesaren section rate was 64% in this group.

The ease with which labour can be induced with a favourable obstetric outcome is dependent on parity and cervical score. Nulliparous patients with a poor cervical score have a high rate of failed induction of labour. In such circumstances induction of labour should be performed where there is objective evidence of fetal compromise.
Early Prenatal Diagnosis of Inborn Error of Metabolism: A Case Report of a Fetus Affected with Fabry's Disease
Authors: Tsutsumi Osamu , Sato Masahito , Sato Kodo , Sato Kazuo , Mizuno Masahiko , Sakamoto Shoichi
Published: August 2010

A microassay method for early prenatal diagnosis of inborn error of metabolism using cultured amniotic cells was developed and Fabry's disease was diagnosed prenatally. After several days of culture small freeze‐dried cell samples (about 1 μg of dry weight) were prepared and weighed on a quartz fiber fish‐pole balance, then incubated in 5μl of assay mixture in the microtube for a‐galactosidase. Severe deficiency of the enzyme activity and male karyotype suggested that the fetus was hemizygous. After termination of pregnancy, diagnosis was confirmed by proving the enzyme deficiency in various tissues. Morphological study revealed that abnormal accumulation started early in the prenatal stage.
The Physiological Role of the Sitting Parturient Posture
Authors: Mori Hiroyuki , Chen Shin‐Zon , Aisaka Kozo , Matsuoka Ryo , Kigawa Tomonori
Published: August 2010

Clinical data from 34 deliveries in the sitting position were compared with 59 supine deliveries. There were no significant differences between the two groups either in the duration of labor or in fetal well‐being as measured by data from the FHR pattern, umbilical blood gas analysis and APGAR score. However, analysis of the uterine contraction wave revealed a significant elevation of the resting tonus and shortening of the duration of the uterine contraction in the sitting group. These suggest that the reduced duration of the uterine contraction gave equivalent or better delivery force. Mothers declared they were more comfortable and could more easily make bearing‐down efforts in the sitting position than in the supine position.

It is concluded that labor in the sitting position is not only a physiological but also a favorable posture for the management of labor.
Down Syndrome and Maternal Age in Hong Kong Chinese
Authors: Ghosh A. , Woo J. S. K. , Chan C. L. , Poon I. , Fok T. F. , Wong V. C. W. , Ma Ho‐Kei
Published: August 2010

Maternal age specific incidence of Down Syndrome in the Chinese has, up to now, been unavailable in the literature. The incidence of Down Syndrome births and the maternal age distribution for the period 1962 to 1980 were ascertained from hospital records and registers at the University teaching hospital in Hong Kong where over 99% of the patient population are of Chinese descent. Three mathematical models were studied to derive the smoothed rates for the age specific incidence of Down Syndrome. The polynomial regression exponential model, with the equation Iny = ‐ 1.2194 – .1245x + .0049x2 showed the best fit. The overall icidence of Down Syndrome was found to be 1 in 1114 live births. A lower rate was observed in the study population along the whole range of maternal age, as compared with the Caucasian counterpart. The possibility of underdiagnosis was evaluated.

The percentage of pregnant women over 35 years decreased from 16.2 in the period 1962–1970 to 8.6 in the period 1971 to 1980. Of the total Down births the contribution from those over the age of 35 years decreased from 64.7% to 54.7%. An increase in the incidence of Down births however was demonstrable in mothers aged 35 to 39 delivering during the period.

Based on maternal age distribution for 1979 and 1980, a reduction of Down births by 7 and 12% will be achieved assuming a one‐third compliance rate when the cut‐off point for maternal age in the amniocentesis programme is 40 and 35 years respectively.
Progress Report on Nationwide Networking System of Perinatal Summary Records
Authors: Yamamoto Koji , Ogura Hisakazu , Furutani Hiroshi , Kitazoe Yasuhiro , Takeda Yoshihiko
Published: August 2010

A pilot system of nationwide networking of perinatal records, which is operational at Osaka University Computation Center, is introduced. The system was developed mainly to analyze operating problems inherent in such a nationwide data entry system. It provides a handy tool for entry and analysis of perinatal summary records by using a time‐sharing terminal. Great care was taken in data security. To each user and each item, security levels are assigned. Users can not see detailed values of items which have a higher security level than their own. All records and items are available for statistical calculations, however. The system was tested by 8 university hospitals (Univ. of Tokyo, Nihon Univ., Keio Univ., Hamamatsu Univ., Kitazato Univ., Univ. of Osaka, Tottori Univ. and Kyushu Univ.), who reported success in using the system while incurring only low running costs.
Calmodulin in Breast Milk, and Umbilical and Maternal Plasma
Authors: Hira Takaaki , Fukumoto Seigo , Kono Shinzo , Takenaka Shizuhiro
Published: August 2010

Calmodulin concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay in breast milk and the plasmas of cord vessels and of nonpregnant and pregnant women. Calmodulin concentrations in the maternal plasma rose slightly in the 36–39th week of gestation, maintained a high level until the 5th postpartum day, and then decreased to nearly the non‐pregnant control level. Among intrapartum plasma samples calmodulin concentration increased in the order: umbilical vein, umbilical artery, maternal peripheral vein. The breast milk calmodulin concentrations on the 5th and 30th postpartum day were 8.7‐ and 10.5‐times higher respectively than those in the maternal plasma obtained simultaneously. The calmodulin concentrations in breast milk, and maternal and umbilical plasma were too low to bind all the calcium contained in these samples. These results suggest that calmodulin is also present in the human mammary gland and that it might play some role in modulating the calcium transport there.
Suppressive Effect of Prostaglandin D2 on Prolactin Secretion from Rat Anterior Pituitary
Authors: Arisawa Masayoshi , Makino Tsunehisa , Izumi Sun‐ichiro , Lizuka Rihachi
Published: August 2010

Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) was investigated for its effect on prolactin (PRL) secretion from rat anterior pituitary in vitro and in vivo. Significant suppression in the release of PRL was observed when the anterior pituitaries were incubated for 4 hours in vitro in the presence of more than 100 μg of PGD2/ml incubation medium. In the second experiment, animals received intravenous injections of PGD2 after pretreatment of ovariectomized mature rats with estrogen and progesterone. Thirty minutes after injection of 250 μg or 500 μg of PGD2, serum PRL levels were significantly lower than levels before the PGD2 injection. The injection of the vehicle control did not affect serum PRL levels.

These results suggest that at high dosages PGD2 suppresses PRL secretion by acting directly on the rat anterior pituitary gland.
Book Review
Authors: Ogita S.
Published: August 2010

Foundations of Obstetrics
Mid‐Trimester Therapeutic Abortion by Vaginal Suppository of 16, 16‐Dimethyl‐Trans‐Δ2 ‐Prostaglandin E1
Authors: Kato Koichi , Furuya Kenichi , Makimura Noriko , Nagata Ichiro , Ishida Masami , Seki Katsuyoshi
Published: August 2010

A new analog of PGE1 was vaginally administered with (n=20) or without (n=29) laminaria tents and metreurynter to pregnant women during mid‐trimester for therapeutic abortion. All patients successfully aborted. The abortion time was short, the amount of bleeding was small, and there was little difference between patients treated with 16 DM‐PGE1 alone and those treated with 16 DM‐PAGE1, laminaria tents, and metreurynter. However, amounts of 16 DM‐PGE1 required for abortion were significantly greater in patients treated with 16 DM‐PGE1 alone. Occurrences of side effects increased with increased amounts of 16 DM‐PGE1 administered. Therefore, vaginal administration of 16 DM‐PGE1 in combination with the use of laminaria tents and metreurynter successfully induced abortion in women during mid‐trimester with minimal side effects, and was considered to be the best method presently available for mid‐trimester therapeutic abortion.
Unexplained Menorrhagia: Problems with Management
Authors: Oronsaye Augustine U. , Orhue Augustine E. , Unuigbe Jacob A.
Published: August 2010

The cases of menorrhagia in the absence of pelvic or other pathology, seen and managed at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, over a six year period (1975–1980) are reviewed with a view to appraising the rational and effectiveness of medical (drug) and surgical management.

The results suggest a haphazard approach in management in a majority of the cases. Suggestions are hereby made for consideration of an organised approach to both the diagnosis and treatment of these cases.
Multivariate Analysis of Singapore Birth Weights
Authors: Lun Kwok‐Chan , Tan Nalla R. , Hughes Kenneth
Published: August 2010

Early studies have established that birth weight is influenced by a host of genetic and environmental factors. For this reason, the merit of examining the relationship of this anthropometric measurement with any one factor in isolation using simple bivariate studies is suspect. Although stratified analysis has been used as an alternative approach, its limitation becomes immediately obvious as the number of confounding factors requiring control increases. Later studies on factors affecting birth weight variation have recoursed to the use of the Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) technique.

This paper reports the effects of seven factors on variation in a Singapore sample of 23, 591 singleton birth weights collected between 1967 through 1974. The dummy variable approach was adopted for the MLR analysis to relax the restriction of a linear relationship between some of the measurement variables, such as gestational length and maternal age, with birth weight.

The results show that sex, birth order, father's occupation and ethnic group are significant factors affecting birth weight variation. Maternal age appears to be significant for mothers below 35 years as is gestational length before 42 weeks. Place of residence has no significant effect. The concordance of the findings with results from studies done elsewhere is discussed.
Sirenomelia–A Case Report
Authors: Purwar Manorama B. , Deshpande Asha S. , Jawade Shashikala B.
Published: August 2010

A rare case of sirenomelia due to embryonic injury which may be due to harmful effect of drugs taken during early weeks of gestation is reported.
Hysterosalpingography II. The Efficacy of Glucagon as a Spasmolytic in Overcoming Tubal Spasm during Hysterosalpingography
Authors: Anandakumar C. , Rauff Mary , Wong Eric , Wong P.C. , Ratnam SS
Published: August 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Glucagon as a spasmolytic in overcoming tubal spasm during hysterosalpingography. From this study we found that Glucagon was not an effective spasmolytic to overcome tubal spasms during hy sterosalpingogram.
Change of Catecholamine Turnover in Ovary during the Rat Estrous Cycle
Authors: Nagahara Yasuhito , Miyake Akira , Koike Koji , Sakumoto Tetsurou , Aono Toshihiro
Published: August 2010

The changes in rate of turnover of catecholamines (CA) in rat ovary during the estrous cycle were examined. The monoamine oxidase inhibitor pargyline (80mg/kg ip), or saline as a control was injected at 12:00 h of each stage of the ovarian cycle, animals were decapitated 1 h later, and their ovaries were removed. Norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) were extracted and measured by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The turnover rate of NE in the ovary was significantly (P>0.05) lower in proestrus of the estrous cycle than in diestrus‐1 and diestrus‐2. The turnover rate of DA in the ovary was slightly, but not significantly, lower in proestrus than in other stages of the ovarian cycle. These results suggest that decrease in the NE turnover rate in the ovary may be involved in the ovulatory process.
Correlation Between Amniotic Fluid Lecithin‐Sphingomyelin (L/S) Ratio and Optical Density Measured after Centrifugation at Varying Forces
Authors: Shimokawa Hiroshi , Hisanaga Sachio , Maesato Soei , Kashiwabara Yoshiro , Maeda Hirotaka , Oki Satoshi , Nakano Hitoo
Published: August 2010

The present study was carried out for two reasons: to investigate the correlation between amniotic fluid lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio and optical density at wavelengths ranging from 350 nm to 650 nm, and to determine the effect of centrifugal force on that correlation.

When an L/S ratio of 2.0 and optical density values of 0.15 at 650 nm, 0.16 at 600 nm and 0.17 at 575 nm were taken as discriminative values between pulmonary maturity and immaturity, the true positive rate of samples centrifuged at 450xg was not different from that of samples centrifuged at 2000xg, but the false negative rate was high among the samples centrifuged at 2000xg (P>0.005).

These results indicate that for amniotic fluid centrifuged at 450xg, the optical density at wavelengths ranging from 575 nm to 650 nm provides a rapid, simple, accurate indicator of fetal lung maturity.