bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Berberine Nanomicelle for Improvement of Cerebral Ischemia: Formulation, Characterization and Evaluation in Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion Rat Model
Authors: Azadi Roza , Mousavi Seyyedeh Elaheh , Kazemi Negar Motakef , Yousefi-Manesh Hasan , Rezayat Seyed Mahdi , Jaafari Mahmoud Reza
Published: December 2020

Backgraound: Berberine (BBR) is a plant alkaloid which possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects with low oral bioavailability. In this study, micelle formulation of BBR was investigated in order to improve therapeutic efficacy and examined its effect on secretion of inflammatory cytokines in cerebral ischemia in animal model. Material and Methods: Nano formulation was prepared by thin film hydration method, and characterized by particle size, zeta potential, morphology, encapsulation efficacy and drug release in Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF) and Simulated Intestine Fluid (SIF). Then, rats were pretreated with drug (100 mg/kg) and nano drug (25, 50, 75, 100 mg/kg) for 14 days. Stroke induction was accomplished by Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion (BCCAO), TNF-α, IL-1ß, and MDA levels were measured in the brain and the anti-inflammatory effect of BBR formulations were examined. Result and discussion: Micelles were successfully formed with appropriate characteristics and smaller sizes than 20 nm. The PDI, zeta potential, encapsulation efficacy of micelles were 0.227, -22 mV, 81%, respectively. Also, the stability of nano micelles was higher in SGF as compared to SIF. Conclusion: Our clinical data show that treated groups in different doses (nano BBR 100, 75, 50 mg/kg, and BBR 100 mg/kg) successfully showed decreased levels of the inflammatory factors in cerebral ischemia compared with stroke group and treated group with nano BBR in dose of 25 mg/kg. Nano BBR formulation with lower dose can be a better candidate than conventional BBR formulation to reduce oxidative and inflammatory factors in cerebral ischemia.
Isolation, Structure Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Two Water-Soluble Polysaccharides from Lenzites betulina
Authors: Dai Hongwei , Ma Jiayu , Wang Junmin , Hua Yan , Guo Lei
Published: December 2020

Background: Fungal polysaccharides belong to a very important class of biological macromolecules in nature, and have complex monosaccharide composition and structure. These studies on structure and biological activity of fungal polysaccharides have become one of the research hotspots of scholars at home and abroad. Results: This study was performed in order to understand the structural characteristics and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Lenzites betulina (LBPs). The LBPs were deproteinized using sevag method, and further purified by DEAE cellulose-52 column and Sephadex G-100 column chromatographies, then the two refined polysaccharides were obtained and named LBPs-5 and LBPs-6. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) showed that LBPs-5 and LBPs-6 are typical β-pyranose with characteristic peaks of polysaccharides. The molecular weight of the two water-soluble were estimated to be 3.235×103 Da and 6.196×103 Da by HPGPC, respectively. HPLC with PMP derivatization analysis indicated that the monosaccharide compositions of LBPs-5 were mannose, glucuronic acid, glucose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 0.05:0.15:0.76:0.04. The monosaccharide compositions of LBPs-6 were mannose, glucuronic acid, and glucose, in a molar ratio of 0.04:0.17:0.79. Furthermore, the two water-soluble polysaccharides demonstrated strong scavenging effects on DPPH·, ABTS.+, ·OH and weak total reducing power, especially LBPs-6 was significantly stronger in scavenging rate than that of LBPs-5. Conclusions: The outcome of the study indicated that LBPs had good potential as medicine and food.
Analysis of DNA mobility and gene electrotransfer in 3D in vitro collagen gel model
Authors: Meglič Saša Haberl , Pavlin Mojca
Published: December 2020

Background: Gene electrotransfer is an established method that enables transfer of DNA into cells with electric pulses. Several studies analyzed different parameters; however the question of the mechanisms involved in gene electrotransfer remains open. One of main obstacles toward efficient gene electrotransfer in vivo is relatively poor DNA mobility in tissues.Objective and method: In order to analyze the effect of impaired mobility on gene electrotransfer efficiency, we applied electric pulses with different durations on plated cells, cells grown on collagen layer and cells embedded in collagen gel (3D model) and compared gene electrotransfer efficiency and viability of cells.Results: We obtained the highest transfection of plated cells, while transfection efficiency of embedded cells in 3D model was lowest and similar as in in vivo. To further analyze poor DNA mobility in 3D model, we applied DNA in top of or injected it into 3D model and showed that former way increases gene electrotransfer efficiency as was shown in in vivo studies.Conclusion: We reported empirically and theoretically evidence that DNA has impaired mobility and diffusion in collagen environment. In addition our method provides resembling in vivo situation, where gene electrotransfer mechanisms can be studied.
Cost of Community-Led Larval Source Management and House Improvement for Malaria Control: A Cost Analysis Within A Cluster-Randomised Trial in A Rural District in Malawi
Authors: Phiri Mphatso Dennis , McCann Robert Sean , Kabaghe Alinune Nathanael , Berg Henk van den , Malenga Tumaini , Gowelo Steven , Tizifa Tinashe , Takken Willem , Vugt Michèle van , Phiri Kamija Samuel , Terlouw Dianne Janette , Worrall Eve
Published: December 2020

Background: House improvement (HI) to prevent mosquito house entry, and larval source management (LSM) targeting aquatic mosquito stages to prevent development into adult forms, are promising complementary interventions to current malaria vector control strategies. Lack of evidence on costs and cost-effectiveness of community-led implementation of HI and LSM has hindered wide scale adoption. This study presents an incremental cost analysis of community-led implementation of HI and LSM, in a factorial design trial, in addition to standard national malaria control interventions in Chikwawa district, southern Malawi.Methods: In the trial, LSM comprised draining, filling, and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis larvicide application, while HI involved closing of eaves and gaps on walls, and screening windows and ventilation spaces with wire mesh. Communities implemented all interventions. Costs were estimated retrospectively using the ‘ingredients approach’, combining both ‘bottom-up’ and ‘top-down approaches’, from the societal perspective. To estimate the cost of independently implementing each intervention arm, resources shared between trial arms (e.g. overheads) were allocated to each consuming arm using proxies developed based on share of resource input quantities consumed. Incremental implementation costs (in 2017 US$) are presented for HI only, LSM only and HI+LSM arms. In sensitivity analyses, the effect of varying costs of important inputs on estimated costs was explored. Results: The total economic program costs of community-led HI and LSM implementation was $626,152. Economic implementation costs of HI, LSM and HI+LSM were estimated as $27.04, $25.06 and $33.44, per person per year, respectively. Staff, transport and labour costs, but not larvicide or screening material, were the major cost drivers across all interventions. Estimated costs were sensitive to changes in staff costs and population covered. Conclusions: In the context of the trial, the economic costs of community-led HI and LSM implementation were high compared to conventional vector control interventions. Several factors, including the year-round implementation of LSM and low human population density could explain the high costs. The factorial trial design necessitated use of proxies to allocate costs shared between trial arms, which may limit generalisability of estimated costs where different designs are used. Nevertheless, costs may inform planners of future similar intervention packages. Trial registration: Not applicable. The original trial was registered with The Pan African Clinical Trials Registry on 3 March 2016, trial number PACTR201604001501493.
Associating the Scale-Up of Insecticide-Treated Nets and Use With the Decline in All-Cause Child Mortality in the Democratic Republic of Congo From 2005 to 2014
Authors: Karemere Johanna Nzigire , Nana Ismael Ghislain , Andrada Andrew , Kakesa Olivier Muswalu , Sompwe Eric Mukomena , Likwela Joris Losimba , Emina Jacques O , Sadou Aboubacar , Humes Michael , Yé Yazoumé
Published: December 2020

Background To reduce the malaria burden and improve the socioeconomic status of its citizens, the Democratic Republic of Congo scaled up key malaria control interventions, especially insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), between 2005 and 2014. Since then, the effects of these interventions on malaria mortality and morbidity have not been assessed. This study aims to measure the impact of the National Malaria Control Programme’s efforts and to inform future control strategies.Methods The authors used data from the Demographic and Health Surveys 2007 and 2013-2014 to assess trends in all-cause childhood mortality (ACCM) against trends in coverage of malaria interventions at national and subnational levels. The authors used the plausibility argument to assess the impact of the malaria control interventions and used Kaplan-Meier survival probability and Cox proportional hazard models to examine the effect of ITN ownership on child survival. Contextual factor trends affecting child survival were also considered.Results Countrywide, household ownership of at least one ITN increased, from 9% in 2007 to 70% in 2013-2014. All provinces experienced similar increases, with some greater than the national level. ITN use increased between 2007 and 2013-2014 among children under five (6% to 55%). Severe anaemia (haemoglobin concentration <8g/dl) prevalence among children aged 6–59 months significantly decreased, from 11% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9–13%) in 2007 to 6% (95% CI: 5–7%) in 2013-2014. During the same period, ACCM declined, from 148 (95% CI: 132-163) to 104 (95% CI: 97-112) deaths per 1,000 live births. The decline in ACCM was greater among children aged 6–23 months (relative reduction of 36%), compared to children aged 24–59 months (relative reduction of 12%). Cox regression indicated that household ownership of at least one ITN reduced the risk of mortality by 24% among children under five (risk ratio=0.76, 95% CI: 0.64–0.90). Contextual factor analysis revealed marginal improvements in socioeconomic indicators and other health interventions.Conclusions Given the patterns of the coverage of malaria control interventions, patterns in ACCM by province, and marginal improvements in contextual factors, the authors conclude that the malaria control interventions have plausibly contributed to the decrease in ACCM in the Democratic Republic of Congo from 2005 to 2014.
Urgent-SQ Implant: Safety and Efficacy, 18 Years After First Implantation.
Authors: Dorsthorst Manon te , Janssen Dick , Martens Frank , Balken Michael van , Heesakkers John
Published: December 2020

Background: To evaluate the long term follow up in terms of safety and usability of the Urgent-SQ system (implantable tibial nerve stimulator) based on 1 year, 9 year follow up and novel results 18 years after first implantation in 2002.Materials & Methods: Since 2002, eight patients were implanted with the Urgent-SQ system. Seven patients were included in previous follow up studies, 1 patient had loss of efficacy before 1 year of follow up. During this study all patients who were included in the previous follow-up studies (n=7) were contacted to be interviewed regarding efficacy, usability and safety. Results: Five out of seven patients were available for assessment, mean age 72 years ± 8 (range 65-82). Two patients were considered lost to follow up. None of the interviewed patients reported safety issues, new adverse events or discomfort. One of the patients was able to visit the hospital for efficacy. However, treatment could not be performed due to deficiency of the external or internal component. All patients did not perform self-stimulation anymore due to external stimulator deficiency (n=2) or loss of effect (n=3). Conclusion: 18 year follow up of the Urgent-SQ implant demonstrates a high safety profile. However efficacy after 18 years is lacking in 60% whereas in 40% the therapy cannot be applied because the external stimulator is deficient. This most likely depicts the end of the lifecycle of the device.
Personal Exposure Levels to O3, NOx, PM10 and the Association to Ambient Levels in two Swedish Cities
Authors: Haga Susanna , Hagenbjörk Annika , Olin Anna-Carin , Forsberg Bertil , Liljelind Ingrid , Carlsen Hanne Krage , Modig Lars
Published: December 2020

BackgroundExposure to air pollution is of great concern for public health although studies on the associations between exposure estimates and personal exposure are limited and somewhat inconsistent. We aimed to quantify the associations between personal NOx, ozone and PM10 exposure levels to ambient levels, and the impact of climate and time spent outdoors in two cities in Sweden.MethodsSubjects (n=65) from two Swedish cities participated in the study. The study protocol included personal exposure measurements at three occasions, or waves. Personal exposure measurements of NOx, ozone, and PM10, were performed for 10 days and 24 hours respectively, and the participants kept a diary on activities. Stationary monitoring stations provided hourly data of NOx, ozone, and PM, as well as data on air temperature and relative humidity. Data were analysed using mixed linear models with the subject-id as a random effect and stationary exposure and covariates as fixed effects. ResultsPersonal exposure levels of NOx, ozone, and PM10 were significantly associated with levels measured at air-pollution monitoring stations. The associations persisted after adjusting for temperature, relative humidity, city, and wave, but the modelled estimates were slightly attenuated from 2.4% (95% CI 1.8-2.9) to 2.0% (0.97-2.94%) for NOX, from 3.7% (95% CI 3.1-4.4) to 2.1% (95% CI 1.1-2.9%) for O3 and from 2.6% (95% 0.9-4.2%) to 1.3% (95% CI -1.5-4.0) for PM10. After adding covariates, the degree of explanation offered by the model (coefficient of determination, or R2) did not change for NOX (0.64 to 0.63), but increased from 0.46 to 0.63 for O3, and from 0.38 to 0.43 for PM10. ConclusionsPersonal exposure to NOx, ozone and PM have moderate to good association with levels measured at urban background sites. The results indicate that stationary measurements are valid as measure of exposure in environmental health risk assessments, especially if they can be refined using activity diaries and meteorological data. Approximately 50-70% of the variation of the personal exposure was explained by the stationary measurement, implying occurrence of misclassification in studies using more crude exposure metrics, potentially leading to underestimates of the effects of exposure to ambient air pollution
Relationship between O-GlcNAcase Expression and Prognosis of Patients with Osteosarcoma
Authors: Sombutthaweesri Thamonwan , Wu Shuangjiang , Chamusri Nutchapon , Settakorn Jongkolnee , Pruksakorn Dumnoensun , Chaiyawat Parunya , Sastraruji Thanapat , Krisanaprakornkit Suttichai , Supanchart Chayarop
Published: December 2020

Background: Several studies have demonstrated a role of O-GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) in tumorigenesis of various carcinomas by modification of tumor-associated proteins. However, its implication in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the levels of O-GlcNAc and the expressions of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) in human osteosarcoma tissues and to find correlations between the levels or expressions and several clinicopathologic parameters.Methods: Immunohistochemistry was conducted in 109 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded bone tissue sections that were derived from 109 first diagnosed osteosarcoma patients, including Enneking stage IIB (n=70) and III (n=39). Correlations between the imunoreactive score (IRS) and clinicopathologic parameters, overall survival, and metastasis- free survival were evaluated. Results: A positive correlation was found between the IRS of OGA and the percentage of post-chemotherapeutic tumor necrosis (r=0.308; P=0.017). Univariate analysis revealed significantly lower OGA IRS in metastatic patients (P=0.020) and poor chemotherapeutic-responder patients (P=0.001). By multivariate analysis, presence of tumor metastasis (P=0.002) and lower OGA IRS (P=0.004) was significantly associated with shorter overall survival. Subgroup analysis in stage IIB osteosarcoma (n=70) demonstrated that male gender (P=0.019), presence of tumor recurrence (P=0.026), poor chemotherapeutic responder (P=0.022), and lower OGA IRS (P=0.019) were significantly correlated with short metastasis-free survival. But, lower OGA IRS was the only independent predictor for short metastasis-free survival (P=0.006).Conclusions: O-GlcNAc pathway, especially OGA, involved in pathogenesis and aggressiveness of osteosarcoma. Low level of OGA expression may be used as a poor prognostic indicator.
The Role of ARHGAP9: Clinical Implication and Potential Function in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Han Caixia , He Shujiao , Wang Ruiqi , Gao Xuefeng , Wang Hong , Qiao Jingqiao , Meng Xiangyu , Li Yonghui , Yu Li
Published: December 2020

Background: Rho GTPase activating protein 9 (ARHGAP9) is expressed in many cancers and can inactivate Rho GTPases that are key regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics. However, the exact role of ARHGAP9 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is still unclear. Methods: We compared the transcriptional expression, prognosis, differentially expressed genes, function enrichment, and hub genes in AML patients based on published data in UALCAN, GEPIA, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), the Human Protein Atlas (HPA), Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), LinkedOmics, Metascape, and String databases. Data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to evaluate the correlations between ARHGAP9 expression and various clinicopathological parameters as well as the significantly different genes associated with ARHGAP9 expression.Results: We found that ARHGAP9 expression was higher in AML patient tissues and cell lines than the corresponding control tissues and other cancer types. Furthermore, ARHGAP9 over-expression was associated with shorter overall survival (OS) in AML patients. Compared with the ARHGAP9low group, ARHGAP9high patients received only chemotherapy showed the significantly worse OS and event-free survival (EFS), but no significant difference after treatment with autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto/allo-HSCT). In addition, ARHGAP9high patients undergoing auto/allo-HSCT had significantly better prognosis in OS and EFS than those receiving only chemotherapy. Because most of the overlapping gene between the significantly different genes and co-expression genes were enriched in the immune functions, suggesting an immune regulation potential of ARHGAP9 in AML. Thirty-two hub genes were identified from the differently expressed genes, within which the KIF20A had significant prognostic value for AML.Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that ARHGAP9 overexpression was associated with poor OS in AML patients and can be used as a prognosis biomarker. AML patients with ARHGAP9 over-expression could benefit from auto/allo-HSCT rather than chemotherapy.
Prevalence and correlates of sexual violence among adolescent girls and young women: findings from a cross-sectional study in a South African university
Authors: Ajayi Anthony Idowu , Mudefi Elmon , Owolabi Eyitayo Omolara
Published: December 2020

Background: There is a window of opportunity to address the menace of sexual violence in South Africa, given the formation of the ministerial task team commissioned by the president in 2019 following the brutal rape and murder of a female university student in Cape Town. Epidemiological data on the prevalence and factors associated with sexual violence is critical to understanding the magnitude of the problem and designing interventions towards reversing the trend of sexual violence in the country. Drawing from cross-sectional data from a South Africa university, we examined the prevalence and correlates of sexual violence among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). Methods: We analysed data of 451 AGYW selected using stratified sampling. Sexual violence was defined as any sexual acts, and attempt to obtain a sexual act without consent. We used adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression models to examine the factors associated with exposure to sexual violence while controlling for relevant covariates. Results: The lifetime and past year prevalence of sexual violence was 37.9% and 25.3%, respectively. A higher prevalence of sexual violence was reported by heavy episodic drinkers of alcohol (lifetime 48.4% and past year 34.0%), those who received insufficient financial support (lifetime 58.0% and past year 35.8%) compared to non-users of alcohol and those who received adequate financial support. AGYW who reported heavy episodic use of alcohol were twice more likely to report experiencing sexual violence compared to non-users. However, individuals who received adequate family support were 76% and 65% less likely to report lifetime and past year experience of sexual violence compared to those who received inadequate family support. Also, AGYW who rated themselves as very religious were 80% and 75% less likely to report lifetime and past year experience of sexual violence compared to those who were not religious.Conclusion: Our study shows that sexual violence affects a large proportion of girls, requiring intervention that not only focuses on increasing social support for survivors, facilitating reporting, and ensuring justice is served, but also target alcohol use reduction and poverty alleviation.
Effect of Anionic Group [SiO4]4-/[PO4]3- on the Luminescence Properties of Dy3+-Doped Tungstate Structural Compounds
Authors: Liu Ning , Mei Lefu , Bin Jianxiong , Peng Zhijian
Published: December 2020

The novel scheelite structures of Li2Ca(WO4)2 , Li2Ca2(WO4)(SiO4), and LiCa2(WO4)(PO4) fluorescent materials were successfully prepared using a high-temperature solid-phase method. The compounds were characterized by XRD, EDS, and XRF. The test results showed that the substitution of [WO4]2- by [SiO4]4- /[PO4]3- tetrahedron in tungstate had no significant influence on the crystal structure of the Li2Ca(WO4)2. When Dy3+ ions were introduced as an activator at an optimum doping concentration of 0.08% mol, all of the as-prepared phosphors generated yellow light emissions, and the emission peak was located close to 576 nm. Replacing [WO4]2- with [SiO4]4- /[PO4]3- tetrahedron significantly increased the luminescence of the Li2Ca(WO4)2 phosphors. In addition, the LiCa2(WO4)(PO4):zDy3+ phosphors had the best luminescence properties, decay life (τ = 0.049 ms), and thermal stability (87.8%).
A Retrospective Study on The Usefulness of The JJ Risk Engine for Predicting Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Authors: Yamashita Yasunari , Kitajima Rina , Matsubara Kiyoshi , Inoue Gaku , Matsubara Hajime
Published: December 2020

Objective: The JJ risk engine, developed in 2012, is an algorithm that predicts the 19 incidence of diabetes complications that may develop after 5 to 10 years. However, 20 studies validating the JJ risk engine have not yet been reported;we aimed to verify the 21 JJ risk engine. In 2013, we conducted a retrospective survey using medical records of 22 484 patients with type 2 diabetes. The observed value of coronary heart disease (CHD) 23 complicationsafter 5 years and the predicted value by the JJ risk engine as of 2013 were 24 compared and verified using the discrimination and calibration values.25Results: Among the total cases analyzed, the C-statistic was 0.588,and the calibration 26 was p <0.05; thus, the JJ risk engine could not correctly predict the risk of CHD. However, 27 in the group expected to have a low frequency of hypoglycemia, the C-statistic was 0.646; 28 the predictability of the JJ risk engine was relatively accurate. Further, in the group of 29 patients using high-dose insulin, segregated from the group expected to have a high 30 frequency of hypoglycemia, the C-statistic was 0.866; thus, the JJ risk engine correctly 31 predicted the risk of CHD. Hence, the above results were not consistent in trend.
SARS-CoV2 infection in Symptomatic patients: interest of Serological tests and Predictors of Mortality. Experience of DR Congo
Authors: Makulo Jean-Robert Rissassy , Mandina Madone Ndona , Mbala Placide Kingebeni , Wumba Roger Dimosi , Akilimali Pierre Zalagile , NLANDU Yannick Mayamba , Odio Jerome Ossam , Bepouka Ben Izizag , Longokolo Murielle Mashi , Mukenge Eric Kasongo , Kamwiziku Guyguy , Muamba Jonathan Mutombo , Longo Augustin Luzayadio , Lufu Crispin Muanza , Keke Hervé Letin , Mbula Marcel Mambimbi , Situakibanza Hippolyte Nanituma , Sumaili Ernest Kiswaya , Kayembe Jean-Marie Ntuma
Published: December 2020

Background: In symptomatic patients, the diagnostic approach of Covid-19 should be holistic. We aimed to evaluate the concordance between RT-PCR and serological tests (IgM/IgG), and identify the factors that best predict mortality (clinical stages or viral load).Methods: The study included 242 patients referred to the University hospital of Kinshasa for suspected Covid-19, dyspnea or ARDS between June 1st, 2020 and August 02, 2020. Both antibody-SARS-CoV2 IgM/IgG and RT-PCR method were performed on the day of admission to hospital. The clinical stages were established according to the Covid-19 WHO classification. The viral load was expressed by the CtN2 (cycle threshold value of the nucleoproteins) and the CtE (envelope) genes of SARS- CoV-2 detected using GeneXpert. Kappa test and Cox regression were used as appropriate.Results: The GeneXpert was positive in 74 patients (30.6%). Seventy two patients (29.8%) had positive IgM and 34 patients (14.0 %) had positive IgG. The combination of RT-PCR and serological tests made it possible to treat 104 patients as having Covid-19, which represented an increase in cases of around 41% compared to the result based on GeneXpert alone. The comparison between the two tests has shown that 57 patients (23.5 %) had discordant results. The Kappa coefficient was 0.451 (p <0.001). We recorded 23 deaths (22.1 %) among the Covid-19 patients vs 8 deaths (5.8 %) among other patients. The severe-critical clinical stage increased the risk of mortality vs. mild-moderate stage (aHR: 26.8, p < 0.001). The values ​​of CtE and CtN2 did not influence mortality significantly. Conclusion: in symptomatic patients, serological tests are a support which makes it possible to treat a greater number of Covid-19 patients. WHO Clinical classification seems to predict mortality better than SARS-Cov2 viral load.
Pregnant women’s knowledge, perceived severity, and perceived controllability of the COVID-19 and their associations with emotional and behavioral reactions: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Khazaeian Somayyeh , Khazaeian Safoura , Fathnezhad-kazemi Azita
Published: December 2020

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has caused a tidal wave of anxiety and stress among Iranians, especially pregnant women. In order to control this unpleasant situation, it is indispensable to examine such issues as the level of Knowledge, emotions, and health behaviors. This study aimed to assess the association between knowledge, perceived severity, and perceived controllability of covid-19 with emotional and behavioral reactions in pregnant women.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 440 pregnant women who were selected via the multistage sampling method from four different cities of Sistan-Baluchestan province, Iran. Data were collected using demographic-obstetrics characteristics form, as well as the questionnaires of knowledge, perceived severity, and perceived controllability of the COVID-19, health anxiety, and self-care. Results: Based on the results, self-care was positively correlated with knowledge, perceived severity, and perceived controllability of the COVID-19. Nonetheless, health anxiety had a significant and inverse association with knowledge and perceived controllability, while there was a positive and significant correlation between perceived severity and health anxiety. Based on linear regression, three variables of knowledge, perceived severity, and perceived controllability of the COVID-19 could explain 46.3 and 17.5 % of variations in self-care and health anxiety, respectively. Finally, people with higher education and knowledge obtained higher scores on self-care and lower scores on health anxiety.Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, it is suggested that due to the critical importance of prenatal care, managers, and health officials promote the use of such methods as telehealth and home-based caregivers, especially in areas with inadequate access to health care. In so doing, the pregnant women can be followed up and receive medical care devoid of any stress and anxiety and without a physical presence in healthcare centers.
Microsatellite instability leads to poor prognosis in patients with early-stage endometrial cancer? a meta-analysis
Authors: Xiao Jingping , Wang Jisheng , Zhao Yuanyu , He Miaoquan , Du Jiang , Wang Yunzi
Published: December 2020

Background

Poor prognosis of early-stage endometrial cancer (EC) is often accompanied by microsatellite instability (MSI). We hypothesized that MSI is an independent marker for poor prognosis of early-stage EC. To demonstrate this hypothesis, we evaluated the correlation between MSI and early-stage EC prognosis by meta-analysis.
Methods

Databases such as PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Cooperative Library were searched from inception to October 2020, respectively. The disease-free survival (DFS), the overall survival (OS), and the progression-free survival (PFS) were pooled to analyze the correlation between MSI and prognosis in patients with early-stage EC. Besides, Egger's regression and Begg's test were used to detect Publication bias.
Results

There were 7 studies met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in our meta-analysis with a sample size of 1150, and the included patients with early-stage EC were all endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC). The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) in early-stage EC shows that MSI is significantly associated with lower DFS [HR = 3.90, 95%CI (2.81–6.99), p = 0.000], OS [HR = 1.48, 95%CI (1.12–1.96), p = 0.006], and PFS [HR = 2.41, 95%CI (1.05–5.52), p = 0.038]. There was no significant heterogeneity in the studies pooled analysis of DFS, OS, and PFS. There was also no statistical publication bias, the P-value of Egger`s test of OS and DFS is p = 0.535 and p = 0.639 respectively.
Conclusion

MSI is most likely an independent marker of poor prognosis in early-stage EC, and this correlation is even more significant in patients with EEC.
A phylogeny of the genus Limia (Teleostei: Poeciliidae) suggests a single-lake radiation nested in a Caribbean-wide allopatric speciation scenario
Authors: Spikes Montrai , Rodríguez-Silva Rodet , Bennett Kerri-Ann , Bräger Stefan , Josaphat James , Torres-Pineda Patricia , Ernst Anja , Havenstein Katja , Schlupp Ingo , Tiedemann Ralph
Published: December 2020

The Caribbean is one of the most important biodiversity hotspots on the planet due to the high level of species diversity and endemism in plants and animals. As elsewhere, adaptive radiations in the Caribbean lead to many speciation events within a limited period and hence are particularly prominent biodiversity generators. The general prediction from Island Biogeography that relates species richness to island size is valid for livebearing fishes in general in the Greater Antilles, where larger islands have higher numbers of species mainly due to in situ speciation. A prime example of this speciation process can be seen in the genus Limia, endemic to the Greater Antilles. Within Hispaniola, nine species have been described from a single isolated site, Lake Miragoâne, pointing towards extraordinary sympatric speciation in Limia. Few studies have examined the evolutionary history of the fishes found in Lake Miragoâne. Here, we address the gaps in present knowledge by providing a preliminary phylogeny of Limia and testing whether the species found in Lake Miragoâne may originated from an in situ radiation. We targeted the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, a well-established marker for lower-level taxonomic relationships for which we obtained almost complete sequences for 13 species. The general topology of the phylogenies we produced are in concordance with other published phylogenies of Limia. There is also strong support that the species found in Lake Miragoâne in Haiti are indeed monophyletic (BS=97; PP=1.0), confirming the hypothesis of a recent local radiation. Within Lake Miragoâne, speciation is likely extremely recent, leading to incomplete lineage sorting in the mtDNA. Future studies are needed using multiple unlinked genetic markers to disentangle the relationships within the Lake Miragoâne clade.
Use of long-lasting insecticidal nets among women attending antenatal clinic at a tertiary hospital in Bayelsa State, Nigeria 2019
Authors: Ibegu Maria Imaobong , Hamza Khadeejah Liman , Umeokonkwo Chukwuma David , Numbere Tamuno-Wari , Ndoreraho Adolphe , Dahiru Tukur
Published: December 2020

Background Malaria in pregnancy remains a major contributor to maternal and infant morbidity and mortality despite scale up in interventions. Its prevention is one of the major interventions in reducing maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. The ownership, utilization and predictors of use of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) for malaria prevention among women attending antenatal clinic (ANC) at a tertiary hospital in Bayelsa State Nigeria was assessed. Methods A cross-sectional study of 297 women recruited through systematic sampling was carried out. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, ownership, source and utilization of LLINs, were collected with a pre-tested structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. The relationship between use of LLIN and sociodemographic characteristics was examined using chi square and logistic regression at 5% level of significance. Results The mean age of respondents was 28.8 ± 2.6 years. Most (59.2%) had tertiary education and were mainly (88.2%) urban dwellers. Two hundred and fifty (84.2%) owned LLINs, and 196 (78%) used LLIN the night prior to the interview. Almost half of the respondents purchased their LLINs. Those who purchased LLINs were 3 times more likely to have used it (OR: 3.13, 95% CI: 1.62-6.04) compared to those that got it free. Those who were gainfully employed (OR: 3.16, 95% CI: 1.59-6.29) and those who earned above the minimum wage (OR: 2.88, 95% CI: 1.45-5.72) were 3 times more likely to have used LLIN in their index pregnancy. Conclusion The use of LLIN as a preventive measure against malaria was relatively high among the participants in this study, though still below national target. The major factors determining the use of LLIN among these women were purchase of LLINs and being gainfully employed. It was recommended that efforts should be made to enforce the policy of free LLINs at ANC registration at the tertiary hospitals, as this would further drive up ownership and utilization rates.
Identification and co-expression analysis of long noncoding RNAs and mRNAs involved in the deposition of intramuscular fat in Aohan fine-wool sheep
Authors: Han Fuhui , Li Jing , Zhao Ranran , Liu Lirong , Li Lanlan , Li Qian , He Jianning , Liu Nan
Published: December 2020

Background: Intramuscular fat (IMF) content has become one of the most important indicators for measuring meat quality, and levels of IMF are affected by various genes. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are widely expressed non-coding RNAs that play an important regulatory role in a variety of biological processes; however, research on the lncRNAs involved in sheep IMF deposition is still in its infancy. Aohan fine-wool sheep (AFWS), one of China's most important meat-hair, dual-purpose sheep breed, provides a great model for studying the role of lncRNAs in the regulation of IMF deposition. We identified lncRNAs by RNA sequencing in Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) samples of sheep at two ages: 2 months (Mth-2) and 12 months (Mth-12). Results: We identified a total of 26,247 genes and 6,935 novel lncRNAs in LTL samples of sheep. Among these, 199 mRNAs and 61 lncRNAs were differentially expressed. We then compared the structural characteristics of lncRNAs and mRNAs. We obtained target genes of differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) and performed enrichment analyses using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). We found that target mRNAs were enriched in metabolic processes and developmental pathways. One pathway was significantly enriched, namely tight junction. Based on the analysis of critical target genes, we obtained seven candidate lncRNAs that potentially regulated lipid deposition and constructed a lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network that included MSTRG.4051.3-FZD4, MSTRG.16157.3-ULK1, MSTRG.21053.3-PAQR3, MSTRG.19941.2-TPI1, MSTRG.12864.1-FHL1, MSTRG.2469.2-EXOC6 and MSTRG.21381.1-NCOA1. We speculated that these candidate lncRNAs might play a role by regulating the expression of target genes. We randomly selected five mRNAs and five lncRNAs to verify the accuracy of the sequencing data by qRT-PCR.Conclusions: Our study identified the differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs during intramuscular lipid deposition in Aohan fine-wool sheep. The work may widen the knowledge about the annotation of the sheep genome and provide a working basis for investigating intramuscular fat deposition in sheep.
Influenza and other respiratory viral infections associated with absence from school among schoolchildren in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA: a cohort study
Authors: Read Jonathan M. , Zimmer Shanta , Vukotich Charles , Schweizer Mary Lou , Galloway David , Lingle Carrie , Yearwood Gaby , Calderone Patti , Noble Eva , Quadelacy Talia , Grantz Kyra , Rinaldo Charles , Gao Hongjiang , Rainey Jeanette , Uzicanin Amra , Cummings Derek
Published: December 2020

Background: Information on the etiology and age-specific burden of respiratory viral infections among school-aged children remains limited. Though school aged children are often recognized as driving the transmission of influenza as well as other respiratory viruses, little detailed information is available on the distribution of respiratory infections among children of different ages within this group. Factors other than age including gender and time spent in school may also be important in determining risk of infection but have been little studied in this age group.Methods: We conducted a cohort study to determine the etiology of ILI (influenza like illness) among 2,519 K–12 students during the 2012–13 influenza season. We obtained nasal swabs from students with ILI-related absences. Generalized linear mixed-effect regressions determined associations of outcomes, including ILI and laboratory-confirmed respiratory virus infection, with school grade and other covariates.Results: Overall, 459 swabs were obtained from 552 ILI–related absences. Respiratory viruses were found in 292 (63.6%) samples. Influenza was found in 189 (41.2%) samples. with influenza B found in 134 (70.9%). Rates of influenza B were significantly higher in grades 1 (10.1%, 95% CI 6.8%–14.4%), 2 (9.7%, 6.6%–13.6%), 3 (9.3%, 6.3%–13.2%), and 4 (9.9%, 6.8%–13.8%) than in kindergarteners (3.2%, 1.5%–6.0%). After accounting for grade, sex and self-reported vaccination status, influenza B infection risk was lower among kindergarteners in half-day programs compared to kindergarteners in full-day programs (OR = 0.19; 95% CI 0.08–0.45).Conclusions: ILI and influenza infection is concentrated in younger schoolchildren. Reduced infection by respiratory viruses is associated with a truncated school day for kindergarteners but this finding requires further investigation in other grades and populations.
Pembuatan Buku Ajar Hadis Tarbawi Sebagai Usaha Peningkatan Pemahaman Hadis-Hadis Pendidikan Bagi Mahasiswa
Authors: Zaenuri Ahmad
Published: December 2020

The main problem faced by many Islamic higher education students in Tarbawi hadith courses is the lack of understanding of references in Arabic classical books (al-Turats al-Islamiyyah). Meanwhile, in the course, the knowledge of the intended knowledge is needed. In hindsight, until now there has been no textbook that specifically uses the easiest method of understanding Tarbawi Hadith. This service aims to make textbooks and student assistance in understanding the educational traditions of the classical books. The method used in this assistance is participatory action research with the use of lidwa library software or the book of nine priests. The results of this service show that there are significant changes in knowledge before and after using Tarbawi hadith textbooks.

 

Masalah utama yang banyak dihadapi mahasiswa perguruan tinggi agama Islam, pada mata kuliah hadis tarbawi yaitu kurangnya pemahaman akan referensi kitab-kitab klasik berbahasa arab (al-Turats al-Islamiyyah). Sementara itu, pada mata kuliah tersebut pengetahuan ilmu dimaksud sangat dibutuhkan. Jika dilihat kebelakang, hingga saat ini belum terdapat buku ajar yang secara khusus menggunakan metode termudah dalam memahami hadis tarbawi. Pengabdian ini bertujuan melakukan pembuatan buku ajar dan pendampingan mahasiswa dalam memahami hadis-hadis pendidikan dari kitab-kitab klasik. Metode yang digunakan dalam pendampingan ini yaitu participatory action research dengan pemanfaatan software lidwa pustaka atau kitab sembilan imam. Hasil dari pengabdian ini menunjukkan terdapat perubahan pengetahuan yang signifikan sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan buku ajar hadis tarbawi. 
Pendampingan Masyarakat Dalam Pengelolaan Kopi Robusta di Indrokilo
Authors: Wijayanti Erna , Rachmawati Jeshica Ayu , Rahmawati Titik , Sa'adah Ira Nailas
Published: December 2020

Coffee is one of the main potentials of Indrokilo Hamlet, Lerep Village, West Ungaran District.  The abundance of the coffee harvest in this region has not been matched by the community's ability to process resources optimally. This service program aimed to provide assistance and training in coffee management according to the standards so that the quality of Indrokilo Robusta Coffee can be optimized. The subjects of this study were the community of Dusun Indrokilo who were the members of the Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT), community shops, and youth groups. The companion partners in this research are the Community Empowerment Team of Djarum Scholarship Plus and the Komunitas Tangan Di Atas (TDA).  The techniques used in this mentoring are in the form of training and coffee processing practices followed by monitoring and evaluation of the end of the activity. The results of this assistance made the community more aware of the importance of Quality Control of coffee;  the importance of product marketing through E-Commerce;  construction of a special drying house for coffee, sorting practices, storage and drying of coffee beans;  assistance and training procedures for processing and packaging of coffee products according to standards.

 

Kopi merupakan salah satu potensi utama Dusun Indrokilo, Desa Lerep, Kecamatan Ungaran Barat. Melimpahnya hasil panen kopi di wilayah ini belum diimbangi dengan kemampuan masyarakat untuk mengolah sumber daya dengan optimal. Program pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pendampingan dan pelatihan pengelolaan kopi sesuai standar agar kualitas dan harga jual Kopi Robusta Indrokilo dapat dioptimalkan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah masyarakat Dusun Indrokilo yang tergabung dalam Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT), tokoh masyarakat, dan kelompok pemuda. Mitra pendamping dalam penelitian ini yaitu Tim Community Empowerment Djarum Beasiswa Plus dan Komunitas Tangan Di Atas (TDA). Teknik yang digunakan dalam pendampingan ini berbentuk pelatihan dan praktek pengolahan kopi yang dilanjutkan dengan monitoring dan evaluasi akhir kegiatan. Hasil dari pendampingan ini membuat masyarakat semakin sadar akan pentingnya Quality Control kopi; pentingnya pemasaran produk melalui E-Commerce; serta pembangunan rumah jemur khusus kopi dan praktek sortasi, penyimpanan dan penjemuran biji kopi; tata cara pengolahan dan pengemasan produk kopi sesuai standar.
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Kulit Buah Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) Menghambat Flexi Cranial Embrio Ayam Umur 48 Jam
Authors:   Midwifery Program, Universitas Brawijaya, Anggraeni Yessy Mulyanur , Rahardjo Bambang ,   RSSA Malang, Rahayu Indriati Dwi ,   Program Studi Kedokteran Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya
Published: December 2020

Embryonic development forms three layers of germinativum that is endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm. At the beginning of intrauterine fetus exchange of substances through diffusion, but in line with the development of the embryo, nutrition is not obtained through diffusion alone. Endoderm lining mesoderm cells will then be formed angioblasts as an early sign of vascularity. In the development of flexi cranial can be known from the development of the brain and heart which is characterized by bending the head of the embryo and decreased heart from the cranial down. The development of a normal vascular system will have an effect on organogenesis and morphogesis processes. If there are disturbances in the process of growth and development at that stage can cause congenital abnormalities. Xanthones mangosteen peel is rich in benefits, but in research on the effects of xanthones on embryos is still very limited and has not been able to explain their effects on the condition of the fetus. The study was conducted with the aim to determine the effect of mangosteen peel extract inhibiting the flexi cranial of 48 hours chicken embryos using doses of 100 µg/mL, 150 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL. Mangosteen peel extract is injected into chicken eggs less than 7 days after oviposition then incubated for 48 hours. The results showed that mangosteen peel extract inhibited flexi cranial of chicken embryos with Chi-Square test results (p = 0.002). The conclusion of the study was that exposure to mangosteen peel extract inhibited flexi cranial and gave significant results.
Accountability Dysfunction  in Campaign Finance Regulations: A Case Study of the 2018 Jambi Simultaneous General Elections
Authors: Kabullah Muhammad Ichsan , Amsari Feri , Arifin Wein , Misra Fauzan
Published: December 2020

The regulations of campaign finance have highly problematic for local electios (Pilkada) in Indonesia. However, the campaign finance system changed gradually over the following years, many alleged campaign violations committed by candidates during local elections. In this study, the researcher wants to assess campaign finance regulations based on the accountability concept. The measurement of accountability in the campaign finance regulations has been divided into two perspectives, which are legal and finance. The study used a qualitative method with a case study approach in Jambi's three regions, which held local elections (Pilkada) in 2018. This study argues that the current regulations have not solved the whole problem of campaign funds. The level of corruption by candidates remains stubbornly high due to less authority and weak sanctions. At the same time, most campaign finance regulations have never been enforced. As a result, revising Acts on the election, enhancing law enforcement, and raising public awareness need to promote for ensuring the quality of local democracy.