bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transpiration drives diurnal and seasonal streamflow in secondary tropical montane forests of Eastern Himalaya
Authors: Kumar Manish , Bhutia Yangchenla , Joseph Gladwin , Krishnaswamy Jagdish
Published: December 2022

Vegetation studies establishing direct mechanistic linkages between
stand transpiration and streamflow are rare from sub-tropical and
tropical montane forests (TMFs) like Himalaya. We quantified the impact
of diurnal and seasonal transpiration on lean season streamflow in a
broad-leaved evergreen secondary TMF in Eastern Himalaya. Whole-tree and
stand transpiration were measured using Granier’s thermal dissipiation
sap flow probes at one of the wettest (4500 mm yr-1) and highest
elevation (2100 m) sites in the world to date. The observed daily and
annual transpiration rates were double of the reported values from TMFs
in relatively drier Central Himalaya, but at the lower bound of TMFs
globally. Solar radiation was the key driver of transpiration in
energy-limited winter under hydrated conditions. Vapour pressure deficit
(D) controlled transpiration in energy-abundant summer. We also found
that moderate precipitation events (10-30 mm) followed by clear skies
can induce significant increase (93±110 %) in stand transpiration. In
turn, transpiration was the main driver of lean season streamflow in dry
winter and to a lesser extent in wet summer. Thus, in winter, the
transpiration-driven abstraction induced corresponding diurnal cycles in
soil moisture and streamflow with an average lag of 1.3±1.8 hours and
2.9±2.5 hours, respectively, and strong negative correlations
(-0.8±0.1). Thus, changes in vegetation cover and precipitation patterns
are likely to impact local and regional moisture recycling by vegetation
and lean season flow, thereby affecting regional water security in the
Eastern Himalaya.
An immunoinformatics based study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Region of Difference-2 uncharacterized protein (Rv1987) as a potential subunit vaccine candidate for preliminary ex-vivo analysis
Authors: Mahapatra Rajani Kanta , Arega Aregitu Mekuriaw , Dhal Ajit , Nayak Sasmita
Published: December 2022

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the pathogen that causes
tuberculosis and develops resistance to many of the existing drugs. The
sole licensed TB vaccine, BCG, is unable to provide a comprehensive
defence. So, it is crucial to maintain the immunological response to
eliminate tuberculosis. Our previous insilico study
reported five uncharacterized proteins as potential vaccine antigens. In
this article, we considered the uncharacterized Mtb H37Rv regions
of difference (RD-2) Rv1987 protein as a promising vaccine
candidate. The vaccine quality of the protein was analyzed using reverse
vaccinology and immunoinformatics-based quality checking parameters
followed by an ex-vivo preliminary investigation. Insilico analysis of Rv1987 protein predicted it as surface
localized, secretory, single helix, antigenic, non-allergenic, and
non-homologous to the host protein. Immunoinformatics analysis of Rv1987
by CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells via MHC-I and MHC-II binding affinity and
presence of B-cell epitope predicted its immunogenicity. The docked
complex analysis of the 3D model structure of the protein with immune
cell receptor TLR-4 revealed the protein’s capability for potential
interaction. Furthermore, the target protein encoded gene Rv1987 was
cloned, over-expressed, purified, and analysed by mass-spectrometry (MS)
to report the target peptides. The qRT-PCR gene expression analysis
shows that it is capable of activating macrophages and significantly
increasing the production of a number of key cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β,
and IL-10). Our in silico analysis and ex-vivo preliminary
investigations revealed the immunogenic potential of the target protein.
These findings suggest that the Rv1987 be undertaken as a potent subunit
vaccine antigen and that further animal model immuno-modulation studies
would boost the novel TB vaccine discovery and/or BCG vaccine supplement
pipeline.
Acquired lobar emphysema: A complication of severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia needing lobectomy
Authors: Wynter Zanna , Pham Quyen , Mundy Cynthia , Walters Christian , Patel Pinkal
Published: December 2022

Preterm infants are at risk for developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia
(BPD) and chronic lung disease (CLD). Pulmonary malformations are
typically congenital or occur in the elderly adult populations. This
case is of a 6-month-old infant who was born at 23 weeks gestation. At 3
months of life, the infant developed a clinically significant right
sided lobar emphysema. This infant had no know congenital pulmonary
malformations. Right upper lobectomy was performed. There are multiple
reported cases of neonates requiring a lobectomy for congenital
pulmonary malformations. This case demonstrates improved clinical
outcome for an extremely preterm infant after surgical resection of an
acquired lobar emphysema (ALE).
Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath of distal phalanx of thumb.
Authors: Chaurasia Puja
Published: December 2022

Giant cell tumor tendon sheath is a rare, benign, locally aggressive
soft tissue tumor of the hand region. This study aims to describe the
diagnosis and management of a giant cell tumor tendon sheath of distal
phalanx of thumb.
Features of cortical morphology in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Chen Fuxiang , Yu Ting , Kang Yaqing , Lin Yuanxiang , Dai Linsun , Yu Lianghong , Wang Dengliang
Published: December 2022

Background and purpose: Structural brain damage was discovered in
patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However,
changes of cortical gray matter characteristics remain unknown. The aim
of this study was to test the hypothesis that cortical morphometry
features were disrupted after aneurysmal SAH. Methods: Structural MRI
were acquired from 115 aneurysm patients and 32 healthy controls. The
FreeSurfer pipeline was used to cortical construction for all subjects.
Further, patients were separately divided into subgroups based on
presence of SAH, clipping or coiling, and length of follow-up after
treatment. Differences in cortical thickness, surface area and volume
between groups were compared after controlling for covariates.
Subsequently, correlation analyses were performed between abnormal
cortical features and clinical data. Results: The vertex-wise analyses
revealed that aneurysm patients present smaller cortical volume in the
right superiorfrontal gyrus than healthy controls, but there was no
significant difference for cortical thickness or surface area. As
expected, both microsurgical clipping and postoperative follow-up time
had no significant effect on cortical morphological measures following
subgroups analyses. We only found patients who with ruptured aneurysm
had decreased surface area in the left superiorparietal gyrus, left
precuneus, and right superiorfrontal gyrus in comparison to the
unruptured group. However, positive finding of decreased regional gray
matter volume and surface area were disappeared after adding the total
intracranial volume as additional covariate. Conclusion: These findings
enhance our understanding for the mechanism of brain damage following
aneurysmal SAH, and additional support the advantages of brain
protection of keyhole surgery for aneurysm treatment.
Calculation of reference intervals for complete blood count in elderly population using patient data
Authors: Wickramaratne Kurukula Arachchi Chandana , Wijewickrama Devika Champa
Published: December 2022

Conventional method of calculation of reference interval (RI) for
complete blood count (CBC) parameters for elderly population is
challenging as finding healthy elderly volunteers is difficult. This
study was carried out to assess the possibility of use of stored patient
data of CBC reports of elderly patients in calculation of RI for CBC
parameters. A retrospective, cross sectional study was carried out in a
hospital laboratory using stored data of patients >65 years
of age (n=3094). Relevant clinical criteria and statistical tools were
used to refine data to obtain representative samples for each CBC
parameter. RI were calculated using standard statistical tools.
Calculated RI were compared with RI provided by the manufacturer (RI for
>18years old) and with RI defined in five other countries.
All data sets showed normal distribution thus, parametric approach was
adopted to calculate RI. The RI of all CBC parameters were similar to
those of other countries. The RI obtained in this study for red cell
indices, platelet count and white blood cells are similar to the RI
provided by the manufacturer for adults. The RI obtained for RBC, Hb,
PCV were clinically significantly lower compared to the RI provided by
the manufacturer for adults. When appropriate selection criteria and
relevant statistical tools are applied, patient data can be effectively
used to calculate RI for CBC parameters in elderly.
Identification of Aggressive driving behavior of Online Car-hailing Drivers Based on Associations Classification
Authors: Wu Ying , Chen Shuyan , Ma Yongfeng , Zhang Fangwei
Published: December 2022

With the rapid development of online car-hailing, car-hailing-related
crashes have become a key issue with public concern. Identifying and
predicting aggressive driving behaviors is critical to reducing traffic
crashes. In this paper, we propose a method to recognize aggressive
driving behavior based on association classification that integrates
multisource features such as driver emotion, vehicle kinematic
characteristics, and road environment. The model performs best in
10-fold cross-test when the minimum support and minimum confidence are
set as 0.01 and 0.8, respectively. Besides, we also compare the
performance of aggressive driving behavior recognition classifiers
constructed using association classification with other rule-based
classification methods, including ID3, C4.5, CART, and Random Forest.
The results show that association classification performs better than
other classification methods. Thirty-six if-then rules generated by the
association classification are used to analyze the influencing factors
and mechanisms of aggressive driving behavior. The study found that
aggressive driving behavior is highly correlated with driver anger and
disgust emotion. Aggressive driving behavior is more likely to occur
when there are no passengers in the car than in the trip with passenger
stage. Driver entertainment behavior and passenger interference also
affect driving behavior. Drivers are prone to aggressive driving when
making a U-turn. This research not only proposed a new identification
method for aggressive driving behavior but also provided a comprehensive
understanding of influencing factors of aggressive driving behavior and
ideas for in-depth research and development of safety assistance driving
devices.
Effect of Grain Shape and Relative Humidity on the Nonlinear Elastic Properties of Granular Media
Authors: Gao Linying , Shokouhi Parisa , Rivière Jacques
Published: December 2022

This study focuses on unraveling the microphysical origins of the
nonlinear elastic effects, which are pervasive in the Earth’s crust.
Here, we examine the influence of grain shape and relative humidity (RH)
on the elastic nonlinearity of granular assemblies made of spherical
glass beads and angular sand particles. We find that their elastic
nonlinearity is of the same order of magnitude. However, while the
elastic nonlinearity of glass beads increases with RH, that of sand
particles is rather RH independent. We attribute this difference to the
angularity of sand particles; absorbed water on the spherical grains
weakens the junctions making them more nonlinear, while no such effect
occurs in sand due to grain interlocking. Additionally, for one of the
nonlinear parameters that likely arises from shearing/partial slip of
the grain junctions, we observe a sharp amplitude threshold in sand
which is not observed in glass beads.
The Possible Impacts of Financial Nudging in the Food Infant Industries: Beyond Meat Case Study
Authors: Olech Igor , Wielechowski Michał
Published: December 2022

The second decade of the XXI century has experienced the development of meat substitutes. The origin of this niche is said to emerge from environmental concerns. One of the market leaders in this infant industry is Beyond Meat company. The study aims to identify the impact of the capital markets and media coverage for an infant industry, such as meat alternatives, on the example of Beyond Meat. A sizeable portion of the investment in this new branch of the food sector came from the capital markets, which expect a return on their investment. The Beyond Meat case suggests that these substantial investments did not bring expected returns, which several factors, such as the post-COVID bear market and lack of demand for meat substitute products, could have caused. Thus, despite awareness campaigns, so far, the company has experienced losses. The development of this market niche acted contrary to what was expected. The market failings correlate with the loss of interest of the retail investors, which was attempted to be measured by this research. As a proxy for the retail investor interest, Google Trends Index was used and compared to the stock prices (a method often described as a Buzz Indicator).
Some results on linear operators: Norm equivalence and closed range
Authors: Hosseini Seyed , Cheshmavar Jahangir , Chaparro Héctor , Sarbaz Sanar
Published: December 2022

In this paper we develop some properties about bounded linear operators. We
investigate relationships between bounded below and norm equivalent
operators. Finally, we study conditions under which those operators become
Fredholmn, Weyl and Browder type operators, respectively.
Demicompactness, selection of linear relation and application to multivalued matrix
Authors: Ammar Aymen , Jeribi Aref , Saadaoui Bilel
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we investigate the concept of demicompactness and we establish some new results in Fredholm theory connected with the existence of selections of a given linear relation and we explore the possibility of finding a selection demicompact for some linear relation demicompact. Moreover, we give the relationship of the resolvent set between the linear relation with its selection. Furthermore, we give an application to matrix linear relation.
Iterative algorithms for determining optimal solution set of interval linear fractional programming problem
Authors: Salary Pour , Allahdadi Mehdi , Nehi Hasan
Published: December 2022

Determining the optimal solution (OS) set of interval linear fractional
programming (ILFP) models is generally an NP-hard problem. Few methods have
been proposed in this field which have only been able to obtain the optimal
value of the objective function. Thus, there is a need for an appropriate
method to determine the OS set of the ILFP model. In this paper, we
introduce three algorithms to obtain the OS of ILFP. In the first and second
algorithms, using the definition of strong and weak feasible solutions, the
objective function of ILFP has been transformed to a linear objective
function on the largest feasible region (LFR) and we obtain the OS of ILFP.
These two algorithms, only introduce one point as the feasible OS. Since
ILFP is an interval model, we seek an algorithm, where for the first time a
solution set is obtained as the OS set by solving two sub-models. Hence, we
transform the ILFP model into two pessimistic and optimistic sub-models, as
one is in the smallest feasible region (SFR) and the other on the LFR. We
add constraints to the optimistic model to ensure that the OS set is
feasible. Then, we introduce pessimistic and modified optimistic model
(PMOM) algorithm. In this algorithm, each PMOM is solved separately. The OSs
obtained from these two models give the OS set so that this OS set is
feasible. Note that the union of feasible OSs obtained from the proposed
algorithms will be a more complete feasible OS set.
Zero-dimensionality and Hausdorffness in quantale-valued preordered spaces
Authors: Özkan Samed , Qasim Muhammad
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we study the category of quantale-valued preordered spaces. We
show that it is a normalized topological category and give characterization
of zero-dimensionality and D-connectedness in the category of
quantale-valued preordered spaces. Moreover, we characterize explicitly each
of T0, T0, T1, pre-T2, T2 and NT2 quantale-valued preordered spaces.
Finally, we examine how these characterization are related to each other and
show that the full subcategory Ti(pre-T2(L-Prord)) (i=0,1,2) of
pre-T2(L-Prord), and the full subcategory Ti (L-Prord) (i=1,2) of L-Prord
are isomorphic.
Z◦−ideals in MV−algebras of continuous functions
Authors: Bedrood Mahta , Sajadian Farhad , Saeid Arsham
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we study MV?algebra of continuous functions C(X) and maximal
ideals of C(X). Furthermore, Z?ideal and Z??ideal of C(X) are introduced and
proved that every Z??ideal in C(X) is a Z?ideal but the converse is not true
and every finitely generated Z?ideal is a basic Z??ideal. Also, we
investigate meet and join of two Z?ideals (Z??ideal) of C(X). Complemented
elements of C(X) are examined and their properties have been studied. In
particular, the relationship between generated ideal by them and Z?ideals
(Z??ideals) is proved. Finally, we investigate some property of Z??ideals in
basically disconnected space and extremally disconnected space.
Museum-Ed Listserv: An Online Community of Practice
Authors: Buffington Melanie L.
Published: December 2022

Online communities live and thrive through the Internet. This article explores an online community devoted to museum education, Museum-Ed. After reviewing the history of online communities and the theory of communities of practice, the article presents a qualitative content analysis of one month of posts to this museum education community. Four themes emerged during the content analysis that relate to how this community functions. These themes include List Functionality, Professional Information, Human Relations, and Educational Resources. Because of the interactions that take place through this community, it is argued that Museum-Ed is an online community of practice. Through studying online communities, we may learn more ways to develop effective opportunities for developing communities of practice among educators.
Care, Sociocultural Practice, and Aesthetic Experience in the Art Classroom
Authors: Heid Karen
Published: December 2022

Scholars and practitioners continually search for the optimal paths to effective learning. This paper presents the results of a case study that suggests that care supports learning in sociocultural settings and subsequently encourages aesthetic experiences of children in the art classroom. Care theory (Noddings, 1995) informs this investigation by suggesting that care is the bridge between learning independently and learning in a group and thus is essential for effective instruction and learning in the art classroom. when framed within a context of care, sociocultural learning theory (Lave, 1988; Vygotsky, 1934/1978; Wertsch, 1985) supports the notion that learning among different ages and ability groups creates a context for qualitatively different experiences than offered in single-ability and single-age groups. Aesthetic experience (Dewey, 1934; Eisner; 2002), as an outgrowth of social interaction supported with care, is a significant cognitive function that supports learning in the art classroom. The results of the case study reveal the social nature of the students’ world and emphasizes the role that art teachers can play in supporting student creativity and achievement within a social setting.
Interactive Touring in Art Museums: Constructing Meanings and Creating Communities of Understanding
Authors: Barrett Terry
Published: December 2022

This article quotes adult visitors to museums who have constructed their own interpretations of works of art when encouraged to do so by an art educator who facilitates group discussions rather than imparts historical information and interpretations formulated by scholars. The article provides examples of individuals making personal meanings of works of art. When visitors share their individual understandings of artworks with their touring group, they see artworks in unique ways, learn that their own way of seeing a work is not the only way, come to know the diversity of human reactions to the work of art and to life, and thereby aid the building of communities of understanding.
Establishing Collaborative Dialogue: The Mentor and the Apprentice
Authors: Kantawala Ami , Hochtritt Lisa , Rolling James Haywood , Serig Dan , Staikidis Kryssi
Published: December 2022

This essay shares observations and insights about principles of mentoring in the form of five individual recollections about our experiences with our mentor and dissertation advisor, Graeme Sullivan. Dialogue 1 focuses on the historical and cultural antecedents of the mentor-mentee relationship, whereas dialogue 2 highlights the rich potential of teaching and learning, and that the potential to see things from new perspectives is ever present. Dialogue 3 describes the mentor-mentee relationship that deepened with the idea of intellectual rigor and play, risk and experiment, the practice of art making and the happenstance of serendipity within the context of the research act. Dialogue 4 offers examples of reflexivity in two forms, methodological and interpretive, and argues that it becomes the meta—modus operandi of the relationship among doctoral student/artist, dissertation advisor, and dissertation art practice/research. The concluding dialogue focuses on the language of possibility in mentoring, which shapes the research process and transforms both mentee and mentor. These reflections can also be seen within the spirit of an open dialogue and collaborations between us as our mentor continues to reach us, allowing us to seed the fields we have settled in and as we generate our own reincarnations.
Attending to Place, Race, and Community: Trans-Local Partnering Between Scholars and Activists in Central Appalachia and the Black Belt South
Authors: Harris Rosalind , Bernard Marcus , Mullinax Maureen , Worthen Dreamal , Finch Sokoya , Womack Veronica
Published: December 2022

The communities in the Black Belt South and Central Appalachian regions in the United States share long histories of persistent subjugation. Both regions also have strong traditions of partnerships between grassroots activists and scholars—partnerships that have, at times, lent resilient responses to political, economic and cultural challenges, and at other times, been less hospitable to inclusivity, particularly of the voices from community members. This article discusses the background of an attempt by scholars and activists from these regions to forge trans-local partnerships between the Appalachian Studies Association and the Black Belt Action Network (BBAN). The goal of these emerging conversations is to share resources between these organizations, both lessons learned in the form of the development and practice of place-based regional curricula such as those instituted and refined by Appalachian Studies Programs, and to engage in a process of reciprocal, storied learning as both regional organizations work to mobilize, theorize, and strategize authentic community-university partnerships in rich and dynamic places.
History’s Mysteries Demystified: Becoming a Psychologist–Historian
Authors: Vaughn-Blount Kelli , Rutherford Alexandra , Baker David , Johnson Deborah
Published: December 2022

More than 40 years ago, psychologist–historian Robert Watson argued that the study of history was of particular salience to psychology. In this article we explore the relationship between psychology and history and argue that the psychologist–historian plays a vital role in the discipline of psychology. We provide a brief overview of the emergence of the history of psychology as a professional subdiscipline, describe who psychologist–historians are, explain why they are needed, and detail how to join their ranks. We argue that increasing historical sophistication among psychologists will have beneficial effects on research and teaching, and we invite all psychologists to participate in the making of psychology’s history.
THE HUNTER LABORATORY OF PSYCHOLOGY AFTER 50 YEARS
Authors: Kling J. W. , Blough Donald S. , Church Russell M.
Published: December 2022

After a half century of use by the Brown University Psychology Department, the Walter S. Hunter Laboratory of Psychology has been scheduled for renovation for another use, and a new building for the department is on the drawing board. Hunter Lab was specifically designed to house an experimental psychology department. Here we comment on the changes and adaptations necessary over the years as teaching and laboratory technology changed and as the department and the university grew larger, and we suggest considerations to others who are planning new or renovated buildings with similar purposes.
Individual strategies in artificial grammar learning
Authors: VISSER INGMAR , RAIJMAKERS MAARTJE E. J. , POTHOS EMMANUEL M.
Published: December 2022

Artificial grammar learning (AGL) has been used extensively to study theories of learning, but compelling conclusions cannot be drawn without an analysis of individual strategies. We describe a new statistical method for doing so, based on the increasingly popular framework of latent variable models, which is especially suited to capture heterogeneity in participants’ responses. We applied the method of latent class regression models, in which the intercept and regression coefficients can have different values in different latent groups of participants; each latent group represents different reliance on the potentially available sources of knowledge in AGL, such as grammaticality and fragment overlap. The results indicate that grammaticality and fragment overlap can be understood as distinct aspects of learning performance, as evidenced by different groups of participants adopting predominantly one or the other strategy in a series of comparable datasets from AGL studies.
Goal-directed aiming and the relative contribution of two online control processes
Authors: GRIERSON LAWRENCE E. M. , ELLIOTT DIGBY
Published: December 2022

Kinematic investigations of rapid goal-directed aiming suggest that the online control of movement occurs via 2 processes. One process involves a comparison of visual information about the relative locations of the hand and target late in the trajectory. A second process has been proposed in which a movement’s initial impulse is subject to online control. To investigate the relative influence of these 2 types of online control, kinematic analysis of participants’ rapid goal-directed movements was conducted. Upon movement initiation, the environment was manipulated such that participants were exposed to a factorial combination of perturbations designed to have unique impacts on either late trajectory or initial impulse control. The Müller–Lyer illusion creates a bias in the perceived location of the target relative to the hand and affects late adjustments to the movement trajectory. Displacing the background over which movements are performed, either in or opposite to the direction of the movement, creates a mismatch between perceived and expected limb velocity, affecting early online control. Results of the Müller–Lyer-only and moving-background–only conditions replicated the previous evidence of late trajectory and early control adjustments, respectively. More interestingly, end movement accuracy measures yielded noninteractive main effects of the 2 perturbations, suggesting that the 2 forms of control operate independently.
The limits of arousal’s memory-impairing effects on nearby information
Authors: MATHER MARA , GORLICK MARISSA A. , NESMITH KATHRYN
Published: December 2022

Showing an arousing central stimulus in a scene often leads to enhanced memory for the arousing central information and impaired memory for peripheral details. However, it is not clear from previous work whether arousing stimuli impair memory for all nonarousing nearby information or just background information. In several experiments, we tested how emotionally arousing pictures affect memory for nearby pictures and for background information. We found that when 2 pictures were presented together, an arousing picture did not affect item and location memory for the other picture. In contrast, an arousing picture impaired memory for a background pattern. These findings suggest that arousal impairs memory for information that is the target of perceptual suppression, such as background information when there is a figure–ground distinction, but does not impair memory for other foreground information.
Real-life decision making: Parents choosing a first-grade placement
Authors: GALOTTI KATHLEEN M. , TINKELENBERG CAREY E.
Published: December 2022

We report a short-term longitudinal investigation of how parents of kindergartners select an educational option for their child. Our focus was on the educational options parents actively considered and the criteria they used to evaluate these options. Parents actively considered about 3 of the available 8 or more educational options and reported considering an average of 5 criteria to evaluate these options. Over a 6-month period, parents changed about one third of the options on their short list and half the criteria they reported using. Parents’ holistic appraisals of options were moderately calibrated with predictions of linear models. Although parents’ self-reports suggested that they used a variety of decision-making styles, analyses indicated few performance differences as a function of their self-reported style.
APPLIED ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY AT AN AMERICAN ROADSIDE ATTRACTION: ANIMAL BEHAVIOR ENTERPRISES AND THE IQ ZOO OF HOT SPRINGS, ARKANSAS
Authors: Drumm Patrick
Published: December 2022

Keller and Marian Breland worked with B. F. Skinner on top-secret behavioral technology during World War II. They later applied that behavioral technology in postwar business ventures that included a roadside attraction called the IQ Zoo. It attracted motorists from across the United States and, like other roadside attractions of the period, was depicted in postcards available for purchase. While conducting research associated with the business, the Brelands discovered the phenomenon of instinctive drift, which significantly advanced subsequent theoretical accounts of the biological factors that influence learning.
Bringing the East to the West: A Case Study in Teaching Chinese Choral Music to a Youth Choir in the United States
Authors: Gackle Lynne , Fung C. Victor
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this case study ws to document and evaluate the process which 35 singers (ages 14 to 18 years) in a youth choir in the United States learned Chinese choral pieces during a fourmonth period. The researchers identified challenges and strategies used, and aided by 43 choral directors in China, evaluated the choir’s performance of these Chinese songs. Observations, interviews, and performance evaluations were the main methodologies used. Sources of data included choir members’, choir directors’, and researchers’ accounts of rehearsals and performances. The data revealed eight major themes. These themes concern the importance of parts to whole, the importance of visual and aural demonstration/feedback, aesthetic enjoyment and application of the challenge, high-achieving student profiles, understanding of lyrics and their cultural context, utilization of community culture bearers, extension to native experts, and cultural submersion providing musical and life insights. We conclude that strategies used were effective and resulted in student gains in four areas: musical, pedagogical, cultural, and attitudinal and personal.
Music Teachers’ Perceptions of Effective Teaching
Authors: Button Stuart
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of the effective teacher, associated to the teaching and learning of music at Key Stage 3.1 The quantitative data was obtained through the administration of a questionnaire to 26 music teachers, immediately following their first term of teaching. The questionnaire consisted of 48 statements related to the effective teaching of music. Results demonstrate that there is an imperative for music teachers, when teaching general class music, to deploy a variety of teaching strategies and to bridge the gap between pedagogical expertise, subject knowledge, and how pupils learn if they are to become expert practitioners and maximize their potential as change agents.
Influences of Emotion on Context Memory while Viewing Film Clips
Authors: Anderson Lisa , Shimamura Arthur P.
Published: December 2022

Participants listened to words while viewing film clips (audio off). Film clips were classified as neutral, positively valenced, negatively valenced, and arousing. Memory was assessed in three ways: recall of film content, recall of words, and context recognition. In the context recognition test, participants were presented a word and determined which film clip was showing when the word was originally presented. In two experiments, context memory performance was disrupted when words were presented during negatively valenced film clips, whereas it was enhanced when words were presented during arousing film clips. Free recall of words presented during the negatively valenced films was also disrupted. These findings suggest multiple influences of emotion on memory performance.
Effects of an Interdisciplinary Method for Training Conductors
Authors: Running Donald J.
Published: December 2022

This study investigated effects of a method designed to enhance novice conductors’ musical expressiveness, specificity, and comfort through incorporation of acting exercises. Participants (N = 33) were divided into an experimental group receiving instruction in physical acting exercises and a control group receiving traditional conducting instruction. Pretest/posttest questionnaires and pretest/posttest video excerpts assessed by a panel of experts were employed to assess changes in participants’ abilities and attitudes. Results indicate that both the experimental method and traditional method have positive effects on the ability of the conductors to utilize and perform expressive conducting gestures (p < .01). No significant interactions were found between the control and experimental groups; both experimental and traditional methods seemed to allow for student growth equally.
Learning in a Celtic Community: An Exploration of Informal Music Learning and Adult Amateur Musicians
Authors: Waldron Janice , Veblen Kari
Published: December 2022

This on-going ethnographic study focuses on adult music learning by examining motivations and successful learning strategies favored by 6 players in one weekly Celtic pub session. There were 2 women and 4 men, the average age of participants was 45, and each had been learning Celtic Traditional Music (CTM) between six and 16years. Three had learned to play an instrument at school but had discontinued playing their school instruments after graduation. Participants were attracted to CTM and traditional instruments for various reasons, and learned through the medium ofitunesj rather than scales and exercises. Because CTM is an aural/oral culture, participants valued learning "by ear," but did regard written notation as a useful aid, particularly as a mnemonic strategy. We conducted session documentation through photo, video, cyberspace information and audio recording balanced against in-depth interviews. Research questions included: What were the various attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions of session participants regarding learning traditional Irish/Celtic music? What are the characteristics of learning that occurred in this informal setting? What are the implications for lifelong music learning and formal music education? Information about this kind of informal learning practice has implications for formal school instrumental learning.
The Effect of Excerpt Duration and Music Education Emphasis on Ratings of High Quality Children’s Choral Performances
Authors: Napoles Jessica
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of excerpt length on music education majors’ ratings of children’s choral performances. A secondary purpose was to determine whether there were any differences in ratings between choral and instrumental music education majors. Participants (28 choral music education majors and 44 instrumental music education majors from a large western university) listened to 10 excerpts of high-quality children’s choral performances and rated them on pitch accuracy rhythmic accuracy, tone quality expressiveness, and overall impression, using a 7-point Likert-type scale. Participants were assigned to one of two groups. The only difference between the groups was that, if Group 1 listened to an excerpt that was 20 seconds long Group 2 listened to that same excerpt for 60 seconds, and vice versa. Results of a three-way ANOVA with repeated measures indicate there were significant interactions between major and excerpt length (F (1, 64) = 6.06, p = .01, partial η² = .08) and between piece and excerpt length (F (9, 576) = 2.39, p = .01, partial η² -.03). Participants rated excerpts that were 60 seconds long slightly higher than excerpts that were 20 seconds long There were no significant differences between the ratings of instrumental and choral music education majors, although instrumental majors tended to rate excerpts higher than choral majors.
Factors Influencing Listeners’ Perception of Expressiveness for a Conducted Performance
Authors: Peddell Lewes T.
Published: December 2022

This study investigated (a) how participants’ (N = 116) real-time ratings of perceived expressiveness were influenced by observing conducted musical stimuli from five observational perspectives characterized by various combinations of visual audio and audiovisual presentation; (b) factors that may have influenced participants’ expressiveness ratings, including level of college music education, researcher-declared conductor behaviors, and participant-declared factors; and (c) assessment of the validity and reliability of the Personal Digital Assistant with Continuous Response Digital Interface software (PDA-CRDI) used in this study Participants’ mean perception of expressiveness rating for audio-only stimuli was significantly higher than those for both visual-only stimuli, as well as for the audiovisual stimuli presented from the audience perspective. Graduate level music majors commented with greater frequency than expected on conductor behavior and less than expected on musical stimuli. The factors Musical Experience with the Stimuli and Conductor Behavior were rated significantly more influential than Performer Behaviors. The PDA-CRDI was found to be a markedly reliable and moderately valid method for measuring continual response data.
Novice and Skilled Music Teachers’ Nonverbal Behaviors and Their Relationship to Perceived Effectiveness and Rapport
Authors: Johnson Christopher , Darrow Alice-Ann , Eason Becky J. A.
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the present study was to determine if a relationship exists between skilled and novice music teachers’ nonverbal behaviors and their perceived effectiveness and rapport. Participants (N = 108) viewed videotapes of four different choral teachers. Two teachers were proficient and experienced, and two were novice. Participants viewed these teachers in the following counterbalanced settings: (a) an accomplished teacher conducting a fine choral ensemble, (b) a novice teacher conducting a poor choral ensemble, (c) an accomplished teacher conducting a poor choral ensemble, and (d) a novice teacher conducting a fine choral ensemble. In order to determine the effectiveness of the teachers’ nonverbal behaviors, participants observed the teachers under one of four conditions: audio/video, audio-alone, video-alone, and transcript-only of the teaching episodes. Participants wrote observational comments and gave each teacher a numeric rating for rapport and effectiveness. Results of data analysis indicated that the evaluations of rapport and effectiveness were highly related (r = .85). Except for teacher #1 in the transcript-only condition, expert teachers were rated higher than novice teachers. The positive/negative comment ratio was generally reflective of the evaluative score. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses indicate that teachers’ ratings and comments were influenced by the evaluators’ ability to observe the teachers’ nonverbal behaviors under the various conditions, and that the greatest percentage of expert teachers’ comments were related to nonverbal behaviors. In all but the transcript-only condition for one teacher, effective teaching (as determined by previous research using the same stimuli) was evaluated as such.
Eyes Wide Open: High School Student Reflections on Music Teaching Experiences within a Pre-collegiate Recruitment Program
Authors: Miksza Peter , Austin James R.
Published: December 2022

This is a preliminary investigation of a pre-collegiate, music teacher recruitment initiative. Interviews were conducted at three points in time with 11 high school students serving as sectional coaches in a 12-week, middle school band outreach program. A video-assisted, stimulated recall protocol was used to elicit the participants’ (a) awareness of their teaching, (b) thoughts about student improvement, (c) thoughts about potential improvements to their teaching, and (d) sense of teacher identity. Data consisted of over 1000 coded statements drawn from over 400 minutes of interviews. Responses indicated a predominance of concern about the following: evaluation of teaching, communication ability, establishing a sense of comfort, implementation of teaching strategies, student learning, student motivation, and adapting to students in the moment. Analyses of trends over time indicated progressively less concern with communication ability and comfort, and more focus on individualizing instruction and adapting to students in the moment. Participants ideas for improvements in their teaching revealed shifts from self-focus at interview 1 (e.g., mannerisms, organization) to a focus on the act of teaching at interviews 2 and 3 (e.g., efficiency, pacing). Participants’ sense of teacher identity increased significantly over time (p < .001) and 73% of those eligible (i.e., 6 of 8 seniors, 2 of 3 juniors) went on to pursue music education in college. Approaches for modifying the recruitment initiative are discussed.
Relationships among Parental Influences, Selected Demographic Factors, Adolescent Self-Concept as a Future Music Educator, and the Decision to Major in Music Education
Authors: McClellan Edward R.
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine relationships among parental influences, selected demographic factors, academic achievement, adolescent self-concept as a future music educator, and the decision to major in music education. Subjects (N = 148) were volunteer undergraduate music education students enrolled in North Carolina and Idaho. Each subject completed the PISCAMES survey and data were examined using descriptive analysis, correlational analysis, stepwise multiple regression analysis, and analysis of variance. Parental influences were related to self-concept as a music educator, parental influence on decision to major in music education contributed to the devehpment of self-concept, and increases in self-concept as a future music educator were influenced by differences in parental influence. Specifically, parents’ feelings regarding successful completion of education and musical ability necessary to be a successful music educator had significant (p < .001) impact on their son’s/daughter’s self-concept as a future music educator.
The Benefits of New Horizons Band Participation as Self-Reported by Selected New Horizons Band Members
Authors: Jutras Peter J.
Published: December 2022

New Horizons Band Members (N = 1,823) from 28 U.S. States and Canada rated the existence and importance of 42 potential benefits of the New Horizons experience. Benefits were organized into four categories: Healthy Personal, Skill, and Social/Cultural. Of these categories, Skill-related benefits were most frequently identified by band members as components of their experiences, followed by Social/Cultural, Personal, and Health benefits, respectively. On ratings of importance, these categories were ranked in the same order. The individual benefits found to have the highest percentages of existence were Accomplishment, Play/Fun, New Friends, Skill Refinement, and Challenge. The individual benefits with the highest ratings of importance were Play/Fun, Accomplishment, Technique, and Challenge. Social/Cultural benefits were rated much higher than a similar study of adult piano students. Findings suggest that while participants are interested in musical improvement, they also place a high value on Personal and Social benefits provided by the experience.
Masculine and Dead in the Mining Community: The Gendering of Death and the Monongah Mine Explosion of 1907
Authors: Schmoll Brett
Published: December 2022

Much has been written about mine accidents in Appalachia but not the role that gender has played in responding to these accidents. This paper redresses this lacuna, focusing on one case—the mine explosion in Monongah, West Virginia, in 1907. The public response to this tragedy was partly determined by a gendering of the miners. Scholars have tended to focus on the labor conditions and the ethnic or social divisions in Appalachian communities. This article demonstrates that following the disaster, the public concentrated on the gender of the dead miners, often emphasizing their manliness in ways unseen outside of the context of a disaster. The article begins with a general historical overview of the Monongah tragedy. It then explores the relationship of gender and death in four ways: the impact, albeit temporary, the disaster had in lessening the importance of social and ethnic divisions in the community; the role the disaster played in reetching gender roles with heavy emphasis on the masculinity of the dead miners; the temporary supplanting of males as heads of households pending the return to the norm as new males grew into roles left by dead male miners; and the permanent iconographie impact the tragedy has on the communities resulting from grief and unresolved healing. This overwhelming grief produced what can best be described as a community of death, an area saturated with morbid images, dead bodies, funeral processions, rescuers locked in gruesome toil, and thousands of other people who were either directly impacted by death or were there to gaze at those in mourning. The text ends on a broader note by examining the public response to death in Monongah and in the process suggests a new scholarly framework for examining death in the mines.
"Where I’m From:" Does Strong Teacher Appalachian Identity Impact Views of Student Efficacy?
Authors: Winter Linda K.
Published: December 2022

Teacher candidates in a beginning educational psychology course were surveyed about how they believe others perceive the communities and the region these students consider "home." Subjects were asked whether these outsiders’ beliefs were accurate and then were given an opportunity to correct misconceptions others might have about their values or traits. Additionally, subjects, most of whom plan to teach in Appalachia, characterized the strengths of, and expressed concerns about, their future public school students. While all but two percent of the subjects hailed from Appalachia, identification as "Appalachian" was weak; students also perceived that others outside the region viewed them in negative, regionally stereotypical terms which the subjects rejected as untrue. However, the majority of these same subjects, all future teachers, characterized their future students as having many unfavorable, stereotypical learning characteristics. These findings are important for teacher educators, especially considering the decades of research demonstrating the impact of teacher expectations on student performance.