bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Market Gardening as a Livelihood Strategy: a Case Study of Rural-Urban Migrants in Kapit, Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors:   , Wong Sarah
Published: November 2021

This research investigates the role market gardening plays in the livelihood strategies of rural-urban migrants. It contributes to the literature on market gardening, livelihood strategies and migration by positioning market gardening as a highly flexible and adaptable mechanism for managing the rural-urban transition among households with few labour alternatives. Such perspective elevates market gardening from simply being a land use category to being an active instrument in the management of rural-urban migration processes.  The expanding urban centre of Kapit, Sarawak, Malaysia is used as a case study of a rapidly expanding small town in a predominantly rural domain. Market gardening emerges as an important source of income for both individuals and households as rural-urban migrants negotiate the transition between farming and urban settlement. Many rural-urban migrants adopt market gardening or associated market selling as their first employment in urban centres. First generation migrants often have low off-farm skills which limit their ability to take on alternative occupations.  While a rise in market gardening activity is enabled by a growth in demand for fresh vegetables, in the context of Sarawak it is also heavily influenced by the involvement of the state that actively encourages participation, provides advice to farmers and offers subsidies. The expansion of roads from rural to urban areas also plays an important role in improving market gardeners access to urban markets, as well as their access to material inputs. At the same time, increased access has heightened competition by attracting new entrants to urban vegetable markets.  Interviews with 10 sellers and 30 market gardeners from Kapit were conducted in 2004. In contrast to market gardening in larger centres documented in the literature, this small isolated town case identifies market gardeners as typically middle-aged, rural-urban migrant women with limited education and employment skills other than subsistence farming. Market gardening and associated selling is adopted because they are unable to acquire alternative employment to support their household and children’s education. As such, market gardening in the urban setting is a logical extension of the woman’s role as the primary farmer in rural areas.
The High Temperature Synthesis of Transition Metal Oxo-Carboxylate Polynuclear Complexes
Authors:   , Taylor Jonathan
Published: November 2021

Oxo-carboxylate polynuclear complexes contain more than one metal ion bridged by oxo and carboxylate bridges. One method of synthesis for these complexes is the so called high temperature synthesis where a solid precursor is heated at a temperature between 200 - 500 ºC. This research has shown that thermal analytical techniques, EGA-MS and TGA, are an effective way of determining the processes that are occurring at different temperatures during the heating. Thermal analysis may also be used to determine the optimal temperature at which to perform the high temperatures synthesis.  From the thermal analysis of different compounds used in the high temperature synthesis, it is observed that the product is influenced by the carboxylate ligand and the metal ions present in the precursor. Factors such as the anion, solvent of crystallisation or nuclearity of the complex are seen to have no influence on product formation at higher temperatures. It is proposed that a precursor whose corresponding acid of bridging carboxylate has a low boiling point will require a lower synthesis temperature to form complexes of the same nuclearity and structure than precursors with carboxylate ligands whose acid has a higher boiling point.
Controversies in Counselling: Re-thinking Therapy’s Ethical Base
Authors:   , Cornforth Sue
Published: November 2021

This is a theoretical thesis about ethical counselling/psychotherapy. Its aim is to re-think some of the many problems that beset the “psy” professions, by addressing some of therapy’s foundational assumptions. It takes the view that these are still expressed in five ethical principles: autonomy, fidelity, justice, non-maleficence and beneficence. It considers this re-thinking a prerequisite to the development of “just” practice in the twenty-first century. Counselling/psychotherapy is still an emerging profession and contains many contradictions and unanswered questions. The thesis begins by foregrounding the ambiguous relationship of therapy to social justice and to the global environment. It describes the range of internal disruptions and discrepancies which the profession contains. It then presents ethical commitment as the uniting factor, and as the topic of study for the rest of the thesis. The re-thinking draws on a variety of poststructural tools and reviews literature throughout. It takes a discursive approach, drawing in particular on a framework suggested by Foucault in 1968. Each of chapters three to seven focuses on one of the five ethical principles. Each principle is subjected to both a meta-analysis, which locates it within wider discursive contexts and a micro-analysis, which tracks its expression in various versions of the New Zealand Association of Counsellors’ ethical codes. This re-thinking seeks to foreground other “truths” that may have been excluded. The thesis finds that various controversies play a distracting role in a discourse that struggles to exclude immanent relationship with “other things”, including the planet. It finds that therapy continues to play out traditional and oppositional philosophical themes. It finds that morality, expressed rationally as ethics, suffers an erasure. It becomes mis-represented. The thesis ends by proposing a theory of materiality that bridges the gap between discourse analysis and identity politics. It concludes that ethical therapy would do better to free itself from reason’s stranglehold. It calls for an emphasis on dialogic community and the honouring of irrational relationship with the natural environment.
Forensic DNA Profiling of Bacterial Communities in Soil
Authors:   , Parkinson Rachel
Published: November 2021

Soil is frequently encountered as trace evidence in forensic science case-work, but because of the limitations of current analytical techniques, this evidence is rarely utilised. A technique has been developed that allows comparisons of soil samples to be made, based on molecular analysis of the bacterial communities living in the soil. This project assesses the practicality of using this technique, known as 16S rDNA T-RFLP community profiling, for forensic soil analysis, by refining the basic methodology and performing a preliminary evaluation of its reproducibility and utility. Initial difficulties associated with generating profiles from soil samples have been overcome through methodology improvement, and the technique has been found to be effective for generating simple, visual profiles that clearly demonstrate differences between soil samples. Soil bacterial community DNA profiling is likely to be a powerful yet simple forensic tool, providing the ability to routinely use soil as associative evidence. The potential for using the same technology to develop a time since death or post mortem interval (PMI) estimation tool was also investigated. This study monitored the changes in the soil bacterial community beneath decomposing human cadavers and pig carcasses and showed that community change is dynamic and progressive. These changes are caused by fluctuations in specific bacterial species populations that are able to utilise organic breakdown products released from the body over time. Release of the body’s natural microflora into the underlying soil may also contribute to an altered bacterial community. This project has demonstrated that the soil microbial community clearly changes over the course of decomposition, and potential exists for development of a PMI estimation tool based on soil bacterial community succession.
Foraging Interference and Fruit Palatability in Pteropus Scapulatus (Megachiroptera: Pteropodidae): Management Implications
Authors:   , Robbins Sarah Jessie
Published: November 2021

The “residents and raiders” theory emphasizes the importance of conspecific feeding interference in seed dispersal by frugivorous megachiropterans. Agonistic interactions at fruiting trees frequently result in the “ejection” of one bat, which has often first obtained some fruit. The ejected bat then flies to an unoccupied tree, thus dispersing non-consumed seeds. For seeds too large to be swallowed this may be the sole method of dispersal. Raiding and subsequent seed spread only occur when bat populations are sufficiently large, relative to resources, to cause competition for food. If competition similarly affects nectarivorous bats and their floral resources, decline in a bat population could lead to reduced seed set and genetic diversity in their food-plant species. Pteropus scapulatus (Little Red Flying Fox) visit the flowers of dozens of Australian and New Guinean species and are believed to play an important role in the pollination of Eucalyptus and Melaleuca. Feeding-interference and raiding “success” by P. scapulatus eating fruit at Wellington Zoo (New Zealand) was studied to infer the importance of population size on cross-pollination. Decrease in population-to-resource ratio was correlated with decrease in raiding frequency, suggesting a decreased likelihood of cross pollination. These results highlight the value of management practices that promote the maintenance of large populations of nectarivorous megachiropterans. The effects of dominance and food preference on these behaviours were also evaluated. Dominance was inversely correlated to both dispersal and maturity. Contrary to many reports, females were not always subordinate to males. Fruit preference data may be useful for selecting “distracter” trees in orchards prone to damage by fruit bats and for ex situ husbandry concerns. Implications for population-, orchard-, and captive-management are discussed.
Contact Clinical Tutor's Experience of Working With Bachelor of Nursing Students in Clinical Practice
Authors:   , Bride Ann
Published: November 2021

The aim of this qualitative study was to explore four contract clinical tutors’ perceptions of their role in facilitating Bachelor of Nursing students’ learning in the practice setting of the health sector in New Zealand. Participants were asked to share their personal experiences including the positive aspects and the difficulties and challenges they encountered when working with students. Contract clinical tutors, are employed because of their clinical experience and expertise to enable students to apply the knowledge learned in theory and the professional competencies learned in the laboratory into the reality of clinical practice. This requires that clinical tutors be familiar with the curriculum so their role as supervisor, teacher, facilitator, guide and mentor can assist the student in fulfilling their learning requirements when in clinical practice. They are not, however, involved in the development or the teaching of the theoretical component of the programme. The difficulties and challenges identified by the contract clinical tutors in this study, resulted in discussion concerning strategies that could be adopted by the faculty to support clinical tutors in their role of ensuring the students receive the best possible learning opportunities when assigned to the clinical areas. Focus group interviews were chosen as a means of collecting data from four registered nurses currently or previously employed as contract clinical tutors to work with students from an undergraduate degree programme at a small polytechnic. A two-hour focus group interview was held as a means of uncovering the shared thoughts and experiences of participants. A second focus group interview was conducted to qualify information and elaborate on some issues. From the data collected a number of recommendations were identified which if adopted by polytechnics will enhance quality teaching by contract clinical tutors.
Pushing the Boundaries: Relationships With Adolescents
Authors:   , McLean Julia Margaret
Published: November 2021

Therapeutic relationships are central to mental health nursing. The nurse's role in maintaining professional yet therapeutic boundaries within this relationship can be challenging. When therapeutic boundaries are breeched within the nurse adolescent relationship the adolescent's safety within this relationship is compromised. There is currently limited literature on how nurses are managing professional boundaries in relationships with adolescents in this setting. The adolescent's nature is to push boundaries; therefore the nurse needs to be acutely aware of this boundary pushing in everyday practice settings. For the safety of the adolescent and the nurse it is vital the nurse understands her role in managing the professional boundary. This thesis explores, through the use of narrative inquiry, four adolescent mental health nurses' experiences of assessing, understanding and maintaining therapeutic boundaries with adolescents in a mental health setting in New Zealand. The unique and specific implications for adolescent mental health nursing are discussed. Three key themes emerged from the analysis and findings: the importance of the nurse clarifying his/her role; the learning that occurs throughout the practice journey; and the role of the nurse in keeping the adolescent and the nurse safe. These findings highlight the importance of clinical supervision and open communication with senior nurses and mentors, which assist the nurse in monitoring practice. When nurses do not have sufficient knowledge of the fundamental principles of adolescent mental health nursing; such as knowledge and skills in both adolescent development and psychodynamic nursing, they are at risk of boundary crossings. Recommendations from this research include more emphasis on psychodynamic nursing principles in nursing education and nursing practice. There is a need for specialised education for nurses in child and adolescent mental health nursing. Nursing entry to practice programmes for new graduate nurses working in mental health, could assist in providing this. There is a call for further research into therapeutic relationships and professional boundaries in this complex nursing specialty.
Weaving the Contemporary Position of Maatauranga Maaori Within Nursing Practice
Authors:   , Taiaroa Helen
Published: November 2021

While the values and beliefs of health care for Maaori are perceived to be consistent with those which Maaori are embedded in, the outcomes developed from a Western worldview, has fallen short of this expectation. This thesis explores the customary kaupapa of Maatauranga Maaori or Maaori knowledge, which is the appropriate technique to determine how health care should be maintained by and for Maaori. The research highlights the need to meld these kaupapa with that of a contemporary Maaori viewpoint, to focus more on a deeper enhancement of these kaupapa, and develop an understanding of the social, cultural, educational, political and economic contexts these concepts have on Maaori as a people. This research identified six Maaori registered women nurses, who willingly volunteered to share their experiences regarding Maatauranga Maaori and its importance to their nursing practice. Over a period of one year, in-depth conversations unfolded and produced data on what Maatauranga Maaori involves and how the six participants in the study believe it influences their nursing practices. All are currently practicing nurses within various health settings such as psychiatric and comprehensive nursing, and all wish to be known by their given names. From the inception of this study, the focus was to introduce Maatauranga Maaori as the epistemological framework of choice. Inclusive will be life-stories - oral stories - as the method by which value and insight are added to the progress of this research study. The findings of this research indicate that a collection of key kaupapa, namely whakapapa, whanaungatanga, te reo Maaori, wairuatanga, tuurangawaewae, manaakitanga and rangatiratanga are crucial to the health and wellbeing of Maaori as a people. These kaupapa enable Maaori to determine and strengthen our worldview, which in turn reflects the concept of being Maaori thereby contributing to the health and status of their whaanau, hapuu and iwi. The findings support the view that there is a substantial collection of kaupapa, which are inherent in Maatauranga Maaori as being able to provide a framework for theoretical research. These kaupapa will provide a framework for nursing practice and educational curricula that will develop and maintain nursing standards to meet the needs of Maaori.
The Remnant Leiopelma Pakeka (Anura: Leiopelmatidae) Population on Maud Island: Population Size, Distribution and Morphology
Authors:   , Le Roux Jacqueline Valerie Phoebe
Published: November 2021

Leiopelma pakeka is an archaic frog native to New Zealand, and until recently was restricted to a 15ha forest remnant on the south-east face of Maud Island. The L.pakeka population appears to be growing and spreading out from the forest remnant. This study investigated the population size, structure, and distribution of L. pakeka on Maud Island in 2006. The forest remnant was searched using 106 randomly placed 25m2 plots. Population size was estimated using a bootstrap method repeated 10,000 times, adjusted for likelihood of emergence, likely maximum plot population size, and area. The average population size was 34,449 frogs, which is much higher than a 1994 minimum number alive estimate of 19,312. The new figure, however, is similar to another recent estimate of 39,563, based on an update of the 1994 figure. Distributional patterns within the forest remnant were similar to the 1994 study, with most frogs between 90-170m above sea level. The comparability of the population size estimates indicates that L. pakeka numbers have reached the carrying capacity of the forest remnant. The distribution of the remnant L. pakeka population was determined by thoroughly searching the south-east face of Maud Island, thereby minimising the possibility of missing frogs. A total of 232 frogs were found. Frogs generally colonised areas within 50m of the remnant; movement was greater in regenerating forest (75m in the southwest and 100m in the north east) than in pastoral areas (<25m). The size of frogs increased with distance from the forest remnant (weight, girth, condition index, and average snout-vent and tibio-fibula lengths). The size increases may be indications of competitive release, as frog density decreased with distance from the forest remnant. The size range of Leiopelma pakeka was extended by the current study from 50.5mm to at least 52mm snout-vent length. A total of 15 L. pakeka were found on Fort Road, approximately 350m from the remnant. These frogs were most likely in the area before 1994. The Fort Road frogs were compared to the forest remnant L. pakeka, and were not morphologically distinct as only patterning differed significantly. Fort Road L. pakeka may belong to a separate subpopulation. L. pakeka distribution was significantly affected by habitat. Important variables were vegetation type, and rock, canopy, sub-canopy, and leaf litter cover. The size of emergent frogs (tibio-fibula length) was significantly and positively correlated with relative humidity.
Coal Pyrolysis Distribution
Authors:   , Paea Sione
Published: November 2021

Coal pyrolysis is a complex process involving a large number of chemical reactions. The most accurate and up to date approach to modeling coal pyrolysis is to adopt the Distributed Activation Energy Model (DAEM) in which the reactions are assumed to consist of a set of irreversible first-order reactions that have different activation energies and a constant frequency factor. The differences in the activation energies have usually been represented by a Gaussian distribution. This thesis firstly compares the Simple First Order Reaction Model (SFOR) with the Distributed Activation Energy Model (DAEM), to explore why the DAEM may be a more appropriate approach to modeling coal pyrolysis. The second part of the thesis uses the inverse problem approach together with the smoothing function (iterative method) to provide an improved estimate of the underlying distribution in the wide distribution case of the DAEM. The present method significantly minimizes the error due to differencing and smoothes the chopped off parts on the underlying distribution curve.
Personal and Professional Choices, Tensions, and Boundaries in the Lives of Lesbian Psychiatric Mental Health Nurses
Authors:   , Walsh Christine Mary Miriam
Published: November 2021

This study breaks new ground in articulating how sexual identity impacts on the therapeutic relationship between the client and the lesbian nurse in psychiatric mental health nursing. There is little consideration given in the literature or in research as to how sexuality of the nurse impacts on nursing practice. Most attitudes held by the public and nursing staff are based on the assumption that everyone is heterosexual, including nurses. Fifteen lesbian psychiatric mental health nurses from throughout New Zealand volunteered for two interviews and shared their experiences of becoming and being a lesbian psychiatric mental health nurse. The stories they told give new insights into how these nurses negotiate and position their lesbian identity in the therapeutic relationship. To work therapeutically with people in mental distress the nurse uses personal information about themselves to gain rapport with the client through appropriate selfdisclosure. Being real, honest and authentic are also key concepts in this relationship so the negotiation of reveal/conceal of the nurse’s identity is central to ongoing therapeutic engagement. One of the most significant things arising from the research is that participants areable to maintain their honesty and authenticity in the therapeutic relationship whether they self-disclose their lesbian identity or not. This is because the experiences in their personal lives have influenced how the participants ‘know themselves’ and therefore guide how they ‘use self’ in their therapeutic nursing. The concept of a ‘licensed narrative’ has also been developed during this research reflecting the negotiated understandings between the researcher and the participants. Further, the use of NVivo a qualitative software package helps to track and make transparent the research processes. These two aspects make a unique contribution to the field of narrative inquiry.
A Framework for the Collection, Retention and Use of Human Body Parts
Authors:   , Thomas Cordelia Mary
Published: November 2021

Organ transplantation and biotechnological research depend on the availability of body parts, which necessitates the willing involvement of the public. The rapid development of biotechnology has led to a search for an adequate decision-making framework for the acquisition, retention and utilisation of body parts. It has also lead to disquiet about the commercialisation of research with the source being the only participant who is unable to benefit financially. In developing such a framework it is necessary to conceptualise the nature of the interest that individuals have in their bodies. The principle of autonomy may form a basis for structuring decision-making and weighing conflicting principles. As a society we value autonomy in the sense that a competent adult may make decisions about his or her own health care. The concept is that of an individual separated from others by a wall of rights. This may be of assistance as a basis for formulating competing rights, but this must then be mediated with reference to other principles. In this context this thesis applies the concepts of property interests to the human body. The purpose of this research is to consider selected bioethical issues in an attempt to formulate a principled approach to issues of consent and control over the body and its component parts. It argues that a living person should have a property interest in excised body parts during life. There should also be a property interest in the cadaver that arises at the point of death, which can be passed to the deceased's personal representative, who would be required to deal with the cadaver in accord with the previous instructions of the deceased. However, it does not argue that there are property interests in entire living persons. It does not suggest that property alone is adequate to resolve the issues, but that it should operate alongside existing concepts such as autonomy, informed consent and privacy. It proposes draft legislation to illustrate the operation of the suggested medico-legal framework. It recognises that any framework should be respectful of Maori cultural values, in light of the special position of Maori as tangata whenua, as expressed in the Treaty of Waitangi. It argues that the framework allows Maori the freedom to choose collective or individualistic decision-making, in recognition of the diversity of values within the Maori population. In addition, it considers areas where public policy might determine that the free disposition of this property interest should be restricted to protect vulnerable persons, such as incompetent persons and living organ donors.
Suppression of the Immune Response Against Tuberculosis by Natural T Regulatory Cells
Authors:   , Quinn Kylie Margaret
Published: November 2021

The causative agents of Tuberculosis (Tb), Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis, subvert a number of host immune mechanisms to promote persistence of infection in the human host. Infection with these immunoevasive pathogens is estimated to cause 1.8 million deaths per year. The only Tb vaccine currently available is an attenuated form of M. bovis, called bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG), and its efficacy is highly variable. Thus, development of more effective vaccine strategies for Tb is of significant importance. Host-derived natural CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) suppress host immune responses and prevent autoimmunity. However, Tregs can also interfere with protective immune responses against chronic infections or with the protective efficacy of vaccines. There is speculation that mycobacteria exploit the suppressive activity of Tregs to permit persistence in the host and that Treg activity also diminishes the protective efficacy of the BCG vaccine. Therefore, to explore the role of Tregs in anti-mycobacterial immunity, I first optimised a protocol to inactivate Tregs in vivo in a murine model, through administration of anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody. In addition, I developed a novel plasmid DNA replicon vaccine against Tb to aid with the assessment of the effect of Tregs on Tb vaccines. I hypothesised that inactivating Tregs in vivo prior to mycobacterial infection would enhance acute immune responses that are thought to be protective under current dogma and thereby enhance bacterial clearance. Enhanced immune responses were observed but, contrary to the hypothesis, inactivation of Tregs did not alter bacterial numbers in the lung. I also hypothesised that inactivating Tregs in vivo prior to live BCG or DNA vaccination would enhance primary and secondary immune responses that are thought to be protective against Tb infection and thereby enhance the protective efficacies of the vaccines. Enhanced vaccine-induced immune responses and accelerated secondary immune responses were observed for the BCG vaccine. However, Treg inactivation did not alter the protective efficacy of the BCG vaccine, and preliminary data suggests Treg inactivation may in fact decrease the protective efficacy of one plasmid DNA vaccine tested. In summary, this thesis illustrates that inactivating natural Tregs does not enhance protection from mycobacterial infection. This implies that inactivation of natural Tregs cannot be used in a therapeutic setting to enhance treatment or vaccination approaches for Tb. More importantly, Treg inactivation enhances immune responses that current dogma regard as protective against Tb infection, but does not correspondingly enhance protection. As a result of this disparity, this thesis questions the validity of measures that are commonly used as immune correlates of protection for Tb vaccine design. Ultimately, the development of more accurate immune correlates of protection for Tb will permit targeted design of more effective Tb vaccination strategies.
Writing the Colony: Walter Edward Gudgeon in the Cook Islands, 1898-1909
Authors:   , Whimp Graeme
Published: November 2021

Recent decades have witnessed a number of challenges from a variety of perspectives to long-standing depictions of the processes and relationships of colonisation. In particular, questions have been raised about its supposedly binary nature, the internal coherence of the elements of coloniser and colonised, and the stability of both its institutions and its ideology. Framed as an exercise in an interdisciplinary Pacific Studies, this thesis draws on those perspectives to provide insights into one particular colonial experience and to examine the extent to which they are borne out by the representations appearing in the writings of a New Zealand colonial administrator, Walter Edward Gudgeon, in the Cook Islands. To that end I have assembled a text comprising his major personal and official documents; provided some background on Gudgeon himself, the intellectual currents of the time, and the Cook Islands; represented as accurately as I could the representations appearing in his writing; read that writing as far as possible in terms of the text itself; and arrived at a number of conclusions from that reading. I have also considered the contribution such a text-based approach may offer to a Pacific Studies which aspires to be interdisciplinary. I conclude that my reading of the text supports the more recent perspectives on the colonial project by revealing in Gudgeon a number of contradictions, ambiguities, anxieties, uncertainties, and fears that do not appear in existing accounts of the Cook Islands colonial experience and justify a re-examination of that whole experience. Finally, I suggest that the validity of my approach is supported by those results and that such approaches provide one vehicle for the pursuit of an interdisciplinary Pacific Studies.
A Consistent Geological-Seismological Model For Earthquake Occurrence in New Zealand
Authors:   , Stock Christian
Published: November 2021

For the development of earthquake occurrence models, historical earthquake catalogues and compilations of mapped, active faults are often used. The goal of this study is to develop new methodologies for the generation of an earthquake occurrence model for New Zealand that is consistent with both data sets. For the construction of a seismological earthquake occurrence model based on the historical earthquake record, 'adaptive kernel estimation' has been used in this study. Based on this method a technique has been introduced to filter temporal sequences (e.g. aftershocks). Finally, a test has been developed for comparing different earthquake occurrence models. It has been found that the adaptive kernel estimation with temporal sequence filtering gives the best joint fit between the earthquake catalogue and the earthquake occurrence model, and between two earthquake occurrence models obtained from data from two independent time intervals. For the development of a geological earthquake occurrence model based on fault information, earthquake source relationships (i.e. rupture length versus rupture width scaling) have been revised. It has been found that large dip-slip and strike-slip earthquakes scale differently. Using these source relationships a dynamic stochastic fault model has been introduced. Whereas earthquake hazard studies often do not allow individual fault segments to produce compound ruptures, this model allows the linking of fault segments by chance. The moment release of simulated fault ruptures has been compared with the theoretical deformation along the plate boundary. When comparing the seismological and the geological earthquake occurrence model, it has been found that a 'good' occurrence model for large dip-slip earthquakes is given by the seismological occurrence model using the Gutenberg-Richter magnitude frequency distribution. In contrast, regions dominated by long strike-slip faults produce large earthquakes but not many small earthquakes and the occurrence of earthquakes on such faults should be inferred from the dynamic fault model.
Economic and Technical Feasibility of Grain Chilling in Brazil
Authors: Lopes Daniela de Carvalho , Steidle Neto Antonio José
Published: November 2021

Grain quality is critical due to the more stringent food-safety demands. Chilled aeration has become a popular technology for preventing grain spoilage during storage, mainly in warmer regions. However, a limiting factor in broad-scale adoption of chilling is the general belief that this technology is much more expensive than other post-harvest methods, such as the aeration with ambient air. In this work, ambient and chilled aeration were simulated considering the three major grain-producing regions in Brazil. Also, three storage capacities (95, 5000, 10500 t), five-grain types (corn, coffee, rice, bean, soybean), and two storage periods (beginning at the first and the last months of the harvest period) were used in the study, totalling 180 simulation scenarios. Based on these simulations a comparative cash flow analysis was performed aiming at evaluating the influence of the product, storage period, region, and silo size on the costs and profits from using these technologies. Results were strongly affected by the weather patterns of the studied regions, market values of grain, storage sizes, and fan operation hours. Chilled aeration should be economically competitive with ambient aeration, and the two technologies appeared as low-risk investments in Brazil, achieving average profits for 20 years by considering the time of money of US$ 68 and 59.4 million, respectively. Considering the technical factors, chilling presented higher energy consumption, but showed a greater potential for reducing grain temperatures and resulted in grain dry matter losses around 58% smaller than those verified when using ambient air.
Investigation of Soil Physicochemical Effects on the Corrosion of Buried Iron Pipes
Authors: Jiru Moera Gutu , Tolcha Mesay Alemu , A. Yeshanew Dessalegn
Published: November 2021

Soil corrosivity was an active problem of water pipeline damaged by corrosion that affects the performance of pipe manufacturers. In Addis ababa, groundwater pipelines were facing breakage and like due to corrosion damage of the pipes. The population of nearly four million were facing a shortage of clean and continuous water supply. Maintenace and replacing old pipes with new ones increased additional cost and delay of water supply for the city. For this investigation of corrosion, causes were conducted which soil property is the one factor. Investigation of soil corrosivity for a given specific location before installation is important to design robust pipes that can serve for long life. Soil physicochemical behaviors of the soil parameters were pH, moisture content, and electrical resistivity for any type of soil. In addition, soil bulk density, total nitrogen, soil texture, and electrical conductivity were also the main factors to be studied. The laboratory result indicated that pH of 6.98-7.04, moisture content of 23.7-37.5%, and electrical conductivity of 0.105-313 ds/m were observed. Total nitrogen was small as 0.06-0.10 for a type of soil were class and loam soils. From the analysis of eight soil samples taken from different cities. The results show that the corrosivity behavior of buried iron pipes in the capital city of Ethiopia was moderately corrosive. As confirmed from various soil samples tested from corroded pipes at different depths of 40, 80, and 120 cm. The influence of soil corrosiveness factors initiates pits formation and propagates its width and depth on the surface of pipes.
Effect of Green Practices on Organizational Performance: An Empirical Study
Authors: M. Gaikwad Lokpriya , K. Sunnapwar Vivek
Published: November 2021

Global manufacturing businesses have contributed to energy and resource consumption, pollution. Along with governmental legislation, social and market pressure that growing as awareness about environmental issues increases. To tackle such problems the study focuses on the analysis of the direct consequence of Green Manufacturing (GM) practices on operational performance in the manufacturing industry. A model for evaluating the effect of GM is developed taking into consideration as a fundamental variable that affects the causal relationship between GM practices and operational performance. A structural equation model was proposed and investigated across the manufacturing industry in India. A structured survey questionnaire was used to gather empirical data from 400 Indian companies. A total of 203 usable responses were obtained giving a response rate of 53%. The data was analyzed using SPSS- AMOS software. The results revealed that GM practices directly and positively affected operational performance. The results indicated that the structural equation model remained invariant across the Industry. The implementation of Green practices in manufacturing has been recognized as a mean to improve economic and environmental performance that increases competitiveness and urge innovation. The study provides further evidence to managers and practitioners on the effect of GM practices on operational performance in developing countries like India.
Adversity quotient of students during covid-19 outbreak
Authors: Asni Asni , Nabilah Siti Salsa , Fajri Nurul , Chairunnisa Dini
Published: November 2021

Adversity quotient is one of the intelligences possessed by a person in managing difficulties into a challenge that must be resolved to achieve certain goals. So that the adversity quotient must be owned by students to face various difficulties in completing lectures. However, during the Covid-19 pandemic, student activity became limited, both in following the learning process and guidance in completing final assignments in the form of a thesis, which was increasingly difficult. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of adversity quotient of students during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research method is descriptive quantitative. The sample in this study numbered 237 students and were selected using proportional random sampling technique. This study uses an adversity quotient scale with a reliability level of 0.924 in the very good category. The data analysis technique used the score range/categorization formula. The results showed 7.2% or 17 guidance and counseling students had low adversity quotient, 67.1% or 159 students had medium adversity quotient and 25.7% or 61 students had high adversity quotient. It can be concluded that students in general tend to have a moderate adversity quotient during the Covid-19 epidemic. These findings indicate it is necessary to conduct a college level counseling and guidance program to increase the adversity quotient of students.
Manajemen strategi FAB Enterprises dalam membangun kolaborasi bisnis
Authors: Barata Fausta Ari
Published: November 2021

Konsep bisnis sudah tidak lagi menggunakan pemikiran independensi melainkan berevolusi menjadi interpendensi. Dimana bisnis bukan sekedar dan selalu mengarah pada kompetisi akan tetapi menuju pada kolaborasi.  Kolaborasi bisnis menjadi pilihan optimal dalam menjalankan strategi bisnis internasional. Fab Enterprises  merupakan salah satu perusahaan yang menerapkan konsep kolaborasi dimana terdapat perusahaan partner kolaborasi diantaranya PT. Carestar/harvestar, PT. Astarika Stuwarindo, pt. Alam Sejati Trans, dan PT. Serunting Sriwijaya. Sebagai perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang logistic skala internasioanl, strategi bisnis kolaborasi yang dilakukan mendongkrak kinerja dan mendapatkan respon positif dari beberapa pihak. Artikel ini bermaksud mengupas bagaimana manajemen strategi yang diterapkan Fab Enterprises  dalam menjalin hubungan kerjasama yang baik sehingga apa yang menjadi visi, misi, dan tujuannya dapat tercapai. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus. Peneliti mengambil data melalui wawancara mendalam kepada informan, observasi, dan pengambilan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan teori Milles dan Haberman, yaitu model analisis interaktif, dimulai dari kondensasi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi data/penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa, manajemen strategi yang diterapkan dalam membangun kolaborasi bisnis melalui tiga tahapan. Yang pertama perumusan strategi berdasar audit internal dan eksternal perusahaan, berdasar visi misi dan tujuan perusahaan sehingga menghasilkan strategi membentuk kepercayaan dan rekanan bisnis yang baik. Kedua implementasi strategi yang didasarkan pada alokasi sumber daya yang efektif, membuat kebijakan pelaksanaan, serta memberikan motivasi. Ketiga adalah evaluasi strategi dengan melakukan monitoring/pengamatan selama proses berjalan dan secara berkala.
Konstribusi self esteem terhadap perilaku bullying siswa
Authors: Jufri Fita , Karneli Yeni
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kontribusi self esteem terhadap perilaku bullying siswa. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 67 siswa di SMP Pesantren Modern Terpadu (PMT) Prof. Dr. Hamka II Kota Padang dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah angket self esteem dan perilaku bullying, analisis data dilakukan dengan deskriptif korelasional pendekatan kuantitatif. Berdasarkan pengolahan data temuan dan pembahasan hasil penelitian, maka dapat dikemukakan kesimpulan bahwa gambaran perilaku bullying siswa berada pada kategori tinggi dengan persentase 56,7 persen, self-esteem siswa berada pada kategori sedang dengan persentase 47,8 persen. Persamaan regresi self-esteem terhadap perilaku bullying memiliki makna bahwa Konstanta sebesar 58,756 menyatakan bahwa jika tidak ada self-esteem, maka skor perilaku bullying siswa adalah 58,756. Koefesiensi regresi (B) sebesar - 1,028 menyatakan bahwa setiap terjadi peningkatan skor self-esteem sebesar 1, maka perilaku bullying siswa akan menurun sebesar - 1,028. Nilai signifikansinya 0,000 < 0,05, maka dengan demikian dapat dimaknai bahwa persamaan regresi yang diperoleh adalah signifikan atau dengan kata lain, self-esteem benar-benar dapat memprediksi peilaku bullying siswa. Semakin tinggi self-esteem maka semakin rendah pula perilaku bullying siswa. Sebaliknya, semakin rendah self-esteem maka semakin tinggi pula perilaku bullying siwa.
Strategi Komunikasi Lingkungan dalam Membangun Kepedulian Masyarakat dalam Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga
Authors: Cerya Efni , Evanita Susi
Published: November 2021

Pertumbuhan penduduk yang semakin pesat mendorong volume sampah meningkat akibat bertambahnya konsumsi masyarakat. Pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga oleh masyarakat masih tergolong rendah. Fenomena ini juga terlihat di Komplek Lubuk Gading Permai III Lubuk Buaya Kota Padang. Hasil observasi awal dan wawancara menunjukkan bahwa masih rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat untuk membuang sampah pada tempat pembuangan sampah resmi dan rendahnya peran masyarakat dalam mendukung program pemerintah terkait pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun kesadaran dan kepedulian masyarakat di Komplek Lubuk Gading Permai III dalam mengelola sampah rumah tangga. Komunikasi lingkungan dilakukan dengan menggunakan komunikasi massa berupa spanduk dan komunikasi personal berupa penyuluhan secara door to door dan membagikan brosur. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perubahan perilaku komunikasi personal lebih berpengaruh dibandingkan dengan komunikasi massa. Untuk meningkatkan knowledge dapat digunakan komunikasi massa, namun perubahan perilaku lebih berpengaruh apabila digunakan komunikasi personal. Selain itu, masyarakat juga mulai menyadari pentingnya menjaga kebersihan dan mengelola sampah rumah tangga, seperti memisahkan sampah berdasarkan jenisnya dan membuang sampah pada tempat pembuangan resmi.
Mantra Jampi Rempah yang Digunakan oleh Masyarakat di Desa Balunijuk Provinsi Bangka Belitung
Authors: Waki’ah Nur , Fitriani Yessi , Wardarita Ratu
Published: November 2021

Artikel ini merupakan kajian tentang Mantra Jampi Rempah yang digunakan masyarakat di Desa Balunijuk Provinsi Bangka Belitung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami dan mendeskripsikan struktur, makna, dan nilai budaya yang terdapat dalam mantra jampi rempah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan teknik observasi, teknik rekam, dan teknik tulis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara struktural diketahui analisis struktur mantra jampi rempah tidak semua mempunyai unsur pembuka dan penutup, komponen salam pembuka mantra menggunakan kata-kata yang diadopsi dari bahasa Arab, dan unsur sugesti pada mantra jampi rempah seluruhnya mempunyai sugesti bahwa apa yang diucapkan perapal akan tercapai. Mantra Jampi Rempah dibangun dengan adanya hubungan antara Tuhan dan mahluk yang berada di bawah kekuasaannya dan memiliki kekuatan bisa menolong manusia. Mantra Jampi Rempah memiliki fungsi untuk mengobati penyakit dengan menggunakan rempah. Nilai budaya yang ada pada Mantra Jampi Rempah yaitu terdapat hubungan antara manusia dengan Tuhan, alam, masyarakat, manusia lain dan diri sendiri.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Menganalisis Unsur-unsur Pembangun Cerpen Melalui Model Discovery Learning pada Siswa
Authors: Rosana Rosana , Fitriani Yessi , Effendi Darwin
Published: November 2021

Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menganalisis unsur-unsur pembangun cerpen melalui model discovery learning pada siswa kelas XI di SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Batu. Dalam melakukan pengumpulan data peneliti menggunakan teknik observasi dan tes. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam tiga siklus dan masing-masing siklus memiliki tahapan yakni perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa model pembelajaran discovery learning dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menganalisis unsur-unsur pembangun cerpen siswa kelas XI IPS-3 SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Batu. Penelitian ini memberi kontribusi kepada guru Bahasa Indonesia agar menggunakan model discovery learning untuk meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam menganalisis unsur-unsur pembangun cerpen.
Peningkatan Hasil Bimbingan TIK Siswa melalui Penggunaan E-learning
Authors: Ali Muttaqin Kholis
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this research is to determine the increase in ICT learning outcomes through the application of E-Learning in class X MIA 1 students at SMA Negeri 1 Tambangan. The research method used is quasi experimental with a pretest-posttest control group design. The research divides the control class using conventional learning media and the experimental class using E-Learning media. The data analysis method is descriptive quantitative. The results obtained from this research is that the applied E-Learning can improve student’s learning achievement. It is evident from the pretest and posttest mean scores which increased from 67.03 to 86.09. The application of E-Learning is also more effective than the application of conventional learning, as evidenced by the normalized gain value of the experimental class of g = 0.54 is higher than the gain value of the control class of g = 0.30. Besides, the results of the posttest hypothesis test with t-test showed P (0.006) < ∝ (0.05) so that the research hypothesis is accepted. The conclusion obtained from this research is that the application of the E-Learning can improve the ICT learning achievement of class X MIA 1 SMA Negeri 1 Tambangan.