bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A mitochondrial function-related LncRNA signature predicts prognosis and immune microenvironment for breast cancer
Authors: Wang Yuan , Gao Shun , Xu Yingkun , Tang Zhenrong , Liu Shengchun
Published: March 2023

Mitochondrial function, as the core of the cell's energy metabolism, is firmly connected to cancer metabolism and growth. However, the involvement of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) related to mitochondrial function in breast cancer (BRCA) has not been thoroughly investigated. As a result, the objective of this research was to dissect the prognostic implication of mitochondrial function-related lncRNAs and their link to the immunological microenvironment in BRCA. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to acquire clinicopathological and transcriptome information for BRCA samples. Mitochondrial function-related lncRNAs were recognized by coexpression analysis of 944 mitochondrial function-related mRNAs obtained from the MitoMiner 4.0 database. A novel prognostic signature was built in the training cohort using integrated analysis of mitochondrial function-related lncRNA and the corresponding clinical information through univariate analysis, lasso regression, and stepwise multivariate Cox regression analysis. The prognostic worth was judged in the training cohort and validated in the test cohort. In addition, functional enrichment and immune microenvironment analyses were performed to explore the risk score on the basis of the prognostic signature. An 8-mitochondrial function-related lncRNA signature was generated by integrated analysis. Individuals within the higher-risk category had a worse overall survival rate (OS) (training cohort: P < 0.001; validation cohort: P < 0.001; whole cohort: P < 0.001). The risk score was identified as an independent risk factor by multivariate Cox regression analysis (training cohort: HR 1.441, 95% CI 1.229–1.689, P < 0.001; validation cohort: HR 1.343, 95% CI 1.166–1.548, P < 0.001; whole cohort: HR 1.241, 95% CI 1.156–1.333, P < 0.001). Following that, the predictive accuracy of the model was confirmed by the ROC curves. In addition, nomograms were generated, and the calibration curves revealed that the model had excellent prediction accuracy for 3- and 5-year OS. Besides, the higher-risk BRCA individuals have relatively decreased amounts of infiltration of tumor-killing immune cells, lower levels of immune checkpoint molecules, and immune function. We constructed and verified a novel mitochondrial function-related lncRNA signature that might accurately predict the outcome of BRCA, play an essential role in immunotherapy, and might be exploited as a therapeutic target for precise BRCA therapy.
A hybrid classical-quantum approach to speed-up Q-learning
Authors: Sannia A. , Giordano A. , Gullo N. Lo , Mastroianni C. , Plastina F.
Published: March 2023

We introduce a classical-quantum hybrid approach to computation, allowing for a quadratic performance improvement in the decision process of a learning agent. Using the paradigm of quantum accelerators, we introduce a routine that runs on a quantum computer, which allows for the encoding of probability distributions. This quantum routine is then employed, in a reinforcement learning set-up, to encode the distributions that drive action choices. Our routine is well-suited in the case of a large, although finite, number of actions and can be employed in any scenario where a probability distribution with a large support is needed. We describe the routine and assess its performance in terms of computational complexity, needed quantum resource, and accuracy. Finally, we design an algorithm showing how to exploit it in the context of Q-learning.
Tides regulate the flow and density of Antarctic Bottom Water from the western Ross Sea
Authors: Bowen Melissa M. , Fernandez Denise , Gordon Arnold L. , Huber Bruce , Castagno Pasquale , Falco Pierpaolo , Budillon Giorgio , Gunn Kathryn L. , Forcen-Vazquez Aitana
Published: March 2023

Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) stores heat and gases over decades to centuries after contact with the atmosphere during formation on the Antarctic shelf and subsequent flow into the global deep ocean. Dense water from the western Ross Sea, a primary source of AABW, shows changes in water properties and volume over the last few decades. Here we show, using multiple years of moored observations, that the density and speed of the outflow are consistent with a release from the Drygalski Trough controlled by the density in Terra Nova Bay (the “accelerator”) and the tidal mixing (the “brake”). We suggest tides create two peaks in density and flow each year at the equinoxes and could cause changes of ~ 30% in the flow and density over the 18.6-year lunar nodal tide. Based on our dynamic model, we find tides can explain much of the decadal variability in the outflow with longer-term changes likely driven by the density in Terra Nova Bay.
SrTiO3-based Perovskite Photocatalysts for Efficient Solar-driven Overall Water Splitting and CO2 Reduction
Authors: Wang Qian , Pan Zhenhua
Published: March 2023

Using sunlight to synthesize fuels via artificial photosynthetic processes, such as overall water (H2O) splitting and reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) using water (H2O), offers a potential solution for chemical energy storage. Recent milestones in this field demonstrated that photocatalysts based on strontium titanate (SrTiO3) exhibited quantum efficiency of nearly 100% and a solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 0.76% on a 100 m2 scale for photocatalytic overall water splitting. Another successful application of the SrTiO3-based photocatalysts has been in the construction of Z-scheme systems based on two-step photoexcitation for efficient, selective, and scalable photocatalytic overall water splitting and CO2 reduction. In this chapter, we survey the latest advances in photocatalysis for solar fuel production from H2O and CO2 using SrTiO3-based perovskite materials and discuss the key factors affecting photocatalytic performance. To improve the photocatalytic activity of SrTiO3, various strategies including defect engineering, co-catalyst and surface modification, facet controlling and light absorption expansion, are proving successful. We have demonstrated that it is possible to employ these fundamental principles and the tools of chemical and materials science to design and construct efficient photocatalytic systems for solar fuel generation and that future efforts would promise to have a significant impact on large-scale challenges in global energy.
Efficacy of Bismuth Oxyhalides (BiOX-based) Materials for Enhanced Photocatalysis
Authors: Ghosh Srabanti , Verma Neha , Ananthakrishnan Rajakumar
Published: March 2023

Photocatalytic water splitting is an intriguing technology for sustainable hydrogen production. Bismuth-based oxyhalides are excellent photocatalysts that perform water splitting more efficiently. They also provide a wide scope for materials selection and design. The heterostructures afford abundant interfaces that offer plentiful active sites, rapid charge and mass transfer that synergistically boost the photocatalytic water oxidation and reduction reaction. This chapter describes the fundamentals of bismuth-based oxyhalides for photocatalytic water splitting and CO2 photoreduction. It also presents the strategies and efforts developed to increase efficiency, which includes improving light absorption and charge transfer.
Optimization of precision nanofiber micelleplexes for DNA delivery
Authors: Street Steven T. G. , Parkin Hayley C. , Shopperly Lennard , Chrenek Josie , Letwin Keiran , Willerth Stephanie M. , Manners Ian
Published: March 2023

Several factors important for understanding the formation and biological activity of nanofiber micelleplexes are examined and optimized in this work. These studies should inform the future design of more advanced polymeric DNA delivery systems.
3D graphene-supported N-doped hierarchically porous carbon for capacitive deionization of saline water
Authors: Feng Bin , Khan Zaheen Ullah , Khan Wasid Ullah
Published: March 2023

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a promising technique for desalination of brackish water because it is highly energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.
Reconstructing atomic Fe coordination in the PMS activation process to realize efficient BPA degradation at low temperature
Authors: Lin Yuxuan , Qin Weihua , Lu Yuwei , Ren Mingye , Gao Pan , Xiao Feng , Yang Shaoxia
Published: March 2023

P and N co-doped Fe SACs with dual reaction sites exhibited an ultra-low activation energy and exhibited excellent BPA degradation efficiency in the PMS-based heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction.
Semisynthetic blasticidin S ester derivatives show enhanced antibiotic activity
Authors: Gannett Cole , Banks Paige , Chuong Christina , Weger-Lucarelli James , Mevers Emily , Lowell Andrew N.
Published: March 2023

A potential rich source of new antimicrobials is undeveloped natural product cytotoxins. We used semisynthesis to derivatize the neglected antibiotic blasticidin S, creating ester derivatives with enhanced selectivity for bacteria.
Memristor-based neural networks: a bridge from device to artificial intelligence
Authors: Cao Zelin , Sun Bai , Zhou Guangdong , Mao Shuangsuo , Zhu Shouhui , Zhang Jie , Ke Chuan , Zhao Yong , Shao Jinyou
Published: March 2023

This paper reviews the research progress in memristor-based neural networks and puts forward future development trends.
Emerging electrocatalysts for electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs): recent progress and perspectives
Authors: Shu Yajie , Hu Mengqing , Zhou Ming , Yin Huajie , Liu Porun , Zhang Haimin , Zhao Huijun
Published: March 2023

The global water crisis is among the most pressing challenges facing humankind.
Ligand engineering of Au44nanoclusters for NIR-II luminescent and photoacoustic imaging-guided cancer photothermal therapy
Authors: Yang Ge , Mu Xueluer , Pan Xinxin , Tang Ying , Yao Qiaofeng , Wang Yaru , Jiang Fuyi , Du Fanglin , Xie Jianping , Zhou Xianfeng , Yuan Xun
Published: March 2023

A theranostic probe was developed by conjugating NIR-II emitting Au44MBA26nanoclusters with photothermal Cy7 moleculesviaclick chemistry, achieving NIR-II luminescent and photoacoustic imaging-guided cancer photothermal therapy.
Penta-coordinated or -valent: the nature of the chemical bond of some Ti–C–Al compounds
Authors: Saßmannshausen J.
Published: March 2023

Detailed DFT calculations of the published [CpTi(μ2-Me)(μ2-NPPh3)(μ5-C)(μ2-AlMe2)2(AlMe2)(AlMe3)] 1 revealed the triple-bond nature of the Ti–C bond and thus being a methide carbon with 5 surrounding ligands.
Pore-forming mechanisms and sodium-ion-storage performances in a porous Na3V2(PO4)3/C composite cathode
Authors: Wang Zhaoyang , Han Jiaxuan , Wang Dong , Liu Lingyang , Shi Wenjing , Xiong Fangyu , Tao Haizheng
Published: March 2023

The formation mechanisms of different pore structures of NVP and the origin of the electrochemical properties of NVP are revealed.
A palladium complex of a macrocyclic selenium ligand: catalyst for the dehydroxymethylation of dihydroxy compounds
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Singh Sohan , Mahala Suman , Janjani Prachi , Rajagopala Reddy S. , Rom Tanmay , Paul Avijit Kumar , Roy Partha , Joshi Hemant
Published: March 2023

A macrocyclic selenium ligand stabilizedtrans-palladium dichloride complex has been designed and utilized as a catalyst for one-pot dehydroxymethylation of long alkyl chain containing dihydroxy compounds.
Aromatization-driven cascade [1,5]-hydride transfer/cyclization for synthesis of spirochromanes
Authors: Cao Lianyi , Hu Fangzhi , Dong Jiacheng , Zhang Xiao-Mei , Li Shuai-Shuai
Published: March 2023

An aromatization-driven hydride transfer-involved α-C(sp3)–H bond functionalization of the oxygen atom was developed. Easily prepared p-quinone methides were applied to initiate [1,5]-hydride transfer/cyclization for generating spirochromanes.
TBHP-promoted multicomponent reaction to access 2-aminobenzoxazinones using sodium chlorodifluoroacetate as the C1 synthon
Authors: Li Huijuan , Wang Yongfeng , Xu Cheng , Zou Jingwen , Wu Yaxuan , Yin Guodong
Published: March 2023

Sodium chlorodifluoroacetate serves as the C1 synthon for constructing 2-aminobenzoxazinones via a quadruple cleavage mode under transition metal-free conditions.
Structure elucidation of prot, alkali and dealkaline lignin(s) by NMR, FT-IR and Py-GC/MS: effect of solid acid and base catalysts
Authors: Kumar Avnish , Biswas Bijoy , Kaur Ramandeep , Rani Reeta , Krishna Bhavya B. , Bhaskar Thallada
Published: March 2023

Mechanistic breaking of lignin(s) was studied to see their potential toward valuable compounds. The breaking of bonds in the H, G, and S-type sub-aromatic units was affected by the acidic and basic properties of the catalyst(s).
Encapsulating eutectogels for stretchable humidity-resistant strain sensors
Authors: Wan Xiaodong , He Yunfeng , Li Caicong , Yang Canhui
Published: March 2023

In this work, we fabricated encapsulated eutectogels with excellent humidity-resistant capability through an elastomer coating procedure.
Direct detection of molecular hydrogen upon p- and n-doping of organic semiconductors with complex oxidants or reductants
Authors: Pallini Francesca , Mattiello Sara , Manfredi Norberto , Mecca Sara , Fedorov Alexey , Sassi Mauro , Al Kurdi Khaled , Ding Yi-Fan , Pan Chen-Kai , Pei Jian , Barlow Stephen , Marder Seth R. , Nguyen Thuc-Quyen , Beverina Luca
Published: March 2023

The formation of molecular hydrogen is detected for the first time in the uncatalysed doping of a variety of semiconductors with molecular dopants.
The role of grain growth in controlling the crystal orientation of Sb2S3 films for efficient solar cells
Authors: Wu Chunyan , Zhang Lijian , Che Bo , Xiao Peng , Yang Junjie , Wang Haolin , Chu Liang , Yan Wensheng , Chen Tao
Published: March 2023

Herein, the orientation of a Sb2S3 film is successfully modulated via controlling the grain growth process. A highly [hk1]-oriented Sb2S3 film can be obtained if the grain grows according to the normal grain growth model.
A tumor-targeting and ROS-responsive iron-based T1magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent for highly specific tumor imaging
Authors: Yan Jincong , Lu Zhongzhong , Xu Mingsheng , Liu Jihuan , Zhang Ye , Yin Jingbo , Cao Yi , Pei Renjun
Published: March 2023

A ROS-responsive Fe(ii)-based T1contrast agent with the function of tumor targeting is highly specific to tumor tissues.
Achieving highly efficient bipolar near-ultraviolet emitters via regulating the energy levels of the excited states by a co-acceptor system
Authors: Sun Yuling , Zhong Daokun , Liu Siqi , Yue Ling , Feng Zhao , Deng Xuming , Chen Xi , Yang Xiaolong , Zhou Guijiang
Published: March 2023

The excited state energy-levels are modulated by a co-acceptor system to promote a blue-shift of the emission.
On the computational difficulty of the terminal connection problem
Authors: de Melo Alexsander A. , de Figueiredo Celina M.H. , Souza Uéverton S.
Published: March 2023

Aconnection treeof a graphGfor aterminal set Wis a tree subgraphTofGsuch that leaves(T) ⊆W⊆V(T). A non-terminal vertex is calledlinkerif its degree inTis exactly 2, and it is calledrouterif its degree inTis at least 3. The Terminal connectionproblem (TCP) asks whetherGadmits a connection tree forWwith at most ℓ linkers and at mostrrouters, while the Steiner treeproblem asks whetherGadmits a connection tree forWwith at mostknon-terminal vertices. We prove that, ifr≥ 1 is fixed, then TCP is polynomial-time solvable when restricted to split graphs. This result separates the complexity of TCP from the complexity of Steiner tree, which is known to be NP-complete on split graphs. Additionally, we prove that TCP is NP-complete on strongly chordal graphs, even ifr≥ 0 is fixed, whereas Steiner treeis known to be polynomial-time solvable. We also prove that, when parameterized by clique-width, TCP is W[1]-hard, whereas STeiner treeis known to be in FPT. On the other hand, agreeing with the complexity of Steiner tree, we prove that TCP is linear-time solvable when restricted to cographs (i.e.graphs of clique-width 2). Finally, we prove that, even if either ℓ ≥ 0 orr≥ 0 is fixed, TCP remains NP-complete on graphs of maximum degree 3.
Dual role of trace elements in magnesium dissolved age hardened A356 alloy on microstructure and peak micro hardness
Authors: Nithesh Kashimata , Nayak Rajesh , Hande Rajarama , Sharma Sathyashankara , Gowri Shankar Mandya Channegowda , Doddapaneni Srinivas
Published: March 2023

The present work reflects the effects of trace addition of copper (up to 1 wt.%) and zinc (0.5 wt.%) on the microstructure and hardness property of heat treated A356 (Al-7Si) alloy. Small amount of zinc and copper was introduced into A356 in both atomic form (alloy) and powder form (composite) and its age hardening behaviour were investigated. To enhance the wettability during composite fabrication and solid solution strengthening in alloys, a small quantity of magnesium (1 wt.%) was added. The main objective of this study is to introduce lower melting point zinc reinforcement into A356 matrix alloy by copper coating of zinc particles and then reinforcing it into A356 matrix. All stir cast specimens were subjected to T6 treatment by solutionizing at 520 °C for 2 h followed by 60 °C water quench and then aging at 100 and 200 °C to determine peak hardness value. Microstructure analysis showed that a minimum 1 wt.% copper was required to form Al2Cu intermetallic phase during solidification resulting in finer grain structure with hardness improvement. Under as-cast conditions, a maximum hardness of 85 VHN was obtained in 1 wt.% copper reinforced composite. Under peak aged conditions, aging at 100 °C showed 116% hardness improvement in 1 wt.% Cu reinforced composite.
On the strong convergence of the Faedo-Galerkin approximations to a strong T-periodic solution of the torso-coupled bidomain model
Authors: Felipe-Sosa Raul , Fraguela-Collar Andres , García-Gómez Yofre H.
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we investigate the convergence of the Faedo-Galerkin approximations, in a strong sense, to a strong T-periodic solution of the torso-coupled bidomain model where T is the period of activation of the inner wall of the heart. First, we define the torso-coupled bidomain operator and prove some of its more important properties for our work. After, we define the abstract evolution system of the equations that are associated with torso-coupled bidomain model and give the definition of a strong solution. We prove that the Faedo-Galerkin’s approximations have the regularity of a strong solution, and we find that some restrictions can be imposed over the initial conditions, so that this sequence of Faedo-Galerkin fully converges to a strong solution of the Cauchy problem. Finally, these results are used for showing the existence a strong T-periodic solution.
Assessment of entrance skin dose for adult patients undergoing diagnostic X-ray examinations in the Souss-Massa region of Morocco
Authors: El Fahssi M. , Semghouli S. , Amaoui B. , Jroundi L. , Çaoui M.
Published: March 2023

The objective of this study is to evaluate the Entrance Skin Dose (ESD), and to establish the Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) for the most common X-ray examinations in adult patients in the Souss-Massa region of Morocco. Data from 720 adult patients in four radiology departments in the Souss-Massa region were collected. The data concerned the following examinations: thorax posterior anterior (PA), unprepared abdominal X-ray, pelvis, hip, cervical spine anterior-posterior (AP) and lateral (Lat), lumbar spine anterior-posterior (AP) and lateral (Lat). The following parameters were reported for each examination: age, weight, patient thickness, voltage (kV), electrical charge (mAs), and the skin source distance. The Entrance Skin Dose and the Diagnostic Reference Levels are calculated for each X-ray examination. DRLs in terms of ESD for the same X-ray examination differ widely from one hospital to another. They ranged from 3 to 14 mGy for the unprepared abdominal X-ray, from 2.6 to 9.4 mGy for the pelvis, from 3.1 to 17 mGy for the hip, from 1 to 49.2 mGy for the cervical spine Lat, from 2 to 32.6 mGy for the lumbar spine AP, and from 18.1 to 50 mGy for the lumbar spine Lat. The variation of doses received by patients in the four hospitals calls into question radiological procedures and practices and calls for a standardization of guidelines for each radiological examination.
Kant’s ethical attitudes in his master’s thesisOn fire
Authors: Lugovoy Sergey
Published: March 2023

The significance of the ethical concepts of Kant, developed in the critical period of his philosophy, goes far beyond the boundaries of the Enlightenment. In theGroundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, the Critique of Practical Reason, The Metaphysics of MoralsKant criticises the most common doctrines of morality in the eighteenth century, including the philosophy of moral sense and the Wolffian ethics. However, almost all of Kant’s life took place in the “Age of Reason”, and his early works fit completely into the cultural context of the Enlightenment. True, a significant part of them is devoted to natural science problems that are not directly related to practical philosophy. In this material it is difficult to identify the ethical foundations which Kant, the natural philosopher, followed and to establish how typical they are for the German Enlightenment of the mideighteenth century. It is similarly difficult to see which of them would continue to be significant for Kant in his mature period. It is advisable to begin with an analysis of Kant’s Master’s thesisOn Fire. As examples of Kant’s ethical attitudes, I can point out: observance of the etiquette norms of writing in the Gallant Century; trust in the geometric method; declaration of distrust of philosophical speculation in itself, combined with the construction of empirically verifiable hypotheses; the desire to establish the truth, synthesising speculative and experimental knowledge.
Kant’s principles of adjudication and execution in the context of the Enlightenment
Authors: Walsh John
Published: March 2023

In the 1770s’ lectures on ethics, Kant distinguishes between two principles of obligation: the principle of adjudication and the principle of execution. The former is the normative standard of moral evaluation, while the latter denotes the incentive for performing an obligatory action. This distinction is significant in that it anticipates Kant’s mature position of combining these two principles, i.e. the moral law later becomes the supreme principle of moral judgment and (via respect) is itself the incentive to moral action. I explicate Kant’s distinction in view of the moral thought of Francis Hutcheson, Adam Smith and Christian Wolff. I challenge the dominant views which interpret Kant’s distinction in connection with Hutcheson and Smith, and argue that it is best understood in relation to Wolff’s conception of obligation. While Hutcheson’s distinction between exciting and justifying reasons is broadly similar to Kant’s distinction, Hutcheson’s account does not centre on the concept of obligation. Furthermore, I argue that Smith’s distinction between the character of virtue and the faculty of the mind by which it is recommended to us does not concern the normative and motivational moments of moral agency, but rather the meta-ethical question of the nature of virtue and the faculty that conditions its appraisal. Finally, I show that Wolff’s conception of obligation involves normative and motivational aspects conceptually similar to Kant’s distinction between the two principles of obligation.
Kant and Spalding on a “righteous man” Spinoza
Authors: Kryshtop Ludmila E.
Published: March 2023

One of the controversial issues of the philosophy of Kant is the question of the role of postulates of practical reason. Their introduction into the practical philosophy of Kant is often criticised since they are regarded as heteronomic elements, violating the autonomy of the will. In the first Critique the heteronomy of these foundations seems to appear more distinctly. By contrast, the third Critique is often regarded as the point where Kant’s ethics finally reaches its maturity. Here Kant finally comes to a formulation of the superfluity of religion for morality. An important passage on which the apologists of such a view rely is the example of a “righteous man (Spinoza [...])” (KU, AA 05: 452) who reveres the moral law but rejects the existence of God. Quite often attention is paid only to the beginning of this fragment. But at the end Kant comes to the conclusion that, although morality as such does not need religion, morality inevitably leads to religion. This passage is also interesting for another reason. We see in it a direct parallel with a text of J.J. Spalding, who considers the same example of an atheist-minded person (Spinoza). And the conclusion is essentially identical to that of Kant. The moral law commands regardless of man’s faith in God. Thus nothing prevents us from presenting a righteous atheist. But in practice this does not occur, since a truly righteous person, in accordance with his inner mood, freely and naturally comes to the idea of God.
Kant and Mendelssohn on the limits of the Enlightenment
Authors: Garibay-Petersen Cristóbal
Published: March 2023

Kant’s conception of the Enlightenment, contrary to Mendelssohn’s, cannot be limited or constrained by designating a special sphere where ‘enlightened’ claims are applicable and another special sphere where ‘enlightened’ claims are not applicable. In contrast to some of the literature, I show that no single domain concerning human affairs is beyond Kant’s conception of the Enlightenment to the extent that no single domain is outside of reason. I show this to be the case by looking, first, at Mendelssohn’s conception of Enlightenment and its links to his understanding of moral progress and conscience. Because ‘Enlightenment’ designates the correct use of one’s own theoretical faculties, it is the task of formation (Bildung) to prevent the Enlightenment from extending beyond its legitimate domain. Thus, for Mendelssohn, the sphere of formation stands in stark opposition to the sphere of Enlightenment. I then look at Kant’s response to the question of what Enlightenment is and show that his deceptively simple answer is in fact underpinned, on the one hand, by a rather complex account of reason’s universality, public nature and communicability and, on the other hand, by a complex account of reason’s historical development. Kant’s conception of Enlightenment, unlike Mendelssohn’s, does not stand in opposition to a practical sphere insofar as Enlightenment designates the process of breaking away from immaturity (Unmündigkeit), a process the scope of which is necessarily unlimited.
A Haskalah story: Kant and Maimon on rational faith
Authors: Lopes Christine
Published: March 2023

In 1789 Salomon Maimon sent Kant, via Markus Herz, the manuscript of his Essay on Transcendental Philosophy (Kant, 1999, pp. 291-294). A surprised Kant replied to Herz: “None of my critics understood me as well as Herr Maimon does” (Kant, 1999, pp. 311-315). Kant’s praise of Maimon makes him a singular figure in the Haskalah, the Jewish Enlightenment. But while the theoretical aspect of Maimon’s criticism of Kant has received increasing attention in recent years, its practical implications remain under-examined. In what follows, I use the notion of rational faith for the purposes of a tentative reconstruction of Maimon’s reading of Kant’s transcendental philosophy that brings together theoretical and practical aspects of the thought of both philosophers. Kant and Maimon shared a project of devising a form of faith that would express rational rather than religious-based morality. Kant argued for a rational moral freedom that is vouched by an infinite intellect that cannot be attributed to humans but more appropriately to God. For Maimon, the answers to the questions What can I know? and What should I do? involve a cognitive and affective process of striving to expand our finite consciousness. This process is the rational expression of God in us.
Moral philosophy as an object of Hegel’s debate with Kant in The Phenomenology of Spirit
Authors: Rumyantseva Tatiana G.
Published: March 2023

The history of Hegel’s critical controversy with Kant’s moral philosophy starts with the Frankfurt period of his work, when Hegel first opposed what he believed to be Kant’s absolutisation of the concept of duty and his neglect of the social content of morality. Although Hegel more than once addressed Kant’s moral philosophy, it is only in “Phenomenology of Spirit” that he formulated a more systemic and radical criticism. The basis of his critical argumentation is an attempt to reveal the main contradiction in Kant’s ethics by showing that the fulfilment of unconditional moral requirements leads to the complete elimination of morality itself. By uncovering the internal contradictions in Kant’s unconditional duty, Hegel demonstrates a certain kind of pragmatism in the interpretation of moral duty and offers instead a religious faith in the transcendental power of “communal” consciousness, which will become a principle that supposedly removes all contradictions of a moral worldview. These debates between the two most prominent classics of German idealism on the issue of whether moral demands are universal in nature or are always socially determined, has not lost its significance even today. This is because they present two substantially different ethical doctrines: one affirms the idea of the autonomy of moral consciousness and its formal unconditional character, while the other assumes that a certain moral duty can be legitimate only under specific socio-historical conditions.
Is the beautiful moral? Lars von Trier, Schiller and Kant on morality of the work of art
Authors: Krioukov Alexei
Published: March 2023

The point of departure is a film by Lars von Trier,The House That Jack Built(2018). The most striking aspect of this film is that Jack has grounds for his actions. By committing a serial murder he is creating a work of art. He has his own primitive philosophy and affirms two theses: firstly,that art is the highest type of human activity and, secondly, that to be moral means to belong to the human herd. In spite of the primitiveness of these theses it is hard to disprove them. The common thesis in the Enlightenment was formulated by Diderot, Shaftesbury, and Winckelmann who claimed that aesthetic education favours morality. Schiller in his work,On the Aesthetic Education of Man(1795), espouses the same view but tries to ground the position in philosophy, showing that beauty is a balance between reality and form. We can explain modern art. If a painter is only interested in the formal aspects, he is producing abstract art and not engaged in the moral aspects at all. Then I turn to Kant’sCritique of the Power of Judgmentand reformulate his categorical imperative from the point of view of aesthetics:Create only according to the principle that the result of your creation will have universal acceptance!We can agree that it will not be achievable because the most important element for every artist is the freedom of creation. I insist that the most appropriate way is to analysegenius as the unifying form of human creative action.
Kant on the use of poetry for moral culture
Authors: Klingner Stefan
Published: March 2023

While in his early writings Kant offers positive evaluations of fine arts as a suitable means of moral culture, in his texts on critical moral philosophy he considers poetry an obstruction in the formation of moral character. However, in the third Critique and in the Anthropology Kant also speaks of the fine arts as having a special, vivifying, and “strengthening” effect on the human mind, which may be of some relevance to moral education. Kant’s observation here, which gives the impression of an inconsistent (or at least immature) position, demands some scrutiny in order to find an initial, preliminary answer to the question of whether (and to what extent) poetry contributes to moral culture. First, I identify Kant’s comments on poetry and, second, I present his conception of moral culture. This allows me then in the third part to consider the question of the contribution of poetry to moral culture. It becomes clear that poetry may be attributed a useful function within the framework of the Kantian conception regarding almost all aspects of moral culture. In each case, Kant presents a sophisticated position which, although it gives poetry the character of a suitable means of moral culture, is sensitive to potential risks and exaggerated expectations.
Kant’s pedagogical thought and current problems of education
Authors: Kornilaev Leonid
Published: March 2023

Reflection on education has a central place in Kantian anthropology. The human being can only become human through education. In my analysis of Kant’s standpoint, I identify the characteristics of education that underlie Kantian anthropology: the exclusive predisposition of humans to education, the duty of a human to be educated, the communicative nature of education, education as a product and goal of humanity, the continuous development of education plans and education as a tool to improve humanity. In interpreting the latter idea, I reveal the specific optimism and pessimism of Kant’s pedagogical thought. Further, I analyse the key characteristics of education to transfer Kantian ideas to the present context. I also reformulate current problems in education in comparison to, and with the help of, Kantian pedagogical ideas. These issues are the correlation between Kant’s pedagogical anthropologism and the problem of artificial intelligence, the transformation of the teacher-student relationship, extended adolescence, personal growth of the educator, the consequences of education digitalisation, the advantages and disadvantages of using the Internet in education, the effect of an information society on education, and the role of the state in education. I conclude that commitment to Kantian principles in contemporary education is nominal rather than substantial and that embracing these principles is complicated by the pervasiveness of modern technology in human life. Overall, Kant’s pedagogical theory is the perfect reference point for an optimistic outlook on education.
Kant’s first published work as a revolt against “dead forces” in the natural evolution
Authors: Gilmanov Vladimir Kh.
Published: March 2023

In the preface to his Thoughts on the True Estimation of Living Forces Kant was unusually bold in stating that now one could be confident enough to disregard Leibniz and Newton as authorities if they impeded acquiring the truth, pointing out that they, too, could be found making mistakes. What force was it that inspired the young Kant to such resolution in his first work dedicated to the common European argument concerning the measure of motion of a physical body? Why did Kant define the motion of “mathematical bodies” as caused by “dead powers” (Leibniz’s definition)? Which praedicabilia, i.e. which a priori disposition of Kant’s mind had become a reason for such a confident beginning? And what is the source for Kant’s decision to acquire the truth rather than constantly keeping to the beaten track? I attempt to explain the disposition of Kant as a kind of eidos-memory and genuine intuition to defend the honour of human reason in its metaphysical mission of organic “vivification” of “dead powers” in opposition to the mechanical systems of his time. In first work Kant shows his amazing intuition regarding the issue of the interaction of mind and physical reality. This question is primarily connected to Kant’s appeal for vivification in his attempt at a new theory of “living forces”, rejected by his contemporaries. This attempt can be reduced to the disproof of the principle of absolute determinism, which, contrary to Kant, has become the basis of the paradigm of modern natural science. This paradigm in relation to Kant may become the cause of the “unnatural end of all things”.
Kant’s concept of madness, psychiatry and anti-psychiatry
Authors: Polianskii Dmitrii V.
Published: March 2023

Critics of psychiatry (or “anti-psychiatrists”) such as philosopher
Michel Foucault, sociologist Erving Goffman and physician Ronald David Laing tend to view psychiatry as a form of social control, one of the state institutions of oppression. The concept of “norm” in relation to mental health is understood as culturally conditioned. Psychiatry is used to isolate and “stigmatise” the carriers of non-normative rationality, individuals with different states of mind and patterns of behaviour. Kant has no objections to the practice of forced treatment of the insane, assuming they are declared incompetent. At the same time, Kant considers it necessary to entrust the very procedure of declaring a person incompetent not to medical professionals, but to philosophers. This is due to the fact that Kant sees mental illness as a breakdown, a weakness in cognitive abilities. Kant shares the modernist ideal of a single normative rationality, which is the basis of moral abilities and a guarantee of personal autonomy. In contrast, anti-psychiatry proceeds from the postmodern idea of the diversity of forms of rationality, or refuses entirely to evaluate reason (sanity) as an essential attribute of human nature, thereby justifying the irrational and non-rational aspects of human existence. From this perspective, insane people appear as stigmatised carriers of alternative, non-normative rationality. Accordingly, such people should be protected from any medical coercion, because doctors, when making their decisions, proceed from culturally conditioned criteria of rationality and from a very relative and changing psychiatric norm.
Friend or Foe? The fascinating Tudor-SN protein
Authors: Gao Xingjie , Xin Lingbiao , Yao Zhi , Silvennoinen Olli , Yang Jie
Published: March 2023

Tudor-SN (Tudor staphylococcal nuclease), also known as p100 or SND1 (Staphylococcal nuclease and Tudor domain containing 1), is a structurally conserved protein with diverse functions. Emerging evidence indicates that Tudor-SN plays an essential role in both physiological and pathological processes. Under physiological conditions, Tudor-SN regulates DNA transcription, RNA splicing, RNA stability, RNA interference, and RNA editing, and it is essential for a series of cellular biological events, such as cell cycle progression, cell metabolism, and cell survival, in response to harmful stimuli; thus, Tudor-SN functions as a “friend” to the body. However, Tudor-SN is highly expressed in most tumor cells. As an oncoprotein, Tudor-SN is closely associated with the initiation, development, and metastasis of tumors; thus, Tudor-SN functions as a “foe” to the body. What is the potential mechanism by which Tudor-SN switches from its role as “friend” to its role as “foe”? In this study, we review and summarize the available evidence regarding Tudor-SN protein structure, expression, modification, and mutation to present a novel model of Tudor-SN role switching. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the functional significance of the Tudor-SN protein under physiological and pathological conditions as well as corresponding therapeutic strategies that target Tudor-SN.
Inhibition of MicroRNA-122-5p Relieves Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via SOCS1
Authors: Zhang Jun , Fu Li , Zhang Jing , Zhou Bo , Tang Yanrong , Zhang Zhenzhen , Gu Tongqing
Published: March 2023

Objective Evidence has shown that microRNA (miR)-122–5p is a diagnostic biomarker of acute myocardial infarction. Here, we aimed to uncover the functions of miR-122–5p in the pathological process of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MI/RI).

Methods An MI/RI model was established by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation in mice. The levels of miR-122–5p, suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS1), phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 (p-JAK2), and signal transducers and activators of transcription (p-STAT3) in the myocardial tissues of mice were measured. Downregulated miR-122–5p or upregulated SOCS1 recombinant adenovirus vectors were injected into mice before MI/RI modeling. The cardiac function, inflammatory response, myocardial infarction area, pathological damage, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the myocardial tissues of mice were evaluated. Cardiomyocytes were subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury and cardiomyocyte biological function was tested upon transfection of miR-122–5p inhibitor. The target relation between miR-122–5p and SOCS1 was evaluated.

Results miR-122–5p expression and p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 expression were high, and SOCS1 expression was low in the myocardial tissues of MI/RI mice. Decreasing miR-122–5p or increasing SOCS1 expression inactivated the JAK2/STAT3 pathway to alleviate MI/RI by improving cardiac function and reducing inflammatory reaction, myocardial infarction area, pathological damage, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in mice. Silencing of SOCS1 reversed depleted miR-122–5p-induced cardioprotection for MI/RI mice. In vitro experiments revealed that the downregulation of miR-122–5p induced proliferative, migratory, and invasive capabilities of H/R cardiomyocytes while inhibiting apoptosis. Mechanically, SOCS1 was a target gene of miR-122–5p.

Conclusion Our study summarizes that inhibition of miR-122–5p induces SOCS1 expression, thereby relieving MI/RI in mice.
Bernard-Soulier Syndrome from the Perspective of the Obstetrician: A
Case Report with a Review of the Literature
Authors: Sarıdoğan Erdinç , Onat Taylan , Arda Düz Senem , Tuncay Görkem , Abdurahmanova Nuray , Orujova Lumayat , Karaer Abdullah
Published: March 2023

Objective Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) is one of the rare inherited
platelet disorders that is characterized by macrothrombocytopenia and adhesion
abnormality due to the absence or malfunctioning of the membrane GPIb-IX-V
complex. There is no high-quality evidence on obstetric management of BSS owing
to its rarity. Here we report an uncomplicated delivery of an adolescent with
BSS and review the literature on the topic of BSS and pregnancy.

Methods PUBMED, EMBASE, COCHRANE, and Google Scholar databases were
searched up to April 2022 without language and year restriction using the terms
“Bernard Soulier” and “Pregnancy”. The primary
objectives were to evaluate maternal and fetal outcomes. The secondary
objectives were to analyze pregnancy complications, gestational age at delivery,
mode of delivery, administered prophylaxis, treatment approaches, duration of
postpartum hospitalization, and the postpartum requirement of blood and blood
product.

Results The patient was a 19-year-old and 39-week pregnant woman who was
diagnosed with BSS at the age of 10 by flow cytometry and genetic analysis.
Single donor platelet transfusions and oral tranexamic acid were administered as
prophylaxis at the peripartum period. She was delivered by cesarean section due
to failure of labor. The postpartum period was uneventful for both mother and
neonate. In the literature review, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) was found in
52.9% (27/51) of deliveries. Late PPH occurred more frequently
than early PPH (35.3 and 31.4%, respectively). 49%
(25/51) of pregnancies had severe thrombocytopenia, and antepartum
hemorrhage was observed in 11.8% (6/51) of those. The platelet
count was in close relation to antenatal complications. 64.7%
(33/51) of the patients were delivered via cesarean section. PPH and
late PPH were found to be more common in those who delivered vaginally compared
to those who delivered by caesarean section. It was observed that PPH was less
common in women who were given prophylaxis in the peripartum period.

Conclusion BSS is an inherited macro-thrombocytopathy that may cause
adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. The optimal mode and timing of delivery
remain unclear. A multidisciplinary approach with prophylaxis at the peripartum
period should be applied.
A Mn(II)-Catalyzed Tandem Oxidative Cleavage and Ammoxidation of Alcohols to Primary Amides
Authors: Li Dongmei , Gao Shuang , Zhao Kaili , Xie Fukai
Published: March 2023

The cleavage/functionalization of C–C bonds in alcohols has emerged as a robust tool for exploration of new conversion. Herein, a Mn(OAc)2-catalyzed oxidative cleavage/ammoxidation of a wide range of alcohols to amides has been developed. The practicality of this transformation was demonstrated by a scale-up experiment and an amidation of mixed alcohols in a one-pot fashion. Moreover, a plausible mechanism was proposed based on a series of control experiments.
Social Media: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly
Authors: Mesiti Andrea M. , Yeo Heather L.
Published: March 2023

The use of social media platforms in a professional capacity has grown and presents unique opportunities for women surgeons. Women surgeons face unique obstacles and challenges compared with their male counterparts. Social media has helped women surgeons create an online community and has provided opportunities for mentorship and professional advancement. In addition, it has helped break down traditional constructs of what it means to be a surgeon and allowed the medical community and public to view images of a modern surgeon. Social media has played an important role in continually increasing efforts to diversify the field of surgery and break down traditional stereotypes associated with surgeons. However, there are some downsides of social media that women surgeons need to be aware of, particularly, the risk of harassment, criticism, and potentially harmful online reviews.
Diagnostic Uncertainties: Chorea
Authors: Cincotta Molly C. , Walker Ruth H.
Published: March 2023

Chorea is a hyperkinetic movement disorder with a multitude of potential etiologies, both acquired and inherited. Although the differential diagnosis for new-onset chorea is extensive, there are often clues in the history, exam, and basic testing that can help to narrow the options. Evaluation for treatable or reversible causes should take priority, as rapid diagnosis can lead to more favorable outcomes. While Huntington's disease is most common genetic cause of chorea, multiple phenocopies also exist and should be considered if Huntington gene testing is negative. The decision of what additional genetic testing to pursue should be based on both clinical and epidemiological factors. The following review provides an overview of the many possible etiologies as well as a practical approach for a patient presenting with new-onset chorea.
Fertility and Pregnancy: How Do These Affect Family Planning and Surgeon Health?
Authors: Stefanou Amalia J.
Published: March 2023

There are unique considerations to fertility and pregnancy for women surgeons. Women surgeons often decide to delay pregnancy and childbearing due to concerns of conflict with work and training. This is particularly true for surgical trainees who face many obstacles, including bias from peers and program directors, and work–life conflict. As such, rates of infertility are higher compared with the general population. Women surgeons require assisted reproductive technologies more often than the general population. During pregnancy, there are also additional occupational hazards that are unique to a surgical career. Overall, we must be aware of these issues to support surgeons who decide to become parents during a surgical career.