bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-Benefiting in the Allocation of Scarce Resources: Leader-Follower Effects and the Moderating Effect of Social Value Orientations
Authors: van Dijk Eric , De Cremer David
Published: September 2006

Previous research on the allocation of scarce resources suggests that people who are assigned to higher positions (e.g., leaders) are more likely to make self-benefiting allocations than people who are assigned to lower positions (e.g., followers). In this article, the authors investigated the proposition that these findings would be moderated by people's social value orientations. In two experimental studies, the authors assigned participants either to the role of leader or follower and assessed the participants' social value orientations. In agreement with predictions, the findings show that position effects are moderated by social value orientation. Social value orientations only affected the allocation behavior of the leaders: Proself leaders allocated more resources to themselves than did prosocial leaders. Additional analyses indicate that these effects are mediated by feelings of entitlement.
Automatic Activation of Attachment-Related Goals
Authors: Gillath Omri , Mikulincer Mario , Fitzsimons Grainne M. , Shaver Phillip R. , Schachner Dory A. , Bargh John A.
Published: September 2006

When people encounter threats, their attachment systems are activated and they become motivated to seek protection and support through proximity to their attachment figures. Theoretically, therefore, mental representations of attachment figures should be associated with goals related to attaining proximity and safety. The present studies explore this idea by examining the effects of a person's chronic attachment style and exposure to a particular attachment figure's name on the automatic activation of attachment-related goals. Studies 1 and 2 examine effects of exposure to the name of a security-providing attachment figure on willingness to self-disclose and seek support (two behaviors related to gaining proximity). Study 3 examines how exposure to names of different relationship partners (with whom a participant has felt secure, anxious, or avoidant) affects the mental accessibility of attachment-related goal words. Taken together, the studies support the idea that mental representations of attachment figures are associated with attachment-related goals.
When Is Being Known or Adored by Romantic Partners Most Beneficial? Self-Perceptions, Relationship Length, and Responses to Partner's Verifying and Enhancing Appraisals
Authors: Campbell Lorne , Lackenbauer Sandra D. , Muise Amy
Published: September 2006

An experiment tested the hypothesis that relationship length moderates preferences for both verifying and enhancing appraisals from romantic partners, particularly for people with negative self-perceptions. One hundred and three romantically involved couples participated in this research. Participants with both negative and positive self-perceptions were randomly assigned to receive either verifying or enhancing feedback ostensibly created through comparison of their self-ratings and their partner's appraisals. The critical test was for those with negative self-ratings who received verifying feedback. For these participants, results revealed that those in longer relationships felt their partners were seeing the best in them more than did those in shorter relationships, whereas the opposite pattern of results was observed for those who were enhanced. Individuals with negative self-ratings who were verified also reported greater feelings of intimacy in the relationship when in long-term relationships. The importance of relationship length in moderating responses to partner's appraisals is discussed.
Nice Guys Finish First: The Competitive Altruism Hypothesis
Authors: Hardy Charlie L. , Van Vugt Mark
Published: September 2006

Three experimental studies examined the relationship between altruistic behavior and the emergence of status hierarchies within groups. In each study, group members were confronted with a social dilemma in which they could either benefit themselves or their group. Study 1 revealed that in a reputation environment when contributions were public, people were more altruistic. In both Studies 1 and 2, the most altruistic members gained the highest status in their group and were most frequently preferred as cooperative interaction partners. Study 3 showed that as the costs of altruism increase, the status rewards also increase. These results support the premise at the heart of competitive altruism: Individuals may behave altruistically for reputation reasons because selective benefits (associated with status) accrue to the generous.
New Organizational Forms, Human Resource Management and Structural Convergence? A Study of Japanese Organizations
Authors: Morris Jonathan , Hassard John , McCann Leo
Published: September 2006

The prolonged, 10-year, economic downturn in Japan has had far-reaching implications for structure and human resource management (HRM) practices in Japanese organizations. In particular, the demise of hierarchical and group structures has been predicted, together with the end of distinctive HRM features such as lifetime employment and seniority-based pay. Using interview-based empirical data with a variety of Japanese organizations, this paper argues that such organizations are indeed moving towards flatter, less hierarchical structures. Moreover, there are marked shifts in HRM practices. In particular, the seniority-based pay system has been subject to reform. However, other practices have proved considerably more robust than the popular literature would suggest. For example, the lifetime employment system, although under significant pressure, remains largely intact. Indeed, we will argue that certain other key practices are being sacrificed to maintain job security.
Enterprising Identities: Female Entrepreneurs of Moroccan or Turkish Origin in the Netherlands
Authors: Essers Caroline , Benschop Yvonne
Published: September 2006

This paper explores the complex processes of identity construction of female ethnic minority entrepreneurs. Informed by discursive approaches to identity, we make an intersectional analysis of five life stories of female entrepreneurs of Moroccan or Turkish origin in the Netherlands. Being female, Turkish or Moroccan, and entrepreneur at the same time requires various strategies to negotiate identities with different constituencies. These strategies of identity work vary in the degree of conformity: one type is to mainly adhere to conventional images of femininity, a second one is to denounce femininity and/or ethnicity situationally, and the third is to resist the masculine connotation of entrepreneurship by disconnecting it from masculinity. Our focus on this hitherto neglected group of entrepreneurs makes for a situated contribution to the deconstruction of the entrepreneurial archetype of the white male hero. It furthers the understanding of the micropolitics of identity construction in the workplace in relation to the social categories of gender, ethnicity and entrepreneurship.
Homocysteine lowering by B vitamins and the secondary prevention of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial
Authors: den Heijer Martin , Willems Huub P. J. , Blom Henk J. , Gerrits Wim B. J. , Cattaneo Marco , Eichinger Sabine , Rosendaal Frits R. , Bos Gerard M. J.
Published: September 2006

The Vitamins and Thrombosis (VITRO) study investigated the effect of homocysteine lowering by daily supplementation of B vitamins on the risk reduction of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Patients between 20 to 80 years old with a first objectively confirmed proximal DVT or PE in the absence of major risk factors and a homocysteine concentration above the 75th percentile of a reference group were asked to participate (hyperhomocysteinemic group). A similar study was conducted in a random sample of patients with a homocysteine below the 75th percentile of the reference group (normohomocysteinemic group). After informed consent was obtained, patients were randomized to daily multivitamin supplementation (5 mg folic acid, 50 mg pyridoxine, and 0.4 mg cyanocobalamin) or placebo and were followed for 2.5 years. End points were objectively diagnosed recurrent DVT or PE. A total of 701 patients were enrolled (360 in the hyperhomocysteinemic and 341 in the normohomocysteinemic group). The number of recurrent events of venous thrombosis was 43 of 353 in the vitamin group (54/1000 py) and 50 of 348 in the placebo group (64/1000 py). The hazard ratio associated with vitamin treatment was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.56-1.26): 1.14 (95% CI, 0.65-1.98) in the hyperhomocysteinemic group and 0.58 (95% CI, 0.31-1.07) in the normohomocysteinemic group. The results of our study do not show that homocysteine lowering by B vitamin supplementation prevents recurrent venous thrombosis. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00314990.
Reversal of cardiac complications by deferiprone and deferoxamine combination therapy in a patient affected by a severe type of juvenile hemochromatosis (JH)
Authors: Fabio Giovanna , Minonzio Francesca , Delbini Paola , Bianchi Annamaria , Cappellini Maria Domenica
Published: September 2006

Juvenile hemochromatosis (JH) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of iron metabolism, genetically heterogeneous. In JH, symptomatic organ involvement occurs as early as the second decade of life. Heart failure and/or arrhythmias are the most frequent causes of death. Phlebotomy is the safest, most effective, and most economic therapeutic approach in hemochromatosis patients but is not indicated during the treatment of severe congestive heart failure with unstable hemodynamic status. The treatment of iron overload in these prohibitive clinical situations has to be carried out using iron chelators. We report a case of heart failure in the setting of unrecognized juvenile hemochromatosis successfully treated by the simultaneous administration of deferoxamine and deferiprone. To our knowledge, this is the first patient affected by JH treated with combined chelation regimen.
Phase 2 trial of oral vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA) for refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL)
Authors: Duvic Madeleine , Talpur Rakshandra , Ni Xiao , Zhang Chunlei , Hazarika Parul , Kelly Cecilia , Chiao Judy H. , Reilly John F. , Ricker Justin L. , Richon Victoria M. , Frankel Stanley R.
Published: September 2006

The activity and safety of the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA) were evaluated in patients with refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Group 1 received vorinostat 400 mg daily, group 2 received vorinostat 300 mg twice daily for 3 days with 4 days rest, and group 3 received vorinostat 300 mg twice daily for 14 days with 7 days rest followed by 200 mg twice daily. Treatment continued until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. The primary objective was to determine the complete and partial response (PR) rate. Time to response (TTR), time to progressive disease (TTP), response duration (DOR), pruritus relief, and safety were determined. Thirty-three patients who had received a median of 5 prior therapies were enrolled. Eight patients achieved a PR, including 7 with advanced disease and 4 with Sézary syndrome. The median TTR, DOR, and TTP for responders were 11.9, 15.1, and 30.2 weeks, respectively. Fourteen of 31 evaluable patients had pruritus relief. The most common drug-related AEs were fatigue, thrombocytopenia, diarrhea, and nausea. The most common grade 3 or 4 drug-related AEs were thrombocytopenia and dehydration. Vorinostat demonstrated activity in heavily pretreated patients with CTCL. The 400 mg daily regimen had the most favorable safety profile and is being further evaluated.
Homozygous deletions localize novel tumor suppressor genes in B-cell lymphomas
Authors: Mestre-Escorihuela Cinta , Rubio-Moscardo Fanny , Richter Jose A. , Siebert Reiner , Climent Joan , Fresquet Vicente , Beltran Elena , Agirre Xabier , Marugan Isabel , Marín Miguel , Rosenwald Andreas , Sugimoto Kei-ji , Wheat Luise M. , Karran E. Loraine , García Juan F. , Sanchez Lydia , Prosper Felipe , Staudt Louis M. , Pinkel Daniel , Dyer Martin J. S. , Martinez-Climent Jose A.
Published: September 2006

Integrative genomic and gene-expression analyses have identified amplified oncogenes in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), but the capability of such technologies to localize tumor suppressor genes within homozygous deletions remains unexplored. Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and gene-expression microarray analysis of 48 cell lines derived from patients with different B-NHLs delineated 20 homozygous deletions at 7 chromosome areas, all of which contained tumor suppressor gene targets. Further investigation revealed that only a fraction of primary biopsies presented inactivation of these genes by point mutation or intragenic deletion, but instead some of them were frequently silenced by epigenetic mechanisms. Notably, the pattern of genetic and epigenetic inactivation differed among B-NHL subtypes. Thus, the P53-inducible PIG7/LITAF was silenced by homozygous deletion in primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma and by promoter hypermethylation in germinal center lymphoma, the proapoptotic BIM gene presented homozygous deletion in mantle cell lymphoma and promoter hypermethylation in Burkitt lymphoma, the proapoptotic BH3-only NOXA was mutated and preferentially silenced in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and INK4c/P18 was silenced by biallelic mutation in mantle-cell lymphoma. Our microarray strategy has identified novel candidate tumor suppressor genes inactivated by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that substantially vary among the B-NHL subtypes.
Lenalidomide and dexamethasone in the treatment of AL amyloidosis: results of a phase 2 trial
Authors: Sanchorawala Vaishali , Wright Daniel G. , Rosenzweig Michael , Finn Kathleen T. , Fennessey Salli , Zeldis Jerome B. , Skinner Martha , Seldin David C.
Published: September 2006

In immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis, amyloid fibril deposits derived from immunoglobulin light chains produced by a clonal plasma cell dyscrasia accumulate in tissues and damage vital organs. Treatment regimens used in multiple myeloma can be effective in AL amyloidosis; however, patients with this disease often tolerate these regimens poorly because of multisystem organ dysfunction. Thalidomide and lenalidomide have both been shown to be effective in myeloma. In this report, we describe results of a phase 2 trial of the use of lenalidomide, as a single agent and in combination with dexamethasone, for the treatment of AL amyloidosis. Thirty-four patients with AL amyloidosis, most with prior therapies, were enrolled in the trial. The initial dose of lenalidomide used (25 mg/d) was poorly tolerated; however, a reduced dose of 15 mg/d was generally well tolerated. Of 24 evaluable patients, 7 (29%) achieved a hematologic complete response and 9 (38%) achieved a partial hematologic response, for an overall hematologic response rate of 67%. Hematologic responses were also associated with clinical responses. Fatigue and myelosuppression were the most common treatment-related adverse events (35%), while thromboembolic complications (9%) were the most serious. Findings from this trial indicate that lenalidomide can be effective in treating AL amyloidosis.
Increased surveillance of cells in mitosis by human NK cells suggests a novel strategy for limiting tumor growth and viral replication
Authors: Nolte–'t Hoen Esther N. M. , Almeida Catarina R. , Cohen Nadia R. , Nedvetzki Shlomo , Yarwood Helen , Davis Daniel M.
Published: September 2006

The threat from cancer cells is inherently linked to cell-cycle progression, and viral genomes commonly replicate, for example, within episomes or proviruses, during mitosis. We report here that human natural killer (NK) cells bound cells in mitosis and attacked pathogenic cells in mitosis more effectively than the same cells in other stages of the cell cycle. Thus, cells in mitosis warrant and undergo heightened surveillance, a novel strategy for immunologic assessment of danger. Recognition of cells in mitosis involved ligation of activating NK-cell receptors and binding to target-cell hyaluronan, a component of the pericellular matrix known to be increased during mitosis. Direct interaction between activating NK-cell receptors and hyaluronan is possible, but other mechanisms consistent with our data are also discussed.
A CD34+ human cell line model of myeloid dendritic cell differentiation: evidence for a CD14+CD11b+ Langerhans cell precursor
Authors: Santegoets Saskia J A M , Masterson Allan J , van der Sluis Pieter C , Lougheed Sinéad M , Fluitsma Donna M , van den Eertwegh Alfons J M , Pinedo Herbert M , Scheper Rik J , de Gruijl Tanja D
Published: September 2006

The study of early events in dendritic cell (DC) differentiation is hampered by the lack of homogeneous primary cell systems that allow the study of cytokine-driven, transitional DC differentiation steps. The CD34+ acute myeloid leukemia cell line MUTZ-3 displays a unique ability to differentiate into interstitial DC (IDC) and Langerhans cells (LC) in a cytokine-dependent manner. Phenotypic characterization revealed MUTZ-3 to consist of three distinct subpopulations. Small CD34+CD14−CD11b− progenitors constitute the proliferative compartment of the cell line with the ability to differentiate through a CD34−CD14−CD11b+ stage to ultimately give rise to a morphologically large, nonproliferating CD14+CD11bhi progeny. These CD14+CD11bhi cells were identified as common, immediate myeloid DC precursors with the ability to differentiate into LC and IDC, exhibiting characteristic and mutually exclusive expression of Langerin and DC-specific ICAM-grabbing nonintegrin, respectively. The identity of the MUTZ-3-derived LC subset was confirmed further by the presence of Birbeck granules. We conclude that the MUTZ-3 cell line provides a ready and continuous supply of common myeloid precursors, which should facilitate further study of the ontogeny of myeloid DC lineages.
The Fps/Fes kinase regulates the inflammatory response to endotoxin through down-regulation of TLR4, NF-κB activation, and TNF-α secretion in macrophages
Authors: Parsons Sean A , Greer Peter A
Published: September 2006

Fps/Fes and Fer are members of a distinct subfamily of cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases that have recently been implicated in the regulation of innate immunity. Previous studies showed that mice lacking Fps/Fes are hypersensitive to systemic LPS challenge, and Fer-deficient mice displayed enhanced recruitment of leukocytes in response to local LPS challenge. This study identifies physiological, cellular, and molecular defects that contribute to the hyperinflammatory phenotype in Fps/Fes null mice. Plasma TNF-α levels were elevated in LPS challenged Fps/Fes null mice as compared with wild-type mice and cultured Fps/Fes null peritoneal macrophages treated with LPS showed increased TNF-α production. Cultured Fps/Fes null macrophages also displayed prolonged LPS-induced degradation of IκB-α, increased phosphorylation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB, and defective TLR4 internalization, compared with wild-type macrophages. Together, these observations provide a likely mechanistic basis for elevated proinflammatory cytokine secretion by Fps/Fes null macrophages and the increased sensitivity of Fps/Fes null mice to endotoxin. We posit that Fps/Fes modulates the innate immune response of macrophages to LPS, in part, by regulating internalization and down-regulation of the TLR4 receptor complex.
Increased Tumor Growth in Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity: Impact of Ovarian Hormones
Authors: Yakar Shoshana , Nunez Nomeli P. , Pennisi Patricia , Brodt Pnina , Sun Hui , Fallavollita Lucia , Zhao Hong , Scavo Louis , Novosyadlyy Ruslan , Kurshan Naamit , Stannard Bethel , East-Palmer Joyce , Smith Nicole C. P. , Perkins Susan N. , Fuchs-Young Robin , Barrett J. Carl , Hursting Stephen D. , LeRoith Derek
Published: September 2006

Obesity increases the risk of many cancers in both males and females. This study describes a link between obesity, obesity-associated metabolic alterations, and the risk of developing cancer in male and female mice. The goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship between gender and obesity and to determine the role of estrogen status in obese females and its effect on tumor growth. We examined the susceptibility of C57BL/6 mice to diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance/glucose intolerance, and tumors. Mice were injected sc with one of two tumorigenic cell lines, Lewis lung carcinoma, or mouse colon 38-adenocarcinoma. Results show that tumor growth rate was increased in obese mice vs. control mice irrespective of the tumor cell type. To investigate the effect of estrogen status on tumor development in obese females, we compared metabolic parameters and tumor growth in ovariectomized (ovx) and intact obese female mice. Obese ovx female mice developed insulin resistance and glucose intolerance similar to that observed in obese males. Our results demonstrate that body adiposity increased in ovx females irrespective of the diet administered and that tumor growth correlated positively with body adiposity. Overall, these data point to more rapid tumor growth in obese mice and suggest that endogenous sex steroids, together with diet, affect adiposity, insulin sensitivity, and tumor growth in female mice.
Igf2 Deficiency Results in Delayed Lung Development at the End of Gestation
Authors: Silva Delia , Venihaki Maria , Guo Wei-Hui , Lopez Mary Frances
Published: September 2006

IGF-II is a polypeptide hormone with structural homology to insulin and IGF-I. IGF-II plays an important role in fetal growth as mice with targeted disruption of the IGF-II gene (Igf2) exhibit severe growth retardation. The role of IGFs in the fetal lung has been suggested by several studies, including those that have identified IGF mRNA expression, and that of their receptors and binding proteins in the lungs at different stages of development. In this study, we used mice carrying a null mutation of Igf2 (Igf2−/− mice) to determine whether the absence of IGF-II had any effect in fetal lung maturation. Our results showed that the lungs of Igf2−/− fetuses had thicker alveolar septae and poorly organized alveoli when compared with those of Igf2+/+ on d 17.5 and 18.5 of gestation. These morphological alterations may be the result of exposure to lower levels of glucocorticoids because plasma corticosterone levels were significantly lower in Igf2−/− mothers compared with wild-type controls. In support of this, fetuses from homozygous knockout matings, where mothers were treated with 15 μg/ml corticosterone, and Igf2−/− fetuses obtained from heterozygous matings had similar lung histology to those of wild-type fetuses. Finally, we found that IGF-I and SP-B mRNA levels were up-regulated in the lungs of Igf2−/− fetuses at the end of gestation. This study suggests that Igf2 plays an important role in the development of the fetal lung and may affect fetal lung maturation by regulating maternal factors, such as corticosterone levels, during pregnancy.
Selenium-Dependent Pre- and Posttranscriptional Mechanisms Are Responsible for Sexual Dimorphic Expression of Selenoproteins in Murine Tissues
Authors: Riese Cornelia , Michaelis Marten , Mentrup Birgit , Götz Franziska , Köhrle Josef , Schweizer Ulrich , Schomburg Lutz
Published: September 2006

Important enzymes for thyroid hormone metabolism, antioxidative defense, and intracellular redox control contain selenocysteine (Sec) in their active centers. Expression of these selenoproteins is tightly controlled, and a sex-specific phenotype is observed on disturbance of selenium (Se) transport in mice. Therefore, we analyzed Se concentrations and expression levels of several selenoproteins including type I iodothyronine deiodinase (Dio1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) isozymes in male and female mice. On regular lab chow, serum Se levels were comparable, but serum GPx3 activity was higher in females than males (1.3-fold). Selenoprotein P (SePP) mRNA levels were higher in livers (1.3-fold) and lower in kidneys (to 31%) in female compared with male mice. Orchidectomy alleviated the sex-specific differences in SePP mRNA amounts, indicating modulatory effects of androgens on SePP expression. Female mice expressed higher levels of Dio1 mRNA in kidney (2.6-fold) and liver (1.4-fold) in comparison with male mice. This sexual dimorphic expression of Dio1 mRNA was paralleled by increased Dio1 activity in female kidney (1.8-fold) but not in liver in which males expressed higher Dio1 activity (2.8-fold). Interestingly, Se deficiency decreased Dio1 activity more effectively in males than females, and resulting hepatic enzyme levels were then comparable between the sexes. At the same time, the sex-specific difference of Dio1 activity widened in kidney. Orchidectomy or estradiol treatment of ovariectomized females impacted stronger on renal than hepatic Dio1 expression. Thus, we conclude that Se-dependent posttranscriptional mechanisms are operational that affect either translational efficiency or Dio1 stability in a sex- and tissue-specific manner.
Human Homologs of the Putative G Protein-Coupled Membrane Progestin Receptors (mPRα, β, and γ) Localize to the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Are Not Activated by Progesterone
Authors: Krietsch Tom , Fernandes Maria Sofia , Kero Jukka , Lösel Ralf , Heyens Maria , Lam Eric W.-F. , Huhtaniemi Ilpo , Brosens Jan J. , Gellersen Birgit
Published: September 2006

The steroid hormone progesterone exerts pleiotrophic functions in many cell types. Although progesterone controls transcriptional activation through binding to its nuclear receptors, it also initiates rapid nongenomic signaling events. Recently, three putative membrane progestin receptors (mPRα, β, and γ) with structural similarity to G protein-coupled receptors have been identified. These mPR isoforms are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and belong to the larger, highly conserved family of progestin and adiponectin receptors found in plants, eubacteria, and eukaryotes. The fish mPRα has been reported to mediate progesterone-dependent MAPK activation and inhibition of cAMP production through coupling to an inhibitory G protein. To functionally characterize the human homologs, we established human embryonic kidney 293 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines that stably express human mPRα, β, or γ. For comparison, we also established cell lines expressing the mPRα cloned from the spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) and Japanese pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes). Surprisingly, we found no evidence that human or fish mPRs regulate cAMP production or MAPK (ERK1/2 or p38) activation upon progesterone stimulation. Furthermore, the mPRs did not couple to a highly promiscuous G protein subunit, Gαq5i, in transfection studies or provoke Ca2+ mobilization in response to progesterone. Finally, we demonstrate that transfected mPRs, as well as endogenous human mPRα, localize to the endoplasmic reticulum, and that their expression does not lead to increased progestin binding either in membrane preparations or in intact cells. Our results therefore do not support the concept that mPRs are plasma membrane receptors involved in transducing nongenomic progesterone actions.
The Role of Interleukin-11 in Pregnancy Involves Up-Regulation of α2-Macroglobulin Gene through Janus Kinase 2-Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Pathway in the Decidua
Authors: Bao Lei , Devi Sangeeta , Bowen-Shauver Jennifer , Ferguson-Gottschall Susan , Robb Lorraine , Gibori Geula
Published: September 2006

IL-11 expressed by endometrial stromal cells is crucial for normal pregnancy. IL-11 receptor α (IL-11Rα) null mice are infertile due to abnormal development of the placenta. In these mice, the mesometrial decidual tissue, which is the site of trophoblast invasion, thins and disappears at mid-pregnancy. Degeneration of the decidua is accompanied by uncontrolled trophoblast invasion. In this report, we show, using IL-11Rα null mice, that a defect in IL-11 signaling in the decidua leads to severe down-regulation of α2-macroglobulin (α2-MG), a metalloproteinase inhibitor crucial for limiting trophoblast invasion. We also present evidence, using uterine stromal cells that decidualize in culture, that IL-11 robustly stimulates the endogenous α2-MG expression and enhances α2-MG promoter activity. Serial 5′ deletion and internal deletion of the promoter reveal two important signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) binding sites. Mutation of either one of these motifs decreases IL-11 stimulation, whereas double mutation prevents IL-11 action. We also found that IL-11 activates Janus kinase 2 (Jak2) and induces rapid phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and promoter binding activity of Stat3 in decidual cells, whereas Jak1, Tyk2, and Stat5 activities are not affected. In addition, Jak2 inhibitor totally prevents α2-MG expression in decidual cells. Taken together, results of this investigation provide, at least in part, an explanation for the overinvasiveness of the trophoblast in IL-11Rα null mice and reveal, for the first time, that IL-11 signals through the Jak2/Stat3 pathway in decidual cells to stimulate the expression of α2-MG, a protease inhibitor essential for normal placentation in pregnancy.
Laryngeal cysts — Their surgical management
Authors: Van Water Frank W. De
Published: September 2006

Congenital cysts of the larynx, recently named lateral saccular cysts by DeSanto, arise in one of three ways. They may be derivatives of the third visceral pouch, developmental abnormalities incurred during canalization of epithelial Primordium of the laryngeal ventricle and saccule, or form from epithelial buds sequestered during saccular development.

The cysts may become symptomatic at any time from birth to adulthood. The symptoms vary from relatively mild to severe, and consist of vocal changes respiratory distress and deglutatory difficulties. Severe symptoms are usually seen in the infant, and the symptoms in the infant usually become manifest prior to the third or fourth month.

A majority of reported cases have been post mortem examinations. Modern medical techniques provide early diagnosis and ease of management of this rare but salvageable problem. Endoscopic stripping of the cyst wall in infants appears to be a satisfactory approach with immediate resolution. An external approach to the large, usually scarred cysts of adults is recommended. The lateral thyrotomy approach to the pre‐epiglottic and paraglottic space provides excellent access with minimal long term postoperative laryngeal dysfunction.

Three representative cases are presented in the body of the paper; a neonate requiring immediate airway, an infant age three months with progressive symptoms, and a young adult vocalist who became symptomatic following an upper respiratory infection and postoperatively was able to continue singing.
The results of laryngeal release, tracheal mobilization and resection for tracheal stenosis in 19 patients
Authors: Dedo Herbert H. , Fishman Noel H.
Published: September 2006

We have now used the procedure in 19 patients with high and mid‐tracheal stenosis which measured up to 3‐4 cm in length. Only one recurrent nerve was paralyzed by the surgery. Two patients with severe lung disease expired after surgery from respiratory failure. Three patients restenosed and required replacement of a tracheotomy. The remaining 14 patients have had no evidence of recurrent tracheal stenoses.
Sudden idiopathic sensori‐neural hearing loss: Some observations
Authors: Blair Simmons F.
Published: September 2006

Sudden idiopathic sensori‐neural hearing loss is more common than generally recognized. Hearing recovers spontaneously within a few hours or days, and the loss is not recognized as cochlear in origin but is blamed on eustachian tube obstruction, because the symptoms can be identical; thus, a large proportion of patients are treated by physicians with decongestants and middle ear inflation, without obtaining audiograms. In an already damaged cochlea, middle ear inflation and other unwarranted procedures, including over enthusiastic audiometry, can lead to further injury. In general, prognosis for recovery from sudden hearing loss correlates best with the interval between symptom onset and the first audiogram, and very poorly with either the type of treatment or the interval between symptoms and the patient's first visit to a physician.
Arytenoidectomy in children
Authors: Cohen Seymour R.
Published: September 2006

Arytenoidectomy is a rare operation in children. Airway obstruction following a difficult delivery of a newborn with cardinal symptoms of laryngeal obstruction should arouse suspicion of laryngeal paralysis. Midline paralysis in children has varied causes. A tracheotomy is almost always necessary for its initial treatment. When spontaneous recovery fails to occur, arytenoidectomy in the pre‐grammar school age is an effective, safe and successful procedure. This is a report of 11 cases treated by the external surgical approach of arytenoidectomy, following which decannulation was possible. In all cases the voice was better than expected.
Myringotomy and ventilating tubes in the 19th century
Authors: Alberti P. W.
Published: September 2006

Eustachian tube obstruction was recognized as a cause of deafness in the 18th Century, and the operation of myringotomy popularized by Astley Cooper was widely undertaken in the early part of the 19th Century for hearing loss from this cause, and unfortunately, for hearing loss from many other causes. The procedure fell into disrepute because of postoperative infection and because of the tympanic membrane's property of rapid healing, which meant that relief was only evanescent. Tonsillectomy for hearing loss was introduced in the early 19th Century and had considerable vogue, but it, too, failed to be as effective as its early proponents, particularly Yearsley, expected. Direct assault upon the eustachian tube by air and fluid pushed up through catheters was practiced throughout the 19th Century. Myringotomy was re‐introduced extensively in the 1860's and determined efforts were made to remove secretions from the middle ear by means of medication introduced both through the eustachian tube and the ear canal. Efforts were also made to make permanent openings in the tympanic membrane, or at least to delay closure of the opening. They included turning tympanic membrane flaps and resecting large portions of the membrane including on some occasions the malleus, and on others the annulus. None of these techniques were successful. Attempts were made throughout the century to keep open the hole in the membrane by means of foreign body, initially catgut strings, and then a variety of wire and tube, ultimately leading to the development of a hollow grooved hard rubber eyelet with thread attached which is similar in appearance to the ventilating tubes in use today. A variety of metal prostheses were also used. Ultimately the high failure rate coupled with a high infection rate led to the abandonment of these methods of therapy, and a return to the nasopharynx, for the newly discovered adenoids were being removed in greater quantities and the technique of politzerization were providing an acceptable alternative to some of the previously used methods of eustachian tube medication.
Chronic vestibular and auditory effects of marijuana
Authors: Spector Martin
Published: September 2006

The objective of this study was to ascertain vestibular dysfunction and impaired hearing resulting from the chronic use of marijuana. Electro‐nystagmography was utilized to record gaze nystagmus, tracking a pendulum, spontaneous nystagmus, positional nystagmus, and rotation on the torsion swing. Pure tone thresholds were also obtained. The results of these tests, for normals and heavy marijuana users, were then compared. The comparison of these results showed significant changes in vestibular functions for chronic marijuana users in: a. decrease in maximum amplitude on torsion swing; b. increase in incidence of nystagmus in two or more supine positions; and c. decrease in speed of slow component on caloric tests.
Effects of lead on the vestibular system: Preliminary findings
Authors: Wilpizeski Chester
Published: September 2006

Twelve adult squirrel monkeys were subjected to chronic lead exposure for a period of five to 24 weeks. Poisoning was confirmed by elevated blood lead levels, a consistent drop in body weight and by neurological signs of paresis and convulsions. Five animals died as a direct result of lead poisoning, and the remaining seven were sacrificed either when death seemed imminent (two animals) or at critical times during the experimental schedule. Bilateral cold and warm water irrigations as well as body rotational tests (upright, right side down and left side down, clockwise and counterclockwise), were given prior to lead poisoning and at various times during the experimental period. Positional and induced nystagmus (horizontal for caloric stimulation and both horizontal and vertical for rotatory stimulation) were recorded with eyes closed, by electronystagmography. Auditory detection thresholds for bone‐conducted pure tones were measured in two monkeys by a conditioned avoidance response technique. There was great intra‐ and inter‐subject variability in nystagmus duration and intensity (total number of eye beats and beat rate) for pre‐lead and lead intoxication conditions. Analysis of records was made difficult by the occurrence of positional and provocation nystagmus. Four of the 12 monkeys exhibited some positional nystagmus (mostly vertical when placed on either side) during the pre‐lead phase. Six of the group showed enhanced positional nystagmus or developed it during the lead intake phase. In general, both caloric‐ and rotational‐induced nystagmus decreased slightly in median duration and intensity under lead poisoned conditions, but the differences were not statistically reliable. Control measures of right‐left labyrinthine sensitivity and directional preponderance did not differ significantly from measures obtained under chronic lead intake conditions. After 20 weeks of lead intoxication, three animals showed a directional preponderance opposite that seen at the beginning of the study. Examination of the temporal bones of three monkeys revealed neither hair cell damage nor demyelination of VIIIth nerve fibers. Bone conduction detection thresholds remained within normal limits. A generalized state of muscular weakness due to chronic lead absorption could explain the unsteadiness which may have been mistaken for vestibular ataxia, reported by others in the literature.
Orbital complications of sinus disease
Authors: Welsh Louis W. , Welsh John J.
Published: September 2006

Orbital complications of sinus disease continue to appear in clinical practice. A clear appraisal of the situation requires identification of the offending sinus area, the pathogenic bacterial agent, and the appropriate choice of drug therapy.

A classification which defines the degree of orbital extension is valuable therapeutically and prognostically.

In the diseased child the program is usually successful, employing medical means alone and suggest early diagnosis and aggressive therapy.

The adult is less competently managed and often requires adequate drainage procedures. This fact relates to obstructive anatomical structures or systemic diseases.

The bacteriologic studies are presented as well as predisposing factors toward the development of complications. Finally, there is a brief review of the guidelines for surgery and the drainage procedures.
Nasopharyngoscopic observations in the alaskan native
Authors: Weymuller E. A.
Published: September 2006

One hundred fifty‐nine Alaskan natives were nasopharyngoscoped in an attempt to determine the incidence of excessive amounts of adenoid tissue in the nasopharynx. Significant amounts of lymphoid tissue are present in the young Alaskan natives and the incidence is about the same as that of the Caucasian. The amount and incidence of adenoid tissue drops rapidly after puberty. In the opinion of the author, the eustachian orifice of the Eskimo appeared to be more widely patent than that of the Caucasian. In children under age 10, the number of cases in which tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy is indicated is about the same as that of the Caucasian.
The Effects of Brain Damage on the Performance of Hand Movement Sequences
Authors: Fox Geoffrey A. , Fox Allison M.
Published: September 2006

The frontal lobes, if damaged, may lead to a host of divergent abnormalities, depending on the extent, site, depth, and laterality of the damage. Because of the extensive connections which exist between the frontal lobes and the other systems of the brain, damage to a more remote system may cause frontal system disorder through disconnection. The Hand Movement Test (HMT, Kaufman & Kaufman, 1983) is thought to be sensitive to damage affecting these systems, although the test was developed for use with children rather than adults. This paper examines the effects of three diverse neuropsychological disorders, where damage to the frontal lobes or to their interconnections has been implicated, on hand movement sequencing performance in adults. The three groups studied included patients diagnosed with alcohol-related brain damage (n = 57), patients diagnosed with mild traumatic brain injury (n = 21), and patients diagnosed with age-related dementia (n = 30). HMT performance was significantly poorer in all three clinical groups relative to controls, supporting the addition of this brief, paediatric test in neuropsychological evaluations assessing these disorders.
Addressing the Sexual Concerns of Persons With Traumatic Brain Injury in Rehabilitation Settings: A Framework for Action
Authors: Simpson Grahame
Published: September 2006

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) impacts upon people's sexuality with 50% to 60% of persons reporting some level of disruption post-injury. However, only small proportions of patients/family members report that rehabilitation health professionals made inquiries about whether they had any sexual concerns. Rehabilitation programs have a responsibility to meet the challenge of addressing this important area of human functioning. An agency framework is described that provides a non-threatening, structured way for services to conceptualise, introduce or upgrade sexuality services in a manner that can be maintained over the long term. The framework contains an underlying philosophy of sexuality, five proposed modalities of service provision and detail of the underlying organisational structures that are required to provide sexuality services with consistency and effectiveness over the long term. Finally, organisational strategies that can be employed to implement the framework are discussed as well as suggestions about the sequencing of such strategies. By using the framework, rehabilitation services can put sexuality back onto their treatment agenda, as they seek to restore patients/clients with TBI to the “highest level of adaptation attainable” (World Health Organisation, 1996, p. 1) in all areas of their lives.
Prospective Memory and Traumatic Brain Injury: A Review
Authors: Shum David , Fleming Jenny , Neulinger Kerryn
Published: September 2006

This article aimed to review the assessment and treatment of prospective memory impairment in individuals with traumatic brain injury. The three assessment techniques reviewed included questionnaires, psychological tests, and experimental procedures. Because interest in this area is relatively new, not many assessment techniques have been specifically developed to assess the various constructs of prospective memory. Of these, most lack a firm theoretical basis, adequate norms, and strong psychometric properties. Rehabilitative techniques, based on remedial and compensatory approaches, were then evaluated. Intervention methods that show promise include a prospective memory training approach, diary or memory notebook use, and electronic aids. Nevertheless, there is a need for further controlled trials with larger sample sizes to more thoroughly evaluate these methods. Self-awareness of memory impairment and generalisation of gains from treatment are another two issues identified as important for assessing and treating prospective memory impairment.
Daisy, Daisy, Give Me Your Answer Do! Case Studies of Left Visual Neglect in Patients with Acute Cerebral Lesions
Authors: Ogden Jenni A.
Published: September 2006

Patients with acute brain lesions often demonstrate dramatic forms of visual neglect; however their unstable medical conditions and rapidly changing neglect make it impossible to carry out rigorous experimentation to test theories of neglect. Careful assessment of their disorders can, however, inform rehabilitation strategies, and stimulate tentative neglect hypotheses that can later be tested more rigourously on the much rarer patients who have persisting neglect. The neglect behaviours of two patients with acute lesions are described in terms of environment-centred and object-based frames of reference. TT, with a right parietal glioma, has difficulty describing unexpected details on the left sides of pictures, in contrast to SM, with a right frontal abscess, who describes pictures accurately. Both patients, however, show left-sided neglect when copying pictures. When asked to copy daisy pictures, including half daisies, TT copied half daisy heads, including half of the half daisies, but SM missed only whole daisy heads to the left of other daisies. Their different responses to these daisy pictures is tentatively explained in terms of their ability to perceive whether or not half daisies appear “ridiculous”. SM also embellished the right sides of her drawings, suggesting an interaction between this dysexecutive behaviour and neglect.
Serum cytokine levels and the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer patients
Authors: Fuksiewicz Malgorzata , Kaminska Janina , Kotowicz Beata , Kowalska Maria , Rubach Maryna , Pienkowski Tadeusz
Published: September 2006

Clin Chem Lab Med 2006;44:1092–7.
Lower expression of the α2,3-sialylated fibronectin glycoform and appearance of the asialo-fibronectin glycoform are associated with high concentrations of fibronectin in human seminal plasma with abnormal semen parameters
Authors: Kątnik-Prastowska Iwona , Kratz Ewa M. , Faundez Ricardo , Chełmońska-Soyta Anna
Published: September 2006

Clin Chem Lab Med 2006;44:1119–25.
Determination of total bilirubin in whole blood from neonates: results from a French multicenter study
Authors: Borgard Jean-Pierre , Szymanowicz Anton , Pellae Isabelle , Szmidt-Adjidé Valérie , Rota Michèle
Published: September 2006

Clin Chem Lab Med 2006;44:1103–10.
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in relation to vitamin D levels in menopause
Authors: Zajickova Katerina , Hill Martin , Vankova Marketa , Zofkova Ivana
Published: September 2006

Clin Chem Lab Med 2006;44:1066–9.
Protein Z levels and prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Sofi Francesco , Cesari Francesca , Marcucci Rossella , Fatini Cinzia , Gori Anna Maria , Giglioli Cristina , Valente Serafina , Fedi Sandra , Abbate Rosanna , Gensini Gian Franco
Published: September 2006

Clin Chem Lab Med 2006;44:1098–102.
Role of methionine residues of albumin in T-R conversion of hemoglobin
Authors: Okazaki Toshio , Matsuhashi Mizuki , Ishii Naohito
Published: September 2006

Clin Chem Lab Med 2006;44:1131–6.
Detection of circulating tumour cells in blood by quantitative real-time RT-PCR: effect of pre-analytical time
Authors: Benoy Ina H. , Elst Hilde , Van Dam Peter , Scharpé Simon , Van Marck Eric , Vermeulen Peter B. , Dirix Luc Y.
Published: September 2006

Clin Chem Lab Med 2006;44:1082–7.
Analysis of protein S-100B in serum: a methodological study
Authors: Müller Kay , Elverland Astrid , Romner Bertil , Waterloo Knut , Langbakk Bodil , Undén Johan , Ingebrigtsen Tor
Published: September 2006

Clin Chem Lab Med 2006;44:1111–4.