bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aspects of the life history and breeding biology of the Mountain Pygmy-possum (Burramys parvus), (Marsupialia: Burramyidae) in alpine Victoria.
Authors: Mansergh I.M. , Scotts D J.
Published: September 2021

From February 1982 to November 1989, a trapping and captive breeding program was undertaken to examine the life history of the vulnerable Mountain Pygmy-possum (Burramys parvus), the only Australian mammal restricted to the alpine and subalpine region. During the active season (Oct.-Apr.) over 38 000 trapnights in the habitat throughout Victoria yielded over 900 individual B. parvus captured on over 3 800 occasions. Burramys parvus is a polyoestrous species (mean cycle period of 20.3 days) and produces supernumerary young, up to twice the number of available teats (4). In the wild, breeding is highly synchronised to spring and a single litter is carried p.a. (x = 3.6; mode = 4). Whilst B. parvus retains the capacity to produce a second litter, this is a rare event in the wild and would be selected against as there would be insufficient time to obtain fat reserves for hibernation. At birth and independence the sex ratio of the cohort is at parity, yet at any time the sex ratio of the B. parvus population is always biased toward females due to differential survival of the sexes (at breeding I M: 4-6 F). In autumn, females that would survive winter were on average > 12 % heavier than those not retrapped. One female was at least 11 years old whilst the oldest male recorded was 4 years. Burramys parvus is the longest lived small terrestrial mammal known. Aspects of the life histo ry are discussed in the context of adaptions to the alpine environment and are compared to other small mammals in the habitat and in other cold climates, and to other small marsupial diprotodonts.
The use of roads and tracks as transect routes for surveying the abundance of Whiptail Wallabies, Macropus parryi (Marsupalia: Macropodidae).
Authors: Southwell C. , Fletcher M.
Published: September 2021

NA
A study of home range, movements and shelter use in adult and juvenile echidnas, Tachyglossus aculeatus (Monotremata: Tachyglossidae), in Western Australian wheatbelt reserves.
Authors: Abensperg-Traun M.
Published: September 2021

Ten adult and six juvenile Tachyglossus aculeatus were radio-tracked in two Western Australian wheatbelt reserves between January and November 1988. Mean body weights were 4.5 ± 0.2 kg (SE) (adults) and 2.5 ± 0.1 kg (juveniles). A maximum adult weight of 5.9 kg was recorded. Home-range determinations were based on 1848 observations (range 31 to 261 per echidna), using a modified minimum area method. Home-range sizes were 65 ± 17 ha (SE) (adults) and 23 ± 6 ha (juveniles), and these overlapped substantially. Home-range sizes and body weights were not correlated. Adults preferred low density burrows in heath at all times of year, especially in winter months. Juveniles showed no clear shelter preferences. Some shelters were used repeatedly, often with conspecifics. Shelter reuse was inversely correlated with home range size. Periodically, some T. aculeatus left reserves for different periods, using road verges and crossing long distances of farm land. These movements could not be explained by reference to mate search because they involved adults and juveniles, and occurred at varying times, sometimes well outside their known breeding period. All juveniles dispersed between August and October, at an estimated 12 months of age.
A physiological profile of male dusky Antechinuses, Antechinus swainsonii (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae) surviving the post-mating mortality.
Authors: Bradley A.J. , Monamy V.
Published: September 2021

NA
Evidence of predation by a feral cat, Felis catus (Carnivora: Felidae) on an isolated rock-wallaby colony in tropical Queensland.
Authors: Spencer P.B.S.
Published: September 2021

NA
The occurrence of the Pygmy Right Whale Caperea marginata (Cetacea: Neobalaenidae), along the Australian coast.
Authors: Pavey C.R.
Published: September 2021

The occurrence of Caperea marginata, based on strandings, along the mainland coast of Australia was investigated and compared with Tasmanian records. Details were obtained for 29 mainland and 38 Tasmanian reports to March 1989. Mainland strandings of C. marginata were spatially clumped, with 19 records from South Australia and within this state, eight from Kangaroo Island and five from Port Lincoln Bay. The most northerly records were from Nowra (New South Wales) and Fremantle (Western Australia). The majority of mainland strandings were juveniles recorded from September-January, although C. marginata has also stranded during April-June. Tasmanian records extended throughout the year and animals stranded were mostly adults. The proportion of adults to juveniles was significantly lower for the mainland (nine adult, II juvenile) than Tasmania (21 adult, three juvenile), indicating that juveniles occur more frequently at the northern edge of the species' distribution. Examination of seasonal variation in length of foetal, calf and juvenile records indicated a gestation period of about 10 months and a weaning period of about 5 months. There appears to be a broad mating, calving and weaning period over some 8 months.
Behavioural data support the currently proposed phylogeny of the Macropodoidea (Marsupialia).
Authors: Ganslosser U.
Published: September 2021

Behavioural repertoires and sequences of social interactions in two species of Potoroidae and 17 species of Macropodidae were compared. In earlier studies sequential analysis by means of first-order Markov chains revealed groups of elements that are closely connected with each other in temporal sequences; these groups are regarded as belonging to the same functional or motivational systems. Some complexes, especially their ritualisation in agonistic or sexual context, are useful as characters for phylogenetic and taxonomic work. When ritualised patterns are regarded as more derived, and the less ritualised patterns as basic, a polarity can be determined. This allows distinction in apomorphisms vs plesiomorphisms for behavioural characters. The behavioural repertoire of dasyurids is used, for comparative purposes, to represent a basic condition. The phalangerids are regarded as the out-group. The occurrence of derived patterns in general supports classifications proposed on morphological, biochemical and caryological characters. In some cases (eg classification within Potoroidae, systematic position of Petrogale, sub-groupings of Macropus s.l.) behavioural data can be used to support one alternative hypothesis on phylogeny vs another.
Differences in mercury levels in female sperm whales, Physeter macrocephalus (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Authors: Canella E.G. , Kitchener D.J.
Published: September 2021

NA
Whey proteins in early and late milks of monotremes (Monotremata: Tachyglossidae, Ornithorhynchidae) and of the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii, Marsupialia: Macrropodidae).
Authors: Joseph R.G. , Griffiths M.
Published: September 2021

NA
Sightings of Risso's Dolphin, Grampus griseus (Cetacea: Delphinidae), off Fraser Island, Queensland.
Authors: Corkeron P.J. , Bryden M.M.
Published: September 2021

NA
Observations on the anatomy of mammary glands in two species of conilurine rodent (Muridae: Hydromyinae) and in an opossum (Marsupialia: Didelphidae).
Authors: Griffiths M. , Simms N.G.
Published: September 2021

The pups of Pseudomys nanus and P. australis are attached to their mothers' teats for extended periods of time, analogous to the situation encountered in pouchless marsupials. The structures in the mammary glands involved in facilitating prolonged attachment are different in the two rodent species and both kinds are different from those in marsupial glands including those of Monodelphis domestica, the subject of the present study. In P. nanus, the teats are anchored to postero-ventrally directed, tubular diverticula of the body wall. In P. australis there are no diverticula. However, support for the mammary glands and teats is afforded by the body wall, in the form of two well-developed fan-shaped muscles dorsal to the mammary glands in conjunction with a broad lamina of connective tissue, smooth and striated muscle situated between the skin of the belly and the mammary glands. In M. domestica, the teats are anchored to swathes of striated voluntary muscle, derived from the ilio-marsupialis muscles which pass ventrally through the secretory parenchyma to be inserted onto the bases of the teats. Since this musculature has not been observed in the mammary glands of any eutherians so far studied, nor in those of Monotremata, it is put that it is a character unique to the Marsupialia.
Three new localities for Pseudomys gracilicaudatus (Rodentia: Muridae) in New South Wales.
Authors: Watts G.J. , Tweedie T.D.
Published: September 2021

NA
Morphological and genetic relationships among populations of Scotorepens sanbomi (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Papua, New Guinea, Australia and Indonesia.
Authors: Kitchener D.J. , Adams M.
Published: September 2021

Skull and external morphology and the genetic relationships of Scotorepens sanbomi individuals were studied for populations in Papua New Guinea, Queensland, Northern Territory, Western Australia and West Timor (a recently discovered population). Discriminant function analyses showed that animals from West Timor were large and similar in size and shape to those from Papua New Guinea and Queensland; their skull dimensions were closer to Queensland animals whereas their external dimensions were closer to Papua New Guinea animals. The West Timor, Papua New Guinea and Queensland animals were considerably larger in skull', external and baculum measurements than the Western Australian animals. The Northern Territory animals were intermediate, but closer to the Western Australian animals. The latter also showed some proportional (shape) differences from animals in these other populations. The largest animals (West Timor) had a relatively high wing loading and higher aspect ratio than the smallest (Western Australia) animals. This suggests that on West Timor the species forage in less cluttered airspace, probably higher above the vegetation, than their counterparts from Western Australia. Allozyme electrophoresis of 3lloci revealed considerable genetic heterogeneity between the populations (Nei Ds range 0.023- 0.158). The West Timor population was genetically most similar to the Western Australia and Northern Territory populations and most divergent from both the Queensland and New Guinea populations.
Interaction of
Authors: Smit Bronwyn , Kuballa Anna , Coulson Samantha , Katouli Mohammad
Published: September 2021

Candida albicans is a semi-ubiquitous pathobiont that is known to significantly impact human health and wellbeing, causing a significant financial strain on the medical system. Due to increasing antifungal resistance, there is a growing need for novel fungal therapeutics to treat diseases caused by this fungus. The development and use of Live Biotherapeutic Products (LBPs) is an innovative and novel approach to potentially treating Candidiasis and other comorbidities associated with C. albicans infection. To evaluate their anti-pathogenic efficacy, it is necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms involved, via the use of biomimetic cell models. In this study, six LBPs were chosen to investigate their competitive inhibitory effect against C. albicans using a co-culture of Caco-2 cells and mucous-secreting HT29-MTX cells to mimic human gut epithelium. The LBP strains were supplied by Servatus Biopharmaceuticals and identified as SVT 01D1, SVT 04P1, SVT 05P2, SVT 06B1, SVT 07R1 and SVT 08Z1. Five out of the six LBPs showed a significant reduction in the adhesion of C. albicans and all six LBPs reduced C. albicans invasion in the co-culture cells to varying degrees. There was no significant difference between co-inoculation of C. albicans with the LBPs or pre-inoculation of LBPs before the addition of C. albicans. The potential of these LBPs as novel anti-fungal therapeutics for the treatment of C. albicans diseases can be further documented in clinical trials.
The localization of video games into less widely spoken languages that share a common history
Authors: Koscelníková Mária
Published: September 2021

Even though video games are highly popular, localization into Slovak is rather rare and the language struggles to
maintain a presence in the video game industry. This is partly because Slovak is a less widely spoken language, and also because
it is mutually intelligible with the more dominant Czech language, having a common history. Our paper examines the
Slovak-Czech parallels in the respective language-, audiovisual- and multimedia- related legislation as well as market practices.
A similar comparative analysis is conducted with other less widely spoken European languages, namely Serbian, Croatian and
Slovenian. Our results show that among the examined languages, Czech is by far in the strongest position as a supported language
in video games on various platforms whereas Slovak, Serbian, Croatian and Slovenian are hardly present. We hope that the results
of our research will stimulate the discussion on this issue.
Micronuclei in Kif18a mutant mice form stable micronuclear envelopes and do not promote tumorigenesis
Authors: Sepaniac Leslie A. , Martin Whitney , Dionne Louise A. , Stearns Timothy M. , Reinholdt Laura G. , Stumpff Jason
Published: September 2021

Micronuclei, whole or fragmented chromosomes spatially separated from the main nucleus, are associated with genomic instability and have been identified as drivers of tumorigenesis. Paradoxically, Kif18a mutant mice produce micronuclei due to asynchronous segregation of unaligned chromosomes in vivo but do not develop spontaneous tumors. We report here that micronuclei in Kif18a mutant mice form stable nuclear envelopes. Challenging Kif18a mutant mice via deletion of the Trp53 gene led to formation of thymic lymphoma with elevated levels of micronuclei. However, loss of Kif18a had modest or no effect on survival of Trp53 homozygotes and heterozygotes, respectively. Micronuclei in cultured KIF18A KO cells form stable nuclear envelopes characterized by increased recruitment of nuclear envelope components and successful expansion of decondensing chromatin compared with those induced by nocodazole washout or radiation. Lagging chromosomes were also positioned closer to the main chromatin masses in KIF18A KO cells. These data suggest that not all micronuclei actively promote tumorigenesis.
A polarized anchor for hematopoietic stem cells: Synapse between stem cells and their niche?
Authors: Lee Yeojin , Ding Lei
Published: September 2021

Multipotent hematopoietic stem cells are maintained by the bone marrow niche, but how niche-derived membrane-bound stem cell factor (mSCF) regulates HSCs remains unclear. In this issue, Hao et al. (2021. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202010118) describe that mSCF, synergistically with VCAM-1, induces large, polarized protrusions that serve as anchors for HSCs to their niche.
Rab35 controls formation of luminal projections required for bile canalicular morphogenesis
Authors: Cozmescu Claudiu Andrei , Gissen Paul
Published: September 2021

Hepatocytes display a unique biaxial polarity with shared apical luminal connections between adjacent hepatocytes that merge into a network of bile canaliculi. Belicova et al. (2021. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202103003) discovered that hepatocyte apical membranes generate Rab35-dependent extensions that traverse the lumen and are essential for bile canalicular formation and maintenance.
Bilateral comparison of 10 V standards between the NSAI-NML (Ireland) and the BIPM
Authors: Solve Stephane , Chayramy Regis , Stock Michael , Power Oliver
Published: September 2021

Main text

As part of the ongoing BIPM key comparison BIPM.EM-K11, a comparison of the 10 V voltage reference standards of the BIPM and the National Standards Authority of Ireland - National Metrology Laboratory (NSAI - NML), Dublin, Ireland, was carried out in November and December 2020. The objective for NSAI-NML in participating in this comparison was to demonstrate the international equivalence of its DC voltage measurement results and to support their calibration and measurement capabilities (CMCs) published in the Key Comparison Database of the BIPM (KCDB).

Two BIPM Zener diode-based travelling standards (Fluke 732B), BIPM_8 (Z8) and BIPM_9 (Z9), were transported by freight to NSAI-NML. At NSAI-NML, the reference standard for DC voltage at the 10 V level consists of a group of characterized Zener diode-based electronic voltage standards. The output EMF (Electromotive Force) of each travelling standard was measured by direct comparison with the group standard.

At the BIPM the travelling standards were calibrated, before and after the measurements at NSAI-NML, with the Josephson Voltage Standard, developed at the BIPM. The output EMF of each travelling standard was measured against the Josephson Voltage Standard (JVS). Results of all measurements were corrected for the dependence of the output voltages of the Zener standards on internal temperature and ambient atmospheric pressure.

The comparison result is presented as the difference between the value assigned to a 10 V standard by NSAI-NML, at NSAI-NML, U
NSAI-NML, and that assigned by the BIPM, at the BIPM, U
BIPM, on the reference date of 2020/11/14, as

U
NSAI-NML - U
BIPM = -2.99 µV; u
c = 1.71 µV

where u
c is the combined standard uncertainty associated with the measured difference, including the uncertainty of the realization of the volt at NSAI-NML, and the uncertainty related to the comparison.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Final report of the new BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Ac-225 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 225Ac to include the 2019 result of the PTB (Germany)
Authors: Michotte C , Courte S , Nonis M , Coulon R , Judge S , Kossert K , Nähle O
Published: September 2021

Main text

In 2019, the PTB(Germany) has submitted a sample of 225Ac to the International Reference System (SIR) for activity comparison at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), with comparison identifier BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Ac-225. As PTB is the first participant in the comparison no key comparison reference value (KCRV) and no degrees of equivalence can be calculated.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Passive BB84 decoy-state protocol with a flawed source
Authors: Gavrilovich A , Sych D , Kurochkin Y
Published: September 2021

Passive generation of quantum states in quantum key distribution (QKD) is an elegant solution to utilise an internal source of quantum randomness of the transmitter’s scheme. It can be profitable, for example, in setups running at high repetition rates. However, the original analysis of passive protocol doesn’t consider real-life effects of a laser source, therefore possibly breaches the unconditional security of the scheme. Here we take into account the influence of various laser imperfections and make a refined comparison between active and passive setups. We show that the new bound on the secret key rate of the passive protocol stays similar to the one of an active scheme, thus proving passive generation to be a practical means of constructing QKD systems.
Fast and compact VCSEL-based quantum random number generator
Authors: Shakhovoy R , Maksimova E , Sharoglazova V , Puplauskis M , Kurochkin Y
Published: September 2021

Random number generators (RNGs) are an essential ingredient of modern cryptographic systems. Particular attention is paid today to a special class of RNGs – quantum RNGs, which are attracting close attention of researchers due to the explosive development of quantum key distribution systems, where the use of quantum randomness is a necessary security requirement. A large number of various quantum entropy sources have been proposed over the last 10-15 years. Most of them are based on the use of different quantum optics phenomena, particularly, on the effects occurring in semiconductor lasers. This choice is due to the relatively low cost and ease of use of such devices and the high random bit generation rate available with optical QRNGs. Motivated by these reasons, we study in the present research the QRNG based on variations of light polarization in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). The scheme we propose allows creating an extremely compact and fast optical QRNG, consisting essentially of only a laser and a polarizing beam splitter. We revealed that it is possible to ensure the pulsed operation of a VCSEL in a bistable regime, which is characterized by random switch of light polarization. We show, however, that probabilistic properties of such laser pulses significantly depend on the internal laser parameters as well as on its operating mode. Understanding these properties is fundamentally important for the correct assessment of the quantum noise contribution and, consequently, for the subsequent post-processing of digitized random sequences.
Influence of light source and detector’s imperfections on the photon counting statistics
Authors: Reutov Aleksei , Sych Denis
Published: September 2021

Photon counting provides a valuable tool for measuring quantum properties of light. Unavoidable imperfections of photon detectors lead to discrepancies between the statistics of photons and statistics of photon counts. Here we consider dead-time corrections and influence of intensity fluctuations for simulated Poissonian statistics of photo counts for the pulsed or continuous wave coherent light sources. We analyse dependence between the statistical moments of corrected distribution and the mean photon number, dead-time, and level of intensity fluctuations.
Hertz-to-infrared electrodynamics of single-crystalline barium-lead hexaferrite Ba1-xPbxFe12O19
Authors: Alyabyeva L , Ahmed A , Vinnik D , Savinov M , Lunkenheimer P , Gorshunov B
Published: September 2021

Broadband electrodynamic response of single-crystalline lead-substituted barium hexaferrite Ba1-xPbxFe12O19 is studied at temperatures from 5 to 300 K in the range from 1 Hz to 240 THz that includes radio, sub-terahertz, terahertz and infrared frequencies and altogether spans over 14 frequency decades. Discovered phenomena include relaxational radio-frequency dynamics of domains and domain walls, temperature-unstable terahertz excitations connected with electric dipoles induced by off-center displacements in the ab-plane of the lead ions, narrow terahertz excitations associated with electronic transitions between the fine-structure components of the Fe2+ground state, dielectric gigahertz resonances presumably of magneto-electric origin and polar lattice vibrations.
X-ray reflectivity investigation of multilayer macroporous silicon structures
Authors: Lenshin A S , Peshkov Ya A , Grechkina M V , Kannykin S V , Yurakov Yu A
Published: September 2021

In this work, the X-ray reflectivity was used to study the porosity of multilayer macroporous silicon samples obtained under various conditions. The porosity calculation is based on a change in the position of the critical angle of total external reflection resulting from a decrease in the density of the porous silicon layer. Our findings show that the absence of photoluminescence in the samples is due to a porosity of about 30 % in the surface layer. The morphological features were characterized by scanning electron and atomic force microscopy.
Design of Centralized Mini-Link for Optimal use in Telecom Network
Authors: Choudhary Pushpa , Choudhary Akhilesh Kumar , Singh Arjun , Pandey Harikesh , Singh Mahesh Kumar
Published: September 2021

Now a Days Microwave MINI-LINK are widely used for point to point communication. Microwave link has become an essential form of communication network because of frequent interruption of Optical Fiber Cable network due to other sector development work, non-feasible area for Optical Fiber Cable laying (digging is difficult for OFC) or any unseen reason, on the other hand mini link network become so adaptable because their small wavelength allows conveniently sized antenna to direct them in narrow beam which can be pointed directly at receiving end. This allows nearby mini link equipment to use same frequencies without interfering any other link. The aim of this paper is to create a mini link network in such a way so that operation and support maintenance work can be done from a central location without moving at site and without purchasing any software. Another objective of this paper is to describe how to use installed equipment completely (i.e. 100% utilization of equipment) which are being used by network..
Electrodermal Activity (EDA) and body temperature Monitoring system for patients with psychological disorder
Authors: Parikh Harikrishna N. , Pandya H.N. , Savaliya J. A. , Pithadiya B. H.
Published: September 2021

In today’s world we are leading an unimaginably fast and stressful life. Hence, the number indicating psychological disorder cases has hiked like never before. Compared to physiological disorders, psychological disorders take longer time to cure and mandates long term monitoring the patient in his/her daily and personal life. Galvanic Skin Resistance (GSR), also called Electrodermal Activity (EDA) is actually measurement of variations in electrical properties of skin attributed to Sympathetic Nerve System (SNS), directly related to mental state of the subject, such as stress, drowsiness and engagement. We have put an effort in making a wearable device to monitor such important parameter. The device is designed using silver electrodes, LMT70 temperature sensor and Arduino mini pro. The device is capable of recording EDA and body temperature periodically at an interval of 5 minutes for 7 days on a single charge of 3000mAh battery of 3.3V. The data is recorded on a microSD card in CSV format.
Pressure-volume relationships of some solids based on double potential energy functions
Authors: Mishra Arvind , Dharmendra K
Published: September 2021

We present an analysis for the pressure-volume relationship of substances viz. Neon, Argon, Aluminum, Copper, Lithium Hydride, and Magnesium Oxide using interatomic potential functions due to Morse, Rydberg, and Davydov. The formulations for P-V relationship have been obtained using these potential functions. The results for pressure as a function of volume are determined up to a range of V/(V_0=0.5) for each solid. The results are mapped with the values obtained from the Shanker equation and the Hama-SuitoEOS. The relationship between P and V through different equations of state(EOS) for different solids depends on the values of K_(0 )as well as K_0^’. A material would be more incompressible if both K_(0)and 〖K〗_0^’are high. For example in case of Cu, K_(0 )is somewhat less than that for MgO but 〖K〗_0^’ is larger for Cu than that for MgO. This makes Cu to be more incompressible than MgO. This is evident from the results which reveal P = 620GPa for Cu, and P = 430GPa for MgO both at V/V_0 = 0.5, the maximum compressions.
Analysis on different energy conservation methods
Authors: Rani Pooja
Published: September 2021

Production and consumption of energy provide energy conservation. The purpose is to reserve conservation, environment safety, and price investments, but the consumers have large energy they need. “The chief aim is to reduce the losses in electrical arrangement and also electrical system should have proper protection tools for providing consistent power supply for continuous task. Currently, more manufacturing is progressive the money in clearance electrical bills. As such, eco-friendly sustainability alternative main advantage of removing unused energy usage during the production process. The paper provides the data on the shortcoming and remedial of energy conservation.
Efficient desalination by layered heating of saline water
Authors: Virani Ronak H , Patel B S , Katariya H G
Published: September 2021

Thin layer heating technology for desalination is one of the topics that is catching eye of many researchers recently. The sun is a very good renewable energy source that can solve many human being’s problems such as water scarcity. Solar energy can be utilized for water desalination. Nowadays, parabolic trough collector and dish reflector and other optical concentrators are used to concentrate the solar radiation to get more power. They are complex and costly. Efficiency of basin type solar still and other conventional solar still is decreases as we increase water quantity, due to the heat loss to water. Due to this reason need of solar desalination devices that use localized heating of a thin layer of water. In the past few years, significant research is done for the developing thin layer heating desalination. In this paper, basin type solar still is discussed, properties of wood and titanium dioxide materials for substrate and absorber have been discussed and results carried out by experimental performance is discussed. This paper is concerned with effects of change in radiation, effects of change in water depth in basin and effects of change in salinity of water.
Evaluation & Comparison between Plus Sign Slotted and U-shaped Microstrip antennas for Wi-MAX application using IE3D
Authors: Sharma Kailash , Mehrotra Rajat , Kaura Shivendra , Krishna Rama , Kumar Nagendra
Published: September 2021

In this paper, a slotted patch antenna of Microstrip antenna (MSA) type has been put forward. The enrichment in gain is realized by cutting slots of suitable dimensions in the rectangular patch using the technique of probe feed. Optimum feed providing the required outcome is found. Simulation of the two projected antennas had been carried out by means of IE3D software. Performance assessment would be grounded on altering the patch dimensions, the acquired results are compared especially in gain, the efficiency of the antenna, the pattern of radiation, VSWR, and return loss with a U-shaped patch antenna.
A Review Paper on Fog Computing Paradigm to solve Problems and Challenges during Integration of Cloud with IoT
Authors: Saurabh  , Dhanaraj Rajesh Kumar
Published: September 2021

In Today’s world technologies such as Internet of Things, Cloud Computing as well as Fog Computing are growing at an exponential rate which depend upon each other directly or indirectly. The Internet of Things can be described as a network of substantial matter such as cars, washing machines, refrigerator which can interact with each other through internet. Billions of devices will be IoT enabled in near future and generate enormous amount of data but IoT devices has some limitations like storage capabilities, processing capabilities and utilization of resources which can only be handled by integrating it with cloud technology. Cloud model provide environment in which software, Infrastructure, sharable pool of configurable resources, virtual environment, sensors, hardware and database is provided as a utility for IoT devices and users. In cloud computing paradigm some limitations exist for example distance of the data source from multi-hop, geological unified structure, latency, heterogeneity and many more. To address such limitations, Fog computing approach can be used to bring computing assets nearer to IoT devices. Fog computing is an enhancement of the cloud-based Network and computing services. It provides computational and storage services of cloud proximate to IoT devices. This paper provides an overview regarding the cloud computing uses in IoT devices and issues or problems that occur during integration. Handling of problems that occurs during integration of cloud with IoT can be done through fog computing. The purpose of this survey is to understand the concept of fog computing to improve the existing system of Integration of Cloud with IoT.
Parametric Optimization & Design of Pelton Turbine Wheel for Hydraulic Efficiency Improvement
Authors: Shah H A , Chaudhari G C , Dhiman V D
Published: September 2021

Impulse turbine is one of the oldest methods of water power extraction. Pelton turbine is one amongst them. There is notable increase in utilization of renewable energy sources and hydropower in developed countries. The potential energy of water in hilly areas can fulfill the demands of the rural areas and can also contribute to grids. The power output of a turbine can be increased from the same input by improvising its efficiency. This paper aims to design the Pelton turbine wheel to improve its hydraulic efficiency. Parametric optimization of a Pelton turbine wheel is achieved by two methods: direct search method and efficiency optimization method. The effect of bucket exit angle, specific speed, speed ratio and nozzle opening on hydraulic efficiency is described here. The hydraulic efficiency of the turbine will be higher at the complete nozzle opening and at a higher specific speed. The maximum hydraulic efficiency is achieved for the specific speed 20.77. The theoretical hydraulic efficiency 93.9 percentage is achieved for 15 degrees of exit angle at 0.49-speed ratio.
Effect of various fin geometries on heat dissipation of traction motors used in Electric vehicles
Authors: Kadam Suhas Sanjay , Umale Sudhakar
Published: September 2021

The traction motor is one of the major component in an electric vehicle subjected to high temperature variations and thermal stresses. In order to cool the motor, fins are proposed on the housing. Present study investigates effect of various fin geometries such as rectangular fin, rectangular fin with a rectangular protrusion, tapered pin fin integrated with rectangular fin, step fin and wavy fin on heat dissipation of an electric motor by developing numerical model and the comparative study is presented. 3D geometrical model of the motor housing is developed using CATIA V5 and analyzed using ANSYS Workbench 2019 R3. Steady-state temperature distribution in the housing cross section is obtained. The obtained results were found in satisfactory quantitative agreement with the published literature results and deviated not more than 7 percent. Research confirmed that rectangular fin with rectangular protrusions gives the greatest heat transfer comparatively and it is concluded that the life of an electric motor increases as there is decrease in temperature of the motor.
Experimental Investigation of Forced Convection Solar Dryer with Phase Change Material (PCM)
Authors: Raval Rushikesh M. , Patel B.S. , Hadiya J. P.
Published: September 2021

Solar dryer is an economical way of drying various agricultural products. The limitation of solar drying is that it available only during sunshine hours. An integration of phase change material (PCM) is one of the options to extend drying process after sunshine hours since it store heat in form of latent heat. In this work, an indirect, forced convection, single pass, batch type solar dryer with phase change material (PCM) was designed, constructed and experimentally investigated. Solar collector consists of rectangular pipe type absorber and it works as a PCM chamber. The experiments are carried out on solar dryer test rig under various loads, with PCM and without PCM. The main aim to carry out experiments is that to investigate the feasibility of using a solar dryer with PCM to store the solar energy in form of heat during the daytime, and to release it during the night or cloudy weather. Experiments were conducted to evaluate increments in cycle time, increment in collector’s and dryer’s efficiencies.
Enhancing security in Internet of Things using authentication techniques: A review survey
Authors: Goyal Mohit
Published: September 2021

Internet of Things (IoT) is an interrelation of heterogeneous physical devices over the network. It can assist the people by utilizing the latest technology through machine-to-machine (M2M) communication everywhere throughout the world. In general, IoT is connected with millions of individuals and computers and also provides the services among these with the help of sensors and actuators, etc. Actually, providing security to all users and its supported devices is a daunting task because as technology continues to grow, similarly various types of security threat and challenges are developing. The main objective is to enhance the security in the Internet of Things so that the existing system can be made more reliable as per user perspectives. To make more secure systems, have to use reliable security techniques and latest standards as per present era development since the old security standard is not sufficient for the user which uses the equipment’s according to the latest technology in IoT. So, biometric-based authentication is considered as the solution from preventing the new security threats in the IoT system. In any IoT system, biometric-based authentication can be implemented by using two approaches; one physical-based biometric authentication and another is behavioural-based authentication. In this paper, behavioral-based biometrics is the estimation and recording of personal behaviour patterns and also their utilization to check and validate an individual computer user using some machine learning algorithms to authenticate the IoT devices.
A virtual biosignals analyzer
Authors: Goradiya Bhargav C , Shah Vatsal , Patel Nisarg , Mehta Yagnik , Macwan Neel
Published: September 2021

The virtual instrumentation is in great demand now a day due to its flexibility as well as cost-effectiveness. Lab VIEW is a great platform in which one can design virtual instruments. This article deals with the design of the virtual biosignal analyzer. This analyzer has been mainly designed for academic purpose. It can be used by industries for understanding the biosignals as well as to find out which filters are best suited for filtering the biosignals. This analyzer consists of the various virtual instrument applications which deal with the analysis of biosignals like ECG, EMG, and EEG. So that the students, professionals as well as industrialists can understand which filter or which analysis is best suited for the particular biosignals, which can help them to design the real-time instrument. The purpose of this article is to provide the virtual toolkit to the professional working in this field so that an accurate real-time instrument can be designed.
Efficiency Analysis of Random and Fractal Effect on Reaction-Diffusion Equation
Authors: Kumar Anil , Mishra Rashmi
Published: September 2021

We described a fractal estimate in this article, which is the main aspect of different nonlinear wonders, such as records of coastline and surface development. The efficiency of materials science and medicine has been confused by the special case of simple solution propagation conditions generally used in various fields because its subdivision is nonlinear. The interference effect relationship between the fractal measurement values of the yield variable is obtained at the same time via the restricted contrast technique. In fact, even if the impact of interference is arbitrary, fractal computation is still a stable aspect of the income vector of the reaction propagation condition. The convergence analysis of the proposed scheme and also the validation and analysis of the feasibility of the approach using the order of convergence through the error analysis between the numerical solutions applying the proposed method and the analytical results for two real problems are the main features of the present manuscript.
Recent development in operating system based on AUTOSAR standard used in ECUs for automotive vehicles
Authors: Gokhale Purva P. , Jadhav Maruti
Published: September 2021

Development in automotive embedded systems has grown rapidly in recent years due to increased functionality in automotive vehicles. Nowadays, a lot of modern technologies have been implemented in automotive vehicles in order to improve the performance and reliability. Automotive Open System Architecture (AUTOSAR) is a software standard used for development of the new modules inside of the automotive Systems. The evolution in automotive vehicles impacted the usage and design of real time operating systems as automotive embedded systems are mainly dependent on real time operating systems used in ECUs inside automotive vehicle. AUTOSAR based operating system is also a real time operating system which is developed on the basis of OSEK (Open Systems and the Corresponding Interfaces for Automotive Electronics) standards. AUTOSAR is nothing but a standardized extension of OSEK and both play very important role in software development of automotive systems. In this paper, the recent trends in the development in automotive embedded system have been discussed. The standards required for designing a real time operating system have been briefly explained for better understanding of the developments in the automotive embedded systems.
Implementation of Knowledge based Collaborative Filtering and Machine Learning for E-Commerce Recommendation System
Authors: Singh Mahesh Kumar , Rishi Om Prakash , Singh Akhilesh Kumar , Singh Pushpendra , Choudhary Pushpa
Published: September 2021

This is the era of I-way. The development of high-speed computing and huge storage devices change the working culture of human. It affects the traditional business processes and shifted towards online business. It creates huge problems like overload and irrelevant information which are the causes of confusion both customers as well as enterprise. Recommendation system solves these problems. Design and development of efficient system is one of the key areas of the recent researchers. Collaborative filtering (CF) and content-based filtering algorithms are widely used in the implementation of such system. Collaborative used user’s features while content-based used item’s features. Most of the CFs are rating or review based processed homogeneous information. In this paper we proposed knowledge-based collaborative filtering algorithm for large data set that uses various activities done by users during interaction of item through E-commerce web site like clicks, select and purchase. The performance of the system is compared with the base models using real time Amazon E-commerce dataset using precession, recall and NDCG evaluation parameters in various combinations of activities performed by users on items.
Intelligent and multipurpose smart pole
Authors: Oza Mrudang , Hinsu Lav , Goradiya B C
Published: September 2021

Electric poles have been same from past 10 years. No advancement of technology was observed, except the transition from Sodium lamps to LED. While due to its availability and locational advantages, it could provide many fruitful solutions to many current problems we face. Yet the current generation street poles require high maintenance as well as are sometimes unable to perform the sole objective they were meant to. The proposed system aims to develops and upgrade the approach towards the smart pole and integrates into a complete system with multiple functionality and modularity. A better efficiency, better lighting and better interface and interaction are the sole objective of this newly proposed system. It will also address problem of stray animals camping around the poles, which are rarely addressed in yet significantly contribute to street problems we face. The proposed system proposes an autodetection and even effective way of reporting and resolving of issues. If we are talking about Smart city, every element of it has to be made smart.
A Queuing Based Technique for Efficient Task Scheduling in Fog
Authors: Patro Amrut , Ranjit Kumar Behera
Published: September 2021

In recent years, with the rapid growth of the IoT devices, Fog computing also known as Edge computing has gained a lot of attention and is emerging as a popular computing technology for performing the IoT applications which requires immediate response in real-time. Fog as a virtualized layer of distributed network present between the Cloud and the end-users aims to process a large amount of data locally and send only the necessary information to the Cloud with a goal of reducing delay and cost. Fog having a limited amount of resources requires an efficient and systematic approach for scheduling of tasks. The sequence of scheduling the resources plays a crucial role in satisfying the deadlines of the requests. Hence, a Queuing based Technique (QBT) for efficient task scheduling in Fog has been proposed in this paper to support the rapidly increasing amount of data, enhance the performance and decrease the response time. Regarding this, an overall architecture is presented along with the flow of activities. Then corresponding node reservation and queuing mechanism with the algorithms are described. Experimental evaluation and results comparison is conducted to test the efficiency of the proposed QBT model..
Optimization and Weight Reduction of Hybrid Composite Leaf Spring
Authors: Upletawala Mohammad Arif I. , Kushwaha Ambeprasad , Bhawde Gaurav
Published: September 2021

Weight decrease is one of the significant boundaries in plan of car segments. Such decrease helps to improve the eco-friendliness and execution of the vehicle, the variables which have specific importance in present situation of quickened non-renewable energy source consumption just as a dangerous atmospheric deviation concerns. The current work is aimed to design and analyse hybrid composite leaf spring, in commercial vehicles. For this reason, measurements of leaf spring used in broadly acclaimed business vehicle Tata 407 have been utilized. The goal is to compare the stress, deformation and weight decrease feasible through utilization of crossover/hybrid composite leaf spring when contrasted with regular leaf spring. The composite material selected for this purpose is glass fibre reinforced polymer (E-glass/epoxy). It has been observed that material combination of 2 Eglass + 3EN45 results in weight reduction of 18.14 kg in one leaf spring, which is practically 50% of the conventional leaf spring. lEglass +4sup9 have 50% higher cost than the conventional spring but have lower stress value compared to conventional leaf spring & has achieved weight reduction of 14.77 kg in one leaf spring.
Study on fog computing: security & privacy challenges in terms of IoT
Authors: Singh Jayant Kumar , Goel Amit kumar
Published: September 2021

As of late, the idea of (IoT) Internet of Things is pulling in strong consideration because of the gigantic potential. IoT is the systems administration of physical devices that are both associated and smart. Threats and Security issues are a constant problem faced in cloud computing these days, but in total assurance it’s not yet completely researched. Cisco made the term ‘Fog Computing’ which is nothing but an extension of Cloud Computing to the system edge. Along with the enormous advancements in IoT, current Cloud frameworks face different disadvantages, for example, absence of versatility support, area mindfulness, geo-dissemination, high latency, just as digital dangers. Fog computing extends cloud computing, cloud computing give data, figure, stockpiling, and application administrations to end-user, additionally the fog computing likewise offer the types of assistance like process, data, application and capacity to end user. In this manner, fog computing might be viewed as decision for empowering the IoT to offer proficient and safe types of assistance for some IoT users. This paper dissects the difficulties and issues that are looked by Fog calculation regarding privacy and security in detail.