bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fast solution algorithms for exponentially tempered fractional diffusion equations
Authors: Lei Siu‐Long , Fan Daoying , Chen Xu
Published: March 2018

In this article, a fast‐iterative method and a fast‐direct method is proposed for solving one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional tempered fractional diffusion equations with constant coefficients. The proposed iterative method is accelerated by circulant preconditioning which is shown to converge superlinearly while the proposed direct method is based on circulant and skew‐circulant representation for Toeplitz matrix inversion. In one‐dimensional case, the operation cost of the proposed methods are both shown to be with memory requirement in each time step, where is the number of spatial nodes. With the alternating direction implicit method, it is proven that the proposed fast solution algorithms can be extended to handle two‐dimensional tempered fractional diffusion equations with operation cost and memory requirement in each time step, where the number of spatial nodes in ‐direction and ‐direction both equal to . Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed methods.
Comparative Protein Interaction Network Analysis Identifies Shared and Distinct Functions for the Human ROCO Proteins
Authors: Tomkins James E. , Dihanich Sybille , Beilina Alexandra , Ferrari Raffaele , Ilacqua Nicolò , Cookson Mark R. , Lewis Patrick A. , Manzoni Claudia
Published: March 2018

Signal transduction cascades governed by kinases and GTPases are a critical component of the command and control of cellular processes, with the precise outcome partly determined by direct protein–protein interactions (PPIs). Here, we use the human ROCO proteins as a model for investigating PPI signaling events—taking advantage of the unique dual kinase/GTPase activities and scaffolding properties of these multidomain proteins. PPI networks are reported that encompass the human ROCO proteins, developed using two complementary approaches. First, using the recently developed weighted PPI network analysis (WPPINA) pipeline, a confidence‐weighted overview of validated ROCO protein interactors is obtained from peer‐reviewed literature. Second, novel ROCO PPIs are assessed experimentally via protein microarray screens. The networks derived from these orthologous approaches are compared to identify common elements within the ROCO protein interactome; functional enrichment analysis of this common core of the network identified stress response and cell projection organization as shared functions within this protein family. Despite the presence of these commonalities, the results suggest that many unique interactors and therefore some specialized cellular roles have evolved for different members of the ROCO proteins. Overall, this multi‐approach strategy to increase the resolution of protein interaction networks represents a prototype for the utility of PPI data integration in understanding signaling biology.
Gaining Insight Into Posttranslationally Modified HIV Antigens and Their Underlying Characteristics
Authors: Marino Fabio
Published: March 2018

Mass spectrometry (MS)‐based immunopeptidomics has developed as one of the leading methodologies for comprehensive characterization of in vivo presented human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐bound peptides. Unveiling the identity of HLA‐bound peptides derived from diseased cells is crucial to gain knowledge on the constitution of efficient disease‐specific T cell responses. The HLA‐presented peptidome reflects the status of the cellular proteome, hence disease‐related aberrations of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) might lead to presentation of peptides harboring PTMs. Therefore, characterization of HLA‐bound PTM peptides could shed light on their relevance in immune and disease processes. In this issue, Ramarathinam et al. investigate the presentation of HIV envelope (HIVenv) peptides bound to the HLA‐B*57:01 allele. Among these peptides, the authors specifically focused on a kynurenine‐modified peptide. To this end, they characterize the possible origin of the kynurenine modification, its effect on HLA binding affinity, stability, conformation within the complex, and its immunogenicity compared to the native counterpart.
Non‐isocyanate strategy for anionically stabilized water‐borne polyurea dispersions and coatings
Authors: Ma Shuang , Chen Cheng , Sablong Rafaël J. , Koning Cor E. , van Benthem Rolf A. T. M.
Published: March 2018

An isocyanate‐free strategy for the preparation of anionically stabilized water‐borne polyurea (PU) dispersions was developed with diamines, dicarbamates, and dianhydrides as monomers. Poly(amic acid urea)s (PAAUs) with number average molecular weights up to 34 kDa were synthesized from ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride and diamine‐functional PUs. The latter were produced from polymerization of dicarbamates and diamines. The factors that affected the particle sizes of the corresponding PAAU dispersions were investigated. Water‐borne PAAU coatings cured at elevated temperatures exhibited much better material properties than those cured at 50 °C as a result of crosslinking due to amine/carboxylic acid reactions and noncyclic imidization. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 1078–1090
A meta‐analysis of the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy on quality of life and psychological health of breast cancer survivors and patients
Authors: Ye Mengfei , Du Kanghui , Zhou Jingying , Zhou Quanqian , Shou Mengna , Hu Baiqi , Jiang Panruo , Dong Nan , He Luying , Liang Shenglin , Yu Chaoyang , Zhang Jian , Ding Zhinan , Liu Zheng
Published: March 2018

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) on quality of life (QOL) and psychological health of breast cancer survivors and patients.

Methods

A total of 1289 references were examined from an overall literature search in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy of CBT compared with a range of comparators in cancer survivors. We assessed the effect of CBT by using the standardized mean difference as effect size.

Results

Among 1289 abstracts and 292 full‐text articles reviewed, 10 studies were included. At the posttreatment period, the pooled effect size for CBT on QOL was 0.57 (95% CI, 0.44 to 0.69; P < .001), on depression was −1.11 (95% CI, −1.28 to −0.94; P < .001), on stress was −0.40 (95% CI, −0.53 to −0.26; P < .001), on anxiety was −1.10 (95% CI, −1.27 to −0.93; P < .001), and on hyperarousal cluster of symptoms was −0.18 (95% CI, −0.30 to −0.05; P < .001). The QOL was considered statistically medium effect sizes. The depression and anxiety were considered statistically large effect sizes.

Conclusions

Cognitive behavior therapy is an effective therapy for psychological symptoms of cancer survivors and patients, with meaningfully clinical effect sizes. These findings suggested that CBT should be used as the intervention for breast cancer survivors and patients when possible.
Probing Oxygen Defects in Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 Ferroelectric by Micro‐Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Selvamani Rachna , Singh Gurvinderjit , Sathe Vasant , Tiwari Vidya Sagar
Published: March 2018

Raman spectroscopy of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 ceramic is carried out at room temperature. In addition to well‐known Raman modes, two extra bands are also observed near 770 and 835 cm−1. Their presence is conjectured to the presence of oxygen defects in the crystal lattice. The intensity of these bands increases with an increase in oxygen defect concentration. It is proposed that Raman spectroscopy could be a useful tool for detecting the oxygen defects in Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 based ferroelectrics.
Hydropeaking in small hydropower in Norway—Compliance with license conditions?
Authors: L'Abée‐Lund J.H. , Otero J.
Published: March 2018

Hydropeaking involves rapid changes in water flow, causing negative effects on aquatic organisms. To reduce these effects, hydropower licenses contain restrictions on hydropeaking. The owners of a hydropower plant are obliged to follow the requirements in the license. This study was conducted to understand the effect of environmental policies in small hydro licenses. We studied the occurrence of hydropeaking by analysing 256 high‐head, small Norwegian hydropower plants in relation to a set of characteristics that define each plant. We selected plants that were online during 2005–2014 and chose 2015 as a year for hourly production patterns. We counted the number of starts, that is, the moment when the hydro facility starts to produce energy, as an indicator of hydropeaking. Among the analysed plants, 75.8% had restrictions to practice hydropeaking. Production typically showed daily, weekly, and annual cycles though shapes varied depending on turbine type and location. The number of starts was independent on having or not having a license to practice hydropeaking. The average duration of periods with production and the average production in these periods were higher for plants without restrictions. The number of starts varied widely among plants. The number of starts was lower for installed Pelton turbines than for Francis and Kaplan turbines, which was in agreement with the characteristics of the turbines. Overall, these results show that hydropeaking restrictions given in the licenses are rarely followed. The high number of starts may be explained by failure in the grid system, improper maintenance, and financial interests. Their relative importance should be subject to further investigation.
Combination of Tetrabutylammonium Iodide (TBAI) with tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide (TBHP): An Efficient Transition‐Metal‐Free System to Construct Various Chemical Bonds
Authors: Chen Rongxiang , Chen Jijun , Zhang Jie , Wan Xiaobing
Published: March 2018

In this account, we describe our recent progress on transition‐metal‐free‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions using tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) as the catalyst and tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as the oxidant. A rich variety of important organic compounds including α‐acyloxy ethers, tert‐butyl peresters, allylic esters, amides, α‐amino nitriles, fully substituted pyrazoles, N‐sulfonyl formamidines, α‐amino acid esters, cyanomethyl esters, N‐nitrosamines, and 3‐acyloxy‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofurans have been successfully achieved in high chemoselectivity. Mechanistic studies suggested that TBAI could decompose TBHP to tBuO. and tBuOO. or be oxdized to (hypo)iodite by TBHP.
The Need for Student Engagement
Authors: Hamilton Andrew
Published: March 2018

This chapter focuses on the question of what it takes to bring much needed improvement to higher education, and concludes that meaningful change will likely have to come from the inside. Reasons to restructure courses in ways consistent with how our students relate to their academic and intellectual lives are presented. To reverse some troubling trends, faculty and institutions will need to inspire students to engage more fully their study and learning time.
Student Engagement with Other Students
Authors: Woodard Bobby R. , Fatzinger Jim B.
Published: March 2018

The collegiate experience provides opportunities for learners to engage with others in an environment that prepares graduates for twenty‐first century challenges. This chapter offers reasons why students should engage with other students by doing, feeling, and thinking, and posits that engagement on campus not only serves students individually and collectively, but also contributes to a vibrant campus‐learning environment.
Global employment and social trends
Authors: Kühn Stefan
Published: March 2018

Despite the economic recovery of 2017 and 2018, the weak growth potential is weighing heavily on the global economy's capacity to reduce decent work deficits in the medium term. This Chapter assesses the estimates and projections of these deficits in terms of (i) unemployment, (ii) vulnerable employment, and (iii) working poverty, for the world and for country groups by level of development.
Employment and social trends by region
Authors: Milasi Santo , Yoon Sheena
Published: March 2018

Given the heterogeneity of labour market and social outcomes across regions around the world, this chapter discusses recent economic and labour market developments across and within five ILO regions, highlighting the main challenges to the short‐term employment and social prospects. An assessment of the latest trends and projections for unemployment, vulnerable employment and working poverty is provided for each of the regions.
Assessment of chemical elements in cosmetics' eyeshadows by X‐ray fluorescence and International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients characterization
Authors: Santos Bruna Vilela , de Oliveira Júnior José Martins , Bonventi Júnior Waldemar , Hanai‐Yoshida Valquíria Miwa
Published: March 2018

Energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF) technique, as a qualitative and quantitative analysis, was used for inorganic chemical elements determination (K, S, Cl, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Pb, Zn, Rb, and Bi) in eyeshadows for safe human use. International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients standardized nomenclature was used for labels investigation to obtain data on legal regularity. Data of 23 samples were clustered by similarity, measuring relative concentrations of detected chemical elements. Calculating the correlation among such values, a similarity matrix was used to generate a dendrogram. Pb was found in samples silver color S12E and copper color S22I above permissible limits (20 μg/g). Same composition was reported for the pink (S01A), black (S02A), and brown (S03A) samples, but the same chemical elements were not detected by EDXRF in them. The best correlation was found between samples S08D and S23 J (0.961). The least correlation was 0.0012 between S01A and S12E. The clustering analysis showed 7 groups of similar samples according to EDXRF data. Relations among 6 eyeshadows' colors and chemical compositions were discovered by using decision trees, where the most determinant elements were Mn, S, Cl, Ca, and Fe, in this order. Commercial regularization and International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients standardization of eyeshadows in Brazil are not fully complied by the manufacturers of the investigated brands.
The effects of two different doses of ultraviolet-A light exposure on nitric oxide metabolites and cardiorespiratory outcomes
Authors: Monaghan Chris , McIlvenna Luke C. , Liddle Luke , Burleigh Mia , Weller Richard B. , Fernandez Bernadette O. , Feelisch Martin , Muggeridge David J. , Easton Chris
Published: March 2018

Purpose

The present study investigated different doses of ultraviolet-A (UV-A) light on plasma nitric oxide metabolites and cardiorespiratory variables.

Methods

Ten healthy male participants completed three experimental conditions, 7 days apart. Participants were exposed to no light (CON); 10 J cm2 (15 min) of UV-A light (UVA10) and 20 J cm2 (30 min) of UV-A light (UVA20) in a randomized order. Plasma nitrite [NO2−] and nitrate [NO3−] concentrations, blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) were recorded before, immediately after exposure and 30 min post-exposure. Whole body oxygen utilization ($${{\dot{V}}}{\rm O}_{2}$$

V
˙

O
2

), resting metabolic rate (RMR) and skin temperature were recorded continuously.

Results

None of the measured parameters changed significantly during CON (all P > 0.05). $${{\dot{V}}}{\rm O}_{2}$$

V
˙

O
2

and RMR were significantly reduced immediately after UVA10 (P < 0.05) despite no change in plasma [NO2−] (P > 0.05). Immediately after exposure to UVA20, plasma [NO2−] was higher (P = 0.014) and $${{\dot{V}}}{\rm O}_{2}$$

V
˙

O
2

and RMR tended to be lower compared to baseline (P = 0.06). There were no differences in [NO2−] or $${{\dot{V}}}{\rm O}_{2}$$

V
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O
2

at the 30 min time point in any condition. UV-A exposure did not alter systolic BP, diastolic BP or MAP (all P > 0.05). UV-A light did not alter plasma [NO3−] at any time point (all P > 0.05).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that a UV-A dose of 20 J cm2 is necessary to increase plasma [NO2−] although a smaller dose is capable of reducing $${{\dot{V}}}{\rm O}_{2}$$

V
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O
2

and RMR at rest. Exposure to UV-A did not significantly reduce BP in this cohort of healthy adults. These data suggest that exposure to sunlight has a meaningful acute impact on metabolic function.
Informed Decision‐Making in the Context of Prenatal Chromosomal Microarray
Authors: Baker Jessica , Shuman Cheryl , Chitayat David , Wasim Syed , Okun Nan , Keunen Johannes , Hofstedter Renee , Silver Rachel
Published: March 2018

The introduction of chromosomal microarray (CMA) into the prenatal setting has involved considerable deliberation due to the wide range of possible outcomes (e.g., copy number variants of uncertain clinical significance). Such issues are typically discussed in pre‐test counseling for pregnant women to support informed decision‐making regarding prenatal testing options. This research study aimed to assess the level of informed decision‐making with respect to prenatal CMA and the factor(s) influencing decision‐making to accept CMA for the selected prenatal testing procedure (i.e., chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis). We employed a questionnaire that was adapted from a three‐dimensional measure previously used to assess informed decision‐making with respect to prenatal screening for Down syndrome and neural tube defects. This measure classifies an informed decision as one that is knowledgeable, value‐consistent, and deliberated. Our questionnaire also included an optional open‐ended question, soliciting factors that may have influenced the participants’ decision to accept prenatal CMA; these responses were analyzed qualitatively. Data analysis on 106 participants indicated that 49% made an informed decision (i.e., meeting all three criteria of knowledgeable, deliberated, and value‐consistent). Analysis of 59 responses to the open‐ended question showed that “the more information the better” emerged as the dominant factor influencing both informed and uninformed participants’ decisions to accept prenatal CMA. Despite learning about the key issues in pre‐test genetic counseling, our study classified a significant portion of women as making uninformed decisions due to insufficient knowledge, lack of deliberation, value‐inconsistency, or a combination of these three measures. Future efforts should focus on developing educational approaches and counseling strategies to effectively increase the rate of informed decision‐making among women offered prenatal CMA.
Pregnant Genetic Counselors in an Era of Advanced Genomic Tests: What Do the Experts Test Prenatally?
Authors: Shkedi‐Rafid Shiri , Hashiloni‐Dolev Yael
Published: March 2018

Advanced genomic tests in pregnancy, such as chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), provide higher detection rates yet often produce probabilistic and uncertain information. This study aimed to understand how the most knowledgeable patients, i.e., pregnant genetic counselors, act in their own pregnancies, thereby gaining insight into the impact of patients’ knowledge on the diagnostic process. Seventeen interviews were conducted with Israeli genetic counselors, either pregnant or up to 2 years post‐pregnancy. A third of the participants chose not to have CMA while two thirds underwent it despite no detected abnormalities. Although knowledge was the main motivation, counselors varied in the desired degree of information. Two thirds of those opting for CMA wished to have all findings identified whereas roughly one third asked for a targeted platform seeking to avoid uncertain results. Counselors were not quick to adopt new tests such as whole‐exome sequencing. Being knowledgeable was described as promoting a sense of control yet also being a source of stress and moral dilemmas. While the basic premise of informed consent is crucial, it does not always make things easier for educated patients. Consequently, raising levels of patient knowledge is only a limited step forward in the search for best practice.
The reciprocal relationship between physical activity and depression: Does age matter?
Authors: Wassink-Vossen S. , Collard R.M. , Hiles S.A. , Oude Voshaar R.C. , Naarding P.
Published: March 2018

Background:

The level of physical activity (PA) and the prevalence of depression both change across the lifespan. We examined whether the association between PA and depression is moderated by age. As sense of mastery and functional limitations have been previously associated with low PA and depression in older adults, we also examined whether these are determinants of the differential effect of age on PA and depression.

Methods:

1079 patients with major depressive disorder (aged 18–88 years) were followed-up after two-years; depression diagnosis and severity as well as PA were re-assessed. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to test reciprocal prospective associations between PA and depression outcomes. In all models the interaction with age was tested.

Results:

PA at baseline predicted remission of depressive disorder at follow-up (OR = 1.43 [95% CI: 1.07–1.93], p =.018). This effect was not moderated by age. PA predicted improvement of depression symptom severity in younger (B = −2.03; SE =.88; p =.022), but not in older adults (B = 2.24; SE = 1.48; p =.128) (p =.015 for the interaction PA by age in the whole sample). The level of PA was relatively stable over time. Depression, sense of mastery and functional limitation were for all ages not associated with PA at follow-up.

Conclusions:

Age did not moderate the impact of PA on depressive disorder remission. Only in younger adults, sufficient PA independently predicts improvement of depressive symptom severity after two-year follow-up. Level of PA rarely changed over time, and none of the determinants tested predicted change in PA, independent of age.
The wake structure and transition process of a flow past a sphere affected by a streamwise magnetic field
Authors: Pan Jun-Hua , Zhang Nian-Mei , Ni Ming-Jiu
Published: March 2018

The wake structure and transition process of an incompressible viscous fluid flow past a sphere affected by an imposed streamwise magnetic field are investigated numerically over flow regimes that include steady and unsteady laminar flows at Reynolds numbers up to 300. For cases without a magnetic field, a subregion with the existence of a limit cycle is found in the range $210<Re<270$. The point of division is between $Re=220$ and $Re=230$. For cases with a streamwise magnetic field, five wake patterns are the steady axisymmetric wake with an attached separation bubble, the steady plane symmetric wake with a small spiral dismissed, the steady plane symmetric wake with a limit cycle, the steady plane symmetric wake with a small spiral fed by the upstream fluid and the unsteady plane symmetric wake with a wave-like oscillation or vortex shedding. Under the influence of an imposed streamwise magnetic field, the wake will be transitioned to various patterns. An interesting ‘reversion phenomenon’, which describes the topological structure behind a sphere with a higher Reynolds number and a certain interaction parameter which corresponds to a lower Reynolds number case with a certain interaction parameter or a much lower Reynolds number case without a magnetic field, is also found. The principal results of the present work are summarized in a map of regimes in the $\{N,Re\}$ plane.
Analytic model of a resistive magnetohydrodynamic shock without Hall effect
Authors: Berton Roland P. H.
Published: March 2018

An analytic model of a stationary hypersonic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) shock with an externally applied magnetic field is proposed. Basically, original jump conditions at a plane oblique shock, analogous to the Rankine–Hugoniot formulae, with a moderately resistive air plasma downstream are derived. Viscous, thermal and Hall effects are neglected, but the plasma dissociation behind the shock causing a jump of isentropic exponent is also a major input of the model. Then, a shock-fitting procedure with ambient atmospheric conditions is worked out by the coupling of these MHD jumps with thermodynamic correlations and an electric conductivity model. For an application to atmospheric entry problems, the flow behind an axisymmetric blunt-body shock is modelled with a stream function satisfying these MHD jump conditions as boundary conditions. An important feature put into evidence is a similarity rule involving the hypersonic parameter$M_{1}\cos \unicode[STIX]{x1D712}_{1}$, which shows an aerodynamic correspondence between the upstream Mach number$M_{1}$and the velocity angle$\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}_{1}$. It also emerges that curvature effects become important past$30^{\circ }$and the assumption of a spherical shock also becomes untenable past$50^{\circ }$; therefore, we limit the model of shock thickness used in the MHD fitting to$\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}_{1}<50^{\circ }$.
An ecomorphospace for the Ammonoidea
Authors: Walton Sonny A. , Korn Dieter
Published: March 2018

The fossil conchs of ammonoids provide valuable information about the life habits of this extinct group. A new conch measurement, the apertural surface area (ASarea), is introduced here along with modeled sizes of the buccal mass and the hyponome, based on ratios of these organs in comparison with the aperture height from the RecentNautilus pompilius. A principal components analysis was performed using the three main characters: (1) apertural surface area index (i.e., the ratio of the apertural surface and the conch diameter), (2) buccal mass area index (i.e., the ratio between the buccal mass area and the ASarea), and (3) coiling rate of the conch. It revealed an ecomorphospace where life history traits can be tentatively assigned to species of the Ammonoidea. In this morphospace, RecentNautilushas a marginal position, being one of the ectocochleate cephalopods with best properties for active life (capacity for handling large food items, rather good mobility). In contrast, most ammonoids possessed, at comparable conch sizes, much smaller buccal apparatuses and hyponomes, suggesting a more passive life history with reduced mobility potential and reduced capacities for larger prey items.
Determination of static space occupied by individual weaner and growing pigs using an image-based monitoring system
Authors: Fels M. , Konen K. , Hessel E. , Kemper N.
Published: March 2018

In the present study, precise, animal-based biometric data on the space needed for the body dimensions of individual pigs (static space) were collected. Per batch, two groups of eight piglets each were formed after weaning (35 days old). Using three-dimensional cameras that recorded a piglets’ pen from above and newly developed software, the static space of individuals was determined over 6 weeks. The area covered by an individual increased almost linearly with increasing body weight (R2= 0.97). At the end of rearing (25 kg body weight), an individual covered 1704 cm2in standing position, 1687 cm2in sitting posture and 1798 cm2in a recumbent position. According to the allometric equation: Space =k× body weight0.667,kvalues for the static space in standing position (k= 0.021), in recumbent position in general (k= 0.022) and in lateral recumbent posture (k= 0.027) were calculated. Compared with spatial requirements in different countries, the results of static space obtained in the present study revealed that pigs weighing 25 kg are provided with 0.09–0.18 m2free space per pig which is not covered by the pig's body. This free space can be used as dynamic space needed for body movements or social interactions. The present study was not intended to enhance space recommendations in pig farming, but to demonstrate the amount of free space in a pigs’ pen. It was shown that innovative technologies based on image analysis offer completely new possibilities to assess spatial requirements for pigs.
Why the Liberal World Order Will Survive
Authors: Ikenberry G. John
Published: March 2018

The crisis of the American-led international order would seem to open up new opportunities for rising states—led by China, India, and other non-Western developing countries—to reshape the global order. As their capacities and influence grow, will these states rise up and integrate into the existing order or will they seek to overturn and reorganize it? The realist hegemonic perspective expects today's power transition to lead to growing struggles between the West and the “rest” over global rules and institutions. In contrast, this essay argues that although America's hegemonic position may be declining, the liberal international characteristics of order—openness, rules, and multilateralism—are deeply rooted and likely to persist. And even as China seeks in various ways to build rival regional institutions, there are stubborn limits on what it can do.
Validation of the Brief Developmental Assessment in pre-school children with heart disease
Authors: Brown Katherine L. , Ridout Deborah A. , Pagel Christina , Lakhanpaul Monica , Kakat Suzan , Banks Victoria , Franklin Rodney , Witter Thomas , Lakhani Rhian , Tibby Shane , Anderson David , Tsang Victor , Hoskote Aparna U. , Wray Jo
Published: March 2018

Introduction

The objective of this study was to prospectively validate the “Brief Developmental Assessment”, which is a new early recognition tool for neurodevelopmental abnormalities in children with heart disease that was developed for use by cardiac teams.

Methods

This was a prospective validation study among a representative sample of 960 pre-school children with heart disease from three United Kingdom tertiary cardiac centres who were analysed grouped into five separate age bands.

Results

The “Brief Developmental Assessment” was successfully validated in the older four age bands, but not in the youngest representing infants under the age of 4 months, as pre-set validation thresholds were met – lower 95% confidence limit for the correlation coefficient above 0.75 – in terms of agreement of scores between two raters and with an external measure the “Mullen Scales of Early Learning”. On the basis of American Association of Pediatrics Guidelines, which state that the sensitivity and specificity of a developmental screening tool should fall between 70 and 80%, “Brief Developmental Assessment” outcome of Red meets this threshold for detection of Mullen scores >2 standard deviations below the mean.

Conclusion

The “Brief Developmental Assessment” may be used to improve the quality of assessment of children with heart disease. This will require a training package for users and a guide to action for abnormal results. Further research is needed to determine how best to deploy the “Brief Developmental Assessment” at different time points in children with heart disease and to determine the management strategy in infants younger than 4 months old.
Outline of Infrared Space Astrometry missions:JASMINE
Authors: Gouda N. ,   JASMINE working group
Published: March 2018

Japanese group is promoting infrared space astrometry missions, JASMINE project series, in international collaboration with Gaia DPAC team. In this paper, the outline of Nano-JASMINE and Small-JASMINE missions is shown.
Alerting observations of asteroids at the SBG telescope of the Kourovka Astronomical Observatory in the Gaia-FUN-SSO Network
Authors: Kuznetsov Eduard , Glamazda Dmitry , Kaiser Galina , Wiebe Yulia
Published: March 2018

Regular astrometric observations of small bodies of the Solar System are conducted using a SBG telescope of the Kourovka Astronomical Observatory of the Ural Federal University. The first results of participation in Gaia-FUN-SSO network are presented.
Using Gaia spectrophotometric data for the purposes of asteroid taxonomy
Authors: Cellino Alberto , Tanga Paolo , Delbo Marco , Galluccio Laurent , Bendjoya Philippe , De Angeli Francesca
Published: March 2018

A new asteroid taxonomy will be an important result of Gaia observations of Solar System objects. Since Gaia observes asteroids in observing conditions and in an interval of wavelength which are slightly different with respect to normal ground-based observations, a dedicated observing campaign has been carried out at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo in La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain). The obtained spectra have been used to generate a large number of synthetic clones, each one having slight changes with respect to its parent spectrum. These synthetic spectra are then used to feed the algorithm of taxonomic classification developed to reduce Gaia asteroid spectra. Processing of these data is in progress.
The mass-ratio distribution of spectroscopic binaries along the main-sequence
Authors: Boffin Henri M. J. , Pourbaix Dimitri
Published: March 2018

Binarity is now a well-established quality affecting a large fraction of stars, and recent studies have shown that the fraction of binaries is a function of the spectral type of the primary star, with most massive stars being member of a close binary system. By cross-matching TGAS with SB9, we went one step further and derived the mass ratio distribution of binary systems as a function of the spectral type of the primary star. This, combined with the binary fraction, provides very strong constraints on star formation and critical input for stellar population models.
The nearby triple star HIP 101955
Authors: Xia Fang
Published: March 2018

The nearby triple star HIP 101955 with strongly inclined orbit still remains. Thus the long-term dynamical stability deserves to be discussed based on the new dynamical state parameters (component masses and kinematic parameters) derived from fitting the accurate three-body model to the radial velocity, the Hipparcos Intermediate Astrometric Data (HIAD), and the accumulated speckle and visual data. It is found that the three-body system remains integrated and most likely undergoes Kozai cycles. With the already accumulated high-precision data, the three-body effects cannot always be neglected in the determination of the dynamical state. And it is expected that this will be the general case under the available Gaia data.
Solar system astrometry, Gaia, and the large surveys – a huge step ahead to stellar occultations by distant small solar system bodies
Authors: Camargo J. I. B. , Banda-Huarca M. V. , Ogando R. L. , Desmars J. , Braga-Ribas F. , Vieira-Martins R. , Assafin M. , Sicardy B. , Bérard D. , Benedetti-Rossi G. , da Costa L. A. N. , Maia M. A. G. , Carrasco-Kind M. , Drlica-Wagner A.
Published: March 2018

The stellar occultation technique is a powerful tool to study distant small solar system bodies. Currently, around 2 500 trans-neptunian objects (TNOs) and Centaurs are known. With the astrometry from Gaia and large surveys like the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), accurate predictions of occultation events will be available to tens of thousands of TNOs and Centaurs and boost the knowledge of the outer solar system.
S stars in the Gaia era: stellar parameters and nucleosynthesis
Authors: Van Eck Sophie , Karinkuzhi Drisya , Shetye Shreeya , Jorissen Alain , Goriely Stéphane , Siess Lionel , Merle Thibault , Plez Bertrand
Published: March 2018

S stars are s-process and C-enriched (0.5<C/O<1) red giants. Their abundances can be determined thanks to a new grid of MARCS model atmospheres covering their whole parameter range. Detailed abundance determinations in intrinsic S stars (TP-AGB) and extrinsic S stars (binary masqueraders) can provide strong constraints on the s-process nucleosynthesis: in particular, the s-process temperature can be determined using zirconium and niobium abundances, independently of stellar evolution models. Synthetic spectra of dwarf S stars have been computed and will be sought for in spectroscopic survey data, constraining their luminosity thanks to Gaia parallaxes.
Prospects for asteroid mass determination from close encounters between asteroids: ESA's Gaia space mission and beyond
Authors: Ivantsov Anatoliy , Hestroffer Daniel , Eggl Siegfried
Published: March 2018

We present a catalog of potential candidates for asteroid mass determination based on mutual close encounters of numbered asteroids with massive perturbers (D>20 km). Using a novel geometric approach tuned to optimize observability, we predict optimal epochs for mass determination observations. In contrast to previous studies that often used simplified dynamical models, we have numerically propagated the trajectories of all numbered asteroids over the time interval from 2013 to 2023 using relativistic equations of motion including planetary perturbations, J2 of the Sun, the 16 major asteroid perturbers and the perturbations due to non-sphericities of the planets. We compiled a catalog of close encounters between asteroids where the observable perturbation of the sky plane trajectory is greater than 0.5 mas so that astrometric measurements of the perturbed asteroids in the Gaia data can be leveraged. The catalog v1.0 is available at ftp://dosya.akdeniz.edu.tr/ivantsov.
The kinematics and surface mass density in the solar neighbourhood using TGASxRAVE
Authors: Hagen Jorrit H. J. , Helmi Amina
Published: March 2018

We investigate the kinematics of stars in the Solar neighbourhood by combining radial velocities from the latest data release of the RAVE survey with the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution presented in Gaia Data Release 1. We use moments of the velocity distribution to characterise the kinematics over a radial distance range of 6-10 kpc and up to 1 kpc away from the plane. Our ultimate goal is to use these to put new constraints on the (local) distribution of mass using the Jeans Equations.
Observations of the satellites of the major planets at Pulkovo Observatory: history and present
Authors: Shakht N. A. , Devyatkin A. V. , Gorshanov D. L. , Chubey M. S.
Published: March 2018

In connection with long on-orbit European space satellite Gaia and the opportunity that now provides ESA, to use the results of observations of the space telescope, we would like to present some results of our long-term observations of the major planets satellites at Pulkovo Observatory. We hope to translate into reality these opportunities, namely the use of new observations and new ephemeris and a practical possibility of a new reduction for modern and old observations. The essential facilities can appear in the space, we give the shortest presentation of space project Orbital Stellar Stereoscopic Observatory.
The Gaia mission status
Authors: Prusti T.
Published: March 2018

Gaia is an ESA cornerstone mission conducting a full sky survey over its 5 year operational period. Gaia performs astrometric, photometric and spectroscopic measurements. The data processing is entrusted to scientists and engineers who have formed the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC). The photometric science alerts started in 2014. The first intermediate data release (Gaia DR1) took place 14 September 2016 and it has been extensively used by the community. Gaia DR2 is scheduled for April 2018. Gaia is expected to be able to continue observations roughly for another 5 years after the nominal phase. The procedure to grant funding for the extension period has been initiated. In case funding is granted, the total operational time of Gaia may be 10 years.
Self-consistent Modelling of the Milky Way using Gaia data
Authors: Cole David R. , Binney James
Published: March 2018

Angle/action based distribution function (DF) models can be optimised based on how well they reproduce observations thus revealing the current matter distribution in the Milky Way. Gaia data combined with data from other surveys, e.g. the RAVE/TGAS sample, and its full selection function will greatly improve their accuracy.
Complex study of the open cluster NGC 2281
Authors: Velčovský Jaroslav , Janík Jan
Published: March 2018

We present the complex study of the open cluster NGC 2281 where both traditional and newly developed methods for study of open clusters have been used. Morphological and dynamical parameters of the cluster were obtained from the accepted astrometric data. The new method “Superposition of Gaussian surfaces” along with proper motion of stars was used to determine membership probabilities which were helpful in selection of stars for further analysis. Metallicity and radial velocity of the cluster were obtained from spectroscopic measurements. Age, colour excess, and distance of the cluster were determined using absolute CCD photometry combined with previous results. The results were compared with those of previous studies.
Chemo-dynamical signatures in simulated Milky Way-like galaxies
Authors: Spagna Alessandro , Curir Anna , Giammaria Marco , Lattanzi Mario G. , Murante Giuseppe , Fiorentin Paola Re
Published: March 2018

We have investigated the chemo-dynamical evolution of a Milky Way-like disk galaxy, AqC4, produced by a cosmological simulation integrating a sub-resolution ISM model. We evidence a global inside-out and upside-down disk evolution, that is consistent with a scenario where the “thin disk” stars are formed from the accreted gas close to the galactic plane, while the older “thick disk” stars are originated in situ at higher heights. Also, the bar appears the most effective heating mechanism in the inner disk. Finally, no significant metallicity-rotation correlation has been observed, in spite of the presence of a negative [Fe/H] radial gradient.
Abundance ratios & ages of stellar populations in HARPS-GTO sample
Authors: Mena E. Delgado , Tsantaki M. , Zh. Adibekyan V. , Sousa S. G. , Santos N. C. , Hernández J. I. González , Israelian G.
Published: March 2018

In this work we present chemical abundances of heavy elements (Z>28) for a homogeneous sample of 1059 stars from HARPS planet search program. We also derive ages using parallaxes from Hipparcos and Gaia DR1 to compare the results. We study the [X/Fe] ratios for different populations and compare them with models of Galactic chemical evolution. We find that thick disk stars are chemically disjunt for Zn adn Eu. Moreover, the high-alpha metal-rich population presents an interesting behaviour, with clear overabundances of Cu and Zn and lower abundances of Y and Ba with respect to thin disk stars. Several abundance ratios present a significant correlation with age for chemically separated thin disk stars (regardless of their metallicity) but thick disk stars do not present that behaviour. Moreover, at supersolar metallicities the trends with age tend to be weaker for several elements.
Identification of binary and multiple systems in TGAS using the Virtual Observatory
Authors: Jiménez-Esteban F. , Solano E.
Published: March 2018

Binary and multiple stars have long provided an effective method of testing stellar formation and evolution theories. In particular, wide binary systems with separations > 20,000 au are particularly challenging as their physical separations are beyond the typical size of a collapsing cloud core (5,000 - 10,000 au). We present here a preliminary work in which we make use of the TGAS catalogue and Virtual Observatory tools and services (Aladin, TOPCAT, STILTS, VOSA, VizieR) to identify binary and multiple star candidate systems. The catalogue will be available from the Spanish VO portal (http://svo.cab.inta-csic.es) in the coming months.
How far away and how old are these stars?
Authors: McMillan Paul J. ,   the RAVE Collaboration
Published: March 2018

RAVE is the spectroscopic survey with the largest overlap with TGAS (around 200000 stars). Since RAVE's fourth data release, it has contained distance estimates based on a Bayesian estimation scheme. Here we compare these estimates to TGAS's parallaxes, to determine the strengths and weaknesses of each. We also combine the two datasets together to find more precise distance estimates for all these stars.
Dynamical masses of Cepheids from the GAIA parallaxes
Authors: Gallenne A. , Kervella P. , Mérand A. , Evans N. R. , Proffitt C.
Published: March 2018

The mass of a Cepheid is a fundamental parameter for studying the pulsation and evolution of intermediate-mass stars. But determining this variable has been a long-standing problem for decades. Detecting the companions (by spectroscopy or imaging) is a difficult task because of the brightness of the Cepheids and the close orbit of the components. So most of the Cepheid masses are derived using stellar evolution or pulsation modeling, but they differ by 10-20 %. Measurements of dynamical masses offer the unique opportunity to make progress in resolving this mass discrepancy.

The first problem in studying binary Cepheids is the high contrast between the components for wavelengths longer than 0.5 μm, which make them single-line spectroscopic binaries. In addition, the close orbit of the companions (<40 mas) prevents us from spatially resolving the systems with a single-dish 8m-class telescope. A technique able to reach high spatial resolution and high-dynamic range is long-baseline interferometry. We have started a long-term program that aims at detecting, monitoring and characterizing physical parameters of the Cepheid companions. The GAIA parallaxes will enable us to combine interferometry with single-line velocities to provide unique dynamical mass measurements of Cepheids.
The Gaia Archive
Authors: Mora Alcione , González-Núñez Juan , Baines Deborah , Durán Javier , Gutiérrez-Sanchéz Raúl , Racero Elena , Salgado Jesús , Segovia Juan Carlos
Published: March 2018

The Archive is the main Gaia data distribution hub. The contents of DR1 are briefly reviewed and the data structures discussed. The system architecture, based on Virtual Observatory standards, is also presented, together with the extensions that allow e.g. authenticated access, persistent uploads and table sharing. Finally some usage examples are provided.
Wie kann hermeneutische Fallkompetenz gelingen?
Authors: Ertl-Schmuck Roswitha , Altmeppen Sandra
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung. Portfolioarbeit gewinnt in der Lehrer / innenbildung zunehmend an Bedeutung. Dies lässt sich an der gestiegenen Zahl einschlägiger Veröffentlichungen ebenso ablesen, wie an neueren Gesetzen und Verordnungen, die bspw. für Nordrhein-Westfalen ein flächendeckendes Portfolio für die praktischen Phasen der Lehrer / innenbildung vorsehen (MSW NRW 2009). Diese Entwicklungen werfen die Frage auf, welche Bedeutung Portfolioarbeit in der Lehrer / innenbildung für die Pflege- und Gesundheitsberufe zukünftig hat.
„Operation Team – Interprofessionelle Fortbildung“
Authors: Penner Heike , Hofheinz Rita
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung. Therapeutische Teams im Krankenhaus sollen gemeinsam am gleichen Therapieziel arbeiten – dabei kennen sie sich kaum! Am Patientenbett sind sie sich fremd, eine Kommunikation ist oft mühselig und dann kommt noch der Patient ins Spiel! Eine Begegnung von Fremden in der Fremde? Im Rahmen eines Förderprojekts der Robert Bosch Stiftung wollen die Autorinnen am Karolinska Universitätsklinikum in Stockholm herausfinden, wie gemeinsames Lernen in der Praxis möglich ist.
Urban Agriculture Could Provide Billions in Ecosystem Services
Authors: Witman Sarah
Published: March 2018

Expanding agriculture efforts in cities could improve food security, ecosystem health, and more.
Virtual Poster Showcase Experienced Steady Growth in 2017
Authors: Asher Pranoti , Janick Nathaniel
Published: March 2018

A pilot project for high schools and a geographic information system map, as well as other embellishments, have enhanced a program that enables students to present research electronically.