bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lactic Acidosis Together with GM-CSF and M-CSF Induces Human Macrophages toward an Inflammatory Protumor Phenotype
Authors: Paolini Léa , Adam Clément , Beauvillain Céline , Preisser Laurence , Blanchard Simon , Pignon Pascale , Seegers Valérie , Chevalier Louise-Marie , Campone Mario , Wernert Romuald , Verrielle Véronique , Raro Pedro , Ifrah Norbert , Lavoué Vincent , Descamps Philippe , Morel Alain , Catros Véronique , Tcherkez Guillaume , Lenaers Guy , Bocca Cinzia , Kouassi Nzoughet Judith , Procaccio Vincent , Delneste Yves , Jeannin Pascale
Published: January 2020

In established tumors, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) orchestrate nonresolving cancer-related inflammation and produce mediators favoring tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis. However, the factors conferring inflammatory and protumor properties on human macrophages remain largely unknown. Most solid tumors have high lactate content. We therefore analyzed the impact of lactate on human monocyte differentiation. We report that prolonged lactic acidosis induces the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages with a phenotype including protumor and inflammatory characteristics. These cells produce tumor growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines as well as low amounts of IL10. These effects of lactate require its metabolism and are associated with hypoxia-inducible factor-1α stabilization. The expression of some lactate-induced genes is dependent on autocrine M-CSF consumption. Finally, TAMs with protumor and inflammatory characteristics (VEGFhigh CXCL8+ IL1β+) are found in solid ovarian tumors. These results show that tumor-derived lactate links the protumor features of TAMs with their inflammatory properties. Treatments that reduce tumor glycolysis or tumor-associated acidosis may help combat cancer.
MicroRNA-384-5p Promotes Endothelial Progenitor Cell Proliferation and Angiogenesis in Cerebral Ischemic Stroke through the Delta-Likeligand 4-Mediated Notch Signaling Pathway
Authors: Fan Jia , Xu Weiwei , Nan Shanji , Chang Meiji , Zhang Yizhi
Published: January 2020

Background: MicroRNAs (miRs) have a crucial regulatory role in endothelial cell function and tumor angiogenesis by inhibiting the expressions of their target genes. The participation of microRNA-384-5p (miR-384-5p) has been prominently reported in various ischemia-induced diseases such as myocardial ischemia and atherosclerosis. Hence, the present study aimed at exploring the effect of miR-384-5p on proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in cerebral ischemic stroke and investigating the associated underlying mechanism. Methods: A middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mouse model was established, with determination of the expression of cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) proteins. Next, the MCAO mice and EPCs separated from MCAO mice were injected or transfected with mimics or inhibitors of miR-384-5p, or small interference RNA Delta-likeligand 4 (si-DLL4) in order to evaluate their effect on brain infarct size, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. The relationship among miR-384-5p, DLL4, and the Notch signaling pathway was then verified by a series of experiments. Results: In MCAO mice, an increased brain infarct size and cell apoptosis in brain tissues were evident, with decreased expression of miR-384-5p, VEGF, and CD31, as well as increased DLL4 expression. After miR-384-5p mimic or si-DLL4 treatment, the brain infarct size and cell apoptosis in the brain tissues were reduced in compliance with an increased expression of VEGF and CD31. Our findings demonstrated that miR-384-5p negatively regulated the expression of DLL4, which further downregulated the Notch signaling pathway. When miR-384-5p was overexpressed or DLL4 silenced, the cell proliferation and angiogenesis of EPCs were promoted and cell apoptosis was inhibited. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that overexpressed miR-384-5p targeting DLL4 could stimulate proliferation and angiogenesis, while inhibiting apoptosis of EPCs in mice with cerebral ischemic stroke through the Notch signaling pathway.
Evaluation of the in vitro Function of Platelet Concentrates from Pooled Buffy Coats or Apheresis
Authors: Fiedler Sarah Anna , Boller Klaus , Junker Ann-Christine , Kamp Christel , Hilger Anneliese , Schwarz Wolfgang , Seitz Rainer , Salge-Bartels Ursula
Published: January 2020

Background: Platelet concentrates play an important role in transfusion medicine. Their short lifespan and lack of robustness require efforts to ensure adequate product quality. In this study, we compared the in vitro quality of the main concentrate types, pooled platelet concentrate (PPC) from whole blood donations, and platelet concentrate from single-donor apheresis (APC). Methods: Twenty PPCs and 20 APCs prepared in plasma were analyzed on days 2, 4, and 7 of storage. Variables related to metabolism, degranulation, platelet aggregation, P-selectin expression, and annexin V binding were analyzed. Morphology was assessed by transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin sections. A microfluidic device was applied to test the effects of shear stress on platelet function. Results: The metabolic parameters indicated stable storage conditions throughout the 7-day period. The resting discoid form was the prevailing morphology on days 2 and 4 in the PPCs and APCs. Chemokine release and receptor shedding of soluble P-selectin and soluble CD40L equally increased in PPCs and APCs. Aggregation responses to ADP and collagen were heterogeneous, with marked losses in collagen responsiveness on day 4 in individual concentrates. Baseline expression of P-selectin in PPCs and APCs was low, and inducibility of P-selectin was well preserved until day 4. Under shear stress, equal adhesiveness and stability were found with platelets from PPCs and APCs. Conclusions: Platelets from PPCs and APCs showed similar in vitro function and stability parameters. However, platelet concentrates presented a high variability and individual concentrates an impaired functional capability. Identifying the factors contributing to this would help increase product reliability.
Muscle Spindle Density of Lateral Rotators of the Thigh in Japanese Macaques and a Gibbon
Authors: Takeuchi Sawa , Hirasaki Eishi , Kumakura Hiroo
Published: January 2020

We examined the six small lateral rotators of the hip joint, which is one of the most flexible joints and allows kinematically complex motions of the hindlimb, to elucidate the functional differentiation among these muscles and to test the hypothesis that species-specific characteristics in hindlimb use during locomotion are reflected in the muscle spindle density and in other parameters of the deep small hip joint rotators. For these purposes, we estimated the number of muscle spindles of the superior gemellus muscle (SG), inferior gemellus muscle, quadratus femoris muscle, obturator internus muscle (OI), obturator externus muscle, and piriformis muscle in three Japanese macaques and a gibbon, using 30-µm-thick serial sections throughout each muscle length after azan staining. The numbers of muscle spindles per 10,000 muscle fibers were determined to compare inter-muscle variation. The spindle density was highest in the SG and lowest in the OI in the Japanese macaques, suggesting that the SG, which is attached to the tendon of the OI, functions as a kinesiological monitor of the OI. On the other hand, SG the was missing in the gibbon, and the OI in the gibbon contained more spindles than that in the Japanese macaques. This suggests that the SG and the OI fused into one muscle in the gibbon. We postulate that the relative importance of the deep small hip rotator muscles differs between the Japanese macaques and gibbon and that the gibbon’s muscles are less differentiated in terms of the spindle density, probably because this brachiating species uses its hindlimbs less frequently.
Beeinflusst Oxytocin den psychotherapeutischen Prozess? Eine explorative Untersuchung im Kontext einer internetbasierten kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischen Behandlung für die posttraumatische Belastungsstörung
Authors: Engel Sinha , Schumacher Sarah , Niemeyer Helen , Küster Annika , Burchert Sebastian , Rau Heinrich , Willmund Gerd-Dieter , Knaevelsrud Christine
Published: January 2020

Hintergrund: Oxytocin könnte den Erfolg psychotherapeutischer Behandlungen erhöhen, indem es die therapeutische Allianz stärkt. Der Einfluss von Oxytocin auf den psychothe­rapeutischen Prozess, insbesondere die therapeutische Allianz, ist jedoch noch wenig erforscht. Patienten und Metho­den: Im Blut von 35 Bundeswehrsoldaten, die eine fünf­wöchige, internetbasierte, traumafokussierte Psychotherapie für die posttraumatische Belastungsstörung (PTBS) in Anspruch nahmen, wurde vor Behandlungsbeginn Oxytocin gemessen. Es wurde überprüft, ob Oxytocin die Bewertung der therapeutischen Allianz, speziell der Subkomponenten Zustimmung zur Zusammenarbeit und emotionale Bin­dung, die während und nach der Behandlung erfragt wurde, beeinflusste. Der Einfluss von Oxytocin auf weitere allgemeine Wirkfaktoren der Psychotherapie und die Psycho­therapieerwartung und -bewertung wurde exploriert. Ergebnisse: Oxytocin hatte keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die frühe Zustimmung zur Zusammenarbeit. Diese wiederum prädizierte die Symptomreduktion. Frühe emotionale Bindung wurde nicht von Oxytocin beeinflusst und prädizierte auch die Symptomreduktion nicht. Die Deskriptivstatistiken zeigten, dass die allgemeinen Wirkfaktoren der Psychothe­rapie von Patienten mit höheren Oxytocinkonzentrationen positiver eingeschätzt wurden. Die deskriptiven Zusammenhänge zwischen Psychotherapieerwartung und -bewertung und Oxytocin fielen unterschiedlich aus. Diskussionen und Schlussfolgerungen: Es wurden positive Effekte höherer Oxytocinkonzentrationen bei PTBS-Patienten beobachtet. Die Studie ist durch ihre kleine Stichprobengröße limitiert. Ihr Schwerpunkt lag auf deskriptiven Auswertungen und sie muss an größeren, unabhängigen Stichproben repliziert werden. Sie liefert jedoch erste Hinweise für einen positiven Nutzen von Oxytocin bei traumafokussierter Psychotherapie.
Memórias e enlaces
Authors: Fischer Sandra , Vaz Aline
Published: January 2020

Este estudo atenta para imagens de convívios familiares re-apresentados no cinema argentino de ficção como inferência de uma memória pós-ditatorial. Um olhar acurado sobre o filme Leonera (Pablo Trapero, 2008) permite tanto identificar contaminações da política opressora no plano das convivências privadas quanto refletir a respeito dos efeitos deletérios que, derivados de um ordenamento impositivo alinhado não com o acolhimento, mas sim com a exclusão, ali deixam sua marca. A saturação da ordem do público no âmbito doméstico resulta em convívios familiares abortados, motivando movimentos de fuga: exílios e refúgios, trânsitos que na perspectiva – promissora? – do devir podem vir a ser ressignificados em acolhimento e libertação.
Corpo, percepção e valor no pensamento curatorial contemporâneo
Authors: Vidal Junior Icaro Ferraz
Published: January 2020

Este artigo parte de algumas transformações nos estatutos do corpo, do espaço e do tempo, formuladas a partir da hegemonia do cubo branco na configuração espacial das exposições de arte. Lançando mão dos conceitos de medialidade, de Müller e Felinto, de iconofagia, de Baitello Jr., e de aura, de Benjamin, propomos investigar genealogicamente as exposições de arte em suas intersecções com uma paisagem mediática mais abrangente, na qual a proliferação das imagens produz profundas alterações nos estatutos da percepção e do valor.
Seriam as fake news mais eficazes para campanhas de direita?
Authors: Bucci Eugenio
Published: January 2020

A campanha presidencial brasileira de 2018 mostrou forte desgaste de imagem da política tradicional (partidos e políticos). Trouxe evidências – que já tinham sido observadas nos Estados Unidos – de que os seguidores da extrema-direita seriam mais propensos a propagar notícias fraudulentas nas redes sociais. O presente artigo revisita várias pesquisas sobre as eleições de 2018 no Brasil e as de 2016 nos Estados Unidos e anota que, ao menos pelos dados disponíveis, o populismo de viés conservador (de direita) dá sinais de ser mais eficaz no uso das fake news, tirando mais vantagens da ruptura entre o debate político e aquilo a que Hannah Arendt deu o nome de “verdade factual”. Resta saber, a partir de agora, se novos estudos confirmarão a maior aptidão do conservadorismo político para o uso das notícias fraudulentas e quais consequências sobrevirão para a ordem democrática.
Temporal Trends in the Practice Pattern for Venous Thromboembolism in Japan: Insight From JROAD‐DPC
Authors: Yamashita Yugo , Morimoto Takeshi , Yoshikawa Yusuke , Yaku Hidenori , Sumita Yoko , Nakai Michikazu , Ono Koh , Kimura Takeshi
Published: January 2020

Background

Recently, direct oral anticoagulants have been introduced for venous thromboembolism (
VTE
), which might change the management strategies of
VTE
. However, there have been limited data on the current real‐world practice pattern for
VTE
in Asian countries.

Methods and Results

The JROAD‐DPC (Japanese Registry of All Cardiac and Vascular Diseases\xF6Diagnosis Procedure Combination) is a nationwide claim database from 1022 hospitals in Japan between April 2012 and March 2017. We identified 54 369 patients who were hospitalized with a diagnosis of
VTE
at admission based on the
International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision
(
ICD‐10
) code. The mean age was 69.1±15.6 years, 59% were women, and mean body mass index was 23.5±5.0 kg/m
2
. The proportion of patients with deep vein thrombosis decreased over time from 72% in 2012 to 38% in 2017. After the release of direct oral anticoagulants, the proportion of patients receiving direct oral anticoagulants increased dramatically among patients with anticoagulation therapy at discharge with the use of edoxaban, rivaroxaban, and apixaban in 35%, 22%, and 27% of patients, respectively, in 2017. On the other hand, the proportion of patients receiving warfarin decreased from 94% in 2012 to 15% in 2017. The median length of a hospital stay decreased over time from 20 days in 2012 to 13 days in 2017 in patients with pulmonary embolism, and from 14 days in 2012 to 12 days in 2017 in patients with deep vein thrombosis. The median cost of hospitalization for pulmonary embolism moderately decreased over time, whereas that for deep vein thrombosis slightly decreased over time.

Conclusions

A nationwide claim‐based database provided the current practice pattern for
VTE
in Japan, which revealed dynamic changes after the release of direct oral anticoagulants.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
www.umin.ac.jp
. Unique identifier:
UMIN
000037868.
Martininema semicordatae n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) associated with Ficus semicordata in China
Authors: Zhao Xiulan , Zhang Dayuan , Zeng Wensheng , Huang Jianfeng , Zeng Yongsan , Peng Yanqiong , Huang Jianghua , Ye Weimin , Ye Yun , Giblin-Davis Robin M.
Published: January 2020

A new nematode species was recovered from the syconia of Ficus semicordata from Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Yunnan Province, China. It is described herein as Martininema semicordatae n. sp. and is characterised by having the combined characters of a long post-vulval uterine sac, excretory pore located at nerve ring level, amoeboid sperm, three pairs of subventral papillae on the male tail, rounded male tail tip with mucron, absence of gubernaculum (= apophysis), and a recurved, rose-thorn-shaped spicule lacking a terminal cucullus. Martininema semicordatae n. sp. differs from other sequenced species by differences in the partial small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene and D2-D3 expansion segments of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene. Phylogenetic analysis with LSU D2-D3 expansion segment sequences suggested that M. semicordatae n. sp. is clustered in a highly supported monophyletic clade with M. guangzhouense, M. fistulosus and M. baculum, and shares a common ancestor with these three species.
Martiniportella nom. nov., pro Notopleura Liebau, 1991 non Krauss, 1902
Authors: LIEBAU ALEXANDER
Published: January 2020

Notopleura Liebau, 1991 (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Hemicytheridae) established as a subgenus of Thaerocythere Hazel, 1967 with the type species Thaerocythere (Notopleura) lusitanica Liebau, 1991, is a younger homonym of Notopleura Krauss, 1902 (Insecta, Orthoptera, Acrididae). It is here replaced by the new name Martiniportella, which refers to the harbour of São Martinho do Porto (Portugal), where the extant specimens came from.
Additional knowledge respecting taxonomy of the social wasp genus Ropalidia (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) from Vietnam, with new records of three species and an updated key to species
Authors: BUI HOA THI QUYNH , TRAN NGAT THI , BOZDOĞAN HAKAN , NGUYEN LIEN THI PHUONG
Published: January 2020

Species composition of social wasps of the genus Ropalidia from Vietnam is reported, with 24 species having been recorded. Of those, three species are newly recorded for the Vietnamese fauna, namely Ropalidia binghami van der Vecht, 1941, R. parartifex Tan & van Achterberg, 2014 and R. variegata (Smith, 1852). The presence of R. sumatrae (Weber, 1801) in Vietnam is confirmed. An updated key to all recorded species of the genus Ropalidia from Vietnam is also provided.
A new species of Dienerella Reitter, 1911 from Kazakhstan, with an updated checklist of Dienerella species and summary of their distribution (Coleoptera: Latridiidae: Latridiinae)
Authors: PLEWA RADOSŁAW , RÜCKER WOLFGANG H.
Published: January 2020

Dienerella (Dienerella) katarzynae sp. nov. from Kazakhstan is described. The generic characteristics and diagnostics, including the aedeagus, are illustrated. A key to the subgenus Dienerella, a group of similar species including D. beloni, D. pilifera and D. elegans, is given, and an updated global checklist of Dienerella species is provided. To date, 41 taxa in the genus Dienerella (19 species in the subgenus Cartoderema and 22 species in the subgenus Dienerella) have been described globally. In this paper, we summarize the distribution and endemism of Dienerella species worldwide: currently, 15 endemic species from the genus Dienerella (5 species in the subgenus Cartoderema and 10 species in the subgenus Dienerella) are known.
New species of Acroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from central Vietnam
Authors: CHEN ZHI-TENG
Published: January 2020

Three new species of Acroneuria Pictet, 1841, A. axana sp. nov., A. songhaitiani sp. nov., and A. taygianga sp. nov. are described and illustrated from Quang Nam Province of central Vietnam. The three new species are diagnosed based on wing pattern, aedeagal structure, and shape of the female subgenital plate. Morphological differences between the three new species and known congeners are indicated. A distribution map of known species of Acroneuria from Vietnam is provided.
A new species of Setostylus Matile and new records of Setostylus bellulus (Williston) (Diptera: Keroplatidae)
Authors: HUERTA HERON , FITZGERALD SCOTT J.
Published: January 2020

Setostylus xoxo spec. nov., is described and illustrated from Morelos, Mexico and southern Arizona, USA and is compared with similar Neotropical congeners. Additionally, the first records of Setostylus bellulus (Williston) are provided from Guatemala and Costa Rica and an updated key to the New World species of Setostylus is presented.
The oldest fungus gnat of the tribe Exechiini in the lowermost Eocene Oise amber (Diptera: Mycetophilidae)
Authors: CAMIER MARIE , NEL ANDRE
Published: January 2020

Eoexechia gallica gen. n. and sp. n., oldest record of the fungus gnat tribe Exechiini, is described from the Lowermost Eocene amber of France. It falls as sister group of all the extant Exechiini after its addition to the morphological phylogenetic analysis of the tribe. Its discovery suggests a Paleocene age for the Exechiini, in accordance with the current phylogenetic dating. This new discovery will help to date the whole clade in future phylogenies.
A General Bayesian Multidimensional Item Response Theory Model for Small and Large Samples
Authors: Fujimoto Ken A. , Neugebauer Sabina R.
Published: January 2020

Although item response theory (IRT) models such as the bifactor, two-tier, and between-item-dimensionality IRT models have been devised to confirm complex dimensional structures in educational and psychological data, they can be challenging to use in practice. The reason is that these models are multidimensional IRT (MIRT) models and thus are highly parameterized, making them only suitable for data provided by large samples. Unfortunately, many educational and psychological studies are conducted on a small scale, leaving the researchers without the necessary MIRT models to confirm the hypothesized structures in their data. To address the lack of modeling options for these researchers, we present a general Bayesian MIRT model based on adaptive informative priors. Simulations demonstrated that our MIRT model could be used to confirm a two-tier structure (with two general and six specific dimensions), a bifactor structure (with one general and six specific dimensions), and a between-item six-dimensional structure in rating scale data representing sample sizes as small as 100. Although our goal was to provide a general MIRT model suitable for smaller samples, the simulations further revealed that our model was applicable to larger samples. We also analyzed real data from 121 individuals to illustrate that the findings of our simulations are relevant to real situations.
New Caledonian biology teachers’ opinions about vaccination: Preliminary findings
Authors: Frayon Stephane
Published: January 2020

Objective:

Vaccine hesitancy is increasing worldwide and the World Health Organisation has declared it to be one of the 10 threats for global health in 2019. Lack of confidence in vaccines and fear of side effects seem to be the key reasons. Education may help restore confidence, and middle and high school biology teachers may have a particularly powerful role in countering vaccine hesitancy. The aim of this study was to compare biology teachers’ opinions about vaccination with those of other teachers.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Method:

An electronic survey was sent to middle and high school teachers in New Caledonia. A total of 280 participants were recruited: 110 biology teachers and 170 teachers of other subjects. Attitudes about three common vaccine controversies were measured using Likert-type scales. Results were analysed using multiple logistic regression.

Results:

Biology teachers showed greater confidence in their knowledge about vaccines than other teachers. In general, their opinions agreed more with scientific knowledge than those of the other teachers, despite some disparities depending on their specific sub-specialty. Highest university qualification obtained was not correlated with the opinions expressed about vaccines.

Conclusion:

Biology teachers may be better able to restore confidence about vaccines than other teachers. Additional training and information are needed however to allow them to transmit accurate information about vaccines to adolescents.
Navigating identities in global work: Antecedents and consequences of intrapersonal identity conflict
Authors: Gibson Cristina B , Dunlop Patrick D , Raghav Sonia
Published: January 2020

What happens when global workers identify with their culture, organization, work unit profession, and team all at the same time? Workers may experience these identities as compatible, or in conflict, with one another. The purpose of this article is to reveal attributes of global workers that lessen intrapersonal identity conflict, and to show that doing so is critical for thriving in global work, in order to help these workers learn how to navigate their various sources of identity. We empirically examined identity conflict among 122 workers of a multinational mineral refining firm, who worked across five locations globally. Our findings revealed that the higher the tolerance for ambiguity and resilience, and the stronger the team identification, the less the intrapersonal identity conflict experienced, and the more the workers thrived at work, experiencing simultaneously greater learning and physical vitality. Identity conflict explained variance in thriving beyond that explained by the strength of identification with specific identities, such as national cultural identity or team identity. These findings extend prior research which has focused on the strength of a single identity or the relationship among two identities, and is the first to show effects of individual characteristics on identity conflict and the impact of identity conflict on individual thriving among global workers. We discuss implications for theory and practice.
The Triumph of the Will: Evolutionary Psychology and the Conceptual Incoherence of Enhancement
Authors: Gantt Edwin E. , Williams Richard N.
Published: January 2020

Recent decades have witnessed a profound increase in scholarly work and scientific research conducted under the banner of evolutionary psychology. Although evolutionary psychologists typically disavow any historical or conceptual link to the political or scientific project of eugenics, or at the very least downplay the current relevance of such linkages, a growing number of evolutionary thinkers have begun to embrace a biological science of cognitive and moral enhancement. This article examines some of the ways in which advocates of enhancement assume human agency as central to their project even as their naturalistic explanations of human behavior deny that agency. The article also argues that the utopian moral project that animates the evolutionary enhancement movement is undercut by the materialist metaphysics that undergirds the neo-Darwinian worldview employed to ground the project in the first place, a metaphysics that relativizes and ultimately rejects any meaningful morality or moral endeavor whatsoever.
Comparing Relaxation Versus Mastery Microbreak Activity: A Within-Task Recovery Perspective
Authors: Conlin Amanda , Hu Xinyu (Judy) , Barber Larissa K.
Published: January 2020

Recovery from work is generally thought to occur outside of the workplace. However, employees may also have the opportunity to recover within the work day via microbreaks during demanding work tasks. Two major strategies for mitigating fatigue include psychological detachment (i.e., mentally disengaging) and replenishing motivational incentives via positive affect. This study examined whether 40-s “microbreaks” improve work recovery and to what extent different microbreak content (mastery vs. relaxation activities) boost performance. Using an experimental study, we randomly assigned individuals to receive a relaxation microbreak ( n =  59), a mastery microbreak ( n =  68), or no break ( n =  72) in the middle of a monotonous work task and assessed work performance. Microbreaks improved task performance and within-task recovery, but only for psychological detachment (not positive affect). Mastery breaks also resulted in more psychological detachment than relaxation breaks, but this increased detachment did not explain performance differences between break types. These results build on existing recovery theories by further demonstrating within-task recovery and provide practical implications for organizations to consider the importance of microbreaks.
Optimal design of adaptive and proportional integral derivative controllers using a novel hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm
Authors: Bejarbaneh Elham Yazdani , Ahangarnejad Arash Hosseinian , Bagheri Ahmad , Bejarbaneh Behnam Yazdani , Pham Binh Thai , Buyamin Salinda , Shirinzadeh Fatemeh
Published: January 2020

Controlling of a rotational inverted pendulum is considered as a challenging problem, mainly due to the system’s inherent nonlinear and unstable dynamics. In fact, the goal of this control is to maintain the pendulum vertically upward regardless of external disturbances. This paper aims to optimally design a model reference adaptive proportional integral derivative (PID) control for rotary inverted pendulum system based on a novel hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm, combining sine cosine algorithm and levy flight distribution. Evaluation of the performance quality of the proposed adaptive controller is accomplished based on the stabilization and tracking control of rotary inverted pendulum system. In addition, two other PID controllers are designed to get a better understanding of the performance and robustness of the proposed controller. To make a complete comparison, the performance of the hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm is examined against two other optimization techniques known as simple particle swarm optimization and whale optimization algorithm. Finally, the obtained simulation results demonstrate that the proposed optimal adaptive controller is superior to the other controllers, especially in terms of the transient response characteristics and the magnitude of control output signal.
Adaptive fin failures tolerant integrated guidance and control based on backstepping sliding mode
Authors: Ashrafifar Asghar , Jegarkandi Mohsen Fathi
Published: January 2020

An integrated guidance and control (IGC) is designed in this study for a surface-to-air missile considering burned or broken fin as a fault. The IGC model in the pitch plane is developed with various uncertainties in the presence of fin failure. The considered fault may cause a change in the vehicle’s shape that leads to a change in aerodynamic coefficients and consequently in the model. To identify the new model, aerodynamic coefficients are estimated using an estimator and the result is sent to the controller. Then, an adaptive robust controller is designed using the combination of backstepping and sliding mode scheme to compensate fin failure and changes in the dynamic. The simulation results show the capability of the proposed approach, not only in normal condition but also while a part of the missile’s fin is destroyed.
Mothers, Fathers, Daughters, and Sons: Gender Differences in Adults’ Intergenerational Ties
Authors: Fingerman Karen L. , Huo Meng , Birditt Kira S.
Published: January 2020

Women are more involved in family ties than men, but these differences may vary across generations as gender roles have shifted. We know little about gender patterns across generations in the same family, however. To address this gap, midlife men and women aged 40–60 ( n = 633) from the Family Exchanges Study reported on relationships with each aging parent and each grown child. Mothers were more involved (e.g., more frequent contact, greater positive and negative relationship qualities, and more frequent support exchanges) than fathers in both generations, with parental gender differences stronger in the older generation. Offspring gender differences were generally consistent across generations, with daughters more involved by phone in emotional forms of support, and in negative relationship quality; these gender differences were stronger in the younger generation than the older ones. We discuss pervasive gender differences that favor mothers, as well as shifts in gender differences across generations.
Expression of Hematopoietic Stem and Endothelial Cell Markers in Canine Hemangiosarcoma
Authors: Kakiuchi-Kiyota Satoko , Obert Leslie A. , Crowell Danielle M. , Xia Shuhua , Roy Marc D. , Coskran Timothy M. , Kreeger John M. , Crabbs Torrie A. , Cohen Samuel M. , Cattley Russell C. , Cook Jon C.
Published: January 2020

Several chemicals and pharmaceuticals increase the incidence of hemangiosarcomas (HSAs) in mice, but the relevance to humans is uncertain. Recently, canine HSAs were identified as a powerful tool for investigating the pathogenesis of human HSAs. To characterize the cellular phenotype of canine HSAs, we evaluated immunoreactivity and/or messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of markers for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), endothelial cells (ECs), a tumor suppressor protein, and a myeloid marker in canine HSAs. Neoplastic canine cells expressed EC markers and a myeloid marker, but expressed HSC markers less consistently. The canine tumor expression results were then compared to previously published immunoreactivity results for these markers in human and mouse HSAs. There are 2 noteworthy differences across species: (1) most human HSAs had HSC marker expression, indicating that they were comprised of tumor cells that were less differentiated than those in canine and mouse tumors; and (2) human and canine HSAs expressed a late-stage EC maturation marker, whereas mouse HSAs were negative, suggesting that human and canine tumors may retain greater differentiation potential than mouse tumors. These results indicate that HSA development is variable across species and that caution is necessary when discussing translation of carcinogenic risk from animal models to humans.
The influence of romantic partners on male risk-taking
Authors: Silva Karol , Chein Jason , Steinberg Laurence
Published: January 2020

Studies show that young men’s tendency to take risks may be exacerbated or attenuated in different social contexts. Despite widespread evidence that social context influences young men’s risk-taking, few studies have examined the impact of romantic partners on risky decision-making. The present study examined risk-taking among young men in relationships with women ( n = 134, ages 18–24) randomly assigned to be tested alone ( n = 47), in the presence of their romantic partner ( n = 44), or in the presence of an attractive female stranger ( n = 43). The presence of a romantic partner diminished young men’s tendency to take risks. Findings demonstrate that a dampening effect on risk-taking is attributable to the romantic partner’s presence and not merely due to knowledge of being in a relationship.
Analysis of the positional relationship between the left brachiocephalic vein and its surrounding vessels via computed tomography scan: A retrospective study
Authors: Mitsuoka Hiroki , Arima Takahiro , Ohmichi Yusuke , Naito Munekazu , Hagihara Makiyo , Nakano Takashi , Ishibashi Hiroyuki
Published: January 2020

Objectives

This study aimed to clarify the positional relationship between the left brachiocephalic vein and its surrounding vessels and to analyse the association between this positional relationship and ageing.

Method

Chest contrast-enhanced computed tomography was performed for 100 adults. The contact number between left brachiocephalic vein and surrounding vessels (aorta, brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery) was determined. The correlations of ageing with the cross-sectional areas of left brachiocephalic vein crossing brachiocephalic artery and left common carotid artery and peripheral end of left brachiocephalic vein were analysed.

Results

LBV was in contact with aorta in 19, brachiocephalic artery in 97, left common carotid artery in 90 and left subclavian artery in 21 patients. There were significant negative correlations of ageing with the cross-sectional areas of left brachiocephalic vein crossing brachiocephalic artery and left common carotid artery and peripheral end of left brachiocephalic vein.

Conclusions

Brachiocephalic artery and left common carotid artery have easy contact with left brachiocephalic vein. There was a negative relationship between the cross-sectional area of left brachiocephalic vein and age.
Development of recycled blends based on cables and wires with plastic cabinets: An effective solution for value addition of hazardous waste plastics
Authors: Jaidev K , Suresh Sunil S , Gohatre Omdeo K , Biswal Manoranjan , Mohanty Smita , Nayak Sanjay K
Published: January 2020

The recycling of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) recovered from the plastic insulations in wires and cables is a rising concern in the current situation due to its hazardous behaviour during recycling. Similarly, high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) used in the structural components of electrical and electronic equipment are also generated in large quantities. In the current work, three agendas were fixed: (a) to determine the effect of recycled polymeric material (HIPS and ABS) recovered from different sources on the mechanical property of the polymeric blends; (b) to formulate a high-impact strength blend; and (c) to deduce a mechanism for improved impact strength. The mechanical characterizations were conducted on the entire blends formulated. Among them, the recycled blend composed of recycled PVC (r-PVC) and recycled ABS (r-ABS) (segregated from uninterrupted power supply housing) and recycled HIPS (r-HIPS; collected from television housing) was confined for further physio-mechanical and thermal analysis. Besides, the r-PVC/r-ABS systems had shown better mechanical properties than r-PVC/r-HIPS systems in similar composition. The impact strength of blend r-PVC/r-ABS (70:30) was found to be 250 J/m, which was 200% more than the blend r-PVC/r-ABS (0:100). The compatibility and non-compatibility in PVC/ABS and PVC/HIPS blends respectively were explained with thermal, mechanical and morphological characterizations. Furthermore, a plausible cross-linking mechanism is developed between ABS and PVC, which controls the release of chlorine atoms into the environment.
The Feminization of Transgender Women in Prisons for Men: How Prison as a Total Institution Shapes Gender
Authors: Jenness Valerie , Gerlinger Julie
Published: January 2020

In this article, we investigate the degree to which prison shapes transgender women’s perceptions of themselves as gendered people in prisons for men. Drawing on original data collected from 315 transgender women in 27 prisons for men in California, a mixed-methods analysis reveals that transgender women in prisons for men report higher levels of self-perceptions of femininity while incarcerated, especially for those who report sexual victimization by other prisoners. The implications of these and other findings are discussed in light of recent calls for more theory and research on femininities as well as the policies and practices that undergird prisons as one of the most sex-segregated institutions.
A small legged deformable robot with multi-mode motion
Authors: Peng Hanmin , Mao Ting , Lu Xiaolong
Published: January 2020

To realize walking and working in complex terrain or narrow space, a small legged robot with a mass of 5.6 g and a size of 70 mm × 60 mm × 30 mm is proposed. Piezoelectric and shape memory alloy actuators are combined for fast response and high flexibility. Six piezoelectric bimorphs serving as driving legs realize fast linear and turning motions in the forward and backward directions. Four shape memory alloy springs are excited for raising and dropping different legs to generate multiple motion modes. A dynamic model is built to guarantee the lifting motions of the designated legs. The experimental results show that it achieves linear moving and turning speeds as fast as 24.8 and 16.5 cm/s, respectively, whereas its startup time is only 0.1 s. Moreover, this robot lifts different legs up to 1 cm high with response time of 6, 8, and 6 s under the current of 1.5 A, respectively, which can recover to initial status. Hence, this robot is capable of fulfilling manipulation tasks, such as terrain detection, material transportation, obstacle crossing, and object capturing, thanks to the characteristics of small size, simple structure, good flexibility, and multi-functional locomotion.
A Framework of Simulation and Gaming for Enhancing Community Resilience Against Large-Scale Earthquakes: Application for Achievements in Japan
Authors: Toyoda Yusuke
Published: January 2020

Background. The significance of mutual-help in communities for disaster management is a fundamental important concept. However, the current societal state does not reflect this lesson. S&G (Simulation and Gaming) has the potential to overcome the challenges faced in promoting community-based disaster management. No scientific research is currently present that reviews their achievements in Japan.

Aim. This paper analyzes the current achievements of S&G in enhancing community resilience against large-scale earthquakes in Japan.

Method. The paper clarifies the theoretical advantages of S&G in enhancing community resilience in coping and adaptive capacity plus proposes a conceptual contribution framework of S&G in improving community resilience. Based on this framework, the paper analyzes some major games that tackle community resilience against earthquakes in Japan.

Results. The paper demonstrates the achievements through the S&G spectrum that stresses the disastrous experience with specific resilience views on one side, while decision making for critical reflection from other players with more comprehensive resilience views on the other side.

Conclusion. The paper showcases the current S&G achievements in enhancing community resilience against large-scale earthquakes in Japan using the proposed framework, which can be utilized by other disaster-prone countries to develop and evaluate applications of S&G for increasing community resilience against earthquakes.
Vibration behavior of a micro cylindrical sandwich panel reinforced by graphene platelet
Authors: Anvari Mohammadreza , Mohammadimehr Mehdi , Amiri Ali
Published: January 2020

In this article, vibration behavior of a micro cylindrical sandwich panel with foam core and reinforced graphene platelet composite layers on the top and bottom resting on elastic foundation based on modified couple stress theory is investigated. Hamilton’s principle is used to determine the governing equations of motion. These equations are solved by Navier’s method to obtain the natural frequencies. The results are compared with the extracted results by the other literatures. The effects of different parameters such as temperature change, volume fraction of graphene platelet, length to radius ratio, and the elastic foundation on the natural frequencies have been carried out. Also, the effects of reinforced materials for layers is discussed and compared with unreinforced composites layers. Sandwich structures are wildly used in different applications such as spacecraft, aeronautical, pressurized gas tanks, boilers, aircraft fuselage, marines, and civil structures, and these cases need high strength and low weight. The present work is a theoretical background for more explorations and further experimental researchers in the field of cylindrical reinforced panels.
Multi-taper method based substructure identification for shear structures
Authors: Zhang Dongyu , Huang Yong , Li Ruifeng , Li Hui
Published: January 2020

Quickly and accurately identifying structural status after natural disasters plays crucial roles in disaster rescue. Previously, the authors developed a substructure identification method for shear structures, which uses the frequency responses of short structural acceleration responses to estimate structural parameters inductively. However, the numerical studies found that the method could only provide moderately accurate results. In this paper, a thorough uncertainty analysis is performed to reveal the key factors that influence its identification accuracy. Based on these results, a new substructure method is proposed herein, which utilizes the cross power spectrum densities of structural responses, estimated by the multi-taper method, to formulate substructure identification problems. The error analysis is also conducted for the multi-taper method based method, explaining why this method can significantly improve identification accuracy, compared with the frequency response based method. Moreover, although the multi-taper method based method is originally derived based on stationary structural responses, a further analysis shows that it can be extended to non-stationary responses, greatly broadening the method’s application range. Finally, the simulation study of a 20-story shear structure and the shake table tests on a three-story bench-scaled structure are conducted, which verified that the proposed multi-taper method based method indeed significantly improves the substructure identification accuracy.
“I Feel Like I Can’t Avoid Dying”: A Poetic Representation of a Survivor’s Traumatic Experience in the Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Iida Atsushi
Published: January 2020

This article is a poetic rendition of a recorded and transcribed oral personal life story of a survivor of the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011. The aim of the current study is to reproduce and explore his series of dramatic experiences in poetic form and better understand cultural trauma caused by the massive disaster–the magnitude 9.0 earthquake, subsequent tsunami, and nuclear meltdown. This article provides insight into the relatively unexamined issue of cultural trauma emerging from the unprecedented disaster and presents what the earthquake survivor saw and felt through such a catastrophe.
Substance Requirements in the International Taxation of Intangible Capital: A Double-edged Sword?
Authors: Singh Kartikeya , Kallen Cody , Mathur Aparna
Published: January 2020

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s Base Erosion and Profit Shifting project has focused on income attributed to intangibles with an objective of curtailing perceived artificial profit shifting by multinational firms. A key part of this effort is a renewed emphasis on the concept of “economic substance.” Economic substance standards require companies to have people functions (i.e., employees) in jurisdictions for companies to be able to report profits related to intangibles in such jurisdictions. Our analysis suggests that an emphasis on economic substance tied to people functions can have a significant impact on the scale as well as the location of economic activity (i.e., employees dedicated to the creation and use of intangibles). Furthermore, the likely implications on economic activity can be highly unfavorable for high-tax jurisdictions. Viewed from a US perspective, this new international environment provides an explanation for the international provisions adopted as part of the US tax reform of 2017.
Variables Contributing to Abandonment and Readoption of SWPBIS
Authors: Kittelman Angus , Strickland-Cohen M. Kathleen , Pinkelman Sarah E. , McIntosh Kent
Published: January 2020

There is a dearth of research examining school and district factors associated with the abandonment of evidence-based practice in schools. In this mixed methods study, we surveyed 23 school personnel working with 30 schools that abandoned and then readopted school-wide positive behavioral interventions and supports (SWPBIS). Our aims were to identify critical features abandoned and perceived reasons for abandonment and readoption of SWPBIS practices. SWPBIS features most often abandoned included data-based decision making and school-wide acknowledgment systems. Lack of staff buy-in was the most commonly reported reason for abandonment, and a new school administrator was the most commonly reported reason for readoption. Implications for research and how schools could safeguard against abandonment of evidence-based practices are discussed.