bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El examen de ingreso y los enfoques de aprendizaje como predictores del desempeño académico en estudiantes de medicina de una universidad privada del noreste de México
Authors: Ruvalcabar Estrada Otoniel
Published: September 2022

El propósito de este estudio fue identificar si los enfoques de apren- dizaje y los resultados de la Prueba Oficial de Ingreso a la Universidad de Montemorelos (PODIUM) son predictores significativos del desempeño académico en estudiantes de primer ingreso pertenecientes a la carrera de medicina de una universidad privada del noreste de México. Se utilizó un diseño cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal y correlacional. La población estuvo compuesta por 51 estudiantes que dieron respuesta a una adaptación al español del Cuestionario sobre Procesos de Estudio de Biggs para medir sus enfoques de aprendizaje. Además, se obtuvo información de las califica- ciones de la prueba PODIUM y sus dimensiones (pensamiento matemático, habilidad cognitiva, comprensión lectora, redacción, uso del lenguaje en inglés y lectura en inglés). El desempeño académico se midió con el prome- dio general obtenido por los estudiantes en el primer semestre del ciclo es- colar 2020-2021. Para el análisis de los datos, se utilizó la regresión lineal múltiple. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que el mejor modelo predictor estuvo conformado por el enfoque profundo, el pensamiento matemático y el uso del lenguaje en inglés que correlacionaron significativamente con el desempeño académico.
Study of Enterprise Internal Control Based on Virtual Team and Cryptology Technique
Authors: Liu Chenglian , Chen Sonia C-I
Published: September 2022

The development in information technology, the widespread use of Internet and the fast movement of e-commerce has promoted the earlier realization of digital economy. Lots of enterprises use information technology inside the enterprise to reduce cost, shorten business deal time and achieve the largest production capability. Although digital technology brings convenience to people, crimes of information theft come after it too and the derived public security and financial issues are usually beyond our imagination. In this article, group signature technology is used to improve the operation of virtual team and to inspect the operation status within the enterprise; internet anonymous impeach function is provided through electronic internal control team mechanism so as to reinforce the mutual interaction rate between supervisor and employees, to enhance internal control efficiency within the organization and to enhance entire competitiveness.
PELAKSANAAN EKSEKUSI TERHADAP OBJEK JAMINAN FIDUSIA UNTUK PEMENUHAN KEWAJIBAN DEBITUR DALAM PERJANJIAN KREDIT DI PT. BPR. KANAYA
Authors: Setiabudi Komang Agus , Lemes I Nyoman
Published: September 2022

Pelaksanaan eksekusi obyek jaminan fidusia, ternyata sering menimbulkan masalah. Masalah dapat datang dari pihak kreditur, atau dari debitur berupa upaya menghalang-halangi pelaksanaan eksekusi. Penelitian ini meneliti pelaksanaan eksekusi terhadap objek  jaminan fidusia untuk pemenuhan kewajiban debitur dalam  perjanjian kredit pada PT. BPR. Kanaya dan kendala-kendala yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaan eksekusi tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum empiris, bersifat deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi dokumen dan wawancara. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara kualitatif. Eksekusi terhadap objek  jaminan fidusia pada PT. BPR. Kanaya dilaksanakan jika wanprestasi disepakati oleh debitur. Jika debitur menyepakati wanprestasi yang terjadi dan menyerahkan objek fidusia secara suka rela maka dapat dijual melalui pelelangan umum atau di bawah tangan. Jika tidak harus diajukan permohonan kepada pengadilan. Kendala-kendala yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaan eksekusi terhadap objek jaminan fidusia pada PT. BPR. Kanaya, antara lain adanya keharusan untuk mengajukan kepada Pengadilan Negeri apabila debitur tidak sepakat mengenai adanya wanprestasi dan tidak bersedia menyerahkan barang yang dibebani fidusia secara sukarela, ada kecenderungan debitur tidak bersedia membuat kesepakatan penjualan barang secara langsung, adanya potensi gangguan keamanan dalam eksekusi terhadap barang tersebut, dan adanya gangguan dalam pendaftaran fidusia secara elektronik.
Fire and explosion hazard of refrigerant R-365mfc and fireproof mixtures based on it
Authors: Елтышев Илья Павлович
Published: September 2022

Рассмотрена проблема пожарной опасности хладагента R-365mfc, являющегося парниковым газом. Определен класс его опасности как хладоносителя. Предложен способ снижения класса опасности путем создания негорючих смесевых композиций R-365mfc с ингибиторами горения с коротким временем жизни в атмосфере. Показана возможность сокращения в смесевой композиции хладагента доли парникового компонента на 45,8 % (масс.).

In connection with the adoption of a number of international environmental agreements the production of refrigerants which are greenhouse gases should be significantly reduced. This will lead to a shortage of refrigerants used in refrigeration and climate technology, as well as in other industries. A possible way to solve the problem of using greenhouse gases is to create mixed compositions with reduced content of the greenhouse component. At the same time the hazard class of the R-365mfc refrigerant is unknown. In this paper this refrigerant will be investigated and its hazard class will be determined. To solve the problem of using greenhouse gases the paper proposes the creation of non-combustible compositions with a flammable refrigerant R-365mfc with combustion inhibitor CF and CFO which are short-lived substances in the atmosphere. There were carried out the studies aimed at determining the hazard class and creating non-combustible compositions on the experimental installation “Variant” at atmospheric pressure. It is expected that when added to R-365mfc a heavy inhibitor with a high heat capacity will cause a strong inhibitory effect on the combustion process, it will also be important if this inhibitor is able to chemically inhibit the combustion process through interaction with the active sites responsible for its occurrence. It was ascertained that R-365mfc belongs to the A2L hazard class, and the non-combustible mixed composition based on R-365mfc is 54.2 % wt. R-365mfc - 42.8 % wt. CF(a). The possibility of reducing the proportion of the greenhouse component in the mixed composition of the refrigerant by 45.8 % by weight is shown. The efficiency of combustion inhibition is determined by the characteristics of the thermal degradation of inhibitors in the flame.
Comparison of Hematological and Inflammatory Markers to Predict Outcome in Covid-19 in 1st and 4th Wave
Authors: Khan Khalid , Khan Hamzullah , Khan Shahtaj , Fawad Khan Mohammad , Ali Mohammad , Usman Mohammad
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVES:
To compare the values of the hematological and inflammatory markers in 1st and 4th waves to predict the outcome of COVID-19 in a hospital-based study.
METHODOLOGY:
This comparative study was conducted in the Department of Hematology, Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, from April 2020 to 20 August 2021. Tests of significance (Independent t-test/Mann Whitney U test) and Chi-square test were used. Relevant information was recorded on a pre-designed proforma prepared following the study's objectives.
RESULTS:
A total of 178 patients, 71 from (the 1st wave) and 107 from (the 4th wave) with known outcomes, were studied. A statistically significant difference exists between the groups (1st vs 4th wave) regarding hematological markers; neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (p=0.02), Absolute Neutrophilic count (ANC) (p=0.01) and platelet count (p=0.001). Similarly, significantly higher inflammatory markers values were recorded in the 1st  wave compared with the 4th wave regarding inflammatory markers; CRP (p=0.002) and D-dimer (p=0.001). During the 1st wave, Total Leukocyte Count (TLC), ANC and d-dimer were the leading prognostic indicators to predict mortality/worst outcome in COVID-19 with an Area Under Curve (AUC) of 0.74, 0.70 and 0.7  on receiver operating characteristics (ROC) respectively. In 4th, the Area under the curve (AUC) of d-dimer was 0.84 to predict mortality. 
CONCLUSION:
TLC, ANC, NLR, and low platelet count were the worst hematological markers in COVID-19 in the first wave, while d-dimer and CRP were the primary prognostic inflammatory markers. Unlikely in the 4th wave, the prognostic values of hematological markers were merely significant. The d-dimer values in both the waves proved to be reliable for predicting the severity and mortality of COVID-19.
Effect of Acupuncture on Mammary Gland Hyperplasia (MGH): a Bayesian network meta-analysis
Authors:   Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, He zhe , Xing liwei , He ming , Sun yuhuan , Xu jinlong , Zhao rong
Published: September 2022

Review question / Objective: This review aims at conducting a network meta-analysis to assess the potential therapeutic effectiveness and safety of acupuncture therapy for the treatment of MGH. Condition being studied: MGH is a benign breast disease caused by excessive growth of mammary duct epithelial cells and interstitial fibers. Its prevalence rate among women of childbearing age is about 13.5-42%, accounting for 99.3% of the total number of patients with breast related diseases, and its possibility of developing breast cancer can reach 5-10%. Breast hyperplasia can cause clinical symptoms such as breast pain, breast lump, nipple pigmentation and mood fluctuation, which brings severe physical and mental burden to patients. Modern medicine believes that the pathogenesis of MGH is related to sexual hormone disorder secondary to hypothalamus pituitary ovary axis dysfunction.At present, the treatment options of MGH are limited and not completely effective. The commonly used drugs in clinical practice, such as tamoxifen, danazol and goserelin, are expensive, which may lead to breast pain, swelling and increase of interstitial fibrous nodules, and the long-term use of MGH has huge side effects. The clinical guidelines recommend that the use time should be 2 to 6 months. Therefore, it is necessary to seek a treatment method of MGH that is effective, stable and safe.
Ruptura traumática aguda del tendón del cuádriceps
Authors: Larrea Domínguez Jonathan Isaac , Sotamba Quezada Jaime Raúl , Flores Salazar Berenisse Trinidad , Condo Chunllo Jessica Paola , Reino Villena Carla Maribel , Manrique Velíz Karen Julissa
Published: September 2022

La ruptura traumática aguda del tendón del cuádriceps es una patología poco frecuente y que hoy en día tiene un amplio repertorio en su manejo, requiere de un diagnóstico oportuno y tratamiento precoz, con la finalidad de devolver la funcionalidad del miembro afectado. Este tipo de lesiones suele asociarse a edades mayores a los 40 años y relacionarse a enfermedades subyacentes. Las técnicas imagenológicos usadas para su diagnóstico son de gran utilidad, sobre todo cuando se trata de establecer una lesión parcial o completa del tendón. Aunque las lesiones parciales suelen ser manejadas de forma no quirúrgica, el tratamiento de elección de las lesiones que si comprometen la totalidad del tendón debe ser quirúrgico y precoz.
Strategic Priorities for the Implementation of the Primary Health Care Modernization Program at the Regional Level
Authors:   Physician for Economic Affairs at «City Clinical Hospital No 24» of the Moscow Department of Health, Morozova Yu.A.
Published: September 2022

The market for healthcare services provided with the widespread use of digital technologies, according to Kvint, is a global emerging market. In order to account for the development trends of this market, strategizing technologies are needed. In this work we base on foreign experience to reveal the main trends in the process of strategic management of the modernization of primary health care at the global level and in a number of countries of the world. An attempt is made to apply these approaches to Russian practice, taking into account the existing strategic documents. Based on the study of world experience, it is shown that the process of research-based strategizing, using a comprehensive set of strategic tools based on digital technologies of knowledge-intensive management, is a key strategic priority for the development of the primary healthcare at the regional level. It is assumed that the best option would be to return, at least in part, to the well-thought-out Digital Health sub-programme, which was not included in the 2017 Digital Economy program. To get an overall picture of the use of digital technologies in healthcare, it is necessary to monitor the scientific, technological, human resource, organizational and logistical (equipment) components of this picture. In recent years, numerous regulations have been adopted that are directly or indirectly related to the digitalization of healthcare and medical activities. At the same time, their key provisions are related to the lack a systemic integration of digitalization into the healthcare development process as a whole. Similar processes should be carried out as part of the creation and development of regional segments of the digital platform.
Prospects and Digital Threats of the Mass Transition of Microentrepreneurs to Internet Platforms
Authors:   Ural State University of Economics, Glukhikh P.L. , Voronina L.V. ,   N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Saifulin E.R. ,   Tomsk State University
Published: September 2022

The rapid emergence of advanced technologies, internet platforms and the spread of the sharing economy are the drivers of economic change. In addition to opportunities, new threats are being created for entrepreneurs in the form of digital monopolies. Platforms modify economic entities and the behavioral models they apply. Refusal or consent to carry out business activities using internet platforms generates a digital divide. The consequences for the most massive small form of Russian business – microentrepreneurs are not obvious. Considering all microentrepreneurs, including those who do not have state registration, the cumulative consequences can be very significant for the entrepreneurial ecosystem. The purpose of the article is to systematize scientific approaches to the study of prospects and digital threats of the mass transition of microentrepreneurs to internet platforms. Using the methods of content analysis of foreign and Russian publications, it is systematized that the problems of transition are investigated in three directions: the consequences of the economy of shared consumption, the study of models of entrepreneurial behavior and cognitive distortions. The lack of scientific knowledge about the prospects and digital threats of the transition of microentrepreneurs to internet platforms has been established. The scientific significance lies in the actualization of this scientific field. In future studies, it is necessary to assess the extent and motives for the dissemination of business behavior models on internet platforms. And identification of entrepreneurial patterns and their consequences for the entrepreneur himself and the entrepreneurial ecosystem.
The Relationship between Maternal Participation in Household Decision-Making and Birth Attendant Selection: Evidence from Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Tari Putu Sri Devi , Andriani Helen
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND: The decreasing maternal mortality rate (MMR) is an important indicator in achieving health development. The Ministry of Health has mandated delivery assistance by competent health personnel to achieve the MMR targets set out in the UN sustainable development goals.

AIM: This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal participation in household decision-making and the selection of birth attendant in Indonesia.

METHODS: The study uses secondary data from the 2017 Indonesia demographic and health survey, as part of a cross-sectional and large-scale national survey. The study involved ever-married women of reproductive age (15–49 years) and had given birth in the last 5 years prior to the survey (n = 14,193).

RESULTS: Of all birth attendants, 4,630 (32.6%) were non-health workers and 9,563 (67.4%) were health workers. Midwives account for the largest proportion of the health workers (61.8%). Decisions in healthcare, household expenses, visits to family/relatives’ decisions are significantly associated with birth attendant selection. However, husband’s income use decision had no significant relationship with birth attendant selection. The final multivariate model found that grand multipara mothers had a 1.9 times higher risk of choosing non-health birth attendants than primipara mothers (OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.60–2.25).

CONCLUSION: Findings demonstrated the importance of improving health education for men and women as well as women’s decision-making autonomy. Health workers (especially midwives) should improve knowledge and communication between couples in choosing skilled birth attendants, especially for mothers with grand multiparity.
Determinants of Feeding Patterns with Stunting in Children in the Coastal Area of Bengkulu City
Authors: Suryani Desri , Kusdalinah Kusdalinah , Krisnasary Arie , Simbolon Demsa , Angraini Wulan
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND: The age of 0–2 years is a golden period for human growth and development known as the “golden age,” characterized by rapid growth. This period is the First 1000 Days of Life (HPK). The proper diet greatly affects the nutritional status of children. AIM: The purpose of the study was to determine child feeding patterns with the incidence of stunting in children in the Coastal area of Bengkulu City. METHODS: This study was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. The research sample was children under five aged 6–24 months in the coastal area of Bengkulu City as many as 75 children were selected using the accidental sampling technique. Children’s nutritional intake using the Semi Food Frequency questionnaire for energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates, calcium, iron, zinc, and phosphorus. Nutritional intake data were processed by nutrisurvey. Data analysis with Chi-square test and the level of significant 0.05. RESULTS: The frequency of food consumed by children 6–24 months in the form of mashed food 2 times a day was 54.2%, soft food 3 times a day was 54.5%, and family food 3 times a day was 82.5%. The percentage of children with energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate intake below the recommendation was much higher in normal children (in sequence 84.6%, 81.8%, 84.9%, and 86.3%) compare to stunted children (in sequence 15.4%, 18.2%, 15.1%, and 13.7%). Likewise, calcium, fe, zinc, and phosphor intake below the recommendation was much higher in normal children (in sequence 82%, 85.5%, 80.6%, and 82.1%) compare to stunted children (in sequence 18%, 14.5%, 19.4%, and 17.9%). CONCLUSIONS: There was no relationship between the type of food, macronutrient and micronutrient intake with stunting. Education and counseling at Integrated Healthcare Center need to be carried out, regarding the importance of consuming the proper food and the proper frequency of eating, surveys of nutritional consumption and routine health checks for pregnant women and children under five.
The earliest beetle †Coleopsis archaica (Insecta: Coleo­ptera) – morphological re-eva﻿luation using Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) and phylogenetic assessment
Authors: Schädel Mario , Yavorskaya Margarita , Beutel Rolf
Published: September 2022

The earliest know﻿n fossil beetle †Coleopsis archaicais re-examined using Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI). The morphological observations are evaluated with respect to phylogenetic implications and the early evolution of Coleoptera. †Coleopsis archaicabelongs to an early Permian branch of beetles, outside a monophyletic unit comprising Coleoptera (in the widest sense) excluding †Tshekardocoleidae. This clade is mainly characterized by a complex of apomorphic features: elytra with epipleura and with a close fit with the posterior body, thus forming a tightly sealed subelytral space. In contrast to this, the elytra of †C. archaicaand †Tshekardocoleidae cover the metathorax and abdomen in a loose tent-like manner and posteriorly distinctly surpass the abdominal apex. So far, no synapomorphies of the two taxa from the first half of the Permian have been identified. The very short and transverse pronotum is likely an autapomorphy of †C. archaica. A thorough documentation of the structural features of early beetle fossils should have high priority. RTI is a very promising tool to obtain new and well-founded morphological data, which will allow a thorough phylogenetic evaluation of Permian beetles in future studies. We extended the conventional RTI workflow by focus merging and panoramic stitching, in order to overcome previous limitations. Taxonomic re-arrangements of stem group beetles including †C. archaicawere suggested in recent studies by A.G. Kirejtshuk and co-workers. As they are not based on shared derived features they are irrelevant in a phylogenetic and evolutionary context.
Synthesis of methyl esters from palm oil, candlenut oil, and sunflower seed oil and their corrosion phenomena on iron nail
Authors: Santoso Aman , Agustin Novita , Sumari Sumari , Marfuah Siti , Retnosari Rini , Rachman Ihsan Budi , Wijaya Anugrah Ricky , Asrori Muhammad Roy
Published: September 2022

Biodiesel products show corrosive properties. Biodiesel contains components of saturated and unsaturated esters which tend to be unstable, sensitive to light, temperature, and metal ions. Thus, the study aims to synthesize biodiesel from various vegetable oils (palm oil, sunflower seed oil, and candlenut oil), and to analyze its corrosiveness to ferrous nails and characterization of biodiesel. The research stages were: synthesis of methyl ester and its characterization, and corrosion test. The results showed that the methyl ester characteristics of the samples meet requirements with SNI7182 : 2015. In GC-MS results, the largest components of methyl esters from candlenut oil and sunflower seed oil were 35.04% methyl oleate and 46.79% methyl oleate respectively, while in palm oil, the largest components were 41.60% methyl oleate and 41.16%. methyl palmitate. Corrosion test showed that the corrosion rate of ferrous nail in biodiesel at room temperature was lower than 70 ℃. Based on GC-MS and SEM results, biodiesel contained high unsaturated fatty acids and had a corrosion rate, i.e., at room temperature, the methyl ester of palm oil, candlenut oil, and sunflower seed oil were 0.006 mpy, 0.011 mpy, and 0.011 mpy respectively, while at 70 ℃, they were 0.011 mpy, 0.016 mpy, and 0.017 mpy, respectively. The results corresponded to SEM results at high temperature and significantly high content of unsaturated fatty acids. It was indicated by the formation of pits.
Investigation of the mechanisms and experimental verification of Shao yao gan cao decoction against Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction via systems pharmacology
Authors: Hu Yong-hong , Wang Xue-ying , Zhang Xi-wen , Chen Jian , Li Fu
Published: September 2022

This study explored the chemical and pharmacological mechanisms of Shao Yao Gan Cao decoction (SYGC) in the treatment of Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction (SOD) through ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Quadrupole Exactive-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap HR-MS), network pharmacology, transcriptomics, molecular docking and in vivo experiments. First, we identified that SYGC improves SOD in guinea pigs by increased c-kit expression and decreased inflammation infiltration and ring muscle disorders. Then, a total of 649 SOD differential genes were found through RNA sequencing and mainly enriched in complement and coagulation cascades, the B cell receptor signaling pathway and the NF-kappa B signaling pathway. By combining UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS with a network pharmacology study, 111 chemicals and a total of 52 common targets were obtained from SYGC in the treatment of SOD, which is also involved in muscle contraction, the B cell receptor signaling pathway and the complement system. Next, 20 intersecting genes were obtained among the PPI network, MCODE and ClusterOne analysis. Then, the molecular docking results indicated that four active compounds (glycycoumarin, licoflavonol, echinatin and homobutein) and three targets (AURKB, KIF11 and PLG) exerted good binding interactions, which are also related to the B cell receptor signaling pathway and the complement system. Finally, animal experiments were conducted to confirm the SYGC therapy effects on SOD and verify the 22 hub genes using RT-qPCR. This study demonstrates that SYGC confers therapeutic effects against an experimental model of SOD via regulating immune response and inflammation, which provides a basis for future research and clinical applications.
La statue de Lamarck
Authors: Loison Laurent
Published: September 2022

La statue de Lamarck, située à l’entrée du Jardin des Plantes de Paris, est un objet particulièrement intéressant pour l’historien des sciences. Inaugurée en 1909, elle illustre deux aspects importants du transformisme français du début du XX" siècle. D’une part, elle symbolise parfaitement la réappropriation de la figure de Lamarck par ceux qui depuis quelques temps se réclamaient comme ses continuateurs, les néolamarckiens. D’autre part, plus spécifiquement, certaines caractéristiques de son piédestal renseignent directement sur la manière dont ces scientifiques comprenaient le processus évolutif.
Paul Le Rolland (1887-1957) : de la mécanique physique à la physique des matériaux
Authors: Fonteneau Virginie
Published: September 2022

La carrière du physicien Paul Le Rolland peut se lire à l’image de la confluence, ce lieu précis où se fait la jonction de différents courants, avant qu’ils ne soient indissociables les uns des autres. La première que nous identifions est la rencontre entre ce physicien, formé et enseignant à la faculté des sciences avec une école d’ingénieurs, qui lui offre des collaborations et un espace d’organisation qui changent le cours de ses recherches. La seconde est l’intérêt du champ de la métallurgie scientifique pour ses travaux et pour les instruments de mesure qu’il conçoit. Travaillant de par sa formation dans le cadre d’une approche d’une matière homogène et d’un point de vue macroscopique, il se trouve alors confronté à un domaine où ce cadre est impropre à expliquer les propriétés des différents matériaux de la métallurgie et notamment des alliages. Cette différence de regard change profondément son approche sur la matière. Ces confluences le positionnent en marge des courants dominants en physique, avant la constitution d’un nouveau champ scientifique, la physique des matériaux caractérisée encore aujourd’hui par la pluridisciplinarité, notamment entre physiciens et métallurgistes. Alors la reconnaissance est possible, sa nomination comme professeur à la faculté des sciences de Paris en est le symbole, mais n’intervenant que quelques mois avant sa mort, Le Rolland ne peut marquer ce nouveau champ. Il reste attaché à un courant de la physique, la mécanique physique, et reconnu pour ses apports à la métallurgie.
Tension histoire/mémoire dans la valorisation du patrimoine scientifique et technique : une perspective critique
Authors: Lamy Jérôme
Published: September 2022

L’article interroge la position des historiens des sciences intervenant dans les démarches patrimoniales. Les opérations historique et mémorielle sont substantiellement antinomiques : la première vise à comprendre le passé, la seconde à unifier une communauté. Le patrimoine, qui est une forme concrètement déclinée de pratique mémorielle, mobilise parfois les historiens. Les enjeux politiques et économiques sous-jacents obligent à une mise à distance critique peu aisée. Dans le domaine de l’histoire des sciences et des techniques, les célébrations institutionnelles, les expositions et les musées sont autant d’espaces dans lesquels histoire et mémoire s’affrontent ou se concurrencent. Le souci du public, l’emprise des scientifiques, le travail des groupes d’amateurs, les intérêts politiques et les mémoires des lignées scientifiques limitent ou rendent malaisée la pratique historienne. L’article plaide, in fine, pour un processus critique visant à légitimer l’autonomie et les spécificités de l’histoire des sciences lorsqu’elle est mobilisée dans les processus patrimoniaux.
L’instrument technique à la rencontre du public
Authors: Soulu Frédéric
Published: September 2022

Le château observatoire d’Abbadia, propriété de l’Académie des sciences, fut un laboratoire de géophysique et d’astronomie pendant 150 ans. Ouvert aujourd’hui au public, ce lieu de mémoire expose une collection unique d’instruments scientifiques. Une réflexion muséographique est en cours autour de ce patrimoine et de son usage avec le public. Les enjeux sont nombreux mais l’objectif principal est d’initier le public à un regard critique et constructif sur la science. En proposant la manipulation d’un objet scientifique patrimonial, un contact nouveau avec le public peut être créé. L’instrument est utilisé un témoin signifiant de l’activité scientifique. Une carte de son « biotope » est proposée, sur laquelle se fonde le discours au public. Enfin, plusieurs expériences » jalons » sont analysées afin d’ouvrir une voie originale.
Integrating Virtual Exchange Practices and Digital Instructional Tools in EFL Courses at University Level
Authors: Frumuselu Anca Daniela , Bellot Andrea Roxana
Published: September 2022

Given the massive use of social media during the recent COVID-19 pandemic, EFL teachers could take advantage of this and bring intercultural encounters in the EFL classroom through virtual exchanges. The chapter aims to present a pedagogical proposal for virtual exchange practices in EFL courses at university level. First, it will start with an overview of the COIL (Collaborative Online International Learning) approach. Then, it will bring upfront the main areas of investigation related to telecollaboration and virtual exchange practices. Finally, this chapter will provide a versatile EFL pedagogical proposal, easily adaptable to any particular virtual exchange project to match specific curriculum needs. This proposal is based on real practice and grounded theory of how this approach and the digital tools can be maximized in the current EFL teaching context, highlighting the need of integrating e-learning environments in the regular EFL classroom, either taught in online or face-to-face modality.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Financial Inclusivity of Women in India
Authors: Mittal Shivi , Sharma Soni
Published: September 2022

Financial inclusivity of women during the pandemic has been discussed and analyzed. During COVID-19 the usage of cashless transactions has increased enormously. This chapter will discuss the challenges that women have faced while doing transactions in a cashless manner. For this, a constructive model for the same has been developed by the researchers in order to explain the impact of COVID-19 on the financial inclusivity of women specifically for cashless transactions. For this, the following objectives have been examined and a probable discussion on the same has been concluded: 1) to check the effectiveness of government plans and awareness schemes of financial inclusion for women, 2) coping with the challenges of technology handling and financial literacy among women, and finally, 3) to realize the overall effect of financial inclusion on financial well-being and empowerment of women. This chapter will also present its argument on the implication and discussion of steps on financial inclusivity.
Methods of Extraction of Phytochemicals
Authors: Sinha Dwaipayan , Mukherjee Suchetana , Chowdhury Shahana
Published: September 2022

From ancient times, plants have been exploited medicinally. Plants contain a variety of phytochemicals that are responsible for their medicinal properties. Nowadays there has been tremendous interest in the extraction of phytochemicals on a large scale for pharmaceutical purposes. Thus there has been a constant evolution of extraction techniques from traditional ones to more sophisticated, nonconventional, and greener techniques. This chapter gives an in-depth overview of various techniques used to extract phytochemicals. Effort has been given to discuss the mechanistic aspects involved in extraction.
Performance and Acoustics of a Stacked Rotor with Differential Collective Pitch
Authors:   University of Texas at Austin, Johnson Chloe ,   U.S. Army Research Labs, Jacobellis George , Sirohi Jayant , Singh Rajneesh
Published: September 2022

Performance and acoustics of a 1.108 m radius stacked rotor in hover with an axial spacing between the upper and lower rotor of 0.73 chords were measured. The differential collective pitch of the rotor system, defined as half the difference between the lower rotor pitch and upper rotor pitch was varied along with the azimuthal spacing between the upper and lower blade sets. Coupled comprehensive analysis and acoustics simulations were conducted using the Rotorcraft Comprehensive Analysis System (RCAS), the acoustic solver PSU-WOPWOP, and the broadband noise module from The University of Maryland Acoustic Code (ACUM). Increased sensitivity to azimuthal spacing was observed for large, negative differential collectives, resulting in 76.5% change in thrust and 46% change in power over 11.25?change in azimuthal spacing. The trends in individual and total system thrust were predicted with good accuracy, but the total power tended to be overpredicted. Overall sound pressure level decreased by 3.5 dB at ?2? differential collective and 90?azimuthal spacing due to reduced broadband levels, indicating a possible quiet mode of operation for this type of rotor. Acoustic predictions captured thickness and loading noise trends, but significantly underpredicted broadband levels.
A Realistic Rotorcraft Noise Footprint Computation for Low-Noise Trajectory Optimization
Authors:   Airbus Helicopters, Dieumegard Pierre ,   Universite de Toulouse, Cafierl Sonia , Guntzer Frederic , Caillet Julien
Published: September 2022

This paper introduces recent developments in the computation of rotorcraft noise footprint, implemented in an Airbus Helicopters' internal software. The paper presents the main ingredients that have led to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of such noise footprint computation. This includes taking into account both the particularities of turns in noise emission and the influence of the wind on noise propagation. Furthermore, the software is able to assess a real traffic environmental impact, since computations are done within a realistic 3D simulation environment, taking into account both the curvature of the Earth and the topography of the ground. A variety of noise annoyance indicators can be computed thanks to the coupling with demographic and background noise data. Such realistic noise footprint computation is embedded in a tailored algorithmic scheme aiming at optimizing rotorcraft trajectories in such a way that their associated noise footprint is minimized. The proposed optimization approach has been tested on multiple real-world case studies, showing significant prospective noise reduction compared to reference trajectories.
Analysis of Rotor Noise during Maneuvering Flight based on COLRNS Solver
Authors:   Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Chen Xi , Wang Weiqi , Zhao Qijun , Lin Muyang
Published: September 2022

Based on FW-H equations and the CFD method, aeroacoustic characteristics of rotor during collective pitch aperiodic variation are calculated and analyzed. At first, a set of analysis method for aperiodic rotor aeroacoustic characteristics is developed. The aerodynamic and aeroacoustic characteristics of BO-105 rotor in hover and NACA rotor in a ramp increase of collective pitch are calculated, and the employed numerical analysis method is validated through comparisons with experimental data. Then, the aeroacoustic characteristic of BO-105 rotor in hover and in forward flight during collective pitch aperiodic variation is calculated. Finally, parameters, such as the collective pitch change rate, are quantified, and some conclusions are obtained.
Optimization of Coaxial Rotor System for a Gun-launched Micro Air Vehicle
Authors:   Texas A&M University, Denton Hunter ,   U.S. Army CCDC: ARL, Kang Hao , Benedict Moble
Published: September 2022

The paper discusses an experimental parametric study to maximize the hover efficiency of a coaxial rotor system for a micro air vehicle (MAV) that could potentially be launched from a 40 mm grenade launcher to achieve improved mission range and endurance. Prior to testing the rotors in the coaxial configuration, isolated rotor tests were performed on acustom-built hover test stand. The rotor diameter was kept constant at 6 inches (0.015 m), and used two untwisted carbon fiber blades with rectangular planform shape. The blades utilized thin circular cambered plate airfoil sections for improved performance at low Reynolds numbers (Re ≈ 30,000). The parameters that were varied include blade thickness-to-chord ratio (t/c), chord length, pitch angle, and Reynolds number. Thickness-to-chord ratio did not have a significant impact on figure of merit below 4%. Increasing the blade chord at a constant Reynolds number and t/c significantly improved hover efficiency until a chord length of 16.6 mm (solidity, σ=0.14). Across all the cases tested, the optimal pitch angle was around 16- 17 degrees. The optimal rotor from the isolated rotor experiments was used as the baseline rotor for coaxial rotor testing where the effect of vertical rotor separation was investigated with the same blade pitch angle for upper and lower rotors. Overall, the rotor separation had negligible effect on the performance of the upper and lower rotors for a separation distance range from 0.5R to 2R. The highest figure of merit obtained for the coaxial rotor was around 0.55 at Re = 30,000. Across all the vertical separations and disk loading the torque-balanced coaxial rotor system produced almost 1.5 times the thrust of an isolated rotor, which was set at the same pitch angle.
M-Star Medical Transport with a Multi-Ducted Angled Rotor Design
Authors:   SpyDar Sensors, Pierce Liza ,   M-DAR Engineer, Johnson Michael , Catania Richard , Dana Stuart , Johnson Thomas
Published: September 2022

This paper discusses the benefit of the multi-ducted angled rotor (M-DAR) distributed electric propulsion system in a V/STOL aircraft called the M-Star. The M-DAR propulsion system consists of an array of fixed pitched ducted fans. Traditional fan-in-wing designs can suffer from pitch up effects, stall, instability, and momentum drag when transitioning to forward flight as the oncoming air vector increases. In such planar orientations the air must accelerate rapidly into the ducted fan to prevent blade instability. The M-DAR solves these challenges by lowering the angle at which air enters the fans. A 45-degree M-DAR system enables a higher transition speed than 90-degree ducted fans since the air does not need to turn the additional 45-degrees into the ducts. The M-DAR system is comprised of an array of fans which increase the total disk area while the front plate area remains fixed. The fixed fans also eliminate the weight and complexity of actuators-essentially reducing the mechanical challenges of tiltrotor aircraft into programming tasks. In addition, the M-DAR can be operated as a replacement or in conjunction with control surfaces for increased maneuverability and safety. The M-Star incorporates these design benefits which makes the 2-passenger aircraft affordable, safe, and high endurance. SpyDar has successfully developed subscale Group 1 & 2 cargo UAVs using the M-DAR system and intends to scale the concept into the 2-passenger M-Star eVTOL. The mission of this aircraft will be as a medical commuter vehicle for health professionals to rural and underserved areas.
Transient and Quasi-steady Numerical Simulations of Tiltrotor Conversion Maneuvers
Authors:   Science and Technology Corporation;, Tran Steven ,   U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, Yeo Hyeonsoo
Published: September 2022

The goal of this work is to characterize the ability of current numerical tools such as Comprehensive Analysis (CA) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to model the aeromechanics of a tiltrotor undergoing a transient conversion maneuver. This is accomplished in two parts. First, a simplified model is used to quantify the differences in predicted loads between a simulation of a transient maneuver and those of several quasi-steady simulations. Ultimately this analysis showed that quasi-steady simulations were an efficient and accurate method for modeling transient maneuvers. Following the results from this analysis, the full XV-15 tiltrotor was studied using coupled CFD/CA quasi-steady and standalone CA transient maneuver simulations. It was found that nonlinear effects such as blade/wake interactions and aerodynamic interferences between the rotor and the wings were significant at the beginning and end of the conversion maneuver, respectively. As such, CA showed good agreement with CFD/CA at higher airspeeds during conversion, but struggled at low speeds and during cruise. Overall this work highlights the need for coupled CFD/CA analysis for capturing the complexities of tiltrotor conversion maneuvers. Coupled together, the simulations leverage the strengths offered by each tool and have the capability to accurately model the aerodynamic and structural dynamics of proprotors and tiltrotors at relevant operating conditions.
Clinical course of COPD in patients with Arg16Gly (rs1042713) polymorphism of ADRB2 gene
Authors: Dmytriiev Kostiantyn , Mostovoy Yuriy , Slepchenko Nataliia , Smereka Yuliia
Published: September 2022

The ADBR2 gene has been studied for its possible relationship with the development and clinical course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including response to beta-2 agonists, with existing data being contentious on the subject. So, the purpose of this study was to look into the potential impact of the arginine-16-glycine (Arg16Gly) polymorphism on the clinical course and drug utilization in COPD patients. Data show that patients with Arg16Arg have a lower number of hospital admissions for exacerbations (p=0.048), but only in the total number of exacerbations, including those treated out-patients (p=0.086). Each glycine (Gly) copy was associated with a higher number of exacerbations (OR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.00-055; p=0.048). The number of exacerbations after LABA/LAMA treatment was similar across groups, indicating that all ADRB2 variants responded well to the treatment. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences in mMRC and CAT values across all study visits. Interestingly, groups differed in their use of antibiotics (AB) at all visits, with Arg16Arg being associated with the least amount of AB use. There was also a link discovered between clycine copies and increased use of glucocorticoids. As a result, Arg16Gly is involved in the clinical course of COPD as well as the utilization of drug groups. Based on the findings, we can speculate that the cross-talk between the ADRB2 gene and the corticosteroid receptor is altered in patients with the Gly16Gly genotype.
Management of Densely Calcified Coronary Lesions using OPN–NC Balloon and Shockwave Intravascular Lithotripsy Procedure
Authors: Bagur Manjunath Venkataramaiah
Published: September 2022

Background:

Calcified coronary lesions are challenging to the interventional cardiologists to manage. Debulking the calcified lesions with Rotablation is a well known strategy. Shockwave intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) is the newer novel therapeutic procedure found to be very effective in PCI of calcified lesions.

Aims and Objectives:

To assess the clinical utility of Shockwave IVL in densly calcified coronary lesions.

Materials and Methods:

Four patients underwent PCI with Shockwave IVL for densly calcified lesions between Febraury and March of 2020 and were followed up clinically in our centre.

Results:

All patients are doing well clinically without any coronary events.

Conclusion:

Shockwave IVL is safe and accepted modality of debulking the densly calcified coronary lesions and prepare the bed for optimal stent deployment.
Susceptibility status of Anopheles gambiae s.l. to insecticides used for malaria control in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Zanga Josué , Metelo Emery , Mbanzulu Kennedy , Irish Seth , Mulenda Basimike , Wumba Roger Di-Mosi , Masiangi Paul
Published: September 2022

Contexte et objectif. Malgré plusieurs années de lutte, le paludisme demeure toujours la première cause de mortalité infantile sous les tropiques. Actuellement, la stratégie de contrôle vise des actions simultanées contre l’agent causal et le vecteur du paludisme. L’objectif de la présente étude était de décrire la distribution de la sensibilité d'Anopheles gambiae sl aux insecticides à travers la ville de Kinshasa. Méthodes. Des larves d'anophèles ont été collectées, à travers sept sites de Kinshasa, pendant la période allant de septembre 2017 à mai 2018. Des bioessais standard de l'OMS ont été utilisés pour mesurer la sensibilité d'Anopheles gambiae s.l. aux insecticides. La distribution des espèces et le profil de résistance ont été évalués en recourant aux tests diagnostiques moléculaires. Résultats. Deux espèces du complexe gambiae ont été identifiées : An. gambiae (98,3 %) et An. coluzzii (1,7 %). Une variabilité du statut de résistance à la  deltaméthrine par site a été observée. Cependant, une restauration de la sensibilité a été notée après une pré-exposition au butoxyde de pipéronyle (PBO) dans tous les sites présentant une résistance à la deltaméthrine. Conclusion. La présente étude a démontré qu’An. gambiae s.l. était résistant à la perméthrine dans tous les sites retenus. Cependant, la résistance à la deltaméthrine était variable. Le profil de résistance indique que les moustiquaires deltaméthrine+PBO devraient être envisagées pour la lutte anti vectorielle.

Context and objective. Despite many years of control, malaria remains the leading cause of child mortality in the tropics. Currently, the control strategy aims at simultaneous actions against the causal agent and the vector of malaria. This study aimed to describe the distribution of the susceptibility of Anopheles gambiae sl to insecticides across the city of Kinshasa. Methods. Anopheles larvae were collected from seven sites in Kinshasa during the period from September 2017 to May 2018. Standard WHO bioassays were used to determine the sensitivity of Anopheles gambiae s.l. to insecticides. The species distribution and the resistance profile were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction. Results. Two species of the gambiae complex were identified: An. gambiae (98.3 %) and An. coluzzii (1.7 %). Variability of deltamethrin resistance status by site was observed; however, a restoration of susceptibility was noted after pre-exposure to piperonyl butoxide (PBO) in all sites with deltamethrin resistance. Conclusion. The present study showed that An. gambiae s.l. was resistant to permethrin in all the selected sites. However, resistance to deltamethrin was variable. The resistance profile indicates that deltamethrin+PBO nets should be considered for vector control.