bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of Core Warming as a Treatment for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): an Initial Mathematical Model
Authors: Mercado-Montoya Marcela , Bonfanti Nathaniel , Gundert Emily , Drewry Anne Meredith , Bedimo Roger , Kostov Victor , Kostov Konstantin , Shah Shailee , Kulstad Erik
Published: June 2020

Background: Increasing data suggest that elevated body temperature may be helpful in resolving a variety of diseases, including sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and viral illnesses. SARS-CoV-2, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), may be more temperature sensitive than other coronaviruses, particularly with respect to the binding affinity of its viral entry via the ACE2 receptor. A mechanical provision of elevated temperature focused in a body region of high viral activity in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation may offer a therapeutic option that avoids arrhythmias seen with some pharmaceutical treatments. We investigated the potential to actively provide core warming to the lungs of patients with a commercially available heat transfer device via mathematical modeling, and examine the influence of blood perfusion on temperature using this approach. Methods: Using the software Comsol Multiphysics, we modeled and simulated heat transfer in the body from an intraesophageal warming device, taking into account the airflow from patient ventilation. The simulation was focused on heat transfer and warming of the lungs and performed on a simplified geometry of an adult human body and airway from the pharynx to the lungs. Results: The simulations were run over a range of values for blood perfusion rate, which was a parameter expected to have high influence in overall heat transfer, since the heat capacity and density remain almost constant. The simulation results show a temperature distribution which agrees with the expected clinical experience, with the skin surface at a lower temperature than the rest of the body due to convective cooling in a typical hospital environment. The highest temperature in this case is the device warming water temperature, and that heat diffuses by conduction to the nearby tissues, including the air flowing in the airways. At the range of blood perfusion investigated, maximum lung temperature ranged from 37.6°C to 38.6°C. Conclusions: The provision of core warming via commercially available technology currently utilized in the intensive care unit, emergency department, and operating room can increase regional temperature of lung tissue and airway passages. This warming may offer an innovative approach to treating infectious diseases from viral illnesses such as COVID-19, while avoiding the arrhythmogenic complications of currently used pharmaceutical treatments.
Improved Procedure for Natural Convection Garlic Drying
Authors: Bouhdjar Amor , Semai Hakim , Boukadoum Amal , Elmokretar Sofiane , Mazari Azzedine , Semiani Mohamed , Amari Aissa
Published: June 2020

Vegetable drying is an energy consuming procedure despite the fact that it is the most efficient way to preserve agricultural products. This study investigates a new way to dry good quality garlic at lower cost. Thin garlic layer was submitted to free convection airflow at air drying temperature of 40 °C, 50 °C, and 60 °C. Using the slope method, effective diffusivity coefficient was determined at each drying temperature during the first and second falling drying rate periods. Considering the former, it increased with increasing temperature. In relation to latter, it decreased with the temperature increase. However, at low drying temperatures, process keeps on going to very low moisture content; and it develops to an asymptotic value at high temperatures, indicating that shrinking at high temperature prevents evaporation of some residual moisture. Considered separately, these temperatures do not reflect the conditions met in solar drying, since in solar systems, air temperature increases during the day with increasing solar radiation. Therefore, characterization of garlic drying by means of step temperature varying – the first hour of drying at 40 °C; the second hour of drying at 50 °C, and the remaining time of drying at 60 °C – might better correspond with conditions under solar drying and result in better understanding of the process.
Pembinaan Narapidana Yang Mengalami Gangguan Jiwa di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Lambaro Aceh Besar
Authors: Agusriadi Agusriadi
Published: June 2020

Undang-Undang No.12/1995 tentang Lembaga Pemasyarakatan maupun Peraturan Pemerintah No. 99 Tahun 2012 tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 32 Tahun 1999 tentang Syarat dan Tata Cara Pelaksanaan Hak Warga Binaan Pemasyarakatan tidak menjelaskan ketentuan terhadap narapidana yang gila di dalam lapas sebagaimana yang pernah terjadi di lapas Kelas II-A Lambaro atas nama Zabir bin Ilyas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaturan dan pembinaan terhadap narapidana yang mengalami gangguan kejiwaan dalam lapas dan mengidentifikasi kepastian hukum bagi narapidana yang sedang mengalami gangguan kejiwaan serta mengetahui status hukum bagi narapidana yang sembuh dari gangguan kejiwaan. Metode penelitian adalah normatif-empiris dengan menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptis analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pengaturan tentang perawatan narapidana yang mengalami gangguan jiwa dalam lembaga pemasyarakatan di Indonesia belum diatur. Adapun mengenai narapidana yang mengalami gangguan kejiwaan di lembaga pemasyarakatan di Indonesia hingga kini belum ada kepastian hukum karena kasus seperti ini hampir tidak pernah terjadi di Indonesia. Terkait status hukum narapidana yang sembuh dari gangguan kejiwaan masih tetap sebagai tersangka (ditahan). Tidak ada keringanan hukuman apalagi sampai dibebaskan sebelum masa hukuman habis dijalankan.Law No.12 / 1995 on Penal Institutions and Government Regulation no. 99 Year 2012 on the Second Amendment to Government Regulation Number 32 Year 1999 concerning Terms and Procedures for Implementation of Rights of Citizens of Correctional Penitentiaries does not explain the provisions of prisoners who are crazy in prisons as happened in prisons Class II-A Lambaro on behalf of Zabir bin Ilyas. This study aims to determine the regulation and guidance of prisoners who experience psychiatric disorders in prisons and identify legal certainty for inmates who are experiencing psychiatric disorders and know the legal status for prisoners who recover from psychiatric disorders. The research method is normative-empirical by using type of descriptive analysis research. The results of the study indicate that the regulation of the treatment of inmates who are mentally ill in prisons in Indonesia has not been regulated. As for the inmates who suffered psychiatric disorders in prisons in Indonesia until now there is no legal certainty because cases like this almost never happen in Indonesia. Related to the legal status of convicts who recover from psychiatric disorders still remain as a suspect (arrested). There is no relief of punishment let alone until released before the sentence runs.
Tinjauan Yuridis Pembatasan Upaya Hukum Kasasi Dalam Kasus Gugatan Terhadap Keputusan Pejabat Daerah
Authors: Muhibuddin Muhibuddin , Syahbandir Mahdi , Rasyid M. Nur
Published: June 2020

Pasal 45A Ayat (2) huruf c Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2004 tentang Mahkamah Agung membatasi pengajuan upaya hukum kasasi terhadap perkara tata usaha negara yang objek gugatannya berupa keputusan pejabat daerah. Pembatasan ini menimbulkan ketidakadilan bagi pencari keadilan (yustisiable) yang ingin mendapatkan keadilan jika pada tingkat pertama dan banding tidak diterima gugatannya. Di samping itu, pembatasan tersebut telah merubah sistem peradilan di Indonesia yang terdiri dari tingkat pertama, banding dan kasasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui alasan pembatasan upaya hukum dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2004, tinjauan keadilan kepada warga negara dan asas-asas pembentukan perundang-undangan yang baik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif  yang ingin mengidentifikasi dari aspek hukumnya. Data yang digunakan terdiri bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembatasan pengajuan upaya hukum untuk mengurangi penumpukan perkara di Mahkamah Agung. Akibat pembatasan tersebut sangat merugikan warga negara yang ingin memperjuangkan haknya dan tidak mencerminkan asas-asas pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan yang baik.Article 45 (2) point C of the Act Number 5, 2004 on the Supreme Court Especially Limiting judicial review on the decision of the object of civil administrative state’s case which its lawsuit is the decision of officials in district, municipality or provincial officials. The limitation is not fair towards every justice seekers who are willing to obtain justices in the first court and the court of appeal have not tried the cases fairly. Apart from that the limitation has changed the justice system in Indonesia consisting of the first instance court, the court of appeal, and review court of the Supreme Court. This research aims to know the reasons of such limitation in the Act Number 5, 2004, justice review for citizens and principles of well law making. This is juridical normative research, which is trying to identify legal substances. The sources of data are secondary that are primary, secondary and tertiary legal sources. The research shows that the limitation of judicial review is to reduce the number of cases at the Supreme Court. The result of the nullification causes loss for citizens who are trying to fight for their rights and it does not reflect the principle of well law making process.
Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Perusakan Barang Yang Dilakukan Bersama-Sama
Authors: Tajalla Syahruman , Rinaldi Yanis
Published: June 2020

Pasal 406 ayat (1) KUHP menyatakan bahwa orang yang merusak properti orang lain dipidana penjara maksimal dua tahun delapan bulan atau denda maksimal Rp 4.500,-. Tidak dapat dikatakan adil jika perusakan terhadap properti orang lain dipidana dengan pidana penjara dan denda saja tanpa adanya pemulihan terhadap properti tersebut (ganti kerugian). Ketiadaan perbedaan pidana antara orang yang melakukan, yang menyuruh melakukan atau turut melakukan perbuatan pidana berdasarkan Pasal 55 KUHP, tidak dapat dikatakan adil karena perbuatan dan akibat yang ditimbulkan berbeda-beda antara satu orang dengan orang lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pertanggungjawaban pidana atas perusakan barang yang dilakukan bersama-sama berdasarkan konsep keadilan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Data yang digunakan terdiri bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk mencapai keadilan, pidana terhadap pelaku perusakan barang adalah ganti kerugian untuk korban. Dalam tindak pidana perusakan barang secara bersama-sama, maka seharusnya masing-masing orang bertanggung jawab sesuai akibat dan perbuatannya.Article 406 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code states that the person who damages the property of another person shall be sentenced to a maximum of two years and eight months imprisonment or a maximum fine of Rp 4.500. It can not be said to be fair if the destruction of another person's property is punishable by imprisonment and fine only in the absence of a recovery of the property (compensation). The absence of punishment difference between the perpetrator, person who ordered or involved under Article 55 of the Criminal Code, can not be said to be fair because the actions and consequences inflicted vary from one person to another. This study aims to explain the criminal liability for the destruction of goods carried out jointly based on the concept of justice. This type of research is normative legal research. The data used consist of primary, secondary and tertiary law materials. The results show that to achieve justice, the punishment to the perpetrator of the destruction of goods is a compensation to the victim. In the criminal act of destruction of goods carried out jointly, then each person should be responsible according to the consequences and actions.
Hak Memperoleh Pendidikan Inklusif Terhadap Penyandang Disabilitas
Authors: Anzari Mudhafar , Sarong A. Hamid , Rasyid M. Nur
Published: June 2020

Pendidikan inklusif adalah sebuah layanan pendidikan peserta didik berkebutuhan khusus yang tergolong luar biasa dikarenakan kondisi fisik, mental maupun kecerdasan luar biasa. Tahapan Implementasinya ditemukan kendala pada pemerintah sebagai penanggung jawab pemenuhan hak pendidikan maupun sekolah sebagai penyelenggara pendidikan. Untuk itu diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut berkenaan penyelenggaraan pendidikan inklusif di Kota Banda Aceh. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis empiris adalah penelitian hukum mengenai pelaksanaan pendidikan inklusif, dengan menggunakan pendekatan mengkaji seluruh perundang-undangan mengenai pendidikan inkusif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Pemerintah Kota Banda Aceh belum maksimal dalam hal pengelolaan, pengembangan, maupun peningkatan mutu pendidikan inklusif yang terlihat pada implementasinya di sekolah-sekolah. Padahal pemerintah punya tanggungjawab dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan dan pemberdayaan sekolah inklusif. Sekolah menyelenggarakannya berdasarkan kemampuan sumber daya guru seadanya dengan aksesibilitas yang kurang mendukung. Padahal pendidikan inklusif itu sendiri bersifat terbuka untuk anak dengan segala jenis hambatan yang dialaminya. The special education inclusive  to students who have difficulty in following the learning process because of physical, emotional, mental, social, and / or have the potential of intelligence and special talent. Stages of Implementation constraints on the Government as found in charge of fulfilling the rights education as well as schools as education providers. For that needed further research concerning the holding of inclusive education in Banda Aceh. This research method is empirical juridical legal research on the implementation of inclusive education, using an approach examines all legislation concerning inclusive education. The results showed Banda Aceh city government hasn't been fullest in terms of management, development as well as improved quality of education for inclusive seen on its implementation in schools. Where as the Government had a responsibility to improve the quality of education and empowerment of inclusive schools. The school commissioned the work based onthe ability of the resource teacher potluck with less accessibility support. But the inclusive education it self are open to children with all types of barriers that affect them.
Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Rumah Sakit Akibat Kelalaian Pelayanan Medis
Authors: Maulana Panji
Published: June 2020

Pasal 46 Undang-Undang Nomor 44 Tahun 2009 tentang Rumah Sakit berbunyi bahwa rumah sakit bertanggung jawab secara hukum terhadap semua kerugian yang ditimbulkan atas kelalaian yang dilakukan oleh tenaga kesehatan di rumah sakit. Namun pada kenyataannya, rumah sakit tidak bertanggung jawab terhadap kelalaian yang dilakukan oleh tenaga kesehatan pada rumah sakit tersebut bahkan menjurus kepada kelalaian medis dengan penelantaran pasien yang membutuhkan pertolongan segera, sehingga perbuatan tersebut menyebabkan kematian ibu dan anak. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridis empiris yaitu jenis penelitian yang meneliti dan menelaah efektivitas suatu peraturan perundang-undangan yaitu Undang-Undang Rumah Sakit terutama terhadap pelaksanaan tanggung jawab pidana oleh rumah sakit. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bentuk pertanggungjawaban pidana Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak (RSIA) Banda Aceh pada kasus kematian ibu Suryani dan bayinya akibat penelantaran yang dilakukan oleh tenaga kesehatan RSIA belum terealisasi sebagaimana yang diatur dalam Undang - Undang Rumah Sakit.Article 46 of Law Number 44 of 2009 concerning Hospital (Hospital Law) states that the hospital is legally responsible for all losses incurred due to negligence committed by health personnel in the hospital. But in reality, the hospital is not responsible for negligence carried out by health workers at the hospital and even leads to deliberate neglect of patients who need immediate help, so that these actions cause maternal and child deaths. The type of research used in this study is empirical juridical research, which is a type of research that examines and examines the effectiveness of legislation, namely the Law on Hospitals, especially for the implementation of criminal responsibility by hospitals. The results of the study show the form of criminal responsibility of the Banda Aceh Maternal and Child Hospital (RSIA) in the case of the death of the Syriac mother and her baby due to neglect carried out by RSIA health personnel that have not been realized as stipulated in the Hospital Law.
Efektivitas Pelaksanaan Asas Peradilan Sederhana, Cepat Dan Biaya Ringan Berkaitan Dengan Yurisdiksi Pengadilan Negeri Sigli
Authors: Akhyar Sayed
Published: June 2020

Asas peradilan sederhana, cepat dan biaya ringan telah diatur dalam UU, Hakim wajib menerapkan asas tersebut dengan tujuan memberikan keadilan dan menghematkan waktu bagi para pihak yang menyelesaikan perkara. Begitu juga hakim yang memeriksan dan menutuskan perkara di Pengadilan Negeri Sigli, meskipun PN Sigli memiliki 2 wilayah yurisdiksi yaitu Pidie dan Pidie Jaya. Tujuan penulisan untuk mengetahui efektifitas dan hambatan dalam pelaksanaan asas peradilan sederhana, cepat dan biaya ringan di PN Sigli. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian yuridis empiris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: pertama. Penerapan asas pengadilan sederhana, cepat dan biaya ringan belum berjalan dengan efektif dan sempurna di PN Sigli. Kedua. Pelaksanaan asas sederhana, cepat dan biaya ringan di PN Sigli masih mendapat berbagai macam hambatan, yaitu: Pemanggilan Tidak Ketemu Para Pihak di Tempat, Keuchik Lupa Menginformasikan kepada Pihak, Lupa Mencamtukan Materai Pada Seluruh Bukti, Banyaknya Perkara yang Masuk, Banyaknya Saksi yang Dihadirkan, para pihak Tidak Serius, dan gagalnya proses mediasi.The principle of simple, fast and low-cost justice has been regulated in the Law, the Judge is obliged to apply the principle with the aim of providing justice and saving time for the parties who settle the case. Likewise the judge who examined and decided on the case in the Sigli District Court, even though the Sigli District Court had 2 jurisdictions namely Pidie and Pidie Jaya. The purpose of writing is to find out the effectiveness and obstacles in the implementation of simple, fast and low-cost judicial principles in Sigli District Court. The method used is an empirical juridical research method. The results of the study show: first. The application of a simple, fast and low cost court principle has not been effective and perfect in Sigli District Court. Second. The implementation of simple, fast and low-cost principles in Sigli District Court still gets various obstacles, namely: Summoning Not Meeting Parties at the Place, Keuchik Forgot to Inform the Parties, Forgot to Stamp on All Evidence, Number of Cases Entered, Number of Witnesses Presented, the parties are not serious, and the mediation process fails.
Penerapan Restorative Justice Dalam Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Pencurian Oleh Anak Dalam Perspektive Adat Aceh
Authors: Rahmi Isnatul , Rizanizarli Rizanizarli
Published: June 2020

Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk menjelaskan faktor yang menyebabkan anak melakukan tindak pidana pencurian, untuk menjelaskan penerapan konsep penyelesaian kasus pencurian oleh anak dalam adat Aceh khususnya di wilayah Kota Sabang, serta untuk menjelaskan hambatan dan upaya penyelesaian secara Restorative Justice dalam kaitannya dengan Adat Aceh di Kota Sabang. Perolehan data dalam penulisan artikel ini diperoleh dengan menggunakan penelitian kepustakaan dan penelitian lapangan. Penelitian kepustakaan dilakukan dengan cara membaca buku-buku, peraturan perundang-undangan dan jurnal-jurnal yang berkaitan dengan penelitian ini. Penelitian lapangan dilakukan dengan cara mewawancarai responden dan informan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa faktor pencurian oleh anak ialah akibat kurangnya keharmonisan di dalam keluarga, ekonomi keluarga, dan juga ikut-ikutan teman dan akhirnya menjerumuskan anak ke dalam kasus pencurian tersebut, penyelesaian kasus dilakukan secara musyawarah melalui peradilan adat tingkat gampong. Dalam penyelesaiannya keuchik dituntut untuk dapat menerapkan hukum yaitu adat istiadat, keuchik memutuskan perkara tersebut dengan primsip kekeluargaan dan menimbang hukuman yang tepat kepada anak berdasarkan nilai adat-istiadat. Hambatan nya adalah Pendekatan yang sulit, peradilan adat yang kurang profesional, kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat terhadap hukum adat.  Sedangkan Upaya nya adalah menyelesaikan masalah anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum tetapi tidak melalui jalur mekanisme Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak. Disarankan kepada  Pemerintah Kota Sabang  perlu di sosialisasikan Qanun No. 9 Tahun 2008 tentang Pembinaan Kehidupan Adat dan Adat Istiadat dan Peraturan Gubernur Aceh No. 60 Tahun 2013 tentang Pelaksanaan Penyelesaian Sengketa/Perselisihan Adat dan Istiadat agar masyarakat dapat memahami penyelesaian secara adat.
Tindak Pidana Menganjurkan Orang Lain Melakukan Pembunuhan
Authors: Musriza Musriza , Iqbal M.
Published: June 2020

Pasal 55 ayat (1) angka 2 KUHP jo. Pasal 53 ayat (1) KUHP menyebutkan bahwa menentukan seseorang yang menganjurkan orang lain untuk melakukan suatu perbuatan pidana dimana orang lain tersebut tergerak untuk memenuhi anjurannya disebabkan karena terpengaruh oleh upaya-upaya yang dilancarkan penganjur. Sedangkan mencoba melakukan kejahatan dipidana, jika niat untuk itu telah ternyata dari adanya permulaan pelaksanaan dan tidak selesainya pelaksanaan itu, bukan semata-mata disebabkan karena kehendaknya sendiri. Namun prakteknya masih ada masyarakat yang mencoba untuk melakukan percobaan dengan membujuk orang lain untuk melakukan pembunuhan. Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk menjelaskan faktor pelaku menganjurkan orang lain melakukan percobaan pembunuhan, menjelaskan alasan penyelesaian kasus di luar proses pengadilan, dan menjelaskan upaya penegakan hukum yang dilakukan kepolisian terhadap pelaku. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan penelitian yuridis empiris. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa faktor pelaku melakukan percobaan pembunuhan yaitu karena pelaku merasa kesal terhadap korban karena lembu mlik korban dilepas sembarangan sehingga merusak lahan pelaku. Kasus ini diselesaikan diluar pengadilan yaitu melalui musyawarah. Upaya penegakan hukum yang dilakukan belum maksimal karena diselesaikan diluar pengadilan yaitu secara damai. Disarankan kepada masyarakat agar lebih bijak dalam berbicara dan seharusnya permasalahan ini diproses di Pengadilan sehingga menimbulkan efek jera terhadap pelaku.
Penerapan Sanksi Pidana Terhadap Warga Negara Asing Pelaku Penyalahgunaan Izin Tinggal
Authors: Syahputra Yudianto , Hadi Ainal
Published: June 2020

Pasal 122 huruf a Undang-Undang No. 6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian menentukan bahwa : Setiap Warga Negara Asing yang dengan sengaja menyalahgunakan atau melakukan kegiatan yang tidak sesuai dengan maksud dan tujuan pemberian izin tinggal yang diberikan kepadanya dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 5 ( lima ) tahun dan dipidana denda paling banyak Rp. 500.000.000 (lima ratus juta rupiah). Namun dalam kenyataannya masih terjadi adanya penyalahgunaan izin tinggal yang dilakukan oleh Warga Negara Asing yang tidak diterapkan sanksi pidana. Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan alasan terhadap pelaku tidak diterapkan sanksi pidana, upaya yang dilakukan untuk menanggulangi terjadinya penyalahgunaan izin tinggal, dan hambatan yang dialami dalam menanggulangi terjadinya penyalahgunaan izin tinggal. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian yuridis empiris. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa alasan terhadap pelaku penyalahgunaan izin tinggal tidak diterapkan sanksi pidana adalah penanganan kasus lebih singkat, masalah anggaran dana karantina yang terbatas. Upaya penanggulangan melalui upaya preventif dan upaya represif. Adapun hambatan yang dialami dalam menanggulangi terjadinya penyalahgunaan izin tinggal adalah faktor kemudahan dalam pemberian perizinan bebas visa terhadap warga negara asing. Disarankan kepada pihak imigrasi agar selalu mengawasi keberadaan dan kegiatan orang asing agar pelaku tidak menyalahgunakan izin keimigrasian.
Isolation of Caffeine from Carbonated Beverages
Authors: Hassan Amir , Ashfaq Muhammad , Khan Ali , Khan Muhammad Shakeel
Published: June 2020

The work presented on the isolation of naturally occurring alkaloid from carbonated beverages. The extensive presence of caffeine in different plants plays an important role in the long-standing acceptance of caffeine-containing products. Caffeine (3,7-dihydro-1, 3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione or 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is an alkaloid belongs to Methylxanthine family. Liquid-liquid extraction methods were used in the assay of research work. Chloroform was taken as extracting solvent. Solid residue of caffeine was recrystallized from 95% ethanol using 5ml/gram (5ml per gram). It is declared to raise caffeine, effects a number of different drugs include Paracetamol, Benzodiazepines and Aspirin and amount of plasma free Fatty acids increases. While inform that in regular sleeping interaction caffeine take place and raise the absorption of certain drugs. Changes in drug metabolizing enzymes, acts as an agent in a microsomal system of the body. The highest amount of caffeine dry crystal is extracted in sting sample while the 7up sample is free from caffeine.
Face Recognition Untuk Akses Pegawai Bank Menggunakan Deep Learning Dengan Metode CNN
Authors: Arsal Muhammad , Agus Wardijono Bheta , Anggraini Dina
Published: June 2020

Perkembangan teknologi berkembang dengan sangat cepat, sehingga memberikan banyak manfaat khususnya dalam bidang Teknologi Informasi. Permintaan layanan dengan penggunaan teknologi semakin banyak dibutuhkan oleh perusahaan. Salah satu perusahaan yang membutuhkannya adalah perusahaan perbankan. Perkembangan teknologi memudahkan perusahaan untuk bisa menyelesaikan masalah, salah satunya masalah dalam sistem keamanan. Sistem kemanan dibutuhkan dalam setiap perusahaan dalam segala aspek. Sistem keamanan untuk pintu akses pegawai merupakan permintaan sebuah perusahaan bank yang dibuat dalam penelitian ini. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan sistem keamanan pintu akses pegawai bank dengan menggunakan face recognition. Teknologi Face Recognition menggunakan pembahasan Deep Learning. Pembuatan aplikasi ini menggunakan algoritma Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Bahasa pemrograman yang digunakan dalam pembuatan program ini yaitu python.  Proses pembuatan aplikasi ini dengan tahapan pembuatan Face Recognition yaitu akuisisi gambar, preprocessing, ektraksi, klasifikasi, dan identifikasi data gambar. Penelitian ini berhasil menggunakan Face Recognition oleh 5 orang dataset wajah pegawai bank yang terdiri dari 70 data wajah pada masing-masing orang. Sehingga total data wajah yang digunakan 350 data wajah. Dataset tersebut dipisahkan menjadi 3 tahapan data yaitu data train, data validasi, dan data uji. Hasil dari pengujian ketiga dataset tersebut berhasil mengidentifikasi wajah yang ditangkap oleh kamera dengan persentase keakuratan 95%. Program pada penelitian ini berhasil digunakan bank untuk pintu akses ruangan perkantoran oleh pegawai bank.
Presente y futuro de la Cooperación al Desarrollo: Entre el debate de la eficacia y las dudas sobre su pertinencia
Authors: Unceta Satrustegui Koldo
Published: June 2020

This article presents an overview of the most important debates that explain not only the present and the future of development co-operation, but also its relation to the crisis, framing in within the papers published in the current issue of the Journal of Applied Economics Studies. On one hand, these debates are associated to the vast literature emerged over the last twenty years concerning the effectiveness of aid and the need of an improvement of its quality. On the other hand, they are related to a wider viewpoint that questions the identity of the co-operation nowadays and the role that it can play in the following years.
Estimación de la función de distribución y cuantiles en la población de pobres
Authors: Álvarez-Verdejo Encarnación , Estudillo-Martínez María Dolores , Castillo-Gutiérrez Sonia
Published: June 2020

The poverty line is an economic indicator that divides a population into poor and non poor. Studies about poverty are highly interested on the population of poor, hence they measure the distribution and intensity of the poor through different indicators. Such indicators are generally based upon the distribution function and quantiles. Assuming an arbitrary sampling design, the estimation of the previous parameters is discussed in this paper. Proposed estimators are numerically evaluated via Monte Carlo simulation studies and using data extracted from the Spanish Household Panel Survey.
ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI LISTEN BEFORE TALK (LBT) PADA LTE-LICENSED ASSISTED ACCESS (LAA) DAN WI-FI 5 GH
Authors: Dilaga Dilla Fajar Sukma , Usman Uke Kurniawan , Perdana Doan
Published: June 2020

LTE Release 13 memungkinkan pengguna anspektrum frekuensi unlicensed yang disebut dengan Licensed-Assisted Access(LAA).PadaLTE-LAA,spektrumlicensed LTEdigunakansebagaiprimarycelluntukmembawainformasi serta mengangkut tra?k data. Untuk secondary cell, spektrum unlicensed 5 GHz digunakan, yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas, serta pembagian spektrum secara adil. Penelitian ini menganalisa penggunaan mekanisme Listen Before Talk (LBT)padaLTE-LAAsebagaimekanismeuntukmenghasilkankoeksistensiantara LTE-LAA dan Wi-Fi. Hasil simulasi skenario 1 menghasilkan indeks fairness throughput 64 pengguna untuk FTP over UDP pada skenario 1 sebesar 0.998, skenario 2 sebesar 0.857 dan skenario 3 sebesar 0.997. Sedangkan untuk FTP over TCP pada skenario 1 sebesar 0.779, skenario 2 sebesar 0.639 dan skenario 3 sebesar 0.741.
PERANCANGAN DAN ANALISIS PENGIRIMAN DATA DIGITAL BERBASIS VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION (VLC) MENGGUNAKAN LENSA CEMBUNG
Authors: Vidyaningtyas Hurianti , Fuaddah Yunendah Nur , Gunawan Teguh Musaharpa , Wijayanto Inung , Hadiyoso Sugondo
Published: June 2020

Teknologi sistem komunikasi optik dikembangkan untuk mengatasi kekurangan yang ada pada sistem komunikasi nirkabel dengan gelombang radio yang memiliki keterbatasan frekuensi. Salah satu sistem komunikasi optik yang dikembangkan adalah Visible Light Communication (VLC) yang menggunakan Light Emitting Diode (LED) sebagai pemancar sinyal dan fotodioda sebagai penerima sinyal. Pada sisi penerima, dipasang lensa cembung yang memiliki karakteristik mengumpulkan cahaya untuk mendapatkan jarak terima yang lebih jauh. Pada penelitian ini, sistem komunikasi optik menggunakan VLC dapat mengirimkan data digital berupa gambar dan video sampai jarak 3m dengan rentang sudut 0o-60o dan baud rate maksimum 9600bps.
ANALISA PENGGUNAAN SKEMA KONTROL DAYA BERBASIS WATERFILLING DAN ALGORITMA ALOKASI MEAN-GREEDY PADA SISTEM LONG TERM EVOLUTION (LTE)
Authors: Prabowo Vinsensius Sigit Widhi , Pamukti Brian
Published: June 2020

Sistem komunikasi nirkabel diharapkan menjadi suatu sistem yang dapat menyajikan kualitas layanan yang cepat,handal,dane?sien. Olehkarenaitu,diperlukanskemamanajemensumberdayayangbaikuntukmencapai parameter performansi tersebut. Penelitian ini berfokus pada skema manajemen sumber daya pada sistem Long Term Evolution yang tidak hanya mengejar parameter performansi dasar seperti e?siensi spektral dan fairness sistem, tetapi juga mempertimbangkan aspek e?siensi energi. Penambahan skema kontrol daya water?lling digunakanpadaalgoritmaalokasimeangreedyuntukmengaturdayapadatiap-tiapresourceblock(RB).2Skema yang digunakan adalah normal water?lling (NWF) yang memberikan daya lebih pada user dengan kondisi kanal buruk dan Inverse Water?lling (IWF) yang mengalokasikan daya lebih pada user dengan kondisi kanal baik. Dari hasil simulasi didapatkan skema NWF menaikkan fairness sistem sebesar 10% tetapi menurunkan nilai e?siensi spektral sebesar 1,02 bps/Hz, dan menurunkan e?siensi energi sebesar 68,75 kbps/Watt. Sebaliknya, skema IWF meningkatkan e?siensi spektral sebanyak 1,42 bps/Hz, dan meningkatkan e?siensi energi sebanyak 205,67 kbps/Watt, tetapi fairness sistem menurun sebesar 11%. Dapat disimpulkan, skema NWF baik untuk sistem yang mengedepankan keadilan sistem dan stabilitas koneksi,sedangkan skema IWF lebih sesuai diterapkan pada sistem yang mengedepankan efisiensi. KataKunci: ,,,
Penerapan Pengendalian Persediaan Metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) di PT. Wijaya Metalindo Work
Authors: Darmadi Darmadi
Published: June 2020

Salah satu permasalahan dalam system produksi adalah melakukan pengendalikan persediaan bahan baku dengan menentukan berapa jumlah pemesanan dengan biaya minimum, berapa stock pengaman, berapa kali memesan kembali dan biaya persediaan tiap bahan baku support perperiode, agar supaya produksi pembuatan produk berjalan dengan baik dan lancer. Oleh karena itu perusahaan PT Wijaya Metalindo Work dalam melaksanakan pengaturan bahan baku proses manufacktur adalah dengan menggunakan metode pengendalian persediaan dengan metode Economic Orde Quantity (EOQ). Karena dalam metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) ini lebih baik dan efisien, sehingga memudahkan perusahaan untuk mengetahui dan menentukan pengaturan persediaan bahan baku support produksi. Dari data perusahaan yang diambil kemudian dianalisa dengan metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) ini, maka perusahaan dapat menentukan/menetapkan jumlah pemesanan dengan biaya minimum, stock pengaman (safety stock), pemesanan kembali (Re Order Point) dan biaya persediaan tiap bahanb baku support per periode.
A SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PROJECT FROM TRAKYA UNIVERSITY: “YOU ARE MY FUTURE”
Authors: TABAKOĞLU Nilgün
Published: June 2020

Institutions do not only limit their activities within the framework of their missions and visions. In addition, they continue their social responsibility activities. Social responsibility is for institutions to act in the interest of society, taking into account ethical values. Education is one of the most important social institutions that shape the fields of activity in this direction. Education is a social institution that ensures social equality and transitions between social classes. Thus, individuals can move from lower socio-economic level to upper classes. This mobility takes place not only with the functions of educational institutions but also with social responsibility projects of institutions. In this context, Trakya University carries out projects for the quality and continuity of the education life of disadvantaged students with low socio-economic level. One of these is the "You Are My Future" project. The project is based on the idea that music education plays an important role in the psychological development of the child as well as his mental functions, and the child, who provides internal satisfaction through music education, gains both a healthy spiritual development and a proper personality structure. This project study is presented as a case study. In this study, with the project titled “You are My Future”, which was carried out within Trakya University, it was investigated how positive changes in disadvantaged children by taking instrument and singing training.
Ideological Absorption and Countertechniques
Authors: Asta
Published: June 2020

Abstract here.
Omega-6/omega-3 ratio serum, omega-3 index, and hs-CRP serum in obese adolescents aged 16-18 years
Authors: Mahesty I.R. , Sulchan M. , Kartini A.
Published: June 2020

The incidence of obesity in the world has more than tripled between 1975 and 2016.
International organizations and many researchers continue to look for causes of obesity.
The expected increase in income ratio with an increase in the ratio of omega-6/omega-3
intake from 1:1 to 20:1 in the last three decades. This study aimed to describe the ratio of
serum omega-6/omega-3, omega-3 index, and serum hs-CRP in obese adolescents aged 16
-18 years. This research used cross-sectional study design with a total of thirty-two
subjects. Omega-6 serum, omega-3 serum, and omega-3 index were analyzed using gas
chromatography while serum hs-CRP was analyzed using Turbidimetric Assay. The mean
of omega-6 serum was 3358.59±845.75 μmol/L, omega-3 serum was 281.00±81.25 μmol/
L, 62.5% of subjects had omega-3 index levels < 4% (below standard), and 93.8% of
subjects had a serum omega-6/omega-3 ratio > 9:1 (above standard). As many as 25% of
subjects had serum hs-CRP levels > 3 mg/L. These findings suggested that 93.8% of
subjects had high omega-6/omega-3 ratio serum and 25% of subjects had hs-CRP serum >
3 mg/L.
Revising Computerized Therapy for Wider Appeal Among Adolescents: Youth Perspectives on a Revised Version of SPARX
Authors: Fleming Theresa , Stasiak K , Moselen E , Hermansson-Webb E , Shepherd M , Lucassen M , Bavin LM , Merry SN
Published: June 2020

© Copyright © 2019 Fleming, Stasiak, Moselen, Hermansson-Webb, Shepherd, Lucassen, Bavin and Merry. Background: The way in which computerized therapy is presented may be important for its uptake. We aimed to explore adolescents’ views on the appeal of a tested computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (CCBT) for depression (SPARX), and a revised version (SPARX-R). The versions were similar but while SPARX is presented explicitly as a treatment for depression, SPARX-R is presented as providing skills that could be useful for young people for when they were depressed, down, angry, or stressed. Methods: We held 9 focus groups with a total of 79 adolescents (13–19 years old; 47 females; 34 New Zealand European; 22 Māori or Pacific; 60 reported having experienced feeling down or low for at least several days in a row). Groups viewed the opening sequences of SPARX and SPARX-R (in random order), then took part in a semi-structured discussion and completed a brief questionnaire. Responses were analyzed using a general inductive approach. Results: Participants considered both SPARX and SPARX-R useful and considered the stated purpose of the program to be important. Four themes contrasted the two approaches. The first, “naming depression is risky”, referred to perceptions that an explicit focus on depression could be off-putting, including for adolescents with depression. The second theme of “universality” reflected preferences for a universal approach as young people might not recognize that they were depressed, and all would benefit from the program. In contrast, “validation” reflected the view of a significant minority that naming depression could be validating for some. Finally, the theme of “choice” reflected a near-unanimously expressed preference for both options to be offered, allowing user choice. In questionnaire responses, 40 (68%) of participants preferred SPARX-R, 13 (18%) preferred SPARX, while 10 (14%) “didn’t mind”. Responses were similar among participants who reported that they had experienced at least a few days of low mood and those who had not. Conclusions: The way a CCBT program is presented may have implications for its appeal. The potential population impact of CCBT programs explicitly targeting depression and those targeting more universal feelings such as being stressed or feeling depressed should be explored for varied user groups.
Sectarianism and Separatism in Colonial Port Phillip
Authors: Wallace Valerie
Published: June 2020

No description supplied
Novos rumos da produção do conhecimento científico da Enfermagem do Piauí
Authors: Moura Maria Eliete Batista , Figueiredo Maria Do Livramento Fortes , Monteiro Claudete Ferreira de Souza
Published: June 2020

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Mapping the concentration of sea ice in the central Antarctic Peninsula with Sentinel 1 data
Authors: Hillebrand Fernando Luis , Bremer Ulisses Franz , Arigony-Neto Jorge , Da Rosa Cristiano Niederauer , Mendes Júnior Cláudio Wilson , Costi Juliana , De Freitas Marcos Wellausen Dias
Published: June 2020

O gelo marinho atua como isolante térmico entre o oceano e a atmosfera e sem este, o oceano está livre para emitir calor à atmosfera, influenciando a formação de massas d’água e circulação oceânica. Este trabalho propõe a classificação e identificação do gelo marinho por meio de imagens SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) na banda C, obtidas pelo satélite Sentinel 1B, modo de imageamento EW (Extra Wide Swath) sob polarizações HH e HV, estando radiometricamente calibradas e normalizadas ao ângulo de incidência a 30°. A área de estudo abrangeu a região oceânica central da Península Antártica durante o inverno e início da primavera austral de 2018. A obtenção das amostras para a classificação das cenas SAR foi efetuada através da análise visual da textura dos alvos em imagens ópticas do Sentinel 2, composições RGB falsa-cor das polarizações HH e HV (R- σHH, G- σHV, B- σHV/ σHH e R- σHH, G- σHH, B- σHV) e classificação não supervisionada por meio da análise de cluster. Foram identificados coeficientes de retroespalhamento (σ) na polarização HH de -8,0 a -12,6 dB para gelo jovem e/ou gelo de primeiro ano, -2,1 a -7,3 dB ao gelo plurianual, e para a polarização HV de -19,3 a -24,2 dB para gelo jovem e/ou gelo de primeiro ano e -6,8 a -13,4 dB ao gelo plurianual. Estes resultados possibilitaram posteriormente no mapeamento da concentração do gelo marinho com o tamanho de janela de 15 x 15 pixels.
INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT APPROACHES AND POLICIES FOR RESOLVING PAPUA CONFLICTS
Authors: Muntaha Payiz Zawahir , Kharisma Virgie Delawillia , Hanita Margareta
Published: June 2020

Papua is a rich and beautiful land, which the wealth of natural resources is enhanced by the expanse of wild forests that are still green, blue sea and white sand beaches completing the beauty of the land of Papua. Nevertheless, Papua's land is always plagued by endless conflicts. Papua conflict is very complicated, the complexity of Papua conflict can be seen from the factors as well as the actors involved. This paper aims to explore the dimensions of the Papua conflict and the strategies undertaken by the Indonesian government to resolve it. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method, with a descriptive explanatory approach.
THE HISTORY OF SUSTAINABILITY AND THE CASE OF THE GLOBAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP SUMMER SCHOOL: AN INCENTIVE TO INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION
Authors: Baade Joel Haroldo , Klaus Cláudio Antônio , Bonin Joel Cezar , Hülse Levi , Dos Santos Adelcio Machado
Published: June 2020

This article seeks to bring a history of sustainability as a concept and to inform about global programs such as the Global Entrepreneurship Summer School about sustainability in a holistic approach to its three dimensions. It also addresses perceptions and results from the networking and international partnerships found throughout the event. It is about addressing the relationship between the events focused on social entrepreneurship and sustainability. This study aims is to share the impact of summer school programs as an incentive for education internationally, including the achievement of the Sustainable Development Education 4: Quality Education. The current work also verifies the incentive for the teaching of skills such as creativity, entrepreneurship, and fundraising in an international manner. From this experience and in the light of the international immersion with the contributions of the other participants and the enhancement promoted by the University of Western Cape. For the development of this work, we first analyze a history of sustainability and its three dimensions. Next, consumerism, blue economy, and social entrepreneurship are briefly discussed, and then the role of the Global Entrepreneurship Summer School is explored and elucidated the types of projects developed within the framework of the program. Finally, we relate the subjects to analyze the impact of such programs to enhance education and teaching.
THE EVENT OF KOLACHIN AND BRITAIN’S POLICY (1858)
Authors: Erdinç Özgür
Published: June 2020

1789 Fransız İhtilali ile yayılan milliyetçilik akımı ve Rusya’nın Panslavizm politikası Osmanlı Devleti’nin hâkimiyetinde bulunan Karadağlıların isyan etmesine sebebiyet vermiştir. Karadağlılar uzun yıllar Osmanlı Devleti’nin hâkimiyeti
altındaydı. Ancak 1683 ve 1711 tarihinde Osmanlı Devleti’ne karşı ayaklanmışlardır. Osmanlı Devleti bu ayaklanmaları bastırmıştır. Fakat 1852’de Prens olan Danilo sonrası ayaklanmalar şiddetlenmiştir. Karadağ Prensi Danilo’nun
teşviki ile Karadağlılar 1852-1853 ve 1857-1859 tarihlerinde Osmanlı Devleti’ne karşı ayaklanmıştır. 1858’de sınırlarını genişletmek isteyen Karadağlılar, çok sayıda Müslüman’ın yaşadığı Kolaşin’e, ani bir baskın düzenlemiştir.
Bu baskın ile haneler yakılmış, kadınlar ve çocuklar esir olarak alınmış ve çok sayıda Müslüman öldürülmüştür. Bu çalışma ile Kolaşin’de neler yaşandığını tespit edilmek istenmiştir. Ayrıca Kolaşin Vakası sonrası İngiltere’nin
Karadağ’a yönelik politikası incelenmiştir. Bu dönemde Rusya’nın yayılmacı politikasına karşın İngiltere, Osmanlı Devleti’nin toprak bütünlüğünü koruma politikasını uygulamaktaydı. Ancak Fransa ve Rusya’nın Karadağ politikasında
ittifak yapması İngiltere’nin ikircikli bir politika izlemesine neden olmuştur. Başlangıçta İngiltere, Karadağ meselesinde Osmanlı Devleti'ne destek vereceğini belirtmiştir. Dönemin İngiltere Başbakanı Lord Derby, Kolaşin Vakası
sonrasında İngiltere’nin Osmanlı Devleti’nin yanında olduğunu belirtmişti. Ancak zaman içerisinde İngiltere'nin Karadağ'a yönelik politikası değişmiştir. İngiltere’nin Karadağ politikasının değişmesinde Dışişleri Bakanı Malmesbury
etkili olmuştur. Bu çalışma İngiltere’nin Kolaşin Vakası sonrası Karadağ’a yönelik politikasını belirleyebilmek için hazırlanmıştır. Çalışmada Osmanlı Arşivi’ndeki belgelerden istifade edilmiştir.
HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF FEMINISM
Authors: AKBAŞ Ferdi
Published: June 2020

Kadın ve erkek eşitliğini savunan ve femine kelimesinden türemiş olan feminizm kavramının tarihi serüveni 18. yüzyılda başlamıştır. Aydınlanma çağı sonrası kadınların erkekler karşısında siyasal, sosyal, ekonomik ve hukuksal alanlarda
daha az hakka sahip olduğu düşüncesi etrafında temellenen feminizm olgusu 19. yüzyılda kadınların söz konusu hakları edinebilmek amacıyla girişmiş oldukları mücadeleler neticesinde ortaya çıkmıştır. Tarihi çağların başladığı ilk
günden bu yana ataerkil bir yapıya sahip olan toplumların mevcut yapısında artık bir değişiklik yapmak ve kadınların da söz ve yetki sahibi olmasını sağlamak amacıyla ortaya çıkan feminizm kavramı ile ilgili kadın durumunu sorgulayan,
çeşitli ve kapsamlı eleştiriler getiren kuramlar geliştirilmiştir. Kadını odak noktasına alan ve kadının durumunun her anlamda daha iyi bir düzeye gelmesi üzerine düşünceler üreten, planlar yapan kuramlar kadına erkekler gibi kimlik
kazandırma çabası içerisinde olmuşlardır. Gerek ulusal gerekse uluslararası arenada farklı görüşteki bireyleri / toplulukları bir araya getirebilen ve ortak bir paydada birleştirebilen feminist kuramlar zaman içerisinde birtakım
değişim / gelişimler yaşamıştır. Bu çalışma kadın kimliğinin toplumsal alandaki yansımaları, feminizm kavramı ile feminist kuramlar tarihi coğrafya perspektifinden analiz edilmiştir.