bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Docking Studies of Methylthiomorpholin Phenols (LQM300 Series) with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE)
Authors: Vázquez-Valadez Víctor H , Abrego V.H , Martínez Pablo A , Torres Gabriela , Zúñiga Oscar , Escutia Daniel , Vilchis Rebeca , Velázquez Ana Ma. , Martínez Luisa , Ruiz Mónica , Camacho Brígida , López-Castañares Rafael , Angeles Enrique
Published: November 2013

A main target in the treatment of hypertension is the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). This enzyme is responsible for producing angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. Therefore, one of the targets in the treatment of hypertension is to inhibit ACE activity. Hence, this study’s aim is to use computational studies to demonstrate that the proposed heterocyclic compounds have a molecular affinity for ACE and that, furthermore, these heterocyclic compounds are capable of inhibiting ACE activity, thus avoiding the production of the vasopressor Angiotensin II. All this using computer-aided drug design, and studying the systems, with the proposed compounds, through molecular recognition process and compared with the compounds already on the market for hypertension.
Staged Subtalar Fusion for Severe Calcaneus Fractures with Bone Loss
Authors: Williams Chad G. , Coffey Michael J. , Shorten Peter , Lyions James D. , Laughlin Richard T.
Published: November 2013

Background:

With high energy fractures to the calcaneus there is the potential for significant bone loss. The loss of bone can make it difficult to fully regain calcaneal alignment. In addition these fractures are often associated with significant soft tissue injury. These two factors make it difficult to address this injury in a single stage, and can have significant complications. To address these issues our initial goal in treatment has been restoration of calcaneal alignment and stabilization of the surrounding soft tissue, followed by delayed/staged subtalar arthrodesis.

Methods:

Patients with calcaneus fractures treated by a single surgeon from 2002 to 2012 were reviewed. Injuries which were found to have medial extrusion of the posterior facet and bone loss, and subsequently underwent a staged protocol involving early provisional fixation and late subtalar fusion were included.

Results:

We treated 6 calcaneus fractures with bone loss. All patients were treated with staged subtalar fusion after initial irrigation and debridement and provisional fixation. No soft-tissue complications were noted after the fusion procedure in any of the six cases. Fusion occurred in all six patients at an average of 20.6 weeks (range, 13-23 weeks). All patients were able to ambulate and wear a regular shoe by one year following the initial injury.

Conclusion:

It is important in the high energy calcaneus fracture to assess for both soft tissue integrity and bone loss. A thorough debridement of both the soft tissues and any devitalized bone should be performed as well as provisional fixation which attempts to restore near normal calcaneal anatomy. Definitive fusion should not be performed until the soft tissues have fully recovered.
How Do Employers React to a Pay-or-Play Mandate? Early Evidence from San Francisco
Authors: Colla Carrie H. , Dow William H. , Dube Arindrajit
Published: November 2013

Erratum to http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1558-9544.1228.
Oxygen decorating at the one ring and at the N-mouth of (10, 0) aluminum nitride nanotube: A DFT investigation
Authors: Seif Ahmad , Torkashavand Lila , Mohammadi Fatemeh
Published: November 2013

We have investigated oxygen decorating in the (10, 0) aluminum nitride nanotube (AlNNT) by density functional theory. Band gaps, total (TDOS) and partial (PDOS) densities of state and chemical-shielding isotropic (CSI) and chemical-shielding anisotropic (CSA) have been calculated or determined in three models of the investigated (10, 0) AlNNT: pristine (model.0), O-decorating at the one ring in the middle of AlNNT (Model.1) and O-decorating at the nitrogen mouth of AlNNT (Model.2). The results indicated that the dipole moment does not detect the significant effects of dopant whereas TDOS, PDOS and band gap energies detect notable effects. The CSI and CSA values for the Al and N atoms-contributed to the Al-O bonds or those atoms close to the decorated region, in both models of O-decorated AlNNTs are changed.
Physical-chemical transformations in the system V2O5/(NH4)2Mo2O7 under hydrothermal conditions
Authors: Khalameida Svitlana , Sydorchuk Volodymyr , Leboda Roman , Skubiszewska-Zięba Jadwiga , Zazhigalov Valery
Published: November 2013

Modified compositions in the system V2O5/(NH4)2Mo2O7 have been prepared by means of mechanochemical, hydrothermal, microwave and ultrasonic treatments in aqueous medium. Chemical and phase transformations occurring on the stages of modification and following calcinations have been studied with the help of XRD, DTA-TG, FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption, and SEM. It has been established that precursors of catalytically active phases possessing meso-macroporous structure have been formed during modification. The comparison of the properties of compositions prepared via different methods has been carried out. Particularly, precursors modified via various procedures possess different morphology.
HSV-2/HIV co-infection, health-related quality of life and identity in women
Authors: Ion Allyson , Greene Saara , MacMillan Harriet , Smieja Marek
Published: November 2013

This qualitative study sought to understand the meaning that women ascribe to living with HIV and symptomatic HSV-2 infections in relationship to their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). HIV affected overall physical and mental HRQoL whereas HSV-2 was an immediate concern experienced on an episodic basis. HSV-2/HIV co-infection was framed as a gendered issue affecting women's abilities to navigate social and sexual relationships and assume social roles. Participants outlined several approaches to overcome their diagnoses and described several social and structural barriers that prevented achieving good HRQoL. HSV-2 is an important medical and psychosocial issue for women living with HIV. Implications for practice and pedagogy are discussed.
Does the sexual self-control model for women apply to undergraduate men?
Authors: Quinn-Nilas Christopher , Kennett Deborah J. , Humphreys Terry P.
Published: November 2013

This study sought to determine whether the variables of the Sexual Self-control Model that predict sexual resourcefulness and consenting to unwanted sexual advances in undergraduate women also apply to undergraduate men. A sample of 124 males completed the Self-Control Schedule that assesses general learned resourcefulness and also the Sexual Resourcefulness Inventory, Sexual Self-Efficacy Scale, Reasons for Consenting to Unwanted Sexual Advances Scale, and Sexual Giving-in Experiences Survey. As hypothesized and paralleling the results for women, higher levels of general learned resourcefulness and sexual self-efficacy, and fewer reasons for consenting to unwanted sexual advances predicted higher levels of sexual resourcefulness in men. Contrary to the previous findings in women, lower sexual resourcefulness was not a unique predictor of consenting to unwanted advances in men. Instead, a mediation model was supported, whereby males having more reasons for consenting to an unwanted sexual activity were more likely to comply despite having higher levels of sexual resourcefulness skills. In addition, men's consenting experiences and sexual resourcefulness skills were observed to be significantly lower than women's. Study limitations and implications for future research are discussed.
What Do We Know about Knowledge Brokers in Paediatric Rehabilitation? A Systematic Search and Narrative Summary
Authors: Schleifer Taylor Jacqueline , Verrier Molly C. , Landry Michel D.
Published: November 2013

Purpose: To conduct a systematic review of the literature related to the use of knowledge brokers within paediatric rehabilitation, and specifically to determine (1) how knowledge brokers are defined and used in paediatric rehabilitation and (2) whether knowledge brokers in paediatric rehabilitation have demonstrably improved the performance of health care providers or organizations. Methods: The MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and AMED databases were systematically searched to identify studies relating to knowledge brokers or knowledge brokering within paediatric rehabilitation, with no restriction on the study design or primary aim. Following review of titles and abstracts, those studies identified as potentially relevant were assessed based on the inclusion criteria that they: (1) examined some aspect of knowledge brokers/brokering in paediatric rehabilitation; (2) included sufficient descriptive detail on how knowledge brokers/brokering were used; and(3) were peer-reviewed and published in English. Results: Of 1513 articles retrieved, 4 met the inclusion criteria, 3 of which referenced the same knowledge broker initiative. Two papers used mixed methods, one qualitative methodology, and one case presentation. Because of the different methods used in the included studies, the findings are presented in a narrative summary. Conclusions: This study provides an overview of the limited understanding of knowledge brokers within paediatric rehabilitation. Knowledge broker initiatives introduced within paediatric rehabilitation have been anchored in different theoretical frameworks, and no conclusions can be drawn as to the optimum combination of knowledge brokering activities and methods, nor about optimal duration, for sustained results.
Towards a Cognitive Theory of Picturebooks
Authors: Kümmerling-Meibauer Bettina , Meibauer Jörg
Published: November 2013

Growing scholarly interest in picturebooks requires a sound theoretical basis. While various seminal approaches to picturebook theory exist, the fundamental relatedness of picturebooks to the cognitive development of children has not been focused so far. In this article, it is argued that a cognitive theory of picturebooks is needed. Picturebooks, prototypically consisting of picture–text relations, are systematically engaged with the child's maturing cognitive abilities. In fact, picturebooks foster these abilities through being used in situations of joint reading and attention. The relatedness of picturebooks to the child's cognitive development is sketched with respect to three types of picturebooks: early-concept books, picturebooks telling stories of lying, and picturebooks displaying maps.
Repeated Childhood Pleasures: Rethinking the Appeal of Series Fiction with Gilles Deleuze
Authors: Newland Jane
Published: November 2013

Studies of series fiction tend to focus on thematic analyses or discussions of well-known and popular series. Critics recognise that repetition is an essential element of series fiction, but typically do not get beyond a psychological perspective of an infantile compulsion to repeat. My aim is to explore repetition beyond such a perspective and seek out a theory of repetition to provide an understanding of the processes at work in series fiction. Drawing on Gilles Deleuze's theory of pure repetition or repetition for itself, this article moves from a conventional analysis of comparative difference to an experience of repetition lying beyond analogy. I then present Deleuze's time of repetition, Aiôn, a highly connectable form of time. I contend that Aiôn provides a basis for understanding time in and of series. This theoretical approach is illustrated through two contemporary French series: Jean-Philippe Arrou-Vignod's P. P. Cul-Vert series and Marie-Aude Murail's Nils Hazard series.
The Adult as Foe or Friend?: Childism in Guus Kuijer's Criticism and Fiction
Authors: Joosen Vanessa
Published: November 2013

Compared to the attention that children's literature scholars have paid to the construction of childhood in children's literature and the role of adults as authors, mediators and readers of children's books, few researchers have made a systematic study of adults as characters in children's books. This article analyses the construction of adulthood in a selection of texts by the Dutch author and Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award winner Guus Kuijer and connects them with Elisabeth Young-Bruehl's recent concept of ‘childism’ – a form of prejudice targeted against children. Whereas Kuijer published a severe critique of adulthood in Het geminachte kind [The despised child] (1980), in his literary works he explores a variety of positions that adults can take towards children, with varying degrees of childist features. Such a systematic and comparative analysis of the way grown-ups are characterised in children's texts helps to shed light on a didactic potential that materialises in different adult subject positions. After all, not only literary and artistic aspects of children's literature may be aimed at the adult reader (as well as the child), but also the didactic aspect of children's books can cross over between different age groups.
At the Heart of the Death Penalty
Authors: Kamuf Peggy
Published: November 2013

Derrida's seminar The Death Penalty is to an important extent taken up with unpacking the significance of the fact (a ‘stupefying fact’, he calls it) that there is in our Western tradition no philosophy as such against the death penalty. This essay follows the seminar into the heart of its engagement with that legacy, where it traces out the condition of its own interested abolitionist stand. This condition is named ‘the heart of the other in me’, which is the pulse of every finitude, every ‘my’ life. It also gives the impulse in this essay to follow the thread of the ‘heart’ across the seminar's readings of Rousseau, Genet, Hugo and Camus.
Les catégorisations de la jeunesse en Europe au regard de l’action publique
Authors: Loncle Patricia , Muniglia Virginie
Published: November 2013

En s’appuyant sur les matériaux recueillis dans le cadre de plusieurs recherches européennes, cet article vise à mettre en évidence les différentes formes de catégorisation de la jeunesse et de définition des problèmes de la jeunesse opérées par l’action publique en Europe en les confrontant aux changements qui ont touché les passages à l’âge adulte ces dernières décennies et aux enjeux d’intégration sociale et politique afférents. Le mouvement d’interpénétration entre théories sociologiques et catégorisations publiques, perceptibles dans la rhétorique des acteurs publics, se traduit cependant difficilement dans les institutions. L’analyse des processus de catégorisation publique de la jeunesse montre les décalages entre les changements qui touchent les transitions vers l’âge adulte et la vision politique de la jeunesse. L’article décrit également les différentes formes d’action publique mises en oeuvre en direction de la jeunesse en exposant comment celles-ci incitent ou non les jeunes à être acteurs de leurs parcours, en fonction des pays considérés mais aussi en fonction des secteurs, et en négligent en fait, bien souvent, l’articulation entre insertion sociale et citoyenneté juvénile.
Les dispositifs d’accompagnement à l’âge adulte des jeunes vulnérables : regards croisés France-Allemagne
Authors: Robin Pierrine , Oehme Andreas
Published: November 2013

Measures to help vulnerable young people into adulthood : France and Germany look at each other.

This article considers the specific measures to help young people with social and family difficulties into adulthood in a comparative approach to France and Germany. By comparing French and German analyses, the aim is to outline the manner in which support measures were developed and the questions now raised about them. The article focuses on the tension of their application between professional discourse and subjective perception by young people of the help they are offered.
Partage des activités parentales : les inégalités perdurent
Authors: Brugeilles Carole , Sebille Pascal
Published: November 2013

Sharing parenting activities : a few years on… and hardly any change.

The division of parenting duties with regard to child care and education lies at the heart of the debates on equality between men and women and the transmission of gendered behaviour. The Survey on family and intergenerational relationships conducted in two waves (in 2005 and 2008) by the French National Institute for Demographic Studies is used to analyse the involvement of mothers and fathers according to the type of task performed (getting the children dressed, helping with their homework, taking them to school, putting them to bed, organising their leisure) as well as how this has changed in recent years. To begin with, the comparative analysis of the two periods makes it possible to draw an overview of the changing patterns of involvement among fathers and mothers, notably via a follow-up of parenting couples throughout the period. Secondly, the reasons for these changes are examined. Women’s gainful employment and its transformations across time appear to be paramount in redefining the division of parenting duties. However, this redefinition is also the outcome of other socio-demographic characteristics pertaining to the family and to the couple.
Les baby-boomers et leurs parents : une analyse des relations intergénérationnelles.
Authors: Clément Céline , Bonvalet Catherine , Ogg Jim
Published: November 2013

À partir de récits de vie réalisés en France et en Angleterre, cet article analyse le réseau familial des baby-boomers en se centrant sur les liens qu’ils maintiennent avec leurs parents. La lecture des entretiens met en lumière plusieurs formes d’investissement des enquêtés vis-à-vis de leurs parents, allant des « impassibles » aux « aidants actifs » . Elle montre également que ces aides peuvent varier en fonction de l’existence de frères et de soeurs, d’un conjoint, et qu’elles s’insèrent dans un système. À ce titre, le rôle primordial des enfants est souligné à travers la garde des petits-enfants. Cela ne signifie pas pour autant une absence d’aides à l’égard des parents, mais ces aides sont différentes selon les membres de la parenté, et elles n’ont pas les mêmes significations (expression d’une norme sociale pour les parents et d’un investissement affectif pour les enfants).
L’entrée dans la vie adulte des filles et fils d’immigrés
Authors: Hamel Christelle , Moguérou Laure , Santelli Emmanuelle
Published: November 2013

Tandis que les disparités sociales et de sexe dans l’expérience du passage à l’âge adulte sont largement investiguées, l’étude des itinéraires des enfants d’immigrés est demeurée peu explorée. L’enquête Trajectoires et Origines, réalisée conjointement par l’Institut national d’études démographiques et l’Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques entre septembre 2008 et février 2009, apporte de nouvelles données permettant de conduire une telle analyse. Concernant les cinq étapes définissant classiquement le passage à l’âge adulte, des différences apparaissent à la fois entre les groupes d’origine et entre les hommes et les femmes. Alors que les descendants d’immigrés portugais connaissent les durées les plus courtes entre la fin des études et l’arrivée du premier enfant, c’est l’inverse pour les fils d’immigrés maghrébins. Quant aux femmes, si elles se montrent plus précoces que les hommes, et ce quelles que soient leurs origines, la transition vers l’âge adulte se révèle plus longue pour les descendantes d’immigrés que pour les femmes de la population majoritaire. Ces parcours différenciés mettent en évidence la manière dont se combinent les contraintes structurelles (âge de fin d’études, diplômes obtenus, accès au premier emploi stable) et les contraintes normatives (accès à une vie autonome hors du logement parental, seul ou en couple, marié ou non) dans le devenir adulte selon les groupes d’origine.
Actualité du droit du logement (avril 2011)
Authors: Kesteman Nadia
Published: November 2013

FRE: Droit au logement, Aides personnelles du logement, Aides à la pierre
L’entrée dans l’âge adulte des jeunes réunionnaises et martiniquaises : la famille comme une «évidence» ?
Authors: Breton Didier
Published: November 2013

Cet article décrit l’évolution au fil des générations des cinq événements biographiques caractérisant la trajectoire d’entrée dans la vie adulte des femmes natives de deux départements d’outre-mer : la sortie du système scolaire, la décohabitation parentale, la première mise en couple, la première naissance et le premier emploi. Après une étude de chacun des événements pris séparément, l’étude montre les combinaisons des différents événements familiaux avant et après la sortie du système scolaire selon le niveau d’études atteint. Les résultats mettent en évidence deux modèles différents, notamment chez les moins diplômées. Les contrastes tiennent notamment à la place des unions dans les trajectoires des jeunes femmes devenant mères (monoparentalité plus prégnante en Martinique qu’en Guadeloupe). Les résultats sont issus de l’exploitation de l’enquête Migrations, Famille et Vieillissement – enquête inédite, réalisée simultanément dans les quatre départements d’outre-mer – dont l’ambition est la connaissance et la compréhension des enjeux de cohésion sociale de ces territoires à travers le prisme des trajectoires individuelles de seize mille hommes et femmes interrogés entre fin 2009 et début 2010.
RSA versus RSTA : le dilemme entre trappe à pauvreté et trappe à inactivité
Authors: Donné Stéphane , Thibault Florence
Published: November 2013

Entré en vigueur le 1er janvier 2011 dans les départements d’outre-mer (DOM), le revenu de solidarité active (RSA) se substitue, comme en métropole, au revenu minimum d’insertion et à l’allocation de parent isolé. Il remplace également le revenu de soutien temporaire à l’activité (RSTA) mis en place dans les DOM en 2009. L’article se propose de comparer le RSA et le RSTA. Ces deux prestations diffèrent en termes de mécanisme. Le RSTA est une aide individuelle modulée selon le temps de travail et dépendant uniquement du montant des revenus d’activité, tandis que le montant de RSA varie selon la configuration familiale et l’ensemble des ressources du foyer. Plus fondamentalement, le RSA et le RSTA proposent deux réponses différentes à la difficile conciliation des logiques d’incitation à l’emploi et de lutte contre la pauvreté dans un même dispositif. En outre, les deux prestations ne conduisent pas au même revenu disponible. Une approche par cas types montre que le remplacement du RSTA par le RSA conduit à des situations contrastées parmi les personnes isolées et les couples biactifs : gains pour les foyers les plus modestes et pertes pour les autres. Une estimation globale à partir de données de l’Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques montrerait que la mise en place du RSA serait moins coûteuse que celle du RSTA.
La phobie et le réel du père
Authors: Canellopoulos Lissy
Published: November 2013

À partir du fragment de l’analyse d’une jeune femme, l’article met en valeur la dimension signifiante de la phobie comme symptôme et sa place particulière dans l’économie subjective. Il tente de relier la phobie à une défaillance du signifiant du père réel à laquelle vient suppléer l’objet phobique. Le symptôme phobique se présente comme un appel au père réel.
« Dis maman, comment on fait les garçons ? »
Authors: Sauvêtre Julie
Published: November 2013

Dans la société actuelle, nous sommes amenés à recevoir en consultation de plus en plus de familles de configurations variées : familles nucléaires, séparées, recomposées, monoparentales, homoparentales... au sein desquelles chaque membre, parent, enfant, doit trouver sa place. Dans chacune de ces familles se pose souvent la question de l’articulation entre la conjugalité et la parentalité, ce qui vient mettre au travail la question des origines, prégnante dans le développement de l’enfant. Au travers d’un cas clinique retraçant l’histoire d’un petit garçon de 5 ans et de sa maman homosexuelle, nous verrons comment il peut être difficile pour le parent d’aborder une conjugalité complexe dans l’histoire de l’enfant et comment, lorsque cette question des origines reste confuse, peuvent s’instaurer des difficultés de construction identitaire chez l’enfant.
Des usages de l'Antiquité dans l'histoire
Authors: Hartog François
Published: November 2013

Le passé antique a souvent participé à la définition d’identités nationales ou politiques. Ainsi, l’Allemagne du xix e siècle fait de la Grèce son modèle, et de la philologie sa discipline reine. En France, c’est l’héritage latin qui prédomine, et l’on cherche chez les « classiques » une vérité et une beauté immuables. La Grèce archaïque, elle, émerge à une époque où vacille la confiance dans le régime moderne d’historicité.
Le rêve grec de la philosophie allemande
Authors: Taminiaux Jacques , Fœssel Michaël
Published: November 2013

Hegel, Heidegger, Arendt : les philosophes allemands se sont souvent appuyés sur la Grèce, comme idéal et comme modèle. Cependant, la vision d’un « monde grec » homogène est largement illusoire, et remet en avant une perspective métaphysique.
L’Université de tous les savoirs à l’heure de Wikipédia, de Youtube et des Mooc s
Authors: Michaud Yves
Published: November 2013

Le projet de l’Université de tous les savoirs, lancé en 2000, prend fin aujourd’hui, du moins dans sa forme actuelle. Yves Michaud explique comment la diffusion massive des savoirs en ligne a changé la donne, et analyse l’avenir de l’esprit généraliste face à l’abondance des contenus disponibles et à la difficulté à « faire le tri ».
La pathologie de la norme : la troublante analyse de Woodrow Wilson par Freud
Authors: Stafford Mark
Published: November 2013

L’ouvrage Le Président Thomas Woodrow Wilson – Portrait psychologique est l’œuvre conjointe de Sigmund Freud et du diplomate et écrivain américain William C. Bullitt. L’analyse de la personnalité de Wilson par Freud s’apparente à une œuvre de fiction et transgresse la plupart des limites de l’interprétation que, selon Freud, un psychanalyste devrait respecter. L’ouvrage a été publié de manière posthume en 1967. Devant leur embarras, né du contenu de l’ouvrage et de la nature de la collaboration entre Freud et Bullitt, Anna Freud et Kurt Eissler se sont assurés qu’il ne serait pas réimprimé. Cependant, au-delà des erreurs et des divagations, nous avons trouvé dans cet ouvrage des développements remarquables, révélateurs de la réflexion de Freud sur l’influence conjointe du surmoi et de la pulsion de mort.
Rapport au savoir, besoin de croire et illusions de certitudes
Authors: Hatchuel Françoise
Published: November 2013

À travers une analyse des ancrages psychiques de la croyance et de la quête de savoir, l’article montre comment la croyance, première, est ce qui ancre l’enfant dans son sentiment d’exister, et comment son « écroulement » va déclencher la quête de savoir. La notion de « points de certitude symboliques » (Piera Aulagnier), c’est-à-dire d’éléments certains parce que garantis comme tels par la société, permet ensuite de regarder comment, dans les sociétés dites « traditionnelles », l’insertion des sujets est fiabilisée par le collectif, à travers notamment l’institution de la filiation et le passage ritualisé à l’âge adulte, alors que dans nos sociétés hypermodernes, la perte de cette garantie pousse le sujet à une recherche de « preuves » à réitérer en permanence. L’illusion scientiste ainsi entretenue entraîne une fragilisation des sujets et un renforcement des risques d’emprise.
Subordination croyante et autonomie du sujet chez les entrepreneurs et dirigeants chrétiens
Authors: de Brémond d’Ars Nicolas
Published: November 2013

À partir de la figure de l’adhérent au mouvement français des Entrepreneurs et dirigeants chrétiens ( edc ), l’article pose la question du conflit potentiel de souveraineté entre le domaine religieux et le domaine économique. D’une part, l’individu croyant que la vocation d’entrepreneur pousse à l’autonomie de décision ; d’autre part le fidèle censé suivre les enseignements doctrinaux (et éthiques) de l’organisation religieuse. Subordination et autonomie sont l’enjeu du débat. À partir du milieu des années 1980, les edc élaborent une pratique du témoignage qui distend les contraintes et ouvre un espace de conciliation. L’entrepreneur chrétien est invité à construire un récit-de-soi qui se projette sur l’horizon d’attente de l’ensemble des croyants. Ainsi, l’économique et ses contraintes relèvent du maintenant, tandis que le croire se positionne comme chemin vers l’horizon. Double allégeance et conflit éthique sont désamorcés par le recours à la temporalité de l’expérience. La subordination disparaît.
Towards a Bio-Inspired Theoretical Linguistics to Model Man-Machine Communication
Authors: Bel-Enguix Gemma , Jiménez-López M. Dolores
Published: November 2013

The paper provides an overview of what could be a new biological-inspired linguistics. The authors discuss some reasons for attempting a more natural description of natural language, lying on new theories of molecular biology and their formalization within the area of theoretical computer science. The authors especially explore three bio-inspired models of computation –DNA computing, membrane computing and networks of evolutionary processors (NEPs) – and their possibilities for achieving a simpler, more natural, and mathematically consistent theoretical linguistics.
Application of Particle Swarm Optimization in Design of PID Controller for AVR System
Authors: Abu-Seada H. F. , Mansor W. M. , Bendary F. M. , Emery A. A. , Hassan M. A. Moustafa
Published: November 2013

This paper presents a method to get the optimal tuning of Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller parameters for an AVR system of a synchronous generator using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The AVR is not initially robust to variations of the power system parameters. Therefore, it was necessary to use PID controller to increase the stability margin and to improve performance of the system. Fast tuning of optimum (PID) controller parameter yield high quality solution. New criteria for time domain performance evaluation was defined. Simulation for comparison between the proposed method and Ziegler-Nichols method is done. The proposed method was indeed more efficient also. The terminal voltage step response for AVR model will be discussed in different cases and the effect of adding rate feed back stabilizer to the model on the terminal voltage response. Then the rate feedback will be compared with the proposed PID controller based on use of (PSO) method to find its coefficients. Different simulation results are presented and discussed.
A System Dynamics Approach to Quantitatively Analyze the Effects of Mobile Broadband Ecosystem’s Variables on Demands and Allocation of Wireless Spectrum for the Cellular Industry
Authors: Thakker Rikin , Eveleigh Timothy , Holzer Thomas , Sarkani Shahryar
Published: November 2013

Radio spectrum is an encumbered and finite resource. Perception of radio spectrum scarcity has been linked, sometimes linearly, to the higher demand of mobile data services and the greater market penetration of mobile broadband devices. Cellular operators worldwide have been asking to allocate more spectrum to support this demand. To validate the “spectrum scarcity” notion, various elements of the wireless ecosystem, including network infrastructure, spectral efficiency of mobile technologies, and data offloading via unlicensed spectrum need to be appraised; and their effects on “spectrum utilization” need to be understood. Research presented here takes a system dynamics approach to study dynamic behaviour among these elements and their effects on usage of spectrum through sensitivity analysis. A stock-and-flow model-based simulation is employed for hypotheses testing to justify the need for more spectrum. Simulation results show that mobile data demand can exceed the current capacity of cellular networks causing a spectrum deficit if apt planning of spectrum policies and appropriate infrastructure investment are delayed.
Performance Study of a New CSMA/CA Access Method with QoS Based on 802.11b and Comparison with 802.15.4/ZigBee
Authors: Charfi Faiza , Labidi Walid , Thiriet J. Marc
Published: November 2013

Wireless Network Controlled Systems (WNCSs) are a new area of research which concerns the implementation of control strategy over wireless networks. Therefore, many potential applications of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) span a wide spectrum in various domains. The dependability of the WNCSs becomes a strong requirement due to real-time requirements of control. The Quality of Control (QoC) is performed through optimally allocating the network resources to ensure the Quality of Service (QoS) and optimally designing controller to compensate for time delays in the control feedback loop. The IEEE 802.11b standard is a really widespread wireless network. However, some QoS properties are missing, compared to more specific protocols, such as 802.15.4. In this paper, the authors present the implementation of an extended model of the IEEE 802.11b standard in order to add more QoS properties through the use of CSMA/CA with the combination of the frame selection sort and the First Come First Served (FCFS) scheduling methods. The control performances of the new model are compared to those of IEEE 802.15.4 with QoS. Several improvements are achieved including a reduction in the number of collisions and priority-based flow control.
Thrombin-Induced CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein β Activation and IL-8/CXCL8 Expression via MEKK1, ERK, and p90 Ribosomal S6 Kinase 1 in Lung Epithelial Cells
Authors: Lin Chien-Huang , Nai Po-Ling , Bien Mauo-Ying , Yu Chung-Chi , Chen Bing-Chang
Published: November 2013

Thrombin, a serine protease, is a well-known coagulation factor generated during vascular injury and plays an important role in lung inflammation. We previously showed that the c-Src– and Rac/PI3K/Akt-dependent NF-κB pathways are involved in thrombin-induced IL-8/CXCL8 expression in human lung epithelial cells (A549). In this study, we investigated the role of the MEK kinase (MEKK)1/ERK/p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK)1–dependent C/EBPβ signaling pathway in thrombin-induced IL-8/CXCL8 expression. Thrombin-induced IL-8/CXCL8 release and IL-8/CXCL8-luciferase activity were attenuated by small interfering RNA (siRNA) of C/EBPβ and by cells transfected with the C/EBPβ site mutation of the IL-8/CXCL8 construct. Moreover, thrombin-induced κB-luciferase activity was also inhibited by C/EBPβ siRNA. The thrombin-induced increases in IL-8/CXCL8 release and IL-8/CXCL8-luciferase were also inhibited by MEKK1 siRNA, PD98059 (an MEK inhibitor), U0126 (an ERK inhibitor), and RSK1 siRNA. Treatment of cells with thrombin caused an increase in C/EBPβ phosphorylation at Thr235, C/EBPβ-luciferase activity, recruitment of C/EBPβ to the IL-8/CXCL8 promoter, and C/EBPβ-specific DNA complex formation. Furthermore, thrombin-mediated C/EBPβ phosphorylation and C/EBPβ-luciferase activity were inhibited by MEKK1 siRNA, PD98059, and RSK1 siRNA. Stimulation of cells with thrombin resulted in an increase in RSK1 phosphorylation at Thr359/Ser363, and this effect was inhibited by MEKK1 siRNA and PD98059. The thrombin-induced increase in ERK activation was inhibited by MEKK1 siRNA. These results imply that thrombin activates the MEKK1/ERK/RSK1 signaling pathway, which in turn initiates C/EBPβ activation, recruitment of C/EBPβ to the IL-8/CXCL8 promoter, and C/EBPβ-specific DNA complex formation, and ultimately induces IL-8/CXCL8 expression and release in lung epithelial cells.
T Lymphocyte–Dependent and –Independent Regulation of Cxcl8 Expression in Zebrafish Intestines
Authors: Brugman Sylvia , Witte Merlijn , Scholman Rianne C. , Klein Mark R. , Boes Marianne , Nieuwenhuis Edward E. S.
Published: November 2013

CXCL8 is a potent neutrophil recruiting chemokine. CXCL8 is produced by several innate immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, as well as epithelial cells. Although previously considered only to be produced as a result of TLR signaling in these cells, recent reports show that T cell–derived cytokines also induce CXCL8 in epithelial cells. Likewise, we observed that T cell inhibition diminished intestinal production of functional mouse homologs of CXCL8 in the early phase of enterocolitis. In this study, we specifically investigated whether adaptive cells contribute to innate cxcl8 expression in the intestines. To this end, we used the zebrafish as our model system. Unlike murine models that lack CXCL8, zebrafish have two CXCL8 chemokines that are both elevated after an acute inflammatory stimulus and recruit neutrophils. Furthermore, zebrafish develop innate and adaptive immunity sequentially, enabling analysis of intestinal cxcl8 expression in the absence (<3 wk of age) and presence (>3 wk of age) of adaptive immunity. In this study, we show that intestinal cxcl8-l1 but not cxcl8-l2 expression is regulated by T lymphocytes under homeostatic conditions. In contrast, during intestinal inflammation especially, cxcl8-l1 expression is upregulated independent of T lymphocyte presence. Furthermore, we show that human CXCL8 is able to induce intestinal zebrafish neutrophil recruitment and cxcl8-l1 expression, demonstrating that zebrafish can be used as a model to study CXCL8 function and regulation. In conclusion, these data provide evidence that Cxcl8-l1 and Cxcl8-l2 are differentially regulated via T lymphocyte–dependent and –independent mechanisms during homeostasis and inflammation.
Investigation of the Electrochemical Mechanisms for Acetic Acid Corrosion of Mild Steel
Authors: Tran Thu , Brown Bruce , Nešić Srdjan , Tribollet Bernard
Published: November 2013

Acetic acid (CH3COOH) is recognized as an important factor in mild steel corrosion. Similar to carbonic acid (H2CO3) present in carbon dioxide (CO2)-saturated aqueous environments, acetic acid is a weak acid, which partially dissociates with the equilibrium being a function of pH and the solution temperature. Stronger than carbonic acid (pKa 4.76 vs. 6.35 at 25°C), acetic acid is the main source of hydrogen ions when the concentration of each acid is the same. Based on many different studies, it is agreed that acetic acid enhances the corrosion rate of mild steel by accelerating the rate of the cathodic (reduction) reaction. However, the electrochemical mechanism of acetic acid reduction at the metal surface is still being debated. One possibility is for the undissociated acetic acid to provide additional hydrogen ions by dissociation near the metal surface. In that case the main cathodic reduction is hydrogen ion reduction, and this mechanism is commonly referred to as a “buffering effect.” If, in addition to this pathway for hydrogen evolution, there is a reduction of the adsorbed undissociated acetic acid at the metal surface, the mechanism is known as “direct reduction.” In the present study, electrochemical techniques were used to investigate the effect of acetic acid on the cathodic reaction mechanism. It was found that the presence of acetic acid affects only the overall cathodic limiting current, but had no significant effect on the cathodic charge-transfer current. The latter was found to respond only to a change of pH. It was therefore concluded that the buffering effect mechanism is correct.
Trends in new particle formation in Eastern Lapland, Finland: effect of decreasing sulphur emissions from Kola Peninsula
Authors: Kyrö E.-M. , Väänänen R. , Kerminen V.-M. , Virkkula A. , Petäjä T. , Asmi A. , Dal Maso M. , Nieminen T. , Juhola S. , Shcherbinin A. , Riipinen I. , Lehtipalo K. , Keronen P. , Aalto P. P. , Hari P. , Kulmala M.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. The smelter industry in Kola Peninsula is the largest source of anthropogenic SO2 in the Arctic part of Eurasia and one of the largest within the Arctic domain. Due to socio-economic changes in Russia the emissions have been decreasing especially since the late 1990s resulting in decreased SO2 concentrations close to Kola in Eastern Lapland, Finland. At the same time, the frequency of new particle formation days has been decreasing distinctively at SMEAR I station in Eastern Lapland, especially during spring and autumn. We show that sulphur species, namely sulphur dioxide and sulphuric acid, have an important role in both new particle formation and subsequent growth and that the decrease in new particle formation days is a result of the reduction of sulphur emissions originating from Kola Peninsula. In addition to sulphur species, there are many other quantities, such as formation rate or aerosol particles, condensation sink and nucleation mode particle number concentration, which are related to the number of observed new particle formation (NPF) days and need to be addressed when linking sulphur emissions and NPF. We show that while most of these quantities exhibit statistically significant trends, the reduction in Kola sulphur emissions is the most obvious reason for the rapid decline in NPF days. Sulphuric acid explains approximately 20–50% of the aerosol condensational growth observed at SMEAR I and there is a large seasonal variation with highest values obtained during spring and autumn. We found that (i) particles form earlier after sunrise during late winter and early spring due to high concentrations of SO2 and H2SO4, (ii) several events occurred during the absence of light and they were connected to higher than average concentrations of SO2 and (iii) high SO2 concentrations could advance the onset of nucleation by several hours. Moreover, air masses coming over Kola Peninsula seemed to favour new particle formation.
Towards an automatic lidar cirrus cloud retrieval for climate studies
Authors: Larroza E. G. , Nakaema W. M. , Bourayou R. , Hoareau C. , Landulfo E. , Keckhut P.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. This paper presents a methodology to calculate lidar ratios for distinct cirrus clouds that has been developed and implemented for a site located in the Southern Hemisphere. The cirrus cloud lidar data processing aims to consider a large cloud variability and cirrus cloud monitoring through a robust retrieval process. Among cirrus features estimates for complex scenes that lidar systems can provide, we highlight cloud geometrical information and extinction-to-backscatter ratio (known as lidar ratio or LR). In general, direct information on cirrus cloud microphysics is difficult to derive because LR depends on the presence of ice crystals and their properties such as shape, size, composition and orientation of particles. An iterative process to derive a stable LR value has been proposed. One of the keys is to restrict the analysis to conditions allowing accurate multilayer events. This method uses nonparametric statistical approaches to identify stationary periods according to cloud features and variability. Measurements performed in the region of the metropolitan city of São Paulo (MSP) have been used to implement and test the methodology developed for cirrus cloud characterization. Good results are represented by examining specific cases with multilayer cirrus cloud occurrence. In addition to the geometrical parameters obtained, cirrus LR values were calculated for a single day ranging from 19 ± 01 sr to 74 ± 13 sr for 2 observed layers. This large difference in LR can indicate a mixture of ice crystal particles with different sizes and shapes in both layers of the cirrus clouds. Trajectory analyses indicate that both of these cloud layers can be associated with different air mass and should be considered as 2 distinct clouds in climatology.
Short-term post-mortality scavenging and longer term recovery after anoxia in the northern Adriatic Sea
Authors: Blasnig M. , Riedel B. , Schiemer L. , Zuschin M. , Stachowitsch M.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. The northern Adriatic Sea is one of nearly 500 areas worldwide suffering widespread mortalities due to anoxia. The present study documents post-anoxia macrofauna dynamics after experimentally inducing small-scale anoxia in 24 m depth (2 plots, each 50 cm × 50 cm). Time-lapse camera deployments examined short-term scavenging of the moribund and dead organisms (multi-species clumps consisting of sponges and ascidians) over two 3-day periods (August 2009: 71.5 h, September 2009: 67.5 h). Longer term recovery (days to 2 yr) in the same two plots was examined with an independent photo series. Scavengers arrived quickly and in a distinct sequence: demersal (Gobius niger, Serranus hepatus) and benthopelagic fishes (Diplodus vulgaris, Pagellus erythrinus), followed by hermit crabs (Paguristes eremita, showing a clear day/night rhythm in presence) and gastropods (Hexaplex trunculus). This sequence is attributed to the relative speeds and densities of the organisms. The sessile fauna was largely removed or consumed within seven (August plot) and 13 (September plot) days after anoxia, confirming our first hypothesis that decaying organisms are quickly utilised. The scavengers remained in dense aggregations (e.g. up to 33 P. eremita individuals at one time) as long as dead organisms were available. No recovery of sessile macroepibenthos macroepibenthos occurred in the experimental plots one and two years after anoxia, undermining our second hypothesis that small denuded areas are more rapidly recolonised. This study underlines the sensitivity of this soft-bottom community and supports calls for reducing additional anthropogenic disturbances such as fishing practices that further impede recolonisation and threaten benthic community structure and function over the long term.
Nitrous oxide emissions from maize-wheat field during four successive years in the North China Plain
Authors: Zhang Y. , Mu Y. , Zhou Y. , Liu J. , Zhang C.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Agricultural soil with fertilization is a main anthropogenic source for atmospheric N2O. N2O fluxes from a maize-wheat field in the North China Plain (NCP) were investigated for four successive years using static chamber method. The annual N2O fluxes from control (without fertilization) and fertilization plots were 1.5 ± 0.2 and 9.4 ± 1.7 kg N ha−1 yr−1 in 2008–2009, 2.0 ± 0.01 and 4.0 ± 0.03 kg N ha−1 yr−1 in 2009–2010, 1.3 ± 0.02 and 5.0 ± 0.3kg N ha−1 yr−1 in 2010–2011, and 2.7 ± 0.6 and 12.5 ± 0.1 kg N ha−1 yr−1 in 2011–2012, respectively. Fertilizer-induced emission factors (EFs) in the corresponding years were 2.4, 0.60, 1.1 and 2.9%, respectively. Significant linear correlation between fertilized-induced N2O emission (Y, kg N ha−1 yr−1) and rainfall 4 day before and 10 days after fertilization (X, mm) was found as Y = 0.04767X − 1.06453 (N = 4, R2 = 0.99241, P = 0.00253). Therefore, the remarkable interannual variations of N2O emissions and the EFs from the agricultural field were mainly ascribed to the rainfall. The total N2O emission from the agricultural field in the NCP was estimated to be 144 Gg N yr−1 based on the average flux derived from the measurements of four years, and the fertilizer-induced N2O emission accounted for about 76% (110 Gg N yr−1) of total emission.