bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stressbezogene Einflüsse körperlicher Beschwerden für den Schweregrad einer Depression bei jungen Mädchen
Authors: Laessle Reinhold , Schmidt Ulrike
Published: June 2022

Ausgehend von bisherigen empirischen Befunden und theoretischen Vorstellungen zur Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung von Depressionen bei Adoleszenten wurde in der vorliegenden Studie geprüft, inwieweit sich junge Mädchen mit einer Depression bezüglich stressbezogener Faktoren auf psychologischer und körperlicher Ebene von einer gesunden Kontrollgruppe unterscheiden. Es wurden 148 Mädchen mit einem mittleren Alter von 15 Jahren untersucht. Der Ausprägungsgrad der depressiven Symptome wurde zu zwei Messzeitpunkten, zwischen denen ein Zeitintervall von 6 Monaten lag, gemessen. 74 erfüllten zum ersten Messzeitpunkt die DSM-IV-Kriterien für eine Major-Depression. Die Stressbelastung und die Stressverarbeitung sowie körperliche Beschwerden wurden mit dem SSKJ 3–8 und dem SVFKJ sowie dem GBB gemessen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die depressiven Mädchen eine höhere Stressbelastung auf psychologischer und auf körperlicher Ebene aufweisen und darüber hinaus sehr viel empfindlicher gegenüber Stress waren. Dem gegenüber standen die Anwendung destruktiver Strategien zur Stressverarbeitung wie zum Beispiel Aggressivität und der fehlende Gebrauch konstruktiver Verhaltensweisen wie zum Beispiel Problemlösen oder die Suche nach sozialer Unterstützung. Körperliche Beschwerden wie Gliederschmerzen und Kreislaufprobleme hatten einen signifikanten Einfluss auf den Schweregrad der Depression 6 Monate später. Die Ergebnisse können gut in das kognitive Modell von Beck eingeordnet werden.
Moderne perioperative Versorgungskonzepte in der Thoraxchirurgie:
Enhanced Recovery After Thoracic Surgery (ERATS)
Authors: Piler Tomas , Creutzenberg Marcus , Hofmann Hans-Stefan , Ried Michael
Published: June 2022

Bei den modernen perioperativen Versorgungskonzepten ermöglicht das multimodale ERAS (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery) eine Verbesserung der postoperativen Rekonvaleszenz von chirurgischen
Patienten nach einem operativen Eingriff. Es wird durch die sog. ERAS-Society geleitet und Kliniken können sich offiziell zertifizieren lassen. Der Schwerpunkt des ERAS-Konzepts liegt in einer
einheitlichen Betreuung des Patienten bereits vor der Aufnahme bis zur Entlassung mit dem Ziel einer Verbesserung der perioperativen Abläufe durch Implementierung von evidenzbasierten
Protokollen unter Beteiligung eines multidisziplinären Behandlungsteams. Im Jahr 2019 erschienen erstmalig ERAS-Guidelines der europäischen Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie (ESTS = European
Society of Thoracic Surgery) in Kooperation mit der ERAS-Society speziell für lungenresezierende Eingriffe, welche insgesamt 45 Empfehlungen bzw. Enhanced Recovery Pathways (ERP)
unterschiedlicher Graduierung definierten. Durch die Implementierung von ERAS-Konzepten in der Thoraxchirurgie (ERATS = Enhanced Recovery After Thoracic Surgery) sollen standardisierte
perioperative Abläufe basierend auf Studienergebnissen und/oder Expertenempfehlungen etabliert werden. Diese Empfehlungen berücksichtigen neben organisatorischen Aspekten vor allem
thoraxchirurgische und anästhesiologische Vorgehensweisen mit dem übergeordneten Ziel, einen strukturierten, auf den Patienten zugeschnittenen Behandlungsplan zu erstellen. Durch all diese
Maßnahmen soll ein multimodales Gesamtkonzept entstehen, das primär zu einem verbesserten Outcome nach elektiven lungenresezierenden Eingriffen und sekundär zu kürzeren
Krankenhausaufenthaltsdauern mit entsprechend geringen Kosten führen soll.

Ziele dieses Übersichtsartikels sind neben der Beschreibung grundlegender ERAS-Prinzipien vor allem die kompakte Darstellung der aus Sicht der Autoren wichtigsten europäischen
ERAS-Empfehlungen für lungenresezierende Operationen sowie deren Anwendung bzw. Umsetzung in der deutschen Thoraxchirurgie.
Serum Metabolomic Signature Predicts Ovarian Response to Controlled Stimulation
Authors: Mu Xin , Pei Mei-li , Zhu Feng , Shi Juan Zi , Liu Peijun
Published: June 2022

In in vitro fertilization (IVF), it is meaningful to find novel biomarkers predicting ovarian response in advance. The aim of the study was to identify serum metabolomics predicting ovarian response after controlled ovarian stimulation (COS). Blood samples collected at the start of pituitary downregulation and on the fifth day after COS using Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods were analyzed to quantify metabolites. Demographic data were calculated with SPSS version 22.0 software. Multivariate statistics were used to analyze metabolomics dataset. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic model. Analyses revealed 50 different metabolomics between the pre- and post-COS groups. Compared with baseline, amino acids increased significantly following COS. At baseline, acetylglycine was more abundant in FOI<1 group, while glycine and lipids increased in FOI≥1 group. After COS, glycine, N-acetyl-L-alanine, D-alanine, and 2-aminomuconic acid were higher in those with FOI≥1, but L-glutamine was abundant in FOI<1. ROC curves indicated that combination of glycine, acetylglycine, and lipids predicts different responses to COS (AUC=0.866). Serum metabolism might reflect the response to ovarian stimulation. Higher glycine and PC may be a good predictor for response to COS.
Etiology and Outcome of Seizures in Children during Induction Remission Chemotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia
Authors: Soma Shahinoor A. , Jamal Chowdhury Y. , Chowdhury Indira
Published: June 2022

Seizure is one of the most frequent neurological complication and morbid phenomenon among children receiving chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. As overall survival of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia is improving, now the challenge is to reduce treatment-related adverse effect. However, not much is known about the etiology and natural history of these seizure in our pediatric population. This is a single centered study conducted in the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. This prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 1 year from May 2017 to April 2018. A total of 105 patients aged 1 year to 17.9 years newly diagnosed as acute lymphoblastic leukemia were the study population. This study showed that in five (33.3%) patients, the underlying cause was suspected intracranial hemorrhage and it was the most common cause. All these five patients had features of severe sepsis and upper motor neuron sign associated with severe thrombocytopenia. Among them three had coagulopathy. Three (20%) patients had CNS leukemic infiltration. Suspected meningitis was attributed as the possible cause of seizure in two (13.33%) patients. Other identifiable causes were brain abscess in one patient, multiple cerebral infarction in one patient, hypertensive encephalopathy in one patient, and vincristine-induced neurotoxicity in one patient. In one patient no identifiable cause was found. Among 15 patients with seizure five (33.3%) patients were improved and completed induction remission chemotherapy. Ten (66.7%) patients died. In this study, we found sepsis and coagulopathy as the major underlying cause of seizure. Outcome was found very dismal in patients who developed seizure.
Comparative Study of Laparoscopic and Open Pyelolithotomy in the Management of Large Renal Pelvic Stones
Authors: Hassan Yaqoob , Rather Ajaz Ahmad , Bashir Arshad , Wani Ishfaq Ahmad , Rasool Humayoon
Published: June 2022

Background Large renal pelvic stones can be effectively managed with laparoscopic pyelolithotomy. The aim of this study was to compare the surgical outcomes of laparoscopic pyelolithotomy versus open surgery for the treatment of large renal pelvic stones.

Materials and Methods This prospective comparative study was performed at the Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Medical College and Hospital over a period of 8 years. Using computer-generated random numbers, the patients were randomized into two groups: group A received laparoscopic pyelolithotomy, while group B had open pyelolithotomy. The data was collected and analyzed using SPSS software 22.

Results Among 74 patients who met the inclusion criteria, the mean age was 39.18 years with 66.21% being males and a male:female ratio of 1.96. Forty-one (55.41%) patients had open surgery and 33 (44.59%) had laparoscopic pyelolithotomy. The difference in mean operative time of laparoscopy (117.66 minutes) and open (78.13 minutes) surgery was statistically significant (p = 0.05). The mean blood loss was significantly lower in the laparoscopic pyelolithotomy group (62.12 mL) than in the open group (92.07 mL) (p = 0.009). The difference in mean hospital stay between the open and laparoscopic groups was significant (p = 0.02). In both laparoscopy and open surgery, we observed a 100% stone-free rate at the end of 1 month. None of our patients expired during the study period.

Conclusion Laparoscopic pyelolithotomy is a promising alternative to traditional open and other endourological techniques, with encouraging results. Despite its technical difficulty, it yields high stone-free rates and low postoperative morbidity.
Outcomes of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients in Response to Taxane and Nontaxane-Based Neoadjuvant Chemotherapies
Authors: Khan Mohsin , Alam Zarmina , Siddiqui Shahid Ali , Akram Mohd , Alam Mohd Shadab
Published: June 2022

Introduction Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is the standard of care for locally advanced breast cancer. The achievement of pathological complete response (pCR) in response to NAC is of clinical significance as it correlates with improved long-term outcome. pCR rate varies with different chemotherapeutic agents and a higher rate may be associated with higher treatment cost and more toxicity.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has poorer prognosis than non-TNBC (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and/or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expressing tumors), but patients achieving pCR may have similar outcome. We evaluated the response of TNBC after taxane and nontaxane-based NAC and its correlation with survival outcome.

Materials and Methods This was a retrospective study comparing the efficacy of “taxotere, Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide TAC” versus “cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, 5-fluorouracil/cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, 5-fluorouracil (CEF/CAF)” NAC regimens in patients with locally advanced TNBC. The efficacy and safety of both the regimens were compared. Overall and disease-free survival were analyzed.

Results Two-hundred and forty-nine eligible patients were included and divided into two groups: taxane group receiving “TAC” regimen (123 patients) and nontaxane group receiving “CEF/CAF” regimen (126 patients). A higher pCR rate was achieved with taxane compared with nontaxane NAC (28 vs. 12%) (p = 0.0001). Although taxane addition did not lead to survival advantage for the entire group, significantly better survival rates were achieved for patients who had pCR compared with similar subgroup of patients in nontaxane group. Both the NAC regimens were well tolerable.

Conclusion Taxane-based NAC was although costlier than anthracycline-based regimen but was more effective, resulting in a higher pCR rate and an improved survival outcome in patients who achieved pCR.
Tunable quantum logic gate on photonic qubits with a ladder emitter
Authors: Wang Derek S. , Dai David D. , Narang Prineha
Published: June 2022

We describe how a ladder emitter can implement a tunable quantum logic gate on photonic qubits encoded in the frequency basis. The ground-to-first excited state of the ladder emitter interacts with the control photon, and the first-to-second excited state transition interacts with the target photon. By controlling the relative detuning between the target photon and the first-to-second excited state transition of the ladder emitter, we enable any controlled-phase operation from 0 to π. We derive analytical formulas for the performance of the gate through the S-matrix formalism as well as describe the mechanism intuitively. This gate is deterministic, does not utilize any active control, and needs only a single ladder emitter, enabling low-footprint and more efficient decomposition of quantum circuits, especially the quantum Fourier transform. We suggest multiple potential systems for physical realization of our proposal, such as lanthanide ions embedded in Purcell-enhanced cavities. We expect these results to motivate further interest in photonic quantum information processing with designer emitters.
Time-of-flight mass spectrometry diagnostics in deep oscillation magnetron sputtering (DOMS) of titanium
Authors: Sanekata Masaomi , Nakagomi Yuki , Hirayama Mutsuki , Nishida Hiroshi , Nishimiya Nobuo , Tona Masahide , Yamamoto Hiroaki , Tsukamoto Keizo , Fuke Kiyokazu , Ohshimo Keijiro , Koyasu Kiichirou , Misaizu Fuminori
Published: June 2022

Reflectron-type time-of-flight mass spectrometry was applied to the time-resolved component analysis of deep oscillation magnetron sputtering (DOMS), which has been developed as a technique of modulated pulsed magnetron sputtering. In the present study, the DOMS of a Ti target was performed under an Ar gas atmosphere by using a DOMS-specific control waveform consisting of 25 current and/or power pulses. The time evolution of the formation of ionized species (Ar+, Ar2+, Ti+, and Ti2+) after the application of the first discharge pulse was observed at the position corresponding to the deposition region. This study revealed that the plasma build-up process from non-metallic plasma to metallic plasma takes approximately two micropulses (around 100 μs from ignition) in DOMS discharge. In addition, we have found the possibility of studying sputtering processes, such as the rarefaction, and refilling processes of Ar as a function of pulse number through DOMS research.
Asymmetric transmission and coherent perfect absorption in a periodic array of thermoacoustic cells
Authors: Olivier Come , Maddi Anis , Poignand Gaelle , Penelet Guillaume
Published: June 2022

This paper describes some exotic scattering properties of a one-dimensional network of thermoacoustic cells and characterizes them experimentally. The considered two-port consists of a waveguide containing a periodic arrangement of porous materials subjected to temperature gradients and separated by empty sections. The interaction of an acoustic wave with the temperature gradients leads to an inherently nonreciprocal phenomenon known as the thermoacoustic effect. It is shown that this effect can be exploited for the design of systems with exotic acoustic scattering properties through two experimental demonstrations. The first example showcases a balanced asymmetric transmitter with transmission coefficients inverse of each other, yielding a nonreciprocity factor of 18 dB, without reflections. The second example shows a coherent perfect absorber, where maximum absorption is achieved for a wide range of temperature gradients by controlling the relative amplitudes and phasing of incoming waves.
Measurements of the magneto-optical properties of thin-film EuS at room temperature in the visible spectrum
Authors: Meretska M. L. , Somhorst F. H. B. , Ossiander M. , Hou Y. , Moodera J. , Capasso F.
Published: June 2022

This paper reports on the magneto-optical properties of an electron beam evaporated EuS thin-film characterized at room temperature. The refractive index of EuS was measured using ellipsometry in the visible part of the spectrum. The dispersion curve of the Verdet constant was measured in the wavelength range between 600 and 800 nm. We fitted an analytical expression for the dispersion curve in the range of 663–785 nm. In addition, we find that the Verdet constant of thin-film EuS is one order of magnitude higher than the commonly used terbium gallium garnet crystal.
Experimental realization of boundary-obstructed topological insulators using acoustic two-dimensional Su–Schrieffer–Heeger network
Authors: Chen Jin-Heng , Yang Zhang-Zhao , Yang Wen-Jie , Guan An-Yang , Zou Xin-Ye , Cheng Jian-Chun
Published: June 2022

Topological insulators that can host special symmetry-protected boundary states and corner states have attracted increasing intention in acoustic engineering. Recently, the concept of the boundary-obstructed topological (BOT) phases has defined a class of topological phases without bulk energy band closing around zero energy, which greatly broadens the applications of the topological states. In this work, based on the two-dimensional Su–Schrieffer–Heeger network, we show that the band degeneracies around zero energy can be removed to open a complete bandgap by judiciously tuning the hopping terms to break C4v symmetry down to C2v symmetry but with the topological phase invariant, which can be directly characterized by the BOT phase. Furthermore, we experimentally propose a rigorous acoustic sample to visualize the hierarchy of the in-gap higher-order topological states exactly. Crucially, by designedly connecting the lattice with outside environment, we show that these spectrally isolated states still response to the specific frequencies robustly. Our results are expected to be helpful for manipulating wave propagation and sound energy harvesting.
Wake control of a bluff-body via distributed jets over its surface
Authors: Guo Mingqun , Wang Zan , Yu Haiyang , Gao Donglai
Published: June 2022

The flow passing a circular cylinder can trigger flow-induced vibrations such as the vortex-induced vibration. In this paper, the authors investigated an active method to control the cylinder wake flow. The control scheme was achieved by active blowing through a structured porous surface that was manufactured by 3D printing precisely. The blowing momentum was changed by various mass flow rates so that it defined different values of a non-dimensional momentum coefficient Cμ. The experimental investigation was conducted in a wind tunnel. A 2D particle image velocimetry system was used to measure global flow fields. The Reynolds number based on D was 10 000 in the subcritical region, where D is the cylinder diameter. The proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) was utilized as a reduced-order model. Experimental results showed that transformations could be found in POD modal characteristics and vortex shedding frequencies. Fluctuations in the global wake were suppressed. Moreover, intensities of turbulence kinetic energy and elements of the Reynolds stress tensor T were decreased in the near wake region. It can be concluded that active blowing jets through the structured porous surface of the circular cylinder can be used to control the surrounding flow with effective Cμ values.
Processes related to phototransfer under blue- and green-light illumination in annealed Al2O3:C,Mg
Authors: Chithambo M. L. , Kalita J. M. , Trindade N. M.
Published: June 2022

Phototransferred thermoluminescence (PTTL) of Al2O3:C,Mg induced by 470 nm blue, 525 nm green, and 870 nm infrared light is reported. Although its conventional TL glow curve measured during heating to 600 °C has seven peaks (labeled I–VII), only peak II is reproduced under phototransfer, except when the sample is preheated to 180 °C when peak IV also re-appears. The dependence of PTTL intensity on the duration of illumination for both PTTL peaks is analyzed using phenomenological and kinetic models as systems of acceptor and donors, with the number of the latter determined by experiment. The intensity of PTTL increases with the temperature of illumination with an activation energy of thermal assistance of either 0.015 ± 0.002 or 0.047 ± 0.002 eV when either 470 or 525 nm light is used but decreases at elevated temperatures with an activation energy of thermal quenching equal to 0.51 ± 0.02 eV independent of illumination wavelength. The long term behavior of time-response profiles for a system of one acceptor and a single donor, as an exemplar, as studied by stability theory, shows an unstable critical point. Mechanisms for the PTTL are discussed and the emission is ascribed to electron centers in the oxygen sub-lattice.
Applicability of Taylor's frozen hypothesis and elliptic model in the atmospheric surface layer
Authors: Han Guowen , Zhang Xiaobin
Published: June 2022

Based on the synchronous multi-point temperature data measured at different streamwise positions with the application of distributed temperature sensing, a field investigation on the applicability of Taylor's frozen hypothesis and elliptic model was performed in the atmospheric surface layer (ASL). In this work, several important spatial statistical functions of temperature field, such as longitudinal space–time correlation [CTT(r, t)], space correlation [RTT(r)], normalized second-order structure function [⟨ΔT+2(r)⟩], and wavenumber spectrum [ΦTT(k)] of temperature fluctuations, were directly measured in the ASL. By comparing the directly measured spatial statistical functions with the predicted results, our study indicates that both Taylor's frozen hypothesis and elliptic model are applicable in the near-neutral and stable ASLs when the turbulence level is low. However, only the elliptic model is substantially accurate in the unstable ASL when the turbulence level is high. The elliptic model can relate CTT(r, t) to RTT(rE), where rE = [(r−Ueτ)2+(Veτ)2]1/2, Ue is the convection velocity, and Ve is the sweeping velocity. With the application of Ue and Ve, RTT(r) and ⟨ΔT+2(r)⟩ can be estimated by the elliptic model in the near-neutral, unstable, and stable ASLs.
Flow field of a rotating detonation engine fueled by carbon
Authors: Zhu Wenchao , Wang Yuhui , Wang Jianping
Published: June 2022

Solid–gas rotating detonation engines have been widely studied, but experimental limitations have prevented the full information of the flow field from being revealed. This paper describes a numerical investigation of the effect of the equivalence ratio on the two-phase flow field of a rotating detonation engine fueled by carbon and air. The discrete phase model and multiple surface reaction model are employed to determine the flow and combustion of carbon particles. The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations are solved for the gas flow. The results show that a low-temperature air gap appears in place of deflagration in the two-phase flow field, and the gap extends into the products. Before the detonation wave, this air gap is the difference between the air and fuel layers. At higher equivalence ratios, two rotating detonation waves are formed by the contact between the high-temperature products and the fuel–air mixture.
Genome-wide identification and expression profile analysis of the
Authors: Zhao Kezhen , Yu Kuanwei , Fu Xue , Zhao Xunchao , Xia Ning , Zhan Yuhang , Zhao Xue , Han Yingpeng
Published: June 2022

Context Soybean cyst nematode is the most important pest of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) worldwide, causing serious yield losses. Lignin is a vital component of the cell wall that can provide resistance to cyst nematode. O-Methyltransferase (OMT) is a key enzyme involved in lignin metabolism in the phenylalanine pathway. Aims In this study, the soybean OMT gene family was systematically identified, and the expression response of GmOMT to abiotic and cyst nematode stresses was investigated. Methods In total, 67 OMT genes were obtained from the soybean genome through conserved structural domain alignment. GmOMT expression under abiotic stress of soybean was examined based on next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Comprehensive analysis of the genes was conducted, including gene structure, conserved structure, affinity, chromosomal localisation, functional prediction, Gene Ontology analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis, promoter analysis, and expression pattern analysis. Key results The 67 GmOMT genes were identified and distributed among the 19 chromosomes. The GmOMT genes were classified into two categories: CCOMT subfamily and COMT subfamily. GmOMT genes from the same family shared similar gene structures and conserved structural domains, which have undergone strong purifying selection during evolution. The presence of multiple cis-responsive elements in the promoters of GmOMT genes suggested that members of the soybean OMT family may be involved in growth and developmental activities and resistance to stress in soybean. Conclusions GmOMT expression under abiotic stress showed that some of the genes may play a role in abiotic stress. Of them, GmCCOMT3 and GmCCOMT7 were closely associated with lignin synthesis based on both RNA-Seq and quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Implications These findings are valuable for elucidating the function of GmOMT in lignin metabolism and the relationship with SCN resistance.
Numerical investigation of asymmetric weld fusion geometry in laser welding of aluminium alloy with beam oscillation
Authors: Chen Xi , Jiang Nan , Jiang Meng , Du Yang , Ma Shengchong , Chen Yuan , Tan Caiwang , Lei Zhenglong , Zhao Sicong , Chen Yanbin
Published: June 2022

In this work, the asymmetric weld fusion geometry in oscillating laser beam welding (OLBW) of aluminium alloy was reported and investigated using a numerical approach. A multi-physics heat transfer and fluid flow model of OLBW was developed and validated with the corresponding experimental results. The weld fusion geometry, temperature fields, and fluid flow behaviours for four commonly used oscillation modes, line, circle, eight, and infinity, were calculated to analyse the origin of the asymmetric weld fusion geometry. The results show the asymmetry of local heat input along beam travelling path and the fluid flow pattern in the molten pool are the main factors that result in the asymmetric weld fusion geometry in OLBW.
Sara Cuylen-Haering: Cellular soaps to keep neat chromosomes
Authors: Morgado-Palacin Lucia
Published: June 2022

Sara Cuylen-Haering studies the molecular mechanisms driving phase separation of chromosomes and other cellular organelles, with a special focus on biological surfactants.
The dense-core plaques of Alzheimer’s disease are granulomas
Authors: Lemke Greg , Huang Youtong
Published: June 2022

Dense-core plaques, whose centers contain highly polymerized and compacted aggregates of amyloid β peptides, are one of the two defining histopathological features of Alzheimer’s disease. Recent findings indicate that these plaques do not form spontaneously but are instead constructed by microglia, the tissue macrophages of the central nervous system. We discuss cellular, structural, functional, and gene expression criteria by which the microglial assembly of dense-core plaques in the Alzheimer’s brain parallels the construction of granulomas by macrophages in other settings. We compare the genesis of these plaques to the macrophage assembly of mycobacterial granulomas, the defining histopathological features of tuberculosis. We suggest that if dense-core plaques are indeed granulomas, their simple disassembly may be contraindicated as an Alzheimer’s therapy.
Disbond contour estimation in aluminum/CFRP adhesive joint based on the phase velocity variation of Lamb waves
Authors: Tong Tong , Hua Jiadong , Gao Fei , Zhang Han , Lin Jing
Published: June 2022

Adhesive lap joints between composite and metal plates have been widely used in industrial fields including the automotive industry, marine manufacturing and aerospace engineering. Low quality of operation, harsh environment, adhesive aging and other disadvantages may lead to disbonding. To assess the disbond contour at an adhesive interface, this study proposes a detection method based on the phase velocity variation of Lamb waves. First, the dispersion curves of Lamb waves in both single-layer and bonded multi-layer areas are acquired using the semi-analytical finite element (FE) method. Subsequently, numerical models of Lamb wave propagation in intact and disbonded joints are established. Due to the difference in phase velocity between relevant modes, the phase difference of Lamb wave between disbonded and intact joints is quantitatively linear with the disbond length under specific excitation, which is verified by the simulated signals based on FEs. Then, a probabilistic reconstruction algorithm based on phase delay is employed to localize the disbond center. On this basis, the edge points of the disbond are acquired, and the convex envelope of these points is sketched for disbond contour estimation. As a result, both the location and shape of the disbond can be obtained, thereby providing information for subsequent assessment. The experiment is carried out on an adhesive lap joint specimen composed of an aluminum plate and a quasi-isotropic carbon fiber reinforced plastic laminate, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Neutron yield as a measure of achievement nuclear fusion using a mixture of deuterium and tritium isotopes
Authors: Youssef Ahmed , Anwar Rania , Bashter Ibrahim I , Amin Esmat A , Reda Sonia M.
Published: June 2022

A mixture of deuterium (D) and tritium (T) is the most likely fuel for fusion reactors and hence the D(d, n)3He and T(d, n)4He fusion reactions are the ones that will fire fusion reactors in the future. Both of the fusion reactions produce neutrons which escape form the reactor core and can be measured directly outside the core. As the neutrons have large mean free path and neutral charge, they readily carry information about the burning fusion plasma from inside to outside the reactor core without being affected by electric ormagnetic fields. From the produced neutrons of the D(d, n)3He and T(d, n)4He fusion reactions, the neutron yield of each reaction and the neutron yield ratio of the two reactions are calculated. This ratio is of critical importance for controlling the fusion fuel burning which is a high priority issue for fusion reactor performance. Because it is very difficult to measure this ratio experimentally, accurate theoretical calculations of the neutron yield ratio besides the related deuterium and tritium energy spectra in the fusion plasma are needed. In the present work, neutron yields of the D(d, n)3He and T(d, n)4He fusion reactions have been calculated using the MCUNED, the ENEA-JSI, the DDT codes and the Geant4 toolkit. The related deuterium and tritium energy spectra have been calculated by the MCUNED code. The relation between the ion temperature and the neutron yield in the imploded fusion plasma is discussed. Calculations are compared to the available experimental data. Comparing to the other codes, the spectrum of the fusion neutrons simulated by the MCUNED is the only one that fit the experimental data.
Laboratory and On-sky Testing of an InGaAs Detector for Infrared Imaging
Authors: Batty Kristoffor , Steele Iain , Copperwheat Chris
Published: June 2022

We describe the results of testing a shortwave infrared CMOS camera using an indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) detector. The new generation of InGaAs detectors offers a cost-effective alternative to mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) for astronomy research, with current, off-the-shelf cameras requiring no modification before use. Testing was conducted in the laboratory and on-sky while mounted to the robotic, 2 m Liverpool Telescope using a H-band filter. The camera exhibits a dark current of 821 e− s−1 pix−1 and a bias level of 864 e− pix−1. The dark current associated shot noise is of similar size to the read noise of 32 e− pix−1 in one-second exposures. Linearity within the count region where readout noise and bit-depth saturation effects are not dominant is within a few tenths of a per cent. After field-compression by fore optics, the plate-scale yields 0.″3 pix−1, near perfect for Nyquist sampling at the La Palma site. The sky background for the H-band filter dominates the other noise sources for the instrument for one-second exposures producing sky-limited photometry. On-sky observations show that milli-magnitude precision is achieved for sources <10.7 mag and a signal-to-noise ratio of 10 is achievable for 16th magnitude with a 3 minutes total exposure time, making it an ideal follow-up instrument for sources detected in current and upcoming IR surveys.
A Speed Adaptive Path Planning Method based on Line Structured Light Information for Robotic Multi-layer/Multi-pass Welding
Authors: Liu Shijie , Lu Hong , Liu Shu , Zhang Yongquan , Wang Shaojun
Published: June 2022

Regarding the geometrical errors existed in the welding grooves for the large steel structures, the traditional path planning method for robotic multi-layer/multi-pass welding cannot guarantee welding quality. In this paper, a speed adaptive path planning method based on line structured light information for robotic multi-layer/multi-pass welding is proposed. Firstly, the initial welding path is planned according to the average section dimensions of grooves, which are obtained by measured data using line structured light based on the proposed section extraction algorithm. Then, considering the geometrical errors represented by the different section dimensions, the welding speed is adaptively planned to make the molten pool fit the actual dimensions of the welding pass. Simultaneously, the welding path is compensated by the relationship between the welding speed and its corresponding dimensions of molten pool. Finally, the speed adaptive multi-layer/multi-pass welding with box-style steel structures have been experimentally investigated. The proposed planning method can be implemented to improve the welding quality of the grooves in the large steel structures.
Influence Degree Analysis of Landing Points of Small-sized Fixed-wing Gliding UAV in Short Range
Authors: Jiang Tieying , Ma Xiangsen , Yang Chengwei , Mao Yukun
Published: June 2022

Enhancing the landing accuracy and reducing landing point dispersion of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with fixed wings is critical for expanding the applications of UAVs in complex terrains. Faced with the requirement for arresting recovery for UAV landings in short range, a UAV with fixed wings is chosen as the research basis. The landing strategy for UAVs has been modified by the addition of wing flaps, dynamic compensation control, and ultrasonic sensors, among other things. Additionally, the simulation model validated the feasibility of the modified landing-recovery strategy. The Monte Carlo method is used to analyze the influence of interference sources, such as constant wind, gust, positioning error, airspeed measurement, mass, air density, processing and assembly, and control error, on landing point dispersion. Simulation results indicate that the modified landing strategy can significantly improve the short landing performance for small-sized UAVs with fixed wings.
Design and Demonstration of Eigenstructure Configuration Control Law based on Free Flight Model
Authors: Wang Yalong , Zhang Jiaqi , Qi Shenjun
Published: June 2022

According to the needs of advanced flight control law demonstration, a flight control law demonstration platform based on free flight model is constructed, a flight test system for flight control law demonstration is designed, the dynamic model calibration is completed and the control law based on eigenstructure configuration is designed, finally, the flight test is carried out. The test results show that the scaled free flight model can effectively complete the aerodynamic model calibration and control law demonstration. what’s more, it has strong engineering application value; Compared with the PID control law, the flight control law based on eigenstructure configuration has good control effect and strong robustness, which greatly reduces the flight test parameter adjustment and improves the flight test efficiency.
Research on Overlapping Communities in Scientific Cooperation Network
Authors: Wu Fan , Yang Can , Zheng Xue , Li Dongsheng , Chen Kebin
Published: June 2022

Science of science provides quantitative means for scientific research activities and can reveal the basic laws of scientific research. Taking the scientist cooperation network of Condensed matter physics, General relativity quantum cosmology and High energy physics phenomenology as the research object, the overlapping community structure in the network is detected by using the label propagation algorithm based on seed diffusion. Through community analysis, it is found that when the scale of scientists' cooperative network increases, the increase in the number of communities is not obvious, but the scale of each community will increase, and the probability of scientists belonging to overlapping communities will decrease. This shows that the increase in the number of authoritative scientists is not obvious after the unpopular research field becomes a popular research field. In hot research fields, the division of scientists' cooperation circles is clearer, and the cooperation frequency between circles will decrease significantly.
About some aspects of the organization of students individual work at pedagogical universities in the process of teaching classical optimization methods
Authors: Kuzmina N M , Samusenko P F , Kuzmin A V
Published: June 2022

Some aspects of teaching classical optimization methods to students of computer science specialties of pedagogical universities are described in the article. In Ukraine pedagogical universities the theory of optimization problems is most systematically considered in the course “Mathematical programming”. The paper presents the approximate topics of this course, analyzes the relevant interdisciplinary links, presents the main stages of solving applied optimization problems. The peculiarities of organizing the individual work of students who study according to the dual education system by using the elements of “flipped” learning are considered in the article. New approaches in the educational process with the using of the modern information technologies, in particular Maple computer math system, is demonstrated.
Interdisciplinary problems of mathematical content as a means of teaching programming to secondary school pupils
Authors: Bazurin V M , Chashechnikova O S , Karpenko Ye M , Pursky O I , Palchuk P M
Published: June 2022

The article discusses the main provisions of a practice-oriented approach to teaching programming in a school computer science course. The practice-oriented approach is implemented using a system of practice-oriented problems of mathematical content. The article reveals the classification of practice-oriented problems. Particular attention is paid to Interdisciplinary problems of mathematical content. The article describes the methodology, the main stages and the results of the experiment, during which the effectiveness of the system of practice-oriented problems of mathematical content in the process of formation of pupils’ ability to solve programming problems was tested. Using the methods of mathematical statistics, it was proved that the system of practice-oriented problems of mathematical content is more effective than the system of problems given in school textbooks on computer science. During the experiment, the influence of the system of practice-oriented tasks on the formation of pupils’ ability to solve programming problems was also investigated. It was proved that the use of the system of practice-oriented programming problems more effectively affects the formation of the ability to solve programming problems. For pupils of the experimental group, the differences between the initial level of formation of the ability to solve programming problems and the final level were significant, while for pupils of the control group, they were insignificant. The results of the experiment confirm the positive influence of the system of practice-oriented problems of mathematical content on the formation of pupils’ ability to solve programming problems.
Project-oriented approach to the study of robotics according to the concept of STEM education
Authors: Palchyk A O , Lutsyk I B , Burega N V
Published: June 2022

The importance of studying robotics in the conditions of the Fourth Industrial Revolution for solving the problem of training qualified STEM specialists is substantiated. The technique of using a project-oriented approach in the process of studying technologies for creating robotic systems is disclosed. The stages of implementation of the method based on the project of a maneuverable robotic platform are given. The methodology proposes a step-by-step development of a completed functional product, divided into several stages. At each stage, students get acquainted with the corresponding functions of the software and the theoretical aspects of electrical, physical, mechanical phenomena necessary to solve the problem at this stage. An important aspect of this technique is also the acquisition of practical work skills: drawing up diagrams, soldering individual electrical components to the board, laying electrical connections and manufacturing parts using 3D printing. Work on solving problem-oriented complex tasks allows to consider the problem as a collective, which will create the necessary prerequisites for professional activity. These capabilities of the project-oriented approach allow to implement the key concepts of STEM education: the research process, mastering the technology of manufacture and implementation of technical creativity on the basis of basic mathematical knowledge.
Proteolytic processes in organism of different age rats exposed to xenoestrogens
Authors: Lykholat T Y , Lykholat O A , Marenkov O M , Kvitko M O , Panfilova H L , Savosko V N , Belic Y V , Vyshnikina O V , Lykholat Y V
Published: June 2022

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a group of compounds that affect the endocrine system, frequently found in everyday products and epidemiologically associated with several diseases. The human population is now ubiquitously exposed to EDCs in daily life. The main way of getting xenoestrogens to the body is the contaminated food. The effects of xenoestrogens on the proteolytic processes of different age rats were determination. The experiments were conducted on Wistar rats exposed to exogenous estrogen for 45 days. At the beginning of the experiment 3-month-old pubertal animals and 6-month-old sexually mature rats were involved. The research materials were organ tissue and blood serum of the rats. The objects were indexes of activity of trypsin and its obligatory inhibitors α1 - antitrypsin (α1-AT) and α2-macroglobulin (α2-MG), cysteine cathepsins B and L, the molecules of middle mass (MMM) level. In summary, the eating food contaminated by exoestrogens led to changes in the proteolytic system and the development of endogenous intoxication, which are also organ-specific and dependent on the age of the animals: a higher level of activity of the inhibitory link and the content of MMM was observed in rats in the puberty period, which leads to a decrease in the potential of the protective mechanisms of the organism and can become a trigger dysfunctional systems of natural detoxification and biotransformation. Inhibition of apoptosis is the main consequence found in the body of experimental rats. This phenomenon can lead to processes that inhibit one of the main mechanisms that reject damaged cells from the population. Females who were in puberty were more susceptible to dietary synthetic estrogens. In contrast to adult animals of the same sex, whose indicators indicate the importance of age characteristics of the body for the ability to perceive the effects of xenoestrogens. Rats became less sensitive to the effects of these substances with age. The diference in experimental animals was due to changes in the rate of detoxification pathway reactions, and not in the metabolism of estrogens entering the body, in particular, with food.
Quantum-mechanical approach to simulation of molecular crystals thermal conductivity
Authors: Pursky O I , Gamaliy V F , Demidov P G , Dyvak V V , Kozlov V V , Danylchuk H B
Published: June 2022

This article is devoted to the implementation of scientific achievements into the educational process of physics specialties students in the framework of study course “Solid State Physics”. In this work, based on our previous scientific results, we present a quantum-mechanical approach that can adequately describe the temperature dependences of the dielectric crystals thermal conductivity. The basic provisions of quantum-mechanical approach are studied by students in the framework of university study course “Solid State Physics” and are based on Einstein and Debye classical models. This approach is based on the assumption that in dielectric crystals heat is transferred due to the phonons (Debye model) and thermal diffusion between the thermally activated neighboring quantum mechanical oscillators directly from site to site on a time scale of one-half of the oscillation period (Einstein model). In term of this consideration the thermal conductivity of molecular crystals are simulated in the framework of thermal conductivity model where heat is transferred by low-frequency phonons with taking into account phonon–rotation coupling, and above the phonon mobility edge by “diffusive” modes. For this purpose the theoretical temperature dependences of the isochoric thermal conductivity have been calculated numerically in the interval near or over the Debye temperature and compared with experimental results for solid C6H12, CHCl3
and CH2Cl2. Using simple molecular crystals as an example it is shows the dualism of the nature of heat transfer processes in the temperature region of the order of the Debye temperature and above. The obtained results will be useful for implementation in the educational process in the study course “Solid State Physics” in particular for understanding the features of heat transfer in the high-temperature range of dielectric crystals existence.
Training of practicing teachers for the application of STEM education
Authors: Velychko V E , Kaydan N V , Fedorenko O G , Kaydan V P
Published: June 2022

The modern informational society poses new challenges to the education system, and one of the ways to solve them is STEM education, which has become one of the popular learning trends. The solution of the set tasks encourages not only the growth of the economic indicators, but also the general stable development of society with a careful attitude to resources, both material and immaterial. The practitioners are the leaders in high-tech changes of the education system, that is why they are the ones who can implement the STEM approach in the most effective way. This is important because the scientific component of technology is evolving over time and, accordingly, the skills of employees that are needed are changing, too. And the STEM approach in education, in turn, is the best to meet this requirement. The professional development of practicing teachers means to update knowledge in the field and acquire new teaching methods and technologies. Thus, in addition to professional necessity, professional development of practicing teachers is of innovative importance. The proposed certificate program of advanced training aims to develop students’ skills to implement STEM education in a scientifically sound and critical way; widely use interdisciplinary interaction; to introduce methods and means of STEM education in professional activity. The target audience of the program is future and practicing teachers of general and professional higher education.
Didactic fairy tale designing as a key to proactive training of Physics and Mathematics at primary schools
Authors: Kucheriavyi O H
Published: June 2022

Relevance of the selected research topic is due to its development results aiming to resolve contradictions between society’s needs for personality-oriented training of Physics and Mathematics basics at comprehensive secondary school and the inadequate basic (necessary and sufficient) conditions to provide this in primary grades. Teachers also lack for a systematic and scientifically substantiated practice of immersing their students into the didactic fairytale environment. The research primarily aims to reveal the author’s conceptual vision of the essence and principles of didactic fairy tale designing in order to convert it into a basic tool of Physics and Mathematics training to 1st – 4th grade pupils.