bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Rainfall, Surface Runoff and Soil Loss on an Experimental Farm in the Middle Belt of Nigeria
Authors: Aper J A , Iorkua S A , Akegh N J
Published: July 2020

Rainfall induced depletion of soil nutrients resulting from runoff and soil erosion are a main threat for agricultural lands, tending to reducing soil fertility, soil productivity and eventually leading to the un-sustainability of agricultural production systems. It is based on the problems associated with soil loss that the required mulch type, mulch cover and slope of the farming field need to be properly investigated and determined. This research therefore analyzed surface runoff and soil loss under different mulch treatment at a farm site in Benue State, in the middle-belt region of Nigeria. The main aim is to analyze the effect of varied mulching will have on runoff and soil loss volumes resulting from rainfall and examine the implication of the results on soil management practice in the region. Experimental plots of 20m long by 3m wide were carved out with an outlet down slope of 1.5m2 (20m×3m+1.5m2 = 61.5m2 ) were bordered with corrugated iron sheets and inserted with runoff and soil loss receptors. The experimental plots were treated with weighted organic materials (mulching, in tons) and planted with maize with plots of zero (0) tons as control (T1). The maize planted was spaced 25cm on row and 75cm on columns. The experimental plots were replicated and symbolized as (T1) = bare surface (0 tons A, B and C), (T2) = surface mulch +maize (4 tons A, B and C) and (T3)= surface mulch + maize (8 tons A, B and C). Rainfall data was collected over ten (10) rain events and runoff and soil loss measurements was analyzed with using correlation statistics, variability and regression. The results show that 96.14% runoff occurs on T1, 3.22% and 0.63% runs off on the T2 and T3 respectively with corresponding 193.7kg, 3.1kg and 0.5kg soil loss. The study finds out that mulching reduces simultaneously both runoff and soil loss in the region. The amount rainfall only has no significant effect on amount of runoff and volume of soil loss. The study revealed that, surface cover combined with simple cropping controls runoff and soil loss by 67% and 61% respectively. This will be useful to farmers in addition to the fact that mulching also has a collateral benefit of stimulating microbial activities and regulating soil moisture and temperature.
Pattern of Gully Characteristics under Different Land use Practices in Gboko Town, Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Iorkua S A , Aper J A , Ayoosu I
Published: July 2020

As an outcome of landuse, soil erosion over the years has been a major problem in many parts of Nigeria especially in the urban centers including Gboko town where a lot of buildings generate runoff from roofs that alter the landscape morphology of the this hilly town. This study assesses gully morphometry in Gboko town with the aim to determine gully characteristics, compare the gully characteristics in the built up and un-built areas of Gboko town. Data was collected from the two major land use scenario areas through measurement and observations using stratified, purposive, and systematic sampling techniques. The data was analyzed using both the descriptive and inferential statistics including mean, standard deviation and tests of variability, correlation and student t-test. The results of the study indicate that the gullies in the built up areas of Gboko north, south, west and east were deeper (0.6m, 0.8m, 0.5m and 0.5m) and wider (3.1m, 4.6m, 3.4m and 3.4m) compared to the un-built areas of the town respectively. The result indicated that a significant difference exist in the gully elements between built-up and un-built areas except in the slope angle which is but similar between gullies in Gbokowest area. The study therefore recommends that further monitoring of actual gully erosion should be done under different building environments in the tow to achieve balance between urbanization, building construction, runoff and gully development to achieve sustainable urban land use and drainage control in the study area.
Evaluation of Aizawa Chaotic Map in Digital Image Protection
Authors: Gbaden Terlumun
Published: July 2020

In recent years, great concerns have been raised regarding the issue of digital image protection due to the increasing demand for security services. To meet this challenge, a novel chaos-based approach is suggested in this paper. To address the security and efficiency problems encountered by many existing permutation-diffusion type image ciphers the new scheme utilizes Aizawa chaotic map which enhances the security against known/chosen –plaintext attack. Experimental tests were carried out and the results indicate that the proposed scheme provides an effective and efficient way for real-time secure digital image transmission over unsecured networks.
Bivariate Response Logistic Regression for Categorical Data
Authors: Adah V , Nwaosu S C , Nja M E
Published: July 2020

The bivariate logistic regression model can be used to obtain the probability of joint events as well as individual events where there are two response variables and several explanatory variables. The existing bivariate logistic model approach appears intractable. This paper provides a modeling procedure that addresses this problem. This approach compares favourably with the existing procedure. The new approach is used to model the probability of malaria and typhoid infections, using age, sex and location of the patients as associated factors. The marginal probabilities showed a decrease in malaria infection with age. Sex and location showed a significant impact on the probability of malaria infection. Typhoid fever infection on the other hand indicates an increase with age. Sex has no significant impact on the probability of typhoid infection. The joint model shows that all variables are statistically significant with odds value greater than 1 indicating higher likelihood of joint infection and odds value that are less than one indicating lower likelihood of joint infections, χ2:12.02828 (0.00729)
Simulation of Electron-Electron Two Stream Instability (ETSI)
Authors: Gbaorun F , John E S , Aper T M , Daniel T , Eriba-Idoko F
Published: July 2020

Stream instabilities are widely studied due to their importance in understanding astrophysical phenomena such as acceleration of high velocity of solar wind. In this work, the simulation of electron two stream instability was performed using Vorpal Simulation (VSim) code to explore the kinetic energy of plasma that arises due to the interaction between two counter-streaming electron beams at different velocities as well as different electron densities. The electron beam velocity was varied in the range of 3.58 × 106 m/s - 7.98 × 106 m/s and the resulting kinetic energy of plasma increased from 19 × 10−6J - 210 × 10−6J respectively. Also, increasing the electron density at fixed beam velocity from 1.05 × 1014m−3 - 5.84 × 1014m−3, the kinetic energy was observed to increase from 100 × 10−6J - 200 × 10−6J .However, the kinetic energy of the electron increases more with increasing beam velocity than with increasing electron density. The electric field energy which arose due to the interaction of the streaming beams did not exceed the energy of the beams.
PENGARUH GAYA BELAJAR SISWA TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA SMA PGRI MAROS
Authors: Kadir Fitriani , Permana Imam , Qalby Nurul
Published: July 2020

Abstrak: Pengaruh Gaya Belajar Siswa terhadap Hasil Belajar Fisika SMA PGRI Maros. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh gaya belajar visual terhadap hasil belajar fisika di SMA PGRI Maros dan pengaruh gaya belajar auditori terhadap hasil belajar fisika di PGRI SMA Maros serta mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran kinestetik. gaya pada hasil belajar fisika di SMA PGRI Maros. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian ex post facto. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 41 siswa di SMA PGRI Maros yang mengisi angket gaya belajar ada 19 siswa (46,34%) yang memiliki kecenderungan gaya belajar visual, ada 19 siswa (46,34%) yang memiliki kecenderungan gaya belajar auditorial , dan ada 3 siswa (7,31%) yang cenderung gaya belajar kinestetik. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa gaya belajar dominan yang dimiliki oleh siswa kelas Xmia di SMA PGRI Maros adalah gaya belajar visual dan auditori dengan persentase 46,34% dan 46,34%. Ada pengaruh positif dan signifikan gaya belajar visual terhadap hasil belajar fisika. Kontribusi gaya belajar visual terhadap hasil belajar fisika di PGRI Maros High School dengan persentase visual 44,34% dan jumlah frekuensi 19. Ini berarti bahwa semakin tinggi gaya belajar visual, semakin baik hasil belajar fisika akan. Jadi siswa yang suka membaca dan tidak terganggu oleh kebisingan akan dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar dalam fisika.
PENERAPAN STRATEGI REFLEKSI PADA AKHIR PEMBELAJARAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KREATIF PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATERI FLUIDA
Authors: Ismayanti Ismayanti , Arsyad Muhammad , Marisda Dewi Hikmah
Published: July 2020

Abstrak: Penerapan Strategi Refleksi pada Akhir Pembelajaran untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kreatif Peserta Didik pada Materi Fluida. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik belum mampu menciptakan gagasan atau inovasi baru dalam menyelesaikan masalah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan keterampilan bepikir kreatif peserta didik sebelum dan setelah diajar dengan pembelajaran strategi refleksi pada akhir pembelajaran. Jenis penelitian adalah pra eksperimen dengan desain One Group Pretest-Postest, yang terdiri dari tiga tahap, yaitu pretest, perlakuan, dan posttest. Penelitian ini berlangsung selama dua bulan. Sampel dalam peneliyian ini adalah peserta didik kelas XI MIA 2 SMA Negeri 9 Makassar yang berjumlah 30 orang peserta didik. Instrument penelitian yang digunakan adalah tes keterampilan berpikir kreatif yang telah divalidasi oleh dua orang pakar. Hasil analisis statistic pretest menunjukkan nilai rata-rata sebesar 9,4 dan nilai rata-rata posttest sebesar 28,1. Sedangkan hasil analisis inferensial menunjukkan bahwa data terdistribusi normal dan diperoleh thitung > ttabel, yaitu 20,287 > 2,048 pada uji hipotesis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa melalui strategi refleksi pada akhir pembelajaran keterampilan berpikir kreatif peserta didik mengalami peningkatan.
PENGAKUAN DAN PENGUKURAN PENDAPATAN BERDASARKAN PSAK NO. 23 PADA KALLA TOYOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Nurjanna Nurjanna
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui Apakah pengakuan dan pengukuran pendapatan perusahaan pada PT.Hadji Kalla telah sesuai dengan Pernyataan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan No. 23 Tahun 2015.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dan data primer. Penelitian ini menggunakan prosedur pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa pengakuan pendapatan diterapkan dengan metode accrual basis dan Pengakuan pendapatan belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan PSAK No. 23 Tahun 2015, sedangkan pengukuran pendapatan pada PT. Hadji Kalla sudah sesuai dengan PSAK No. 23 Tahun 2015 yaitu pengukuran diukur dengan nilai wajar imbalan yang diterima atau dapat diterima.
Hubungan Fenomena Groupthink dengan Gaya Kepemimpinan Ketua RT di Desa Cikarawang
Authors: Asniar Distra , Sarwoprasodjo Sarwititi
Published: July 2020

Neighborhood activities are a process that can be used to see the level of group members' participation, often member participation is influenced by several things, such as groupthink phenomenon and group leader leadership style. The purpose of this study was to: (1) identify groupthink causal factors in groups, (2), identify leadership styles found in neighborhood, and (3) analyze the relationship of leadership style with groupthink phenomena in groups. This study uses a quantitative approach supported by qualitative data with 30 neighborhood as respondents. The subjects of this study were neighborhood groups located in Cikarawang Village, Dramaga District, Bogor Regency. Analysis of research data using the Spearman rank correlation test. The results show that there was no relationship between the leadership style of the chair and groupthink phenomena in the neighborhood activities. This condition influences the neighborhood leader dominant leadership style is laissez faire, so it has no relation to the decline in criticism of neighborhood members in groupthink phenomena.
Education and Socio-economic Outcomes
Authors: De Broucker Patrice
Published: July 2020

Within the OECD INES Project, the development of indicators on "Education and socio-economic outcomes" is the focus of Network B's activities. The aims of education have always been viewed more broadly than imparting basic elements of knowledge and skills to youth. This article presents the framework that brings together the various areas in which the development work takes place: school-work transitions, continuing education and training, and human and social capital. The issue of equity, a central one in education, is also explicitly dealt with, mainly as a dimension integrated in each area of indicator development. After its initial work focussing on educational attainment of the population and the labor force - key measures of the "stock" of human capital - and education and earnings, Network B turned its attention to the resolution of comparability issues in labor market outcome indicators and the improvement of indicators related to lifelong learning. Stating the policy issues it is aiming to address always precedes indicator development work, so these issues are also presented in this article.
Doing Democracy Book Review
Authors: Beck Kumari
Published: July 2020

guyg
Faculty Evaluations Provide Solutions to Online Teaching of Evidenced-Based Practice
Authors: Silva Clarissa
Published: July 2020

Background: The purpose of this report is to provide solutions to improving online course teaching for the challenging topic of Evidenced-Based Practice.Evidence-based practice courses five weeks in length with assignments that would enlist the creativity of the student if allowed to conduct a clinical project.Methods: The student was given a choice on a hypothetical patient and clinical topic to base their research on for the course. Virtual meetings and video recordings were used to conduct the course.Results: An improvement from a 3.1 to a 3.8 on course evaluations and 3.9 on faculty evaluations by students which gave a conformation that the student obtained knowledge from this course online environment.Conclusion: An understanding of the learner needs is incredibly important and an emphasis on audiovisual format which enhances knowledge acquisition of complex course content. As instructors, innovative thinking, and application of course content delivery is needed for today’s student.
Exploring the Factors Affecting Saudi University Students’ In-Class Willingness to Communicate in English
Authors: Alenezi Saud
Published: July 2020

This study explores perceptions of Saudi university students about the factors that affect their in-class willingness to communicate (WTC) in English. The study is conducted using a qualitative research approach. The sample of the study comprises 30 EFL students enrolled in the Preparatory Year programme at the Northern Border University (NBU) in Arar City, kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and then analyzed using a thematic content analysis. The results revealed that there are 19 factors affecting the students’ in-class WTC in English which can be categorized into three main themes that are learner-related factors (e.g., self-perceived communication competence, fear of making mistakes, fear of being laughed at, feeling of shyness, lack of confidence, being afraid of public speaking, previous communication experience), affective factors (e.g., motivation, second language communicative anxiety, evaluation apprehension), and classroom environment factors (e.g., topic interest, topic familiarity, instructional methods, instructional materials, time, classroom apprehension, instructor, class size, classmates). The study concludes with some pedagogical implications for EFL practitioners about L2 learners’ in-class participation in the target language and provides some insights for the improving the learning experience of English as a foreign language.
Identification of Aroma Compounds in Freeze-dried Strawberries and Raspberries by HS-SPME-GC-MS
Authors: Al-Taher Fadwa , Nemzer Boris
Published: July 2020

The objective of this study was to determine a method for the identification of aroma volatile compounds in freeze-dried (FD) strawberries and raspberries for quality purposes. The aroma profile was examined using headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). FD strawberries and raspberries were extracted at four different times (10,15, 20 and 30 min) and three different temperatures (40 °C, 60 °C and 80 °C) using a SPME fiber coated with 50/30 µm divinylbenzene/carboxen on polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR-PDMS) to determine optimum recoveries for aroma volatile compounds. The DVB/CAR-PDMS SPME fiber showed the best extraction of aroma volatile compounds from strawberry and raspberry at 60°C for 15 min. Twenty-nine volatile compounds were identified from the strawberry samples and 20 from the raspberry samples, including terpenes, aldehydes, esters, acids and alcohols. Select aroma compounds in FD strawberries and raspberries were quantitated using SPME and GC-MS. It is important to determine the desirable aroma active compounds in freeze-dried strawberries and raspberries for quality uses since they are becoming popular commercially.
Språkbruk om kroppsøving: Et kritisk blikk på ny læreplan i Fagfornyelsen (LK20)
Authors: Borgen Jorunn Spord , Engelsrud Gunn
Published: July 2020

I artikkelen analyserer forfatterne læreplan for kroppsøving som faglig og fagpolitisk tekst i læreplanreformen Fagfornyelsen i skolefagene (LK20). Forfatterne sammen­ligner to tekster, Utdanningsdirektoratets høringsutkast datert mars 2019, og den fastsatte læreplanen for kroppsøving, datert november 2019. På bakgrunn av teori og forskning om læreplaner og forskning om kroppsøving gjennomfører forfatterne en tekstanalyse av disse tekstene og undersøker formuleringer/språkbruk og verb i tekst­delene om fagrelevans, verdier og prinsipper, kjerneelementer (ett), kompetansemål og vurderingstekster. Fra forskningen om læreplaner trekker artikkelen på forskjellen mellom innholdsbaserte og kompetansebaserte læreplanmodeller. I en kompetanse­basert læreplanmodell uttrykker verb hva som kan gjøres med et innhold. Innholdet i læreplanen for kroppsøving er i de analyserte tekstene gjerne formulert ved bruk av verb som er omdannet til substantiv. På bakgrunn av analysen diskuterer forfatterne hva det kan innebære for lærerne å skulle operasjonalisere fra planen til undervisning. For­fatterne diskuterer funnene og antyder at lærere kan møte utfordringer i det forestående arbeidet de skal gjøre for å sikre elever læring i fremtidens kroppsøvingsfag i LK20.

Nøkkelord: læreplanreform, kroppsøving, læreplanmodeller, verb, kompetansemål

Language use about physical education: A critical look at the new subject curriculum in Norway (LK20)

Abstract

Within the context of the Norwegian curriculum renewal reform in school subjects in 2020 (LK20), the authors investigate the curriculum for physical education. The authors compare two texts: the physical education subject curriculum that the Directorate for Education and Training submitted as a consultation draft to teachers, researchers, organisations, and public and private stakeholders in March 2019, and the final curriculum document, concluded in November 2019. Through a text analysis they investigate which formulations/language and verbs are used in the text sections on subject relevance, values and core elements (one), as well as competence goals and assessment texts for physical education. The authors conduct the analysis on the basis of theory and research on curricula, research on physical education and textual analysis. The article draws on curriculum theory on content-based and competence-based curriculum models. In a competence-based curriculum model, verbs express what can be done with a content. The content of the physical education subject curriculum is in the analysed texts formulated by using verbs that are transformed to nouns. Based on the analysis, the authors discuss how teachers can read and operationalise this curriculum. The authors discuss the findings and suggest that teachers may face challenges when deciding how to secure student learning in physical education in LK20.

Keywords: curriculum reform, physical education, curriculum models, verbs, competence goals
Development and Psychometric Testing of an Instrument to Assess the Role of Working While Studying
Authors: Manouchehri Houman , Imani Elham , Atashzadeh-Shoorideh Foroozan , Alavi-Majd Hamid
Published: July 2020

Background: A large number of nursing students work while studying to gain clinical experience, but there is not a standard tool to evaluate the clinical competence areas affected by working while studying. Objectives: The current study aimed at explaining the role of clinical work while studying in the clinical competence of novice nurses and the development of a valid and reliable instrument to measure it. Methods: The current study employed an exploratory sequential mixed method design in two steps. First, qualitative research was conducted using conventional content analysis on 45 participants. The semi-structured, in-depth interviews (nurses, head nurses, and nurse managers) were performed, and data were analyzed using the eight steps of Elo and Kyngas. Second, based on the categories extracted from the first phase of the study and review of literature, 215 items were designed and analyzed in a methodological process. Results: The results of the first phase consisted of three themes, including task rearing role, personality rearing role, and knowledge rearing role. Exploratory factor analysis leads to the formation of three factors: professional abilities with 18 items, individual abilities with seven items, and scientific and educational abilities with six items. Calculating Cronbach’s alpha coefficient confirmed high internal consistency in the scale (0.94). Conclusions: This tool could be used in teaching hospitals to evaluate the situation of working while studying in hospitals at different levels. With this tool, nursing managers can optimize educational environments and plan the workshops and training courses for nurses working in the departments in order to strengthen the qualifications of nursing students while working and graduating.
Imaging Features and Floating-Ice Sign of Primary Lymphoma of the Bone
Authors: Yu Bao-Hai , Sun Tao , Cao Lei , Han Shu-Man , Wu Wen-Juan , Gao Bu-Lang
Published: July 2020

Background: The imaging presentation of primary bone lymphoma is unclear. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the imaging presentations of primary bone lymphoma especially a specific “floating-ice” sign. Patients and Methods: Forty one patients with primary bone lymphoma confirmed by pathology with 27 males and 14 females and an age range of 2 - 76 (mean = 40) years were enrolled. The clinical and imaging data were analyzed. Results: The tumor involved long bones in 17 cases, flat bones in 12, spine in eight and irregular bones in four cases. The imaging presentations were divided into five types: infiltrative type in nine cases (22%), osteolytic in 14 cases (34.1%), osteosclerotic in four cases (9.8%), mixed in 11 cases (26.8%) including four cases with a “floating-ice” sign and cystic in three cases (7.3%). In plain radiography, only three of four long bone lesions in children had a varying degree of periosteal reaction. Among 20 cases with CT scanning, sixteen had soft tissue masses, seventeen had ill-defined margins, and three had well-defined margins with sclerotic rims. Among twelve patients with MRI, ten had soft tissue masses with well-defined margins. MRI demonstrated a greater extent of lesion than CT. In MRI T1 weighted image (T1 WI), isointense signal was seen in three cases, hypointense signal in five and mixed signal in four. In T2 WI, isointense and hypointense signal was detected in five cases, hyperintense signal in three and mixed hyperintense signal in four. Conclusion: Primary bone lymphoma occurs most frequently in long and flat bones as infiltrative osteolytic destruction, and combined plain radiographs, CT and MRI help obtain a correct diagnosis.
Acute Calcific Tendinitis of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris: A Big Mimicker and Unusual Cause of Wrist Pain with a Pictorial Review
Authors: Ghanaati Hossein , Makki Zohreh , Mardpour Saeid
Published: July 2020

: Calcific tendinitis of flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) at the wrist is an extremely rare cause of ulnar side pain of the wrist. Owing to the infrequency of this entity, most cases are misdiagnosed as other diseases such as fractures, tendinopathies or infection. We present a case of recent-onset ulnar side wrist pain and swelling with a normal radiography. This case was referred to the imaging clinic to obtain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to rule out Kienbock disease. Multimodality imaging examination confirmed the correct diagnosis of acute calcific tendinitis. After two weeks of rest, wrist immobilization by splinting and consumption of anti-inflammatories, the patient’s symptoms were resolved. To conclude, this case emphasizes the requirement of awareness about this uncommon but important cause of acute wrist pain and the need of applying imaging methods for an early and accurate diagnosis in order to avoid misdiagnosis and unwarranted treatments.
The Role of Vitamins on the Prevention and/or Treatment of COVID-19 Infection; a Systematic Review
Authors: Dehghani-Samani Amir , Kamali Mahsa , Hoseinzadeh-Chahkandak Fatemeh
Published: July 2020

Background: Vitamins had been reported repeatedly as important micronutrients, on immune system. Objectives: In this study roles of vitamins on immune system were discussed in detail, as well as their probable roles on the prevention/treatment of viral infections including COVID-19 infection. Method: Totally, 57 articles had been extracted from common indexing databases/websites, which were then classified to different main groups and subgroups. The roles of Vitamins on the prevention and/or treatment of COVID-19 infection had been also reviewed, and finally their contents had been purified and listed into different categorizations. Moreover, differential percentages of each vitamin related studies, differential percentages of studies on the association with COVID-19, and mechanisms of the vitamins effects on immune system had been reviewed for each vitamin. Results: In this study, the reviewed articles had been categorized into 5 main vitamin groups and 7 subgroups for vitamin B family groups. The most studied vitamin group was identified to be the B vitamins group followed by the vitamins A, D, and E groups that were ranked in next steps, respectively. However, in individual comparison of vitamins, vitamin A had been identified as the vitamin with maximum number of studies. Accordingly, more than half of these studies (66.66%) had focused on the immune-modulatory effects of vitamin D on the prevention and/or treatment of COVID-19 infection. Conclusions: Briefly, this study showed that, among all vitamins, roles of vitamin A, C, D, and E are more defined and maybe more effective on immune system, which emphasizes on the importance of vitamins in prevention of several viral infections like COVID-19. Therefore, sufficient vitamin intake can be recommended to prevent viral infections like COVID-19 infection.
Kodeskift i de udvandrerdanske varieteter i Nordamerika og Argentina: Inventar, frekvens, funktion
Authors: Heegård Petersen Jan , Kühl Karoline , Foget Hansen Gert
Published: July 2020

Denne artikel analyserer den leksikalske påvirkning af dansk talt af danske indvandrere og deres efterkommere i Argentina, USA og den lille by New Denmark i den canadiske provins New Brunswick i form af brug af engelske henholdsvis spanske ord og ordstammer i ellers dansk tale. Data stammer fra Corpus of American Danish (CoAmDa), og undersøgelsen er baseret på et inventar på i alt 880.668 tokens (dvs. ord og transskriptioner af talesprogsfænomener som fx tøven). Undersøgelsen viser kvantitative forskelle mellem de tre datasæt: Data fra USA indeholder flest ikke-danske ord, data fra Argentina færrest, mens de canadiske data falder indimellem. Også i forhold til ordklasser er de tre datasæt forskellige: Talerne fra Argentina bruger fortrinsvis substantiver og diskursord fra spansk, hvorimod USA-talerne i langt højere grad bruger kodeskift fra alle ordklasser. Også på dette punkt falder dataene fra New Denmark midtimellem. Argentina-talerne ledsager langt oftere spanske kodeskift med metakommentarer, fx som vi siger, og de spanske kodeskift forekommer hyppigere i forbindelse med tøvemarkeringer end i de to andre datasæt. Artiklen konkluderer at disse forskelle i hvordan dansk er leksikalsk påvirket af det dominerende sprog i de tre sprogsamfund, kan relateres dels til interviewmetodiske forhold og dels til graden af typologisk slægtskab, men mere sandsynligt til de forskellige makrosociale forhold som dansk har eksisteret under.
Multimodal displays of understanding in vocabulary-oriented sequences
Authors: Gudmundsen Jenny , Svennevig Jan
Published: July 2020

How do participants use multimodal means to display joint understanding after dealing with vocabulary problems in second language interactions? In this article, we investigate the resolution phase of vocabulary-oriented sequences, more specifically word searches, word explanation sequences and vocabulary checks. We argue that understanding is displayed not only by change-of-state tokens, but typically by a more encompassing multimodal gestalt involving facial expression, gestures, and torso movements. A central feature of this gestalt is what we propose to call the change-of-state face, which consists in raised eyebrows and widened eyes and is produced while the head and/or the torso is raised upwards. Typically, this display of a change-of-state is followed by further demonstrations of understanding, such as verbal and gestural repeats. Finally, the solution of the problem is often ‘celebrated’ by means of reciprocal smiling. Not all vocabulary-oriented sequences are equally successful. Facial expression and gesture may also be used to resist and question a proposal of a candidate solution to a word search or a request for an explanation. In this way, multimodal means are crucial to establishing the success of vocabulary-oriented sequences and returning to the main business of the talk.
A CA perspective on kills and deaths in Counter-Strike: Global Offensive video game play
Authors: Rusk Fredrik , Ståhl Matilda
Published: July 2020

The interest in studying multiplayer video game play has been growing since the mid-2000s. This is in part due to growing interest in games that are part of eSports settings such as Counter-Strike: Global Offensive (CS:GO), which is one of the main games within eSports, and is the video game that is studied in this paper. Studies of multiplayer video game play from a conversation analysis (CA) participant perspective appear to be scarce, although they are steadily becoming a legitimate topic in ethnomethodological conversation analytical (EMCA) studies. EMCA studies have mostly focused on aspects around the screen, and on how physically present players interact and draw upon resources both on- and off-screen. Some studies have taken the CA perspective further and blur the on-/off-screen dichotomy to better understand on-screen actions as social actions worthy of study. The aim of this article is to describe and gain new understanding of how participants socially organize their game play with a focus on sequentiality and accountability connected to “kills” (K) and “deaths” (D) in CS:GO. The social organizational structure of game play connected to K- and D-events in CS:GO can be described as a set of “rules” that participants orient to. In short, these rules appear to encompass communication efficiency: K-events are more often other-topicalized, and D-events are more often self-topicalized; spectating provides more sequential and temporal space for topicalization; and D-events are oriented to as more problematic events in need of further negotiation. In-and-through describing the social organization connected to K- and D-events from a participant’s perspective, it becomes evident that “killing” and “dying” in-game is not oriented to in a literal fashion. They are oriented to as frequent events that are basic parts of the game’s mechanics and of playing the game to win or lose.
Evaluating the Learning Performance of Emergency Procedures for Operators in Metro Based on a Cognition Model
Authors: Zhao Bobo , Tang Tao
Published: July 2020

With the rapid development of the automated metro, valid emergency procedures play a significant role for operators in metro emergency response and recovery. Also, the operators have a challenge to learn different emergency procedures under different automation grades of the metro. Hence, the paper aims to evaluate the learning performance of emergency procedures with regard to the operator. Based on the ACT-R cognitive theory, two decision patterns of the operators are proposed to predict the operator’s learning process for emergency procedures, and a cognition model including 16 production rules and 32 chunks to realize the perceptual encoding and the corresponding determining parts is built. After that, an experiment is further implemented to validate the model results.
Silenced Narratives on Schooling and Future: The Educational Situation for Roma Children in Norway
Authors: Hagatun Kari
Published: July 2020

This article explores how Roma pupils in Norway experience school. Using portraiture methodology, I narrate the experiences of Leah, Hannah and Maria, focusing on their situation before and after the transition from elementary to lower secondary school. The article demonstrates how children negotiate and are negotiated by, intersecting racializing and gendering structures, using decolonial perspectives. One key finding is the complexity in how the schools’ knowledge discourses, and subsequent practices and attitudes, play out in the girls’ agency. I emphasize the need to produce counter-narratives by identifying agency, rather than depicting Roma in positions as either exotic or marginalized. Overall, the article addresses how coloniality still produces and upholds structures of inequality that render groups like Roma as non-existent in education. Turning the lens towards the inadequacy of an educational system that struggles to recognize the need for radical structural change, the article challenges a strong metanarrative within research and public debate that depicts “the different Roma culture” as the main explanation to low educational attainment among Roma pupils. I argue that the agency of Roma in Norway, who historically have resisted formal education experienced as forced assimilation, represents a unique opportunity to critically examine and rethink how inclusion is understood and operationalized in schools. Thus, knowledge about how school is experienced by Roma pupils today constitutes a vital contribution to the needed effort to decolonialize the educational system.
Role of Vitamin E in Prevention of Breast Cancer: An Epidemiological Review
Authors: Haque Ripon Md. Sajjadul , Asadul Habib Mohammad , Hossain Miraz , Ahmed Nadim , Kibria Tanbir , Munira Shirajum , Hasan Kamrul
Published: July 2020

Breast cancer rates are so high among women in more developed countries, rates are increasing in almost every region of the world. In 2018, it is reported that 627,000 women died from breast cancer. Vitamin E is a common supplement characterized by its antioxidant potential effects on many chronic conditions that prevent free radicals from harming DNA, protein and cell membranes may serve as a part of cancer growth by reducing oxidative DNA alteration. The major forms of vitamin E as an anticancer agent, which acts as major antioxidants to regulate peroxidation reactions and control free-radical production within the body, are tocopherols and tocotrienols. Since Vitamin E had first acted as a non-antioxidant, α-tocopherol has inhibited smooth muscle proliferation activity and protein kinase C activity. Although tocotrienols are mostly investigated as antioxidant effects of tocotrienol, which plays an important role in reducing the damage to DNA by decreasing the by-product of lipid peroxidation. This study aims to investigate the connection between vitamin E and also the risk of breast cancer and the outcome is that some inverse relationship between vitamin E and breast cancer exists. There has been clear evidence that vitamin E reduces the risk of human cancer but our main focus is on breast cancer, seen in many prospective and retrospective case-control, cohort and intervention studies.
Assessment of Proximate Profile of Selected Fin and Shell Fish and Physicochemical Assessment of Water from Named Rivers in Ogoniland
Authors: Jumbo Adata A. , Wegwu M. O. , Belonwu D. C. , Okerenta B. M. Onyegeme-
Published: July 2020

Aims: This study investigated the physicochemical assessment of Rivers Kaa and Bodo in Ogoniland, as well as the proximate profile of selected fin and shell fish from these Rivers.

Study Design: Random sampling.

Place and Duration of Study: Kaa and Bodo communities of Ogoniland, between August and November 2014.

Methodology: The physicochemical analysis; pH, temperature (T), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity (C), salinity (S) and total hydrocarbon content (THC), were done. The results were compared to FEPA and APHA permissible limits. Proximate composition was determined using Association of Official Analytical Chemist standard analytical methods.

Results: Physicochemical analysis results showed that T (26.5±.010), (26.8±.006) and TSS (8.68±.006), (12.5±.006) for Kaa were lower than Bodo (sp≤0.05), S (7.20±.021), (8.40±.010) and THC (0.25±.015), (3.00±.040) were both lower for Kaa than Bodo, at (p≤0.05), BOD was higher for samples collected from Bodo than samples collected from Kaa (188±.234), (259±.690). The TDS and Conductivity were both higher for samples from Bodo than those from Kaa, while pH and DO were higher for samples collected from Kaa than samples collected from Bodo. The moisture content for all samples collected from Kaa (63.7±.289), (72.5±.488), (75.1±.973), (67.4±.455), were significantly lower at p≤0.05 than the moisture content for samples from Bodo (68.7±.514), (80.6±.476), (86.2±.790), (74.5±.514) indicating that the samples from Kaa are better sources of protein, lipid, and energy than samples from Bodo. The protein, lipid, crude fibre, ash and dry matter content of all samples from Kaa were significantly higher (p≤0.05) than those for samples from Bodo.

Conclusion: These findings suggest a contamination of the study sites particularly Bodo with petroleum products. Furthermore, it shows that the protein contents in all samples from Bodo were below the recommended standards, suggesting that the consumption of fishes from the study area particularly Bodo, is unhealthy.
Ameliorative Effect of the Methanol Extract of Napoleonae imperialis Leaves against Methotrexate-induced Renal Damage in Albino Rats
Authors: Mba O. J. , Aloh G. S. , Uhuo E. N.
Published: July 2020

Aim: This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of methanol extract of Napoleonae imperialis leaves against methotrexate renal damage in albino rats.

Methodology: Thirty (30) male albino rats of mean weight 130 g were used for this study. The animals for the study were grouped into five (5) of six (6) rats each. Group A (normal control) received feed and water only and Group B (positive control) was induced with methotrexate without treatment. Test groups (C and D) were orally given 250 mg and 500 mg/kg b.wt of leaves extract, and group E was orally given the extract only (500 mg/kg b.wt) respectively for 14 days. All the rats used in this study were initially subjected to renal damage using 0.5 ml/kg of methotrexate except the normal control group. The rats were sacrificed after 14 days and the blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis,

Results: From the result obtained, there was a significant (p< 0.05) decrease in the groups that received 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg b.wt of the plant extract in (Urea, Creatinine and Na+), and a significant increase (p< 0.05) in K+ and Cl-. Also there was a significant (p< 0.05) decrease in (Urea, Creatinine, and Na+) in comparison with the control groups and the group that received the extract only (500 mg/kg b.wt), and a significant increase (p< 0.05) in (K+ and Na+).

Conclusion: The study indicates that the methanol extract of Napoleonae imperialis leaves may have exerted renal functioning effects in albino rats, and may also be used pharmacologically in the management of organ toxicity.
Value Deficiency, Employment Generation and Crime among Youths in Nigeria: An Overview
Authors: Ukachukwu Chukwuma C. , Naetor Vincent M.
Published: July 2020

Value deficiency and crime among the youths reflects the plethora of contemporary societal challenges that appear to inhibit social progress and national development. This paper therefore discusses value deficiency, employment generation and crime among youths in Nigeria. It examines the relationship between value deficiency and crime among youths in Nigeria despite several government efforts at employment generation. This paper argues that, although employment is a critical requirement for youths to realize their potentialities and release their contributory efforts to national development, the burden of value deficiency appears to vitiate such efforts and propel youth towards increasing crime. The paper identifies factors such as degradation and relegation of values as the causes of value deficiency in the Nigeria society. This paper adopted the Social Impact Theory [1] to emphasize its points. Secondary data collected from previous researches and analysis of scholars to demonstrate the facts stated here were analyzed using the descriptive method. The study finds that value deficiency increases the incidence of crime among youths and vitiates the efforts at employment generation in Nigeria. It recommends among others that youth development strategies must necessarily include value re-orientation and further re-orientation programmes and this requires the active support of the family, the community and the government.
Enhancing Demulsification of Water-in-oil Emulsion by Eliminating Trace Value of Percentage Residual Water
Authors: Inyang Jude D. , Akpabio Julius U. , Etuk Benjamin R.
Published: July 2020

The elimination of residual free water and Basic Sediments (BS&W) after field demulsification process and characterization is being investigated with a diluent, to enhance field treatment for quality assurance and crude oil custody transfer. The American Standard for Testing Materials (ASTM) D 4007 is used as separation technique for three field emulsion samples from two Niger Delta basin oil facilities. After an initial bottle test, free water content in crude oil samples on arrival were 0.65%, 0.70% and 0.55% for samples A, B and C respectively. Tests and analysis were carried out at room temperature of 28°C and a water-bath temperature at 60°C. Maximum water separation efficiency of 91% was achieved at diluent and emulsion concentration ratio of 1:9 in first 60 minutes to 720 minutes. BS&W reduced from an average of 0.6% to 0.25%. Emulsion separation index (ESI) provided emulsion stability measurement of respective samples with a contrast between static-laboratory and field-dynamic conditions. From the study, sample B has API of 39 and ESI=40 while recording greater separation than in A and C crude oil samples. Hence, separation efficiency increased with the amount of xylene added and free water percentages reduced in top dry oil with significant changes in BS&W.
Serum Melatonin with Respect to Mental Health (Anxiety & Depression) Status of First Year M.B.B.S Students
Authors: Belsare Vinita H. , Tadas Arun , Agrawal Sanjay , Belsare Hrishikesh
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Melatonin is a pineal hormone secreted in circadian manner, with a peak during evening and night. Night-time light exposure is a powerful suppressor of nocturnal melatonin secretion. Dopamine and serotonin have complex relationship in melatonin synthesis and secretion. Reduced levels of melatonin have been associated with severe depression. Melatonin exhibits GABA-like effects may be responsible to reduce anxiety.

Objectives: To determine the Serum Melatonin levels with respect to bedtime and its correlation with the severity of anxiety and depression. Also, to find the difference in anxiety score, depression score and serum melatonin level with respect to gender.

Methods: A cross sectional study was done amongst first year medical students, and anxiety and depression score was calculated using Hamilton’s anxiety and depression scale. Estimation of Serum Melatonin was done on the fasting morning blood samples.

Results and Conclusion: The present study shows that there is no significant difference in melatonin secretion in the students with late bedtime. With the increasing severity of the anxiety the serum melatonin was found to be lower, but the difference was not statistically significant. Similar results were observed with depression. The results shows non-significant higher anxiety and depression scores in females as compared to males. The study results also shows the significant high levels of melatonin in males as compared to females. Low melatonin levels in females may be attributed to high anxiety and depression in females.
Protein Content of Brachiaria ruziziensis (Poaceae) under the Direct and Residual Effects of Fertilization with Hen Droppings
Authors: Jiope Azangue Gilles , Tendonkeng Fernand , Nguetsop Victor François , Wauffo David Fokom , Pamo Etienne Tedonkeng
Published: July 2020

Aim: A study was conducted at the Research and Experimental Farm (REF) of the University of Dschang between March 2015 and December 2016, and then at the Animal Nutrition Laboratory of the Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences. The objective of this study was to evaluate the direct and residual effects of fertilization with hen droppings on the protein content of Brachiaria ruziziensis at different phenological stages.

Methodology: A factorial design comprising five levels of fertilization in terms of nitrogen in the form of hen droppings (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg N/ha), and three phenological stages of cutting (bolting, flowering and after seed set) on 6 m2 plots (3 m x 2 m) in four replicates, i.e. a total of 60 experimental plots was used. Fertilization with hen droppings was done one month after the stump chips were grown in the first year of cultivation (direct effects). In the second year of cultivation (residual effects), no fertilization was applied. The total nitrogen content of the plant samples was determined by the Kjeldhal method and the crude protein contents were obtained by multiplying the nitrogen contents by the forage-specific coefficient of 6.25.

Results: This study showed that protein contents obtained under the direct effect were significantly higher than those obtained under the residual effect of fertilization. Fertilization at 100 kg N/ha resulted in the highest protein contents under direct and residual fertilization.

Conclusion: In view of the results obtained, fertilization with hen droppings at a dose of 100 kg N/ha would be recommended for the cultivation of B. ruziziensis in order to limit mineral fertilizer inputs and improve its protein content.