bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODEL HARBOUR WAVE FORM STUDIES BY SHORT RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Adams L. P. , Pos J. D.
Published: July 2010

The design and construction of a harbour in a hostile marine environment is a very expensive undertaking. Before embarking on such an exercise, the coastal engineer usually constructs a large model of the proposed harbour site based on topographic and hydrographic survey information. Various model breakwater and harbour configurations are then tested by subjecting them to the onslaught of artificially induced waveforms. As a result of these tests an optimum configuration for the real harbour can be designed.

This paper discusses the problem of measuring the wave heights in model harbours and gives details of a method of obtaining satisfactory stereophotography of the water surface and of the subsequent analysis of the stereopairs.

La construction d'un port dans un environnement marin hostile est une entreprise coûteuse. On commence généralement par bâtir une grande maquette à partir des données topographiques et hydrographiques. On teste ensuite divers modèles de digues et configurations du port en réaction à des houles artificielles, d'où on déduit une configuration optimale. On discute ici les façons de déterminer la hauteur des vagues artificielles, et celle d'obtenir des couples stéréoscopiques satisfaisants de la surface de l'eau; on donne des indications sur l'exploitation des clichés.

Die Planung und der Bau eines Hafens in einer komplizierten maritimen Umwelt ist ein sehr teures Unterfangen. Bevor ein solches Projekt zur Ausführung gelangt, konstruiert der Wasserbauer gewöhnlich ein grosses Modell der vorgeschlagenen Hafensituation auf der Grundlage topographischer und hydrographischer Messungen. Dann werden verschiedene Varianten von Wellenbrechern und Hafenformen getestet, indent man sie künstlich erzeugten Wellenformen aussetzt. Aus solchen Untersuchungen kann die optimale Hafenform gefunden werden. Im Artikel wird das Problem der Wellenhöhenmessungen in Hafenmodellen diskutiert, und es werden Details zur befriedigenden stereophotogrammetrischen Aufnahme der Wasseroberfläche und der anschliessenden Auswertung angegeben.
A DIGITAL SINGLE PHOTOGRAPH TECHNIQUE FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAPPING AND ITS APPLICATION TO MAP REVISION
Authors: Burnside C. D. , Walker A. S. , Hampton J. N. , Soffe G.
Published: July 2010

Much important archaeological information which is invisible to observers on the ground may be recorded on oblique aerial photographs, often taken with non‐metric cameras. There is a requirement to plot this information on existing topographic maps. The archaeological background is outlined and a digital single photograph mapping system, based on monocomparator, microcomputer and small flatbed plotter, is described. This system is inexpensive and can be used by archaeological personnel without expertise in either analytical photogrammetry or computer graphics. Hence it may be capable of a useful role in map revision; its potential for this purpose is discussed and refinements to overcome its limitations are proposed.

Une grande partie des informations archéologiques importantes qui restent invisibles à des observateurs sur le terrain, peut être saisie avec des photographies aériennes obliques, prises le plus souvent avec des chambres non‐métriques. Il est nécessaire de reporter ces informations sur les cartes topographiques existantes. Pour cela on dessine le fond archéologique sur le cliché et l'on utilise un système de cartographie numérique basé sur l'emploi d'une seule photographie, et comprenant un monocomparateur, un micro‐ordinateur et une petite table traçante à plat. Ce système est bon marché et peut être mis en oeuvre par du personnel archéologue n'ayant aucune compétence en photogrammétrie analytique ni dans les sorties graphiques d'ordinateur. Ce système peut jouer, à partir de là, un rôle utile dans la révision des cartes; ses possibilityés dans ce domaine font l'objet d'une discussion tandis que des améliorations destinées à dépasser ses limitations actuelles sont proposées.

Viele wichtige archäologische Informationen, die dem Betrachter im Gelände verborgen bleiben, können auf Schrägluftbildern, die oft mit Amateurkameras aufgenommen wurden, erkannt werden. Dazu besteht dann die Anforderung, solche Informationen auf vorhandene Karten zu übertragen. Der archäologische Hintergrund wird skizziert und für Einzelbilder ein digitales Auswerteverfahren beschrieben, das auf der Verwendung eines Monokomparators, eines Mikrorechners und eines kleinen Flachbettplotters beruht. Dieses System ist billig und kann durch Archäologen ohne jede Erfahrung in analytischer Photogrammetrie oder Digitalgraphik angewendet werden. Es kann auch sinnvoll für die Karlenergänzung sein. Seine Möglichkeiten dafür werden diskutiert und weitere Verbesserungen vorgeschlagen.
WAVE HEIGHTS IN THE SURF ZONE
Authors: Mitchell H. L.
Published: July 2010

The advantages and disadvantages of measuring ocean wave heights in the surf zone by using terrestrial photogrammetry are outlined. Difficulties arising from a lack of control points can be overcome by using the apparent horizon to provide camera orientations about two axes, provided that the apparent horizon is the sea surface and that an unconventional orientation of the camera axis system is adopted. Following practical tests and error simulation studies, height differences were determined for 12 points in the breaking wave zone off a Newcastle (New South Wales) beach. It is hoped that the method can be developed as a convenient means of collecting wave data.
COMPACT AIR FILM PROCESSORS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
Authors: Danlxi R. C. A.
Published: July 2010

The essential features of equipment for mobile processing are outlined with reference to the development of small photographic laboratory vehicles for use in the Jield. The resulting air film processor, the Wainco Products Limited 392. is described and details are given of trials carried out to establish its performance for a range of tasks in both reconnaissance and survey. The tests cover the sensitometric and drying behaviour of several air films in current use and include an analysis of the dimensional stability o f j l m in the processor. Applications using direrent containers and eflectiveness in improvised situations are also described and possible future variants of the processor are suggested.
PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Gates J. W. C.
Published: July 2010

An individual view is provided of the function of the art and science of photogrammetry, over the whole of the history of attempts to make measurements from optical observations. The predominating influence, in past years, of the need for mapping from air photographs is compared with the prospect that increasing demands for similar facilities in close range measurement, for application in fields such as mechanical engineering, medicine and architecture, may soon be seen to give further encouragement to the development of the subject. The author makes use of illustrations from his experience to point out simple cases where the potential of photogrammetric techniques, in the wider sense, has not been appreciated.
DEFORMATION MEASUREMENT BY PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Cooper M. A. R.
Published: July 2010

The application of phorogrammetry to the measurement of deformation is discussed and four different approaches are identified and compared. References to and summaries of recent work are made.
ON LINE DATA PROCESSING FOR THE PI‐1A MONOCOMPARATOR USING THE BBC MICROCOMPUTER
Authors: Mayes M. H.
Published: July 2010

The use of small computers for on line data processing in photogrammetry has developed from the desktop calculators of the early 1970s to the microcomputers of today. The restrictions of machine code programming, small memory and limited display have been overcome. Software has been written for the PI‐1A monocomparator using the BBC microcomputer for a calibration test, relative orientation, and strip formation and adjustment in the on line mode. This low cost system is suitable for training inexperienced operators or students in analytical photogrammetry, with the sequence of observation guided by operator prompts and with error checking computations displayed. Re‐observations can be made on line and acceptable observations stored for input to the strip adjustment program or subsequent block adjustment.
EXPERIENCES WITH ANALYTICAL PLOTTERS
Authors: McKay W. M. , Dowman I. J. , Farrow J. E.
Published: July 2010

Three authors, representing commercial, educational and governmental photogrammetric organisations, report on their initial uses of analytical plotters.
PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN ENGINEERING
Authors: Welsh N.
Published: July 2010

The National Engineering Laboratory (NEL) has considerable experience in using photogrammetry to solve diffcult engineering measurement problems. Applications of close range photogrammetry sometimes have to be carried out using cameras which are not specifically designed for such applications. The calibration techniques used to determine the camera parameters in these cases are discussed and satisfactory solutions demonstrated. Seven examples of the value of photogrammetry in engineering are cited to show that photogrammetry is a valuable non‐contacting measurement tool, particularly when dynamic events have to be quantified.
EDUCATION IN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Burnside C. D.
Published: July 2010

In this paper, the author discusses some of his experiences of the past 20 years as a lecturer in photogrammetry and surveying. Comment is made upon the relationship between training and education but with some greater emphasis on the educational topic, and on the role of the lecturer. The final section discusses those elements of a course in photogrammetry which have a strong educational content.
PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN THE ORDNANCE SURVEY: 1972–1986
Authors: Farrow J. E.
Published: July 2010

Following a period of considerable debate and change in the organisation of the Ordnance Survey, the use of photogrammetric methods and equipment in the support of its mapping tasks during the period 1972–1986 is reviewed.
ANALYTICAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY APPLIED TO NEPALESE SLOPE MORPHOLOGY
Authors: Chandler J. H. , Clark J. S. , Cooper M. A. R. , Stirling D. M.
Published: July 2010

Site procedures and methods of analytical close range photogrammetry are described. The derived data are discussed in relation to the geomorphology of unstable hill slopes in Nepal. Acquisition of low cost multispectral aerial photography for a study of overall slope erosion is also described.
PARALLAX BAR HEIGHT MEASUREMENTS FROM LARGE FORMAT CAMERA PHOTOGRAPHY
Authors: Lo C. P.
Published: July 2010

The accuracy of heighting from Large Format Camera (LFC) stereo‐photographs of the New England area was evaluated using a conventional mirror stereoscope equipped with × 6 binocular eyepieces and a precision parallax bar. It was discovered that a large differential ω had to be removed before acceptable height results could be obtained. Enlarged portions of the LFC photographs covering city areas of Boston, Massachusetts and Providence, Rhode Island could be used to produce accurate height results. It was concluded that analogue mapping from LFC photography using simple instruments could be economically carried out at a scale of 1:100000 or smaller, with a contour interval of 100 m to 120 m.
CENSUS OF GREY SEALS BY AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY
Authors: Hiby A. R. , Thompson D. , Ward A. J.
Published: July 2010

The factors determining resolution in aerial photography of wildlife concentrations are considered and two developments that improve resolution with inexpensive equipment are described. Firstly, a rocking camera mount has been constructed that compensates for apparent image motion resulting from forward movement of the aircraft. The mount allows slower shutter speeds to be used so that aerial surveys can be conducted using high resolution colour film under poor light conditions. Secondly, critical prefocusing to the survey flying height is carried out, even for lenses of short focal length. Aerial photography of grey seal breeding colonies is used to illustrate these developments.
AERIAL TRIANGULATION FOR CONTROL PROVISION
Authors: Proctor D. W.
Published: July 2010

The author has been involved in aerial triangulation, in various capacities, for some 27 years. This period has seen some very significant changes worthy of remark. This essay is a general review of that period; it does not go into detail and no formulae are quoted. The idea has been to look at the more notable developments, skipping the earlier and well documented period in favour of more recent times, particularly as regards the references. The objective will have been achieved if it provides a starting point, indicating further reading, for those who wish to study the subject in greater depth.
INTEGRATED DIGITAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Brand M. J. D.
Published: July 2010

The paper reviews technological developments since the Second World War and their impact as catalysts in developing the concept of digital information systems. The case for, and progress towards, the establishment of a Geographic Information System for Northern Ireland is discussed together with consideration of the possible implications elsewhere based on the experience gained in Northern Ireland.

“There is a tide in the affairs of men which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune.”

Brutus in Julius Caesar, Act IV Scene iii (William Shakespeare)
TERRAIN AND SURFACE MODELLING SYSTEMS: THEORY AND PRACTICE
Authors: McCullagh M. J.
Published: July 2010

This paper presents a critical investigation of those parts of digital mapping that relate to the specific area of terrain modelling systems. In addition, image processing and database systems are considered where they impinge on model creation or later analysis. The theoretical basis for surface mapping systems is described and an attempt is made to determine how best such systems can cover many of the practical requirements of commercial, industrial, and institutional surveyors and researchers. Some proprietary computer terrain modelling systems are mentioned where they have particular features that relate to the theme of the paper. However, most of the examples are derived from Panacea, the terrain modelling software written by the author, although in many cases any major modelling system could have been used.
BUNDLE TRIANGULATION IN ARCHITECTURAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY: THE BASILICA OF SAN FRANCESCO IN SIENA
Authors: Kotowski R. , Peipe J. , Wester‐Ebbinghaus W.
Published: July 2010

Bundle triangulation is an efficient tool for spatial point determination in architectural photogrammetry. All the information available in image and object space may be introduced in a combined adjustment yielding high precision and reliability. Camera calibration performed simultaneously with the object restitution process enables the application of convenient and flexible imaging systems based on professional photographic technology. Thus the survey of monuments can be carried out rapidly with a minimum of personnel and equipment. The photogrammetric recording of the basilica of San Francesco in Siena is presented as an example of the application of this survey procedure. The field work was accomplished in a few days. The equipment used consisted of a partial metric camera, an engineering theodolite and a tape. The bundle adjustment results gave spatial object co‐ordinates with a r.m.s.e. of ± 15 mm for a point.
AN APPLICATION OF CLOSE RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN SHIPBUILDING
Authors: Cochrane J.
Published: July 2010

A test was devised to measure the distortion of a ship section during and after a crane lift. As the shipbuilders expend significant man hours and costs in carrying out adjustments to fit ship sections together after lifting, it was hoped that information gained from the test could be used to make design adjustments to ensure a better fit. The test was carried out by BKS Surveys Ltd. and Harland and Wolff Ltd., the Belfast shipbuilders.
THE EXTRACTION OF POSITIONAL DATA FROM HISTORICAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO GEOMORPHOLOGY
Authors: Chandler J. H. , Cooper M. A. R.
Published: July 2010

A technique which enables spatial data to be obtained from historical photography is outlined. The method is applied to a 40 year sequence of oblique aerial photography of the Black Ven landslide in Dorset, England. Some of the possible data processing options are discussed and illustrated by some preliminary results produced from the Dorset landslide.
STATISTICAL CONCEPTS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND SURVEYING (CONTINUED)
Authors: Cooper M. A. R. , Cross P. A.
Published: July 2010

Inner constraints, generalised matrix inverses and S‐transformations are described in relation to least squares estimation of spatial positions. A simple example is used to illustrate some of the theory. The various roles and properties of covariance functions and matrices are presented with a discussion of their practical determination and use in least squares interpolation and collocation.
PASS PROCESSING AND EXTRAPOLATION OF SPOT IMAGE GEOMETRY
Authors: Westin T.
Published: July 2010

A mathematical model for pass processing of SPOT imagery is formulated. It is based on the fact that during one pass, the image data stream from each of the instruments in SPOT forms one single very long image. The geometry of this extended image can thus be rectified with as few control points as for only one scene if orbital constraints and attitude measurements are properly taken into consideration. SPOT imagery is, however, not available as this single long image, but only sectioned into scenes. This creates problems which are accounted for in the solution. The possibility of gaps in the sequence of scenes is also taken into consideration. Extrapolation over gaps is of special interest and, by investigating attitude variability, it is shown that extrapolation is successful over multiple scene gaps which is also verified in a real data test.
Registration of terrestrial laser scanner data using imagery
Authors: Al‐Manasir Khalil , Fraser Clive S.
Published: July 2010

At the present time there is a considerable amount of development interest in the use of terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) data for 3D reconstruction and modelling in the fields of heritage recording and plant documentation. TLS technology produces point clouds of very high density in a very short time. When surveying an object of complex geometry, multiple scans are typically required to generate an occlusion‐free 3D model. The principal task associated with building 3D models from laser scanner data in such cases is to transform the scan data from the sensor's local coordinate system into a uniform Cartesian reference datum. This is necessary in order to join the multiple point clouds. This paper presents a registration procedure for TLS data whereby the exterior orientations of the TLS stations are determined via photogrammetry. The images from a digital camera mounted on top of the laser scanner are used first to relatively orient the network of images and then transfer this orientation to the TLS stations to provide exterior orientation and thus a one‐step registration of the point clouds from each scanner position. Test results obtained with the proposed approach are presented to highlight its efficiency and accuracy.
Direct retrieval of exterior orientation parameters using a 2D projective transformation
Authors: Seedahmed Gamal H.
Published: July 2010

Direct solutions are very attractive because they obviate the need for initial approximations associated with non‐linear solutions. The direct linear transformation (DLT) establishes itself as a method of choice for direct solutions in photogrammetry and other fields. The use of the DLT with coplanar object space points leads to a rank deficient model. This rank deficient model leaves the DLT defined up to a 2D projective transformation, which makes the direct retrieval of the exterior orientation parameters (EOPs) a non‐trivial task. This paper presents a novel direct algorithm to retrieve the EOPs from the 2D projective transformation. It is based on a direct relationship between the 2D projective transformation and the collinearity model using homogenous coordinates. This representation offers a direct matrix correspondence between the 2D projective transformation parameters and the collinearity model parameters. This correspondence lends itself to a direct matrix factorisation to retrieve the EOPs. An important step in the proposed algorithm is a normalisation process that provides the actual link between the 2D projective transformation and the collinearity model. This paper explains the theoretical basis of the proposed algorithm as well as the necessary steps for its practical implementation. In addition, numerical examples are provided to demonstrate its validity.
Image‐based 3D Modelling: A Review
Authors: Remondino Fabio , El‐Hakim Sabry
Published: July 2010

In this paper the main problems and the available solutions are addressed for the generation of 3D models from terrestrial images. Close range photogrammetry has dealt for many years with manual or automatic image measurements for precise 3D modelling. Nowadays 3D scanners are also becoming a standard source for input data in many application areas, but image‐based modelling still remains the most complete, economical, portable, flexible and widely used approach. In this paper the full pipeline is presented for 3D modelling from terrestrial image data, considering the different approaches and analysing all the steps involved.
A geometric model for linear‐array‐based terrestrial panoramic cameras
Authors: Schneider Danilo , Maas Hans‐Gerd
Published: July 2010

Digital panoramic cameras represent a powerful tool for generating high resolution images of scenes. They generate images of up to 100 000 × 10 000 pixels and are especially suited for 360° recording of objects such as indoor scenes or city squares. The paper describes the development of a strict geometric model for rotating linear array panoramic cameras and the extension of the model by additional parameters adapting the camera model to the physical reality. The camera model has been implemented in a spatial resection and a bundle solution. The bundle solution also allows for the combined handling of panoramic and central perspective images. In several practical tests a potential accuracy of around ¼ pixel was demonstrated.
Visibility prediction based on artificial neural networks used in automatic network design
Authors: Saadatseresht Mohammad , Varshosaz Masood
Published: July 2010

Automatic design of photogrammetric networks is a complex task for which the visibility and quality constraints need to be both modelled and satisfied simultaneously. The task becomes even more complex when measurements are carried out for the first time on a large and/or complex object surrounded by multiple obstructions in a confined workspace. In this situation, automatic visibility prediction of a target point becomes an extremely difficult task. The visibility information inherent within the initial photogrammetric network can be used to solve this problem. However, this introduces some uncertainty into the prediction result because of the incompleteness of the visibility information. In a previous study, the authors developed an analytical deterministic method, visibility uncertainty prediction (VUP), that used ‘‘visibility spheres’’ to predict the visibility of target points. This paper investigates the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in visibility prediction, and presents a new technique, ANN‐based visibility uncertainty prediction (AVUP), that works by training a feed‐forward multi‐layer ANN. The visibility data for this network is extracted from the initial photogrammetric network. Once trained, the network can be used to predict the visibility of any target point from a potential camera station. Various experiments were carried out to evaluate the proposed technique. The results showed that, compared to the previous deterministic method, it is more accurate and has a lower computational cost.
Lichen Striatus
Authors: Kennedy Debra , Rogers Maureen
Published: July 2010

Abstract: Lichen striatus is a self‐limiting inflammatory condition of unknown etiology in which the lesions follow the lines of Blaschko. We report a series of 61 cases of this condition in children, describing the clinical features, age distribution, and season of onset. The preponderance of cases in the preschool‐age group and onset in the spring and summer months support the hypothesis of an environmental agent, possibly an infection, in the etiology of the condition.
Childhood Granulomatous Periorificial Dermatitis
Authors: Knautz Mark A. , Lesher Jack L.
Published: July 2010

Abstract: A case of childhood granulomatous periorificial dermatitis is described. This disorder occurs predominantly in prepubertal black children and is characterized by a monomorphous, papular eruption occurring around the mouth, nose, and eyes. It is benign and self‐limited. Treatment may include topical metronidazole in young patients and tetra‐cycline in those over 8 years of age.
Eccrine Angiomatous Hamartoma: Report of Three Patients
Authors: Smith V. C. , Montesinos E. , Revert A. , Ramon D. , Molina I. , Jorda E.
Published: July 2010

Abstract: Eccrine angiomatous hamartoma is a rare, benign entity. The histologic features include proliferation of eccrine sweat glands and angiomatous capillary channels. We report three children who each had a single lesion on a limb. These lesions were clinically angiomatous, and we obtained the diagnosis by histologic and immunohistochemical studies.
The Preventive Effect of Oral EGCG in a Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Mouse Model
Authors: Long Ling , Li Yi , Wang Yi Dong , He Qing Yu , Li Mei , Cai Xiao Dong , Peng Kou , Li Xiang Pen , Xie Dan , Wen Yan Ling , Yin De Ling , Peng Ying
Published: July 2010

Background: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a challenging public health problem. Previous studies have found an association between FASD and oxidative stress. In the present study, we assessed the role of oxidative stress in ethanol‐induced embryonic damage and the effect of (‐)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), a powerful antioxidant extracted from green tea, on the development of FASD in a murine model.

Methods: Pregnant female mice were given intraperitoneal ethanol (25%, 0.005 to 0.02 ml/g) on gestational day 8 (G8) to establish the FASD model. On G10.25, mice were sacrificed and embryos were collected and photographed to determine head length (HL), head width (HW), and crown rump length (CRL). For mice given EGCG, administration was through a feeding tube on G7 and G8 (dose: 200, 300, or 400 mg/kg/d, the total amount for a day was divided into 2 equal portions). G10.25 embryos were evaluated morphologically. Brain tissues of G9.25 embryos were used for RT‐PCR and western blotting of neural marker genes and proteins and detection of oxidative stress indicators.

Results: Administration of ethanol to pregnant mice on G8 led to the retardation of embryonic growth and down‐regulation of neural marker genes. In addition, administration of ethanol (0.02 ml/g) led to the elevation of oxidative stress indicators [hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA)]. Administration of EGCG on G7 and G8 along with ethanol on G8 ameliorated the ethanol‐induced growth retardation. Mice given EGCG (400 mg/kg/d) along with ethanol had embryo sizes and neural marker genes expression similar to the normal controls. Furthermore, EGCG (400 mg/kg on G7 and G8) inhibited the increase in H2O2and MDA.

Conclusions: In a murine model, oxidative stress appears to play an important role in ethanol‐induced embryonic growth retardation. EGCG can prevent some of the embryonic injuries caused by ethanol.
Modulation of serum gastric parietal cell antibody level by levamisole and vitamin B12 in oral lichen planus
Authors: Lin H‐P , Wang Y‐P , Chia J‐S , Chiang C‐P , Sun A
Published: July 2010

Oral Diseases (2010) 17, 95–101

Objectives:  The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of three different treatment modalities on the reduction of serum anti‐gastric parietal cell autoantibody (GPCA) level in GPCA‐positive oral lichen planus (OLP) patients.

Materials and methods:  Of 147 GPCA‐positive OLP patients, 100 were treated with levamisole plus vitamin B12, 10 with vitamin B12 only and 37 with levamisole only. The serum GPCA levels in 147 OLP patients were measured at baseline and after treatment.

Results:  Treatment with levamisole plus vitamin B12 for a period of 2–50 months and treatment with vitamin B12 only for a period of 4–44 months could effectively reduce the high serum GPCA level to undetectable level in 100 and 10 OLP patients, respectively. However, treatment with levamisole only for a period of 2–50 months could not modulate the high mean serum GPCA titer to a significantly lower level in 37 OLP patients. A 92% GPCA recurrence rate was found in 25 OLP patients receiving no further vitamin B12 treatment during the GPCA‐negative remission period.

Conclusion:  For GPCA‐positive OLP patients, treatment modality containing vitamin B12 can effectively reduce the high serum GPCA level to undetectable level. OLP patients with underlying autoimmune atrophic gastritis trait should receive a maintenance vitamin B12 treatment for life.
Prevalence and risk indicators of oral mucosal lesions in an urban population from South Brazil
Authors: Carrard VC , Haas AN , Rados PV , Filho MS , Oppermann RV , Albandar JM , Susin C
Published: July 2010

Oral Diseases(2011)17, 171–179

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions (OML) and to perform a multivariable risk assessment of demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, and oral risk indicators for its occurrence in an urban population in South Brazil.

Methods: This cross‐sectional study selected 1586 subjects (719M/867F, age: 14–104 years) using a multistage probability sampling strategy (65.1% response rate). Prevalence, odds ratios (OR), and confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated accounting for the survey design.

Results: Leukoplakia and lichen planus were observed in 1.01% and 1.02% of subjects, respectively. In the multivariable analysis, these lesions were significantly associated with moderate/heavy smoking (OR = 9.0, 95% CI = 2.1–39.1) and heavy drinking (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.1–3.7). Candidiasis and proliferative lesions were observed in 14.09% and 3.80% of the subjects, respectively. These lesions were significantly associated with female gender (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.5–3.2 and OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.0–2.8), older age (OR = 22, 95% CI = 8.0–60.8 and OR = 8.9, 95% CI = 3.4–23.7), and low socioeconomic status (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.0–3.5 and OR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.2–7.2).

Conclusions: This population is in need of OML prevention and treatment. Future studies should validate the findings that premalignant lesions are causally related to smoking and alcohol consumption, and that other OML are associated with socioeconomic‐demographic disparities in this and similar populations.
Oral rinse MMP‐8 point‐of‐care immuno test identifies patients with strong periodontal inflammatory burden
Authors: Leppilahti JM , Ahonen M‐M , Hernández M , Munjal S , Netuschil L , Uitto V‐J , Sorsa T , Mäntylä P
Published: July 2010

Oral Diseases (2010) 17, 115–122

Objective:  To determine whether oral rinse matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐8 levels, measured by three different methods, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloprotease‐1 (TIMP‐1) levels and elastase activity differentiate subjects with different periodontal condition; and second, to find out if MMP‐8 levels were comparable among the methods used.

Methods:  MMP‐8 levels were analysed with an immunofluorometric method (IFMA), dentoELISA and commercial ELISA. Also TIMP‐1 levels and elastase activity were measured. For statistical analysis 214 study subjects were categorized into four groups, specified by the presence and number of moderate (4–5 mm) and deep (≥6 mm) periodontal pockets, and bleeding on probing percentage.

Results:  MMP‐8 levels especially measured by dentoELISA and adjusted to the number of teeth per subject differentiated the study group with strong periodontal inflammatory burden from groups with lower levels. This was also verified with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Elastase activity associated with higher IFMA and dentoELISA MMP‐8 levels. IFMA MMP‐8/TIMP and dentoELISA MMP‐8/TIMP‐1 tended to be higher with the increasing level of periodontal inflammatory burden. TIMP‐1 levels decreased with increasing age.

Conclusions:  Oral rinse MMP‐8 together with TIMP‐1 analysis may have potential in complementary periodontal diagnostics. dentoELISA can be applied in quantitative oral rinse chair side biomarker diagnostics.
Plasma and saliva levels of nerve growth factor and neuropeptides in chronic migraine patients
Authors: Jang M‐U , Park J‐W , Kho H‐S , Chung S‐C , Chung J‐W
Published: July 2010

Oral Diseases (2011) 17, 187–193

Objectives:  To investigate the level and interrelationship of nerve growth factor (NGF) and sensory neuropeptides [substance P (SP), calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP)] in plasma and saliva of chronic migraine patients, and to analyze the association between pain intensity and their concentration.

Materials and methods:  Plasma and resting whole saliva were collected from 33 chronic migraine patients and 36 control subjects. NGF, SP, and CGRP concentrations were measured by enzyme immunoassay and pain intensity of each subject was measured using the Graded Chronic Pain Scale.

Results:  Chronic migraine patients showed higher NGF and neuropeptide levels in both plasma and saliva compared to the control subjects. Plasma NGF, and plasma and saliva levels of SP and CGRP were highly associated with pain intensity. There was a significant positive correlation between NGF and both neuropeptide levels in plasma, and between the neuropeptide levels in both plasma and saliva. Plasma levels of SP and CGRP were significantly correlated with their saliva level.

Conclusions:  The increased production of NGF and sensory neuropeptides may play an important role in the maintenance of pain in chronic migraine and analysis results of human saliva could act as an index of disease state and therapeutic outcome.
THE BOOK SHELF
Authors: Bailey Franklin C.
Published: July 2010

Books Reviewed in this Article:

1. Bach, George R., and Peter Wyden. The Intimate Enemy.

2. Berne, Eric. Principles of Group Treatment.

3. Deutch, Ronald M. The Key to Feminine Sexual Response In Marriage.

4. Lederer, William J., and Don D. Jackson. The Mirages of Marriage.

5. McCary, James Leslie. Human Sexuality.

6. Peterson, James A. Married Love in the Middle Years.
THE BOOK SHELF
Authors: Hulbert E. Ronald
Published: July 2010

FAMILY ROLES AND INTERACTION: AN ANTHOLOGY Edited by Jerold Heiss

TEACHING MULTI‐CULTURAL POPULATIONS: FIVE HERITAGES Edited by James C. Stone & Donald P. DeNevi

CURRENT PSYCHOTHERAPIES Edited by Raymond Corsini

A GUIDE TO PSYCHOLOGISTS AND THEIR CONCEPTS Vernon J. Nordby & Calvin S. Hall
THE BOOKSHELF
Authors: Hulbert E. Ronald
Published: July 2010

THE FIRST INTERVIEW WITH THE FAMILY Helm Stierlin, lngeborg Rucker‐Embden, Norbert Wetzel and Michael Wirsching

HANDBOOK OF FAMILY THERAPY Allan S. Gurman, Ph.D., and David P. Kniskern, Psy.D.

HELPING COUPLES CHANGE Richard B. Stuart

CREATIVE MARRIAGE: MAKING YOUR MARRIAGE WORK IN THE 80's Me1 Krantzler
THE BOOKSHELF
Authors: Hulbert E. Ronald
Published: July 2010

Books reviewed in this article:

SHARING PARENTHOOD AFTER DIVORCE Ciji Ware

FOUNDATIONS OF FAMILY THERAPYLynn Hoffman

Mediation of Child Custody and Visitation Disputes(Eds) Hugh Mclsaac, M.S.W. and Jeanne Ames

MARITAL CRISIS AND SHORT‐TERM COUNSELING‐A CASEBOOKDorothy R. Freeman
THE BOOKSHELF
Authors: Hulbert E. Ronald
Published: July 2010

book shelf in this articles

Successful Marriage: A Family Systems Approach to Couples Therapy, By Robert Beavers

Psychotherapeutic Change, By Alvin R. Mahrer
THE BOOKSHELF
Authors: Hulbert E. Ronald
Published: July 2010

Book Review in this article

THE DIVORCE REVOLUTION: The Unexpected Social and Economic Consequences for Women and Children In America, Lenore Weitzman

IN THE INTEREST OF CHILDREN: ADVOCACY, LAW REFORM, AND PUBLIC POLICY, Robert A. Burt, David L. Chambers and Michael S. Wald Stephen D. Sugarman, Franklin E. Zimring and Rayman L. Solomon
JOINT CUSTODY AND THE PRESCHOOL CHILD
Authors: McKinnon Rosemary , Wallerstein Judith S.
Published: July 2010

A longitudinal study of 25 families, with children aged 14 months—5 years, in joint custody, is reported. Varying motivations that lead divorcing parents to undertake and sustain joint custody are discussed, together with the stresses and gratifications of these arrangements for the parents and children. Findings are that where both parents are motivated primarily by interest in the child, where the parenting is sensitive and where the child is shielded from interparental conflict, young children do well. Such families were not the majority in this study. Significant differences emerged in the adjustment of the 1–3 age group as compared with the 3–5 age group which point to greater difficulties for the 3–5 year‐olds.
MEDIATION READINESS
Authors: Fuhr Jeffrey
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

A review and sampling critique of mediation outcome studies undertaken is presented. The need to develop empirically sound measures capable of discriminating between those couples ready for mediation, and those who are not, is identified. Finally, a description of two such measures in the developmental process is presented.
SPOUSAL CONSENSUS ON THE DIVORCE DECISION AND MEDIATION OUTCOME
Authors: Mathis Richard D. , Yingling Lynelle C.
Published: July 2010

This study examined the relationship between spousal consensus on the decision to divorce and mediation outcome. Based largely on clinical experience and deductive reasoning, the conceptual literature has held that low consensus is negatively related to success in divorce mediation. To empirically explore this relationship, 72 families beginning court‐ordered divorce mediation were asked whether they agreed that divorce was the best way out of their problems. Statistical analysis of their responses as they related to the outcome of mediation did not support the conceptual literature. No significant relationship was found between spousal consensus on the divorce decision and mediation outcome, a finding which agrees with the limited empirical research. This indicated that mediation is more tolerant of spousal nonconsensus than had been assumed in the divorce mediation literature.
MEDIATIVE STRATEGIES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE MATTERS
Authors: Benjamin Robert D.
Published: July 2010

This article presents the theoretical importance and practical applications of mediative strategies in family conflicts where sexual abuse allegations are involved. Traditional approaches often further the breakdown of the family and harm the children. The linear nature of the legal system in which these conflicts are played out, the strong moral and cultural influences in issues concerning sexuality, and the approach of the professionals involved are factors considered. When multiple professionals intrude simultaneously on a family, there is severe disruption of the boundaries and internal hierarchy of the system. The process of mediation allows for effective conflict management because it is premised on systemic problem solving. The article catalogues specific mediative skills, strategies, and techniques that can be applied. It also encourages the use and incorporation of mediation in court systems to more effectively manage family conflicts such as divorce and juvenile matters, where sexual abuse is often alleged.
CONFIDENTIAL MINI‐EVALUATION
Authors: Mosten Forrest S.
Published: July 2010

This article describes the use of a very focused, concentrated, one day child custody evaluation process. This process is structured and interactive. The author has used this method in resolving several custody disputes and contends that this method yields accurate, meaningful results with minimum disruption and cost to the parties.
WOMEN'S AND MEN'S VIEWS OF MEDIATION IN VOLUNTARY AND MANDATORY MEDIATION SETTINGS
Authors: Kelly Joan B. , Duryee Mary A.
Published: July 2010

This article reports findings regarding women in mediation from a combined group of 184 persons who received mediation services from the Alameda County Superior Court Family Court Services or the Northern California Mediation Center. This empirical study refutes many of the criticisms of mediation by some feminist critics of the process.
AND HOW ARE THE CHILDREN?
Authors: Bruch Carol S.
Published: July 2010

Recent innovations in American child custody law have affected both the substantive law and the procedures by which custody decisions are reached. Professor Bruch describes these developments, analyses their underpinnings in psychology and ideology, and identifies both intended and unrecognized effects of the dispute resolution process on the custody decision. She concludes that many new doctrines and procedures that have been widely assumed to benefit children, including joint custody and mediation, often disserve children's interests.
FAMILIES IN TRANSITION
Authors: Roeder‐Esser Carol
Published: July 2010

This article describes one of the first mandatory divorce orientations in the country. Beginning in 1976, this program has served as the model for other highly successful programs throughout North America. The program helps couples deal with the psychological and social divorces as well as the legal divorce. It also provides information for parents about how to tell their children and to monitor the effect of divorce on their children's lives.
ENABLING CHILDREN OF DIVORCE TO WIN
Authors: Schwartz Lita Linzer
Published: July 2010

Divorce mediators, attorneys, judges, and psychologists approach the issues in marriage dissolution from disparate vantage points. Legal niceties, actuarial acrobatics, and egosaving mechanisms tend to dominate the proceedings. Too often, however, some of the professionals have neither the training nor the experience to recognize the potential impact of such decisions on the children of divorce. The children rarely have an advocate whose sole task it is to make certain that their “best interests” are truly served. Questions are raised and suggestions for research are offered in an effort to reduce children's victimization and enable them to emerge as winners.
EXAMINING THE CONNECTION BETWEEN CHILD ACCESS AND CHILD SUPPORT
Authors: Pearson Jessica , Anhalt Jean
Published: July 2010

This article examines the connection between fathers' access to children and their maintaining child support. Also examined are various approaches to obtaining compliance with support orders. The effect of various factors on payment of support, such as frequency of contact, remarriage, and the length of time since the separation, is analyzed.
MEDIATION AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
Authors: Thoennes Nancy , Salem Peter , Pearson Jessica
Published: July 2010

This article summarizes policies and procedures used by various courts in the United States in responding to domestic violence. Over 200 courts and services were contacted under a grant from the State Justice Institute in developing this survey. The article covers the profile of mediation services, mediator training regarding domestic violence, screening for domestic violence and protocols used.
DIVORCE MEDIATION AMONG ASIAN AMERICANS
Authors: Wong Roger R.
Published: July 2010

This article explores the Asian American use of mediation and the effects of increasing divorce rates on the Asian American family. It examines mediation across cultural settings and documents the need for mediators to be versed in understanding persons from many different cultures.
PARENTING PLANS
Authors: Tompkins Robert
Published: July 2010

The purpose of this article is to explore the concept of parenting plans as a positive next step in the evolution of child custody law. After establishing the need for a postdivorce parenting scheme more responsive to the real needs of divorcing families, this article will then detail both the conceptual framework of parenting plans and the mechanics of how they actually work in one jurisdiction.
CUSTODY EVALUATIONS
Authors: Brown Carole
Published: July 2010

In presenting the evidence to court, a custody evaluator has to consider three distinct audiences: the judge, the legal representatives, and the family. Each will look for different things in the evaluation report, each may interpret what is written differently, and each may have different expectations. Consequently, the evaluator has a number of roles and has to adopt a variety of strategies that are sensitive to the needs of the court and the client. At the same time, the evaluator must be able to withstand the constraints and scrutiny that are part of the legal process. This article examines the difficulties this poses for the evaluator in preparing for and presenting evidence to court and looks at some of the ways problems can be avoided.
GENDER BIAS IN CHILD CUSTODY DECISIONS
Authors: Warshak Richard A.
Published: July 2010

Throughout history, gender stereotypes have played a key role in child custody dispositions. Despite current gender‐neutral statutes, men's advocacy groups claim that custody decisions continue to discriminate against fathers. Women's advocacy groups and the media counter that custody decisions discriminate against mothers. Contradictory perceptions can be traced to the imprecision of the best interest standard, anecdotal cases that have been popularized in the media, a selection bias among cases that are decided in court, the absence of reliable nonpartisan research, distortions of existing research, and implicit assumptions about which parent should get custody. Gender stereotypes that favor mothers' preferential claims to custody are not supported by research, and the primary parent presumption is regarded as seriously flawed. Rather than focus on the demands of adults, custody reform should address the needs of children.
AN EVALUATION OF SUPERVISED ACCESS I
Authors: Park Norman W. , Peterson‐Badali Michele , Jenkins Jennifer M.
Published: July 2010

This study describes the Supervised Access Pilot Project, implemented in 14 locations in Ontario, from the perspective of those offering the service and community organizations whose members use the service. Two services were offered: visits and exchanges. The average cost of a visit varied considerably across centers (range $15 to $309), a result that is partly attributable to economies of scale. Centers in large urban centers were more cost‐efficient than those situated in small communities. Centers provided neutral and safe circumstances for visiting. Only 1.6 serious rule violations occurred during every 1,000 visits. It was estimated that about 3 out of every 10,000 persons used the service. Intake and safety procedures, essential to the smooth running of the centers, have been outlined. Staff fell that they would benefit from increased training in the areas of conflict resolution and the effects of divorce on family members.
AN EVALUATION OF SUPERVISED ACCESS III
Authors: Peterson‐Badali Michele , Maresca June , Park Norman W. , Jenkins Jennifer M.
Published: July 2010

Although supervised access has become a more frequently used option within the custody and access domain over the last 10 years, no empirical literature has examined supervised access from the standpoint of its effect on the legal system. As part of a large‐scale evaluation of Ontorio's Supervised Access Pilot Project, the present study sought the perceptions of the legal community and the courts regarding supervised access centers. A total of 14 lawyers and 13 judges participated in semistructured telephone interviews concerning supervised access cases in general, the function and impact of the supervised access program in their community, and their satisfaction with and recommendations regarding the center. Both lawyers and judges expressed high levels of satisfaction with the centers and believed that their availability resulted in savings to the legal system and reductions in hostility and conflict between parents. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed.