bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new chapter in the never ending story of cycloadditions: The puzzling case of SO2 and acetylene
Authors: Salta Zoi , Ventura Oscar N. , Rais Nadjib , Tasinato Nicola , Barone Vincenzo
Published: March 2024

A comprehensive study of the different classes of cycloaddition reactions ([3+2], [2+2], and [2+1]) of SO2 to acetylene and ethylene has been performed using density functional theory (DFT) and composite wavefunction methods. The [3+2] cycloaddition reaction, that was previously explored in the context of the cycloaddition of thioformaldehyde S‐methylide (TSM) to ethylene and acetylene, proceeds in a concerted way to the formation of stable heterocycles. In this paper, we extend our study to the [2+2] and [2+1] cycloadditions of SO2 to acetylene, which would produce 1,1‐oxathiete‐2‐oxide and thiirene‐1,1‐dioxide, respectively. One of the main conclusions is that cyclic 1,1‐oxathiete‐2‐oxide can open through a relatively easy breaking of the SO single bond and rearrange toward sulfinyl acetaldehyde (SA). The SA molecule can easily undergo several internal rearrangements, which eventually lead to sulfenic acid and sulfoxide derivatives of ethenone, 1,2,3‐dioxathiole, and CO plus sulfinylmethane. The most probable path, however, produces 2‐thioxoacetic acid, whose derivatives (or those of the corresponding acetate) are usually obtained by Willgerodt–Kindler‐type sulfuration of acetates. This product can in turn decompose, leading to the final products CO2 and H2CS. Comparison of this decomposition path with that of 2‐amino‐2‐thioxoacetic acid shows that the process occurs through different H‐transfer processes.
Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in cancer survivors
Authors: Ueno Kensuke , Kaneko Hidehiro , Suzuki Yuta , Okada Akira , Matsuoka Satoshi , Fujiu Katsuhito , Michihata Nobuaki , Jo Taisuke , Takeda Norifumi , Morita Hiroyuki , Kamiya Kentaro , Ako Junya , Node Koichi , Yasunaga Hideo , Komuro Issei
Published: March 2024

Background

The risk of subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) is high in cancer survivors. Although metabolic syndrome is an established risk factor for CVD, its association with cancer survivors has not yet been established. This study aimed to clarify whether metabolic syndrome is associated with subsequent CVD risk in patients with cancer using a nationwide epidemiological dataset.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed 53 510 patients with a history of breast, colorectal, or stomach cancer, which is reportedly a major site for developing cancer in Japan. Study participants were categorized into two groups based on the presence of metabolic syndrome, defined using the Japanese criteria (high waist circumference and ≥2 metabolic parameters including elevated blood pressure, elevated triglycerides, reduced high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, or elevated fasting plasma glucose). The clinical outcomes were collected between 2005 and 2021. The primary endpoint was defined as the composite CVD outcome, including myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, stroke, and heart failure.

Results

The median patient age was 54 years, and 37.5% of the patients were men. Metabolic syndrome was observed in 5558 (10.4%) patients. Over a mean follow‐up period of 973 ± 791 days, 3085 composite CVD outcomes were recorded. Multivariable Cox regression analyses showed that metabolic syndrome was associated with a greater risk of developing CVD events (HR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.15–1.45). Metabolic syndrome was also associated with an increased risk of CVD in patients with a follow‐up period ≥1 year (HR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.15–1.53). This relationship was also observed when metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria (HR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.21–1.49) and the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria (HR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.19–1.46). Subgroup analyses showed that the relationship between metabolic syndrome and incident CVD was more pronounced in the non‐obese participants than in the obese participants.

Conclusions

Metabolic syndrome is associated with a greater risk of developing CVD, even among cancer survivors.
Optimizing time prediction and error classification in early melanoma detection using a hybrid RCNN‐LSTM model
Authors: Arjun K. P. , Kumar K. Sampath , Dhanaraj Rajesh Kumar , Ravi Vinayakumar , Kumar T. Ganesh
Published: March 2024

Skin cancer is a terrifying disorder that affects all individuals. Due to the significant increase in the rate of melanoma skin cancer, early detection of skin cancer is now more critical than ever before. Malignant melanoma is one of the most serious forms of skin cancer, and it is caused by abnormal melanocyte cell growth. In recent years, skin cancer predictive categorization has become more accurate and predictive due to multiple deep learning algorithms. Malignant melanoma is diagnosed using the Recurrent Convolution Neural Network‐Long Short‐Term Memory (RCNN‐LSTM), which is one of the deep learning classification approaches. Using the International Skin Image Collection and the RCNN‐LSTM, the data are categorized and analyzed to gain a better understanding of skin cancer. The method begins with data preprocessing, which prepares the dataset for classification. Additionally, the RCNN is employed to extract the features that are vital to the prediction process. The LSTM is accountable for the final step, classification. There are further factors to examine, such as the precision of 94.60%, the sensitivity of 95.67%, and the F1‐score of 95.13%. Other benefits of the suggested study include shorter prediction durations of 95.314, 122.530, and 131.205 s and lower model loss of 0.25%, 0.19%, and 0.15% for input sizes 10, 15, and 20, respectively. Three datasets had a reduced categorization error of 5.11% and an accuracy of 95.42%. In comparison to previous approaches, the work discussed here produces superior outcomes.

Research Highlights

Recurrent convolutional neural network (RCNN) deep learning approach for optimizing time prediction and error classification in early melanoma detection. It extracts a high number of specific features from the skin disease image, making the classification process easier and more accurate.

To reduce classification errors in accurately detecting melanoma, context dependency is considered in this work. By accounting for context dependency, the deprivation state is avoided, preventing performance degradation in the model.

To minimize melanoma detection model loss, a skin disease image augmentation or regularization process is performed in this work. This strategy improves the accuracy of the model when applied to fresh, previously unobserved data.
Drug‐target Mendelian randomization revealed a significant association of genetically proxied metformin effects with increased prostate cancer risk
Authors: Sun Xiaohui , Ping Jie , Guo Xingyi , Long Jirong , Cai Qiuyin , Shu Xiao‐ou , Shu Xiang
Published: March 2024

The association between metformin use and risk of prostate cancer remains controversial, while data from randomized trials is lacking. We aim to evaluate the association of genetically proxied metformin effects with prostate cancer risk using a drug‐target Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Summary statistics for prostate cancer were obtained from the Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer Associated Alterations in the Genome Consortium (79,148 cases and 61,106 controls). Cis‐expression quantitative trait loci (cis‐eQTL) variants in the gene targets of metformin were identified in the GTEx project and eQTLGen consortium. We also obtained male‐specific genome‐wide association study data for type 2 diabetes, body mass index (BMI), total testosterone, bioavailable testosterone, estradiol, and sex hormone binding globulin for mediation analysis. Inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) regression, weighted median, MR‐Egger regression, and MR‐PRESSO were performed in the main MR analysis. Multivariable MR was used to identify potential mediators and genetic colocalization analysis was performed to assess any shared genetic basis between two traits of interest. We found that genetically proxied metformin effects (1‐SD HbA1c reduction, equivalent to 6.75 mmol/mol) were associated with higher risk of prostate cancer (odds ratioIVW [ORIVW]: 1.55, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.23–1.96, p = 3.0 × 10−3). Two metformin targets, mitochondrial complex I (ORIVW: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.07–2.03, p = 0.016) and gamma‐secretase complex (ORIVW: 2.58, 95%CI :1.47–4.55, p = 0.001), showed robust associations with prostate cancer risk, and their effects were partly mediated through BMI (16.4%) and total testosterone levels (34.3%), respectively. These results were further supported by colocalization analysis that expressions of NDUFA13 and BMI, APH1A, and total testosterone may be influenced by shared genetic factors, respectively. In summary, our study indicated that genetically proxied metformin effects may be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. Repurposing metformin for prostate cancer prevention in general populations is not supported by our findings.
Ecosystem-level reference points: Moving toward ecosystem-based fisheries management
Authors: Morrison Wendy E. , Oakes Stephanie A. , Karp Melissa A. , Appelman Max H. , Link Jason S.
Published: March 2024

Objective

To support the movement in marine fisheries management toward ecosystem-based fisheries management by exploring ecosystem-level reference points (ELRPs) as an option for managing fisheries at the ecosystem level. An ELRP is an ecosystem harvest level or indicator with one or more associated benchmarks or thresholds (i.e., targets, limits) to identify, monitor, or maintain desirable ecosystem conditions and functions.

Methods

This paper explores the development and implementation of ELRPs in fisheries management to support ecosystem and fisheries sustainability, help identify when ecosystem changes that impact fisheries resources occur, and foster discussions of trade-offs in management decisions.

Result

We organize existing and potential ELRPs into five categories (statistical analysis of nonlinear dynamics and tipping points, ecosystem productivity, ecosystem trophic information, biodiversity, and human dimensions), provide an overview of analytical methods that can estimate ELRP benchmarks, provide examples of where ELRP benchmarks are being used today, and evaluate pros and cons of the different ELRP categories. We also attempt to identify potential next steps for fisheries scientists and managers to further the science, development, and application of ELRPs.

Conclusion

Ecosystem-level reference points can be used as a proactive accountability mechanism to achieve ecosystem objectives and maintain the ecosystem in a preferred operating space or as an early warning that ecosystem-level changes (e.g., tipping points) could be imminent if current biological and ecological trends in the system continue.
Bioactive atropisomers: Unraveling design strategies and synthetic routes for drug discovery
Authors: Liu Shuai‐Jiang , Zhao Qian , Liu Xiao‐Chen , Gamble Allan B. , Huang Wei , Yang Qian‐Qian , Han Bo
Published: March 2024

Atropisomerism, an expression of axial chirality caused by limited bond rotation, is a prominent aspect within the field of medicinal chemistry. It has been shown that atropisomers of a wide range of compounds, including established FDA‐approved drugs and experimental molecules, display markedly different biological activities. The time‐dependent reversal of chirality in atropisomers poses complexity and obstacles in the process of drug discovery and development. Nonetheless, recent progress in understanding atropisomerism and enhanced characterization methods have greatly assisted medicinal chemists in the effective development of atropisomeric drug molecules. This article provides a comprehensive review of their special design thoughts, synthetic routes, and biological activities, serving as a reference for the synthesis and biological evaluation of bioactive atropisomers in the future.
Interply hybridization of hollow glass fiber reinforced vascular composites
Authors: Acar Volkan , Seydibeyoğlu M. Özgür , Altan M. Cengiz
Published: March 2024

The use of hybrid reinforcement in polymer composites has been getting attention due to its potential for weight and cost reduction while achieving improved design flexibility for mechanical and thermal properties. In this study, an interply hybridization of epoxy laminates was performed using layers of solid and hollow glass fibers. The structural and thermal performance of the resulting hybrid vascular composites was investigated. All composite parts were manufactured using vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM), following an interply hybridization plan for the stacking sequence of hollow and solid fiber layers. An expected decrease in flexural properties and thermal conductivity was observed for the laminates with completely hollow fibers. On the other hand, hybridization had a positive effect on the laminate properties. It was shown that hybrid vascular composites could be manufactured without a significant reduction in mechanical and thermal performance by a judicious hybridization plan. The optimum hybridization of the laminate achieved a 3.1% increase in the specific flexural strength and a 5.3% decrease in thermal conductivity while containing a vascular network that can be used for active thermal control.

Highlights

A vascular interply composite structure consisting of hollow and solid fibers was manufactured and characterized for the first time.

The I4 composite, vascularized through the middle layers of the laminate, has almost as much flexural strength as solid composite and much more specific flexural strength.

The thermal conductivity of the I4 composite is almost as much as that of the solid composite.

Functional composites for thermal management and smart applications can be manufactured using hollow fibers without sacrificing flexural strength and thermal conductivity with interply vascularization.
Multi‐source data‐driven approach for prediction of melt density during polymer compounding
Authors: Zhang Bin‐Bin , Chen Zhu‐Yun , Zhang Fei , Jin Gang
Published: March 2024

Melt density is a crucial quality indicator for polymer composites, yet real‐time measurement remains challenging due to processing complexities. While existing machine learning methods offer solutions, they often fall short in complex compounding scenarios. This study presents a novel multi‐source data‐driven approach for measuring melt density in polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene blends. By incorporating ultrasonic, near‐infrared, and Raman spectra data acquired during melt processing, a deep separable convolutional neural network model is developed to predict melt density accurately. The model effectively fuses multi‐source data to establish the mapping relationship between input data and melt density output. Results demonstrate the model's ability to monitor melt density in real‐time, achieving a prediction accuracy with RMSE and R2 indexes of 0.005 g/cm3 and 0.9841, respectively. The proposed approach outperforms existing methods, showcasing its effectiveness and superiority in melt density prediction for polymer compounding processes.

Highlights

Establishment of the real‐time monitoring system for polymer extrusion processes.

Conversion of multi‐sensor signals into time‐frequency images using wavelet decomposition.

Fusion of sensor data into a three‐channel tensor‐image.

Development of a data‐driven DSCNN model for predicting melt density.

Implementation for online monitoring and prediction in PC/ABS compounding system.
Preparation of the novel bio‐nanocomposites based on chitosan, Piper betle leaf extract and MgO nanoparticles for chili preservation
Authors: Dam Xuan Thang , Duong Tra My , Mai Duc Huynh , Thai Hoang , Vu Viet Anh , Vu Quoc Trung , Ngo Thi Cam Quyen , Nguyen Tuan Anh , Nguyen Thuy Chinh
Published: March 2024

To maintain the freshness of food, it is crucial to explore environmentally friendly preservation methods with a focus on safety. Chitosan, a natural coating for fruits, is often used in combination with other materials to enhance its ability to delay browning and prevent fungal diseases. This study focused on the synthesis of a novel chitosan‐based nanocomposite by incorporating Piper betle L. leaf extract (PE) and magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MNPs). The characteristics of the obtained products were analyzed using infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The mechanical strength of chitosan/PE/MNPs (CSTM) films was evaluated, and the uniformity of the CSTM films was assessed using optical microscopy and FESEM. The antibacterial activity of CSTM films against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was tested using the diffusion method on agar wells. Additionally, the swelling behavior of CSTM films was measured. The findings demonstrated that these CSTM films exhibited resistance to S. aureus, making them potentially efficient for chili preservation.
Modeling the Link Between Air Convection and the Occurrence of Short‐Term Permafrost in a Low‐Altitude Cold Talus Slope
Authors: Wicky Jonas , Hilbich Christin , Delaloye Reynald , Hauck Christian
Published: March 2024

We extend a numerical modeling approach developed to explicitly model convective heat transfer in periglacial landforms to represent the ground thermal regime of low‐altitude talus slopes. Our model solves for heat conduction and accounts explicitly for air convection adopting a Darcy term with a Boussinesq approximation for air circulation in the porous ground. Numerical model experiments for the low‐altitude talus slope Dreveneuse, Switzerland, confirm that air convection is the key to forming and maintaining ground ice. In the model, the porous talus slope is underlain by a layer of water‐bearing morainic material. In years, where the gradient between air and talus temperature is sufficiently large to result in increased convection and therefore cooling, ground ice forms due to air convection within the porous material and lasts for more than a year. It is only by considering convection that the model is able to represent the occurrences of ground ice, in accordance with temperature observations on‐site. These findings are important, as they confirm that ground ice can be formed and maintained in landforms with a mean annual air temperature > 0°C if ground air convection is present combined with the presence of water.
Discover how intro to psych lessons can apply to student affairs leadership
Authors: Schwebel David C. , McFarland Carl E.
Published: March 2024

The American Psychological Association estimates more than 1 million students take Introductory Psychology annually. Psych 101 syllabi expose students to dozens of lessons spanning the broad field of psychology.
Consider who has responsibility for off‐campus safety
Authors: Miles David
Published: March 2024

By now, everyone knows this unfortunate and tragic story. On a very early morning in the middle of November of 2022, four University of Idaho students were brutally murdered in their off‐campus house. The murders created much panic on the campus, and all students attending the university were on edge in the weeks before a suspect was apprehended.
Overhauling technology can boost your students’ experiences
Authors: D’Orio Wayne
Published: March 2024

The pandemic nearly broke Metropolitan State University of Denver.
Second Chance Pell sets stage for rapid expansion of prison college programs
Authors: D’Orio Wayne
Published: March 2024

WASHINGTON, D.C. — Higher education is in need of some good news. Polls constantly show the public's faith in the importance of higher education is sliding, and to top it off, an enrollment cliff is imminent.
Pulsed shortwave electromagnetic field therapy increases quality of life in canines with symptoms of osteoarthritics
Authors: Sprunks Tanya Ella , McLeod Kenneth J. , Staelin Richard
Published: March 2024

Background

Joint stiffness, lameness and reduced activity levels are common inflammatory responses observed in canines and have significant impact on quality of life (QOL). The symptoms are often ascribed to osteoarthritis (OA), for which the standard treatment is systemic anti‐inflammatories, but pharmacologic intervention can have significant short‐term and long‐term side effects.

Objectives

Test the efficacy of a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐cleared pulsed shortwave therapy (PSWT) device as a means to modulate vagus nerve activity and initiate a systemic anti‐inflammatory response to determine its ability to improve functionality and the QOL of canines with inflammatory symptoms commonly associated with OA.

Methods

A randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled 14‐day study of 60 dogs with a presumptive prior diagnosis of OA in at least one limb joint. Two outcomes assessing changes in the dog's QOL and functionality were measured: subjectively determined changes in eight behaviours associated with discomfort and objectively determined changes in passive range of motion (PROM). The device was secured near the cervico‐thoracic region of the dog's spine. PROM measures were taken at baseline and at the end of study. Behavioural measures were taken daily.

Results

Forty‐nine animals completed the study. No negative side effects were reported. Average subjective discomfort scores for the treatment group (N = 26) were reduced from 3.74 to 2.10 (44%), compared to no improvement in the placebo group (N = 23) over the study period (p = 0.0001). Average PROM scores increased by 5.51 (4.59–6.23) degrees relative to the placebo group (p < 0.01). Ninety‐six per cent of the treatment group showed either increased PROM or improved behavioural changes or both, compared to 4% for the placebo group (p < 0.01). Most changes occurred within the first 8 days of treatment.

Conclusions

PSWT applied at the level of the cervico‐thoracic spine to target the vagus nerve may have the potential to improve QOL in dogs manifesting behaviours commonly associated with OA.
Symmetries and selection rules: optimising axion haloscopes for Gravitational Wave searches
Authors: Domcke Valerie , Garcia-Cely Camilo , Lee Sung Mook , Rodd Nicholas L.
Published: March 2024

Abstract

In the presence of electromagnetic fields, both axions and gravitational waves (GWs) induce oscillating magnetic fields: a potentially detectable fingerprint of their presence. We demonstrate that the response is largely dictated by the symmetries of the instruments used to search for it. Focussing on low mass axion haloscopes, we derive selection rules that determine the parametric sensitivity of different detector geometries to axions and GWs, and which further reveal how to optimise the experimental geometry to maximise both signals. The formalism allows us to forecast the optimal sensitivity to GWs in the range of 100 kHz to 100 MHz for instruments such as ABRACADABRA, BASE, ADMX SLIC, SHAFT, WISPLC, and DMRadio.
Fashioning esophagogastric anastomosis in robotic Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy: a multicenter experience
Authors: Milone Marco , Bianchi Paolo Pietro , Cianchi Fabio , Coratti Andrea , D’Amore Anna , De Manzoni Giovanni , De Pasqual Carlo Alberto , Formisano Giampaolo , Jovine Elio , Morelli Luca , Offi Mariafortuna , Peri Andrea , Pietrabissa Andrea , Staderini Fabio , Tribuzi Angela , Giacopuzzi Simone
Published: March 2024

Background

The aim of the present study is to compare outcomes of the robotic hand-sewn, linear- and circular-stapled techniques performed to create an intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomosis in patients who underwent Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy.

Methods

Patients who underwent a planned Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy were retrospectively analysed from prospectively maintained databases. Only patients who underwent a robotic thoracic approach with the creation of an intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomosis were included in the study. Patients were divided into three groups: hand-sewn-, circular stapled-, and linear-stapled anastomosis group. Demographic information and surgery-related data were extracted. The primary outcome was the rate of anastomotic leakages (AL) in the three groups. Moreover, the rate of grade A, B and C anastomotic leakage were evaluated. In addition, patients of each group were divided in subgroups according to the characteristics of anastomotic fashioning technique.

Results

Two hundred and thirty patients were enrolled in the study. No significant differences were found between the three groups about AL rate (p = 0.137). Considering the management of the AL for each of the three groups, no significant differences were found. Evaluating the correlation between AL rate and the characteristics of anastomotic fashioning technique, no significant differences were found.

Conclusions

No standardized anastomotic fashioning technique has yet been generally accepted. This study could be considered a call to perform ad hoc high-quality studies involving high-volume centers for upper gastrointestinal surgery to evaluate what is the most advantageous anastomotic technique.
Dysphagia Assessments as Criteria in the ‘Decision-Making Process’ for Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Placement in People with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kotsia Ermioni , Chroni Elizabeth , Alexandropoulou Anna , Mills Claire , Veltsista Dimitra , Kefalopoulou Zinovia Maria , Michou Emilia
Published: March 2024

To review the assessment methods of dysphagia as a criterion for the decision-making process for Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) placement in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Systematic review. A search was conducted in three databases (EMBASE, CINAHL, PUBMED) in December 2022 and updated in July 2023. Two reviewers independently screened, selected, and extracted data. Study quality was appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. Systematic review registration number in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42022385461. The searches identified 240 records. The 10 eligible studies included 2 case reports, 4 retrospective studies, 3 prospective studies, and 1 cohort observational study. Study quality was low, with most studies having moderate to high risk of bias. Dysphagia is a common criterion for decision-making. Dysphagia assessment is usually in the form of either self-reports, objective instrumental assessments, or both. Dysphagia is a common criterion for the decision-making process, yet is missing in clinical guidelines. Establishing the optimal means of dysphagia assessment is important for timely decision-making procedures, so that life-threatening consequences of dysphagia are minimized.
ORCA-EFCD consensus report on clinical recommendation for caries diagnosis. Paper I: caries lesion detection and depth assessment
Authors: Kühnisch Jan , Aps Johan KM , Splieth Christian , Lussi Adrian , Jablonski-Momeni Anahita , Mendes Fausto M. , Schmalz Gottfried , Fontana Margherita , Banerjee Avijit , Ricketts David , Schwendicke Falk , Douglas Gail , Campus Guglielmo , van der Veen Monique , Opdam Niek , Doméjean Sophie , Martignon Stefania , Neuhaus Klaus W. , Horner Keith , Huysmans Marie-Charlotte DNJM
Published: March 2024

Objectives

The aim of the present consensus paper was to provide recommendations for clinical practice considering the use of visual examination, dental radiography and adjunct methods for primary caries detection.

Materials and methods

The executive councils of the European Organisation for Caries Research (ORCA) and the European Federation of Conservative Dentistry (EFCD) nominated ten experts each to join the expert panel. The steering committee formed three work groups that were asked to provide recommendations on (1) caries detection and diagnostic methods, (2) caries activity assessment and (3) forming individualised caries diagnoses. The experts responsible for “caries detection and diagnostic methods” searched and evaluated the relevant literature, drafted this manuscript and made provisional consensus recommendations. These recommendations were discussed and refined during the structured process in the whole work group. Finally, the agreement for each recommendation was determined using an anonymous Delphi survey.

Results

Recommendations (N = 8) were approved and agreed upon by the whole expert panel: visual examination (N = 3), dental radiography (N = 3) and additional diagnostic methods (N = 2). While the quality of evidence was found to be heterogeneous, all recommendations were agreed upon by the expert panel.

Conclusion

Visual examination is recommended as the first-choice method for the detection and assessment of caries lesions on accessible surfaces. Intraoral radiography, preferably bitewing, is recommended as an additional method. Adjunct, non-ionising radiation methods might also be useful in certain clinical situations.

Clinical relevance

The expert panel merged evidence from the scientific literature with practical considerations and provided recommendations for their use in daily dental practice.
How to trigger user’s willingness to participate in the metaverse? An exploration of the significant factors of the metaverse
Authors: Lu Hsi-Peng , Chang Yi-Chin , Chen Chiao-Shan
Published: March 2024

The issue of the metaverse has been widely discussed. The purpose of this research is to investigate users’ willingness to participate in the metaverse. This study used the self-efficacy theory and Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) to explore their willingness to attend the metaverse. Furthermore, the study explored how the basic concepts of the metaverse (Avatars, Decentralized Value Exchange, and Immersive Experience) influence the users’ attitudes (Presence in Second-Life, 3D Interactivity, and Play-to-Earn) toward and willingness with respect to participating in the metaverse. A total of 150 valid experts’ responses were collected through an online questionnaire and analyzed through structural equation modeling. The results revealed that Presence in Second-Life and Play-to-Earn significantly impact the respondents’ willingness to participate in the metaverse. Moreover, 3D Interactivity affected their participation to willingness through Presence in Second-Life and Play-to-Earn.
Estimation of BDS-2/3 phase observable-specific signal bias aided by double-differenced model: an exploration of fast BDS-2/3 real-time PPP
Authors: Shu Bao , Tian Yunqing , Qu Xuanyu , Li Pan , Wang Li , Huang Guanwen , Du Yuan , Zhang Qin
Published: March 2024

GNSS phase observable-specific signal bias (OSB) corrections are essential for widespread application of precise point positioning with ambiguity resolution (PPP-AR) or PPP-RTK. However, subject to the orbital error effects, conventional undifferenced (UD) model-derived BeiDou System (BDS) real-time (RT) OSB products are usually unsatisfactory. In this study, a novel OSB-generating method assisted by the double-differenced (DD) model is proposed. The reliable integer UD ambiguities are obtained by converting DD ambiguities with given ambiguity datums, by which the RT orbit error effects on ambiguity fixing can be reduced during the OSB extraction and PPP-AR process. Validated using data from two regional sparse GNSS reference networks in Shaanxi, China, and Europe, results show that the proposed method-derived OSB products can improve RT PPP-AR performance effectively. In the Shaanxi network, the narrow-lane ambiguity residuals for BDS-3 within ± 0.25 cycles are improved by 23.1% and 33.2% compared to those using the UD model and Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES)-derived OSB products, respectively, and the corresponding values are 15.2% and 43.1% in the European network. A centimeter- or even millimeter-level positioning accuracy can be achieved for BDS PPP using the poposed OSB products in both networks. In the kinematic PPP-AR test within the Shanxi network, the mean RMS of the BDS-2/3 fixed solutions in the east, north, and up directions is 0.9, 0.7, and 2.3 cm, with a decrease of 57.1%, 53.3%, and 46.5% compared to that using OSB derived by UD model. The median Time-To-First-Fix (TTFF) is also shortened from 23.8 to 7.5 min.
Wnt16 Increases Bone-to-Implant Contact in an Osteopenic Rat Model by Increasing Proliferation and Regulating the Differentiation of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells
Authors: Berger Michael B. , Bosh Kyla , Deng Jingyao , Jacobs Thomas W. , Cohen D. Joshua , Boyan Barbara D. , Schwartz Zvi
Published: March 2024

Osseointegration is a complex biological cascade that regulates bone regeneration after implant placement. Implants possessing complex multiscale surface topographies augment this regenerative process through the regulation of bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) that are in contact with the implant surface. One pathway regulating osteoblastic differentiation is Wnt signaling, and upregulation of non-canonical Wnts increases differentiation of MSCs on these titanium substrates. Wnt16 is a non-canonical Wnt shown to regulate bone morphology in mouse models. This study evaluated the role of Wnt16 during surface-mediated osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs in vitro and osseointegration in vivo. MSCs were cultured on Ti substrates with different surface properties and non-canonical Wnt expression was determined. Subsequently, MSCs were cultured on Ti substrates +/−Wnt16 (100 ng/mL) and anti-Wnt16 antibodies (2 μg/mL). Wnt16 expression was increased in cells grown on microrough surfaces that were processed to be hydrophilic and have nanoscale roughness. However, treatment MSCs on these surfaces with exogenous rhWnt16b increased total DNA content and osteoprotegerin production, but reduced osteoblastic differentiation and production of local factors necessary for osteogenesis. Addition of anti-Wnt16 antibodies blocked the inhibitor effects of Wnt16. The response to Wnt16 was likely independent of other osteogenic pathways like Wnt11-Wnt5a signaling and semaphorin 3a signaling. We used an established rat model of cortical and trabecular femoral bone impairment following botox injections (2 injections of 8 units/leg each, starting and maintenance doses) to assess Wnt16 effects on whole bone morphology and implant osseointegration. Wnt16 injections did not alter whole bone morphology significantly (BV/TV, cortical thickness, restoration of trabecular bone) but were effective at increasing cortical bone-to-implant contact during impaired osseointegration in the botox model. The mechanical quality of the increased bone was not sufficient to rescue the deleterious effects of botox. Clinically, these results are important to understand the interaction of cortical and trabecular bone during implant integration. They suggest a role for Wnt16 in modulating bone remodeling by reducing osteoclastic activity. Targeted strategies to temporally regulate Wnt16 after implant placement could be used to improve osseointegration by increasing the net pool of osteoprogenitor cells.
The Homo Economicus as a Prototype of a Psychopath? A Conceptual Analysis and Implications for Business Research and Teaching
Authors: Fuchs Florian , Lingnau Volker
Published: March 2024

Since the beginning of business research and teaching, the basic assumptions of the discipline have been intensely debated. One of these basic assumptions concerns the behavioral aspects of human beings, which are traditionally represented in the construct of homo economicus. These assumptions have been increasingly challenged in light of findings from social, ethnological, psychological, and ethical research. Some publications from an integrative perspective have suggested that homo economicus embodies to a high degree dark character traits, particularly related to the construct of psychopathy, representing individuals who are extremely self-centered and ruthless, without feelings of remorse or compassion. While a growing body of research notes such a similarity on a more or less anecdotal basis, this article aims to explore this connection from a more rigorous perspective, bridging insights from psychological, economic, and business research to better understand the potentially dark traits of homo economicus. The analysis shows that homo economicus is not simply some kind of psychopath, but specifically a so-called subclinical or Factor 1 psychopath, who is also referred to as a “corporate psychopath” in business research. With such an analysis, the paper adds an additional perspective and a deeper psychological level of understanding as to why homo economicus is often controversially debated. Based on these insights, several implications for academic research and teaching are discussed and reflected upon in light of an ethics of virtue and care.
A self-predictive diagnosis system of liver failure based on multilayer neural networks
Authors: Dashti Fatemeh , Ghaffari Ali , Seyfollahi Ali , Arasteh Bahman
Published: March 2024

The lack of symptoms in the early stages of liver disease may cause wrong diagnosis of the disease by many doctors and endanger the health of patients. Therefore, earlier and more accurate diagnosis of liver problems is necessary for proper treatment and prevention of serious damage to this vital organ. We attempted to develop an intelligent system to detect liver failure using data mining and artificial neural networks (ANN), this approach considers all factors impacting patient identification and enhances the probability of success in diagnosing liver failure. We employ multilayer perceptron neural networks for diagnosing liver failure via a liver patient dataset (ILDP). The proposed approach using the backpropagation algorithm, improves the diagnosis rate, and predicts liver failure intelligently. The simulation and data analysis outputs revealed that the proposed method has 99.5% accuracy, 99.65% sensitivity, and 99.57% specificity, making it more accurate than Previous related methods.
Impact of healthcare-associated infections within 7-days of acute stroke on health outcomes and risk of care-dependency: a multi-centre registry-based cohort study
Authors: Fluck David , Fry Christopher H. , Robin Jonathan , Affley Brendan , Kakar Puneet , Sharma Pankaj , Han Thang S.
Published: March 2024

Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) in patients admitted with acute conditions remain a major challenge to healthcare services. Here, we assessed the impact of HCAIs acquired within 7-days of acute stroke on indicators of care-quality outcomes and dependency. Data were prospectively collected (2014–2016) from the Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme for 3309 patients (mean age = 76.2 yr, SD = 13.5) admitted to four UK hyperacute stroke units (HASU). Associations between variables were assessed by multivariable logistic regression (odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals), adjusted for age, sex, co-morbidities, pre-stroke disability, swallow screening, stroke type and severity. Within 7-days of admission, urinary tract infection (UTI) and pneumonia occurred in 7.6% and 11.3% of patients. Female (UTI only), older age, underlying hypertension, atrial fibrillation, previous stroke, pre-stroke disability, intracranial haemorrhage, severe stroke, and delay in swallow screening (pneumonia only) were independent risk factors of UTI and pneumonia. Compared to patients without UTI or pneumonia, those with either or both of these HCAIs were more likely to have prolonged stay (> 14-days) on HASU: 5.1 (3.8–6.8); high risk of malnutrition: 3.6 (2.9–4.5); palliative care: 4.5 (3.4–6.1); in-hospital mortality: 4.8 (3.8–6.2); disability at discharge: 7.5 (5.9–9.7); activity of daily living support: 1.6 (1.2–2.2); and discharge to care-home: 2.3 (1.6–3.3). In conclusion, HCAIs acquired within 7-days of an acute stroke led to prolonged hospitalisation, adverse health consequences and risk of care-dependency. These findings provide valuable information for timely intervention to reduce HCAIs, and minimising subsequent adverse outcomes.
Cancer survivors’ experiences of a physical activity program in primary care: a qualitative study
Authors: Huizinga Famke , Kieboom Eleonora A. M. , de Greef Mathieu H. G. , Walenkamp Annemiek M. E. , Berendsen Annette J. , Berger Marjolein Y. , Brandenbarg Daan
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to gain insight into the experiences of, and reasons for, cancer survivors participating in a primary care PA program.

Methods

We interviewed 17 patients from 11 Dutch GP practices. Patients were selected by purposive sampling based on their general practice, gender, educational level, motivation for PA, and change in PA. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and pseudonymized for inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Three domains were identified with five themes: institutional domain: GP practice; program-specific domain: content sessions and PA, and activity tracker and goal setting; individual domain: experienced benefits, and personalized care needs. Participants valued the PA program because it was offered close to home, without additional costs, and by a trusted practice nurse familiar with the patients’ medical background. Activity tracker use and goal setting motivated many participants but also led to demotivation and feelings of failure in others. Reported benefits included behavior change and favorable health outcomes. Many patients expressed the need to personalize psychological support and the program’s timing.

Conclusions

Access to a PA program in a primary care setting is valued for its accessibility and experienced health benefits, but also seems to meet an unmet need for support in picking up life during cancer recovery.

Implications for Cancer Survivors

Primary care is important for continued care of cancer survivors. An accessible PA program in this setting may fulfil a need for not only lifestyle support but also continuing life after cancer treatment.
The Role of Laparoscopic Surgery in the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Steggerda Justin A. , Wisel Steven A. , Nissen Nicholas N. , Voidonikolas Georgios , Kosari Kambiz
Published: March 2024

Purpose of Review

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver tumor and 6th most common cancer overall. This article reviews the role of laparoscopy in the multi-disciplinary management of HCC.

Recent Findings

Laparoscopic surgery involves multiple approaches for diagnosis and treatment of HCC, including intraoperative ultrasound and biopsy, as well as ablative strategies for tumors in difficult locations. In comparison to catheter-based therapies, hepatic resection offers similar survival with the benefit of direct visualization to identify additional tumors. Laparoscopic liver resections further show similar oncologic outcomes with reduced hospital length of stay and reduced morbidity compared to open approaches and may even be used to treat large tumors.

Laparoscopic surgery may be involved in the diagnosis, treatment, and resection of HCC. Laparoscopic hepatic resections are safe with equivalent oncologic outcomes and may offer advantages over catheter-based therapies in selected patients. Advances in robotic surgery have served to expand the potential for minimally invasive approaches in the surgical treatment of HCC.
Sprouted Oats (Avena sativa L.) in Baked Goods: From the Rheological Properties of Dough to the Physical Properties of Biscuits
Authors: Sergiacomo Alessio , Bresciani Andrea , Gallio Francesca , Varetto Paolo , Marti Alessandra
Published: March 2024

This study investigated the impact of sprouted oats (SO) on dough properties and biscuit features. Unsprouted oats (USO) and SO (for 48 h and 72 h) were studied in wheat dough at 10, 20, and 30%, and gluten aggregation, mixing, and extensional properties were evaluated. USO caused a weakening in gluten aggregation capacity, an increase in water uptake, development time and dough rigidity, and a decrease in extensibility. Dough enriched in SO showed mixing profiles similar to wheat, but using SO strongly affected dough extensional properties, indicating gluten weakening. Changes in rheological properties suggested the use of SO at 20% level in biscuit production. Using oats did not affect either biscuit size or volume, but decreased both the hardness and the toughness of the product, with 72 h-SO having the greatest impact, especially on hardness. Further study will address consumer acceptability and nutritional features of the developed baked product.
A prognostic model for overall survival in recurrent glioma patients treated with bevacizumab-containing therapy
Authors: Jin Shanmu , Chen Wenlin , Guo Xiaopeng , Xing Hao , Yang Huiyu , Liu Qianshu , Liu Delin , Zhang Kun , Wang Hai , Xia Yu , Guo Siying , Wang Yaning , Shi Yixin , Li Yilin , Wang Yuekun , Li Junlin , Wu Jiaming , Liang Tingyu , Qu Tian , Li Huanzhang , Yang Tianrui , Wang Yu , Ma Wenbin
Published: March 2024

Predictive markers and prognostic models are useful for the individualization of cancer treatment. In this study, we sought to identify clinical and molecular factors to predict overall survival in recurrent glioma patients receiving bevacizumab-containing regimens. A cohort of 102 patients was retrospectively collected from June 2011 to January 2022 at our institution. A nomogram was generated by Cox regression and feature selection algorithms based on 19 clinicopathological and 60 molecular variables. The model's performance was internally evaluated by bootstrapping in terms of discrimination and calibration. The median overall survival from the initiation of bevacizumab administration to death or last follow-up was 11.6 months (95% CI: 9.2–13.8 months) for all 102 patients, 10.2 months (95% CI: 6.4–13.3 months) for 66 patients with grade 4 tumors, and 13.8 months (lower limit of 95% CI: 11.5 months) for 36 patients with tumors of grade lower or not available. In the final model, a lower WHO 2021 grade (Grade lower or not available vs. Grade 4, HR: 0.398, 95% CI: 0.223–0.708, p = 0.00172), having received adjuvant radiochemotherapy (Yes vs. No, HR: 0.488, 95% CI: 0.268–0.888, p = 0.0189), and wildtype EGFR (Wildtype vs. Altered, HR: 0.193, 95% CI: 0.0506–0.733, p = 0.0157; Not available vs. Altered, HR: 0.386, 95% CI: 0.184–0.810, p = 0.0118) were significantly associated with longer overall survival in multivariate Cox regression. The overall concordance index was 0.652 (95% CI: 0.566–0.714), and the areas under the time-dependent curves for 6-, 12-, and 18-month overall survival were 0.677 (95% CI: 0.516–0.816), 0.654 (95% CI: 0.470–0.823), and 0.675 (95% CI: 0.491–0.860), respectively. A prognostic model for overall survival in recurrent glioma patients treated with bevacizumab-based therapy was established and internally validated. It could serve as a reference tool for clinicians to assess the extent the patients may benefit from bevacizumab and stratify their treatment response.
STEM in the classroom: a scoping review of emerging research on the integration of STEM education within Australian schools
Authors: Deehan James , Danaia L. , Redshaw S. , Dealtry L. , Gersbach K. , Bi R.
Published: March 2024

The paper presents a scoping review of research that has been conducted on integrated STEM programmes in Australian schools over a 10-year period (2012–2022). It aims to determine how integrated STEM is being practiced. A total of 17 papers were chosen for review. The review explored the major characteristics of research that has been conducted on integrated STEM programmes in Australian schools, the teaching strategies used to teach integrated STEM and the reported impacts of these programmes. In fifteen of the papers experts from outside the school such as scientists and engineers, usually academics, were involved. Cooperative learning, project/problem-based learning and authentic experiences were the most common teaching strategies in a field characterised by positive learner outcomes. It is evident that teaching strategies are significant in the integration of STEM. Future research should focus on addressing issues of ecological validity, sustainability and scalability to ensure as many students as possible reap the benefits of high-quality STEM education.