bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chapter 5: Setting the Hearing Aid Response and Verifying Signal Processing and Features with Real-Ear Probe Microphone Measures
Authors: Zitelli Lori , Palmer Catherine
Published: May 2024

The real-ear probe microphone system provides a powerful tool to individual hearing aid fittings accounting for your patient's hearing and ear canal characteristics. The primary treatment for hearing loss is audibility, returning an audible signal across frequencies and input levels given the constraints of the hearing loss. This chapter will provide detailed information on the measures needed to individualize the hearing aid fitting and will present various clinical scenarios that will allow you to work with this information and see how you apply this knowledge clinically. You will explore the verification of signal processing and features that allow you to support your patients.
A Reappraisal of the Accuracy of the Tactile Method for the Detection of the Subgingival Cementoenamel Junction: An In Vivo Study
Authors: Mokhagul Jaruta , Lertpimonchai Attawood , Samaranayake Lakshman , Charatkulangkun Orawan
Published: May 2024

Objectives This article reappraises the accuracy and factors associated with the detection of the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) using the tactile method.

Materials and Methods A total of 111 tooth sites of 7 patients scheduled for flap surgery were selected for the study. The CEJ was detected in a blind manner using the conventional tactile method with a standard periodontal probe by a single, trained examiner. A custom-made stent was prepared to standardize the measurements and the distance from a fixed reference point on the stent to the CEJ was measured before (apparent CEJ) and after (real CEJ) opening a gingival flap. To evaluate the effect of local anesthesia (LA) on the measurement error, assessment with and without LA given prior to the measurement was also evaluated. The bone crest-CEJ distance at each site was also recorded in all sites.

Statistical Analysis The measurement error of apparent versus real distance, if any, was compared using Cohen's weighted kappa coefficient (WKC) (± 1 mm).

Results A weak WKC (WKC = 0.539) was found between the apparent and real CEJ distance. Higher WKCs were noted at posterior and proximal sites than the anterior and buccal/lingual sites, respectively (0.840 and 0.545 vs. 0.475 and 0.488). A higher confluence of the agreements was noted when CEJ distance was measured in anesthetized sites (WKC = 0.703). Sites without bone loss showed more coronal deviation of CEJ detection, as opposed to apical deviation seen at sites with bone loss.

Conclusion The conventional CEJ detection using the tactile method was relatively imprecise depending on the anatomical location of the tooth and the bone loss at the site of measurement. However, the detection accuracy improved when the sites were anesthetized. In clinical terms, our data, reported here for the first time imply that, in the absence of visual cues, posterior tooth site measurements of periodontal attachment loss were more reliable in comparison to the other sites. The bone crest level also impacted the measurement deviation to some extent, implying that, possible overestimate of clinical attachment loss may occur at sites without bone loss.
Barriers to implementation of digital transformation in the Indian health sector: a systematic review
Authors: Inampudi Sandeep , Rajkumar Eslavath , Gopi Aswathy , Vany Mol K S , Sruthi K S
Published: May 2024

Digital transformation in the health sector can revolutionize a country’s healthcare system. However, the effective sustainability of digital health relies on various factors that influence its implementation. Addressing such implementation challenges is crucial in designing and delivering digital health services. Therefore, this systematic review attempted to identify the potential barriers to the implementation of digital transformation in the health sector of India. Systematic searches were employed across databases PubMed, PsycINFO, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for studies that reported digital transformation in India from inception to December 2022. Following narrative synthesis, studies were assessed for quality using JBI and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Out of 1129 initially identified records, 26 studies that met the inclusion criteria were deemed eligible for final analysis. Although digital transformation in India’s health sector occurred rapidly, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, there are still potential barriers that impede its successful implementation in the country. Barriers identified are mainly associated with limited technological and medical infrastructure, data security and privacy, and a lack of physical examination. The need to address these barriers, recommendations for government and healthcare practitioners, and implications for future research are discussed.
Understanding attractions’ connection patterns based on intra-destination tourist mobility: A network motif approach
Authors: Ding Ding , Zheng Yunhao , Zhang Yi , Liu Yu
Published: May 2024

Tourist movement patterns among attractions are complex and variable, and understanding such patterns can help manage tourist destinations more effectively. However, previous studies on tourist movement utilising complex networks have not explored the network motif approach comprehensively. Therefore, we adopted a network motif approach using social media data to extract and analyse motifs in a city network. This study analyses the attractions corresponding to the nodes in each motif, revealing the connection patterns between these attractions. We also discuss motifs between attractions with different types and titles. Popular attractions play a significant role in a local network while other attractions serve distinct functions within the network. This study’s findings enhance the significance of network motifs in examining tourist movement and deepen the understanding of recurring movement patterns between attractions. Moreover, they assist managers in developing policy tools for intelligent tourism destination marketing and planning that cater to tourists’ needs.
The ethnocultural and sociological analysis of migrations documented in Shajara-i Tarākima (Turkmen genealogy)
Authors: Kahya Hayrullah
Published: May 2024

More studies have been conducted in the field of language and literature regarding historical Turkic texts. However, these studies also represent invaluable sources for the ethnocultural and sociological characteristics of the Turks. Therefore, it is essential to undertake research focusing on the content of historical Turkic texts to identify the ethnocultural features of the Turks through local written sources. This study specifically examines the migrations documented in Shajara-i Tarākima. Consequently, an ethnocultural and sociological approach to Shajara-i Tarākima will be adopted, shedding light on the cultural characteristics of the Turks in the context of the migration phenomenon. In this research, the migrations detailed in Shajara-i Tarākima are scrutinized, revealing that Turks predominantly migrated when faced with concerns related to life and property. A distinctive feature of Turkish migration is their intent to settle permanently rather than temporarily in the places they migrate to. The findings indicate that, in the integration of migration policies, Turks have adopted a complex approach encompassing both a selective inclusion model and features of a multicultural model. While Turkic migrants have generally demonstrated a strategy more inclined towards integration and less towards assimilation, they have shown a preference for the segregation strategy over multiculturalism or melting pot strategies when dealing with immigrants.
Investigating the impact of applied magnetic field and current on anode power deposition in AF-MPDT
Authors: Tang Zhuoyao , Zheng Jinxing , Liu Haiyang , Du Yifan , Ke Maolin , Aftab Hammad , Lu Yudong , Zhu Lei , Liu Fei , Wang Luoqi , Wu Meiqi , Wu Tao , Shi Jiaming
Published: May 2024

The high temperature superconductors enhanced magnetoplasmadynamic thruster is a promising device for various space mission scenarios. However, a critical issue hindering the enhancement of the thruster’s performance is the problem of anode power deposition. Previous studies have identified the anode fall voltage as a major contributor to this power deposition. This paper introduces an approximate analytical formula for calculating anode power deposition resulting from anode fall voltage. The paper further analyzes and calculates the variation of anode fall voltage with an applied magnetic field and discharge current. The findings reveal a direct correlation between applied magnetic field and both anode fall voltage and power, indicating an increase with higher magnetic field values. In contrast, while the anode fall voltage experiences a slight decline with increased discharge current, the anode power deposition remains elevated due to the transition from field ionization to thermal ionization. To gain a comprehensive understanding of anode power deposition, an experiment was conducted to obtain measurements under different operating conditions, involving varying levels of applied magnetic field and discharge current. The experimental results align with the theoretical predictions. These insights have the potential to serve as a valuable reference for enhancing the efficiency of magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters, bringing us closer to unlocking the full potential of these remarkable propulsion systems in the realm of space exploration.
Geometrization of the Huygens–Fresnel principle: Applications to Fraunhofer diffraction
Authors: Thomas Joseph Ivin
Published: May 2024

The classical wave theory can trace its historical origins to the seminal works of Christian Huygens, Thomas Young, and Augustin Fresnel. To explain some of light’s observed properties, such as rectilinear propagation, reflection, and refraction, Huygens proposed a simple geometrical construction of secondary spherical wavelets with centers of disturbance located on a primary wavefront. More than a century later, Young formulated the law of interference to both predict the formation of fringes in his now famous double slit experiment and also to estimate the wavelengths associated with different colors. A decade after that, Fresnel combined Huygens’ construction with Young’s interference law to qualitatively and quantitatively describe diffraction, which is the bending of light upon encountering an obstacle or an aperture. This grand synthesis, called the Huygens–Fresnel principle, acts as a powerful pictorial aid and conceptual tool that can describe a wide variety of complicated optical phenomena. However, the applications of the principle and its later developments, such as the Kirchhoff–Fresnel integral, are strewn with several simplifying assumptions and approximations that are aimed at minimizing the mathematical challenges involved. Consequently, two distinct formalisms are necessary to account for diffraction effects when the source of light or observation screen is placed nearby and far away from the aperture or obstacle. Recently, a hyperbola framework for analyzing wave interference at a multi-slit barrier was shown to successfully circumvent all conventionally imposed ad hoc conditions. The method commences directly from the Huygens–Fresnel principle and the ensuing predictions pertaining to the distribution of fringe characteristics, namely, positions, widths, and intensities on a detection screen can, therefore, justifiably claim accuracy in both the near field (Fresnel regime) and the far field (Fraunhofer regime). In this paper, the analysis that was previously carried out for the special case of slits of negligible widths is further extended to encompass slits of finite widths as well.
Emerging trends in functional molecularly imprinted polymers for electrochemical detection of biomarkers
Authors: Yeasmin Sanjida , Cheng Li-Jing
Published: May 2024

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), functioning as artificial bioreceptors, hold significant promise for biomarker detection in healthcare, disease diagnosis, and addressing drug abuse. In contrast to natural bioreceptors, MIP-based sensors offer numerous advantages, such as high stability, cost-effectiveness, high selectivity, sensitivity, and notably straightforward preparation with customizable binding sites for diverse targets. Conventional MIP sensors often necessitate external redox reagents in analytes to transduce binding events into electrochemical signals for indirect detection, presenting challenges for practical applications in wearables or point-of-care (POC) testing. Redox-active MIP sensors have emerged as a viable alternative, enabling direct and label-free electrochemical detection, with two types developed. The first type utilizes electrocatalytic materials to expedite electron transfer and facilitate a redox reaction between the captured electroactive target and the electrode. The second type incorporates an embedded redox reactive component that allows selective binding of a target to modulate its electron transfer, leading to a change in the electrical signal. This review covers emerging trends and challenges in redox-active MIP sensors for direct electrochemical detection of biomarkers, focusing on sensing mechanisms, synthesis methods, and applications. Additionally, recent progress in wearable and POC redox-active MIP sensors is highlighted. A comprehensive outlook of challenges is further provided, aiming to advance direct biomarker detection for diverse healthcare applications.
Reliability and sensitivity analysis of delamination growth of composite laminate structures using two efficient sampling methods
Authors: Liu Xiao-Xiao , Xiao Jie-Jie , Lu Kuan
Published: May 2024

In recent years, composite structures have been used in a large number of applications in aerospace, machinery, marine, and civil engineering. However, there are inevitably many uncertainties in the whole life cycle of composite structures, which can easily lead to structural damage and failure. Therefore, it is important to analyze the reliability and sensitivity of composite structures. At present, most of the contributions use the first-order reliability method (FORM) and the second-order reliability method (SORM) to study the reliability of composite structures and compare them with the results of the Monte Carlo simulation. However, both methods have their limitations. FORM cannot guarantee the calculation accuracy for the highly nonlinear limit state equation, and the calculation efficiency of SORM is too low. Therefore, this paper proposes to use importance sampling (IS) and backpropagation neural network-based Monte Carlo (MC-BPNN) to study the reliability, sensitivity, and dispersion of delamination growth of composite laminates. The results show that compared with FORM and SORM, IS and MC-BPNN have higher calculation accuracy and efficiency and can more accurately evaluate the failure degree of composite structures and ensure their safe operation in the field of aerospace equipment. The universality of this method can make it being widely used in the reliability and sensitivity analysis of different composite materials as well as dispersion analysis.
An encompassed representation of timescale hierarchies in first-order reaction network
Authors: Nagahata Yutaka , Kobayashi Masato , Toda Mikito , Maeda Satoshi , Taketsugu Tetsuya , Komatsuzaki Tamiki
Published: May 2024

Complex networks are pervasive in various fields such as chemistry, biology, and sociology. In chemistry, first-order reaction networks are represented by a set of first-order differential equations, which can be constructed from the underlying energy landscape. However, as the number of nodes increases, it becomes more challenging to understand complex kinetics across different timescales. Hence, how to construct an interpretable, coarse-graining scheme that preserves the underlying timescales of overall reactions is of crucial importance. Here, we develop a scheme to capture the underlying hierarchical subsets of nodes, and a series of coarse-grained (reduced-dimensional) rate equations between the subsets as a function of time resolution from the original reaction network. Each of the coarse-grained representations guarantees to preserve the underlying slow characteristic timescales in the original network. The crux is the construction of a lumping scheme incorporating a similarity measure in deciphering the underlying timescale hierarchy, which does not rely on the assumption of equilibrium. As an illustrative example, we apply the scheme to four-state Markovian models and Claisen rearrangement of allyl vinyl ether (AVE), and demonstrate that the reduced-dimensional representation accurately reproduces not only the slowest but also the faster timescales of overall reactions although other reduction schemes based on equilibrium assumption well reproduce the slowest timescale but fail to reproduce the second-to-fourth slowest timescales with the same accuracy. Our scheme can be applied not only to the reaction networks but also to networks in other fields, which helps us encompass their hierarchical structures of the complex kinetics over timescales.
Topological polarons in halide perovskites
Authors: Lafuente-Bartolome Jon , Lian Chao , Giustino Feliciano
Published: May 2024

Halide perovskites emerged as a revolutionary family of high-quality semiconductors for solar energy harvesting and energy-efficient lighting. There is mounting evidence that the exceptional optoelectronic properties of these materials could stem from unconventional electron–phonon couplings, and it has been suggested that the formation of polarons and self-trapped excitons could be key to understanding such properties. By performing first-principles simulations across the length scales, here we show that halide perovskites harbor a uniquely rich variety of polaronic species, including small polarons, large polarons, and charge density waves, and we explain a variety of experimental observations. We find that these emergent quasiparticles support topologically nontrivial phonon fields with quantized topological charge, making them nonmagnetic analog of the helical Bloch points found in magnetic skyrmion lattices.
Productive scientists are associated with lower disruption in scientific publishing
Authors: Li Heyang , Tessone Claudio J. , Zeng An
Published: May 2024

While scientific researchers often aim for high productivity, prioritizing the quantity of publications may come at the cost of time and effort dedicated to individual research. It is thus important to examine the relationship between productivity and disruption for individual researchers. Here, we show that with the increase in the number of published papers, the average citation per paper will be higher yet the mean disruption of papers will be lower. In addition, we find that the disruption of scientists’ papers may decrease when they are highly productive in a given year. The disruption of papers in each year is not determined by the total number of papers published in the author’s career, but rather by the productivity of that particular year. Besides, more productive authors also tend to give references to recent and high-impact research. Our findings highlight the potential risks of pursuing productivity and aim to encourage more thoughtful career planning among scientists.
“Come thou the spirits of village and locality, come thou the spirits of sons and daughters!”
Authors: Haokip Pauthang
Published: May 2024

This paper discusses the ritual language of Thadou-Kuki, a Tibeto-Burman language of the Kuki-Chin subgroup spoken in Northeastern India and the Chin State of Myanmar. The paper examines 13 ritual texts to determine the nature of language use and the types of structure that ritual language provides. The paper discusses the general belief surrounding the traditional religion as background information to the types of ritual language discussed in the paper. This is followed by a discussion on the structure of ritual language in terms of composition, grammatical constructions, and the choices of words used in the ritual language of Thadou-Kuki, including archaic expressions that are characteristic of ritual language. From the analysis of the ritual texts, the paper discusses the types of repetition at the level of syllables and paragraphs/stanzas. Each stanza is further divided into couplets of repetitive phrases (differing mostly in the initial words of a phrase or sentence). The paper divides the ritual language of Thadou-Kuki into two, namely invocation and direct address to the spirits. The former makes use of imperatives, namely the request –ô, the invitational –în, and the hortative –hèen. Direct address to the spirits, on the other hand, makes use of the declarative mood, namely, a clause or sentence-final marker–e.
Deriving Ewe (Tongugbe)nyá-constructions
Authors: Gotah Selikem
Published: May 2024

Ewe (Kwa, Niger-Congo) has a construction known in the literature as thenyá-construction (Ameka 1991,2005a;Collins 1993;Duthie 1996;Adjei 2014). The logical internal argument of the construction occurs in subject position and the logical external argument is either absent on the surface or represented in the construction as afor-PP. In this paper, I consider the syntax of the Ewenyá-construction, exploring data from the Tongugbe dialect. I show that thenyá-construction shares properties with English middles. I demonstrate that the agent or experiencerfor-PP that may occur in thenyá-construction is its external argument, projected in Spec vP. Further, I argue that even if thefor-PP is not overtly realized, it is syntactically projected in Spec vP, contrary to theories likeBruening 2013. The analysis I put forward provides support for the Theta-Criterion, which forces all arguments to be syntactically projected.
Agro-industrial parks: success factors, incentive mechanisms and donor roles
Authors:   Commercial Agriculture for Smallholders and Agribusiness (CASA)
Published: May 2024

This study reviews the evidence on agro-industrial parks (AIPs) in low- and lower-middle income countries in Africa and Asia. The analysis rests on information gathered through a detailed review of 200 pieces of literature and 12 semi-structured key informant interviews (KIIs). The study seeks to identify what factors - particularly those within the remit of the stakeholders involved - drive AIP success and failure, and how donors can support AIP success, including through their financing of development finance institutions (DFIs) and multilateral development banks (MDBs).
Effectiveness of agri-business incubation in emerging markets
Authors:   Commercial Agriculture for Smallholders and Agribusiness (CASA), Didoni Alberto
Published: May 2024

Agribusiness incubators play an important role in developing the technology and value chains that let small agricultural businesses thrive in developing countries and emerging markets. Incubators are, therefore, a key contributor to these economies, boosting prosperity and reducing poverty, and there is increased interest in supporting interventions aimed at accelerating or incubating agribusinesses. The topic is especially important now, as public funding is likely to come under pressure in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, scant evidence has been collected on the effectiveness of such interventions at generating additional investments in the sector. This paper remedies this lack. The objectives of this paper are to: (i) identify examples of incubators of small and mediumsized enterprises (SMEs) that have successfully catalysed investment into the agricultural sector over the last 10 years; (ii) identify and analyse types of agribusiness incubators; (iii) provide evidence on the results and impact of the different incubation models and, where applicable and information is available, on gendered impacts; and (iv) draw conclusions on whether interventions aimed at accelerating and incubating SME agribusinesses are effective in supporting increased investment in the sector. There is a dearth of comparative data and peer-reviewed literature around these questions. The Commercial Agriculture for Smallholders and Agribusiness programme (CASA) has therefore collected evidence via primary research (websites, annual reports and phone calls with key experts and incubator managers), as well as secondary research where appropriate.
Impact of COVID-19 on agribusinesses for investors
Authors:   Commercial Agriculture for Smallholders and Agribusiness (CASA), Zharare Sydney , Mashingaidze Nestor
Published: May 2024

Evidence from this assessment indicates that, without deliberate support from impact investors, banks and development finance institutions (DFIs), large numbers of agricultural small and medium enterprises (agri-SMEs) will not be able to continue operations following the lockdowns imposed in response to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant negative effects on the operations of agri-SMEs. It has made capital less available, as impact investors and financial institutions take a more cautious approach to extending credit and making investment decisions. Supply chains have been disrupted, resulting in delayed access to inputs (such as seed and fertiliser for smallholder farmers) and in fewer or no deliveries for agri-SMEs. The closure of restaurants and schools has decreased consumer demand. Some agri-SMEs have experienced labour shortages due to restrictions in the movement of people, although some have benefited from family labour as people moved back to their rural homes. The disruptions have created uncertainty for impact investors and financial institutions, which have been compounded by their inability to conduct in-person due diligence assessments for new investments. This evidence report seeks to assess the impact of COVID-19 on agri-SME operations by analysing emerging global evidence and insights from six countries. These are Commercial Agriculture for Smallholders and Agribusiness (CASA)'s three focus countries (Malawi, Nepal and Uganda), as well as Ethiopia, Ghana and Nigeria, which (along with Malawi) formed part of a rapid market assessment (RMA) between April and May 2020. This was carried out by Agricultural Policy Research in Africa (APRA), a research programme funded by the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO). APRA seeks to understand which pathways to agricultural commercialisation are the most effective at empowering women, reducing rural poverty and improving food and nutrition security in Sub-Saharan Africa. The report uses a market system lens to analyse impacts and craft recommendations for intervention, as agri-SMEs are linked to other value chain actors - such as farmers, impact investors and regulatory authorities - that govern the functioning of the system. The report focuses on the effects of COVID-19 on impact investment and especially on agribusiness impact investors, given their key role in supporting the growth of these enterprises. While the profit motive is paramount for impact investors, the current consolidation and recovery phase calls for investors to take a longer view on returns: they should shore up their investees and build a robust pipeline for after the recovery. A business-as-usual approach to activities such as due diligence will not work given current travel restrictions. Digital and drone technologies, however, offer alternatives and could be ramped up to close the face-to-face gap created by the pandemic.
On stability of equations with an infinite distributed delay
Authors: Berezansky Leonid , Braverman Elena
Published: May 2024

For scalar equations of population dynamics with an infinite distributed delay

x

′

(
t
)

=
r

(
t
)

[

∫

−
∞

t

f

(
x

(
s
)

)

d
s

R

(
t
,
s
)

−
x

(
t
)

]

,
 
x

(
t
)

=
φ

(
t
)

,
 
 
t
⩽

t
0

,

where f is the delayed production function, we consider asymptotic stability of the zero and a positive equilibrium K. It is assumed that the initial distribution is an arbitrary continuous function. Introducing conditions on the memory decay, we characterize functions f such that any solution with nonnegative nontrivial initial conditions tends to a positive equilibrium. The differences between finite and infinite delays are outlined, in particular, we present an example when the weak Allee effect (meaning that

f

′

(
0
)
=
1

together with

f
(
x
)
>
x

,

x
∈
(
0
,
K
)

) which has no effect in the finite delay case (all solutions are persistent) can lead to extinction in the case of an infinite delay.
Efficient computational hybrid method for the solution of 2D multi-term fractional order advection-diffusion equation
Authors: Ali Shah Farman , Kamran  , Aljawi Salma , Bouzgarrou Souhail , Alotaibi Fahad M , Gómez-Aguilar J F
Published: May 2024

Multi-term time-fractional advection diffusion equations are vital for simulating a wide range of physical phenomena, including fluid dynamics and environmental transport processes. However, due to their natural complexity, these equations pose challenges for conventional numerical approaches. In this article, we develop a high order accurate method to solve the multi-term time-fractional advection diffusion equations. We combine the Laplace transform (LT) to integrate the considered equations in time, with Chebyshev spectral method (CSM) for spatial terms The proposed method produces highly accurate solutions with remarkably low computational cost as compared to finite difference method. The propose numerical scheme first employs the LT which reduces the considered problem into a finite set of elliptic equations which may be solved in parallel. Then, the CSM is employed for the disctrezation of spatial operators, which makes it possibly to accurately represent the solution chebyshev grid. Finally, numerical inversion of LT is used to convert the obtain solution from the Laplace domain into the real domain. This work utilizes the modified Talbot’s method and Stehfest’s method for numerical inversion of the LT. To measure the performance, efficiency, and accuracy of the suggested approach, numerical approximations of three models are acquired and verified against the exact solution. The outcomes presented in tables and figures demonstrate that the modified Talbot’s method performed better as compared to Stehfest’s method.
From Bulk to one-dimensional MoS2 nanochains: evolution of electronic, mechanical, and optical properties
Authors: Moujaes Elie A , Diery W A
Published: May 2024

We theoretically investigate the stability of a MoS2 nanochain, reporting its electronic, mechanical, and optical properties. The nanochain presents a semiconductor structure with a minute band gap of 67m eV compared to the larger gap bulk and monolayer structures. It is more malleable, enduring a maximum compressive (tensile) strain of 6% (6.5%). It is dynamically stable, showing no negative frequencies along its Brillouin zone (BZ) path. The nanochain is thermally stable at 300K, making it possible to synthesize as a freestanding structure. The optical properties of the bulk, monolayer, and 1D MoS2 materials are evaluated using the time-dependent density functional perturbation theory (TDDFPT) and compared to those determined via the independent particle approximation (IPA). Along the nanochain’s periodic x direction, the reflectivity retains a maximum value of ∼68% in the infrared (IR) region. Furthermore, its optical conductivity also exhibits a peak within the IR regime. These two features make such nanochains suitable as coating materials in applications involving infrared radiation or can even be exploited as conductive substrates in near-IR devices.
GRB 210610B: The Internal and External Plateau as Evidence for the Delayed Outflow of Magnetar
Authors: Wei 韦 Yi-Ning 逸宁 , Wang 王 Xiang-Gao 祥高 , Lin 林 Da-Bin 达斌 , Zheng 郑 Wei-Kang 伟康 , Chen 陈 Liang-Jun 良军 , Yan 闫 Sheng-Yu 圣钰 , Yi 仪 Shuang-Xi 双喜 , Wang 王 Qi 琦 , Zhou 周 Zi-Min 子民 , Liu 刘 Hui-Ya 慧亚 , Liang 梁 En-Wei 恩维
Published: May 2024

After launching a jet, outflows of magnetar were used to account for the achromatic plateau of afterglow and the early X-ray flux plateau known as “internal plateau”. The lack of detecting magnetic dipole emission together with the energy injection feature in a single observation poses confusion until the long gamma-ray burst (GRB) 210610B is detected. GRB 210610B is presented with an optical bump following an early X-ray plateau during the afterglow phase. The plateau followed by a steep decline flux overlays in the steadily decaying X-ray flux with index α
X,1 ∼ 2.06, indicating an internal origin and that can be fitted by the spin-down luminosity law with the initial plateau luminosity

log

10

L

X

∼
48.29

erg

s

−
1

and the characteristic spin-down timescale T ∼ 2818 s. A subsequent bump begins at ∼4000 s in the R band with a rising index α
R,1 ∼ − 0.30 and peaks at ∼14125 s, after which a decay index α
R,2 ∼ 0.87 and finally transiting to a steep decay with α
R,3 ∼ 1.77 achieve the closure relation of the external shock for the normal decay phase as well as the magnetar spin-down energy injection phase, provided that the average value of the photon index Γ
γ
= 1.80 derived from the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) between the X-ray and optical afterglow. The closure relation also works for the late X-ray flux. Akin to the traditional picture of GRB, the outflow powers the early X-ray plateau by dissipating energy internally and collides with the leading decelerating blast burst as time goes on, which could interpret the exotic feature of GRB 210610B. We carry out a Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation and obtain a set of best parameters: ϵ

B
≃ 4.7 × 10−5, ϵ

e
≃ 0.15, E
K,iso ≃ 4.6 × 1053erg, Γ0 ≃ 832, A
* ≃ 0.10, L
inj,0 ≃ 3.55 × 1050erg s−1. The artificial light curve can fit the afterglow data well. After that, we estimated the average Lorentz factor and the X-ray radiation efficiency of the later ejecta are 35% and 0.13%, respectively.
Research on fusion and deformation analysis of decade' HLS-II control network surveying data
Authors: Wu Enchen , Wang Wei , Li Xiao , Cheng Zhubing , Gao Panyun , Zhang Qiuyu , Ding Ting , Xu Jianglin , Zhang Sicheng , Wang Xiaolong , Lin Yiliang , He Xiaoye
Published: May 2024

To ensure the long-term stability of the beam and further construction needs, it is necessary to re-measure the particle accelerator regularly. Since 2013, we have been measuring the HLS-II control network with laser trackers and the level for 10 years. Taking HLS-II as the object of study, we introduced the data acquisition strategy for the period of 2013–2023. We analyzed the horizontal and vertical deformation trends of each control point. In the vertical direction, we fused the geometric level and elevation data of the laser tracker network by using MC-GMM (a Gauss-Markov model which considers the uncertainty of Monte Carlo simulation). The analysis results show that, after the HLS upgrade, the annual average settlement of the ground control network tends to be stable. The settlement and horizontal variation of the device are all within a reasonable and controllable range. To ensure stability, accuracy, and efficiency in the measurement, we recommend employing the laser tracker for the re-measurement of the HLS-II storage ring. The data processing flow and methods mentioned in the article can provide a reference for deformation analysis of the upcoming construction of the Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF) and other large-scale metrology projects.
Triangular solutions to the reflection equation for

U

q

(

s
l

n

^

)
Authors: Kolyaskin Dmitry , Mangazeev Vladimir V
Published: May 2024

We study solutions of the reflection equation related to the quantum affine algebra

U
q

(

s

l
n

^

)

. First, we explain how to construct a family of stochastic integrable vertex models with fixed boundary conditions. Then, we construct upper- and lower-triangular solutions of the reflection equation related to symmetric tensor representations of

U
q

(

s

l
n

^

)

with arbitrary spin. We also prove the star–star relation for the Boltzmann weights of the Ising-type model, conjectured by Bazhanov and Sergeev, and use it to verify certain properties of the solutions obtained.
Distribution and Catch Characteristics of Portunus Pelagicus in North Madura Waters
Authors: Laksani M R T , Syah A F , Cahyani A P R , Rosalinda
Published: May 2024

Portunus pelagicus is one of fishery commodity with high economic value and great demand in domestic and foreign markets. P. pelagicus is commonly found in Madura Sea waters. This study aimed to know the catch characteristics of P. pelagicus in North Madura. The locations of this study are Masaran, Sampang Regency, and Pasean, Pamekasan Regency. In this study, census sampling was done using the census method, which involved gathering samples of all the P. pelagicus that fishermen caught on each trip. The catch method in North Madura is using folding traps. In Masaran, the location of the sampling is <2 mils near the coast, and the location of Pasean is around 2-4 miles from the coast. Based on in situ data the water quality in Masaran, Sampang, and Pasean of Pamekasan Regency had various conditions that were able to influence the existence of P. pelagicus. The total weight amount catches in Masaran, Sampang reach 13297 grams (99 individuals), and Pasean, Pamekasan reach 13967 grams (63 individuals). The sex ratio in Masaran, Sampang is 1:3 greater than in Pasean, Pamekasan that is 1:1. Carapace width was divided into small (<10 cm), medium (>10), and large (>12 cm) size classes. In Masaran, P. pelagicus is dominated by large and medium, the amount of large is 56 individuals of crabs, the medium is 32 individuals and 12 individuals are small and do not follow the rule of legal catch. Meanwhile, in Pasean 35 individuals are size large, 22 individuals are medium and 6 individuals are small. These results can be used as the basis for the management of P. pelagicus in North Madura.
Mud Crab Fishery in Hoat Sorbay, Kei Kecil Island, Eastern Indonesia: Traditional management and adjustment to intervening regulations
Authors: Soselisa Hermien L , Ingratubun Mufti A
Published: May 2024

Local communities who live along the coast and have used marine resources for their livelihoods for generations certainly have a resource management and utilization system that was formed as a result of their interactions with and understanding of their aquatic environment. This research focuses on mud crab fishing among the Evu people occupying the shores of Hoat Sorbay Bay on Kei Kecil Island, and how they deal with market, state, and NGO intervention in their traditional harvesting system. Field data were obtained through observation of crab fishing activities in mangrove areas, interviews with mud crab fishers, and examination of documents regarding crab regulation. The result shows that even though mud crab fishing activities are still carried out following traditional practices and strategies based on knowledge passed down from their elders, the fishers also adjust to external requirements of changing market demands and conservation issues by incorporating them into their fishery system.
Single Bale-Bale Technology: Sustainable Utilization of Flying Fish Eggs in the Waters of the Aru Islands, Indonesia
Authors: Retraubun A S W , Tuapetel F , Natasian N T
Published: May 2024

The waters of Eastern Indonesia constitute a potential area for the utilization of flying fish eggs. The capture of fish eggs relies on the behavior of parent fish that deposit their eggs on floating objects at the sea surface. The technology is known by the name drifting FAD or its local name, “bale-bale”. However, the tendency of fishermen is to design double bale-bale for maximum utilization without considering the sustainability of the fishery resources. This research aims to develop single bale-bale technology for sustainable utilization of flying fish eggs in the waters of the Aru Islands, Indonesia. The vertical single bale-bale is an innovative system designed to enhance the efficiency of capturing flying fish eggs, reduce environmental impact, and support sustainable utilization. The research methodology involves the design and implementation of bale-bale, followed by performance evaluation and environmental impact analysis. The results of the study indicate that the vertical single bale-bale is more effective and sustainable compared to horizontal single bale-bale, mixed, or double configurations. Consequently, this research contributes to improving economic and ecological resilience while promoting environmentally friendly fishing practices.
Parasites Infestation on Cultured Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) and the Impact of Fish Health
Authors: Pattipeiluhu Shelly M. , Rijoly Stefanno M. A. , Sahetapy Jacqueline M. F. , Pattinasarany Maureen M. , Palinussa Elizabeth M. , Pattipeilohy Christian E. , Pelu Moamar A.
Published: May 2024

Barramundi Lates calcarifer is one of the leading marine aquaculture commodities in Indonesia, therefore fish health should be observed. This study was conducted to determine the type and number of parasites present in barramundi, the prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance of parasite and the number of leukocytes in each individual, based on the level of infestation. This study used a quantitative descriptive method, using a total of 30 fish with two different sizes of host of ± 20 cm (large) and ±5 cm (small) each as many as 15 individuals. The results showed that size of host samples influenced the number of parasites infested with the prevalence of 40%, while ectoparasite 20%. This may due to differences in the living environment as well as the larger host provides more space to the parasites. The ectoparasites found in barramundi, namely Trichodina sp, Cryptocaryon sp, Benedenia sp, Diplectanum sp and endoparasites, namely Camallanus sp. Ectoparasites Trichodina sp. has the highest mean intensity of 20%. The highest mean abundance on large fish was 3.2 ind/fish on ectoparasite and endoparasites was 0.07 ind/fish. The lowest leukocytes were 179.82 103/μl (19.6 cm) and the highest in sample number three was 218 103/μl (20 cm), all exceeded the normal amount of leucocytes cells for fish was uninfected.
Antibacterial Potency of Sea Star Linckia laevigata Extract Against Selected Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Nelce Mailoa Meigy , Leiwakabessy Jusuf , Padma Widya Chakti Arini , Pattinasarany Agapery Y.
Published: May 2024

The sea star (Asteroidea) is reported to have the potency to be a source of antimicrobial agent. An exploration study was conducted to reveal the potency of antibacterial bioactive of sea star from Maluku waters. This study aimed to determine the bioactive compounds of the Linckia laevigata extract and their antimicrobial activity. The results of qualitative phytochemical test showed that the L. laevigata extract contains flavonoid and saponin. The antimicrobial activity of the L. laevigata extract was demonstrated by an inhibition zone diameter of 29.5 mm against Enterobacter aeuregens and 22.1 mm against Clostridium botulinum. The L. laevigata extract has been proven to have antibacterial activityagainst food pathogenic bacteria.
System-bath correlations and finite-time operation enhance the efficiency of a dissipative quantum battery
Authors: Feliú Daniel , Barra Felipe
Published: May 2024

The reduced state of a small system strongly coupled to a thermal bath may be athermal and used as a small battery once disconnected. The unitarily extractable energy (a.k.a. ergotropy) will be negligible if the disconnecting process is too slow. To study the efficiency of this battery, we consider the cycle of disconnecting, extracting, and connecting the battery back to the bath. Efficiency, i.e. the ratio between ergotropy and connecting plus disconnecting work, is a function of disconnecting time. We consider the Caldeira–Leggett model of a quantum battery in two scenarios. In the first scenario, we assume that the discharged battery is uncorrelated to the bath when connecting back and find that the efficiency peaks at an optimal disconnecting time. In the second scenario, the discharged battery is correlated to the bath, and see that the optimal efficiency corresponds to an instantaneous disconnection. On top of these results, we analyze various thermodynamic quantities for these Caldeira–Leggett quantum batteries and express the first and second laws of thermodynamics for the cycles in simple form despite the system-bath initial correlations and strong coupling regime of the working device.
Exploring the relationship between cultural ecosystem services and human well-being of Qiandao Lake in China: insights from tourists and residents
Authors: Wang Jie , Wang Kuan , Li Shuangjin , Song Huiyong , Ma Shuang , Han Weiwu , Pang Di
Published: May 2024

Landscapes of lakes have a significant impact on people’s perceptions of Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES), as well as on their overall sense of well-being. However, there is limited understanding of how best to manage land landscapes and how different approaches influence these perceptions. To explore these questions, a case study of China’s Qiandao Lake was conducted, using a survey of 416 tourists and residents based on the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) framework. The relationship between CES and Human Well-Being (HWB) was examined using Structural equation Modeling (SEM), followed by the application of the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) method to identify which aspects should be targeted in management strategies. The results revealed several key findings. Firstly, there were significant differences in satisfaction with CES between tourists and residents. Tourists showed higher satisfaction levels in spiritual service, aesthetic service, inspiration, and education and science aspects. In contrast, residents prioritized cultural heritage and sense of place, indicating a deeper connection to the cultural and historical elements of their environment. Secondly, age, education, and income levels played important roles in shaping perceptions of CES. Thirdly, the study underscored the impact of CES on HWB, with aesthetic service having the greatest influence on tourists’ HWB, and spiritual service having the most impact on residents’ HWB. Lastly, using the IPA model, indicators with low satisfaction but high importance were identified, suggesting areas for improvement, particularly in cultural integration and unique environmental features. These research findings provide scientific and theoretical support for the management and landscape planning of lake ecosystems.