bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Athena synergies in the multi-messenger and transient universe
Authors: Piro Luigi , Ahlers Markus , Coleiro Alexis , Colpi Monica , de Oña Wilhelmi Emma , Guainazzi Matteo , Jonker Peter G. , Namara Paul Mc , Nichols David A. , O’Brien Paul , Troja Eleonora , Vink Jacco , Aird James , Amati Lorenzo , Anand Shreya , Bozzo Enrico , Carrera Francisco J. , Fabian Andrew C. , Fryer Christopher , Hall Evan , Korobkin Oleg , Korol Valeriya , Mangiagli Alberto , Martínez-Núñez Silvia , Nissanke Samaya , Osborne Julien , Padovani Paolo , Rossi Elena M. , Ryan Geoffrey , Sesana Alberto , Stratta Giulia , Tanvir Niel , van Eerten Hendrik
Published: September 2022

In this paper we explore the scientific synergies between Athena and some of the key multi-messenger facilities that should be operative concurrently with Athena. These facilities include LIGO A+, Advanced Virgo+ and future detectors for ground-based observation of gravitational waves (GW), LISA for space-based observations of GW, IceCube and KM3NeT for neutrino observations, and CTA for very high energy observations. These science themes encompass pressing issues in astrophysics, cosmology and fundamental physics such as: the central engine and jet physics in compact binary mergers, accretion processes and jet physics in Super-Massive Binary Black Holes (SMBBHs) and in compact stellar binaries, the equation of state of neutron stars, cosmic accelerators and the origin of Cosmic Rays (CRs), the origin of intermediate and high-Z elements in the Universe, the Cosmic distance scale and tests of General Relativity and the Standard Model. Observational strategies for implementing the identified science topics are also discussed. A significant part of the sources targeted by multi-messenger facilities is of transient nature. We have thus also discussed the synergy of Athena with wide-field high-energy facilities, taking THESEUS as a case study for transient discovery. This discussion covers all the Athena science goals that rely on follow-up observations of high-energy transients identified by external observatories, and includes also topics that are not based on multi-messenger observations, such as the search for missing baryons or the observation of early star populations and metal enrichment at the cosmic dawn with Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs).
Increases in Circulating Cortisol during the COVID-19 Pandemic are Associated with Changes in Perceived Positive and Negative Affect among Adolescents
Authors: Taylor Brittany K. , Fung Madison H. , Frenzel Michaela R. , Johnson Hallie J. , Willett Madelyn P. , Badura-Brack Amy S. , White Stuart F. , Wilson Tony W.
Published: September 2022

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread across the world and resulted in over 5 million deaths to date, as well as countless lockdowns, disruptions to daily life, and extended period of social distancing and isolation. The impacts on youth in particular are astounding, with shifts in learning platforms, limited social outlets, and prolonged uncertainty about the future. Surveys have shown that mental health among youth has severely suffered during the pandemic. However, limited research to date has reported on physiological indices of stress surrounding the pandemic, such as cortisol. Cortisol is a stress hormone that typically increases during stressful situations and can have deleterious effects on mental and physical health when chronically heightened. The present study leveraged hair cortisol concentration measurements, which allowed the retrospectiveinvestigation of circulating cortisol prior to- versus after pandemic-related local lockdowns during the first wave of the pandemic. A final sample of 44 youth ages 10- to 18-years-old provided hair samples and reported on their perceived affective well-being and level of concern regarding pandemic-related stressors between May and June of 2020. We found significant levels of concern and decreases in affective well-being following local lockdowns. Moreover, we saw that cortisol robustly increased following local lockdowns, and those increases were predictive of changes in affect. These findings provide critical insights into the underlying neuroendocrinology of stress during the pandemic and support the need for resources to support youths’ mental health and well-being during this globally significant event.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of BaTiO3 Nanoparticles for Anti-Cancer Activity
Authors: Fakhar-e-Alam M. , Saddique Samira , Hossain Nazia , Shahzad Aamir , Ullah Inaam , Sohail Amjad , Khan Muhammad Junaid Iqbal , Saadullah Malik
Published: September 2022

Barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanoparticles (BTNPs) have been considered as emerging materials in biomedical sector through last decades due to the excellent physicochemical properties such as dielectric and piezoelectric structures, biocompatibility, and nonlinear optical characteristics. In this study, BTNPs were synthesized via the co-precipitation method using barium carbonate and titanium dioxide by stirring for 5 h. Then, it was annealed at 850 °C for 5 h with five different concentrations: 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1 g/mL. The structural, morphological, and optical analyses were demonstrated by different characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman, and UV–visible spectroscopy. The perovskite phase of BTNPs, an intense peak at 31.6°, was observed at the lowest concentration (0.2 g/mL), and the average crystalline size was 1.42 nm based on XRD pattern. The results have been justified by SEM and EDX. TGA demonstrated the adequate thermal stability of this material. EDX analysis confirmed the composition of Ti, Ba, and O elements. Raman peaks at 305 cm−1 and 517 cm−1 confirmed the formation of BaTiO3. UV–visible spectra presented that its’ absorbance edge shifted into visible range at 404 nm. Application of BTNPs on breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) presented significant dispersion effect at 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 g/mL of BaTiO3. A strong toxicity rate of BaTiO3 has been observed against the MCF-7 cell line. Maximum % of cell viability loss, $$\cong$$
≅
57% was recorded at 200 µg/mL of BTNPs, and minimum % of cell viability loss was observed as 19% at 50 µg/mL of BTNPs. The results presented that a higher concentration of BTPNs dosage was more effective in inhibition of breast cancer cells. Therefore, BTNPs can be recommended as a promising nanomaterial for anti-cancer drug discovery.
Accelerating emergence: the causal (but contextual) effect of social impact accelerators on nascent for-profit social ventures
Authors: Kher Romi , Yang Shu , Newbert Scott L.
Published: September 2022

Given the legitimacy challenges faced by entrepreneurs, gaining access to the resources necessary to create viable new ventures is often difficult. Accordingly, scholars advocate that entrepreneurs align with high-status partners to convey that they are an accepted part of the sociocultural and organizational landscape. Although startup accelerators have been argued to play this supportive role for high-tech, high-growth ventures, it remains unclear whether they are effective at serving the needs of ventures pursuing social missions alongside business structures, or for-profit social ventures (FPSVs). To explore this issue, we examine whether social impact accelerators (SIAs), accelerators specifically designed to support FPSVs, help such ventures make the transition from mere ideas to viable organizations, a process known as emergence. To determine a causal relationship, we employ a quasi-experimental design and adopt propensity score matching with the nearest neighbor matching algorithm to study 7185 startups that applied to 383 accelerators worldwide from 2013 to 2019. By matching accepted startups to a control group of rejected startups, we find that SIAs, on average, facilitate new venture emergence, with accelerated FPSVs raising more external financing, earning more revenues, and hiring more full-time employees than their unaccelerated counterparts. These results hold when controlling for selection bias, thereby providing robust evidence for a causal relationship between acceleration and startup emergence. However, a subsequent subgroup analysis reveals that this causal effect is contingent across a breadth of “who,” “when,” and “where” contexts, highlighting the idiosyncratic differences that different startups face in the acceleration process.
Variational inference and sparsity in high-dimensional deep Gaussian mixture models
Authors: Kock Lucas , Klein Nadja , Nott David J.
Published: September 2022

Gaussian mixture models are a popular tool for model-based clustering, and mixtures of factor analyzers are Gaussian mixture models having parsimonious factor covariance structure for mixture components. There are several recent extensions of mixture of factor analyzers to deep mixtures, where the Gaussian model for the latent factors is replaced by a mixture of factor analyzers. This construction can be iterated to obtain a model with many layers. These deep models are challenging to fit, and we consider Bayesian inference using sparsity priors to further regularize the estimation. A scalable natural gradient variational inference algorithm is developed for fitting the model, and we suggest computationally efficient approaches to the architecture choice using overfitted mixtures where unnecessary components drop out in the estimation. In a number of simulated and two real examples, we demonstrate the versatility of our approach for high-dimensional problems, and demonstrate that the use of sparsity inducing priors can be helpful for obtaining improved clustering results.
Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation enhances testicular volume and hemodynamics, reproductive hormones, sperm quality, and seminal antioxidant capacity in goat bucks under summer hot humid conditions
Authors: El-Sherbiny Hossam R. , Abdelnaby Elshymaa A. , El-Shahat K. H. , Salem Noha Y. , Ramadan Eman S. , Yehia Shimaa G. , Fathi Mohamed
Published: September 2022

Oxidative stress (OS) is brought on by heat stress (HS), which weakens antioxidant defense and initiates OS. Since mitochondria are the primary source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), HS-mediated OS may be lessened by targeting mitochondria with particular antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of oral coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation on the reproductive performance of goat bucks under HS conditions. Ten mature bucks were randomly separated into two groups and housed in an environment with a high-temperature humidity index (THI: 88.3 to 94.8; summer season). The first group (n = 5) got the baseline diet while the second group (n = 5) received supplemental oral CoQ10 (3 mg/kg BW; CoQ10 group) daily for six weeks. Testicular blood flow parameters (TBF), testicular volume (TV) and echogenicity (TE), nitric oxide (NO), seminal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and catalase (CAT) activities, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and semen quality traits were all measured. The examinations started a week before (W-1), on the first supplementation day (W0), and weekly for eight consecutive weeks (W1-W8). There were marked (P < 0.05) increases in TBF (W3-W6) and TV, and a decrease in TE (W3-W5) in the CoQ10 group compared to the CON group. Similarly, testosterone (T) and NO levels (W3-W5) in the CoQ10 group were higher (P < 0.05) than those of the control group. The CoQ10 group demonstrated significant (P < 0.05) increases in seminal CAT (W4-W8) and TAC (W2-W6) activities and decreases in ALT (W4-W7) activity and MDA (W5-W8) concentration as compared to the control group. The CoQ10 group showed improvements (P < 0.05) at W3-W6 for sperm progressive motility, viability, and normal morphology and at W6-W8 for sperm concentration. In conclusion, oral CoQ10 supplementation improved testicular hemodynamics, testosterone production, semen quality, and antioxidant capacity in goat bucks during summer heat stress conditions.
Deglobalisierung, Rekonfiguration oder Business as Usual? COVID-19 und die Grenzen der Rückverlagerung globalisierter Produktion
Authors: Butollo Florian , Staritz Cornelia
Published: September 2022

Die wirtschaftlichen Erschütterungen infolge der COVID-19-Pandemie scheinen die Notwendigkeit einer geografischen Restrukturierung und Rückverlagerung der Produktion zu bestärken, führten sie doch die Verwundbarkeit der globalisierten Produktionsstrukturen vor Augen. Der Beitrag geht den Auswirkungen von COVID-19 auf die Geografie globaler Produktionsnetzwerke nach. In Abgrenzung zu unterkomplexen Perspektiven auf die Globalisierung wird deren multiskalarer und politisch gestalteter Charakter hervorgehoben. Basierend auf diesen theoretischen Überlegungen und Fallstudien zur Automobil‑, Elektronik- und Bekleidungsindustrie wird gefolgert, dass die COVID-19-Pandemie nicht als Auslöser für einen allgemeinen Rückbau der globalen Fertigung interpretiert werden kann, wohl aber bereits länger anhaltende Verschiebungen hin zu multipolaren Produktions- und Konsumstrukturen verstärkt. Zwar hat das Thema der Resilienz globaler Produktionsnetzwerke eine größere Aufmerksamkeit in der strategischen Planung von Unternehmen und der Industriepolitik von Staaten erhalten. Eine verstärkte Lokalisierung und Regionalisierung von Produktionsnetzwerken ist jedoch nur eine Strategie von mehreren und wurde bis jetzt kaum implementiert. Anhaltende Störungen der Lieferketten, steigende Transportkosten und vor allem geo- und umweltpolitisch motivierte Politiken könnten aber durchaus zu einem stärkeren Re- oder Nearshoring führen. Politische Bestrebungen in diese Richtung werden jedoch limitiert durch gewachsene weltwirtschaftliche Entwicklungspfade und die mit ihnen verbundenen Kräfteverhältnisse. Im Ausblick betont der Beitrag die Notwendigkeit einer umfassenden politisch motivierten Restrukturierung globaler Produktionsnetzwerke im Kontext der dringend gebotenen sozial-ökologischen Transformation.
Microcapillary cell extrusion deposition with picolitre dispensing resolution
Authors: Fathi Saeed , Lei Iek Man , Cao Yang , Huang Yan Yan Shery
Published: September 2022

Extrusion-based cell deposition has become a prominent technique for expanding bioprinting applications. However, the associated print resolution in the order of nanolitre or above has been a limiting factor. The demand for improving print resolution towards the scale of a single cell has driven the development of precision nozzle extrusion, although the benefits gained remain ambiguous. Here, aided by in situ imaging, we investigated the dynamics of cell organisation through an extrusion-based microcapillary tip with picolitre precision through in-air or immersion deposition. The microcapillary extrusion setup, termed ‘Picodis’, was demonstrated by generating droplets of colouring inks immersed in an immiscible medium. Next, using 3T3 fibroblast cells as an experimental model, we demonstrated the deposition of cell suspension, and pre-aggregated cell pellets. Then, the dynamic organisation of cells within the microcapillary tip was described, along with cell ejection and deposition upon exiting the tip opening. The vision-assisted approach revealed that when dispersed in a culture medium, the movements of cells were distinctive based on the flow profiles and were purely driven by laminar fluid flow within a narrow tip. The primary process limitations were cell sedimentation, aggregation and compaction, along with trapped air bubbles. The use of picolitre-level resolution microcapillary extrusion, although it provides some level of control for a small number of cells, does not necessarily offer a reliable method when a specified number of cells are required. Our study provides insights into the process limitations of high-resolution cell ink extrusion, which may be useful for optimising biofabrication processes of cell-laden constructs for biomedical research.
3D Printing Techniques for Paraffin-Based Fuel Grains
Authors: Gelain Riccardo , De Morais Bertoldi Artur Elias , Hauw Adrien , Hendrick Patrick
Published: September 2022

Hybrid rocket propulsion systems have proved to be a suitable option for some specific applications in the space transportation domain such as in launch vehicle upper stages, orbit transfer spacecrafts, decelerator engines for re-entry capsules, and small satellites launchers. Part of the renewed interest in hybrid rocket propulsion is due mainly to the safety aspects, cost reduction, and the use of paraffin-based fuel that impacts positively in terms of the solid fuel regression rate. However, paraffin solid fuel grains have poor structural characteristics and sometimes low performance due to the fuel internal ballistics behaviour. More recently, various studies have been carried out to overcome these drawbacks of paraffin-based fuels, such as the addition of energetic nano-sized metallic powder and 3D printing techniques. This study presents a review of the principal concepts of 3D printing processes and extrusion techniques that can be suitable for paraffin grains manufacturing and the conceptual design of a prototype for a 3D printer system under development at the Aero-Thermo-Mechanics Department of Université Libre de Bruxelles.
Drivers influencing climate of growing cities
Authors: Mujumdar Sanskriti , Pandit Chirayu , Patel Akash
Published: September 2022

Population growth and affordable housing have boosted realty sector and urban sprawl in India. Understanding the interrelation between urbanization and local climate, though complex, is the need of the hour and the focus of this study. An analysis of the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) on temperature and precipitation was carried out, and it confirms the change in the local urban climate. A Clausius-Clapeyron (CC) scaling relationship has been developed between the range of daily maximum temperature and precipitation for finding precipitation intensity, which is influenced by a rise in maximum temperature. Land use and land cover change derived for the period 1970–2017 from Landsat images were used to understand the effect of urbanization on average daily temperature and extreme precipitation. Multivariate ENSO Index and Global Temperature Anomalies were taken as global physical drivers. Urbanization growth rate anomalies, annual mean temperature anomalies, and summer mean temperature anomalies were taken as local physical drivers that affect one-day extreme precipitation. 22 combinations of these physical drivers were used as covariates to develop extreme value models. Models were evaluated with the L-R test and AIC. It is found that global average temperature and urbanization, individually as well as in combination with local summer mean temperature, were found to be influencing local extreme precipitation. Changes in precipitation patterns have a direct impact on urban water management.
Robotic on-site adaptive thin-layer printing: Challenges and workflow for design and fabrication of bespoke cementitious plasterwork at full architectural scale
Authors: Ercan Jenny Selen , Mitterberger Daniela , Lloret-Fritschi Ena , Vasey Lauren , Sounigo Eliott , Tsai Ping-Hsun , Aejmelaeus-Lindström Petrus , Jenny David , Gramazio Fabio , Kohler Matthias
Published: September 2022

This paper describes the 1:1 scale application of Robotic Plaster Spraying (RPS), a novel, adaptive thin-layer printing technique, using cementitious base coat plaster, realized in a construction setting. In this technique, the print layers are vertical unlike most 3DCP processes. The goal is to explore the applicability and scalability of this spray-based printing technique. In this study, RPS is combined with an augmented interactive design setup, the Interactive Robotic Plastering (IRoP), which allows users to design directly on the construction site, taking the building structure, as-built state of the on-going fabrication and the material behavior into consideration. The experimental setup is an on-site robotic system that consists of a robotic arm mounted on a semi-mobile vertical axis with an integrated, automated pumping and adaptive spraying setup that is equipped with a depth camera. The user interaction is enabled by a controller-based interaction system, interactive design tools, and an augmented reality interface. The paper presents the challenges and the workflow that is needed to work with a complex material system on-site to produce bespoke plasterwork. The workflow includes an interactive design procedure, localization on-site, process control and a data collection method that enables predicting the behavior of complex-to-simulate cementitious material. The results demonstrate the applicability and scalability of the adaptive thin-layer printing technique and address the challenges, such as maintaining material continuity and working with unpredictable material behavior during the fabrication process.
International Commercial Mediation
Authors: Feehily Ronán
Published: September 2022

In this comprehensive comparative study, Ronán Feehily analyses the legal and regulatory issues surrounding international commercial mediation and discusses their implications in a range of settings. While existing literature tends to cover mediation in general, Feehily places the commercial mediation process in its legal and regulatory context, offering an original contribution to the field. The book identifies the controversies that arise from the mediation process across numerous jurisdictions and discusses them in detail. Comparing the mediation process in Europe, North America and Australia, as well as other common, civil and 'mixed' jurisdictions, Feehily demonstrates where systemic differences are transcended and where they are significant. Organised systematically and written in an accessible style, Feehily offers an international, holistic guide to the commercial mediation process.
Change Visible from a Distance: Digital Analysis of theFetvas of OttomanŞeyhülislams in the Early Modern Era
Authors: Ergene Boğaç , Kaygun Atabey
Published: September 2022

Using a distant reading methodology, the article examines the thematic compositions offetvacompilations by four Ottomanşeyhülislams in the early modern era. Our analysis of thefetvas from the late 17th and early 18th centuries reveal that the majority of these opinions concerned a small number of issues, including women, family problems, contractual matters, and disputes and litigations. The article also demonstrates that the representation offetvas with such concerns increased compared to what we find in the opinions of Ebussuud Efendi, a 16th-centuryşeyhülislam. But interest in religious issues, non-Muslims, and taxation declined over time. Finally, the article proposes computational procedures to identify the complex contextual characteristics of theşeyhülislams’ opinions.
Legislating Medicare Fraud: The Politics of Self-Regulation and the Creation of Professional Standards Review Organizations
Authors: DOLAN BRIAN , BEITLER STEVEN
Published: September 2022

Not long after the 1966 enactment of Medicare and Medicaid, evidence emerged that unscrupulous physicians and health care organizations were gaming the system. Research over the past 50 years shows that around 10 percent of the federal government’s annual cost for these programs is attributed to fraudulent claims or abuses where hospitals and treatments have been overused for undue provider profit. This article examines early congressional attention to this problem and describes lawmakers’ attempts to find legislative solutions to it. It historicizes the dilemma of balancing the ideological limits of government regulation with cultural assumptions about professional self-regulation, focusing on a major 1972 law, the Professional Standards Review Organization (PSRO) Act. The law launched a 10-year career for PSROs, physician-staffed peer-review boards designed to identify and sanction efforts to overcharge Medicare. The article contextualizes multiple actors’ concerns over cost containment and the crisis of faith in medical authority that persisted following failures to control professional malfeasance.
Examining the Opposition to the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990: “Nothing More than Bad Quality Hogwash”
Authors: MILDEN IAN
Published: September 2022

This article examines the divide within the Republican Party between business interests and conservative evangelicals during the debate over the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA). Business interests were able to build compromises by raising their concerns over practical matters such as costs. Conservative evangelicals advocated for changes due to their moral and ideological positions on homosexuality and HIV. Conservative evangelicals did not receive their desired changes because they constructed their concerns with public safety themes. This led to conservative evangelicals and their opponents talking past each other instead of addressing their concerns. The dynamics shown from the opposition of conservative evangelicals in the ADA debate demonstrate that their influence in elections did not lead to dominance within the Republican Party in shaping policy.
Sailors, Crimps, and Commerce: Laws Protecting Seamen, 1866–1884
Authors: SULLIVAN KATHLEEN
Published: September 2022

Nineteenth-century seamen were subject to exploitation by boardinghouse keepers who recouped seamen’s debt by pocketing their advance wages from a future voyage. New York’s 1866 Act for the Better Protection of Seamen, the U.S. Shipping Commissioners Act of 1872, and the 1884 Dingley Act all purported to respond to this practice of “crimping,” but each of these acts simply allowed for new arrangements that continued to exact money from seamen. Even when corruption or collusion operated and were publicly known, such practices were tolerated because they continued to provide a steady supply of maritime labor, which promoted maritime commerce. This article considers the misleading political development of this legislation in the context of the early years of spoils reform.
From grassland to forest: the puzzle of land tenure and forest conservation in Costa Rica (1962–2014)
Authors: Picado-Umaña Wilson , Botella-Rodríguez Elisa
Published: September 2022

This article discusses Costa Rica’s policies and institutions created by the state to redistribute land during the 1960s and 1970s, when Latin American was implementing agrarian reforms. The paper also addresses the creation of the national parks system and forest conservation state policy supported by different scientific organisations during the same period. Within this context, this research seeks to explore the interface between the agrarian question (surrounding land and agrarian reform) and the ecological question (related to forest, national parks and conservation policies). The study examines how the transformations in land tenure and forest conservation have led to the structuring of a ‘new agrarian question’, which encompasses the concentration of land as well as the concentration of payments for environmental services.
the space between the riot and i
Authors: Royale Majesty
Published: September 2022

the space between the riot and i is a solo performed by Majesty Royale that uses movement and sound to investigate alternative modes of existence, memory, and ghostly inhabitance. The work exposes the physical body and sensorial landscape to rigorous transformation located in the liminal space between “here-now” and “then-there.” Majesty becomes a channel to emergent mythologies of the underworld with ritual practices derived from Black southern culture: sampling, chanting, sermon-ing, and marching.

Majesty Royale is a dancer, shaper, sound explorer, and ghost. Majesty grew up in the land of the Eno and Occaneechi peoples (Durham, NC) and is based in Lenni-Lenape land (Philadelphia, PA). Majesty is a graduate of the University of the Arts (BFA Dance), 2020 Pina Bausch Choreography Fellow, and 2021 New York Live Arts Fresh Tracks Artist. https://www.glitterboiwonder.com/
„Was ist denn jetzt die richtige Lösung?“
Authors: Bertram Mathias
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir das Konzept des Fallorientierten Lernens im Dörthe-Krause-Institut in Herdecke vor. Es hat sich zu einem curricularen Kernelement der Ausbildung zur Pflegefachperson nach dem Pflegeberufegesetz von 2017 an unserem Institut entwickelt. Wir beschreiben es im Umriss, geben ein Beispiel und reflektieren kritisch sowohl sein Potential als auch die mit ihm verbundenen Probleme.
Pflege stärken – Weiterbildungen von Profis für Profis
Authors: Breitbach Verena
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung. Die Stiftung Humor Hilft Heilen engagiert sich für mehr humorvolle, zwischenmenschliche Begegnungen im Gesundheitswesen unter dem Motto „Begegnungen auf Augenhöhe – mit Augenzwinkern“. Zur Stärkung der Pflege bietet sie deutschlandweit Humorworkshops in Einrichtungen des Gesundheitswesens an, ein Curriculum für Pflegeschüler_innen mit Inhalten, die in der Ausbildung oft zu kurz kommen sowie ein Seminar für Praxisanleiter_innen, damit sie neue Kolleg_innen motivieren können.
Estimating Land Loss in River Deltas
Authors: El-Said Mohammed
Published: September 2022

Some deltas are susceptible to land loss during sea level rise, whereas others gain land because of changes in the courses of rivers.
Training data selection for accuracy and transferability of interatomic potentials
Authors: Montes de Oca Zapiain David , Wood Mitchell A. , Lubbers Nicholas , Pereyra Carlos Z. , Thompson Aidan P. , Perez Danny
Published: September 2022

Advances in machine learning (ML) have enabled the development of interatomic potentials that promise the accuracy of first principles methods and the low-cost, parallel efficiency of empirical potentials. However, ML-based potentials struggle to achieve transferability, i.e., provide consistent accuracy across configurations that differ from those used during training. In order to realize the promise of ML-based potentials, systematic and scalable approaches to generate diverse training sets need to be developed. This work creates a diverse training set for tungsten in an automated manner using an entropy optimization approach. Subsequently, multiple polynomial and neural network potentials are trained on the entropy-optimized dataset. A corresponding set of potentials are trained on an expert-curated dataset for tungsten for comparison. The models trained to the entropy-optimized data exhibited superior transferability compared to the expert-curated models. Furthermore, the models trained to the expert-curated set exhibited a significant decrease in performance when evaluated on out-of-sample configurations.
Designing a monitoring program for aflatoxin B1 in feed products using machine learning
Authors: Wang X. , Bouzembrak Y. , Oude Lansink A. G. J. M. , van der Fels-Klerx H. J.
Published: September 2022

Agricultural commodities used for feed and food production are frequently contaminated with mycotoxins, such as Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). In Europe, both the government and companies have monitoring programs in place for the presence of AFB1. With limited resources and following risk-based monitoring as prescribed in EU Regulation 2017/625, these monitoring programs focus on batches with the highest probability of being contaminated. This study explored the use of machine learning algorithms (ML) to design risk-based monitoring programs for AFB1 in feed products, considering both monitoring cost and model performance. Historical monitoring data for the presence of AFB1 in feed products (2005–2018; 5605 records in total) were used. Four different ML algorithms, including Decision tree, Logistic regression, Support vector machine and Extreme gradient boosting (XGB), were applied and compared to predict the high-risk feed batches to be considered for further AFB1 sampling and analysis. The monitoring cost included the cost of: sampling and analysis, disease burden, storage, and of recalling and destroying contaminated feed batches. The ML algorithms were able to predict the high-risk batches, with an AUC, recall, and accuracy higher than 0.8, 0.6, and 0.9, respectively. The XGB algorithm outperformed the other three investigated ML. Its incorporation would result into up to 96% reduction in monitoring cost in 2016–2018, as compared to the official monitoring program. The proposed approach for designing risk based monitoring programs can support authorities and industries to reduce the monitoring cost for other food safety hazards as well.
Evolution of stickleback spines through independent cis-regulatory changes at HOXDB
Authors: Wucherpfennig Julia I. , Howes Timothy R. , Au Jessica N. , Au Eric H. , Roberts Kingman Garrett A. , Brady Shannon D. , Herbert Amy L. , Reimchen Thomas E. , Bell Michael A. , Lowe Craig B. , Dalziel Anne C. , Kingsley David M.
Published: September 2022

Understanding the mechanisms leading to new traits or additional features in organisms is a fundamental goal of evolutionary biology. We show that HOXDB regulatory changes have been used repeatedly in different fish genera to alter the length and number of the prominent dorsal spines used to classify stickleback species. In Gasterosteus aculeatus (typically ‘three-spine sticklebacks’), a variant HOXDB allele is genetically linked to shortening an existing spine and adding an additional spine. In Apeltes quadracus (typically ‘four-spine sticklebacks’), a variant HOXDB allele is associated with lengthening a spine and adding an additional spine in natural populations. The variant alleles alter the same non-coding enhancer region in the HOXDB locus but do so by diverse mechanisms, including single-nucleotide polymorphisms, deletions and transposable element insertions. The independent regulatory changes are linked to anterior expansion or contraction of HOXDB expression. We propose that associated changes in spine lengths and numbers are partial identity transformations in a repeating skeletal series that forms major defensive structures in fish. Our findings support the long-standing hypothesis that natural Hox gene variation underlies key patterning changes in wild populations and illustrate how different mutational mechanisms affecting the same region may produce opposite gene expression changes with similar phenotypic outcomes.
Comprehensive evidence implies a higher social cost of CO2
Authors: Rennert Kevin , Errickson Frank , Prest Brian C. , Rennels Lisa , Newell Richard G. , Pizer William , Kingdon Cora , Wingenroth Jordan , Cooke Roger , Parthum Bryan , Smith David , Cromar Kevin , Diaz Delavane , Moore Frances C. , Müller Ulrich K. , Plevin Richard J. , Raftery Adrian E. , Ševčíková Hana , Sheets Hannah , Stock James H. , Tan Tammy , Watson Mark , Wong Tony E. , Anthoff David
Published: September 2022

The social cost of carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) measures the monetized value of the damages to society caused by an incremental metric tonne of CO2 emissions and is a key metric informing climate policy. Used by governments and other decision-makers in benefit–cost analysis for over a decade, SC-CO2 estimates draw on climate science, economics, demography and other disciplines. However, a 2017 report by the US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine1 (NASEM) highlighted that current SC-CO2 estimates no longer reflect the latest research. The report provided a series of recommendations for improving the scientific basis, transparency and uncertainty characterization of SC-CO2 estimates. Here we show that improved probabilistic socioeconomic projections, climate models, damage functions, and discounting methods that collectively reflect theoretically consistent valuation of risk, substantially increase estimates of the SC-CO2. Our preferred mean SC-CO2 estimate is $185 per tonne of CO2 ($44–$413 per tCO2: 5%–95% range, 2020 US dollars) at a near-term risk-free discount rate of 2%, a value 3.6 times higher than the US government’s current value of $51 per tCO2. Our estimates incorporate updated scientific understanding throughout all components of SC-CO2 estimation in the new open-source Greenhouse Gas Impact Value Estimator (GIVE) model, in a manner fully responsive to the near-term NASEM recommendations. Our higher SC-CO2 values, compared with estimates currently used in policy evaluation, substantially increase the estimated benefits of greenhouse gas mitigation and thereby increase the expected net benefits of more stringent climate policies.
A comparison of deep learning U-Net architectures for posterior segment OCT retinal layer segmentation
Authors: Kugelman Jason , Allman Joseph , Read Scott A. , Vincent Stephen J. , Tong Janelle , Kalloniatis Michael , Chen Fred K. , Collins Michael J. , Alonso-Caneiro David
Published: September 2022

Deep learning methods have enabled a fast, accurate and automated approach for retinal layer segmentation in posterior segment OCT images. Due to the success of semantic segmentation methods adopting the U-Net, a wide range of variants and improvements have been developed and applied to OCT segmentation. Unfortunately, the relative performance of these methods is difficult to ascertain for OCT retinal layer segmentation due to a lack of comprehensive comparative studies, and a lack of proper matching between networks in previous comparisons, as well as the use of different OCT datasets between studies. In this paper, a detailed and unbiased comparison is performed between eight U-Net architecture variants across four different OCT datasets from a range of different populations, ocular pathologies, acquisition parameters, instruments and segmentation tasks. The U-Net architecture variants evaluated include some which have not been previously explored for OCT segmentation. Using the Dice coefficient to evaluate segmentation performance, minimal differences were noted between most of the tested architectures across the four datasets. Using an extra convolutional layer per pooling block gave a small improvement in segmentation performance for all architectures across all four datasets. This finding highlights the importance of careful architecture comparison (e.g. ensuring networks are matched using an equivalent number of layers) to obtain a true and unbiased performance assessment of fully semantic models. Overall, this study demonstrates that the vanilla U-Net is sufficient for OCT retinal layer segmentation and that state-of-the-art methods and other architectural changes are potentially unnecessary for this particular task, especially given the associated increased complexity and slower speed for the marginal performance gains observed. Given the U-Net model and its variants represent one of the most commonly applied image segmentation methods, the consistent findings across several datasets here are likely to translate to many other OCT datasets and studies. This will provide significant value by saving time and cost in experimentation and model development as well as reduced inference time in practice by selecting simpler models.
The relationship between shape perception accuracy and drawing ability
Authors: Robles K. E. , Bies A. J. , Lazarides S. , Sereno M. E.
Published: September 2022

Accurate shape perception is critical for object perception, identification, manipulation, and recreation. Humans are capable of making judgements of both objective (physical) and projective (retinal) shape. Objective judgements benefit from a global approach by incorporating context to overcome the effects of viewing angle on an object’s shape, whereas projective judgements benefit from a local approach to filter out contextual information. Realistic drawing skill requires projective judgements of 3D targets to accurately depict 3D shape on a 2D surface, thus benefiting from a local approach. The current study used a shape perception task that comprehensively tests the effects of context on shape perception, in conjunction with a drawing task and several possible measures of local processing bias, to show that the perceptual basis of drawing skill in neurotypical adults is not due to a local processing bias. Perceptual flexibility, the ability to process local or global information as needed, is discussed as a potential mechanism driving both accurate shape judgements and realistic drawing.
Twin-arginine translocase component TatB performs folding quality control via a chaperone-like activity
Authors: Taw May N. , Boock Jason T. , Sotomayor Belen , Kim Daniel , Rocco Mark A. , Waraho-Zhmayev Dujduan , DeLisa Matthew P.
Published: September 2022

The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway involves an inbuilt quality control (QC) system that synchronizes the proofreading of substrate protein folding with lipid bilayer transport. However, the molecular details of this QC mechanism remain poorly understood. Here, we hypothesized that the conformational state of Tat substrates is directly sensed by the TatB component of the bacterial Tat translocase. In support of this hypothesis, several TatB variants were observed to form functional translocases in vivo that had compromised QC activity as evidenced by the uncharacteristic export of several misfolded protein substrates. These variants each possessed cytoplasmic membrane-extrinsic domains that were either truncated or mutated in the vicinity of a conserved, highly flexible α-helical domain. In vitro folding experiments revealed that the TatB membrane-extrinsic domain behaved like a general molecular chaperone, transiently binding to highly structured, partially unfolded intermediates of a model protein, citrate synthase, in a manner that prevented its irreversible aggregation and stabilized the active species. Collectively, these results suggest that the Tat translocase may use chaperone-like client recognition to monitor the conformational status of its substrates.
Passive symmetry breaking of the space–time propagation in cavity dissipative solitons
Authors: Parshani Idan , Bello Leon , Meller Mallachi-Elia , Pe’er Avi
Published: September 2022

Dissipative solitons are fundamental wave-pulses that preserve their form in the presence of periodic loss and gain. The canonical realization of dissipative solitons is Kerr-lens mode locking in lasers, which delicately balance nonlinear and linear propagation in both time and space to generate ultrashort optical pulses. This linear-nonlinear balance dictates a unique pulse energy, which cannot be increased (say by elevated pumping), indicating that excess energy is expected to be radiated in the form of dispersive or diffractive waves. Here we show that Kerr-lens mode-locked lasers can overcome this expectation. Specifically, by breaking the spatial symmetry between the forward and backward halves of the round-trip in a linear cavity, the laser can modify the soliton in space to incorporate the excess energy. Increasing the pump power leads therefore to a different soliton solution, rather than to dispersive/diffractive loss. We predict this symmetry breaking by a complete numerical simulation of the spatio-temporal dynamics in the cavity, and confirm it experimentally in a Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:Sapphire laser with quantitative agreement to the simulation. The simulation opens a window to directly observe the nonlinear space-time dynamics that molds the soliton pulse, and possibly to optimize it.
Heatwave–blocking relation change likely dominates over decrease in blocking frequency under global warming
Authors: Chan Pak Wah , Catto Jennifer L. , Collins Matthew
Published: September 2022

Extra-tropical continental summer heatwaves often occur under persistent anticyclones or blocking. Here we partition heatwave changes into contributions from blocking changes, heatwave–blocking relation change and mean temperature increase, under global warming in climate models. We employ an optimized blocking index that best correlates with heatwaves (Pearson correlation of 0.7) and find heatwave-driving blocking decreases but the change in heatwave–blocking relation likely dominates. Over Europe, with a historical heatwave frequency of 2.5%, less blocking will cause 0.6% fewer heatwaves, steepened heatwave–blocking relation will cause 1.4% more heatwaves, and the mean temperature increase will cause 60% more heatwaves. Over Greenland, flattened heatwave–blocking relation will dominate over the insignificant decrease in blocking. The future increase in heatwave frequency is not caused by changes in blocking frequency, but by factors such as thermodynamics, that enhance the capacity of blocking to drive heatwaves.
Selective recruitment of stress-responsive mRNAs to ribosomes for translation by acetylated protein S1 during nutrient stress in Escherichia coli
Authors: Zhang Bai-Qing , Chen Zong-Qin , Dong Yu-Qi , You Di , Zhou Ying , Ye Bang-Ce
Published: September 2022

The chemical modification of ribosomes plays an important regulatory role in cellular translation adaptation in response to environmental stresses. Nevertheless, how the modified ribosome reprograms the translation machinery for the preferential expression of the specific mRNAs encoding stress-responsive proteins to stress remains poorly understood. Here, we find that AcP-induced acetylation of K411 and K464 in ribosomal protein S1 during carbon-nitrogen imbalance, which in turn impacts its binding with distinct mRNAs. S1 acetylation shows differential selectivity for recruiting subsets of mRNAs to ribosomes. Using the RNC-Seq method, we find that mimic acetylated S1 prefers transcripts related with the formation of flagella/biofilms, two-component systems, nitrogen assimilation, amino acid degradation, and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, whereas inhibits the translation of mRNAs involved in amino acid biosynthesis and most ribosomal proteins. Importantly, further characterization of S1-binding site (SBS) sequences of mRNAs with different translation efficiencies indicated that the presence of a conserved motif allows coordinated regulation of S1 acetylation-driven translation reprogramming for cell survival during nitrogen starvation. These findings expand the repertoire of ribosome heterogeneity to the acetylation level of S1 at specific sites and its role in the ribosome-mediated regulation of gene expression as a cellular response at the translational level to stress.
Dual-electron-enhanced effect in K-doped MoS2 few layers for high electrocatalytic activity as the counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Yan Yuna , Shen Gang , Song Rui , Hong Kunquan
Published: September 2022

The dual-electron-path-enhancement effect enhances the electrocatalytic activity.
Ba2[WO3F(IO3)][WO3F2]: the first polar fluorinated tungsten iodate featuring a direct W–O–I bond
Authors: Hou Ying , Li Hongyi , Wu Hongping , Yu Hongwei , Hu Zhanggui , Wang Jiyang , Wu Yicheng
Published: September 2022

The first polar fluorinated tungsten iodate Ba2[WO3F(IO3)][WO3F2] with a direct W–O–I bond has been successfully synthesized.
Immobilization of molecular complexes on graphitized carbon cloth as stable and hybrid electrocatalysts for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Murthy Ram , Chittor Neelakantan Sundaresan
Published: September 2022

The mechanism of the overall water splitting reaction.