bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The roles of image and value on the satisfaction about the service quality of postgraduate education
Authors: Nguyen Vi Thi Tuong , Le Tung Huu Thanh , Le Chon Trung , Nguyen Thanh Duy
Published: September 2018

This study investigates the roles of image and value on the satisfaction about the service quality of postgraduate education. Based on a survey of 2,479 respondents who are graduated students from the Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicate the service quality (lecturer quality, administrator quality, and facility); the values (knowledge value, emotional value, social value, and monetary sacrifice); and image. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) finds that the image has an influence on the service quality; both image and service quality have the significant impact on the value; the value is a major determinant of the satisfaction.
Apply modified cotton by m-DMDHEU and choline cloride to separate ion CrO4 2- , H2AsO4 - in water solution
Authors: Nguyen Dang Thuong , Pham Quan Thanh , Tran Trung Chi
Published: September 2018

In this article, cotton is modified by m- DMDHEU and choline chloride. The modified cotton can adsorb and ion exchange ion CrO4 2- , H2AsO4 - in water solution as effectively as anionit resin. The material are activated by soaking in 24 h with mixed m-DMDHEU and choline chloride, then dried and activated in 1 h at 140 oC, all residual reactants was removed by water. Adsorption and ion exchange process were studied with a model solution contained ion CrO4 2- , H2AsO4 - in different conditions. Results showed that the modified cotton is able to adsorb ion CrO4 2- , H2AsO4 - of the model, solution is nearly completely, respectively 99,95 % and 99,60 %; the values of anionit resin is respectively 97,99 % and 97,60 % at pH=7,0.
C2H5OH and LPG sensing properties of -Fe2O3 microflowers prepared by hydrothermal route
Authors: Luong Phuoc Huu , Do Tho Duc , Nguyen Dien Dac , Vu Hien Xuan , Dang Vuong Duc
Published: September 2018

The flower-like micron-structure of α-Fe2O3 was synthesized via hydrothermal treatment at 140 C for 24 h using Fe(NO3)3.9H2O and Na2SO4 as the precursors. A thin film constructed by the as-prepared material was created by spin coating technique. The structure, morphology, and composition of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The α-Fe2O3 microflowers (MFs) with average diameter of several micrometers are assembled of nanorods which possess average diameter and length of 40 nm and hundred nm, respectively. The gas sensing properties of α-Fe2O3 film were tested with ethanol (C2H5OH) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) at the operating temperatures of 225–400 °C. The sensor response of the α-Fe2O3 film reached highest sensitivity to C2H5OH and LPG at 275 C and 350 °C, respectively. The thin film exhibited higher sensitivity and lower working temperature to C2H5OH than those to LPG. The film can detect minimum concentration of 250 ppm C2H5OH. The response time of the film to C2H5OH is approximately 30 s.
Impact of the biodestruction on wooden buildings of the Bialystok open air museum.
Authors: Perebynos Alona , Kryvomaz Tetiana
Published: September 2018

The article describes the state of the buildings of the Bialystok open air museum (Poland). The preliminary survey of biodestruction in the Bialystok open air museum shows that wooden buildings are in good condition and 92% of historical and architectural constructions were estimated to the second category of technical state. Buildings were examined to identify kinds of biological agents by using an algorithm of the monitoring of historical monuments. The main biodestructions of wooden constructions was made by insects, lichens, algae films and colonies of microfungi. In the article a comparison of biodestruction impact was made for Bialystok and skansen «Pyrogovo» (Ukraine). Entomological damage prevails among biodestructions of wooden elements of historical and architectural structures both in the Bialystok skansen and in the «Pyrogovo».
Une nouvelle base de données de stocks de capital physique pour la Chine (1952-2016)
Authors: Long Zhiming , Herrera Rémy
Published: September 2018

Il n’existe pas, à ce jour, de données statistiques officielles de la Chine relatives aux stocks de capital physique. Ce manque handicape les études portant sur la croissance économique de ce pays. Des séries de stocks de capital sont certes proposées dans la littérature, mais la plupart des travaux empiriques disponibles sur ce sujet présentent des insuffisances. L’objet de cet article est de construire des séries statistiques de stocks de capital physique pour la Chine, les plus fiables et longues possibles. Nos séries originales sont ainsi mises à la disposition de la communauté des économètres pour réaliser de nouvelles études empiriques sur la Chine en longue période (1952-2016). CODES JEL : C13, C22, C52, C82, E22, E31, O53
Les effets de la qualité des institutions sur l’innovation
Authors: Mrad Fatma , Bouaziz Nourhen
Published: September 2018

Ce travail a pour objet d’analyser la relation entre la qualité des institutions et l’innovation. Les études empiriques disponibles ont analysé cette relation pour le cas des firmes. Par rapport à ces études, nous estimons cinq modèles de panel dynamique par la Méthode des Moments Généralisés pour un échantillon de 53 pays (composé de 17 pays développés et 36 pays en développement et émergents) observés sur la période 1996-2013. L’accent est mis sur trois variables institutionnelles à savoir : le contrôle de la corruption, l’efficacité des pouvoirs publics et la qualité de la réglementation et sur deux indicateurs synthétiques institutionnels. Les résultats des estimations indiquent que l’intensification de la lutte contre la corruption favorise l’innovation. De plus, l’innovation est stimulée par un environnement institutionnel caractérisé par une intervention efficace du gouvernement dans l’économie et par la mise en place des politiques saines et des réglementations solides. Codes JEL : O31, O5, O17, H1, K
Entrepreneuriat et innovation au cœur d’un territoire : le cas des femmes entrepreneures sociales des quartiers
Authors: Notais Amélie , Tixier Julie
Published: September 2018

Cet article pose la question suivante : dans quelle mesure les femmes des quartiers construisent-elles un modèle innovant de l’entrepreneuriat ? Il s’appuie sur l’étude d’une expérimentation sociale visant à former les femmes à l’entrepreneuriat social au cœur de La Courneuve (Seine Saint-Denis, France). Il dresse le portrait de l’entrepreneuriat dans sa diversité « pluriel(le) et métissé(e) » (Germain, 2017). La méthodologie qualitative se fonde principalement sur les récits des entrepreneures. C’est une conception singulière de la notion de l’entrepreneur, de l’entrepreneuriat et de l’implication des parties prenantes que proposent ces femmes. Cette réflexion conduit vers de multiples figures de l’ entrepreneuring . Chacune entreprend le territoire pour un mieux vivre-ensemble. Elles engagent toutes un mouvement citoyen et innovent socialement. Codes JEL : M
La créativité sous influence du genre : comment le genre de l’individu influe sur la créativité de groupe dans les organisations
Authors: Parmentier Guy , Le Loarne-Lemaire Séverine
Published: September 2018

La littérature en créativité prône l’impact positif de la diversité au sein du groupe créatif mais s’intéresse peu à la place de la diversité de genre et à son impact sur la qualité de la créativité du groupe. Cet article questionne l’impact de la composition du groupe en termes de genre sur la performance créative et sur le jugement que l’organisation peut avoir de la créativité des groupes. Il examine aussi l’effet du genre des évaluateurs sur l’évaluation des idées. Se fondant sur deux études expérimentales respectivement menées auprès de 99 professionnels et de 463 étudiants, nous confirmons qu’il n’y a pas de différence de performance créative entre hommes et femmes. En revanche, les hommes et les femmes évaluent différemment les idées. Enfin, s’il n’y a pas de plafond de verre d’idées émises par des femmes, les idées émises par les groupes mixtes sont moins sélectionnées par l’organisation. Codes JEL  : M14
Les usages du brevet : vers une définition du brevet comme mécanisme de gouvernance des activités d’innovation des organisations
Authors: Mandard Matthieu
Published: September 2018

L’objectif de cet article est de proposer un cadre analytique qui répertorie les usages du brevet. Pour ce faire, nous proposons de remettre en question la définition traditionnelle du brevet comme mécanisme de protection des innovations pour le définir plus largement comme un mécanisme de gouvernance des activités d’innovation des organisations, et ce au niveau intra- comme inter-organisationnel. Nous montrons ainsi que le brevet a quatre principaux usages – indicateur d’activité, outil de motivation, vecteur de réputation et mécanisme de protection – dont nous présentons les modalités de mise en œuvre ainsi que les limites. Nous discutons finalement les implications scientifiques et managériales de ce cadre d’analyse. CODES JEL : L20, O32
La cité cultuelle tchadienne au miroir de la lutte anti-terroriste ou les enjeux de pouvoir d’une labellisation religieuse subversive
Authors: Racine Clémentine , Mahamat Mustapha Ali
Published: September 2018

Cet article se penche sur les rapports de pouvoir au sein du champ islamique tchadien, plus précisément entre le Conseil supérieur des affaires islamiques (CSAI), instance officielle en charge de la communauté musulmane, et l’association salafiste aujourd’hui dissoute Jamat Ansar Al Sunna Al Mohammadiya. La question posée est celle de l’articulation d’un discours sur la lutte antiterroriste islamiste mondiale avec d’autres formes de rationalités propres aux configurations du pouvoir religieux tchadien. La perspective internationale qui associe religiosité affirmée et extrémisme violent est réappropriée par les élites islamiques qui en font un outil étatique de stigmatisation de toute vision religieuse non conventionnelle. Le recours sur la scène tchadienne à un discours international sur le terrorisme islamiste mobilisant le double répertoire de l’islam « subversif » et « légitime » contribue à la conflictualité du champ musulman, tout en traçant et en déplaçant la frontière entre pouvoir politique et religion.
La professionnalisation des associations, source ou perte de sens pour l’action bénévole ? Étude du cas Surfrider Foundation Europe
Authors: Ospital David , Templier Cendrine
Published: September 2018

Le secteur associatif connaît de profondes mutations qui transforment ses relations avec les acteurs publics et privés, et le conduisent à se professionnaliser. Cette dynamique de professionnalisation génère un certain nombre de contraintes et d’atouts qui modifient les rapports d’équilibre entre acteurs internes. Dans cet article, nous présentons les résultats d’une étude de cas, qui se présente comme un archétype de la problématique des associations soucieuses de préserver le sens de l’action bénévole. L’association Surfrider Foundation Europe a connu une période de fort développement qui l’a conduite à se professionnaliser et à questionner le rôle et la place de l’action bénévole dans son projet associatif. La démarche de recherche est ethno-méthodologique. L’analyse des résultats débouche sur une grille d’intelligibilité de l’action bénévole et la proposition de recommandations pour le pilotage de la professionnalisation des organisations associatives.
Risk and Economic Analysis of Greenhouse Cucumber and Tomato Cropping Systems in Oman
Authors: Ishag Kheiry Hassan M. , Al Rawahy Muthir Saleh Said Al
Published: September 2018

The agriculture investment decision affected by risk of capital and operation cost, yield and sale price of planted crops. This study examined risk of investment in green-house cucumber and tomato production and optimum mix of crop pattern at Al Batinah, Al Sharqiya Regions of Oman. The net present value with Monte Carlo simulation models are used to test risk efficiency and project viability. The result indicated that investment in two green-houses and growing one tomato crop and two cucumber crops (Tom1Cuc2) per year is more profitable and risk aversion. Stochastic Efficiency with Respect to a Function (SERF) performed and confirmed that (Tom1Cuc2) is the most risk efficient cropping system and got a positive NPV with 62% probability followed by growing tomato crop in two seasons with a positive NPV with probability of 58%. The study concluded tomato and cucumber producers are faced with different production and financial situations and their risk preferences play an important role in determining their production decisions. Risk premium analysis shows that greenhouse tomato growers need to be paid up to RO 2 847 to keep growing tomato instead of (Tom1Cuc2) cropping system. Greenhouse cucumber growers can sacrifices of RO 5 373 to justify not to switch from planting cucumber to grow (Tom1Cuc2) cropping system. Government subsidy should be given to farmers to construct new greenhouses to maximize their resource use efficiency, benefit from extended cropping season, protect their crops from adverse environmental conditions and increase food security.
Automatic Visual Inspection of Grains Quality In Agroindustry 4.0
Authors: Macedo Robson Aparecido Gomes de , Marques Wilson Dias , Belan Peterson Adriano , Arujo Sidnei Alves
Published: September 2018

With the advent of Industry 4.0, the use of new technologies, robotization and advanced manufacturing has been extended to the agricultural sector, with the aim of increasing productivity, reducing environmental impacts, increasing profits and improving the quality of products, giving rise to the terms Precision Agriculture, Agribusiness 4.0, Agriculture 4.0 and Agroindustry 4.0. If on the one hand much is being said about the adoption of new technologies in the stages of land preparation, planting and harvesting, on the other hand very little is said about the processing of agricultural products using, for example, automated systems for visual inspection of quality. This work aims to investigate the different approaches for automatic visual inspection of grains quality proposed in the last decade and present a discussion about how these approaches are inserted in the context of these new productive processes of modern agriculture, as well as the positive aspects and the limitations found for their uses.
Introduction
Authors: Talle Andrew
Published: September 2018

The last several generations of scholars have made great progress in illuminating the mundane details of J. S. Bach’s working life. Our intense focus on this famous composer, however, has skewed our understanding of his era. If we are to truly know the world Bach inhabited, we need to learn more about the musical lives of ordinary people. This book explores the musical culture of Bach’s Germany from the perspectives of those who lived in it. The protagonists are not famous composers but rather amateur and professional musicians, patrons, instrument builders, and audience members. They are treated here not as extras in the grand sweep of music history, but rather as stars in their own private dramas.
Civilizing Instruments
Authors: Talle Andrew
Published: September 2018

One of Bach’s librettists observed in 1725: “anything one can see, hear, smell, taste, feel, sense or in any other way experience or imagine has to be described as galant, totally galant, and completely galant.” This controversial word was closely associated with luxury, a product of Germany’s quickly evolving economic prosperity. New wealth inspired developments in aesthetics, philosophy, and science and the cultivation of expensive leisure time activities. Playing the keyboard increased in popularity over the course of Bach’s lifetime. The composer’s contemporaries associated themselves with galant music, especially minuets, bourrées, and gavottes of French origin, in order to establish social positions that had implications well beyond music. The merits of doing so were hotly debated by theorists such as Buttstedt and Mattheson.
The Mechanic and the Tax Collector
Authors: Talle Andrew
Published: September 2018

Chapter two sheds light on the demographics of instrument ownership, chiefly through the analysis of a list of persons who bought clavichords between 1721 and 1757 from a maker in Braunschweig named Barthold Fritz. Special attention is devoted not only to the builder himself but also to one of his customers, a tax collector named Johann Heinrich Heyne whose instrument is preserved today in London’s Victoria and Albert Museum. Heyne was typical of Fritz’s customers in that he was wealthy, male, involved in intellectual rather than physical work, and employed by the court in Braunschweig. Fritz’s goals in building instruments, and Heyne’s goals in buying this particular instrument, are examined in terms of the visual images each voluntarily used to decorate them.
A Silver Merchant’s Daughter
Authors: Talle Andrew
Published: September 2018

Chapter three uses the musical life of Christiane Sibÿlla Bose, a young woman who lived near the Bach family in Leipzig, as a means of exploring the lives of women of her time and place. Ms. Bose played the keyboard recreationally and was a close friend of J. S. Bach’s wife, Anna Magdalena. Women typically spent time managing the acquisition of food, clothing, and medical care for their households. Playing the keyboard was a means by which they could make themselves more attractive to potential suitors. Pursuing professional careers as musicians, however, was generally discouraged. Ms. Bose likely viewed Anna Magdalena Bach as a role model, not only as a wife and mother, but also as a woman who had transcended cultural prejudices to pursue a successful career as a musician.
Two Teenage Countesses
Authors: Talle Andrew
Published: September 2018

Chapter five analyzes the repertoire associated with female musicians on the basis of the remarkably well-preserved music library of two teenage countesses in Darmstadt: Luise Charlotte and Friederike Sophie zu Epstein. Pedagogical treatises and parodies of Bach’s Germany suggest that female keyboardists were expected to perform “easy,” “comfortable,” music which was often marketed explicitly “for women.” Most of the repertoire prepared for the Countesses zu Epstein by their teacher, Johannes Merle, follows these stylistic parameters; it consists primarily of quick, dance-based movements with melody-and-accompaniment textures and no strict counterpoint. Close examination of their collection, however, also reveals that they copied music for themselves and one of them, Friederike Sophie, also taught herself to compose.
How Professional Musicians Were Compensated
Authors: Talle Andrew
Published: September 2018

Chapter ten presents an account of the lives and careers of musicians, with a particular emphasis on the diverse ways they were compensated for their work. Boys who dreamed of becoming organists, cantors, and kapellmeisters in eighteenth-century Germany often endured discouragement and even contempt from the authority figures in their lives. Pursuit of such work on behalf of courts or cities seldom brought fame or fortune, and many professional musicians often endured hardship. Those who persevered were compensated largely by the freedom to spend their careers doing what they loved to do, and by the encouragement they received from fellow music enthusiasts. The primary means by which most organists interacted with the communities they served was not performing but rather private teaching.
Latina/o Immigration before 1965
Authors: Fernández Lilia
Published: September 2018

This essay examines the migration of Mexican immigrants, Mexican Americans, and Puerto Ricans to Chicago in the 1940s and 1950s, long before the more widely recognized post-1965 immigration to the U.S. from Latin America. It argues that this pre-1965 migration to the Midwest was significant and played a critical role in establishing communities that would receive later migrants. In fact, by 1970, the city of Chicago officially counted nearly a quarter of a million Hispanics or Latinos in that year’s census. The essay examines how these populations became racialized as “non-white” in employment, housing, and the local enforcement and perceptions surrounding immigration policy.
Not Just Laborers
Authors: Maldonado Marta María
Published: September 2018

This essay focuses on Latina/o claims to belonging in the community and the nation while working and living in Perry, Iowa. Attracted to jobs in the meatpacking industry, Latinas/os made connections to Perry and developed a sense of belonging despite feeling initially unwelcomed by the town’s residents. Among the challenges confronted by Latina/o residents were the policing of their use of Spanish, negative perceptions of a local Spanish-language radio station, and the racialization of Latinas/os as criminals and foreigners. By confronting these challenges and claiming a place in the community, Latinas/os demonstrated the changing nature of the rural heartland. The town’s Latinas/os characterized themselves as integral to the social, economic, and political fabric of their community and the nation.
The Black Angel
Authors: Blocker Jane
Published: September 2018

The literature on Cuban born artist Ana Mendieta commonly ignores her Midwest experience, imbricating her Latinidad with her homeland in Cuba and with her multiple trips to and production of site-specific artworks in Mexico.  This chapter looks at Mendieta's experiences in Iowa City, where she arrived at the age of 12 as a refugee of Operation Peter Pan and where she lived longer than any other location. By studying an enigmatic film that the artist made in 1975 called The Black Angel, it argues that Mendieta was aware of and could identify with other immigrant experiences in her adopted state, especially those portrayed through images of motherhood and loss.
History in Drag
Authors: Rivera-Servera Ramón H.
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines the performances of Miss Ketty Teanga, a Chicago-based trans-Latina drag queen, and argues they were an example of Latina/o queer worldmaking. Miss Ketty’s performances evoked history through her fashion, hair, makeup, and musical taste in order to present alternative patterns of cultural consumption to her young fans. In contrast to mainstream drag culture and popular media’s pop-oriented, fast-paced choreography, her performances evoked a queer past by drawing on slow, dramatic presentations of boleros that emphasized upper-body choreography.
Religious Migrants
Authors: Hinojosa Felipe
Published: September 2018

This chapter follows the stories of Latinas/os who joined the Mennonite Church during the middle part of the twentieth century. While a relatively small Protestant denomination, the Mennonite Church is especially strong across the Midwest, from the Central Plains to the Great Lakes region. This chapter argues that religion served as an important platform for Latina/o civil rights movements in the Midwest. Religious activism in particular was an important part of the larger project of community formation for Latina/o migrants who were making the Midwest their new home. The quest for civil rights included building an interethnic alliance between Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, and African Americans, which organized in 1968 and called itself the Minority Ministries Council (MMC). This group helped organize a K-12 educational program that created a pathway for black and brown youth to attend Mennonite schools. While these movements were for the most part dominated by Latino men, Latinas created their own spaces by organizing conferences that brought together women from across the country. This flurry of activity led to an unprecedented rise of Latinas/os within the Mennonite Church. In a span of about ten years, Latinas/os went from zero representation on national Mennonite Church boards to having Latinos and Latinas on every major church board from the East Coast to the Midwest.
Images of the Italian South within and beyond World Music
Authors: Inserra Incoronata
Published: September 2018

This chapter puts the spotlight on song lyrics and music arrangements as a way to explore the transformation of the tarantella music tradition from the 1970s until today. In particular, the chapter focuses on the work of Neapolitan musician Eugenio Bennato and his involvement with the tarantella rhythms both within and beyond the larger world music context. These examples illustrate how the world music label has not only provided greater access to these local voices but also spurred local and national debates; these debates echo ethnomusicologists’ warnings about the risk of exoticizing local music that is embedded in the world music label. In addition, the chapter discusses the ways that this revival contributes to the Southern Question debate, as exemplified by Bennato’s music career since the 1970s; it also considers its contribution to current postcolonial scholarship in Italy, which examines the South’s position as a postcolonial entity within contemporary Italy and the Mediterranean.
Tarantella for U.S., Italian American, and Cosmopolitan Markets
Authors: Inserra Incoronata
Published: September 2018

This chapter illustrates the export of tarantella to the United States by focusing on the work of New York–based artist Alessandra Belloni, particularly her tarantella dance performance and her “Rhythm Is the Cure” dance workshop. The chapter examines Belloni’s work both within a world music framework and from a woman-centered, New Age perspective. This work includes a complex process of adaptation of the Southern Italian rhythms, since it enhances an exotic image of Italy as it often emerges in Anglo-American culture, while at the same time adding a woman’s perspective to it. Belloni’s reinterpretation of tarantella plays a particularly significant role within the Italian-American cultural scene. The second part of the chapter situates Belloni’s work within the larger process of post-WWII Italian migration to the United States, while also discussing larger issues of representation of (southern) Italian culture within the Anglo-American context.
Final Thoughts
Authors: Inserra Incoronata
Published: September 2018

The performances of Eugenio Bennato and Alessandra Belloni play with different representations of the Italian South in a constant negotiation between artistic impulse, sociopolitical concerns, audience motivations, and commercial opportunities. Furthermore, the complexity of Belloni’s project derives from her own artistic persona and from her own performance as a southern Italian woman and artist. Insofar as her tarantella performances and workshops affect the representation of southern Italy among U.S. and cosmopolitan audiences, Belloni’s positionality and ethics play an important role as a recorder of southern Italian folk music for an international audience—as it does my own, I might add, since I too study the revival and translate it, both linguistically and culturally, for a U.S. academic audience. In representing the musical and cultural world of tarantella for national and global audiences, the performer, the folklorist, the popularizer, the cultural critic, and the intellectual are not only structurally affected by their positionalities in relation to the topic of study, but should carefully reflect on them and their agency. In fact, in the study of folk cultures, a major risk is that of romanticizing or exoticizing the folk, and as I have illustrated throughout this study, neither the folklorist, the performer, nor the intellectual can easily stay away from such an inevitably romanticizing attitude....
Collective Violence and Popular Justice in the Later Middle Ages
Authors: Skoda Hannah
Published: September 2018

In this chapter, Laurens Bakker argues that brutal, extralegal violence against individuals or small groups considered as a threat to local society has a long and varied history in Indonesia. Its usage includes extrajudicial killings and mutilations of thieves and other wrongdoers by local communities as well as a more sophisticated application of such violence by local power holders aimed at inspiring fear and obeisance in the population. Bakker argues that Indonesia’s recent transition from a nation ruled by a dictatorial central regime, which made ample use of violence to maintain its grip, to a democracy, in which the role of government power is considerably more regulated, has seen the “regime of fear” strategy also successfully make this transition.
“A lei de Lynch”
Authors: Chazkel Amy
Published: September 2018

In this chapter, Frank Jacob carefully examines another significant manifestation of collective violence in Asian history: the mass atrocities committed by Japanese soldiers against Chinese in the Rape of Nanking in 1937 and 1938. First analyzing at length the contentious historiography and historical evidence surrounding this pivotal episode of collective violence performed by agents of the Japanese state, Jacob then closely examines the violence perpetrated at Nanking from a theoretical perspective, arguing that it displayed both dynamics of state-sponsored macro-violence such as warfare and genocide as well as some qualities of extralegal micro-violence, such as lynching.
Lynching, Religion, and Politics in Twentieth-Century Puebla
Authors: Santamaría Gema
Published: September 2018

Focusing on medieval Nepal, in this chapter Yogesh Raj argues that existing sociohistorical accounts of lynching and other extreme forms of collective cruelty are inadequate for developing “a credible historical account” due to what he considers their “narratological bias.” Raj asserts that the problematic nature of the Event Catalogues, the main methodological innovation in these accounts composed by scholars of European rioting and American lynching, “call for a radically different approach to historiography.” Using Newari medieval records of lynching, Raj argues for “employing analogy, and not argumentation, to develop a deeper historical understanding of lynching in Nepal and across societies.”
“Canadians Are Not Proficient in the Art of Lynching”
Authors: Campney Brent M. S.
Published: September 2018

In this chapter, Nandana Dutta examines the turn to collective violence, especially lynching, in postcolonial India, tracing it to “the forms of agency that emerged in the peculiar understanding of issues of modernity, the rule of law, and the indigenous Gandhian form of self rule known famously as swaraj during and after the Independence movement.” Dutta reflects on the connotations of the word lynching as it has been used in recent years in India to refer both to the taking of life by a mob or group, and to also refer to occasions of mob fury/action where death may not actually occur but the dynamics of the individual/mob victim-perpetrator relationship are similar. Noting the influence of American culture in the spread of the term lynching in India, Dutta argues that Indian collective violence “has emerged alongside or in the wake of movements for autonomy, identity, and territory that have become independent India’s most significant problem because these provide both occasion and site for the exercise of agency in the form of extralegal violence.”
“Negro and White Unite”
Authors: Kotlowski Dean J.
Published: September 2018

Nicholas Rush Smith’s chapter explores collective violence in postapartheid South Africa, where vigilante violence involving an attempt to necklace alleged criminals has been common. That the necklace--placing a gasoline filled tire around the neck of a victim and setting it alight--is frequently deployed is surprising, Smith asserts, because the struggle against apartheid was, in important ways, a struggle for a procedural rights-based legal system, something necklacing undermines. Moreover, necklacing was originally developed as a tool to sanction political threats under apartheid, whereas today it is primarily used as a technique to punish criminals. Why, Smith asks, is necklacing still practiced twenty years after the dawn of democracy given that it was first implemented as part of the struggle against apartheid? Smith’s chapter argues that citizens deploying the necklace challenge the postapartheid state’s-rights-based legal system, which South Africans often argue enables insecurity and immorality, to proliferate; rhetorically and ideologically, this in some ways parallels the criticisms that American lynchers often made of procedural, due process rights. Through its spectacular violence, the necklace dramatizes these critiques of the democratic legal order much like it dramatized critiques of the apartheid state.
Bonded in Hate
Authors: Shaffer Ryan
Published: September 2018

Shaiel Ben-Ephraim’s and Or Honig’s chapter focuses on the lynching and mob violence between Jews and Arabs in the area known as mandatory Palestine, and later as the State of Israel and the occupied territories. Ben-Ephraim and Honig seek to answer two questions: when and why has lynching and mob violence occurred, and how has it affected the development of the Zionist-Palestinian conflict. The chapter focuses on two periods of intercommunal conflict in which lynching and mob violence took place: the British Mandate period (1920-1948), and the period following the eruption of the first Palestinian Uprising “Intifada” (1987) until today. Ben-Ephraim and Honig find that the main variable determining the use of lynching attacks was the level of institutionalization of national political movements. When there are organized institutions and society is more organized, organized forms of violence such as uprisings or terrorism tend to be more prevalent since society or elements of it can be mobilized to act in a more systematic fashion. Lynching and mob violence reflect a lack of political institutionalization because the leadership possesses the ability to incite, yet lacks the tools to restrain or guide, the violence it inspires. By contrast, when the national movements are well institutionalized, Ben-Ephraim and Honig argue, more spontaneous acts of violence tend instead to take the form of sporadic acts of vengeance.
“Hot-Blooded Eye-talian” Women
Authors: Ruberto Laura E.
Published: September 2018

This chapter explores U.S.-produced films from the first decades after World War II through two competing themes—World War II and Italian style—which together influenced how new Italian immigrant women were shaped on screen. The chapter argues that Italian American women had been previously gendered in cinematic representations, but that the gendering had occurred around issues of domesticity, religion, labor, and family rather than lasciviousness and exotica. However, these postwar films turned Italian actors such as Anna Magnani, Sophia Loren, and Pier Angeli into hyper-sexualized immigrant characters: provocatively out-of-place war brides, nannies, and prostitutes each sexually willing and exoticized through visual and narrative emphases on their bodies, physical abandon, and illicit behavior.
A Moralizing Landscape as Scenography
Authors: Cicala John Allan
Published: September 2018

This chapter documents the life and specific works of Silvio Barile, a post-World War II Italian who immigrated to Detroit and transformed his bakery into what he calls the Italian American Historical Artistic Museum. Drawing on Darwin Payne’s concept of scenography and Daniel Wojcik’s application of folklore behaviorism to self-taught art, the author analyzes the significant events in Barile’s life that have contributed to the major themes of his pieces, and the artistic inspiration and evolution of his construction technique. With the museum the artist has created a moralizing landscape that is an extension of his personal obsessions that have affected the enactment of his identity and secured for him a sense of place he would never leave.
Performing in the Italian American “Translation Zone”
Authors: Inserra Incoronata (Nadia)
Published: September 2018

This article explores the work of New-York-based Italian performance artist Alessandra Belloni, particularly her Rhythm Is the Cure workshop featuring Southern-Italian tarantella folk music and dances. Drawing on translation studies scholarship, I analyze Belloni’s adaptation of tarantella for United States and international audiences, particularly World Music and New Age performance circles, while also evaluating the social significance of this project from a feminist perspective. Furthermore, I contextualize Belloni’s work within the Italian American cultural scene and compare her adaptation of tarantella to the work of several Italian and Italian American artists who have contributed to popularize tarantella in the United State since the 1990s.
Immigrant Tastemakers
Authors: Cinotto Simone
Published: September 2018

Since the 1970s, Marcella Hazan, Lidia Bastianich, and other immigrant cookbook writers and cooking show hosts reconfigured the geographical and class imagination of Italian food in the United States. They created a new transnational discourse about food localism, memory, taste, pleasure, and the special knowledge and integrity of independent producers as a virtuous alternative to corporate food industry. During a transition to a new, post-Fordist, flexible regime of consumption, these immigrants were welcomed by a cultural industry eager to let them promote “real Italian food” among a growing cosmopolitan class of Americans who were avid consumers of “authentic” foreign and ethnic cuisines. They were protagonists in a counter-process of Europeanization of American culture and taste that challenges the established notion of the Americanization of postwar Europe.
Afterword: Rethinking Labels
Authors: Tamburri Anthony Julian
Published: September 2018

This essay calls into question the notion of labeling and how it relates to the general categorization of the Italian post-World War II immigrant to the United States. It examines through a semiotic lens the notion of Italian and how that adjective can be both restrictive as well as very broad in its adoption. This essay further proposes a new way to consider the “migrant” writer, be that person one who has left Italy for another country or who has arrived from another country in order to settle in Italy.
Father and Sons
Authors: Marshall Robert L.
Published: September 2018

This chapter explores the nature of the filial and sibling relationships that prevailed between and among J. S. Bach and his five musical sons: Wilhelm Friedemann, Carl Philipp Emanuel, Johann Gottfried Bernhard, Johann Christoph Friedrich, and Johann Christian. By examining the often unflattering explicit (and implicit) testimony contained in the surviving epistolary and musical sources, the author seeks to understand how these uniquely privileged, and uniquely challenged, musicians came to terms with their paternal legacy and to determine how, and with what degree of success, they sought to emerge from their father’s artistic shadow.
Keyboards, Music Rooms, and the Bach Family at the Court of Frederick the Great
Authors: Oleskiewicz Mary
Published: September 2018

Using historical architectural plans, inventories, and images, this study locates and describes the musical spaces and the keyboard instruments upon which Johann Sebastian, Carl Philipp Emanuel, and Wilhelm Friedemann Bach would have performed at the Prussian court. King Frederick II’s many palaces—and those of the king’s close family members—featured from one to five music rooms, in addition to small palace theaters and orangeries. Oleskiewicz takes the reader on a virtual tour of each palace (with help of an illustrated web companion) and solves many long-standing puzzles about enigmatic features of several keyboard works, specific locations of known performances at court by the Bachs, and the numbers and types of organs, fortepianos and other keyboards at court by Marx, Shudi, Silbermann, and others.
C. P. E. Bach’s Keyboard Music and the Question of Idiom
Authors: Schulenberg David
Published: September 2018

The keyboard music of Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, commonly described as being for clavichord or generic “clavier,” reveals great variety of idiom, implying significant changes in players’ technical and interpretive approaches to performance of compositions from across the composer’s sixty-year career. This essay analyzes numerous sonatas, rondos, and fantasias, demonstrating the capabilities of both harpsichord and fortepiano for representing metaphoric speech in instances of instrumental recitative and in compositions that represent dialogues between opposing characters. Only the piano, however, can facilitate romantic effects appropriate to certain pieces through dynamics, legato articulation, and manipulation of dampers. Works that the composer described as “comic” actually juxtapose the serious and the farcical, as in the composer’s famous Empfindungen, a late work realizable only on a dynamic instrument.
Neo-Passing
Authors: Godfrey Mollie
Published: September 2018

Bringing together fifteen essays by leading scholars, including a theoretical introduction by the editors and an insightful foreword and afterword by Gayle Wald and Michele Elam, respectively, this volume analyzes Godfrey and Young’s neologism neo-passing. Godfrey and Young define neo-passing as narratives and performative acts of passing that recall the complex racial politics that define classic tales of passing, such as Nella Larsen’s Passing (1929) and James Weldon Johnson’s The Autobiography of an Ex-colored Man (1912). The difference, however, between the former concept of passing and what Godfrey and Young call neo-passing is that neo-passing is performed and/or produced in various media after the end of legal segregation (circa 1954). Beginning with the Jim Crow–era assumption that passing will come to pass as soon as desegregation begins, this volume investigates how and why passing not only persists in the post–Jim Crow moment but has also proliferated. As with both neo-slave and neo-segregation narratives, performances of neo-passing speak to contemporary racial injustices and ideologies, asking readers to hold these in mind alongside the racial injustices and ideologies of the past. Typically, neo-passing also goes beyond the black/white binary that defined classic passing narratives to explore how identities are increasingly defined as intersectional—simultaneously involving class, gender, race, ethnicity, disability, and sexuality. Through explorations of newspaper articles, advertisements, journalism, fiction, graphic novels, film, comedy sketches, reality television, music, and social media, the essays in this volume engage in a vigorous debate about the specific ways in which neo-passing alternatively shores up, deconstructs, or complicates our understanding of performance and identity production after Jim Crow
The Neo-Passing Narrative
Authors: Godfrey Mollie , Young Vershawn Ashanti
Published: September 2018

This introduction defines neo-passing by contextualizing the term not only in relation to classic passing narratives and scholarship on passing but also in relation to broad notions of performance, pretending, and identifying. The editors also connect their effort to delineate a genre of neo-passing narratives to recent scholarly efforts to define neo-slave narratives and neo-segregation narratives. Like those genres, neo-passing narratives mediate between historical and contemporary notions of racial and intersectional injustice. Using several recent case studies, the introduction explores the ways in which neo-passing narratives speak directly to the contradictions within contemporary debates about colorblindness and color-consciousness, or what one contributor calls the debate between postracialism and most-racialism. Finally, the introduction briefly describes each essay in the volume, emphasizing its engagement in a vigorous debate about the specific ways in which neo-passing narratives alternatively shore up, deconstruct, or complicate our understanding of performance and identity production after Jim Crow.
Passing for Postracial
Authors: Brown Christopher M.
Published: September 2018

This chapter argues that contemporary neo-passing narratives offer some of the sharpest rebuttals—both formally and tropologically—to contemporary colorblind reading practices, particularly those that are proliferating in the law. The recent proliferation of neo-passing narratives and, in particular, their insistence that we must interrogate the ways in which race might still matter in our ostensibly postracial moment, resist the racial formalism ascendant in legal jurisprudence and hermeneutic logics, more generally. Edward Jones’s novel The Known World critiques this colorblindness, insisting instead that we attend to the ways in which the refusal to see race, in fact, delimits our ways of knowing the world.
The Pass of Least Resistance
Authors: Adams Derek
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines ZZ Packer’s deconstruction of race as a force that shapes the reader’s perception of sexuality. It proposes a new understanding of unconventional racial passing that occurs within a singular category (i.e., blackness), where the passer embodies its socially determined stereotype. This particular passing lens explains her protagonist’s attempts to accentuate her blackness as a means of masking her ambiguous sexual orientation. Her desire to avoid being labeled as LGBT+ situates her in a position that challenges the idea that passing is a form of liberation from the assumptions of a heteronormative society. The chapter treats the tension of this intersection within Packer’s protagonist as a metaphor illustrating the divide between civil rights activists and gay rights activists near the end of the twentieth century.
“A New Type of Human Being”
Authors: Narcisi Lara
Published: September 2018

Jeffrey Eugenides’s 2002 epic Middlesex uses its intersex narrator, Callie/Cal, to interrogate the process of radically changing identity. Cal is a guevedoce, possessing a rare but real genetic condition that transforms apparent girls into men at puberty. From butch schoolgirl to effeminate patriarch, never simply male or female, Cal’s life is passing. The novel questions, however, whether any categories need be so exclusive. Cal’s ambiguous identity echoes myriad others, in plot lines concerning incest, immigration, Islam, and more. Through shifting genres, secret identities, and dramatic plot twists, the novel demonstrates that when society demands strict categories, we are all essentially passing. The chapter gestures forward to a time when the pretense of passing will disappear, and we will all embrace our multifarious, uncategorizable selves.
Afterword
Authors: Elam Michele
Published: September 2018

The afterword argues that so-called neo-passing narratives distinctively highlight the performative dimension to racial formation and are, moreover, particularly attentive to the social and political consequences of race. This essay argues that the desire for passing to be a phenomenon of the past can be problematic in that it wills away the social insights afforded by cultural and literary narratives of passing in the post–Civil Rights era.
Spirituals and the Birth of a Black Entertainment Industry
Authors: Graham Sandra Jean
Published: September 2018

Spirituals and the Birth of a Black Entertainment Industry is the first book to trace the musical evolution of postwar spirituals. The jubilee singers who introduced them ignited a chain reaction that rippled throughout multiple levels of popular culture for the rest of the century, influencing blackface minstrelsy, stage productions of Uncle Tom’s Cabin and other plays, and variety shows. The widespread influence of spirituals on popular amusements illustrates the symbolic distance these songs had traveled since the Civil War, when they had functioned as private, sacred folk music. The groups and individuals – both white and black – that appropriated spirituals in popular entertainments had wide-ranging and often conflicting agendas, from the preservationist to the educational to the commercially exploitative. This book examines how those agendas affected the musical style of spirituals and shaped black entertainment philosophies and and business practices.