bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Difficult Histories: Changing presentations of the Liao in regional museums in the People's Republic of China over three decades
Authors: STANDEN NAOMI , BENNETT GWEN
Published: October 2013

Museums have long been thought to be vital contributors to nation building and the creation of identity narratives, yet the stories they tell must be negotiated within the constraints set by differing levels of interpretive freedom. This paper examines how museum exhibitions changed between 1982 and 2009 at the museums serving the five capital sites of the non-Chinese Kitan-Liao dynasty (907–1125). While some of these places, such as Beijing, have now become unquestionably central to the national narrative, others are deep in rural areas and are peripheral even to provincial concerns. Exhibitions at these five museums vary considerably in the degree to which they either consider the Kitan and the Liao dynasty in their own right or attempt to place them within a national narrative. The wide range of approaches reflects the differing present-day concerns of the museums’ host locations, as well as the new multivocality that is developing in—among other places—China's regional cultural institutions.
Orally positioning persons with dementia in assessment meetings
Authors: ÖSTERHOLM JOHANNES H. , SAMUELSSON CHRISTINA
Published: October 2013

In this paper we study if and how persons with dementia are orally positioned by others, and how they position themselves while participating in assessment meetings held in order to discuss access to supportive services. We analysed five assessment meetings where two older persons (one diagnosed with dementia and one without a dementia diagnosis) participated to investigate whether the person with dementia is positioned differently than the other old person. Interactional phenomena used to position the person with dementia were identified by interactional analysis. We identified six phenomena that positioned the person with dementia as an individual with less interactional competence than the other participants: ignoring the person with dementia; voicing the feelings, capacity or opinion of the person with dementia; posing questions implying lack of competence; others' use of diagnosis; self-(re)positioning; and elderspeak. Persons with dementia are often orally positioned as less competent, indicating that they suffer further from discrimination than other older persons. We suggest that this has an impact on the participation of people with dementia in negotiations regarding their future care. The results indicate that social workers should be made aware that negative positioning exists and how it may affect the ability of people with dementia to contribute to discussions about their everyday life. Social workers should be encouraged to find strategies to reduce negative positioning in interaction.
Cosmopolitanism and the world state
Authors: SCHEUERMAN WILLIAM E.
Published: October 2013

Political cosmopolitanism comes in many different shapes and sizes. Despite its intellectual diversity, cosmopolitanism typically agrees on one crucial matter: any prospective global democracy is best envisioned not in terms of a hierarchical world state, but instead as a multilayered system of global governance resting on an unprecedented dispersion of decision-making authority. In discarding traditional ideas of world government, cosmopolitans typically succumb to a series of mistakes. First, they presuppose unfairly dismissive accounts of world government. Second, they misleadingly contrast their own multilayered and (allegedly) institutionally novel vision to early modern (for example, Hobbesian) ideas of sovereignty, or to Max Weber's influential definition of the modern state. They thus obscure the fact that the modern state's diverse manifestations can only be partly grasped by ideal-types drawn from either Hobbes or Weber. Consequently, they depend on straw person accounts of the modern state. Third, envisioning their proposals as building on the familiar ideal of institutional checks and balances, they misconstrue the contribution that checks and balances can make to global-level democracy. Their hostility to statist ideas about global democracy notwithstanding, their proposals sometimes mimic core attributes of traditional statehood, and they tend inadvertently to ‘bring the state back in’ to global democracy.
Ellipsis in Finnish Sign Language
Authors: Jantunen Tommi
Published: October 2013

This paper deals with syntactic ellipsis in clauses in Finnish Sign Language (FinSL). The point of departure for the paper is the observation, confirmed by several studies, that clauses in FinSL are often syntactically incomplete. Building on this, the paper first describes how all core-internal clausal material may be elided in FinSL: core arguments in clauses with a verbal nucleus, core-internal NPs in clauses with a nominal nucleus, and even nuclei themselves. The paper then discusses several grammatical contexts which especially favor ellipsis in FinSL. These are question–answer pairs, two-clause coordinated structures, topic–comment structures, blend structures, and structures containing gesturally indicating Type 2 verbals. Finally, the paper argues that FinSL conforms to the main characteristics of a discourse-oriented language, and that FinSL clauses are not highly governed units syntactically.
The Chronology of the Stone Age
Authors: Sturge W. Allen
Published: October 2013

The object of this paper is to call attention to certain facts in connection with flint implements, both Palæolithic and Neolithic, which have been hitherto overlooked, and to attempt to find an explanation for them. This explanation must inevitably run counter to the generally received opinions of geologists as to the sequence of events in the Pleistocene period, and also to a large extent to the views hitherto held by prehistoric archælogists regarding the Neolithic, and in a less degree the Palæolithic ages of man. I therefore approach the task, not indeed with misgiving, but with a deep sense of the gravity of the issues involved, and I would ask both geologists and prehistoric archæologists to do me the honour of giving their very careful attention to the matters I am bringing forward; to put for the moment on one side any preconceived views on the subject, and to suspend judgment until they have had the opportunity of examining for themselves the data upon which my conclusions are founded. These conclusions are the result of many years of work and observation. Starting from the orthodox standpoint and without any bias whatever against the generally received opinions as to the ice age of the Northern hemisphere, I have been, drawn on wholly by the observation of facts to my present position.
Recent Discoveries in Palethnology and the Works of Early Man
Authors: Underwood Lieutenant-Colonel W.
Published: October 2013

Of the many fields of enquiry opened out by the immense mental activity of this century, there is none which promises to be more fruitful than that which has been won by the joint labours of the geologist, the biologist, and the student of prehistoric archæology. The geologist, beginning his story of the earth at the time when the rains first descended and the seas first began to beat on the coast lines, has laid as it were on a map before us the revolutions in climate and geography that it has undergone. He tells us of continents submerged, and of ocean bottoms lifted up into mountains, and that more rapidly than was formerly supposed, and he points out to us that side by side with the ever-changing conditions of life there were everchanging living forms. Group after group pass before the field of vision, each connected with that which preceded it, and each bearing more and more highly differentiated features until man, “Homo sapiens,” appears, the last born, as well as the highest and noblest of creatures. This has been the work of the biologist; while the prehistorian in the meanwhile has raised the study of man's early work and industries to the rank of a science by the use of a purely inductive method, and has accumulated materials which enable us to establish a fairly complete sequence of events, and as fresh discoveries are continually being made, this sequence becomes more and more complete from the earliest dawn of man's intellect to the foreground of the borders of history.
The Natural Fracture of Flint and its Bearing upon Rudimentary Flint Implements
Authors: Moir J. Reid
Published: October 2013

The determination of human flaking as against Nature's work upon flints has always been a vexed question with archæologists. It appeared apparently in the first place with the discovery of the Neolithic arrow-heads, as in some old books we find these relics described as “elf-darts,” which clearly proves that a supernatural origin was accorded to them. Though unfortunately we have no records of the discussions held over these first discovered Neoliths, we may I think assume that in those days the archæological camp was split into two sharply defined sections, one declaring that the arrow-heads were the outcome ot supernatural agencies, the other that some ancient race of men had fashioned them. Be that as it may, the fact remains that no such discussions have for many long years raged round these particular flaked flints, and they are now accepted as being as much evidences of man's work as is a dining-room table or a fireside arm-chair.
A Description of the Sub-Crag Detritus-Bed
Authors: Bell Alfred
Published: October 2013

The sub-Crag detritus-bed, sometimes called the nodule bed, or the Suffolk bone bed, was first brought to the notice of geologists by the late Prof. Henslow, who, in 1843, discovered that the Crag contained many nodules rich in lime phosphates, of great agricultural and commercial value—mostly known as “Coprolites,” though not of coprolitic origin, unless the spirally-formed bodies are the coprolitic rejectamenta of sharks or other animals having a spiral intestine.

The detrital bed is principally made up of the following constituents:—(1) Phosphatic nodules (the so-called Coprolites). (2) Sandstone nodules or box-stones. (3) Rocks of various ages earlier than the Crag. (4) Large chalk flints, many unrolled. (5) Rolled and waterworn bones, usually much mineralised. (6) Cetacean beaks, and other bones. (7) Bones and teeth of land mammalia. (8) Wood and other items, chiefly of uncertain age.

The above groups are of very different periods, and I propose treating each one separately, their origin and mode of occurrence as far as is known, or suggested.
The Stoke Bone-Bed, Ipswich
Authors: Layard Nina F.
Published: October 2013

Some seventy years ago, when the tunnel was cut through the Stoke Hills at Ipswich, animal remains were found at a short distance from the London end of it, on a level with the line. These were examined by Professor Prestwich, and though the collection was scattered, a certain number of the bones and teeth of mammals found their way to the Ipswich Museum, where they may still be seen.

In 1908 it struck me that it might be possible to open up some of the sections which were then exposed, and to locate the deposits from which the remains had been taken. This was successfully done, but for fear of the bank above slipping, permission could only be obtained to open a very small portion of the side of the cutting. The researches, however, proved that a varied assortment of animals of the Pleistocene period had either perished on the spot or had been brought down by flood to this position.
Note on the Paper by Mr. F. N. Haward on “The Origin of the Rostro-Carinate Industry.”
Authors: Barnes Alfred S.
Published: October 2013

Section II. of Mr. Haward's paper deals with the characteristics of the fracture and chipping of flint by man and Nature. This section contains so many statements which are incorrect that in the interests of accuracy they cannot be allowed to pass without correction.

The author defines percussion in the following terms:—“Sharp, hammer-like rebounding blows impinged (sic) on a flat surface or edge held by a resilient support.” If by this definition Mr. Haward intends to convey the impression that in order to flake flint by percussion it is necessary to comply with the conditions he has specified, he is mistaken. It is quite easy, for example, to produce bulbed flakes by percussion under conditions quite different to those set out by Mr. Haward, e.g. by means of a “follow-through” blow on the concave surface of a flint rigidly supported.
II.—A Description of the Humanly-Fashioned Flints Found During the Excavations at High Lodge, Mildenhall
Authors: Moir J. Reid
Published: October 2013

In giving an account of the humanly-fashioned flints found during the excavations at High Lodge, it is proposed to deal with those discovered in exposing section A, and to proceed to describe the specimens recovered in the other diggings, which will be dealt with in their alphabetical order.

Section A. A small twisted, ovate palæolithic implement, flatter on one face than on the other, and referable, it seems, to Late Acheulean times, was found associated with the thin seam of gravel occurring under the turf at section A. This specimen, which exhibits only small signs of abrasion, is of a yellowish colour, except where areas of hardness in the flint have resisted the agent of discolouration. These areas are either of a dark coffee shade, or coloured a light brown. The specimen measures in greatest length ins.; in greatest width 2 ins.; and greatest thickness ins.
III.—Summary of Previous Flint Finds
Authors: Smith Reginald A.
Published: October 2013

Though little flint-work was found in our excavations, the High Lodge industries are well established, and rest upon a large quantity of implements, chiefly in the Sturge collection now at the British Museum. The specimens shewn at the meeting by Mr. S. G. Fenton (who claims to be the first discoverer of the site) and Mr. G. F. Lawrence were thoroughly representative and very welcome; but the following are all from the national collection, which includes the fine series formerly in the possession of Canon Green well. Of the mass of material now available very little has been published, and the only illustrations appear to be the three in Sir John Evans' book (Figs. 425, 426, 426A). Dr. Sturge recognised the two main divisions (Proceedings, i., 69–72), and the following illustrated specimens are from the brick-earth series only–lower in position but later in date than the hand-axes that abound on the site. In any choice of this kind the tendency must be to give greater prominence to exceptional pieces, either the rarest or the best worked; and an effort has been made to counteract these by including specimens typical of the main groups.
On the Discovery of a Flint-Working Site of Palæolithic Date in the Medway Valley at Rochester, Kent, with Notes on the Driftstages of the Medway
Authors: Cook W. H. , Killick J. R.
Published: October 2013

Following the Medway northward as it leaves the Weald at the opening of the funnel-shaped gorge in the Chalk, near Snodland, it takes a general N.E. course as far as Rochester, (Fig. 1.)

Less than half a mile below Rochester bridge it is turned eastward, perhaps by some hard beds in the chalk; then a S.E. course is followed for a mile, when turning again, opposite Chatham, it runs due N. for another two miles. Reaching the London Clay hills at Upnor it is again deflected, and finally, meandering in an easterly direction through the low alluvial plains, reaches the Thames estuary.

Thus the course of the Medway opposite Rochester takes the form of a V-shaped bend, and the land flanking the river within the bend forms a promonitory of chalk jutting southward, the surface of which rises from the edge of the marshes on either side to a height above 100-ft. O.D. (Fig. 2.)
The Presidential Address for 1931: Early Neanthropic Man and his Relation to the Ice Age
Authors: Burchell J. P. T.
Published: October 2013

In order to prepare an address calculated to be of general interest to my fellow archæologists, it is essential that it be composed of a variety of ingredients. Now, it so happens that the results I have been obtaining during the course of my investigations in the last few years not only embrace a large number of culture phases, but, when arranged in proper sequence, they form a consecutive narrative. Furthermore, the greater part of the researches I have undertaken relates to those periods in British prehistory concerning which we know least. I refer to the so-called ‘Upper Palæolithic’ and ‘Early Neolithic’ times.

It is not my intention to deal in this paper with those inter-glacial and cultural phases which antedate the formation of the Lower Purple Boulder Clay of Yorkshire and Lincolnshire and the Lower Chalky Boulder Clay of East Anglia, though I would mention I have recently discovered in the glacial deposits of north-east Ireland specimens similar to those which have been found beneath the Cromer Forest Bed of Norfolk and in the Sub-Crag Detritus Bed of Norfolk and Suffolk. These specimens will be fully described and illustrated in our “Proceedings” at a later date.
A Skeleton of the Early Bronze Age Found in the Fens
Authors: Fowler Gordon
Published: October 2013

The skeleton described below was discovered recently in Southery Fen, Norfolk, by men employed in widening and deepening a drainage ditch. It was unfortunately removed before it could be seen in situ, but I was able by an examination of the ground not only to determine the exact level of the skeleton, but also to recover the lady's bronze pin or awl. She had lain on top of a layer of compressed sedges 2ins.-3ins. thick, which rested directly on undisturbed clay, and she was covered by 1ft. 9ins. of peat. The place where she was found was 28 yards away from one of the second type of Major Fowler's extinct waterways (“Old Run,” Plate XXXII.). There was no evidence of burial, and we conjecture that she had been drowned, carried down by this river, dropped among the sedges bordering it when the flood subsided, and subsequently covered by the growth of peat.

According to the workmen's account she was lying face downwards with one arm across her face and the other arm extended. The bracelet of jet beads (Plate XXXIII., a) is said to have been round the wrist of the extended arm; pin or awl (Plate XXXIII., b) must have been worn near the waist.
Trends in territory occupancy, distribution and density of the Bearded VultureGypaetus barbatus meridionalisin southern Africa
Authors: KRÜGER SONJA C. , ALLAN DAVID G. , JENKINS ANDREW R. , AMAR ARJUN
Published: October 2013

Territory occupancy, distribution and density of the isolated Bearded VultureGypaetus barbatus meridionalispopulation in the Maloti-Drakensberg mountains of southern Africa were assessed between two time periods - former (1960–1999) and current (2000–2012) - to identify population trends. Overall, 190 territories were recorded of which 109 are currently occupied. The number of occupied breeding territories decreased by a minimum of 32% and a maximum of 51% over the past five decades. Territories located on the periphery of the breeding range were more likely to be abandoned than those in the core. The current population is estimated at a minimum of 352 and a maximum of 390 individuals. The breeding range decreased by 27%, restricting the birds to an estimated area of occupancy of 28,125 km2. Breeding densities also decreased by 20%, declining from 4.9 to 3.9 pairs/1,000 km2. In both periods, higher densities were recorded in the core of the range. Nests were located about 9.0 km apart, a slight increase from the 7.7 km recorded formerly. Inter-nest distances increased with distance from the core range. Further studies are required to ascertain whether productivity or survival is limiting population growth, and whether anthropogenic influences are resulting in the abandonment of territories in the periphery of the range and the subsequent decline in numbers.
Interactive Realizability for second-order Heyting arithmetic with EM1 and SK1
Authors: ASCHIERI FEDERICO
Published: October 2013

We introduce a realizability semantics based on interactive learning for full second-order Heyting arithmetic with excluded middle and Skolem axioms over Σ10-formulas. Realizers are written in a classical version of Girard's System$\mathsf{F}$and can be viewed as programs that learn by interacting with the environment. We show that the realizers of any Π20-formula represent terminating learning processes whose outcomes are numerical witnesses for the existential quantifier of the formula.
DEATH BECOMES HER: ON THE PROGRESSIVE POTENTIAL OF VICTORIAN MOURNING
Authors: Mitchell Rebecca N.
Published: October 2013

On the occasion of her Golden Jubilee, Queen Victoria was depicted in a woodcut by William Nicholson that was to become extremely popular (Figure 1). So stout that her proportions approach those of a cube, the Queen is dressed from top to toe in her usual black mourning attire, the white of her gloved hands punctuating the otherwise nearly solid black rectangle of her body. Less than thirty years later, another simple image of a woman in black would prove to be equally iconic: the lithe, narrow column of Chanel's black dress (Figure 2). Comparing the dresses depicted in the two images – the first a visual reminder of the desexualized stolidity of Victorian fidelity, the second image an example of women's burgeoning social and sexual liberation – might lead one to conclude that the only thing they have in common is the color black. And yet, twentieth- and twenty-first-century fashion historians suggest that Victorian mourning is the direct antecedent of the sexier fashions that followed. Jill Fields writes, for example, that “the move to vamp black became possible because the growing presence of black outerwear for women in the nineteenth century due to extensive mourning rituals merged with the growing sensibility that dressing in black was fashionable” (144). Valerie Mendes is more direct: “Traditional mourning attire blazed a trail for the march of fashionable black and the little black dress” (9). These are provocative claims given that most scholarly accounts of Victorian mourning attire – whether from the perspective of literary analysis, fashion history or theory, or social history or theory – offer no indication that such progressive possibilities were inherent in widows’ weeds. Instead, those accounts focus almost exclusively on chasteness and piety, qualities required of the sorrowful widow, as the only message communicated by her attire: “Widows’ mourning clothes announced the ongoing bonds of fidelity, dependence, and grieving that were expected to tie women to their dead husbands for at least a year” (Bradbury 289). The disparity in the two accounts raises the question: how could staid, cumbersome black Victorian mourning attire lead to dresses understood to embrace sexuality and mobility?
Role of Hfq in an animal–microbe symbiosis under simulated microgravity conditions
Authors: Grant Kyle C. , Khodadad Christina L.M. , Foster Jamie S.
Published: October 2013

Microgravity has a profound impact on the physiology of pathogenic microbes; however, its effects on mutualistic microbes are relatively unknown. To examine the effects of microgravity on those beneficial microbes that associate with animal tissues, we used the symbiosis between the bobtail squidEuprymna scolopesand a motile, luminescent bacterium,Vibrio fischerias a model system. Specifically, we examined the role of Hfq, an RNA-binding protein known to be an important global regulator under space flight conditions, in the squid–vibrio symbiosis under simulated microgravity. To mimic a reduced gravity environment, the symbiotic partners were co-incubated in high-aspect-ratio rotating wall vessel bioreactors and examined at various stages of development. Results indicated that under simulated microgravity,hfqexpression was down-regulated inV. fischeri. A mutant strain defective inhfqshowed no colonization phenotype, indicating that Hfq was not required to initiate the symbiosis with the host squid. However, thehfqmutant showed attenuated levels of apoptotic cell death, a key symbiosis phenotype, within the host light organ suggesting that Hfq does contribute to normal light organ morphogenesis. Results also indicated that simulated microgravity conditions accelerated the onset of cell death in wild-type cells but not in thehfqmutant strains. These data suggest that Hfq plays an important role in the mutualism betweenV. fischeriand its animal host and that its expression can be negatively impacted by simulated microgravity conditions.
Monitoring patient distress and related problems before and after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Crooks Mary , Seropian Stuart , Bai Mei , McCorkle Ruth
Published: October 2013

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) is standard treatment for many high risk hematologic malignancies and non-malignant diseases either as part of overall treatment or after relapse. Both autologous and allogeneic transplant numbers are increasing worldwide (Storb, 2004). The procedure for transplantation is complex, can cause intense psychological distress, and extreme social strain on the patient, family members, and friends. There are times when the psychological and social issues can be more challenging for the health care team than the medical issues. Because HSCT is an intense and distinctive experience for patients and families and has the potential to cause prolonged psychological distress unlike other experiences with oncology patients, the issues unique to this population warrant special attention (Andrykowski, Brady, Henslee-Doeney, 1994, Andrykowski, 1994).
Characterization of HMW glutenin subunit Bx7OE and its distribution in common wheat and related species
Authors: Li Jie , Han Caixia , Zhen Shoumin , Li Xiaohui , Yan Yueming
Published: October 2013

The overexpression of wheat Bx7 subunit (Bx7OE) encoded by the Glu-B1al allele is originated from a duplication event of the Bx7 gene, and has a positive effect on gluten strength. Thus, it is an important genetic resource for wheat quality improvement. In this study, the Bx7OE subunit from a large number of bread wheat and related species was characterized by sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and Sequence-Tagged sites (STS) markers. Only 31 bread wheat varieties were found to carry Bx7OE. RP-HPLC quantification analysis revealed that the mean proportion of the Bx7OE subunit to the total amount of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits among the 31 bread wheat varieties was 41.8%, which is much higher than that of varieties with the normal Bx7 subunit (generally at 30%). Flour quality analysis of seven representative varieties with Bx7OE and three with the normal Bx7 subunit showed that the varieties with Bx7OE generally displayed better gluten strength than those with the normal Bx7 subunit. STS markers demonstrated that, in addition to the 31 bread wheat varieties with Bx7OE, no PCR products were obtained from the related Triticum and Aegilops species. This suggests that the retroelement-mediated recombination event at the Glu-B1 locus could have occurred more recently, later than the formation of hexaploid wheat. The Bx7OE subunit is mainly distributed in some bread wheat varieties from American countries with a low frequency, which is of particular importance for the quality improvement of wheat gluten.
ON THE GENERAL INTERPRETATION OF FIRST-ORDER QUANTIFIERS
Authors: ANTONELLI G.ALDO
Published: October 2013

While second-order quantifiers have long been known to admit nonstandard, or“general” interpretations, first-order quantifiers (when properly viewed as predicates of predicates) also allow a kind of interpretation that does not presuppose the full power-set of that interpretation’s first-order domain. This paper explores some of the consequences of such “general” interpretations for (unary) first-order quantifiers in a general setting, emphasizing the effects of imposing various further constraints that the interpretation is to satisfy.
Suchtkranke im SGB II: Vermittlungen an die Suchthilfe durch Jobcenter und Integration in Arbeit – eine kritische Bilanz
Authors: Henkel Dieter , Zemlin Uwe
Published: October 2013

Fragestellung: Im Sozialgesetzbuch II (SGB II) ist im § 16a festgelegt, dass eine Suchtberatung erbracht werden kann, wenn dies für die Integration in Arbeit erforderlich ist. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie viele der suchtkranken Arbeitslosengeld II-Beziehenden über den § 16a von einem Jobcenter an eine Einrichtung der Suchthilfe vermittelt werden, und wie viele die Überwindung der SGB II-Hilfebedürftigkeit durch Integration in existenzsichernde Erwerbstätigkeit schaffen. Methodik: Die Untersuchung erfolgt überwiegend anhand von Daten der Deutschen Suchthilfestatistik (DSHS). Ergebnisse: In Relation zur hohen Prävalenz von Suchtproblemen in der Gruppe der ALG II-Beziehenden ist die Zahl der Vermittlungen sehr klein und zudem seit 2010 rückläufig. Darüber hinaus erfolgen die Vermittlungen suchtdiagnostisch selektiv mit einer Bevorzugung von Personen mit Alkoholproblemen und einer Benachteiligung von Opiatabhängigen. DSHS-Daten und weitere Datenquellen zeigen, dass die Integration in existenzsichernde Arbeit nur in Ausnahmefällen gelingt. Schlussfolgerungen: Es werden Schlussfolgerungen gezogen zur Erhöhung der Quote der Vermittlungen durch Screening-Verfahren in den Jobcentern und Bedingungen genannt, die bei einem Screening gewährleistet sein müssten. Abschließend werden Empfehlungen für die Umsetzung guter Praxis in der Kooperation zwischen Jobcentern und Suchthilfe gegeben.
Influence of Embedded Fibers and an Epithelium Layer on the Glottal Closure Pattern in a Physical Vocal Fold Model
Authors: Xuan Yue , Zhang Zhaoyan
Published: October 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore the possible structural and material property features that may facilitate complete glottal closure in an otherwise isotropic physical vocal fold model.

Method

Seven vocal fold models with different structural features were used in this study. An isotropic model was used as the baseline model, and other models were modified from the baseline model by either embedding fibers aligned along the anterior–posterior direction in the body or cover layer, adding a stiffer outer layer simulating the epithelium layer, or a combination of the 2 features. Phonation tests were performed with both aerodynamic and acoustic measurements and high-speed imaging of vocal fold vibration.

Results

Compared with the isotropic one-layer model, the presence of a stiffer epithelium layer led to complete glottal closure along the anterior–posterior direction and strong excitation of high-order harmonics in the resulting acoustic spectra. Similar improvements were observed with fibers embedded in the cover layer, but to a lesser degree. The presence of fibers in the body layer did not yield noticeable improvements in glottal closure or harmonic excitation.

Conclusion

This study shows that the presence of collagen and elastin fibers and the epithelium layer may play a critical role in achieving complete glottal closure.
Device‐free indoor human presence detection method based on the information entropy of RSSI variations
Authors: Mrazovac B. , Todorović B.M. , Bjelica M.Z. , Kukolj D.
Published: October 2013

At microwave frequencies, absorption by molecular resonance is a major factor affecting radio propagation. Irregularities in the radio propagation pattern, expressed in a form of the received signal strength indicator's (RSSI) variations, can indicate the possible presence of a human within the radio network. The proposed human presence detection method is based on the information entropy calculated over a set of principal components extracted from a sequence of RSSI samples incrementally, without estimating the covariance matrix. By applying the entropy algorithm, the information on human presence is quantified from the sequence of principal components. It is shown that through‐the‐wall human activities, which introduce disturbances in the RSSI footprint of the monitoring room, do not affect the detection accuracy of the method. Experimental results obtained for the 2.4 GHz indoor radio network assess the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Realisation of highly compact planar lowpass filter for UWB RFID applications
Authors: Mirzaee M. , Virdee B.S.
Published: October 2013

A novel compact microstrip lowpass filter is described that exhibits an quasi‐elliptical function response with high out‐of‐band rejection for integration in ultra‐wideband (UWB) chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) receivers. The filter's characteristics include a wide‐stopband and low passband insertion loss with a passband ripple of 0.03 dB. Out‐of‐band attenuation of 30 dB is achieved up to about four times the cutoff frequency (4fc), and 20 dB up to about seven times the cutoff frequency (7fc). In addition, the proposed filter structure offers a high figure‐of‐merit of 8657 that exceeds the lowpass planar filters with an equal cutoff frequency reported in the literature to date.
Modelling and analysis of current and potential distribution paths for grounding devices
Authors: Chikarov Yury , Lie Tek Tjing , Nair Nirmal Kumar C.
Published: October 2013

This study proposes and develops a mathematical formulation that helps to clearly understand the current and voltage distribution in the damaged and physically integrated horizontal elements of grounding systems. This realistic mathematical model of the grounding device with damaged elements will help to estimate the current and voltage distribution at the generating substation and will improve safety conditions for staff and equipment and reducing damages associated with equipment failures. It will also provide the basis for developing novel grounding integrity detection techniques.
Synthesis of titanium dioxide–reduced graphite oxide nanocomposites and their photocatalytic performance
Authors: He Ying , Zhang Yihe , Huang Hongwei , Zhang Rui
Published: October 2013

Chemically bonded titanium dioxide (TiO2)–reduced graphite oxide (RGO) composites have been successfully prepared with graphite oxide and peroxotitanium complex by low‐temperature liquid reaction. The prepared TiO2 nanoparticles with diameters of about 10 nm consisted of anatase phase and a slight amount of brookite phase. In the TiO2–RGO composites, TiO2 nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed on the RGO surface from the scanning electron microscopy images. The as‐prepared TiO2–RGO composites exhibited much higher efficiency in the degradation of methylene blue under ultraviolet light irradiation compared with pure TiO2 nanoparticles. In addition, the influences of the RGO content in the TiO2–RGO composites on the photocatalytic degradation activity were also researched.
Growth rate measurements of lysozyme crystals under microgravity conditions by laser interferometry
Authors: Yoshizaki Izumi , Tsukamoto Katsuo , Yamazaki Tomoya , Murayama Kenta , Oshi Kentaro , Fukuyama Seijiro , Shimaoka Taro , Suzuki Yoshihisa , Tachibana Masaru
Published: October 2013

The growth rate vs. supersaturation of a lysozyme crystal was successfully measured in situ together with the crystal surface observation and the concentration measurements onboard the International Space Station. A Michelson-type interferometer and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer were, respectively, employed for real-time growth rate measurements and concentration field measurements. The hardware development, sample preparation, operation, and analysis methods are described.
Photo excitation and laser detachment of C60− anions in a storage ring
Authors: Støchkel K. , Andersen J. U.
Published: October 2013

We have studied the photo physics of C60− anions in the electrostatic storage ring ELISA with ions produced in a plasma source and cooled and bunched in a He filled ion trap. A previous study using delayed electron detachment as a signal of resonance-enhanced multiphoton electron detachment (REMPED) has been repeated both at room temperature and with the trap cooled to liquid nitrogen temperature. However, wavelength dependence of the overlap of the strongly focused laser beam with the ion beam introduces distortions of the absorption spectrum. We have therefore applied a new method, combining the IR light with a slightly delayed, powerful UV pulse (266 nm). After absorption of three UV photons, the ions decay by delayed (thermal) electron emission, and time spectra are recorded for varying wavelength. The fraction of ions heated by absorption of a single IR photon is then extracted from a principal component analysis of these spectra. In good agreement with the earlier REMPED experiment, an origin band for transitions between the two lowest electronic levels of the anion, with t1u and t1g symmetry, is observed at 9380 cm−1, with strong sidebands from excitation of the two Ag and eight Hg vibrations. As before, a hot band is observed at about 9150 cm−1 and assigned to a transition from an excited vibronic Jahn–Teller state. However, an earlier observed band at higher energy, interpreted as a transition from this excited state to an excited vibronic state in the t1g electronic level, is much weaker in the new measurements and could be an Hg vibrational sideband. Also earlier studies of direct laser detachment from C60− in the storage ring ASTRID have been revisited, with ions cooled by liquid nitrogen in the ion trap. We confirm the previous measurement with a determination of the threshold for s-wave detachment at 2.664 ± 0.005 eV, slightly lower than a recent value of the electron binding, 2.683 ± 0.008 eV, obtained from the energy spectrum of photo electrons. The detachment yield is observed to increase sharply for photon energies above a threshold at 2.78 eV, maybe caused by either Feshbach resonances or a shape resonance due to the presence of a bound electron state in the continuum.
Electronic, elastic, vibrational, and thermodynamic properties of type-VIII clathrates Ba8Ga16Sn30 and Ba8Al16Sn30 by first principles
Authors: Norouzzadeh Payam , Myles Charles W. , Vashaee Daryoosh
Published: October 2013

We present the results of studying electronic, elastic, vibrational, and thermodynamic properties of type-VIII clathrates Ba8Ga16Sn30 Ba8Al16Sn30 calculated from a first-principles approach. The calculations utilize the generalized gradient approximation to density functional theory. The results indicate that the Ba8Ga16Sn30 and Ba8Al16Sn30 are indirect semiconductors with fundamental band gaps of 160 meV and 315 meV, respectively. It was also found that the stiffness of Al containing type-VIII clathrate does not show any significant change against the uniform pressure, shearing, and linear strains. The phonon spectrum and the phonon state densities of these compounds as well as the Raman and infrared active modes were further calculated and the effects of replacing the Ga with Al atoms on the properties of interest were discussed. The calculated elastic, vibrational, and thermodynamic properties along with Raman and IR spectra are reported for the first time. The identification of the Raman and infrared active modes will be especially useful for the experimental characterizations of these compounds. Our calculations show that the heat capacities of these clathrates increase smoothly with temperature and approach the Dulong-Petit value at about room temperature, which agrees with the existing experimental data.
TiOx/Al bilayer as cathode buffer layer for inverted organic solar cell
Authors: Chang Jingjing , Ming Kam Zhi , Lin Zhenhua , Zhu Chunxiang , Zhang Jie , Wu Jishan
Published: October 2013

Titanium oxide (TiOx) modified with a thin layer of Al was used as an electron transporting layer in an inverted organic solar cell based on the P3HT/PCBM blend. The thin Al layer was shown to improve the TiOx surface properties, decreased the work-function of TiOx, increased the built-in voltage, and facilitated electron extraction. As a result, good device performance with power conversion efficiency of 3.6%, open circuit voltage of 0.60 V, short circuit current of 9.13 mA/cm2, and fill factor of 0.66 was achieved. The light soaking problem was eliminated compared to the TiOx only device.
Nonlinear propagation of dust-acoustic waves in an unmagnetized dusty plasma with nonthermal electron and vortex-like ion distribution
Authors: Paul A. , Mandal G. , Mamun A. A. , Amin M. R.
Published: October 2013

The nonlinear propagation of dust-acoustic (DA) waves in an unmagnetized dusty plasma consisting of nonthermal electrons, vortex-like (trapped) distributed ions and mobile negative dust have been investigated by employing the reductive perturbation technique. The effects of nonthermal electrons and trapped ions are found to modify the properties of the DA solitary waves.
Adaptation of the pseudo-metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistor technique to ultrathin silicon–on-insulator wafers characterization: Improved set-up, measurement procedure, parameter extraction, and modeling
Authors: Van Den Daele W. , Malaquin C. , Baumel N. , Kononchuk O. , Cristoloveanu S.
Published: October 2013

This paper revisits and adapts of the pseudo-MOSFET (Ψ-MOSFET) characterization technique for advanced fully depleted silicon on insulator (FDSOI) wafers. We review the current challenges for standard Ψ-MOSFET set-up on ultra-thin body (12 nm) over ultra-thin buried oxide (25 nm BOX) and propose a novel set-up enabling the technique on FDSOI structures. This novel configuration embeds 4 probes with large tip radius (100–200 μm) and low pressure to avoid oxide damage. Compared with previous 4-point probe measurements, we introduce a simplified and faster methodology together with an adapted Y-function. The models for parameters extraction are revisited and calibrated through systematic measurements of SOI wafers with variable film thickness. We propose an in-depth analysis of the FDSOI structure through comparison of experimental data, TCAD (Technology Computed Aided Design) simulations, and analytical modeling. TCAD simulations are used to unify previously reported thickness-dependent analytical models by analyzing the BOX/substrate potential and the electrical field in ultrathin films. Our updated analytical models are used to explain the results and to extract correct electrical parameters such as low-field electron and hole mobility, subthreshold slope, and film/BOX interface traps density.
Electrochemical synthesis of large diameter monocrystalline nickel nanowires in porous alumina membranes
Authors: Dellis S. , Christoulaki A. , Spiliopoulos N. , Anastassopoulos D. L. , Vradis A. A.
Published: October 2013

In this work, the synthesis of long, single-crystal nickel nanowires (NWs) using dc electrodeposition is reported. Porous alumina membranes with 220 nm mean pore diameter were used as a template. This diameter is much larger than what is usually reported in single crystal NWs synthesis. The dependence of the NW crystal structure upon applied voltage as well as the change in crystal structure along the NW's length is also investigated. Finally, in order to get sufficient understanding of the present results, a model based on two competing growth mechanisms is proposed, revealing the dependence of crystal structure upon the voltage applied during the electrodeposition process.
Density functional theory calculation of edge stresses in monolayer MoS2
Authors: Qi Zenan , Cao Penghui , Park Harold S.
Published: October 2013

We utilize density functional theory to calculate the edge energy and edge stress for monolayer MoS2 nanoribbons. In contrast to previous reports for graphene, for both armchair and zigzag chiralities, the edge stresses for MoS2 nanoribbons are found to be tensile, indicating that their lowest energy configuration is one of compression in which Mo-S bond lengths are shorter than those in a bulk, periodic MoS2 monolayer. The edge energy and edge stress is found to converge for both chiralities for nanoribbon widths larger than about 1 nm.
Surface photovoltage characterization of organic photovoltaic devices
Authors: Lee Yun-Ju , Wang Jian , Hsu Julia W. P.
Published: October 2013

Surface photovoltage response in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells is determined using a Kelvin probe with variable illumination intensity and wavelength. The effect of device architecture, carrier transport layers, donor:acceptor combinations, and device processing conditions are studied. We observe a positive (negative) surface photovoltage response, corresponding to efficient accumulation of electrons (holes) at the top electrode in conventional (inverted) devices. The linear relationship between surface photovoltage and log(intensity) and the agreement with open circuit voltage indicate that surface photovoltage magnitude quantifies the separation of photogenerated carriers in organic solar cells at open circuit condition.
Aperture-based antihydrogen gravity experiment: Parallel plate geometry
Authors: Rocha J. R. , Hedlof R. M. , Ordonez C. A.
Published: October 2013

An analytical model and a Monte Carlo simulation are presented of an experiment that could be used to determine the direction of the acceleration of antihydrogen due to gravity. The experiment would rely on methods developed by existing antihydrogen research collaborations. The configuration consists of two circular, parallel plates that have an axis of symmetry directed away from the center of the earth. The plates are separated by a small vertical distance, and include one or more pairs of circular barriers that protrude from the upper and lower plates, thereby forming an aperture between the plates. Antihydrogen annihilations that occur just beyond each barrier, within a “shadow” region, are asymmetric on the upper plate relative to the lower plate. The probability for such annihilations is determined for a point, line and spheroidal source of antihydrogen. The production of 100,000 antiatoms is predicted to be necessary for the aperture-based experiment to indicate the direction of free fall acceleration of antimatter, provided that antihydrogen is produced within a sufficiently small antiproton plasma at a temperature of 4 K.
Combination of nitrate (N, O) and boron isotopic ratios with microbiological indicators for the determination of nitrate sources in karstic groundwater
Authors: Briand Cyrielle , Plagnes Valérie , Sebilo Mathieu , Louvat Pascale , Chesnot Thierry , Schneider Maude , Ribstein Pierre , Marchet Pierre
Published: October 2013

Environmental context Nitrate contamination of drinking water quality may be critical, particularly in rural areas where agricultural practices may release large amounts of nitrogen. Knowledge of the source of such contamination, mandatory for water supply management, can be successfully acquired by combining the natural stable isotopes of nitrate, boron isotopic ratios and microbiological indicators. Abstract A new approach based on measurements of nitrate and boron isotopic composition associated with microbiological indicators for the determination of nitrate origin in karstic groundwater (SW, France) is presented. Nitrate and boron isotopic data indicate an animal source of nitrate (δ15N–NO3–>5‰, δ18O–NO3–<10‰ and δ11B ~25‰). Microorganism detection (bacteriophages) confirmed contamination from animal sources and proved fast water transfer (2–3 days) from surface to groundwater.