bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
News media framing of the Murray–Darling Basin ‘water theft’ controversy
Authors: Clifford Katrina , White Rob
Published: March 2021

An Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) Four Corners investigation, screened on free-to-air television on 24 July 2017, revealed a series of improper conducts pertaining to the Murray–Darling Basin river system. The journalistic exposé included allegations of water theft, questionable compliance decisions and collusion between water regulators and irrigation lobbyists. This interdisciplinary study explores the revelations and their framing in a sample of state and national media reports about the ‘water theft’ controversy and its fallout. It compares these with the normative frames adopted by critical green criminology, which views the allegations at the heart of the Murray–Darling Basin controversy in terms of state-corporate interests, industry capture of regulators and the notion that water ‘theft’ constitutes a ‘crime’ because of the environmental harm that results from excessive water extraction. This article presents the findings of the study, which elaborate on the impacts of media framing of crimes of the powerful (such as large agricultural companies and state government agencies), including the shaping of public understandings of environmental matters.
Medicinal psychedelics for mental health and addiction: Advancing research of an emerging paradigm
Authors: Perkins Daniel , Sarris Jerome , Rossell Susan , Bonomo Yvonne , Forbes David , Davey Christopher , Hoyer Daniel , Loo Colleen , Murray Greg , Hood Sean , Schubert Violeta , Galvão-Coelho Nicole Leite , O’Donnell Meaghen , Carter Olivia , Liknaitzky Paul , Williams Martin , Siskind Dan , Penington David , Berk Michael , Castle David
Published: March 2021

The medical use of psychedelic substances (e.g. psilocybin, ayahuasca, lysergic acid diethylamide and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is attracting renewed interest, driven by a pressing need for research and development of novel therapies for psychiatric disorders, as well as promising results of contemporary studies. In this Viewpoint, we reflect upon the ‘Clinical Memorandum on Psychedelics’ recently released by the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists and note subsequent developments including the application for down-scheduling of psilocybin and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine presently being considered by the Therapeutic Goods Administration and approvals for access via the Special Access Scheme. We suggest that this field is worthy of rigorous research to assess potential benefits, address safety parameters and clarify therapeutic mechanisms. To this end, we outline recent research findings, provide an overview of current knowledge relating to mechanisms of action and discuss salient aspects of the psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy treatment model. The sum of this research points towards medicinal psychedelics as a potential new class of psychiatric treatments when used within a medically supervised framework with integrated psychotherapeutic support. However, before widespread translation into clinical use can occur, appropriately designed and sufficiently powered trials are required to detect both potential positive and negative outcomes. Unique safety and regulatory challenges also need to be addressed. As for any new medical therapy, psychedelic research needs to be conducted in a rigorous manner, through the dispassionate lens of scientific enquiry. Carte blanche availability to practitioners, without specific protocols and appropriate training, would be potentially harmful to individuals and detrimental to the field.
Demonstration of automated non-adherence and service disengagement risk monitoring with active follow-up for severe mental illness
Authors: Bidargaddi Niranjan , Schrader Geoffrey , Myles Hannah , Schubert K Oliver , van Kasteren Yasmin , Zhang Tao , Bastiampillai Tarun , Roughead Elizabeth , Strobel Jorg
Published: March 2021

Aims:

Medication cessation and service disengagement often precedes relapse in people with severe mental illnesses but currently specialist mental health services only become involved after a relapse. Early detection of non-adherence is needed to enable intervention to avert relapse. This paper aims to demonstrate how digitally automated non-adherence risk monitoring from Medicare data with active follow-up can work and perform in practice in a real-world mental health service setting.

Methods:

AI2 software is an automated risk monitoring tool to detect non-adherence using Medicare data. It was implemented prospectively in a cohort of 354 registered patients of a community mental health clinic between July 2019 and February 2020. Patients flagged as at risk by the software were reviewed by two clinicians. We describe the risks automatically flagged for non-adherence and the clinical responses. We examine differences in clinical and demographic factors in patients flagged at increased risk of non-adherence.

Results:

In total, 46.7% (142/304) were flagged by the software as at risk of non-adherence, and 22% (31/142) received an intervention following clinician review of their case notes. Patients flagged by the software were older in age and had more prior mental health treatment episodes. More alerts were associated with patients who had been transferred from the mental health service to the care of their general practitioners, and those with more alerts were more likely to receive a follow-up intervention.

Conclusion:

Digitally automated monitoring for non-adherence risk is feasible and can be integrated into clinical workflows in community psychiatric and primary care settings. The technology may assist clinicians and services to detect non-adherence behaviour early, thereby triggering interventions that have the potential to reduce rates of mental health deterioration and acute illness relapse.
Revolution From Above? Female Directors’ Equality-Related Actions in Organizations
Authors: Kirsch Anja
Published: March 2021

Drawing on interviews with women and men who serve on the supervisory boards of German stock-listed companies, this qualitative study examines why some female directors seek to augment gender equality in their organizations while others do not. Those who take action do so both in formal board processes and in informal settings. A sense of belonging to women as a social group and a sense of responsibility for women in the organization are key factors in explaining why some female directors contribute to gender equality. In addition, the study highlights the relevance of a board culture supportive of gender equality and positive expectations by other organizational members about female directors’ role in advancing gender equality. Board chairs influence how supportive female directors perceive the organizational context to be. Where the organizational context is not seen as supportive, those who take equality-related action anyway are experienced directors. Surprisingly, the presence of other women on the board does not appear to be related to whether or not female directors take action. Examining female directors’ actions and paying close attention to both their identities and their specific organizational settings shows how the interplay between social identity and situational opportunities and constraints affects board behavior.
Analysis of self-efficacy for stroke recognition and action from a cluster randomised trial evaluating the effects of stroke education pamphlets versus a 12-minute culturally tailored stroke film among Black and Hispanic churchgoers in New York
Authors: Ilunga Tshiswaka Daudet , Teresi Jeanne , Eimicke Joseph P. , Kong Jian , Noble James M. , Ogedegbe Gbenga , Williams Olajide
Published: March 2021

Background:

Because early recognition of symptoms and timely treatment of stroke can reduce mortality and the long-term effects of such events, efforts to make many people both aware of these symptoms and knowledgeable about what to do when recognising them are critical for reducing impacts from stroke.

Objectives:

To assess the impact of a stroke preparedness film (intervention) and stroke preparedness pamphlets (usual care) on self-efficacy for stroke recognition and action.

Design:

Two-arm cluster randomised trial conducted between July 2013 and August 2018.

Setting:

A total of 13 church sites located in economically disadvantaged urban neighbourhoods in New York. Of the 883 churchgoers approached, 503 expressed interest, 375 completed eligibility screening and 312 were randomised. Participant inclusion criteria were Black or Hispanic churchgoers, aged 34 years or older, without stroke history, but at a high risk for stroke. The intervention consisted of two 12-minute stroke films: Gospel of Stroke, in English for Black participants, and Derrame Cerebral, in Spanish for Hispanic participants.

Method:

Participants were pre–post-tested (at baseline, 6-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up) for self-efficacy. Descriptive analysis, a linear mixed model and t tests were used to assess the effects of a stroke preparedness film and stroke preparedness pamphlets on self-efficacy.

Results:

Findings are based on intention-to-treat analysis. A total of 310 participants completed the study (99% retention rate). About half (53.8%) of participants were Black and 46.2% Hispanic in the intervention group; 48.3% were Black and 51.7% were Hispanic in the usual care group. Overall, both groups evidenced higher self-efficacy (i.e. lower predicted means) over time ( p < .0001), although a significant benefit was not observed for the intervention relative to usual care.

Conclusion:

Both stroke preparedness films and stroke preparedness pamphlets improved self-efficacy with respect to stroke recognition and action among minority churchgoers.
How Industries Use Direct-to-Public Persuasion in Policy Conflicts: Asymmetries in Public Voting Responses
Authors: Seiders Kathleen , Flynn Andrea Godfrey , Nenkov Gergana Y.
Published: March 2021

Industries use persuasion strategies to gain public support when challenged by activist groups on consumer-relevant issues. This marketing practice, termed “direct-to-public persuasion,” has received limited attention in the field, and thus we have little understanding of when such campaigns fail or succeed. This research introduces a theoretically derived and empirically supported framework that draws from multiple areas, including marketing persuasion, political campaign strategy, sociopolitical legitimacy, and perceptual fit, to identify important differences in the effectiveness of these persuasion strategies on attitudes and voting behavior. The multimethod approach includes a field study of ballot measure voting during a national U.S. election and three experimental studies. The findings contribute new knowledge of asymmetries in public response to industry and activist arguments. Stronger arguments from both sides lead to more favorable outcomes, but activist groups benefit most. Suspicion of activist arguments weakens the impact on attitudes and voting; industry argument suspicion has limited impact, though it does increase the likelihood of voter switching. A financial argumentation strategy works best for the industry side, while societal argumentation is more effective for the activist side. The insights offer guidance for industries and activist groups as argument strategy success is contingent on the side that uses it.
Teacher Unions, Political Machines, and the Thorny Politics of Education Reform in Latin America
Authors: Ross Schneider Ben
Published: March 2021

Existing research on developing countries emphasizes the decisive power of teacher unions in education politics. Yet that power varies, and a full understanding of the roots of union power and the sources of cross-national variation requires deeper analysis of organizational dynamics within unions. This analysis supports four arguments. First, teachers have a range of advantages in overcoming obstacles to collective action. Second, unions are not all alike; they vary widely, from interest groups (in Chile, Brazil, and Peru) to powerful political machines (in Mexico and Ecuador). Third, the source of this variation lies in factors (e.g., influence over teacher hiring) that shift power within unions from members to leaders in political-machine unions. Fourth, analyzing the dimensions of variation helps explain the different outcomes of recent reforms to teacher careers in Latin America, especially in highlighting the staunch opposition from political-machine unions.
Federal Wealth Policy and the Perpetuation of White Supremacy
Authors: Williams Robert B.
Published: March 2021

Since its inception, the U.S. government has strongly promoted the expansion of White wealth. These past policies have created the current wealth gaps in which White households typically hold >10 times the wealth held by Black or Latinx households. The tradition continues today. Using nine tax deductions, the federal government currently supports household wealth accumulation by nearly $640 billion annually. Although they make no overt mention of race, these tax exemptions are designed specifically to help wealthier households. Using evidence from the Survey of Consumer Finances, this article estimates the racial shares of these tax benefits and shows a clear pattern of racial favoritism. In addition, repeated efforts to eliminate the estate and gift taxes mean more intergenerational wealth is tax-exempted. As in the past, our current federal wealth policies are promoting White supremacy.
Global publication trends and hotspots of molecular biomarkers in DILI from 1991 to 2020: A 30-year bibliometric analysis
Authors: Cao Mingnan , Wang Li , Zhang Lin , Duan Jingli
Published: March 2021

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the common adverse drug reactions and the leading cause of drug development attritions, black box warnings, and post-marketing withdrawals. Current biomarkers are suboptimal in detecting DILI and predicting its outcome. This study aimed to quantitatively and qualitatively investigate the research trends on DILI biomarkers using bibliometric analysis. All relevant publications were extracted from the Web of Science database. An online analysis platform of literature metrology, bibliographic item co-occurrence matrix builder, and CiteSpace software were used to analyze the publication trends. CitNetExplorer was used to construct direct citation networks and VOSviewer was used to analyze the keywords and research hotspots. We found a total of 485 publications related to DILI biomarkers published from 1991 to 2020. Toxicological Sciences had been the most popular journal in this field over the past 30 years. The USA maintained a top position worldwide and provided a pivotal influence, followed by China. Among all the institutions, the University of Liverpool was regarded as a leader for research collaboration. Moreover, Professors Paul B. Watkins and Tsuyoshi Yokoi made great achievements in topic area. We analyzed the citation networks and keywords, therefore identified five and six research hotspot clusters, respectively. We considered the publication information regarding different countries/regions, organizations, authors, journals, et al. by summarizing the literature on DILI biomarkers over the past 30 years. Notably, the subject of DILI biomarkers is an active area of research. In addition, the investigation and discovery of novel promising biomarkers such as microRNAs, keratin18, and bile acids will be future developing hotspots.
Racial Battle Fatigue: The Experiences of Black/African American, Biracial Black, and Multiracial Black Identified Graduate Students
Authors: Ragland Woods Catherine C. , Chronister Krista M. , Perez Grabow Aleksandria , Woods William E. , Woodlee Kyndl
Published: March 2021

Black students attending historically White institutions of higher education experience racism, racial microaggressions, racial stress, and consequent racial battle fatigue (RBF; Franklin et al., 2014). We examined Black counseling and clinical graduate students’ (BGS) experiences of psychological, physiological, and behavioral RBF across their roles as students in class, advisees, and supervisees and differences in RBF experiences by gender and race. Participants were 57 counseling and clinical graduate students who identified as Monoracial, Biracial, or Multiracial Black. One-way, repeated measures analysis of variance results showed that BGS experienced the highest levels of RBF in their student-in-class role, and those experiences differed for women and men. Results suggest that the RBF framework has utility for measuring and further understanding how BGS’ student role and learning contexts influence their postsecondary experiences and how institutions can develop better supports for this student population.
The Use of Visuals in Undergraduate Neuroscience Education: Recommendations for Educators
Authors: Sahiti Qendresa , Stamp Jennifer A.
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

There is a history of overlap between art and science education, particularly in anatomy and other related medical specialties. Technological advances have increased exposure to visual images and creation and sharing of image-based content is commonplace.

Statement of the Problem:

The use of visual content and activities in education typically declines after early childhood, after which most teaching and learning relies heavily on text-based curricula. Incorporating visual content into education makes optimal use of human cognition; visual and verbal processing channels can operate independently, so using both allows for dual coding and enhanced memory.

Literature Review:

In this paper, we review the literature on the use of visual techniques in teaching undergraduate neuroscience.

Teaching Implications:

Image-based content can offer learners an additional cognitive resource and also engage English language learners and those with reading challenges, which might not benefit as much from a solely text-based approach.

Conclusion:

We recommend educators consider the use of (1) learner-generated drawing, (2) 3-D modeling, and (3) infographics to improve learning outcomes among undergraduate neuroscience students. We provide resources and practical suggestions for implementing the aforementioned techniques.
Path planning of surgical needle: A new adaptive intelligent particle swarm optimization method
Authors: Tan Zhen , Liang Hua-Geng , Zhang Dan , Wang Qing-Guo
Published: March 2021

Percutaneous puncture interventional therapy is an important method for pathological examination, local anesthesia, and local drug delivery in modern clinics. Due to the existence of complex obstacles such as nerves, arteries, bones and so on in the puncture path, it is a challenging work to design the optimal path for surgical needle. In this paper, we propose a new path planning method based on the adaptive intelligent particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with parameter adjustment mechanism. First, force and motion analysis are carried out on the bevel-tip flexible needle after piercing into human tissues, the motion model of the needle and the spatial transformation model of puncture route in three-dimensional space are obtained, respectively. Then, a multi-objective function is established, which includes puncture path length function, puncture error function and collision detection function. Finally, the optimal puncture path is obtained based on the adaptive intelligent PSO algorithm. The simulation results show that the newly proposed path planning method has higher efficiency, better adaptability to complex environments and higher accuracy than other path planning methods in literature.
Searchable Turkish OCRed historical newspaper collection 1928–1942
Authors: Menhour Houssem , Şahin Hasan Basri , Sarıkaya Ramazan Nejdet , Aktaş Medine , Sağlam Rümeysa , Ekinci Ekin , Eken Süleyman
Published: March 2021

The newspaper emerged as a distinct cultural form in early 17th-century Europe. It is bound up with the early modern period of history. Historical newspapers are of utmost importance to nations and its people, and researchers from different disciplines rely on these papers to improve our understanding of the past. In pursuit of satisfying this need, Istanbul University Head Office of Library and Documentation provides access to a big database of scanned historical newspapers. To take it another step further and make the documents more accessible, we need to run optical character recognition (OCR) and named entity recognition (NER) tasks on the whole database and index the results to allow for full-text search mechanism. We design and implement a system encompassing the whole pipeline starting from scrapping the dataset from the original website to providing a graphical user interface to run search queries, and it manages to do that successfully. Proposed system provides to search people, culture and security-related keywords and to visualise them.
Agency, new technological path creation and long waves of local economic growth in Oxfordshire
Authors: Simmie James
Published: March 2021

In this article it is argued that long-term economic growth can be secured by the continual re-invention of the technological and consequential economic bases of local economies. Starting from the perspective of evolutionary path dependence in the development histories of new technologies, the roles of innovators in the creation of new technological pathways are theorised. Historical case study evidence is then presented of the contributions of pioneering innovators to the ongoing long-term production and employment growth in the local economy of Oxfordshire over the last two centuries. Oxfordshire provides an empirical example of one of the more successful local economies in the UK. It is concluded that much of this success has been based on the activities of a small number of innovators who have used national and international knowledge networks to import cutting edge technologies of their time into the local economy in order to start world leading industries in the County. These have formed the bases of its long-term economic performance.
The effectiveness of blood-flow restricted resistance training in the musculoskeletal rehabilitation of patients with lower limb disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nitzsche Nico , Stäuber Alexander , Tiede Samuel , Schulz Henry
Published: March 2021

Objective:

This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of low-load Resistance Training (RT) with or without Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) compared with conventional RT on muscle strength in open and closed kinetic chains, muscle volume and pain in individuals with orthopaedic impairments.

Data sources:

Searches were conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane databases, including the reference lists of randomised controlled trials (RCT’s) up to January 2021. Review method: An independent reviewer extracted study characteristics, orthopaedic indications, exercise data and outcome measures. The primary outcome was muscle strength of the lower limb. Secondary outcomes were muscle volume and pain. Study quality and reporting was assessed using the TESTEX scale.

Results:

A total of 10 RCTs with 386 subjects (39.2 ± 17.1 years) were included in the analysis to compare low-load RT with BFR and high or low-load RT without BFR. The meta-analysis showed no significant superior effects of low-load resistance training with BFR regarding leg muscle strength in open and closed kinetic chains, muscle volume or pain compared with high or low-load RT without BFR in subjects with lower limb impairments.

Conclusion:

Low-load RT with BFR leads to changes in muscle strength, muscle volume and pain in musculoskeletal rehabilitation that are comparable to conventional RT. This appears to be independent of strength testing in open or closed kinetic chains.
Data-Driven Approach to Quantify and Reduce Error Associated with Assigning Short Duration Counts to Traffic Pattern Groups
Authors: Grande Giuseppe , Paramita Puteri , Regehr Jonathan D.
Published: March 2021

Traffic monitoring agencies collect traffic data samples to estimate annual average daily traffic (AADT) at short duration count sites. The steps to estimate AADT from sample data introduce error that manifests as uncertainty in the AADT statistic and its applications. Past research suggests that the assignment of a short duration count site to a traffic pattern group (TPG), characterized by known traffic periodicities, represents a significant but poorly quantified source of error. This paper presents an approach to quantify the range of errors arising from such assignments and to mitigate these errors using a novel data-driven assignment method. The approach uses simulated 48-hour short duration counts sampled from continuous count sites with known AADT to develop a benchmark of the total error expected when AADT is estimated from such samples. Likewise, the analysis produces a set of AADT estimates using temporal factors from pre-defined TPGs to quantify the range of assignment errors. The data-driven assignment method aims to mitigate these errors by minimizing the absolute mean deviation in AADT estimates produced from multiple short duration counts in a single year. The approach is applied to traffic data collected in Manitoba, Canada, as a case study. The results indicate that the mean absolute error from 48-hour short duration counts is 6.40% of the true AADT and that improper assignment can lead to a range in mean absolute errors of 9%. When applied to previously unassigned sites, the data-driven assignment method reduced mean absolute errors from 10.32%, using a conventional assignment method, to 7.86%.
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Highway Traffic Patterns in Hurricane Irma Evacuation
Authors: Ghorbanzadeh Mahyar , Burns Simone , Rugminiamma Linoj Vijayan Nair , Erman Ozguven Eren , Huang Wenrui
Published: March 2021

The State of Florida is significantly vulnerable to catastrophic hurricanes that cause widespread infrastructural damage and claim lives annually. In 2017, Hurricane Irma, a Category 4 hurricane, took on the entirety of Florida, causing the state’s largest evacuation ever as 7 million residents fled the hurricane. Floridians fleeing the hurricane faced the unique challenge of where to go, since Irma made an unusual landfall from the south, enveloping the entire state, forcing evacuees to drive farther north, and creating traffic jams along Florida’s evacuation routes that were worse than during any other hurricane in Florida's history. This study aimed to assess the spatiotemporal traffic impacts of Irma on Florida’s major highways based on real-time traffic data before, during, and after the hurricane made landfall. First, we conducted a time-series-based analysis to evaluate the temporal evacuation patterns of this large-scale evacuation. Second, we developed a metric, namely the congestion index (CI), to assess the spatiotemporal evacuation patterns on I-95, I-75, I-10, I-4, and turnpike (SR-91) highways with a focus on both evacuation and returning traffic. Third, we employed a geographic information system-based analysis to visually illustrate the CI values of corresponding highway sections with respect to different dates and times. Findings clearly showed that imperfect forecasts and the uncertainty surrounding Irma’s predicted path resulted in high levels of congestion and severe delays on Florida’s major evacuation routes.
Natural Zeitgebers Under Temperate Conditions Cannot Compensate for the Loss of a Functional Circadian Clock in Timing of a Vital Behavior in Drosophila
Authors: Ruf Franziska , Mitesser Oliver , Mungwa Simon Tii , Horn Melanie , Rieger Dirk , Hovestadt Thomas , Wegener Christian
Published: March 2021

The adaptive significance of adjusting behavioral activities to the right time of the day seems obvious. Laboratory studies implicated an important role of circadian clocks in behavioral timing and rhythmicity. Yet, recent studies on clock-mutant animals questioned this importance under more naturalistic settings, as various clock mutants showed nearly normal diel activity rhythms under seminatural zeitgeber conditions. We here report evidence that proper timing of eclosion, a vital behavior of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, requires a functional molecular clock under quasi-natural conditions. In contrast to wild-type flies, period01 mutants with a defective molecular clock showed impaired rhythmicity and gating in a temperate environment even in the presence of a full complement of abiotic zeitgebers. Although period01 mutants still eclosed during a certain time window during the day, this time window was much broader and loosely defined, and rhythmicity was lower or lost as classified by various statistical measures. Moreover, peak eclosion time became more susceptible to variable day-to-day changes of light. In contrast, flies with impaired peptidergic interclock signaling ( Pdf01 and han5304 PDF receptor mutants) eclosed mostly rhythmically with normal gate sizes, similar to wild-type controls. Our results suggest that the presence of natural zeitgebers is not sufficient, and a functional molecular clock is required to induce stable temporal eclosion patterns in flies under temperate conditions with considerable day-to-day variation in light intensity and temperature. Temperate zeitgebers are, however, sufficient to functionally rescue a loss of PDF-mediated clock-internal and -output signaling
Theories Unique to Nursing: Ever-Changing Guides to Nursing Practice
Authors: Doe Mi Jin
Published: March 2021

The author in this article provides the introduction to the review of Peterson and Bredow’s 5th edition of Middle Range Theories: Application to Nursing Research and Practice.
Thoughts on Friendship
Authors: Bunkers Sandra Schmidt
Published: March 2021

The author here explores ideas on friendship from a philosophical, theological, sociological, and humanbecoming paradigm perspective. Personal experiences of the author provide examples of how friendship is important to an individual’s living quality.
Shaming: Considerations for Practice
Authors: Carroll Karen
Published: March 2021

Feeling ashamed frequently arises with the experience of being shamed by others. In the initial thoughts put forth in this article and the article that follows, considerations to the feelings of shame arising with the shaming are explored within the context of persons who have experienced sexual violence. This provides insights for nursing practice based on a nursing theoretical perspective.
A Parsesciencing Inquiry on Hope
Authors: Doe Mi Jin
Published: March 2021

Hope is a universal humanuniverse living experience. The author engaged in the Parsesciencing inquiry as a mode of inquiry unique to the humanbecoming paradigm. The inquiry stance was: What is the discerning extant moment of the universal humanuniverse living experience of hope? Historians were 10 individuals, living in the community, who were age 18 and above. The major discovery of this Parsesciencing inquiry was the discerning extant moment: Hope is envisioning possibilities with contentment, as tenacious forbearance amid the arduous arises with treasured affiliations.
Nano-lubricant influence on surface residual stresses in hard milling
Authors: Raftar Omid Rohani , Kaveh Mahdi , Khajehzadeh Mohsen , Rahimi Abdolreza , Razfar Mohammad Reza
Published: March 2021

Residual stress could be induced by machining processes like milling which can greatly affect the fatigue life of fabricated parts, especially in dynamic loading conditions. In metal cutting operations, machining induced residual stresses can be explained in the terms of machining forces and temperatures of the cutting zones. This thermo mechanical loading along with the resulted metallurgical changes are the main sources of residual stresses generation at the surface of machined workpiece. Researchers have proved the superior properties of nanofluids over the conventional coolants to reduce the intensity of thermo mechanical loading in machining process which will affect the residual stresses caused by machining. Therefore, in this paper, silver nanoparticles in the water-soluble oil have been used for reducing the mechanical and thermal loads in the milling process. The cutting forces, temperature of the cutting zone, surface roughness and the residual stress of machined surface have been measured experimentally in milling of hardened steel AISI 4140 for various nanoparticle’s concentration, feeds and cutting speeds. Results show that increasing the concentration of Nano-particles in base fluid from 0.5 to 3.0% wt., will make machining surface residual stresses more compressive averagely by about 66.67% compared to conventional cutting fluid.
Emotional intelligence, Personality Variables and Career Adaptability: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Vashisht Sakshi , Kaushal Poonam , Vashisht Ravi
Published: March 2021

This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence, personality variables (Big V personality traits, self-esteem, self-efficacy, optimism and proactive personality) and career adaptability of students. Data were coded on CMA software version 3.0. Product–moment correlation coefficient (r) was considered as the effect size measure for this study. Publication bias was assessed using Egger’s regression test along with Orwin’s fail-safe N, but no significant publication bias was detected. From the results of 54 studies, it was found that all variables of the study had meta-analytic correlation with career adaptability of students. For heterogeneity, subgroup analysis was conducted, and significant differences were found.
Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Chinese Breast Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Anao , Jing Shijie , Solomon Phyllis , Brose Anna
Published: March 2021

Purpose:

To systematically review and meta-analyze all published studies, written in Chinese and published in China, focusing on mindfulness-based interventions for Chinese breast cancer patients’ mental health and quality of life outcomes.

Methods:

Following the Cochrane guideline, this study searched across five electronic debases, two professional websites, two major Chinese oncology journals, and reference lists of existing reviews and included studies. Meta-analysis was conducted using meta-regression with robust variance estimation. Publication bias and risk of bias were assessed and evaluated in the final analysis.

Results:

A final of 35 clinical trials included 126 effect sizes and 3,100 participants. Studies reported an overall large and statistically significant treatment effect, g = 0.963, p < .001.

Conclusions:

Mindfulness-based interventions were significantly effective for Chinese breast cancer patients and are recommended for oncology social workers. Moderator analyses identified group-based mindfulness interventions as significantly more effective than individual-based interventions, and mindfulness-based interventions delivered as therapeutic treatment were significantly more effective than ones delivered as supportive treatment.
Boundary-Work and the Distribution of Care for Survivors of Domestic Violence and Abuse in Primary Care Settings: Perspectives From U.K. Clinicians
Authors: Dowrick Anna , Feder Gene , Kelly Moira
Published: March 2021

Health care encounters are opportunities for primary care practitioners to identify women experiencing domestic violence and abuse (DVA). Increasing DVA support in primary care is a global policy priority but discussion about DVA during consultations remains rare. This article explores how primary care teams in the United Kingdom negotiate the boundaries of their responsibilities for providing DVA support. In-depth interviews were undertaken with 13 general practitioners (GPs) in two urban areas of the United Kingdom. Interviews were analyzed thematically. Analysis focused on the boundary practices participants undertook to establish their professional remit regarding abuse. GPs maintained permeable boundaries with specialist DVA support services. This enabled ongoing negotiation of the role played by clinicians in identifying DVA. This permeability was achieved by limiting the boundaries of the GP role in the care of patients with DVA to identification, with the work of providing support distributed to local specialist DVA agencies.
Data-driven active flutter control of airfoil with input constraints based on adaptive dynamic programming method
Authors: Jia Su , Tang Ye , Sun Jianqiao , Ding Qian
Published: March 2021

The stable flight region can be extended by adding control flap at the wing trailing edge and combined with active control technology. We studied the active flutter control by considering the input constraints. By designing the data-driven optimal controller, the limit cycle oscillations of a typical two-dimensional airfoil wing can be suppressed with single trailing edge control surface. The traditional control methods always need a precise mathematical model of the system, which put high requirements on system modeling. In this study, a novel data-driven optimal controller is proposed by using the input–output data and without depending on the nonlinear system dynamic model. This model-free approach avoids the effects of modeling errors and system uncertainty. When the data-driven controller is applied, the limit cycle oscillation phenomenon of the airfoil wing is eliminated within several seconds. It can be seen from the numerical simulation result that the data-driven adaptive dynamic programming control method possess superiority and feasibility.
“I Don’t Hate All Women, Just Those Stuck-Up Bitches”: How Incels and Mainstream Pornography Speak the Same Extreme Language of Misogyny
Authors: Tranchese Alessia , Sugiura Lisa
Published: March 2021

This article seeks to establish the connection—via shared discourse—between Incels and mainstream pornography. With an interdisciplinary approach which involves a Corpus Linguistics analysis of Reddit forum data, research into digital behaviors, and a feminist critique, this article focuses on the commonalities between the language of pornography and that of Incels. In doing so, it demonstrates how both pornography and Incels are different manifestations of the same misogyny. The findings of this study highlight the normalization of violence against women (VAW), which continues to be endemic in society, enabled and exacerbated by contemporary technologies.
What Is the Problem With Sexual Intimacy Following Intimate Partner Violence in the DSM-5?
Authors: Buller Alannah , Epstein Sarah , Hosken Norah
Published: March 2021

Drawing on a data subset from a larger Australian-focused project, this article reports on the ways that women’s voices have been silenced and misrecognized in the representation of the impact on sexual intimacy following experiences of intimate partner violence. Bacchi’s “What Is the Problem Represented to Be?” approach was used to identify, explore and unpack the “problem” representations of the impacts on sexual intimacy following women’s experiences of intimate partner violence within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
Roots and Routes Toward Decoloniality Within and Outside Psychology Praxis
Authors: Fernández Jesica Siham , Sonn Christopher C. , Carolissen Ronelle , Stevens Garth
Published: March 2021

Recent psychology scholarship has engaged topics of decoloniality, from conferences to journal publications to edited volumes. These efforts are examples of the decolonial turn, a paradigm shift oriented to interrupting the colonial legacies of power, knowledge, and being. As critical community psychologists, we contend that decoloniality/decolonization is an epistemic and ontological process of continuously disrupting the coloniality of power that is the hegemonic Western Eurocentric approach to theory, research, and practice. To document and critically understand this process of colonial disruption—the roots and routes toward decoloniality within and outside of community psychology—we collected information at conference workshops and an open-ended online survey disseminated across international contexts. Through an analysis of two conference workshops (Chile; United States) and a survey, we describe four orientations that capture how participants engage with a decolonizing praxis. The four orientations include Generating knowledge With and from Within, Sociohistorical Intersectional Consciousness, Relationships of Mutual Accountability, and Unsettling Subjectivities of Power/Privilege. The coloniality of power, which characterizes the ethics and tensions within the discipline, is uprooted through these orientations, thereby enabling possibilities to trek a route away from colonial theory, research, and practice, and toward the decolonial turn in community psychology.
Safety of arterial catheterization using the distal radial approach in intensive care unit management: A pilot study
Authors: Oi Marina , Maruhashi Takaaki , Ishikura Ai , Kurihara Yutaro , Yaguchi Yukiko , Masuda Kazumasa , Asari Yasushi
Published: March 2021

Background:

Arterial catheter (A-line) is essential for managing severely ill patients, and the radial artery is the most common insertion site in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, many accidental removals occur because the insertion site of A-line in the traditional radial approach (TRA) overlaps with the joint flexion. Recent reports have shown no significant difference in the complication rates between coronarography using the distal radial approach (DRA) and that using TRA. However, to date, no report has examined accidental removals of DRA in the ICU. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the safety of the DRA A-line in ICU management.

Methods:

This retrospective, descriptive, and observational study enrolled patients who underwent A-line insertion using the DRA at the authors’ facility, which is a university hospital with approximately 1100 beds, from January 1, 2019 to August 31, 2019. The participants’ clinical data were extracted from their medical records. The primary outcome was the number of accidental removals.

Results:

The study included 20 patients with a median age of 70 (interquartile range (IQR): 58.5–77) years: 10 patients with traumas, 6 with cerebral hemorrhages, 2 with gastrointestinal perforations, and 2 with other diagnoses. The number of punctures was 1 in 15 patients, 2 in 4 patients, and 3 in 1 patient. Only 1 patient required ultrasound guidance, whereas 12 patients required the use of guidewires. The median duration after insertion was 3 (IQR 2.5–5.5) days. Accidental removal was noted in only one patient. No other complications were observed during the period from insertion to removal.

Conclusions:

DRA may be a safe option for insertion of a new A-line in the ICU.
Making Cultural Values out of Urban Ruins: Re-enactments of Atmospheres
Authors: Göbel Hanna Katharina
Published: March 2021

This article calls for a consideration of the reuse aesthetics of urban ruins in terms of cultural valuations related to the political status of social practices. In the context of debates on ruins in the field of memory studies and along the division between politics and the political, I argue for the recognition of affective atmospheric practices based upon performative knowledge-making and reenactments of atmospheres from the past. As demonstrated by an example of reuse in Berlin in the 2000s, these practices recall rituals and routines from the pasts of ruins by performatively exploring their futures. This position will be critically situated within the debate about “socially engaged arts” and the neoliberal “creative city” policies in the city of Berlin. It will also be presented as a cultural value-making in conflict with the paradigm of historical reconstruction in architecture and planning aimed at creating architectural replications from the archive. The article concludes with a reflection on reenactments as cultural value-making, a perspective that may have an effect on heritage policies.
Effects of inert gas environment on the sliding wear behavior of AZ91/B4C surface composites
Authors: Patle Hemendra , Ratna Sunil B. , Anand Kumar S. , Dumpala Ravikumar
Published: March 2021

Tribological characteristics of AZ91/B4C surface composites were studied under air and argon gas environments. Tests were conducted under a constant normal load of 10 N, with a sliding velocity of 0.06 m/s using a linear reciprocating tribometer. Wear tracks and debris were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, three-dimensional contour topography, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in order to understand the wear mechanisms. The wear rate of the specimen tested under the argon environment was found to be lower (∼60%) in comparison with that of the specimen tested under the open-air environment. The value of the friction coefficient was found to be minimum under the argon environment compared with the air environment. In the air environment, the major material loss from the test specimen was attributed to oxidation wear; whereas under the argon environment, strain-hardening effect was dominant, and the material was found to be removed by delamination wear. In addition, the worn surface morphology of the wear tracks and counter surfaces showed the involvement of abrasion and adhesion wear mechanisms. The results of the study pave the pathway for the design of lightweight surface composite material systems such as AZ91/B4C toward an efficient and robust tribo-pair applicability for a controlled environment.
Cervical cord myelin abnormality is associated with clinical disability in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Lee Lisa Eunyoung , Vavasour Irene M , Dvorak Adam , Liu Hanwen , Abel Shawna , Johnson Poljanka , Ristow Stephen , Au Shelly , Laule Cornelia , Tam Roger , Li David KB , Cross Helen , Ackermans Nathalie , Schabas Alice J , Chan Jillian , Sayao Ana-Luiza , Devonshire Virginia , Carruthers Robert , Traboulsee Anthony , Kolind Shannon
Published: March 2021

Background:

Myelin water imaging (MWI) was recently optimized to provide quantitative in vivo measurement of spinal cord myelin, which is critically involved in multiple sclerosis (MS) disability.

Objective:

To assess cervical cord myelin measurements in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and progressive multiple sclerosis (ProgMS) participants and evaluate the correlation between myelin measures and clinical disability.

Methods:

We used MWI data from 35 RRMS, 30 ProgMS, and 28 healthy control (HC) participants collected at cord level C2/C3 on a 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Myelin heterogeneity index (MHI), a measurement of myelin variability, was calculated for whole cervical cord, global white matter, dorsal column, lateral and ventral funiculi. Correlations were assessed between MHI and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), 9-Hole Peg Test (9HPT), timed 25-foot walk, and disease duration.

Results:

In various regions of the cervical cord, ProgMS MHI was higher compared to HC (between 9.5% and 31%, p ⩽ 0.04) and RRMS (between 13% and 26%, p ⩽ 0.02), and ProgMS MHI was associated with EDSS ( r = 0.42–0.52) and 9HPT ( r = 0.45–0.52).

Conclusion:

Myelin abnormalities within clinically eloquent areas are related to clinical disability. MWI metrics have a potential role for monitoring subclinical disease progression and adjudicating treatment efficacy for new therapies targeting ProgMS.