bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Natural and anthropogenic impact on the microclimate and particulate matter in the UNESCO show cave
Authors: Miler Miloš , Zupančič Nina , Šebela Stanka , Jarc Simona
Published: July 2024

Particulate matter concentrations (PM10, PM2.5, PM1) and microclimatic parameters (air temperature, CO2) were monitored in the Škocjan Caves (Slovenia). The effects of tourist visits on the PM concentrations and the cave’s microclimate are immediate and direct, but these values normalise relatively quickly. The results showed seasonal, diurnal, and spatial differences in all parameters studied. Due to the higher number of visitors, their influence on the cave’s microclimate and PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations is greater in summer than in winter. The measured PM1 levels depend on the ventilation in the cave, as air transport plays an important role in their introduction into the cave. PM consists of minerals of natural origin resulting from the re-suspension of cave sediments due to strong air currents generated by the opening of the doors to tourists and their walks. The second most common influence is the anthropogenic phases originating from maintenance work in the cave, electronic devices, cave lighting and emissions from outside the cave (aerosols from the polluted Reka River, industry, traffic, gypsum waste disposal). In order to upgrade the sustainable use of the UNESCO-listed Škocjan Caves for tourism, we propose regular monitoring of PM and a detailed characterization of individual PMs and their sources, in addition to monitoring of the cave’s microclimate and biology.
Re-intermediation of the crypto asset ecosystem by banks: An empirical study on acceptance drivers among the populace
Authors: Zeiß Christian , Schaschek Myriam , Straub Lisa , Tomitza Christoph , Winkelmann Axel
Published: July 2024

After the initial surge in decentralized finance, widespread public adoption did not materialize. A predominant portion of the populace harbors distrust towards the crypto asset market. Conversely, banks, serving as intermediaries in financial management, enjoy heightened trust. The contemporary development within the banking sector indicates an inclination towards integrating into the crypto asset market. This integration results in new business models for banking institutions and emergent opportunities for their clientele. Prior research addresses perceptions surrounding cryptocurrencies. The present research augments this field by investigating the acceptance of crypto assets. Specifically, we conducted an empirical user study to analyze investing behaviors. By adapting the theoretical framework of the technology acceptance model to the unique characteristics of crypto assets, we highlight acceptance drivers. Notable variances in awareness of crypto assets affect investment decisions. The findings of this study contribute to social welfare by identifying impediments to sustainable investment practices. Additionally, these insights facilitate a more sophisticated comprehension of strategic alternatives available to banking institutions.
Cortical thickness and childhood eating behaviors: differences according to sex and age, and relevance for eating disorders
Authors: Breton Edith , Khundrakpam Budhachandra , Jeon Seun , Evans Alan , Booij Linda
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study investigated the association between childhood eating behaviors and cortical morphology, in relation to sex and age, in a community sample.

Methods

Neuroimaging data of 71 children (mean age = 9.9 ± 1.4 years; 39 boys/32 girls) were obtained from the Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland Sample. Emotional overeating, food fussiness, and emotional undereating were assessed using the Children’s Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Cortical thickness was obtained at 81,924 vertices covering the entire cortex. Generalized Linear Mixed Models were used for statistical analysis.

Results

There was a significant effect of sex in the association between cortical thickness and emotional overeating (localized at the right postcentral and bilateral superior parietal gyri). Boys with more emotional overeating presented cortical thickening, whereas the opposite was observed in girls (p < 0.05). Different patterns of association were identified between food fussiness and cortical thickness (p < 0.05). The left rostral middle frontal gyrus displayed a positive correlation with food fussiness from 6 to 8 years, but a negative correlation from 12 to 14 years. Emotional undereating was associated with cortical thickening at the left precuneus, left middle temporal gyrus, and left insula (p < 0.05) with no effect of sex or age.

Conclusions

Leveraging on a community sample, findings support distinct patterns of associations between eating behaviors and cortical thickness, depending on sex and age.
Perspectives of Secondary School Mathematics Teachers on the Implications of Streaming
Authors: van Beusekom Lars , Ingram Naomi
Published: July 2024

Streaming is a divisive pedagogy in New Zealand due to the varied definitions of streaming, the ways streaming is perceived to influence the educational experience of young people, and the complexity of teaching students at a range of achievement levels. This article aims to gain an understanding of secondary school mathematicsteachers? perspectives on streaming. Fifty-four secondary school mathematics teachers from across New Zealand were surveyed. The participants described a range of implications of streaming on their own practice, and a wide range of academic, affective and social implications of streaming on students, which showed that there is division amongst teachers around streaming. These implications often implied that teachers have narrow and homogeneous expectations of students in a streamed class. Further research could focus specifically on the homogeneous expectations of teachers in streamed classes.
Organic matter decay and bacterial community succession in mangroves under simulated climate change scenarios
Authors: Solano Juanita H. , Moitinho Marta A. , Chiaramonte Josiane B. , Bononi Laura , Packer Ana Paula , Melo Itamar S. , Dini-Andreote Francisco , Tsai Siu Mui , Taketani Rodrigo G.
Published: July 2024

Mangroves are coastal environments that provide resources for adjacent ecosystems due to their high productivity, organic matter decomposition, and carbon cycling by microbial communities in sediments. Since the industrial revolution, the increase of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) released due to fossil fuel burning led to many environmental abnormalities such as an increase in average temperature and ocean acidification. Based on the hypothesis that climate change modifies the microbial diversity associated with decaying organic matter in mangrove sediments, this study aimed to evaluate the microbial diversity under simulated climate change conditions during the litter decomposition process and the emission of GHG. Thus, microcosms containing organic matter from the three main plant species found in mangroves throughout the State of São Paulo, Brazil (Rhizophora mangle, Laguncularia racemosa, and Avicennia schaueriana) were incubated simulating climate changes (increase in temperature and pH). The decay rate was higher in the first seven days of incubation, but the differences between the simulated treatments were minor. GHG fluxes were higher in the first ten days and higher in samples under increased temperature. The variation in time resulted in substantial impacts on α-diversity and community composition, initially with a greater abundance of Gammaproteobacteria for all plant species despite the climate conditions variations. The PCoA analysis reveals the chronological sequence in β-diversity, indicating the increase of Deltaproteobacteria at the end of the process. The GHG emission varied in function of the organic matter source with an increase due to the elevated temperature, concurrent with the rise in the Deltaproteobacteria population. Thus, these results indicate that under the expected climate change scenario for the end of the century, the decomposition rate and GHG emissions will be potentially higher, leading to a harmful feedback loop of GHG production. This process can happen independently of an impact on the bacterial community structure due to these changes.
Current trends of blockchain technology: architecture, applications, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Abrar Iram , Sheikh Javaid A.
Published: July 2024

Blockchain technology has gained attention in recent times owing to its ability to revolutionize traditional trade through its distributed ledger attribute. The prompt advancement of blockchain demands new systematic studies to investigate and analyze the existing knowledge in this domain. In the current work, the present standing and emerging trends of blockchain have been analyzed to direct both new and experienced researchers in establishing a baseline for future research projects. Likewise, the research advancement of consensus protocol was reviewed with a particular emphasis on their security perspective. Accordingly, the attributes, appropriate scenarios, and probable weaknesses of different consensus protocols and their future trends were reviewed. This helps in scrutinizing how blockchain technology can be applied to a variety of emerging fields, including economics, healthcare, information systems, wireless networks, and smart grids. Additionally, the current evaluation provides a throughout discussion of blockchain applications in various fields. Finally, the paper offers a brief insight into limitations and prospective future development in this domain. Overall, the aim is to aid newbies in investigating and scheming new solutions while considering the present demands and issues.
Navigating Intercultural Communication in the Media Landscape: Challenging Stereotypes and Cultivating Critical Perspectives—Hall Model as the Framework
Authors: Ni Yuwei
Published: July 2024

This brief commentary delves into the intricate dynamics of intercultural communication within the realm of media influence, emphasising the importance of critical analysis and resistance to stereotypes. Drawing on Stuart Hall’s encoding-decoding model, the essay explores how audiences engage with media narratives from multiple perspectives, including dominant, negotiated, and oppositional readings. By examining two news through Hall’s model, the analysis reveals how audiences challenge prevailing stereotypes and biases, promoting a more nuanced understanding of complex social issues. The commentary highlights the role of the media in shaping identity dynamics and underscores the significance of audience agency in interpreting and responding to media messages. Through a nuanced analysis of media content, this essay contributes to a deeper understanding of the intricate interplay between media representations, audience perceptions, and cultural identities in the contemporary communication landscape.
Machine learning-based prediction of hazards fine PM2.5 concentrations: a case study of Delhi, India
Authors: Kumar Ram Pravesh , Prakash Aditya , Singh Ranjit , Kumar Pradeep
Published: July 2024

The air quality of many geographical locations has been deteriorating in the last decades. This deterioration in air quality has affected a very large number of people, and they have been diagnosed with asthma and other respiratory problems. Among various pollutants, PM2.5 is the major cause of numerous health-related problems. Predicting PM2.5 concentration levels using ML models of these dissolved particles might help residents and the government prepare a better prevention and safety plan that can eventually lower the risk factor. The present study is based on predicting the PM2.5 concentration of Delhi by applying various ML models based on meteorological features like wind speed, temperature, humidity, visibility, etc. For prediction of PM2.5, linear regression, decision tree regression, RF regression, KNN regression, and Lasso regression methods were employed in the present study. The model performance was assessed using various parameters, including MAE, MSE, RMSE, and R2 Score. In a comparative study of all regression models, linear regression demonstrated the most favorable outcomes. The model exhibited a superior fit to the data, evidenced by its lowest RMSE value (52.19), outperforming the random forest regression (RMSE = 94.75), K Nearest Neighbor regression (RMSE = 83.93), each of which yielded higher RMSE scores compared to linear regression. Lasso regression (RMSE = 65.20) and decision tree (RMSE = 68.22) also exhibited improved performance following linear regression. The findings of this study advocate for implementing strategies to enforce stringent emission regulations for both industrial operations and vehicular activities. Such measures are imperative for mitigating air pollution levels and subsequently curtailing its adverse impacts on public health within the region. Additionally, this study underscores the necessity for further research endeavours to explore future avenues, with the aim of garnering global attention towards addressing this pressing issue.
Language bursts and text quality in digital writing by young EFL learners
Authors: Garcés-Manzanera Aitor
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the relationship between pausing and revision behaviors, as captured by pause bursts (P-bursts) and revision bursts (R-bursts), and text quality in digital L2 writing contexts among young English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. The study involved 22 elementary school students aged 10–11 years, with English proficiency levels ranging from A1 to A2 (CEFRL). Participants completed a picture description writing task, and their writing processes were recorded using keystroke logging software. The results revealed that frequent pauses (P-bursts) were negatively correlated with text quality, suggesting cognitive overload or difficulties in language processing. In contrast, revision bursts (R-bursts) exhibited a positive correlation with text quality, indicating that the revision process played a crucial role in refining and improving the written output. Regression analysis further demonstrated that R-bursts significantly predicted text quality, underscoring the importance of revision behavior among young L2 writers. These findings contribute to our understanding of the cognitive processes underlying L2 writing in digital contexts and highlight the central role of revisions in enhancing text quality among young EFL learners. Educational implications emphasize the need for instructional practices that encourage and support the revision process in writing instruction for this population.
Betreuung, Beratung, Coaching – erste Impulse zu einer Abgrenzung
Authors: Sulprizio Marion , Zepp Christian
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung: Die Begriffe Betreuung, Beratung und Coaching werden in der angewandten Sportpsychologie bisher weder einheitlich noch trennscharf definiert. Vielmehr verwenden die sportpsychologischen Expert_innen diese Begriffe zum Teil synonym oder es werden unter dem gleichen Begriff widersprüchliche Maßnahmen oder Tools eingesetzt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird zunächst der Hintergrund zu den drei Begrifflichkeiten aufgerollt, um dann Gedanken zu einer einheitlicheren Verwendung in der angewandten Sportpsychologie vorzustellen. Dabei möchten die Autor_innen auf einer Reflexionsebene über die Sinnhaftigkeit einer Vereinheitlichung der Begriffe nachdenken und die Leserschaft bei diesen Überlegungen mitnehmen.
Strong Localized Pumping of Water Vapor to High Altitudes on Mars During the Perihelion Season
Authors: Brines A. , López‐Valverde M. A. , Funke B. , González‐Galindo F. , Aoki S. , Villanueva G. L. , Holmes J. A. , Belyaev D. A. , Liuzzi G. , Thomas I. R. , Erwin J. T. , Grabowski U. , Forget F. , Lopez‐Moreno J. J. , Rodriguez‐Gomez J. , Daerden F. , Trompet L. , Ristic B. , Patel M. R. , Bellucci G. , Vandaele A. C.
Published: July 2024

Here we present water vapor vertical profiles observed with the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter/Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery instrument during the perihelion and Southern summer solstice season (LS = 240°–300°) in three consecutive Martian Years 34, 35, and 36. We show the detailed latitudinal distribution of H2O at tangent altitudes from 10 to 120 km, revealing a vertical plume at 60°S–50°S injecting H2O upward, reaching abundance of about 50 ppmv at 100 km. We have observed this event repeatedly in the three Martian years analyzed, appearing at LS = 260°–280° and showing inter‐annual variations in the magnitude and timing due to long term effects of the Martian Year 34 Global Dust Storm. We provide a rough estimate of projected hydrogen escape of 3.2 × 109 cm−2 s−1 associated to these plumes, adding further evidence of the key role played by the perihelion season in the long term evolution of the planet's climate.
Infrared Radiation in the Thermosphere From 2002 to 2023
Authors: Mlynczak Martin G. , Hunt Linda , Nowak Nabil , Marshall B. Thomas , Mertens Christopher J.
Published: July 2024

Twenty‐two years (2002–2023) of infrared radiative cooling rate data derived from the SABER instrument on the NASA TIMED satellite are presented. Global daily and global annual infrared power (Watts, W) emitted by nitric oxide (NO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) illustrate the variability of the geospace environment on timescales from days to decades. The 11‐year solar cycle (SC) is evident in the global power data and in vertical profiles of infrared cooling rates (nW/m3). The global annual power radiated by NO and CO2 are larger in 2023 than at any time since 2003 and 2002, respectively. The to‐date peak in NO infrared power in SC 25 is larger than in SC 24, is comparable to SC 20, but is less than in SCs 18–19 and 21–23. Two geomagnetic storms in 2023 radiated more than 1 TW and are in the top 10 strongest storms observed by SABER.
Resilience of Snowball Earth to Stochastic Events
Authors: Chaverot Guillaume , Zorzi Andrea , Ding Xuesong , Itcovitz Jonathan , Fan Bowen , Bhatnagar Siddharth , Ji Aoshuang , Graham Robert J. , Mittal Tushar
Published: July 2024

Earth went through at least two periods of global glaciation (i.e., “Snowball Earth” states) during the Neoproterozoic, the shortest of which (the Marinoan) may not have lasted sufficiently long for its termination to be explained by the gradual volcanic build‐up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Large asteroid impacts and supervolcanic eruptions have been suggested as stochastic geological events that could cause a sudden end to global glaciation via a runaway melting process. Here, we employ an energy balance climate model to simulate the evolution of Snowball Earth's surface temperature after such events. We find that even a large impactor (diameters of d ∼ 100 km) and the supervolcanic Toba eruption (74 Kyr ago), are insufficient to terminate a Snowball state unless background CO2 has already been driven to high levels by long‐term outgassing. We suggest, according to our modeling framework, that Earth's Snowball states would have been resilient to termination by stochastic events.
Oceanic Fronts Driven by the Amazon Freshwater Plume and Their Thermohaline Compensation at the Submesoscale
Authors: Coadou‐Chaventon S. , Speich S. , Zhang D. , Rocha C. B. , Swart S.
Published: July 2024

Upper ocean fronts are dynamically active features of the global ocean playing a key role in the air‐sea exchanges of properties and their transport in the ocean interior. With scales ranging from the submesoscale (0.1–10 km) to the mesoscale (10–100s km) and a temporal variability from hours to months, collecting in situ observations of these structures is challenging and this has limited our understanding of their associated processes and impacts. During the EUREC4A‐OA/ATOMIC field experiment, which took place in the northwest tropical Atlantic in January–February 2020, a large number of uncrewed platforms, including five Saildrones, were deployed to provide a detailed picture of the upper‐ocean fine‐scale variability. This region is strongly influenced by the outflow of the Amazon River, even in winter, which is the minimum outflow season. Here, the generation of fine‐scale horizontal thermohaline gradients is driven by the stirring of this freshwater river input by large anticyclonic eddies, the so‐called North Brazil Current Rings. Vertical shear estimates using the Saildrones ADCP show that partial temperature compensation occurs along restratifying submesoscale salinity‐dominated fronts. The distribution of surface along‐track gradients, as sampled by different horizontal length‐scales, reveals the prevalence of submesoscale fronts. This is supported by a flattening of the spectral slopes of surface density at the submesoscale. This study emphasizes the need to resolve the upper ocean at high spatial resolution to understand its impact on the broader circulation and to properly represent air‐sea interactions.
Deletion in RMST lncRNA impairs hypothalamic neuronal development in a human stem cell-based model of Kallmann Syndrome
Authors: Ali Gowher , Shin Kyung Chul , Ahmed Nisar , Habbab Wesal , Alkhadairi Ghaneya , Razzaq Aleem , Bejaoui Yosra , El Hajj Nady , Mifsud Borbala , Park Yongsoo , Stanton Lawrence W.
Published: July 2024

Rhabdomyosarcoma 2-associated transcript (RMST) long non-coding RNA has previously been shown to cause Kallmann syndrome (KS), a rare genetic disorder characterized by congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) and olfactory dysfunction. In the present study, we generated large deletions of approximately 41.55 kb in the RMST gene in human pluripotent stem cells using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. To evaluate the impact of RMST deletion, these cells were differentiated into hypothalamic neurons that include 10–15% neurons that express gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH). We found that deletion in RMST did not impair the neurogenesis of GnRH neurons, however, the hypothalamic neurons were electro-physiologically hyperactive and had increased calcium influx activity compared to control. Transcriptomic and epigenetic analyses showed that RMST deletion caused altered expression of key genes involved in neuronal development, ion channels, synaptic signaling and cell adhesion. The in vitro generation of these RMST-deleted GnRH neurons provides an excellent cell-based model to dissect the molecular mechanism of RMST function in Kallmann syndrome and its role in hypothalamic neuronal development.
Emerging organic electrode materials for sustainable batteries
Authors: Hari Prasad P. M. , Malavika G. , Pillai Anuraj , Sadan Sachu , Pillai Zeena S.
Published: July 2024

Organic electrode materials (OEMs) possess low discharge potentials and charge‒discharge rates, making them suitable for use as affordable and eco-friendly rechargeable energy storage systems without needing metals such as lithium or sodium. OEMs can provide a sustainable energy economy by their development into stable and efficient next-generation high-power batteries. Despite the presence of several classes of OEMs, such as conducting polymers, 2D and 3D metal-organic frameworks, organolithium derivatives, 2D covalent organic frameworks, aromatic heterocyclic imides, and viologen derivatives, since their introduction in the 1960s, carbonyl-based molecules have maintained low discharge potentials and stable charging/discharging properties. Nevertheless, several redox-active organic molecules, including carbonyl derivatives, show poor electrochemical stability and ionic mobility in standard battery electrolytes, hampering their commercial use. Therefore, with the increased demand for renewable energy, the synthesis and testing of carbonyl-based OEMs continue to be performed in energy research. This review summarizes recent advances in developing carbonyl-based OEMs and their performance in rechargeable batteries.
Gene expression signature for predicting homologous recombination deficiency in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Pan Jia-Wern , Tan Zi-Ching , Ng Pei-Sze , Zabidi Muhammad Mamduh Ahmad , Nur Fatin Putri , Teo Jie-Ying , Hasan Siti Norhidayu , Islam Tania , Teoh Li-Ying , Jamaris Suniza , See Mee-Hoong , Yip Cheng-Har , Rajadurai Pathmanathan , Looi Lai-Meng , Taib Nur Aishah Mohd , Rueda Oscar M. , Caldas Carlos , Chin Suet-Feung , Lim Joanna , Teo Soo-Hwang
Published: July 2024

Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are a subset of breast cancers that have remained difficult to treat. A proportion of TNBCs arising in non-carriers of BRCA pathogenic variants have genomic features that are similar to BRCA carriers and may also benefit from PARP inhibitor treatment. Using genomic data from 129 TNBC samples from the Malaysian Breast Cancer (MyBrCa) cohort, we developed a gene expression-based machine learning classifier for homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) in TNBCs. The classifier identified samples with HRD mutational signature at an AUROC of 0.93 in MyBrCa validation datasets and 0.84 in TCGA TNBCs. Additionally, the classifier strongly segregated HRD-associated genomic features in TNBCs from TCGA, METABRIC, and ICGC. Thus, our gene expression classifier may identify triple-negative breast cancer patients with homologous recombination deficiency, suggesting an alternative method to identify individuals who may benefit from treatment with PARP inhibitors or platinum chemotherapy.
A group 3 medulloblastoma stem cell program is maintained by OTX2-mediated alternative splicing
Authors: Saulnier Olivier , Zagozewski Jamie , Liang Lisa , Hendrikse Liam D. , Layug Paul , Gordon Victor , Aldinger Kimberly A. , Haldipur Parthiv , Borlase Stephanie , Coudière-Morrison Ludivine , Cai Ting , Martell Emma , Gonzales Naomi M. , Palidwor Gareth , Porter Christopher J. , Richard Stéphane , Sharif Tanveer , Millen Kathleen J. , Doble Brad W. , Taylor Michael D. , Werbowetski-Ogilvie Tamra E.
Published: July 2024

OTX2 is a transcription factor and known driver in medulloblastoma (MB), where it is amplified in a subset of tumours and overexpressed in most cases of group 3 and group 4 MB. Here we demonstrate a noncanonical role for OTX2 in group 3 MB alternative splicing. OTX2 associates with the large assembly of splicing regulators complex through protein–protein interactions and regulates a stem cell splicing program. OTX2 can directly or indirectly bind RNA and this may be partially independent of its DNA regulatory functions. OTX2 controls a pro-tumorigenic splicing program that is mirrored in human cerebellar rhombic lip origins. Among the OTX2-regulated differentially spliced genes, PPHLN1 is expressed in the most primitive rhombic lip stem cells, and targeting PPHLN1 splicing reduces tumour growth and enhances survival in vivo. These findings identify OTX2-mediated alternative splicing as a major determinant of cell fate decisions that drive group 3 MB progression.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of Plagiognathops microlepis based on PacBio HiFi and Hi-C sequencing
Authors: Wu Yidi , Sha Hang , Luo Xiangzhong , Zou Guiwei , Liang Hongwei
Published: July 2024

Plagiognathops microlepis is an economic freshwater fish in the subfamily Xenocyprinae of Cyprinidae. It is widely distributed in the freshwater ecosystem of China, with moderate economic value and broad development prospects. However, the lack of genomic resources has limited our understanding on the genetic basis, phylogenetic status and adaptive evolution strategies of this fish. Here, we assembled a chromosome-level reference genome of P. microlepis by integrating Pacbio HiFi long-reads, Illumina short-reads and Hi-C sequencing data. The size of this genome is 1004.34 Mb with a contig N50 of 38.80 Mb. Using Hi-C sequencing data, 99.59% of the assembled sequences were further anchored to 24 chromosomes. A total of 578.91 Mb repeat sequences and 28,337 protein-coding genes were predicted in the current genome, of which, 26,929 genes were functionally annotated. This genome provides valuable information for investigating the phylogeny and evolutionary history of cyprinid fishes, as well as the genetic basis of adaptive strategies and special traits in P. microlepis.
Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of new alternative ruthenium complex for dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Fetouh H. A. , Dissouky A. E. , Salem H. A. , Fathy M. , Anis B. , Hady Kashyout A. E.
Published: July 2024

For first time, new innovative ruthenium N3-Dye anchored with selenium (Se) and N3 dye anchored with sulphur atoms were synthesized in a good yield. Dyes are applied and evaluated in performance of dye sensitized solar cell. N3–Se dye showed superior photochemical& electrochemical behavior and high rate electron transfer across anode surface than N3–S dye. The better optical and electrochemical activities would make Se-dye a candidate for applications in solar cells. Half life time of N3–S showed a single exponential decay with an average lifetime of 0.8 ns. For N3–Se dye, decay curve was fitted by sum two exponential functions with 75% and 25% counts have 2.5 ns and 30 ns respectively. Solar cells were fabricated and analyzed to determine their solar-to-electric conversion efficiency under standard AM 1.5 sunlight. Commercial N3 dyes showed current density (Jsc) of 17.813 mA cm−2, open circuit potential (Voc) of 0.678 V, filling factor (FF) of 0.607 and conversion efficiencies (η) of 7.3%. Corresponding values for N3–S dye, Jsc 11.2 mA cm−2, Voc 0.650 V, FF 0.681 and η 5%. Se–N3 dye, showed Jsc = 6.670 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.6004 V, FF = 0.77 and η = 3.09%. Long lifetime of N3–Se caused low practical performance.
Study on the instability mechanism and control technology of narrow coal pillar in double-roadway layout of Changping mine
Authors: Cai Tian , Li Gang , Yang Qinghe , Zou Junpeng
Published: July 2024

To address the issue of roadway support failure in narrow coal pillars under dual-lane layout, this study takes the 4309 working face of Changping Coal Mine as the engineering background and employs theoretical calculations, numerical simulations, and on-site monitoring to investigate the instability mechanisms of narrow coal pillars under dual-lane conditions and to optimize technical solutions. The results indicate that the internal stress distribution within the coal pillar is influenced by the advanced support stress, and as the working face advances, the gradually increasing advanced support pressure causes the vertical stress peak within the coal pillar to shift away from the goaf area. Computational analysis reveals that the vertical stress in the top region of a 6 m narrow coal pillar is 38% higher than that in the bottom region, with an average stress of 16 MPa in the coal pillar. The asymmetric high-level stress concentration within the coal pillar significantly affects its stability. A UDEC (Universal Distinct Element Code) model was established to compare four simulation schemes with cut-off angles of 0°, 5°, 10°, and 15°. Based on the analysis of damage parameters and fracture distribution in the narrow coal pillar roadway, it was concluded that the stability is best when the cut-off angle is 10°. The dense drilling cut-off unloading technology was applied to the 4309 working face of the Changping Mine based on the aforementioned research. On-site monitoring results show that the relative deformation of the roof and bottom plates and the two sides of the test section were controlled within 267 mm and 198 mm, respectively, effectively resolving the deformation and instability issues of the narrow coal pillars.
Assessment of salivary microbiota profile as a potential diagnostic tool for pediatric celiac disease
Authors: Noruzpour Asal , Gholam-Mostafaei Fahimeh Sadat , Looha Mehdi Azizmohammad , Dabiri Hossein , Ahmadipour Shokoufeh , Rouhani Pejman , Ciacci Carolina , Rostami-Nejad Mohammad
Published: July 2024

The association between oral dysbiosis and celiac disease (CD) remains poorly understood, as does the impact of CD-associated dysbiosis on disease development or exacerbation. This study aims to investigate alterations in salivary microbial composition among children with CD. In this cross-sectional study, saliva samples from 12 children with active CD (A-CD group), 14 children with CD on a gluten-free diet (GFD), and 10 healthy control (HC) children were analyzed using DNA sequencing targeting the 16S ribosomal RNA. Both patients in A-CD and GFD groups showed a significant increase (p = 0.0001) in the Bacteroidetes phylum, while the Actinobacteria phylum showed a significant decrease (p = 0.0001). Notably, the Rothia genus and R.aeria also demonstrated a significant decrease (p = 0.0001) within the both CD groups as compare to HC. Additionally, the control group displayed a significant increase (p = 0.006) in R.mucilaginosa species compared to both CD patient groups. Distinct bacterial strains were abundant in the saliva of patients with active CD, indicating a unique composition of the salivary microbiome in individuals with CD. These findings suggest that our approach to assessing salivary microbiota changes may contribute to developing noninvasive methods for diagnosing and treating CD.
Emerging Developments and Prospects of Injectable Smart Hydrogels for Bioelectronics
Authors: Peñas-Núñez S. J. , Mecerreyes D. , Criado-Gonzalez M.
Published: July 2024

Soft matter bioelectronics is an emergent and multidisciplinary research field that seeks to exploit biology in conjunction with electronics for diagnostic and healthcare treatments. In this regard, this chapter describes the synthesis, characterization, and applications of electroactive injectable polymer hydrogels, which can be formed by conducting polymer-based networks or hybrid networks of polymers containing conductive nanomaterials crosslinked through physical interactions or dynamic covalent bonds. Besides, the recent developments of emerging ionic liquid integrated gels (iongels) and deep eutectic solvent integrated gels (eutectogels) are also discussed, which opens new research perspectives to be explored in the coming years. Finally, the employment and prospects of electroactive injectable hydrogels, iongels, and eutectogels in the foremost bioelectronic applications, ranging from tissue engineering to biosensing, are outlined.
Cross-linking Strategies for the Design of Smart Injectable Hydrogels
Authors: Kamel Samir , El-Sayed Naglaa Salem
Published: July 2024

Injectable hydrogels are gaining popularity among researchers due to their in situ gelation, passive targeting, and capability attributes that are needed to enable the homogenous inclusion of therapeutic molecules and/or cells without surgery. In addition, their superior biocompatibility and biodegradability encourage, very highly, their applicability in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields with minimal adverse effects. Injectable hydrogels facilitate, in a controllable manner, the encapsulation and release of therapeutic agents, including drugs, proteins, genes, and cells. Different techniques have been reported for the preparation of stimuli-responsive injectable hydrogels, e.g., self-assembly, hydrophobic interactions, photo-polymerization, click chemistry, enzyme-mediated reactions, Schiff base reactions, Michael addition reactions, ionic interactions, guest–host inclusion, etc. This chapter covers the current cross-linking approaches that are often employed to fabricate smart injectable hydrogels.
Protein-based Injectable Smart Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications
Authors: EL-Sayed Naglaa Salem , Kamel Samir
Published: July 2024

Proteins are green, renewable biopolymers produced by living organisms, e.g., animals, insects, and plants. Also, they can be extracted from the byproducts or wastes of the food processing industry. Over the last three decades, several proteins have been extracted and employed either alone or in combination with other materials to generate new multifeatured, pH-, heat-, light-, or enzyme-responsive injectable hydrogels. Protein-based smart injectable biomaterials are attractive platforms for the localized, controlled release of therapeutic drugs and cell therapy. They proved their efficiency as biocompatible, porous, tuneable scaffolds with a significant ability to control microbial infections and support the regeneration of injured skin, bone, and cartilage tissues, even in diabetic animal models. Additionally, the inherent advantage of protein over other natural and synthetic polymers is the presence of several reactive sites such as amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl, thiol, and phenolic groups, which can act as reactive sites for chemical modifications and cross-linking for hydrogel development. The characteristic features such as high water content, swellability, and permeability facilitate the transport and diffusion of essential nutrients, and gases provide an extracellular matrix-like environment to promote cell encapsulation and tissue regeneration. In this chapter, we briefly describe the structure, source, and features of common proteins used in the biomedical field. Also, the chapter covers recently published work and presents some cutting-edge approaches for the preparation and application of protein-based smart injectable hydrogels in drug delivery, wound healing and tissue engineering.
Unveiling the intricacy of gapmer oligonucleotides through advanced tandem mass spectrometry approaches and scan accumulation for 2DMS
Authors: Rahman Mohammed , Marzullo Bryan P. , Lam Pui Yiu , Barrow Mark P. , Holman Stephen W. , Ray Andrew D. , O'Connor Peter B.
Published: July 2024

Multimodal tandem mass spectrometry sequencing of oligonucleotides using CID, EDD, IRMPD, and UVPD as fragmentation methods, and using 2-dimensional mass spectrometry with signal averaging to differentiate fragments from closely spaced precursors.
Comparative profiling of Chlorella vulgaris cells, extracts, and intact chloroplasts using electron transfer matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (ET-MALDI-MS)
Authors: Calderón-Vergara Luz A. , Díaz-Sánchez Luis M. , Blanco-Tirado Cristian , Combariza Marianny Y.
Published: July 2024

Analytical protocol for C. vulgaris pigment analysis using ET-MALDI MS.
Shining light on the nitro group: distinct reactivity and selectivity
Authors: Jana Ranjan , Pradhan Kangkan
Published: July 2024

Distinct reactivity and chemoselectives of photoexcited nitroarenes under visible light irradiation such as reductive C–N coupling, anaerobic oxidation, annulation, scaffold diversification via nitrene insertion, etc., are highlighted.
Crystalline products of bromoantimonate(iii) oxidation by Br2 in the presence of different cations: diversity of structural types and patterns of halogen bond systems
Authors: Bondarenko Mikhail A. , Novikov Alexander S. , Abramov Pavel A. , Sokolov Maxim N. , Adonin Sergey A.
Published: July 2024

Reactions of bromoantimonate(iii) containing solutions with Br2 in the presence of different organic cations result in structurally highly diverse crystalline products readily forming halogen bonds (XBs).
A new pyromellitic acid and 3,5-bis(benzoimidazo-1-ly)pyridine based Zn(ii)-MOF as prospective turn-off–on sensor for tetracycline
Authors: Zhong Xin , Yang Xiying , Wang Jun , Lu Lu , Muddassir Mohd , Kushwaha Aparna , Srivastava Shreya , Kumar Abhinav
Published: July 2024

A new Zn(ii)-based coordination polymer was synthesized and used as a turn-off–on sensor against tetracycline.
From ‘halogen’ to ‘tetrel’ bonds: matrix isolation IR spectroscopic and quantum mechanical studies of the effect of central atom substitution in donor tetrahalogens on binary complex formation with formic acid
Authors: Bhattacharya Indrani , Banerjee Pujarini
Published: July 2024

FA–SiCl4 binary complex shows significant features in the matrix isolation infrared spectroscopic study and theoretical calculations reveal the presence of a Cl–Si⋯O tetrel bond.
Exploring the effect of the axial ligands on the anticancer activity of [C,N,N′] Pt(iv) cyclometallated compounds
Authors: Lázaro Ariadna , Bosque Ramón , Marín Silvia , Pérez-León Raúl , Badia Josefa , Baldomà Laura , Rodríguez Laura , Crespo Margarita , Cascante Marta
Published: July 2024

The anticancer activity of [C,N,N′] Pt(iv) cyclometallated compounds with different axial ligands is higher for the most easily reduced compounds while the efficiency of binding to DNA is less relevant.
A 50 year record for perfluoroalkyl acids in the high arctic: implications for global and local transport
Authors: Persaud Daniel , Criscitiello Alison S. , Spencer Christine , Lehnherr Igor , Muir Derek C. G. , De Silva Amila O. , Young Cora J.
Published: July 2024

An ice core dated 1967–2016 represents the longest Arctic deposition record for perfluoroalkylcarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and the longest global record of perfluoroalkylsulfonic acids (PFSAs), providing unique insights into their long-range transport.
Tracking photoinduced charge separation in a perfluorinated Zn-tetraphenylporphyrin sensitizer
Authors: Cruz Neto Daniel H. , Gotico Philipp , Tran Thu-Trang , Szantai Caroline , Halime Zakaria , Sircoglou Marie , Soto Juan , Steenkeste Karine , Peláez Daniel , Pino Thomas , Ha-Thi Minh-Huong
Published: July 2024

A zinc porphyrin photosensitizer (ZnF20) is investigated for photoinduced charge separation with different electron donors. Probes of optical light absorption and resonance Raman scattering are used to track the evolution of transient species.
Water-assisted cascade synthesis of trifluoromethylated dipyridodiazepinone analogues: in vitro and in silico antibacterial studies
Authors: Jaiswal Shivangi , Kishore Dharma , Bhardwaj Annu , Bhardwaj Khushboo , Richa Shruti , Jain Smita , Dwivedi Jaya , Sharma Swapnil
Published: July 2024

A water-assisted cascade reaction has been described to afford a new series of trifluoromethylated dipyridiodiazepinone derivatives as antibacterial agents. This methodology has a broad substrate scope with minimal waste generation.
Metal-free synthesis of 1,1-dimethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl substituted quinazolinones via tandem radical cyclization of quinazolin-4(3H)-ones with 3,3,3-trifluoro-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid
Authors: Gao Shenyuan , Cai Menglu , Wang Xiaozhong , Jiang Dapeng , Lin Pen , Dai Liyan
Published: July 2024

A metal-free (NH4)2S2O8-mediated decarboxylative trifluoromethylation reaction of alkenes with 3,3,3-trifluoro-2,2-dimethylpropionic acid has been proposed.
Architecting a 1T-phase material with metal NPs enriching HER kinetics in alkaline and seawater electrolytes
Authors: Prasanna Murugesan , Kwak Hyo Bin , Oh Myung Jun , Yoo Dong Jin
Published: July 2024

In this study, we performed experiments to determine the necessity and importance of the 1T phase TMD performance in alkaline (1 M KOH) and seawater HER.
Cartilage extracellular matrix polymers: hierarchical structure, osmotic properties, and function
Authors: Horkay Ferenc , Basser Peter J. , Geissler Erik
Published: July 2024

Schematic representation of cartilage matrix.
Carbon black structural effect within kraft black liquor-based poly(HIPE): enhanced hydrogen storage and electro-capacitive properties
Authors: Poupart Romain , Invernizzi Ronan , Deleuze Hervé , Guerlou-Demourgues Liliane , Olchowka Jacob , Talaga David , Servant Laurent , Penin Nicolas , Bobet Jean-Louis , Backov Rénal
Published: July 2024

A biopolymer derived from Kraft Black Liquor was successfully incorporated with three types of carbon black, each varying in their characteristics. The resulting carbon materials demonstrate promising performance in energy storage applications.
High-voltage performance of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4-based lithium-ion batteries with 4-methyl-1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2,2-dioxide (MDTD) as an electrolyte additive
Authors: Mu Jinping , Li Xiaohui , He Rui , Sun Lijing , Bai Xue , Zhang Lihui , Zhang Xi , Liu Zhenfa , Gao Jing , Wei Aijia
Published: July 2024

The addition of MDTD can form more stable and conductive surface films on the cathode and anode electrodes to improve the electrochemical performance of LNMO-based LIBs.
Recent advances in quaternary copper-based sulfides and their derivatives for solar hydrogen evolution
Authors: Li Yu , Liu Zheming , Chen Jie , Wang Shuaibing , Lin Ouyang , Yang Chunhe , Yin Zhe , Tang Aiwei
Published: July 2024

This review presents the recent advances in quaternary copper-based sulfides and their derivatives for solar hydrogen evolution, with an emphasis on the structure–function correlation.
Caregivers' Perceptions of COVID-19 Educational Disruptions on Children With Developmental Language Disorder and Typically Developing Peers
Authors: Radville Katharine M. , Pfeiffer Danika L. , Sheranian KaRynn , Wolter Julie , Ricketts Jessie , Hogan Tiffany P.
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

Understanding the experiences of families of children with developmental language disorder (DLD) during COVID-19 educational disruptions is essential for designing responsive supports during pandemic recovery efforts and beyond. This qualitative study describes the experiences of families of first- and second-grade children with DLD during the pandemic as compared to the experiences of families of typically developing (TD) peers.

Method:

A conventional content analysis approach was used to analyze caregivers' written responses to open-ended questions regarding their perceptions of COVID-19 educational disruptions. Responses were analyzed separately by group: caregivers of children with DLD (
n
= 23) and caregivers of TD children (
n
= 22).

Results:

Four categories of caregiver responses were generated for each group: impacts on children, remote learning challenges, impacts on caregivers, and protective factors. For both groups, concerns about the child's well-being and literacy learning were most prevalent and prevailed over concerns about oral language. Most caregivers in each group described negative impacts of educational disruptions on their cdhildren. As compared to caregivers of TD children, caregivers of children with DLD reported higher rates of remote learning challenges and more negative impacts on literacy learning, speech and/or language, and education in general. DLD caregivers also shared fewer positive comments and remarks related to protective factors.

Conclusions:

Results indicate that families of children with DLD may have experienced more challenges during COVID-19 educational disruptions as compared to families of TD peers. Thus, responsive research and supports for these families is essential.
Air‐gap field prediction in tubular doubly sided surface magnet machine using Bessel–Fourier series
Authors: Javanmardi M. H. , Rahideh A.
Published: July 2024

2‐D air‐gap magnetic field distribution is the essential prerequisite of electrical machine analysis. Because of the natural periodicity of rotary machines, Fourier analysis is a suitable choice for air‐gap field prediction. However, due to the end‐effect, periodicity is not present in linear machines and the Fourier series is not appropriate. In engineering mathematics, a rigorous method of solving partial differential equations is the separation of the variables method (SVM) which is based on the hypothesis that the field solution is in the form of the product of two functions of orthogonal directions; for example, in an axisymmetric structure, a longitudinal harmonic function (LHF) and a radial harmonic function (RHF). A particular case of these functions is trigonometric functions, which result in the Fourier series. SVM is imposed in a different manner, where RHF is approximated by the Bessel–Fourier series and consequently LHF has a (piecewise) exponential behaviour. This choice of basis functions not only serves the purpose of modelling the end‐effect but also removes the Gibbs phenomenon, that is, it precisely models discontinuities of flux density at the surface of PMs. A numerical case‐study of a slotless double‐sided linear tubular surface‐PM machine shows that the piecewise exponential approximation can attain 1% error while utilising only three harmonics, whereas the trigonometric approximation, due to the Gibbs phenomenon, slowly arrives at 20% error with 100 harmonics for approximating flux density. Results of both methods were validated using the finite element method (FEM). Additionally, it was discovered that the computational complexity of the model is independent of varying position; therefore, the analytical method could yield the back electromotive force and electromagnetic thrust force for a number of 320 positions at merely 0.2 s while the FEM software required 5 min.