bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on technical measures to improve oil recovery during extra high water cut period
Authors: Zhang Ye
Published: June 2022

China’s petroleum resources are mainly continental facies with high petroleum density. Due to high heterogeneity, mining by traditional methods is not effective, and nearly half of the resources are not developed. The onshore oil fields that have been developed in Daqing area; Liaohe, Shengli and other large oil fields have entered high water cut stage, but there are still a lot of problems such as scattered remaining oil distribution, flooded reservoir, low recovery factor, reduced production and poor economic benefits. Based on this, this paper mainly analyzes the related technical measures to enhance oil recovery in the ultra-high water cut period.
Technical countermeasure of polymer flooding in oil field
Authors: Cheng Yi
Published: June 2022

China’s economy is in an important period of rapid development, the rapid rise of various industries to produce a greater demand for oil, oil exploitation industry has become the focus of the whole society. The vast majority of oil fields in China have entered the polymer flooding development stage, and the oil reservoir exploitation has been effectively improved. The subsequent water flooding can make the oil reservoir further excavated, which is the key technology of China’s oil exploitation industry in recent years. This paper carries out a detailed analysis of polymer flooding follow-up water flooding technology in oilfield, aiming to provide technical help for many oil mining enterprises in China and promote the healthy development of domestic economy.
Detecting small-scale geological structures using diffraction attributes
Authors: Wang Juhe , Chen Xiuping , Shu Mengcheng , Cheng Sen
Published: June 2022

We developed a method that uses diffracted wave data to address the issue of precisely characterizing small geological structures in a reservoir and demonstrated its effectiveness using model calculations. The method was implemented to characterize a fractured reservoir and igneous rock intruded in a carbonate reservoir. Two diffraction attributes were analyzed to precisely characterize the fine, small-scale geological structures therein. Principal component analysis was performed to extract diffraction data from seismic wave fields, and the reflection and diffraction wave fields were separated based on the kinematics and dynamics of the diffracted waves. The resulting diffracted wave fields provided an excellent basis upon which to assess the distribution of small geological structures in the study area. This proved, experimentally, that our diffraction-based method has the potential to characterize the distribution of small geological structures precisely and holistically.
Study on Site Selection and Network Optimization of Charging Pile of New Energy Logistics Vehicle
Authors: Song Zuoling , Peng Lu , Gu Yongheng
Published: June 2022

New energy logistics vehicles have become the general trend of urban distribution development. However, in the actual operation and self-development process of domestic new energy logistics vehicles, there have been many new problems, such as the matching degree of the number of new energy logistics vehicles and charging piles is not high, and some regions can not meet the needs of vehicle charging. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the rationalization of charging facility layout and vehicle distribution path planning. After combing and summarizing the existing literature on the layout of charging facilities and vehicle distribution path planning at home and abroad, this paper proposes to consider the location of charging pile and the optimization of distribution path.
The business model of 5G base station energy storage participating in demand response
Authors: Lijun Zhong , Zhi Ling , Haocong Shen , Baoping Ren , Minda Shi , Zhenyu Huang
Published: June 2022

To achieve the goal of “carbon peak, carbon neutralization”, the proportion of renewable energy access will continue to increase, which will bring a severe test to the balance adjustment ability of the new power system, and the demand for flexible adjustment and real-time balance of the power system will continue to increase. However, pumped storage power stations and grid-side energy storage facilities, which are flexible peak-shaving resources, have relatively high investment and operation costs. 5G base station energy storage to participate in demand response can share the cost of energy storage system construction by power companies and communication operators to achieve a win-win situation between the communication system and the power system. Based on the analysis of the feasibility and incremental cost of 5G communication base station energy storage participating in demand response projects, combined with the interest interaction mechanism of all parties in the project, this paper proposes a business model for 5G energy storage to participate in the grid collaboration and interaction to improve the profit model of various market players, thereby promoting the penetration rate of the project.
Diversified and high elastic power grid planning method based on two-stage stochastic optimization
Authors: Wang Hanyun , Wang Tao , Xu Hao , Mu Hongwei , Fan Xiaoke
Published: June 2022

With the rapid development of distributed power generation, the study of multi-integrated and highly flexible grid planning methods has become a research hotspot. In multi-resource planning, the planning scheme that considers the active management mode is obviously better than the planning scheme that does not consider the active management mode. In this paper, a diversified and high elastic power grid planning method based on stochastic optimization is proposed, which can effectively deal with the impact of uncertainty caused by the access of distributed generation to the power grid, and provide a method support for the cleaning and efficiency of power system in the future. The IEEE 18 system example proves the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Plateau PEMS emission characteristics analysis of heavy-duty diesel vehicles with different technical routes
Authors: Zhang Dan , Wang Xiaowei , Gao Tao , Jing Xiaojun , Huo Yongzhan , Li Gang
Published: June 2022

Real driving emission characteristics of heavy-duty diesel vehicles with different technical routes were conducted by portable emission measurement system (PEMS) tests at different altitudes of 1400 meter and 2300 meter. Results show that the use of EGR will lead to increased particulate matter emissions but has little effect of NOx emissions. The EGR application exhibits a large effect on the PN emission but a little effect on NOx emission. PN emissions were strongly correlated with engine load during the PEMS test. The higher the engine load, the higher the PN emissions even at lower altitudes. There are large differences in PEMS test results even at the same altitude.
Effect of co-extraction of pomegranate seed oil with green tea leaves on the extraction yield and quality of extracted oil
Authors: Dezashibi Zeinab , Azadmard-Damirchi Sodeif , Piravi-Vanak Zahra
Published: June 2022

Co-extraction of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) with green tea leaves (GTL) (0 [control sample], 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% w/w) was conducted by cold-press to evaluate the extracted oil quality during storage. The extraction yield was similar to the control sample up to 5% w/w of GTL. Total phenol and chlorophyll content were increased in the extracted oils with increasing the level of GTL. The acid and peroxide values were increased during the storage and the lowest values were achieved for PSO with 5% GTL. Rancimat analysis also confirmed the PV results, therefore using 5% GTL led to providing the highest induction period (11.5 h). Consequently, using 5% of GTL during the extraction of PSO by cold-press could result in an appropriate extraction yield and also present higher oxidation stability. This method does not need any antioxidant extraction from herbs and is very cost-effective, time-efficient, and uses no chemicals.
Dynamic pricing in a two-echelon stochastic supply chain for perishable products
Authors: Zarouri Farnia , Khamseh Alireza Arshadi , Pasandideh Seyed Hamid Reza
Published: June 2022

Supply chain management of perishable products has to use some mechanisms to control the product waste amount. Dynamic pricing and cooperation of the chain members are some mechanisms which mitigate the waste amount. This paper studies the dynamic pricing problem of a perishable product supply chain with one manufacturer, one retailer, and two periods: production and selling periods. The problem considers price markdown policy to manage the total quality-dependent stochastic demand: dividing the selling period into two different terms and offering two selling prices. This paper analyzes the problem heuristically via Stackelberg and cooperation games. Obtained results demonstrate that the cooperation scenario allocates the maximum profits to the chain members and customers due to the least selling prices. Also, in the Stackelberg cases, both members gain higher profits under the manufacturer-led Stackelberg game; however, the retailer-led Stackelberg game represents lower selling prices and the greatest price markdowns which is profitable to customers.
Genesen, aber nicht gesund – Long Covid und die Auswirkungen auf die körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit
Authors: Haunhorst Simon , Bloch Wilhelm , Ellert Claudia , Puta Christian
Published: June 2022

Long Covid kann nicht mit einem klassischen Verlust der Kondition durch Trainingspause nach Infektionserkrankungen verglichen werden. Die Wiederaufnahme sportlicher Aktivitäten stellt hinsichtlich der Symptomatik der Betroffenen und den assoziierten Pathomechanismen spezielle Herausforderungen. Ein Überblick über den aktuellen Wissensstand.
Validação de um instrumento simples e de aplicação rápida para rastrear incapacidade em pacientes com hanseníase
Authors: Pinho Adriano Bastos , Freitas Murilo Moraes de , Fontes Cor Jesus Fernandes
Published: June 2022

Objetivo Avaliar um instrumento diagnóstico simples e rápido a ser utilizado por qualquer profissional da saúde para rastrear a incapacidade apresentada por pacientes com hanseníase.

Método Estudo de validação de teste de diagnóstico realizado em uma amostra de 156 pacientes com hanseníase para rastrear incapacidade funcional, por meio do questionário abreviado disabilities of arm, shoulder, and hand (QuickDASH). A avaliação neurológica simplificada proposta pela Organização Mundial da Saúde foi utilizada como referência. Construiu-se a curva de características operacionais do receptor (ROC) para determinação do ponto de corte do QuickDASH que melhor discriminou pacientes com incapacidade funcional provocada pela hanseníase.

Resultados Foram identificados 86 (55,5%) pacientes com incapacidade funcional pela avaliação neurológica simplificada. O desempenho do QuickDASH mostrou que, em ponto de corte de 30 pontos, a sensibilidade e a especificidade foram de 72,1% e 68,1% (acurácia de 70,3%), respectivamente, para identificar incapacidade funcional, com um valor preditivo positivo de 73,8%.

Conclusão O instrumento QuickDASH mostrou boa acurácia para rastrear incapacidade funcional no paciente com hanseníase, podendo ser útil na prática clínica da atenção básica e ambulatorial geral, com o objetivo de identificar pacientes que necessitam de referência especializada para sua prevenção e tratamento.
Liberation from Mechanical Ventilation: Established and New Insights
Authors: Burns Karen E.A. , Agarwal Arnav , Bosma Karen J. , Chaudhuri Dipayan , Girard Timothy D.
Published: June 2022

A substantial proportion of critically ill patients require ventilator support with the majority requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. Timely and safe liberation from invasive mechanical ventilation is a critical aspect of patient care in the intensive care unit (ICU) and is a top research priority for patients and clinicians. In this article, we discuss how to (1) identify candidates for liberation from mechanical ventilation, (2) conduct spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs), and (3) optimize patients for liberation from mechanical ventilation. We also discuss the roles for (4) extubation to noninvasive ventilation and (5) newer modes of mechanical ventilation during liberation from mechanical ventilation. We conclude that, though substantial progress has been made in identifying patients who are likely to be liberated (e.g., through the use of SBTs) and management strategies that speed liberation from the ventilator (e.g., protocolized SBTs, lighter sedation, and early mobilization), many important questions regarding liberation from mechanical ventilation in clinical practice remain unanswered.
Long-Term Clinical and Radiologic Outcome Following Surgical Treatment of Lumbar Spondylodiscitis: A Retrospective Bicenter Study
Authors: Sommer Björn , Babbe-Pekol Timo , Feulner Julian , Richter Richard Heinrich , Buchfelder Michael , Shiban Ehab , Sesselmann Stefan , Forst Raimund , Wiendieck Kurt
Published: June 2022

Background and Study Aims Spinal instrumentation for spondylodiskitis (SD) remains highly controversial. To date, surgical data are limited to relatively small case series with short-term follow-up data. In this study, we wanted to elucidate the biomechanical, surgical, and neurologic long-term outcomes in these patients.

Material and Methods A retrospective analysis from two German primary care hospitals over a 9-year period (2005–2014) was performed. The inclusion criteria were (1) pyogenic lumbar SD, (2) minimum follow-up of 1 year, and (3) surgical instrumentation. The clinical and radiologic outcome was assessed before surgery, at discharge, and at a minimum of 12 months of follow-up. Follow-up included physical examination, laboratory results, CT and MRI scans, as well as assessment of quality of life (QoL) using short-form health survey (SF-36) inventory, Oswestry Disability Questionnaire, and visual analog scale (VAS) spine score.

Results Complete data were available in 70 patients (49 males and 21 females, with an age range of 67±12.3 years) with a median follow-up of 6.6 ± 4.2 years. Follow-up data were available in 70 patients after 1 year, in 58 patients after 2 years, and in 44 patients after 6 years. Thirty-five patients underwent posterior stabilization and decompression alone and 35 patients were operated on in a two-stage 360-degree interbody fusion with decompression. Pre- and postoperative angles of the affected motion segment were 17.6 ± 10.2 and 16.1 ± 10.7 degrees in patients with posterior instrumentation only and 21.0 ± 10.2 and 18.3 ± 10.5 degrees in patients with combined anterior/posterior fusion. Vertebral body subsidence was seen in 12 and 6 cases following posterior instrumentation and 360-degree instrumentation, respectively. Nonfusion was encountered in 22 and 11 cases following posterior instrumentation and 360-degree instrumentation, respectively. The length of hospital stay was 35.0 ± 24.5 days. Surgery-associated complication rate was 18% (12/70). New neurologic symptoms occurred in 7% (5/70). Revision surgery was performed in 3% (2/70) due to screw misplacement/hardware failure and in 3% (2/70) due to intraspinal hematoma. Although patients reported a highly impaired pain deception and vitality, physical mobility was unaffected and pain disability during daily activities was moderate.

Conclusion Surgical treatment of SD with a staged surgical approach (if needed) is safe and provides very good long-term clinical and radiologic outcome.
Análise epidemiológica de 245 pacientes com pubalgia atlética
Authors: Goes Rodrigo Araujo , Teles Fernando Delgado Carlos , Figueiredo Felipe , Noronha Diogo Ramos , Coelho Olivia Nogueira , Peixoto Lourenço Pinto
Published: June 2022

Objetivo Analisar as características clínico-epidemiológicas da pubalgia do atleta, e definir o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes com queixa de dor na região baixa do abdômen e virilha avaliados em um centro especializado.

Metodologia Realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo de uma série de casos, no qual se avaliou o perfil epidemiológico de 245 pacientes esportistas com pubalgia, registrados em prontuário, entre outubro de 2015 e fevereiro de 2018. A amostra selecionada foi submetida a uma avaliação clínica, e os resultados foram documentados a partir da aplicação de um questionário.

Resultados A amostra estudada foi de 245 pacientes com idades que variavam entre 14 e 75 anos. O futebol e a corrida foram os esportes mais prevalentes, e 58% treinavam ou praticavam esporte 3 ou mais dias por semana. Após a avaliação dos movimentos esportivos específicos, foi observada piora dos sintomas em 24% com a troca de direção; em 23%, nos chutes; em 22%, nos sprints e treinos de velocidade; em 17%, nas corridas longas; e em 14%, nos saltos. Dor durante o ato sexual foi relatado em 13% dos pacientes. A maior parte dos pacientes (80%) relatou que a região inguinal, os adutores e o púbis (linha média) eram os principais sítios da dor. O teste de contração dos adutores contra resistência com joelho em extensão foi positivo em 77,6% dos pacientes avaliados, e o teste de Flexão simultânea do Quadril + Abdômen contra resistência foi positivo em 76.7% dos pacientes.

Conclusão O presente estudo demonstrou o predomínio dessa lesão nos pacientes do sexo masculino praticantes de futebol e de corrida. A dor, na maioria dos casos (80%), estava presente na região inguinal, nos adutores e no púbis. A maioria dos pacientes demorou mais de seis meses para ter o diagnóstico clínico confirmado.
Accuracy and Safety of Neuronavigation for Minimally Invasive Stabilization in the Thoracolumbar Spine Using Polyaxial Screws-Rod: A Canine Cadaveric Proof of Concept
Authors: Guevar Julien , Samer Eva S. , Precht Christina , Rathmann Justus M.K. , Forterre Franck
Published: June 2022

Objectives The main aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of minimally invasive stabilization with polyaxial screws-rod using neuronavigation and to assess accuracy and safety of percutaneous drilling of screw corridors using neuronavigation in thoracolumbar spine and compare it between an experienced and a novice surgeon.

Study Design Feasibility of minimally invasive polyaxial screws-rod fixation using neuronavigation was first performed in the thoracolumbar spine of two dogs. Accuracy and safety of drilling screw corridors percutaneously by two surgeons from T8 to L7 in a large breed dog using neuronavigation were established by comparing entry and exit points coordinates deviations on multiplanar reconstructions between preoperative and postoperative datasets and using a vertebral cortical breach grading scheme.

Results Feasibility of minimally invasive stabilization was demonstrated. For the experienced surgeon, safety was 100% and mean (standard deviation) entry point deviations were 0.3 mm (0.8 mm) lateral, 1.3 mm (0.8 mm) ventral and 0.7 mm (1.8 mm) caudal. The exit points deviations were 0.8 mm (1.9 mm) lateral, 0.02 mm (0.9 mm) dorsal and 0.7 mm (2.0 mm) caudal. Significant difference in accuracy between surgeons was found in the thoracic region but not in the lumbar region. Accuracy and safety improvement are noted for the thoracic region when procedures were repeated by the novice.

Conclusion This proof of concept demonstrates that using neuronavigation, minimally invasive stabilization with polyaxial screws-rod is feasible and safe in a large breed dog model.
Argon Plasma Coagulation in Radiation-induced Proctitis
Authors: Góes Fernanda Machado de Araujo , Ribeiro Rebeca Sadigursky , Portugal Matheus Mascarenhas , Abreu Glicia Estevam de
Published: June 2022

Background Argon plasma coagulation (APC) is a non-tactile ablative therapy that helps to stop rectal bleeding in patients who have developed actinic proctitis after exposure to radiotherapy. This approach seems to be more effective than medications or surgical procedures.

Objective To review the literature to verify the effectiveness of APC in the treatment of patients with actinic proctitis induced by radiation therapies.

Methods A systematic search was conducted on the following databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, SCIELO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. We identified 81 studies, and 5 of them fulfilled the inclusion criteria.

Results In the articles included, a total of 236 patients were evaluated. Most of them were men (67.7%) with a mean age of 66.6 years. Prostate cancer was the main cause of actinic proctitis (67.3%), and control of the bleeding was achieved in 83.3% of the cases, after a mean of 1.67 session of APC. Moreover, 66 patients had complications with the treatment, and rectal pain was the most referred.

Conclusions Argon plasma coagulation is a well-tolerated and effective treatment to control rectal bleeding in patients who underwent radiotherapy, and the number of sessions varies from 1 to 2, according to the case.
Awareness of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among College Going Females in Gurgaon: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jakhar Renuka , Sen Elina Dewanji , Dutt Rohit
Published: June 2022

Objectives Women not only take care of family members, they are also source of power and symbol of progress in a society. At the same time, physical and mental well-being of women relies on healthy lifestyle and adequate reproductive health knowledge. With growing incidence of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), it is crucial to increase awareness about the disease among women at an early age in life. The present survey investigates awareness level of college going females about PCOS.

Materials and Methods 428 females were recruited from 3 colleges in district Gurgaon, Haryana, India, based on convenience sampling. The respondents filled a self-completion questionnaire containing sociodemographic details, menstrual cycle details, and questions related to PCOS.

Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistics was used to calculate frequency and percentage of variables. Pearson's chi-square test of independence was used to identify factors associated with awareness of PCOS. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results The mean ±SD age of respondents was 19.9 ± 1.7 years (range = 18–24 years). Only 78 females (18.22%) had heard about PCOS. Being knowledgeable was significantly associated with mother's education (p = 0.001), length of menstrual cycle (p = 0.022), and family history of PCOS (p < 0.001).

Conclusion The present study indicates awareness of PCOS among college going females was very poor. There is an urgent need of increasing awareness about PCOS among young adult college going females not only for prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of the disease but also to prevent its long-term consequences.
A Silent Threat of Emerging Resistance Based on Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern of Filamentous Fungi by Microdilution, E Test and, Disc Diffusion Method: A Critical Constructive Analysis
Authors: Husain Uneza , Priyadarshi Ketan
Published: June 2022

For more than two decades, antifungal susceptibility testing and interpretation haunted the medical professionals in diagnostics and management. This article mainly focuses on the three most widely used methods: broth microdilution, E test, and disc diffusion. It also focuses on the fact that clinicians should switch from empirical treatment to susceptible drugs as early as possible to combat antifungal resistance and newer mutations that horrify us every single day with poor patient outcomes. Many factors need to be taken into account during the interpretation of results but the positive side of the story is that they have been well documented in the literature. Though many methods have come up in testing antifungal susceptibility, still there is a scope for a rapid yet accurate testing modality to flourish and take the lead.
Avaliação de fatores preditores de infecção na artroplastia primária de joelho e quadril: Um estudo caso-controle
Authors: Falótico Guilherme Guadagnini , Tucunduva Vitor , Brito Gustavo , Durigon Thomas Stravinskas , Arliani Gustavo Gonçalves , Ferreira Gabriel Ferraz
Published: June 2022

Objetivo Avaliar os fatores de risco para infecção articular periprotética após procedimento cirúrgico eletivo de artroplastia primária total de joelho ou quadril.

Métodos Incluem-se no estudo 706 prontuários de pacientes que foram submetidos a artroplastia total primária eletiva de quadril ou joelho entre os meses de janeiro e dezembro de 2018. Utilizou-se a análise multivariada dos fatores preditores de infecção por meio de um modelo de regressão logística. Toda a análise estatística foi realizada no software R.

Resultados A prevalência de infecção de toda a amostra foi de 2,0% (14 casos). A amostra contou com a maioria do gênero feminino (79,6%), com o lado direito afetado (50,6%) e predomínio da artroplastia total de joelho (61,3%). Os fatores de risco significativos (p < 0,05) para a infecção foram: tempo cirúrgico maior do que 120 minutos (p = 0,009) e diagnóstico prévio de diabetes (p = 0,025).

Conclusão Artroplastias totais primárias eletivas de joelho ou quadril possuem maior risco de infecção quando ocorre um tempo prolongado do procedimento cirúrgico (acima de 120 minutos) e quando o paciente possui diagnóstico prévio de diabetes mellitus.

Nível de Evidência IIIB, estudo retrospectivo caso-controle.
Impactos da espera para correção cirúrgica da escoliose idiopática do adolescente e suas repercussões para o Sistema Único de Saúde: Protocolo de revisão sistemática
Authors: Pontes Mariana Demétrio de Sousa , Soeira Thabata Pasquini , Sampaio Mariangela Louzada , Herrero Carlos Fernando Pereira da Silva
Published: June 2022

A correção cirúrgica é uma opção efetiva de tratamento para casos de Escoliose Idiopática do Adolescente (EIA) com curvas acima de 45°. No âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), os pacientes avaliados nos centros de referência e com indicação cirúrgica são cadastrados em fila de espera até que o tratamento definitivo possa ser realizado. Um período de espera extenso pode ser prejudicial, do ponto de vista de piora dos sintomas e de aumento do custo de tratamento, além de gerar efeitos negativos na saúde mental e na qualidade de vida do paciente. O presente artigo trata-se do protocolo de uma revisão sistemática que buscará responder o questionamento: “Qual o impacto do tempo de espera para correção cirúrgica da EIA do ponto de vista de custo e qualidade de vida?.” O aperfeiçoamento das ações de saúde pública, na esfera da alta complexidade, inicia-se com o levantamento de informações sobre a situação de saúde de determinada condição. Diante disso, as futuras publicações provenientes deste protocolo poderão servir como subsídio para apontar possíveis critérios de prioridade, com o intuito de promover melhoria tanto no âmbito da saúde global de portadores de EIA, quanto na gestão financeira da saúde pública brasileira.
Probing nonadiabatic dynamics with attosecond pulse trains and soft x-ray Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Restaino Lorenzo , Jadoun Deependra , Kowalewski Markus
Published: June 2022

Linear off-resonant x-ray Raman techniques are capable of detecting the ultrafast electronic coherences generated when a photoexcited wave packet passes through a conical intersection. A hybrid femtosecond or attosecond probe pulse is employed to excite the system and stimulate the emission of the signal photon, where both fields are components of a hybrid pulse scheme. In this paper, we investigate how attosecond pulse trains, as provided by high-harmonic generation processes, perform as probe pulses in the framework of this spectroscopic technique, instead of single Gaussian pulses. We explore different combination schemes for the probe pulse as well as the impact of parameters of the pulse trains on the signals. Furthermore, we show how Raman selection rules and symmetry consideration affect the spectroscopic signal, and we discuss the importance of vibrational contributions to the overall signal. We use two different model systems, representing molecules of different symmetries, and quantum dynamics simulations to study the difference in the spectra. The results suggest that such pulse trains are well suited to capture the key features associated with the electronic coherence.
Generalized deterministic linear model for coherent diffractive imaging
Authors: He Xiaoliang , Pan Xingchen , Tao Hua , Liu Cheng , Zhu Jianqiang
Published: June 2022

A linear model for coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) is proposed herein. In this model, CDI is expressed as a system of linear equations in the frequency domain of an object and illumination. The linear system can be directly determined to provide a unique solution for complex samples. The method is analytical and straightforward and does not require any approximation. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method is valid for all CDI-related imaging methods, such as traditional CDI, ptychography, coherent modulation imaging, and multiple-plane phase retrieval. The relationship between the method and the convergence of iterative phase retrieval is discussed. This mathematical model provides a direct method for analyzing the underlying physics of CDI and can be used to predict the accuracy and error in CDI applications, such as measurement and metrology.
Nonlinear optical response, theoretical efficiencies, and high photosensitivity of CH3NH3PbI3−xClx thin films for photonic applications
Authors: Karim A. M. M. Tanveer , Khan M. K. R. , Liton M. N. H. , Kamruzzaman M. , Hossain M. S. , Chen Shengmei
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we have investigated the nonlinear optical response and theoretical efficiency of CH3NH3PbI3−xClx thin films from the optical transmission and reflection measurements. The dispersion of the complex refractive index is evaluated using the Wemple–DiDomenico single oscillator model. The oscillator energy (E0) of CH3NH3PbI3−xClx follows by an empirical relationship with optical bandgap (Eg) as E0 ≈ 2.41 Eg for chemical dip coating, spray, and E0 ≈ 1.63 Eg for dipping deposited samples, respectively. The long wavelength refractive index, average oscillator wavelength, and oscillator strength are also determined using the Sellmeier oscillator equation. The estimated third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility is found to be the order of 10−12 esu. The incident photon and charge carrier interaction in CH3NH3PbI3−xClx is studied from the dielectric response of the samples. The charge carrier excitation is found higher at lower wavelength and experienced bulk excitation in volume while surface excitation on the surface region. The optical conductivity of CH3NH3PbI3−xClx is notably high, which leads to an increase in carrier transfer through the extrinsic halide perovskite material expedient for higher conversion efficiency. The highest theoretical efficiency of CH3NH3PbI3−xClx is estimated to be 17.4%, which is in excellent agreement with the experimental report. From photosensitivity study, it is confirmed that CH3NH3PbI3−xClx films are highly photosensitive. All these results comprehend that CH3NH3PbI3−xClx is a potential candidate for photonic applications.
Study of the water dynamics near hydrophilic, nanostructured CuO surfaces by quasielastic and inelastic neutron scattering
Authors: Torres James R. , Buck Zachary N. , Kaiser Helmut , Mamontov Eugene , Tyagi Madhusudan , Hansen Flemming Y. , Herwig Kenneth W. , Daemen Luke , Kidder Michelle K. , Taub Haskell
Published: June 2022

We have used quasielastic and inelastic neutron scattering to investigate the structure, dynamics, and phase transitions of water interacting with superhydrophilic CuO surfaces that not only possess a strong affinity for water but also a “grass-like” topography that is rough on both micro- and nanoscales. Here, we report quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) measurements on two samples differing in water content at five temperatures below 280 K. The QENS spectra show water undergoing two different types of diffusive motion near the CuO surfaces: a “slow” translational diffusion occurring on a nanosecond time scale and a faster rotational motion. Further from the surfaces, there is “fast” translational diffusion comparable in rate to that of bulk supercooled water and the rotational motion occurring in the interfacial water. Analysis of the QENS spectra supports wetting of water to the CuO blades as seen in electron microscopy images. In addition, we observe an anomalous temperature dependence of the QENS spectra on cooling from 270 to 230 K with features consistent with a liquid–liquid phase transition. We suggest that the solvent-like properties of the coexisting bulk-like water in our CuO samples are a significant factor in determining the temperature dependence of the interfacial water’s dynamics. Our results are compared with those obtained from two well-studied substrate classes: (1) silicas that contain ordered cylindrical nanopores but have weaker hydrophilicity and (2) nanoparticles of other transition-metal oxides, such as TiO2, which share the strong hydrophilicity of our samples but lack their porosity.
Resonance colors in an amorphous-Si thin layer irradiated by an ultraviolet nanosecond laser
Authors: Hwang Eui Sun , Kang Min Jin , Cheong Byoung-Ho
Published: June 2022

The optical resonances of nanoparticles have drawn considerable attention in academia and industry; however, the formation of uniform nanoparticles has been challenging, hindering their application. Herein, we propose that reflective-type color filters can be achieved using the optical resonance effect arising from Si nanoparticles created on an amorphous Si thin film via laser irradiation. Multiple equally spaced irradiations of an amorphous-Si surface by a Gaussian laser beam created Si nanoparticles with sizes of 100–200 nm at laser fluences in the range of 150–200 mJ/cm2. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the resonance colors could be tuned to red, green, and blue by adjusting the laser fluence and scan speed. The optical properties of the nanoparticles were analyzed using dark-field microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. According to the measured nanoparticle geometries and spectral data, the Si nanoparticles are spheroidal shapes embedded in the Si layer, and simulations indicate that the resonance colors originate from electric and magnetic dipoles inside the Si nanoparticles. The results could inform the fabrication of color filters in reflective display device or sensor applications through a simple laser scanning process.
Holocene bidirectional river system along the Kenya Rift and its influence on East African faunal exchange and diversity gradients
Authors: Dommain René , Riedl Simon , Olaka Lydia A. , deMenocal Peter , Deino Alan L. , Owen R. Bernhart , Muiruri Veronica , Müller Johannes , Potts Richard , Strecker Manfred R.
Published: June 2022

East Africa is a global biodiversity hotspot and exhibits distinct longitudinal diversity gradients from west to east in freshwater fishes and forest mammals. The assembly of this exceptional biodiversity and the drivers behind diversity gradients remain poorly understood, with diversification often studied at local scales and less attention paid to biotic exchange between Afrotropical regions. Here, we reconstruct a river system that existed for several millennia along the now semiarid Kenya Rift Valley during the humid early Holocene and show how this river system influenced postglacial dispersal of fishes and mammals due to its dual role as a dispersal corridor and barrier. Using geomorphological, geochronological, isotopic, and fossil analyses and a synthesis of radiocarbon dates, we find that the overflow of Kenyan rift lakes between 12 and 8 ka before present formed a bidirectional river system consisting of a “Northern River” connected to the Nile Basin and a “Southern River,” a closed basin. The drainage divide between these rivers represented the only viable terrestrial dispersal corridor across the rift. The degree and duration of past hydrological connectivity between adjacent river basins determined spatial diversity gradients for East African fishes. Our reconstruction explains the isolated distribution of Nilotic fish species in modern Kenyan rift lakes, Guineo-Congolian mammal species in forests east of the Kenya Rift, and recent incipient vertebrate speciation and local endemism in this region. Climate-driven rearrangements of drainage networks unrelated to tectonic activity contributed significantly to the assembly of species diversity and modern faunas in the East African biodiversity hotspot.
Delta-like ligand 3–targeted radioimmunotherapy for neuroendocrine prostate cancer
Authors: Korsen Joshua A. , Gutierrez Julia A. , Tully Kathryn M. , Carter Lukas M. , Samuels Zachary V. , Khitrov Samantha , Poirier John T. , Rudin Charles M. , Chen Yu , Morris Michael J. , Bodei Lisa , Pillarsetty Nagavarakishore , Lewis Jason S.
Published: June 2022

Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a lethal subtype of prostate cancer with limited meaningful treatment options. NEPC lesions uniquely express delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) on their cell surface. Taking advantage of DLL3 overexpression, we developed and evaluated lutetium-177 (
177
Lu)–labeled DLL3-targeting antibody SC16 (
177
Lu-DTPA-SC16) as a treatment for NEPC. SC16 was functionalized with DTPA-CHX-A" chelator and radiolabeled with
177
Lu to produce
177
Lu-DTPA-SC16. Specificity and selectivity of
177
Lu-DTPA-SC16 were evaluated in vitro and in vivo using NCI-H660 (NEPC, DLL3-positive) and DU145 (adenocarcinoma, DLL3-negative) cells and xenografts. Dose-dependent treatment efficacy and specificity of
177
Lu-DTPA-SC16 radionuclide therapy were evaluated in H660 and DU145 xenograft–bearing mice. Safety of the agent was assessed by monitoring hematologic parameters.
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Lu-DTPA-SC16 showed high tumor uptake and specificity in H660 xenografts, with minimal uptake in DU145 xenografts. At all three tested doses of
177
Lu-DTPA-SC16 (4.63, 9.25, and 27.75 MBq/mouse), complete responses were observed in H660-bearing mice; 9.25 and 27.75 MBq/mouse doses were curative. Even the lowest tested dose proved curative in five (63%) of eight mice, and recurring tumors could be successfully re-treated at the same dose to achieve complete responses. In DU145 xenografts,
177
Lu-DTPA-SC16 therapy did not inhibit tumor growth. Platelets and hematocrit transiently dropped, reaching nadir at 2 to 3 wk. This was out of range only in the highest-dose cohort and quickly recovered to normal range by week 4. Weight loss was observed only in the highest-dose cohort. Therefore, our data demonstrate that
177
Lu-DTPA-SC16 is a potent and safe radioimmunotherapeutic agent for testing in humans with NEPC.
Being ambivalent by exploiting indeterminacy in the explicit import of an utterance
Authors: Piskorska Agnieszka
Published: June 2022

In line with recent interest in weak and often not fully determinate effects of communication permeating relevance-theoretic research, I contribute a discussion on two possible sources of speaker-intended indeterminacy within explicit import of an utterance: one residing in an intentionally underspecified location of an ad hoc concept between literal or non-literal (e.g. metaphorical or hyperbolic) interpretation, and the other lying in the higher-level explicature of an utterance, and being related to propositional attitude (e.g. pretence, reporting, dissociation) or speech-act description (e.g. complementing, reproaching). In both cases, the speaker leaves a certain amount of indeterminacy concerning the degree of her commitment to the content communicated, by not indicating where precisely the concept or the attitude is to be located on the literalness-metaphor continuum or on the continuum of various propositional attitudes/speech-act descriptions, respectively. Using a number of illustrative examples drawn from television discourse, I try to show that this kind of intended indeterminacy gives rise to communicative effects of a non-propositional kind. Additionally, the analyses presented here support the deflationary view of figurative uses of language, on which they form continua with non-figurative utterances.
Experimental observation of interlayer perpendicular standing spin wave mode with low damping in skyrmion-hosting [Pt/Co/Ta]10 multilayer
Authors: Chen Zhen-Dong , Ma Mei-Yang , Zhang Sen-Fu , Ma Mang-Yuan , Pan Zi-Zhao , Zhang Xi-Xiang , Ruan Xue-Zhong , Xu Yong-Bing , Ma Fu-Sheng
Published: June 2022

An interlayer perpendicular standing spin wave mode is observed in the skyrmion-hosting [Pt/Co/Ta]10 multilayer by measuring the time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect. The observed interlayer mode depends on the interlayer spin-pumping and spin transfer torque among the neighboring Co layers. This mode shows monotonically increasing frequency-field dependence which is similar to the ferromagnetic resonance mode, but within higher frequency range. Besides, the damping of the interlayer mode is found to be a relatively low constant value of 0.027 which is independent of the external field. This work expounds the potential application of the [heavy-metal/ferromagnetic-metal]
n
multilayers to skyrmion-based magnonic devices which can provide multiple magnon modes, relatively low damping, and skyrmion states, simultaneously.
Diffusive field coupling-induced synchronization between neural circuits under energy balance
Authors: Wang Ya , Sun Guoping , Ren Guodong
Published: June 2022

When charged bodies come up close to each other, the field energy is diffused and their states are regulated under bidirectional field coupling. For biological neurons, the diversity in intrinsic electric and magnetic field energy can create synaptic connection for fast energy balance and synaptic current is passed across the synapse channel; as a result, energy is pumped and exchanged to induce synchronous firing modes. In this paper, a capacitor is used to connect two neural circuits and energy propagation is activated along the coupling channel. The intrinsic field energy in the two neural circuits is exchanged and the coupling intensity is controlled adaptively using the Heaviside function. Some field energy is saved in the coupling channel and is then sent back to the coupled neural circuits to reach energy balance. Therefore the circuits can reach possible energy balance and complete synchronization. It is possible that the diffusive energy of the coupled neurons inspires the synaptic connections to grow stronger for possible energy balance.
Magnetic cross-talk simulation for Iranian Light Source Facility storage ring
Authors: Yousefnejad S. , Saeidi F. , Razazian M. , Ahmadi E.
Published: June 2022

Magnetic cross-talk due to the small free space between the
magnets of a machine may result in significant distortions of the
magnetic field integration and performance distortion of the
machine. This paper presents the preparation done at the Iranian
Light Source Facility (ILSF) on integrated magnetic components of
three storage ring (SR) magnets with minimum space between the
yokes, modeled separately in Opera-3D code and accumulatively as in
the lattice design. The results show that the integrated quadrupole
component of the BE2 dipole magnet remains nearly the same, while
the integrated dipole and sextupole components are reduced by 0.13%
and 4.69%, respectively. By the same token, the integrated
quadrupole component of the Q11 in the lattice is decreased by
0.07%, and the integrated sextupole component of the S4 sextupole
is reduced by 8.14%. The probable deviation on the higher-order
integrated multipoles together with harmonic fields along the beam
trajectory are discussed, and some studies are introduced to cut
down any deficient effects.
Source decomposition of eddy-covariance CO2 flux measurements for evaluating a high-resolution urban CO2 emissions inventory
Authors: Wu Kai , Davis Kenneth J , Miles Natasha L , Richardson Scott J , Lauvaux Thomas , Sarmiento Daniel P , Balashov Nikolay V , Keller Klaus , Turnbull Jocelyn , Gurney Kevin R , Liang Jianming , Roest Geoffrey
Published: June 2022

We present the comparison of source-partitioned CO2 flux measurements with a high-resolution urban CO2 emissions inventory (Hestia). Tower-based measurements of CO and 14C are used to partition net CO2 flux measurements into fossil and biogenic components. A flux footprint model is used to quantify spatial variation in flux measurements. We compare the daily cycle and spatial structure of Hestia and eddy-covariance derived fossil fuel CO2 emissions on a seasonal basis. Hestia inventory emissions exceed the eddy-covariance measured emissions by 0.36 µmol m−2 s−1 (3.2%) in the cold season and 0.62 µmol m−2 s−1 (9.1%) in the warm season. The daily cycle of fluxes in both products matches closely, with correlations in the hourly mean fluxes of 0.86 (cold season) and 0.93 (warm season). The spatially averaged fluxes also agree in each season and a persistent spatial pattern in the differences during both seasons that may suggest a bias related to residential heating emissions. In addition, in the cold season, the magnitudes of average daytime biological uptake and nighttime respiration at this flux site are approximately 15% and 27% of the mean fossil fuel CO2 emissions over the same time period, contradicting common assumptions of no significant biological CO2 exchange in northern cities during winter. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of using trace gas ratios to adapt eddy-covariance flux measurements in urban environments for disaggregating anthropogenic CO2 emissions and urban ecosystem fluxes at high spatial and temporal resolution.
The use of cotton gene pool in the selection process
Authors: Makhmadjanov S P , Tokhetova L A , Yesimbekova M A , Daurenbek N M , Kostak O A
Published: June 2022

Cotton growing is the most important industry that determines the strategic security of the country. Scientists of the "Agricultural and Melon Industry" LLP consider their genetic collection to be unique, since the cotton plants collected in it have the widest range of economically valuable qualities. There are groups of cotton with different types of branching, with different heights of the main stem and shape of the leaf, with different types of seed pads, with capsules of various shapes and sizes, with different resistance to pests and diseases. It is important that the collection "works" for practice. Its use in the breeding process made it possible for the first time in world practice to create and regionalize new high-yielding medium-fiber varieties of cotton with a short growing season Pakhtaaral-3031, Pakhtaaral-3044, Maktaaral-4005, BTM-4047, Atakent-2010, Bereke-07, Maktaaral-4007, Maktaaral-4011, Myrzashol-80, Maktaaral-4017, Maktaaral-5027. The use of the collection in further scientific work opens up great opportunities for creating new varieties and lines of the most important crop, which is cotton. Research on the cotton gene pool is currently being carried out in the direction of maintaining their viability. The effective use of the cotton gene pool depends on the scale and depth of assessment of its quality, with the strategic objectives of cotton growing and the level of organization and efficiency of the breeding process. The cotton varieties that occupy the area were bred on the basis of hybridization of varieties and subspecies of Y. Hirsutum L., which unites their potential for resistance to abiotic stress factors.