bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Employment Status and Quality of Life For Individuals with Severe and Persistent Mental Illness
Authors: Boom Donna C. Vanden , Lustig Daniel C.
Published: June 2019

The relationship between quality of life and employment status for individuals with severe and persistent mental illness was investigated. Forty individuals in the Program for Assertive Community Treatment (PACT) participated in the study. PACT is a community-based program for persons with severe and persistent mental illness which emphasizes the importance of employment in rehabilitation. Participants were interviewed using Lehman's Quality of Life Interview. A large effect size for difference between individuals who were employed and those who were unemployed was found for assessment of global quality of life. Medium and small effect sizes were found for satisfaction with family, financial situation, health and social relations, safety, and daily activities. Minimal effect size was found for satisfaction with living situation.
Psychosocial Challenges Faced by Persons with Meniere's Disease
Authors: Gant Nicole D. , Kampfe Charlene M.
Published: June 2019

Meniere's disease is characterized by three potentially debilitating symptoms: hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus. Each symptom can be extremely disruptive to a person's life, however, there is a wide range of severity and response to these symptoms. Difficulty in communicating with friends and family, fear of leaving one's home, and the inability to concentrate or sleep can result when all three symptoms are combined. Understanding this progressive disease and the potential impact of its symptoms on a person s mental health is vital for rehabilitation counselors to ensure effective treatment.
Supportive Psychotherapy and Psychological Adjustment to Physical Disability
Authors: Fow Neil Robert
Published: June 2019

Though limited, the literature on supportive psychotherapy permits consideration of its application in rehabilitation counseling. A review of supportive psychotherapy indications and techniques is followed by rehabilitation case examples that focus on chronic disability and long-term psychological adjustment.
Linguistic Factors as They Relate to Attitudes Towards Persons with Disabilities
Authors: Peirce John Trevor
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study is to review the subject of the language used to speak of people who have disabilities. There is controversy over the effect on attitudes of reference terminology, as well as labeling. This article reviews many of the major theories, studies, and thoughts on this topic from 1961 through the present. Information was drawn from books, journals, and other publications that were appropriate. The final analysis shows the subject to be largely unresolved, with conflict between theoretical and empirical sources. An argument for terminological change regardless of effectiveness is included.
A Discussion of Helping Theory, Christian Beliefs, and Persons with Disabilities
Authors: Byrd E. Keith
Published: June 2019

Helping theories are discussed within the general frame of reference of Christian beliefs and the impact they may have on the spiritual healing of persons with disabilities or chronic illnesses. Each helping theory is summarized, then related to generally accepted ideas about Christian beliefs and their relationship to healing and rehabilitation. Spirituality can be seen as a potential source of help for persons who experience a chronic physical problem if at least minimally nurtured by the professional worker in rehabilitation.
The Multiple Impacts of HIV/AIDS: What Rehabilitation Counselors Need to Know
Authors: Groomes Darlene A. G.
Published: June 2019

The multiple impacts of HIV/AIDS as a disability were examined. Six specific impacts, including social, psychological, spiritual, medical, financial, and vocational were found to have the greatest effects on people who have HIV/AIDS. A review of the literature found that these impacts differed across four population groups; 1) people who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, 2) people who use intravenous drugs, 3) women, and 4) people with hemophilia. Specific social and psychological impacts were highlighted for each population group. Implications for rehabilitation counseling practice were discussed. An interview with an individual who has HIV/AIDS and hemophilia was completed to qualify a theoretical-based literature review, to enhance the reader's understanding of the multiple impacts of HIV/AIDS, and to illuminate an experience with disability. Particular interview comments are not highlighted, but interwoven in the text, to insure confidentiality.
Counselors as Change Agents in Rehabilitation of the Socially Disadvantaged
Authors: Trela James E. , O'Toole Richard
Published: June 2019

The problems faced by social minorities are fundamentally different and appear to require new ameliorative strategies. We have asked whether rehabilitation technologies developed for the physically and psychologically impaired are appropriately transferable to the socially disadvantaged. To answer this question we have examined the traditional counseling model and the disjuncture between rehabilitation technology and the problems of the socially disadvantaged. Some dimensions of an alternative model have been suggested. The kinds of strategies that appear to be most appropriate, however, underscore the uncertain relationship between the future of rehabilitation counseling (and the rehabilitation movement in general) and minority poverty. If counselors are to have an impact on the expansion and structure of helping arrangements in the disadvantaged community, basic decisions must be made concerning the objects and direction of change at both the individual and societal levels; the kinds of facilities and programs that need to be developed; the necessary and legitimate mechanisms for producing change and whether the rehabilitation counselor can and should function as a change agent in such communities. These decisions will cause discord within the rehabilitation movement, challenge its solidarity, and perhaps bring the movement into conflict with powerful sectors of the Society.
Home Service Health Aide Careers for the Handicapped
Authors: Gozali Joav , Clark John
Published: June 2019

In the past decade, many manpower programs have been designed and implemented in response to the needs and aspirations of the poor and minority groups in our society. One of the most innovative programs has been the New Careers Program. As articulated by A. Pearl and F. Riessman (1965), the New Careers Program was designed to respond to the critical manpower shortage in the field of human services, and, also, to enable disenfranchised groups to gain occupational and social mobility through simultaneous education and training programs.

The New Careers Program had its fair share of labor pains, and, subsequently, its successes and failures. While New Careers was designed to serve the poor and minority group members, it tended to bypass the handicapped, who are, for the most part, both poor and members of a minority group—the handicapped. The 1968 Vocational Rehabilitation Act corrected that problem through Section 4(a) (2) (C), New Careers in Rehabilitation, and through Section 4(a) (2) (D), New Careers for the Handicapped. Only in June, 1970, however, was the New Careers Program in Vocational Rehabilitation begun. The purpose of this paper is to describe one such rehabilitation program.
Decision Making in Client-Directed Rehabilitation Counseling: An Adlerian Approach
Authors: Bishop Malachy
Published: June 2019

There is currently a recognized trend in the provision of vocational rehabilitation services toward more direct client involvement in rehabilitation planning and services. As a result of this trend there is a need for specific and practical counseling approaches for increasing client participation in the rehabilitation process. Further, counselors often encounter clients who, for various reasons, do not have a vocational or rehabilitation goal in mind. In these instances, it can be challenging for counselors to balance guiding the client's goal development with client autonomy. This paper presents a framework for assessing and understanding clients, and for helping with goal setting and decision making. The assessment utilizes the Adlerian constructs of lifestyle and the life tasks to help the client and counselor work together to develop successful rehabilitation plans.
Counseling Clients with Dual Disorders: Information for Rehabilitation Counselors
Authors: Doughty Jhan D. , Hunt Brandon
Published: June 2019

Persons with dual disorders of psychiatric illness and substance dependence represent a significant portion of clients in mental health, chemical dependency, and/or other rehabilitation programs. Several psychiatric disorders are commonly found in persons with coexisting substance dependence disorders, including anxiety and mood disorders, psychotic disorders, and personality disorders. In this paper, dual disorder classifications are discussed as well as information on the prevalence of each disorder. The differing views regarding dual disorders treatment are presented, as well as the models used in chemical dependency, psychiatric, and integrated treatment settings. Implications for rehabilitation counseling and future research needs are also addressed.
Meeting the Unique Needs of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders with Disabilities: A Challenge to Rehabilitation Counselors in the 21st Century
Authors: Hampton Nan Zhang
Published: June 2019

This article focuses on the unique rehabilitation needs of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) with disabilities. The prevalence of disabilities among AAPIs is reviewed based on the available data in the literature. Cultures of AAPIs and barriers preventing AAPIs with disabilities from seeking or receiving vocational rehabilitation services are discussed. Recommendations are presented on how to improve vocational rehabilitation counseling services in the 21st century for this underserved population.
The Mental Health, Self-efficacy, and Satisfaction Outcomes of a Community Counseling Demonstration Project for Multiple Sclerosis Clients
Authors: Wingerson Nikki W. , Wineman N. Margaret
Published: June 2019

This demonstration project examined the effectiveness of a community-based, short-term counseling intervention for persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). Data were collected about identified goals, mental health status, perception of self-efficacy, and satisfaction with counseling. A convenience sample of 12 persons with MS was studied pre- and post-counseling. Disturbances in mood was the most frequently identified problem, followed by dlsturbances in roles and relationships, and in symptom management. A higher percentage of goals achieved or in progress was associated with a higher perceived self-efficacy, a greater satisfaction with counseling, and a greater sense of being helped. when a lower percentage of goals was achieved, individuals tended to rate the quality of counseling lower. There was no significant change in clients mental health at the end of counseling, but there was significant improvement in their self-efficacy. An unexpected finding was that mental health and self-efficacy were not significantly correlated.
Vocational Rehabilitation Services: Indicators of Successful Rehabilitation for Persons with Mental Retardation
Authors: Moore Corey L. , Flowers Carl R. , Taylor Darrell
Published: June 2019

From its inception, the public vocational rehabilitation program has focused on efforts to assist Americans with physical and mental disabilities, through a variety of services, to become gainfully employed and self-reliant. This article describes a study in which the rehabilitation outcomes (i.e., closure status & weekly earnings) of persons with mental retardation were analyzed. Six predictor variables were used to predict one dichotomous and one continuous criterion variable: closure status and weekly earnings. Results are presented for each criterion variable, and the implications of the findings for service and research are discussed.
Supported Employment Services for Persons with Developmental Disabilities: Unmet Promises and Future Challenges for Rehabilitation Counselors
Authors: Degeneffe Charles Edmund
Published: June 2019

This article reviews the performance of supported employment as a service option for persons with developmental disabilities. In many ways, supported employment has not met its promises as a preferred vocational rehabilitation option, in such areas as choice, empowerment, and addressing the vocational needs of persons with severe disabilities. This article reviews ways in which rehabilitation counselors need to address supported employment’s shortcomings, both in service delivery and social action.
The Quality of Life of Persons with Severe and Persistent Mental Illness: A Typology Based on Cluster Analysis
Authors: Lustig Daniel C. , Crowder Michelle
Published: June 2019

Recently rehabilitation and mental health professionals have placed increased emphasis on quality of life as a service outcome for individuals with severe and persistent mental illness. Research has indicated that when services are based on quality of life improvement, consumers are able to achieve higher levels of independence, satisfaction, production, and community integration. Individuals with severe and persistent mental illness completed Lehman's Quality of Life Index. Respondents were grouped based on their subjective assessment of quality of life in specific life domains. Although cluster analysis revealed that most respondents viewed quality of life as satisfactory, the heterogeneous nature of the groups suggested that it is important to view quality of life from a multifaceted perspective. The multifaceted nature of quality of life is discussed in terms of implications for rehabilitation counselors, administrators, and policy makers.
Working for Yourself: How People with Disabilities Choose Self-employment
Authors: Palmer Charles , Schriner Kay , Getch Yvette , Main Douglas
Published: June 2019

Self-employment is an increasingly popular choice among all Americans, including individuals with disabilities. In this article, we report the results of a qualitative study of four persons with disabilities who are self-employed. We describe the characteristics of successful self-employment as these individuals define it, conditions that led to their choosing self-employment, and contextual factors that were associated with their decision making.
Collaborative Efforts to Meet the Experiential Training Needs of Rehabilitation Counselors
Authors: Kress-Shull Manuela , Leech Linda L.
Published: June 2019

A series of developmental experiential learning activities designed to give students increasingly more experience working with individuals with psychiatric disabilities is described. The benefits of including these types of activities within a psychiatric rehabilitation specialization in a rehabilitation counseling master's degree program are discussed. Activities that increase students' sensitivity to, experience with, and efficacy working with individuals with long-term mental illnesses can easily be included in other rehabilitation counseling education programs.
Continuing Challenges to the Vocational Rehabilitation of Individuals with Severe Long-term Mental Illnesses
Authors: Kress-Shull Manuela K.
Published: June 2019

This article addresses the current vocational status of individuals with severe, long-term mental illnesses. Challenges to collaboration that arise from the counselors who work with this population, from the educational programs that train the counselors, and from the systems that serve individuals with severe, long-term mental illnesses are addressed. Finally, recommendations for systemic changes are made.
Ethics and Assessment
Authors: Blackwell Terry L. , Guglielmo Doris E.
Published: June 2019

This article is an exploration of the ethical issues facing rehabilitation counselors who provide assessment services. Ethical issues related to competence, validity, consent, interpretation, release of data, and test security are discussed.
Impact of Gender, Compensation Status and Chronicity on Treatment Response in Chronic Pain Patients
Authors: Fow Neil Robert , Smith-Seemiller Laura
Published: June 2019

This archival study examined changes in mood state as a function of gender, compensation status, and chronicity in 162 patients treated in a chronic pain management program. Patients with chronic pain were administered the Profile of Mood States (POMS) as part of pre and post-intervention psychological evaluations. Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance demonstrated that females reported greater improvement in Total Mood Disturbance Scores after treatment than males, even after the effects of compensation status were controlled. Subtest scores also differed significantly between males and females, for both pre- and post-treatment POMS subtest scores. No main effects or interactions were found for chronicity. We hypothesize that the observed sex differences may be due to changes in role functioning, which may be less acceptable to males, or that males who present for treatment represent a more emotionally disturbed subset of men with chronic pain.
Consumers with Traumatic Brain Injury and Significant Others' Perceptions of Changes in Cognitive, Behavioral, and Physical Status
Authors: Thomas Dale F. , Rosenthal David A. , Barone Natalie M.
Published: June 2019

This study investigated perceptions of persons with traumatic brain injury in relation to perceptions of a significant other in 14 domains of skills, abilities, and behaviors. Ninety-five pairs of ratings were obtained utilizing data collected from structured interviews. Findings indicated that the perceptions of raters differed on executive functioning and emotional status variables but not on other variables.
Consumer Perspectives on the Revised Code of Professional Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors
Authors: Hannold Elizabeth , Young Mary Ellen
Published: June 2019

The Revised Code of Professional Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors represents a milestone in consumer protections for the profession. By placing the counseling relationship at the apex of the code, CRCC has clearly indicated that the business of the rehabilitation counselor is to work in the best interest of the consumer. Consumers who are new to the systems of rehabilitation counseling service and who are not yet aware of the code may not know the significance of the code in directing the practice of rehabilitation counseling, although they most certainly will benefit from it. Informed consumers will find increased protections and a grievance system that will provide recourse for ethical complaints. The code will be most effectively used if consumers and the general public are informed of the code's purpose and content.
Application of Tokenism Theory to Quality Enhancement in Rehabilitation Services
Authors: Mpofu Elias , Conyers Liza Marie
Published: June 2019

The participation of racial minorities in services that are dominated by the majority race places minorities in token status in their being under-represented, and makes it likely that racial minorities will experience the tokenism effects of visibility, contrast, role encapsulation, ambivalence and assimilation. Rehabilitation clients also may experience tokenism effects that are similar to those experienced by minorities in other settings. Research on perceptions and experiences of rehabilitation services by clients suggest that they experience tokenism effects that could lower their chances of success. Policies and practices that enhance the responsiveness of service providers to diversity in clients could help minimize tokenism effects on clients as well as enhance the quality of rehabilitation services.
Outcome Variables that Contribute to Group Differences Between Caucasians, African Americans, and Asian Americans who are Deaf
Authors: Moore Corey L.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this research was to identify those dimensions of outcome variables (i.e., number of VR services provided, cost of case services, income, and number of hours worked at closure) that make the greatest contribution to group differences between Caucasians, African Americans, and Asian Americans who are deaf. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and post hoc descriptive discriminant analysis (DDA) were utilized to evaluate 1,108 case records obtained from the RSA-911 database for fiscal year 1997. DDA results indicated that African-Americans were provided with significantly more VR services and achieved significantly lower levels of income when compared to Caucasians and Asian Americans. Results are presented for the discriminating variables and the implications of findings for research and practice are discussed.
Issues to Consider When Counseling Gay People with Alcohol Dependency
Authors: Cheng Zhankun
Published: June 2019

This article analyzes the ethical issues facing rehabilitation counselors when counseling gay people with alcohol dependency (GPWAD). Studies show that people who are alcohol dependent and gay share a history of social oppression and neglect. Factors that contribute to the alcohol dependency of people who are gay are explored. When referred to rehabilitation settings for health services, GPWAD are likely to experience discrimination in many ways by heterosexual professionals due to their sexual orientation. Ethical principles regarding GPWAD as a disability are reviewed.
Vocational Rehabilitation Counseling for Adolescents and Adults with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Mungle jennifer , Burker Eileen J. , Yankaskas james R.
Published: June 2019

Affecting approximately 30,000 people in the US in 1990, Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most common, fatal, autosomal recessive disease among Caucasians, affecting one in 2,500 Caucasian and one in 17,000 African American live births. Although medical advances have resulted in an improved survival rate for individuals with CF, there continues to be a lag in vocational rehabilitation services to this population. This paper proposes that rehabilitation counselors can play an important role in the lives of individuals with CF. Recommendations are offered to assist rehabilitation counselors in working with clients with CF.
The Rehabilitation Counselor as Forensic Expert, Life Care Planner, and Case Manager in Catastrophic Disability: A Case Illustration
Authors: Shahnasarian Michael
Published: June 2019

A rehabilitation counselor became involved as a forensic expert in a catastrophic injury case involving an individual with a severe head injury and orthopaedic injuries. The counselor's role quickly expanded to include case management, life care planning, and forensic consulting. Complicating the case was pending litigation, the severity of the client's disabilities, pre-injury estrangement from family members, lack of funding for rehabilitation services, and coordination of service issues - including transporting the client long distances. The case study illustrates the breadth of services that rehabilitation counselors can offer to promote an optimal outcome under adverse circumstances.
The Spirituality Exploration Guide: A Means to Facilitate Discussion of Spiritual Issues in the Rehabilitation Counseling Process
Authors: Havranek Joseph E.
Published: June 2019

Spiritual issues in the counseling field have recently been given increased saliency, and the literature on rehabilitation counseling has seen a steady growth. Much of the research has focused on measuring spirituality, while relatively little has been on constructing useful counseling tools. This paper reviews the major findings and presents an instrument designed to facilitate the inclusion of a spiritual dimension in rehabilitation counseling. A case study and conclusions are included.
An Investigation of the Psychological and Psychosocial Challenges Faced by Post-Transplant Organ Recipients
Authors: Savitch Stephanie , Gilmore Robin , Dowler Denetta L.
Published: June 2019

Organ transplantation offers to some terminally ill people the opportunity to have their lives extended with the gift of an organ(s). Following transplantation, the organ recipient is given extensive medical care, but the psychological, psychosocial, and occupational needs of the person are rarely addressed. This study identified and defined these emotional and occupational challenges and presents the current and prospective role of the Rehabilitation Counselor. Fifty-four organ transplant recipients completed a two-page questionnaire covering the post-transplant experience. Analysis of the results identified the challenges faced by the recipients post-transplant as well as the need for counseling during the first year following the transplant procedure.
Users of Assistive Technology: The Human Component
Authors: Brodwin Martin G. , Star Tristen , Cardoso Elizabeth
Published: June 2019

Consumers with disabilities are using assistive technology in increasing numbers. Technology has enabled them to deal more effectively with their environment, increase functional abilities, diminish limitations, and enhance independence. Moreover, assistive technology helps to mainstream consumers in all aspects of society, creating a method of equalization between people with and without disabilities. Through greater understanding of AT, practitioners in the field of rehabilitation can more readily assist consumers to accomplish tasks that were impossible in the past.
Impact of Visual Cues in Computer-Mediated Vocational Test Interpretation
Authors: Jones W. Paul , Staples Pamela A. , Coker J. Kelly , Harbach Robert L.
Published: June 2019

Online delivery of rehabilitation counseling can make services more widely available, but more information is needed about specific features before it can be considered a viable approach. Video conferencing with broadcast of counselor and client image is one recommended tool with some evidence that client rating of session depth may be equivalent to face-to-face sessions but at a cost of increased client discomfort. In this study, the counselor's image was broadcast to 24 participants in online test interpretation sessions Broadcast of participant image to the counselor was contingent on random assignment. The Session Evaluation Questionnaire completed by participants at the end of the session showed no significant impact on ratings of session of depth between camera-on and camera-off conditions. Session smoothness/comfort ratings, however, were significantly higher when the participant image was not broadcast to the counselor. Implications for rehabilitation counseling are discussed.
Differences in Career Thoughts Between Individuals With And Without Disability: Do They Really Exist?
Authors: Strauser David R. , Lustig Daniel C. , Uruk Ayse Ciftci
Published: June 2019

In this study, differences in career thoughts were examined between individuals with disabilities and college students who did not report having a disability. One hundred twenty students and 61 clients from the Center for Rehabilitation and Employment Research were included in the study. The results indicated significant differences on Career Thoughts total score, Decision Making Confusion, External Conflict and Commitment Anxiety with medium to large effect sizes. The limitations and direction for future research were also discussed.
Professional Portfolio Development for Rehabilitation Counselors and Human Service Providers: A Tool for Professional Development and Leadership
Authors: Harley Debra A. , Jolivette Kristine , Collins Belva , Schuster John W.
Published: June 2019

Professional development is recognized by various professions as a way to enhance skills, competencies, and marketability of personnel. In addition to inservice training, constructing a portfolio offers a concrete venue for counselors to summarize, showcase, and track their accomplishments. This article outlines professional portfolio development as a tool for professional development and leadership for rehabilitation counselors and human service providers. Key components and strategies of portfolio development are presented as well as implications for the Comprehensive System of Professional Development (CSPD) and leadership.
Enforcing Title I of the Americans With Disabilities Act: Horton Hears A Who
Authors: LeBlanc Sandra
Published: June 2019

The Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) became law in 1990. Disability advocates were certain that the ADA would make a positive difference in the lives of those with disabilities and in some cases it has. Inasmuch as work is highly valued in American Society, Title I of the ADA becomes a significant indicator of acceptance or non-acceptance of the rights of people with disabilities and the continuing stigma they experience as they attempt to find and hold jobs. Title I and its enforcement is particularly relevant to the work conducted by Rehabilitation Counselors. As people with disabilities and their advocates attempted to enforce Title I of the ADA, an unexpected pattern developed. This paper outlines the processes and pitfalls of ADA enforcement, including court interpretations and decisions; the media's negative portrayal of the ADA; and suggestions for rehabilitation counselors to consider in their role as advocates for people with disabilities.
Multiple Chemical Sensitivity and Rehabilitation Planning Implications
Authors: Koch Lynn , Eaton Barbara
Published: June 2019

Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a chronic illness that affects multiple organ systems and presents numerous barriers to independent living and employment. However, individuals with MCS represent an underserved population that could benefit substantially from rehabilitation services. The purpose of this manuscript is to (a) provide an overview of the literature to familiarize readers with the medical characteristics of MCS, (b) explore the psychosocial and vocational impact of this illness, and (c) suggest considerations/or rehabilitation planning.
Participation of Ethnically Diverse Personnel in State-Federal Vocational Rehabilitation Agencies
Authors: Kundu Madan M. , Dutta Alo , Walker Sylvia
Published: June 2019

The rate of employment among those with disabilities, especially from culturally diverse backgrounds, is extremely low and the prevalence of poverty rather high compared to the general population. However, the long-term outcome of consumers of the state-federal vocational rehabilitation (VR) system continues to be in need of substantial improvement. The fact that the ethnographic composition of the direct service professionals and administrators employed by the system does not represent that of the country complicates the matter even further. The current study, involving 7,862 professionals from 38 VR agencies, was designed to ascertain the demographic composition of rehabilitation personnel in: (1) State Offices, (2) District/Regional Offices, and (3) Evaluation/Training Facilities. It was found that the participants were mostly Caucasians, females, did not have degrees in rehabilitation, and possessed non-rehabilitation related certification/licensure. The representation of people with disabilities was extremely low. Recommendations for future research, continued federal funding of rehabilitation and related programs, and possible changes in existing policies were made.
Motivational Factors Affecting Ticket to Work Utilization: A Pilot Investigation
Authors: Roessler Richard T. , Williams Brent T. , Featherston Larry , Featherston Jennifer Bogard
Published: June 2019

Interventions that increase work participation by Social Security Administration beneficiaries and recipients are necessary to ensure the longevity of the disability benefits system and to improve the quality of life of people with severe disabilities. To be effective, these strategies must address motivational factors influencing return-to-work behavior such as perceived probability of successful return, utility of work, and personal cost of return-to-work efforts. This article presents the perceptions of 51 participants in the Social Security Ticket to Work program regarding their a) plans for returning to work within a year, b) current financial situation, and c) barriers to return-to-work efforts.
Consumers with a disability of substance abuse: Exploring beliefs impacting placement
Authors: Hergenrather Kenneth C. , Rhodes Scott D.
Published: June 2019

Given the increased prevalence of substance abuse among U.S. citizens, this study utilized the Theory of Planned Behavior to explore the beliefs influencing the placement of consumers with a disability of substance abuse. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, the Disability of Substance Abuse survey was developed and administered to 163 public rehabilitation placement professionals with active caseloads. Participants identified nine outcomes of placement which included increased consumer self-esteem and opportunity for consumer success; reported three groups of persons influencing placement decisions; and delineated nine impediments to placement which included consumer lack of support systems and consumer misdemeanor and arrest history. The findings suggest public rehabilitation placement professionals perceived the placement of persons with a disability of substance abuse as beneficial; however, their behavior was influenced by (a) rehabilitation placement peers in their agency, (b) employers with whom they work, and (c) impediments to, rather than resources for, placement.
Perceived Quality of Life Changes of Job Seekers with Significant Disabilities Who Participated in a Customized Employment Process
Authors: Luecking Debra Martin , Gumpman Paula , Saecker Lee , Cihak David
Published: June 2019

Customized employment is becoming more widely adopted as a means to assist job seekers with most significant disabilities to improve employment outcomes. These practices promise to have impact on their lives in a much broader way. Changes in 13 quality of life indicators, as perceived by job seekers or their community rehabilitation support workers, were determined by comparing quality of life ratings before and during the time period that job seekers were participating in a customized employment process. Reported in this article are significant findings indicating that the job seekers perceived that employment contributed to positive changes in their quality of life.
Service Integration and School to Work Transition: Customized Employment as an Outcome for Youth with Significant Disabilities
Authors: Certo Nicholas J. , Luecking Richard G.
Published: June 2019

This article presents a model of transition service delivery that is designed to produce seamless transition from school to work for youth considered to have significant disability, be candidates for supported employment services, and require considerable job customization in order to maintain successful employment. This model, the Transition Service Integration Model, integrates resources to enable youth to obtain employment prior to school exit, maintain that employment upon school exit, and continue to receive employment support from a community rehabilitation agency that collaborated with school system personnel prior to school exit. This article illustrates the potential of pairing this service integration model with customized employment strategies so that youth with significant disabilities achieve successful employment outcomes.
Outcome Discrepancies Among Racially/Ethnically Diverse Consumers of Vocational Rehabilitation Services: Summary and Critique of the Literature
Authors: LeBlanc Sandra , Smart Julie F.
Published: June 2019

This article summarizes 27 studies that sought to investigate the experiences of various racial/ethnic minority groups in the public vocational rehabilitation agency. Spanning the years since the 1992 Amendments to the Rehabilitation Act, this body of research has identified and defined a significant question: are the experiences and outcomes of consumers who identify as racial/ethnic minority members different from consumers of the majority culture? Did the amendments to the Rehabilitation Act affect a change in outcome discrepancies? A critique of the various methodologies is presented, including: the use of archival data; the use of univariate, non parametric statistics; and the lack of precision in defining/operationalizing the independent variable of race/ethnicity. The use of hierarchical linear modeling is advocated since many variables of interest can be studied simultaneously. A brief summary of the researchers' recommendation of ways in which to provide higher quality outcomes is presented.
Perceptions of Mental Illness and Rehabilitation Services in Chinese and Vietnamese Americans
Authors: Hampton Nan Zhang , Yeung Teresa , Nguyen Courtney Hoa
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to explore perceptions of mental illness (MI) and rehabilitation services among Chinese and Vietnamese Americans. A qualitative study design (face-to-face interview) was used and 40 Chinese and Vietnamese Americans/immigrants participated in the study. Results indicated that the participants' views of MI were multifaceted. The major themes included: (a) MI was a treatable disease that consisted of different types and varied from mild to severe; (b) the major cause of MI was stressful circumstances such as the Vietnam War and immigration; (c) MI was not positively perceived in the participants' communities; and (d) rehabilitation counseling services were almost unknown to the participants although some of them were aware of mental health services. Implications of the results for rehabilitation counselors and researchers are discussed in light of the impact of Chinese and Vietnamese cultures on the perceptions of various aspects or MI.
A Qualitative Analysis of the Potential for Collaboration between Vocational Rehabilitation Agencies and Small Business Developers
Authors: Colling Kyle , Arnold Nancy
Published: June 2019

Self-employment is a significant economic trend. For a variety of reasons, self-employment may be particularly salient to people with disabilities. For a person working with a vocational rehabilitation agency, collaboration with a business consultant is an important component of the business development process to help insure success. However, quite often this step is not included in the process or is overlooked. This article reports on a qualitative study conducted to learn about collaborative efforts between Vocational Rehabilitation and business consultants such as Small Business Development Centers, and to assess the potential for strengthening resources available for persons with disabilities who wish to pursue entrepreneurship. Focus groups were conducted using knowledgeable and experienced participants from both service entities, as well as people with disabilities who are self-employed. Analysis of these data is presented, along with recommendations based upon the findings and the empirical literature on professional collaboration.
The Impact of Education and Death-Related Experiences on Rehabilitation Counselor Attitudes Toward Death and Dying
Authors: Haas-Thompson Traci , Alston Paul P. , Holbert Don
Published: June 2019

This study examined whether rehabilitation counselor exposure to death education and personal death-related experiences were related to attitudes toward their own death and the dying of others. One hundred forty-eight rehabilitation counselors employed by the North Carolina Division of Vocational Rehabilitation completed the Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale (FDS), and Death Depression Scale-Revised (DDS-R). The number of personal death experiences and exposure to death education were significantly related to less fear of death among participating counselors. Rehabilitation counselors with master's degrees also expressed less fear of death than those with bachelor degrees, perhaps related to grief and loss issues typically taught in the psychosocial aspects of disability classes.
Community-Based Interventions for Persons with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Primer for Rehabilitation Counselors
Authors: Degeneffe Charles Edmund , Boot Dylan , Kuehne Jessica , Kuraishi Alia , Maristela Farah-Dee , Noyes Jeffrey , Price Robert , Slooten Adriana , Wil Heidi
Published: June 2019

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is commonly referred to as the “silent epidemic,” as it occurs frequently; yet, the public and even many professionals know little about this disability. Moreover, the bulk of rehabilitation support for persons with TBI focuses on inpatient and acute-care services, while long-term community support needs go unmet. This article is intended to serve as a “primer” for rehabilitation counselors that assist persons with TBI to make community transitions through advocacy, vocational rehabilitation, job placement, counseling, and service coordination. Areas discussed include (a) an overview of TBI; (b) psychosocial impacts of TBI; (c) psychosocial interventions; (d) employment outcomes and interventions for persons with TBL; (e) funding, long-term care, best practice approaches, and advocacy; and (f) recommendations/or practice and research.
Policy Issues in Vocational Rehabilitation Related to Consumers with Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Moore Dennis , McAweeney Mary , Keferl Joseph , Glenn Margaret , Ford Jo Ann
Published: June 2019

State vocational rehabilitation (VR) agencies demonstrate wide reporting variability regarding the prevalence of substance use disorders among consumers of their services. The differences do not appear to correspond with state-level data derived from the general population in national substance use/abuse studies. This study reports findings from national surveys of VR program directors and counselors in regard to policy, practice, and professional perceptions. Results indicate that there are differences in the perceptions of profossionals regarding order of selection, sobriety waiting policies, and estimates of substance abuse but no relationship between state VR policies and the variability found in SUD rates.
Rehabilitation Counselor Certification: Moving Forward
Authors: Saunders Jodi L. , Barros-Bailey Mary , Chapman Cindy , Nunez Patricia
Published: June 2019

This article provides a brief history of the Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification and presents recent changes and strategic goals for moving forward. Challenges and opportunities/or the profession in relation to certification are also discussed.
Unifying and Elevating Rehabilitation Counseling Through Model-Driven, Diversity-Sensitive Evidence-Based Practice
Authors: Chan Fong , Tarvydas Vilia , Blalock Kacie , Strauser David , Atkins Bobbie J.
Published: June 2019

Rehabilitation counseling must embrace an evidence-based practice paradigm to remain a vital and respected member of the future community of professions in rehabilitation and mental health care and to fully discharge its responsibility to assist consumers in accessing effective rehabilitation interventions and exercising truly informed choice. The goals of this article are to (a) discuss the importance of using model-driven and culturally sensitive evidence-based rehabilitation counseling practices to enhance rehabilitation outcomes for people with disabilities, (b) highlight the needs for an integrative conceptual framework of disability that can be used to conduct systematic rehabilitation counseling research and to examine mediators and moderators affecting vocational rehabilitation outcomes, and (c) recommend changes in rehabilitation counseling practice, education, and research.
Identification of Personality Groups in a Comprehensive Rehabilitation Center Population
Authors: Rice B. Douglas , Glenn Vernon L.
Published: June 2019

Recent legislation has extended rehabilitation services from the groups traditionally served to the socially and economically disadvantaged. Since many of these clients cannot be classified in the traditional modes, this study developed a system of classification according to personality traits intended to be useful to counselors in dealing with all types of clients.

A sample of 135 clients was administered Form E of the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire. Factor analysis (principle components method) and discriminant analysis differentiated three personality groups: (1) normal adjusted, (2) assertive-aggressive, and (3) passive-dependent. Appropriate counseling techniques for each group are suggested.
Effect of Stomach Surgery on Work Ability
Authors: Velten E. , Bondi J.L.
Published: June 2019

Work capacity and vocational status were studied in patients who received surgery for peptic ulcer. At two- to three-year followup, almost 40% of those regularly employed before surgery were unemployed; 40% of the homemakers reported significant impairment in the performance of their duties; half of the unemployed before surgery labeled themselves “retired” after surgery. Certain symptoms were found to be associated with vocational loss. A vocational disability syndrome was outlined and a digestive diseases-vocational rehabilitation program was described.
Graduate and Undergraduate Training: A Comparison of the Impact on Counselor Performance and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Brinson Leslie C. , Alston Paul P.
Published: June 2019

This study compared the performance and job satisfaction of matched groups of rehabilitation counselors with graduate and undergraduate degrees. The performance of the two groups were evaluated on the basis of the number of cases rehabilitated; the relative difficulty of cases closed rehabilitated and cases rejected; the effectiveness of their counseling techniques; and client ratings of the counselors. The performance differences between the two groups were significant (.05 level) only in counseling skills, where the graduate degree counselors were rated as significantly more effective. The ratings of job satisfaction on eight variables: revealed a significant (.05 level) difference in the area of progress and attainment of future goals, undergraduate degree counselors indicating higher satisfaction.
Comments
Authors: Hogsett G. Stanley
Published: June 2019

This section is reserved as an outlet for brief professional expressions pertaining to issues concerning the handicapped, the field of rehabilitation counseling, and/or reactions to previously published JARC articles.
Rehabilitation Counseling Interview Behavior in Facility and Field Offices
Authors: Richardson Bill K. , Rubin Stanford E.
Published: June 2019

This study investigated the patterns of facility and field counselors' interview responses sampled from taped counselor-client interactions. Patterns of subrole responses were analyzed by frequency of use and by amount of interview time spent. In terms of frequency of use, both groups of counselors showed a predominant pattern of subroles associated with seeking factual information, providing administrative information, building rapport, providing emotional support, and restating the content of client responses. Facility counselors used a significantly higher frequency of seeking client attitude and feeling, clarifying for counselor understanding, advising, and communicating values and opinions. Both groups spent the most time in seeking specific factual information and providing administrative information. The results of the analyses showed facility counselors spent a significantly higher percent of time providing emotional support.
Therapeutic Dimensions of Work in Rehabilitation
Authors: Barad Cary B. , Lawrence Richard E.
Published: June 2019

The issue of work inhibition is of prime concern to rehabilitation personnel. A review of the literature suggests that work and work adjustment services may be of some value in facilitating behavior change, and in generating meaningful vocational involvement for a disabled and disadvantaged population. A rationale in support of work as therapy is presented, along with an examination of some major limitations to the approach.