Antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects of Eryngiumcarline inflorescences on rat liver diabetic rats
Authors: Trejo‐Hurtado Mitchell , Landa‐Moreno Cinthia , Lemus‐De la Cruz Jenaro , Peña‐Montes Donovan , Salgado‐Garciglia Rafael , Manzo‐Avalos Salvador , Aguilera‐Méndez Asdrubal , Saavedra‐Molina Alfredo 
Published: May 2022

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by a state of hyperglycemia, which contributes to the maintenance of an oxidizing environment. One of the complications derived from diabetes is non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, and liver is subject to dysfunction and cell death due to oxidative stress and inflammation. Oxidative stress and inflammation can be considered therapeutic targets for the treatment of diabetes. The present study was carried out to determine the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effect of the secondary metabolites present in the ethyl acetate extract of Eryngium carlinae inflorescences on streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats. In vitro assays were carried out to know the potential of the extract using DPPH• assay to measure anti‐radical activity and reducing power to measure reducing capacity. In addition, the group of the major secondary metabolites present in the extract responsible for the antioxidant activity was determined. Once the in vitro activity was verified, in vivo studies were carried out using 32 male Wistar rats around 300 g, which were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups: diabetic and normoglycemic control; and diabetic and normoglycemic + E. carlinae. The induction of diabetes was carried out by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (45 mg / kg). The treatment was administered orally with mineral oil and extract at a dose of 30 mg / kg over a period of 60 days. At the end of the treatment, the liver was dissected to obtain a homogenate to determine the concentration of liver triacylglycerols (TAG), the activity of the catalase enzyme and the expression of the transcription factor NF‐кΒ as well as the levels of the inducible enzyme iNOS; were obtain mitochondria from which ROS production, lipid peroxidation, the activity of mitochondrial complexes and the activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) were evaluated. In addition, biochemical parameters of glucose and TAG and liver damage markers ALT, AST and FA were determined. The results obtained to determine the antioxidant activity in vitro show that the ethyl acetate extract of E. carlinae has dose‐dependent antioxidant activity with an IC50 = 57.97 mg/mL for the inhibition of the DPPH• radical, while the IC50 for the reducing capacity it was 30.90 mg/mL. The oral administration of the extract 30 mg/kg in diabetic rats decreased serum and liver TAG levels, decreased oxidative stress markers, and promoted the activity of both antioxidant enzymes. Likewise, it attenuated liver damage by decreasing a transcription factor that leads to inflammation and liver damage markers, so that the ethyl acetate extract of E. carlinae has antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective activity. However, even though it did not reduce blood glucose levels, the extract has potential for its use in addition to antidiabetic drugs for the treatment and/or prevention of a liver disease during diabetes mellitus.