bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asian Russia – Conditions for and Obstacles to Progressive Diversification of Macroregional Economy
Authors:   Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering SB RAS, Kryukov Valeriy , Shmat Vladimir ,   Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering SB RAS
Published: April 2022

The paper considers the peculiarities and directions of economy diversification processes in the eastern part of Russia – the territory that stretches from the Urals to the Pacific Ocean. The processes of diversification are reviewed through the prism of not only the views and approaches developed within the framework of modern evolutionary economic geography but also institutional economics. It is shown that the state and dynamics of diversification processes in the Asian Russia are determined by the peculiarities of the transformation of the country’s economy as a whole during the transition from the system of centralized planning and management to a system based on market principles of interaction between economic agents. The role and importance of previously formed assets and implemented solutions – especially in the infrastructure sphere and previously created production structures – are extremely high. Without taking into account the peculiarities of space – the significant distances between different productions that are links in the value chain – the transformation of the economy leads to a narrowing of the spheres of economic activity and subsequent de-industrialization. According to the authors, the transition to the evolutionary process of economic diversification of the vast macroregion is impossible without a balanced public industrial policy and policy in the field of nature and subsoil use. The analysis of the processes of diversification / de-industrialization is supplemented and expanded within the framework of the cognitive analysis of possible directions and conditions affecting them. The authors offer a set of fundamental measures and steps, that allow, in their opinion, moving from ‘extra-regional’ causes of diversification to augmenting the role and importance of local and internal factors and conditions
Comparative Analysis of the Spatial Structures of the Moscow and St. Petersburg Agglomerations
Authors:   Pushkin Leningrad State University, Olifir Denis
Published: April 2022

The article provides a comparative analysis of the existing spatial structure of urban settlement of the two largest agglomerations of our country – Moscow and St. Petersburg. Quantitative (dynamics of the number of settlements with the status of a city, dynamics of the population of cities, the number of houses under construction and the total area of residential units under construction) and qualitative (analysis of the automobile and railway networks) indicators are used. The following scientific methods are used in the work: statistical, geostructural, cartographic modeling, grouping method. 2002–2021 the two agglomerations are characterized by positive trends in population growth, which are associated with migration growth. The supporting framework of the Moscow agglomeration is represented by a uniform radial-circular type with a mixed monopolycentric model with a dominant core and the presence of large sub-centers, while the St. Petersburg agglomeration is a coastal type with a pronounced monocentric model and exclusive dominance of the core. On the basis of the existing supporting frames, to determine the stages of development of two agglomerations, a spatial typology of cities was carried out depending on the degree of their remoteness from the corresponding central points (nuclei). As a result, five orders (belts) with averaged transport availability isochrones were identified. Transformation processes of staged agglomeration development proceed most intensively within the entire Moscow agglomeration, which is at the stage of suburbanization. In the St. Petersburg agglomeration, the most active urbanized zone are cities located at distances of up to 50 km from the central point of the core, and it is characterized by a transition from the urbanization stage to the suburbanization stage
Features of Russian and Chinese Direct Investments in Kazakhstan
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State University, Petrov Alexander , Baynova Maria ,   Moscow Financial and Industrial University ‘Synergy’, Jiaerheng Jialihasi ,   Moscow State University named Lomonosov
Published: April 2022

The purpose of the article is to analyze the results of current theoretical and empirical studies of the socio-institutional environment of Russian and Chinese direct investments in Kazakhstan. One of the features of foreign direct investment is the fact that foreign investor companies are always forced to adapt as effectively as possible to the socio-institutional environment of the country where they invest funds. Foreign direct investment is an important factor in the modernization of production and economic development, can contribute to the growth of employment and income of the population. In fact, they show how much foreign investors trust the economy of a particular country, and for Kazakhstan it is also an important indicator of the role of Russia and China in its modern economic development. The results of modern investment research allow us to conclude that there is increasing competition between Russia and China in the promotion and implementation of investment projects in Central Asia and Kazakhstan. However, the success of these projects depends not only on the effectiveness of the efforts of governments and corporations aimed at promoting them in the region as a whole, but also on how these investments are perceived by the Kazakh society. The article analyzes the different points of view of modern Kazakh, Russian, Chinese and Western researchers analyzing the specifics of the relationship between society and business with the state in the globalizing economy of Kazakhstan, economic and historical factors, socio-institutional aspects of reducing compliance risks and features of labor organization that determine the stability and sustainability of economic development
Testing Alternative Models of Regional Economic Growth: The Boundaries of the Possible (On the Book by A.G. Isaev ‘Economic Growth of Russian Regions: Exogenous and Endogenous Sources’)
Authors:   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS, Dzhurka Natalya ,   Institute of Economics RAS
Published: April 2022

In this work we analyse the main results on the study of the factors of the regional economic growth in Russia that are presented in ‘Economic Growth of Russian Regions: exogenous and endogenous Sources’ by A.G. Isaev. The emphasis is made on the features of the instrumental base of the study. A.G. Isaev makes an attempt to test alternative macroeconomic models, adapted to varying degree to the tasks of interpreting the phenomena of regional growth, which inevitably raises questions about the possibilities of gaining synthetic knowledge based on such testing. We discuss two problems using the example of the results of conditional convergence assessment, verification of Verdoorn’s law, and determination of the potential for generating endogenous impulses in regional economies, presented in the book. The first problem of equifinality is common to all studies of economic dynamics, regardless of the objects that are considered in them, whether it is the economies of countries or regions. The second problem of determining the sources of spatial dependence and options for taking them into account is specific for studies of regional economic growth. The general conclusions are that the task of obtaining meaningful, internally consistent conclusions based on neoclassical and Keynesian models of economic growth is not trivial; the problem of equifinality for the models under consideration is imaginary, since their estimates of conditional convergence coincide at least on a qualitative level and they cannot tells us anything specific about the trends of interregional income inequality; there are issues arising from the use of neoclassical models that are still at the forefront of research on regional economic dynamics, including the issues related to the choice of the method of taking into account spatial dependence, the solution of which requires a certain reorientation of research work from the detection of particular causal effects to the analysis of universal patterns; models that are unpopular but at the same time transparent in the way they describe the channels of interregional influences can be useful in studies of the mechanisms of generation and absorption of impulses in the economy of the region
Multijurisdictional outbreak of COVID-19 associated with a wake/funeral event in a northern Saskatchewan First Nations community
Authors: Ndubuka Nnamdi , Gupta Sabyasachi , Zayed Rim , Quinn Brian , Khaketla Moliehi , Chan Elaine , Franklin Kristyn , McGill Erin
Published: April 2022

Background: Sixty-eight laboratory-confirmed cases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (12 in Alberta [AB], 56 in Saskatchewan [SK]) were linked to a gathering at a hospital in Alberta on June 1–4, 2020, and a wake/funeral in a First Nations community in northern Saskatchewan on June 9–11, 2020. Objective: The objectives were to provide a comprehensive description of the epidemiology of the outbreak and describe the chains of transmission to inform the hypothesis that there were multiple introductions of COVID-19 at the wake/funeral. Methods: Case investigation and contact tracing was conducted by local public health in AB and SK. The Public Health Agency of Canada conducted a centralized case analysis. An epidemic curve and a Gantt chart for period of communicability were created to support or refute whether there had been multiple introductions of COVID-19 at the wake/funeral. Results: Illness onset dates ranged from May 31 to July 1, 2020. Ages ranged from 2 to 80 years (median age=43 years). Five cases were hospitalized; there were no deaths. The available case exposure information supports the hypothesis that there had been multiple introductions of COVID-19 at the wake/funeral. Public health authorities in AB and SK declared the outbreak over on July 20, 2020; based on two incubation periods (i.e. 28 days) following the illness onset of the last primary case. Conclusion: During multijurisdictional outbreaks, data sharing, coordination across health authorities and centralized analysis is essential to understanding the events that lead to the outbreak and possible hypotheses around chains of transmission.
Regional differences in access to direct-acting antiviral treatments for hepatitis C across Ontario: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Konstantelos Natalia , Shakeri Ahmad , McCormack Daniel , Campos-Meade Anabel , Gomes Tara , Murti Michelle , Pierre-Pierre Valérie , Tadrous Mina
Published: April 2022

Background: Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are curative treatments for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, a condition affecting over 100,000 Ontarians. Although DAAs are covered under the public drug programs in Ontario, receiving prescriptions depends on access to healthcare. The aim of this study is to understand the relationship between DAA treatment rates and distance to prescriber in Ontario, Canada. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study and identified patients who filled a DAA prescription through the Ontario Drug Benefit (ODB) in 2019. We calculated crude (per 100,000 ODB recipients) and adjusted (by a regional HCV infection rate) DAA treatment rates by public health unit (PHU). We reported median distances to provider for all visit types, in-person visits, virtual visits, and proportions of visits that were virtual. Results: In 2019, the crude DAA treatment rate for Ontario is 83.0 patients per 100,000 ODB recipients. The HCV-adjusted DAA treatment rate ranges from 28.2 (Northwestern Ontario) to 188.5 (Eastern Ontario) per 100,000. In our primary analysis, patients in rural PHUs, including Northwestern and Porcupine, were among the highest median distances to prescriber for all visit types (1,195 km and 556 km, respectively). These PHUs also had the highest proportions of virtual visits (greater than 60%). Urban PHUs, such as Toronto and Ottawa, had smaller median distances for all visit types, with smaller proportions of virtual visits (10.8% and 12.4%, respectively). Conclusion: We observed heterogeneity in treatment rates, distance to DAA prescribers and use of virtual care in the management of HCV. Increasing use of telemedicine in regions with limited utilization of DAAs may improve access.
Comparison of three analytical approaches to assess temperament dimensions in nonhuman animals
Authors: Porto Ramos Gabriela Araújo , Azevedo Cristiano Schetini , Sant'Anna Aline Cristina
Published: April 2022

A critical aspect in the research about behavioral individual differences is the researchers’ decision of which statistical methods to use to reduce the dimensionality of observed behavioral data. Our aim was to compare the main behavioral dimensions obtained from three different data reduction techniques: the Feaver’s Method, Factor Analysis, and Principal Component Analysis. Three behavioral tests were carried out with 13 individuals of Amazona vinacea and 12 of Psittacara leucophthalmus species: reaction to an unknown person test, the reaction to potential predator test and the novel object test. We extracted the main behavioral dimensions using the three methods. Then we applied the Pearson’s correlation to test the relationships between the main dimensions found. The first Principal Component, the Factor 1, and the dimension 1 of Feaver’s Method were composed of behavioral variables reflecting ‘vigilance’. Variables in second Principal Component, Factor 2 and dimension 2 of Feaver’s Method reflected ‘fearfulness’. A strong correlation was found between the first Principal Component and dimension 1 of Feaver’s Method (r = 0.90), but not with Factor 1 (P > 0.05). Moderate correlations were found between second dimension with three methods. We conclude that PCA and Feaver’s Method generate similar results for the first principal dimension, but not for the second dimension, and Feaver’s Method seems to be a better predictor of this aspect of parrots’ behavioral individual differences for small samples sizes.
O gênero Peruviella (Gastropoda) do Cretáceo Inferior de Sergipe
Authors: Alves Moreira Junior Carlos , de Jesus Andrade Edilma
Published: April 2022

O molusco gastrópode do gênero Peruviella Olsson, 1944 pertence à família Itieriidae e foi representado por gastrópodes que viveram em águas quentes e rasas da Província Tetiana do Jurássico Médio ao Cretáceo Superior. Este trabalho teve como principal objetivo revisar sistematicamente o gênero Peruviella do Cretáceo Inferior de Sergipe e discutir interpretações paleoecológica e paleoambiental, a partir dessa fauna de gastrópodes. Foram analisados 42 exemplares de gastrópodes provenientes da seção Pedreira Carapeba, Formação Riachuelo, Bacia de Sergipe. Essa seção compreende aproximadamente 25 m de espessura, constituída de grainstone/packstone intercalados com margas dolomíticas, que fazem parte bancos carbonáticos do Membro Maruim. Foi identificada apenas a espécie Peruviella dolium (Roemer, 1849), caracterizada por uma concha de tamanho médio, globosa, última volta inflada recobre as voltas anteriores, abertura estreita e alongada, superfície interna próximo à base da concha com três plicas ou dobras e a ornamentação externa consiste em linhas de crescimento finas. Análises tafonômicas indicaram que as conchas passaram por processos diagenéticos tais como dissolução, recristalização e compactação. Essa espécie ocorre no Albiano inferior (Cretáceo Inferior) dos Estados Unidos e Albiano superior de Sergipe (Brasil), México, Angola e Nigéria, em depósitos de plataformas carbonáticas e ambientes costeiros. Em Sergipe, P. dolium fez parte de uma comunidade monoespecífica de gastrópodes, provavelmente tinha modo de vida epifaunal, habitava ambientes marinhos rasos de plataforma, lagunar, e eram comedores de depósitos ou filtradores.
Orientation and Residual Stress Distributions in Thick Melt Spun Polystyrene and Polycarbonate Filaments
Authors: Kang Ho Jong , White James L.
Published: April 2022

A study of orientation development and residual stresses in thick melt spun polystyrene filaments and polycarbonate filaments described. Linear relationships between spinline stress and mean birefringence under different melt spinning conditions were obtained. These results were used together with models of the dynamics of melt spinning to predict the characteristics of thick melt spun filaments. Birefringence distrbutions and residual stresses were computed. High orientations and compressive circumferential residual stresses were predicted at the larger radii and low orientation and tensile circumferential and radial residual stress in the fiber core are obtained. The distribution of birefringence across the thickness of thick melt spun filaments was measured by determining changes of retardation across a wedge. The birefringence distributions were correlated with severity of quench and model prediction. Thick melt spun fibers were peeled and found to have fibrillar cores.
Modelling Flow in an Intermeshing Co-rotating Twin Screw Extruder: Flow in Kneading Discs
Authors: Szydlowski W. , Brzoskowski R. , White J. L.
Published: April 2022

A model for simulation of flow in an intermeshing kneading disc region of corotating twin screw extruder is presented. This is based on hydrodynamic lubrication theory for a Newtonian fluid. Numerical procedures are used to compute the pressure distribution and flow field in the kneading disc region. The influence of staggering angle, nip clearance, screw speed and throughput rate are investigated.
Textkritik im Dienste der Wahrheitsfindung? Das VI. Ökumenische Konzil (680/81) und seine Fälschungsnachweise
Authors: Ohme Heinz
Published: April 2022

This article investigates the plausibility of the proof presented at the Sixth Ecumenical Council (680/81) to show that the Logos of Patriarch Menas (536-552) and the two letters of Pope Vigilius (537-555) were forgeries. These texts were among the most important testimonia of the so-called Monotheletes, and prove the assertion of one operation and one will in Christ long before the controversy of the seventh century. Through an analysis of the conciliar acts and other texts it is shown that the argumentation of the council was not only incoherent and self-contradictory but actually scandalous, since the evidence presented by an authentic papyrus roll of the Acts of the Fifth Council, with its clear proof of the authenticity of the Vigilius letters, was ignored. In an adoption and further development of the frequently overlooked treatment of this matter in the 1971 edition of the Acts of the Fifth Ecumenical Council (553) (ACO, ser. I, 4/1) the following is demonstrated: the discovery of the longer first edition of the Acts, containing the Vigilius letters, in the original papyrus rolls of the Acts of the Fifth Council led, from the beginning of the so-called monenergist-monothelete controversy, to the (re‐)introduction of the disputed texts into the shorter second edition contained in codices. It is indisputable that these texts are authentic.
Synergistic anti-cancer effects of Nigella sativa seed oil and conventional cytotoxic agent against human breast cancer
Authors: Baig Waheed A. , Alwosaibai Kholoud , Al-Jubran Khalid M. , Chaudhry Tariq M. , Al-Dowish Nouf , Alsaffar Fatimah , Alam Md Anzar
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed invasive non-skin malignancy in women worldwide, and it is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in them. Nigella sativa Linn. seed oil has been found to be effective in cancer treatment as well as having anti-cancer properties in some other types of cancers. The study looked into the synergistic cytotoxic effects of N. sativa Linn. seed oil and doxorubicin in the treatment of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7).

Methods

Nigella sativa Linn. seed oil was used to evaluate its effect on human breast cancer cells, either alone or in conjunction with doxorubicin. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) tests were used to examine cell proliferation and cell viability, while phase-contrast inverted microscopy was used to examine cellular morphology. Furthermore, the role of N. sativa seed oil in decreasing cell tumorigenicity features was highlighted by testing the cancer cell migration using the wound healing assay.

Results

Results showed that higher concentrations (50 μg/mL) of N. sativa Linn. seed oil changed the breast cancer cell morphology and decreased the cell proliferation and viability. Breast cancer cells treated with black seed oil decreased cell movement after 24 hours compared to the untreated cell in the wound healing assay. Whereas, only the higher concentration of doxorubicin (0.5–2.5 μg/mL) reduced cell proliferation and cell viability. Moreover, the combination treatment of 50 μg/mL of black seed oil with different concentrations of doxorubicin caused a significant cell proliferation reduction and decreased cell viability. The activity was seen optimum at lower concentration (0.1 µg/mL) of doxorubicin.

Conclusions

There was decreased cell proliferation and cell viability when N. sativa seed oil was used alone or in conjunction with doxorubicin in Breast cancer cells (MCF-7) revealing potential opportunities in the field of cancer treatment.
Facile route of synthesis of silver nanoparticles templated bacterial cellulose, characterization, and its antibacterial application
Authors: Mutiara Tintin , Sulistyo Hary , Fahrurrozi Moh. , Hidayat Muslikhin
Published: April 2022

Bacterial cellulose (BC) produced from coconut water, commonly known as nata de coco, is a biopolymer with enormous properties. Compared to plant cellulose, BC has better mechanical strength and a greater degree of polymerization. BC’s high purity and high porosity make it a suitable candidate for the embedding and dispersion template for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This study investigated a facile and scalable method of making BC from coconut water and impregnated them with AgNO3 solution to produce AgNPs templated BC. The resulting materials were characterized by Fourier transform infra-Red (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The thermal stability was also investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The antibacterial activity of AgNPs templated BC was challenged in cultures of gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and showed an inhibition zone of growth in agar media. This study proves that the resulting AgNPs templated BC sheets are potential materials for antibacterial and industrial application that are low cost and easy to produce.
Preparation of the micro-size flake silver powders by using a micro-jet reactor
Authors: Li Jun , Li Na , Wan Xiaoxi , Tian Shihong , Liu Jianhua , Xu Lei , Wang Qin , Ju Shaohua
Published: April 2022

The micro-size flake silver powders were prepared through wet-chemical reduction method by using a micro-jet reactor. Herein ascorbic acid was used as a reducing agent, and sulfuric acid was used as a stabilizer. And the lauric acid was used as a dispersing agent to prevent particles’ agglomeration. The micro-jet reactor collides the two solutions together and uniformly mixes outside the reactor, to avoid the problem of clogging in the microchannel. The effects of dispersant addition and micro-jet flow rate on the morphology, particle size, and other parameters of silver powder is investigated in the present work. Interestingly, the addition of dispersant agent and stabilizer have a significant impact on the morphology and parameter of the silver particles. Under the conditions of micro-jet flow rate of 50 mL·min−1, sulfuric acid addition amount of 2%, and lauric acid addition amount of 0.8% by the weight of silver nitrate, a kind of flake silver powders with 4.40–4.70 μm can be prepared. The volume resistivity of the silver paste prepared from the obtained flake silver powders is in the range of 1.4–1.6 × 10−4 Ω·cm−1, which meets the application test requirements of conductive silver paste.
Reviewing the status and demise of the Endangered Eld’s deer and identifying priority sites and conservation actions in Cambodia
Authors: Ladd Rachel , Crouthers Rachel , Brook Sarah , Eames Jonathan C.
Published: April 2022

Eld’s deer (Rucervus eldi) was once widely distributed across Southeast Asia, however the species is now listed as Endangered, having suffered severe population declines and range contractions. Cambodia has been considered a strong hold for the Eld’s deer subspeciesR. e. siamensis, however there is limited population data available for this species within Cambodia, making its status unclear. Here, we collated all records of Eld’s deer presence between 2000 and 2020 to provide an insight into the current status of the species in Cambodia. Data was sourced through literature review as well as the internal databases of conservation organisations and biodiversity surveys. Our findings reveal that very small, spatially isolated populations of Eld’s deer are now largely restricted to nine areas in the eastern and northern parts of the country and that urgent conservation action is required to secure the future of this species in Cambodia. Effective law enforcement and anti-hunting strategies, implementation of management plans within protected areas as well as investigation into the potential of captive populations to support the conservation of Eld’s deer in the wild are essential for preserving this species.
The stability with general decay rate of hybrid stochastic fractional differential equations driven by Lévy noise with impulsive effects
Authors: Hou Tingting , Zhang Hui
Published: April 2022

In this paper, our aims are to study the stability with general decay rate of hybrid stochastic fractional differential equations driven by Lévy noise with impulsive effects. Using Lyapunov function, nonnegative semi-martingale convergence theorem, we obtain the almost sure stability with general decay rate, including the exponential stability and the polynomial stability. Moreover, we give an upper bound of each coefficient at any mode according to the theory of M-matrix. Finally, one example is given to show the effectiveness of the obtained theory.
Der Weg zur Wiederaufnahme – Eine Expertenbefragung zum Vorfeld von Wiederaufnahmeverfahren
Authors: Leve Mona , Otzipka Jana , Volbert Renate
Published: April 2022

Mittels einer Expertenbefragung wurden Informationen zum Vorfeld von Wiederaufnahmeanträgen erhoben. Hierfür wurden erstmals beide gesetzlich vorgesehenen Antragsteller:innen von Wiederaufnahmeanträgen – 10 Strafverteidiger:innen sowie 11 Staatsanwält:innen – zu ihren Erfahrungen mit Wiederaufnahmeanträgen befragt.Es ließen sich drei unterschiedliche Problemkonstellationen identifizieren: a) mögliche Verurteilung von Unschuldigen, b) möglicher Freispruch von Schuldigen, c) mögliche fehlerhafte Rechtsfolgen (Anträge zugunsten von Verurteilten), bei denen die Täterschaft des Verurteilten nicht in Frage steht. Strafverteidiger:innen bezogen sich ausschließlich auf die Konstellation a); Staatsanwält:innen berichteten überwiegend über Erfahrungen mit Konstellation c), in dieser Befragtengruppe fanden sich aber Erfahrungen mit allen drei Konstellationen.Nach den Ergebnissen der vorliegenden Befragungen streben Staatsanwält:nnen nach Rechtskraft eines Urteils in der Regel keine weiteren Ermittlungen an, sondern werden mit Wiederaufnahmeanträgen dann aktiv, wenn ein eindeutiger Wiederaufnahmegrund (z. B. unerkannte Doppelverfolgung, fehlerhafte Gesamtstrafenbildung) bereits vorliegt. Von der Mehrzahl der Strafverteidiger:innen wurden fehlerhafte Sachverständigengutachten und eine unkritische Würdigung der Gutachten durch die Gerichte als häufige Fehlerquelle angegeben; als weitere häufige Fehlerquelle wurden falsche Zeugenaussagen genannt. Solchen Wiederaufnahmeanträgen müssen oft Ermittlungen vorausgehen, um neue Beweismittel bzw. Tatsachen zu finden oder zu schaffen.Der Zugang zu Wiederaufnahmeverfahren für Verurteilte ist nach den Ergebnissen der Befragung aktuell insbesondere durch Probleme der Finanzierung (sowohl der anwaltlichen Tätigkeit als auch von Ermittlungstätigkeiten inklusive neuer Sachverständigengutachten) und dem Umstand, dass nur wenige Strafverteidiger:innen über spezialisiertes Wissen zum Wiederaufnahmerecht verfügen, erschwert.Die Regelungen der §§ 359, 362 StPO wurden von den meisten Befragten in beiden Expertengruppen nicht prinzipiell kritisiert, sondern als zweckmäßig erachtet. Von Seiten der Strafverteidiger:innen wurde jedoch eine restriktive Handhabung und Rechtsprechung beklagt. Ferner wurden Reformen außerhalb des Wiederaufnahmerechts vorgeschlagen, die den Nachweis einer Fehlverurteilung erleichtern, wie eine audio(visuelle) Protokollierung der Hauptverhandlung.
Design automation of photonic resonator weights
Authors: Ferreira de Lima Thomas , Doris Eli A. , Bilodeau Simon , Zhang Weipeng , Jha Aashu , Peng Hsuan-Tung , Blow Eric C. , Huang Chaoran , Tait Alexander N. , Shastri Bhavin J. , Prucnal Paul R.
Published: April 2022

Neuromorphic photonic processors based on resonator weight banks are an emerging candidate technology for enabling modern artificial intelligence (AI) in high speed analog systems. These purpose-built analog devices implement vector multiplications with the physics of resonator devices, offering efficiency, latency, and throughput advantages over equivalent electronic circuits. Along with these advantages, however, often come the difficult challenges of compensation for fabrication variations and environmental disturbances. In this paper, we review sources of variation and disturbances from our experiments, as well as mathematically define quantities that model them. Then, we introduce how the physics of resonators can be exploited to weight and sum multiwavelength signals. Finally, we outline automated design and control methodologies necessary to create practical, manufacturable, and high accuracy/precision resonator weight banks that can withstand operating conditions in the field. This represents a road map for unlocking the potential of resonator weight banks in practical deployment scenarios.
Nietzsche, Plato and Aristotle on Priests and Moneymakers
Authors: Safronov Dmitri
Published: April 2022

Having started with a harsh critique of the “contemptible money economy” (UM III, SE 4), Nietzsche subsequently travelled back in time in order to discern the origins of its values and to formulate goals that would “transcend money and money-making” (UM III, SE 6). Having traced the “greed of the moneymaker” back to theressentimentof the “ascetic priest” (GM III 10–5), Nietzsche’s genealogical inquiry culminated in his discussion of the slave revolt in morality. A particular feature pertaining respectively to the domains of material debts and moral guilt was their reliance on an enduring revaluation of values. The manner in which Nietzsche connects the moneymaker’s world of material debts to the priest’s domain of the slave morality reveals a number of striking structural parallels to Plato’s, and to some extent Aristotle’s, discussion of the uneasy accommodation between democracy and moneymaking. Highlighting and exploring these similarities, which remain largely overlooked in the current scholarship, adds to our understanding of Nietzsche’s undertaking.
Promoted charge separation and specific surface area via interlacing of N-doped titanium dioxide nanotubes on carbon nitride nanosheets for photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B
Authors: Lee Jong-Hoon , Mun Seong-Jun , Lee Seul-Yi , Park Soo-Jin
Published: April 2022

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been regarded as a promising catalyst owing to its superior charge transport properties in photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and photocatalytic hydrogen generation. However, a major bottleneck toward the utilization of TiO2 photocatalysts is inefficient exploitation of visible light and low adsorption behavior. To address this issue, we fabricated a hybrid nanocomposite composed of one-dimensional N-doped TiO2 nanotubes (N-TNTs) and two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (g-CNNs) to improve photocatalytic behavior. Furthermore, photogenerated electron–hole pairs in the hybrid N-TNT/g-CNN composites were efficiently separated by introducing g-CNNs. In addition, the improved specific surface area provided many active sites, resulting in higher photocatalytic reactions in kinetics. Based on these features, the Rhodamine B photocatalytic degradation efficiency was the highest, ∼85%, under solar-light irradiation in the N-TNT/g-CNN composites (7 wt% of the g-CNN content), which is two times higher than that of the N-TNT. Moreover, excellent durability and stability were observed after four cycles, which can be attributed to the extended optical absorption range and enhanced separation of the photogenerated electron–hole pairs.
A physical model for calculating cementing quality based on the XGboost algorithm
Authors: Xie Yuchen , Zhang Jingfu , Wang Jiancheng , Zhu Hujia , Xie Shuai
Published: April 2022

A physical model can be used to judge cementing quality to help drilling engineering. This article reports a physical model based on the XGboost algorithm to solve the cementing quality prediction problem of oil and gas wells. Through the physical model, the nonlinear, time-varying, and uncertain influencing factors, the high latitude of the data set, the lack of data, data imbalance and other characteristics are comprehensively analyzed. Finally, through numerical example verification, the physical model we reported can effectively predict the key factors affecting quality, improve process quality and reduce unit cost.
Electrochemical reduction of uranium and rhenium in hydrochloric acid system
Authors: Wang Yingcai , Liu Qian , Quan Meiyang , Yang Yusheng , Liu Yuhui , Dai Ying , Hua Rong , Dong Zhimin , Zhang Zhibin , Liu Yunhai
Published: April 2022

The electrochemical reduction of U(VI) and Re(VII) ions on Pt and Mo metals are discussed. The electrochemical behavior of U(VI) and Re(VII) in hydrochloric acid media was investigated using various electrochemical techniques. By analyzing the cyclic voltammogram of U(VI) and Re(VII) recorded on Pt electrode, a series of electrochemical reactions associated with uranium and rhenium were recognized, indicating that U(VI) and Re(VII) undergoes a single-step electron and multistep electron process under experimental conditions, respectively. The reduction of U(VI) and Re(VII) was found to be controlled by charge transfer and diffusion in hydrochloric acid media. The diffusion coefficient of U(VI) and Re(VII)was determined to be 4.22–5.99 × 10−6 cm2 s−1 and 1.50–2.90 × 10−5 cm2 s−1, respectively, and the activation energy for the diffusion are calculated to be 18.12 kJ mol−1 and 14.52 kJ mol−1 by cyclic voltammetry at different temperatures. The reduction process of U(VI) and Re(VII) at hydrochloric acid is further studied by potentiostatic electrolysis. It is feasible to realize the reduction of uranium and rhenium from aqueous solution by electrolysis.
Occupational safety and infection control for risk groups in the Covid-19 pandemic and the participation of employee representative bodies
Authors: Kohte Wolfhard , Busch Dörte , Rabe-Rosendahl Cathleen , Ketzmerick Thomas
Published: April 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has posed new challenges for occupational safety and health. The protection of disabled and other vulnerable employees (risk groups) is no exception. For these groups of employees, the special hazards and risks associated with the workplace must be given special consideration. This article presents our study of company practices for dealing with risk groups, with particular reference to remote working constellations, and shows that the involvement of employee representative bodies has a positive impact on the scope and quality of protective measures. However, the low level of involvement of employee representatives in the planning and implementation of protective measures is problematic. The results are from an online survey of 1543 representatives of works and staff councils and representatives of severely disabled people in Germany.
Clustering zur Bestimmung von Werkzeugverschleiß
Authors: Brecher Christian , Lohrmann Vincent , Wiesch Marian , Fey Marcel
Published: April 2022

Eine Haupteinflussgröße in der zerspanenden Produktion ist der Verschleißzustand der eingesetzten Werkzeuge. Durch die prozessparallele Ermittlung des Verschleißes können Werkzeuge optimal ausgenutzt werden ohne die Bauteilqualität negativ zu beeinflussen oder Maschinenstillstände zu verursachen. In diesem Artikel wird ein Ansatz vorgestellt, der durch Kombination von Prozessdaten und Verhaltensmodellen bereichsgültige Verhaltenscluster für eine übertragbare Ermittlung von Werkzeugverschleiß aufbaut.
Nutzungskonzept für Digitale Zwillinge von Produktionssystemen
Authors: Overbeck Leonard , Rose Alexander , May Marvin , Lanza Gisela
Published: April 2022

Ereignisdiskrete Ablaufsimulationen haben sich als digitales Planungswerkzeug in komplexen Produktionssystemen etabliert und werden zunehmend zu realitätsnahen Digitalen Zwillingen von Produktionssystemen weiterentwickelt. Die langfristig erfolgreiche Nutzung Digitaler Zwillinge in der Produktionsplanung erfordert eine systematische Integration in die bestehende Organisation und Planungsprozesse. Dieser Beitrag präsentiert und erprobt hierfür ein schrittweises Vorgehensmodell, das die Erarbeitung von Nutzergruppen, eines funktionsübergreifenden Interaktionszyklus sowie nutzerorientierter KPI-Visualisierungen unterstützt.
Kostenvorteile durch adaptive Prüfplanung
Authors: Denkena Berend , Wichmann Marcel , Reuter Leon
Published: April 2022

Dieser Fachbeitrag stellt einen neuartigen Ansatz der adaptiven Prüfplanung vor, welcher durch die Anwendung virtueller Qualitätsprüfungen eine gezielte, fertigungsparallele Anpassung des Prüfplans erlaubt. Durch die Reduktion von bereits eindeutig geprüften Merkmalen ergibt sich ein erhebliches Potenzial zur Senkung von Prüfaufwänden und -kosten innerhalb der industriellen Qualitätssicherung. Eine erste Parameterstudie demonstriert den Einfluss verschiedener Faktoren auf das virtuelle Prüfergebnis und die Prüfdauer.
Nach fest kommt lose – zu komplex für Qualität?
Authors: Sommerhoff Benedikt
Published: April 2022

Billigst, schnellstmöglich, bestmöglich, das ist die pauschale Forderung der Märkte und der Kunden an Anbieter von Produkten. Diese Forderungen ziehen sich durch die gesamte Lieferkette. Die enormen Technologiesprünge und Innovationen der letzten Jahre haben uns hierfür neue Möglichkeiten verschafft. Sie haben aber auch die Erwartungshalten der Kunden geprägt: alles ist möglich, jetzt sofort. Gleichzeitig ist die Belastungsgrenze vieler Infrastrukturen erreicht oder sogar überschritten. Schon kleine Störungen eskalieren zu Produktfehlern, Prozess- oder Lieferkettenunterbrechungen, erst recht die großen durch Wetterextreme, Kriege, Sanktionen und Ressourcenknappheit. Längst brechen in vielen Branchen Verfügbarkeit und Qualität von Produkten ein. Die Produktionsstätten können durch ihren Anteil an der Qualitätssicherung die durch zu viel Komplexität entstehenden Qualitätseinbrüche nicht mehr kompensieren. Wir brauchen dringend Konzepte für die Reduktion dieser Komplexität.
Structural and shielding properties of the tellurite-tungsten glass matrix with addition zinc fluoride
Authors:   Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia, Alzuhair A. Z. , Alqahtani M. S. ,   Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia, Alkulib A. J. ,   Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia, Hussein K. I. ,   Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia, Reben M. ,   Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH – University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland, Yousef E. ,   Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Postcode: 9004, Zip code: 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia
Published: April 2022

In this study, we reported the radiation protection characteristics of TeO2-WO3-ZnF2 glass systems with different compositions. The composition of the glasses are (0.8 - x) TeO2– 0.2WO3–xZnF2, 0.7TeO2-0.1WO3-0.2-ZnF2 and 0.6TeO2-0.15WO3-0.25ZnF2 (where x = 0.1,0.2,0.3). The radiation shielding parameters including mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), half value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), tenth value layer (TVL), effective atomic number (Zeff), effective electron number (Neff), and atomic and electronic cross sections (ACS and ECS) have been determined for the prepared glasses against a broad range of ionizing energy between 0.015 and 15 MeV. The structure of the prepared glasses was investigated by using Raman spectra. It obtained that, the incorporation of WO3 into the TeO2 glass network causes the creation of W–O–W connections, while Te–O–W linkages with greater electronic polarizability improve the glass network's connectedness. The study demonstrates that the TeO2-WO3- ZnF2 glass system can be utilized for radiation protection against ionizing radiation in a variety of medical and technical applications.
Effect of substrate temperature on some optical properties of SnO:ZnS4, SnO:CoS4 SnO:CuS4 and SnO:Cr3+ thin films deposited using spray pyrolysis technique
Authors:   Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Elekwa C. A. , Ukwu C. N. ,   Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, P.M.B. 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Agbo P. E. ,   Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Ozibo O. C. ,   Ebonyi State University Abakaliki
Published: April 2022

Tin oxide (SnO) thin films is one of the most extremely studied oxides because of its usefulness in UV-detector. SnO is known for wide bandgap of 3.6eV which makes it a good candidate for window layers in heterjunction solar cells. Transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) exhibits unique properties such as high conversion efficiency, good absorption coefficient and good bandgap energy which make their thin films versatile as a coating materials. Spray pyrolysis have been used to deposit SnO (core), SnO/ZnS, SnO/CrS, SnO/CoS and SnO/CuS (biphasic) at 0.1M concentration and different substrate temperatures of 100oC, 150oC and 200oC. The effect of varying substrate temperatures on the optical and structural properties of the SnO (core) and SnO/TMCs (biphasic) films were examined and analysed. The result showed that the optical transmittance decreased with increase in substrate temperature for SnO (core). The result showed that the absorbance of the SnO thin films at various substrate temperatures vary from 0.10 – 0.7. For the biphasic films, SnO/ZnS, SnO/CrS, SnO/CoS and SnO/CuS the absorbance decreases in the neighbourhood of 300nm-350nm, increases from 350nm-600nm and decreases between 600-100nm for the different substrate temperature of 100oC, 150oC and 200oC. The reflectance spectra of SnO films were found fluctuating between maxima and minima while biphasic films altered the reflectance which showed very low reflectance as observed. The bandgap energy for SnO are 2.00eV, 2.10eV, and 2.20eV at 100oC, 150oC and 200oC substrate temperature. The energy band gap increased with substrate temperature. Whereas for biphasic films, the bandgap was in the neighourhood of 1.10eV1.60eV for the different substrate temperature. The extinction coefficient (k) of SnO films increased with increase in substrate temperature while in biphasic films, the extinction coefficient showed significant reduction in magnitude irrespective of the substrate temperature. The refractive index of all the film samples were generally low irrespective of the substrate temperature. The films:SnO and biphasic displayed low value of dielectric constant irrespective of the substrate temperature. The result equally reveals that the optical conductivity for SnO decreases with increase in the substrate temperature.
Contribution to the study of a CdS / CZTS-based solar cell with a gradual BSF layer
Authors:   Laboratory for the Development of Renewable Energies and their Applications in Saharan Areas (LDERAS), Faculty of Exact Sciences, University TAHRI Mohammed Béchar, Hemmani A. , Merah B. ,   Laboratory for the Development of Renewable Energies and their Applications in Saharan Areas (LDERAS), Faculty of Exact Sciences, University TAHRI Mohammed Béchar, Khachab H. ,   Laboratory for the Development of Renewable Energies and their Applications in Saharan Areas (LDERAS), Faculty of Exact Sciences, University TAHRI Mohammed Béchar
Published: April 2022

Thin-film solar cells are currently the subject of several research works aimed at achieving the best relationship between energy and cost efficiency. The objective of this work is to improve the performance of a thin film solar cell based on CdS / CZTS by introducing a gradual layer on the back surface (Back Surface Field) in order to reduce the recombination losses in the back face and therefore increase the efficiency of photovoltaic conversion. The results obtained show that the addition of a back surface field (BSF) has a remarkable influence on the characteristics and the electrical performance of the solar cell. This results into an improvement in the values of the short-circuit current and of the opencircuit voltage, as well as the conversion efficiency with acceptable quantities. This study shows that, for an absorbent layer thickness of 2.42 µm, the BSF layer improves the photovoltaic conversion efficiency from 16.93% (cell without BSF) to 18.5% (for a cell with BSF).
Yb/WO3/Ga2S3/Au multifunctional electronic hybrid devices fabricated as tunneling diodes, MOSFETS, microwave resonators and 5G band pass/reject filters
Authors:   Department of Physics, Arab American University, Jenin, Palestine, Qasrawi A. F. , Abu Alrub S. N. ,   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Istinye University, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
Published: April 2022

Herein, Tungsten trioxide-gallium sulfide heterojunctions which are prepared by the thermal evaporation technique under a vacuum pressure of 10-5 mbar are employed as active media to fabricate a multifunctional device. The WO3/Ga2S3 (WG) heterojunctions which are deposited onto Yb substrates and top contacted with Au pads of areas of 1.5× 10 −2 cm2 displayed electronic hybrid device structure composed of two Schottky arms connected to a 𝑝𝑛 junction. The constructed Yb/WG/Au devices showed tunneling diode characteristics with current conduction dominated by thermionic emission and quantum mechanical tunneling. In additions, the capacitance-voltage characteristic curves indicated the formation of PMOS and NMOS under reverse and forwards biasing conditions demonstrating a metal oxide semiconductor fields effect (MOSFET) transistor characteristics. Moreover, the impedance spectroscopy tests on the devices have shown that the device can perform as tunable microwave resonator suitable for 5G technologies. The resonator showed frequency based capacitance tunability and displayed microwave band pass/reject filter characteristics. The microwave cutoff frequency of the Yb/WG/Au band filters reaches 9.65 GHz with voltage standing wave ratios of 1.06 and return loss factor of ~29 dB.