bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Open laryngeal fracture: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Sarıgül Burak Ulkumen , Celik Onur , Sahin Nevin
Published: February 2025

Laryngeal fracture is a rare and life threatening entity which is caused by blunt or penetrating neck trauma. Majority of laryngeal fractures are closed type and caused by blunt neck trauma. They frequently left underdiagnosed due to their closed nature and accompanying multisystem trauma. Besides, open laryngeal fracture is exceptional and seen particularly in penetrating neck traumas like gunshot injuries. We describe an unusual case of open laryngeal fracture in which the patient was totally breathing from the wound as if a coniotomy had done.
A 23-year-old male presented to the emergency department after getting involved in a motorcycle accident resulting with a blunt injury to the neck. The patient was breathing from a horizontal open neck wound below the level of the thyroid cartilage. Computed tomography revealed a laryngeal fracture involving thyroid, cricoid and the first ring of trachea. Given the extent of the injury, a laryngeal reconstruction was done. 6 weeks after surgery he had no stridor, with evidence of full vocal cord mobility on both sides.
Early diagnosis is indispensable because it may cause acute airway compromise or significant long term squeal like dysphonia, aspiration, airway stenosis and tracheoesophageal fistula. In laryngeal fracture cases trans-oral intubation may lead irremediable results especially in comminuted fractures or if there’s arytenoid dislocation. Thus, in suspicion of laryngeal fracture associated with airway compromise one should always discuss tracheotomy rather than trans-oral intubation
A dangerous joke: Colon perforation by an air compressor
Authors: Hazar Erkan , Kayipmaz Afsin Emre , Coskun Abuzer , Ozbay Sedat , Okur Osman Mahir , Ozkan Ilham , Eren Sevki Hakan , Kavalci Cemil
Published: February 2025

The most dangerous complication of air entry into rectum at a high volume and velocity in a short time are sigmoid colon rupture and pneumoperitoneum.
We present a 28-year-old male was brought to emergency with abdominal nausea, vomiting, pain, and abdominal swelling for 4 hours. Based on physical examination and laboratory data the patient was taken to operating theatre for suspected acute appendicitis. On exploration an excessive amount of gas distention was observed in whole colon with caecum being more distended. There were serosal linear defects that were bleeding, with the largest being 3-4 cm, mainly in rectum. Larger defects were primarily closed. A more detailed patient history was taken and it was found out that he was pumped high-pressure air by an air compressor into his anus while joking with his friends.
Air compressor abuse is one of the non-iatrogenic causes of barotrauma to colon. It usually occurs while working mates are joking with each other. In the rare cases where the cause of acute abdomen remains unclear it would be prudent to question the trauma history and use of an air compressor.
Prevalence of HIV infection in young male candidates scheduled for military recruitment and whole population in Turkey
Authors: Tok Duran , Turhan Vedat , Ozenc Salim , Karagoz Ergenekon , Mert Gurkan
Published: February 2025

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the epidemiology and recent incidence of HIV infection among young male candidates scheduled for military recruitment and whole young population in Turkey, a country previously known as markedly low prevalence of HIV infection.
Materials and Methods: In the present study, the medical records from respective health institutions between the years 2007 and 2013 of male candidates scheduled for recruitment  from recruitment offices serving under the National Defence Ministry of Turkish Republic, diagnosed with HIV infection and as such judged as unfit for service were requested. 
Results: While the total number of new HIV/AIDs cases in 2000 was 157, a fourfold increase (589) was recorded in the year 2010, and reaching 1,068 by the year 2012.  Considering, data from the national statistics, in the year 2013 (including the month of November), a total of 7050 HIV positive cases were reported and of all the cases 4,931 (72%) consisted of males. At the same time, an important part of this group falls into the 18-45 year group category.
Conclusion: As a conclusion, the prevalence of HIV infection in Turkey remains still low as compared to that of current global figures but the case numbers of HIV positive candidates of recruits and young people in the whole population are increasing alarmingly in significant manner due to every new coming year. So, programs targeted at identifying high risk groups and increasing the testing rates and preventive measures about HIV infection  should be improved and developed
A Case of Crohn’s Disease Admitted with Acute Abdomen Pain
Authors: Appak Yeliz Cagan , Dogan Guzide , Tarhan Serdar , Ayhan Semin , Kasirga Erhun
Published: February 2025

Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory disorder and may affect any part of gastrointestinal tract. The signs and symptoms of Crohn’s disease are similar to many other abdominal disorders. Crohn’s disease does not typically present as an acute abdomen. However, Crohn’s disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with abdominal pain, especially relevant to patients with a long history of vague abdominal complaints and those with unexplained weight loss or growth retardation. In this case report, we present such a patient of acute abdomen admitted to us after appendectomy and diagnosed Crohn’s disease finally.
A Child with Hallermann-Streiff Syndrome; as an Infrequent Cause of Hypotrichosis and Cataract
Authors: Kaba Sultan , Dogan Murat , Ceylan Nesrin , Bulan Keziban , Demir Nihat , Dogan Sekibe Zehra , Kocaman Selami
Published: February 2025

In present case report, four-months-old boy who referred to our pediatric endocrinology outpatient clinic from department of ophthalmology due to evaluation of endocrine and metabolic disorders for cataract was discussed. The characterized features of patient were hypotrichosis, microphthalmia, nystagmus, strabismus, congenital cataract, beaked nose, micrognathia,scaphocephaly, frontal and parietal bossing. The case has typical dysmorphic physical examination findings that appropriate diagnostic features to rare Hallermann-Streiff syndrome.
Types of herniated discs and outcomes of lumbar microsurgical discectomy with extended foraminotomy among young Turkish army personnel
Authors: Eroğlu Ahmet , Günaydın Ahmet , Göçmen Selçuk , Pusat Serhat , Atabey Cem
Published: February 2025

Objective: The present study is conducted to evaluate the findings of lumbar disc disease among the young adults who are under hard physical conditions in military service.
Materials and Methods: Data of 454 lumbar disc hernia patients who underwent microsurgical discectomy have been analyzed retrospectively. Patients’ age, predisposing factors, duration of symptoms, levels of disc hernia, intraoperative findings, Visual Analog Scores (VAS), and Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (ODI) data were reviewed from hospital records.
Results: All patients had severe radiculopathy. The 78% of the patients were smokers. Nevertheless, all recurrent disc patients (100%, n = 14) were heavy smokers. Majority of the patients (n = 424, 95%) had problem in just one vertebral point and the most common affected vertebral section was L4-L5 (n = 287, 59%). Disc herniation was centrolaterally placed in 94% (n = 425) patients. The mean VAS and ODI scores at final follow-up were 1.52 and 13.25 points with a reduction from a mean preoperative 7.08 and 60.45 points, (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: Posterior longitudinal ligaments were intact and mostly centrolateral and subligamentous disc herniation were shown in young adult army personals. The comparable effect of smoking on microvascular circulation at the operation site may be effective on recurrence.
The effects of progressive relaxation method on the patients applied total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Çınar Halise , Çam Rahşan
Published: February 2025

Objective: The aim of this quasi-experimental study is to depict the effects of progressive relaxation method on the patients who were applied total knee prosthesis.
Material and Methods: The findings of the study were obtained from the patients who applied to Adnan Menderes University Research and Practice Hospital, Clinic of Orthopedics and Traumatology with the diagnosis of gonarthros in October 2014–February 2015.Sample of the study was consisted of 80 patients; 40 in experimental group and 40 in control group. The study findings were collected via patient information forms which showed the patients’ introductive information, and via Visual Analogue Scale in which independent variables of stable-ongoing anxiety inventory were investigated.
Results: According to the results, experimental group patients’ age mean was analyzed as X=62.27±7.98, and control group patients’ X=62.35±9.80. 70% of the experimental group patients were female, and 75%  of the control group patients were female, 50% of the patients in the experimental group were found to have any chronicle ilness; 62.5%  of them had operation experience in the past; 60% used adjuvant tools; 62.5% used their own techniques to overcome the pain when emerged; and body-mass index mean was X=27.62±3.75. 67.5% of the patients in the control group were found to have any chronicle illness; 60% of them had operation experience in the past;76.2% used adjuvant tools;72.5% used their own techniques to overcome the pain when emerged; and body-mass index mean was X=29.57±5.10.
Conclusion: It is considered that progressive relaxation method which was applied to patients has a positive effect on decreasing the post-operative pain and anxiety.
The problems of patients with stoma and its effects on daily living activities
Authors: Özşaker Esma , Yeşilyaprak Tuğce
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the problems of individuals with stoma and its effects on the daily life activities
Material and Methods: The study was conducted individuals with at least one month's stoma, agreed to participate in the study, over the age of 18 years, between January 1 and June 1, 2016 in individuals attending a General Surgery Clinic of a University. In the study, used survey form was prepared by the researchers in the direction of the literature.
Results: The mean age of patients was 56.67±11.07 and 70.4% were male. When social lives of the individuals were examined after stoma, it was found that 22.2% of them prevented the daily activities of the stoma, 14.8% of them had changed in their family, friends and neighbors relations, The 7.42% were embarrassed due to stoma, The 27.8% of them went to liquid beverage restriction, The 16.7% have decreased appetite due to smell. No statistically significant difference was found between the sexes, pre-stoma education status, stoma type and stoma duration according to daily life activities, nutritional status, mental status, dressing and social life (p> 0,005).
Conclusion: It has been determined that stoma influences social life together with mental problems at individuals and restricts their daily activities.
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia presenting as plasma cell leukemia associated with hyperviscosity syndrome
Authors: Çiftçiler Rafiye , Sağlam Arzu , Aladağ Elifcan , Haznedaroğlu İbrahim Celalettin
Published: February 2025

Objective: Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare indolent neoplastic disease characterized by a wide range of clinical presentations related to the direct tumor infiltration. The disease is characterized by monoclonal immunoglobulin M protein in the serum and infiltration of bone marrow with lymphoplasmacytic cells.
Case report: We, herein, present an unusual case of WM. A 77-year-old woman admitted to the hospital with fatigue, anorexia, and fever. She had white blood cell elevation and splenomegaly. The patient had no peripheral lymphadenopathy. A large number of plasmablast-like cells were seen in the peripheral blood smear. Laboratory studies revealed a white blood cell count of 54.8 × 103/µl, hemoglobin level of 8.2 g/dl and platelet count was 120 × 103/µl. The diagnosis of WM was established after immunohistochemical analysis of the patient's bone marrow that revealed the presence of a lymphoid/lymphoplasmacytoid-like bone marrow infiltrate along with an elevated serum IgM level. The patient responded to the chemotherapy both clinically and serologically. This case is unusual since numerous plasmablast like cells were seen in peripheral blood smear like plasma cell leukemia at the admission to the hospital.
Conclusion: This is the case report of a patient with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia presenting like plasma cell leukemia in the first admission adding to the spectrum of clinical presentations seen in this disease. This adds to the wide variety of clinical presentations of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia.
A retrospective study for the effect of local ozone injection for treatment of musculoskeletal disorders
Authors: Ata Emre
Published: February 2025

Objective: Aim of this study is to examine the effect of local ozone application on pain in patients who applied to physical medicine and rehabilitation outpatient clinic with knee, shoulder and back pain problems.
Material and Methods: The research was performed by retrospectively investigating records of the patients who consulted the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation outpatient clinic of our hospital with the complaints about knee, shoulder and low-back pain, who met the inclusion criteria and were applied local (intraarticular or intramuscular) ozone as per the routine protocol. The study was conducted with 25 patients A total of 4 sessions of ozone were administered once weekly. Patients were evaluated using VAS (visual analogue scale) at 3 and 5 weeks.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 57.62 ± 17 (33-97). 64% of the patients had knee pain, 20% had shoulder pain and 16% had back pain. The mean VAS score was 7.44 ± 0.91 before treatment, 5.04 ± 1.45 at 3 weeks, and 3.92 ± 1.57 at 5th week.
Conclusion: Statistically significant improvement was observed in VAS scores according to pre-treatment.
Effect and reliability of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on neuropathic pain, depressive symptoms in stroke patients: Preliminary Study
Authors: Türkan Turgay  , Akaltun Mazlum Serdar , Turan Neytullah , Şahin Şengül Kocamer , Altındağ Özlem
Published: February 2025

Objective:  In this paper, we aimed to evaluate the effect of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) on central pain in patients with stroke.
Material and Methods: Ten patients who had a stroke history were included in this preliminary study. Patients with middle cerebral artery lesion, first-time stroke, subacute or chronic lesion and no other neurological involvement were included. Patients were examined before and after the first month of treatment with repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS). Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used for pain scale measurement; Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs Scale (LANSS) and Douleur Neuropathique en 4 Questions (DN4) were used for neuropathic pain level and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for depressive mood. All patients received the current treatments and appropriate neurorehabilitation as recommended for the treatment of ischemic stroke
Results: This prospective study included a total of 10 post-stroke patients (mean age 58.2 ± 16.1 years; range 29 to 75, 8 male; 2 female) with neuropathic pain. The mean values of VAS, LANSS, DN4 and BDI scales were significantly decreased after rTMS treatment in all patients.
Conclusion: We discussed the preliminary results of the efficacy and safety of rTMS in the treatment of uncontrolled neuropathic pain. We consider that, rTMS may have significant effect on relief of chronic pain. These clinical parameters can be utilized for the further study of rTMS application in pain control.
A case of primary malignant melanoma of the larynx
Authors: Kaya Özge , Kahraman Dudu Solakoğlu , Diniz Gülden , Demir Gönül
Published: February 2025

Objective:  Malignant melanoma of the larynx is an uncommon tumor type that can be seen as a primary tumor or as a metastasis from a cutaneous primary lesion.  Morphological appearances of this tumor are readily confused with the other types of laryngeal cancers.  A new case of primary laryngeal malignant melanoma has been presented in this case report .
Case: The patient was a 54-year-old man without any clinical evidence of other cutaneous malignant melanocytic lesions. Microscopically, polygonal-epithelioid tumor cells containing cytoplasmic and nuclear melanin were located under the mucosal squamous epithelial cells. Atypical mitotic figures were also present. Ulceration and disruption of the epithelium weren’t observed. Immunohistochemical studies were positive for S100, HMB-45, Melan-A and vimentin while it was negative for cytokeratin. Based on findings this diagnosis was established.
Anesthesia management in a patient with Zellweger syndrome
Authors: Kılınç Gökhan
Published: February 2025

Objective: Zellweger syndrome (ZS) is an autosomal recessive disorder in the spectrum of peroxisome biogenesis disorders including punctate and is defined as cerebrohepatorenal syndrome due to multiple congenital anomalies including brain, liver and kidneys. We wanted to draw attention to this issue by sharing our anesthetic experiences in a child with Zellweger syndrome.
Case: Appendectomy was planned by pediatric surgery in a 4 year old and 16 kg male patient who was diagnosed as Zellweger syndrome. Physical examination revealed large forehead, large tongue, small chinhypotony, mental motor retardation, and hepatosplenomegaly. Following the introduction of routine monitors, anesthesia were induced intravenously and maintained with sevoflurane in an 50% oxygen- 50% air mixture. The patient was intubated and ventilated with a safe pressure control mode. The patient was hemodynamically stable during surgery. After spontaneous breathing of the patient, extubation was applied smoothly.
Conclusion: Zellweger syndrome includes alarming features for the anesthesiologist. Before any procedure, the pulmonary condition should be carefully evaluated. Hepatic dysfunction may lead to a change in the metabolism of drugs based on hypoalbuminemia, coagulopathy and liver pathways. Since liver dysfunction may lead to coagulopathy, caution should be exercised when applying regional anesthesia techniques.
Sudden hearing loss due to bee sting: A rare case
Authors: Yıldız Erkan , Kahveci Orhan Kemal
Published: February 2025

Objective: Sudden hearing loss (SHl); Define as, at least 30 dB sensorineural hearing loss in 3 consecutive frequencies. In general, idiopathic, viral and vascular causes are at the forefront. Local or systemic hypersensitivity reactions due to insect bites such as bee sting may occur. Sudden hearing loss is a more unknown finding in the literature due to bee sting. The first choice in treatment is systemic or local corticosteroid uses.
Case: In this case report, the patient who had bilateral sudden hearing loss following bee sting and treatment approaches have been presented.
The Effects of EGFR Exon 19 747–750 Deletion on the Risk of Developing Lung Cancer
Authors: Ertural Duygu Yolal , Nayır Erdinç , Arpacı Rabia Bozdoğan , Eker Ebru Derici , Eras Nazan , Yıldırım Didem Derici , Akbaş Etem
Published: February 2025

Objective: Although smoking is the most significant factor in the etiology of lung cancer, other environmental pollutants and genetic predisposition also play major roles in its development. Histopathologically, lung cancers are divided into two major types, as small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The latter accounts for almost 85% of all lung cancers with a very aggressive course and being associated with a high rate of mortality. Among the genetic mutations with prognostic value in NSCLC, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation is most frequently found in 50 to 80% of cases. The EGFR is a transmembrane glycoprotein with tyrosine kinase activity which is associated with both normal cell growth and malignant transformations.
Material and Methods: In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of exon 19 747–750 deletion in the EGFR gene on the risk of developing lung cancer and to examine its potential relationship with the different histopathological types of lung cancer. The study sample comprised a total of 178 patients diagnosed with lung cancer at Mersin University, Medical Faculty, Oncology Clinics, and 192 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals as the control group. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) isolation was performed using the standard salt-water precipitation method, while the mutation screening and genotyping analyses were carried out with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses.
Results: The frequency of mutant EGFR exon-19 deletion in the control group was 15.1%, increasing to 36.9% in the lung cancer group, and increasing the risk of developing lung cancer by 2.64 times (p: 0.014). This increase did not significantly differ between the histopathological types of lung cancer (p: 0.76).
Conclusion: Considering the distribution of lung cancer patients in different age groups, it is obvious that advanced age is a risk factor for the development of EGFR mutation and lung cancers (p<0.001).
Adrenomedullin has effects on hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha in hypoxia in several organs of female rats
Authors: Culum Ayşe Asiye , Yürekli Muhittin
Published: February 2025

Objective: Vascular dysfunction induces impaired O2 delivery and hypoxia, and adrenomedullin (AdM) have a role in hypoxia and angiogenesis. The reaction of the organism exposed to hypoxia and the effect of AdM over HIF-1α has been investigated in this study.
Material and Methods: Female rats were divided into 4 groups (control, hypoxia, control + AdM and hypoxia + AdM). Hypoxia groups were provided hypoxia containing 10% oxygen and 90% nitrogen for 1 week. AdM treatment groups were injected 1.25 nmol/kg AdM for 4 days intraperitoneally. AdM and HIF-1α levels were measured in heart, lung, and kidney tissues with ELISA.
Results: AdM levels increased in hypoxia + AdM group than hypoxia group, however, was not increased in control + AdM group when compared with the control group in heart tissue. Contrarily, AdM decreased in control + AdM group in the kidney, while increased in control + AdM, and hypoxia + AdM groups in the lung when compared to the control group. The HIF-1α level was higher in control + AdM group in the kidney, and hypoxia + AdM group in the lung. HIF-1α levels in heart tissue were decreased in hypoxia group when compared to the control group.
Conclusion: Tissues respond to hypoxic conditions at different times, and at distinct levels. AdM may be used to induce HIF-1α therapeutically before ischemic conditions.
Prognostic Factors Affecting Local Recurrence and Systemic Metastasis in Early Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Pekkolay Zafer , Işıkdoğan Abdurrahman
Published: February 2025

Objective: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Mortality in breast cancer is associated with recurrence and metastases. The aim of this study was to determine the causes of local recurrence and metastasis in operated early stage breast cancer.
Material and Methods: The files of the patients diagnosed with operated early stage breast cancer followed up at Dicle University Medical Faculty Medical Oncology Department between 2001-2010 were analyzed retrospectively. The group of patients with recurrence was referred to as the relapse-metastasis group and the other patients were called the remission group. Between these two groups, age, sex, tumor histology, size, presence of lymphovascular invasion, tumor grade molecular properties such as, ER, PR, HER, staging studies; time characteristics, surgical characteristics, time between surgery-chemotherapy and surgery-radiotherapy; The relapse-metastasis group and the remission group were compared in terms of chemotherapy. SPSS 22 was used for statistical analysis. p<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: 479 patients were included in the study. The number of patients in the remission and relapse-metastasis group was 343 and 136, respectively. Tumor diameter was 3.33 cm in the remission group and 4.58 cm in the relapse-metastasis group, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.01). The percentage of involvement of more than 4 lymph nodes were 30.45% and 55.7% in the remission and relapse-metastasis groups, respectively (p <0.01). The percentage of the lymphovascular invasions were remission group and relapse-metastasis group 46.4% and 80% respectively. The percentage of patients with surgery-chemotherapy time> 1 month was 9.7% and 24% in the remission and relapse-metastasis group, respectively. In remission group 30.9%; relapse-metastasis group 47.7% of the patients had incomplete staging at the time of diagnosis.
Conclusion: The factors determining the recurrence in patients with operated early stage breast cancer were tumor size, number of lymph node involvement, incomplete staging at the time of diagnosis, start chemotherapy later than 1 month.
Vitamin D deficiency in healthy adolescents aged 12–17 years in Kirikkale, Turkey
Authors: Dulkadir Ramazan , Gülerman Hacer Fulya , Bülbül Selda Fatma Hızel
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study was performed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and associated factors in apparently-healthy adolescents in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey where nutritional rickets is common.
Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was performed in the Kirikkale province of Central Anatolia, Turkey. Adolescents aged 1 to 17 years old with no health complaints were enrolled between February 2012 and February 2013. Adolescents younger than 12 and older than 17 age, those with chronic diseases, and those using any medications known to affect vitamin D metabolism were excluded. A total of 358 adolescents, consisting of 235 (65.5%) girls and 123 (34.5%) boys with an average age of 14.6 ± 1.58 years, were included in this study.  Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] and other bone mineralization markers were measured in the summer and winter.
Results: In blood samples, phosphorus (P), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone-ALP (B-ALP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and 25(OH)D levels were considerably lower in female adolescents than in male adolescents. The rate of vitamin D deficiency was higher in girls than in boys. B-ALP level was compared to Vitamin D level in each season; there was no significant relation in winter, but vitamin D level decreased with increasing B-ALP level in summer. B-ALP level was compared to vitamin D level according to sex; there was no significant relation in male adolescents, but vitamin D level decreased while B-ALP level increased in female adolescents.
Conclusion: This study showed that vitamin D deficiency or inadequacy is very common among adolescents, particularly in females in Central Anatolia region of Turkey.
Karakteristik pasien dan rasionalitas penggunaan obat demam berdarah dengue pada pasien anak rawat inap
Authors: Lubis Salmah Handayani , Dasopang Eva Sartika , Siahaan Desy Natalia , Hasanah Fenny , Ndruru Mei Kasih Murni , Aisyah Teti
Published: February 2025

Penyakit DBD merupakan penyakit menular yang dapat menyerang pada anak. Prinsip utama pengobatan DBD adalah terapi suportif  yang dapat menurunkan angka kematian hingga kurang dari 1%, dan pemeliharaan volume cairan sirkulasi.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi proporsi pasien DBD pada anak berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin, gejala klinis dan rasionalitas penggunaan obat DBD pada pasien anak yang dirawat di RSUD Dr. Pirngadi Medan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif nonanalitik dengan desain studi kasus. Data yang menjadi populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh data rekam medis pasien pada anak terdiagnsoa DBD yang dirawat pada periode tahun 2022 di RSUD Dr. Pringadi Medan.  Penelitian ini meyimpulkan pasien DBD anak terbanyak pada kelompok jenis kelamin perempuan (47,6%), usia 0-35 tahun (42,7%), gejala klinis demam (82%) lama demam 4 hari (82,9%). Keluhan terbanyak penyakit DBD anak adalah  demam (100%), muntah (81%), mual (75%). Pada evaluasi rasionalitas penggunaan obat pada bagian tepat dosis pemberian analgetik dan antipiretik parasetamol diperoleh 100% (tepat dosis) dan pemberian cairan rumatan ringer laktat 85,36% (tidak tepat dosis).
Evaluation of effectiveness of ethanol extract of green amaranth leaves (Amaranthus hybridus L.) as an immunostimulant in male white mice (Mus musculus)
Authors: Tarigan Rida Evalina , Sinaga Arinda Agnes , Shufyani Fahma
Published: February 2025

The immune system plays a critical role in defending the body against pathogens, and enhancing its activity through immunostimulants is essential for improving health. This study aims to evaluate the immunostimulatory potential of ethanol extract from green amaranth leaves (Amaranthus hybridus L.) in male white mice (Mus musculus). The ethanol extract green amaranth leaves was prepared from dried green amaranth leaves and tested for its effect on phagocytic activity using the carbon clearance method. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids. The animals were divided into five groups: negative control (0.5% Na CMC), positive control (Stimuno Forte®), and three experimental groups receiving varying doses of the ethanol extract (125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg body weight). The results indicated that the ethanol extract significantly enhanced phagocytic activity, with the most optimal effect observed at 125 mg/kg body weight. The stimulation index increased with higher doses, demonstrating the dose-dependent immunostimulatory effect. The study concludes that the ethanol extract of green amaranth leaves can serve as an effective natural immunostimulant, with the 125 mg/kg body weight dose being the most effective in enhancing immune function in male white mice. These findings suggest the potential of green amaranth as a therapeutic agent for immune-related disorders.
A STUDY OF THE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS IN THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION
Authors: Panthor Debbarma
Published: February 2025

The fundamental rights mentioned in the Indian Constitution are those rights that shape the lives of men and women in society. The rights provide the vision, roadmap and strategy of life for the people. In this paper, a research study is made about the six fundamental rights: right to Equality, right to Freedom, right against exploitation, right to Freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, and right to constitutional remedies. A comprehensive study is conducted about the rights for better understanding of them. It is also an interpretation of the rules about the rights given in the Indian constitution and to decode them; to simplify understanding about them, this paper also includes the updates or amended rights to the original version of the constitution, like the addition of right to silence under right to Freedom of speech and expression. This paper aims to discover and rediscover knowledge and values; it also provides the criticism and relevance of fundamental rights in society. These rights span from Article number 12 to 35 in the Indian Constitution. Here, due importance will be given to more valuable ideals of rights among all rights, and about rights that are of contemporary relevance and that reflect contemporary challenges like that of right to life and personal liberty- right to privacy (article 21). All these rights are also called ‘Bill of Rights’. The function of Fundamental Rights is accordingly to act against arbitrary action against rights of the people. And to provide solution in case any of the rights is breached. The rights of the people aim to provide moral and intellectual perfection for men.
KEYWORDS: fundamental rights, Indian Constitution, Freedom, Untouchability, government, minority
Strategy for innovative development of food industry enterprises in the conditions of increasing risks (on the example of the bakery industry)
Authors:   Sumy National Agrarian University, Danko Yuriy , Nemashkalo Karina ,   Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics, Rybalko Serhiy ,   «Adelaida» Financial Group, Zoshchuk Anton ,   Odesa National University of Technology, Tkachuk Oleksandr ,   Odesa National University of Technology
Published: February 2025

Increasing the competitiveness of food industry enterprises is possible only if innovative activities are intensified. In the conditions of an unstable economy, changing market environment, and global crises and risks that arise, food producers face important tasks of improving product quality, assortment, financial independence, and enterprise competitiveness. The solution to these issues largely depends on implementing innovations and developing an innovative development strategy. The purpose of the publication is to study theoretical and methodological approaches to the formation of the essence of innovative development, to identify the features of a strategy for the innovative development of business structures, and to minimize risks to ensure the sustainable growth of food industry enterprises, using the baking industry as an example. Results. The article examines issues related to the innovative principles of the development of the baking industry and the methodology for developing a strategy for sustainable development of food industry enterprises using the example of the baking industry in the context of modern risks. The essence of the concept of “innovative development” is determined, it is substantiated that the transition to innovative development means the formation of an appropriate strategy of actions, and the essential content and methodological approaches to the strategy for innovative development of enterprises are investigated. The functioning of Ukraine’s baking industry, one of the leading branches of the food industry, is assessed. Key risks for the baking industry at the current stage are identified. The basic principles that ensure the effectiveness and sustainability of the innovative development strategy in modern economic conditions are studied, and key areas for implementing the strategy are identified. Conclusions. The baking industry plays a key role in Ukraine’s food industry, providing the population with essential products and contributing to the development of the economy. The material and technical base must be updated to ensure the baking industry’s stable development, introduce modern technologies, and adapt to changes in consumer preferences.

Keywords: food industry, baking industry, risk, innovative development strategy, competitiveness of enterprises.
Strategic planning for the development of the hydrogen economy in the context of ukraine’s energy transition
Authors:   Khmelnytskyi National University, Kravchyk Yurii
Published: February 2025

This article is dedicated to the strategic planning of the hydrogen economy’s development in Ukraine within the energy transition framework, which represents a crucial step towards the country’s sustainable energy future. The article examines internal and external factors influencing the implementation of the hydrogen strategy, including the availability of resource bases, infrastructure development, innovation potential, and Ukraine’s international commitments within the global decarbonization trends. The article highlights the key challenges to developing the hydrogen economy in Ukraine, such as high hydrogen production costs, resource limitations for its generation, and the necessity of creating modern hydrogen transportation and storage infrastructure. Additionally, the importance of fostering partnerships among government bodies, research institutions, industries, and other stakeholders is emphasized to stimulate investments and enhance consumer interest in hydrogen technologies. The focus is placed on the critical need to establish infrastructure, including hydrogen refueling stations and transportation networks, and to develop regulatory mechanisms to ensure the safety and stability of the hydrogen market. Strategic planning also envisions the integration of hydrogen into other economic sectors, contributing to reducing carbon emissions in industry and transportation. Special attention is given to implementing hydrogen technologies within the National Renewable Energy Action Plan until 2030 and its execution roadmap, particularly developing renewable electricity guarantees of origin system and promoting hydrogen use in transport infrastructure. Within these initiatives, Ukraine has the potential to become a significant player in the renewable energy market, which requires aligning national commitments with international standards and actively participating in global cooperation. In conclusion, it is stated that strategic planning for developing the hydrogen economy is a key factor in ensuring Ukraine’s energy independence and environmental security.

Keywords: strategic planning, hydrogen economy, energy transition, decarbonization, infrastructure, hydrogen technologies, renewable energy.
Neurobiologiczne podstawy powstawania śladów pamięciowych
Authors: Pszczółkowska Klaudia , Kowalczyk Tomasz
Published: February 2025

Over fifty years of research have provided valuable insights into the nature of engrams, including the brain structures involved in their formation and the cellular mechanisms underlying this process. The molecular and cellular mechanisms of memory encoding, storage, and retrieval are still debated despite significant progress in research on memory. One theory suggests that the formation of an engram relies on a group of active neurons during the learning process. Those neurons undergo biochemical and physical changes to stably store information which can be reactivated during memory recall. Along with that theory, the present review provides the essential conclusions from the current state of knowledge concerning formation of a lasting memory trace, at both the structural level (by outlining the involvement of the diencephalon, amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampal formation in memory processing) and at the cellular level (by characterizing the processes of memory consolidation, reconsolidation, and extinction).
Analysis Of The Implementation Of Financial Management Of Regional Public Service Agency (BLUD) On The Performance Of Public Hospital Employees dr Djasamen Saragih
Authors: Kristianto Kristianto , Purba Desmi Triyanti , Hazelinling Hazelinling , Saragih Marintan , Girsang Yulita Santa Nova
Published: February 2025

This study aims to analyze the implementation of financial management of the Regional Public Service Agency (BLUD) on the performance of employees at the Regional General Hospital (RSUD) dr. Djasamen Saragih. The research method used is descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach, using primary data obtained through interviews and field observations, as well as secondary data in the form of financial statements and related organizational documents. The results of the study show that BLUD financial management provides flexibility in planning and using the budget, which has a positive impact on the operational efficiency of the hospital. The implementation of the annual Business Plan and Budget (RBA), supervision by the supervisory board, and a reporting system in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards (SAK) support the improvement of employee performance. However, challenges such as maintaining a balance between public services and revenue, as well as the need to improve human resource competence, are still a concern. The study suggests regular training for employees and the development of innovative services to improve the efficiency and overall performance of the organization
INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN IMPLEMENTING PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN THE SEED PRODUCTION SECTOR
Authors:   NSC "Institute of Agrarian Economy", Kryshtofor H.O.
Published: February 2025

У статті розглянуто міжнародний досвід впровадження державно-приватного партнерства (ДПП) у сфері насінництва. Досліджено успішні практики реалізації ДПП, які сприяли досягненню соціально значущих цілей, таких як підтримка продовольчої безпеки, створення нових робочих місць та розвиток економіки на місцевому рівні. Визначено роль організацій, що підтримують та координують проєкти на основі державно-приватного партнерства в Україні та в світі. Визначаються перспективи адаптації ефективних моделей ДПП у сфері насінництва України. Зроблено висновок, що успішна реалізація ДПП у насінництві вимагає реформування законодавчої бази, підвищення ефективності державного управління та створення сприятливих умов для залучення приватних партнерів.
EXPORT AND IMPORT POTENTIAL OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY
Authors:   Open International University of Human Developmеnt «Ukraine», Samofalova М.
Published: February 2025

The article studies the export-import potential of agricultural machinery enterprises. It is determined that during 2019-2023, imports of most types of agricultural machinery tend to reduce its volume. The aggression of Russia has led to the loss of markets in Russia and Belarus, where a lot of Ukrainian machinery was previously supplied. The reasons for the decline in exports of almost all types of agricultural machinery last year were various factors, including the destruction, damage and occupation of some agricultural machinery companies as a result of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine. In addition, due to the deteriorating economic situation in the agricultural sector of Ukraine, the domestic market has increased demand for domestic machinery, which is cheaper than imported machinery. The decline in exports negatively impacted foreign tractor supplies. It should be noted that the launch of mini-machinery, including tractors and motoblocks for small land plots used by households and small farms, has the potential to become a promising vector for the development of the national agricultural machinery industry and will be able to compete with cheap goods from China. In 2023, there was a general downward trend in exports of agricultural machinery, which was also noticeable in 2022. The recovery of the machine-building complex for the agricultural sector is unacceptable without the active participation of the state. Implementation of a balanced customs and tax policy, support for human resources recovery, development of effective programmes to assist the industry, creation of a favourable investment environment and simplification of business processes will be the main factors in accelerating the development and restoration of the export potential of the machine-building industry and the agricultural sector of Ukraine.
A Comparative Analysis of Deep Learning Architectures for Obesity Classification Using Structured Data
Authors: Airlangga Gregorius
Published: February 2025

Obesity is a significant global health concern, necessitating accurate and efficient diagnostic tools to classify individuals based on obesity levels. This study investigates the performance of five deep learning architectures: Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), and Bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) in classifying obesity levels using structured data. The dataset comprises clinical, demographic, and lifestyle features, and is preprocessed through normalization, label encoding, and Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) to address class imbalance. Each model was evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics under stratified 10-fold cross-validation. The results indicate that MLP achieved the highest performance across all metrics, with an accuracy of 99.05%, followed closely by CNN at 98.77%. Sequential models, including LSTM, GRU, and BiLSTM, exhibited comparatively lower performance, achieving accuracies of 83.80%, 86.59%, and 86.78%, respectively. The superior performance of MLP and CNN underscores their suitability for structured datasets with static features, while the sequential models struggled due to the lack of temporal dependencies in the data. This study highlights the importance of aligning model architecture with dataset characteristics for optimal performance. The findings suggest that MLP and CNN are effective choices for obesity classification tasks, providing robust and computationally efficient solutions. Future work could explore hybrid models and incorporate temporal features to enhance the performance of sequential architecture.
On asymptotic behavior at infinity of lower Q-homeomorphisms with respect to p-modulus on the complex plane
Authors: Stefanchuk M.V.
Published: February 2025

The definition of a $Q$-homeomorphism with respect to $p$-modulus is a natural generalization of the geometric definition of a quasiconformal mapping: if
$Q(z)\leqslant K<\infty$ a.e. (almost everywhere), then $f$ is quasiconformal as
$p=2$ on the complex plane $\mathbb{C}$, see Definition A, p. 21--22 in \cite{A}, $f$ has local Lipschitz property as
$1
2$, moreover the bounds for $p$ are sharp, see \cite{Ge}.
The class of $Q$-homeomorphisms with respect to $p$-modulus as
$p=2$ was first considered in the work \cite{MRSY3}. %, \cite{MRSY2}, \cite{MRSY0}; see also the monograph \cite{MRSY}.
The definition of a ring $Q$-homeomorphism with respect to $p$-modulus generalizes and localizes the definition of a $Q$-homeomorphism with respect to $p$-modulus and is motivated by the ring definition of quasiconformal mappings in the sense of Gehring, see \cite{Ger2}, introduced originally by V.~Ryazanov, U.~Srebro, and E.~Yakubov on the complex plane as
$p=2$, see \cite{DegBe}. %, \cite{BeFMOf}, \cite{RSYb4}, \cite{FmoBe}, \cite{TBe}, \cite{Berh}).
The concept of lower $Q$-homeomorphisms with respect to $p$-modulus has also proven to be a very useful tool for studying planar and spatial mappings. This definition has also geometric
character and is motivated by Gehring's ring definition of quasiconformity. The theory of lower and ring $Q$-homeomorphisms is applied in the study of boundary value problems for Beltrami equations on the complex plane, as well as spatial homeomorphisms of Sobolev classes and more general Orlicz--Sobolev classes, see \cite{GSSCAOT,RSSY,RSSSibAdvMath,SalAASF,ARSUMB2018,ARSDOP2019,ASZbPrIM,KRSS,KRSSMZ,RSSUMZ2013,RSSUMZ2016,Salaa,SalZbPrI2015,SalMStud2015,SalUMBOS2016}.
The theory of lower and ring $Q$-homeomorphisms with respect to $p$-modulus can also be applied to mappings that are quasiconformal in the mean, see \cite{Golberg2,Kru}. %, and to $(p,q)$-quasiconformal mappings, which have been used in studying Yu.~Reshetnyak’s problem on the superposition of functions of Sobolev spaces, see \cite{VodU1}, \cite{Vod2}, \cite{Vod1}, \cite{VodU2}.
Recently, lower and ring $Q$-homeomorphisms with respect to nonconformal modulus have been applied to studying the properties of regular solutions of nonlinear Beltrami equations, see \cite{GolSal,SalStef23}. Furthermore, the theory of ring $Q$-homeomorphisms can be applied to the study of mappings with finite distortion that belong to Orlicz--Sobolev classes $W^{1,\varphi}_{\rm loc}$ under a Calderon-type condition, and, in particular, to Sobolev classes $W^{1,p}_{\rm loc}$ as $p>n-1$,
see \cite{KRSS,G1}.
In this paper the asymptotic behavior at infinity of lower $Q$-homeomorphisms
with respect to $p$-modulus as $1<p< 2$ on the complex plane has been investigated. The estimates of rate of the power and logarithmic growth of these mappings at infinity have been found, see Theorem 3.1 and Theorem~3.3.