bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Case of Live Birth after Uterine Reconstruction for Recurrent Cornual Ectopic Pregnancy following IVF Treatment
Authors: Maruthini Deivanayagam , Sharma Vinay
Published: February 2013

We present a case of recurrent ruptured right cornual ectopic pregnancies conceived after IVF. Following the second episode, a sonohysterography was undertaken to identify possible areas of scar weakness that may rupture with uterine distension in a future pregnancy. The scan revealed asymmetrical muscle thickness in the cornual regions, the right (6 mm) being thinner than the left (1.6 cm). Subsequently, an elective laparotomy was undertaken, and the cornua were reconstructed and thickened in several layers by bringing the laterally retracted myometrial fibres onto the reconstruction site. A sono-hysterography after surgery showed satisfactory (3-4 cm) myometrial thickness all around. A further cycle of IVF resulted in a singleton pregnancy. Pelvic scans confirmed normal intrauterine pregnancy without any myometrial thinning. She was delivered by an uneventful elective caesarean section at term. We propose that, in those who intend to have further pregnancies after a cornual ectopic pregnancy, a sono-hysterography is possibly the best investigative tool to assess myometrial integrity. This case demonstrates that in women with areas of muscle weakness it is possible to successfully perform an interval elective reconstructive surgery on the uterus that can result in an uneventful pregnancy and birth.
A Novel Approach for Solving Nonsmooth Optimization Problems with Application to Nonsmooth Equations
Authors: Erfanian Hamid Reza , Noori Skandari M. H. , Kamyad A. V.
Published: February 2013

We present a new approach for solving nonsmooth optimization problems and a system of nonsmooth equations which is based on generalized derivative. For this purpose, we introduce the first order of generalized Taylor expansion of nonsmooth functions and replace it with smooth functions. In other words, nonsmooth function is approximated by a piecewise linear function based on generalized derivative. In the next step, we solve smooth linear optimization problem whose optimal solution is an approximate solution of main problem. Then, we apply the results for solving system of nonsmooth equations. Finally, for efficiency of our approach some numerical examples have been presented.
Embolization with Histoacryl Glue of an Anastomotic Pseudoaneurysm following Surgical Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Walid Ayesha , Ul Haq Tanveer , Sayani Raza , Ur Rehman Zia
Published: February 2013

We report a 62-year-old female who had surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm with a bifurcated graft 2 years ago. She presented with a distal anastomotic pseudoaneurysm which was successfully embolized with histoacryl glue. Only one such similar case has been reported in the literature so far (Yamagami et al. (2006)).
Biodiesel Production Using Supercritical Methanol with Carbon Dioxide and Acetic Acid
Authors: Wei Chao-Yi , Huang Tzou-Chi , Chen Ho-Hsien
Published: February 2013

Transesterification of oils and lipids in supercritical methanol is commonly carried out in the absence of a catalyst. In this work, supercritical methanol, carbon dioxide, and acetic acid were used to produce biodiesel from soybean oil. Supercritical carbon dioxide was added to reduce the reaction temperature and increase the fats dissolved in the reaction medium. Acetic acid was added to reduce the glycerol byproduct and increase the hydrolysis of fatty acids. The Taguchi method was used to identify optimal conditions in the biodiesel production process. With an optimal reaction temperature of 280°C, a methanol‐to‐oil ratio of 60, and an acetic acid‐to‐oil ratio of 3, a 97.83% yield of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) was observed after 90 min at a reaction pressure of 20 MPa. While the common approach to biodiesel production results in a glycerol byproduct of about 10% of the yield, the practices reported in this research can reduce the glycerol byproduct by 30.2% and thereby meet international standards requiring a FAME content of >96%.
Cigarette Smoke Suppresses the Surface Expression ofc-kitand FcεRI on Mast Cells
Authors: Givi M. E. , Blokhuis B. R. , Da Silva C. A. , Adcock I. , Garssen J. , Folkerts G. , Redegeld F. A. , Mortaz E.
Published: February 2013

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a multicomponent disease characterized by emphysema and/or chronic bronchitis. COPD is mostly associated with cigarette smoking. Cigarette smoke contains over 4,700 chemical compounds, including free radicals and LPS (a Toll-Like Receptor 4 agonist) at concentrations which may contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases like COPD. We have previously shown that short-term exposure to cigarette smoke medium (CSM) can stimulate several inflammatory cells via TLR4 and that CSM reduces the degranulation of bone-marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). In the current study, the effect of CSM on mast cells maturation and function was investigated. Coculturing of BMMC with CSM during the development of bone marrow progenitor cells suppressed the granularity and the surface expression ofc-kitand FcεRI receptors. Stimulation with IgE/antigen resulted in decreased degranulation and release of Th1 and Th2 cytokines. The effects of CSM exposure could not be mimicked by the addition of LPS to the culture medium. In conclusion, this study shows that CSM may affect mast cell development and subsequent response to allergic activation in a TLR4-independent manner.
Risk Factors for Tuberculosis
Authors: Narasimhan Padmanesan , Wood James , MacIntyre Chandini Raina , Mathai Dilip
Published: February 2013

The risk of progression from exposure to the tuberculosis bacilli to the development of active disease is a two-stage process governed by both exogenous and endogenous risk factors. Exogenous factors play a key role in accentuating the progression from exposure to infection among which the bacillary load in the sputum and the proximity of an individual to an infectious TB case are key factors. Similarly endogenous factors lead in progression from infection to active TB disease. Along with well-established risk factors (such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), malnutrition, and young age), emerging variables such as diabetes, indoor air pollution, alcohol, use of immunosuppressive drugs, and tobacco smoke play a significant role at both the individual and population level. Socioeconomic and behavioral factors are also shown to increase the susceptibility to infection. Specific groups such as health care workers and indigenous population are also at an increased risk of TB infection and disease. This paper summarizes these factors along with health system issues such as the effects of delay in diagnosis of TB in the transmission of the bacilli.
Gastric Duplication Cyst: A Rare Congenital Disease Often Misdiagnosed in Adults
Authors: Falleti Jessica , Vigliar Elena , Zeppa Pio , Schettino Pietro , Napolitano Vincenzo , D'Armiento Maria
Published: February 2013

Gastrointestinal duplication is a rare congenital disease which affected more commonly the ileum, while the stomach is rarely involved. Generally diagnosed in paediatric or young age, it could be difficult to suspect a gastrointestinal duplication in adults. Herein, we report a 55-year-old male with a gastric duplication cyst found on routinely checkup for chronic hepatitis and first misdiagnosed as a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST); we also discuss its embryology.
Propagation of Rayleigh Wave in a Two-Temperature Generalized Thermoelastic Solid Half-Space
Authors: Singh Baljeet
Published: February 2013

The Rayleigh surface wave is studied at a stress-free thermally insulated surface of an isotropic, linear, and homogeneous two-temperature thermoelastic solid half-space in the context of Lord and Shulman theory of generalized thermoelasticity. The governing equations of a two-temperature generalized thermoelastic medium are solved for surface wave solutions. The appropriate particular solutions are applied to the required boundary conditions to obtain the frequency equation of the Rayleigh wave. Some special cases are also derived. The speed of Rayleigh wave is computed numerically and shown graphically to show the dependence on the frequency and two-temperature parameter.
Solar Retinopathy: A Multimodal Analysis
Authors: Bruè Claudia , Mariotti Cesare , De Franco Edoardo , Fisher Yale , Guidotti Jacopo Maria , Giovannini Alfonso
Published: February 2013

Purpose. Solar retinopathy is a rare clinical disturbance, for which spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) findings are not always consistent. We report on two cases of solar retinopathy and discuss its differential diagnosis.Methods. This is an observational case study.Results. A 12-year-old female was referred to ophthalmology for bilateral scotoma. Visual acuity was 20/50 in both eyes. Fundus examination was unremarkable, except for slight yellowish material in the central macula, bilaterally. SD-OCT revealed juxtafoveal microcystic cavities in the outer retina, interruption of the external limiting membrane and the inner and outer segment junctions, with disorganized material in the vitelliform space. Fundus autofluorescence showed hypoautofluorescence surrounded by a relatively hyperautofluorescent ring, bilaterally. Similar clinical and morphological findings were detected in a 27-year-old male.Conclusions. Solar retinopathy has a subtle presentation and patients often deny sun-gazing. SD-OCT and fundus autofluorescence are noninvasive and useful tools for its diagnosis.
Fulminant Panuveitis following Iris Suture Fixation of Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens
Authors: Mansour Ahmad M. , Awwad Shady T.
Published: February 2013

We present a case of fulminant panuveitis following iris suture fixation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens. We hypothesize that the zonular dehiscence allowed the inflammatory cells in the anterior compartment to gain access to the posterior segment mimicking endophthalmitis or toxic anterior segment syndrome. Also certain bulky lens designs, like the current Rayner hydrophilic acrylic lens, are difficult to manipulate and hold in the optic capture position, and hence the iris fixation of these lenses can be traumatic and lengthy. It is advised to exchange such lenses with 3-piece intraocular lenses that are easy to fixate.
Articulated Human Motion Tracking Using Sequential Immune Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Li Yi , Sun Zhengxing
Published: February 2013

We formulate human motion tracking as a high-dimensional constrained optimization problem. A novel generative method is proposed for human motion tracking in the framework of evolutionary computation. The main contribution is that we introduce immune genetic algorithm (IGA) for pose optimization in latent space of human motion. Firstly, we perform human motion analysis in the learnt latent space of human motion. As the latent space is low dimensional and contents the prior knowledge of human motion, it makes pose analysis more efficient and accurate. Then, in the search strategy, we apply IGA for pose optimization. Compared with genetic algorithm and other evolutionary methods, its main advantage is the ability to use the prior knowledge of human motion. We design an IGA-based method to estimate human pose from static images for initialization of motion tracking. And we propose a sequential IGA (S-IGA) algorithm for motion tracking by incorporating the temporal continuity information into the traditional IGA. Experimental results on different videos of different motion types show that our IGA-based pose estimation method can be used for initialization of motion tracking. The S-IGA-based motion tracking method can achieve accurate and stable tracking of 3D human motion.
Biological Invasion and Coexistence in Intraguild Predation
Authors: Wang Wenting , Feng Xiaoli , Chen Xiuping
Published: February 2013

Invasion of an exotic species initiated by its local introduction is considered subject to intraguild predation (IGP). Mathematically, the system dynamics is described by three nonlinear diffusion-reaction equations in two spatial dimensions. The key factors that determine successful invasion are investigated by means of extensive numerical simulations. The results reveal high asymmetry. An exotic species can invade successfully if it acted as the top predator and engaged in IGP, and the IGP interactions of the postinvasion web will be kept. While the exotic species were introduced as the intraguild prey (IGprey), they invade and spread through patchy invasion which corresponds to the invasion at the edge of extinction. Increase of the IGprey's dispersal rate and decrease of the IGpredator's may make the IGprey invade. But the interactions of the postinvasion web will change from IGP to competition, which is absolutely different from the first case. Finally, the common existence of IGP was explored once again from the perspective of biological invasion.
Effects of Added Chloride Ion on Electrodeposition of Copper from a Simulated Acidic Sulfate Bath Containing Cobalt Ions
Authors: Panda Bijayalaxmi
Published: February 2013

The effects of added chloride ion on copper electrodeposition was studied using Pb-Sb anode and a stainless steel cathode in an acidic sulfate bath containing added Co2+ ion. The presence of added chloride ion in the electrolyte solution containing 150 ppm of Co2+ ion was found to increase the anode and the cell potentials and decrease the cathode potential. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) was used to study the effects of added chloride ion on the anodic process during the electrodeposition of copper in the presence of added  ppm; the oxygen evolution potential is polarised by adding 10 ppm chloride ion at current densities (≥150 A/m2), and further increase in chloride ion concentration increases the polarisation of oxygen evolution reaction more at higher current densities. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that added chloride ion and added Co2+ ion changed the preferred crystal orientations of the copper deposits differently. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the surface morphology of the copper deposited in the presence of added chloride ion and added Co2+ ion has well-defined grains.
Human Platelet Antigen Genotyping and Expression of CD109 (Human Platelet Antigen 15) mRNA in Various Human Cell Types
Authors: Hwang Sang Mee , Kim Mi Jung , Chang Ho Eun , Hong Yun Ji , Kim Taek Soo , Song Eun Young , Park Kyoung Un , Song Junghan , Han Kyou-Sup
Published: February 2013

CD109 gene encodes a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked glycoprotein found in a subset of platelets and endothelial cell, and human platelet antigen (HPA) 15 is found on CD109. We evaluated the HPA genotype and/or the CD109 mRNA expression on two peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC), two peripheral bloods (PB), 12 granulocyte products, natural killer (NK)-92, B-lymphocyte (CO88BV59-1), K-562 leukemia cell line, human embryonic stem cell (hESC), and human fibroblasts (HF). HPA genotyping was performed by SNaPshot assay and CD109 mRNA expression was evaluated by real-time PCR with SYBR green and melting curve analysis. Genotype HPA-15a/-15a was found in PBSC#1 and two granulocyte products, and HPA-15a/-15b was found in PBSC#2, eight granulocyte products, NK-92, K-562, hESC, and HF, and HPA-15b/-15b was found in two granulocyte products. CD109 mRNA expression was highly increased in HF and increased in CD34+ and CD34− PBSCs and some granulocyte products, compared to the PB. However, the increase of expression level varied among the PBSC and granulocyte products. The CD109 mRNA expression of NK-92, K-562, hESC, and CO 88BV59-1 was not detected. HPA genotype was evaluated in various cells and the expression of CD109, which contains HPA 15, was different among cell lines and high in HF and PBSCs.
Inhibition of SRC Corrects GM-CSF Hypersensitivity That Underlies Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia
Authors: Bunda Severa , Kang Michelle W. , Sybingco Stephanie S. , Weng Julie , Favre Helene , Shin Danielle H. , Irwin Meredith S. , Loh Mignon L. , Ohh Michael
Published: February 2013

Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is an aggressive myeloproliferative neoplasm in children characterized by the overproduction of monocytic cells that infiltrate the spleen, lung, and liver. JMML remains a disease for which few curative therapies are available other than myeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT); however, relapse remains a major cause of treatment failure and the long-term morbidities of HSCT for survivors are substantial. A hallmark feature of JMML is acquired hypersensitivity by clonal myeloid progenitor cells to granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) via a largely unknown mechanism. Here, we identify c-Cbl (henceforth referred to as Cbl) as a GM-CSF receptor (GMR) adaptor protein that targets Src for ubiquitin-mediated destruction upon GM-CSF stimulation and show that a loss of negative regulation of Src is pivotal in the hyperactivation of GMR signaling in Cbl-mutated JMML cells. Notably, dasatinib, an U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved multikinase inhibitor that also targets Src family, dramatically attenuated the spontaneous and GM-CSF-induced hypersensitive growth phenotype of mononuclear cells from peripheral blood and bone marrow collected from JMML patients harboring Cbl or other known JMML-associated mutations. These findings reveal Src kinase as a critical oncogenic driver underlying JMML. Cancer Res; 73(8); 2540–50. ©2013 AACR.
Response Classification Based on a Minimal Model of Glioblastoma Growth Is Prognostic for Clinical Outcomes and Distinguishes Progression from Pseudoprogression
Authors: Neal Maxwell Lewis , Trister Andrew D. , Ahn Sunyoung , Baldock Anne , Bridge Carly A. , Guyman Laura , Lange Jordan , Sodt Rita , Cloke Tyler , Lai Albert , Cloughesy Timothy F. , Mrugala Maciej M. , Rockhill Jason K. , Rockne Russell C. , Swanson Kristin R.
Published: February 2013

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive type of primary brain tumor. Glioblastoma growth dynamics vary widely across patients, making it difficult to accurately gauge their response to treatment. We developed a model-based metric of therapy response called Days Gained that accounts for this heterogeneity. Here, we show in 63 newly diagnosed patients with glioblastoma that Days Gained scores from a simple glioblastoma growth model computed at the time of the first postradiotherapy MRI scan are prognostic for time to tumor recurrence and overall patient survival. After radiation treatment, Days Gained also distinguished patients with pseudoprogression from those with true progression. Because Days Gained scores can be easily computed with routinely available clinical imaging devices, this model offers immediate potential to be used in ongoing prospective studies. Cancer Res; 73(10); 2976–86. ©2013 AACR.
The Invasion Inhibitor Sarasinoside A1 Reverses Mesenchymal Tumor Transformation in an E-Cadherin–Independent Manner
Authors: Austin Pamela , Freeman Spencer A. , Gray Christopher A. , Gold Michael R. , Vogl A. Wayne , Andersen Raymond J. , Roberge Michel , Roskelley Calvin D.
Published: February 2013

During metastatic progression, an aberrant epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) that is most often driven by the loss of the cell–cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin generates noncohesive tumor cells that are highly invasive. We used mesenchymally transformed, E-cadherin–negative MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells in a natural product screen and determined that the triterpenoid saponin sarasinoside A1 inhibited their invasion and the invasion of a number of other tumor cell lines. Sarasinoside A1 also caused MDA-MB-231 cells to become cohesive in a three-dimensional basement membrane and collagen gel cultures. In two-dimensional culture, sarasinoside A1 initiated a morphologic re-epithelialization of MDA-MB-231 cells wherein preexisting nonepithelial cadherins and the junction-associated proteins β-catenin and ZO-1 all relocalized to sites of cell–cell contact. In addition, the intercellular space between neighboring cells narrowed considerably, the stability of polymerized actin at cell-cell contact sites increased, and there was a recruitment and stabilization of nectin-based adhesion complexes to these sites, all of which strongly suggested that functional cell–cell junctions had formed. Importantly, sarasinoside A1 induced nascent cell–cell junction formation that did not require changes in gene expression and was not associated with an induction of E-cadherin but resulted in increased activation of Rap GTPases. Therefore, our findings with sarasinoside A1 suggest that it may be possible to re-epithelialize metastatic tumor cells with phenotypic consequence even when E-cadherin is completely absent. Mol Cancer Res; 11(5); 530–40. ©2013 AACR.
Epigenetic Aspects on Therapy Development for Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Larsson Catharina
Published: February 2013

The understanding of epigenetic modifications in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors is a novel and still small field. Activation of the insulin-like growth factor 2 gene locus by loss of imprinting is a classical epigenetic alteration frequently observed in insulinoma. Inactivation of the MEN1 gene, commonly involved in endocrine pancreatic tumors, impairs the association with mixed lineage leukemia involved in histone H3K4me3 methylation. In addition, promising effects on tumor phenotypes such as growth, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and expression of neuroendocrine markers have been obtained in vitro for inhibitors of DNA methyltransferase (azacytidine) and histone deacetylation (butyrate, valproic acid, trichostatin A and MS-275). The frequent need for complementary treatments in addition to surgery in this tumor entity supports further efforts in the development and application of drugs acting at general as well as more specific epigenetic alterations.
Thermal Damage Influences Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy Success
Authors: Garcia Vilaro Marta , Vásquez LuzMaría , Marin Alfonso , Burés Anniken , Medel Ramón
Published: February 2013

Objective: To compare the success rates of two surgical methods of endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) at the stage of ostium creation. In procedure 1, a Colorado needle is used to create the mucosectomy, while in procedure 2 no heated instruments are applied to the mucosa. Methods: A total of 173 patients (218 eyes) underwent endonasal DCR between 2006 and 2009. Efficacy was assessed by a fluorescein endoscopic test at 6 months of follow-up. Results: The success rate in group 2 was higher than in group 1 (91 vs. 81%, p < 0.05). Conclusions: We have found a significant difference, which supports that a ‘cold’ surgical technique may be better than the use of heated instruments.
Cholinergic Modulation of Epithelial Integrity in the Proximal Colon of Pigs
Authors: Lesko Szilvia , Wessler Ignaz , Gäbel Gotthold , Petto Carola , Pfannkuche Helga
Published: February 2013

Background: Within the gut, acetylcholine (ACh) is synthesised by enteric neurons, as well as by ‘non-neuronal' epithelial cells. In studies of non-intestinal epithelia, ACh was involved in the generation of an intact epithelial barrier. In the present study, primary cultured porcine colonocytes were used to determine whether treatment with exogenous ACh or expression of endogenous epithelium-derived ACh may modulate epithelial tightness in the gastrointestinal tract. Methods: Piglet colonocytes were cultured on filter membranes for 8 days. The tightness of the growing epithelial cell layer was evaluated by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). To determine whether ACh modulates the tightness of the cell layer, cells were treated with cholinergic, muscarinic and/or nicotinic agonists and antagonists. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), cholinergic receptors and ACh were determined by immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and HPLC, respectively. Results: Application of the cholinergic agonist carbachol (10 µm) and the muscarinic agonist oxotremorine (10 µM) resulted in significantly higher TEER values compared to controls. The effect was completely inhibited by the muscarinic antagonist atropine. Application of atropine alone (without any agonist) led to significantly lower TEER values compared to controls. Synthesis of ACh by epithelial cells was proven by detection of muscarinic and nicotinic receptor mRNAs, immunohistochemical detection of ChAT and detection of ACh by HPLC. Conclusion: ACh is strongly involved in the regulation of epithelial tightness in the proximal colon of pigs via muscarinic pathways. Non-neuronal ACh seems to be of particular importance for epithelial cells forming a tight barrier.
A Novel Mutation in FOXF1 Gene Associated with Alveolar Capillary Dysplasia with Misalignment of Pulmonary Veins, Intestinal Malrotation and Annular Pancreas
Authors: Miranda Joana , Rocha Gustavo , Soares Paulo , Morgado Hélder , Baptista Maria João , Azevedo Inês , Fernandes Susana , Brandão Otília , Sen Partha , Guimarães Hercília
Published: February 2013

Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACD/MPV) is a rare, fatal, neonatal developmental lung disorder, which usually presents as persistent pulmonary hypertension unresponsive to treatment. The authors report the case of a neonate with persistent pulmonary hypertension, associated with duodenal stenosis secondary to annular pancreas and intestinal malrotation. Support treatment, inhaled nitric oxide, oral sildenafil and nebulized iloprost were used with no clinical improvement. The neonate presented an overwhelming course, with hypoxemia refractory to treatment. At autopsy lung histology showed the characteristic features of ACD/MPV. DNA sequence analysis revealed a heterozygous nonsense mutation c.539C>A;p.S180X, in the first exon of FOXF1. FOXF1 has been identified as one of the genes responsible for ACD/MPV associated with multiple congenital malformations. This clinical case is the first report of a heterozygous nonsense mutation c.539C>A;p.S180X in the first exon of FOXF1, in a patient with ACD/MPV associated with annular pancreas and intestinal malrotation.
Relationship between Quantitative Electroencephalogram and Interferon-α-Induced Depression in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients
Authors: Morita Akihiko , Kamei Satoshi , Sakai Teiichiro , Oga Kentarou , Matsuura Masato , Kojima Takuya , Uchiyama Makoto , Tanaka Naohide , Arakawa Yasuyuki , Moriyama Mitsuhiko
Published: February 2013

Background: Quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) changes in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with interferon-α (IFN-α) have previously been reported. However, whether IFN-α-induced depression is related to changes in qEEG during IFN-α treatment remains unclear. Method: Fifty chronic hepatitis C patients were enrolled and IFN-α was administered intramuscularly at 9 × 106 IU daily for the first 4 weeks and then 3 times a week for the next 20 weeks. Serial EEGs obtained before and at 4 weeks after treatment were assessed. The absolute power for each frequency band was determined using qEEG techniques. Differences in the rate of change in absolute power for each of 6 frequency bands (δ, θ1, θ2, α1, α2 and β) were assessed between patients with and without major depression using the Mann-Whitney U test. When significant differences in the rate of change in absolute power for each frequency band were observed, differences in the rate of change were also assessed between patients with and without psychological complications using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Major depression due to psychological complications during IFN-α treatment was reported in 10 out of 50 patients. In the θ1 band, the difference in the rate of change was demonstrated to be significant (p = 0.0036). Moreover, at the central, frontal, parietal, and temporal locations, the rates of change were also significantly different. Conclusion: In IFN-α-treated chronic hepatitis C patients who were diagnosed with major depression, qEEG changes were more obvious and widely distributed.
Influence of IL-1RN Intron 2 Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTR) Polymorphism on Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Rafiei A, , Hosseini S.H. , Taheri M. , Hosseni-khah Z. , Hajilooi M. , Mazaheri Z.
Published: February 2013

Background/Aims: Several lines of evidence point to the role of neurobiological mechanisms and genetic background in bipolar disorder (BD). The interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is the principal regulator of IL-1α and IL-1β bioactivities. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of the variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphisms of the IL-1Ra gene (IL1RN) in conferring susceptibility to BD. Methods: In total, 217 patients meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for BD and 212 controls were recruited for the study. Genotyping of IL1RN was determined by polymerase chain reaction amplification of VNTR of 86 base pairs in intron 2 of IL1RN. Results: The genotype distribution of IL1RN polymorphism was significantly different between BD patients and controls. The IL1RN*1/2 genotype was more prevalent in BD patients than in controls (44.2 vs. 30.2%, p = 0.003). Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that IL1RN*1/2 heterozygotes had a significantly higher risk for BD (OR 1.83 and 95% CI 1.22–2.74, p = 0.003). Further stratification of the BD patients into IL1RN*2 allele carrier and noncarrier subgroups revealed a strong association between IL1RN*2 carriage and prolongation of the disease (p = 0.02). Conclusions: These findings suggest a positive association between VNTR polymorphism in IL1RN and BD. Additional studies, particularly with a prospective approach, are necessary to clarify the precise role of the VNTR polymorphism on the disease in different ethnic populations.
Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Use with Thrombolysis: Is it Effective and Safe? Ten Years' Clinical Experience
Authors: Ucar Elif Yilmazel , Araz Omer , Akgun Metin , Meral Mehmet , Kalkan Fikriye , Saglam Leyla , Kaynar Hasan , Gorguner Ali Metin
Published: February 2013

Background: There is no data on the use of subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin (SC LMWH) in cases that require thrombolysis. Objective: Having used SC LMWH with thrombolytics for more than 10 years, we aimed to review our data, share our experiences and find out whether the use of SC LMWH with thrombolytics had been effective and safe. Method: This is a retrospective cohort study. Patients who were diagnosed as acute pulmonary embolism (PE) and received either SC LMWH treatment or SC LMWH with thrombolytics in our hospital (a tertiary hospital) between 2000 and 2010 were included in the study. For both treatments, the rates of mortality and complications were calculated. Results: A total of 392 patients, 210 female (53.5%) and 182 male (46.5%) with an average age of 60 years, ±16 SD, with acute PE, were included in the study. Of these patients, 107 (27.2%) were massive and 285 (72.8%) were nonmassive and were administered SC LMWH plus thrombolytics and only SC LMWH, respectively. The mortality rate was 16.8% (18 of 107) in patients who were massive and 3.5% (10 of 285) for those who were nonmassive (p < 0.001). Major hemorrhage occurred in 3.7% (n = 4) and 0.7% (n = 2) and minor hemorrhage in 12.1% (n = 13) and in 3.8% (n = 11) of the cases who received SC LMWH plus thrombolytics and SC LMWH, respectively. Conclusion: SC LMWH use with thrombolytics seems to be feasible and safe. Prospective, large, randomized control trials are still required in order to confirm these results.
An Analysis of the Clinical and Cost Effectiveness of Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy before and during Puberty: Should We Increase the Dose?
Authors: Howard Sasha R. , Butler Gary E.
Published: February 2013

Aim: To investigate the influence of growth hormone (GH) on linear growth before and during puberty in children with GH deficiency. Methods: We analysed the relationship between pubertal growth and GH dose in a large dataset of children (n = 236) with GH deficiency using multiple linear regression and multilevel modelling with repeated measures analysis. Additionally, we examined the cost benefit of increasing doses of GH during puberty. Results: Multilevel modelling revealed a highly significant role for GH dose in the pre-pubertal period (p < 0.001), but a non-significant effect on height gain after pubertal onset (p = 0.32). Important predictors of height gain after puberty onset included gender, age at puberty and number of injections of GH/week. Cost analysis showed that in an average child use of high dose GH, at an extra EUR 5,925 (GBP 4,753/USD 7,538)/year, would produce a height gain of 0.80 cm/year (above baseline growth) pre-pubertally, compared to only 0.20 cm/year post-puberty onset. Conclusions: The influence of GH dose on height gain after puberty onset is at best a modest one. Cost analysis shows use of high doses of GH post-puberty onset has significant cost implications without providing a worthwhile gain in adult height for children with GH deficiency.
A Retrospective Radiographic Study of Coronal-Periapical Status and Root Canal Filling Quality in a Selected Adult Turkish Population
Authors: Ureyen Kaya B. , Kececi A.D. , Guldas H.E. , Orhan H.
Published: February 2013

Objective: To investigate the oral health (with regard to the periapical status, quality of root fillings and coronal restorations) in an urban adult Turkish subpopulation using digital panoramic radiographs. Materials and Methods: One thousand digital panoramic radiographs involving 28,000 teeth were selected from the archive of the Public Oral and Dental Health Center of Isparta. Coronal status (the type of restoration, signs of marginal leakage or decay), root filling quality (length and lateral seal) and periapical status (according to Periapical Index, PAI) were evaluated. Correlations between apical periodontitis (AP) and the quality of root fillings or coronal restorations were statistically analyzed using the χ2 test. Results: Of the 28,000 teeth evaluated, 22,380 (80.0%) were sound, 4,732 (16.9%) were missing, 753 (2.6%) were filled and 135 (0.5%) were decayed. Of the 753 coronal restorations, 400 (53.1%) were radiographically acceptable. Of the 23,268 teeth, 601 (2.6%) were root filled and 247 root fillings were adequate. Ninety-five (15.8%) root-filled teeth had AP (PAI 3-5). Out of the total, the AP prevalence was 0.4% in root-filled teeth and 0.8% in teeth without root fillings. The presence of AP was significantly correlated with inadequate coronal restorations and root canal fillings (p = 0.000). Conclusion: Tooth type, quality and type of coronal restorations, and length and homogeneity of root fillings significantly affected periapical status.
Mortality Benefits From US Population-wide Reduction in Sodium Consumption
Authors: Coxson Pamela G. , Cook Nancy R. , Joffres Michel , Hong Yuling , Orenstein Diane , Schmidt Steven M. , Bibbins-Domingo Kirsten
Published: February 2013

Computer simulations have been used to estimate the mortality benefits from population-wide reductions in dietary sodium, although comparisons of these estimates have not been rigorously evaluated. We used 3 different approaches to model the effect of sodium reduction in the US population over the next 10 years, incorporating evidence for direct effects on cardiovascular disease mortality (method 1), indirect effects mediated by blood pressure changes as observed in randomized controlled trials of antihypertension medications (method 2), or epidemiological studies (method 3).The 3 different modeling approaches were used to model the same scenarios: scenario A, gradual uniform reduction totaling 40% over 10 years; scenario B, instantaneous 40% reduction in sodium consumption sustained for 10 years to achieve a population-wide mean of 2200 mg/d; and scenario C, instantaneous reduction to 1500 mg sodium per day sustained for 10 years. All 3 methods consistently show a substantial health benefit for reductions in dietary sodium under each of the 3 scenarios tested. A gradual reduction in dietary sodium over the next decade (scenario A) as might be achieved with a range of proposed public health interventions would yield considerable health benefits over the next decade, with mean effects across the 3 models ranging from 280 000 to 500 000 deaths averted. Projections of instantaneous reductions illustrate the maximum benefits that could be achieved (0.7–1.2 million deaths averted in 10 years). Under 3 different modeling assumptions, the projected health benefits from reductions in dietary sodium are substantial.
Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand
Authors: MILLS V. SADIE , O'HARA TIMOTHY D.
Published: February 2013

The taxonomy of ophiuroids collected in 2009 and 2011, from biogenic habitats across the New Zealand continental shelf, is reviewed. Ophionereis novaezelandiae Mortensen, 1936, and its junior synonym Ophionereis terba Baker & Devaney, 1981from South-Eastern Australia, is now recognised as a distinct species, and has been removed from synonymy with Ophionereis fasciata Hutton, 1872. Ophiacantha abyssicola var. otagoensis Fell, 1958 is also recognised as a distinct spe-cies and has been removed from synonymy with Ophiacantha brachygnatha Clark H L, 1928. Amphiura eugeniae var. latisquama Mortensen, 1924 is raised to species rank and Amphioplus longirima Fell, 1952 treated as a synonym of A. latisquama. Ophiolycus farquhari McKnight, 2003 is transferred to the genus Ophiologimus. The diagnostic characters of several other species are reviewed and colour descriptions and images are included where available. The tropical species Ophiacantha longidens Lyman, 1878, Ophiotreta valenciennesi (Lyman, 1879) and Ophiobyrsa intorta (Koehler, 1922) are reported from New Zealand waters for the first time.
The Anthaxia (Anthaxia) manca (Linnaeus, 1767) species-group in Iran, with description of a new species and a new synonymy (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)
Authors: BAIOCCHI DANIELE
Published: February 2013

Anthaxia (Anthaxia) simandli sp. nov., a new endemic species from Iran is described, together with the hitherto unknown male of Anthaxia (Anthaxia) magnifica Bílý, 1983. New synonymy of Anthaxia (Anthaxia) mancatula Abeille, 1900 = Anthaxia (Anthaxia) intermedia Obenberger, 1913 syn. nov. is proposed, and a lectotype for A. mancatula is designated. All species are illustrated, and comments on their bionomy, distribution, and taxonomic position are given, as well as on the current state of the Anthaxia (Anthaxia) manca (Linnaeus, 1767) species-group in Iran.
Ctenocheloides almeidai sp. nov., a new ghost shrimp from Brazil (Decapoda, Ctenochelidae)
Authors: ANKER ARTHUR , PACHELLE PAULO P. G.
Published: February 2013

A second species of the ctenochelid genus Ctenocheloides Anker, 2010 is described based on a single female specimen collected on a rocky reef in front of Maceió, Alagoas, northeastern Brazil. Ctenocheloides almeidai sp. nov. represents the first record of Ctenocheloides in the Atlantic Ocean. The new species differs from C. attenboroughi Anker, 2010, the type species from Madagascar, in the number of teeth in the crista dentata of the third maxilliped, the proportions and ar-mature of the major and minor chelipeds, and several other characters. The microhabitats of C. almeidai sp. nov. and C. attenboroughi are remarkably similar: both species inhabit burrows made in rock crevices cemented by compact clay-like silt, at very shallow depths (1–1.5 m). A key to the western Atlantic species of the family Ctenochelidae is provided.
Presence of Diastolic Dysfunction in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Yamasaki Saeko , Izawa Atsushi , Shiba Yuji , Tomita Takeshi , Miyashita Yusuke , Koyama Jun , Ikeda Uichi
Published: February 2013

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) and heart failure (HF) share many risk factors; however, the prevalence and characteristics of HF in patients with PAD have not been fully examined. We investigated 120 consecutive patients with PAD, defined by an ankle-brachial index ≤0.9. In all, 36 (30%) patients had brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels ≥100 pg/mL (high BNP group), and 84 (70%) patients had BNP levels <100 pg/mL (low BNP group). Univariate analysis showed that high BNP was associated with age, estimated glomerular filtration rate, hypertension, and transmitral E-wave/early diastolic mitral annular velocity (E/e′) ratio. Multivariate logistic regression analysis established that a high BNP was strongly and independently associated with the highest quartile of E/e′, highlighting these patients’ diastolic dysfunction. The prevalence of high BNP levels in patients with PAD suggests that routine BNP measurements might be useful to detect HF.
Mental health correlates of anger in the general population: Findings from the 2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing
Authors: Barrett Emma L , Mills Katherine L , Teesson Maree
Published: February 2013

Objective:

The aim of the present study is to examine the mental health correlates of anger in the general population using data collected as part of the 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing (2007 NSMHWB).

Method:

The 2007 NSMHWB was a nationally representative household survey of 8841 Australians aged between 16 and 85 years. The survey assessed for 30-day DSM-IV mental health disorders and 30-day anger symptoms.

Results:

A range of mood, anxiety and substance use disorders were found to be independently associated with symptoms of anger after controlling for demographics and comorbidity. These included major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, social phobia, generalised anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and alcohol and drug use disorders.

Conclusions:

This study is the first epidemiological investigation of the mental health correlates of anger in the Australian general population. Anger can have extremely maladaptive effects on behaviour and can lead to serious consequences for the individual and for the community. The findings of the present study denote the importance of assessing anger symptoms among individuals presenting with these common mental health disorders.
The impact of psychosis on social inclusion and associated factors
Authors: Killaspy Helen , White Sarah , Lalvani Nabeela , Berg Rachel , Thachil Ajoy , Kallumpuram Sen , Nasiruddin Omar , Wright Christine , Mezey Gill
Published: February 2013

Background:

People with mental health problems are known to be socially excluded but the contribution of pre-morbid characteristics, symptoms and needs, and the impact on quality of life is unknown.

Aims:

To investigate change in social inclusion after the development of a psychotic Illness and factors associated with this.

Methods:

A cross-sectional community survey of people with psychosis was carried out in three areas of London. Five domains of social inclusion (social integration, consumption, access to services, productivity, political engagement) were assessed prior to the onset of illness and currently using the Social Inclusion Questionnaire User Experience. Quality of life, symptoms and needs were also assessed using standardized measures. Factors associated with change in social inclusion were investigated using multiple regression.

Results:

Productivity and social integration among the 67 participants reduced after the onset of psychosis. Older age at onset and longer duration of illness were associated with greater reduction in productivity. Less reduction in social integration was associated with greater quality of life. Participants reported barriers to social inclusion that were directly related to symptoms of their illness, low confidence and poor self-esteem.

Conclusions:

A greater focus on interventions that can facilitate the occupation and the social networks of people with psychosis is required. Interventions that tackle ‘self-stigma’ may also prove useful in mitigating the social exclusion experienced by people with psychosis.
Textual communities in Guyana: A “nearly go so” literary history
Authors: Robinson Gemma
Published: February 2013

This article seeks to make precise some of the challenges faced by Caribbean bibliography. I focus on two periods and texts in twentieth century Guyana: N.E. Cameron’s 1931 anthology, Guianese Poetry, Covering the Hundred Years’ Period, 1831-1931, and early 1950s issues of Thunder, the journal of the socialist anticolonial People’s Progressive Party. Attending to these publications could lead to a narrative about Guyana’s transformation from a cultural hub within the British Empire to a centre of anticolonial politics and poetics. This is part of the way we can view them, but transitions between the colonial and anticolonial do not emerge neatly. When we think more about Guyana through the lens of textual culture we build a picture of practices and values that cut across place and period. Paradoxically, even regarding the twentieth century, we cannot rely only on what Jerome J. McGann calls our inescapable “textual condition” to understand Caribbean textual culture. I show how the literary interests evidenced in Guianese Poetry and Thunder can lead us towards a local history of the book that takes seriously overlapping textual and non-textual perspectives. In doing so, we can chart more clearly the rise of poetry in colonial Guyana, an emerging national poetics, and the knotted poetics and politics of Empire, slavery, and anticolonialism. Guyana’s complicated and often contradictory textual cultures, I argue, must be sited locally and transnationally, and in order to assess them we must stay attuned to the ways that sites of textual culture connect authors, editors, publishers, and audiences. To adapt Erna Brodber’s approach to writing village histories, what we arrive at is the beginnings of a “nearly go so” literary history – a history that is sensitive to the inconsistencies between archival data, cultural memory, and oral testimony.