bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Myocardial blood flow at rest and stress measured with dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI: Comparison of a distributed parameter model with a fermi function model
Authors: Broadbent David A. , Biglands John D. , Larghat Abdulghani , Sourbron Steven P. , Radjenovic Aleksandra , Greenwood John P. , Plein Sven , Buckley David L.
Published: February 2013

Purpose

To assess the feasibility of simultaneously measuring blood flow (Fb), Gd‐DTPA extraction fraction (E), and distribution volume (vd) in healthy myocardium at rest and under adenosine stress using dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI.

Methods

Sixteen volunteers were examined at 1.5 T and 11 returned for a repeat study. The data were analyzed using a distributed parameter (DP) 2‐region model to arrive at estimates of Fb, E, blood volume, and interstitial volume. For comparison, estimates of Fb were also obtained using a Fermi function model.

Results

DP model fits were successful in 49 of the 54 data sets. Estimates obtained using DP and Fermi models did not differ for either rest Fb or myocardial perfusion reserve though DP estimates of stress Fb were lower than Fermi estimates. The repeatability of the DP parameters Fb, E, and vd was better than or equal to the repeatability of Fermi‐Fb. E at rest and under stress was estimated to be 66% and 57%, respectively.

Conclusion

The results suggest that characteristics of the microvasculature of healthy myocardium can be reliably determined using dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI at rest and under stress and that delivery of Gd‐DTPA to the myocardium is not flow‐limited. Magn Reson Med 70:1591–1597, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Processing and structural properties of in situ polymerized poly(tetrafluoroethylene)/graphite fluoride composites
Authors: Mel'nikov V.P. , Addiego F. , Smirnov V.V. , Ruch D. , Berlin A.A. , Patlazhan S.A.
Published: February 2013

Novel poly(tetrafluorethylene)‐based composites were polymerized in situ on the fluorinated petroleum coke as graphite fluoride microparticles. This allows providing high adhesion between poly(tetrafluorethylene) and filler particles which is of much important to improve sufficiently mechanical properties of the polymer. The present work aimed at investigating the relationships between mechanisms of polymerization kinetics and structural properties of the composites. In the presence of fluorinated coke, the polymerization kinetics of tetrafluorethylene, started at the surface of the filler, is characterized by a long induction period followed by the explosive growth rate. This effect was supposed to be originated by the particles exfoliation due to the anchoring of growing polymer chains to the accessible interface of the filler. Scanning electron microscope confirmed this hypothesis showing fragmentation of graphite fluoride microparticles. The resulting fragments are show to be well distributed in the polymer matrix. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction experiments demonstrates that graphite fluoride crystals are still present after polymerization of poly(tetrafluorethylene) without modification of the crystalline peak (001) position. This asserts that no overall exfoliation mechanism of graphite fluoride into (CF)n monolayers is active during the in situ polymerization. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 53:2549–2555, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
On the interrelationship of transreaction with viscoelastic properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/poly(ethylene naphthalate) blends in the presence of nanoclay
Authors: Khonakdar Hossein Ali , Jafari Seyed Hassan , Asadinezhad Ahmad , Zolali Ali , Wagenknecht Udo , Heinrich Gert
Published: February 2013

An attempt was made to explore the effects of the interchange reactions on the viscoelastic behavior of binary blends based on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN) and their nanocomposites. It was seen that with an increase in the number of extrusion runs and mixing temperature, the extent of reaction (X) and degree of randomness (RD) both increased, whereas the average sequence block lengths values were decreased. On the contrary, the blend composition did not play a significant role on X and RD values. Addition of nanoclay inhibited the transreactions in PET/PEN blends. The absence of crystallization peaks implied that the crystalline structure was destroyed as a result of blending and an amorphous system was created possibly due to the transreactions simultaneously with the formation of random copolymers inhibiting the crystallization process. The rheological investigations showed that the addition of PEN into the PEN/PET blends enhanced the storage modulus, loss modulus, and complex viscosity. The viscosity upswing observed at low‐frequency region in the case of nanocomposite systems evidently confirmed the occurrence of transreactions. Nonetheless, a significant increment in the viscoelastic properties was perceived in the presence of nanoclay corroborating the proper nanoclay distribution throughout the PET/PEN blend system. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 53:2556–2567, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
A Homotelechelic bis‐terpyridine macroligand: One‐step synthesis and its metallo‐supramolecular self‐assembly
Authors: Mansfeld Ulrich , Winter Andreas , Hager Martin D. , Günther Wolfgang , Altuntaş Esra , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: February 2013

A homotelechelic macroligand bearing two 2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridin‐4′‐yl units, as chain ends, is used as building block for the preparation of a linear metallo‐supramolecular chain‐extended polymer. The macroligand has been prepared by nitroxide‐mediated polymerization (NMP) of styrene using a bis‐terpyridine‐functionalized NMP initiator. The controlled character of the NMP process has been confirmed by detailed characterization of the polymer by size‐exclusion chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as well as mass spectrometry. Subsequently, the self‐assembly with FeII ions into the chain‐extended metallopolymer and the disassembly thereof, in the presence of a strong competitive ligand, has been studied by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy and diffusion‐ordered NMR spectroscopy. The reversibility of the formation of the metallo‐supramolecular material, when addressed by external stimuli, could be proven. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Tandem dynamic kinetic resolution and enzymatic polycondensation to synthesize mPEG‐functionalized poly(amine‐co‐ester)‐type chiral prodrugs
Authors: Qian Xueqi , Jiang Zhengyang , Lin Xianfu , Wu Qi
Published: February 2013

Amphiphilic poly(amine‐co‐ester)s, which contain a single effective enantiomer of an asymmetric drug and thus can avoid potentially serious side effects, are difficult to prepare through nonselective chemical routes not only in the process of introducing chiral drugs to the polymer, but also in the synthesis of the polymer's backbone by metal catalysts. A model of racemic mexiletine, an important antiarrhythmic agent, was used to demonstrate the tandem combination of Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL‐B)‐ and Pd/C‐catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) and subsequent CAL‐B‐catalyzed polycondensation, as an efficient protocol to prepare poly(ethylene glycol)‐functionalized poly(amine‐co‐ester)s containing (R)‐mexiletine with 99% ee value. Chemoenzymatic DKR and enzymatic polymerization conditions were optimized, and the optical purity of incorporated (R)‐mexiletine was confirmed through its hydrolysis from polyester. The copolymers can readily self‐assemble into nanometer‐scale‐sized micelles with well‐dispersed spheres, which have a size distribution that can be efficiently adjusted by changing the polymer concentration. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Improved field emission properties of MgO‐nanoparticle‐doped carbon nanotube films and their application in miniature vacuum gauges
Authors: Su Juan , Guo Deng‐Zhu , Xing Ying‐Jie , Zhang Geng‐Min
Published: February 2013

Composite films of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and MgO nanoparticles are fabricated on metal substrates as field emitters by a simple mechanical rubbing method. The field emission properties of the CNT films could be dramatically improved by mixing an optimum proportion (∼7 wt%) of MgO nanoparticles. It lowers the turn‐on field to 1.3 V µm−1 and the threshold field to 2 V µm−1, and also increases the field emission stability and uniformity. Such CNTs–MgO films are applied as cathode in ionization vacuum gauges. The gauges, with the advantages of small size and low power consumption, exhibit good measurement linearity in vacuum pressure range from 8 × 10−6 to 2 × 10−2 Pa, and a sensitivity of 0.2 Pa−1.
Testing the IONORT‐ISP system: A comparison between synthesized and measured oblique ionograms
Authors: Settimi A. , Pezzopane M. , Pietrella M. , Bianchi C. , Scotto C. , Zuccheretti E. , Makris J.
Published: February 2013

The three‐dimensional (3‐D) electron density representation of the ionosphere computed by the assimilative IRI‐SIRMUP‐P (ISP) model was tested using IONORT (IONOspheric Ray‐Tracing), a software tool for calculating a 3‐D ray‐tracing for high‐frequency waves in the ionospheric medium. A radio link was established between Rome (41.8°N, 12.5°E) in Italy, and Chania (35.7°N, 24.0°E) in Greece, within the ISP validity area, and for which oblique soundings are conducted. The ionospheric reference stations, from which the autoscaled foF2 and M(3000)F2 data and real‐time vertical electron density profiles were assimilated by the ISP model, were Rome (41.8°N, 12.5°E) and Gibilmanna (37.9°N, 14.0°E) in Italy, and Athens (38.0°N, 23.5°E) in Greece. IONORT was used, in conjunction with the ISP and the International Reference Ionosphere 3‐D electron density grids, to synthesize oblique ionograms. The comparison between synthesized and measured oblique ionograms, both in terms of the ionogram shape and the maximum usable frequency characterizing the radio path, demonstrates both that the ISP model can more accurately represent real conditions in the ionosphere than the IRI, and that the ray‐tracing results computed by IONORT are reasonably reliable.
Apoptosis Induction of K562 Cells by Lymphocytes: An AFM Study
Authors: Jin Hua , Zhao Hongxia , Liu Li , Jiang Jinhuan , Wang Xiaoping , Ma Shuyuan , Cai Jiye
Published: February 2013

Antitumor immunotherapies, as a prospective approach for local cancer treatment, are attracting increasing interests. To detect the reacting course of immune and tumor cells, we have observed the process of K562 cells (a human erythroleukemic cell line) coculturing with peripheral lymphocytes, and the morphological and ultrastructural alterations of K562 cells and lymphocytes were investigated as well using atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM morphological imaging revealed that after coculture the apoptosis‐like structures such as blebbing, pores, and apoptotic bodies were observed on the K562 cells. Also, the cell‐surface roughness decreased significantly, which implied the changes in chemical composition of cell membranes. Moreover, the lymphocytes were damaged to some extent induced by the coculture. The data demonstrated that K562 cells could be attacked and induced apoptosis by lymphocytes, and they would make damages to lymphocytes to escape the surveillance of immune system. SCANNING 35:7‐11, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Free global ID against collusion attack on multi‐authority attribute‐based encryption
Authors: Gao Ang , Li Zengzhi
Published: February 2013

In order to resolve the problem that collusion attack on attribute‐based encryption (ABE) with multi‐authority, we firstly formulize user action of making request for key into legality and collusion by the relationship between user's attributes and decryption threshold. Furthermore, we propose an ABE scheme without presenting user's global ID (GID). In our first system, a trusted central authority assists each attribute authority (AA) to independently run a security check for users' requests, such that only legal users have power to decrypt a message. In order to prevent a malicious user from passing security check by submitting duplication request to AA, we improve the first system by our second system, where the same requests of different users are transformed into different ones associated with the subset of attributes indexes. Finally, in order to adapt this transformation to ABE, discrete Fourier transform and inverse discrete Fourier transform are used to share and recover secret key, respectively. As shown in the results of security and performance evaluation, our scheme not only improves user's privacy but also is more efficient than existing ABE schemes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outlier detection in reputation management system for P2P networks using rough set theory
Authors: Selvaraj Chithra , Anand Sheila
Published: February 2013

Peer‐to‐peer (P2P) networks are distributed, decentralized, dynamic networks that are self‐organized and self‐managed. P2P networks have emerged over the past several years as an effective and scalable medium for sharing distributed resources. However, determining the reliability and trustworthiness of the participating peers still remains a major security challenge. Reputation‐based trust management calculates peer trust as a measure of recommendations received from other peers. Malicious peers may give wrong reputation scores and also collude with other peers to make themselves or others appear trustworthy. In this paper, we propose the use of outlier detection technique to detect false testimony as outliers. We have applied rough set theory, an efficient and intelligent mathematical tool, to detect the outliers in the trust scores. We present the detailed methodology for implementing rough set theory for P2P network and detecting outlier scores in reputation metrics given by other peers and compared the model with the mechanism to detect outliers with the Eigen Trust model and eBay system. Trust computation without the outlier scores would be more accurate and enable proper verification and evaluation of peer trustworthiness. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TDPF: a traceback‐based distributed packet filter to mitigate spoofed DDoS attacks
Authors: Fallah Mehran S. , Kahani Nafiseh
Published: February 2013

Defense mechanisms against distributed denial‐of‐service (DDoS) attacks usually mitigate the attack by filtering out the excess traffic targeted at the victim. These defenses should be able to discriminate the attack from the legitimate traffic so that filtering can be selectively applied. The problem is exacerbated when spoofed addresses are used in attack packets. This paper proposes traceback‐based distributed packet filter (TDPF), a novel distributed packet filtering mechanism that employs IP traceback as a means for traffic discrimination. In this defense mechanism, packet filters are relocated to the routers nearer the attack sources whenever the traceback algorithm adds such nodes to the attack tree. The filtering probabilities at packet filters are also dynamically adjusted to the volume of traffic the victim receives from each filtering router. In this way, TDPF is able to achieve a high throughput of legitimate traffic while blocking malicious flows. The burden it imposes on a participating router is negligible as well. Moreover, unlike the earlier traceback‐based defenses, it can defend against intense DDoS attacks. Experimental results show that TDPF is effective in different attack scenarios. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crosslinked Carbon Dots as Ultra‐Bright Fluorescence Probes
Authors: Anilkumar Parambath , Cao Li , Yu Jing‐Jiang , Tackett Kenneth N. , Wang Ping , Meziani Mohammed J. , Sun Ya‐Ping
Published: February 2013

Carbon dots (surface‐passivated small carbon nanoparticles) are crosslinked to result in fluorescence probes containing one or multiple dots. For the single‐dot probes, the crosslinking further stabilizes the dot structure, while for those packed with multiple dots, the individual probe imaging results demonstrate that the fluorescence properties are additive, with more dots for higher emission intensities in a proportional fashion, thus enabling the preparation of ultra‐bright fluorescence probes.
Rule‐based requirements management methodology
Authors: Kotejoshyer Badari , Singh Birendra , Tittibha Suhas
Published: February 2013

This paper proposes a methodology to identify and prevent/control noncompliances and conflicts arisingout of requirement attribute values during requirements management. It is intended to provide a cost‐effective approach for managing noncompliances in projects that employ the requirements based engineering approach. The method involves continuous checking and monitoring of requirement attribute values using a rule‐based engine concept. This methodology can serve as an enhanced feature for any commercial requirement management application software available today (such as IBM DOORS© and Seimens TcSE©).The methodology offers the following advantages:

It enables standardization in the development and management of requirement modules.

It decreases development and maintenance cost for requirement modules by reducing the effort needed for audits, compliance checks, rework and others.

Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Paleoelevation estimates for the northern and central proto–Basin and Range from carbonate clumped isotope thermometry
Authors: Lechler Alex R. , Niemi Nathan A. , Hren Michael T. , Lohmann Kyger C.
Published: February 2013

Quantitative paleoelevation histories can help explain both why and how widespread Cenozoic extension occurred in the Basin and Range Province of western North America. We present new estimates of preextensional paleoelevations for the northern and central Basin and Range using clumped isotope (Δ47) thermometry of lacustrine carbonates collected from each region. Comparison of carbonate Δ47‐derived mean annual air temperature (MAAT) estimates (~16°C–20°C) for the Late Cretaceous–Eocene Sheep Pass basin of east central Nevada with published MAAT estimates for the Eocene, coastal northern Sierra Nevada (~20°C–25°C), suggests that the early Paleogene Sheep Pass basin had a paleoelevation of ≤2 km. Such a modest paleoelevation suggests that either (1) the proto–northern Basin and Range did not attain maximum paleoelevations of 3–4 km until the late Eocene–early Oligocene; or (2) the Sheep Pass basin was a local, high‐relief (>1 km) setting contained within a >3 km orogenic highland (“Nevadaplano”). Similarity of Δ47‐derived MAAT estimates (~17°C–24°C) for carbonates from the central Basin and Range and the near–sea level southern Sierra Nevada Bena basin indicate that middle Miocene paleoelevations in the Death Valley region were ≤1.5 km. These fairly low paleoelevations are incompatible with preextensional crustal thicknesses >52 km and indicate that mean elevation change was minor (≤500 m) and lithospheric mass was not conserved during >100% Neogene extension of the central Basin and Range, but was instead likely compensated by synextensional magmatic additions to the crust.
Research for Practice: The Management of Expatriates
Authors: McEvoy Glenn M. , Buller Paul F.
Published: February 2013

The objective of this article is to identify expatriate management research questions of interest to international human resource (IHR) managers. We conducted an in‐depth literature review, interviewed a small sample of IHR managers, and reviewed commercially available large sample surveys of IHR managers. Results suggest that IHR managers are concerned about determinants of the decision to accept an offer of expatriation, why expatriates show so little interest in training, perceived equity in rewards, and other areas not well studied to date. The article discusses implications for academics wishing to make their research more relevant to IHR managers and global organizations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diagnosis and management of intramural ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Memtsa M. , Jamil A. , Sebire N. , Jauniaux E. , Jurkovic D.
Published: February 2013

Intramural pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy, and little is known about its etiology, prevalence and natural history. There is no consensus regarding the ultrasound criteria necessary for the diagnosis of intramural pregnancy, and management strategies vary depending on the severity of clinical presentation, exact location of the pregnancy, viability and gestational age at diagnosis. We present four cases of intramural pregnancy diagnosed in a single institution that illustrate variability in their clinical presentation and difficulty in reaching the correct diagnosis. We also propose a set of ultrasound criteria to facilitate differential diagnosis between intramural and other types of uterine ectopic pregnancy. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Can new colored particles illuminate the Higgs?
Authors: Bertuzzo E. , Machado P. A. N. , Funchal R. Zukanovich
Published: February 2013

Abstract

We analyze the behavior of Higgs to diphoton rate and Higgs gluon-gluon production cross section in minimal extensions of the Standard Model comprising new colored vector-like fermions that do not mix with the ordinary ones. We compare these information with constraints coming from electroweak precision measurements. We compute pair production cross sections for the lightest fermion and discuss the LHC bounds. Finally, we study the phenomenology of possible quarkonium states composed by thesenew colored fermions.
DksA2, a zinc‐independent structural analog of the transcription factor DksA
Authors: Furman Ran , Biswas Tapan , Danhart Eric M. , Foster Mark P. , Tsodikov Oleg V. , Artsimovitch Irina
Published: February 2013

DksA2 and DksA2 bind by X‐ray crystallography (View interaction)
Caveolin‐1 up‐regulates integrin α2,6‐sialylation to promote integrin α5β1‐dependent hepatocarcinoma cell adhesion
Authors: Yu Shengjin , Fan Jianhui , Liu Linhua , Zhang Lijun , Wang Shujing , Zhang Jianing
Published: February 2013

The alterations of integrin glycosylation play a crucial role in tumor metastasis. Our previous studies indicated that caveolin‐1 promoted the expression of the key α2,6‐sialytransferase ST6Gal‐I and fibronectin‐mediated adhesion of mouse hepatocarcinoma cell. Herein, we investigated the role of α2,6‐sialylated α5‐integrin in the adhesion of mouse hepatocarcinoma H22 cell. We demonstrated that caveolin‐1 up‐regulated cell surface α2,6‐linked sialic acid via stimulating ST6Gal‐I transcription. Cell surface α2,6‐sialylation was required for integrin α5β1‐dependent cell adhesion to fibronectin, and an increase in α2,6‐linked sialic acid on α5‐subunit facilitated fibronectin‐mediated focal adhesion kinase phosphorylations, suggesting that α2,6‐sialylated α5‐subunit promoted integrin α5β1‐dependent cell adhesion.
A fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)‐based redox sensor reveals physiological role of thioredoxin in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Oku Masahide , Hoseki Jun , Ichiki Yayoi , Sakai Yasuyoshi
Published: February 2013

The physiological roles of the thioredoxin isozymes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were investigated using a novel FRET‐based redox probe, Redoxfluor. After establishing responsiveness of the probe toward thioredoxin, we followed the fluorescence signal of Redoxfluor expressed in the yeast and found that one of the thioredoxin isozymes, Trx2, was required for maintaining the redox status when stationary culture of the organism was exposed to starvation and mild‐heat stresses. The failure to maintain redox balance under the tested condition preceded decreased viability of the trx2 mutants, indicating the functional importance of the cytoplasmic thioredoxin in adaptation to environmental changes.
α‐Galacturonidase(s): A new class of Family 4 glycoside hydrolases with strict specificity and a unique CHEV active site motif
Authors: Thompson John , Pikis Andreas , Rich Jamie , Hall Barry G. , Withers Stephen G.
Published: February 2013

The catalytic activity of the Family 4 glycosidase LplD protein, whose active site motif is CHEV, is unknown despite its crystal structure having been determined in 2008. Here we identify that activity as being an α‐galacturonidase whose natural substrate is probably α‐1,4‐di‐galacturonate (GalUA2). Phylogenetic analysis shows that LplD belongs to a monophyletic clade of CHEV Family 4 enzymes, of which four other members are also shown to be galacturonidases. Family GH 4 enzymes catalyze the cleavage of the glycosidic bond, via a non‐canonical redox‐assisted mechanism that contrasts with Koshland's double‐displacement mechanism.
ECHS1 interacts with STAT3 and negatively regulates STAT3 signaling
Authors: Chang Yan , Wang Shao-Xin , Wang Yu-Bo , Zhou Jie , Li Wei-Hua , Wang Na , Fang Di-Feng , Li Hui-Yan , Li Ai-Ling , Zhang Xue-Min , Zhang Wei-Na
Published: February 2013

STAT3 physically interacts with ECHS1 by anti bait co immunoprecipitation (View interaction)
Interaction between soluble Aβ‐(1–40) monomer and Aβ‐(1–42) fibrils probed by paramagnetic relaxation enhancement
Authors: Yamaguchi Takahiro , Matsuzaki Katsumi , Hoshino Masaru
Published: February 2013

A beta‐(1–42) and A beta‐(1–40) bind by nuclear magnetic resonance (View interaction)
Contiguous RNA editing sites in the mitochondrial nad1 transcript of Arabidopsis thaliana are recognized by different proteins
Authors: Arenas-M Anita , Takenaka Mizuki , Moreno Sebastián , Gómez Isabel , Jordana Xavier
Published: February 2013

Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins have been identified as site‐specific factors for RNA editing in plant organelles. These proteins recognize cis‐elements near the editing site. It is unclear how contiguous sites are addressed, and whether one or two factors are required. We here show the PPR MEF25 to be essential for RNA editing at the nad1‐308 site in Arabidopsis mitochondria. Another editing site just one nucleotide upstream, nad1‐307, is edited normally in mef25 mutant lines. This finding shows that two independent factors recognizing similar cis‐elements are involved at these contiguous sites without competing with each other in vivo.
Amino acid sequence determinants in self‐assembly of insulin chiral amyloid superstructures: Role of C‐terminus of B‐chain in association of fibrils
Authors: Babenko Viktoria , Dzwolak Wojciech
Published: February 2013

HEWL and HEWLbind by atomic force microscopy (View interaction)
“You Have Votes and Power”: Women's Political Engagement with the Irish Question in Britain, 1919–23
Authors: Moulton Mo
Published: February 2013

The Anglo-Irish War of 1919–21 spurred organized political activity among women in Britain, including former suffragists who campaigned against coercion in Ireland and members of the Irish minority in Britain who supported more radical republican efforts to achieve Irish independence. Their efforts are particularly significant because they occurred immediately after the granting of partial suffrage to women in 1918. This article argues that the advent of female suffrage changed the landscape of women's political mobilization in distinct ways that were made visible by advocacy on Ireland, including the regendering of the discourse of citizenship and the creation of new opportunities beyond the vote for women to exercise political power. At the same time, the use of women's auxiliary organizations and special meetings and the strategic blurring of the public and private spheres through the political use of domestic spaces all indicate the strength of continuities with nineteenth-century antecedents. The article further situates women's political advocacy on Ireland in an imperial and transnational context, arguing that it was part of the process of reconceptualizing Britain's postwar global role whether through outright anti-imperialism, in the case of Irish republicans, or through humanitarianism and the new internationalism, in the case of most former suffragists. Finally, the article examines the failure of these two groups of women to forge alliances with each other, underscoring the ways in which both class and nationality challenged a notional common interest based on sex.
Daily News and the Construction of Time in Late Stuart England, 1695–1714
Authors: Claydon Tony
Published: February 2013

Recent scholarship has suggested that frequent receipt of news, especially in new media such as newspapers, altered conceptions of time in the early modern period. In particular, a new and modern “present” was born. This occupied a half-known and semifluid point between the fixity of the past and the unpredictability of the future. It created an imagined contemporaneous moment that linked geographically dispersed events. It was progressive, appearing to move the world ever forward into a novel state. However, close examination of English newspapers in the period 1695–1713, the first era of sustained news periodicals, calls these suggestions into question. Certainly the press of this era provided a constant and corrective update of information from all over Europe. This might have encouraged a sense of a fluid, contemporaneous, and progressive present. However, newspapers also tended to catalog information like a chronicle, which had the potential to fix contents as established history rather than fluid news. Delays in communication from distant places and journalistic practices of holding back stories for later publication ensured that information of different ages was presented on the same page. This destroyed any clear sense of a contemporaneous moment. The requirement to print the next issue even when there was no new information drew explicit attention to the lack of progressive development in some stories. This article posits a highly fractured presentation of time in later Stuart newspapers. It suggests that this is perhaps best analyzed by concepts drawn from “postmodern” theory rather than a hunt for emerging features of “modernity.”
Dynamics of droplet breakup in a T-junction
Authors: Hoang D. A. , Portela L. M. , Kleijn C. R. , Kreutzer M. T. , van Steijn V.
Published: February 2013

The breakup of droplets due to creeping motion in a confined microchannel geometry is studied using three-dimensional numerical simulations. Analogously to unconfined droplets, there exist two distinct breakup phases: (i) a quasi-steady droplet deformation driven by the externally applied flow; and (ii) a surface-tension-driven three-dimensional rapid pinching that is independent of the externally applied flow. In the first phase, the droplet relaxes back to its original shape if the externally applied flow stops; if the second phase is reached, the droplet will always break. Also analogously to unconfined droplets, there exist two distinct critical conditions: (i) one that determines whether the droplet reaches the second phase and breaks, or it reaches a steady shape and does not break; and (ii) one that determines when the rapid autonomous pinching starts. We analyse the second phase using stop–flow simulations, which reveal that the mechanism responsible for the autonomous breakup is similar to the end-pinching mechanism for unconfined droplets reported in the literature: the rapid pinching starts when, in the channel mid-plane, the curvature at the neck becomes larger than the curvature everywhere else. The same critical condition is observed in simulations in which we do not stop the flow: the breakup dynamics and the neck thickness corresponding to the crossover of curvatures are similar in both cases. This critical neck thickness depends strongly on the aspect ratio, and, unlike unconfined flows, depends only weakly on the capillary number and the viscosity contrast between the fluids inside and outside the droplet.
Dumbbell micro-robot driven by flow oscillations
Authors: Vladimirov V. A.
Published: February 2013

In this paper we study the self-propulsion of a dumbbell micro-robot submerged in a viscous fluid. The micro-robot consists of two rigid spherical beads connected by a rod or a spring; the rod/spring length changes periodically. The constant density of each sphere differs from the density of the fluid, while the whole micro-robot has neutral buoyancy. An effective oscillating gravity field is created via rigid-body oscillations of the fluid. Our calculations show that the micro-robot undertakes both translational and rotational motion. Using an asymptotic procedure containing a two-time method and a distinguished limit, we obtain analytic expressions for the averaged self-propulsion velocity and averaged angular velocity. The important special case of zero angular velocity represents rectilinear self-propulsion with constant velocity. In particular, we have shown that: (a) no unidirectional oscillations of a fluid result in self-propulsion; and (b) for the oscillations of a fluid in two directions rectilinear motion of a micro-robot can be achieved.
ON THE -SEMISIMPLICITY OF THE -ALGEBRA ON AN ABELIAN -SEMIGROUP
Authors: BHATT S. J. , DABHI P. A. , DEDANIA H. V.
Published: February 2013

Towards an involutive analogue of a result on the semisimplicity of ${\ell }^{1} (S)$ by Hewitt and Zuckerman, we show that, given an abelian $\ast $-semigroup $S$, the commutative convolution Banach $\ast $-algebra ${\ell }^{1} (S)$ is $\ast $-semisimple if and only if Hermitian bounded semicharacters on $S$ separate the points of $S$; and we search for an intrinsic separation property on $S$ equivalent to $\ast $-semisimplicity. Very many natural involutive analogues of Hewitt and Zuckerman’s separation property are shown not to work, thereby exhibiting intricacies involved in analysis on $S$.
URBAN POVERTY AND UTILIZATION OF MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH CARE SERVICES IN INDIA
Authors: PRAKASH RAVI , KUMAR ABHISHEK
Published: February 2013

Drawing upon data from the third round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) conducted in India during 2005–06, this study compares the utilization of selected maternal and child health care services between the urban poor and non-poor in India and across selected Indian states. A wealth index was created, separately for urban areas, using Principal Component Analysis to identify the urban poor. The findings suggest that the indicators of maternal and child health care are worse among the urban poor than in their non-poor counterparts. For instance, the levels of antenatal care, safe delivery and childhood vaccinations are much lower among the urban poor than non-poor, especially in socioeconomically disadvantageous states. Among all the maternal and child health care indicators, the non-poor/poor difference is most pronounced for delivery care in the country and across the states. Other than poverty status, utilization of antenatal services by mothers increases the chances of safe delivery and child immunization at both national and sub-national levels. The poverty status of the household emerged as a significant barrier to utilization of health care services in urban India.
COMPARISON OF TWINNING RATES FOR VILLAGES IN MAKARSKA REGION, CROATIA
Authors: SUNDE JADRANKA , BORIĆ MATIJA , URLIĆ NATALIJA , URLIĆ LARA
Published: February 2013

A detailed database on the genealogy of the Makarska region in Croatia has been created. The twinning rate for three villages in the region (Podgora, Tučepi and Brela) were analysed over the period 1870 to 1940 and factors such as mother's age and birth order are discussed. Of the three villages, Podgora was identified as having the highest twinning rate and consequently records for Podgora were examined further to include almost 400 years of historical data (from 1621 to 1950).
Money for Empire: The Yokohama Specie Bank Monetary Emissions Before and After the May Fourth (Wusi) Boycott of 1919
Authors: HORESH NIV
Published: February 2013

Over the last three decades, a considerable body of English-language academic work has shed much light on Japan's empire-building project in Greater China during the first half of the twentieth century. At the same time, Japanese-language studies of the country's pre-war financial history have also grown in leaps and bounds. Yet, to date, neither body of literature seems to have fully examined what might appear to the naked eye as one of the critical pre-war junctures, where Japanese financial history converged on imperial policy and Chinese nationalist responses thereto.1 This paper will therefore aim to fill part of the gap by examining how the Yokohama Specie Bank, arguably the backbone of Japanese finance in China Proper, was affected by Chinese anti-foreign boycotts throughout the pre-war era (1842–1937).
SENSATIONAL SERMONIZING: ELLEN WOOD,GOOD WORDS, AND THE CONVERSION OF THE POPULAR
Authors: Bizzotto Julie
Published: February 2013

In the nineteenth century Britainunderwent a period of immense religious doubt and spiritual instability, prompted in part by German biblical criticism, the development of advanced geological and evolutionary ideas forwarded by men such as Charles Lyell and Charles Darwin, and the crisis in faith demonstrated by many high profile Church members, particularly John Henry Newman's conversion to Catholicism in 1845. In tracing the development of this religious disbelief, historian Owen Chadwick comments that “mid-Victorian England asked itself the question, for the first time in popular understanding, is Christian faith true?” (Victorian Church: Part I1). Noting the impact of the 1859 publication of Darwin'sOrigin of Speciesand the multi-authored collectionEssays and Reviewsin 1860, Chadwick further posits that “part of the traditional teaching of the Christian churches was being proved, little by little, to be untrue” (Victorian Church: Part I88). As the theological debate over the truth of the Bible intensified so did the question of how to reach, preach, and convert the urbanized and empowered working and middle classes. Indicative of this debate was the immense popularity of the Baptist preacher Charles Spurgeon, who was commonly referred to as the “Prince of Preachers.” Spurgeon exploded onto the religious scene in the mid-1850s and his theatrical and expressive form of oratory polarized mid-Victorian society as to the proper, most effective mode of preaching. In print culture, the emergence of the religious periodicalGood Words, with its unique fusion of spiritual and secular material contributed by authors from an array of denominations, demonstrated a concurrent re-evaluation within the religious press of the evolving methods of disseminating religious discourse. The 1864 serialization of Ellen Wood'sOswald CrayinGood Wordsemphasizes the magazine's interest in combining and synthesizing religious and popular material as a means of revitalizing interest in religious sentiment. In 1860 Wood's novelEast Lynnewas critically categorized as one of the first sensation novels of the 1860s, a decade in which “sensational” became the modifier of the age. Wood, alongside Wilkie Collins and Mary Elizabeth Braddon, was subsequently referred to as one of the original creators of sensation fiction, a genre frequently denigrated as scandalous and immoral.Oswald Cray, however, sits snugly among the sermons, parables, and social mission essays that fill the pages ofGood Words.
Hybrid Detectors Improved Time-Lapse Confocal Microscopy of PML and 53BP1 Nuclear Body Colocalization in DNA Lesions
Authors: Foltánková Veronika , Matula Pavel , Sorokin Dmitry , Kozubek Stanislav , Bártová Eva
Published: February 2013

We used hybrid detectors (HyDs) to monitor the trajectories and interactions of promyelocytic leukemia (GFP-PML) nuclear bodies (NBs) and mCherry-53BP1-positive DNA lesions. 53BP1 protein accumulates in NBs that occur spontaneously in the genome or in γ-irradiation-induced foci. When we induced local DNA damage by ultraviolet irradiation, we also observed accumulation of 53BP1 proteins into discrete bodies, instead of the expected dispersed pattern. In comparison with photomultiplier tubes, which are used for standard analysis by confocal laser scanning microscopy, HyDs significantly eliminated photobleaching of GFP and mCherry fluorochromes during image acquisition. The low laser intensities used for HyD-based confocal analysis enabled us to observe NBs for the longer time periods, necessary for studies of the trajectories and interactions of PML and 53BP1 NBs. To further characterize protein interactions, we used resonance scanning and a novel bioinformatics approach to register and analyze the movements of individual PML and 53BP1 NBs. The combination of improved HyD-based confocal microscopy with a tailored bioinformatics approach enabled us to reveal damage-specific properties of PML and 53BP1 NBs.
Task-Switching Methodology
Authors: Rahamim Ofer , Bar-Anan Yoav , Shahar Golan , Meiran Nachshon
Published: February 2013

In this paper, the authors review studies involving switching between an evaluative task and a nonevaluative task as a means to indirectly assess evaluative processes in the context of research of attitudes, psychopathology, and personality traits. Two task-switching indices, Switching Cost and Task Rule Congruency Effect, which represent two distinct sets of processes, have been used so far and can be assessed simultaneously. The authors suggest that using task-switching methodology as a platform provides significant methodological as well as theoretical advantages, which they attribute to the heightened involvement of the individual’s goal system, characterizing the task-switching paradigm.
On the Role of Dissipating Inhibition in Task Switching
Authors: Vandierendonck André
Published: February 2013

The n-2 repetition cost has been explained by persisting inhibition of a previously valid task set which dissipates over time. This account has two implications, namely that the switch cost decreases with the number of tasks involved in switching and that the cost should also be observed in switching between two tasks. Neither of these implications is supported by empirical evidence. An alternative view is briefly discussed.
No ATG is an island—the connection of autophagy with diverse pathways and functions
Authors: Komatsu Masaaki , Kuma Akiko , Okamoto Koji
Published: February 2013

The sixth International Symposium on Autophagy took place in October 2012 in Okinawa, Japan. It brought together scientists from all over the world to cultivate a better understanding of cutting‐edge autophagy research from molecular mechanisms to disease states.
Protein recognition of the S23906-1–DNA adduct by nuclear proteins: direct involvement of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)
Authors: Lenglet Gaëlle , Depauw Sabine , Mendy Denise , David-Cordonnier Marie-Hélène
Published: February 2013

In a view to develop new DNA alkylating antitumour drugs, evaluating the precise mechanism of action and the molecular/cellular consequences of the alkylation is a point of major interest. The benzo-b-acronycine derivative S23906-1 alkylates guanine nucleobases in the minor groove of the DNA helix and presents an original ability to locally open the double helix of DNA, which appears to be associated with its cytotoxic activity. However, the molecular mechanism linking adduct formation to cellular consequences is not precisely known. The objective of the present study was to identify proteins involved in the recognition and mechanism of action of S23906–DNA adducts. We found that GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) is a protein that binds to S23906-alkylated single-stranded, double-stranded and telomeric sequences in a drug-dependent and DNA sequence/structure-dependent manner. We used the CASTing (cyclic amplification of sequence targeting) method to identify GAPDH DNA-binding selectivity and then evaluated its binding to such selected S23906-alkylated sequences. At the cellular level, alkylation of S23906-1 results in an increase in the binding of GAPDH and its protein partner HMG (high-mobility group) B1 to the chromatin. Regarding the multiple roles of GAPDH in apoptosis and DNA repair, the cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of GAPDH were evaluated and present opposite effects in two different cellular models.
Broadband substrate integrated waveguide edge‐guided mode isolator
Authors: Fesharaki F. , Akyel C. , Wu K.
Published: February 2013

An edge‐guided mode isolator based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology is presented. A matching transition section from a ferrite isolator in a SIW to a microstrip is introduced and developed. Supporting experiments have been conducted to confirm the predicted performance of the new structure.
100 GHz transformer‐coupled quadrature oscillator
Authors: Lin K.‐T. , Chen H.‐K. , Lu S.‐S.
Published: February 2013

A 96.4–100.8 GHz quadrature oscillator utilising transformer‐coupled and magnetic tuning techniques has been implemented in 90 nm CMOS technology. Under 1 V supply operation, experimental results show that the phase and amplitude error between I and Q paths are smaller than 1.6° and 0.9 dB with power dissipation from 8.7 to 21 mW. The measured phase noise is − 110.4 dBc/Hz at 10 MHz‐offset away from the downconverted 98.6 GHz carrier. This oscillator occupies a chip area of 0.357 mm2.
Instantaneous frequency measurement with adjustable measurement range and resolution based on polarisation modulator
Authors: Zhang Hualin , Pan Shilong
Published: February 2013

An instantaneous frequency measurement scheme incorporating a polarisation‐modulator‐(PolM)‐based link is proposed and demonstrated. With the adjustable dispersion‐induced microwave power penalties in the PolM‐based link, the measurement range and resolution can be easily tuned. Therefore, optimised resolution for a specific measurement range can be achieved. An experiment has been performed and a frequency measurement range of 3.3–18.7 GHz with a measurement resolution of ±0.15 GHz was achieved.
Distributed stochastic buffering for enterprise WLAN architectures
Authors: Kim J.H. , Ryu E.‐S.
Published: February 2013

The emergence of enterprise WLAN as a key technology has posed numerous challenges to researchers. Presented is a novel, theoretically‐grounded, distributed dynamic buffering mechanism to address two of those challenges, namely, buffer stability and power consumption costs. The proposed mechanism optimally controls the buffer dynamics of system switches, thereby guaranteeing buffer queue stability, and minimising time‐average expected power expenditure, thereby decreasing costs.
300 GHz vector‐sum phase shifter using InP DHBT amplifiers
Authors: Yu H.G. , Lee K.J. , Kim M.
Published: February 2013

A vector‐sum phase shifter that provides 90° phase control with a positive signal gain is successfully demonstrated at WR‐3 band. The integrated circuit consists of input and output microstrip power dividers and two InP DHBT amplifiers with a 300 GHz gain of 14.8 dB. The measurements on a fabricated phase shifter show offset phases of − 46°, − 22°, 0°, 25°, 57° and signal gain of 7.7 to 10.1 dB at 300 GHz.
Design and tuning of superconducting filter at VHF‐band with mechanically switchable interdigital capacitors
Authors: Ying Zhijun , Guo Xubo , Cao Bisong , Wei Bin , Zhang Xiaoping
Published: February 2013

A tunable superconducting resonator consisting of a microstrip spiral and an 8‐bit switchable interdigital capacitor array, controlled by eight mechanical switches, is presented. The measured tuning range of the resonator is 1 MHz from 198.2 to 199.2 MHz with a fine average resolution of 4 kHz and an unloaded Q of over 55000. A four‐pole narrowband superconducting filter at 198.7 MHz with 0.2% fractional bandwidth is designed with this resonator and fabricated. By changing the states of the mechanical switches, the resonant frequency of each resonator and hence the frequency response of the filter is successfully tuned.