bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring Faculty-Student Interaction in Online Courses Using Asynchronous Discussion Boards
Authors: Gasell Crystal
Published: June 2020

Online learning is growing. As such, institutions want to grow programs, while ensuring quality.
Part of ensuring quality in online courses is ensuring that there is regular and substantive
interaction (RSI) between students and instructors. Discussion boards are often used in online
courses as a way to promote social exchange, interaction, and the discussion of course concepts.
Therefore, discussion board activity can provide a glimpse into the RSI that occur between students
and instructors. Until recently, data from learning management systems was difficult to access and
analyze. However, advances in technology and an increased interest in learning analytics provides
researchers and institutions with billions of data points about student and instructor activity
within a learning management system (LMS). This study used LMS data to explore the frequency of
interaction between instructors and students in discussion boards in online courses at one institution.
415 courses were selected for the study, spanning two semesters. Results from the study found that the
average number of posts by an instructor was 32.9. The average instructor interaction was 1.49
instructor posts per student. 23% of courses had no instructor posts. Student posts averaged 470 per
course and the average posts per student was 19.9. Based on the discussion board activity, the most
discussion interaction occurred during the first two weeks of the semester. Results suggested that
there is no relationship between student satisfaction and the number of total posts in a course.
Presidential Influence and Competitive Grant Funding
Authors: Albert Benjamin
Published: June 2020

How does partisan alignment with the president affect the distribution of federal
competitive grant funding? This analysis contributes to the literature on distributive
politics by reexamining the relationship between alignment with the president and
competitive grant funding over the time period of 2001 to 2017. Furthermore, the
analysis will test if the relationship between alignment and competitive grant funding
changed after the enactment of the 2011 earmark moratorium. Fractional probit regression
is used to model the relationship between a representative's partisan alignment
with the president and the portion of annual competitive grant funding that their district
receives. The results suggest that there is no relationship between alignment and competitive
grant funding when looking at grant funding across all federal agencies. However, when only
examining agencies that are susceptible to presidential influence a weak relationship emerges.
Findings also suggest that this relationship developed after the enactment of the earmark moratorium.
Every Bird a Rival
Authors: Teruya Jacqueline R.
Published: June 2020

Every Bird a Rival is a collection of short stories that explore nature,
space, and belonging. With a mix of flash fiction and short stories, the collection
brings together stories about characters looking for home often outside of the confines
of four walls. There is a theme of the in between that the biracial characters exist in
and search for placement and belonging when they are of two worlds. The natural world
plays a pivotal role throughout the collection. It is through the natural world—landscape,
animals, biology— that characters come to understand their place in their own narrative.
From two kids in the aftermath of the Northridge earthquake, a young scientist seeking what it
means to be a woman in this world, a group of boys losing their neighborhood, a budding
ornithologist searching for meaning in fallen nests— there is a shared longing for
what is just outside of their reach. Below I have included the table of contents and the
final short story, "How to Spot a Whale."
Designing STEM Experiences for the Family in Order to Develop STEM Family Habitus and Capital
Authors: Galaviz Soñia
Published: June 2020

Ethnic minority students and low-income students are grossly underrepresented in
demonstrating interest and aspirations in science, evidence of science participation,
and subsequent capital. Members of these populations do not often embrace a STEM identity
or recognize that science, technology, engineering, and math are for them. While schools
struggle to innovate in terms of how best to engage and increase aspirations and opportunities
in STEM for these underrepresented populations, the family continues to be the most ignored
contributor to a student's STEM identity. Families play an important role in influencing their
students' attitudes, interests, aspirations, and achievements in STEM. While research exists
that points to a family's capital and dispositions towards science - known as habitus - to
influence their children's STEM identity, there is no research that examines deliberately-designed
STEM experiences for the family, as a direct intervention meant to enhance a students' science
identity. Given that identity development is a lengthy process, this study attended to the
hypothesized precursors: STEM capital and STEM family habitus. Specifically, this study sought
to answer in what ways designed STEM experiences were meaningful for families in the development
of STEM capital and the support of STEM habitus. Drawing on parent and student surveys after the
family STEM events, observations, and interviews, the findings demonstrate that the designed STEM
experiences were significant in building capital through meaningful conversations and connections.
The family's burgeoning STEM habitus was also made visible through developing interests, both by
parents and students. The designed STEM experiences were instrumental in connecting families to
STEM investigations, developing a community of learners, and providing access to STEM participation
they might not have had on their own. Implications of these findings for education stakeholders
include deliberate design methods to maximize family engagement and interest, as well as ways to
develop a STEM community of practice within underrepresented populations.
Pulmonary function tests in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Kamal Sayed Ali Dina
Published: June 2020

BPD (bronchopulmonary dysplasia) is the most common complication of preterm birth for all gestational ages. The phenotype seen with BPD is the end result of a complex multifactorial process in which various pre-and postnatal factors compromise normal development in the immature lung. The aim of this study was to monitor the pulmonary function in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and to declare the hypothesis that BPD has different phenotypes, that could be detected by iPFT during their initial NICU stay.

This is a prospective study, in the period from Feb 2015 till April 2018. It includes 32 preterm infants (gestational age <37 weeks), were diagnosed as having primary bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) was done for all patients one day before discharge from NICU.

the median gestational age at birth was 29.6 weeks ([IQR], 27.6-28.9) and the median birth weight was 1500 g (IQR, 945-1760). At the time of iPFT, the median postmenstrual age 44 weeks (IQR, 39-47), the median weight was 4.25 kg (IQR, 3.25-5.350). There were 19 patients (60%) with obstructive, 9 patients (29%) with mixed, 4 patients (11%) with restrictive phenotypes.

our findings reveal that BPD has 3 distinct phenotypes. The different phenotypes of BPD must be taken into consideration in the management of such patients for better outcome. Future researches are needed in a larger scale to define accurately the bronchopulmonary dysplasia phenotypes
Fetomaternal outcome in elderly primigravida
Authors: Narwat Yogesh , Thatal Annet , Grace Luksom Pesona
Published: June 2020

Elderly primigravida is defined as women thirty five years of age or above who is pregnant for the first time. The advancement in the artificial reproductive technology have played an important part in delaying the pregnancy. Maternal age is no longer only important factor in women wishing for conception. Nevertheless the increased fetomaternal complication and consideration as a high risk leading to early intervention among these age group is of concern.

The objective of the study was to find out incidence and to determine fetomaternal outcome in elderly primigravida.

The study was cross sectional, conducted in Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur over a period of one and half year. Elderly primigravida admitted at term in hospital were studied for fetomaternal outcome.

Of 17890 delivery during the study period, 280 were elderly primigravida giving an incidence of 1.8%. Based on inclusion criteria, 166 were enrolled in study.

Maternal compilation seen were, Oligohydraminos 6.02%, Gestational hypertension 3.01%, Breech presentation 6.03%, PROM 4.2%, Placenta Praevia 2.4%, Gestational diabetes mellitus 0.6% and Twin gestation 2.4%.

Caesarean rate was 67.5% of which 62.5% was done for cephalopelvic disproportion. 5.3% baby was low birth weight.

Although fetomaternal complication in Elderly Primigravida is increased, with adequate antenatal care, early recognition of complication and timely intervention, optimum outcome can be expected. Further conclusion drawn from this study is rate of Caesarean section which is of concern and needs to be further assessed.
A rare case of ovarian vein thrombosis presenting as acute abdomen: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Francis Swati , Anvar Sadath Shameema , Krishna Devi , Cherian Rahul
Published: June 2020

One of the most rarest of the entities diagnosed is the ovarian vein thrombosis, especially when in the postpartum period which occurs in 0.05% -0.18% of the pregnancies mainly associated with the right side 90% of the times. The mortality and morbidity encountered has been found on a higher range if not diagnosed appropriately and at the right moment. We present forward a case of a 28-year-old woman at seven days postpartum presented with a severe excruciating right lower quadrant abdominal pain. Her contrast enhanced CT of the abdomen and pelvis revealed a large right ovarian vein thrombosis. The patient was managed as decided and planned by the involvement of a multidisciplinary team with antibiotics and anticoagulant therapy. This case we encountered illustrates the importance of prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment of OVT therefore planning at the best interest of the patient.
Fundamentalist Rules for the MenofAl-Asfiya School Using HashemJ ameel's Book Issues of Comparative Jurisprudence
Authors: A. Al-ani Mustafa
Published: June 2020

All Praise is due Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and peace and blessings be upon our Messenger Muhammad and due all his companions and due all his household. And after, This study reviews some of the fundamentalist issues raised byDr.HashemJamilinhis book Issues in Comparative Jurisprudence. It seeks to shed light on one of the most outstanding scholars across Fallujah and the larger Iraq, given that he is an Al-Asifiya alumna where Sheikh Abdulaziz Al-Samarrai was teaching (a school which produced hundreds of brilliant scholars). More specifically, I intend to review a number of key contributions made by Dr. Hashem Jamil during his scholarly career. I studied and analyzed some fundamentalist rules from Issues in Comparative Jurisprudence, given that it is one of the important textbooks taught in the faculties of Islamic Sciences whichshowsthewaytheinferentialcontradictionisremovedbetweenSunniandother resource in addition to the contradictions among prophetic hadiths. It is noteworthy that Sheikh Hashem Jameel has relied on the concrete evidence in hadith and Sunna rather than being influenced by a certain doctrine .
Keywords: Consensus, Measurement, Al- Asfiya School, Absolute, Restricted
Kathem Pasha Mosque in the City of Fallujah: History, Planning and Architecture
Authors: Al - darraji Saadi Ibrahim
Published: June 2020

This study examines the available documents relating to the ancient mosque in Fallujah and considers what they can reveal about the important historical status of the building. In particular, these archival documents provide details about the planning and architectural construction of the mosque, and considers its claims to being one of the most important mosques in the Islamic world. Our limited understanding about the cultural importance of these documents and the architectural heritage they pertain to, coupled with the lack of formal organizations to protect and preserve them, puts them at risk, along with the buildings themselves many of which were damaged during the period of American occupation and are in need of restoration. The construction and design of the Fallujah mosque displays a number of similar principles to the main mosques in Bagdhad, Mosul and the largest mosque in Anna, including the external uncovered praying house and the internal praying house divided into two galleries. This paper provides details of the architectural details and discuses the ways in which the mosque’s construction and design were influenced by economic and social circumstances at the time of construction as well as the surrounding inheritance of ancient architecture.
Keywords: Architecture, Endowments, Fallujah, Kathem Pasha, planning
Fallujah in Ottoman Period 1881-1917 A.D: Documentary Study
Authors: Karim Abbas Al.rawi Imad , Ali Jasem Al.Subaihi Qutaiba
Published: June 2020

The location of Fallujah, sitting on land and river transport routes, coupled with its proximity to Baghdad, contributed to its expansion at the end of the nineteenth century. The increase in population drew it to the attention of the Ottoman Empire. Formerly a village in the region of Saqlawiya, after the Ottomans constructed a large wooden bridge in 1885, it became the metropolitan centre for the region. At this time, the Ottomans also increaseds the size of their gharrison at Fallujah, to protect their burgeoning trade routes, especially those with Bagdhad. The city also gained a motor vessel to allow  it to transport goods and military equipment to Baghdad. This study considers these developments, and also dicusses the Ottoman policies of pacification and subjugation with regards to the Arab tribes living in villages around Fallujah, ranging from taxation and military force to peace-keeping mediation to prevent inter-tribal conflicts.
Keywords: Administration Side, Military Force, Ottoman State, Fallujah, Arabian Treble
Fallujah in the Writings of Foreign Travelers in the Ottoman Era
Authors: Hashim Ahmed Dhuwaib Jamal
Published: June 2020

Writings of foreign travelers have a prominent place in the modern history record of Fallujah, their views cannot be found in other sources. These writings recorded by foreign travelers have tackled economic, social, cultural and archaeological themes. However, one must be cautious in dealing with the information derived from such writings. This research paper investigates the writings of travelers to Fallujah from the second half of the16th century to the beginning of the 20th century. The journeys of these travelers were motivated by factors relating to geographic exploration, economic interests, scientific field studies, and intelligence activities. In search of a trade route to the east of Asia and India, Western colonial governments started exploring routes through the Cape of Good Hope and the Euphrates. Fallujah was the final destination along the Euphrates route, and many travelers journeyed there, and their writings contain descriptions of important stopping places along the river, the charming nature along the landscape, as well as the risks and difficulties of navigation. Travelers also recorded their views and observations of Fallujah’s houses, local economy, and the role of its port as a final travel destination en route Baghdad. The study offers new insights concerning some of the most prominent travelers who passed through Fallujah, including Cesar Frederick, Leonhardt Rauwolff, and Ralph Fitch. The information provided by these travelers can serve as a basis for a hypothesis suggesting that Fallujah was not established in the late 19th century, as some modern scholars argue but was actually-discovered during this period, having already thrived for several centuries.
Keywords: Foreign Travelers; Iraq; Ottoman Era; Euphrates; Fallujah.
Al Sheikh Abdul Hakim Zuein, Imam and the third preacher of the Great Mosque of Fallujah: A Study of his Life
Authors: Saleh Al-Nuaimi Saleh M. , Makled AlHamdani Taha A.
Published: June 2020

This paper deals with an under-researched figure who worked in the field of imamate and preached across Iraq, particularly in Fallujah. He lived during the Ottoman and royal eras and worked as an imam and preacher in their army. Sheikh Abdul Hakim Zuein was a veteran, worked as an imam and preacher at the Great Mosque of Fallujah in 1928 to 1930. He passed away in 1947 and was buried in Baghdad.
Elm Usool Al-Hadith"Written by: Sheikh Abdul Aziz Salem Al-Samarrai
Authors: Faraj Samer S. , Shafeeq Sarmad F.
Published: June 2020

There is no doubt that the Asfiyah school, represented by its Sheikh Abdul Aziz Salem Al-Samarrai,isprofoundlyimportanttothedefininganddisseminationofShariasciences in the city of Fallujah. Sheikh Abdul Aziz introduced the curriculum of Sharia science. One of those Islamic sciences was the “Basics of Prophetic Hadith” which was a great pillar of Islam. It is the second source of Islam after the holyQuran. Given the importance of the prophetic Hadith in Islamic life, Sheikh Abdulazeez wrote an introductory book about the“BasicsofPropheticHadith”.In this study, we review this book and offer new insights into its teachings. This research was divided into two sections: The first one deals with the biography of Sheikh Abdul Aziz. The second section focuses on the contents and teachings of the book. In the conclusion, we present the most important findings of this study.
Keywords: Abdul Aziz Al-Samarrai, Asfiyah, Editing, Hadith Rules.
The Teaching Curriculum of Al-Asfiaih School in the Decrees is a Model
Authors: Daoud Amjad , Al-Bajaree Mahmoud Khalaf
Published: June 2020

Obligatory is one of the greatest and most honourable sciences. It is Allah almighty who has ensured his status where he imposed the inheritances detailed by his great wisdom and divided among his people with his vast mercy. The Prophet’s Sunnah then explained the provisions of the inheritances by the concerted news and the famous relics. This knowledge was disseminated among the Sahaba, and those who followed them are jurists, even several of them have learned from themselves, and they have not returned him as a father, like all other sections of jurisprudence, and they have made great efforts in achieving the rules of inheritance, scrutinizing its titles and scrutinizing its issues to the point where they do not aspire to more. On this sober approach,Al-Asfias choolin Fallujah has been going since the beginning of its founding in teaching this science and taking care of it by adopting the curricula received by scholars by accepting away from extremism and extremism, including the Book of Rahbia of imam, Abu Abdullah Mohammed bin Ali bin Mohammed bin Mohammed bin Al-Hassan al-Rahbi died 577H. We wanted to highlight this book and the way it was taught through this research.
Keywords: The curriculum of the teaching of Al-Asfiaih school.
Geographical Analysis of Educational Services in the City of Fallujah during the Ottoman Period to the End of the Monarchy
Authors: Mohammed Jabbar Mohammadi Abdul Razzaq , Sabaar muhamad alshajiri Khalid
Published: June 2020

The study of educational life in the past is a fundamental pillar that contributes to the development of educational services in general and those of the city of Fallujah in particular. This paper covers the Ottoman period through to the Iraqi Monarchy. Before the creation of the Al-Asifia School, education was largely restrucied to small teaching circles to young children in matters related religion (limited to Holy Quran Recitation and Islamic Jurisprudence. However, the period of the Iraqi monarchy witnessed the establishment of ten school, five of them preparatory and three primary, in addition to two Islamic schools.This study explores the state of education at this time and assesses the quality of the schools. The most important recommendation of this research is that fact that policymakers must calculate and evaluate the longer term advantages and disadvantages when planning to implement new educational service matrices.
Keywords:Ottoman era, English occupation, monarchy, schools, kataeb
Inference Based On The Prophet's Hadith At "Asifya" Scholars Dr. Hashem Jameel In His Book Issues Of Comparative Jurisprudence: Model
Authors: M. Hussei Abdulqader
Published: June 2020

This study seeks to introduce one of the scholars of the religious school in Falluja and one of the most prominent contemporary scholars in Iraq (Dr. Hashim Jameel) and explain his approach in the deduction of the prophetic Hadiths in Islamic jurisprudence through his famous book Issues of Comparative Jurisprudence, which is the most important curricular book taught in the faculties of Islamic sciences in Iraq. The introduction to this study offers a brief overview of the Asifya school and the life of Dr. Hashim Jameel, together with a summary of his book. It is followed by five segments. The first deals with Jameel’s method of attributing Hadiths, the second with his method for rulings on Hadith or Isnad, the third considers his discreduiting and endorsement of the hadith narrators. The fourth considers debates surrounding the defects of Hadith, and the fifth looks at the enforcement of weak Hadith.
Keywords: (Asifya, attributing, Hadith, Hashem Jameel, Inference).
Learning Grammar and Morphology at "Asifyah" of Fallujah through Modern Linguistic Perspective
Authors: . Muhammad H. Muhamma
Published: June 2020

The first segment of this article consiers the learning grammar and morphology ay Asifya, while the second assesses it in the context of modern language lessons. This research uses an analytical approach to demonstrate that the Arabic language has a special character in its learning,education and use, owing to the nature of its historical depth, durability, and the uniqueness of some of its linguistic characteristics and its association with a sacred text is the Holy Qur’an, in which it is understood, and in the words of its discourse, from which judgments are derived.
Keywords: Asifyah, Descriptive, Grammar, Morphology, Normative, Teaching Languages.
Abdulaziz Ali A'raym 1891-1959
Authors: Al-Muslat Mansi Sh.Mohammed
Published: June 2020

Fallujah city is home to an outstanding number of national figures who played a glorious role in city’s social and political history. One of those characters was Abdulaziz A’raym who practiced along with his family, just from the beginning of his life, different activities including but not limited to commerce and the management of agricultural land in the rural areas of Fallujah. The fsmily’s high standard of living, as well as their generosity, enabled them to achieve a high position in the Anbarian society in both Fallujah and Ramadi Their mudheef (a tribal public reception hall)inFallujahteemedwithvisitorsfromfarand near places. This lofty reputation gave Al-Arim family at the time a chance to assume high public positions in the Iraqi nation untill the overthrow of the Iraqi Hashemite Monarchy.
Keywords: Aal Araym , Abdulaziz, Iraq,Fallujah,Royal Era.
The Upper Fallujah in the Arabic Islamic Sources
Authors: Abdalazez Saleh Almohamedi Othman
Published: June 2020

The study of cities can be difficult, especially when studying cities which are built in accordance with the desire of princes and sultans, or those which have been abandoned and become ruins. One example of this is the Upper Fallujah city, part of the chain of urban hubs linking Al-Shaam, Baghdad and the middle and south of Iraq due to its location on the Euphrates river. This has helped the Upper Fallujah city to expand and hold a position of importance at key points in different historical eras, stretching from the Babylonian to Islamic eras. This study explores the continued significance of the city, drawing on a range of historical and geographical sources.
Keywords: (Anbar,The Upper Fallujah, rapiqum, Ephrata rivek, Arabic Sources).
Fallujah Administration during the British Occupation and the Royal Era 1917-1958
Authors: Faisal Hamad Jamal
Published: June 2020

This study considers the management of Fallujah under the British occupation and the royal era 1917-1958, with particular emphasis on the functions of the mayor in Fallujah’s administration. This was a short-term post held by many individuals, first for the king, then the government, and later for the governor of the Dulaimbrigade. The mayor was extremely active in the administration of Fallujah, overseeing and evaluating the work of the various departments, including the directors of the municipality, state property, police, health and education.
Keywords: City Administration,British occupation, Municipal, Fallujah, TheRoyal Era.
Graduation fundamentalist for some of Fatwas Shakhe Abdulazeez Alsamarra's
Authors: Kareem Alisawi Raed
Published: June 2020

Praise and blessings are all due the Almighty Allah and due his Prophet Muhammed (PBUH) and due all his companions and all his household. The Islamic Jurisprudence is one of the loftiest fields of study. The relationship between jurisprudential principles with field of Islamic Jurisprudence is organic. Applying the jurisprudential rulings helps to steer the judge or the Islamic scholar away from excess or negligence. Guided by this fact, I plan to go through this field to extract the principles of the jurisprudential matters. It’s known that the jurisprudential extraction is based on three points: 1 Extracting the subordinate out of the subordinate 2 Extracting the fundamental from the subordinate 3 Extracting the subordinate from the fundamental. What matters mein this paper is the extraction of the fundamental from the subordinate as it uncovers the fundamentals and the principles of the Islamic Scholars out of their subordinate principles. This paper focuses on an important scholastic personality, Sheikh Abdulazeez AlSamarai. Following a brief introduction about Al-Samarrai, I focus on the importance of fatwa. I also define the fundamental extraction. I have in the conclusion duly extracted a small select of the Sheikh’s fatwas.
Keywords: Graduation fundamentalist Fatwas Abdulazeez Alsamarra’s
The Global Project of the Professor Taha Jabir Al-Alwani: Enriching and Reviewing the Islamic Experience in International Relations
Authors: Al-Alwani Mustafa Jaber
Published: June 2020

This paper tracks the scholarly formation of a scholar, whose writings have renewed the civilizational studies on global and humanitarian level sthrough universal unification, humanitarian recommendation, psychological reconstruction. The impact of this intellectual renewal in international relations is assessed in this study. The first part evaluates the Islamic experience in international relations by rendering values and globalism inherent international relations concepts. In this context, the study considers the book of Al-Diyar Jurisprudence interpretation and its impact on classifying people in terms of their beliefs. It reviews the impact of these beliefs on the “human unity”. It also underscores the reconsideration of the earth as a single home for a single family and how people need to be classified based on coexistence. This is followed by a considerationoftheHolyQuranasourceofjudgements,where renewal has reinstated the Holy Book in terms of content, rationale of revelation, an address to all people and a source of their values and as a globalism shaper. The second section offers a critique of western civilization, its knowledge pattern and the call for a globalized western civilization model.The third section considers the nature of post-Cold War characteristics, including, the impact of the internet revolution on the closeness among world communities and the justification for a global residence; the cultural impact of these developments, and the influence of cross-national factors in international relations such as religious movements.
Keywords: International Political Development, Global value matrix, globalism, succession on earth, human rights, Foreign Relations, globalization
The Effort of Sheikh Abdulaziz Salem Al-Samarrai in Terms of Prophetic Hadith: The Study and Analysis of his Book The Science of Hadith Origins
Authors: Farhan Humadi Mahmood
Published: June 2020

This research is a study of the effort exerted by Sheikh Abdul-Aziz Al-Samarrai in the Prophetic Hadith, in particular, I focus on his book on the science o fthe origins of the hadith. The introduction offers a brief overview of SheikhAbdal-Azizal-Samarrai’life including his family, his career, his qualities, and his death, followed by a summary of the sheikh's book. In the first section ,I discuss the defects that I found in his book, and in the second I consider the advantages of his book.
Keywords: Abdulaziz, advantages, defects efforts, Hadith origins.
Jurisprudence Books Alasfiyeh and Its Status among the Books of Jurisprudence
Authors: Sarhan Atiya Al-Rawi Noman , Ibrahim Abdul Majeed AlShaher Mohamme
Published: June 2020

The first section of this paper considers the Al-Asifiyayh school in terms of its origin, and the most prominent of its students. The second section examines the jurisprudence books that were studied in the school, exploring the scholars who wrote and studied these books, and how the previous scholars paid attention in terms of explanation, summarization,and transcription. Because of the importance, those books caught the respect of the publication houses They were printed in several editions in more than one house, an indication that they were highly valued.
Keywords: school Alasfiyeh- Place- Jurisprudence book- Jurisprudence
دور عشائر الفلوجه فی مقاومه الاحتلال البریطانی ثوره العشرین انموذجا
Authors: حمود محمد الحربی ابتسام , عزام حمد الدلیمی ثامر
Published: June 2020

Fallujah is an Anbarian city that was founded in 1926 as per the royal administration order no.(866).It's on the left side of the Euphrates. According to the 1950s administrative boundaries, Fallujah is adjacent to Khadhimya from the north, Mahmoudia district from the east and Msaib district from the southern Fallujah boundary. It is 65-km west of Baghdad. This city is linked by a single street that passes through the city thus dividing it into twin neighborhoods. It passes along the Fallujah iron bridge that was constructed by the British in 1929 so the British forces could travel between Bagdhad and Habbaniya. Surrounded by big orchards and farmlands, Fallujah is a small city whose populated area was no more than 4km2 in the 1920s. Fallujah had since its founding, a great impact on the political life in Baghdad.
Keywords: revolution, British, resistance, their enemies, population.
Analyzing An Organizational Change Process Using the HPO Framework: the Case of A Rwandese Bank
Authors: Habyarimana Béata , de Waal André
Published: June 2020

Over the past decades, the financial industry has been affected by sustained liberalization and synchronization of the financial markets as well as new developments in information technology. This caused the banking industry in emerging markets to become more competitive due to increased bank sizes caused by acquisitions and mergers while they did not necessarily become more profitable. In this article the organizational restructuring process of a bank in Rwanda is investigated on its effectiveness. The high performance organization (HPO) diagnosis was applied, consisting of a questionnaire containing questions on the quality of the organization and interviews with top management. This diagnosis established the HPO status of the bank. The questionnaire was also applied at three other banks in Rwanda for comparison purposes. The HPO Diagnosis clearly indicated the reasons why the restructuring efforts of the case company had not resulted in better organizational results and in fact had led to under-par performance compared to the other three banks. The diagnosis also yielded multiple improvement possibilities for the bank to make its restructuring efforts successful after all. The research findings will make it possible for Rwanda Bank to improve its performance to the benefit both of its clients and stakeholders. The findings will also benefit other Rwandan banks in their efforts to achieve higher organizational performance.
Approaches to the Management and Policing of Food Safety: The Food Standard Agency’s Regulating Our Future
Authors: Bradford-Knox Richard , Kane Kevin , Neighbour Simon
Published: June 2020

This paper forms part of an ongoing project studying various approaches to the management of hazards and risk in the food industry with implications for other areas of risk management where cooperation and collaboration between organisations are of a potential benefit. In this paper we give particular focus to the Food Standard Agency’s proposed Regulating Our Future that requires closer cooperation and collaboration between the public enforcement authorities and the industry organisations that police food hygiene and food safety management. The forming of a Primary Authority between Cornwall Council and Safe and Local Supplier Approval (SALSA) emerged as a potential means of contributing to this by improving trust between all parties involved, sharing of information, assessing risk, reducing inspection times and frequency of inspections from Primary Authority. Attention is given to the current relationship between the various organisations involved from the perspectives and viewpoints of Local Authority Enforcement Officers from Preston City Council, Cornwall Council and SALSA and other experienced food safety professionals. The research is qualitative and grounded, including a review of the extant literature and interviews with food safety and food standards professionals from the private and public enforcement sectors.
Challenges to the state policy towards migration processes in Poland
Authors: Heffner Krystian , Solga Brygida
Published: June 2020

In quantitative dimension, Poland is a significant émigré country in which the scale of external outflow has been maintained at the level of about 2 million people for many years. In the light of (Central Statistical Office) data in 2016, 2 million 515 thousand Poles were abroad temporarily for a period of more than 3 months.

An important task of migration policy is therefore to minimise the negative effects of mass emigration and to maximise the benefits resulting from this process. At the same time, in the decade after 2010, the volume of foreigners coming to Poland increased significantly and it should be expected that, as the socio-economic attractiveness of the country has grown, this group would be increasing as well. According to the Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy (Ministerstwo Rodziny, Pracy i Polityki Społecznej) data, 235 626 work permits were issued in 2017, including 192 547 to Ukrainian citizens (ca. 82%). To compare, in the same year, the district employment offices (Powiatowy Urząd Pracy) registered 1 824 464 declarations of intention to work to foreigners, including 1 714 891 towards the citizens of Ukraine (94%). The discussion on the nature of immigration policy is therefore unavoidable. The growing inflow of foreigners is gaining a special demographic, social and political significance in the context of unfavourable forecast of population changes in Poland. It also has an important regional dimension. From this perspective, foreigners will be needed on the Polish labour market to alleviate already existing and projected shortages of labour resources.

An important challenge is to develop a strategy for the integration of social, economic and cultural foreigners into the Polish society. Consequently, the persistent mass emigration, growing immigration, unflagging migration potential and, more expected than real, the return of Poles from emigration are a great challenge for the Polish economy and society as well as for regions. This multidimensional nature of foreign migration in Poland makes the emergence of migration policy system, corresponding to internal and external conditions, a necessity.

The postulate of the formulation of the foundations of a migration policy appeared in Poland at the beginning of the 1990s, but until now a coherent system of this policy has failed to develop as a complementary element of the socio-economic policy of the country.
From the Adriatic to the Black Sea: The Italian economic and military expansion endeavour in the Balkan-Danube area
Authors: Montagnoli Corrado
Published: June 2020

During the years that followed the end of the Great War, the Adriatic area found itself in a period of deep economic crisis due to the emptiness caused by the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The ancient Habsburg harbours, which had recently turned Italian, had lost their natural positions of Mitteleuropean economic outlets toward the Mediterranean due to the new political order of Central-Eastern Europe. Rome, then, attempted a series of economic manoeuvres aimed at improving Italian trade in the Julian harbours, first of all the port of Trieste, and at encouraging Italian entrepreneurial penetration in the Balkans. Resolved in a failure, the desire for commercial boost toward the oriental Adriatic shore coincided with the Dalmatian Irredentism and became a topic for claiming the 1941 military intervention across the Balkan peninsula. Italian geopoliticians, who had just developed the geopolitical discipline in Italy, made the Adriatic-Balkan area one of their most discussed topics. The fascist geopolitical project aimed at creating an economic aisle between the Adriatic and the Black Sea, in order to bypass the Turkish straits and become completion and outlet toward the Mediterranean of the Nazi Baltic-Mitteleuropean space in the north. Rome attempted the agreement with the other Danubian States, which subscribed the Tripartite Pact, in order to create a kind of economic cooperation area under the Italian lead. Therefore, the eastern Italian geopolitical border would have been traced farther from national limes. Rome would have projected his own interests as far as the Danubian right riverside, sharing with Berlin the southern part of that area consisting of territories historically comprehended (and contented) between German and Russian spheres of interest, which the Reich intended to reorganise after the alleged Soviet Union defeat. These Countries, framed by the Baltic, Mediterranean and Black See shores, found themselves entangled once more by geopolitical ties enforced by the interests of foreign Countries. However, these projects remained restricted to paper: the invasion of Yugoslavia turned into a failure and exposed Italy's military weakness; Rome proved to have no authority about the New Order organisation. Italy could dream up about its power only among magazines pages.
Pengendalian Penyakit Pustul Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines Pada Kedelai Dengan Bacillus spp. Asal Filosfer Gulma di Pertanaman Kedelai
Authors: Rahayu Siti , Nurcahyanti Suhartiningsih Dwi
Published: June 2020

Soybean pustule disease by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines (Xag) is one of the important diseases of soybean plant. Application Bacillus spp. origin of weed phyllosphere has a great potential as an alternative to control because it is isolated to origin of same region as Xag is the phyllosphere. Research by Nurcahyanti and Ayu obtained the best five isolates of Bacillus spp. of weeds phyllosphere in soybean cropping in inhibiting Xag in vitro. This study used the complete random draft (RAL) 6 treatment, 4 repeats, each unit consists of 4 plants wich treatment application of 5 isolates of Bacillus spp. namely K = control; A = Bacillus JG 1.3; B = Bacillus JG 3.6; C = Bacillus JG 1.4.1; D = Bacillus BGd 1.1; E = Bacillus Bp 2.2. The results showed that application of Bacillus spp. could inhibit Xag in vitro with bacteriostatic mechanism and isolates Bacillus BGd 1.1 has the greatest inhibition of 14.25 mm. Fifth Bacillus spp. can suppress the development of disease and isolates Bacillus BGd 1.1 has best results with the incubation period during 13 HSI, the severity of disease 10.07%, infection rate 0.045 unit/day as well as the effectiveness of control 85.72%. The fifth isolates of Bacillus spp. can not increase the number of leaves but can increase number of branches and isolates Bacillus JG 1.3, Bacillus JG 1.4.1 and Bacillus BGd 1.1 can increase the height of soybean crop.
Manipulasi Mikrohabitat Dengan Sistem Tanam Polikultur Sebagai Stabilizer Ekosistem Untuk Pengelolaan Hama dan Musuh Alami Pada Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum Linn.)
Authors: Sukarno Rizal , Prastowo Sigit
Published: June 2020

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum Linn.) constitutes one of the commodities that has important meaning for Indonesian people with the limiting factor in the production is the pest attack. One of these pest control techniques is by controlling technical culture of polyculture planting system. This research was conducted in July to October 2019 which was located in Banyuputih Village, Wringin District, Bondowoso Regency. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with six treatment, namely: P1 = polyculture of shallot + Lemongrass; P2 = polyculture of shallot + celery; P3 = Polyculture of shallot + mustard; P4 = Polyculture of shallot + Lemongrass + mustard; P5 = Polyculture of shallot + celery + mustard; P6 = Monoculture of shallot. Each treatment was repeated 4 times. Observation started at 30 days after planting. Data collection was done by observing directly on the sample plants. Sampling was carried out using Yellow trap and pit fall trap. Samples were taken at each plot 10 times with intervals of 4 days. Observations included collecting the pest insects and natural enemies that were found, counting the number of populations in each species, scoring towards the damage plants. The results showed that shallot planting by polyculture with different types of plants affected the population of pests and natural enemies as well as the level of diversity of insects in shallots. Planting shallots by polyculture has been proven to control pest populations compared to planting shallots by monoculture. Polyculture planting with two types of plants proved to be better than polyculture planting with three types of plants where the best treatment was found in P1, namely polyculture of shallot and lemongrass with the smallest pest population which was 17.5.
Induksi Ketahanan Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merril) dengan Cendawan Endofit Trichoderma harzianum dan Beauveria bassiana untuk Menekan Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang (Sclerotium rolfsii)
Authors: Munawara Wildatun , Haryadi Nanang Tri
Published: June 2020

Sclerotium rolfsii is a pathogen that causes stem rot disease that causes a decrease in soybean production. This stem rot disease can cause damage to all parts of the plant both in the vegetative and generative phases. Proper control is needed to reduce stem rot disease by induction of plant resistance using endophytic fungi such as Trichoderma harzianum and Beauveria bassiana. This experiment used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments that were repeated 5 times, namely P1 = control, P2 = T. harzianum application + S. rolfsii inoculation, P3 = B. bassiana application + S. rolfsii inoculation, and P4 = Combined application (T. harzianum + B. Bassiana) + S. rolfsii inoculation. Based on research that has been done shows that the incubation period and phenol analysis in soybean plants did not significantly affect soybean crop resistance while in the incidence of disease and disease severity showed a very significant effect on soybean crop resistance. In this study the plants that were applied with T. harzianum and B. bassiana were included in the category of resistant to S. rolfsii pathogens, while the control treatment was included in the susceptible category to S. rolfsii pathogens.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT IN OIL EXPORTING COUNTRIES MEMBERS OF THE ORGANIZATION OF ISLAMIC COOPERATION (OIC) IN THE PERIOD 1985-2016
Authors: Zakiy Imaduddin , Cahyono Eko Fajar
Published: June 2020

The aim of this research is to analyze the impact of world oil prices,the dollar exchange rate, and inflation on economic growth in oil exportingcountries at the organization of Islamic cooperation. The purposive samplingmethod used to Determine the 5 nation that fulfill the requirements needed.The Data used in this research is secondary Data Obtained from variousinternational statistics institute. This study uses a quantitative approach andpanel regression analysis of data that combines time series of data and crosssection data.The result of research with Fixed Effect estimation models shows thatthe impact of world oil prices, the dollar exchange rate, and inflationsimultaneously have a significant effect on economic growth in oil exportingcountries at the organization of Islamic cooperation. The other result showsthat inflation partially does not have impact on economic growth in oilexporting countries at the organization of Islamic Cooperation, meanwhileother independent variables of the USD exchange rate and world oil pricespartially have positive and significant effect on economic growth in oilexporting countries at the organization of Islamic cooperation during theperiod 1985-2016.
FORUM: REFLEKSI AJEG BALI HARI INI
Authors: Pramana Gede Indra
Published: June 2020

This paper traces the discourse on Ajeg Bali. As a formulation for the crisis in the post-boom Bali bombing in 2002, Ajeg Bali is considered as panacea that can solve all problems. By tracing the Ajeg Bali discourse and practices revealed in his name, found that amid the onslaught of the power of capital, mighty Ajeg Bali served as servant of power
MELAMPAUI REZIM OPTIC: PANDANGAN YANG MENUBUH DAN EROTISME ALICE EVE DALAM “STARTER FOR 10”
Authors: Murti Ghanesya Hari
Published: June 2020

Cinematic capability in the movie "Starter For 10" is to remind that eroticism or intimacy is able to surpass the optical regime or gaze as initiated by Mulvey‟s feminist film theory. Deleuze purposes haptic vision, which later on developed by Marks into Haptic Visuality as cinematic ability to dismantle subject-object relation within Mulvey‟s idea that assumed women body only as pleasure.Eroticism offered in the film is able to perform haptic visuality where the audience has a sense of being touched when the eye is no longer able to accommodate the information and the optical has loss its control. Haptic vision allows both to be object because the sensations move to the other senses. Thus, Alice Eve is not only an object but also invites the audience to be the object as well when the other senses are active. Eroticism presented in the film is no longer busy looking for subject and object but more into a unity where deterministic category is no longer exist.