bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MICROBIOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF CHESTNUT SOILS IN SOUTH-WEST TRANSBAIKAL
Authors: Buyantueva Lyubov Batomunkuevna , Nikitina Elena Petrovna
Published: December 2020

The microbiological researches in chestnut soil of South-West Transbaikalia occurring under peculiar natural-climatic conditions have been studied. Seasonal study of various ecological trophic groups of bacteria (saprophytes, proteolytics, cellulolytics), actinomycetes and fungi in chestnut soil has been carried out which showed a rather broad distribution and fixation of microorganisms through the whole soil profile. These groups (to 106C/g) were mostly observed in the top horizons of soils due to the high content of humus (2,91-4,94%), roots, and also regular condensation of atmospheric moisture. Down the profile the number of bacteria and fungi was generally decreasing by 1-3 orders. Feature of the studied soils was the broad distribution of actinomycetes through the whole soil profile and also increased of their number by1-2 orders in the mineral horizons (3 and 4 sites). The higher density of microorganisms was observed in summer (in its second half) and early autumn periods, which are more favorable because of hydrothermal indicators for vital activities of microorganisms in all researched ecosystems. The number of various ecological trophic groups of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi indirect evidence of their large enough role in mineralization processes.
AN EXPIENCE OF THE LITTLE AUK SEXING (ALLE ALLE LINK) BY THE BEAK OUTLINES
Authors: Vinogradov Andrey Anatolievich
Published: December 2020

The method of the distant field sexing of the monomorphic birds by the photographs developed initially for the White-winged Tern (Chlidonias leucopterus), turned out to be effective for the monomorphic little auks (Alle alle). Outlines of head and beak of average male and female have been prepared with an aid of Photoshop SC2 from the multiple individual outlines, based on a number of photographs of the birds of know sex (copulating birds), taken from the Internet. Males statistically significant differ from females by the heights of maxilla and mandible at the border of feathers and in the middle of the beak. However, heights cannot be treated as diagnostic due to the extensive zones of overlapping. The truly diagnostic criteria are the ratios (indexes) of the height to each other as well as the values of the discriminant functions of the mentioned ratios. Acquired thus outlines and ratios have been applied to the 49 individuals of the little auks on the photographs. Their sex was known to the examining party, but not to the author. The maximal match of the outlines to the specimen on the photograph showed its possible sex. The subsequent check of the data showed 100% correct sexing. Similar level of the correct sexing has been reached by using the discriminant equations, based both on a number of measurements of the beak (significantly different in the opposite sexes) and the ratios between these measurements, showing the degree of their robustness and expression of certain characters of the beak (gonys, nail, culmen, etc.). The mentioned method is useful not only for the monomorphic species of all the ages and in various seasons, but also for the dimorphic species in the periods, when distant sexing is difficult (non-breeding, juvenile and nestling plumage). About 570 species, studied so far, proved the sensitivity of the sexing method.
ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS OF FLORA AND VEGETATION AROUND ABANDONED CHALK UPSTREAM CAREER URBAN SETTLEMENT STARAIA KULATKA
Authors: Vinyuseva Galina Valerievna
Published: December 2020

The article provides an environmental assessment of the flora of abandoned chalk quarry located in the North-East R. p. Staraia Kulatka Ulyanovsk region, now part of geographically part of the protected areas Bagaevskii ridges. On the basis of various indicators the analysis of flora: the ratio of life forms on systems K. Raunchier and I. G. Serebryakov, ecological structure, ecological-coenotic analysis, moreover, traces the dynamics of the vegetation and its features at the termination of economic activity. A detailed analysis of the flora showed atalanti this once-transformed human ecosystems and the timeliness of the creation of a protected area, as well as the high ability of vegetation calcium landscapes to recovery. Plant communities identified capacity of protected and rare species of plants such as: Serratula gmelinii exchange., Adonis vernalis L., Pulsatilla patens (L.)Mill. Subsequent clarification and confirmation requires finding a young plant Schivereckia podolica Andrz. Met an adventive plant quarantine-Cyclachaena xanthifolia (Nutt.) Fresch. and adventive species Ceratocephala testiculata (Crantz) Besser is a new distribution points data of plants for the Ulyanovsk region. The territory of the abandoned quarry, mining of chalk, may serve as a platform for studies of natural recovery of veg - etation after the cessation of economic activity.
ANALYSIS OF ADVENTIVE FLORA STATION DEMA (BASHKIR BRANCH OF THE KUIBYSHEV RAILWAY)
Authors: Khusainova Svetlana Airatovna , Seydalieva Elmira Seydalievna , Khusainov Airat Fagimovich , Abramov Larisa Mikhailovna
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the flora railway embankments of the station Dema related to Kuibyshev Railway. Railway embankments are active ways straddling immigrations of alien plant species. On these types of landscapes are formed anthropogenically transformed floristic complexes, in addition involving a large number of adventive species. Studied in 2013-2014 flora mounds station Dema includes 217 species, of which 84 adventive species. The average number of species in the family is equal to 5.9. Ten leading families flora railways station - Asteraceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, С.А. Хусаинова, Э.С. Сейдалиева, А.Ф. Хусаинов, Л.М. Абрамова АНАЛИЗ АДВЕНТИВНОЙ ФЛОРЫ СТАНЦИИ ДЕМА (БАШКИРСКОЕ ОТДЕЛЕНИЕ... Самарский научный вестник. 2015. № 2(11) 133 С.А. Хусаинова, Э.С. Сейдалиева, А.Ф. Хусаинов, Л.М. Абрамова АНАЛИЗ АДВЕНТИВНОЙ ФЛОРЫ СТАНЦИИ ДЕМА (БАШКИРСКОЕ ОТДЕЛЕНИЕ... Brassicaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Polygonaceae, Scrophulariaceae. The largest genera - Artemisia (6 species), Rumex (5 species), Poa (5 species), Centaurea (4 species). The time and manner of introduction, the degree of naturalization and florogenetic spectrum of flora were analized. Participation of invasive species in the flora is 38.6%, which determines the degree of its adventization. Among adventive species is high enough role neophytes (25.3%). In the flora of the study area for the new account the Bashkortostan Republic species and habitats - Ambrosia trifida, Cyclachaena xanthiifolia, Oenothera oakesiana, Oenothera biennis, Phalacroloma strigosum, Senecio viscosus, Eragrostis minor, Eragrostis pilosa.
SOME ISSUES OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF CLAY VESSELS' FIRING PROCESS
Authors: Volkova Yelena Vitalievna , Tsetlin Yuriy Borisovich
Published: December 2020

This paper is dedicated to the study of clay vessels' firing treatment. It is one of the most important scientific tasks in the field of ancient ceramic investigations which is low provided by the reliable methods till now. The next questions are described here: first - the history of study of firing process under historical-and-cultural approach to the ancient pottery production; second - the organization and results of field experimental study of clay vessels' firing in fireplace and in oven made by the authors on the basis of Samara pottery experimental expedition (N.P. Salugina is a head of the expedition), third - the results of the laboratory research of firing temperature on experimental vessels by Bobrinsky's color method. We concentrate our attention on the study of firing vessels in oxidizing and reducing conditions, on analysis of oxidizing firing at the first step and special chemical-and-thermal treatment of vessels in reducing conditions by blacking at the second step. In the results of laboratory tests of vessels sherds' firing temperature we came to the conclusion that the method is need to improve. At the end of paper the authors put forward some kind of ways to decide the problem and a plan of future experimental study of pottery firing process.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON ERTEBØLLE POTTERY: FOOD PREPARATION AND RADIOCARBON DATING
Authors: Philippsen Bente
Published: December 2020

This article summarizes my experimental and archaeological research about the earliest pottery in Northern Germany and Denmark, belonging to the Erteblle culture, a Late Mesolithic hunter-gatherer-fisher culture. I will present firing and cooking experiments with copies of Erteblle pottery and how a reference collection of experimental food crusts can be used to understand issues of radiocarbon reservoir effects and stable isotope measurements in food crusts. It will be shown that cooking food resources with a reservoir age, such as marine or freshwater fish, leads to the same reservoir age in the pottery. The results from the experiments will be compared to the archaeological record. I will discuss the implications of the experimental studies for radiocarbon dating of archaeological pottery, and for studies of style and function of ceramics.
ECOGEOCHEMICAL DIAGNOSTICS CONDITION OF URBAN ENVIRONMENT ON POLLUTION SNOW COVER OF VORONEZH CITY
Authors: Prozhorina Tatiana Ivanovna , Kurolap Semyon Aleksandrovitch , Yakunina Nadezhda Ivanovna
Published: December 2020

Currently, the most popular are the express methods of quality control of the environment, which permit a relatively rapid assessment of ecological and geochemical situation. one such method is based on the use snow cover. snow has a high sorption capacity and is informative in identifying the object of man-made pollution of the urban environment. the paper presents the results of a study of the chemical composition of snow that had fallen in Voronezh during winter 2015. snow samples were taken in the period prior to snowmelt in various functional areas of the city. in order to identify the degree of technogenic impact on the various parts of the city of Voronezh, was made a comparative analysis of the results:аccording to the actual presence of pollutants in precipitation for the study of functional areas;сalculate the rate on the concentration of chemical elements for test samples of snow.according to the degree of mineralization and dust content in snow can be seen technogenic pressure on environment.therefore, a comparative analysis of the degree of contamination of snow in the various functional areas of the city were carried out for the two indicators of the chemical composition - the total mineralization and suspended particles(dust).the results of the analysis of the chemical composition of the melt water indicate an increased level of technogenic pollution of snow cover in all investigated functional areas of Voronezh.
TECHNICAL-TECHNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF CERAMICS FROM THE BARROW CEMETERY STARO-YAPPAROVO-1
Authors: Mukhametdinov Vadim Ildarovic , Bahshieva Aleksandra Kamilovna
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to problems of srubnaya-and-alakul contacts in south Ural. it presents results of the technological analysis of ceramic complexfrom barrow cemetery staro-yapparovo-1 in republic of Bashkortostan.data were obtained on the selection and processing of raw materials, the preparation of recipes moulding compounds, the method of construction of bases and walls, ornamentation and heat treatment of vessels. it was noted that the methods of manufacturing of vessels registered in ceramics with anstaro-Japparovo-1 burial ground, were massively common in the developed stage of the existence of the srubnahistorical-culture community. these data can adjust the original idea about the chronological position of the burial site, taken from the results of the study of the burial rite.the analysiswas able toidentifyassrubnayaandalakulpotterytraditions. its evidenceof cultural contacts.it was concluded that the population that left burial mounds of staro-Japparovo-1 was heterogeneous, but related this mainly withsrubna historical and cultural community.in the absence of the moulding compounds of vessels from the burial site of the talc grit(its a reliable indicator of alakul pottery in the transurals), as well as its absence in the composition of grog, lets say that the influence of the alakul tribes in this territory was indirect, through the contact area in the steppe of the Preurals.
POTTERY PRODUCTION IN THE MORDOVIA DISTRICT: ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY
Authors: Tsetlin Yuriy Borisovich
Published: December 2020

The paper tells about the results of systematization and analysis of ethnography data on pottery production in Mordovia district, collected by alexander a. Bobrinsky in the beginning of 1960th during complete questionnaire work. there are 75 messages as from the potters themselves (very rare) as from their younger relatives, local school-teachers, and others. then became clear that most of the local potters were russian migrants (not the Mordovians) lived here from 17-18th centuries. distribution the russian pottery traditions destroyed the local Mordovian ones preserved only in traces. But the russian potters in Mordovia had retained more archaic pottery traditions than the same potters resided in russia. Just these traditions have a lot of interest to study. the author investigates the Mordovian pottery production through the system of Historical-and-cultural approach according to the universal structure of pottery technology and the whole pottery production process as a field of the human culture.
The first year of a child's life in an armenian family (in Samara)
Authors: Agadzanyan Liana Alekseevna
Published: December 2020

The theme of childhood is one of the most important and interesting in the Russian and foreign ethnography, because for a long time researchers have not given attention to this problem. In the middle of the XX century scientists emphasize the description of children's cycle ceremonies, public education. Today questions of birth and care of a child, his education in ethno-cultural and another cultural environment are in the forefront of the study of the peoples. Our investigation focuses on the first year of life of the children of Armenian ethnos living in the city of Samara. In this paper two sub-ethnic groups (Armenians from the Republic of Armenia, Baku Armenians) of the Armenian community, that take different approaches to bringing up children are considered. This paper presents a consolidated material on the education, traditions and customs of the first year of life of the Armenian children. The article highlights the current issues of ethnography: pregnancy, childbirth and naming the baby, the postnatal period in the life of the child and the woman, nutrition, clothes, amulets, etc. Thus, the study of this issue has shown that there are certain differences in some aspects of childhood culture between the two Armenian groups in Samara, albeit minor. Baku Armenians are more liable to other cultures and other ethnic influence, which manifests itself in the rites of baptism, fairy tales, cola-cabling, and you select a name for the baby.
The artillery and engineering gentry cadet corps as an important part of the system of military personnel training in Russia
Authors: Starodubtsev Mikhail Pavlovich
Published: December 2020

In the course of modernization of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the transition to the new image of the officer, military education of the Russian Federation today faces a complex and important task of the scientific study of processes of formation and training of officers, capable of solving problems of the security of the state, and reform of the system of military education that meets the priority tasks of the Russian Armed Forces. These facts lead to the need to turn to the history of the formation of the system of military education and the necessity to examine military education in Russia in second half XVIII century with the aim of summarizing, organizing, recording and use of past experience in contemporary Russia. In the process of training at the artillery and engineering gentry cadet corps pupils were taught to love Russian history, Russian army, the Navy, and developed high moral standards. Cadets were notable for their extensive professional knowledge, broad outlook, patriotism, honor, duty, and comradeship. Until the end of the eighteenth century, the training of future officers in the cadet corps took place on the basis of the revitalization of moral education, free and comprehensive development of personality of a future officer of the Russian army. The author makes use of some archival sources that have not yet been examined.
Peculiarities of using the demonstration principle in ballet pedagogy
Authors: Fomkin Alexey Viktorovitch
Published: December 2020

Demonstration is one of the most important teaching principles. The foundation for the scientific study of this principle was laid by the outstanding pedagogue Ya.A. Komensky, who called it the golden rule of didactics. Later, Komenskys ideas were developed by J.H. Pestalozzi, K.D. Ushinsky, and other pedagogues. A special role in clarifying and specifying the functions of demonstration belongs to Russian pedagogues and psychologists developing the ideas of the unity of consciousness and activity (S.L. Rubinstein), the theory of activity (A.N. Leontyev), and the theory of gradual formation of mental actions (P.Ya. Galperin). Demonstration has been used in teaching dance since the ancient times, when various visual aids were used to illustrate the teachers words. Yet, despite the presence of extensive literature in other areas, in ballet pedagogy the study of demonstration has been limited to just a few researchers N.I. Tarasov, E.P. Valukina, and A.A. Alferova. This paper presents the first attempt in ballet pedagogy to comprehensively analyse the use of the principle of demonstration in ballet teaching. Drawing on the historical traditions of ballet education, the author shows the leading role of demonstration in teaching professional skills to ballet artists and reveals the essence of the main types of demonstration figural/pictorial, verbal, image-based and natural. The paper highlights the leading role of figural demonstration, in which showing of movements is traditionally the main teaching tool. The combination of the four types of demonstration figural, verbal, image-based and natural facilitates the visual, audial and motor perception of a movement (or its model, image) by the students allowing them to internalize movements into their psyche and body.
Implementation conditions of the soviet historical research on issues of the civil war history in Russia (1918–1922) in the second half of the 1950s – the first half of the 1960s
Authors: Ippolitov Georgy Mikhailovich , Efremov Valery Yakovlevich
Published: December 2020

The Khrushchev thaw is a unique period in the history of the Soviet State. It was the Decade in which attempts have been made to at least to localize the negative impact created by the Stalinist political system functioned in the country (the so-called Stalins cult of personality). Soviet power structures and the ruling Communist Party in the country tried to clean all areas of Soviet society life including the spiritual one from its negative consequences. It also influenced the Soviet historical science. It attempts to perform historical, historiographical and source research on the principles of genuine objectivity and Historicism (though such attempts, eventually in the form of embryonic tendencies that gradually eliminated). In such a situation in historiography the study of history of the Russian civil war (November 19171922) was one of the priorities. The article summarises the main conditions developed in the study of the Civil War in Russia during the Khrushchev Thaw (the second half of the 1950s the first half of the 1960s.). Some of the authors ideas are debatable.
Contests of concept «art-composition» in context of XXI century art education
Authors: Kalinina Larisa Yurievna
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the concept of art composition, that functioning in practice music teachers, teachers of fine arts and literature, teachers of choreography and theater. However, the theoretical foundation of art-composition and content of the concept has not yet been the subject of a special study. At the same time, comprehension of innovative approach in educating to the art, maintenance of artistic education characterized by an orientation on studying man with a modern world view, it is necessary. A necessity of enriching of thesaurus of school pedagogics was clear, actual terms, art composition behaves to the number of that. This study contributes to the problem of a more general nature the possibility of using polyart creative activities as a means of identification and learning of gifted children. The originality of the art-composition in the innovative thinking of the modern author, whose seeking to portray the world is not the way it sees, but the way it understands. Results of the creative work can be presented in different art forms, not excluding sketches, improvisations, postmodern games with the text. The pedagogical value of the art-composition: the teacher can visually track the progress of the child in the field of aesthetic perception, associative thinking and the work with the material.
Special aspects of academic bachelors’ mathematical training
Authors: Stelmah Yanina Gennadievna
Published: December 2020

The analysis of federal state educational standards of higher education (FSES) allowed to identify the research activity and different kinds of project activities (design and project ones) as one of the basic standards for academic bachelor programmes of various courses. A graduate that has mastered this programme should be ready to meet the professional challenges demanding from him specific knowledge and skills in different fields, including Mathematics and he should obtain them while studying at university. Specific aspects of academic bachelors mathematical training should be taken into consideration in terms of academic activities. In this article we interpret the aspects of academic bachelors mathematical training as the academic activities based on personalizing the academic studies and implying an efficient combination of teaching ready to learn knowledge and the ways of its obtaining while solving the goals corresponding in their structures to the types of professional activities. At the same time we consider the personalizing of the academic studies as the process of projecting their own studies by the students themselves. The carried out analysis of scientific literature, of kinds of professional activity and of Mathematics activities allowed to specify the following features of bachelors mathematical training: Mathematics is a research tool for most sciences and for facing professional challenges; an academic potential is expressed in mindset formation; there is a high level of fundamentalization of mathematic operations while facing future professional goals.
Morphometric analysis of the annual shoot of the Acer negundo L. plants, growing in conditions of exposure to technogenic pollution of Donbass
Authors: Vinogradova Elena Nikolaevna
Published: December 2020

For estimation of quality of the environment in industrial regions, along with the methods of instrumental analysis, the methods of bioindication are rather relevant, foremost phytoindication. The influence of air pollutants during ontogenesis results in violation of normal vital functions of arboreal plants, the integral index of the vital state of which is the intensity of vegetative growth. Parameters, characterizing the plant growth, can be quite informative for the bioindication of level of the technogenic contamination of environment. This article presents the results of analysis of coke production emissions influence and transport on the morphometric indexes of annual vegetative shoots ofAcer negundoL. It is shown that the influence of airpollutants leads to inhibition of the development of annual shoot. The reduction in the length of annual shoot (2226%) and the number of its structural elements is accompanied by a decrease in mass (3349%) and area (2745%) of leaves, indicating xerophytization of shoots under the influence of emissions. The greatest changes are revealed inA. negundotrunk from plantations, experiencing, along with the influence of exhaust gas, the extremely adverse conditions of root nutrition. High sensitivity to technogenic emissions of such morphometric parameters ofA. negundoas the length of annual shoots, the total weight and area of shoot leaves allows to use them in monitoring researches of vegetation condition and environmental pollution in the industrial regions.
The Senate under Paul I and the issue of fiscal status of petty szlachta in the Russian western provinces at the turn of the 19th century
Authors: Troianowski Constantin Vadimovich
Published: December 2020

After the partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795 the Russian empire faced a problem of determining the social status of petty Polish nobles (szlachta) in imperial hierarchy. At the turn of the 19thcentury the Senate was the governmental body that had to resolve this issue. In April of 1800 Paul I approved the proposal of the Senates 3ddepartment to confirm lesser szlachtas fiscal immunity and other privileges enjoyed by her under Rzecz Pospolita. Yet, in the same year the Senates 1stdepartment when deliberating on a separate case of szlachtas tax status in Novorossiysk province, passed two resolutions that contradicted the legal norm adopted in April. This paper focuses on the analysis of circumstances under which the Senates departments came to different decisions on the same problem. Their resolutions reflected two approaches to the policy of petty szlachtas inclusion in the imperial nobility. The resolution of the 3ddepartment, supported by Paul I, envisaged a co-optation of szlachta as a social group through legislative confirmation of its privileged status in the empire. The approach of the 1stdepartment emphasized the necessity of szlachtas integration into imperial nobility on the individual basis (by submitting proofs of noble origin compliant to the Russian laws). As a result the imperial government gave preference to the second model of inclusion.
Historical transformation of cities originality of Samara province in the second half of the XIX century
Authors: Korneeva Julia Vasilievna
Published: December 2020

The problem of historical cities formation is very relevant in recent years. The second half of the XIX century is a period of reforms in the Russian history, when many values were rethought.This historical period was a period of industrialization and urbanization, when aprovincialcitygot its new development and prosperity.This paper is devoted to the historical development and transformation of the Samara province city in the second half of the XIX century.Every city of theSamara provincepassed a unique way of developmentduring the study period and contributedto the development ofthe originality region.Both sides characterize the originality of the cities: economic and social. Economic uniqueness of the Samara province cities in the second half of the century was reflected in such indicators as: industrial production and development of trade relations (in the province there was a variety of places and forms of trade: fair, railway station and harbor). A social component of the originality of the region county town was made of the population characteristics: the number, class hierarchy, the mentality. Each element formed the uniqueness of the county towns as well as created a common image of industrial Russia.
1890th prison reform implementation in the Orenburg Governorate
Authors: Lyubichankovskiy Sergey Valentinovich
Published: December 2020

This paper is about an implementation process of the 1890 law in the Orenburg province for organization of new regional structures of penitentiary management provincial prison inspection and prison department of provincial board. Specifics of prison reform implementation in the region, the relation of the governor's power to emergence of new bureaucratic structures, features of interaction between the created governing bodies are considered as well as the place taken by representatives of prison administration in regional bureaucratic community after the reform implementation is determined. The conclusion is drawn that implementation of the 1890 law took place in the Orenburg province with essential regional features. Orenburg provincial inspection has been created later (1894) than in the Russian Empire in general because of prolonged implementation of judicial reform (1864) on the territory of the region. However this inspection became more influential than similar organizations in other regions of the Russian Empire as it has subordinated the prison department of the Orenburg provincial board and accumulated all main competences of the sphere of prison case. The status of the Orenburg provincial prison inspector was almost equal to the status of the vice-governor.
Training and educational problems solving in the study of mathematics at university
Authors: Aniskin Vladimir Nicolaevich , Ryabinova Elena Nicolaevna
Published: December 2020

The analysis of federal state educational standards for all steps of existing educational system shows that meta-subject approach in learning and bringing up activity is becoming more urgent. Orientation to the key strategic priority of continuous education such as bringing up activity and forming the ability to study are also urgent. The main types of universal studying activities are analyzed: personal, subject, meta-subject results; usage of learning activity matrix during the process of study. Federal State Educational Standard of basic common education sets the demands to personal, meta-subject and subject results of learning after basic educational program of secondary education. So, according to the succession principle we should develop the competence of the students following these three directions transforming them into educational environment of the university. Thus, meta-subject competence should include ability to use intersubject definitions and universal learning activities performing them at learning, knowledge and social practice. The achievement of meta-subject results is connected with the nature of universal activity. The basis of nature-coordinated education should lie in basic values and the most important is morality which is formed from the human nature. That is why the standards of the second generation formulate four blocks of universal learning activities: personal, regulative, common knowledge and communicative. According to their nature meta-subject activities are functional-oriented ones and they form the psychological basis and determining condition of subject task solution success. Meta-subject competence development supposes various forms of studying process organization. One of such organization forms can be the business game which can be used as the means of diagnosis and forecast of personal behavior in various situations. Project technology is also aimed to develop wide range of competence and creative abilities and that is why it suggests the integrity of research, searching, problem solving and comparison methods. It has been shown that nowadays the role of each course in meta-subject competence development has been growing rapidly.
Floristic and geobotanic features of the renaturalization process of Ust’-Sokskiy quarry
Authors: Prokhorova Nataliya Vladimirovna , Makarova Yulia Vladimirovna , Golovlyov Aleksei Alekseevich , Samykina Maria Vyacheslavovna , Pankevich Anzhelika Mikhailovna
Published: December 2020

Studies devoted to artificial reclamation and natural renaturalization of the open cuts are important because of the distribution of the nonmetallic open-cut mining in the Middle Volga. The following article contains the results of floristic and geobotanical study of the Ust-Sokskiy quarry, where the secondary plantation has been forming for the last 40 years after calciferous stock mining and quarrying. At present overgrowing Ust-Sokskiy quarry is used as a natural testing field for exploration of the secondary anthropogenic successions, ecological, anatomical, morphological, physiological, biochemical and biogeochemical peculiarities of plants. 107 species of the vascular plants belonging to 83 genera, 35 families, 5 classes and 4 phyla were fixed in the quarry. 6 species from the Red Book of Samara Region were found in the composition of the local flora. Species penetration to the quarry is realized by dissemination from the nearest natural phytocenoses of Sokolii Mountains. Local flora of the quarry is significantly poorer than that of the Sokolii Mountains and differed by species composition that is explained by abiotic conditions specifics which are inherent to the technologically disturbed territory. Herbaceous and woody plants of the quarry are characterized by depressed vital condition. Modern local flora of the quarry is unbalanced and the process of its forming is continued.
Interpretation of the concept «social Darwinism» in Western and Russian historiography of the late XIX - early XXI century
Authors: Mukhataev Pavel Nicolaevich
Published: December 2020

The article discusses various meanings of social Darwinism from the late XIX century, when the term began to be used by scientists, to the twentieth - early twenty-first centuries. The author explores the historiography of the question about the influence of Charles Darwins work Origin of species on the emergence and development of the social Darwinism ideology. The author also discusses the question of Herbert Spensers contribution to the formation and development of this concept and the social-Darwinian ideology in general. The paper contains a comparative analysis of the term social Darwinism usage in the Russian and English languages. Several periods of social Darwinism phenomenon research are distinguished: pre-revolutionary, Soviet and Russian. Each of them has a number of features that directly affect image and understanding of social Darwinism. The author considers the interpretation of social Darwinism concept in the context of large-scale political changes, scientific discoveries, cultural changes in the nineteenth, twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. The article shows an attempt to interpret the essence of such an ambivalent phenomenon in the history of social thought as social-Darwinist ideology through the research of the evolution of the scholars interpretation of social Darwinism.
N.A. Berdyaev and I.A Ilyin’s anthropological concepts: intersection and rejection points
Authors: Sokina Irina Leonidovna
Published: December 2020

This paper presents a comparative analysis of historiosophical anthropological views of N.A. Berdyaev and I.A. Ilyin during the crisis of historicism when Russian thinkers were among the first to hit upon the anthropological basis of historical knowledge. The results of the comparative analysis have showed that at a certain similarity in the biographies of philosophers N.A. Berdyaevs anthropology apotheosis is a bold breakthrough in the religious era of creativity, the era of the third anthropological revelation. I.A. Ilyin understood anthropology in a narrower way - he paid no attention to the beginnings and ends, his dream was to see transformed, free from communism Russia, which gained a national spirit, transformed into the country of true patriots and religious-minded people with a clear sense of justice of the liberal persuasion. There is an important difference between the thinkers: N.A. Berdyaevs Russian idea is the Messianic, I.A. Ilyins one is rather nationalist. In Berdyaevs opinion the meaning is to go beyond the Russianness in unity, without losing their nationality. I.A. Ilyin believed that the future of Russia is a national dictatorship, whereas N.A. Berdyaev believed in Christian personalistic socialism. I.A. Ilyin was for strong government that would lead the people to a brighter future, while N.A. Berdyaev appealed to an inner catharsis of people, to the Christian overcome of internal contradictions and flaws.
Activity specifics of educational institutions peripheral staff in the conditions of education modernization
Authors: Sanko Albina Mikhaylovna
Published: December 2020

The following article deals with the change of professional activity content of educational peripheral staff in conditions of higher education modernization and structural changes of historically developed traditions of activity management organization in the higher educational institution in the course of their merger (on the example of two Samara universities merger - higher educational institution that gives education in the sphere of classical natural sciences and humanities and higher educational institution that educates specialists for narrow high-technology, being strategically important for the national defence capability branch). The author describes the content and essence of educational peripheral staff social and technological activity and difficulties appearing at the rearrangement from one activity (communication) to another (work with software programs and services). The author also shows the role of adequate cooperation of educational peripheral staff of all organization departments for activity management effective organization of the university and presents the results of educational peripheral staff activity analysis. The obtained materials can serve as the basis for the interacademic further training courses organization for educational peripheral staff and further monitoring of their activity effectiveness for the educational institution management.
Naturalized alien plants in Penza Region
Authors: Vasjukov Vladimir Mikhailovich , Novikova Lyubov Alexandrovna
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with naturalized alien plants in Penza Region. There are 75 naturalized alien plant species in the flora of the Penza Region, the most dangerous for natural ecosystems of them are 10 transformers species (Acer negundo, Bidens frondosa, Echinocystis lobata, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Elodea canadensis, Fraxinus lanceolata, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Phalacroloma seplentrionale, Salix euxina, Ulmus pumila), 20 alien species, actively settled and invasive in semi-natural and natural habitats (Amelanchier spicata, Conyza canadensis, Cuscuta campestris, Echinochloa crusgalli, Epilobium adenocaulon, Epilobium pseudorubescens, Geranium sibiricum, Heracleum sosnowskyi, Helianthus subcanescens, Hippopha rhamnoides, Impatiens glandulifera, Juncus tenuis, Malus domestica, Oenothera villosa s.l., Parthenocissus inserta, Phragmites altissimus, Sambucus racemosa, Sambucus sibirica, Solidago canadensis s.l., Xanthium albinum), 45 alien species, invasive and settled at present in disturbed habitats (Acroptilon repens, Amaranthus albus, Amaranthus blitoides, Amaranthus retroflexus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Ambrosia trifida, Anisantha tectorum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Artemisia sieversiana, Atriplex tatarica, Bassia sieversiana, Berberis vulgaris, Cannabis ruderalis, Caragana arborescens, Cardaria draba, Centaurea diffusa, Chamomilla suaveolens, Crataegus monogyna, Cyclachaena xanthiifolia, Elsholtzia ciliata, Galega orientalis, Galinsoga quadriradiata, Galinsoga parviflora, Grindelia squarrosa, Gypsophila perfoliata, Hordeum jubatum, Impatiens parviflora, Kali collina, Lepidium densiflorum, Leymus racemosus, Lolium perenne, Lupinus polyphyllus, Oenothera biennis, Oenothera rubricaulis, Onobrychis viciifolia, Populus balsamifera, Portulaca oleracea, Robinia pseudoacacia, Senecio viscosus, Sisymbrium volgense, Symphyotrichum salignum s.l., Symphytum caucasicum, Typha laxmannii, Vinca minor, Xanthoxalis stricta).
The analysis of phytophagous mammals’ excretory activity in forest ecosystems
Authors: Pilipko Yelena Nikolaevna
Published: December 2020

In this paper the author considers the excretory activity as one of zoocenosis environment-transforming activity types. The paper presents the results of experimental data on the effect of phytophagous animals excreta on the soil-forming processes through adding organic substances to the soil in the process of decomposing the undigested plant residues. The organic substance (humus) is a source of mineral elements necessary for plant organisms. The value of phytophagous animals excreta is in their peculiar properties such as high content of humic acids performing a number of important functions in the biosphere. In this paper one of these functions accumulative has been considered. Decomposition of the organic substance in the form of the excreta of the elk (Alces alces, L.) as the largest phytophagous animal of the north-west proceeded in the course of the experiment in natural and laboratory conditions. Anthropogenically disturbed areas of the Vologda Region have been chosen as natural conditions. The excreta decomposition took place on medium-loamy and strongly podzolic soils on the cutting site after clear felling in the sorrel spruce forest. In laboratory conditions the experiments on excreta decomposition have been carried out in microlysimeters. Thereby we have chosen the three factor experiment with subsequent developing mathematical models (regression equations). We have used the winter variety of the elks excreta which differs in composition from the summer variety. Winter excreta appear as a result of digesting the coarse woody feeds. In the paper the results of the research on the group composition of humus and agrochemical NPK-complex have been given. As a result of decomposition it has been revealed that the content of the humus components under study and NPK have been influenced by the size of particles in the soil, microconditions and the time of organic substance decomposition.
Ecological and geochemical features of the soils of different functional zones of Novokuybyshevsk
Authors: Startzev Alexandr Igorevich , Prokhorova Nataliya Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

This paper deals with the problem of anthropogenic soil pollution of cities with oil production on the example of Novokuybyshevsk, Samara Region. To assess the modern ecological-geochemical state of soil cover in Novokuybyshevsk in August 2016 the field study was carried out and soil samples for laboratory analysis were selected. The study was carried out on 8 test areas, 7 of which were in different functional zones of the city, significantly differing in environmental conditions. The sample site was in a green area 10 km from the city. Soil samples were collected according to the methods generally accepted in soil science and Geochemistry. The quantitative content of oil products and heavy metals (Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Mn) in soil samples was determined in a specialized laboratory by certified procedures on the equipment, timely verified and calibrated. The data analysis revealed significant anthropogenic transformation of the soil cover in Novokuybyshevsk, which was enriched with petroleum and heavy metals. It also shaped the conditions that increased the migration of heavy metals in soils and their availability to biota. The soils of the city are characterized by relatively even distribution and high content of Zn and Cu. On the contrary, the Mn content is characterized by a rather low rate, which is especially evident for the soil sample area. The accumulation of Zn, Pb and petroleum products in the soils of the city is connected with the influence of the industrial zone. The motor component involves the contamination of soil by Ni, Zn, Si, Cd and petroleum products. No functional area in Novokuybyshevsk contains high levels of Pb concentrations, the content of which exceeded the MPC only in the industrial area. This fact can be associated with the ban of tetraethyl use in gasoline production in Russia in 2002. The obtained results can be used for environmental monitoring of the urban environment and predict changes of ecological-geochemical situation in Novokuybyshevsk in the future.
Children burials of the Saka times in Central Kazakhstan
Authors: Beisenov Arman Ziyadenovich , Bazarbaeva Galiya Appazovna , Duisenbay Daniyar Bolatbekovich
Published: December 2020

The materials on the children burials belonging to Tasmola culture in Central Kazakhstan were studied by M.K. Kadyrbaev and A.Z. Beisenov. As the analysis of available data shows there are only nine studied children burials of Tasmola culture. It is possible that some of the children graves, represented by small mounds, do not contain accompanying subjects and in the early period of research they were not mentioned on the pages of scientific publications and reports. New research shows that, along with small mounds, there are significant ones distinguished by their parameters and structure. Two of the nine constructions have diameters higher than 20 m, one of them is 18 m and particularly notable is the kurgan 7 in the burial ground Akbeit studied in Karaganda Region. Its diameter is 21,5 m, height 2,5 m. A four or five year old child, probably a girl, was buried there. The child was buried in a rich dress, as evidenced by gold torque, worn around the neck, and two gold earrings, a bronze mirror, a bone case for cosmetics. Children burials of Tasmola culture as well as the adult burials indicate social strata of that society.
The question of tram traffic development in Ulyanovsk
Authors: Gorshenin Aleksandr Vladimirovich
Published: December 2020

The paper discusses the process of public transport development in Ulyanovsk. Special attention is paid to the tram construction projects that existed in the pre-revolutionary period and conditions they were implemented under. This paper examines the connection between the administrative status of the city and the public transport development. In 1920s Ulyanovsk lost the provincial center status and attempts to organize the citys line of electric vehicles were postponed for a long time. Only during the Great Patriotic war, when Ulyanovsk became the center of a newly formed region, the authorities decided to create the city tram. Considering the stages of tram transport development the author tries to identify the causes of construction work delay. The main ones were the following: inadequate funding, prolonged execution of all necessary documentation, lack of material-technical base and skilled workers. This paper examines actions undertaken to address these problems. The source of the study consists of unpublished documents from the funds of Federal and regional archives: the State archive of the Russian Federation, Russian state archive of Economy, branch of Russian state archive for scientific-technical documentation in the Ulyanovsk Region, State archive of contemporary history of the Ulyanovsk Region. The author also uses articles of the regional newspaper called Ulyanovskaya pravda.