bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automatic house location identification using location service based VANET
Authors: Ranjan Senapati Biswa , Ranjan Swain Rakesh , Mohan Khilar Pabitra , Kumar Bhoi Sourav , Sagar Sahoo Kshira
Published: June 2024

The vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) provides a variety of applications and is gaining popularity due to the reuse of network resources. Exact location identification with optimum delay is the demand of all vehicle users. Currently, individuals are utilizing the Global Positioning System (GPS) to ascertain the precise geographical coordinates of a given location. The drawback of GPS technology is its inability to accurately determine location and use GPS in some remote areas. Searching for the location of a particular house randomly incurs a loss of fuel as well as increases delay. This motivates us to propose one automated method through VANET using location service‐based routing for the location identification of a house. The proposed work involves searching for the location of a house using the open‐source MongoDB database, and the operations on the database are performed using the tool Node‐Red. By simulation using SUMO and Network Simulator 2.35, the proposed work is evaluated and compared with existing location service‐based routing like geographic location service (GLS) and hierarchical location service (HLS). The proposed work performs better in terms of routing efficiency (end‐to‐end latency, packet delivery rate), location efficiency (request sends, query success rate, and request travel time), and routing and location overhead (MAC bandwidth consumption). Also, the performance of the proposed work is presented as stable by increasing the number of vehicles. The statistical analysis of the packet delivery ratio and CBR end‐to‐end latency is carried out using T score.
A machine learning approach for potential Super‐Agers identification using neuronal functional connectivity networks
Authors: Fili Mohammad , Mohammadiarvejeh Parvin , Klinedinst Brandon S. , Wang Qian , Moody Shannin , Barnett Neil , Pollpeter Amy , Larsen Brittany , Li Tianqi , Willette Sara A. , Mochel Jonathan P. , Allenspach Karin , Hu Guiping , Willette Auriel A.
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION

Aging is often associated with cognitive decline. Understanding neural factors that distinguish adults in midlife with superior cognitive abilities (Positive‐Agers) may offer insight into how the aging brain achieves resilience. The goals of this study are to (1) introduce an optimal labeling mechanism to distinguish between Positive‐Agers and Cognitive Decliners, and (2) identify Positive‐Agers using neuronal functional connectivity networks data and demographics.

METHODS

In this study, principal component analysis initially created latent cognitive trajectories groups. A hybrid algorithm of machine learning and optimization was then designed to predict latent groups using neuronal functional connectivity networks derived from resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Specifically, the Optimal Labeling with Bayesian Optimization (OLBO) algorithm used an unsupervised approach, iterating a logistic regression function with Bayesian posterior updating. This study encompassed 6369 adults from the UK Biobank cohort.

RESULTS

OLBO outperformed baseline models, achieving an area under the curve of 88% when distinguishing between Positive‐Agers and cognitive decliners.

DISCUSSION

OLBO may be a novel algorithm that distinguishes cognitive trajectories with a high degree of accuracy in cognitively unimpaired adults.

Highlights

Design an algorithm to distinguish between a Positive‐Ager and a Cognitive‐Decliner.

Introduce a mathematical definition for cognitive classes based on cognitive tests.

Accurate Positive‐Ager identification using rsfMRI and demographic data (AUC = 0.88).

Posterior default mode network has the highest impact on Positive‐Aging odds ratio.
Tooth Mg/Ca ratios and Aristotle's lantern morphometrics reflect trophic types in echinoids
Authors: Vafidis Dimitris , Varkoulis Anastasios , Zaoutsos Stefanos , Voulgaris Konstantinos
Published: June 2024

Several studies have inferred the ecological significance regarding the morphometrics of Aristotle's lantern and the mechanical properties of magnesium in echinoid teeth. This study attempts to combine these aspects, connecting them to the trophic habits of three native and an invasive echinoid in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Spatiotemporal data from the central and southern Aegean Sea were obtained, regarding the relative size of lanterns and demi‐pyramids of Arbacia lixula, Paracentrotus lividus, Sphaerechinus granularis, and the invasive echinoid Diadema setosum and the Mg/Ca ratios of four zones on the tooth cross‐section. Since environmental factors affect the examined factors, data for temperature, salinity, and concentration of chlorophyll‐a were included in a principal component analysis. A. lixula and P. lividus presented intraspecific differences in the relative size of the lantern and demi‐pyramid, while S. granularis and D. setosum exhibited variation in the elongation index. Differences in the Mg/Ca ratios were observed for all species although in different zones. Temperature appears to be related to all Mg/Ca zones except for the stone part, while the elongation index showed an inverse trend to all other morphometric parameters. The results of the PCA for the four species on the spatiotemporal level exhibited a distinction of individuals with season but not species, except for A. lixula, an omnivore with a carnivorous tendency, which was clearly separated from the herbivorous species. Using hierarchical clustering on the principal components it was evident that the three native species occupy different clusters, but when D. setosum was added, it shared the same cluster with S. granularis. This might infer similar feeding preferences, specifically for coralline algae, which might lead to a swift in the ecological equilibrium in regions, where D. setosum is found, either by affecting habitat type, or by restricting the distribution of S. granularis as was previously observed with Diadema africanum.
Body length changes for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) over five decades exhibit weak spatial synchrony over a broad latitudinal gradient
Authors: Imlay Tara L. , Breau Cindy , Dauphin Guillaume J. R. , Chaput Gérald , April Julien , Douglas Scott , Hogan J. Derek , McWilliam Sherise , Notte Daniela , Robertson Martha J. , Taylor Andrew , Underhill Kari , Weir Laura K.
Published: June 2024

Understanding the factors that drive spatial synchrony among populations or species is important for management and recovery of populations. The range‐wide declines in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations may be the result of broad‐scale changes in the marine environment. Salmon undergo rapid growth in the ocean; therefore changing marine conditions may affect body size and fecundity estimates used to evaluate whether stock reference points are met. Using a dataset that spanned five decades, 172,268 individuals, and 19 rivers throughout Eastern Canada, we investigated the occurrence of spatial synchrony in changes in the body size of returning wild adult Atlantic salmon. Body size was then related to conditions in the marine environment (i.e., climate indices, thermal habitat availability, food availability, density‐dependence, and fisheries exploitation rates) that may act on all populations during the ocean feeding phase of their life cycle. Body size increased during the 1980s and 1990s for salmon that returned to rivers after one (1SW) or two winters at sea (2SW); however, significant changes were only observed for 1SW and/or 2SW in some mid‐latitude and northern rivers (10/13 rivers with 10 of more years of data during these decades) and not in southern rivers (0/2), suggesting weak spatial synchrony across Eastern Canada. For 1SW salmon in nine rivers, body size was longer when fisheries exploitation rates were lower. For 2SW salmon, body size was longer when suitable thermal habitat was more abundant (significant for 3/8 rivers) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation was higher (i.e., warmer sea surface temperatures; significant for 4/8 rivers). Overall, the weak spatial synchrony and variable effects of covariates on body size across rivers suggest that changes in Atlantic salmon body size may not be solely driven by shared conditions in the marine environment. Regardless, body size changes may have consequences for population management and recovery through the relationship between size and fecundity.
In‐hospital and long‐term outcomes of cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction versus heart failure
Authors: Choi Ki Hong , Kang Danbee , Park Hyejeong , Park Taek Kyu , Lee Joo Myung , Song Young Bin , Hahn Joo‐Yong , Choi Seung‐Hyuk , Gwon Hyeon‐Cheol , Cho Juhee , Yang Jeong Hoon
Published: June 2024

Aims

This study sought to examine the difference in clinical characteristics, treatment strategy, trends in mortality, and medical costs according to the aetiologies of cardiogenic shock (CS).

Methods and results

This was a population‐based, nationwide, cohort study from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. All CS adults (≥18 years) were admitted to an intensive care unit from January 2010 to December 2020. The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality. The secondary outcomes were cardiac replacement therapy (left ventricular assisted device implantation or heart transplantation), all‐cause mortality, ischaemic stroke, rehospitalization for heart failure (HF) during follow‐up, and actual in‐hospital medical costs. Among 136 092 individuals with CS, 48 704 (29.7%) cases were due to acute myocardial infarction‐related CS (AMI‐CS), and the remaining 87 388 (71.3%) were due to HF‐CS (ischaemic cardiomyopathy [ICM] vs. non‐ICM, 49 504 [56.6%] vs. 37 884 [45.4%]). Patients with HF‐CS were older, less likely to be male, and less likely to receive mechanical circulatory support, compared to those with AMI‐CS. During the 10‐year study period, the in‐hospital mortality rate decreased, and actual medical costs tended to increase, regardless of CS aetiology. Compared with AMI‐CS, HF‐CS was associated with higher risks of in‐hospital mortality (40.3% vs. 28.5%; adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.43–1.52), cardiac replacement therapy (adjusted OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.16–2.34), as well as follow‐up mortality after successful discharge (19.3% vs. 8.5%; adjusted‐hazard ratio 1.54, 95% CI 1.48–1.59). HF‐CS had lower medical costs than AMI‐CS (adjusted ratio 0.79, 95% CI 0.79–0.80).

Conclusions

With medical advances during the past 10 years, the mortality of CS has decreased significantly, but the mortality of HF‐CS remains high. The findings highlight the need for effective treatment strategies for patients with HF‐CS.
Momentary mechanisms of binge‐eating symptoms using ecological momentary assessment: The moderating role of food addiction
Authors: Li Shirley S. , Kalan Rachel E. , Smith Alexandro , Mason Tyler B. , Smith Kathryn E.
Published: June 2024

Objective

Food addiction (FA) shows phenotypic and diagnostic overlap with eating disorders characterised by binge eating, though it is unknown how momentary processes driving binge‐eating symptoms differ by FA. The present study examined the possible moderating influence of FA severity on momentary mechanisms underlying binge‐eating symptomatology using ecological momentary assessment (EMA).

Method

Adults (N = 49, mean age = 34.9 ± 12.1, cis‐gender female = 77.1%) who met criteria for FA and/or binge‐eating disorder completed baseline measures including the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) followed by a 10‐day EMA protocol. Generalised linear mixed models assessed main effects of YFAS, momentary antecedents (affect, impulsivity, food cue exposure, appetite, and eating expectancies) and two‐way interactions between YFAS and within‐person antecedents.

Results

FA severity moderated momentary associations between food cue exposure and subsequent binge‐eating symptoms: the association was stronger among participants with lower but not higher YFAS scores. No other interactions were significant.

Conclusions

Some functional associations underlying binge‐eating symptoms vary based on individuals' level of FA symptoms. Future research to further understand how observed associations may differ amongst diverse populations and over course of illness may also inform future prevention and interventions.
AdaBoost‐powered cloud of things framework for low‐latency, energy‐efficient chronic kidney disease prediction
Authors: Al‐Kateeb Zeena N. , Abdullah Dhuha Basheer
Published: June 2024

The United Nations' sustainable development agenda has set an ambitious goal of reducing premature mortality from non‐communicable diseases by 33% by 2030. Among these diseases, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant contributor to both morbidity and mortality. Integrating the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing in healthcare has gained momentum, particularly in remote patient monitoring. However, it is essential to acknowledge that cloud computing has limitations, particularly in handling vast volumes of Big Data, mainly due to scalability and latency concerns. This article proposes a novel framework, AdaBoostCoTCKD, to mitigate latency issues, minimize response times, reduce power consumption, and optimize network resources for predicting CKD. The framework leverages the synergy between the AdaBoost machine learning technique and fog computing paradigms to enhance the precision and efficiency of CKD prediction methods. In addition, it introduces an auxiliary cloud‐based database, enriching the pool of future insights and facilitating prospective database infrastructure expansions. This augmentation is expected to impact predictive accuracy positively. We conducted comprehensive experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. Our model achieved an impressive training accuracy of 99.928% and testing accuracy of 99.975%, while the fog environment reduced latency by 31% and energy consumption by 75% compared to traditional cloud‐based solutions. Our proposed system enables early CKD detection and offers advantages over cloud‐only solutions, providing a robust and efficient platform for healthcare IoT applications with significant clinical value. These promising results underscore the potential of combining fog computing and the AdaBoost machine learning technique to advance healthcare by addressing latency, response time, power consumption, and network resource optimization challenges in CKD prediction.
Astrocyte coverage of excitatory synapses correlates to measures of synapse structure and function in ferret primary visual cortex
Authors: Thomas Connon I. , Ryan Melissa A. , McNabb Micaiah C. , Kamasawa Naomi , Scholl Benjamin
Published: June 2024

Most excitatory synapses in the mammalian brain are contacted or ensheathed by astrocyte processes, forming tripartite synapses. Astrocytes are thought to be critical regulators of the structural and functional dynamics of synapses. While the degree of synaptic coverage by astrocytes is known to vary across brain regions and animal species, the reason for and implications of this variability remains unknown. Further, how astrocyte coverage of synapses relates to in vivo functional properties of individual synapses has not been investigated. Here, we characterized astrocyte coverage of synapses of pyramidal neurons in the ferret visual cortex and, using correlative light and electron microscopy, examined their relationship to synaptic strength and sensory‐evoked Ca2+ activity. Nearly, all synapses were contacted by astrocytes, and most were contacted along the axon–spine interface. Structurally, we found that the degree of synaptic astrocyte coverage directly scaled with synapse size and postsynaptic density complexity. Functionally, we found that the amount of astrocyte coverage scaled with how selectively a synapse responds to a particular visual stimulus and, at least for the largest synapses, scaled with the reliability of visual stimuli to evoke postsynaptic Ca2+ events. Our study shows astrocyte coverage is highly correlated with structural metrics of synaptic strength of excitatory synapses in the visual cortex and demonstrates a previously unknown relationship between astrocyte coverage and reliable sensory activation.
Behavioral dishonesty in multiscenes: Associations with trait honesty and neural patterns during (dis)honesty video‐watching
Authors: Guo Xiaoli , Yin Lijun
Published: June 2024

Cross‐situational inconsistency is common in the expression of honesty traits; yet, there is insufficient emphasis on behavioral dishonesty across multiple contexts. The current study aimed to investigate behavioral dishonesty in various contexts and reveal the associations between trait honesty, behavioral dishonesty, and neural patterns of observing others behave honestly or dishonestly in videos (abbr.: (dis)honesty video‐watching). First, the results revealed limitations in using trait honesty to reflect variations in dishonest behaviors and predict behavioral dishonesty. The finding highlights the importance of considering neural patterns in understanding and predicting dishonest behaviors. Second, by comparing the predictive performance of seven types of data across three neural networks, the results showed that functional connectivity in the hypothesis‐driven network during (dis)honesty video‐watching provided the highest predictive power in predicting multitask behavioral dishonesty. Last, by applying the feature elimination method, the midline self‐referential regions (medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex), anterior insula, and striatum were identified as the most informative brain regions in predicting behavioral dishonesty. In summary, the study offered insights into individual differences in deception and the intricate connections among trait honesty, behavioral dishonesty, and neural patterns during (dis)honesty video‐watching.
Enhancing decision‐making in higher education: Exploring the integration of ChatGPT and data visualization tools in data analysis
Authors: Jiang Tristan , Liu Elina , Baig Tasawar , Li Qingrong
Published: June 2024

This chapter explores the potential of integrating conversational AI tools such as ChatGPT with data visualization (DV) tools such as Power BI in higher education settings. A brief history of chatbots is summarized and challenges and opportunities in higher education are outlined. The highlights include AI's prospects for enhancing data‐informed decision‐making while needing safeguards to mitigate risks. Through a pioneering exercise, we integrated ChatGPT's conversational capabilities with Power BI's interface via API and tested functionality. Suggestions for good practice and implications for higher education are discussed.

Practical Takeaways

The importance of data security, recognizing current limitations in accuracy, and good practices for integrating DV tools with ChatGPT. The exercise shows that AI tools have the potential to aid higher education leaders, but still face many challenges, and human judgment remains essential.

Integration of ChatGPT with Power BI in higher education aims to enable natural language interaction with data visualizations, facilitating dynamic discussions and insights for leaders.

Considerations include data security protocols, technical challenges, financial constraints, and the potential and limitations of AI. Technical challenges include limitations in ChatGPT's interpretation of complex queries, API performance issues, and data processing inefficiencies.

Affordability of enterprise AI versions poses a barrier to adoption for institutions with budget constraints despite recognizing potential benefits.

ChatGPT represents a significant advancement in AI capabilities but has limitations, including generating inaccurate information and lacking awareness of its limitations. Human oversight and critical evaluation are crucial in navigating the evolving AI landscape and leveraging its benefits effectively while mitigating risks.
Design of chiral acidic molecularly imprinted polymer for the enantioselective separation of (±)‐DOPA
Authors: Alnoman Rua B
Published: June 2024

Background

The study focuses on developing a stable enantioselective matrix for the efficient chiral identification and enantioresolution of l‐DOPA and (±)‐DOPA. The matrix is derived from a copolymeric material made from poly[(vinylsulfonic acid)‐co‐(4‐vinylpyridine)] crosslinked with divinylbenzene.

Results

l‐DOPA‐vinylsulfonamide was synthesized and characterized. This chiral sulfonamide was copolymerized with 4‐vinylpyridine in the presence of a divinylbenzene crosslinker, using azobisisobutyronitrile as a thermal initiator. Post‐polymerization, the polymeric particles were treated with NaOH and subsequently washed with acid to remove the integrated l‐DOPA species. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the imprinted l‐DOPA‐IP particles. The manufactured l‐DOPA‐IP demonstrated a tenfold greater affinity for l‐DOPA compared to d‐DOPA. Langmuir adsorption experiments at pH 6 showed a maximum capacity of 162 mg g−1. Enantiomeric excess values for l‐ and d‐DOPA, determined through optical separation using a column approach, were 94% and 82%, respectively, in the loading and recovery solutions.

Conclusion

The developed copolymeric material effectively served as an enantioselective matrix, exhibiting high selectivity and capacity for l‐DOPA. The process demonstrated efficient chiral identification and separation, achieving significant enantiomeric excess values for both l‐ and d‐DOPA. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Insights on agricultural nitrate leaching from soil block mesocosms
Authors: Loper Holly , Tenesaca Carlos , Pederson Carl , Helmers Matthew J. , Crumpton William G. , Lemke Dean , Hall Steven J.
Published: June 2024

Quantifying nitrate leaching in agricultural fields is often complicated by inability to capture all water draining through a specific area. We designed and tested undisturbed soil monoliths (termed “soil block mesocosms”) to achieve complete collection of drainage. Each mesocosm measures 1.5 m × 1.5 m × 1.2 m and is enclosed by steel on the sides and bottom with a single outlet to collect drainage. We compared measurements from replicate mesocosms planted to corn (Zea mays L.) with a nearby field experiment with tile‐drained plots (“drainage plots”), and with drainage from nearby watersheds from 2020 through 2022 under drought conditions. Annual mesocosm drainage volumes were 6.5–24.6 cm greater than from the drainage plots, likely because the mesocosms were isolated from the subsoil and could not store groundwater below the drain depth, whereas the drainage plots accumulated infiltration as groundwater. Thus, we obtained consistent nitrate leaching measurements from the mesocosms even when some drainage plots yielded no water. Despite drainage volume differences, mean flow‐weighted nitrate concentrations were similar between mesocosms and drainage plots in 2 of 3 years. Mesocosm annual drainage volume was 8.7 cm lower to 16.7 cm higher than watershed drainage, likely due to lagged influences of groundwater. Corn yields were lower in mesocosms than drainage plots in 2020, but with irrigation, yields were similar in subsequent years. Mean 2020 surface soil moisture and temperature were similar between the mesocosms and nearby fields. Based on these comparisons, the mesocosms provide a robust method to measure nitrate leaching with lower variability than field plots.
Exploring genetic counselors' practice of discussing clinical trials with patients
Authors: Bloom Thea , Bonini Katherine E. , Gutierrez‐Kapheim Melissa , Kinsley Lisa M. , Smith Maureen E. , Duquette Debra
Published: June 2024

Despite concerted and accelerated efforts to increase the knowledge of medicine and disease via clinical studies, clinical trials continue to face low enrollment for all patient groups. The dissemination of the availability of clinical trials to individuals with or at risk for hereditary disorders is critical. This study acts as a foundation in determining an unexplored role of clinical trial discussion in genetic counseling practice. Board‐certified, patient‐facing genetic counselors in the United States were invited to participate in an anonymous survey via the National Society of Genetic Counselors. Between February and April 2022, 157 participants (N = 157) completed the survey on clinical trial discussion with patients, barriers, and facilitators to discussing clinical trials with patients, research experience, and demographics. Survey results identified that most respondents have discussed the availability of clinical trials with a patient (85%). Almost one‐third have previous research experience working for a clinical trial (30%). Most agreed that discussions of clinical trials are within the scope of genetic counseling (82%); however, one‐third were not comfortable discussing them with patients (34%). Respondents who know how to find specific clinical trials (p < 0.001) were reportedly more likely to be comfortable discussing clinical trials with their patients. In addition to clinical research exposure, this study suggests that further education and training is necessary for genetic counselors to learn how to find and identify specific clinical trials for their patients. In turn, we hope for this to increase genetic counselors' comfort of clinical trial discussion.
The role of ultraviolet radiation in the flavor formation during drying processing of Pacific saury (Cololabis saira)
Authors: Zhao Ling , Wang Lin , Cao Rong , Liu Qi , Su Dong , Zhang Yating , Yu Yueqin
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Traditional sun‐drying aquatic products are popular and recognized by customers, owing to their unique flavor and long‐term preservation. However, the product quality and production efficiency cannot be guaranteed. Cololabis saira is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, which are susceptible to hyperoxidation during the drying process. This study aimed to make clear the role of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in flavor formation during drying processes of Cololabis saira to develop a modern drying technology.

RESULTS

Lipid oxidation analysis revealed that moderate hydrolytic oxidation occurred in the UV‐assisted cold‐air drying group due to the combined influence of UV and cold‐air circulation, resulting in the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value being higher than that of cold‐air drying group but lower than the natural drying group. Hexanal, heptanal, cis‐4‐heptenal, octanal, nonanal, (trans,trans)‐2,4‐heptadienal, (trans,trans)‐2,6‐nonanedial, 1‐octen‐3‐ol, heptanol, 2,3‐pentanedione, 3,5‐octadien‐2‐one and trimethylamine were identified as the characteristic flavor odor‐active compounds present in all Cololabis saira samples. Yet, during the natural drying process, sunlight promoted the lipid oxidation, resulting in the highest degree of lipid oxidation among three drying methods. Light and heat promoted lipid oxidation in Cololabis saira prepared through natural drying process, leading to a large accumulation of volatile compounds, such as 3‐methylbutyraldehyde, 2,3‐pentanedione, 1‐propanol, and 3‐pentanone. Cold air circulation inhibited lipid oxidation to some extent, resulting in a blander flavor profile. More cis‐4‐heptenal, cis‐2‐heptenal, octanal and 2‐ethylfuran accumulated during the UV‐assisted cold‐air drying process, enriching its greasy flavor and burnt flavor.

CONCLUSION

UV‐assisted cold‐air drying could promote moderate lipid oxidation, which is beneficial for improving product flavor. To sum up, UV radiation played a crucial role in the flavor formation during the drying process of Cololabis saira. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Dose‐dependent protective effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG against stress‐induced ulcer
Authors: Işık Musab , Özbayer Cansu , Dönmez Dilek Burukoğlu , Erol Kevser , Çolak Ertuğrul , Üstüner Mehmet Cengiz , Değirmenci İrfan
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Stress‐related diseases are on the rise and stress is one of the common factors that lead to ulcer. Stress‐induced mucosal bleeding is a serious complication observed in many critically ill patients. Due to the harmful side effects of proton pump inhibitors, natural and active alternative treatment methods for peptic ulcer treatment that are safe in terms of side effects are an urgent need for human health. We aimed to investigate the dose‐dependent protective effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) against stress ulcer induced by cold restraint stress in rats. This study was performed in a total of 42 rats, in control group (C), stress group (S), pantoprazole (20 mg kg−1 day−1) group (P), LGG (3 × 108 cfu mL−1 day−1) + stress group (M1), LGG (15 × 108  mL−1 day−1) + stress group (M5) and LGG (30 × 108  mL−1 day−1) + stress group (M10) (each n = 7). Ulceration areas (mm2) were determined quantitatively with ImageJ software. Glucocorticoid, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were determined by ELISA and malondialdehyde levels were determined by spectrophotometric measurement. Histopathological examinations were performed in gastric tissue.

RESULTS

Therapeutic dose of LGG increased CAT, SOD and GPx levels; prevented excessive activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis; reduced ulceration and bleeding in the gastric mucosal layer; and provided stabilization of mast cells.

CONCLUSIONS

We can suggest that LGG may be beneficial for reducing the negative effects of stress on the body, for protecting against ulcer disease and for reducing or preventing the risk of stress‐induced gastrointestinal bleeding in patients staying in intensive care units. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Outcomes of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy in Huntington's Disease at a Tertiary Center
Authors: Farag Mena , Coleman Annabelle , Knights Harry , Murphy Michael J. , Rajagopal Sangeerthana , Touzé Alexiane , Shoai Maryam , Hearst Cara , Salanio Desiree M. , Wild Edward J. , Tabrizi Sarah J.
Published: June 2024

Background

Clinically assisted nutrition and hydration via percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a therapeutic option to ameliorate the difficulties associated with enhanced catabolism, weight loss, and dysphagia in Huntington's disease (HD).

Objectives

The objective is to provide insights into demographics, staging (Shoulson‐Fahn), complications, weight trajectories, and survival rates in people with HD (pwHD) who underwent PEG.

Methods

This retrospective study included 705 consecutive pwHD who attended our HD clinic between July 2006 and March 2024, of whom 52 underwent PEG. A control group (n = 52), comprising pwHD without PEG, were closely matched for sex, stage, age, CAG length, and disease burden score at PEG. The study was registered as a service evaluation at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery.

Results

PEG prevalence was 15.0% (n = 52/347) among manifest pwHD: 4.8% (n = 3/62) for Stage 3; 33.3% (n = 16/48) for stage 4; and 44.1% (n = 30/68) for stage 5. Commonest indications were dysphagia, weight loss, and inadequate oral intake. Complications included chest infection, tube dislodgement, and peristomal and skin infections. Modeling of weight trajectories after PEG found no difference between PEG and non‐PEG groups. Mortality rate was 34.6% (n = 18/52) in the PEG and 36.5% (n = 19/52) in the non‐PEG groups (P = 0.84). Treatment duration (until study endpoint or death) was 3.48 years (interquartile range = 1.71–6.02; range = 0.23–18.8), with 65.4% (n = 34/52) alive at the study endpoint.

Conclusion

PEG in pwHD at‐risk for weight loss may help slow weight loss. Prospective studies are required to strengthen PEG decision‐making in pwHD. PEG survival was much longer than other dementias, highlighting the need to consider PEG independently in pwHD.
Structural analysis of neomycin B and kanamycin A binding Aminoglycosides Modifying Enzymes (AME) and bacterial ribosomal RNA
Authors: Revillo Imbernon Julia , Weibel Jean‐Marc , Ennifar Eric , Prévost Gilles , Kellenberger Esther
Published: June 2024

Aminoglycosides are crucial antibiotics facing challenges from bacterial resistance. This study addresses the importance of aminoglycoside modifying enzymes in the context of escalating resistance. Drawing upon over two decades of structural data in the Protein Data Bank, we focused on two key antibiotics, neomycin B and kanamycin A, to explore how the aminoglycoside structure is exploited by this family of enzymes. A systematic comparison across diverse enzymes and the RNA A‐site target identified common characteristics in the recognition mode, while assessing the adaptability of neomycin B and kanamycin A in various environments.
Myotonia congenita in a Greek cohort: Genotype spectrum and impact of the CLCN1:c.501C > G variant as a genetic modifier
Authors: Marinakis Nikolaos M. , Svingou Maria , Papadimas Giorgos‐Konstantinos , Papadopoulos Constantinos , Chroni Elisabeth , Pons Roser , Pavlou Evangelos , Sarmas Ioannis , Kosma Konstantina , Apostolou Paraskevi , Sofocleous Christalena , Traeger‐Synodinos Joanne , Kekou Kyriaki
Published: June 2024

Introduction/Aims

Myotonia congenita (MC) is the most common hereditary channelopathy in humans. Characterized by muscle stiffness, MC may be transmitted as either an autosomal dominant (Thomsen) or a recessive (Becker) disorder. MC is caused by variants in the voltage‐gated chloride channel 1 (CLCN1) gene, important for the normal repolarization of the muscle action potential. More than 250 disease‐causing variants in the CLCN1 gene have been reported. This study provides an MC genotype–phenotype spectrum in a large cohort of Greek patients and focuses on novel variants and disease epidemiology, including additional insights for the variant CLCN1:c.501C > G.

Methods

Sanger sequencing for the entire coding region of the CLCN1 gene was performed. Targeted segregation analysis of likely candidate variants in additional family members was performed. Variant classification was based on American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) guidelines.

Results

Sixty‐one patients from 47 unrelated families were identified, consisting of 51 probands with Becker MC (84%) and 10 with Thomsen MC (16%). Among the different variants detected, 11 were novel and 16 were previously reported. The three most prevalent variants were c.501C > G, c.2680C > T, and c.1649C > G. Additionally, c.501C > G was detected in seven Becker cases in‐cis with the c.1649C > G.

Discussion

The large number of patients in whom a diagnosis was established allowed the characterization of genotype–phenotype correlations with respect to both previously reported and novel findings. For the c.501C > G (p.Phe167Leu) variant a likely nonpathogenic property is suggested, as it only seems to act as an aggravating modifying factor in cases in which a pathogenic variant triggers phenotypic expression.
Brain metabolism after therapeutic hypothermia for murine hypoxia‐ischemia using hyperpolarized [1‐13C] pyruvate magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Xiaodan , Manninen Tiina , Capper Alkisti Mikrogeorgiou , Jiang Xiangning , Ellison Jacob , Kim Yaewon , Gurler Gokce , Xu Duan , Ferriero Donna M.
Published: June 2024

Hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a common neurological syndrome in newborns with high mortality and morbidity. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH), which is standard of care for HIE, mitigates brain injury by suppressing anaerobic metabolism. However, more than 40% of HIE neonates have a poor outcome, even after TH. This study aims to provide metabolic biomarkers for predicting the outcomes of hypoxia‐ischemia (HI) after TH using hyperpolarized [1‐13C] pyruvate magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Postnatal day 10 (P10) mice with HI underwent TH at 1 h and were scanned at 6–8 h (P10), 24 h (P11), 7 days (P17), and 21 days (P31) post‐HI on a 14.1‐T NMR spectrometer. The metabolic images were collected, and the conversion rate from pyruvate to lactate and the ratio of lactate to pyruvate in the injured left hemisphere (kPL(L) and Lac/Pyr(L), respectively) were calculated at each timepoint. The outcomes of TH were determined by the assessments of brain injury on T2‐weighted images and behavioral tests at later timepoint. kPL(L) and Lac/Pyr(L) over time between the good‐outcome and poor‐outcome groups and across timepoints within groups were analyzed. We found significant differences in temporal trends of kPL(L) and Lac/Pyr(L) between groups. In the good‐outcome group, kPL(L) increased until P31 with a significantly higher value at P31 compared with that at P10, while the level of Lac/Pyr(L) at P31 was notably higher than those at all other timepoints. In the poor‐outcome group, kPL(L) and Lac/Pyr(L) increased within 24 h. The kPL(L) value at P11 was considerably higher compared with P10. Discrete temporal changes of kPL(L) and Lac/Pyr(L) after TH between the good‐outcome and poor‐outcome groups were seen as early as 24 h after HI, reflecting various TH effects on brain anaerobic metabolism, which may provide insights for early screening for response to TH.
An efficient flux‐variable approximation scheme for Darcy's flow
Authors: Adhikari Rajan B. , Kim Imbumn , Lee Young Ju , Sheen Dongwoo
Published: June 2024

We present an efficient numerical method to approximate the flux variable for the Darcy flow model. An important feature of our new method is that the approximate solution for the flux variable is obtained without approximating the pressure at all. To accomplish this, we introduce a user‐defined parameter delta, which is typically chosen to be small so that it minimizes the negative effect resulting from the absence of the pressure, such as inaccuracy in both the flux approximation and the mass conservation. The resulting algebraic system is of significantly smaller degrees of freedom, compared to the one from the mixed finite element methods or least‐squares methods. We also interpret the proposed method as a single step iterate of the augmented Lagrangian Uzawa applied to solve the mixed finite element in a special setting. Lastly, the pressure recovery from the flux variable is discussed and an optimal‐order error estimate for the method is obtained. Several examples are provided to verify the proposed theory and algorithm, some of which are from more realistic models such as SPE10.
Recent developments in the polybenzoxazine based bionanocomposites: A review
Authors: Kavitha N. , Chandramohan A. , Dinakaran K. , Prabukanthan P.
Published: June 2024

An overview of bionanocomposites of polybenzoxazine, which is a highly promising material, is presented in this review paper along with an update on the current developments in this material. With an enormous range of applications, polybenzoxazines are emerging as a latest set of phenolic resins. Its favorable features make it an excellent replacement for many current polymers due to its simplicity in structure design, synthetic process, and polymerization reactions. Problematic aspects of petro‐based raw materials are their nonrenewable nature, toxicity, and rising expense. Hence, the advent of sustainable benzoxazines is promising since it enables the synthesis of monomers without the need for solvents and the processing of these monomers to create extremely thermally stable thermoset resins. This is particularly true when the monomer is derived from naturally occurring, agro‐waste cardanol. A platform for additional structural alterations to expand the uses of cardanol benzoxazine in adhesives, composites, and energy storage devices is provided by its intrinsic properties. There are numerous articles are available for biobased polybenzoxazine, and hence, the focus of the present review is dedicated to (1) nanomaterails loaded bio‐based polybenzoxazines, and (2) bio‐derived nanomaterials loaded polybenzoxazines.
Low energy impact damage characteristics of epoxy coating on the surface of sandwich composites
Authors: Jia Caixia , Cui Hang , Wang Qian , Li Zhixin , Qiu Yunpeng , Yan Chao
Published: June 2024

When composite honeycomb sandwich structures are subjected to low energy impacts, the upper panel or the honeycomb core often suffers large damages, which are invisible, but affects the structural safety. To achieve non‐destructive detection of these damages, an epoxy resin film (ERF) was designed as a functional coating to display the internal failure features on structure surface. The effect of low energy impacts on the damage modes of the ERF was first investigated, and then the correspondence between the ERF damage characteristics and the structural internal failure was established. Simulation and experimental results showed that with the increase of impact energy, cracks on the ERF expanded from the radial radiation with a small extension range to the circumferential pattern with an increased damage area. Meanwhile, localized delamination appeared inside the upper panel, while the degree of flexure and crushing damage to the core continued to increase. Based on the analysis of the crack extension pattern of the ERF and the damage state of the upper panel and honeycomb core, a specific link between the ERF crack characteristics and the internal damages to the sandwich structure was obtained, which might offer a novel non‐destructive testing method for composite impact damages.

Highlights

Low energy impact damage in honeycomb sandwich structures was a concern.

Impact damage response of epoxy resin film on sandwich composites was studied.

Crack extension of the film showed a particular change from radial to annular.

Specific link between film crack and sandwich structure damage was established.

The results would be helpful for damage detection in sandwich composites.
3D‐printed spider web‐inspired sensor with integrated energy‐absorption and force perception capabilities
Authors: Zhang Yuhan , Li Jianyang , Wang Gexin , Zhang Yuzhe , Zhao Yao , Gong Yongqi , Li Bingqian , Wang Kunyang
Published: June 2024

Nature has evolved a myriad of dedicate‐designed structures that assist in prey capture. Spiders employ their web structures for vibrational sensing and prey capture, analogous to a component of a neurosensory system. Here, we propose a spider web‐inspired sensor with integrated energy‐absorption and force perception capabilities by 3D printing. The conductive carbon black/TPU composite made from TPU granules and carbon black particles are employed for 3D printing. We analyze the underlying sensing mechanism of conductive CB/TPU composites stemming from the enhanced dispersion of the CB particles. Through 3D printing method, we are allowed to regulate the structure's form, filling density, arrangement, and printing path to tailor the static mechanical properties, initial resistance, and force sensitivity of the spider‐web inspired structure. The static mechanical model for single silk of the spider‐web inspired structure is constructed. We explore the energy absorption capability of spider‐web inspired structures with different structural parameters, and demonstrate its impact perceiving characteristics at different falling height. Additionally, we assembled a circuit to visually reflect the falling height of the impacting ball through the brightness of the LED light. This study provides insights to endowing structural materials with intelligent characteristics, contributing to their practical applications in the fields of biomedical, soft robotics, and artificial skin, etc.

Highlights

A spider web‐inspired sensor is 3D printed with CB/TPU composites.

The sensor has integrated force perception and energy‐absorption capabilities.

The sensitivity capabilities can be regulated by parameter design.

The mechanical model of the bioinspired structure is constructed.

Its impact perceiving characteristics are demonstrated by two applications.
Research on low‐velocity impact damage of composites based on improved Chang–Chang criterion
Authors: Guo Wei , Huang Huayao , Zhao Feng , Zhao Jialong , Feng Tao , Liu Lian , Han Canfei
Published: June 2024

Considering the nonlinearity of shear in the mechanics of composite materials, the increase of shear strength when the substrate interface is compressed, and the shear of the matrix itself, the Chang–Chang criterion is improved. The improved Chang–Chang criterion was used to establish a progressive damage model of low‐velocity impact of composites. The low‐velocity impact process of T700/EM134 composite laminates in the energy range from 5 to 10 J was compared by physical tests and finite element simulations, and the calculated impact response curves and material damage were in good agreement with the test results, which proved that the model of the improved criterion was suitable for the damage prediction of low‐velocity impact of composite laminates.

Highlight

Consider various situations in composite material shearing.

Improved based on the Chang–Chang criterion.

Establishing a progressive damage model for low‐speed impacts.

Comparison through physical experiments and finite element simulation.

Prove that the improved criterion model is suitable for damage prediction.
Effect of cotton‐polyester composite yarn on the physico‐mechanical and comfort properties of woven fabric
Authors: Akter Nasrin , Repon Md. Reazuddin , Pranta Arnob Dhar , Islam Shaima , Khan Azmat Ali , Malik Abdul
Published: June 2024

Cotton is the most widely used natural cellulosic polymer and polyester is a synthetic polymer. The use of polyester fiber is increasing gradually day by day due to its strength and longevity, while the use of cotton fiber is decreasing due to its unavailability. At present, the use of cotton‐polyester composites is ubiquitous. This research work aims to assess the physical, mechanical and comfort properties of the woven fabric using cotton‐polyester composite yarns in a weft direction and coarser yarn count because of the use of these fabrics in the future for the denim manufacturing process. Four different samples were fabricated by using 100% cotton (10 Ne) yarn in the warp direction and 100% cotton, cotton‐polyester composite, and 100% polyester yarn in the weft direction of the fabric. Similar fabric and machine parameters were maintained for manufacturing all the samples. The samples were then tested for areal density, tensile strength, thickness, abrasion resistance and pilling, drape, flexural rigidity, and air permeability to find the optimum capability of the fabric. Physico‐mechanical properties with the proportion of increasing polyester components in fabrics improves areal density (184 to 199 g/m2), strength (almost 19 times in weft direction), drape (0.655% to 0.789%), and flexural rigidity (almost double). On the other hand, increasing comfortability properties with the proportion of cotton components in fabrics improve air permeability (139.85 to 159.58 cc/s/cm2), abrasion (only 3.036% mass loss), and pilling resistance (grading 4 after 2000 cycles).

Highlights

Composite yarns made of cotton and polyester provide a method of improving fabric properties for better performance.

Higher proportions of cotton make clothes more breathable and less likely to pill and wear out.

Polyester parts make fabrics stronger, more durable, and less likely to wear out.

Cotton‐polyester composites are ideal and have potential for various textile applications.

Blending natural and synthetic fibers composite allows for customized fabrics that meet specific performance needs without compromising comfort.