bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduced protein synthesis in schizophrenia patient-derived olfactory cells
Authors: English J A , Fan Y , Föcking M , Lopez L M , Hryniewiecka M , Wynne K , Dicker P , Matigian N , Cagney G , Mackay-Sim A , Cotter D R
Published: October 2015

Human olfactory neurosphere-derived (ONS) cells have the potential to provide novel insights into the cellular pathology of schizophrenia. We used discovery-based proteomics and targeted functional analyses to reveal reductions in 17 ribosomal proteins, with an 18% decrease in the total ribosomal signal intensity in schizophrenia-patient-derived ONS cells. We quantified the rates of global protein synthesis in vitro and found a significant reduction in the rate of protein synthesis in schizophrenia patient-derived ONS cells compared with control-derived cells. Protein synthesis rates in fibroblast cell lines from the same patients did not differ, suggesting cell type-specific effects. Pathway analysis of dysregulated proteomic and transcriptomic data sets from these ONS cells converged to highlight perturbation of the eIF2α, eIF4 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) translational control pathways, and these pathways were also implicated in an independent induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem model, and cohort, of schizophrenia patients. Analysis in schizophrenia genome-wide association data from the Psychiatric Genetics Consortium specifically implicated eIF2α regulatory kinase EIF2AK2, and confirmed the importance of the eIF2α, eIF4 and mTOR translational control pathways at the level of the genome. Thus, we integrated data from proteomic, transcriptomic, and functional assays from schizophrenia patient-derived ONS cells with genomics data to implicate dysregulated protein synthesis for the first time in schizophrenia.
Perfluoroalkylchain conjugation as a new tactic for enhancing cell permeability of peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) via reducing the nanoparticle size
Authors: Ellipilli Satheesh , vasudeva Murthy Raghavendra , Ganesh Krishna N.
Published: October 2015

Conjugation of PNAs with perfluoroalkyl chains enhances cell permeability by reducing the nanoparticle size.
The renaissance of 2,4,6-tris(2-pyrimidyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TPymT) coordination chemistry
Authors: Safin Damir A. , Frost Jamie M. , Murugesu Muralee
Published: October 2015

In this perspective we report on recently accumulated data on the synthesis and coordination chemistry of 2,4,6-tris(2-pyrimidyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TPymT).
Catalytic addition of amines to carbodiimides by bis(β-diketiminate)lanthanide(ii) complexes and mechanistic studies
Authors: Xue Mingqiang , Zheng Yu , Hong Yubiao , Yao Yingming , Xu Fan , Zhang Yong , Shen Qi
Published: October 2015

Bis(β-diketiminate)lanthanide(ii) complexes L2Ln(THF)n were found to be excellent pre-catalysts for catalytic addition of amines to carbodiimides and a possible catalytic mechanism was proposed on the basis of the isolation of monoguanidinate Eu(ii) and bis(guanidinate) Yb(iii) species.
Organometal halide perovskite solar cells: degradation and stability
Authors: Berhe Taame Abraha , Su Wei-Nien , Chen Ching-Hsiang , Pan Chun-Jern , Cheng Ju-Hsiang , Chen Hung-Ming , Tsai Meng-Che , Chen Liang-Yih , Dubale Amare Aregahegn , Hwang Bing-Joe
Published: October 2015

What are the bottlenecks for organometal halide perovskite solar cells to achieve the stability required for commercialization?
Fuel and chemicals from wet lignocellulosic biomass waste streams by hydrothermal carbonization
Authors: Burguete Pedro , Corma Avelino , Hitzl Martin , Modrego Rubén , Ponce Estefanía , Renz Michael
Published: October 2015

The hydrothermal carbonization process can be considered as a source for valuable apolar platform molecules derived from certain lignocellulosic biomass waste feedstocks in addition to the production of hydrochar.
Structure-based virtual screening and experimental validation of the discovery of inhibitors targeted towards the human coronavirus nucleocapsid protein
Authors: Chang Chung-ke , Jeyachandran Sivakamavalli , Hu Nien-Jen , Liu Chia-Ling , Lin Shing-Yen , Wang Yong-Sheng , Chang Yu-Ming , Hou Ming-Hon
Published: October 2015

Nucleocapsid protein (NP), an essential RNA-binding viral protein in human coronavirus (CoV)-infected cells, is an antiviral target for drug discovery.
Light emission in nanogaps: overcoming quenching
Authors: Yang Jianji , Faggiani Rémi , Lalanne Philippe
Published: October 2015

Tiny metal nanogaps may offer a unique platform for achieving extremely larger spontaneous decay rate with high quantum yield.
Naphthalene diimide and benzothiadiazole copolymer acceptor for all-polymer solar cells with improved open-circuit voltage and morphology
Authors: Liu Fangbin , Li Hui , Wu Yishi , Gu Chunling , Fu Hongbing
Published: October 2015

The octyloxy-substituted polymer PNDIBTOC8 achieves a high PCE of 3.14% with a high Voc of 0.90 V in all-polymer solar cells, and aggregates into the dendrite-like phase separation in blend films.
Titanium functionalized α-zirconium phosphate single layer nanosheets for photocatalyst applications
Authors: Zhou Yingjie , Wang Aoning , Wang Zhoulu , Chen Miao , Wang Wei , Sun Luyi , Liu Xiang
Published: October 2015

Titanium species were immobilized on α-ZrP nanosheets (ZrP–Ti) using a modified post-grafting method.
Cationic polythiophene for specific detection of cyanide ions in water using fluorometric technique
Authors: Ghosh Radhakanta , Das Sandip , Chatterjee Dhruba P. , Nandi Arun K.
Published: October 2015

A new fluorometric cyanide sensor using cationic polythiophene exhibits high sensitivity, selectivity with a low detection limit (4.4 ppb) in water.
A novel high-energetic and good-sensitive cocrystal composed of CL-20 and TATB by a rapid solvent/non-solvent method
Authors: Xu Haifeng , Duan Xiaohui , Li Hongzhen , Pei Chonghua
Published: October 2015

In this work, through a rapid nucleation solvent/non-solvent process, a novel CL-20/TATB cocrystal explosive has been successfully prepared with a detonation performance superior to HMX and an impact sensitivity almost the same as HMX.
Electrochemical preparation and characterization of a polypyrrole/nickel-cobalt hexacyanoferrate nanocomposite for supercapacitor applications
Authors: Ensafi Ali Asghar , Ahmadi Najmeh , Rezaei Behzad
Published: October 2015

A new electrode material for supercapacitor application is introduced based on polypyrrole conductive polymer and nickel-cobalt hexacyanoferrate poly-nuclear inorganic compound.
The use of polymer-supported Candida antarctica lipase B to achieve the entropically-driven ring-opening polymerization of macrocyclic bile acid derivatives via transesterification: selectivity of the reactions and the structures of the polymers produced
Authors: Hodge Philip , Chakiri Abdel B.
Published: October 2015

ED-ROPs of macrocyclic lactones by transesterifications catalyzed by CALB are further explored and predictions of the product structures made.
A multi-walled carbon nanotube/poly-2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol film modified carbon paste electrode for the amperometric determination of l-tyrosine
Authors: D'Souza Ozma J. , Mascarenhas Ronald J. , Satpati Ashis K. , Namboothiri Irishi N. N. , Detriche Simon , Mekhalif Zineb , Delhalle Joseph
Published: October 2015

An electrochemically induced oxa-Michael addition reaction for electro-polymerization of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol at CPE/MWCNT for the electro-catalytic oxidation of tyrosine.
Hybrid materials of pyrene substituted phthalocyanines with single-walled carbon nanotubes: structure and sensing properties
Authors: Kaya Esra Nur , Basova Tamara , Polyakov Maxim , Durmuş Mahmut , Kadem Burak , Hassan Aseel
Published: October 2015

Hybrid materials of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) were obtained by their non-covalent functionalization with asymmetrically polyoxyethylene substituted metal-free, copper(ii) and cobalt(ii) phthalocyanines bearing one pyrene group as a substituent.
Retracted Article: Synthesis and characterization of Co/Ti layered double hydroxide and its application as a photocatalyst for degradation of aqueous Congo Red
Authors: Roy Chowdhury Priyadarshi , Bhattacharyya Krishna G.
Published: October 2015

Hydrothermally synthesized 2 : 1 Co/Ti LDH exhibits remarkable visible light assisted degradation of Congo Red (∼99.7%) to simple and less toxic molecules than the parent carcinogenic dye.
Development of a multifunctional biomimicking l-cysteine based oxovanadium(iv) complex: synthesis, DFT calculations, bromo-peroxidation and nuclease activity
Authors: Saha Urmila , Mukherjea Kalyan K.
Published: October 2015

An oxovanadium complex [VO(sal-l-cys)(phen)] (sal-l-cys = Schiff base derived from salicylaldehyde and l-cysteine; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) has been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic studies (IR, UV-vis, ESI-MS and EPR studies).
The critical role of additives in binary halogen-free solvent systems for the general processing of highly efficient organic solar cells
Authors: Yao Kai , Xu Yun-Xiang , Wang Xiaofeng , Li Fan , Yuan Jiren
Published: October 2015

Our work demonstrated that the use of the additive strategy for halogen-free solvent systems may provide a feasible route to address the critical environmental issues associated with large-scale manufacturing.
Monocyclic and bicyclic CO4: how stable are they?
Authors: He Fei-fei , Gao Si-meng , de Petris Giulia , Rosi Marzio , Ding Yi-hong
Published: October 2015

For the first time the barriers for the CO2-elimination from 11 and 12 energy-rich CO4 were located, they amount to 28.7 and 14.7 kcal mol−1 at the CASPT2(18e,12o)/CBS level of theory, and 23.5 and 21.1 kcal mol−1 at the UCCSD(T)/CBS level of theory.
Thermal, electrical and structural studies on ionic liquid confined in ordered mesoporous MCM-41
Authors: Tripathi Alok Kumar , Verma Yogendra Lal , Singh Rajendra Kumar
Published: October 2015

In the present study, immobilization of different amounts of ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate [EMIM][BF4] into the pores of ordered mesoporous MCM-41 (Mobil Composition of Matter no. 41) has been accomplished successfully.
Facile method to synthesize a carbon layer embedded into titanium dioxide nanotubes with metal oxide decoration for electrochemical applications
Authors: Song Yan-Yan , Li Ya-Hang , Guo Jing , Gao Zhi-Da , Li Ying
Published: October 2015

We report a facile and economical method to form a carbon layer embedded into self-organized titanium dioxide nanotubes (C/TiO2 NTs) with a double-walled morphology using a one-step pyrolysis method.
The effect of PEGylation on the stimulation of IL-1β by gold (Au) nanoshell/silica core nanoparticles
Authors: Nguyen Hai T. , Shen Hong
Published: October 2015

PEGylation of Au nanoshell/silica core (GNS) particles reduces the aggregation in cell culture and the generation of IL-1β and the influx of neutrophils in the mouse peritoneal cavity.
Fe3O4@carbon@zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 nanoparticles as multifunctional pH-responsive drug delivery vehicles for tumor therapy in vivo
Authors: He Mengni , Zhou Jiajia , Chen Jian , Zheng Fangcai , Wang Dongdong , Shi Ruohong , Guo Zhen , Wang Haibao , Chen Qianwang
Published: October 2015

Controlled drug release is a promising approach for cancer therapy due to its merits of reduced systemic toxicity and enhanced antitumor efficacy.
Rayleigh-Taylor mixing in supernova experiments
Authors: Swisher N. C. , Kuranz C. C. , Arnett D. , Hurricane O. , Remington B. A. , Robey H. F. , Abarzhi S. I.
Published: October 2015

We report a scrupulous analysis of data in supernova experiments that are conducted at high power laser facilities in order to study core-collapse supernova SN1987A. Parameters of the experimental system are properly scaled to investigate the interaction of a blast-wave with helium-hydrogen interface, and the induced Rayleigh-Taylor instability and Rayleigh-Taylor mixing of the denser and lighter fluids with time-dependent acceleration. We analyze all available experimental images of the Rayleigh-Taylor flow in supernova experiments and measure delicate features of the interfacial dynamics. A new scaling is identified for calibration of experimental data to enable their accurate analysis and comparisons. By properly accounting for the imprint of the experimental conditions, the data set size and statistics are substantially increased. New theoretical solutions are reported to describe asymptotic dynamics of Rayleigh-Taylor flow with time-dependent acceleration by applying theoretical analysis that considers symmetries and momentum transport. Good qualitative and quantitative agreement is achieved of the experimental data with the theory and simulations. Our study indicates that in supernova experiments Rayleigh-Taylor flow is in the mixing regime, the interface amplitude contributes substantially to the characteristic length scale for energy dissipation; Rayleigh-Taylor mixing keeps order.
Thermal stability of boron nitride/silicon p-n heterojunction diodes
Authors: Teii Kungen , Mizusako Yusei , Hori Takuro , Matsumoto Seiichiro
Published: October 2015

Heterojunctions of p-type cubic boron nitride (cBN) and n-type silicon with sp2-bonded BN (sp2BN) interlayers are fabricated under low-energy ion impact by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, and their rectification properties are studied at temperatures up to 573 K. The rectification ratio is increased up to the order of 105 at room temperature by optimizing the thickness of the sp2BN interlayer and the cBN fraction for suppressing the reverse leakage current. A highly rectifying p-type cBN/thick sp2BN/n-type silicon junction diode shows irreversible rectification properties mainly characterized by a marked decrease in reverse current by an order of magnitude in an initial temperature ramp/down cycle. This irreversible behavior is much more reduced by conducting the cycle twice or more. The temperature-dependent properties confirm an overall increase in effective barrier heights for carrier injection and conduction by biasing at high temperatures, which consequently increases the thermal stability of the diode performance.
Curved non-relativistic spacetimes, Newtonian gravitation and massive matter
Authors: Geracie Michael , Prabhu Kartik , Roberts Matthew M.
Published: October 2015

There is significant recent work on coupling matter to Newton-Cartan spacetimes with the aim of investigating certain condensed matter phenomena. To this end, one needs to have a completely general spacetime consistent with local non-relativistic symmetries which supports massive matter fields. In particular, one cannot impose a priori restrictions on the geometric data if one wants to analyze matter response to a perturbed geometry. In this paper, we construct such a Bargmann spacetime in complete generality without any prior restrictions on the fields specifying the geometry. The resulting spacetime structure includes the familiar Newton-Cartan structure with an additional gauge field which couples to mass. We illustrate the matter coupling with a few examples. The general spacetime we construct also includes as a special case the covariant description of Newtonian gravity, which has been thoroughly investigated in previous works. We also show how our Bargmann spacetimes arise from a suitable non-relativistic limit of Lorentzian spacetimes. In a companion paper [M. Geracie et al., e-print arXiv:1503.02680], we use this Bargmann spacetime structure to investigate the details of matter couplings, including the Noether-Ward identities, and transport phenomena and thermodynamics of non-relativistic fluids.
24 GHz microwave mode converter optimized for superconducting ECR ion source SECRAL
Authors: Guo J. W. , Sun L. , Niu X. J. , Zhang X. Z. , Lu W. , Zhang W. H. , Feng Y. C. , Zhao H. W.
Published: October 2015

Over-sized round waveguide with a diameter about Ø33.0 mm excited in the TE01 mode has been widely adopted for microwave transmission and coupling to the ECR (Electron Cyclotron Resonance) plasma with the superconducting ECR ion sources operating at 24 or 28 GHz, such as SECRAL and VENUS. In order to study the impact of different microwave modes on ECRH (Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating) efficiency and especially the production of highly charged ions, a set of compact and efficient TE01-HE11 mode conversion and coupling system applicable to 24 GHz SECRAL whose overall length is 330 mm has been designed, fabricated and tested. Good agreements between off-line tests and calculation results have been achieved, which indicates the TE01-HE11 converter meets the application design. The detailed results of the optimized coupling system will be presented in the paper.
Theoretical studies for the N2–N2O van der Waals complex: The potential energy surface, intermolecular vibrations, and rotational transition frequencies
Authors: Zheng Rui , Zheng Limin , Lu Yunpeng , Yang Minghui
Published: October 2015

Theoretical studies of the potential energy surface (PES) and bound states are performed for the N2–N2O van der Waals (vdW) complex. A four-dimensional intermolecular PES is constructed at the level of single and double excitation coupled-cluster method with a non-iterative perturbation treatment of triple excitations [CCSD(T)] with aug-cc-pVTZ basis set supplemented with bond functions. Two equivalent T-shaped global minima are located, in which the O atom of N2O monomer is near the N2 monomer. The intermolecular fundamental vibrational states are assigned by inspecting the orientation of the nodal surface of the wavefunctions. The calculated frequency for intermolecular disrotation mode is 23.086 cm−1, which is in good agreement with the available experimental data of 22.334 cm−1. A negligible tunneling splitting with the value of 4.2 MHz is determined for the ground vibrational state and the tunneling splitting increases as the increment of the vibrational frequencies. Rotational levels and transition frequencies are calculated for both isotopomers 14N2–N2O and 15N2–N2O. The accuracy of the PES is validated by the good agreement between theoretical and experimental results for the transition frequencies and spectroscopic parameters.
Giant enhancement in the ferroelectric field effect using a polarization gradient
Authors: Gu Zongquan , Islam Mohammad A. , Spanier Jonathan E.
Published: October 2015

Coupling of switchable ferroelectric polarization with the carrier transport in an adjacent semiconductor enables a robust, non-volatile manipulation of the conductance in a host of low-dimensional systems, including the two-dimensional electron liquid that forms at the LaAlO3 (LAO)-SrTiO3 (STO) interface. However, strength of the gate-channel coupling is relatively weak, limited in part by the electrostatic potential difference across a ferroelectric gate. Here, through application of phenomenological Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire theory and self-consistent Poisson-Schrödinger model calculations, we show how compositional grading of PbZr1−xTixO3 ferroelectric gates enables a more than twenty-five-fold increase in the LAO/STO channel conductance on/off ratios. Incorporation of polarization gradients in ferroelectric gates can enable breakthrough performance of ferroelectric non-volatile memories.
Far-infrared VRT spectroscopy of the water dimer: Characterization of the 20 μm out-of-plane librational vibration
Authors: Cole William T. S. , Fellers Ray S. , Viant Mark R. , Leforestier Claude , Saykally Richard J.
Published: October 2015

We report the first high-resolution spectra for the out-of-plane librational vibration in the water dimer. Three vibrational subbands comprising a total of 188 transitions have been measured by diode laser spectroscopy near 500 cm−1 and assigned to (H2O)2 libration-rotation-tunneling eigenstates. The band origin for the Ka = 1 subband is ˜524 cm−1. Librational excitation increases the interchange and bifurcation hydrogen bond rearrangement tunneling splittings by factors of 3-5 and 4-40, respectively. Analysis of the rotational constants obtained from a nonlinear least squares fit indicates that additional external perturbations to the energy levels are likely.
Picosecond dissociation of amyloid fibrils with infrared laser: A nonequilibrium simulation study
Authors: Hoang Viet Man , Derreumaux Philippe , Li Mai Suan , Roland Christopher , Sagui Celeste , Nguyen Phuong H.
Published: October 2015

Recently, mid-infrared free-electron laser technology has been developed to dissociate amyloid fibrils. Here, we present a theoretical framework for this type of experiment based on laser-induced nonequilibrium all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. We show that the fibril is destroyed due to the strong resonance between its amide I vibrational modes and the laser field. The effects of laser irradiation are determined by a balance between fibril formation and dissociation. While the overall rearrangements of the fibril finish over short time scales, the interaction between the peptides and the solvent continues over much longer times indicating that the waters play an important role in the dissociation process. Our results thus provide new insights into amyloid fibril dissociation by laser techniques and open up new venues to investigate the complex phenomena associated with amyloidogenesis.
Boundary conditions for gas flow problems from anisotropic scattering kernels
Authors: To Quy-Dong , Vu Van-Huyen , Lauriat Guy , Léonard Céline
Published: October 2015

The paper presents an interface model for gas flowing through a channel constituted of anisotropic wall surfaces. Using anisotropic scattering kernels and Chapman Enskog phase density, the boundary conditions (BCs) for velocity, temperature, and discontinuities including velocity slip and temperature jump at the wall are obtained. Two scattering kernels, Dadzie and Méolans (DM) kernel, and generalized anisotropic Cercignani-Lampis (ACL) are examined in the present paper, yielding simple BCs at the wall fluid interface. With these two kernels, we rigorously recover the analytical expression for orientation dependent slip shown in our previous works [Pham et al., Phys. Rev. E 86, 051201 (2012) and To et al., J. Heat Transfer 137, 091002 (2015)] which is in good agreement with molecular dynamics simulation results. More important, our models include both thermal transpiration effect and new equations for the temperature jump. While the same expression depending on the two tangential accommodation coefficients is obtained for slip velocity, the DM and ACL temperature equations are significantly different. The derived BC equations associated with these two kernels are of interest for the gas simulations since they are able to capture the direction dependent slip behavior of anisotropic interfaces.
Phonon transport properties in pillared silicon film
Authors: Wei Zhiyong , Yang Juekuan , Bi Kedong , Chen Yunfei
Published: October 2015

The phonon transport property of pillared silicon film is systematically investigated by molecular dynamics simulation and lattice dynamics calculation. It is found that the thermal conductivity can be reduced to as low as 28.6% of the conductivity of plain ones. Although the reduced thermal conductivity can be explained qualitatively by increased surface roughness, our calculations show that the pillars modify the phonon dispersion relation and reduce the phonon group velocity due to the local resonance effects. Furthermore, by analyzing the participation ratio spectra, it is shown that the pillars reduce the mode participation ratio over the whole range of frequency. We found that the mode localization around the pillars is another important factor to reduce the thermal conductivity of pillared film. The present investigations indicate that the pillared film may have potential application in thermoelectric energy conversion.
Non-diffusive thermal transport in GaAs at micron length scales
Authors: Johnson Jeremy A. , Eliason Jeffrey K. , Maznev Alexei A. , Luo Tengfei , Nelson Keith A.
Published: October 2015

We use a transient thermal grating technique in reflection geometry to measure the effective thermal diffusivity in GaAs as a function of heat transfer distance at three temperatures. Utilizing heterodyne detection, we isolate the “amplitude” grating contribution of the transient grating signal, which encodes the thermal transport dynamics. As the thermal grating period decreases, and thus the heat-transfer distance, we observe a reduction in the effective thermal diffusivity, indicating a departure from diffusive behavior. Non-diffusive behavior is observed at room temperature, as well as low temperature (180 K) and high temperature (425 K). At the shortest thermal grating period measured corresponding to a heat transfer distance of approximately 1 μm, the effective diffusivity drops to a value roughly 50% of the bulk thermal diffusivity. These measurements show the utility of the reflection transient thermal grating technique to measure thermal transport properties of opaque materials.
Solvent immersion nanoimprint lithography of fluorescent conjugated polymers
Authors: Whitworth G. L. , Zhang S. , Stevenson J. R. Y. , Ebenhoch B. , Samuel I. D. W. , Turnbull G. A.
Published: October 2015

Solvent immersion imprint lithography (SIIL) was used to directly nanostructure conjugated polymer films. The technique was used to create light-emitting diffractive optical elements and organic semiconductor lasers. Gratings with lateral features as small as 70 nm and depths of ∼25 nm were achieved in poly(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl). The angular emission from the patterned films was studied, comparing measurement to theoretical predictions. Organic distributed feedback lasers fabricated with SIIL exhibited thresholds for lasing of ∼40 kW/cm2, similar to those made with established nanoimprint processes. The results show that SIIL is a quick, convenient and practical technique for nanopatterning of polymer photonic devices.
Compact test apparatus for evaluation of flow erosion of marine coatings
Authors: Dębowski M. A. , Quintana R. , Lee H. P.
Published: October 2015

An apparatus designed and manufactured for evaluation of flow erosion of coatings or layers is presented in this paper. The setup was primarily designed for coatings intended to perform in dynamic marine environments but can be also used for evaluation using fresh water. The concept is based on an in-line flow test cell and modular design allowing good flexibility of varying testing parameters. The flow rate that can be achieved depends on the flow cell geometry and can reach 28 km/h (15 kn) with the presented setup. Temperature may be adjusted between 15 and 35 °C. Particle and metal ion filters are parts of this setup. The dimensions of the apparatus including all components do not exceed 2 m × 2 m × 2 m. The use of the apparatus is illustrated with the results of evaluation of self-polishing anti-fouling coatings and model, silicon wafer grafted layers.
Supertransmission channel for an intrinsic localized mode in a one-dimensional nonlinear physical lattice
Authors: Sato M. , Nakaguchi T. , Ishikawa T. , Shige S. , Soga Y. , Doi Y. , Sievers A. J.
Published: October 2015

It is well known that a moving intrinsic localized mode (ILM) in a nonlinear physical lattice looses energy because of the resonance between it and the underlying small amplitude plane wave spectrum. By exploring the Fourier transform (FT) properties of the nonlinear force of a running ILM in a driven and damped 1D nonlinear lattice, as described by a 2D wavenumber and frequency map, we quantify the magnitude of the resonance where the small amplitude normal mode dispersion curve and the FT amplitude components of the ILM intersect. We show that for a traveling ILM characterized by a specific frequency and wavenumber, either inside or outside the plane wave spectrum, and for situations where both onsite and intersite nonlinearity occur, either of the hard or soft type, the strength of this resonance depends on the specific mix of the two nonlinearities. Examples are presented demonstrating that by engineering this mix the resonance can be greatly reduced. The end result is a supertransmission channel for either a driven or undriven ILM in a nonintegrable, nonlinear yet physical lattice.
Note: Design of a full photon-timing recorder down to 1-ns resolution for fluorescence fluctuation measurements
Authors: Nishimura Goro
Published: October 2015

A photon timing recorder was realized in a field programmable gate array to capture all timing data of photons on multiple channels with down to a 1-ns resolution and to transfer all data to a host computer in real-time through universal serial bus with more than 10 M events/s transfer rate. The main concept is that photon time series can be regarded as a serial communication data stream. This recorder was successfully applied for simultaneous measurements of fluorescence fluctuation and lifetime of near-infrared dyes in solution. This design is not only limited to the fluorescence fluctuation measurement but also applicable to any kind of photon counting experiments in a nanosecond time range because of the simple and easily modifiable design.
Characteristic time for halo current growth and rotation
Authors: Boozer Allen H.
Published: October 2015

A halo current flows for part of its path through the plasma edge and for part through the chamber walls and during tokamak disruptions can be as large as tenths of the plasma current. The primary interest in halo currents is the large force that they can exert on machine components particularly if the toriodal rotation of the halo current resonates with a natural oscillation frequency of the tokamak device. Halo currents arise when required to slow down the growth of a kink that is too unstable to be stabilized by the chamber walls. The width of the current channel in the halo plasma is comparable to the amplitude of the kink, and the halo current grows linearly, not exponentially, in time. The current density in the halo is comparable to that of the main plasma body. The rocket force due to plasma flowing out of the halo and recombining on the chamber walls can cause the non-axisymmetric magnetic structure produced by the kink to rotate toroidally at a speed comparable to the halo speed of sound. Gerhardt's observations of the halo current in NSTX shot 141 687 [Nucl. Fusion 53, 023005 (2013)] illustrate many features of the theory of halo currents and are discussed as a summary of the theory.
Intracellular effects of atmospheric-pressure plasmas on melanoma cancer cells
Authors: Ishaq M. , Bazaka K. , Ostrikov K.
Published: October 2015

Gas discharge plasmas formed at atmospheric pressure and near room temperature have recently been shown as a promising tool for cancer treatment. The mechanism of the plasma action is attributed to generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, electric fields, charges, and photons. The relative importance of different modes of action of atmospheric-pressure plasmas depends on the process parameters and specific treatment objects. Hence, an in-depth understanding of biological mechanisms that underpin plasma-induced death in cancer cells is required to optimise plasma processing conditions. Here, the intracellular factors involved in the observed anti-cancer activity in melanoma Mel007 cells are studied, focusing on the effect of the plasma treatment dose on the expression of tumour suppressor protein TP73. Over-expression of TP73 causes cell growth arrest and/or apoptosis, and hence can potentially be targeted to enhance killing efficacy and selectivity of the plasma treatment. It is shown that the plasma treatment induces dose-dependent up-regulation of TP73 gene expression, resulting in significantly elevated levels of TP73 RNA and protein in plasma-treated melanoma cells. Silencing of TP73 expression by means of RNA interference inhibited the anticancer effects of the plasma, similar to the effect of caspase inhibitor z-VAD or ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine. These results confirm the role of TP73 protein in dose-dependent regulation of anticancer activity of atmospheric-pressure plasmas.
Microsecond-pulsed dielectric barrier discharge plasma stimulation of tissue macrophages for treatment of peripheral vascular disease
Authors: Miller V. , Lin A. , Kako F. , Gabunia K. , Kelemen S. , Brettschneider J. , Fridman G. , Fridman A. , Autieri M.
Published: October 2015

Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels and normally occurs during the process of inflammatory reactions, wound healing, tissue repair, and restoration of blood flow after injury or insult. Stimulation of angiogenesis is a promising and an important step in the treatment of peripheral artery disease. Reactive oxygen species have been shown to be involved in stimulation of this process. For this reason, we have developed and validated a non-equilibrium atmospheric temperature and pressure short-pulsed dielectric barrier discharge plasma system, which can non-destructively generate reactive oxygen species and other active species at the surface of the tissue being treated. We show that this plasma treatment stimulates the production of vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and CXCL 1 that in turn induces angiogenesis in mouse aortic rings in vitro. This effect may be mediated by the direct effect of plasma generated reactive oxygen species on tissue.
Fast magnetic field annihilation driven by two laser pulses in underdense plasma
Authors: Gu Y. J. , Klimo O. , Kumar D. , Bulanov S. V. , Esirkepov T. Zh. , Weber S. , Korn G.
Published: October 2015

Fast magnetic annihilation is investigated by using 2.5-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations of two parallel ultra-short petawatt laser pulses co-propagating in underdense plasma. The magnetic field generated by the laser pulses annihilates in a current sheet formed between the pulses. Magnetic field energy is converted to an inductive longitudinal electric field, which efficiently accelerates the electrons of the current sheet. This new regime of collisionless relativistic magnetic field annihilation with a timescale of tens of femtoseconds can be extended to near-critical and overdense plasma with the ultra-high intensity femtosecond laser pulses.
Theoretical study on mode competition between fundamental and second harmonic modes in a 0.42 THz gyrotron with gradually tapered complex cavity
Authors: Zhao Qixiang , Yu Sheng , Li Xiang , Zhang Tianzhong
Published: October 2015

In this paper, the nonlinear dynamics of mode competition in the complex cavity gyrotron are studied by using multi-frequency, time-dependent theory with the cold-cavity longitudinal profile approximation. Based on the theory, a code is written to simulate the mode competition in the gradually tapered complex cavity gyrotron operating at second harmonic oscillation. The simulations tracking seven competition modes show that single mode oscillation of the desired mode TE17.4 at 150 kW level can be expected with proper choice of operating parameters. Through studying on mode competition, it is proved that the complex cavity has a good capability for suppressing the mode competition. Meanwhile, it is found that TE17.3 could be excited in the first cavity as a competition mode when the gyrotron operating at large beam current, which leads to that TE17.3 and TE17.4 with different frequencies can coexist stably in the complex cavity gyrotron with very close amplitudes. Thus, the complex cavity might be used for multi-frequency output gyrotron.
Using in-process measurements of open-gate structures to evaluate threshold voltage of normally-off GaN-based high electron mobility transistors
Authors: Hou Bin , Ma Xiao-Hua , Chen Wei-Wei , Zhu Jie-Jie , Zhao Sheng-Lei , Chen Yong-He , Xie Yong , Zhang Jin-Cheng , Hao Yue
Published: October 2015

The parameters of open-gate structures treated with different etching time were monitored during the gate recess process, and their impacts on the threshold voltage (Vth) of final fabricated AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) based on open-gate structures were discussed in this paper. It is found that Vth can exceed 0 V when channel resistance in the recessed region (Ron-open) increases over ∼275 Ω mm, maximum current (IDmax) decreases below ∼29 mA/mm, or recessed barrier thickness (tRB) is below ∼7.5 nm. In addition, tRB obtained by atomic force microscopy measurements and C-V measurements are also compared. Finally, theoretical common criteria based on the experimental results of this work for tRB and Ron-open were established to evaluate the Vth of a regular normally-off AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. The results indicate that these parameters of open-gate structure can be utilized to achieve normally-off HEMTs with controllable Vth.
Controlling the intrinsic bending of hetero-epitaxial silicon carbide micro-cantilevers
Authors: Ranjbar Kermany Atieh , Iacopi Francesca
Published: October 2015

We introduce a simple methodology to predict and tailor the intrinsic bending of a cantilever made of a single thin film of hetero-epitaxial silicon carbide grown on silicon. The combination of our novel method for the depth profiling of residual stress with a few nm resolution with finite element modelling allows for the prediction of the bending behaviour with great accuracy. We also demonstrate experimentally that a silicon carbide cantilever made of one distinct film type can be engineered to obtain the desired degree of either upward, flat, or downward bending, by selecting the appropriate thickness and cantilever geometry. A precise control of cantilever bending is crucial for microelectrical mechanical system applications such as micro-actuators, micro-switches, and resonant sensors.
Influence of ion orbit width on onset threshold of neoclassical tearing modes
Authors: Cai Huishan , Li Ding , Cao Jintao
Published: October 2015

The onset threshold of neoclassical tearing modes with finite ion orbit width is studied. The evolution of neoclassical tearing modes including the effect of ion orbit is derived analytically. When ion orbit width is comparable to island width, the effect of ion orbit is significant. It would increase the island width needed to flatten pressure in the island, and reduce the amplitude of ion perturbed bootstrap current. It is found that ion orbit effect tends to increase the onset threshold βθonset for a given seed island. It also would increase the lowest threshold βθ,min and the corresponding marginal island width. It has important implications for the onset of neoclassical tearing modes with comparable ion orbit width and island width in International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor.
Chemical environment of rare earth ions in Ge28.125Ga6.25S65.625 glass-ceramics doped with Dy3+
Authors: Wang Rongping , Yan Kunlun , Zhang Mingjie , Shen Xiang , Dai Shixun , Yang Xinyu , Yang Zhiyong , Yang Anping , Zhang Bin , Luther-Davies Barry
Published: October 2015

We have annealed Ge28.125Ga6.25S65.625 glasses doped with 0.5% Dy to create glass-ceramics in order to examine the local chemical environment of the rare earth ions (REI). More than 12 times enhancement of the emission at 2.9 and 3.5 μm was achieved in glass-ceramics produced using prolonged annealing time. Elemental mapping showed clear evidence that Ga2S3 crystalline grains with a size of 50 nm were dispersed in a Ge-S glass matrix in the glass-ceramics, and the REI could only be found near the Ga2S3 crystalline grains. From the unchanged lineshape of the emissions at 2.9 and 3.5 μm and lack of splitting of the absorption peaks, we concluded that the REI were bonded to Ga on the surface of the Ga2S3 crystals.
Large-scale proton radiography with micrometer spatial resolution using femtosecond petawatt laser system
Authors: Wang W. P. , Shen B. F. , Zhang H. , Lu X. M. , Wang C. , Liu Y. Q. , Yu L. H. , Chu Y. X. , Li Y. Y. , Xu T. J. , Zhang H. , Zhai S. H. , Leng Y. X. , Liang X. Y. , Li R. X. , Xu Z. Z.
Published: October 2015

An image of dragonfly with many details is obtained by the fundamental property of the high-energy proton source on a femtosecond petawatt laser system. Equal imaging of the dragonfly and high spatial resolution on the micrometer scale are simultaneously obtained. The head, wing, leg, tail, and even the internal tissue structures are clearly mapped in detail by the proton beam. Experiments show that image blurring caused by multiple Coulomb scattering can be reduced to a certain extent and the spatial resolution can be increased by attaching the dragonfly to the RCFs, which is consistent with theoretical assumptions.
Conformation dependent electronic transport in a DNA double-helix
Authors: Kundu Sourav , Karmakar S. N.
Published: October 2015

We present a tight-binding study of conformation dependent electronic transport properties of DNA double-helix including its helical symmetry. We have studied the changes in the localization properties of DNA as we alter the number of stacked bases within every pitch of the double-helix keeping fixed the total number of nitrogen bases within the DNA molecule. We take three DNA sequences, two of them are periodic and one is random and observe that in all the cases localization length increases as we increase the radius of DNA double-helix i.e., number of nucleobases within a pitch. We have also investigated the effect of backbone energetic on the I-V response of the system and found that in presence of helical symmetry, depending on the interplay of conformal variation and disorder, DNA can be found in either metallic, semiconducting and insulating phases, as observed experimentally.
Stress induced enhanced polarization in multilayer BiFeO3/BaTiO3 structure with improved energy storage properties
Authors: Sharma Savita , Tomar Monika , Kumar Ashok , Puri Nitin K. , Gupta Vinay
Published: October 2015

Present work reports the fabrication of a multilayer (5-layer) structure of BiFeO3(BFO)/BaTiO3(BTO) using spin-coating technique. The crystallographic structure, surface morphology and ferroelectric behavior of multilayer structure in metal-ferroelectric-metal capacitor have been studied. Le-Bail refinement of X-ray diffraction data revealed the formation of polycrystalline pure perovskite phase with induced stress. The values of remnant (Pr) and saturation polarization (Ps) for BFO/BTO multilayer structure are found to be 38.14 μC/cm2 and 71.54 μC/cm2 respectively, which are much higher than the corresponding values reported for bare BFO thin film. A large value of dielectric constant of 187 has been obtained for multilayer structure with a low leakage current density of 1.09 × 10−7 A/cm2 at applied bias of 10 V. The BFO/BTO multilayer structure favors the enhanced energy storage capacity as compared to bare BFO thin film with improved values of energy-density and charge-discharge efficiency as 121 mJ/cm3 and 59% respectively, suggesting futuristic energy storage applications.
Approach to theoretical estimation of the activation energy of particle aggregation taking ionic nonclassic polarization into account
Authors: Li Qinyi , Tang Ying , He Xinhua , Li Hang
Published: October 2015

The activation energy of particle aggregation in suspensions is a very important kinetic parameter in a wide range of science and engineering applications. At present, however, there is no theory that can theoretically predict the activation energy. Because the activation energy is often less than 10 kT (where k is the Boltzmann constant and T is the temperature), it is difficult to experimentally measure. In this study, a theory for calculating the activation energy is established. Experimental measurements of the activation energy of montmorillonite aggregation were performed with different electrolyte and particle concentrations using the dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique. The validity of the theory was verified by the experiments. This study confirmed that both the method for activation energy measurements by DLS and the theory for its calculation can be applied to suspensions of polydisperse nonspherical particles. The average kinetic energy at the moment of particle collision in the aggregation process was found to be 0.2 kT, which is less than the instantaneous kinetic energy of a Brownian particle (0.5 kT) because of the viscous resistance of the water medium. This study also shows that adsorbed Na+ is strongly polarized in the electric field near the particle surface, and the polarization increases the effective charge of Na+ from +1 to +1.18.
Rhodium(II) Azavinyl Carbenes and their Recent Application to Organic Synthesis
Authors: Hockey Samantha C. , Henderson Luke C.
Published: October 2015

This highlight solely focusses on the synthetic applications of azavinyl rhodium(II) carbenes derived from N-sulfonyl triazoles. An overview of their use in intermolecular reactions to form a variety of heterocycles is examined, in addition to intramolecular annulations and rearrangements.
Studies Toward the Total Synthesis and Stereochemical Assignment of Microspinosamide
Authors: Santhakumar Gajan , Payne Richard J.
Published: October 2015

Efforts toward the total synthesis and stereochemical assignment of the cyclic depsipeptide natural product microspinosamide are described. A single diastereoisomer was targeted corresponding to the predicted structure of the natural product incorporating a (2S, 3R)-β-hydroxy-p-bromophenylalanine residue. Assembly was achieved through the initial synthesis of a cyclic depsipeptide and a linear peptide thioester fragment by solid-phase peptide synthesis, followed by fusion of the two fragments through a native chemical ligation–oxidation protocol. Extensive spectroscopic analysis showed structural differences to the isolated natural product, suggesting that a diastereoisomer of microspinosamide had been synthesised. This work lays the foundation for the future synthesis of the correct diastereoisomer.
Maternal CD4
+
T cells protect against severe congenital cytomegalovirus disease in a novel nonhuman primate model of placental cytomegalovirus transmission
Authors: Bialas Kristy M. , Tanaka Takayuki , Tran Dollnovan , Varner Valerie , Cisneros De La Rosa Eduardo , Chiuppesi Flavia , Wussow Felix , Kattenhorn Lisa , Macri Sheila , Kunz Erika L. , Estroff Judy A. , Kirchherr Jennifer , Yue Yujuan , Fan Qihua , Lauck Michael , O’Connor David H. , Hall Allison H. S. , Xavier Alvarez , Diamond Don J. , Barry Peter A. , Kaur Amitinder , Permar Sallie R.
Published: October 2015

Significance

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the leading infectious cause of childhood hearing loss and brain damage worldwide. Yet, despite its high prevalence and ranking as a top priority for vaccine development, the immune correlates of protection that could guide vaccine development remain undefined. Using a novel nonhuman primate model of congenital CMV transmission, we demonstrate a critical role for maternal CD4
+
T cells in the induction of protective maternal immune responses that prevent fetal demise. In addition to establishing placental CMV transmission for the first time (to our knowledge) in nonhuman primates, this study reveals an association between delayed maternal virus-specific neutralizing antibody responses and severe fetal outcome, providing insight into the mechanism by which maternal CD4
+
T cells impact congenital CMV disease.
Development of a diverse human T-cell repertoire despite stringent restriction of hematopoietic clonality in the thymus
Authors: Brugman Martijn H. , Wiekmeijer Anna-Sophia , van Eggermond Marja , Wolvers-Tettero Ingrid , Langerak Anton W. , de Haas Edwin F. E. , Bystrykh Leonid V. , van Rood Jon J. , de Haan Gerald , Fibbe Willem E. , Staal Frank J. T.
Published: October 2015

Significance

The number of hematopoietic stem cell clones contributing to T-cell development is restricted at entry of and during further development inside the thymus. However, despite this severe restriction, a fully diverse T-cell receptor repertoire can be generated, indicating that hematological and immunological clonality are independently regulated.