bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of teaching media in learning English language
Authors: Khodjaeva Saodatkhan
Published: May 2021

This article is devoted to the study of the issue of teaching media in learning language. The use of mass media to teach language in authentic context represents a double challenge for language teachers. Teaching media is one of important part in delivering the subject. Especially for the students as second language learners. Teacher needs to have media as strategy to attract the students to learn English in order to reach the goal of teaching learning.
Актуальные проблемы методики преподавания русского языка в иноязычных группах
Authors: Махмадиева Раъно
Published: May 2021

В данной статье рассматривается актуальные проблемы методики преподавания русского языка в учебных заведениях на узбекском и таджикском языках. Исследуется фонетическая система русского языка в сопоставлении с системами узбекского и таджикского языков. Обосновывается “несхожесть” фонологии исследуемых языков и факты выявления проблемы. Изучаются способы устранения поставленного вопроса
Maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalar kun tartibida jismoniy madaniyat daqiqalarini tashkil etish yo’llari
Authors: Muxitdinova Nigora
Published: May 2021

Jismoniy tarbiya mashg’ulotlarining ahamiyati - harakatlar madaniyatining kompleks shakllanishi, sog’lomlashtirish, ta’limiy va tarbiyaviy vazifalarni muntazam amalga oshirishdan iboratdir. Bu vazifalarning bajarilishi kamoloti, organizmning funksional takomillashuvi, bola sog’ligining mustahkamlanishi, ular tomonidan to’g’ri harakat ko’nikmalarining egallanishini, jismoniy sifatlar hamda jismoniy tarbiya va sportga nisbatan emotsional ijobiy munosabatni, shaxsning har tomonlama rivojlantirilishini ta’minlaydi. Maqolada maktabgacha yoshda bolalar kun tartibida jismoniy tarbiya mashg’ulotlarining, xususan jismoniy madaniyat daqiqalarining  asosiy maqsadi, vazifalari va xususiyatlari ochib berilgan.
Дидактик ўйинлар бошланғич синф ўқувчиларида коммуникатив компетенцияларини ривожлантириш усули сифатида
Authors: Турсунов Ҳусанбой
Published: May 2021

Мазкур мақолада чет тилини ўрганилишида ва самарали мулоқот қилишда дидактик ўйинларнинг роли ва аҳамияти ҳақида фикр юритилади. Дидактик ўйин кўпгина педагогик вазифаларни ўқувчилар учун энг қулай ва жозибадор бўлган ўйин тарзида ҳал қилиш имконини беради.
Лингвокультурологический анализ пословиц и поговорок в русском и английском языках
Authors: Аббасова Наргиза
Published: May 2021

Лингвокультурология обращена по преимуществу к содержательной стороне пословиц и поговорок, и в связи с этим она использует данные других гуманитарных дисциплин. В.П. Аникин писал: «Содержательная сторона интересует специалистов различных профилей. Историки находят в пословицах обычаи народной старины и отзвуки событий древности; юристы видят в пословицах отражение норм обычного права; этнограф благодаря пословицам получает представление о характере уже исчезнувших обычаев и порядков; филологи через пословицы пытаются понять особенности и строй народного мышления; лингвисты видят в пословицах ценнейший материал изучения характера и законов человеческой речи» [Аникин]. Данное суждение представляется нам в высшей степени справедливым. Данная статья рассматривает исследования интерпретации денотативного или образно мотивированного аспектов значения языкового знака в категориях культуры английского и русского языков.
О некоторых семантико-стилистических особенностях односоставных обобщенно-личных предложений
Authors: Саидов Бахтиёр
Published: May 2021

В данной статье, мы проанализировали некоторые особенности семантической структуры наиболее распространенного типа обобщенно-личных предложений с глагольным сказуемым, выраженным глаголом 2-го лица ед. числа изъявит., наклонения, с учетом их функционирования в речи и взаимодействия с другими видами односоставных конструкций – определенно-личными и инфинитивными.
Уголовно-правовые аспекты умышленного убийства с особой жестокостью
Authors: Аллаева Залина , Абзалова Хуршида
Published: May 2021

В статье законодательный и доктринальный анализ убийств, совершенных с особой жестокостью. Рассматривается история развития отечественного праве данного понятия, сравниваются современные зарубежные страны и их институциональное толкование понятия. Рассматриваются соответствующие проблемы, связанные с квалификациями и расхождения ученых по данному вопросу. В выводах обобщен подход законодателей и исследователей, приводятся рекомендации по совершенствованию законодательства.
Ўқув машғулотларида мақсад ва вазифаларни аниқлашнинг ўзига хос хусусиятлари
Authors: Ernazarov Alisher
Published: May 2021

Ушбу мақолада ўқув машғулотларининг сифати, уларнинг мақсадини, вазифаларини, мазмунини, шакл, метод, технология ва воситаларини тўғри танлашга, бунга ҳамкорликда эришиш учун ўқув материалларини эгаллашга таълим олувчиларни сафарбар этишга кўп жиҳатдан боғлиқ масалалар борасида сўз юритилган.
Понятие и сущность юридической помощи. Статус и роль адвокатов при оказании юридической помощи
Authors: Норметова Малика , Неъматов Жасур
Published: May 2021

В настоящей статье автором выносится на обсуждение суть юридической помощи, а также ее ключевые элементы, гарантированные Конституцией Республики Узбекистан. Проводится анализ самого термина юридической помощи и квалифицированной юридической помощи с приведением мнений различных ученых-правоведов, раскрывается сущность данного понятия с точки зрения отечественного законодательства, а также представляется авторское определение данного термина и обосновывается необходимость его внедрения в национальное законодательство.
Физика фанини қисқа вақтда такрорлаш ва қайта ўрганиш
Authors: Хусанов Зафар
Published: May 2021

Физикани барча бўлимларини такрорлаш ва қайта ўрганиш учун унинг бўлимларини блок ёки модулларга ажратиб,уларнинг назарий қисмини такрорлаш,масала ҳамда тест вазифаларини ишлашда ва уни қисқа муддатда такрорлаш учун кунлар ва вақтларни режалаштириш зарур. Бунда яратилган «Физикани такрорланг» ўқув қўлланма-маълумотнома катта ёрдам беради. Мақолада ўқувчиларнинг элементар физика курсини мустақил такрорлаш ва қайта ўрганиш масалалари баён қилинган ҳамда ўқувчиларнинг билимини баҳолашни амалга ошириш муаммолари ёритилган.
История нотариата и отдельные аспекты совершения нотариальных действий в СССР и Узбекской ССР за годы Великой Отечественной войны
Authors: Мамажанова Интизор
Published: May 2021

Отечественная война советского народа поставила перед органами государственного нотариата ряд новых вопросов, правильное разрешение которых требовало от работников нотариата повышения их юридической грамотности. Существенные изменения претерпел и порядок совершения нотариальных действий в Республики Узбекистан. Данная статья посвящена проблемам формирования общесоюзной системы советского нотариата в период Великой Отечественной войны.
Гиповитаминозы у военнослужащих
Authors: Рахимова Дурдона , Аскарова Нилуфар
Published: May 2021

Гиповитаминозы и авитаминозы при расстройствах общего питания военнослужащих возникают как сопутствующие, вследствие недостаточного введения вместе с пищей витаминов, неполного всасывания их в желудочно-кишечном тракте, а также недостаточного усвоения их организмом.
Факторы, связанные с питанием: нерегулярное, однообразное питание, потребление большого количества пищи за один раз, еда всухомятку, поспешная еда, плохое разжевывание пищи, применение большого количества острых приправ, злоупотребление алкоголем, физическое переутомление, неблагоприятные условия внешней среды усугубляют заболевания желудочно-кишечного тракта.
Правильный и своевременный прием пищи, улучшение ее качества, сохранение витаминных свойств пищи при кулинарной обработке, дополнительная витаминизация пищи предупреждают заболевания желудочно-кишечного тракта.
Факторы, связанные с питанием:  нерегулярное, однообразное питание, потребление большго количества пищи за один раз, еда всухомятку, поспешная еда, плохое разжевывание пищи, применение большого количества острых приправ, злоупотребление алкоголем, физическое переутомление, неблагоприятные условия внешней среды усугубляют заболевания желудочно-кишечного тракта.
Правильный  и своевременный прием пищи, улучшение ее качества, сохранение витаминных свойств пищи при кулинарной обработке, дополнительная витаминизация пищи предупреждают  заболевания желудочно-кишечного тракта.
PENDIDIKAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF POLITIK KEBANGSAAN
Authors: Kabibulloh Nur
Published: May 2021

Konsep ideal pendidikan yang dicita-citakan untuk mencapai masyarakat Indonesia yang sejahtera yang mempunyai kepribadian luhur dan berperadaban tinggi. Untuk itu perlu menerjemahkan konsep tersebut menjadi lebih operasional dan realistik sesuai dengan kondisi Bangsa Negara Indonesia supaya dapat dilaksanakan oleh para pelaku pendidikan. Sehingga tidak lagi menjadi cita-cita yang mulia yang hanya ada dalam angan-angan/utopis, tetapi bisa membumi di bumi Nusantara Indonesia. 
Berlakunya ketentuan otonomi daerah mempunyai implikasi terhadap pelaksanaan pendidikan sebagai upaya mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa dengan berbagai macam konsekuensi-konsekuensi yang harus ditanggung. Berlandaskan pada landasan politik melalui ketentuan UU Sisdiknas dan Otonomi Daerah dapat ditarik kesimpulan tentang beberapa orientasi pendidikan sebagai implikasinya; 1) Proses belajar diarahkan pada penguasaan semua aspek kompetensi baik kognitif, psikomotor, maupun afektif; 2) Mengembnagkan sistem evaluasi yang komprehensif, terus-menerus dan objektif, yang dapat merangsang berkembangnya potensi peserta didik secara maksimal; 3) Tersedianya infrastruktur yang memadah; 4) Pemerataan pendidikan yang berkualitas dan bermutu professional
PERILAKU PENCARIAN INFORMASI MAHASISWA STAINU JAKARTA
Authors: Rozinah Siti
Published: May 2021

Perkembangan informasi sangat bermanfaat dalam memenuhi kebutuhan informasi. Tingkat kebutuhan setiap orang berbeda-beda, semakin tinggi tingkat kebutuhan akan informasi maka perilaku pengguna untuk mencari dan menemukan informasi juga semakin aktif. Tentunya informasi yang dibutuhkan adalah informasi yang relevan dan akurat dan dapat membantu mengatasi masalah yang sedang dihadapi. Tingkat kebutuhan tersebut mengakibatkan adanya perbedaan perilaku setiap pengguna informasi dalam melakukan pencarian informasi. Pencarian informasi adalah suatu kegiatan yang dilakukan seseorang untuk mendapatkan informasi.
Perilaku dalam pencarian informasi diistilahkan sebagai information searching behaviour. Menurut Wilson (2000) â€œperilaku pencarian informasi adalah upaya pencarian informasi yang digunakan oleh pencari informasi ketika berinteraksi dengan sistem informasiâ€. Dalam hal ini pengguna informasi menyadari adanya kebutuhan yang harus dipenuhi untuk kelangsungan kegiatan sehari-hari pengguna informasi.
BAHASA DAN NALAR BANGSA
Authors: Alnizar Fariz
Published: May 2021

Bahasa sebagaimana dikatakan oleh Anton M. Moeliono (2010) adalah hakikat dari pikiran itu sendiri, bahasa yang sistematis dan baik secara langsung menunjukkan ketertiban pola pikir sang penutur, namun sebaliknya bahasa yang tak sistematis adalah dalil kuat akan keruwetan pikiran sang penutur.
Bahkan mendiang Ayatrohaedi (2009) berpendapat bahwa bahasa merupakan pilar penting dalam membangun sebuah kebudayaan, kebudayaan yang baik secara tidak langsung terbangun dari pondasi berupa kebiasaan serta habit yang baik pula dari pemilik kebudayaan, kebiasaan yang baik sudah barang tentu lahir dari pola pikir yang baik, dan pola pikir yang baik tidak lain bisa tumbuh subur dari bahasa yang baik.
CINA DAN ISLAM DALAM PERGOLAKAN INDONESIA
Authors: Junus Muhammad
Published: May 2021

Sejarah merupakan proses yang mencatat tumbuh-kembang aneka ragam nilai-nilai sosial dan moral, kultur serta peradaban umat manusia sepanjang zaman (Candra Setiawan). Sejarah terlahir sebagai langkah awal menampaki dan mensyukuri karunia Tuhan atas kekuatanNya untuk melahirkan, mencipta dan menata alam semesta beserta bentuk di dalamnya. Tanpa sejarah, manusia tidak akan mengenal siapa dirinya, dari mana asalnya, dan hendak kemana ia akan pergi. Karena sejarah diturunkan sebagai penyeimbang perjalanan hidup manusia melalaui nilai- nilai rohani guna menancapkan kebenaran yang tidak kunjung padam meskipun mereka telah tiada, hal ini sebagai konsekuensi kehendak Tuhan atas karunia-Nya.
Sebagaimana juga sejarah panjang hubungan Cina-Indonesia berkaitan dengan kedatangan orang-orang Cina di Indonesia yang jika dilihat dari kurun waktu sudah berjalan cukup lama yakni bersamaan dengan kedatangan orang-orang Islam yang pertama kali[1]. Bahkan lebih dari itu, Pramoedya Ananta Toer pernah mengatakan jika masyarakat Tinghoa adalah bagian dari keturunan Nenek Moyang bangsa kita. Orang-orang Tinghoa  bukan mendarat dari luar negeri. Mereka sudah ada sejak nenek moyang kita. Mereka itu sebenarnya orang-orang Indonesia, yang hidup dan mati di Indonesia juga, tetapi karena sesuatu tabir politik, tiba-tiba menjadi orang asing yang tidak asing
Sejarah mencatat adanya hubungan internasional yang terjadi di Asia Tenggara sejak awal Masehi, dan hal ini mengakibatkan masuk-keluarnya tradisi-tradisi besar ke Nusantara, diawali dengan kebudayaan Hindu-Budha pada abad ke 1-5 M, kemudian Islam abad ke 7-13 M, dan abad ke 17 M ada- lah negara-negara Eropa dengan kolonialismenya.
STUDI PENDUDUKAN ACEH DALAM DE ATJEHERS
Authors: Amin Syaifullah
Published: May 2021

Beberapa tradisi rakyat Aceh percaya pada ketajaman indera pemimpinnya. Bahwa Tjut Njak DiÃ«n memiliki indera yang sangat tajam. Kepada pengawalnya, Pang LeubÃ©, Beliau berkata: â€œSaya mencium bau penjajah Belanda di sekeliling sayaâ€. Memang benar, Pang LeubÃ© â€œberbau Belandaâ€. Akhirnya si LeubÃ© dibunuh oleh Tjut Njak DiÃ«n dengan rencongnya sendiri. Sebagai penutup, marilah kita sejenak merenungkan tentang sejarah yang telah berlalu dan hanya menyisakan catatanatatan dari peristiwa masa silam tersebut. Bahwa, dalam kasus Cristian Snouck Hurgronje dan kehadirannya di Aceh. Kita dapat menengarai timbulnya ekses berkepanjangan yang hingga kini masih harus dipikul oleh masyarakat Aceh dalam berbagai bentuk keniscayaan lainnya hingga zaman pemerintahan NKRI
(TRADISI) PESANTREN DI MATA MARTINVAN BRUINESSEN
Authors: Murtaufiq Sudarto
Published: May 2021

Banyak dari kita, mengenal pesantren dari kesederhanaan bangunan-bangunan fisiknya, kesederhanaan cara hidup para santri, kepatuhan mutlak santri terhadap kyainya, dan dalam beberapa hal kita temukan pengajaran-pengajaran kitab klasik abad pertengahan. Di sisi lain, tidak sedikit pula orang mengenal pesantren dari aspek yang lebih luas, setelah membaca dan menyadari besarnya pengaruh pesantren dalam membentuk dan memelihara kehidupan sosial, kultural, politik dan keagamaan. Misalnya dalam rekaman sejarah yang diungkapkan oleh Dr. Soebardi dan Prof. Johns tentang fakta bahwa penyebaran Islam di tanah Jawa amat berkaitan dengan peranan strategis pesantren.
PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DALAM BERBAGAI SUDUT PANDANG
Authors: Setiawan Dede
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini mencoba menjawab integrasi ilmu keislaman dengan ilmu umum dalam progam studi Pendidikan Agama Islam. Persoalan integrasi ilmu, di lembaga pendidikan tinggi keagamaan Islam belum tuntas. Hasil dari penelitian adalah secara ontologi jelas asalnya, epistimologi kuat teorinya, dan aksiologi dapat diopersionalkan dalam proses kegiatan belajar mengajar d. Sehingga bangunan ilmu Prodi Pendidikan Agama Islam sudah kuat dan kokoh. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif; lebih fokus pada studi perpustakaan dan pengamatan serta pengalaman dalam mengelola Prodi Pendidikan Agama Islam.
PENERAPAN METODE MUMTAZAH AL UMM WAL AB DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB DI PESANTREN ASSHIDDIQIYAH JAKARTA
Authors: Rozinah Siti , Setiawan Dede , Hayaturrohman Hayaturrohman , Sauri Muktar
Published: May 2021

The aims of this research implementation the the mumtazah method of al umm wal ab  Arabic learning Pondok Pesantren Asshiddiqiyah Jakarta. The methode of research is qualitative research. The subject of research is the student of ulya madrasah diniyah takiyah ma 'hadul aytam Asshiddiqiyah. The result of this research is the application of the mumtazah method al umm wal ab madrasah diniyah takiyah ma 'hadul aytam asshiddiqiyah Uses 7 strategy, which area sentence, jumlah, Khabar, shilah, shifat, terms and answers. the problem with this method is every student has a different competition in the learning
RELAÇÃO JURÍDICA MÉDICO E PACIENTE: QUANDO O MÉDICO É RESPONSABILIZADO PELOS SEUS ERROS
Authors: Minuzzo Maiara , Antunes Paula Regina
Published: May 2021

O presente trabalho tem como premissa identificar as possíveis formas de responsabilização civil aplicáveis aos mais variados casos de erro médico, bem como os requisitos indispensáveis à caracterização do devido dever de indenizar pelo profissional da Medicina. Para tanto, utilizou-se do procedimento bibliográfico a fim de examinar os fundamentos teóricos definidos por doutrinas, artigos, jurisprudências e legislação. A pesquisa revelou que a responsabilidade civil do médico será subjetiva quando decorrente de obrigação de meio, tida como regra pela doutrina; e objetiva, quando derivada de obrigação de resultado. Demonstrou ainda que, ao restar comprovada a diligência, prudência e perícia empregada pelo profissional ao caso clínico do paciente, estar-se-á diante de um caso isento de responsabilidade civil; de vez que, quando agir com negligência, imprudência ou imperícia, restará configurado o chamado erro médico culpável, o que possibilitará a indenização decorrente do dano experimentado pela vítima.
A APLICAÇÃO DAS CONSTELAÇÕES FAMILIARES DE BERT HELLINGER COMO MÉTODO AUXILIAR A CONCILIAÇÃO
Authors: Diel Taís Ortolan
Published: May 2021

A presente pesquisa surgiu através da experiência desta pesquisadora como Conciliadora do Juizado Especial Criminal de Francisco Beltrão/PR, e também da realização de Constelações Familiares, sendo que, busca demonstrar, através deste trabalho, se esta prática é eficaz como método auxiliar à conciliação. Este recurso desafoga o Judiciário, bem como proporciona às partes uma solução mais rápida e branda ao seu litígio. Consoante a isto, as Constelações Familiares de Bert Hellinger estão sendo utilizadas pelos operadores do Direito e têm trazido números impressionantes aos acordos. Este método vai ao fundo do problema e o resolve, proporcionando equilíbrio e harmonia para as partes até então, em conflito. O método de abordagem utilizado no trabalho foi o qualitativo, com realização de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, assim como, experiências diretas na realização de Constelações Familiares.
O ESPAÇO DO FUTEBOL NAS AULAS DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA NO BRASIL: HISTÓRIA E POTENCIALIDADES PEDAGÓGICAS
Authors: Rottmann Hans Gert
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo resgata a história do futebol no mundo, relatando como foi sua chegada ao Brasil e posterior enraizamento nos ambientes escolares. As reflexões mostram como este esporte passou a ocupar lugar central nas aulas de educação física, conquistando a preferência dos alunos. As considerações finais indicam ser o futebol uma modalidade esportiva com potencial para o desenvolvimento de diferentes aprendizagens, desde que os professores não atuem somente no ensino de habilidades esportivas específicas, mas no planejamento e execução de aulas que favoreçam aos alunos a socialização e o desenvolvimento de valores morais que apontem para a conquista da autonomia e cidadania.
A DINÂMICA DA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR A PARTIR DA TEORIA DE KARL POLANYI
Authors: Besen Fabiola Graciele , Plein Clério
Published: May 2021

O artigo estuda a contribuição do pensamento de Karl Polanyi no debate sobre desenvolvimento rural e busca resgatar seus conceitos para entender a dinâmica da agricultura familiar no espaço rural. A mercantilização, classificada como a forma de integração predominante na economia, se faz presente em todas as instâncias da vida, mas outras formas de integração citadas por Polanyi, ainda permanecem no meio rural, e segundo Schneider e Escher (2011), essas outras formas de ordenamento e interação social e econômica poderiam representar a base a partir da qual se poderia constituir uma “outra” forma de desenvolvimento rural. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do artigo é entender, a partir da teoria de Karl Polanyi, processos e questões sobre o desenvolvimento rural e como as diferentes formas de integração da economia se organizam e se reproduzem no meio rural, sobretudo a agricultura familiar.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Castanha Andre Paulo
Published: May 2021

Breve apresentação dos artigos que compõem este número.
A IMPLANTAÇÃO DOS COLÉGIOS ESTADUAIS EM FRANCISCO BELTRÃO NO CONTEXTO DO REGIME MILITAR
Authors: Severgnini Alisson Fernando , Castanha André Paulo
Published: May 2021

Resumo: O objetivo central do presente texto foi/é identificar as instituições escolares criadas em Francisco Beltrão-PR no período do regime militar. Para tanto nos cercamos de fontes documentais e bibliográficas, procuramos articular a análise ao contexto da criação das instituições e ao desenvolvimento nacional e local no período, bem como aos aspectos legais da organização educacional. Conseguimos identificar todas as instituições escolares estaduais criadas em Francisco Beltrão durante o período do regime militar. No entanto, não foi/é nosso objeto, neste momento, desenvolver estudos detalhados sobre as trajetórias destas instituições, mas sim situá-las em seu tempo histórico, deixando essas histórias abertas para estudos futuros.
FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE, APP LEARNING E LETRAMENTO DIGITAL: um estudo da percepção dos professores sobre o aplicativo Padlet
Authors: Morais Costa Maurício José , Bottentuit Júnior João Batista
Published: May 2021

Investigação que objetiva relatar a experiência de formação docente com o uso do Padlet, destacando suas ferramentas, características e possibilidades de uso em práticas educacionais. Trata-se de um relato de experiência, com fins descritivos, realizada entre os dias 25 e 27 de julho de 2018, e contou ao todo com 9 (nove) professores, destes 3 (três) docentes do ensino de nível médio e 6 (seis) docentes do ensino superior. Pra tanto fez uso da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, grupo e fórum de discussão no próprio Padlet, cuja abordagem é puramente qualitativo, e para interpretação dos dados utilizou-se a Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin (2016). Discute o letramento digital e e como este tem sido essencial no processo de formação docente, e seus impactos nos contextos educativos. Relata a convergência do letramento digital na formação docente com o Padlet, pontuando as percepções dos docentes no processo. Reforça a necessidade de formação docente e letramento digital em eventos nacionais, proporcionando aos professores contato, experimentação e compreensão das novas ferramentas, visando posterior integração na escola.
LITHUANIAN EDUCATION SYSTEM IN RESPECT OF SENIOR CLASS STUDENTS
Authors: Lamanauskas Vincentas , Railienė Laima
Published: May 2021

The aim of research is to ascertain, how Lithuanian comprehensive school students value Lithuanian education system, what its advantages and disadvantages they discern and what recommendations they present for its improvement. The research data were expressed in writing. The received answers of the respondents were coded. The most frequently recurring notional units were grouped until initial groups were found, called sub-categories. In the second stage the sub-categories were combined into categories. The qualitative research data were processed using content analysis, when essential characteristics are distinguished in the information base. The obtained verbal data base, referring to conventional content analysis methods, was analysed in three stages: • Multiple answer reading; • The search of semantically related answers and “key” words; • The interpretations of notional units. To guarantee the reliability of data analysis, the distinction of notional units and subsequent grouping was carried out independently by two researchers. The results of quantitative analysis were analysed and announced earlier (Lamanauskas, Railiene, 2010b). In recent years secondary education stage students feel a considerable amount of stress because of constant changes taking place in educational process. The essential education system advantages in respect of students are these: good preparation of students, acquisition of knowledge, good theoretical preparation, also good preparation for further education; free general education; a possibility to choose subjects according to demands and a wide choice of them. The choice of students’ individual learning plan in the 11th- 12th forms is determined by: intention to study and to acquire a desirable profession, hobbies, having been acquired by students up to 11th form, the desire to know more. Also, the students choose the subjects which they are good at, and reject those which are difficult for them. Students pay rather big attention to teachers’ qualification, learning atmosphere and to material basis available in comprehensive school. The essential disadvantages in respect of students are these: too big learning load and pace at school, students are overloaded with work, expensive education in general, especially higher education, very high fee for studies, poor practical preparation, too much attention for conveyance of information; annual changes, there is no stability, nobody knows what novelties are expecting next year, never-ending reforms. They are especially worried about reconstructions in higher schools as well. In students’ opinion, more attention at school should be paid to the development of students’ creativity. Also, a very important thing is the implementation of the newest technologies into the education process. Key words: Lithuanian education system, quantitative analysis, secondary education stage, students` opinion.
WORKING ENVIRONMENT IN THE SCHOOL: PEDAGOGICAL AND ERGONOMICAL ASPECTS
Authors: Gedrovics Janis
Published: May 2021

Ergonomics as a science about a human or a group of humans in the process of work is gaining its importance in environments like schools. The reason for this is the importance of suitable working environment in ensuring any teacher as well as learners’ health, welfare and comfort, which guarantee good results in teaching/ learning process, as well as to train the future employee who share responsibility for his/ her working place and environment.
In this situation a teacher who has been well prepared and educated is of greatest help to learners. Apart from that the teacher’s own example is of greatest importance. For the young teacher to acquire the necessary theoretical knowledge and practical skills, Riga Teacher Training and Educational Management Academy (RTTEMA) has introduced a special course - Ergonomics and school hygiene- in all teacher training curricula, and course “Pedagogical Ergonomics” for Master study program “School management”.
The new courses are designed to introduce students of pedagogy with modern views on the designing and functioning of working environment in school, including the general issues of work safety and occupational health, with practical application of ergonomics in educational institutions in order to maintain health and working capabilities of both students and teachers as well as with the teacher’s duties and responsibilities in order to ensure work safety as a part of general safety in schools.
We have to bear in mind that, unlike in classical cases, educational institutions have a specific contingent: on the one hand there are employees (teachers, administration, technical personnel) and on the other hand – students. For each group there are different normative documents regulating their working life which provides for the special position of ergonomics in educational institution in the context of school hygiene and valeology (science of healthy lifestyle). Besides, the great age difference between teachers and learners, makes school community a unique group from the point of view of ergonomics frequently taking totally opposite approaches to various issues including views on work and working environment and having specific, often objectively well grounded, demands regarding this environment.
Among the factors most strongly affecting learners’ health we should mention unsuitable furniture and heavy school-bags, and some organisational problems. But every pupil, just as every teacher has the right to learn and work in ergonomically well organized environment. It requires that every teacher and every head of educa-tional institution, as well as their learners would have up-to-date ergonomic literacy of the modern working envi-ronment.
Key words: pedagogical ergonomics, working environment, school.
Politics of Religious Identity in General Elections Regional Head of Sigi District, Central Sulawesi Province
Authors: Darwis Darwis , Sasterio Sasterio
Published: May 2021

The aim of this research is to look at the politics of religious affiliation in Sigi Regency's direct regional head elections in 2010 and 2015. The majority of adherents of faith, namely the Muslim and Protestant Christian communities, are represented in the political reality of the community in Sigi Regency. In the elections for the Regent and Deputy Regent of Sigi Regency, the opportunity for population allocation based on the two faiths has become a political instrument to take power. During two cycles of direct regional head elections in Sigi Regency, the state of population characteristics of religious affiliation trends became electoral consumption by political elites. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method. According to research, religious affiliation is a fair concern in winning provincial head elections in 2010 and 2015, as well as a way of political balance representing the two religions' cultures.
Pain, anatomy and art
Authors: Valença Marcelo Moraes , Valença Carolina F. , Valença Martina F.
Published: May 2021

Editorial
Migraine and stress: an integrative review
Authors: Bezerra Francimar Nipo , Valença Marcelo Moraes
Published: May 2021

The World Health Organization recognizes the headache as a major cause of disability and primarily responsible for reduced quality of life, especially migraine, whose prevalence changes throughout life and generates economic repercussions. Objective: Identify the contribution of research on the relationship between migraine and stress. Methods: integrative literature review. Were used databases as LILACS, MEDLINE, and the Evidence Portal Cocrhane. The strategies used to survey the items were adapted for each database, being guided by the guiding question and inclusion criteries. The search strategies used were "headache for stress," "migraine with aura and migraine without aura", "migraine with aura and migraine without aura and physiological stressor psychological stress." The inclusion criteries for the selection of the sample were articles published in Portuguese and English, which reflect the theme studied, published and indexed in these databases. Results and Discussion: After analysis of the articles, eight were selected and identified two thematic categories about the relationship between migraine and stress: stress as a triggering factor of migraine and stress triggered by migraine. Conclusion: Independent of the relationship between migraine and stress, highlights the relevance of stress identification and use of coping to prevent illness or worsening of the individual's health status.
Plantas medicinais usadas para tratamento de cefaleia: inquérito de herbolários na Feira de Caruaru
Authors: Santos Karllus Andhre Leite de Mendonça , Barros Francijane de Almeida , Cavalcanti Adalgisa Maria de Oliveira , Silva Louana Cassiano da , Martins Hugo André de Lima , Valença Marcelo Moraes
Published: May 2021

Plantas são usadas para fins medicinais desde primórdios da humanidade. Durante muito tempo constituiu principal forma de abordagem terapêutica, ainda conservando significativa aplicação nos países em desenvolvimento, através do conhecimento popular. Há um aumento da demanda por produtos derivados de plantas em países desenvolvidos, na forma de suplementos ou extratos processados, para promoção de saúde e bem-estar geral. Ainda há limitação à prescrição de ervas para uso clínico por carência de evidências acerca de sua eficácia e efeitos colaterais possíveis, apesar do uso consolidado pela prática popular. Este trabalho objetiva registrar quais são as plantas comumente indicadas e como são utilizadas para o tratamento de cefaleia por herbolários na cidade de Caruaru.
Oxidation Resistance and Stress Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility of 308L and 309L Stainless Steel Cladding Layers in Simulated Pressurized Water Reactor Primary Water
Authors: Cui Tongming , Xiong Qi , Ma Jiarong , Zhang Kun , Lu Zhanpeng , Chen Junjie , Jia Yibo , Zheng Hui , Yang Shuangliang , Zhong Zhimin , Lozano-Perez Sergio , Shoji Tetsuo
Published: May 2021

Exposure and slow strain rate tensile tests were conducted in a simulated pressurized water reactor (PWR) primary water to investigate the oxidation resistance and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of 308L and 309L stainless steel (SS) cladding layers. A double-layer structure oxide layer grown on 308L SS and 309L SS contained the Cr-enriched nanocrystalline internal layer and the Fe-enriched spinel oxide in the external layer. Ni-enrichment at the matrix/oxide boundary was observed. The internal oxide film on 309L SS was thicker and had a lower Cr content than that on 308L SS. Preferential dissolution of inclusions led to pits on 308L SS and 309L SS surfaces during the exposure tests. More inclusions in 309L would decrease its SCC resistance due to the pits’ ability to act as the SCC initiation site. 308L SS had a lower susceptibility to SCC than 309L SS in PWR primary water. Lower ferrite content and higher strength/hardness reduced the oxidation and SCC resistance of 309L SS cladding. The effect of ferrite on oxidation and SCC of the SS claddings is discussed.
Alfred Wegeners theorie van continentendrift en haar rivalen
Authors: Weber Erik
Published: May 2021

Alfred Wegener’s Theory of Continental Drift and its Rivals. Rational Disagreement and Rational Consensus in the Earth Sciences

Alfred Wegener launched the idea of continental drift (lateral motion of continents on the earth) early in the 20th century. In the period 1915-1930 he did not succeed to convince his fellow earth scientist to leave behind their old permanentist or contractionist theories and adopt his new theory. In the second half of the 20th century – between 1960 and 1975 – continental drift quickly became the dominant theory in the earth sciences. In this paper I analyse both episode by means of methodological concepts developed by Larry Laudan. I argue that the disagreement in the early days as well as the quickly emerging consensus in the second period are rational.
Formas de mobilização subjetivas dos enfermeiros intensivistas italianos no contexto de enfrentamento da Covid-19
Authors: Brandão Julius Christie de Araújo , Marques Denilson Bezerra , Da Silva Rosane Maria Alencar
Published: May 2021

Objetivo – A partir da mobilização subjetiva buscou-se entender como enfermeiros italianos que trabalham com a Covid-19, buscaram transformar dificuldades e anomalias da organização do trabalho em prazer. Fonte dos dados – Retirado de matéria jornalística disponibilizada livremente na internet, traz cinco relatos de enfermeiros intensivistas que compõe o corpus da pesquisa. Metodologia – Modelada de forma que a unidade do discurso fosse uma unidade intencional do tema. Essa intenção refere-se à interação do deslocamento (freudiano) com a proposta dejouriana, tendo como parâmetro as categorias da mobilização subjetiva. Resultados – Os elementos da mobilização subjetiva encontrados foram: enfrentamento, inteligência prática e reconhecimento. Conclusão – Identificou-se um fenômeno de transversalidade inerente a estes elementos. Esta não é prevista em Dejours e nem em outros trabalhos similares.
МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ АНАЛІЗУ ОБ’ЄКТА І ПРЕДМЕТА ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ НАУКИ
Authors: Заглинський Анатолій , Заглинська Любов
Published: May 2021

Стаття присвячена аналізу різноманітних підходів до визначення предмета та об’єкта економічної науки. Виявлено основні тенденції звуженого та розширеного дослідження об’єкта економічної науки, його еволюцію від теорії до мистецтва. Виявлено вплив на формування предмета і об’єкта економічної науки господарства, науки, політики і психології. Досліджено, що дана проблема може бути вирішена на основі методу тотожності суб’єкта і об’єкта. За результатами проведеного дослідження визначено, що теоретична дискусія щодо методологічних аспектів аналізу об’єкта та предмета не завершена і значною мірою впливає на теоретичні та емпіричні висновки сучасної економічної теорії.
ІННОВАЦІЙНІ ФОРМИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ОСНОВНИМИ ЗАСОБАМИ
Authors: Корженівська Наталія , Сидорак Надія
Published: May 2021

Статтю присвячено дослідженню інноваційних підходів щодо забезпечення державного регулювання розвитку аграрного ресурсного потенціалу в частині забезпечення підприємств основними засобами. Визначено пріоритетність використання новітніх інформаційних технологій у підвищенні конкурентоспроможності підприємств. Аргументовано роль інноваційного провайдингу у зміцненні матеріально-технічного забезпечення підприємств, посилення розвитку наукомістких виробничо-економічних систем.
SUBJECTIVE WELL – BEING IN UKRAINIAN STUDENTS DURING THE COVID-2019 QUARANTINE
Authors: Orap Maryna , Kalba Yaroslava
Published: May 2021

The global pandemic COVID-19 and introduced quarantine affect not only the people’s health, but their psychological well-being in general. Decrease the subjective well-being at the beginning of quarantine was associated with limited communication, fear for health and limited mobility. In a year the situation has changed, there has been manifested the increasing levels of anxiety during quarantine due to awareness of the difficulties of quarantine life that associated with distance education and limited mobility, financial difficulties and uncertainty about the future. But we studied that during the first year of quarantine the level of subjective well-being has not changed significantly.
ЛІНГВОКРАЇНОЗНАВЧИЙ АСПЕКТ У ВИКЛАДАННІ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ ЯК ІНОЗЕМНОЇ ЯК ВАЖЛИВИЙ ЧИННИК ФОРМУВАННЯ МІЖКУЛЬТУРНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНЦІЇ СТУДЕНТІВ
Authors: Дрогомирецька Марта
Published: May 2021

У статті досліджено роль лінгвокраїнознавчого аспекту як важливого чинника формування міжкультурної компетенції студентів-іноземців, які навчаються у закладах вищої освіти України. Представлено аналіз доробку низки науковців, викладачів, методистів, які займалися вивченням лінгвокраїнознавчої проблематики у методиці викладання іноземних мов. Встановлено, що залучення студентів – майбутніх фахівців до глибшого вивчення і розуміння української мови і культури, тобто з використанням лінгвокраїнознавчої проблематики у процесі вивчення мови, сприяє вихованню толерантної особистості з високим рівнем міжкультурної компетенції.
RECOVERY OF DAMAGE CAUSED BY LATE PERFORMANCE OF OBLIGATIONS RESULTING FROM INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS
Authors: Băieșu Aurel
Published: May 2021

This article analyses the different approaches in comparative law, arbitral practice and in doctrine regarding the institution of interest on late performance (default interest) allocated to compensate for the damage arising from the late performance of contractual obligations, known by most legal systems and instruments of uniform law. Despite the trend of harmonization of regulations in this area, national legislations enshrine different solutions regarding some aspects of this institution. Consequently, the national and international tribunals give various decisions, depending on the legal regulations and the international commercial customs that they consider applicable in the case, the jurisprudence in this field being different.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ БОТУЛИНОТОКСИНА ТИПА А В КОРРЕКЦИИ ГИПЕРТРОФИИ ЖЕВАТЕЛЬНЫХ МЫШЦ
Authors: Жураева Камилла , Жураева Аделия
Published: May 2021

У жителей азиатских стран лицо часто имеет квадратную форму, но связано это не с истинной гипертрофией жевательной мышцы, а с особой формой лицевого скелета. Жевательная мышца лишь повторяет форму черепа. Инъекции ботулотоксина в жевательную мышцу вызывают ее искусственную гипотрофию [1,2], при этом в той или иной степени нарушается жевание, но ради изменения формы лица пациентки это игнорируют, и подобная процедура пользуется большой популярностью в азиатских странах. У представителей европеоидной расы гипертрофия жевательной мышцы обычно связана с ортодонтическими нарушениями или может быть следствием бруксизма. В этом случае БТА используется как элемент комплексной терапии. При отсутствии патологии введение небольших доз БТА способствует созданию более округлой формы лица [3]. Перед введение препарата ботулинического токсина типа А необходимо провести тщательный клинический осмотр, чтобы подтвердить, что квадратная форма лица является следствием гиперактивности жевательных мышц, а не обусловлена причинами немышечной природы, такими как костный выступ, при котором проводить ботулинотерапию бесполезно.
АЛМАТЫ ҚАЛАСЫ БОЙЫНША ИТТЕРДІҢ ПАРВОВИРУСТЫҚ ЭНТЕРИТІНІҢ ТАРАЛУЫ ЖӘНЕ ЕМДЕУ ШАРАЛАРЫН ЖЕТІЛДІРУ
Authors: Киркимбаева Жумагуль , Кузембекова Гулнур , Жолдасбекова Асель , Орналиева Ару
Published: May 2021

Алматы қаласы иттердің парвовирустық энтериті бойынша қолайсыз аймақ болып табылады. Ауруың таралуы иттердің жасына, жынысына, тұқымына және маусымға байланысты. Ауру қоздырушысына ең сезімтал – 6-16 апталық күшіктер, асыл тұқымды иттерден көбінесе - неміс овчаркасы, лабрадор, ортаазиялық овчарка, хаски және роттвейлер. "Энтерокол" пробиотикалық препаратын қоса отырып, парвовирустық энтеритпен ауыратын иттерді емдеу кезінде оң нәтижелер алынды, емдеу хаттамасын түзету емдеу мерзімін 4-6 күнге қысқартуға мүмкіндік берді. Емдеу тиімділігі 95%-ды құрады.
Phenotypic Detection of Methicillin and Inducible Clindamycin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus: An Effort to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance and Improve Patient Safety in Gombe, Nigeria
Authors: M Manga Mohammed , O Michael Gloria , A Julde Aishatu , Muhammad Gidado , M Hassan Umar , Ibrahim Mohammed , A Wulgo Mohammed , W Isaac Elon
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to patient safety. Methicillin and inducible clindamycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus are important multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs). Timely reporting of MDROs is necessary for rational antibiotic prescription and in combating AMR. We present the prevalence and distribution of Methicillin and inducible clindamycin resistant (iCR) isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from Gombe Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 260 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from clinical specimens in Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe (FTHG). Isolates identification was done using conventional biochemical methods. Methicillin resistance was detected by cefoxitin disc diffusion method while iCR isolates by erythromycin and clindamycin disc approximation test (D-test). Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23.0. Results: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was detected in 178 (68.5%) isolates while 214 (82.3%) were iCR (D-test positive). Among the MRSA, 87.1% were also iCR while 72.4% of the iCR isolates were MRSA. There was significant association between MRSA and iCR (p = 0.03), MRSA and clindamycin resistance (p = 0.05) and MRSA and erythromycin resistance (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Prevalence of MDR Staphylococcus aureus is high in Gombe Nigeria. Antimicrobial stewardship programme (ASP) and good Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) are necessary in combating AMR and improving patient safety.
Inter-annual, seasonal and diurnal features of the cloud liquid water path over the land surface and various water bodies in Northern Europe as obtained from the satellite observations by the SEVIRI instrument in 2011–2017
Authors: Kostsov Vladimir S. , Kniffka Anke , Ionov Dmitry V.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Liquid water path (LWP) is one of the most important cloud parameters. The knowledge on LWP is critical for many studies including global and regional climate modelling, weather forecasting, modelling of hydrological cycle and interactions between different components of the climate system: the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, and the land surface. Satellite observations by the SEVIRI and AVHRR instruments have already provided the evidences of the systematic difference between the LWP values derived over the land surface and over the Baltic Sea and major lakes in Northern Europe during both cold and warm seasons. The goal of the present study is to analyse the phenomenon of the LWP horizontal inhomogeneities in the vicinity of various water bodies in Northern Europe making focus on the temporal and spatial variation of LWP. The objects of investigation are water bodies and water areas located in Northern Europe which are different in size and other characteristics: Gulf of Finland, Gulf of Riga, the Neva River bay, lakes Ladoga, Onega, Peipus, Pihkva, Ilmen, and Saimaa. The input data are the LWP values of pure liquid-phase clouds derived from the space-borne observations by the SEVIRI instrument in 2011–2017 during daytime. The study revealed that in general the mean values of the land-sea LWP gradient are positive during all seasons (larger values over land, smaller values over water surface). However, the negative gradients were also detected over several relatively small water bodies during cold (winter) season. The important finding is the positive trend of the land-sea LWP gradient detected within the time period 2011–2017. The analysis of intra-seasonal features revealed special conditions on the territory of the Gulf of Finland where in June and July large and moderate positive LWP gradients prevail over negative ones while in August positive and negative gradients are much smaller (in terms of absolute values) and occur with equal frequency. This result can lead to the conclusion about possible common physical mechanisms that drive the land-sea LWP difference in the Baltic Sea region at small distances from the coastline. The diurnal cycle of the LWP land-sea gradient has been detected in June and July while there was no evidence for it in August. For several specific cases, atmospheric parameters over the mesoscale domain comprising Gulf of Finland and several lakes have been simulated with the numerical model ICON in limited area and weather prediction mode. These simulations have clearly demonstrated the LWP land-sea gradient and have pointed out less stability of the atmosphere over land surfaces.