bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Elastin‐Derived Composite Matrix for Enhanced Vascularized and Innervated Bone Tissue Reconstruction: From Material Development to Preclinical Evaluation
Authors: Mahmoudi Nadia , Roque Micaela , Paiva Dos Santos Bruno , Oliveira Hugo , Siadous Robin , Rey Sylvie , Garanger Elisabeth , Lecommandoux Sébastien , Catros Sylvain , Garbay Bertrand , Amédée Vilamitjana Joëlle
Published: April 2024

Despite progress in bone tissue engineering, reconstruction of large bone defects remains an important clinical challenge. Here, a biomaterial designed to recruit bone cells, endothelial cells, and neuronal fibers within the same matrix is developed, enabling bone tissue regeneration. The bioactive matrix is based on modified elastin‐like polypeptides (ELPs) grafted with laminin‐derived adhesion peptides IKVAV and YIGSR, and the SNA15 peptide for retention of hydroxyapatite (HA) particles. The composite matrix shows suitable porosity, interconnectivity, biocompatibility for endothelial cells, and the ability to support neurites outgrowth by sensory neurons. Subcutaneous implantation leads to the formation of osteoid tissue, characterized by the presence of bone cells, vascular networks, and neuronal structures, while minimizing inflammation. Using a rat femoral condyle defect model, longitudinal micro‐CT analysis is performed, which demonstrates a significant increase in the volume of mineralized tissue when using the ELP‐based matrix compared to empty defects and a commercially available control (Collapat). Furthermore, visible blood vessel networks and nerve fibers are observed within the lesions after a period of two weeks. By incorporating multiple key components that support cell growth, mineralization, and tissue integration, this ELP‐based composite matrix provides a holistic and versatile solution to enhance bone tissue regeneration.
Swarm Autonomy: From Agent Functionalization to Machine Intelligence
Authors: Wang Yibin , Chen Hui , Xie Leiming , Liu Jinbo , Zhang Li , Yu Jiangfan
Published: April 2024

Swarm behaviors are common in nature, where individual organisms collaborate via perception, communication, and adaptation. Emulating these dynamics, large groups of active agents can self‐organize through localized interactions, giving rise to complex swarm behaviors, which exhibit potential for applications across various domains. This review presents a comprehensive summary and perspective of synthetic swarms, to bridge the gap between the microscale individual agents and potential applications of synthetic swarms. It is begun by examining active agents, the fundamental units of synthetic swarms, to understand the origins of their motility and functionality in the presence of external stimuli. Then inter‐agent communications and agent‐environment communications that contribute to the swarm generation are summarized. Furthermore, the swarm behaviors reported to date and the emergence of machine intelligence within these behaviors are reviewed. Eventually, the applications enabled by distinct synthetic swarms are summarized. By discussing the emergent machine intelligence in swarm behaviors, insights are offered into the design and deployment of autonomous synthetic swarms for real‐world applications.
Dual‐Targeted Novel Temozolomide Nanocapsules Encapsulating siPKM2 Inhibit Aerobic Glycolysis to Sensitize Glioblastoma to Chemotherapy
Authors: Zhang Yongkang , Ma Hongwei , Li Linsen , Sun Chen , Yu Changshui , Wang Lansheng , Xu Duo , Song Xu , Yu Rutong
Published: April 2024

Chemotherapy of glioblastoma (GBM) has not yielded success due to inefficient blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetration and poor glioma tissue accumulation. Aerobic glycolysis, as the main mode of energy supply for GBM, safeguards the rapid growth of GBM while affecting the efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Therefore, to effectively inhibit aerobic glycolysis, increase drug delivery efficiency and sensitivity, a novel temozolomide (TMZ) nanocapsule (ApoE‐MT/siPKM2 NC) is successfully designed and prepared for the combined delivery of pyruvate kinase M2 siRNA (siPKM2) and TMZ. This drug delivery platform uses siPKM2 as the inner core and methacrylate‐TMZ (MT) as the shell component to achieve inhibition of glioma energy metabolism while enhancing the killing effect of TMZ. By modifying apolipoprotein E (ApoE), dual targeting of the BBB and GBM is achieved in a “two birds with one stone” style. The glutathione (GSH) responsive crosslinker containing disulfide bonds ensures “directional blasting” cleavage of the nanocapsules to release MT and siPKM2 in the high GSH environment of glioma cells. In addition, in vivo experiments verify that ApoE‐MT/siPKM2 NC has good targeting ability and prolongs the survival of tumor‐bearing nude mice. In summary, this drug delivery system provides a new strategy for metabolic therapy sensitization chemotherapy.
Chlorination Design for Highly Stable Electrolyte toward High Mass Loading and Long Cycle Life Sodium‐Based Dual‐Ion Battery
Authors: Lin Yuwei , Shang Jian , Liu Yuhua , Wang Zelin , Bai Zhengyang , Ou Xuewu , Tang Yongbing
Published: April 2024

Sodium‐based dual ion batteries (SDIBs) have garnered significant attention as novel energy storage devices offering the advantages of high‐voltage and low‐cost. Nonetheless, conventional electrolytes exhibit low resistance to oxidation and poor compatibility with electrode materials, resulting in rapid battery failure. In this study, for the first time, a chlorination design of electrolytes for SDIB, is proposed. Using ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) as a representative, chlorine (Cl)‐substituted EMC not only demonstrates increased oxidative stability ascribed to the electron‐withdrawing characteristics of chlorine atom, electrolyte compatibility with both the cathode and anode is also greatly improved by forming Cl‐containing interface layers. Consequently, a discharge capacity of 104.6 mAh g−1 within a voltage range of 3.0–5.0 V is achieved for Na||graphite SDIB that employs a high graphite cathode mass loading of 5.0 mg cm−2, along with almost no capacity decay after 900 cycles. Notably, the Na||graphite SDIB can be revived for an additional 900 cycles through the replacement of a fresh Na anode. As the mass loading of graphite cathode increased to 10 mg cm−2, Na||graphite SDIB is still capable of sustaining over 700 times with ≈100% capacity retention. These results mark the best outcome among reported SDIBs. This study corroborates the effectiveness of chlorination design in developing high‐voltage electrolytes and attaining enduring cycle stability of Na‐based energy storage devices.
Electrically Conductive Collagen‐PEDOT:PSS Hydrogel Prevents Post‐Infarct Cardiac Arrhythmia and Supports hiPSC‐Cardiomyocyte Function
Authors: Roshanbinfar Kaveh , Schiffer Miriam , Carls Esther , Angeloni Miriam , Koleśnik‐Gray Maria , Schruefer Stefan , Schubert Dirk W. , Ferrazzi Fulvia , Krstić Vojislav , Fleischmann Bernd K. , Roell Wilhelm , Engel Felix B.
Published: April 2024

Myocardial infarction (MI) causes cell death, disrupts electrical activity, triggers arrhythmia, and results in heart failure, whereby 50–60% of MI‐associated deaths manifest as sudden cardiac deaths (SCD). The most effective therapy for SCD prevention is implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). However, ICDs contribute to adverse remodeling and disease progression and do not prevent arrhythmia. This work develops an injectable collagen‐PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate) hydrogel that protects infarcted hearts against ventricular tachycardia (VT) and can be combined with human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)‐cardiomyocytes to promote partial cardiac remuscularization. PEDOT:PSS improves collagen gel formation, micromorphology, and conductivity. hiPSC‐cardiomyocytes in collagen‐PEDOT:PSS hydrogels exhibit near‐adult sarcomeric length, improved contractility, enhanced calcium handling, and conduction velocity. RNA‐sequencing data indicate enhanced maturation and improved cell‐matrix interactions. Injecting collagen‐PEDOT:PSS hydrogels in infarcted mouse hearts decreases VT to the levels of healthy hearts. Collectively, collagen‐PEDOT:PSS hydrogels offer a versatile platform for treating cardiac injuries.
Reverse Atom Capture on Perovskite Surface Enabling Robust and Efficient Cathode for Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells
Authors: Zhao Sunce , Ma Wenjia , Wang Weiwei , Huang Yonglong , Wang Ji , Wang Sijiao , Shu Zhu , He Beibei , Zhao Ling
Published: April 2024

Protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) hold potential for sustainable energy conversion, yet their widespread application is hindered by the sluggish kinetics and inferior stability of cathode materials. Here, a facile and efficient reverse atom capture technique is developed to manipulate the surface chemistry of PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co1.5Fe0.5O5+δ (PBSCF) cathode for PCFCs. This method successfully captures segregated Ba and Sr cations on the PBSCF surface using W species, creating a (Ba/Sr)(Co/Fe/W)O3−δ (BSCFW)@PBSCF heterostructure. Benefiting from enhanced kinetics of proton‐involved oxygen reduction reaction and strengthened chemical stability, the single cell using the optimized 2W‐PBSCF cathode demonstrates an exceptional peak power density of 1.32 W cm−2 at 650 °C and maintains durable performance for 240 h. Theoretical calculations unveil that the BSCFW perovskite delivers lower oxygen vacancy formation energy, hydration energy, and proton transfer energy compared to the PBSCF perovskite. This protocol offers new insights into advanced atom capture techniques for sustainable energy infrastructures.
Asymmetric Boracarboxylation of Styrenes Using Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Pettersen Martin , Dat Do Cuong , Gorantla Sai Manoj N. V. T. , Obst Marc F. , Damm Roman , Putra Anggi E. , Gevorgyan Ashot , Pavlovic Ljiljana , Hopmann Kathrin H. , Bayer Annette
Published: April 2024

The boracarboxylation reaction has potential for the production of natural products and drug candidates, but the development of an asymmetric version of this transformation is challenging. We report an enantioselective boracarboxylation of styrenes, enabled by a copper catalyst containing chiral phosphines. Our experimental conditions provide yields between 31–76% and enantiomeric ratios from 80:20 up to 98:2 for electron‐rich styrenes. Oxidation of a boracarboxylation product gives (S)‐tropic acid, an intermediate towards several tropane alkaloids. A computational analysis of the mechanistic details shows a complex pattern of competing reaction pathways, highlighting challenges encountered when developing asymmetric reactions using CO2.
One‐Pot Access to Sulfonyl 2,3‐Diarylnaphthalenes via tBuOK‐Mediated Benzannulation of o‐Bis‐sulfonylmethyl Arenes with Diarylacetylenes
Authors: Chang Meng‐Yang , Hsueh Nai‐Chen
Published: April 2024

One‐pot access to sulfonyl 2,3‐diarylnaphthalenes was developed via tBuOK‐mediated (4+2) benzannulation of o‐bis‐sulfonylmethyl arenes, employing diverse diarylacetylenes. A plausible mechanism is proposed and discussed. The advantages of the system include the use of inexpensive reagents, wide substrate scope, and mild reaction conditions. The synthetic route allows for the formation of two carbon–carbon double bonds (C=C).
Optimization and Artifacts of Photothermal Excitation of Microresonators
Authors: Ge Liping Kevin , Tuniz Alessandro , de Sterke C. Martijn , Zavislan James M. , Brown Thomas G. , Martin Sascha , Martinez‐Martin David
Published: April 2024

The excitation of microresonators using focused intensity modulated light, known as photothermal excitation, is gaining significant attention due to its capacity to accurately excite microresonators without distortions, even in liquid environments, which is driving key advancements in atomic force microscopy and related technologies. Despite progress in the development of coatings, the conversion of light into mechanical movement remains largely inefficient, limiting resonator movements to tens of nanometers even when milliwatts of optical power are used. Moreover, how photothermal efficiency depends on the relative position of a microresonator along the propagation axis of the photothermal beam remains poorly studied, hampering the understanding of the conversion of light into mechanical motion. Here, photothermal measurements are performed in air and water using cantilever microresonators and a custom‐built picobalance, to determine how photothermal efficiency changes along the propagation beam axis. It is identified that far out‐of‐band laser emission can lead to visual misidentification of the beam waist, resulting in a drop of photothermal efficiency of up to one order of magnitude. The measurements also unveil that the beam waist is not always the position of highest photothermal efficiency, and can reduce the efficiency up to 20% for silicon cantilevers with trapezoidal cross section.
Intrinsically Stretchable Polymer Semiconductor with Regional Conjugation for Stretchable Electronics
Authors: Wang Sichun , Wang Liangjie , Ren Shiwei , Li Wenhao , Wang Zhihui , Yi Zhengran , Liu Yunqi
Published: April 2024

The development of intrinsically stretchable polymer semiconductor holds substantial promise in the field of wearable electronics. However, charge transport mobility is typically compromised in existing stretchable semiconductors to achieve the desired stretchability. Herein, a novel “regional conjugation” strategy is proposed to design an intrinsically stretchable polymer semiconductor oligo‐diketopyrrolopyrrole‐thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene (DPPTT)–urethane, in which oligo‐DPPTT conjugated units and alkyl urethane nonconjugated units are introduced. The regional conjugation of oligo‐DPPTT in the polymer backbone endows DPPTT–urethane with good molecular packing, leading to a high mobility of up to 1.7 cm2 V−1 s−1. Additionally, incorporating alkyl urethane nonconjugated units in the backbone can reduce film crystallinity and chain aggregation, which contribute to the stretchability of the polymer thin film. Consequently, fully stretchable transistors retain carrier mobility even at 100% biaxial tensile strain. Furthermore, the fully stretchable organic field‐effect transistor arrays show remarkable charge transport reversibility and durability after 1000 stretch–release cycles at 25% strain. Additionally, the device exhibits extraordinary electrical stability in air atmosphere. Overall, these results indicate that the “regional conjugation” strategy provides an effective and promising methodology to design intrinsically stretchable and high‐performance polymer semiconductor that can advance the development of soft and wearable electronics.
African domestic supply booms in value chains of fruits, vegetables, and animal products fueled by spontaneous clusters of SMEs
Authors: Reardon Thomas , Liverpool‐Tasie Lenis Saweda O. , Belton Ben , Dolislager Michael , Minten Bart , Popkin Barry , Vos Rob
Published: April 2024

There is an international consensus that Africans consume less fruits and vegetables (FV), and animal products (AP) than they need for adequate nutrition, and that production and supply chains of these products are constrained. Yet, in this paper, we show that despite these problems, there is a lot of dynamism in demand and supply of these nutrient‐dense products in Africa: (1) macro evidence of “domestic supply booms"—with supply growing as fast as or faster than in Asia and Latin America; (2) only 2–4% of FV, and 10% of AP consumption in Africa is imported, and only about 1–2% of the output of FV and AP is exported: the supply booms have thus been overwhelming domestically sourced, not imported; (3) micro evidence of substantial shares of consumption of FV and AP in total food consumption, similar to Asia's; (4) evidence of rapid development of spontaneous clusters of farms and off‐farm SMEs (output wholesalers, logistics, processors, and agro‐dealers supporting farmers). These clusters are important in fueling the supply booms. Illustrative cases from Ethiopia, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Zambia are presented. We recommend that African governments and international partners: (1) internalize the fact that these spontaneous clusters are forming and already fueling supply booms; (2) note that important drivers of the booms have been government investments in wholesale markets, roads, and other infrastructure like electrification, and agricultural research/extension; (3) leverage and support existing spontaneous clusters and help new ones to form by greatly increasing those three types of public investments.
Quinoa growth and yield performance under salinity stress in arid West Texas
Authors: Chaganti Vijayasatya N. , Ganjegunte Girisha K.
Published: April 2024

Crops such as quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) that are both salinity and drought‐tolerant and with high seed value are needed to sustain agriculture in arid Far West Texas facing dual threat of freshwater scarcity and soil salinization. However, quinoa's growth and yield performance under arid conditions of Far West Texas has not been studied previously. This study evaluated growth and yield of a salt‐tolerant quinoa genotype under greenhouse conditions using a completely randomized experimental design with irrigation water salinity as the main factor having five different levels (freshwater, 5, 10, 15, and 20 dS m−1). Plant parameters (plant height, leaf SPAD, leaf tissue carbon, and nitrogen concentrations) and seed yield were measured for two growing seasons. Soil quality (salinity and sodicity) changes were also determined for the same time. Seed yields ranged between 747 and 6065 kg ha−1 across 2 years, indicating significant effects of water salinity. However, these yields were comparable to those reported in the literature. Increasing water salinity significantly affected all growth parameters with leaf C and N decreasing by an average of 20%, whereas reductions in plant height reached a high of 60% at 20 dS m−1. Similar reductions in leaf chlorophyll content were found with increasing water salinity. Soil salinity and sodicity significantly increased over time with irrigation water salinity. Importantly, we observed that quinoa has a much higher soil salinity threshold (∼12 dS m−1) above which yields declined rapidly. Higher salt tolerance threshold of quinoa makes it an alternative economically viable crop for the Trans‐Pecos Texas region.
Synergistic Effect of Ni/Ni(OH)2 Core‐Shell Catalyst Boosts Tandem Nitrate Reduction for Ampere‐Level Ammonia Production
Authors: Shi Xinyue , Xie Minghui , Yang Kaiwen , Niu Yutao , Ma Haibin , Zhu Yiming , Li Jiayi , Pan Tingting , Zhou Xiaoyan , Cui Yujie , Li Zhao , Yu Yifu , Yu Xiaohua , Ma Jiwei , Cheng Hongfei
Published: April 2024

Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate to ammonia provides a green alternate to the Haber–Bosch method, yet it suffers from sluggish kinetics and a low yield rate. The nitrate reduction follows a tandem reaction of nitrate reduction to nitrite and subsequent nitrite hydrogenation to generate ammonia, and the ammonia Faraday efficiency (FE) is limited by the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction. Herein, we design a heterostructure catalyst to remedy the above issues, which consists of Ni nanosphere core and Ni(OH)2 nanosheet shell (Ni/Ni(OH)2). In situ Raman spectroscopy reveals Ni and Ni(OH)2 are interconvertible according to the applied potential, facilitating the cascade nitrate reduction synergistically. Consequently, it attains superior electrocatalytic nitrate reduction performance with an ammonia FE of 98.50 % and a current density of 0.934 A cm−2 at −0.476 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, and exhibits an average ammonia yield rate of 84.74 mg h−1 cm−2 during the 102‐hour stability test, which is highly superior to the reported catalysts tested under similar conditions. Density functional theory calculations corroborate the synergistic effect of Ni and Ni(OH)2 in the tandem reaction of nitrate reduction. Moreover, the Ni/Ni(OH)2 catalyst also possesses good capability for methanol oxidation and thus is used to establish a system coupling with nitrate reduction.
Flexible Dual‐Channel Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor for Simultaneously Monitoring Sweat Cortisol and Lactate Levels
Authors: Pei Siying , Ji Wenhui , Yang Ya , Liu Tianwei , Yang Shuo , Wu Jiayi , Dai Jiangxuan , Hou Xiyan , Wu Qiong , Li Lin
Published: April 2024

While exercise offers significant potential to enhance overall well‐being, unscientific exercise practices often cause exercise fatigue, posing a threat to human health. Flexible sweat sensors have garnered considerable attention owing to their ability to continuously, non‐invasively, and dynamically monitor human health during exercise at the molecular level. Therefore, in this study, we constructed a flexible molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sensor for the real‐time monitoring of cortisol and lactate levels in sweat using cortisol or lactate as template molecules and pyrrole (Py) as functional monomer. Prussian blue (PB) was embedded into the MIP as a built‐in redox probe, eliminating the need for an additional probe and facilitating the simultaneous quantification of cortisol and lactate concentrations. Moreover, the MIP‐doped platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) ehanced the electron transfer capability, further improving the sensitivity of the sensors. The fabricated flexibile cortisol and lactate MIP sensors demonstrated low limits of detection (LOD; 1.07 nM and 1.09 mM, respectively), high sensitivity (0.09 μA lg[nM]−1 and 1.28 μA lg[nM]−1), and exceptional stability and selectivity. The flexible MIP sensors could continuously and dynamically monitor changes in sweat cortisol and lactate concentrations, thus contributing to the advancement of next‐generation flexible sweat electrochemical sensors and providing a crucial tool for monitoring exercise fatigue.
N,S‐rGO/CuFe2O4 nanocomposite as an efficient photocatalyst for reducing nitroaromatic compounds to their corresponding aminoaromatics using radiation of visible light
Authors: Moghanlou Ali Oji , Novin Ghazal Alaei , Nanekaran Farshid Salimi
Published: April 2024

This study reports on developing a novel photocatalyst, N,S‐rGO/CuFe2O4, which can efficiently reduce nitroaromatic compounds to corresponding aminoaromatics under visible radiation. The synthesis of this photocatalyst involved simultaneous doping of nitrogen and sulfur elements into the carbon substrate of graphene oxide, its reduction, and coupling of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles in graphene oxide layers via a hydrothermal method. Various techniques such as XRD, XPS, FTIR, Raman, FESEM, TEM, EDAX, map scanning, PL, EIS, BET, and DRS were used to characterize and identify the synthesized product. Hydrazine monohydrate was employed as a hydrogen source for the reaction under investigation. These investigations proved the prosperous doping of nitrogen and sulfur elements into the graphene oxide structure, successful coupling of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles in graphene oxide sheets, and partial reduction of graphene oxide. In addition, we evaluated the recyclability and reusability of the photocatalyst for the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds over seven cycles and found no appreciable changes in reaction conversion.
Enhancement of epoxy‐cyanate ester blends through staged curing‐induced nanophase separation strategy
Authors: Xie Hui , Zhao Changbo , Pan Yi , Zhu Caizhen , Ding Xiaobin , Xu Jian
Published: April 2024

Epoxy‐cyanate ester blends have attracted significant attention due to their unique synergistic properties and versatility in high‐performance applications. However, achieving precise control over the phase‐separated structures in these blends remains a challenge. In this work, we present a strategy for the preparation of epoxy‐cyanate ester blends with high‐performance through staged curing‐induced phase separation. By incorporating a thermally latent catalyst, 4‐ethyl‐2‐methylimidazole tetraphenylborate, into the epoxy‐anhydride‐cyanate system, the reactivity differences of multiple curing reactions within the blend were precisely controlled, thereby inducing the formation of well‐defined nanophase‐separated structures. The polymer systems prepared exhibit high mechanical properties and heat resistance, primarily due to the interpenetrating networks created by the epoxy‐anhydride‐cyanate ester and the formation of nanodomains induced by the staged curing process. Furthermore, epoxy‐cyanate ester blends demonstrate outstanding hygrothermal resistance due to the low polarity of the crosslinked network structure. This work provides new insights into regulating the microstructure of the thermosetting blends and expands the potential applications of these materials in fields requiring long‐term durability and reliability.
A roadmap of phylogenomic methods for studying polyploid plant genera
Authors: Ning Weixuan , Meudt Heidi M. , Tate Jennifer A.
Published: April 2024

Phylogenetic inference of polyploid species is the first step towards understanding their patterns of diversification. In this paper, we review the challenges and limitations of inferring species relationships of polyploid plants using traditional phylogenetic sequencing approaches, as well as the mischaracterization of the species tree from single or multiple gene trees. We provide a roadmap to infer interspecific relationships among polyploid lineages by comparing and evaluating the application of current phylogenetic, phylogenomic, transcriptomic, and whole‐genome approaches using different sequencing platforms. For polyploid species tree reconstruction, we assess the following criteria: (1) the amount of prior information or tools required to capture the genetic region(s) of interest; (2) the probability of recovering homeologs for polyploid species; and (3) the time efficiency of downstream data analysis. Moreover, we discuss bioinformatic pipelines that can reconstruct networks of polyploid species relationships. In summary, although current phylogenomic approaches have improved our understanding of reticulate species relationships in polyploid‐rich genera, the difficulties of recovering reliable orthologous genes and sorting all homeologous copies for allopolyploids remain a challenge. In the future, assembled long‐read sequencing data will assist the recovery and identification of multiple gene copies, which can be particularly useful for reconstructing the multiple independent origins of polyploids.
A Long‐Retention Cell Membrane‐Targeting AIEgen for Boosting Tumor Theranostics
Authors: Wang Xing , Yang Li , Li Yuanhang , Wang Xiaohan , Qi Zhengjian
Published: April 2024

Designing and developing photosensitizers with cell membrane specificity is crucial for achieving effective multimodal therapy of tumors compared to other organelles. Here, we designed and screened a photosensitizer CM34 through donor/receptor regulation strategies, and it is able to achieve long‐retention cell membrane targeting. It is not only an extremely excellent cell membrane targeted tumor theranostic agent, but also found to be a promising potential immune activator. Specifically, CM34 with a larger intramolecular twist angle is more likely to form larger aggregates in aqueous solutions, and the introduction of cyanide group also enhances its interaction with cell membranes, which were key factors hindering molecular penetration of the cell membrane and prolonging its residence time on the cell membrane, providing conditions for further membrane targeted photodynamic therapy. Furthermore, the efflux of contents caused by cell necrosis directly activates the immune response. In summary, this study realizes to clarify and refine all potential mechanisms of action through density functional theory calculations, photophysical property measurements, and cellular level mechanism exploration, providing a new direction for the clinical development of cell membrane targeted anti‐tumor immune activators.
PD‐1 inhibition with retifanlimab and/or arginase inhibition with INCB001158 in Japanese patients with solid tumors: A phase I study
Authors: Kuboki Yasutoshi , Koyama Takafumi , Matsubara Nobuaki , Naito Yoichi , Kondo Shunsuke , Harano Kenichi , Yonemori Kan , Yoh Kiyotaka , Gu Yuan , Mita Tetsuya , Chen Xuejun , Ueda Eiji , Yamamoto Noboru , Doi Toshihiko , Shimizu Toshio
Published: April 2024

Background

Retifanlimab is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting programmed death protein‐1, and INCB001158 is an oral arginase inhibitor. This phase Ib study investigated retifanlimab, INCB001158, and their combination in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors.

Methods

Patients received retifanlimab (500 mg every 4 weeks [Q4W] i.v.) or escalating doses of INCB001158 (75 or 100 mg twice daily [BID]) monotherapy in Part 1 and combination of retifanlimab (500 mg Q4W) and INCB001158 (100 mg BID) in Part 2. Primary endpoints were safety, tolerability, dose‐limiting toxicities (DLTs), and determination of recommended phase II doses in Japanese patients.

Results

Eighteen patients (retifanlimab or INCB001158 monotherapy and combination; n = 6 each) were enrolled at 2 sites in Japan. There were no DLTs, fatal adverse events (AEs), or discontinuations due to AEs. Rash (all grade 1) was the most common treatment‐emergent AE with retifanlimab (n = 6). Treatment‐related AEs were reported with retifanlimab (n = 4) or INCB001158 (n = 2) monotherapy and with combination (n = 4); an immune‐related AE (thyroid disorder, grade 2) was reported with combination. Two responses were observed with retifanlimab monotherapy (1 complete, 1 partial) and 1 stable disease (SD), for an overall response rate of 33.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.3–77.7) and disease control rate (DCR) of 50% (95% CI, 11.8–88.2). Three patients had SD with INCB001158 monotherapy (DCR 50%; 95% CI, 11.8–88.2). No responses or SD were observed with combination therapy.

Conclusion

Retifanlimab, INCB001158, and their combination had acceptable safety profiles. Promising retifanlimab antitumor activity warrants further investigation in Japanese patients.
Qualitative accounts from deliberate practice training for empathic communication among psychotherapy trainees
Authors: Nurse Karina , O'Shea Melissa , Sheen Jade
Published: April 2024

Background

Empathic communication is a key therapeutic skill in psychotherapy. However, questions regarding the most effective and suitable teaching methods to support development in this area remain. Preliminary evidence has supported deliberate practice (DP) as an emerging approach for enhancing therapeutic skills, such as empathic communication; however, little is understood about its acceptability from a trainee perspective.

Aims

Eleven fourth‐year psychology undergraduate students were interviewed about their experience of receiving online group‐based DP training for empathic communication.

Materials & Methods

Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse interview transcripts.

Results

Participants described observing improvements in their use of empathic communication, including attitudinal and behavioural changes and shifts in self‐awareness. Participants also described valuing self‐observation and the personalised, iterative nature of the DP model in supporting their learning. Nevertheless, DP was also experienced as challenging by some trainees, who reflected that it provoked initial feelings of uncertainty and anxiety.

Discussion

This study highlights that undergraduate students may benefit from group DP training that fosters psychological safety and seeks to mitigate potential challenges, can be customised to their individual skill level and is incorporated alongside other learning approaches.

Conclusion

Future research is encouraged to build on these findings by examining the impact of DP on objective measures of empathic communication.
Understanding how doctoral researchers perceive research supervision to impact their mental health and well‐being
Authors: Hazell Cassie M. , Berry Clio , Haywood Daisy , Birkett Jo , Mackenzie Jay‐Marie , Niven Jeremy
Published: April 2024

Background

A number of risk and protective factors have been identified in association with the mental health of doctoral researchers (DRs). One consistent factor noted in the limited available literature is the role of the supervisor. This literature is largely quantitative though, meaning less is known about how DRs experience supervision and its impact on their mental health.

Aim

The aim of this study was to explore how DRs experience research supervision and its impact on their mental health and wellbeing using qualitative methods at scale.

Materials and Methods

We analysed the free‐text responses of 1783 UK‐based DRs collected as part of the nationwide U‐DOC survey.

Results

Using reflexive thematic analysis, we found two superordinate themes capturing how DRs perceive research supervision and its impact on their mental health: (1) supervision as a conduit and (2) supervision as a mirror.

Discussion

Broadly, these themes encapsulate how supervisors can directly trigger, exacerbate or protect against mental health problems in DRs, as well as supervision providing an opportunity for DRs to learn more about themselves and their mental health.

Conclusion

Our findings support the need for compulsory supervisor training on positive supervisory practices as well as understanding and responding compassionately to DRs with mental health difficulties.
Rhinovirus infection presenting with symptomatic hyponatremia—Atypical presentation of a common infection
Authors: Obaid Koutaibah , Basrak Mohamad Talal , Sawaf Bisher , Habib Hiba , Alkhatib Mohammed , Ashour Anas A. , Habib Mhd Baraa
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

Rhinovirus infection has the potential to exhibit unconventional symptoms like symptomatic hyponatremia. Health care professionals should remain vigilant about this potential complication, especially in cases with uncommon presentations. Timely identification and effective management of hyponatremia can mitigate potential complications and enhance patient prognosis.

The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is a prominent contributor to low sodium levels. Various factors can contribute to hyponatremia, affecting the diagnosis and treatment of the condition. Of note, some infections have been identified as potential causes of SIADH. Although rhinovirus infection has been linked to SIADH, it is usually associated with severe respiratory infections. Herein, we present a distinctive case where rhinovirus caused significant hyponatremia symptoms, even in the absence of typical respiratory symptoms or fever.
The manipulation of rectifying contact of Co and nitrogen‐doped carbon hierarchical superstructures toward high‐performance oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Li Jing , Lu Tingyu , Fang Yu , Zhou Guangyao , Zhang Mingyi , Pang Huan , Yang Jun , Tang Yawen , Xu Lin
Published: April 2024

Rational design and construction of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts with high activity, good stability, and low price are essential for the practical applications of renewable energy conversion devices, such as metal‐air batteries. Electronic modification through constructing metal/semiconductor Schottky heterointerface represents a powerful strategy to enhance the electrochemical performance. Herein, we demonstrate a concept of Schottky electrocatalyst composed of uniform Co nanoparticles in situ anchored on the carbon nanotubes aligned on the carbon nanosheets (denoted as Co@N‐CNTs/NSs hereafter) toward ORR. Both experimental findings and theoretical simulation testify that the rectifying contact could impel the voluntary electron flow from Co to N‐CNTs/NSs and create an internal electric field, thereby boosting the electron transfer rate and improving the intrinsic activity. As a consequence, the Co@N‐CNTs/NSs deliver outstanding ORR activity, impressive long‐term durability, excellent methanol tolerance, and good performance as the air‐cathode in the Zn‐air batteries. The design concept of Schottky contact may provide the innovational inspirations for the synthesis of advanced catalysts in sustainable energy conversion fields.
A computational study on transition mechanism of dripping to jetting flow in a flow‐focusing geometry
Authors: Biswas Saikat , Jha Mahima , Kayal Sibnath , Pattader Partho S. G. , Mandal Tapas K.
Published: April 2024

2D simulations have been performed to investigate flow regimes in a flow‐focusing geometry by changing the dispersed phase and continuous phase velocities. The dispersed phase is polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and the continuous phase is water. Simulations have been performed in a range of oil–water viscosity ratio from 3 to 50, and interfacial tension ranges from 0.0118 to 0.002 N/m. The walls of the microchannel are considered to be poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) surfaces. The contact angle (θ) of an oil droplet in the presence of water wetting the PMMA surface is 140°. Our study observed two types of flow regimes, namely dripping and jetting, by changing the dispersed phase and continuous phase velocities. The sequential time steps of void fraction contour have been presented to explore the droplet formation mechanism. The droplet pinch‐off time and jet growth time have been calculated for the dripping and jetting regime, respectively. The outcomes are summarized in the form of a flow pattern map at a viscosity ratio of 12 and interfacial tension of 0.0118 N/m, which shows the transition boundary between dripping and jetting phenomena. The simulated transition boundary agrees well with the analytical solution available in the literature. The effect of oil–water viscosity ratio and interfacial tension on droplet size is also investigated. These findings will help understand different flow regimes and their transition in a flow focusing geometry and will directly apply to microfluidic platform‐based devices.
Pore size regulation of ZIFs for adsorptive separation of branched chain and aromatic amino acids
Authors: Jiang Wen , Miao Shifeng , Yang Yujie , Long Yu
Published: April 2024

This research endeavour aims to investigate the adsorptive separation of the branched chain (BCAA) and aromatic amino acids (AAA). Based on the different molecular sizes of BCAA and AAA, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) with different pore structures were prepared by regulating the size of imidazole ligands. The structure and pore shape were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and BET surface area (BET). The results indicated the successful synthesis of ZIF‐[Co(mIm)2], ZIF‐[Co(eIm)2], and ZIF‐[Co(pIm)2] with pore size distribution of 7.821, 6.943, and 9.394 Å, and particle size of these ZIFs was approximately 4 μm. ZIF‐[Co(eIm)2] was chosen as the optimal ZIFs for the separation of BCAA and AAA. The adsorption experiment was evaluated in the respective single and binary systems. The corresponding data in a single system demonstrated that ZIF‐[Co(eIm)2] showed good adsorption performance for BCAA and poor for AAA. Furthermore, the adsorption behaviour under experimental conditions conformed well to the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm. ZIF‐[Co(eIm)2] had great separation ability for BCAA/AAA in their binary system. Finally, regeneration studies further manifested that ZIF‐[Co(eIm)2] exhibited fine reusability performance with adsorption efficiencies still higher than 70% after five cycles. This study exhibits a novel path for the design of adsorbents for efficient separation of BCAA/AAA.
Top advances of the year: Cervical cancer
Authors: Duska Linda R. , Podwika Sarah E. , Randall Leslie M.
Published: April 2024

The year 2023 was an extraordinary year for the further development and expansion of novel treatments for all patients with cervical cancer, ranging from early stage to later stage and metastatic or recurrent disease. Individuals with early‐stage disease will benefit from less invasive surgery with subsequent improvement in quality of life. The effectiveness of immunotherapy has been demonstrated in upfront, locally advanced cervical cancer and confirmed in advanced metastatic disease. Induction chemotherapy will play a role in some patients with locally advanced disease, particularly those in low resource areas of the world. Novel therapeutics including antibody–drug conjugates have shown efficacy even in pretreated patients. As we continue to explore innovative therapeutics in this space, however, we must also continue to improve the diversity of clinical trial accrual to allow for generalizable results. At the same time, we must focus on eradicating this disease with appropriate screening and vaccination.
Investigating the Potential Use of Ni‐Mn‐Co (NMC) Battery Materials as Electrocatalysts for Electrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Kaur Arshdeep , Alarco Jose , Mullane Anthony P. O'
Published: April 2024

The imminent generation of significant amounts of Li ion battery waste is of concern due to potential detrimental environmental impacts. However, this also poses an opportunity to recycle valuable battery materials for later use. One underexplored area is using commonly employed cathode materials such as nickel, manganese cobalt (NMC) oxide as an electrocatalyst for water splitting reactions. In this work we explore the possibility of using NMC materials of different metallic ratios (NMC 622 and 811) as oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution catalysts under alkaline conditions. We show that both materials are excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts but perform poorly for the hydrogen evolution reaction. NMC 622 demonstrates the better OER activity with an overpotential of only 280 mV to pass 100 mA cm−2 and a low tafel slope of 42 mV dec−1. The material can also pass high current densities of 150 mA cm−2 for 24 h while also being tolerant to extensive potential cycling indicating suitability for direct integration with renewable energy inputs. This work demonstrates that NMC cathode materials if recovered from Li ion batteries are suitable OER electrocatalysts.
Voltage‐Gated Ion Channels: Structure, Pharmacology and Photopharmacology
Authors: Palmisano Vito F. , Anguita‐Ortiz Nuria , Faraji Shirin , Nogueira Juan J.
Published: April 2024

Voltage‐gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins responsible for the generation and propagation of action potentials in excitable cells. Over the last decade, advancements have enabled the elucidation of crystal structures of ion channels. This progress in structural understanding, particularly in identifying the binding sites of local anesthetics, opens avenues for the design of novel compounds capable of modulating ion conduction. However, many traditional drugs lack selectivity and come with adverse side effects. The emergence of photopharmacology has provided an orthogonal way of controlling the activity of compounds, enabling the regulation of ion conduction with light. In this review, we explore the central pore region of voltage‐gated sodium and potassium channels, providing insights from both structural and pharmacological perspectives. We discuss the different binding modes of synthetic compounds that can physically occlude the pore and, therefore, block ion conduction. Moreover, we examine recent advances in the photopharmacology of voltage‐gated ion channels, introducing molecular approaches aimed at controlling their activity by using photosensitive drugs.
Context‐related mechanisms of policy sustainability: Governance reform of the protected areas in Lombardy
Authors: Melloni Erica , Cuomo Federico , Vecchi Giancarlo
Published: April 2024

The management of protected areas has been recognised as a particularly complex policy field, with many interacting actors and frequent conflicts. How policies survive potential or actual conflict is a matter of policy sustainability; policy manipulation can modify the roles and perceptions of policy actors to achieve outcomes closer to the desired ones—at least, desired by the enacting coalitions. The article investigates the governance reform of protected areas in Lombardy, Italy, focusing on the dynamics of policy sustainability amidst conflict and opposition. It examines how the Lombardy Region's 2016 reform aimed to consolidate the management of protected areas under the umbrella of regional park authorities. Despite the reform's ultimate goals appeared unquestioned, it encountered significant resistance from local administrations. The analysis focused on the context features (pre‐existence of local cooperation agreements, and salience of the protected area), and mechanisms (reputation, and loss aversion) in place at local level. Their combination appears able to explain the varied outcomes of the reform, ranging from failure to partial success.
Haemodynamic implications of VA‐ECMO vs. VA‐ECMO plus Impella CP for cardiogenic shock in a large animal model
Authors: Frederiksen Peter H. , Linde Louise , Gregers Emilie , Udesen Nanna L.J. , Helgestad Ole K. , Banke Ann , Dahl Jordi S. , Jensen Lisette O. , Lassen Jens F. , Povlsen Amalie L. , Larsen Jeppe P. , Schmidt Henrik , Ravn Hanne B. , Møller Jacob E.
Published: April 2024

Aims

Veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO) with profound left ventricular (LV) failure is associated with inadequate LV emptying. To unload the LV, VA‐ECMO can be combined with Impella CP (ECMELLA). We hypothesized that ECMELLA improves cardiac energetics compared with VA‐ECMO in a porcine model of cardiogenic shock (CS).

Methods and results

Land‐race pigs (weight 70 kg) were instrumented, including a LV conductance catheter and a carotid artery Doppler flow probe. CS was induced with embolization in the left main coronary artery. CS was defined as reduction of ≥50% in cardiac output or mixed oxygen saturation (SvO2) or a SvO2 < 30%. At CS VA‐ECMO was initiated and embolization was continued until arterial pulse pressure was <10 mmHg. At this point, Impella CP was placed in the ECMELLA arm. Support was maintained for 4 h. CS was induced in 15 pigs (VA‐ECMO n = 7, ECMELLA n = 8). At time of CS MAP was <45 mmHg in both groups, with no difference at 4 h (VA‐ECMO 64 mmHg ± 11 vs. ECMELLA 55 mmHg ± 21, P = 0.08). Carotid blood flow and arterial lactate increased from CS and was similar in VA‐ECMO and ECMELLA [239 mL/min ± 97 vs. 213 mL/min ± 133 (P = 0.6) and 5.2 ± 3.3 vs. 4.2 ± 2.9 mmol/ (P = 0.5)]. Pressure‐volume area (PVA) was significantly higher with VA‐ECMO compared with ECMELLA (9567 ± 1733 vs. 6921 ± 5036 mmHg × mL/min × 10−3, P = 0.014). Total diureses was found to be lower in VA‐ECMO compared with ECMELLA [248 mL (179–930) vs. 506 mL (418–2190); P = 0.005].

Conclusions

In a porcine model of CS, we found lower PVA, with the ECMELLA configuration compared with VA‐ECMO, indicating better cardiac energetics without compromising systemic perfusion.
Iron Photocatalysis Applied to Oxidative Amidation of Aldehydes with NaCl
Authors: Dellisanti Andrea , Pisano Luisa , Carraro Massimo , Porcheddu Andrea , De Luca Lidia , Gaspa Silvia
Published: April 2024

A synthesis of amides from aldehydes promoted by the photoactive complex of Fe2SO4 with 2‐picolinic acid, NaCl as a chlorine source, and Na2S2O8 as a benign oxidant is reported. The reaction is mediated by visible light and is carried out at room temperature in the absence of additives. Fe2SO4 is a readily available earth‐abundant metal (EAMs) salt, which does not need to be prepared and is environmentally sustainable. Both aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes and mono‐ and disubstituted amines have been investigated for this transformation. This study opens intriguing perspectives for extending the application of photoactive complex iron salts toward halogenation processes as well as for C−H activation reactions and contributes to the field of earth‐abundant metal based catalysis.