bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NCSS notable trade book lesson plan Before She Was Harriet
Authors: Moore Daneell D.
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to allow students to explore the accomplishments of Harriet Tubman at various stages of her life through a guided research investigation. Students will be able to identify Harriet Tubman as a human hero by creating biographical story boards to display first in the classroom and later moved to a local cultural museum. The lesson plan is based on the trade book Before She Was Harriet. This short biography of Harriet Tubman is written in a free verse style to introduce young readers to the several roles she held throughout her impressive life span.

Design/methodology/approach

Social constructivist principles are integrated throughout the lesson; that is, meaningful interactions with peers and the teacher influence student learning. Students participate in a scaffolded research project with the support of teacher modeling and graphic organizers. They expand their knowledge by creating an original interdisciplinary project, a story board biography. Throughout all phases of the learning experience, students engage in critical thinking and challenging activities that include drawing connections among ideas, evaluating group work, arguing positions and applying research skills. Additionally, a variety of resources, including technology, are incorporated to promote active student engagement.

Findings

This is a National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS) Notable Tradebook Lesson Plan.

Originality/value

Young learners need the opportunity to engage in scaffolded research activities in a social studies classroom. This innovative instructional plan provides PreK-3 teachers a guide to introducing students to Harriet Tubman by reading aloud Before She Was Harriet, a 2018 Notable Trade book, and allowing students to gather a deep understanding of this historical figure through guided research over the course of two to three sessions.
A framework to estimate the likelihood of species interactions and behavioural responses using animal‐borne acoustic telemetry transceivers and accelerometers
Authors: Barkley Amanda N. , Broell Franziska , Pettitt‐Wade Harri , Watanabe Yuuki Y. , Marcoux Marianne , Hussey Nigel E.
Published: November 2019

Interactions between animals structure food webs and regulate ecosystem function and productivity. Quantifying subsurface behavioural interactions among marine organisms is challenging, but technological advances are promoting novel opportunities.

Here, we present a framework to estimate when there is a high likelihood that aquatic animal subsurface interactions occur and test for a movement‐related behavioural response to those interactions over short temporal scales (days) using a novel multi‐sensor biologging package on a large marine predator, the Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus).

We deployed a recoverable biologging package combining a VEMCO Mobile Transceiver (VMT), accelerometer and a temperature–depth tag to quantitatively assess fine‐scale behaviour during detection events, that is when sharks carrying the novel VMT package (animalR, n = 3) detected sharks independently tagged with transmitters in the system (animalT, n = 29). Concurrently, we developed simulations to estimate the distances between animalR and animalT by accounting for their swim speed, the estimated detection efficiency of the VMT and the number of consecutive transmissions recorded. Accelerometer‐derived activity indices were then used as a means to test for response to potential interactions when animals are expected to be in close proximity.

Based on this approach, the three VMT‐equipped Greenland sharks exhibited higher body acceleration and greater depth changes during detections, suggesting a potential behavioural response to the presence of other sharks. A generalized additive model indicated a moderate increasing relationship in activity associated with a greater number of animalT detections.

Through the proposed framework, detection events with varying probabilities of interaction likelihoods can be derived and those data isolated and explicitly tested using acceleration data to quantify behavioural interactions. Through inputting known parameters for a species of interest, the framework presented is applicable for all aquatic taxa and can guide future study design.
Private School Usage in Australia 1975–2010: Evidence from the Household Expenditure Surveys
Authors: Gørgens Tue , Ryan Chris , Zhao Guochang
Published: November 2019

The use of private schools in Australia has increased greatly since the 1970s. This article shows that most of the growth has been concentrated in attendance at low‐fee schools, while the growth in using high‐fee schools has been modest. Furthermore, the increase has occurred for households at all income levels, for both single‐parent and two‐parent households, for households of all sizes, and irrespective of whether the household reference person is born in Australia or elsewhere. However, increasing income and changes in household composition can account only for a small part of the trend.
polygene: Population genetics analyses for autopolyploids based on allelic phenotypes
Authors: Huang Kang , Dunn Derek W. , Ritland Kermit , Li Baoguo
Published: November 2019

Polyploidy has appeared in almost every ancestral plant lineage, and in extant species, occurs frequently. When present, polyploidy presents problems for genetic data analysis, which are caused by both genotypic ambiguities and double‐reduction.

To address these problems, we developed a new software package, polygene, which enables the estimation of genotypic frequencies for a number of polysomic inheritance models. Specifically, polygene obtains posterior probabilities for genotypes hidden within allelic phenotypes.

Comprehensive modes of genetic analyses are provided by polygene, which include genetic diversity analysis, tests for allelic phenotypic or genotypic distributions, linkage disequilibrium and genetic differentiation, genetic distance analysis, principal coordinates analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, individual inbreeding coefficient estimation, individual heterozygosity index estimation, population assignment, pairwise relatedness estimation, parentage analysis, analysis of molecular variance and Bayesian clustering.

polygene enables easy and convenient allelic phenotype‐ or genotype‐based analysis for both autopolyploids and diploids. polygene will thus facilitate molecular ecology research involving autopolyploids.
New species and records of the most diverse caddisfly genus in Brazil, Smicridea McLachlan, 1871 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae): solving a species delimitation through an integrative taxonomic approach
Authors: Vilarino Albane , Dias Everton Santos , Calor Adolfo Ricardo
Published: November 2019

Smicridea is the only genus recorded in the New World for the Gondwanan subfamily Smicrideinae (Hydropsychidae). The genus comprises two subgenera, Smicridea (Smicridea) and Smicridea (Rhyacophylax). In Brazil, Smicridea numbers 55 species, of which 16 are referred to subgenus Smicridea and 39 to subgenus Rhyacophylax. Here, we describe two new species in Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) and one in Smicridea (Smicridea), both from Brazil. Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) scalprum sp. nov. belongs to the Smicridea dispar group and is diagnosed mainly by the truncate apex of segment X that has a concave notch apically. Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) sororis sp. nov. belongs to the Smicridea argentina group and is similar to Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) froehlichi, possibly representing a recent speciation process; Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) sororis sp. nov. is differentiated mainly by the papilla‐like lateral lobes on the phallus. DNA barcode sequences (577 bp of the mitochondrial gene COI) of Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) sororis sp. nov. and Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) froehlichi were integrated to evaluate species delimitations. Smicridea (Smicridea) capao sp. nov. belongs to the Smicridea fasciatella group and appears to be morphologically similar to some Smicridea (Smicridea) from Colombia. Smicridea capao sp. nov. is diagnosed by the strong subapical constriction on the phallus and the rounded apex. Additionally, we provide new distributional records of Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) froehlichi, Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) abrupta, Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) roraimense and Smicridea (Smicridea) franciscana.
New South American genus of Iassinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and additional morphological characters for two Neotropical species of Neobalinae and Nioniinae
Authors: Defea Barbara Soledad , Paradell Susana Liria
Published: November 2019

The new iassine leafhopper genus Ana gen. nov is described, based on the type species Ana doctrix sp. nov. from Argentina, and placed in the tribe Hyalojassini. The new genus is distinguished from other Neotropical Hyalojassini genera by setose forewings, submarginal vein evanescent apically and appendix narrower than first apical cell, male pygofer with a triangular expansion turned mesad on ventral margin, lacking hooks, styles bifid basally, and female sternite VII short, with posterior margin concave. The subfamilies Neobalinae and Nioniinae are recorded for the first time from Argentina. New female morphological characters of Calliscarta fasciata (Osborn) (Neobalinae) and the male terminalia of Nionia major (Osborn) (Nioniinae) are provided. An updated key to the 12 subfamilies of Cicadellidae present in Argentina is provided.
An own‐age bias in mixed‐ and pure‐list presentations: No evidence for the social‐cognitive account
Authors: Cronin Sophie L. , Craig Belinda M. , Lipp Ottmar V.
Published: November 2019

The own‐age bias (OAB) is suggested to be caused by perceptual‐expertise and/or social‐cognitive mechanisms. Bryce and Dodson (2013,Psychology and Aging, 28, 87, Exp 2) provided support for the social‐cognitive account, demonstrating an OAB for participants who encountered a mixed‐list of own‐ and other‐age faces, but not for participants who encountered a pure‐list of only own‐ or other‐age faces. They proposed that own‐age/other‐age categorization, and the resulting OAB, only emerge when age is made salient in the mixed‐list condition. Our study aimed to replicate this finding using methods typically used to investigate the OAB to examine their robustness and contribution to our understanding of how the OAB forms. Across three experiments that removed theoretically unimportant components of the original paradigm, varied face sex, and included background scenes, the OAB emerged under both mixed‐list and pure‐list conditions. These results are more consistent with a perceptual‐expertise than social‐cognitive account of the OAB, but may suggest that manipulating age salience using mixed‐list and pure‐list presentations is not sufficient to alter categorization processes.
British Campaigns for Solidarity with Argentina and Chile
Authors: Livingstone Grace
Published: November 2019

The Chile solidarity movement persuaded British Labour governments (1974–1979) to introduce a range of measures against the Pinochet regime. But campaigners lobbying against the Argentine dictatorship (1976–1983) had less impact on policy. Neither these Labour governments nor the subsequent Conservative government imposed any sanction on the Argentine dictatorship, until the invasion of the Falkland Islands. This article explores why in Britain – and Europe – the Chile campaign had greater public appeal than the Argentina solidarity campaigns. It identifies a number of common factors across Europe which explain why the anti‐Pinochet cause generated more support than the Argentina campaign.
RPV‐modified epirubicin and dioscin co‐delivery liposomes suppress non‐small cell lung cancer growth by limiting nutrition supply
Authors: Kong Liang , Cai Fu‐yi , Yao Xue‐min , Jing Ming , Fu Min , Liu Jing‐jing , He Si‐yu , Zhang Lu , Liu Xin‐ze , Ju Rui‐jun , Li Xue‐tao
Published: November 2019

Chemotherapy for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is far from satisfactory, mainly due to poor targeting of antitumor drugs and self‐adaptations of the tumors. Angiogenesis, vasculogenic mimicry (VM) channels, migration, and invasion are the main ways for tumors to obtain nutrition. Herein, RPV‐modified epirubicin and dioscin co‐delivery liposomes were successfully prepared. These liposomes showed ideal physicochemical properties, enhanced tumor targeting and accumulation in tumor sites, and inhibited VM channel formation, tumor angiogenesis, migration and invasion. The liposomes also downregulated VM‐related and angiogenesis‐related proteins in vitro. Furthermore, when tested in vivo, the targeted co‐delivery liposomes increased selective accumulation of drugs in tumor sites and showed extended stability in blood circulation. In conclusion, RPV‐modified epirubicin and dioscin co‐delivery liposomes showed strong antitumor efficacy in vivo and could thus be considered a promising strategy for NSCLC treatment.
Integrin α11 in non–small cell lung cancer is associated with tumor progression and postoperative recurrence
Authors: Ando Takahiro , Kage Hidenori , Matsumoto Yoko , Zokumasu Koichi , Yotsumoto Takuma , Maemura Keita , Amano Yosuke , Watanabe Kousuke , Nakajima Jun , Nagase Takahide , Takai Daiya
Published: November 2019

Integrins are transmembrane proteins that mediate cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Integrin α11 (ITGA11) is not expressed in normal alveolar epithelial cells and is a known receptor for collagen. While integrin α11β1 overexpression in the tumor stroma has been associated with tumor growth and metastatic potential of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), little is known about the role of ITGA11 in tumor cells. Thus, we examined the RNA expression of ITGA11 by quantitative RT‐PCR in 80 samples collected from NSCLC patients who had undergone surgical resection and analyzed the clinical outcomes. We found that high expression of ITGA11 was associated with lower recurrence‐free survival in all NSCLC patients (P = 0.043) and in stage I NSCLC patients (P = 0.049). These results were consistent with in silico analyses of the Cancer Genome Atlas database. We also analyzed cell proliferation, migration and invasion capacity in lung cancer cell lines after overexpression of ITGA11. Overexpression of ITGA11 in lung cancer cell lines had little effect on cell proliferation but resulted in increased migration and invasion capacity. Our findings suggest that ITGA11 plays a significant role in cancer migration and invasion, leading to higher recurrence. ITGA11 expression may be a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with surgically resected NSCLC.
Density‐dependent effects on salmonid populations: A review
Authors: Grossman Gary D. , Simon Troy N.
Published: November 2019

We reviewed 199 published data sets (21 species) to assess the relative frequency of various density‐dependent processes in salmonids. We examined studies for the presence or absence of density‐dependence: in growth, mortality, fecundity and recruitment. Based on data from all studies pooled 71% showed density‐dependence in growth, 23% found density‐dependence in mortality, 2% detected density‐dependence in fecundity and 4% displayed density‐dependence in recruitment. Most studies at the population level (e.g. changes in abundance or means of growth, mortality or fecundity) demonstrated density‐dependence; however, these studies were not common, likely because they require long time series of data (at least 3–4 times mean generation time for the species). Our review indicated there was no evidence that the probability of finding density‐dependent effects differed among the 21 species examined, but the number of studies per species varied substantially (5 [minimum for analysis] – 20+); hence, this finding should be viewed as tentative. Most salmonid species showed evidence of density‐dependence in growth; however, few studies examined density‐dependent effects on fecundity or recruitment, and further study is needed on these phenomena. There was no evidence that density‐dependent effects were restricted to a particular habitat type or geographic region.
Dynamics of movement‐related cortical potentials and sensorimotor oscillations during palmar grasp movements
Authors: Savić Andrej M. , Lontis Eugen R. , Mrachacz‐Kersting Natalie , Popović Mirjana B.
Published: November 2019

Movement‐related cortical potentials (MRCP) and sensorimotor oscillatory electroencephalographic (EEG) activity (event‐related desynchronization/synchronization—ERD/ERS) provide complementary information of the associated motor activity. The aim of this study was to provide comparative spatio‐temporal analysis of both EEG phenomena associated with palmar grasping motions including hand opening and closing phases. Nine healthy participants were instructed to perform self‐paced, right hand grasping movements. EEG was recorded from 28 sites synchronous with electromyography (EMG) of wrist/fingers extensors and flexors. Statistical analysis of the EEG data revealed significant differences (p < .05) between the idle state (baseline) and motor preparation/execution periods in majority of recorded channels. The earliest statistical significance in MRCPs was observed for channel FC3 at −460.9 ms, while the earliest significant ERD was observed at 164.1 ms for channel C3. MRCP and ERD/ERS topographies in our study are in line with the results of previous studies comparing MRCP and ERD/ERS spatio‐temporal patterns during upper limb movements, however, results of our study show that MRCP significant differences compared to the baseline appear in most channels earlier than ERD (on average 613.6 ± 191.5 ms earlier). This implies an advantage of MRCP signals for grasping movements' prediction, which is in contrast to previous reports. Moreover, combined spatio‐temporal information on MRCP and ERD/ERS presented in this paper may serve for future optimization of grasp movement prediction/detection hybrid algorithms in the context of restorative brain–computer interface technology.
Long‐term surface application of dairy liquid manure to soil under no‐till improves carbon and nitrogen stocks
Authors: Cavalcante J. S. , Favaretto N. , Dieckow J. , Cherobim V. F. , Barth G.
Published: November 2019

Manure application and no‐till management improve soil quality, crop yields and C inputs, but little specific knowledge is available regarding the combined effect of long‐term dairy liquid manure (DLM) application and no‐till management on soil organic matter status and soil structure in topsoils. Here, we assess the impacts of surface‐applied DLM for a 10‐year period on soil total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (TN) concentrations and stocks, on organic matter fractions and on soil physical‐structural attributes in a no‐till crop rotation system on clayey Ferralsol under no‐till crop rotation management in a subtropical climate. Four rates of DLM (0, 60, 120 and 180 m3 ha−1 year−1) were applied in a randomized block design with four replications. Soil samples were collected to calculate TOC and TN stocks to 100‐cm depth and organic matter fractions in the 0–5‐cm layer, and physical indicators of soil quality: bulk density, macroporosity and microporosity and aggregate stability. The largest DLM rates (120 and 180 m3 ha−1 year−1) added 3.8–5.8 Mg C ha−1 year−1 as manure, increased crop residue input by 0.6 Mg C ha−1 year−1, and increased TOC stock by 17% and TN stock by 27% in the top 10 cm of soil, at annual accumulation rates that averaged 0.72 Mg C ha−1 year−1 and 86 kg N ha−1 year−1. Stocks of TOC and TN in the sand‐POM (particulate organic matter) fraction under the 180 m3 ha−1 year−1 rate increased by 49 and 63%, and in the silt‐MOM (mineral‐associated organic matter) fraction by 30 and 47%, respectively. In the clay‐MOM fraction, the change in TOC was not significant, but the TN increased by 16%. Soil physical‐structural attributes (bulk density, porosity and aggregates) were improved by DLM application in the 10‐cm layer and followed the soil carbon and nitrogen increments. Overall, the DLM amendment applied on the soil surface of no‐till proved to be a strategy to ameliorate soil organic matter status, an important factor for agronomic and environmental benefits, besides improving crop biomass production.

Highlights

Long‐term application of liquid manure increased concentration and stock of SOC and TN in the 0–10‐cm layer.

Increases of 0.72 Mg C ha−1 year−1 and 86 kg N ha−1 year−1 were observed in the 10‐cm topsoil with manure.

SOC and TN increased in the sand‐POM and silt‐MOM size fractions but not the clay‐MOM fraction.

Improvements to soil physical‐structural attributes were related to organic matter changes.
Insights from bitcoin trading
Authors: Jain Pankaj K. , McInish Thomas H. , Miller Jonathan L.
Published: November 2019

We examine commonality in returns and volume for Bitcoin–fiat currency pairs, each trading in a country with a single time zone. Bitcoin has substantial volume and obeys the theory related to commonality, liquidity, and price discovery. We find evidence that one common factor explains 68% of the variance in hourly volume. Though trading is higher on weekdays, there is substantial weekend trading, reflecting high retail participation. Volume is higher on exchanges during local working hours, as seen in forex markets, supporting the view that trading patterns depend on the location of trade rather than the location of the asset traded.
Gabapentin for uremic pruritus: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Eusebio‐Alpapara Kathleen May V. , Castillo Rochelle L. , Dofitas Belen L.
Published: November 2019

Uremic pruritus is one of the most prevalent and bothersome dermatologic symptoms in patients with end‐stage renal disease. Some studies suggest a possible neuropathic cause of uremic pruritus. Gabapentin, an anticonvulsant, may control pruritus with neuropathic origin. The objectives of this study were to assess the efficacy of gabapentin in reducing pruritus scores of patients with uremic pruritus and evaluate its safety among dialysis patients. Meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials, using gabapentin as treatment for uremic pruritus among hemodialysis patients was included and analyzed using Review Manager Version 5.1.4 software. Seven out of 17 screened articles were included, with a total of 315 participants. Meta‐analysis of the incidence of improved pruritus scores after treatment from four studies (n = 171) showed that treatment with gabapentin decreased the severity of uremic pruritus as compared to the placebo (risk ratio = 0.18; 95% confidence interval: 0.09, 0.33; I2 = 4%: P =< 0.00001). Six studies (n = 290) presented with incidence of adverse drug events such as dizziness, drowsiness, and somnolence. In the pooled analysis, treatment with gabapentin was associated with a higher incidence of adverse drug events compared to the comparator drugs, but the results were not significant (risk ratio = 1.3, 95% confidence interval: 0.81, 2.11; P = 0.28, I2 = 37%). The results of this systematic review suggest that gabapentin is efficacious and safe in improving uremic pruritus among dialysis patients.
State of the art of Mohs surgery for rare cutaneous tumors in the Spanish Registry of Mohs Surgery (REGESMOHS)
Authors: Rodríguez‐Jiménez Pedro , Jimenez Yolanda D. , Reolid Alejandra , Sanmartın‐Jimenez Onofre , Garces Joan R. , Rodríguez‐Prieto Manuel A. , Medrano Roman M. , Vilarrasa Eva , de Eusebio‐Murillo Esther , Redondo Pedro , Ciudad‐Blanco Cristina , Morales‐Gordillo Victoriano , Toll‐Abelló Agustí , Artola‐Igarza Juan L. , Pacheco María L.A. , Markixana Irati A. , Fernández Ricardo S. , Rubio Alberto A. , Vázquez‐Veiga Hugo , Flórez‐Menéndez Angeles , de la Cueva Dobao Pablo , Botella‐Estrada Rafael , Garcia‐Bracamonte Beatriz , Carnero‐González Lucia , Ruiz‐Salas Veronica , Sánchez‐Sambucety Pedro , López‐Estebaranz Jose L. , Gil Pilar , Barchino Lucia , Arenal Matías M. , Ocerin‐Guerra Izascun , Hueso Luis , Seoane‐Pose María J. , Gonzalez-Sixto Beatriz , Cano‐Martinez Natividad , Escutia‐Muñoz Begoña , Ortiz‐Romero Pablo L. , Garcia‐Doval Ignacio , Descalzo Miguel A. ,   on behalf of REGESMOHS (Registro Español de Cirugía de Mohs)
Published: November 2019

Background

The use of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) for rare cutaneous tumors is poorly defined. We aim to describe the demographics, tumor presentation and topography, surgery characteristics and complications of MMS for rare cutaneous tumors in a national registry.

Methods

Prospective cohort study of patients treated with MMS in Spain between July 2013 and June 2018. The inclusion criteria were patients with cutaneous tumors with final diagnosis different from basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, or any kind of melanoma.

Results

Five thousand and ninety patients were recorded in the registry, from which only 73 tumors (1.4%) fulfilled the inclusion criteria: atypical fibroxanthoma (18), microcystic adnexal carcinoma (10), extramammary Paget's disease (7), Merkel cell carcinoma (5), dermatofibroma (4), trichilemmal carcinoma (4), desmoplastic trichoepithelioma (4), sebaceous carcinoma (3), leiomyosarcoma (2), porocarcinoma (2), angiosarcoma (2), trichoblastoma (1), superficial acral fibromyxoma (1), and others (10). No intra‐surgery morbidity was registered. Postsurgery complications appeared in six patients (9%) and were considered mild. Median follow‐up time was 0.9 years during which three Merkel cell carcinomas, one angiosarcoma, one microcystic adnexal carcinoma, and four others recurred (12.3%).

Conclusion

This national registry shows that rare cutaneous tumors represent a negligible part of the total MMS performed in our country with a low complication rate.
The interaction of intestinal microbiota and innate lymphoid cells in health and disease throughout life
Authors: Ganal‐Vonarburg Stephanie C. , Duerr Claudia U.
Published: November 2019

Immunity is shaped by commensal microbiota. From early life onwards, microbes colonize mucosal surfaces of the body and thereby trigger the establishment of immune homeostasis and defense mechanisms. Recent evidence reveals that the family of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which are mainly located in mucosal tissues, are essential in the maintenance of barrier functions as well as in the initiation of an appropriate immune response upon pathogenic infection. In this review, we summarize recent insights on the functional interaction of microbiota and ILCs at steady‐state and throughout life. Furthermore, we will discuss the interplay of ILCs and the microbiota in mucosal infections focusing on intestinal immunity.
‘Layered immunity’ and the ‘neonatal window of opportunity’ – timed succession of non‐redundant phases to establish mucosal host–microbial homeostasis after birth
Authors: Hornef Mathias W. , Torow Natalia
Published: November 2019

The intricate host–microbial interaction and the overwhelming complexity of the mucosal immune system in the adult host raise the question of how this system is initially established. Here, we propose the implementation of the concept of the ‘postnatal window of opportunity’ into the model of a ‘layered immunity’ to explain how the newborn's mucosal immune system matures and how host–microbial immune homeostasis is established after birth. We outline the concept of a timed succession of non‐redundant phases during postnatal immune development and discuss the possible influence of external factors and conditions.
Decreased microcirculatory function measured by perfusion index is a novel indicator of diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Okada Hiroshi , Tanaka Muhei , Yasuda Takashi , Okada Yuki , Norikae Hisahiro , Fujita Tetsuya , Nishi Takashi , Oyamada Hirokazu , Yamane Tetsuro , Fukui Michiaki
Published: November 2019

Aims/Introduction

Diabetic kidney disease has been considered as an important risk factor of cardiovascular disease. Chronic hypoxia is considered to be the main cause of renal injury. Diminished microcirculatory blood flow could be associated with hypoxia in the kidney. Whether diminished microcirculation is associated with diabetic kidney disease has not yet been reported. Here, we investigated the correlation between microcirculatory function and diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods

Our cross‐sectional study included 574 patients who were admitted to Matsushita Memorial Hospital in Moriguchi, Japan, for type 2 diabetes. Microcirculatory function was assessed using the perfusion index (PI), which represents the level of circulation through peripheral tissues. We measured the PI for all patients.

Results

The median age and PI values were 70 years (range 60–77 years) and 2.8% (range 1.6–4.8%). Multiple regression analyses showed that the PI independently correlated with the logarithm of urinary albumin excretion (P = 0.009) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (P = 0.005), respectively. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that patients with systolic blood pressure (SBP) greater than the median and PI less than or equal to the median (high‐low group) had a significantly increased odds of albuminuria compared with those with SBP less than or equal to the median and PI greater than the median (low‐high group), and patients with SBP greater than the median and PI less than or equal to the median (high‐low group) had a significantly increased odds of estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 compared with those with SBP less than or equal to the median and PI greater than the median (low‐high group) or SBP greater than the median and PI greater than the median (high‐high group).

Conclusions

PI could be a novel indicator of diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Evaluation of non‐target effects of OMRI‐listed insecticides for management of Drosophila suzukii Matsumura in berry crops
Authors: Sarkar Nupur , Rhodes Elena M. , Spies Janine , Roubos Craig R. , Little Brian A. , Sial Ashfaq A. , Fanning Philip D. , Isaacs Rufus , Liburd Oscar E.
Published: November 2019

The spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, is an invasive pest of many fruit crops throughout North America, South America and Europe. The presence of this destructive pest has led to an increase in the number of insecticide applications. While conventional growers have an arsenal of different insecticides at their disposal, organic growers have a limited selection of effective options and rely heavily on applications of Entrust®, the organic formulation of spinosad. An important part of research is to develop more tools for organic growers and evaluate the effects of insecticides intended to target D. suzukii on natural enemies in the system. The effects of six organic pesticides alone and in combination with three adjuvants and two phagostimulants were tested in laboratory bioassays on three common natural enemies in berry production systems including two predators, Chrysoperla rufilabris and Orius insidiosus, and a parasitoid wasp, Aphidius colemani. Under the IOBC toxicity rating scale, spinosad was rated consistently from slightly harmful to harmful across natural enemy species and residue age (the effects of pesticides over time). Sabadilla alkaloids caused mortality to O. insidiosus equal to that of spinosad. All tested pesticides were at least slightly harmful to A. colemani, and the adjuvant polyether‐polymethylsiloxane‐copolymer polyether caused mortality that was not significantly different from spinosad. In general, neither the addition of adjuvants nor phagostimulants increased the mortality of the insecticides tested. The exception was polyether‐polymethylsiloxane‐copolymer polyether, but it is unclear whether it increased the toxicity of the pesticides or was simply toxic itself since it caused high mortality to A. colemani when applied alone. Sublethal effects were measured for two predatory species by measuring eggs laid and % egg hatch. Minimal sublethal effects were observed in C. rufilabris. In contrast, all tested insecticides caused reduced egg hatch in O. insidiosus compared with the control.
Transmission of Pantoea agglomerans—A paratransgenic control agent—Within a Homalodisca vitripennis population
Authors: Arora Arinder K. , Miller Thomas A. , Durvasula Ravi V.
Published: November 2019

Paratransgenic control of pests can be an alternative to chemical control, which is associated with environmental contamination, and higher input cost. We have recently developed paratransgenic control strategy to block transmission of the Pierce's disease pathogen—Xylella fastidiosa by its arthropod vector—Homalodisca vitripennis (the glassy‐winged sharpshooter) using antimicrobial peptide‐expressing strains of Pantoea agglomerans. In the present study, we report horizontal transmission of one of such P. agglomerans strains from H. vitripennis. This process indicates that P. agglomerans can self‐sustain in a population of H. vitripennis and, thus, can provide paratransgenic control of X. fastidiosa in field. These results also provide basis for future field studies.
The impact of accounting reform on accounting quality: Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Abdul‐Baki Zayyad , Haniffa Roszaini
Published: November 2019

The effectiveness of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is dependent on the strength of enforcement of accounting standards in a given country. This study explores the implications of the adoption of IFRS in Nigeria after the enforcement of accounting standards was strengthened. The strengthening of accounting standards enforcement, and the subsequent adoption of IFRS in Nigeria, was recommended by the World Bank to improve the country's regulatory outlook after a capital market crisis in 2007/2008 that was triggered by widespread accounting irregularities. Results indicate that accounting quality declined in Nigeria following the adoption of IFRS; while earnings management increased, timely loss recognition and earnings persistence reduced. Our study contributes to the burgeoning literature on IFRS adoption and concludes that the effect of IFRS adoption is contextual. Therefore, accounting regulatory institutions operating in a similar context to Nigeria should localize IFRS.
Antibody‐induced crosslinking and cholesterol‐sensitive, anomalous diffusion of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Authors: Mosqueira Alejo , Camino Pablo A. , Barrantes Francisco J.
Published: November 2019

Synaptic strength depends on the number of cell‐surface neurotransmitter receptors in dynamic equilibrium with intracellular pools. Dysregulation of this homeostatic balance occurs, for example in myasthenia gravis, an autoimmune disease characterized by a decrease in the number of postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Monoclonal antibody mAb35 mimics this effect. Here we use STORM nanoscopy to characterize the individual and ensemble dynamics of monoclonal antibody‐crosslinked receptors in the clonal cell line CHO‐K1/A5, which robustly expresses adult muscle‐type nAChRs. Antibody labeling of live cells results in 80% receptor immobilization. The remaining mobile fraction exhibits a heterogeneous combination of Brownian and anomalous diffusion. Single‐molecule trajectories exhibit a two‐state switching behavior between free Brownian walks and anticorrelated walks within confinement areas. The latter act as permeable fences (~34 nm radius, ~400 ms lifetime). Dynamic clustering, trapping, and immobilization also occur in larger nanocluster zones (120–180 nm radius) with longer lifetimes (11 ± 1 s), in a strongly cholesterol‐sensitive manner. Cholesterol depletion increases the size of the clustering phenomenon; cholesterol enrichment has the opposite effect. The disclosed high proportion of monoclonal antibody‐crosslinked immobile receptors, together with their anomalous, cholesterol‐sensitive diffusion and clustering, provides new insights into the antibody‐enhanced antigenic modulation that leads to physiopathological internalization and degradation of receptors in myasthenia.

image
Savannah roars: The vocal anatomy and the impressive rutting calls of male impala (Aepyceros melampus) – highlighting the acoustic correlates of a mobile larynx
Authors: Frey Roland , Volodin Ilya A. , Volodina Elena V. , Efremova Kseniya O. , Menges Vera , Portas Ruben , Melzheimer Jörg , Fritsch Guido , Gerlach Christina , von Dörnberg Katja
Published: November 2019

A retractable larynx and adaptations of the vocal folds in the males of several polygynous ruminants serve for the production of rutting calls that acoustically announce larger than actual body size to both rival males and potential female mates. Here, such features of the vocal tract and of the sound source are documented in another species. We investigated the vocal anatomy and laryngeal mobility including its acoustical effects during the rutting vocal display of free‐ranging male impala (Aepyceros melampus melampus) in Namibia. Male impala produced bouts of rutting calls (consisting of oral roars and interspersed explosive nasal snorts) in a low‐stretch posture while guarding a rutting territory or harem. For the duration of the roars, male impala retracted the larynx from its high resting position to a low mid‐neck position involving an extensible pharynx and a resilient connection between the hyoid apparatus and the larynx. Maximal larynx retraction was 108 mm based on estimates in video single frames. This was in good concordance with 91‐mm vocal tract elongation calculated on the basis of differences in formant dispersion between roar portions produced with the larynx still ascended and those produced with maximally retracted larynx. Judged by their morphological traits, the larynx‐retracting muscles of male impala are homologous to those of other larynx‐retracting ruminants. In contrast, the large and massive vocal keels are evolutionary novelties arising by fusion and linear arrangement of the arytenoid cartilage and the canonical vocal fold. These bulky and histologically complex vocal keels produced a low fundamental frequency of 50 Hz. Impala is another ruminant species in which the males are capable of larynx retraction. In addition, male impala vocal folds are spectacularly specialized compared with domestic bovids, allowing the production of impressive, low‐frequency roaring vocalizations as a significant part of their rutting behaviour. Our study expands knowledge on the evolutionary variation of vocal fold morphology in mammals, suggesting that the structure of the mammalian sound source is not always human‐like and should be considered in acoustic analysis and modelling.
Visual Functioning of Persons With Severe and Profound Intellectual Disabilities: Observations by Direct Support Workers and Staff Members and Information Available in Personal Files
Authors: Nijs Sara , Schouten Ben , Maes Bea
Published: November 2019

Despite the high prevalence of visual impairments in persons with severe or profound intellectual disability (ID), often a formal diagnosis is unavailable. Direct support workers and staff members have access to the information of the visual functioning through the personal files and build knowledge based on their own experiences. In order to provide individualized and high quality support in daily life, the accuracy and availability of this information of the visual functioning is essential. This study investigates the knowledge of direct support workers and staff members on the visual functioning of their clients and the written information available in the personal files. It is investigated to what extent they do agree on their knowledge and how certain direct support workers and staff members are about their knowledge on the visual functioning. Additionally is investigated to what extent the information available in support files is based on formal assessment. For 104 clients with severe or profound ID a direct support worker and a staff member filled in a questionnaire about their visual functioning. Next, the personal files were analyzed. Direct support workers and staff members respond significantly differently on the questions on the impaired visual functions. Direct support workers rate the certainty level of their knowledge on their clients' visual functions higher than staff members. The personal files lack information on the visual functioning. If information is available, it is mostly based on subjective impressions. The knowledge of direct support workers and staff members and the information available in the personal files provide no comprehensive picture of the visual functioning of the persons with severe or profound ID.
How effective and how durable is DAA‐therapy in HCV‐infected drug users?
Authors: Ingiliz Patrick , Tacke Frank
Published: November 2019

See Article on Page 2244
Any: Logic, likelihood, and context (Pt. 2)
Authors: Crnič Luka
Published: November 2019

Anyhas a more restricted distribution than other determiners. While it is uncontroversial that providing an adequate description of this distribution requires recourse to semantics, a full description has remained elusive. This holds, in particular, due to the intricate behavior ofanyin modal and non‐monotone environments, where sensitivity to extra‐grammatical factors is sometimes attested. Drawing on the insights of Kadmon and Landman, and on independently motivated mechanisms in grammar, we show that such descriptive challenges can be answered without abandoning a uniform treatment ofanyacross the different environments. The resulting picture falls naturally out of an approach that takesanyto be accompanied by coverteven. There are two parts to this review. Part I attends to the distribution ofanyin entailment‐reversing and modal environments. Part II turns to an explanation of this distribution, its predictions about the distribution ofanyin non‐monotone environments, and to differences betweenanyand some allied expressions. The review concludes by pointing out several open questions left for future research.
Neonatal weight loss and gain patterns in caesarean section born infants: integrative systematic review
Authors: Kelly Niamh M. , Keane Jessica V. , Gallimore Rachel B. , Bick Debra , Tribe Rachel M.
Published: November 2019

There is evidence that caesarean section delivery can impact on neonatal weight loss and weight gain patterns in the first 5 days of life. We conducted an integrative systematic review to examine the association of mode of delivery on early neonatal weight loss. Pubmed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Excerpta Medica dataBASE, and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online were searched for relevant papers published before June 2019. Reference lists from the relevant papers were then backwards and forwards searched. As neonatal weight loss was reported in different formats, a meta‐analysis could not be carried out. Most studies did not distinguish between elective and emergency caesarean sections or instrumental and nonassisted vaginal deliveries. Seven papers were included. All papers except one found that caesarean section was associated with higher weight loss in the early days of life. Two papers presented data from studies on babies followed up to 1 month. One study found that on day 25, babies born by caesarean section had significantly higher weight gain than those born vaginally, while another found that by day 28, babies born vaginally gained more weight per day (11.9 g/kg/day) than those born by caesarean section (10.9 g/kg/day; p = .02). Overall, infants born by caesarean section lost more weight than those born vaginally, but due to the small number of studies included, more are needed to look at this difference and why it may occur. This discrepancy in weight between the two groups may be corrected over time, but future studies will need larger sample sizes and longer follow‐up periods to examine this.
A case of overlapping adult‐onset linear scleroderma and Parry‐Romberg syndrome presenting with widespread ipsilateral neurogenic involvement
Authors: Yamasaki Ryo , Yonekawa Tomomi , Inamizu Saeko , Shinoda Koji , Ochi Hirofumi , Matsushita Takuya , Isobe Noriko , Tsuji Gaku , Sadashima Shoko , Kuma Yuki , Oda Yoshinao , Iwaki Toru , Furue Masutaka , Kira Jun‐ichi
Published: November 2019

Linear scleroderma is a variant of localized scleroderma. We report a 43‐year‐old woman who had developed left arm weakness and linear scleroderma on her back during pregnancy at 25 years of age, followed by left hemifacial atrophy and left leg weakness. She had multiple linear scleroderma lesions on her trunk and left limbs, left eyelid ptosis, impairment of vertical movement and abduction of the left eye, left hemifacial atrophy, and weakness and atrophy of the sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, and proximal limb muscles on the left side. On serology, antibodies to U1‐ribonucleoprotein and Jo‐1 were positive; anti‐scleroderma‐70 antibody was negative. Skin biopsy demonstrated increased hypertrophic collagen fibers without inflammatory infiltrates. Needle electromyography of left limb muscles revealed mild neurogenic patterns; left quadriceps muscle biopsy showed chronic neurogenic changes. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed mild left hemispheric atrophy. This is a rare case of linear scleroderma and Parry–Romberg syndrome presenting with widespread ipsilateral neurogenic manifestations.
Epiphrenic diverticula: An added source of complexity in achalasia management
Authors: Holmes Ian , Ko Myung S. , Kouanda Abdul , Singh Aparajita , Nett Andrew , Kathpalia Priya
Published: November 2019

Epiphrenic (pulsion) esophageal diverticula can occur in the setting of underlying esophageal motility disorders such as achalasia and present a unique management challenge to the gastroenterologist. Asymptomatic diverticula do not require treatment, but symptomatic diverticula require therapy targeted to the underlying esophageal motility disorder, or else the diverticula will recur. Generally, laparoscopic or combined laparoscopic/thoracoscopic myotomy, diverticulectomy, and anterior fundoplication are required. However, therapeutic options for epiphrenic diverticula are evolving as peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) becomes more commonplace. We review two cases of achalasia complicated by epiphrenic diverticula at our institution. In the first case, type II achalasia was identified and the patient underwent laparoscopic myotomy. In the second case, type III achalasia was present and the patient underwent successful POEM. We discuss the presentation, pathophysiology, and management of epiphrenic diverticula as well as the expanding role for POEM in diverticula.