bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Faults as Volumetric Weak Zones in Reservoir-Scale Hydro-Mechanical Finite Element Models—A Comparison Based on Grid Geometry, Mesh Resolution and Fault Dip
Authors: Treffeisen Torben , Henk Andreas
Published: May 2020

An appropriate representation of faults is fundamental for hydro-mechanical reservoir models to obtain robust quantitative insights into the spatial distribution of stress, strain and pore pressure. Using a generic model containing a reservoir layer displaced by a fault, we examine three issues which are typically encountered if faults have to be incorporated in reservoir-scale finite element simulations. These are (1) mesh resolution aspects honoring the scale difference between the typical cell size of the finite element (FE) reservoir model and the heterogeneity of a fault zone, (2) grid geometry relative to the fault geometry and (3) fault dip. Different fault representations were implemented and compared regarding those on the modeling results. Remarkable differences in the calculated stress and strain patterns as well as the pore pressure field are observed. The modeling results are used to infer some general recommendations concerning the implementation of faults in hydro-mechanical reservoir models regarding mesh resolution and grid geometry, taking into account model-scale and scope of interest. The goal is to gain more realistic simulations and, hence, more reliable results regarding fault representation in reservoir models to improve production, lower cost and reduce risk during subsurface operations.
Study on Desiccant and Evaporative Cooling Systems for Livestock Thermal Comfort: Theory and Experiments
Authors: Kashif Muhammad , Niaz Hassan , Sultan Muhammad , Miyazaki Takahiko , Feng Yongqiang , Usman Muhammad , Shahzad Muhammad W. , Niaz Yasir , M. Waqas Muhammad , Ali Imran
Published: May 2020

The present study considers evaporative cooling and desiccant unit-based air-conditioning (AC) options for livestock AC application. In this regard, proposed systems are investigated by means of experiments and thermodynamic investigations. Air-conditioning requirements for animals are theoretically investigated and temperature-humidity index (THI) is estimated. A lab-scale heat mass exchanger based on the Maisotsenko-cycle evaporative cooling conception (MEC) is set up and its performance is evaluated at different ambient air conditions. In addition, a desiccant-based air-conditioning (DAC) unit is thermodynamically evaluated using a steady-state model available in the literature. The study focuses on the ambient conditions of Multan which is the 5th largest city of Pakistan and is assumed to be a typical hot city of southern Punjab. The study proposed three kinds of AC combination i.e., (i) stand-alone MEC, (ii) stand-alone desiccant AC, and (iii) M-cycle based desiccant AC systems. Wet bulb effectiveness of the stand-alone MEC unit resulted in being from 64% to 78% whereas the coefficient of performance for stand-alone desiccant AC and M-cycle based desiccant AC system was found to be 0.51 and 0.62, respectively. Results showed that the stand-alone MEC and M-cycle based desiccant AC systems can achieve the animals’ thermal comfort for the months of March to June and March to September, respectively, whereas, stand-alone desiccant AC is not found to be feasible in any month. In addition, the ambient situations of winter months (October to February) are already within the range of animal thermal comfort.
A Novel Selective 11β-HSD1 Inhibitor, (E)-4-(2-(6-(2,6-Dichloro-4-(Trifluoromethyl)Phenyl)-4-Methyl-1,1-Dioxido-1,2,6-Thiadiazinan-2-yl)Acetamido)Adamantan-1-Carboxamide (KR-67607), Prevents BAC-Induced Dry Eye Syndrome
Authors: Na Yoon-Ju , Choi Kyoung Jin , Jung Won Hoon , Park Sung Bum , Kang Sein , Ahn Jin Hee , Kim Ki Young
Published: May 2020

Dry eye syndrome is the most common eye disease and it is caused by various reasons. As the balance of the tear film that protects the eyes is broken due to various causes, it becomes impossible to properly protect the eyes. In this study, the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of topical (E)-4-(2-(6-(2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-methyl-1,1-dioxido-1,2,6-thiadiazinan-2-yl)acetamido)adamantan-1-carboxamide (KR-67607), a novel selective 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) inhibitor, were investigated in benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced dry eye syndrome. BAC-treated rat eyes induced significant increases in ocular surface damage, decreased corneal thickness, corneal basement membrane destruction in the conjunctival epithelium, and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and 11β-HSD1. These effects of BAC were reversed by topical KR-67607 treatment. Furthermore, KR-67607 decreased 4-hydroxynonenal expression and increased antioxidant and mucus secretion in BAC-treated rat eyes. Taken together, a novel selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitor can prevent BAC-induced dry eye syndrome by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine and reactive oxygen species expression via the inhibition of both 11β-HSD1 activity and expression.
Insights into the FMNAT Active Site of FAD Synthase: Aromaticity Is Essential for Flavin Binding and Catalysis
Authors: Serrano Ana , Arilla-Luna Sonia , Medina Milagros
Published: May 2020

The last step in the biosynthesis of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is considered a target for the design of antimicrobial drugs because it is carried out by two non-homologous proteins in eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. Monofunctional FMN: adenylyltransferases (FMNAT) in Eukarya and FMNAT modules of bifunctional FAD synthases (FADS) in Prokarya belong to different structural families with dissimilar chemistry and binding modes for the substrates. In this study, we analyzed the relevance of the hydrophobic environment of the flavin isoalloxazine in the FMNAT active site of Corynebacterium ammoniagenes FADS (CaFADS) through the mutational analysis of its F62, Y106, and F128 residues. They form the isoalloxazine binding cavity and are highly conserved in the prokaryotic FADS family. The spectroscopic, steady-state kinetics and thermodynamic data presented indicate that distortion of aromaticity at the FMNAT isoalloxazine binding cavity prevents FMN and FAD from correct accommodation in their binding cavity and, as a consequence, decreases the efficiency of the FMNAT activity. Therefore, the side-chains of F62, Y106 and F128 are relevant in the formation of the catalytic competent complex during FMNAT catalysis in CaFADS. The introduced mutations also modulate the activity occurring at the riboflavin kinase (RFK) module of CaFADS, further evidencing the formation of quaternary assemblies during catalysis.
Prevalence of Vertebral Fractures and Their Prognostic Significance in the Survival in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 3‒5 Not on Dialysis
Authors: Castro-Alonso Cristina , D’Marco Luis , Pomes Jaume , Del Amo Conill Monserrat , García-Diez Ana Isabel , Molina Pablo , Puchades María Jesús , Valdivielso José Manuel , Escudero Verónica , Bover Jordi , Navarro-González Juan , Ribas Begoña , Pallardo Luis Manuel , Gorriz José Luis
Published: May 2020

Background: The prevalence of vertebral fractures (VF) and their association with clinical risk factors and outcomes are poorly documented in chronic kidney disease (CKD) cohorts. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of VF in patients with non-dialysis dependent CKD (NDD-CKD), their value in predicting mortality and its correlation with parameters of bone mineral metabolism and vascular calcification. Materials and Methods: 612 NDD 3‒5 stage CKD patients participating in the OSERCE-2 study, a prospective, multicenter, cohort study, were prospectively evaluated and categorized into two groups according to presence or absence of VF at enrollment. VF were assessed with lateral radiographs and Genant semi-quantitative method was applied. Three radiologists specialized in musculoskeletal radiology performed consensual reading of individual images obtained using a Raim DICOM Viewer and a Canon EOS 350 camera to measure with Java Image software in those who had traditional acetate X-ray. Factors related to VF were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Association between VF and death over a 3-year follow-up was assessed by Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox-proportional hazard models. Results: VF were detected in 110 patients (18%). Serum phosphate levels (OR 0.719, 95% CI 0.532 to 0.972, p = 0.032), ankle-brachial index < 0.9 (OR 1.694, 95% CI 1.056‒2.717, p = 0.029) and treatment with bisphosphonates (OR 5.636, 95% CI 1.876‒16.930, p = 0.002) were independently related to the presence of VF. After a median follow-up of 35 months (IQR: 17‒37 months), 62 patients (10%) died. The causes of death were cardiovascular (n = 21, 34%) and infectious (n = 11, 18%). In the crude analysis, fractured patients group had poorer survival (log-rank test, p = 0.02). After multivariate adjustment for age, MDRD, albumin, diabetes mellitus, comorbidity, Adragao Score > 3 and serum phosphate, the presence of VF (HR 1.983, 95% CI 1.009‒3.898, p = 0.047) were an independent predictor of all-cause mortality. Conclusions: In our study 18% of patients with NDD-CKD have VF. Factors associated with VF were age, low serum phosphate levels and peripheral vascular disease. The presence of VF was an independent risk factor for mortality in stages 3‒5 NDD-CKD patients. Clinical trials are needed to confirm whether this relationship is causal and reversible with treatment for osteoporosis.
Study on Hypervelocity Impact Characteristics of Ti/Al/Mg Density-Graded Materials
Authors: Long Luping , Peng Yingbiao , Zhou Wei , Liu Wensheng
Published: May 2020

An improved shielding structure of a bumper that constructed from Ti/Al/Mg density-graded materials was presented. Two types of Ti/Al/Mg density-graded materials with the same areal density were prepared by diffusion bonding and powder metallurgy, respectively. The characteristics of hypervelocity impact including penetration holes in the bumper, damage patterns on the rear wall and micrographs of the crater were investigated. The results show that damage mechanism of Ti/Al/Mg density-graded materials is closely related to the interface bonding strength and matrix strength. The penetration holes of Ti/Al/Mg density-graded material obtained by diffusion bonding exhibit typical ductile characteristics. The Ti/Al/Mg density-graded material prepared by powder metallurgy shows significant mechanical synergistic response under high strain compression and appears fragile characteristic. The shielding performance of Ti/Al/Mg bumper is increased by 20.4% compared with aluminum bumper. A theoretical analysis suggests that a Ti-Al-Mg bumper can fully break the projectile and greatly increase the entropy during the impact process. Larger projectile kinetic energy is converted into the internal energy during the impact process, thereby causing an obvious increase in shielding performance.
Innovations in Extractive Phases for In-Tube Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled to Miniaturized Liquid Chromatography: A Critical Review
Authors: Ponce-Rodríguez Henry Daniel , Verdú-Andrés Jorge , Herráez-Hernández Rosa , Campíns-Falcó Pilar
Published: May 2020

Over the past years, a great effort has been devoted to the development of new sorbents that can be used to pack or to coat extractive capillaries for in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME). Many of those efforts have been focused on the preparation of capillaries for miniaturized liquid chromatography (LC) due to the reduced availability of capillary columns with appropriate dimensions for this kind of system. Moreover, many of the extractive capillaries that have been used for IT-SPME so far are segments of open columns from the gas chromatography (GC) field, but the phase nature and dimensions are very limited. In particular, polar compounds barely interact with stationary GC phases. Capillary GC columns may also be unsuitable when highly selective extractions are needed. In this work, we provide an overview of the extractive capillaries that have been specifically developed for capillary LC (capLC) and nano LC (nanoLC) to enhance the overall performance of the IT-SPME, the chromatographic separation, and the detection. Different monolithic polymers, such as silica C18 and C8 polymers, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), polymers functionalized with antibodies, and polymers reinforced with different types of carbon nanotubes, metal, and metal oxide nanoparticles (including magnetic nanoparticles), and restricted access materials (RAMs) will be presented and critically discussed.
β2-Homo-Amino Acid Scan of µ-Selective Opioid Tetrapeptide TAPP
Authors: Tymecka Dagmara , Lipiński Piotr F. J. , Kosson Piotr , Misicka Aleksandra
Published: May 2020

TAPP (H-Tyr-d-Ala-Phe-Phe-NH2) is a potent, µ-selective opioid ligand. In order to gain further insights into pharmacophoric features of this tetrapeptide, we have performed a β2-Homo-amino acid (β2hAA) scan of the TAPP sequence. To this aim, 10 novel analogues have been synthesized and evaluated for µ-opioid and δ-opioid receptor affinity as well as for stability in human plasma. The derivatives included compounds in which a (R)- or (S)-β2-Homo-Homologue replaced the amino acids in the TAPP sequence. The derivatives with (R)- or (S)-β2hPhe4 turned out to bind µOR with affinities equal to that of the parent. β2hAAs in position 1 and 3 resulted in rather large affinity decreases, but the change differed depending on the stereochemistry. β2-Homologation in the second position gave derivatives with very poor µOR binding. According to molecular modelling, the presented α/β-peptides adopt a variety of binding poses with their common element being an ionic interaction between a protonable amine of the first residue and Asp147. A feature required for high µOR affinity seems the ability to accommodate the ring in the fourth residue in a manner similar to that found for TAPP. Contrary to what might be expected, several compounds were significantly less stable in human plasma than the parent compound.
Micro-Pulse Lidar Cruising Measurements in Northern South China Sea
Authors: Li Yuan , Wang Baomin , Lee Shao-Yi , Zhang Zhijie , Wang Ye , Dong Wenjie
Published: May 2020

A shipborne micro-pulse lidar (Sigma Space Mini-MPL) was used to measure aerosol extinction coefficient over the northern region of the South China Sea from 9 August to 7 September 2016, the first time a mini-MPL was used for aerosol observation over the cruise region. The goal of the experiment was to investigate if the compact and affordable mini-MPL was usable for aerosol observation over this region. The measurements were used to calculate vertical profiles of volume extinction coefficient, depolarization ratio, and atmospheric boundary layer height. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) was lower over the southwest side of the cruise region, compared to the northeast side. Most attenuation occurred below 3.5 km, and maximum extinction values over coastal areas were generally about double of values offshore. The extinction coefficients at 532 nm (aerosol and molecular combined) over coastal and offshore areas were on average 0.04 km−1 and 0.02 km−1, respectively. Maximum values reached 0.2 km−1 and 0.14 km−1, respectively. Vertical profiles and back-trajectory calculations indicated vertical and horizontal layering of aerosols from different terrestrial sources. The mean volume depolarization ratio of the aerosols along the cruise was 0.04. The mean atmospheric boundary layer height along the cruise was 653 m, with a diurnal cycle reaching its mean maximum of 1041 m at 12:00 local time, and its mean minimum of 450 m at 20:00 local time. Unfortunately, only 11% of the measurements were usable. This was due to ship instability in rough cruise conditions, lack of stabilization rig, water condensation attached to the eye lens, and high humidity attenuating the echo signal. We recommend against the use of the mini-MPL in this cruise region unless substantial improvements are made to the default setup, e.g., instrument stabilization, instrument protection cover, and more theoretical work taking into account atmospheric gas scattering or absorption.
Reply to Comments: A Lightweight and Low-Power UAV-Borne Ground Penetrating Radar Design for Landmine Detection
Authors: Šipoš Danijel , Gleich Dušan
Published: May 2020

In this brief note, we respond to the comments made by Dr [...]
Sustainability Prediction Model for Capital City Relocation in Indonesia Based on Inclusive Wealth and System Dynamics
Authors: Shimamura Takuya , Mizunoya Takeshi
Published: May 2020

Based on inclusive wealth (IW), this paper evaluates the impact and sustainability of the Indonesian government’s decision to relocate the capital city from Jakarta to East Kalimantan in terms of economic, human, and environmental aspects. This paper develops an integrated prediction simulation model based on IW and system dynamics and sets three scenarios, depending on the expected population recovery in Jakarta and the increased immigration into the new capital city (NCC) from the nearby areas after the public sector relocates. The most reliable scenario projects benefit of USD 169 billion in IW in 2050, equivalent to 2.41% of the expected cumulative real gross domestic product (GDP) growth in Indonesia from 2021 to 2050. Regarding the sustainability of the relocation, the current investment plans are not sustainable, largely because of the negative impact on human capital, comprising the education and health capital caused by the income gap between Jakarta and the NCC, and due to depreciation of produced capital. This study makes a significant contribution to the integrated evaluation of capital city relocations for Indonesia and beyond, because no previous study of such relocations combines produced, human, and natural capital. This is the first policy evaluation to include the impact of migration on IW, which plays an important role in IW literature, because population is a key model factor.
Circular Economy Contributions to the Tourism Sector: A Critical Literature Review
Authors: Rodríguez Carlos , Florido Carmen , Jacob Marta
Published: May 2020

Economic activity today is still based on a linear model of production and consumption: extract/produce and consume/throw, which exhausts natural resources and generates waste. The current linear economy does not optimize materials nor favour their recycling, reuse or recovery. Hence, the concept of Circular Economy (CE) has received increasing attention between policymakers and stakeholders worldwide. However, the literature on CE was mainly developed for the manufacturing sector, and only a few references are found on the tourism sector even though it is a sector where huge consumption of energy and water, food waste, congestion problems and CO2 emissions take place. This work aims to evaluate the importance of tourism in the CE literature and to identify current research trends and possible gaps in the literature on CE and tourism. In order to identify papers for this, the authors carried out a literature review of papers in the social science citation index (Web of Science) and Scopus. The keywords used are related to the tourism sector and CE, and the last search was made at the end of January 2020. Only papers published in English have been considered in the sample, which totals to 55 articles. Each contribution is analysed and, according to its content, classified into eight streams; then, the paper identifies two knowledge areas in tourism that this scientific production covers and the areas with lack of knowledge generated. Findings show that more research is needed about tourism’s intersection with CE in order to generate possible solutions towards a more sustainable tourism industry.
Potential Early Adopters of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles in Spain—Towards a Customer Profile
Authors: Higueras-Castillo Elena , Molinillo Sebastian , Coca-Stefaniak J. Andres , Liébana-Cabanillas Francisco
Published: May 2020

The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) by consumers is regarded as a key strategic goal for the reduction in transport-related air pollution levels. Although sales of EVs continue to rise year on year, generally, the attainment of the strategic goals set by various governments for the adoption of EVs remains a distant target. The purpose of this study is to identify the customer profile of early adopters of EVs in Spain: one of Europe’s largest economies, yet the country with the lowest uptake of EVs at present. The analysis presented here is based on an online survey of 404 potential consumers of EVs in Spain. A cluster analysis of the data was performed based on a set of three socio-demographic characteristics (gender, age, and income), one psychographic (green moral obligation—GMO) and two EV attributes (price and driving range). The results of this analysis showed that there exist two segments with respect to higher or lower customer intentions related to the adoption of EVs. These findings represent a theoretical contribution to current understanding of the customer profile of adopters of EVs and will contribute to the development of communication and retail strategies aimed at customers fitting the profile of early adopters of new technologies.
Road Trauma in Regional and Remote Australia and New Zealand in Preparedness for ADAS Technologies and Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Peiris Sujanie , Berecki-Gisolf Janneke , Chen Bernard , Fildes Brian
Published: May 2020

Achieving remote and rural road safety is a global challenge, exacerbated in Australia and New Zealand by expansive geographical variations and inconsistent population density. Consequently, there exists a rural-urban differential in road crash involvement in Australasia. New vehicle technologies are expected to minimise road trauma globally by performing optimally on high quality roads with predictable infrastructure. Anecdotally, however, Australasia’s regional and remote areas do not fit this profile. The aim of this study was to determine if new vehicle technologies are likely to reduce road trauma, particularly in regional and remote Australia and New Zealand. An extensive review was performed using publicly available data. Road trauma in regional and remote Australasia was found to be double that of urban regions, despite the population being approximately one third of that in urban areas. Fatalities in 100 km/h + speed zones were overrepresented, suggestive of poor speed limit settings. Despite new vehicle ownership in regional and remote Australasia being comparable to major cities, road infrastructure supportive of new vehicle technologies appear lacking, with only 1.3–42% of all Australian roads, and 67% of all New Zealand roads being fully sealed. With road quality in regional and remote areas being poorly mapped, the benefits of Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS) technologies cannot be realised despite the fact new vehicles with these technologies are penetrating the fleet. Investments should be made into sealing and separating roads but more importantly, for mapping the road network to create a unified tracking system which quantifies readiness at a national level.
In Vitro and In Vivo Antiviral Activity of Nylidrin by Targeting the Hemagglutinin 2-Mediated Membrane Fusion of Influenza A Virus
Authors: Jang Yejin , Shin Jin Soo , Lee Joo-Youn , Shin Heegwon , Kim Sang Jick , Kim Meehyein
Published: May 2020

Influenza A virus, one of the major human respiratory pathogens, is responsible for annual seasonal endemics and unpredictable periodic pandemics. Despite the clinical availability of vaccines and antivirals, the antigenic diversity and drug resistance of this virus makes it a persistent threat to public health, underlying the need for the development of novel antivirals. In a cell culture-based high-throughput screen, a β2-adrenergic receptor agonist, nylidrin, was identified as an antiviral compound against influenza A virus. The molecule was effective against multiple isolates of subtype H1N1, but had limited activity against subtype H3N2, depending on the strain. By examining the antiviral activity of its chemical analogues, we found that ifenprodil and clenbuterol also had reliable inhibitory effects against A/H1N1 strains. Field-based pharmacophore modeling with comparisons of active and inactive compounds revealed the importance of positive and negative electrostatic patterns of phenyl aminoethanol derivatives. Time-of-addition experiments and visualization of the intracellular localization of nucleoprotein NP demonstrated that an early step of the virus life cycle was suppressed by nylidrin. Ultimately, we discovered that nylidrin targets hemagglutinin 2 (HA2)-mediated membrane fusion by blocking conformational change of HA at acidic pH. In a mouse model, preincubation of a mouse-adapted influenza A virus (H1N1) with nylidrin completely blocked intranasal viral infection. The present study suggests that nylidrin could provide a core chemical skeleton for the development of a direct-acting inhibitor of influenza A virus entry.
El discurso anticolonialista en la retórica clásica griega: la polémica entre Alcidamente e Isócrates sobre Mesenia
Authors: Sànchez Jordi Redondo
Published: May 2020

El presente trabajo se plantea mostrar cómo el discurso anticolonialista se abrió paso en la retórica de la Grecia antigua. En plena época clásica, dos discípulos de Gorgias, los oradores Alcidamante e Isócrates, tomaron parte activa en la polémica sobre la independencia de Mesenia, que los espartanos en todo momento reconocían como una conquista militar. Ambos autores alimentaron durante años una mutua crítica que tiene en la cuestión mesenia un episodio más. Desgraciadamente contamos con un discurso entero de Isócrates, el Arquídamo, frente a tan sólo tres breves fragmentos del Meseníaco de Alcidamante. Isócrates abundó en todo tipo de expedientes que justificaran el sometimiento de los mesenios a los espartanos, y para ello empleó en primer lugar la fuerza del mito, a la que unió la derivada de la acción militar y de otros argumentos nacidos del status quo. Alcidamante, en cambio, invoca argumentos cuyo origen puede rastrearse en la sofística, a partir de un pasaje del orador y ensayista Antifonte. La oposición política se plasma en el empleo de diferentes recursos conceptuales, cuya traslación al debate retórico intentamos reconstruir. Un fragmento del comediógrafo Filemón permite también apreciar la difusión de ideas que prenuncian ideales de filantropía y universalismo propios de la época helenística.
Uso y abuso de la religión en la geoestrategia política de Cleómenes I
Authors: Jara Herrero Javier
Published: May 2020

El reinado de Cleómenes I ha sido tradicionalmente considerado como el punto de partida de la política expansionista de Esparta más allá de las fronteras del Peloponeso. Para llevar a cabo sus objetivos, el diarca utilizó audazmente el recurso a la religión, sirviéndose especialmente de las profecías emitidas por el oráculo de Delfos. Sus fallidas campañas contra Atenas, el ataque que ejecutó contra Argos o las intrigas políticas que fomentó fueron aspectos convenientemente respaldados por justificaciones de índole mística. Admirado y denostado por diferentes sectores de la historiografía moderna, Cleómenes constituye una turbulenta figura de la historia de Esparta cuya muerte está rodeada de un halo de misterio. A través de las fuentes antiguas, entre las que destaca el halicarnasio Heródoto, este artículo analizará hasta qué punto este polémico personaje se sirvió de la religión y las posibles razones que subyacían bajo la agresiva política espartana de finales del siglo VI e inicios del V a. C., así como las maniobras del rey en el seno de la clase dirigente espartiata para imponerse sobre sus adversarios políticos.
History of the Creation of the Complex for Cosmonaut Preflight Training at the Baikonur Cosmodrome. First Steps.
Authors: Savin S.N.
Published: May 2020

The paper shows historical background for building and developing the complex for cosmonaut preflight training at the Baikonur cosmodrome and the role of some leaders of the space industry and the Ministry of Defence in substantiating and making decision on a matter. It gives a brief reasoning for the creation of the complex shaped when performing first crewed launches and describes the initial stage of its construction.
Effect of gingival biotype on orthodontic treatment-induced periodontal complications: A systematic review
Authors: Amid Reza , Kadkhodazadeh Mahdi , Moscowchi Anahita , Tavakol Davani Shiva , Soleimani Milad , Dehghani Soltani Anahita , Al-Shuhayeb Muna
Published: May 2020

Background. It is crucial to maintain periodontal health in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Biotype is a critical factor to be considered in this regard. This systematic review investigated the scientific evidence on the relationship between gingival biotype and marginal periodontal alterations induced by orthodontic interventions. Methods. An electronic search was conducted for pertinent studies in three databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane up to August 1, 2019 based on a detailed protocol according to the PRISMA statement. The authors also completed a hand search in six dental journals and the bibliographic lists of the relevant studies. Results. Of 1512 citations retrieved through the electronic search, 602 were duplicate entries. By evaluating titles, abstracts, and full texts, eight articles conformed to the inclusion criteria; however, no relevant studies were found through hand searching. The evidence suggested that recession was inversely related with the thickness of the facial margin. These findings were more evident in proclined teeth and patients using fixed appliances. Conclusion. The existing evidence suggests that orthodontic therapy might result in mild detrimental effects on the periodontium, especially in patients with thin biotype. However, due to the limited investigations and their inconsistent methodology, further well-designed prospective studies are necessary.
Comparison of acellular dermal matrix allograft (ADMA) and a subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) for the treatment of gingival recession
Authors: Jenabian Niloofar , Yazdanpanahbahabadi Mohadese , Haghpanah Aski Parya , Bijani Ali
Published: May 2020

Background. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of acellular dermal matrix allograft (ADMA) for the treatment of gingival recession as a substitute for subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG). Methods. In this controlled clinical trial, 18 teeth were selected in nine subjects with bilateral gingival recession. One side was treated with SCTG and a coronally displaced flap as the control group, and the other side was treated with ADMA and a coronally displaced flap as the test group. Probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level, vertical recession depth, recession width, gingival thickness, keratinized tissue width, and the root coverage percentage were measured before the surgery and at 1-, 3-, and 6-month postoperative intervals. The healing index, pain index, and patient satisfaction were also investigated. The data were analyzed with a general linear model (GLM) repeated measures and paired t-test. Results. All the parameters improved except for PPD; however, a comparison between the groups did not reveal statistically significant differences. Only root coverage percentage and pain index were significantly lower in the test group. The average percentage of root coverage in the control and test groups were 82.01±16.62% and 64.44±9.4%, respectively. Conclusion. Both methods resulted in improvements in the clinical results. However, the use of the ADMA led to less pain and root coverage in comparison with the SCTG method.
Comparison of interdental papillae around single implants in the tissue-level (TL) and bone-level (BL) implants: A clinical trial
Authors: Banihashem Rad Seyed Ahmad , Forouzanfar Ali , Banihashemrad Seyed Ali
Published: May 2020

Background. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of bone-level implants in comparison with tissue-level implants on dental papilla dimensions in single-tooth implants. Methods. In the present clinical trial, 50 patients, 24 females (48%) and 26 males (52%), were selected among patients requesting single implants in the posterior area of the jaws. The subjects were divided into two groups (n=25). The subjects in the first group were treated with a bone-level implant (Implantium, Dentium, Korea), and the subjects in the second group were treated with a tissue level implant (Implantium, Dentium, Korea). None of the implants were loaded during this period, and only the healing effect was measured. All the implants underwent one-stage surgery (none-submerged), and healing abutments were placed after implantation. The papilla heights in both the mesial and distal aspects of the adjacent teeth were measured. A periodontal probe was used to measure from the top of the papilla to the CEJ of the adjacent teeth in two time intervals. Descriptive statistics were performed using tables and Shapiro-Wilk, chi-squared, Mann-Whitney, and independent t-tests. Results. The findings showed that the interdental papilla in TL single implants performed better than that in BL implants at the three-month interval. This difference was statistically significant on the mesial aspect but not on the distal aspect. However, the difference was not clinically significant. Conclusion. A comparison of papilla dimensions in two implant types showed that papilla formation in TL implants was better than that in BL implants at the three-month postoperative interval.
Observations on the Quaternary geology around Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden, eastern North Greenland
Authors: Bennike Ole , Weidick Anker
Published: May 2020

In North and North-East Greenland, several of the outlet glaciers from the Inland Ice have long, floating tongues (Higgins 1991). Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden (Fig. 1) is today occupied by a floating outlet glacier that is about 60 km long, and the fjord is surrounded by dissected plateaux with broad valleys (Thomsen et al. 1997). The offshore shelf to the east of Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden is unusually broad, up to 300 km wide (Cherkis & Vogt 1994), and recently small low islands were discovered on the western part of this shelf (G. Budeus and T.I.H. Andersson, personal communications 1998). Quaternary deposits are widespread around Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden and include glacial, glaciofluvial, marine, deltaic and ice lake deposits. Ice margin features such as kame deposits and moraines are also common (Davies 1972). The glaciation limit increases from 200 m a.s.l. over the eastern coastal islands to 1000 m in the inland areas; local ice caps and valley glaciers are common in the region, although the mean annual precipitation is only about 200 mm per year. Most of the sea in the area is covered by permanent sea ice, with pack ice further east, but open water is present in late summer in some fjords north of Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden, and in the Nordøstvandet polynia.
The myodocope ostracode Entomozoe from an early Silurian (Telychian, Llandovery) carbonate mound of the Samuelsen Høj Formation, North Greenland
Authors: Siveter David J. , Lane Philip D.
Published: May 2020

Entomozoe aff. Entomozoe tuberosa (Jones 1861), from carbonate mounds of the Samuelsen Høj Formation, represents one of the few ostracodes documented from the Silurian of Greenland and a rare occurrence of Entomozoe from outside Scotland. Like its coeval, congeneric Scottish counterparts, the Greenland Entomozoe lived on a shallow-water shelf dominated by epibenthonic fauna and probably had a benthonic, swimming(?) lifestyle. Its environmental, ecological and geographical setting is consistent with the idea that these earliest, Lower Silurian myodocopes were benthonic and, therefore, that Upper Silurian pelagic representatives must have resulted from an ecological shift in the group.
Aeromagnetic survey in southern West Greenland: project Aeromag 1999
Authors: Rasmussen Thorkild M. , Van Gool Jeroen A.M.
Published: May 2020

The acquisition of public airborne geophysical data from Greenland that commenced in 1992 continued in 1999 with project Aeromag 1999, an aeromagnetic survey of part of southern West Greenland. This paper presents results of the aeromagnetic survey and discusses the correlation of the measured data with the previously mapped surface geology.

The project was financed by the Government of Greenland and managed by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland. Sander Geophysics Ltd., Ottawa, Canada, was selected in April 1999 as the contractor for the project through a European Union opentender procedure.
To the definition of operators , which are performed IN Kaluzhnin’s graph-schems with parafractal characteristics
Authors: Simonov V.M.
Published: May 2020

The regular formula of operator, which is performed in given Kaluzhnin’s graph-scheme with parafractal characteristics, can be definded by two procedures. The standard procedure is based on the solution of system of operator equations, which is given birth by this graph-scheme. The modified procedure is based on the solution of several lesser-scale systems of operator equations, which are given birth by parafractals. The modified procedure is simpler than the standard one, but it is not evident identity of the results of both procedures. The principal result of this article is the theorem about this identity.
Evaluation and analysis of opportunities of blockchain information technology application for the construction waste utilization licensing
Authors: Sokolov B.V. , Kofnov O. V.
Published: May 2020

Goal. The goal of this research is the development of new methods of digitalizing and automation of low dangerous construction waste disposal licensing. Materials and methods. The digital workflow form is jointly used by a waste producer, a transporter, a waste inceptor and a garbage processing license department. The workflow is carried out within blockchain technology. Results. The workflow, the digital application form, the optimization method of data saving without repeating records in blockchain is developed. The problem of licensing process transparency is solved and corruption is prevented. The proposed technical solution uses the FabricSDK platform. Conclusion. The blockchain technology provides equal access rights to information to all participants, ensures maximum speed and transparency of licensing, applauds newcomers of the blockchain network, which contributes to healthy competition in the waste management market.
A Descriptive Study of Benign Vocal Cord Lesions with Speech Prameters Operated with Microlaryngoscopy
Authors: Govind Borade Dr. Tushar , Vishwanath Kale Dr. Meena , Subhash Gaikwad Dr. Ninad
Published: May 2020

Background:Humanity has appreciated the importance and power of the human voice. Voice disorders like benign, malignant lesions of vocal cord affect the voice quality and also can have a devastating effect on daily functioning and quality of life. These lesions can be diagnosed and treated with microlaryngoscopy. Micro-laryngoscopy is a procedure for visualization of a magnified view of the voice box (larynx) with the help of a laryngoscope assisted with an operating microscope for precise laryngeal surgery. Speech parameters helps in voice quality assessment for vocal cord lesions.Method:We have studied 30 cases of benign vocal cord lesion by simple random sampling for two years which got operated with microlaryngoscopic conventional surgery. Their pre and post-operative assessment is done with respect to speech parameters like Maximum Phonation Time, Voice Handicap Index and GRBAS Score. Clinical history and rigid Hopkins 700 also helped in diagnosing of benign vocal cord lesions.
Result: After conventional microlaryngeal surgery helps in improvement in MPT, VHI score, GRBAS Score post-operatively that of 3 months follow up. The effectiveness was seen more along with voice rest, corticosteroids and most important speech therapy.
Metodología para el análisis de las prácticas y políticas de ordenamiento territorial en América Latina. El caso de Argentina, Ecuador, México y Paraguay
Authors: Villagómez Martha , Cuesta Rosa , Sili Marcelo , Vieyra Antonio
Published: May 2020

El presente artículo es producto de un proyecto de investigación cuyo objetivo principal fue presentar, sobre la base de experiencias de casos multiescalares (nacional, regional, rural y metropolitano), una metodología que permita conocer el estado de situación de las iniciativas de ordenamiento territorial en cuatro países de América Latina, señalando los principales factores que limitan o inhiben su puesta en marcha y sus resultados, de manera tal que se puedan plantear algunas pistas y recomendaciones para la mejora de las políticas y las prácticas de ordenamiento territorial en toda la región.

El estudio fue ejecutado entre el 2017 y 2018, dentro Programa de Asistencia Técnica (PAT) que auspicia el Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia (IPGH) dependiente de la Organización de los Estados Americanos (OEA), con la participación del Instituto Geográfico Militar del Ecuador, la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México a través del Centro de Investigaciones en Geografía Ambiental (CIGA) del Campus de Morelia; el Centro de Investigación para el Desarrollo de Paraguay y la Universidad Nacional del Sur a través del Centro ADETER (Acción y Desarrollo Territorial) de la Argentina. A ello se sumó el apoyo de numerosos investigadores de otras Universidades y centros de investigación de los países involucrados.En este marco de investigación, se planteó una estrategia que incluyó el trabajo de campo mediante entrevistas a actores importantes y conocedores de la problemática. Adicionalmente, se recopiló información secundaria de las fuentes oficiales de cada nación y en función de todos estos instrumentos se realizaron varios talleres y discusiones evidenciados en los productos entregados.El resultado de la investigación reconoció problemas comunes en torno a la planificación territorial presentes en los cuatro países analizados, y que se manifiestan también en todos los niveles escalares; posteriormente, a partir de estos temas comunes para todos, con base en los instrumentos metodológicos desarrollados y el criterio experto de los participantes, se generaron propuestas que aportan ideas prácticas para mejorar las políticas de planificación territorial en América Latina.
Dịch chuyển - Dạy và học số 23
Authors: Hoang Anh-Duc , Giang Dang Thanh , Nguyen Chi Linh , Doan Phuong-Thuc , Nguyen Chi Yen , Diep Nguyen Ngoc , Dao Quynh Anh , Le Nhat Hoa  , Anh Duong Phu Viet
Published: May 2020

Nạn dịch đã tạm lùi lại phía sau, để lại cho loài người câu hỏi cấp thiết về việc kiến tạo một tương lai bền vững. Trong số 23 của Dạy&Học với chủ đề Đương đầu với khủng hoảng, Ban biên tập Lộn Xộn đã tuyển lựa bài viết về nhiều vấn đề giáo dục cốt yếu và ý kiến của những nhà giáo dục uy tín bốn phương. “Chúng ta mất gì khi chuyển từ lớp học trực tiếp sang Zoom?” - biến cố toàn cầu thúc đẩy con người suy nghĩ nghiêm túc hơn về xu hướng chuyển dịch sang các nền tảng học tập online. Bài viết của Phó giáo sư ngành Nhân học ở Queens College chỉ ra rằng công nghệ có ưu thế về thời gian và khoảng cách, nhưng cũng lấy đi một số yếu tố quan trọng trong giao tiếp người-người. Vậy làm thế nào để dạy học online hiệu quả? Chúng ta có thể hiểu hơn và đưa ra phương án cho mình khi xem xét kĩ lưỡng “Các yếu tố cấu thành một bài học trực tuyến”.Trong giáo dục từ xa, tính chủ động của người học càng được nhấn mạnh. “Cá nhân hóa việc học và xây dựng quyền tự quyết bằng 4 câu hỏi PLC” là một đề xuất quan trọng trong việc biến giảng dạy thành quá trình đồng kiến tạo của giáo viên và học sinh. Chuyên mục Học thế nào còn đề cập đến sáng kiến “Dạy học sinh trung học cách trẻ nhỏ học thế nào” như là một cách để hỗ trợ phụ huynh trong tương lai. Ngay cả khi những người tham gia không trở thành cha mẹ, xã hội sẽ tốt hơn nếu tất cả các thành viên hiểu cách hỗ trợ trẻ học sớm. Bên cạnh bức tranh chung về “Những đặc điểm của giảng viên thành công”, các bài “Ứng dụng kỹ thuật Phản tư trong giảng dạy”, “Làm sao để tạo ra một cộng đồng học tập chuyên nghiệp?”, “Chơi để học” chính là những gợi ý cụ thể mà các thầy cô giáo có thể áp dụng ngay trong từng tiết học. Cuối cùng, chuyên mục các Frameworks Giáo dục vẫn tiếp tục giới thiệu Khung Năng lực Học tập Xã hội và Cảm xúc IRC được phát triển bởi Ủy ban Cứu hộ Quốc tế cho các trường hợp khẩn cấp.
Barriers in Servicing Visitors of Heritage Trails – the Example of Cultural Trials in Małopolska Voivodeship
Authors: Laberschek Marcin
Published: May 2020

The popularity of cultural heritage trails is on the rise. The paper de-scribes barriers which a person who wants to travel using cultural her-itage trails of the Małopolska heritage/cultural trails may face. The au-thor attempts at finding out whether cultural heritage trails operators are able to deal with their increasing popularity. To answer this ques-tion, a “mystery tourist” study was done. The tourist-researcher exam-ined the quality and availability of needed information, both via an In-ternet platform and by making phone calls with trail operators. It has been shown that the barriers in servicing the “mystery tourist” were fo-cused especially on two areas: establishing contact and telephone con-versations with the operators of the trails and the inadequate function-ality of the “Szlaki Małopolski” Internet platform. The paper describes detailed results of the research.
Shaping the National Identity of the Youth in the Polish Scouting Association (ZHP)
Authors: Roman Kamil
Published: May 2020

Studies on patriotism and national identity occupy a special place in the social sciences related to the comprehensive and integral develop­ment of the human person. The shaping of national identity in Poland is particularly important due to the recently celebrated 100th anni­versary of independence. An important role in this process has been played by social organizations, whose members take care of maintain­ing and cultivating the Polish tradition. One of such organizations has been the Polish Scouting Association (ZHP), founded in 1918. The aim of the paper is to show the positive role of ZHP in building national identity and shaping the patriotic attitudes of contemporary youth. This goal will be verified through a systematic review of litera­ture related to identity, patriotism and patriotic education. The article also contains an overview of initiatives related to shaping the patriotic identity in the Polish Scouting Association.
Silesian Theological Seminary and Częstochowa Theological Seminary in Krakow— the Heritage of the Interwar Period. A Study of the History of Organization Management
Authors: Szkoła Michał
Published: May 2020

After Poland regained its independence in 1918, the Polish Roman Catholic Church needed to be reunited, so that thoroughly educated priests could be deployed to work in the newly established dioceses. The system of teaching had to be reorganized and this issue was fi­nally regulated by the 1925 Concordat which guaranteed the possi­bility of creating a seminary in each diocese. A special situation took place in Krakow, where in the 1920s, in addition to the existing dioc­esan seminary, the Częstochowa Seminary and the Silesian Seminary were located. The article outlines the circumstances in which the seats of these institutions were established outside home dioceses and draws attention to the cultural context of the events of that time, whose mate­rial reflection remains as the two modernist buildings preserved in the center of Krakow.