bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploration of antibody-mediated immunity in chronic histiocytic intervillositis reveals no evidence of maternal anti-fetal rejection
Authors: Brady Chloe A , Ford Laura B , Zou Zhiyong , Crocker Ian P , Heazell Alexander E P
Published: June 2023

Chronic histiocytic intervillositis (CHI) is a recurrent placental lesion where maternal macrophages infiltrate the intervillous space. Currently, its cause is unknown, though due to similarities to rejected allografts one hypothesis is that CHI represents maternal-fetal rejection. Here, virtual crossmatching was applied to healthy pregnancies and those with a history of CHI. Plasma anti-HLA antibodies were measured via Luminex, and percentage calculated reaction frequency (%cRF) determined. Antibodies were compared to fetal HLA to identify fetal specific antibodies (FSAs). Immunohistochemistry was used to identify placental C4d in untreated (index) CHI, subsequent pregnancies and healthy controls. There were no significant differences in C4d deposition between controls, index pregnancies with CHI and subsequent pregnancies, (control 0.75 [IQR 0-1.1] vs index 1.06 [0.3–1.6] vs subsequent pregnancies 1.13 [0.6–1.4]). Anti-HLA antibodies were present in slightly more controls than CHI (8/17 (47.1%) vs 6/15 (40.0%), respectively), but there was no significant difference in levels of sensitisation or %cRF. There was no difference in FSAs between controls and CHI cases (median 2 [IQR 0-3.8] vs 5 [1.0–6.0]). Though CHI shares some similarities with rejection, an antibody-mediated component could not be confirmed. These data suggest that CHI may not result from anti-HLA antibodies, but immunomodulatory treatment is an important confounding factor. Further investigation of antibodies independent of treatment is required to determine any possible role in the pathophysiology of CHI.
The application of 3D-printed auto-stable artificial vertebral body in ENBLOC resection and reconstruction of thoracolumbar metastases
Authors: Cao Yun , Yang Nan , Wang Shengbao , Wang Cong , He Qiang , Wu Qinfan , Zheng Yangyang
Published: June 2023

Background The nerve compression symptoms and spinal instability caused by spinal metastases seriously affect the patient's quality of life. A 3D-printed vertebral body is one of the optional methods for reconstruction of a bone defect after en-bloc resection of spinal tumors, with less postoperative complications because of its tailored shape and innermost porous structure inducing bone ingrowth. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of 3D-printed auto-stable artificial vertebrae in en-bloc resection and reconstruction of thoracolumbar metastases. Methods Between January 2019 and April 2021, patients who underwent en-bloc resection of thoracolumbar metastases based on the Weinstein-Boriani-Biagini surgical staging system were included in this study. The patients were divided into observation group (reconstructed with 3D-printed auto-stable vertebral body) and control group (treated with titanium cage and allograft bone). The patients were evaluated according to subsidence of implants, instrumentation-related complications, VAS score, and Frankel grading of spinal cord injury. Results The median follow-up was 21.8 (range 12 ~ 38) months. The customized 3D-printed artificial vertebral body was used in 10 patients, and the titanium cage was used in the other 10 patients. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage in the observation group were significantly lower than that in the control group(P < 0.05). The average implants subsidence of observation and control group at the final follow-up was 1.8 ± 2.1 mm and 5.2 ± 5.1 mm respectively(P < 0.05). The visual analogue scale (VAS) between the two groups at preoperative, 24 hours, 3 months and 1 year after operation was not statistically different (P < 0.05). No statistical significance was found in the improvements of spinal cord functions of the two groups. Conclusion The use of a 3D-printed auto-stable artificial vertebra for reconstruction after en-bloc resection of the thoracolumbar metastases may be a feasible and reliable option. The low incidence of prosthesis subsidence of 3D-printed prosthesis can provide good stability instantly.
Finishing of cellulosic fabrics based on SeNPs@triazole derivatives as anti- mosquito
Authors: Abdelhamid Ahmed , Kamel Omnia , Amr A. , Swelam Samira , El-Sayed Ahmed
Published: June 2023

As mosquito-borne diseases spread around the world, mosquito repellent textiles are in high demand as a disease-prevention tool for mosquito bites. In, this study selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) conjugated by synthesized triazole compound 7-(3-methoxyphenyl)-8-methyl-5-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)pyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]-triazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidin-6(7H) one was used to modify 100%, cotton, 65/35%, cotton/PET, viscose and gauzy cotton fabrics, for use as mosquito repellent and morality. The synthesized triazole derivative and the nanoparticles were confirmed by different instrumental techniques. The presence of SeNPs@triazole derivative into fabrics surface was investigated using FT-IR, SEM and EDX. The treated fabric repellency to Culex pipiens mosquitoes showed stable 100% repellency for two hours then complete morality after one day, the samples of fabrics are more durable by ratio 100% after 9th washing but decrease from 10th washing.
Impact and future improvements of workplace-based learning in traditional Korean medicine clinical clerkship: Perspectives of graduates
Authors: Cho Eunbyul , Lee Do-Eun , Lee Dongha , Jung Hyun-Jong
Published: June 2023

Background
Workplace-based learning (WPBL) has emerged as an essential practice in healthcare education. However, WPBL is rarely implemented in traditional Korean Medicine (TKM) due to the passive attitude of teachers and possible violation of medical laws that limit the participation of trainees in medical treatment. In this study, we implemented WPBL in the clinical clerkship of acupuncture and moxibustion medicine at a single College of Korean Medicine and discuss future improvements.
Methods
During the clerkship, each senior student was assigned an inpatient at the university hospital. WPBL was conducted as follows: patient presentation by the supervisor, interaction with the patient at the bedside, preparation of medical records, oral case presentation, and discussion with feedback. The student performed a physical examination and review of systems as a clinical task. In addition, six doctors of Korean Medicine (DKM) who are currently practicing after three years of WPBL were interviewed to investigate the real-world effects and unmet needs of WPBL in their workplaces.
Results
Two major themes identified from the interview were: “the experience of novice DKMs with TKM practice” and “Status Quo TKM education.” The five subcategories were: “Clinical competency priorities vary according to the TKM workplace,” “Difficulties faced by DKMs immediately after graduation,” “WPBL experience,” “Necessary but difficult to implement real patient learning,” and “Unmet needs for clinical clerkship in TKM.”
Conclusion
The present study suggests that WPBL may contribute to achieving various competencies of DKM. Since most DKMs are employed in clinics after graduation without receiving training in hospitals, WPBL plays an essential role in TKM education, and real patient learning in TKM primary clinics should be increased. However, the voluntary participation of patients, which requires the active participation of teachers, is necessary for the implementation of WPBL.
Telemedicine Use and Decrements to Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rodriguez Hector , Ciemins Elizabeth , Rubio Karl , Rattelman Cori , Cuddeback John , Mohl Jeff , Bibi Salma , Shortell Stephen
Published: June 2023

Background: We examine pandemic-era quality of care changes associated with telemedicine use among adults with type 2 diabetes and/or hypertension across ten health systems.
Methods: Patient-level encounter and laboratory data (n=1,963,563) were analyzed for pre-pandemic (March 13, 2019 to December 31, 2019) and pandemic (March 13, 2020 to December 31, 2020) periods. Generalized linear models with binomial distribution functions and log links estimated the association of telemedicine use with four outcomes: 1) hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) testing, 2) HbA1c control (<8.0%), 3) blood pressure (BP) testing, and 4) BP control (<140 / 90 mmHg), controlling for patient characteristics, system fixed effects, and with propensity score weights.
Results: In adjusted analyses, telemedicine use was associated with lower odds of HbA1c (aOR=0.74, p<0.05) and BP (aOR=0.40, p<0.01) testing for adults with type 2 diabetes, but not HbA1c or BP control. Among hypertension-only patients, telemedicine use was associated with lower odds of BP testing (aOR=0.10, p<0.001), but not BP control. Compared to pre-pandemic telemedicine use, pandemic period telemedicine use was associated with lower odds of HbA1c and BP monitoring.
Discussion: Telemedicine use was associated with lower odds of HbA1c monitoring for adults with type 2 diabetes and lower odds of BP testing for adults with type 2 diabetes and/or hypertension.
Conclusion: As telemedicine continues to be used for diabetes and hypertension care, remote monitoring, standing orders, and community pharmacy partnerships may be necessary supplements to telemedicine to assure high quality care, especially when in-person care options are limited.
Deep Surveillance System
Authors: . Pritam , Mushuni Sudhir Singh , Joshi Himanshu , Goel Shalini
Published: June 2023

This study has been undertaken to investigate and implement multiple detection systems into a single surveillance system and check whether the input videos may comprised and capture a variety of realistic anomalies or not. In this paper, we propose to learn various anomalies by exploiting both normal and anomalous videos and implemented it to new model. Real time object detection is a vast, vibrant and sophisticated area of computer vision aimed towards object identification and recognition. Object detection detects the semantic objects of a class objects using Open source ComputerVision, which is a library of programming functions mainly trained towards real time computer vision in digital images and videos. The main aim behind this real time object detection is to help the peoples to overcome their difficulty. Real time object detection finds its uses in the areas like tracking objects, video surveillance, pedestrian detection, people counting, self-driving cars, face detection, tracking in sports and many more. This is achieved using Convolution, Probabilistic Neural Networks, etc which are a representative tool of Deep learning. This project acts as an aiding tool for peoples who wants to take care of everything inside, outside, and around their house just for their full security expectations. Surveillance is a must for small houses to large-scale industries as they fulfil our safety aspects because theft and burglary have always been a problem. By combining this Surveillance idea to IoT and some Machine Learning stuff this will be a major product.The proposed project is a single autonomous surveillance system, based on analysis and detection technology. The proposed system is capable of monitoring all actions at once and alerts the concerned officials immediately and precisely.
Development of high accurate family-use digital refractometer based on CMOS
Authors: Wang Zhenxing , Jia Zhenyuan
Published: June 2023

This study aims to develop a low-cost refractometer for measuring the sucrose content of fruit juice, which is an important factor affecting human health. While laboratory-grade refractometers are expensive and unsuitable for personal use, existing low-cost commercial options lack stability and accuracy. To address this gap, we propose a refractometer that replaces the expensive CCD sensor and light source with a conventional LED and a reasonably priced CMOS sensor. By analyzing the output waveform pattern of the CMOS sensor, we achieve high precision with a personal-use-appropriate accuracy of 0.1%. We tested the proposed refractometer by conducting one hundred repeated measurements on various fruit juice samples, and the results demonstrate its reliability and consistency. Running on a 48 MHz ARM processor, the algorithm can acquire data in 0.2 seconds. Our low-cost refractometer is suitable for personal health management and small-scale production, providing an affordable and reliable method for measuring sucrose concentration in fruit juice. It improves upon the existing low-cost options by offering better stability and accuracy. This accessible tool has potential applications in optimizing the sucrose content of fruit juice for better health and quality control.
Single fiber ghost imaging for extreme minimally invasive medicine
Authors: Wakayama Toshitaka , Higuchi Yudai , Kondo Rikuto , Mizutani Yasuhiro , Higashiguchi Takeshi
Published: June 2023

Optical scattering media, such as blood, disturbs us to diagnose diseases inside deep blood vessels of our body. This is one of age-old problems on optics. To date, optical correlation allows us to image any objects hidden by scattering media. However, constrained by the scattering condition and weak illumination with thought of our body safety, even advanced fiber endoscopes are impossible to image the objects in meso-field of a few 10 mm. To overcome this problem, we demonstrate a lens-less single fiber ghost imaging for extreme minimally invasive medicine. Present imaging with a diameter of 105 µm achieved a spatial resolution of 0.05 mm in observing area of 9 mm2, image reconstruction under opaque scattering condition, and imaging at laser power density of 0.10 mW/cm2, as compared with a conventional neuroendoscope at that of 94 mW/cm2. Our strategy opens a new avenue for extreme minimally invasive endoscopic medicine.
Deletion of CUL4B in gut epithelium promotes ApcMin/+ adenoma formation by impacting the microenvironment
Authors: Guo Beibei , Zheng Yawen , Fan Yujia , Yang Yang , Wang Yuxing , Qin Liping , An Yachun , Xu Xiaoran , Zhang Xiyu , Sun Gongping , Dou Hao , Shao Changshun , Gong Yaoqin , Jiang Baichun , Hu Huili
Published: June 2023

Cullin 4B (CUL4B) is a scaffold protein of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Recent studies have reported the converse effect of CUL4B in carcinogenesis depending on where it functions. The role of CUL4B in tumor initiation at pre-tumor stage remains unknown. Here we report that CUL4B deficiency in the gut epithelium accelerates ApcMin/+ adenoma formation by creating the adenoma-prone immunosuppressive microenvironment. Absence of epithelial CUL4B improves the recruitment and activation of tumor-infiltrating CD11b+Gr-1+ MDSCs. In vitro co-culture of MDSCs significantly rescued the reverse phenotype of CUL4B deficient organoids. Mechanistically, CUL4B transcriptionally represses the expression of Csf3, one gene encoding secreted chemokine responsible for enrolling MDSCs. Our findings provide an understanding of the interplay between adenoma cells and microenvironment in promoting colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation in the context of activated Wnt.
MALAT1/ miR-1-3p-mediated BRF2 promotes HCC progression via inhibiting the LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway
Authors: Li Guang-Zhen , Meng Guang-Xiao , Pan Guo-Qiang , Zhang Xiao , Yan Lun-Jie , Li Rui-Zhe , Ding Zi-Niu , Tan Si-Yu , Wang Dong-Xu , Tian Bao-Wen , Hong Jian-Guo , Yan Yu-Chuan , Dong Zhao-Ru , Li Tao
Published: June 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers and one of the main causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Many studies have shown that abnormal expression of lncRNA plays a crucial role in HCC. LncRNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) has been reported to play a vital role in various tumors. However, the underlying mechanism of MALAT1 in HCC has not been thoroughly elucidated. The expression of MALAT1 were detected by qRT-PCR. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASO)-MALAT1 transfected cells were used to explore the biological effects of MALAT1 by cell CCK-8, colony formation, transwell, wound healing, and flow cytometry analysis. Western blotting was performed to measure PI3K/Akt and apoptosis-related protein levels. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the relationship between MALAT1 and its specific targets. We found that MALAT1 was upregulated, and MALAT1 knockdown inhibited migration and invasion, and it induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Further studies demonstrated that MALAT1 positively regulated the expression of transcription factor II B‑related factor 2 (BRF2) which was associated with clinical index and poor prognosis. Mechanistically, MALAT1 was found to act as a competitive endogenous RNA to sponge hsa-miR-1-3p, which upregulated BRF2. Knockdown of BRF2 inhibited the progression of HCC by the LKB1/AMPK pathway. Overexpression of BRF2 reversed the inhibitory effect of MALAT1 knockdown. Our results demonstrate a novel MALAT1/miR-1-3p/BRF2/LKB1/AMPK regulatory axis in HCC, which may provide new molecular therapeutic targets for HCC in the future.
The global burden of childhood and adolescent leukemia and Attributable Risk Factors: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Cui Yiran , Yang Wenyan , Shuai Jingliang , Ma Yulan , Xiao Gao , Yan Yan
Published: June 2023

Background
Childhood and adolescent leukemia represent a significant disease burden worldwide, making research on leukemia in this population and its attributable risk factors highly valuable. The aim of this study is to estimate the burden of leukemia in children and adolescents, as well as the social-demographic status, for 21 regions around the world from 1990 to 2019.
Methods
We collected data of childhood and adolescent leukemia from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 including, incidence, death, and Disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). We also conducted an analysis of the Joinpoint model to estimate the time trend of incidence, death, and DALYs rate of leukemia. Additionally, we examined the changes in leukemia DALYs attributable to risk factors in 2019.
Results
According to our analysis, the middle SDI experienced the highest decrease in incidence rate between 1990 and 2019, with an average annual percent change (AAPC) of -2.8* [95% CI, -3.0, -2.6]. On the other hand, the High-middle SDI witnessed the highest decrease in death rate, with an AAPC of -3.1* [95% CI, -3.30, -3.00].From 1990 to 2019, the incidence, mortality and DALYs of leukemia decreased by 51.46%, 53.87% and 54.46%, respectively, for both genders globally. We showed that DALYs of children leukemia is 155.98 (95%UI 127.18, 182.64) for global male, however, global female leukemia DALYs is 117.65(95%UI 102.07, 132.70). We also observed that in the two most representative regions of East Asia and Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa in 2019. In most regions, indicators (mortality, and DALYs) declined steadily with Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) decreased.
Conclusions
Despite the observed decline in the incidence, mortality, and DALYs of leukemia over the last three decades, the burden of childhood and adolescent leukemia remains high, particularly in areas with lower SDI.
The microscopic structure and hydrogen bonding interactions between 1- acetoxymethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and DMSO
Authors: Jiang Yuxin , Zhao Peng , Xu Xianzhen , Liu Xiaohui , Zhou Yu
Published: June 2023

Ester-functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) are widely applied in electrochemistry, separation, reduction and extraction, but there are few basic researches on them. This study investigates the hydrogen bonding interaction between the ester-functionalized ILs and DMSO, as well as compares it to the ethyl acetate − DMSO (CH3COOCH2CH3 − DMSO) system. Experimental and quantum chemical calculation sections were employed for this purpose. The results demonstrate that: (1) The hydrogen bonding interactions in the 1-acetoxymethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (AOMMIMBF4 − DMSO) and 1-acetoxyethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (AOEMIMBF4 − DMSO) systems are stronger than that in CH3COOCH2CH3 − DMSO system. (2) AOMMIMBF4 − DMSO and AOEMIMBF4 − DMSO systems showed comparable interactions. (3) The complexes were identified by the excess spectra and quantum chemical calculations, which are 2AOMMIMBF4, 2AOMMIMBF4 − DMSO, AOMMIMBF4 − DMSO and [AOMMIM]+−DMSO complexes, respectively. This study provides further insights into the hydrogen bonding interactions between ester-functionalized IL and DMSO, which is make for further applications of ester-functionalized ILs.
Prevalence and risk factors for newborn anemia in southwestern Uganda: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Ngonzi Joseph , Tibaijuka Leevan , Kintu Timothy Mwanje , Kihumuro Raymond Bernard , Onesmus Ahabwe , Onesmus Byamukama , Adong Julian , Salongo Wasswa , Boatin Adeline A. , Bebell Lisa M.
Published: June 2023

Introduction:
The global prevalence of anemia in pregnancy is about 42%, and in sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of newborn anemia ranges from 25–30%. Anemia in newborn babies may cause complications such as delayed brain maturation and arrested growth. However, there is limited data on prevalence of newborn anemia and its risk factors in people living in resource-limited settings.
Objectives
We determined the prevalence and risk factors for newborn anemia and its correlation with maternal anemia in southwestern Uganda.
Methods
This was a prospective cohort study of 352 pregnant women presenting to Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital for delivery. We collected maternal blood in labor and umbilical cord blood from the placental vein, as a proxy for newborn hemoglobin. We estimated hemoglobin using a point-of-care Hemocue machine. We used summary statistics to characterize the cohort, and compared demographic characteristics and outcomes using Chi-square, t-test, and Wilcoxon Ranksum analyses. We defined newborn anemia as umbilical cord hemoglobin < 13g/dl and estimated the relationship between maternal and umbilical cord hemoglobin using linear regression analysis, adjusting for potential confounders.
Results
The prevalence of newborn anemia was 17%. The average maternal parity was significantly higher for anemic and non-anemic newborns (3.5 versus 2.8, P = 0.01). Mean age [SD] was significantly lower for participants with umbilical cord hemoglobin < 13g/dl than those > = 13 g/dl, (26 [5.6] versus 28 [6.3], P = 0.01). In multivariable linear regression analysis, a 1-point decrease in maternal hemoglobin was associated with a 0.14-point decrease in umbilical cord hemoglobin (P = 0.02). Each one-unit increase in maternal parity was associated with a 0.25-point decrease in umbilical cord hemoglobin (P = 0.01). Cesarean delivery was associated with a 0.46-point lower umbilical cord hemoglobin level compared to vaginal delivery (P = 0.03).
Conclusions
We found a significant correlation between maternal and newborn hemoglobin levels, underscoring the importance of preventing and correcting maternal anemia in pregnancy. Furthermore, maternal anemia should be considered a risk factor neonatal anemia.
Adherence to changing guidelines among real-world early breast cancer patient in Finland over two decades
Authors: Aromaa-Häyhä Annikki , Auvinen Päivi , Malila Nea , Kataja Vesa
Published: June 2023

Purpose: The incidence of breast cancer has increased and many of them are detected with favorable tumor characteristics and alongside the aging of the population in older age. At the same time, the adjuvant treatment recommendations have been extended to cover even more patient sub-groups. This raises the question of how closely the guidelines can and will be followed in daily practice.
Methods: Data from 803 primary early breast cancer patients in one university hospital district in Finland during two decades from 1992 to 2011 was retrieved from the Finnish Cancer Registry and combined with data from the Mass Screening Registry. The implementation of new systemic treatment and the adherence to the existing national guidelines was analyzed using multivariate logistic models.
Results: The proportion of patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy increased from 19.3% to 52.2% and with adjuvant endocrine therapy from 26.6% to 74.5%. Also, the proportion of patients with a guideline-based indication for systemic adjuvant treatment increased from 43.8% to 98.9% but the adherence to guidelines decreased from 88.2% to 70.1% in the most recent years of the study.
Conclusions: New systemic treatments of early breast cancer were promptly adopted to clinical practice at the beginning of the 21st century. However, at the same time adherence to the existing guidelines decreased significantly. The risk of undertreatment was especially high among elderly patients. As the treatment indications expand, more patient related individual consideration will be exercised in treatment decisions increasing the probability of undertreatment with respect to the guidelines.
Genome-wide analysis of UDP-glycosyltransferase gene family and identification of a flavonoid 7-O-UGT (AhUGT75) enhancing abiotic stress in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Ouyang Lei , Liu Yue , Yao Ruonan , He Dongli , Yan Liying , Chen Yuning , Huai Dongxin , Wang Zhihui , Yu Bolun , Kang Yanping , Jiang Huifang , Lei Yong , Liao Boshou , Wang Xin
Published: June 2023

Background
Glycosylation, catalyzed by UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT), was important for enhancing solubility, bioactivities, and diversity of flavonoids. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oilseed and cash crop worldwide. In addition to provide high quality of edible oils and proteins, peanut seeds contain a rich source of flavonoid glycosides that benefit human health. However, information of UGT gene family was quite limited in peanut.
Results
In present study, a total of 267 AhUGTs clustered into 15 phylogenetic groups were identified in peanut genome. Group I has greatly expanded to contain the largest number of UGT genes. Segmental duplication was the major driving force for AhUGT gene family expansion. Transcriptomic analysis of gene expression profiles in various tissues and under different abiotic stress treatments indicated AhUGTs are involved in peanut growth and abiotic stress response. AhUGT75 (UGT73CG33), located in mitochondria, was characterized as a flavonoid 7-O-UGT by in vitro enzyme assays. The transcript level of AhUGT75 was strongly induced by abiotic stress. Overexpression of AhUGT75 resulted in accumulating less amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide, and enhancing tolerance against drought and/or salt stress in transgenic Arabidopsis, indicating AhUGT75 played important roles in conferring abiotic stress tolerance through reactive oxygen species scavenging.
Conclusions
Our research only not provides valuable information for functional characterization of UGTs in peanut, but also gives new insights into potential applications in breeding new cultivars with both desirable stress tolerance and health benefits.
Optimization, Isolation, Purification, and Characterization of a Thermally Stable, Acidophilic Cellulase from Aspergillus awamori AFE1 for Industrial and Biotechnological Applications
Authors: Afe Ayoola Ebenezer , Lawal Olusola Tosin , Oyelere Bukola Rukayat , Bamidele Olufemi Samuel , Sanni David Morakinyo
Published: June 2023

The ceaseless quest for economical cellulase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes cellulose, has led to exploring diverse environments, such as insect guts. In this study, we report the optimization of cellulase production and isolation, purification, and characterization of cellulose-degrading enzymes from Aspergillus awamori AFE1. Aspergillus awamori AFE1 was screened for its cellulase-degrading ability, and molecular and phylogenetic analyses of the isolate were performed. Two activity peaks were observed during ion exchange chromatography. A final purification fold of 0.86 and 1.86 with a recovery of 0.18% and 0.44% were achieved for cellulase A and B, respectively; molecular weight of 48.5 KDa and 36.5 KDa for A and B, respectively. The optimum pH of 5.0 was observed for both purified cellulases, and both were stable at an acidic pH of 4.0. An optimum temperature of 60 oC for CA and dual optimum temperatures of 60 and 70 oC were obtained for CB, while both were stable at 30 oC with 63 and 61% residual activity after 2 h, respectively. Fe2+ stimulated both cellulase activity, whereas Zn2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, K+, and Na+ inhibited cellulase activity. Similarly, urea, ascorbic acid, and EDTA inhibited the enzyme. The enzymes were stable in the presence of some organic solvents. The Km and Vmax values were found to be 3.86 mM and 0.3159 mg/ml/min, 4.12 mM, and 0.223 mg/ml/min for the enzyme. The remarkable and unique physicochemical properties of cellulases from Aspergillus awamori AFE1 could be exploited for industrial and biotechnological applications.
Comparison of Diagnostic Performance, Semiquantitative Analysis, and Staging Performance of [18F]FAPI-42 and 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT in Lymph Node Metastases
Authors: Mu Xingyu , Huang Jinquan , Li Meng , Jiang Zewen , Jia Lulu , Zhao Haibo , Lv Zhongyuan , Fu Wei
Published: June 2023

Background
This study was to compare the diagnostic performance, semiquantitative analysis, and staging performance of [18F]-labelled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor ([18F]FAPI-42) and 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose(2-[18F]FDG) PET/CT in lymph node (LN) metastases.
Methods
From the detection of metastatic LNs, the semiquantitative value of the LN metastases, and the evaluation of N staging, a retrospective analysis of 56 patients diagnosed with LNs metastases who underwent [18F]FAPI-42 and 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT scans within a week for staging or restaging was performed. We analyzed, and compared the diagnostic performance and SUVmax of primary tumors and recurrent lesions, as well as the SUVmax, TBR, and diagnostic performance of metastatic LNs between [18F]FAPI-42 and 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT.
Results
A total of 216 metastatic LNs from 56 patients were detected and semi-quantitatively analyzed. Compared to 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT, [18F]FAPI-42 PET/CT presented a better diagnostic performance based on patients (98.2% vs. 92.9%, P = 0.364), based on lesions (87.5% vs. 78.7%, P = 0.015). Regarding semiquantitative analysis, the SUVmax of LNs metastases on [18F]FAPI-42 PET/CT presented higher uptake than that on 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT (SUVmax 5.0 vs. 3.9, P = 0.002). For differentiating metastatic LNs to normal LNs, the SUVmax of [18F]FAPI-42 in metastatic LNs was significantly higher in the non-metastatic LNs (SUVmax, 5.0 vs. 1.2, P < 0.001). Comparing the management of N staging between two tracers, [18F]FAPI-42 estimated precisely more patients than 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT (83.9% vs. 78.4%, P = 0.468).
Conclusion
[18F]FAPI-42 PET/CT showed superior diagnostic performance, the quantitative capability of metastatic LNs, and the management of N staging in patients with cancers compared to 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT.
Global Research Status and Trends of Tibial plateau fracture Over the Past 28 Years: A Historical Review and Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Yan Hongsong , Yu Yifan , Hu Minhua , Luo Weidong , Huang Feng , Ge Hao
Published: June 2023

Background:Tibial plateau fracture (TPF) is a complex intraarticular fracture that has been extensively researched. However, there has been a lack of bibliometric studies investigating global research trends in TPF. This study aims to analyze the knowledge framework, research hotspots, and thematic trends in the field of TPF research.
Methods: Scientific outputs related to TPF from 1994 to 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. Three bibliometric tools, namely CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and an online analytical platform, were employed for the analysis. The main analyses encompassed contributions from countries, publication and citation counts, institutions, authors, funding agencies, and journals, as well as keyword clustering.
Results: A total of 884 articles were identified, and the number of annual publications on TPF exhibited a generally upward trend. China emerged as the most prominent contributor with the highest number of publications, while the United States had the largest H-index. Hebei Medical University made the most significant investment in this field. Professors Zhang Yingze, Luo Congfeng, Egol Kenneth A, and Chen Wei emerged as core authors in this field. The most productive journal was Injury-International Journal of the Care of the Injured. The keywords were clustered into six groups: Epidemiology and prognosis, Internal fixation and complications, Surgical protocol and finite element analysis, Diagnosis and new techniques, Complex fracture types, and Bone graft. These clusters showed a trend of balanced and diversified development. The ongoing outbreak keywords included "debris," "classification," "trauma," "posterolateral fracture," and "risk factors," which were considered as future research hotspots deserving more attention.
Conclusions:Surgical protocols and bone defect filling materials for complex types of TPF have received increasing attention from orthopedic surgeons. It is anticipated that these research topics will continue to be significant and hold a prominent position in the near future.
Cyclin D1·Cdk4 regulates neuronal activity through phosphorylation of GABAA receptors
Authors: Pedraza Neus , Monserrat Maria Ventura , Ferrezuelo Francisco , Torres-Rosell Jordi , Colomina Neus , Miguez-Cabello Federico , Picañol-Párraga Javier , Soto David , López-Merino Esperanza , García-Vilela Celia , Esteban Jose Antonio , Egea Joaquim , GARI ELOI
Published: June 2023

Nuclear Cyclin D1 (Ccnd1) is a main regulator of cell cycle progression and cell proliferation. Interestingly, Ccnd1 moves to the cytoplasm at the onset of differentiation in neuronal precursors. However, the cytoplasmic functions and targets of Ccnd1 in post-mitotic neurons are unknown. Here we identify the α4 subunit of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptors (GABAARs) as an interactor and target of Ccnd1·Cdk4. Ccnd1 binds to an intracellular loop in α4 and, together with Cdk4, phosphorylates the α4 subunit at threonine 423 and serine 431. These modifications upregulate α4 surface levels and increase the activity of α4-containing GABAARs, measured in whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. In agreement with this role of Ccnd1·Cdk4 in neuronal signaling, inhibition of Cdk4 or expression of the non-phosphorylatable α4 decrease synaptic and extrasynaptic currents in the hippocampus of newborn rats. Moreover, according to α4 functions in synaptic pruning, CCND1 knockout mice display an altered pattern of dendritic spines that is rescued by the phosphomimetic α4. Overall, our findings molecularly link Ccnd1·Cdk4 to GABAARs activity in the central nervous system and highlight a novel role for this G1 cyclin in neuronal signaling.
Exploring single nucleotide polymorphisms in the KCNQ1 gene associated with cardiac disorders
Authors: Rida Mariam , Shahzadi Tabinda , Nathaniel Sammar
Published: June 2023

Voltage gated potassium ion channels play a crucial role in the proper functioning of excitable cells, the appropriate secretion of hormones and neurotransmitters and especially in the maintenance of cardiac function. Among these channels, KCNQ1 channel has significant importance in modulating the action potential, in facilitating dynamic cellular repolarization of cardiac tissues and in regulating the water and salt balance in various tissues throughout the human body. The differential activity of KCNQ1 channels in these tissues is facilitated by accessory proteins and modulating factors that modify the properties of the KCNQ1 channel. KCNQ1 is different from other potassium ion channels as it has the ability to act as either a voltage-dependent channel that requires membrane depolarization for its activation or a fundamentally active channel. Mutations including indels and single nucleotide polymorphisms in the KCNQ1 gene result in dysfunction of the channel causing a number of different disorders and syndromes including short and long QT disorders, Jervell-Lange Nielsen Syndrome, Romano-Ward Syndrome and familial atrial fibrillation. This article reviews the unique structural and functional properties, the diverse physiological roles of KCNQ1 channel with a major focus on the mutational spectrum of the KCNQ1 gene, its implications and the therapeutic approaches being employed to manage the resultant disorders.
‘Social’ versus ‘Asocial’ cells--- Dynamic Competition Flux Balance Analysis
Authors: Liu Yanhua , Westerhoff Hans
Published: June 2023

In multicellular organisms, different cell types compete for resources or growth factors, endangering cellular diversity as well as co-existence. To address this, we developed ‘dynamic cell-cell competition FBA’ (dcFBA). With total biomass synthesis as objective, we found that lower-growth-yield cell types face extinction even when they synthesized mutually required metabolic commodities. Signal transduction between cells promoted co-existence, when turning the cells into mutually regulatory and responsive ‘social cells’. Mutants with specific growth rate but intact signal transduction did not outgrow others. However, loss of its social characteristics enabled a mutant to dominate the other cell types with higher specific growth rates and bring those to extinction. A corollary is that cancer arises from reduced sensitivity to regulatory factors rather than enhanced specific growth rates. Therapies reinforcing cells’ cross-regulation, perhaps through alternative signaling routes, may therefore be more effective than those targeting replication rates.
First Case of Female Prune Belly Syndrome Following In Vitro Fertilization-Induced Pregnancy: A Rare Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Alkhawaldeh Ibraheem M. , Jaradat Jaber Husam , Al-Jafari Mohammad , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. , Alrahamneh Samer Irshaid
Published: June 2023

Prune belly syndrome (PBS) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by a triad of abdominal flaccidity, varying degrees of urinary system involvement, and cryptorchidism. The exact cause of PBS is unknown. Clinical symptoms can range from stillbirth to significant renal and respiratory abnormalities to almost normal children. Treatment typically involves surgical repair of the abdominal wall defect and urinary tract abnormalities, early orchiopexy, and supportive management of related problems. We report the first case of a female newborn with PBS following in vitro fertilization-induced pregnancy with a comprehensive systematic review of all relevant cases.
Performance Evaluation of Domain Isolation Multi-controller in Software Defined Networking Architecture on Mininet
Authors: Prakoso Dino Budi , Salman Muhammad , Sari Riri Fitri , Djemame Karim
Published: June 2023

The growing digitalization of the automotive, transportation, urban mobility, and telecommunications industries highlights the significance of point-to-multipoint communication services. These services are essential for maximizing the efficiency of hardware and software resources and ensuring that users consistently receive software updates and communications. In order to implement precise and dependable point-to-multipoint distribution services within the network, software-defined networking (SDN) is used. SDN controllers like RYU, Floodlight, and others have become the de facto standard for operating these kinds of networks. An SDN multi-controller's efficiency greatly affects the underlying SDN infrastructure network's adaptability and capabilities. This research applied of Mininet emulator to develop a multi-controller SDN architecture with a Fat-Tree topology and two RYU controllers. Throughput, latency, and round-trip time are some of the node-to-node performance metrics that will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of a Domain Isolation Multi-controller network architecture.
The Single and Interactive Effects of Aluminium and Low Ph, or Ca/al Ratios on Growth of Red Pine Seedlings
Authors: SHAN YUNFENG
Published: June 2023

Acid deposition has been one of the major environmental pollution problems for longer than 50 years, since the 1970s. Investigation on the interaction of aluminum (Al) and low pH effects on red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. and Zucc.) has been required but lacking. In the present study, needles of red pine seedlings exposed to Al treatments with solution pH 4.0 and 3.5 exhibited purplish leaf characteristics of Al toxicity. The dry weights of the needle and whole plant, and the current needle elongation were linearly reduced with Al concentrations from 0, 13 to 26 ppm. Results show that red pine is an intermediate species in sensitivity to Al and is insensitive to low pH. However, the synergistic interactions of low pH treatments with the elevated Al were significant. Al toxicity to the root elongation, needle matter production, and needle elongation of red pine was significantly enlarged with reduced pH. The root length and whole plant length were significantly decreased at 1:10 of Ca/Al ratios (p < 0.05). Al phytotoxicity was completely lost when the Ca/Al molar ratio was 10:1. Liming is still an applicable measure to remediate acidification problems by natural or anthropogenic factors such as acid deposition.
Investigation of the Effects of Mebendazole on the Caspase-mediated Apoptosis Mechanism in Cancer Cell Culture
Authors: ŞAHİN MAHMUT , KARA Haki
Published: June 2023

This study was conducted to compare mebendazole in terms of its apoptosis-inducing and tubulin-inhibitory effects when combined with vincristine and paclitaxel, both of which are used in cancer treatment Lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5) and small cell lung carcinoma (NCI-H209) cell lines were used in the study. Concentrations of mebendazole, vincristine, and paclitaxel at 0.5 µM, 1 µM, 1.5 µM, and 2 µM were separately applied to these cell lines, as well as in combinations. After the cells were kept in the culture medium for 24 hours following drug administration, cell proliferation, apoptotic DNA levels, caspase 3, 8, and 9 levels, and in-vitro wound healing experiments were performed. It was determined that mebendazole suppressed cell proliferation and cell healing, increased caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 levels and apoptotic DNA formation in NCI-H209 cancer lung cells. Compared to the groups given mebendazole and vincristine alone, it was observed that cell proliferation was more suppressed and, the level of apoptosis increased in cancerous cells in the groups given the combination of the two drugs. According to the findings obtained from our study, we believe that mebendazole may possess therapeutic activity against cancerous lung cells (NCI-H209) due to its apoptosis-inducing and cell proliferation-suppressive effects.
GGH is a potential prognostic and immunotherapeutic biomarker in gliomas and promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human glioma cells
Authors: Xu Yang , Yan Zheng , Hou Chengshan , Teng Hong , Shi Jianwei , Fu Rui , Zhang Yuhai
Published: June 2023

Gramma-glutamyl-hydrolase (GGH) has been implicated in antitumor resistance and unfavourable prognosis across various tumour types. However, the potential role and mechanism of GGH in gliomas remain poorly understood. We undertook the bioinformatics analysis to systematically explore the correlation between GGH expression and prognosis, clinical features, immune cell infiltration, tumor microenvironment and biological functions in the TGGA database. Subsequently, we performed knockdown and overexpression experiments on two gliomas cell lines (U251 and A299) and verified their expression stability using Western blotting assay. Cell function assays, including EdU immunofluorescence, colony formation, transwell assay and wound-healing assay, were conducted to investigate the impact of GGH expression on proliferation, invasion and migration of glioma cells in vitro. Additionally, a subcutaneous xenograft experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of GGH expression on tumor growth in vivo. GGH was highly expressed in gliomas and correlated with poor prognosis, clinic features and the microenvironment of gliomas. Cell function assays manifested that overexpression of GGH promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells, while knockdown of GGH had the opposite effect. In vivo xenograft experiments showed that GGH knockdown suppressed the growth rate of gliomas. We identified GGH as a relevant biomarker for the malignant behaviors of gliomas and it holds great promise in therapeutic strategy and prognostic evaluation.
Effectof application cycle of beta-cypermethrin nano-emulsion and common emulsifiable concentrate on Comparative study on the activity of resistance-related enzymes of Blattella Germany
Authors: Shen Yan , Li Qiong , Fang Fujin , Yang Chuanli , Yu Dong , Shen Xiaobing
Published: June 2023

Objective: To investigate the effects of different application cycles of beta-cypermethrin nano-emulsion and beta-cypermethrin common emulsion on the activities of resistance-related enzymes in Blattella Germany.
Methods: Blattella Germany was treated with micro-drop method, and the enzyme activity of Blattella germanica was measured at different time after 18 days. The enzyme activities of Blattella Germany were determined by spectrophotometry, and the relationship between enzyme activities and application cycle of beta-cypermethrin nano-emulsion and beta-cypermethrin common emulsion was studied by contour analysis.
Results: The profiles of acetylcholinesterase (AchE), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and P450-O demethylase activities of Blattella Germany exposed to beta-cypermethrin nanoemulsion and beta-cypermethrin conventional emulsion were not parallel (F values were 174.025,1 017.969 and 1 364.271, respectively, P<0.001).
Conclusion: The effects of beta-cypermethrin nano-emulsion and beta-cypermethrin common emulsion on the activities of AchE, GST and P450-O demethylase in Blattella Germany were different, and the profiles were neither parallel nor overlapped.
Communications：87 dingjiaqiao, gulou district, nanjing city, jiangsu province, China
Latent Drug Recognition Using Fuzzy Matching in Sequential Analysis of Full-Text Health Related Publications: Case of a Health Dissemination tool in a developing country
Authors: Mulunda Christine K. , Wagacha Peter W. , Muchemi Lawrence
Published: June 2023

Health related discoveries are mainly published as journal publications and the rate at which they are generated increases as new information and discoveries emerge. Discovery of latent medically-related terms in a document corpus is a challenging task where the researcher is not an expert in that domain and a viable database of medicine related words is not readily available. The study focused on investigating methodologies and best practises that will enable discovery of latent drug terms found in health publications corpus for effective dissemination at county and national levels. Fuzzy matching methodology was considered for its near and exact matching algorithms. DrugBank dataset was chosen as reference for drug terms because of its comprehensive list of drugs, that are frequently updated and freely accessible. Semi-supervised learning was applied in modelling of multi-search medical terms on an hourly basis. drug name Recognition, Sentence Categorization and Information Retrieval are among the features described in the presented model.