bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indicadores de boas práticas na assistência neonatal ao parto em maternidade terciária em Fortaleza
Authors: Patrício Mara Larissa Alves Marques , Paes Liliana Soares Nogueira , Castro Eveline Campos Monteiro de , Barreto Gerly Anne Nóbrega , Patrício Marcos Paulo Fernandes
Published: October 2021

Objetivos: Avaliar a aplicação das boas práticas na assistência neonatal em maternidade terciária. Metodologia: Estudo observacional transversal retrospectivo de base hospitalar, com análise dos neonatos elegíveis para boas práticas nascidos entre 01/01/2017 e 30/06/2017. Resultados: avaliaram-se 2.481 nascimentos e 1.930 pacientes foram elegíveis. Desses, 46.9% nasceram de partos vaginais e 53.1% de cesáreas; 1038 eram do sexo masculino (52.5%) e 88 neonatos, gemelares. Encontrou-se peso médio ao nascer de 3134 ± 539 gramas e idade gestacional média de 38.54 ± 1.8 semanas. Realizou-se clampeamento do cordão entre 1 a 3 minutos em 79,4%, contato pele a pele em 66,7% e amamentação na primeira hora de vida em 44,3% dos nativivos elegíveis. Conclusão: a adesão quanto ao clampeamento oportuno do cordão umbilical foi alta, no entanto, observou-se menor adesão ao contato pele a pele e à amamentação na 1ª hora de vida. As principais causas de não aplicabilidade foram prematuridade e comprometimento da vitalidade do recém-nascido. É importante disponibilizar mais profissionais, avaliar a indicação de prematuros tardios e sensibilizar a equipe e as mães da relevância das boas práticas para melhor adesão.
Gastrectomia vertical (Sleeve) em paciente pós-transplante hepático
Authors: Silva Mayara Magry Andrade da , Soares Carlos Eduardo Lopes , Pinto João Odilo Gonçalves , Sales Leonardo Adolpho de Sá , Pinheiro Fernando Antônio Siqueira , Garcia José Huygens Parente
Published: October 2021

Objetivos: Descrever o primeiro caso de cirurgia bariátrica (Gastrectomia Vertical - Sleeve) em paciente submetido a transplante hepático, para tratamento de obesidade grau III e esteatose severa do enxerto no Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio (HUWC). Metodologia: Após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa do HUWC, foram coletados no prontuário os seguintes dados pré e pós-operatórios: peso, altura, índice de massa corpórea (IMC), ultrassonografia (USG) de abdome, transaminases, perfil lipídico e metabólico. Resultados: Paciente, feminino, 62 anos, pós-operatório de transplante hepático, foi submetida a gastrectomia vertical (Sleeve) em junho de 2019 para tratamento de obesidade grau III (IMC 40,1). Biópsia hepática pré-operatória evidenciou esteatose hepática macrovesicular grave com USG compatível com esteatose severa e exames de função hepática discretamente elevados. Evoluiu no pós-operatório sem intercorrências, recebendo alta no 2º pós-operatório (PO). Durante seguimento ambulatorial houve perda de 24 kg em 5 meses e USG de abdome de controle evidenciou esteatose hepática leve. Provas de função hepática, perfil lipídio e metabólico encontravam-se dento dos padrões da normalidade. Conclusões: A obesidade é uma causa importante de disfunção de enxerto ortotópico de fígado. A cirurgia bariátrica configura como terapêutica segura e eficaz no tratamento da obesidade e esteatose hepática grave.
Analysis of processes in converter with eleven zone regulation output voltage
Authors: Mihaylenko V. , Chunyak J. , Bachinskiy V.
Published: October 2021

Analysis of the electromagnetic processes is organized beside this article in electric circuit with semiconductor commutator . Mathematical model is created for analysis electro-magnetic processes in semiconductor converter with width pulsed regulation of the output voltage. The broughted graphs, which reflect the electromagnetic processes in electric circuit. Method much parametric functions was used when performing calculation. The mathematical model of the converter is created for eleven zoned regulations of the output voltage. Article is devoted to the development of a method of multi-parametric modulating functions by means of working out of new mathematical models and definition of functions and the algorithmic equations for the analysis on sub- system components of electromagnetic processes in electric circuits of variable structure with sinusoidal, direct and pulsing voltage. Introduction of functions with discrete parameters in the algorithmic equations for analysis of processes in circuits with semiconductor commutators simplifies modeling on subsystem components. The mathematical model of steady-state processes and transients in electric circuits of semiconductor converters of modulation type with multi-channel zonal use of phase and line voltages of a three-phase network of power supplies is developed. The mathematical model of electric circuits of thyristor shapers of electro-discharge pulses for the analysis and the matching of capacitors charging modes with decrease several times of electric resistance of technological load is also created. The obtained results have a great value for development theoretical electrical engineering in a direction of simplification of calculations of electromagnetic processes in electric circuits with semi-conductor converters of the electric power. The Electromagnetic processes in electric circuit under width- pulse regulation possible to analyse with use the algorithmic equations multivariable function, which argument are a system parameters semiconductor commutator, signal of control, phases to network of the power supply and time. Introduction multivariable function with discrete parameter in algorithmic equations of the analysis formed and connecting processes in electric circuit of the variable structure allows to reflect change of this structure under system components, simplifying modeling and analysis of such processes to account of the generalization of the got equations. Except specified correlations and diagrams designed model allows to analyse forms of the output voltages and current of the separate power modules.
Complex design of multi-machine electromechanical system of wind generators
Authors: Popovych О. , Listovshchyk L. , Kribaa А.
Published: October 2021

The direction of modernization of the wind power plant is substantiated, which is aimed at a comprehensive increase in energy efficiency and resource conservation. Taking into account the reasons for the destruction of the teeth of the gear, a constructive scheme of a single-stage gearbox with several output shafts is proposed. This scheme allows you to distribute the output power to several electric machines, which, in turn, reduces the mechanical stress in the area of contact of the teeth of the gears and gears of the output shafts. Due to the division of the output power into several machines, the mass and dimensions of the gearbox are also reduced. The uniformity of power distribution on the shafts can be violated by the discrepancy between the parameters of gears, electromagnetic and mechanical parameters of electric machines. In the proposed design scheme, the uniformity of energy flows along the shafts is ensured by a sequential connection of the phases of the stator windings of electric generators.
SOLAR RADIATION PROTECTION SYSTEM WITH SIMULTANEOUS HOT WATER SUPPLY
Authors: Puhoviy І. , Makhrov М.
Published: October 2021

Problems. Windows in the summer let through a large amount of solar energy into the room, which causes an additional cost of cooling the air by conditioning. It is known that the limit of comfort is the temperature of 26 oC. To reduce the temperature, use air conditioners, which are required 0,3...0,5 kW of electrical power for 10 m2

of housing. The study deals with the capture of solar energy by water and its use for domestic water purposes (DHW).
The goal of the research. Experimental verification of patented developments and calculations of hot water quantity obtained per day, energy savings and economic indicators.
Methods of implementation. Experiments were conducted on the south window of the room, with water pumping by a pump and periodic measurement of air and water temperatures at the outlet of the system by mercury thermometer. The calculations were performed using the methods developed by the authors. The studies were conducted within three days of November. The temperature inside ranged a room from 19 to 23 °C. The system was operated in circulating mode on a water battery tank located below the absorber. Isolation of the absorber from the side of the room was made of a transparent food film.
Research results. Water temperature reached 45 °C per 1,5-2 hours. Water consumption is enhanced by the thermosiphon effect when water moves from the bottom up. On a clear day of spring and autumn, you can heat for 50-70 % more water than the average for the average day of months of the warm season. For preparing DHW with 1 m2 of absorber, it is possible to get 45-50 kW∙h of heat for each month from March to September, taking into account cloudiness. The savings from the use of hot water and from reducing the consumption of electricity in the air conditioner are calculated.
Conclusions. The payback period of the system, taking into account the cost of the heat for DHW and electricity savings for an electric air conditioner, is approximately 4-5 years. The cost of the system is close to the cost of a home air conditioner, for a premise with a single window oriented south. To the energy-saving factor, an additional advantage is the environmental friendliness of the system compared to the air conditioner.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS FOR FORECASTING ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION BY SOLAR POWER PLANTS
Authors: Matushkin D. , Bosak А. , Kulakovskyi L.
Published: October 2021

The new model of the wholesale electricity market in Ukraine causes appearance the market for the day ahead. In this market, the generating company undertakes to supply a certain amount of electricity. So, it is necessary to carry on the most accurate forecast of possible electricity generation by solar power plant (SPP). Generation value depends on certain factors. A brief summary of different influence of parameters on the PV cell performance has been provided. The article analyzes and identifies the factors that should be included in the forecast mathematical model of electricity generation by a solar power plant for a certain short-term period. According to analyzed data from SPP located in the Kyiv region, such parameters are the intensity of solar radiation, temperature and humidity, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure. The degree of influence of these factors on the initial function of electric energy generation were estimated by analyzing the scatter plot diagrams of relationship between parameters and correlation coefficients. Thus, the analysis of the influence of factors on the magnitude of electricity generation allowed to determine the priority of including each of the parameters in the mathematical model of the SPP power forecast. It was established that the influence of certain climate parameters for target function is different in each season. Therefore, in the mathematical model for forecasting electric power generation, it is necessary to take into account seasonality. In addition, the dynamic value change of factors also affects the current magnitude of electricity generation. Moreover, at different times of the year and with different combination of the corresponding values of climatic parameters, this effect may have different magnitudes. Therefore, the data obtained from the last periods before the forecasting should have a greater impact on obtaining the predicted value than the data from previous periods.
HEAT AERODYNAMIC EFFICIENCY OF HEATING SURFACES FOR COOLING OF ELECTRONIC DEVICE ELEMENTS
Authors: Terekh A. , Rogachov V. , Baranyuk A. , Zhukova Yu. , Rudenko A.
Published: October 2021

In the article a comparative analysis of the thermal aerodynamic efficiency of small-sized heat-exchange surfaces (radiators) with different types of fins under conditions of forced convection is carried out. In this article are descried surfaces with plate finning, plate-split finning, needle-pin finning and mesh-wire. The compared surfaces have approximately the same overall dimensions, the fins are placed on a flat basis with a size of 70x70 mm, and the height of the fins is 35 mm. The dissipated thermal power and cooling flow velocity vary, respectively,

from 20 to 80 W and from 1,5 to 10 m/s, and the aerodynamic drag change from 5 to 75 Pa. Surfaces with plate and plate-cut fins with step between fins 6,9 mm; 5,0 mm; 2,5 mm, fin thickness 1,4 mm; 0,55mm, cutting depth of the fin 14 mm; 21 mm; 28mm and the angles of rotation of the sections of edges to the incoming stream 30° and 45° were investigated. The following performance criteria are used: surface overheating temperature relative to the ambient temperature and complex parameter αпр·Y, which takes into account the geometric and thermo physical characteristics of the surfaces. Comparative analysis showed that incomplete cutting of the plate fins and rotation of their parts at a certain angle to the cooling flow leads to an increase in thermodynamic efficiency. The highest thermal efficiency among the plate-cut surfaces is the surface with relative cutting depth hc/h = 0,6, without rotation of the sections of edges (j = 0 °), the step between the edges s = 2,5 mm and the thickness of the edges δ = 0,55 mm. Its efficiency is (20 - 35) % higher than that of a smooth-finned surface with parameters hc/h = 0; j= 0, s = 2,5 mm, δ = 0,55 mm. Compared to plate-cut surfaces having other finning parameters, their efficiency is on average higher by (50 - 65) %. The needle-surface surface is slightly higher than the plate-fined surface with s = 6,9 mm, δ = 1,4 mm and s = 5,0 mm, δ = 0,55 mm, however, lower by (15 - 25) % plate- cutting surfaces having an intercostal step of 6,9 mm and 5,0 mm, fin thicknesses of 1,4 mm and 0,55 mm, angles of rotation 30°, 45° and depth of cut 14 mm; 21 mm; 28 mm. The worst results in thermodynamic efficiency showed a mesh surface.
Трибологічний аналіз системи «друкарська форма глибокого методу друку—відбиток»
Authors: Зоренко Оксана Володимирівна , Стефанишена Ольга Борисівна , Хохлова Розалія Анатоліївна , Штефан Євгеній Васильович
Published: October 2021

Розглянуто тенденції розвитку глибокого друку, зокрема, на гнучкому пакованні (найбільш використовувані методи друку, витратні матеріали, види та структура друкарських форм, формне устаткування).
Здійснено трибологічний аналіз зони друкарського контакту та розроблено модель взаємодії основних триботехнічних елементів системи «Друкарська форма—відбиток».
Увиразнено чинники впливу на тиражостійкість ДФ глибокого друку та розроблено їх класифікацію. Визначено ступінь впливу зношування друкарської форми на якість друку (якість нанесення гальванопокриття при виготовленні ДФ, друкарсько-експлуатаційні характеристики друкарських фарб, задруковуваного матеріалу, ракеля, режимні параметри формного та друкарського процесу).
Розроблено класифікаційні схеми ДФ, формного обладнання глибокого друку, алгоритм оптимального процесу виготовлення ДФ з використанням лазерного гравіювання.
Movimiento educativo, mujeres desde la agroecología hasta la psicología rural en México, entrevista con Carmen Álvarez Ávila
Authors: Pimentel-Aguilar Silvia
Published: October 2021

La Dra Carmen Álvarez Ávila, Profesora Investigadora Titular del Colegio de Postgraduados en Ciencias Agrícolas, Campus Veracruz, cursó la carrera de Ingeniería Química en la Universidad Nacional de Autónoma de México (1967), maestría en Maestría en Ciencias en Edafología en el Colegio de Postgraduados (1981) y doctorado en Ciencias en Planificación y Gestión de Proyectos para el Desarrollo Rural Sustentable, en la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, España (2008). Sus vivencias en distintos movimientos sociales en diferentes etapas de su vida, le permitieron reconocer su equilibrio humano. En 7 ocasiones ha sido reconocida entre los 100 académicos distinguidos del Colegio de Postgraduados. En el 2013, la Alianza de Mujeres en Agroecología-Aliance of Women in Agroecology (AMA-AWA) la reconocieron como Agroecóloga Distinguida. Recibió el reconocimiento por su trayectoria profesional y sus aportaciones al sector agrícola en las áreas de educación, investigación y vinculación con la sociedad rural en el Campus Veracruz-Colegio de Postgraduados (2016), entre otros muchos reconocimientos por sus aportaciones al campo de la ciencia y educación. Su labor en el campo de la educación en las áreas rurales con mujeres a nivel comunitario y de Postgrado, con alumnado de distintas áreas desde la agroecología, la pedagogía e incluyendo la psicología, con metodología de investigación-Acción-Participativa. Con grandes aportaciones de investigaciones con mujeres rurales acerca del patio familiar, su rescate cultural alimentario, recursos naturales, y su relación con la nutrición, trabajando con la Fundación Rockefeller. Su trabajo educativo y en redes le han permitido propagar la relevancia del patio familiar en la cultura y educación comunitaria, considerando incluso a su alumnado de postgrado en psicología y relación con las mujeres en el campo de la agroecología.
A música e seu ensino: pedagogias invisíveis, outras janelas para o mundo
Authors: Brasil Anderson , Luiz Prudente Celso
Published: October 2021

Este ensaio se propõe a trazer à baila outras maneiras de aprender e ensinar música, tendo como objeto, a revisita de práticas musicais existentes em distintas partes do Brasil, as quais são invisibilizadas em díspares cursos de música. Nesta tessitura reflexiva, serão interpostas vivências e imersões conceituais adquiridas em contextos socioculturais diversos. Por meio de diálogos com teóricos basilares como Brandão (1983) e Prudente (2019), é objetivada a desconstrução da hegemonia da música ocidental frente aos saberes ancestrais dos povos tradicionais, os quais serão aqui os guardiões e mantenedores de práticas musicais emancipatórias, as quais se entrecruzam em diferentes dimensões do fazer e do ensinar música.
Palavras-chave: educação musical, educação popular, educação do campo.
 
Music and its teaching: invisible pedagogies, other windows to the world
ABSTRACT. This essay aims to bring to light other ways of learning and teaching music, with the object of revisiting musical practices existing in different parts of Brazil, which are invisible in disparate music courses. In this reflective weaving, experiences and conceptual immersions acquired in diverse sociocultural contexts will be interposed. Through dialogues with fundamental theorists such as Brandão (1983) and Prudente (2019), the deconstruction of the hegemony of Western music in relation to the ancestral knowledge of traditional peoples will be the guardians and maintainers of emancipatory musical practices, which intersect in different dimensions of making and teaching music.
Keywords: music education, popular education, rural education.
 
La música y su enseñanza: pedagogías invisibles, otras ventanas al mundo
RESUMEN. Este ensayo propone traer a colación otras formas de aprender y enseñar música, con el objeto de revisar las prácticas musicales existentes en diferentes partes de Brasil, que son invisibles en cursos de música dispares. En este tejido reflexivo se interpondrán experiencias e inmersiones conceptuales adquiridas en diversos contextos socioculturales. A través de diálogos con teóricos básicos como Brandão (1983) y Prudente (2019), se apunta a la deconstrucción de la hegemonía de la música occidental frente a los saberes ancestrales de los pueblos tradicionales, que serán aquí los guardianes y mantenedores de las prácticas musicales emancipadoras, que se cruzan en diferentes dimensiones del hacer y enseñar música.
Palabras clave: educación musical, educación popular, educación de campo.
Campos criativos pedagógico-musicais nas bordas da cidade negra, atravessada por urbanidades e escolaridades brancas
Authors: Doring Katharina
Published: October 2021

The author creates a dialogue between rural education and music education in (semi-)urban black contexts, to establish a triangulation between music education, the teaching of Afro-Brazilian history and culture and the specificities of rural, urban and peripheral in terms of diverse racial and sociocultural identities, which has been very little taken into account, both in the areas of music education and in the areas of rural education. The methodology takes place in two different moments, proposing a dialogue between a first experience of engaged research in music education, in the old neighborhood of Palafitas in Alagados – Uruguai in Salvador, and the current research project Koringoma (UNEB), directed by the author, which through the tools of qualitative research, has been dedicated to mapping and studying black musical and socio-educational territories in Salvador and region. The narrative connects with a kind of longitudinal research, which has been resuming and claiming the debate on a theory and practice of music education for over 20 years, based on the diverse sound and performance knowledge and roots of African identity. It also debates possible paths in education for the diversity of musicalities and corporeality in Bahia, questioning the separation between urbanity and rurality in rural education, with regard to peripheral black cultures and musicalities.
Educación en contextos rurales y la Psicología Rural: encuentros latinoamericanos
Authors: Ribeiro Luiz Paulo , Rojas-Andrade Rodrigo , Olivera-Mendez Alejandra
Published: October 2021

Llegamos a esta edición destacando aún la necesidad de divulgar las prácticas y problemas que enfrentan los profesionales de la psicología en la educación en contextos rurales. Esta divulgación, además de traer dificultades y ganancias a la pantalla, termina por visibilizar áreas de acción para los futuros profesionales de la psicología y sensibilizar sobre las desigualdades sociales, sobre los campos que necesitan acción y produciendo otros referentes para nuestro trabajo y nuestra ciencia en Nuestra América. Así, terminamos esta presentación esperando que el contacto del enfoque de la psicología rural con la educación en contextos rurales en América Latina sea una inspiración para todos los que nos lean.
Tecnoestrés en estudiantes de una universidad pública de la Amazonía peruana durante la pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Araoz Edwin Gustavo Estrada , Ramos Néstor Antonio Gallegos , Loayza Karl Herbert Huaypar , Valverde Yolanda Paredes , Herrera Rosel Quispe
Published: October 2021

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo describir el tecnoestrés de los estudiantes de la carrera profesional de Educación de una universidad pública de la Amazonía peruana durante la pandemia COVID-19. El enfoque fue cuantitativo, el diseño no experimental y el tipo de investigación, descriptivo transversal. La muestra fue constituida por 232 estudiantes a quienes se les aplicó el Cuestionario de Tecnoestrés, instrumento con adecuados niveles de confiabilidad y validez. Los resultados indican que los estudiantes se caracterizaban por tener niveles moderados de tecnoestrés. Asimismo, respecto a sus factores, se encontró que existían niveles bajos de tecnoansiedad y niveles moderados de tecnoadicción y tecnofatiga. Por otro lado, se determinó que algunas variables sociodemográficas como el sexo, el grupo etario y la condición laboral de los estudiantes se asociaba significativamente a los niveles de tecnoestrés. Se concluyó que es necesario que la universidad tome algunas medidas preventivas y correctivas que permitan disminuir la prevalencia de dicho padecimiento en los estudiantes. Asimismo, sería importante fomentar la desconexión digital para que ellos realicen actividades físicas, de atención a sus familias y socialización.
Artes e Educação do Campo: reflexões sobre a LEDOC da UFT/UFNT
Authors: Oliveira Rosa Adelina Sampaio , Miranda Cassia Ferreira , Araujo Gustavo Cunha de
Published: October 2021

This article aims to discuss the implementation and validity of the degree course in Rural Education, with specialization in Arts and Music, at the Federal University of Northern Tocantins (UFNT), in the Tocantinópolis campus. The course stands out for being one of the two existing courses in Brazil aimed at the formation of countryside educators to work specifically in the discipline of Art in Elementary and Secondary Education in rural schools. In the developed reflection, a qualitative approach of descriptive and documental character is used, performing an interpretative analysis of the researched data. Existing since 2014, the course has already graduated three classes in a trajectory of constructions and reconstructions, with the purpose of seeking a critical look at the course and adapting to the needs of curricular reconfigurations, in order to provide a public and quality education. Aiming to train educators to work with the Visual Arts, Music and Theater, the course of the UFNT-Tocantinópolis resists seeking to democratize the access to education, by contributing to the construction of a quality education that helps to improve the lives of peasant populations, in the construction of a more egalitarian and solidary society project and in the reduction of social inequalities.
The Dark Sector and the Standard Model from a Local Generalisation of Extra Dimensions
Authors: Jackson David
Published: October 2021

Many models with structures of matter associated with a structure of extra spatial dimensions have been proposed in recent decades. On employing a further generalisation from the local 4-dimensional spacetime form to a general form for proper time, we describe how matter fields resembling the Standard Model of particle physics can be accommodated far more directly than with a higher-dimensional spacetime theory. The successful identification of key features of visible matter in this non-spatial sector of extra dimensions in turn motivates seeking a candidate for dark matter residing in the original extra spatial dimension sector, and provides a close guide for the explicit form this invisible matter might take. We describe how such Standard Model and dark matter sectors in different extra-dimensional branches of generalised proper time are gravitationally connected through their common root in the local 4-dimensional spacetime and consider further possible mutual interactions and implications in comparison with existing dark matter models. A yet further possible branch of generalised proper time can be connected with dark energy models, hence in principle accounting for all three major components of cosmological structure within this framework.
Magnonic Crystal with Strips of Magnetic Nanoparticles: Modeling and Experimental Realization via a Dip-coating Technique
Authors: Lazcano-Ortiz Zorayda , Ordóñez-Romero Cesar L. , Domínguez-Juárez Jorge Luis , Monsivais Guillermo Monsivais , Quintero-Torres Rafael , Matatagui Daniel , Qureshi Naser , Kolokoltsev Oleg
Published: October 2021

In this article, we show theoretically and experimentally the formation of spin-waves band gaps in a magnonic crystal that was implemented by the deposition of periodic micro-structured strips of magnetite nanoparticles. A theoretical model describing the spectra of the transmitted spin-waves bandgaps is proposed. This is achieved using a simple model based on microwave transmission line theory and considering the presence of micro-structured strips of magnetite nanoparticles on the surface. Such magnonic crystal of equally spaced micro-structured strips of magnetite nanoparticles on the surface of an yttrium iron garnet thin film has been implemented and measured. The periodic micro-structured nanoparticles are deposited on the surface of such yttrium iron garnet single-crystal film grown on a gallium-gadolinium garnet substrate via dip-coating technique. Propagation of magnetostatic surface spin-waves is studied and it is shown that the presence of such periodic structure leads to the formation of spin-wave band gaps in the transmission characteristics. The spin-wave detection has been carried out using a pair of microwave antennas and a vector network analyzer. The results show that the periodic structure formed by the magnetite strips modifies the spectra of the transmitted spin waves producing band gaps.
Technical guide for the development, evaluation, and modification of stream assessment methods for the Corps Regulatory Program
Authors: David Gabrielle , Somerville D. , McCarthy Julia , MacNeil Spencer , Fitzpatrick Faith , Evans Ryan , Wilson David
Published: October 2021

The U.S. Army Corps Regulatory Program considers the loss (impacts) and gain (compensatory mitigation) of aquatic resource functions as part of Clean Water Act Section 404 permitting and compensatory mitigation decisions. To better inform this regulatory decision-making, the Regulatory Program needs transparent and objective approaches to assess the function and condition of aquatic resources, including streams. Therefore, the Regulatory Program needs function-based stream assessments (1) to characterize a stream’s condition or function, (2) to improve understanding of the impact of a proposed action on an aquatic resource, and/or (3) to inform the development of stream compensatory mitigation tools rooted in stream condition and/or function. A function-based stream assessment can provide regulatory decision makers with the resources to objectively consider alternatives, minimize impacts, assess unavoidable impacts, determine mitigation requirements, and monitor the success of mitigation projects. A multiagency National Committee on Stream Assessment (NCSA) convened to create these guidelines to inform the development of new methods and evaluation of both national-level and regional methods currently in use. The resulting guidelines present nine phases, including rationale and recommendations to facilitate work efforts. The NCSA hopes that this technical guide promotes transparency, technical defensibility, and consistent application of stream assessments in the Regulatory Program.
Abstract OR-4: New Antibiotic Binding Site on the 30S Ribosomal Subunit
Authors: Lisevich Irina , Lukianov Dmitrii , Wilson Daniel , Sergiev Petr , Dontsova Olga , Osterman Ilya
Published: October 2021

Background: Antibiotic resistance becomes one of the main problems of modern medicine; therefore, the development of new antibacterial compounds is absolutely necessary. The ribosome is the target for a lot of different antibiotics; there are several main binding sites on the ribosome – decoding center, peptidyl-transferase center, and ribosome exit tunnel. Modification or mutation of nucleotides in these sites could make cells resistant to structurally different antibiotics. Methods: pDualrep2 reporter system was used for detection of the protein synthesis inhibitors in cultural broths of new soil bacteria. By means of a cell-free translation system, the inhibitory activity and mechanism of action of Auraplanin were estimated. CryoEM data collection was performed on a Titan Krios operated at 300 kV, equipped with a Falcon II direct electron detector. Results: In this work, we have found a new inhibitor of protein synthesis, which binds in a completely new binding site. This compound is produced by Actinoplanes sp. VKM Ac-2862 and by Cryo-EM study of its complex with E.coli ribosome, it was shown, that it binds close to 560 loop of 30S ribosomal subunit. The new compound is a derivative of tetramic acid and we called it Auraplanin, because of bright orange color of the producer strain. Structural data are in good agreement with genetic results – resistant mutations were located close determined binding site. Substitutions C564G, G558U, and G566A significantly increase minimal inhibitory concentration, all these mutations were not detected previously. We also observed resistant mutation in ribosomal protein S4, this mutation was previously identified as error-prone. Interestingly, ribosomal ambiguity mutations, G299A and G347U, also increased resistance to Auraplanin. Conclusion: On the basis of the genetic, structural and biochemical studies we hypothesized that Auraplanin acts prevent the transfer from an open to a closed conformation of 30S subunit, in contrast to streptomycin, which promotes the formation of a closed state.
Abstract OR-9: Cryo-EM Structure of the Reconstituted Human γ-Tubulin Ring Complex
Authors: Serna Marina , Zimmermann Fabian , Ezquerra Artur , Fernandez-Leiro Rafael , Luders Jens , Llorca Oscar
Published: October 2021

Background: Microtubules (MTs) are essential cytoskeletal polymers that provide structural support for the cell and play important roles in cell division, motility, and intracellular transport. The γ-tubulin ring complex (γTuRC) is the major MT nucleator in animal cells. The molecular mechanism by which the γTuRC promotes MT nucleation remains poorly understood although a template-based mechanism, remains the most widely accepted (Moritz et al., 2000, Kollman et al., 2010). According to this model γTuRC, a 2 MDa multi-subunit protein complex, forms a lock washer-like structure, in which γ-tubulin molecules are arranged in a ring-shaped structure that serves as a template for the assembly of αβ-tubulin heterodimers. Methods: We have set up an in vitro system to purify the human γTuRC using infected insect cells with recombinant baculoviruses. This complex sample was subjected to cryo-EM analysis and single-particle reconstruction. Results: We have demonstrated that RUVBL1-RUVBL2 AAA-ATPase complex (RUVBL) controls the assembly and composition of γTuRC in human cells both in vivo and in vitro. Likewise, RUVBL assembles γTuRC from a minimal set of core subunits in a heterologous co-expression system. Purified, reconstituted γTuRC has nucleation activity and resembles native γTuRC (Consolati et al., 2020, Liu et al., 2020, Wieczorek et al., 2020), as revealed by its cryo-EM structure at ~4.0 Å resolution. Conclusion: We have been able to identify novel mechanistic and structural features that determine the intricate, higher-order γTuRC architecture (Zimmermann, Serna et al., 2020).
Abstract P-16: Cryo-Electron Microscopy Study of Vesicles from Various Species
Authors: Yastremsky Evgeny , Garaeva Luiza , Putevich Elena , Sazonov Dmitry , Vasiliev Alexander , Kamyshinsky Roman , Shtam Tatiana
Published: October 2021

Background: Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) are studied as a natural carrier of functional biomolecules and as a potential system of targeted delivery of therapeutic agents. One of the urgent tasks in this direction is the selection of the carrier with optimal physicochemical parameters and morphology from a variety of plant sources. To date, vesicles from only a few plants were visualized using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Here we investigated the morphology and physical parameters of extracellular vesicles from plant sources not previously studied utilizing this method. Methods: PEVs derived by ultracentrifugation from juice and cultural medium of 11 plants and mushrooms were studied using methods of cryo-EM. Samples were plunge frozen in liquid ethane with Vitrobot Mark IV and examined under cryogenic transmission electron microscope Titan Krios 60-300 (ThermoFisher Scientific, USA) in low dose mode using EPU software. Results: Most of the observed particles in each sample were classified as extracellular vesicles due to the presence of the lipid bilayer. Morphology and size characteristics of PEVs were determined and compared with each other. A variety of morphological configurations of PEVs were found: with single and multiple membranes, with different conformations and integrity state. Most of the isolated PEVs were single, round-shaped, and in a size range from 30 to 150 nm. Conclusion: Cryo-EM allowed us to obtain high-quality images of PEVs isolated from 11 plants and mushrooms (blueberry, chanterelle, cowberry, fly agaric, garlic, redcurrant, chlamydomonas, cucumber, shadberry, viburnum, gooseberry) which have been characterized by their size and morphology. From the data obtained, the most promising sources of vesicles were proposed. The approbation of the selected vesicles as effective delivery systems requires further research.
Abstract P-23: Histone N-terminal Tails Reduce Early Nucleosomal Pausing during Transcription
Authors: Gerasimova Nadezhda , Hsieh Fu-Kai , Studitsky Vasily
Published: October 2021

Background: Nucleosomes are the barriers to transcript elongation by RNA polymerase 2 (Pol 2) in vitro and in vivo. Formation and overcoming the barrier are important for transcription regulation. N-terminal tails of core histones do not affect the inner structure of nucleosomal core. However, strongly positively charged tails can interact with the DNA, thereby impeding polymerase progression through the template. Removal of histone tails was shown to facilitate transcription through a nucleosome by both yeast and human Pol 2, and the effect was most noticeable at lower ionic strength (40 mM KCl). In vivo experiments established a new mechanism of overcoming of +1 nucleosomal barrier by removal of histone tails by specific regulative proteinase. As +1 nucleosomal barrier is formed mostly by the promoter-proximal part of the nucleosomal DNA, here we address the effects of histone tails on elongation through this part of the nucleosome. Methods: We have studied the effect of histone tails on transcription by yeast Pol 2 and model enzyme E. coli RNA polymerase utilizing very similar mechanisms of elongation through chromatin. 603 nucleosomes were transcribed in vitro using purified proteins and components. To focus on the proximal part of the nucleosome, transcript elongation was conducted for a limited time and at low ionic strength. Results: For the phosphorylated form of yeast Pol 2 and E. coli RNAP, histone tail removal significantly reduces the strong nucleosome-specific pausing that the yeast polymerase encounters ∼15 bp within the 603 nucleosome and further downstream, leading to both increased traversal of the pause and the accumulation of complexes paused at more distal locations. However, tail removal did not lead to a significant increase in full traversal of either nucleosomal template. The effect of histone tails removal was cognate for both enzymes but differs in detailed effect on the barrier. Conclusion: Histone tails provide a significant part of the nucleosomal barrier to transcript elongation by Pol 2-type mechanism. The effect is very pronounced in the promoter-proximal part of the nucleosomal DNA, suggesting that histone tails could play a role during the regulation of the +1 nucleosomal barrier. The role of Pol 2 CTD phosphorylation and formation of the intranucleosomal loops in the regulation of +1 nucleosomal barrier will also be addressed.
Abstract P-34: Cryo-EM Study of Submicrocapsules with a Shell of Nanoparticle Heteroaggregates and Polyelectrolyte Layers
Authors: Kostenko Anastasiya , Palamarchuk Konstantin , Chesnokov Yury , Plokhikh Konstantin , Bukreeva Tatyana , Kamyshinsky Roman
Published: October 2021

Background: Currently, different approaches of active and passive targeted drug delivery are being developed. One of the most promising methods of targeted drug delivery is the use of capsules. For instance, colloidosomes—capsules consisting of the shell formed by colloidal particles at the interface of the emulsion—can be used for targeted delivery of antitumor drugs or any other drugs in liquid form. Here we present results of cryo-EM study of submicrocapsules with the soybean oil core and with the shell consisting of SiO2 nanoparticles and detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs) stabilized with chitosan and alginate. Methods: Сryo-electron tomography (Cryo-ET) was used to identify the morphological features of the submicrocapsules. Preliminary screening of samples and cryo-ET data collection were performed using Titan Krios cryo-EM (ThermoFisher Scientific, US) equipped with Falcon 2 direct electron detector. The restoration of the tomographic series was carried out using IMOD software. Eman2 was used for segmentation and UCSF Chimera was used for visualization of the 3D model. Submicron capsules were obtained by stabilizing oil droplets with a mixture of SiO2 nanoparticles and DNDs. To form a stable shell, an additional layer of silica particles and polyelectrolyte layers of alginate/chitosan were applied to the droplets of the dispersed phase of the emulsion by physical adsorption. Results: Cryo-EM data showed the presence of submicrocapsules with a diameter in the range of 200-900 nm. Although a significant fraction of submicrocapsules was found to be partially destroyed, results of cryo-ET study of intact capsules demonstrated that silicon dioxide nanoparticles form a net, while DNDs form clusters. Conclusion: Here we demonstrate the results of the study of submicron capsules with a shell of silica nanoparticles and DNDs. It was found that a uniform distribution of DNDs is not a prerequisite for the creation of submicron capsules that contradicts the theoretical model.
Abstract P-44: SARS-CoV-2 Inactivation by Ultraviolet Light Does Not Violate Virus Morphology, Antigenic and Immunogenic Properties
Authors: Faizuloev Evgeny , Gracheva Anastasiia , Korchevaya Ekaterina , Glukhov Grigory , Sokolova Olga , Samoilikov Roman , Zverev Vitaly
Published: October 2021

Background: Vaccination is the most effective tool for reducing the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19. Particular interest is the development of whole-virion inactivated vaccines, since such vaccines include a complete set of viral structural proteins. One of the requirements for the whole-virion vaccines is the guarantee of complete virus inactivation while maintaining the native conformation of protective antigens. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of ultraviolet (UV) treatment on the morphology, antigenic and immunogenic properties of the SARS-CoV-2. Methods: SARS-CoV-2, strain "Dubrovka" (GenBank No.: MW514307.1), grown in Vero CCL81 cell culture (ATCC). Viral reproduction was monitored by real-time qRT-PCR, ELISA and virus titration in Vero cells. Virus was inactivated by treating with ultraviolet light for 5 minutes using a standard biosafety cabinet UV irradiator. Virus inactivation control was performed by three "blind" passages in Vero cells. Clarified viral material was concentrated on Amicon MWCO 100 kDa (Millipore) columns. Negatively stained with uranyl acetate viral preparation was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mice were immunized with a UV-inactivated virus subcutaneously in two variants (5 animals per group) - with and without Freund's adjuvant, twice with an interval between immunizations of 2 weeks. The titer of virus-neutralizing antibodies in mouse sera was determined in Vero cell culture. Results: Preparation of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus with a titer of 7.5 lg TCID50/ml and concentration of viral RNA of 8.5 lg copies/ml was obtained in Vero cells. After UV-treatment the presence in the prepapation of SARS-CoV-2 antigen was confirmed by ELISA with a set of COVID-19 convalescent sera. The particles with coronavirus morphodiagnostic signs were imaged by TEM - rounded shape with characteristic spikes of 12-15 nm on the envelope, the diameter of the virion was 90-110 nm. Neutralizing antibodies were detected in the sera of all immunized mice, whereas in animals of the control group neutralizing antibodies were not detected. Neutralizing antibodies titer was significantly higher in animals immunized by a virus with Freund's adjuvant - on average 448, than without adjuvant - 64 (p<0.01). Conclusion: Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 by UV light completely inactivates its infectivity, while retaining the typical coronavirus virions morphology, antigenic properties, and ability to induce in mice a synthesis of neutralizing antibodies.
Abstract P-45: Structure of the Bacteriophage AR9 Bacillus Subtilis Chaperonin According to Cryo-Electron Microscopy
Authors: Maslova Ekaterina , Pichkur Evgeny , Semenyuk Pavel , Kurochkina Lidia , Sokolova Olga
Published: October 2021

Background: Chaperonins are a family of molecular chaperones Hsp60 (heat shock proteins 60). GroEL is a bacterial chaperonin. It ensures the correct folding of proteins, using the energy of ATP hydrolysis. Three-dimensional reconstructions of its predicted orthologs were obtained and biochemically characterized in free and nucleotide-bound states for bacteriophages EL Pseudomonas aeruginosa, OBP Pseudomonas fluorescens (Kurochkina, L. P. et al., Journal of virology, 2012; Semenyuk, P. I. et al., Biochemical Journal, 2016; Stanishneva-Konovalova, T. B. et al., Journal of Structural Biology, 2020). Physicochemical studies were carried out for the bacteriophage AR9 Bacillus Subtilis and confirmed that the protein has chaperone activity and does not require co-chaperonin to function (Semenyuk P. I. et al., International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2020). Methods: The recombinant chaperonin of the B. subtilis bacterial phage AR9 (gp228) was isolated and purified in a free state and vitrified in Vitrobot Mark IV. Data were collected using a Titan Krios cryo-TEM and processed in Warp, RELION and cryoSPARC software. Results: The final structures of the chaperonin were reconstructed with a C1 and C7 symmetry at the resolution of 4.5 Å and 4.0 Å respectively. Significant heterogeneity of the apical domains was addressed further using 3D classification and symmetry expansion in RELION resulting in a set of classes reflecting the conformational transition of the subunits between different states. At least four different conformational states of the subunit were clearly resolved. Conclusion: Gp228 structure show similarities between bacteriophage chaperonin and also bacterial chaperonin GroEL. It is formed by a single ring consisting of seven identical subunits, each has three domains: equatorial, intermediate, and apical. The subunits of the apo-form chaperonin Gp228 exhibit significant conformational flexibility in the apical and intermediate domains.
Abstract P-7: NdFeCo-based Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Samardak Vadim , Azon S , Samardak Aleksei , Papynov Evgeniy , Samardak Alexander , Ognev Aleksei
Published: October 2021

Background: The multifunctional nanoparticles can be promising antitumor materials. The results of a study of synthesized NdFeCoB oxide nanoparticles (NPs) as a basis for drug transportation systems are presented. In the next step, the NPs can be coated by a multifunctional gel shell. Methods: NPs, the composition of NdFexCo1-xB (where x =0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5), were synthesized by a Pechini-type sol-gel method. The synthesis allows tuning of NPs magnet properties by manipulating the microstructure and phase composition. NPs were studied by XRD, SEM, TEM, HRTEM, and VSM. Results: SEM images show that the average size of NPs changed from 280 nm (for x = 0) up to 416 nm (for x = 0.1 – 0.5). At TEM images the NPs of the sample without cobalt (x = 0) have an elongated shape (Fig 1a). Diffraction patterns showed that the NPs consist of single crystal or ordered crystallites. NPs with cobalt mainly consist of crystallites with a size of about 20-50 nm. There are also areas with a complex-grained microstructure. Hysteresis loops and first-order reversal curve analysis indicated that the NPs were ferromagnetic whose coercivity, squareness ratio, and magnetic interactions changed significantly with the cobalt contents.