bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comments on Co-deposition Electrolysis Results: A Response to Kowalski
Authors: Mosier-Boss P. A. , Forsley L. P. G. , Gordon F. E. , Storms E. K. , Grimshaw T. W.
Published: December 2024

In 2009, it was reported that the tracks observed on the front surface of CR-39 detectors as a result of co-deposition were due to 0.45–0.97 MeV protons, 0.55–1.25 MeV tritons, 1.40–3.15 MeV 3He, and/or 1.45–3.30 MeV alphas. Recently those conclusions have been challenged. In this communication, additional experimental data and further analysis of our earlier results are provided that support our original conclusions.
Comments on Codeposition Electrolysis Results
Authors: Kowalski Ludwik
Published: December 2024

Results from SPAWAR-type experiments show that dominant pits, recorded with CR-39 detectors, are probably not due to alpha particles, as originally suspected. Two points of conflict, one experimental and another interpretational, remain to be resolved.
Neutron Yield for Energetic Deuterons in PdD and in D2O
Authors: Hagelstein Peter L.
Published: December 2024

To account for the excess heat in the Fleischmann–Pons experiment, it has been proposed that the reaction energy can be shared among a large number of deuterons. In order to help quantify how many deuterons are required to be consistent with experiment, we have computed the neutron yield for deuteron–deuteron fusion reactions in both PdD and in D2O.
Energy Exchange Using Spin-Boson Models with Infinite Loss
Authors: Hagelstein Peter L. , Chaudhary Irfan U. , Scott R. Scott R. , Chubb Scott R.
Published: December 2024

From experiment we know that energy is produced in the Fleischmann–Pons experiment, and that commensurate 4He is observed, with about 24 MeV per helium atom. From the absence of neutrons in experiments producing excess heat, we know that the helium nuclei are born with less than 10 keV energy on average. This results in the key theoretical problem associated with the Fleischmann–Pons experiment: where does the energy go? In the lossy spin-boson model, a large energy quantum is converted into many small quanta. Here we present a new analysis of the lossy spin-boson model.
Are Oxide Interfaces Necessary in Fleischmann–Pons-type Experiments?
Authors: Dominguez D. D. , Kidwell D. A. , Knies D. L. , Grabowski K. S. , Hubler G. K. , He J. H. , Violante V.
Published: December 2024

The generation of excess power in a palladium deuteride electrochemical system is often difficult and time consuming. Long incubation times, on the order of weeks or months, are necessary presumably for the basic electrolyte to dissolve and redeposit essential impurities onto the cathode surface. To accelerate this process, we added chemical additives to the electrolyte once the palladium was loaded with deuterium. Chemicals that produce oxide interfaces on the palladium surface seemed to occasionally produce apparent excess power. A single Pd90Rh10 cathode generated a total apparent excess energy on the order of 10 kJ after a series of additions in an experiment that only took one week. The results are encouraging and may lead to an understanding of what triggers excess power production in Fleischmann–Pons-type experiments. A hypothetical model describing the possible role of oxide interfaces is described..
Evidence for the Induction of Nuclear Activity in Polarized Pd/H–H2O System
Authors: Szpak Stanislaw , Dea Jack
Published: December 2024

In cells employing cathodes prepared by the co-deposition process, the polarized Pd/D–D2O system becomes nuclear active when the concentration of deuterium, expressed as D/Pd atomic ratio, is equal to or greater than one. In contrast, to activate the polarized Pd/H–H2O system, action of an external magnetic field, modulation of cell current or both, are required. Evidence for the nuclear active state in the Pd/H–H2O system namely deuterium production, particle emission and catastrophic thermal event, is presented. © 2012 ISCMNS. All rights reserved.
Pulse and Amplitude Approximation for the Lossy Spin–Boson Model
Authors: Hagelstein Peter L. , Chaudhary Irfan U.
Published: December 2024

The lossy spin-boson model is of interest to us since it predicts efficient energy exchange between identical two-level systems and an oscillator when the transition energy is a large (odd) multiple of the the oscillator energy. This model is not so easy to solve directly in the strong coupling regime, so we have developed approximate versions of the model that are easier to analyze. Here we introduce the pulse and amplitude approximation which compares very well with exact numerical solutions when the coupling is strong, and when the characteristic oscillator energy is much less than the transition energy. We examine discrete and continuum versions of the approximation, and find that they give good results for the solutions and for the self-energy. We show that the indirect coupling matrix element can be estimated from differences in the eigenvalue of the pulse optimization constraint for solutions with different phases.
Epsom (MgSO4 · 7H2O) Solution Epsom (MgSO4 · 7H2O) Solution
Authors: Lakshmanan Arunachalam
Published: December 2024

During sodium metal dissolution in aqueous Epsom salts, it was accidentally discovered that a massive explosion occurs in 0.85 M Epsom solution on the completion of Na dissolution. Borosil glass vaporizes at temperatures >1000 ̊C. This fact indicated that a very high temperature has indeed been reached in this experiment. The timing of the explosion (20–25 s after Na addition) indicated that hydrogen somehow got trapped in cavitation induced meta-stable nano-crystals. The excess energy release could not be explained by conventional hydrogen combustion in air. One must therefore look elsewhere for an explanation of the process behind the excess energy release.
Anomalous Heat Energy Released through Cavitation-Coulombic Repulsion Oscillations Following Sodium Metal Dissolution in a Dilute Epsom Solution – Plausible Mechanisms
Authors: Lakshmanan Arunachalam
Published: December 2024

Plausible mechanisms are discussed for explaining the sudden burst of energy released from 0.85 M Epsom (MgSO4·7H2O) aqueous solution following sodium metal dissolution which led to the vaporization of the entire system including the glass beaker. Exothermic reactions lead to micro/nano-metastable crystal formation due to steam cavitation. H2+ molecular ions trapped at Mg2+ ion lattice sites in cavitation-induced metastable crystals were considered as precursors for energy release. In principle, for charge compensation, two protons should occupy one Mg2+ lattice site in these crystals. Therefore, cavitation crystal formation brings in the two protons in molecular ions closer. This process is, however, opposed by Coulombic repulsion between the two protons which results in the collapse of the nanocrystal containing hydrogen. This leads to the release of hydrogen ions into the solution resulting in the release of hydration energy during the formation of H3O+, hydronium ions and in local heating. Stirring distributes the heat energy uniformly in the solution. Local heating, however, leads to the promotion of cavitation – this time with more vigor since additional energy input has occurred. Thus reformation of the crystal takes place quickly and the hydrogen ions are brought together more closer than during the previous occasion which increases the electrostatic repulsive force. As a result, the crystal collapses faster leading to the release of more hydration energy. This is how cavitation gains energy from repulsion. The above cavitation Coulombic repulsion oscillation (CCRO) cycle continues leading to an exponential build-up of the pressure and oscillation speed of the precursors and a decrease in inter-proton separation leading to their collision. Finally a sudden burst of energy witnessed occurs due to cavitation collapse. It remains to be ascertained if the energy release is a consequence of p–p fusion, or other mechanisms proposed which include volume casimir effect, miniature black holes and lattice phonon amplification. The fact that increase in the oscillation speed of the two protons in the proposed H2+ species is exponential without an upper limit till the end-point is reached should determine the logistics of the underlying mechanism causing the energy release. The p–p fusion should, however, be accompanied by positron emission whose presence could be verified by its annihilation gamma rays or with 5.5 MeV gamma rays produced from HD fusion reactions if energetic deuterium is formed from p–p fusion in amounts commensurate with the energy produced but this fusion process is mediated by weak interaction process and hence is less probable. No other proposal explains burst of energy observed better than the collapse of miniature black holes.
Erzion Model Interpretation of the Experiments with Hydrogen Loading of Various Metals
Authors: Bazhutov Yu N.
Published: December 2024

A short review of Cold Nuclear Transmutation for 22 years after its discovery is presented. I describe the main physical results of the Rossi–Focardi experiment and our experiment with hydrogen loading of various metals. I propose the Erzion Model of Catalytic Nuclear Transmutation as the theoretical explanation of the generation of excess heat, new chemical elements and isotopes, X-rays and neutron radiation in these experiments.
Increase of Reaction Products in Deuterium Permeation-induced Transmutation
Authors: Iwamura Y. , Itoh T. , Tsuruga S.
Published: December 2024

Low-energy nuclear transmutations have been observed in the nano-sized Pd complexes, which are composed of Pd and CaO thin film and Pd substrate, induced by D2 gas permeation. In order to increase the transmutation products, an electrochemical method was applied to increase deuterium density near the surface of the nano-structured Pd multilayer film. Transmutation products were successfully increased by this approach. Laser irradiation method was also applied to make surface Plasmon on the Pd multilayer, however, the effect of laser irradiation was not so prominent.
Neutron Burst Emissions from Uranium Deuteride and Deuterium-loaded Titanium
Authors: Jiang Songsheng , Xu Xiaoming , Zhu Liqun , Gu Shaogang , Ruan Xichao ` , He Ming , Qi Bujia
Published: December 2024

This paper reports new results of anomalous neutron bursts (high-frequency neutron bursts) from deuterium-loaded titanium and uranium deuteride samples at room temperature. The number of neutrons in the large bursts is up to 2800 in an interval of less than 30 s, and the highest frequency of neutron bursts is 13 bursts in 7 min. Accidental artifact noise and cosmic-ray sources are ruled out. We suggest that the anomalous neutron bursts are correlated with deuterium-loaded metals and probably the result of nuclear reactions occurring in the samples.
Forcing the Pd/1H–1H2O System into a Nuclear Active State
Authors: Szpak Stanislaw , Gordon Frank
Published: December 2024

In cells employing cathodes prepared by the co-deposition process, the polarized Pd/D–D2O system becomes nuclear active when the concentration of deuterium, expressed as D/Pd atomic ratio, is equal to or greater than one. In contrast, to activate the polarized Pd/H–H2O system, action of an external magnetic field and modulation of cell current or both are required. Evidence for the nuclear active state in the Pd/H–H2O system, namely deuterium production, particle emission and catastrophic thermal event, is presented. Extension of nuclear active state to the Pd1H/1H2O system under the application of an external magnetic field and modulated cell current profile is discussed.
A Self-Consistent Iterative Calculation for the Two Species of Charged Bosons Related to the Nuclear Reactions in Solids
Authors: Tsuchiya Ken-ichi
Published: December 2024

Many theoretical studies on cold fusion have been done by many workers using Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) in order to find a possible mechanism of this phenomenon. In our previous work on BEC approach to the theoretical interpretation of cold fusion, we estimated the transition temperature of BEC in palladium deuteride [1]. It was based on the Y.E.Kim’s work by using equivalent linear two-body (ELTB) method to the many-body problems of charged bosons trapped in an ion trap [2]. Recently, Kim et al. tried to explain the results of Rossi’s experiment [3] by using the ELTB method for a mixture of different two species of positive charged bosons trapped to the harmonic potential [4]. In this study, we verified Kim’s theory and considered how to perform the numerical calculation. A self-consistent iterative calculation was introduced and the coupled two equations corresponding to the two species of positive charged bosons were solved.
Features and Giant Acceleration of “Warm” Nuclear Fusion at Interaction of Moving Molecular Ions (D-…-D)+ with the Surface of a Target
Authors: Vysotskii Vladimir I. , Kornilova Alla A. , Chernysh Vladimir S.
Published: December 2024

The nuclear interaction mechanism and optimization methods of (dd) synthesis under bombardment of solid targets by linear oriented molecular ions consisting of a few deuterium atoms (nano-clusters) are discussed. Preliminary results on observation of optimized d + d = He3 + n reaction during collective interaction are presented.
The Pd + D Co-Deposition: Process, Product, Performance
Authors: Szpak Stanislaw
Published: December 2024

The preparation of electrodes by a co-deposition is discussed in detail. The electrode reactions are identified, the structural features of the deposit are described and the relevant experimental evidence is assembled.
Conservation of E and M , Single Cavitation Heat Events
Authors: Stringham Roger S.
Published: December 2024

Experiments spread over a period of 24 years create a model for sonofusion. An explanation of results will influence new paths for its further development. Cavitation produced z-pinch target-foil implanting jets produce SEM photos of single event ejecta sites equal to the binding energy differences, Eb, for alpha production.
Numerical Modeling of H2 Molecule Formation within Near-surface Voids in Pd and Ni Metals in the Presence of Impurities
Authors: Dmitriyeva O. , Cantwell R. , McConnell M.
Published: December 2024

We have used density functional theory (DFT) to investigate crucial material parameters that can promote a low energy nuclear reaction (LENR). This approach significantly decreases the experimental burden involved into material fabrication and testing. It also provides the foundation for systematical study and optimization of important material properties. We focused on three characteristics to describe the LENR environment: (1) a high hydrogen isotope loading ratio, (2) the presence of dopants or impurities, and (3) material morphology. We chose two figures of merit to characterize those environments: hydrogen adsorption energy on metal surface and H2 bond length. We showed that high hydrogen loading and the presence of impurities in Pd and Ni can lower the adsorption energy, thus increasing hydrogen surface mobility potentially improving the reaction rate. Another factor that would increase the fusion probability is the distance between two hydrogen atoms. We demonstrated that a hydrogen molecule can be formed in a near-surface void in Pd and Ni at the bond length of 0.70–0.74 Å.
A Technique for Making Nuclear Fusion in Solids
Authors: Wayte R.
Published: December 2024

A technique is described for making nuclear fusion at room temperature by compressing a powder mixture comprising a deuteride and catalytic material. The result is explosive beyond known chemical reaction for the materials. and catalytic material.
Effect of Cathode Pretreatment and Chemical Additives on H/D Absorption into Palladium via Electrochemical Permeation
Authors: Azizi Orchideh , He Jinghao , Paterson Dan T. , El-Boher Arik , Pease Dennis , Hubler Graham
Published: December 2024

In this study, we applied a variety of palladium pretreatment methods, including nitric acid etching, Aqua regia etching and electro- chemical oxidation/reduction to determine the effect of cathode initial condition on hydrogen absorption into palladium during the loading process. The electrochemical behavior of palladium was characterized using electrochemical permeation, electrochemical desorption, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The hydrogen diffusion coefficient in palladium membrane was obtained using the time-lag method. The lattice diffusivity of hydrogen as well as the amounts and distribution of the diffused and trapped hydrogen were analyzed using the desorption rate of hydrogen. We also investigated the effect of pyridine, a perme- ation promoter on hydrogen absorption in palladium membranes. Electrochemical parameters of double layer capacitance, charge transfer resistance and surface roughness were characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for both treated and untreated cathodes. This study shows that the ability to load Pd with hydrogen is only mildly affected by surface pretreatment and the chemical additives, and therefore, we consider the pretreatments a second order effect regarding the ability to load.
Yet Another LENR Theory: Electron-mediated Nuclear Reactions (EMNR)
Authors: Calaon Andrea
Published: December 2024

An attempt is made to build an LENR theory that does not contradict any basic principle of physics and gives a relatively simple explanation to the plethora of experimental results. A single unconventional assumption is made, namely that nuclei are kept together by a magnetic attraction mechanism, as proposed in the 1980s of the past century by Valerio Dallacasa and Norman Cook. This assumption contradicts a non-proven detail of the standard model, which instead attributes the nuclear force to a residual effect of the strong interaction. The theory is based also on a property of the electron which has been known for long, but has rarely been used: the Zitterbewegung (ZB). This property should allow the magnetic attraction mechanism that binds nucleons together, to manifest also between the electron and any isotope of hydrogen, leading to the formation of three neutral pseudo-particles (the component particles remain separate entities), collectively named here Hydronions (or Hyd). These pseudo-particles can then couple with other nuclei and lead to a fusion reaction “inside” the electron. The Coulomb barrier is not overcome kinetically, but through what could be interpreted as a range extension of the nuclear force itself, realized by the electron when some specific conditions are satisfied. The most important of these necessary conditions is that the electron has to “orbit” the hydrogen nucleus at a frequency of 2.055 × 1016Hz. This frequency corresponds to photons with an energy of about 85 eV or equivalently a wavelength of 14.6 nm in the Extreme Ultra Violet (EUV). So the large quanta of nuclear energy fractionate into EUV photons during the formation of the Hydronions and during the coupling of Hydronions to other nuclei. The formation of Hydronions requires the so called Nuclear Active Environment (NAE), which is what makes LENR so rare and difficult to reproduce. The numbers suggest that the NAE forms when an unshielded atomic core electron orbital that has an “orbital frequency” near to the coupling frequency is stricken by a naked Hydrogen Nucleus (HNu). This theory therefore implies that the NAE is not inside the metal matrix, but in its immediate neighbourhood. The best candidate atoms for a NAE are listed, based on the energy of their ionization energies. The coincidence with the most common LENR materials appears noteworthy. The Electron Mediated Nuclear Reactions (EMNR) theory can explain also very rapid runaway conditions, radio emissions, biological NAE, and the so called “strange radiation”.
Off-mass-shell Particles and LENR
Authors: Davidson Mark
Published: December 2024

A recent and somewhat radical theoretical explanation for LENR is reviewed. It is based on variable mass theories of relativistic quantum mechanics that date back to the 1930s in works by Fock and Stueckelberg, and up to the present by many others. It explains a large number of observed anomalous effects in LENR by positing that nuclear rest-masses can vary in “nuclear active environments” in condensed matter settings. The varying masses modify the kinematic constraints of the nuclear reactions. It also offers a mechanism for enhancing electron screening and-or quantum tunneling rates, for allowing for resonant tunneling, and for modified radioactive decay rates by mass changes in the decaying isotopes.
High-energetic Nano-cluster Plasmoid and its Soft X-ray Radiation
Authors: Klimov A. , Grigorenko A. , Efimov A. , Evstigneev N. , Ryabkov O. , Sidorenko M. , Soloviev A. , Tolkunov B.
Published: December 2024

Artificial stable microwave (MW) plasmoids were obtained and studied by Kapitsa in swirl gas flow. This MW plasmoid had unusual physical properties close to those of natural ball lightning. We studied the physical parameters and properties of a longitudinal heterogeneous plasmoid (plasma formation with erosive nano-clusters) created by capacity coupled high-frequency (HF) discharge in high-speed swirl flow in our previous papers. These nano-clusters were created by an electrode’s erosion in a plasma reactor. Measurement of the power balance of this heterogeneous plasmoid is very important for aluminium–hydrogen power energetics, using a new plasma generator with high coefficient of performance (COP). This work is a continuation of our previous work. We determined that there is extra power released in heterogeneous plasmoids created by combined discharge (HF discharge + DC discharge). The measured COP in this plasmoid is about 2–10. We suppose that this extra power release in a heterogeneous plasmoid is connected with LENR. The obtained experimental results (COP, optical spectra, soft X-ray spectra, chemical composition of dusty particles) prove our suggestion. It was revealed that a heterogeneous non-equilibrium plasmoid creates intensive soft X-ray radiation (with quantum energy about 1–10 keV). We determined that excited and charged cluster particles are responsible for this soft X-ray radiation creation, to be exact. Parameters of heterogeneous non-equilibrium plasmoid (Ne, Te, TV, TR and others) were measured in the experimental plasma vortex reactor (PVR). The main goals of this work are the following: (1) Creation of plasma-chemical vortex reactor (PVR) with high COP. (2) Obtaining of the key experimental results in this reactor for the future theoretical LENR model creation based on the PVR’s operation.
Simulation of the Behavior of Exotic Neutral Particles by a Monte-Carlo Modelisation
Authors: Ruer Jacques
Published: December 2024

Hot spots are small features that some authors suppose are created by a sudden local release of thermal energy. For example, the estimation of the energy involved in the formation of a 2 μm crater is 3 × 10−8 J or 2 × 105 MeV. Some theories attempting to explain these phenomena, and excess heat in general, involve the role of Exotic Neutral Particles (ENP), like Polyneutrons or Erzions. According to such theories, these ENPs are relatively rare. The problem investigated in this paper is whether a single particle may trigger a series of many reactions within a short time in solids that are properly loaded. A Monte-Carlo simulation has been written to study the potential behavior of ENPs. It is shown that the ENPs follow a developed and Brownian type movement. The number of reactions occurring at a given depth below the surface is calculated, as well as the probability for a series to exceed a given value. From a pure mathematical viewpoint, a parallel can be made between the diffusion laws and Brownian motion. It is shown that a small fraction of the ENP flux can trigger large series of reaction, to the point that the energy that can be produced is not limited if the ENP is stable as long as it is present in the lattice. It is necessary to introduce a limited lifetime with a decay to reconcile the model with the experimental observations. The discussion of the simulation results in the light of experimental data leads me to propose a mean free path on the order of 100 Å, and a lifetime in the nanosecond range.
Replication Experiments at Tohoku University on Anomalous Heat Generation Using Nickel-based Binary Nanocomposites and Hydrogen Isotope Gas
Authors: Iwamura Y. , Itoh T. , Kasagi J. , Kitamura A. , Takahashi A. , Takahashi K.
Published: December 2024

We built a new experimental system to replicate the anomalous heat generation experiments based on the papers by A. Kitamura and A. Takahashi. The system was developed in order to measure precisely heat generation using a flow-calorimetry method with liquid hydrocarbon coolant that enables us to measure at temperatures higher than 373 K. The Ni-based binary nano-composite samples were prepared by the melt spinning method. A fabricated material at Kobe University were separated into two samples. One sample was loaded and tested at Tohoku University and the other at Kobe University, in order to compare the experimental results at the two different places. Two experiments were performed up to now. One was the PNZ4s (Pd0 044Ni0 31Zr0 65) with D2 gas experiment and the other is the CNZ5s (Cu0 044Ni0 31Zr0 65) with H2 gas experiment. For the PNZ4s with D2 gas experiment, excess heat up to 10 W was observed. The amount of excess energy reached 2.5 MJ and it corresponded to 14.9 eV per absorbed D. CNZ5s (Cu0 044Ni0 31Zr0 65) with H2 gas experiment also showed anomalous excess heat ranging from 2 to 5 W. Coincident increase events of the pressure of reaction chamber and gas temperature, which suggested high temperature gas generation in the reactor chamber, was observed many times. The amount of excess energy amounted to 1.9 MJ and the generated energy per hydrogen atom was estimated as 67.8 eV/H. For the both samples subjected to the same fabrication process, results of the present work qualitatively agreed with those of the similar experiment performed at Kobe University. And these observations are supposed to be very difficult to explain by known chemical processes only.
Physical Model of Energy Fluctuation Divergence
Authors: Okubo K. , Umeno K.
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we propose a new classical model in which energy fluctuation diverges. In detail, for certain parameter ranges, kinetic energy diverges since the momentum obeys the Cauchy distribution. This phenomenon will be applied to the cold fusion since jumping over the potential wall is essential to cold fusion.
Excess Power Measurements for Palladium–Boron Cathodes
Authors: Miles Melvin H. , Imam Ashraf M.
Published: December 2024

Palladium–Boron (Pd–B) cathodes prepared at the US Naval Research Laboratory have produced electrochemical excess power effects using D2O + LiOD electrolytes in nine of ten experiments conducted at three different laboratories and using three different types of calorimeters. The one failure was due to a structural defect in the Pd–B cathodes. An unusual result is the early appearance of the excess power effect for Pd–B cathodes. Three other research groups have also found excess power effects using these Navy Pd–B cathodes. Possible important factors for Pd–B electrodes are the removal of oxygen by the boron during processing, the increased mechanical strength versus pure palladium, less volumetric expansion of these electrodes during loading with deuterium, and the much slower escape of deuterium from this cathode.
Beyond Hydrogen Loading
Authors: Albertini Gianni , Rogante Massimo
Published: December 2024

While experimental and technological attention is focused on the operational methods for hydrogen loading in metals and on the observed anomalies with respect to well-established rules, we aim to remark that these methods and these consequences can be seen as a part of a more general problem. In fact, most of the experiments and deductions of material sciences are based on the assumption that space–time is flat and isotropic (Minkowskian). After discarding this assumption, a theory of Deformed Space Time (DST) was developed in the last decades. Following this theory, experimental results were obtained which are not predicted by the Standard Model. The DST-theory concerns the fundamental interactions and in particular the nuclear ones, that can play the main role in the observed anomalies. In order to consider a nuclear reaction as a DST-reaction, four main phenomenological features were deduced: occurrence of an energy threshold; change of atomic weight; absence of gamma radiation; anisotropic emission of nuclear particles in intense beams having a very short life span. From the experimental point of view, rather than looking for fortuitous events that produce the conditions for DST-reactions, more systematic research can be undertaken by following the above reported four general rules. In particular, the occurrence of thresholds can correspond to a latency time, required to reach the energy density necessary to deform space–time. The absence of gamma radiation cannot be considered as a sign that nuclear reactions are not present; in fact, in absence of detected gamma radiation, elements were found which were not present before the reaction. The nuclear emissions, which are anisotropic and impulsive, can be difficult to detect with the traditional methods, thus inducing incertitude on the occurring reactions. Finally, a rapid variation of energy density is an experimental common factor of DST-reactions. Thus, the DST-theory can be the leading theory in the design of the experiment and in the interpretation of its experimental results.
Candidates for Near-Resonant Subdivision Experiments
Authors: Hagelstein Peter L.
Published: December 2024

In a subdivision process, the excitation from a nucleus in an excited state is transferred so as to produce excitation in two or more nuclei as a result of multi step excitation transfer. This has been proposed as a key component of excess heat models, where a large 24-MeV quantum needs to be broken down into many lower energy quanta. Here, we consider candidates for a new laboratory experiment in which subdivision might be studied in isolation. In such an experiment, the alpha or beta decay of a radioactive source produces an initially excited nucleus, and multiple excitation transfer steps lead to two excited nuclei with lower energy excitations, such that the total excitation energy approximately matches the initial excited state energy. A suitable candidate must include an initially excited nucleus that can be produced from a commercially available radioactive source, and two final excited states in stable nuclei, where the energy mismatch is sufficiently small that it can be made up by the exchange of a few optical laser photons. We searched through all relevant transitions in the NUDAT2 database below 250 keV and found four candidates for a laboratory subdivision experiment.
A Possible Heuristic Explanation of Exotic Vacuum Objects (EVO’s, Charge Clusters)
Authors: Hubler Graham K.
Published: December 2024

In early 90’s, Ken Shoulders was granted 5 patents on Exotic Vacuum Objects (EVO) claiming that they were a new form of matter. He produced many monographs about them and suggested they were the physics that explained cold fusion. In Ken Shoulders words, EVO’s are, “Highly organized, micron-sized clusters of electrons, having soliton behavior, with electron populations density on the order of Avogadro’s number per cm3 (A typical 2μm EVO has a population of 1011 to 1013 electrons). When interacted with solid material, these charge clusters perform a low-energy phase transformation type of atomic disruption that liquefies the lattice and propels the material to a high velocity without apparent signs of conventional heating. Using an ordinary thermal interpretation, a thermal gradient for bulk material greater than 26,000 degrees C per micrometer would be required to achieve these effects”. This paper presents lessons from thin film deposition methods like Vacuum Arc, Pulsed Electron beam, Pulsed Laser whose commonality with EVO generation is pulse energy impingement on a target. Rather than the hypothesis of a “new form of matter” as an explanation of EVO’s, it is hypothesized that generation of a micro shaped-charge, in analogy with explosively formed shaped-charge munitions, can explain the characteristics of surfaces that were struck by EVO’s. This hypothesis reproduces the effects that are underlined in the text above.
Optical Observation of Spontaneous Heat Burst Phenomena during Hydrogen Desorption from Nano-Sized Metal Composite
Authors: Itoh Takehiko , Shibasaki Yoshinobu , Takahashi Tomonori , Saito Mari , Kasagi Jirohta , Iwamura Yasuhiro
Published: December 2024

We have constructed a photon measurement system to observe the radiant power emitted from an NiCu multilayer film for a wide energy range, from visible light to mid-infrared light. Using the new system, we attempted to measure the radiation from the sample when a heat burst occurred while anomalous excess heat was being continuously generated. About 10 big burst events were observed during the 5-day continuous measurement: it was found that the radiation intensity increased simultaneously as the heater temperature suddenly increased. We have made a comparison of the radiant spectrum of the burst event with the spectrum in normal times. There is no particular difference due to the burst; both spectra can be simply interpreted as grey body radiation emitted from a thermally equilibrated object. The correlation of radiant intensity between near-IR and visible light has been deduced; although it is expected there is a linear correlation between them, two correlation lines can be drawn instead of one. This indicates that the contribution of photon emission from the non-equilibrium stage may have an effect.
The Presumption of Pseudoscience. In Defense of Electrochemists Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons, and Cold Fusion, of Course!
Authors: Tcvetkov Sergei A.
Published: December 2024

In defence of electrochemists Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons, and cold fusion. With the help of science eliminated prejudices and errors, and achieved: protection produced truth, freedom for further development, the common good and internal well-being. On motives of the publications in Russian mass media. Even if cold fusion did not exist, it would still be worth inventing. The farther from the beginning of the cold nuclear fusion, the more imagination, transitions into the category of myth-making, violent perversion of facts, forgeries and unhealthy mockery of the authorities in the media and on the Internet. About the purely Russian invention in science - about the COMMISSION ON COMBATING PSEUDOSCIENCE AND FALSIFICATION OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH. Evaluation of the advantages of nuclear fusion over other methods of energy production. One gram of deuterium can become a continuous heat source with a capacity of 3 kW for a whole year! There is a strong suspicion that, having mastered the method of obtaining energy from cold fusion, we will only have one step left to completely release the energy of matter according to the famous formula E = m×c2! Cold fusion or LENR? The content of the scientific paper by M. Fleischmann and S. Pons in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry with specific results. About scientific ethics, the violation of which is blamed on M. Fleischmann and S. Pons. Intense heat release, and therefore the effect itself begins only on the 66th day (~5.65×106 seconds) CONTINUOUS operation of the electrolytic cell and continues for 5 days. What kind of non-reproducibility can we talk about here? There is not a single scientific paper in peer-reviewed journals that scientifically justifies the impossibility of cold nuclear fusion. Verification of devices for measuring physical quantities must be carried out with a device that has an accuracy class higher than the device being verified. Therefore, the tests on heat in MIT and Caltech, which are often referred to on the issue of the failure of cold fusion, are not really any tests. The “experts” are lying about neutron irradiation. The Coulomb barrier, thermonuclear fusion, plasma, sounding from the lips of plasma physicists have nothing to do with cold nuclear fusion. We must understand that cold nuclear fusion is a natural process that created and synthesized the entire world around us, and this process takes place both in the bowels of the Sun and inside the Earth. It can’t be any other way. Cold nuclear fusion is not pseudoscience; it is only assumed to be pseudoscience. Long live cold fusion-the discovery of M. Fleischmann and S. Pons! And Stanley Pons should be awarded the Nobel Prize.
Knowing Geometric Shapes Through Block Play Activities for Group B Children at Tk Belimbing Raya Kepahiang
Authors: Sintia Ledia , Sari Rika Partika , Haryono Mimpira
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this research is: To analyse geometry shapes through block games in Group B children at Belimbing Raya Kindergarten Kepahiang. this research is a qualitative approach. The subject of this research is 5 teachers of Belimbing Raya Kindergarten Kepahiang.The method used in this research is descriptive method. Qualitative data analysis is the process of systematically searching and compiling data obtained from interviews, field notes and other materials so that it is easy to understand and of course can be informed to others. Data analysis techniques used in this study are Interactive models. introduction of geometric shapes. Most of the children of PAUD Belimbing Raya have been able to distinguish the shape of a triangle although there are still some children who have not been able to mention the shape of a triangle
The Influence Of Promotion And Brand Image On Purchasing Decisions For Al Amin Skin Care Products In Tasikmalaya City (Survey Of Al Amin Skin Care Customers In Tasikmalaya City)
Authors: Aliyah Siti Arum Himmatun , Karmila Mila , Wibawa Gian Riksa
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study is to determine the simultaneous and partial influence of the Promotion variable and Brand Image variable on Purchasing Decisions. The method used in this research is causality through a survey approach. With a research sample of 100 Al Amin Skin Care Customers in Tasikmalaya City. The data used is primary data and secondary data. The analysis tool used in this study is multiple linear regression using SPSS 26.0. The results of the study show that Promotion and Brand Image have a significant effect on Purchasing Decisions for Al Amin Skin Care Products in Tasikmalaya City. Partially, promotion does not have a significant influence on purchasing decisions for Al Amin Skin Care products in Tasikmalaya City. Partially, Brand Image has a significant influence on Purchasing Decisions on Al Amin Skin Care Products in Tasikmalaya City.
The Effect Of Price Perception And Service Quality On Purchase Decision At Asep Stroberri Restaurant (ASSTRO) Tasikmalaya
Authors: Haloho Windy Cindyana , Sutrisna Arga , Arif Arif
Published: December 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of Price Perception and Service Quality on Purchasing Decisions at Asep Stroberri Restaurant Tasikmalya. The method used is quantitative with a research sample of 100 respondents. The data used are primary and secondary data. The analysis tool used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS version 25. Based on the results of this study, it shows that Price Perception and Service Quality simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on Purchasing Decisions. Price Perception partially has a significant effect on Purchasing Decisions. Service Quality partially has a significant effect on Purchasing Decisions.
Altered hepatic metabolism mediates sepsis preventive effects of reduced glucose supply in infected preterm newborns
Authors: Bæk Ole , Muk Tik , Wu Ziyuan , Ye Yongxin , Khakimov Bekzod , Casano Alessandra Maria , Gangadharan Bagirath , Bilic Ivan , Brunse Anders , Sangild Per Torp , Nguyen Duc Ninh
Published: December 2024

Preterm infants are susceptible to neonatal sepsis, a syndrome of pro-inflammatory activity, organ damage and altered metabolism following infection. Given the unique metabolic challenges and poor glucose regulatory capacity of preterm infants, their glucose intake during infection may have a high impact on the degree metabolism dysregulation and organ damage. Using a preterm pig model of neonatal sepsis, we previously showed that a drastic restriction in glucose supply during infection protects against sepsis via suppression of glycolysis-induced inflammation, but results in severe hypoglycemia. Now we explored clinically relevant options of reducing glucose intake to decrease sepsis risk, without causing hypoglycemia and further explore the involvement of the liver in these protective effects. We found that a reduced glucose regime during infection increased survival via reduced pro-inflammatory response, while maintaining normoglycemia. Mechanistically, this intervention enhanced hepatic oxidative phosphorylation and possibly gluconeogenesis, and dampened both circulating and hepatic inflammation. However, switching from a high to a reduced glucose supply after debut of clinical symptoms did not prevent sepsis, suggesting metabolic conditions at the start of infection are key in driving the outcome. Finally, an early therapy with purified human inter-alpha inhibitor protein, a liver derived anti-inflammatory protein, partially reversed the effects of low parenteral glucose provision, likely by inhibiting neutrophil functions that mediate pathogen clearance.Our findings suggest a clinically relevant regime of reduced glucose supply for infected preterm infants could prevent or delay the development of sepsis in vulnerable neonates.
Bosetning og aktivitetsspor ved helleristningsfeltene i Hjemmeluft
Authors: Terkelsen Signe Groot
Published: December 2024

Forut for arbeid på Nilsenhuset ble det gjort arkeologisk utgravning av et mindre areal langs husveggen, sentralt på bosetnings- og aktivitetsflaten id 48029-1. Lokaliteten ligger midt i verdensarvområdet for bergkunst i Hjemmeluft/Jiepmaluokta i Alta. Størstedelen av det undersøkte arealet var forstyrret av nyere tids aktivitet, men mot sør kom det frem et intakt lag av varmepåvirket sand og grus med mye skjørbrent stein. Det ble gjort funn av 310 gjenstander i harde krystallinske bergarter og skifer. Funnene ble gjort både i det forstyrrede område og i det varmepåvirkede laget. Tre prøver fra det intakte laget ga dateringer til perioden 4000-3100 f.Kr. To prøver fra det forstyrrede området ga nyere tids dateringer. Det ble ikke påvist noen strukturer, men det varmepåvirkede laget indikerer intensiv bruk og at området sør for huset har potensiale for strukturer og større tidsdyp.
Phytochemical screening and in vitro antibacterial activity of Echinops kebericho Mesfin tuber extracts: experimental studies
Authors: Negasa Jiregna Gari , Teshome Ibsa , Sarba Edilu Jorga , Daro Bekiyad Shasho
Published: December 2024

Background

The application of plant extracts and their phytochemicals as potential treatments for bacterial illnesses has increased significantly in the last few decades. In Ethiopia, Echinops kebericho Mesfin is widely used to treat a range of illnesses in humans and animals. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of Echinops kebericho Mesfin.

Methods

We carried out an in vitro experimental study after collecting the plants from their natural habitats. Then macerated in absolute methanol and petroleum ether solvents and concentrated the extracts using a rotary evaporator. In the experiment, we used Standard cultures of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa. The agar-well diffusion method evaluated the antibacterial activity of the plants. The agar dilution method determined the minimum inhibitory concentration of the plant extract.

Results

The percentage yield of the plant extracts ranged from 6.25% to 7.85%. The methanol extract of Echinops kebericho Mesfin had the highest inhibitory effect on S. aureus (ATCC 25923) (16.67 ± 0.58 mm), followed by E. coli (ATCC 25922) (11.0 ± 1.73 mm). Phytochemical screening of leaves from the methanol and petroleum ether extracts of the plant revealed the presence of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and cardiac glycosides. The present study revealed that the extracts of these plants have antibacterial activity. However, researchers should conduct further studies on the safety margin and quantitative bioactive isolation of selected medicinal plants.
Assessment of Denture’s Continuous Wearing as a Factor Predisposing to Chronic Atrophic Candidiasis in a Sample of Lebanese Denture Wearers: A Clinico-microbiological Study
Authors: Aoun Georges
Published: December 2024

Background: Chronic atrophic candidiasis (CAC), commonly referred to as denture stomatitis, is the most prevalent multifactorial, chronic inflammatory oral condition amongst denture wearers. Denture’s continuous wearing is considered a risk factor predisposing to CAC. The aim of this study was to evaluate this factor and its relationship with the occurrence of CAC in a Lebanese population.
Material and Methods: Two hundred ninety (161 women, 129 men; age range 40-80 years) were selected for this study. Swab samples from the palate and the palatal surfaces of the upper dentures of these patients were collected and examined mycologically. Denture’s continuous wearing and colonization by Candida albicans were evaluated.
Results: In this sample of 290 patients, 85 (29.31%) wear their dentures continuously and 170 (58.62%) exhibited clinically and microbiologically CAC. With respect to the patient’s age, 41 out of the 65 patients (63.07%) aged between 40 and 60 years showed CAC against 129 (57.33%) who are older than 60.
Conclusion: This study supports previous findings that denture continuous use of denture is a significant factor that contributes to CAC.
Exploring Obesity Risk Factors: Focuses on Family History of Overweight and Smoking Behaviour
Authors: Arsita Cynthia , Rachmani Enny , Isworo Slamet , Kusumangrum Lely , Anggraini Tyas
Published: December 2024

Background and Objective: Obesity is a complex health condition with a steadily increasing global prevalence, posing significant challenges to public health. It is estimated that approximately 1 in 8 individuals worldwide are affected by obesity, with the prevalence among adults more than doubling and the rate among adolescents increasing fourfold over the past few decades. Obesity is influenced by a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the associations between body mass index (BMI), smoking status, and family history of overweight, with statistical analyses used to assess their strength and potential interactions.
Results: The findings demonstrate a significant association between family history of overweight and the likelihood of developing obesity (p = 0.01). Individuals with a familial predisposition to overweight exhibited a markedly higher risk of obesity, independent of smoking behavior.
Conclusion: Individuals with a genetic predisposition to overweight due to family history are more likely to develop obesity.
Assessing Performance of Estimation Techniques in Time Series Analysis when Trend-cycle Component is Linear
Authors: Dozie Kelechukwu C.N
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Two decomposition techniques are Buys-Ballot and least square techniques are presented in this study. The two important patterns that may be discussed are trend and seasonality and two competing models are additive and multiplicative models. The trend-cycle component is linear. The emphasis is to assess the performance of Buys-Ballot estimates and least square estimates using accuracy measures (Mean Error (ME), Mean Square Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Results show that the two estimation techniques are very good in estimating the linear trend parameters and seasonal effects when the model for decomposition is additive. It differs for multiplicative model.