bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of initiative budgeting practices in Russian regions
Authors: Gavrilova N. V.
Published: July 2020

The article contains the analysis of initiative budgeting practices in five Russian regions: Altay, Stavropol, Kirov, Tver and Tula regions. Initiative (participatory) budgeting — the practice of engaging citizens into decision making on budget funds allocation, which is at the junction of formal and informal institutions: it is included in the system of state and municipal finances and is based on social ties and communication mechanisms in local communities. The article reveals that initiative budgeting has become a systemic managerial practice in the analyzed regions, which is used to distribute funds between municipalities on a competitive basis. The regularities of citizen participation, changes in the structure of their preferences regarding public infrastructure during the implementation of initiative budgeting programs have been identified, conclusions on the relationship between types of projects and co-financing by citizens, on the specifics of stimulating community involvement in public decision-making are drawn.
The prospects of Russian economic growth recovery (Proceedings of the roundtable discussion at the XXI April international academic conference on economic and social development)
Authors: Akindinova N. A. , Dabrowski M. P. , Shirov A. A. , Belousov D. R. , Voskoboynikov I. B. , Gurvich E. T.
Published: July 2020

The issues to be discussed at the panel included: can past experience of economy recovery following crises of 1998 and 2008 be helpful at present; what sectors were driving growth of the Russian economy in the last decade, and are they able to perform this role in the future; what growth rate is feasible in 2021; what amendments to the national projects aimed at boosting growth are likely. In addition to that the panel participants specified key factors affecting productivity and output trends in Russia, suggested ways to support economy in the course of “coronacrisis”, and pointed out to economic policy measures that could accelerate economic growth.
Russian low carbon development strategy
Authors: Bashmakov I. A.
Published: July 2020

The article presents the key results of scenario projections that underpinned the Strategy for long-term low carbon economic development of the Russian Federation to 2050, including analysis of potential Russia’s GHG emission mitigation commitments to 2050 and assessment of relevant costs, benefits, and implications for Russia’s GDP. Low carbon transformation of the Russian economy is presented as a potential driver for economic growth that offers trillions-of-dollars-worth market niches for low carbon products by mid-21st century. Transition to low carbon economic growth is irreversible. Lagging behind in this technological race entails a security risk and technological backwardness hazards.
Sociocultural factors in economics: Milestones and perspectives
Authors: Auzan A. A. , Bakhtigaraeva A. I. , Bryzgalin V. A. , Zolotov A. V. , Nikishina E. N. , Pripuzova N. A. , Stavinskaya A. A.
Published: July 2020

The paper analyzes key achievements in sociocultural research of economic development for the last twenty years. Firstly, the paper describes the main approaches in sociocultural studies and key trends in empirical research (including causality issues). Secondly, it poses critical open questions in sociocultural research concerning the relationship between culture and institutions, within-country cultural differences, and culture in dynamics. It demonstrates how the research into culture is connected to the studies of social capital. Finally, the paper formulates the theses of the sociocultural economics research field.
Can trust become a factor of economic growth? Dynamic changes in the level of trust of Russian youth
Authors: Bakhtigaraeva A. I. , Stavinskaya A. A.
Published: July 2020

The article considers the role of trust in the economy, the mechanisms of its accumulation and the possibility of using it as one of the growth factors in the future. The advantages and disadvantages of measuring the level of generalized trust using two alternative questions — about trusting people in general and trusting strangers — are analyzed. The results of the analysis of dynamics of the level of generalized trust among Russian youth, obtained within the study of the Institute for National Projects in 10 regions of Russia, are presented. It is shown that there are no significant changes in trust in people in general during the study at university. At the same time, the level of trust in strangers falls, which can negatively affect the level of trust in the country as a whole, and as a result have negative effects on the development of the economy in the future. Possible causes of the observed trends and the role of universities are discussed. Also the question about the connection between the level of education and generalized trust in countries with different quality of the institutional environment is raised.
血小板减少激素治疗诱发糖尿病患者的护理
Authors: 耿 燕 , 付 宁宁
Published: July 2020

目的：研究分析血小板减少激素治疗诱发糖尿病患者的护理。方法：于2019年05月--2020年05月,将本院接收的60例血小板减少激素治疗诱发糖尿病患者作为观察对象。根据双盲随机对照原则,予以分组探讨,其中一组名为常规组(常规护理),另一组名为研究组(针对性护理)。每个小组分别30例。结果：研究组血糖水平显著低于常规组(p
新冠肺炎无症状感染者中医药治疗策略浅议
Authors: 杨 云霜 , 张 梦凡 , 张 林军
Published: July 2020

COVID-19无症状感染者监测是控制疫情传播的关键。目前无症状感染者尚无有效干预手段,可以从中医药治疗角度探讨防治出路。本文从无症状感染者出现时间、医学改变、危害、中医发病机制、治疗思路及预后等方面进行阐释,提出无症状感染者属于“伏邪发病”,可以应用中医“治未病”学术思想观念。对无症状感染者采取未病先防策略进行干预和截断治疗,遵守“扶正祛邪”“三因制宜”治则,顾护正气、清除病毒、防止传播。
道德与法律视角下我国医患冲突的思考
Authors: 孙 自勉
Published: July 2020

近几年我国医患冲突事件频发,医患矛盾也是随之愈演愈烈。医患关系紧张一直以来是我国关注的热点问题,在这期间国家也采取了一系列的措施来保护患者,同时医院也对医生做出相应的规章制度,这虽然在一定程度上缓解了医患矛盾,但这没有在根本上解决医患冲突问题。因此需要重建医患之间的信任,加强医生与患者友好相处的关系。本文将从医患冲突产生的原因进行分析,从道德与法律的视角下提出与我国国情相适应的解决方法。
酒仙桥地区孕晚期产妇B族链球菌感染情况及对妊娠结局的相关分析
Authors: 朱 华玉
Published: July 2020

目的：研究酒仙桥地区孕产妇B族链球菌的感染情况及其新生儿的健康情况。方法：收集北京华信医院产科2017年1月-2020年1月进行GBS筛查的孕产妇病历资料，回顾性分析孕产妇的感染状况以及新生儿的健康状况。结果：孕产妇的感染率：3.19%(148/4639);新生儿的健康状况：早产儿：0.22%(10/4639)、新生儿出现感染或肺炎：0.26%(12/4639)；GBS阳性产妇分娩时抗菌药物干预：4.05%(6/148)；结论：对酒仙桥地区孕晚期的产妇筛查GBS感染以及对可能造成母婴感染时进行抗菌药物干预的重要性。
芬太尼及阿芬太尼在儿童体内的药代动力学的研究进展
Authors: 齐 梦圆 , 张 满和 , 宋 阳 , 韩 笑 , 王 辰
Published: July 2020

芬太尼及其衍生物-阿芬太尼输注后不仅起效快而且其心血管反应也相对稳定,而且具有良好的镇痛和镇静作用,如今已经广泛应用于小儿麻醉。由于小儿不同年龄阶段的神经系统和肝肾等各个器官发育尚未完善并且差异很大,所以阿片类药物应用于小儿体内发生并发症甚至致命性损伤的风险极高。此外,在小儿阿片类药物相关研究数据中仅有有限的药代动力学数据可供麻醉医生实施小儿麻醉时参考。
“一带一路”下外贸英语函电教学与未来职业能力对接问题研究——以重庆城市管理职业学院为例
Authors: 李 敏 , 王 月 , 马 新 , 兰 荣春 , 杨 璐僖
Published: July 2020

随着“一带一路”政策的展开以及国家对职业教育的重视程度的提高,作为职教院校的外贸专业深受重视,然而本研究的职业院校培养出来的外贸人才是否能赶上国际贸易形势的变化,是否能够成为在国际浪潮中脱颖而出的佼佼者呢,这些都与学校的教学安排与设计有着密切的关系。本文就将针对外贸专业的核心教学科目外贸英语函电教学与学生未来职业能力对接问题展开研究,以重庆城市管理学院为例,通过对“一带一路”背景下教育尤其是对外贸人才教育的要求、专业教学课程编制统计、学生学习与就业状况的研究以期得出一些建设性的素材和意见。
基于单元整体架构,利用复习课提升儿童数学关键能力的路径探究
Authors: 刘 流
Published: July 2020

复习课的教学路径与新授课的教学路径存在着显著的不同,新授课遵循从未知到已知,复习课则不尽相同。本文着力于从教材本身入手,引导学生通过讨论交流寻找知识的内部联系,经历数学知识的整体性建构过程。并以大单元为依托,探究出有助于学生思维发展,提升关键能力的新路径。
模的广义局部化在张量积上的性质
Authors: 韩 霖 , 苏 业芹
Published: July 2020

在给出交换模的广义局部化定义及部分性质的基础之上,在张量积上研究了相关性质,研究了交换模的广义局部化在张量积上的应用,并证明了算子的良好性状。
办好思政课关键在于调动教师积极性
Authors: 唐 春淋 , 刘 梅
Published: July 2020

百年大计,教育为本。教育,国家之基础,关键在于能否充分调动教师的积极性。要办好思想政治理论课,建设一支“六种素养”兼备的思政课教师队伍,关键在于充分发挥教师积极性,就需要积极推进教师培养供给侧结构性改革,加快壮大学校思政课教师队伍；提高思政课教师综合素质；改革思政课教师评价机制；加大思政课教师激励力度。做好这些,教师能有更加饱满的热情去更好培根铸魂,为建设现代化强国培育时代新人。
浅谈小学教育专业《科学基础》课程（物理）教学
Authors: 王 蕾阳 , 刘 云东
Published: July 2020

《科学基础》课程(物理)设置的重要性,此专业学生大部分是文科生,例如本人目前所教授的200名学生,有97%在高中时期是文科生,只有3%是理科生,甚至有1%的同学认为作为语文方向没必要学习此课程。常用的教学方法还有讨论法和实验法、发现法等等。在讲授《科学基础》课程(物理)内容时,为达到良好教学效果,可采取以下建议。
新媒体环境下的高校英语教学改革策略
Authors: 王 为仕
Published: July 2020

随着社会的不断发展与进步,对人才的需求也在随之发生变化,高等院校培养人才的目标也在发生变化。显然,传统的高等院校英语教学模式已经很难满足现如今高等院校学生的学习需求。因此,高等院校英语教师应该在新媒体环境下加强对英语教学的改革,通过新媒体技术的运用,增加英语教学的乐趣。
基于疫情期间高校线上教学管理的思考与实践
Authors: 石 涓力 , 张 爱玲 , 范 婷
Published: July 2020

新冠疫情打乱了我们原本的生活秩序与教学秩序。停课期间,各高校不约而同的采取了“停课不停学”的在线教学工作。本文以四川大学锦城学院为例,对线上教学管理模式进行探讨,提出有效服务于学习主体的具体方略。
简析“数形结合”在小学低段数学教学中的应用
Authors: 邹 琴
Published: July 2020

数形结合属于现阶段小学数学教学的主要措施,这种措施能够满足现阶段小学生的认知规律,而且可以获得良好的教学效果。所以需要使用具体的图形来使得学生掌握抽象的概念。
“基因工程”实用化教学改革研究
Authors: 温 彤 , 马 勇 , 刘 晓光 , 王 静
Published: July 2020

基因工程技术源起于DNA重组技术的建立,随着诸多重大技术的突破,基因工程在生命科学研究中不断显示出其强大的能力；而其作为一门学科也逐渐成为众多生物专业高校本科学生的必修课程。作为一门以技术理论为主的学科,如何将“高大上”的基础理论转变为容易被学生理解和掌握并用于科研实践中的研究方法和手段一直是相关任课教师追求的目标。本文从课程准备、课堂教学、考核方式三个方面为在课程教学中提升基因工程的实用性提供了经验和建议,以期为基因工程教育教学改革提供借鉴与思路。
小学学校德育工作管理的重点分析
Authors: 韩 琴
Published: July 2020

德育工作管理是小学管理工作中的重要部分之一,为小学德育工作的开展提供有力基础。小学德育工作的主要内容包括：以社会主义为办学方向,明确德育工作的地位,协调德育工作组成要素等。本文主要研究小学德育工作管理的重点,对目前的发展现状和存在的问题进行分析,提出针对性解决对策,希望本文的探讨对小学德育工作的顺利开展具有借鉴意义,同时可以促进德育工作稳定发展。
浅析武术的哲学思想
Authors: 岩 香应 , 左 文泉 , 袁 中华
Published: July 2020

运用哲学的视角来阐释武术的内涵与形式,并结合对李小龙宗师的截拳道理论思想微不足道的认知,以中国哲学为基础并结合中国古典哲学进行研究与分析,如道家、儒家、释家等。主要研究哲学的内涵是否与武术的内涵与形式相通,哲理性的思维来认识武术,谈及武术影响到各人的人生观、价值观以及世界观。武术原始起源于为生存与猛兽残斗、劳动生产、古代军事活动的演变、民族风俗习惯的演变、满足文体娱乐的需要、纪念祖先或民族英雄等方面取得比较一致的认识,后期主要作用于军事战斗。由李小龙先哲的结合创新,武术成为一种哲学思想,而不是单纯外在形式的表象,并做到了不受种族、肤色、世界的限制,让全世界接受了武术。
职业院校技能大赛促进赛教融合的研究与实践
Authors: 连 国云
Published: July 2020

本文从职业院校技能大赛出发,探讨了技能大赛的影响力以及目前技能大赛面临的问题,深入研究技能大赛赛项各环节的内容和标准,将其颗粒化为知识点、技能点,提炼并设计成可实施的教学项目或任务融入教育教学活动中,以达到以赛促教、赛教融合的目的。
Geradores Betavoltaicos para Sistemas Eletrônicos Portáteis
Authors: Ferreira Gabriel S , Toufen Dennis L
Published: July 2020

Betavoltaic Generators for Portable Electronic Systems
Conventional energy sources, based on electrochemical processes, have become an everyday element, being used in countless electronic equipment, such as smartphones and notebooks. However, even with advances in technology in the last decade, they show a lower evolution than expected, causing a limitation of electronic devices, creating a need for more powerful energy sources. The development of a radioisotope generator, based on betavoltaic systems, which uses non-thermal processes generating electrical energy based on the emission of beta radiation, a technology that would allow an electronic device to function for long periods, without the need for recharging or replacement. However, despite the advantages that this technology presents us, we have the challenge regarding health risks caused by undue exposure to radiation, where the Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN), which establishes dosage limits, which must be followed to design of a betavoltaic generator using materials and techniques, allowing such devices to be developed for safe handling and use, based on the level of beta radiation emitted and the behavior of the radioisotope employed, allowing the dimensioning of an efficient shield and safe.
Flexible Productive Systems Modeling and Control Tools: Literature Review
Authors: Mazzoni URC , Asato OL , Nakamoto FY
Published: July 2020

The challenges imposed on Manufacturing Systems (MS), given the demands of a dynamic and competitive market, instigates the development of new technologies to promote the reduction of production costs, increase productivity and ensure the level of quality established by the company. Such technologies applied in MS create demands for new paradigms for the design of control systems, mainly about the integration of automated systems, such as multifunction machines, flexible machining centers, intelligent robotic conveyor systems, and the integration of information systems, production planning and management, and manufacturing execution. The main purpose of control system modeling is to represent a real system using conceptual models to visualize, predict and simulate the desired dynamic behavior of the system. This article presents some modeling tools for control systems capable of adequately representing a manufacturing system with all its requirements and intrinsic characteristics, supported by formal methods for structured modeling of the control system.
The Readiness of Supporting Infrastructure for Tourism Destination in Achieving Sustainable Tourism Development
Authors: Dalimunthe Desy Yuliana , Valeriani Devi , Hartini Fitra , Wardhani Rulyanti Susi
Published: July 2020

For tourism destinations, infrastructure is included as natural resources and man-made resources are natural resources and man-made resources that are needed by tourists when traveling to a tourist destination. This research focuses on the readiness of social, economic, and environmental infrastructures available in tourism destinations. This research aims to analyze the readiness of supporting infrastructure in tourism destinations to achieve Sustainable Tourism Development in Bangka Island for today and the future. This research used an analysis model of IPA (Importance Performance Analysis) to measure the level of one's importance for the performance of other parties. A person's interest was measured by comparing the level of expectation with the performance that carried out using a Likert scale. This research also discussed the extent of tourists' perceptions of the interests or expectations regarding the readiness of supporting infrastructure in the destinations to achieve Sustainable Tourism Development on Bangka Island.  a total sample of 240 respondents spread across two selected tourist destinations for each Regency on Bangka Island. This research provides results that the types of infrastructure in Bangka Regency and South Bangka Regency are the concentrate here, such as the economic and social infrastructures, whereas in Central Bangka Regency, the infrastructure that becomes the concentrate here including economic, social, and environmental infrastructures, especially from waste management.
Manuscript materials of public life of the Załuski Library in Warsaw from the time of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (the second half of the 16th-18th century)
Authors: Matwijów Maciej
Published: July 2020

The paper discusses a part of manuscript collection of the Załuski Library in Warsaw related to developing, documenting and registering or aimed at influencing public life in the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth. The manuscript collections of the Załuski Library, amounting to about 11-13 000 units, were among the largest and most valuable in Poland up until being dispatched to Saint Petersburg in 1796; following their repossession by Poland after 1922, the vast majority of them (about 80%) were destroyed in 1944. Asthe old handwritten inventories were lost together with the collection, the paper is based on two printed selective catalogues of manuscripts, later inventory and catalogue records drawn up in Saint Petersburg as well as few reference works and other scientific studies. The number of public life documents held in the Załuski Library can be estimated at approximately 300-400 inventory units. The most important ones include Crown Chancellery official books and collections of records concerning administrative, fiscal and military matters of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Anumerous group of materials was represented by sejm diaries, collections of public life documents created by private initiative and for private use as well as official correspondence of Polish kings and state dignitaries.
Sukcesja pokoleniowa zarządu przedsiębiorstwa w kontekście CSR. Wyniki badań empirycznych w województwie mazowieckim
Authors: Zaleśna Aleksandra
Published: July 2020

W

niniejszym artykule postawiono pytanie badawcze, czy obecni top menedżerowie

oraz założyciele (właściciele) przedsiębiorstw przygotowują następcę (przyszłego

lidera), który będzie kontynuował realizację koncepcji CSR. Artykuł prezentuje

wyniki badań przeprowadzonych metodą sondażu wśród 119 przedsiębiorstw, w

których ma miejsce proces sukcesji na stanowisko prezesa. W opinii prezesów

przedsiębiorstwa są społecznie odpowiedzialne. Mimo to, proces przygotowania

następcy pod kątem realizacji koncepcji CSR w przyszłości nie jest kompleksowy.

Prezesi dzielą się swoim doświadczeniem z następcą w zakresie kształtowania

relacji z klientami i dostawcami przedsiębiorstwa, zaniedbując innych

interesariuszy. Dotyczy to zarówno wynajętych menedżerów, jak i

właścicieli-menedżerów.
Holakracja jako nowa koncepcja elastycznej organizacji - próba oceny
Authors: Ziębicki Bernard
Published: July 2020

Artykuł dotyczy holakracy, stanowiącej jedną z najnowszych koncepcji samoorganizacji. Holakracja dotychczas nie była szerzej opisywana w literaturze przedmiotu. Nieliczne źródła literaturowe to głównie opracowania popularne, przedstawiające doświadczenia praktyczne, związane z jej stosowaniem. W artykule przedstawiono genezę oraz istotę holakracji. Scharakteryzowano strukturę organizacyjną oraz zasady jej działania. Omówiono szczegółowo proces podejmowania decyzji w ramach zebrań kręgów. Przedstawiono wybrane przykłady wykorzystania holakracji w praktyce gospodarczej. Wskazano potencjalne korzyści i ograniczenia holakracji. Do główny zalet holakracji zaliczono: zwiększenie elastyczności organizacji, rozwój indywidulanych kompetencji pracowników, empowerment, wzrost zaangażowania i motywacji, większe poczucie wspólnoty wśród pracowników, kreatywność, szybkie decyzje, otwartość informacyjną, podejście procesowe oraz orientację na wyniki. Ryzyka związane z wdrażaniem holakracji to: biurokracja, rozmyta odpowiedzialność, niestabilność, trudność w utrzymaniu spójnej wizji rozwoju, wielość ról i rozdrobnienie pracy, nieadekwatność wynagrodzenia do wartości pracy. Wskazano także kierunki dalszych badań w tym obszarze, które powinny dotyczyć takich aspektów, jak: zmienność ról powierzanym pracownikom, współpraca wewnątrzorganizacyjna (pomiędzy kręgami), integracja organizacyjna, odpowiedzialność realizacyjna, komunikowanie zespołowe, motywowanie pracowników. Kluczowym problemem badawczym w tym obszarze jest jednak ocena skuteczności zastąpienia tradycyjnego podejścia do zarządzania holakracją.
Czynniki determinujące wykorzystanie chmur obliczeniowych w zarządzaniu przedsiębiorstwami - wyniki badań w państwach członkowskich UE
Authors: Machuga Roman
Published: July 2020

W artykule zidentyfikowano czynniki i wyznaczono stopień ich wpływu na wykorzystanie w przedsiębiorstwach krajów UE technologii chmur obliczeniowych. Do weryfikacji wpływu wybranych czynników na poziom wykorzystania technologii chmurowych zastosowano analizę korelacji. Bazą do przeprowadzenia analizy korelacji r-Pearsona były dane statystyczne Eurostatu dotyczące wszystkich krajów UE z lat 2014-2018.. Na podstawie przeprowadzonego badania dla ośmiu z dziewięciu wskaźników ustalono istnienie dodatniego statystycznie istotnego związku z poziomem wykorzystania chmur, przy czym siła korelacji waha się od umiarkowanej do bardzo silnej. Udowodniono brak wpływu procentu sektora ICT w PKB kraju na użytkowanie technologii chmur w przedsiębiorstwach kraju. Opracowano ranking czynników, które wpływają na poziom wykorzystania technologii chmur obliczeniowych w przedsiębiorstwie z uwzględnieniem jego klasy wielkości.
Sprzężenie dynamicznych zdolności z potrzebami konsumenckimi - wyczuwanie i antycypacja
Authors: Mitręga Maciej
Published: July 2020

Koncepcja dynamicznych zdolności (DZ) jest obecne jednym z najbardziej wpływowych nurtów w naukach o zarządzaniu, jednak koncepcja ta pozostaje dość abstrakcyjna wobec praktyki biznesowej. Artykuł ten prezentuje ramy koncepcyjne dynamicznych zdolności, które zgodne są z korzeniami tej koncepcji, a jednocześnie nawiązują do różnorodności w zakresie współczesnych badań dynamicznych zdolności. Artykuł ten prezentuje wybrane wyniki badań jakościowych nakierowane na eksplorację przejawów dynamicznych zdolności, szczególnie w odniesieniu do powiązań pomiędzy dynamicznymi zdolnościami a tendencjami wyłaniającymi się w zachowaniach konsumenckich. Wyniki badań sugerują, ze powiązania te są dwustronne, ponieważ współczesne organizacje wykorzystuję różne metody w zakresie podsycania tendencji konsumenckich. W tym kontekście termin „antycypacja” wydaje się dobrym uzupełnieniem wobec „wyczuwania” jako elementu składowego dynamicznych zdolności.
浅析市政工程施工中的安全管理与质量控制
Authors: 陈 士旭
Published: July 2020

水利工程建设面临着复杂的条件，很多水利工程所在地区往往环境较为恶劣，所以水利工程建设施工过程中容易出现各种各样的难题，只有充分做好施工问题分析，明确水利工程施工管理的特点，才能合理开展施工管理工作，才能提升施工管理水平和管理效果，进而推动水利工程建设质量安全的全面提升，更好地为社会服务。
数字信号在电子信息工程中的应用研究
Authors: 苏 争争
Published: July 2020

在通信技术不断发展的背景下，数字信号在电子信息工程中的应用越来越广泛，并且表现出了不同的特点与技术优势。在文章中，将基于对数字信号技术的综述以及其在电子信息工程中的应用优势，来对数字信号在电子信息工程中的应用进行具体分析，以此使其应用效果得到保障。
谈房屋建筑土木工程施工中的注浆技术分析
Authors: 陶 伟芳
Published: July 2020

对当下土木工程施工的现状予以分析可知，注浆技术的应用是较为普遍的，通过此项技术能够使得施工速度加快，质量也会有一定程度提升。传统注浆工艺存在明显的不足，对建筑质量会产生直接影响，因此必须要做好相关的研究工作，寻找到更为可行的注浆技术。在现阶段，科技发展的速度持续加快，一些全新的设备应运而生，这就为注浆技术的改进提供了坚实的基础。在计算机技术、高分子材料等得到充分应用后，注浆技术的实用性提高了很多，建筑质量自然也就能够得到保证。文章主要针对注浆技术应用的具体方法展开深入探析，以期使得注浆技术能够在土木工程中发挥出应有的作用。
浅谈城市道路与桥梁防水技术的应用
Authors: 李 曦 , 高 振
Published: July 2020

伴随着城市建设速度的不断加快，城市道路与桥梁项目日益增多，对提高城市交通基础设施水平、推动城市经济发展等都产生了非常积极的影响。防水处理对延长道路桥梁使用寿命，提高道路桥梁使用质量等均能够产生非常巨大的影响，然而当前阶段很多城市道路与桥梁建设项目未能妥善的应用各种防水技术，进而导致城市道路与桥梁在后期使用中出现各种水损问题，一方面影响了道路桥梁的耐久性和持久性，另一方面也给人民群众的安全出行埋下了隐患。深入剖析城市道路与桥梁防水技术应用问题，积极设计策略解决问题控制问题影响已成为"当务之急"，相关者须对之加以关注。
某燃机电站运行故障分析及改进研究
Authors: 潘 春霖 , 孙 远伟 , 郑 伟
Published: July 2020

文章重点介绍了首台某燃机电站运行及出现的故障情况。通过对运行过程及故障现象的深入剖析，找出产生故障的原因所在，在借鉴其他燃气轮机成熟结构的基础上，制定结构改进方案，能够解决此次燃机运行故障问题，保证燃机运行可靠。
路桥施工质量管理与控制策略
Authors: 谢 卫军
Published: July 2020

目前，我国交通运输业已经得到较好发展，通行里程以及运输能力也逐渐呈现上升趋势，相对于航空及水运等运输方式，公路运输成为现代最为常见且便捷的运输方式之一。而在我国公路交通中，路桥做为其中主要组成部分，路桥工程不但能够实现人们出行便捷性，还能在一定程度上促进城市经济发展。但路桥工程在施工过程中所涉及内容相对较多，若无法针对施工质量进行合理控制，将直接影响路桥质量。
市政道路桥梁工程常见病害及施工处理
Authors: 左 腾
Published: July 2020

近年来，在多方面利好因素的影响下，使得我国综合国力得到了显著的提升，从而为城市化建设工作的全面开展带来了良好的机遇。在城市发展建设过程中，道路桥梁工程在其中的作用是非常巨大的，城市道路桥梁与民众的生活息息相关，一旦道路桥梁工程存在任何的问题，那么不但会对城市居民的正常生活产生一定的不良影响，甚至会造成严重的危险事故的发生。所以，我们务必要对道路桥梁施工质量加以重点关注，利用有效的方式方法来保证道路桥梁能够持续维持在良好的运转状态上，提升民众的幸福指数，促进整个社会和谐稳定的发展。
城市市政道路设计常见问题及设计方法
Authors: 胡 浩
Published: July 2020

在当前时期，国内城市的规模正逐渐扩大，大量的资源朝向城市集中，在此背景下，城市人口数量大幅增加，为了保证城市运行更为顺畅，市民生活需要得到满足，必须要完成好道路设计工作，将更为先进的设计理念予以应用。从传统设计来看，关注的重点交通需求基本满足，然而和城市发展并不同步，甚至会产生一定的限制。为了保证城市能够真正实现可持续发展，在对城市道路进行设计的过程中应该要对城市发展需求予以重点关注，设计时应该要考虑市政基础设施、城市景观、市政运营等方面的需求，将景观、环保等理念予以有效落实。文章主要针对市政道路设计展开深入探析，将存在的问题突显出来，在此基础上提出切实可行的设计方法，确保城市发展能够更为稳健。
藤本植物在城市绿化中的应用探讨
Authors: 宗 志强 , 范 晓荣 , 买买提 艾合买提江 •
Published: July 2020

城市化进程越快，导致城市土地流失的建筑密度越大，城市绿地和建筑区之间的冲突就越大。针对这一问题，人们研发出了"立体绿化"，这种形式不但可以提升城市绿化面积，并且对于推动城市建设工作的全面发展也起到了积极的影响作用。藤本植物通常也被人们称之为攀援植物，是无法自行进行攀爬的植物，需要主体茎蔓进行缠绕来不断的生长攀爬，这类植物的生长特性具有一定的特殊性。该植物不仅用于空气净化、水土保护、底带和气候调节等生态功能，还用于较小区域、大面积、光再现、可塑性等生态功能。
Şırnak İli İdil ilçesinde Yetiştirilen Üzüm Çeşitlerinin Bazı Ampelografik Özellikleri
Authors: ÜNAL Mehmet Settar , YILDIRIM Murat
Published: July 2020

2017-2018 yıllarında yapılan bu çalışmada, Şırnak ili idil ilçesinde yetiştirilen
20 üzüm çeşidine ait yıllık dal, çiçek, salkım, tane ve çekirdek özellikleri olmak
üzere toplam 34 karakter belirlenmiştir. İncelemeye alınan özelliklerin
değerlendirilmesinde IBPGR, OIV ve UPOV tarafından hazırlanıp 1983 yılında
yayınlanan 'Descriptors for Grape' adlı yayın ile 1989 yılında yayınlanan
'Minimal Descriptor List for Grapevine Varieties' adlı yayından
yararlanılmıştır. İncelenen çeşitlerde çekirdek kenarlarında çıkıntıların
bulunmaması bu çeşitlerin V. vinifera
L. türüne ait olduklarını göstermektedir. Tüm çeşitlerde meyve eti renksiz ve
özel aromasız; tane çekirdekli; yıllık dalın yüzeyi çizgili, boğum ve
boğumaraları ise dik tüysüz olarak bulunmuştur. Yıllık dal, salkım, tane ve
çekirdeğe ait diğer özellikler de çeşitler arasında farklılıklar göstermiş;
bunların aynı çeşitte, hatta aynı omcada bile değişebileceği görülmüştür.
Farklı Kaba Yem Uygulama Tekniklerinin Makina İşletme Değerleri Üzerine Olan Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: VURARAK Yasemin , İNCE Ahmet
Published: July 2020

Özet:

Geleneksel
silaj dışında farklı bir kaba yem hazırlama yöntemi olan haylaj, son yıllarda
ülkemizin nemli iklime sahip bölgelerinde kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu çalışma,
Akdeniz İklimi koşullarında yetiştirilen iki farklı kışlık buğdaygil, baklagil
karışımının kaba yem olarak hazırlanmasında, farklı hasat ve muhafaza
yöntemlerinin işletme değerleri üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla
yapılmıştır. Çalışma, iki yıl süre ile tesadüf bloklarında bölünen bölünmüş
deneme desenine göre Çukurova yöresi koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, ana
konuyu iki karışım (fiğ+tritikale ve italyan çimi+iskenderiye üçgülü), alt
konuyu iki haylaj yapım yöntemi (Ezme üniteli diskli çayır biçme ve tamburlu ot
biçme hasat makinası kullanılarak) ve alt alt konuyu üç kaplama katı (4, 6, 8)
oluşturmuştur. Sonuç olarak,
ezme üniteli diskli çayır biçme makinası ile hasat edilerek haylaj yapılan kaba
yem hazırlama sistemine ait toplam makina işletme değerlerinin, tamburlu ot
biçme makinası ile hasat edilerek haylaj yapılan sisteme göre yaklaşık %10 daha
düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ancak, ezme üniteli diskli çayır biçme makinası
ile hasat edilerek haylaj yapılan kaba yem hazırlama sistemine ait toplam yakıt
tüketim değerlerinin, tamburlu ot biçme makinası ile hasat edilerek haylaj
yapılan sisteme göre yaklaşık %14.4 daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kaplama katı sayısı bakımından
ise, 4 kat kaplama işleminin 6 kata göre %6.5, 8 kata göre ise %13.75 oranında
daha düşük yakıt tükettiği tespit edilmiştir.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF MISS PPL (ADVANCED MICROSOFT POWER POINT) LEARNING MEDIA AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Authors: Auliya Liza , N Lazim
Published: July 2020

This research aims to develop, know the feasibility test, and see teacher responses and student responses to Miss PPL (Advanced Microsoft Power Point) learning media at elementary school. The media was developed by using Microsoft Power Point 2010 applications. The research method used was a development method with an ADDIE model (Analysis-Design-Develop-Implement-Evaluate). The data obtained were analyzed descriptively quantitative. The result of this study obtained information about the feasibility of the product assessed by the validator from 86.26 with highly feasible category in draft 1 increasing to 95.57 with highly feasible category in draft 2. Teacher response data  was 84.38 with a very good category and student responses score 95.89 with a very good category. Based on the result of the research, it can be concluded that Miss PPL learning media (Advanced Microsoft Power Point) developed is suitable for use and increases the diversity of social science learning media, especially in the diversity of Indonesian society.
MANAGING THE TRANSITION TO OUT-OF-SEASON LAMBING - A CASE FARM EXAMPLE
Authors: Hawkins B.W. , Morris S.T. , Gray D.I. , Parker W.J.
Published: July 2020

A spreadsheet teed budgeting model and gross margin analysis were used to plan an outof- season lambing system for a Manawatu sheep farm. Of the systems investigated, a 30% winter lambing option was predicted to be the optimum for pattern of pasture cover and returns. Poor sheep pariormanoe in the first season of winter lambing (1988) reduced winter stocking rate by 20% and spread lambing dates to reduce peak spring teed demand for the second season. Total income in 1987 was estimated to be $8284 lower than it the traditional lambing policy had been maintained, mainly because higher returns for early-season lambs were insufficient to compensate for production losses resulting from reductions in sheep numbers wintered. The transition to winter lambing required major changes to winter grazing management, increased expenditure on animal health and meant that two tooths entering the early lambing flock had to be grown taster. Regular monitoring of pastures and animal performance was an important component in developing the new farming system. Keywords: spreadsheet modelling. teed budgeting. transition management, out-of-season lambing.
EFFECTS OF LIME AND ALTITUDE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF PASTURES -BASED ON SIX ALTERNATIVE LEGUMES FOR ACID TUSSOCK GRASSLANDS
Authors: Floate M.J.S. , Enright P.D. , Woodrow K.E.
Published: July 2020

Two lotus and 4 clover cultivars were oversown at 3 tussock sites ranging in altitude from 460 to 1040 m. The sites were initially similar in soil chemical characteristics, aspect and topography, so that differences were attributable mainly to increasing severity of climate. The objectives were to determine the extent to which legume choice is affected by(a) lime to raise so11 pH, and(b) increasing seventy of climate. In the first year'Grasslands Pawera' red clover wards were outstanding at the lower sites. With time the superiority of Pawera was overtaken by 'Grasslands Maku' and Maitland lotus. Maku swards were outstanding in the absence of lime (UP to 5.5 t DM/ha at 460 m. and up to 2 t DM/ha at 760 m) in years 2-3-4, and Maitland lotus swards produced up to 5 t DM/ha with lime at the lowest site, but did not perform well without lime. At the highest site. lotus-based pasture did not perform consistently as well as the white clover wards. At all sites lime greatly mcreased both the legume content of the swards and total pasture production for at least 4 years. Generally Maitland lotus gave the greatest and Maku lotus the least responses to lime. Keywords: lotus, clover, Maku, Maltland. Huia, Tahora. Pawera. Tetra, lime, altitude, tussock grasslands, legumes
PRODUCTION AND PERSISTENCE OF SHORT-TERM RYEGRASSES IN THE NORTHERN NORTH ISLAND
Authors: Percival N.S. , Goold G.J. , Piggot G.J. , Cranshaw L.J.
Published: July 2020

A range of short-term ryegrasses. including the Grasslands cultivars Moata, Paroa. Tama and Manawa, and Progrow and Corvette, were evaluated at 4 sites in Northland, Waikato and Bay of Plenty. At three of the sites comparisons were also made with Ellett or'Grasslands Nui perennial ryegrasses. Tama and Progrow had strong winter growth but later were relatively poor. Moata and Paroa had stronger spring growth than Tama or Progrow. The persistence beyond one year of Moata and Paroa in grazed pastures was poor. Corvette, an Italian ryegrass ecotype from near Tauranga, had consistently higher yields than Manawa, Moata or Paroa This sometimes increased total pasture yields. Corvette also had ability to persist at least 4 years after sowing. None of the short-term ryegrasses gave summer or autumn productivity as high as Nui or Ellett ryegrasses. A mixture of Ellett and Corvette showed seasonal growth characteristics of both cultivars, implying a production advantage over either sown alone. This paper advocates re-evaluating the role of short-term ryegrasses in the Auckland Province, consequent on the apparent ability of Corvette to co-exist with perennial ryegrasses. Keywords: Italian ryegrass. Moata, Paroa, Te Puna. Corvette, Tama, Progrow, Manawa, Nui, Ellett, persistence
TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON GERMINATION OF 'GRASSLANDS MAKU' LOTUS AND OTHER EXPERIMENTAL LOTUS SELECTIONS
Authors: Charlton J.F.L.
Published: July 2020

The germination rate of 'Grasslands Maku' lotus (Lotus pedunculatus Cav. syn L uliginosus) was assessed at constant temperatures of 20°C, 15°C, 10°C and a fluctuating temperature of 5/10°C (16 h/8 h per day). Germmation rate declined with temperature. Maximum germmation level was reached by 2 weeks at 20°C and 15°C. but at 10°C only 30% of seeds, and at 5/1O"C only 1% had germinated by this stage. Large seeds of Maku germinated faster than small seeds. Seedlot thousand seed weights of Maku lotus parent plants varied from 0.78 to 0.96 g and germmation rates of these lots at 5/10°C were associated wth seed size. Maku and 4 other lotus selections had much lower germination rates than two Lotus corniculatus cultivars and an interspecific hybrid selection G.4712. G.4702 (another tetraploid) germinated more rapidly than other lotus selections and Maku. These results indicate the need for production of quality Maku lotus seed, especially in terms of seed size, and for selection to improve germination rate. Keywords: Maku lotus, germination, temperature
Performance of new pasture cultivars in a hill country finishing system
Authors: Webby R.W. , Sheath G.W. , Boom C.J.
Published: July 2020

On 6 of a set of 12 self-contained experimental farmlets, improved pasture cultivars 'Ellett' ryegrass, 'Grasslands Wana' cocksfoot, 'Grasslands Tahora' white clover, Whatawhata Early Flowering' white clover, 'Mount Barker' sub clover, 'Tallarook sub clover, 'Grasslands Mama prairie grass, 'Grasslands Pitau white clover and 'Grasslands Pawera' red clover were successfully established in 1986. Measurements began May 1987. Results presented to May 1989 include pasture production, animal production and financial returns. Matua prairie grass failed to persist beyond spring 1988 but clovers including Pawera and Pitau in these pastures increased summer production in 1989. In summer 1989 the improved steep pastures produced 8 kg DM/ha/day more feed than the resident pastures, with most of this increase owing to Wana cocksfoot. Lamb numbers and lamb weight gains were greater with improved pastures. Bulls were priority finishing animals and their weights were insensitive to pasture treatment. Current returns from this experiment show little to justify the investment made in introducing new cultivars into existing developed hill pastures. Keywords pasture cultivars, hill country, finishing systems, pasture improvement
Finishing lambs in hill country
Authors: Sheath G.W. , Webby R.W. , Pengelly W.J. , Boom C.J.
Published: July 2020

A series of farmlet experiments investigated the effects of lambing dates, grazing methods and weaning/disposal dates on lamb production. Ewe and bull performance was also assessed. Laud contour did not significantly affect November-January lamb growth rates. Slight weight differences (-1 kg) in lambs and ewes occurred with changes in weaning date, but later disposal of lambs reduced both ewe and bull weights. Lamb growth rates were best when weaned lambs grazed in front of ewes and bulls in a quick rotation (25 days). Lambing in early August compared with early September, increased lamb weights but reduced lamb number, bull weight gains and ewe liveweights. At current product values earlier lambing reduced returns per ha. Recommendations are made for finishing lambs within mixed livestock systems in hill country. Keywords lamb, grazing management, hill country, agricultural systems, lambing date
Response of Matua prairie grass and Ellett perennial ryegrass to excess soil moisture in sand, silt and clay soils
Authors: Eccles W.J. , Matthew C. , Chu A.C.P.
Published: July 2020

The response of 'Grasslands Mama' prairie grass to waterlogging on different soil types was determined and compared with that of Ellett perennial ryegrass in a glasshouse pot trial at Massey University. During the waterlogging, rate of leaf extension (mm/tiller/day) of Matna prairie grass plants decreased, senescence rate (mm/tiller/day) increased, shoot:root ratio increased, and percentage of total plant weight as dead material increased, compared with unwaterlogged plants. These responses were more extreme on a clay soil than a sand, and a long rather than a short soak treatment, and generally disappeared on removal of the waterlogging stress. Shoot:root ratio of ryegrass decreased in response to waterlogging, but changes in components of plant dry weight were minor compared with those of Matna prairie grass. Matna is more sensitive to waterlogging than Ellett ryegrass, and Matna must be sown in the correct environment for it to persist and perform. Keywords Matua prairie grass, Ellett ryegrass, waterlogging, soil oxygen, shoot:root ratio, leaf elongation, leaf senescence
Effects of Thiourea Stripping of 14 Karat White Gold Alloys With the Addition of SDS Surfactant
Authors: Kim Ikgyu , Kim Kwangbae , Song Ohsung
Published: July 2020

A stripping solution with thiourea, iron(III) sulfate, and sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) was employed to strip Ni-based 14 karat white gold alloys, and the formation of the NiS byproduct and elimination of passivation were investigated in the presence of 0.0-0.2 g/L SDS. White gold alloy samples with a flat shape were cast by gypsum investment and were stripped using the prepared stripping solution. Subsequently, the surface morphology, elimination of the passivation layer, weight loss, microstructure, elemental composition, and electrochemical properties of the samples were analyzed by optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, precision scale, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and linear sweep voltammetry, respectively. It was found that passivation layers of the as-cast samples were removed by the suggested stripping solution. Upon the addition of SDS, the stripped sample showed a bright silver color without NiS, while the sample showed a dark tarnished appearance due to NiS formation without SDS. The weight loss ratio decreased with increasing SDS content and stabilized at 0.2 % for SDS concentrations exceeding 0.15 g/L, and the sample showed a uniformly etched microstructure. EDS results showed that NiS was formed without SDS addition, while linear sweep voltammetry results indicated that NiS formation was restrained upon SDS addition because SDS suppresses the formation of formamidine disulfide from thiourea. Thus, the suggested thiourea stripping with SDS addition was successfully applied to Ni-based 14 karat white gold alloys.
Public Order and Popular Protest in Colonial India: Remembering Jallianwala Bagh Massacre after a Century
Authors: Wani Javed Iqbal
Published: July 2020

This working paper reconstructs the unfolding of events in India in March-April 1919 that led to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. It evaluates the events and administrative and military response from a legal history perspective. It also argues that Jallianwala Bagh massacre was not a unique event in itself but was the culmination of colonial rage against a broader anti-colonial mobilisation.
Wage Losses and Inequality in Developing Countries: labor market and distributional consequences of Covid-19 lockdowns in Turkey
Authors: Duman Anil
Published: July 2020

We develop a possibility to work index (PWI) taking the ability to work from home and workplace closures into account. Our findings reveal that PWI and ability to work from home are significantly different, and essential or closed jobs are not necessarily concentrated at the bottom of the wage distribution. Therefore, from a policy perspective, PWI can be a more encompassing measure of risk and can assist the public authorities to design better targeted social policies. Our results also point out that wage inequality is likely to deteriorate as a result of the supply shocks from confinement policies. However, the overall negative distributional effects of lockdown and disparity between employees in different economic activities become more substantial with duration. These suggest that in order to avoid major increases in earning inequalities and related social problems, governments would be better off with shorter and stricter lockdowns.
El papel del análisis financiero en la identificación de las incertidumbres sobre empresa en marcha
Authors: Briozzo Anahí , Albanese Diana , Pullés Yanina , Di Rocco Paula
Published: July 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar empíricamente la relación de los ratios financieros y las características de la empresa, con la inclusión de un párrafo de énfasis por la incertidumbre sobre empresa en marcha en el informe del auditor. Se estudian las firmas que realizan oferta pública de sus acciones en los mercados de valores de Argentina. El análisis estadístico se realiza en dos etapas: análisis bivariado con tests no paramétricos y análisis multivariado empleando una regresión probit. Los resultados del análisis bivariado muestran que la antigüedad, la razón corriente y los ratios de endeudamiento están significativamente asociados con la incertidumbre de empresa en marcha. En el análisis multivariado son relevantes con efecto negativo el margen sobre ventas y la antigüedad, mientras que el ratio de endeudamiento muestra un efecto positivo.
Survival and Growth in Innovative Technology Entrepreneurship: A Mixed-Methods Investigation
Authors: Eliakis Stelios , Kotsopoulos Dimosthenis , Karagiannaki Angeliki , Pramatari Katerina
Published: July 2020

Innovative technology enterprises are recognized internationally as an important pillar in modern economic activity. This paper presents the findings from a research combining qualitative and quantitative methods, with the specific goal of identifying and verifying the characteristics that affect their survival and growth. Results from an in-depth longitudinal qualitative case study, that examines a mature and constantly growing (in its 10-year operation) technologically innovative enterprise, reveal that a number of characteristics pertaining to both the profile of the entrepreneurial team, as well as of the employees, significantly affect company survival and growth in this context. Moreover, we recognize and analyze three stages in its evolution: an initial “evolutionary” growth (infancy and youth), followed by a “revolutionary” (crisis), and a second “evolutionary” (maturity) stage. Our findings are further corroborated and enriched through a survey with N = 27 entrepreneurs in innovative technology startups. We contribute to existing literature on innovative technology entrepreneurship, by identifying characteristics that entrepreneurs and employees should bear, towards its survival and growth. Moreover, a practical application of the life cycle approach is described for technologically innovative companies. Finally, a specific prescription that can help guide future theoretical and practical endeavors in innovative technology entrepreneurship is also provided accordingly.
Assessing Nitrogen Cycling in Corncob Biochar Amended Soil Columns for Application in Agricultural Treatment Systems
Authors: Sanford Joseph R. , Larson Rebecca A.
Published: July 2020

Biochar soil amendment to agricultural systems can reduce nitrogen (N) leaching; however, application to agricultural nitrogen treatment systems has not been extensively explored. The objective of this study was to assess the impact on N leaching in soils receiving repeated N applications which may be observed in agricultural treatment systems. In this study, 400 °C, 700 °C, and oxidized 700 °C corncob biochar was amended to sandy loam soil columns at 5% (wt/wt) to assess the impacts to N cycling following repeated synthetic N applications. Columns received weekly applications of either organic N (ORG-N), ammonium (NH4+-N), or nitrate (NO3−-N) and the N effluent, gaseous emissions, and soil N retention was measured. Biochar produced at 400 °C significantly reduced N leaching compared to control columns by 19% and 15% for ORG-N and NH4+-N, respectively, with application concentrations similar to silage bunker runoff. For NO3−-N applications, 700 °C biochar significantly reduced leaching by 25% compared to the controls. The primary mechanism reducing N effluent for biochar amended columns was enhanced soil retention of ORG-N and NO3−-N. Biochar surface chemistry analysis measured an increase in oxygenated functional groups and cationic minerals on the biochar surface, which likely enhanced retention through cationic bridging or the development of an organomineral layer on the biochar surface. Results indicated biochar amendment to agricultural treatment systems receiving N runoff may reduce the risk of N leaching.
Could Ergothioneine Aid in the Treatment of Coronavirus Patients?
Authors: Cheah Irwin K. , Halliwell Barry
Published: July 2020

Infection with SARS-CoV-2 causes the coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic that has, at present, infected more than 11 million people globally. Some COVID-19 patients develop a severe and critical illness, spurred on by excessive inflammation that can lead to respiratory or multiorgan failure. Numerous studies have established the unique array of cytoprotective properties of the dietary amino acid ergothioneine. Based on studies in a range of in vitro and in vivo models, ergothioneine has exhibited the ability to modulate inflammation, scavenge free radicals, protect against acute respiratory distress syndrome, prevent endothelial dysfunction, protect against ischemia and reperfusion injury, protect against neuronal damage, counteract iron dysregulation, hinder lung and liver fibrosis, and mitigate damage to the lungs, kidneys, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and testis, amongst many others. When compiled, this evidence suggests that ergothioneine has a potential application in the treatment of the underlying pathology of COVID-19. We propose that ergothioneine could be used as a therapeutic to reduce the severity and mortality of COVID-19, especially in the elderly and those with underlying health conditions. This review presents evidence to support that proposal.
Oral Administration of Sodium Nitrate to Metabolic Syndrome Patients Attenuates Mild Inflammatory and Oxidative Responses to Acute Exercise
Authors: Capó Xavier , Ferrer Miguel D. , Olek Robert A. , Salaberry Eduardo , Suau Rafael , Marí Bartolomé , Llompart Isabel , Tur Josep A. , Sureda Antoni , Pons Antoni
Published: July 2020

The beneficial effects of exercise for the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome pathologies have been related to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Dietary nitrate supplementation is an emerging treatment strategy to alleviate the symptoms of metabolic syndrome affections and to improve vascular function. In this double-blind crossover trial, metabolic syndrome patients performed two exercise tests for 30 min at 60–70% maximal heart rate after the intake of a placebo or a nitrate-enriched beverage. Acute exercise increased the plasma concentration of TNFα, intercellular adhesion molecule ICAM1, PGE1, PGE2 and the newly detected 16-hydroxypalmitic acid (16-HPAL) in metabolic syndrome patients. The cytokine and oxylipin production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and neutrophils could be responsible for the plasma concentrations of TNFα and IL6, but not for the plasma concentration of oxylipins nor its post-exercise increase. The intake of sodium nitrate 30 min before exercise increased the concentration of nitrate and nitrite in the oral cavity and plasma and reduced the oxygen cost of exercise. Additionally, nitrate intake prevented the enhancing effects of acute exercise on the plasma concentration of TNFα, ICAM1, PGE1, PGE2 and 16-HPAL, while reducing the capabilities of PBMCs and neutrophils to produce oxylipins.
The Role of Oxidative Stress in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Chang Kuo-Hsuan , Chen Chiung-Mei
Published: July 2020

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is caused by progressive neurodegeneration of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons with abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein in substantia nigra (SN). Studies have suggested the potential involvement of dopamine, iron, calcium, mitochondria and neuroinflammation in contributing to overwhelmed oxidative stress and neurodegeneration in PD. Function studies on PD-causative mutations of SNCA, PRKN, PINK1, DJ-1, LRRK2, FBXO7 and ATP13A2 further indicate the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of PD. Therefore, it is reasonable that molecules involved in oxidative stress, such as DJ-1, coenzyme Q10, uric acid, 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosin, homocysteine, retinoic acid/carotenes, vitamin E, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, xanthine oxidase and products of lipid peroxidation, could be candidate biomarkers for PD. Applications of antioxidants to modulate oxidative stress could be a strategy in treating PD. Although a number of antioxidants, such as creatine, vitamin E, coenzyme Q10, pioglitazone, melatonin and desferrioxamine, have been tested in clinical trials, none of them have demonstrated conclusive evidence to ameliorate the neurodegeneration in PD patients. Difficulties in clinical studies may be caused by the long-standing progression of neurodegeneration, lack of biomarkers for premotor stage of PD and inadequate drug delivery across blood–brain barrier. Solutions for these challenges will be warranted for future studies with novel antioxidative treatment in PD patients.