bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
À même le son de l’orgue : improviser, recréer, composer à la tribune de la Trinité
Authors: Lacôte Thomas
Published: September 2020

À partir de l’exemple du grand orgue de l’église de la Trinité à Paris, de celui d’Olivier Messiaen, qui en fut le titulaire pendant 60 ans, et de mon travail actuel à ce poste, cet article cherche à repenser l’activité de l’organiste créateur à sa tribune et à situer sa singularité dans le champ de la création musicale, aux croisements de l’improvisation et de la composition. Grâce à de nouvelles sources, l’étude, voire la remise en actes, de différentes pratiques de Messiaen à ses claviers conduit à mettre en question ces deux catégories et leurs hybridations. De leur confrontation émerge la problématique des relations entre instrument, son et écriture, sur laquelle l’orgue offre un point d’observation singulier. Quelques exemples issus de mes Études pour orgue (2006-2015) montrent comment l’invention en interaction directe avec les phénomènes sonores complexes de l’orgue peut contribuer à renouveler les liens entre improvisation et composition et à interroger les pratiques contemporaines de la création musicale.
Rendre audible l’indéterminé : l’Ensemble Hodos joue Philip Corner
Authors: Badaroux Pierre-Antoine , Beliah Sébastien
Published: September 2020

De 2008 à 2018, l’Ensemble Hodos a réuni des musiciens improvisateurs autour d’oeuvres indéterminées par différents aspects (orchestration, notation, forme, etc.). Entre 2011 et 2018, l’Ensemble a aussi régulièrement collaboré avec Philip Corner pour une rétrospective de ses créations. Cet article revient sur cette riche expérience, ainsi que sur les problématiques relatives à l’interprétation d’oeuvres « indéterminées » et à ses liens avec l’improvisation.
Follower Engagement in Elementary Schools: A Multi-Site Study
Authors: Owens Michael A. , Hallam Pamela R. , Brown Samuel D.
Published: September 2020

As globalization continues to impact local education agencies, learning about constituent engagement in schools provides important insights into how these actors respond. Using a followership framework, faculty and support staff at three public elementary schools in geographically diverse
areas of the United States were interviewed regarding their roles as followers within their school and their influence on the school’s ability to carry out its core purposes. Findings suggest that follower behaviors could be grouped in three broad categories: consideration, cooperation,
and commitment. Behaviors of consideration included doing one’s job, learning expectations, fitting in, and isolating. Cooperation involved making an effort, settling in, following through, and working together. Finally, behaviors in the commitment category were paying it forward, taking
it to the next level, building a legacy, and being part of a team. These follower behaviors appeared to move from actions revealing self-interest to those showing explicit social connection to the sites studied; however, even follower behaviors of consideration have potential positive ramifications
for schools and other organizations. Leaders and committed followers would benefit from considering the full range of follower behaviors and asking themselves what those behaviors communicate about the varying needs, capacities, and contributions of all members of their organizations.
Natural variation in autumn expression is the major adaptive determinant distinguishing Arabidopsis FLC haplotypes
Authors: Hepworth Jo , Antoniou-Kourounioti Rea L , Berggren Kristina , Selga Catja , Tudor Eleri H , Yates Bryony , Cox Deborah , Collier Harris Barley Rose , Irwin Judith A , Howard Martin , Säll Torbjörn , Holm Svante , Dean Caroline
Published: September 2020

In Arabidopsis thaliana, winter is registered during vernalization through the temperature-dependent repression and epigenetic silencing of floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). Natural Arabidopsis accessions show considerable variation in vernalization. However, which aspect of the FLC repression mechanism is most important for adaptation to different environments is unclear. By analysing FLC dynamics in natural variants and mutants throughout winter in three field sites, we find that autumnal FLC expression, rather than epigenetic silencing, is the major variable conferred by the distinct Arabidopsis FLChaplotypes. This variation influences flowering responses of Arabidopsis accessions resulting in an interplay between promotion and delay of flowering in different climates to balance survival and, through a post-vernalization effect, reproductive output. These data reveal how expression variation through non-coding cis variation at FLC has enabled Arabidopsis accessions to adapt to different climatic conditions and year-on-year fluctuations.
Breakage of the oligomeric CaMKII hub by the regulatory segment of the kinase
Authors: Karandur Deepti , Bhattacharyya Moitrayee , Xia Zijie , Lee Young Kwang , Muratcioglu Serena , McAffee Darren , McSpadden Ethan D , Qiu Baiyu , Groves Jay T , Williams Evan R , Kuriyan John
Published: September 2020

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is an oligomeric enzyme with crucial roles in neuronal signaling and cardiac function. Previously, we showed that activation of CaMKII triggers the exchange of subunits between holoenzymes, potentially increasing the spread of the active state (Stratton et al., 2014; Bhattacharyya et al., 2016). Using mass spectrometry, we show now that unphosphorylated and phosphorylated peptides derived from the CaMKII-α regulatory segment bind to the CaMKII-α hub and break it into smaller oligomers. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the regulatory segments dock spontaneously at the interface between hub subunits, trapping large fluctuations in hub structure. Single-molecule fluorescence intensity analysis of CaMKII-α expressed in mammalian cells shows that activation of CaMKII-α results in the destabilization of the holoenzyme. Our results suggest that release of the regulatory segment by activation and phosphorylation allows it to destabilize the hub, producing smaller assemblies that might reassemble to form new holoenzymes.
Minimally dependent activity subspaces for working memory and motor preparation in the lateral prefrontal cortex
Authors: Tang Cheng , Herikstad Roger , Parthasarathy Aishwarya , Libedinsky Camilo , Yen Shih-Cheng
Published: September 2020

The lateral prefrontal cortex is involved in the integration of multiple types of information, including working memory and motor preparation. However, it is not known how downstream regions can extract one type of information without interference from the others present in the network. Here, we show that the lateral prefrontal cortex of non-human primates contains two minimally dependent low-dimensional subspaces: one that encodes working memory information, and another that encodes motor preparation information. These subspaces capture all the information about the target in the delay periods, and the information in both subspaces is reduced in error trials. A single population of neurons with mixed selectivity forms both subspaces, but the information is kept largely independent from each other. A bump attractor model with divisive normalization replicates the properties of the neural data. These results provide new insights into neural processing in prefrontal regions.
KEYLINK: towards a more integrative soil representation for inclusion in ecosystem scale models. I. review and model concept
Authors: Deckmyn Gaby , Flores Omar , Mayer Mathias , Domene Xavier , Schnepf Andrea , Kuka Katrin , Van Looy Kris , Rasse Daniel P. , Briones Maria J.I. , Barot Sébastien , Berg Matty , Vanguelova Elena , Ostonen Ivika , Vereecken Harry , Suz Laura M. , Frey Beat , Frossard Aline , Tiunov Alexei , Frouz Jan , Grebenc Tine , Öpik Maarja , Javaux Mathieu , Uvarov Alexei , Vindušková Olga , Henning Krogh Paul , Franklin Oskar , Jiménez Juan , Curiel Yuste Jorge
Published: September 2020

The relatively poor simulation of the below-ground processes is a severe drawback for many ecosystem models, especially when predicting responses to climate change and management. For a meaningful estimation of ecosystem production and the cycling of water, energy, nutrients and carbon, the integration of soil processes and the exchanges at the surface is crucial. It is increasingly recognized that soil biota play an important role in soil organic carbon and nutrient cycling, shaping soil structure and hydrological properties through their activity, and in water and nutrient uptake by plants through mycorrhizal processes. In this article, we review the main soil biological actors (microbiota, fauna and roots) and their effects on soil functioning. We review to what extent they have been included in soil models and propose which of them could be included in ecosystem models. We show that the model representation of the soil food web, the impact of soil ecosystem engineers on soil structure and the related effects on hydrology and soil organic matter (SOM) stabilization are key issues in improving ecosystem-scale soil representation in models. Finally, we describe a new core model concept (KEYLINK) that integrates insights from SOM models, structural models and food web models to simulate the living soil at an ecosystem scale.
A descriptive study of random forest algorithm for predicting COVID-19 patients outcome
Authors: Wang Jie , Yu Heping , Hua Qingquan , Jing Shuili , Liu Zhifen , Peng Xiang , Cao Cheng’an , Luo Yongwen
Published: September 2020

Background

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that occurred in Wuhan, China, has become a global public health threat. It is necessary to identify indicators that can be used as optimal predictors for clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients.

Methods

The clinical information from 126 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were collected from Wuhan Fourth Hospital. Specific clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, treatments and clinical outcomes were analyzed from patients hospitalized for treatment from 1 February to 15 March 2020, and subsequently died or were discharged. A random forest (RF) algorithm was used to predict the prognoses of COVID-19 patients and identify the optimal diagnostic predictors for patients’ clinical prognoses.

Results

Seven of the 126 patients were excluded for losing endpoints, 103 of the remaining 119 patients were discharged (alive) and 16 died in the hospital. A synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) was used to correct the imbalanced distribution of clinical patients. Recursive feature elimination (RFE) was used to select the optimal subset for analysis. Eleven clinical parameters, Myo, CD8, age, LDH, LMR, CD45, Th/Ts, dyspnea, NLR, D-Dimer and CK were chosen with AUC approximately 0.9905. The RF algorithm was built to predict the prognoses of COVID-19 patients based on the best subset, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the test data was 100%. Moreover, two optimal clinical risk predictors, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Myoglobin (Myo), were selected based on the Gini index. The univariable logistic analysis revealed a substantial increase in the risk for in-hospital mortality when Myo was higher than 80 ng/ml (OR = 7.54, 95% CI [3.42–16.63]) and LDH was higher than 500 U/L (OR = 4.90, 95% CI [2.13–11.25]).

Conclusion

We applied an RF algorithm to predict the mortality of COVID-19 patients with high accuracy and identified LDH higher than 500 U/L and Myo higher than 80 ng/ml to be potential risk factors for the prognoses of COVID-19 patients in the early stage of the disease.
Students 'Views on Teaching Clothing Design Education by E-Learning An Example: T. C. Istanbul Şişli Vocational School
Authors: Yaşar ÇEĞINDİR Neşe , ÖZ Cantürk
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, öğrencilerinin giysi tasarım eğitiminin e-öğrenme ile verilmesi hakkındaki bakış açılarını belirlemektir. Nitel araştırma yönteminin kullanıldığı çalışmanın materyalini T.C. Şişli Meslek Yüksekokulu Moda Tasarımı
Programında eğitim görmekte olan 111 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Veriler, araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilmiş anket formu ile toplanmıştır. Öğrencilerin; giysi tasarım eğitiminin e-öğrenmeyle verilmesi, e-öğrenmenin giysi tasarım
eğitiminde faydalı olacağını düşündükleri dersler ve bilgisayar destekli giysi çizim teknikleri ders kaynaklarına ulaşımları hakkındaki başlıklardan oluşan ifadelere, katılım likert derecelemeler ile gerçekleşmiştir. Araştırma
bulgularına göre, öğrencilerin giysi tasarım eğitiminin e-öğrenme ile verilmesine pozitif anlamda katılım göstermişlerdir. Öğrenciler, e-öğrenmenin günümüzde bir gereklilik olduğuna (x̄: 4,36); bireysel öğrenmeyi desteklediğini
(x̄: 4,41), kaynaklara istenilen anda ulaşmanın faydalı olacağına (x̄: 4,36); örgün eğitim dışında kalmış bireylere eğitimde fırsat eşitliği (x̄: 4,43) ve online anlatımlı videoların öğrenmeye katkı sağlayacağına yüksek düzeyde
katılmaktadırlar (x̄: 4,12). Öğrenciler; giysi tasarımında Türkçe bir e-öğrenme platformunu ihtiyaç olarak görmekte (x̄: 4,25); e-öğrenmenin bilgisayar destekli giysi tasarımı, artistik çizim gibi birçok derse faydalı olacağını
düşünmektedirler. (x̄: 4,12). Ancak tüm pozitif görüşlere rağmen anında kontrol ve dönüt alamamayı eksiklik olarak görmektedirler (x̄: 3,79). Çalışma ile öğrencilerin, alanlarında yeterli Türkçe kaynak bulamadıkları ve dil farklılıklarının
yabancı eğitim kaynaklarına erişimlerini engellediği; çözüm olarak giysi tasarım eğitiminde bir e-öğretim platformuna ihtiyaç olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Impact of Diesel and Electricity Price Reforms on Agricultural Gross Domestic Product in Saudi Arabia
Authors: A. MORCI Hafsa , ELBUSHRA Azharia , KINAWY Abeer
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to assess and forecast the effect of energy price reform of diesel and electricity on Saudi agricultural Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The study applied simultaneous equations model (SEM) consisting of four behavioral
equations in the logarithmic formula, using the three stages least squared method (3SLS) based on time series data during the period 2000-2018, using EViews software. The estimated SEM were used for forecasting until 2025 using
different scenarios. The results of the augmented Dicky Fuller test show that the variables are differenced stationary, that are needed because the applied (3SLS) least squares method assumes the stationarity of the analyzed time
series. The results of the estimated SEM indicated that, the quantity of electricity and that of water are the main factors affecting agricultural GDP, and agricultural demand for electricity is inelastic. In addition, an increase
of 100% in the number of food processing projects and of the export of agricultural raw materials, would lead to an increase in the agricultural gross product by 5.1% and 1.7% respectively. In that regards the study recommend encouragement
of food industry rather than exporting agricultural raw materials. The forecasting models indicated that implementation of the energy price reform plan to agriculture up to phase two (scenario 1) is the best scenario leading to
growth rate of 6.5% of gross GDP during the forecasting period of 2020-2025. The full energy price reform plan (scenario 2) will lead to a continuous decrease in agricultural GDP. In addition full price liberalization of electricity
(scenario 3) and that of diesel (scenario 4) will decrease the agricultural GDP by 6.6% and 5.7% respectively. The study recommend that the energy price reform to be limited to phase one. Furthermore if the implementation of the
plan will continue, it recommends separate application of electricity price reform and that of diesel to reduce the negative effect of their joint application on agricultural GDP.
Evaluation of Students' Attitude Levels towards Leisure Activities
Authors: DENKEL Murat , SAĞIROĞLU İsa , TAŞKIN Cüneyt , AYAR Harun
Published: September 2020

Bu araştırma, Spor Bilimleri Fakültesinde okumakta olan öğrencilerin boş zaman tutum düzeylerinin belirlenerek, bazı değişkenlerle arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymaktır. Bu araştırma betimsel tarama modeli ile gerçekleştirildi. Ayrıca
Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Araştırmaları Etik Kurulu tarafından incelenmiş, 18.07.2018 tarih ve 2018.07.02 nolu karar ile etik bilimsel standartlar açısından uygunluğuna karar verilmiştir. Çalışmanın evrenini
Trakya Üniversitesinde öğrenim gören öğrenciler oluştururken, örneklemini ise Kırkpınar Spor Bilimleri Fakültesinde öğrenim gören öğrenciler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada katılımcıların boş zaman tutumlarını belirlemek amacı ile
ilgili veri toplama aracı olarak Ragheb ve Beard (1982) yılında geliştirilen ve Türkçeye uyarlaması Akgül ve Gürbüz (2011) tarafından yapılan “Boş Zaman Tutum Ölçeği” (BZTÖ) kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların, bölüm, cinsiyet, aile
gelir ve çalışma değişkenlerine göre rekreatif etkinliklere karşı tutumları belirlenirken, ortaya çıkan veriler SPSS 25 paket programı uygulanarak analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistik yöntemleri uygulanmıştır.
Boş Zaman Tutum Ölçeği normallik testi Kolmogorav Smirnof, Levene, Basıklık (Kurtosis) ve Çarpıklık (Skewness) değerlerine bakıldığında verilerin normal dağılım göstermediği görülmektedir. Boş zamana yönelik tutumların demografik
değişkenler ile arasındaki farklılığı tespit etmeye yönelik non-parametrik testlerden Kruskal-Wallis ve Mann Whitney U testleri uygulanmıştır. Farklılığın olduğu değişkenliklerde ise hangi boyutlar ile olduğunu tespit etmeye yönelik
Post-hoc değerlerine bakılmıştır. Katılımcıların, BZTÖ’nin, bilişsel, duyuşsal, davranışsal ve tüm ölçeğe göre; cinsiyet değişkeninin tümünde, bölüm değişkeninin duyuşsal, davranışsal ve tüm ölçeğinde, çalışma değişkeninin davranışsal
ve gelir değişkeninin tüm ölçeğinde istatistiki açıdan anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmiştir (P<0,05).
Hegemonic Discourse In The Press: Andrew Craig Brunson Crisis Example (Comparison of the Statements Developed by the Government and the Sabah Internet Newspaper in the Process of the Arrest and Release of Andrew Craig Brunson)
Authors: SOY Samed , SANDIKCI Yılmaz Türker
Published: September 2020

Son yıllarda yazılı ya da görsel bazı medya organlarının haber üretim içerikleri ile siyasi iktidarın söylemleri arasında paralellik olduğu gözlemlenmektedir. İktidar sahiplerinin gündemde yer alan olay ve olgular bazında geliştirdikleri
iletişim stratejileri birtakım medya kuruluşunun haber aktarma biçimine yansımaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu tür medya organlarının haber sunuş biçimleri iktidarın söylemleri üzerinden oluşarak iktidarın eylemlerini, kararlarını ve ifadelerini
tasdik edici bir hal almaktadır. Buradan hareketle çalışmada, ülkemiz bazında Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’yle bir kriz boyutuna varan Andrew Brunson’un tutuklanma süreci ve sonrası iktidarın söylemleri ile bu söylemlerin medyaya
yansıyış biçimleri arasındaki paralellik incelenmeye değer görülmüştür. Bu bağlamda haber içerik üretim ve sunuş biçimleri açısından nispeten iktidara yakınlığıyla bilinen Turkuaz Medya Grubu’na ait ve o dönemde tirajı en yüksek
olan Sabah gazetesi internet sayfası araştırmaya dahil edilmiş, van Dijk’ın eleştirel söylem çözümlemesi kapsamında iktidarın olaya yaklaşımı ve gazetenin haber sunuş biçimi karşılaştırmalı bir analize tabi tutulmuştur. Van dijk’ın
eleştirel söylem yöntemi minvalinde iktidarın söylemleri ve habere yansıyış biçimleri makro yapı içerisinde bulunan; haber başlıkları, haber girişleri, fotoğraflar, ana olayın sunumu, ardalan ve bağlam bilgisi, sonuçlar, haber
kaynakları ile olay taraflarının değerlendirmeleri, mikro yapı içerisinde yer alan sentaktik çözümleme, bölgesel uyum, sözcük seçimleri ve haber retoriği alt başlıkları altında çözümlenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda Andrew Brunson’un tutuklanma
ve serbest bırakılma dönemlerinde iktidarın söylemlerinin farklılaşması bu farklılaşmanın sabah internet gazetesi haber içerik üretimine yansıması mercek altına alınmıştır. Brunson’un tutuklanma ve sonrası aşamasında iktidarın
geliştirdiği olumsuz söylemler ile serbest bırakılma süreciyle beraber bu söylemlerin yumuşaması gazete haber içeriklerine yansımaları açısından aynı paralelde seyretmiştir. İktidarın ilk dönemde olaya olumsuz yaklaşımı ile Sabah
internet gazetesinin olayı aktarış biçimi benzer şekilde vuku bulmuş, yine aynı zamanda Brunson’un serbest kalmasıyla birlikte ortaya çıkan ikinci dönemde iktidarın yumuşayan söylemleri paralelinde gazetenin haberi sunduğu tespit
edilmiştir. Bu çerçevede gerçekleştirilen karşılaştırmalı analizde topluma yön veren kesimin yani iktidarın söylemiyle Sabah internet gazetesinin haber sunuş biçimi niteliksel açıdan benzerlik göstermiş ve bu durum hegomonik bir
söylemin medyaya yansımasını ortaya çıkarmıştır.
Justice in a Popular Crime Drama: A Quantitative Research on The Justice Understanding of Çukur Audiences
Authors: SARI Engin , NEZİR Muslu Caner
Published: September 2020

Bu makalenin, suç ve cezayı işleyen TV dramalarının anlatılarının bir adalet sorunsalı etrafında ele alınabileceğinden hareketle cevabını aradığı temel soru şudur: "Dizi seyircileri dizilerdeki olaylara nasıl bir adalet anlayışı ile
yaklaşmaktadır?". Bu esas soru bağlamında, dizilerde sürekli işlenen suç ve ceza olgusunu izleyicilerin nasıl bir adalet anlayışıyla anlamlandırdıkları ve yorumladıkları incelenmiştir. Bu çerçevede çalışma, bu temel problematik
etrafında dizi içerikleri ile ilgili hazırlanan soruların, son birkaç yılın en popüler TV suç ve aksiyon dizisi Çukur’un izleyicilerine yöneltilmesi ile yapılmıştır. Bu anlamda bu TV izleyici araştırması, "yaygın gözlem yöntemi"
diye anılan türden, bir tür tarama araştırmasıdır. Bu sormaca (anket/tarama) dizi seyircilerinin adalet anlayışlarının göreliliği ve bu anlayışların ne şekilde farklılaştığını dizi okumaları üzerinden inceleyebilmek için üç ana
eksende tasarlanmıştır. Bu eksenler şunlardır: 1) adaletin hukuk içi mi, yoksa hukuk dışı mı sağlanması gerektiği, 2) suçun sorumluluğu bakımından kişisel mi yoksa toplumsal mı olduğu 3) cezaların öç almacı bir motivasyon ile mi,
yoksa suçlu için en az zarar ve toplum için en yüksek fayda anlayışı ile mi verilmesi gerektiği. Tarama çalışmasına 200’ün üzerinde farklı sosyoekonomik statüye sahip izleyici katılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, sıklık analizi ve
çapraz tablolar ile istatistiki olarak betimlenmiş ve Stuart Hall’ün kodlama ve kodaçımlama teorisi ve suç ve ceza konusundaki felsefi yaklaşımlar etrafında yorumlanmıştır. Ardından tartışma bölümünde bu yorumlar hem araştırmanın
temel problemine yanıt üretecek hem de iletişim ve medya araştırmalarındaki etken-edilgen izleyici meselesiyle bağlantılandırılacak tarzda irdelenmiştir. Nihai olarak, dizi izleyicilerinin, suç ve ceza olgusu bağlamında adalet
konusunu, endüstriyel ya da kültürel kodlamalar ne olursa olsun, etkin bir konumdan değerlendirebildikleri görülmüştür. Farklı sınıf, toplumsal cinsiyet ve dünya görüşüne sahip izleyicilerin, farklı adalet kavrayışları olduğu anlaşılmaktadır.
Ancak belli durumlarda medya kültürü, izleyici konumunu, medya metnini anlamlandırma çerçevelerini ve adalete dair bazı düşünceleri yönlendirmek bakımından, sınıf, dünya görüşü ve cinsiyet etkenlerinin önüne geçmiştir. Araştırma
sonunda maddi ve sembolik boyutlarıyla özne konumlarının, medya metnini anlamlandırmayı ve adalet anlayışını biçimlendirdiği, ayrıca daha genel bir medya (TV) kültürünün özgün bir izleme ve yorumlama tarzını yapılandırdığı iddia
edilebilir.
Investigation of the Relationship Between Anger Level and Child Rearing Attitude of Mothers with Children between the ages of 2-6
Authors: DOĞAN Öznur , DEMİRLİ Cihad
Published: September 2020

Mutluluk ve üzüntü gibi öfke de o duyguyu yaşatan bireye karşı sergilenen sözel ya da sözel olmayan dışa vurum tarzları arasında yer almaktadır. Öfke, gereğinden fazla yaşandığında ve kendini saldırgan tavırlarla gösterdiğinde pek
çok problemin ortaya çıkmasına yol açabilmektedir. Öfke, insanların her birinde farklı şekillerde kendini gösteren bir duygudur. Bunlar içe vurum, dışa vurum ve öfke kontrolü biçiminde ifade edilmektedir. Öfke, dozunda ve kısa
süreli ve dozunda olursa son derece faydalı bir duygudur. Ancak öfke sürekli ve şiddetli olduğunda yıkıcı bir duyguya dönüşmektedir. Dolayısıyla öfkeye yol açan faktörlerin bilinmesi ve öfkenin ifade edilme şekli son derece önemlidir.
Öfkenin ifade edilme şeklini etkileyen faktörler arasında yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim düzeyi, medeni durum ve kültür yer almaktadır. Aile içinde ortaya çıkan öfke ise aile fertlerinin tamamı üzerinde negatif sonuçlar doğurmaktadır. Bu
çalışmanın amacı 2-6 yaş arası çocuğu olan annelerin öfke düzeyi ile çocuk yetiştirme tutumu arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda İstanbul'da ikamet eden 112 katılımcı ile anket uygulaması yapılmıştır. Yapılan
araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Öfke Belirtileri Ölçeği, Ebeveyn Tutum Ölçeği ve Beck Depresyon Ölçeği toplamda 122 ifadeden oluşan likert tipi anket formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda araştırma grubunu oluşturan annelerin,
öfke belirtileri düzeyi ile aşırı koruyucu tutum ve depresyon düzeyi arasında; ciddiye alınmama düzeyi ile haksızlığa uğrama ve eleştirilme düzeyleri arasında; haksızlığa uğrama düzeyi ile eleştirilme düzeyleri arasında, eleştirilme
düzeyi ile izin verici tutum düzeyleri arasında pozitif yönlü ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir.
An Overview of Gifted Children and Their Education in the Context of Gifted Film
Authors: AFAT Nüket , ATEŞ Hatice KADIOĞLU , KARSAK Hanife Gülhan ORHAN
Published: September 2020

Öz: Özel yetenek; zeka, yaratıcılık, sanat, liderlik, motivasyon ve/veya özel yetenek alanlarında bireyin yaşıtlarından daha yüksek düzeyde performans sergileme kapasitesidir. Özel yetenekli öğrencilerin keşfedilmesi ve gereksinim
duydukları eğitim olanaklarının sunulması en başta eğitimde fırsat eşitliğinin bir gereğidir. Özel yetenekli çocukların keşfedilmesi için toplumsal farkındalığın geliştirilmesi ilk adım olarak görülmektedir. Sonrasında ise keşfedilen
öğrencilerin tam ve eksiksiz eğitim olanakları ile desteklenebilmelerinin sağlanması gerekmektedir. Bu kapsamda zenginleştirilmiş, farklılaştırılmış birçok uygulama ve materyale ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. İşte bu noktada araştırmanın
temel amacı; özel yetenekli öğrencilere yönelik toplumsal farkındalığın artırılıp keşfedilebilirliklerinin desteklenmesinde ve bu öğrencilerle çalışacak öğretmen ve uzmanların gelişiminde bir eğitim materyali olarak kullanılabilirliğinin
değerlendirmesi için Gifted filminin incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın yöntemi nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden içerik analizi olarak belirlenmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda filmde özel yeteneklilere ilişkin yansıttığı fiziksel, bilişsel,
sosyal-duygusal özellikler, yaşadıkları sorunlar ve eğitimleri şeklinde beş tema oluşturulmuştur. Sonuç olarak, Gifted filminin özel yeteneklilerin eğitimine yönelik toplumsal farkındalık kazandırmak, özel yetenekli öğrencilerin
keşfedilebiliriliklerini desteklemek, eğitim fırsatlarına dikkat çekmek üzere bir eğitim materyali olarak kullanılabilir olduğu görüşüne varılmıştır.
Improving the Efficiency of Ammonium Acetate Extraction of Soil Potassium by Saturation Extract Method
Authors: Chaitanya T. , Padmaja G. , Rao P. C.
Published: September 2020

The K-status in soils and its availability to plants has close relationship with field capacity or saturated conditions. Hence, there is a need to know the available K status through saturation extract and other parameters governing K-availability which bears close relation to normal field situation under which plants are grown. To improve the efficiency of ammonium acetate method by saturation extract method, saturation extract parameters were studied in vegetable growing soils of Ranga Reddy and Mahaboobnagar districts of Telangana and are correlated with forms of potassium, soil physical and chemical properties to know the importance of these parameters in release and availability of K to plants. The saturation extract obtained from the soils was analysed for available potassium and Ca + Mg values. Different parameters of the saturation extract viz., CRK, BCK and USQI factor were calculated to know the availability of potassium to plants. Results of correlation between BCK and USQI with exchangeable and non exchangeable K showed that these parameters influence the release and availability of K to plants and also the correlation with soil characteristics clearly indicate that the  quantity factor Kam, KL and intensity factors PBCK, BCK  are important to assess available K status. These parameters derived from K extracted by NN NH4OAc and concentration ratio of K in the saturation extract of soil i.e. BCK and USQI factor served as better indices for assessing the K supplying status of soils than K extracted by different chemical methods.
Anti Stress Activity of Phytoecdysteroids Isolated from Aerial Part of Silene claviformis
Authors: Ramazonov Nurmurod , Yusupova Ugiloy , Egamova Feruza , Syrov Vladimir
Published: September 2020

Aims: The aim of present study was to isolate the phytoedysteroids from aerial part of Silene claviformis (Caryophyllaceae) and investigate their biological activity.

Place and Duration of Study: The investigation were carried out during 2019 and 2020 at  laboratory of the chemistry of glycosides and department of the pharmacological and toxicology of  Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances AS RUz, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

Methodology: The phytoecdysteroids were isolated from aerial part of Silene claviformis using chromatographic methods. Thin-layer chromatography made on Silufol UV-254 and Merck plates, Fluka Analytical Germany, by spraying with alcohol solution of vanillin and heating for 1-2 minutes for 90-1000, UV lamp light at 254 nm and 365 nm. Their structures were confirmed by NMR and IR spectroscopy. Sum of phytoecdysteroids was administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg orally. The data obtained during the experiments were processed and analyzed by the method of variation statistics using the Student t-criterion.

Results: Silene claviformis contains 2-deoxyecdysterone (1), polypodine B (2), 20-hydroxyecdysone (3), ecdysterone-20,22-acetalisovaleric aldehyde (4),integristeron A (5),cyasterone (6), ecdysterone-20,22-acetalisovalerian (7), 2-deoxy-α-ecdysone (8). The compounds 2 and 6 are reported for the first time from this genus. The biological activity (stress-protective effect) of the mentioned phytoecdysteroids studied for the first time. These compounds were tested on male mice for their biological activities and results showed that, the adrenal gland mass increased in relation to the adrenal gland mass of intact animals by 42.6%, they showed a significant decrease in the content of ascorbic acid and cholesterol by 56.5 and 49.1%, respectively. A significant decrease in glycogen content (by 30.1%) and a noticeable activation of lipid peroxidation processes were noted in the liver, as indicated by an increase of 69.2% in the content of malondialdehyde in the organ.

Conclusion: This is the first study reporting an orally biological investigation for Silene claviformis. The sum of phytoecdysteroids showed potent stress-protective activity. The stress-protective effect of phytoecdysteroids was more pronounced in compared the eleutherococcus extract.
The Reciprocal Generalized Inverse Gaussian Frailty with Application in Life Annuity Business
Authors: Onchere Walter , Tinega Richard , Weke Patrick , Otieno Jam
Published: September 2020

Aims: As shown in literature, several authors have adopted various individual frailty mixing distributions as a way of dealing with possible heterogeneity due to unobserved covariates in a group of insurers. This research contribution is to generalize the frailty mixing distribution to nest other classes of frailty distributions not in literature and apply the proposed distributions in valuation of life annuity business.

Methodology: A simulation study is done to assess the performance of the aforementioned models. The baseline parameters is estimated using Bayesian Inference and a better model is suggested for valuation of life annuity business.

Results: As a result of generalizing the frailty some new classes of frailty distributions are constructed such as; the Reciprocal Inverse Gaussian Frailty, the Inverse Gamma Frailty, the Harmonic Frailty and the Positive Hyperbolic Frailty.

From the simulation study, the proposed new frailty models shows that ignoring frailty leads to an underestimation of future residual lifetime since the survival curve shifts to the right when heterogeneity is accounted for. This is consistent with frailty literature.

The Reciprocal Inverse Gaussian model closely represents the Association of Kenya Insurers graduated rates with a slight increase in survival due to longevity risk.

Conclusion: The proposed new frailty models show an increase in the insurers expected liability when unobserved heterogeneity is accounted for. This is consistent with frailty literature and thus can be applied to avoid underestimating the insurer’s liability in the context of life annuity business.

The RIG model as proposed in estimating future liability by directly adjusting the AKI mortality rates shows an increase in longevity risk. The extent of heterogeneity of the insured group determines the level of risk. The RIG frailties should be considered for multivariate cases where the insureds are clustered in groups.
Online support of virtual communities to diabetes mellitus carrier: bibliometric review
Authors: Alencar Delmo de Carvalho , Carvalho Dárlinton Barbosa Feres , Silva Paulo Roberto Vasconcellos-
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: Analisar a produção científica internacional que descreve o apoio de comunidades virtuais voltadas ao portador de diabetes mellitus, disponibilizada na base ISI Web of Knowledge/Web of ScienceTM. Método: Trata-se de estudo bibliométrico, no recorte temporal entre 1945 e 2018, com análise descritiva realizada com auxílio do software HistCiteTM. Resultados: Foram identificados 175 artigos, publicados em 113 periódicos distintos, escritos por 817 autores vinculados a 322 instituições de pesquisa, localizadas em 30 países, foram utilizadas 7.023 referências, com média de 40 referências por artigo. Conclusão: Embora o número de estudos sobre mídias sociais e diabetes venha crescendo, a literatura ainda aponta carência de estudos longitudinais que ampliem a compreensão dos sentidos usualmente atribuídos à doença e identifiquem lapsos cognitivos recorrentes nestes espaços, bem como a qualidade das informações que são postadas e compartilhadas online, destacando assim, a necessidade de estudos futuros que investiguem seu impacto nos usuários.
Terahertz Angle‐Multiplexed Metasurface for Multi‐Dimensional Multiplexing of Spatial and Frequency Domains
Authors: Wang Ling , Yang Yang , Deng Li , Hong Weijun , Zhang Chen , Li Shufang
Published: September 2020

Increasing information capacity is crucial for high‐capacity and high‐speed communication, especially for sub‐terahertz communication. Over the last decade, spatial multiplexing based on the orbital angular momentum (OAM) by adopting a multi‐mode OAM metasurface has attracted a lot of attention. However, current metasurface‐based OAM multiplexing methods suffer from complex and limited multiplexing channels. In this paper, a novel method to realize multi‐dimensional multiplexing combining OAM and frequency based on an angle‐multiplexed metasurface over a broadband terahertz region is proposed and investigated. A frequency‐independent phase profile formula of the angle‐multiplexed metasurface is derived. A reflective metasurface operating from 0.25 to 0.35 terahertz (THz) is designed based on this formula. For proof of concept, nine‐channel multiplexing is illustrated based on this novel method. The simulation results verify that nine‐channel off‐axis left‐hand circularly polarized beams are converted to nine orthogonal coaxial beams. Besides, according to the conventional method for OAM multiplexing, an angle‐multiplexed reflective metasurface working at 0.3 THz is designed for comparison. The simulation results show that only three‐channel multiplexing can be obtained by this model with nine‐channel incident waves. The proposed method has a great potential to enhance the transmission capacity of the communication system.
Genetic testing for inherited eye conditions in over 6,000 individuals through the eyeGENE network
Authors: Goetz Kerry E. , Reeves Melissa J. , Gagadam Shaina , Blain Delphine , Bender Chelsea , Lwin Cara , Naik Amelia , Tumminia Santa J. , Hufnagel Robert B.
Published: September 2020

Genetic testing in a multisite clinical trial network for inherited eye conditions is described in this retrospective review of data collected through eyeGENE®, the National Ophthalmic Disease Genotyping and Phenotyping Network. Participants in eyeGENE were enrolled through a network of clinical providers throughout the United States and Canada. Blood samples and clinical data were collected to establish a phenotype:genotype database, biorepository, and patient registry. Data and samples are available for research use, and participants are provided results of clinical genetic testing. eyeGENE utilized a unique, distributed clinical trial design to enroll 6,403 participants from 5,385 families diagnosed with over 30 different inherited eye conditions. The most common diagnoses given for participants were retinitis pigmentosa (RP), Stargardt disease, and choroideremia. Pathogenic variants were most frequently reported in ABCA4 (37%), USH2A (7%), RPGR (6%), CHM (5%), and PRPH2 (3%). Among the 5,552 participants with genetic testing, at least one pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant was observed in 3,448 participants (62.1%), and variants of uncertain significance in 1,712 participants (30.8%). Ten genes represent 68% of all pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in eyeGENE. Cross‐referencing current gene therapy clinical trials, over a thousand participants may be eligible, based on pathogenic variants in genes targeted by those therapies. This article is the first summary of genetic testing from thousands of participants tested through eyeGENE, including reports from 5,552 individuals. eyeGENE provides a launching point for inherited eye research, connects researchers with potential future study participants, and provides a valuable resource to the vision community.
A Modular Setup to Run a Large Line of Behavioral Testing in Mice in a Single Space
Authors: Manno Rachel , Witte John , Papouin Thomas
Published: September 2020

Elucidating the complex neural mechanisms that underlie cognition is contingent upon our ability to measure behavioral outputs reliably in animal models. While the development of open‐source software has made behavioral science more accessible, behavioral research remains underappreciated and underutilized. One reason is the large real estate necessitated by traditional behavioral setups. Space must be specifically allocated for a controlled testing environment, accommodate the large footprint of mazes used in behavioral research, and allow a contiguous computerized area for data acquisition. Additionally, to achieve the distinct and sometimes incompatible environmental conditions required by different tasks, a suite of testing rooms may be necessary. Because space is a limited resource, this makes behavioral testing impractical for some labs or leads to implementation of suboptimal solutions that compromise the ergonomics of the working space, prevent the adequate control of environmental parameters around the testing setup, and jeopardize experimental reproducibility.

Here, we describe a modular, space‐saving, self‐sufficient, functional, customizable, and cost‐efficient setup to allow a large line of behavioral tests in mice within a single, compact room (<8 m2). Because it is modular by design, this setup requires no compromises on ergonomics, environmental control, or complexity of the visual landscape. It is inherently effective at streamlining behavioral experiments by eliminating the need to redefine tracking parameters, and makes swapping between configurations fast (∼1 min) and effortless. Presently, this design allows one to run eight major behavioral tasks, permitting a detailed and comprehensive analysis of mouse behavior within the footprint of a small office. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Constructing the support table

Support Protocol 1: Constructing the open‐field maze

Support Protocol 2: Constructing IR‐permissive inserts for light‐dark assays

Support Protocol 3: Constructing the three‐chamber maze

Support Protocol 4: Constructing the Y maze

Support Protocol 5: Constructing the elevated plus maze

Support Protocol 6: Constructing the Barnes maze

Basic Protocol 2: Setting up the behavior room: flange and pulley systems

Basic Protocol 3: Setting up the behavior room: environmental and storage systems

Basic Protocol 4: Assembling and switching between configurations
Assessment of several hydrodynamic properties of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.)
Authors: Khorshidpour Bijan , Honarvar Masoud , Ahmadi Chenarbon Hossein
Published: September 2020

It is necessary to know the hydrodynamic properties of agricultural products in order to analyze the behavior of materials when transporting and grading. In this study, the samples were divided into three groups based on their mass. Based on the results, the mean length, mass, volume, density, average projected area, and shape coefficient were 21.5 cm, 408 g, 386 cm3, 1.05 g/cm3, 620.16 cm2, and 11.68 in samples with m < 500 g, 24.1 cm, 681.8 g, 627.95 cm3, 1.08 g/cm3, 876.29 cm2, and 11.95 in samples with 500 < m <1,000 g and 28.4 cm, 1,389.36 g, 1,240.5 cm3, 1.12 g/cm3, 1,402.73, and 12.15 in samples with m > 1,000 g. Moreover, the terminal velocity, falling time, buoyancy, and drag force were 0.12 m/s, 14.26 s, 3.79 N, and 0.2 N in the samples with m < 500 g, 0.16 m/s, 10.92 s, 6.30 N, and 0.29 N in the samples with 500 < m <1,000 g and 0.22 m/s, 7.94 s, 12.03 N, and 1.49 N in the samples with m > 1,000 g. It is noteworthy that the water–sugar beet density difference and the mass had the greatest effect on terminal velocity and falling time whereas shape coefficient did not significantly influence these properties.
Development and Verification of a Body Weight–Directed Disease Trial Model for Glucose Homeostasis
Authors: Farhan Nashid , Gebert Ines , Xing Yifan , Wieser Katharina , Lingineni Karthik , Ma Xiaosu , Chien Jenny Y. , Garhyan Parag , Schmidt Stephan
Published: September 2020

Weight loss has been associated with improvement in insulin sensitivity. It is consequently a cornerstone in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the strictly quantitative relationship between weight loss, insulin sensitivity, and clinically relevant glucose homeostasis biomarkers as well as changes therein as T2DM progresses is not yet fully understood. Therefore, the objective of our research was to establish a body weight–directed disease trial model for glucose homeostasis. To that end, we conducted a model‐based meta‐analysis using time course data of body weight loss (following lifestyle change or surgical procedure) and corresponding improvement of insulin sensitivity expressed as the Matsuda index. Changes in body weight were best described by a sigmoidal Emax model, whereas changes in the Matsuda index were best described by a linear model with a slope of 3.49. Once developed and verified, the model‐based meta‐analysis was linked to a disease‐drug trial model for T2DM previously developed by our group to characterize and predict the impact of weight loss on clinically relevant glucose homeostasis biomarkers. The joint model was then used to conduct clinical trial simulations, which showed that weight loss can greatly improve clinically relevant glucose homeostasis biomarkers in T2DM patients.
Sexual Health Inventory for Men Questionnaire as a Screening Method for Erectile Dysfunction in a General Urology Clinic
Authors: Alwaal Amjad , Awad Mohannad , Boggs Nathan , Kuzbel Jake , Snoad Brian
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM) is a validated questionnaire that is widely used in urology clinics to evaluate and assess treatment efficacy for erectile dysfunction (ED).

Aim

In this study, we evaluated the benefit of using the SHIM questionnaire as a screening tool for ED in a general urology clinic

Material and Methods

We retrospectively reviewed records of patients presenting to our general urology clinic from October 2018 to June 2019. During this period, all new male urology patients who are 40 years of age or older visiting the general urology clinic for any urologic condition received the SHIM questionnaire. We excluded all patients whose chief complaint was ED, Peyronie’s disease, and hypogonadism. Patients were then asked if they want treatment for ED, and those patients who did, received a full ED evaluation and treatment. Factors associated with desire for ED treatment were analyzed using logistic regression.

Main Outcome Measures

SHIM score, desire for ED treatment, and factors influencing desire for treatment.

Results

Three hundred seventy-nine patients received the SHIM questionnaire. Of which, 48 patients (12.7%) declined to fill the questionnaire. We excluded all patients presenting for sexual health issues (67 patients, 17.7%). We included the remaining 264 patients (69.6%). The mean age was 61.7 years (range 40 to 85). Older patients were more likely to want ED treatment and had lower SHIM scores. However, older than the age of 70 years, there was a decline in the number of patients wanting treatment. In a multivariate regression analysis, age between 61 and 70 years and having diabetes mellitus were associated with the desire for ED treatment.

Conclusions

The SHIM questionnaire is a useful tool in the general urology clinic. It can serve as an efficient tool to screen for and quantify ED in patients presenting for other urologic issues. Maximum benefit is seen in patients between the age of 51 and 70 years and in patients with diabetes.

Alwaal A, Awad M, Boggs N, et al. Sexual Health Inventory for Men Questionnaire as a Screening Method for Erectile Dysfunction in a General Urology Clinic. Sex Med 2020;8:660–663.