bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the rift, the (still) uneasy bedfellows of History and Organization Studies
Authors: Greenwood Anna , Bernardi Andrea
Published: December 2013

Although the use of History has become increasingly discussed and more widely applied within Organization Studies (OS), its relevance for OS still remains far from centrally accepted. This article historicizes the relationship between Sociology and History as a means of better understanding the tensions, perceived and real, that exist between History and Organization Studies. In particular we analyse three differences of epistemological standpoint (method, objectivity and usefulness) that are commonly seen as the foundation stones to incompatibility. Perhaps surprisingly for an analysis of apparent disciplinary differences, we find that these distinctions in terms of approach, once closely examined, are rarely clear-cut and historians and OS scholars are frequently closer in intention and method than they are distant. However, despite their large intersection of interests, we argue that important distinctions between the two fields should be acknowledged. Our contribution to the debates over the need for more historical approaches within OS therefore centrally rests on abandoning aspirations for fully integrative models of working together, in favour of cooperative modes that concede the fields’ differences. This subtle shift of emphasis will, we believe, greatly benefit OS scholars who hope to include historical perspectives in their work.
Mediators of adherence among adults with comorbid diabetes and depression: The role of self-efficacy and social support
Authors: Tovar Elizabeth , Rayens Mary Kay , Gokun Yevgeniya , Clark Michele
Published: December 2013

Depression and diabetes have been linked in a variety of ways, and the presence of depression in those with diabetes can negatively affect adherence to care recommendations. A sample of 201 participants with Type 2 Diabetes completed a cross-sectional survey that assessed depressive symptoms, adherence, self-efficacy, social support, and personal characteristics. Multiple regression analysis was used to test whether self-efficacy and social support mediate the relationship between depressive symptoms and adherence. The findings suggest complete mediation via self-efficacy and some types of social support. Intervening to bolster self-efficacy and social support may decrease the negative effect of depression on adherence.
Literacy of the other: The inner life of literacy
Authors: Tarc Aparna Mishra
Published: December 2013

My paper situates literacy in the pre-symbolic implications of the maternal relation. Turning to child psychoanalysis, particularly Melanie Klein's theories of infancy and symbolization, my paper discusses the role the child's inner life plays in her engagements with literacy. Citing cases of second language learning, I pose literacy as an emotional situation. I insist that educators begin to acknowledge and attend to the inner life of children in their practices of literacy. Reorienting literacy toward its emotional, relational, and maternal wellspring might develop within us new orientations to literacy as psychosocial experience and practice.
The home literacy environment: Exploring how media and parent–child interactions are associated with children's language production
Authors: Liebeskind Kara G , Piotrowski Jessica T , Lapierre Matthew A , Linebarger Deborah L
Published: December 2013

Children who start school with strong language skills initiate a trajectory of academic success, while children with weaker skills are likely to struggle. Research has demonstrated that media and parent–child interactions, both characteristics of the home literacy environment, influence children's language skills. Using a national sample of American parents of children aged 8–36 months ( n = 500), the current study evaluated how media and parent–child interactions are associated with children's language skills. Results indicated a positive association between literacy-based parent–child interactions and children's language production. The association between access to radios and children's books was mediated by parent–child interactions. These results offer important implications for creating home interventions to boost the language abilities of children before entering school.
Dignity and care for people with dementia living in nursing homes
Authors: Heggestad Anne Kari Tolo. , Nortvedt Per. , Slettebø Åshild.
Published: December 2013

This article presents and discusses findings from a qualitative study on how the dignity of patients with dementia is preserved or harmed when they live in a nursing home. The results build on participant observation in two nursing home wards, combined with qualitative interviews with seven relatives of patients with dementia. The most important issue for relatives was that their family member with dementia was confirmed as a relational human being. However, relatives experienced lack of resources and task-centred care as threats to confirming, relational care and to patients' dignity. Findings from participant observations confirmed this. In this article, we argue that care which focuses on the residents' personhood, combined with a relational focus, is of great importance in maintaining the dignity of people with dementia living in nursing homes.
The ‘ripple effect’: Towards researching improvisational music therapy in dementia care homes
Authors: Pavlicevic Mercédès , Tsiris Giorgos , Wood Stuart , Powell Harriet , Graham Janet , Sanderson Richard , Millman Rachel , Gibson Jane
Published: December 2013

Increased interest in, and demand for, music therapy provision for persons with dementia prompted this study’s exploration of music therapists’ strategies for creating musical communities in dementia care settings, considering the needs and resources of people affected by dementia. Focus group discussions and detailed iterative study of improvisational music therapy work by six experienced practitioners clarify the contextual immediacy and socio-musical complexities of music therapy in dementia care homes. Music therapy’s ‘ripple effect’, with resonances from micro (person-to-person musicking), to meso (musicking beyond ‘session time’) and macro level (within the care home and beyond), implies that all who are part of the dementia care ecology need opportunities for flourishing, shared participation, and for expanded self-identities; beyond ‘staff’, ‘residents’, or ‘being in distress’. On such basis, managers and funders might consider an extended brief for music therapists’ roles, to include generating and maintaining musical wellbeing throughout residential care settings.
Laser ultrasonic imaging and damage detection for a rotating structure
Authors: Park Byeongjin , Sohn Hoon , Yeum Chul-Min , Truong Thanh C
Published: December 2013

This study presents a laser ultrasonic imaging and damage detection technique that creates images of ultrasonic waves propagating on a rotating structure and identifies damage. Laser ultrasonics is attractive for nondestructive testing mainly because of two reasons: (1) ultrasonic waves can be generated and/or measured in a noncontact manner and (2) even a small defect can be detected when laser ultrasonic scanning produces ultrasonic images with high spatial resolution. However, when it comes to a moving target, it becomes challenging to create reliable ultrasonic images. In this study, ultrasonic wave propagation images are obtained from a rotating blade using a pulse laser beam for ultrasonic generation, a galvanometer for laser scanning, and an embedded piezoelectric sensor for ultrasonic measurement. To properly estimate the laser excitation points during the scanning process rather than to precisely control the excitation points, a simple but rather effective localization technique is developed so that ultrasonic images can be constructed even from a moving target. Once the ultrasonic wave propagation images are created, damage on the target structure is visualized using a specially designed standing wave filter.
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor reduces infarct size and preserves cardiac function via mitochondrial protection in ischaemia–reperfusion rat heart
Authors: Chinda Kroekkiat , Sanit Jantira , Chattipakorn Siriporn , Chattipakorn Nipon
Published: December 2013

Aim:

We hypothesized that dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor (vildagliptin) reduces fatal arrhythmias, cardiac dysfunction and infarct size caused by ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury via its attenuation of cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction.

Methods:

In total, 26 rats were randomized to receive either 1 mL normal saline solution or 2.0 mg/kg vildagliptin intravenously ( n = 13/group) 30 min prior to a 30-min left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion, followed by a 120-min reperfusion. Arrhythmia scores, cardiac functions, infarct size and mitochondrial function were evaluated.

Results:

Vildagliptin reduced the infarct size by 44% and mitigated cardiac dysfunction by preserving cardiac function without altering the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias. Vildagliptin increased expression of Bcl-2 and pro-caspase3 in the ischaemic area, whereas Bax and phosphorylated-connexin43/total-connexin43 were not altered. Vildagliptin attenuated cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction by reducing the reactive oxygen species level and mitochondrial swelling.

Conclusions:

DPP-4 inhibitor provides cardioprotection by reducing the infarct size and ameliorating cardiac dysfunction in I/R hearts by attenuating cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
Can I Call This Place Home? Poetic Representation of a Border Crossing by Sea
Authors: Reale Michelle
Published: December 2013

The following poems are both ethnographic and artistic in both scope and intention. I use poetic inquiry to explicate an experience in time, hoping to challenge the way in which we think of what we hear, daily, in the media about immigration and migration, and to put a human face on the phenomenon.
Reliability, Validity, and Interpretation of the Dependence Scale in Mild to Moderately Severe Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Lenderking William R. , Wyrwich Kathleen W. , Stolar Marilyn , Howard Kellee A. , Leibman Chris , Buchanan Jacqui , Lacey Loretto , Kopp Zoe , Stern Yaakov
Published: December 2013

Introduction:

The Dependence Scale (DS) was designed to measure dependence on others among patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The objectives of this research were primarily to strengthen the psychometric evidence for the use of the DS in AD studies.

Methods:

Patients with mild to moderately severe AD were examined in 3 study databases. Within each data set, internal consistency, validity, and responsiveness were examined, and structural equation models were fit.

Results:

The DS has strong psychometric properties. The DS scores differed significantly across known groups and demonstrated moderate to strong correlations with measures hypothesized to be related to dependence (| r| ≥ .31). Structural equation modeling supported the validity of the DS concept. An anchor-based DS responder definition to interpret a treatment benefit over time was identified.

Discussion:

The DS is a reliable, valid, and interpretable measure of dependence associated with AD and is shown to be related to—but provides information distinct from—cognition, functioning, and behavior.
Development of Cross-Cultural Psychological Capital and Its Relationship With Cultural Intelligence and Ethnocentrism
Authors: Reichard Rebecca J. , Dollwet Maren , Louw-Potgieter Joha
Published: December 2013

As a key construct in the field of positive organizational behavior, positive psychological capital (or PsyCap) has been well established in the work domain. In the current study, the applicability of PsyCap was extended into the domain of cross-cultural interactions and was tested via a training intervention in the United States ( n = 130) and South Africa ( n = 71). Psychological resource training targeting the underlying components of hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism resulted in significant gains in cross-cultural PsyCap, cultural intelligence, and positive emotions as well as decreases in ethnocentrism. In the South African sample, gains in PsyCap and cultural intelligence were maintained one month following training. Results are discussed within the context of psychological resource training for employees working in a diverse environment. This intervention study extends and applies PsyCap into the domain of cross-cultural development and management.
Epilepsy and Electrophysiological Findings in Polish Twins With Glycogenosis Type IIIb
Authors: Kroczka Sławomir , Biedroń Agnieszka , Kaciński Marek
Published: December 2013

Glycogen storage diseases are rare genetic disorders, mostly autosomal recessively inherited. Abnormal accumulation is because of the lack of one of the enzymes involved in glycogen metabolism. Neurological manifestation of the diseases involves muscle weakness and hypoglycemia-induced seizures. In this article, we present a history of twin sisters with unusual coincidence of glycogenosis type IIIb and epilepsy. Hypoglycemic background of seizures and organic changes of the central nervous system were excluded. Since the introduction of antiepileptic treatment, the patients have been seizure-free; however, paroxysmal electroencephalographic (EEG) changes have persisted. A high-protein and low-carbohydrate diet has protected them against hypoglycemia.
Understanding Masculinity in Undergraduate African American Men
Authors: Mincey Krista , Alfonso Moya , Hackney Amy , Luque John
Published: December 2013

This study reports findings on views of masculinity with undergraduate Black men, which included interviews and focus groups ( N = 46) with participants ranging in age from 18 to 22 years. Specifically, this study explored how Black men define being a man and being a Black man. Undergraduate Black males at a historically Black college and university ( N = 25) and a predominately White institution ( N = 21) in the Southeastern United States were recruited to participate in this study. Through the use of thematic analysis, findings indicated that three levels of masculinity exist for Black men: what it means to be a man, what it means to be a Black man, and who influences male development. Implications and recommendations for future research and practice are discussed.
Pozen Inc. v. Par Pharmaceutical, Inc.: “Fuzzy” limitations and the doctrine of equivalents
Authors: Rein Frederick H , Crystal Joseph B
Published: December 2013

In Pozen Inc. v. Par Pharmaceutical, Inc., 696 F.3d 1151 (Fed. Cir. 2012), the Federal Circuit addressed the application of the doctrine of equivalents to ‘fuzzy’ claim limitations – i.e., claim limitations without set boundaries. The Federal Circuit found that even when the District Court has construed such limitations to have a definite meaning, the application of the doctrine of equivalents is not precluded. This case report presents the arguments made to the Federal Circuit by the parties and how the Federal Circuit addressed these issues.
Early experience with automated B-mode quality assurance tests
Authors: Dudley NJ , Gibson NM
Published: December 2013

Although quality assurance programmes have been recommended for many years, there is limited evidence of their efficacy. This study aimed to assess whether an automated image quality analysis method could demonstrate changes in scanner performance in a quality assurance programme. Test object images were analysed, measuring lateral resolution, low contrast penetration, slice thickness, anechoic target visibility and grey-scale target contrast and visibility. Known and suspected scanner faults were investigated and routine results were reviewed. At least one variable changed in response to each known or suspected scanner fault. Resolution and grey-scale target visibility changed due to image shadowing. Slice thickness, lateral resolution and grey-scale target contrast were affected where users reported deterioration in image quality. A single probe fell out of tolerance on routine testing, due to an unrecorded change to the default preset by the supplier’s representative. Interpretation of individual results is not always intuitive, observed changes depending on the shape of the grey-scale transfer curve and on target and background echo levels. Our results have provided evidence for the efficacy of this method of performance testing. Further experience is required to evaluate this method for prospective detection of faults and further work is required to determine optimum scanner settings and test object properties to maximise fault detection and to reduce the dependence of results on confounding factors.
Porcine cholecyst–derived scaffold promotes full-thickness wound healing in rabbit
Authors: Revi Deepa , Vineetha Vadavanath Prabhakaran , Muhamed Jaseer , Rajan Akhila , Anilkumar Thapasimuthu Vijayamma
Published: December 2013

Graft-assisted healing is an important strategy for treating full-thickness skin wounds. This study evaluated the properties of porcine cholecyst–derived scaffold and its use for treating full-thickness skin wound in rabbit. The physical properties of cholecyst-derived scaffold were congenial for skin-graft application. Compared to a commercially available skin-graft substitute made of porcine small intestinal submucosa, the cholecyst-derived scaffold was rich in natural biomolecules like elastin and glycosaminoglycans. When used as a xenograft, it promoted healing with excess cell proliferation at early phases and acceptable collagen deposition in the later remodelling phases.
“Justification” in NIrV and NIV 2011: Two Very Different Approaches from the Same Stable
Authors: Moore Richard K.
Published: December 2013

The New International Reader’s Version (NIrV) of 2005, and the New International Version, as revised in 2011 (NIV 2011), derive from the same stable. NIV 2011 is a “standard” English version, while NIrV is in simplified English, having in mind children and those whose competence in English and/or whose knowledge of the Bible is limited. This study demonstrates the very different approaches these two versions take to rendering the key word-family for Paul’s doctrine of “justification.” It concludes that Paul’s intentions are conveyed more effectively in NIrV (notwithstanding its limitations) and suggests why NIV 2011 fails at this point.
Translating Jonah 2.9: Looking for a Breath of Fresh Air
Authors: Love Nathan Patrick
Published: December 2013

Many understand Jonah 2.9 (8) as the author’s condemnation of idol worship. In this article I suggest that the author is providing advice for life that comes out of the threat of drowning seen within both the poetic prayer (Jonah 2.3-10) and the preceding narrative (Jonah 1.1–2.2). A preferred translation is: “Those continuing to hold on to empty breaths forsake their Faithful Love.” Disagreements over the translation of this verse center on four issues: (1) the initial pi‘el verb; (2) the construct phrase הבלי־שׁוא; (3) the semantics of חסד; and (4) the relationship between חסד and its 3mp suffix.
Theological interpretation and translation reception: translating “Spirit of God” in Genesis 1.1-2
Authors: Nyirenda Misheck
Published: December 2013

Bible translators must be concerned with both the preservation of the meanings in the source texts and the reception of their translations. The latter brings to the task of translating the need to place in the main text renderings that may not be the clearest, but that reflect sensitivity to the perceived theological sentiments of the intended readers. In such cases, the translator must not only be concerned with exegetical issues, but also reception issues, without sacrificing the one for the other. This article examines the translation of Gen 1.1-2 in the NRSV to illustrate this challenge.
Training Indigenous Bible Translators: A Comparison of Some Current Approaches and Programmes
Authors: Koroma Regine
Published: December 2013

The article discusses recent developments in the training of indigenous Bible translators. In a search for academically sound yet holistic and practice-oriented training, three training programmes are compared. Based on the common ground in approach and content and an awareness of recurring issues, closer collaboration of those involved in this field is proposed to reduce duplication of effort and seek best practices. The first meeting was the workshop “Training Bible Translators in Non-Western Contexts,” which took place in October 2013 in Dallas.
India’s Nationhood: History as Contemporary Politics
Authors: Sheth D.L.
Published: December 2013

The discipline of history has failed to recognize that it has always been affected by contemporary politics in diverse ways, despite attempts to maintain its autonomy. The article argues that unless the relationship between history and contemporary politics is defined, both would be misused for partisan ends. On this backdrop, the article explores relations between the two in the Indian context and argues that, in India, history was always influenced by political imperatives and contestations. History was used to affirm or deny the claims of the existence of an Indian nation since times immemorial. The article further argues that the use of history for the political project of historically constituting an Indian nation was integral to the events surrounding independence and partition.
Gross Violations of Duverger’s Law in India
Authors: Mayer Peter
Published: December 2013

In his famous study of the impact of electoral regimes on party systems, Duverger suggested that two-party systems are always found to be associated with single-member constituencies where candidates are elected by a plurality of votes ( Duverger, 1964 ).

Many studies of what Rae called the political consequences of electoral laws have tended to confirm this well-known electoral ‘law’. A few studies ( Betz, 2006 ; Chhibber and Murali, 2006 ; Diwakar, 2007 , 2010 ), however, have drawn attention to India’s exceptionalism in terms of party aggregation.

This article explores a relatively minor—and thus less-examined but nonetheless puzzling—aspect of Indian exceptionalism: the spectacular failure overall of candidates (and of minor parties) to conform to Duverger’s law. Since 1957, the first national election after States Reorganisation, the average number of candidates standing in Lok Sabha constituencies in all states has tended to rise. In 2004, for example, in all but four states there were more than 10 candidates per constituency in over 90 per cent of constituencies.

In this article I explore why neither the mechanical nor the psychological processes commonly understood to be so compelling elsewhere exert significant influence in India. This suggests that there are hitherto unrecognized presuppositions to Duverger’s law.
Book Review: Security and Development in India’s Northeast, Confronting the State: ULFA’s Quest for Sovereignty and Perilous Journey: Debates on Security and Development in Assam
Authors: Singh Deepak K.
Published: December 2013

Gurudas Das, Security and Development in India’s Northeast. New Delhi: Oxford University Press India. 2012. 181 pages. ₹ 595.

Nani Gopal Mahanta, Confronting the State: ULFA’s Quest for Sovereignty. New Delhi: SAGE Publications. 2013. 348 pages. ₹ 750.

Rakhee Bhattacharya and Sanjay Pulipaka, eds, Perilous Journey: Debates on Security and Development in Assam. New Delhi: Manohar Publications. 2011. 257 pages. ₹ 695.
Book Review: New Subjects and New Governance in India
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh
Published: December 2013

Ranabir Samaddar and Suhit K. Sen, eds, New Subjects and New Governance in India. New Delhi: Routledge. 2012. 605 pages. ₹ 895.
Meta-analysis of low-molecular-weight heparin to prevent recurrent placenta-mediated pregnancy complications
Authors: Rodger Marc A. , Carrier Marc , Le Gal Grégoire , Martinelli Ida , Perna Annalisa , Rey Évelyne , de Vries J. I. P. , Gris Jean-Christophe
Published: December 2013

A 35-year-old woman with recurrent severe placenta-mediated pregnancy complications in her 2 pregnancies asks: Will low-molecular-weight heparin help prevent recurrent placenta-mediated pregnancy complications in my next pregnancy? We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) vs no LMWH for the prevention of recurrent placenta-mediated pregnancy complications. We identified six RCTs that included a total of 848 pregnant women with prior placenta-mediated pregnancy complications. The primary outcome was a composite of pre-eclampsia (PE), birth of a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) newborn (<10th percentile), placental abruption, or pregnancy loss >20 weeks. Overall, 67 (18.7%) of 358 of women being given prophylactic LMWH had recurrent severe placenta-mediated pregnancy complications compared with 127 (42.9%) of 296 women with no LMWH (relative risk reduction, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.86; P = .01; I2, 69%, indicating moderate heterogeneity). We identified similar relative risk reductions with LMWH for individual outcomes, including any PE, severe PE, SGA <10th percentile, SGA <5th percentile, preterm delivery <37 weeks, and preterm delivery <34 weeks with minimal heterogeneity. LMWH may be a promising therapy for recurrent, especially severe, placenta-mediated pregnancy complications, but further research is required.
Distinct roles for hepcidin and interleukin-6 in the recovery from anemia in mice injected with heat-killed Brucella abortus
Authors: Gardenghi Sara , Renaud Tom M. , Meloni Alessandra , Casu Carla , Crielaard Bart J. , Bystrom Laura M. , Greenberg-Kushnir Noa , Sasu Barbra J. , Cooke Keegan S. , Rivella Stefano
Published: December 2013

Key Points

Investigation of the distinct roles of hepcidin and interleukin 6 on iron metabolism and inflammation in the onset and resolution of AI.
Abiotic stress-induced accumulation of raffinose in Arabidopsis leaves is mediated by a single raffinose synthase (RS5, At5g40390)
Authors: Egert Aurélie , Keller Felix , Peters Shaun
Published: December 2013

Background

The sucrosylgalactoside oligosaccharide raffinose (Raf, Suc-Gal1) accumulates in Arabidopsis leaves in response to a myriad of abiotic stresses. Whilst galactinol synthases (GolS), the first committed enzyme in Raf biosynthesis are well characterised in Arabidopsis, little is known of the second biosynthetic gene/enzyme raffinose synthase (RS). Conflicting reports suggest the existence of either one or six abiotic stress-inducible RSs (RS-1 to -6) occurring in Arabidopsis. Indirect evidence points to At5g40390 being responsible for low temperature-induced Raf accumulation in Arabidopsis leaves.

Results

By heterologously expressing At5g40390 in E.coli, we demonstrate that crude extracts synthesise Raf in vitro, contrary to empty vector controls. Using two independent loss-of-function mutants for At5g40390 (rs 5–1 and 5–2), we confirm that this RS is indeed responsible for Raf accumulation during low temperature-acclimation (4°C), as previously reported. Surprisingly, leaves of mutant plants also fail to accumulate any Raf under diverse abiotic stresses including water-deficit, high salinity, heat shock, and methyl viologen-induced oxidative stress. Correlated to the lack of Raf under these abiotic stress conditions, both mutant plants lack the typical stress-induced RafS activity increase observed in the leaves of wild-type plants.

Conclusions

Collectively our findings point to a single abiotic stress-induced RS isoform (RS5, At5g40390) being responsible for Raf biosynthesis in Arabidopsis leaves. However, they do not support a single RS hypothesis since the seeds of both mutant plants still contained Raf, albeit at 0.5-fold lower concentration than seeds from wild-type plants, suggesting the existence of at least one other seed-specific RS. These results also unambiguously discount the existence of six stress-inducible RS isoforms suggested by recent reports.
Guidelines for the use and management of long-acting injectable antipsychotics in serious mental illness
Authors: Llorca Pierre Michel , Abbar Mocrane , Courtet Philippe , Guillaume Sebastien , Lancrenon Sylvie , Samalin Ludovic
Published: December 2013

Background

Long-acting injectable (LAI) formulations are not widely used in routine practice even though they offer advantages in terms of relapse prevention. As part of a process to improve the quality of care, the French Association for Biological Psychiatry and Neuropsychopharmacology (AFPBN) elaborated guidelines for the use and management of antipsychotic depots in clinical practice.

Methods

Based on a literature review, a written survey was prepared that asked about 539 options in 32 specific clinical situations concerning 3 fields: target-population, prescription and use, and specific populations. We contacted 53 national experts, 42 of whom (79%) completed the survey. The options were scored using a 9-point scale derived from the Rand Corporation and the University of California in the USA. According to the answers, a categorical rank (first-line/preferred choice, second-line/alternate choice, third-line/usually inappropriate) was assigned to each option. The first-line option was defined as a strategy rated as 7–9 (extremely appropriate) by at least 50% of the experts. The following results summarize the key recommendations from the guidelines after data analysis and interpretation of the results of the survey by the scientific committee.

Results

LAI antipsychotics are indicated in patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder and bipolar disorder. LAI second-generation antipsychotics are recommended as maintenance treatment after the first episode of schizophrenia. LAI first-generation antipsychotics are not recommended in the early course of schizophrenia and are not usually appropriate in bipolar disorder. LAI antipsychotics have long been viewed as a treatment that should only be used for a small subgroup of patients with non-compliance, frequent relapses or who pose a risk to others. The panel considers that LAI antipsychotics should be considered and systematically proposed to any patients for whom maintenance antipsychotic treatment is indicated. Recommendations for medication management when switching oral antipsychotics to LAI antipsychotics are proposed. Recommendations are also given for the use of LAI in specific populations.

Conclusion

In an evidence-based clinical approach, psychiatrists, through shared decision-making, should be systematically offering to most patients that require long-term antipsychotic treatment an LAI antipsychotic as a first-line treatment.
The process of recovery in women who experienced psychosis following childbirth
Authors: McGrath Laura , Peters Sarah , Wieck Angelika , Wittkowski Anja
Published: December 2013

Background

Psychosis following childbirth affects 1–2 mothers per 1000 deliveries. Onset is rapid and functioning is severely affected. Although prognosis in terms of symptom remission is generally good, long-term disability can persist. The study’s aim was to develop a theoretical understanding of recovery from psychosis following childbirth.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 women with experience of psychosis following childbirth. Interview transcripts were analysed using grounded theory methodology.

Results

A theory of four superordinate themes was developed from the data, including: (i) the process of recovery; (ii) evolving an understanding; (iii) strategies for recovery; and (iv) sociocultural context. The process of recovery and women’s understanding of their experience were conceptualised as parallel processes, which informed one another. Women found that a diagnosis facilitated their use of particular strategies.

Conclusions

This study highlighted a complex and ongoing process of recovery from psychosis following childbirth. Sensitivity to a woman’s position in the process of recovery has the potential to facilitate professionals in assessing readiness for different interventions which will be likely to result in women feeling more understood, accepted and supported.
Association between shift work and obesity among female nurses: Korean Nurses’ Survey
Authors: Kim Min-Ju , Son Kuk-Hui , Park Hyun-Young , Choi Dong-Ju , Yoon Chang-Hwan , Lee Hea-Young , Cho Eun-Young , Cho Myeong-Chan
Published: December 2013

Background

Shift work has been hypothesized as a risk factor for obesity. In this study, we investigated the association between current shift work and body mass index (BMI) among female nurses in Korea. The relationship between duration of shift work and BMI of the participants was also evaluated.

Methods

This cross-sectional survey evaluated participants in the Korean Nurses’ Survey, conducted from October to December 2011, using web-based self-administered questionnaires. A total of 9,989 nurses were included among 10,000 who registered on the survey web site (5,287 shift workers and 4,702 non-shift workers). Current shift workers were divided into tertiles of shift work duration (0.08–3.00 years, n = 1,732; 3.08–6.75 years, n = 1,731; and 6.83–38.00 years, n = 1,686). The BMI thresholds of overweight and obesity were ≥23 kg/m2 and ≥25 kg/m2, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.

Results

Mean participant age was 33.2 ± 8.6 years and the mean BMI was 20.9 ± 2.5 kg/m2. There were statistically significant differences in current smoking status, regular drinking habit, dietary habits, regular exercise, sleep problems and self-perceived health status according to duration of shift work. The overall prevalence of overweight/obesity (18.6%) and obesity (7.4%) increased significantly as shift work duration increased from the lowest to highest tertile (P for trend <0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed no association between current shift work and BMI. However, after adjusting for potential confounders, the participants with the longest duration of shift work were 1.63 (95% CI, 1.22–2.17) times more likely to be overweight or obese than those with the shortest duration. There was a significant positive association between obesity and shift work duration in the unadjusted analysis; however, it was attenuated and no longer significant in the multivariate model.

Conclusions

The duration of shift work was positively associated with prevalence of overweight/obesity in nurses in Korea. Although these findings need to be confirmed in prospective studies, they suggest that special attention should be paid to female nurses with a long duration of shift work.
Awareness of breast cancer among adolescent girls in Colombo, Sri Lanka: a school based study
Authors: Ranasinghe Hasanthika M , Ranasinghe Nilakshika , Rodrigo Chaturaka , Seneviratne Rohini De A , Rajapakse Senaka
Published: December 2013

Background

Breast cancer is the commonest cancer in women worldwide. Although programmes promoting breast cancer awareness are being carried out throughout Sri Lanka, few have targeted school students. We conducted this study to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding breast cancer with reference to screening, services available, breast self-examination, and sources of information, among adolescent schoolgirls in the Colombo District of Sri Lanka.

Methods

The knowledge, attitudes and practices related to breast cancer were assessed among 859 adolescent girls in schools within the Colombo District, using a self-administered questionnaire. Classes and students were selected using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling.

Results

Of the total sample, approximately 60% of respondents identified ‘history of breast lump’, ‘family history of breast cancer’ & ‘exposure to irradiation’ as risk factors for breast cancer. Although most were aware that the presence of a breast lump was an important warning sign, awareness of other warning signs was poor. Only 35.6% identified mammogram as an effective screening method. One third of the sample maintained that they are unaware of symptoms, diagnostics and treatment of breast cancer. Of those who were aware, 90.6% named surgery as a treatment option for breast cancer, 79.4% were unaware that chemotherapy is used. Of the total sample, 17.1% knew how to perform breast self-examination, and only 9.4% were aware of currently available breast cancer screening services. Knowledge was significantly better among students who had a relative with breast cancer.

Conclusions

There were significant deficiencies in knowledge, attitudes and practices on breast cancer in the study population. In particular, knowledge on breast self examination was poor. There is a need for awareness programs aimed specifically at this important target group.
Analysis of lymphocytes in patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria and its relation to the annexin-A1 and IL-10
Authors: Borges Quessi I , Fontes Cor JF , Damazo Amílcar S
Published: December 2013

Background

Malaria is the most prevalent parasitic disease in the world. In Brazil, the largest number of malaria cases (98%) is within the Legal Amazon region, where Plasmodium vivax is responsible for over 80% of diagnosed cases. The aim of this study was to investigate the annexin-A1 expression in CD4+, CD8+ T cells, regulatory T cells (Treg) and cytokine IL-10 quantification in plasma from patients with malaria caused by P. vivax.

Methods

The quantification of the cytokine IL-10 of patients infected with P. vivax and healthy controls were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The determination of the expression of annexin-A1 in lymphocytes from patients and healthy controls was determined by immunofluorescence staining. All results were correlated with the parasitaemia and the number of previous episodes of malaria.

Results

The cytokine IL-10 plasma levels showed a significant increase in both patients with low (650.4 ± 59.3 pg/mL) and high (2870 ± 185.3 pg/mL) parasitaemia compared to the control (326.1 ± 40.1 pg/mL). In addition, there was an increase of this cytokine in an episode dependent manner (individuals with no previous episodes of malaria - primoinfected: 363.9 ± 31.1 pg/mL; individuals with prior exposure: 659.9 ± 49.4 pg/mL). The quantification of annexin-A1 expression indicated a decrease in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and an increase in Treg in comparison with the control group. When annexin-A1 expression was compared according to the number of previous episodes of malaria, patients who have been exposed more than once to the parasite was found to have higher levels of CD4+ T cells (96.0 ± 2.5 A.U) compared to primoinfected (50.3 ± 1.7). However, this endogenous protein had higher levels in CD8+ (108.5 ± 3.1) and Treg (87.5 ± 2.5) from patients primoinfected.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that in the patients infected with P. vivax the release of immunoregulatory molecules can be influenced by the parasitaemia level and the number of previous episodes of malaria. annexin-A1 is expressed differently in lymphocyte sub-populations and may have a role in cell proliferation. Furthermore, annexin-A1 may be contributing to IL-10 release in plasma of patients with vivax malaria.
Podoplanin expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts enhances tumor progression of invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas
Authors: Shindo Koji , Aishima Shinichi , Ohuchida Kenoki , Fujiwara Kenji , Fujino Minoru , Mizuuchi Yusuke , Hattori Masami , Mizumoto Kazuhiro , Tanaka Masao , Oda Yoshinao
Published: December 2013

Background

Interactions between cancer cells and surrounding cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play an important role in cancer progression. Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the pancreas is characterized by abundant fibrous connective tissue called desmoplasia. Podoplanin (PDPN) is a lymphatic vessel marker (D2-40), and expression of PDPN by stromal CAFs has been reported to be a prognostic indicator in various types of cancer.

Methods

Expression of PDPN in pancreatic IDCs was assessed by immunohistochemical examination in 105 patients who underwent pancreatic resection. Primary CAFs were established from pancreatic cancer tissue obtained by surgery. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometric analysis were performed to investigate PDPN expression in CAFs. We sorted CAFs according to PDPN expression, and analyzed the functional differences between PDPN+ CAFs and PDPN– CAFs using indirect co-culture with pancreatic cancer cell lines. We also investigated the culture conditions to regulate PDPN expression in CAFs.

Results

PDPN expression in stromal fibroblasts was associated with lymphatic vessel invasion (P = 0.0461), vascular invasion (P = 0.0101), tumor size ≥3 cm (P = 0.0038), histological grade (P = 0.0344), Union for International Cancer Control classification T stage (P = 0.029), and shorter survival time (P < 0.0001). Primary CAFs showed heterogeneous PDPN expression in vitro. Moreover, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cell lines (PANC-1 and SUIT-2) were associated with PDPN expression in CAFs (P < 0.01) and expression of CD10, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2, and MMP3. In cultured CAFs, PDPN positivity changed over time under several conditions including co-culture with cancer cells, different culture media, and addition of growth factor.

Conclusions

PDPN-expressing CAFs enhance the progression of pancreatic IDC, and a high ratio of PDPN-expressing CAFs is an independent predictor of poor outcome. Understanding the regulation of the tumor microenvironment is an important step towards developing new therapeutic strategies.
Botanical ethnoveterinary therapies in three districts of the Lesser Himalayas of Pakistan
Authors: Abbasi Arshad Mehmood , Khan Shujaul Mulk , Ahmad Mushtaq , Khan Mir Ajab , Quave Cassandra Leah , Pieroni Andrea
Published: December 2013

Background

Ethnoveterinary knowledge is highly significant for persistence of traditional community-based approaches to veterinary care. This is of particular importance in the context of developing and emerging countries, where animal health (that of livestock, especially) is crucial to local economies and food security. The current survey documents the traditional veterinary uses of medicinal plants in the Lesser Himalayas-Pakistan.

Methods

Data were collected through interviews, focus groups, participant observation, and by administering questionnaires. A total of 105 informants aged between 20–75 years old who were familiar with livestock health issues (i.e. farmers, shepherds, housewives and herbalists) participated in the study.

Results

A total of 89 botanical taxa, belonging to 46 families, were reported to have ethnoveterinary applications. The most quoted families were Poaceae (6 taxa), Fabaceae (6), Asteraceae (5), and Polygonaceae (5). Adhatoda vasica was the most cited species (43%), followed by Trachyspermum ammi (37%), and Zanthoxylum armatum var. armatum (36%). About 126 medications were recorded against more than 50 veterinary conditions grouped into seven categories. The highest cultural index values were recorded for Trachyspermum ammi, Curcuma longa, Melia azedarach, Zanthoxylum armatum var. armatum and Adhatoda vasica. The highest informant consensus factor was found for pathologies related to respiratory and reproductive disorders. Comparison with the local plant-based remedies used in human folk medicine revealed that many of remedies were used in similar ways in local human phytotherapy. Comparison with other field surveys conducted in surrounding areas demonstrated that approximately one-half of the recorded plants uses are novel to the ethnoveterinary literature of the Himalayas.

Conclusion

The current survey shows a remarkable resilience of ethnoveterinary botanical knowledge in the study area. Most of the species reported for ethnoveterinary applications are wild and under threat. Thus, not only is it imperative to conserve traditional local knowledge of folk veterinary therapies for bio-cultural conservation motives, but also to assist with in-situ and ex-situ environmental conservation initiatives, which are urgently needed. Future studies that focus on the validation of efficacy of these ethnoveterinary remedies can help to substantiate emic concepts regarding the management of animal health care and for rural development programs.
Reduced lung dose during radiotherapy for thoracic esophageal carcinoma: VMAT combined with active breathing control for moderate DIBH
Authors: Gong Guanzhong , Wang Ruozheng , Guo Yujie , Zhai Deyin , Liu Tonghai , Lu Jie , Chen Jinhu , Liu Chengxin , Yin Yong
Published: December 2013

Background

Lung radiation injury is a critical complication of radiotherapy (RT) for thoracic esophageal carcinoma (EC). Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate the feasibility and dosimetric effects of reducing the lung tissue irradiation dose during RT for thoracic EC by applying volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) combined with active breathing control (ABC) for moderate deep inspiration breath-hold (mDIBH).

Methods

Fifteen patients with thoracic EC were randomly selected to undergo two series of computed tomography (CT) simulation scans with ABC used to achieve mDIBH (representing 80% of peak DIBH value) versus free breathing (FB). Gross tumor volumes were contoured on different CT images, and planning target volumes (PTVs) were obtained using different margins. For PTV-FB, intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) was designed with seven fields, and VMAT included two whole arcs. For PTV-DIBH, VMAT with three 135° arcs was applied, and the corresponding plans were named: IMRT-FB, VMAT-FB, and VMAT-DIBH, respectively. Dosimetric differences between the different plans were compared.

Results

The heart volumes decreased by 19.85%, while total lung volume increased by 52.54% in mDIBH, compared to FB (p < 0.05). The mean conformality index values and homogeneity index values for VMAT-DIBH (0.86, 1.07) were slightly worse than those for IMRT-FB (0.90, 1.05) and VMAT-FB (0.90, 1.06) (p > 0.05). Furthermore, compared to IMRT-FB and VMAT-FB, VMAT-DIBH reduced the mean total lung dose by 18.64% and 17.84%, respectively (p < 0.05); moreover, the V5, V10, V20, and V30 values for IMRT-FB and VMAT-FB were reduced by 10.84% and 10.65% (p > 0.05), 12.5% and 20% (p < 0.05), 30.77% and 33.33% (p < 0.05), and 50.33% and 49.15% (p < 0.05), respectively. However, the heart dose-volume indices were similar between VMAT-DIBH and VMAT-FB which were lower than IMRT-FB without being statistically significant (p > 0.05). The monitor units and treatment time of VMAT-DIBH were also the lowest (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

VMAT combined with ABC to achieve mDIBH is a feasible approach for RT of thoracic EC. Furthermore, this method has the potential to effectively reduce lung dose in a shorter treatment time and with better targeting accuracy.