bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis among Teenage Mobile Users: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Asad Mohammad Rehan , Ahmad Ritu Kumar , Almalki Husam A. , Alkhathami Khalid M. , Alqahtani Bijad
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

This study aimed to demonstrate the association between smartphone use and De Quervain’s syndrome in Saudi Arabian teenagers, as well as to establish the length of phone use among these patients in order to evaluate whether it was connected to the emergence of De Quervain’s tenosynovitis.

Methodology:

This cross-sectional observational study was conducted among teenagers in Saudi Arabia studying in public and private schools. Most of the inquiries were closed-ended and sought information regarding the students’ use of various mobile phone sizes, regular text messaging, discomfort in the wrist or thumb, swelling or a snapping sound over the thumb, and limitations or pain aggravation when handling various objects.

Results:

The total number of teenagers that participated in the study was 200; 111 (55.5%) of them were males, while the remaining 89 (44.5%) were females. Out of 200 participants, 135 (67.5%) tested positive for Finkelstein disease; of these, 21 (15.5%) used smartphones for under 4 hours, 53 (39.2%) used smartphones for 5–7 hours, and 21 (15.5%) used smartphones more than 10 hours with P value of 0.008, which is significant and hence concluded that duration of using mobile phones had impact on De Quervain’s disease.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, Finkelstein’s sign, a marker that De Quervain’s illness is widespread, was present in 67.5% of the patients. Current findings suggest that De Quervain cannot be completely ruled out because of this population’s propensity to develop it.
Immunohistochemical Expression of Basement Membrane Laminin in Histological Grades of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Semiquantitative Analysis
Authors: Mangal Prakhar , Sanikop Adarsh , Pandey Vikas , Satpathy Tanushree , Sharma Ripudaman , Sharma Shilpi , Patil Dipooja
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent malignancy characterized by varying histological grades. Basement membrane laminin expression plays a crucial role in tumor invasion and progression. This study aimed to assess the immunohistochemical expression of basement membrane laminin in different histological grades of OSCC.

Materials and Methods:

Archival tissue samples of OSCC from 60 patients were categorized into well-differentiated, moderately differentiated, and poorly differentiated grades. Immunohistochemistry was performed using anti-laminin antibodies, and staining intensity was semiquantitatively analyzed using a scoring system.

Results:

The immunohistochemical analysis revealed varying levels of laminin expression across different histological grades of OSCC. Well-differentiated tumors showed an average staining intensity score of 7.2 (SD ± 1.5), moderately differentiated tumors had a score of 5.8 (SD ± 1.2), and poorly differentiated tumors exhibited a score of 4.3 (SD ± 0.9). Statistical analysis indicated a significant difference in laminin expression between histological grades (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Our findings demonstrate a progressive decrease in basement membrane laminin expression with an increasing histological grade of OSCC. This suggests that laminin may be a potential biomarker for assessing tumor aggressiveness and prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Exploring correlations between Conners’ Continuous Performance Test and subjective measures of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in a paediatric clinical sample
Authors: Poh Xue Wei Wendy , Lim Shernice Shi Yun , Chew Ying Yin , Lim-Ashworth Nikki Shi Jie , Lim Choon Guan
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental condition characterised by inattention and/or hyperactivity–impulsivity. The ADHD symptoms are often evaluated and quantified using various assessment tools, such as the Conners’ Continuous Performance Test II (CCPT-II), ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS), Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL), Clinical Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) and Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGIS). This study sought to compare CCPT-II with parent- and clinician-rated rating scales (ADHD-RS, CBCL, CGAS and CGIS) in measuring the core ADHD symptoms within the paediatric ADHD population.

Methods:

The data, gathered from a large-scale randomised controlled trial involving 172 children aged 6–12 years with ADHD, was pooled, and a Pearson correlation analysis was conducted.

Results:

No significant correlations were observed between CCPT-II and ADHD-RS, as well as the various subscales of CBCL, CGAS and CGIS.

Conclusion:

While CCPT-II may offer insights into ADHD symptomatology, its relationship with parent- and clinician-rated rating scales such as ADHD-RS, CBCL, CGAS and CGIS appears limited. Further research is warranted to elucidate the nuances of these assessment tools and their roles in evaluating ADHD.
Personalised transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment-resistant depression, depression with comorbid anxiety and negative symptoms of schizophrenia: a narrative review
Authors: Tan Xiao Wei , Gulwant Singh Hasvinjit Kaur , Koh Jovi Zheng Jie , Tan Rachel Si Yun , Tor Phern Chern
Published: October 2024

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a promising intervention for treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders. However, conventional TMS typically utilises a one-size-fits-all approach when determining stimulation targets. Recent retrospective brain circuit-based analyses using lesion network mapping have suggested that a left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex target has a higher efficacy for alleviating depression symptoms, a dorsomedial prefrontal cortex target is more effective for anxiety symptoms, and a rostromedial prefrontal cortex target is effective for schizophrenia-associated psychiatric symptoms. Nonetheless, symptom-specific brain circuit targeting has not been tested prospectively. We conducted a narrative review of selected literature to investigate individualised targeting for TMS and discuss potential future directions to elucidate the efficacy of this approach.
Experience and level of confidence in the management of dental trauma among dental students and fresh graduate dentists
Authors: Ikhile Favour Osasenaga , Joan Enabulele Emien
Published: October 2024

Background:

Dental trauma is one of the most serious and frequent oral problems in active children as well as adolescents worldwide. Anyone can be a victim. Hence, the level of competence in the management cannot be undermined.

Aim:

This study aims to evaluate the experience and confidence in the management of dental trauma among dental students and fresh graduate dentists in Benin City, Nigeria.

Methodology:

This questionnaire-based, analytical, and cross-sectional study utilized a self-administered questionnaire containing 15 closed- and open-ended questions to garner data from respondents. Data from 95 respondents were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Studies software version 26.0 (IBM Corporation, Chicago, Illinois, USA.), and both univariate and bivariate analyses were used in this study.

Results:

A substantial proportion of respondents 73 (76.8%) had never managed any case of dental trauma. A relatively higher proportion of respondents were more confident in managing cases of enamel fracture 18 (18.9%), enamel infraction 17 (17.9%), and enamel-dentine fracture 12 (12.6%) as compared to other more complicated fractures.

Conclusion:

The experience and level of confidence in the management of dental trauma among dental students and fresh graduate dentists were found to be poor, and they were more confident in managing less complicated cases of dental trauma.
Lateral pedicle graft for the treatment of isolated tooth recession
Authors: Sharma Shikha
Published: October 2024

Gingival recession is defined as the apical migration of the gingival margin from its normal position leading to exposure of the root surface. It not only poses problems in maintaining good oral hygiene but also simultaneously hampers the esthetics. In the present case, the patient came up with a complaint of a denuded root surface due to apical migration of the gingival margin and also a complaint of sensitivity in the same. The case was diagnosed as chronic generalized gingivitis with localized periodontitis in relation to 31. Based on the clinical outcomes, the lateral pedicle graft (LPG) technique was performed. A complete coverage of the exposed root surface was achieved. This case report shows that a simple technique of root coverage like LPG can result in the successful coverage of the denuded root surface.
Torsion homology growth and cheap rebuilding of inner-amenable groups
Authors: Uschold Matthias
Published: October 2024

We prove that virtually torsion-free, residually finite groups that are inner-amenable and non-amenable have the cheap 1-rebuilding property, a notion recently introduced by Abért, Bergeron, Frączyk and Gaboriau. As a consequence, the first

\ell^{2}

-Betti number with arbitrary field coefficients and log-torsion in degree

1

vanish for these groups. This extends results previously known for amenable groups to inner-amenable groups. We use a structure theorem of Tucker-Drob for inner-amenable groups showing the existence of a chain of

q

-normal subgroups.
Persistence $K$-theory
Authors: Biran Paul , Cornea Octav , Zhang Jun
Published: October 2024

This paper studies the basic

K

-theoretic properties of a triangulated persistence category (TPC). This notion was introduced in the preprint by Biran, Cornea, and Zhang (2024) and it is a type of category that can be viewed as a refinement of a triangulated category in the sense that the morphisms sets of a TPC are persistence modules. We calculate the

K

-groups in some basic examples and discuss an application to Fukaya categories and to the topology of exact Lagrangian submanifolds.
Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Vernonia amygdalina Del. Leaf Extract
Authors: S. I Maryam , . H Abdulsalam , M.M Namadina , A. Y Yunusa , S. A Shehu
Published: October 2024

Scientific standardization as well as possible therapeutic effects of some herbal preparations, alternatives against antibiotic resistant bacterial infections indicates a strong need for conti- nuous effort to validate the use of plant materials as alternative therapy regimens with similar or higher antibiotic beneficial properties. The study was aimed to at evaluating the phytoche- mical, antioxidant, antibacterial activities of Vernonia amygdalina leaves. Phytochemical screeing was achieved using standard qualitative phytochemical screening procedures. Antibacterial studies were carried out using agar well diffusing methods. The antioxidant activities of the methanol extract was determined using of 2, 2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Flavo- noid, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, triterpenes, carbohydrate and phenols were detec- ted in methanolic extract. The methanolic extract showed higher radical scavenging ability than ascorbic acid at the highest concentration of 1000 μg/mL. The IC50 values of the methanol  extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaves against DPPH free radical were 20.625 μg/ml. The mini- mum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract recorded respective values of 15.625 mg/ml and 31.25 mg/ml against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli and 7.8125 mg/ml and 15.625 mg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus. The FTIR analysis showed the presence of alcohol, phenol, carboxylic acid, aldehyde and ketone functional group. This study has proven the effectiveness and efficacy of Vernonia amygdalina against the tested clinical isolates.
Phytochemicals, Antioxidant and Antimalarial Activities of Combretum micranthum G. Don. Leaves
Authors: M.M Namadina , H Abdulsalam , A.Y Yunusa , A Salisu , B.D Yakasai , S.A Shehu
Published: October 2024

In Nigeria, the identification of novel compounds for the development of more effective andsafe treatments to fight malaria is urgently needed. Medicinal plants are one of the mainopportunities in the discovery of such new compounds. Combretum micranthum is a medicinal plant widely known and used in Africa to treat a variety ofconditions such as diabetes, fever, coughs, bronchitis, diarrhea, pain, malaria and liver disorders, among others. The study was aimed to evaluate the phytochemical, antioxidant, antimalarial and acute toxicity studies of Combretum micranthum leaves. Phytochemical and antimalarial evaluations were carried out using the standard methods. The antioxidant activities of the methanol extract was determined by means of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Alkaloid, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, phenols, triterpenes and steroids while anthraquinones was absent in the Combretum micranthum leaf extract. The DPPH radical scavenging ability of the extract showed the following trend methanol extract Ascorbic acid. The inhibitory effects of Combretum micranthum leaves crude extract against P. falciparum at concentrations of 500, 250, 125, 62.5 and 31.25 mg/ml with percentage growth inhibitions of 88.8-66.6 %. The FTIR analysis showed the presence of alcohol, phenol, carboxylic acid, aldehyde and ketone functional groups. GCMS analysis revealed different compounds with antioxidant and antimalarial properties. The LD50 of Combretum micranthum leaves was found to be greater than 5000 mg /kg and could be considered practically safe for consumption. The extract was found to possess constituents that may be associated with its antioxidant and antimalarial effects observed at doses tested.
An Ethnobotanical Survey on the Use of Traditional Medicine among Students in the University of Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: A. E Bankole
Published: October 2024

Traditional medicine encompasses the skill and knowledge that is derived from the beliefs, and experiences peculiar to various cultures which can be employed in the preservation and mana- gement of health. This study is an ethnobotanical survey on the use of traditional medicine among students in various faculties at the University of Lagos, Nigeria. A well-structured questionnaire was administered between March – June 2019 to about 986 respondents from all the faculties of the University. Parameters such as reasons for using traditional medicine,frequency of use of traditional medicine, source of information etc were taken to ascertain the reasons and evaluate the experiences of using traditional medicine among these students. It was analyzed statistically using predictive Analytics software (PASW) Version 17.0 and a nonparametric chi-square test analysis was used to show the relationship between the study variables as well as the level of significance of some pertinent variables at p<0.05. The study shows that family, friends, traditional healers, pharmacy shops, and the open market were the main sources of traditional medicines used by students. Among all the parameters studied in students’ behavior towards medicinal plants, there was no significant difference (p<0.05). However, there were significant differences in all parameters studied in the student charac- teristics in the use and source of traditional medicine in comparison to the range of income. It was revealed that 65.7% of the sampled population uses traditional medicine for various reasons such as treatment, prevention, maintenance, and improvement of health. In compa-rison, 34.3% of students do not use traditional medicine, and this was attributed to a lack of awareness on potency, efficiency, safety and lack of dosage. There is a need to create avenues for extensive study more on efficacy of traditional medicine and awareness campaigns to address these concerns. Also, validation of the safety of these medicines through clinical trials will help ensure the safety of traditional medicine.
Assessments and Distribution of Parasitic Plants Species on Tree Species in Kano Cosmopolitan Green Areas, Nigeria
Authors: A.A Aliko , N.A Asiru
Published: October 2024

This study offers a comprehensive assessment of mistletoe diversity, composition, and distribution on trees within Bayero University, Kano (BUK) campuses and the Kano zoological Garden, Nigeria. Mistletoes, functioning as obligate hemi- parasites, wield significant influence on forest ecosystems, shaping host tree physiology and biodiversity dynamics. Despite their ecological importance, a detailed examination of mistletoe species in these specific green zones remains scarce. This research addresses this gap by adopting a multidisciplinary approach, integrating field surveys and taxonomic analysis to furnish a holistic understanding of mistletoe prevalence and ecological interactions within these distinctive urban environments. The study reveals the presence of four mistletoe species namely: Tapinanthus dodoneifolius, Tapinanthus oleifolius, Tapinanthus globiferus, and Agelanthus dodoneifolius, parasitizing on various trees across the campuses and Kano Zoological garden, with T. globiferus emerging as the predominant species. The study identifies fifty-four tree species from sixteen families in the study area, among which ten—Azadirachta indica, Adansonia digitata, Acacia nilotica, Delbajia sisso, Gmelina arborea, Khaya senegalensis, Mangifera indica, Parkia biglobosa, Terminalia catapa, and Zizupus spina-christi—were found to be infected with mistletoe. Consequently, 372 out of the estimated 2,095 tree species within the BUK campuses were observed to be infected with four identified mistletoe species, with Azadirachta indica exhibiting the highest infestation rate and T. globiferus prevailing as the most abundant mistletoe species.
Blocking activity of Aloysia citrodoraLeaf Extract on the Sporogonic Development of Plasmodium falciparum field isolate against Anopheles gambiae S.L. (Culicidae: Diptera)
Authors: M. A Aminu , N. Abdullahi
Published: October 2024

Mosquito ingests blood consisting of male and female gametocytes during a blood meal onthe human host. The gametocytes fertilize and undergo division and produce infective sporo- zoites ready for transmission in the human host. This study is aimed at developing simple and effective technique of preventing malaria through spraying of an effective dose of Aloysia citrodora leaf extract in an environment in order to prevent the sporozoite development (sporo-gony) in the mosquito. Using membrane feeding method, female Anopheles mosquito (Anoph-eles gambiae) was directly fed with blood infected with Plasmodium falciparum. Transmission was assessed using 150 mosquitoes’ samples (test:100; control:50). A. citrodora leaf extract concentration was prepared in three-fold dilution ranging from 300, 150, and 75. One hundred and fifty (150) mosquitoes was assigned to each of the four test groups and assayed by one of the three concentrations of the extract. The mosquitoes were dissected after 7-9 days to deter- mine infection (Oocyst carriage). The result for oocyst after treatment with extract, while the control group shows the presence of Oocysts. Large number of sporozoite were present in mosquitoes fed with infected (treated) blood meal with ethyl acetate extract of A. citrodora extract 98 (19.7 ±24.9) when compared to control with 45 (8.9±9.6) number of oocyst. This result show ethyl acetate has low blocking effect on oocyst development. 62 number of oocysts presence out of 107 dissected mosquitoes with average mean of 57.9±12.9) when compared with control (untreated) with 28 (24.7±70.0) respectively. In conclusion, the possibility of using A.citrodora as bio-insecticide against Anopheles gambiae was established. The approach will be ofgreat benefit to the poor populace by reducing the financial burden on the patients as well as reduce exposure and excessive spread of harmful insecticide chemicals in the environment.
Assessment of Fungal Species Associated With Banana and Orange Spoilage in Kwali Market Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: F. M Mairami
Published: October 2024

The research was conducted to determine the fungal species responsible for the spoilage of bananas and oranges in Kwali market, Abuja, Nigeria. Samples of the diseased fruits: Orange (Citrus sinensis) and banana (Musa paradisiaca) were collected randomly in Kwali market aseptically. The samples were surface sterilized and the homogenates were cultured on Potato Dext-rose Agar (PDA) and incubated at 28 oC for 5 days. The pure cultures obtained were identified morphologically using high and low-resolution objectives of a microscope. Data obtained was analyzed in frequency and percentage. The results of isolation is presented in frequency and percentages. The result obtained revealed the presence of five fungal genera represen-ted by eight species associated with the fruits spoilage. The most predominant fungal species are Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolonifer with 25.0% and 20.83% in orange and 33.33% and 22.22 % in banana respectively. The pathogenicity test shows that Rhizopus stolonifer and Aspergillus niger induce the highest rotten diameter (41 mm) on bananas, however, C. herbarum was found to have the lowest rotten diameter of 10 mm in diameter on oranges.Thus, spoilage of bananas and oranges in Kwali market, Abuja, Nigeria was caused by eight fungal species, the most prominent of which are Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolonifer.
Assessment of heavy metals content in vegetables and their potential human health risk in Bauchi, Nigeria
Authors: A. AbdulHameed , F. Danlami , A. U Yuguda
Published: October 2024

The human dietary uptake of heavy metals through contaminated food crops has led to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health concerns in humans. This study evaluates the possibility of developing cancer and non-cancer human health risk in both adults and children from the consumption of heavy metals contaminated vegetables sold in four selected markets in Bauchi, State. Five selected vegetable samples were collected from each market, prepared, and digested and the concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr and Zn) were determined using the atomic absorption spectrometry test. The mean concentration of Cd in most of the vegetable samples collected from the markets had exceeded the permissible limit set by WHO, while the mean values of Cr, Pb, and Zn were below the permissible limits. The mean values of heavy metals obtained in this study were 0.626, 0.044, 0.04, 0.01 mg/kg, for Zn, Cd, Cr, and Pb respectively. The computed hazard quotient and hazard index values discovered in this study were below the threshold value of 1, indicating that the population (both adults and children) is not at risk of developing non cancer risk. The study, found that the consumption of the selected vegetables for both adults and children will not expose the population to any carcinogenic human health risk. However, continues uptake of these metals over time could lead to potential health risk in both children and adults. Regular monitoring of heavy metals in food crops and screening of metals contents in fertilizer, pesticides and wastewater should be enforced by regulatory agencies.
Non-Chemical Preservation Methods for Stored Paddy Rice In Northern Nigeria
Authors: O. G Otitodun , S. K Asiwaju-Bello , G. P Opit , M. O Ogudare , S. S Afolayan , S. I Nwaubani
Published: October 2024

Effective reduced-risk storage technologies are now available for preservation of paddy rice. In an 18-month study, the effectiveness of six storage methods for controlling of insect pests and preservation of nutritional quality of paddy were evaluated. The preservation methods used were: ZeroFly® Combi bag, PICS bag, Polyethylene-Lined Polypropylene bag, NSPRIDUST® (diatomaceous earth-based product), Permethrin (Rambo™), and a polypropylene bag (Control). The study was conducted in storehouses located in two grain markets in North Central Nigeria: Ita-Amo market in Ilorin, Kwara State and Mokwa modern market in Mokwa, Niger State. Nine bags of 50 kg paddy rice were assigned to each treatment in each storehouse. Every six months, three bags from each treatment were destructively sampled and tested. Insect population levels were higher P < 0.05 in the Control (111.0±22.3) compared to other storage methods. The most common insect species observed were Rhyzopertha dominica, Liposcelis spp. and Tribolium castaneum. The Control had significantly higher IDK (0.8%) and WL (1.2%) compared to other treatments. The Combi, PICS, and NSPRIDUST treatments maintained 98% germination, while the Control had 22.1%. The mean aflatoxin levels in all treatments (2.1-3.8 ppb) were below the 20 ppb threshold. The data indicate that hermetic bags (PICS, ZeroFly® Combi and Polyethylene-Lined Polypropylene), NSPRIDUST and permethrin when used appropriately can effectively reduce quantitative losses and preserve the nutritional quality of paddy rice. The adoption of hermetic bags and DEs for paddy rice storage should be promoted to enhance rice availability and food security in developing countries.
Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals Polluted Soil from the Etelebou Dumpsite in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Authors: D. P Wodu , A. W Ebuete
Published: October 2024

The uncontrolled man’s action has resulted into ecological Armageddon, and natures requite in a myriad form; of such man’s action is the contamination of the soil with heavy metals. The understanding that man is the precipice of his actions, account phytoremediation a costless, and ecofriendly process for the restoration of the shrinking soils. The adoption of Banana, Guava and Pawpaw fruits for the decontamination of heavy metal polluted soil from the Etelebou dumpsite form the bases of this study. The study recorded the presence of Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Fe, cu and Zn in the soil and in the fruits respectively. The account of the element in the fruit is in a multifold of the desire level due to the contaminated soil. The plants poses the ability to bioaccumulates, translocation of heavy metals in varied quantities in the plants aerial parts (fruits). The extractions and accumulation of the metals were higher in the fruit peels than the edible parts, serving a good hypercummulator to the metals. The study demonstrated hyperaccumulative ability of plant, whose fruits should not be considered for consumption for the purpose of these exercise. Theplants via its fruits, if successfully applied can served cost effective, ecofriendly and easy decontamination purposes for heavy metal polluted soils.
Effect of Paraquat on Soil Microorganisms
Authors: E. C Teke , O. M Immanuel , E James
Published: October 2024

Pesticides are widely used in agriculture for pest control but inadvertently affect soil microbial communities. This study determined the effect of Paraquat on soil microorganisms. A microcosm study was conducted to investigate the effect of thepesticide on soil microorganisms, over a 7-day period. Five different treatments were set up: T1 (control); T2, 10kg of soil + 50 ml of pesticide, T3; 10kg of soil + 100ml of pesticide, T4; 10kg of soil + 150 ml of pesticide, T5; 10kg of soil + 200 ml of pesticide. Microbial population was determined by standard plate count. Bacterial and fungal isolates were characterised based on their cultural characteristics and biochemical tests. The results showed that the bacterial and fungal population in treated soil, decreased significantly (p<0.05) at higher concentrations of pesticide (T4 and T5). The bacteria Pseudomonas sp., Micrococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp. and Arthrobacter sp., and the fungi Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Trichoderma sp., and Fusarium sp., were identified as the pesticide degrader/utilizers. This study suggests that the exposure to pesticides negatively impacts the survival and proliferation of soil bacteria and fungi. The use of pesticides should be avoided or in unavoidable cases reduced to the minimum to protect soil microorganisms.
The Impact of Long Lasting Insecticidal-Treated Nets on Malaria Parasitaemia among out Patients in Shonga, Edu Local Government Area, Kwara State
Authors: E. C Amaechi , P. C Nwachukwu , K. A Lawal , H. O Mosadoluwa , C. C Nwadike , O. O Ezekiel
Published: October 2024

Malaria persists as a critical public health issue in Nigeria. Use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) is a widely used intervention tool for malaria control and intervention in most malaria endemic areas.The study was aimed at evaluating the impact of long-lasting insecticidal treated nets (LLINs) on malaria parasitaemia among out-patients in Shonga, Edu Local Government Area, Kwara State, conducted between January and July 2023. Blood samples of 318 out-patients comprising 143 males and 175 females were analyzed using Giemsa-stained thick and thin blood films. Additionally, structured questionnaires were administered to the patients from whom blood samples were collected in order to obtain information on their LLIN usage. More males (60.1%) were infected than females (35.4%). More of the subjects (85.6%) had knowledge of LLINs. A greater number (94%) acquired their mosquito net from health workers while more respondents (69.4%) were found not to be using their LLIN. Patients who were not using LLINs were more prone to malaria infection (55.7%) as compared to those who used LLINs (16.7%). The study recommends public awareness to educate the community on the correct use of LLINs in Shonga a malaria endemic area.
Simulated acid rain caused damage on leaf anatomy reduce growth and yield of Dioscorea alata (L.)
Authors: E. P Edosa , J. F Bamidele
Published: October 2024

Most crops grown in the Southern part of Nigeria are exposed to acid rain owing to the release of sulphur and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere. These gases emanate from man’s activities such as vehicular movements, electricity generation gas flaring and industrial activities. A mixture of sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides and atmospheric water or water vapour gives rise to acid rain. This study was undertaken to determine the influence of simulated acid rain on the growth, yield and leaf anatomy of Dioscorea alata, water yam. The plants were exposed to simulated acid rain of pH 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 6.0 (control) respectively. Necrosis and chlorosis were observed on the yam leaves, after simulated acid precipitation. The impact of simulated acid rain became more noticeable with the increase in acidity. Vine length, leaf number, leaf area and chlorophyll content index were inhibited (p<0.05) at pH2.0 and pH3.0 as compared with the control. At pH2.0, 28% leaf surface area of D. alata was injured after simulated acid rain treatment while necrosis was absent at pH6.0. Acidic precipitation did not significantly (p>0.05) affect harvest index in D. alata, however, highest value was found at pH6.0. Anatomical sections of D. alata leaves revealed cuticle wax damage and breakage of the epidermis at lower pH2.0 and 3.0. Mesophyll tissue breakdown was also observed in the treated leaves.
Assessment of Biodiversity, Physicochemical water parameters, Length-weight Relationship and Condition factor of fish species in Tiga Lake, Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: B. Muhammad , B.I Usman , H. Abdul-Azeez , T. C Attah
Published: October 2024

Timely assessment of fisheries resources provides updated information crucial for the formulation of management strategies that ensures its sustainability. The study investigatedthe physicochemical water parameters, biodiversity, length-weight relationships (LWRs), and condition factors of fish species in Tiga Lake, Kano State, Nigeria, with a focus on seasonal variations. Physicochemical parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and electrical conductivity (EC) of surface water were evaluated during both dry and wet seasons. Fish and water sampling were conducted at Tiga and Rurum sections of the lake utilizing catches from local fishers. Total length and body weight were measured in centimeters and grams respectively to assess Length-Weight Relationships (LWRs) and condition factor of fish species. The assessment of the physicochemical water parameters indicated consistent seasonal trends in DO, pH, EC, and TDS values. Biodiversity indices, estimated using Margalef, Shannon, and Simpson indices, indicated higher values in wet season, suggesting increased abundance and distribution during this period. The fisheries were dominated by Cichlids, comprising 49.1% of the total fish composition. Temporal patterns in fish biodiversity, analyzed through Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) and Analysis of Similarities (ANOSIM), indicated no significant difference ((R=-0.0129, p=0.05) between dry and wet seasons. LWRs analysis revealed significant differences (p≤0.05) among species, indicating variability in size-weight associations. The estimated condition factor indicated temporal  variations, with certain species demonstrating higher values during the dry-season. The water quality parameters of Tiga Lake support fish survival, and contributing to the high abundance and diversity.
Effect of radiation on the incidence and severity of bacterial blight disease induced by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Vignicola on some varieties of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)
Authors: S. Zafar , A. I Mai-Abba , A.S Kutama , M. I Auyo
Published: October 2024

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.), is a legume that holds great importance in Africa. Around 70% of cowpea production worldwide comes from the arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa, specifically the Savanna and Sahelian areas, where it is primarily cultivated. Nevertheless, this vital crop faces multiple challenges posed by pests and diseases, including a bacterial infection called cowpea bacterial blight (CoBB). It is important to identify resistant sources to develop cowpea varieties that can withstand CoBB, as it has a detrimental effect on cowpea production. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of different radiation treatments on the incidence and severity of the disease. The experiment consisted of eight levels of radiations X-Ray-0Secs (X0), X-Ray-5Secs (X1), X-Ray-10Secs (X2), X-Ray-20Secs (X34), UV-Rays-0Mins (UV0), UV-Rays-15Mins (UV1), UV-Rays-30Mins (UV2) and UV-Rays-60Mins (UV3)), two cowpea varieties (IT97K-819-118 and Dan’ila) and two levels of bacterial blight inoculum (full inoculum (I1) and no inoculum (I0)) combined factorially and laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Disease incidence was determined by assessing the proportion of symptomatic plants as a percentage of the total number of plants per pot, while severity was evaluated using a severity rating scale. The results revealed that disease incidence was highest in the absence of radiation, Danila cultivar, the disease incidence at 0 seconds of X-ray exposurewas 82.63%. Similarly, for IT97K-819-118, the disease incidence was 79.33% whereas longer durations of X-ray and UV-ray exposures, particularly 60 minutes of UV-ray exposure, were associated with lower mean values, Danila had a disease incidence of 18.56% (a decrease of 64.07%). IT97K-819-118 exhibited the lowest disease incidence of 28.03% (a decrease of 50.52%). Additionally, IT97K-819-118 demonstrated generally lower severity mean values compared to Danila, when no X-ray radiation was applied, the disease severity for IT97K-819-118 was recorded as 2, indicating slight infection. The study concluded that both X-ray and UV-ray radiation show potential as suppressive agents against cowpea bacterial blight; however, the effectiveness vary depending on the cultivar and the duration of exposure.
Isolation of biosurfactant-producing and crude oil-degrading bacterium, Enterococcus hirae, from hydrocarbon-polluted soils and characterization of the biosurfactant produced
Authors: I. A Omore , I. Yusuf , H. E Ochayi
Published: October 2024

The spillage of petroleum hydrocarbons into our environment causes a lot of disastrous environmental pollution. The employment of biosurfactant-producing and hydrocarbon-utilizing microorganisms enhances the effectiveness of bioremediation of these toxic pollutants. This study was aimed at isolating biosurfactant-producing and crude oil degradingbacteria from hydrocarbon-polluted soils and characterization of the biosurfactant produced. The biosurfactant screening techniques employed were haemolysis assay, drop collapse test, oil displacement test, tilting glass test and emulsification index (E24) test. The degradation rate of the most potent crude oil degrader was determined using gravimetric method and Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis. The bacterium was identified based on phenotypic, biochemical and molecular analyses. Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and GC-MS analyses were used to characterize the biosurfactant produced. A potent bacterium, Enterococcus hirae (identified by 16s rDNA sequencing) was isolated from hydrocarbon contaminated soil and it could degrade 77.2% of total petroleum hydrocarbons after two weeks of culture when grown in mineral salt medium (MSM) supplemented with 2% (v/v) crude oil as the sole carbon source. Chromatogram of the treated crude revealed that E. hirae could potentially degrade various hydrocarbon contents (C21 – C35) present in the crude oil. The biosurfactant produced was characterized as Glycolipids (Rhamnolipids) using FTIR and GC-MS analyses. This study demonstrates E. hirae as an efficient biosurfactant producer and crude oil degrader. To the best of the researchers’ knowledge, this is the first time E. hirae is reported as both biosurfactant producers and crude oil degrader.
Effect of Different Application methods of Pseudomonas fluorescens on growth of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea l.) Infected with Phaeoisariopsis personata
Authors: M. S Zakari
Published: October 2024

The role of groundnut in improving food security and farmers' income in the Nigerian Savanna cannot be over emphasized. Laboratory and pot experiment were conducted in the laboratory and screen house of the Department of Plant Biology, Bayero University, Kano in 2021 to study the effect of different application methods of Pseudomonas fluorescens on growth of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) infected with Phaeoisariopsis personata causing late leaf spot of groundnut. Dual culture assay was used in the laboratory and pot experiment was conducted in screen house. Three groundnut varieties viz; SAMNUT 24, SAMNUT22 and Jar gyada. The treatments consisted of three different application methods of P. fluorescens (seed, foliar and combined seed and foliar) and controls (standard and negative control). Groundnut plants were artificially infected with 5×105 conidia per ml of P. personata and treated using the above mentioned methods. The experiment was arranged in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) and all treatments and controls were replicated four times. Parameters measured included plant height, number of leaves and number of branches. Results of the study revealed that in dual culture experiment P. fluorescens inhibited the growth of C. personatum (64.70 and 70.58%). In pot study, SAMNUT 22 recorded the highest plant height (43.20) and the least was recorded by Jar gyada (36.95) while SAMNUT 24 recorded the highest number of leaves (136.8) and branches (34.25) and the least was recorded by jar gyada. Combined seed and foliar treatments recorded the highest value (37.75) in terms of number of branches. Therefore, it can be concluded that use of seed application followed by foliar spray of Pseudomonas enhance growth of Phaeoisariopsis personata of some groundnut varieties significantly.
Retraction Note: Review of a large trauma registry in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Insights into prehospital care and provider training for trauma quality improvement
Authors: Starr Nichole , Zhuang Alex , Minalu Habtamu Tamiru , Alemu Genet Kifle , Fisseha Samuel , Chekol Sisay , Kassa Aklile Habtemariam , Hadis Makida , Alemtsehay Biruh , Mengiste Minale , Kenefi Ashenafi
Published: October 2024

The authors requested the retraction of this article following its peer review and publication due to errors in communication. The editorial team reviewed and approved the retraction request on 23 May 2024. The retracted article was initially published online on 29 April 2024 as an article in press and assigned to Volume 28, Issue 2, with 10.4314/ecajs.v28i2.1 as its digital object identifier.
Axillary artery compression following reduction of a high-impact anterior shoulder dislocation: A case report of a rare complication
Authors: Balogun Mosimbale , Aremu Oluwasegun , Uwajeh Anthony , Odeyemi Olubunmi E.
Published: October 2024

Anterior shoulder dislocation constitutes the most common type of shoulder dislocation
A case report of a 46-year-old man who had a motor vehicle road traffic accident presented with a 24-hour history of anterior shoulder dislocation following trauma with loss of distal radial pulses after closed reduction. Subsequent operative exploration revealed an invaginated strip of skin through which the head of humerus buttonholed compressing on the axillary artery. Patient had an uneventful post-operative course following excision of the strip of skin and subsequent reduction.
Anterior shoulder dislocation is common. Though rare, a strip of skin could cause vascular compromise after close reduction. There is therefore need for thorough clinical evaluation to prevent and/or early detection of this rare event. An urgent operative intervention is warranted in order to salvage the affected Limb.
Intestinal obstruction caused by a large colorectal lithobezoar in a 7-year-old girl managed at a general hospital in north-central Zambia
Authors: Phiri Peter S.
Published: October 2024

A colonic bezoar is a mass that develops through the accumulation of indigestible materials within the digestive tract. A lithobezoar is therefore defined as an accumulation of ingested stones or pebbles within the same tract. These are extremely rare clinical entities and more so in peadiatric patients. Having reviewed the literature, we believe it is the first of its kind to be reported in a paediatric patient in Zambia. We therefore hereby report a case of acute mechanical intestinal obstruction secondary to ingestion of multiple small stones in a 7- year- old Zambian girl. She was admitted with a history of constipation and abdominal pains for 2 days. She was reported to have been eating small stones for about a month. She had no associated psychiatric illness. Abdominal X-rays revealed multiple radiopaque masses of various sizes involving the whole colon upto the anus. A diagnosis of acute mechanical intestinal obstruction due to foreign body ingestion was made. Conservative management was instituted with the use of manual evacuation, rectal washouts and oral laxatives. All stones were excreted over a four day period. Diagnostic and therapeutic options are discussed.
Indications and Outcome of Patients Managed with Tube Thoracostomy at AIC Litein Hospital: A Prospective Case Series
Authors: Owuor Wycklife Ooko , Talaam Ruth Chepkemoi , Parker Robert K. , Ooko Philip Blasto
Published: October 2024

Background
Tube thoracostomy (TT) allows for the drainage of air or fluid from the pleural space. We aimed to describe the indications, management, and outcomes of patients managed with TT at AIC Litein Hospital in Southwestern Kenya.
Methods
This prospective study was undertaken between November 2020 and August 2022. All consecutive patients with TT were included. Data were collected on demographics, presentation, indications for TT, management, and outcome. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics and Research Committee.
Results
The study included 39 (33 male, 6 female) patients who had a mean age of 35 years (range 3-75) and 45 TTs placed for a median duration of 6 days (1-26). Hemopneumothorax (n=19), empyema thoracis (n=8), and pneumothorax (n=7) were the most common indications for TT. Trauma was noted in 28 cases presenting as assault (n=17), road traffic collision (n=8), fall (n=1), and barotrauma (n=1). Preadmission traumatic injuries led to four deaths, while fourteen (35.9%) patients developed TT-related complications, with three requiring TT replacement.
Conclusions
In this series, TT was mainly indicated for hemopneumothorax, empyema thoracis, and pneumothorax.
Revision Knee Arthroplasties Done at Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Tanzania, between 2007 and 2018
Authors: Kisanga Allen Obadia , Issa Samih Abdulrahman , Lupondo Violet Michael , Mcharo Cuthbert Nathan
Published: October 2024

Introduction
There has been a steady rise in the need for Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty (RTKA) due to increasing longevity and expanding indications of primary TKA. Worldwide revision rates vary between 4.9-7.9%. However, in the sub-Saharan African region, revision total knee arthroplasty has rarely been studied.
Broad Objective
To determine the rate and indications for RTKAs in primary TKA surgeries operated at MOI between 2007 and 2018.
Methodology
This was a retrospective study. Revision TKA surgery data was collected from the TKA registry. Univariate analysis and descriptive statistics were used for analysis and presentation of categorical and continuous data. Statistical significance was determined in all relevant associations.
Results
Out a total of 607 primary TKA procedures recorded, 40 required revision, with a mean age of 69.1 years, a female predominance (60%) and a left knee predominance (62.5%), giving a revision rate of 6.59%. The causes of revision TKA included aseptic loosening (47.5%) and periprosthetic infections (32.5%). Both femoral and tibial components were revised in 50% of the surgeries. The mean duration from primary surgery until revision surgery was 4.1 years. Prosthesis infection was associated with early revision surgery (p value 0.008) but most patients had late revision TKA surgery (p value 0.02).
Conclusion
The rate of revision TKA at MOI was similar to worldwide rates. Most revisions were done late (after 2 years), and the predominant cause of revision was aseptic loosening, but infection was positively associated with early revision.
Correction Notice: Preliminary results of sentinel lymph node biopsy using blue dye for early breast cancer staging: A single-center experience in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Bekele Philimon Getu , Saha Sukamal , Malore Efeson Thomas , Mamo Michael Girma , Gizachew Soliyana Demelash , Robele Taye Jemberu , Mikru Filagot Bizuneh , Alemu Tadesse Mitiku , Mohammed Nigusse Ahmed , Bizuneh Abel Asfaw , Gebregziabher Hermela Addis
Published: October 2024

In the originally published article-in-press version of the manuscript “Preliminary results of sentinel lymph node biopsy using blue dye for early breast cancer staging: A single-center experience in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,” the author list was composed of; Philimon Getu Bekele, Sukmal Saha, Efeson Thomas Malore, Michael Girma Mamo, Soliyana Demelash Gizachew, Taye Jemberu Robele, Filagot Bizuneh Mikru, and Tadesse Mitiku Alemu.
The published corrected proof version of the manuscript features three new additional authors; Nigusse Ahmed Mohammed, Abel Asfaw Bizuneh, and Hermela Addis Gebregziabher.