bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Puberty on Aggression/Delinquency: Adolescence to Young Adulthood
Authors: Najman Jake M. , Hayatbakhsh Mohammad R. , McGee Tara R. , Bor William , O'Callaghan Michael J. , Williams Gail M.
Published: November 2009

Puberty is a potentially sensitive period during which the adolescent demonstrates rapid changes in aggressive/delinquent behaviour. Early onset of puberty has been implicated, not only in the earlier occurrence of aggressive/delinquent behaviour, but potentially a continuing higher level of aggression/delinquency. This article examines immediate and longer term gender specific changes in aggressive/delinquent behaviour as these are independently associated with the age of onset of puberty and pubertal stage adjusted for age. Data is derived from the Mater— University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy, a prospective prebirth cohort that involves 2,784 respondents who provided information about current pubertal stage (Tanner Score) and the age of onset of puberty, as well as the Achenbach's Youth Self-Report (14-year YSR) and Young Adult Self-Report (21-year YASR). Both males and females had similar increased levels of aggression/delinquency with more advanced pubertal stage at the 14-year follow-up. For females (but not males) early age of onset of puberty was additionally associated with more symptoms of aggression/ delinquency at the 14-year follow-up. For males, by the 21-year follow-up those who had experienced early age of onset of puberty no longer had higher YASR levels of aggression/delinquency. For females, only early and late age of occurrence of puberty were associated with longer term evidence of aggressive/delinquent behaviour. Progression through puberty is associated with increased levels of aggressive/delinquent behaviour for both males and females, and of about a similar magnitude. Female rates of aggressive/delinquent behaviour may have increased over time to match those observed in young males. For females only, there is evidence of a long-term sustained effect of early and late puberty on increased levels of aggressive/delinquent behaviour.
Measuring Properties for Material Decomposition Modeling
Authors: Cain Christopher , Lattimer Brian Y.
Published: November 2009

Inverse analysis methods were evaluated for determining thermal properties of materials for pyrolysis models. Experiments and analyses focused on determining the thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of materials as a function of temperature and in different states. Experiments were designed to limit the properties (thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity) controlling the thermal response, allowing for more accurate determination of properties. Experiments and analyses were performed on three different materials: Ceramic, E-glass vinyl ester composite, and char/glass reinforcement. Results from the inverse analysis were compared with properties measured using other ASTM standard tests for measuring thermal properties. Properties were predicted to within 10 % of values from other standard test methods with quadratic and linear functions providing similar properties. Materials with more nonlinear variation in properties with temperature may require using quadratic functions to adequately predict properties.
Use of Fiber Optic and Electrical Resistance Sensors for Monitoring Moisture Movement in Building Stones Subjected to Simulated Climatic Conditions
Authors: Srinivasan S. , Basheer P. A. M. , Smith B. J. , Gomez-Heras M. , Grattan K. T. V. , Sun T.
Published: November 2009

Moisture is critical to the weathering of stone buildings and almost all weathering processes in building stones are influenced by the presence of moisture—especially the cyclic process of repeated ingress and egress of moisture that promotes their decay. Therefore, monitoring the moisture distribution in building stones is essential in understanding the material behaviour and degradation mechanisms associated with stone decay. In this study two real-time monitoring systems, viz. fiber optic sensor probe for relative humidity and electrical resistance sensors are compared by placing them, together with commercially available thermistors and humidity probe, at different depths in a limestone block in order to characterise patterns of moisture and temperature changes with depth from the exposure surface. This surface was then exposed to simulated wetting by a water spray, short-term cycles of heating and cooling beneath an infrared lamp to mimic solar radiation, and an intermittent air flow across the surface of the block. The experiment was conducted within an environmental chamber that kept ambient air temperature at 20°C. Results indicate that variations in external environmental factors, such as wind and intermittent heating cycles, can significantly affect the temperature and moisture variations in building stones.
Assessment of Air Entrainment in Fresh Cement Paste Using Ultrasonic Nondestructive Testing
Authors: Kmack Richard M. , Kurtis Kimberly E. , Jacobs Laurence J. , Kim Jin-Yeon
Published: November 2009

It is understood that the frost protection afforded by entrained air voids in cement-based materials is dependent on their size and distribution or spacing factor. The common practice of adding air-entraining admixtures (AEAs) to concretes and mortars demands economical quality control measures of the air-entrained voids. However, conventional methods for qualifying air content in fresh cement-based materials, such as the pressure, volume, and gravimetric methods, measure only total air volume and cannot assess size (i.e., allow discrimination between entrained and entrapped air voids) or spacing. Ultrasonic monitoring may present an alternative in situ approach for these measurements. In this investigation, using matched pairs of transducers, ultrasonic pulses were transmitted through fresh cement paste specimens (containing 0.0 % up to 0.6 % AEA by weight of cement). The received signals were recorded every 5 min during the first 6 h and then every 15 min thereafter. Analysis of the signals shows strong distinctions between specimens with and those without the AEA. In general, the addition of AEA suppresses the peak-to-peak signal strength, pulse velocity, and peak frequency of the signal transmissions through the specimens. The data also suggest correlations between Vicat setting times, heat of hydration, and autogenous strain and ultrasonic metrics. The findings of this research should be most appropriate as a foundation for an inversion process and improved air-entrainment detection methods.
New Weathering Test Method for Sealants and Preliminary Experimental Results
Authors: Klosowski Jerome M. , Gorman Patrick D.
Published: November 2009

A new sealant weathering test method expands on existing test methodologies. In ASTM C719, repeated movement cycles were shown to be important to reproduce some of the damage seen on real buildings. Weathering tests done previously demonstrate that water, sunlight (especially the UV portion), and heat are all important degradation factors that act on real buildings. Thus this new test combines water, heat, light, and movement acting on a sealant joint, fabricated to an ASTM C719 joint configuration, in artificial weathering machines. The joints are also subjected to identical movement in four different climates. Correlations of the damage done to various sealants in four varied U.S. climates and the artificial weathering machines are explored.
Recent Suicidal Ideation Among Patients in an Inner City Emergency Department
Authors: Ilgen Mark A. , Walton Maureen A. , Cunningham Rebecca M. , Barry Kristen L. , Chermack Steve T. , De Chavez Peter , Blow Frederic C.
Published: November 2009

The rates and associated features of suicidal ideation among 5,641 patients seeking routine, nonsuicide related care in an inner‐city emergency department were examined. Approximately 8% of patients seeking routine care in the emergency department reported some form of suicidal ideation within the past 2 weeks. Suicidal ideation was common in individuals who were single with poorer mental health, had higher depression, and had received some drug or alcohol treatment in the past 3 months or had used cocaine or marijuana in the past 30 days. Improved screening procedures could help to identify routine care patients who are at risk for suicide.
The Struggle to Prevent and Evaluate: Application of Population Attributable Risk and Preventive Fraction to Suicide Prevention Researach
Authors: Krysinska Karolina , Martin Graham
Published: November 2009

Population attributable risk (PAR) estimates have been used in suicide research to evaluate the impact of psychosocial and socioeconomic risk factors, including affective disorders, traumatic life events, and unemployment. A parallel concept of preventive fraction (PF), allowing for estimation of the impact of protective factors and effectiveness of preventive interventions, is practically unknown in suicidology. The study authors discuss the application of both concepts to suicide research and prevention, and review literature on the subject. Despite several methodological and conceptual limitations, both PAR and PF are valuable instruments to inform development and evaluation of suicide prevention programs.
An adapted purification procedure to improve the quality of 90Y for clinical use
Authors: Castillo Abmel Xiques , Olivé Keila Isaac , González Edgar Casanova , Beckford Denis , Leyva Montaña René , Montero Álvarez Alfredo , Olivé Álvarez Eunice
Published: November 2009

There is an increasing interest for 90Y for radionuclide therapy. However, radioimmunotherapy, one of the most important applications for 90Y, demands a very high purity product. Obtaining a high quality 90Y is difficult not only because of the complex and time consuming production schemes but also because of the quality control which has challenging tasks like the determination of 90Sr at very low concentrations. The present paper investigates a reported purification procedure for the removal of stable metal trace contaminants from an 90Y solution, seeking for its potential use in the elimination of the radioactive contaminant 90Sr and its fast determination. For this purpose a washing step with HNO3 acid is introduced to elute 90Sr, the order of each acid solution is rearranged to reduce the potential contaminants present in acids and the size of the column is reduced to further optimize the procedure. As a result, an improved purification method is obtained, which allows the removal of both trace metal contaminants and 90Sr from an 90Y solution and the measurement of 90Sr/90Y ratios of the order of 10-7, which are well below the established pharmacopeia limit of 2×10-5.
Kinetic and thermodynamic studies on the adsorption of U(VI) ions on densely crosslinked poly(methacrylic acid) from aqueous solutions
Authors: Özeroglu Cemal , Keceli Gönül
Published: November 2009

In this study, densely crosslinked poly(methacrylic acid) was used to adsorb uranium(VI) ions from aqueous solution. For this purpose, the crosslinked copolymer of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM) and methacrylic acid (MA) containing 25% (w/w) methacrylic acid (MA) was synthesized by using dibenzoyl peroxide-N,N-dimethylaniline (BPO-DMA) initiator system at room temperature. The adsorption of uranium(VI) ions on the copolymer sample (0.02 g copolymer/5 mL solution of U(VI) ions) was carried out in a batch reactor. The parameters which effect the uranium adsorption process, such as, contact time, pH of solution, initial uranium(VI) concentration and temperature were investigated. It was observed that an increase in these parameters enhanced the removal of U(VI) ions from aqueous solution. The adsorption data were modelled by the Freundlich, Langmuir and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) isotherms. The adsorption capacity of the crosslinked copolymer and free energy change were calculated by using D–R isotherms. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔH°, ΔS° and ΔG°) were determined for the adsorption of U(VI) ions from aqueous solutions by the crosslinked copolymer bearing methacrylic acid functional groups. Experimental adsorption data were analyzed using sorption kinetic models of the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic models. It was observed that pseudo-second order kinetic model provided a high goodness of fit with experimental data for the adsorption of U(VI) ions on the crosslinked copolymer bearing methacrylic acid functional groups. The densely crosslinked poly(methacrylic acid) might be of interest in large scale uranium removals from aqueous solution, since it had high uranyl sorption capacities ranging from 0.16 mmol/g to 2.37 mmol/g copolymer at pH 2.7 (293 K).
Charged particle induced reaction cross section data for production of the emerging medically important positron emitter 64Cu: A comprehensive evaluation
Authors: Aslam M. , Sudár S. , Hussain M. , Malik A. A. , Shah H. A. , Qaim Syed M.
Published: November 2009

The radionuclide 64Cu (T
1/2=12.7 h) is an important non-standard positron emitter, suitable for combining PET imaging and targeted therapy. Its production in no-carrier-added form is done via charged particle induced reactions, and considerable amount of cross section data are available in the literature. We evaluated seven reactions, namely 64Ni(p, n) 64Cu, 64Ni(d, 2n) 64Cu, 68Zn(p, αn) 64Cu, 66Zn(p, 2n) 64Cu, 64Zn(d, 2p) 64Cu, 66Zn(p, α) 64Cu and natZn(d, x) 64Cu. Data analysis was generally limited up to about 25 MeV and the consistency check of experimental data was carried out using the nuclear model codes STAPRE, EMPIRE and TALYS. In a few cases experimental data were available up to 100 MeV; the consistency check in the high energy region was done only using the code TALYS. A statistical procedure (supported by nuclear model calculations) was then used to fit the data. The derived recommended sets of data, together with 95% confidence limits, are reported. The integral yields calculated from those data are also given. A critical comparison of the various production routes of 64Cu is presented. The 64Ni(p, n) 64Cu reaction, utilizing a highly enriched target, is the method of choice.
Determination of 126Sn half-life from ICP-MS and gamma spectrometry measurements
Authors: Bienvenu P. , Ferreux L. , Andreoletti G. , Arnal N. , Lépy M.-C. , Bé M.-M.
Published: November 2009

A new value of 126Sn half-life was determined by combination of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and gamma spectrometry measurements on purified sample solutions collected from nuclear fuel reprocessing. 126Sn was isolated through dissolution of fission product precipitates and liquid-liquid extraction with N-benzoyl-N-phenyl-hydroxylamine (BPHA). The abundance of 126Sn atoms together with the absence of interfering species in the analysed solutions made it possible to measure both mass concentration and nuclide activity with high precision and accuracy. This led to a 126Sn half-life value of 1.980(57)×105 a.
Echoes of “Ptahhotep” in the Greco-Roman Period?
Authors: Hagen Fredrik
Published: November 2009

The article looks at continuity in the Egyptian literary tradition, in particular with regard to the rare phrase “partiality is the abomination of god” (bwt ntr rdít ḥr gs) found in “Ptahhotep” and later, as a marked quotation, in the “Installation of the Vizier”. It draws attention to the use of the same phrase as a divine epithet in Greco-Roman temple inscriptions, and argues that this may be an intertextual echo of “Ptahhotep”, although clearly it cannot be considered evidence for a late transmission of that text. Finally, it looks at the historical evidence for the association between Thoth and concept of ‘partiality’ (rdít ḥr gs, nm‘).
Diffusion in Ion-conducting Oxide Glasses and in Glassy Metals
Authors: Mehrer Helmut
Published: November 2009

Studies of ionic conduction and of tracer diffusion in oxide glasses and of tracer diffusion in metallic glasses mainly from our laboratory and of viscosity data are reviewed. Common aspects of the motion process of ions or atoms in oxide glasses or glassy metals are pointed out.
Insights into Ion-Network Interactions and Ion Transport in Glass
Authors: Banhatti Radha D. , Cramer Cornelia , Zielniok Dominika , Robertson A. H. Jean , Ingram Malcolm D.
Published: November 2009

We discuss the origins of mixed-former effects in borophosphate glasses of general composition: Li0.5BO1.75:(1−x)LiPO3 and 0.4 Na2O:0.6 [xB2O3:(1−x)P2O5], and show how these effects relate to changing ion-network interactions. In particular for the latter system, we analyse the permittivity spectra using the MIGRATION concept. The results show that the increase in the calculated “cage length” (spatial extent of localised ion motion) in the mixed former region correlates well with the increased abundance of the BO4 tetrahedra. We propose that more local cation sites are created and fast electronic bond-switching processes open up these sites to facilitate macroscopic transport. This picture of ion transport independent of network dynamics accounts for all favourable effects observed in mixed former glasses such as increase in ion mobility, rise in T
g and improvement in chemical durability.
Li Ion Diffusion in Nanocrystalline and Nanoglassy LiAlSi2O6 and LiBO2 - Structure-Dynamics Relations in Two Glass Forming Compounds
Authors: Kuhn Alexander , Tobschall Esther , Heitjans Paul
Published: November 2009

In the present study the Li diffusivity in nanostructured samples of two glass forming model systems, spodumene (LiAlSi2O6) and lithium metaborate (LiBO2), was examined using 7Li nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin-lattice relaxometry and dc conductivity measurements. The nanostructured samples were prepared by high-energy ball milling of the respective crystalline starting material on the one hand and the corresponding glass on the other hand. The diffusivity of the glass exceeds that of the crystalline sample for both systems. However, when the crystalline samples are mechanically treated by ball milling the diffusivity is enhanced. Nevertheless, the diffusivity of these nanocrystalline samples remains lower than that of the corresponding glass. Surprisingly, when the glassy samples are treated in the same way the diffusivity decreases. After sufficiently long milling times the diffusivity of these nanoglassy samples approaches that of the nanocrystalline samples. This convergence effect seems to be due to structural relaxation processes as is suggested by supplementary infrared spectroscopy and 27Al, 12B magic angle spinning NMR measurements.
Screening for Occult Abdominal Trauma in Children With Suspected Physical Abuse
Authors: Lane Wendy Gwirtzman , Dubowitz Howard , Langenberg Patricia
Published: November 2009

OBJECTIVES: The goals were (1) to determine the prevalence of occult abdominal trauma (OAT) in a sample of children with suspected physical abuse, (2) to assess the frequency of OAT screening, and (3) to assess factors associated with screening.

METHODS: Charts of children evaluated for abusive injury were identified through a search of hospital discharge codes. Identified charts were reviewed to determine whether OAT screening occurred. Data on results of screening tests, abusive injuries identified, family demographic features, and characteristics of the emergency department visit were collected.

RESULTS: Screening occurred for 51 (20%) of 244 eligible children. Positive results were identified for 41% of those screened and 9% of the total sample; 5% of children 12 to 23 months of age had OAT identified through imaging studies. Screening occurred more often in children presenting with probable abusive head trauma (odds ratio [OR]: 20.4 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.6–114.6]; P < .01), compared with those presenting with other injuries. Consultation with the child protection team (OR: 8.5 [95% CI: 3.5–20.7]; P < .01) and other subspecialists (OR: 24.3 [95% CI: 7.1–83.3]; P < .01) also increased the likelihood that OAT screening would occur.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support OAT screening with liver and pancreatic enzyme measurements for physically abused children. This study also supports the importance of subspecialty input, especially that of a child protection team. Although many identified injuries may not require treatment, their role in confirming or demonstrating increased severity of maltreatment may be critical.
Identification of delamination through TGO stresses due to indentation testing of an EB-PVD TBC
Authors: Tanaka Makoto , Liu Yu-Fu , Kagawa Yutaka
Published: November 2009

The Rockwell indentation test was used to generate interface delamination in an EB-PVD thermal barrier coating (TBC) system that was thermally cycled between 300 °C and 1050 °C. Luminescence spectroscopy was applied to measure the thermally grown oxide (TGO) stresses in indentation-affected and perfectly bonded regions. Comparison between experimental stress mapping in bonded and delaminated regions by luminescence spectroscopy and finite element analysis was shown and the effect of delamination paths was presented. Zigzag delamination paths alternating between the top TBC-TGO interface and TGO-bond coat interface were shown to induce TGO stress releases and fluctuations in the delaminated region. Luminescence spectroscopy measurements successfully detect such behavior, making it possible to identify nondestructively the size of the delaminated region, the delamination crack front position, and the delamination paths in part.
Cooperative shear and catastrophic fracture of bulk metallic glasses from a shear-band instability perspective
Authors: Han Zheng , Li Yi
Published: November 2009

The morphology of the fracture surfaces of a bulk metallic glass (BMG) tested under compression was systematically studied. Experimental results showed that the fracture surface always comprises two kinds of zones, starting with a relatively smooth zone followed by the second zone with vein patterns. It implies strongly that the plastic deformation of BMGs always starts with a cooperative shear. The following catastrophic fracture characterized by the vein patterns may or may not occur, depending on the magnitude of this shear, which is controlled by the sample size and machine stiffness. This phenomenon was interpreted based on the temperature rise resulting from the work done during the cooperative shear. It revealed that for small samples, the shear is so small that the temperature increase is insignificant, accounting for the extensive serrated flow, while the temperature increase in samples beyond a critical size is sufficiently high so that the temperatures are higher than the glass transition temperature or even the melting temperature, leading to catastrophic fracture.
Crystal structure, electrical, and thermal properties of Ca0.5Th0.5VO4
Authors: Patwe S.J. , Nagabhusan Achary S. , Tyagi Avesh K.
Published: November 2009

Ca0.5Th0.5VO4 was prepared by a solid-state reaction of component oxides and characterized by powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) at ambient and higher temperatures and impedance spectroscopy. Crystal structure was refined by Rietveld refinements from powder XRD data. At room temperature, Ca0.5Th0.5VO4 has a zircon-type tetragonal (I41/amd) lattice with unit cell parameters: a = 7.2650(1) and c = 6.4460(1) Å. Despite the large charge difference, Ca2+ and Th4+ are statistically distributed over a single site. The crystal structure of Ca0.5Th0.5VO4 is built from the (Ca/Th)O8 (bisdisphenoid) and VO4 tetrahedra. The in situ high-temperature XRD studies on Ca0.5Th0.5VO4 revealed anisotropic thermal expansion behavior with coefficients of thermal expansion αc = 10.96 × 10−6/°C and αa = 5.32 × 10−6/°C. The impedance measurements carried out in the temperature range from ambient to 800 °C indicate semiconducting behavior with appreciable ionic conductivity above 400 °C. The activation energy obtained from the temperature-dependent AC conductivity data is ∼1.37 eV. In wider range of frequencies and temperatures, the relative permittivity of approximately 50 to 60 is observed for Ca0.5Th0.5VO4.
Vegetarianism as an Example of Dispersed Religiosity
Authors: Dyczewska Agnieszka
Published: November 2009

May the vegetarian movement be regarded as a field where a modern dispersed religiosity can manifest itself? This article presents a summary of my research, aimed to answer this question, at least in regard to the Polish case. A theoretical background will be outlined, together with the justification for the choice of material that was analyzed, and the Polish vegetarian movement will be briefly described. Then the results of my research will be presented, including a description of the values that are crucial for Polish vegetarianism. Most attention, however, will be focused on the process of the formation of a vegetarian worldview within individuals’ biographies.
Non-institutional Religion in Modern Society
Authors: Borg Meerten ter
Published: November 2009

This is the lecture given by Meerten ter Borg upon accepting the Chair in Noninstitutional Religion in Modern Society at the University of Leiden, Netherlands. It opens by outlining a theoretical model which explains why religion is a timeless phenomenon. It goes on to give an impression of the relationship between institutional and non-institutional religion. Then it suggests what the causes are of the growing importance of religion in modern society. It then uses the theoretical model to make it clear why this so-called comeback of religion is partly non-institutional. The conclusion provides a few examples of non-institutional religion.
Religion under Siege
Authors: Hay David
Published: November 2009

Last year, shortly before he published The God Delusion, I went to see Richard Dawkins in the Zoology Department in Oxford. I was gathering material for my biography of Alister Hardy and it so happened that Hardy had been head of the Zoology Department when Dawkins arrived there as an undergraduate in 1959. Both were advocates of evolution by natural selection, Hardy defending religion, and Dawkins attacking it on biological grounds drawn from Darwin. Hardy’s deeply religious nature and the juxtaposition with Dawkins’ atheism looked as though it might provide a good story for inclusion in my biography. If I was expecting fireworks, I didn’t get them. Richard remembered Alister as a very loveable man, which indeed he was, and claimed to be entirely unaware of his religious interests. He certainly makes no reference to his old professor in The God Delusion. That is an unfortunate omission, for it means that he never discusses Hardy’s important contribution to the empirical investigation of the biological roots of religion.
Sacro-Egoism and the Shifting Paradigm of Religiosity
Authors: Knox John S.
Published: November 2009

Utilizing the methodology of the Kendal Project (Heelas et al. 2005), data collected from McMinnville, Oregon, was compared with data gathered from Kendal, England, to test British and American sociological theories of religion and specifically the “Spiritual Revolution” theory within the state of Oregon. The McMinnville Project evidence suggests that rather than a spiritual revolution in Oregon, by which churchgoing is declining and interest in a holistic milieu is expanding, “Sacro-Egoism” is the phenomenon that best describes the nature of personal spirituality in Oregon (and potentially the West as a whole). It points toward the relationship between secularization and the self, participation in religious practices and belief, and the emergence of a new, radical, individualized expression of faith. This paper contains a description of Sacro-Egoism and outlines key features of this modern personal approach to religiosity and spirituality: a radical authority/priority of the self, an antagonism or ambivalence to institutionalism, a personal or pragmatic commitment to the spiritual journey (specifically concerning Jesus and the Bible), and an openness to and toleration of non-traditional beliefs and practices.
Can contemporary art be religious?
Authors: Austin Michael
Published: November 2009

This is a good short book on a huge and diverse subject. Its merit is that its author (who is a professor of art history in two universities, one on each side of the Atlantic) tackles, head on, an issue which many of his contemporaries ignore—the presence of religious themes, perceptions and intentions in an aesthetic environment the opinion-formers of which reject all expressions of religion in fine art, be they explicit or implicit.
Rogue Agents, Religion, and the Rule of Law
Authors: Reinbold Jenna
Published: November 2009

This article explores the resurgence of a certain quasi religious discourse of nuclear threat within the post-9/11 policymaking of the Bush Administration; a discourse which has inflected American nuclear policymaking throughout the past sixty years, but which has proven profoundly dissonant within the international legal landscape of the early twenty-first century. Drawing upon Carl Schmitt’s concept of “political theology,” I elucidate the manner in which nuclear weapons technology has served since 1945 to undergird a powerful praxis of American sovereignty—a sovereignty threatened simultaneously by the dissemination of nuclear technology throughout the world, and by the ever-burgeoning regulatory mechanisms of international law. Ultimately, I assert that the concept of political theology not only provides us with an important means of deciphering the Bush Administration’s eschatological policymaking language, but that it clarifies what has proven to be an intimate connection between the discourse of nuclear threat and this Administration’s endeavor to bolster the sovereignty of the US—particularly of its executive branch.
The “Sin” of Wal-Mart Architecture
Authors: Newton Christy M.
Published: November 2009

The visual symbols of society’s most deeply lived religious beliefs are ever-present: what one sees is what one believes, and what one believes is evident in what one sees. Relying on the foundational work of sociologists, this paper considers the reciprocal relationship between the political economy and the voice of religion by focusing on a specific object of material culture: the architecture of a Wal-Mart store. People often define place, community, and value in relation to a Wal-Mart store, which raises important theological concerns surrounding individual and community identities, sin, grace, abundance, dependency, commodification, and consumption, as well as specific sociological concerns surrounding class, religious fundamentalism, and militarism. Generated by the neo colonial interests of economic and cultural globalization, a Wal-Mart building communicates a “visual theology,” with roots in a monolithic form of cultural production beyond the control of individuals and communities and yet determinative on many levels of social life.
What Islands Say
Authors: Grainger Roger
Published: November 2009

“Whether one is conscious of it or not,” says Christy Newton, “the ever-present and inundating usual signs and symbols of the social world perform a socializing function, similar to performing routines reminding people who they are and where they are” (2009, 21). Nowhere is this more the case than with islands. An island focuses, concentrates, reminds, inspires; it brings us up short against the matter in hand. It is not surprising therefore that Prospero works his magic on an island. As Robinson Crusoe demonstrated, an island is a human cosmos waiting to be created …
Divinity and Power in Minute Particulars
Authors: Keenan William
Published: November 2009

The intention here is to explore the “implicit spirituality” of socks as a component of the religious wardrobe in relation to the larger theological themes of panentheism, sacramentalism and related mystical orientations. The early nineteenthcentury case of the Marist socks is employed to demonstrate the fecundity and utility of “implicit religion” as a concept and category that helps “make sense” of the Marist Founder’s valorization of this otherwise relatively insignificant item of male dress. In the grander theological and sociological scheme of things, Marist socks assume religious significance as a salutary sartorial symbol. Drawing on the Marist archives, the sock history of the Little Brothers of Mary is uncovered to reveal how, in religion, even the most neglected and least important of things in the eyes of the world can assume extraordinary spiritual and political significance.
Perfil lipídico na adolescência: efeito de exposições intra-uterinas
Authors: Restrepo María Clara , Horta Bernardo Lessa , Gigante Denise Petrucci
Published: November 2009

Avaliou-se o efeito do retardo de crescimento intra-uterino e de fatores de risco para o retardo de crescimento intra-uterino sobre o perfil lipídico em adolescentes pertencentes ao estudo de coorte de nascimentos de 1982 de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Em 2000, os participantes do sexo masculino foram identificados no alistamento militar; 79% (n = 2.250) foram entrevistados e 2.089 doaram amostra de sangue. No presente estudo, as variáveis dependentes foram o colesterol total e suas frações (VLDL, LDL, HDL), colesterol não-HDL, razão LDL/HDL e triglicerídeos. As exposições estudadas foram o retardo de crescimento intra-uterino, o índice de massa corporal (IMC) materno pré-gestacional e o tabagismo materno durante a gravidez. Após ajuste para fatores de confusão, o colesterol total, LDL e não-HDL foram maiores entre os adolescentes cujo IMC materno pré-gestacional estava no terceiro e quarto quartil. No entanto, tais associações desapareceram após controle para dieta, escolaridade e IMC do adolescente. O retardo de crescimento intra-uterino e o tabagismo materno na gravidez não foram associados com o perfil lipídico aos 18 anos de idade.
Análise da concordância dos dados de mortalidade por dengue em dois sistemas nacionais de informação em saúde, Brasil, 2000-2005
Authors: Moraes Giselle Hentzy , Duarte Elisabeth Carmen
Published: November 2009

Este artigo analisa a concordância (bruta e ajustada) dos óbitos de dengue registrados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) e Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) no Brasil, no período de 2000 a 2005. Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico observacional, seccional e descritivo de concordância dos dados de mortalidade por dengue nesses dois sistemas de informação. A concordância bruta e ajustada por chance (índice kappa) geral, no período de análise, foi de 99,9% e 19,6%, respectivamente. No ano com maior número de casos (2002), esses valores foram de 99,9% e 28,2%, respectivamente. A variação da proporção de óbitos concordantes de dengue nas Unidades Federadas (UF) brasileiras foi de 0% a 33%, e a Região Centro-Oeste foi a que apresentou maior mediana. Este estudo discute a importância da análise integrada e rotineira dos sistemas de informação em saúde com intuito de seu aprimoramento e a ampliação de seu uso para a avaliação e formulação de políticas de saúde adequadas.
A alimentação saudável na ótica dos adolescentes: percepções e barreiras à sua implementação e características esperadas em materiais educativos
Authors: Toral Natacha , Conti Maria Aparecida , Slater Betzabeth
Published: November 2009

Este estudo visou avaliar percepções, barreiras e características de materiais educativos de promoção de alimentação saudável descritas por adolescentes. Realizaram-se quatro grupos focais com 25 adolescentes com perguntas sobre: percepção e motivação para modificar a dieta; conceito de alimentação saudável e barreiras para sua adoção; e características de impressos para a promoção de práticas alimentares saudáveis. Observou-se uma freqüente indecisão quanto a classificar a dieta como saudável. Os adolescentes referiram não se sentir confiantes para modificar a dieta, mas relataram conceitos adequados sobre alimentação saudável. As principais barreiras citadas foram focadas em aspectos pessoais e sociais, como: a tentação, o sabor dos alimentos, a influência dos pais e a falta de tempo e de opções de lanches saudáveis na escola. Para os jovens, materiais educativos de promoção de alimentação saudável devem reforçar seus benefícios imediatos e destacar mensagens alarmantes sobre os riscos à saúde advindos de uma alimentação inadequada.
Cambrian Trilobites from the Parahio and Zanskar Valleys, Indian Himalaya
Authors: Peng Shanchi , Hughes Nigel C. , Heim Noel A. , Sell Bryan K. , Zhu Xuejian , Myrow Paul M. , Parcha Suraj K.
Published: November 2009

New collections of trilobites from the type section of the Parahio Formation in the Parahio Valley, Spiti, and from the Parahio, Karsha, and Kurgiakh formations in the Zanskar Valley, permit biozonation based on material precisely located within measured stratigraphic sections. Specimens preserved in limestone with mild tectonic deformation clarify the features of several Himalayan taxa known previously only from severely deformed specimens preserved in shale. A total of 75 trilobite taxa from the Cambrian of Spiti and Zanskar can be referred, questionably at least, at the generic level or below, and 61 of these are present in our new collections. This new material is assigned with confidence to 29 existing species, and to 12 new species. Three new genera,Haydenaspis, Bhargavia, andHimalisania, are established; new species includeHaydenaspis parvatya, Prozacanthoides lahiri, Probowmania bhatti, Xingrenaspis parthiva, X. shyamalae, Bhargavia prakritika, Kaotaia prachina, Gunnia smithi, Sudanamonocarina sinindica, Proasaphiscus simoni, Koldinia odelli, andTorifera jelli. Ten additional Himalayan forms are assigned at the generic level only, and another 11 are questionably assigned to genera or species. The zonation proposed includes 6 zones and 3 levels, including theHaydenaspis parvatyalevel, theOryctocephalus indicuslevel, theKaotaia prachinaZone, theParamecephalus defossusZone, theOryctocephalus salteriZone, theIranoleesia buteslevel, theSudanomocarina sinindicaZone, theLejopyge acanthaZone, and theProagnostus bulbusZone. The sections span from the upper part of the informal Stage 4, Series 2 of the Cambrian System, about 511 Ma old, to theProagnostus bulbuszone of the Guzhangian Stage near the top of Series 3, dated at about 501 Ma. This time interval is represented by about 2000 m of section, which is thick compared to similar intervals elsewhere and is consistent with high rates of sedimentation along the Himalayan margin at the time. The fauna resembles others from equatorial peri-Gondwanaland, with closest similarity to that of South China. It also bears strong affinity to the North China fauna. Juvenile trilobites are described for the first time from India. A new Chinese species,Monanocephalus liquani, is also described.
Prevalence and Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Among Men and Women Entering Substance Use Disorder Treatment
Authors: Schneider Renee , Burnette Mandi L. , Ilgen Mark A. , Timko Christine
Published: November 2009

Intimate partner violence victimization was examined in men (N = 4,459) and women (N = 1,774) entering substance use disorder treatment. Nearly 1 in 2 women and 1 in 10 men reported lifetime victimization by an intimate partner. Entering treatment for alcohol, as compared to drug abuse and history of childhood abuse, were each associated with intimate partner violence victimization. Victimization by an intimate partner was also associated with mental health problems, including depression, anxiety, and attempted suicide. Although victimization was linked to physical health problems, the nature of these problems varied by gender. Women and men with a history of intimate partner victimization present to substance use disorder treatment with a complex array of mental and physical health problems.
Correlates for Legal Help-Seeking: Contextual Factors for Battered Women in Shelter
Authors: Wright Caroline Vaile , Johnson Dawn M.
Published: November 2009

Legal redress can play a critical role in interrupting the pattern of domination and control inherent in intimate partner violence (IPV), yet it remains an infrequent strategy among battered women. The current study employed a contextual framework for investigating the correlates for engagement in the criminal justice system for a sample of 227 sheltered battered women. Results indicated that individual, relational, and system-level factors were all associated with two legal help-seeking behaviors: having a civil protection order and criminal prosecution. In particular, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology, social support, and prior experience with police officers were significant correlates for legal help-seeking. Results highlight the need for a coordinated community response to IPV, addressing both legal needs and psychological needs simultaneously.
Exploring Mexican-Origin Intimate Partner Abuse Survivors’ Help-Seeking Within Their Sociocultural Contexts
Authors: Brabeck Kalina M. , Guzmán Michele R.
Published: November 2009

Women’s responses to partner abuse are shaped by their particular sociocultural contexts. In this study, quantitative data were collected from 75 Mexican-origin women who survived intimate partner abuse, to identify variables associated with help-seeking to survive relationship abuse. Help-seeking was defined as use of formal (e.g., shelter) and informal (e.g., family) sources. Variables included two cultural variables: machismo (i.e., adherence to traditional gender roles) and familismo (i.e., valuing family cohesion and reciprocity), and four sociostructural variables: income, education, English proficiency, and immigrant status. Results indicated participants with higher levels of familismo sought informal help more frequently than those with lower levels. Women with grade school education, no English proficiency, and undocumented status sought formal help less frequently than those not constrained by these barriers.
Factors influencing public perception of drinking water quality
Authors: de França Doria Miguel
Published: November 2009

A better understanding of the processes that influence public perception can contribute to improvements in water management, consumer services, acceptability of water reuse and risk communication, among other areas. This paper discusses some of the main variables involved in public perception of drinking water quality. Research on this topic suggests that perceptions of water quality result from a complex interaction of diverse factors. In many circumstances, the estimation of water quality is mostly influenced by organoleptic properties, in particular flavour. In addition, a variety of other factors also have an influence on perceptions of quality. These include risk perception, attitudes towards water chemicals, contextual cues provided by the supply system, familiarity with specific water properties, trust in suppliers, past problems attributed to water quality and information provided by the mass media and interpersonal sources. The role and relevance of these factors are discussed in detail.
Water management and irrigated agriculture in Italy: multicriteria analysis of alternative policy scenarios
Authors: Bartolini F. , Gallerani V. , Raggi M. , Viaggi D.
Published: November 2009

Irrigated agriculture in Europe is facing major changes, due to the reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy and the coming into force of the new Water Framework Directive (60/2000). The objective of this paper is to evaluate the perceived outcome of different scenarios from the point of view of different stakeholders, as an instrument to support policy in the sector of irrigated farming. The methodology is based on the multicriteria analysis of water and agricultural policy scenarios and is applied in five study areas in Italy. The pay-offs for different stakeholders differ greatly between scenarios. Basic contrasts between farmer-related and environmental/water institutions are emphasised when facing different futures. This shows that greater coordination is necessary to provide consistent policies and appropriate incentives to farmers.
Water resource management for sustainable agriculture in Punjab, India
Authors: Aggarwal Rajan , Kaushal Mohinder , Kaur Samanpreet , Farmaha Bhupinder
Published: November 2009

The state of Punjab comprising 1.5% area of the country has been contributing 40–50% rice and 60–65% wheat to the central pool since last three decades. During last 35 years The area under foodgrains has increased from 39,200 sq km ha to 63,400 sq km and the production of rice and wheat has increased from 0.18 to 0.32 kg/m2 and 0.22 to 0.43 kg/m2 respectively. This change in cropping pattern has increased irrigation water requirement tremendously and the irrigated area has increased from 71 to 95% in the state. Also the number of tube wells has increased from 0.192 to 1.165 million in the last 35 years. The excessive indiscriminate exploitation of ground water has created a declining water table situation in the state. The problem is most critical in central Punjab. The average rate of decline over the last few years has been 55 cm per year. The worst affected districts are Moga, Sangrur, Nawanshahar, Ludhiana and Jalandhar. This has resulted in extra power consumption, affects the socio-economic conditions of the small farmers, destroy the ecological balance and adversely affect the sustainable agricultural production and economy of the state. Therefore, in this paper attempt has been made to analyse the problem of declining water table, possible factors responsible for this and suggest suitable strategies for arresting declining water table for sustainable agriculture in Punjab. The strategies include shift of cropping pattern, delay in paddy transplantation, precision irrigation and rainwater harvesting for artificial groundwater recharge.
Photo-degradation of clofibric acid by ultraviolet light irradiation at 185 nm
Authors: Li Wenzhen , Lu Shuguang , Chen Nuo , Gu Xiaogang , Qiu Zhaofu , Fan Ji , Lin Kuangfei
Published: November 2009

As a metabolite of lipid regulators, clofibric acid (CA) was investigated in this study for its ultraviolet (UV) degradation at monochromatic wavelength of 185 nm using Milli-Q water and sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent. The effects of CA initial concentration, solution pH, humic acid (HA), nitrate and bicarbonate anions on CA degradation performances were evaluated. All CA degradation patterns well fitted the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The results showed that ∙OH generated from water photolysis by UV185 irradiation was involved, resulting in indirect CA photolysis but contributed less to the whole CA removal when compared to the main direct photolysis process. Acid condition favored slightly to CA degradation and other constituents in solution, such as HA (5.0–100.0 mg L−1), nitrate and bicarbonate anions (1.0 × 10−3 mol L−1 and 0.1 mol L−1), had negative effects on CA degradation. When using real STP effluent CA degradation could reach 97.4% (without filtration) and 99.3% (with filtration) after 1 hr irradiation, showing its potential mean in pharmaceuticals removal in UV disinfection unit. Mineralization tests showed that rapid chloride ion release happened, resulting in no chlorinated intermediates accumulation, and those non-chlorinated intermediate products could further be nearly completely degraded to CO2 and H2O after 6 hrs.