bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forum Theatre as a mechanism to explore representation of local people's values in environmental governance: A case of study from Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: Olvera‐Hernández Silvia , Mesa‐Jurado M. Azahara , Novo Paula , Martin‐Ortega Julia , Walsh Aylwyn , Holmes George , Borchi Alice
Published: December 2022

Nature degradation, poverty and social discrimination are some of the consequences of unfair decision‐making over environmental resources within rural communities in the Global South. Barriers to achieving fair environmental decisions are entrenched power differences and the lack of representation of the diversity of local values in environmental decision‐making.

Using intersectionality and value pluralism as a conceptual base, this is the first paper to examine the potential of Forum Theatre, a performance arts‐based method, to discuss ‘solutions’ regarding power differences and values towards nature in environmental decision‐making.

We implemented Forum Theatre in two rural villages in Chiapas, Mexico, framed around conflicts and power differences in eco‐tourism development.

Participants felt empathy with the Forum Theatre characters and dissatisfaction over the conflicts, and this motivated them to engage and participate in collective reflections on their own personal experiences with power differences in environmental decision‐making.

From these reflections, participants performed diverse ‘solutions’ to the conflicts, bringing to the fore plural interconnected and dynamic values towards nature in these narratives. Despite this, Forum Theatre does not look to ‘solve’ conflicts; it is a safe space to explore how power differences and values towards nature play out in environmental decision‐making.

Results offer a promising picture of the potential of Forum Theatre as an opening where participants could discuss power differences and values towards nature. However, establishing its potential as a tool in environmental decision‐making would require engaging those involved in implementing environmental decisions that affect the communities but who operate from other levels of the governance structure, such as policy‐makers and large NGOs.

Read the freePlain Language Summaryfor this article on the Journal blog.
Imaging of pediatric extragonadal pelvic soft tissue tumors: A COG Diagnostic Imaging Committee/SPR Oncology Committee White Paper
Authors: Pace Erika , Johnson Tatum S. , Kao Simon C. , Parikh Ashish K. , Qi Jing , Rajderkar Dhanashree A. , Reid Janet R. , Towbin Alexander J. , States Lisa J.
Published: December 2022

The most common pediatric extragonadal pelvic cancers include germ cell tumors, sacrococcygeal teratomas, and rhabdomyosarcomas (arising from the urinary bladder, prostate, paratesticular tissues, vagina, uterus, and perineum). This paper describes the radiological and nuclear medicine features of these entities and provides consensus‐based recommendations for the assessment at diagnosis, during, and after treatment.
Application of capacitive sensors and controlled injection pressure to minimize void formation in resin transfer molding
Authors: Neitzel Benedikt , Puch Florian
Published: December 2022

Void formation as a result of irregular resin flow at the flow front is discussed and a practical method for reducing void formation during resin transfer molding (RTM) is introduced. In this study, a sensor system is developed for in situ measurement of resin velocity inside a closed cavity. Assisted by the acquired data, a resin injection system is augmented to automatically adjust the injection pressure and achieve a uniform flow front velocity. It is proven, that the developed system is suited to monitor the resin flow front and is able to sufficiently control flow velocity of a linear flow front. Test specimen produced by this method show significantly reduced void contents in comparison to a common resin transfer molding process.
The inequity of targeted cystic fibrosis reproductive carrier screening tests in Australia
Authors: Shum Bennett O. V. , Sng Letitia M. F. , Ruseckaite Rasa , Henner Ilya , Twine Natalie , Bauer Denis C. , Wilgen Urs , Pretorius Carel , Barahona Paulette , Ungerer Jacobus P. J. , Bennett Glenn
Published: December 2022

Objective

European and Australian guidelines for cystic fibrosis (CF) reproductive carrier screening recommend testing a small number of high frequency CF causing variants, rather than comprehensive CFTR sequencing. The study objective was to determine variant detection rates of commercially available targeted reproductive carrier screening tests in Australia.

Methods

Next‐generation DNA sequencing of the CFTR gene was performed on 2552 individuals from a whole population sample to identify CF causing variants. The variant detection rates of two commercially available Australian reproductive carrier screening tests, which target 50 or 175 CF causing variants, in this population were calculated. The ethnicity of individuals was determined using principal component analysis.

Results

Variant detection rates of the tests for 50 and 175 CF causing variants were 88.2% and 90.8%, respectively. No CF causing variants in individuals of East Asian ethnicity (n = 3) were detected by either test, while >86.6% (n = 69) of CF causing variants in Europeans would be identified by either test.

Conclusions

Reproductive carrier screening tests for a targeted set of high frequency CF variants are unable to detect approximately 10% of CF variants in a multiethnic Australian population, and individuals of East Asian ethnicity are disproportionally affected by this test limitation.
Examining the clinical impact of rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction‐based diagnostic testing for bloodstream infections in a national cohort of the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Britt Nicholas S. , Khader Karim , He Tao , Willson Tina M. , Effiong Atim , Timbrook Tristan T. , Potter Emily M. , Lodise Thomas P.
Published: December 2022

Study Objective

Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are a significant cause of mortality. Use of a rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction‐based blood culture identification panel (BCID) may improve antimicrobial utilization and clinical outcomes by shortening the time to appropriate therapy and de‐escalating antibiotics among patients on overly broad‐spectrum empiric therapy. The effect of BCID on clinical outcomes across varying institutional antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) practices is unclear. This study evaluated clinical outcomes associated with the “real‐world” implementation of BCID in a national health system with varying ASP practices.

Design

National, multicenter, retrospective, pre–post quasi‐experimental study of hospitalized patients admitted from 2015 to 2020 to VHA facilities, which introduced the BCID for ≥1 year.

Setting

United States Veterans Health Administration (VHA) hospitals with BCID.

Patients

Hospitalized VHA patients with ≥1 blood culture positive for bacteria featured on the BCID panel.

Intervention

Comparison of outcomes between the pre‐ and post‐BCID implementation groups.

Measurements

Outcomes evaluated included early antimicrobial de‐escalation within 48 h, defined as reduction in antimicrobial spectrum scores, time to appropriate therapy, and 30‐day mortality.

Main Results

A total of 4138 patients (pre‐BCID, n = 2100; post‐BCID, n = 2038) met the study criteria. Implementation of BCID was associated with significant improvements in early antimicrobial de‐escalation (34.6%: pre‐BCID vs. 38.1%: post‐BCID; p = 0.022), which persisted after adjusting for other covariates (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.20; p = 0.011). Median time to appropriate therapy was shorter in the post‐BCID implementation group relative to the pre‐BCID group (9 h: pre‐BCID vs. 8 h: post‐BCID, respectively, p = 0.005), and a greater percentage of patients received early appropriate antimicrobial therapy within 48 h in the post‐BCID implementation group (91.7%: pre‐BCID vs. 93.8%: post‐BCID; p = 0.008). In the multivariable regression analysis, BCID implementation was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of appropriate therapy within 48 h (aRR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01–1.08; p = 0.020). There was no difference in 30‐day mortality between groups overall (12.6% pre‐BCID vs. 11.2% post‐BCID; p = 0.211).

Conclusions

In a “real‐world” clinical setting, the implementation of BCID was associated with clinical improvements in antimicrobial utilization. The BCID platform may serve as a useful adjunct for BSI management in facilities with ASP.
Evaluation of acyllysine isostere interactions with the aromatic pocket of the AF9 YEATS domain
Authors: Travis Christopher R. , Francis Denver Y. , Williams David C. , Waters Marcey L.
Published: December 2022

Amide−π interactions, in which an amide interacts with an aromatic group, are ubiquitous in biology, yet remain understudied relative to other noncovalent interactions. Recently, we demonstrated that an electrostatically tunable amide−π interaction is key to recognition of histone acyllysine by the AF9 YEATS domain, a reader protein which has emerged as a therapeutic target due to its dysregulation in cancer. Amide isosteres are commonly employed in drug discovery, often to prevent degradation by proteases, and have proven valuable in achieving selectivity when targeting epigenetic proteins. However, like amide−π interactions, interactions of amide isosteres with aromatic rings have not been thoroughly studied despite widespread use. Herein, we evaluate the recognition of a series of amide isosteres by the AF9 YEATS domain using genetic code expansion to evaluate the amide isostere−π interaction. We show that compared to the amide−π interaction with the native ligand, each isostere exhibits similar electrostatic tunability with an aromatic residue in the binding pocket, demonstrating that the isosteres maintain similar interactions with the aromatic residue. We identify a urea‐containing ligand that binds with enhanced affinity for the AF9 YEATS domain, offering a promising starting point for inhibitor development. Furthermore, we demonstrate that carbamate and urea isosteres of crotonyllysine are resistant to enzymatic removal by SIRT1, a protein that cleaves acyl post‐translational modifications, further indicating the potential of amide isosteres in YEATS domain inhibitor development. These results also provide experimental precedent for interactions of these common drug discovery moieties with aromatic rings that can inform computational methods.
Selective incorporation of 5‐hydroxytryptophan blocks long range electron transfer in oxalate decarboxylase
Authors: Pastore Anthony John , Montoya Alvaro , Kamat Manasi , Basso Kari B. , Italia James S. , Chatterjee Abhishek , Drosou Maria , Pantazis Dimitrios A. , Angerhofer Alexander
Published: December 2022

Oxalate decarboxylase from Bacillus subtilis is a binuclear Mn‐dependent acid stress response enzyme that converts the mono‐anion of oxalic acid into formate and carbon dioxide in a redox neutral unimolecular disproportionation reaction. A π‐stacked tryptophan dimer, W96 and W274, at the interface between two monomer subunits facilitates long‐range electron transfer between the two Mn ions and plays an important role in the catalytic mechanism. Substitution of W96 with the unnatural amino acid 5‐hydroxytryptophan leads to a persistent EPR signal which can be traced back to the neutral radical of 5‐hydroxytryptophan with its hydroxyl proton removed. 5‐Hydroxytryptophan acts as a hole sink preventing the formation of Mn(III) at the N‐terminal active site and strongly suppresses enzymatic activity. The lower boundary of the standard reduction potential for the active site Mn(II)/Mn(III) couple can therefore be estimated as 740 mV against the normal hydrogen electrode at pH 4, the pH of maximum catalytic efficiency. Our results support the catalytic importance of long‐range electron transfer in oxalate decarboxylase while at the same time highlighting the utility of unnatural amino acid incorporation and specifically the use of 5‐hydroxytryptophan as an energetic sink for hole hopping to probe electron transfer in redox proteins.
Isoliquiritigenin inhibits microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation in models of Parkinson's disease via JNK/AKT/NFκB signaling pathway
Authors: Bai Yuyan , Zhou Jin , Zhu Han , Tao Yanlin , Wang Lupeng , Yang Liu , Wu Hui , Huang Fei , Shi Hailian , Wu Xiaojun
Published: December 2022

Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a flavonoid with numerous pharmacological properties, including anti‐inflammation, yet its role in Parkinson's disease (PD) with microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation remains unknown. In this study, the effects of ISL on inhibiting microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation in PD were evaluated in the 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium (MPTP)‐induced mouse model of PD and in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated BV‐2 microglia. Our results showed that ISL prevented behavioral deficits and excessive microglial activation in MPTP‐treated mice. Moreover, ISL was found to prevent the elevation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), and mitigate the phosphorylation of c‐Jun N‐terminal protein kinase (JNK), protein kinase B (AKT), nuclear factor kappa light‐chain enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB), and inhibitor of NFκB protein ɑ (IκBɑ) in the substantia nigra and striatum of MPTP‐treated mice and LPS‐stimulated BV‐2 cells. Meanwhile, in LPS‐stimulated BV‐2 cells, ISL inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α). In addition, the agonist of JNK partly abolished the inhibitory effects of ISL in LPS‐treated BV‐2 cells. Our results demonstrated that ISL inhibits microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation in PD models probably through deactivating JNK/AKT/NFκB signaling pathways. The novel findings suggest the therapeutic potential of ISL for microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation in PD.
Safety of varicella vaccination strategies: An overview of reviews
Authors: Ahern Susan , Walsh Kieran A. , Paone Simona , Browne John , Carrigan Marie , Harrington Patricia , Murphy Aileen , Teljeur Conor , Ryan Máirín
Published: December 2022

The safety of new vaccines under development as well as existing vaccines is a key priority for national and international public health agencies. A number of countries have implemented universal childhood varicella vaccination programmes over the past 30 years. However, strategies differ in terms of the number of doses, type of vaccine(s) recommended, age at vaccination and interval between doses for a two‐dose schedule. An overview of reviews was undertaken to assess the existing systematic review evidence of the safety of varicella vaccination strategies. The review was restricted to immunocompetent children aged 9 months to 6 years inclusive. A comprehensive search of databases, registries and grey literature was conducted up to 2 February 2022. Two reviewers independently screened, extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of included reviews. Overlap of included reviews was also assessed. A total of 17 reviews, incorporating both the monovalent varicella only and quadrivalent measles‐mumps‐rubella‐varicella (MMRV) vaccines were included in the overview; six assessed the safety of one‐dose strategies, four assessed the safety of two‐dose strategies and 14 reviews did not specify the dosing strategy. The evidence suggests that mild local and systemic reactions are relatively common with varicella vaccination. Febrile seizures are also possible adverse effects of both the monovalent and quadrivalent MMRV vaccine, but serious adverse reactions are rare. While most reviews contained methodological flaws, and analysis by vaccine type and dosing strategy was restricted due to lack of detail in reporting of the reviews, there was clear and consistent evidence from a substantial evidence base, comprising 34 randomised controlled trials and 62 other primary studies/reviews, that varicella vaccination is safe.
Value chains and sustainable development: A perspective of sustainable coffee value chains in East Africa
Authors: Canwat Vincent
Published: December 2022

Sustainable development concerns have been integrated into global value chains through the enforcement of sustainability standards, making the chains sustainable. Understanding the sustainability effects of sustainable value chains has been limited by the narrow focus on one standard, few larger comparative perspectives, methodological weaknesses, and diversity of contexts. This article analyses how sustainable coffee value chains contribute to sustainable development. Systematically, the study reviewed peer‐reviewed publications based on causal methodologies and primary data collected from Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, and Ethiopia. The paper shows that sustainable value chains promote sustainable development, but their effects vary across sustainability dimensions and standards. Fairtrade has a higher contribution to social sustainability because it emphasizes social issues. Organic standards and the Rainforest Alliance also have a higher contribution to ecological sustainability because they emphasize ecological conservation. Sustainable coffee value chains have more contributions to social and ecological sustainability than economic sustainability because of the trade‐offs that ensues from conversion to sustainable value chains. However, combining standards reduces trade‐offs. The sustainability effects of sustainable value chains also vary across cooperatives because of their heterogeneity.
Toward a readiness model for secure software coding
Authors: Humayun Mamoona , Niazi Mahmood , Jhanjhi Noor Zaman , Mahmood Sajjad , Alshayeb Mohammad
Published: December 2022

The heart of the application's secure operation is its software code. If the code contains flaws, the entire program might be hacked. The issue with software vulnerabilities is that they reveal coding flaws that hackers could exploit. The prevention of cybersecurity issues begins with the program code itself. When writing software code, a software developer must consider expressing the application's architecture and design requirements, keeping the code streamlined and efficient, and ensuring the code is safe. Secure code helps save the system from various cyber‐attacks by eliminating the weaknesses that many hacks rely on. To assist the software organization in Secure Software Coding (SSC), this article proposes a readiness model for SSC, namely SSCRM. The proposed model has five levels; SSC challenges and best practices (BP) are mapped at each level. The proposed model will help the organizations better understand SSC challenges and BPs and provide a roadmap for developing secure software code. The proposed model was evaluated using three case studies. The findings demonstrate that the proposed approach helps determine an organization's SSC level.
Comparative Study of θ Projection Method and Its Modified Forms on Creep Life Prediction
Authors: Cheng Lei , Guo Qing , Yu Wei , Han Ying , Cai Qingwu
Published: December 2022

The phenomenological characteristics of θ projection method constrain its prediction accuracy, especially at the primary creep stage. Herein, the mathematical features of the classical θ projection method and its modified forms based on a group of creep curves of a newly designed low‐cost heat‐resistant steel are analyzed. A detailed data processing method is introduced, and the prediction accuracy is comparatively studied with respect to the relative error on different creep stages. Results reveal that the simplified 3‐parameter method brings a balanced improvement on the residual errors by sacrificing the prediction accuracy on primary creep. However, the 5‐parameter method can precisely predict the characteristics of primary creep, and the tolerance fitting process can further reduce the deviation at the tertiary creep stage. Furthermore, the 5‐parameter method shows a larger reliable prediction region than the 3‐parameter method, and the two methods present good consistency when the applied stress is larger than 134 MPa. Herein, theoretical guidance for the selection of different θ projection methods is provided.
Effects of Retained Austenite and Softened Martensite on High‐Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Spring Steel under Two Loading Modes
Authors: Hao Qingguo , Zhou Qingsong , Yang Qi , Zhang Ke , Yang Weitao , Zheng Cheng , Fu Cong , Rong Yonghua
Published: December 2022

A novel quenching‐partitioning‐tempering (Q‐P‐T) process is applied to 60Si2Mn spring steel, resulting in multiphase microstructures consisting mainly of retained austenite (RA) and softened martensite (SFM). The influence of multiphase microstructures on the high‐cycle fatigue behavior of Q‐P‐T and traditional quenching and tempering (Q&T) spring steels are investigated under rotating–bending and tension–tension loading. The results indicate that the fatigue strength of Q‐P‐T spring steel with RA, SFM, and lower quenching stress increases by 23.9 and 14.4% under cyclic rotating–bending and tension–tension loadings, respectively, compared with that of Q&T spring steel. Under both loading modes, the fatigue crack of the Q‐P‐T spring steel is mainly initiated from the interface between the martensitic matrix and inclusions or carbides. In contrast, the fatigue crack of the Q&T spring steel is mainly initiated from the plastic area around the martensitic matrix rather than inclusions. The RA, SFM, and lower quenching stress of the Q‐P‐T spring steel are conducive to the formation of dimples and tear ridges in the crack propagation and ultimate failure areas, whereas the inadequate SFM and higher quenching stress of the Q&T spring steel are prone to the formation of quasi‐cleavage facets and secondary cracks.
A Systematic Review of Factors Affecting the Process Parameters and Various Measurement Techniques in Forging Processes
Authors: Sharma Shrutika , Sharma Mayank , Gupta Vishal , Singh Jaskaran
Published: December 2022

Forging is a primary manufacturing process used in several manufacturing industries. Aircraft and automobile industries are manufacturing products with high‐dimensional accuracy and quality that are highly precise or near the required shape. Customers require products that are free of cracks and fulfill their functional requirements. This leads to the advancement of the forging process due to its ability to form complicated and intricate shapes. Herein, a detailed review of the aspects of forging is given in which the optimization of factors like preform design, forging conditions, workpiece dimensions, die design, lubricant properties, and thermal treatment parameters are discussed, enhancing the tool life and forging quality of the product. The selection of die‐forging tool material and methods for enhancing the surface quality of forged products are also reviewed. The article also presents methods for measurement of forging quality, tool life, machine effectiveness, forging image acquisition, and forging parameters, which can significantly reduce the risk of error at every step of the forging process. This review serves as a reference for researchers to increase production rate, enhance the effectiveness of measurement system, and improve the quality of forged products with technological advancement.
Strong {411}<148> Recrystallization Texture in Fe–Si–Ni–Al–Mn High‐Strength Non‐Oriented Electrical Steel
Authors: Hou Diwen , Fang Feng , Wang Yang , Zhang Yuanxiang , Zhang Xiaoming , Misra Devesh , Yuan Guo
Published: December 2022

This study is focused on, elucidating texture evolution during the different process stages of a new Fe–Si–Ni–Al–Mn high‐strength non‐oriented electrical steel and the formation of the {411}<148> grains whose formation reduces the γ texture content and improves the magnetic properties. The strongest texture component of the new of high‐strength non‐oriented electrical steel type is {111}<110> in the grain nucleation stage. Nevertheless, the {411}<148> orientation is the main orientation component in the grain growth stage. The {411}<148> grains nucleate at the γ oriented and {001}<110>‐{223}<110> grains boundaries or intracrystalline shear bands of γ‐fiber grains. There is a competitive relationship between the nucleation of {411}<148> grains, Cube, Goss, and γ‐fiber grains at the beginning of recrystallization. The combined effect of the size advantage of {411}<148> grains, the influence of orientation pinning on other major oriented grains, and the high mobility of {411}<148> grain boundaries generate a significant {411}<148> recrystallized grain after the annealing process. The key mechanism of {411}<148> texture formation is attributed to the selective growth theory in Fe–Si–Ni–Al–Mn high‐strength non‐oriented electrical steel.
How a novel partnership, to support rural healthcare teams, changed how we define what it means to be a practicing statistician
Authors: Rolfes Jennifer , McEachern Edward , Yturriondobeitia Jennifer , Klarc Hilary
Published: December 2022

Rural healthcare teams face many challenges and resource constraints which have been exacerbated during the global pandemic. Often without the technical expertise required to meet mandatory reporting requirements defined by multiple stakeholders, providers become too overwhelmed to focus their time on patient care. At the same time, the healthcare industry is moving away from a fee‐for‐service business model to a value‐based contract model, requiring provider organizations to enhance their reporting capabilities and optimize workflows. The novel partnership developed between a payer and a non‐profit allowed for a repeatable framework to be established to deploy technical resources and solve problems. Statisticians and data scientists are at the core intersection of the tools for connecting healthcare organizations with their data, and the processes allowing providers to use data and tools effectively and efficiently. It is also critical to identify the right statistical consultants since flexibility and empathy are required for this work. Through this pilot project, there has been meaningful success across quality measure reporting, patient outcomes, provider engagement, behavioural health and cancer screening and automation of solutions. Teams work together across disciplines to design sustainable solutions to a wide range of problems, all in service to the quadruple aim.
The impact of kidnapping on foreign ownership of firms in Nigeria
Authors: Ede Obiajulu , Okafor Godwin
Published: December 2022

Nigeria is one of the countries in Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) that has faced high incidents of kidnapping. As a result of that, some studies have investigated its determinants and economic consequences in Nigeria. However, no study is yet to investigate its impact on the foreign ownership of firms. This is a research void that this article has attempted to fill. Using the World Bank Enterprise Survey and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, we found empirical evidence of the negative impact of kidnapping on the foreign ownership of firms. An increase in the kidnapping rate by one (1 per 100,000 of population) will reduce the foreign ownership of firms by 4.855–10.098% depending on the econometric model. There is also empirical evidence that the impact of kidnapping on foreign ownership will vary by geographical regions in Nigeria and by firm size. Policy implications were deduced from our findings.
The Phenomenon of Entrepreneurship in Reindeer Husbandry in Yamal: Assessment of the Situation, Paradoxes, and Contradictions
Authors: Pilyasov Alexander Nickolaevich , Kibenko Valeriy Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2022

The chapter considers the development of domestic reindeer herding in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Region over the past 30 years in terms of an entrepreneurial paradigm. Individual reindeer herding families own almost 60% of all domestic reindeer in the region. The chapter describes two types of nomadic entrepreneurs: economically independent and those relying on state support as well as differences in their behavior patterns, cultural values, and nomadic routes. Two reindeer herding models are presented: the ‘meat model’ of the Yamalsky district and the ‘antler model’ of the Tazovsky and Priuralsky districts in Yamal. Both models determine the differences in terms of size, dynamics and structure of the herd, length of nomadic routes, structure of production income. Unlike the dominant point of view blaming irresponsible reindeer herders for the depletion of pastures, the authors of the article see the problem as an institutional one – the result of public policies that created wrong incentives for reindeer herding entrepreneurs in recent decades. This policy transferred them to the position of hired herders equal to the state workers. The authors propose reforms in Yamal reindeer herding that will ensure a decisive transition to an entrepreneurial model in reindeer husbandry and an algorithm for the reforms in the state support system.
Sámi Traditional Reindeer Herding Knowledge Throughout a Year: Herding Periods on Snow-Covered Ground
Authors: Eira Inger Marie Gaup , Turi Ellen Inga , Turi Johan Mathis
Published: December 2022

Sámi traditional reindeer herding knowledge is the basis decisions in time and space made by Sámi reindeer herders with emphasis on periods and cycles and related to reindeer husbandry on snow-covered land. This chapter outlines aspects of the Sámi traditional knowledge used by reindeer herders in Western Finnmark performing reindeer herding during periods with snow on the ground. We will highlight the periods from October till April, as these constitute the critical bottlenecks in the annual herding cycle. Using methods for communicating with herders and co-production of knowledge between reindeer herders and science, this chapter outlines traditional reindeer herding periods and cycles through the year focusing particularly on aspects of herding on snow-covered ground. Reindeer herding strategies and practices are highly complicated and systematic enterprises containing different types of knowledge on how the biological and gender-based behavioral aspects of reindeer and the movement of the reindeer in time and space are connected to climate, temperature, and snow metamorphism. This includes knowledge about the different seasons, cycles, and periods in a reindeer year. Reindeer herding periods and cycles contain different sub-cycles that are a part of a larger system based on the year, the lunar month and day/night, e.g., cycles related to the use of areas throughout the year; the biological cycles of reindeer, like rutting season, calving season, dropped or cast antlers and moulting fur; sexual behavioral cycles; cycles relative to climate and snow, the cycles of sexual maturity, cycles of extreme years and cycles that include reindeer herding periods throughout the year.
Learning by Herding – Transmission of Sámi Reindeer Herding Knowledge and Skills
Authors: Bongo Mathis Persen , Eira Inger Marie Gaup
Published: December 2022

The chapter addresses the issues of disseminating the knowledge and skills of the Sámi reindeer herders: frameworks, methodologies, and ways of knowledge transmission in reindeer husbandry. The chapter overviews existing teaching practices, learning levels, and learning arenas, comparing traditional knowledge transmission and academic curriculum. The authors discuss lifelong learning, systematic learning methods, and responsibilities. The chapter findings are based on the interviews with the Sámi reindeer herders from Guovdageaidnu/Kautokeino, a literature review, and author’s reindeer herding experiences.
Trends and Effects of Climate Change on Reindeer Husbandry in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Authors: Popova Lena , Avelova Svetlana , Gerasimova Alena , Lutz Julia , Mathiesen Svein Disch , Moiakunova Anisiia , Petrova Alexandra , Pogodaev Mikhail , Shadrin Vyacheslav , Shishigina Anna N. , Zhozhikov Anatoly V.
Published: December 2022

The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), like other Arctic regions, faces severe climatic and environmental changes and hazards such as temperature increase, permafrost thaw, intense forest fires, earlier melting, and flooding. Significant climate and environmental changes over the past decades pose risks to the preservation of the traditional way of life of Indigenous peoples, including reindeer husbandry. Understanding trends and effects of climate change in the Republic of Sakha is needed to project and manage the future of reindeer husbandry, the resilience of Indigenous communities, and plan their economic adaptation. In this article, we analyze meteorological data from four weather stations located in different reindeer herding areas of Yakutia focusing on snow cover formation, permafrost conditions, and forest fires; provide the results of in-depth interviews with local people on the impact of climate change on reindeer herding. The financing of resilience development in the Republic is discussed. In conclusion, suggest necessary measures that can be taken for adaptation and overcoming emerging threats and challenges for further development of reindeer husbandry which is the central basis of the identity of the Indigenous peoples of the North.
Comparative Analyses of Local Historical and Future Climate Conditions Important for Reindeer Herding in Finnmark, Norway and the Yamal Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia
Authors: Hanssen-Bauer Inger , Benestad Rasmus E. , Lutz Julia , Vikhamar-Schuler Dagrun , Svyashchennikov Pavel , Førland Eirik J.
Published: December 2022

In Finnmark, average winter (Dec-Jan-Feb) temperatures in the period 1961–1990 were about −5 °C at the coast, slightly lower in the fjords, and typically 10 °C lower inland. In the Yamal Nenets Autonomous Okrug (YNAO) average winter temperatures were even lower, ranging from −20 to −25 °C. Temperatures are presently increasing in the area, and towards the end of this century, winter temperatures in the YNAO may, under a medium high emission scenario, resemble the previous conditions in the interior of Finnmark, while inland Finnmark may experience conditions that were earlier found along the fjords. The snow season in 1961–1990 typically lasted from 6 to 8 months in Finnmark. Higher temperatures lead to a reduced snow season and model calculations indicate a 3-month reduction along the coast, where it is shortest today, while the inland snow season may be one month shorter towards the end of the century. Along the coast, a 60% reduction in the winter maximum snow amount is projected towards the end of the century. In the interior of Finnmark, considerably smaller changes are projected in maximum snow amounts, as average precipitation is projected to increase, implicating increased snowfall during winter. Maximum snow amounts may even increase slightly at some inland sites. Higher winter temperatures will lead to changes in the snow structure. Compared to herders’ reports, the SNOWPACK model successfully reproduced high-density snow layers during the past decades. To describe future snow structures of relevance for reindeer grazing conditions in Finnmark and YNAO, more detailed climate projections are needed.
Research on Bitcoin Anti-anonymity Technology Based on Behavior Vectors Mapping and Aligning Model
Authors: Lin Shenwen , Mao Hongliang , Wu Zhen , Yang Jinglin
Published: December 2022

Traditional anti-anonymity technologies for Bitcoin transactions include two types. One is network-layer anti-anonymity technology, which achieves the purpose of locating the initial IP of specific transaction information by speculating on the IP propagation path of transaction; the other is the anti-anonymity technology of the transaction layer. By analyzing the data of the Bitcoin ledger, it realizes the on-chain behavior portrait of a specific wallet address attributable to the user. In this work, we propose a new anti-anonymity technology, by constructing transaction behavior vectors and social behavior vectors based on Bitcoin ledger data and off-chain social data respectively, and build a model for mapping and aligning the two vectors. Experimental test shows that the proposed anti-anonymity technology is more accurate and has better practical effects. Furthermore, the technology suits for the anti-anonymity of other virtual currencies as well.
Research on Information Security Asset Value Assessment Methodology
Authors: Yang Xueqin , Yang Peng , Lin Honggang
Published: December 2022

In response to the fact that traditional asset value assessment methods are subjective and cannot distinguish the value of different assets carrying the same type of business, a comprehensive assessment method that takes into account the importance of the business carried by the assets is proposed. In this paper, four factors affecting business importance are selected as evaluation indicators, and the CRITIC objective assignment method is used to obtain the weights of each evaluation indicator, calculate the importance of the business carried by the asset, and then calculate the asset value using the multiplication method with the assigned values of the asset in terms of confidentiality (C), integrity (I) and availability (A). The results of the case validation show that the calculation results of assessing the asset value by combining business importance are consistent with the actual value of the asset, and the comparison results with the traditional method show that the proposed method is more objective and reasonable in assessing the asset value.
Research on Named Entity Recognition Method of Network Threat Intelligence
Authors: Zhang Keke , Chen Xu , Jing Yongjun , Wang Shuyang , Tang Lijun
Published: December 2022

With the continuous emergence of new network threat means, how to turn passive defense into active prediction, the rise of Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) technology provides a new idea. CTI technology can timely and effectively obtain all kinds of network security threat intelligence information to help security personnel quickly identify all kinds of attacks and make effective decisions in time. However, there are not only a large number of redundant information in threat intelligence information, but also the problems of Chinese English mixing, fuzzy boundary, and polysemy of related security entities. Therefore, identifying complex and valuable information from this information has become a great challenge. Through the research on the above problems, a named entity recognition model in the field of Network Threat Intelligence Based on BERT-BiLSTM-Self-Attention-CRF is proposed to identify the complex network threat intelligence entities in the text. Firstly, the dynamic word vector is obtained through Bert to fully represent the semantic information and solve the problem of polysemy of a word. Then the obtained word vector is used as the input of BiLSTM, and the context feature vector is obtained by BiLSTM. Then the output result is introduced into the self-attention mechanism to capture the correlation within the data or features, and finally the result is input into CRF for annotation. To verify the effectiveness of the model, experiments are carried out on the constructed network threat intelligence data set. The results show that the model significantly improves the effect of Threat Intelligence named entity recognition compared with several other classical models.
Brief Analysis for Network Security Issues in Mega-Projects Approved for Data Clusters
Authors: Lan Shizhan , Huang Jing
Published: December 2022

Network security is an important guarantee for Mega-projects approved for data clusters. It is necessary to comprehensively improve the network security awareness, monitoring, early warning, disposal and evaluation capabilities of Mega-projects approved for data clusters. It makes a comprehensive analysis on the network security issues in Mega-projects approved for data clusters from dimensions of computing facility security, network facility security, combination and scheduling security, network operation service security, data security, network situation awareness, etc. It is set up gradually evolving atomic power security capabilities for building a ubiquitous security network computing brain. It identifies data assets in an active and passive ways, sorts out data assets through in-depth scanning and information completion, supports the formation of preset templates according to AI (artificial intelligence) models, regular matching, keywords, combination rules, etc., classifies and grades data according to data sensitivity, and visually displays them in the form of charts. It forms a multi-layer architecture system that includes the collaborative scheduling of computing networks on the control side, the perception of network convergence on the data side, management and the scheduling of computing resources on the service side, realizes the interaction and supervision of the whole process, all elements and the whole industry chain of computing scheduling, has functions of security perception, monitoring, early warning, disposal and evaluation, and improves the security perception and linkage monitoring capability of cross data center and clusters. Gradually, it builds a coordinated threat handling capability.
Detecting Bitcoin Nodes by the Cyberspace Search Engines
Authors: Li Ruiguang , Zhu Jiawei , Gao Jiaqi , Wu Fudong , Xu Dawei , Zhu Liehuang
Published: December 2022

Nowadays, the cyberspace search engines have showed great power to find entities and services in the network, which provide new ideas and methods to detect the Bitcoin nodes. This paper introduces the Bitcoin’s P2P network and nodes including the reachable nodes and the unreachable nodes. Then, the results of detecting reachable nodes by the cyberspace search engines are showed. Next, the author proposes a new approach to find and verify the unreachable nodes by the cyberspace search engines. Finally, this paper illustrates the de-anonymization of some Bitcoin nodes by the cyberspace search engines, which map some node’s IP addresses to real Bitcoin entities, such as Zeblockchain (a browser website), Microwallet (a wallet website) and Laurentia Pool (a non-profit pool website).
Brown representability for triangulated categories with a linear action by a graded ring
Authors: Letz Janina C.
Published: December 2022

In this paper we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a functor to be representable in a strongly generated triangulated category which has a linear action by a graded ring, and we discuss some applications and examples.
A note on polydegree (n, 1) rational inner functions, slice matrices, and singularities
Authors: Sola Alan
Published: December 2022

We analyze certain compositions of rational inner functions in the unit polydisk$$\mathbb {D}^{d}$$Ddwith polydegree (n, 1),$$n\in \mathbb {N}^{d-1}$$n∈Nd-1, and isolated singularities in$$\mathbb {T}^d$$Td. Provided an irreducibility condition is met, such a composition is shown to be a rational inner function with singularities in precisely the same location as those of the initial function, and with quantitatively controlled properties. As an application, we answer ad-dimensional version of a question posed in Bickel et al. (Am J Math 144: 1115–1157, 2022) in the affirmative.
Flow study on a transparent two-phase blood model fluid based on alginate microspheres
Authors: Froese Vera , Gabel Grischa , Parnell Julia , Prause Albert , Lommel Michael , Kertzscher Ulrich
Published: December 2022

The reduction of blood damage is still a big challenge in blood-carrying medical devices. In vitro experiments are performed to investigate the damage-causing effects, but due to the opaqueness of blood cells, only near-wall flows can be observed. Thus, several transparent blood models to visualize the rheologic behavior of blood have been proposed and examined. Nevertheless, two-phase blood models with added particles still represent the properties of blood inadequately or are very expensive and complex to produce. In this in vitro study, the viscosity, the flow behavior and the cell deformation of human red blood cells have been compared to a novel, easy-to-produce, two-phase blood model fluid with deformable alginate microspheres. The comparison has been performed in a cone-plate rheometer, a straight and a hyperbolic converging microchannel. The viscosity of the blood model fluid with a particle fraction of 30% showed a shear-thinning behavior, comparable to that of blood at room and human body temperature within shear rates from 7 to $$2000\,\hbox {s}^{-1}$$

2000

s

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1

. The alginate microspheres were deformable in an extensional flow and formed a cell free layer comparable to that of blood in a straight microchannel. The experiments showed a good optical accessibility of the two-phase flow with traceable movements of individual microspheres in the center of the microchannel. It could be shown that our proposed blood model fluid is a promising tool for the analysis of two-phase flows in complex flow geometries.

Graphical Abstract
Grünes Regenwassermanagement – natur-basierte Lösungen und nachhaltige Landschaftsbautechniken im Vormarsch?
Authors: Pitha Ulrike , Scharf Bernhard , Wultsch Thomas , Stangl Rosemarie
Published: December 2022

Konzepte zum integrierten Regenwassermanagement mit lokaler Retention, Versickerung und Verdunstung wurden in letzter Zeit verstärkt aufgegriffen, um praktikable und entlastende Alternativen zur klassischen Entwässerung von Niederschlagswasser in die Kanalisation zu ermöglichen. Das nachhaltige grüne Regenwassermanagement geht dabei noch einen Schritt weiter, und fügt die Funktion der Speicherung und Wiederverwendung v. a. zu Bewässerungszwecken von Grünflächen sowie das Bereitstellen von Ökosystemleistungen der zum Einsatz kommenden Pflanzen (z. B. Evapotranspiration, Habitat, Biodiversität) hinzu. Dem derzeitigen Stand der Technik in Österreich wird ein Nachholbedarf bei der Aktualisierung der Regenwassermanagementsysteme mit natur- und pflanzenbasierten Alternativen zugeordnet! Daher werden bewährte und neue, auf aktuellen Forschungsergebnissen beruhende grüne Regenwassermanagementbauweisen vorgestellt, die auf den Konzepten der nachhaltigen Landschaftsbau- und Vegetationstechniken beruhen sowie den Prinzipien der Nature-based Solutions nach dem Verständnis der IUCN entsprechen. Herausforderungen bei deren Einsatz im besiedelten Raum wurden identifiziert. Dies bietet potenzielle Ansatzpunkte für weiteres, notwendiges Vorgehen, damit die grünen Regenwassermanagementlösungen zukünftig verstärkt genutzt werden und als Klimawandelanpassungsmaßnahme effizient wirken können.