bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fault Prediction in Air-Conditioning Refrigeration System by Wavelet Transform
Authors: Li Jian Jun , Wang Zhi Yi , Zheng Dong
Published: December 2012

A good deal of electricity consumption can be attributed to air-conditioning refrigeration systems. The percentage can be significantly higher if a cooling system is operating at low performance levels due to the presence of faults. The wavelet transform moves data from a time domain to a frequency domain with the wavelet as the basic function giving the localized features of the original signal in the fault detection. It is well known for its capability of treating the transient or time-related varying signals. The fault of heat load increase of the air-conditioning room can be predicted by wavelet transform through the test. Fault prediction in air-conditioning refrigeration system by wavelet transform can avoid defects of the conventional methods.
Co-Combustion Mechanism Analysis of Oil Shale Semi-Coke and Rice Straws Blends
Authors: Wang Qing , Wang Xu Dong , Liu Hong Peng , Jia Chun Xia
Published: December 2012

In this work, a series of combustion experiments for oil shale semi-coke , rice straws as well as their mixture were conducted by the thermogravimetric analyzer at different heating rates (10, 20 and 50 K/min) under atmospheric pressure. Combustion characteristic curves and combustion characteristic parameters were acquired. The results showed that the combustion process of blends can be broadly separated into three stages: combustion of the volatile matter, combustion of fixed carbon and combustion of difficult decomposition substance. The point of ignition and burnout shifted to higher temperature with increasing the heating rates. Furthermore, kinetics parameters were analyzed in the second stage. The result showed feasibility of using the reaction model to solve the kinetic parameters of biomass combustion. Finally, the obtained DTG curves were separated by Gaussian Fitting method. The result showed that the derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) curve displays an overlapping peak consisted of three sub-peaks at 645–900K under heating rate of 20K/min.
Simulation Analysis of Savonius Turbine with Self-Rotating Blades
Authors: Tang Zhi Peng , Yao Ying Xue , Zhou Liang , Wu Jin Ming , Yu Bo Wen
Published: December 2012

This paper analyzed the advantages of traditional Savonius (S-type) turbine and the reasons of its low efficiency, proposed a new type of turbine with self-rotating blades and surrounded by a rectifier, and studied the aerodynamic performance by numerical simulations. The turbine is composed of a rectifier and a rotor, the rectifier consists by straight and arc segments which can accelerate the wind speed and adjust the inflow wind angle. The self-rotating blade can reduce the impacted area acting on the leeward blade by wind and arm of the impact torque, therefore reduces the resistant torque of the blade, and the driving torque acting on the windward blade is almost the same with traditional S-type turbine, which can increase the overall driving torque. The result shows that the new turbine has the advantages as below: wide range of wind speed for effective working, high power coefficient (Cp), suitable for low wind speed aera etc. Although the flow field in S-type turbine is complex separating flow, the performance of the turbine proposed in this paper is improved and is better than traditional S-type turbine in numerical simulation which is worth for spreading.
Study of Flow Field and Filtration Efficiency in DPF
Authors: Hu Ju , Sun Ping , Zhang Min , Mei De Qing
Published: December 2012

Diesel particulate filter (DPF) is one of the most effective ways to meet with diesel particulate emission control standards. In this paper, the effects of DPF structural parameters on filtration performance of different size particles are very important. On the basis of the particulate trap model of the wall flow filter, three kinds of particulate trap mechanism, such as inter trap, interception trap and diffusion trap are discussed. The influences of inlet velocity, diameter ratio and divergence angle on the distribution uniformity of velocity and filtration efficiency are also studied. The results show that reducing inlet velocity, diameter ratio and divergence angle can improve the distribution uniformity of velocity. Decreasing inlet velocity, divergence angle and increasing filter diameter can improve filtration efficiency.
Parametric Study of Cylinder Deactivation and Valve Deactivation for Unthrottled Operation
Authors: Paimon Ahmad Solehin , Jazair Wira , Rajoo Srithar
Published: December 2012

Cylinder deactivation (CDA) as well as valve deactivation (VDA) technologies provides big potentials to decrease fuel consumption and emission at part load operation for SI engine. In real driving situation, an internal combustion engine operates in transient operation where the load and speed varies continuously. This part load operation leads the engine to have poor fuel consumption and emission due to throttle pumping losses. This paper will investigate the further potential of both induction strategy, cylinder deactivation and valve deactivation in extending the fuel economy at part load.
Effects of Hydrothermal Dewatering on Kinetics and Mechanism of Brown Coals Pyrolysis
Authors: Liu Jian Zhong , Yu Yu Jie , Gao Fu Yan , Hu Ya Xuan , Zhou Jun Hu , Cen Ke Fa
Published: December 2012

Two brown coals from China were dewatered under hydrothermal dewatering (HTD) conditions at 250–320 °C for 1 h in a 2 L autoclave. The HTD products and brown raw coals were pyrolyzed in a thermogravimetry analyzer at heat rate of 15°C/min from ambient temperature to 800°C. And the gas products were measured by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer. Besides, The Coast-Redfern model was employed to analyze the effects of HTD on kinetics during coal pyrolysis process. The results showed that the initial temperatures of each pyrolysis stage of HTD products were higher than that of raw coals. The temperatures at which methane appears during pyrolysis process increased and the total absorbance intensity of CH4 was weakened as increasing HTD temperature. Moreover, the activity energy also increased as increasing HTD temperature. It meant that thermal stability of brown coals was improved during HTD process.
Analysis of the Operation Mode and Instability on the Low-Flowrate Running of Hot-Oil Pipeline
Authors: Xiao Rong Ge , Yi Dong Rui , Yao Pei Fen , Zhou Jia Quan
Published: December 2012

Because the most of crude oil has the nature of "three-high" in China and the natural aging of crude oil in the part of oil field, the transmission of crude-oil has reduced, and the oil refining has increased in oil field, Thus the majority of pipelines laid in china are running at a low-flowrate. Analysis of the problems in the running of low-flowrate pipeline: with the temperature drops up, the viscosity increases; the accident of condensate tubes very easily occurs; the turnover point increases; the pressure load of pipeline increases; the supply of heat is shortage, the reliability of equipment is reduced; costs increases and so on. There is proposing the main operation mode to solve the pipeline in low-flowrate, including intermittent transportation, the transportation of mixing light oil, oil and gas batch transportation, the transportation with adding pour point depressant and so on, and has discussed the instability of the running of hot pipeline in the low-flowrate.
Circulating Water Resistance Characteristics of the Thermal Power Plant
Authors: Li Yong , Li Jing
Published: December 2012

The measurement method of the power plant circulating water flow was investigated. When the characteristics of the circulating water system was calculated through characteristic curve intersection, circulating water pumps were generally assumed to be in parallel and the resistance of main pipes was ignored. In addition, the circulating water flow of each unit was considered equivalent. This method was accurate only when the distance of main pipe and circulating water pump is shorter. Therefore, the hydraulic computation method combining with pipe network has been proposed with the long distance condition. This method calculates accurately the circulating water flow of each unit. This research lays the foundation for the optimum vacuum calculation of the whole plant.
The Analysis of Severe Accident Induced Steam Generator Tube Rupture and LERF Risk
Authors: Peng Chang Hong , Yang Ying Hao
Published: December 2012

This study develops a methodology to assess the probability for the degraded PWR steam generator to rupture first in the reactor coolant pressure boundary, under severe accident conditions with countercurrent natural circulating high temperature gas in the hot leg and SG tubes. The first step performs thermal-hydraulic analysis to predict the creep rupture parameter of the tubes in severe accident. The next step applies the creep rupture models to test the potential for the degraded SG to rupture before the hot leg. Then, the mean of the SG tube rupture probability was applied to estimate large early release frequency in LERF (Large and Early Release Frequency) model, and the overall LERF risk due to the Induced SGTR was calculated. In the final step, implementation of severe accident management guidance (SAMG), such as the RCS depressurization and refilling to SG, is evaluated using PSA approach. It can be found that strategy of RCS depressurization and refilling to SG can mitigate the result of induced SGTR and LERF effectively.
Key Technologies Research of Load Regulation of Central Air-Conditioning Based on the Demand Response
Authors: Ai Zhen , Li Tian Yang , Song Chen Cheng
Published: December 2012

In recent years, the rapid growth of the air conditioning load has become the most important reason of the seasonal power shortage. It has great significance to adjust the air conditioning load for changing the load curve of commercial users and realizing the power grid load shifting. In order to achieve the optimal allocation of resources and improve efficiency of using electricity that make the central air conditioning run efficiently, it needs to study the key technologies of load regulation and management of energy efficiency about the central air-conditioning.
Numerical Study on the Premixed Combustion in Porous Media Burner
Authors: Zhang Jin Yan , Liu Hong Sheng , Xu Zhen Jie
Published: December 2012

The phenomenon of combustion of a gaseous mixture in a two-dimension alumina ( ) particle packed bed porous media burner is studied by means of a numerical simulation with FLUENT software using two-step reaction mechanism. The Eddy-dissipation-concept (EDC) model, the standard model and the Discrete- Ordinates (DO) radiation model are used in this paper. It is concluded that the methane/air gas mixture with lower equivalence ratio or with faster inlet velocity, can achieve the faster wave propagates. The methane/air gas mixture with lower equivalence ratio or with faster inlet velocity, can achieve the faster wave propagates.
Study on the Technical Standards of Distributed Resources Interconnection with Gird
Authors: Chen Dong Lei , Xu Xiao Hui
Published: December 2012

This paper shows the technical standards for distributed resources interconnected with grid in China and the other countries all over the world. For USA, the technical standards about DR interconnection with grid is IEEE 1547 series of standards, which include requirements of connection, testing, monitoring, information exchange, island operation and so on for DR. In international, IEEE standards are the main technical specifications for DR, and it has IEC 61850, IEC 63547, IEC 1727 and so on. But in China, the technical standards for DR are mainly composed by enterprise standard. Comparing with the standards in other countries, the standards of DR in China are not perfect.
Study on the Interactive Service Architecture for Industrial User in Smart Power Consumption
Authors: Xu Xiao Hui , Chen Dong Lei , Wen Yang
Published: December 2012

The objective of smart power consumption system is to make the large industrial user communicate actively with electric power operator by the means of smart measurement and control. The necessity of interactions between electric power corporation and large industrial users was analyzed. Then the interactive service architecture for large industrial user in smart power consumption and the relations among parts of the architecture were studied. The functions and key technologies of the interactive service architecture were also discussed. Further, by collecting the information such as internal power consumption information, device running information, laws of production, and development tend information et al., the electric power corporation can offer personalized, diversified, facilitated and interactive services for large industrial users. And the corporation can provide necessary information support for electric grid dispatching, power distribution planning, electric energy quality, line loss and power supply reliability.
A Novel Detecting Algorithm for Harmonics and Reactive Currents under Unbalanced and Non-Sinusoidal Source Voltages
Authors: Lv Xiao Qin , Zhang Chun Jun , Zhang Xiu Feng
Published: December 2012

Harmonics and reactive currents detected in precision is the key whether active power filters work well. Methods on detecting affect compensation currents and detecting precision. A novel harmonics and reactive currents detecting algorithm in three phase circuit is proposed. It extracts positive fundamentals of source voltages and load currents using three-phase sinusoid and cosine signals with arbitrary phase, and then detects harmonics, reactive and negative currents by accurately separating positive fundamental active component from load currents. Whether waveforms of voltages are non-sinusoidal or unbalanced, the results can not be affected. Furthermore, it is without phase lock loop. Finally, it is proved to be precision and feasibility from simulation.
A Survey on Detecting Methods for Harmonic of Power System
Authors: Zhou Xue Song , Chen Guang Zhu , Ma You Jie
Published: December 2012

This paper describes Detecting Methods for Harmonics of power system has been considered one of the serious harms for power system. The research of harmonics has obtained high attention among people. The researches of harmonics detection have many methods, such as Based on Fryze theory of harmonic power detection, Instantaneous reactive power theory detection method, Fourier Transformation harmonic detection method, wavelet transform detection method, neural networks harmonic detection method etc. Aiming at harmonic detection, the different detection methods of power system harmonics are summarized and compared. This paper reviews the existing harmonic detection methods, and discuss their advantages and disadvantages in terms of detection accuracy and response speed, and finally summarizes the development trend of the harmonic detection method.
Implement and Development of the Principle on Voltage Quality Control in 110kV-Substation
Authors: Chen Pei Ran , Feng Zhen , Zhang Zhi Ping
Published: December 2012

This paper addresses the research on the Voltage Quality Control (VQC) for the 110kV-substation. The VQC with ‘Nine District-Circuit Diagram’ strategy utilizes two parameters, voltage and reactive power, to realize the integrated control of the high-voltage-side reactive power and the low-voltage-side target voltage of the transformer. A practical example analysis is involved and its computing results show that it is essential to control the busbar voltage within the operational range, while keeping the reactive power in the operational range as far as possible.
A Negative Sequence Directional Element for High-Voltage Line Protections
Authors: Zeng Xiao Hui , Song Hong , Tao Si Yan
Published: December 2012

In high-voltage lines protections, directional elements based on negative sequence voltages available can not work well when negative voltages protection equipments capture are relatively low, which may lead to malfunctions or failure to actuate. A new directional element based on negative sequence reactance is presented in this paper. The negative sequence reactance is negative and then it is less than the line negative sequence reactance when a forward fault occurs. And when a reverse fault occurs, the negative sequence reactance is greater than the line negative sequence reactance. Hence, which direction a fault occurs can be distinguished according to the sign and the magnitude of the reactance. The direction element based on the negative sequence reactance has high sensitivity with no influence by transition resistances. The directional element proposed can work well when the negative sequence voltage is very low or even close to be zero and it is easy to realize.
Design of Technical Support System for Dispatching and Control Integration in Adaptation to Integrated Operation System
Authors: Sun Ming Yang , Zhuang Wei Jin , Zhang Yong Gang
Published: December 2012

This paper analyzes the necessity of constructing integrated operation system as well as the current situation and development goal of substation operation management, it proposes the design of technical support system for dispatching and control integration that adapts to integrated operation system, it demonstrates the support system’s structure, basic technical requirements and key technologies and introduces practical applications of integrated dispatching and control system, providing a reference for the construction of integrated operation system.
Study on a Uniform Algorithm for Single-Phase and Three-Phase Load Flow Calculation
Authors: Song Li Jun , Peng Qian , Liu Xiao , Chen Wu Hui
Published: December 2012

This paper presents a uniform algorithm for single-phase and three-phase load flow calculation. Firstly, two iterative equations with static factors are studied for single-phase power flow calculation based on Gauss power flow algorithm. One is used for all PQ nodes iteration similar to the traditional Gauss power flow algorithm, and the other one is exploited for all PV nodes and the slack node, which is a new algorithm studied in this paper. Then, the three-phase power flow iterative equations are studied. Virtual generator nodes are generated so that it is enough to built equations to solve the unknown parameters and each equation has a unique solution. Two iterative equations are studied for three-phase power flow calculation based on the single-phase formulation studied in this paper. The calculation result shows that the algorithm has the advantage of fast calculation speed, reliable convergence and powerful applicability. It has been shown that the algorithm is suitable for online calculation of single-phase and three-phase power system.
Based on the Combined Rule Power Alarm Information Intelligent Analysis Algorithm
Authors: He Ping , Zhu Zhi Jie , Jiang Hong Cheng
Published: December 2012

In a centralized control center SCADA system, thousands of real-time data are sent to SCADA, including real-time signal, telemetering and alarm information. The intelligent analysis and processing of alarm signals is an important requirement. This article from the design point of intelligent alarm rules, explore an internal reasoning knowledge base and the external definition of rules combined design algorithm. Practical application results show that, the algorithm to power a variety of abnormal and fault has better capture and analysis ability.
Comprehensive Evaluation Research on Grid-Connected Wind Power Based on Fuzzy Interval Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Wang Zhi Dong , Li Ke , Liu Zi Fa
Published: December 2012

The characteristics of wind power such as wave properties, intermittence, seasonal nature, counter regulation and so on have negative effect on power grid; grid-connected wind power on a scale is limited. To aim at the problem that there lacks quantification evaluation method on grid-connected wind power, an comprehensive evaluation index system concerning safety, adequacy, power quality and economy on the power grid which wind power is accepted. By using current advanced fuzzy interval analytic hierarchy process (FIAHP) , analyzing index such as static stability reserve coefficient, peak margin and transmission reliability margin and so on, coming up with the potential risk, thus on the condition of system safety and steady operation, penetrating power can be maximization, utilization rate improved. At last, analysis of the example proves that the evaluation index system and evaluation method is scientific and feasible.
Study on Physical Property Lower Limit of Effective Reservoir of Deep Layer in Qingshui-Yuanyang Area
Authors: Cong Lin , Ma Shi Zhong , Li Wen Long , Cong Yan
Published: December 2012

Synthetically using the empirical statistic method, porosity—permeability intersection method minimum flow pore throat radius method and oil test method. We can seek for the physical property lower limit of different depth of deep reservoirs of Yuan Yang Gou. According to liner regression, we achieved the functional equation which shows functional relationship between physical property lower limit and depth. At the same time, we also talk about the characteristics of different methods and the control factors of physical property lower limit The results show that although the methods have advantages and disadvantages, we should use these methods in a synthetically way. However, the porosity lower limit of the study area mainly is controlled by reservoirs which is based on primary pore and mainly affected by the depth, it also presents a good liner relationship with the logarithm of depth of burial .Permeability lower limit is mainly affected by reservoirs that is based on secondary pore Permeability lower limit shows a exponential relationship with depth of burial too, but its relative relevance is bad.
Comparative Study on the Cyclic Corrosion Test of Rail Steel U68CuCr and U75V
Authors: Ren An Chao , Zhou Huan , Zhu Min , Yuan Ze Xi
Published: December 2012

A further investigation into the determination of corrosion resistance behavior has been carried out through a series of cyclic corrosion tests in order to comparatively study the corrosion rates of rail steel U68CuCr and U75V under different cycle conditions. The results indicate that U68CuCr possesses better corrosion resistance than U75V. According to macroscopic view, colors of U68CuCr surfaces are all lighter than those of U75V in the same group. Moreover, the grains at the rust layer of U68CuCr specimens show much finer and denser microstructure than U75V. Besides, cracks on the rust layer of U75V specimens are found.
"Floater" Material Stability Calculation and Mould Power Optimization Analysis of 409l Stainless Steel
Authors: Zhang Cai Jun , Wu Hao , Zhu Li Guang , Gao Ai Min
Published: December 2012

For Containing Titanium Stainless Steel, in Liquid Steel the Existence of the Element such as Ti, N, O Are Easily Generating High Melting Point Compounds Tin, Tio2, Etc. the Compounds Easily Deteriorate Slag. the Relationship of Tin between Solubility Product and Temperature in 409 Stainless Steel Is lg([%Ti][%N])=4.6-17036.9/T . the Relationship of Tio2 between Solubility Product and Temperature in 409 Stainless Steel Is lg([%Ti][(%O)2])=11.6-35728/T .The Relationship of Al2O3 between Solubility Product and Temperature in 409 Stainless Steel Is lg（[%Al]2[%O]3）=20.2-62787.9/T .Protective Slag Contains Compounds of B2O3 Mno and Fe2O3 Can Solve the Problem of “floater”.
An Energy Efficiency Assessment Method Based on Grey Correlation Degree Analysis for Transport Airports
Authors: Chen Jing Jie , Qian Shu Jie
Published: December 2012

Energy consumption for today's transport airports is a complex system by a number of factors, and the research on energy efficiency assessment methods for transport airports is still in the initial stage at present. Energy efficiency evaluation index system for transport airports has been established. Analytic Hierarchy Process and Grey Correlation Analysis is applied to make a comprehensive evaluation to the energy consumption of transport airports. As a result, the potential for sustainable development of the airports has been dig out and some viable energy-saving measures has been found out.
Theory Research on Desalination of Brackish Water Using Gas Hydrate Method
Authors: Wang Lin Jun , Zhang Xue Min , Li Hong Hui , Shao Lei , Zhang Dong , Jiao Liang
Published: December 2012

In allusion to some methods on desalination of brackish water such as distillation, electrodialysis method and reverse osmosis, this paper introduced the mechanism, advantages and disadvantages of these methods. It is convinced that these methods have higher energy consumption. Temperature is much lower annually in alpine region of China, it provides a good condition for hydrate formation. It also provides the possibility for the desalinating process of brackish water using hydrate methods in alpine region. This paper proposed a new method of desalinating brackish water. Based on the model of van der Waals-Platteeuw, we calculated the phase equilibrium conditions of methane, ethane and propane hydrate in NaCl solution combined parameter equation which was used to calculate the Langmuir constant presented by DU Ya and GUO Tian-min and Pitzer equation used to water activity in the system of electrolyte solution. The result shows that it is possible to desalinate brackish water using environment cold quantity. It also shows that propane is more suitable for brackish water desalination among methane, ethane and propane. It is very significantly important to seek energy-saving and environment-friendly methods for the process of desalinating brackish water with energy shortage increasingly intensifying and with awareness of human being enthancing on energy conservation and emission reduction.
Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions of Urban Industry and Building and Transportation in China
Authors: Xu An , Xiao Zhi Xing
Published: December 2012

Using energy balance sheets of the energy statistics yearbook of nation and provinces in China, we estimate energy consumption and carbon emissions of urban industry and building and transportation in China. first of all, the energy consumption and carbon emissions of industry are main body of total the energy consumption and carbon emissions; Secondly, the energy consumption and carbon emissions of transportation grows fastest with huge potential. As shown in panel estimation of 30 provinces’ data in China, urban industry and building and transportation have positive effect on carbon emissions, industry the biggest, and building and transportation also significant.
Planning and Design of Highway Landscape Based on Spiral Model Structure
Authors: Huang Xi Zhou , Zhan Ting
Published: December 2012

The highway landscape planning is positioned to be a dynamic programming. The highway landscape planning and design process which based on its framework of spiral model has been established. It changed the traditional landscape evaluation method with the help of the method of multi-perspective and animation. The dynamics and intuition of this traditional method are poor, can’t simulate the actual results realistically, and it is troublesome to adjust the dynamic the traditional method of dynamic and intuitive way is poorer, not a real simulation of the actual effect, and the dynamic adjustment is more troublesome. This is the first paper to use CARD_1 software applications to landscape planning and design scheme of visual simulation, this way can directly call the base data in CAD, and it is convenience for engineering and technical personnel to analyze and use.
Research on the Management of Tourism Carrying Capacity in Tianjin Binhai Tourism Area
Authors: He Jian Ying
Published: December 2012

Traditional researches on tourism carrying capacity usually concentrate on a maximum number of visitors which tourism development should not exceed. This approach to the management of tourism carrying capacity has met with limited success in practice. Taking Tianjin Binhai Tourism Area for example, this thesis explores the practical application of the theory of tourism carrying capacity. Firstly this thesis introduces the main theory of tourism carrying capacity, and analyzes the status quo of Binhai Tourism Area. Then based on in-depth interviews and content analysis, this thesis explores the main impact factors of the management of tourism carrying capacity. Finally, the author puts forward the tactics of the sustainable development of Binhai Tourism Area. This research attempts to make a breakthrough from a more application-oriented perspective, in the hope that some operable ideas might be utilized in practice.
Research on Energy Saving Design of Urban Planning under Climatic Environment Influence
Authors: Zhang Hui , Yu Zhuang
Published: December 2012

City climate, as one of the important component of city environment, plays an important role in affecting city space environment and urban planning. Taking the city Wu Han as a case, this paper introduces how to apply the CFD simulation of the digital model of metropolis to thermal environment study. Based on the phenomena of the thermal environment, tropical island effect and analysis, effective simulation results and the appropriate measures are given. Based on the analysis, some technical measures were discussed, such as city distribution, space shape and open space. According to the proof analysis, these measures are effective methods to improve the thermal environment of metropolis, and it is helpful to deal with the climate adaptability problems and energy saving design of the city.
The Sustainability Evaluation of Weifang Urban Area
Authors: Wang Lin , Wang Ya Na
Published: December 2012

The analytical Hierarchy Process is a very popular method to evaluate the urban sustainable development. Therefore, this method is employed to evaluate the sustainability of urban area of Weifang, Shandong Province. According to the structure of the urban system and the establishing principles of index system in the sustainable development, the index system in the urban evaluation of the sustainable development in Weifang is established. After calculating index weight by The Analytical Hierarchy Process and the index score, the urban sustainable development index is calculated. Then the ability of the sustainable development is analyzed, and the corresponding Suggestions and countermeasures are offered in how to make the strategy and target of the sustainable development in Weifang. The results show that, Weifang sustainable development index is continuously rising in the last few years: from 0.28 in 2006 to 0.54 in 2010. According to the index, the sustainability of urban area is improved significantly for some environmental infrastructure being operated in recent years.
The Appraisal of Low-Carbon Development to Cities along the Yangtze River
Authors: Song Wei Xuan
Published: December 2012

The 28 cities in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River can be regarded as an epitome of the cities in eastern, central and western China. Therefore, the low-carbon development level of the cities along the Yangtze River objectively reflects the overall development degree and regional difference of Chinese low-carbon cities. On the basis of analyzing and understanding the connotation of low-carbon cities, this thesis sets up the appraisal index system of low-carbon cities, puts forward the concept of low-carbon index, and conducts a cluster analysis and appraisal to the low-carbon indexes of 28 cities along the Yangtze River through a spatio-temporal path.
The Western Urbanization under the Constraints of Restricted Development Zone in China
Authors: Liu Wei , Dai Xin Ling
Published: December 2012

The eleventh five-year plan for national economic and social development of China identified fours types of development priority zones. The twelfth five-year plan continues to emphasize the development priority zones strategy. This paper discusses the western urbanization in China in the background of four types of development priority zones. Through the interpretation of the restricted development zone, this paper analyzes the practical conditions and path selections for the western urbanization, concluding that the best path for the western urbanization will be the ecological economic urbanization under the constraints of restricted development priority zone’s policies.
Radioactive Waste Minimization for Nuclear Power Sustainable Development in China
Authors: Jiang Zi Ying
Published: December 2012

Radioactive waste minimization is one of the fundamental principles of radioactive waste management, which would reduce the waste volume and activity to the level as low as reasonably achievable. The significance and options of waste minimization methods are reviewed. The nuclear power development and radioactive waste generated in China are summarized. The measures and its function to minimize radioactive wastes and experiences of nuclear power plants (NPPs) in China are analyzed. After Fukushima nuclear accident, China insists on the safety-first principle, reviews its nuclear power development speed. Implementation of waste minimization strategy is an effective and important approach for nuclear power sustainable development.
Probe into the Improvement of Distributed Energy Policies and Regulations in China
Authors: Li Yun Feng , Yuan Sheng Yun Le , Lu Gang , Chen Wen
Published: December 2012

The distributed energy policies and regulations in China have been lagged for a long time, which is seriously blocking further development of distributed energy. The current rule-system has such problems as follows: firstly it lacks a systematically-planed strategies and development blue print, secondly the current rules are all just ideal principles without practical solutions, thirdly the positive preferential policies are absent, and finally the unified standard for the electric power integration is needed. There are four principles be obeyed to improve the rule-system: consideration of everything, balancing of everything, systematic management and consistency with science. Basing on these principles, we should establish a systematic plan, a perfect integration mechanism, a price mechanism and series of stable incentive policies for distributed energy in order to reach the goal.
Study on Ecological Environment Protection and Sustainable Development Strategy in Characteristic Rural Areas
Authors: Feng Bing , Hu Ming Hui
Published: December 2012

Many ecological environment problems appeared in Chinese characteristic rural areas, such as living environment pollution, arable land area decrease, declining social fertility and rural industrial pollution. Based upon the analysis and induction of these problems, this article puts forward relative strategies on ecological environment protection and sustainable development, including constructing regional ecological landscape structure, promoting ecological agriculture, improving the rural infrastructure, developing the rural tourism, strengthening rural enterprises management, improving rural dwellers environmental awareness level and so on. Furthermore, it conducts a purposive study on Longji area in Guangxi Province.
The Scenario Analysis of Carbon Emissions Based on Improved IPAT Model in China
Authors: Shan Xu , Shao Hua Wang
Published: December 2012

The coordination development of economy-energy-environment was discussed with traditional environmental loads model, combined with "decoupling" theory. Considering the possibilities of social and economic development, this paper set out three scenarios, and analyzed quantitatively the indexes, which affected carbon dioxide emissions, including population, per capita GDP, industrial structure and energy structure. Based on this, it forecasted carbon dioxide emissions in China in future. By comparing the prediction results, it held that policy scenario was the more realistic scenario, what’s more it can achieve emission reduction targets with the premise of meeting the social and economic development goals. At last, it put forward suggestions to implement successfully policy scenario, from energy structure, industrial structure, low-carbon technology and so on.
Global Climate Change and International Countermeasures
Authors: Hu Juan Juan , He Yu Long , Li Li Li
Published: December 2012

Climate change is a world-wide problem. The paper analyzed the global climate change characteristics, and put forward that the most important reason in recent years is human activities through many analysis. Then introduced the international negotiations of climate change and summarizes the international experiences that china can learn from.
Variations of Temperature in Hefei City in Recent 50 Years
Authors: Xu Guo Wei , Yuan Xin Tian , Huang Shu Ling , Gao Yang
Published: December 2012

Selecting 50 years temperature observation data from1959 to 2008 and using statistical analysis, this paper revealed the characteristics of temperature variation in Hefei city. The results show that in past 50 years, the annual average temperature in Hefei city greatly increased, tendency rate of temperature change was 0.246°C/10 a, especially after 1993, the temperature increased significantly; the temperature in four seasons all increased somewhat, warming was most prominent in spring. The most significant temperature increase was in spring, winter following behind, temperature increase in autumn was not obvious, and the average summer temperature increased the most unobvious.
Comparative Study on BRIC Carbon Dioxide Emissions - Econometric Empirical Test Based on Cross-Century Time Series Data
Authors: Du Wei Hua
Published: December 2012

Take for example the BRIC economies: Brazil, Russia, India and China. We investigated the time series data on the relationship between carbon dioxide emission and economic growth in these fast-growing developing countries by both comparative statics and comparative dynamics. The results show that there is the monotonic relationship between total carbon dioxide emissions, carbon dioxide emissions per capita and per capita GDP in any one of the BRIC countries. And there is decreasing relationship between the carbon dioxide emissions per unit GDP and per capita GDP.
Shear Rheological Properties of Sericite-Greisen Phyllite
Authors: Ren Guang Ming , Duan Xue Qin , Jia Xin Yuan
Published: December 2012

Creep and aging behavior, the inherent mechanical properties of rocks, are important evidences for analysis of geological structure and prediction of long term stability of rock mass. In this study, laboratory tests are carried out to investigate the shear creep occurring along the schistosities of sericite-greisen phyllite, and a rheological constitutive model of phyllite is established subsequently. On this basis, a fitting analysis of the test data using Burgers model is made, thus providing a reference for rheological calculation of rock mass of this type
Shellfish Aquaculture Management of Jiaozhou Bay, Yellow Sea Coast of China - An Ecological-Economic Modeling Approach
Authors: Yu Ning , Wang Mao Jian , Lu Zhen Bo , Li Fan , Zhang Ming Liang
Published: December 2012

In order to better manage shellfish aquaculture, a fifty-year variability in shellfish production in Jiaozhou Bay was quantitatively simulated with the Modeling Approach to Resource economics decision-maKing in EcoaquaculTure (MARKET) which is a scenario-testing tool linking economic and ecological analyses. Four scenarios were defined to assess the model sensitivity to per capita income growth rate, price growth rate and maximum cultivation area. Results indicate that the MARKET model follows the expected trends regarding the economic theory. And the shellfish supply is limited by the maximum cultivation area in the long run. However, a lower demand does not imply a corresponding decrease in net profit. Although price growth can make up for a partial loss caused by the reduction of available cultivation area, the compensatory measure cannot guarantee the increasing net profits of farmers in the long term. The information provides important implications for aquaculture management in the context of resource decline.
Emergy Analysis of Sustainability of Agricultural Ecosystem in Fuyang City
Authors: Xu Guo Wei , Yuan Xin Tian , Huang Shu Ling , Gao Yang
Published: December 2012

A quantitative analysis of input-output status and sustainable development status of agro-ecosystem in Fuyang City was conducted by using the method of ecological emergy analysis in this paper. The results showed that the ESI of agro-ecosystem in Fuyang city was 5.31 in 2010, comparing with its neighboring provinces and cities, the sustainable development ability of agricultural ecology of Fuyang City was in a middle level.
Preparation of Bismuth-Lanthanum Composite Oxide and its Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Tang Ting , Deng Hong Quan , Jiang Qi Ying , Huo Ji Chuan , Hu Shun Hua
Published: December 2012

Bi-La composite oxide was prepared by thermal decomposition of molecular precursor of BiLa(dtpa)(NO3)•3.5H2O (dtpa=Diethylene triaminepentaacetic). The effect of calcinated temperature on structure was discussed by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic performance of samples prepared was discussed through the degradation of methyl orange. The results show that Bi-La composite oxide prepared at 500°C exhibits the best photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methyl orange (20mg/L) and the optimum amount of photocatalyst is 1.0 g/L.
The Morphology, Structure and Electrical Properties of Polypyrrole Nanofibers via Electrospinning
Authors: Zhao Lei , Zhang Xing Xiang , Wang Ning
Published: December 2012

One-dimensional nanostructured polypyrrole (PPy) nanofibers were electrospun using a solution of PPy/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA); and PVA was used as the carrier in order to improve processability of PPy. In order to improve the performance of nanofibers, PPy were chemically synthesized by using different dopants, such as toluene sulfonate (TSNa), dodecyl-benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt (DBSNa), dodecyl sulfonic acid sodium salt (DSNa) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium salt (DEHS). The morphology, structure and electrical conductivity of the fabricated nanofibers was investigated using SEM, FTIR and four-probe method, respectively. The results show that the diameters of doped PPy/PVA nanofibers are in the range of 50-190 nm. The electrical conductivity of the obtained doped PPy/PVA nanofibers was about 161-222 S/cm. DEHS doped PPy can not only make the obtained PPy be soluble in some organic solvents, but also improve the electrical conductivity of nanofibers when it is compared with that of TSNa, DSNa, DBSNa as dopants.
Regeneration of Granular Activated Carbon Using Dual-Frequency Ultrasound
Authors: Lu Jiong Yuan , Wang San Fan , Zhu Jin Feng
Published: December 2012

The saturate granular activated carbon(GAC) which adsorbed Ni2+ is regenerated using dual-frequency ultrasound. The individual frequency is 45KHz, 80KHz and 100KHz respectively. The experimental results show that the regeneration efficiency using dual-frequency ultrasound is better than that using single- frequency ultrasound under the same experimental condition. When the two ultrasound’s frequency is 45KHz, the regeneration efficiency is 81.03%, comparing single- frequency ultrasound it increase by 40% and it is the best in six group dual-frequency ultrasound. In conclusion, the dual-frequency ultrasound regeneration showed a possibility as an alternative to chemical and thermal regeneration of GAC.
Preparation and Wear Properties of (Al3Zr+ZrB2)P/2124 Composites Material with In Situ Process
Authors: Jiao Lei , Zhao Yu Tao , Zhang Zhong Zhong , Yang Yan Wei , Zhang Ming Rui
Published: December 2012

With pulse magnetic field, it is use 2124-K2ZrF6-KBF4 as matrix metal to produce chemical reaction to gain (Al3Zr+ZrB2) p/2124 composite materials in this paper. In this paper, For the sake of researching the microstructure, the morphology, the size and the matrix distribution characteristics of the reinforced grain of prepared composite material , those test methods are used, such as optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction analysis and so on. We will research the magnetic field strength how to influence size and distribution of Al3Zr +ZrB2 particle and the abrasion performance of (Al3Zr+ZrB2)P/2124 composite materials in the room temperature. Wear experiment is proceeding in the CETR UMT 3-V the testing machine and sliding friction is friction way with pin-disc but without lubricant, then analyzes the wear mechanism.
Finite Element Analysis of the Cylinder Liner of a 280 Diesel Engine
Authors: Li Ming Hai , Dong Ding Ding
Published: December 2012

The Cylinder liner is one of the key components of diesel engine. Combustion chamber set is constituted by Piston, Cylinder head, Cylinder liner and other parts. Its structure and working environment is complex. Received the gas pressure, friction force from high-speed reciprocating motion of the piston and lateral force of the piston, it results in mechanical stress and mechanical deformation. High temperature combustion and high pressure gas make the piston temperature distribution uneven, which results in piston thermal stress and thermal deformation. Therefore, the element analysis of Cylinder liner in the heat load and mechanical load is significant, the finite element analysis shows the deformation and the stress distribution of the Cylinder liner. It is meaningful for improving Cylinder liner design and reliability.
Research on Variation Law of Void Ratio of ARAC-13
Authors: Li Kun , Huang Xin , Jiang Chang Shan
Published: December 2012

Comparing with RAC-G, ARAC has a much better performance on resist fatigue cracks and reflective cracks which is more suitable to semi-rigid basement structure in China. In this paper, through Marshall tests, large number of tests were carried out, study focused on effects of grades changes on voids of ARAC-13 mixture. It is found that, in order to ensure that ARAC void ratios in the 3% to 6% range, asphalt-aggregate ratio should be controlled at 8.5% ~ 9.5%, by adjusting the relative content of the coarse aggregate (4.75mm-9.5mm) and aggregate ≤ 2.36mm, content of 9.5mm ~ 13.2mm coarse aggregate increases each 7%, the void of mixture reduces by 1%,; With the reduction of 4.75mm and upwards coarse aggregate, the void of mixture presents a law of diminishing; finally, the content of 2.36mm aggregate should below 8.3%, and the mineral powder should be strictly controlled fewer than 1%.
Research on Application of Supported Vector Machine to Creep-Fatigue Lifetime Prediction of P91 Steel
Authors: Ji Dong Mei
Published: December 2012

Creep-fatigue tests were carried out to study creep-fatigue property of P91 steel in many references. There are two kinds of loading control methods. One is controlled by stress, and the other is controlled by strain. In this study the creep-fatigue test data loading controlled by stress are summarized. Based on these data Supported Vector Machine(SVM) method is used to build up the models to predict the creep-fatigue lifetime of P91 steel. The results show SVM method can be used to predict the creep-fatigue life of P91 steel, and the value of insensitive factor is very important. When the value of insensitive factor is small and the training error of the model is small too, but the prediction ability decreases. On the contrary when insensitive factor is increased, the training error will become large, and the prediction ability will increase. So during the training, mean square error should not be regarded as the unique goal function.