bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF FEMORAL SHAFT FRACTURES IN POLYTRAUMATIZED PATIENTS
Authors:   Medical student at the University Iguaçu - UNIG, Itaperuna, RJ, Brazil, Marques Melissa Alves Aires , de Oliveira Bianca Gabriella ,   Medical student at the University Salvador - UNIFACS, Salvador, BA, Brazil, Oliveira Ábila Dutra ,   Resident Doctor Ortopedia E Traumatologia Do Hospital Santa Casa De Misericórdia De Vitória, Es, Brazil, Bastos Tinoco Ana Teresa ,   Medical Student at The University Iguaçu - Unig, Itaperuna, Rj, Brazil, Damas Kleina Da Silva ,   Medical Student at The University Iguaçu - Unig, Itaperuna, Rj, Brazil, Camacho Laís Ferreira ,   Medical Student at The University Iguaçu - Unig, Itaperuna, Rj, Brazil, Piñeiro Nery Lívia ,   Medical Student at The University Salvador - Unifacs, Salvador, Ba, Brazil, Gonçalves Matheus Velasco Brito ,   Medical Student at The University Iguaçu - Unig, Itaperuna, Rj, Brazil
Published: November 2023

Fractures of the femur are common, usually serious and are the result of high-energyaccidents. They can be associated with involvement of other organs, causing deformities and sequelae for the patient, due to immediate or late complications. Anatomical reduction and stable internal fixation are essential in order to achieve the treatment objectives in patients with good bone quality. Treatment is eminently surgical as it allows early rehabilitation and reduces the risk of systemic complications. There are numerous therapeutic options, but osteosynthesis with an intramedullary plate and nail stands out. However, some factors influence the choice of the type of surgical intervention to be performed, such as hospital resources, availability of suitable material for the procedure, trained staff and availability of an image intensifier.
KARNALI APPROACH: ROLE OF WATER AND SANITATION GOVERNANCE
Authors:   Ph.D. Scholar From RKDF University, India, Aidee Narbir
Published: November 2023

The abstract presents recommendations that aim to foster development, equality, and inclusivity in the water and sanitation sectors, building upon existing policies and laws. Implementing these recommendations will contribute to equitable access, social justice, and sustainable development in the sector. Key recommendations include integrating various dimensions into water and sanitation development, enforcing the Constitution of Nepal 2015 for equal rights and social justice, adopting inclusive and participatory approaches outlined in the Local Governance Operation Act 2017, incorporating the Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Operational Guidelines 2017 into WASH programs, aligning the Nepal WASH Sector Development Plan with the SDGs, and effectively implementing the Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Act 2079 and the WASH Act of municipalities to ensure citizens' rights and prioritize equity and inclusivity. The KARNALI approach recommends, emphasizing stakeholder involvement, community empowerment, and sustainability for effective water and sanitation governance, including needs assessment, resource utilization, knowledge sharing, barrier removal, and innovation.
Estimation of an ARDL (m, p, q, r, s) Model to Determine the Long-run Effects of World Income, Relative Price, Real Exchange Rate and Employment on Export Demand for the Garment Sector of Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md. Sharif
Published: November 2023

In this paper, an ARDL (m p, q, r, s, s) log-linear export demand function is estimated to find the long-run impacts of world income, relative price, real exchange rate, and employment on exports of the garment sector of Bangladesh using modern econometric techniques based on time series data from 1979-2020. Long-run significant relationships among exports, relative price, real exchange rate, world income and employment are found. The VEC model's estimated results indicate short-run bidirectional causalities between different pairs of variables. The long-run causalities are found while exports and employment are the endogenous variables. The estimated results indicate that both long-run and short-run exports are influenced positively and significantly by world income. Relative price, real exchange rate and employment carry negative signs for both long-run and short-run in which the effects of relative price and real exchange rate are statistically significant in the long run which implies that a 1% decrease in relative price, exports will increase by 1.256%. It is found that the coefficient of ECM(-1) is -0.9705 which is statistically significant at any significance level, suggesting that when the export value is above its equilibrium level, it will adjust about 97.05% within the first year. The full convergence process to reach the equilibrium level takes more than a year. Thus, this study will help the economists, policymakers and stakeholders of the garment sector of Bangladesh to predict the dynamics of export demand due to changes in world income level, relative price, real exchange rate and employment.
Les discours et les présupposés des nouveaux acteurs de l’orientation. La définition de l’orientation et des finalités de l’école en question
Authors: Lehoux Erwan
Published: November 2023

L’orientation est désormais considérée non plus comme la seule sélection et affectation des élèves sur la base de leurs résultats mais comme un processus, progressif, de construction d’un projet personnel. Depuis une dizaine d’années, outre les coachs scolaires, la présence d’acteurs étrangers à l’école, intervenant en son sein ou en dehors, à titre marchand ou non, afin d’aider les élèves dans la construction de ce projet, s’est développée. Malgré leur hétérogénéité, en termes de statut comme sur le plan des actions qu’ils mettent en œuvre, ces acteurs partagent un certain nombre de caractéristiques – leur proximité avec le monde de l’entreprise, un rapport ambigu à l’école et, surtout, une conception de l’orientation reposant sur des présupposés communs – que cet article propose d’interroger à partir d’une analyse des discours dont ils sont porteurs.
Pratiques et logiques de parents face à l’impératif d’investissement scolaire : l’exemple d’une association d’éducation populaire parisienne
Authors: Grasperge Aline
Published: November 2023

La recherche dont il est question dans cet article est issue d’un travail de thèse en cours s’inscrivant dans la thématique de la coéducation. Dans un contexte socioéducatif toujours plus territorialisé, au sein duquel l’ensemble des acteurs est invité à agir de concert en vue de la réussite éducative et sociale des enfants et des jeunes, ce travail participe d’une meilleure compréhension des actions et logiques de parents issus de milieux populaires dans l’accompagnement et le suivi scolaire, face à la demande croissante d’investissement parental. L’enquête se déroule en immersion dans une association d’éducation populaire du 20e arrondissement de Paris, partie prenante d’un contrat local d’accompagnement à la scolarité (CLAS). Cet article propose une analyse d’une quarantaine d’entretiens compréhensifs réalisés auprès de parents sollicitant la structure dans le cadre du dispositif « d’accompagnement à la scolarité », complétés par des matériaux issus d’observations participantes menées sur le terrain de l’association.
Dispositif d’accompagnement en réalité virtuelle pour adultes autistes dyscommunicants
Authors: Lacôte-Coquereau Cécile
Published: November 2023

Malgré les injonctions institutionnelles, les personnes handicapées demeurent peu engagées dans des processus inclusifs au cœur de la cité. Ainsi, comment faciliter l’évolution du contexte de vie de jeunes adultes autistes résidant en institution, vers un habitat inclusif partagé en milieu urbain ? Il s’agit d’un enjeu sociétal et éthique de pleine participation citoyenne. Nous présentons ici un dispositif spécifique d’accompagnement, en recherche collaborative, en appui sur des systèmes innovants de réalité virtuelle, visant le développement d’interactions, de l’autonomie et du pouvoir d’agir de personnes autistes dyscommunicantes. En effet, si la littérature montre que les outils numériques peuvent favoriser la disponibilité cognitive et stimuler l’engagement d’individus autistes, comment permettre leur participation effective et étayer leurs apprentissages via des capsules de réalité virtuelle ? Les résultats, en preuves anthropologiques, s’inscrivent dans le cadre de la théorie de l’activité.
Les nuits révolutionnaires
Authors: Bothereau Benjamin
Published: November 2023

La nuit est un cadre spatio-temporel à la croisée de communautés d’intérêts – citadines, policières, et politiques – aux usages parfois contradictoires. Entre obsession du contrôle policier, soif de liberté, réinvestissement de la ville, quel(s) imaginaire(s) la nuit peut-elle porter ? Notre attention se porte sur les pratiques matérielles et symboliques des nuits de révoltes populaires barcelonaises de l’avalot de les quintes de l’été 1773 et parisiennes de l’été 1789. Quelles sont les temporalités et rationalités propres à l’administration policière (ou militaire), et aux communautés locales lors des nuits révolutionnaires ? Qu’il s’agisse de brûler une lanterne à l’heure du couvre-feu sur la plaza del rei barcelonaise ou de « lanterner » de nuit un représentant de l’Ancien Régime à la place de Grève parisienne, nous montrons que ces pratiques sont non seulement des résistances au dispositif de contrôle des autorités centrales et à son monopole de la lumière, mais aussi (et surtout) des détournements de l’imaginaire de la nuit et une réappropriation de sa temporalité.
« La nuit, les colleurs se tapent l’affiche »
Authors: Muller Bryan
Published: November 2023

De nos jours, les partis politiques et les syndicats communiquent avant tout de jour, afin de se faire entendre du plus grand nombre. Il n’en a pas toujours été ainsi. En pleine Guerre froide, les militants devaient bien souvent agir la nuit pour promouvoir et défendre leurs idées – quitte à s’exposer physiquement à des représailles de leurs adversaires. La communication politique après-guerre privilégiait bien souvent les meetings nocturnes (non-)contradictoires, parfois émaillés d’incidents. Ce n’est que progressivement avec la technicisation de la communication et la mise à distance des corps que la violence physique va reculer pour perdurer dans les marges politiques. Profondément liés à des organisations politiques, les syndicats répondaient en partie au même schéma, bien que le déclin de la violence physique nocturne se soit enclenché plus rapidement au profit d’une violence diurne maîtrisée. Cet article contribue à l’étude de l’évolution de la violence militante politique et (dans une moindre mesure) syndicale en France entre 1947 et 1991, en s’appuyant sur l’exemple des droites et des extrêmes droites.
« L’avis des nuiteux »
Authors: Guenot Marion
Published: November 2023

Cette contribution propose un bref panorama des enjeux du travail de nuit dans la police à travers des portraits de situations et d’agents travaillant en brigade anticriminalité (BAC) et police secours, permettant d’assurer une présence policière 24 heures/24 et 7 jours sur 7. Elle explore également les revendications salariales, syndicales et associatives, récentes car survenues seulement au milieu des années 2010. Comment ces agents en sont venus à se mobiliser et à faire entendre leurs revendications, tant auprès de leurs syndicats que des pouvoirs publics ? Quelles sont, au quotidien, les négociations et adaptations plus informelles pouvant être observées dans ce mode de vie et de travail singulier ?
Les mobilités nocturnes et leurs évolutions (1981-2018) : des pratiques qui restent rares et socialement situées
Authors: Demoli Yoann
Published: November 2023

Depuis les années 1980, les mobilités, notamment nocturnes, ont connu des bouleversements sociaux d’ampleur, qui tendraient, selon différents observateurs, à une « colonisation » de la nuit. L’analyse des mobilités quotidiennes nocturnes présentée ici permet de discuter des thèses de la colonisation de la nuit et d’en comprendre les logiques de stratification sociale, si elles existent. La mobilité nocturne se diffuse-t-elle ? Qui sont les Français qui se déplacent nuitamment ? Leur visage a-t-il changé au cours des dernières décennies ?Afin de répondre à de telles questions, l’article exploite la série des enquêtes nationales transports réalisées par l’Insee (1981, 1992, 2007 et 2018). Nos analyses montrent que les mobilités quotidiennes des Français présentent des structures fortes et durables. Les déplacements nocturnes demeurent, depuis les années 1980, relativement rares et offrent à voir une tripartition de la nuit.Si la grande majorité des Français ne se déplacent pas nuitamment, les chances de bouger la nuit n’apparaissent toutefois pas homogènes dans l’espace social : se rendre au travail, au crépuscule ou à l’aube, est typique des classes populaires (ouvriers, employés) tandis que rentrer tardivement du travail ou sortir pour les loisirs concerne bien davantage les cadres. Plutôt qu’une colonisation de la nuit, cet article montre une polarisation des usages et des pratiques de la nuit – qui reste, toutefois, d’abord et avant tout, le moment du sommeil.
La « micro-sieste » à l’épreuve de la nuit
Authors: Morvan Évelyne , Primerano Julie
Published: November 2023

Cet article rend compte des singularités du travail nocturne et de ses temporalités via le suivi d’un projet de « micro-sieste » au sein d’un service hospitalier, dans une visée d’amélioration des conditions de récupération des professionnels de jour comme de nuit. Il s’appuie sur une étude de cas dans un service de soins fonctionnant en 12 heures, mêlant observations (de nuit et de jour) et entretiens formels et informels. Si les professionnels de jour sont peu nombreux à pratiquer la « micro-sieste » telle qu’elle est proposée, c’est notamment en raison de la difficulté à prendre un temps de pause du fait des exigences et de la densité du travail, a fortiori en s’absentant du service. De nuit, c’est bien plutôt le risque qu’elle empiète sur les temps disponibles pour le collectif (entraide et socialisation) qui la freine. L’article montre comment les temporalités du nocturne, les pratiques de repos, les apprentissages et les valeurs qui y sont associés, engagent et entretiennent le collectif.
La nuit des abeilles
Authors: Mugnier Robin
Published: November 2023

Cet article montre, à partir du cas des abeilles domestiques et du travail apicole et agricole, comment des êtres vivants participent à façonner des temporalités nocturnes. La nuit, du fait de l’absence de luminosité, les abeilles se rassemblent à l’intérieur de leur ruche et ne butinent plus. Ce comportement, issu de l’expérience que les abeilles ont des heures nocturnes, est mis à profit dans un ensemble de pratiques : d’une part, par les apiculteurs dans la réalisation de la transhumance des abeilles, un travail de nuit exigeant lors duquel ces professionnels doivent se coordonner avec la temporalité nocturne de leurs abeilles ; d’autre part, par les agriculteurs dans l’utilisation des pesticides, encadrée juridiquement à partir d’une qualification de la nuit chez l’abeille. Au gré des contextes et de ces différentes pratiques relationnelles avec l’abeille, la nuit apparaît comme un moment vécu de multiples manières. C’est à partir d’un terrain ethnographique en vallée du Rhône (en Drôme, de 2019 à 2020) au côté d’apiculteurs et d’agriculteurs que l’article observe les manières avec lesquelles des acteurs mettent en œuvre et négocient, plus ou moins conflictuellement, leurs pratiques avec ce qui fait nuit chez les abeilles. L’article invite à s’intéresser et à décrire les pratiques agricoles à partir des nombreuses temporalités nocturnes multispécifiques qui les marquent.
Les territorialités nocturnes à La Réunion : des rapports à la nuit en recomposition
Authors: Franchomme Magalie , Milian Johan , Challéat Samuel , Fourrier Tanguy
Published: November 2023

Cet article porte un regard sur les temporalités et les territorialités nocturnes des pratiques et des usages quotidiens à l’île de la Réunion. Peu d’études en sciences sociales ont jusqu’alors réussi à s’extraire des grandes métropoles du Nord pour décentrer leur regard et s’intéresser aux nuits des espaces urbains tropicaux. Dans cette perspective, l’une des tâches de fond consiste à étudier la place de l’obscurité dans le vécu et l’imaginaire des populations réunionnaises, gageant qu’une meilleure connaissance et compréhension des territorialités nocturnes pourrait aider à consolider les démarches de protection de l’environnement nocturne dans le quotidien de l’aménagement des territoires.L’île a vu depuis plusieurs décennies ses campagnes se transformer profondément, pour certaines très marquées par l’exode, pour d’autres avalées dans un processus d’urbanisation non maîtrisé. C’est dans ce contexte que notre équipe a commencé à installer, en partenariat avec le Parc national de La Réunion, une démarche plus englobante de la protection de l’environnement nocturne et d’arrimer des enjeux sociaux, en faisant émerger dans le débat public, au côté de la pollution lumineuse et ses effets écologiques, la question des spécificités des temporalités du nocturne par la prise en compte des perceptions, des pratiques et modes d’habiter du quotidien.
La valeur de la musique à l’ère du capitalisme cognitif
Authors: Kaiser Marc
Published: November 2023

Dans le cadre de cet article, la valeur de la musique à l’ère des plateformes de streaming est envisagée à partir des réflexions menées sur le capitalisme cognitif. Nous verrons d’abord que pour répondre aux défis de l’économie de l’attention en régime numérique, le modèle d’accès par licence s’est imposé sur celui de l’offre. En insistant sur les nouvelles forces productives immatérielles et intellectuelles et les nouveaux rapports sociaux de propriété et de contrôle, les analyses critiques sur le travail cognitif montreront ensuite que l’économie immatérielle n’a pas pour autant dissipé les enjeux liés à l’économie matérielle du secteur musical. La constitution d’une force de travail basée sur le savoir et la marchandisation d’Internet représentent les deux évolutions majeures du capitalisme contemporain. Les divers modes actuels de valorisation au sein de l’écosystème musical peuvent finalement être appréhendés à partir des dynamiques constitutives du capitalisme cognitif : la révolution informationnelle, l’essor du capital immatériel, la division cognitive du travail, et le renforcement des droits de propriété intellectuelle.
Musicien·nes et valorisation symbolique dans l’économie numérique sénégalaise
Authors: Costantini Stéphane
Published: November 2023

Cet article rend compte des changements à l’œuvre dans le secteur musical sénégalais, à l’aune du développement d’un écosystème de la musique numérique, poussée principalement par les industries de la téléphonie mobile. La recherche met en regard les stratégies industrielles des acteurs du numérique et les particularités socioéconomiques et culturelles du monde de la musique sénégalaise, et interroge l’interdépendance des acteurs et leurs agencements spécifiques dans la valorisation de la musique. À partir de deux genres musicaux populaires, le mbalax et le hip-hop et leur intégration au sein d’un troisième genre en gestation, le jolofbeats, on verra les différentes modalités de valorisation de la musique sénégalaise en régime numérique, et les trajectoires de reconnaissance que celles-ci sous-tendent. Les résultats mettent en exergue le rapprochement d’une « économie griotique » et d’un modèle de patronage industriel, notamment sous l’influence des mécanismes de valorisation des plateformes de contenus et de réseaux sociaux. La méthodologie employée s’appuie sur une ethnographie de l’industrie des musiques populaires engagée depuis 2016 à Dakar, complétée par une série d’entretiens libres ou semi-directifs effectués auprès d’acteurs de la musique et du numérique au Sénégal (collectifs, labels, médias, services numériques), et d’artistes sénégalais·es.
Que faire de la « valeur de la musique » ? Remarques préliminaires sur l’émergence de la Music Tech
Authors: Riom Loïc
Published: November 2023

Tant chez les commentateur·trices des industries de la musique que dans les milieux académiques, la dernière décennie est marquée par un accroissement des discours sur la « valeur de la musique ». Mais que faire de cette omniprésence ? Dans cet article, je propose quelques pistes de réponse à partir d’une enquête menée sur Sofar Sounds, une entreprise qui propose des concerts « intimistes » dans des endroits « insolites ». Ce cas me permet d’interroger ce que produit la récente rencontre entre les milieux de la Tech et les industries de la musique. Alors que les travaux se multiplient pour examiner la valeur des activités musicales, je défends, à l’inverse, d’analyser ce que la valeur ou la « création » de valeur fait à la musique.
La valeur politique et sociale de la musique : crise anglophone, plateformes numériques et musique dissidente au Cameroun
Authors: Tatchim Nicanor
Published: November 2023

Cette contribution propose, à partir d’une approche diachronique et une analyse de corpus chanté, de mettre en lumière la trajectoire singulière de la musique dissidente au Cameroun depuis la période coloniale. L’analyse montre qu’à partir de la décennie 2010, la pénétration des appareils mobiles connectés et les mutations numériques de modes de diffusion et de consommation de contenus culturels ont donné une visibilité certaine à un genre musical longtemps contraint à la clandestinité. L’article avance l’idée selon laquelle internet et les plateformes de streaming participent à la valorisation politique, sociale et économique de la musique contestataire. Il montre le lien entre plateformes numériques de communication et nouvelles esthétiques musicales de lutte politique et sociale.
Mesenchymal Hamartoma of the Liver Incidentally Discovered in a 4 Year Old Girl
Authors: Tlili Sameh , Boughdir Malak , Daib Aida , Hellal Youssef , Brahim Ehsen Ben , Kaabar Nejib , Abdallah Rabiaa Ben
Published: November 2023

Mesenchymal hamartomas of the liver is considered a benign tumour, although it provides significant challenges in the diagnosis and operative management. Clinical features, laboratory results and radiographic imaging are often non-specific and inconclusive. Thus, it is still difficult to differentiate from malignant lesion without pathological examination. While this tumour is usually diagnosed in the first 2 years of life, few cases in older children have been reported and most of them are case reports. In this article, we want to report our clinical evaluation, results of image diagnosis, surgical procedure and the follow-up simultaneously we discuss the possible differential diagnosis of such a case at this age.
Realizing invariant random subgroups as stabilizer distributions
Authors: Thomas Simon
Published: November 2023

Suppose that

\nu

is an ergodic invariant random subgroup of a countable group

G

such that

[N_{G}(H):H ] = n < \infty

for

\nu

-a.e.

H \in \operatorname{Sub}

. In this paper, we consider the question of whether

\nu

can be realized as the stabilizer distribution of an ergodic action

G \curvearrowright ( X, \mu )

on a standard Borel probability space such that the stabilizer map

x \mapsto G_{x}

is

n

-to-one.
Study on Performance of Diesel Engine Applied with Emulsified Diesel Fuel: The Influence of Fuel Injection Timing and Water Contents
Authors: Iwai Masatoshi , Yoshida Koji , Iijima Akira , Shoji Hideo
Published: November 2023

The application of emulsified fuel for diesel engines is expected to reduce NOx and soot simultaneously. The purpose of this study is to clarify the influence of water content in emulsified fuel and fuel injection timing on diesel engine performance. The engine performance of emulsified fuel was compared with the water injection method. In the water injection test, water was injected to intake manifold and diesel fuel was directly injected into combustion chamber. Two emulsified fuels of which mixing ratio of water and emulsifier to diesel fuel were 15 and 30 vol.% were tested. Engine performance and exhaust gas emission of water injection method were almost similar to those of diesel fuel, so that water presented in combustion chamber had almost no influence on engine performance. Therefore, it can be considered that the micro explosion of fuel droplet enhanced the fuel atomization and mixing of fuel and air. When the fuel injection timing was retarded, the emulsified fuel could reduce NOx emission and smoke concentration however the thermal efficiency was deteriorated. The emulsified fuel could improve the brake thermal efficiency when the fuel injection timing was optimally adjusted, whereas NOx emission could not be reduced.
Design Optimization of Frame Stiffness through Hydroforming
Authors: Dighole Meghashyam , Dora K. B. , R Chandan M.
Published: November 2023

Two wheelers are very popular as means of transportation in ASIA. Chassis is a very critical part of a two wheeler taking most of the loads coming from the roads. During the design and development stage, stiffness of the frame needs to be established. Stiffness is one of the critical parameter, which decides the handling performance of the vehicle. Conventionally, the main tube of motorcycle frame will be of uniform cross section throughout the axis of the tube. Variable thickness cannot be achieved in this method. In the new process called hydro forming, variable sections can be achieved. FE analysis has been done on the frame and the stresses are predicted. The stress pattern helped in identifying the critical areas. The critical areas identified are validated through experimental strain measurement. The validated model is further used to optimize the design by reducing the stresses at critical areas to below the acceptable limit & improving the stiffness values. The final optimized frame cleared the structural & handling tests without any failure. With this method, we were able to improve the stiffness to weight ratio.
Dry Sump Design for a 600cc Yamaha YZF-R6 Engine
Authors: McKenna Shane , McKeown Chris , Sloan Glenn , McCullough Geoffrey , Cunningham Geoff
Published: November 2023

The Formula SAE competition challenges engineering students to design, build and compete in a single-seat race car. The rules limit the swept volume of the engine to 610cc and so most teams elect to use a motorcycle engine which inherently offers the desirable attributes of high power density and low mass. Engines from 600 cc motorcycles designed primarily for road use are particularly common in this competition. When used in the motorcycle these engines rarely suffer from oil starvation induced by lateral acceleration as the engine tilts with the motorcycle during cornering thereby keeping the oil pickup submerged in the oil. However, when installed in the race car, the engine is constrained in the horizontal plane and is also subjected to higher lateral accelerations. This causes oil surge during cornering and results in almost instant and catastrophic engine failure.

The Queens Formula Racing (QFR) team uses an 03-04 model, 600 cc Yamaha YZF R6 engine for their Formula SAE car. A number of designs aimed at preventing oil surge were previously tested including a custom designed baffle and the use of a hydraulic accumulator. An analysis of data recorded during track testing highlighted the fact that these designs, while successful at alleviating the oil starvation issues in the majority of cases, had not fully resolved the problem in every situation. A bespoke dry sump system was therefore designed to address this issue. The system was subjected to a rigorous test programme and its performance verified initially within an engine test laboratory and finally during track testing. The resulting system ensured consistent oil pressure during all conceivable manoeuvres on the track. The design, manufacture and testing of this system is described in detail in this paper.
Reduction of Operation Noises of Injector for Small Motorcycle
Authors: Kawahara Mitsutomo , Saitoh Kenichi , Sato Kazuhiko
Published: November 2023

We have extended application of fuel injectors (hereafter as “injector”) for small motorcycle engines in developing countries by making it compatible with various engine displacements and trims as well as satisfying the needs from a variety of operating and environmental conditions.

The motorcycles with a small-displacement engine are mainly for developing countries and often have an uncovered engine. Accordingly, a noise-insulating cover was indispensable to insulate injector noises.

Since it was necessary to attain a low cost for the complete motorcycle by eliminationof the noise-insulation cover for extensive application of an electronic fuel injection system (hereafter “FI”) in developing countries, we developed the quiet injector by thorough reduction of mass of the needle valve and lowering of the operation speed.
A Control Oriented Model Development for a Gas Control Path with a Stepper Motor-Based Actuator for a Gas Engine
Authors: Das Himadri B. , Kavitha K. N. , Padhi L. N. , Srikanth K. M. , Jabez Dhinagar S.
Published: November 2023

In today's automotive power train control, the usage of model based control system is getting more focused because of the advantages associated with this approach. The model-based system can be implemented to predict and control different control parameters associated with Power train control.

As a part of this work a multivariable control oriented model is developed to control the inlet manifold airflow of a small S.I. engine running on Gas. A stepper motor-based actuator is placed on the gas flow control path. A model based controller approach is adopted to control the actuator, which is placed on the low-pressure tube with inlet manifold to control the gas flow.

In the initial phase of work, a state based non-linear model is developed for the actuator. This model captures the total dynamics of a permanent magnet stepper motor-based flow control device in a state space model. Different parameters for the model are calculated using system identification methodology.

In the second phase of work, a mean value model for inlet manifold is developed. In this model, the above-mentioned actuator is placed on an addition to the carburetor for the manifold airflow path. The manifold air pressure (MAP) and manifold airflow (MAF) are identified as the main control variable for this work. The stepper motor position is the control signal for the above-mentioned multivariable system. The non-linear model proposed in the previous section provides the position feedback for the controller.
A Control Oriented Model Development for Fuel Delivering Structure of a Port Injection Based System
Authors: Kavitha K. N. , Das Himadri B. , Padhi L. N. , Jabez Dhinegar S.
Published: November 2023

In recent years the fuel injection technology has taken a great
leap in two-wheeler industries both in terms of having lean
emissions and in terms of improving efficiency. Especially in a
market like India where fuel efficiency is given, as prime
importance and fuel contamination duly exists, it becomes all the
more a bigger challenge to address to these kinds of problems by
some means.

The main function of the fuel system is to make sure right
amount of fuel is injected into the intake manifold at right time
with the help of Electronic Control Unit. Variation from the right
quantity and quality of fuel leads to partial burning and finally
to more emissions and poor performance. So monitoring fuel
pressure, there by the quantity and fuel quality is very much
important to reduce emissions and to achieve desired
performance.

The entire fuel delivery system is split into several sub
systems viz: fuel pump - a PMDC (permanent magnet DC motor) motor
to pressurize the fuel coming out of the fuel tank, fuel regulator
- spring type mechanical regulator to maintain the pressure near to
2.5 bar (2.5*10⁵ Pascal) constant, fuel rail - to hold the
pressurized and regulated fuel for the system and injector - opens
up for the desired quantity of the fuel into intake manifold with
help of engine control unit acting as trigger to it.

In the first phase of this paper, a 1st principles-based
mathematical model of the fuel system is proposed.

This model helps to understand the dynamic behavior of the
system. The work is further extended by developing another dynamic
model using system identification tools. Both the models are
validated with experimental results.

The main aim of this paper is to develop a control-oriented
model, which replicates the behavior of the actual plant. The above
models are compared for the computational efficiency, as one of the
above models will be used for designing different control
strategies in future.
Study of Lower Viscosity Motorcycle Engine Oils for Fuel Saving-Anti-fatigue Performance-
Authors: Watanabe Nobuaki , Inuzuka Maiko , Mitarai Akira
Published: November 2023

1
Fuel savings by engine oil have been requested for two-wheeled vehicles from the viewpoint of environmental issues. In four-wheeled vehicles, reduction of oil viscosity and addition of friction modifiers have been effective in improving fuel efficiency. However, direct application of engine oil for four-wheeled vehicles to two-wheeled vehicles is difficult. In a four-cycle two-wheeled vehicle, the transmission, gears, and a wet clutch system are imbedded within the engine1). Engine oil must display a remarkable performance as it is required to function as transmission oil and to improve anti-metal fatigue life and clutch performance2), 3).

If fuel efficiency is improved by reducing the viscosity of engine oil used in two-wheeled vehicles, the fatigue life tends to worsen. Therefore, reduction in oil viscosity is difficult to achieve. In this study, the anti-metal fatigue life of an engine oil was evaluated using a gear or a rolling bearing in a crankshaft where fatigue failures may occur due to the reduction in oil viscosity. Measures to prolong fatigue life were examined by testing different engine oil formulations, including single-grade oils and multi-grade oils to which polymers were added as viscosity index improvers (VIIs). The viscosity characteristics and oil film formability of test oils were measured, and their effects on the fatigue life were analyzed. The use of olefin co-oligomer as a VII improved the oil film formability of engine oil and prolonged the fatigue life of the needle bearing.
Development and Evaluation of Air-Cooled Fuel Cell Scooter
Authors: Ikeya Kengo , Hirota Kazuyuki , Takada Yohei , Eguchi Toru , Mizutani Kazuhiko , Ohta Tohru
Published: November 2023

Suzuki Motor Corporation unveiled the Burgman Fuel Cell Scooter (Burgman FCS) at the “TOKYO MOTOR SHOW 2009”. It is a simple and high-efficiency fuel cell scooter, which is equipped with a compact and unique air-cooled fuel cell system, jointly developed with the UK firm, Intelligent Energy Ltd. In order to evaluate the vehicle performance and find any powertrain related issues from actual road and traffic conditions, it has been tested in a fleet testing program supported by the UK Technology Strategy Board (TSB), in UK since February 2010. In addition, seeking for different operating conditions, it is planned to provide it in 2011 to a further field test to be held in Japan. Additionally in March 2011, it obtained Whole Vehicle Type Approval (WVTA) in the European Union; the first time this has been achieved for any fuel cell vehicle. This proved that it has achieved the high level environmental acceptability and safety requirements which are essential for the practical scooter. This paper describes the system outline of the vehicle including the safety perspectives, as well as the knowledge and outcomes obtained from the fleet testing results.
Methodology of Lubricity Evaluation for DME Fuel based on HFRR
Authors: Oguma Mitsuharu , Goto Shinichi , Yanai Tadanori , Mikita Yasuhiko
Published: November 2023

The methodology of lubricity evaluation for DME fuel was established by special modified HFRR (High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig) such as Multi-Pressure/Temperature HFRR (MPT-HFRR). The obtained results were summarized as follows: The HFRR method is adaptable with DME fuel. There is no effect of the test pressure (up to 1.8 MPa) and the test temperature (up to 100°C) of MPT-HFRR on wear scar diameter. The results with MPT-HFRR can be applied at the sliding parts of the injection needle and the fuel supply pump's plungers which are secured lubricity by the boundary lubrication mode mainly and the mixed lubrication mode partially. Using the fatty-acid-based lubricity improver in amounts of approximately 100 ppm, the lubricity of DME, which has a lack of self-lubricity, is ensured as same as the diesel fuel equivalent level. There is a big deviation of measured wear scar diameter when the LI concentration is not enough. It is caused that the amount of LI is not enough for the surface area of the material on which polar lubricant must be absorbed. The reason of securing lubricity is that the fatty acid, which is a main component of test LI, absorbs chemically on the sliding metal surface of fuel injection parts, and it forms metallic soap. Over adding fatty-acid-based LI doesn't give any advantage on lubricity.
Development Process of a Formula SAE Chassis
Authors: Terakawa Ken , Watanabe Kazuki
Published: November 2023

Chassis design on a racing car must meet many conflicting requirements including high torsional and flexual rigidity, driver safety, optimum suspension geometry, a low center of gravity and light weight. In comparison to our 2010 model, the frame weight of the 2011 model was reduced by 15% whilst increasing torsional rigidity to 920Nm/deg. Suspension geometry was refined based on driver feedback and track chronometry. Suspension components were simplified, reducing weight by 10% and greatly reducing cost. A standardization approach was taken from the 2011 model, allowing a near complete compatibility of commercial parts amongst different year models.
Development of a High-Fidelity Series-Hybrid Electric Vehicle Model using a Mathematics-Based Approach
Authors: Dao Thank-Son , Seaman Aden , McPhee John , Shigematsu Koichi
Published: November 2023

The recent increase in oil prices and environmental concerns have attracted various research efforts on hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) which provide promising alternatives to conventional engine-powered vehicles with better fuel economy and fewer emissions. To speed up the design and prototyping processes of new HEVs, a method that automatically generates mathematics equations governing the vehicle system response in an optimized symbolic form is desirable. To achieve this goal, we employed MapleSimTM, a new physical modeling tool developed by Maplesoft Inc., to develop the multi-domain model of a series-HEV, utilizing the symbolic computing algorithms of Maple software package to generate an optimized set of governing equations. The HEV model consists of a mean-value internal combustion engine (ICE), a chemistry-based Ni-MH battery pack, and a multibody vehicle model. Simulations are then used to demonstrate the performance of the developed HEV system. Simulation results show that the model is viable and the number of governing equations is reduced significantly, resulting in a computationally efficient system.
Vehicle Dynamics Innovation with In-Wheel Motor
Authors: Murata Satoshi
Published: November 2023

In-wheel motors (IWM) will be a key technology that contributes to the popularization of electric vehicles. Combining electric drive with IWM enables both good vehicle dynamics and a roomy interior. In addition, the responsiveness of IWM is also capable of raising dynamic control performance to an even higher level. IWM enable vertical body motion control as well as direct yaw control, electric skid control, and traction control. This means that IWM can replace most control actuators used in a vehicle chassis. The most important technology for IWM is to enable the motor to coexist with the brake and the suspension arms inside the wheel. The IWM drive unit described in this paper can be installed with a front double wishbone suspension, the most difficult configuration.
Evaluation of infrastructure data collection system for electrical vehicle billing and load control
Authors: Engdahl Henrik , Fransson Tommy , Weiefors Henrik , Pettersson Stefan
Published: November 2023

In the near future electric vehicles are expected to become ever more common. Due to the comparably low energy density of batteries in relation to the liquid fuels of today, vehicles will be required to recharge more often. In many cases this can be achieved in private premises such as private garages where billing for consumed energy is not a problem. However a large part of the population living in cities around the world relies on roadside parking where convenient billing for consumed energy is of interest. Charging of a large fleet of electric vehicles might also pose a significant threat to the stability of the electrical grid. For this purpose demand side management has appeared as a way to negotiate the risks. Both automated billing and demand side management require information to be transmitted between the consumer and external partners. In this paper we compare different ways to fulfill this need for information exchange and propose a cost efficient solution.
Agent Based Approaches for Smart Charging Strategy for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Ferreira Joao C. , da Silva Alberto Rodrigues , Afonso Joao L.
Published: November 2023

This paper presents an agent process simulation to control and monitor the Electric Vehicle charging process, using existing power distribution limitations and microgeneration capacity. The goal is to simulate the consumers' energy consumption and their unexpected behavior, using past experience and taking into account distribution network and home power limitation to find an intelligent charging pattern. This paper proposes a novel approach for this problem based on an agent-based simulation platform where stochastic process is adopted to perform unexpected user behavior. This simulation tool can be used to determine the capability of the actual electrical distribution network for supply energy to the final consumers and for charge the bank of batteries of electrical vehicles, which can occur simultaneously.
The background of Electric Vehicle spread
Authors: Yamamoto Keiichi
Published: November 2023

In recent years, Eeletoric Vehicle attracts attention as the favorite in a next-generation car. Various factors called promotion of the problem of drain of a fossil fuel, global warming, and next-generation industry exist in this background. In this paper, by arranging these factors on many sides and carrying out them considers the directivity to which EV should progress.
Development of Electric Commuter Concept Car “C-ta”
Authors: Suzuki Tetsuya , Shimamura Kazuki , Maeda Yasumasa
Published: November 2023

It is becoming more and more necessary to achieve a sustainable low-carbon society by mobility not depending on oil. Electric vehicles are appropriate for such a society, but expensive battery cost and long charging time prohibit the promotion of EVs. One of the solutions is minimizing battery usage by ultra-low fuel efficiency, so we developed an ultrahigh-efficient electric commuter concept car “C-ta”, which requires as small a battery as possible. We assumed that drivers would use the car as a second car for short-distance daily use, such as commuting, shopping, transportation of family, etc. In order to improve fuel efficiency, we mainly considered an ultra-light weight body and chassis, to which CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastic) greatly contributes, ultra-low rolling resistance tires, and highly accurate vehicle control technology with four in-wheel motors. At last, the C-ta achieved ultra-low fuel efficiency of 25.3 km/kWh and a cruising distance of 125 km even if battery capacity is as little as 5 kWh.
High Power Density Motor for Racing Use
Authors: Kawamura Tamotsu , Atarashi Hirofumi , Miyoshi Takehiro
Published: November 2023

This paper presents the development of a motor that was supposed to be adopted in the Kinetic Energy Recovery System for the Formula One world championship 2009 series. KERS can recover and utilize braking energy in the form of power assist, with maximum energy use per lap of 400 kJ and maximum power of 60 kW. This hybrid system is expected to provide benefits such as lap time reduction and straightaway speed gain for overtaking. The motor is required to achieve downsizing, light weight, high power density, wide power band, and high efficiency. This paper describes how the on-board layout, size, and specifications were decided and how the newly developed technologies were applied and test result to confirm enhanced performance.
Interior Noise evaluation of Electric Vehicle: Noise source contribution analysis
Authors: Shiozaki Hirotaka , Iwanaga Yoshihisa , Ito Hideki , Takahashi Yutaka
Published: November 2023

Global environment protection, Co2 emission reduction and so on, is an important problem in automotive industry. An Electric Vehicle (EV) production is one of policies. Co2 emission of EV is lower than Internal Combustion Engine (ICE), petrol and diesel engine. On the other hand, customer's needs for the comfort on driving increase year after year. So it's an important factor for new car performance. Generally speaking, it's thought that the noise and vibration performance of EV have the better of ICE performance. However the aerodynamic noise and road noise contribution for interior noise in EV rise in comparison with ICE, and moreover the sound quality change by new noise component of the motor noise. Therefore new sound evaluation method is needed for EV. So this paper demonstrates each noise component contribution in EV by new noise separation technology, and show the comparison result with EV and ICE.
Aerodynamic Development of the Newly Developed Electric Vehicle
Authors: Ishihara Yuji , Takagi Hitoshi , Asao Kazuya
Published: November 2023

This paper explains the specific measures taken to develop the body and underfloor of the newly developed Electric Vehicle for the purpose of reducing drag. Additionally, the headlamps and fenders were designed with innovative shapes to reduce wind noise that occurs near the outside mirrors. As a result of utilizing the aerodynamic advantages of an electric vehicle to maximum effect, The newly developed Electric Vehicle achieves a class-leading drag coefficient and interior quietness.
Research on Metal Air Battery
Authors: Nishikoori Hidetaka , Mizuzo Fuminori , Iba Hideki
Published: November 2023

Plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHVs) and/or electric vehicles (EVs) as sustainable mobility rapidly penetrate into a new market. Cruising ranges of PHVs and EVs strongly depend on the energy density of batteries. In this paper, we briefly introduce our achievements of metal air batteries as one of the innovative batteries with high energy density.
Research into All Solid Secondary Lithium Battery
Authors: Kohama Keiichi , Kawamoto Koji , Tsuchida Yasushi , Miki Hidenori , Iba Hideki
Published: November 2023

It may be possible to simplify the structure and control systems of a lithium-ion battery by replacing the conventional liquid electrolyte with a solid electrolyte, resulting in higher energy density. However, power performance is a development issue of batteries using a solid electrolyte. To increase battery power performance, in addition to lithium ionic conductivity within the bulk of the electrolyte, it is also necessary to boost the lithium ionic conductivity at the interface between the electrode active material and the electrolyte, and to boost electron and lithium ionic conductivity within the cathode and anode active material. This research studied the mechanism of resistance reduction by electrode surface modification. Subsequently, this research attempted to improve electron conductivity by simultaneously introducing oxygen vacancies and carrying out nitrogen substitution in the crystalline structure of the Li4Ti5O12 anode active material.