bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POTENSI PIRING LIDI MENIMBULKAN CEMARAN BIOLOGI DILIHAT DARI PENGUJIAN ANGKA LEMPENG TOTAL DAN Escherichia coli
Authors: Ardyantoro Roni , Rakhmawati Anna
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui nilai Angka Lempeng Total (ALT), keberadaan bakteriEscherichia coli, kualitas bakteriologis menurut PERMENKES RI No. 1098/MENKES/SK/VII/2003 danPERMENKES RI No. 1096/MENKES/PER/VI/2011, higiene dan sanitasi pengelolaan piring lidi, danketerkaitan higiene dan sanitasi tersebut terhadap uji bakteriologis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitiandeskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional dan dilaksanakan di UPT Laboratorium Kesehatan Sleman danKafetaria sekitar UNY pada bulan November hingga Desember 2017. Teknik pengambilan sampel warungdengan purposive sampling yang ditemukan lima warung menggunakan piring lidi. Uji bakteriologis melaluiusapan (swab) permukaan piring kemudian dilakukan uji ALT dengan media PCA sedangkan uji Escherichiacoli menggunakan media TBX agar. Higiene dan sanitasi pengelolaan piring lidi dengan lembar observasichecklist. Hasil menunjukkan saat penelitian nilai ALT semua sampel (100%) piring terdapat kontaminasidengan nilai rata-rata 81,4 x 103 koloni/cm2. Cemaran Escherichia coli pada piring lidi menunjukkansebagian kecil (27%) positif. Kualitas bakteriologis piring lidi menurut PERMENKES RI No.1098/MENKES/SK/VII /2003 dan PERMENKES RI No. 1096/MENKES/PER/VI/ 2011 dinyatakan tidakmemenuhi persyaratan. Higiene dan sanitasi pengelolaan piring lidi menunjukkan 40% warung (D dan E)kriteria cukup baik dan 60% warung (A, B, dan C) kriteria kurang baik. Keterkaitan antara higiene dansanitasi terhadap uji bakteriologis menunjukkan nilai rata-rata kriteria kurang baik memiliki hasil ujibakteriologis melebihi ambang batas dan sebagian kecil positif Escherichia coli.
PENGARUH EKSTRAK DAUN BINAHONG (Anredera cordifolia) TERHADAP JUMLAH KELENJAR DAN KETEBALAN LAPISAN ENDOMETRIUM TIKUS PUTIH BETINA (Rattus norvegicus, L.)
Authors: Hikmah Sohifatul , Ciptono Ciptono
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak daun binahong (Anredera cordifolia) terhadapjumlah kelenjar endometrium dan tebal lapisan endometrium tikus putih betina (Rattus norvegicus, L.). Penelitianini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan pola acak lengkap. Objek yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah20 ekor tikus betina berumur 2 bulan dengan berat rata-rata 150 gr. Perlakuan dibagi menjadi 4 kelompokperlakuan yaitu kontrol (tanpa pemberian ekstrak daun binahong), P1 (17,10 mg/kg BB), P2 (21,37 mg/kg BB), P3(25,65 mg/kg BB). Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah jumlah kelenjar dan ketebalan lapisanendometrium tikus putih betina. Perlakuan dilakukan selama 21 hari dengan cara oral. Data jumlah kelenjar danketebalan lapisan endometrium dianalisis menggunakan statistik One Way Anova untuk mengetahui ada tidaknyaperbedaan pengaruh antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok perlakuan. Apabila terdapat pengaruh nyata, makadilanjutkan dengan uji Least Significance Different (LSD) untuk membedakan antara kelompok perlakuan danantar perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak daun binahong tidak memberikanpengaruh nyata (P0,05) terhadap jumlah kelenjar dan tebal lapisan endometrium.Kata kunci: Binahong, endometrium, kelenjar, tikus betina.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI SENYAWA 5,7-DIHIDROKSIFLAVANON DARI EKSTRAK ETHANOL TEMU KUNCI (Boesenbergia pandurata) TERHADAP BAKTERI Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 DAN Staphylococcus epidermidis FNCC 0048 SECARA IN VITRO
Authors: Musyayyadah Hajidah , Rakhmawati Anna
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri senyawa 5,7-dihidroksiflavanon dari  ekstrak ethanol Temu Kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata) terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 dan Staphylococcus epidermidis FNCC 0048 serta untuk mengetahui konsentrasi senyawa 5,7-dihidroksiflavanon yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri optimum terhadap kedua bakteri. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar paper disc (Kirby Bauer). Aktivitas antibakteri dibuktikan dengan adanya zona hambat bening di sekitar paper disc. Konsentrasi senyawa 5,7-dihidroksiflavanon yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu 0,5 ppm, 5 ppm, 50 ppm, 250 ppm, dan 500 ppm. Kontrol positif menggunakan kloramfenikol dan kontrol negatif menggunakan DMSO. Kekuatan zona hambat senyawa 5,7-dihidroksiflavanon terhadap Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 tergolong kuat sedangkan Staphylococcus epidermidis FNCC 0048 memiliki kekuatan zona hambat sedang sampai dengan kuat. Konsentrasi optimum senyawa 5,7-dihidroksiflavanon untuk E. coli ATCC 11229 pada konsentrasi 500 ppm dan S. epidermidis FNCC 0048 pada konsentrasi 0,5 ppm.Kata kunci : Antibakteri, 5,7-dihidroksiflavanon, temu kunci, Escherichia coli ATCC 11229, Staphylococcus epidermidis FNCC 004.
UJI EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOLIK BUAH NANAS (Ananas comosus (L)Merr) TERHADAP MORTALITAS LARVA Anopheles aconitus
Authors: Sulistyono Setyo , Aminatun Tien
Published: June 2023

Malaria merupakan masalah kesehatan yang masih terjadi di Indonesia yang perlu diwaspadaioleh setiap elemen masyarakat Indonesia. Salah satu yang dapat dilakukan adalah denganmengendalikan vektornya yaitu nyamuk Anopheles aconitus. Kandungan yang terdapat di dalam buahnanas antarlain enzim bromelin yang dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu pengendali larva nyamuk.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek dari ekstrak buah nanas (Ananas comosus (L)Merr)terhadap mortalitas larva nyamuk Anopheles aconitus. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitianeksperimental random sampling. Sampel penelitian yang digunakan adalah larva Anopheles aconitusinstar III dan IV sebanyak 360 ekor untuk uji pendahuluan dan 480 ekor untuk uji definitif yang dibagimenjadi 1 kelompok kontrol dan 5 kelompok perlakuan ekstrak buah nanas, konsentrasi yangdigunakan uji pendahuluan adalah 0,04%, 0,05%, 0,06%, 0,07% dan 0,08% dengan 3 kalipengulangan. Konsentrasi yang digunakan uji definitif adalah 0,01%, 0,05%, 0,1%, 0,15% dan 0,2%.Masing-masing kelompok berisi 20 ekor larva dengan 4 kali pengulangan. Hasil analisis datapenelitian dengan uji Kruskal Wallis pada taraf kepercayaan (α) 0,05, didapatkan adanya perbedaanyang signifikan diantara kelompok uji (p = 0,000; p 0,05). Dari hasil analisis nilai statistik hitungprobabilitas (p) = 0,008. Dari hasil perhitungan statistik dengan analisis Probit didapatkan LC500,074% , LC90 0,090% dan LT50 21,755 jam (dalam 24 jam). Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkanbahwa ekstrak buah nanas (Ananas comosus (L (Merr) memiliki efek terhadap mortalitas larvaAnopheles aconitus dengan LC50 0,074%, LC90 0,090% dan LT50 21,755 jam (dalam 24 jam).Kata kunci: Anopheles aconitus, Buah nanas (Ananas comosus (L)Merr), Mortalitas Larva, LC50dan LT50.
PENGARUH VARIASI MEDIA DAN KONSENTRASI POC DAUN KOL DAN TOMAT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN KERAPATAN KRISTAL CaOx Altenanthera amoena
Authors: Yani Yani , Suhartini Suhartini
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi media tanam dan konsentrasi pupuk organikcair limbah daun kol dan buah tomat terhadap tinggi, jumlah daun, berat basah, berat kering dan kerapatan kristalkalsium oksalat tanaman bayam merah (Altenanthera amoena Voss.) ‘Mira’.Penelitian ini menggunakan rancanganacak lengkap (RAL), terdiri atas dua faktor yaitu media tanam dan konsentrasi pupuk organik cair limbah (daun koldan buah tomat). Penelitian ini memiliki 10 kombinasi perlakuan, pada dua media yang masing-masing terdapatlima perlakuan. Konsentrasi yang digunakan yaitu 0%, 30%, 40%, 50% dan gandasil daun 0,3%. Setiap perlakuanmemilikit tiga ulangan sehingga terdapat 30 unit percobaan. Data diuji menggunakan uji ANOVA pada taraf 5%untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi konsentrasi pada masing-masing media. Apabila berpengaruh nyata,dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan pada taraf 5%. Uji beda untuk mengetahui pengaruh media terhadap pertumbuhandan kerapatan kristal kalsium oksalat bayam merah menggunakan analisis T-test. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada01 Oktober 2017-09 Januari 2018 di Sidoluhur Godean untuk pembuatan pupuk organik cair dan penanamanbayam merah dan Laboratorium FMIPA untuk pengamatan kristal kalsium oksalat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan,(1) perlakuan media dan konsentrasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap rata-rata tinggi, jumlah daun, berat basah danberat kering, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kerapatan kristal kalsium oksalat bayam merah (2) mediatanam yang paling bagus adalah media tanah kompos.Kata kunci: pupuk organik cair, kristal kalsium oksalat.
PENGARUH VARIASI MEDIA DAN KONSENTRASI POC BONGGOL PISANG DAN KULIT PISANG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN KERAPATAN KRISTAL KALSIUM OKSALAT BAYAM MERAH (Altenanthera amoena)
Authors: Rakasiwi Ratih , Suhartini Suhartini
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi media tanam dan konsentrasi pupuk organikcair limbah bonggol pisang dan kulit pisang terhadap tinggi, jumlah daun, berat basah, berat kering dan kerapatankristal kalsium oksalat tanaman bayam merah (Altenanthera amoena Voss.) ‘Mira’.Penelitian ini menggunakanrancangan acak lengkap (RAL), terdiri atas dua faktor yaitu media tanam dan konsentrasi pupuk organik cairlimbah (bonggol pisang dan kulit pisang). Penelitian ini memiliki 10 kombinasi perlakuan, pada dua media yangmasing-masing terdapat lima perlakuan. Konsentrasi yang digunakan yaitu 0%, 30%, 40%, 50% dan gandasil daun0,3%. Setiap perlakuan memilikit tiga ulangan, sehingga terdapat 30 unit percobaan. Data diuji menggunakan ujiANOVA pada taraf 5% untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi konsentrasi pada masing-masing media. Apabilaberpengaruh nyata, dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan pada taraf 5%. Uji beda untuk mengetahui pengaruh mediaterhadap pertumbuhan dan kerapatan kristal kalsium oksalat bayam merah menggunakan analisis T-test. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan, (1) perlakuan media dan konsentrasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap rata-rata tinggi, namuntidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah daun, berat basah dan berat kering, dan kerapatan kristal kalsium oksalatbayam merah (2) media tanam yang paling bagus adalah media tanah kompos.Kata kunci: pupuk organik cair, media tanam, kristal kalsium oksalat
PENGARUH PERBEDAAN JENIS DAN DOSIS MEDIA KULTUR (KOTORAN SAPI DAN VERMIKOMPOS) TERHADAP BIOMASSA MUTLAK CACING SUTRA (Tubifex sp) DALAM SISTEM RESIRKULASI
Authors: Saputri Novia Locita , Sudarsono Sudarsono
Published: June 2023

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis media kultur apa yang sesuai dengan pertumbuhan biomassamutlak cacing sutra, mengetahui dosis yang sesuai dengan pertumbuhan biomassa mutlak cacing sutra. Cacingsutra dikultur dalam wadah dengan media kultur dan dosis yang berbeda yaitu kotoran sapi dan vermikomposdengan konsentrasi perlakuan 0 gram, 400 gram, 500 gram, 600 gram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mediadengan perlakuan kotoran sapi dengan dosis 600 gram/wadah menunjukkan penambahan biomassa mutlak cacingsutra tertinggi dengan rata-rata sebesar 23,30±2,43 gram, menunjukan hasil yang berpengaruh nyata terhadapbiomassa mutlak cacing sutra.Kata kunci: Cacing sutra, kotoran sapi ,vermikompos , lumpur, Biomassa mutlak
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PROBIOTIK BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT (Lactobacillus sp.) TERHADAP JUMLAH LIMFOSIT, HETEROFIL, EOSINOFIL DAN MONOSIT AYAM BROILER
Authors: Verawati Theresia Ayu , Nurcahyo Heru
Published: June 2023

Probiotik adalah mikroorganisme hidup non-patogen yang dapat meningkatkan kesehatan ternak dengan cara menyeimbangkan mikroflora dalam saluran pencernaan. Peneliti telah banyak melaporkan bahwa penggunaan bakteri asam laktat (BAL) sebagai agen probiotik mampu meningkatkan sistem kekebalan hewan ternak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian probiotik bakteri asam laktat (Lactobacillus sp.) terhadap jumlah leukosit meliputi limfosit, heterofil, eosinofil, dan monosit pada ayam broiler. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian eksperimental. Desain yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas kelompok kontrol dan 1 kelompok perlakuan. Masing-masing kelompok perlakuan terdiri dari 20 ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu R0 (kontrol) dan R1 (BAL) yang diujikan pada ayam broiler umur 1 (day old chicken) hingga umur 28 hari. Prosedur kerja meliputi preparasi BAL, pembuatan freeze drying, persiapan kandang, pemeliharaan ayam broiler, dan pengambilan darah. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis dengan taraf signifikansi 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan nyata (P 0,05) terhadap jumlah heterofil dan monosit, namun menunjukkan hasil beda nyata (P 0,05) terhadap jumlah limfosit dan eosinofil. Presentase limfosit mengalami penurunan, hal ini karena pemberian Lactobacillus sp. mampu menyeimbangkan mikroflora dalam saluran pencernaan ayam broiler. Heterofil dan monosit tidak mengalami perubahan karena tubuh ayam broiler tidak merespon keberadaan BAL sebagai bakteri yang membahayakan. Terdapat kenaikan eosinofil sebagai respon pertahanan tubuh terhadap serangan parasit. Kata kunci: Ayam broiler; Lactobacillus sp.; leukosit; probiotik.
Biomarkers in the Management of the Lung Transplant Allograft: A Focus on Donor-derived Cell-free DNA
Authors: Keller Michael B. , Andargie Temesgen E. , Agbor-Enoh Sean
Published: June 2023

Advances in the use of molecular biomarkers to guide management of lung transplant recipients are emerging. One such biomarker, donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA), has the potential to alter traditional approaches of lung transplant management, including the detection of acute rejection or infection, surveillance monitoring strategies, risk stratification of vulnerable patient populations and molecular phenotyping of various forms of allograft injury. The emergence of novel genetic and epigenetic approaches utilizing cfDNA provides further promise for the elucidation of pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment targets in various disease states. This review aims to employ the current state of the evidence to cover the biological basis, clinical applications and future directions for the use of dd-cfDNA in lung transplant recipients.
Modelo productivo para el cultivo de plátano en la zona central cafetera de Colombia: paquete tecnológico
Authors: Bolaños Benavides Martha Marina
Published: June 2023

El plátano en Colombia sirve como sustento de familias campesinas que lo siembran en asocio con otros cultivos, el rendimiento de este varía de acuerdo con las condiciones de las zonas ecológicas y edáficas, la temperatura y el cultivar utilizado. El paquete tecnológico que acá se presenta está dirigido a todos los productores de la Región Central Cafetera del país, donde se han desarrollado los mayores esfuerzos de investigación transfiriendo conocimientos acerca de su producción, control de plagas y enfermedades, indicadores económicos, entre otros.
One-Week Suicide Risk Prediction Using Real-Time Smartphone Monitoring: Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Barrigon Maria Luisa , Romero-Medrano Lorena , Moreno-Muñoz Pablo , Porras-Segovia Alejandro , Lopez-Castroman Jorge , Courtet Philippe , Artés-Rodríguez Antonio , Baca-Garcia Enrique
Published: June 2023

Background

Suicide is a major global public health issue that is becoming increasingly common despite preventive efforts. Though current methods for predicting suicide risk are not sufficiently accurate, technological advances provide invaluable tools with which we may evolve toward a personalized, predictive approach.

Objective

We aim to predict the short-term (1-week) risk of suicide by identifying changes in behavioral patterns characterized through real-time smartphone monitoring in a cohort of patients with suicidal ideation.

Methods

We recruited 225 patients between February 2018 and March 2020 with a history of suicidal thoughts and behavior as part of the multicenter SmartCrisis study. Throughout 6 months of follow-up, we collected information on the risk of suicide or mental health crises. All participants underwent voluntary passive monitoring using data generated by their own smartphones, including distance walked and steps taken, time spent at home, and app usage. The algorithm constructs daily activity profiles for each patient according to these data and detects changes in the distribution of these profiles over time. Such changes are considered critical periods, and their relationship with suicide-risk events was tested.

Results

During follow-up, 18 (8%) participants attempted suicide, and 14 (6.2%) presented to the emergency department for psychiatric care. The behavioral changes identified by the algorithm predicted suicide risk in a time frame of 1 week with an area under the curve of 0.78, indicating good accuracy.

Conclusions

We describe an innovative method to identify mental health crises based on passively collected information from patients’ smartphones. This technology could be applied to homogeneous groups of patients to identify different types of crises.
Digital Application of Clinical Staging to Support Stratification in Youth Mental Health Services: Validity and Reliability Study
Authors: Chong Min K , Hickie Ian B , Cross Shane P , McKenna Sarah , Varidel Mathew , Capon William , Davenport Tracey A , LaMonica Haley M , Sawrikar Vilas , Guastella Adam , Naismith Sharon L , Scott Elizabeth M , Iorfino Frank
Published: June 2023

Background

As the demand for youth mental health care continues to rise, managing wait times and reducing treatment delays are key challenges to delivering timely and quality care. Clinical staging is a heuristic model for youth mental health that can stratify care allocation according to individuals’ risk of illness progression. The application of staging has been traditionally limited to trained clinicians yet leveraging digital technologies to apply clinical staging could increase the scalability and usability of this model in services.

Objective

The aim of this study was to validate a digital algorithm to accurately differentiate young people at lower and higher risk of developing mental disorders.

Methods

We conducted a study with a cohort comprising 131 young people, aged between 16 and 25 years, who presented to youth mental health services in Australia between November 2018 and March 2021. Expert psychiatrists independently assigned clinical stages (either stage 1a or stage 1b+), which were then compared to the digital algorithm’s allocation based on a multidimensional self-report questionnaire.

Results

Of the 131 participants, the mean age was 20.3 (SD 2.4) years, and 72% (94/131) of them were female. Ninety-one percent of clinical stage ratings were concordant between the digital algorithm and the experts’ ratings, with a substantial interrater agreement (κ=0.67; P<.001). The algorithm demonstrated an accuracy of 91% (95% CI 86%-95%; P=.03), a sensitivity of 80%, a specificity of 93%, and an F1-score of 73%. Of the concordant ratings, 16 young people were allocated to stage 1a, while 103 were assigned to stage 1b+. Among the 12 discordant cases, the digital algorithm allocated a lower stage (stage 1a) to 8 participants compared to the experts. These individuals had significantly milder symptoms of depression (P<.001) and anxiety (P<.001) compared to those with concordant stage 1b+ ratings.

Conclusions

This novel digital algorithm is sufficiently robust to be used as an adjunctive decision support tool to stratify care and assist with demand management in youth mental health services. This work could transform care pathways and expedite care allocation for those in the early stages of common anxiety and depressive disorders. Between 11% and 27% of young people seeking care may benefit from low-intensity, self-directed, or brief interventions. Findings from this study suggest the possibility of redirecting clinical capacity to focus on individuals in stage 1b+ for further assessment and intervention.
Design and Early Use of the Nationally Implemented Healthier You National Health Service Digital Diabetes Prevention Programme: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Ross Jamie , Hawkes Rhiannon E , Miles Lisa M , Cotterill Sarah , Bower Peter , Murray Elizabeth
Published: June 2023

Background

The Healthier You National Health Service Digital Diabetes Prevention Programme (NHS-digital-DPP) is a 9-month digital behavior change intervention delivered by 4 independent providers that is implemented nationally across England. No studies have explored the design features included by service providers of digital diabetes prevention programs to promote engagement, and little is known about how participants of nationally implemented digital diabetes prevention programs such as this one make use of them.

Objective

This study aimed to understand engagement with the NHS-digital-DPP. The specific objectives were to describe how engagement with the NHS-digital-DPP is promoted via design features and strategies and describe participants’ early engagement with the NHS-digital-DPP apps.

Methods

Mixed methods were used. The qualitative study was a secondary analysis of documents detailing the NHS-digital-DPP intervention design and interviews with program developers (n=6). Data were deductively coded according to an established framework of engagement with digital health interventions. For the quantitative study, anonymous use data collected over 9 months for each provider representing participants’ first 30 days of use of the apps were obtained for participants enrolled in the NHS-digital-DPP. Use data fields were categorized into 4 intervention features (Track, Learn, Coach Interactions, and Peer Support). The amount of engagement with the intervention features was calculated for the entire cohort, and the differences between providers were explored statistically.

Results

Data were available for 12,857 participants who enrolled in the NHS-digital-DPP during the data collection phase. Overall, 94.37% (12,133/12,857) of those enrolled engaged with the apps in the first 30 days. The median (IQR) number of days of use was 11 (2-25). Track features were engaged with the most (number of tracking events: median 46, IQR 3-22), and Peer Support features were the least engaged with, a median value of 0 (IQR 0-0). Differences in engagement with features were observed across providers. Qualitative findings offer explanations for the variations, including suggesting the importance of health coaches, reminders, and regular content updates to facilitate early engagement.

Conclusions

Almost all participants in the NHS-digital-DPP started using the apps. Differences across providers identified by the mixed methods analysis provide the opportunity to identify features that are important for engagement with digital health interventions and could inform the design of other digital behavior change interventions.
Non-Invasive Monitoring Techniques for Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: A Prospective Observational Study Protocol (Preprint)
Authors: Sanchez Diana M , Fernandez Laura , Farfan Ludy , Garcia Hernan Felipe , Estrada Jorge Mario , Griswold Dylan , Rubiano Andres M , Carney Nancy
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

This paper describes an observational study that aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes of implementing non-invasive monitoring techniques in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. The study will collect data on patients treated with hypertonic saline and/or surgery management and assess the relationship between non-invasive neurological variables (pupillometry and optic nerve sheath measurement) and outcome measured by the Glasgow Outcome Score Extended (GOSe). The study also aims to identify possible predictors to consider during the management of TBI patients. The authors highlight the importance of non-invasive monitoring in LMICs where invasive monitoring devices are scarce. The study is being conducted in Colombia, with a sample size of 86 patients, and is expected to be completed in September 2023. The authors declare no competing interests, and the dataset will be made available upon request.

OBJECTIVE

(1) evaluate differences in outcome measured by dichotomized GOSe in
relation to noninvasive neurological monitoring variables; (2) evaluate noninvasive monitoring
outcome (pupillometry and optic nerve) predictor variables in mild-moderate and severe TBI
patients.

METHODS

This is an observational study. Data about clinical outcomes (GOSe) and
its predictors when implementing non-invasive monitoring techniques in patients treated with
hypertonic saline and/or surgery management will be collected. A regression and latent growth
model will be established to identify correlations between predictors. Adjusted ORs will be estimated.

RESULTS

We expect to find a direct correlation between the non-invasive monitoring variables and the GOSe. We also expect to find a correlation between the intervention (surgical/medical) and the GOSe.

CONCLUSIONS

This study will serve as the first step to identifying possible predictors to be
considered during the management of TBI patients when implementing pupillometry and ONS
as non-invasive monitoring techniques.
Pro-DOBIE: A Protocol for Domain and Outcome Bias Exploration in Healthcare Machine Learning Models (Preprint)
Authors: Davis Matthew , Alekseyenko Alexander V.
Published: June 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

Understanding bias, auditing and quality control are key challenges for developing machine learning methods in healthcare.  Models that have been trained on biased data, have the potential to automate decisions that are unfair and inequitable. We propose a protocol for domain and outcome bias exploration (Pro-DOBIE) as a standard framework and reference set of techniques to evaluate performance equitably across subgroups and whether the training data are representative of novel data expected in the model application. The framework consists of three dimensions that address: (i) subgroup performance equitability; (ii) application and training data similarity; and (iii) training data grouping variable congruence.­­ We applied Pro-DOBIE to models developed on two publicly available datasets and a novel data set from MUSC describing mammogram screening uptake. These application examples demonstrate how to use Pro-DOBIE as a standard operating procedure to investigate whether and why the model, the data, or both may be biased.
The Influence of Joe Wicks on Physical Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Thematic, Location, and Social Network Analysis of X Data (Preprint)
Authors: Ahmed Wasim , Aiyenitaju Opeoluwa , Chadwick Simon , Hardey Mariann , Fenton Alex
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

 Social media (SM) was essential in promoting physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially among people confined to their homes. Joe Wicks, a fitness coach, became particularly popular on SM during this time, posting daily workouts that millions of people worldwide followed.

OBJECTIVE

 This study aims to investigate the influence of Joe Wicks on SM and the impact of his content on physical activity levels among the public.

METHODS

 We used NodeXL Pro (Social Media Research Foundation) to collect data from X (formerly Twitter) over 54 days (March 23, 2020, to May 15, 2020), corresponding to the strictest lockdowns in the United Kingdom. We collected 290,649 posts, which we analyzed using social network analysis, thematic analysis, time-series analysis, and location analysis.

RESULTS

 We found that there was significant engagement with content generated by Wicks, including reposts, likes, and comments. The most common types of posts were those that contained images, videos, and text of young people (school-aged children) undertaking physical activity by watching content created by Joe Wicks and posts from schools encouraging pupils to engage with the content. Other shared posts included those that encouraged others to join the fitness classes run by Wicks and those that contained general commentary. We also found that Wicks’ network of influence was extensive and complex. It contained numerous subcommunities and resembled a broadcast network shape. Other influencers added to engagement with Wicks via their networks. Our results show that influencers can create networks of influence that are exhibited in distinctive ways.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study found that Joe Wicks was a highly influential figure on SM during the COVID-19 pandemic and that his content positively impacted physical activity levels among the public. Our findings suggest that influencers can play an important role in promoting public health and that government officials should consider working with influencers to communicate health messages and promote healthy behaviors. Our study has broader implications beyond the status of fitness influencers. Recognizing the critical role of individuals such as Joe Wicks in terms of health capital should be a critical area of inquiry for governments, public health authorities, and policy makers and mirrors the growing interest in health capital as part of embodied and digital experiences in everyday life.
Inter-cultural Translatability Issues with Special Reference to Ancient Bhartiya Texts
Authors: Malhotra Prerna
Published: June 2023

In contemporary times, we are part of a multi-nationalistic and multi-culturalist society and citizens of a globalised world. Translation helps in being better connected and mediated with others. Translation has acquired greater significance in today’s times by providing linguistic accessibility to the market forces though much of it had been in vogue for centuries and played a creative role in the dissemination of international cultures and eventually acculturation. Translation as an old practice holds immense significance in our increasingly globalised world. It is the art of conveying meaning and messages from one language to another, allowing individuals of diverse backgrounds to connect and understand each other. Translation serves as a vital bridge between cultures, facilitating the exchange of ideas, knowledge, and experiences. Its importance lies in enabling effective communication and fostering mutual respect and appreciation for the richness and diversity of human languages and cultures. However, interculturality in translation may pose multiple issues. The terminology of one culture may not have exact equivalence in the target language. There could be more issues related to the intentions of the translator/s, their competence to deal with nuances of language, and the consequence of such fallacies caused by multiple factors. The biggest problem is that they cause a long-lasting impact on the understanding of texts, and thus, the cultural and historical facts.
Caracterización fisicoquímica y compuestos bioactivos en los frutos de pitaya (Stenocereus thurberi) de cuatro colores
Authors: Hinojosa-Gómez Jeny , Muy-Rangel María D.
Published: June 2023

En los frutos de pitaya silvestre (Stenocereus thurberi) se distinguen cuatro tipos diferentes de coloración (rojo, tinto, amarillo y anaranjado); el estudio se realizó en su estado de maduración y con base en los que presentaron estos colores, para a través de un análisis químico determinar su color, composición mineral, calidad química y nutracéutica. Los frutos tuvieron en promedio 83 % de humedad, 0.8 % de cenizas y 0.1 % de grasa. Los mayores contenidos de fibra total fueron de (38 g kg-1), SST (13.5 °Brix), glucosa (12.6 g 100 g-1), fructosa (6.1 g 100g-1), fenoles totales (1.9 mg EAG g-1) y capacidad antioxidante (ORAC, ABTS+) para el color anaranjado. Los valores altos de betacianinas (125.4 mg 100 g-1) y betaxantinas (275.1 mg 100 g-1) son valores reportados para el color tinto que también contiene un número mayor de minerales (K, Ca, Mg, Fe y Mn), seguidos de los frutos rojos con (N, Na y Cu), anaranjados (P, Zn) y amarillos (N, K). Los valores del ángulo de matiz para la pulpa en los cuatro colores de la pitaya se situaron en la región amarillenta-rojiza, revelando el color visual para cada fruto con el uso del software ColorHexa. La variabilidad en las características evaluadas estuvo influenciada por el color del fruto de pitaya.
Judicial interpreting institutionalization in criminal proceedings: European practices and Russian perspectives
Authors: Stepanova Valentina V.
Published: June 2023

The research studies the institute of court interpreting in several European countries and the prospects of forming the institute of court interpreting in Russia. It bridges the previous studies concerning professionalization of this activity into the new realia and extends into legal regulation, market, and administration. The research raises awareness of the multifaceted process of forming the institute of judicial interpreting to the benefit of civil society. The issues concerning education of interpreters participating in judicial setting, level of language proficiency, qualification, authorization of legal interpreters and translators, their status, rights and obligations, code of ethics and some others inherent to the process of institutionalization are in the focus. It also highlights the grounds and voices prospects for the development of the institute of legal interpreters in Russia. The research methods are divided into theoretical and analytical, comparative, and contrastive and methods of reasoning, evaluation and summarising allowing to balance the material according to the academic aims. The practical relevance of the work rests in unifying and harmonising legal, administrative, and professional aspects of court interpreting institutionalisation within European space.
Physician Practices in the Management of Myocardial Injury after Non-Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Selznick Asher , Wang Michael Ke , Borges Flavia , Conen David , Blum Steffen , Devereaux PJ , Marcucci Maura
Published: June 2023

Objective: To describe how physicians manage patients with myocardial injury (i.e., a troponin elevation of presumed ischemic origin) after non-cardiac surgery (MINS).
Methods: Web-based survey to physicians distributed between December 2020 and September 2021, including a case scenario of asymptomatic MINS.
Results: Of 103 respondents, 94% were practicing in Canada and 65% were general internists. 97% of respondents would order an ECG; following a normal ECG, 46% of would order an echocardiogram; following a normal echocardiogram, 42% would order myocardial perfusion imaging. Of the respondents, 91% and 90% would initiate ASA and a statin, respectively; 24%, 21%, and 7% would initiate an ACE inhibitor, a beta-blocker, and dabigatran, respectively. Most participants indicated that outpatient follow-up with a medicine specialist within 1–2 months (90%) and 1 year (68%) was appropriate.
Conclusion: Respondents generally agreed that ASA and statins should be prescribed for MINS, and that post-discharge specialist follow-up is warranted. However, opinions regarding the role of cardiac imaging varied.
RésuméObjectif: Décrire la manière dont les médecins prennent en charge les patients atteints d’une lésion myo-cardique (c’est-à-dire une élévation de la troponine d’origine ischémique présumée) à la suite d’une intervention chirurgicale non cardiaque (MINS pour myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery).
Méthodologie: Enquête en ligne menée auprès de médecins et distribuée entre décembre 2020 et septembre 2021 et comprenant un scénario de cas de MINS asymptomatique.
Résultats: Sur les 103  répondants au sondage, 94% pratiquent au Canada et 65% sont des internistes généralistes. Une proportion de 97% des répondants demanderaient un ECG; si l’ECG s’avère normal, 46% demanderaient un échocardiogramme; s’il s’avère normal, 42% demanderaient une imagerie de perfusion myocardique. Une proportion de 90 à 91% des répondants prescriraient un traitement par l’acide acétylsalicylique (ASA) ou une statine; 24% un traitement par un inhibiteur de l’enzyme de conversion de l’angioten-sine (IECA), 21% un traitement par un bêtabloquant et 7% un traitement par le dabigatran. La plupart des participants indiquent qu’il est approprié d’assurer un suivi en consultation externe par un spécialiste dans le mois ou les deux mois (90%) et un an (68%) suivant l’intervention.
Conclusion: Les répondants au sondage sont généralement d’avis que l’ASA et les statines devraient être prescrits pour la MINS et qu’il est justifié d’assurer un suivi par un spécialiste après la sortie de l’hôpital. Les avis concernant le rôle de l’imagerie cardiaque varient.
A Massive Acetaminophen Overdose with Unusual Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Katzman Benjamin , Levine Mitchell
Published: June 2023

A clinical case report demonstrates the importance of managing a massive overdose of immediate-release acetaminophen using the same approach reserved for an overdose involving an extended-release formulation because of altered pharmacokinetics.
RésuméCet article présente un rapport de cas cliniques démontrant l’importance de traiter une surdose mas-sive d’acétaminophène à libération immédiate en utilisant la même approche que celle utilisée pour traiter une surdose mettant en cause une préparation à libération prolongée en raison de la modification de la pharmacocinétique.
Exploring the Comparative Roles of a Canadian Primary Care and Tertiary Care Heart Function Clinic
Authors: Geukers Karen , Hinton Stephanie , Heckman George , Harkness Karen , Suskin Neville , Hartley Tim , Lonn Eva , Korseed Shvan , McKelvie Robert
Published: June 2023

Heart function clinics (HFCs) are a cornerstone of heart failure management, yet they remain largely integrated into tertiary care environments, with few HFCs existing in the primary care community. This study examined the roles of HFCs in each setting by exploring referral patterns, the patient populations, outcomes, provision of care, and how each clinic aligned with the Canadian Cardiovascular Society Heart Failure national quality indicators. The clinical characteristics of patients at both sites revealed a high level of disease comorbidity and complexity, although referral and discharge patterns differed markedly. Both sites reasonably achieved quality patient care. There are unique roles for HFCs in each setting, which supports the further creation of specialized heart failure centres within the community in alignment with the proposed spokehub-node integrated care model.
RésuméLes cliniques de la fonction cardiaque constituent la pierre angulaire de la prise en charge de l’insuffisance cardiaque, mais elles demeurent en grande partie intégrées dans les milieux de soins tertiaires, quelques-unes seulement se trouvant dans les milieux de soins primaires. Cette étude examine les rôles des cliniques de la fonction cardiaque dans chacun de ces milieux en explorant les modes d’orientation des patients, les populations de patients, les résultats, la prestation des soins et la conformité de chaque clinique aux indicateurs de qualité nationaux de la Société canadienne de cardiologie en matière d’insuffisance cardiaque. Dans les deux milieux, les caractéristiques cliniques des patients révèlent un degré élevé d’affections comorbides et de complexité de la maladie, bien que les modes d’orientation et de sortie de l’hôpital soient très différents. La presta-tion des soins est de qualité satisfaisante dans les deux milieux. De toute évidence, les cliniques de la fonction cardiaque ont un rôle unique à jouer dans chaque milieu, ce qui justifie la création de centres spécialisés en insuffisance cardiaque dans la collectivité selon le modèle en étoile (spokehub-node) de soins intégrés proposé.
Lenalidomide-Associated Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
Authors: Wang Michael , Jevtic Stefan , Rebello Ryan , Komorowski Adam
Published: June 2023

A man in his 80s with IgG kappa and free light chain multiple myeloma was admitted to hospital with several weeks’ history of falls and cognitive decline. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated bilateral lesions in the corona radiata, centrum semiovale, and corpus callosum. The suspicion for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy was raised due to his ongoing use of lenalidomide for multiple myeloma. A diagnostic lumbar puncture was performed, and polymerase chain reaction testing of his cerebral spinal fluid was positive for John Cunningham Virus. The patient was diagnosed with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and lenalidomide was stopped in consultation with his hematologist. The patient died three weeks after the diagnosis was established. Physicians should consider the diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients presenting with rapid cognitive decline and chronic use of immunosuppressive medications such as lenalidomide.
Résumé
Un octogénaire atteint d’un myélome multiple à chaînes légères libres et à IgG kappa est hospitalisé pour cause de chutes et d’un déclin cognitif observés depuis plusieurs semaines. Une IRM cérébrale révèle des lésions bilatérales dans la couronne rayonnante, le centre ovale de Vieussens et le corps calleux. On soupçonne la présence d’une leucoencéphalopathie multifocale progressive en raison de la prise continue de lénalidomide pour traiter le myélome multiple. Une ponction lombaire diagnostique est alors réalisée, et l’analyse par amplification en chaîne par polymérase (PCR) du liquide céphalorachidien révèle la présence du virus John Cunningham. Une leucoencéphalopathie multifocale progressive est donc diagnostiquée chez le patient, et la prise de lénalidomide est arrêtée en consultation avec son hématologue. Le patient est décédé trois semaines après l’établissement du diagnostic. Les médecins devraient envisager le diagnostic de leucoencéphalopathie multifocale progressive chez les patients présentant un déclin cognitif rapide et qui prennent des immunosuppresseurs, comme le lénalidomide, de façon chronique.
Utilizing lesson study in teaching synthetic division for procedural fluency in a post-pandemic classroom
Authors: Agsalon Jessa Christine Dedal , Anore Joy Meribeles , Salinas Hanna Arnedo , Dipasupil Princess Pera , Lapinid Minie Rose Caramoan
Published: June 2023

Rigid planning, implementation, and evaluation of the learning activities has proved crucial in reflective teaching practice, especially in collaboration through a lesson study. This study was conducted in the Philippine post-pandemic context with the aim of using lesson study to improve lesson delivery in a HyFlex classroom setup in teaching synthetic division for procedural fluency. Participants included four collaborating full-time teachers and an intact class of twenty-two online and seventeen in-person learners. Research instruments were a self-assessment tool, classroom observation, and a focus group discussion. Most students could perform synthetic division but some failed to achieve procedural fluency due to poor prior knowledge in performing operations on real numbers and arranging terms in descending order of degree, and inadequate understanding of the concepts behind the algorithm. These findings underscore the importance of striking a balance between procedural fluency and conceptual understanding in a lesson. The challenges in conducting lesson study were difficulty in scheduling and conducting online meetings. The challenges in implementing the research lesson were intermittent and weak internet connection, HyFlex learning classroom management, and getting students to express their mathematical ideas. On the basis of these findings, the research lesson is then revised and improved for future implementation.
Prediction of corporate financial distress in the travel and tourism industry
Authors: Nagendrakumar Nagalingam , Alwis Kalubowilage Navodya Nilupulee , Eshani Udage Arachchige Kaveesha , Kaushalya Seekku Baduge Ushani
Published: June 2023

Currently, most countries in the world endure financial distress due to the ongoing economic crisis. Thus, financial distress prediction (FDP) has become vital in speculating the business continuity for the corporate world. In the context of Sri Lanka, the travel and tourism industry has been highly exposed to political, economic and climate (weather) shocks, as well as being sensitive to the impacts of COVID-19. Along with those shakes the recent economic crisis and the need for FDP led the researchers to empirically investigate the discrimination zones, i.e., distress zone, grey zone, and safe zone of the travel and tourism industry in developed and developing countries. This study adopted Altman’s (1968) original Z-score model for data analysis. This research is based on secondary data from annual reports of 138 listed travel and tourism companies listed on the stock exchanges of developed and developing countries: the USA, Australia, Singapore, South Africa, Malaysia, and Sri Lanka during the five-years period (2016–2020). The purposive sampling method is used to obtain the secondary data for the study. The finding revealed that 96.38% of travel and tourism companies are in the distress zone, 2.90% grey zone, and 0.72% safe zone in developed and developing countries. This study recommends all the travel and tourism companies in developed and developing countries maintain enough retained earnings to avoid corporate failure. This study is significant since it evidences the FDP and signals the global economic depression.
The use of a mobile obstetric emergency system (MORES) to improve obstetric referrals in Bong County, Liberia: a pre/post-intervention descriptive study
Authors: Lee HaEun , Dahn Bernice , Sieka Joseph , Nyanplu Aloysius , Reynolds Christopher W. , Edson Claire , Lockhart Nancy , Lori Jody
Published: June 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the association
between the implementation of a mobile obstetric emergency system
(MORES) and referral time for obstetric emergencies as well as
maternal/newborn outcomes. Design: Pre/post intervention descriptive
study. Setting: Liberia’s caesarean section (CS) coverage is about 5%,
lower than 9-19% coverage associated with decreased maternal mortality.
Delays in the referral process from a rural health facility (RHF) to a
district hospital for comprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn care
(CEmONC) services such as CS contribute to the high maternal mortality.
Sample: Women with referral data from both RHFs (n=20) and hospitals
(n=2) within Bong County, Liberia. Methods: A pre/post descriptive
analysis was conducted on data collected from RHFs and two hospitals in
Bong County, Liberia. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression
models examined the relationship between the intervention’s
implementation and mode of delivery, maternal outcome, newborn outcome,
and transfer time from RHF to district hospital. Main outcome measures:
Mode of delivery, maternal outcome, newborn outcome, and transfer time.
Results: Women had higher odds of undergoing a CS at endline (OR: 1.86
95%; CI: 0.99- 3.46) compared to baseline. Additionally, newborns had
lower odds of showing depressive symptoms (OR: 0.31; 95%CI: 0.14-0.68),
defined as a non-vigorous newborn with poor respiratory effort, muscle
tone or heart rate <100 beats per minute. Conclusion: MORES is
a promising means to increase timely care seeking along the referral
pathway which may enhance access to caesarean section as well as
improved newborn outcomes in low- and middle-income countries.
Expansion microscopy of apicomplexan parasites
Authors: Liffner Benjamin , Absalon Sabrina
Published: June 2023

Apicomplexan parasites comprise significant pathogens of humans,
livestock, and wildlife, but also represent a diverse group of
eukaryotes with interesting and unique cell biology. Study of cell
biology in apicomplexan parasites is complicated by their small size,
and historically this has required the application of cutting-edge
microscopy techniques to investigate fundamental processes like mitosis
or cell division in these organisms. Recently, a technique called
expansion microscopy has been developed, which rather than increasing
instrument resolution like most imaging modalities, physically expands a
biological sample >4-fold. In only a few years since its
development, a derivative of expansion microscopy known as
ultrastructure-expansion microscopy (U-ExM) has been widely adopted and
proven extremely useful for studying cell biology of Apicomplexa. Here
we review the insights into apicomplexan cell biology that have been
enabled through the use of U-ExM, with a specific focus on
Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, and Cryptosporidium.
Further, we summarise emerging expansion microscopy modifications and
modalities and forecast how these may influence the field of parasite
cell biology in future.