bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of serum parameters to predict the dietary intake of calcium and available phosphorus in growing pigs
Authors: Vötterl Julia C , Klinsoda Jutamat , Hennig-Pauka Isabel , Verhovsek Doris , Metzler-Zebeli Barbara U
Published: March 2021

Adequate provision of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) is essential for bone formation and high growth performance in pigs. Nevertheless, reliable serum biomarkers for pig’s Ca and P intake are still missing. Here, we used phytase supplementation to alter the dietary available P (aP) level in order to investigate the effect of differences in dietary aP levels on serum parameters related to the Ca and P homeostasis in pigs. Moreover, we assessed whether serum parameters can be used to predict the Ca, total P (tP), and aP intake in barrows and gilts throughout the fattening period. In total, 216 pigs (115 gilts and 101 barrows) were randomly allotted to one of the two diets in three replicate batches, each lasting 56 d (n = 108/diet). Pigs had free access to the diets without (Con) or with phytase (Phy; 650 phytase units/kg) via a transponder-based feeding system. Blood samples were collected on days 2, 23, and 52, and serum parameters were correlated with the daily Ca, tP, and aP intake. The intake of tP, aP, and Ca was overall 14.2%, 13.8%, and 14.2% higher in barrows compared with gilts, respectively (P < 0.001). Concurrently, phytase decreased the intake of tP and Ca by 8.4% and 6.7%, respectively, whereas it raised the intake of aP by 16.3% compared with the Con diet (P < 0.001). Serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 23, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), vitamin D (VitD), and osteocalcin (OCN) decreased with age (P < 0.05). The higher aP intake of pigs fed the Phy diet increased serum P on days 2 and 23 but decreased it on day 52 compared with the Con diet (P = 0.004). Pigs fed the Phy diet had higher serum ALP compared with pigs fed the Con diet on days 23 and 52 (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis between serum parameters and Ca, tP, and aP intake showed age- and sex-related associations. With 12 wk of age, serum P in both sexes, serum VitD in barrows, and serum OCN and ALP in gilts correlated with aP intake (|r| > 0.38), whereas serum OCN correlated with Ca in both sexes’ intake (r > 0.50). At 20 wk, serum Ca and ALP in gilts correlated with aP intake, whereas serum P, Ca, and VitD correlated with Ca intake in both sexes (|r| > 0.39). In conclusion, the present results showed that the daily Ca and aP intake could be most reliably estimated from serum parameters for an approximate age of 12 and 20 wk. Serum P and the Ca:P ratio at 12 wk of age and serum VitD at 20 wk of age may be used to predict pig’s daily aP intake in both sexes.
Peanut Disease Epidemiology Under Dynamic Microclimate Conditions and Management Practices in North Florida
Authors: Barocco Rebecca L. , Sanjel Santosh , Dufault Nicholas S. , Barrett Charles , Broughton Benjamin , Wright David L. , Small Ian M.
Published: March 2021

Diverse field characteristics, weather patterns, and management practices can result in variable microclimates. The objective of this study was to relate in-field microclimate conditions with peanut diseases and yield and determine the effect of irrigation and fungicides within these environments. Irrigation did not have a major impact on disease and yield. Stem rot (Athelia rolfsii) and early (Passalora arachidicola) and late (Nothopassalora personata) leaf spot were most affected by changes in environmental patterns across seasons. Average nontreated stem rot was 12.9% in 2017, which dropped considerably in 2018 (0.2%) but emerged again in 2019 (3.2%). Stem rot incidence varied across the field, and the response to fungicides depended on management zone. Leaf spot defoliation in nontreated plots was severe in 2019, reaching an average of 73% at 126 days after planting, but only reached 15% in 2017 and 35% in 2019 at the same stage. A low-input fungicide schedule was able to reduce foliar disease in all zones and seasons but the microclimatic conditions in the low-lying area favored leaf spot in 2017 and 2018, although not in the dryer 2019 season. Seasonal differences in disease and plant growth affected the level of protection against average yield loss using a standard low-input program, which was not as great in 2017 (527 kg/ha) as in 2018 (2,235 kg/ha) or 2019 (1,763 kg/ha). Disease prediction models built on dynamic environmental factors in the context of multiple pathogens and natural field conditions could be developed to improve within-season management decisions for more efficient fungicide inputs.
Characterization of Superoxide Dismutase from the Potato Cyst Nematode, Globodera pallida
Authors: Solo Nejra , Kud Joanna , Dandurand Louise-Marie , Caplan Allan , Kuhl Joseph C. , Xiao Fangming
Published: March 2021

Potato cyst nematodes (PCNs), such as Globodera pallida and Globodera rostochiensis, are some of the most agriculturally and economically important pests of potato. Upon nematode infection, a principal component of plant defense is the generation of the reactive oxygen species (ROSs). ROSs are highly toxic molecules that cause damage to pathogens and host alike. To infect the plant, nematodes protect themselves from ROSs by activating their own antioxidant processes and ROS scavenging enzymes. One of these enzymes is a superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), which prevents cellular damage by catalyzing conversion of the superoxide radical (O2−·) to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and molecular oxygen (O2). We have isolated a putatively secreted isoform of a Cu–Zn SOD (SOD-3) from G. pallida and localized the expression of this gene in the posterior region of the nematode. Furthermore, we studied the expression of the SOD-3 gene during early parasitic stages of infection (24 to 72 h) in the susceptible potato cultivar Desiree, the resistant potato cultivar Innovator, and an immune host, Solanum sisymbriifolium. The SOD-3 gene was significantly upregulated, regardless of the host type; however, the expression pattern differed between the susceptible and the resistant or immune hosts. This finding suggests that SOD-3 gene is responding to infection in plant roots differently depending on whether the nematode is experiencing a compatible or an incompatible interaction.
New Adjuvant Drug for Lung Cancer
Authors: Aschenbrenner Diane S.
Published: March 2021

A new adjuvant treatment, osimertinib (Tagrisso), has been approved for patients with non–small cell lung cancer whose tumors have certain mutations.

The most common adverse effects of treatment are leukopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, diarrhea, anemia, rash, musculoskeletal pain, nail toxicity, neutropenia, dry skin, stomatitis, fatigue, and cough.
Cable Tie Dynamic Wound Closure: Alternative Technique for Secondary Wound Closure
Authors: Singh Simmrat , Ch’ng Hwei Choo , Haseeb Amber , Chin Aun Low , Draman Mohd. Rusdi
Published: March 2021

Background:

Wound closure by secondary intention has always been a norm in clinical practice for large infected wounds at our institution. The aim is to prevent recurrent infection while waiting for wound closure. This study investigates the use of cable tie for dynamic wound closure in infected wounds to accelerate healing process as an alternative technique.

Materials and Methods:

Ten patients with infected wounds were recruited. The time to wound closure, complications, length, and cost of treatment were evaluated over 4 to 6 weeks.

Result:

All infected wounds were closed within 9.9 days with no documented complications.

Conclusion:

Cable tie used for dynamic wound closure in infected wounds is cheap and an effective alternative to wound healing by secondary intention.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV.
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in a Pediatric COVID-19 Patient
Authors: Korkmazer Bora , Ozogul Murat , Hikmat Emil , Kilic Huseyin , Aygun Fatih , Arslan Serdar , Kizilkilic Osman , Kocer Naci
Published: March 2021

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 is a viral infectious disease which commonly involve the lungs with primarily radiologic manifestations of atypical or organizing pneumonia. It can cause multisystemic involvement including central nervous system symptoms. One of these neurologic manifestations is posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). It is suggested that the increased levels of cytokines and inflammatory mediators in the course of the disease are responsible for cerebrovascular endothelial dysfunction and disruption of the blood-brain barrier. To the best of our knowledge, no pediatric PRES has been reported related to coronavirus disease 2019. Here, we present a pediatric PRES case associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.
The elastic stable intramedullary nails as an alternative treatment for adult humeral shaft fractures
Authors: Tarng Yih-Wen , Lin Kai-Cheng , Chen Cheng-Fong , Yang Meng-Yin , Chien Yueh
Published: March 2021

Background:

Plate and locked intramedullary nailing for humeral fractures are golden standard procedure, but the humerus is a nonweight-bearing bone and can tolerate a larger range of acceptable alignment. We believe the elastic stable intramedullary nails (ESINs) can provide enough relative stability for humeral shaft fractures in certain adult patients.

Methods:

There are four new indications for using ESINs: (1) patient could not tolerate a sugar-tong splint but was a high risk for general anesthesia, (2) intramedullary canal narrowing (<7 mm), (3) long spiral or oblique fracture over the metadiaphyseal junction, and (4) obesity. All patients received retrograde fixation with two titanium elastic nails, except for one patient with a long spiral fracture over the proximal metadiaphysis. Patients had routine follow-up plain radiographs until bone union, and we evaluated functional results of patients by Mayo Elbow Performance Score and asked to complete Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score at the last outpatient clinic visit.

Results:

A total of 16 patients with a mean age of 54.4 years were included. The mean follow-up time was 14 ± 2.5 months, and the average time to bone union was 16 ± 4.3 weeks. There were no wound infections, loss of reduction, fracture nonunion, implant failure, or skin irritation expect for one nail back-out because of osteoporosis.

Conclusion:

We have reported good results using ESINs for the displaced fractures of the humerus in the four indication adults who would not be able to tolerate plate fixation or intramedullary nailing. The ESINs fixation method is a simple procedure that provides a small incision, minimal blood loss, short surgical time, and relative stability fixation.
SARS-Cov-2: The Relevance and Prevention of Aerosol Transmission
Authors: van der Valk Johanna P.M. , in ’t Veen Johannes C.C.M.
Published: March 2021

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2), has claimed many victims worldwide due to its high virulence and contagiousness.

The person-to-person transmission of SARS-Cov-2 when in close contact is facilitated by respiratory droplets containing the virus particles, and by skin contact with contaminated surfaces. However, the large number of COVID-19 infections cannot be explained only by droplet deposition or contact contamination. It seems very plausible that aerosols are important in transmitting SARS-Cov-2. It has been demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 remains viable in aerosols for hours, facilitating rapid distribution of the virus over great distances. Aerosols may, therefore, also be responsible for so-called super-spreader events.

Indirect evidence points to a correlation between ventilation and the transmission and spread of SARS-Cov-2, supporting ventilation as an important factor in preventing airborne transmission. Further actions to avoid transmission of COVID-19 include social distancing, hygiene measures, and barrier measures, such as face-coverings. Professional masks offer better protection than cloth masks.

These protection measures are especially relevant to health care workers, when performing endotracheal intubation, but the risk from non-invasive ventilation and nebulizing treatment seems to be moderate.
Capacity Limitations and Workplace Problems in Patients With Mental Disorders
Authors: Muschalla Beate , Linden Michael
Published: March 2021

Objectives:

According to the bio-psycho-social health model of the WHO, chronic illness should not only be described at the level of symptoms, but in respect to capacity limitations.

Methods:

Patients with common mental disorders (N = 1143, n = 808 employed, n = 581 workplace problems) were investigated concerning their self-rated capacities (Mini-ICF-APP-S).

Results:

Employed patients reported better capacities than unemployed patients. Among the employed patients, those without workplace problems reported better capacities than those with workplace-problems. Different types of workplace-problems were related with specific capacity levels, for example, problems with bullying or conflicts were associated with lower interactional capacities (assertiveness, group integration, dyadic relations), whereas patients with over-taxation problems perceived lower levels of flexibility, competency, structuring of tasks, proactivity and endurance.

Conclusions:

The capacity self-rating Mini-ICF-APP-S can depict differentiated capacity profiles that may be indicative for specific types of workplace problems.
Performance Evaluation of Coupling Variants for an Active Middle Ear Implant Actuator: Output, Conductive Losses, and Stability of Coupling With Ambient Pressure Changes
Authors: Gamm Ute A. , Prenzler Nils K. , Timm Max E. , Lenarz Thomas , Maier Hannes
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

This study aims to investigate the performance of an active middle ear implant actuator for various coupling configurations. Actuator output and conductive losses were measured, and the stability of coupling was evaluated by challenging the link between actuator and ossicles through pressure events in magnitudes that occur in daily life.

Methods:

Actuator coupling efficiency and the occurrence of conductive losses were measured in 10 temporal bones through laser Doppler vibrometry on the stapes footplate for various coupling types (incus short process with and without laser hole, incus long process, stapes head). To test the stability of coupling, actuator output was measured before and after daily-life pressure events that were simulated; Valsalva maneuvers (500 cycles of −40 to +60 hPa) and jumping into a swimming pool and diving 3 m deep (a step change of 300 hPa).

Results:

Actuator output was similarly high for all types of coupling to the incus (short process and long process) and most efficient for coupling to the stapes head. Conductive losses occurred in two temporal bones (TBs) for short process coupling but for seven TBs for coupling to the incus long process. All coupling types were stable and did not lose efficiency after pressure events in the low-frequency range (<1 kHz). Losses in output of 13 to 24 dB were observed in one TB at frequencies from 3 to 6 kHz.

Conclusion:

Actuator output was similarly high for all types of coupling to the incus but coupling to the incus long process led to a higher occurrence of conductive losses. All three coupling configurations connected the actuator securely to the ossicular chain, under variations of barometric pressure that can be expected in daily life.
Variation in Canalith Repositioning Procedure Use Among Medicare Beneficiaries: Understanding the Role of Geographic Region and Provider Specialty
Authors: Zuniga Steven A. , Marmor Schelomo , Adams Meredith E.
Published: March 2021

Objective:

Clinical practice guidelines recommend canalith repositioning procedures (CRPs) for the management of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). As only 10 to 20% of affected individuals receive CRPs, there is concern for guideline adherence and knowledge dissemination to relevant medical specialties. This study aimed to characterize patterns of CRP utilization over time, across all United States regions, and by provider specialty.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional analysis with time trends of CRP claims in the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Service Provider Utilization and Payment database, 2012 to 2017.

Setting:

National administrative claims data.

Patients:

Fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries.

Interventions:

Canalith repositioning procedures.

Main Outcome Measures:

CRP utilization was analyzed by year, hospital referral region (HRR), and provider specialty.

Results:

From 2012 to 2017, 253,894 CRPs were performed on 146,139 Medicare beneficiaries and CRP utilization increased 80%. CRP use varied widely by geographic region. In 2017, CRP use per 100,000 beneficiaries varied 113-fold across HRRs (range, 6.0–701.8, interquartile range, 68.4, extremal ratio, 116.9). Most CRPs were performed by otolaryngologists (50.9%) and physical therapists (34.3%) with few by primary care providers (1.3%).

Conclusions:

CRP utilization increased substantially suggesting improved dissemination and implementation of BPPV management guidelines. Nevertheless, wide geographic and provider-level variation remained, signifying non-uniform provider practices and access to care. Care for BPPV may thus be improved through education and incentivization of a broader range of providers.
Formations of Host Fibers and Bacteria in Human Temporal Bones With Otitis Media
Authors: Tsuprun Vladimir , Shibata Dai , Paparella Michael M. , Cureoglu Sebahattin
Published: March 2021

Hypothesis:

In temporal bones with otitis media, fibrin and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) form a fibrous network with bacteria, which is involved in growth of bacterial clusters/biofilms and chronicity of disease.

Background:

NETs and fibrin are important in host defense against pathogens; however, their role in otitis media is not well understood.

Methods:

Eight human temporal bones with serous otitis media, 30 with serous-purulent otitis media, 7 with mucoid otitis media, 23 with mucoid-purulent otitis media (OM), 30 with purulent OM, and 30 with chronic otitis media were selected based on histopathologic findings. Fibrous material with bacteria was detected with hematoxylin-eosin, Gram-Weigert, and propidium iodide stains; and its composition was analyzed with immunohistochemistry.

Results:

Extensive formations of fibrous material with bacteria were observed in 30% of temporal bones with serous-purulent otitis media, 29% with mucoid otitis media, 50% with mucoid-purulent OM, 57% with purulent OM, and 67% of temporal bones with histological evidence of chronic otitis media. Some of these formations showed large bacterial clusters or biofilms. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that fibrous structures were composed of fibrin or NETs.

Conclusions:

Formations of fibrous material with bacteria were detected in human temporal bones with different types of otitis media. Inflammatory cells were observed mostly in areas with low presence of fibrous structures. The network of fibrous material seems to prevent clearance of bacteria by phagocytic cells and thus influences growth of bacterial clusters or biofilms. Fibrin and NETs may be important for the recurrences and chronicity of disease, and contribute to clogging of tympanostomy tubes in children.
Spontaneous Tegmen Tympani Dehiscence: Causes and Treatment of Conductive Hearing Loss
Authors: Heywood Rebecca L. , Goderie Thadé , Atlas Marcus D.
Published: March 2021

Objective:

Conductive hearing loss (CHL) commonly arises in patients with spontaneous dehiscence of the tegmen of the temporal bone with meningoencephalocele (SME). The aim of this study was to further investigate 1) the potential mechanisms for CHL in this setting; 2) hearing outcomes following surgery to address SME, and 3) the possible causes of persistent CHL following surgery.

Study Design:

Retrospective case review.

Setting:

Tertiary referral center.

Patients and Intervention:

Seven patients (six female; nine ears) who underwent middle cranial fossa repair of SME and were found to have a tegmen tympani dehiscence from October 2010 to September 2014 were included in the study.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Pre- and postoperative pure-tone audiometry.

Results:

Eight of nine ears (89%) had audiometric hearing loss at presentation. Seven ears (78%) had an air bone gap of ≥15 dB; all of these had an encephalocele traversing the tegmen tympani defect, four had a middle ear effusion, and three had a simultaneous superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCCD). The CHL resolved postoperatively in four of seven ears. Two of the three ears with persistent CHL had SSCCD. Attic ossicular fixation was identified in the other patient and the CHL resolved after ossiculoplasty.

Conclusions:

CHL associated with SME can be attributed preoperatively to ossicular chain fixation and synchronous SSCCD as well as the more commonly cited cerebrospinal fluid effusion and prolapse of meningoencephalocele onto the ossicular chain. Persistent postoperative CHL can also occur due to SSCCD and ossicular fixation by adhesions.
In Vivo Measurements of Middle Ear Temperature During Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery
Authors: Beláková Petra , Salzman Richard , Hyravý Martin , Heřman Jan
Published: March 2021

Objective:

The light emitted from the endoscope during transcanal endoscopic ear surgery (TEES) heats the intratympanic space. This heat may potentially be dangerous to nearby important structures, as documented by in vitro and by animal and cadaveric studies. The aim of our work was to monitor middle ear temperatures during TEES in vivo.

Study Design:

Cohort study.

Setting:

Tertiary referral hospital.

Patients:

Four patients (15–69 yrs old) underwent transcanal endoscopic tympanoplasties for chronic perforation or retraction.

Intervention:

After elevating the tympanomeatal flap, a thermocouple was placed in the middle ear to measure the heat generated by a 30° Hopkins rod telescope (11 cm long, 2.7 mm wide) and fiberoptic light emitting diode light source.

Main Outcome Measures:

Middle ear temperature in the retrotympanum was monitored under these conditions: at 50 and 100% light intensity, after removing and wiping the endoscope tip, during suctioning and following middle ear irrigation.

Results:

Maximum middle ear temperature ranged from 36.26–37.30°C. Pulling out and wiping the endoscope caused no change or minimal decrease of 0.16°C. Middle ear irrigation caused a temperature drop of 2.05°C to 5.11°C. Suctioning was associated with a drop from 0.24°C to 3.91°C that was dependent on the depth of the endoscopic tip.

Conclusion:

Middle ear temperatures during TEES using a Hopkins rod telescope and light-emitting diode light source reach values corresponding to physiological body temperature, and do not reach dangerous levels.
The possibility of use of the ketogenic diet and medium chain triglycerides supplementation in the support therapy of Alzheimer disease
Authors: Włodarek Dariusz
Published: March 2021

Purpose of review

Diet-induced ketosis has a fasting-like effect and brings the body to increase the production of ketone bodies (KB). Works over the last decades have provided evidence of the therapeutic potential of the ketogenic diet (KD). This review focus on mainly clinical research on the effectiveness of the KD and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) supplementation in ameliorating the severity of symptoms in Alzheimer disease (AD).

Recent findings

A limited number of clinical studies (short-time and with a small number of participants) evaluated the role of the KD and MCT supplementation in AD as a potential dietary intervention in the therapy of this disease. These studies report that the application of KD or/and MCT supplements to older people reduces symptoms of AD. MCT supplements allow achieving an increased level of KBs in the blood even with a greater supply of carbohydrates in the diet and without any drastic changes in the habitual diet of patients.

The recent literature highlights the potential benefit of using diet-induced ketosis as an additional element of therapy in AD. Since persons with AD are at risk of malnutrition, the use of KD raises certain concerns due to side effects, especially for long periods of time. MCT supplements to obtain similar clinical results without the need for drastic changes in the diet of patients.
Comparative risk for intracranial hemorrhage related to new oral anticoagulants
Authors: Ma Tao , Liu Chunbo , Jiang Tianwei , Qin Huaping , Wu Ruhong , Zhou Peng
Published: March 2021

Background:

The intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) risk of oral anticoagulants/non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) remains largely unknown. Patients who need oral anticoagulants such as aspirin or warfarin often suffer from obvious complications.

Methods:

This network meta-analysis intended to assess the ICH risk in patients taking NOACs. The data from PubMed, the Cochrane database, and Embase were reviewed. All phase III randomized controlled trials of NOACs (apixaban, edoxaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban), aspirin and warfarin were reviewed.

Results:

Twenty-three trials involving 137,713 participants were included, involving 6 regimens. Warfarin had the first risk of ICH (surface under the cumulative ranking area: 0.82), followed by dabigatran, edoxaban, aspirin, apixaban, rivaroxaban, and placebo. Dabigatran had the lowest risk of all-cause mortality (surface under the cumulative ranking area: 0.63), followed by apixaban, edoxaban, warfarin, rivaroxaban, aspirin, and placebo.

Conclusion:

Warfarin significantly increased the risk of ICH in patients taking oral anticoagulants compared with 4 NOACs (dabigatran, edoxaban, apixaban, rivaroxaban) and aspirin. Apixaban is least likely to induce all-cause mortality.
Association of TNIP1 polymorphisms with hepatocellular carcinoma in a Northwest Chinese Han population
Authors: Shi Yuting , Zhang Lihua , Bao Yang , Wu Pengfei , Zhang Xiaoli
Published: March 2021

Study has demonstrated that TNIP1 polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of HBV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between polymorphisms in TNIP1 and HCC risk in a Northwest Chinese Han population.

A case–control study was conducted including 473 Hepatocellular carcinoma patients and 564 healthy controls. Three SNPs (rs3792792, rs7708392, and rs10036748) were genotyped with Sequenom MassARRAY technology and their associations with HCC risk were analyzed. These data were evaluated using the Chi-square test/Fisher's exact test, genetic model analysis, and haplotype analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the association.

Patients with the “G” allele of TNIP1 rs7708392 showed a significantly increased risk of HCC (OR = 1.24, 95%CI: 1.01–1.52, P = .042). Significant association was also shown between TNIP1 rs7708392 and HCC susceptibility in Additive model (OR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.01–1.54; P = .040). Besides, we also found that the “GC” haplotype of rs7708392 and rs10036748 was significantly associated with higher occurrence of HCC (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.01–1.54, P = .039).

These results demonstrate that TNIP1 polymorphisms are associated with increased HCC risk in a Northwest Chinese Han population for the first time, which warrants further investigation in the future.
Efficacy and safety of postural intervention on prevention of deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity in postpartum women with pregnancy-induced hypertension
Authors: Chen Jie , Guo Lijuan , Li Shuangxi , Shi Yuqin
Published: March 2021

Background:

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a relatively serious complication commonly seen in pregnant women, especially parturients with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), whose incidence of DVT is higher. Because it can lead to pulmonary embolism (PE) and endanger the lives of patients, it has been paid much attention in clinic. Nursing plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of DVT. Early posture intervention can prevent postpartum DVT in hypertensive pregnant women, which has certain clinical value, but there is no evidence of evidence-based medicine. This study aims to systematically study the effectiveness and safety of postural intervention on prevention of deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity in postpartum women with PIH.

Methods:

Use the computer to retrieve the English databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library) and the Chinese databases (China Knowledge Network, Wanfang, Weipu, China Biomedical Database), in addition to the manual retrieval of Baidu academic, Google academic, from the construction of database to December 2020, for randomized controlled clinical studies of postural intervention on prevention of deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity in postpartum women with PIH. Two researchers independently extracted the data and evaluated the quality of the included research, and used RevMan5.3 software to do meta-analyze of the included literature.

Results:

This study assessed the efficacy and safety of potential intervention on prevention of deep venous thrombosis of lower extremities with lower extremity hypertension by mean velocity of femoral venous flow in the lower extremities, lower extremity skin status, swelling level, and pain condition, lower extremity deep venous thrombosis rate, and incidence of pulmonary embolism.

Conclusion:

This study will provide reliable evidence-based evidence for the clinical application of postural intervention on prevention of deep venous of lower extremity in Postpartum women with PIH.

OSF Registration number:

DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/4NPKW.
Acupoint injection in improving pain and joint function of knee osteoarthritis patients
Authors: Wang Houyi , Sun Jinxu , Yu Xiuying , He Yong
Published: March 2021

Background:

Knee osteoarthritis is a common chronic progressive disease, which seriously affects the quality of life of the middle-aged and elderly, and even leads to disability. More and more evidence shows that acupoint injection is beneficial to the clinical treatment of knee osteoarthritis, but there are differences in the efficacy of different acupoints and injection drugs, and there is no systematic review to assess this therapy at present. The purpose of this study is to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupoint injection in improving pain and joint function in patients with knee osteoathrosis.

Methods:

According to the retrieval strategy, we will search from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Chinese Biomedical Science, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials of acupoint injection in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis from the establishment of the database to February 2021. The study will be screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the Cochrane risk bias assessment tool will be used to evaluate the quality of the study. Revman 5.4 software is used for meta-analysis.

Results:

This study will evaluate the efficacy of acupoint injection in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis by evaluating the total effective rate, the degree of pain relief, joint function score, adverse reactions, and so on.

Conclusion:

This study will provide reliable evidence-based basis for the clinical application of acupoint injection in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.

Ethics and dissemination

Private information from individuals will not be published. This systematic review also does not involve endangering participant rights. Ethical approval will not be required. The results may be published in a peer-reviewed journal or disseminated at relevant conferences.

OSF Registration number—doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/M5FTK.
Potentially inappropriate prescriptions to Brazilian older people with Alzheimer disease
Authors: Ferreira Tânia Regina , Lopes Luciane Cruz , Motter Fabiane Raquel , de Cássia Bergamaschi Cristiane
Published: March 2021

Older adults are the leading users of medications, where this can be associated with a high number of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) and of potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) and consequent harm to health. No Brazilian study evaluating potentially inappropriate prescribing in older patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) was found. This study determined and analyzed the prevalence of PIP and PIM prescribed for older people with AD.

A cross-sectional study was carried out at the Specialty Drugs Pharmacy in the city of Sorocaba, São Paulo State, Brazil. The MEDEX system provided the register in older people with AD and data were collected during interviews with patients and/or caregivers between June and September 2017. The PIMs were identified according to the 2019 Beers Criteria. The association between PIMs and independent variables was analyzed by Poisson regression.

This study included 234 older patients with AD. The prevalence of PIP prescribed was 66.7% (n = 156). Of the 1073 medications prescribed, 30.5% (n = 327) were inappropriate with most affecting the central nervous system or cardiovascular, particularly quetiapine (12.8%) and acetylsalicylic acid (11.6%), respectively. Around 45.2% of the PIMs should be avoided in older people, especially sertraline (14.2%) and clonazepam (7.4%). After adjusted analysis, the PIMs were associated with the diagnosis of depression (P = 0.010) and the number of comorbidities (P = 0.005).

There was a high number of PIMs among older people, a substantial number of which should have been avoided in this population. Health care professionals can apply these findings to improve safety in the use of medications for treating patients with AD.
Body mass index combined with waist circumference can predict moderate chronic kidney disease
Authors: Cai Hong , Zhan Yaping , Lu Jiayue , Zhu Minxia , Liu Shang , Mei Jiuhong , Zhang Pu , Liu Ronghui , Ni Zhaohui , Zhang Weiming , Xu Gaojie
Published: March 2021

Overweight and obesity may be associated with poor clinical outcome, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, whether body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist circumference (WC) are related to CKD is yet to be elucidated.

A total of 7593 adults were divided into 4 groups based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) quartile. The eGFR was calculated with the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration. Multiple linear regression analyzed the association between eGFR and WHR, BMI, and WC. Logistic regression analysis determined whether the CKD patients were associated with WHR, BMI, and WC after adjusting for other variables.

The mean age of the cohort was 72.34 ± 7.30 years. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that WC (P = .006) was associated with eGFR, although adjusted by lifestyle factor and biochemical indicators. The individuals in the underweight, overweight, and obese groups had significantly lower eGFR value than those in the healthy weight group in moderate CKD. The eGFR in the overweight group with WHR ≤0.894 was higher than in the healthy weight group with WHR >0.894 group (P = .036). Overweight with WHR ≤0.894 group had a longer WC with a pronounced increase in the hip circumference. Logistic regression analysis showed that the WC (OR = 1.362, P < .001) and BMI (OR = 1.227, P = .031) were independent risk factors for moderate CKD patients. Each standard deviation (SD) of high BMI and WC level was associated with 23.0% and 17.3% higher odds of moderate CKD (OR = 1.230, P = .017 and OR = 1.173, P = .021, respectively).

WC is an independent risk factor for eGFR. Combined BMI and WC are important factors that would predict moderate CKD patients.
Combined clinical and imaging features better predict the critical outcomes of patients with SARS-COV-2
Authors: Yue Ting , Zhou Wenli , He Jie , Wang Huilin , Liu Yongjiu , Wang Bing , Zhu QingQing , Xia Huawei , Hu Hongjie
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive value of combined clinical and imaging features, compared with the clinical or radiological risk factors only. Moreover, the expected results aimed to improve the identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) patients who may have critical outcomes.

This retrospective study included laboratory-confirmed SARS-COV-2 cases between January 18, 2020, and February 16, 2020. The patients were divided into 2 groups with noncritical illness and critical illness regarding severity status within the hospitalization. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore the risk factors associated with clinical and radiological outcomes in patients with SARS-COV-2. The ROC curves were performed to compare the prediction performance of different factors.

A total of 180 adult patients in this study included 20 critical patients and 160 noncritical patients. In univariate logistic regression analysis, 15 risk factors were significantly associated with critical outcomes. Of importance, C-reactive protein (1.051, 95% confidence interval 1.024-1.078), D-dimer (1.911, 95% CI, 1.050–3.478), and CT score (1.29, 95% CI, 1.053–1.529) on admission were independent risk factors in multivariate analysis. The combined model achieved a better performance in disease severity prediction (P = .05).

CRP, D-dimer, and CT score on admission were independent risk factors for critical illness in adults with SARS-COV-2. The combined clinical and radiological model achieved better predictive performance than clinical or radiological factors alone.
Comprehensive analysis of molecular pathways and key genes involved in lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Liu Quanxiang , Chen Qian , Zhuang Xinming , Qi Mingyu , Guo Jianping , Li Zengxin , Dai Qizhi , Cheng Wei
Published: March 2021

Based on the Thompson classification of intervertebral discs (IVDs), we systematically analyzed gene expression differences between severely degenerated and mildly degenerated IVDs and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms using bioinformatics methods and multichip integration. We used multiomics analysis, includes mRNA microarray and methylation chips, to explore the genetic network and mechanisms of lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Subsequently, the Combat function of the R language SVA package was applied to eliminate heterogeneity between the gene expression data. And the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, gene ontology (GO), and molecular pathways were used to constructs the mechanisms network. Consequently, we obtained 149 differentially expressed genes. Related molecular pathways are the following: ribosome activity, oxidative phosphorylation, extracellular matrix response. Besides, through PPI network analysis, genes with higher connectivity such as UBA52, RPLP0, RPL3, RPLP2, and RPL27 were also identified, suggesting that they play important regulatory roles in the complex network associated with LDH. Additionally, cg12556991 (RPL27) and cg06852319 (RPLP0) were found to be LDH-related candidate DNA methylation modification sites in the IVDs tissue of LDH patients. In conclusions, ribosome activity, oxidative phosphorylation, and extracellular matrix response may be potential molecular mechanisms underlying LDH, while hub genes involved in UBA52, RPLP0, RPL3, RPLP2, and RPL27, and candidate DNA methylation modification sites of cg12556991and cg06852319 are likely key regulators in the development of LDH.
Efficacy and safety of astragalus injection combined with Western medicine in the treatment of early diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Li Guojing , Ai Bichen , Zhang Weihua , Feng Xingzhong , Jiang Min
Published: March 2021

Background:

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes. Its clinical manifestation is proteinuria, and it is a common cause of renal failure. At present, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin II receptor antagonists are often used to treat early DN, and they have good curative effect. On this basis, the treatment of early DN with the combination of astragalus injection is becoming more and more widespread. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to prove the efficacy and safety of astragalus injection combined with Western medicine in the treatment of early DN, and to provide reference value for clinical practice in the future.

Methods:

English databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library) and Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructur, Wanfang, VP Information Chinese Journal Service Platform, China Biology Medicine disc) will be searched by computer. From the establishment of the database to February 2021, a randomized controlled trial of astragalus injection combined with Western medicine in the treatment of early DN will be conducted. Two researchers independently evaluate the quality of the included study and extract the data. Included literature is analyzed by Meta with RevMan5.3 software.

Results:

In this study, the efficacy and safety of astragalus injection combined with Western medicine in the treatment of early DN are evaluated by serological indexes such as Urinary albumin excretion rates (UAER), serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, as well as the adverse reactions of drugs.

Conclusion:

This study will provide reliable evidence-based evidence for astragalus injection combined with Western medicine for the treatment of early DN.

OSF Registration number:

DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/A9JGP
Effect of systematic nursing intervention on rehabilitation after colorectal polyps of endoscopic removal in children
Authors: Dong Zhenyin , Li Guizhen , Wang Meigui , Wang Tingting , Jiang Chengpeng
Published: March 2021

Background:

Endoscopic removal is the main method for the treatment of colorectal polyps in children. Due to the small age of children, poor coordination, postoperative sensitive postoperative response, it is not good for postoperative recovery. Systematic nursing has an advantage in promoting the postoperative recovery of children with colorectal polyps of endoscopic removal, but it is lack of evidence-based basis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of systematic nursing intervention on the rehabilitation of children after colorectal polyps of endoscopic removal.

Methods:

China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, China Science and Technology Journal Database and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases will be searched by computer. A randomized controlled study is searched on the application of systematic nursing intervention of children with colorectal polyps of endoscopic removal from the establishment of the database in February 2021. The language is limited to English and Chinese. The quality of the included study is independently extracted and the literature quality is evaluated by 2 researchers. The RevMan5.3 software is used to conduct meta-analysis of the included literature.

Results:

This study will evaluate the effect of systematic nursing intervention on the rehabilitation of children after colorectal polyps of endoscopic removal by the indexes of total effective rate, complication rate, and hospital stays.

Conclusion:

This study will provide reliable evidence-based basis for establishing a reasonable and effective nursing intervention for endoscopic removal of colorectal polyps in childhood.

OSF Registration number:

DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/S57UX.
Surgery vs non-surgery in cutaneous melanoma based on SEER database
Authors: Liu Yingnan , Yang Dazhi , Fu Xiaokuan , Sun Yulong , Xiong Hongtao , Fang Xichi , Zhuang Yongqing
Published: March 2021

This study was to assess the survival outcome of cutaneous melanoma (CM) patients with surgery vs non-surgery through inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) using the propensity score. Patients diagnosed as CM were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database. The survival outcome was estimated and compared by IPTW using the propensity score. Totally 2203 CM patients were identified, in which 1921 cases received surgical treatment (surgery group), while 282 cases didn’t (non-surgery group). The median survival time of surgery and non-surgery groups was respectively 150 months and 15 months (unmatched cohort), 70 months and 40 months (matched cohort) and 130 months vs. 75 months (IPTW-weighted cohort). Compared with the non-surgery group, the surgery group had a lower risk of death in unmatched [hazard ratio (HR): 0.647, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.509–0.821, P < .001] and matched (HR: 0.636, 95%CI: 0.459–0.882, P < .01) cohorts. In multivariate Cox model of IPTW-weighted cohort, the risk of death in the surgery group decreased notably than the non-surgery group (HR: 0.423, 95%CI: 0.383–0.468, P < .001). In conclusion, CM patients receiving surgical treatment are associated with a better survival outcome compared with those without surgical treatment through IPTW using the propensity score.
Identification of potential biomarkers of long non-coding RNAs in neuropathic pain using bioinformatic analysis
Authors: Fan Yongzhi , Li Na , Yao Xianbao
Published: March 2021

Background:

Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) play important roles in the regulation of neuropathic pain (NP) development. LncRNAs dysregulations are related to the development of NP. However, a comprehensive meta-analysis has never been conducted to assess the relationship between LncRNAs and NP. To combine the results of dysregulated LncRNAs in individual NP studies and to identify potential LncRNAs biomarkers.

Methods:

LncRNAs profiling studies of NP were extracted from Pubmed, Web of science, Embase, Google Scholar, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database if they met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis was conducted using a random effects model to identify the effect of each multiple-reported LncRNAs. We also performed subgroup analysis according to LncRNAs detecting methods and sample type. Sensitivity analysis was performed on the sample size. Bioinformatic analysis was performed to identify the potential biomatic functions. All results were represented as log10 odds ratios.

Results:

This review will be disseminated in print by peer-review.

Conclusion:

The identified LncRNAs may be closely linked with NP and may act as potentially useful biomarkers.

Ethics and dissemination:

The private information from individuals will not publish. This systematic review also will not involve endangering participant rights. Ethical approval is not available. The results may be published in a peer- reviewed journal or disseminated in relevant conferences

OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER:

DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/ZRX7C.