bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Food Image Segmentation Based on Homogeneity Test of K-Means Clustering
Authors: Khalid Abdulateef Salwa , Ahmed AHMED Saadaldeen Rashid , Dawood Salman Mohanad
Published: November 2020

Data clustering is an important machine-learning topic. It is useful for variety of applications one of them is image segmentation. A given divided image into regions homogenous additional to certain features is the image segmentation process, which matches real objects of an actual scene. FIS (Food Image Segmentation) is important for calories estimation. K-means has been used for performing such task. However, in order to conclude the food items number in the image, it requires interacting with the application. This article, presents a novel approach based dependently on k-means named Hk-means (Homogeneity test of k-means) is developed to calculate k value and applied for FIS for the purpose of assuring full autonomy in the calories estimation system. This approach uses the homogeneity test so as to compensate the new item existence in the image. The suggested method Hk-means is tested on food images and show accuracy 96%. The experimental results has achieved 1.5 second execution time when compare with benchmark method.
Classification of Micro-array Data in Apache Spark Framework
Authors: Albaldawi Wafaa S. , Almuttairi Rafah M.
Published: November 2020

Apache Spark is an emerging huge information analytics technology. Machine learning (ML) frameworks engineered on Spark are more ascendible compared with traditional ML frameworks. We tend to build SVMwithSGD(SVM with Stochastic Gradient Descent) and LinearRegressionWithSGD models by using Spark Python API (PySpark) to classify normal and tumor microarray samples. Microarray measures expression levels of thousands of genes in a very tissue or cell kind. Feature extraction and cross-validation are used to make sure effectiveness. The SVMwithSGD and LinearRegressionWithSGD models achieve associate degrees accuracies quite eightieths.

This paper presents a study of feature selection methods effect, using a filter approach, on the accuracy and time consumed of supervised classification of cancer. A comparative evaluation among different selection methods: Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and Locally Linear Embedding (LLE) is carried out with SVMWithSGD or LogisticRegressionWithSGD classifier, using the datasets of prostate, cancer, lung and Huntington’s Disease samples. The classification results using SVMWithSGD and LogisticRegressionWithSGD (LGWithSGD) classifiers show that the SVMWithSGD classifier can present the highest accuracy and much time when compared with LGWithSGD. The results show that when we have classified with SVMWithSGD, PCA and SVMWithSGD is the best combination for analyzing the Borovecki, Gordon, and Chowdary datasets. While ICA and SVMWithSGD in the Singh and Chin datasets. Moreover, the results illustrate that when we have classified with LGWithSGD, PCA and LGWithSGD is the best combination for analyzing the Borovecki and Gordon datasets. While ICA and LGWithSGD in the Chowdary and Singh datasets. LLE and LGWithSGD is the best for analyzing Chin dataset.
IOT System to Limit Speed Rate by Using GPS and RF Devices
Authors: Fadhal Athab Ali , S Daghal Asaad.
Published: November 2020

Since automotive production has been concerned more with fast than ever. Therefore, vehicle accidents are steadily rising because of the increasing number of accidents due to the reckless high speed or caused by the increasing of road obstacles. So, these problems cannot be avoided as a result of that speed. Consequently, it is important to shape an auxiliary system to monitor the vehicles and calculate its speed as required using the GIS maps. These vehicles via messages know the parts covered by the speed reduction. The messages whether received from the controls planted in those zones or by the use of a GPS device to determine the vehicle’s location, then it will decide to decrease the speed or not.
Solving Software Project Scheduling Problem using Whale Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Riyadh Alreffaee Taghreed , Abd-AlKareem Alabajee Marrwa
Published: November 2020

In the software projects, one of the essential and difficult problems faced by the managers in the competitive software industry is the Software Project Scheduling Problem (SPSP). With the increase in employees and tasks’ numbers the problem is becoming an NP-hard problem. The goal of this proposal is to resolve the problem of the software project scheduling with Whale optimization algorithm (WOA) and utilized it on various instances from three datasets. In order to prove the soundness and viability of Whale optimization algorithm (WOA), we illustrated some experimental results. This algorithm gave good outcomes for datasets that have a few tasks but failed to find feasible solutions when increasing the number of tasks.
Co-Even Domination Number in Some Graphs
Authors: M. Shalaan Manar , A. Omran Ahmed
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this work is to determine the co-even domination number of various graphs, as a ladder, lollipop, butterfly, jellyfish, helm, corona, fan, and double fan graph. Before this, the important properties of the co-even dominating set are mentioned from previous work.
Orthogonal Basis to Solve Linear Fredholm Integral Equations via Galerkin Method
Authors: Flayih Jaber Ahmed , M.H.R. Al-rammahi Adil
Published: November 2020

in this paper, the approximate solution of linear Fredholm integral equations of the second type on a closed interval is studied. The Galerkin method enhanced with Chebyshev polynomials was used to improve the approximate solution of our study, the related linear system was solved by the Boole’s numerical integrated rule. for testing the efficiency of the proposed method, the comparison with related updated methods was executed.
Calculation the Determinants of matrix by Permutation Algorithm by fixing two components by Computer
Authors: Zake Sheet Lugen M.
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we will present a complementary algorithm for calculating the determinants order of n × n, ((n ≥ 5) Matrixes. This algorithm is based on the proposed ideal algorithm for permitting the fixing of two components. Programming this algorithm in Matlab as an application on permutations algorithms to finding determinants.
β-sets in topological spaces and τβs

topology
Authors: Ali Hamzah Hayder , Abd Alameer Neeran Tahir
Published: November 2020

In this paper, the authors studies new types of sets called β -sets in topological space (X. τ). We investigate and prove some topological properties and characterization of β-sets. Also, the relation between β- sets and open sets is discussed.
Types of Expansivity on Bi-Shadowing Property
Authors: Ajam Mohammed H. O. , Al-Shara’a Iftichar M. T.
Published: November 2020

Let a continuous maps f:X → X, g:X → X be defined on a compact metric space X. We showed that f has bi-shadowing with g is equivalent to f has backwards bi-shadowing with g and f has two-sided bi-shadowing with g when the maps f, g are onto. We used this result to go on prove that, for expansive surjective maps f, g the properties f has bi-shadowing with g, f has two-sided bi-shadowing with g, f has s- limit bi-shadowing with g and f has two-sided s-limit bi-shadowing with g are equivalent. Finally we concluded that if a continuous maps f, g are surjective. Then f has two-sided s-limit bi-shadowing with g if and only if it has L-bi-shadowing with g.
Spectrum of prime Q-filter of Q-algebra
Authors: Kareem Abdullah Habeeb , Shaker Naji Rakzan
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study is investigate the Zariski topology of an involutory Q-algebra. We investigated new concepts of a Q-algebra, prime Q-filter, some properties of prime Q-filter in an involutory Q-algebra and investigate some basic properties of these concepts. In addition, the nation of the topology spectrum of an involutuory bounded Q-algebra was investigated. Moreover, we study some topological properties of a spectrum of an involutuory bounded Q-algebra
Antibacterial activity of some Salen metal complexes
Authors: H. Ali Safaa , A. Al-Redha Hassan M. , A. Sachit Bassam
Published: November 2020

This article primarily designed to determine antibiotic features of new species of Schiff base metal complexes [(MCl2)2(Salen)] {M = Co (1), Ni (2), Cu (3), Sn (4), Ba (5), Salen = 1,2-Bis(salicylidenamino)ethane. Five binuclear complexes were synthesised by direct reaction of the corresponding metal chloride (CoCl2, NiCl2, CuCl2, SnCl2, and BaCl2) with the Schiff base ligand. Obtained Salen metal complexes characterised by, FT-IR and 1H-NMR, and mass spectra, spectra studies suggests that Schiff base ligand behaves as dimetalic N bidentate at metal centres. Also, these Salen complexes were tested for antibacterial activity using the Broth dilution method against two strains of gram negative bacteria (E coli G- and Klebsialla G-).
Spectrophotometric determination of sulphacetamide sodium via diazotization and coupling reaction
Authors: Al-Safar Rana S. , Othman Nabeel S.
Published: November 2020

A simple spectrophotometric method has been suggested for the assay of sulphacetamide sodium(SAAMS) through diazotization and coupling. The method include the reaction of SAAMS with sodium nitrite in acidic medium of hydrochloric acid to produce the corresponding diazonium salt-SAAMS(D-SAAMS), which is coupled with 2,4- dihydroxybenzophenone(2,4-DHBP) in presence of sodium hydroxide to produce orange azo dye, water-soluble and stable which shows maximum absorbance at 497.5 nm. . The absorbance was found to increase linearly with the increasing amounts of SAAMS in the solution from 10 to 250 μg in 10 ml (1-25 μg.ml1) . Two important factors were calculated to show the sensitivity of the method: molar absorptivity and Sandell s sensitivity index, have the values 2.27 × 104l.mol−1.cm−1and of 0.011198 μg.cm−2respectively. Both values demonstrated good sensitivity to the proposed method . SAAMS has been estimated successfully in eyes drops.
Removal of Methyl Green Dye from simulated waste water using Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration Membrane
Authors: Mohsen Alardhi Saja , Alrubaye Jamal M. , Albayati Talib M.
Published: November 2020

Ultrafiltration has been favorably employed for recycling insoluble dyes and high molecular weight, some type of chemicals and water. Despite, ultrafiltration does not remove low molecular weight and soluble dyes (acid, direct, reactive, basic, etc.). The main advantages of the hollow fiber module are very high packing density and low-energy consumption. In this investigation, the performance of a Polyvinyl chloride (18 wt % PVC) hollow fiber ultrafiltration (UF) membrane for methyl green (MG) dye removal from aqueous solution was evaluated by examining the impact of varying the operation conditions (the concentration of dye and volumetric flow rate) to determine their impact on the separation processes (permeate flux and rejection coefficient) at constant pressure, temperature and at neutral pH. two configurations used: Semi-batch filtration and continuous filtration. UF was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Besides, tests of the UF were carried out with pure water and MG aqueous solutions as feed. Results exhibited a notable influence of flow rate and feed concentration on the permeate flux and rejection, where the highest flux obtained equal to 32.7 l/hr.m2 with the highest rejection coefficient value close to 59.46% of the membrane system.
Study the Azure A dye adsorption on the surface of the Snail shell modification
Authors: Q.AL-Shemary Reham. , K.Ibrahim Hanadi , A.AL-Da’amy Muneer , Talib Kareem Eman , Albo Hay Allah Mahmood A.
Published: November 2020

This study was included (Snail shell modification) snail shell melamine formaldehyde polymer (SSMFP). It is an effective adsorbent to remove Azure A dye from aqueous solution. The effects of pH, contact time, ionic strength, temperature and amount of adsorbents were evaluated. The highest adsorption efficiency was recorded at93.90%with 5 mg/L dye according to the Beer Lambert (Dye Calibration Curve), 0.0050 g of adsorbent 10 minutes contact time and 298 K. Elimination data using Temkin, Langmuir and Freundlich models were analyzed at different temperatures ranging from 298 to 338 K, and the adsorption thermodynamic parameters were studied. Where ΔG values indicate an automatic process, ΔH indicates the exothermic property of the adsorption process and ΔS proves an increase. The adsorption surface was also studied and diagnosed by FT-IR, X-RD, AFM, and SEM technologies
Surface Characteristics and Rose Bengal Adsorption Studies of Carbon Nanospheres Synthesized via Atmospheric Combustion of Diesel
Authors: Hussein Alwan Salam , Al Bedairy Muhammed Abbas , Jooda Sahib Ibrahim , Abbas Alshamsi Hassan
Published: November 2020

In this study, the carbon nanospheres were synthesized by burning diesel and then treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The results showed that H2O2- carbon nanospheres has a higher surface area than carbon nanospheres and therefore it was chosen as an adsorbent surface to remove the Rose Bengal dye from aqueous solutions. The prepared carbon nanospheres were examined by FTIR, XRD, SEM, AFM, TGA, Raman spectroscopy, BET and EDX. The FTIR study reveals the presence of hydroxyl and carboxyl stretching vibration and weak peaks belong to CH3, CH2and C=C. Results obtained by Raman and XRD analysis are in good agreement thereby indicating the amorphous structure of the carbon nanospheres. Also, SEM images confirm the presence of soot materials as spherical and semispherical nanoparticles with diameter in the range (31-78 nm). Surface roughness calculated from AFM data provided evidence that spiky appearance on both carbon surfaces. TGA data indicate that both carbon samples are thermally unstable. BET and BJH results indicate that the treated sample possesses the highest surface area and mean pore diameter. EDX analysis indicated the presence of pure carbon nanosphere (treated sample) without any contamination. Also, the adsorptive removal of Rose Bengal on synthesized carbon nanospheres was studied. The isotherm adsorption results were found to be described fitted by the Freundlich rather than the Langmuir and Temkin models. Furthermore, the kinetics of dye adsorption were applied better by the pseudo-second-order model.
Assessment of the Phytin Content in the Fruit of Five Species of Juglans when Introduced in Central Russian Upland
Authors: Al-Hachami F R H , Karpova S S , Kalaev V N , Zemlyanukhina O A
Published: November 2020

The phytin (myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexacystichydrophosphoric acid) content was studied in the endosperm of five species of Juglans grown in the Central Russian Upland conditions: 1) Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.); 2) Manchurian walnut (Juglans mandshurica Maxim); 3) heartnut (Juglans cordiformis Maxim); 4) grey walnut (Juglans cinerea L.); 5) black walnut (Juglans nigra L). The walnut is shown to have the highest phytin content (31.90±0.67 mg/g wet weight) and a low coefficient of variation (Cv=4.23%). Based on the research, we can conclude that walnut is well adapted to the conditions of the Central Russian Upland and is recommended for the creation of fruit plantations by seed.
Biopreparation for antimicrobial material from mixture of nano silver and olive leaves extract
Authors: Halob Amal A. , Gatea Iman H , Khalaf Mohammed K. , Sabar Adawia B.
Published: November 2020

Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using different aqueous concentrations of silver nitrate (0.5,1, 2, 3) with olive leaf extract as reductive factor. The reaction showed a strong change in color from yellow to dark brown. Antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria like Staph aureus, E. coli was studied. Spectral properties were studied by using UV- visible spectrophotometer, all concentrations shown peaks at (435)nm. The nanosilver particles tested by Dynamic light scattering (DLS) so the size particles were about (80-126)nm, zeta potential values were (-17 - -23)m V. Biological silver nanoparticles gained interest in recent past owing to its simple preparation, low cost, ecofriendly and their products more stability.
Synthesis, Characterization of a Novel 1,1’-[1,4-phenylenebis(1,3,4-thiadiazol-5,2-diyl)] bis (3-chloro-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl) azetidin-2-one and evaluation its Biological activities
Authors: Saeed Ban M.S. , Al-Jadaan Shaker A.N. , Abbas Basil A.
Published: November 2020

In current study, synthesis of a novel azetidin-2-one compound, i.e 1,1’-[1,4-phenylenebis(1,3,4-thiadiazol-5,2-diyl)] bis (3-chloro-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl) azetidin-2-one from reaction of 0.002mole of 4,4’-[1,4-phenylene bis(1,3,4-thiadiazole-5,2-diyl)] bis (azaneylylidene) bis (methaneylylidene) diphenol with 0.004mole of 2-chloroacetylchloride in dioxane as a solvent in the presence of trimethylamine. The biological activity of new azetidin-2-one compound was evaluated at 100 mg/ml against four types of bacteria i.e. Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. and its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 2, 2, 3, 3 mg/ml for Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. respectively. Median lethal dose (LD50) and cytotoxicity activity were also investigated. The LD50 for this compound is 1.4 gm/kg bw. The results showed that this compound did not affect the red blood cell until the concentration reach 25 mg/ml or above. The new compound was characterized by spectral data, i.e., FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and elemental analysis which confirmed its proposed structure.
Study the contamination of Radioactivity levels of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in (water)Iraq and their potential radiological risk to human population
Authors: Salman Ali Yahya , Kadhim Shaymaa Awad , Alaboodi Azhar S. , Alhous Shatha F.
Published: November 2020

In this study, the level of natural radioactivity in the banks of the Euphrates River was evaluated of four sites for the passage of the Euphrates(Al Kufa, Abu Sukhair, Al Mishkhab and Al Qadisiyah), as samples were collected along the Euphrates River within the province of Najaf. The radioactivity of naturally formed radioactive materials of Uranium-238 and Thorium-232 series soluble strands in addition to the Potassium -40 radioisotope was determined using the NaI (Tl) sodium iodide reagent system (3"x3"). The values of normal radioactivity were measured in units (Bq.L−1). Where was The concentration ranged from 16.44 to 143.88 (Bq.L−1)for 40K,0.90 to 6.16 (Bq.L−1) for 238U and 1.17 to 5.29 (Bq.L−1) for 232Th. The radium equivalent activity was below the defined limit of 370 (Bq.L−1),the calculated exterior hazard indices had been determined to be much less than (one) from the results. Therefore that can be considered as database of these rivers in the future. Also we calculated that the average committed effective dose by ingestion of water for a typical adult was found to be 0.269 mSv.y−1 note that the average internal dose of 290 μSv.y−1 measured by the Scientific Committee of the United Nations on the Effects of Radiation for food and water consumption .finally we found out Excess lifetime cancer risk is 0.672*10−3 which is significantly less than the ICRP cancer risk of 2.5 × 10−3 which mean that the samples are safe healthy.
Measurement of the natural radiological activity of soil samples of some general education schools in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate
Authors: Kadhim Tahani M. , Alkufi Abdulhussein A. , Alhous Shatha F.
Published: November 2020

Right now, specific radioactivity of soil chose from Diwaniya Governorate was estimated. Ten samples of this soil were gathered. These samples were from some general education schools, where the samples were taken from diversified sites. to define the specific activity from the radioactivity 232Th, 238U and 40K, Iodide sodium system activated with Thallium 3"×3" had been used for this aim, finally for Thorium 232Th ranged between (BLD-14.652) Bq.kg−1, average (5.334) Bq.kg−1. for Uranium 238U, it is ranged between (BLD-26.187) Bq.kg−1, average (8.364) Bq.kg−1, where the result showed that radio activity of potassium 40K ranged between (346.823-536.704) Bq.kg−1 with a rate of (450.482) Bq.kg−1, The radium equivalent values ranged between (33.951-68.194) Bq.kg−1, average (50.68) Bq.kg−1, the absorbed dose rate in air ranged between (18.386- 33.995) nGy.h−1, average (25.962) nGy.h−1, External hazard index ranged through (0.091-0.184), average (0.136), Internal hazard index ranged through (0.091-0.226), average (0.159). activity concentration index ranged between (0.293-0.538), average (0.409), the observed results were below the International recommended limits.
Bending Deformation on the electronic structure of the (3,3), (4,4), (5,0) and (6,0) single-wall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Mezher Hamza A.
Published: November 2020

In this work we investigate the effect of bending defect on the electronic and structural properties of the (3,3), (4,4), (5,0) and (6,0) single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) using density functional theory (DFT) within Becke three parameter Lee–Yang–Parr (B3LYP) functional using 6-31 basis set. Our result revealed that as the bending angle increases, the deformation of atomic structure of the tube increases, particularly in the centralized zone of the tube. The obtained outcomes revealed that the bandgap fluctuates with the bending angle of CNTs and the cohesive energy, the highest occupied (EHOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals energies (ELUMO) decrease (in magnitude) as the CNTs bending increases. On the other hand, the electron affinity and the ionization potential increases with the bending angle of CNTs, while the Fermi energy decreases with the bending angle of CNTs, with a fluctuation of Fermi energy with the bending for (4,4) tube. Finally, in the presence of bending deformation, the highest number of density of states in the valence and conduction bands decrease with increasing the bending angle of CNTs.
Measuring Laser Beam Transmission through Exposed/Etched CN-85 Detectors
Authors: Jaber Al-Ta’ii Hassan M.
Published: November 2020

Cellulose Nitrate (CN-85) plastic detectors, with a thickness of 100 μm, were exposed to radiation by alpha particles. Then, the irradiated detectors were etched and treated with radiation by using He-Ne laser source. The influence of laser irradiation on the physical characterization of CN-85 track detectors has been investigated through track radii. In this study, the tracks’ number and track radii were calculated. The results showed that the track radii of laser-etched CN-85 detectors were reduced with increasing the etching time. Further, the track radii were changed due to the effects of alpha particles on the CN-85 detectors. This method is found to be a relatively inexpensive, easy, and effective tool for measuring the radiation dose.
Phenomenological Description of 130, 131Ba Isotopes
Authors: Mutsher Saher M. , Salman Emad A. , Sharrad Fadhil I.
Published: November 2020

The phenomenological description of Barium nuclei which have proton number (56) and neutron numbers 74 and 75 have been calculated by Interacting Boson – Fermion Model. Yrast and excited bad, probability of electric transition B(E2) and potential energy surface have been estimated. The input parameters which are used in the present study the best approximation that has been carried out so far. These calculations show that a good agreement with those of experimental data for Barium nuclei.
The optical spectrum of Aluminum nanoparticles prepared by a laser ablation technique in the liquid
Authors: Ali Al-Kifaie Abbas. M.
Published: November 2020

This is research were study an effect of changing an energy of laser and study of an optical properties from aluminum nanoparticle (NPs) processe by a laser ablation technique is present in deionized a water. The results showed absorption at the wavelength 225 and 223 (nm) and increase in absorption with energy because increase in density and number of particles.
Materials recognition based on electromagnetic metamaterial absorber
Authors: Al-badri Khalid Saeed Lateef , Lateef Omar S.
Published: November 2020

In this study, squire ring resonator structure (SRR), which can be used as an materials sensor based on electromagnetic metamaterials absorber in microwave S-band regime. The SRR is contain squire copper ring and hole on the top, FR4 in the middle layer and copper film at the bottom. The sensitivity of the resonance frequency to the material type was numerically examined in the CST Microwave Studio (MWS) environment. In these analyzes, the hole dielectric constant of material was changed from 4.3 to 1. Within the three different materials (FR4, oil and vacuum). It is shown that the absorption wavelength displays worthy blue-shift with the increasing dielectric constant of material. Furthermore, the simulation results indicate that the sensitivity of SRR is very good, which makes SRR structure be an ideal detection for material type.
Impact Rainfall on the Aerosols Optical Thickness over Selected Stations in Iraq
Authors: Al-Taai Osama T. , Nassif Wedyan G.
Published: November 2020

The Aerosols Optical Thickness (AOT) and rainfall are important factors in the physical processes that occur in the atmosphere, such as absorption and dispersion of solar radiation and precipitation composition, and thus affect the radiation balance and water balance in the atmosphere. The methods used in the study depend on the monthly and yearly mean of the aerosol and sum of rainfall, taken from the European Mediterranean Weather Forecast (ECMWF) during the time period (2008-2018), for selected stations in Iraq (Mosul, Baghdad, Rutba, Basra). The largest value of the aerosol index was recorded in Basra, and the lowest value was recorded in Mosul the highest value of rainfall recorded in Mosul, and the lowest value in Basra. The relationship between the aerosol index and rainfall is a ten-year inverse relationship for the selected areas (Mosul, Baghdad, Rutba, and Basra).
Annual Committed Effective dose as a result of daily Consumption of Medicinal Herbs in Iraq
Authors: Alkufi Abdulhussein A , Alhous Shatha F. , Kadhim Shaymaa A.
Published: November 2020

Knowledge Expertise of radioactivity levels in the human diet is very important to estimating potential radiological risks to human health. During this research gamma ray spectroscopy technique was used to measure the awareness and amount of the annual effective dose (Eave) due to Uranium, Thorium and Potassium and the lifetime risk factor for cancer (ELCR) in forty samples, of the most widely used medicinal herbs in Iraq and evaluation of ingested doses through herbs consumption, the estimated total annual effective dose received of Uranium, Thorium and Potassium due to the population’s consumption of medicinal herbs ranges (0.0124-0.9632) with a mean (0.1502), (0.0024-5.7334) with a mean (0.4750), (0.8324-7.9970) with a mean (2.9349) in units (μSv/y) respectively, while the lifetime risk factor for cancer was ranges (0.0291-0.2798) with a mean (0.1026). All results indicate that they are within the permissible limits for medical and food use, and when comparing the results with IAEA publications and international and Arab research, it was found that they are significantly less than the permissible global range and therefore do not pose a threat to human health also can be considered as database of these herbs in the future.
Mixing two Organic Dyes to Improvement Solar Cell Efficiency
Authors: Hassan Adnan F. , Jamil Taghreed N.
Published: November 2020

The solar cell efficiency has been improved by using concentrators having mixing two organic dyes; Pyranine and Triglyceride for Oleic acid. The efficiency of the silicon solar cell was measured before and after mixing.

A Big improvement was noticed in the solar cell efficiency from (21.57) to (34.16). Also, the (fluorescence & absorption), stokes shift (Δη), radiated lifetime (τ
fm
), fluorescence lifetime (τ
f
) and quantum efficiency (Q
fm
) was calculated.
Comparison between the gold nanoparticles prepared by chemically and laser ablation method
Authors: AbdUl Aziz Salah M. , Almusawe A. J.
Published: November 2020

Noble metal gold nanoparticles were prepared by tow method. The first method gold nanoparticles (AuNPS) synthesised by the reduction of chloroauric acid ( HAuCl4) with a solution for sodium borohydride. The second method the gold mineral plates were ablation by pulsed laser when it was immersed in filtered H2O. The synthesized nanoparticles are characterized by using UV–Visible absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

The Ultraviolet-Visible absorption spectra in the visible regions of the gold nanoparticles appear intense absorptions a result of surface plasmon resonance (spr) vibrations in noble mineral nanoparticles. From X-ray diffraction and TEM tests the particle size for the laser ablation method calculated was found to be lie between (15- 20 nm) and for chemical method approximately lie between (13-16 nm).
A study of Boron Concentration in samples which are taken from the waters of the Shatt al-Arab River in Basrah Governorates (Southern Iraq) by using ICP-OES Technique
Authors: Salman Thaer M. , Habeeb Ali F.
Published: November 2020

This research aims to know the boron concentration in samples taken from water which collected from the river of Shatt al-Arab. It passage through Faw and Abu Al-khaseeb district in Basrah governorate located in southern Iraq. The measurements were made by analyzing the samples were taken from 24 different sites by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Technique. The concentration of Boron in the study was Between (0.30206) ppm in (Al-Doweb) and (1.1918) ppm in (near of Abadan refinery) within the Shatt al-Arab. The results of this research can be used to help implement the water quality standard by the competent departments in order to keep water sources free from pollution. The study showed that the boron concentration is most samples taken from the studied sites are not high, with the exception of some samples that may indicate the possibility of pollution in the future may pose a danger to humans and the environment.
Chemical Toxicity Risk Assessment of Uranium in the Fly Ash from Thermal Power Plant (GNDTPP) of Bathinda City, India
Authors: Alrakabi Muhanad , Kumar Sanjeev , Mehta Devineder
Published: November 2020

Uranium can be released into the environment from various activities such as the use of phosphate fertilizers, combustion of coal in thermal power plants, mining, and depleted uranium used in the wars. One of the talked about sources for such water contamination in Bathinda city is the fly ash from the coal-fired thermal power plants. To assess the role of fly ash and Chemical toxicity risk associated with uranium from the fly ash to the water, the coal, dry fly ash, ash slurry and water samples collected from the surrounding of Guru Nanak Dev Thermal Power Plant (GNDTPP) in the Bathinda city of Punjab state, India. The samples were analyzed using the X-ray fluorescence set up. In the present work, we found that uranium concentrations in the dry fly ash and coal samples were higher than permissible limit i.e. < 2 ppm but the concentrations in the ash slurry and water samples was below the safe limit of 30 μg l−1 as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO, 2011). The 38Sr concentrations are also found to be 0.103-1.210 ppm and with average value 0.576 ppm in the various types of water in surrounding of the thermal power plant. The concentrations of 42Mo are found to be 0.002-0.050 ppm and the average value 0.022 ppm below the safe limit of 0.07 mg/l as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO, 2011) and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS, 2012). Chemical toxicity risk calculated in the form of lifetime average daily dose (LAAD) and hazard quotient. The lifetime average daily dose (LAAD) values of ash slurry and water samples were found to be lower than WHO (2011) recommended level of 1 μg kg−1 d−1, and the values of hazard quotient of the study samples were found to be lower than unity expect dry fly ash and coal samples were higher than permissible limit. The present study is concluded that uranium contamination in water of Bathinda city is not due to the Thermal Power Plant, and there is indicating no chemical toxicity risk due to uranium from the fly ash to the water.
WBCs detection depending based on a binary conversion of the color component in a Ycbcr color space
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed H. , Daway Hazim G. , Jouda Jamela
Published: November 2020

Detection of white blood cells (WBCs) automatically is an important issue that has many applications in the field of medical imaging, in this research, we tend to detect white blood cells depending on the Ycbcr color space. The proposed method has been used for the binary conversion of color compounds cbcr depending on the certain threshold limits. In the experimental results from microscopy images of blood samples, the proposed algorithm was compared with several other algorithms for detection by using a quality scale that compares manual cell count with automatic detection of algorithms where the proposed algorithm obtained a high distinction accuracy reached to 100% compared to other methods.
Ions energy loss measurements in low and high temperature plasma
Authors: Ahmed Baida M. , Sultan Murtadha Faaiz , Hasan Abbas Kamal , Ahmad Shayma Muhsen
Published: November 2020

Stopping power due to collisions ions with free and bound electrons in a plasma targets, is analyzed dependent on the classical-Bohr and quantized-Bloch for different temperatures. The energy loss and stopping power of ions calculated by using dielectric formalism

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and study different affects plasma parameters on the movement ions channeling in plasma target, at low (1, 1.5) eV and high (103) eV temperatures, density (ne=1020 ) cm–3 and Debye length (λD = 0.2) a.u. The results are obtained for dielectric function equation. Showed the sopping power and energy loss dependent on the plasma parameters and movement ions increases about 30%.
The Effect of Plasma Treatment on the Speed of Healing of Wounds Similar to battle wounds
Authors: Reath Tayiba , Humud Hammad R.
Published: November 2020

Cold plasma has been successfully applied in several fields of medicine. Previous studies have provided evidence that plasma supports the healing of wounds. This work was done to study the effect of cold plasma on the speed of wounds recovery for wounds Similar to battle wounds implemented on rats. The rats were divided into four groups; the control group was injured and left untreated, in order to compare it with the groups that were treated. And the second group was treated with penicillin only Six hours after applying the wound. And the third group was treated with an argon plasma jet immediately after the wound is applied and polluted with dust. The fourth group was treated with penicillin and plasma, the plasma was used immediately, but the penicillin was used after six hours. The wound was 1 cm long and 0.5 mm deep. The rats were treated by plasm jet for three days 15 minutes per day, and the penicillin was used daily once according to the protocol. The wounds were photographed as soon as they were performed; it was visually monitored, and documented with photos after three days, seven days, and fourteen days later. It was found that wounds treated with plasma and penicillin are the best case of treatment with penicillin alone or with plasma alone, and treatment with plasma alone is better than treatment with penicillin alone. Where the wound size was became smaller and fully healed. That was by comparison with the control group that was left untreated. From this we can conclude that plasma is a possible way to speed of healing of wounds similar to battle wounds.
Preparation of Polymer Nano-composite Materials to Sensing and Absorption Harmful Waves
Authors: Al-Mamoori Ammar Yahya , Hadi Najlaa Mohamed , Al-Nesrawy Sameer Hassan , Al-Issue Jassim Mohammed , Al-Maamori Mohammed Hamza
Published: November 2020

In this study, prepared nano-composite materials to absorption and sensing harmful waves for human health, it made of polyester were prepared with a fixation hardener ratio of 0.1 g per 10 ml of polyester. This percentage was constant in all samples and addition of both chlorophyll(CLL) and lead oxide (PbO<100nm) as well as lead oxide with chlorophyll by weight percentage (0.2,0.5, 0.2 (CLL) with 0.5(PbO)wt.% receptivity, then study coefficient of loss of reflectivity of all samples where the results indicated that most prepared materials correct for use attenuation materials of microwaves where is the reflection coefficient of all samples larger than (10dB) this show that absorption of composite materials consistence larger than 90%, then study reflection coefficient and also definition complex permittivity in the range frequencies (3-5)GHz were observed that value of the complex permittivity larger than one(μR
> 1).
Computer Simulation of MPPT Converter to Control PV Panel-Battery System
Authors: Raji Shahad , Kubba Zainab M.
Published: November 2020

This research intends to build and simulate a small renewable energy system consists of PV panel, lead-acid battery, and bidirectional DC-DC converter. Bidirectional Buck-Boost converter was used to regulating the voltage and current coming from the solar panels going to the battery and vice versa. It operates a Buck converter which charges the battery from the PV panel when State of charge (SOC) reaches less than 0.4. The battery needs 100 ms to charge from 12.2 V to 13 V with duty cycle 0.5 and 1 A. Also work as a Boost converter when SOC reaches 1 the battery was discharge for 100 ms and SOC decreases from 1 to 0.4.

A PSPICE PV panel model (consists of 20 solar cells, 12 V and 60 W maximum power at 25 °C with 1000 W/m2solar irradiation) has been used as a source of energy to the power circuit. The output of PV panel relates to Boost converter, which is the key for changing the PV’s terminal voltage to track the maximum power, it was rising a PV panel voltage from 10 V to 22 V for all variation of surface temperature from 300 K to 350 K at frequency 10 kHz and ΔVo = 1.1 V.
Determination of radon gas concentration 222Rn from rock models of selected oil wells from Basra oil fields - Iraq
Authors: Ali Master A.
Published: November 2020

In this study, 56 rocks samples were taken from 8 welled oil wells from the oil fields in Basra Governorate - southern Iraq at deep depths of up to 3500m from the surface of the earth, to determine radon gas concentrations 222Rn emitted from the models of oil wells rocks. The Rational Application Developer (RAD7), an active measurement method, used rapid electronic technology. The results of this study showed that the largest concentration of radon gas in oil well rock (Rocks) is 53861Bq.m−3 in a rock sample at a depth of 3500 m from the Ru-205 well in the southern Rumaila oil field and the lowest concentration is248 Bq.m−3 in the rock sample. From WQ-94 well in West Qurna field. The effective annual dose that oil workers can be exposed to upon contact has been calculated to the highest concentration of radon gas 107.772 μSvh−1 which is higher than the permitted dose level 50 μSv h−1 proposed by the EPA in the United States, and may pose risks to the health of workers in Oil Fields, and therefore, measures must be taken to preserve the health and safety of workers. The possibility of developing cancer as a result of exposure to radon gas per million people was found to be high compared to the permissible limits (170-230) per million people previously.
Study of background radiation in soil and water samples from many regions from Al-Fallujah city
Authors: Mtlak Dhameer A. , Aumran Fadhil A.
Published: November 2020

The study of the radiological background calculation, by characterizing the radio nuclides and calculating their specific efficacy in the environment of the city of Fallujah (water and surface soil), using the nuclear impact detector technique in the case. Seven samples of water were collected using the system (GBS ). Determine the concentration of uranium accounts based on comparison with standard models were used detector nuclear impact (CR-39) as a method for the detection of uranium in soil samples for study. The specific efficacy rate of the radon-222 antibody was very close to that of other studies. Knowing the level of natural and industrial radioactivity in the environment of the city of Fallujah using appropriate and different nuclear analysis methods and comparing the results of the measurements with the radiation ackground, which was previously studied and proved to be a radiation background. The results of radioactive material from the soil and water samples record the highest rate of uranium concentration in comparison with the standards reference of(ICRP) (International Commission Radiation Protection. The highest of background radiations of those regions were suffering of military operations. The total mean dose rate of the surveyed areas is found to be roughly thrice that of the world average, and found to be higher than that of other places compared with except. The Results of Solid State Nuclear Track Detector (SSNTD) measurements of natural radioactivity using contact autoradiography for the determination of uranium and non-contact autoradiography for radon emanation are presented.
Optical Limiting Properties of Nano-composite Gold Nanoparticles / Epoxy Resin
Authors: Raheem Azhr Abdulzuhraa , AL-Hamdani Ali H. , Madlool Rajaa A. , Abdulazeez Noor Zaid
Published: November 2020

In this paper, We prepared nanoparticles using the Turkevich process. The characterization of gold nanoparticles is carried out using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Linear optical properties studied by UV-visible Spectroscopy. Investigation of the optical limiting properties (OL) of nanocomposite (AuNPs / Epoxy resin) at different thicknesses (2.5, 9, 10.5, 14.3, 20.5, and 34) μm is performed. The threshold and optical clamping were calculated from optical limiting operation implemented by the Z-scan technique using CW Nd: YAG laser at (532 nm). The samples showed low optical limiting thresholds, which can be demonstrated by the strong absorption of the two photons in these samples. The nanocomposite displays the lowest optical limiting threshold (66 mW) at a thickness (2.5) μm. We notice that the nonlinear light-induced absorption results in an optical limited.
Structural Morphology and Optical Properties of Nanocomposites based Conducting Polymer
Authors: Saleh Manal A. , Jawad Mohammed K.
Published: November 2020

A simple, inexpensive, pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique excimer source Nd:YAG laser was used for the preparation of the all films irradiation targets and deposite of nickel oxide NiO, polypyrrole PPy, carboxylic functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNT), [PPy:(f-MWCNT)] nanocomposite, [NiO/PPy:(f-MWCNT)] and [PPy:(f-MWCNT)/NiO] films on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates. Surface morphology of all films and nanocomposite was investigated by Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM) display various morphology on the surface of the all films and nanocomposites, but the predominant structure is granular morphology, x-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates that the peaks of all films are broadening expect for PPy are sharp peaks, the optical absorbance spectra for the studied all films showed the maximum values around (425, 333, 347, and 397) nm refer to type transitions (π*-π) and (polaron-π*) and the maximum value of NiO around 346 nm. The optical energy gap of all films was determined and values around (2.2, 2.6, 2.8, 3, 3.2) eV. It has been observed that the measurements for films [NiO/PPy:(f- MWCNT)] and [PPy:(f-MWCNT)/NiO] may be identical and NiO nanoparticles are a good adhesion to nanocomposite films and interconnected in structure.
Improve the Performance of Porous Silicon for solar application by the embedding of Lithium Oxide nanoparticle
Authors: Abd Al Hussan Shahlaa M. , Bakr Nabeel A. , Abd Ahmed N.
Published: November 2020

The present research concerns the manufacture of porous silicon (PSi) by means of electrochemical etching method at (10 mA.cm−2)current density and approximately 10 minute etching time. The porous silicone layer was investigated by XRD, AFM and FTIR, and then Li2O nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by a simple chemical method. And freshly embedding three drops of (Li2O) solution using the drop casting technique on the 40°C porous silicon(n-Psi) method to produce the heterojunction Al / Li2O / PSi / Al. The results of current-voltage ( I-V) test showed that the solar cell’s maximum power conversion efficiency ( PCE) was 2.49% and thus the fill factor was 66.12%. A diffusion of Li2O NPs on PSi solar cell characteristics assures an improvement on their properties.
Metal type Effect on Plasmonic Fiber Properties
Authors: John Ali Hussein T. , Ammar Hashim A. , Yasser Hassan A.
Published: November 2020

In this study, the properties of plasmonic fiber have been studied, in which the core is one of the noble metals (Au,Ag,Cu,Al). The modes and the effective refractive index associated with each wavelength were derived using the COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS based on the Finite Element Method. The electrical permetivity was studied using the relationship Lorentz derode to determine the real part for the refractive index and the imaginary part responsible for the attenuation coefficient. Where a frequency range was chosen to hold negative values for the real part. The results show that when drawing the relationship between (εr
) or (εi
) a function of the wavelength that gold has the highest value and then silver, copper and then aluminum, but in the case of (nr
) or (ni
) we notice that aluminum has the highest elements.

(neff
) has also drawn as a function of the wavelength, the four metals, and different of the core radius (a=100, 200, 300, 400, 500) for the three modes (LP
01,LP
11,LP
21) and the metal used. It is observed that increasing the mode index increases the lobes where the mode (LP
01) is one spot and the mode (LP11) is two spot and the mode (LP
21) is four spot,

where the power index increase is the increase in red and yellow color, and this applies to all modes. In other words, by controlling the radius of the core and wavelength, we can balance the ratio of power that propagation forward and backward. The refractive index (neff) has the highest value at small wavelengths and then begins to decrease with increasing wavelength, and has the highest value in the case of gold, then silver, then copper. Then aluminum, which is less than the rest of the elements.
The study on the relationship between the friction characteristic and the formability of the automotive steel sheet during the stamping process
Authors: Kim J Y , Yoon S C , Hyun J S , Lee M.-G.
Published: November 2020

This study aims to analyse the formability characteristics by friction characteristics of automotive steel sheets to improve sheet forming during the stamping process. During the stamping operation, the steel sheet is pushed into the tool surface, a complex phenomenon occurs, and many parameters interact. Therefore, automotive steel researchers want to optimize the friction of automotive steel sheets to improve the forming process, such as drawing ratio limit, dome height limit, cup drawing test, etc. In addition, in this study, the finite element method is used in combination with a numerical solution to present the friction behavior of high strength steel sheets in automobiles, taking into account the operating deformation mechanism during the formability test.