bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanoscale 3D characterization of an Al-1Fe-1Zr alloy for additive manufacturing
Authors: Mani Deepak , Cloetens Peter , Karpov Dmitry , Monaco Federico , Chehab Bechir , Shahani Ravi , Petegem Steven Van , Barriobero-Vila Pere , Bugelnig Katrin , Requena Guillermo
Published: November 2024

The Al-1Fe-1Zr alloy exploits the non-equilibrium solidification dynamics inherent to laser powder bed fusion, characterized by high thermal gradients and rapid solidification front velocities. Here, we investigate the alloy’s 3D microstructure using state-of-the-art synchrotron-based nano-tomography techniques. High-resolution holographic and near-field ptychographic X-ray computed tomography were employed, achieving spatial resolutions as small as 57 nm. Our comparative analysis shows that near-field ptychographic tomography offers superior signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution, while holographic tomography allows for faster data acquisition with minimal loss in quality. These methods reveal the 3D distribution, morphology, and interconnectivity of Fe-rich and Zr-rich intermetallic phases. Complementary X-ray fluorescence computed tomography further provides quantitative local information on elemental concentrations, revealing Fe and Zr distribution with concentration resolutions 1.5 and 3 mg/cm³, respectively. The findings highlight key microstructural features that contribute to the alloy’s enhanced strength and thermal conductivity, offering critical insights for optimizing its performance in LPBF applications.
Exploring the Molecularity of Spices: The Gustatory Perspective
Authors: Thomas Sona S. , Bhayani Hirva S. , Crasto Chiquito
Published: November 2024

We explored electronic-structural features of molecules that elicit specific spice-taste-responses. The purpose of this work was to identify reproducible molecular fingerprints that might contribute to this taste. Our work informs us that these fingerprints go beyond gross and superficial molecular features such as aliphatic or aromatic systems, straight chains or rings, and specific functional groups. We explored these molecules down to the granularity of atom-pairs in structurally and chemically disparate molecules that produce the same taste response. These atom-pairs are not necessarily bonded. The atom-pairs have reproducible electronic-structural features even when they are in molecules that are superficially dissimilar. The electronic features were represented by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) chemical shifts—that depict the electronic and chemical environments around an atom in the atom-pair. The structural features were represented by inter atomic (bonded or non-bonded) distances. We explored these fingerprints for 34 molecules whose tastes were identified by taste experts from TheGoodScentsCompany web resource. We identified atom-pairs that are likely responsible for specific spice-related tastes: spicy, herbal, woody, citrus, sweet, and minty, or combinations of these tastes which likely contribute to a spice’s unique flavor. For molecules clustered by similar tastes our results are consistent and independent of the overall structural and chemical nature of the molecule.
Novel treatment strategy targeting interleukin-6 induced by cancer-associated fibroblast for peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer
Authors: Mitsui Ema , Kikuchi Satoru , Okura Tomohiro , Tazawa Hiroshi , Une Yuta , Nishiwaki Noriyuki , Kuroda Shinji , Noma Kazuhiro , Kagawa Shunsuke , Ohara Toshiaki , Ohtsuka Junko , Ohki Rieko , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi
Published: November 2024

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the crucial components in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of the peritoneal metastasis (PM) and contribute to tumor progression and metastasis via the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6). Herein, we have investigated the role of IL-6 in PM of gastric cancer (GC) and whether anti-IL-6 receptor antibody (anti-IL-6R Ab) could inhibit PM of GC. IL-6 and α-smooth muscle (α-SMA) expressions were immunohisitochemically investigated in clinical samples of GC and PM. And we investigated the interactions between CAFs and GC cells in vitro. Moreover, anti-tumor effects of anti-IL-6R Ab to PM of GC were investigated in murine orthotopic PM model. IL-6 expression was significantly correlated with α-SMA expression in clinical samples of GC and higher IL-6 expression in the primary tumor was associated with poor prognosis of GC. And higher IL-6 and α-SMA expressions were also observed with PM of GC. In vitro, the differentiation of fibroblasts into CAFs and chemoresistance was observed in GC cells cocultured with fibroblasts. Anti-IL-6R Ab inhibited the progression of PM of GC cells cocultured with fibroblasts in orthotopic mouse model although it could not inhibit the progression of PM consisting of GC cells alone. IL-6 expression in TME was associated with poor prognosis of GC and CAFs were associated with establishment and progression of PM via IL-6. The anti-IL-6R Ab could inhibit PM of GC by the blockade of IL-6 secreted by CAFs, which might be a novel therapeutic strategy for PM of GC.
Community Volunteer Experiences In Detecting And Preventing Stunting in Pregnant Women in Indonesia : A Qualitative Study
Authors: Sukmawati Sukmawati , Hermayanti Yanti , Fadlyana Eddy , Maulana Indra , Mediani Henny Suzana
Published: November 2024

Background
Stunting in children is still a public health problem in Indonesia and is of concern to the Indonesian government. Stunting in children can have both immediate and lasting impacts on the development of human capital and the future productivity of those affected individuals as they mature. Therefore, it is crucial for health care professionals and community volunteers to prioritize the detection and prevention of stunting in pregnant women in Indonesia health context. This study aims to understand and describe the experiences of community volunteers in detecting and preventing stunting in pregnant women.
Methods
A qualitative approach was employed in this study, conducted at the Garut Regency Health Center in West Java Province, Indonesia. Individual semi-structured, in-depth interviews were carried out with 15 community volunteers between August and September 2023. The data were then analyzed using thematic analysis.
Results
The study identified four theme clusters emerged from the thematic analysis: (1) challenges in detecting stunting in pregnant women, (2) effective communication with pregnant women and their family, (3) the need to increase knowledge in detecting and preventing stunting, (4) role and responsibility as health cadres in preventing stunting.
Tuning of spin-transfer torque in VSe$_2$-based vdW magnetic tunnel junctions by electrode polytypes
Authors: Davoudiniya Masoumeh , Sanyal Biplab
Published: November 2024

Inspired by the promising properties of monolayer 1T-VSe$_2$, known for its ferromagnetic ordering and Curie temperature above room temperature, we developed a 2D van der Waals heterostructure featuring VSe$_2$ as the ferromagnetic layer, flanked by non-magnetic TaS$_2$ electrodes and MoS$_2$ as the tunneling barrier. Using \emph{ab initio} quantum transport simulations within the nonequilibrium Green’s function framework, we explored the impact of TaS$_2$ electrode polytypes on the device's quantum transport properties. Our results reveal that devices with 1T-TaS$_2$ electrodes exhibit higher spin-dependent transmission compared to 2H-TaS$_2$ electrodes. Incorporating MoS$_2$ enhances anisotropic tunnel magnetoresistance significantly, reaching 168\% for the 1T-device and 1419\% for the 2H-device, peaking when VSe$_2$ layers' magnetizations are antiparallel. Spin-transfer torque (STT) analysis shows that STT magnitude is highest at 90$^\circ$ ($-702~\mu$eV/V for 1T and $-1561~\mu$eV/V for 2H devices) and decreases towards 180$^\circ$. The 1T-device shows superior performance with lower Gilbert damping, reduced critical current density and voltage for magnetization switching, compared to the 2H-device, which requires significantly higher current and voltage. These findings underscore the potential of 1T-VSe$_2$-based heterostructures for advanced spintronic applications.
Systematic Development of PPY/GO/ZnO Hybrid Composite for Electrochemical Detection of Pb2+ in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Singh Goverdhan , Gupta Nisha , Kumar Anil , Prasher Parteek , Mudila Harish
Published: November 2024

The accumulation of heavy metals in water sources at levels exceeding acceptable limits poses a serious risk to human health and the environment. Various electrochemical methods and electroactive materials have been employed to identify and measure these metal ions. However effective, low-cost, sensitive, stability, with low detection limit and high reproducibility, is the major requirement of such sensing materials. In this regard, an enhanced hybrid ternary composite PGT based on polypyrrole, GO, and ZnO (PPY/GO/ZnO) has been fabricated and is reportedly being used for the first time to identify lead (Pb2+) ions at the trace level in aqueous solutions. The ternary composite was characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to study its structural, morphological, and thermal properties. The electrochemical response of the composite material was analyzed using Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Electron impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in potassium ferricyanide as a redox probe. The sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility of the PGT were studied via the differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) technique. The electrode material shows a good linear response (R2 = ~ 0.98) with a limit of detection of 0.05 µM for Pb2+ ions within the concentration range of 0.3 to 3 µM. The reproducibility RSD (1.089%), stability RSD (3.67%), and interference of the working electrode in the presence of other metal ions (Cd2+ and Cu2+) show a good response. These results represent the possibilities of employing the PGT electrode to effectively detect other heavy metal ions from aqueous sources.
Factors influencing the incidence of early gastric cancer: A Bayesian Network analysis
Authors: Li Ruiyu , Yang Taiming , Dong Zi , Gao Yin , Li Nan , Song Ting , Sun Jinshu , Chen Ying
Published: November 2024

Background
This study aims to establish a Bayesian network risk prediction model for gastric cancer using data mining methods. It explores both direct and indirect factors influencing the incidence of gastric cancer and reveals the interrelationships among these factors.
Methods
Data were collected from early cancer screenings conducted at the People's Hospital of Lincang between 2022 and 2023. A Lasso regression model was utilized for preliminary variable selection, and the Bayesian network model was constructed using R software. The network structure analysis was visualized with Netica software, followed by inference and evaluation of the model.
Results
The incidence rate of gastric cancer in this region high-risk population was determined to be 7.09%. The Lasso regression model identified several risk factors for gastric cancer, including ethnicity, upper gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, acid reflux, vomiting), alcohol consumption, severe gastric intestinal metaplasia, and a family history of upper gastrointestinal cancers. A total of seven risk factors were incorporated into the Bayesian network model, resulting in a network structure consisting of eight nodes and twelve edges. The area under the curve (AUC) for the network model was found to be 0.615.
Conclusion
The Bayesian network model provides an intuitive framework for understanding the direct and indirect factors contributing to the early onset of gastric cancer, elucidating the interrelationships among these factors. Furthermore, the model demonstrates satisfactory predictive performance, which may facilitate the early detection of gastric cancer and enhance the levels of early diagnosis and treatment among high-risk populations.
Isoform-resolution single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the transcriptional panorama of adult Baoshan pig testis cells
Authors: Lin Wan , zhang Xia , Liu Zhipeng , Huo Hailong , Chang Yongcheng , Zhao Jiading , Gong Shaorong , Zhao Guiying , Huo Jinlong Huo
Published: November 2024

Background
The testis is the primary organ of the male reproductive system, responsible for sperm production and androgen secretion. Given the complexity of spermatogenesis, understanding cellular heterogeneity and gene expression in the pig testis is essential. However, the cellular composition of the pig testis remains poorly understood. Here, we employed both long-read and short-read single-cell RNA sequencing on Baoshan pig testis to uncover gene expression patterns and cellular diversity.
Results
We meticulously discerned mature testicular architecture and an orderly progression of spermatogenesis, identifying 11,520 single cells, 23,402 genes, six stages of spermatogenesis, including Spermatogonia (SPG), early-stage primary Spermatocytes (Early SPC), late-stage Spermatocytes (Late SPC), Round Spermatids (RS), Elongating/elongated Spermatids (ES), and culminating in spermatozoa (Sperm), and nine distinct cell types, including sertoli cells, macrophages, peritubular myoid cells, spermatogonia, early and late spermatocytes, round and elongated spermatids, and spermatozoa, unveiling cellular heterogeneity and dynamics of spermatogenesis. We obtained the dynamic expression changes of 16 vital marker genes during spermatogenesis. Functional analysis revealed that germ cells at various stages were involved in specific biological processes, while cell communication networks highlighted eight pivotal signaling pathways, including MIF, NRG, WNT, VEGF, BMP, CCL, PARs, and ENHO pathways. Long-read sequencing further captured the full integrity and diversity of RNA transcripts, identifying 60% of the novel annotated isoforms and revealing that FSM isoforms exhibited longer transcript lengths, longer coding sequences, longer open reading frames, and a great number of exons, suggesting the complexity of isoforms within the testicular microenvironment.
Conclusions
Our results provide insight into the cellular heterogeneity, intercellular communication, and gene expression/transcript diversity in porcine testes, and offer a valuable resource for understanding the molecular mechanisms of porcine spermatogenesis.
The Impact of Smartphone Addiction on Physical Activity, Fatigue, and Sleep Quality among Rural Health Science Students
Authors: ERGÖNÜL Esin , KESKİN Tahir , ERGAN Mesut , BAŞKURT Ferdi , BAŞKURT Zeliha
Published: November 2024

This study examines the relationship between smartphone addiction and physical activity levels, fatigue, and sleep quality among Health Sciences students in a rural Mediterranean area. Prior research indicates that smartphone addiction is prevalent among young adults and can negatively impact physical and mental health. However, its effects on students in rural regions are underexplored. This study aims to provide comprehensive data on how rural students may be susceptible to smartphone addiction and its potential adverse effects. A total of 322 students participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed questionnaires assessing socio-demographic variables, smartphone addiction, fatigue, physical activity, and sleep quality. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and Spearman correlation analyses with SPSS 20.0 software. The findings revealed that 43.5% of the students were classified as smartphone addicted. The mean score for smartphone addiction was 30.28 (11.12), with female students scoring higher than males. No significant correlation was found between smartphone addiction and physical activity or sleep quality. However, levels of behavioral, sensory, and cognitive fatigue were significantly higher in the smartphone-addicted group. Furthermore, increased smartphone dependence was associated with elevated levels of all fatigue domains. The study concludes that smartphone addiction is prevalent among Health Sciences students, particularly among females, who may have a greater need for social interaction and emotional support. Addiction exacerbates fatigue but does not significantly impact physical activity or sleep quality. The higher addiction rates among female students might be attributed to their increased need for social connectivity and emotional sustenance. The constant notifications and interruptions from smartphone use can lead to attention fragmentation and cognitive fatigue. The findings indicate a clear need for focused attention on managing smartphone use and addressing fatigue to mitigate the negative impact of this behavior on students' well-being.
OLTunes: Online learning-based Auto-tuning System for DL Inference in Heterogeneous GPU Cluster
Authors: Kim Seoyoung , Ha Jiwon , Kim Yoonhee
Published: November 2024

With rapid AI advancements, GPU accelerator technology is also evolving, increasing heterogeneous computing nodes in datacenters. This requires schedulers to recognize and optimally manage diverse resources to meet application needs dynamically. For latency-sensitive tasks like deep learning inference, lack of precise GPU scheduling leads to resource interference, degrading both application performance and overall GPU utilization. The rise of NLP and LLMs has intensified focus on models that balance throughput and latency, but dynamic loads on specific resources can degrade performance through head-of-line blocking. Thus, proactive resource management is essential for reducing costs while ensuring QoS and maintaining energy efficiency.This paper introduces OLTunes, a cluster-level scheduling system for deep learning inference models, which combines streaming and batch methods to efficiently handle online and offline models. Leveraging FM-FTML, an online learning technique, OLTunes optimizes runtime environments and resource selection to meet user SLA via prediction and optimization. It forms co-running groups based on job characteristics and model variants to reduce interference, ensuring complementary affinities between tasks. OLTunes also automatically tunes resources and settings to enhance performance and reduce resource fragmentation. Performance experiments on a heterogeneous GPU cluster showed an average GPU utilization improvement of 58%, reduced P99 tail latency by up to 49%, and increased throughput by 61%. It also achieved approximately 84.6% energy savings with a maximum accuracy loss of 4% and reduced latency-sensitive SLO violations by up to 92% compared to other baselines, ensuring end-to-end QoS.
Spatial epidemiology of Tabanus (Diptera: Tabanidae) vectors of Trypanosoma
Authors: Marques Roberta , Jiménez-García Daniel , Escobar Luis Ernesto , Krolow Tiago Kütter , Krüger Rodrigo Ferreira
Published: November 2024

Background
Trypanosoma are protozoa parasites that infect animals and can cause economic losses in cattle production. Trypanosoma live in the blood and are transmitted by hematophagous insects, such as flies in the genus Tabanus. Using ecological niche models, we explored the current geography of six common Tabanus species in Brazil, which are considered vectors of Trypanosoma vivax and Tr. evansi in the Neotropics.
Methods
We used georeferenced data, and biotic and abiotic variables integrated using a fundamental ecological niche modeling approach. Modeling results from six Tabanus species were used to identify risk areas of Trypanosoma transmission in Latin America accounting for area predicted, landscape conditions, and density of livestock. We performed Jaccard, Schoener, and Hellinger metrics to indicate the ecological niche similarities of pairs of Tabanus species to identify known and likely vectors overlapping in distribution across geographies.
Results
Our results revealed significant ecological niche similarities for two Tabanus species (T. pungens and T. sorbillans), whereas T. triangulum and T. importunus have low ecological similarity. Ecological niche models predicted risk of Trypanosoma transmission across Neotropical countries, with the highest risk in southern South America, Venezuela, and central Mexico.
Conclusions
More than 1.6 billion cattle and 38 million horses are under a threat category for infection risk. Furthermore, we identified specific areas and livestock populations at high risk of trypanosomiasis in Latin America. This study reveals the areas, landscapes, and populations at risk of Trypanosoma infections in livestock in the Americas.
Effects of fucoidan and quercetin on the innate immunity and disease resistant of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)
Authors: Jin Qingri , Ji Xinyu , Wei Xiali , Gong Jing , Zhu Fei
Published: November 2024

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) acts as a dangerous pathogen which threat the farming of crustaceans. The feed additive combination of 30 mg/kg fucoidan and 40 mg/kg quercetin (fucoidan + quercetin) significantly improved the survival of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) after infection with WSSV. This study aims to investigate the effect of diet supplemented fucoidan and quercetin on the innate immunity and disease resistance of crayfish by studying the apoptosis of hemocytes, crayfish mortality rate and related immune parameters. The results showed that the survival rate of crayfish treated by fucoidan + quercetin was more than 40%, which was significantly improved compared with that of other groups. The fucoidan + quercetin enhanced the total hemocyte counts in crayfish with or without WSSV infection. The data of apoptosis presented that the combined diet of fucoidan and quercetin has a protective effect on the hemocytes of crayfish, and can reduce the apoptosis of hemocytes after WSSV infection. In addition, the combined diet of fucoidan and quercetin can affect the activities of various immune-related enzymes including SOD, PO, CAT, POD, LMZ and ACP, thus modulating the related immune processes. In conclusion, the combination of fucoidan and quercetin can regulate crayfish’s innate immunity and reduce mortality of crayfish after infection with WSSV.
Secure Cross-Chain Interactions: A Relay Chain Framework with Privacy and Auditability Solutions
Authors: Feng Libo , Wu Peng , Hu Kai , Yao Shaowen
Published: November 2024

Recent advancements in blockchain technology have heightened interest in enabling information transfer and value exchange across different blockchains. To tackle asset and data interoperability challenges, cross-chain technology has emerged, though it often risks transaction privacy leakage. This paper presents a relay chain-based cross-chain model that facilitates operations through the relay chain while storing generated information on-chain, ensuring traceability. A privacy protection scheme and a verifiable multi-node key-sharing method are proposed, employing cryptographic techniques to safeguard transaction privacy. In case of disputes, privacy information can be decrypted via the relay chain for auditability. The paper includes a detailed analysis and performance testing of the proposed solution, comparing it with other existing privacy-preserving relay chain solutions, and evaluates the delay performance of the key-sharing algorithm, showcasing its security and feasibility advantages.
Regulation of Gut Microbiota-Derived GABA: Impact of Intestinal pH, Osmolality, and Microbial Consumption
Authors: Pugin Benoit , Ye Kun , Plüss Serafina , Arnoldini Markus , Moresi Claudia , Mujezinovic Denisa , Cornejo Fabian , Lacroix Christophe
Published: November 2024

The production of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by the gut microbiota has garnered attention due to its potential role in the gut-brain axis. However, the regulatory mechanisms governing microbiota-derived GABA under physiologically relevant conditions remain unclear. Here, using the model GABA-producing gut microbe Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, we identified intestinal environmental factors that modulate GABA production. We demonstrate that low pH and high osmolality promote GABA production by driving changes in the expression of the glutamate decarboxylase system. Notably, pH emerged as a critical factor for enhancing GABA production across diverse gut microbes. However, in complex microbial communities, such as the cecum of specific pathogen-free mice and an ex vivo human colon model, GABA levels did not increase under acidic conditions. This was partly due to GABA consumption by GABA-utilizing bacteria. Consistently, reducing cecal pH increased GABA levels in Oligo-MM12 mice, a gnotobiotic model lacking GABA-consuming strains. Our findings highlight the intricate balance between microbial GABA production, consumption, and environmental factors such as pH and osmolality.
Re-emergence and Spread of Norovirus Genotype Gii.17 Variant C in 2021-2023
Authors: N.V. Epifanova , S.V. Oparina , O.V. Morozova , T.A. Sashina , A.E. Alekseeva , N.A. Novikova
Published: November 2024

Norovirus is one of the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis worldwide and is characterized by significant genetic diversity. In this study, based on phylogenetic analysis of the genome sequences of noroviruses circulating in Nizhny Novgorod in 2014–2023, as well as those retrieved from the GenBank database, the return to active circulation of the C variant of the GII.17[P17] genotype, displaced in 2015–2016 by the D variant, is shown. A new subvariant C2, different from the C1 subvariant circulating in the middle of the last decade, was identified. Amino acid substitutions characteristic of C2 were found in the main structural protein VP1, bringing it closer to the Tokyo_JP_1976 strain identified in the 1970s. It was established that the C2 subvariant circulated in 2021–2023 in European and American countries and caused outbreaks of norovirus infection. The data obtained indicate that the evolution of the phylogenetic lineage represented by the C variant of the GII.17 genotype has been continuing in the last decade and has the character of convergence with the ancestral strain, and for four years (2017–2020) these processes were latent.
Modern Ransomware Detection Using Adaptive Flexible Temporal Feature Integration
Authors: Morganti Roberto , Thompson Julian , Jackson Sebastian , Roberts Daniel , Anderson Nicholas
Published: November 2024

The evolution of ransomware attacks, with increasingly complex evasion tactics and multi-stage infection processes, poses severe challenges for traditional cybersecurity defenses that often rely on static, signature-based detection methods. Introducing a novel approach, Adaptive Temporal Feature Integration (ATFI) leverages temporal dynamics to distinguish ransomware activities from legitimate system operations, capturing critical behavioral transitions indicative of ransomware stages. Through adaptive learning mechanisms and the integration of machine learning techniques, including recurrent neural networks and support vector machines, the ATFI model dynamically adjusts feature importance based on temporal patterns, achieving superior detection accuracy and reducing false positives. Empirical findings indicate that ATFI demonstrates high precision and recall across diverse ransomware strains, establishing its robustness and scalability within various enterprise environments. Comparative analyses reveal that ATFI outperforms conventional models by successfully identifying evolving ransomware behaviors, confirming its practical relevance in modern cybersecurity frameworks. The resource-efficient design and scalability of ATFI demonstrate its viability for real-time deployment, making it an advanced tool in protecting digital infrastructures against ransomware threats.
Sleep quality and its associated factors among university students in Malawi
Authors: Mzumara Thokozani , Banda Owen , Munthali George , Banda Lazarus Obed Livingstone , Saka Agness , Kamata Chisomo , Nambala cecilia , Mbughi Mlotha , Lubanga Adriano Focus , Mwakilama Elias
Published: November 2024

Background
Mental, physical, and social well-being have an impact on sleep quality. University students are vulnerable to sleep problems due to academic pressure coupled with psychosocial problems.
Aim
This study aimed to investigate sleep quality and identify its associated factors among university students in Malawi.
Method
A cross-sectional study was conducted using data collected from 984 students across 13 academic institutions (private and public) in Malawi. A standardized questionnaire was administered via Google Forms, assessing demographic sleep quality and its associated factor variables. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and logistic regression analyses were used to explore and examine possible associations between poor sleep quality and various demographic factors.
Results
The study revealed that 28.9% of students experienced poor sleep quality. Gender (p=0.039) and suicidal thoughts (p<0.001) were significantly associated with poor sleep. The results of regression analysis showed that, suicidal thoughts significantly influence bad sleep (p<0.001). However, sleep quality was not significantly influenced by age, year of study, level of study, and gender (p>0.05).
Conclusion
The findings suggest that mental health concerns, particularly suicidal thoughts, are strongly linked to poor sleep quality among university students in Malawi. The results highlight the need for targeted interventions to address sleep-related issues and promote mental well-being among students.
Reliabilität und Validität des Priener Testinventars
Authors:   , Hages Sabine
Published: November 2024

Primäres Ziel der randomisierten, doppelt verblindeten Pilotstudie war es die Interrater-Reliabilität des Priener Testinventars bei zwei verschiedenen Untersuchern (Untersucherkollektiv eins (U1): „Nicht fachkundig“ in der manuellen Medizin; Untersucher zwei (U2): „Fachkundig“ in der manuellen Medizin) zu eruieren. Das Priener Testinventar stellt ein manualmedizinisches Untersuchungsverfahren dar, welches Funktionsstörungen im Bewegungsapparat aufzeigen kann. Ferner sollen bei Anwendung der Tests durch Okklusionsveränderungen auch absteigende muskuläre Verkettungen, ausgehend vom Craniomandibulären System (CMS) detektierbar sein. Sekundär wurde die Fragestellung betrachtet, wie die Ergebnisse des Priener Testinventars mit den Ergebnissen eines Kurzscreenings auf Craniomandibuläre Dysfunktion (CMD) nach Ahlers/Jakstat, modifiziert nach Meyer, korrelieren. Das Priener Testinventar besteht aus fünf Einzeltests. Zeigen mindestens zwei der fünf Tests bei Aufbiss eine Veränderung, so gilt nach Therapie aller aszendenten Ketten eine deszendente Verkettung, ausgehend vom CMS, als sehr wahrscheinlich. Es wurden 44 Probanden in der Poliklinik für Kieferorthopädie am Zentrum der Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde „Carolinum“ der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität in Frankfurt/Main untersucht, von denen die Befunde von 38 Probanden in die Datenauswertung miteinflossen. Es handelte sich dabei um 24 weibliche und 16 männliche Studenten der Zahnmedizin im Alter von 21 bis 43 Jahren (Ø 27,15 Jahre). Zur Einteilung der Probandenkollektive (Testgruppe: CMD; Kontrollgruppe: Non-CMD) wurde das oben genannte (o. g.) Kurzscreening auf CMD von fachkundigen Kieferorthopäden durchgeführt. Es fanden sich in den Befunden der Einzeltests der Priener Testbatterie hohe bis sehr hohe Übereinstimmungsraten zwischen den beiden Untersucherkollektiven (68 - 95%). Lediglich für den Test der „Variablen Beinlänge“ zeigte sich eine eher moderate Übereinstimmungsrate von 45%. Trotz dieser zum Teil sehr guten Korrelationen, konnte sowohl für die Einzeltests als auch für das gesamte Priener Testinventar aufgrund geringer Cohen’s Kappa-Koeffizienten nur von einer schwachen Übereinstimmung der Befunde gesprochen werden. Bezüglich der sekundären Fragestellung ließen sich laut Cohen’s Kappa-Koeffizient für beide Untersucherkollektive ebenfalls nur schwache Übereinstimmungen ihrer erhobenen Gesamtbefunde mit denen des CMD-Kurzscreenings detektieren. Weitere Studien sind daher notwendig.
Language Attitudes and Practices in Multilingual Setting: A Case Study of University Students in Bali
Authors: Putra I Gde Agoes Caskara Surya , Tustiawati Ida Ayu Mela
Published: November 2024

The research aimed to investigate the language attitudes and practices of English Literature Study Program students in Bali towards Balinese, Indonesian, and English. Furthermore, the research also sought to determine whether the students’ attitudes affect their language practices daily. Applying a qualitative case study approach, the present research used a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews to collect data from the 100 participants. Results from the collected data reveal that the participants have similarly positive attitudes towards Balinese, Indonesian, and English. However, their language practices differ significantly: they practice Indonesian positively, while practices for Balinese and English are negative. It highlights a complementary relationship between language attitude and practice for Indonesians but a contradictory relationship between Balinese and English. Notably, the research identifies a generational shift in the practice of Balinese and a potential replacement by English among the cohort in particular and the young generation in Bali generally. These findings underscore the urgency of promoting and preserving the practice of Balinese. The research contributes novel insights into the impact of English on the linguistic dynamics of youth in Bali, especially those who enroll in English Language Programs at universities in Denpasar.
English Language Teaching Materials and Religious Moderation in Indonesian Primary Schools: A Narrative Case Study
Authors: Ghufron M. Ali , Rohman Taufiqur , Aditia M. Rifki
Published: November 2024

The research observed the gap in understanding how English Language Teaching (ELT) materials in Indonesian primary schools promoted religious moderation and fostered values such as tolerance and respect for diversity. Utilizing a narrative case study approach, it examined the role of ELT materials in advancing religious moderation. Through an analysis of ELT textbooks and supplementary resources, the research evaluated the representation of religious moderation themes and explored teachers’ perceptions and use of these materials in their classrooms. The research contributed to the broader discourse on education’s role in fostering peace and tolerance, providing insights for policymakers, educators, and curriculum developers. Applying a qualitative narrative case study design, the research captured the experiences of English language teachers from three primary schools in diverse settings in Pekalongan, Central Java, Indonesia. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, document analysis, and classroom observations, with validation techniques such as triangulation and member checking ensuring credibility. Thematic analysis was used to systematically analyze the data. Findings reveal both the potential and limitations of ELT materials in promoting religious moderation. While textbooks feature characters from diverse cultural and religious backgrounds, they often lack explicit integration of religious moderation values, focusing more on language skills. Teachers address these gaps with supplementary strategies, including additional stories, activities, and discussions that emphasize religious diversity and interfaith tolerance. The research highlights the need for curriculum developers to prioritize religious moderation in educational materials and for policymakers to support professional development initiatives for teachers. Implementing these recommendations can better equip students with values essential for fostering a harmonious and inclusive society.
TikTok como plataforma para la campaña política negativa: Análisis comparado de candidatos presidenciales en Brasil, Chile y Colombia
Authors: Sarasqueta Gonzalo , Ruiz-Rodríguez Leticia
Published: November 2024

Este estudio analiza las campañas políticas negativas en TikTok a través de las cuentas oficiales de seis candidatos presidenciales de Brasil, Chile y Colombia: Jair Bolsonaro, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Gabriel Boric, José Antonio Kast, Rodolfo Hernández y Gustavo Petro. Se realizó un análisis de contenido comparativo de todas las publicaciones realizadas por los candidatos durante sus últimas campañas electorales, abarcando un total de 759 unidades de análisis. La investigación se centra en la frecuencia de los mensajes negativos, su variabilidad según la orientación ideológica, la dimensión en la que se producen los ataques (personal o política) y los temas empleados para manchar la reputación del oponente. Los resultados muestran que TikTok actúa como plataforma propicia para la campaña negativa, evidenciando que la frecuencia y el tipo de mensajes negativos varían significativamente entre candidatos. Además, los estudios de caso ponen de relieve notables diferencias en el uso y la naturaleza de los mensajes negativos en TikTok según la ideología de los candidatos.
Identifying the primary drivers of soil erosion through machine learning: A comparative analysis of three algorithms
Authors: Jarbais Goldi , Harshavardhanan Pon
Published: November 2024

Machine learning is revolutionizing various fields by enabling sophisticated and efficient complex data analysis. This study leverages machine learning algorithms to address the critical issue of soil erosion in Uttar Pradesh, India. Soil erosion significantly impacts soil fertility, vital for the country's agricultural sustainability and economic stability. Effective soil erosion mitigation requires a detailed understanding of its contributing factors, which vary across different regions. In this research, we analyzed 15 factors influencing soil erosion using three machine learning algorithms: multiple linear regression, AdaBoost regression, and gradient boosting regression. Our findings revealed that slope is the most significant factor contributing to soil erosion. Among the algorithms, multiple linear regression demonstrated superior performance, providing the most accurate predictions with the lowest error rate. By harnessing the power of machine learning, this study underscores a transformative approach to environmental analysis and offers actionable insights for mitigating soil erosion. These findings can inform more effective soil conservation strategies, ultimately supporting sustainable agricultural practices and economic resilience in India.
Novel dissolved oxygen distribution model of a full-scale aeration tank for a municipal wastewater treatment plant in a cold climate region
Authors: Ukkonen Petri , Mulas M. , Mikola A.
Published: November 2024

Aeration is the most energy-intensive process in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Seasonal variation in hydraulic flow and load has a significant effect on WWTP's aeration energy efficiency. High flow and temperature variations are common in cold climate regions, and with climate change increasing, extreme weather events will accentuate these situations. The prediction of oxygen mass transfer is crucial for minimizing the energy consumption of the aeration tank. This study presents a computational fluid dynamics model for a turbulent flow regime, simulating the hydraulics and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration distribution of two phases, water and air bubbles, in a full-scale, as-built activated sludge tank. Model validation error was less than 15%. Different seasonal flows and temperatures were investigated by fixing liquid side oxygen mass transfer coefficient (kL) to 0.7 × 10–5 m/s and initial bubble diameter (dB) to 0.0025 m in the gas phase. The results show that variating hydraulic flow causes noticeable differences in DO distribution and higher flow could be more effective levelling in DO gradients. More even DO distribution could result in using up to a 10% lower DO setpoint value, using 3% less air for the same treatment result, thus lowering aeration energy cost.
A comprehensive study on bisphenol A and estrogenic activity in the Paraíba do Sul River, São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Roledo Cely , França Daniela Dayrell , dos Santos Feitosa Ingrid Ruanna , Quinaglia Gilson Alves , Montagner Cassiana Carolina , Roubicek Deborah Arnsdorff , dos Reis Adriano Gonçalves
Published: November 2024

In recent decades, contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in aquatic environments have garnered significant attention due to their adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. Among these CECs, bisphenol A (BPA) is a major concern because of its widespread use and endocrine-disrupting properties. Brazil's urbanization and industrial growth have led to significant pollution challenges, primarily due to inadequate sewage infrastructure and untreated domestic wastewater being discharged into rivers, contributing to the presence of emerging contaminants in surface waters. This study assessed BPA contamination and estrogenic activity in the Paraíba do Sul River in São Paulo State, Brazil. BPA was detected in 50% of the samples, with concentrations ranging from 11.1 to 116.9 ng L−1. The estrogenic activity assay also showed positive results in 50% of the samples, ranging from 0.12 to 1.36 ng L−1 of estradiol-equivalent, indicating the presence of multiple compounds contributing to estrogenic effects. This underscores the need for a comprehensive approach to monitoring water quality. The water quality index (WQI) revealed compromised water quality at the studied sites, particularly during the rainy season. The correlation between the WQI, BPA, and estrogenic activity parameters suggests that endocrine-disrupting compounds significantly impact water quality, exacerbated by inadequate wastewater treatment infrastructure.
Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Anlotinib Combined with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Treatment of Advanced Squamous Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Single-Center Study in China
Authors: Xu Bin , Xu Chunhua , Li Li , Wang Yuchao
Published: November 2024

Background:

There is a relative lack of real-world data regarding the treatment of
advanced squamous cell lung cancer (SqCLC) with anlotinib.

Aims and Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of combining
anlotinib with ICIs for the treatment of advanced SqCLC.

Methods:

Sixty patients with advanced SqCLC from December, 2017 to December, 2022, were
retrospectively recruited in the final analysis. The overall survival (OS), adverse events (AEs),
and short-term clinical effectiveness, including complete remission (CR), partial remission
(PR), stable disease (SD), and progression disease (PD) of the study populations, were observed.
Objective response rate (ORR) was defined as the combined percentage of CR and PR in all
patients. Disease control rate (DCR) was defined as the combined percentage of CR, PR, and
SD in all patients. Subgroups were classified based on age (<65 or ≥65), sex (female or male),
and the eastern cooperative oncology group (ECOG) score (0-1 or 1-2).

Results:

The median age of the study population was 65 years, and 41 (68.3%) of the participants
were male. ORR was 21.67%, and DCR was 83.33%. The median PFS and OS were 7.5
and 19.5 months, respectively. Furthermore, the Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated no significant
difference (P >0.05) in PFS and OS between different age groups, sex, and ECOG scores.
Bone marrow suppression was the most common AE, followed by immune pneumonia.

result:

The median age of the study population was 65 years, and 41 (68.3%) of the participants were male. ORR was 21.67%, and DCR was 83.33%. The median PFS and OS was 7.5 and 19.5 months, respectively. Furthermore, the Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that no significant difference (P >0.05) of PFS and OS was found between different age group, sex and ECOG score. Bone marrow suppression was the most common AE, followed by immune pneumonia.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study confirmed the effectiveness and safety of anlotinib and
ICIs for advanced SqCLC.
Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in the Prognosis of Lung Adenocarcinoma: An Integrated Analysis
Authors: Wang Qilong , Sun Nannan , Li Jianhao , Huang Fengxiang , Zhang Zhao
Published: November 2024

Background:

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a highly lethal malignancy. Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation (LLPS) plays a crucial role in targeted therapies for lung cancer and in the progression of lung squamous cell carcinoma. However, the role of LLPS in the progression and prognosis of LUAD remains insufficiently explored.

Methods:

This study employed a multi-step approach to identify LLPS prognosis-related genes in LUAD. First, differential analysis, univariate Cox regression analysis, Random Survival Forest (RSF) method, and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis were utilized to identify five LLPS prognosis-related genes. Subsequently, LASSO Cox regression was performed to establish a prognostic score termed the LLPS-related prognosis score (LPRS). Comprehensive analyses were then conducted based on the LPRS, including survival analysis, clinical feature analysis, functional enrichment analysis, and tumor microenvironment assessment. The LPRS was integrated with additional clinicopathological factors to develop a prognostic nomogram for LUAD patients. Immunohistochemical validation was performed on clinical tissue samples to further validate the findings. Finally, the relationship between KRT6A, one of the identified genes, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations was investigated.

Results:

The LPRS was established using five LLPS-related genes: IGF2BP1, KRT6A, LDHA, PKP2, and PLK1. Higher LPRS was closely associated with poor survival outcomes, gender, progression-free survival (PFS), and advanced TNM stage. Furthermore, LPRS emerged as an independent prognostic factor for LUAD. A nomogram integrating LPRS, TNM stage, and age demonstrated remarkable predictive accuracy for prognosis among patients with LUAD. LLPS likely influences LUAD prognosis through the activity of IGF2BP1, KRT6A, LDHA, PKP2, and PLK1. KRT6A exhibits significant upregulation in LUAD, particularly in patients with EGFR mutations.

Conclusion:

This study introduces a novel LPRS model that demonstrates high accuracy in pre-dicting the clinical prognosis of LUAD. Moreover, the findings suggest that KRT6A may play a critical role in the LLPS-mediated malignant progression of LUAD.