bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in extremely hot days under stabilized 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C global warming scenarios as simulated by the HAPPI multi-model ensemble
Authors: Wehner Michael , Stone Dáithí , Mitchell Dann , Shiogama Hideo , Fischer Erich , Graff Lise S. , Kharin Viatcheslav V. , Lierhammer Ludwig , Sanderson Benjamin , Krishnan Harinarayan
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The Half A degree additional warming, Prognosis and Projected Impacts (HAPPI) experimental protocol provides a multi-model database to compare the effects of stabilizing anthropogenic global warming of 1.5 °C over preindustrial levels to 2.0 °C over these levels. The HAPPI experiment is based upon large ensembles of global atmospheric models forced by sea surface temperature and sea ice concentrations plausible for these stabilization levels. This paper examines changes in extremes of high temperatures averaged over three consecutive days. Changes in this measure of extreme temperature are also compared to changes in hot season temperatures. We find that the differences between the two stabilization scenarios in extreme high temperatures over land ranges from about 0.25 to 1.0 °C depending on location and model. Results from the HAPPI models are consistent with similar results from the one available fully coupled climate model. However, a complicating factor in interpreting extreme temperature changes across the HAPPI models is their diversity of aerosol forcing changes.
Track-dependency of tropical cyclone risk in South Korea
Authors: Nam Chaehyeon C. , Park Doo-Sun R. , Ho Chang-Hoi , Chen Deliang
Published: October 2017

Abstract. In tropical cyclone (TC) risk assessment, many of previous studies have attempted to construct the statistical relationship of TC damage and three risk elements–exposure, vulnerability, and hazard. For hazard parameters, central minimum pressure, maximum wind speed, and size have been widely utilized while track was not mainly considered as one of critical hazard parameters. This study shows that, in a decision tree analysis for TCs that made landfall in South Korea during 1979–2010, track is the primary factor to predict damage occurrence. Small track deviations ≤ 250 km could distinctively change the damage maps for South Korea. This significant track-dependency of TC risk exists because TC track is responsible for realization of the other hazards from a potential to an active hazard, such as wind gusts or downpours at a given settlement. TC track determines the overall severity and spatial distribution of the active hazards by changing the combination of multiple factors: physical geography experience, duration of influence, and relative position of dangerous semicircle side of the TC. These results indicate that large uncertainty in future track projection may seriously mislead future TC risk modelling because trivial track projection error alone can produce severe error in damage projection even when TC frequency and intensity value is precise and accurate.
Gendering Globalized Flows in Bertrand Bonello’s Tiresia
Authors: Dokou Christina
Published: October 2017

Presented as the conciliatory voice of wisdom, Teiresias, the blind Theban seer who had been both man and woman, exemplifies how transcending gender can lead to a questioning of normative, victimizing cultural mandates within the polis. This gender-bending acquires further applications in Bertrand Bonello’s 2003 film, Tiresia, about the myth-informed travails of a transsexual Brazilian illegal immigrant prostitute in France. The film daringly deconstructs the dividing lines within contemporary globalized flows: immigrants vs. citizens, men vs. women, dogma vs. humanity. The performative gender of “Tiresia” exposes but also exacerbates the effects of cultural violence, yet also intimates peaceful alternatives.
El mito de Narciso en Yo soy otro (2008) de Óscar Campo: del misterio del ser a la violencia (auto)terrorista
Authors: Cantillo Lucuara Mayron Estefan
Published: October 2017

En el presente artículo, analizaremos al detalle la refiguración posmoderna del mito clásico de Narciso en el largometraje Yo soy otro (2008), dirigido por el cineasta colombiano Óscar Campo. Según argüiremos desde una amplia perspectiva filosófica enfocada en las epistemologías contemporáneas del individuo posmetafísico, este filme propone una apropiación audaz de la trágica historia del efebo heleno que subsume las preocupaciones existenciales que determinan al sujeto contemporáneo y causan su auto-absorción individualista, su líquida impotencia, su falta de referentes trascendentales y sus pulsiones mortíferas.
Lazos victorianos para la resurrección del Servicio Secreto de su Majestad
Authors: Valls Oyarzun Eduardo
Published: October 2017

El fenómeno James Bond ha sido abordado para discutir nociones de identidad británica, ética imperialista, revisiones de la masculinidad y comodificación de la clase media. Con todo, el canon crítico que ha tratado el fenómeno no ha explorado los orígenes ideológicos del mito, a saber, la teoría del Héroe de Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881), patrón principal de la ideología victoriana de la norma. El presente artículo explora la película Skyfall (2012) de Sam Mendes como análisis profundo del mito Bond como constructo carlyleano (vale decir también, Victoriano), a través de la idea de “resurrección” (uno de los motivos más significativos del film). El artículo concluye que la película abraza y celebra la ideología Victoriana (con sus ideas de estabilidad y dependencia) integradas en el fenómeno James Bond como mito.
Vértigo y éxtasis. La dialéctica entre mística e historia en el judaísmo medieval español
Authors: Fernández López José Antonio
Published: October 2017

Una marcada singularidad se halla asociada al judaísmo desde sus orígenes. Pueblo configurado por lo histórico, sin embargo, la propia historia judía acoge en su seno unas fuerzas que desdibujan la continuidad y restan substancia a la mecánica sucesión temporal de la cronología. Junto a la historia, el tiempo y la cronología, encontramos la irrupción y el desbordamiento de estados temporales alternativos, vivencias paradójicas de la propia existencia colectiva en el tiempo. La Edad Media y la península Ibérica verán manifestarse todas ellas en una asombrosa ceremonia del desbordamiento del espíritu humano.
El papel de la experiencia sensible en el método cartesiano
Authors: Vásquez Miguel
Published: October 2017

El presente artículo busca mostrar que el rol de la experiencia sensible en la filosofía de Descartes no puede ser comprendido al margen de sus afirmaciones en torno al conocimiento puramente intelectual. En tal sentido, enmarcados en este propósito, se analizan primeramente, a manera de introducción, algunos pasajes de la filosofía de Descartes en los cuales éste resalta la importancia de la experimentación en su propuesta. Posteriormente se busca mostrar el papel que Descartes le asigna a las llamadas ‘experiencias comunes’ y a la sensación dentro de la explicación científica. Finalmente, se ofrece una explicación acerca de cómo se relacionarían experiencia y razón en la filosofía del autor a fin de apreciar de forma general en qué consistiría su modelo explicación científica.
El deber y lo “justo” en la ética fenomenológica: hacia una ética deontológica material
Authors: Fernández Beites Pilar
Published: October 2017

Este ensayo defiende que la ética de los valores desarrollada a partir de la fenomenología clásica incluye una interesante teoría del deber. Desarrollando algunas tesis de Max Scheler, se ofrece aquí una noción fenomenológica de “deber” (o de “corrección”, si usamos el término de Ross), que está ligado a un valor muy peculiar: el valor de lo “justo”. Esto permite alejar por completo la ética fenomenológica de los valores de todo tipo de “consecuencialismo” y la sitúa en las cercanías del “deontologismo”. Pero el deber de la ética fenomenológica no es un deber formal, sino fundado en el valor, de modo que podríamos hablar de un “deontologismo material”, que aspira a servir de mediación entre los dos grandes paradigmas clásicos.
Por una crítica de la "Diferencia"
Authors: Maureira Marco
Published: October 2017

El presente artículo analiza el concepto de Diferencia en la filosofía de Gilles Deleuze. Se constata, en este sentido, que la dicotomía inmanencia-trascendencia juega un papel protagónico en la articulación de dicha propuesta. Si bien un plano de composición inmanente no entra en una dialéctica negativa de tipo hegeliano respecto a un plano de organización trascendente, la primacía del primero resulta evidente en la conceptualización de la diferencia. Así, analizaremos las tensiones generadas por dicho enfoque en lo concerniente al despliegue de la diferencia como razón suficiente en un plano inmanente, lo cual nos llevará a problematizar este concepto desde un plano diferente; a saber, un plano inminente que emerge de forma silenciosa en el último trabajo de Gilles Deleuze.
Control, temporal orientation, and the cross-linguistic grammar of trying
Authors: Grano Thomas
Published: October 2017

The verb try plays a starring role in many example sentences in the control literature. But one of its most basic properties has eluded satisfying explanation: for many speakers of English, try rejects non-control infinitival complements, as in %I tried for John to notice me or %John tried for there to be food on the table. A number of scholars have hypothesized that this fact about try has a semantic basis, but this hypothesis has yet to be fully reconciled with the problem of cross-dialectal and cross-linguistic variation and with existing formal semantic approaches to try-sentences. In this paper, based in part on a novel observation from Spanish and Hebrew about how try’s complement type interacts with its temporal orientation, I aim to further substantiate the semantic approach to try’s behavior. The proposal is couched in an explicit compositional treatment of the formal semantics of try-sentences, whereby non-control try-sentences induce a presupposition failure which can be repaired in some languages via a coercion mechanism that is independently detectable in that in some languages it enables a future orientation for the complement. The implication is that cross-linguistic variation in the inventory of coercion mechanisms obscures an underlyingly principled semantic basis for try’s behavior.
Quando os laços de amizade e solidariedade são rompidos: questões de disputa e medição de terras e posse de animais
Authors: Von Mühlen Caroline
Published: October 2017

Este artigo analisa alguns confrontos cotidianos e episódios conflituosos ocasionados por questões econômicas envolvendo alemães, seus descendentes e nacionais em São Leopoldo, entre 1846 e 1871. Ao analisar e quantificar os dados de processos criminais, constatou-se

que os agentes históricos faziam uso da violência em situações de disputas de terras, problemas decorrentes de medições e invasões de propriedades. Os desentendimentos e os conflitos ocorreram, sobretudo, entre vizinhos, amigos e conhecidos. Assim, as relações sociais, por um lado, podiam ser permeadas por redes de amizade, solidariedade e reciprocidade,

mas, por outro, podiam ser rompidas, gerando inimizades, rixas e

conflitos. Busca-se, neste texto, atentar para os comportamentos dos indivíduos envolvidos nas querelas, as motivações para as disputas e o contexto histórico dos atores sociais.
Traduções do fantástico de Roald Dahl: um estudo baseado no corpus da obra Charlie and the Chocolate Factory
Authors: Serpa Talita , Geromini Priscila Taconi , Do Rego Andreia Regia Nogueira
Published: October 2017

O presente trabalho analisa a tradução da obra de Roald Dahl, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (1964) para o Português no que tange o léxico voltado à Literatura Infantil Fantástica. Para tanto, valemo-nos da Literatura Infantil (COELHO, 1991, 2000), da Literatura Fantástica (TODOROV, 1975; HELD, 1980), bem como salientamos os Estudos do Léxico (BIDERMAN, 1987), a Linguística de Corpus (BERBER SARDINHA, 2000) e os Estudos da Tradução Baseados em Corpus (BAKER, 1993, 1996; CAMARGO, 2005, 2007). Comparamos o texto traduzido (TT) ao texto original (TO) com o auxílio do software WordSmith Tools, a fim de reconhecer frequência e concordância de itens lexicais presentes na escrita de Dahl, os quais retomam fatores pertinentes ao mundo mágico. Sendo assim, traçamos caminhos para a análise dessa linguagem tanto na Língua Fonte quanto na Língua Meta, salientando o modo como se relacionam na concepção do maravilhoso para o público infantil.
Uma proposta de análise do gênero GIF poem a partir de “Asas” e “Volve”, de Arnaldo Antunes
Authors: Bertges Lívia Ribeiro , Pereira Vinícius Carvalho
Published: October 2017

O suporte, como integrante e mesmo determinante de novas experiências estéticas, fomenta distintas formas de interação e leituras de textualidades poéticas. No contexto dos novos suportes advindos da revolução digital, o formato GIF, popular em ambientes virtuais, tem sido usado em processos de reelaboração de poemas originalmente publicados em meio impresso. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo analisa duas transposições das séries poéticas “Asas” (1991) e “Volve” (1997), de Arnaldo Antunes, para o gênero poema em GIF animado. Tais poemas estabelecem e potencializam fenômenos de movência, velocidade e repetição, dinâmicas inerentes a esse novo gênero de poesia digital. Para tanto, discutimos questões espaciotemporais caras à poesia visual, no que tange à transposição de “Asas” e “Volve” para o formato GIF, à luz das metáforas do caleidoscópio e da luneta, instrumentos ópticos que medeiam a relação entre aquele que vê e aquilo que é visto, desnaturalizando poeticamente a percepção.
A Study on ESL Teachers’ Intercultural Communication Competence
Authors: Zhang Yechun
Published: October 2017

Intercultural Communication Competence (ICC) is the absolute necessity for talents in the 21st century. Meanwhile, the development of ICC competence has already become a new teaching concept, which will penetrate in all aspects of language teaching activities. Indeed, to facilitate language learners to develop ICC, language teachers, especially those teaching English as Second Language (ESL), should first be competent intercultural communicators with great confidence and sufficient experience.The study is undertaken to discover real picture of the ESL teachers’ ICC competence by measuring their individual system, episodic system, and relational system. Most ESL teachers under the test are strong in their individual system in that they are highly proficient in English, and they have a good deposit of cultural and linguistic knowledge in target language. In this case, they are mostly likely to achieve communication effectiveness in intercultural communication. Nevertheless, they don’t have well-built episodic system and relational system. This is largely due to the facts that they haven’t experienced varying intercultural contexts, and the interpersonal relations with foreigners are inclined to be simple. All these factors contribute to ESL teachers’ incompetence in accomplishing different tasks in intercultural communication, as well as in intercultural education. Therefore, ESL teachers should improve their ICC through real intercultural practices. Besides, the study also tests statistical significance between ICC and overseas experience, and the significance between ICC and frequency of contact with foreigners.
Ideological and Lexical Deviance of Western Media in Reflecting Socio-political Events of Pakistan
Authors: Fatima Saadia , Uzair Muhammad
Published: October 2017

The research in hand has the objectives to analyse how ideologies are expressed through discourse practices in Western media; how a discourse practice and a linguistic strategy in terms of lexical choices are employed in portraying ideologies in media about Pakistan. Grounded on the theoretical framework of Van Dijk’s socio-cognitive approach of critical discourse analysis and model of Ideology which is the most appropriate to study media discourse, the data will be analysed qualitatively. The method of the current research is critical discourse analysis. The research revolves around the Pakistani socio-political events in Western media from the perspective of a global issue that is a war on terrorism. The research has objectives to investigate what and how Western media has used lexical choices to depict a certain ideology about Pakistan to the world.
The Attitudes of the Holy Land Institute for the Deaf-Salt, Jordan towards Deaf Socially and Educationally
Authors: Ziadat Ayed H. , Atiyat Fatima A.
Published: October 2017

The study aimed to recognize the attitudes of the Holy Land Institute for the Deaf-Salt, Jordan towards Deaf Socially and Educationally in the academic year 2016-2017, which consists of instructional and vocational staff towards deaf socially and educationally according to some variables (gender, age, the level of education). The sample of the study included staff members of the institution. The researchers used the Third Likert-Type and the descriptive approach. The sample of the study consisted of 69 persons whose answers achieved the required conditions. The results showed a decrease in the negative attitudes level, which reflected high positive attitudes according to the treatment of the study sample with deaf socially and educationally. Results also showed no significant differences refer to gender and age due to the attitudes. But there were significant differences due to the educational level of the workers in this institution giving advantage to the academic certificate and over, which means there were huge effects to the academic level in the social and educational attitudes towards the deaf.The study recommended the importance of spreading and increasing the level of awareness among the people who work in this institute to the local society about how to cope with positive social and educational attitudes in order to increase the level of the deaf adaption and spread the culture of respecting the categories.
A Physics Model for Analysis on Demographic Structures
Authors: Zhou Wenjie
Published: October 2017

Differing from statistics models for analysis on demographic structures, a physics model based on a set of assumptions is presented. The mortality probability function for a single person is derived to approach an approximation of analytic solutions for population evolution equations. This physics model has offered a kinetic method to forecast demographic structures and population evolution. Furthermore, the cause-and-effect relationship between demographic structures and nature or social forces can be discovered through higher-order solutions in this theory. Indeed, the life expectancy of an individual person can be possibly predicted as well. As an example, the calculated results on major parameters, such as, population structures, population size evolution, survival ratios and life expectancy at birth, show out well matching between zero-order approximations by this model and the real data from China census in the year of 2010.
МОНГОЛ ОРНЫ ХУСНЫ ҮЙСНЭЭС БЕТУЛИН, ЛУПЕОЛ ЯЛГАСАН СУДАЛГААНЫ ДҮН
Authors: Ч Отгонбаяр , А Чимэдцогзол , Р Чук
Published: October 2017

Хус модыг олон талын зориулалтаар ашигладаг бөгөөд тухайлбал, мод, модон бүтээгдэхүүн, бэлэг дурсгалын зүйл үйлдвэрлэхэд өргөн хэрэглэдэг. Үүнээс гадна биологийн идэвхт нэгдлүүдийг агуулсан хус модны нахиа, шүүс, үйснээс эм, гоо сайхан болон хүнсний нэмэлт бүтээгдэхүүн үйлдвэрлэж байна.Түүнчлэн хус модноос идэвхжүүлсэн нүүрс гарган авч, шингээгч болгон хэрэглэдэг.Хусны үйсэнд биологийн өндөр идэвхтэй тритерпент нэгдлүүд их хэмжээтэй агуулагддаг. Иймд Монгол оронд ургадаг Хавтаг навчит хус (Betula platyphylla)-ны үйснээс лупаны бүлэгт хамаарах бетулин, лупеолыг анх удаа ялган авч, бүтэц байгууламжийг нил улаан туяаны спектрометр, 1H, 13C цөмийн соронзон резонансын спектроскопийн аргаар судалж тогтоов.
Desterritorização e reterritorização: processos vivenciados por jovens com deficiência intelectual no contexto da inclusão escolar
Authors: Trentin Valéria Becher
Published: October 2017

Após a promulgação da Política Nacional de Educação Especial na Perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva (BRASIL, 2008), a inclusão de pessoas com deficiência na modalidade da Educação de Jovens e Adultos está ocorrendo de maneira mais acentuada. Mediante essa inclusão, o presente artigo tem por objetivo compreender os processos de desterrittorização e de reterritorização, vivenciados por jovens com deficiência intelectual no contexto da inclusão escolar. De abordagem qualitativa se utilizou como instrumento de coleta de dados a entrevista semiestruturada e, como sujeitos 3 (três) jovens com deficiência intelectual matriculados em um Centro de Educação de Jovens e Adultos (CEJA), situado no Estado de Santa Catarina. A pesquisa foi construída com concepções advindas dos estudos territoriais especialmente nos conceitos de território, desterritorialização e reterritorialização de Deleuze e Guattari, que propiciaram diálogo com a pesquisa. Constatou-se que a inclusão possibilitou aos jovens com deficiência intelectual a descoberta de novos territórios. Na descoberta de novos territórios, os jovens vivenciam processos de desterrritorização e reterritorização. Na desterrritorização, emergem as linhas de fuga, perfilhando uma relação entre o desejo e o pensamento, a terra e o território. No entanto a desterritorização do pensamento vivenciada é acompanhada pela reterritorização no CEJA. Os processos de desterritorização e reterritorização foram marcados por agenciamentos que conduziram os jovens à novas territorialidades. Por meio destes processos os jovens com deficiência intelectual, fazem parte do devir que a inclusão escolar possibilita.
Acessibilidade para estudantes cegos e baixa visão: análise dos objetos educacionais digitais de física
Authors: Voos Ivani Cristina , Ferreira Gabriela Kaiana
Published: October 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma breve análise dos Objetos Educacionais Digitais (OED) disponíveis nas coleções didáticas da componente curricular Física selecionadas no Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD/2015) a fim de averiguar se os mesmos apresentam recursos de acessibilidade para estudantes com deficiência visual. Foram analisadas as quatro coleções de Física que disponibilizaram o recurso digital como parte integrante da obra. Discutir a acessibilidade disponibilizada nos recursos digitais se faz necessária visto o crescente número de estudantes com deficiência visual no ensino regular. Após as análises concluiu-se preliminarmente que nenhuma das quatro coleções apresenta acessibilidade para os recursos, fato esse que pode ser negativo para o processo educativo de estudantes cegos e baixa visão que farão uso dos OED.
Um estudo de caso sobre a atuação inclusiva dos professores de audição e linguagem na Espanha
Authors: Schiavon Daiane Natalia , Heredero Eladio Sebastian
Published: October 2017

Este estudo objetivou caracterizar o trabalho pedagógico do professor de Audição e Linguagem no sistema educativo espanhol (Guadalajara – Castilla-La Mancha). Constituiu-se numa pesquisa de caráter qualitativo. Foi desenvolvida em uma escola Educação Infantil e Primária da cidade de Guadalajara, província de Castilla-La Mancha – Espanha, e participou deste estudo a professora de Audição e Linguagem deste centro. Utilizou-se como instrumentos de coleta de dados a observação do trabalho desta professora e entrevista realizada com a mesma. Os resultados abordaram os aspectos positivos do trabalho do professor de Audição e linguagem para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem de alunos com dificuldades comunicativas ocasionadas ou não por alguma deficiência, bem como a importância de uma formação docente adequada para atender as necessidades dos alunos frente à promoção das competências linguísticas. Destarte, apontaram ainda questões que permitem diálogo e reflexões para o contexto brasileiro, no sentido de novas possibilidades para a educação no país.
Analysis of Correlation and Regression among M2 Wheat Mutant Population for Yield and its Associated Traits
Authors: Saima Bano  , Arshad Ali Kaleri  , Raheela Keerio  , Shabana Memon  , Rameez Raja Kaleri  , Rabab Akram  , Abdul Latif Laghari  , Irfan Ali Chandio  , Sajida Nazeer
Published: October 2017

Crop yield is the resultant product of components character which is not under the control of any single gene, therefore it is necessary for plant breeder to know the relationship between two traits. The present research was conducted to calculate the correlation and regression for yield and yield contributing traits in mutant population of bread wheat. The experiment was conducted at Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA), Tandojam, during rabi season 2015-2016, in split plot design with three replications. Material under study was two wheat varieties (T.D-1 and ESW-9525). These two wheat varieties were evaluated along with control for yield and yield associated traits under normal field conditions. Mean square showed that there were significant differences between wheat varieties for days to 75% heading, days to 75% maturity, plant height (cm), spikelets spike-1, grains spike-1, 1000 grain weight (g), biological yield plant-1 (g), harvest index (%), spike length (cm) and grain yield plant-1 (g). Number of grains spike-1 showed positive and highly significant correlation with spike length, spikelets spike-1, 1000 grain weight and biological yield of plant-1. Significant and positive with days to 75% maturity and harvest index. However, negative correlation was found with height of plant and non-significant but negative with the trait of days to 75% heading. Grain yield plant-1 showed highly positive highly significant association with grains spike-1, number of spikelets spike-1, length of spike, harvest index and biological yield plant-1 and negative with plant height. Approximately 85.9%, 65.2%, 59% and 24.3% variation in grain yield plant-1 is due to grains spike-1, biological yield plant-1, harvest seed index and height of plant, respectively. This shows that taller plants produce lesser grain yield.
So You Think You Can ELF: English as a Lingua Franca as the Medium of Instruction
Authors: Björkman Beyza
Published: October 2017

This paper reports the ﬁndings of a study on spoken English as a lingua franca (ELF) in Swedish higher education. The aim has been to investigate the role pragmatic strategies play in content lectures where English is a lingua franca, i.e. a vehicular language. The ﬁndings show that lecturers in ELF settings make less frequent use of pragmatic strategies than students, who deploy these strategies frequently in group-work projects. Earlier stages of the present study showed that despite frequent non-standardness at the morphosyntax level, there is very little overt disturbance in student group-work (Björkman 2008a and b/2009b), most likely owing to a variety of communicative strategies used during interaction and the questions raised (Björkman 2009a). It seems reasonable to assume that, in the absence of appropriate strategies and questions that serve as real-time signals of disturbance, there is an increased risk for covert disturbance in lectures. This view complies with the ﬁndings of earlier studies on the importance of such strategies (Mauranen 2006, Airey 2009, Hellekjær 2010). The ﬁndings imply that the effectiveness of a speaker of English in academic ELF settings is determined primarily by the speaker’s pragmatic ability and less by his/her proﬁciency. There are important implications of these ﬁndings for lecturers who need to operate in ELF settings. First, increasing interactivity by using pragmatic strategies sufﬁciently frequently appears critical for those involved in English-medium education. It is also important that awareness is raised on target language usage in lecturing in English. Such awareness-raising can be achieved at the macro level by clearly-written language policies that include training for teachers and students who both need to be equipped with the skills needed to cope with the complexities of such settings, and at the micro level, by in-house training and courses that could be administered to both teachers and students.
Teaching through English: Monolingual Policy Meets Multilingual Practice
Authors: Ljosland Ragnhild
Published: October 2017

The present paper proposes to explore the boundaries of Teaching Through English by discussing situations where English meets other languages within the teaching and learning situation and in the surrounding environment. In contrast to the view that the English language is taking over whole areas of society in a process of domain loss, the paper shows that even within ofﬁcially English medium study programmes there is a certain scope for multilingual practices. Through looking in more detail at actual language use in a range of communicative situations within the study environment, the paper seeks to build a more detailed understanding of what constitutes a sociolinguistic domain, and where its boundaries are. The paper is based on a case study of an English medium MSc programme at a Norwegian university.
Municipal Representatives’ Accounts of Decision-Making Practices during Geriatric Case Conferences
Authors: Nielsen Søren Beck
Published: October 2017

This article addresses questions of elucidation in talk-in-interaction. How do social actors give accounts of what they are doing? To what degree do actors sustain a taken-for-granted level of reasoning? The analysis is based upon naturally occurring data consisting of a corpus of audio recorded case conferences at various geriatric wards in Danish hospitals. The article elaborates one of the important insights of Harold Garﬁnkel regarding the relationship between discourse and social interaction: as a general characteristic, people tend to treat their fellow interlocutors’ conversational contributions as adequate for-all-practical-purposes. Speciﬁcally, the article investigates how Danish municipal representatives account for their decisions about whether or not senior citizens are to be referred to residential homes. This practice, I demonstrate, is characterized by non-explicitness with regards to rules and regulations. Instead, municipal representatives make use of developmental discourse: a worsened condition is used to justify a referral to a residential home. On the other hand, an improved condition is used to justify that an elderly citizen is not referred to a residential home.
A minimally sufficient model for rib proximal-distal patterning based on genetic analysis and agent-based simulations
Authors: Fogel Jennifer L , Lakeland Daniel L , Mah In Kyoung , Mariani Francesca V
Published: October 2017

For decades, the mechanism of skeletal patterning along a proximal-distal axis has been an area of intense inquiry. Here, we examine the development of the ribs, simple structures that in most terrestrial vertebrates consist of two skeletal elements—a proximal bone and a distal cartilage portion. While the ribs have been shown to arise from the somites, little is known about how the two segments are specified. During our examination of genetically modified mice, we discovered a series of progressively worsening phenotypes that could not be easily explained. Here, we combine genetic analysis of rib development with agent-based simulations to conclude that proximal-distal patterning and outgrowth could occur based on simple rules. In our model, specification occurs during somite stages due to varying Hedgehog protein levels, while later expansion refines the pattern. This framework is broadly applicable for understanding the mechanisms of skeletal patterning along a proximal-distal axis.
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate optical uncaging potentiates exocytosis
Authors: Walter Alexander M , Müller Rainer , Tawfik Bassam , Wierda Keimpe DB , Pinheiro Paulo S , Nadler André , McCarthy Anthony W , Ziomkiewicz Iwona , Kruse Martin , Reither Gregor , Rettig Jens , Lehmann Martin , Haucke Volker , Hille Bertil , Schultz Carsten , Sørensen Jakob Balslev
Published: October 2017

Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] is essential for exocytosis. Classical ways of manipulating PI(4,5)P2 levels are slower than its metabolism, making it difficult to distinguish effects of PI(4,5)P2 from those of its metabolites. We developed a membrane-permeant, photoactivatable PI(4,5)P2, which is loaded into cells in an inactive form and activated by light, allowing sub-second increases in PI(4,5)P2 levels. By combining this compound with electrophysiological measurements in mouse adrenal chromaffin cells, we show that PI(4,5)P2 uncaging potentiates exocytosis and identify synaptotagmin-1 (the Ca2+ sensor for exocytosis) and Munc13-2 (a vesicle priming protein) as the relevant effector proteins. PI(4,5)P2 activation of exocytosis did not depend on the PI(4,5)P2-binding CAPS-proteins, suggesting that PI(4,5)P2 uncaging may bypass CAPS-function. Finally, PI(4,5)P2 uncaging triggered the rapid fusion of a subset of readily-releasable vesicles, revealing a rapid role of PI(4,5)P2 in fusion triggering. Thus, optical uncaging of signaling lipids can uncover their rapid effects on cellular processes and identify lipid effectors.
Effect of using commercial chlorine (HClO3Na) on the growth of epiphyte algae and their host Gigartina pectinata Daw. (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Pacheco-Ruíz I , Gálvez-Telles A , Zertuche-González JA , Pech-Pacheco JL
Published: October 2017

The red alga, Gigartina pectinata Daw., was cultured under controlled conditions to reduce the growth of epiphytes. Commercial chlorine (HCIO3Na) in different concentrations (750, 500, 250 and 100 µL L–1), with different treatment times (60, 45, 30 and 15 min), was used each week for four weeks. The growth of all epiphytes and G. pectinata was adversely affected with high concentrations (750 and 500 µL L–1). At the lowest concentration (100 µL L-1), the growth of G. pectinata was not significantly affected; however, the concentration was lethal for epiphytes. The reduction of epiphytes in each treatment was 100% after four weeks.
Temporal variation of total carbohydrates, polysaccharides, monosaccharides and microbial metabolic activity in Estero de Punta Banda, Mexico
Authors: Gómez-Moreno LE , Cajal-Medrano R , Canino-Herrera SR
Published: October 2017

The concentration of total carbohydrates (CHOT), monosaccharides (MCHO) and polysaccharides (PCHO) was measured in situ using the MBTH technique. Samples were taken in diel cycles inside and outside a mesocosm in order to elucidate the pattern of production and consumption. Six seasonal samplings were conducted in one year during spring tides. Changes in the different carbohydrate fractions were compared to temperature, chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen, gross production bacterial biomass and planktonic community respiration. Outside the mesocosm, the changes in these variables are mainly intluenced by advective processes. A linear, inverse relationship between PCHO and MCHO is found, suggesting microbial degradation. Also, CHOT concentrations ate directly proportional to PCHO concentrations. The variability of the MCHO concentration is mainly esplained by chlorophyll a, suggesting a phytoplanktonic origin. On the other hand, PCHO are mainly explained by the tide and temperature. indicating their possible origin in the macrophytes of the marsh area. The presence of carbohydrate-like organic matter is detected by the MBTH technique masking the diurnal variations of- the carbohydrates outside the mesocosm. Outside the mesocosm, advective processes interfere with the interpretation of diel cycles of the MCHO, PCHO, and CHOT concentrations. However, inside the mesocosm it is possible to clearly observe carbohydrate degrading processes on a seasonal scale.
GrowYourIC: A Step Toward a Coherent Model of the Earth's Inner Core Seismic Structure
Authors: Lasbleis Marine , Waszek Lauren , Day Elizabeth A.
Published: October 2017

A complex inner core structure has been well established from seismic studies, showing radial and lateral heterogeneities at various length scales. Yet no geodynamic model is able to explain all the features observed. One of the main limits for this is the lack of tools to compare seismic observations and numerical models successfully. We use here a new Python tool called GrowYourIC to compare models of inner core structure. We calculate properties of geodynamic models of the inner core along seismic raypaths, for random or user‐specified data sets. We test kinematic models which simulate fast lateral translation, superrotation, and differential growth. We explore first the influence on a real inner core data set, which has a sparse coverage of the inner core boundary. Such a data set is however able to successfully constrain the hemispherical boundaries due to a good sampling of latitudes. Combining translation and rotation could explain some of the features of the boundaries separating the inner core hemispheres. The depth shift of the boundaries, observed by some authors, seems unlikely to be modeled by a fast translation but could be produced by slow translation associated with superrotation.
The lone gamer: Social exclusion predicts violent video game preferences and fuels aggressive inclinations in adolescent players
Authors: Gabbiadini Alessandro , Riva Paolo
Published: October 2017

Violent video game playing has been linked to a wide range of negative outcomes, especially in adolescents. In the present research, we focused on a potential determinant of adolescents’ willingness to play violent video games: social exclusion. We also tested whether exclusion can predict increased aggressiveness following violent video game playing. In two experiments, we predicted that exclusion could increase adolescents’ preferences for violent video games and interact with violent game playing fostering adolescents’ aggressive inclinations. In Study 1, 121 adolescents (aged 10–18 years) were randomly assigned to a manipulation of social exclusion. Then, they evaluated the violent content of nine different video games (violent, nonviolent, or prosocial) and reported their willingness to play each presented video game. The results showed that excluded participants expressed a greater willingness to play violent games than nonviolent or prosocial games. No such effect was found for included participants. In Study 2, both inclusionary status and video game contents were manipulated. After a manipulation of inclusionary status, 113 adolescents (aged 11–16 years) were randomly assigned to play either a violent or a nonviolent video game. Then, they were given an opportunity to express their aggressive inclinations toward the excluders. Results showed that excluded participants who played a violent game displayed the highest level of aggressive inclinations than participants who were assigned to the other experimental conditions. Overall, these findings suggest that exclusion increases preferences for violent games and that the combination of exclusion and violent game playing fuels aggressive inclinations.
Hollow Mesoporous Functional Hybrid Materials: Fascinating Platforms for Advanced Applications
Authors: Park Sung Soo , Ha Chang‐Sik
Published: October 2017

Functionalized hollow nano‐ and microspheres containing both hollow and mesoporous structures are fascinating materials for a broad range of applications, such as nanoparticle collectors, catalysis, drug delivery systems, immobilization of biomolecules, and the adsorption and separation of gas and pollutants, because of their empty interior. These hollow mesoporous silica materials are synthesized mainly via soft‐ and hard‐templating routes and are usually modified with a range of organic functional groups (SH, NH2, CN, CH3, CC, benzene, fluorine linked organoalkylsilanes, and ethane‐, amine, benzene, and biphenyl‐bridged silanes) to improve their performance in many applications. This article outlines the most advanced applications of silica‐based and functionalized hollow mesoporous materials that are reported in the last 3 years (January 2014–June 2017). The high applicability of hollow materials in various fields is discussed, including drug delivery and cancer therapy, bioimaging, adsorption/separation, catalysis, thermal and electrical insulators, anticorrosion, sensors, fuel cells, proton conductors, membrane, optics, superhydrophobic surfaces, and fire safety.
Clay Minerals—Ionic Liquids, Nanoarchitectures, and Applications
Authors: Dedzo Gustave Kenne , Detellier Christian
Published: October 2017

Clay minerals, whose world resources are extremely large, have the potential to be more exploited as the basis for functional materials. Of interest are their interactions with ionic liquids (ILs). These compounds have found a large number of applications in the last few decades due to unique properties, such as low vapor pressure, high thermal stability, and remarkable solvation abilities. In the case of the swelling smectites, the organic cation of ILs can replace interlayer cations and find applications in the preparation of nanocomposites. This feature article is mainly focused on kaolinite, a nonswelling 1:1 phyllosilicate, whose layers are essentially neutral. Consequently, the intercalation of ILs involves both cation and anion. The organic cations can be designed to bear hydroxyl groups that will react with the aluminol internal surface of kaolinite, resulting in ionic liquids not only intercalated but also grafted. The resulting nanohybrid materials are characterized by a fixed, rigid, constrained 2D structure, whose dimension can be tuned by the size of the organic cation, whereas the anion is exchangeable. These materials are used for sensing applications such as the specific detection of anions as well as their quantitative analysis. They are also used as catalyst support for nanoparticles.
Directed Self‐Assembly of Liquid‐Crystalline Molecular Building Blocks for Sub‐5 nm Nanopatterning
Authors: Nickmans Koen , Schenning Albert P. H. J.
Published: October 2017

The thin‐film directed self‐assembly of molecular building blocks into oriented nanostructure arrays enables next‐generation lithography at the sub‐5 nm scale. Currently, the fabrication of inorganic arrays from molecular building blocks is restricted by the limited long‐range order and orientation of the materials, as well as suitable methodologies for creating lithographic templates at sub‐5 nm dimensions. In recent years, higher‐order liquid crystals have emerged as functional thin films for organic electronics, nanoporous membranes, and templated synthesis, which provide opportunities for their use as lithographic templates. By choosing examples from these fields, recent progress toward the design of molecular building blocks is highlighted, with an emphasis on liquid crystals, to access sub‐5 nm features, their directed self‐assembly into oriented thin films, and, importantly, the fabrication of inorganic arrays. Finally, future challenges regarding sub‐5 nm patterning with liquid crystals are discussed.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Diastereoselective [4+2] Annulation of Phosphinamides with Heterobicyclic Alkenes at Room Temperature
Authors: Nallagonda Rajender , Thrimurtulu Neetipalli , Volla Chandra M. R.
Published: October 2017

Cobalt‐catalyzed sp2 C−H bond functionalization of diarylphosphinamides with heterobicyclic alkenes was demonstrated at room temperature employing commercially available cobalt(II)‐salts. The effectiveness of this strategy was illustrated with the reaction of various 8‐aminoquinoline derived phosphinic amides and 7‐oxa/azabenzonorbornadienes. The reaction conditions exhibited excellent functional group tolerance and high diastereoselectivities. Furthermore, extension of this approach to the preparation of polyaryl cyclic phosphinamides was achieved through the dehydrative ring opening/aromatization sequence.

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Recognizing Through‐Bond and Through‐Space Self‐Exchange Charge/Spin Transfer Pathways in Bis(triarylamine) Radical Cations with Similar Geometrical Arrangements
Authors: Uebe Masashi , Kazama Tatsuya , Kurata Ryohei , Sakamaki Daisuke , Ito Akihiro
Published: October 2017

Radical cations of bis(triarylamine)s, 3 and 4, in which the triarylamine redox centers are bridged by an ortho‐phenylene and ortho‐carborane cluster, respectively, have been prepared to elucidate the difference in intramolecular charge/spin‐transfer (ICT/IST) pathway owing to the two different bridging units affording similar geometrical arrangements between the redox centers. Electrochemistry, absorption spectroscopy, VT‐ESR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations reveal that 3.+ and 4.+ are classified into class II and class I mixed‐valence systems, respectively, and therefore, through‐bond and through‐space mechanisms are dominant for the ICT/IST phenomena in 3.+ and 4.+, respectively. Moreover, SQUID measurements for dicationic species provide the fact that virtually no spin‐exchange interaction is observed for spins in 42+, while the antiferromagnetic interaction for spins in 32+, in accordance with the existence of a conjugation pathway for the ortho‐phenylene bridge.
Preparation of Functionalized Diaryl‐ and Diheteroaryllanthanum Reagents by Fast Halogen–Lanthanum Exchange
Authors: Benischke Andreas D. , Anthore‐Dalion Lucile , Berionni Guillaume , Knochel Paul
Published: October 2017

Aryl and heteroaryl halides (X=Br, I) undergo a fast and convenient halogen–lanthanum exchange with nBu2LaMe, which leads to functionalized diaryl‐ and diheteroaryllanthanum derivatives. Subsequent trapping reactions with selected electrophiles, such as ketones, aldehydes, or amides, proceeded smoothly at −50 °C in THF, affording polyfunctionalized alcohols and carbonyl derivatives. Kinetic competition experiments revealed a similar reactivity trend as for Br/Mg exchange, but 106‐times higher rates, making it comparable to Br/Li exchange.
Intermolecular Pummerer Coupling with Carbon Nucleophiles in Non‐Electrophilic Media
Authors: Colas Kilian , Martín‐Montero Raúl , Mendoza Abraham
Published: October 2017

A new Pummerer‐type C−C coupling protocol is introduced based on turbo‐organomagnesium amides, which unlike traditional Pummerer reactions, does not require strong electrophilic activators, engages a broad range of C(sp3)‐, C(sp2)‐, and C(sp)‐nucleophiles, and seamlessly integrates with C−H and C−X magnesiation. Given the central character of sulfur compounds in organic chemistry, this protocol allows access to unrelated carbonyls, olefins, organometallics, halides, and boronic esters through a single strategy.
Immobilized glucose oxidase biofuel cell anode by MWCNTs, ferrocene, and polyethylenimine: Electrochemical performance
Authors: Bahar Tahsin , Yazici M. Suha
Published: October 2017

Ferrocene‐functionalized polyethylenimine and multiwalled carbon nanotubes were attached covalently by glutaraldehyde onto a carbon cloth to develop an immobilized enzyme (glucose oxidase) electrode for biofuel cell applications. Developed enzymatic anode was characterized by electrochemical methods to determine electrochemical performance. Anodic open‐circuit potential was measured as within 0–20 mV range. Cyclic voltammetry showed anodic peak for glucose oxidation around 400–600 mV (vs. sat. Ag/AgCl) varying with scan rate. An enzyme fuel cell with 2.5 mg/cm2 glucose oxidase‐loaded bioanode and 0.70 mg/cm2 Pt‐loaded cathode attached to Nafion™ 115 membrane has provided around 2.5 mA/cm2 current density at short‐circuit conditions. Enzymatic kinetic parameters of prepared anode were determined by electrochemical methods that surprisingly indicated less KM (i.e., better substrate affinity) than that of determined by conventional enzymatic methods. Enzymatic stability determined by electrochemical methods moreover indicated longer enzyme half‐life.