bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How do fungal partners affect the evolution and habitat preferences of mycoheterotrophic plants? A case study inGastrodia
Authors: Kinoshita Akihiko , Ogura‐Tsujita Yuki , Umata Hidetaka , Sato Hiroki , Hashimoto Toshimasa , Yukawa Tomohisa
Published: February 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Since mycoheterotrophic plants (MHPs) completely depend on their mycorrhizal fungi for carbon, selection of fungal partners has an important role in the speciation of MHPs. However, the causes and mechanisms of mycobiont changes during speciation are not clear. We tested fungal partner shifts and changes in mycorrhizal specificity during speciation of three closely related MHPs—Gastrodia confusa(Gc),G. pubilabiata(Gp), andG. nipponica(Gn) (Orchidaceae)—and correlations between these changes and the vegetation types where each species grows.

METHODS:

We investigated the diversity of mycobionts of the three species by sequencing nrDNA ITS, and the sequence data were subjected to test changes in fungal specificity and fungal partner shifts among the three species. Furthermore, we conducted multivariate analysis to test for differences in mycobiont communities of vegetation types where each species grows.

KEY RESULTS:

Two saprobic Basidiomycota, Marasmiaceae and Mycenaceae, were dominant fungal partners of the three species, andGnwas simultaneously associated with the ectomycorrhizal Russulaceae and Sebacinaceae. Although mycobiont composition differed among the three species, they also sometimes shared identical fungal species. Multivariate analysis revealed that mycobiont communities of the three species in bamboo thickets differed significantly from those in other vegetation types.

CONCLUSIONS:

Fungal partner shifts are not necessarily associated with the evolution of MHPs, and fungal specificity ofGcandGpwas significantly higher than that ofGn, implying that the specificity fluctuates during speciation. Further,Gcexclusively inhabits bamboo thickets, which suggests that adaptation to particular fungi specific to bamboo thickets triggered speciation of this species.
Postglacial expansion pathways of red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle, in the Caribbean Basin and Florida
Authors: Kennedy John Paul , Pil Maria W. , Proffitt C. Edward , Boeger Walter A. , Stanford Alice M. , Devlin Donna J.
Published: February 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) was a period of massive range contraction. Post‐LGM, water‐dispersed coastal species, including the red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), expanded poleward as propagules were transported by ocean currents. We assessed postglacial marine expansion pathways for R. mangle within the Caribbean Basin and Florida.

METHODS:

Six microsatellite loci were used to genotype 237 individuals from nine R. mangle populations in the Caribbean, Florida, and Northwest Africa. We evaluated genetic variation, population structure, gene flow along alternative post‐LGM expansion pathways to Florida, and potential long‐distance dispersal (LDD) from West Africa to Caribbean islands.

KEY RESULTS:

These R. mangle populations had substantial genetic structure (FST = 0.37, P < 0.0001) with three discrete population clusters (Caribbean mainland, Caribbean islands, and Florida). Genetic connectivity along the mainland pathway (Caribbean mainland to Florida) vs. limited gene dispersal along the Antilles Island pathway (Caribbean islands to Florida) supported Florida recolonization from Caribbean mainland sources. Genetic similarity of Northwest Africa and two Caribbean islands provided evidence for trans‐Atlantic LDD. We did not find a pattern of decreasing genetic diversity with latitude.

CONCLUSIONS:

We outline a complex expansion history for R. mangle, with discrete pathways of recolonization for Florida and Caribbean islands. Contrary to expectation, connectivity to putative Caribbean mainland refugial populations via ocean currents, and not latitude, appears to dictate genetic diversity within Caribbean island and Florida R. mangle. These findings provide a framework for further investigation of additional water‐dispersed neotropical species, and insights for management initiatives.
Contemporary patterns of genetic diversity of cedrela fissilis offer insight into the shaping of seasonal forests in eastern South America
Authors: Mangaravite Érica , Vinson Christina C. , Rody Hugo V. S. , Garcia Magali G. , Carniello Maria A. , Silva Roberta S. , Oliveira Luiz O.
Published: February 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

We investigated how genetic diversity is distributed across the range of Cedrela fissilis, a tree species associated with seasonal neotropical forests, to gain insights into competing biogeographic scenarios that explain how disjunct distributions of these forests were shaped.

METHODS:

A total of 250 samples were sampled from 18 sites across the species' range in Brazil and eastern Bolivia and genotyped with 10 microsatellite loci. An array of complementary methods—F statistics, analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA), and clustering analyses—assessed genetic diversity, population differentiation, and structure.

KEY RESULTS:

Most of the genetic diversity (82.5%) was partitioned within populations, but about 12% was due to differences among groups of populations on either side of the Cerrado or located within the Cerrado; mean expected heterozygosity and mean observed heterozygosity were 0.821 and 0.704, respectively. The 250 samples were sorted into two Bayesian groups: one group for each side of the Cerrado. The populations showed varying levels of admixture, with the greatest admixture evident in populations located toward central Brazil.

CONCLUSIONS:

In C. fissilis, genetic diversity is structured according to geography: the Atlantic range and the Chiquitano range each harbor a genealogical lineage. Interfertility and varying levels of admixture between lineages provide strong evidence that the lineages evolved under geographic, but not genetic, isolation. Admixture is of recent origin, owing to population expansion. Cedrela fissilis shares this dual pattern of distribution of genetic diversity with other phylogenetically unrelated taxa that are typically associated with seasonal forests.
CONSTRUCTION SECTOR IN CRISIS ANALYSIS ASPECTS / STATYBOS SEKTORIAUS KRIZĖS ANALIZĖS ASPEKTAI
Authors: Akatjevaitė Simona
Published: February 2016

The economic consequence of the crisis has raised new challenges and objectives of the construction sector. Changes in international and local market conditions for construction, construction cost and the decrease promotes analysis of the situation and look for ways to effectively operate in this sector. Worldwide, various construction and real estate sector strategy for dealing with the crisis, the authorities apply the new performance incentive and control systems. The successful construction of a crisis management strategy should be aligned with country-specific economic, political, legal, technological, institutional, social, cultural, ethical and other environmental factors.
BUILDING EXTERNAL PARTITIONS ASSESMENT USING MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING METHODS / IŠORINIŲ PASTATO ATITVARŲ VERTINIMAS TAIKANT DAUGIAKRITERINIUS METODUS
Authors: Medineckienė Milena , Kračka Modestas
Published: February 2016

The paper presents a model for selection of building’s external elements. Were analyzed 6 variations of walls and windows area ratio. The authors determined the criteria of those alternatives, which are as follows: heat losses through the building external walls, heat losses through the building windows, heat losses through the bearer thermal bridges, heat losses above the rated air infiltration, external heat inflows in the building from the outside, the building’s energy consumption without consideration of heating system performance, and walls and windows price ratio. According to available data, the initial matrix of a problem was determined. By the use of multiple assessment methods, such as SAW (Simple Additive Weight) COPRAS (Complex Proportion Assessment) and MEW (Multiplicative Exponential Weighting) were calculated the optimal variant of a window and wall aria variation.
THE MODELING OF SLOPES OF FLAT ROOFS ON MARGINAL GRADIENTS / PLOKŠČIŲJŲ EKSPLOATUOJAMŲJŲ STOGŲ NUOLYDŽIŲ MODELIAVIMAS ESANT RIBINIAMS NUOLYDŽIAMS
Authors: Rasiulis Romas
Published: February 2016

This article is dedicated to study installation options of roofing for parking lots which are proposed by designers, manufacturers and suppliers of materials, the Lithuanian legislative requirements for roofs of this type. Examine the roof slopes at various locations in the roof of the roof marginal gradients. It is shown that at a minimum slope of the roof the reliability of the installed roof is not provided when glued bituminous roofing membranes are used. It is proposed to raise the standards for the existing roof installations.
PROBLEMS OF BITUMINOUS MEMBRANES WELDED SEAMS / PRILYDOMŲJŲ MEDŽIAGŲ SUKLIJAVIMO SIŪLIŲ PROBLEMOS
Authors: Peleckis Kęstutis
Published: February 2016

Durability of roofs has been increased by using polymer modified bituminous materials. But increased number of roofs permeability from polymer-modified roofing membranes argue about serious problems in lap joints durability of roofing membranes. By analysing this problem were overlooked the bituminous roofing membranes history and their characteristics. This research analysed the mechanism of seams formation and impact of welding technology on properties of durability and maintenance such as strength, thickness, appearance of not welded places and seams permeability. There was made overlook of worlds literature and experience. Also there were found the basic roofing membranes lap joints welding problems. The main additional parameters for seams evaluation were defined: the final thickness of seams, seams permeability, appearance of not welded places. The solutions were suggested for the further investigations of these parameters.
MACROSTRUCTURAL RESEARCH OF CONCRETE SAMPLES MADE USING CONCRETE WASTE / MAKROSTRUKTŪRINIAI BETONO BANDINIŲ, PAGAMINTŲ NAUDOJANT BETONO ATLIEKAS, TYRIMAI
Authors: Finoženok Olga , Žurauskas Rimvydas
Published: February 2016

Most often construction waste in Lithuania is used for road construction. 78 % of construction waste consists of concrete waste, bricks and tiles. Concrete waste can be used for the production of higher quality products, and this waste can be returned to the production technological cycle. Sectional analysis of the samples, produced by using coarse aggregates from concrete waste, is carried out during the research and covering areas of every integrated phase are calculated.
INFLUENCE OF ACTIVE SURFACE MATERIALS FOR SHEAR STRENGTH OF CLAY SOIL / PAVIRŠIAUS AKTYVIŲJŲ MEDŽIAGŲ ĮTAKA MOLINIŲ GRUNTŲ KERPAMAJAM STIPRIUI
Authors: Malūnavičius Saulius
Published: February 2016

The article deals with the active surface materials (ASM) on the clay soil shear strength parameters, which are used in calculating the building base strength and stability of soil pressure in to supporting surface and slope stability. From the known mineral composition of clay soil was partially removed calcium compounds and were polluted of different concentration of pollutants and the values were compared. The analysis of active surface material substance influence on clay soil shows that higher concetration of pollutants in solution results in decreased soil cohesion, where the angle of internal friction remains various values.
ANALYSIS OF STRENGTHENING OF COMPRESSED REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES USING REINFORCED CONCRETE JACKETS / GNIUŽDOMŲJŲ GELŽBETONINIŲ KONSTRUKCIJŲ STIPRINIMO GELŽBETONINIAIS APVALKALAIS ANALIZĖ
Authors: Pilkavičius Saulius
Published: February 2016

This article investigates two chosen calculation methods of compressed reinforced concrete elements strengthened using reinforced concrete jackets. Shortly describe carrying capacity calculation algorithms of these calculation methods. Present elements basic equations and dependences of carrying capacity. For calculation methods of carrying capacity comparison and adjustment executed carrying capacity experimental studies of compressed fiber reinforcement concrete elements strengthened using reinforcement concrete jackets. Were compared theoretical calculations of carrying capacity results with experimental carrying capacity results. Shortly describe advantages and disadvantages of analyzed calculation methods and experimental research. By the comparison of calculation methods conclusions and experimental studies conclusions, produces improved calculation method of carrying capacity.
INFERENCES FROM THE DISTRIBUTIONS OF FAST RADIO BURST PULSE WIDTHS, DISPERSION MEASURES, AND FLUENCES
Authors: Katz J. I.
Published: February 2016

The widths, dispersion measures (DMs), dispersion indices, and fluences of Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) impose coupled constraints that all models must satisfy. The non-monotonic dependence of burst widths (after deconvolution of instrumental effects) on DMs excludes the intergalactic medium as the location of scattering that broadens the FRBs in time. Temporal broadening far greater than that of pulsars at similar high Galactic latitudes implies that scattering occurs close to the sources where high densities and strong turbulence or heterogeneity are plausible. FRB energetics are consistent with supergiant pulses from young, fast, high-field pulsars at cosmological distances. The distribution of FRB DMs is: (1) inconsistent with that of expanding clouds (such as SNRs); (2) inconsistent with space-limited source populations (such as the local Supercluster); and (3) consistent with intergalactic dispersion of a homogeneous source population at cosmological distances. Finally, the FRB

–

relation also indicates a cosmological distribution aside from the anomalously bright Lorimer burst.
SELF-TRAPPING OF DISKOSEISMIC CORRUGATION MODES IN NEUTRON STAR SPACETIMES
Authors: Tsang David , Pappas George
Published: February 2016

We examine the effects of higher-order multipole contributions of rotating neutron star (NS) spacetimes on the propagation of corrugation (c-)modes within a thin accretion disk. We find that the Lense–Thirring precession frequency, which determines the propagation region of the low-frequency fundamental corrugation modes, can experience a turnover allowing for c-modes to become self-trapped for sufficiently high dimensionless spin j and quadrupole rotational deformability α. If such self-trapping c-modes can be detected, e.g., through phase-resolved spectroscopy of the iron line for a high-spin low-mass accreting neutron star, this could potentially constrain the spin-induced NS quadrupole and the NS equation of state.
EFFICIENT PRODUCTION OF HIGH-ENERGY NONTHERMAL PARTICLES DURING MAGNETIC RECONNECTION IN A MAGNETICALLY DOMINATED ION–ELECTRON PLASMA
Authors: Guo Fan , Li Xiaocan , Li Hui , Daughton William , Zhang Bing , Lloyd-Ronning Nicole , Liu Yi-Hsin , Zhang Haocheng , Deng Wei
Published: February 2016

Magnetic reconnection is a leading mechanism for dissipating magnetic energy and accelerating nonthermal particles in Poynting-flux-dominated flows. In this Letter, we investigate nonthermal particle acceleration during magnetic reconnection in a magnetically dominated ion–electron plasma using fully kinetic simulations. For an ion–electron plasma with a total magnetization of

, the magnetization for each species is

and

, respectively. We have studied the magnetically dominated regime by varying σ

e
 = 103–105 with initial ion and electron temperatures

and mass ratio

. The results demonstrate that reconnection quickly establishes power-law energy distributions for both electrons and ions within several (2–3) light-crossing times. For the cases with periodic boundary conditions, the power-law index is

for both electrons and ions. The hard spectra limit the power-law energies for electrons and ions to be

and

, respectively. The main acceleration mechanism is a Fermi-like acceleration through the drift motions of charged particles. When comparing the spectra for electrons and ions in momentum space, the spectral indices s

p
are identical as predicted in Fermi acceleration. We also find that the bulk flow can carry a significant amount of energy during the simulations. We discuss the implication of this study in the context of Poynting-flux dominated jets and pulsar winds, especially the applications for explaining nonthermal high-energy emissions.
Le rôle de la dissonance émotionnelle sur l’épuisement professionnel des conseillers en insertion
Authors: Machado Tony , Desrumaux Pascale
Published: February 2016

Réalisée auprès de 342 conseillers en insertion, cette étude s’inscrit dans le cadre du modèle JD-R (Demerouti & Bakker, 2011) pour évaluer l’épuisement émotionnel et la dépersonnalisation. Les entretiens, l’analyse de l’activité et les résultats du questionnaire identifient la dissonance émotionnelle comme une exigence particulièrement présente au sein de cette population dans le contexte d’exercice actuel de leur métier.
Des chevaux et des mousquetaires dans le Paris des XVII e et XVIII e siècles
Authors: Wilmart Julien
Published: February 2016

La thématique du cheval militaire en ville peut s’appréhender à partir de la seule troupe de cavalerie casernée dans Paris sous l’Ancien Régime, les deux compagnies de Mousquetaires de la Maison du roi. Dans le cadre de cette étude, ce corps nous permet ainsi de présenter tant l’utilisation du cheval que les différentes infrastructures urbaines qu’il fut nécessaire de construire et d’aménager pour lui. Il est possible d’envisager trois aspects afin de dégager la place et l’image du cheval militaire dans Paris aux XVII e et XVIII e siècles : les infrastructures liées à son logement, l’encadrement quotidien des chevaux au sein de leurs casernes parisiennes et l’utilisation extraordinaire des Mousquetaires à cheval en tant que représentants du roi. L’installation et le logement des chevaux des Mousquetaires apparaissaient en effet comme une source de réflexions à l’origine du développement du casernement des troupes de cavalerie.
La question de la ferrure des chevaux de travail
Authors: Degueurce Christophe
Published: February 2016

Les revêtements artificiels des rues du Paris des XVIII e et XIX e siècles, qu’ils soient faits de pavés de granit, de bois ou d’asphalte, ont posé le problème de l’adhérence du sabot des chevaux à ces matériaux glissants. C’est dans la seconde moitié du XVIII e siècle que les maréchaux puis les vétérinaires s’emparèrent d’une question qui allait être au centre de leurs préoccupations durant tout le siècle suivant. Les Lafosse, hippiatres, puis Charlier, vétérinaire, allaient tenter d’imposer le recours à des ferrures incrustées dans le sabot et autorisant le contact direct de la corne avec le terrain. Si les polémiques furent terribles, cette solution connut un grand succès, et fut posée massivement sous les pieds des chevaux d’omnibus parisiens, jusqu’à ce que le développement des aciers et de la forge mécanique ne conduise à lui substituer une variante, une ferrure étroite qui accompagna ces chevaux de labeur jusqu’à la fin de cette cavalerie parisienne.
Quelques éclairages sur l’histoire des relations entre hommes et animaux de zoo,
Authors: Pouillard Violette
Published: February 2016

Dans la mouvance des dernières évolutions historiographiques dans le champ de l’histoire des animaux, cet article vise à introduire davantage de symétrie dans l’attention prêtée aux hommes et aux bêtes. Prenant pour exemple le cas du jardin zoologique de Londres, fondé en 1828, qui fait longtemps figure de modèle, il s’attache à mettre en évidence les évolutions qui marquent l’approvisionnement de l’institution en animaux ainsi que les infrastructures au sein desquelles vivent les bêtes, spécialement les primates. Il montre que, si la perception des difficultés de la vie captive par les hommes forme une permanence de l’histoire du zoo, les réponses apportées à celles-ci varient au cours du temps, de l’indifférence à la quête croissante d’améliorations. Malgré ces dernières, les recherches contredisent toute lecture finaliste, en mettant en évidence plusieurs permanences jalonnant l’histoire de l’institution.
La représentation de la responsabilité sociale des entreprises à travers le discours des responsables d’entreprise en Tunisie
Authors: Boutiba Rim , Boussoura Ezzeddine , Ben-Slimane Olfa Zeribi
Published: February 2016

La thématique de la Responsabilité Sociétale des Entreprises (RSE) a fait l’objet de nombreuses recherches. L’appropriation de la RSE par les chercheurs semble indiquer une diversité de significations et de représentations du concept. Néanmoins, la grande majorité des recherches actuelles discutent des appréhensions théoriques de la RSE et négligent parfois sa dimension discursive. La relecture de ce concept exige ainsi un renouvellement des approches normatives et instrumentales vers des approches cognitives et comportementales. L’objet de ce travail de recherche est de s’interroger sur le sens donné à la RSE dans le discours des responsables, dans le contexte spécifique d’un pays émergent. Il s’agit en effet de faire un rapprochement entre ce que disent les responsables et ce qui est théorisé dans la littérature. Cet exercice invite à construire une grille de lecture qui fédère les représentations aussi bien théoriques que managériales de la RSE. A ce titre, nous avons procédé à l’analyse qualitative des discours de 20 responsables RSE d’entreprises tunisiennes. Les résultats de l’analyse textuelle ont révélé deux constats. D’une part, l’omniprésence de nombreuses représentations managériales de la RSE qui s’accordent avec les représentations théoriques du concept. D’autre part, des confusions récurrentes ainsi que la négligence de certains concepts dans la pratique.
High purity galacto-oligosaccharides enhance specific Bifidobacterium species and their metabolic activity in the mouse gut microbiome
Authors: Monteagudo-Mera A. , Arthur J.C. , Jobin C. , Keku T. , Bruno-Barcena J.M. , Azcarate-Peril M.A.
Published: February 2016

Prebiotics are selectively fermented ingredients that result in specific changes in the composition and/or activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota, thus conferring benefit(s) upon the host health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a β(1-4)galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) formulation consisting of 90% pure GOS (GOS90), on the composition and activity of the mouse gut microbiota. Germ-free mice were colonised with microbiota from four pathogen-free wt 129 mice donors (SPF), and stools were collected during a feeding trial in which GOS90 was delivered orally for 14 days. Pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA amplicons showed that Bifidobacterium and specific Lactobacillus, Bacteroides and Clostridiales were more prevalent in GOS90-fed mice after 14 days, although the prebiotic impact on Bifidobacterium varied among individual mice. Prebiotic feeding also resulted in decreased abundance of Bacteroidales, Helicobacter and Clostridium. High-throughput quantitative PCR showed an increased abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium lactis and Bifidobacterium gallicum in the prebiotic-fed mice. Control female mice showed a higher diversity (phylogenetic diversity (PD) = 15.1±3.4 in stools and PD = 13.0±0.6 in intestinal contents) than control males (PD = 7.8±1.6 in stool samples and PD = 9.5±1.0 in intestinal contents). GOS90 did not modify inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha). Decreased butyrate, acetate and lactate concentrations in stools of prebiotic fed mice suggested an increase in colonic absorption and reduced excretion. Overall, our results demonstrate that GOS90 is capable of modulating the intestinal microbiome resulting in expansion of the probiome (autochtonous commensal intestinal bacteria considered to have a beneficial influence on health).
Lactobacillus plantarum CUL66 can impact cholesterol homeostasis in Caco-2 enterocytes
Authors: Michael D.R. , Moss J.W.E. , Calvente D. Lama , Garaiova I. , Plummer S.F. , Ramji D.P.
Published: February 2016

Hypercholesterolemia drives the development of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of mortality in western society. Supplementation with probiotics that interfere with cholesterol metabolism may provide a contribution to disease prevention. Lactobacillus plantarum CUL66 (NCIMB 30280) has been assessed in vitro for its ability to impact cholesterol absorption. L. plantarum CUL66 tested positive for bile salt hydrolase activity and the ability to assimilate cholesterol from culture media. RT-qPCR analysis showed that the bacterium significantly decreased the expression of Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 and ATP-binding cassette transporter-1 in polarised Caco-2 cells after 6 h exposure. Conversely, the expression of ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member (ABCG)-5 and ABCG-8, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase were significantly increased. Using a radiolabelled assay, we also observed significant reductions in the uptake and basolateral efflux of cholesterol by Caco-2 cells exposed to L. plantarum CUL66. This in vitro study identified L. plantarum CUL66 as a cholesterol lowering bacteria by highlighting its ability to beneficially regulate multiple in vitro events associated with intestinal cholesterol metabolism and provides evidence of efficacy for its inclusion in future in vivo studies.
Howard H. Erickson: contributions to equine exercise physiology and veterinary medicine
Authors: Poole D.C. , Sexton W.L.
Published: February 2016

For over four and a half decades Howard Erickson has been at the forefront of scientific discovery. As a veterinary cardiovascular specialist with the United States Air Force he made fundamental progress to developing a working artificial heart. Subsequently as a retired US Air Force Colonel and Professor at Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine Erickson detected the immensely high pulmonary vascular pressures in the horse during exercise. These observations were essential to resolving the mechanistic bases for exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia and pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) that afflict all racehorses. Subsequently, Erickson pioneered the scientific proof-of-concept of the equine Nasal Strip™ which reduces lung damage and epistaxis, and constitutes the only effective non-pharmaceutical treatment for EIPH available today. We owe much of our understanding of equine cardiorespiratory physiology to this remarkable scientist.
Chemotherapy and Biotherapy: What Nurses Need to Know When Administering to Nononcologic Patients
Authors: Redmond Margaret
Published: February 2016

The use of chemotherapy and biotherapy for nonmalignant conditions is expanding. This has led to the increased educational needs of health care providers that is essential to reducing the risk of exposure to hazardous drugs.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2016;47(2):52–54.
Interprofessional Education: Background and Purpose, Part I
Authors: Bleich Michael R.
Published: February 2016

Demands are increasing for an interprofessional workforce that can function in team-based care. The goals of interprofessional education and the value proposition surrounding the benefits of interprofessional education are framed. Factors to consider, including subject matter and faculty selection, are presented based on seven features of team performance.

J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2016;47(2):55–57.
Development of an Outcome Measurement Plan for an Accredited Continuing Nursing Education Provider Unit
Authors: Zupanc Tamara
Published: February 2016

Continuing nursing education (CNE) programs are designed to contribute to nurses' professional development and to keep current on the latest knowledge and advances in health care. The American Nurses Credentialing Center has begun to focus on the evaluation of outcomes from CNE. This has required changes in the way CNE providers evaluate their program offerings. The creation of an outcome measurement plan for a CNE provider unit produced a method to meet these changes. This article describes the process of developing the plan and discusses several tools to measure outcomes.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2016;47(2):89–96.
Adolescent Femoral Chondral Fragment Fixation With Poly-L-Lactic Acid Chondral Darts
Authors: Morris John K. , Weber Alexander E. , Morris Mark S.
Published: February 2016

Large chondral injuries without attached bone are uncommon. This report describes a 14-year-old boy who had a unique stress reaction between the bone and the overlying cartilage, predominantly of the anterior lateral femoral condyle, during a week-long basketball camp, resulting in complete displacement of a 2.5 × 2.5-cm full-thickness articular cartilage lesion. There was a 6-day interval from the time of the injury to the first office appointment. Scheduling of magnetic resonance imaging and insurance approval took another week, and then surgery scheduling, including insurance approval and arranging for surgical supplies, took another week. Three weeks after the initial injury, the patient underwent diagnostic arthroscopy and open arthrotomy, and the cartilage-free fragment was returned to the donor site and fixed with poly-L-lactic acid chondral darts. Considerable delamination of the shoulders of the defect was noted on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and at the time of surgery, suggesting an unusual prodromal stress reaction. Although there was no underlying subchondral bone on the free cartilage fragment, the injury healed. The patient had return of full knee range of motion and strength. Magnetic resonance imaging performed 3 months postoperatively showed healed cartilage. At 1 year of clinical follow-up, the patient had no clinical sequelae from the initial injury and had returned to competitive basketball. Prompt recognition of this injury pattern and subsequent surgical repair are necessary because the window of opportunity closes as fibrous healing occurs and the cartilage fragment deforms. The poly-L-lactic acid chondral dart system was instrumental to the success of this case. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(2):e362–e366.]
Paraspinal Muscle Atrophy After Lumbar Spine Surgery
Authors: Pourtaheri Sina , Issa Kimona , Lord Elizabeth , Ajiboye Remi , Drysch Austin , Hwang Ki , Faloon Michael , Sinha Kumar , Emami Arash
Published: February 2016

Paraspinal muscles are commonly affected during spine surgery. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential factors that contribute to paraspinal muscle atrophy (PMA) after lumbar spine surgery. A comprehensive review of the available English literature, including relevant abstracts and references of articles selected for review, was conducted to identify studies that reported PMA after spinal surgery. The amount of postoperative PMA was evaluated in (1) lumbar fusion vs nonfusion procedures; (2) posterior lumbar fusion vs anterior lumbar fusion; and (3) minimally invasive (MIS) posterior lumbar decompression and/or fusion vs non-MIS equivalent procedures. In total, 12 studies that included 529 patients (262 men and 267 women) were reviewed. Of these, 365 patients had lumbar fusions and 164 had lumbar decompressions. There was a significantly higher mean postoperative volumetric PMA with fusion vs nonfusion procedures (
P
=.0001), with posterior fusion vs anterior fusion (
P
=.0001), and with conventional fusions vs MIS fusions (
P
=.001). There was no significant difference in mean volumetric lumbar PMA with MIS decompression vs non-MIS decompression (
P
=.56). There was significantly higher postoperative PMA with lumbar spine fusions, posterior procedures, and non-MIS fusions. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(2):e209–e214.]
Kangaroo Rat Population Response to Seismic Surveys for Hydrocarbon Reserves
Authors: Cypher Brian L. , Saslaw Lawrence R. , Van Horn Job Christine L. , Westall Tory L. , Madrid Alexandria Y.
Published: February 2016

Seismic surveys are a method used to locate commercially producible deposits of crude oil and natural gas. These surveys entail generating energy waves that reflect off of subterranean strata and return to the surface where they are recorded and interpreted. In the southern San Joaquin Valley of California, a region rich in hydrocarbon deposits, the two common methods of creating these energy waves include detonating buried explosive charges (“shot-hole” method) and generating strong ground-penetrating vibrations (“vibroseis” method). However, this region also supports many species of conservation concern, including several endemic species of kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spp.). We investigated the effects of a seismic survey on kangaroo rats, including two rare species, the giant kangaroo rat Dipodomys ingens and the short-nosed kangaroo rat Dipodomys nitratoides brevinasus, to determine whether seismic survey activities reduced kangaroo rat abundance, survival, or condition. In 2011, we established 18 study plots: eight subjected to shot-holes, six subjected to vibroseis, and eight controls with no energy source activities. A live-trap grid consisting of 30 traps was established on each plot, and kangaroo rats were captured and marked for four consecutive nights during trapping sessions 1–2 wk before the seismic survey (presurvey), 1–2 wk after the survey (postsurvey), and 5 mo after the survey (long term). Based on capture rates of unique individuals, abundance was similar among shot-hole, vibroseis, and control plots in each of the trapping sessions. Based on recaptures of marked individuals from previous sessions, survival was similar among treatments. Based on mass measurements, condition was similar among treatments. We did not detect adverse impacts to kangaroo rats from a seismic survey; in part, the lack of impacts detected may have been attributable to mitigation measures implemented to avoid or reduce adverse effects. These measures included restricting vibroseis trucks to existing roads, limiting off-road vehicle activity to small tractor-mounted drilling rigs with balloon tires, and attempting to avoid all kangaroo rat burrows by at least 10 m. Similar measures are recommended for any future seismic surveys in this region and elsewhere when burrowing species of conservation concern may be present.
HEART RATE MONITORING SYSTEMS IN GROUPS FOR RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY ASSESSMENT OF CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS ANALYSIS
Authors: Lee Ren-Guey , Chen Chih-Yang , Hsiao Chun-Chieh , Lin Robert
Published: February 2016

According to statistics in Taiwan, the proportion of students engaged in regular exercise has declined drastically with the increase in education level. This study thus aims to provide a platform for monitoring of group cardiorespiratory fitness to allow users such as teachers or coaches to easily monitor a group’s exercise condition, intensity and duration to increase exercise efficiency, promote exercise motivation and reduce exercise risk. Based on group measurement concept and wearable chest strap textiles integrated with heart rate monitoring devices, teachers or coaches can immediately acquire and display all heart rate information on a notebook computer together with synchronous field projection display. The acquired heart rate data can also be automatically recorded and analyzed to assist in assessing the physical fitness. Our proposed platform aims to monitor the cardiorespiratory fitness in group mainly for college students and young office worker. To validate the stability of our platform in the long term, we recruited the college students in a physical fitness class, 35 in total, as the subjects for long term observation. In the experiments the subjects are divided into “varsity group” and “sedentary group” according to whether they are with or without regular exercise habits. Subjects wearing chest straps were instructed to take the 3-minute Step Test and the 5-minute constant intensity exercise test. The results show that the “varsity group” has a lower resting heart rate ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]bpm vs. [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]bpm), a lower exercise heart rate ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]bpm vs. [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]bpm) and a lower mean heart rate ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]bpm vs. [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]bpm). The “Varsity group” also has a higher heart rate recovery percentage at the first minute ([Formula: see text] vs. [Formula: see text]) and the second minute ([Formula: see text] vs. [Formula: see text]). Moreover, all these indexes have a high correlation with the fitness index in the 3-minute Step Test, among which the percentage of heart rate recovery in the first minute shows the highest positive correlation ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). Our wearable heart rate monitoring system can thus be deemed as effective to provide a platform for measurement of group heart rates and for assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness.
SUBJECT-SPECIFIC AND FUNCTION-SPECIFIC APPLICABILITY OF A HAND-FOREARM MUSCULOSKELETAL MODEL
Authors: Hosseininejad Sepide , Farahmand Farzam , Fateh Hamid R. , Forogh Bijan
Published: February 2016

There is ambiguity on the quantitative validity of the predictions revealed by musculoskeletal models for muscle forces. This study investigated the consistency between the predictions of a musculoskeletal model of the upper limb and the experimental data for a number of different subjects and functional tasks. Six normal subjects performed isokinetic eccentric or isotonic concentric contraction tests of the wrist muscles in well controlled conditions, using a robotic apparatus, and the net joint torque and angular velocities, as well as the surface electromyograms (EMG) signals of the muscles, were recorded. The experiments were then simulated using a parametric musculoskeletal model of hand and forearm, scaled for each subject. Muscle activation was determined based on the optimization of a polynomial or min-max objective function. Comparison of the model predictions with the normalized EMGs revealed more consistent results for the polynomial objective function. In general, the model could reflect the change of the net joint torque on the activation level, but the effects associated with the velocity of movement were not sufficiently reflected. Stronger correlations between model predictions and normalized EMGs, were obtained for subjects with smaller body mass indices (BMIs), 0.738, and those who experienced higher muscular excitations, 0.908. The sensitivity analysis of the model also indicated a high sensitivity (9.5%) to the joint torque but a minimal sensitivity (0.3%) to the joint velocity. The sensitivity indices for the muscle’s length and physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) were 11.2 and 5.3%, respectively. It was concluded that our musculoskeletal model was highly sensitive to the anatomical data, as well as the muscles’ excitation levels, but not to the contraction velocity.
BIOMECHANICAL INVESTIGATION OF PEDICLE SCREW-BASED POSTERIOR STABILIZATION SYSTEMS FOR THE TREATMENT OF LUMBAR DEGENERATIVE DISC DISEASE USING FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSES
Authors: Shih Kao-Shang , Hsu Ching-Chi , Zhou Shu-Yu , Hou Sheng-Mou
Published: February 2016

Fusion has been the gold standard treatment for treating lumbar degenerative disc disease. Many clinical studies have demonstrated that adjacent segment degeneration was observed in patients over time. Various instrumentations of pedicle screw-based stabilization systems have been investigated using numerical approaches. However, numerical models developed in the past were simplified to reduce computational time. The aim of this study was to evaluate and to compare the biomechanical performance of rigid, semi-rigid, and dynamic posterior instrumentations using a more realistic numerical model. Three-dimensional nonlinear finite element models of the T11-S1 multilevel spine with various posterior instrumentations were developed. The intersegmental rotation, the maximum disc stress, and the maximum implant stress were calculated. The results indicated that the rigid instrumentation resulted in greater fixation stability but also a greater risk of adjacent segment degeneration and implant failure. The biomechanical performance of the dynamic instrumentation was closer to that of the intact spine model compared with the rigid and semi-rigid instrumentations. The results of this study could help surgeons understand the biomechanical characteristics of different posterior instrumentations for the treatment of lumbar degenerative disc diseases.
Summary Statement on Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Chronic Heart Failure due to Left Ventricular Dysfunction Recommendations for Performance and Interpretation
Authors: CorrÃ  Ugo , Piepoli Massimo F.
Published: February 2016

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is a non-invasive tool that provides the physician with relevant information to assess the integrated response to exercise involving pulmonary, cardiovascular, haematopoietic, neuro-psychological, and skeletal muscle systems. Measurement of expiratory gases during exercise allows the best estimate of functional capacity, grade the severity of the impairment, objectively evaluate the response to interventions, objectively track the progression of disease, and assist in differentiating cardiac from pulmonary limitations in exercise tolerance. To achieve optimal use of this test in every day clinical practice, clarification of conceptual issues and standardization of CPET practices are necessary. Recently, a Statement on Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Chronic Heart Failure due to Left Ventricular Dysfunction, by the Gruppo Italiano di Cardiologia Riabilitativa and endorsed by the Working Group on Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology of the European Society of Cardiology, has been published. Here are resumed the cardinal points of the Statement: (1) Definition of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Parameters for Appropriate Use in Chronic Heart Failure, (2) How to Perform Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Chronic Heart Failure, (3) Interpretation of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Chronic Heart Failure and Future Applications.
Consensus Statement of Multisocietary Task Force Prescription of physical exercise in the cardiological environment (First part)
Authors: Giada Franco , Carlon Roberto
Published: February 2016

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Are Hospitalizations for Percutaneous Coronary Procedures Missed Opportunities for Teaching Rules of Secondary Prevention?
Authors: Marinigh Ricarda , Fioretti Paolo M. , Pecoraro Rosa , Fresco Claudio , Brusaferro Silvio
Published: February 2016

Background and aims: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the most frequently used revascularization approach, often repeatedly applied. The quest for the ultimate revascularization procedure however may capture cardiologistâ€™s attention and lead them to minimize the issue of secondary prevention in their patients. Aims of this study were to assess: 1. The individual risk factor profile, 2. The relation between the risk factors correction and the number of hospital admissions for elective procedures, 3. The appropriateness of medical treatment in patients admitted for elective coronary invasive procedures (diagnostic and interventional). 4. The patients knowledge of threshold values for cardiovascular risk factors. Patients and Methods: 100 patients (71% males, mean age 68 years) consecutively admitted for elective coronary angiography or PCI. They underwent a classical risk factors assessment and were divided in three groups according to the number of admissions for coronary angiography and in two groups according to the number of PCIs. Results: Fifty-seven % of patients had been previously admitted for invasive examination at least three times and 58% had already been treated with at least one PCI. Seventyone % were treated with beta-blockers but only 25% of them received a dosage found effective in RCTs (randomized clinical trials). Sixty % were treated with ACE-inhibitors and 83% received the dosage found effective in RCTs. Fifty-two % were treated with statins and 95% received a dosage found effective in RCTs. Nine % were still active smokers. Fourtynine % had a LDL cholesterol level above 100 mg/dL. The percentage of patients not on target was unrelated to the number of hospital admissions for invasive procedures. Conclusions: Modern cardiology is quickly embracing high tech procedures and trials results but often fails to spend enough time teaching how to control risk factors according to the recommendations of the evidence-based guidelines, even independently of the number of hospitalizations for invasive cardiovascular procedures.
Elderly patient-centered rehabilitation after cardiac surgery
Authors: Mazza Antonio , Camera Federica , Maestri Antonella , Longoni Francesco , Patrignani Anna , Gualco Alessandra , Opasich Cristina , Cobelli Franco
Published: February 2016

The rate of over-70 year post-surgery patients referred to the Cardiac Rehabilitation Units is increasing. Strategies designed to encourage and facilitate participation in rehabilitation programs in the elderly should be developed. Aim of this paper is to present our elderly-centered program, specifically designed on patientâ€™s needs and frailty, and its short- and medium-term results in 160 consecutive over-70 year patients, admitted in our Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit soon after cardiac surgery. The program was safe, well accepted by the patients, and effective in improving objective and subjective functional status.
Intracranial bleeding mimicking an extensive acute myocardial infarction with reversible apical ballooning and systolic left ventricular dysfunction. A case report
Authors: Dâ€™Aloia Antonio , Vizzardi Enrico , Faggiano Pompilio , Fiorina Claudia , Dei Cas Livio
Published: February 2016

A novel syndrome with transient asynergy of the apical segments of the left ventricle, also known as tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy, has been recently described and presents characteristics and effects similar to acute myocardial infarction. We report the case of a 69-year-old woman presenting with chest pain typical of myocardial ischemia, electrocardiographic abnormalities typical of antero-lateral transmural myocardial infarction, and unstable clinical and hemodynamic condition. Trans-thoracic echocardiography showed a left ventricular dysfunction with a markedly decreased ejection fraction. The patient received heparin and abciximab bolus but coronary angiography demonstrated the absence of coronary stenoses, thrombi, and coronary spasm. Due to impaired neurological conditions the patient underwent brain tomography that showed subarachnoid haemorrhage secondary to a right vertebral artery aneurysm rupture. The possible occurrence of a reversible cardiomyopathy mimicking an acute coronary syndrome in presence of intracranial bleeding should be always considered.
Mitral valve cleft associated with secundum atrial septal defect: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Yuan Shi-Min , Shinfeld Amihay , Raanani Ehud
Published: February 2016

Mitral valve cleft associated with secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) is uncommon. We report a 39-year-old male patient manifesting symptoms of congestive heart failure 3 months before admission. Echocardiography showed typical mitral valve prolapse and a large ASD of the secundum type. He was diagnosed as severe mitral regurgitation and ASD. At operation, severe mitral valve prolapse with additional degenerative leaflets and a middle-sized cleft in the anterior leaflet were noted. A large ASD of a mixed central and inferior vena cava type was found. Mitral valve repair was impossible. The mitral valve was replaced with an ATS prosthesis. The ASD was repaired with a pericardial patch. Three slow arrhythmias, including nodal rhythm, sinus bradycardia and atrial fibrillation, complicated his early postoperative course. The literature of this entity was reviewed, and the etiology of the postoperative slow arrhythmias was discussed.