bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and Risk of Adverse Mental Health Events Amongst Users of the National Overdose Response Service (NORS) Telephone Hotline
Authors: Viste Dylan , Rioux Will , Rider Nathan , Orr Taylor , Cristall Nora , Seitz Dallas , Ghosh S. Monty
Published: March 2024

The National Overdose Response Service (NORS) is a Canadian mobile or virtual overdose response hotline intended to prevent drug overdose deaths but has unexpectedly received mental health related calls, including adverse mental health events. Our study aimed to examine these occurrences and caller characteristics predictive of adverse mental health outcomes. Using the NORS call dataset, we conducted a descriptive representation of mental health occurrences and mental health emergencies along with correlative statistics. We found that NORS had received 2518 mental health calls, with 28 (1.1%) being adverse events. Men, rural callers, polyroute substance consumption and history of overdosing were found to have increased odds of having an adverse mental health event, while being from Quebec, using non-standard consumption routes and using the line between 50 and 99 times were found to decrease odds. This supports the utility of overdose prevention hotlines to also support people experiencing adverse mental health situations and reduce harm for individuals with mental health and/or substance use disorders.
Inferring Parameters of Pyramidal Neuron Excitability in Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease Using Biophysical Modeling and Deep Learning
Authors: Saghafi Soheil , Rumbell Timothy , Gurev Viatcheslav , Kozloski James , Tamagnini Francesco , Wedgwood Kyle C. A. , Diekman Casey O.
Published: March 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is believed to occur when abnormal amounts of the proteins amyloid beta and tau aggregate in the brain, resulting in a progressive loss of neuronal function. Hippocampal neurons in transgenic mice with amyloidopathy or tauopathy exhibit altered intrinsic excitability properties. We used deep hybrid modeling (DeepHM), a recently developed parameter inference technique that combines deep learning with biophysical modeling, to map experimental data recorded from hippocampal CA1 neurons in transgenic AD mice and age-matched wildtype littermate controls to the parameter space of a conductance-based CA1 model. Although mechanistic modeling and machine learning methods are by themselves powerful tools for approximating biological systems and making accurate predictions from data, when used in isolation these approaches suffer from distinct shortcomings: model and parameter uncertainty limit mechanistic modeling, whereas machine learning methods disregard the underlying biophysical mechanisms. DeepHM addresses these shortcomings by using conditional generative adversarial networks to provide an inverse mapping of data to mechanistic models that identifies the distributions of mechanistic modeling parameters coherent to the data. Here, we demonstrated that DeepHM accurately infers parameter distributions of the conductance-based model on several test cases using synthetic data generated with complex underlying parameter structures. We then used DeepHM to estimate parameter distributions corresponding to the experimental data and infer which ion channels are altered in the Alzheimer’s mouse models compared to their wildtype controls at 12 and 24 months. We found that the conductances most disrupted by tauopathy, amyloidopathy, and aging are delayed rectifier potassium, transient sodium, and hyperpolarization-activated potassium, respectively.
AIxSuture: vision-based assessment of open suturing skills
Authors: Hoffmann Hanna , Funke Isabel , Peters Philipp , Venkatesh Danush Kumar , Egger Jan , Rivoir Dominik , Röhrig Rainer , Hölzle Frank , Bodenstedt Sebastian , Willemer Marie-Christin , Speidel Stefanie , Puladi Behrus
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Efficient and precise surgical skills are essential in ensuring positive patient outcomes. By continuously providing real-time, data driven, and objective evaluation of surgical performance, automated skill assessment has the potential to greatly improve surgical skill training. Whereas machine learning-based surgical skill assessment is gaining traction for minimally invasive techniques, this cannot be said for open surgery skills. Open surgery generally has more degrees of freedom when compared to minimally invasive surgery, making it more difficult to interpret. In this paper, we present novel approaches for skill assessment for open surgery skills.

Methods

We analyzed a novel video dataset for open suturing training. We provide a detailed analysis of the dataset and define evaluation guidelines, using state of the art deep learning models. Furthermore, we present novel benchmarking results for surgical skill assessment in open suturing. The models are trained to classify a video into three skill levels based on the global rating score. To obtain initial results for video-based surgical skill classification, we benchmarked a temporal segment network with both an I3D and a Video Swin backbone on this dataset.

Results

The dataset is composed of 314 videos of approximately five minutes each. Model benchmarking results are an accuracy and F1 score of up to 75 and 72%, respectively. This is similar to the performance achieved by the individual raters, regarding inter-rater agreement and rater variability. We present the first end-to-end trained approach for skill assessment for open surgery training.

Conclusion

We provide a thorough analysis of a new dataset as well as novel benchmarking results for surgical skill assessment. This opens the doors to new advances in skill assessment by enabling video-based skill assessment for classic surgical techniques with the potential to improve the surgical outcome of patients.
PitSurgRT: real-time localization of critical anatomical structures in endoscopic pituitary surgery
Authors: Mao Zhehua , Das Adrito , Islam Mobarakol , Khan Danyal Z. , Williams Simon C. , Hanrahan John G. , Borg Anouk , Dorward Neil L. , Clarkson Matthew J. , Stoyanov Danail , Marcus Hani J. , Bano Sophia
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Endoscopic pituitary surgery entails navigating through the nasal cavity and sphenoid sinus to access the sella using an endoscope. This procedure is intricate due to the proximity of crucial anatomical structures (e.g. carotid arteries and optic nerves) to pituitary tumours, and any unintended damage can lead to severe complications including blindness and death. Intraoperative guidance during this surgery could support improved localization of the critical structures leading to reducing the risk of complications.

Methods

A deep learning network PitSurgRT is proposed for real-time localization of critical structures in endoscopic pituitary surgery. The network uses high-resolution net (HRNet) as a backbone with a multi-head for jointly localizing critical anatomical structures while segmenting larger structures simultaneously. Moreover, the trained model is optimized and accelerated by using TensorRT. Finally, the model predictions are shown to neurosurgeons, to test their guidance capabilities.

Results

Compared with the state-of-the-art method, our model significantly reduces the mean error in landmark detection of the critical structures from 138.76 to 54.40 pixels in a 1280 $$\times $$
×
720-pixel image. Furthermore, the semantic segmentation of the most critical structure, sella, is improved by 4.39% IoU. The inference speed of the accelerated model achieves 298 frames per second with floating-point-16 precision. In the study of 15 neurosurgeons, 88.67% of predictions are considered accurate enough for real-time guidance.

Conclusion

The results from the quantitative evaluation, real-time acceleration, and neurosurgeon study demonstrate the proposed method is highly promising in providing real-time intraoperative guidance of the critical anatomical structures in endoscopic pituitary surgery.
Changes in Serum Urate Levels after Bariatric Surgery in Patients with Obesity: An Observational Study
Authors: Mills Daniel W. , Woolley Dylan M. , Ammori Basil J. , Chinoy Hector , Syed Akheel A.
Published: March 2024

Background

Obesity is a risk factor for hyperuricemia and gout, while weight reduction can reduce urate levels. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of bariatric surgery on longitudinal serum urate levels.

Methods

We performed a retrospective observational study of 283 patients who had undergone bariatric surgery [237 (83.7%) gastric bypass, 34 (12.0%) sleeve gastrectomy and 12 (4.2%) gastric banding] and were followed up for 2 years. The results shown represent mean (standard deviation).

Results

Bariatric surgery was associated with significant reduction in serum urate from baseline level of 0.343 (0.086) mmol/L to 0.296 (0.076) mmol/L (p < 0.001) at 12 months and 0.286 (0.073) mmol/L (p < 0.001) at 24 months, including in men and women, and in patients with or without diabetes. Patients with elevated urate levels at baseline, who comprised 27.2% of the total cohort, achieved reduction in levels by 4 months.

Conclusion

Bariatric surgery leads to significant reduction in serum urate levels at 12 and 24 months. This could reduce incidence of gout and need for prophylactic medication(s).

Graphical Abstract
Halofuginone Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis and Enhances Osteoblastogenesis by Regulating Th17/Treg Cell Balance in Multiple Myeloma Mice with Bone Lesions
Authors: Wu Xiaofei , Sun Qiong , Li Xiang , Jiang Lin , Chen Li
Published: March 2024

Evidences shows that T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells imbalance plays a critical role in bone lesions of MM patients. Therefore, regulating the Th17/Treg imbalance may be beneficial for bone lesions in MM. Ten MM mice complicated with bone lesions were established and divided into the halofuginone (HF) group and the PBS group. After treatment, tibia and fibula from both groups were scanned by micro-CT. Osteoclasts and osteoblasts were validated by histochemical staining and ELISA. Th17 and Treg cells were tested by flow cytometry. The correlations between Th17/Treg cell ratio and osteoclasts, osteoblasts and bone remodeling were analyzed using the Spearman relative analysis. After treatment, mice in the HF group had an increase in trabecular bone volume fraction and thickened cortex, but a decrease in trabecular separation compared to mice in the PBS group.Tartrate-resistant acid phosphase (TRAP) + osteoclasts and its biomarker TRACP5b in serum were reduced, while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) + osteoblasts and its biomarker N-terminal propeptide of type 1precollagen (P1NP) in serum were accreted in the HF group. Th17/Treg cell ratio in halofuginone-treated mice was 0.85 ± 0.05, and was significantly lower than that in PBS-treated mice, which was 1.51 ± 0.03. In addition, it showed that the Th17/Treg cell ratio was significantly and positively associated with osteoclasts, but was significantly and negatively associated with osteoblasts and bone remodeling. Halofuginone plays a critical role in the amelioration bone lesions in MM, as it can inhibit osteoclastogenesis and enhance osteoblastogenesis by regulating the Th17/Treg cell balance.
What Is the Patriarchy Doing in Our Bed? Violent Sexual-Affective Experiences Among Youth
Authors: Rodríguez-García-de-Cortázar Ainhoa , González-Calo Inés , Gómez-Bueno Carmuca
Published: March 2024

Introduction

In the context of a qualitative research study on sexual practices and risk among youth, repeated accounts of non-consensual sex and other forms of gender-based violence emerged. Drawing from that research, this article explores the influence of the patriarchal system on sexual-affective relationships among young people aged 18–25 years residing in Andalusia, Spain.

Methods

The fieldwork was conducted between March and May 2019. Six discussion groups were held with 39 participants segmented by gender, level of education, sexual orientation, and length of relationships.

Results

The results show that patriarchal constructs related to female body standards and the subordination of women’s pleasure to men’s, in addition to blackmail and sexual violence, continue to pervade the sexual-affective imaginaries and experiences of young people. Additionally, the participants’ discourses on patriarchal and sexual violence are interwoven with critical feminist points of view, revealing timid signs of resistance to the patriarchal order.

Conclusions

Women navigate inequality by assuming, negotiating, or rebelling against the different types of violence to which they are exposed in their intimate relationships. In their sexual-affective relationships, young people today are confronted with numerous tensions and contradictions. The discourse of females shifts between their right to seek pleasure and self-blaming, while trying to overcome feelings of shame and dismantling aesthetic standards or empowering themselves and claiming orgasm equality.

Policy Implications

The findings are applicable for the prevention of violence against young women in relationships of trust.
Dilute Aqueous-Aprotic Electrolyte Towards Robust Zn-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitor with High Operation Voltage and Long Lifespan
Authors: Wu Shuilin , Yang Yibing , Sun Mingzi , Zhang Tian , Huang Shaozhuan , Zhang Daohong , Huang Bolong , Wang Pengfei , Zhang Wenjun
Published: March 2024

With the merits of the high energy density of batteries and power density of supercapacitors, the aqueous Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors emerge as a promising candidate for applications where both rapid energy delivery and moderate energy storage are required. However, the narrow electrochemical window of aqueous electrolytes induces severe side reactions on the Zn metal anode and shortens its lifespan. It also limits the operation voltage and energy density of the Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors. Using ‘water in salt’ electrolytes can effectively broaden their electrochemical windows, but this is at the expense of high cost, low ionic conductivity, and narrow temperature compatibility, compromising the electrochemical performance of the Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors. Thus, designing a new electrolyte to balance these factors towards high-performance Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors is urgent and necessary. We developed a dilute water/acetonitrile electrolyte (0.5 m Zn(CF3SO3)2 + 1 m LiTFSI-H2O/AN) for Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors, which simultaneously exhibited expanded electrochemical window, decent ionic conductivity, and broad temperature compatibility. In this electrolyte, the hydration shells and hydrogen bonds are significantly modulated by the acetonitrile and TFSI− anions. As a result, a Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitor with such an electrolyte demonstrates a high operating voltage up to 2.2 V and long lifespan beyond 120,000 cycles.
On the Maximal Subspaces of Discrete Hamiltonian Systems
Authors: Uğurlu Ekin , Bairamov Elgiz
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we consider a discrete Hamiltonian system on nonnegative integers, and using Sylvester’s inertia indices theory, we construct maximal subspaces on which the Hermitian form has a certain sign. After constructing nested ellipsoids, we introduce a lower bound for the number of linearly independent summable-square solutions of the discrete equation. Finally, we provide a limit-point criterion.
The dissolved organic matter from the co-decomposition of Chinese milk vetch and rice straw induces the strengthening of Cd remediation by Fe-modified biochar
Authors: Liang Ting , Zhou Guopeng , Chang Danna , Ma Zhengbo , Gao Songjuan , Nie Jun , Liao Yulin , Lu Yanhong , Fan Hongli , Zou Chunqin , Cao Weidong
Published: March 2024

Fe-modified biochar (FB) and co-using Chinese milk vetch and rice straw (MR) are two effective ways for mitigating the cadmium (Cd) contamination in paddy fields in southern China. Nevertheless, the effects of FB combined with MR on Cd passivation mechanism remain unclear. In the current study, the strengthening effects of FB induced by MR were found and the mechanisms of the extracted dissolved organic matter (DOM) from the co-decomposition of MR on Cd alleviation were investigated through pot experiment and adsorption experiment. Pot experiment demonstrated that co-incorporating FB and MR decreased available Cd by 23.1% and increased iron plaque concentration by 11.8%, resulting in a 34.7% reduction in Cd concentrations in brown rice compared with addition of FB. Furthermore, co-using FB and MR improved available nutrients in the soil. The molecular characteristics of DOM derived from the decomposition of MR (DOM-MR) were analyzed by fluorescence excitation emission matrix spectroscopy-parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) and Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Results showed that lignin/carboxylic-rich alicyclic molecules and protein/amino sugar were the main compounds, potentially involved in the Cd binding. Adsorption experiments revealed that the addition of DOM-MR improved the functional groups, specific surface area, and negative charges of FB, inducing the strengthening of both physisorption and chemisorption of Cd(II). The maximum adsorption capacity of Fe-modified biochar after adding DOM-MR was 634 mg g−1, 1.30 times that without the addition of DOM-MR. This study suggested that co-incorporating MR, and FB could serve as an innovative practice for simultaneous Cd remediation and soil fertilization in Cd-polluted paddy fields. It also provided valuable insights and basis that DOM-MR could optimize the performances of Fe-modified biochar and enhance its potential for Cd immobilization.

Graphical Abstract
Fault Detection, Classification and Localization Along the Power Grid Line Using Optimized Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Najafzadeh Masoud , Pouladi Jaber , Daghigh Ali , Beiza Jamal , Abedinzade Taher
Published: March 2024

Distributed energy generation increases the need for smart grid monitoring, protection, and control. Localization, classification, and fault detection are essential for addressing any problems immediately and resuming the smart grid as soon as possible. Simultaneously, the capacity to swiftly identify smart grid issues utilizing sensor data and easily accessible frequency and voltage data from PMU devices is a prerequisite of this task. Therefore, this paper proposes new methods using fuzzy logic and adaptive fuzzy neural networks as well as machine learning and meta-heuristic algorithms. First, line voltage is used by a fuzzy thresholding method to estimate when a transmission line defect would develop in less than 1.2 clock cycles. Next, features taken from frequency signals in the real-time interval are utilized to classify the type of error using machine learning systems (decision tree algorithm and random forest algorithm) optimized with wild horse meta-heuristic algorithm. To locate the precise problem location, we finally use a neural fuzzy inference system that is capable of adapting to new data. We employ a simulated power transmission system in MATLAB to test our proposed solutions. Mean square error (MSE) and confusion matrix are used to assess the efficiency of a classifier or detector. For the decision tree algorithm method, the detector attained an acceptable MSE of 2.34e−4 and accuracy of 98.1%, and for the random forest algorithm method, an acceptable MSE of 3.54e−6 and accuracy of 100%. Furthermore, the placement error was less than 153.6 m in any direction along the line.
A systematic review of inclusive pedagogical research using the CIRTL inclusive pedagogy framework: multi-disciplinary and STEM perspectives, current trends and a research agenda
Authors: Jackson-Summers Angela G. , Mrakovcich Karina L. , Gray Joshua P. , Fleischmann Corinna M. , Emami Tooran , Page Eric J.
Published: March 2024

In higher education, student retention challenges and advancing student diversity are not new. Such institutional student retention challenges and student diversity promotions continue to require more focus and effort. A means to help address student retention and improve student diversity through faculty engagement in classrooms is inclusive pedagogy. In this study, we inform researchers and practitioners about the current state of inclusive pedagogical research, including gaps addressing further needs of inclusive pedagogical research from a multi-disciplinary perspective, including science, technology, engineering, education, math, humanities, management, and economics. We also share a non_STEM-Focused versus STEM-Focused inclusive pedagogy literature perspective. Using the Center for the Integration of Research, Teaching and Learning (CIRTL) framework, we reviewed 304 articles to help shed light on existing inclusive pedagogy, focusing on three core competencies: inclusive communications, inclusive pedagogy practices, and the design of inclusive curriculum. Based on our discussion of findings and related implications for future research, we conclude that inclusive pedagogical research warrants improvement across all core competencies and academic disciplines to strengthen improvement of this research field. This study contributes to researchers and practitioners, especially those focusing inclusive pedagogy in classrooms, as well as the body of inclusive pedagogy knowledge.
Clinical Reasoning and Decision-Making in Psychiatry
Authors: Goldberg Joseph F. , Stahl Stephen M.
Published: March 2024

Mental health professionals routinely make treatment decisions without necessarily having an overarching perspective about optimal next steps. This important new book provides them with reader-friendly, pragmatic strategies to approach clinical problems as testable hypotheses. It discusses how to apply concepts based on decision analytic theory using risk-benefit analyses, contingency planning, measurement-based care, shared decision making, pharmacogenetics, disease staging, and machine learning. Readers will learn how these tools can help them craft optimal pharmacological and psychosocial interventions tailored to the needs of an individual patient. The book covers topics such as diagnostic ambiguity, interview technique, applying statistical concepts to individual patients, artificial intelligence, and managing high-risk, treatment-resistant, or demanding and difficult patients. Valuable clinical vignettes are featured throughout the book to illustrate common dilemmas and scenarios where the relative merits of competing treatment options invite a more iterative than definitive approach. For all healthcare professionals who prescribe psychotropic medications.
Statius and Ovid
Authors: Spinelli Tommaso
Published: March 2024

This is the first in-depth exploration of the extent and significance of Ovidian intertexts in Statius' Thebaid, with particular emphasis on the interplay between poetics, politics, and material culture. Introducing New Historicist, Cultural Materialistic, and Intermedial approaches to Latin literature, it suggests that, despite their Virgilian patina, Statius' depictions of landscapes, heroes, and gods are pervaded by verbal and semantic allusions to Ovid's mythical narratives. This multi-layered allusivity not only prompts alternative readings of the Augustan classics, but also challenges the reader's perceptions of the Augustanising worldview that the urban landscape of Flavian Rome was arguably meant to convey. The poetic and political significance of Statius' Theban saga thereby moves from critically rewriting the Aeneid to reflecting on the new socio-political issues of Flavian Rome. This title is part of the Flip it Open Programme and may also be available Open Access. Check our website Cambridge Core for details.
Cultivating Support: An Ex-Ante Typological Analysis of Farmers’ Responses to Multi-Peril Crop Insurance Subsidies
Authors: Michels Marius , Wever Hendrik , Mußhoff Oliver
Published: March 2024

In Europe, uptake of multi-peril crop insurance remains limited, leading to discussions on premium subsidies. A study of 228 Saxony farmers investigated their attitudes and willingness to pay for a multi-peril crop insurance in 2022. Using a cluster analysis based on farmers’ satisfaction with current risk management as well as market supply of tools, perceived benefits of the insurance, and views on governmental intervention, four farmer segments were identified. Each showed varied attitudes toward insurance subsidies, willingness to pay, and farm characteristics. As an initial ex-ante study on this topic, the insights are invaluable for insurance providers and policy makers.
Social determinants of health correlations and resource usefulness at a Milwaukee free clinic for uninsured individuals: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Miller Jessica , Doucas Adrianna , Karra Hamsitha , Thareja Suma K. , Bowie Owen , Dong Xiaowei , Terrell Jennifer , Hernandez Samuel , Corujo-Ramirez Ana Mia , Xia Nicole , Qi Sabrina , Huang Chiang-Ching , Lundh Rebecca , Young Staci A.
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Addressing social determinants of health (SDOH) is fundamental to improving health outcomes. At a student-run free clinic, we developed a screening process to understand the SDOH needs and resource utilization of Milwaukee’s uninsured population.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, we screened adult patients without health insurance (N = 238) for nine traditional SDOH needs as well as their access to dental and mental health care between October 2021 and October 2022. Patients were surveyed at intervals greater than or equal to 30 days. We assessed correlations between SDOH needs and trends in patient-reported resource usefulness.

Results:

Access to dental care (64.7%) and health insurance (51.3%) were the most frequently endorsed needs. We found significant correlations (P ≤ 0.05) between various SDOH needs. Notably, mental health access needs significantly correlated with dental (r = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.19, 0.63), medications (r = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.30, 0.72), utilities (r = 0.39; 95% CI = 0.17, 0.61), and food insecurity (r = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.19, 0.64). Food-housing (r = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.32, 0.78), housing-medications (r = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.35, 0.81), and medications-food (r = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.32, 0.74) were significantly correlated with each other. Longitudinal assessment of patient-reported usefulness informed changes in the resources offered.

Conclusions:

Understanding prominent SDOH needs can inform resource offerings and interventions, addressing root causes that burden under-resourced patients. In this study, patient-reported data about resource usefulness prompted the curation of new resources and volunteer roles. This proof-of-concept study shows how longitudinally tracking SDOH needs at low-resource clinics can inform psychosocial resources.
Social policy in Africa: Risks, protection, and dynamics
Authors: Surender Rebecca
Published: March 2024

The ideas, practicalities, and challenges of establishing effective social protection in Africa are steadily, if somewhat slowly, gaining notice in both policy-making forums and mainstream social policy analysis. The world’s second largest and populous continent, Africa is also its poorest region, with chronic poverty, vulnerabilities, and preventable hardship. Despite some significant developments in social welfare interventions and outcomes since the turn of the century, the policy agenda and dynamics in most countries remain complex and tenuous, arguably more so than other lower and middle income (LMIC) regions. This special edition contributes to a critical analysis of the challenges and opportunities facing social protection systems in Africa. It also seeks to examine the extent to which the staple explanatory concepts of welfare dynamics in the northern and western hemispheres – the role of actors, ideas, and institutions – need to be modified or adapted when analysing welfare dynamics in Africa. The focus is on Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) rather than the more diverse and heterogeneous Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. While, it is important to acknowledge that SSA nations are also distinct and varied; nevertheless, they share important characteristics in terms of historical contexts, average incomes, development outcomes, and most relevant for the purpose of this analysis, social policy strategies, and challenges.
Cooking in the Past and for the Future in Latin America
Authors: Sammells Clare A.
Published: March 2024

This essay reviews the following works:

Cooking Technology: Transformations in Culinary Practice in Mexico and Latin America. Edited by Steffan Igor Ayora-Díaz. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2017. Pp. vii + 196. $39.95 paperback, $114.00 cloth. ISBN: 9781474234689.

Taste, Politics, and Identities in Mexican Food. Edited by Steffan Igor Ayora-Díaz. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2019. Pp. xii + 228. $42.95 paperback, $131.00 cloth. ISBN: 9781350066670.

Food and Revolution: Fighting Hunger in Nicaragua, 1960–1993. By Christiane Berth. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2021. Pp. xi + 283. $50.00 cloth. ISBN: 9780822946045.

Sancocho de Mico. By Felipe Castilla Corza. Bogotá: Universidad de la Sabana, 2018. Pp. 82. $13.68 paper. ISBN 9789581204458.

Hungry for Revolution: The Politics of Food and the Making of Modern Chile. By Joshua Frens-String. Oakland: University of California Press, 2021. Pp. ix–xiv + 322. $34.95 paperback, $85 cloth. ISBN: 9780520343375.

Gastropolitics and the Specter of Race: Stories of Capital, Culture, and Coloniality in Peru. By María Elena García. Oakland: University of California Press, 2021. $30 paper, $85 cloth. Pp. ix + 320. ISBN: 9780520301900.

Food in Cuba: The Pursuit of a Decent Meal. By Hanna Garth. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2020. Pp. ix + 232. $26 paperback, $105 cloth. ISBN: 9781503611092.

Care of the Species: Races of Corn and the Science of Plant Biodiversity. By John Hartigan Jr. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2017. Pp. xxviii + 346. $27.00 paperback, $108.00 cloth. ISBN: 9780816685356.

Eating Puerto Rico: A History of Food, Culture, and Identity. By Cruz Miguel Ortíz Cuadra. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2013. Pp. xvi + 388. $40 paperback. ISBN: 9781469608822.

The Neoliberal Diet: Healthy Profits, Unhealthy People. By Gerardo Otero. Translated by Russ Davidson. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2018. Pp. xvi + 256. $34.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781477316986.

Rice in the Time of Sugar: The Political Economy of Food in Cuba. By Louis A. Pérez Jr. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2019. Pp. xii-xiv + 264. $35.50 paperback, $99 cloth. ISBN: 9781469651422.

Substance and Seduction: Ingested Commodities in Early Modern Mesoamerica. Edited by Stacey Schwartzkopf and Kathryn E. Sampeck. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2017. Pp. xvii + 220. $27.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781477313879.

Quinoa: Food Politics and Agrarian Life in the Andean Highlands. By Linda J. Seligmann. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2023. Pp. xvi + 201. $25 paperback. ISBN: 9780252086885.

Buying into the Regime: Grapes and Consumption in Cold War Chile and the United States. By Heidi Tinsman. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2014. Pp. xi + 363. $29.95 paperback, $104.95 cloth. ISBN: 9780822355359.

Migrant Marketplaces: Food and Italians in North and South America. By Elizabeth Zanoni. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2018. Pp. xii + 273. $32.00 paperback. ISBN: 9780252083297.
Galaxy spin direction asymmetry in JWST deep fields
Authors: Shamir Lior
Published: March 2024

The unprecedented imaging power of James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) provides new abilities to observe the shapes of objects in the early Universe in a way that has not been possible before. Recently, JWST acquired a deep field image inside the same field imaged in the past as the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Ultra Deep Field. Computer-based quantitative analysis of spiral galaxies in that field shows that among 34 galaxies for which their rotation of direction can be determined by the shapes of the arms, 24 rotate clockwise, and just 10 rotate counterclockwise. The one-tailed binomial distribution probability to have asymmetry equal or stronger than the observed asymmetry by chance is

$\sim$

0.012. While the analysis is limited by the small size of the data, the observed asymmetry is aligned with all relevant previous large-scale analyses from all premier digital sky surveys, all show a higher number of galaxies rotating clockwise in that part of the sky, and the magnitude of the asymmetry increases as the redshift gets higher. This paper also provides data and analysis to reproduce previous experiments suggesting that the distribution of galaxy rotation in the Universe is random, to show that the exact same data used in these studies in fact show non-random distribution, and in excellent agreement with the results shown here. These findings reinforce consideration of the possibility that the directions of rotation of spiral galaxies as observed from Earth are not necessarily randomly distributed. The explanation can be related to the large-scale structure of the Universe, but can also be related to a possible anomaly in the physics of galaxy rotation.
Extremophile hypolithic communities in the Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica
Authors: Clarke Laurence J. , Raes Eric J. , Travers Toby , Virtue Patti , Bergstrom Dana M.
Published: March 2024

The Vestfold Hills are a 400 km2, isolated ice-free oasis in eastern Antarctica featuring large areas with translucent quartz rocks that provide habitat for hypolithic microbial communities underneath. We used high-throughput DNA sequencing of 16S and 18S ribosomal RNA amplicons to characterize bacterial and eukaryotic hypolithic communities across the Vestfold Hills. We found high-level, local heterogeneity in community structure consistent with limited dispersal between hypoliths. Hypolithic communities were dominated by heterotrophic Bacteroidetes (mean bacterial relative read abundance: 56%) as well as Cyanobacteria (35%), with the eukaryote component often dominated by Chlorophyta (43%). Small but significant proportions of the variation in microbial community composition and function were explained by soil salinity (5–7%) and water availability (8–11%), with distinct taxa associated with different salinities and water availabilities. Furthermore, many inferred bacterial metabolic pathways were enriched in hypolithic communities from either dry or high-salinity sites. Vestfold Hills hypolithic habitats are likely to be local refuges for bacterial and eukaryotic diversity. Gradients in soil salinity and water availability across the Vestfold Hills, in addition to the number and diversity of lake types and fjords as potential source populations, may contribute to the observed variation in the extremophile, hypolithic microbial community composition.
Secondary Ambulance Transfers During the Mass-Casualty Terrorist Attack in Israel on October 7, 2023
Authors: Alpert Evan Avraham , Assaf Jacob , Nama Ahmad , Pliner Ruchama , Jaffe Eli
Published: March 2024

On October 7, 2023, Israel experienced the worst terror attack in its history – 1,200 people were killed, 239 people were taken hostage, and 1,455 people were wounded. This mass-casualty event (MCE) was more specifically a mega terrorist attack. Due to the overwhelming number of victims who arrived at the two closest hospitals, it became necessary to implement secondary transfers to centers in other areas of the country. Historically, secondary transfer has been implemented in MCEs but usually for the transfer of critical patients from a Level 2 or Level 3 Trauma Center to a Level 1 Center. Magen David Adom (MDA), Israel’s National Emergency Pre-Hospital Medical Organization, is designated by the Health Ministry as the incident command at any MCE. On October 7, in addition to the primary transport of victims by ambulance to hospitals throughout Israel, they secondarily transported patients from the two closest hospitals – the Soroka Medical Center (SMC; Level 1 Trauma Center) in Beersheba and the Barzilai Medical Center (BMC; Level 2 Trauma Center) in Ashkelon. Secondary transport began five hours after the event started and continued for approximately 12 hours. During this time, the terrorist infiltration was still on-going. Soroka received 650 victims and secondarily transferred 26, including five in Advanced Life Support (ALS) ambulances. Barzilai received 372 and secondarily transferred 38. These coordinated secondary transfers helped relieve the overwhelmed primary hospitals and are an essential component of any MCE strategy.
An investigation of the experience of control through the sense of agency in people with obsessive–compulsive disorder: a review and meta-analysis
Authors: Borrelli Davide Fausto , Tonna Matteo , Dar Reuven
Published: March 2024

The construct of sense of agency (SoA) has proven useful for understanding mechanisms underlying obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) phenomenology, especially in explaining the apparent dissociation in OCD between actual and perceived control over one’s actions. Paradoxically, people with OCD appear to experience both diminished SoA (feeling unable to control their actions) and inflated SoA (having “magical” control over events). The present review investigated the extent to which the SoA is distorted in OCD, in terms of both implicit (ie, inferred from correlates and outcomes of voluntary actions) and explicit (ie, subjective judgment of one’s control over an outcome) measures of SoA. Our search resulted in 15 studies that met the criteria for inclusion in a meta-analysis, where we also examined the potential moderating effects of the type of measure (explicit versus implicit) and of the actual control participants had over the outcome. We found that participants with OCD or with high levels of OCD symptoms show lower implicit measures of SoA and at the same time tend to overestimate their control in situations where they do not actually have it. Together, these findings support the hypothesized dissociation in OCD between actual and perceived control over one’s actions.
Trajectory and magnitude of response in adults with anxiety disorders: a Bayesian hierarchical modeling meta-analysis of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and benzodiazepines
Authors: Mendez Eric M. , Mills Jeffrey A. , Suresh Vikram , Stimpfl Julia N. , Strawn Jeffrey R.
Published: March 2024

Background

How the trajectory of response to medication (and placebo response) varies among selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), benzodiazepines and across anxiety disorders is unknown.

Methods

We performed a meta-analysis using weekly symptom severity data from randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trials of SSRIs, SNRIs, and benzodiazepines in adults with anxiety disorders. Response was modeled for the standardized change in anxiety using Bayesian hierarchical models.

Results

Across 122 trials (N=15,760), SSRIs, SNRIs, and benzodiazepines produced significant improvement in anxiety compared to placebo. Benzodiazepines produced faster improvement by the first week of treatment (p < 0.001). By week 8, the response for benzodiazepines and SSRIs (p = 0.103) and SNRIs (p = 0.911) did not differ nor did SSRIs and SNRIs differ (p = 0.057), although for patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), the benzodiazepines produced greater improvement than SNRIs at week 8 (difference − 12.42, CrI: −25.05 to −0.78, p = 0.037). Medication response was similar across anxiety disorders except for benzodiazepines, which produced greater improvement over the first 4 weeks compared to SSRIs and SNRIs in panic disorder. For SSRIs and SNRIs, women improved more than men, and for benzodiazepines, older patients improved more compared to younger patients. Finally, placebo response plateaued by week 4 of treatment, and, at week 8, social anxiety disorder trials had lower placebo response compared to other anxiety disorders.

Conclusions

Benzodiazepines show early improvement compared to SSRIs and SNRIs. However, by week 8, all treatments yield similar results. Patient characteristics influence the improvement trajectory and magnitude, suggesting potential for personalized medication selection.
Reversal of Projected European Summer Precipitation Decline in a Stabilizing Climate
Authors: Dittus A. J. , Collins M. , Sutton R. , Hawkins E.
Published: March 2024

Precipitation projections in transient climate change scenarios have been extensively studied over multiple climate model generations. Although these simulations have also been used to make projections at specific Global Warming Levels (GWLs), dedicated simulations are more appropriate to study changes in a stabilizing climate. Here, we analyze precipitation projections in six multi‐century experiments with fixed atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, conducted with the UK Earth System Model and which span a range of GWLs between 1.5 and 5°C of warming. Regions are identified where the sign of precipitation trends in high‐emission transient projections is reversed in the stabilization experiments. For example, stabilization reverses a summertime precipitation decline across Europe. This precipitation recovery occurs concurrently with changes in the pattern of Atlantic sea surface temperature trends due to a slow recovery of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in the stabilization experiments, along with changes in humidity and atmospheric circulation.
A Combined Effect of the Earth's Magnetic Dipole Tilt and IMF By in Controlling Auroral Electron Precipitation
Authors: Laitinen J. , Holappa L. , Vanhamäki H.
Published: March 2024

Auroral particle precipitation is usually assumed to be equally strong for both signs of the By component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). This is also the case in most currently used precipitation models, which parameterize solar wind driving by empirical coupling functions. However, recent studies have showed that geomagnetic activity is significantly modulated by the signs and amplitudes of IMF By and the Earth's dipole tilt angle Ψ. This so called explicit By dependence is not yet included in any current precipitation models. In this paper, we quantify this By dependence for auroral electron precipitation for the first time. We use precipitation measurements of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Special Sensor J instruments from years 1995–2022. We show that the dawnside electron precipitation at energies 13.9–30 keV is greater at auroral latitudes for opposite signs of By and Ψ in both hemispheres, while the dusk sector is mostly unaffected by By and Ψ. For energies below 6.5 keV the By dependence is strong poleward of the auroral oval in the summer hemisphere, also exhibiting a strong dawn‐dusk asymmetry. We also show that By dependence of precipitation modulates ionospheric conductance.
Stochastic in Space and Time: 2. Effects of Simulating Orographic Gradients in Daily Runoff Variability on Bedrock River Incision
Authors: Forte A. M. , Rossi M. W.
Published: March 2024

The extent to which climate and tectonics can be coupled rests on the degree to which topography and erosion rates scales linearly. The stream power incision model (SPIM) is commonly used to interpret such relationships, but is limited in probing mechanisms. A promising modification to stream power models are stochastic‐threshold incision models (STIM) which incorporate both variability in discharge and a threshold to erosion. In this family of models, the form of the topography erosion rate relationship is largely controlled by runoff variability. Applications of STIM typically assume temporally variable, but spatially uniform and synchronous runoff generating events, an assumption that is likely broken in regions with complicated orography. To address this limitation, we develop a new 1D STIM model, which we refer to as spatial‐STIM. This modified version of STIM allows for stochasticity in both time and space and is driven by empirical relationships between topography and runoff statistics. Coupling between mean runoff and runoff variability via topography in spatial‐STIM generates highly nonlinear relationships between steady‐state topography and erosion rates. We find that whether the daily statistics of runoff are spatially linked or unlinked, which sets whether there is spatial synchronicity in the recurrence interval of runoff generating events, is a fundamental control on landscape evolution. Many empirical topography—erosion rate data sets are based on data that span across the endmember scenarios of linked versus unlinked behavior. It is thus questionable whether singular SPIM relationships fit to those data can be meaningfully related to their associated hydroclimatic conditions.
Urban Ecohydrology: Accounting for Sub‐Grid Lateral Water and Energy Transfers in a Land Surface Model
Authors: Alexander G. Aaron , Voter Carolyn B. , Wright Daniel B. , Loheide Steven P.
Published: March 2024

Although urbanization fundamentally alters water and energy cycles, contemporary land surface models (LSMs) often do not include key urban vegetation processes that serve to transfer water and energy laterally across heterogeneous urban land types. Urban water/energy transfers occur when rainfall landing on rooftops, sidewalks, and driveways is redirected to lawns or pervious pavement and when transpiration occurs from branches overhanging impervious surfaces with the corresponding root water uptake takes place in nearby portions of yards. We introduce Noah‐MP for Heterogenous Urban Environments (Noah‐MP HUE), which adds sub‐grid water transfers to the widely used Noah‐MP LSM. We examine how sub‐grid water transfers change surface water and energy balances by systematically increasing the amount of simulated water transfer for four scenarios: tree canopy expanding over pavement (Urban Tree Expansion), tree canopy shifting over pavement (Urban Tree Shift), and directing impermeable runoff onto surrounding vegetation (Downspout Disconnection) or into an engineered pavement (Permeable Pavement). Even small percentages of sub‐grid water transfer can reduce runoff and enhance evapotranspiration and deep drainage. Event‐scale runoff reduction depends on storm depth, rainfall intensity, and antecedent soil moisture. Sub‐grid water transfers also tend to enhance (reduce) latent (sensible) heat. Results highlight the importance not only of fine‐scale heterogeneity on larger scale surface processes, but also the importance of urban management practices that enhance lateral water transfers and water storage–so‐called green infrastructure–as they change land surface fluxes and, potentially, atmospheric processes. This work opens a pathway to directly integrate those practices in regional climate simulations.
Nanofabricated high turn-density spiral coils for on-chip electromagneto-optical conversion
Authors: Bok Ilhan , Ashtiani Alireza , Gokhale Yash , Phillips Jack , Zhu Tianxiang , Hai Aviad
Published: March 2024

Circuit-integrated electromagnets are fundamental building blocks for on-chip signal transduction, modulation, and tunability, with specific applications in environmental and biomedical micromagnetometry. A primary challenge for improving performance is pushing quality limitations while minimizing size and fabrication complexity and retaining spatial capabilities. Recent efforts have exploited highly involved three-dimensional synthesis, advanced insulation, and exotic material compositions. Here, we present a rapid nanofabrication process that employs electron beam dose control for high-turn-density diamond-embedded flat spiral coils; these coils achieve efficient on-chip electromagnetic-to-optical signal conversion. Our fabrication process relies on fast 12.3 s direct writing on standard poly(methyl methacrylate) as a basis for the metal lift-off process. Prototypes with 70 micrometer overall diameters and 49–470 nm interturn spacings with corresponding inductances of 12.3–12.8 nH are developed. We utilize optical micromagnetometry to demonstrate that magnetic field generation at the center of the structure effectively correlates with finite element modeling predictions. Further designs based on our process can be integrated with photolithography to broadly enable optical magnetic sensing and spin-based computation.