bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implants for HIV prevention in young women: Provider perceptions and lessons learned from contraceptive implant provision
Authors: Humphries Hilton , Upfold Michele , Mahlase Gethwana , Mdladla Makhosazana , Gengiah Tanuja N. , Abdool Karim Quarraisha
Published: January 2022

Preventing new HIV infections, especially amongst young women, is key to ending the HIV epidemic especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Potent antiretroviral (ARV) drugs used as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) are currently being formulated as long-acting implantable devices, or nanosuspension injectables that release drug at a sustained rate providing protection from acquiring HIV. PrEP as implants (PrEP Implants) offers an innovative and novel approach, expanding the HIV prevention toolbox. Feedback from providers and future users in the early clinical product development stages may identify modifiable characteristics which can improve acceptability and uptake of new technologies. Healthcare workers (HCWs) perspectives and lessons learned during the rollout of contraceptive implants will allow us to understand what factors may impact the roll-out of PrEP implants. We conducted eighteen interviews with HCWs (9 Nurses and 9 Community Healthcare Workers) in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. HCWs listed the long-acting nature of the contraceptive implant as a key benefit, helping to overcome healthcare system barriers like heavy workloads and understaffing. However, challenges like side effects, migration of the implant, stakeholder buy-in and inconsistent training on insertion and removal hampered the roll-out of the contraceptive implant. For PrEP implants, HCWs preferred long-acting products that were palpable and biodegradable. Our findings highlighted that the characteristics of PrEP implants that are perceived to be beneficial by HCWs may not align with that of potential users, potentially impacting the acceptability and uptake of PrEP implants. Further our data highlight the need for sustained and multi-pronged approaches to training HCWs and introducing new health technologies into communities. Finding a balance between the needs of HCWs that accommodate their heavy workloads, limited resources at points of delivery of care and the needs and preferences of potential users need to be carefully considered in the development of PrEP implants.
Simple epidemic models with segmentation can be better than complex ones
Authors: Lee Geon , Yoon Se-eun , Shin Kijung
Published: January 2022

Given a sequence of epidemic events, can a single epidemic model capture its dynamics during the entire period? How should we divide the sequence into segments to better capture the dynamics? Throughout human history, infectious diseases (e.g., the Black Death and COVID-19) have been serious threats. Consequently, understanding and forecasting the evolving patterns of epidemic events are critical for prevention and decision making. To this end, epidemic models based on ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which effectively describe dynamic systems in many fields, have been employed. However, a single epidemic model is not enough to capture long-term dynamics of epidemic events especially when the dynamics heavily depend on external factors (e.g., lockdown and the capability to perform tests). In this work, we demonstrate that properly dividing the event sequence regarding COVID-19 (specifically, the numbers of active cases, recoveries, and deaths) into multiple segments and fitting a simple epidemic model to each segment leads to a better fit with fewer parameters than fitting a complex model to the entire sequence. Moreover, we propose a methodology for balancing the number of segments and the complexity of epidemic models, based on the Minimum Description Length principle. Our methodology is(a) Automatic: not requiring any user-defined parameters,(b) Model-agnostic: applicable to any ODE-based epidemic models, and(c) Effective: effectively describing and forecasting the spread of COVID-19 in 70 countries.
A multiplex serological assay for the characterization of IgG immune response to SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Brochot Etienne , Souplet Vianney , Follet Pauline , Ponthieu Pauline , Olivier Christophe , Even Gaël , Audebert Christophe , Malbec Rémi
Published: January 2022

In the fight against SARS-COV-2, the development of serological assays based on different antigenic domains represent a versatile tool to get a comprehensive picture of the immune response or differentiate infection from vaccination beyond simple diagnosis. Here we use a combination of the Nucleoprotein (NP), the Spike 1 (S1) and Spike 2 (S2) subunits, and the receptor binding domain (RBD) and N-terminal domain (NTD) of the Spike antigens from the CoViDiag® multiplex IgG assay, to follow the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection over a long time period and depending on disease severity. Using a panel of 209 sera collected from 61 patients up to eight months after infection, we observed that most patients develop an immune response against multiple viral epitope, but anti-S2 antibodies seemed to last longer. For all the tested IgGs, we have found higher responses for hospitalized patients than for non-hospitalized ones. Moreover the combination of the five different IgG responses increased the correlation to the neutralizing antibody titers than if considered individually. Multiplex immunoassays have the potential to improve diagnostic performances, especially for ancient infection or mild form of the disease presenting weaker antibody responses. Also the combined detection of anti-NP and anti-Spike-derived domains can be useful to differentiate vaccination from viral infection and accurately assess the antibody potential to neutralize the virus.
Lingering effects of COVID-19 on the mental health of first-year university students in Japan
Authors: Horita Ryo , Nishio Akihiro , Yamamoto Mayumi
Published: January 2022

Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is continuing unabated in Japan, as of October 2021. We aimed to compare first-year university students’ psychological distress before the pandemic in 2019, during the pandemic in 2020, and one year after the onset of the pandemic, in 2021.

Methods

The study conducted online surveys over three years from April to May each year. Participants were 400 first-year students in 2019, 766 in 2020, and 738 in 2021. We examined differences in scores on the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms—Japanese version (CCAPS-Japanese) between the three years using a one-way analysis of variance, and differences in the CCAPS-Japanese critical items using chi-squared test and residual analysis.

Results

The average scores on the Depression and Generalized Anxiety subscale in 2021 were significantly higher than those in 2020, but remained the same as in 2019. The Academic Distress subscale score in 2020 was the worst compared to 2019 and 2021. Meanwhile, the number of students who experienced severe suicidal ideation increased year by year from 2019 to 2021.

Conclusion

The mean mental health of first-year university students worsened after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, and recovered to the pre-pandemic level over the next two years. However, the number of high-risk students with suicidal ideation continued to increase. A system is required for early detection and support for students at high risk of mental health issues.
Positive solutions for a class of generalized quasilinear Schrödinger
equation involving concave and convex nonlinearities in Orilicz space
Authors: Meng Yan , Huang Xianjiu , Chen Jianhua
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we study the following generalized quasilinear
Schrödinger equation
−
div
(

g
2

(
u
)
∇
u
)
+
g
(
u
)

g
′

(
u
)

|

∇
u

|

2

+
V
(
x
)
u
=
λ
f
(
x
,
u
)
+
h
(
x
,
u
)
,

x
∈

R

N

,
where
λ
>
0
,
N
≥
3
,

g
∈

C

1

(

R

,

R

+

)
. By using a change of
variable, we obtain the existence of positive solutions for this problem
with concave and convex nonlinearities via the Mountain Pass Theorem. Our
results generalize some existing results.
Történeti pragmatikai variációról a regiszter tükrében
Authors: Varga Mónika
Published: January 2022

A feltételes, valamint a megengedő/ellentétes jelentéstartalom
rendszeres funkcionális alternatíváiként terjedtek el a 16. századtól (a
középmagyar korszak sajátosságaként) a határozói igeneves szerkezetek. A
variáció szintaktikai és pragmatikai természetűnek bizonyult.
Megvizsgálandó, hogy milyen külső tényezők hathattak az újabb variáns
választására. Jelen tanulmány annak vizsgálatához járul hozzá, hogy a közös
regiszterbe tartozó írásokban egységesebb lehet-e az innovatív variánsok
használata a szöveghagyomány részévé válva, vagy pedig a formálisabb
művekben – ezúttal a korszak gyakorlati, magyarázó jellegű szövegtípusaiban
– több egyéni, stílusbeli sajátosság mutatkozik, az élőnyelvközeli
forrásokhoz képest szélsőségesebb arányokkal. Az eredmények az utóbbit
erősítik meg, ahogy azt is, hogy az egyes regiszterek meghatározásának
finomhangolására szükség lehet, figyelembe véve a szövegtípus célkitűzését,
a leírások, magyarázatok felépítésének különbségeit is.
What do we know about Eye and Facial Protectors : Review for COVID-19 Pandemic and Possible Future Epidemics
Authors: Jalilvand Hadi , Meshkini Mohammad , Meshkini Fatemeh , Valikhanlou Nayyereh
Published: January 2022

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is mandatory for everybody in a threatening state, they are meant to provide safety and prevent injuries especially in hazardous issues. Facial guards are mostly used for providing eyes and face from splash-kind of hazards. During the COVID-19 pandemic, their use also was recommended to longer the use of masks or respirators, due to their shortage and the excessive demand of their reuse. This review gathered information on eye and face protectors from various manufacturer, international and local guidelines; also authors’ experiment during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran.
Diabetes mellitus type 1 in children and adolescents in Moscow. Data from the Moscow Segment of the Federal Register of Diabetic Patients 2015–2020
Authors: Petryaykina E. E. , Laptev D. N. , Vorontsova I. G. , Demidov N. A. , Ryapolova Yu. А.
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: Therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is still largely an unsolved clinical problem. Despite the introduction into clinical practice of modern insulin preparations, devices for its administration, as well as continuous monitoring of glucose levels, the goals of therapy are often not achieved. At the same time, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) notes an increase in the prevalence and incidence of T1DM in children and adolescents in the world. The Federal Register of Diabetes Mellitus (FRDM) is a dynamically updated database of patients with diabetes, which allows assessing prevalence and incidence rates, achievement of glycemic control goals and the incidence of diabetes complications.

AIM: analyze the epidemiological data of T1DM (prevalence, morbidity) in children and adolescents (patients from birth to 18 years of age) in Moscow according to the FRSD data and to assess their dynamics, as well as the dynamics of achieving the goals of glycemic control and the incidence of T1DM complications in 2015-2020.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The object of the study is a sample from the database of the Moscow segment of the FRDM of a cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes under 18 years of age who were registered for the period 01.01.2015-01.01.2021. Epidemiological prevalence and incidence rates are calculated per 100,000 of the relevant population.

RESULTS: the number of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in Moscow as of 01.01.2021 was 4024 people (2962 children and 1062 adolescents). Over the period from 2015 to 2020, there was an increase in the prevalence of T1DM (possibly due to an increase in the quality of data registration in the FRSD) and a decrease in the incidence of both children and adolescents. There was also a decrease in the level of HbA1c and the proportion of patients with HbAc1> 8.0% among children with T1DM. Both children and adolescents with T1DM showed a decrease in the incidence of diabetic coma and ketoacidosis with a simultaneous increase in the incidence of severe hypoglycemia, as well as a decrease in the incidence of retinopathy and nephropathy. However, the incidence of neuropathy decreased among children and increased among adolescents.

CONCLUSION: The data obtained on the dynamic management of adolescents with T1DM are the basis for considering the development of a profile program for their dynamic observation, taking into account the need for psychological and social support for patients and their families.
T-lymphocytes phenotypic composition of peripheral blood in patients with Graves’ disease undergoing conservative therapy with thiamazole
Authors: Dudina M. A. , Dogadin S. A. , Savchenko A. A. , Belenyuk V. D.
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: Effective control of autoimmune inflammation in Graves’ disease determines necessity to study the T helper (Th) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes dysfunction, as well as the level of regulatory T-cells (Treg) activation in patients with Graves’ disease on thyrostatic medication, which will clarify the immunomodulatory effects of long-term thiamazole treatment serve as targets for more specific therapies.

AIM: To study the phenotypic composition of T-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with Graves’ disease to assess the direction of immune response depending on thimazole-induced euthyroidism duration.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-center, cohort, continuous, open-label, controlled trial was conducted to assess the phenotypic composition of T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood in women with Graves’ disease on long-term thiamazole treatment. The phenotypic composition of T-lymphocytes was determined by flow cytometry using direct immunofluorescence with conjugated FITC monoclonal antibodies depending on the duration of thimazole-induced euthyroidism of long-term thiamazole treatment.

RESULTS: The study included 135 women with Graves’ disease, mean age 43.09±12.81 years, 120 (88.91%) with a relapse of the disease and 15 (11.09%) with newly diagnosed hyperthyroidism. An increase of activated CD3+CD4+CD25+ was found in patients with Graves’ disease with a duration of thimazole-induced euthyroidism 5–8 months and 9–12 months, respectively, Me=0.94 (0.48–1.45), p=0.020) and Me=0.95 (0.41–1.80), p=0.025), in control group — Me=0.12 (0.03–0.68). Compared to the control an increase of CD4+CD25+CD127Low (Treg) was found in patients with a duration of thimazole-induced euthyroidism 5–8 and 9–12 months. The content of Treg in peripheral blood in Graves’ disease patients with a duration of thimazole-induced euthyroidism more than 12 months decreases, but remains elevated relative to the control.

CONCLUSION: In patients with Graves’ disease with a duration of thimazole-induced euthyroidism 5–8 months and 9–12 months the level of Treg has been increased. The increase of activated Th (CD3+CD4+CD25+) persists independently of thimazole-induced euthyroidism. In patients with Graves’ disease with a duration of thimazole-induced euthyroidism for more than 12 months, there is a compensatory increase in regulatory T-lymphocyte, and the total number of T-helpers is restored to the control.
Differences in plasma miRNA levels in inferior petrosal sinus samples of patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing’s syndrome
Authors: Malygina A. A. , Belaya Z. E. , Nikitin A. G. , Koshkin P. A. , Sitkin I. I. , Lapshina A. M. , Khandaeva P. M. , Lutsenko A. S. , Trukhina D. A. , Melnichenko G. A.
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: For the last decades microRNAs (miR) have proven themselves as novel biomarkers for various types of diseases. Identification of specific circulating microRNA panel that differ patient with Cushing’s disease (CD) and ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS) could improve the diagnostic procedure.

AIM: to evaluate the differences in miR levels in plasma samples drained from inferior petrosal sinuses in patients with CD and EAS.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: single-center, case-control study: we enrolled 24 patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing’s syndrome (CS) requiring bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS).  Among them 12 subjects were confirmed as CD (males=2, females=10; median age 46,5 [IR 33,8;53,5]) and 12 as EAS (males=4, females=8, median age 54 [IR 38,75;60,75]). BIPSS was performed through a percutaneous bilateral approach. Once catheters were properly placed, blood samples were withdrawn simultaneously from each petrosal sinus and a peripheral vein. Plasma samples from both sinuses were centrifuged and then stored at -80 C. MiRNA isolation from plasma was carried out by an miRneasy Plasma/Serum Kit (Qiagen, Germany) on the automatic QIAcube station according to the manufacturer protocol. To prevent degradation, we added 1 unit of RiboLock Rnase Inhibitor (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) per 1 μL of RNA solution. The concentration of total RNA in the aqueous solution was evaluated on a NanoVue Plus spectrophotometer (GE Healthcare, USA). The libraries were prepared by the QIAseq miRNA Library Kit following the manufacturer standard protocols. MiR expression was then analyzed by sequencing on Illumina NextSeq 500 (Illumina, USA).

RESULTS: 108 miRNAs were differently expressed (p <0,05) in inferior petrosal sinus samples of patients with CD vs EAS. We divided these miRNAs into 3 groups based on the significance of the results. The first group consisted of samples with the highest levels of detected miR in both groups. Four miRNAs were included: miR-1203 was downregulated in CD vs EAS — 36.74 (p=0,013), and three other were upregulated in CD vs EAS: miR-383-3p 46.36 (p=0,01), miR-4290 6.84 (p=0,036), miR-6717-5p 4.49 (p=0,031). This miRs will be validated in larger cohorts using RT-qPCR.

CONCLUSION: Plasma miR levels differ in inferior petrosal samples taken from patients with CD vs EAS. These miRs need to be validated by different methods and in peripheral plasma samples in order to be used as potentially non-invasive biomarkers to differentiate ACTH-dependent CS.
KONSTRUKSI SOSIAL PERILAKU KEAGAMAAN ANAK DI LOKALISASI WERU, KEDIRI
Authors: Ningtyas Trimurti , Pradhana Fauzi Adhe
Published: January 2022

Prostitution complex has so far been labeled as a risky place for the child's growth process, as well as in the aspect of forming religious behavior. This article intends to answer the question of how the process of forming religious behavior of the child in the prostitution complex at Weru, Kediri. This study uses a qualitative approach by observing and doing in-depth interviews with children, parents who work as prostitutes, pimps, mosque administrators and the head of POKJA at the prostitutions site, as data collection techniques. Concerning theoretical perspective, this research employs the Social Construction theory of Peter L. Berger. The results revealed that the children at the prostitution complex of Weru could not carry out religious activities properly because their family and surrounding environment was not supportive. The social construction that is formed the prostitution complex does not show religious values that should become the main focus of life.Lokalisasi selama ini dilabelkan sebagai tempat yang riskan untuk proses tumbuh kembang anak, demikian pula dalam aspek pembentukan perilaku religius. Artikel ini bermaksud untuk menjawab pertanyaan bagaimana proses pembentukan perilaku keagamaan anak-anak di lokalisasi Weru Kediri dengan menggunakan teori Konstruksi Sosial dari Peter L. Berger. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam terhadap anak-anak di lokalisasi, para orangtua yang bekerja sebagai PSK, mucikari, pengurus masjid, dan ketua POKJA di lokalisasi. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa anak-anak di lokalisasi Weru ini tidak dapat menjalankan kegiatan keagamaan dengan baik karena faktor keluarga dan lingkungan yang kurang mendukung. Konstruksi sosial yang terbentuk dalam lokalisasi ini tidak menunjukkan nilai-nilai religius yang seharusnya menjadi tumpuan utama kehidupan.
OPTIMALISASI WHATSAPP GRUP LINTAS AGAMA DALAM MENGOKOHKAN JARINGAN SOSIAL UMAT BAHA’I DI DESA CEBOLEK KIDUL, PATI, JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Rosyid Moh
Published: January 2022

This paper aims to describe the existence of followers of the Baha'i religion in Cebolek Kidul, Margoyoso, Pati, Central Java. This lack of state and community recognition of the presence of followers of the Baha'i religion encourages them to preserve their existence by strengthening the interaction of fellow Baha'is with other interfaith fellows. Data of this paper was obtained by observing and doing in-depth interviews with the members of Baha'is. The results reveal that although Baha'i adherents have not yet received their rights as other recognized religious fellow in Indonesia, they maintain and preserve their existence by involving themselves in interfaith forums in the WhatsApp group. Their participation in the WhatsApp group becomes a medium for followers of other religions to understand Bahai teachings, follow information and dynamics of Baha'i, and provide a better understanding to the public about Baha'i religious teachings. As a consequence, Baha'i people in Cebolek Kidul feel close and become an inseparable part of their society.Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan eksistensi penganut agama Baha’i di Desa Cebolek Kidul, Kecamatan Margoyoso, Kabupaten Pati, Jawa Tengah. Kurangnya pengakuan negara dan masyarakat terhadap kehadiran para pemeluk agama Baha’i ini mendorong mereka untuk berupaya menjaga eksistensi dengan mengokohkan interaksi sesama pemeluk Baha’i dengan umat lintas agama lain. Upaya ini mereka lakukan melalui pengelolaan jaringan via grup WhatsApp (WA). Data diperoleh dengan observasi dan wawancara mendalam terhadap umat Baha’i. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa meskipun pemeluk agama Baha’i belum mendapatkan haknya sebagai umat beragama di Indonesia, namun mereka menjaga eksistensi mereka dengan melibatkan diri dalam forum lintas agama di grup Whatsapp. Keikutsertaan ini menjadi media bagi pemeluk agama lain untuk memahami ajaran Bahai, mengikuti informasi dan dinamika Baha’i, serta memberi pemahaman pada publik tentang ajaran agama Baha’i. Sehingga secara tidak langsung, umat Baha’i merasa dekat dan menjadi bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari masyarakat mereka.
DINAMIKA KONFLIK IDENTITAS PENGHAYAT SAPTA DARMA DI DESA SUKORENO, JEMBER, JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Hasanah Fitriatul , Widianto Ahmad Arif , Gita Purwasih Joan Hesti
Published: January 2022

The polemic of religious identity between “penghayat kepercayaan” (believers of indigenous religion) and followers of the official religions in Indonesia is still become a sensitive issue, which adds to the long list of marginalization of indigenous believers in Indonesia. Several forms of marginalization are: forcing to choose certain official religions in their National ID Card, the pros and cons of the burial places of the deceased indigenous believers, and restrictions on the construction of their worship places. This article aims to elaborate the dynamics of identity conflict between adherents of the Sapta Darma (one of indigenous belief) and the followers of official religions in Sukoreno Village, Jember, East Java. This study uses a qualitative approach using observation, in-depth interviews with 7 (seven) informants of Sapta Darma followers, and members of FKUB (Forum of Religious Harmony) for the data collection. The results of the study reveal that this identity polemic has made it difficult for adherents of Sapta Dharma to change their religious identity on their ID cards. As a consequence, they also have difficulty in accessing public burial places. Conflict resolution efforts are carried out through FKUB by providing socialization of knowledge on nationality and cultural perspective to the interfaith leaders. Polemik identitas agama antara penghayat kepercayaan dengan pemeluk agama resmi di Indonesia masih menjadi isu yang menambah daftar panjang marginalisasi penganut kepercayaan di Indonesia. Bentuk marginalisasi ini mengarah kepada pemaksaan pencantuman agama tertentu dalam KTP dan KK warga penghayat, pro dan kontra tempat pemakaman warga penghayat yang meninggal, dan pembatasan pembangunan rumah peribadatan bagi warga penghayat. Artikel ini bermaksud untuk mengelaborasi dinamika konflik identitas antara penghayat kepercayaan Sapta Darma dengan para pemeluk agama resmi, dengan mengambil lokasi tempat di Desa Sukoreno, Jember, Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara mendalam terhadap 7 (tujuh) informan warga penghayat Sapta Darma, dan anggota FKUB (Forum Kerukunan Umat Beragama). Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa polemik identitas ini mengakibatkan warga pengahayat kesulitan dalam mengganti identitas agamanya di KTP dan KK sehingga mereka memiliki identitas ganda dan kesulitan dalam mengakses tempat pemakaman umum. Upaya resolusi konflik dilakukan melalui FKUB dengan memberikan sosialisasi wawasan kebangsaan dan pendekatan kultural dengan tokoh lintas agama.
FAKE REALITY: WOMEN PORTRAYAL IN BEAUTY PRODUCT ADVERTISEMENTS OF PAKISTANI PRIVATE CHANNELS
Authors: Rana Zarnab
Published: January 2022

Since advertising was introduced many centuries ago, women have been objectified and, in some cases, insulted or belittled. The second wave of feminists challenged society's definition of femininity, and society's insistence on equating men with “thought” and women with “nature” and “body.” This paper aims to investigate the question of women portrayal in Pakistani media with “Jean Baudrillard theory of Simulacra and Simulation”. It focuses on how media and writing are constantly affected by hyperreality. Films, commercials, news, web-based media, and so on address fake real factors with the goal that the current world can't understand reality and innovation. Content analysis was used to emphasize how sexist media constructs an unattainable or objective image of female beauty. This paper shows how personal achievements and accomplishments are only acceptable if they meet the criteria of unrealistic beauty standards. The idea of being “perfect” is reinforced through media but mostly women are suffering with anxiety, depression and the feeling of being insecure in their homes. The fear of being inferior and rejection make them vulnerable and less competitive in society which develops a sense of passiveness and low self-esteem.Sejak dunia periklanan diperkenalkan, perempuan telah menjadi objek, dan dalam beberapa kasus mereka direndahkan dan mengalami penolakan. Gelombang feminis telah menentang definisi feminitas dan desakan masyarakat untuk menyamakan laki-laki dengan ‘pikiran’ dan perempuan dengan ‘nature’ dan ‘body’. Artikel ini bermaksud untuk menyelidiki bagaimana proses penggambaran perempuan di media Pakistan melalui teori Simulacra dan Simulasi Jean Baudrillard. Tulisan ini juga berfokus pada bagaimana media secara terus-menerus dipengaruhi oleh hiperrealitas. Film, iklan, berita, media berbasis website, dan yang lainnya membahas realitas palsu dengan tujuan agar dunia saat ini tidak memahami realitas dan inovasi. Analisis Konten digunakan untuk menekankan bagaimana media seksis membangun citra kecantikan perempuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bagaimana pencapaian pribadi hanya dapat diterima jika telah memenuhi standar kecantikan yang tidak realistis. Gagasan untuk menjadi perempuan “sempurna” diperkuat melalui media, namun pada kenyataannya para perempuan justru mengalami kecemasan, depresi, dan perasaan tidak aman. Inferioritas dan dan ketakutan akan penolakan membuat mereka rentan dan kurang kompetitif dalam masyarakat, yang kemudian berkembang menjadi sikap pasif dan memiliki harga diri yang rendah.
PENGANTAR REDAKSI
Authors: Arifin Achmad Zainal
Published: January 2022

Alhamdulillah, puji syukur atas terbitnya Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif (JSR) Vol.16/No.1 Tahun 2021 ini. Untuk terbitan edisi Oktober kali ini, JSR masih melanjutkan isu-isu yang diangkat dalam Konferensi Panel ke-4 Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif yang dilaksanakan pada tanggal 24-25 November 2020, yaitu terkait dengan ragam ekspresi keberagamaan pada beberapa kelompok social-keagamaan yang ada di masyarakat, khususnya komunitas penghayat keagamaan, komunitas Islam tradisional, dan komunitas berbasis profesi. Isu yang dimunculkan pada terbitan kali ini juga cukup beragam, meski kajian dari perspektif gender terasa lebih dominan karena diwakili setidaknya oleh empat artikel.
CENTRALISTIC REFORM: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF TAX REFORM CAMPAIGN IN THE DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF TAXES
Authors: Andayani Tri Juniati , Puspa Ratih , Subiakto Henri
Published: January 2022

The Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) has been running a tax reform program to enable a comprehensive transformation in the taxation system to create a strong, credible, and accountable tax institution. This program enhances equitable taxation and an excellent and integrated data expansion to increase tax revenues. The discourses on tax reform are primarily promoted on DGT communication channels, including its online social media. This discourse leads to a likely impact of a partial taxation system. Thisresearch aims to analyze the discourse of tax reform on the online social media of DGT using Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis based on texts on online media as the primary data. It was revealed that DGT conveys messages about tax reform in three ways: tax reformation as a public communication campaign, discourse of Indonesia taxation transparency, and discourse of taxation in the Directorate General of Taxes to face the 4.0 industrial revolution. DGT conveys these three discourses according to its work scope as a state institution that constantly strives for making transformations through its programs that are carried out based on the provisions of the umbrella institutions, including the vision and mission of the President. In this case, the President’s vision and mission are inseparable from the demands of the times, international pressure, the history of the nation, and social changes in society.
LOMBOK WOMAN EMPOWERMENT IN THE DIGITAL ERA THROUGH MANAGING COMMUNITY RADIO AS A MEDIA OF PANDEMIC COMMUNICATION
Authors: Ummah Athik Hidayatul
Published: January 2022

Women have some part in the pandemic Covid-19, especially in providing true information. This article tends to describe how Lombok woman empower themselves through managing community radio during Pandemic Covid-19. Related to the role of community radio is increasing especially in providing the true information needed by the public. These women manage the radio community called “Nina Bayan” in North Lombok Regency. This phenomenon is interesting to be studied since the people in this area have been facing long-standing difficulties, from the Lombok earthquake that occurred in 2018 to the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020. The resilience of society, especially women's groups, in facing this difficult situation is to form a media broadcast which is community radio. The purpose of the research is to explore the role and strategy of the radio community “Nina Bayan” in building pandemic communication during the digital era managed by these women. This study uses a qualitative approach to describe the phenomenon of the study in depth and detail. Research data obtained from interviews (three interviewees: founder, program manager, announcer or teacher), observations and literature review to strengthen the study in theory and methodology. The results show that (1) Dissemination of pandemic communication was packed through the communication media of the radio based on community needs and local wisdom so that it was easily accepted and accessed by the community. (2) The strategy carried out by the radio community to survive amid the challenges of the broadcasting world is capacity building for radio managers and broadcasters, using an inclusiveness approach, creating programs based on community needs and broadcasting digitalization.
COMBATING INFODEMIC COVID-19: GOVERNMENT RESPONSE AGAINST FAKE NEWS ON SOCIAL MEDIA
Authors: Prianto Andi Luhur , Abdillah Abdillah , Syukri Syukri , Muhammad Firdaus , Yama Arifeen
Published: January 2022

The global commitment to fighting the pandemic is not only about medical and epidemiological work, but also about how information about the disease is disseminated. The threat of the Covid-19 infodemic is no less dangerous than the pandemic itself. The phenomenon of infodemic has distorted the work of science and reduced public trust in state authorities. This research has identified, mapped, and analyzed official government responses to fake news attacks on social media. This study uses an interpretive-phenomenological approach, related to the spread and belief of fake news about Covid-19 in Indonesia. Data analysis uses the Nvivo-12 Pro application, as an artificial intelligence tool to support data exploration from various sources. The results show that the quality of media literacy, public communication performance, and the effectiveness of government regulations have become part of the challenges in mitigating infodemic. The level of public trust in information from social media contributes to the decline in trust in fake news about Covid-19. Stimulation from the social media news that does not control the belief in myths and false information about Covid-19. Content creators who have produced, posted, and shared on social media channels that are less critical, have an impact on the infodemic situation. The solution is to increase media literacy education and the effectiveness of law enforcement in mitigating the infodemic in Indonesia.
THE SAFETY FACTORS OF PROBABILITY REACHING LIMITING STATES OF NPP EQUIPMENTS AND PIPELINES DURING DIFFERENT OPERATING MODES
Authors: Kuz’min D. A. , Kuz’michevskiy A. Yu.
Published: January 2022

Reliability theory makes it possible to determine the probabilities of destruction, reaching limit states, equipment and pipeline failures (E&P). Normative documents, as a rule, define requirements for integral indicators of reliability or safety of objects, but do not establish requirements for admissible values of probabilities for individual systems and data elements of objects. This article proposes the approach for determining the permissible values of the probabilities of reaching the yield stress or ultimate strength by operating stresses on the basis of design data on loads and data from certificates on the mechanical properties of metal. During operation, the achievement of the working stresses in metal of E&P value of the permissible stress values is a probabilistic event, in this fact, the probabilistic approach has been developed to obtain the safety factor of probability reaching limiting states. The developed approach is based on the methods of strength science, statistical analysis and probability theory. The object of application of the developed approach is thermal mechanical equipment used in different branches of technology. Using the example of the main circulation pipeline of the NPP with WWER-440, the presence of a reserve in the probability of reaching the limit state is shown and a relationship is established between the stress variation coefficient and the calculated probability for normal operation and abnormal operation. This approach determines the reserve for the probability of destruction, which will justify the extension of the resource or optimize the operating parameters of the objects under consideration.
POWER SHELL ELEMENTS: DYNAMIC MATHEMATICAL MODELS, POWER SYSTEMS (OVERVIEW) Continuation
Authors: Chernus Pavel P. , Arbiev A. K. , Chernus Petr P. , Loshitskiy P. A. , Sharovatov V. T.
Published: January 2022

This article is a review devoted to the theory and practice of the application of power shell elements (PSE) in pneumatic drives (PD). She makes acquaint the reader with the main provisions of the theory of PD, performed on the PSE. The review briefly presents materials on the development of dynamic mathematical models (DMM) of power units (PU) of shell PDs (SPD), based on the use of static characteristics of SPD, an assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of PU based on traditional pneumatic cylinders (PC) and PSE is given. The main attention in the review is paid to the solution of the problem of creating PU on PSE with the required quality indicators at the design stage, when it is necessary to take into account the properties of compressed gas. For this, an original methodology for the development of nonlinear DMMs for various typical variants of the midrange is proposed, the basis of which is a number of provisions of the theory of gas dynamics. Without invoking this theory, it is impossible to take into account the properties of compressed gas (compressibility of the working medium, dependence on temperature and gas flow rate in the shell, the nature of the gas expansion processes), and, therefore, to reliably describe the state of unsteady gas processes inside the shell and develop a DMM of the PU, to a sufficient taking into account the mentioned properties. Since the topic of this review is intended mainly for engineers who develop SPD (theoreticians and practitioners), the review also contains materials on the linearization of the found nonlinear DMMs. As a result of linearization, nonlinear DMMs are transformed into transfer functions for displacement of the output coordinate and effort. The correctness of the linearization carried out is confirmed by the results of experiments. The review briefly discusses several options for pneumatic supply systems for SPD. Here, of particular interest for a specialist is the material on imparting invariance properties to SPDs to air intake from the atmosphere and discharge of exhaust air into the atmosphere, which significantly expands the scope of SPDs and reduce their cost.
MODEL OF SELECTING TECHNICAL AND OPERATING INDICATORS OF THE PRODUCT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TECHNICAL TASK
Authors: Faskhiev Kh. A.
Published: January 2022

In a competitive market environment, the success of a manufacturer is determined by the competitiveness of its goods and services. The competitiveness of a product is laid down at the stage of its development. Mistakes made early in the development of a new product are costly for the manufacturer in the later stages of its life cycle. To implement the principle “do it right the first time”, a three-stage model is proposed for choosing the technical and operational indicators of industrial products in the development of technical specifications for design. The essence of the model is that the preselected technical and operational parameters of the product are successively adjusted in three stages based on the results of a comparative assessment of it with competitors according to such integral criteria as economic efficiency in operation, quality coefficient and competitiveness coefficient. The process of correction of indicators is carried out in compliance with the rule of transition to the next stage of assessment only after ensuring the superiority of the product over competitors with the tools of the current stage. A three-stage model of the formation of technical and operational indicators of a product in the development of a technical task helps to ensure the competitiveness of the designed product, competitiveness in selected market segments from the early stages of development with minimal labor and material costs. The practical applicability of the proposed model is shown on the example of the formation of a technical assignment for the design of a mediumduty delivery vehicle.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DESIGN QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEM IN JSC “NHC MILES AND KAMOV”
Authors: Yakubaliev N. R. , Khomutova E. G.
Published: January 2022

The article reveals the problem of poorly studied methodology of lean design and its practical application. The principle of the Q6 system is described as the basis for the implementation of lean methods in design at NHC Miles and Kamov JSC. The sequence of implementation of the first elements of Q6 within the framework of the project “Design Quality Assurance System” has been determined.
PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE IN DEVELOPING MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST ITEMS FOR MONITORING THE CURRENT PROGRESS OF STUDENTS OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SPECIALTIES
Authors: Kiselev V. L. , Maretskaya V. V. , Spiridonov O. V.
Published: January 2022

Testing is one of the most effective ways for monitoring of students՚ current academic performance. Multiple choice tests are the most common and most often used tasks in the practical activities of higher education teachers. The approaches to the test development are shown and examples of test tasks for students of engineering specialties of highereducational institution are presented in the article.
GRAVITY CHUTES, BUNKERS, GATES, FEEDERS AND DISPENSERS FOR BULK MATERIALS. LECTURE 7
Authors: Nizhegorodov A. I.
Published: January 2022

The article presents materials of Lecture 7 in Theory of carrying and lifting, construction and road vehicles and equipment, which describes bunkers employed for storing and transporting bulk materials, manually and automatically controlled bunker gates, dispensers, gravity chutes, and special dispensers for mica and vermiculite concentrates. The release of bulk materials from the bunkers and the process of arching are analyzed; the pressure on the bunker walls and bottoms and the rate of release of bulk materials through the gates are determined. For a special drum mica dispenser, the feed and mica pulsation values are calculated; the optimal shape of a drum slot section is described. Calculations for two types of gravity chutes are presented.
COMBINED EXTRUSION OF GLASSES WITH A CONICAL BOTTOM. THE RELEVANCE OF RESEARCH
Authors: Vorontsov A. L. , Lebedeva D. A.
Published: January 2022

The urgency of the study of the main technological parameters of the process of combined extrusion of glasses with a conical bottom, necessary for the successful design of the operation, has been substantiated.
COMBINED EXTRUSION OF GLASSES WITH A CONICAL BOTTOM. STATEMENT OF THE VARIATIONAL RESEARCH PROBLEM
Authors: Vorontsov A. L. , Lebedeva D. A.
Published: January 2022

Various possible variants of the process of combined extrusion of glasses with a conical bottom are analyzed, the mathematical consideration of which is necessary for the successful solution of the general variational problem of describing this process. The results of preliminary experiments, confirming the high efficiency of the proposed extrusion method, are presented. A general method for solving the variational problem is chosen.
RADIAL EXTRUSION OF A PIPE BILLET WITH INTERNAL LEDGE. BORDERS OF DEFORMATION ZONES
Authors: Vorontsov A. L. , Reshchikov E. O.
Published: January 2022

By the method of plastic flow by A. L. Vorontsov, formulas were obtained that describe the borders of zones with different deformed states, which is necessary for calculating the accumulated deformations at any point of a pipe billet subjected to internal radial extrusion.
SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION USING OPTICAL SENSORS IN THE TASK OF AUTONOMOUS DRIVING
Authors: Sgibnev I. V. , Vishnyakov B. V.
Published: January 2022

This paper is devoted to the problem of image semantic segmentation for machine vision system of off-road autonomous robotic vehicle. Most modern convolutional neural networks require large computing resources that go beyond the capabilities of many robotic platforms. Therefore, the main drawback of such models is extremely high complexity of the convolutional neural network used, whereas tasks in real applications must be performed on devices with limited resources in real-time. This paper focuses on the practical application of modern lightweight architectures as applied to the task of semantic segmentation on mobile robotic systems. The article discusses backbones based on ResNet18, ResNet34, MobileNetV2, ShuffleNetV2, EfficientNet-B0 and decoders based on U-Net, DeepLabV3 and DeepLabV3+ as well as additional components that can increase the accuracy of segmentation and reduce the inference time. In this paper we propose a model using ResNet34 enconding and DeepLabV3+ decoding with Squeeze & Excitation blocks that was optimal in terms of inference time and accuracy. We also demonstrate our off-road dataset and simulated dataset for semantic segmentation. Furthermore, we increased mIoU metric by 2.6 % on our off-road dataset using pretrained weights on simulated dataset, compared with mIoU metric using pretrained weights on the Cityscapes. Moreover, we achieved 76.1 % mIoU on the Cityscapes validation set and 85.4 % mIoU on our off-road validation set at 37 FPS (Frames per Second) for an input image of 1024×1024 size on one NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2080 card using NVIDIA TensorRT inference framework.
30 años de TV Tamix: Entrevista con Genaro Rojas Ramírez, videoasta ayuujk de Tamazulápam del Espíritu Santo, Oaxaca, fundador de la televisora comunitaria TV Tamix
Authors: Cuevas Martínez Alberto , Rojas Ramírez Genaro
Published: January 2022

Hacia 1990, surgió la organización TV Tamix en el municipio de Tamazulápam del Espíritu Santo Mixe, Oaxaca. Estuvo conformada por personas interesadas en el uso y manejo de los medios radiofónico, videográfico y televisivo. Con cámaras de vídeo, islas de edición y un centro de postproducción analógico, los integrantes de la organización emprendieron el registro de sus manifestaciones culturales. Para difundir los registros audiovisuales, repararon un transmisor de televisión abandonado que pertenecía al Instituto Mexicano de Televisión (IMEVISION), que dio origen al canal 12 “TV Tamix”, un medio de comunicación indígena en lengua ayuujk.
Sobre Descasco as Imagens e Entrego-as na Boca: Lições António Reis
Authors: Soares Ana Isabel
Published: January 2022

Recensão crítica sobre a obra Descasco as Imagens e Entrego-as na Boca – Lições António Reis, volume de ensaios organizado por José Bogalheiro e Manuel Guerra.
Barriers To Change: A Case Study Investigation On Factors Hindering Organizational Transformation
Authors: Perdhana Mirwan Surya , Permanasari Yarra Waninda
Published: January 2022

Regardless the size, organizations need to transform themselves to meet the demand of current competition era. Nevertheless, many organizations were failed to implement change despite having a clear organizational strategy. The aim of this research is to investigate factors hindering organizational transformation and change. To achieve such aim, a qualitative case-study investigation was conducted in a State-owned Enterprise located in Greater Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia, involving 10 participants which consists of top manager, middle managers, line managers and the workers.The findings of this study reveals that transformation effort in the company were hindered due to several factors: commitment and initiatives issues, change management issues, language issues, communication issues, and time constraint issues. Implication for theory and managerial practice were also discussed.
Analisis Pengaruh Kualitas Produk, Kualitas Layanan dan Kemampuan Menjual Terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan ( Studi Pada Percetakan Jadi Jaya Group, Semarang )
Authors: Citra Tamara , Sukresna I Made , Sugiharto J.
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kualitas produk, kualitas layanan, dan kemampuan menjual terhadap loyalitas pelanggan cetakan continuous form dengan menggunakan kepuasan pelanggan sebagai variabel mediator (intervining) studi pada percetakan Jadi Jaya Group Semarang.Non probability sampling dipakai untuk pengambilan sampel. Data dikumpulkan dari 200 responden yang dipilih menggunakan pertimbangan yaitu harus memiliki kriteria pernah melakukan pembelian continuous form sebanyak dua kali pada percetakan Jadi Jaya Group, Semarang. Metode analisis adalah Uji Maximum Likelihood dengan program AMOS versi 21.0.Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa kualitas produk dan kualitas layanan berpengaruh positif terhadap kepuasan pelanggan. Kemudian, kualitas produk dan kepuasan pelanggan berpengaruh positif terhadap loyalitas pelanggan didalam membeli continuous form pada Percetakan Jadi Jaya Group Semarang.