bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current Status of and Recommendations for Nutrition Education in Gastroenterology Fellowship Training in Canada
Authors: Hu Jing , Raman Maitreyi , Gramlich Leah
Published: April 2017

Purpose: Knowledge and skill in the area of nutrition are a key competency for the gastroenterologist. However, standards for nutrition education for gastroenterology fellows in Canada do not exist, and gastroenterologists in training and in practice do not feel confident in their knowledge or skill as it relates to nutrition. This study was undertaken to identify the current status of nutrition education in gastroenterology (GI) fellowship training programs in Canada and to provide insight into the development of nutrition educational goals, processes, and evaluation. Methods: Using mixed methods, we did a survey of current and recent graduates and program directors of GI fellowship programs in Canada. We undertook a focus group with program directors and fellows to corroborate findings of the survey and to identify strategies to advance nutrition education, knowledge, and skill of trainees. Results: In total, 89.3% of the respondents perceived that the nutrition education was important for GI training, and 82.1% of the respondents perceived nutrition care would be part of their practice. However, only 50% of respondents had a formal rotation in their program, and it was mandatory only 36% of the time. Of the respondents, 95% felt that nutrition education should be standardized within GI fellowship training. Conclusions: Significant gaps in nutrition education exist with GI fellowship programs in Canada. The creation of standards for nutrition education would be valued by training programs, and such a nutrition curriculum for GI fellowship training in Canada is proposed.
The Impact of Injector-Based Contrast Agent Administration on Bolus Shape and Magnetic Resonance Angiography Image Quality
Authors: Jost Gregor , Endrikat Jan , Pietsch Hubertus
Published: April 2017

Objective:

To compare injector-based contrast agent (CA) administration with hand injection in magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).

Methods:

Gadobutrol was administered in 6 minipigs with 3 protocols: (a) hand injection (one senior technician), (b) hand injection (6 less-experienced technicians), and (c) power injector administration. The arterial bolus shape was quantified by test bolus measurements. A head and neck MRA was performed for quantitative and qualitative comparison of signal enhancement.

Results:

A significantly shorter time to peak was observed for protocol C, whereas no significant differences between protocols were found for peak height and bolus width. However, for protocol C, these parameters showed a much lower variation. The MRA revealed a significantly higher signal-to-noise ratio for injector-based administration. A superimposed strong contrast of the jugular vein was found in 50% of the hand injections.

Conclusions:

Injector-based CA administration results in a more standardized bolus shape, a higher vascular contrast, and a more robust visualization of target vessels.
Cyclophosphamide improves engraftment in patients with SCD and severe organ damage who undergo haploidentical PBSCT
Authors: Fitzhugh Courtney D. , Hsieh Matthew M. , Taylor Tiffani , Coles Wynona , Roskom Katherine , Wilson Delon , Wright Elizabeth , Jeffries Neal , Gamper Christopher J. , Powell Jonathan , Luznik Leo , Tisdale John F.
Published: April 2017

Key Points

Patients with SCD and severe organ damage can tolerate nonmyeloablative conditioning with no transplant-related mortality. Posttransplant cyclophosphamide prevents severe GVHD, increases engraftment, and improves the success rate for haploidentical HSCT.
Factors controlling organic matter enrichment in the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation Shale on the eastern shelf margin of the Yangtze Block, China
Authors: Tang Xianglu , Jiang Zhenxue , Li Zhuo , Cheng Lijun , Zhang Ye , Sun Panke , Fan Chunyan
Published: April 2017

The degree of organic matter (OM) enrichment in shale determines its oil and gas potential. To understand the factors controlling this OM enrichment, we have used petrological and geochemical analyses to study the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation Shale in the eastern shelf margin of the Yangtze Block. Our results reveal that the total organic carbon (TOC) content of the Niutitang Formation Shale varies significantly throughout the vertical section. The lower part of the Niutitang Formation has a high TOC content, likely due to its formation in a dysoxic/anoxic environment with intense upwelling that favored OM enrichment. The middle part of the Niutitang Formation has the highest TOC content, which can be attributed to its formation in an environment with more hydrothermal activity, moderately upwelling, high paleosalinity, dysoxic/anoxic conditions, and moderately restricted water contents. Finally, the upper part of the Niutitang Formation records the lowest TOC contents because it likely formed in an oxic to dysoxic environment with weakly restricted hydrographic conditions that did not favor the preservation of OM. Therefore, these data demonstrate that the factors controlling OM enrichment in the Niutitang Formation Shale on the shelf margin include intense upwelling, greater amounts of hydrothermal activity, high paleosalinity, dysoxic/anoxic conditions, and moderately restricted water contents.
Perioperative Hepatic Arterial Infusion Pump Chemotherapy Is Associated With Longer Survival After Resection of Colorectal Liver Metastases: A Propensity Score Analysis
Authors: Groot Koerkamp Bas , Sadot Eran , Kemeny Nancy E. , Gönen Mithat , Leal Julie N. , Allen Peter J. , Cercek Andrea , DeMatteo Ronald P. , Kingham T. Peter , Jarnagin William R. , D’Angelica Michael I.
Published: April 2017

Purpose

To investigate whether perioperative hepatic arterial infusion pump chemotherapy (HAI) was associated with overall survival (OS) in patients who had a complete resection of colorectal liver metastases (CLM).

Methods

Patients who underwent a complete resection of CLM between 1992 and 2012 were included from a single-center prospectively maintained database. All patients who received HAI also received perioperative systemic chemotherapy. Propensity score analysis was used to match patients for seven known prognostic factors.

Results

A total of 2,368 consecutive patients underwent a complete resection of CLM, with a median follow-up of 55 months. The median OS for patients with HAI (n = 785) was 67 months versus 44 months without HAI (n = 1,583; P < .001), despite more advanced disease in the HAI group. OS at 10 years was 38.0% versus 23.8% without HAI. For patients who received modern systemic chemotherapy (n = 1,442), the median OS was 67 months with HAI and 47 months without HAI ( P < .001). The hazard ratio adjusted by propensity score demonstrated longer OS with HAI: 0.67 (95% CI, 0.59 to 0.76; P < .001). A pronounced difference in median OS was found for patients with node-negative colorectal cancer (129 months with HAI v 51 months without; P < .001) and a low clinical risk score of 0 to 2 points (89 months with HAI v 53 months without; P < .001).

Conclusion

Patients who received HAI had a median OS of approximately 2 years longer than patients without HAI. The strong association was independent of the use of modern systemic chemotherapy and remained in propensity score analysis. Patients with node-negative primary tumors or a low clinical risk score seemed to benefit most from HAI.
Catharine Macaulay's French Connections
Authors: Green Karen
Published: April 2017

While in prison, Jeanne-Marie Roland expressed the wish that she might have written a history that would have made her the Tacitus, or more modestly, the Catharine Macaulay of her country. It is clear that she had previously admired Macaulay's republican history of the Stuarts and the English Civil War. Jean-Paul Marat also appreciatively referred to this history, and hints such as these suggest that this work was quite well known in France before the Revolution, although a French translation was not published there until 1791-92. This paper provides an overview of Macaulay's influence in France, examines the origins of the translation of her history, and considers the way it was presented, during the crucial period of the Revolution when it appeared. I will offer new evidence for Macaulay's relationships with French radicals and aristocrats before the Revolution, and in particular, discuss letters relating to her acquaintance with the duc Louis-Alexandre de La Rochefoucault, the chevalier d'Eon, Guillaume-Joseph Saige, Jouges de Chaumont (who was Benjamin Franklin's French hostess), and relating to her friendship with Jacques-Pierre Brissot de Warville.
Seasonal and spatial variation of bacterial production and abundance in the northern Levantine Sea
Authors: YUCEL N.
Published: April 2017

Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in bacterial production and abundance in relation to ambient bio-physicochemical parameters has been investigated in the Levantine Sea. Five stations with different trophic states in an area extending from highly eutrophic Mersin bay to the mesotrophic Rhodes gyre area including the oligotrophic offshore waters were sampled four times. Integrated bacterial production varied between 6.1 and 90.3 µg C m-2 d-1 with higher rates occurring during September 2012 in offshore waters. Bacterial abundance ranged between 0.18 and 7.3 x 105 cells ml-1 within the euphotic zone and was generally higher up to 100 meters throughout the study period. In offshore waters, bacterial production (0.401 to 0.050 µg C m-3 d-1), abundance (4.5 to 1.6 x 105 cells ml-1) and depth of the productive layer decreased from 150 to 75 meters westward along the transect. Although the highest abundance was observed in July 2012 in offshore waters, the highest activity was measured in September 2012. These results indicated that the temperature played a key role in regulating bacterial abundance and production in the area. High chlorophyll concentrations in March did not correspond to high bacterial abundance and production at the same time. Increase in dissolved organic carbon content following spring phytoplankton bloom and the increase in temperature in the mean time might have enhanced the bacterial activity towards summer.
Recent advances in the management and understanding of macular degeneration
Authors: Bahadorani Sepehr , Singer Michael
Published: April 2017

Current management of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is directed at intravitreal injection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors for the treatment of wet AMD and supplementation with oral antioxidants for the treatment of dry AMD. In this article, we will review recent clinical trials for the treatment of dry and wet AMD.
Comprehensive Income: Components and IFRS Reporting
Authors: Шмарова  , Shmarova L.
Published: April 2017

This paper gives an overview of the international fi nancial reporting standards requirements for companies’ comprehensive income reporting, examines the existing approaches to the interpretation of the «comprehensive income» term, analyzes possible options of the comprehensive income reporting, as well as gives attention to discussions in relation to the possible reclassifi cation of other comprehensive income components to profi t or loss statement of a company.
Comprehensive Income: Components and IFRS Reporting
Authors: �������  , Shmarova L.
Published: April 2017

This paper gives an overview of the international fi nancial reporting standards requirements for companies� comprehensive income reporting, examines the existing approaches to the interpretation of the �comprehensive income� term, analyzes possible options of the comprehensive income reporting, as well as gives attention to discussions in relation to the possible reclassifi cation of other comprehensive income components to profi t or loss statement of a company.
Customer Acquisition via Display Advertising Using Multi-Armed Bandit Experiments
Authors: Schwartz Eric M. , Bradlow Eric T. , Fader Peter S.
Published: April 2017

Firms using online advertising regularly run experiments with multiple versions of their ads since they are uncertain about which ones are most effective. During a campaign, firms try to adapt to intermediate results of their tests, optimizing what they earn while learning about their ads. Yet how should they decide what percentage of impressions to allocate to each ad? This paper answers that question, resolving the well-known “learn-and-earn” trade-off using multi-armed bandit (MAB) methods. The online advertiser’s MAB problem, however, contains particular challenges, such as a hierarchical structure (ads within a website), attributes of actions (creative elements of an ad), and batched decisions (millions of impressions at a time), that are not fully accommodated by existing MAB methods. Our approach captures how the impact of observable ad attributes on ad effectiveness differs by website in unobserved ways, and our policy generates allocations of impressions that can be used in practice. We implemented this policy in a live field experiment delivering over 750 million ad impressions in an online display campaign with a large retail bank. Over the course of two months, our policy achieved an 8% improvement in the customer acquisition rate, relative to a control policy, without any additional costs to the bank. Beyond the actual experiment, we performed counterfactual simulations to evaluate a range of alternative model specifications and allocation rules in MAB policies. Finally, we show that customer acquisition would decrease by about 10% if the firm were to optimize click-through rates instead of conversion directly, a finding that has implications for understanding the marketing funnel.

Data is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2016.1023 .
Optimality and Complexity for Constrained Optimization Problems with Nonconvex Regularization
Authors: Bian Wei , Chen Xiaojun
Published: April 2017

In this paper, we consider a class of constrained optimization problems where the feasible set is a general closed convex set, and the objective function has a nonsmooth, nonconvex regularizer. Such a regularizer includes widely used SCAD, MCP, logistic, fraction, hard thresholding, and non-Lipschitz Lppenalties as special cases. Using the theory of the generalized directional derivative and the tangent cone, we derive a first order necessary optimality condition for local minimizers of the problem, and define the generalized stationary point of it. We show that the generalized stationary point is the Clarke stationary point when the objective function is Lipschitz continuous at this point, and satisfies the existing necessary optimality conditions when the objective function is not Lipschitz continuous at this point. Moreover, we prove the consistency between the generalized directional derivative and the limit of the classic directional derivatives associated with the smoothing function. Finally, we establish a lower bound property for every local minimizer and show that finding a global minimizer is strongly NP-hard when the objective function has a concave regularizer.
Newly qualified health visitor: Meeting the threshold
Authors: Rodger Ailsa
Published: April 2017

Many families are providing the best care possible while being faced with unimaginable challenges. It is at this time that it we can see the essential nature of community services, says Ailsa Rodger.
The practitioner–parent relationship: A psychoanalytic perspectives
Authors: Fernandez Sharon
Published: April 2017

Recent debates about NHS service delivery have placed a greater emphasis on the quality of care received by patients. This article will consider a key transformative element of care as applied to the health visitor role—that of reflective function. The very essence of health visiting practice is the relationship that develops between practitioner and parent; however, this may take time, regular home visits and skilful communication, with parents left feeling under-valued and misunderstood ( Cowley et al, 2013 ). It is this ‘therapeutic health visiting relationship’ I would argue is needed to enhance a mother's reflective function and her ability to see past her infant's behaviour towards the underlying feelings, facilitating her infant's secure attachment and healthy development.
Shaping the future: The CQC in 2017–18
Authors: Frankova Helena
Published: April 2017

What will the Care Quality Commission get up to this year and how will it affect primary care? Helena Frankova looks ahead to the anticipated deliverables in 2017–18
Travel consultations: Altitude sickness
Authors: Brewer Catherine
Published: April 2017

Catherine Brewer takes a look at the travel consultation for travel to high altitude, examining the effect altitude can have on the traveller and highlighting other health concerns that should be discussed with clients
The truth is out there … somewhere
Authors: Ainsworth Steve
Published: April 2017

Are you shocked, horrified and appalled by what can happen to medical records? It may be more widespread than you imagine, says Steve Ainsworth
Notes on complex hyperbolic triangle groups of type (m,n, ∞)
Authors: Sun Li-Jie
Published: April 2017

In this paper we investigate the discreteness of complex hyperbolic triangle groups of type (m, n, ∞). For the special casen= ∞, more explicit conclusions are given.
A new species of Oochoristica (Cyclophyllidea: Linstowiidae) from non-native Mediterranean geckos, Hemidactylus turcicus (Sauria: Gekkonidae), from Texas, USA
Authors: McAllister Chris T. , Bursey Charles R.
Published: April 2017

A new species of cyclophyllidean tapeworm,
Chemical Composition of the RS CVn-Type Star Lambda Andromedae
Authors: Tautvaišienė G. , Barisevičius G. , Berdyugina S. , Chorniy Y. , Ilyin I.
Published: April 2017

Photospheric parameters and chemical composition are determined for the single-lined chromospherically active RS CVn-type star λ And (HD 222107). From the high resolution spectra obtained on the Nordic Optical Telescope, abundances of 22 chemical elements and isotopes, including such key elements as
Learning from Visual Materials: A Psycho-Didactic Experiment
Authors: Svatoš Tomáš , Maněnová Martina
Published: April 2017

Introduction: The authors consider a book (as a pedagogical text) a traditional and timeless source of knowledge for many different groups of learners. It is a known fact that textbook authors, teachers, researchers, etc. generally pay more attention to the text part of the book than to its visual materials. However, the latter are just as important in understanding the subject matter and its applications as textual information on the topic.

Methods: The psycho-didactic experiment described in this paper aims to widen the findings about the perception and understanding of visual parts of textbooks for pupils in their first years of schooling. In the paper, a less-known research method based on eye-tracking is presented.

Results: The main results of the research are as follows: According to the findings of the authors, each pupil accepts and understands visual materials individually and this acceptance and understanding of visual materials is influenced by pupils’ personality traits. The research also shows that pupils prefer visual materials that depict reality as accurately as possible.

Conclusions: The research was designed as a case study which could be used for further research of a similar form.
The School Culture Heritage of the Reformation
Authors: Trencsényi László
Published: April 2017

On the occasion of the 500th anniversary of the Reformation, this essay analyses those educational innovations in the history of central European education that were introduced by the Church reform in the 16th century, following these modernizations and their further developments through the spreading of the universal school systems in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Drawing examples from the innovations in the college culture of the period, the author emphasises that those pedagogical values established in the 16th century are not only valid today, but are exemplary from the point of view of contemporary education. From these the author highlights: pupils’ autonomy (in the form of various communities), cooperation with the teachers and school management and the relative pluralism of values.
A new species of Holostrophus (Paraholostrophus) (Coleoptera: Tetratomidae) from central Honshu island, Japan
Authors: Saitȏ Masahiro , Konvička Ondřej
Published: April 2017

A new species, Holostrophus (Paraholostrophus) toyoshimai sp. nov., is described from central Honshu, Japan. The new species is most similar to Holostrophus (Paraholostrophus) orientalis Lewis, 1895, but differs from the latter in morphology of male genitalia and coloration of elytra.
A new record of Spergularia marina (Caryophyllaceae) from southern Poland
Authors: Pliszko Artur
Published: April 2017

Spergularia marina, a rare native halophyte and nationally vulnerable species, is reported from a new locality in southern Poland. It was found on 14 September 2016 in Mogilany, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, growing between paving stones at the Zakopianka road. Map of distribution of S. marina in Poland based on the ATPOL cartogram method is provided, and its possible pathways of introduction are discussed.
Philosophie als performative Lebensform – als textuelle Praxis und mehr als textuelle Praxis
Authors: Shusterman Richard
Published: April 2017

Although typically identified with discursive practices of writing and oral dialog that have long dominated its practice, philosophy has also asserted itself as something other and more than words; it claimed to be an entire way of life, an art of living dedicated to the pursuit of wisdom (as the word “philosophia” implies). After showing how discursive and non-discursive dimensions of ancient philosophy were designed to complement each other, this paper explains the reasons why even the basic philosophical task of self-knowledge requires discursive communicative tools. It then explores to what extent and in what ways philosophy can be practiced through non-linguistic means, by considering both Western and Asian sources.
Discovering subjectivity: A subjective world of meanings in the stories of the twilight of life
Authors: Zagórska Wanda
Published: April 2017

Pointing to the subjective nature of human life, theorists argue that only in a dialogue with another person does the human disclose meanings important to him or her. The interpretation and analysis of stories with regard to the included subjective meanings included in them as manifestations of human subjectivity seem to be the most effective when undertaken in the hermeneutic approach where psychology and philosophy meet. In the paper advantages of a self-narrative method based on the principles of hermeneutic psychology have been presented. This method has been applied to analyse the stories told by ten persons of senior age and obtained through a narrative interview. This analysis has served to verify the mentioned method, to recognise the respondents′ subjective world of meanings as well as to deepen the reflection on the subjective nature of human life. The exemplary analysis of two out of ten self-narratives obtained in the research have been presented in the article. Similarly to the theoretical reflection included in the text, the research results join the ongoing discussion in contemporary psychology over the legitimacy of the use of qualitative methods.
Brain Functional Asymmetry of Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): the Example of Auditory Laterality
Authors: Szymańska Justyna , Trojan Maciej , Jakucińska Anna , Wejchert Katarzyna , Kapusta Maciej , Sikorska Julia
Published: April 2017

The aim of this study was to verify whether chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) demonstrate an auditory laterality during the orientation reaction, and which hemisphere is responsible for processing the emotional stimuli and which for the species-specific vocalizations.

The study involved nine chimpanzees from the Warsaw Municipal Zoological Garden. They were tested individually in their bedrooms. Chimpanzees approached a tube filled with food, located in the centre of the cage. Randomly selected sounds were played from the speakers when the subject was focused on getting food. Individual reactions were observed and outcomes reported. The four types of sound used: thunderstorm, dog barking, chimpanzee vocalization and a zookeeper’s voice.

To test whether chimpanzees demonstrate auditory laterality we used a single sample X2 test. The existence of auditory laterality has been confirmed. The sound of the storm caused the orientation reaction to the left, while chimpanzee vocalization - to the right. On this basis we can conclude that among chimpanzees, arousing stimuli are being processed by the right hemisphere, and species-specific vocalizations by the left. However, the set of stimuli was limited so the study did not unequivocally resolve this issue.
Ideological Inconsistencies on the Left and Right as a Product of Coherence of Preferences for Values. The Case of Poland
Authors: Radkiewicz Piotr
Published: April 2017

The terms ‘left’ and ‘right’ cannot describe two extremes of a single ideological dimension. Instead, a bi-dimensional model including socio-cultural and socio-economic facets of leftism/rightism is postulated. Several studies conducted in the USA and Western Europe show a relative coherence of left-wing and right-wing orientation regarding both dimensions, whereas very diverse patterns can be found in the countries of Eastern Europe. In Poland cultural and economic leftism-rightism seem to be clearly negatively related. The general hypothesis in this paper claims that such ideological inconsistency is a product of coherence at the level of preferences for values, i.e. covariance within individualistic (Openness to change and Self-enhancement) as well as within collectivist values (Conservation and Self-transcendence). Based on a survey study (N = 750) conducted on a representative sample of Poles, it was shown that preferences for values made up two distinct dimensions: Openness to change vs Conservation, and Self-enhancement vs Self-transcendence. They are positively related but have fundamentally different relationships with political self-identification and ideology.
Trigonocephaly – Our Experience and Treatment in the Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Mircevsk Vladimir , Zogovska Elizabeta , Chaparoski Aleksandar , Micunovic Mile , Filipce Venko , Mirchevski Mirko Mishel , Kostov Milenko , Мicunovic Ljubica
Published: April 2017

Introduction: Prematurely fused metopic suture results in developmental anomaly named trigonocephaly. The treatment of trigonocephaly is a surgical reconstruction, starting from the simple suturectomy toward the complicated cranial vault reconstructions with aim to obtain enough endocranial space for normal development of the brain and aesthetic correction as well.

The aim: The aim of our paper is to present our experience on this pathology in the Republic of Macedonia, stressing the trigonocephaly as one of the rare forms of craniosynostosis.

Our material: During a period of 20 years (from 1996 to 2015) at the Pediatric department of the Clinic for Neurosurgery in Skopje, we observed 18 babies with trigonocephaly, including one with Carpenter syndrome and trigonocephaly, 14 males and 4 females. All children had simple trigonocephaly, one had syndromic trigonocephaly (Carpenter’s syndrome). According to Oi and Matsumoto classification done in 19865severe trigonocephaly is observed in 11 cases and, moderate trigonocephaly in 7 cases.

Our method: Our treatment consisted of slightly modified Di Rocco’s3surgical procedure named “shell” operation, adding transposition of the “bone flap”.

Results: The postoperative period was uneventful except for the expected forehead swelling. The babies were discharged from the hospital on average at the 8thpostoperative day. At the three months control after the surgery, the head had excellent aesthetic appearance, with regular psychomotor development according to the age of the patient (Fig 3а and 3b). We had no serious complications except the expected postoperative swelling of the forehead. All operated children had excellent “long term” aesthetic effect and normal psychomotor development.

Conclusion: The early recognition of these anomalies including all craniosynostoses, the deformities of the newborn and infant’s head and the preventive operative reconstruction would prevent abnormal disturbance of the psychomotor development during the child’s growth. The multidisciplinary approach can prevent new disabled individuals in the society. Our technique allows shortening the entire surgical procedure, especially in the departments where blood saving devices are not available.
Semiotics of visual evidence in law
Authors: Verenich Vadim
Published: April 2017

The evaluation of visual aspects of law has had a profound influence in the last decade in specific fields of legal sciences (i. e., criminology, studies of legal evidence), focusing on the extent to which visual evidence (visual patterns, images, diagrams, and symbols) underpin what and how we can perceive different types of legal evidence, and how the difference in perception affects the manipulation of visual evidence in practice. Taking the recent development in the field of legal evidence seriously, we could claim that the visual communication in law is above all a means of communicating and understanding different types of visual evidence. In general terms, visual exhibits (symbols, images, graphs, photographs, etc.) have the potential to convey more complex meanings and often represent concepts that are challenging to articulate explicitly in more conventional verbal forms of evidence, due to their complexity or lack of specificity. The purpose of this paper is to define the nature and properties of visual aids from a semiotic perspective Visual semiotics offers exceptionally thorough analytical tools for the detailed and nuanced study of visual legal evidence in the courts. In the final part of the paper we’ll illustrate the application of semiotic analysis for evaluating the rules of evidence in the Estonian legal system.
Objektive Bedeutungsstruktur und latente Sinnstruktur
Authors: Loer Thomas
Published: April 2017

Ein systematischer Unterschied zwischen der Rekonstruktion der Bedeutung derselben Äußerung an zwei verschiedenen Sequenzstellen gab Anlass, seine begriffliche Fassung zu erarbeiten. In der Objektiven Hermeneutik scheint mit der Gegenüberstellung von ‚objektiver Bedeutungsstruktur‘ und ‚latenter Sinnstruktur‘ ein terminologischer Vorschlag hierfür vorzuliegen. Dieser ruft jedoch aufgrund seiner Komplexität – er amalgamiert drei verschiedene Oppositionen – Irritationen hervor. Der Beitrag skizziert zunächst die Verwendung der von Ulrich Oevermann eingeführten Termini, sodann wird anhand einer materialen Analyse das Klärungsproblem herausgestellt; schließlich wird mit Bezug auf Freges Unterscheidung von Bedeutung und Sinn ein Vorschlag zur begrifflichen und terminologischen Fassung des Unterschieds gemacht. Der begriffliche Unterschied von (a) manifester und latenter Bedeutung, (b) objektiv regelkonstitutierter und subjektiv gemeinter Bedeutung und schließlich (c) objektiver Sinnstruktur einer Äußerung und ihrer umfassenden objektiven Bedeutungsstruktur kann ohne die Konfundierung in der titelgebenden Unterscheidung terminologisch gefasst werden.
Evaluation of the Functional Movement Screen and a Novel Basketball Mobility Test as an Injury Prediction Tool for Collegiate Basketball Players
Authors: Bond Colin W. , Dorman Jason C. , Odney Tryg O. , Roggenbuck Scott J. , Young Steven W. , Munce Thayne A.
Published: April 2017

Bond, CW, Dorman, JC, Odney, TO, Roggenbuck, SJ, Young, SW, and Munce, TA. Evaluation of the functional movement screen and a novel basketball mobility test as an injury prediction tool for collegiate basketball players. J Strength Cond Res 33(6): 1590–1601, 2019—Identifying injury risk and implementing preventive measures can assist in reducing injury occurrence and may ultimately improve athletic performance. Improper movement patterns often contribute to musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries. The validity of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) as an injury prediction tool for athletes remains unclear. We designed the Basketball-Specific Mobility Test (BMT) to represent the neuromuscular demands of basketball and identify deficiencies that may be indicative of greater MSK injury risk while playing this sport. The aim of this study was to examine the association of FMS and BMT scores with injury occurrence in collegiate basketball players. We hypothesized that the BMT would be a better predictor of injury risk than the FMS, and that scores from both tests would have a higher association with severe MSK injuries than minor, non-MSK injuries. One-hundred nineteen male and female collegiate basketball players from 4 Upper Midwest universities were assessed preseason (PRE) and postseason (POST) using the FMS and BMT. In-season injury records were collected from the schools' athletic trainers and were classified by type and severity. During the season, 56 of 119 players were injured, resulting in 96 total injuries. Injured athletes' PRE FMS scores demonstrated negligible effects compared with uninjured athletes' PRE scores (d < 0.20), whereas some BMT scores showed potentially meaningful effects (d > 0.20). Although specificity of the FMS and BMT to predict injury was relatively high (FMS 85.7–87.6; BMT 42.0–88.0), sensitivity (FMS 14.2–22.7; BMT 11.6–39.1), odds ratios (FMS 1.00–2.08; BMT 0.47–1.06), and injury prediction capacities (area under the curve; FMS 0.43–0.49; BMT 0.49–0.59) of the tests were low. Although the FMS and BMT may be suitable for identifying MSK deficiencies, they do not accurately determine injury risk in collegiate basketball players. Injury risk assessments may be improved by targeting specific injury mechanisms and the conditions in which they occur.
Відтворювальна здатність і структурно-функціональний стан матки щурів, які споживали корми з 20% вмістом ГМ-сої
Authors: Kotsjumbas G. , Samsonjuk I. , Shkilj M.
Published: April 2017

The article presents the dynamics of changes in female fertility of I, II and III generations of rats and morph functional state of rats uterus of I generation, which were fed with feed containing 20% traditional and genetically modified soy. Received three generations of rats that consumed feed containing 20% of GM and traditional soybeans. It was received generation of rats that consumed feed containing 20% of GM and traditional soybeans. The reproductive ability was evaluated by the fertility of animals. On 135 day of life 5 rat females from each group (60 days after birth) were taken out of the experiment through ether anesthesia, were decapitated, the uterus were taken for histological and histochemical research, which were fixed in 10% solution of neutral formalin, Karnua liquid, followed by pouring into paraffin. It was produced histoslices, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, by McManus combined with altsianic blue.It was established that long-term feeding of feed containing 20% GM soya negatively affected the 1 generation of animals, as expressed lowering of reproductive capacity of female rats and tendentious decrease in the number of heads of newborns in the young rat nests. In the next two generations of female rats of II and III groups probable differences in the investigated indices were not found which is probably due to the inclusion of adaptive compensatory mechanisms to change feeding ration.For histological examination of the rats uterus of the I generation, who consumed feed containing 20% soybean was set to reduce the secretion of glycans replacement, which has reduced barrier protection, damage of epithelial cells, development of atrophic processes in the myometrium and endometrium, cyst like extension of one uterine glands and vacuolic epithelial dystrophy of others, lymphoid-histiocytic infiltration of the lamina propria of the endometrium, indicating that the decline in morphological functional state of the uterus.
Епізоотологічний моніторинг бабезійної інвазії серед собак у Полтаві
Authors: Моkryi Yu.О. , Кsyonz І.М.
Published: April 2017

Babesiosis of dogs is a blood infestation disease caused by protozoa of Babesia genus. There are several causative agents of the disease, but in most cases, the etiological factor of dogs’ disease is Babesia canis. The disease is transmitted by ticks of Dermacentor and Ixodes genera. Pathogen is transmitted from the tick to the dog in the process of the tick’s eating the dog’s blood. The aim of the research was to study babesiosis epizootology of dogs in Poltava. As a result of epizootology monitoring of babesiosis for the 9-years period (2007 to 2016), seasonality was established, gender, age and pedigree dependency of incidence in dogs was defined. Statistic data of Poltava veterinary medicine institutions served as the study material. Diagnosis of babesiosis was determined based on the disease history, peculiar clinical symptoms and results of microscopic detection of Babesia in blood smears prepared from peripheral blood (ear vein) and Romanowsky-Hiemsa stained. Dog blood smear study was performed under the immersion system of 90 × 10 power light microscope. For the above mentioned period, 7866 cases of babesiosis in dogs have been recorded. Analysis of the data obtained shows that the said infestation has been recorded throughout the year, with winter cases being sporadic and their significant reduction being observed in hot summer months. In general, the distinct seasonal dynamics was defined with the two peak periods: April and September-October. Among the diseased dogs, males overwhelm females by 20%. The most susceptible to the disease are dogs aged from 2 to 3 years (11.1–16%), less – animals of 5–8 years of age (6.2–7.5%) and the least number of cases is recorded in dogs from 8 to 18 years of age (0.1–4.4%), i.e. a steady tendency is traced of susceptibility to babesiosis reducing with age. Concerning the breed ratio, the most susceptible are mongrel dogs (20.9%), German Shepherds (13.9%) and Rottweilers (7.5%). The prospect of further research is creation of the preventive measures strategy to minimize the incidence of babesiosis in dogs, on the basis of the obtained epizootic monitoring data. Finally, the 9-years study results present a scientific interest for parasitologists in human and veterinary medicine.
Вплив пробіотика та фітобіотика на показники Т- і В-клітинного імунітету відлучених поросят за гастроентериту незаразної етіології
Authors: Lukashchuk B.O.
Published: April 2017

In the use of colostral protective factors and insufficient activity of piglets immune system, against the background of immunodeficiency after weaning from sows developing diseases, often caused by conditionally-pathogenic or pathogenic microorganisms, including non-contagious gastroenteritis. The article presents analyzes of T- and B-cell immunity parameters in weaned piglets with non-contagious gastroenteritis and after their treatment with probiotic TOYOCERIN 10⁹ and phytobiotic EXTRACT™ 6930 as part of the basic diet in combination with antibiotic (10 % solution of enrofloxacin hydrochloride) in the modern pig farm. It was established that in piglets after weaning with non-contagious gastroenteritis decreased of T- and B-cell immunity parameters. In particular, in blood decreased number of total and active T-lymphocytes, T-helpers and T-suppressors also decreased number of B-lymphocytes, which may indicate the development in these immunodeficient condition. It was established positive effect of probiotic and phytobiotic in combination with antibiotic on T-cell immunity of pigs, as indicated by the increased number of total T-lymphocytes in blood to the clinical healthy animals level. A similar tendency was observed in the number of T-helper cells, their number was higher in groups of weaned piglets which added probiotic TOYOCERIN 10⁹ and phytobiotic EXTRACT™ 6930. As to the immunoregulatory index, which is a quantitative ratio of T-helper to T-suppressor, there was no significant alteration of values in control and experimental groups of pigs. It was established positive effect of probiotic and phytobiotic in humoral immunity of piglets by increasing number of B-lymphocytes to the level of clinical healthy animals which indicate increased body ability to the active synthesis of protective antibodies. The use of probiotic TOYOCERIN 10⁹ and phytobiotic EXTRACT™ 6930 for weaned piglets with non-contagious gastroenteritis normalized number of T- and B-lymphocytes, which are the leading immunocompetent blood cells that characterize the level of animal body defense and condition of specific immunity. Perspectives for further research will be directed at determining the therapeutic effectiveness of probiotic TOYOCERIN 10⁹ and phytobiotic EXTRACT™ 6930 for weaned piglets with non-contagious gastroenteritis.
Risco de exposição à sobrecarga térmica para trabalhadores da cultura de cana-de-açúcar no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Roscani Rodrigo Cauduro , Bitencourt Daniel Pires , Maia Paulo Alves , Ruas Alvaro Cesar
Published: April 2017

Resumo: O calor ambiental é um agravante às atividades dos trabalhadores da cultura de cana-de-açúcar, sendo o corte manual uma das atividades pesadas que favorece a elevada geração de calor metabólico. Isso associado com outras condições precárias de trabalho favorece o estresse térmico, podendo provocar graves doenças ou até levar à morte. O objetivo deste estudo é quantificar o risco de sobrecarga térmica que os cortadores de cana-de-açúcar de São Paulo, Brasil, são expostos. Por meio de metodologia específica, foram utilizados quatro anos de dados para estimar o Índice de Bulbo Úmido - Termômetro de Globo sob a consideração das atividades leve, moderada e pesada. Os resultados mostram extrapolação do limite legal de exposição para atividade contínua em períodos de 1 a 8 horas, o que requer medidas de controle para continuidade do trabalho. A principal constatação é a observância do risco de sobrecarga térmica para os três tipos de atividade: leve, moderada e pesada. Os limites de tolerância são ultrapassados durante todo o turno de trabalho em cerca de 7% dos dias, para atividade pesada, e em cerca de 3%, para atividade moderada. Além disso, percebeu-se que as áreas com maior risco de sobrecarga térmica são as mesmas onde há predominância da cultura de cana-de-açúcar.
Obstáculos políticos à regionalização do SUS: percepções dos secretários municipais de Saúde com assento nas Comissões Intergestores Bipartites
Authors: Moreira Marcelo Rasga , Ribeiro José Mendes , Ouverney Assis Mafort
Published: April 2017

Resumo O artigo tem como objetivo identificar e analisar os obstáculos políticos à implementação do Contrato Organizativo da Ação Pública (COAP) a partir das percepções dos secretários municipais de saúde das Comissões Intergestores Bipartites (CIB). Para isso, foram entrevistados, de outubro de 2015 a agosto de 2016, 195 secretários (92% do total). A partir da abordagem da ‘análise de políticas’, os principais obstáculos identificados foram, em síntese: um obstáculo tradicional (a falta de recursos), um que vem ganhando força nos últimos anos (a judicialização da política) e outro, talvez inédito: o sistema político-partidário e o Poder Executivo Estadual são os grandes ausentes nas coalizões de apoio às políticas de regionalização do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Conclui-se que tais obstáculos indicam um cenário extremamente negativo para a implementação do COAP e de outras políticas que busquem a regionalização do SUS. Diante disto, cabe aos envolvidos refletir, negociar, construir consenso em torno da melhoria da saúde da população e superar tais obstáculos caso, logicamente, desposem da concepção dos autores de que a regionalização é fundamental para o SUS.
Governança regional no Sistema Único de Saúde: um ensaio conceitual
Authors: Ribeiro Patrícia Tavares , Tanaka Oswaldo Yoshimi , Denis Jean-Louis
Published: April 2017

Resumo O artigo consiste de ensaio conceitual orientado a subsidiar análises dos processos de regionalização implementados no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde, sob a ótica da governança regional. Para isso, realiza revisão bibliográfica de literatura das ciências sociais, da administração pública e da geografia crítica que aborda os conceitos de governança, governança territorial e governança regional no debate sobre o desenvolvimento. No diálogo com os aportes trazidos por estas contribuições para a análise da regulação e implementação recentes da regionalização setorial no país, com especial referência à implantação do Contrato Organizativo da Ação Pública nas regiões de saúde, conclui que a produção científica que vem analisando soluções de governança como forma moderna de articulação de políticas públicas oportuniza a construção de metodologias e uma reflexão crítica sobre os processos nacionais relevantes para formulações futuras setoriais, ensejando uma nova etapa de aprimoramento do SUS.
Financiamento, descentralização e regionalização: transferências federais e as redes de atenção em Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Moreira Laura Monteiro de Castro , Ferré Felipe , Andrade Eli Iola Gurgel
Published: April 2017

Resumo A Portaria 4279/10 e o Decreto 7508/11 normatizaram o funcionamento político-institucional do sistema, com impactos no financiamento da Média e Alta Complexidade Hospitalar e Ambulatorial (MAC). Para verificar as consequências das diretrizes na consolidação das redes de atenção em Minas Gerais, realizou-se estudo analítico-descritivo do custeio federal do Bloco MAC nos anos de 2006 a 2014. Observa-se descentralização de responsabilidades, aporte de recursos e novos critérios de financiamento, com expansão do modelo de rede. Os repasses de recursos pré-definidos pelo governo federal sugerem redução a autonomia e limitação de soluções loco-regionais.
Work accidents and self-esteem of nursing professional in hospital settings
Authors: Santos Sérgio Valverde Marques dos , Macedo Flávia Ribeiro Martins , Silva Luiz Almeida da , Resck Zelia Marilda Rodrigues , Nogueira Denismar Alves , Terra Fábio de Souza
Published: April 2017

Abstract Objective: to analyze the occurrence of work accidents and the self-esteem of nurses in hospitals of a municipality of Minas Gerais. Method: descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study developed with 393 nursing professionals from three hospitals of a municipality in southern Minas Gerais. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and a questionnaire to characterize the population and work accidents were used for data collection. Data analysis was performed using Person's chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, Cronbach's alpha, odds ratio and logistic regression. Results: of the professionals studied, 15% had suffered an accident at work and 70.2% presented high self-esteem. Through the analysis, it was observed that smoking, religious belief and an outstanding event in the career were significantly associated with work accidents. In relation to self-esteem, family income, length of time working in the profession and an outstanding event in the career presented significant associations. Conclusion: factors such as smoking, religious belief, family income, length of time working in the profession and an outstanding event in the career can cause professionals to have accidents and/or cause changes in self-esteem, which can compromise their physical and mental health and their quality of life and work.