bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entre la poesía y la anécdota: la guaracha cubana como texto popular
Authors: Chouciño Fernández Ana
Published: November 2017

Este artículo presenta un estudio prospectivo de la guaracha cubana. Examina las letras de una serie de canciones con el fin de describirlas como una producción híbrida entre la poesía y un anecdotario trivial del vivir cotidiano. Su principal objeto es describir y analizar las características formales, temáticas y performativas de la guaracha como género popular, al tiempo que se señala su potencial creativo y su desarrollo histórico desde la escena teatral hasta su éxito comercial. También se enfatiza el papel del choteo —la actitud humorística caribeña— en el potencial de estas canciones para manejar tensiones y frustraciones colectivas. Palabras clave: guaracha, canción popular, literatura y humor, hibridación.   This paper presents a prospective study on Cuban guaracha. It examines the lyrics of a series of songs in order to stablish it as hybrid productions between poetry and everyday, trivial anecdote. Its main concern is to describe and analyze the guaracha´s formal, thematic and performative features as a popular genre, while pointing at its linguistic creativity and historical development from scene to commercial success. It also emphasizes the role of choteo (a caribbean humoristic attitude) in these songs´s potential to deal with colective tensions and frustrations.Keywords: guaracha, popular song, literature and humour, hybridity.
La escritura como palimpsesto (una forma de la logofagia)
Authors: Blesa Túa
Published: November 2017

La escritura literaria contemporánea se manifiesta en ocasiones según el modelo del palimpsesto. La producción de palimpsestos no es algo que pertenezca al pasado, sino que está todavía vigente y se pueden leer algunos textos conviviendo en un soporte único, por lo que se debe hablar de palimpsesto en su sentido más recto. Los palimpsestos contemporáneos son una exhibición de la interrelación de unos textos con otros, de la dependencia mutua, de que todo texto es tan sólo un punto en una red inmensa, inabarcable en último término, de palabras. Por otra parte, estos dobles textos son manifestaciones de la inscripción del silencio en la escritura, figuras de la logofagia. Todo ello, como puede suponerse, tiene inmediatas y no leves consecuencias sobre la lectura de estos textos, entre los que destacan los que se analizan en este artículo, de Leopoldo María Panero, Jesús Munárriz, Guido Savio y Jenaro Talens.   Contemporary literary writing occasionally follows the model of the palimpsest. Palimpsests production doesn’t belong only to the past, but it is still valid and some texts can be read coexisting in a single support, so palimpsest should be discussed in its most straight sense. The contemporary palimpsest is a display of the interrelation of texts with others, of their mutual dependence, the demonstration that any text is merely a dot on a vast network, ultimately incomprehensible, of words. Moreover, these double texts are manifestations of the inscription of silence in the writing, figures of the logophagy. All this, as it might be expected, has immediate and not light consequences for the reading of these texts, among which are those discussed in this article, by Leopoldo María Panero, Jesus Munárriz, Guido Savio and Jenaro Talens.
El papel de la enfermedad de amor en la "Tragicomedia de Calisto y Melibea"
Authors: Šabec Maja
Published: November 2017

El presente artículo se centra en la posibilidad de emplazar el desenlace trágico en la Tragicomedia de Calisto y Melibea dentro de la perspectiva médica de la época, que incluía el amor entre las demás enfermedades sicosomáticas. La demostración del desarrollo del amor hereos de Calisto, abarcando las causas, los síntomas, los tratamientos terapéuticos y las consecuencias de una medicación errónea y fracasada se basa en los tratados médicos medievales, sobre todo en el Lilium medicinae de Bernardo de Gordonio y El Sumario de medicina de Francisco Villalobos, que reúnen el saber médico tanto de la antigüedad como de la tradición árabe. Se revela que las características del amor hereos concuerdan de un modo sorprendente con la función y el discurso del amante cortés en la literatura del siglo XV: en ambos casos los «héroes» pertenecen a la clase noble, se enamoran a través de la mirada, idealizan a la mujer amada, languidecen, y los dos pueden acabar muriendo por el anhelo no realizado de la unión (sexual) con la mujer amada. En la obra examinada destaca además la figura de la vieja medianera que, sin embargo, tiene otra función que las sabias viejas de los manuales médicos. Palabras clave: La Celestina, medicina medieval, amor hereos, amor cortés.  This article focuses on the possibility of explaining the story’s tragic resolution from the viewpoint of medicine that included love in the rest of the psicosomatic illnesses. The heroe is supposed to succumb to the amor hereos which is supposed to be the main cause of his death. The description od Calisto’s illness, including the causes, symptoms, methods of treatment, and the consequences of unsuccessful treatment, relies upon medieval medical works, especially Lilium medicinae, by Bernardo Gordonio and El Sumario de medicina by Rojas’ contemporary Francisco López de Villalobos; this works combine medical knowledge from Classical Antiquity and Arabic tradition. Within the context of La Celestina, the role of the procuress, also mentioned in these medical manuals, is especially important. Keywords: La Celestina, medieval medicine, lovesickness, courtly love
Livestock-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among human MRSA isolates, European Union/European Economic Area countries, 2013
Authors: Kinross Pete , Petersen Andreas , Skov Robert , Van Hauwermeiren Evelyn , Pantosti Annalisa , Laurent Frédéric , Voss Andreas , Kluytmans Jan , Struelens Marc J , Heuer Ole , Monnet Dominique L ,   the European human LA-MRSA study group
Published: November 2017

Currently, surveillance of livestock-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) in humans in Europe is not systematic but mainly event-based. In September 2014, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) initiated a questionnaire to collect data on the number of LA-MRSA from human samples (one isolate per patient) from national/regional reference laboratories in European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries in 2013. Identification of LA-MRSA as clonal complex (CC) 398 by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was preferred, although surrogate methods such as spa-typing were also accepted. The questionnaire was returned by 28 laboratories in 27 EU/EEA countries. Overall, LA-MRSA represented 3.9% of 13,756 typed MRSA human isolates, but it represented ≥ 10% in five countries (Belgium, Denmark, Spain, the Netherlands and Slovenia). Seven of the reference laboratories did not type MRSA isolates in 2013. To monitor the dispersion of LA-MRSA and facilitate targeted control measures, we advocate periodic systematic surveys or integrated multi-sectorial surveillance.
Transmission dynamics of the ongoing chikungunya outbreak in Central Italy: from coastal areas to the metropolitan city of Rome, summer 2017
Authors: Manica Mattia , Guzzetta Giorgio , Poletti Piero , Filipponi Federico , Solimini Angelo , Caputo Beniamino , della Torre Alessandra , Rosà Roberto , Merler Stefano
Published: November 2017

A large chikungunya outbreak is ongoing in Italy, with a main cluster in the Anzio coastal municipality. With preliminary epidemiological data, and a transmission model using mosquito abundance and biting rates, we estimated the basic reproduction number R0 at 2.07 (95% credible interval: 1.47–2.59) and the first case importation between 21 May and 18 June 2017. Outbreak risk was higher in coastal/rural sites than urban ones. Novel transmission foci could occur up to mid-November.
Intercultural education technology of students in extracurricular with music
Authors: Wei Zheyuan ,   National Pedagogical Dragomanov University
Published: November 2017

In the article the intercultural education technology of students in extracurricular work by means of music; the essence and basic features of music and educational technology; examples of educational music-teaching technologies; described the stages of implementation of educational technology. The author analysis the basic principles of intercultural education content selection means music students in extracurricular work formulated and substantiated the content of education students, which includes two parts: theoretical and practical.
The content of the theoretical unit aimed at fostering cultural values and tolerance towards university students to general and music culture of Western Europe (Germany, Austria, Italy, France) and Far East (Mongolia, China, Korea, Japan) based on mastering their theoretical knowledge and skills to identify specific ethnic and typological features musical culture of these countries; musical styles and genres, and features folk and spiritual music, classics, works by contemporary composers each country.

Practical unit content of intercultural education of students by means of music in classroom work aimed at fostering intercultural communication skills, identifying specific in the musical culture of different nations, tolerance towards musical culture of other countries during the learning of theoretical material.
Management of institution of secondary education on the basis of leadership paradigm
Authors: Lynov Konstantin ,   Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University
Published: November 2017

The author states that during the last century understanding of the phenomenon of leadership has changed rapidly, appearing new meanings and approaches. Those theories that arose identified leadership with the personality of the leader, or with social process. It is noted that in recent decades, scientists engaged in trying to integrate the two approaches, especially in education, where manifestation of leadership required providing both from the principal and from the teacher, the student, where it contributes the specificity of institution of secondary education. It is emphasized that social transformations generate the need for new management paradigm that is associated with changes both in educational institutions and in society in general. The object of transformation is not just an employee but a creative person with his needs in self-expression, self-realization, considering its interests and points of view. Leadership creates overall team culture in educational institutions on the basis of jointly produced vision and shared values. Just in triangle «leader – followers – management process» actualized need in leadership skills, competencies and behaviours develop- ment not only leader but followers too, and team interaction at school. Necessary changes in institution of secondary education based on personal, human and professional values. Based on this values head-leader begins the process of creation of the Concept of institution of secondary education, which is a powerful tool in the work of school staff, aimed at determining the idea of an educational institution, its understanding of the place in society. The author offers his own point of view on the management of school which is implemented on the basis of leadership and distinguishes success criteria for institution of secondary education activity and for its leader. Key words: institution of secondary education; leader; leadership.
Formation of the state education policy: synergetic aspect
Authors: Batechko Nina ,   Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University
Published: November 2017

The article is dedicated to the problems of formation of the state education policy. The trends of the evolution of views on the nature and the concept of the «state education policy» in the light of the processes of educational reform in Ukraine have been outlined. It has been proved that in the current context of globalization and internationalization, when education acquires the traits of openness and non-linearity, the principles of educational environment management and the nature of the interaction between participants of the educational process are changing, and there is an urgent need to overcome the simplistic and outdated view of the state education policy. Based on the synergetic theory of the complex open systems, there have been substantiated theoretical and methodological grounds of the process of formation of the state education policy. The essence of the application of the synergetic approach to the studied phenom enon has been considered, relying on the basic laws of synergy, openness, non-linearity, disequilibrium, chaos postulating, bifurcational states, fluctuation phenomena and the theory of selforganization. The state education policy has been considered as an open, non-linear system, which is self-organizing and self-developing and depends on the external environment and internal specifics of the development of higher education sphere in Ukraine.
Transformative potential of the classical model of university
Authors: Kremen Vasyl ,   National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine
Published: November 2017

The paper by Vasyl Kremen «Transformative Potential of the Classical Model of University» is devoted to the prob- lem of the main challenges to university education in the ХХІ century. One of such challenges is innovative character of contemporary civilization and its high level of scientific and technological development. Research university is a kind of response to such challenge. Other important challenge is commercialization of university life in the context of globaliza- tion. Entrepreneurial and corporate universities could be regarded as a response to such challenge.
Conocimientos y prácticas sobre bioseguridad en odontólogos de los centros de salud de Latacunga
Authors: Álvarez Barahona Fernando Martín , Juna Juca Christian Fernando
Published: November 2017

Introducción: La atención odontológica requiere el cumplimiento de todas las normas referentes a bioseguridad, por lo cual, tanto el profesional como el paciente requieren estar protegidos ante cualquier riesgo de infección.Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de conocimientos y manejo de normas de bioseguridad en el personal de odontología que labora en los centros de salud de Latacunga.Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico de corte transversal que se complementó con variables cualitativas sobre los conocimientos y el cumplimiento de las normas de bioseguridad, por los odontólogos de los centros de salud de la Dirección Distrital de Salud 05D01, en Latacunga, Ecuador. El periodo de estudio fue de marzo a mayo del año 2016, con universo de 29 profesionales de odontología, no se seleccionó muestra. Se emplearon dos instrumentos, una encuesta y una lista de chequeo sobre universalidad, el uso de barreras y la eliminación de deshechos en la atención de odontología.Resultados: El conocimiento sobre normas de bioseguridad fue directamente proporcional a la práctica, excepto en la relación entre el uso adecuado del mandil y el conocimiento de los principios fundamentales de bioseguridad, (X2 = 4.18 p = 0.041).Conclusiones: Los conocimientos sobre bioseguridad fueron directamente proporcional a la práctica, pues en su mayoría los profesionales que conocían la teoría también la practicaban. Referente al uso del mandil y los principios fundamentales de bioseguridad, quedó demostrado el conocimiento de la teoría asociado a una práctica deficiente.
PENGARUH CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PADA HUBUNGAN ANTARA STRUKTUR MODAL DAN NILAI
Authors: Samanto Hadi
Published: November 2017

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk fokus pada topik yang terkenal dalam literatur keuangan: hubungan antara struktur modal dan nilai perusahaan. hasil empiris yang kontroversial mengenai topik ini dapat dikaitkan dengan Variable kurangnya perhatian terhadap interaksi antara struktur permodalan dan tata kelola perusahaan lain. Bahkan, struktur modal corporate governance merupakan perangkat yang dapat melestarikan efesiensi perusahaan dan melindungi kemampuannya untuk menciptakan nilai.
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI DAN INDEPENDENSI TERHADAP KUALITAS AUDIT DENGAN ETIKA AUDITOR SEBAGAI VARIABEL PEMODERASI PADA BAWASDA PEMERINTAH DAERAH DI EX-KARESIDENAN SURAKARTA PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Wicaksono Monot
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this research to know: 1) the effect on audit quality Bawasdacompetence, 2) the effect of competence on audit quality are moderated Bawasdaauditor ethics, 3) the effect of independence on audit quality Bawasda and 4) the effectof independence on audit quality are moderated Bawasda ethics auditors.The population in the study of all members Bawasda as internal audit thatconsists of 84 auditors in 7 (seven) districts in the territory of the Ex-Resident ofSurakarta, Central Java Province, the Municipality of Surakarta, Karanganyar district,Sragen, Wonogiri, Boyolali, Sukoharjo and Klaten, each numbered 12. Quota samplingrandom sampling of 70 respondents. To test the hypothesis used Regression Analysiswas with moderation.Results showed: 1) competence has a positive and significant impact on auditquality Bawasda, 2) moderate the influence of auditors' ethical competence of positiveand significant impact on audit quality Bawasda, 3) independence has a positive andsignificant impact on audit quality Bawasda 4) moderate the ethics of auditors influencethe independence of positive and significant impact on audit quality Bawasda as InternalAuditor at the Local Government Ex-Surakarta, Central Java Province.Keywords : Competence, Independence, Audit Quality, Ethics Auditor, Internal Auditor, Bawasda.
PENGARUH PERILAKU KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL TERHADAP PENILAIAN KINERJA DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF LEARNING AND GROWTH DALAM BALANCED SCORECARD DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH KARANGANYAR
Authors: Dewi Maya Widyana
Published: November 2017

Maya Widyana Dewi, 2014. The Influence of Transformational Leadership To Valuation Observed From Learning And Growth Perspective of Balance Scorecard In Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Karanganyar. The research was carried in order to know the influence behavior of transformational leadership that consist of Idealized Influence, Inspirational Motivation, Intellectual Stimulation and Individualized Consideration, in a partial (dimentional) or simultant (all of it) to valuation measurement that is observed from learning and growth perspective of balanced scorecard in RSUD Karanganyar. This research was carried out using survey method, is a research that takes a sample from a population and using questioner as an instrument with judgmental sampling. The sample is 112 fixed employee in RSUD Karanganyar, medic and non medic employee. While the result of the analysis shows, in a partial manner, transformational leadership that has the shape of inspirational motivation and individualized consideration have significant influence to valuation observed from learning and growth perspective, whereas idealized influence and intellectual stimulation have not. A simultant manner, idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration have powerful influence to valuation observed from learning and growth perspective in Balanced Scorecard.Key word : balanced scorecard, kepemimpinan, kinerja, learning and growth
PENGARUH LABA AKUNTANSI DAN ARUS KAS TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM PERUSAHAAN YANG LISTING DI BEI
Authors: Endang Masitoh W. Sri Purwanti, Yul Chomsatu,
Published: November 2017

This study aimed to examine the effect of accounting earnings and cash flow to  stock returns companies listed on the Stock Exchange . This study used a sample of 44 companies. Samples were selected based on purposive sampling technique. Data used is secondary data. Analysis of the data using the classical assumption test and multiple linear regression analysis. Variables used in this study is the accounting profit , operating cash flow , cash flow financing , and cash flows of the investment as an independent variable. Stock return as the dependent variable. The results show that accounting earnings and cash flow simultaneously significant effect on stock returns. Accounting profit significantly influence stock returns. Operating cash flow does not have a significant effect on stock returns . Financing cash flows have a significant effect on stock returns. Investment cash flow does not have a significant effect on stock returns. Keywords : Earnings, Cash, Stock Return
Histopathological Analysis of Neoplastic and Non-Neoplastic Lesions of Ovary : A 4 Year Study in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Singh Mrinalini , Jha KK , Kafle SU , Rana R , Gautam P
Published: November 2017

IntroductionOvarian neoplastic and nontineoplastic lesions form a pelvic mass and cause gynaecological problems. Therefore, proper recognization and classification is important for appropriate therapy.ObjectiveTo study the morphological patiern and classify the neoplastic and nontineoplastic ovarian lesions in terms of age and size.MethodologyA retrospective study conducted at Sriram Diagnostic Clinic, Biratnagar, Nepal and Birat Medical College, Tankisinwari, Morang, Nepal during a period of March 2012 to February 2016. All abdominal hysterectomy specimens with bilateral or unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and all ovarian surgeries presenting with either solid or cystic ovarian lesions were included in the study for histopathological analysis. Normal appearing ovaries on gross and microscopic examination were excluded from the study.ResultsA total of 522 cases were studied. Out of which 329 (63%) were non-neoplastic and 193 (37%) were neoplastic. Follicular cysts comprised of 112 (34%) cases, and it was the most common non neoplastic lesion. The age of patients with non-neoplastic lesions and neoplastic lesions varied from 16-54 years and 13-72 years respectively. Size of nonneoplastic and neoplastic lesions varied from 2-12 cm and 2- 19 cm respectively. Among the 193 neoplastic ovarian lesions, 181 (94 %) were benign, as well as 4 (2%) were borderline and 8 (4 %) were malignant. Mature cystic teratoma was the commonest benign tumor followed by Serous cystadenoma. Serous cystadenocarcinoma was the commonest occurring malignant tumor followed by Mucinouscystadenocarcinoma.ConclusionVarying types of both non neoplastic and neoplastic ovarian lesion were seen. Among the non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesion, the most commonly encountered lesion was follicular cyst and mature cystic teratoma respectively.Birat Journal of Health SciencesVol.2/No.1/Issue 2/ Jan - April 2017, Page: 168-174
Clinico-Epidemiological Profile, Health Care Utilization and Practices Regarding Snake Bite at Ilam District of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Parajuli Surya B , Bhattarai S , Paudel IS , Pokharel P K , Rayamajhi R B , KC Heera
Published: November 2017

IntroductionSnake bite is neglected problem of the rural agrarian society of the world. Nepal is one of the vulnerable countries of snakebite. The utilization of health care services and practices regarding snake bite is not known.ObjectiveThis objective of the study was to explore clinicoepidemiological profile, health care utilization and practices regarding snake bite at Ilam District of eastern Nepal.MethodologyThis was a cross-sectional study and conducted from th th 25 March to 25 May 2013 using a systematic random sampling of 300 people from communities of Ilam district. The data was collected after receiving informed consent. The collected data was entered into Microsoft excel and analysed by using SPSS.ResultsThe majority (76.7%) of the respondents had seen snakes in their locality. The major snake noticed was mountain pit viper (Ovophis monticola)- Grube (94.8%). Among respondents, 5.3% had a history of snake bite which was predominant among productive age of 15-39 years. The most common bitten part of the body was leg (56.3%). There was no any serious injuries and death. Treatment was done by different modalities such as by using local antidote (31.3%) at the bite site and by soap-clean water (25%). Sixty-nine percent of the snake bite victims utilized modern health care system. Charali snake bite management center, Jhapa was the major treatment center. Seven out of 10 had knowledge of using a tourniquet. After full recovery from a snake bite, 1 out of 5 had avoided milk due to their false belief.ConclusionActive age group was more victimized. The commonest bitten part was a leg. The knowledge of first aid of snake bite was not adequate and many were unaware of post snake bite practices. Reassurance, early first aid and timely transportation to health center save many victims of snake bite.Birat Journal of Health SciencesVol.2/No.1/Issue 2/ Jan - April 2017, page: 179-183
Serum Lactate Albumin Ratio as a Predictor of Mortality in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock at Tribhuwan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu
Authors: Thapa Sameer , Prasad PN , Shakya YM
Published: November 2017

IntroductionSevere sepsis and septic shock, is a common cause of emergency room admission and is associated with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study inspects the prediction of mortality in severe sepsis and septic shock with increased lactate/albumin ratio.Objective The objective of the study was to predict the serum lactate albumin ratio as an indicator of mortality in severe sepsis and septic shock.MethodologyIt was a hospital based cross sectional study done at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu from November 2015 to October 2016. The consent was taken from patients. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, serum lactate and serum albumin levels on first day of arrival in emergency room were calculated. Patients were classified as severe sepsis and septic shock and treated according to Surviving Sepsis Campaign 2012 guideline. The patient were follow up at 28 day, The associations of 28-day outcome with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, serum lactate value, serum albumin value and serum lactate albumin ratio value were derived.ResultsOut of total 240 severe sepsis and septic shock patients it is found that increased serum lactate/albumin ratio was an independent predictor of the mortality with cut off value of 0.07. Furthermore serum lactate albumin ratio shows strong correlation with APACHE 2 score in predicting mortality in severe sepsis and septic shock.ConclusionIncreased lactate/albumin ratio predicts mortality in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock.  Birat Journal of Health Sciences  Vol.2/No.1/Issue 2/ Jan - April 2017, Page: 191-195
Internal and external hazards inside the containment in case of an emergency situation
Authors: Abdelhady A.
Published: November 2017

The objective of this paper is to estimating radionuclide concentrations in air and radiological dose consequences to indoor workers in a containment of MTR open pool type reactor during emergency situations. A postulated core degradation accident causes fission products to release and the ventilation system will be converted automatically from the normal situation into emergency situation in order to purify the contaminated air by forcing it to pass through a group of filters. The study computes internal and external worker doses from inhalation and submersion in a finite cloud of contaminated air during the emergency mode. A radiological toolbox version 2 was used to evaluate the radiation dose levels inside the containment.
Glaciological studies on the King George Island ice cap, South Shetland
Islands, Antarctica
Authors: Jiahong Wen , Jiancheng Kang , Jiankang Han , Zichu Xie , Leibao Liu , Dali Wang
Published: November 2017

The King George Island ice cap, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, was
studied between 1985 and 1992. At the steady-state equilibrium-line altitude of
the ice cap, the mean annual temperature is -3.6°C, the mean summer
(December-February) temperature is 0°C and annual precipitation is 800 mm w.e.
Precipitation increases rapidly with elevation, and annual accumulation rate at
the Main Dome summit reaches 2480 mm a−1. Between 1985 and
1991 the equilibrium-line elevation averaged 140-150 m a.s.l. The ice cap has been
in an overall stable state for the past 20 years, going from a weak negative to a
small positive mass imbalance as increased precipitation outweighs the effects of
rising temperatures. Temperatures at the bottom of the active layer over most of
the accumulation area are close to 0°C, with colder temperatures down to -1.9°C in
the ablation zone. Soluble impurities in the ice cap are mainly from marine
sources, while undissolved mineral material amounts to only 15-54% of the total
microparticle content.
Recent fluctuations of the Dry Valleys glaciers, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica
Authors: Chinn T.J.
Published: November 2017

The state of equilibrium of the frontal positions of the glaciers of the Dry Valleys area of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, has heen a subject of speculation since the) were fu si seen. A programme to measure the changes in frontal positions of 12 ice-cliffed glaciers has been maintained since 1982-83, with a 30 year record for Mcscrve Glacier. Simple taped distances from fixed points to the fronts of the glaciers have demonstrated that, in proportion to their flow and ablation regimes which are two orders of magnitude slower than those of temperate glaciers, the glaciers are fluctuating as dynamically as do temperate glaciers. Maximum advance or recession rates have been found to be near ±1 m a−1, changes which are almost undetectable in comparative photographs. Recession was found to be the dominant change trend, with yearly variations reflecting changes in annual ablation.

The total height of the ice cliff gives a ready estimation of glacier equilibrium, with cliff heights being greatest on advancing glaciers. The division between advancing and receding glaciers was found to be at a cliff height of about 25 m.
Delineation of a catchment boundary using velocity and elevation
measurements
Authors: Price S. F. , Whillans I. M.
Published: November 2017

The determination of catchment boundaries is a major source of uncertainty in
net balance studies on large ice sheets. Here, a method for defining a catchment
boundary is developed using new measurements of ice-surface velocity and elevation
near the Ice Stream B/C boundary in West Antarctica. An objective method for
estimating confidence in the catchment boundary is proposed. Using elevation data,
the resulting mean standard deviation in boundary location is 13 km in position or
6000 km2 in area. Applying a similar uncertainty to both
sides of the Ice Stream Β catchment results in a catchment-area uncertainty of 9%.
Much larger uncertainties arise when the method is applied to velocity data. The
uncertainty in both cases is primarily determined by the density of field
measurements and is proportionally similar for larger catchment basins.
Differences in the position of the velocity-determined boundary and the
elevation-determined boundary probably result from data sampling. The boundary
positions determined here do not support the hypothesis that Ice Stream Β captured
parts of the Ice Stream C catchment.
Modelling the long-term response of the Antarctic ice sheet to global
warming
Authors: Warner Roland C. , Budd W.Κ.
Published: November 2017

The primary effects of global warming on the Antarctic ice sheet can involve
increases in surface melt for limited areas at lower elevations, increases in net
accumulation, and increased basal melting under floating ice. For moderate global
wanning, resulting in ocean temperature increases of a few °C, the
large- increase in basal melting can become the dominant factor in
the long-term response of the ice sheet. The results from
ice-sheet modelling show that the increased basal melt rates lead to a reduction
of the ice shelves, increased strain rates and flow at the grounding lines, then
thinning and floating of the marine ice sheets, with consequential further basal
melting.

The mass loss from basal melting is counteracted to some extent by the
increased accumulation, but in the long term the area of ice cover decreases,
particularly in West Antarctica, and the mass loss can dominate. The ice-sheet
ice-shelf model of Budd and others (1994) with 20 km resolution has been modified
and used to carry out a number of sensitivity studies of the long-term response of
the ice sheet to prescribed amounts of global warming. The changes in the ice
sheet are computed out to near-equilibrium, but most of the changes take place
with in the first lew thousand years. For a global mean temperature increase of
3°C with an ice-shelf basal melt rate of 5 m a−1 the ice
shelves disappear with in the first few hundred years, and the marine-based parts
of the ice sheet thin and retreat. By 2000 years the West Antarctic region is
reduced to a number of small, isolated ice caps based on the bedrock regions which
are near or above sea level. This allows the warmer surface ocean water to
circulate through the archipelago in summer, causing a large change to the local
climate of the region.
Relative magnitudes of shear and longitudinal strain rates in the inland
Antarctic ice sheet, and response to increasing accumulation
Authors: Lingle Craig S. , Troshina Elena N.
Published: November 2017

An approximation common to vertically integrated and three-dimensional models
used to simulate growth and retreat of ice sheets in response to changes in
climate and sea level is that the component of the mean column velocity
attributable to longitudinal strain rates is small relative to the component
attributable to shear strain rates parallel to the gcoid, and can be neglected. We
investigate the internal consistency of this sliallow-ice approximation by using a
three-dimensional model of the Antarctic ice sheet to calculate the ratio of the
horizontal shear strain rates, averaged through the lowest 10% of the ice depth,
to the horizontal longitudinal strain rates, averaged through the total ice depth.
This ratio is plotted for the regions of the ice sheet characterized by “inland
ice-sheet flow”, i.e. where the surface elevations are above 1500 m in East
Antarctica, and above 950 m in West Antarctica. These areas are generally inland
of the ice streams. The areas where this ratio exceeds 10, 50 and 100 are
delineated for the cases of (i) no basal motion, and (ii) “moderate” basal motion.
The results generally support the validity of the shallow-ice approximation
throughout most areas of the inland Antarctic ice sheet, although it breaks down,
as expected, near flow divides and mountain ranges. The model is also employed to
simulate the response of the ice sheet to linearly increasing accumula-tion rates,
such that the present accumulation is doubled after 100 years and then held
constant, using the surface kinematic equation. The results suggest that the
accumulation increase in East Antarctica during recen t decades observed in widely
spaced ice cores may be sufficient to account for a positive change in the time
rate-of-change of the surface heights of up to 0.1 m a−1
during this time period, throughout the areas north of 72° S, if the accumulation
increase has been widespread.
Firnification and the effects of wind-packing on Antarctic snow
Authors: Craven Mike , Allison Ian
Published: November 2017

Using firn-core data from ten widely spread Antarctic sites, the dependence
of firnification on temperature, wind and accumulation rate has been examined with
two empirical models. One model relates the square of the porosity to the
logarithm of the overburden pressure, and yields good fit to data through the
first stage of firnification up to around 0.70-0.75 Mg m −3,
beyond which it severely overestimates density. All three meteorological factors
enter into this model, with higher temperatures and stronger winds increasing
firnification rates, whilst higher accumulation rates have the opposite effect at
any given depth. A temperature increase of 10°C has the equivalent effect to a
wind-speed increase of 5 m s−1, or an accumulation rate
decrease of 0.10 m a−1 w.e. A second model equates the
logarithm of the porosity to overburden pressure and gives a much better fit to
field data at higher densities where values asymptote to the bubble-free density
of pure ice. This model generally yields a poor match to field data in the upper
layers, with surface densities generally overestimated. Annual mean wind speed
appears to be the least important of the local variables in this case, consistent
with the success of the model at greater depth in matching data profiles.
The contribution of snowdrift sublimation to the surface mass balance of
Antarctica
Authors: Bintanja Richard
Published: November 2017

This paper presents model calculations of snowdrift sublimation rates for
year-round automatic weather station (AWS) data in Terre Adélie, Antarctica. The
model calculates vertical profiles of wind speed, temperature, humidity and
suspended-snow particles in the atmospheric surface layer, and takes into account
the buoyancy effects induced by the stably stratified suspended-snow profile by
means of an appropriate Richardson number. The model is able to simulate
accurately vertical profiles of sublimation rate derived from direct measurements.
The model is used to parameterise snowdrift-sublimation rates in terms of wind
speed and air temperature. This parameterisation is then used to calculate
snowdrift-sublimation rates from 3 hourly data of six AWSs along a transect from
Dumont d'Urville to South Pole during one year. Results show that sublimation of
suspended snow is negligible in the interior of Antarctica where wind speeds and
temperatures are low, whereas near the windy and relatively warm coast its
contribution is significant (up to 17cmw.e. a−1).
Snowdrift-sublimation rates are highest during summer, when temperatures are
highest, in spite of the fact that wind speeds are not as high as in winter. It is
concluded that snowdrift sublimation is one of the major terms in the surface mass
balance of Antarctica, in particular in the coastal regions.
Very high-resolution seismic definition of glacial and postglacial sediment
bodies in the continental shelves of the northern Trinity Peninsula region,
Antarctica
Authors: Canals M. , Estrada F. , Urgeles R.
Published: November 2017

The sea-floor morphological features and sedimentary cover on the shelves of
the northern Trinity Peninsula, Antarctica, result from glaciomarine processes.
Roughness of the sea floor is apparent at scales from kilometre-wide Glacial
troughs to metre-wide iceberg scours. The sedimentary cover is unequally
distributed, with a preference for sheltered areas and sea-floor depressions where
deposition obeys local controlling factors. An uppermost draping layer caused by
settling of fine particles was observed in several of the studied settings. Large
parts of the shelves are devoid of sediments, and there the sea floor shows
widespread, mostly relict evidence of Glacial erosion. The observed sea-floor
morphologies and sedimentary cover highlight the return to grade of the shelves
from the northern Trinity Peninsula region.
A geochemical study of marine sediments from the Mac. Robertson shelf, East
Antarctica: initial results and palaeoenvironmental implications
Authors: Sedwick P. N. , Harris P.T. , Robertson L. G. , Mcmurtry G. M. , Cremer M. D. , Robinson P.
Published: November 2017

Sediments from the Antarctic continental margin may provide detailed
palaeoenvironmental records for Antarctic shelf waters during the late Quaternary.
Here we present results from a palaeoenvironmental study of two sediment cores
recovered from the continental shelf off Mac. Robertson Land, East Antarctica.
These gravity cores were collected approximately 90 km apart from locations on the
inner and outer shelf. Both cores are apparently undisturbed sequences of diatom
ooze mixed with fine, quartz-rich sand. Core stratigraphies have been established
from radiocarbon analyses of bulk organic carbon. Down-core geochemical
determinations include the lithogenic components AÍ and Fe, biogenic components
opal and organic carbon, and palaco-redox proxies Mn, Mo and U. We use the
geochemical data to infer past variations in the deposition of biogenic and
lithogenic materials, and the radiocarbon dates to estimate average sediment
accumulation rates. The Holocene record of the outer-shelf core suggests three
episodes of enhanced diatom export production at about 1.8, 3.8 and 5.5 ka BP, as
well as less pronounced bloom episodes which occurred over a shorter period.
Average sediment accumulation rates at this location range from 13.7 cm
ka−1 in the late Pleistocene early Holocene to 82 cm
ka−1 in the late Holocene, and suggest that the inferred
episodes of enhanced biogenic production lasted 100-1000 years. in contrast, data
for the inner-shelf core suggest that there has been a roughly constant proportion
of biogenic and lithogenic material accumulating during the middle to late
Holocene, with a greater proportion of biogenic material relative to the outer
shelf. Notably, there is an approximately 7-fold increase in average sediment
accumulation rate (from 24.5 to 179 cm ka−1) at this
inner-shelf location between the middle and late Holocene, with roughly comparable
increases in the mass accumulation rates of both biogenic and lithogenic material.
This may represent changes in sediment transport processes, or reflect real
increases in pelagic sedimentation in this region during the Holocene. Our results
suggest quite different sedimentation regimes in these two shelf locations during
the middle to late Holocene.
Identification and correlation of distal tephra layers in deep-sea sediment
cores, Scotia Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Moreton S. G. , Smellie J. L.
Published: November 2017

Quaternary deposits in six sediment cores from the Scotia Sea, Antarctica,
were examined for the presence of volcanic ash layers. The cores were recovered
from water depths of 3369-4025 m. Altogether, 23 ash layers were found, 18 of
which have been investigated by electron-probe microanalysis. Deception Island is
identified as the source of all the ash layers analyzed. The upper ash layer in
each core can be correlated across all six cores, over a distance of -100 km, on
the basis of its unusual bimodal composition, major oxide geochemistry and
stratigraphie position. Two other ash layers can also be correlated between
several of the cores.
Freezing at the grounding line in East Antarctica: possible implications for
sediment export efficiency
Authors: Souchez R. , Khazendar A. , Ronveaux D. , Tison J.-L.
Published: November 2017

A study of the δD and δ18O composition of ice formed at
or near the grounding line was undertaken in Terra Nova Bay, East Antarctica. The
results indicate that a double-diffusion mechanism is responsible for freezing at
the grounding line in areas sheltered from the sub-ice cavity circulation.
Freezing at the grounding line is unlikely to be prevalent today, but the
situation may have been different in the past when the ice reached the outer limit
of the continental shelf and there was no sub-ice cavity. The implications for
sediment export in the polar oceans are explained.
Deep ice-core drilling at Dome Fuji and glaciological studies in east Dronning
Maud Land, Antarctica
Authors: Dome-F Deep Coring Group
Published: November 2017

The Dome Fuji Project is a comprehensive study of present and past
glaeiological/climatological features of the Antarctic ice sheet in east Dronning
Maud Land. Field observations on a 100U km traverse route from the coast to Dome
Fuji slum changes in various glaciological parameters with surface elevation and
distance from the coast. Deep ice-core drilling at Dome Fuji was started in August
1995 and reached a depth of 2503.52 m in December 1996. in situ core analyses
revealed 25 visible tephra layers and a number of distinct cloudy bands in the
ice.
Preliminary investigation of palaeoclimate signals recorded in the ice core
from Dome Fuji station, east Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica
Authors:   Dome-F Ice Core Research
                  Group
Published: November 2017

An ice core to 2503.52 m depth was drilled during 1995 and 1996 at
77°19′01″S, 39°42′12″ E (3810 m a.s.l.), at the summit of Dome Fuji, East
Antarctica. Climatic and environmental conditions were observed at the coring site
throughout the 2 years of wintering operation. Meteorological and glaciological
observations made clear the present surface processes of mass balance. The
chemistry of the surface snow layers was observed for investigation of the
atmospheric environment reflected in snow deposits.

Core analyses have been carried out in Japan. Permeability and density
measurements show that air bubbles are completely closed off by densification
processes at about 98 m depth. The vertical profile of
δ
18O suggests that the core covers two warm stages and one
cold stage from the surface down to 1800 m depth. The transition from the cold to
the warm period affects the vertical distribution of ice-crystal size. The
chemical constituents in the ice core show large differences between warm and cold
periods. A depth–age relationship is presented and a study made of palaeoclimatic
and core signals.
Implications for the interpretation of ice-core isotope data from analysis of modelled Antarctic precipitation
Authors: Noone D. , Simmonds I.
Published: November 2017

By consideration of model-generated atmospheric data, dominant anomalies in the synoptic circulation patterns are observed under conditions of high Antarctic precipitation. This is associated with strong moisture advection of marine origin. Examining precipitation at individual locations reveals a strong relationship between local surface temperature and precipitation amount. Days with > 5 mm of precipitation (which, on average, corresponds to about 8% of days over Antarctica) have surface temperatures that are around 10°C warmer than the mean. This bias suggest that abnormal conditions are captured in the ice-core record and that interpretation or reconstruction of palaeotemperatures will succeed only under the possibly flawed assumption that similar abnormal conditions existed at the time of deposition. Although isotopic analysis of Antarctic ice cores has been used successfully in palaeoclimate studies, a complete understanding of the underlying processes affecting the deposition of the core remains to be found. It is reasoned that by obtaining such an understanding, it may be possible to reconstruct the synoptic conditions under which accumulation occurred.
East Antarctic sea ice: observations and modelling
Authors: Worby Anthony P. , Wu Xingren
Published: November 2017

The importance of monitoring sea ice for studies of global climate has been
well noted for several decades. Observations have shown that sea ice exhibits
large seasonal variability in extent, concentration and thickness. These changes
have a significant impact on climate, and the potential nature of many of these
connections has been revealed in studies with numerical models. An accurate
representation of the sea-ice distribution (including ice extent, concentration
and thickness) in climate models is therefore important for modelling global
climate change. This work presents an overview of the observed sea-ice
characteristics in the East Antarctic pack ice (60-150° E) and outlines possible
improvements to the simulation of sea ice over this region by modifying the
ice-thickness parameterisation in a coupled sea-ice-atmosphere model, using
observational data of ice thickness and concentration. Sensitivity studies
indicate that the simulation of East Antarctic sea ice can be improved by
modifying both the “lead parameterisation” and “rafting scheme” to be
ice-thickness dependent. The modelled results are currently out of phase with the
observed data, and the addition of a multilevel ice-thickness distribution would
improve the simulation significantly.