bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Scalable Covalent Organic Framework Membrane‐based Electrolytes for Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Liu Tongtong , Zhong Yuan , Yan Zhiwei , He Boying , Liu Tao , Ling Zhiyi , Li Bocong , Liu Xin , Zhu Jialiang , Jiang Lingyi , Gao Xiangyu , Zhang Rongchun , Zhang Jianrui , Xu Bingqing , Zhang Gen
Published: August 2024

The conventional covalent organic framework (COF)‐based electrolytes with tailored ionic conducting behaviors are typically fabricated in the powder morphology, requiring further compaction procedures to operate as solid electrolyte tablets, which hinders the large‐scale manufacturing of COF materials. In this study, we present a feasible electrospinning strategy to prepare scalable, self‐supporting COF membranes (COMs) that feature a rigid COF skeleton bonded with flexible, lithiophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains, forming an ion conduction network for Li+ transport. The resulting PEG‐COM electrolytes exhibit enhanced dendrite inhibition and high ionic conductivity of 0.153 mS cm−1 at 30 °C. The improved Li+ conduction in PEG‐COM electrolytes stems from the loose ion pairing in the structure and the production of higher free Li+ content, as confirmed by solid‐state 7Li NMR experiments. These changes in the local microenvironment of Li+ facilitate its directional movement within the COM pores. Consequently, solid‐state symmetrical Li|Li, Li|LFP, and pouch cells demonstrate excellent electrochemical performance at 60 °C. This strategy offers a universal approach for constructing scalable COM‐based electrolytes, thereby broadening the practical applications of COFs in solid‐state lithium metal batteries.
Magnetically Induced Amination of Alcohols Using MNi@Cu (M=Fe, Co) Nanoparticles as Catalysts
Authors: Varela‐Izquierdo Víctor , Mustieles‐Marín Irene , Fazzini Pier‐Francesco , Mencía Gabriel , Guelen Simon , Rachet Rabih , Chaudret Bruno
Published: August 2024

The synthesis of tertiary amines from alcohols (i.e. heptanol, dodecanol, cyclohexanol, benzylalcohol) and secondary amines (Me2NH (DMA), nPr2NH, nBu2NH) has been achieved in one step using trimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) displaying a magnetic core (Co4Ni6 and Fe3Ni7) and a Cu shell as both catalysts and heating agent in the presence of an alternating magnetic field. This methodology limits the redistribution reactions occurring on amines at high temperature leading to both much higher conversion and selectivity in the absence of solvent than usually observed using conventional heating. Moreover, Co4Ni6@Cu NPs were found moisture resistant, thereby allowing for performing the reaction with commercial DMA in water (40 % wt) with again high conversion and selectivity.
Lighting Up Bispyrene‐Functionalized Chiral Molecular Muscles with Switchable Circularly Polarized Excimer Emissions
Authors: Li Xue , Xu Wei‐Tao , Xu Xiao‐Qin , Wang Yu , Wang Xu‐Qing , Yang Hai‐Bo , Wang Wei
Published: August 2024

Aiming at the further extension of the application scope of traditional molecular muscles, a novel bispyrene‐functionalized chiral molecular [c2]daisy chain was designed and synthesized. Taking advantage of the unique dimeric interlocked structure of molecular [c2]daisy chain, the resultant chiral molecular muscle emits strong circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) attributed to the pyrene excimer with a high dissymmetry factor (glum) value of 0.010. More importantly, along with the solvent‐ or anion‐ induced motions of the chiral molecular muscle, the precise regulation of the pyrene stacking within its skeleton results in the switching towards either “inversed” state with sign inversion and larger glum values or “down” state with maintained handedness and smaller glum values, making it a novel multistate CPL switch. As the first example of chiral molecular muscle‐based CPL switch, this proof‐of‐concept study not only successfully widens the application scopes of molecular muscles, but also provides a promising platform for the construction of novel smart chiral luminescent materials for practical applications.
Photocatalytic Synthesis of Glycine from Methanol and Nitrate
Authors: Li Peifeng , Zhao Wanghui , Wang Kaixuan , Wang Tao , Zhang Biaobiao
Published: August 2024

Photocatalytic utilization of methanol and nitrate as carbon and nitrogen sources for the direct synthesis of amino acids could provide a sustainable way for the valorization of green “liquid sunlight” and nitrate waste. In this study, we develop an efficient photochemical method to synthesize glycine directly from methanol and nitrate, which cascades the C−C coupling to form glycol, nitrate reduction to NH3, and finally C−N coupling to generate glycine. Interestingly, the involved photocatalytic tandem reactions show a synergistic effect, in which the presence of nitrate is the dominant factor to enable the overall reaction and reach high synthetic efficiency. Ba2+−TiO2 nanoparticles are confirmed as a feasible and efficient catalyst system for the photosynthesis of glycine with a remarkable glycine photosynthesis rate of 870 μmol gcat−1 h−1 under optimal conditions. This work establishes a novel catalytic system for amino acid synthesis from methanol and nitrate under mild conditions. These results also allow us to further suppose the formation pathways of amino acids on the primitive earth, as an extension to proposals based on the Miller‐Urey experiments.
Intracellular Gold Nanocluster/Organic Semiconductor Heterostructure for Enhancing Photosynthesis
Authors: Cong Yujie , Wang Xiaoyu , Bai Haotian , Yao Chuang , Liu Jiaren , Wei Yi , Kang Yuetong , Wang Shu , Li Lidong
Published: August 2024

Photosynthetic microorganisms, which rely on light‐driven electron transfer, store solar energy in self‐energy carriers and convert it into bioenergy. Although these microorganisms can operate light‐induced charge separation with nearly 100 % quantum efficiency, their practical applications are inherently limited by the photosynthetic energy conversion efficiency. Artificial semiconductors can induce an electronic response to photoexcitation, providing additional excited electrons for natural photosynthesis to improve solar conversion efficiency. However, challenges remain in importing exogenous electrons across cell membranes. In this work, we have developed an engineered gold nanocluster/organic semiconductor heterostructure (AuNCs@OFTF) to couple the intracellular electron transport chain of living cyanobacteria. AuNCs@OFTF exhibits a prolonged excited state lifetime and effective charge separation. The internalized AuNCs@OFTF permits its photogenerated electrons to participate in the downstream of photosystem II and construct an oriented electronic highway, which enables a five‐fold increase in photocurrent in living cyanobacteria. Moreover, the binding events of AuNCs@OFTF established an abiotic‐biotic electronic interface at the thylakoid membrane to enhance electron flux and finally furnished nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Thus, AuNCs@OFTF can be exploited to spatiotemporally manipulate and enhance the solar conversion of living cyanobacteria in cells, providing an extended nanotechnology for re‐engineering photosynthetic pathways.
Azobenzene‐Bridged Covalent Organic Frameworks Boosting Photocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production from Alkaline Water: One Atom Makes a Significant Improvement
Authors: Sun Hui‐Hui , Zhou Zhi‐Bei , Fu Yubin , Qi Qiao‐Yan , Wang Zhen‐Xue , Xu Shunqi , Zhao Xin
Published: August 2024

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been demonstrated as promising photocatalysts for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production. However, the construction of COFs with new active sites, high photoactivity, and wide‐range light absorption for efficient H2O2 production remains challenging. Herein, we present the synthesis of a novel azobenzene‐bridged 2D COF (COF‐TPT‐Azo) with excellent performance on photocatalytic H2O2 production under alkaline conditions. Notably, although COF‐TPT‐Azo differs by only one atom (−N=N− vs. −C=N−) from its corresponding imine‐linked counterpart (COF‐TPT‐TPA), COF‐TPT‐Azo exhibits a significantly narrower band gap, enhanced charge transport, and prompted photoactivity. Remarkably, when employed as a metal‐free photocatalyst, COF‐TPT‐Azo achieves a high photocatalytic H2O2 production rate up to 1498 μmol g−1 h−1 at pH = 11, which is 7.9 times higher than that of COF‐TPT‐TPA. Further density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the −N=N− linkages are the active sites for photocatalysis. This work provides new prospects for developing high‐performance COF‐based photocatalysts.
Stereodivergency in Copper‐Catalyzed Borylative Difunctionalizations: The Impact of Boron Coordination
Authors: Mirabi Bijan , Li Shangyu , Ching Justin , Lenz Madina , Popovic Simon M. , Lautens Mark
Published: August 2024

A reagent‐controlled diastereodivergent copper‐catalyzed borylative difunctionalization is reported. The formation of Lewis adducts that guide selectivity is commonly invoked in organic reaction mechanisms. Using density functional theory calculations, we identified BpinBdan as a sterically similar and less Lewis acidic alternative to B2pin2. Using a newly developed borylative aldol domino reaction as the proof‐of‐concept, we demonstrate a change in stereochemical outcome by a simple change of borylating reagent—B2pin2 affords the diastereomer associated with coordination control while BpinBdan overturns this mode of binding. We show that this strategy can be generalized to other scaffolds and, more importantly, that BpinBdan does not alter the diastereomeric outcome of the reaction when coordination is not involved. BpinBdan can be viewed as a mechanistic probe for coordination in future copper‐catalyzed borylation reactions.
Novel Dissymmetric Formal Quinoidal Molecules End‐Capped by Dicyanomethylene and Triphenylphosphonium
Authors: Shang Wansong , Meng Wei , Chen Lingfang , Shangguan Zhichun , Huang Yanyan , Zhang Xi‐Sha , Li Cheng , Bai Shuming , Zhang Guanxin , Zhang Deqing
Published: August 2024

A number of quinoidal molecules with symmetric end‐capping groups, particularly dicyanomethylene units, have been synthesized for organic optoelectronic materials. In comparison, dissymmetric quinoidal molecules, characterized by end‐capping with different groups, are less explored. In this paper, we present the unexpected formation of new formal quinoidal molecules, which are end‐capped with both dicyanomethylene and triphenylphosphonium moieties. The structures of these dissymmetric quinoidal molecules were firmly verified by single crystal structural analyses. On the basis of the control experiments and DFT calculations, we proposed the reaction mechanism for the formation of these dissymmetric quinoidal molecules. The respective zwitterionic forms should make contributions to the ground state structures of these quinoidal molecules based on the analysis of their bond lengths and aromaticity and Mayer Bond Orbital (MBO) calculation. This agrees well with the fact that negative solvatochromism was observed for these quinoidal molecules. Although these new quinoidal molecules are non‐emissive both in solutions and crystalline states, they become emissive with quantum yields up to 51.4 % after elevating the solvent viscosity or dispersing them in a PMMA matrix. Interestingly, their emissions can also be switched on upon binding with certain proteins, in particular with human serum albumin.
Novel Ni(II) Complexes as Minor Groove Binders: Crystal Structures, Biomolecular Interactions, Molecular Docking, and Biological Activities
Authors: Özbağcı Duygu İnci
Published: August 2024

A novel ternary Ni(II) complexes, [Ni(5Clsal‐phe)(phen)(H2O)] (1) and [Ni(5Clsal‐phe)(bpy)(H2O)]CH3OH (2), (Schiff base derived from the condensation of L‐phenylalanine and 5‐chlorosalicylaldehyde, phen: 1,10‐phenanthroline, bpy: 2,2′‐bipyridine) has been synthesized. The structure of the complexes was clarified by CHN analysis, FTIR, electronic absorption spectroscopy, ESI‐MS, and X‐ray single crystal diffraction methods. In biological activity studies, the interactions of the complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT‐DNA) were examined using fluorescence spectroscopy. The results show that the complexes could bind to CT‐DNA via a minor groove mode. The interactions of the complexes with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated using electronic absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy techniques, and the BSA quenching mechanism was found. The radical scavenging activity of the complexes was investigated in comparison with hederacolchiside, taxifoline, hederasaponin, arachidonoyl dopamine, and silychristin used as standard. Molecular docking simulations were employed to investigate the interactions between the complexes and biomolecules such as DNA and BSA. The results revealed that the complexes insert into DNA via the minor groove and bind to BSA at subdomains I and IIA. These interactions are facilitated by conventional hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, alkyl, and π‐alkyl interactions.
Self‐healable Mn‐doped PVA‐borax hydrogel electrodes for supercapacitor applications
Authors: Kockar Aysegul , Demirel Serkan , Kerimli Genber
Published: August 2024

This study aims to investigate the effect of Mn doping on the performance of polyvinyl alcohol/borax‐structured (PMB) supercapacitor electrodes for high‐capacity, flexible, and self‐healing supercapacitor electrodes. The PMB electrodes were characterized by x‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical characterization was conducted using cyclic voltammetry (CV), which revealed that redox reactions, which are evident at low scan rates, enhance capacitive performance. However, high scan rates introduce limitations owing to the increased vibrations of the PVA chains and incomplete electrolyte polarization. The PMB electrodes exhibited remarkable electrochemical properties and capacitive performances, which were significantly affected by the MnO₂ structure. The electrodes exhibited self‐healing properties and demonstrated flexibility to stretch by up to 40%. In addition, the results indicate that the electrode capacity of the PVA/borax system increased by 2.03 times after 1000 cycles with manganese doping. The solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer formed on the electrode surface plays a critical role in stabilizing the capacity loss during prolonged charge–discharge cycles. The study concluded that PMB supercapacitors offer higher capacitance in 0‐2 V applications compared to other PVA/borax combination hydrogels. Moreover, the incorporation of metal‐based additives, particularly manganese, enhanced the capacitive performance, and operating voltage levels.
AIE‐Based & Organic Luminescent Materials: Nanoarchitectonics and Advanced Applications
Authors: Gawade Vilas K. , Jadhav Ratan W. , Bhosale Sheshanath V.
Published: August 2024

Organic luminescence materials makes the molecule more enthusiastic in wide variety of applications. The luminescent organic materials are in a attraction of the researchers, and the Aggregation‐Induced Emission (AIE) is attributed to the occurrence that particular chromophores (typically fluorophores) display very low or nearly no emission in the monomolecular soluble state but become highly emissive when forming aggregates in solution or in solid state. This phenomenon is relatively abnormal when compared with many other traditional fluorophores. AIE research suppresses aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ). Nevertheless, the carbon dots (CDs) and quantum dots have shown to have tyical florescence properties, therefore, recent years many researchers have also attracted for their developments. The CDs, luminescent, and AIE materials are not only used in biomedical applications and organic light‐emitting diodes but also in sensing, self‐assembly, and other areas. One should introduce promising material to a designed framework that exhibits AIE characteristics to ensure moral results in AIE. Amongest, AIE‐active tetraphenylethylene (TPE) is attractive fluorophores due to its easy synthesis strategy. This review article discusses the synthesis properties of TPE, CDs, and luminescent materials with a broad range of applications. We have outlined linear, branched‐shaped supramolecular, and hybrid macromolecules due to its potential in the future.
Ammonium Zincates as Catalysts for the Microwave‐Enhanced Synthesis of Symmetric Piperazines by Regioselective Opening of Aziridines
Authors: Alberti Matteo , Dariol Andrea , Panza Nicola , Abbiati Giorgio , Caselli Alessandro
Published: August 2024

2,5‐disubstituted N,N’‐alkylpiperazines represent an interesting target in organic synthesis both for pharmaceutical or agrochemical applications and as a promising class of ligands in coordination chemistry. We report here a microwave‐enhanced synthesis of these compounds starting from non‐activated N‐alkyl aziridines in the presence of catalytic amounts of simple ammonium metallates. A remarkable TOF of 2787.9 h−1 has been observed in the case of [TBA]2[ZnI4] as the catalyst (catalyst loading 0.1 mol %) and with an almost complete selectivity (up to 97 %) in favor of both diastereoisomers (meso and chiral form) of the target 2,5‐disubstituted piperazines, obtained in 1 : 1 ratio. The two isomers are easily separated, because the meso form precipitates in pure from the reaction crude. A stereochemical investigation and the unprecedented isolation of 2,6‐disubstituted N,N’‐alkylpiperazines allowed us to shed light on the reaction mechanism.
Electrochemical Charge Transfer Kinetics of Ferrocene in the Light of Different Working Electrodes
Authors: Kaur Rajwinder , Ghoshal Abhik , Galav Prachi , Mondal Prakash Chandra
Published: August 2024

Ferrocene is an accidentally discovered organometallic compound that serves as a crucial redox probe in investigating electrochemical charge transfer dynamics. Besides solution phase studies, ferrocene derivatives are well‐explored in molecular thin films, including self‐assembled monolayers on various electrodes for understanding on‐surface redox behavior, molecular electronics, and charge storage applications. Heterogeneous charge transfer is an imperative parameter for efficient charge transport in spin‐dependent electrochemistry, photoelectrochemistry, and molecular electronic devices. In this work, we aim to study the electrochemical charge transfer of ferrocene on various electrodes such as commercially obtained glassy carbon, graphite rod, indium tin oxide (ITO), and as‐prepared gold, and nickel to determine the impact of the nature of the working electrode on the electron transfer rate, diffusion coefficient, and reversibility of the redox process. Both the direct current and alternating current‐based electrochemical experiments are performed, followed by digitization of the experimental results. The kinetics of electron transfer and electrochemical reversibility reveal a strong dependence on the nature of the working electrode, as the electrochemically driven oxidation and reduction of the material of interest are directly related to the Fermi energy and electronic structure of the working electrode.
Polymerizable Ionic Liquid‐Derived N, S co‐Doped sp3/sp2 Carbon as Electrocatalyst for H2O2 Generation
Authors: Gao Jian , Meng Lingxin , Gui Jianzhou , Wang Hong , Ma Na , Yin Zhen , Tan Xiaoyao , Li Yuan
Published: August 2024

The H2O2 generation via the green electrochemical process is of high interest. For the H2O2 electrochemical generation, the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is important. Unfortunately, the ORR is kinetically sluggish and catalysts are needed. However, noble metal ORR catalysts are pricy and scarcely applicable in applications. Therefore, non‐precious metal catalysts are desired. Heteroatom‐doped carbons show promise as metal‐free ORR catalysts. The ORR catalytic activity will be enhanced by the carbon's sp2 and/or sp3 engineering. For N, S co‐Cdoped and sp2/sp3 modulated carbon, a polymerizable ionic liquid of hydrolyzed vinyl imidazolium was studied. The carbon is studied as a metal‐free catalyst for the ORR via the 2e− process. It is possible to get an onset potential of 0.88 V vs. RHE with approximately 50 % selectivity for the H2O2. The current study offers a simple technique for synthesizing heteroatom‐doped sp2/sp3 designed carbon as catalysts for the electroreduction of O2 to produce H2O2, and a new way of tunning the sp3/sp2 carbon catalytic activity by modulating the ionic liquid.
Development and validation of an ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method to quantify the small molecule inhibitors adagrasib, alectinib, brigatinib, capmatinib, crizotinib, lorlatinib, selpercatinib, and sotorasib in human plasma
Authors: Hollander Esther M. , Zimmerman Nachel M. C. , Piet Berber , van den Heuvel Michel M. , Burger David M. , te Brake Lindsey H. M. , ter Heine Rob
Published: August 2024

Small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) are increasingly being used in the treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer. To support pharmacokinetic research and clinical treatment monitoring, our aim was to develop and validate an ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) assay for quantification of eight SMIs: adagrasib, alectinib, brigatinib, capmatinib, crizotinib, lorlatinib, selpercatinib, and sotorasib. Development of the UPLC‐MS/MS assay was done by trying different columns and eluents to optimize peak shape. The assay was validated based on guidelines of the European Medicines Agency. Chromatographic separation was performed with a gradient elution using ammonium formate in water and methanol. Detection was performed using a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization. Validation was performed in a range of 10–2500 μg/L for lorlatinib, 25–6250 μg/L for alectinib and crizotinib, 25–10,000 μg/L for capmatinib and selpercatinib, 50–12,500 μg/L for brigatinib, and 100–25,000 μg/L for adagrasib and sotorasib. Imprecision was <8.88% and inaccuracy was <12.5% for all compounds. Seven out of eight compounds were stable for 96 h at room temperature. Sotorasib was stable for 8 h at room temperature. A sensitive and reliable method has been developed to quantify eight SMIs with a single assay, enhancing efficacy and safety of targeted therapies.
LncRNA ILF3‐AS1 mediates oxidative stress and inflammation through miR‐504‐3p/HMGB1 axis in a cellular model of temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Gao Peipei , Wu Ying , Yan Zhixin
Published: August 2024

Background

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), a prevalent neurological disorder, is associated with hippocampal oxidative stress and inflammation. A recent study reveals that the long noncoding RNA ILF3 divergent transcript (ILF3‐AS1) level is elevated in the hippocampus of TLE patients; however, the functional roles of ILF3‐AS1 in TLE and underlying mechanisms deserve further investigation. Hence, this study aimed to elucidate whether ILF3‐AS1 is involved in the pathogenesis of TLE by regulating oxidative stress and inflammation and to explore its underlying mechanism in vitro.

Methods

Human hippocampal neurons were subjected to a magnesium‐free (Mg2+‐free) solution to establish an in vitro model of TLE. The potential binding sites between ILF3‐AS1 and miRNA were predicted by TargetScan/Starbase and confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay. Cell viability and damage were assessed by cell counting kit‐8 and lactate dehydrogenase assay kits, respectively. Levels of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase were determined by commercial kits. Levels of Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐1β, and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha were quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The expressions of gene and protein were determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis.

Results

In Mg2+‐free‐treated hippocampal neurons, both ILF3‐AS1 and HMGB1 were highly up‐regulated, whereas miR‐504‐3p was down‐regulated. ILF3‐AS1 knockdown ameliorated Mg2+‐free‐induced cellular damage, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that miR‐504‐3p was a target of ILF3‐AS1 and was negatively regulated by ILF3‐AS1. MiR‐504‐3p inhibitor blocked the protection of ILF3‐AS1 knockdown against Mg2+‐free‐induced neuronal injury. Further analysis presented that ILF3‐AS1 regulated HMGB1 expression by sponging miR‐504‐3p. Moreover, HMGB1 overexpression reversed the protective functions of ILF3‐AS1 knockdown.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that ILF3‐AS1 contributes to Mg2+‐free‐induced hippocampal neuron injuries, oxidative stress, and inflammation by targeting the miR‐504‐3p/HMGB1 axis. These results provide a novel mechanistic understanding of ILF3‐AS1 in TLE and suggest potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of epilepsy.
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: Exploring the diverse clinical manifestations and the need for further exploration
Authors: Noori Hamid , Marsool Mohammed Dheyaa Marsool , Gohil Krutika Mahendra , Idrees Muhammad , Subash Tushar , Alazzeh Zainab , Prajjwal Priyadarshi , Jain Hritvik , Amir Omniat
Published: August 2024

Background

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammatory assaults on the central nervous system (CNS), particularly on the optic nerves and spinal cord. In recent years, a wider range of clinical manifestations of this complex disease have been observed, emphasizing the importance of gaining a more profound understanding beyond optic neuritis (ON) and transverse myelitis (TM).

Current knowledge

This study explores the many clinical symptoms of NMOSD, including common and uncommon presentations. Distinctive aspects of ON, TM, and diencephalic/brainstem syndromes are examined, highlighting their unique characteristics in contrast to conditions such as multiple sclerosis. We also discuss extra‐CNS involvement, such as unusual signs, including muscle involvement, retinal injury, auditory impairment, and rhinological symptoms.

Aims and objectives

Our study intends to highlight the wide range and complexity of NMOSD presentations, emphasizing the significance of identifying unusual symptoms for precise diagnosis and prompt management. The specific processes that contribute to the varied clinical presentation of NMOSD are not well understood despite existing information. This emphasizes the necessity for more study to clarify the mechanisms that cause different symptoms and discover new treatment targets for this complex autoimmune disorder.

Conclusion

It is essential to acknowledge the complex and varied clinical manifestations of NMOSD to enhance diagnosis, treatment, and patient results. By enhancing our comprehension of the fundamental processes and investigating innovative therapeutic approaches, we may aim to enhance the quality of life for persons impacted by this illness.
Alterations of contralesional hippocampal subfield volumes and relations to cognitive functions in patients with unilateral stroke
Authors: Lu Juan‐Juan , Xing Xiang‐Xin , Qu Jiao , Wu Jia‐Jia , Zheng Mou‐Xiong , Hua Xu‐Yun , Xu Jian‐Guang
Published: August 2024

Background

The volumes of the hippocampal subfields are related to poststroke cognitive dysfunctions. However, it remains unclear whether contralesional hippocampal subfield volume contributes to cognitive impairment. This study aimed to investigate the volumetric differences in the contralesional hippocampal subfields between patients with left and right hemisphere strokes (LHS/RHS). Additionally, correlations between contralesional hippocampal subfield volumes and clinical outcomes were explored.

Methods

Fourteen LHS (13 males, 52.57 ± 7.10 years), 13 RHS (11 males, 51.23 ± 15.23 years), and 18 healthy controls (11 males, 46.94 ± 12.74 years) were enrolled. Contralesional global and regional hippocampal volumes were obtained with T1‐weighted images. Correlations between contralesional hippocampal subfield volumes and clinical outcomes, including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), were analyzed. Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple comparisons.

Results

Significant reductions were found in contralesional hippocampal as a whole (adjusted p = .011) and its subfield volumes, including the hippocampal tail (adjusted p = .005), cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) (adjusted p = .002), molecular layer (ML) (adjusted p = .004), granule cell and ML of the dentate gyrus (GC‐ML‐DG) (adjusted p = .015), CA3 (adjusted p = .009), and CA4 (adjusted p = .014) in the RHS group compared to the LHS group. MoCA and MMSE had positive correlations with volumes of contralesional hippocampal tail (p = .015, r = .771; p = .017, r = .763) and fimbria (p = .020, r = .750; p = .019, r = .753) in the LHS group, and CA3 (p = .007, r = .857; p = .009, r = .838) in the RHS group, respectively.

Conclusion

Unilateral stroke caused volumetric differences in different hippocampal subfields contralesionally, which correlated to cognitive impairment. RHS leads to greater volumetric reduction in the whole contralesional hippocampus and specific subfields (hippocampal tail, CA1, ML, GC‐ML‐DG, CA3, and CA4) compared to LHS. These changes are correlated with cognitive impairments, potentially due to disrupted neural pathways and interhemispheric communication.
Cognitive impairment in patients awaiting kidney and liver transplantation—A clinically relevant problem?
Authors: Golenia Aleksandra , Olejnik Piotr , Grusiecka‐Stańczyk Magdalena , Żołek Norbert , Wojtaszek Ewa , Żebrowski Paweł , Raszeja‐Wyszomirska Joanna , Małyszko Jolanta
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Cognitive impairment (CI) is common in both end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) and alcohol‐related liver cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and patterns of CI in patients awaiting kidney and liver transplantation, and to identify its determinants.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional, prospective study, 31 consecutive patients with ESKD and 31 consecutive patients with alcohol‐related liver cirrhosis, all currently on transplant waiting lists, were screened for cognitive decline using the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination. Medical history, demographics, and laboratory test results were also collected.

Results

The prevalence of CI among patients with ESKD and alcohol‐related liver cirrhosis was 26% and 90%, respectively. In both groups, memory was the most affected cognitive domain, along with verbal fluency in patients with ESKD, and visuospatial abilities in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. The most statistically significant increase in the prevalence of CI was found in patients with lower educational attainment, in both alcohol‐related liver cirrhosis and ESKD populations as well as in older patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Furthermore, better cognitive functioning in ESKD patients was associated with higher levels of total lymphocyte count and alanine transaminase (ALT), and in alcohol‐related liver cirrhosis patients with higher levels of ALT and aspartate transaminase. A nonsignificant trend toward lower memory domain scores was also observed with increasing ammonia levels and increasing severity of liver disease (higher Child–Pugh scores). Finally, suboptimal performance on the screening test was correlated with the severity of liver disease as assessed by the Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease Sodium (MELD‐Na), but not at the statistically significant level.

Conclusions

The prevalence of CI, especially in patients with alcohol‐related liver cirrhosis, is high and can be a significant clinical problem, negatively affecting the transplantation process. Routine screening tests in this group would contribute to the implementation of appropriate management, such as rehabilitation program or psychosocial treatments and facilitate the provision of specialized health care.
Do sustainable supply chain practices mitigate carbon emissions? The role of supplier environmental, social and governance training
Authors: Karaman Abdullah S. , Ellili Nejla Ould Daoud , Uyar Ali
Published: August 2024

Over 75% of a firm's carbon footprint is attributed to logistics activities and transportation related to the acquisition, production, and distribution of materials and goods. Green supply chain management is considered a way to reduce carbon emissions and address climate change concerns. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate whether sustainable supply chain practices reduce carbon emissions and whether supplier environmental, social, and governance (ESG) training further enhances this effect, thereby reinforcing the negative association. We collected data for an international sample of manufacturing firms from Thomson Reuters Eikon for the period between 2002 and 2021 and ran a country–year fixed‐effects regression. To address endogeneity, we also utilized two‐stage least squares regression, propensity score matching, and entropy balancing. Our findings indicate that sustainable supply chain practices alleviate carbon emissions. Furthermore, we found that supplier ESG training strengthens this relationship, leading to even higher reductions in carbon emissions. Specifically, this training reinforces the negative association between sustainable supply chain practices and carbon emissions, resulting in a more pronounced decrease in carbon emissions. These results are robust to alternative proxies, samples, and endogeneity concerns. Our study highlights the importance of policy development and collaborative interorganizational actions among supply chain partners in developing solutions to climate change issues. As supply chain activities generate high levels of emissions and regulatory press is mounting, our findings may help firms take proactive actions for greener supply chain management and avoid regulatory sanctions. Additionally, we found that institutional strength stimulates firms' clean supply chain practices. Therefore, we advise policymakers to develop and implement necessary policies in less developed countries with weak public environmental regulations.
Enhancing virtual reality exposure therapy: Optimizing treatment outcomes for agoraphobia through advanced simulation and comparative analysis
Authors: Yang Jackson , Che Xiaoping , Qu Chenxin , Di Xiaofei , Liu Haiming
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates the application of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) to treat agoraphobia, focusing on two pivotal research questions derived from identified gaps in current therapeutic approaches. The first question (RQ1) addresses the development of complex VR environments to enhance therapy's effectiveness by simulating real‐world anxiety triggers. The second question (RQ2) examines the differential impact of these VR environments on agoraphobic and nonagoraphobic participants through rigorous comparative analyses using t‐tests. Methodologies include advanced data processing techniques for electrodermal activity (EDA) and eye‐tracking metrics to assess the anxiety levels induced by these environments. Additionally, qualitative methods such as structured interviews and questionnaires complement these measurements, providing deeper insights into the subjective experiences of participants. Video recordings of sessions using Unity software offer a layer of data, enabling the study to replay and analyze interactions within the VR environment meticulously. The experimental results confirm the efficacy of VR settings in eliciting significant physiological and psychological responses from participants, substantiating the VR scenarios' potential as a therapeutic tool. This study contributes to the broader discourse on the viability and optimization of VR technologies in clinical settings, offering a methodologically sound approach to the practicality and accessibility of exposure therapies for anxiety disorders.
Analysis of Antioxidant Properties and Compounds in Different Rosa Taxa Fruits Using UV‐Vis and UPLC‐TQ‐MS Techniques
Authors: Wang Ning , Xie Li , Tian Li
Published: August 2024

This comprehensive analysis of the fruits of Rosa spp. (FR) evaluates their chemical components and antioxidant activity. The study quantified total flavonoids and polyphenols using aluminum trichloride colorimetric assay and Folin‐Ciocalteu methods, with the fruit of Rosa. laxa Rtez. var. mollis Yü et Ku. sample exhibiting the highest concentrations of 59.21 mg/g and 81.13 mg/g, respectively. Ultra‐High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography‐Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (UPLC‐TQ‐MS) assessed seven primary components, with notable levels of euscaphic acid, ursolic acid, and gallic acid. Antioxidant activities were tested using DPPH and ABTS methods, showing strong activities in samples the fruits of Rosa. persica Mickx ex Juss. and Rosa. laxa Rtez. var. kaschgarica (Rupr.) Y. L. Han. Chemometric analyses, including similarity, cluster, principal component, and grey relational analyses, were used to explore relationships between FR varieties and their antioxidant properties. The study provides a vital basis for future FR quality assessments.
Report on the 12th international workshop on the CCN family of genes, Oslo, June 20–23, 2024
Authors: Attramadal Håvard , Weiskirchen Ralf , Perbal Bernard
Published: August 2024

The 12th international workshop on the CCN family of genes took place at the Scandic Holmenkollen Park Hotel in Oslo, Norway from June 20–23, 2024. In 2024, it was the second time, following the Nice meeting in 2022, that the scientific topics were expanded to include additional cellular signaling and communication pathways of interest to the CCN Society members, as suggested by Bernard Perbal in 2019. The 12th international CCN workshop, organized by Håvard Attramadal and Vivi T. Monsen, along with co‐organizers Bernard and Annick Perbal, was given the subtitle “Cell‐matrix Communication and Functions in Health and Disease” to encompass the broader scope of this meeting. The five scientific sessions covered various topics: Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Cell Communication and Signaling (Chaired by Brahim Chaqour and Vivi T. Monsen), Vascular Development and Pathophysiology (Chaired by Lester F. Lau and Håvard Attramadal), Mechanisms of Diseases (Chaired by George Bou‐Gharios and Satoshi Kubota), Tissue Development and Homeostasis (Chaired by Blandine Poulet and Bernard Perbal), and Mechanisms of Disease: Cancer and the Matrix (Chaired by Stephen M. Twigg and Raymond B. Birge). The 2024 ICCNS Award was presented to Katia Scotlandi during the last session (Chaired by Bernard Perbal) before Håvard Attramadal presented the conclusion of the workshop.
A Specific Review of CO2 Catalytic Conversion Reactions Based on the Concept of Catalytic Sites Contiguity
Authors: Chen Jingye , Zhao Xu , Shakouri Mohsen , Wang Hui
Published: August 2024

Thermocatalytic conversions of carbon dioxide (CO2) to value‐added products offer promising approaches to achieving net negative emissions. The catalysts for CO2 conversions, particularly for CO2 hydrogenation reactions, usually involve more than one catalytic sites working together. In this review, we first introduce the advanced characterization techniques used to identify the catalytic sites in CO2 hydrogenation catalysts, sites for hydrogen (H2) activation and CO2 adsorption/activation. We then discuss how the dual or multiple‐site configurations influence the catalytic activity and selectivity in reactions such as reverse water‐gas shift (RWGS), CO2 methanation, and CO2 hydrogenation for methanol (MeOH). We finally explain the Catalytic Sites Contiguity (CSC) concept that our research group developed from the work in CO2 reforming of methane and use it to understand the relationship between the spatial arrangement of catalytic sites and the efficiency of reactant activation and conversion in recent publications on MeOH synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation. We hope our insights into the impact of CSC on catalytic performance lead to a potential top‐down design method in optimizing the CO2 hydrogenation catalysts.
Synthesis and Design Strategies of MXene Used as Catalysts
Authors: Zhang Qingxiao , Zhao Cong , Li Hui
Published: August 2024

MXene have found extensive applications in various fields, including catalysis. Two predominant roles of MXene in catalysis are as catalyst carriers or as catalysts themselves. The former has received significant attention and is addressed in other publications. This review assesses MXene and its derivatives as direct catalysts, which is particularly intriguing due to its potential to reduce the design cost of catalysts. Moreover, an in‐depth discussion of this aspect aids in understanding the true role of MXene in catalysis, beyond its role as a catalyst carrier. For instance, MXene and its derivatives have been extensively employed as photocatalysts, with their catalytic activity significantly influenced by their structural characteristics. Furthermore, due to MXene's remarkable light absorption capacity, it is crucial to explore the contributions of photothermal generation or photocatalytic‐thermocatalytic synergistic effects. Additionally, MXene has demonstrated remarkable electrocatalytic performance in hydrogen production. Moreover, MXene exhibits promising applications in thermal catalysis, such as dehydrogenation and oxidation. A deeper understanding of these aspects can help researchers further design MXene‐based nanomaterials, or alleviate their oxidation. Finally, we offer insights into the future research directions of MXene from our perspective. This review could provide guidance for the design of novel MXene catalysts for industrial applications.
Tuning the Electronic Properties of Bridged Dithienyl‐, Difuryl‐, Dipyrrolyl‐Vinylene as Precursors of Small‐Bandgap Conjugated Polymer.
Authors: Garo Jordan , Nicolini Tommaso , Sotiropoulos Jean‐Marc , Raimundo Jean‐Manuel
Published: August 2024

Optoelectronic properties of linear π‐conjugated polymers/oligomers are of great importance for the fabrication of organic photonic and electronic devices. To this end, the π‐conjugated polymers/oligomers need to meet both optoelectronic and key structural properties in order to fulfill their implementation as active components. In particular, they need to possess low bandgap and high thermal, conformational, and photochemical stabilities. So far, several strategies have been developed to attain such requirements including the covalent and non‐covalent rigidification concepts of the π‐conjugated systems. On the basis of these findings, we describe herein the theoretical studies of novel series of covalently bridged derivatives demonstrating the benefits of the strategy. Comparison of these derivatives with compounds previously described in the literature highlights enhanced optoelectronic properties and behaviors that would be beneficial for the construction and development of new linear π‐conjugated polymers.
A Promising Approach to Target Colorectal Cancer Using Hybrid Triarylmethanes
Authors: Hadj Mohamed Ameni , Ricco Christophe , Pinon Aline , Lagarde Nathalie , Goya‐Jorge Elizabeth , Mouhsine Hadley , Msaddek Moncef , Liagre Bertrand , Sylla‐Iyarreta Veitía Maité
Published: August 2024

Aiming to create an innovative series of anti‐colorectal cancer agents, we designed in this work hybrid triarylmethane compounds. Three hybrid triarylmethanes and their corresponding N‐oxide analogues were successfully synthesized using an efficient procedure that involved connecting two triarylmethane molecules, through mono‐, bi‐, and triethylene glycol fragments. In our pursuit to develop more soluble molecules, we synthesized a hybrid triarylmethane featuring a lysine‐based spacer through a convergent strategy involving 7 steps. All hybrid compounds were assessed for their antiproliferative activity on human HT‐29 and HCT116 colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. Three pyridine N‐oxide analogs demonstrated notable antiproliferative potential among the set of tested compounds, with IC50 values ranging from 18 to 24 μM on both human CRC cell lines analyzed. A cytotoxicity study conducted on murine fibroblasts revealed that these three active compounds were not toxic at the IC50 values, indicating their suitability for further drug development. A docking study was conducted on two representative compounds, one for each series and protein kinase B (AKT) was identified as a potential target of their in anti‐cancer effects. A computational drug‐likeness study predicted favourable oral and intestinal absorption efficiency.
3D Porous Nanocellulose Based Filter from Palm Bunch Using Tert‐Butyl Alcohol‐Assisted Pore Inducive Technique for Airborne Particulate Matter Retention
Authors: Jahir Khan Mohd , Chaipanya Ratanaporn , Suksomboon Sudarat , Sonyeam Janejira , Posoknistakul Pattaraporn , Charnnok Boonya , Pongchaikul Pisut , Laosiripojana Navadol , Wu Kevin C.‐W. , Sakdaronnarong Chularat
Published: August 2024

Environmental hazards, especially particulates, and microbiological pollutants, have resulted in significant negative impacts on human health. In this study, 3D biodegradable cellulose filters were made from nanocellulose and tested for the removal efficiency of airborne particulates. Cellulose was first extracted from palm empty fruit bunches (EFBs) using green Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) under moderate temperature and then homogenized at high pressure to produce cellulose at the nanoscale size. Three types of renewable choline chloride (ChCl)‐based DESs were used: lactic acid, 1,3‐butanediol, and oxalic acid. The maximum cellulose yield from DES pretreatment was 38.78 % based on raw EFB (100 % cellulose yield based on cellulose in EFB) with ChBu60 C and the maximum nanocellulose yield was 68.49 % based on cellulose in EFB with ChLa80 C after 12‐pass high pressure homogenization. The cellulose air filter was fabricated using tert‐butyl alcohol (tBuOH) solvent exchanged under freeze‐drying conditions and characterized by different state‐of‐the‐art techniques. It was shown that the ChBu80 C filter had the lowest pressure drop (10.16 mmH2O or 2.07 mmH2O cm−2) and the maximum particle filtration efficiency (32.51 % for 0.1 μm and 93.63 % for 1.0 μm particles). The process simulation and techno‐economic analysis were performed for nanocellulose production and air filter fabrication to select the most feasible technology.
Comparative Study on the Electrocatalytic Activity of Transition Metal‐Doped Ni(OH)2 Microflowers for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Battiato Sergio , Urso Mario , Pellegrino Anna Lucia , Terrasi Antonio , Mirabella Salvo
Published: August 2024

Green hydrogen production by water splitting holds great potential as a clean and renewable source of energy for sustainable energy solutions. However, the efficiency of this process is hampered by the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Overcoming these kinetic hurdles requires the development of highly efficient electrocatalysts. This study explores the effect of transition metal doping on the electrocatalytic properties of Ni(OH)2 microflowers towards alkaline OER. Transition metal‐doped Ni(OH)2 microflowers, with highly porous structures due to interconnected nanosheets, are synthesized by a facile, cheap, and scalable chemical bath deposition (CBD), and combined with graphene paper (GP) substrates to fabricate electrodes. Through a systematic exploration of the relationship between the transition metal dopant element type (Mn, Fe, Co, Zn) or concentration and the consequent electrochemical properties, Co‐doping demonstrates improvement in the overpotential at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 (329 mV), Tafel slope (45 mV dec−1), and other key performance indicators of Ni(OH)2 microflowers for OER. These results are attributed to the high number of active sites and their enhanced electrocatalytic activity benefiting from the presence of the transition metal dopant. The proposed strategy paves the way for the development of cost‐effective and highly efficient electrocatalysts for water splitting technologies.