bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Recovery of Unpublished Field Notes of Theodore D. McCown’s Paleoanthropological Explorations in the Narmada River System, India, 1964–1965
Authors: Kennedy Kenneth A. R. , Langstroth Elizabeth
Published: June 2013

The 1982 discovery of the “Narmada Man” middle Pleistocene fossil cranial remains by geologist Arun Sonakia in the Narmada valley of India raised a number of questions about the crania’s antiquity, stratigraphic context, and nature of associated lithic cultural materials. Although archaeological research had been carried out in 1964–1965 in the region by a research team led by Theodore McCown from the University of California at Berkley, Dr. McCown’s untimely death left the results of the his team’s investigations unpublished and difficult to access by other scholars. Recently recovered field notes from this archaeological project, reporting on the locations of investigated sites, some specifics of the tools recovered and their probable cultural chronologies, and other observations significant to understanding the Palaeolithic prehistory of the Narmada valley, are presented by the authors along with commentary about significance of these field notes for future research in the region.
Traditional Corporate Group Economics in Southeast Asia: An Ethnographic Study with Archaeological Implications
Authors: Hayden Brian
Published: June 2013

From the late nineteenth century to the present, social scientists and archaeologists have been intrigued by village-level corporate groups living under a single roof. Yet remarkably little is known ethnographically about the internal economic and social dynamics of these groups or why such groups emerge at certain time periods or places. My research focuses on some of the last indigenous corporate groups in mainland Southeast Asia. I document the advantages corporate organizations provide for members (mainly risk reduction), the high costs often involved for members, the range of status and wealth within such groups, and the probable motivations of individuals for organizing corporate groups. I contrast the communitarian models with aggrandizer models for the creation of corporate groups, but note considerable variability within the corporate residential phenomenon. I postulate that residential corporate groups were probably much more widespread in the Neolithic and Metal Ages of Southeast Asia than historically was the case.
An Son and the Neolithic of Southern Vietnam
Authors: Bellwood Peter , Oxenham Marc , Hoang Bui Chi , Dzung Nguyen Kim , Willis Anna , Sarjeant Carmen , Piper Philip , Matsumura Hirofumi , Tanaka Katsunori , Beavan-Athfield Nancy , Higham Thomas , Manh Nguyen Quoc , Kinh Dang Ngoc , Kien Nguyen Khanh Trung , Huong Vo Thanh , Bich Van Ngoc , Quy Tran Thi Kim , Thao Nguyen Phuong , Campos Fredeliza , Sato Yo-Ichiro , Cuong Nguyen Lan , Amano Noel
Published: June 2013

Between 4500 and 3500 years ago, partially intrusive Neolithic populations in the riverine basins of mainland Southeast Asia began to form mounded settlements and to develop economies based on rice cultivation, fishing, hunting, and the domestication of animals, especially pigs and dogs. A number of these sites have been excavated in recent years and they are often large mounds that can attain several meters in depth, comprising successive layers of alluvial soil brought in periodically to serve as living floors. The site of An Son is of this type and lies in a small valley immediately north of the Mekong Delta in southern Vietnam. Excavated on five occasions since 1978, and most recently in 2009, it was occupied from the late third into the late second millennium b.c . An Son has produced evidence that attests the domestication of pigs and dogs in all layers apart (perhaps) from the most basal one, which was not investigated in 2009, together with the growing of rice of the subspecies Oryza sativa japonica , of Chinese Neolithic origin. The oldest pottery has simple incised and punctate zoned decoration with parallels in central Thailand, especially in the basal phases at Nong Nor and Khok Phanom Di. From its middle and later occupation phases (1800–1200 b.c .), An Son has produced a number of supine extended burials with finely decorated pottery grave goods that carry some unique forms, especially vessels with wavy or serrated rims. The An Son burials represent a Neolithic population that expressed a mixture of both indigenous Hoabinhian and more northerly (probably Neolithic southern Chinese) cranial and dental phenotypes, perhaps representing a likely ancestral population for some of the modern Austroasiatic-speaking populations of mainland Southeast Asia.
Mobility, Economic Strategies, and Social Networks: Investigating Movement in the Mewar Plain of Rajasthan
Authors: Raczek Teresa P.
Published: June 2013

Mobility is an important part of life for those who practice a variety of economic strategies including foraging, pastoralism, craft production, service provision, and performance. Studies of mobility can contribute to broader understandings of social networks, community formation, and social identity in South Asia during the first few millennia b.c ., a time of early social complexity. Previous ethnographic and archaeological research in the region shows a range of ways that mobile people form relationships with those who are more settled. In contrast to research that studies mobile people through the lens of sedentism, this study examines mobility directly, by focusing on the direction, range, and patterns of movement of the people who inhabited the site of Bagor (c. 5500 b.c. – a.d . 200) in Rajasthan, India. For much of its occupation, Bagor was used as a temporary camp by people with a high degree of mobility and a broad range of subsistence strategies. Although the links between Bagor and nearby permanent settlements have been clearly demonstrated, the direction, extent, and range of their movements during different time periods was previously unknown. This study examines the lithic raw materials from the 2001 re-excavations conducted by Deccan College (Pune) and pairs those results with a new survey of stone material sources in the region. Visual raw material analysis of the Bagor lithics indicate that local materials outnumber non-local materials and that approximately one-third of the Bagor chert artifacts may have come from regions to the south and southeast. In later time periods the use of non-local materials declines, which may reflect corresponding shifts in mobility. A comparison of the raw material distribution with the artifacts from Gilund, a contemporary sedentary settlement, shows a difference between their uses of raw material. Gilund utilized more local materials, and fewer non-local materials than Bagor.
Why Pope Joan?
Authors: Noble Thomas F. X.
Published: June 2013

For 700 years a tale has been told about an English woman who was elected pope in the mid-ninth century. Called Pope Joan, she supposedly was born in Mainz of English parents. Dressed as a man, she traveled to Athens with a lover, acquired an education, moved to Rome, impressed the cardinals (who did not know she was a woman), and was unanimously elected pope. While crossing the city in a procession she unexpectedly gave birth near the church of San Clemente, died on the spot, and was buried there. Joan’s story cannot be traced back to the ninth century. It arose in the thirteenth century and was universally believed until the sixteenth century. In succeeding historical periods the figure of Joan proved useful to many writers.
Aut numquid post annos mille quingentos docenda est Ecclesia Catholica quomodo sacrae imagines pingantur? : Post–Tridentine Image Reform and the Myth of Gabriele Paleotti
Authors: Noyes Ruth S.
Published: June 2013

The author attempts, by considering publication data and Gabriele Paleotti’s failed Discorso intorno alle imagini sacre e profane , to contribute to the further nuancing and remapping of the Catholic Reformation, via analysis of image reform. Evidence suggests that the Council of Trent, Rome, or the Curia were not perceived as initiating image reform; in fact, by 1600 some Catholic leaders regarded all three as reformatory failures. Publication data and the travesty of the Discorso bespeak the initial acentric, reactionary nature of post–Tridentine image reform, evoking an image of Rome and the Curia in which dissent held sway, even amongst purported figureheads of reform.
Philosemitism under a Darkening Sky: Judaism in the French Catholic Revival (1900–45)
Authors: Moore Brenna
Published: June 2013

The work of Charles Péguy (1873–1914), Léon Bloy (1846–1917), and especially Raïssa Maritain (1883–1960) provides insight regarding the relationship between French Jews and Catholics in the early-twentieth century. The author argues that these writers sought an alternative to both the secular laïcité respect for Jews that depended on suppressing Jewish particularity as a prelude to citizenship and the classic Christian contempt of Judaism. They created a highly aesthetic and imaginative philosemitic alternative that advocated the unity between Jews and Christians, and occasionally supported resistance to antisemitism. Yet these thinkers also employed essentialized images, emphasizing Jewish suffering and advocated, in some cases, conversions to Christianity.
“Kind of a Secular Sacrament”: Father Geno Baroni, Monsignor John J. Egan, and the Catholic War on Poverty
Authors: Bauman Robert
Published: June 2013

The author argues that social activist Catholic priests such as John J. Egan and Geno Baroni created a Catholic War on Poverty through Catholic civil rights organizations that included the National Catholic Conference of Interracial Justice and the development of community antipoverty organizations. Informed by the theology and social teachings of the Second Vatican Council, Egan, Baroni, and others saw the national War on Poverty as an extension of the civil rights movement. Their efforts led to the eventual formation of the Campaign for Human Development, the Catholic Church’s official antipoverty organization that continues to fight poverty in the twenty-first century.
Exploring the Potential of Data Collected Under the Federal Contractors Programme to Construct a National Picture of Visible Minority and Aboriginal Faculty in Canadian Universities
Authors: Dua Enakshi , Bhanji Nael
Published: June 2013

Based on data collected for the Federal Contractors Compliance Program contained on university websites, this paper attempts to make some informed and accurate assessments of the representation of racialized and Aboriginal faculty. Its preliminary findings reveal that there are significant variations among universities in the percentage of visible minorities and Aboriginal faculty; that there is a relationship between Employment Equity policies and higher percentages of visible minorities and Aboriginal faculty; that the expectation that “visible minorities” and Aboriginal faculty would be over-represented among contract faculty does not hold for “visible minorities” and that racialized and Aboriginal faculty tend to be clustered in certain faculties. Further research and more disaggregated data is, however, required to confirm these initial findings.

À partir des données collectées pour le Programme de conformité des contrats fédéraux offert sur les sites Internet universitaires, nous tentons dans cet article d’établir de manière éclairée et exacte la présence d’un corps professoral racialisé et autochtone. Nos premiers résultats révèlent des variations importantes parmi les diverses universités en ce qui concerne le pourcentage des minorités visibles et des Premières nations dans leur faculté, la relation entre les politiques d’équité de l’emploi et une proportion plus élevée des unes et des autres, une conjecture que toutes deux seraient surreprésentées au sein des professeurs sous contrat qui ne tient pas pour les dites «minorités visibles», mais qui est confirmée quant à un corps professoral racialisé et autochtone tendant à être regroupé dans certaines facultés. Il faudrait cependant une recherche plus avancée et plus de données désagrégées avant de pouvoir confirmer ces résultats préliminaires.
Indigenous Faculty at Canadian Universities: Their Stories
Authors: Henry Frances
Published: June 2013

This paper is based on twenty-three interviews conducted with Indigenous faculty at ten universities in Canada. Only .9% of total university faculty are Indigenous. While Indigenous faculty shared some concerns with racialized faculty such as under-representation, the lack of diversity among senior administration, and the policies around tenure and promotion decisions, most of their apprehensions were unique to their Indigenous heritage and cultural lifestyle. In the first instance, their few numbers are highly concentrated in certain disciplines—the so-called helping disciplines such as social work, education and law. Most of their studies are taught in programs as there are very few departments. Issues such as who should teach Indigenous studies; the design of Indigenous curriculum and whether Indigenous studies should be mainstreamed or “ghettoized” in separate areas of the university were highlighted. They also feared the loss of personal identity as an Indigenous people. A critical concern for Indigenous faculty is that their research is primarily within their own communities and, as such, is not valued or legitimated for tenure and promotion purposes. Some also expressed the view that their entire discipline—Indigenous studies—was not considered a true university discipline.

Cet article s’appuie sur 33 entrevues menées auprès de professeurs autochtones dans dix universités canadiennes. Ces derniers ne font que 9% de l’ensemble du corps professoral universitaire. Bien qu’ils aient certains problèmes en commun avec leurs collègues des minorités visibles, comme ceux de la sous-représentation, le manque de diversité dans la haute administration et les politiques portant sur la titularisation et les promotions, ils s’inquiètent quant à eux beaucoup plus de leur héritage indigènes et leur mode de vie culturel. Avant tout, leur petit nombre est fortement concentré dans certaines disciplines – dites «de service au public», comme le travail social, l’éducation et la loi. Vu le peu de départements d’Études autochtones, celles-ci sont pour la plupart seulement enseignées dans des programmes. Elles sont aussi l’objet d’autres questions dont : qui devrait les enseigner, la détermination du curriculum et si on devrait les intégrer à l’ensemble des autres cours ou les «ghettoïser» dans des zones séparées de l’université. Ils craignent aussi la perte de leur identité en tant que peuples indigènes. L’inquiétude essentielle du corps professoral autochtone vient de ce que leurs recherches ont avant tout lieu au sein de leur propre communauté et qu’en tant que telles, elles ne reçoivent ni validation, ni légitimation pour obtenir une titularisation et des promotions. Quelques uns de ses membres ont aussi exprimé leur opinion que le domaine dans son entier – à savoir les études autochtones – n’est pas considéré comme une véri-table discipline universitaire.
Strategies of Engagement: How Racialized Faculty Negotiate the University System
Authors: James Carl E.
Published: June 2013

The demands of the academic profession and the ways that universities are increasingly shaped by the neoliberal ideologies of competitiveness, individualism, and conformity, influence how racialized faculty perceive their experiences within universities and position themselves to effectively navigate and/or resist the assimilating terrain. The findings from an analysis of approximately eighty-nine interviews with racialized faculty members in universities across Canada indicate that racialized faculty members employ three strategic tendencies—compliance, pragmatism, and critical participation—to maintain their presence in their universities and assert their role as professors, and, in so doing, conform to, resist, and/or transform the institution.

Les exigences de la carrière universitaire et l’orientation des universités de plus en plus marquée par les idéologies libérales de compétitivité, d’individualisme et de conformité, influencent la manière dont le corps professoral racialisé perçoit son expérience au sein de son institution et se positionne afin de louvoyer avec quelque efficacité et/ou de résister à ce terrain assimilateur. Les résultats de l’analyse d’environ quatre-vingt-neuf entrevues avec ses membres partout au Canada indiquent qu’ils suivent stratégiquement trois tendances – soumission, pragmatisme et participation critique – pour maintenir leur présence dans leurs établissements et affirmer leur rôle de professeurs ainsi que, ce faisant, se conformer à l’institution, y résister et/ou la transformer.
Differences in Employment Income of University Professors
Authors: Li Peter S.
Published: June 2013

This paper analyzes the employment earnings of university professors in Canada to see if visible minority status affects earnings. Using detailed data from the Analytical File of the 2006 Census of Canada, the study compares the earnings of professors of eight non-white groups to the earnings of white professors, controlling for gender. The findings indicate that most visible minority professors, male and female, earned less than their white counterparts before individual characteristics are controlled, and the earnings disparities, albeit in smaller magnitudes, remain after other differences are adjusted. Since productivity, not measured, may affect earnings, the study performs another analysis on young professors under the age of 32. The analysis shows the same pattern: visible minority status affects net earnings after other factors have been controlled. The study concludes that it is difficult to attribute residual earnings disparities to unequal racial treatment since productivity is not measured. However, it is equally hard to dismiss unequal racial treatment since the same pattern is also found among professors in the early stage of their career where productivity differences tend to be much smaller.

Dans cet article, nous analysons les revenus d’emploi des professeurs d’université au Canada pour voir si l’appartenance à une minorité visible en influence le niveau. À partir des données détaillées du Dossier analytique du recensement du Canada de 2006, nous comparons dans cette étude les gains de professeurs de huit groupes de couleur avec ceux de huit groupes de Blancs, tout en tenant compte du sexe. D’après les résultats, les professeurs des minorités les plus visibles, hommes et femmes, étaient moins rémunérés que ceux de race blanche, et ce, avant de faire cas des caractéristiques individuelles, et les disparités dans ces revenus restent, même si elles sont de moindre magnitude, une fois que d’autres différences sont ajustées. Étant donné que la productivité, non évaluée, peut affecter les rémunérations, cette étude comprend aussi une autre analyse qui porte sur les jeunes professeurs de moins de 32 ans. Cette analyse met en évidence le même modèle : l’appartenance à une minorité visible joue un rôle sur le salaire net, une fois les autres facteurs pris en compte. Il résulte de cette étude qu’il est difficile d’attribuer les disparités résiduelles de revenu à un traitement racial inégal, étant donné que la productivité n’est pas mesurée. Il est cependant tout aussi ardu de rejeter l’existence d’une telle inégalité, vu que la même tendance se retrouve aussi chez les professeurs en début de carrière, quand les différences de productivité ont tendance à être moindres.
Banished with No Force: Exile and Metonymy in Cicero's Pro Caecina Oratio
Authors: Zorić Vladimir
Published: June 2013

This article explores the use of metonymic force in exilic practices during the late period of the Roman republic. This type of force is shown to be fundamentally different from the one deployed in sacratio as defined by Agamben. While homo sacer is displaced from law but remains within the reach of sovereign power, metonymic force takes advantage of one's voluntary departure into a different jurisdiction and aims to prolong and perpetuate this displacement. This paradigm is explored in two case studies brought forward in Cicero's speech Pro Caecina: aquae et ignis interdictio in Roman criminal law and deiectio in private property suits. In both cases, force is encoded―and made unaccountable―in a rhetorical way, through the reversal of contiguity relations in space and time. Finally, by looking at Cicero's own exile, the article argues that metonymic force does more than effecting displacement within discrete legal realms; it also brings a surreptitious displacement of exile's restitutive claims from one realm into another.
Sensus Communis: On the Possibility of Dissent in Kant's "Universal Assent"
Authors: Hicks John
Published: June 2013

This essay examines the concept of sensus communis (common sense) in Kantian aesthetic theory. Kant argues that sensus communis , and in particular the “universal assent” or agreement of others to an individual’s judgments of taste, is necessary to ground the communicability of subjective aesthetic judgments. The community of others invoked in these expressions of common sense, however, remains entirely virtual, and both Kant and his later readers (most notably Jean-François Lyotard) express uneasiness about extending the theoretical framework to describe empirical aesthetic communities. As a result, the possibility of aesthetic communities built around dissent or disagreement rather than universal agreement appears to be ungrounded, or at least underdeveloped. The essay proposes several possibilities for grounding such dissent on Kantian terms, and concludes with a discussion of recent works by Rei Terada and Daniel Heller-Roazen that explore similar questions, albeit from perspectives that are explicitly outside the Kantian framework. Rethinking and refining the function of sensus communis emerges as a crucial task in the formation of an aesthetic theory that allows judgments to be shared and communicated while still leaving room for disagreement and debate and limiting the coercive demand for agreement.
Affective Disorder
Authors: Egginton William
Published: June 2013

The current deployment of the concept of affect suffers from a disjunction between its potential utility and the promise projected on it by contemporary theorists. Specifically, the power of the vocabulary inspired by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari's interventions of the 1970s—and stemming from Deleuze's earlier engagements with the philosophy of Baruch Spinoza—implicitly and at times explicitly invokes the promise that a critical perspective focused on affect can avoid the pitfalls of individual subjectivity and symbolic mediation in elucidating a dimension of relations between persons or beings that is direct or immediate. A coherent understanding of the concept of affect, however, demonstrates that its dimension is properly defined by the thorough interpenetration of bodies and mediation and, perhaps most strikingly, by how the limits imposed by subjectivity's horizon of opacity in turn affect the subject in corporeal ways. To the extent that theories of affect have hoped for new ethical possibilities to emerge from a thinking oriented toward the affective dimension, those theories must grapple with the paradoxes of mediation that already bedeviled the attempts early modern thinkers like David Hume and Adam Smith to understand how feelings are transferred from one individual to another. What these debates intuited was how ethical questions are, by their very nature, inextricably bound to the subject's blindness as to the desires and intentions of others and, ultimately, to important aspects of his or her own as well. While the transmission of affect is both real and a profoundly important quality of communication, the question the human being faces of what I ought to do not only cannot be relieved by such communications, it rebounds mercilessly on the affects and remains a relentless engine of our affective lives.
Subjectivity at the Limit: Velázquez, Kant, Levinas
Authors: Basterra Gabriela
Published: June 2013

Kant’s critical philosophy defines its main theoretical and practical areas of inquiry—the power of cognition and the power of desire—by conceiving of the idea of freedom as a limit. This essay explores how in being constituted by freedom the subject plays the function of the limit that enables theoretical thought. It examines the constitution of subjectivity from three different standpoints. “Incessant Perspective,” a reflection on art’s ability to signify what exceeds representation in Velázquez’s painting Las Meninas , underscores the productivity of self-consciousness but also on the optical illusion that allows self-consciousness to emerge. “Subjectivity at the Limit” turns to Kant’s third antinomy in the Critique of Pure Reason to examine the introduction of the idea of freedom as the limit that enables the smooth functioning of thought by bounding it. But explaining how freedom constitutes ethical subjects whose acts introduce freedom’s effects in the world lies beyond reason’s reach. “Trace of a Wandering Cause” explores the emergence of ethical subjectivity in Levinas’s Otherwise than Being . A rhetorical reading suggests that Levinas’s language performs the subjectivity as substitution his argument evokes. Here Kant’s theoretical and practical approaches to freedom meet. The ethical subject that emerges by substituting itself for the excess-other that constitutes it (freedom) is the same subject that from a theoretical perspective substitutes itself for the unconditioned cause (freedom). The concluding section, “Autonomy or Being Inspired,” defines autonomy with Levinas as believing oneself the author of a law one has received and saying it in one’s voice.
The Speech Act of Swearing: Gregory of Nazianzus’s Oath in Poema 2.1.2 in Context
Authors: Rebillard Suzanne Abrams
Published: June 2013

Gregory of Nazianzus’s Poemata de seipso as a group are labeled “autobiography” erroneously. 2.1.2 provides a strong case study: it is formally structured as an oath, to be sworn by a bishop but with no definitive identification of speaker. As an oath it is well suited to the application of speech act theory, which allows for interpretations with Gregory and/or any orthodox bishop as speaker. When further considered in light of other oaths as compositional models—professional (e.g. Hippocratic), magisterial, imperial loyalty, biblical—the poem’s scope expands beyond the “autobiographer” to encompass the episcopate and fourth-century culture more broadly.
The Matriarch as Model: Sarah, the Cult of the Saints, and Social Control in a Syriac Homily of Pseudo-Ephrem
Authors: Eastman David L.
Published: June 2013

The creative re-telling of biblical stories represents an important element of reception history, for texts take on new meanings in these generative contexts. This article explores the presentation of Sarah in an account of the Aqedah found in a fifth-century Syriac verse homily. The pseudonymous author features Sarah prominently, in particular her longing to commemorate Isaac after his apparent death. Here Sarah’s desires are specifically couched in the language of the cult of the saints, making her a model of late antique female piety. However, her activities are also restricted by the voice of Abraham, and she willingly concedes. I argue that the author of this homily presents Sarah as a model of female piety but also female subservience, in order to reinforce patriarchal control over female itinerancy and cultic practice.
Watchful Greeks and Lazy Romans: Disciplining Sleep in Late Antiquity
Authors: Dossey Leslie
Published: June 2013

Although sleep asceticism is recognized to have been an important part of Greek monastic culture in late antiquity, there has been little research on the relationship between Christian and secular attitudes toward sleep. A comparison of medical, philosophical, and patristic theories of sleep reveals important differences between Latin and Greek texts, whether Christian or non-Christian. Greek authors portrayed sleep as a pathos that suppressed the rational part of the soul, whereas most Latin authors believed that the mind remained wide-awake during sleep. Also involved are divergent social norms regarding sleep as an expression of elite power.
A Jewish Critique of Christianity from Second-Century Alexandria: Revisiting the Jew Mentioned in Contra Celsum
Authors: Niehoff Maren R.
Published: June 2013

This article proposes to read all the fragments that Origen identified as belonging to the section of “Celsus’s Jew” in The True Doctrine as deriving from a written document composed by an Alexandrian Jew in the mid-second century. The author of these fragments emerges as an educated and highly scholarly writer with an Alexandrian background, who was alarmed by the situation of the Jewish community following a significant spread of Christianity, which was accompanied by separatist theology. The anonymous Jewish author thus produced the first literary critique of the Gospels, which is of significant value for our understanding of the “parting of the ways.” Moreover, I suggest that these fragments should be interpreted in light of both earlier forms of Alexandrian Judaism as well as the Letter of Barnabas.
Living above Gender: Insights from Saint Maximus the Confessor
Authors: Costache Doru
Published: June 2013

Sometimes, one finds in the Maximian corpus passages that reprimand gender, womanhood, marriage, sexuality, and pleasure. Analyzing some relevant texts, mainly from his Ambigua , this article proposes that the Confessor did not dismiss gender-related themes. Drawing on Paul, Gregory of Nyssa, and his own experience of holiness, Maximus was concerned with the misuse of gender in humanity’s sinful condition, and with its virtuous restoration. He worked within a holistic, realistic, and spiritual framework, which led him to construe the spiritual lifestyle not as an abolishment of gender, marriage, and pleasure, but as a dispassionate and compassionate experience of human life.
Myanmar: The 2011 Elections and Political Participation
Authors: Lall Marie , Win Hla Hla
Published: June 2013

The concept of citizenship is directly linked to the changing nature of the nation-state (Joppke 2007; Kivisto and Faist 2007; Mitra 2011). While there is a debate if citizenship can exist under a military dictatorship, the shift from Myanmar’s military junta to a parliamentary system heavily dominated by the military poses new questions about the concept of citizenship in that country.

The research aims to be a first step in exploring the concept of citizenship in Myanmar, i.e., an individual’s relationship with the state and his/her understanding of rights, responsibilities, and in particular, political participation in light of the re-creation of a multi-party system and the 2010 elections. The article proposes to discuss young Myanmar’s’ self-articulation of their relationship with the state, focusing in particular on the perceptions held by those in their early to late twenties, all of whom were first-time voters.

The research uses a mixed-methods approach. In the year preceding the elections, a questionnaire with qualitative and quantitative sections was distributed at a private higher education institution in Yangon (in English), where 54 questionnaires out of 55 were returned, and in villages in the Delta (in Burmese), where 49 out of 55 were returned. A second set of data was collected in Yangon in February 2011 after the elections and the first sitting of the parliaments but before the handover of power from the SPDC to the new government on the March 30, 2011. The data consisted of focus groups with young people of Bamar and ethnic minority origin. Three in-depth interviews with civil society leaders were also conducted to illustrate some of the salient issues.

The article concludes that the concept of citizenship in Myanmar is very thin and often pertains to passports and identity cards. The elections have allowed for some form of political participation, which was readily embraced by the younger generation. There seems to be a range of views held by the youth who took part in the focus groups. While there was at the time apprehension about how much change there would be, many agreed that the structural change and the embryonic political processes are a necessary and positive step in the right direction. While the discussion started an initial debate about rights and duties, the act of voting and taking part in wider political processes were not linked to the concept of citizenship, indicating how much more work needs to be done to increase the political literacy of the youth in Myanmar as the country moves forward.
Bearing Witness: Edith Wharton’s The Book of the Homeless
Authors: Goodman Susan
Published: June 2013

During World War I, Edith Wharton edited The Book of the Homeless, a propagandist effort for the Allies. Designed to raise money and spur American intervention, it influenced the course of her fiction throughout the 1920s.
Cautionary Whales?: Adolescence and Genre in Juno and Push
Authors: McLennan Rachael
Published: June 2013

By way of exploring Kenneth Millard’s arguments about adolescence and genre, this essay examines representations of the pregnant adolescent. It also considers Millard’s claims of the possibilities of social change effected by both novels and adolescents and argues that metaphor is central to constructions of adolescence in American culture.
Possibles: Of Blodgett/Brault
Authors: Marrouchi Mustapha
Published: June 2013

This essay reflects on a consciousness that is deeply concerned about the ecosystem. Better still, it finds evidence of an eco-poetic grounding in spatial practices that challenge the very nature of space as defined by philosophy.
Realism and the Discursive Dynamics of the Popular Periodical, 1900–1930
Authors: Casey Janet G.
Published: June 2013

This essay explores the material situation of literary realism within the competing articulations of real-ness characterizing the mass-disseminated periodical in the early twentieth century. Drawing on Ladies’ Home Journal and The Farmer’s Wife, I demonstrate the role of modern periodical structure in framing, refining, and stretching boundaries of “the real.”
Hiding in Plain Sight: Problems of Modernist Self-Representation in the Encounter Between Adolf Loos and Josephine Baker
Authors: Svendsen Christina
Published: June 2013

Modernist Adolf Loos designed a house for Josephine Baker that she refused to build. This encounter, and a series of Baker “memoirs” authored by other people, form the basis for a reconsideration of her artistry as well as the role of primitivism and performance art in the development of modernism.
Making the Real Appear: Schmitt’s Enigma Variations as a “Traversal of the Fantasy”
Authors: Wolfe Graham
Published: June 2013

This essay draws upon the recent work of Alenka Zupančič and Slavoj Žižek to explore Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt’s Enigma Variations. The play gives acute expression to their “Lacanian” mode of comedy, staging a “traversal of the fantasy” that gestures toward new modes of configuring the sublime and confronting the Real.
Living in Different Universes: Autism and Race in Robinson’s Gilead and Home
Authors: Petit Susan
Published: June 2013

Using research and theory from sociology, social psychology, disability studies, and psychiatry, this essay argues that Jack Boughton in Marilynne Robinson’s novels Gilead and Home exhibits autism spectrum disorder, and, further, that the way society has turned his impairment into a disability represents the action of white racism on many African Americans.
Melancholy and Hüzün in Orhan Pamuk’s Istanbul
Authors: Helvacioglu Banu
Published: June 2013

This essay examines melancholy/hüzün in three overlapping contexts: as a historical condition of modernity, in aesthetic production, and as a cultural condition. In Pamuk’s writing, melancholizing becomes a creative device to explore European and Islamic influences on historical and aesthetic connotations of hüzün that the city holds in its essence.
The City and its Ontology in Lawrence Durrell’s Alexandria Quartet
Authors: Morrison Ray
Published: June 2013

Durrell situates his version of Alexandria on a cosmogonic site as limned by Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu. For more than twenty years, Durrell had been studying these Taoist philosophers whose ontological views opened new doors for him so that he could write about the self in the way he wished.
The Uses of Genre and the Classification of Speculative Fiction
Authors: Gill R.B.
Published: June 2013

Optimally, a definition of speculative fiction will promote interpretation by suggesting affinities with similar explorations of human imagination and values. The looseness of the category provides opportunity for examination of varieties of classification and uses of genre.
Peacemaker; The Foraker Act and the Poetry of Evaristo Ribera Chevremont
Authors: Trigo Benigno
Published: June 2013

Este ensayo es un estudio sobre un libro temprano de poesía vanguardista del poeta puertorriqueño Evaristo Ribera Chevremont: El hondero lanzó la piedra. Se discute el efecto de la primera constitución de Puerto Rico bajo la bandera Norteamericana en este libro en particular, y en la expresión cultural del Puerto Rico de las primeras dos décadas del siglo veinte. Se sugiere que la ley del Acta Foraker le permitió al sujeto puertorriqueño hacer las paces con su recuerdo de la ley bajo el régimen español, y también hacer las paces con un recuerdo de una ley más arcáica que exige obediencia a un deseo irresistible.
Unpacking the Libraries of Post-Soviet Cuba
Authors: Unruh Vicky
Published: June 2013

A partir de las renombradas “Palabras a los intelectuales” (1961) pronunciadas por Fidel Castro en la Biblioteca Nacional José Martí y la creación de una red de bibliotecas estatales, la biblioteca en Cuba se transformó en una esfera cultural saturada de ambigüedad ideológica. Por una parte, la biblioteca constituía el eje simbólico de las campañas de alfabetización y de lectura como núcleo catalizador del voluntarismo revolucionario y la imaginada solidaridad entre cubanos de distintas clases sociales. Pero la biblioteca también concretaba el escenario fundacional de la relación reiteradamente incierta entre el estado y los intelectuales y encarnada en la directiva “dentro de la Revolución todo; contra la Revolución, nada”. En este contexto, la representación de la biblioteca en la literatura y el cine de la época pos-soviética re-escenifica inconclusos debates entre la libertad de expresión y el contrato social. Valiéndose de conceptos de Foucault, de Certeau, y Benjamin, este análisis demuestra que la reciente producción cultural cubana revigoriza la biblioteca como espacio de negociación ideológica en una época de expectativas precarias y reactiva conversaciones culturales sobre la clase social y la democratización; la propiedad cultural individual o colectiva; y el ideal revolucionario de la inmersión ciudadana en la vida cultural.
Modern Spain, a Myth: Regeneration Through Reeducation in Santiago Ramón y Cajal’s Cuentos de vacaciones (1905)
Authors: Davis Ryan A.
Published: June 2013

Este ensayo explora el pensamiento regeneracionista de Santiago Ramón y Cajal en sus Cuentos de vacaciones (1905). Se mantiene aquí que “La casa maldita” y “El hombre natural y el hombre artificial” pueden leerse como una alegoría de la España del fin de siglo . En “La casa maldita”, el científico indiano Julián pretende convencer a Inés de que adopte la misma perspectiva científica del mundo que él tiene. Asimismo, se dispone a regenerar su quinta degenerada, a la que ha dado el sugestivo apodo de Villa Inés . Así, este cuento sirve simultáneamente como modelo para la regeneración de un lugar en el texto ( Villa Inés ) y de España. En este sentido, Inés representa metafóricamente a los españoles tradicionales. Por su parte, la historia de Esperaindeo Carcabuey en “El hombre natural” vale como un relato de advertencia, ya que cuenta su vida fracasada, que él enlaza directamente con su educación inferior (impregnada como ésta fue de metafísica y no ciencia). Sólo adoptando el progresismo de Jaime logra Esperaindeo cambiar el rumbo de su vida. Por lo tanto, en ambos textos Cajal vincula la re-educación de los personajes con su interés más abarcador en la regeneración nacional. En vista del impulso alegórico de estos textos, se puede afirmar que Cuentos constituye un mito fundacional sobre el que Cajal puede construir su visión de una España moderna.
El pecado del escándalo: : Dandismo y modernidad en Fernando Vallejo
Authors: Aristizábal Peraza Juanita C.
Published: June 2013

Este artículo se aproxima al narrador de Fernando Vallejo, una de las voces más polémicas y excéntricas en la literatura latinoamericana contemporánea. Mi lectura parte de los vínculos entre su narrativa y los discursos de fin de siglo XIX y se concentra en particular en el que representa su regreso a la personalidad cultural y literaria del dandy decadente finisecular a partir de la cual construye al desacomodado, nostálgico y provocador viejo que narra sus novelas. Propongo que el regreso de Vallejo a un personaje que Baudelaire inmortalizó como el “intérprete de la modernidad” abre posibles sentidos para las desconcertantes heterodoxias y anacronismos que constituyen un desafío para cualquier aproximación a su obra. Me ocupo de las dimensiones estéticas y políticas que la noción de la pose, la simulación y la ironía decadente tienen en su escritura, y de la relación de estas nociones con la crítica política y cultural del proyecto moderno que se articula en la obra de Vallejo.
Shantytown Vistas and Immigrant Voices: Bernardo Verbitsky, Kenneth Kemble and the Art of Overcoming Peronism
Authors: Buttes Stephen
Published: June 2013

Este ensayo propone leer Villa Miseria también es América (1957) de Bernardo Verbitsky como una propuesta para superar el binario político-afectivo de la revolución anti-peronista de la década del 1950. En primer lugar, se argumenta que el personaje José Rodríguez, estudiante de izquierda torturado por el régimen peronista, puede entenderse como un retrato del artista comprometido. Luego, se establecen conexiones entre los intereses estéticos de este personaje y los del movimiento de vanguardia informalista, haciendo hincapié en la serie de collages Paisajes suburbanos (1958–61) de Kenneth Kemble. Al comparar los materiales que componen los paisajes villeros que produce Kemble y los materiales que le interesan al personaje, el ensayo afirma que Verbitsky privilegia los nuevos elementos culturales producidos en la villa. Estos elementos se producen mediante las interacciones fragmentadas entre una comunidad de inmigrantes paraguayos, hablantes del guaraní, y los migrantes argentinos hispanohablantes. La presentación de estos nuevos materiales obliga a que los espectadores y los lectores superen su tendencia a entender las villas miseria y los sectores populares dentro del “régimen emocional” del (anti)peronismo y que interpreten en cambio esas mismas realidades mediante nuevas categorías culturales que emergen de la nueva economía global de la Guerra Fría.
De la utopía de la edad dorada al paraíso “caníbal” en Los perros del paraíso (1983) de Abel Posse
Authors: Ruiz Héctor Alfonso Melo
Published: June 2013

Este artículo analiza la novela Los perros del paraíso (1983) del escritor argentino Abel Posse. El objetivo principal de este ensayo es ver cómo en dicha novela se re-evalúan varios imaginarios coloniales constitutivos de la lógica “moderna” europea, que se abre con el Descubrimiento de América en 1492. Este estudio examina, entonces, cómo Los perros del paraíso reconstruye, integra, parodia y cuestiona algunos de estos imaginarios coloniales y cómo establece, ficcionalmente, conjeturas críticas al discurso colonial europeo. El trabajo explora elementos tales como: el Descubrimiento, la utopía paradisiaca, el buen salvaje, la creación del tropo caníbal , la “destemporalidad” del indígena americano, la representación de la otredad, el consumo europeo, entre otros.
Carlos Fuentes, Reader of the Enlightenment
Authors: Reid Marc Olivier
Published: June 2013

En este ensayo pretendo destacar la importancia de la Ilustración en la obra de Carlos Fuentes, especialmente en “El secreto de Diderot”; La campaña; Valiente mundo nuevo. Épica, utopía y mito en la novela hispanoamericana y El espejo enterrado. Estos textos, publicados alrededor de 1990, dialogan con la crítica posmoderna de la Ilustración, crítica que ataca y/o deconstruye el “proyecto ilustrado” en las últimas dos décadas del siglo XX. Me propongo revaluar este diálogo enfatizando los puntos de contacto intertextuales entre la obra de Fuentes y las obras de Condorcet, Rousseau, Voltaire y Diderot. Las lecturas que hace el escritor mexicano de las obras filosóficas y de ficción de dichos filósofos dejan ver, además, que Fuentes se inscribe en una larga tradición europea y latinoamericana que rechaza o pone en duda los ideales de la Ilustración, una tradición evidentemente anterior al pensamiento posmoderno. Finalmente, al centrarme en la presencia de filósofos ilustrados en la novelística y ensayística fuentesianas, se esclarecen los valores culturales y políticos del escritor mexicano, orientados hacia un ideal de democracia plural.
Western Healing Churches
Authors: Dericquebourg Régis
Published: June 2013

In addition to well-known old and new healing churches, such as Christian Science and the French movement Invitation to Life, many small local healing churches exist in contemporary society. In past research, I have demonstrated that the healing churches constitute a well-delimited subfield in global religions, and constructed an ideal-type of them. However, on consideration of so-called “traditional” or “primitive” societies, and consideration of healing practices in modern societies, we find spiritual healing is common to both. Thus, we may ask the question: Are the recent healing churches a resurgence of archaic healing practices? The answered depends on the application of a comparative perspective. It is concluded that the two social phenomena, healing conducted by medicine men and shamans I traditional societies and healing conducted within contemporary Wester healing churches, are cannot be equated because they are governed by two different underlying rationales. t Ease with Modernity/ Hypermodernity
Discordian Magic
Authors: Cusack Carole
Published: June 2013

Discordianism, founded in 1957 and generally regarded as a “parody religion,” has only recently received scholarly consideration as a valid religious expression within modern Paganism (Cusack 2010). Yet ritual practice within Discordianism remains largely unexamined; Hugh Urban’s brief discussion of Discordian magical workings as a sub-category of Chaos Magic is the extent of academic discussion of the subject to date (Urban 2006). This article elaborates on Urban’s tantalising classification of Discordian magic. A brief history of Discordianism is sketched; then ritual and magic in the Discordian tradition is explored through an examination of key texts, including Malaclypse the Younger’s Principia Discordia (1965), and Robert Shea and Robert Anton Wilson’s Illuminatus! Trilogy (1975). Similarities between Chaos Magic and Discordianism are noted, and an analysis of Thee Temple ov Psychick Youth (TOPY), a magical order founded by British performance artist Genesis P-Orridge and others in 1981, elucidates the relationship between Chaos Magic and Discordian magic. It is argued that the essentially unorganised nature of Chaos Magic and Discordianism, and the trenchant resistance of both to any form of “orthodoxy,” justifies classifying Discordian magic as a form of Chaos Magic. Chaos magicians and Discordians both have a deconstructive and monistic worldview, in which binary oppositions collapse into undifferentiated oneness, and neither conformity of belief nor unity of practice is required to be an “authentic” Discordian or Chaote.