bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MANAJEMEN PEMASARAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF MASLAHAH MURSALAH
Authors: Hendra Rofiullah Ahmad , Riesty Kurnia
Published: January 2024

Maslahah mursalah merupakan jalan yang ditempuh hukum Islam untuk menerapkan kaidah-kaidah dan perintah-Nya terhadap peristiwa baru yang tidak ada nashnya. Disamping itu, maslahah mursalah juga menjadi jalan dalam menetapkan aturan yang harus ada dalam perjalanan hidup umat manusia, agar sesuai dengan maqashid syariah ammah (pemeliharan terhadap agama, jiwa, akal, keturunan dan harta), dan satu perbuatan yang pada intinya untuk memelihara kelima aspek tujuan syara tersebut, maka dinamakan maslahah. Konsep maslahah mursalah tidak hanya terbatas pada masalah ibadah, tetapi juga masalah ekonomi (muamalah). Dalam hal ini maka permasalahan yang akan diangkat dalam tulisan ini yaitu mengenai manajemen pemasaran dalam perspektif maslahah mursalah. penelitian terkait strategi pemasaran perspektif maslahah mursalah. Adapun langkah-langkah yang perlu dilaksanakan saat menggunakan model studi kepustakaan adalah yang pertama, peneliti disini melakukan observasi dan menganalisis fenomena yang terjadi terkait topik penulisan artikel. Kedua, sumber data berasal dari data empiris dari dokumen resmi. Ketiga, menentukan fokus penelitian yang berdasar pada literatur yang diperoleh. Keempat, mengkaji berbagai sumber literatur untuk menemukan ide-ide baru terkait dengan penelitian yang hendak dilakukan. Peneliti memperoleh data yang bersumber dari literatur-literatur resmi yang relevan dengan topik penelitian seperti jurnal, buku, atau artikel ilmiah. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa manajemen pemasaran berdasarkan maslahah mursalah adalah sebagai analisis, perencanaan, penerapan, dan pengendalian program yang dirancang untuk menciptakan, membangun, dan mempertahankan pertukaran yang menguntungkan dengan pasar sasaran dengan maksud untuk -mencapai tujuan tujuan organisasi dengan memperhatikan nilai-nilai syariah yang berupa maslahah, keadilan dan mengedepankan adanya konsep rahmat dan ridha, baik dari penjual dan pembeli, sampai dari Allah SWT.
STRATEGI PROMOSI DALAM MENINGKATKAN LOYALITAS KONSUMEN PADA MINIMARKET BASMALAH DI KABUPATEN JEMBER
Authors: Raharto Eko , Supriyanto  , Dienillah Izzah
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan pentingnya Promosi  dalam meningkatkan minat keputusan pembelian dan loyalitas konsumen pada minimarket al Mubarok di kabupaten  Jember. Dalam penelitian ini diungkapkan bahwa promosi memiliki signifikasi positif terhadap dan loyalitas konsumen pada minimarket Basmalah di kabupaten  Jember. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis apakah promosi berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian dan loyalitas konsumen pada minimarket Basmalah di kabupaten  Jember. Penelitian yang dilakukan di minimarket Basmalah di kabupaten  Jember dengan mengambil sampel sebanyak 100 konsumen. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan explanatory research atau confirmatory research yaitu penelitian yang menjelaskan hubungan kausal dan menguji keterkaitan antara beberapa variable melalui pengujian hipotesis atau penelitian penjelasan. Cara pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian adalah menggunakan metode accidental sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan Wawancara, Observasi, Dokumentasi dan Angket. Validitas dan Reliabilitas Instrumen menggunakan Uji Validitas dan Uji Reliabilitas. Metode Analisis Data menggunakan  Analisis Jalur (Path Analysis), Uji Asumsi Klasik,   Multikolonieritas, Heterokesdastisitas, Uji Normalitas, Uji t, dan Menghitung Jalur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi promosi yang tepat dapat meningkatkan laba minimarket Basmalah.
STRATEGI PROMOSI DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENJUALAN DITOKO METRO STORE DAN FASHION BANYUANYAR – PROBOLINGGO
Authors: Rofiah Tri Nadhirotur Rofiah , Fadil Nurul , Hoirunnas
Published: January 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji permasalahan dan untuk mengetahui strategi promosi yang dilakukan oleh Toko Metro Store dan Fashion Desa Klenang Kidul Kecamatan Banyuanyar Kabupaten Probolinggo melalui sistem ekspos langsung, promo, whatsapp dan Instagram. Untuk mengetahui faktor – faktor yang bisa meningkatkan penjulan padaToko Metro Store dan Fashion Desa Tarokan Kecamatan Banyuanyar Kabupaten Probolinggo. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan (field research) yaitu penelitian yang data informasinya diperoleh secara langsung di lapangan.
Metode yang digunakan dalam penilitian ini adalah metode kualitatif yaitu suatu penelitian yang ditunjukan untuk mendiskripsikan dan menganalisis, fenomena, peristiwa, aktivitas, sosial, sikap, kepercayaan, persepsi, pemikiran, orang secara individual maupun kelompok .
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa strategi promosi yang digunakan oleh Toko Metro Store dan Fashion itu adalah memakai strategi promo, ekspos langsung, whatsaap dan Instagram. Strategi ini menghasikan banyak peningkatan setelah diterapkan. Karena pelanggan bisa menikmati harga yang sesuai, pelayanan yang sangat baik yang bisa mendukung pelanggan untuk Kembali membali barang yang sudah disediakan ditoko Metro Store dan Fashion. Untuk strategi yang menggunakan media watsap dan Instagram tidak kalah banyaknya pembelinya. Karean sekarang sudah zamannya menggunakan teknologi, via watsap sudah ada 1 grub dan disitu sudah ada yang mengelola mulai dari daerah Maron, Gending, banyuanyar, Ranu Gedang Tiris. untuk via Instagram hanya dikelola oleh 1 orang saja. Karena kebanyakn orang tidak menggunakan Instagram. Bagi yang mengelola media watsap itu sudah terjun langsung kelapangan dan mensosialisasikan produk – produk yang ada ditoko Metro Store dan Fashion. Faktor – faktor yang meningkatkan penjualan ditoko Metro Store dan Fashion adalah yang pertama memastikan produk yang sesuai dengan kebutuahn pasar, yang kedua memudahkan pelanggan untuk mengenali keunggulan produk, yang ketiga memaksimalkan teknologi yang dapat medorong penjualan, yang keempat faaktor haarga, yang kelima faktor strategi, yang keenam faktor pelayanan.
TINY DEVICES- NANO - THE EMERGING WORLD TECHNOLOGY
Authors: BHATTACHARYYA ATANU , DATTA P. S. , BHAUMIK ASIM , VIRAKTAMATH SHASHIDHAR , CHOWDHURY MORSHED U. , ISAAC RAJENDRA KUMAR
Published: January 2024

The ward “nano” comes from a Greek word, í ?í ï ò, that means “dwarf”. The above ward is usually mentioned as International System of Units (SI) to consider as a factor of 10-9. If “nano” may consider as meter (m) then 1 nm (nanometer) = 10-9 meter. Anyhow , “nano” may considered a “very small” particle. Moreover, it is very known factor that individual atoms are smaller than 1 nm (1 nanometer) in diameter . If we like to select 1nm material where 10 hydrogen atoms should be present in the row. Naturally, a typical virus is about 100 nm in diameter and a bacterium is about 1000 nm in length( head to tail ) . This sophisticated nanoscale materials can observe through Atomic Force Microscope and also by Scanning Tunneling Microscope. This atom scale structure exhibits a tremendous functions in every sphere of life processes. The sophisticated phenomenon of tiny small particles will be discussed in the following text.
POLYMORPHISM IN INTERLEUKIN-4 GENE AND THE RISK OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE IN A NORTH INDIAN POPULATION : A CASE-CONTROL STUDY
Authors: R.C. SOBTI , N. KIRTIPAL , H. THAKUR , A.K. JANMEJA
Published: January 2024

The genetic variability (polymorphisms) can be a factor in COPD risk. We investigated the potential relationship between COPD and polymorphism of the interleukin 4 (IL-4 70 bp repeats) gene. In  our study we observed the association between IL-4 (70 bp repeats) genotypes and COPD risk. A total of 400 subjects (200 cases and 200 controls). Using a case control design individuals were genotyped for IL- 4 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques. The data obtained were analyzed using multiple logistic regressions by the help of SPSS ver 11.5. The OR of combined genotype of IL-4(Rp1-Rp2+Rp1) was showed 2 fold increase risk of COPD. In smokers, 5 fold significantly increased risk of COPD was observed with Rp1 genotype of IL-4. The genetic polymorphism in cytokine and IL-4 (70 bp repeats) gene may play an important role in the development of COPD.
WESTERN BLOT ASSAY OF SELECTED PATIENTS BLOOD INFECED WITH HIV : IN AND AROUND SALEM DISTRICT, TAMILNADU, INDIA.
Authors: SATHIYAVATHI S. , MATHIVANAN V. , SABHANAYAKAM SELVI
Published: January 2024

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the etiological agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and demonstraction of an antibody response specifically directed against HIV proteins is accepted as evidence of infection. Westernblot is the most commonly used test to conform Ahiv-I infection to perform the westerNblot the HIV-I antigens are separated on the basis of their molecular weights and antibodies to each components aare detected as distint bands. The following HIV-I antigens are currently identified in the westenblot ENVELOP( gp160, gp120,gp41)GROUP ANTIGENS (p55,p40,p24,p18)and POLYMERASE(p51,p65 andp31). Todetermine the indeterminate HIV-I and HIV-2 western blot results of HIV infected individuals. The westernblot is the confirmatory test for HIV infection. The infected blood samples had tested should have atleast one HIV characteristic band and any one oh HIV-2 band. We obtained information regarding HIV risk factor and peripheral blood specimen for following test , HIV-TRI-DOT for detection of antibodies in the blood samples.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE KIDENY OF FRESHWATER TELEOSTS, CIRRHINUS MRIGALA EXPOSED TO SODIUM FLUORIDE
Authors: RUHELA NEETU SINGH , SRIVASTAVA PRINCE KUMAR , PRAKASH SADGURU , ANSARI K. K.
Published: January 2024

In the present study Cirrhinus mrigala were exposed for the period of 90 days at 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L and 15 mg/L NaF. Histopathological changes observed in kidney showed renal architecture damage in the form of increased capsular space, shrunken glomeruli, shrunken lumen of renal tubules and vacuolated cytoplasm. None of these changes was observed in the control group.
WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF RIVER ALAKNANDA
Authors: GK JOSHI
Published: January 2024

In the present study, water sample was collected from river Alaknanda near Srinagar town located in District Pauri of Uttarakhand state. The water samples were tested for the presence of different\ pathogenic bacteria and other chemical parameters by standards  methods. The results indicated the presenceof a high degree of chemical and biological impurities in the river.
ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL EVALUATION OF RHIZOME EXTRACTS OF BERGINIA CILIATA (HAW.) STERNB
Authors: KHULBE KAPIL , SATI SURESH C.
Published: January 2024

Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb. was collected in the vicinity of Kumaun Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India. The fresh roots of plant were air-dried and chopped. This material was extracted with hexane, chloroform, methanol and sterile distilled water. The organic as well as aqueous extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity using the disc diffusion technique against 8 animal and plant pathogenic bacteria i.e. Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcμus aureus, Esherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Erwinia chrysanthimi, Xanthomonas phaseoli, Agerobacteriaum tumefaciens and Xanthomonas campestris. Chloroform, methanol and aqueous fractions of B. ciliata showed activity against all tested bacteria. P. vulgaris was found to be most sensitive to the tested extracts. A weak antibacterial activity wasdemonstrated by hexane fraction. In majority of tests, the extracts of B. ciliata were found more effective than ampicillin (10μg) and erythromycin (15μg).
INSECT PEST MANAGEMENT OF TEMPERATE FRUIT CROPS
Authors: SIDDIQUE SHAHID SAMI , BABU RAM
Published: January 2024

There are many important fruits grown in temperate climates such as apple, peach, pear, plum, apricot, almond, cherry, strawberry, kiwi, walnut etc. Unlike field and vegetable crops, fruit trees are grown over several years in the same habitat and serve as apermanent abode for the multiplication of insect pests.
EFFECT OF SODIUM FLUORIDE ON ORGANIC RESERVES OF SOME TISSUES OF HETEROPNEUSTES FOSSILIS
Authors: SRIVASTAVA PRINCE KUMAR , RUHELA NEETU SINGH , PRAKASH SADGURU , ANSARI K. K.
Published: January 2024

After 90 days exposure of H. fossilis to different sub-lethal concentrations of sodium fluoride (25 mg/L, 50 mg/L and 75 mg/L), glycogen, total protein and cholesterol in kidney, brain and gill tissues were significantly decreased. None of these changes was observed in the control group.
INDUSTRIAL IMPORTANCE OF HALOPHILIC BACTERIA
Authors: GK JOSHI
Published: January 2024

Halophile is a collective name ascribed to organisms capable of surviving in hypersaline environments by their ability to maintain osmotic balance. They are capable of doing so by accumulating salts such as KCl and NaCl within their cytoplasm to such a concentration that it becomes isotonic with the environment. Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic group of organisms have been identified under the category of halophiles. During the last few decades, in the wake of the growing industrial utility of extremophilic microbes, there has been great interest among researchers to explore hypersaline environments for halophilic bacteria with some industrial utility. They are known to produce a variety of products such as light receptor proteins, bioplastic, enzymes, biosurfactants etc. This article highlights some of the latest biotechnological applications of halophilic bacteria.
BIODIESEL FROM MICROBIAL LIPIDS BY RHODOTORULA Sp: HOPE FOR A BETTER TOMORROW
Authors: MASIH NEERJA
Published: January 2024

In the pursuit of finding an alternative for the fossil fuel which is continuously being depleted, biodiesel has attracted a lot of attention as a renewable source. But the biodiesel production from plant oils is not very cost-effective and it has led to explore the possibility of the potential of microbial lipids for the same. Rhodotorula sp. has been a target of increasing attention for the producing microbial lipids as raw material for the biodiesel production. Rhodotorula glutinis has been found to be most promising as modulated culture conditions have shown that it can be exploited for increased lipid production which can be used in biodiesel technnology.
IMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE HIMALAYAN REGION AND ITS IMPACT ON INDIAN SECURITY
Authors: SINGH ABHAYA K.
Published: January 2024

The world’s third largest freshwater stores are in the Himalayan glaciers. The potential loss of this water resource from climate change in 21st century has serious impact on environment and India’s national security as well. Sometimes known as “The Third Pole”, the Himalayan glaciers contain the world’s third largest store of freshwater after the Antarctic and Arctic. Since the ecology of the region is so finely balanced, with glacier runoff providing a regular pattern of melt water into the region’s largest rivers and acting as a backup supply of water in the event of monsoon failure. Even minor climate changes can have a devastating environmental effect on the life blood of more than 25% (1.3 billion People) of the world’s population. This source is not inexhaustible and with accelerated melting of Himalayan glaciers the water shortages in the long run would be the cause interstate and intrastate conflicts as millions of lives would be at stake in the region. Sea levels threaten to rise higher than previously anticipated. And water supplies are increasingly at risk fromboth melting glaciers and extreme climate events, such as droughts and floods. These changes threaten not only the climate, but also security and stability of India. The melting of Himalayan glacier due to climate change also poses a complex security challenge in the form of forced migration and resource based conflicts. Thus, the melting of Himalayan glacier due to climate change poses a systemic challenge to India’s national security. Therefore, it is necessary to understand how India and its neighbours viewed climate change and its impact. What is the impact of Climate Change on water resources and livelihoods in the greater Himalayas rising temperatures lead to less precipitation in the form of snow? Does climate change and melting of glaciers create security problems for India? Will itbecome a critical driver in our relations with the neighbouring countries? Will there be implications of climate change for internal security? The scope of this paper is to understand the geopolitical dimensions of climate change and it’s implications for India’s national security.
INTEGRATED MANAEMENT OF BRINJAL SHOOT AND FRUIT BORER, LEUCINODES ORBONALLIS GUEN.
Authors: SIDDIQUE SHAHID SAMI , ARIF MOHD , BABU RAM , HUSSAIN RASHID
Published: January 2024

Among different IPM modules tested against shoot and fruit bore, Leucinodes orbonallis Guen, modules M4 using spinosad + Metarhizium anisoplae + Chelating agent Fe-EDTA+ cartap hydrochloride was found most effective causing minimum shoot infestation (7.47%) and fruit infestation of 23.21%, 21.09% and 23.60% at 3rd, 7th and 11th days after spraying respectively and giving highest yield (81.82q/ha).
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF NATURAL COMPOUNDS EXTRACTED WITH DIFFERENT SOLVENTS FROM CALOTROPIS PROCERA
Authors: JADON *HEERA LAXMI , PRAKASH POONAM , SINGH SANJEEV PRATAP
Published: January 2024

Antibiotics resistance effects become an ever-increasing therapeutic problems. Natural products of higher plants may possess a new source of antimicrobial agents with possibly novel mechanisms of action. Calotropis Procera shows limitless ability to synthesize aromatic substances, most of which are phenols or their oxygen-substituted derivatives. Most are secondary metabolites, These substances serve as plant defense mechanisms against predation by microorganisms, insects and herbivores. When these substances isolate with four different solvents(Hexane, Chloroform, Butanol, Methanol ) one by one ,then some extracts showed great potential to inhibit the growth of four different bacterial strains like: Pectobacterium Carotovorum, Xenthomonas Compestris, E. Coli andStephylococcus aureus
ARSENIC CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER IN ENDEMIC AREA OF UTTAR PRADESH: A CASE STUDY
Authors: MISHRA ARVIND , NIGAM SHUBHA , TRIPATHI CPM
Published: January 2024

In recent years much attention is being paid to explore the correlation of varying factors to ground water arsenic poisons. Herein, this has been investigated that ground water samples of Ballia (U.P) meet to exceed the Bureau of Indian standard (BIS) limits for the arsenic and iron of these water samples provide evidence ample discrepancy with waste standards. Here, it was investigated that out of 150 selected sources of water,91 samples have all analyzed parameters beyond desirable limits and water from these sources can’t be used for drinking purpose without special treatment. The expected outcome of the present work is to explore the mobilization of arsenic in gangetic plains by correlating the various contributing factors in water arsenic poisonings and developing concern to initiate the remediation measures to tackle this present crisis in drinking water reclamation process
ANTIPSYCHOTIC MEDICATION DURING PREGNANCY AND POSSIBLE BIRTH DEFECTS
Authors: SINGH K. P. , TRIPATHI NIDHI
Published: January 2024

Antipsychotics drugs like chlorpromazine, haloperidol, clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine and many other are commonly used in psychiatric medicine. Approximately one third of pregnant women with psychotic symptoms use antipsychotics at least once. Although adequate and well-controlled studies have not been done in any one of these antipsychotic drugs, animal studies have revealed evidence of teratogenic or embryo/fetotoxic effects in all of them. Use of typical drugs like chlorpromazine and haloperidol shows congenital malformations like skeletal malformations, central nervous system (CNS) defects, cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities, decreased fetal growth, and fetal death. The extrapyramidal symptoms and respiratory distress in infants born to mothers treated with these medications is also reported. Effects of antipsychotic use in lactating mothers are mostly unknown. With increase in the use of newer psychotropics, there is a growing concern in relation to the teratogenicity. As, it is not possible to carry out prospective studies in pregnant women and as a result physicians caring for such patients have to rely on case reports, case series, and retrospective studies. Available evidence shows that the safety of these drugs in pregnancy is still unresolved and the decision to prescribe antipsychotic drugs in pregnancy should be taken in the light of severity of mental disease and drugs should be prescribed only when the potential risk to the foetus from exposure is outweighed by the risk of untreated maternal disorder. In this review we discussed the current evidence of the teratogenic risks antipsychotic drugs commonly used to treat psychiatric disorders
ECO DESIGN IN TEXTILE AND CLOTHING
Authors: MEHTA RENA
Published: January 2024

Design for the Environment (DfE) probably had its origins in 1974 it works to prevent pollution, and the risk pollution presents to humans and the environment. The DfE program provides information regarding safer electronics, safer flame retardants, safer chemical formulations, as well as best environmental practices. DfE employs a variety of design approaches that attempt to reduce theoverall human health and environmental impact of a product, process or service, where impacts areconsidered across its life cycle.
Pedigree Analysis Of Some Hereditary Diseases in The Successive Five Generations Of A Family Of Punjab With Special Reference To Syndactyly
Authors: Gupta Dr. (Mrs.) Sushil , Garg Hemant
Published: January 2024

Syndactyly [from Grek roots ‘Syn’-together+ ‘Dactylus’- [finger ]=fingers together is a condition where tow or more than two digits are fused together. It occurs normally in some mammals, such as siamang but is unusual condition In humans.Syndactyly can be simple, complex or complicated.Syndactyly can be possible out come of a large number of rare and developmental disorders.It can be present over 100 different disorders where they are minor features compared to other characteristics of these disorders. Pedigree Analysis of some hereditary diseases in the successive five generations of a family of Punjab [INDIA] with special reference to Syndactyly was carried out. Some other inheritable characters observed were Griegcephalopolysyndactyly, presence of Flat Feet, Early teeth fall, Eary greying of hair, Presence of bow legs, Heart problems, Osteoprosis, Baldness , Asthma, Gout,Ulcerative colitis,Eye defects,upper palate m and Stammering defect. They may be due to some changes in the same chromosomes which causes Syndactyly or not.This may form basis for further studies.
Bryodiversity of Eastern Ghats (India)
Authors: Alam Afroz , Rawat Krishna Kumar , Verma Praveen Kumar , Yadav Sonu
Published: January 2024

Eastern Ghats contribute considerably to both species richness and endemicity of the India. However, the forests of Eastern Ghats are comparatively understudied, under-explored and have received less consideration for conservation compared to the fairly better-known Western Ghats, the hot spot of biodiversity. Eventually, Eastern Ghats is left with inadequate data for several groups of organisms. The data insufficiency is prominent, particularly in the case of cryptogams, especially Bryophytes. In this chapter an attempt has been made to fill this lacuna to some extent by providing an updated checklist of bryophytes of southern most part of Eastern Ghats, comes under Tamil Nadu, based on several published old and recent sporadic reports along with available literature on web sources.
Study of Rhodotorula glutinis growth and lipid production using low cost substrates
Authors: Masih Maj Neerja , Charles E.S.
Published: January 2024

The present day challenge for biodiesel production is that as feedstock varied vegetable oils such as soybean oils, rap seed oils, palm oils and waste cooking oils are being used making it uneconomical. Microbial oil could represent an alternative to produce bio-oils for biodiesel production. In the present study in our lab red oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula glutinis was used for lipid production using various low cost substrates as sole carbon source. Rhodotorula glutinis culture was obtained from NCIM Pune and was subcultured and maintained on YPD medium. The growth conditions were optimised and dry cell weight and lipid content were estimated using fruit ,peel and sugar cane residue hydrolysate. The study can be further extended using different other substrates and result in cost effective high density cell culture.
Progressive Muscular Relaxation in Schizophrenic Patients : A Pilot Study
Authors: Singh Poonam , Sarraf Seema Rani , Tripathi Pranay Kumar , Gupta Chandini
Published: January 2024

The feasibility and efficacy of relaxation techniques with non psychotic individuals, there is still paucity of researches on the effects ofrelaxation training applied on schizophrenic patients. Current theoretical speculation and research evidences suggest that elevated anxiety level, stress & tension and poor anxiety coping skills may be important aspects of the schizophrenic process. This study evaluated the effectiveness of progressive muscular relaxation in the treatment of persons with schizophrenia who experienced significant anxiety and stress with residual symptoms despite their adherence to medication. 05 medicated schizophrenic female patients were taken for treatment. After twenty two weeks of training, subjects reported lower level of anxiety and stress
Age and Growth Related Investigations on Major Carps in the Riverine Environment of River Ghaghra at and Around Faizabad
Authors: Dwivedi Ramendra Kumar , Tripathi Ved Prakash , Singh Nagendra Pratap , Tripathi P.N.
Published: January 2024

A considerable population of India is suffering from malnutrition. This problem can be solved up to some extent when we add fishes in our food. Fishes are good source of protein and vitamins. To ensure the availability of fishes to masses we have to improve the production in our available water resources. Rivers in India are a good source of freshwater fish production. Ghaghra is an important river of North India. It has sufficient water around the year. The present investigation was carried out to observe the comparative growth of Cirrhinus mrigala,Labeo rohita,Labeo calbasu and Catla catla in riverine environment of Ghaghra.The back-calculation method was adopted to assess the age and growth of these fishes. It was observed that the growth rate of Labeo calbasu is maximum among above four fishes.
Population Dynamics of Sarus Crane (Grus antigone antigone, Linn.) in and around Alwara Lake of district - Kaushambi (U.P.), India
Authors: Prakash Shri , Kumar Sunil
Published: January 2024

Survey of Sarus Crane (Grus antigone antigone, Linn.) was carried out within a period of one year (from Jan. 2013 to Dec. 2013) in and around Alwara Lake of district Kaushambi (U.P.), India. Crane population was recorded as single, pairs, pairs with juvenile, juvenile and flocks. Population size was 60.3±6.2 (16-80). Population was significantly influenced by local climatic temperature than humidity. Only single and flocks more significantly correlated positive to climatic temperature. Maximum number of 723 Cranes was recorded with a density of 1.8/ hectare including all age groups. During the survey adult pairs were recorded with a maximum percentage of 40.1preceded by flock (23.9%) among all the observed age groups. Inspite of extreme temperature and humidity cranes were observed enjoying this land form. Besides this openness of land, numerous marsh wet land including the lake, alterations of crop fields i.e. Kharif, Rabi and Jayad , availability of food resources, variation in aquatic plants make the crane life style compatible to this habitat. Hence the objective of this study was to explore conservational and distributional aspects of crane and its habitat which can be shared in public awareness programmes
Partial purification and characterization of protease enzyme from soil borne bacteria
Authors: Sharma Arun Kumar , Sharma Vinay , Saxena Jyoti , Yadav Bindu , Alam Afroz , Prakash Anand
Published: January 2024

Protease enzyme from bacterial isolates AKS-4 and AKS-6 was successfullypurified by ammonium sulfate precipitation. Purified enzyme fractionate obtained from 80% salt saturation showed highest protease activity. Proteaseactivity of crude lysate was increased after purification with 80% salt concentration. Purified protease fractions (80% salt saturation) obtained from bacterial isolate-AKS-4 and AKS-6 were named as P-1 and P-2, respectively with protease activity of 35.07 U/mL and 34.46 U/mL. Extracellular protease from isolate AKS-4 was purified to 9.29 fold by (NH4)2SO4. Enzyme fractionates P-1 and P-2 showed increased activity at neutral and alkaline pH range while enzyme activity was reduced under acidic pH. P-1 and P-2 demonstrated increased protease activity at higher temperature range (50 \ ºC, 60 ºC). The impact of different divalent metal ions and organic solvents on protease activity of both enzyme fractions was investigated. Highest protease activity by both enzyme fractions was obtained with calcium chloride and n-butanol.
A Severe Fruit Rot In Market
Authors: . Prempal , Sharma R.B.
Published: January 2024

The diseases play an important role in this great balancing act of nature. According to smith et al . (1964) there are more than 250known diseases of fruits and vegetables of them more than 150 diseases are caused by fungi. The data collect from some studies carried out in India on post –harvest diseases of fruits and vegetables, put the average loss at 20-30 percent (Mehta 1975).
Changes in Total Serum Calcium Level and Shell Calcium Content in Bank Myna, Acridotheres ginginianus (Latham) During Breeding Season
Authors: Bose Somnath , Singh Preeti
Published: January 2024

Bank Myna is a wild Passerine seasonal breeder of North India. Higher values of serum Ca had been documented in early breeding season which gradually reduced in late breeding season. Eggshell Ca content closely correspond the rise and fall in serum Ca level. Highest serum Ca level of 15.13+0.146mg/dl and eggshell Ca content of 357.25+0.310mg/g were recorded in first week of June.
THEORETICAL EXPLANATION OF VIGILANCE DECREMENT
Authors: Yadav Anil Kumar , Dubey Shalini
Published: January 2024

Vigilance refers to the ability to remain alert on a specific task for longer period of time. During vigilance task performance usually declined with increase in time which is termed as vigilance decrement. Present paper discusses about numerous theories that have been proposed to explain vigilance performance. However, yet a theory has to emerge that could make specific performace related predictions. Recently, two broad families of theories of failures of sustained attention are widely debated in the literature. The first family of theories contends that the decrement in vigilance performance occurs due to mindlessness, boredom, or cognitive under-load produced by monotonous nature of vigilance tasks. On the contrary, the second family of theories posits that the vigilance decrement occurs due to resource demand, mental fatigue, or cognitive over-load placed by highly demanding nature of vigilance tasks.
AGE AND CREATIVITY: EFFECT OF CHRONOLOGICAL AGE ON MANAGER’S CREATIVITY
Authors: Mishra L. K. , Singh A. P.
Published: January 2024

Aim of the present investigation is to find out the relationship between managerial personnel’s chronological age on creativity inorganizations. To find out this relationship, present study was conducted on 206 managers working in different private sector organizations in India. Creativity was assessed by the help of Creative Behaviour Questionnaire. Obtained data were analysed in the term of correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. Results show that age has an inverse relationship with creativity.
ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING OF MICROALGAE FOR ENHANCED ENERGY PRODUCTION
Authors: Singh Vijetna , Thakur Alka
Published: January 2024

Microalgae are considered as potential source of renewable energy generation. Algal biomass is used as key feedstock for renewable energy generation using algal resources. Accumulation of biomass mostly depends on the growth rate, which is usually regulated by pH and salinity. Present study was conducted to study the effect of variation in pH and saline rangeson growth, biomass and lipid  content of a freshwater microalga Chlorella vulgaris. The growth, biomass and lipid content showed a significantdifference due to the variation in pH and saline range. The growth and lipid content was maximum at pH 7.0 with compared to 6, 8 and 9. On the other hand an increase of salinity from 0.1M to 0.25 M caused decreased growth rate, whereas the lipid content showed an increasing trend.
TRADITIONAL USES OF LOCALLY AVAILABLE PLANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF URINARY DISORDERS AT BANASTHALI REGION OF RAJASTHAN, INDIA
Authors: Sain Sweta , Kumari Nilima , Tripathi BN
Published: January 2024

Urinary disorder is one of the serious health problems prevailing in our society. Rural communities inhabiting near Banasthali region of Rajasthan are known to use some locally available plants material for the treatment of urinary disorders. Hence, present study has attempted to document the traditional knowledge of curing urinary problems using locally available plants. A total of 31 plant species belonging to 29 genera of 21 families was undertaken in this study. The information about the parts of the plants and mode of the use of these plants for the treatment of urinary problems are complied in the present work.
PATHOGENICITY OF THE BACTERIAL ISOLATE AEROMONAS HYDROPHILA TO FISHES IN LABORATORY CONDITIONS
Authors: Pandey Vijay Shankar , Kalam Abdul
Published: January 2024

The pathogenicity of a bacterial isolate Aeromonas hydrophila recovered from naturally diseased shing fish was investigated againstcatfishes (Heteropneustes fossilis and Clarias batrachus) and carp (Channa punctatus) of appropriate average body weights. Two different doses viz. 6.7 × 106 and 6.7 × 105 CFU/fish were injected intramuscularly. Pathogenicity of A. hydrophila was confirmed at water temperature of 30°C by mortality of 60% to 100% of all the tested fishes within 2-11 days. Injected A. hydrophila was re-isolated from liver, kidney and intestine of all the tested fishes. In all the cases of intramuscular injection, external pathology was found. Reddish anal region and fm bases were observed. It was understood that the isolate was a highly virulent pathogen for the challenged fishes.
LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP OF FRESH WATER FISH LABEO BATA (HAM.) FROM RIVER GHAGHRA
Authors: Parmar Alpana , Kumar Ashok , Sharma Arvind Kumar
Published: January 2024

The length-weight relationship (LWR) was estimated in Labeo bata. It was observed that this fish did not follow the cube lawstrictly and the weight increased at a rate more than the cube of the length. The analysis of covariance did not show any significantdifference in the value of ‘n’ between the fishes of different size, sex and maturity stages in a population. The males were slightly heavier than females at smaller sizes and females were heavier than males at larger sizes and the two length - weight intersected at a point between 245 mm and 270 mm. This point of intersection represents the size at first maturity of the fish
INFLUENCE OF SUNLIGHT EXPOSURE ON TOTAL SERUM CALCIUM AND INORGANIC PHOSPHATE LEVEL IN BANK MYNA, ACRIDOTHERES GINGINIANUS (LATHAM)
Authors: Bose Somnath , Singh Preeti
Published: January 2024

In birds, sunlight exposure to non-feathered skin areas including the leg helps in synthesis of vitamin D3 and thus calcium regulation. Gradual rise in total serum calcium had been recorded in Bank Myna in response to increasing duration of sunlight exposure with a maximum of 15.13+ 0.146mg/ dl in June. Incongruously, the experimental Bank Myna without direct sunlight exposure did not displayed marked rise in serum calcium level. In Bank Myna with natural day length sunlight exposure, higher values of serumPi had been recorded in breeding peak (June).
STRESS AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN RELATION TO DURATION OF SLEEP AND COURSE
Authors: Sarraf Seema Rani , Dubey S.N.
Published: January 2024

An average student gets 7 hours of sleep instead of the desirable 9.2 hours. This lack of sleep makes students less concentrated, and reduces their cognitive abilities. All this leads to decreased academic achievement. The study aimed to elucidate the effect of duration of sleep on stress and academic achievement in students studying professional and non-professional courses. A total of six hundred and eighty students, aged 20 to 25 years participated in this research. Purposive sampling technique was applied to select thesubject. The groups formed on the basis of duration of sleep e.g. long sleepers (more than nine hours out of twenty- four hours) and short sleepers (less than six or fewer hours out of twenty- four hours). These are independent variables which were manipulated through selection. A self- biographical sheet and The Hassles Scale (Lazarus and Folkman, 1981)were used for thepurpose of data collection. Student’s last three years academic performance was considered as their academic achievement. 2 x 2 Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out to find out the significance of difference between the means of groups as well as interaction effects. A significant difference was found between long and short sleepers on stress variable. short sleepers were more stressful than long sleepers. Course opted by the students also differed on stress level. Professional group scored high on stress variable. A significant difference has been recorded for course variable. Professional group scored high on academic achievement variable. Duration of sleep had no significant effect on academic achievement.
WATER QUALITY AND LIFE-HISTORY PARAMETERS OF DAPHNIA CARINATA (DAPHNIDAE : CLADOCERA) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
Authors: Tiwary Chandra Bhushan , Singh Ashok Kumar
Published: January 2024

The life-history and population of aquatic crustaceans mainly depend on water quality. This study is aimed to test the hypothesis that water hardness and alkalinity affect the life-history parameters of Daphnia carinata. Experiments were carried out accordingly in laboratory conditions. There was a significant reduction in the growth of daphnids reaching up to a 14.5% as compared to high hardness and alkalinity. There were also delayed reproduction, increased body length during first reproduction and reduced number in first brood and, consequently, a 36.6% reduction in total fertility, to daphnids reared at high hardness and alkalinity. The impairedgrowth and reproduction at hardness and alkalinity levels was likely a consequence of increased salt concentrations, and not due to changes in the feeding activity. This study raises concerns about the effects of environmental degradation and increasing acidity in the surrounding medium which is evident in the form of acid rtain etc due to increasing pollution. The decrease in populations of D. carinata and similar other planktons will affect the structure of aquatic ecosystems.
ROLE OF NEUROTICISM AND EXTRAVERSION FACTORS OF PERSONALITY ON LIFE SATISFACTION IN MARRIED COUPLES
Authors: Rani Rashmi
Published: January 2024

The aim of the study was to elucidate the life satisfaction in relation to ‘similarity’ and ‘dissimilarity’ (from the median cut points) on neuroticism and extraversion factors of personality in married couples. For this purpose, Three hundred (300) couples with at least Graduation qualification were sampled by following multi – stage sampling procedure and were administered Hindi version of NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI – R) and Hindi version of satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and four groups of spouses: both spouses (husband and wife) scoring low (Group – 1), husband scoring low and wife scoring high (Group – 2), husband scoring high and wife scoring low (Group – 3), and both the spouses (husband and wife) scoring high (Group – 4) on neuroticism and extraversion factor of personality (from the median cut points) were screened out and the total sum of scores (the sum of the scores of husband and wife on life satisfaction as a unit) was aimed for analysis. The data were analysed by one-way ANOVA post hoc mean comparisons were made by Tukey test. Results indicated non – significant between groups effect of neuroticism similarities/dissimilarity on life satisfaction, whereas significant between groups’ effects was observed for extraversion similarities/ dissimilarity on life satisfaction. The resultsfurther indicated that high as compared to the low scorer couples on extraversion factor revealed higher life satisfaction
A NOTE ON AGRICULTURE; CONCERNS,OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Verma Krishna Deo
Published: January 2024

Agriculture is the heart of rural economy for India. This sector provides gainful employment as well as raw materials for a large number of industries in the country. Off late, and economic reforms the trade liberalization, considerable changes have been noticed in this sector. Indian planners and policy makers do realize how critically important it is to have more that 4% growth in agriculture to give any meaning to ‘inclusive growth’. It is also recognized that major investments would be needed both by public and private sectors to achieve this end. Investments, institutions and incentives will be critical for bringing in and scaling up innovations in the agricultural sector. Technology has played an important role in improving productivity. Agriculture production can only be increased by reducing prevailing knowledge deficit of latest agricultural technologies with the farmers. Knowledge deficit can be improved by strengthening human resource- capacity building and rapid transfer of the farm technology.
EVALUATION OF SILKWORM RACES/HYBRIDS FOR CULTRE AT FARMERS’ LEVEL IN UTTAR PRADESH: APPROPRIATE TECHNIQUES
Authors: TRIPATHI P N
Published: January 2024

The ensuing discussion explains the methodology and techniques for evaluation of mulberry silkworm pure races and some hybrid varieties for cultivation by farmers in the terai region of Uttar Pradesh. After rearing at various places and in different seasons the most suitable variety of silkworm race is found and therefore, suggested for sericulture at farmers’ level for the better production and minimum damage of crops.
“SYNTHESIS AND SPECTRAL STUDIES OF Co(II) AND Ni(II) COMPLEXES WITH SCHIFF BASE LIGAND 1,6-DIMERCAPTO-1,6 DIAMINO-2,4,5-TRIAZA-3-PHENYL-3-HEXENE”
Authors: CHANDRA AMRINAL , RAI H.C.
Published: January 2024

Complexes of 1,6 Dimercapto 1,6 Diamino 2,4,5 Triaza 3- Phenyl 3-hexene (MAAPHE) with bivalent metal ion of composition [ML2]X2 M= Co(II) and Ni(II), X=Cl-, Br-, NO3 - have been synthesized and characterized using physico-chemical and spectroscopic data. The ligan tridentate chelating ligand for the metal ions and the complexes are found to be octahedral in geometry.
“SPECTRAL STUDIES & ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES ON Cu(II) WITH SCHIFF BASE CONTAINING SNS DONOR LIGANDS
Authors: CHANDRA MRINAL
Published: January 2024

Complexes of the ligand 1,6-Dimercapto-1,6-Diamino-2,4,5-Triaza-3- henyl-3-Hexene with Cu(II) metal ion of composition [ML2]X2 M= Cu(II) X=Cl-, Br-, ClO4 -, CH3COO-, NO3 - have been synthesized by the condensation of metal salt with the ligand (MAAPHE) in the molar ratio 1:2 in an ethanolic medium and it is characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, IR, electronic spectra and magnetic susceptibility. IR spectral data suggests that the ligand behaves as tridentate SNS donor site. The ligand complexeswere treated for their antimicrobial, antifungal activities against A flavus  A niger by cup diffusion method. The MIC values in molar concentration (x10-4) of ligand and its complexes is in the range 0.186 – 0.250. Metal complexes have been found to show an appreciable increase in their antimicrobial activities in comparison to ligand.
AGRO-WASTE MANAGEMNT BY VERMICOMPOSTING USING EISENIA FETIDA AND PERIONYX SANSIBARICUS EARTHWORMS
Authors: Kumar Suresh
Published: January 2024

Agro-waste like fennel straw blended with cow dung was recycled to analyze biochemical changes during composting process treated with earthworms Eisenia fetida and Perionyx sansibaricus. Both the species of earthworms were separately inoculated in composting substrate bedding for a period of 90 days. Fennel straw mixed with dry cow dung in 1:1 ratio was prepared as bedding substrate for earthworms in vermicomposting experiment. The changes in physical and biochemical parameters of vermicompost samplesduring decomposition progression were recorded at specific interval of time. At different level of vermicomposting significant raise inelectrical conductivity, total N, available phosphorus and potassium, along with drop in pH, organic C and C/N ratio was recorded fromexperimental vermibeds. The result showed that vermicomposting of fennel straw plus cow dung amended into nutrient rich material known as organic fertilizer. In this vermicomposting experiment E. fetida shows better functional activity than P. sansibaricus. The results suggested that enriched compost obtained from decomposition of wastes (agro and livestock waste) through vermicomposting with efficient worms will be utilized to enhance physico-chemical and biological properties of soil; leading to better plant growth and production of crop.
BIOLOGY OF SUGARCANE WOOLLY APHID (Ceratovacuna lanigera) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
Authors: Kumar Amod , Bhardwaj Nalini
Published: January 2024

The Aphids are major pest for several crops including sugarcane in tropical region of the world. There we studied SWA biology. This pest deteriorating quality of sugarcane and economic loss predicted through infestation. The findings of the study might be useful for both farmers and management planners. The comparison of present findings may also provide scope for further investigations in laboratory under varied abiotic and biotic interactions on the pest.
PESTICIDE TOXICITY AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN FRESHWATER FISHES
Authors: Yadav Nagendra Kumar
Published: January 2024

The modern organic pesticides have increased in agriculture to enhance crops yield with low labour and effort. These chemicals affect almost each system of environment especially aquatic ecosystems. These residues enter in non-targeted animals via food chain threatening the ecological balance and biodiversity of the nature. Fishes serve as important bio-indicators for aquatic contamination to access the changes caused by human activities effectively and reliable monitoring bio-system to recognize and predict hazardous effects of pollutants. Therefore, the protection of aquatic ecosystem and water quality will be possible only with the judicious and rationalized applications of pesticides.
ECOLOGY AND PARTIAL RESTORATION OF MONE WETLAND FOR FISH PRODUCTIVITY
Authors: Khatoon Naghma , Jawaid Equabal
Published: January 2024

Shatiya wetland, a threatened water body of eutrophicated nature in the Gopalganj district of Bihar was studied for its degradation and possible restoration practices. There high rate of sedimentation and agricultural activities causing significant changes in water quality and local biotic populations. Agricultural activities have led to high input of N and P fertilizers along with pesticides being used by the farmers. The positives response of restoration practices was observed with partial improvement in fish-productivity due to hindrance factors acting upon severe fish species.
GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION OF Daphnia carinata IN LOW AND HIGH DENSITY CULTURE UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
Authors: Tiwary Chandra Bhushan
Published: January 2024

The effect of population density on the Daphnia carinata individuals were investigated at two different densities with similar foodmedium. There is no difference in age at first reproduction, low-significant changes in carpace length and the number of neonates produced after 15 days to AFR, however, egg diapauses only visible in high density cultures. These findings suggest that high population density depresses both growth in adult instars and parthenogenesis to induce ephippial egg under enriched culture medium.