bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Escritas e escribas: o cuneiforme no antigo Oriente Próximo
Authors: Pozzer Katia Maria Paim
Published: December 2017

A ideia da escrita surgiu ainda na pré-historia, mas os documentos mais antigos conhecidos datam de 3.200 a.C. São tabletes de argila com escrita cuneiforme e foram encontrados na cidade de Uruk, no sul da Mesopotâmia. A escrita cuneiforme teve uma grande difusão no mundo antigo oriental, tendo sido utilizada na Baixa Mesopotamia, correspondendo ao atual Iraque, a região da Assíria e da Babilônia e às regiões periféricas, localizadas, atualmente, na Síria, Planalto Anatólico, Armênia, Irã, Chipre, Palestina e mesmo no Egito. Porém, essa escrita, provavelmente, nunca foi “popular”, no sentido etimológico do termo: ela sempre permaneceu no domínio de um grupo restrito de especialistas – os escribas – devido às suas dificuldades intrínsecas, que exigiam dedicação e muito tempo para sua aprendizagem. A escola era chamada de é.dub.ba., em sumério e bît ÿuppi, em acádico, literalmente traduzido por “casa dos tabletes”. Foi criada com a finalidade de formar os escribas para trabalharem nas tarefas econômicas e administrativas do país, sobretudo do templo e do palácio. Porém, com o tempo, ela se tornou um centro de difusão da cultura e do saber.
Plutarco e a leitura alegórica dos hieróglifos
Authors: Araújo Emanuel
Published: December 2017

Até a verdadeira tradução dos hieróglifos por Champollion (1822), fazia-se normalmente uma interpretação alegórica desses signos. No caso de Plutarco e de muitos outros autores, tratava-se na verdade de uma interpretatio graeca do Egito. Observa-se isso claramente na composição de Sobre Ísis e Osíris, onde se verifica a manipulação daquela escrita por intermédio de interpretações etimológicas não raro equivocadas, aqui examinadas à luz do instrumental egiptológico.
Le linéaire B et l’administration des palais mycéniens
Authors: Darcque Pascal
Published: December 2017

Os tabletes de argila e os vasos que apresentam inscrições em escrita linear B se constituem numa documentação epigráfica relativamente restrita. Entretanto, o deciframento dessa escritura mostrou que se utilizava uma forma de grego em Creta e na Grécia continental seis séculos, ao menos, antes da época de Homero, e permitiu que se compreendessem documentos que são nossa principal fonte de informação sobre os palácios micênicos (fim do segundo milênio a.C.).
Linear B: a especificidade de uma evidência e sua contribuição para os estudos micênicos
Authors: Torralvo Ana Claudia
Published: December 2017

Temos dois momentos na história da arqueologia proto-histórica grega, divididos em antes e depois da descoberta dos três tipos de escrita egeana. Com o deciframento do Linear B em 1952, por Michael Ventris, e a importantíssima constatação de que a língua grafada nessa escrita era o grego, ocorre uma verdadeira revolução no quadro histórico até então estabelecido pelos arqueólogos: Creta, onde se desenvolveu a cultura minóica e cuja língua nos é desconhecida até hoje, em um certo momento de sua história, foi dominada pelos micênicos, falantes de grego vindos do continente. A partir daí, os arqueólogos começaram a trabalhar em conjunto com os epigrafistas para rescrever a história do Egeu durante o segundo milênio a.C. Um novo universo é revelado pelos tabletes, embora eles contenham apenas registros administrativos relativos à época da destruição dos palácios onde foram encontrados. Esses tabletes fornecem dados importantes sobre a divisão territorial dos reinos micênicos; registros de oferendas com nomes de deuses, na grande maioria os do mesmo período histórico; divisão de trabalho; títulos de dignátarios e outras informações sociais; topônimos. A cada novo tablete encontrado e a cada nova conquista epigráfica, um pouco mais da Grécia proto-histórica é nos revelada, reconstituindo-se com mais precisão o quadro histórico real desse período dominado pelo universo lendário e mitológico.
A escrita alfabética grega: uma invenção da pólis? A contribuição da arqueologia
Authors: Sarian Haiganuch
Published: December 2017

Com a desagregação dos palácios micênicos no final do Bronze Recente (1250-1100 a.C.) desapareceram a um só tempo a escrita Linear B que conotava o grego micênico e as estruturas palaciais, fato explicado pela utilização do silabário micênico apenas no quadro da administração oficial dos palácios. Entretanto, esta escrita linear, de origem cretense, sobrevive em Chipre, levada pelos colonos aqueus ou mesmo, anteriormente, pelos minóicos, num momento de profundos contatos em território sírio agrupando cipriotas e componentes originários da ilha da Creta. Surpreendentemente, Chipre conservou registros da escrita linear cretense, sobretudo a partir do séc. IX a.C. até o séc. III a.C., tendo servido para conotar tanto a língua local – o eteocipriota – quanto o grego cipriota. Na própria Grécia, durante três séculos parece ter-se desconhecido qualquer forma de escrita e a ocupação humana limita-se a algumas poucas aglomerações. Quando a escrita reaparece, não se trata mais de silabário cretense, mas de uma escrita alfabética “inventada” pelos gregos a partir do alfabeto fenício, conhecido e divulgado desde os sécs. XI e X, época do início da expansão dos fenícios pelo Mediterrâneo. Trata-se, sem dúvida alguma, de uma das maiores contribuições culturais para o mundo ocidental, pois na origem desta “invenção” do alfabeto grego situa-se a família dos alfabetos ocidentais – de início o etrusco e o latino, e a partir daí os que dominam o Ocidente. Minhas reflexões sobre o surgimento da escrita alfabética grega no quadro da polis implica questionar quando, onde e para que os gregos inventaram o seu alfabeto. A data e a região estão associadas e devem ser analisadas conjuntamente. Os dados arqueológicos, linguísticos e históricos apontam para o séc. IX a.C. a adaptação grega do alfabeto fenício e o seu uso primitivo teria sido o da administração comercial, desenvolvida entre os gregos, cipriotas e fenícios no litoral norte da Siro-Fenícia. No tocante a articulação entre a invenção da escrita alfabética grega e a origem da pólis, algumas questões serão aprofundadas.
O uso da escrita na epigrafia latina
Authors: Corassin Maria Luiza
Published: December 2017

: Roma conheceu múltiplos usos da escrita sob as mais diversas formas: uso público (textos políticos, administrativos, religiosos) mas também uso privado. A intensa utilização de inscrições constitui uma característica do mundo romano, “a civilização da epigrafia”; elas são inestimáveis documentos originais sobre a situação econômica e social romana.
A epístola como exemplo de texto escrito
Authors: Santos Marcos Martinho dos
Published: December 2017

Valendo-me das Epístolas de Horácio e do confronto destas com a Poética e a Retórica de Aristóteles, primeiro investigo a hypókrisis da epístola, de modo a qualificar esta como essencialmente graphiké e, daí, destinada, não a ouvinte ou espectador, mas a leitor. Depois deduzo dessa qualidade, que respeita a elocução, a matéria mais conveniente a epístola, que respeita a invenção, de modo a entender tal conveniência como prépon da epístola; por exemplo, nas Epístolas de Horácio, o elogio do campo e repúdio da cidade seriam, nesse sentido, não um gosto particular do Autor, mas uma matéria que, de modo geral, se harmoniza com elocução que, justamente, se dirige ao leitor, isto é, ao âmbito privado [= campo], e repudia o ouvinte e espectador, isto é, o âmbito público [= cidade].
Conversação e convenções literárias na Sátira II 6 de Horácio
Authors: Iannini Vicente de Paula
Published: December 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é tematizar alguns aspectos de conversação como um discurso sobre o sermo na Sátira II 6, de Horácio. Após situar a ação na quinta de Horácio na Sabina, tento mostrar como o poeta cria a impressão de uma conversação real, analisando a variedade de linguagem empregada, e, especialmente, a arte de encaixar um sermo dentro de outro. A fabella que encerra a sátira, pode ser vista, no sentido de Fraenkel, como um ainos, o qual nos permite ver sua função como um gênero insertado e apreciá-la como um ponto alto no processo de encaixe. A fabella é percebida como um detalhe ornamental que permite a condução da sátira a um finale grandioso. Por fim, aponto algumas convenções literárias de que o poeta se utiliza para tornar verossímil a imagem de descontração sugerida pelo sermo.
Do relacionamento entre Verdade e Retórica em Aristóteles
Authors: Francisco Maria de Fátima Simões
Published: December 2017

Examinam-se no artigo duas passagens do início da Retórica de Aristóteles em que o autor, divergindo de Platão, enuncia a máxima utilidade dessa arte para a manifestação da verdade no tribunal e na assembleia. Alguns aspectos dessa verdade produzida retoricamente e do julgamento público, segundo a compreensão do filósofo, são apresentados.
Relações de poder em Roma: o patronato e a clientela
Authors: Venturini Renata Lopes Biazotto
Published: December 2017

Neste artigo, são focalizadas as relações de poder em Roma, estudando-se particularmente o pensamento político fundamentado no patronato e na clientela durante o Principado.
CARRERAS MONFORT, Cesar & FUNARI, Pedro Paulo A. Britania y el Mediterraneo. Estudios sobre el abastecimiento de aceite bético y africano en Britania, Barcelona: Institucion Fernando el Catolico-Publicacions de la Universitat de Barcelona, 1998. Colleccio Instrumenta 5, 406 p.
Authors: Mayer Marc
Published: December 2017

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Induction and catabolite repression of alpha-amylase synthesis in Bacilluslicheniformis SKB4
Authors: Samanta Saptadip , Jana Subhajit , Kar Sanjay , Mohapatra Pradeep Kumar Das , Pati Bikash Ranjan , Mondal Keshab Chandra
Published: December 2017

Microbial amylases have an exciting potentiality and are being used extensively in different industries. In this study, regulation of amylase biosynthesis was examined in Bacillus licheniformis SKB4 (wild type) and its mutant strain (8b). The mutant strain was developed by using UV exposure. Expression of the a-amylase gene of Bacillus licheniformis was activated by inducer and subject to catabolite repression. Addition of exogenous glucose or sucrose repressed bio-synthesis of a-amylase which was concentration (0.05-1.0% w/v) dependent. However, mutant strain could enable to overrule the glucose mediated repressive effect. Supplementation of second messenger like cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP, 5 mM) along with glucose could a little bit improve amylase synthesis in wild strain. Antibiotics like rifampicin and tetracycline (ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis inhibitor; 100mg/ml) had stopped the release of enzyme in both wild and mutant strain. Amylase production was also inhibited in presence of respiratory inhibitor 2,4-dinitrophenol (uncoupler) at (5mM) concentration. Thus, the pattern of regulation of a-amylase production in the present strain was in multiple forms; it showed the classical glucose effect without stimulation of second messenger system.
Cellulolytic Bacillus May or May Not Produce β -Glucosidase Due to Their Environmental Origin – A Case Study
Authors: Neesa Lutfun , Jahan Nasrin , Noman Khan Md. Abdullah Al , Rahman Mohammad Shahedur
Published: December 2017

Microbial cellulases have been drawing attention worldwide because of their massive capacity to process the most abundant cellulosic biomass into sustainable biofuels and other valuable products. Profitable biomass conversion processes are highly dependent on the use of efficient enzymes for lignocellulose degradation. Among the cellulose degrading enzymes, β-glucosidases are essential for efficient hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass as they relieve the inhibition of the cellobiohydrolases and endoglucanases by reducing cellobiose accumulation. In this study cellulolytic bacteria with potential β-glucosidases activity were isolated and screened from biogas plant effluent and dairy effluent near Jahangirnagar University campus. From initial screening a total of 16 isolates were found to have cellulolytic activity, among them three isolates (B1, B5, D4) were selected based on their superior results. All the three bacterial isolates were identified as B. subtilis (B1), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (B5) and B. subtilis (D4) respectively based on their morphological, biochemical and molecular characteristics. The β-glucosidases activity of these three potential cellulolytic bacteria was performed by measuring the release of PNP using pNPG as a substrate and interestingly D4 strain was resulted with β-glucosidases negative where B1 strain was found to have efficient for β-glucosidases activity.
Nivel de ruido de una unidad de cuidado intensivo neonatal en Santa Marta - Colombia
Authors: Garrido Galindo Angelica Patricia , Velez Pereira Andres M , Caicedo Yiniva Camargo
Published: December 2017

Introducción:El ambiente de las unidades de cuidado intensivo neonatal está influenciado por numerosas fuentes de emisión de ruido, que contribuyen a elevar los niveles de ruido y que pueden provocar deficiencias auditivas entre otras alteraciones fisiológicas y psicológicas sobre el neonato, así como problemas al personal asistencial cuando se exceden los niveles.Objetivo:Evaluar el nivel y fuentes de emisión del ruido en la unidad de cuidado intensivo neonatal.Métodos:Se muestreo durante 20 días continuos cada 60 segundos en escala de ponderación frecuencias A y espacial fast, con un sonómetro tipo I, se registraron los parámetros acústicos de nivel medio, máximo y mínimo, y percentil 10, 50 y 90. Se integraron en periodos horarios y por turno, y se estudiaron mediante un análisis de varianza. Las fuentes se caracterizaron en tercios de octavas.Resultados:El nivel medio reportado fue 64.00dB(A), con máximo de 76.04dB(A), mínimo de 54.84dB(A) y ruido de fondo de 57.95dB(A). Se identificaron 4 fuentes con rango entre 16.8-63.3dB(A). El análisis estadístico mostró diferencias significativas entre una media y otra con valores mayores en las primeras horas del día.Conclusión:Los valores presentados superan los estándares sugerido por diversas organizaciones. Las fuentes identificadas y medidas registraron mayor aporte en las frecuencias bajas.
Enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1: utilidad de dos cuestionarios auto-aplicables
Authors: Valdez-Solis Emmanuel Marin , Ramírez-Rentería Claudia , Ferreira-Hermosillo Aldo , Molina-Ayala Mario , Mendoza-Zubieta Victoria , Rodríguez-Pérez Víctor
Published: December 2017

Introducción:Las patologías gastroesofágicas son comunes y multifactoriales en pacientes con diabetes tipo 1 (DM1). La evaluación por medio de panendoscopia y pHmetría es costosa y difícil de realizar en todos los centros de atención, por lo que se requieren algoritmos rentables para su diagnóstico. Existen cuestionarios sencillos y autoaplicables que pueden ser útiles para el diagnóstico de enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico en los pacientes con DM1.Objetivo:Evaluar la utilidad de los cuestionarios FSSG y Carlsson-Dent (CDQ) para detectar la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE) en pacientes con DM1.Métodos:Estudio transversal, se incluyeron 54 pacientes, elegidos al azar de la clínica de DMT1. Previo a la consulta, se les solicitó contestaran los cuestionarios FSSG y el CDQ, considerándose positivos para diagnóstico de ERGE los puntajes >8 y >4, respectivamente. Se analizaron y compararon las características bioquímicas y clínicas entre los pacientes con y sin síntomas de ERGE detectada por medio de los cuestionarios.Resultados:Los pacientes estudiados tenían edad de 29 años (22-35), 67% fueron mujeres, (mediana de diagnóstico de 16 años). El 39% de los pacientes tenían ERGE detectado mediante FSSG y 28% utilizando el cuestionario CDQ. El 71% de los pacientes reportó uso de medicamentos para reflujo. La concordancia entre ambos cuestionarios fue del 65% (p: <0.001). Pacientes que consumen tabaco y con descontrol glucémico, tenían más probabilidades de positividad en cualquier cuestionario.Conclusiones:Existe una alta prevalencia de ERGE en los pacientes con DM1. En esta población el cuestionario FSSG detectó a un mayor número de pacientes en comparación con el CDQ.
Serological and molecular analysis of parvovirus B19 infection in Mayan women with systemic lupus erythematosus in Mexico.
Authors: Valencia Pacheco Guillermo , Nakazawa Ueji Yumi Elena , Rodríguez Dzul Edwin Arturo , Angulo Ramírez Angélica Vanessa , López Villanueva Ricardo Francisco , Quintal Ortíz Irma Guadalupe , Rosado Paredes Elsy Pilar
Published: December 2017

Background:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease that mainly affects women, characterized by the production of autoantibodies. Its causal agent is unknown, but the combination of environmental, hormonal and genetic factors may favor the development of the disease. Parvovirus B19 has been associated with the development of SLE, since it induces the production of anti-single stranded DNA antibodies. It is unknown whether PV-B19 infection is an environmental factor that trigger or reactivate SLE in the Mexican Mayan population.Aim:A preliminary serological and molecular study of PV-B19 infection in Mayan women with established SLE was done.Methods:IgG and IgM anti PV-B19 were evaluated in 66 SLE patients and 66 control subjects, all women of Mayan origin. Viral DNA and viral load were analyzed by qPCR.Results:Insignificant levels of IgM were observed in 14.3% (4/28) of the patients and 11.4% (4/35) of control subjects. IgG was detected in 82.1% (23/28) of the patients and 82.9% (29/35) of control subjects, but were significantly higher in patients. Viral DNA was found in 86.0% (57/66) of the patients and 81.0% (54/66) of control subjects. Viral load, quantified in 28/66 patients and 31/66 controls which were positive for IgM and IgG, was significantly higher in controls.Conclusion:The high prevalence of PV-B19 in Yucatan, and the presence of IgM, IgG, and viral load in Mayan women with established SLE suggest that PV-B19 infection could be an environmental factor to trigger or reactivate SLE.
Transdiscal Core Biopsy of Aortocaval Lymph Node: A Case Report
Authors: Loftus James Ryan , Khanna Vinit
Published: December 2017

The transdiscal approach has been described for nerve block and neurolysis of the hypogastric and celiac plexuses for chronic pain relief; however, reports utilizing the transdiscal approach for biopsy of aortocaval lymph nodes or other retroperitoneal masses are scarce. Traditional posterior paravertebral, lateral, or anterior approaches are often not technically feasible for core biopsy of aortocaval lesions due to overlying bowel, organs, or vessels. In aortocaval or other retroperitoneal lesions inaccessible by traditional techniques, the transdiscal method is invaluable in providing a linear approach that avoids the major vessels, organs, and bowel and allows for core biopsy. This case report demonstrates the use of transdiscal approach for core biopsy of aortocaval lesions otherwise inaccessible by traditional approaches.
Inverse design of self-assembling Frank-Kasper phases and insights into emergent quasicrystals
Authors: Lindquist Beth , Jadrich Ryan , Pineros William , Truskett Thomas
Published: December 2017

We discuss how a machine learning approach based on relative entropy optimization can be used as an inverse design strategy to discover isotropic pair interactions that self-assemble single- or multi-component particle systems into Frank-Kasper phases. In doing so, we also gain insights into self-assembly of quasicrystals.
Facilitators of and Barriers to Providing Access to Community-Based Exercise Programmes for Adults with Post-Stroke Aphasia from the Perspective of Programme Representatives
Authors: Fairbairn Meredith , Wicks Emily , Ait-Ouali Sabrina , Drodge Olivia , Brooks Dina , Huijbregts Maria , Blonski Diane
Published: December 2017

Purpose: Individuals with post-stroke aphasia (PSA) engage in inadequate levels of physical activity (PA), hindering physical and psychosocial recovery. The purpose of this study was to identify the extent to which community-based exercise programmes (CBEPs) in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) are accessible to adults living with PSA and the characteristics of such programmes from the perspective of CBEP representatives. Methods: A cross-sectional, Web-based survey was administered to representatives of CBEPs open to adults post-stroke in the GTA to identify the CBEPs' relevant characteristics and perceived facilitators of and barriers to accessibility. Results: A total of 17 eligible CBEP representatives completed the survey, for a response rate of 32%. The most commonly used exercise instructors were personal trainers (8; 47%). Of the 17 eligible CBEP representatives, 10 (59%) identified a lack of qualified personnel as the main barrier to providing access to adults with PSA. Verbal strategies were among the most commonly used methods of communication with adults with PSA (16; 94%), and written material was the least used (5; 29%). Conclusion: Understanding the common facilitators of and barriers to providing adults with PSA access to CBEPs will assist programme developers to improve the accessibility of CBEPs and facilitate PA in this population.
Let's Talk about the Talk: Exploring the Experience of Discussing Student Performance at the Mid- and Final Points of the Clinical Internship
Authors: Yeldon Jacqueline , Wilson Rose , Laferrière Jacqueline , Arseneau Gillian , Gu, BSc ShanShan , Hall Mark , Norman Kathleen E. , Yoshida Karen , Mori Brenda
Published: December 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of physiotherapy students and clinical instructors (CIs) when discussing student clinical performance at the mid- and final points of clinical internships. The objectives were to identify why performance assessment discussions are valuable, explore the role of each participant throughout the discussion, identify the challenges associated with these discussions, and explore the effect of the standardized assessment tool on the discussion. Methods: This study used a qualitative descriptive design, consisting of student and CI focus groups in the Greater Toronto Area from January to June 2016. Results: All participants (N=29) recognized the importance of having face-to-face performance assessment discussions in a quiet and private space. Students and CIs agreed that the Canadian Physiotherapy Assessment of Clinical Performance helped to structure and focus the discussions. Valuable discussions occurred when students were open minded and self-reflected on their performance and when CIs were honest and used their expertise to guide learning. Other key features included mutual preparedness, two-way feedback that was constructive and tangible, and a goal-setting process. Students described the emotional component of these discussions as being challenging, and CIs found it difficult when a student took a more passive role in the discussion. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that valuable discussions can provide meaningful feedback, strengthen the student–CI relationship, and engage the learner in an ongoing and cumulative learning process that contributes to professional development.
Enhancing Cycling Safety at Signalized Intersections: Analysis of Observed Behavior
Authors: Casello Jeffrey M. , Fraser Adam , Mereu Alex , Fard Pedram
Published: December 2017

Urban transportation systems tend to operate most effectively when common expectations exist about all user travel behavior under various conditions. A wide range of behavior among cyclists presents a significant challenge to the achievement of safer and improved designs at intersections. In this research, cyclists were observed (i.e., through the use of video at fixed-camera locations) as they made left turns at six intersections in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The intersections were classified into five types on the basis of their physical designs and operational characteristics. Cyclist behavior was assessed to determine the propensity to traverse the intersection legally, designated as “rule compliance.” Further, the analysis determined the likelihood that a cyclist would traverse an intersection in a path that was consistent with the design; this outcome was defined as “facility compliance.” The results revealed that the presence of bike boxes, two-phase lefts, and turning lanes with advanced green phases positively influenced cyclists by increasing the likelihood that left turns would be legal and consistent with the behavior intended through the design. The results also suggested that the highest rates of rule and facility compliance existed under the condition in which cyclists approached an intersection during a green signal. On the basis of the observations in the research, design recommendations were made to accommodate cyclists better and produce more consistent behavior and presumably to enhance safety.
L’utilité de la recherche en gestion pour les managers
Authors: Soparnot Richard , Arreola Fernanda , Borel Pascale
Published: December 2017

Cet article traite de deux questions : la recherche en management est-elle pertinente du point de vue des managers ? Et quelles dimensions ces derniers considèrent-ils pour en apprécier l’utilité ? À partir d’une revue de littérature et d’une série d’entretiens collectifs réalisés auprès de managers, l’article révèle les bénéfices de la recherche en management ainsi que les dimensions qui, selon les praticiens, permettent d’en améliorer la pertinence. Il en résulte une discussion sur la conduite de recherches pertinentes en gestion et de contributions à la littérature consacrée à la pertinence.
Les enseignants en gestion face aux nouvelles injonctions institutionnelles
Authors: Lussier Sacha , Chanlat Jean-François
Published: December 2017

Les classements internationaux des établissements d’enseignement supérieur construisent des indicateurs de performance généralement basés sur les articles publiés dans des revues scientifiques internationales. Ces critères de classement sont de plus en plus intégrés par les établissements et influencent leur stratégie ainsi que leur processus d’évaluation des enseignants-chercheurs. Néanmoins, tous les enseignants-chercheurs ne développent pas les mêmes attitudes par rapport à ce système. À la suite d’une étude approfondie menée auprès de plus de cent enseignants-chercheurs de France et du Québec, les auteurs ont pu élaborer une typologie qui rend compte à la fois de la diversité des profils existants et de leurs stratégies d’adaptation face à ces nouvelles injonctions institutionnelles.
Introduction
Authors: Susser Ida
Published: December 2017

It seems crucial to research the transformative aspects of progressive
grassroots movements in the face of the troubling turn to the right in elections
in the United States and parts of Europe. This theme section considers “commoning”
as one way to understand the emergence of social movements in Europe and
the United States. The articles analyze different protests from housing movements,
to anti-antiblack insurgency, redefinitions of the tax code, and the squares movement.
The articles consider how movements around the urban commons change
over time, differ from more traditional social movements, and address or emerge
from the specifics of contemporary regimes. The aim is to develop a theoretical
perspective on commoning, which will provide a framework for comparison
across societies at this juncture.
Afterword
Authors: Kalb Don
Published: December 2017

Commoning over time generates customs in common and therefore commonalities.
The political mobilizations of the past years may well be understood as
a form of urban commoning. However, while such mobilizations may sometimes
understand themselves as anticapitalist, one should resist the apparently logical
idea (1) that the use values off ered by an urban commons are inevitably the opposite
of surplus value, (2) that the urban commons will not just in theory but in
practice be “open for everyone,” (3) and that such commons are necessarily horizontalist
and universalist, as the Left might claim. Historical fascism and the rise
of the new Right in Europe and the United States show that there is an exclusivist
and hierarchical commons against the market too.
Pharmacological validation of the anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative like activities of Capsicum annuum in animal model
Authors: Jawad Muhammad , Khan Haroon , Pervez Samreen , Bawazeer Saud S. , Abu-Izneid Tareq , Saeed Muhammad , Kamal Mohammad A.
Published: December 2017

The current study deals with anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative like activities of Capsicum annuum in animal models. The crude extract was found safe in acute behavior and toxicity studies. However, the n-hexane fraction caused severe acute toxicity. Pretreatment of crude extract and n-hexane fraction elicited marked dose-dependent antianxiety-like effects in elevated plus-maze and dark and light models. The results showed significant (p< 0.05) antianxiety-like effects of crude extract while highly significant (p< 0.001) for n-hexane fraction. Similarly, an effect on muscle coordination was tested in traction model, where both crude extract and n-hexane fraction evoked marked dose-dependent activity. The effect of thiopental-induced sleep test of crude extract and n-hexane fraction was highly significant (p< 0.001). All together, the results revealed potent anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative like activities of C. annuum in animal models and the pharmaco-logically active constituents are mostly non-polar in nature.

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Detecting Composite Functional Module in miRNA Regulation and mRNA Interaction Network
Authors: Yang Yi , Pan Chu
Published: December 2017

The detection of composite miRNA functional module (CMFM) is of tremendous significance and helps in understanding the organization, regulation and execution of cell processes in cancer, but how to identify functional CMFMs is still a computational challenge. In this paper we propose a novel module detection method called MBCFM (detecting Composite Function Modules based on Maximal Biclique enumeration), specifically designed to bicluster miRNAs and target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) on the basis of multiple biological interaction information and topical network features. In this method, we employ algorithm MICA to enumerate all maximal bicliques and further extract R-pairs from the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network. Compared with two existing methods, Mirsynergy and SNMNMF on ovarian cancer dataset, the proposed method of MBCFM is not only able to extract cohesiveness-preserved CMFMs but also has high efficiency in running time. More importantly, MBCFM can be applied to detect other cancer-associated miRNA functional modules.
Modeling and Dynamic Analysis on the Direct Operating Solenoid Valve for Improving the Performance of the Shifting Control System
Authors: Xu Xiangyang , Han Xiao , Liu Yanfang , Liu Yanjing , Liu Yang
Published: December 2017

The dynamic characteristics and energy loss in a shifting control system is important and necessary in the performance improvement of an automatic transmission. The direct operating solenoid valve has been considered as a potential component applying in the shifting control system in vehicle. The previous method can solve only a specific physical field or use the test results of the magnetic force as input curve. The paper presents a numerical approach for solving the multi-domain physical problem of the valve. A precise model of the direct acting solenoid valve considering different physical field is developed. An experimental study is also performed to evaluate and confirm the simulation. Based on the model, the influences on the dynamic characteristics of the valve are analyzed by calculating forces acting on the valve. The systematic analysis of forces and energy loss characteristics are performed for three different flow conditions varying clearance height from 10 µm to 30 µm. The results demonstrate that the pressure response time can be improved with smaller clearance between the spool and the sleeve. Moreover, the leakage of the shifting control system employing the direct acting solenoid valve can be reduced by 60% compared to the conventional two-stage pilot valve in our previous product.
Precision Obtained Using an Artificial Neural Network for Predicting the Material Removal Rate in Ultrasonic Machining
Authors: Zhong Gaoyan , Kang Min , Yang Shoufeng
Published: December 2017

The present study proposes a back propagation artificial neural network (BPANN) to provide improved precision for predicting the material removal rate (MRR) in ultrasonic machining. The BPANN benefits from the advantage of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in dealing with complex input-output relationships without explicit mathematical functions. In our previous study, a conventional linear regression model and improved nonlinear regression model were established for modelling the MRR in ultrasonic machining to reflect the influence of machining parameters on process response. In the present work, we quantitatively compare the prediction precision obtained by the previously proposed regression models and the presently proposed BPANN model. The results of detailed analyses indicate that the BPANN model provided the highest prediction precision of the three models considered. The present work makes a positive contribution to expanding the applications of ANNs and can be considered as a guide for modelling complex problems of general machining.
Investigating the Role of Shell Thickness and Field Cooling on Saturation Magnetization and Its Temperature Dependence in Fe3O4/γ-Fe2O3 Core/Shell Nanoparticles
Authors: Obaidat Ihab M. , Nayek Chiranjib , Manna Kaustuv
Published: December 2017

Understanding saturation magnetization and its behavior with particle size and temperature are essential for medical applications such magnetic hyperthermia. We report the effect of shell thickness and field cooling on the saturation magnetization and its behavior with temperature in Fe3O4/γ-Fe2O3 core/shell nanoparticles of fixed core diameter (8 nm) and several shell thicknesses. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM)) were used to investigate the phase and the morphology of the samples. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) confirmed the core/shell structure and phases. Using a SQUID (San Diego, CA, USA), magnetic measurements were conducted in the temperature range of 2 to 300 K both under zero field-cooling (ZFC) and field-cooling (FC) protocols at several field-cooling values. In the ZFC state, considerable enhancement of saturation magnetization was obtained with the increase of shell thickness. After field cooling, we observed a drastic enhancement of the saturation magnetization in one sample up to 120 emu/g (50% larger than the bulk value). In both the FC and ZFC states, considerable deviations from the original Bloch’s law were observed. These results are discussed and attributed to the existence of interface spin-glass clusters which are modified by the changes in the shell thickness and the field-cooling.
Modeling of Cyclic Strength for the Asphalt Concrete Considering Damage Accumulation
Authors: Iskakbayev Alibai , Teltayev Bagdat , Oliviero Rossi Cesare
Published: December 2017

The expression is obtained for determination of cyclic tensile strength for asphalt concrete, which considers damage accumulation and history of loading, using the long-term strength curve for asphalt concrete obtained according to the test results of more than 110 samples to failure at stresses from 0.05 to 0.31 MPa and by introduction of damage kernel in this paper. Cyclic strength depends on the stress, parameters of long-term strength, frequency of loading, durations of loading and relax periods, and ratio of loading period to the long-term strength. Evaluation of accuracy for the obtained expression for the cyclic strength has been performed by comparison with the results of a series for experimental tests of asphalt concrete samples at a temperature of 22 °С and cyclic loading conditions. The stress is 0.31 MPa, and the durations of loading and relax periods are 5 and 60 s, respectively. Calculations performed with the obtained expressions at real road conditions (the stress is 0.31 MPa, and the durations of loading and relax periods are 0.1 and 9.9 s respectively) showed the possibility of its use for the prediction of fatigue (multicyclic) strength of an asphalt concrete pavement for a highway.
Significance and Diagnostic Role of Antimicrobial Cathelicidins (LL-37) Peptides in Oral Health
Authors: Khurshid Zohaib , Naseem Mustafa , Yahya I. Asiri Faris , Mali Maria , Sannam Khan Rabia , Sahibzada Haafsa , Zafar Muhammad , Faraz Moin Syed , Khan Erum
Published: December 2017

Cathelicidins are a group of oral antimicrobial peptides that play multiple vital roles in the human body, such as their antimicrobial (broad spectrum) role against oral microbes, wound healing, and angiogenesis, with recent evidences about their role in cancer regulation. Cathelicidins are present in humans and other mammals as well. By complex interactions with the microenvironment, it results in pro-inflammatory effects. Many in vitro and in vivo experiments have been conducted to ultimately conclude that these unique peptides play an essential role in innate immunity. Peptides are released in the precursor form (defensins), which after cleavage results in cathelicidins formation. Living in the era where the major focus is on non-invasive and nanotechnology, this ultimately leads to further advancements in the field of salivaomics. Based on current spotlight innovations, we have highlighted the biochemistry, mode of action, and the importance of cathelicidins in the oral cavity.
Patients’ Perspectives on the Design of Hospital Outpatient Areas
Authors: Zhao Yisong , Mourshed Monjur
Published: December 2017

There is a growing interest among healthcare managers and designers in moving towards a ‘patient-centred’ design of health and care facilities by integrating patient perceptions and expectations of the physical environment where care takes place. Increased interests in physical environments can mostly be attributed to our improved understanding of their role in patients’ health outcomes and staff productivity. There is a gap in the literature on users’ perspectives on physical settings in the context of healthcare. Moreover, the connection of care services with the design of the facility is often overlooked partly due to the lack of evidence. This research was aimed at filling the gap by exploring outpatients’ perspectives on design factors related to the areas frequented by them, e.g., hospital waiting areas. A 16-item questionnaire was conducted among randomly selected outpatients in two hospitals in Qingdao, China, with a response rate of 84.3%. Five principal factors were identified: sensory; lighting and thermal; facilities; spatial; and seating design, which agreed with the literature. Non-parametric tests were applied to assess variances in constructed principal dimensions concerning demographic variables. Female outpatients were found to be more perceptive of the ‘sensory design’ factors than males. The number of previous visits to the hospital was found to be associated with ‘spatial’ and ‘seating design’ factors, while respondents’ age had an association with ‘sensory’ and ‘seating design’ factors. Respondents ranked ‘noise’ and ‘air freshness’ and ‘cleanliness’ as highly important.
Challenges in Aquatic Physical Habitat Assessment: Improving Conservation and Restoration Decisions for Contemporary Watersheds
Authors: Hubbart Jason , Kellner Elliott , Kinder Paul , Stephan Kirsten
Published: December 2017

Attribution of in-stream biological impairment to anthropogenic activities and prioritization for restoration and/or conservation can be challenging in contemporary mixed-land-use watersheds. Critical information necessary to improve decision making can be costly and labor intensive, and thus unobtainable for many municipalities. A reduced cost, rapid stream physical habitat assessment (rPHA) can yield information that, when paired with land use data may reveal causal patterns in aquatic physical habitat degradation, and thus assist targeting sites for restoration. However, a great deal of work is needed to reduce associated costs, and validate the potential of rPHA for documenting fine-scale incremental change in physical habitat conditions in complex contemporary watersheds. The following commentary serves to draw attention to rPHA challenges and research needs including (but not limited to) field-based validation and optimization of new remote sensing technologies, evaluation of the accuracy and representativeness of rapid vegetation survey methods, refinement of analytical methods, and consideration of legacy land use impacts and hydrologic system evolution in rPHA results interpretation. Considering the value of rPHA-generated data for improvement of watershed resource management, such challenges constitute timely, high-impact research opportunities for investigators wishing to advance complex, contemporary aquatic ecosystem management.
Effect of Hydrogen Concentration on the Growth of Carbon Nanotube Arrays for Gecko-Inspired Adhesive Applications
Authors: Li Yang , Ji Keju , Duan Yali , Meng Guiyun , Dai Zhendong
Published: December 2017

Vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) have extraordinary structural and mechanical properties, and have been considered as potential candidates for creating dry adhesives inspired by adhesive structures in nature. Catalytic chemical vapor deposition is widely used to grow VACNTs; however, the influential mechanism of VACNT preparation parameters (such as H2 concentration) on its adhesion property is not clear, making accurate control over the structure of VACNTs adhesive an ongoing challenge. In this article, we use electron beam-deposited SiO2/Al2O3 as a support layer, Fe as catalyst, and C2H4/H2 gas mixtures as a feed gas to prepare VACNTs, while varying the ratio of the reducing atmosphere (H2) from 0% to 35%. VACNTs synthesized at a 15% H2 concentration (5 mm × 5 mm in size) can support a maximal weight of 856 g, which indicates a macroscopic shear adhesive strength of 34 N/cm2. We propose a hydrogen-concentration-dependent model for the shear adhesive performance of VACNTs. By adjusting the amount of hydrogen present during the reaction, the morphology and quality of the prepared VACNTs can be precisely controlled, which significantly influences its shear adhesive performance. These results are advantageous for the application of carbon nanotubes as dry adhesives.
Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Bearings Based on EWT and KDEC
Authors: Ge Mingtao , Wang Jie , Ren Xiangyang
Published: December 2017

This study proposes a novel fault diagnosis method that is based on empirical wavelet transform (EWT) and kernel density estimation classifier (KDEC), which can well diagnose fault type of the rolling element bearings. With the proposed fault diagnosis method, the vibration signal of rolling element bearing was firstly decomposed into a series of F modes by EWT, and the root mean square, kurtosis, and skewness of the F modes were computed and combined into the feature vector. According to the characteristics of kernel density estimation, a classifier based on kernel density estimation and mutual information was proposed. Then, the feature vectors were input into the KDEC for training and testing. The experimental results indicated that the proposed method can effectively identify three different operative conditions of rolling element bearings, and the accuracy rates was higher than support vector machine (SVM) classifier and back-propagation (BP) neural network classifier.
L1-Minimization Algorithm for Bayesian Online Compressed Sensing
Authors: Rossi Paulo , Vicente Renato
Published: December 2017

In this work, we propose a Bayesian online reconstruction algorithm for sparse signals based on Compressed Sensing and inspired by L1-regularization schemes. A previous work has introduced a mean-field approximation for the Bayesian online algorithm and has shown that it is possible to saturate the offline performance in the presence of Gaussian measurement noise when the signal generating distribution is known. Here, we build on these results and show that reconstruction is possible even if prior knowledge about the generation of the signal is limited, by introduction of a Laplace prior and of an extra Kullback–Leibler divergence minimization step for hyper-parameter learning.
A Security Level Classification Method for Power Systems under N-1 Contingency
Authors: Lu Zhigang , He Liangce , Zhang Dan , Zhao Boxuan , Zhang Jiangfeng , Zhao Hao
Published: December 2017

Security assessment is crucial for the reliable and secure operation of power systems. This paper proposes a security level classification (SLC) method to analyze the security level of power systems both qualitatively and quantitatively. In this SLC method, security levels are graded according to a comprehensive safety index (CSI), which is defined by integrating the system margin index (SMI) and load entropy. The SMI depends on the operating load and the total supply capacity (TSC) under N-1 contingency, and the load entropy reflects the heterogeneity of load distribution calculated from entropy theory. In order to calculate the TSC under N-1 contingency considering both of the computational accuracy and speed, the TSC is converted into an extended conic quadratic programming (ECQP) model. In addition, the load boundary vector (LBV) model is established to obtain the capacity limit of each load bus, and thus detect potential risks of power systems. Finally, two modified practical power systems and the IEEE 118-bus test system are studied to validate the feasibility of the proposed SLC method.
Multiscale Modeling of a Packed Bed Chemical Looping Reforming (PBCLR) Reactor
Authors: Singhal Arpit , Cloete Schalk , Quinta-Ferreira Rosa , Amini Shahriar
Published: December 2017

Packed bed reactors are broadly used in industry and are under consideration for novel reactor concepts such as packed bed chemical looping reforming (PBCLR). Mass and heat transfer limitations in and around the particles in packed bed reactors strongly affect the behavior of these units. This study employs a multiscale modeling methodology to simulate a PBCLR reactor. Specifically, small-scale particle-resolved direct numerical simulation is utilized to improve large-scale mass transfer models for use in an industrial scale 1D model. Existing intra-particle mass transfer models perform well for simple first order reactions, but several model enhancements were required to model the more complex steam methane reforming reaction system. Three specific aspects required enhanced modeling: the generation of additional gas volume by the reforming reactions, the lack of clear reaction orders in the equilibrium reactions, and the diffusion of multiple reactant species into the particle. Large-scale simulations of the PBCLR reactor with the enhanced 1D model showed that the highly reactive Ni-based catalyst/oxygen carrier employed allows for the use of large particle sizes and high gas flowrates, offering potential for process intensification.