bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The domesticated transposon protein L1TD1 associates with its ancestor L1 ORF1p to promote LINE-1 retrotransposition
Authors: Kavaklıoğlu Gülnihal , Podhornik Alexandra , Vcelkova Terezia , Marjanovic Jelena , Beck Mirjam A. , Phan-Canh Trinh , Mair Theresia , Miccolo Claudia , Drino Aleksej , Egger Gerda , Chiocca Susanna , Modic Miha , Seiser Christian
Published: April 2024

Repression of retrotransposition is crucial for the successful fitness of a mammalian organism. The domesticated transposon protein L1TD1, derived from LINE-1 ORF1p, is an RNA-binding protein that is expressed only in some cancers and early embryogenesis. In human embryonic stem cells it is found to be essential for maintaining pluripotency. In cancer, L1TD1 expression is highly correlative with malignancy progression and as such considered a potential prognostic factor for tumors. However, its molecular role in cancer remains largely unknown. Our findings reveal that DNA hypomethylation induces the expression of L1TD1 in HAP1 human tumor cells. L1TD1 depletion significantly modulates both the proteome and transcriptome and thereby reduces cell viability. Notably, L1TD1 associates with LINE-1 transcripts and interacts with LINE-1 ORF1p protein, thereby facilitating LINE-1 retrotransposition. Our data suggest that L1TD1 collaborates with its ancestral LINE-1 ORF1p as an RNA chaperone, ensuring the efficient retrotransposition of LINE-1 retrotransposons, rather than directly impacting the abundance of L1TD1 targets. In this way, L1TD1 might have an important role not only during early development but also in tumorigenesis.
Pectin methylesterase activity is required for RALF1 peptide signalling output
Authors: Rößling Ann-Kathrin , Dünser Kai , Liu Chenlu , Lauw Susan , Rodriguez-Franco Marta , Kalmbach Lothar , Barbez Elke , Kleine-Vehn Jürgen
Published: April 2024

The extracellular matrix plays an integrative role in cellular responses in plants, but its contribution to the signalling of extracellular ligands largely remains to be explored. Rapid alkalinisation factors (RALFs) are extracellular peptide hormones that play pivotal roles in various physiological processes. Here, we address a crucial connection between the de-methylesterification machinery of the cell wall component pectin and RALF1 activity. Pectin is a polysaccharide, contributing to the structural integrity of the cell wall. Our data illustrate that the pharmacological and genetic interference with pectin methyl esterases (PMEs) abolishes RALF1-induced root growth repression. Our data suggest that positively charged RALF1 peptides bind negatively charged, de-methylesterified pectin with high avidity. We illustrate that the RALF1 association with de-methylesterified pectin is required for its FERONIA-dependent perception, contributing to the control of the extracellular matrix and the regulation of plasma membrane dynamics. Notably, this mode of action is independent of the FER-dependent extracellular matrix sensing mechanism provided by FER interaction with the leucine-rich repeat extensin (LRX) proteins. We propose that the methylation status of pectin acts as a contextualizing signalling scaffold for RALF peptides, linking extracellular matrix dynamics to peptide hormone-mediated responses.
Unraveling the impact of congenital deafness on individual brain organization
Authors: Amaral Lénia , Xiaosha Wang , Yanchao Bi , Ella Striem-Amit
Published: April 2024

Research on brain plasticity, particularly in the context of deafness, consistently emphasizes the reorganization of the auditory cortex. However, a critical question arises: to what extent do all individuals with deafness show the same level of reorganization? To address this question, we examined the individual differences in deafness functional connectivity (FC), specifically from the deprived auditory cortex. Our findings demonstrate a remarkable differentiation between individuals deriving from the absence of shared auditory experiences, resulting in heightened FC variability among deaf individuals, compared to more consistent FC in the hearing group. Notably, connectivity to language regions becomes more diverse across individuals in deafness. This does not stem from delayed language acquisition, as it is found in deaf native signers, who are exposed to rich natural language since birth. However, comparing FC diversity between deaf native signers and deaf delayed signers who were deprived of language in early development, we show that language experience also impacts individual differences, although to a more moderate extent. Overall, our research points out the intricate interplay between brain plasticity and individual differences, shedding light on the diverse ways reorganization manifests among individuals. It further joins findings in blindness, showing that individual differences are affected by sensory experience. Finally, these findings highlight the importance of considering individual differences in personalized rehabilitation for hearing loss.
Unraveling the impact of congenital deafness on individual brain organization
Authors: Amaral Lénia , Wang Xiaosha , Bi Yanchao , Striem-Amit Ella
Published: April 2024

Research on brain plasticity, particularly in the context of deafness, consistently emphasizes the reorganization of the auditory cortex. However, a critical question arises: to what extent do all individuals with deafness show the same level of reorganization? To address this question, we examined the individual differences in deafness functional connectivity (FC), specifically from the deprived auditory cortex. Our findings demonstrate a remarkable differentiation between individuals deriving from the absence of shared auditory experiences, resulting in heightened FC variability among deaf individuals, compared to more consistent FC in the hearing group. Notably, this increased variability is particularly pronounced in regions where FC diverges between the deaf and hearing individuals, reflecting the individual differences in how the brain reorganizes in response to sensory deprivation. Additionally, connectivity to language regions also becomes more diverse in deafness across individuals. Importantly, this does not stem from delayed language acquisition, as it is found in deaf native signers, who are exposed to rich natural language since birth. Further, comparing FC diversity between deaf native signers and deaf delayed signers who were deprived of language in early development, we show that language experience also impacts individual differences, although to a more moderate extent. Overall, our research points out the intricate interplay between brain plasticity and individual differences, shedding light on the diverse ways reorganization manifests among individuals. It further joins findings in blindness, showing that individual differences are affected by sensory experience. Finally, these findings highlight the importance of considering individual differences in personalized rehabilitation for hearing loss.
Functional identification of soluble uric acid as an endogenous inhibitor of CD38
Authors: Wen Shijie , Arakawa Hiroshi , Yokoyama Shigeru , Shirasaka Yoshiyuki , Higashida Haruhiro , Tamai Ikumi
Published: April 2024

Excessive elevation or reduction of soluble uric acid (sUA) levels has been linked to some of pathological states, raising another subject that sUA at physiological levels may be essential for the maintenance of health. Yet, the fundamental physiological functions and molecular targets of sUA remain largely unknown. Using enzyme assays and in vitro and in vivo metabolic assays, we demonstrate that sUA directly inhibits the hydrolase and cyclase activities of CD38 via a reversible non-competitive mechanism, thereby limiting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) degradation. CD38 inhibition is restricted to sUA in purine metabolism, and a structural comparison using methyl analogs of sUA such as caffeine metabolites shows that 1,3-dihydroimidazol-2-one is the main functional group. Moreover, sUA at physiological levels prevents crude lipopolysaccharide (cLPS)-induced systemic inflammation and monosodium urate (MSU) crystal-induced peritonitis in mice by interacting with CD38. Together, this study unveils an unexpected physiological role for sUA in controlling NAD + availability and innate immunity through CD38 inhibition, providing a new perspective on sUA homeostasis and purine metabolism.
On the Role of VP3-PI3P Interaction in Birnavirus Endosomal Membrane Targeting
Authors: Zanetti Flavia A , Fernández Ignacio , Baquero Eduard , Guardado-Calvo Pablo , Ferrino-Iriarte Andres , Dubois Sarah , Morel Etienne , Alfonso Victoria , Aguilera Milton O , Celayes María E , Polo Luis M , Suhaiman Laila , Galassi Vanesa V , Chiarpotti María V , Allende Carolina , Rodríguez Javier M , Castón José R , Lijavetzky Diego , Taboga Oscar , Colombo María I , Del Pópolo Mario G , Rey Félix A , Delgui Laura R
Published: April 2024

Birnaviruses are a group of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses infecting birds, fish and insects. Early endosomes (EE) constitute the platform for viral replication. Here, we study the mechanism of birnaviral targeting of EE membranes. Using the Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) as a model, we validate that the viral protein 3 (VP3) binds to phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P) present in EE membranes. We identify the domain of VP3 involved in PI3P-binding, named P2 and localized in the core of VP3, and establish the critical role of the arginine at position 200 (R
200
), conserved among all known birnaviruses. Mutating R
200
abolishes viral replication. Moreover, we propose a two-stage modular mechanism for VP3 association with EE. Firstly, the carboxy-terminal region of VP3 adsorbs on the membrane, and then the VP3 core reinforces the membrane engagement by specifically binding PI3P through its P2 domain, additionally promoting PI3P accumulation.
High Frequency Terahertz Stimulation Alleviates Neuropathic Pain by Inhibiting the Pyramidal Neuron Activity in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex of mice
Authors: Peng Wenyu , Wang Pan , Tan Chaoyang , Zhao Han , Chen Kun , Si Huaxing , Tian Yuchen , Lou Anxin , Zhu Zhi , Yuan Yifang , Wu Kaijie , Chang Chao , Wu Yuanming , Chen Tao
Published: April 2024

Neuropathic pain (NP) is caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory system and is characterized by abnormal hypersensitivity to stimuli and nociceptive responses to non-noxious stimuli, affecting approximately 7– 10% of the general population. However, current first-line drugs like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and opioids have limitations, including dose-limiting side effects, dependence, and tolerability issues. Therefore, developing new interventions for the management of NP is urgent. In this study, we discovered that the high-frequency terahertz stimulation (HFTS) at approximate 36 THz effectively alleviates NP symptoms in mice with spared nerve injury.
In vivo
and
in vitro
results demonstrate that HFTS reduces the excitability of pyramidal neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex through enhancing the voltage-gated K
+
(Kv) conductance. Computational simulation suggests that the frequency resonates with the carbonyl group in the filter region of Kv1.2 channels, facilitating the translocation of potassium ions. This research presents a novel optical intervention strategy with terahertz waves for the treatment of NP and holds promising application in other nervous system diseases.
Immunogenicity and safety of a live-attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate based on multiple attenuation mechanisms
Authors: Suzuki-Okutani Mie , Okamura Shinya , Gis Tang , Sasaki Hitomi , Lee Suni , Yoshida Akiho , Goto Simon , Nakagawa Tatsuya , Ikawa Masahito , Kamitani Wataru , Takekawa Shiro , Yamanishi Koichi , Ebina Hirotaka
Published: April 2024

mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 were rapidly developed and effective during the pandemic. However, some limitations remain to be resolved, such as the short-lived induced immune response and certain adverse effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new vaccines that address these issues. While live-attenuated vaccines are a highly effective modality, they pose a risk of adverse effects, including virulence reversion. In the current study, we constructed a live-attenuated vaccine candidate, BK2102, combining naturally occurring virulence-attenuating mutations in the
NSP14
,
NSP1
, spike and
ORF7-8
coding regions. Intranasal inoculation with BK2102 induced humoral and cellular immune responses in Syrian hamsters without apparent tissue damage in the lungs, leading to protection against a SARS-CoV-2 D614G and an Omicron BA.5 strains. The neutralizing antibodies induced by BK2102 persisted for up to 364 days, which indicated that they confer long-term protection against infection. Furthermore, we confirmed the safety of BK2102 using transgenic (Tg) mice expressing human ACE2 (hACE2), that are highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. BK2102 did not kill the Tg mice, even when virus was administered at a dose of 10
6
plaque-forming units (PFU), while 10
2
PFU of the D614G strain or an attenuated strain lacking the furin cleavage site (FCS) of the spike was sufficient to kill mice. These results suggest that BK2102 is a promising live-vaccine candidate strain that confers long-term protection without significant virulence.
Polarised but similar
Authors: Laineste Liisi , Fiadotava Anastasiya
Published: April 2024

Conflict divides society by bringing out opposing opinions and social, political and cultural difference. Humour becomes a way to disseminate and comment on opinions as well as to mark divisions in the public sphere. Even though humour is ambiguous in nature, its stance (Shifman 2014) is made evident through content and/or context. In cases where the content of pro- and anti-democratic humour is similar, meta-discourse decides the stance.
In this article we look at the (mainly online) humour that has emerged as a reaction to politically polarising conflicts. We use as examples the 2020 protests in Belarus and the Russian war in Ukraine. We analyse common and unusual motifs in pro- and anti-democratic humour born from these conflicts and discuss the sources used to create this humour. The results show that anti-democratic humour has fewer layers of reference and is less subtle than pro-democratic humour as the latter needs to circumvent censorship. Pro-democratic humour makes ample use of self-irony in contrast to the more rigid and offensive position taken in anti-democratic humour. Pro-democratic humour also needs to be more inclusive as it often spreads within a wider, more global audience catering for wider tastes in humour.
Humour and the public sphere
Authors: Kuipers Giselinde , Zijp Dick
Published: April 2024

In this article, which serves as an introduction to a special issue on humor and the public sphere, we argue that humor has become increasingly central to public discourse in the 21st century, and that this necessitates a rethinking of the relationship between humor and the public sphere in contemporary democracies. In the article, we bring together the dispersed academic literature on humor and the public sphere, and show how humor and comedy scholars have engaged with the long-standing academic debate around this contested concept, which was coined by Jürgen Habermas in 1962. We also introduce the eleven contributions to this special issue and situate them within this ongoing debate.
A CT-based integrated model for preoperative prediction of occult lymph node metastasis in early tongue cancer
Authors: Han Wei , Wang Yingshu , Li Tao , Dong Yuke , Dang Yanwei , He Liang , Xu Lianfang , Zhou Yuhao , Li Yujie , Wang Xudong
Published: April 2024

Background

Occult lymph node metastasis (OLNM) is an essential prognostic factor for early-stage tongue cancer (cT1-2N0M0) and a determinant of treatment decisions. Therefore, accurate prediction of OLNM can significantly impact the clinical management and outcomes of patients with tongue cancer. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a multiomics-based model to predict OLNM in patients with early-stage tongue cancer.

Methods

The data of 125 patients diagnosed with early-stage tongue cancer (cT1-2N0M0) who underwent primary surgical treatment and elective neck dissection were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 100 patients were randomly assigned to the training set and 25 to the test set. The preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and clinical data on these patients were collected. Radiomics features were extracted from the primary tumor as the region of interest (ROI) on CT images, and correlation analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method were used to identify the most relevant features. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier was constructed and compared with other machine learning algorithms. With the same method, a clinical model was built and the peri-tumoral and intra-tumoral images were selected as the input for the deep learning model. The stacking ensemble technique was used to combine the multiple models. The predictive performance of the integrated model was evaluated for accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC), and compared with expert assessment. Internal validation was performed using a stratified five-fold cross-validation approach.

Results

Of the 125 patients, 41 (32.8%) showed OLNM on postoperative pathological examination. The integrated model achieved higher predictive performance compared with the individual models, with an accuracy of 84%, a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 76.5%, and an AUC-ROC of 0.949 (95% CI [0.870–1.000]). In addition, the performance of the integrated model surpassed that of younger doctors and was comparable to the evaluation of experienced doctors.

Conclusions

The multiomics-based model can accurately predict OLNM in patients with early-stage tongue cancer, and may serve as a valuable decision-making tool to determine the appropriate treatment and avoid unnecessary neck surgery in patients without OLNM.
The Effectiveness of One Malungon Radio-Television/Radio-Based Instruction in the Lens of Learners in the Remote Areas of East-Malungon District: A Case Analysis
Authors: Tabasondra Ezra Lou
Published: April 2024

This study seeks to determine the effectiveness of implementing OMR-Tele/RBI in the remote areas of the Municipality of Malungon. The research employed a qualitative case study method that utilized key informant interviews with the Junior High School learners and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with home learning partners in Malungon, Sarangani Province. According to the findings, OMR-Tele/RBI benefits some learners, particularly junior high school learners, because they can study anywhere, anytime, and at their discretion. However, due to their short concentration span and inability to study independently, primary learners are unsuitable for OMR-Tele/RBI. Problems with OMR-Tele/RBI have also hindered remote learning. Most learners living in mountain areas have slow or even no access to radio or the internet. Moreover, the majority of learners lived in small houses with no subdivisions. Therefore, students were unable to find a peaceful place to study. As a consequence, students cannot concentrate while listening to or viewing the lessons. In addition, it was recommended that the teacher models and facilitators be equipped to construct age- and level-appropriate audio or video lessons. Additionally, the audio and video lessons should be quality-assured to ensure the program’s effectiveness.
Mathematical Misconceptions of Senior High School Students: Implications to Mathematics Curriculum
Authors: Quinio Karen , Cuarto  Polemer
Published: April 2024

Misconceptions often pose significant barriers to effective mathematics learning. This study aimed to investigate the misconceptions prevalent in general mathematics and statistics and probability among senior high school students taught during the modular learning modality. Through a mixed-methods approach, involving quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, mathematical misconceptions such as procedural knowledge, misapplication of formulas, internal barriers, misleading assumptions, and limited question understanding were identified. The study highlights the implications of these findings for curriculum design, teacher professional development, student-centered instruction, and the development of supplementary resources. Moreover, the study underscores the need for tailored interventions to rectify misconceptions, cultivate a deeper understanding of mathematical concepts, and foster accurate probabilistic reasoning among senior high school students during the new normal mode of instruction.
Transactional Management, Transformational Leadership, Organizational Culture, and Teaching Competencies of Teachers in Basic Education
Authors: Risonar Cupid Jones , Prado Nenita , Digamon Jayson
Published: April 2024

There are concerns about teachers’ pedagogical competencies in the Philippines due to reports of poor performance by Filipino students in various academic disciplines. Studies show that teaching has more impact than other factors like services, facilities, and even leadership. Therefore, this study examined the teaching competencies of elementary school teachers, and sought which among transactional management, transformational leadership, and organizational culture are its best predictor/s. Questionnaires, in the form of hard copies and Google Forms, were used as data collection tools after undergoing rigorous scientific testing to ensure accuracy and consistency. Using Raosoft sample size calculator and reliability guidelines (Howard, 2016), this research study gathered information from 479 primary school teachers in two divisions: Gingoog City and Misamis Oriental. They were chosen using a proportionate stratified random technique. As implied by the results, it has been observed that teachers possess remarkable teaching competencies when planning, developing, and achieving desired outcomes. In addition, the teaching competencies of elementary teachers are significantly influenced by the levels of transactional management and transformational leadership exhibited by the school head, as well as the organizational culture they foster. They also demonstrate high confidence in their ability to impact student learning, effectively handle classroom management, actively engage in continuous professional development, and implement effective teaching strategies. The top predictors are cultural strength, achieving goals under organizational culture, and developing and changing under transformational leadership. All these predictors have a positive and direct impact on teaching competencies, which means that when these variables’ levels increase.
Unveiling the Rich Tapestry of Minor Fruit Crops: Cultivation Practices, Market Strategies, and Contributions to Agricultural Diversity and Sustainability
Authors: Banerjee Aranyak , Manasa S. , Ranganna G. , Chowdhury Subhadip , Singh Anshuman , Ravindra Naik Reema , Raizada Osheen , Chawla Ritik
Published: April 2024

Cultivating minor fruit crops constitutes a vital component of diversified agriculture, contributing to local economies, dietary variety, and niche markets. This explores the intricacies of minor fruit crop production, emphasizing the importance of suitable variety selection, meticulous cultivation practices, and effective pest management. Key considerations include water and nutrient management, pruning techniques, and post-harvest handling. Market strategies such as exploring local markets and value addition are discussed, highlighting growth opportunities. The cultivation of minor fruit crops not only enhances agricultural biodiversity but also fosters resilient and sustainable food systems. This encapsulates the essence of cultivating minor fruit crops, highlighting their significance in the broader agricultural landscape. Value addition through processing, such as making jams, jellies, or juices, is discussed as a means of enhancing market appeal and economic viability for growers. The role of minor fruit crops in promoting agricultural sustainability and resilience. By fostering biodiversity and offering alternatives to globally dominant fruit varieties, these crops contribute to the creation of dynamic and resilient food systems.
Penilaian Bangunan Hijau Dari Aspek Produksi Carbon Footprint Dengan Menggunakan Rating Tool EDGE Pada Tahap Desain (Studi Kasus Gedung Kedokteran Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata)
Authors: Putra Rezza Mahendra , Hermawan Surya
Published: April 2024

Industri konstruksi telah mengalami perkembangan yang pesat dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, didorong oleh inovasi teknologi, dan perubahan kebutuhan pasar yang meningkat setiap tahun-nya. Namun dibalik kemajuan industri konstruksi memberikan dampak negatif yang patut diperhatikan. Berkurangnya lahan hijau, penggunaan sumber daya alam berlebihan, dan jejak karbon yang ditinggalkan oleh industri bangunan dapat menjadi masalah serius. Oleh karena itu tujuan dari penelitian ini secara Profesionalisme adalah melihat seberapa efektif bangunan dengan konsep ramah lingkungan mampu untuk menekan produksi jejak karbon pada fase desain, secara Etika meninjau bagaimana sikap dan tangung jawab insinyur sebagai pelaku industri ini menanggapi gerakan konsep bangunan ramah lingkungan dan secara K3 meninjau bagaimana pengaruh prosedur pemberlakuan prosedure K3 di lapangan dapat mempengaruhi produksi jejak karbon. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah observasi kualitatif dengan menganalisis total jejak karbon dari dua jenis bangunan, insinyur dapat mengevaluasi efektivitas penerapan prinsip bangunan ramah lingkungan. Penggunaan perangkat lunak EDGE untuk menganalisis data juga memberikan pendekatan yang canggih dalam mendapatkan hasil yang akurat. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah secara profesionalisme bangunan dengan konsep ramah lingkungan mampu untuk menekan produksi jejak karbon pada fase desain sebesar 94 kgCO2e/m2, secara etika lingkungan memvalidasi penggunaan konsep bangunan ramah lingkungan secara K3 prosedure K3 di lapangan dapat mempengaruhi produksi jejak karbon. Penelitian ini memiliki beberapa keterbatasan yang perlu diperhatikan perbandingan dengan program sertifikasi lain seperti LEED atau BREEAM juga dapat menjadi pertimbangan untuk penelitian mendatang.
Echocardiographic findings in one case of Swyer‐James syndrome
Authors: Piovan M. , Sanson A. , Milani L. , Vallis G.
Published: July 2009

The Swyer‐James syndrome is an uncommon disease. The main finding is a hyperlucent lung with small hilar shadows on chest x‐ray. This is due to a decrease in pulmonary artery size at its origin and in the number and size of pulmonary branches. Pulmonary angiography is the standard method for diagnosis. We report a case of a unilateral hyperlucent lung in which the diagnosis was suggested by an echocardiographic evaluation.
Thrombolytic therapy in spontaneous coronary artery dissection
Authors: Behnam Ramsey , Tillinghast Stanley
Published: July 2009

A 42‐year‐old female with no cardiac risk factors had an acute anterolateral myocardial infarction treated with intravenous (IV) tissue plasminogen activator (t‐PA). Selective coronary cineangiography a week later revealed extensive dissection of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and its second diagonal branch. Sixteen months later, she is asymptomatic. This is the fifth reported case of spontaneous coronary artery dissection treated with thrombolytic therapy during the acute event with uneventful recovery.
Diastolic pressure‐volume relationship during handgrip exercise in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Yoshikawa Tsutomu , Miyazaki Toshihisa , Akaishi Makoto , Ohnishi Showhei , Handa Shunnosuke , Nakamura Yoshiro
Published: July 2009

There is some controversy regarding the mechanisms of an upward shift in the left ventricular diastolic pressure‐volume curve during ischemia. The effects of handgrip exercise on the pressure‐volume curve were examined in 21 patients with coronary artery disease and in 6 control subjects. Pressure‐volume curves were constructed from digitized left ventricular pressure and volume derived from biplane left ventriculogram. Diastolic pressure‐volume curve shifted upward in 12 patients with coronary artery disease during handgrip exercise (Group 1), but not in the other 9 patients who were similarly afflicted (Group 2). The upward shift did not occur in any control subject. No difference was observed in rate‐pressure product gain during exercise. In Group 1, left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure increased (p<0.01) and ejection fraction was reduced (p<0.01), although it did not change in Group 2. In Group 1, the time constant was prolonged (p<0.01) with no change in the coefficient for elastic modulus. In Group 2, these parameters remained unchanged. Group 1 was accompanied by more extensive asynergy than Group 2. Thus, isometric handgrip exercise resulted in an upward shift in the diastolic pressure‐volume curve in patients with coronary artery disease. Incomplete relaxation and/or the viscoelastic properties of the left ventricle associated with ischemia could be responsible for this phenomenon.
Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education: What Education Do You Want?
Authors: Richard Conti C.
Published: July 2009

Fortunately, the older we get the more we learn. Unfortunately, the older we get the more we forget. Therefore, CME is not a luxury, but a necessity.
Hyperhomocysteinemia and Endothelial Function in Young Subjects: Effects of Vitamin Supplementation
Authors: Hirsch Sandra , De La Maza M. Pia , Petermann Margarita M.Sc. , Barrera Gladys , Gattas Vivian , Escobar Edgardo , Yañez Paulina , Glasinovic Andrea , Bunout Daniel
Published: July 2009

Background: The relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia and cardiovascular disease has not been totally elucidated.

Hypothesis: The study aimed to verify the association between hyperhomocysteinemia and endothelial dysfunction before and after modification of total homocysteine (tHcy) serum levels with vitamin supplementation in young male subjects devoid of any other cardiovascular risk factor.

Methods: Twenty hyperhomocysteinemic (tHcy gt; 15 μmol/1) male volunteers (≤ 40 years) and 20 age‐matched subjects with normal tHcy levels (tHcy < 13 μmol/1) were included. Exclusion criteria were smoking, hypertension, diabetes, vitamin ingestion, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, renal failure, and positive antiphospholipid antibodies. Serum tHcy, folate, vitamin B12 levels, activated protein C and S, protein C resistance, fibrinogen, prothrombin, thrombin, antithrombin III, and in vitro oxidation of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) particles were measured. Noninvasive ultrasound measurements of endothelium‐dependent (EDD) and ‐independent dilatation (EID) of the brachial artery were performed. Each pair was then randomly assigned to receive a vitamin capsule (0.6 mg folic acid, 0.8 mg B12, and 2.0 mg B6) or an identical placebo during 8 weeks, in a double‐blind study design. After the treatment phase, blood samples and vascular reactivity were repeated.

Results: Nine pairs of volunteers received vitamins and 11 received placebo. Hyperhomocysteinemic subjects had lower baseline serum levels of vitamin B12. Serum folate levels, antithrombotic function, in vitro LDL oxidation, and EDD were similar in all groups. After the vitamin supplementation, serum folic acid levels increased significantly both in normo‐and hyperhomocysteinemic subjects, unlike vitamin B12, which increased only in the hyperhomocysteinemic individuals. Plasma tHcy decreased significantly in the supplemented groups. Treatment with vitamins was not associated with improvement in EDD or antithrombotic function.

Conclusions: Mild hyperhomocysteinemia is not associated with endothelial dysfunction in young male subjects with no additional cardiovascular risk factors, and reduction of tHcy by vitamin supplementation does not modify EDD in this age group. In this sample, tHcy was more related to vitamin B12 than to folic acid status.
Assessment of Left Internal Mammary Artery Graft Patency by Transthoracic Doppler Echocardiography
Authors: El‐Masry Magdy M. , Salama Mai M. , Darwish Ahmed Z. , El‐Aziz Osama Abd
Published: July 2009

Background: The successful application of noninvasive Doppler spectrum analysis has been reported for the hemodynamic assessment of LIMA graft after myocardial revascularization.

Hypothesis: The objective of this study was to assess the utility of transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTE) in providing information on LIMA flow in patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

Methods: In all, 22 patients (aged 62 ± 8 years) with LIMA graft to the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery who underwent coronary angiography were assessed using high‐frequency (5 MHz) transthoracic Doppler echocardiography. They were compared with 25 patients with angina (control group A, aged 59 ± 12 years), in whom an ungrafted LIMA was assessed, and with 17 patients (control group B, aged 59 ± 9 years) with angiographically normal coronary arteries, in whom the LAD was assessed.

Results: A biphasic pattern (systolic and diastolic) was recorded in all cases. In 14 patients with a normal graft or < 70% stenosis (Group 1) and in control group B, blood flow was maximal during diastole. In eight patients with severe graft stenosis >70% (Group 2) and control group B, blood flow was maximal during systole, with low diastolic flow. The diastolic fraction of the velocity time integrals was 0.81 ± 0.11 for Group 1 and 0.25 ± 0.06 for Group 2 (p < 0.05). A diastolic velocity time integral fraction < 0.5 predicted gt; 70% stenosis with a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. The ratio of systolic/diastolic peak velocities was 0.61 ± 0.31 for Group 1 and 3.21 ± 0.49 for Group 2 (p<0.05). A systolic/diastolic peak velocity gt; 1 predicted stenosis >70% with a sensitivity and specificity of 100 and 90%, respectively.

Conclusions: High‐frequency TTE is a useful noninvasive method for detecting LIMA graft blood flow. Severe graft stenoses exhibited Doppler velocity patterns, which were different from those of patent grafts, or grafts with moderate stenoses.
Quantification of Mitral Regurgitation by the Proximal Flow Convergence Method—Comparison of Transthoracic and Transesophageal Echocardiography
Authors: Grossmann Georg , Wöhrle Jochen , Kochs Matthias , Giesler Martin , Hombach Vinzenz , Höher Martin
Published: July 2009

Background: No data exist to indicate whether transthoracic (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) are of comparable value for the detection and quantification of mitral regurgitation using the proximal flow convergence method.

Hypothesis: The study was performed to compare the value of TTE and TEE for the detection and quantification of mitral regurgitation using this method.

Methods: The study included 57 patients with and 11 patients without mitral regurgitation. In all patients, the proximal flow convergence region was imaged by transthoracic and transesophageal color Doppler echocardiography, and proximal isovelocity surface area radii were determined. In 19 patients, monoplane TEE and in 49 patients multiplane TEE was performed. Thirty‐one patients with mitral regurgitation underwent cardiac catheterization.

Results: Both methods had a comparable sensitivity for the detection of mitral regurgitation. Proximal isovelocity surface area radii derived from TTE and TEE agreed moderately (mean difference −0.5 ±1.3 mm). TTE and TEE correlated significantly with the angiographic grade (rank correlation coefficients 0.83 and 0.81), and both differentiated mild to moderate from severe mitral regurgitation with an accuracy of 90%. Regurgitant volumes derived from both echocardiographic techniques and cardiac catheterization correlated moderately (correlation coefficients between 0.67 and 0.81).

Conclusions: TTE and TEE were of comparable value for the detection and quantification of mitral regurgitation using the proximal flow convergence method.
Signal‐Averaged P‐Wave Analysis of Normal Controls and Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: A Study in Gender Differences, Age Dependence, and Reproducibility
Authors: Dhala Anwer , Underwood Donald , Leman Robert , Madu Ernest , Baugh Dainia , Ozawa Yukio , Kasamaki Yuji , Xue Qiuzhen , Reddy Shankara
Published: July 2009

Background: Atrial fibrillation is often first recognized after a complication such as embolic stroke has occurred. Limited data are available for the prospective identification of patients at risk for developing atrial fibrillation.

Hypothesis: Demonstration of areas of slow conduction in the atrium by means of P‐wave signal averaging may identify individuals at risk for atrial fibrillation.

Methods: P‐wave signal averaging from the surface electrocardiogram was performed in 199 normal controls and 81 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation using an automated, P‐triggered, high‐resolution signal for analysis.

Results: Of the variables measured, the filtered P‐wave duration and P‐wave integral were significantly different between controls and patients (filtered P‐wave duration 120 ± 9 vs. 145 ± 21 and P‐wave integral 666 ± 208 vs. 868 ± 352), whereas the terminal root‐mean‐square (RMS) voltages (RMS 20, RMS 30, RMS 40) showed no significant differences between the two groups. Regression analysis of the first and second measurement of the filtered P‐wave duration obtained during consecutive tests showed excellent reproducibility (r and r2 of 0.96 and 0.92). The duration of the filtered P wave showed no age dependence but was shorter in women.

Conclusion: Utilizing the 90th percentile value of the filtered P‐wave duration of 13 3 ms in men and 13 0 ms in women, the sensitivity was 80 and 81%, the specificity 92 and 90%, the positive predictive value 84 and 73%, and the negative predictive value 90 and 93%, respectively.
Possible Relationship between Insulin Resistance and Remnant‐Like Lipoprotein Particles in Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: Inoue Teruo , Uchida Toshihiko , Kamishirado Hirotoshi , Sakuma Masashi , Sakai Yoshihiko , Takayanagi Kan , Hayashi Terumi , Morooka Shigenori
Published: July 2009

Background: High insulin resistance and elevated remnant lipoprotein levels both correlate with impaired coronary vascular endothelial function. Hyperinsulinemia induces abnormalities of lipid metabolism. However, the correlation among insulin resistance, remnant lipoproteins, and endothelial function has not been clinically elucidated.

Hypothesis: This study was designed to elucidate the correlation among insulin resistance, remnant lipoproteins, and acetylcholine (ACh)‐induced coronary artery response.

Methods: Forty‐nine patients suspected of having ischemic heart disease, but without angiographically significant atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, underwent an ACh provocation test. Fasting venous blood was taken early in the morning on the day coronary angiography was performed. The insulin resistance index (IR) was determined from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Serum levels of remnant‐like lipoprotein particle cholesterol (RLP‐C) were measured.

Results: Homeostasis model assessment IR was significantly higher (3.65 ±1.38 vs. 0.75 ± 0.14, p < 0.05) and log‐transformed HOMA (Log HOMA) was even more significantly higher (0.20 ± 0.12 vs. −0.29 ± 0.08, p< 0.001) in the ACh‐positive group (n = 23) than in the ACh‐negative group (n = 26). The serum RLP‐C level was also higher in the ACh‐positive group than in the ACh‐negative group (4.37 ± 0.63 vs. 2.52 ± 0.18 mg/dl, p<0.01). Log HOME and RLP‐C levels correlated with each other (R = 0.54, p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis indicated that only the RLP‐C level was a dependent predictor of Log HOMA in various lipid profiles.

Conclusions: Both high insulin resistance and elevated remnant lipoprotein levels correlated and might have a crucial role in the impairment of coronary vascular endothelial function, even in patients without angiographically significant coronary artery disease.
Comparative Experience of Open and Minimally Invasive Esophagogastric Resection
Authors: Parameswaran Rajeev , Veeramootoo Darmarajah , Krishnadas Rakesh , Cooper Martin , Berrisford Richard , Wajed Shahjehan
Published: July 2009

Background

A minimally invasive approach to esophagogastric cancer resection offers an attractive alternative to traditional open surgery; however, concerns regarding feasibility, safety, cost, and outcomes have restricted widespread acceptance of these procedures. This study outlines our comparative experiences of both open and minimally invasive esophagectomy over a 4‐year period.

Methods

Surgical outcomes were analyzed and compared between 30 consecutive patients who underwent open (Ivor Lewis) transthoracic esophagectomy (TTO) between January 2002 and December 2003 and 50 consecutive patients who underwent minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIO) from January 2004 to July 2006.

Results

Inpatient mortality and overall surgical morbidity were identical for each cohort (TTO versus MIO: mortality 3% versus 2%; morbidity 50% versus 48%). Pulmonary‐related complications were higher in the open series (23% versus 8%; p = 0.05). The incidence of gastric‐conduit‐related complications was similar between the two cohorts (13% versus 18%; p = 0.52). Survival at 1 and 2 years was 86% and 58% in the TTO group and 94% and 74% in the MIO group. No significant difference in calculated cost was observed (£7,017 versus £7,885).

Conclusions

Transition from open to minimally invasive techniques of esophagogastric resection for cancer is possible without compromising patient safety or incurring excessive financial expenses, and the minimally invasive procedure results in similar or potentially better outcomes.
Hollow Sodium Tungsten Bronze (Na0.15WO3) Nanospheres: Preparation, Characterization, and Their Adsorption Properties
Authors: Hou Jing , Zuo Guanke , Shen Guangxia , Guo H. e. , Liu Hui , Cheng Ping , Zhang Jingyan , Guo Shouwu
Published: July 2009

We report herein a facile method for the preparation of sodium tungsten bronzes hollow nanospheres using hydrogen gas bubbles as reactant for chemical reduction of tungstate to tungsten and as template for the formation of hollow nanospheres at the same time. The chemical composition and the crystalline state of the as-prepared hollow Na0.15WO3nanospheres were characterized complementarily, and the hollow structure formation mechanism was proposed. The hollow Na0.15WO3nanospheres showed large Brunauer–Emment–Teller specific area (33.8 m2 g−1), strong resistance to acids, and excellent ability to remove organic molecules such as dye and proteins from aqueous solutions. These illustrate that the hollow nanospheres of Na0.15WO3should be a useful adsorbent.
Nanocapsule for Safe and Effective Methane Storage
Authors: Suyetin MV , Vakhrushev AV
Published: July 2009

A nanocapsule for safe and effective methane storage is investigated by the method of molecular dynamics. The mass content of methane in the nanocapsule reaches the value of 14.5 mass%. The nanocapsule consists of two parts: a locking chamber and a storage area. The locking chamber is the nanotube (10.10), open at one end, with a K@C60
1+endohedral complex inside it. The storage area is a nanotube (20.20). The locking chamber and the storage area are joined with each other and form T-junction. The locking chamber is opened at the methane filling and the discharge stages, and it is closed at the storage stage. Thanks to the locking chamber, methane molecules are stored in the nanocapsules under normal external conditions. Opening and closing of the locking chamber are carried out by the K@C60
1+endohedral complex displacement, which is done by the electric field action. The specific structure of the nanocapsule allows two aims to be reached: a high methane mass content and significant level of safety.
Adsorption of Binary Mixtures of Anionic Surfactants at Water–Air and Poly(Tetrafluoroethylene)–Water Interfaces
Authors: Szymczyk Katarzyna , Jańczuk Bronisław
Published: July 2009

Measurements of the surface tension (γLV) and the advancing contact angle (θ) on poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) were carried out for aqueous solutions of sodium decyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDDS) and their mixtures. The results obtained indicate that the values of the surface tension and the contact angle of solutions of surfactants on PTFE surface depend on the concentration and composition of the surfactants mixture. On the curves presenting the relationship between the surface tension, contact angle and monomer mole fraction of SDDS (α) in the mixture of SDDS and SDS, there is a minimum at α equal to 0.8 which together with the negative values of the interaction parameters indicate that synergism occurs in surface tension and contact angle reduction almost in the range of concentration corresponding to the saturated monolayer of surfactants at the water–air interface. The results and calculations obtained also indicate that for single surfactants and their mixtures at a given concentration in the bulk phase, the values of surface excess concentration of the surfactants at water–air and PTFE–water interfaces are nearly the same, which suggests that the orientation of SDDS and SDS molecules at both interfaces in saturated monolayer should be vertical to the interfaces. Taking into account the values of the monomer mole fractions of the surfactants in a mixed monolayer at the water–air interface and values of the contact angle of a single surfactant on the PTFE surface, it is possible in a simple way to predict the values of the contact angle of a mixture at a given concentration and composition.
An Isomeric Mixture of Novel Cerebrosides Isolated from Impatiens pritzellii Reduces Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Release of IL‐18 from Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Authors: Zhou Xuefeng , Tang Lan , Liu Yonghong
Published: July 2009

An isomeric mixture of two cerebrosides, soya‐cerebrosides I and II, was isolated from an ethno drug, the rhizomes of Impatiens pritzellii Hook. f. var. hupehensis Hook. f., and their structures were identified by spectroscopic (NMR, MS) analysis. In order to determine the immunomodulatory activities of soya‐cerebrosides I and II, the effects of the mixture of cerebrosides (MC) on cytotoxicity of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and the inhibitory activities to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced interleukin (IL)‐18 in PBMC were studied. The MC at concentrations of 10 and 1 μM, without toxicity to PBMC in 24 h, showed obvious inhibitory activity on IL‐18 secretion. Because of this effect of modulating the cellular immune response, soya‐cerebrosides I and II were considered to be the active substances of this ethno drug.