bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some Theoretical Aspects of Tertiary Treatment of Water/Oil Emulsions by Adsorption and Coalescence Mechanisms: A Review
Authors: Sobolčiak Patrik , Popelka Anton , Tanvir Aisha , Al-Maadeed Mariam A. , Adham Samer , Krupa Igor
Published: March 2021

The massive increase in the volumes of oily contaminated produced waters associated with various industrial sectors has initiated considerable technological and scientific efforts related to the development of new cleaning strategies. The petrochemical industry (oil and gas production and processing) contributes to those volumes by approximately 340 billion barrels per year. The removal of emulsified oily components is a matter of particular interest because the high emulsion stability necessitates sophisticated technological approaches as well as a deep theoretical understanding of key mechanisms of oil/water separation. This review deals with the theoretical aspects of the treatment of emulsified oil/water mixtures and is particularly focused on tertiary treatment, which means the reduction of the oil content from 70–100 ppm to below 10 ppm, depending on national regulations for water discharge. The review concerns the mechanisms of oil/water separation and it covers the (i) adsorption isotherms, (ii) kinetics of adsorption, (iii) interfacial interactions between oil/water mixtures and solid surfaces, and (iv) oil/water separation techniques based on the wettability of solid/oil/water interfaces. The advantages and drawbacks of commonly used as well as newly proposed kinetic and adsorption models are reviewed, and their applicability for the characterization of oil/water separation is discussed. The lack of suitable adsorption isotherms that can be correctly applied for a description of oil adsorption at external and internal solid surfaces of both nonporous and porous structures is pointed out. The direct using of common isotherms, which were originally developed for gas adsorption, often leads to the incorrect data description because the adsorption of oily components at solid surfaces does not fit the assumptions from which these models were originally derived. Particularly, it results in problematic calculations of the thermodynamic parameters of sorption. The importance of nonlinear analysis of data is discussed, since recent studies have indicated that the error structure of experimental data is usually changed if the original nonlinear adsorption isotherms are transformed into their linearized forms. The comparison between the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models was performed. It was shown that the correlation between data and models strongly depends on the selection of data, particularly on the frequency of collected data in time scale. The wettability of solid surfaces by oil in air and under water is discussed, regarding the surface morphology of surfaces. We demonstrate that the combination of surface chemistry and topology strongly influences the separation of oil/water emulsions.
Modulation of Typhoon-Induced Sea Surface Cooling by Preexisting Eddies in the South China Sea
Authors: Yu Jianmin , Lin Sheng , Jiang Yue , Wang Yuntao
Published: March 2021

The interactions between mesoscale eddies and typhoons are important for understanding the oceanic environment, but large variance is identified in each case because of the complex underlying dynamics. Fifteen-year datasets of typhoon tracks and eddy tracks in the South China Sea (SCS) are employed to comprehensively determine the influence of preexisting eddies on typhoon-induced sea surface cooling (SSC). Typhoons with high wind speeds and slow translation speeds induce large SSC in summer and autumn, when more than 80% of typhoons occur during a year. The relative locations of typhoons and eddies are used to classify their distributions, and four groups are identified, with typhoons traversing to the left or right of cyclonic or anticyclonic eddies. Generally, cyclonic eddies (CEs) located to the right of a typhoon track can result in a large cooling core, but anticyclonic eddies (AEs) can interrupt the cooling band along the right side of typhoon tracks. The recovery from typhoon-induced SSC takes longer than 15 days, though preexisting AEs can induce a rapid rebound after reaching the minimum sea surface temperature (SST). In addition, the dependence of SSCs on a typhoon’s features, such as wind speed and translation speed, are amplified (reduced) by CEs (AEs). The enhancement of typhoon-induced local SSC by CEs is counterbalanced by the suppression of SSC by AEs; thus, the overall impacts of CEs and AEs on typhoon-induced local SSC are relatively weak in the SCS.
Environmental Engineering Techniques to Restore Degraded Posidonia oceanica Meadows
Authors: Piazzi Luigi , Acunto Stefano , Frau Francesca , Atzori Fabrizio , Cinti Maria Francesca , Leone Laura , Ceccherelli Giulia
Published: March 2021

Seagrass planting techniques have shown to be an effective tool for restoring degraded meadows and ecosystem function. In the Mediterranean Sea, most restoration efforts have been addressed to the endemic seagrass Posidonia oceanica, but cost-benefit analyses have shown unpromising results. This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of environmental engineering techniques generally employed in terrestrial systems to restore the P. oceanica meadows: two different restoration efforts were considered, either exploring non-degradable mats or, for the first time, degradable mats. Both of them provided encouraging results, as the loss of transplanting plots was null or very low and the survival of cuttings stabilized to about 50%. Data collected are to be considered positive as the survived cuttings are enough to allow the future spread of the patches. The utilized techniques provided a cost-effective restoration tool likely affordable for large-scale projects, as the methods allowed to set up a wide bottom surface to restore in a relatively short time without any particular expensive device. Moreover, the mats, comparing with other anchoring methods, enhanced the colonization of other organisms such as macroalgae and sessile invertebrates, contributing to generate a natural habitat.
Integration of 2D Lateral Groundwater Flow into the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) Model and Effects on Simulated Fluxes for Different Grid Resolutions and Aquifer Diffusivities
Authors: Scheidegger Johanna M. , Jackson Christopher R. , Muddu Sekhar , Tomer Sat Kumar , Filgueira Rosa
Published: March 2021

Better representations of groundwater processes need to be incorporated into large-scale hydrological models to improve simulations of regional- to global-scale hydrology and climate, as well as understanding of feedbacks between the human and natural systems. We incorporated a 2D groundwater flow model into the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) hydrological model code to address its lack of a lateral groundwater flow component. The water table was coupled with the variably saturated VIC soil column allowing bi-directional exchange of water between the aquifer and the soil. We then investigated how variations in aquifer properties and grid resolution affect modelled evapotranspiration (ET), runoff and groundwater recharge. We simulated nine idealised, homogenous aquifers with different combinations of transmissivity, storage coefficient, and three grid resolutions. The magnitude of cell ET, runoff, and recharge significantly depends on water table depth. In turn, the distribution of water table depths varied significantly as grid resolution increased from 1° to 0.05° for the medium and high transmissivity systems, resulting in changes of model-average fluxes of up to 12.3% of mean rainfall. For the low transmissivity aquifer, increasing the grid resolution has a minimal effect as lateral groundwater flow is low, and the VIC grid cells behave as vertical columns. The inclusion of the 2D groundwater model in VIC will enable the future representation of irrigation from groundwater pumping, and the feedbacks between groundwater use and the hydrological cycle.
Projection of Hydro-Climatic Extreme Events under Climate Change in Yom and Nan River Basins, Thailand
Authors: Petpongpan Chanchai , Ekkawatpanit Chaiwat , Visessri Supattra , Kositgittiwong Duangrudee
Published: March 2021

Due to a continuous increase in global temperature, the climate has been changing without sign of alleviation. An increase in the air temperature has caused changes in the hydrologic cycle, which have been followed by several emergencies of natural extreme events around the world. Thailand is one of the countries that has incurred a huge loss in assets and lives from the extreme flood and drought events, especially in the northern part. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the hydrological regime in the Yom and Nan River basins, affected by climate change as well as the possibility of extreme floods and droughts. The hydrological processes of the study areas were generated via the physically-based hydrological model, namely the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The projected climate conditions were dependent on the outputs of the Global Climate Models (GCMs) as the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 2.6 and 8.5 between 2021 and 2095. Results show that the average air temperature, annual rainfall, and annual runoff will be significantly increased in the intermediate future (2046–2070) onwards, especially under RCP 8.5. According to the Flow Duration Curve and return period of peak discharge, there are fluctuating trends in the occurrence of extreme floods and drought events under RCP 2.6 from the future (2021–2045) to the far future (2071–2095). However, under RCP 8.5, the extreme flood and drought events seem to be more severe. The probability of extreme flood remains constant from the reference period to the near future, then rises dramatically in the intermediate and the far future. The intensity of extreme droughts will be increased in the near future and decreased in the intermediate future due to high annual rainfall, then tending to have an upward trend in the far future.
The FLOod Probability Interpolation Tool (FLOPIT): A Simple Tool to Improve Spatial Flood Probability Quantification and Communication
Authors: Zarekarizi Mahkameh , Roop-Eckart K. Joel , Sharma Sanjib , Keller Klaus
Published: March 2021

Understanding flood probabilities is essential to making sound decisions about flood-risk management. Many people rely on flood probability maps to inform decisions about purchasing flood insurance, buying or selling real-estate, flood-proofing a house, or managing floodplain development. Current flood probability maps typically use flood zones (for example the 1 in 100 or 1 in 500-year flood zones) to communicate flooding probabilities. However, this choice of communication format can miss important details and lead to biased risk assessments. Here we develop, test, and demonstrate the FLOod Probability Interpolation Tool (FLOPIT). FLOPIT interpolates flood probabilities between water surface elevation to produce continuous flood-probability maps. FLOPIT uses water surface elevation inundation maps for at least two return periods and creates Annual Exceedance Probability (AEP) as well as inundation maps for new return levels. Potential advantages of FLOPIT include being open-source, relatively easy to implement, capable of creating inundation maps from agencies other than FEMA, and applicable to locations where FEMA published flood inundation maps but not flood probability. Using publicly available data from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) flood risk databases as well as state and national datasets, we produce continuous flood-probability maps at three example locations in the United States: Houston (TX), Muncy (PA), and Selinsgrove (PA). We find that the discrete flood zones generally communicate substantially lower flood probabilities than the continuous estimates.
Conceptual Model Modification and the Millennium Drought of Southeastern Australia
Authors: Hughes Justin , Potter Nick , Zhang Lu , Bridgart Robert
Published: March 2021

Long-term droughts observed in southern Australia have changed relationships between annual rainfall and runoff and tested some of the assumptions implicit in rainfall–runoff models used in these areas. Predictive confidence across these periods is when low using the more commonly used rainfall–runoff models. Here we modified the GR4J model to better represent surface water–groundwater connection and its role in runoff generation. The modified model (GR7J) was tested in 137 catchments in south-east Australia. Models were calibrated during “wetter” periods and simulation across drought periods was assessed against observations. GR7J performed better than GR4J in evaluation during drought periods where bias was significantly lower and showed improved fit across the flow duration curve especially at low flows. The largest improvements in predictive performance were for catchments where there were larger changes in the annual rainfall–runoff relationship. The predictive performance of the GR7J model was more sensitive to objective function used than GR4J. The use of an objective function that combined daily and annual error produced a better goodness of fit when measured against 80, 50 and 20 percent excedance flow quantiles and reduced evaluation bias, especially for the GR7J model.
Trocar-Related Safety Events in Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures: Risks for Organ and Vascular Complications
Authors: Gardner Lea
Published: March 2021

A trocar is a hollow device used during minimally invasive surgery that serves as an entry port for optical scopes and surgical equipment. Insertion of this device into the body is determined using anatomical landmarks taking into consideration the patient’s history and physical attributes, e.g., scars or abdominal size. Insertion of the first trocar is the time of highest risk of injury. Intestinal and vascular injuries are two potentially life-threatening injuries that can occur. A retrospective review of trocar-related events submitted to the Pennsylvania Patient Safety Reporting System (PA-PSRS) between January 1, 2014, and June 30, 2020, identified 268 events. Internal organ and vascular injuries accounted for 81.0% of events; trocar site skin integrity injuries, bleeding/hemorrhage, and hernias accounted for 17.2% of events; and vasovagal responses accounted for 1.9% of events. Internal injuries occurring during the initial insertion of the trocar, Veress needle, or incision in preparation for a trocar insertion was reported in 64.5% of events. Adhesions were identified in 13.5% of internal injury events. Many internal injury events identified a single injury; however, in 17 instances patients sustained two trocar-related injuries. Conversion to open surgery, return to the operating room during the same admission, postoperative intensive care unit admission, ambulatory surgical facility transfer to a hospital, readmission, postdischarge return to the operating room, and death are outcomes identified in the event reports.
First genetically confirmed Eastern Subalpine Warbler Sylvia cantillans for Sweden
Authors: Menzie Stephen , Gil-Velasco Marcel , Collinson J Martin
Published: March 2021

An adult male Sylvia cantillans sensu lato was ringed at Falsterbo Bird Observatory on 19 May 2013. Plumage, biometry and calls suggested an Eastern Subalpine Warbler S. cantillans sensu stricto, recently given species status by the Swedish taxonomy committee. As of 2012, there are seventy accepted Subalpine Warbler records in Sweden but none has been assigned to any of the three new splits: Western (inornata), Eastern (cantillans) or Moltoni’s (subalpina) Warbler. A genetic analysis of the Falsterbo bird showed it to be Sylvia cantillans albistriata, the first of this taxon to be unequivocally identified in Sweden.
Self-Powered Room-Temperature Ethanol Sensor Based on Brush-Shaped Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Tian Jingwen , Wang Fan , Ding Yafei , Lei Rui , Shi Yuxiang , Tao Xinglin , Li Shuyao , Yang Ya , Chen Xiangyu
Published: March 2021

Highly sensitive ethanol sensors have been widely utilized in environmental protection, industrial monitoring, and drink-driving tests. In this work, a fully self-powered ethanol detector operating at room temperature has been developed based on a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). The gas-sensitive oxide semiconductor is selected as the sensory component for the ethanol detection, while the resistance change of the oxide semiconductor can well match the “linear” region of the load characteristic curve of TENG. Hence, the output signal of TENG can directly reveal the concentration change of ethanol gas. An accelerator gearbox is applied to support the operation of the TENG, and the concentration change of ethanol gas can be visualized on the Liquid Crystal Display. This fully self-powered ethanol detector has excellent durability, low fabrication cost, and high selectivity of 5 ppm. Therefore, the ethanol detector based on TENG not only provides a different approach for the gas detection but also further demonstrates the application potential of TENG for various sensory devices.
Effects of different glide path techniques on the amount of extruded debris and preparation times during root canal preparation
Authors: Kırıcı Damla , Koç Simay , Kuştarcı Alper
Published: March 2021

Background.This study purposed to compare the effect of new single glide path files on extruded apical debris and total preparation times during root canal preparation with the WaveOne Gold system. Methods. Thirty-six extracted human lower molar teeth with mesiobuccal canal curvature angles of 25‒35° were randomly splited to three groups. In group 1, the glide path was created with WaveOne Gold Glider (WGG) file at working length (WL); in group 2, the glide path was created with ProGlider file (PG); in group 3, the glide path was not performed. In all the groups, the root canals were shaped with WaveOne Gold Primary (WOG) reciprocating files at WL. Apically extruded debris during instrumentation was picked up into pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes. The weight of the dry extruded debris was calculated by subtracting the pre- and post-instrumentation weights of the tubes in each group. The total time elapsed during the canal preparation was calculated with a chronometer. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests. Results. The WGG/WOG group extruded significantly fewer debris than the WOG and PG/WOG groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the WOG and PG/WOG groups (P>0.05). The WGG/WOG and PG/WOG groups were significantly faster than the WOG group. Conclusion. The amount of debris extruded apically significantly diminished when conventional WGG was implemented before using WOG. The total preparation time significantly diminished when the WOG file was used in combination with reciprocating and rotary glide path preparation techniques.
Effect of amitriptyline on orthodontic tooth movement in rats: an experimental study
Authors: Ahmad Akhoundi Mohammad Sadegh , Shaygan-Mehr Mahdiyeh , Keshvad Mohammad Ali , Etemad Moghaddam Shahroo , Alaeddini Mojgan , Dehpour Ahmadreza , Mirhashemi Amir Hossein
Published: March 2021

Background. Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) occurs in the alveolar bone; therefore, any condition affecting bone quality can alter OTM. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of amitriptyline on OTM in rats. Methods. Forty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: (I) no injection, (II) injection with saline solution, and (III) injection of amitriptyline. Next, a 60-gr force was applied to the maxillary left first molar tooth of all the rats, using a nickel‒titanium closed-coil spring ligated between the maxillary incisors and the left first molar tooth. The rats were sacrificed after 21 days to measure OTM and perform histological analysis to determine the number, width, and depth of resorptive lacunae, osteoclast counts, and periodontal ligament (PDL) width. Results. The highest and the lowest OTM rates were found in the control and amitriptyline groups, respectively; however, there was no significant difference between the study groups in this regard. Histological analysis showed a significantly lower number of resorption lacunae in the amitriptyline group than the saline group. Conclusion. Although no significant difference was noted in OTM after amitriptyline administration, a reduction in the number of resorptive lacunae in rats injected with amitriptyline suggests that amitriptyline affects the bone tissue at the cellular level.
COMPLETE PROFESSIONAL SELF-REALIZATION OF HEALTHCARE SPECIALISTS WORKING WITH CHILDREN AND ADULTS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS
Authors: Zheleva Elena
Published: March 2021

The professional realization of healthcare professionals in dealing with children and adults with special needs requires them to have the knowledge, skills, and necessary professional competencies to identify, perform, and evaluate the activities related to the care of the disabled person. Their activity is focused on the health problem that leads the person with special needs to hospitalization in the medical establishment, which does not exclude satisfying his vital needs. Applying their knowledge and competencies, they collect the information they need for the disabled patient. The processed and specified information is implemented through appropriate interventions and subsequently the results obtained are evaluated. Health care requires logic, systematic to solve a particular health problem of the sick person, and they are an intellectual process [Zheleva 2004]]. The expected results of the professional realization of health care professionals in working with children and adults with special needs can be presented as the application of: learning scientific information on the problems of theoretical and practical aspects of health care nee-ded for children and adults with disabilities; forming knowledge, skills, and compe-tencies in the field of health care for the needy person.
THE FINANCING OF INFORMATION SECURITY MANAGEMENT IN ENTITIES PERFORMING MEDICAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: Lisiak-Felicka Dominika , Nowak Paweł A. , Szmit Maciej , Zajdel Radosław
Published: March 2021

All healthcare organizations process “sensitive data” that needs special protection. To ensure an appropriate level of security for this data, it is necessary to allocate adequate financial resources for security measures. The exploratory aim of the research here is the recognition of the current state of information security management systems in selected entities performing medical activities. An analysis and evaluation of these systems and the financing of information security were conducted. The methods and techniques used in the research are Computer Assisted Telephone Interviews, literature studies, and a questionnaire survey with applications for access to public information. The subjects of the research were medical entities subordinate to the local governments of three Polish voivodeships (Łódź, Świętokrzyskie and Pomeranian). The research was conducted between 2017 and 2018. Research findings show that the surveyed entities did not properly manage information security and did not allocate adequate financial resources to ensure information security. The lack of efficient information security management in medical entities may entail negative consequences in the future.
Nuevo registro de distribución de Poophylax falklandica Champion, 1916 (Coleoptera: Salpingidae)
Authors: Solervicens Jaime
Published: March 2021

Se informa la presencia de Poophylax falklandica en dos islas del archipiélago Diego Ramírez, siendo el primer registro de esta especie en territorio chileno. Se establecen las semejanzas y leves diferencias con respecto a las descripciones previas de la especie y se dan datos morfológicos no considerados previamente. Se reconoce su similitud con el género Nawelbuta Solervicens que comparte con Poophylax la organización de los tarsos, situación particular entre los Salpinginae. Sobre la base de la asociación de la especie con coironales de Poa flabellata se estima su probable presencia en islas del archipiélago del Cabo de Hornos donde hay registros de esta especie de gramínea.
EFEKTIFITAS PERLINDUNGAN PENYU LAUT DAN HABITAT PESISIR PASIE PANGA MELALUI QANUN MUKIM PANGA NOMOR 1 TAHUN 2016
Authors: Masyumi Masyumi , Nasution M. Arif , Gazali Mohamad , Zuraidah Syarifah
Published: March 2021

Qanun kabupaten/kota adalah Peraturan Perundang-undangan sejenis peraturan daerah kabupaten/kota yang mengatur penyelenggaraan pemerintahan dan kehidupan masyarakat kabupaten/kota di Aceh. Pada tahun 2012 Pemuda yang berasal dari beberapa desa pinggiran pantai di Kecamatan Panga, mereka membentuk tim konservasi penyu yang diberi nama Tim Konservasi Penyu Aroen Meubanja. Tim konservasi bersama masyarakat bekerjasama untuk mengatasi masalah pencurian telur penyu dan kerusakan terhadap habitat penyu. Jika kegiatan tersebut tidak dihentikan maka keberlangsungan hidup penyu akan terancam punah. Masalah yang dihadapi dalam penelitian ini adalah seberapa besar tingkat efektivitas dari dan bagaimana hasil evaluasi dari penerapan Qanun Mukim Panga. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut maka peneliti menggunakan metode AHP untuk mengetahui efektifitas perlindungan penyu dan habitat. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data hasil jawaban kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada 39 responden dengan dua jenis kuesioner, yaitu kuesioner AHP dan kuesioner analisis SWOT. Kriteria yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sosialisasi qanun, pelaksanaan qanun, perlindungan penyu, dan sanksi. Langkah- langkah untuk mengetahui tingkat efektifitas dengan metode AHP adalah dengan menyusun tingkat prioritas dari empat kriteria, menghitung matriks pembobotan, dan faktor evaluasi dan hasil pada masing-masing kriteria. berdasarkan hasil urutan langkah pada metode AHP, diketahui tingkat efektifitas dari penerapan qanun mukim panga adalah sebesar 0,87 (87%).
Algorithmic Bias in Education
Authors: Baker Ryan Shaun , Hawn Aaron
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we review algorithmic bias in education, discussing the causes of that bias and reviewing the empirical literature on the specific ways that algorithmic bias is known to have manifested in education. While other recent work has reviewed mathematical definitions of fairness and expanded algorithmic approaches to reducing bias, our review focuses instead on solidifying the current understanding of the concrete impacts of algorithmic bias in education—which groups are known to be impacted and which stages and agents in the development and deployment of educational algorithms are implicated. We discuss theoretical and formal perspectives on algorithmic bias, connect those perspectives to the machine learning pipeline, and review metrics for assessing bias. Next, we review the evidence around algorithmic bias in education, beginning with the most heavily-studied categories of race/ethnicity, gender, and nationality, and moving to the available evidence of bias for less-studied categories, such as socioeconomic status, disability, and military-connected status. Acknowledging the gaps in what has been studied, we propose a framework for moving from unknown bias to known bias and from fairness to equity. We discuss obstacles to addressing these challenges and propose four areas of effort for mitigating and resolving the problems of algorithmic bias in AIED systems and other educational technology.
REALISASI PENGAJARAN BAHASA ARAB MELALUI MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL PADA MAHASISWA CLUB BAHASA ARAB IAIN PONTIANAK
Authors: Hidayat Moh Yusuf
Published: March 2021

This research aimed to determine the form of Arabic language learning realization through audio visual media on Arabic club students in IAIN Pontianak. It focused on the Arabic learning materials and whether this activity can improve the competence of Arabic club students in learning Arabic language which is expected on KKNI Arabic language for university. This research used qualitative approach using descriptive data through interview from informants in IAIN Pontianak. The result revealed that Arabic language learning realization through audio visual media on Arabic club students carried out by mentors in IAIN Pontianak is not more than the realization of learning pattern which determine on the implementation of the Arabic lesson plan and syllabus, and than the materials taught has referred to the standard of competence expected in university on KKNI Arabic language, and teaching realization can measure the competence of Arabic club students expected in university on KKNI Arabic language.

Keywords: Arabic Language, Audio Visual Media, IAIN Pontianak
ВИНИКНЕННЯ, РОЗВИТОК ТА СУЧАСНІ ПІДХОДИ ЛІН-МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ
Authors: Баранов Віталій
Published: March 2021

Розглянуто основні особливості Лін-менеджменту: історія виникнення, поняття та класифікація втрат, принципи бережливого виробництва. Висвітлені перспективи впровадження Лін-технологій та виявлені проблеми які обмежують впровадження лін-технологій на промислових підприємствах у теперішній час.
СПРОМОЖНОСТІ В ОБОРОННОМУ ПЛАНУВАННІ США ТА УКРАЇНИ: ПОРІВНЮВАЛЬНІ СПОСТЕРЕЖЕННЯ
Authors: Калмиков Володимир , Малишев Олег
Published: March 2021

Основною задачею оборонного планування можна вважати досягнення неприйнятності можливих втрат для ймовірного агресора. Вирішення цієї задачі потребує гармонійного використання усіх можливостей, сил та здібностей держави та народу: ментальних, політичних, економічних, військових, наукових, освітніх, промислових, технологічних, тощо. На цей час у розвинених країнах усе більш розповсюдженим стає оборонне планування на основі спроможностей. Згідно з Рекомендаціями з оборонного планування України "Спроможність – це здатність структурної одиниці … або сукупності сил і засобів виконувати певні завдання … за певних умов обстановки, ресурсного забезпечення та відповідно до встановлених стандартів". Оборонне планування на основі спроможностей полягає в зосередженні зусиль не на створенні нових організаційних структур для забезпечення противаги відповідному бойовому потенціалу противника, а на розвитку спроможностей військ (сил) для ефективного виконання визначених завдань. Метою даної роботи є порівняння сучасного стану оцінювання спроможностей, як складової оборонного планування в Україні, з рівнем національного досвіду, досягнутим у США.
АГРОЕКОЛОГІЧНА ОЦІНКА МОЖЛИВОСТІ РЕНАТУРАЛІЗАЦІЇ МЕЛІОРОВАНИХ ЗЕМЕЛЬ ЯК НАПРЯМКУ ВИРІШЕННЯ РЕГІОНАЛЬНИХ ЕКОЛОГІЧНИХ ПРОБЛЕМ ПІВНІЧНО-ЗАХІДНОГО ПОЛІССЯ
Authors: Бондарчук Сергій , Бондарчук Лариса , Федонюк Віталіна , Іванців Василь
Published: March 2021

Дослідження присвячене виявленню основних аспектів екологічної оцінки меліорованих ґрунтів для встановлення можливості ренатуралізації осушувальних земель, як одного із можливих напрямків їх подальшого раціонального використання та вирішення регіональних екологічних проблем в умовах Північно-Західного Полісся України.
БІОЛОГІЧНІ МЕТОДИ БОРОТЬБИ З ХВОРОБАМИ НА ПОСІВАХ ПРОСА
Authors: Нікітенко М. , Аверчев О.
Published: March 2021

Визначено головну причину зниження урожайності проса на території України. Приведено переваги вирощування культур біологічними методами. Наведено найпоширеніші види збудників хвороб проса та застосування захисних агротехнічних заходів.
ПСИХОАНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ РОМАНА Ф. С. ФИЦДЖЕРАЛЬДА «НОЧЬ НЕЖНА»
Authors: Динниченко Тетяна
Published: March 2021

Статья посвящена анализу романа Ф. С. Фицджеральда «Ночь нежна». Использование психоаналитического подхода позволило проинтерпретировать данное произведение как художественное воплощение модели трансфера-контртрансфера в психотерапевтической ситуации, являющего одним из основных понятий в психоанализе З. Фрейда. Сюжет построен в соответствии со схемой развития трансферентной любви пациентки и врача, которая заканчивается с ее выздоровлением.
THE MODEL OF «FLIPPED» CLASS
Authors: Bolotnikova Anastasiia , Pushkarova Yaroslava
Published: March 2021

Modern realities force us to change approaches to teaching. Thus, educational methods are gradually moving from classical to innovative. And classes are moving from traditional forms to “flipped” ones. In this article, we present an effective “flipped” class model.
PROBLEM OF SERVICE QUALITY AS A CRITERION FOR THE ACTIVITY OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Dorofieieva Tetiana
Published: March 2021

Існуюча в Україні практика регулювання фізкультурно-спортивних послугзведена до встановлення державного стандарту щодо їх переліку (Наказ Міністерствамолоді та спорту України від 28.03.2013 р., № 1 «Про затвердження Державногосоціального стандарту у сфері фізичної культури і спорту»). Однак тривала практиказастосування такого підходу аж ніяк не сприяє поширенню фізкультурно-спортивнихпослуг, що їх надають відповідні організації. Навпаки, опитані науковцями фізкультурно-активні представники громади схиляються до самостійних занять, які, і це очевидно, незавжди бувають методично-правильно сплановані і проводяться. Очевидно, також, щоподальше поширення вказаних послуг фізкультурно-спортивними організаціямиможливе лише в результаті суттєвого покращення їх якості, що має бути забезпеченестандартами якості.
The Current State of Endoscopic Disc Surgery:
Review of Controlled Studies Comparing FullEndoscopic Procedures for Disc Herniations to
Standard Procedures
Authors: Birkenmaier Christof
Published: March 2021

Background: Neuropathic pain originating from spinal disc herniations is a very common
problem. The majority of disc surgeries are performed to alleviate this pain once conservative
measures and targeted injections have failed. Endoscopic spinal surgery is increasingly popular
because it minimizes access trauma and hastens recovery from the intervention. This clinically
oriented review evaluates controlled studies that investigate the clinical results and the
complications of full-endoscopic lumbar and cervical procedures for symptomatic disc herniations
in comparison to a microsurgical standard procedure. This review focuses exclusively on modern,
full-endoscopic disc surgery irrespective of the specific access technique (e.g., interlaminar vs.
transforaminal) and irrespective of the spinal region.
Study Design: Comprehensive review of the literature.
Objective: To assess the clinical outcomes and complication rates of full-endoscopic disc
surgery compared to the microsurgical standard procedures.
Methods: A PubMed and Embase search was performed, considering entries up to January
2013. All 504 results were screened and categorized. Only 4 randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
and one controlled studies (CS) could finally be considered for evaluation. All 5 manuscripts
were meticulously analyzed with regards to randomization mode, inclusion/exclusion criteria,
clinical results, and complication rates.
Results: Overall, the endoscopic techniques had shorter operating times, less blood loss, less
operative site pain, and faster postoperative rehabilitation/shorter hospital stay/faster return
to work than the microsurgical techniques. There were no significant differences in the main
clinical outcome criteria between the endoscopic and the microsurgical techniques in any of
the trials. All 5 studies had fewer complications with the endoscopic technique and this was
statistically significant in 2 of the studies. One study showed a lower rate of revision surgeries
requiring arthrodesis with the endoscopic technique.
Limitations: All 5 studies that could be considered originate from experienced investigators
and all 4 RCTs came from one group. This limits the transferability of their results to surgeons
less experienced in endoscopic disc surgery.
Conclusions: The studies show that full-endoscopic disc surgery can achieve the same clinical
results in symptomatic cervical and lumbar disc herniations as the microsurgical standard
techniques. This does not appear to come at the price of higher complication rates.
Key words: Neuropathic pain, disc herniation, cervical, lumbar, endoscopic, endoscopy, review
The Effect of Lumbar Sympathetic Ganglion
Block on Gynecologic Cancer-Related
Lymphedema
Authors: Park Hahck Soo
Published: March 2021

Background: Eighteen to 25% of patients after gynecological cancer treatment suffer from
lower limb lymphedema (LLL) that decreases the quality of life of gynecological cancer survivors.
Lumbar sympathetic ganglion block (LSGB) is widely used in practice for the evaluation and
management of sympathetically mediated pain in the lower limbs. Several articles have suggested
that sympathetic ganglion block could be an effective treatment for lymphedema.
Objectives: To investigate the effect of LSGB on patients with secondary lymphedema related to
the treatment of gynecologic cancer, who do not respond to a conservative treatment.
Study Design: Prospective clinical study.
Setting: A single academic medical center, outpatient setting.
Methods: Eighteen patients with stage II lower limb lymphedema who did not response to the
conservative treatment were recruited. The patients underwent fluoroscopy-guided LSGB 3 times
at 2-week intervals. The circumference of the thigh and calf was measured in the upright position
at the first visit and 2 weeks after each session of LSGB. The pain score of the lower limb was
checked at the same time by a numeric rating scale (NRS) from 0 to 10. The patients were asked
about their satisfaction with the procedure at the last follow-up visit. The Wilcoxon signed rank
test was used for data analysis. Significance was accepted at a P-value less than 0.05/3.
Results: The circumferences of affected thighs and calves decreased from 56.38 ± 4.77 and
35.33 ± 3.51cm to 54.42 ± 5.27 and 34.41 ± 3.35cm, respectively, in a significant manner after
3 consecutive LSGBs (P < 0.05/3). The maximal decrease after the third LSGB was 4 cm in the
thigh and 2cm in the calf. The pain score also showed a significant decrease after 3 consecutive
LSGBs from 2.17 to 1.28. The tightness and heaviness of the affected limb decreased after the first
LSGB in 15 patients (83.3%) and after the second LSGB in 2 patients (11.1%). Five of 18 patients
(27.8%) answered that the result of the LSGB met their expectations, 10 (55.6%) answered they
would undergo the same treatment for the same outcome, 2 (11.1%) answered they did not
improve as much as they had hoped, and they would not undergo the same treatment for the
same outcome, and only one patient (5.6%) answered the LSGB showed no effect.
Limitations: This study lacks a placebo control group and has only 18 patients. We did not
evaluate the quality of life of the patients.
Conclusion: We suggest that LSGB can be one of the treatment options for patients suffering
from LLL after gynecologic cancer treatment. Our result could provide a basis for a randomized
controlled trial in future investigations. The pain physicians can play an important role as one of
the multidisciplinary team for a comprehensive treatment of LLL.
Key words: Lumbar sympathetic ganglion block;gynecologic cancer;lymphedema
Pain and Its Interference with Daily Activities
in Medical Oncology Outpatients
Authors: Boveldt Nienke te
Published: March 2021

Background: Pain prevalence at various stages of cancer ranges from 27% to 60% for
outpatients. Yet, how pain is managed in this patient group is poorly understood.
Objectives: The primary objective was to assess pain prevalence and intensity, and
its interference with daily activities, in medical oncology outpatients. The secondary
objectives were the adequacy of analgesic pain treatment and to identify independent
predictors for moderate to severe pain.
Study design: A cross-sectional study.
Setting: Oncology outpatient clinics of 7 Dutch regional hospitals.
Methods: Four hundred twenty-eight medical oncology outpatients were assigned to
the study. Pain prevalence and interference of pain with daily activities were assessed
using the Brief Pain Inventory. Adequacy of analgesic treatment was determined by
calculating the Pain Management Index (PMI). Descriptive statistics, non-parametric tests,
and logistic regression analysis were conducted.
Results: More than one third of all participants reported pain (39%). Eighty-three
patients (20%) had moderate to severe pain (NRS 5-10). Analgesic treatment was
inadequate in more than half of the patients with pain (62%). Interference of pain with
daily activities increased with increased intensity, yet even 10%-33% of patients suffering
mild pain reported high interference with daily activities. High current pain intensity and
high interference with general daily activities predicted moderate to severe pain.
Limitations: No characteristics of nonparticipants were available.
Conclusion: Pain remains a significant problem in medical oncology outpatients, and
often pain is insufficiently managed.
Patients with a high pain intensity were more at risk to experience pain related interference
with daily activities, but even some patients suffering mild pain experienced this. As
adequate pain relief for up to 86% of the patients with cancer should be feasible, pain
in medical oncology outpatients is still undertreated. Taking into account the interference
of pain with daily activities and predictors of pain will facilitate cancer pain management.
The study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee (CMO) in all 7 hospitals
(METC protocol number 2011/020) and has been registered by the Dutch Trial register
(NTR): NTR2739.
Key words: Pain, prevalence, cancer, interference with daily activities, pain management,
Brief Pain Inventory, Pain Management Index, neuropathic pain
Spinal Cord Stimulation Inhibits Cortical
Somatosensory Evoked Potentials Significantly
Stronger than Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve
Stimulation
Authors: Wolter Tilman
Published: March 2021

Background: Despite the good clinical results elicited by spinal cord stimulation (SCS), the
physiological basis of action of SCS is widely unknown. Inhibition of somatosensory evoked
potential (SEP) amplitudes by SCS has been described, but it is unclear whether this displays
dose dependency. Moreover, it is unknown whether the pain-relieving effect elicited by SCS
correlates with the inhibition of SEPs. Finally, this study aimed to answer the question whether
there is a difference in the effect on SEPs between SCS and transcutaneous electrical nerve
stimulation (TENS), thus between central nervous system stimulation and peripheral nervous
system stimulation.
Methods: Ten patients (4 men and 6 women, age range 40-77 years) with neuropathic lower
limb pain were included in the study. All patients had implanted SCS systems with percutaneous
type electrodes. Cortical SEPs under SCS and TENS were measured without stimulation, under
stimulation at perception threshold (PT), and at maximal threshold (MT) in a crossover design.
Results: Cortical SEP amplitudes were significantly inhibited by SCS. Stimulation at PT and at
MT both led to a statistically significant inhibition of the SEP amplitude. The difference between
amplitude reduction at PT and MT showed a tendency towards significance. The degree of SEP
amplitude inhibition did not correlate with pain relief. Inhibition of SEP amplitudes by TENS was
weaker than that elicited by SCS. The average percentage of amplitude reduction at MT was
twice as high under SCS as it was under TENS. No effects on SEP latencies were seen.
Conclusions: SCS exerts a significantly stronger inhibition of SEP amplitudes than TENS. The
data hint at a dose dependency of SCS-induced SEP amplitude inhibition. No correlation between
SEP amplitude inhibition and pain relief was found.
Key words: spinal cord stimulation, SCS, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, TENS,
neuropathic pain, somatosensory evoked potentials, SEP
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Active Control
Trial of Fluoroscopic Cervical Interlaminar
Epidural Injections in Chronic Pain of Cervical
Disc Herniation: Results of a 2-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Manchikanti Laxmaiah
Published: March 2021

Background: A recent evaluation of the state of U.S. health from 1990 to 2010 placed neck pain
as the fourth condition leading to disability, with low back pain being the number one. Multiple
treatment modalities have been described in managing neck and upper extremity pain secondary to
cervical disc herniation after the failure of conservative management. The treatment modalities for
chronic persistent pain of cervical disc herniation include surgery and epidural injections. The growth
of interventional techniques in managing chronic spinal pain in recent years has been enormous.
Evidence for the efficacy of cervical interlaminar epidural injections, however, continues to be debated,
despite positive evidence derived from controlled randomized trials and systematic reviews.
Study Design: A randomized, double-blind, active control trial.
Setting: A private, specialty referral, interventional pain management practice in the United States.
Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of epidural injections in managing chronic pain related
to cervical disc herniation.
Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups of 60, with a total of 120 patients.
Group I patients received cervical epidural injections with lidocaine 0.5% preservative-free, 5 mL,
whereas Group II patients received 0.5% preservative-free lidocaine mixed with 1 mL or 6 mg of
non-particulate betamethasone.
Outcome Assessment: Multiple outcome measures included the numeric rating pain scale
(NRS), the Neck Disability Index (NDI), employment status, opioid intake with assessment at 3, 6, 12,
18, and 24 months post treatment.
Significant improvement was described as pain relief with a 50% improvement in functional status.
Results: This evaluation showed significant improvement as 50% pain relief and improvement
in functional status in 72% of the patients at 2 year follow-up in the local anesthetic group and
68% in those patients receiving local anesthetic and steroid. In the successful group of participants
however, significant improvement was seen in 77% in Group I and 80% in Group II.
Overall, the average number of procedures was 5 to 6 in both groups per 2 years. The average total
relief for 2 years was 75.9 ± 29.9 weeks in Group I and 72.7 ± 31.1 in Group II, the successful group
of participants. Taking into consideration all of the participants, the average total relief for 2 years
was 69.6 ± 35 weeks in Group I and 62.1 ± 38.4 weeks in Group II.
Limitations: The results of the study are limited by the lack of a placebo group.
Conclusion: Cervical epidural injections with local anesthetic with or without steroids may offer
significant benefit to patients suffering with chronic, persistent pain and disability related to cervical
disc herniation.
Key words: Chronic neck pain, cervical disc herniation, upper extremity pain, cervical epidural
injections, epidural steroids, local anesthetics
Trial Registration: NCT01071369