bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A phylogenetic revision of the genus Hypnum: Towards completion
Authors: Kučera Jan , Kuznetsova Oxana I. , Manukjanová Alžběta , Ignatov Michael S.
Published: November 2019

The taxonomy of pleurocarpous mosses has long been based on a few key characters such as the presence or absence of a single costa or the posture of the leaves. Molecular analyses performed in the past two decades have often challenged the traditional familial and generic delimitations, as these simple characters have evolved repeatedly. For nearly a century the genus Hypnum has been defined principally by the combination of falcate leaves with a short double costa, differentiated alar cells and the mostly procumbent growth form. Although several earlier treatments revealed the polyphyly of Hypnum in its traditional sense, none of them included a representative selection of the species on a worldwide basis. Therefore, we sampled most of the taxa that were attributed to the genus by the monographer H. Ando, and performed a molecular phylogenetic analysis using DNA sequence data from two chloroplast loci and the nuclear ribosomal ITS region. The outcome of this analysis was a revision of the phylogenetic affinities of these representative taxa; we also matched more than 15 molecularly defined lineages of Hypnum s.l. to morphological characters and solved several nomenclatural problems. Consequently, we suggest taxonomic and nomenclatural re‐arrangements, which encompass the vast majority of taxa attributed to Hypnum and do not contradict their known molecular affinities. We deliver additional support for some of the most recent delimitations of Hypnum s.l. but introduce new data to refute the proposals for the segregation of the genera Lignocariosa and Insomniella, which can be accommodated in the existing genera Pseudohygrohypnum and Calohypnum, respectively. Similarly, we dispute the inclusion of Hypnum sauteri in Anacamptodon and propose the establishment of a new genus for this species. Instead of placing Callicladium in the Hypnaceae and Jochenia in the Entodontaceae, respectively, we propose new families for these two genera. Finally, we propose three other new genera to accommodate (1) Hypnum circinale, (2) H. chrysogaster with H. subchrysogaster, and (3) H. dieckii, respectively. The main diagnostic features of Hypnum in earlier treatments are shown to represent broadly distributed homoplastic characters, correlated with adaptation to the habitat conditions, such as the moisture content.
Phylogeny and biogeography of Polygala (Polygalaceae)
Authors: Pastore José Floriano Barêa , Abbott J. Richard , Neubig Kurt M. , Van Den Berg Cassio , Mota Michelle Christine De Almeida , Cabral Andressa , Whitten W. Mark
Published: November 2019

We estimated phylogenetic relationships of Polygala inferred from nrITS, matK‐trnK, trnL intron, trnL‐trnF intergenic spacer, and rbcL sequence data, with emphasis on the New World clade. Our results did not support the New World and Old World clades as sister groups in Polygala. Relationships among Polygala and allied genera are being discussed, with the recovered clades compared to those of the current taxonomic delimitations. A biogeographic analysis using an ultrametric phylogenetic tree and calibrated with the fossil Paleosecuridaca as well as a reconstruction of the ancestral area are also provided.
Positioning using hybrid inductively‐capacitively coupled parallel line feeder
Authors: Ono Takahiro , Duong Quang‐Thang , Kaneko Yuya , Higashino Takeshi , Okada Minoru
Published: November 2019

In this article, we propose a one‐dimensional positioning technique using hybrid inductively–capacitively coupled parallel line feeder, suitable for indoor industrial applications. The proposed system enables a tag to detect its own position by sensing the standing wave pattern along the elongated feeder. If the tag measures only the magnetic field via inductive coupling, the detectable range of this approach is limited to approximately a quarter wavelength as the magnetic field strength repeats beyond this distance. To increase the detectable range, we use a special coupler to observe the standing wave patterns of both electric and magnetic fields and compare them with the reference patterns. Simulation and experiment results show that our method is capable of positioning in approximately a half wavelength. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On the baryon-color-flavor (BCF) anomaly in vector-like theories
Authors: Anber Mohamed M. , Poppitz Erich
Published: November 2019

Abstract

We consider the most general fractional background fluxes in the color, flavor, and baryon number directions, compatible with the faithful action of the global symmetry of a given theory. We call the obstruction to gauging symmetries revealed by such backgrounds the baryon-color-flavor (BCF) ’t Hooft anomaly. We apply the BCF anomaly to vector- like theories, with fermions in higher-dimensional representations of arbitrary N-ality, and derive non-trivial constraints on their IR dynamics. In particular, this class of theories enjoys an independent discrete chiral symmetry and one may ask about the fate of this symmetry in the background of BCF fluxes. We show that, under certain conditions, an anomaly between the chiral symmetry and the BCF background rules out massless composite fermions as the sole player in the IR: either the composites do not form or additional contributions to the matching of the BCF anomaly are required. We can also give a flavor-symmetric mass to the fermions, smaller than or of order the strong scale of the theory, and examine the θ-angle periodicity of the theory in the BCF background. Interestingly, we find that the conditions that rule out the composites are the exact same conditions that lead to an anomaly of the θ periodicity: the massive theory will experience a phase transition as we vary θ from 0 to 2π.
The S-matrix bootstrap IV: multiple amplitudes
Authors: Homrich Alexandre , Penedones João , Toledo Jonathan , van Rees Balt C. , Vieira Pedro
Published: November 2019

Abstract

We explore the space of consistent three-particle couplings in ℤ2-symmetric two-dimensional QFTs using two first-principles approaches. Our first approach relies solely on unitarity, analyticity and crossing symmetry of the two-to-two scattering amplitudes and extends the techniques of [2] to a multi-amplitude setup. Our second approach is based on placing QFTs in AdS to get upper bounds on couplings with the numerical conformal bootstrap, and is a multi-correlator version of [1]. The space of allowed couplings that we carve out is rich in features, some of which we can link to amplitudes in integrable theories with a ℤ2 symmetry, e.g., the three-state Potts and tricritical Ising field theories. Along a specific line our maximal coupling agrees with that of a new exact S-matrix that corresponds to an elliptic deformation of the supersymmetric Sine-Gordon model which preserves unitarity and solves the Yang-Baxter equation.
Correction to: A review on the flow instability of nanofluids
Authors: Lin Jianzhong , Yang Hailin
Published: November 2019

The article [A review on the flow instability of nanofluids], written by [Jianzhong LIN, Hailin YANG], was originally published Online First without Open Access. After publication in volume [40], issue [9], page [1227-1238] the author decided to opt for Open Choice and to make the article an Open Access publication. Therefore, the copyright of the article has been changed to © The Author(s) [2019] and the article is forthwith distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Afrocentric Attitudinal Reciprocity and Social Expectations of Employees: The Role of Employee-Centred CSR in Africa
Authors: Aju Oluseyi , Beddewela Eshani
Published: November 2019

In view of the limited consideration for Afrocentric perspectives in organisational ethics literature, we examine Employee-Centred Corporate Social Responsibility (EC-CSR) from the perspective of Afrocentric employees’ social expectations. We posit that Afrocentric employees’ social expectations and the organisational practices for addressing these expectations differ from conventional conceptualisation. By focusing specifically upon the psychological attributes evolving from the fulfilment of employees’ social expectations, we argue that Afrocentric socio-cultural factors could influence perceived organisational support and perceived employee cynicism. We further draw upon social exchange theory to explore rational reciprocity (i.e. attitude and behaviour) evolving from the fulfilment and breach of employees’ social expectations at work. Contrary to the rational norm of reciprocity, we identify a reciprocity norm within which the breach of employees’ social expectations could in fact engender positive reciprocity rooted inesanreciprocity ideology—an ideology that emerged from the ethical tradition of theYorubapeople from Nigeria, West Africa. Overall, our paper elucidates the implications of Afrocentric peculiarities for employees’ social exchange within the African workplace, thus extending the present understanding in this regard.
Bacterial species recognized for the first time for its biocontrol activity against fire blight (Erwinia amylovora)
Authors: Mikiciński Artur , Puławska Joanna , Molzhigitova Assel , Sobiczewski Piotr
Published: November 2019

This study included eight bacterial isolates originating from the apple phyllosphere or soil environment that were previously selected using the pear fruitlet test (Mikiciński 2017). Identification of these isolates based on phenotypic assays and DNA analysis showed that five of them belonged to species for which an antagonistic activity against Erwinia amylovora and the protective capacity of apple and pear against fire blight were not previously demonstrated. These were L16 identified as Pseudomonas vancouverensis, 3 M as Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens, 35 M – Pseudomonas congelans, 43 M – Enterobacter ludwigii, and 59 M – Pseudomonas protegens. Investigation of the biotic relationships between the tested strains and E. amylovora showed that 3 M, 35 M and 59 M inhibited the growth of the pathogen on five out of six media used (NAS, KB, LB, R2A, NAG), but 43 M did not do so on any of these media. Strain L16 did not inhibit the growth of the pathogen on LB or R2A medium. In contrast, all strains grown on medium 925 stimulated the growth of the pathogen, which showed no growth without co-cultivation with these strains. The experiments on apple trees and detached apple branches showed the ability of the tested bacteria to protect flowers at medium to high levels, depending on the experiment (55–93%). In some cases, this protection was even higher than that of the copper product used for comparison. In studies assessing the bacterial ability to protect shoots of M.26, the highest efficacy was observed for strains 35 M (96%) and 43 M (93%) but on ‘Gala Must’ all tested strains showed 100% of efficacy.
Asymptotic Height Distribution in High-Dimensional Sandpiles
Authors: Járai Antal A. , Sun Minwei
Published: November 2019

We give an asymptotic formula for the single-site height distribution of Abelian sandpiles on $$\mathbb {Z}^d$$

Z

d

as $$d \rightarrow \infty $$

d
→
∞

, in terms of $$\mathsf {Poisson}(1)$$

Poisson
(
1
)

probabilities. We provide error estimates.
Radial Injection in Suspension High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (S-HVOF) Thermal Spray of Graphene Nanoplatelets for Tribology
Authors: Venturi F. , Hussain T.
Published: November 2019

Friction is a major issue in energy efficiency of any apparatus composed of moving mechanical parts, affecting durability and reliability. Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) are good candidates for reducing friction and wear, and suspension high velocity oxy-fuel (SHVOF) thermal spray is a promising technique for their scalable and fast deposition, but it can expose them to excessive heat. In this work, we explore radial injection of GNPs in SHVOF thermal spray as a means of reducing their interaction with the hot flame while still allowing a high momentum transfer and effective deposition. Feedstock injection parameters, such as flowrate, injection angle and position, were studied using high-speed imaging and particles temperature and velocity monitoring at different flame powers using Accuraspray 4.0. Unlubricated ball-on-flat sliding wear tests against an alumina counterbody ball showed a friction coefficient reduction up to a factor 10 compared to the bare substrate, down to 0.07. The deposited layer of GNPs protects the underlying substrate by allowing low-friction dry sliding. A transmission electron microscopy study showed GNPs preserved crystallinity after spray and became amorphized and wrinkled upon wear. This study focused on GNPs but could be relevant to other heat- and oxidation-sensitive materials such as polymers, nitrides and 2D materials.
Ambivalent sexism and sexual objectification of women as predictors of rape myth acceptance among male college students in Greater Jakarta
Authors: Poerwandari Elizabeth Kristi , Utami Carina Putri , Primasari Indira
Published: November 2019

Sexual violence against women, particularly in the form of rape, is a serious issue that must be addressed in Indonesia. However, victims of sexual violence are not enveloped by a supportive atmosphere due to the pervasive acceptance of rape myths in society. This study examined the role of ambivalent sexism and sexual objectification of women in predicting the acceptance of rape myths among male college students in Greater Jakarta, Indonesia. A sample of 275 male college students completed the Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale-Short Form, Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, and Women Are Sexual Objects subscale from the Attitude Toward Dating and Relationship Measure Revised. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that ambivalent sexism and sexual objectification of women significantly predicted rape myth acceptance, with sexual objectification of women tends to have more contribution. This finding explains that to develop and conduct prevention and treatment, both variables need to be addressed, with more attention given to the sexual objectification of women.
Role of CAR-T cell therapy in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Greinix Hildegard T.
Published: November 2019

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are genetically engineered cells containing fusion proteins combining an extracellular epitope-specific binding domain, a transmembrane and signaling domains of the T cell receptor. The CD19-CAR T cell product tisagenlecleucel has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for therapy of children and young adults under 25 years with relapsed/refractory B‑cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) due to a high overall response rate of 81% at 3 months after therapy. The rates of event-free and overall survival were 50 and 76% at 12 months. Despite the high initial response rate with CD19-CAR‑T cells in B‑ALL, relapses occur in a significant fraction of patients. Current strategies to improve CAR‑T cell efficacy focus on improved persistence of CAR‑T cells in vivo, use of multispecific CARs to overcome immune escape and new CAR designs. The approved CAR‑T cell products are from autologous T cells generated on a custom-made basis with an inherent risk of production failure. For large scale clinical applications, universal CAR‑T cells serving as “off-the-shelf” agents would be of advantage. During recent years CAR‑T cells have been frequently used for bridging to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in patients with relapsed/refractory B‑ALL since we currently are not able to distinguish those CAR‑T cell induced CRs that will persist without further therapy from those that are likely to be short-lived. CAR‑T cells are clearly of benefit for treatment following relapse after allogeneic HSCT. Future improvements in CAR‑T cell constructs may allow longer term remissions without additional HSCT.
Characterization of Wood-based Industrial Biorefinery Lignosulfonates and Supercritical Water Hydrolysis Lignin
Authors: Hemmilä Venla , Hosseinpourpia Reza , Adamopoulos Stergios , Eceiza Arantxa
Published: November 2019

Understanding the properties of any particular biorefinery or pulping residue lignin is crucial when choosing the right lignin for the right end use. In this paper, three different residual lignin types [supercritical water hydrolysis lignin (SCWH), ammonium lignosulfonate (A-LS), and sodium lignosulfonate (S-LS)] were evaluated for their chemical structure, thermal properties and water vapor adsorption behavior. SCWH lignin was found to have a high amount of phenolic hydroxyl groups and the highest amount of β-O-4 linkages. Combined with a low ash content, it shows potential to be used for conversion into aromatic or platform chemicals. A-LS and S-LS had more aliphatic hydroxyl groups, aliphatic double bonds and C=O structures. All lignins had available C3/C5positions, which can increase reactivity towards adhesive precursors. The glass transition temperature (Tg) data indicated that the SCWH and S-LS lignin types can be suitable for production of carbon fibers. Lignosulfonates exhibited considerable higher water vapor adsorption as compared to the SCWH lignin. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the SCWH differed greatly from the lignosulfonates in purity, chemical structure, thermal stability and water sorption behavior. SCWH lignin showed great potential as raw material for aromatic compounds, carbon fibers, adhesives or polymers. Lignosulfonates are less suited for conversion into chemicals or carbon fibers, but due to the high amount of aliphatic hydroxyl groups, they can potentially be modified or used as adhesives, dispersants, or reinforcement material in polymers. For most value-adding applications, energy-intensive purification of the lignosulfonates would be required.

Graphic Abstract
Delivery across the blood-brain barrier: nanomedicine for glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Jena Lynn , McErlean Emma , McCarthy Helen
Published: November 2019

The malignant brain cancer, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is heterogeneous, infiltrative, and associated with chemo- and radioresistance. Despite pharmacological advances, prognosis is poor. Delivery into the brain is hampered by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which limits the efficacy of both conventional and novel therapies at the target site. Current treatments for GBM remain palliative rather than curative; therefore, innovative delivery strategies are required and nanoparticles (NPs) are at the forefront of future solutions. Since the FDA approval of Doxil® (1995) and Abraxane (2005), the first generation of nanomedicines, development of nano-based therapies as anti-cancer treatments has escalated. A new generation of NPs has been investigated to efficiently deliver therapeutic agents to the brain, overcoming the restrictive properties of the BBB. This review discusses obstacles encountered with systemic administration along with integration of NPs incorporated with conventional and emerging treatments. Barriers to brain drug delivery, NP transport mechanisms across the BBB, effect of opsonisation on NPs administered systemically, and peptides as NP systems are addressed.
New Iboga-Type Indole Alkaloids from Tabernaemontana divaricata
Authors: Li Xiang-Mei , Jiang Xian-Jun , Wei Guo-Zhu , Ren Li-Hua , Wang Li-Xia , Cheng Xue-Lian , Wang Fei
Published: November 2019

Two hitherto unknown iboga-type indole alkaloids, namely (3R)-7,19-di-epi-3-methoxytabernoxidine (1) and (3R,19R)-19-hydroxy-3-(2-oxopropyl)voacangine (2), together with eight known alkaloids (3–10), were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Tabernaemontana divaricata. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation, single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and circular dichroism spectrum.

Graphic Abstract
Diterpenoid Alkaloids and One Lignan from the Roots of Aconitum pendulum Busch
Authors: Wang Jun , Meng Xian-Hua , Chai Tian , Yang Jun-Li , Shi Yan-Ping
Published: November 2019

Diterpenoid alkaloids have neroprotective activity. Herein, three napelline-type diterpenoid alkaloids1–3, two aconitine-type diterpenoid alkaloids4–5, and one isoquinline-type alkaloid6, as well as one lignan glycoside7, have been isolated from the roots ofAconitum pendulumBusch. Compounds1and7were new compounds, and their chemical structures were determined on the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and mass spectrometry analysis. A ThT assay revealed that compound2showed significant disaggregation potency on the Aβ1−42aggregates.

Graphical Abstract
Heteropolyacid (H3PW12O40)-impregnated mesoporous KIT-6 catalyst for green synthesis of bio-diesel using transesterification of non-edible neem oil
Authors: Sudhakar P. , Pandurangan A.
Published: November 2019

Mesoporous Ia3d cubic structured KIT-6 support was prepared by hydrothermal strategy and heteropoly acid content (10, 20 and 30%) was stacked on KIT-6 by wet-impregnation technique. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by XRD, N2-sorption, NH3-TPD, ATFT-IR, TEM and SEM–EDAX analyses. Acid properties of the supported catalysts were investigated by pyridine-adsorbed ATFT-IR and NH3-TPD, respectively. Poly-anion coordination present in the catalyst was confirmed by the DRS-UV spectrum. The dispersion of heteropoly acid on the catalyst surface was observed by TEM analysis. Also, the presence of the elements such as W and P on the catalyst and its morphology were represented by the HRSEM–EDAX technique. The catalytic activity of HPWA/KIT-6 was investigated by the transesterification of neem oil with methanol. Among the different wt% catalyst, 20% catalyst showed highest neem oil conversion and selectivity at an optimized reaction temperature of 60 °C. Further, the spent catalyst was recovered and recycled three times, and it showed activity losses of less than 4%.
Academic nursing leadership in the U.S.: a case study of competition, compromise and moral courage
Authors: Olson Tom , Walsh Eileen
Published: November 2019

Public, private, non-profit and for-profit nursing education enterprises in the U.S. are competing with one another in a newly complex and volatile educational landscape, placing academic leaders into situations fraught with moral, ethical and legal compromise with few precedents for guidance. This case study provides a richly contextualized narrative exploration of ethical and legal challenges to one leader’s moral courage, a fictionalized exploration drawn from multiple sources over time, to form a composite that is nonetheless firmly rooted in the complexity and competitiveness characteristic of nursing education today. Our purpose is three-fold: 1) to direct the reader to moral and ethical questions that require thoughtful discourse and analysis among current and future academic nursing leaders; 2) to raise the issue of the need for regulations and oversight that reflect the changing realities of today’s increasingly complex and competitive educational arena; and 3) to encourage nursing education leaders to share additional cases that resonate for them, and in so doing, to expand the wellspring of ideas from which we can all draw in becoming more effective and morally courageous leaders.
Toward epidemic thresholds on temporal networks: a review and open questions
Authors: Leitch Jack , Alexander Kathleen A. , Sengupta Srijan
Published: November 2019

Epidemiological contact network models have emerged as an important tool in understanding and predicting spread of infectious disease, due to their capacity to engage individual heterogeneity that may underlie essential dynamics of a particular host-pathogen system. Just as fundamental are the changes that real-world contact networks undergo over time, both independently of and in response to pathogen spreading. These dynamics play a central role in determining whether a disease will die out or become epidemic within a population, known as the epidemic threshold. In this paper, we provide an overview of methods to predict the epidemic threshold for temporal contact network models, and discuss areas that remain unexplored.
Competitive Adsorption of Uranyl and Toxic Trace Metal Ions at MFe2O4-montmorillonite (M = Mn, Fe, Zn, Co, or Ni) Interfaces
Authors: Jiang Xiaoqiang , Nie Jianan , Bian Liang , Dong Faqin , Song Mianxin , He Yi , He Huichao , Zheng Zhiqin , Huo Tingting , Li Bowen , Belzile Nelson , Sun Shuhui , Zou Hao
Published: November 2019

Adsorption of uranyl (UO22+) ions to mineral surfaces is a potentially effective method for removing this hazardous metal from water, but other toxic trace metal ions (Xn+: Rb+, Sr2+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+) in uraniferous wastewaters compete with UO22+ for adsorption sites and thus may diminish the capacity of adsorbents to sequester UO22+. A better understanding of competitive adsorption among these metal ions and the development of better adsorbents are, therefore, of critical importance. The purpose of the present study was to synthesize and characterize magnetic adsorbents, consisting of MFe2O4 (M = Mn, Fe, Zn, Co, or Ni) nanoparticles synthesized on montmorillonite (Mnt) edge sites, and to investigate their use as adsorbents for UO22+, including competitive adsorption with trace metal ions. Selective adsorption was studied using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms, and the results showed that Xn+ ions were adsorbed primarily on MFe2O4-montmorillonite surfaces, and the UO22+ ions were adsorbed on the interfaces between montmorillonite edge surfaces and MFe2O4 nanoparticles. Using the Freundlich model, the interface adsorption capacity of UO22+ reached 25.1 mg·g–1 in mixed solution. Further, the UO22+ and Cr3+ ions had a redox reaction on the interfaces with synergistic adsorption. Herein, the adsorption capacity of Cr3+ was 60.2 mg·g–1 using the Freundlich isotherm. The results demonstrated that the MFe2O4-montmorillonite with highly selective adsorption of UO22+ ions is applicable to UO22+ treatment in the presence of toxic trace metal ions.

Graphical abstract
Just the Facts: Diagnosis and treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis in the emergency department
Authors: Yan Justin W. , Spaic Tamara , Liu Selina
Published: November 2019

A 21-year-old male with known type 1 diabetes mellitus presented to the emergency department (ED) with two days of vomiting, polyuria, and polydipsia after several days of viral upper respiratory tract infection symptoms. Since his symptom onset, his home capillary blood glucose readings have been higher than usual. On the day of presentation, his glucometer read “high,” and he could not tolerate oral fluids. On examination, his pulse was 110 beats/minute, and his respiratory rate was 24 breaths/minute. He was afebrile, and the remaining vital signs were normal. Other than dry mucous membranes, his cardiopulmonary, abdominal, and neurologic exams were unremarkable. Venous blood gas demonstrated a pH of 7.25 mm Hg, pCO2 of 31 mm Hg, HCO3 of 13 mm Hg, anion gap of 18 mmol/L, and laboratory blood glucose of 40 mmol/L, as well as serum ketones measuring “large.”
CAEP Dental Care Statement
Authors: Sheikh Hasan
Published: November 2019

Oral health is an important part of an individual's overall health; however, dental care is not included in the Canadian public healthcare system. Many Canadians struggle to access dental care, and six million Canadians avoid visiting the dentist each year due to cost.1 The most vulnerable groups include children from low-income families, low-income adults, seniors, indigenous communities, and those with disabilities.1–5 The lack of affordable, equitable, and accessible dental care puts undue strain on emergency departments across the country, as patients desperately seek the care of a physician when they actually need the care of a dental professional.6 Emergency physicians do not have the same expertise or equipment as dentists and, in most cases, are only able to provide temporary symptom relief. This results in an increased reliance on prescription opioids that would otherwise be unnecessary if patients could access the dental care they required.
Optic Nerve Atrophy in N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) Encephalitis
Authors: Schulz David C. , Pandey Sachin K. , Bursztyn Lulu L.C.D.
Published: November 2019

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA) encephalitis is a recently described autoimmune disease that typically presents with prodromal symptoms including upper respiratory tract infection, headache, fever, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Psychiatric symptoms follow within weeks, including anxiety, insomnia, mania, paranoia and grandiose delusions. The diagnosis is confirmed by the detection of NMDA antibodies in the serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).1 Tumours, especially teratomas, are frequently associated with NMDA encephalitis; however, only 5% of male patients older than 18 years have been found to have an underlying tumour. Optic neuropathy associated with NMDA encephalitis is being increasingly recognised in the literature2–6 and was reviewed most recently by Mugavin et al.2 in 2017. In this report, we present a case of bilateral optic neuropathy in a young man diagnosed with NMDA receptor encephalitis.
Application of a linear regression model to study the origin of C17 branched-chain fatty acids in caprine milk fat
Authors: Gómez-Cortés Pilar , Cívico Alfonso , de la Fuente Miguel Angel , Martínez Marín Andrés L.
Published: November 2019

This research communications addresses the hypothesis that a part of iso 17:0 and anteiso 17:0 in milk fat could come from endogenous extraruminal tissue synthesis. In order to confirm this a linear regression model was applied to calculate the proportions of iso 17:0 and anteiso 17:0 in milk fat that could come from elongation of their putative precursors iso 15:0 and anteiso 15:0, respectively. Sixteen dairy goats were allocated to two simultaneous experiments, in a crossover design with four animals per treatment and two experimental periods of 25 d. In both experiments, alfalfa hay was the sole forage and the forage to concentrate ratio (33 : 67) remained constant. Experimental diets differed on the concentrate composition, either rich in starch or neutral detergent fibre, and they were administered alone or in combination with 30 g/d of linseed oil. Iso 15:0, anteiso 15:0, iso 17:0 and anteiso 17:0, the most abundant branched-chain fatty acids in milk fat, were determined by gas chromatography using two different capillary columns. The regression model resolved that 49% of iso 17:0 and 60% of anteiso 17:0 in milk fat was formed extraruminally from iso 15:0 and anteiso 15:0 elongation.
Gene microarray integrated with iTRAQ-based proteomics for the discovery of NLRP3 in LPS-induced inflammatory response of bovine mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Sun Yu , Li Lian , Li Chengmin , Wang Genlin , Xing Guangdong
Published: November 2019

Mastitis, a major infectious disease in dairy cows, is characterized by an inflammatory response to pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. To better understand the immune and inflammatory response of the mammary gland, we stimulated bovine mammary gland epithelial cells (BMECs) with E. coli-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Using transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, we identified 1019 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, fold change ≥2 and P-value < 0.05) and 340 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs, fold change ≥1.3 and P-value < 0.05), of which 536 genes and 162 proteins were upregulated and 483 genes and 178 proteins were downregulated following exposure to LPS. These differentially expressed genes were associated with 172 biological processes; 15 Gene Ontology terms associated with response to stimulus, 4 associated with immune processes, and 3 associated with inflammatory processes. The DEPs were associated with 51 biological processes; 2 Gene Ontology terms associated with response to stimulus, 1 associated with immune processes, and 2 associated with inflammatory processes. Meanwhile, several pathways involved in mammary inflammation, such as Toll-like receptor, NF-κB, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways were also represented. NLRP3 depletion significantly inhibited the expression of IL-1β and PTGS2 by blocking caspase-1 activity in LPS-induced BMECs. These results suggest that NLR signaling pathways works in coordination with TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways via NLRP3-inflammasome activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in LPS-induced mastitis. The study highlights the function of NLRP3 in an inflammatory microenvironment, making NLRP3 a promising therapeutic target in Escherichia coli mastitis.
Validation of strip tests for the rapid screening of ethanol residues in milk
Authors: Fagnani Rafael , de Lira Fernanda Montanholi , Rosolem Carla Prado
Published: November 2019

The experiments reported in this Research Communication aimed to determine if a domestic strip test to detect ethanol residues in breast milk (Milkscreen®) is comparable to a previously established official method for detecting ethanol residues in milk. The two methods are examined in terms of overall sensitivity, robustness against storage and acidity and selectivity against formaldehyde residues. Here, Milkscreen® provided advantages, with faster results (2 min), good sensitivity (≥0.017%), no false results due formaldehyde residues and equal robustness against storage, but with lower sensitivity in acid milk samples. In summary, strip tests for the rapid detection of ethanol residues in breast milk can be used for screening purposes by dairy manufacturers, combining it with the official method to make a final diagnosis.
Locked-in or Locked-out: Can a Public Services Market Really Change?
Authors: CONSIDINE MARK , O’SULLIVAN SIOBHAN , MCGANN MICHAEL , NGUYEN PHUC
Published: November 2019

Australia’s welfare-to-work system has been subject to ongoing political contestation and policy reform since the 1990s. In this paper we take a big picture look at the Australian system over time, re-visiting our earlier analysis of the impact of marketisation on flexibility at the frontline over the first ten years of the Australian market in employment services. That analysis demonstrated that marketisation had failed to deliver the service flexibility intended through contracting-out, and had instead produced market herding around a common set of standardised frontline practices. In the interim, there have been two further major redesigns of the Australian system at considerable expense to taxpayers. Re-introducing greater flexibility and service tailoring into the market has been a key aim of these reforms. Calling on evidence from an original, longitudinal survey of frontline employment service staff run in 2008, 2012 and 2016, this paper considers how the Australian market has evolved over its second decade. We find remarkable consistency over time and, indeed, evidence of deepening organisational convergence. We conclude that, once in motion, isomorphic pressures towards standardisation quickly get locked into quasi-market regimes; at least when these pressures occur in low-trust contracting environments.
Trajectory Planning and the Target Search by the Mobile Robot in an Environment Using a Behavior-Based Neural Network Approach
Authors: Pandey Krishna Kant , Parhi Dayal R.
Published: November 2019

Navigation and path analysis in a cluttered environment is a challenging task over the last few decades. In this paper, a behavior-based neural network (BNN) and reactive control architecture have been presented for navigation of the mobile robot. Two different reactive behaviors have been taken as inputs function. Obstacle position is the first reactive behavior given by u(o), whereas obstacle angle u(n) according to the target position is the second reactive behavior. The angular velocity and steering angle are the output of the controller. The backpropagation architecture reduces the errors of weight function and records the best weight data that match the BNN controller. Using the BNN algorithm, the robot reacts quickly as compared to other developed techniques. To validate the performance of the controller, simulation and experimental results have been compared in the common platforms. The deviation in results for both the scenarios is found to be within 10%. The results of the BNN algorithm have also been compared with other existing techniques. Effectiveness of the proposed technique is measured in terms of smoothness of the realistic path, collision point detection, path length, and performance time.
Reading Henry Tresham's Theatre Curtain: Metastasio's Apotheosis and the Idea of Opera at London's Pantheon
Authors: Burden Michael
Published: November 2019

When London's new Pantheon Opera opened in 1791, the artist Henry Tresham, not long returned from Italy, was paid to paint the ceiling and proscenium of the new auditorium and to provide a drop curtain. The curtain provided a focus for the new institution's aspirations and for the audience's attention on those inspirations when they arrived at the theatre. Its elaborate nature – the zodiac, the music of the spheres, ancient and modern composers, the passions, and with a centrepiece of the apotheosis of Pietro Metastasio – was the subject of a series articles in the press explaining the curtain's allegory. All visual material was thought to be lost, but the recent identification of a preparatory watercolour of the apotheosis has offered an opportunity to re-examine both its place in the context of late eighteenth-century iconography and the place of Metastasio in the late eighteenth-century London opera house.
Edge-statistics on large graphs
Authors: Alon Noga , Hefetz Dan , Krivelevich Michael , Tyomkyn Mykhaylo
Published: November 2019

The inducibility of a graph H measures the maximum number of induced copies of H a large graph G can have. Generalizing this notion, we study how many induced subgraphs of fixed order k and size ℓ a large graph G on n vertices can have. Clearly, this number is $\left( {\matrix{n \cr k}}\right)$ for every n, k and $\ell \in \left\{ {0,\left( {\matrix{k \cr 2}} \right)}\right\}$. We conjecture that for every n, k and $0 \lt \ell \lt \left( {\matrix{k \cr 2}}\right)$ this number is at most $ (1/e + {o_k}(1)) {\left( {\matrix{n \cr k}} \right)}$. If true, this would be tight for ℓ ∈ {1, k − 1}.

In support of our ‘Edge-statistics Conjecture’, we prove that the corresponding density is bounded away from 1 by an absolute constant. Furthermore, for various ranges of the values of ℓ we establish stronger bounds. In particular, we prove that for ‘almost all’ pairs (k, ℓ) only a polynomially small fraction of the k-subsets of V(G) have exactly ℓ edges, and prove an upper bound of $ (1/2 + {o_k}(1)){\left( {\matrix{n \cr k}}\right)}$ for ℓ = 1.

Our proof methods involve probabilistic tools, such as anti-concentration results relying on fourth moment estimates and Brun’s sieve, as well as graph-theoretic and combinatorial arguments such as Zykov’s symmetrization, Sperner’s theorem and various counting techniques.
On Interfacial Microstructure Evolution in an Isothermally Exposed SiC Fiber-Reinforced Ti-17 Matrix Composite
Authors: Fan Yingwei , Zhou Xiaorong
Published: November 2019

The kinetics and mechanisms of interface reactions in a unidirectional continuous SiC fiber-reinforced Ti-17 matrix composite were investigated using transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that a reaction zone (RZ) consisting of two-layered TiC-type carbide forms at the fiber/matrix interface during fabrication of the composite. After isothermal exposure at elevated temperatures, the two-layered TiC-type carbide is inherited, and a new TiC-type carbide layer forms within the RZ after exposure at temperatures lower than 900°C, while a new Ti3C2-type carbide layer forms after exposure at 900°C. It was also observed that the growth of RZ is a diffusion-controlled and temperature-dependent process, obeying the Fick's law-based parabolic relationship and the Arrhenius equation. Two material constants, the temperature-independent rate constantk0and activation energyQ, are determined as 31.5 × 10−4µm/s1/2and 49.9 kJ/mol, respectively.
The search for microbial Martian life and American Buddhist ethics
Authors: Capper Daniel
Published: November 2019

Multiple searches hunt for extraterrestrial life, yet the ethics of such searches in terms of fossil and possible extant life on Mars have not been sufficiently delineated. In response, in this essay, I propose a tripartite ethic for searches for microbial Martian life that consists of default non-harm towards potential living beings, default non-harm to the habitats of potential living beings, but also responsible, restrained scientific harvesting of some microbes in limited transgression of these default non-harm modes. Although this multifaceted ethic remains secular and hence adaptable to space research settings, it arises from both a qualitative analysis of authoritative Buddhist scriptural ethics as well as the quantified ethnographic survey voices of contemporary American Buddhists. The resulting tripartite ethic, while developed for Mars, contains ramifications for the study of microbes on Earth and further retains application to other research locations in our Solar system.
Declining ethnic relations in post-war Liberia: The transmission of violent memories
Authors: Weah Aaron
Published: November 2019

More than ten years after the Liberia Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) released its Final Report, there has been no implementation of the recommendations proffered. This article focuses on post-conflict memorialization, the TRC's strategy to engender collective remembering, and a set of State-led actions designed to teach future generations about the past violence with a view to preventing relapse into violent conflict. Both the constructive and destructive patterns of remembering that have evolved in the wake of the government's silence since the release of the recommendations will be analyzed.
Optimization the formulation parameters in preparation of α-tocopherol nanodispersions using low-energy solvent displacement technique
Authors: Jaberi Naghmeh , Anarjan Navideh , Jafarizadeh-Malmiri Hoda
Published: November 2019

Abstract. α-Tocopherol is the main compound of vitamin E with great antioxidant activity. However, like other functional lipid bioactive compounds, it suffers from low bioavailability due to its low water solubility and liable chemical structure. A bottom-up procedure based on a solvent-displacement method was constructed for fabrication of α-tocopherol nanodispersions using response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of main formulation parameters, namely, weight ratio of emulsifier to α-tocopherol and volumetric percent of acetone to water on the average particle size (nm), polydispersity index, concentration of α-tocopherol loss (% w/w) and turbidity of the nanodispersions were evaluated and optimized to gain the most desirable nanodispersions (least particle size, polydispersity index, turbidity and highest α-tocopherol concentrations). Second order regression equations, holding quite high coefficients of determination (R2 and adjusted R2 > 0.882), were significantly (p-value < 0.05) fitted for predicting the α-tocopherol nanodispersion characteristics variations as functions of studied formulation parameters. A multiple optimization analysis offered 6.5 and 10% for weight ratio of Tween 20 to α-tocopherol and volume percent of acetone, respectively, as overall optimum values for studied parameters. Statistically insignificant differences between experimental and predicted values of studied responses, verified the satisfactoriness of presented models for explaining the response characteristics as a function of formulation parameters. Thus, the employed solvent-displacement technique may provide the most desired water dispersible α-tocopherol nanoparticles for several water-based foods, cosmetic nutraceutical formulations.
The Development and Validation of an Interest and Skill Inventory on	Educational Choices (ISEC)
Authors: Meens Evelyne E. M. , Bakx Anouke W. E. A. , Mulder Joris , Denissen Jaap J. A.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. This study aimed at developing and validating a new instrument to facilitate late adolescents and young adults to choose a higher education major. For the main study, the sample consisted of 6,215 late adolescents and young adults ( Mage = 19.50, SD = 1.89, 42.3% female). After rational scale construction based on the RIASEC model of Holland (1997) , several statistical analyses were conducted. In four studies, structural validity, internal consistency, and construct validity were examined. Our analyses showed that adequate structural validity, internal consistency, and construct validity were established. A 7-factor structure was found, in which the investigative domain split into two subscales. The overall results suggested that the new instrument is reliable and valid as an orientation instrument in applied settings in secondary and higher education.
A Psychometric Evaluation of a Reduced Version of the PID-5 in	Clinical and Non-Clinical Adolescents
Authors: Koster Nagila , Laceulle Odilia M. , Van der Heijden Paul T. , Klimstra Theo , De Clercq Barbara , Verbeke Lize , De Caluwé Elien A. L. , Van Aken Marcel A. G.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. A dimensional perspective on personality pathology in which trait assessment plays an important role has been proposed in the DSM-5, as represented in the PID-5 measure. In an attempt to increase the feasibility of the personality disorder (PD) assessment process, Maples and colleagues constructed a reduced, 100-item version of the PID-5. This study aimed to replicate and extend previous findings on the psychometric properties of this 100-item PID-5 relying on a non-clinical ( N = 100) and a clinical ( N = 101) sample of mid-adolescents, as well as a non-clinical ( N = 218) and a clinical ( N = 212) sample of late-adolescents. Results indicate that the psychometric properties of the 100-item PID-5 are adequate and similar to the original PID-5 in all samples. Our study provides evidence for extended applicability of the 100-item PID-5 for both clinical and non-clinical adolescents.
Validation of the Procrastination at Work Scale
Authors: Metin U. Baran , Taris Toon W. , Peeters Maria C. W. , Korpinen Max , Smrke Urška , Razum Josip , Kolářová Monika , Baykova Reny , Gaioshko Dariia
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Procrastination at work has been examined relatively scarcely, partly due to the lack of a globally validated and context-specific workplace procrastination scale. This study investigates the psychometric characteristics of the Procrastination at Work Scale (PAWS) among 1,028 office employees from seven countries, namely, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Finland, Slovenia, Turkey, Ukraine, and the United Kingdom. Specifically, it was aimed to test the measurement invariance of the PAWS and explore its discriminant validity by examining its relationships with work engagement and performance. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis shows that the basic factor structure and item loadings of the PAWS are invariant across countries. Furthermore, the two subdimensions of procrastination at work exhibited different patterns of relationships with work engagement and performance. Whereas soldiering was negatively related to work engagement and task performance, cyberslacking was unrelated to engagement and performance. These results indicate further validity evidence for the PAWS and the psychometric characteristics show invariance across various countries/languages. Moreover, workplace procrastination, especially soldiering, is a problematic behavior that shows negative links with work engagement and performance.