bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Developing Countermeasures for Environmental Monitoring in China
Authors: Zhu Dian Xing , Li Xin
Published: December 2013

Environmental issues have become an important problem must be faced, which can not be avoided during economic development. To improve the living and ecological environment,environmental monitoring plays an important role in maintaining rapid and sustained economic development. It can response to the phenomenon and trends of environmental management accurately and comprehensively, and provides the basis of pollution control and environmental planning. This paper briefly described the definition and importance of environmental monitoring, then analyzed the status quo of the environmental monitoring, and pointed some of the deficiencies in the presence of current environmental monitoring. Finally, this paper proposed some suggestions during environmental monitoring to provide reference for environment monitoring in China.
A Pretreatment Method for Detection of Cyanide Ion Concentration in Decontamination Wastewater
Authors: Cai Ya Wei , Wang Lian Yuan , Zhu Hai Yan , Ma Meng Meng , Zhang Hong Peng , Ma Guo Hua , Cheng Zhen Xing
Published: December 2013

Three oxidant decontaminants, including NaClO, H2O2 and an organic peroxyl acid, were introduced to destroy the cyanide ion. The residual cyanide ion concentrations in different decontamination water were detected by a cyanide ion selective meter. Before the detection process, the oxidants left in the cyanide decontamination water were pretreated by adding a certain amount of Na2SO3. Results showed that starch-iodide solution indicator method presented a perfect function on determining the dosage of Na2SO3. Values of the relative mean deviations on residual cyanide detection were below 5%. After the decontamination water was deoxidized by Na2SO3, whether the sample distillated or not could not affect the value of CN- quite much. Non-distillation was confirmed alternative in the detection of cyanide ion decontamination water. Too much standing time would lead to a relatively lower CN- concentration, especially in that of non-distillation.
Environmental Impact Assessment for Reclamation Based on Marine Hydrodynamics and Sediment
Authors: Li Xin , Li Ming Chang , Wang Ying , Jiao Run Hong , Hong Ning Ning
Published: December 2013

In this paper, a systematic method is presented to evaluate the environmental impact of reclamation. In this method system, the numerical simulated results of hydrodynamics, water exchange and sediment are coupled and input into a nonlinear set pair coupling assessment model for the environmental impact assessment. This method is calibrated by case study of Tangshan Bay, which is an essential method for improving the environmental impact assessment of reclamation.
Evaluation of Sustainable Development Based on Emergy Energy Footprint: A Case Study of the Jing-Jin-Ji Region, China
Authors: Tan Fei Fei , Lu Zhao Hua
Published: December 2013

This study evaluated the sustainability of Jing-Jin-Ji Region by exploiting as emergy tool for transforming the consumption to the land area appropriated, and analyzed the development level by attempting to integrate with human development index. The result showed that emergy energy footprint per capita in the Jing-Jin-Ji region has increased from from 5.6917 hm2to 10.5596 hm2within the past ten years at an average growth of 9.50% annually, appearing unsustainability. It was also demonstrated that the energy deficit , energy footprint itensify and energy pressure index were presented to depict severe insecurity of the ecological system. And the value of human development index in the region were higher than the corresponding nationwide average value, indicating a certain degree development of society and economy. The study would provide the foundation for regional sustainable development research in similar area.
The Stability Evaluations of Municipal Landfill in Malaysia for Future Land Use
Authors: Nik Norsyahariati Nik Daud , Nurul Ayunie Azman , Siti Aisyah Ibrahim , Amimul Ahsan
Published: December 2013

The research is about the investigation of the effects of landfill stability with relation to the solid waste composition in landfill site located in Selangor, Malaysia. The stability of a landfill relies on the shear strength of its elements and their settlement behaviour. Most of the landfill is made up of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), so the overall stability of the landfill slopes is governed by the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the MSW. The main objective of this research is to determine the relationship between solid waste composition and their mechanical properties in order to analyse the site stability. The workplan begin with the desk study and proceed with physical and chemical properties test followed by the implementation of details laboratory works for testing the mechanicals parameters. A landfill site has been selected and four samples location differred by age were chosen in order to have a clear view of the overall solid waste composition and the geotechnical condition of selected landfill site. Basic physical and chemical properties of MSW were carried out such as moisture content, specific gravity and organic content. In terms of mechanical properties; shear strength and settlement behaviour were investigated. At the end of this study, several salient points have been concluded with respected to the solid waste composition and the site stability analysis.
Energy Production from Natural Gas: Evaluation of Pontential Environmental Impacts Using Life Cycle Assesment Approach
Authors: Hafizan C. , Noor Zainura Z. , Michael F. L
Published: December 2013

Nowadays, sustainability is one of the main driving forces for worldwide economic growth especially in energy production. Conbustion of fuel such as natural gas for energy production not only produce electricity but also impacts to environment. In order to assess the environmental impacts of the natural gas power plant, study of life cycle assessment (LCA) has been carried out based on the data obtained from natural gas (NG) power plant in Johor, Malaysia. Data validation has been done by comparing the result with other assessment using the data available in the database. This paper presents the results of the LCA. From this study, it was found that there are insignificant differences in terms of the potential environmental impacts between the LCA study conducted using the data from the NG power with the assessment conducted using data from the database.KeywordsLife cycle assessment, sustainability, energy, natural gas
Indoor Environmental Quality Survey: A Brief Comparison between Different Post Occupancy Evaluation Methods
Authors: Galatioto Alessandra , Leone Giuliana , Milone Daniele , Pitruzzella Salvatore , Franzitta Vincenzo
Published: December 2013

Building occupants are important factor in giving information on indoor conditions such as comfort, productivity, building performance and occupants ́ health. Even that, being their appraisal mainly based on subjective judgments, it is difficult to set up a standard and objective method for this purpose. The present work aimed to describe, analyze and compare the most common tests on this topic, in order to highlight critical, failings and strengths.
Electrokinetic Remediation of Railroad Soil Contaminated by Multi-Metals Using 2-D Reactor
Authors: Lee Jae Young , Jung Woo Sung , Kim Bo Kyong , Kwon Tae Soon
Published: December 2013

Soil pollution around railroad sites is mainly caused by heavy metals and oils. In this study, electrokinetic (EK) remediation was tested to remediate the heavy metal-contaminated railroad soil. The main pollutants of the soil were Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. The used reactor was 2-D scale and DC electric current was supplied continuously under 2 V/cm. As a result, the total removal efficiency of heavy metals from the contaminated railroad soil was about 55.2 %. In the future, the additional researches are required to enhance the removal efficiency for the residual concentration of heavy metals in soil under the remediation standard levels designated from the Soil Environment Preservation Act in Korea.
Analysis of Blockage in Heat-Exchanger of Crude Oil Stabilizer Station
Authors: Zhang Bo , Zhang Lei , Tong Zhi Bo , Wang Xin Gang , Liu Chun Li
Published: December 2013

The most shortage of heat-exchanger in crude oil stabilizer station was scaling. The forming of blockage has been confirmed, by the methods of chemical analysis, XRD diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyse the qualitative and quantitative of it. The blockage is due to the impurity in oil. On one hand, the inorganic substances, mainly Si4+ and Al3+, adhere to the wall by chemical reaction. On the other hand, heavy oil, like asphaltenes, is eluted from flow and exacerbated the adsorption force. Thus, a group of organic and inorganic clogs has formed, which cause the scaling of heat-exchanger unit.
The Study of Improving Saline-Alkali Soils by Means of the Application of Desulfurization Gypsums in Baicheng
Authors: Li Yu Bo , Xu Qing Tao , Yan Shou Gang
Published: December 2013

The pot experiments were carried out to test planting of oil sunflower with the application of desulfurization gypsum in ameliorating sodic salinity soils. Results showed that exchangeable sodium pH values decreased significantly while soil salt content increased. The germination rate and yield of the sunflower increased significantly after desulfurization gypsum was applied, but excessive application of desulfurization gypsum inhibited germination and growth of the plant. There is the best improvement after application of 33.75(t·hm-2) of desulfurization gypsum in the 0-20 cm surface layer of soils moderate in sodic salinity, such conditions are favorable for sunflower growth.
Effect of Aggregated Floc Circulation on Membrane Fouling in Contact Circulated Coagulation-Membrane Filtration Hybrid Process for Treatment of Surface Water
Authors: Zhao Xue Hui , Zhang Hong Wei , Wang Jie
Published: December 2013

The effect of aggregated floc circulation on membrane fouling in contact circulated coagulation-membrane filtration hybrid process for treatment of surface water was investigated in this study. In order to understand the floc characteristics, the floc formation, breakage and re-growth were monitored by Mastersizer 2000 under the coagulation dosage of 5, 10, 15 and 20mg/l. A contact circulated coagulation tests were carried out and the effluent was filtered by a dead-end micro-filtration with the hollow fibre membrane. The coagulation effluent quality and the relative permeability J/J0 of membrane was determined at the circulated floc dosage of 22, 44 and 66mg/l. The experiment results indicated that the addition of circulated floc obviously improved the flux decline and the degree of improvement was closely related to the dosage of circulated floc. Compared to traditional coagulation, the contact circulated coagulation was an economic and efficient method to retard the membrane fouling.
Phosphorus Removal by Electrochemical Using Aluminum Electrode
Authors: Mamadou Dian Kante , Zhang Bao Gang , Feng Chuan Ping
Published: December 2013

In this study, the removal of phosphorus from wastewater was performed using electro-coagulation by Aluminum electrode. Several parameters was investigated such effect of pH (1.5;3;5;9;11) ,effect of initial concentration (5mg/l ;10mg/l) and concentration of COD (300-800 mg/l). Removal of phosphorus without optimization of the parameters is 77 %. Optimization of the parameters for removal of phosphorus shows, effect of initial pH, initial concentration of phosphate and COD are 93 % , 93 % and 90.3% to 55min with 0.8 A, respectively. This proves a great optimization of phosphorus removal.
Viscosity of Methylbenzene in [Bmim][BF4] and [Bmim][PF6] Ionic Liquids
Authors: Guo Bin , Song Yu , Liang Wei Zhao , Zhang Dan Dan , Han Wei , Song Wei
Published: December 2013

To well know the properties of ionic liquid mixtures, the viscosity of the binary mixtures containing the methylbenzene and imidazole ionic liquids (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [Bmim][BF4] or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [Bmim][PF6]) were measured. Within the temperature range from 298.15 K to 308.15 K, the viscosity of the four binary systems decreased sharply as the increase of temperature. The viscosity decreased slowly in the temperature range from 308.15 K to 338.15 K. The viscosity also decreased with decreasing of the mole fraction of ionic liquid. The viscosity of methylbenzene in the imidazole ionic liquids was in sequence: [Bmim][BF4] < [Bmim][PF6]. The experimental viscosity values had been correlated using the binary parameters of Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman equation.
Kinetics Modeling of Anaerobic Fermentative Production of Methane from Kitchen Waste Solid Residual
Authors: Gao Shu Mei , Zhao Ming Xing , Ruan Wen Quan , Deng Yu Ying
Published: December 2013

A series of batch mesophilic anaerobic digesntion were conducted using an automatic methane potential test system (AMPTS) and the kinetics of methane production was also discussed using modified Gompertz equation, Logistic function, First-order kinetics model and Transference function, respectively. The results showed that the kitchen waste solid residual was of high biomethane potential, and the maximum specific methane yield was obtained 585 NmL/g TS at inoculums substrate ratio (ISR) 2:1. All of the four models could appropriately fit the accumulative methane production in steady state (R2>0.95), where the 1st-ordre model and Transference function were relatively much better (R2>0.99) than the other two models. The maximum methane production and maximum methane production rate obtained from the Transference function were 569.32 NmL/g TS and 150.22 NmL/g TS day; the maximum kinetics constant obtained from the 1st-order model was 0.272/day; the lag time (λ) was basically negligible in all the cases. These parameters were quite close to the experimental results.
Study on the Optimum Condition for Immobilization and Properties of Laccase on Coordinated Chitosan-Cu2+
Authors: Yang Bo , Wang Xu Ming
Published: December 2013

Coordinated chitosan-Cu2+ as a carrier, the laccase was immobilized on it by polymeric coordination method. In this study, the optimal conditions for immobilization and properties of laccase were investigated. The optimal conditions for immobilization were: CuSO4 (0.05 mol/L), complex time (7 h), laccase concentration (250 U/mL), immobilization time (8 h). Under this condition, the activity of immobilized laccase can reach 820 U/g. In comparison with the free laccase, the optimum pH and temperature of immobilized laccase have a little change, while the heat resistance and pH stability were improved. After the immobilized laccase was stored in the refrigerator at 4 °C for 25 days, the activity of it remained 69.5 % of the original, it illustrates the immobilized laccase has a good storage stability. The laccase immobilized with chitosan-Cu2+ has high activity and has potential to use in industry as a biocatalyst.
New Concept Design of Modified DEWATS System for Wastewater Treatment with both Horizontal Subsurface Constructed Wetland and Aquatic Plants Pond System in Military Barracks
Authors: Zhou Xiao Qin , Zhou Wei , Li Zi Fu , Wang Chun Ju , Liu Shao Ying , Wu Mang
Published: December 2013

Taking military barracks wastewater treatment as an example, this paper presents a new concept design of a modified DEWATS system with both the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland and aquatic plants pond. Results show that this process in treating the military barracks area wastewater have many advantages such as low operation cost, simple operation and maintenance, and the effluent could meet the urban wastewater treatment plant pollutant discharge standard "(GB18919-2002) for first level Class A. It is suitable for the military barracks which have difficulty to be connected to centralized sewerage treatment system. At the same time, it can effectively improve the internal and surrounding water environment around the military barracks. This is a flexible wastewater treatment technology and can be replicated and applied for decentralized wastewater treatment.
Research on Sewage Treatment of Constructed Wetland on Expressway
Authors: Liu Jing
Published: December 2013

As a new type of ecology treatment technology, constructed wetland has been widely utilized in the sewage disposal system. The paper researches into the constructed wetlands basic concept, structural constitutions and the sewage disposal mechanism. It has been certified that the constructed wetland technology play an important role in decreasing point source pollution on expressway.
Treatment of Wastewater with Different Ratios of Carbon to Nitrogen Using an Enhanced Nitrogen Removal System of Constructed Wetland
Authors: Tao Min , Wang Qi Shuo , Li Ji Guang , Qu Juan Juan , Zhan Ya Qun , Li Wei Qin , Luo Ying Bo
Published: December 2013

An enhanced nitrogen removal system of constructed wetland has been established, and for which kind of nitrogen containing wastewater was suitable to be treated by such enhanced system was also investigated. The results show that when co-controlled by intermittent aeration and carbon source addition, dissolved oxygen concentration and process carbon-nitrogen ratio in enhanced system were improved, meanwhile TN removal capability was enhanced. For wastewater that contains low concentration of carbon and nitrogen, or low concentration of carbon but high concentration of nitrogen, or high concentration of carbon and nitrogen, or high concentration of carbon and low concentration of nitrogen, the average removal efficiency of COD, TN, NH4+-N, NO3--N and TP in enhanced system were 68.1%, 78.2%, 70.8%, 86.7% and 71.2%, of which the purification capability was significantly better than that of the control system. The enhanced system is especially suitable for treatment of wastewater that contains low concentration of carbon and high nitrogen.
A Study of Environmental Issues and Air Pollution Control Strategies in Faisalabad, Pakistan Using Geographical Information System (GIS)
Authors: Niaz Yasir , Zhou Ji Ti
Published: December 2013

The increased occurrence of smoggy days in major Pakistan cities is of major concern to the general public. This paper explores the major sources of pollutants total suspended particles and lead concentration, a key contributor to the smog in Faisalabad, one of the largest cities in Pakistan. Evidence indicates that the total suspended particles and lead concentration formed through NOx, SOx, NH3, VOCs, etc. have a strong impact on human health. As a result, air pollution control should not simply focus on controlling particulate emission, but should involve adopting an integrated multi pollutant control strategy. In addition to identifying the major sources of air pollution, this paper explores its impact on environmental and human health. The results also compare with the permissible limit of NEQS and USEPA standards. The study shows that TSP concentration 80% values within the permissible limits of ambient air quality according to the standards of USEPA and NEQS. In the samples, Lead concentration is higher than the USEPA and NEQS standards of ambient air quality 1.5μg/m3 and 2μg/m3 respectively. The research suggests that adequate government regulation, public awareness, regional collaboration and industrial compliance are keys to successfully controlling air pollution.
Beidaihe Area Water Ecological Environment Protection
Authors: Lu Meng , Nie Yan Qing
Published: December 2013

This paper makes a survey on water ecological environment of Beidaihe area of China. It analyzed the main factors influencing water ecological environment, including upstream section of river water quality; ecological runoff is not enough; breed unitary and overfishing; lack specialized management institutions. This paper put forward the measures and suggestions on water ecological environment protection: establishment transregional river pollution management mechanism; strengthen wetland protected area construction; develop the publicity channels and increase public awareness of ecological protection.
Structural and Physical Properties of Antibacterial Ag-Doped Magnetic Microspheres
Authors: Liu Xian Ming , Yang Xue Yi , Du De Guang
Published: December 2013

Synthesis of Ag-doped magnetic composites with antibacterial properties is in the great interest in the development of new biomedical applications. Ag/γ-Fe2O3 composite microspheres have been successfully prepared via a simple solvothermal reduction method under mild conditions. The crystal phases and the shapes of the products were characterized by XRD and SEM. The results revealed that the composites are spherical with the diameter of 200-300 nm. Magnetic measurements showed that the mixed microspheres exhibit a typical ferromagnetic behavior, a specific saturation magnetization of 56 emu/g and an intrinsic coercivity of 38 Oe at room temperature. The strain of E. coli was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the Ag-doped γ-Fe2O3 composites which exhibited very high inhibition.
Adsorption of Cu2+ from Aqueous Solution by Walnut Shell
Authors: Lu Xiu Guo , Yan Pei Pei , Dang Xiao Fang
Published: December 2013

Walnut shell was used as adsorbent to remove Cu2+ metal ions from the simulated aqueous solution. The influence of factors, namely: particle size, initial pH, oscillation intensity, adsorbent dosage and adsorption time were investigated through single factor experiments.The results show that, the adsorption capacity reached the peak for Cu2+ in 25°C when the initial pH was 5, particle size was 1.25~1.6mm, adsorbent dosage was2.5g, oscillation speed reached 200r/min, and the adsorption time was 360min, all above leads the removal rate of Cu2+reached 75.7%, and the adsorption capacity of Cu2+ 0.702 mg/g. The pseudo-second-order model was fitted to describe the adsorption of Cu2+ , it was shown that adsorption rate for the metal ions in proportion to the square of the concentration.The equilibrium concentration of adsorption fitted well with Langmuir isotherm equation, the process of adsorption was single molecular layer adsorption.
Numerical Simulation of Contaminant Dynamic Transfer in Dual-Domain Model
Authors: Zhang Peng Wei , Wen Qing Bo , Hu Li Ming
Published: December 2013

Preferential flowpaths (PFP) causes highly heterogeneity of soil. In this study a preferential flowpaths generalized model has been established, based on dual-domain model (DDM) which reflects contaminant transport and the dynamic transfer between mobile and immobile domains, quantitatively analyses the contaminant mass transfer in pore scale at three different conditions. Besides, define relative hydraulic conductivity reflect the impact of PFP physical parameters, results show that it can affect the contaminant transport form and the distribution of contaminant concentration.
Influences of Gas Velocity and Particle Distribution on PM10 Collection in Wire-Plate ESP under Diffusion Charging Mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Jian Ping , Zhou Ai Xi , Du Yu Ying , Wu Helen , Ren Jian Xing , Hu Dan Mei
Published: December 2013

To study the PM10 collection in a wire-plate ESP, a numerical model was built and performed by FLUENT software. Deutsch-Anderson Equation was subsequently applied to collection efficiency calculation. The numerical results under different gas velocities at inlet and particle distributions indicate that the collection efficiency of PM10 increases with a decrease in gas velocity, and that the increment of grade efficiency will become bigger if particle diameter gets smaller. By comparing with a decrease in gas velocity, diffusion charging mechanism is found to be valuable for PM10 in aspect of collection. As two parameters of Rosin-Rammler distribution decrease, grade efficiency will increase, especially for fine particles, and a larger positive effect the diffusion charging mechanism will have on collection efficiency, but overall efficiency will decrease. Finally, the effect of particle distributions on grade efficiency is much smaller than that of diffusion charging mechanism or the gas velocity at inlet.
Research on Sewage Discharge Effect Simulation in Cao Fei-Dian SCIP
Authors: Yu Hang , Bai Jing Feng , Wang Xin Hai
Published: December 2013

The sewage diffusion is an environmental material for protecting marine environment. It plays an important role in port engineering. Its effect under deep water was carried out between different diffuser design parameters based on the hydraulic model test, and Cao Fei-dian SCIP sewage marine disposal project was taken as an example. For this project, jet angle was controlled to be 0 degree, and horizontal angle was controlled to be 0 degree. It not only can ensure that sewage fully diluted mixed, also can avoid the premature convergence and sewage lifting. It is feasible for selecting large angle nozzle under deep water and there are some technical bases have been provided for other sewage marine disposal project.
Study on the Photo-Electro-Catalytic Oxidation of Methane
Authors: Wu Wen Yan , Wang Luo Chun , Zhou Zhen , Liu Ke Jia , Li Xiao Hua , Zhao You Cai
Published: December 2013

Emission control of methane from landfills has received considerable attentions in recent years. Photo-electro-catalytic oxidation of methane was carried out at the mode of continuous electrolysis and intermittent illumination with TiO2-coated titanium mesh plate as pholocatalyst and electrode in combination with ionic liquid as electrolyte under UV light irradiation. The result showed that the rapid conversion of methane was achieved under ambient pressure and temperature through photocatalytic oxidation combining with electrolysis. Under the mode of intermittent illumination (on:off = 10 min : 10 min) and continuous electrolysis (II-CE), the highest oxidation rate of methane (280 mg/(m3min)) was obtained. Under fixed off time and total illumination time, the oxidation quantity of methane linearly increased with the intermittent frequency. Photo-electro-catalytic oxidation of methane can be described by the first-order kinetics, and the apparent kinetic constant increased with the intermittent frequency.
Pollution Emission Audit in China Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Group
Authors: Chen Yuan Hua , Li Jie , Zhang Li Na
Published: December 2013

Recently, China has encountered significant challenges in improving, on a large scale, the environmental performance of its industries, which puts great threat to energy conservation and human health. As one of the State-owned Key Enterprises, to check and reduce negative environmental impacts throughout the subsidiary companies production processes, pollutant emission audit is conducted, which will find total mass of discharged pollutant and weaknesses in the enterprises environmental management. Consequently, this paper established the audit framework, concluding audit objectives, principle and methodology. Finally, nine companies were conducted in this case study.
Design and Implementation of Intelligent Control System for Industrial Sewage Treatment Aeration Quantity
Authors: Wang Xin , Li Ran , Li Ling , Wang Long Shuang , Qin Bin
Published: December 2013

Due to the characteristics of dissolved oxygen process, such as non-linear and time delay, the traditional control methods are not very ideal for the aeration quantity assignment in the major domestic wastewater treatment plants. An intelligent system that controls the aeration quantity of the wastewater treatment of biochemistry pools is adopted, which the feedback control and the intelligence model are used to keep the balance of aeration. Meanwhile, according to the concentration of dissolved oxygen, the rotational speed of the air blower is adjusted for the sake of saving energy. This control system has been realized by Schneider Premium TSX P57 PLC system and the results show that the system is stable and reliable.
Experimental Research of Spouted Particulate Electrodes on Removal of Copper Wastewater
Authors: Xu Xin Yang , Zhao Bing , Chen Xi , Lin Hong
Published: December 2013

In this research, heavy metal copper was chosen for this study, with its sulfate solution simulated wastewater, using spouted particulate electrodes to purify wastewater and recycle metal copper. Experimental studied the effects on different conditions of electrodeposition, such as pH, constant current, copper ion concentration, the size of the cathode particle and nitrogen sparging. The results showed the optimum conditions were that pH was 3.0, constant current was 10.0A, the size of cathode particle was 1.8mm and with nitrogen sparging. In particular, nitrogen sparging not only reduced dissolved oxygen in wastewater to prevent the metal back to solution, but also handled the problem of low current efficiency due to concentration polarization and electrochemical polarization.
Study on the Treatment of Nickel-Containing Wastewater by Spouted Bed Particulate Electro-Deposition
Authors: Xu Xin Yang , Lin Hong , Chen Xi , Zhao Bing
Published: December 2013

In order to achieve the goal of purifying the nickel-containing waste,use the Spouted bed particulate electro-deposition to treat it . Experimental studies show that the best condition is the concentration of nickel influence 1000mg/L, the current is 15A, pH 4.5, and particle size of 1.8mm under the condition of blowing nitrogen. The removal rate of nickel can reach 74.77%. Nitrogen can effectively reduce the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water and obtain a higher electro-deposition efficiency and current efficiency.
Countermeasures of Non-Point Source Pollution Prevention and Control in Wohushan Waterhead Area
Authors: Mao Li Hua , Han Xue Mei
Published: December 2013

Wohushan reservoir is an important drinking water source for south urban area of Jinan, however, the water quality of Wohushan reservoir is not safe, and agricultural non-point source pollution is the main reason that caused the water quality deteriorate. This paper analysed the sources of non-point source pollution through datum of population and agriculture production and other economic and social activities in Wohushan reservoir area. The water quality effect of domestic sewage, house refuse, live stock dung, and unreasonable use of fertilizer and pesticide were discussed as emphasis. Further more, the factors of the non-point source pollution were summarized according to policy, statute, economic, technology etc. At last, countermeasures of non-point source pollution prevention and control were proposed based on the source and pathway control of contaminates including perfect law system, strengthen policy guidance, increase funding, use fertilizer and pesticide reasonably, popularize biotechnology and methane tank, carry out efficient eco-agriculture construction, etc.
Treatment of Simulated Ballast Water Using Combined Photocatalysis and Ozonation Process
Authors: Wu Dong Hai , Zhang Ran , You Hong , Lu Guang Hua , Yan Zhen Hua , Lin Qiu Hong
Published: December 2013

The combined photocatalysis and ozonation (UV/Ag-TiO2+O3) process has been investigated for its potential use for ballast water treatment by usingDunaliella salina(D. salina) as an indicator microorganism. Inactivation curves were obtained, and the mechanism was studied. Compared to individual unit processes, the combined UV/Ag-TiO2+O3tests yield enhanced inactivation efficiency. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements showed that presence of O3during UV/Ag-TiO2exposure expedited the destruction of cell structure, which was further confirmed by the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decrease in chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration. The results suggest that UV/Ag-TiO2+O3was efficient for inactivation ofD. salinain simulated ballast water, and the accelerated destruction of cell structure was an important reason for the enhanced inactivation efficiency.
A Short Review of the Effect of Temperature on Soluble Microbial Products in the Membrane Bioreactor Systems
Authors: Ran De Qin , Lu Lin Guo
Published: December 2013

The membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems have been actively employed for municipal and industrial wastewater treatments. However, membrane fouling is one of the main obstacles that restrict MBR to wide application while soluble microbial products (SMP) are known as major foulants. The paper reviewed the effect of temperature on SMP in MBR systems. At the end, the future trends in the effect of temperature in the coming years were addressed. It will be conducive to further application of MBR in the future.
Effects of Hydraulic Loading Rate on Nutrient Removal in Multi-Stage Constructed Wetland
Authors: Chen Qing Feng , Dong Wen Guo , Ma Jun Jian , Li Qing , Gao Xin Guo , Ding Shi Gang , Zhang Jing
Published: December 2013

Hydraulic loading rate (HLR) is an important operational parameter for constructed wetland to purify wastewater. In this paper, it is the main objective to select the optimal parameter of HLR. During the four HLRs (i.e., 6 cm/d, 12 cm/d, 24 cm/d and 48 cm/d) operation period, six days were used as one stage. The experimental results showed that the best average removal rates of CODcr (59.7%) and NH3-N (89.4%) were at the HLR of 6 cm/d. In the meantime, the best average removal rate of total phosphorus (TP, 50.0%) was at the HLR of 24 cm/d. According to the low influent TP concentration, it is suggested that the HLR of 6 cm/d should be used in the multi-stage constructed wetland.
Study on the Technology of Shortcut Nitrification-Denitrification Simultaneous Phosphorus Removal
Authors: Niu Ming Fen , Yu Hai Jiao
Published: December 2013

Shortcut Nitrification-Denitrification Simultaneous Phosphorus Removal applying in sequencing batch reactor were achieved successfully by Changing the run mode of SBR and controlling the operating conditions. When the MLSS:4700mg/L, PH:7.5~8.0 and DO:0.3~0.5mg/L(Aerobic phase), the removal rate of TP was more than 98%, the nitrite accumulation rate was more than 85%. After the reaction period of Shortcut Nitrification-Denitrification simultaneous Phosphorus Removal, the concentration of NH4+-N was below 50mg/L and the concentration of TP was less than 0.5mg/L.
Research for Trans-Boundary Water Pollution Cooperation
Authors: Peng Pei , Zhang Jie
Published: December 2013

Based on Stakelberg framework,this paper dynamically described the Government's interests by differential game,then made a comprehensive analysis on the equilibrium of cooperation and noncooperation.At last,it holds that cooperation is an effective way to solve the problem of transboundary water pollution, in order to cooperate, central government should take some policies and measures for controlling trans-boundary water pollution .
Treatment of High Concentration Wastewater Containing Phenols and Aldehyde from a Small Phenolic Resin Plant
Authors: Pang Hui Cong , Fu Hai Yan , Gao Tai Zhong
Published: December 2013

Wastewater from Phenolic resin production contains high concentration of phenol and formaldehyde. A combining process consisting of secondary condensation, fenton oxidation, coal fly ash adsorption and sand filter was adopted in the treatment of wastewater from phenolic resin factories. The feasibility of the process was already demonstrated by its practical operation results. After treatment by this method, not only did the effulent water reach the first order of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB 8978-1996) and a certain amount of phenolic resin was also satisfactorily recovered.
Electrochemical Oxidation of 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol on Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5/PbO2 Anode for Waste Water Treatment
Authors: Xue Bin , Zhai Jing Han , Wang Jian Ya , Sun Jian , Hao Ning , Yang Jiao
Published: December 2013

The electrochemical oxidation of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol on Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5/PbO2electrode was studied by cyclic voltammetry in this paper. The electrochemical behaviour of the electrode in sodium sulfate solution and in the mixture solution of sodium sulfate and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol has been studied. The experimental results of cyclic voltammetry showed that acidic media was suitable for efficient electrochemical oxidation of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol. Some electro-generated reagent formed in the electrolysis process and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol could be oxidized by the electro-generated reagent. The Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5/PbO2electrode was used as the anode and the electrolysis experiment was carried out under the optimized conditions. The electrolysis process was monitored by UV-visible spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was determined by the potassium dichromate method. The mechanism of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol be oxided was studied primarily by the cyclic voltammetry and UV-visible spectrometry. The results of electrolysis experiment demonstrated the possibility that the electrode was used as an anode for electrochemical treatment of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol contained in the waste water.
Three-Dimensional Electrode Used for Wastewater Containing Cu2+ from PCB Factory
Authors: Wang Yu Ling , Sun Ying
Published: December 2013

To study the effects and optimal operating parameters of three-dimensional electrode electrolysis process for PCB wastewater containing Cu2+, the effects of electrolytic voltage, plate distance, material of plate, filling element and electrolyte were inspected to decide optimal experiment conditions. The experimental result showed that the optimal conditions were 3.0cm plate distance, steel ball as the filling material, 10V electrolytic voltage, and 45 min electrolytic time, and the removal rate of Cu2+ wastewater reaches 82.3%. The electricity costs were 1.11 yuan/m3.
Adsorption of Indoor Carbon Dioxide on Potassium Carbonate Supported on Zeolite
Authors: Jung Woo Sung , Cho Young Min , Park Duck Shin , Jung Hyun Seung
Published: December 2013

Carbon dioxide concentration of indoor spaces can be very high if there is not proper ventilation. High concentration of carbon dioxide is known to cause headache, sleepiness, languor, and lower concentration. Though ventilation is one of the easiest ways to control carbon dioxide concentration, it is not applicable when the outdoor air is polluted by various pollutants. In this study, carbon dioxide adsorbent using potassium carbonate was prepared, and its adsorption performance was extensively investigated. The repetitive use performance of this adsorbent was also studied by repeating adsorption-desorption cycle.
Analysis on Influencing Factors of Atmospheric Environmental Quality in Tianjin
Authors: Yang Yu Hong , Bao Jing Ling , Wen Juan , Li Ran , Yan Pei
Published: December 2013

As the atmospheric environment pollution becoming more and more serious, analyzing and improving the atmospheric environmental quality is an important work. According to the atmosphere environment quality monitoring data of Tianjin, by adopting the combination of principal component analysis and linear regression method, this paper analyzes the influencing factors of major air pollutants (SO2, NO2 and PM10) on atmospheric environmental quality.
Urban Vehicle Emissions Management under Uncertainty - A Traffic Planning Model with Interval-Parameter Programming
Authors: Zhang Hong Liang
Published: December 2013

In this study, an interval-parameter programming method has been used for urban vehicle emissions management under uncertainty. The model improves upon the existing optimization methods with advantages in uncertainty reflection, system costs and limitation of emission. Moreover, the model is applied to a case study of urban vehicle emissions management in a virtual city. The results indicate that the interval linear traffic planning model can effectively reduce the vehicles emission and provide strategies for authorities to deal with problems of transportation system.
Polyacrylamide Wastewater Treatment in a Nested Biofilm Airlift Suspension Reactor
Authors: Yu Zhong Chen , Ma Dong , Wang Song , Zhang Xue Jiao
Published: December 2013

Polyacrylamide has been widely used in tertiary oil recovery. Oilfield produced water in a large scale contain polyacrylamide, leading to oilfield environment pollution. In this paper, the nested loops biofilm airlift suspension reactor was used in polyacrylamide wastewater treatment. In the reactor, wastewater can alternately flow through the hypoxic environment fixed light carriers and aerobic environment suspended walnut shell biological carriers, achieving simultaneous removal of organic matter and nitrogen. The influencing factors on the organic compound degradation and denitrification performance were studied. Biological and hydrodynamic model of nitrogen and carbon removal was established. Also, the biological phase structure of the carrier biofilm was observed. The results show that polyacrylamide degradation and ammonia nitrogen removal rate are around 30% and 95%, respectively when the experimental hydraulic retention time is 24h. Due to poor denitrification efficiency; nitrate removal rate is only 20%. The carrier biofilm thickness is appropriate, and filamentous bacteria occupy the dominant position.
The Air Distribution and Transmission of Human Expiratory Droplet Aerosol in Indoor Environment: A Study Progress
Authors: Li Yan Ju , Jin Ming
Published: December 2013

The droplet aerosol generated by human expiratory (breath, cough, sneezing) is a major indoor biological pollutant and can lead to allergy, asthma, infectious disease and so on. The transmission of the droplet aerosol has a hugely influence on the health of occupants. This paper summarized the distribution and transmission of droplet aerosol generated by human expiratory, reviewed the factors which influenced the air transmission and the model of transmission of the investigated droplet aerosol. In addition, the current problem and future research about the human expiratory droplet aerosol in indoor environment were discussed in the paper.
Bioactivity and Chemical Compositions of Essential Oil Extracted from Illicium verum against Mosquitoes
Authors: Peng Ying Hui , Yu Kai , Lu Yu Duo , Liu Min , Jiang Li Juan
Published: December 2013

To find environment-friendly and low pest resistance natural mosquitocide, The insecticidal activity of the essential oil extracted from fructification ofIllicium verumagainstAedes albopictusandCulex pipiens quinquefasciatuswere investigated. The compositions of this oil was analyzed by GC-MS. The results are given as follows, The 24-h LC50values ofIllicium verumessential oil for I, II, III, IV-instar larvae and pupa ofAedes albopictus/Culex pipiens quinquefasciatuswere 4.93/2.04, 8.36/2.96, 11.88/8.42, 16.10/13.13 and 42.31/75.12 μg·mL-1, respectively. A total of 18 compounds identified fromIllicium verumoil, the major volatile components were trans-anethole with the peak area percentage of 94.8%, followed by 1-(3-methyl-2-butenoxy)-4- (1-propenyl) benzene (3.2%), estragole (0.4%), linalool (0.3%) and limonene (0.3%). The results indicates thatIllicium verumoil can be developed into a botanical mosquitocide.
Characterization of Water-Soluble Anions of PM2.5 Aerosols in Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone, China
Authors: Liu Qiong Yu , Jiang Jun Ting , Liu Rui Qi , Liu Jun Xia
Published: December 2013

The pollution characterizations of water-soluble anions of PM2.5(fine particle matter with aerodynamical diameter <2.5 m="" in="" wuhan="" economic="" and="" technological="" development="" zone="" china="" were="" studied="" during="" april="" 2013="" the="" concentration="" of="" pm="" sub="">2.5 and four kinds of water-soluble anions that consisted of fluoride (F-), chloride (Cl-), sulfate (SO42-), and nitrate (NO3-) were determined. The results indicated that the urban air quality in Wuhan was polluted by fine particle matter to some extent. During the monitoring period, there were 50% of the daily mean concentration of PM2.5exceeded the China second-class ambient air quality standards (75μgm-3). The concentrations of water-soluble anions in PM2.5followed the order of SO42-> NO3-> F-> Cl-. SO42-and NO3-were the dominant anions in Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone, and contributed more than 70% to the total measured water-soluble anions. The mean ratio of NO3-and SO42-in PM2.5was calculated to be 0.49, which indicated that coal combustion was the major source of PM2.5in Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone, China.
Research on the NOx Emission and Exhaust Gas Temperature Characteristics of City Bus under the City Driving Cycle
Authors: Wang Chang Yuan , Qin Kong Jian , Gao Jun Hua
Published: December 2013

Using portable emission measurement system, an experimental study on the NOx emission characteristics of city bus in practical operation are conducted, the eigenvalue of driving cycle are analyzed by short trip method. The results show that: idling time accounted for 20.392%, ratio of acceleration which between -0.5 m/s2 and 0.5 m/s2 accounted for as high as 83.314%.NOx emissions are greatly affected by the speed of vehicle: the instantaneous rate and total amount of NOx emission under high speed are much higher than low speed, the average urea injection under high speed is 3.5 times than low speed. When the vehicle speed is between 20-25km/h, the average emission rate of NOx is about 0.074g/s，while the time proportion of urea injection is under 40%;while the vehicle speed is above 55km/h, the average emission rate of NOx is about 0.025g/s，while the time proportion of urea injection can reach as high as 80%.
Treatment of Acidic Wastewater by Microwave Irradiation Fenton’s Reagent
Authors: Guan Xiao Tong , Yu Da Wei
Published: December 2013

Acidic wastewater was treated by microwave irradiation Fenton’s reagent, the effect factors: initial concentration of wastewater, dosage of H2O2, microwave irradiation time, microwave power and pH on Acidic wastewater were investigated. The optimal conditions of operation are determined as follows: microwave power is 480W, microwave irradiation time is 5min, H2O2 is 2.0mL and FeSO4 is 0.07g, pH=1. Under these conditions, the COD removal rate is 90.15% for 50mL Acidic wastewater（be diluted ten times）.The result of wastewater treated by microwave irradiation Fenton’s reagent is obvious, and without secondary pollution to environment.
Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide for Helianthine Removal
Authors: Wang Chu Bei
Published: December 2013

Reduced graphene oxide was synthesized by a facile method. Adsorption data indicated that reduced graphene oxide had high adsorption capacity. The adsorption kinetics was modeled by first-and second-order rates, as well as using the Elovich and the Weber and Morris models of intraparticle diffusion. The adsorption process follows second order rate.
Methyl Violet Degradation by Bamboo Charcoal/Microwave Method
Authors: Li Na , Li Guo De , Pan Wen Jie , Zhang Nan Nan , Liu Qi , Wu Shi Wei , Zhang Yang
Published: December 2013

In the paper methyl violet degradation by bamboo charcoal-microwave irradiation method was researched. The main parameters which were studied including the amount of bamboo charcoal, H2O2dosage, FeSO4·7H2O dosage and time of microwave irradiation were investigated. The UV-visible spectra of methyl violet were determined. The results show that: under bamboo charcoal, H2O2and FeSO4·7H2O microwave condition the degeneration rate of methyl violet was almost 100%. The increase of bamboo charcoal dosage can accelerate the reaction process, speeding up the degradation of methyl violet. The increase of H2O2may provide more ·OH and speed up the reaction process, but when up to a certain amount, the influence is weakened. The lengthening of microwave time may enhance the reaction temperature, and urge the methyl violet to degrade completely. For 0.2 g·L-1methyl violet 4:9 diluted, by adding 0.5g bamboo charcoal, 1 mL 36% H2O2, 1 mL FeSO4·7H2O of 1mol·L-1and under mesotherm microwave for 30s, the methyl violet can be all degradated.