bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring caregivers' perspectives on improving care for older people at the end of life in Thailand
Authors: Supaporn Kanyanat , Isaramalai Sang-arun , Suttharangsee Wandee
Published: July 2019

Background:

Older people in Thailand receive general medical and social care at the end of life, and many rarely access palliative services. In light of this, improving the quality of care for the ageing population relies on addressing the needs of family caregivers, who provide the majority of care in a home setting. Understanding caregivers' perspectives when caring for a friend or relative will help to improve the quality of care that they provide.

Aim:

To explore caregivers' perspectives on improving care for older people in Thailand in the palliative stage.

Methods:

A qualitative study using in-depth interviews and observation of 10 older people in the palliative stage and their caregivers was undertaken. Data were analysed using content analysis.

Findings:

Data analysis revealed three themes: caregivers cared to repay the older person's previous kindness, caregivers cared and changed their caregiving behaviour to minimise the older person's perception of being abandoned or being a burden, and to follow Thai ancestral traditions, so that the older person could die peacefully.

Conclusion:

This study provides specific instructions for those who provide care for older Thai people in the palliative stage. Finding ways to address caregivers' perspectives on improving care quality could enhance the experience of care recipients.
Sınıf Öğretmenleri ve Okul Yöneticilerinin İlkokul Programlarının Güncellenmesine İlişkin Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ALTUN Taner , BAŞTÜRK Aybüke , GÜLAY Ahmet
Published: July 2019

Bu araştırmada, sınıf öğretmenlerinin ve okul
yöneticilerinin ilkokul programlarının güncellenmesine ilişkin görüşlerinin
belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma nitel araştırma yaklaşımı çerçevesinde
tasarlanmış olup, araştırmada durum çalışması yöntemi işe koşulmuştur.
Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, amaçlı örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenen 10 sınıf
öğretmeni ve 5 okul yöneticisi oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri, yarı
yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler içerik
analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Araştırmanın bulguları; programların değiştirilme nedenlerine
ilişkin görüşler, programların güncellenme sürecine ilişkin eleştiriler, öğretim
programlarının tanıtımlarına ilişkin görüşler, öğretim programlarının
geliştirilmesine yönelik öneriler, programların değişme sıklığına ilişkin
görüşler ve 2017 öğretim programına ilişkin görüşler temaları altında değerlendirilmiştir.
Araştırma sonucunda hem sınıf öğretmenlerinin hem de okul yöneticilerinin
öğretim programlarının sıklıkla değiştiği ve bu durumun çağın ihtiyaçlarını
yakalama çabasından kaynaklandığı görüşünde oldukları belirlenmiştir. Araştırma
sonunda öğretim programlarının daha az sıklıkta, bir öncekinin çıktılarının
değerlendirilerek ve bütün eğitim paydaşlarının görüşlerinin alınarak
güncellenmesi önerilmiştir.
Increased incidence of distal humeral fracture surgery and decreased incidence of respective corrective osteotomy among Finns aged 0 to 18 years between 1987 and 2016: A population-based study
Authors: Salonen A. , Niemi S. T. , Kannus P. , Laitakari E. , Mattila V. M.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Previous studies on paediatric and adolescent distal humeral fractures have reported an increase in surgical treatment activity. This increase could be hypothesized to reduce the incidence of corrective osteotomies. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and trends of the primary surgical treatment of distal humeral fractures and corrective osteotomies in children and adolescents.

Methods

All Finns 18 years of age or younger who underwent treatment for distal humeral fracture between 1987 and 2016 were included in this population-based study. Surgical treatment data were obtained from the National Hospital Discharge Register of Finland. In calculating annual surgery incidence rates, the annual mid-year populations were obtained from the Official Statistics Finland. Surgical treatment was categorized into four groups; reposition and casting, osteosynthesis, external fixation and corrective osteotomy.

Results

During the 30-year study period, 9017 surgical procedures were performed in Finland with the primary or secondary diagnosis code being a distal humeral fracture. Of these, 6961 (77.2%) were osteosynthesis and the incidence of osteosynthesis (per 100 000 person-years) increased fourfold from 8.2 in 1987 to 34.1 in 2016. In the same 30-year study period, the total number of corrective osteotomies was low (151) with annual variation from one to 16. The incidence of corrective osteotomies (per 100 000 person-years) decreased sevenfold from 0.7 to 0.1.

Conclusion

The incidence of surgical treatment with osteosynthesis in distal humeral fractures increased fourfold in Finland between 1987 and 2016. During the same time period, the number of corrective osteotomies diminished significantly.

Level of Evidence

IV
Detection of lumpy skin disease virus in cattle using real-time polymerase chain reaction and serological diagnostic assays in different governorates in Egypt in 2017
Authors: Zeedan Gamil Sayed Gamil , Mahmoud Ayman Hamid , Abdalhamed Abeer Mostafa , Abd El-Razik Khaled Abd El-Hamid , Khafagi Manal Hamdy , Abou Zeina Hala Abdoula Ahmed
Published: July 2019

Background and Aim: Lumpy skin disease (LSD), is a highly infectious viral disease of cattle, caused by LSD virus (LSDV) which belongs to the genus Capripoxvirus of family Poxviridae. In the summer of 2017, skin lesions suggestive of LSD were observed in cattle at several governorates in Egypt. This study aimed to detect LSDV in cattle specimens using rapid serological and molecular diagnostic assays.

Materials and Methods: A total of 46 skin biopsies and uncoagulated blood samples were collected from cattle with LSD suggestive clinical signs, as well as 290 coagulated whole blood samples from cattle without skin lesion in different governorates in Egypt during the summer of 2017. Skin biopsies were used for virus isolation from the chorioallantoic membrane of 11-day-old specific pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs (SPF-ECEs). LSDV was identified using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and fluorescent antibody technique (FAT) with specific hyperimmune serum against LSDV. Cattle sera were examined using indirect FAT (IFAT) and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results: Skin nodules and sitfast lesions were significant clinical signs observed in all LSD suspect cattle. SPF-ECEs, from which positive isolations were made and it showed characteristic inflammatory and focal white pock lesions. The isolated viruses were identified as LSDV by FAT, conventional gel-based PCR, and RT-PCR. Among the skin biopsies and corresponding blood samples, LSDV-positive samples percentage were 39.13 and 36.95 by RT-PCR, followed 34.78 and 28.26 by conventional PCR and then 32.6 and 26.8 by FAT, respectively. The total positive percentage of LSDV antibody detected in cattle serum samples were 17.93 and 14.48 by indirect ELISA and IFAT.

Conclusion: LSDV was detected and identified in skin biopsies and corresponding blood samples of naturally infected cattle, more LSDV-positive samples were detected by RT-PCR, followed by conventional PCR and then FAT. The indirect ELISA detected more antibody-positive samples than the IFAT from cattle serum samples. The RT-PCR assay is simple, sensitive, rapid, and reliable for the detection of LSDV in blood and skin nodule biopsies of suspected cattle.
Comparing forwarder boom-control systems based on an automatically recorded follow-up dataset
Authors: Manner Jussi , Mörk Anders , Englund Martin
Published: July 2019

Crane work is the most time-consuming work element in forwarding. Hence, assist systems like boom-tip control are of interest. The first commercially available boom-tip control for forwarders was introduced in 2013. In this study we analysed whether replacing conventional boom control (CBC) with John Deereâs version of boom-tip control (named Intelligent Boom Control, IBC), increases crane-work productivity. We used data automatically gathered from 10 final-felling stands, covering typical logging conditions for southern, central and northern Sweden. Two John Deere 1510E and two John Deere 1910G forwarders were operated by seven experienced operators during the follow-up study, covering 1238 loads in total. A split-plot design was applied to isolate effects of the boom-control system being used (CBC, IBC). We found that using IBC for loading work (crane work and driving included) saved 5.2% of productive machine time compared to using CBC (pââ¤â0.05). The corresponding saving when using IBC for unloading work was 7.9% (pââ¤â0.05). Depending on geophysical factors, this corresponds to approximately 4% savings in productive machine time for forwarding as a whole, including pure transport (with and without load). Moreover, the study introduced in cut-to-length context a novel field-study design to collect a large follow-up dataset in the course of ordinary forwarding operations. We found the study design to be a cost-efficient way to combine the representativeness of conventional follow-up datasets with the ability to establish causal relationships. Establishment of causal relationships has traditionally been possible only through observational time studies or standardized experiments.
Asphyxia Caused by a Giant Fibrovascular Polyp of the Esophagus
Authors: Endara Santiago A. , Dávalos Gerardo A. , Yepez Ramiro J. , Luna Diego F. , Corral Fabián B. , Molina Gabriel A. , Cisneros W. Javier
Published: July 2019

Fibrovascular polyps (FVPs) are rare, benign tumors of the esophagus; they usually appear as an intraluminal mass within the esophagus, which can grow and reach enormous sizes if left untreated. They can cause a variety of symptoms, from mild dysphagia to life-threatening asphyxia. Diagnosis is challenging because FVPs can resemble any respiratory condition, which can lead to misdiagnosis and potentially dangerous therapies. We present a 47-year-old man who suffered from recurrent episodes of odynophagia. This time he suffered an incident of severe asphyxia and loss of consciousness. After complementary examinations, an FVP was detected and successfully treated.
Severe Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Biliary Stricture Managed With a Small-Caliber Cardiac Angioplasty Balloon: Looking Outside the Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Toolbox
Authors: Simons-Linares C. Roberto , O'Shea Robert , Chahal Prabhleen
Published: July 2019

Primary sclerosing cholangitis leads to biliary obstruction through a dominant biliary stricture. Endoscopic management of biliary strictures with balloon dilation is preferred over percutaneous radiological or surgical interventions. High-grade biliary strictures can be challenging to manage endoscopically because the traditional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography accessories fail to traverse these severely stenotic strictures. We describe a case of endoscopic management of a severe primary sclerosing cholangitis-related distal biliary stricture managed with a cardiac angioplasty balloon after failed attempts using the standard endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography accessories and percutaneous radiological intervention.
Increasing Economic Burden in Hospitalized Patients With Cirrhosis: Analysis of a National Database
Authors: Desai Archita P. , Mohan Prashanthinie , Nokes Brandon , Sheth Deekksha , Knapp Shannon , Boustani Malaz , Chalasani Naga , Fallon Michael B. , Calhoun Elizabeth A.
Published: July 2019

INTRODUCTION:

The prevalence of cirrhosis is increasing despite advances in therapeutics, and it remains an expensive medical condition. Studies examining the healthcare burden of inpatient cirrhosis-related care regardless of etiology, stage, or severity are lacking. This study aims to describe the current drivers of cost, length of stay (LOS), and mortality in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis.

METHODS:

Using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) data from 2008 to 2014, we categorized admissions into decompensated cirrhosis (DC), compensated cirrhosis (CC), and NIS without cirrhosis. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to analyze the association between patient characteristics, comorbidities, complications, and procedures with costs, LOS, and mortality in each group.

RESULTS:

The hospitalization costs for patients with cirrhosis increased 30.2% from 2008 to 2014 to $7.37 billion. Cirrhosis admissions increased by 36% and 24% in the DC and CC groups, respectively, compared with 7.7% decrease in the NIS without cirrhosis group. DC admissions contributed to 58.6% of total cirrhotic admissions by 2014. Procedures increased costs in both DC and CC groups by 15%–152%, with mechanical ventilation being associated with high cost increase and mortality increase. Complications are also key drivers of costs and LOS, with renal and infectious complications being associated with the highest increases in the DC group and infections and nonportal hypertensive gastrointestinal bleeding for the CC group.

DISCUSSION:

Economic burden of hospitalized patients with cirrhosis is increasing with more admissions and longer LOS in DC and CC groups. Important drivers include procedures and portal hypertensive and nonportal hypertensive complications.
Melacak Dampak Perubahan Iklim Terhadap Kondisi Makroekonomi dengan Teori Permainan Dinamis
Authors: Musthofa Muhammad Wakhid
Published: July 2019

Makalah ini membahas tentang model matematika dampak perubahan iklim terhadap kondisi makroekonomi suatu negara. Dengan mengacu pada model pertumbuhan ekonomi endogen pada suatu negara, dengan fungsi output berbentuk fungsi Cobb-Douglas akan diturunkan model matematika yang mendeskripsikan dampak perubahan iklim terhadap kondisi makroekonomi suatu negara. Selanjutnya, akan dikonstruksikan pula fungsi ongkos yang berhubungan dengan model matematika yang telah diturunkan. Mengingat model matematika tersebut masih dalam bentuk sistem persamaan nonlinear, maka diperlukan proses linearisasi untuk menghasilkan model matematika yang linear sehingga memudahkan untuk dianalisis maupun diaplikasikan.

[This paper discusses the mathematical model of the impact of climate change on the macroeconomic conditions of a country. By referring to an endogenous economic growth model in a country, with the output function in the form of a Cobb-Douglas function, a mathematical model will be described that describes the effects of climate change on the macroeconomic conditions of a country. Furthermore, it will also construct cost functions related to mathematical models that have been derived. Considering that the mathematical model is still in the form of a nonlinear equation system, a linearisation process is needed to produce a linear mathematical model that makes it easy to analyze and apply.]
Value of NSE and S100 Protein of Kawasaki Disease with aseptic meningitis in Infant
Authors: Wang Jiangtao , Chen Shouhang , Wang Xiaoling , Gu Huiru , Liu Junli , Wang Xiaohong , Liu Liang
Published: July 2019

The cerebrospinal fluid content was examined for concentrations of S100 protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in two diseases, Kawasaki disease (KD) with aseptic meningitis (1-3 months) and purulent meningitis (PM), to determine whether or not these measuremets could be used in early diagnosis. The content of cerebrospinal fluid S100 protein of KD with aseptic meningitis and PM were significantly higher than those in the control group. There was also a difference between KD and purulent meningitis (PM). The concentration of NSE was highest in the encephalitis group, which was statistically different from control group. However, there was no difference between the KD and control groups. The levels of S100 protein and NSE of KD with aseptic meningitis were lower than those in PM, indicating that the extent of neuronal damage is significantly lower than of the enchephalitis group. The area under the curve (AUCs) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for S100 and NSE were both 0.972. The S100 threshold was 0.4315, the sensitivity was 92.1%, and the specificity was 100%, while the NSE threshold was 9.325, sensitivity 92.1%, and specificity 90%. The combined detection of NSE and S100 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid can be used for the differential diagnosis of KD with aseptic meningitis and purulent meningitis.
Endometriosis Pathoetiology and Pathophysiology: Roles of Vitamin A, Estrogen, Immunity, Adipocytes, Gut Microbiome and Melatonergic Pathway on Mitochondria Regulation
Authors: Anderson George
Published: July 2019

Endometriosis is a common, often painful, condition that has significant implications for a woman’s fertility. Classically, endometriosis has been conceptualized as a local estrogen-mediated uterine condition driven by retrograde menstruation. However, recent work suggests that endometriosis may be a systemic condition modulated, if not driven, by prenatal processes. Although a diverse array of factors have been associated with endometriosis pathophysiology, recent data indicate that the low body mass index and decreased adipogenesis may be indicative of an early developmental etiology with alterations in metabolic function crucial to endometriosis pathoetiology.

The present article reviews the data on the pathoetiology and pathophysiology of endometriosis, suggesting key roles for alterations in mitochondria functioning across a number of cell types and body systems, including the immune system and gut microbiome. These changes are importantly regulated by decreases in vitamin A and its retinoic acid metabolites as well as increases in mitochondria estrogen receptor-beta and the N-acetylserotonin/melatonin ratio across development. This has treatment and future research implications for this still poorly managed condition, as well as for the association of endometriosis with a number of cancers.
Global diversity and geography of planktonic marine fungi
Authors: Hassett Brandon T. , Vonnahme Tobias R. , Peng Xuefeng , Jones E.B. Gareth , Heuzé Céline
Published: July 2019

Growing interest in understanding the relevance of marine fungi to food webs, biogeochemical cycling, and biological patterns necessitates establishing a context for interpreting future findings. To help establish this context, we summarize the diversity of cultured and observed marine planktonic fungi from across the world. While exploring this diversity, we discovered that only half of the known marine fungal species have a publicly available DNA locus, which we hypothesize will likely hinder accurate high-throughput sequencing classification in the future, as it does currently. Still, we reprocessed >600 high-throughput datasets and analyzed 4.9 × 109 sequences (4.8 × 109 shotgun metagenomic reads and 1.0 × 108 amplicon sequences) and found that every fungal phylum is represented in the global marine planktonic mycobiome; however, this mycobiome is generally predominated by three phyla: the Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Chytridiomycota. We hypothesize that these three clades are the most abundant due to a combination of evolutionary histories, as well as physical processes that aid in their dispersal. We found that environments with atypical salinity regimes (>5 standard deviations from the global mean: Red Sea, Baltic Sea, sea ice) hosted higher proportions of the Chytridiomycota, relative to open oceans that are dominated by Dikarya. The Baltic Sea and Mediterranean Sea had the highest fungal richness of all areas explored. An analysis of similarity identified significant differences between oceanographic regions. There were no latitudinal gradients of marine fungal richness and diversity observed. As more high-throughput sequencing data become available, expanding the collection of reference loci and genomes will be essential to understanding the ecology of marine fungi.
Implementation of Improved Ship-Iceberg Classifier Using Deep Learning
Authors: Rane Ankita , Sangili Vadivel
Published: July 2019

The application of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for ship and iceberg monitoring is important to carry out marine activities safely. The task of differentiating the two target classes, i.e. ship and iceberg, presents a challenge for operational scenarios. The dataset comprising SAR images of ship and iceberg poses a major challenge, as we are provided with a small number of labeled samples in the training set compared to a large number of unlabeled test samples. This paper proposes a semisupervised learning approach known as pseudolabeling to deal with the insufficient amount of training data. By adopting this approach, we make use of both labeled data (supervised learning) and unlabeled data (unsupervised learning) to build a robust convolutional neural network model that results in a superior binary classification performance of the proposed method.
Effect of bisphenol-A (BPA) on placental biomarkers for inflammation, neurodevelopment and oxidative stress
Authors: Arita Yuko , Park Hyeon Jeong , Cantillon Aisling , Getahun Darios , Menon Ramkumar , Peltier Morgan R.
Published: July 2019

Background

Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a widespread pollutant whose effects on pregnant women are poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the effects of BPA on basal and bacteria-stimulated production of proinflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-6], anti-inflammatory mediators [soluble glycoprotein 130 (sgp) 130, heme oxidase-1 (HO-1) and IL-10] and biomarkers for neurodevelopment [brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)], and oxidative stress [8-isoprostane (8-IsoP)] by the placenta.

Methods

Placental explant cultures were treated with BPA (0–10,000 nM) in the presence or absence of 107 colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL heat-killed Escherichia coli for 24 h. Biomarker concentrations in conditioned medium were quantified by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results

Under basal conditions, IL-1β and IL-6 production was enhanced by BPA in a dose-dependent manner. Sgp130, a soluble receptor that reduces IL-6 bioactivity, was suppressed by BPA at 1000–10,000 nM. BPA also enhanced BDNF production at 1000 and 10,000 nM, and 8-IsoP expression at 10 and 100 nM. For bacteria-treated cultures, BPA increased IL-6 production at 100 nM and reduced sgp130 at 1000 nM but had no effect on IL-1β, TNF-α, BDNF, HO-1, 8-IsoP or IL-10 production.

Conclusion

BPA may increase placental inflammation by promoting IL-1β and IL-6 but inhibiting sgp130. It may also disrupt oxidative balance and neurodevelopment by increasing 8-IsoP and BDNF production.
Crystal structure of 4-ethylpiperazine-1-carbothioic dithioperoxyanhydride, C14H26N4S4
Authors: Ayom Gwaza E. , Khan Malik D. , Zamisa Sizwe J. , Revaprasadu Neerish
Published: July 2019

C14H26N4S4, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 16.9951(10) Å, b = 11.4397(7) Å, c = 9.7678(6) Å, β = 103.913(1)°, V = 1843.33(19) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0200, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0553, T = 100(2) K.
Genome-wide identification, phylogeny and expression analysis of G6PC gene family in common carp, Cyprinus carpio
Authors: Liu Sijia , Tian Fei , Zhang Cunfang , Qiao Zhigang , Zhao Kai
Published: July 2019

Objective

The Glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) catalytic subunit (G6PC) catalyzes glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) to inorganic phosphate and glucose, playing a critical role in endogenous energy supply. Here, the G6PC gene family was investigated and characterized in common carp (Cyprinus carpio).

Methods

Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis were performed using MEGA5. The HMM profiles, motif structure were analyzed using Pfam and MEME, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to test the expression profiles.

Results

Four assumptive members of G6PC family in common carp whole-genome sequence were identified as cg6pca.1, cg6pca.2a, cg6pca.2b and cg6pcb which were classified into g6pca and g6pcb subtypes, respectively. Evolutionary analysis revealed that cg6pca.2a and cg6pca.2b have a closer evolutionary relationship, and the same subtype members have higher homology among different species. A classical PAP2-glucose phosphates domain is found in four genes and were highly conserved. The expression patterns revealed that only cg6pca.2a elevated significantly after 12 and 24 h of both starvation and cold treatment (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

This study performed a comprehensive analysis of G6PC gene family in common carp. Moreover, cg6pca.2 may be the major functional gene in cold and fasting stress. And the transfactors, PLAG1 and Sox8, may be concerned with expression regulation of cg6pca.2.
Effects of a 4-Week Neuromuscular Training Program on Movement Competency During the Back-Squat Assessment in Pre– and Post–Peak Height Velocity Male Athletes
Authors: Dobbs Ian J. , Oliver Jon L. , Wong Megan A. , Moore Isabel S. , Myer Gregory D. , Lloyd Rhodri S.
Published: July 2019

Dobbs, IJ, Oliver, JL, Wong, MA, Moore, IS, Myer, GD, and Lloyd, RS. Effects of a 4-week neuromuscular training program on movement competency during the back-squat assessment in pre– and post–peak height velocity male athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(10): 2698–2705, 2021—The back-squat assessment (BSA) is a novel movement screen to detect functional deficits; however, its sensitivity to detect meaningful changes in movement competency after exposure to short-term neuromuscular training remains unclear. Twenty-six pre– and 22 post–peak height velocity (PHV) males were divided into experimental (EXP) and control groups (CON) and performed the BSA before and after a twice weekly, 4-week neuromuscular training intervention. Intra-rater reliability was determined by rating both EXP group's baseline BSA on 3 separate sessions. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) revealed very strong agreement for BSA total score in pre-PHV (ICC ≥ 0.81) and post-PHV (ICC ≥ 0.97) groups across all sessions, but systematic bias was evident in the pre-PHV group for sessions 1–2. Analysis of kappa values for BSA individual criteria showed greater variability for pre-PHV (K ≥ 0.31) than post-PHV (K ≥ 0.62) across sessions. At baseline, there were no differences in total score between the EXP and CON cohorts (p > 0.05). There were significant within-group improvements in total score for the EXP pre-PHV (5.0 to 3.0, effect size [ES] = 0.68) and post-PHV (2.0 to 1.0, ES = 0.82) cohorts, with no changes in total score for either CON groups (p > 0.05). Hip position was the criterion with the greatest improvement for both the EXP pre-PHV (12.0 to 7.0) and post-PHV (7.0 to 0.0) groups. The BSA seems to be a reliable screening tool for measuring movement competency in youth male athletes and was sensitive to adaptations in movement competency after neuromuscular training.
Determining the Corticospinal Responses to Single Bouts of Skill and Strength Training
Authors: Mason Joel , Frazer Ashlyn K. , Jaberzadeh Shapour , Ahtiainen Juha P. , Avela Janne , Rantalainen Timo , Leung Michael , Kidgell Dawson J.
Published: July 2019

Mason, J, Frazer, AK, Jaberzadeh, S, Ahtiainen, JP, Avela, J, Rantalainen, T, Leung, M, and Kidgell, DJ. Determining the corticospinal responses to single bouts of skill and strength training. J Strength Cond Res 33(9): 2299–2307, 2019—Neuroplastic changes in the primary motor cortex accompany performance improvements following motor practice. Recent evidence suggests that the corticospinal responses to strength and skill training are similar, following both a single session and repeated bouts of training, promoting discussion that strength training is a form of motor learning. However, these findings are limited by the lack of a light-load strength training group. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to determine whether a single session of heavy-load strength training, light-load strength training or skill training differentially modulates the corticospinal pathway. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to assess the excitatory and inhibitory circuitry of the motor cortex following a single session of skill training, and following a single session of light-load and heavy-load strength training. Following a single session of training, participants in all groups experienced comparable increases in corticospinal excitability (ranging from 38 to 46%, all p < 0.05); however, disparity was observed in the inhibitory responses. Corticospinal inhibition was reduced in all 3 single-sessions, although to a greater magnitude in the heavy-load and skill-training sessions (22 and 18% respectively, compared with 11% following light-load training, all p < 0.05). Short-interval intracortical inhibition was reduced immediately following single sessions of heavy-load strength training (40% p < 0.05) and skill training (47% p < 0.05), but remained unchanged the following light-load strength training session. It appears that the corticospinal responses to single sessions of different types of strength and skill training are task-dependent. These findings reinforce the notion that strength training, at least when heavily-loaded, can be considered a form of motor learning, potentially because of the sensory feedback involved.
Effects of Citrulline Malate and Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Blood Flow, Energy Metabolism, and Performance During Maximum Effort Leg Extension Exercise
Authors: Trexler Eric T. , Keith Dale S. , Schwartz Todd A. , Ryan Eric D. , Stoner Lee , Persky Adam M. , Smith-Ryan Abbie E.
Published: July 2019

Trexler, ET, Keith, DS, Schwartz, TA, Ryan, ED, Stoner, L, Persky, AM, and Smith-Ryan, AE. Effects of citrulline malate and beetroot juice supplementation on blood flow, energy metabolism, and performance during maximum effort leg extension exercise. J Strength Cond Res 33(9): 2321–2329, 2019—Citrulline malate (CitMal) and beetroot juice (BEET) are increasingly popular ergogenic aids, but few studies have rigorously investigated their effects on resistance exercise performance and underlying mechanisms. The current randomized, double-blind, crossover study evaluated the effects of CitMal and BEET supplementation on blood flow, metabolic efficiency, and performance during maximal isokinetic leg extension exercise. After familiarization, 27 recreationally active men (age: 22 ± 4 years) completed 3 visits in which subjects ingested a treatment beverage (CitMal [8 g], BEET [400-mg nitrate], or placebo [PLA]), followed by a 2-hour rest period, warm-up, and 5 sets of 30 concentric leg extensions. Before and after exercise, ultrasound was used to measure diameter (aDIAM) and blood flow (aBF) of the superficial femoral artery, along with cross-sectional area and echo intensity of the vastus lateralis. Plasma analytes (lactate, nitrate/nitrite [NOx], and urea nitrogen [BUN]) were also assessed at these times, and indirect calorimetry was used to measure energy expenditure and respiratory exchange ratio before and during exercise. Resting NOx values were higher in BEET (233.2 ± 1.1 μmol·L−1) compared with CitMal (15.3 ± 1.1, p < 0.0001) and PLA (13.4 ± 1.1, p < 0.0001). Postexercise NOx values, adjusted for resting differences, were higher in BEET (86.3 ± 1.2 μmol·L−1) than CitMal (21.3 ± 1.1, p < 0.0001) and PLA (18.1 ± 1.1, p < 0.0001). No other variables were affected by treatment (all p > 0.05). While BEET increased NOx, neither treatment was found to enhance performance, blood flow, metabolic efficiency, nor the hormonal response to leg extension exercise.
Validity of discharge ICD-10 codes in detecting the etiologies of endogenous Cushing’s syndrome
Authors: Zhou Jingya , Zhang Meng , Lu Lin , Guo Xiaopeng , Gao Lu , Yan Weigang , Pang Haiyu , Wang Yi , Xing Bing
Published: July 2019

Objective

To investigate the validity of discharge ICD-10 codes in detecting the etiology of endogenous Cushing’s syndrome (CS) in hospitalized patients.

Methods

We evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of CS etiology-related ICD-10 codes or code combinations by comparing hospital discharge administrative data (DAD) with established diagnoses from medical records.

Results

Coding for patients with adrenocortical adenoma (ACA) and those with bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (BMAH) demonstrated disappointingly low sensitivity at 78.8% (95% CI: 70.1–85.6%) and 83.9% (95% CI: 65.5–93.9%), respectively. BMAH had the lowest PPV of 74.3% (95% CI: 56.4–86.9%). In confirmed ACA patients, the sensitivity for ACA code combinations was higher in patients initially admitted to the Department of Endocrinology before surgery than that in patients directly admitted to the Department of Urology (90.0 vs 73.1%, P = 0.033). The same phenomenon was observed in the PPV for the BMAH code (100.0 vs 60.9%, P = 0.012). Misinterpreted or confusing situations caused by coders (68.1%) and by the omission or denormalized documentation of symptomatic diagnosis by clinicians (26.1%) accounted for the main source of coding errors.

Conclusions

Hospital DAD is an effective data source for evaluating the etiology of CS but not ACA and BMAH. Improving surgeons’ documentation, especially in the delineation of symptomatic and locative diagnoses in discharge abstracts; department- or disease-specific training for coders and more multidisciplinary collaboration are ways to enhance the applicability of administrative data for CS etiologies.
Anterior pituitary function in critical illness
Authors: Téblick Arno , Langouche Lies , Van den Berghe Greet
Published: July 2019

Critical illness is hallmarked by major changes in all hypothalamic–pituitary–peripheral hormonal axes. Extensive animal and human studies have identified a biphasic pattern in circulating pituitary and peripheral hormone levels throughout critical illness by analogy with the fasting state. In the acute phase of critical illness, following a deleterious event, rapid neuroendocrine changes try to direct the human body toward a catabolic state to ensure provision of elementary energy sources, whereas costly anabolic processes are postponed. Thanks to new technologies and improvements in critical care, the majority of patients survive the acute insult and recover within a week. However, an important part of patients admitted to the ICU fail to recover sufficiently, and a prolonged phase of critical illness sets in. This prolonged phase of critical illness is characterized by a uniform suppression of the hypothalamic–pituitary–peripheral hormonal axes. Whereas the alterations in hormonal levels during the first hours and days after the onset of critical illness are evolutionary selected and are likely beneficial for survival, endocrine changes in prolonged critically ill patients could be harmful and may hamper recovery. Most studies investigating the substitution of peripheral hormones or strategies to overcome resistance to anabolic stimuli failed to show benefit for morbidity and mortality. Research on treatment with selected and combined hypothalamic hormones has shown promising results. Well-controlled RCTs to corroborate these findings are needed.
Toward Value Based Health Care in pituitary surgery: application of a comprehensive outcome set in perioperative care
Authors: Lobatto Daniel J , Zamanipoor Najafabadi Amir H , de Vries Friso , Andela Cornelie D , van den Hout Wilbert B , Pereira Alberto M , Peul Wilco C , Vliet Vlieland Thea P M , van Furth Wouter R , Biermasz Nienke R
Published: July 2019

Objective

Although widely advocated, applying Value Based Health Care (VBHC) in clinical practice is challenging. This study describes VBHC-based perioperative outcomes for patients with pituitary tumors up to 6 months postoperatively.

Methods

A total of 103 adult patients undergoing surgery were prospectively followed. Outcomes categorized according to the framework of VHBC included survival, degree of resection, endocrine remission, visual outcome (including self-perceived functioning), recovery of pituitary function, disease burden and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at 6 months (Tier 1); time to recovery of disease burden, HRQoL, visual function (Tier 2); permanent hypopituitarism and accompanying hormone replacement (Tier 3). Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) analysis was performed to describe outcomes over time.

Results

Regarding Tier 1, there was no mortality, 72 patients (70%) had a complete resection, 31 of 45 patients (69%) with functioning tumors were in remission, 7 (12%, with preoperative deficits) had recovery of pituitary function and 45 of 47 (96%) had visual improvement. Disease burden and HRQoL improved in 36–45% at 6 months; however, there were significant differences between tumor types. Regarding Tier 2: disease burden, HRQoL and visual functioning improved within 6 weeks after surgery; however, recovery varied widely among tumor types (fastest in prolactinoma and non-functioning adenoma patients). Regarding Tier 3, 52 patients (50%) had persisting (tumor and treatment-induced) hypopituitarism.

Conclusions

Though challenging, outcomes of a surgical intervention for patients with pituitary tumors can be reflected through a VBHC-based comprehensive outcome set that can distinguish outcomes among different patient groups with respect to tumor type.
Tiempo de espera y calidad de atención en pacientes de odontoestomatología intervenidos en sala de operaciones
Authors: Gutierrez Alejandro , Mendoza Pedro
Published: July 2019

Introducción. Los tiempos de espera para cirugía electiva son indicadores que legitiman socialmente los servicios sanitarios públicos, si su situación es la adecuada. Objetivo. Determinar la relación entre el tiempo de espera y la percepción de la calidad de atención, en pacientes de odontoestomatologia de un hospital de la seguridad social. Métodos. Los niveles de satisfacción e insatisfacción se determinaron por medio del instrumento SERVQUAL modificado. Los resultados se correlacionaron con el tiempo de espera superior a 180 días y con la afectación de la calidad de vida; además, se evaluaron los factores con mayor influencia sobre el grado de insatisfacción. Resultados. El grado de satisfacción fue del 44%. Los pacientes que esperaron más de 180 días presentaron 2,6 veces más posibilidad de insatisfacción, los pacientes afectados presentaron 3,4 veces más posibilidad de insatisfacción. Finalmente, los pacientes afectados presentaron 3,3 más posibilidad de insatisfacción, en relación con que esperaron más de 180 días, los cuales presentaron 2.5 más posibilidad de insatisfacción. Conclusión: Existe relación inversa entre el tiempo de espera y la percepción de la calidad de atención; además, el grado de insatisfacción está asociado, sobre todo, a la afectación de la calidad de vida más que al propio tiempo de espera.
Complicaciones quirúrgicas y posquirúrgicas en la exodoncia de terceros molares inferiores: estudio retrospectivo
Authors: Restrepo Rendon Luisa Fernanda , Meneses Tamayo Felipe , Vivares Builes Anny Marcela
Published: July 2019

Introducción: el tercer molar es el último diente en erupcionar en la secuencia de la dentición permanente, el cual concluye el proceso de formación en edades comprendidas entre los 16 a los 25 años. En ocasiones la vía de erupción de estos puede presentar alteraciones en su posición, ocasionando discrepancias y patologías al paciente. Objetivo: establecer las complicaciones quirúrgicas y posquirúrgicas más frecuentes y su relación con la posición radiográfica en terceros molares mandibulares en pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente en una Clínica Universitaria de la ciudad de Medellín, durante el periodo junio de 2016 a junio de 2017. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de análisis retrospectivo, donde se evaluaron 206 historias clínicas de pacientes atendidos en el servicio de cirugía oral para procedimientos de exodoncias quirúrgicas de terceros molares inferiores. Resultados: en términos de las complicaciones no se presentaron hemorragias intraoperatorias. Las complicaciones intraoperatorias reportadas hacen referencia a instrumentos rotatorios fracturados 0,5% (n= 1) y laceración de tejidos blandos durante la cirugía 0,5% (n= 1). Para las complicaciones posquirúrgicas se encontraron hemorragia y dehiscencia de la herida 0,5% (n= 1), edema 0,5% (n= 1) e injurias al tejido blando en la zona quirúrgica 0,5% (n= 1). Los demás pacientes no reportaron ninguna complicación quirúrgica o posquirúrgica. Conclusiones: las complicaciones quirúrgicas y posquirúrgicas tienen una prevalencia baja en la institución universitaria. No se encontró relación directa en cuanto a una variable específica con algún tipo de complicación.
Validez y confiabilidad de un instrumento para medir percepción de atención humanizada en odontología
Authors: López Rodríguez Catalina , Gomez García Ana Carolina
Published: July 2019

Introducción: existen instrumentos como la escala PCHE “Percepción de cuidado humanizado en enfermería” en sus diferentes versiones que miden la percepción de comportamiento humanizado, sin embargo, en odontología no se han encontrado instrumentos como este. Objetivo: evaluar la validez y confiabilidad del instrumento “PCHE 3ª versión” para su uso en odontología. Materiales y métodos: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, que realizó pruebas psicométricas al instrumento PCHE 3ª versión. Se realizaron mediciones de validez y confiabilidad a través de la evaluación de la consistencia interna. Se contó con la participación de 259 pacientes con tratamiento odontológico perteneciente a tres sedes de una institución odontológica, por medio de la aplicación de una encuesta individual que constaba de 32 preguntas cerradas y su autorización previa por medio del consentimiento informado. Resultados: se obtuvo un índice de aceptabilidad de 0,93 y un índice de validez de contenido de 0,89 por el panel de expertos. En el análisis factorial, se obtuvo la prueba de Kaiser- Meyer- Olkin (KMO) de 0,829 y una prueba de Bartlett de 0,0. Estos indicadores permitieron calcular las cargas factoriales y así determinar el constructo del instrumento que logró definir uno ajustado al contexto de odontología, conservando sus categorías, con un alfa de Cronbach de 0,892. Conclusiones: el instrumento “PCHE 3ª versión ajustada” es válido y confiable para su aplicación en el ámbito odontológico. De los pacientes pertenecientes a la institución que participaron en la aplicación del instrumento, el 87,6% consideraron que siempre existe una atención humanizada por parte del personal de odontología.
Effectiveness of a training program for the nursing staff on the oral health of institutionalised aged. Randomised trial.
Authors: Marín Zuluaga Dairo Javier , Gil Montoya José Antonio , Willumsen Tiril
Published: July 2019

Background: it has been suggested that nursing-staff’ should be educated in maintaining the oral health (OH) of institutionalised elder people. Objective: this work aimed for measuring the effectiveness of a 3-hour oral health training-programme (OHTP) provided to nursing-staff by assessing the residents’ OH gains. Materials and methods: this was a one-year longitudinal-controlled-interventional study evaluated via a nursing-staff’ questionnaire and residents’ oral examinations. Managers of 30 nursing homes in Granada, Spain, were contacted and offered three oral examinations for their residents and an OHTP for the nursing-staff; nine of them consequently agreed to participate for all consenting people. 269 residents were examined at baseline and 12 months. After the baseline examination, the nursing homes were randomised into an intervention or control group; the OHTP was then carried out on the intervention group. Results: the residents’ denture hygiene (p=0.03) and wearing of dentures at night (p=0.003) improved significantly in the intervention group; caries prevalence increased in both groups. Conclusions: the OHTP was effective for improving caregivers’ knowledge and OH care routines, but the improvements were not enough to improve residents’ overall OH.
Characterization of Enamel After the Use of Oral Hygiene Auxiliaries with Whiteners
Authors: Zavala-Alonso DDS, MSc, PhD Norma Verónica , Ramírez-González DDS, MSc Jorge Humberto , Ramírez-Vergara DDS Mariana , Roque-Márquez DDS, MSc José Gilberto , Silva-Herzog DDS, MSc, PhD Flores Daniel
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the use of the combined auxiliaries of oral hygiene with whitening agents on the micro-hardness and micro-morphology of dental enamel. Materials and Methods. 40 human incisors were used and sectioned to obtain 4x4mm samples and divided into four study groups. Group 1: Electric brushing with Toothpaste (BTP); Group 2: Electric brushing with Toothpaste+mouthwash (BTP+MW); Group 3: Electric brushing with Toothpaste+whitening pen (BTP+WP); Group 4: Electric brushing with Toothpaste+mouth wash+whitening pen (BTP+MW+WP). Samples were submitted toVickers micro-hardness test and visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results. All groups, with the exception of group 1, showed a decrease in micro-hardness values after applying the treatments (p<0.05). Likewise, when comparing the values after the treatments between the groups, significant statistical differences were found in all of comparisons except for those of groups 2 and 4. SEM images showed changes in the morphology in all the study groups with the exception of group 1. Conclusion. Significant changes such as decrease in micro-hardness as well as in the topography of the enamel surface such as elevations, craters, porosities and etching patterns were founded after the use of the combination of auxiliaries of oral hygiene with whitening agents.
Pergerakan Wacana Konflik Sunni-Syi’ah di Balik Prahara Suriah: Analisis Teori BREAK Media Massa Suriah dan Indonesia
Authors: Reflinaldi Reflinaldi
Published: July 2019

Artikel ini membahas tentang pergerakan dua wacana yang beredar didua tempat berbeda mengenai konflik Sunni-Syi’ah dalammenyebabkan prahara Suriah. Wacana primer yang menjadi objekpenelitian adalah media massa Suriah, sedangkan wacana primeradalah media massa Indonesia. Kajian dengan menggunakan pisauanalisis teori BREAK dilakukan guna memperjelas esensi dan spiritmasing-masing wacana dalam memberitakan konflik Sunni-Syi’ah dibalik prahara Suriah. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan, diperolehkesimpulan bahwa tipe pergerakan kedua wacana adalah konvergenkonvergen.Wacana primer memiliki esensi penegasan mengenaikecilnya eksistensi konflik Sunni-Syi’ah dalam menyebabkan konflikSuriah dan spirit membangkitkan semangat persatuan antargolongankeagamaan dalam negeri Suriah. Berseberangan dengan hal tersebut,wacana sekunder memiliki esensi penegasan mengenai besarnyaeksistensi konflik Sunni-Syi’ah dalam menyebabkan konflik Suriahdan spirit membangkitkan isu SARA yang dapat menyulut konflikantargolongan di Indonesia.
Berita Penutupan Perbatasan Bagi Pengungsi Suriah (Analisis Wacana Kritis)
Authors: Ilyas Erizal , Revando Mathias , Prianty Lilik , Salihin Abdus
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini membahas wacana pemberitaan pembukaan perbatasanYordania-Israel untuk pengungsi suriah, yang terdapat pada duawacana berita yaitu Syiria News dan Enab Baladi. Permasalahan yangditeliti adalah wacana pemberitaan pembukaan perbatasan jalananYordania-Israel untuk pengungsi suriah dengan menggunakan teoriAnalisis Wacana Kritis Van Dijk. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitiandeskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dimensi tekswacana memiliki kecenderungan yang berbeda. Syria Newsberpretensi menampilkan citra buruk Yordania dan Israel, sementaraEnab Baladi berpretensi meminimalisir sisi negatif kedua negaratersebut. Dimensi kognisi sosial menunjukkan bahwa pretensi tersebutdipengaruhi oleh pengaruh kekuasaan di balik media, di mana SyriaNews dipengaruhi oleh pemerintahm, dan Enab Baladi dipengaruhioleh oposisi. Konteks soial menunjukkan bahwa adanya situasiYordania dan Israel mengkhawatirkan terorisme, dalam hal ini ISIS.