bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards Citizenship In ThāmilīLam: Sri Lanka’S Tamil People Of The North, 1983–2010
Authors: Roberts Michael
Published: March 2013

In establishing the de facto state of Thāmilīlam from 1990 onwards, the LTTE eliminated most of its Tamil rivals and mobilised the Tamil people for war in demanding ways. Despite its fascist character the Tiger state received the support of its subjects because it was understood to be a bulwark against Sinhala domination and the repository of sturdy Tamil nationalism, while the LTTE’s propaganda cultivated a devotional aura around its māvīrar (heroic dead).

This article highlights the strength of Tamil nationalism by interweaving this dimension within empirical details that outline Tamil political shifts and processes of migration from the 1970s to the 2000s. The centre of gravity in Tamil politics shifted first in the 1970s from a Colombo–Jaffna axis to a Jaffna-centric one and then from the Jaffna Peninsula to the Kilinochchi–Mullaitivu locality in 1995–96. The second spatial shift underpins the argument that the people under the LTTE were citizens of Thāmilīlam. In technical terms they were dual citizens because they were also citizens of Sri Lanka. Where the latter claim was pressed—as it was, from different perspectives, by both the government of Sri Lanka and human rights advocates—one encountered a hegemonic imposition that denied the subjective feelings of those living within the de facto LTTE state. They were citizens of Thāmilīlam. As such, they were enemies of Sri Lanka.
The Kuki–Naga Conflict In The Light Of Recent Publications
Authors: Haokip Thongkholal
Published: March 2013

This brief article critically reviews various recent essays and publications on the Kuki–Naga conflict of the 1990s. The conflict has resulted in uprooting hundreds of villages, with the loss of more than a thousand lives, destruction of valuable properties and internal displacement. While British colonial policies of governance in Northeast India and the rise of ethnic nationalism among Kukis and Nagas in the post-independence period have been identified as major root causes of the Kuki–Naga conflict, the literature remains inconclusive and this article argues that today competing claims and perceived threats regarding land and territory appear to be the major cause of continuing tensions.
Salmonella enterica Causes More Severe Inflammatory Disease in C57/BL6 Nramp1G169Mice Than Sv129S6 Mice
Authors: Brown D. E. , Libby S. J. , Moreland S. M. , McCoy M. W. , Brabb T. , Stepanek A. , Fang F. C. , Detweiler C. S.
Published: March 2013

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ( S. Typhimurium) causes systemic inflammatory disease in mice by colonizing cells of the mononuclear leukocyte lineage. Mouse strains resistant to S. Typhimurium, including Sv129S6, have an intact Nramp1 ( Slc11a1) allele and survive acute infection, whereas C57/BL6 mice, homozygous for a mutant Nramp1 allele, Nramp1G169D, develop lethal infections. Restoration of Nramp1 (C57/BL6 Nramp1G169) reestablishes resistance to S. Typhimurium; mice survive at least 3 to 4 weeks postinfection. Since many transgenic mouse strains are on a C57/BL6 genetic background, C57/BL6 Nramp1G169 mice provide a model to examine host genetic determinants of resistance to infection. To further evaluate host immune response to S. Typhimurium, we performed comparative analyses of Sv129S6 and C57/BL6 Nramp1G169 mice 3 weeks following oral S. Typhimurium infection. C57/BL6 Nramp1G169mice developed more severe inflammatory disease with splenic bacterial counts 1000-fold higher than Sv129S6 mice and relatively greater splenomegaly and blood neutrophil and monocyte counts. Infected C57/BL6 Nramp1G169 mice developed higher proinflammatory serum cytokine and chemokine responses (interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor–α, interleukin [IL]–1β, and IL-2 and monocyte chemotactic protein–1 and chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 1, respectively) and marked decreases in anti-inflammatory serum cytokine concentrations (IL-10, IL-4) compared with Sv129S6 mice postinfection. Splenic dendritic cells and macrophages in infected compared with control mice increased to a greater extent in C57/BL6 Nramp1G169mice than in Sv129S6 mice. Overall, data show that despite the Nramp1 gene present in both strains, C57/BL6 Nramp1G169mice develop more severe, Th1-skewed, acute inflammatory responses to S. Typhimurium infection compared with Sv129S6 mice. Both strains are suitable model systems for studying inflammation in the context of adaptive immunity.
Another turn after ANT: An interview with Bruno Latour
Authors: Tresch John
Published: March 2013

This is a review, or preview, in the form of an interview, of Bruno Latour’s forthcoming book, An Inquiry into Modes of Existence. We discuss his intellectual trajectory leading up to actor–network theory and the pluralistic philosophy underlying his new, ‘positive’ anthropology of modernity.
Hip Arthroscopic Surgery
Authors: Lynch T. Sean , Terry Michael A. , Bedi Asheesh , Kelly Bryan T.
Published: March 2013

Arthroscopic surgery in the hip joint has historically lagged behind its counterparts in the shoulder and knee. However, the management of hip injuries in the athletic population has rapidly evolved over the past decade with our improved understanding of mechanical hip pathology as well as the marked improvement in imaging modalities and arthroscopic techniques. Current indications for hip arthroscopic surgery may include symptomatic labral tears, femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), hip capsular laxity/instability, chondral lesions, disorders of the peritrochanteric or deep gluteal space, septic joint, loose bodies, and ligamentum teres injuries. Furthermore, hip arthroscopic surgery is developing an increasingly important role as an adjunct diagnostic and therapeutic tool in conjunction with open femoral and/or periacetabular osteotomy for complex hip deformities.

Arthroscopic techniques have evolved to allow for effective and comprehensive treatment of various hip deformities. Techniques for extensile arthroscopic capsulotomies have allowed for improved central and peripheral compartment exposure and access for labral takedown, refixation, treatment of chondral injury, and osteochondroplasty of the femoral head-neck junction and acetabular rim. While favorable short-term and midterm clinical outcomes have been reported after arthroscopic treatment of prearthritic hip lesions, greater long-term follow-up is necessary to assess the efficacy of hip arthroscopic surgery in altering the natural history and progressive degenerative changes associated with FAI.
Cerebellar Mutism Caused by Primary Varicella Infection in an Immunocompetent Child
Authors: Erol Ilknur , Özkale Yasemin , Saygi Semra , Alehan Füsun
Published: March 2013

Varicella (chickenpox) is a common childhood infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which is often self-limiting and usually benign. Although uncommon, neurologic complications of varicella have been documented that include postinfectious cerebellar ataxia, meningoencephalitis, Reye syndrome, myelitis, optic neuritis, stroke, Guillain-Barré syndrome, seventh cranial nerve palsy, and Ramsay-Hunt syndrome. In this case study, the authors describe a 7-year-old girl who presented with varicella skin rash with unsteady gait and anarthria on day 2, and her condition was attributed to cerebellar mutism. To date, this complication has never been reported in a child with primary varicella infection. Therefore, this case study documents a rare but serious complication of childhood chickenpox.
Parenteral Nutrition Prescribing Pattern
Authors: Turpin Robin S. , Liu Frank Xiaoqing , Prinz Matt , Macahilig Cynthia , Malinoski Frank
Published: March 2013

Background: In 2005, the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism released guidelines for the use of pediatric parenteral nutrition (PN). The purpose of this study was to compare PN prescribing patterns in preterm infants with current guideline recommendations. Materials and Methods: Six neonatologists in Germany conducted observational, retrospective medical chart reviews on preterm infants <28 days postnatal, hospitalized from October 2009 to April 2011. Infants with a complete medical record who received PN for a minimum of 4 days were enrolled. Patient weight and the change in daily amino acids and intravenous fat emulsion (IVFE) doses administered for the first 7 days of life were abstracted. Median data were used to determine quartiles to compare study results with the current guidelines. Results: Only 30% of patients met current guidelines that recommend all preterm infants receive amino acids on the first day of life. When amino acids were given, the dose was lower than recommended in the current guidelines. The start of IVFE by day 3 of life was given only to 34% of patients despite the guideline recommendation of 100%. Conclusion: This study identified several gaps between the current guidelines and patient care that should be explored further.
Properties of single electrospun poly (diol citrate)-collagen-proteoglycan nanofibers for arterial repair and in applications requiring viscoelasticity
Authors: Liu Jie , Argenta Louis , Morykwas Michael , Wagner William D
Published: March 2013

Single nanofibers with chemical and functional properties consistent with artery extracellular matrix nanofibers were produced by electrospinning. Using weight ratios to mimic artery extracellular matrix, five materials were tested: (1) Collagen type I, (2) Collagen type I + Collagen type III, (3) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate), (4) Collagen type I + Collagen type III + poly (diol citrate), and (5) Collagen type I + poly (diol citrate) + Decorin + Aggrecan. Fiber sizes for all materials ranged from 50 nm to 600 nm and random fiber mats had pore sizes from 21 to 40 = m2 and porosities of 72–84%. Human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells fibroblasts adhered to all fibers and proliferated over a 7-day study period. Mechanical properties of single fibers were investigated using a combined atomic force/optical microscope. Materials containing poly (diol citrate) showed elasticity increased 3.2 fold greater than composites without poly (diol citrate). Maximum stress was within functional range in comparison to decellularized artery extracellular matrix fibers. By incorporating poly (diol citrate) and proteoglycan along with collagen, a viscoelastic nanofibrous material was produced for use in tissues such as artery where viscoelasticity and tensile strength are required.
Effect of field shaper geometry on the Lorentz force for electromagnetic sheet impact forming process
Authors: Chu Yu-Yi , Lee Rong-Shean
Published: March 2013

This article proposes a novel separable field shaper design for electromagnetic sheet impact forming. The efficiency of the field shaper under different geometric parameters was evaluated through a combination of the Taguchi method and three-dimensional coupled simulation. The deviation in impact velocity between the experiment and the simulation was under 3%. The results indicate that the slit feature determines the performance of the field shaper. Wider slits reduce the energy loss resulting from electromagnetic repulsion. In addition, with more field shaper components, the generated magnetic pressure will be distributed more evenly. Based on the analysis result of the nonsymmetric edge effect, some guidelines for designing the field shaper are proposed.
Relationship of PGC-1α Gene Polymorphism With Insulin Resistance Syndrome in Korean Children
Authors: Ha Chang-Duk , Cho Jin-Kyung , Han Taekyung , Lee Shin-Ho , Kang Hyun-Sik
Published: March 2013

This study aimed to investigate the associations between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) gene Gly482Ser polymorphism (rs8192678) and parameters of insulin resistance in a sample of Korean children. A total of 286 children aged 10 to 12 years old were recruited from local elementary schools. Measured variables included body fat, blood pressures, blood lipids, glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and accelerometer-based physical activity (PA). Significant differences in percentage body fat ( P = .016), insulin ( P = .013), and HOMA-IR ( P = .007) were found according to Gly482Ser genotype, with no significant genotype differences in the other measured variables. The genotype-specific differences in insulin ( P = .136) and HOMA-IR ( P = .067) were significantly attenuated when adjusted for age, sex, Tanner stage, body fat, and PA. The findings of the study suggest that the genetic effects of the PGC-1α genotypes on parameters of insulin resistance might be modulated by lifestyle factors, including PA and body fatness.
Sizing Up the Individual Market for Health Insurance
Authors: Abraham Jean M. , Karaca-Mandic Pinar , Boudreaux Michel
Published: March 2013

Provisions within the Affordable Care Act, including the introduction of subsidized, Exchange-based coverage for lower income Americans lacking access to employer coverage, are expected to greatly expand the size and importance of the individual market. Using multiple federal surveys and administrative data from the National Association of Insurance Commissioners, we generate national-, regional-, and state-level estimates of the individual market. In 2009, the number of nonelderly persons with individual coverage ranged from 9.55 million in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to 25.3 million in the American Community Survey. Notable differences also exist between survey estimates and National Association of Insurance Commissioners administrative counts, an outcome likely driven by variation in the type and measurement of individual coverage considered by surveys relative to administrative data. Future research evaluating the impact of the Affordable Care Act coverage provisions must be mindful of differences across surveys and administrative sources as it relates to the measurement of individual market coverage.
Genetic combination of angiotensin-converting enzyme with methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Bahrain
Authors: Al-Harbi Einas M , Farid Eman M , Gumaa Khalid A , Darwish Abdulla H , Alenizi Mohammad , Singh Jaipaul
Published: March 2013

Introduction:

Bahrain has a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Previously, Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism was found to be associated with T2DM in Bahrainis. The relationship between the disease progression in Bahraini T2DM population and the genetic polymorphism of methylene-tetrahydrofolate-reductase (MTHFR) C677T is still under investigation.

Aim:

The current study investigated the distribution of MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism among Bahraini T2DM patients and examined the interaction between ACE I/D and MTHFR C677T polymorphisms on the risk of developing T2DM and its long-term complications.

Materials and methods:

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were used to test for the presence of ACE I/D and MTHFR C677T polymorphisms in 171 patients with T2DM compared to 188 healthy (non-diabetic) age-matched control subjects from Bahrain.

Results:

The incidence of the DD genotype and D allele of the ACE gene was high among Bahraini T2DM patients. MTHFR allele and genotype frequencies did not differ between patients and controls. No significant relationship was identified between the combinations of ACE I/D and MTHFR C677T polymorphisms with T2DM.

Conclusions:

The results clearly showed an association of the ACE I/D polymorphism with the progression of T2DM, but when it interacts with MTHFR polymorphism no influence was detected on the increased risk of T2DM.
CCTV and crime displacement: A quasi-experimental evaluation
Authors: Cerezo Ana
Published: March 2013

The installation of CCTV cameras in the historic centre of Malaga in March 2007 was the main crime prevention initiative implemented in the city during the past few years. This was one of the first multi-camera CCTV installations on streets in Spain, which is why a proper evaluation of its effectiveness is so important for the future use of such cameras. Using a quasi-experimental design with a pre/post test, we collected data from interviews with CCTV operators, police officers and local authority officials and from surveys of pedestrians and shopkeepers. The team also examined police crime data and CCTV incident data. In this paper we will discuss the results in terms of the following three hypotheses relating to crime reduction, displacement and public security: (a) the use of cameras reduces the levels of crime, whether property crime (robberies and burglaries), crimes against people or both; (b) some of those crimes are displaced to nearby areas within or close to the city centre where there is no camera coverage but where there are similar opportunities to commit crimes; and (c) people claim to feel safer in the city centre after dark after the cameras were introduced.
Lessons Learned From Field-Testing a Brief Behavioral Intervention Package for African American Women at Risk for HIV/STDs
Authors: Jones Patricia L. , Baker Jillian L. , Gelaude Deborah , King Winifred , Jemmott Loretta
Published: March 2013

This article describes how Sister to Sister, an evidence-based HIV/STD intervention for African American women in clinical settings, was prepared for national dissemination using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Replicating Effective Programs research translation process. To test the feasibility of the intervention in the “real world,” Sister to Sister’s original research team collaborated with community partners to field-test the intervention in three clinical settings. Experiences from field-testing and input from a community advisory board were used to translate research protocols into a package of user-friendly materials that could be easily adopted by frontline clinic staff throughout the nation. Process monitoring and evaluation data demonstrated that Sister to Sister could be implemented successfully by a variety of practitioners including nurses, health educators, and HIV test counselors. “Buy-in” from clinic administrators and providers was a prerequisite to the success of the intervention. Replicating Effective Programs provided a useful process that can be applied by others to successfully prepare evidence-based interventions such as Sister to Sister for national dissemination.
Calcific Myonecrosis of the Leg Treated by Debridement and Limited Access Dressing
Authors: Sreenivas T. , Nandish Kumar K. C. , Menon Jagdish , Nataraj A. R.
Published: March 2013

Calcific myonecrosis is a rare late complication of limb trauma characterized by liquefaction and dystrophic calcification of muscles in the single compartment, usually in the leg. This occurs many years after the trauma and is probably due to chronic compartment syndrome. We report 2 cases of calcific myonecrosis involving the anterior compartment of the leg that presented to us in an advanced stage of multiple sinuses discharging calcific material. Incision and drainage had been attempted at a local hospital prior to presentation at our hospital resulting in a non healing wound. Both patients had a history of antecedent trauma to the leg a few years ago. Patients were treated by thorough debridement of the involved muscles in the anterior compartment. Limited access dressing (LAD) was used to manage the dead space left after debridement. After application of the LAD, the wound was covered with split skin grafting. In both patients, healing of the cavity following debridement was facilitated by application of limited access dressing. While the wound completely healed, the disability due to extensive debridement of anterior compartment of the leg persisted. At the latest follow-up, the patients were asymptomatic without any recurrence. Thorough debridement of the compartment involved and application of LAD may be another option of treating calcific myonecrosis of the leg, which was initially considered a “do not touch” lesion. Morbidity due to surgery and need of repeated surgeries for recurrences should be kept in mind and regular follow-up should be considered.
Skeletal Tuberculosis Following Proximal Tibia Fracture
Authors: Meena Sanjay , Rastogi Devarshi , Barwar Nilesh , Morey Vivek , Goyal Navneet
Published: March 2013

Over the past several years, there has been a rise in incidence of tuberculosis in both developing and developed countries. Tuberculosis complicating a fracture is uncommon. In this article, we report the case of a 10-year-old patient with a proximal tibia fracture who developed discharging wound over the fracture site after 2 weeks of initial trauma. The fracture was showing no signs of healing. A diagnosis of tuberculosis of proximal tibia was made on the basis of polymerase chain reaction and histology. After antituberculous treatment was started, the sinus healed and the fracture united. To the best of our knowledge, such a presentation has not been documented.
Autopia’s End
Authors: Ryan Brent D. , Campo Daniel
Published: March 2013

Since the 1980s, Detroit’s historic building stock of automotive manufacturing facilities has mostly disappeared. Demolition, redevelopment, and abandonment have left little to mark the city’s twentieth-century history as the world capital of the automobile industry. Planning and policy making have been complicit by publicly subsidizing destructive redevelopment and by failing to advocate for retention or preservation of significant structures and complexes. Even today, Detroit’s leadership calls for the demolition of one of the city’s last remaining historic auto factories. This article surveys the disappearance of Detroit’s auto factories and documents the histories of three of the largest complexes: the Chrysler-Chalmers Plant, cleared for a redeveloped factory; the Cadillac Plant, cleared for a failed economic development project; and the Packard Plant, slowly abandoned over sixty years. The article calls for a revised theory and practice of preservation that accommodates the weak markets, imperfect conditions, and informal uses that characterize abandoned industrial buildings in shrinking cities.
Community-acquired pneumonia: identification and evaluation of nonresponders
Authors: Gonçalves-Pereira João , Conceição Catarina , Póvoa Pedro
Published: March 2013

Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a relevant public health problem, constituting an important cause of morbidity and mortality. It accounts for a significant number of adult hospital admissions and a large number of those patients ultimately die, especially the population who needed mechanical ventilation or vasopressor support.

Thus, early identification of CAP patients and its rapid and appropriate treatment are important features with impact on hospital resource consumption and overall mortality. Although CAP diagnosis may sometimes be straightforward, the diagnostic criteria commonly used are highly sensitive but largely unspecific. Biomarkers and microbiological documentation may be useful but have important limitations.

Evaluation of clinical response is also critical especially to identify patients who fail to respond to initial treatment since these patients have a high risk of in-hospital death. However, the criteria of definition of non-response in CAP are largely empirical and frequently markedly diverse between different studies. In this review, we aim to identify criteria defining nonresponse in CAP and the pitfalls associated with this diagnosis. We also aim to overview the main causes of treatment failure especially in severe CAP and the possible strategies to identify and reassess non-responders trying to change the dismal prognosis associated with this condition.
The host immune response to Clostridium difficile infection
Authors: Solomon Katie
Published: March 2013

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the most common infectious cause of healthcare-acquired diarrhoea. Outcomes of C. difficile colonization are varied, from asymptomatic carriage to fulminant colitis and death, due in part to the interplay between the pathogenic virulence factors of the bacterium and the counteractive immune responses of the host.

Secreted toxins A and B are the major virulence factors of C. difficile and induce a profound inflammatory response by intoxicating intestinal epithelial cells causing proinflammatory cytokine release. Host cell necrosis, vascular permeability and neutrophil infiltration lead to an elevated white cell count, profuse diarrhoea and in severe cases, dehydration, hypoalbuminaemia and toxic megacolon. Other bacterial virulence factors, including surface layer proteins and flagella proteins, are detected by host cell surface signal molecules that trigger downstream cell-mediated immune pathways.

Human studies have identified a role for serum and faecal immunoglobulin levels in protection from disease, but the recent development of a mouse model of CDI has enabled studies into the precise molecular interactions that trigger the immune response during infection. Key effector molecules have been identified that can drive towards a protective anti-inflammatory response or a damaging proinflammatory response.

The limitations of current antimicrobial therapies for CDI have led to the development of both active and passive immunotherapies, none of which have, as yet been formally approved for CDI. However, recent advances in our understanding of the molecular basis of host immune protection against CDI may provide an exciting opportunity for novel therapeutic developments in the future.
Consumer Tendency to Regret: Validation of a Measurement Scale
Authors: Delacroix Eva , Jourdan Philippe
Published: March 2013

This article documents the development and validation of a six-item Consumer Tendency to Regret (CTR) measurement scale. CTR is conceptualized as a situational personality trait in Mowen's 3M hierarchical personality model, and is defined as the propensity of consumers to experience regret following a decision to purchase or not to purchase a product or service. We carried out a qualitative study ( n = 35) based on the critical incident method and eight data sets ( n = 3.257), and produced a valid and reliable two-dimensional measurement scale, useful both for practitioners of direct marketing and advertisers.
Market Orientation: Synthesis and New Theoretical Directions
Authors: Gotteland David , Haon Christophe , Gauthier Caroline
Published: March 2013

The research devoted to market orientation has multiplied since the seminal works of Kohli and Jaworski (1990) and of Narver and Slater (1990). These were primarily structured around the question of the relation between market orientation and organizational performance, which was largely resolved with the publication of three meta-analyses (Rodriguez Cano, Carrillat and Jaramillo, 2004; Kirca, Jayachandran and Bearden, 2005; Ellis, 2006). Two questions remain under-explored: that of the definition of the concept, and that of its implementation. In relation to the first topic, this article proposes integrating existing approaches to market orientation, currently few in number. As well as providing a more complete definition and a better structuring of the concept, this approach leads to a better understanding of its links with organizational performance. In terms of the second topic, the article offers an assessment of the existing methods, as a basis for future directions of research.
Decision Making within Groups of Friends: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Decrop Alain , Pecheux Claude , Bauvin Géraldine
Published: March 2013

This paper presents an exploratory interpretive study of decision making within groups of friends. First, characteristics that make groups of friends unique as a decision making unit are highlighted. Next, four major steps in the decision process are identified and discussed, i.e., suggestion, discussion and evaluation of alternatives, distribution of tasks and roles, and post-experience evaluation. The paper also explores potential conflicts and methods of resolving them.
Dynamic Modeling of Web Purchase Behavior and E-Mailing Impact by Petri Net
Authors: Balagué Christine , Lee Janghyuk
Published: March 2013

This article introduces Petri nets to model the dynamics of Web site visits and purchases in wish list systems. The basic model performs better than a classic negative binomial regression model. It is also extended to measure the impact of e-mailing intervals on the number of connections and purchases.
Consumer Resistance: Proposal for an Integrative Framework
Authors: Roux Dominique
Published: March 2013

Consumer resistance has received significant attention in marketing recently. The diversity of approaches and the absence of a theoretical framework call for a conceptual synthesis that this article aims to achieve.

After defining the concept of resistance and outlining the ongoing orientations on this topic, the article emphasizes the status of the construct and the limitations of this field of research. An integrative framework then introduces the antecedents, the factors of influence and the consequences of consumer resistance, which open up a number of avenues for future research in consumer behavior.
Temperament: Measurement and Impact on Consumer Behavior
Authors: Capelli Sonia , Helme-Guizon Agnès
Published: March 2013

This article translates from Polish a measurement tool of temperament (Strelau and Zadawzki, 1993) and validates it in a French context. Through comparisons with personality traits, it explores its impact on certain purchasing behaviors. The article demonstrates the link between energetic (temporal) traits and purchasing behaviors that require great efforts (long-lasting efforts), although personality is linked either not at all or only slightly to these behaviors.
Franchising Networks Survival: An Approach through Population Ecology and Survival Analysis
Authors: Perrigot Rozenn
Published: March 2013

The survival of franchising networks is explored in this article through the lens of population ecology, using survival analysis. Based on a study of 912 franchising networks operating in France at any time during the period 1992–2002, and involving 4,337 observations, it concludes that only one third of the networks survived over ten years. Survival chances were increased for networks having both company-owned and franchised units, having a large number of units, originating from the country under study, and existing in foreign countries.
The Influence of Presentation on the Memorization of Prices by Primary School Children
Authors: Damay Coralie
Published: March 2013

This paper shows, on the basis of an experiment, how concepts of numerical cognition help understand price memorization by children as consumers. We analyzed the influence of two presentations, based respectively on associative memorization and on the number line, on various forms of price memorization, while controlling for individual differences in buying behavior. We show that recall and recognition are facilitated by a presentation based on the associative memorization, whereas knowledge of the relative position is supported by the number line format.
The Impact of Brand Name Substitution on Product Evaluation and Purchase Intention
Authors: Collange Véronique
Published: March 2013

The aim of this article is to understand the impact of a brand name substitution on the evaluation and purchase intention of the product. To achieve this, we present various types of brand name substitutions. Then, drawing on work relating to brand extension and co-branding, we propose variables that are likely to explain the evolution of the evaluation and purchase intention of the product whose brand name has changed. The empirical study demonstrates that five variables influence the evolution of the evaluation and purchase intention of the product under a different brand name: (1) the similarity between the substitution brand and the initial brand, (2) the fit between the substitution brand and the product, (3) the difference in awareness of the two brands, (4) the difference in image of the two brands and (5) consumer attachment to the initial brand.
Adolescents: Involvement in Product Categories and Attitude toward Brands
Authors: Derbaix Christian , Leheut Émerence
Published: March 2013

The study of adolescents as consumers has been under researched in the marketing literature. The authors first describe the specificities and importance of these consumers and stress the lack of consensus on some of their characteristics. They then focus on two constructs: attitude toward the brand and enduring involvement in categories of products and services. Finally, the authors present the development of two relevant measurement scales specially adapted to research on adolescents as consumers. Surveys involving 1,397 adolescents were conducted based on seven data collections for attitude toward the brand and five data collections for enduring involvement. The results were analyzed to produce two valid and reliable measurement scales which can be used to improve our understanding of the behavior of adolescents as consumers. Managerial implications are also drawn by the authors.
The Place-Object Interaction as a Conceptualization of Lived Experience: Test of an Integrative Model
Authors: Mencarelli Rémi
Published: March 2013

This article proposes to reconsider the concept of lived experience by the consumer which is the object of a normative vision in marketing. Thanks to the concept of value, we seek to improve the conceptualization of the experience by defining it as a place-object interaction. We conduct an empirical analysis on the field of live shows to compare rival modelings of lived experience. The results show the importance of the place of consumption as the framework of lived experience and confirm an indirect influence of the place on total perceived value. Finally, they allow a validation of different tools used in this model.
Consumers' Perception of the Creativity of Advertisements: Development of a Valid Measurement Scale
Authors: Mercanti-Guérin Maria
Published: March 2013

The aim of this article is to assess creativity in advertising. While creativity is currently measured by advertising professionals, our measure focuses on consumers' judgments of the creativity of advertisements (perceived creativity). In Study 1, in-depth interviews were conducted to explore consumers' implicit theories of creativity in advertising. In Study 2, a scale was developed to measure perceived advertising creativity. Advertisements seen as creative by the consumer include three dimensions: novelty, complexity and aesthetics. Novelty is the association of stimuli both unexpected and relevant to the advertisement. Complexity is associated with an advertisement rich in multiple meanings. The aesthetics dimension relates to design specific to creative advertising. Our research provides a better understanding of consumers' perception of creativity, and offers the opportunity for practitioners to improve the creativity of their campaigns.
The Price Matching Guarantee: The Effect of the Refund Size and the Moderator Role of the Retailer Price Strategy
Authors: Borges Adilson
Published: March 2013

This research builds on the signal theory to predict that an EDLP (Every Day Low Price) strategy will influence a consumer's perception of a low-price guarantee. The results of a study show that an EDLP retailer may offer a high refund because this will produce high credibility. However, a high refund offered without an EDLP will lead to lower credibility which, in turn, reduces the value and the consumer's buying intention.
Trans-Generational Equity: The Transmission of Consumption Practices between Mother and Daughter
Authors: Ladwein Richard , Carton Antoine , Sevin Élodie
Published: March 2013

This paper addresses the intergenerational transmission of consumption practices within the family. We explore such transmission across time. In particular, we study the transmission of practices between mother and adult daughter, concentrating solely on the reception of these practices on the part of the daughter. Results from qualitative methodology based on interviews with 44 women, and further supported by 42 personal narratives, reveal that a number of consumption practices are in fact transmitted by the mother and appropriated by the daughter. This transmission and appropriation together constitute what we call “trans-generational equity”, equity which is subsequently integrated by the “owner” over her entire lifetime. From a theoretical viewpoint, this “trans-generational equity” is a component of cultural capital and brand equity. The managerial implications of this research have a strong impact on strategies of the development of customer loyalty as well as on the approach of the notion of brand.
Attitude toward Environmentally Friendly Hospitality Management: A Measurement Scale
Authors: Robinot Elisabeth , Giannelloni Jean-Luc
Published: March 2013

People wish to make sense of their consumption and are increasingly environmentally conscious. In this context, a scale aiming at measuring attitude toward environmental protection in the provision of services is proposed. A list of items pertaining to “green” actions that service providers may undertake was elicited through a literature review and a series of focus groups. Its structure was explored and validated on three samples. A three-faceted scale emerged: actions in the vicinity of the premises, actions inside the premises, and communication on the actions actually undertaken. The scale shows good construct validity.
The Influence of the Product Package on Functional and Symbolic Associations of Brand Image
Authors: Pantin-Sohier Gaëlle
Published: March 2013

This article examines the influence of the product package (color and shape) on some functional (brand belief) and symbolic associations (brand personality) of the brand image. Hypotheses are tested in an experiment that results in an empirical validation of the role of the package in the brand image enhancement process.
Music and Responses to Advertising: The Effects of Musical Characteristics, Likeability and Congruency
Authors: Galan Jean-Philippe
Published: March 2013

This paper reports an experiment designed to investigate effects of music on responses to advertising. First, this study compares the impact of musical elements (tempo and style) with two subjective variables (musical likeability and congruency). Second, affective influence (likeability) and cognitive influence (congruency) of music are discussed. The empirical findings reported provide evidence that subjective variables are more influential than musical structure. Moreover, the results suggest that music can act simultaneously in affective and cognitive ways. In this situation, the type of involvement (affective or cognitive) is shown as moderating the relative strength of the impact of musical likeability and congruency on advertising responses.
Determinants of a Retailer's Choice of International Expansion Mode: Conceptual Model and Empirical Validation
Authors: Picot-Coupey Karine
Published: March 2013

Many retail companies are currently developing their store networks beyond their domestic market. Each operation abroad requires choosing an internationalization mode. The aim of this research consists in analyzing the determinants of retail store networks' choice of an international expansion mode. A conceptual model of the determinants suggested in the literature is developed on the basis of results of previous research and enhanced by the analysis of eleven interviews with top retail managers. Based upon the results of a study involving 43 top international managers of French fashion retail networks, the model is tested using the PLS approach. This research provides evidence which highlights the explanatory influence of the chain's international marketing policy, the strategic and capitalistic profile and the perceived attractiveness of the foreign market through the three dimensions of an international expansion mode: dissemination risk, control over decisions and resource commitment. The moderating influence of the international involvement of top managers and that of relationship networks are also highlighted.
Discovering the Dark Side of Service Relationships… or Why Long-lasting and Exclusive Relationships are Self-destructing
Authors: N'Goala Gilles
Published: March 2013

This article deals with the respective roles of the two facets of relationship commitment (affective and calculative) and interpersonal trust (reliability and benevolence) in building a relational exchange of different types of customer (mono- vs. multi-loyal, longstanding vs. new). The study, conducted in retail banking (N = 1,999), shows that: 1) calculative commitment, which grows over time, prevents relational exchange; 2) in the long term, customer trust generally has a decreasing role while affective commitment becomes critical in the relational exchange; 3) contact persons' benevolence encourages — via a reciprocal effect — higher customer benevolence, especially when their vulnerability is high; 4) inversely, contact persons' reliability generates contrast effects and sways monogamous customers toward negative intentions. Implications for customer relationship management (longstanding/new, mono/multi) are highlighted.
For a Better Use of Special Treatment: An Individual Approach
Authors: Butori Raphaëlle
Published: March 2013

Although increasingly used by firms, special treatment is tricky to use because it can both please and embarrass consumers. Its efficient use requires the adoption of an individual approach. In one qualitative study and six quantitative studies (Ntotal = 1304), the author defines the need for special treatment concept, identifies its underlying psychological foundations: the need for distinction, the need for play and the need for utility, builds a measurement scale for the construct, and assesses its validity and its reliability.
Consumer Risk-Taking Experience: The Role of Positive Anticipated Emotions
Authors: Ayadi Nawel
Published: March 2013

This study deals with consumer risk-taking experience through anticipated positive emotions. An online quasi-experiment was conducted on two service categories considered as risky: financial investments and extreme sports. The results show a strong moderation of service category within the relationship between salient perceived risk and emotions which are the unique antecedents of purchase intention.
The Generational Confusion? Identity Issues Caused by Clothes-sharing between Mothers and Their Teenage Daughters
Authors: Decoopman Isabelle , Gentina Élodie , Fosse-Gomez Marie-Hélène
Published: March 2013

Common purchases and clothes exchange practices between a mother and her teenage daughter can display many patterns with different forms and shifting intensities. A typology based on the degree of femininity a mother assigns to her teenage daughter and to herself underlines subtle differences between these purchasing/consumption behaviors. An interpretive approach depicted two underlining mechanisms: the social comparison and the interpersonal influence. Without mastering these identity mechanisms, marketing research can make the most of them but also sometimes induce generational confusion.
Thirty Years of Conflicting Studies on the Influence of Congruence as perceived by the Consumer: Overview, Limitations and Avenues for Research
Authors: Fleck Nathalie , Maille Virginie
Published: March 2013

This article proposes a critical review of the concept of congruence and its effects. The literature is rich but contradictory, due sometimes to arguments over the concept of congruence and to a lack of attention to possible moderators. Future research should identify in which conditions moderate incongruence is more effective than congruence.
Power Assymmetry in Negociation: A Study of Perceveid Power Differential and Cognitive Differentiation
Authors: Guicherd Christian , Dampérat Maud , Jolibert Alain
Published: March 2013

This research investigates the influence of perceived power differential and cognitive differentiation on the strategies and results of negotiations in power asymmetry situations. A model based on the power dynamics and the source/target approach is established and empirically tested using negotiation games. The results show that the negotiation strategy of the source is dependent upon its cognitive differentiation ability while the negotiation strategy of the target is only dependent upon its perceived power differential.
Recruitment Marketing and Generational Segmentation: A Critical Analysis Based on a Sub-Segment of Generation Y
Authors: Soulez Sébastien , Guillot-Soulez Chloé
Published: March 2013

Résumé anglais?
The Evidence for Generation Me and Against Generation We
Authors: Twenge Jean M.
Published: March 2013

According to the empirical evidence, today’s emerging adults (Millennials/GenY, born after 1980) are more Generation Me than Generation We when compared to previous generations. Five data sets show a generational increase in narcissism, including one that demonstrates significant increases when a confound is controlled. College and child samples increase in self-esteem over the generations. Some high school samples show no change, though high school students increasingly embrace other overly positive self-views. In nationally representative samples of high school and college students, values have shifted toward extrinsic (money, fame, and image) concerns and away from intrinsic (community, affiliation) concerns. These trends have mostly negative consequences, such as lower empathy, less concern for others, and less civic engagement (e.g., interest in social issues, government, and politics). Parents and teachers should focus on teaching children and adolescents the values of hard work and consideration for others instead of an inflated sense of self.
Overwhelming Evidence for Generation Me
Authors: Twenge Jean M.
Published: March 2013

Documenting trends in young people’s self-reported traits and attitudes is empirical research, not a complaint or a stereotype. Rising cultural individualism has both good consequences (more gender equality) and more negative ones (narcissism, mental health issues). Arnett seems to believe we should embrace studies of cultural change only if they find positive trends. A total of 11 studies show a generational increase in narcissism, 7 using noncollege samples. They include respondents from high school age to adults, four different ways of measuring narcissism, three different research methods, four different ways of recruiting respondents, three different countries, and eight sets of authors. Eleven additional samples show increases in positive self-views. Perspective taking, empathy, and concern for others have declined, not increased. Narcissism is not related to teen pregnancy or car accidents. An enormous body of research finds generational increases in anxiety, depression, and mental health issues, most in noncollege samples.
Contemporary Issues in Sexual Orientation and Identity Development in Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Morgan Elizabeth M.
Published: March 2013

Emerging adulthood presents a unique developmental milieu for sexual orientation and identity development. Over the past 10 years, a body of research has begun delineating contemporary emerging adults’ understandings of their sexual orientation and processes of sexual identity development. This scholarship has increasingly recognized the complexity and multidimensional nature of sexual identity development among both heterosexual and sexual-minority individuals. This review covers current conceptualizations of sexual orientation and identity, traditional and contemporary models of sexual identity development, and recent empirical literature assessing developmental trajectories, consistency between and within dimensions of sexual orientation and identity, stability of these dimensions, and issues of sexual identity labeling and categorization. This scholarship suggests that increased attention to diversity within and between sexual identity groups is warranted but also reveals notable patterns and categories that should be considered as the field moves forward.