bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards a Formal IoT Security Model
Authors: Martin Tania , Geneiatakis Dimitrios , Kounelis Ioannis , Kerckhof Stéphanie , Nai Fovino Igor
Published: August 2020

The heterogeneity of Internet of Things (IoT) systems has so far prevented the definition of adequate standards, hence making it difficult to compare meaningfully the security degree of diverse architectural choices. This task can be nonetheless achieved with formal methodologies. However, the dedicated IoT literature shows no evidence of a universal model allowing the security evaluation of any arbitrary system. Based on these considerations, we propose a new model that aims at being global and all-encompassing. Our model can be used to fairly analyse the security level of different IoT systems and compare them in a significant way. It is designed to be adaptive with realistic definitions of the adversary’s (1) actions of interacting with IoT systems; (2) capabilities of accessing the data generated by and exchanged in IoT systems with established rules; and (3) objectives of attacking IoT systems according to the four recognised security properties of confidentiality, integrity, availability and soundness. Such a design enables the straightforward characterization of new adversaries. It further helps in providing a fine-grained security evaluation of IoT systems by either accurately describing attacks against the analysed systems or formally proving their guaranteed level of security.
Three Flavor Quasi-Dirac Neutrino Mixing, Oscillations and Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
Authors: Khatun Amina , Smetana Adam , Šimkovic Fedor
Published: August 2020

The extension of the Standard model by three right-handed neutrino fields exhibit appealing symmetry between left-handed and right-handed sectors, which is only violated by interactions. It can accommodate three flavor quasi-Dirac neutrino mixing scheme, which allows processes with violation of both lepton flavor and total lepton number symmetries. We propose a 6×6 unitary matrix for parameterizing the mixing among three flavors of quasi-Dirac neutrino. This mixing matrix is constructed by two 3×3 unitary matrices that diagonalizes the Dirac mass term in the Lagrangian. By only assuming the Standard Model V−A weak interaction, it is found that probabilities of neutrino oscillations among active flavor states and effective masses measured by single beta decay, by neutrinoless double-beta decay and by cosmology only depend on single 3×3 unitary matrix relevant to mixing of active neutrino flavors. Further, by considering 1σ and 3σ uncertainties in the measured oscillation probability of electron antineutrino from reactor, derivation of the constraint on the Majorana neutrino mass component is demonstrated. The consequence for effective Majorana neutrino mass governing the neutrinoless double-beta decay is discussed.
Separability of the Planar 1/ρ2 Potential in Multiple Coordinate Systems
Authors: DeCosta Richard , Altschul Brett
Published: August 2020

With a number of special Hamiltonians, solutions of the Schrödinger equation may be found by separation of variables in more than one coordinate system. The class of potentials involved includes a number of important examples, including the isotropic harmonic oscillator and the Coulomb potential. Multiply separable Hamiltonians exhibit a number of interesting features, including “accidental” degeneracies in their bound state spectra and often classical bound state orbits that always close. We examine another potential, for which the Schrödinger equation is separable in both cylindrical and parabolic coordinates: A z-independent V∝1/ρ2=1/(x2+y2) in three dimensions. All the persistent, bound classical orbits in this potential close, because all other orbits with negative energies fall to the center at ρ=0. When separated in parabolic coordinates, the Schrödinger equation splits into three individual equations, two of which are equivalent to the radial equation in a Coulomb potential—one equation with an attractive potential, the other with an equally strong repulsive potential.
Indoxyl Sulfate Contributes to Adipose Tissue Inflammation through the Activation of NADPH Oxidase
Authors: Tanaka Shoma , Watanabe Hiroshi , Nakano Takehiro , Imafuku Tadashi , Kato Hiromasa , Tokumaru Kai , Arimura Nanaka , Enoki Yuki , Maeda Hitoshi , Tanaka Motoko , Matsushita Kazutaka , Fukagawa Masafumi , Maruyama Toru
Published: August 2020

Adipose tissue inflammation appears to be a risk factor for the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the effect of CKD on adipose tissue inflammation is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to clarify the involvement of uremic toxins (indoxyl sulfate (IS), 3-indoleacetic acid, p-cresyl sulfate and kynurenic acid) on CKD-induced adipose tissue inflammation. IS induces monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the differentiated 3T3L-1 adipocyte. An organic anion transporter (OAT) inhibitor, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor or an antioxidant suppresses the IS-induced MCP-1 expression and ROS production, suggesting the OAT/NADPH oxidase/ROS pathway is involved in the action of IS. Co-culturing 3T3L-1 adipocytes and mouse macrophage cells showed incubating adipocytes with IS increased macrophage infiltration. An IS-overload in healthy mice increased IS levels, oxidative stress and MCP-1 expression in epididymal adipose tissue compared to unloaded mice. Using 5/6-nephrectomized mice, the administration of AST-120 suppressed oxidative stress and the expression of MCP-1, F4/80 and TNF-α in epididymal adipose tissue. These collective data suggest IS could be a therapeutic target for the CKD-related inflammatory response in adipose tissue, and that AST-120 could be useful for the treatment of IS-induced adipose tissue inflammation.
Cyanobacterial Abundance and Microcystin Profiles in Two Southern British Lakes: The Importance of Abiotic and Biotic Interactions
Authors: Hartnell David M. , Chapman Ian J. , Taylor Nick G. H. , Esteban Genoveva F. , Turner Andrew D. , Franklin Daniel J.
Published: August 2020

Freshwater cyanobacteria blooms represent a risk to ecological and human health through induction of anoxia and release of potent toxins; both conditions require water management to mitigate risks. Many cyanobacteria taxa may produce microcystins, a group of toxic cyclic heptapeptides. Understanding the relationships between the abiotic drivers of microcystins and their occurrence would assist in the implementation of targeted, cost-effective solutions to maintain safe drinking and recreational waters. Cyanobacteria and microcystins were measured by flow cytometry and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry in two interconnected reservoirs varying in age and management regimes, in southern Britain over a 12-month period. Microcystins were detected in both reservoirs, with significantly higher concentrations in the southern lake (maximum concentration >7 µg L−1). Elevated microcystin concentrations were not positively correlated with numbers of cyanobacterial cells, but multiple linear regression analysis suggested temperature and dissolved oxygen explained a significant amount of the variability in microcystin across both reservoirs. The presence of a managed fishery in one lake was associated with decreased microcystin levels, suggestive of top down control on cyanobacterial populations. This study supports the need to develop inclusive, multifactor holistic water management strategies to control cyanobacterial risks in freshwater bodies.
Contribution of Human Retroviruses to Disease Development—A Focus on the HIV– and HERV–Cancer Relationships and Treatment Strategies
Authors: Liu Ching-Hsuan , Grandi Nicole , Palanivelu Lalitha , Tramontano Enzo , Lin Liang-Tzung
Published: August 2020

Animal retroviruses are known for their transforming potential, and this is also true for the ones hosted by humans, which have gathered expanding attention as one of the potent causative agents in various disease, including specific cancer types. For instance, Human T Lymphotropic virus (HTLV) is a well-studied class of oncoviruses causing T cell leukemia, while human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is linked to a series of defining cancers including Kaposi sarcoma, certain types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and cervical cancer. Of note, in addition to these “modern” exogenous retroviruses, our genome harbors a staggering number of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs). HERVs are the genetic remnants of ancient retroviral germline infection of human ancestors and are typically silenced in normal tissues due to inactivating mutations and sequence loss. While some HERV elements have been appropriated and contribute to human physiological functions, others can be reactivated through epigenetic dysregulations to express retroviral elements and promote carcinogenesis. Conversely, HERV replication intermediates or protein products can also serve as intrinsic pathogen-associated molecular patterns that cause the immune system to interpret it as an exogenous infection, thereby stimulating immune responses against tumors. As such, HERVs have also been targeted as a potential internal strategy to sensitize tumor cells for promising immunotherapies. In this review, we discuss the dynamic role of human retroviruses in cancer development, focusing on HIV and HERVs contribution. We also describe potential treatment strategies, including immunotherapeutic targeting of HERVs, inhibiting DNA methylation to expose HERV signatures, and the use of antiretroviral drugs against HIV and HERVs, which can be employed as prospective anti-cancer modalities.
Comprehensive Analyses of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in a Public Health Virology Laboratory
Authors: Zuckerman Neta , Pando Rakefet , Bucris Efrat , Drori Yaron , Lustig Yaniv , Erster Oran , Mor Orna , Mendelson Ella , Mandelboim Michal
Published: August 2020

SARS-CoV-2 has become a major global concern as of December 2019, particularly affecting healthcare workers. As person-to-person transmission is airborne, crowded closed spaces have high potential for rapid virus spread, especially early in the pandemic when social distancing and mask wearing were not mandatory. This retrospective study thoroughly investigates a small-scale SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Israel’s central virology laboratory (ICVL) in mid-March 2020, in which six staff members and two related family members were infected. Suspicions regarding infection by contaminated surfaces in ICVL facilities were nullified by SARS-CoV-2 negative real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of work surfaces swipe tests. Complete SARS-CoV-2 genomes were sequenced and mutation analyses showed inclusion of all samples to clades 20B and 20C, possessing the spike mutation D614G. Phylogenetic analysis clarified transmission events, confirming S1 as having infected at least three other staff members and refuting the association of a staff member’s infected spouse with the ICVL transmission cluster. Finally, serology tests exhibited IgG and IgA antibodies in all infected individuals and revealed the occurrence of asymptomatic infections in additional staff members. This study demonstrates the advantages of molecular epidemiology in elucidating transmission events and exemplifies the importance of good laboratory practice, distancing and mask wearing in preventing SARS-CoV-2 spread, specifically in healthcare facilities.
Vaccination of Mice with a Novel Trypsin from Trichinella spiralis Elicits the Immune Protection against Larval Challenge
Authors: Zhang Yao , Zeng Jie , Song Yan Yan , Long Shao Rong , Liu Ruo Dan , Jiang Peng , Zhang Xi , Cui Jing , Wang Zhong Quan
Published: August 2020

Trichinella spiralis is a major foodborne parasite and has a serious threat to meat safety. Development of anti-Trichinella vaccines is prospective to eliminate Trichinella infection in food animal. The aim of this study was to assess the biological properties of a novel T. spiralis trypsin (TsT) and its elicited immune protection against larval challenge. The cDNA sequence of TsT gene was cloned and expressed. Western blotting showed rTsT was identified by infection serum and anti-TsT serum. RT-PCR results revealed that TsT gene was transcribed at diverse T. spiralis lifecycle stages. The IIFT results showed that natural TsT was principally expressed at epicuticle of 5-6 day adult worms, indicating that TsT is a worm somatic antigen and adult-stage specific surface antigen. Vaccination of mice with rTsT triggered an evident humoral immune response (high levels of serum IgG, IgG1/IgG2a, and enteral sIgA), and it also induced the systemic and enteral local cellular immune response, demonstrated by an significantly elevation of cytokines IFN-γ and IL-4. The mice vaccinated with rTsT exhibited a 33.17% reduction of enteral adult worms and a 37.80% reduction of muscle larvae after larval challenge. The results showed that TsT might be considered as a candidate target antigen for anti-T. spiralis vaccines.
Optimized Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) E2 Glycoproteins and their Immunogenicity in Combination with MVA-HCV
Authors: Marín María Q. , Sliepen Kwinten , García-Arriaza Juan , Koekkoek Sylvie M. , Pérez Patricia , Sorzano Carlos Óscar S. , Gómez Carmen E. , Sanders Rogier W. , Esteban Mariano
Published: August 2020

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) represents a major global health challenge and an efficient vaccine is urgently needed. Many HCV vaccination strategies employ recombinant versions of the viral E2 glycoprotein. However, recombinant E2 readily forms disulfide-bonded aggregates that might not be optimally suited for vaccines. Therefore, we have designed an E2 protein in which we strategically changed eight cysteines to alanines (E2.C8A). E2.C8A formed predominantly monomers and virtually no aggregates. Furthermore, E2.C8A also interacted more efficiently with broadly neutralizing antibodies than conventional E2. We used mice to evaluate different prime/boost immunization strategies involving a modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing the nearly full-length genome of HCV (MVA-HCV) in combination with either the E2 aggregates or the E2.C8A monomers. The combined MVA-HCV/E2 aggregates prime/boost strategy markedly enhanced HCV-specific effector memory CD4+ T cell responses and antibody levels compared to MVA-HCV/MVA-HCV. Moreover, the aggregated form of E2 induced higher levels of anti-E2 antibodies in vaccinated mice than E2.C8A monomers. These antibodies were cross-reactive and mainly of the IgG1 isotype. Our findings revealed how two E2 viral proteins that differ in their capacity to form aggregates are able to enhance to different extent the HCV-specific cellular and humoral immune responses, either alone or in combination with MVA-HCV. These combined protocols of MVA-HCV/E2 could serve as a basis for the development of a more effective HCV vaccine.
Novel Trivalent Vectored Vaccine for Control of Myxomatosis and Disease Caused by Classical and a New Genotype of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus
Authors: Reemers Sylvia , Peeters Leon , van Schijndel Joyce , Bruton Beth , Sutton David , van der Waart Leo , van de Zande Saskia
Published: August 2020

Myxoma virus (MV) and rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) are the major causes of lethal viral diseases in the European rabbit. In 2010, a new RHDV genotype (RHDV2) emerged in the field that had limited cross-protection with the classical RHDV (RHDV1). For optimal protection of rabbits and preventing spread of disease, a vaccine providing protection against all three key viruses would be ideal. Therefore, a novel trivalent myxoma vectored RHDV vaccine (Nobivac Myxo-RHD PLUS) was developed similar to the existing bivalent myxoma vectored RHDV vaccine Nobivac Myxo-RHD. The new vaccine contains the Myxo-RHDV1 strain already included in Nobivac Myxo-RHD and a similarly produced Myxo-RHDV2 strain. This paper describes several key safety and efficacy studies conducted for European licensing purposes. Nobivac Myxo-RHD PLUS showed to be safe for use in rabbits from five weeks of age onwards, including pregnant rabbits, and did not spread from vaccinated rabbits to in-contact controls. Furthermore, protection to RHDV1 and RHDV2 was demonstrated by challenge, while the serological response to MV was similar to that after vaccination with Nobivac Myxo-RHD. Therefore, routine vaccination with Nobivac Myxo-RHD PLUS can prevent the kept rabbit population from these major viral diseases.
Evaluating Water Balance Variables under Land Use and Climate Projections in the Upper Choctawhatchee River Watershed, in Southeast US
Authors: Makhtoumi Yashar , Li Simeng , Ibeanusi Victor , Chen Gang
Published: August 2020

Changes in water balance variables are essential in planning and management. Two major factors affecting these variables are climate change and land use change. Few researches have been done to investigate the combined effect of the land use change and climate change using projections. In this study the hydrological processes in Upper Choctawhatchee River Watershed were modeled using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to investigate the impacts of climate and land use change. We integrated land use projection based in the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways with future climate data to study the combined effects on Hydrological response of the watershed. Future rainfall and temperature, for two time periods, were obtained using General Climate Models to provide SWAT with the climatic forcing in order to project water balance variables. The simulation was carried out under two radiative forcing pathways of RCP4.5 and RCP6.0. Land use change focused on urbanization dominated the climate changes. Impacts on water balance variables differed seasonally. Results showed surface runoff experienced major changes under both emissions scenarios in some months up to 5 times increase. Among the water balance variables, evapotranspiration (ET) as the least dominant pathway for water loss showed the modest changes with the largest decrease during fall and summer. Projection indicated more frequent extreme behavior regarding water balance during midcentury. Discharge was estimated to increase through the year and the highest changes were projected during summer and fall with 186.3% increase in November under RCP6.0. Relying on rainfall for farming along with reduced agricultural landuse (11.8%) and increased urban area (47%) and population growth would likely make the water use efficiency critical. The model demonstrated satisfactory performance, capturing the hydrologic parameters. It thus can be used for further modelling of water quality to determine the sustainable conservation practices and extreme weather events such as hurricane and tropical storms.
The Relationship among Precipitation, Application of Salt in Winter Road Maintenance and the Quality of Waterways and Soil around Motorway
Authors: Jandová Vilma , Bucková Martina , Hegrová Jitka , Dostál Ivo , Huzlík Jiří , Effenberger Karel , Ličbinský Roman
Published: August 2020

Construction of motorways and road traffic bring a new line element into the landscape, which fundamentally influences the local hydrological regime and water quality. Impermeable surfaces are introduced into the landscape, affecting the natural infiltration of water in the environment. The aim of the present research was to assess the long-term historical development of changes in the landscape retention potential due to construction of the D1 motorway in the Jihlava region and also evaluate the impact of winter maintenance on the quality of surface waters and soils. During the reference period, the research area showed an increase in land take and related increases in soil sealing by impermeable surfaces due to the construction of the D1 motorway. This fact has clearly contributed to the deterioration of the retention potential of the landscape in the area. Chloride concentrations of both matrices were evaluated in relation to the amount of de-icing salt applied at the sites and precipitation recorded in this region. Water samples collected at the outflow contained in all cases higher concentrations of chloride than samples of the inflow water. The highest chloride concentration in soil was measured in samples collected at a distance of 2 m from the road.
Research on Energy Management Strategies of Extended-Range Electric Vehicles Based on Driving Characteristics
Authors: Yu Yuanbin , Jiang Junyu , Min Zhaoxiang , Wang Pengyu , Shen Wangsheng
Published: August 2020

The extended-range electric vehicle (E-REV) can solve the problems of short driving range and long charging time of pure electric vehicles, but it is necessary to control the engine working points and allocate the power of the energy sources reasonably. In order to improve the fuel economy of the vehicle, an energy management strategy (EMS) that can adapt to the daily driving characteristics of the driver and adjust the control parameters online is proposed in this paper. Firstly, through principal component analysis (PCA) and iterative self-organizing data analysis techniques algorithm (ISODATA) of historical driving data, a typical driving cycle which can describe driving characteristics of the driver is constructed. Then offline optimization of control parameters by adaptive simulated annealing under each typical driving cycle and online recognition of driving cycles by extreme learning machine (ELM) are applied to the adaptive multi-workpoints energy management strategy (A-MEMS) of E-REV. In the end, compared with traditional rule-based control strategies, A-MEMS achieves good fuel-saving and emission-reduction result by simulation verification, and it explores a new and feasible solution for the continuous upgrade of the EMS.
Avaliação do Desempenho Agronômico de Diferentes Cultivares de Soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Com Uso de Bioestimulantes e Herbicida Hormonal.
Authors: Roberto Kovalski Anderson
Published: August 2020

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar características filotécnicas e resposta no rendimento de grãos com diferentes cultivares de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) sob diferentes manejos. Para o ensaio adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com arranjo fatorial 4x7. As parcelas foram compostas por 4 diferentes manejos: Testemunha, 2,4-D e Progibb, Biofran, Internode. As 7 cultivares analisadas foram: TMG 2185 IPRO, M 8372 IPRO, IMA 84114 RR, M 7110 IPRO, HO MARACAI IPRO, IMA 831 IPRO e NS 7667 IPRO totalizando em 28 tratamentos. Em R8 foram efetuadas as determinações: altura de planta, número de nós, número de ramos reprodutivos, total de vagens por planta, número de grãos por planta, massa de mil grãos e produtividade. Houve interação entre cultivares e manejos para os carácteres agronômicos: altura de planta, número de grãos por planta e produtividade. As cultivares TMG 2185 IPRO, M 7110 IPRO e M 8372 IPRO apresentaram interações positivas para o manejo Internode, atingindo incrementos médios de 16,4, 12,6 e 8,4 sacas por hectare respectivamente com relação a Testemunha, enquanto que o uso de 2,4-D e Progibb nas cultivares IMA 831 IPRO e TMG 2185 IPRO, indicaram decréscimo na produção final.
Trocas gasosas, eficiência fotoquímica e potencial osmótico de plantas de tomate submetidas a condições salinas
Authors: Hevilasio Freire Pereira Francisco , Silva e Silva Luandson José da , Assis da Silva Francisco de , Santos Dias Mirandy Dos
Published: August 2020

A concentração excessiva de sais no solo ou na água de irrigação pode causar problemas fisiológicos, redução no crescimento, desenvolvimento e, baixa produtividade. Diante disto, objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento das trocas gasosas, a eficiência fotoquímica do fotossistema II e a capacidade de adaptação de plantas de tomateiro cv. Santa Clara submetidas a concentrações crescentes de NaCl, cultivados em solução nutritiva. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação do Departamento de Biologia Vegetal da Universidade Federal de viçosa. As mudas foram produzidas em bandejas plásticas tendo como substrato areia. O transplante foi realizado quando as plantas apresentavam  2 folhas definitivas para vasos contendo 5 L de solução nutritiva de Hoagland. O delineamento experimental adotado foi de blocos inteiramente casualizado, com quatro níveis de salinidade (0, 50, 100 e 150 mM de NaCl) e três repetições. A fotossíntese, o número de folhas por planta, a massa seca da parte aérea, radicular e total reduziram com o aumento na concentração de NaCl. O potencial osmótico, tanto na parte aérea quanto no sistema radicular, diminuíram com o aumento na concentração salina da solução nutritiva, evidenciando claro ajuste osmótico do tomateiro como forma de aumentar a absorção de água da solução nutritiva.
Influência do déficit hídrico nas características da ecofisiologia de videiras cv. Brs Violeta e Pinot Noir
Authors: Reis Maranhão Kamilla , Lessí dos Reis Luís , Rezende Brito Michelle , Silva Cardoso Benjamin Rosinei da
Published: August 2020

As variáveis ecofisiologicas exercem grande influência, não somente no comportamento vegetativo das plantas cultivadas, mas, sobretudo no seu desempenho em relação as características produtivas. Este trabalho verificou a influência do déficit hídrico nas características da ecofisiologia de videiras cv. BRS Violeta e Pinot Noir. O estudo foi realizado em casa de vegetação do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso, Campus Confresa. O delineamento estatístico foi o inteiramente casualizado com três repetições para cada variedade com cinco tratamentos de déficit hídrico. De cada repetição foram selecionadas duas folhas saídas, com idade fisiológica aproximadamente igual. No horário das 5h do alvorecer e das 13h da tarde, sendo realizadas aos 35 dias após a submissão dos déficits. Os cinco tratamentos de déficits hídricos constituíram um bom parâmetro para a aferição de diferenças entre as variedades, dando destaque a BRS Violeta, com um melhor aproveitamento de água.
The Basic Concepts of the Effect of Rhesus (Rh) Factor on Fetus: A Mini Review
Authors: Farhan Mohammed Alwan
Published: August 2020

We often hear about cases of incompatibility of the blood of newly married couples, where it results in fears of fetal blood breakdown and others. The same problem generates by transferring blood from a donor to a recipient. This mini-review discusses this problem, outlines the possible reasons for blood aggregation and its negative effects and gives tips to avoid this problem in the future.
Review Jurnal: Potensi Spons Laut Sebagai Anti Kanker Payudara
Authors: Fristiohady Adryan , Haruna Lidya Agriningsih
Published: August 2020

Angka kejadian dan kematian pada penderita kanker payudara terus mengalami peningkatan di setiap tahunnya. Prevalensi kejadian 8-9% wanita mengalami kanker payudara. Menurut data World Health Organization (WHO) tahun 2018 menyebutkan angka kejadian kanker payudara di Indonesia sebesar 42,1 per 100.000 penduduk dengan rata-rata angka kematian 17 per 100.000 penduduk. Kanker payudara adalah kanker invasif paling sering terjadi pada wanita di seluruh dunia dan penyebab kematian kanker tertinggi kedua, setelah kanker paru-paru. Kebanyakan wanita dengan kanker payudara akan menjalani beberapa jenis operasi. Pembedahan sering dikombinasikan dengan perawatan lain seperti terapi radiasi, kemoterapi, terapi hormon, dan/atau terapi yang ditargetkan. Studi tentang produk alami laut sebagai sumber kandidat obat masih jarang. Sumber daya laut telah menghasilkan sejumlah besar senyawa bioaktif baru. Spons mewakili salah satu sumber senyawa bioaktif laut yang paling menjanjikan terutama untuk bidang farmasi dalam pengobatan kanker payudara. Penulisan review jurnal ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka. Review jurnal ini membahas tentang beberapa spons laut dan aktivitas antikanker payudara. Dari hasil ulasan jurnal didapatkan bahwa  beberapa spons laut dengan aktivitas antikanker payudara yaitu Monanchora viridis, Hyrtios erectus, Xestospongia, Psammaplysilla, Haliclona sp, Stylissa carteri, Aaptos sp, Callyspongia siphonella, Ancorina sp, Haliclona caerulea, Spongia pertusa Esper, Siphonochalina siphonella, Geodia cydonium, Manihinea lynbeazleyae, Theonella mirabilis, Spheciospongia vagabunda, Stryphuous ponderosus, dan Theonella sp, dengan berbagai macam aktivitas seperti antiproliferatif, proapoptotik, dan proinflamasi pada lini sel kanker payudara T11, SUM159PT, MCF-7, BT-474, MCF-7/adr, MDA MB 231, MDA MB 468, SKBR3, HCC-1954,  T-47D, MCF7-Nanog, MCF-10A, dan SUM149.
CURRENT SITUATION AND ROLES OF VietGAP CERTIFICATION TO SHRIMP FARMING: A CASE STUDY OF WHITE LEG SHRIMP FARMING IN SOC TRANG PROVINCE, VIET NAM
Authors: Nguyen Quyen Thi Kim , Nguyen Long Thanh , Huynh Hien Van
Published: August 2020

This study was conducted from February to May 2019 through interviewing 105 white leg shrimp intensive farming households according to VietGAP certification in Soc Trang Province in Vietnam, and aimed to evaluate current situation and the efficiency of VietGAP practices regarding disease and quality management. VietGAPhas been operated since 2013 and has grown dramatically. Due to good practices and positive influence of VietGAP guidance, such as reservoir construction (94%); post-larvae testing (100%); reasonable stocking density(40 PL/ m2); and monitoring water using toolkits (100%); disease outbreaks were reduced (40%). Adhering to these measures, the results have been shown that harvest yield has resulted in 2.7 to 5.6 ton/ha/cycle, andprofit being 179 million VND/ha/non-disease cycle and 324 million VND/ha/diseased cycle. Up to 49% VietGAP shrimp was sold directly to the processing companies or their purchasing network, 98% of transactions metrequirements for export, and receiving premium price at two to five thousand VND/kg. Therefore, VietGAP has improved the quality of shrimp for export. However, the ratio of farmers being awarded certification is smallbecause farmers lack financial motivation (no difference in price between GAP vs nonGAP shrimp products) and external support from related organizations.
Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian BBLR (Berat Badan Lahir Rendah) di Asia dan Afrika
Authors: Agustina Fitratur Rahmah , Utari Diah Mulyawati
Published: August 2020

According to WHO, 20 million babies born every year experience LBW, and 96.5% of them occur in developing countries. This study aims to analyze the factors associated with LBW events. The design of this study is literature review. The articles collected are grouped according to the following inclusion criteria: 1) is a cross sectional study; 2) respondents are children aged 0-59 months; 3) research locations in Asia or Africa. The results of the study show that the sex of the child has a significant relationship with LBW in India, Indonesia, Afghanistan, Armenia, Cambodia, Jordan and Tanzania. Mothers aged ≥ 35 years are more at risk of giving birth to LBW babies in Armenia, Cambodia, Jordan, Nepal, Pakistan, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Burkina Faso, Ghana and Senegal. Mother's education has a significant relationship with LBW in Oman, Afghanistan, Armenia, India, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Jordan, Burkina Faso, Malawi, Senegal, Uganda, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. Occupational mothers have a significant relationship with LBW only in Nepal, and Pakistan. Maternal nutritional status (IMT) has a significant relationship with LBW events in India, Cambodia, Nepal, Pakistan, Jordan, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Malawi, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. Pregnancy complications have a relationship with LBW only in Indonesia, and Oman. The number of parities has a significant relationship with LBW in Indonesia, Armenia, Cambodia, Nepal, Pakistan, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. The number of ANC attendees has a significant relationship with LBW in India, Nepal, Pakistan, Jordan, Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. The economic status of the family was found to have relations with LBW in Afghanistan, Armenia, Indonesia, Cambodia, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Jordan, Tanzania and Zimbabwe.
Procesamiento digital de imágenes médicas sobre plataformas FPGAs
Authors:   , Osio Jorge Rafael
Published: August 2020

Los equipos de imágenes médicas cobran un papel progresivamente crítico en el cuidado de la salud. La predicción y el tratamiento se manejan combinando modalidades tales como la tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET), Tomografía computarizada (CT) y equipos de rayos X. Se requieren sistemas sofisticados de software/hardware para el análisis de señales que posibilitan la obtención y procesamiento de imágenes de altas resoluciones. Estos sistemas deben proveer un procesamiento muy exacto y sumamente rápido de grandes cantidades de datos de imágenes. Estos requerimientos en sistemas que a su vez deben poseer la capacidad de actualizar continuamente sus características y algoritmos, no deja otra alternativa que usar sistemas programables como CPUs y FPGAs potentes. En este trabajo se desarrolló un sistema en el que se busca optimizar la eficiencia en la ejecución de algoritmos de procesamiento digital de imágenes sobre dispositivos FPGAs, aprovechando las bondades que proveen en cuanto al cómputo paralelo y la concurrencia. Para el procesamiento, los algoritmos se aplicaron a imágenes médicas, ya que las necesidades de desempeño para el análisis en tiempo real de las mismas, requieren plataformas de sistemas escalables tanto en software (CPUs) como en hardware (lógica configurable). Además, estas plataformas procesadoras deben encontrar un equilibrio entre desempeño/precio y deben ser capaces de procesar múltiples variedades de imágenes. La metodología desarrollada consiste en la implementación y ejecución de algoritmos de procesamiento de imágenes en un simple procesador, luego en dos procesadores y por último en un sistema de dos procesadores con coprocesador. En este último caso, los procesadores se encargan del manejo y organización de los datos y los coprocesadores de la ejecución de la parte principal del algoritmo de forma concurrente. El método se aplica a los algoritmos de procesamiento de imágenes de tipo espacial basados en operadores de ventana, tales como el filtro de media, mediana, erosión, dilatación y la convolución espacial.
Lugares y paisajes de cazadores-recolectores en la pampa bonaerense
Authors:   , Mazzia Natalia
Published: August 2020

Este trabajo de tesis tiene como objetivo principal realizar una contribución al conocimiento y la discusión sobre los lugares y los paisajes de las sociedades de cazadores recolectores que habitaron y recorrieron el sector centro oriental del sistema serrano de Tandilia, durante el Pleistoceno final y diferentes momentos del Holoceno. El estudio de lugares arqueológicos propuesto se sustenta en la concepción según la cual la materialidad de la vida humana involucra no sólo a los objetos sino también a los cuerpos y al espacio. En este sentido, se propone entender los cambios y las continuidades a lo largo del tiempo en la relación que los grupos humanos establecieron con el medio en el que vivieron; integrando en forma dinámica la información obtenida a partir de los objetos, de detalles particulares de los objetos y del espacio en diferentes escalas. De esta forma, la investigación sobre lugares arqueológicos se presenta como una vía que permite avanzar en la comprensión de la vida de sociedades pasadas. El diseño de investigación llevado a cabo involucró una amplia diversidad de tareas que incluyen el trabajo de campo arqueológico, el procesamiento y la interpretación de imágenes desde un enfoque geomático y los análisis específicos e inferencias a partir de los materiales en base a estudios arqueométricos y tecnomorfológicos. A todo esto se suma un trabajo de campo antropológico realizado con la comunidad local que aporta una perspectiva subjetiva al análisis espacial, a la vez que sirve como base para posteriores actividades destinadas a la protección y revalorización del patrimonio arqueológicos. Los resultados obtenidos a partir de cada una de las tareas desarrolladas son integrados para dar cuenta de las características de los diferentes lugares arqueológicos estudiados. A partir de dichas caracterizaciones se propone una discusión sobre las relaciones materiales y espaciales que pueden establecerse entre los mismos en diferentes momentos, desde la transición entre el Pleistoceno y el Holoceno hasta el período posterior a la conquista europea. De esta manera, se da forma a una red de lugares a partir de la cual se realizan inferencias en torno a la movilidad de los grupos pampeanos y al establecimiento de redes sociales que conforman los paisajes sociales pasados.
Dímero de tirosina libre y en estructuras proteicas: generación fotosensibilizada y caracterización fotoquímica
Authors:   , Reid Lara Olivia
Published: August 2020

En este trabajo de tesis doctoral se estudió la generación fotosensibilizada con pterina (Ptr) de dímeros de tirosina (Tyr2) a partir de tirosina (Tyr) y se desarrolló un método de preparación simple y económico basado en este proceso. A su vez, se investigó la fotodegradación de las formas ácida y alcalina de Tyr2 bajo radiación UV-B y UV-A, respectivamente, y se estudiaron sus propiedades fotosensibilizadoras. Por otro lado, se evaluó la formación fotosensibilizada de Tyr2 en dos proteínas: Ubiquitina (Ub) y Albúmina de suero humano (HSA). En estos sistemas además de la formación de Tyr2 se observaron otros procesos fotosensibilizados que ocurren en forma paralela. Los dos más importantes fueron la oxidación de residuos de triptófano (Trp), para el caso de HSA y la formación de aductos covalente Ptr-proteína. Por último, para investigar si estos procesos fotosensibilizados producen efectos en la función proteica, se analizó la fotoinactivación inducida por Ptr de α-Hemolisina de E. Coli (α-HlyA).
Empleo de bacterias lácticas y sus metabolitos como estrategia de biocontrol para disminuir la incidencia de cepas de Salmonella spp. formadoras de biopelículas en granjas avícolas
Authors:   , Merino Lina Ethel
Published: August 2020

Estudio de las propiedades de superficie y la formación de biofilm de cepas de Salmonella aisladas de granjas avícolas de la región en diferentes condiciones de cultivo y superficies. Evaluación de la interacción de bacterias lácticas, sus proteínas de superficie y metabolitos presentes en los sobrenadantes de cultivo con las cepas de Salmonella y estudio de la reducción de biofilm del patógeno. Aplicación de bacterias lácticas y sus metabolitos como estrategia alternativa para la reduccion de la formación de biofilm de Salmonella sobre la superficie de cáscara de huevo.
Los encierros manicomiales y las medidas de seguridad para inimputables por enfermedad mental
Authors:   , La Salvia Iris Edith
Published: August 2020

El dictado de la medida de seguridad en un proceso penal respecto de la persona que ha delinquido en estado de inimputabilidad constituye apenas el punto de partida de una labor más compleja, que encuentra allí la oportunidad de comprobar la consistencia de un sistema normativo que se pretende tuitivo, constatar su eficacia y reflexionar, en base a los hechos, acerca del efectivo alcance del sistema de protección respecto de la vida y los derechos de la persona declarada inimputable en ese proceso. No obstante, a pesar de su trascendencia esta labor se encuentra pendiente. Este trabajo de investigación pretende dirigirse a esa vía poco transitada. Para ello es necesario comenzar con algunas indagaciones que permitan orientar en el camino hacia una auténtica protección de quienes resultan los miembros más vulnerables de la población en general y carcelaria en particular y elaborar asimismo propuestas puntuales para mejorar los aspectos que revisten mayor urgencia.
Parentalidad en parejas de mujeres en la ciudad de La Plata
Authors:   , Vidal Iara Vanina
Published: August 2020

En los últimos años, se asistió a la sanción de diferentes leyes en la Argentina: Matrimonio Igualitario, Identidad de Género y Fertilización Asistida. Este marco normativo, incorporó a la temática nuevas dimensiones incluyendo a la parentalidad dentro de la diversidad en la agenda pública, así como parte de las discusiones académicas. En este sentido, este es uno de los primeros trabajos de análisis sobre la parentalidad en parejas de mujeres después de la sanción de la Ley de Matrimonio Igualitario (2010), para debatir acerca de las recomendaciones o no de que una pareja homosexual pueda llevar adelante la crianza de los/as niños/as. Dicho recorrido se establecerá a partir de las voces de las protagonistas, con el objetivo de desandar prejuicios. En correspondencia, se estableció un diseño de investigación cualitativo, mediante entrevistas semi dirigidas a quienes manifestaron el proyecto de tener un/a hijo/a o que ya tuvieran hijos/as. El muestreo se realizó a partir de la técnica de bola de nieve y permitió entrevistar a diez parejas. Al concluir la tesis, se logró arribar a semejanzas y diferencias entre las parejas heteronormativas y las parejas estudiadas; por un lado, en relación al acceso y desarrollo de la parentalidad y por otro, respecto a las respuestas de la red social (familias de origen, amigos/as e instituciones) ante dicho proceso. Se concluyó que, si bien la Ley instaura un instituido, en términos de prácticas, discursos y significaciones será necesario todavía recorrer un largo camino para que el acceso a derechos, en términos de parentalidad en parejas de mujeres, sea igualitario.
Dispensación de medicamentos en formas sólidas ("esferoides”) obtenidas en fases sólido/sólido
Authors:   , Chechile Héctor Martín
Published: August 2020

Este trabajo se ha realizado con el fin de hallar una forma sencilla, eficaz, estable y reproducible, para dispensar medicamentos por vía bucal, con bases medicamentosas que requieren dosis bajas y rigurosamente dosificadas. La técnica básica que empleamos, constituída por el escurrimiento en forma de gotas, de una sustancia sólida fundida, simple o compuesta y posterior solidificación del material escurrido al caer sobre un medio in miscible reconoce, originalmente, patente europea. Tal circunstancia no otorga originalidad total a nuestro trabajo puesto que la técnica seguida responde a la anteriormente mencionada. Pero en cambio, otorgamos originalidad a las fases intervinientes que en este caso son sólido/sólido, dado que en los trabajos consultados fueron sólido/líquido y líquido/líquido. La modificación no significa un mero cambio de estado físico. Al seleccionar la fase sólida que cumple la función de excipiente, es decir, en la que disolvemos directa o indirectamente la base medicamentosa, exigimos que posea punto de fusión superior a 60°C y punto de solidificación superior a 40°C, que representan valores superiores a los medios utilizados en las experiencias anteriores. Por tal motivo, se suscitan una serie de alternativas técnicas importantes que anteriormente no fueron tenidas en cuenta en su totalidad, como ser: punto de fusión, diámetro de escurrimiento libre y forzado y tensión superficial, que son estudiados en este caso e incluso, experimentados conjuntamente, por lo que es posible llegar a conclusiones que representan mayores ventajas técnicas y de aplicación.
Efecto del pretratamiento térmico sobre las propiedades estructurales del sistema Fe/SiO2 y su influencia sobre la actividad y selectividad en la síntesis de Fischer-Tropsch
Authors:   , Bengoa José Fernando
Published: August 2020

En el presente trabajo se estudia la variación de las propiedades estructurales de sistemas de pequeñas partículas de Fe soportadas sobre sílica con la temperatura, la atmósfera y el tiempo de calcinación. Los precursores y catalizadores Rieron caracterizados por BET, DRX espectroscopia Móssbauer, quimisorción y oxidación volumétrica. La calcinación en aire a una temperatura de 698 K produjo muy pequeñas partículas (<45 Å) de Fe3O2 amorfo o α-Fe3O2 ubicadas en el interior de los poros del soporte. Un aumento del tiempo de calcinación no provoca modificaciones estructurales importantes. La utilización de N2 como atmósfera de calcinación produjo una migración de los cristales de α-Fe3O2 fuera de los poros con importante crecimiento de los mismos (= 480 A). El aumento de temperatura en estas condiciones conduce a un cambio en la especie presente, generándose γ-Fe3O2, para finalizar con una reacción en estado sólido y formación de ferrifayalita superficial. Entre los catalizadores reducidos frescos se encuentran diferencias estructurales que guardan directa relación con aquellas encontradas en los precursores. Esto indica la importancia de la adecuada selección de las variables operativas de los pretratamientos térmicos. Finalmente, el detallado conocimiento de las propiedades estructurales de los catalizadores permitió explicar los resultados de actividad y selectividad en la síntesis de Fischer-Tropsch (FT) en condiciones standard. De esta manera se estableció que los catalizadores con mayor actividad, mayor producción de olefinas y menor producción de metano son aquellos que poseen el mayor diámetro de cristal metálico y el mayor número de imperfecciones cristalinas. Además, se estableció que de los distintos tipos de posibles sitios activos de Fe°, los que presentan la mayor actividad son los que poseen el mayor número de primeros vecinos posibles.
Interacción entre lípidos y proteínas en la membrana microsomal: UDP - glucuronil transferasa
Authors:   , Castuma Celina Elisabet
Published: August 2020

Ya que nuestro conocimiento de los sistemas naturales se basa, en buena medida, en las propiedades de las membranas artificiales, comenzamos por analizar las características polimórficas, la estructura y la dinámica de organizaciones lipídicas. La complejidad crece en cada caso al mezclar lípidos con cabezas polares químicamente distintas, longitudes de cadena y grados de insaturación variables. Naturalmente, surgen las atracciones y repulsiones de las moléculas de fosfolípidos entre sí y con el colesterol, conduciendo a separaciones laterales de fases en el plano de la membrana. Las proteínas interrumpen la organización lamelar, modificando las propiedades físicas de los lípidos y presentando ellas mismas cambios en su conformación, generados por las moléculas del entorno. Si avanzamos un poco más, vemos que hasta la funcionalidad de la molécula proteica depende de su interacción con los demás componentes de la membrana: la actividad enzimática está modulada por la interacción lípido-proteína. Estas interacciones son estudiadas, generalmente, con proteínas purificadas en sistemas reconstituidos. Es cierto que este procedimiento permite el desarrollo de experimentos en condiciones controladas, así como la evaluación independiente de la relación causa-efecto para las distintas variables del sistema. Pero también es cierto que el método de purificación-re constitución destruye la compleja riqueza de la regulación en la membrana nativa. Las membranas naturales aparecen como estructuras dinámicas y altamente heterogéneas en el plano lateral y transversal, donde conviven estructuras lamelares con no-lamelares, gradientes de fluidez con "ánulus" inmovilizados, creando todos ellos el medio propicio, para la expresión de la actividad catalítica de las enzimas de membrana. Y es en una membrana natural donde se llevaron a cabo los experimentos para conocer las relaciones que vinculan la composición lipídica, la estructura dinámica y la cinética de enzimas de membrana, que se detallan en el presente trabajo.