bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating behavioural responses of macropods to drones
Authors: Teo Yee Von , Buettel Jessie , Turner Darren , Ringwaldt Elise , Brook Barry
Published: August 2023

Wildlife monitoring is a crucial component of conservation management,
with reliable field surveys being important for trend analysis and
population viability modelling. Unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS), also
known as drones, are rapidly supplanting manned aircraft for aerial
wildlife counts. Here we investigated and compared the impacts of drone
presence on two large terrestrial mammals from Tasmania,
Australia—Bennett’s wallaby (Notamacropus rufogriseus), and
Forester kangaroo (Macropus giganteus tasmaniensis) —using a
commercial quadcopter model: DJI Phantom 4 Pro. Further, a ground bird,
the domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), was used as a
model organism to further investigate behavioural responses of ‘aerial
aware’ species to drones. We found that M. giganteus tasmaniensis
and N. rufogriseus started to exhibit noticeable changes in
behaviour, including evasion, when the drone motor sound exceeded
~50 decibels (dB) as heard from the ground (at flight
altitudes of 30 – 50 m). At lower sound levels (48 dB and below, above
50 m), the animal’s response was minimal. The response of G.
gallus domesticus to the drone was remarkably similar to that of the
Macropus species, despite the species generally being more
susceptible to, and instinctively vigilant against drone-sized aerial
predators such as raptors. This study has established the baseline
information required to understand the limits of drone operations, in
terms of target disturbance, for macropod surveys.
Do plants need sleep and also have emotions? -- Medicinal plants, lifestyle, and herbal cultivation
Authors: Hu Chunsong
Published: August 2023

Since a magic “polypill” – the
“Environment-Sleep-Emotion-Exercise-Diet” intervention [E(e)SEEDi]
was discovered in 2018, it plays a pivotal role in control and
prevention of human disease due to improvement of immunity by healthy
lifestyle. It can be said that it is applicable, as long as one is a
human and survival. However, do plants also need the magic “polypill”?
When plants need a suitable environment, rational internal exercise, and
balancing nutrients (fertilizers, herbicides, nutrients, pesticides, and
others), do they also need sleep? And have also emotions like humans?
These are interesting questions. Currently, obvious climate change
threats herbal cultivation in both China and the globe, in particular
the pandemic and post-COVID-19 era. Only when we understand and confirm
that plants also need sleep and have emotions, can we better protect
medicinal plants and promote herb cultivation and healthy growth, since
traditional Chinese herbs have a good efficacy in combating
cardiovascular disease.
Rapid evolution drives increased function of a complex microbial community
Authors: Sierocinski Pawel , Bayer Florian , Hesse Elze , Buckling Angus
Published: August 2023

Evolution occurring over ecological time scales can affect community
functions both directly and indirectly, via changes in community
composition. This interplay between ecology and evolution makes
identifying the role of rapid evolution in shaping the functioning of
complex natural communities challenging. We used a methanogenic
community from an anaerobic digester to investigate the potential
importance of rapid evolution in shaping community methane production.
To disentangle evolutionary and ecological processes, we pre-adapted the
community to a novel feedstock in laboratory anaerobic fermenters for 6
weeks and then inoculated 1% back into the ancestral community. This
allowed the introduction of any within-taxa genetic changes that
occurred over the pre-adaptation period, while minimally altering the
taxonomic composition of the community. The addition of the pre-adapted
inoculum increased biogas production by ~10% over 6
weeks compared to a control treatment without the addition, with the
corresponding minor changes in community composition unable to explain
this increase. These findings suggest that rapid adaptive evolution can
play an important role in shaping the structure and function of natural
microbial communities and provide a novel approach to enhancing
microbial community functions.
Identifying Vulnerabilities to NSAID Adverse Events in the US Population: An Analysis of Pre-Existing Conditions and Sex
Authors: Rogers Paul , Wang Dong , Zhiyuan Lu , Lyn-Cook Beverly
Published: August 2023

Purpose: In 2005, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued
a decision memorandum regarding nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs). The memorandum recommended the withdrawal of certain NSAIDs
due to potential cardiovascular adverse effects. It highlighted the
issue of cardiovascular risk associated with NSAIDs as a class. The
NSAID medication guide includes a wide range of adverse drug reactions
(ADRs), such as increased blood pressure, liver failure, allergic
reactions, heart attack, and intestinal bleeding. Although both sexes
have an increased risk of ADRs with NSAID use, females have a greater
risk than males due to differences in pharmacodynamics and higher
medication concentrations (mg/kg). The prevalence of NSAIDs and the
disparity in risk of ADRs by sex within this class of medications make
this a significant public health issue. This study quantifies
sex-specific differences and other factors associated with prescription
NSAID use. Method: The data for this study was obtained from
the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a complex
survey conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
in two-year cycles. NHANES is designed to make inferences about the
health of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population. A
survey-weighted logistic regression model was utilized to investigate
potential sex differences with prescription NSAIDs in the context of
other factors including kidney disease, hypertension, liver disease,
insurance status, coronary heart disease, and age within the 2011-2018
NHANES survey data. Results: Females reported a slightly higher
percentage of high blood pressure and kidney disease than males, while
males reported a slightly higher percentage of coronary heart and liver
disease than females. Furthermore, a larger percentage of females
reported having health insurance coverage than males. Last, the model
indicated that females were 58% more likely to have used a prescription
NSAID than males. Conclusion: The results confirm that women
and people with medical conditions, who would potentially suffer greater
harm from NSAID ADRs, are more likely to use a prescription NSAID than
individuals without these conditions. Therefore, it is crucial to
continue investigating the safety and efficacy of medications,
particularly in specific populations, to reduce the risk of harmful side
effects from medication use.
Numerical Solution for nonlinear Volterra-Fredholm Integro-Differential Equations using Adomian and Modified Adomian Decomposition Method
Authors: Ahmad Najmuddin , Ansari Asiya
Published: August 2023

In this article, the Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM) and
Modified Adomian Decomposition Method (MADM) are introduced to provide
the approximate solutions for Volterra-Fredholm Integro-differential
equations. Moreover, we prove the existence and uniqueness results and
convergence of the solutions. To arrive at that conclusion, an algorithm
is used. Additionally, examples of deterministic models in graphs and
tables are used to perform the convergence analysis of the proposed
technique.
Well-posedness of QSDEs driven by fermion Brownian motion in noncommutative Lp -space
Authors: Wang Shan , Jing Guangdong , Wang Penghui
Published: August 2023

This paper is concerned with quantum stochastic differential equations
driven by the fermion field in noncommutative space L p ( C ) for
p>2. We investigate the existence and uniqueness of
L p -solution of quantum stochastic differential equations in infinite
time horizon by the Burkholder-Gundy inequalities for noncommutative
martingales given by Pisier and Xu. Finally, we obtain Markov property
and the self-adjointness which is of great significance in the study of
optimal control problems. 2020 AMS Subject Classification:
46L51, 47J25, 60H10, 81J25.
LIFE HISTORY EVOLUTION IN A COMMUNITY CONTEXT
Authors: Bassar Ronald , Jansujwicz Eliza , Travis Joseph
Published: August 2023

Life histories are predicted to evolve when the age schedules of
mortality shift due to top-down forces such as predation. Theory on how
competitive interactions alter the life history is rare. We use an
explicit consumer-resource model to show that changes in the way
organisms interact with their resources and changes in the properties of
those resources can alter the optimal life history of a consumer. When
older/larger organisms are better competitors, delayed maturity can be
favored. When older/larger individuals are better competitors but also
shift their resource use with age or size, alternative life histories
are possible. We further show that when two species compete for shared
resources, selection tends to make the life histories of the two
competitors more similar. These results, some of which are opposite to
predictions from traditional theory, illustrate the importance of
incorporating explicit interactions between trophic levels into models
for life history evolution.
Betulinic acid confers antiviral resistance to turnip mosaic virus through boosting the phytosulfokine signaling in plant
Authors: Li Pengbai , Jing Xinxin , Wang Pengyue , Huang Ziting , Zhang Xiaoli , Xiang Meirong , Wang Chaonan , Sun Bingjian , Li Honglian , Zhang Chao
Published: August 2023

Plant virus disease is one of the most threatening diseases in
agricultural production, and the availability of effective drugs against
viral diseases remains limited. Here, we discovered that betulinic acid
(BA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid derived from natural plants, exhibits
stable resistance to turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) in Nicotiana
benthamiana. Through transcriptomic analysis and RT-qPCR assay, we have
demonstrated that BA treatment specifically induces the expression of
phytosulfokine 3 (PSK3), a plant pentapeptide hormone that fulfills a
wide range of functions, while TuMV infection suppresses its expression.
Further study showed that NbPSK3 positively regulates TuMV infection.
Disruption of PSK signaling by targeting the membrane-bound PSK
receptors (PSKRs) also promotes viral infection. Furthermore, exogenous
PSK treatment could significantly enhance the resistance of N.
benthamiana to TuMV compared with the dPSK or control treatments, and
the silencing receptor NbPSKR1 abolishes the ability of PSK to
inhibit TuMV infection. Meanwhile, BA inhibition of TuMV infection is
dependent on PSK-PSKR signaling pathway. Overall, these results not only
highlight the potential of BA as a promising and environmentally
friendly agent for preventing plant viral diseases but also emphasize
the importance of the PSK signaling pathway in enhancing TuMV resistance
for crop improvement.
Client Employee Training and Audit Efficiency
Authors: Friedrich Christian , Knechel W. Robert , Sofla Amin S. , Zuiddam Victor S.
Published: August 2023

We investigate whether client employee training facilitates a more efficient audit. Our hypothesis is that training improves the ability of the client personnel to process transactions accurately, improve internal control, and contribute to evidence gathering and information sharing in the conduct of the audit. Using a large sample of Belgian private firms with data on employee training, we find that a one standard deviation increase in clients’ training cost (hours) reduces audit fees by approximately 3.4 percent (1.7 percent). The effect is stronger for clients with highly educated employees. Using the Belgian labor status reform of 2014 as a natural experiment, we show that improving job security also reduces audit fees and enhances the negative association between training and audit fees. Consistent with higher audit efficiency, we also find a negative association between training and report lags. However, we find no association between training and audit quality.
The Deterrence Effects of Whistleblowing Provisions, Corporate Governance Culture, and Machiavellianism
Authors: Lowe D. Jordan , Reckers Philip M. J.
Published: August 2023

Corporate fraud imposes significant costs on stakeholders. Accordingly, firms strive to deter fraud ex ante and detect fraud ex post. Using a sample of experienced business managers, we experimentally examine the degree to which selected whistleblowing incentives provisions and a strong corporate governance culture serve ex ante to deter complicity in fraudulent financial reporting by increasing the perceived likelihood that observed violations will be reported. We find that reward provisions marginally increase perceived risks compared to a control condition, whereas penalty provisions significantly increase perceived risks. We also find that the existence of a stronger (compared to a weaker) corporate governance culture increases perceptions that observed violations will be reported; but greater Machiavellianism leads to diminished perceptions of risk. Additionally, we find that the influence of whistleblowing incentives provisions only manifest among participants low in Machiavellianism. We conclude by discussing the contributions of our research and by suggesting future research.

Data Availability: The data are available from the authors upon request.
Practitioner Perspectives on Going Concern Opinion Research and Suggestions for Further Study: Part 1—Outcomes and Consequences
Authors: Geiger Marshall A. , Gold Anna , Wallage Philip
Published: August 2023

SYNOPSIS

Auditing researchers rarely engage practicing auditors regarding the phenomena examined, or conclusions reached, in academic research. In an attempt to bridge this gap, we report on the outcomes, insights, and observations from focused interactions with Dutch audit practitioners regarding their perspectives on recent research regarding auditor going concern opinion (GCO) decisions. We provided practitioners with a summary of some of the most salient recent GCO research findings and the goals of our subsequent discussions were to (1) obtain practitioners’ responses to the research findings, and (2) identify relevant issues for future study from the perspective of practitioners. Accordingly, we report on our discussions with practitioners and provide a summary of practitioner-informed GCO-related future research topics. In this first of a two-part sequence, we provide background information relating to our practitioner interactions, and summarize our discussions pertaining to GCO outcomes and GCO consequences, as well as future research.

JEL Classifications: M42.
VAT Adoption and Corporate Income Tax Avoidance
Authors: Cheng C. S. Agnes , Hsieh Chih-Chieh , Lin Kenny Z.
Published: August 2023

This study provides evidence of the relationship between adopting a value-added tax (VAT) and corporate income tax avoidance. Our analysis exploits the staggered replacement of retail sales tax with VAT in China between 2012 and 2019. Based on a sample of 6,948 firm-years, we find that firms affected by the VAT reform are associated with an increase in their book (cash) effective income tax rates by 1.4 (2.2) percentage points. Such an effect is more pronounced among firms that make the most of their sales to businesses than individuals and among those that are located in regions with low social trust and tax enforcement levels. Additional test results show that changes in ETRs are not mechanically driven by changes in sales and costs and consumption taxes brought about by the reform. While aiming to eliminate double taxation, the VAT reform generates a positive externality for income tax collection.

JEL Classifications: H25; H26; K42.
International Financial Reporting Standards and the Macroeconomy
Authors: Kausar Asad , Park You-il
Published: August 2023

Using a generalized aggregate-level difference-in-differences analysis across 32 countries over the 1991–2017 period, we find that the ability of aggregate earnings to predict one-year ahead GDP growth is greater for countries that adopted International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) than those that did not. IFRS adoption also enables aggregate earnings to better predict growth in GDP components and related factors. We show that aggregate accruals drive this effect, not aggregate cash flows. The mechanism for the enhanced predictive ability of IFRS-based aggregate earnings for future GDP growth is due to fair value-based accruals, which we proxy with IFRS-driven special items. In additional analyses, we find that our main results are stronger for adopting countries with greater differences between local accounting standards and IFRS and robust to controls for enforcement. Our findings suggest that IFRS adoption improves aggregate earnings’ ability to reflect fundamental economic news in a timely manner.

Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

JEL Classifications: E01; F00; M41; O50.
The relationship between time-varying achieved HbA1c and risk of coronary events depends on haptoglobin phenotype among White and Black ACCORD participants
Authors: Cahill Leah E , Warren Rachel A , Carew Allie S , Levy Andrew P. , Ginsberg Henry N. , Sapp John , Lache Orit , Rimm Eric B
Published: August 2023

Objective: Intensive glycemic therapy reduced coronary artery disease (CAD) events among White ACCORD study participants with the haptoglobin (Hp)2-2 phenotype, while participants without the Hp2-2 phenotype had no CAD benefit. The association between achieved glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and CAD for each Hp phenotype remains unknown.

Methods: Achieved HbA1c was similar in each phenotype throughout the study. Prospectively collected HbA1c data (categorized as <6.0%, 6.0-6.5%, 6.6-6.9% or ≥8.0% compared to 7.0-7.9%) from the ACCORD study, updated every 4 months over a median of 4.7 years, were analyzed in relation to CAD in the Hp2-2 (n=3322) and non-Hp2-2 (n=5949) phenotypes separately, overall and within White (63%, 37% Hp2-2) and Black (19%, 26% Hp2-2) participants using Cox proportional hazards regression with time-varying covariables.

Results: Compared to HbA1c of 7.0-7.9%, having HbA1c ≥8.0% was associated with CAD risk among White (1.43, 1.03-1.98) and Black (2.86, 1.09-7.51) participants with the Hp2-2 phenotype, but not when all Hp2-2 participants were combined overall (1.30, 0.99-1.70), and not among participants without the Hp2-2 phenotype. HbA1c <7.0% was not associated with a lower risk of CAD for any Hp phenotype.

Conclusions: Achieving HbA1c >8.0% compared to 7.0-7.9% was consistently associated with incident CAD risk among White and Black ACCORD participants with the Hp2-2 phenotype while no association was observed among participants without the Hp2-2 phenotype. We found no evidence that HbA1c concentration <7.0% prevents CAD in either Hp phenotype group.
Sensitizing capacity of 4,4(1)-dihydroxy-(hydroxymethyl)-diphenyl methanes in the guinea pig
Authors: Bruze M.
Published: August 2023

The sensitizing capacity of 4,4(1)-dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-diphenyl methane (4,4(1)-H-3-HPM), 4,4(1)-dihydroxy-3,3(1)-di-(hydroxymethyl)-diphenyl methane 4,4(1)-H-3,3(1)--HPM) and 4,4(1)-dihydroxy-3,5-di-(hydroxymethyl)-diphenyl methane (4,4(1)-H-3,5-HPM) was investigated using the guinea pig maximization text. These compounds are known contact sensitizers in phenol-formaldehyde resins (P-F-R). The study was performed in order to assess and compare the degrees of the sensitizing capacities of these chemically related substances. The animals were also rechallenged with the sensitizer and 5 related compounds, all known to be present in P-F-R, in order to study the cross-reaction patterns. 4,4(1)-H-3,3(1)-HPM was demonstrated to be a strong sensitizer and 4,4(1)-H-3-HPM and 4,4(1)-H-3,5-HPM to be moderate sensitizers. With 4,4(1)-H-3,3(1)-HPM as the sensitizer, 4,4(1)-H-3-HPM and 4,4(1)-H-3,5-HPM were cross-reacting substances and simple methylol phenols were possible cross-reacting compounds. Possible cross-reactivity were indicated between the three 4,4(1)-H-HPM when 4,4(1)-H-3-HPM and 4,4(1)-H-3,5-HPM respectively were the sensitizers. The chemical investigation by high pressure liquid chromatography indicated that the compounds tested were pure and separable.
Dermatitis herpetiformis: selective deposition of immunoglobulin A1 in granular deposits in clinically normal skin
Authors: Egelrud T.
Published: August 2023

The subclass composition of IgA in granular deposits in the papillary dermis of clinically normal skin taken from 12 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) was determined using monoclonal IgA-subclass specific antibodies and immunofluorescence microscopy. In skin from one patient with extensive deposits of IgA minute amounts of IgA2 could be detected whereas IgA1 was found in all the biopsies examined. These findings favour the postulation that properties of certain IgA-molecules other than their antigen-binding specificity may cause their deposition in DH.
Dynamic changes in the epidermal OKT6 positive cells at mild irritant reactions in human skin
Authors: Lindberg M , Emtestam L.
Published: August 2023

In the present study we induced mild irritant contact reactions by using 0.5% sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) in distilled water or with distilled water in patch tests for 6 or 24 hours. The biopsies were taken at 6, 24, 48 and 96 hours. Light and electron microscopy were used to assess the irritant reactions produced and the monoclonal antibody OKT6 was used for the detection of the LCs. The number of the epidermal OKT6 positive dendritic cells was found to be increased at 48 and 96 hours after the exposure to SLS and at 96 hours in the water patch tests. It is concluded that mild irritant stimuli cause an increase in the LCs (OKT6 positive cells) and thus might influence and modulate the response to subsequent exposures to allergens.
Diagnostic value of Tzanck smear in herpetic and non-herpetic vesicular and bullous skin disorders in pediatric practice
Authors: Oranje AP , Folkers E , Choufoer-Habova J , Duivenvoorden JN.
Published: August 2023

The diagnostic value of the Tzanck smear was investigated in 76 patients of a pediatric hospital population suffering from vesicular, erosive or bullous skin disorders. Examination took place by two investigators together (AB), besides the smears were examined by two others (C and D) double blind. Sensitivity for patients with clinical herpetic infections was greater than 80%, specificity for those without herpetic infections was greater than 90%. These figures are higher than expected from literature. Reliability was also high; between the three investigators no significant differences were found. The Tzanck smear is simple, inexpensive, easy to perform and rapid; it does not require a specialized laboratory, but experience and correct technique of sampling is required.
Carrier identification in steroid sulphatase deficiency and recessive X-linked ichthyosis
Authors: Lykkesfeldt G , Lykkesfeldt AE.
Published: August 2023

Steroid sulphatase (STS) activity was measured with tritiated dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and oestrone sulphate (OES) in leucocytes as well as in skin fibroblasts from 31 women who were presumed to be carriers of STS deficiency and recessive X-linked ichthyosis. Overall, 30 of the 31 women (96.8%) could be identified as heterozygotes in at least one of the four assay systems used, i.e. on the basis of having an STS activity below the 2.5 percentile calculated for normal control females. In the individual assay systems, the highest carrier detection rate was achieved with OES in leucocytes (96.2%), followed by DHEAS in leucocytes (80.8%), whereas a more pronounced overlap was present in the fibroblast systems. In leucocytes as well as in fibroblasts, the STS activity determined with DHEAS was positively correlated with the STS activity determined with OES (p less than 0.001) suggesting that a single sulphatase is responsible for the hydrolysis of both steroid sulphates.
Quantification of the nail fold capillary abnormalities in systemic sclerosis and Raynaud´s syndrome
Authors: Statham BN , Rowell NR.
Published: August 2023

Measurements were made of capillary luminal diameters and capillary numbers in four groups: 19 normal controls 10 patients with ´idiopathic´ Raynaud´s disease, 12 patients with Raynaud´s phenomenon with an underlying connective tissue disease other than systemic sclerosis, and 18 patients with systemic sclerosis. There was a significant reduction of capillary numbers in all three patient groups compared with the normal controls. Both the afferent and efferent luminal diameters were also increased in each patient group. Patients with Raynaud´s phenomenon, either on its own or associated with connective tissue disease, gave results intermediate between normal controls and patients with systemic sclerosis. There were no significant correlations between either the reduction in capillary numbers or increase in luminal diameter with disease severity or duration in systemic sclerosis. It is unlikely that capillary microscopy will provide useful prognostic information for an individual patient with systemic sclerosis; its predictive value in Raynaud´s disease must await the outcome of long term follow-up studies.
Malignancy in seborrheic keratoses
Authors: Clemmensen OJ , Sjølin KE.
Published: August 2023

Among 5 500 seborrheic keratoses 3 were found with marked squamous cell atypia. Clinically they were seborrheic keratoses. Even though they were incompletely removed, no recurrences were observed. In contrast to some reports in the literature we regard these lesions as biologically benign, and suggest that they be treated accordingly.
HLA-B 16 in Hailey-Hailey´s disease
Authors: Malchus R , Marsch WC , Ehlers G.
Published: August 2023

Hailey-Hailey´s disease is an autosomal hereditary disease of the skin for which only few data exist in regard to genetic markers concerning the HLA system. We report on HLA-A, B and C typing results finding an increased frequency of 55.5% HLA-B 16 positive patients compared to 8.2% in healthy controls.
The effect of oral zinc administration on sebum free fatty acids in acne vulgaris
Authors: Rebello T , Atherton DJ , Holden C.
Published: August 2023

Free fatty acids in sebum arise from lipolytic action of bacterial lipases. We have demonstrated an inhibitory effect of zinc on the lipase of the three Propionibacterium species found in human pilosebaceous follicles. We were also able to show a small corresponding fall in the free fatty acid content of skin surface lipid in vivo in acne patients treated with zinc, though this failed to reach statistical significance.
Treatment of psoriatic arthropathy with etretinate: a two-year follow-up
Authors: Chieregato GC , Leoni A.
Published: August 2023

In psoriatic arthropathy the data obtained after two years of etretinate treatment in 20 adult male patients, are reported. The beneficial effects of the drug on the objective symptoms are accompanied by an improvement in the biohumoral parameters evaluated. The dose was 1 mg/kg/day for one month, with subsequent adjustments in relation to the results obtained with a maintenance dose of 25 mg/day, or where possible, 10 mg/day, or on alternate days, for a maximum period of 25 months. The side effects appeared to be of an acceptable degree of severity. The authors consider etretinate one of the drugs of first choice in the treatment of psoriatic arthropathy.
Acetylation phenotype and skin complexion
Authors: Rampen FH , Van der Meer HL , Stolk LM.
Published: August 2023

The relationship of acetylation phenotype to skin complexion was studied in 155 healthy Caucasians. Individuals received 500 mg sulphadimidine at 11.00 p.m.; urine was collected eight hours later. The percentage of acetylated sulphadimidine in urine was measured with high performance liquid chromatography. There was a slight but insignificant preponderance of slow acetylators in the dark skin types. It is concluded that slow acetylation phenotype is not correlated with light skin complexion. Therefore, it is unlikely that acetylation of xenobiotic carcinogens plays a dominant role in melanoma risk.
The regulation of subcutaneous blood flow in patient with Dercum´s disease
Authors: Skagen K , Petersen P , Kastrup J , Nørgaard T.
Published: August 2023

Dercum´s disease or adiposis dolorosa is a poorly understood disorder with painful fatty deposits in the skin localized to the lower extremities. The etiology is unknown. In such a patient the mechanisms of local regulation of blood flow in subcutaneous tissue was investigated by the local 133Xenon washout technique. The patient was reinvestigated one week after treatment with intravenous lidocaine. The local vasoconstrictor response to increase in venous transmural pressure was not present in this patient, but reappeared after lidocaine treatment. Autoregulation of blood flow in subcutaneous tissue was present before as well as after lidocaine treatment. It seems likely that a pain elicited increase in sympathetic activity in the vasoconstrictor fibres abolished the normal vasoconstrictor response to increase in venous transmural pressure. The mechanism of pain relief after intravenous lidocaine infusion is uncertain, but central as well as peripheral mechanisms may be considered.
The epidermal Langerhans´ cell population in psoriasis during topical coal tar therapy
Authors: Puttick LM , Johnson GD , Walker L.
Published: August 2023

We have studied the effect on the Langerhans´ cell (LC) population of topical 3% coal tar therapy. Biopsies were taken from psoriatic plaques and from controls with no skin disease before and after the application of 3% coal tar for one week; LC were identified by immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibody. LC counts expressed per unit epidermal surface length were similar in untreated psoriasis plaques and in normal skin. Differences in the LC population in paired biopsies from both patients and controls showed considerable variation following coal tar treatment but no consistent effect could be demonstrated.
Treatment of erosive lichen planus with dapsone
Authors: Beck HI , Brandrup F.
Published: August 2023

A 74-year-old woman with a chronic, severe, erosive lichen planus on the tongue, buccal mucosa and toes was treated successfully with dapsone. Previous therapy had failed, Partly due to side effects.
Distribution of circulating mononuclear cells in short-term PUVA-treated psoriatic patients and healthy subjects
Authors: Larussa FM , Larocca LM , Venier A , Zollino M , Rusciani L , Serri F.
Published: August 2023

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), as defined by monoclonal antibodies (OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, OK 1, Leu 7, Leu 11b) were determined in 10 psoriatic patients and in 10 healthy subjects before and after administration of short-term PUVA therapy. A comparison of the mean baseline percentages of the two groups showed a statistically significant increase in Leu 7+ cells (p less than 0.001) as well as a slight increase in OKM1 and OKT8 positive cells in the psoriatic subjects. After 21 exposures, these subsets showed a reduction towards control values, while a significant increase in OKT3 and OKT4 positive cells (p less than 0.01) could be observed only in the control group. These results indicate that short-term PUVA therapy is associated with changes in PBMC subpopulations. This modification, however, does not necessarily imply a disturbance of immune system function, including natural killer activity.
Decreased natural killer cell activity in lichen ruber planus
Authors: Hunyadi J , Simon Jr M , Kornacher J , Hornstein OP.
Published: August 2023

Natural killer cell (NK) activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes in 15 patients with moderate to exanthematic lichen ruber planus (LP) was studied. Markedly diminished NK response in patients with LP was revealed as compared with that of healthy controls. Decreased NK activity found in LP was supposed to be a secondary phenomenon.
Milk causes a rapid urticarial reaction on the skin of children with atopic dermatitis and milk allergy
Authors: Salo OP , Mäkinen-Kiljunen S , Juntunen K.
Published: August 2023

Open skin challenge test with whole milk and its large and small molecular fractions was performed on intact skin of children with atopic dermatitis and suspicion of milk allergy. Of the 51 children challenged with milk 35 reacted within minutes with contact urticaria. The large molecular (m.w. greater than 10,000 d) fraction gave an urticarial reaction as often as whole milk, whereas the small molecular fraction gave only a few positive reactions. These were obviously caused by alpha-lactalbumin which was present only in small amounts in the small molecular fraction. These findings indicate that immediate contact allergy to relevant food allergens can be very common in children with atopic dermatitis and that the large molecular antigens readily penetrate children´s skin.
The importance of anamnestic information of atopy, metal dermatitis and earlier hand eczema for the development of hand dermatitis in women in wet hospital work
Authors: Nilsson E , Bäck O.
Published: August 2023

By means of a prospective study design and multivariate regression analyses we have studied the relative importance of atopy, metal dermatitis and earlier hand eczema as risk factors for the development of hand eczema in women during 20 months of "wet" hospital work. The population consisted of 1857 women. The prevalence of hand eczema during the observation period was 41%. The risk of developing hand eczema was calculated as predicted relative odds ratios. The interrelationship of the risk factors was analysed. A summarized description of this analysis shows that a history of earlier hand eczema increased the odds by 12.9 times, a history of metal dermatitis by 1.8 times and atopic dermatitis and atopic mucosal symptoms by 1.3 times. Thus a history of earlier hand eczema seems of crucial importance for the occurrence of hand eczema in women in ´wet´ hospital work. Our hypothesis is that a history of earlier hand eczema may be considered a major indicator of a skin vulnerability factor predisposing the individual to hand eczema. If the hypothesis is true, this factor may be present approximately in one half of the subjects with atopic dermatitis, in one fourth of the subjects with atopic mucosal symptoms and in one fifth of the non-atopics.
Immunohistological evaluation of alopecia areata treated with squaric acid dibutylester (SADBE)
Authors: Johansson E , Ranki A , Reunala T , Kianto U , Niemi KM.
Published: August 2023

A total of 19 patients with alopecia areata volunteered for serial biopsies of the scalp skin during SADBE treatment. Regrowth of terminal hair was seen in 12 of the 19 patients on the side of the scalp treated with SADBE for a minimum of four months, but not on a control side treated with sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS). Immunocompetent cells were characterized with ANAE staining and monoclonal antibodies in biopsy specimen showing marked peribulbar and perivascular inflammatory cell infiltrates. Inflammatory cell subclasses were repeatedly evaluated during SADBE treatment. No specific alterations in lymphocyte subclasses and macrophages were seen in relation to the hair growth response. In immunofluorescent studies it was found that in patients with regrowth of hair, immunoglobulins, fibrin and complement, appeared in the hair bulb and along the basement membrane during the treatment. Results were negative in patients without regrowth of terminal hair and in SLS-treated skin. As we could not demonstrate that any cell-mediated mechanism was involved, we suggest that SADBE may induce terminal hair growth through as yet uncharacterized mediators.
Hydrolysis of hydrocortisone 17-butyrate 21-propionate by cultured human keratinocytes
Authors: Kitano Y.
Published: August 2023

Hydrolysis of 17-butyrate 21-propionate (HBP) by human keratinocytes was studied using an in vitro system. In the culture of human keratinocytes 1.308 nmole/ml of hydrocortisone 17-butyrate (de-esterified HBP at the position of 21) was found at 1 h after the addition of 10 nmole/ml HBP. At 6 h most of HBP was de-esterified to become HB17 and a small amount of hydrocortisone 21-propionate (de-esterified HBP at the position of 17) was detected. Hydrocortisone (HC) was not detectable. These results indicate that when HBP is applied on the skin, it is hydrolyzed at the position of 21, and reaches the dermis where it finds the way to get into the systemic circulation. The intracellular concentration of HBP was estimated to be more than 5 times its extracellular concentration and its accumulation was higher than HC. These results were discussed in relation to the potentiation of local antiinflammatory action and the reduction of systemic effects of topical glucocorticoid.
A Critical Realist Critique of “Measurement in Quantitative Educational Research: An Instrumental Mistake?” by Sigve Høgheim
Authors: Price Leigh
Published: August 2023

Both Sigve Høgheim and I advance a similar critique of representationalism, operationalism and construct validity as found in psychology. Our respective critiques hinge on the way that these concepts do not adequately consider the ontological question about the reality of our constructs. Høgheim suggests that we can circumvent the problem by returning to the classic definition of measurement which avoids “coding,” but I think that avoiding coding (representation, modelling, theorising) is impossible. Instead of trying to avoid it, I suggest that we embrace it, using a number of critical realist concepts such as emergence, layered reality, retroduction, judgemental rationalism and the semiotic triangle. I also argue that the current approach to operationalism reflects a deep contradiction, known as the epistemic fallacy, in which scientists reduce questions of ontology to questions of epistemology. Nevertheless, despite their contradictory version of science, research scientists in the fields of psychology and education still manage to discover things about the world, but in order to do so, they need to break their own rules. Høgheim wants such scientists to avoid the contradiction – the breaking of the rules of science – by remaining faithful to Euclid, Newton, and Descartes. On the contrary, I suggest that the contradiction can be avoided by changing the theory of science to a more adequate, critical realist version that better reflects the scientific practice of psychologists and educators.
Optimization of Aqua Gallon Water Distribution Cost at Mega Mas Water Depot by VAM and MODI
Authors: Fatikasari Najma , Yasinta Bhernita Mila , Albar Wakhid Fitri
Published: August 2023

This study aims to obtain optimal distribution costs for selling gallons of water at the Air Mega Mas Depot, Sekaran. The data analysis method used is the transportation method, using the VAM (Vogel's Approximation Method) method for the initial solution and the optimal test using the MODI (Modified Distribution) method. Air Mega Mas Depot is faced with the problem of increasing marketing costs due to the lack of regular distribution patterns from the source to the marketing destination, so the company tries to optimize the transportation costs incurred. The distribution of gallon water products at the Air Mega Mas Depot using the transportation method gets optimal results. The costs incurred by the Air Mega Mas Depot for the distribution of gallons of water for a 2-month period (March-April) are Rp. 2.520.000 while for the optimal calculation results for the distribution of gallons of water, a cost of IDR 2.435.000 is obtained. Based on this analysis, Air Mega Mas Depot can optimize distribution costs for the March-April period of IDR 85.000.
Issledovanie antibakterial'noj, antiadgezivnoj i antibioplenkoobrazuyushchej aktivnosti rastitel'nyh kompleksov v otnoshenii parodontopatogennyh bakterij in vitro
Authors: Носова М. А. , Латиф И. И. , Краева Л. А. , Хамдулаева Г. Н. , Шаров А. Н. , Копецкий И. С. , Еремин Д. А. , Постникова Е. В. , Постников М. А.
Published: August 2023

Parodontit — aktual'naya problema v Rossii i v mire, trebuyushchaya regulyarnoj adaptacii skhem lecheniya i reabilitacii iz-za dinamichno menyayushchejsya parodontopatogennoj flory. Klassicheskaya terapiya kupirovaniya ostrogo processa vklyuchaet ispol'zovanie himicheskogo antiseptika hlorgeksidin 0,2–0,12%, effektivnogo tol'ko do trekh nedel' primeneniya vvidu adaptacii patogennoj flory. Rastitel'nye kompleksy s antisepticheskim dejstviem v poslednie gody zarekomendovali sebya kak sposobnye zamestit' klassicheskuyu terapiyu. Ochevidno, chto raznye formy vypuska imeyut raznuyu effektivnost'. Staphylococcus aureus v polosti rta sluzhit markerom parodontita. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii obladayut markerami virulentnosti v kachestve kopatogenov pri parodontite. Cel'yu issledovaniya bylo vyyavit' rastitel'nye preparaty dlya bor'by s perechislennymi mikrobami, a takzhe s Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus salivarius, Enterococcus faecalis. Provodili sravnitel'nuyu ocenku antibakterial'noj, antiadgezivnoj i antibioplenkoobrazuyushchej aktivnosti otechestvennyh sredstv «Fitodent» iz rastitel'nogo syr'ya: vodnyh, vodno-spirtovyh i maslyanyh rastvorov; gelevyh form. Naibol'shaya antibakterial'naya, antiadgezivnaya i antibioplenochnaya effektivnost' obnaruzhena u form s dlitel'noj ekspoziciej — gelej, sopostavimaya — u sredstv s sinteticheskimi i s rastitel'nymi antiseptikami, a takzhe u form s maksimal'noj koncentraciej rastitel'nyh antiseptikov — eliksira. Vodnye i maslyanye formy za schet men'shej koncentracii i sravnitel'no korotkogo vremeni kontakta imeyut men'shuyu effektivnost'. Poluchennye rezul'taty podtverzhdayut rezul'taty klinicheskih nablyudenij za primeneniem sredstv «Fitodent» v kachestve uhoda za polost'yu rta pri lechenii i profilaktike parodontita. Rekomendovany dal'nejshie sravnitel'nye issledovaniya kompozicij, perekrestnye i sravnitel'nye issledovaniya v zavisimosti ot chastoty primeneniya i vremeni vozdejstviya i s titrovaniem koncentracij aktivnyh komponentov, v tom chisle na smeshannyh bioplenkah.
“Enfermó y toda la familia enfermamos, todos colapsamos”. Cuidados en la enfermedad y los impactos en la salud de las madres cuidadoras
Authors: López Pacheco Marcela , López Sánchez Oliva
Published: August 2023

El cuidado a la salud y el bienestar familiar se ha instaurado a lo largo de la historia como una labor de mujeres y parte del rol materno. Atender, apoyar y proveer de lo necesario a una persona, implica una disposición corporal, afectiva y cotidiana que en ocasiones impacta la salud de quien asume esas tareas, que —por lo regular— están invisibilizadas por el entorno social. Este artículo tiene como propósito indagar acerca de las complicaciones físicas y emocionales de las mujeres que cuidan y atienden a hijas con padecimientos crónico-degenerativos, inmunológicos y neurológicos diversos, posteriores a la aplicación de la vacuna contra el virus del papiloma humano (vph). Tras el confinamiento por causa del covid-19 y las limitaciones de todo encuentro físico, se optó por un análisis cualitativo que incluyó una observación de los contenidos y publicación en el perfil de Facebook Afectadas México Vacuna Papiloma Humano, así como entrevistas presenciales y en línea a diez madres cuidadoras. Desde la noción de la ética del cuidado se encontró una notable desatención que repercute en la aparición de cuadros de depresión agudos, alteraciones en los ciclos del sueño, sobrepeso y otras afectaciones físicas y mentales de importancia que las desafía como efecto de su labor como cuidadoras
Convolutional Neural Network untuk mengklasifikasi tingkat keparahan jerawat
Authors: Rianto Rianto , Risdho Listianto Demas
Published: August 2023

Klasifikasi merupakan salah satu metode yang digunakan dalam ilmu medis khususnya untuk deteksi dini ataupun klasifikasi jenis penyakit. Dalam ilmu kesehatan kulit, klasifikasi dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi jenis dan tingkat keparahan jerawat sehingga dapat ditentukan cara pengobatannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model klasifikasi jenis dan tingkat keparahan jerawat menggunakan Deep Learning dengan Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Label yang digunakan dalam data latih terdiri dari level 0, 1, dan 2 yang merepresentasikan tingkat keparahan jerawat. Model pengklasifikasi dikembangkan menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari www.kaggle.com dengan masing-masing label berjumlah 500 citra. Optimizer yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah ADAM dengan membandingkan jumlah epoch mulai dari 50, 80, sampai dengan 100. Hasil akurasi dalam data latih yang diperoleh adalah 0.6363, 0.8783, dan 0.9234.
Particle Swarm Optimization dan Genetic Algorithm untuk analisis sentimen pemekaran Papua di Twitter berbasis Support Vector Machine
Authors: Purnamasari Desi , Anshary Muhammad Adi Khairul , Rianto Rianto
Published: August 2023

Support Vector Machine (SVM) dapat digunakan untuk mengklasifikasikan analisis sentimen ke dalam sentimen positif atau negatif. Dalam penelitian ini data sentimen diambil dari Twitter dengan topik pemekaran Papua. Karena SVM memiliki kelemahan dalam pemilihan fitur pada saat pengklasifikasian maka diterapkan fitur optimasi algoritma SVM menggunakan feature selection. Dua metode feature selection yang digunakan adalah Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) dan Genetic Algorithm (GA). Tweet yang diambil sebanyak 839 data tweet, yang kemudian dibagi menjadi 640 data untuk proses training dan 199 data untuk proses testing. Proses pengolahan data dibagi ke dalam dua tahap yakni data training dan data testing. Pengujian dilakukan sebanyak empat model yaitu dengan algoritma SVM, SVM+PSO, SVM+GA, SVM+PSO+GA. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pemodelan SVM+PSO+GA memperoleh nilai akurasi terbaik sebesar 95.00% dengan nilai AUC sebesar 0.912
Kata Kunci : Analisis sentiment, Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Support Vector Macine (SVM), Twitter.
Pemetaan Tantangan Lembaga Pendidikan HKBP Berdasarkan Teori Jobs to be Done
Authors: Pakpahan Binsar Jonathan
Published: August 2023

This article explains the challenges of Protestant Christian Batak Church (Huria Kristen Batak Protestan – HKBP) educational institutions, especially those managed by the Protestant Batak Christian Huria Education Board (BPP-HKBP). The research aims to solve the problems of mapping HKBP primary and secondary educational institutions. By using the method of field research and school data, assisted by systems thinking theory analysis, the internal problems found in HKBP educational institutions are no longer one. Still, they are already in the form of a circle: a lousy reputation reduces the number of students making schools financially weak and lacking adequate human resources and infrastructure, which brought the importance even less. The way to break the deadlock is to find a way to strengthen the reputation in the form of branding new values. The Jobs to be Done theory helps this research see that the new value proposal must be based on the needs of prospective users of different generations. The result is that the study finds that the branding theme centered on values ​​and character is the best solution to improve the image of HKBP educational institutions. This research helps improve the HKBP education institution’s management by mapping the user needs and providing answers to these needs, which could be helpful not only in HKBP but also in other educational institutions.