bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf in der Medizin: vom
großen Wunsch und wenig Berücksichtigung
Authors: Sorg Heiko , Bagheri Mahsa , Ehlers Jan , Hauser Jörg , Tilkorn Daniel Johannes , Leifeld Irini Helena , Fuchs PaulChristian , Sorg Christian Günter Georg
Published: June 2022

Ziel der Studie Familienleben und die Berufsausübung sind
für junge Ärztinnen und Ärzte hohe Güter.
Entsprechend ist eine gute Vereinbarkeit beider Lebensbereiche wichtig. Trotz
seit Jahren gegebener politischer Rahmenbedingungen und gesetzlicher
Ansprüche, scheint die Umsetzung gerade in der Medizin nicht einfach zu
sein und mit großen Vorbehalten und Problemen der Beteiligten
verbunden.

Methodik Mittels einer Online-Befragung wurde der medizinische Mittelbau
aus universitären und peripheren Krankenhäusern zu Themen rund
um Familie, Kinder und berufsbiographischen sowie karriererelevanten Themen
befragt und anschließend genderspezifisch analysiert.

Ergebnisse Die Studienteilnehmenden waren zu 65,1% verheiratet und
hatten bereits Kinder bzw. äußerten einen Kinderwunsch
(86,0%). Die meisten waren in Vollzeit (80,8%)
beschäftigt. Der überwiegende Anteil der
Teilzeitbeschäftigten war weiblich (87,4%). Bei 34,6%
lag eine zeitliche Unterbrechung von 18,5±21,3 Monate in der Karriere
vor, welche zu 87,8% aufgrund von Schwangerschaft oder Kindern genommen
wurden. Ärztinnen nehmen im Allgemeinen deutlich mehr Elternzeit in
Anspruch als Ärzte (6–12 Monate: Frauen 62,2%;
Männer 22,4%; 12 Monate und mehr: Frauen 25,2%;
Männer 6,6%). Die Familienplanung wird durch Vorgesetzte nur
wenig unterstützt (21,2% viel bis sehr viel
Unterstützung) und 45,6% geben an, Probleme mit deren
Rückkehr in den Beruf bzw. dem beruflichen Weiterkommen erlebt zu haben.
Bei knapp 60% der Teilnehmenden bestehen im eigenen Krankenhaus keine
spezifischen Arbeitszeitmodelle für Mitarbeitende mit
betreuungspflichtigen Kindern.

Schlussfolgerung Für die Umsetzung der Vereinbarkeit von Familie
und Beruf bei Ärztinnen und Ärzten sind in erster Linie
Änderungen auf Seiten des Unternehmens notwendig. Zusätzlich
müssen die jeweiligen Vorgesetzten umdenken, um eine Parallelisierung
dieser beiden Lebensbereiche ihrer Mitarbeitenden zu ermöglichen. Jedoch
müssen auch die jungen Ärztinnen und Ärzte ihre Sicht
auf dieses Thema überdenken. Nur die reine Forderung zur
Veränderung arbeitsrechtlicher Umstände bei Fortführung
traditioneller Familienkonstellationen zu Hause, scheint diesem Thema in der
heutigen Zeit nicht mehr gerecht zu werden.
Aufbau der Präventionskette Freiham aus Sicht des
Steuerungsgremiums: Eine qualitative Interviewstudie mit Sozialer
Netzwerkanalyse
Authors: Schöttle Anika , Coenen Michaela , Rehfuess Eva Annette , Kaiser Birgit , Wiedemann Christine , Pfadenhauer Lisa M.
Published: June 2022

Hintergrund Im neu entstehenden Stadtteil Freiham in München plant
und implementiert die Stadt München zeitgleich mit dem Bezug des
Stadtteils eine Präventionskette als integrierte kommunale Strategie.
Ziel der „Präventionskette Freiham“ ist es, von Anfang
an gesunde Aufwachsbedingungen für alle Kinder und Jugendlichen zu
schaffen. Zur Steuerung wurde auf Stadtverwaltungsebene ein
referatsübergreifendes Gremium gebildet. Ziel der Studie ist es, dieses
Gremium hinsichtlich seiner Strukturen, Prozesse und Zusammenarbeit mit
vielfältigen Agierenden zu untersuchen.

Methoden Die Studie kombinierte eine qualitative Interviewstudie mit
Methoden der sozialen Netzwerkanalyse (SNA). Von März bis April 2018
wurden leitfadengestützte Einzelinterviews mit den Mitgliedern der
Begleitgruppe durchgeführt und dabei egozentrierte, soziale
Netzwerkkarten erstellt. Die Auswertung der Transkripte erfolgte qualitativ auf
Grundlage der Inhaltsanalyse nach Margrit Schreier. Die Netzwerkkarten wurden
ebenfalls qualitativ ausgewertet und die Ergebnisse visualisiert. Die Ergebnisse
wurden den Studienteilnehmenden in einem Workshop im Juni 2018 vorgestellt,
gemeinsam interpretiert und validiert.

Ergebnisse Es nahmen zehn Mitglieder der Begleitgruppe an der Studie teil.
Die referatsübergreifende, multiprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit in der
Begleitgruppe wurde von allen Beteiligten als gewinnbringend bewertet.
Darüber hinaus wurde die externe Koordination durch MAGs sowie die
wissenschaftliche Expertise der LMU München als Stütze
wahrgenommen. Hindernisse in der Planung und Implementierung der
Präventionskette Freiham finden sich in erster Linie auf administrativer
Ebene der Verwaltung. Aspekte, die die Zusammenarbeit der Begleitgruppe
betreffen, wurden als vorrangig positiv empfunden. In der SNA wurden zahlreiche
Agierende, vor allem aus der Fachsteuerungs- und Planungsebene der Referate,
genannt, die bereits mit einbezogen werden. Zudem wurden Agierende
identifiziert, die bislang noch nicht in den Planungsprozess involviert
waren.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Organisationsform der Begleitgruppe als
formalisierter Zusammenschluss von Vertreter*innen verschiedener
Referate, die sich gleichermaßen der Präventionskette widmen,
sowie eine externe Koordination und wissenschaftliche Begleitung stellen einen
positiv bewerteten Ansatz dar. Der Aufbau der Präventionskette sollte
weiterhin als Querschnittsaufgabe verstanden sowie sektor- und
hierarchieübergreifend unterstützt werden.
Accident & Emergency Informatics and One Digital Health
Authors: Haghi Mostafa , Benis Arriel , Deserno Thomas M.
Published: June 2022

Objectives: Climate changes are the major challenge in public and individual health, as they modify the ecosystem and yield contagious diseases from animal to human. Furthermore, we notice the rapid development of elderly, changing the population demographic. These critical measures have imposed economical costs, require trained personnel, and reduce the healthcare systems' performances.

Methods: COVID-19 pandemic showed that digital health paradigms such as m-health, telemedicine, and Internet of medical things (IoMT) should be further developed for such disasters. Quarantine was experienced frequently at different levels, which indicates the urgent need to develop smart medical homes for continuous monitoring of the patients. Human health, environment, and animals are the three interwoven aspects of public health that should be formulated under a conceptual and unified framework. Accident and Emergency Informatics (A&EI) considers the prediction and prevention of an individual's health in the long term and detects instant accidents and emergencies for further processes linking to hospital and rescue services for lowering the impact. One Digital Health (ODH) considers the health of the human, the animal, and the environment as a whole.

Results & Conclusion: In this position paper, we discuss the mutual benefits of A&EI and ODH in disaster management. We outline the mission, current status of A&EI in healthcare, and summarize the most important development of A&EI-related scope in the other fields of science. We discuss developing smart environments to monitor environmental and animal aspects. Then we examine the use of the ODH framework for enhancing the A&EI capacities to deal with complex disasters. Moreover, we discuss the further development of the international standard accident number (ISAN) to include and link environmental and animal event related data. Besides, ODH will cope with the A&EI protocols and technical specifications to be part of A&EI in the application layer.
Posttreatment Imaging of the Shoulder
Authors: Schäffeler Dr. Christoph
Published: June 2022

The shoulder joint is vulnerable for injuries following trauma and in the context of sporting activities. Degenerative rotator cuff disease is also a common entity. Conservative therapy is often not indicated or does not lead to the desired success, so surgical intervention is necessary. Routine follow-ups, but also persistent complaints, delayed healing, or recurrent trauma, usually need postoperative imaging of the shoulder. The choice of the adequate imaging modality and technique is important to reach the correct diagnosis. Additionally, knowledge of the most common surgical procedures, as well as typical normal findings and expected pathologies on different imaging modalities, is crucial for the radiologist to play a relevant role in the postoperative diagnostic process. This article addresses postoperative imaging after rotator cuff repair, shoulder arthroplasty, and surgery for shoulder stabilization with an emphasis on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.
History Page: Leaders in MSK Radiology
Authors: Kaur Simranjeet , Lalam Radhesh
Published: June 2022

Charles Thurstan Holland was the first radiologist in the world and also the founder of the first radiology department. In the early days, radiographs were used primarily in the musculoskeletal system. Holland contributed significantly to the understanding of musculoskeletal radiology as seen on radiographs, including the appearance of ossification centers and accessory ossicles. The small triangular metaphyseal fragment in Salter-Harris type 2 fractures is called the “Thurstan Holland fragment.”
Tuberculose osteoarticular do joelho como apresentação única em lactente de 10 meses: Um caso raro de diagnóstico comumente tardio
Authors: Gottschalk Carlos , Carvalho Emanuela da Rocha
Published: June 2022

A tuberculose osteoarticular do joelho é uma apresentação incomum da doença, especialmente em crianças com menos de 1 ano de idade. A característica paucibacilar da infecção torna o diagnóstico um desafio, levando em consideração métodos mais clássicos como a cultura e o anatomopatológico. Os fatores de risco são contato com indivíduos com tuberculose bacilífera, estar em uma região de alta prevalência, e populações pediátricas. O presente relato descreve um caso de monoartrite por Mycobacterium tuberculosis, de curso crônico e manifestações inflamatórias intermitentes em um paciente masculino de 10 meses, sem sintomatologia extra-articular e sem história de convívio ou contato prévio com tuberculose bacilífera. A cultura foi negativa e o exame anatomopatológico foi inconclusivo para o agente etiológico e o diagnóstico foi realizado pela detecção de traços de DNA de M. tuberculosis no teste rápido molecular (GeneXpert), utilizando a técnica da reação em cadeia da polimerase. O tratamento foi realizado com medicamentos antituberculose e houve resolução completa do quadro clínico-radiográfico. Este caso enfatiza a importância de considerar a tuberculose como parte dos diagnósticos etiológicos diferenciais iniciais das artrites e, portanto, a necessidade da investigação precoce específica a esta bactéria, ainda que a suspeição clínica não seja elevada.
A multi-stage scintillation counter for GeV-scale multi-species ion spectroscopy in laser-driven particle acceleration experiments
Authors: Abe Y. , Kohri H. , Tokiyasu A. , Minami T. , Iwasaki K. , Taguchi T. , Asai T. , Kanasaki M. , Kodaira S. , Fujioka S. , Kuramitsu Y. , Fukuda Y.
Published: June 2022

Particle counting analysis (PCA) with a multi-stage scintillation detector shows a new perspective on angularly resolved spectral characterization of GeV-scale, multi-species ion beams produced by high-power lasers. The diagnosis provides a mass-dependent ion energy spectrum based on time-of-flight and pulse-height analysis of single particle events detected through repetitive experiments. With a novel arrangement of multiple scintillators with different ions stopping powers, PCA offers potential advantages over commonly used diagnostic instruments (CR-39, radiochromic films, Thomson parabola, etc.) in terms of coverage solid angle, detection efficiency for GeV-ions, and real-time analysis during the experiment. The basic detector unit was tested using 230-MeV proton beam from a synchrotron facility, where we demonstrated its potential ability to discriminate major ion species accelerated in laser–plasma experiments (i.e., protons, deuterons, carbon, and oxygen ions) with excellent energy and mass resolution. The proposed diagnostic concept would be essential for a better understanding of laser-driven particle acceleration, which paves the way toward all-optical compact accelerators for a range of applications.
Hydroscaling indirect-drive implosions on the National Ignition Facility
Authors: Baker K. L. , Jones O. , Weber C. , Clark D. , Patel P. K. , Thomas C. A. , Landen O. L. , Nora R. , Anderson G. J. , Gaffney J. , MacLaren S. , Casey D. T. , Döppner T. , Dewald E. L. , Tommasini R. , Spears B. K. , Salmonson J. , Hohenberger M. , Khan S. , Zylstra A. , Kritcher A. , Amendt P. , Smalyuk V. , Lindl J. , Young C. , Ross J. S. , Ho D. , Hurricane O. A. , Callahan D. A. , Woods T. , Milovich J. L. , Strozzi D. J. , Bachmann B. , Bionta R. , Celliers P. M. , Fittinghoff D. , Hatarik R. , Gatu Johnson M. , Meaney K. , Millot M. , Volegov P. L. , Wilde C.
Published: June 2022

A goal of the laser-based National Ignition Facility (NIF) is to increase the liberated fusion energy “yield” in inertial confinement fusion experiments well past the ignition threshold and the input laser energy. One method of increasing the yield, hydrodynamic scaling of current experiments, does not rely on improving compression or implosion velocity, but rather increases the scale of the implosion to increase hotspot areal density and confinement time. Indirect-drive (Hohlraum driven) implosions carried out at two target sizes, 12.5% apart, have validated hydroscaling expectations. Moreover, extending comparisons to the best-performing implosions at five different capsule sizes shows that their performance also agrees well with hydroscaling expectations even though not direct hydroscales of one another. In the future, by switching to a reduced loss Hohlraum geometry, simulations indicate that we can drive 20% larger-scale implosions within the current power and energy limitations on the NIF. At the demonstrated compression and velocity of these smaller-scale implosions, these 1.2× hydroscaled implosions should put us well past the ignition threshold.
Beam-line optimization based on realistic electron-optics 3D field-maps implementation provides high-quality e-beam via a dogleg section
Authors: Weinberg Amir , Nause Ariel
Published: June 2022

A 6 MeV hybrid RF e-gun is currently driving a THz FEL in Ariel University. Ultra-fast electron diffraction (UED) experimental plans are currently in progress in the center, and therefore, a secondary parallel beam line is required. The addition of a secondary beamline using a single e-gun can be achieved using a dogleg section. However, the high-quality beam parameters such as emittance and electron bunch duration are significantly distorted after passing a dispersive section, such as a dogleg section, making the e-beam quality insufficient for UED experiments. In this paper, we suggest an optimization method, for the reconstruction of the beam quality after the dogleg using realistic quad-fields and sextupoles. Full 3D general particle tracer simulations of this secondary beamline were used in the optimization procedure using realistic field-maps and fringe fields of the quadrupoles, which were designed in-house, and their 3D field-maps were exported using computer simulation technology. Significantly improved beam parameters were obtained using the real quadrupoles field profile combined with an optimization procedure using a large number of electron optical optimization variables.
Intersubband transitions in nonpolar and semipolar III-nitrides: Materials, devices, and applications
Authors: Mudiyanselage Dinusha Herath , Wang Dawei , Zhao Yuji , Fu Houqiang
Published: June 2022

In the last two decades, the third-generation wide bandgap semiconductor III-nitrides have revolutionized a myriad of electronic and photonic devices and applications, including power electronics, extreme-environment electronics, RF amplifiers, and optoelectronics such as light-emitting diodes and laser diodes. Recently, III-nitride heterostructures (e.g., AlGaN/GaN) based intersubband transition (ISBT) has garnered considerable research interest for infrared (IR), terahertz (THz), and ultrafast optoelectronics (e.g., photodetectors and quantum cascade lasers) due to its large conduction band offset, large optical phonon energy, and promising room-temperature operation. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the recent progress and challenges of III-nitrides based ISBT from the perspectives of materials, structures, devices, and applications, with a focus on nonpolar and semipolar III-nitrides. Various device structures have been demonstrated for III-nitrides based ISBT, including quantum wells, dots, and wires, among which AlGaN/GaN quantum wells are the most widely used. The effects of device parameters, crystal orientations, and doping on the ISBT properties of AlGaN/GaN quantum wells are discussed. Although the room-temperature operation is still elusive, theoretical and experimental studies show that nonpolar and semipolar III-nitrides based ISBT exhibits tunable ISBT wavelength from far-IR to THz spectral range with higher efficiency compared with polar c-plane ISBT. This review can serve as a gateway to and an important reference for the recent progress and challenges of III-nitrides based ISBT and its potential applications in sensing, communication, ultrafast optoelectronics, and integrated photonics.
Subgrid modeling of the filtered equation of state with application to real-fluid turbulent mixing at supercritical pressures
Authors: Unnikrishnan Umesh , Oefelein Joseph C. , Yang Vigor
Published: June 2022

Simulation of turbulent mixing and combustion at supercritical pressures requires the use of a real-fluid equation of state (EOS) to represent the nonideal, nonlinear thermodynamic behavior of fluids under these conditions. The simplified representation of the filtered EOS in the large eddy simulation methodology introduces inconsistencies in the computed filtered thermodynamic state. This study investigates these inconsistencies and novel subgrid modeling approaches to address these issues, using high-resolution direct numerical simulation of a transcritical mixing layer. Errors incurred by not accounting for subgrid effects in the EOS are quantified, and fundamental insights are drawn regarding the nature of these effects. Then, different modeling approaches are proposed and investigated to obtain a more accurate representation of the filtered EOS. The evaluation of the filtered EOS in terms of the Reynolds-filtered state variables is considered instead of the conventional Favre-filtered variables. A dynamic gradient model is formulated by building upon the ideas of dynamic modeling to render a functional form for the subgrid EOS expressed in terms of the resolved flow gradients. A scale-similarity model formulation for the subgrid EOS is also constructed and examined. Finally, a model for the filtered EOS is derived using a presumed filtered density function that accounts for the effect of subgrid-scale fluctuations. The performance of each model is evaluated using various metrics, and the relative accuracy of each modeling approach is compared and contrasted at different filter sizes.
Density matrices of seniority-zero geminal wavefunctions
Authors: Moisset Jean-David , Fecteau Charles-Émile , Johnson Paul A.
Published: June 2022

Scalar products and density matrix elements of closed-shell pair geminal wavefunctions are evaluated directly in terms of the pair amplitudes, resulting in an analog of Wick’s theorem for fermions or bosons. This expression is, in general, intractable, but it is shown how it becomes feasible in three distinct ways for Richardson–Gaudin (RG) states, the antisymmetrized geminal power, and the antisymmetrized product of strongly orthogonal geminals. Dissociation curves for hydrogen chains are computed with off-shell RG states and the antisymmetrized product of interacting geminals. Both are near exact, suggesting that the incorrect results observed with ground state RG states (a local maximum rather than smooth dissociation) may be fixable using a different RG state.
Fault classification in wind turbine based on deep belief network optimized by modified tuna swarm optimization algorithm
Authors: Tuerxun Wumaier , Xu Chang , Guo Hongyu , Guo Lei , Yin Lijun
Published: June 2022

The use of failure recognition technology can detect unusualness and deal with it properly to ensure the safe and stable operation of wind turbines (WT). An effective troubleshooting method can quickly distinguish the type of WT fault and reduce wind farm operation and maintenance costs. At present, the relevant data required for fault diagnosis methods comes from the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system, because the SCADA data contains information associated with the operating characteristics of WT, which can provide a rich source of data for WT fault diagnosis. A deep belief network (DBN) is commonly used as a deep learning method. In the present study, an optimized DBN based on the modified tuna swarm optimization (MTSO) algorithm was established to construct an MTSO-DBN WT fault diagnostic model so as to address the problem that the selection of DBN hyperparameters may affect the classification results. After preprocessing the WT fault data acquired by SCADA, the MTSO-DBN model was used to classify the WT faults. The experimental results reveal that, compared with the support vector machine, extreme learning machine, DBN, particle swarm optimization-DBN, and TSO-DBN classification models, the MTSO-DBN model could effectively improve the accuracy of WT faults for wind farms.
A general method for calculating solid/liquid interfacial free energies from atomistic simulations: Application to CaSO4·xH2O
Authors: Yeandel Stephen R. , Freeman Colin L. , Harding John H.
Published: June 2022

We present a general method for computing interfacial free energies from atomistic simulations, which is particularly suitable for solid/liquid interfaces. Our method uses an Einstein crystal as a universal reference state and is more flexible than previous approaches. Surfaces with dipoles, complex reconstructions, and miscible species are all easily accommodated within the framework. It may also be extended to calculating the relative free energies of different phases and other types of defect. We have applied our method to interfaces of bassanite and gypsum with water and obtained interfacial free energies of the order of 0.12 J/m2, of which ∼45% is due to entropic contributions. Our calculations of the interfacial free energy of NaCl with water obtained a value of 0.13 J/m2, of which only 19% is from entropic contributions. We have also predicted equilibrium morphologies for bassanite and gypsum that compare well with experiments and previous calculations.
Breaking covalent bonds in the context of the many-body expansion (MBE). I. The purported “first row anomaly” in XHn(X = C, Si, Ge, Sn;n= 1–4)
Authors: Tzeli Demeter , Xantheas Sotiris S.
Published: June 2022

We present a new, novel implementation of the Many-Body Expansion (MBE) to account for the breaking of covalent bonds, thus extending the range of applications from its previous popular usage in the breaking of hydrogen bonds in clusters to molecules. A central concept of the new implementation is the in situ atomic electronic state of an atom in a molecule that casts the one-body term as the energy required to promote it to that state from its ground state. The rest of the terms correspond to the individual diatomic, triatomic, etc., fragments. Its application to the atomization energies of the XHn series, X = C, Si, Ge, Sn and n = 1–4, suggests that the (negative, stabilizing) 2-B is by far the largest term in the MBE with the higher order terms oscillating between positive and negative values and decreasing dramatically in size with increasing rank of the expansion. The analysis offers an alternative explanation for the purported “first row anomaly” in the incremental Hn−1X–H bond energies seen when these energies are evaluated with respect to the lowest energy among the states of the XHn molecules. Due to the “flipping” of the ground/first excited state between CH2 (3B1 ground state, 1A1 first excited state) and XH2, X = Si, Ge, Sn (1A1 ground state, 3B1 first excited state), the overall picture does not exhibit a “first row anomaly” when the incremental bond energies are evaluated with respect to the molecular states having the same in situ atomic states.
The property-governed activity of silver-modified titania photocatalysts: The influence of titania matrix
Authors: Yoshiiri Kenta , Karabiyik Baris , Wang Kunlei , Wei Zhishun , Colbeau-Justin Christophe , Kowalska Ewa
Published: June 2022

Commercial titania photocatalysts were modified with silver nanoparticles (NPs) by the photodeposition method in the presence/absence of methanol. The obtained photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, XPS, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, STEM, and time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) methods. The photocatalytic activity was tested under UV/vis irradiation for (i) methanol dehydrogenation (during silver deposition), (ii) oxygen evolution with in situ silver deposition, and (iii) oxidative decomposition of acetic acid, as well as under vis irradiation for 2-propanol oxidation. The action spectra of 2-propanol oxidation were also performed. It has been confirmed that modification of titania with silver causes significant improvement of photocatalytic activity under both UV and vis irradiation as silver works as an electron scavenger (TRMC data) and vis activator (possibly by an energy transfer mechanism). The obtained activities differ between titania samples significantly, suggesting that the type of crystalline phase, particle/crystallite sizes, and electron traps’ density are crucial for both the properties of formed silver deposits and resultant photocatalytic activity. It might be concluded that, under UV irradiation, (i) high crystallinity and large specific surface area are recommended for rutile- and anatase-rich samples, respectively, during hydrogen evolution, (ii) mixed crystalline phases cause a high rate of oxygen evolution from water, and (iii) anatase phase with fine silver NPs results in efficient decomposition of acetic acid, whereas under vis irradiation the aggregated silver NPs (broad localized surface plasmon resonance peak) on the rutile phase are promising for oxidation reactions.
Queensland State Government Address
Authors: Stewart Scott
Published: June 2022

There is not an abstract available for this presentation. To view the video, click on the link to the right.
APPEA Chair’s Address
Authors: Davies Ian
Published: June 2022

There is not an abstract available for this presentation. To view the video, click on the link to the right.
Panel discussion: The shape of things to come
Authors: Moore Ali , Nunan Tony , Abdeli-Galinier Kahina , Gallagher Kevin , Hartley Patrick , Hill Iman
Published: June 2022

As technology and innovation will continue to underpin the industry’s growth whilst reducing emissions and continuing to meet our energy needs, we explore the technologies that are driving this transformation. To view the video, click on the link to the right.
Closing Address
Authors: Davies Ian
Published: June 2022

There is not an abstract available for this presentation. To view the video, click on the link to the right.
The emergence of a collective sensory response threshold in ant colonies
Authors: Gal Asaf , Kronauer Daniel J. C.
Published: June 2022

The sensory response threshold is a fundamental biophysical property of biological systems that underlies many physiological and computational functions, and its systematic study has played a pivotal role in uncovering the principles of biological computation. Here, we show that ant colonies, which perform computational tasks at the group level, have emergent collective sensory response thresholds. Colonies respond collectively to step changes in temperature and evacuate the nest during severe perturbations. This response is characterized by a group-size–dependent threshold, and the underlying dynamics are dominated by social feedback between the ants. Using a binary network model, we demonstrate that a balance between short-range excitatory and long-range inhibitory interactions can explain the emergence of the collective response threshold and its size dependency. Our findings illustrate how simple social dynamics allow insect colonies to integrate information about the external environment and their internal state to produce adaptive collective responses.
Opening up the peer review process
Authors: Hynninen Niina
Published: June 2022

Many science journals have begun either to provide authors with the opportunity to publish peer review reports
alongside their published article or to use a form of interactive open access peer review, which means that the review process is
made public from the start. However, because of the traditionally occluded nature of peer reviewing, much applied linguistics
research on the topic has focused on corpora of individual reviews rather than the negotiation process between the author(s),
reviewers, and editors that peer reviewing essentially entails. In this paper, the focus is on this negotiation process. The data
are drawn from an open access journal in geosciences. They consist of review histories of three research papers with clusters of
peer review reports, short comments, author replies, and editor decision letters. These clusters have been analysed
chronologically in relation to one another, considering their impact and the evaluating authorities evoked in the process. The
findings show that the brokers paid attention to both study- and text-related aspects in their evaluations, thus highlighting
brokering as an activity related to both knowledge and text. Reviewer authority was recognised by the authors and editors alike,
but the authors were also found to negotiate their divergent positions.
The kinship system of Tiwa
Authors: Dawson Virginia
Published: June 2022

This paper provides a systematic description of the kinship system of Tiwa, a Boro-Garo language of northeast India. It complements existing partial descriptions by Ramirez (2014) and Bouchery and Longmailai (2018), including documentation of affinal relationship terminology and kinship-based politeness strategies. A key new finding of this work is that Tiwa has a series of dyadic group kin terms which behave in similar (though not identical) ways to what Bradley (2001) identifies as family group classifiers in several Ngwi languages. To my knowledge, this is the first time such dyadic kin terms have been identified beyond the Ngwi and Ersuic branches, suggesting they may be more widespread throughout the Tibeto-Burman family than previously believed.
Nanoindentation of a nickel surface with twin boundaries using molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Zhang Qin , Zhou Bingrao , Wang Yimin , Zhang Zefei , Zang Zhiwei , Lv Zhiqing
Published: June 2022

In this work, nanoindentation on a (110) crystal plane with a spherical indenter and (111) twin boundaries at different distances was simulated using molecular dynamics. In addition, the load–displacement curves and mechanical properties were calculated, and the deformation mechanism of the nickel matrix was analysed using a dislocation extraction algorithm (DXA). The results showed that the load decreased in the load–displacement curve, which was caused by the initial nucleation of the dislocations, and the twinning boundary hindered dislocation propagation. Furthermore, Young's modulus values near the twin boundary were lower than those farther away, and the maximum shear stress near the twin boundary was lower. Therefore, dislocation activity in the nickel matrix during indentation was mainly in the form of Shockley partial dislocations.
First-principles study of the crystal and magnetic structures of multiferroic Cu2OCl2
Authors: Yen Peter Tsung-Wen , Wu Hung-Cheng , Huang Shin-Ming
Published: June 2022

Recently, the discovery of multiferroicity in pyrochlore-like compound Cu2OCl2 has generated significant interest, and several studies have been performed in this area. This transition metal oxychloride is unique because the divalent copper atoms create an

S
=
1

/

2

correlated insulator and the pyrochlore lattice tends to frustrate spins. From neutron powder diffraction measurements, an incommensurate magnetic order of the ordering vector

q

=
(
0.827
,
0
,
0
)

emerges below the Néel temperature of 70 K. At this temperature or slightly above, ferroelectricity (FE) or antiferroelectricity, accompanying a lattice distortion, has been observed. Experimentally, some discrepancies remain. In this paper, we report our first-principles simulation results by evaluating the possible lattice and spin spiral states. We found that the Fddd structure is not more stable than

F
d
d
2
(
a
)

, which is supported by our reexamination of the x-ray diffraction data. In addition, we find that after we include magnetism in the calculation, it predicts that the

F
d
d
2
(
a
)

lattice with a helical (proper screw) spin structure is energetically more stable than other spin configurations. Our results indicate charge-order-driven FE that subsequently induces magnetism.
Swelling as a stabilizing mechanism in irradiated thin films: II. Effect of swelling rate
Authors: Evans Tyler , Norris Scott
Published: June 2022

It has long been observed experimentally that energetic ion-beam irradiation of semiconductor surfaces may lead to spontaneous nanopattern formation. For most ion/target/energy combinations, the patterns appear when the angle of incidence exceeds a critical angle, and the models commonly employed to understand this phenomenon exhibit the same behavioral transition. However, under certain conditions, patterns do not appear for any angle of incidence, suggesting an important mismatch between experiment and theory. Previous work by our group (Swenson and Norris 2018 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter
30 304003) proposed a model incorporating radiation-induced swelling, which is known to occur experimentally, and found that in the analytically-tractable limit of small swelling rates, this effect is stabilizing at all angles of incidence, which may explain the observed suppression of ripples. However, at that time, it was not clear how the proposed model would scale with increased swelling rate. In the present work, we generalize that analysis to the case of arbitrary swelling rates. Using a numerical approach, we find that the stabilization effect persists for arbitrarily large swelling rates, and maintains a stability profile largely similar to that of the small swelling case. Our findings strongly support the inclusion of a swelling mechanism in models of pattern formation under ion beam irradiation, and suggest that the simpler small-swelling limit is an adequate approximation for the full mechanism. They also highlight the need for more—and more detailed—experimental measurements of material stresses during pattern formation.
Angular dependence of the upper critical induction of clean s- and d

x
2−y
2
-wave superconductors with self-consistent ellipsoidal effective mass and Zeeman anisotropies
Authors: Zhao Aiying , Gu Qiang , Klemm Richard A
Published: June 2022

We employ the Schrödinger-Dirac method generalized to an ellipsoidal effective mass anisotropy in order to treat the spin and orbital effective mass anisotropies self consistently, which is important when Pauli-limiting effects on the upper critical field characteristic of singlet superconductivity are present. By employing the Klemm–Clem transformations to map the equations of motion into isotropic form, we then calculate the upper critical magnetic induction

B

c
2

(
θ
,
ϕ
,
T
)

at arbitrary directions and temperatures T for isotropic s-wave and for anisotropic

d

x
2

−

y
2

-wave superconducting order parameters. As for anisotropic s-wave superconductors,

B

c
2

is largest in the direction of the lowest effective mass, and is proportional to the universal orientation factor

α
(
θ
,
ϕ
)

. However, for

d

x
2

−

y
2

-wave pairing and vanishing planar effective mass anisotropy,

B

c
2

(
π

/

2
,
ϕ
,
T
)

exhibits a four-fold azimuthal pattern with C
4 symmetry the maxima of which are along the crystal axes just below the transition temperature T

c
, but these maxima are rotated by

π

/

4

about the z axis as T is lowered to 0. However for

d

x
2

−

y
2

-wave pairing with weak planar effective mass anisotropy,

B

c
2

(
π

/

2
,
ϕ
,
T
)

exhibits a two-fold pattern with C
2 symmetry for all

T
 
⩽
 

T
c

, which also rotates by

π

/

4

about the z axis as T is lowered to 0. These low planar effective mass anisotropy cases provide a new method to distinguish s-wave and

d

x
2

−

y
2

-wave pairing symmetries in clean unconventional superconductors.
An investigation into potential improvements in the design of lead glasses for protecting the eyes of interventional cardiologists
Authors: Honorio da Silva Edilaine , Martin Colin J , Vanhavere Filip , Dabin Jérémie , Buls Nico
Published: June 2022

The lens of the eye can be damaged by ionising radiation, so individuals whose eyes are exposed to radiation during their work may need to protect their eyes from exposure. Lead glasses are widely available, but there are questions about their efficiency in providing eye protection. In this study, Monte Carlo simulations are used to assess the efficiency of lead glasses in protecting the sensitive volume of the eye lens. Two designs currently available for interventional cardiologists are a wraparound (WA) style and ones with flat frontal lenses with side shielding. These designs were considered together with four modifications that would impact upon their efficiency: changing the lead equivalent thickness, adding lead to the frames, elongating the frontal lenses, and adding a closing shield to the bottom rim. For the eye closest to the source, standard models of lead glasses only decrease the radiation reaching the most sensitive region of the eye lens by 22% or less. Varying the lead thickness between 0.4 mm and 0.75 mm had little influence on the protection provided in the simulation of clinical use, neither did adding lead to the frames. Improved shielding was obtained by elongating the frontal lens, which could reduce radiation reaching the eye lens by up to 76%. Glasses with lenses that had a rim at the base, extending towards the face of the user, also provided better shielding than current models, decreasing the dose by up to 80%. In conclusion, elongating the frontal lens of lead glasses, especially of the WA design, could provide a three-fold increase in shielding efficiency and this is still valid for lenses with 0.4 mm lead equivalence.
A dual-camera single-shot lifetime method with fully controllable exposure gates for pressure-sensitive paint measurements on fast-rotating surfaces
Authors: Li Yongzeng , Dong Zhe , Peng Di , Liu Yingzheng
Published: June 2022

This paper proposes a dual-camera single-shot lifetime method for pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) measurements on fast-rotating surfaces. Two cameras with fully controllable exposure gates are used for image acquisition to reduce the motion blur due to the open-ended exposure of the interline transfer charge-coupled device camera which was typically used for the single-shot lifetime method. The images can thus be processed without deblurring for a wider rotating speed range than is possible with existing techniques. More importantly, both frames have equal exposure times and therefore equal blur lengths. This enables precise pixel-to-pixel image matching and minimizes image registration errors. In addition, the signal strengths of the frames can be balanced, enabling shot-noise-induced errors to be reduced by independent adjustment of the aperture ratio. A pressure uncertainty estimation model is established to evaluate the measurement errors, which helps determine the system parameters. The dual-camera PSP system is calibrated and then validated through the surface pressure measurement of a fast-rotating disk. It is found that the exposure time t
e has little effect on the PSP sensitivity, whereas the delay time t
d affects both the pressure sensitivity and the measurement error. Both t
e and t
d are set to 5 μs in the rotating disk experiment. Images with a blur length of 1.4 pixels are captured and processed without deblurring to yield reasonable surface pressure results. The pressure error is decreased from 1.05 to 0.65 kPa by increasing the aperture ratio F from 2 to 4.
Face-lifting the surface of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathode via Y(PO3)3 to form an in situ triple composite Li-ion conductor coating layer with the enhanced electrochemical performance
Authors: Cheng Wendong , Li Lei , Hao Shuai , Liu Ling , Wu Yuxuan , Huo Jinsheng , Ji Yuyao , Liu Xingquan
Published: June 2022

Due to the assets such as adequate discharge capacity and rational cost, LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA), a high-nickel ternary layered oxide, is regarded to be a favorable cathode contender for lithium-ion batteries. However, the superior commercial application is restricted by the surface residual alkaline lithium salt (LiOH or/and Li2CO3) of nickel-rich cathode materials, which will expedite the disintegration of the structure and the engendering of gas (CO2). Therefore, in this paper, we devise and fabricate a Y(PO3)3 modified LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA), intending to optimize the surface residual alkaline lithium salt (antecedent deportation of H2O and CO2) while forming an in situ triple composite Li-ion conductor coating (Y(PO3)3-Li3PO4-YPO4) to enhance the electrochemical behavior. Under this method, the 2 mol% Y(PO3)3 modified NCA electrode reveals exceptional rate capability (5 C/156.3 mAh g−1) and extraordinary cycle stability after 200 cycles (2 C/88.3%), whereas the original sample is only 5 C/123.1 mAh g−1 and 2 C/71.2% after 200 cycles. Conspicuously, even under the draconian circumstances of the high temperature and the high rate at 55 °C/1 C, the 2 mol% Y(PO3)3 modified NCA electrode sustains a high reversible capacity, with an admirable capacity retention rate of 89.4% after 100 cycles. These contented results signify that the surface remodeling tactic presents a viable scheme for ameliorating high-nickel materials’ performance and appropriateness.
Polymer chalcogenides—new smart materials for thermoelectric applications
Authors: Maity Shilpa , Parvin Umme Karnij Salma , Das Sukhen , Chatterjee Krishanu
Published: June 2022

The breakthrough invention of conducting polymers (CPs) initiates a new pathway for the researchers to make use of their properties in thermoelectric (TE) applications. They are considered to be potential candidates in TE application when combined with inorganic counterparts. Different strategies were undertaken to enhance structural order and hence the TE performance of the CPs which trigger the scientific community to focus more on this area. Consequently, the use of nano filler in the polymer matrix proved to be a better way to improve the TE properties and chalcogenide materials could be the best candidates to be used as nano filler due to their high TE parameters. Thus, composites of CPs with different chalcogenides have been drawing attention in the field of TEs in recent years. The present work points towards a comprehensive update on different synthesis process of composites of various CPs with a number of chalcogenides along with a state-of-art review of these promising materials in TEs for device applications with the expectation that this work will surely motivate the researchers to optimize the best candidate.
Experimental study of surface roughness on improving the tribological performance of sealing pairs in magnetorheological damper
Authors: Li Shanshan , Xiu Shichao , Song Wanli , Sun Cong , Yang Heng
Published: June 2022

Comprehension of the tribological behavior of magnetorheological fluid (MRF) is crucial in many fields, particularly those related to seal wear. The sealing conditions are more complex than traditional media due to composition and rheological characteristics of MRF. The sealing pairs are prone to wear failure when in contact with magnetic particles. To this end, the paper focuses on the influence of surface roughness on MRF tribological properties with and without magnetic field. The whole experiment is carried out by a self-developed device to reproduce the wear evolution between the sealing pairs for magnetorheological damper. Experimental results show that higher surface roughness exhibits lower friction coefficient and better friction performance under MRF, especially in the absence of magnetic field. This is in stark contrast to the best wear resistance exhibited by polished samples under methyl silicone oil, a carrier fluid of MRF. This means that the effective coupling between surface roughness and iron particles helps to improve the friction and wear performance of sealing pairs. On this basis, the optimum surface roughness values of metal pin under MRF are obtained. Subsequently, the effect of pin surface morphology on the dynamics of iron particles are confirmed through the analysis of scanning electron microscopy images. It is further demonstrated that wear mechanism varies with surface roughness, that is, as the roughness increases, from sliding to mixing, and finally to rolling. Consequently, this research is of great significance for improving the wear resistance of sealing pairs under MRF.
Coexistence of hyperchaos with chaos and its control in a diode-bridge memristor based MLC circuit with experimental validation
Authors: Fonzin Fozin Theophile , Nzoko Bernard Koumetio , Telem Nicole Adelaide Kengnou , Njitacke Zeric Tabekoueng , Mouelas Adele Armele Ngo , Kengne Jacques
Published: June 2022

This paper reports both the coexistence of chaos and hyperchaos and their control based on a noninvasive temporal feedback method for attractor selection in a multistable non-autonomous memristive Murali-Lakshamanan-Chua (MLC) system. Numerical simulation methods such as bifurcation diagrams, the spectrum of Lyapunov exponents, phase portraits, and cross-section basins of initial states are used to examine several striking dynamical features of the system, including torus, chaos, hyperchaos, and multistability. Of most interest, the rare phenomenon of the coexistence of hyperchaos and chaos has been uncovered based on bifurcation techniques and nonbifurcation scheme like offset boosting. Further analyses based on intermittent feedback-based control in the time domain help to drive the system from the multistable state to a monostable one where only the hyperchaotic attractor survives. Since the attractor’s internal dynamics are retained, this control method is non-invasive. At the end of our analyses, the results of both PSpice and that of the microcontroller-based digital calculator of the circuit match perfectly with the numerical investigations.
Tuning intrinsic defects in ZnO films by controlling the vacuum annealing temperature: an experimental and theoretical approach
Authors: Paz-Corrales K J , Vilca-Huayhua C A , Aragón F F H , Villegas-Lelovsky L , Coaquira J A H , da Silva S W , Marques G E , Teodoro M D , Pacheco-Salazar D G
Published: June 2022

The control of native defects in the ZnO material is strongly important for a wide range of technological applications. In this paper, native defects are tuned via the post-thermal treatment of ZnO films in a high vacuum atmosphere. The microstructure of the as-grown ZnO film shows columnar growth and strongly polar-oriented grains along the c-plane (002). Also, the obtained results indicate that the as-grown film contains a high amount of intrinsic defects and strong lattice distortions. After the thermal annealing, the ZnO films display significant structural changes, which are reflected in their electrical, vibrational, and optical properties. Our findings suggest that these changes were attributed to the selective cleanup effect of the native defects and the partial deoxidation process mainly on the exposed particle surface (at high temperatures) tuned up by the thermal annealing temperature. According to DFT calculations, oxygen vacancies (V

O
) show lower energy, followed by zinc vacancies (V
Zn
) and oxygen interstitials (O
i
) indicating that V

O
defect is the most stable in ZnO. That sequence of stability could suggest the sequence of the annihilation of those defects, which is in line with our experimental findings and also in agreement with literature results.