bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reactive-site-centric chemoproteomics identifies a distinct class of deubiquitinase enzymes
Authors: Hewings David S. , Heideker Johanna , Ma Taylur P. , AhYoung Andrew P. , El Oualid Farid , Amore Alessia , Costakes Gregory T. , Kirchhofer Daniel , Brasher Bradley , Pillow Thomas , Popovych Nataliya , Maurer Till , Schwerdtfeger Carsten , Forrest William F. , Yu Kebing , Flygare John , Bogyo Matthew , Wertz Ingrid E.
Published: March 2018

Activity-based probes (ABPs) are widely used to monitor the activity of enzyme families in biological systems. Inferring enzyme activity from probe reactivity requires that the probe reacts with the enzyme at its active site; however, probe-labeling sites are rarely verified. Here we present an enhanced chemoproteomic approach to evaluate the activity and probe reactivity of deubiquitinase enzymes, using bioorthogonally tagged ABPs and a sequential on-bead digestion protocol to enhance the identification of probe-labeling sites. We confirm probe labeling of deubiquitinase catalytic Cys residues and reveal unexpected labeling of deubiquitinases on non-catalytic Cys residues and of non-deubiquitinase proteins. In doing so, we identify ZUFSP (ZUP1) as a previously unannotated deubiquitinase with high selectivity toward cleaving K63-linked chains. ZUFSP interacts with and modulates ubiquitination of the replication protein A (RPA) complex. Our reactive-site-centric chemoproteomics method is broadly applicable for identifying the reaction sites of covalent molecules, which may expand our understanding of enzymatic mechanisms.
Multiplexed imaging of high-density libraries of RNAs with MERFISH and expansion microscopy
Authors: Wang Guiping , Moffitt Jeffrey R. , Zhuang Xiaowei
Published: March 2018

As an image-based single-cell transcriptomics approach, multiplexed error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (MERFISH) allows hundreds to thousands of RNA species to be identified, counted and localized in individual cells while preserving the native spatial context of RNAs. In MERFISH, RNAs are identified via a combinatorial labeling approach that encodes RNA species with error-robust barcodes followed by sequential rounds of single-molecule FISH (smFISH) to read out these barcodes. The accuracy of RNA identification relies on spatially separated signals from individual RNA molecules, which limits the density of RNAs that can be measured and makes the multiplexed imaging of a large number of high-abundance RNAs challenging. Here we report an approach that combines MERFISH and expansion microscopy to substantially increase the total density of RNAs that can be measured. Using this approach, we demonstrate accurate identification and counting of RNAs, with a near 100% detection efficiency, in a ~130-RNA library composed of many high-abundance RNAs, the total density of which is more than 10 fold higher than previously reported. In parallel, we demonstrate the combination of MERFISH with immunofluorescence in expanded samples. These advances increase the versatility of MERFISH and will facilitate its application to a wide range of biological problems.
The Effect of Obesity on the Availabilities of Dopamine and Serotonin Transporters
Authors: Nam Su Bong , Kim Keunyoung , Kim Bum Soo , Im Hyung-Jun , Lee Seung Hun , Kim Seong-Jang , Kim In Joo , Pak Kyoungjune
Published: March 2018

The authors investigated relations between obesity, age, and sex and the availabilities of striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) and extrastriatal serotonin transporter (SERT) by 123I-FP-CIT single-photon emission computed tomography. The study population consisted of 192 healthy controls with screening 123I-FP-CIT scans. Specific bindings of 123I-FP-CIT to DAT and SERT were calculated using regions of interest. Specific binding ratios (SBRs) of DAT and SERT except pons (r = 0.2217, p = 0.0026), were not correlated with body mass index (BMI). SBRs of midbrains correlated negatively with the BMIs of obese subjects (r = −0.3126, p = 0.0496), and positively with the those of non-obese subjects (r = 0.2327, p = 0.0053). SBRs of caudate nucleus (r = −0.3175, p < 0.0001), striatum (r = −0.226, p = 0.0022), and thalamus (r = −0.1978, p = 0.0074) reduced with age, and SERT availability was higher in males. However, DAT availability was similar in males and females. In conclusion, obesity has an effect on midbrain SERT availability. In addition, BMI was correlated with pontine SERT availability but not with striatal DAT availability. SERT availability was higher in males, but DAT availability showed no gender predilection.
The Evolution of Covert Signaling
Authors: Smaldino Paul E. , Flamson Thomas J. , McElreath Richard
Published: March 2018

Human sociality depends upon the benefits of mutual aid and extensive communication. However, diverse norms and preferences complicate mutual aid, and ambiguity in meaning hinders communication. Here we demonstrate that these two problems can work together to enhance cooperation through the strategic use of deliberately ambiguous signals: covert signaling. Covert signaling is the transmission of information that is accurately received by its intended audience but obscured when perceived by others. Such signals may allow coordination and enhanced cooperation while also avoiding the alienation or hostile reactions of individuals with different preferences. Although the empirical literature has identified potential mechanisms of covert signaling, such as encryption in humor, there is to date no formal theory of its dynamics. We introduce a novel mathematical model to assess when a covert signaling strategy will evolve, as well as how receiver attitudes coevolve with covert signals. Covert signaling plausibly serves an important function in facilitating within-group cooperative assortment by allowing individuals to pair up with similar group members when possible and to get along with dissimilar ones when necessary. This mechanism has broad implications for theories of signaling and cooperation, humor, social identity, political psychology, and the evolution of human cultural complexity.
Publisher Correction: Inferring structural connectivity using Ising couplings in models of neuronal networks
Authors: Kadirvelu Balasundaram , Hayashi Yoshikatsu , Nasuto Slawomir J.
Published: March 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
An Aberrant Microbiota is not Strongly Associated with Incidental Colonic Diverticulosis
Authors: Jones Roshonda B. , Fodor Anthony A. , Peery Anne F. , Tsilimigras Matthew C. B. , Winglee Kathryn , McCoy Amber , Sioda Michael , Sandler Robert S. , Keku Temitope O.
Published: March 2018

Colonic diverticula are protrusions of the mucosa through weak areas of the colonic musculature. The etiology of diverticulosis is poorly understood, but could be related to gut bacteria. Using mucosal biopsies from the sigmoid colon of 226 subjects with and 309 subjects without diverticula during first-time screening colonoscopy, we assessed whether individuals with incidental colonic diverticulosis have alternations in the adherent bacterial communities in the sigmoid colon. We found little evidence of substantial associations between the microbial community and diverticulosis among cases and controls. Comparisons of bacterial abundances across all taxonomic levels showed differences for phylum Proteobacteria (p = 0.038) and family Comamonadaceae (p = 0.035). The r-squared values measuring the strength of these associations were very weak, however, with values ~2%. There was a similarly small association between the abundance of each taxa and total diverticula counts. Cases with proximal only diverticula and distal only diverticula likewise showed little difference in overall microbiota profiles. This large study suggests little association between diverticula and the mucosal microbiota overall, or by diverticula number and location. We conclude that the mucosal adherent microbiota community composition is unlikely to play a substantial role in development of diverticulosis.
Author Correction: The effect of body mass index and physical activity on hypertension among Chinese middle-aged and older population
Authors: Li Wenzhen , Wang Dongming , Wu Chunmei , Shi Oumin , Zhou Yanfeng , Lu Zuxun
Published: March 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Author Correction: Methane utilization in Methylomicrobium alcaliphilum 20ZR: a systems approach
Authors: Akberdin Ilya R. , Thompson Merlin , Hamilton Richard , Desai Nalini , Alexander Danny , Henard Calvin A. , Guarnieri Michael T. , Kalyuzhnaya Marina G.
Published: March 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Author Correction: Light pollution is greatest within migration passage areas for nocturnally-migrating birds around the world
Authors: Cabrera-Cruz Sergio A. , Smolinsky Jaclyn A. , Buler Jeffrey J.
Published: March 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Giant Faraday Rotation in Metal-Fluoride Nanogranular Films
Authors: Kobayashi N. , Ikeda K. , Gu Bo , Takahashi S. , Masumoto H. , Maekawa S.
Published: March 2018

Magneto-optical Faraday effect is widely applied in optical devices and is indispensable for optical communications and advanced information technology. However, the bismuth garnet Bi-YIG is only the Faraday material since 1972. Here we introduce (Fe, FeCo)-(Al-,Y-fluoride) nanogranular films exhibiting giant Faraday effect, 40 times larger than Bi-YIG. These films have a nanocomposite structure, in which nanometer-sized Fe, FeCo ferromagnetic granules are dispersed in a Al,Y-fluoride matrix.
Assessment of plant species diversity based on hyperspectral indices at a fine scale
Authors: Peng Yu , Fan Min , Song Jingyi , Cui Tiantian , Li Rui
Published: March 2018

Fast and nondestructive approaches of measuring plant species diversity have been a subject of excessive scientific curiosity and disquiet to environmentalists and field ecologists worldwide. In this study, we measured the hyperspectral reflectances and plant species diversity indices at a fine scale (0.8 meter) in central Hunshandak Sandland of Inner Mongolia, China. The first-order derivative value (FD) at each waveband and 37 hyperspectral indices were used to assess plant species diversity. Results demonstrated that the stepwise linear regression of FD can accurately estimate the Simpson (R2 = 0.83), Pielou (R2 = 0.87) and Shannon-Wiener index (R2 = 0.88). Stepwise linear regression of FD (R2 = 0.81, R2 = 0.82) and spectral vegetation indices (R2 = 0.51, R2 = 0.58) significantly predicted the Margalef and Gleason index. It was proposed that the Simpson, Pielou and Shannon-Wiener indices, which are widely used as plant species diversity indicators, can be precisely estimated through hyperspectral indices at a fine scale. This research promotes the development of methods for assessment of plant diversity using hyperspectral data.
Priming the body to receive the therapeutic agent to redefine treatment benefit/risk profile
Authors: Germain Matthieu , Meyre Marie-Edith , Poul Laurence , Paolini Marion , Berjaud Céline , Mpambani Francis , Bergere Maxime , Levy Laurent , Pottier Agnès
Published: March 2018

Many therapeutic agents offer a low useful dose (dose responsible for efficacy)/useless dose (dose eliminated or responsible for toxicity) ratio, mainly due to the fact that therapeutic agents must ensure in one single object all the functions required to deliver the treatment, which leads to compromises in their physico-chemical design. Here we introduce the concept of priming the body to receive the treatment by uncorrelating these functions into two distinct objects sequentially administered: a nanoprimer occupying transiently the main pathway responsible for therapeutic agent limited benefit/risk ratio followed by the therapeutic agent. The concept was evaluated for different nature of therapeutic agents: For nanomedicines we designed a liposomal nanoprimer presenting preferential hepatic accumulation without sign of acute toxicity. This nanoprimer was able to increase the blood bioavailability of nanomedicine correlated with a lower hepatic accumulation. Finally this nanoprimer markedly enhanced anti-tumor efficacy of irinotecan loaded liposomes in the HT-29 tumor model when compared to the nanomedicine alone. Then, for small molecules we demonstrated the ability of a cytochrome inhibitor loaded nanoprimer to increase efficacy of docetaxel treatment. These results shown that specific nanoprimers could be designed for each family of therapeutic agents to answer to their specific needs.
Near-native, site-specific and purification-free protein labeling for quantitative protein interaction analysis by MicroScale Thermophoresis
Authors: Bartoschik Tanja , Galinec Stefanie , Kleusch Christian , Walkiewicz Katarzyna , Breitsprecher Dennis , Weigert Sebastian , Muller Yves A. , You Changjiang , Piehler Jacob , Vercruysse Thomas , Daelemans Dirk , Tschammer Nuska
Published: March 2018

MicroScale Thermophoresis (MST) is a frequently used method for the quantitative characterization of intermolecular interactions with several advantages over other technologies. One of these is its capability to determine equilibrium constants in solution including complex biological matrices such as cell lysates. MST requires one binding partner to be fluorescent, which is typically achieved by labeling target proteins with a suitable fluorophore. Here, we present a near-native, site-specific in situ labeling strategy for MST experiments that enables reliable measurements in cell lysates and that has distinct advantages over routine covalent labeling techniques. To this end, we exploited the high-affinity interaction of tris-NTA with oligohistidine-tags, which are popular for purification, immobilization or detection of recombinant proteins. We used various DYE-tris-NTA conjugates to successfully label His-tagged proteins that were either purified or a component of cell lysate. The RED-tris-NTA was identified as the optimal dye conjugate with a high affinity towards oligohistidine-tags, a high fluorescence signal and an optimal signal-to-noise ratio in MST binding experiments. Owing to its emission in the red region of the spectrum, it also enables reliable measurements in complex biological matrices such as cell lysates allowing a more physiologically realistic assessment and eliminating the need for protein purification.
High-density genetic map construction and comparative genome analysis in asparagus bean
Authors: Huang Haitao , Tan Huaqiang , Xu Dongmei , Tang Yi , Niu Yisong , Lai Yunsong , Tie Manman , Li Huanxiu
Published: March 2018

Genetic maps are a prerequisite for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis, marker-assisted selection (MAS), fine gene mapping, and assembly of genome sequences. So far, several asparagus bean linkage maps have been established using various kinds of molecular markers. However, these maps were all constructed by gel- or array-based markers. No maps based on sequencing method have been reported. In this study, an NGS-based strategy, SLAF-seq, was applied to create a high-density genetic map for asparagus bean. Through SLAF library construction and Illumina sequencing of two parents and 100 F2 individuals, a total of 55,437 polymorphic SLAF markers were developed and mined for SNP markers. The map consisted of 5,225 SNP markers in 11 LGs, spanning a total distance of 1,850.81 cM, with an average distance between markers of 0.35 cM. Comparative genome analysis with four other legume species, soybean, common bean, mung bean and adzuki bean showed that asparagus bean is genetically more related to adzuki bean. The results will provide a foundation for future genomic research, such as QTL fine mapping, comparative mapping in pulses, and offer support for assembling asparagus bean genome sequence.
The Role of Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase (DGAT) 1 and 2 in Cardiac Metabolism and Function
Authors: Roe Nathan D. , Handzlik Michal K. , Li Tao , Tian Rong
Published: March 2018

It is increasingly recognized that synthesis and turnover of cardiac triglyceride (TG) play a pivotal role in the regulation of lipid metabolism and function of the heart. The last step in TG synthesis is catalyzed by diacylglycerol:acyltransferase (DGAT) which esterifies the diacylglycerol with a fatty acid. Mammalian heart has two DGAT isoforms, DGAT1 and DGAT2, yet their roles in cardiac metabolism and function remain poorly defined. Here, we show that inactivation of DGAT1 or DGAT2 in adult mouse heart results in a moderate suppression of TG synthesis and turnover. Partial inhibition of DGAT activity increases cardiac fatty acid oxidation without affecting PPARα signaling, myocardial energetics or contractile function. Moreover, coinhibition of DGAT1/2 in the heart abrogates TG turnover and protects the heart against high fat diet-induced lipid accumulation with no adverse effects on basal or dobutamine-stimulated cardiac function. Thus, the two DGAT isoforms in the heart have partially redundant function, and pharmacological inhibition of one DGAT isoform is well tolerated in adult hearts.
Bell’s inequality tests via correlated diffraction of high-dimensional position-entangled two-photon states
Authors: Li Wei , Zhao Shengmei
Published: March 2018

Bell inequality testing, a well-established method to demonstrate quantum non-locality between remote two-partite entangled systems, is playing an important role in the field of quantum information. The extension to high-dimensional entangled systems, using the so-called Bell-CGLMP inequality, points the way in measuring joint probabilities, the kernel block to construct high dimensional Bell inequalities. Here we show that in theory the joint probability of a two-partite system entangled in a Hilbert space can be measured by choosing a set of basis vectors in its dual space that are related by a Fourier transformation. We next propose an experimental scheme to generate a high-dimensional position-entangled two-photon state aided by a combination of a multiple-slit and a 4 f system, and describe a method to test Bell’s inequality using correlated diffraction. Finally, we discuss in detail consequences of such Bell-test violations and experimental requirements.
Delta-like 3 is silenced by HBx via histone acetylation in HBV-associated HCCs
Authors: Hamamoto Hiroki , Maemura Kentaro , Matsuo Kentaro , Taniguchi Kohei , Tanaka Yoshihisa , Futaki Sugiko , Takeshita Atsushi , Asai Akira , Hayashi Michihiro , Hirose Yoshinobu , Kondo Yoichi , Uchiyama Kazuhisa
Published: March 2018

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor with poor prognosis. We previously showed that expression of Delta-like 3 (DLL3), a member of the family of Delta/Serrate/Lag2 ligands for the Notch receptor, is silenced by aberrant DNA methylation and that overexpression of DLL3 in an HCC cell line induces cellular apoptosis. However, how DLL3 expression is regulated during hepatocarcinogenesis is still unclear. Here, we show that silencing of DLL3 during hepatocarcinogenesis is closely related to viral infection, especially hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (p = 0.005). HepG2.2.15 cells, which are stably transformed with the HBV genome, showed lower DLL3 expression than the parent cell line, HepG2 cells. Treatment with Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) small interfering RNA upregulated DLL3 expression in HepG2.2.15 cells, and overexpression of HBx in HepG2 cells downregulated DLL3 expression. Treatment of cells with a histone deacetylase inhibitor induced DLL3 expression in HepG2.2.15 cells. These data suggest that DLL3 expression is silenced during hepatocarcinogenesis in association with HBV infection via an epigenetic mechanism.
Non-uniform Stress-free Strains in a Spherically Symmetrical Nano-sized Particle and Its Applications to Lithium-ion Batteries
Authors: Meng Qingping , Wu Lijun , Welch David O. , Tang Ming , Zhu Yimei
Published: March 2018

The stress-free strain originated from local chemical composition and phase transformation can significantly alter the microstructures of materials; and then affect their properties. In this paper, we developed an analytical method to calculate stress-strain field due to the non-uniform stress-free strain in a spherically symmetrical particle. Applying the method to a lithium ion (Li-ion) battery electrode, the evolution of Li-ion concentration and strain field during the lithiation process is studied. Our studies reveal that the maximum strain in the electrode generally occurs on surface of sample, and is mainly dependent on the difference of Li-ion concentration of surface and of center in sample. Decreasing the difference of Li-ion concentration can efficiently decrease the maximum strain so that cracks of electrodes can been prevented. Our analytical results provide a useful guidance for practical applications of energy storage materials.
Identification of potential regulatory mutations using multi-omics analysis and haplotyping of lung adenocarcinoma cell lines
Authors: Sereewattanawoot Sarun , Suzuki Ayako , Seki Masahide , Sakamoto Yoshitaka , Kohno Takashi , Sugano Sumio , Tsuchihara Katsuya , Suzuki Yutaka
Published: March 2018

The functional relevancy of mutations occurring in the regulatory regions in cancers remains mostly elusive. Here, we identified and analyzed regulatory mutations having transcriptional consequences in lung adenocarcinoma-derived cell lines. We phased the mutations in the regulatory regions to the downstream heterozygous SNPs in the coding regions and examined whether the ChIP-Seq variant tags of the regulatory SNVs and the RNA-Seq variant tags of their target transcripts showed biased frequency between the mutant and reference alleles. We identified 137 potential regulatory mutations affecting the transcriptional regulation of 146 RefSeq transcripts with at least 84 SNVs that create and/or disrupt potential transcription factor binding sites. For example, in the regulatory region of NFATC1 gene, a novel and active binding site for the ETS transcription factor family was created. Further examination revealed that 31 of these disruptions were presented in clinical lung adenocarcinoma samples and were associated with prognosis of patients.
Glucose Levels Alter the Mga Virulence Regulon in the Group A Streptococcus
Authors: Valdes Kayla M. , Sundar Ganesh S. , Belew Ashton T. , Islam Emrul , El-Sayed Najib M. , Le Breton Yoann , McIver Kevin S.
Published: March 2018

Many bacterial pathogens coordinately regulate genes encoding important metabolic pathways during disease progression, including the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-phosphotransferase system (PTS) for uptake of carbohydrates. The Gram-positive Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a pathogen that infects multiple tissues in the human host. The virulence regulator Mga in GAS can be phosphorylated by the PTS, affecting Mga activity based on carbohydrate availability. Here, we explored the effects of glucose availability on the Mga regulon. RNA-seq was used to identify transcriptomic differences between the Mga regulon grown to late log phase in the presence of glucose (THY) or after glucose has been expended (C media). Our results revealed a correlation between the genes activated in C media with those known to be repressed by CcpA, indicating that C media mimics a non-preferred sugar environment. Interestingly, we found very little overlap in the Mga regulon from GAS grown in THY versus C media beyond the core virulence genes. We also observed an alteration in the phosphorylation status of Mga, indicating that the observed media differences in the Mga regulon may be directly attributed to glucose levels. Thus, these results support an in vivo link between glucose availability and virulence regulation in GAS.
Three new species of Talaromyces sect. Talaromyces discovered from soil in China
Authors: Jiang Xian-Zhi , Yu Zhong-Dong , Ruan Yong-Ming , Wang Long
Published: March 2018

Three new Talaromyces species isolated from soil are reported here, namely T. dimorphus (ex-type strain AS3.15692 T), T. lentulus (ex-type strain AS3.15689 T) and T. mae (ex-type strain AS3.15690 T). T. dimorphus is characterized by biverticillate and monoverticillate penicilli, ampulliform phialides, slimy texture with sparse mycelial funicles and absent conidiogenesis on MEA. T. lentulus is featured by vivid yellow mycelium on Cz and MEA, absent conidiogenesis on CYA, and globose smooth-walled conidia. T. mae presents sparse conidia on CYA and YES, funiculous and floccose texture on MEA, and ovoid smooth-walled conidia. Both morphological and molecular characters show that T. dimorphus is unique and has no close relatives. Although T. lentulus and T. mae resembles T. adpressus and T. pinophilus very much, phylogenetic analyses of CaM, BenA, ITS and Rpb2 sequences all support their status as novel species.
Vanillic acid changed cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedling rhizosphere total bacterial, Pseudomonas and Bacillus spp. communities
Authors: Zhou Xingang , Wu Fengzhi
Published: March 2018

Soil microorganisms are key drivers of plant productivity in terrestrial ecosystems, yet controls on their diversities and abundances are not fully elucidated. Phenolic acids, released through plant root exudation and residues decomposition, are usually referred as autotoxins of several crops, including cucumber. In this study, effects of vanillic acid (VA) on cucumber rhizosphere microbial communities were investigated by treating cucumber seedlings with VA every two days for five times. Amplicon sequencing, PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative PCR were used to analyzed the 16S rRNA genes of total bacterial, Pseudomonas and Bacillus spp. communities. Results showed that VA at 0.05 μmol g−1 soil changed total bacterial community diversity and composition. In particular, VA inhibited the relative abundances of genera with plant-beneficial potentials, such as Bacillus and Lysobacter spp. Moreover, VA changed Pseudomonas and Bacillus spp. community compositions by altering the number and/or relative abundances of their OTUs; and decreased Bacillus spp. community abundance at 0.02 to 0.2 μmol g−1 soil and Pseudomonas spp. community abundance at 0.2 μmol g−1 soil. Overall, VA changed cucumber seedling rhizosphere total bacterial, Pseudomonas and Bacillus spp. communities, which maybe be associated with the adverse effects of VA on cucumber growth under soil conditions.
Tracking vegetation phenology across diverse North American biomes using PhenoCam imagery
Authors: Richardson Andrew D. , Hufkens Koen , Milliman Tom , Aubrecht Donald M. , Chen Min , Gray Josh M. , Johnston Miriam R. , Keenan Trevor F. , Klosterman Stephen T. , Kosmala Margaret , Melaas Eli K. , Friedl Mark A. , Frolking Steve
Published: March 2018

Vegetation phenology controls the seasonality of many ecosystem processes, as well as numerous biosphere-atmosphere feedbacks. Phenology is also highly sensitive to climate change and variability. Here we present a series of datasets, together consisting of almost 750 years of observations, characterizing vegetation phenology in diverse ecosystems across North America. Our data are derived from conventional, visible-wavelength, automated digital camera imagery collected through the PhenoCam network. For each archived image, we extracted RGB (red, green, blue) colour channel information, with means and other statistics calculated across a region-of-interest (ROI) delineating a specific vegetation type. From the high-frequency (typically, 30 min) imagery, we derived time series characterizing vegetation colour, including “canopy greenness”, processed to 1- and 3-day intervals. For ecosystems with one or more annual cycles of vegetation activity, we provide estimates, with uncertainties, for the start of the “greenness rising” and end of the “greenness falling” stages. The database can be used for phenological model validation and development, evaluation of satellite remote sensing data products, benchmarking earth system models, and studies of climate change impacts on terrestrial ecosystems.
Pediatric patients at risk for fever in chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in Bern, Switzerland, 1993-2012
Authors: von Allmen Annina N. , Zermatten Maxime G. , Leibundgut Kurt , Agyeman Philipp , Ammann Roland A.
Published: March 2018

Fever in neutropenia (FN) is the most frequent potentially life threatening complication of chemotherapy for cancer. Prediction of the risk to develop FN during chemotherapy would allow for targeted prophylaxis. This retrospective, single centre cohort study in pediatric patients diagnosed with cancer before 17 years covered two decades, 1993 to 2012. The 583 (73%) of 800 patients diagnosed with cancer who had received chemotherapy were studied here. Data on 2113 observation periods was collected, defined by stable combinations of 11 predefined characteristics potentially associated with FN. They covered 692 years of cumulative chemotherapy exposure time, during which 712 FN episodes were diagnosed, 154 (22%) of them with bacteremia. The risk to develop FN and FN with bacteremia remained stable over time. These data can mainly be used to study FN risks over time and between centers, and to derive or externally validate FN risk prediction rules.
Optimized polydopamine coating and DNA conjugation onto gold nanorods for single nanoparticle bioaffinity measurements
Authors: Azab Marwa M. , Cherif Rédha , Finnie Aryanne L. , Abou El-Alamin Maha M. , Sultan Maha A. , Wark Alastair W.
Published: March 2018

The formation of a stable polydopamine layer on a nanorod surface depends on the underlying chemistry and optimization enables the formation of packed ssDNA monolayers for bioaffinity applications.
Synthesis and optical properties of ordered-vacancy perovskite cesium bismuth halide nanocrystals
Authors: Nelson R. D. , Santra K. , Wang Y. , Hadi A. , Petrich J. W. , Panthani M. G.
Published: March 2018

Vacancy-ordered cesium bismuth halide nanocrystals were synthesized using hot-injection methods.
Exploration of bulk and interface behavior of gas molecules and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid using equilibrium and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation and quantum chemical calculation
Authors: Yang Quan , Achenie Luke E. K.
Published: March 2018

In-depth exploration of bulk and interface behavior of penetrants and ILs via MD simulation and QC calculation.
Characterisation, coverage, and orientation of functionalised graphene using sum-frequency generation spectroscopy
Authors: AlSalem Huda S. , Holroyd Chloe , Danial Iswan Melissa , Horn Andrew B. , Denecke Melissa A. , Koehler Sven P. K.
Published: March 2018

Sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectrum of the para C–H bond of phenyl rings which have been grafted onto CVD graphene.
Monomer recovery through advanced pyrolysis of waste high density polyethylene (HDPE)
Authors: Diaz-Silvarrey Laura S. , Zhang Kui , Phan Anh N.
Published: March 2018

Cold plasma increases the recovery of ethylene opening up a new route for plastic manufacture avoiding the use of fossil fuels.
A simple approach for glutathione functionalized persistent luminescence nanoparticles as versatile platforms for multiple in vivo applications
Authors: Yu Zhengze , Liu Bo , Pan Wei , Zhang Tingting , Tong Lili , Li Na , Tang Bo
Published: March 2018

We develop a simple method by constructing glutathione (GSH) conjugated persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs–GSH) as versatile platforms for multiple biological applications.
Integrated nanozymes: facile preparation and biomedical applications
Authors: Wu Jiangjiexing , Li Sirong , Wei Hui
Published: March 2018

Attributed to nanoscale proximity effects, integrated nanozymes with superior activities, specificity, and stability will be a hot topic in the future.
β-Bi2O3 reduction by laser irradiation in a liquid environment
Authors: D’Angelo D. , Filice S. , Miritello M. , Bongiorno C. , Fazio E. , Neri F. , Compagnini G. , Scalese S.
Published: March 2018

This study reports the structural and stoichiometric modifications of bismuth oxide nanoparticles in the β phase (β-Bi2O3) by UV pulsed laser irradiation in water or ethanol solutions.
Time-evolution of the electrical characteristics of MoS2 field-effect transistors after electron beam irradiation
Authors: Lu Ming-Yen , Wu Shang-Chi , Wang Hsiang-Chen , Lu Ming-Pei
Published: March 2018

The mechanisms of threshold voltage shift evolution of MoS2 FETs after electron beam irradiation were demonstrated experimentally for the first time.
C,N co-doped porous TiO2hollow sphere visible light photocatalysts for efficient removal of highly toxic phenolic pollutants
Authors: Zhang Jiaqi , Xing Zipeng , Cui Jiayi , Li Zhenzi , Tan Siyu , Yin Junwei , Zou Jinlong , Zhu Qi , Zhou Wei
Published: March 2018

C,N co-doped porous TiO2hollow spheres photocatalyst is given by facile soft-template method and exhibits excellent visible-light photocatalytic activity for toxic phenolic pollutants due to its specific structure and narrowing bandgap.
Chirality control of multi-stimuli responsive and self-healing supramolecular metallo-hydrogels
Authors: Sharma Bhagwati , Singh Ashmeet , Sarma Tridib K. , Sardana Neha , Pal Asish
Published: March 2018

The spontaneous formation of supramolecular metallo-hydrogels showing multi stimuli-responsiveness and intrinsic self-healing properties upon the interaction of chiral-histidine with Zn2+ ions.
Donor–acceptor cyclopropanes as ortho-quinone methide equivalents in formal (4 + 2)-cycloaddition to alkenes
Authors: Ivanov Konstantin L. , Bezzubov Stanislav I. , Melnikov Mikhail Ya. , Budynina Ekaterina M.
Published: March 2018

A new reactivity of donor–acceptor cyclopropanes as synthetic equivalents of o-quinone methides was revealed for 2-hydroxyarylcyclopropane diesters in their formal (4 + 2)-cycloaddition to alkenes yielding chromanes.
Visualization of mercury(ii) accumulationin vivousing bioluminescence imaging with a highly selective probe
Authors: Ke Bowen , Chen Hui , Ma Lin , Zingales Sarah , Gong Deying , Hu Die , Du Lupei , Li Minyong
Published: March 2018

A reaction-based bioluminescent probe for detection of mercury(ii)in vitroand accumulationin vivo.
Ion extraction applications of bilayer-structured hybrid silicas
Authors: Besnard R. , Winkler R. , Arrachart G. , Cambedouzou J. , Pellet-Rostaing S.
Published: March 2018

The extraction of rare earths elements was performed thanks to the immobilisation of amic acid on bilayer-structured hybrid silicas.
A halogen bond-mediated highly active artificial chloride channel with high anticancer activity
Authors: Ren Changliang , Ding Xin , Roy Arundhati , Shen Jie , Zhou Shaoyuan , Chen Feng , Yau Li Sam Fong , Ren Haisheng , Yang Yi Yan , Zeng Huaqiang
Published: March 2018

Modularly tunable monopeptidic scaffold enables rapid and combinatorial evolution of a halogen bond-mediated highly active chloride channel, exhibiting an excellent anticancer activity toward human breast cancer.
The effect of earthworm extract on promoting skin wound healing
Authors: Deng Zhen-han , Yin Jian-jian , Luo Wei , Kotian Ronak Naveenchandra , Gao Shan-shan , Yi Zi-qing , Xiao Wen-feng , Li Wen-ping , Li Yu-sheng
Published: March 2018

Chronic nonhealing wounds pose a significant challenge to healthcare system because of its tremendous utilization of resources and time to heal. It has a well-deserved reputation for reducing the quality of life for those affected and represent a substantial economic burden to the healthcare system overall. Earthworms are used as a traditional Chinese medicine, and have been applied pharmacologically and clinically since a long time in China. However, there is paucity in data regarding its wound healing effects. Therefore, we investigated the effect of earthworm extract (EE) on skin wound healing process. The obtained data showed that EE has healing effects on local wound of mice. It decreased the wound healing time and reduced the ill-effects of inflammation as determined by macroscopic, histopathologic, hematologic, and immunohistochemistry parameters. The potential mechanism could be accelerated hydroxyproline and transforming growth factor-β secretion—thus increasing the synthesis of collagen, promoting blood capillary, and fibroblast proliferation. It could accelerate the removal of necrotic tissue and foreign bodies by speeding up the generation of interleukin-6, white blood cells, and platelets. It thus enhances immunity, reduces the risk of infection, and promotes wound healing. All in all, the obtained data demonstrated that EE improves quality of healing and could be used as a propitious wound healing agent.
Preparation of graphene nanowalls on nickel foam as supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Zhou Haitao , Liu Dabo , Luo Fei , Luo Bingwei , Tian Ye , Chen Dongsheng , Shen Chengmin
Published: March 2018

Graphene nanowalls (GNWs) were deposited on the surface of the copper foil, nickel foam and glass using the plasma‐enhanced chemical vapour deposition (13.56 MHz) method. The etching effect of hydrogen on the morphology of the GNWs was investigated by varying the CH4/H2 ratio during the graphene growth. Supercapacitor electrodes made of GNWs on nickel foam were tested with cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge methods, showing premium electrical double‐layer performance and cyclic stability.
Empirical models of Jupiter’s interior from Juno data
Authors: Ni Dongdong
Published: March 2018

Context. The Juno spacecraft has significantly improved the accuracy of gravitational harmonic coefficients J4, J6 and J8 during its first two perijoves. However, there are still differences in the interior model predictions of core mass and envelope metallicity because of the uncertainties in the hydrogen-helium equations of state. New theoretical approaches or observational data are hence required in order to further constrain the interior models of Jupiter. A well constrained interior model of Jupiter is helpful for understanding not only the dynamic flows in the interior, but also the formation history of giant planets.

Aims. We present the radial density profiles of Jupiter fitted to the Juno gravity field observations. Also, we aim to investigate our ability to constrain the core properties of Jupiter using its moment of inertia and tidal Love number k2 which could be accessible by the Juno spacecraft.

Methods. In this work, the radial density profile was constrained by the Juno gravity field data within the empirical two-layer model in which the equations of state are not needed as an input model parameter. Different two-layer models are constructed in terms of core properties. The dependence of the calculated moment of inertia and tidal Love number k2 on the core properties was investigated in order to discern their abilities to further constrain the internal structure of Jupiter.

Results. The calculated normalized moment of inertia (NMOI) ranges from 0.2749 to 0.2762, in reasonable agreement with the other predictions. There is a good correlation between the NMOI value and the core properties including masses and radii. Therefore, measurements of NMOI by Juno can be used to constrain both the core mass and size of Jupiter’s two-layer interior models. For the tidal Love number k2, the degeneracy of k2 is found and analyzed within the two-layer interior model. In spite of this, measurements of k2 can still be used to further constrain the core mass and size of Jupiter’s two-layer interior models.
Current knowledge on use of essential oils as alternative treatment against fish parasites
Authors: Tavares-Dias Marcos
Published: March 2018

This review article focuses on current knowledge about in vitro and in vivo experimentation relating to use of essential oils (EOs) to combat fish parasites. In addition, we discuss the existing methodologies used in studies to determine the antiparasitic activity of EOs, along with their toxicity and major compounds. The methodological approaches used to describe the anthelmintic properties of EOs were demonstrated. The consistency of their activity and thus their potential use for fish ectoparasites (in vitro and in vivo) and endoparasites (in vitro) control was reviewed. There is a clear need to find EOs and active agents of EOs to treatment in vivo against endoparasites of fish. Thus, progress may be achieved through considering the beneficial aspects of EOs when their complementarity and potentiality are exploited. EOs are therefore viable alternative sources of therapeutic products against fish parasites. On the other hand, use of chemotherapeutics has been increasingly questioned, such that constant environmental and consumer concerns regarding them now exist. The synergistic functions of EOs, in comparison with the action of one or two major compounds of these oils, seems unquestionable. It is possible that their activity is modulated by several molecules of the major compounds. Lastly, EOs are bioactive products that are viable sources of therapy against fish parasites. Although more than 3000 EOs are known, less than 0.4% of them have been tested on fish parasites. Thus, it has become clear that more studies testing these therapeutic alternatives are required, in order to evaluate the antiparasitic potential of other EOs for controlling fish parasites and to maximize their benefits to hosts.
Trapping for invasive crayfish: comparisons of efficacy and selectivity of baited traps versus novel artificial refuge traps
Authors: Green Nicky , Bentley Matt , Stebbing Paul , Andreou Demetra , Britton Robert
Published: March 2018

Non-native crayfish can dominate the invertebrate biomass of invaded freshwaters, with their high ecological impacts resulting in their populations being controlled by numerous methods, especially trapping. Although baited funnel traps (BTs) are commonly used, they tend to be selective in mainly catching large-bodied males. Here, the efficacy and selectivity of BTs were tested against an alternative trapping method based on artificial refuges (ARTs) that comprised of a metal base with several tubes (refuges) attached. The target species was signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus in an upland river in southwest England. Trapping was completed in April to October over two consecutive years. In total, 5897 crayfish were captured, with 87% captured in ARTs. Comparison of the catch per unit effort (CPUE) between the trapping methods in the same 24 hour periods revealed significantly higher CPUE in ARTs than of BTs. ARTs fished for 6 consecutive days had higher catches than both methods over 24 hours. Whilst catches in BTs were significantly dominated by males (1.49M:1F), the sex ratio of catches in ARTs was 0.99M:1F. The mean carapace length of crayfish was also significantly larger in BTs (43.2 ± 0.6 mm) than in ARTs (33.6 ± 0.2 mm). Thus, ARTs had higher CPUE over 24 hour and 6 day periods versus BTs and also captured a greater proportion of smaller and female individuals. These results indicate that when trapping methods are deployed for managing invasions, the use of ARTs removes substantial numbers of crayfish of both sexes and of varying body sizes.
La frénectomie vestibulaire en chirurgie plastique parodontale
Authors: Monnet-Corti V. , Antezack A. , Moll V.
Published: March 2018

Les freins vestibulaires sont des bandes de tissu mou qui relient la lèvre ou la joue à la muqueuse alvéolaire ou à la gencive et qui peuvent limiter leurs mouvements. Ces replis de muqueuse s’insèrent, dans certains cas, trop près des dents et sont alors associés à la persistance d’un diastème. De plus, lorsqu’un frein est trop volumineux, il peut être à l’origine de récession gingivale en exerçant une traction sur les tissus mous entourant la dent. La position du frein peut s’apicaliser et ainsi être corrigée au cours de la croissance, avec l’éruption des dents antérieures. Toutefois, lorsqu’il représente un complexe physique ou lorsqu’il est associé à une douleur ou une récession gingivale, une frénectomie est indiquée. La frénectomie est une procédure simple qui consiste en l’élimination chirurgicale totale d’un frein. La présence d’un frein médian vestibulaire maxillaire hypertrophique associé à un diastème représente l’indication la plus couramment rencontrée chez les enfants. Son élimination contribuera à l’obtention d’une fermeture stable du diastème dans le temps.
Renforcement pré-orthodontique du parodonte au phénotype fragile
Authors: Goubron C. , Le Gall M. , Philip-Alliez C. , Monnet-Corti V.
Published: March 2018

Parodontologie et orthodontie sont deux disciplines odontologiques intimement liées, l’une et l’autre agissant sur le parodonte de nos patients. Si dans la majeure partie des cas l’orthodontie n’a pas d’effet néfaste sur le parodonte, en cas de parodonte dont le phénotype est fragile (faible hauteur ou absence de tissu kératinisé, tables osseuses fines, fenestrations ou déhiscences osseuses), le traitement orthodontique peut, selon les mouvements effectués, entraîner ou aggraver des récessions parodontales inesthétiques et douloureuses pour le patient et compromettre les résultats. Au travers d’un cas clinique, nous verrons comment prévenir et traiter ces cas afin de rendre possible le traitement orthodontique et maintenir ses résultats dans le temps.
L’auto-transplantation : une approche sous-estimée ?
Authors: Morel A. , Hamon J. , Lim A. , Brézulier D. , Fau V. , Sorel O.
Published: March 2018

L’auto-transplantation est une solution thérapeutique encore méconnue qui présente de multiples indications chez le patient en cours de croissance. Elle nécessite une étroite collaboration entre l’orthodontiste, le chirurgien-dentiste et le chirurgien oral. Nous illustrerons cet article par un cas clinique de transplantation d’une prémolaire en place d’une incisive centrale après un rappel des indications, des avantages et de la procédure chirurgicale de cette méthode.
Comprendre les déterminants
de la désinformation scientifique aujourd’hui
Authors: Hurel Tristan
Published: March 2018

Énergie de très haute technologie, le nucléaire fait appel
aux connaissances scientifiques les plus pointues.
Son intérêt repose aussi sur cette même science, tant
dans son fonctionnement que dans les avantages qu’il procure,
notamment au regard du changement climatique. Comme
d’autres sujets scientifiques, le nucléaire fait alors face à une
opposition qui prospère sur la désinformation scientifique.
Fessenheim : regard sur les emplois
indirects et induits
Authors:   La rédaction
Published: March 2018

Situées dans des territoires ruraux, les centrales nucléaires en sont généralement les principaux employeurs.
Comme toute activité industrielle, une centrale nucléaire favorise le développement économique d’un territoire faisant
émerger un tissu de PME (emplois « indirects ») et générant une activité dans d’autres secteurs (emplois « induits ») :
restauration, hébergement, commerces, santé, administration, loisirs, etc. Selon l’INSEE, la centrale de Fessenheim fait ainsi
vivre plus de 5 000 personnes entre Mulhouse et Colmar. Portraits de ces hommes et de ces femmes.
Are Prophylactic Intravenous Antibiotics Required in Routine Shoulder Arthroscopic Surgery? A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Baraza Njalalle , Leith Jordan
Published: March 2018

Purpose The purpose of this study was to find out from the literature the difference in infection rates between patients who did and patients who did not receive prophylactic antibiotics in arthroscopic shoulder surgery.

Methods We conducted a comprehensive search of the literature using Medline Ovid for prospective studies that looked at infection as the primary outcome following shoulder arthroscopy. The articles were then assessed for study design, outcome, and relevance to the specific question as part of the critical appraisal.

Results Eight partially relevant articles were obtained from the search, but there were no prospective studies comparing infection in patients who had prophylactic antibiotics versus those who did not in shoulder arthroscopy.

Conclusion No compelling evidence exists on the role of prophylactic antibiotics in preventing infections in shoulder arthroscopy.

Level of Evidence Level IV, systematic review of level IV studies.