bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of the throughput capacity of streets and roads using unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors:   SAI ", Bakhirev Igor A. ,   Research and Project Institute of General Planning for the city of Moscow", Karmadonova Natalya Yu. ,   SAI "Research and Project Institute of General Planning for the city of Moscow", Chernichenko Yaroslava A. ,   SAI "Research and Project Institute of General Planning for the city of Moscow", Tanatova Anna M. ,   SAI "Research and Project Institute of General Planning for the city of Moscow",   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI)
Published: December 2022

The road network (RN) is an essential element of urban infrastructure. A competently structured RN facili-tates rapid and safe passenger and cargo transportation and reduces the risk of traffic jams, thereby im-proving quality of life in a city. Currently, Russian cities are faced with a large number of transport problems arising from the inconsistency of the approach to the classification and design of the RN combined with a high level of car usage and correspondingly dense traffic flows. In this regard, a new approach is needed to the assessment of traffic patterns in urban environments. The key parameter of RN in urban planning is the throughput capacity of city streets and roads. Currently, this problem is dealt with by specialists from the State Autonomous Institution “Genplan Institute of Moscow”, Moscow State National Research University of Civil Engineering, Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI). The im-mediate plans of these specialists include the large-scale research work on the example of the RN of Mos-cow. The aerial video-tape-assisted method is widely used in their study to obtain simultaneous and contin-uous measurements of traffic flow parameters. By this means, data on the composition of the flow and ranges of values of throughput capacity were obtained. A well as the multiband ratio for lanes on a three-lane magistral. The article is devoted to the relevance of the research of throughput capacity of city streets and roads. The content includes the results of a “pilot” study for establishing the values of throughput ca-pacity on the example of two urban settlement sections of a strategic trunk road.
Problems of placing advertising structures on the facades of buildings in Irkutsk
Authors:   «Hankook Infra Solution» Сo. Ltd., Gun She Son , Galyautdinov Ildus I. ,   National Research Irkutsk State Technical University, Konyukhov Vladimir Yu. ,   National Research Irkutsk State Technical University
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the study is to develop a proposal for solving the problem of placing advertising structures on the facades of buildings in Irkutsk. The question of monitoring the state of facades of buildings is con-sidered from the perspective of the authorised or unauthorised placement of advertising structures and signs, as well as compliance of this placement with public safety, the intellectual property of building own-ers and other legal requirements, taking into account the interests of municipal authorities and business and the introduction of technologies aimed at cost reduction and optimisation of business processes at the mu-nicipal enterprise “Irkutsk Technical Inventory Bureau". Systemic, complex, functional, statistical and com-parative analysis methods were used in combination with expert studies and statistical predictions. Various preferences in solving the problem under study were revealed by means of a sociological survey. The solu-tions of the problem of monitoring the state of the facades of buildings from the position of placing adver-tising structures on them in Irkutsk, the introduction of technologies aimed at cost reduction and optimisa-tion of business processes at the municipal enterprise Irkutsk Technical Inventory Bureau" were shown. As well as the desire of entrepreneurs to diversify advertisements due to commercial interests. The desire of guests, tourists should be explained by their desire to travel and enjoy the rest in an urban environment that pleases the eye and soul. The desire of business guests in this regard somewhat does not coincide with the aspirations of tourists, but they are also attracted by originality, uniqueness and diversity.
Effects of disperse phase parameters on the thixotropic propertiesof silicate-sodium colloidal mixtures in the production of building materials
Authors:   Bratsk State University, Belykh Svetlana A. , Lebedeva Tatyana A. ,   Bratsk State University, Vasilyeva Diana S. ,   Bratsk State University
Published: December 2022

The objective was to study the effect of the disperse phase parameters on the thixotropic properties of silicate-sodium colloidal mixtures and to develop technological recommendations for the production of building materials. To this end, liquid glass compositions were filled with various dispersity components to the maximum extent followed by monitoring of such rheological parameters as mixture mobility and formability. Formability was evaluated by the time of vibration moulding. It was found that filling a liquid glass with a dispersed filler to the maximum extent leads toa sharp decrease in the mixture mobility. In the case of vibration exposure, the mixtures under study exhibited thixotropic properties. The impact of filler dispersion on the rheological properties of filled silicate-sodium mixtures exhibiting colloid properties was established. It was theoretically substantiated that colloidal systems show reduced mobility in the oriented state of particles of the dispersion medium caused by the introduction of a filler. The obtained experimental results can be used as a basis for technological solutions in the development of materials with the required physical and mechanical characteristics. It was established that mixtures based on filled silicate-sodium compositions demonstrate colloid properties and, consequently, a specific rheology. The manifestation of thixotropic properties is determined by the structuring of the dispersion medium caused by adsorption processes of liquid glass particles on the filler grains. The effect of filler dispersity on the formability of mixtures was established. Technological recommendations for obtaining wall construction materials based on filled liquid glass compositions were form
Study of thermodynamic processes in a concrete mixture hardening in winter conditions
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Shelekhov Igor Yu. , Dorofeeva Natalia L. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Kazazaeva Anna Yu. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: December 2022

The aim was to study thermodynamic processes taking place in a concrete mixture hardening in winter conditions. Laboratory studies show that different ways of concrete paving affect the quality of the work performed. To study thermodynamic processes, a stand was used that controlled the tempera-ture fields in different places of the volume height of the concrete product and heating elements with a positive coefficient of thermal resistance. The results of the distribution of temperature fields across different places of the volume height of the concrete mixture were analysed, depending on the differ-ent methods of concrete paving used. The studies have shown the need to tentatively warm up the base of constructions to reduce the time of concrete mixture hardening, and additionally to warm up the mixture when paving essential structures. The experiments have shown that using heating ele-ments with a positive coefficient of resistance during concrete works helps to provide the necessary quality of repair and construction work in low-temperature conditions.
Reconstruction of the park zone of Lake Molodezhnoye (Usolye-Sibirskoye city)
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Sidorova Anna A. , Kozlov Valery V. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study wasa reconstruction of the park zone of Lake Molodezhnoe in Usolye-Sibirskoye city. The methods of landscape reconstruction were used, along withstylistic solutions with composi-tional design techniques of landscape architecture. The paper presents some materials on the im-provement of an urban territory. As part of the process of reconstruction and improvement of the park zone of Lake Molodezhnoye, a special place is occupied by its landscaping. It symbolizes modern en-vironmental trends, which testify to the desire of people to take care of their health. The authors of the project paid special attention to changing the territory towards landscaping and improving park areas. In the study, zoning was prepared, as well as design territories were identified: places for recreation and for sports and cultural events. In the course of creating a project for the reconstruction of the park zone, measures were developed to improve the entire territory of the park, including the preparation of entertainment facilities, playgrounds for children, as well as the design of a pedestrian network. An overview of the park territory was also conducted on the basis of a visual study of the state of the Lake Molodezhnoyeshore in Usolye-Sibirskoye. The result of the research was the developments, which presented a project plan, taking into account the best use of natural conditions for organizing public recreation and carrying out a variety of cultural, educational, physical, and health-improving work among adults and children.
Comparative analysis of empirical dependencies for hydraulic calculation of wastewater gravity flow network
Authors:   INCO-Expert LLC, Prodous Oleg A. , Shlychkov Dmitriy I. ,   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University)
Published: December 2022

In this work, we carried out a comparative analysis of empirical dependences (A. Chézy and N.F. Fe-dorov formulas) for the hydraulic calculation of wastewater gravity flow networks. Using these formulas on a specific example, the hydraulic slope of a gravity pipeline was calculated and the error in the val-ues of the actual hydraulic potential characteristics of the pipes was determined. The data obtained showed that calculations using the Chézy formula ensure the highest accuracy. The A. Chézy formula was revised by introducing the concept of reduced pipe inner diameter. The dependency graph i = f (dpr) was plotted, indicating that the revised version of the A. Chézy formula gives more accurate re-sults than the classical one. The revised A. Chézy formula is recommended for the hydraulic calcula-tion of wastewater gravity flow networks. We proposed developing calculation tables for the hydraulic calculation of wastewater drainage flow networks with internal deposits.
Digital parametric urban planning documentation
Authors:   Company LLC “Brusnika”, Griaznova Nadezhda V. , Saytibragimov Amza E. ,   Academy of Construction and Architecture of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “V.I. Vernadsky Сrimean Federal University”
Published: December 2022

Research in the field of digital technologies in the context of an open relationship with the enveloping society has attracted significant attention. An exploratory study into creating and developing a paramet-ric online model of urban planning documentation is presented. It includes a general urban plan, rules for land use and development, area planning with the possibility to assess the impact of new site de-velopment on life in the city and the structure of the urban environment. The research technique in-cluded an analysis of the existing methods for introducing new technologies to urban planning and ur-ban studies, which allowed extensive analytical data on the use of the territory and the major technical and economic performance of site development to be obtained. An assessment of existing materials in the city information modelling and the possibility of introducing innovations in urban planning is ad-dressed. We determined the major problems of existing programmes and documents regulating rela-tions between developers and people participating in the city life and creating the urban environment. The research findings include the theory of establishing a platform to regulate the development and related algorithms that utilise parameters embedded in the online model to forecast alternative organi-sation of a city in terms of urban planning documentation. The relevance of the parametric online mod-el for urban planning documentation lies in its versatility. The transparency of all processes related to establishing an urban environment will provide a new background for designers, management struc-tures and the city as a whole.
Irkutsk "pain point": 1-335 series – houses in seismic areas, demolition or renewal. Finding potential solutions on the example of Novo-Lenino district in Irkutsk
Authors:   Architecture bureau “Archinform”, Sivova Arina O. , Gorshcharuk Anastasiia V. ,   Tyumen Industrial University, Kuzmin Bogdan V. ,   Academy of Construction and Architecture, Mitichkina Anastasia E. ,   LLC “Studio-Project”, Rusanov Mark A. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Sazonova Anastasia P. ,   Moscow Institute of Architecture
Published: December 2022

The paper examines a scenario for developing the housing sector using the Integrated Area Develop-ment Standard on the example of the Novo-Lenino district in Irkutsk. Most of the housing stock in the area comprises prefabricated housing of 1-335 series in critical condition and potentially life threaten-ing. When applying an empiric method, the objectives were identified, and solutions were found that allow a strategy and methodology for managing a massive housing area to be developed. At first sight, the 1-335 series residential buildings look like ordinary prefabricated housing that has lasted for 50 years and will serve as much again. However, apart from the obsolescence, in half a century, the build-ings have accumulated technical problems with load-bearing structures, facades (destruction of exteri-or panels because of atmospheric action) and civil engineering infrastructure. However, the most criti-cal situation has arisen because these buildings do not meet the current requirements for seismic re-sistance; for Irkutsk, this factor amounts to 7–9 points. A number of problems related to the continued operation of such housing have arisen, which need to be addressed. One solution to this situation is a strategy for regenerating the housing sector. Replacing seismically unsuitable residential buildings with new housing estate will help create a comfortable space for living with modern architectural concepts. Legal arrangements need to be developed to ensure the feasibility of regeneration projects.
Tectonic “interpretation” of neoclassicism in the evening and nighttime (on the example of Chelyabinsk)
Authors:   South Ural State University (National Research University), Shabiev Salavat G. , Prilukova Ekaterina G. ,   South Ural State University (National Research University), Chudinova Viktoria G. ,   South Ural State University (National Research University), Bokova Olga R. ,   South Ural State University (National Research University)
Published: December 2022

The aim was to analyse the architectural concept of neoclassicism, formed by the evening and night illumination in Chelyabinsk. The use of light compositions imparts artistic expression to the forms of architecture according to the requirements of ecologisation of the living environment. The knowledge in composition theory is combined with various fields of scientific knowledge, including a study of regulatory documentation and an analysis of existing architectural structures and those implemented based on a new ideology of form-making using modern technologies. This work studies domestic and foreign sources on the characteristics of tectonics, which is manifected in a new interpretation of archi-tectural structures and allowing new visualisation. We analysed the architectural-tectonic light systems formed in the city. A review of the existing concepts in architectural lighting is presented, which pro-vides complete identification and artistic comprehension of the uniqueness associated with urban her-itage. The collected theoretical material was assessed, and possible application of the research results was identified for developing the light master plan of Chelyabinsk following the international best prac-tice in designing the architectural and light environment of a megapolis.
Dependence of structural and stress-strain variatropic efficiency coefficients of spun concrete on grain size composition of coarse aggregate
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Chernykh Dmitrii S. , Stroev Dmitrii A. ,   Don State Technical University, Chernil'nik Andrei A. ,   Rostov State Transport University, El'shaeva Diana M. ,   Don State Technical University, Zherebtsov Yuriy V. ,   Don State Technical University, Dotsenko Natal'ya A. ,   Don State Technical University
Published: December 2022

At present, developing and improving low-material, energy- and resource-intense technologies to manufacture concrete and reinforced concrete products and structures have become a topical issue in the construction industry. Therefore, centrifugation technology is promising. In this article, the formu-lation of concrete with variatropic structure was improved, and the methods for its qualitative and quan-titative assessment were developed. Seven annular cross-section reference samples were manufac-tured and tested. Based on the test results of centrifuged concrete samples with different grain size compositions of the coarse aggregate, the empirical values of the integral and differential strength and deformation characteristics of concrete were determined. The structural and stress-strain variational efficiency coefficients were calculated and analysed. The optimal grain size composition of the coarse aggregate was determined and allows centrifuged concrete with an enhanced variatropy to be ob-tained, as well as the most effective coefficient of variatropic efficiency. The prospects for further en-hancing the variatropy of centrifuged and reinforced concrete products and structures by improving the formulation-technological factors were determined.
Milestones in developing an integrated analytical model to assess the typological structure of the Don River coastal area within Rostov region on the example of stanitsa Starocherkasskaya
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Bergman Anastasia V.
Published: December 2022

The paper examines the analytical stage (stage 2) performed during the formation of an integrated analytical model to assess the typological structure of the Don River coastal area within the Rostov region. An evaluation method for coastal territories within their structural characteristics is proposed. The substantiation stage (stage 1) of the complex analytical model allowed the goals and objectives of the coastal area analysis to be defined. The existing problems in the coastal area of the Don River within the stanitsa Strocherkasskaya were identified. The object and subject of investigation were defined in the complex analytical model. The research object is the coastal area of the Don River located in the stanitsa Starocherkasskaya between Beregovaya and Malosadovaya streets. The research subject is the architectural and structural patterns of the coastal area development from the 1930s up to the present. A complex coastal area analysis comprises dividing all its phases into two levels: global and local. Ultimately, by applying this method, the current state can be investigated and an analytical model built for a coastal area to provide recommendations for its preservation and improvement.
To the creative biography of Lev Petrovich Shishko (engineer, architect, scientist, teacher)
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Zolotareva Milena V. , Ponomarev Aleksandr V. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Published: December 2022

On the eve of the 190th anniversary of the Institute of Civil Engineers, it is necessary to bethink of its graduates who significantly contributed to the development of Russian architecture, engineering art, engineering and technology in the late 19th–early 20th centuries. A versatile specialist in the field of architecture, construction and engineering, L.P. Shishko is one of them, and his creative biography is discussed in this article. The research was based on evaluating archival sources, the bibliographic her-itage of the architect. Designed and erected by L.P. Shishko, the buildings were analysed, and the basic principles of their space-planning, engineering and technological solutions were revealed. A prominent representative of a galaxy of architects, civil engineer Lev Petrovich Shishko was ready to solve new problems of architecture and civil engineering: developing new solutions for structural sys-tems, increasing the efficiency of construction operations and the quality of construction, engineering systems and production equipment. The project-building activities of L.P. Shishko included the erec-tion of the Nikolaevsk railway, religious institutions, schools and other general educational institutions, revenue and private houses, industrial facilities in various Russian cities. Architect, engineer, technol-ogist, scientist and teacher, L.P. Shishko had various professions in the field of civil engineering. Through the example of his career, one can see how fundamentally civil engineer L.P. Shishko ap-proached each architectural and technological task.
Forecasting continued operation of gravity drainage networks with deposits in pipe water troughs
Authors:   INCO-Expert LLC, Prodous Oleg A. , Shlychkov Dmitriy I. ,   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University)
Published: December 2022

In this work, the formula for forecasting the continued operation of gravity drainage networks with deposits in pipe water troughs is deduced and refined. In the authors' opinion, such a forecast should be based on the hydraulic principle for assessing the efficiency of a network operation, as the most accurate. To this end, the concept associated with the efficiency of gravity drainage networks was introduced, and a criterion for its assessment was proposed. In the study, the characteristics of hydraulic potential for concrete pipes with a diameter of 400 mm were calculated as an example. An empirical formula was proposed for determining the efficiency factor of the gravity drainage network, and its deviation range was shown. It was concluded that the expert prognosis of continued operation of gravity drainage networks should be based on the efficiency factor of the network, calculated using the obtained formula. It is recommended that a method for calculating an efficiency factor describing gravity drainage networks and special tables for the hydraulic calculation of pipes having a sediment layer of different thicknesses be elaborated. The data presented in the article allow servicing of gravity drainage network to be improved by forecasting its continued operation using the efficiency factor К_ef.
High-performance heavyweight concrete containing carbon modifier
Authors:   Industrial University of Tyumen, Selezneva Olga I. , Orlov Victor S. ,   Industrial University of Tyumen, Shustov Pavel A. ,   Angarsk State Technical University,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: December 2022

Reducing the consumption of cement in the production of concrete mixtures has been a topical issue in the construction industry. The study aims to optimise the structure of concrete stone by selecting the particle size distribution of the components to nanoscale values. Such microfillers include silica fume, metakaolin, ashes, nanographite/graphene, etc. Thus, producing additives of complex action having a plasticising ability, as well as containing finely dispersed fillers forming binding material, is promising. Expandable graphite was dispersed in an aqueous medium and subjected to ultrasonic treatment using an ultrasonic bath with an 80 W generator. The particle size distribution in the graph-ite-containing suspension was studied using a laser diffraction particle analyser FritschNanoTeс with a wet dispersion system (measuring range of 0.01 to 2100 μm). Microscopic examination was carried out using a scanning electron microscope TESCAN Mira 3 with a magnification range of up to 1,000,000 times. In the present work, the physical-mechanical properties of heavyweight concrete containing modified oxidised expandable graphite were investigated. The results of microscopy and particle size distribution analysis of the graphite-containing suspension are presented. The research indicates the efficiency of ultrasonic treatment of a graphite-containing suspension and its effect on the strength characteristics of concrete. The presented results demonstrate the potential of ultrasonic treatment for additional disintegration of graphite particles in a graphite-containing suspension improving the physi-cal and mechanical characteristics of a concrete stone by adding this suspension to its composition.
Variatropic efficiency of centrifugal lightened concrete based on combined fillers
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Smolyanichenko Alla S. , Chernil'nik Andrei A. ,   Don State Technical University,   Rostov State Transport University, El'shaeva Diana M. ,   Don State Technical University, Zherebtsov Yuriy V. ,   Don State Technical University, Dotsenko Natal'ya A. ,   Don State Technical University, Samofalova Mariya S. ,   Don State Technical University, Smachney Vladislav Yu. ,   Don State Technical University
Published: December 2022

Presently, developing and improving low-material, energy- and resource-intense technologies for manufacturing concrete and reinforced concrete products and structures have become a topical issue in the construction industry. Therefore, centrifugation technology is promising. In the present work, we assess the dependence of the variatropic efficiency factors of centrifuged concrete on the grain size composition and volumetric content of coarse dense and coarse porous fillers, respectively. Ten samples having an annular cross-section were manufactured and tested. Based on the test results of centrifuged concrete samples with various combinations of the grain size composition and volumetric content of coarse dense and coarse porous fillers, respectively, the actual values of its integral and differential strength and deformation characteristics were determined. The structural and stress-strain variatropic efficiency were calculated and analysed. The optimal grain size composition and volumetric content of the coarse dense and coarse porous fillers, respectively, were determined and allowed cen-trifuged concrete with an enhanced variatropy and optimum variatropic efficiency coefficient to be ob-tained.
Developing a strategy for urban land management
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Kudryavtseva V. А. , Nikishina O. V. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: December 2022

This article investigates specific features of urban land management. Urban land management is ac-quiring particular importance, since the major focus of urban development consists in satisfying the needs of city residents. To this end, governments aim to address the problems of forming and manag-ing cities and city resources, including lands. We argue that urban lands are valuable territorial spaces that are actively involved in investment and construction processes. In this regard, city development priorities should rely on effective management of existing land resources, which have a great potential for increasing the investment attractiveness of urban territories. A number of suggestions are pro-posed to solve these tasks. It is concluded that an integral system of land management can only be formed at the state level. This requires a mechanism describing an expected economic impact, which is aimed at fulfilling state obligations in the field of land policy, creating social guarantees, ensuring the rights of land subjects, and improving the environmental situation. As a result, the competent use of land resources will contribute to overcoming crisis social phenomena, ensuring sustainable economic growth and improving the life quality of urban population on the basis of increasing the territorial value.
Technologies and materials for overhauling roads in permafrost areas
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Shaburov S. S. , Volkova E. V. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: December 2022

This paper addressed the selection of overhaul methods for roads in the permafrost area. Ensuring the strength and stability of the road base and engineering structures under the permafrost conditions and deep seasonal freezing of soils remains one of the main scientific and technical challenges of road construction and maintenance in the northern regions. The main factors causing the failure of road structures were reviewed, including both climate change and complex geological and hydrogeological conditions of the area. Since the construction of the Amur Road, the deformation has been observed in many of its sections. In 2012, the Federal State Institution of Road Management “Zabaykalye”, to-gether with engineering and scientific organisations, developed a target programme for inspecting such sections. The article discusses the renovation measures and technologies elaborated under this programme, which include the construction of culverts, rockfills, thermal diodes and cooling layers, awnings, and protective berms. The monitoring of the repaired sections shows insignificant defor-mation of the road surface and road base; 55 % of the sections were fully stabilised. However, the fi-nal assessment of the permafrost stabilisation will take a longer time. The establishment of an effective system of engineering-geocryological monitoring for the Amur Road should become the most im-portant measure, whose implementation will allow dangerous deformations to be prevented and effi-cient measures for protecting the roadbed from their negative impact to be developed.
Fatigue life of bending reinforced concrete elements with fibre-reinforced matrices
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Pinus B. I. , Korneeva I. G. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Balheeva V. D. ,   East Siberian State University of Technology and Management
Published: December 2022

An experimental-probabilistic analysis of variations in the load-bearing capacity of bending reinforced concrete elements with matrices reinforced by polypropylene fibres was carried out. A numerical ex-periment was conducted using the normative methodology of multi-link and layerwise modelling of el-ement cross-sections and experimental "σ-ε" diagrams of fibrocomposites in initial and post-cyclic (50 cycles with η = 0.8 amplitude and zero asymmetry) states. Probabilistic changes in the load-bearing capacity of bending elements subjected to cyclic loads were estimated by the numerical strength modelling of rectangular beams (b × h = 100 × 200 mm) with the one-sided reinforcement (A400 class) of varying intensity. The observed high value of fatigue life of reinforced concrete ele-ments with fibre-reinforced matrices was found to be associated with the presence of mechanisms compensatory for structural changes, i.e., a decrease in the strength is accompanied by an increase in the ability to redistribute internal forces. A post-cyclic reduction in the strength of concrete causes practically no effect on the load-bearing capacity of bending elements with a large and economically preferable range of their structural reinforcement. The reliability kinetics of elements, estimated by the level of the realised concrete strength potential, was analysed. Moderate (μ ≤ μR) reinforcement was found to result in objective conditions for increasing the completeness of the stress diagram in the compressed cross-sectional part due to the redistribution of forces along the height. In this case, de-spite a significant decrease in the strength of concrete, the load-bearing capacity of elements at μ ≤ 2.5% reinforcement remains practically the same after cyclic effects.
Assessment of the applicability and error of eigendecomposition in the problems of nonlinear multidi-mensional system dynamics
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Sobolev V. I. , Karmazinov D. A. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: December 2022

Real structural elements exhibit various nonlinear properties, which are most significantly manifested during intensive dynamic processes. The deviation of mechanical characteristics from the linear ones adopted in idealised models, for which the problem of eigenvalues is solved, can lead to unacceptable calculation errors or completely false results. For this reason, the accuracy and applicability of linear models and resulting methods based on solving problems of eigenvalues remain an open question. The study is aimed at the analysis of errors associated with the application of spectral methods in “best” approximations of nonlinear characteristics by linear dependences, obtained on the basis of root-mean-square approximations, which prevent superfluous doubts about the result formation. A dy-namic model of an unsupported beam with two concentrated masses oscillating in directions perpen-dicular to the stiffness axis was considered. For the linear model, the accuracy of approximating the initial nonlinear stiffness was assessed by comparing the amplitude displacement values and velocities of the system at the linearized and initial stiffness. In addition, a comparison of the above linearization method with the linearization by a zero first derivative of the nonlinear stiffness function is considered. The discrepancies in the results represent the functions of initial conditions. The limit values of devia-tions at the maximum point of the function, describing the nonlinearity of stiffness, comprised 2.02 and 10.55% for the methods of standard deviation and zero first derivative, respectively. The obtained re-sults require clarification with regard to structural systems used in construction practice.
Mathematical methods of substantiating and logical modelling of a resource-saving environmentally safe critical infrastructure system
Authors:   A. M. Prokhorov Academy of Engineering Sciences, Tshovrebov E. S. , Kostarev S. N. ,   Perm Military Institute of National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation, Sereda T. G. ,   Perm State Agro-Technological University named after Academician D. N. Pryanishnikov, Niyazgulov F. H. ,   Russian University of Transport (MIIT)
Published: December 2022

In this work, a theoretical basis for a comprehensive assessment of the environmental hazard of wastes, which are formed during the functioning of critical infrastructure in residential territories, is de-veloped. In addition, a resource-saving (resource-recovering) system is proposed for ensuring the protection of natural environment and vitally important human interests from the anthropogenic impact of wastes, thus creating favourable conditions for the vital activity of a population. The study was con-ducted using mathematical methods, such as mathematical logic and vector algebra, for assessing the system of an ecologically safe critical infrastructure of populated areas. It is argued that the formation of a resource-saving system, which does not include wastes as its constituent element, provides the integrity of a closed material-raw cycle. Moreover, such a system reduces the formation of waste mate-rial masses (sources of environmental hazard) as a quantitative result of the system to zero. It is shown that environmental hazards in residential areas can be prevented in those places, where a system of processing construction and other products at the last life cycle stage as secondary resources is im-plemented and no hazardous wastes are forwarded for disposal in the natural environment. The ob-tained results can be used when assessing the environmental safety of concepts, strategies, pro-grammes and projects at federal, regional and sectoral levels in the field of resource saving, waste and secondary resources management, as well as for ensuring the environmental safety of residential are-as.
Garage amnesty and/or integrated territorial development?
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Druzhinina I. E.
Published: December 2022

This study continues the author's article series aimed at examining the territory of garage cooperatives (GCs) in Irkutsk as prospective development areas and reserves of urban lands. The “garage amnesty” law accepted by the State Duma of the Russian Federation provides the citizens with the possibility to legalise their garages and land plots, which makes the integrated development of GCs highly specific. The study analyses territories of the most valuable landscapes in the southern part of the Sverdlovsk Okrug occupied with GCs, which impede their integrated development. An empirical research method was used, including a description, comparison by districts and calculation of actual GC areas formed by 2021 in Irkutsk. An analysis of the GC location was carried out with the provision of absolute and relative indicators. In the process of the study, a strategy for improving the quality of the living environment by transforming the areas of garage cooperatives into attractive recreational zones with highly effective multifunctional facilities was developed. This strategy proposes a compact storage of cars, their maintenance, arrangement of individual vegetable storages and organisation of other public functions at the places of GC location with the transformation of the latter into a comfortable environment both for owners of personal vehicles and neighbourhood residents. GC territories can be transformed into potential sites of city development. The paper contains schemes and research results obtained in the framework of the final qualification work in the "Architecture" speciality of student M.V. Malkina (2021) under the guidance of the author of the present article at the Irkutsk National Research Technical University (INRTU).
Microbially induced clay weathering: Smectite-to-kaolinite transformation
Authors: Yang Xiaoxue , Li Yanzhang , Li Yan , Lu Anhuai , Dong Hailiang , Jin Song , Ding Hongrui
Published: December 2022

Microbially induced formation and transformation of clay minerals are known to be ubiquitous in nature. This work investigated the smectite-to-kaolinite transformation by Bacillus mucilaginosus, a kind of silicate-weathering bacterium. Results showed that the microbe-smectite system doubled protein production compared with the abiotic controls and enhanced dissolved 1.6% of total Si and 0.9% of total Al from smectite after the 25 days experiment. The formation of kaolinite was verified through its distinguished d(001)-spacing of 0.710 nm revealed by synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction (SR-XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM). HR-TEM analysis indicated some mixed layers of smectite and kaolinite appeared in the form of a super-lattice structure. Moreover, the compositional and morphological changes of the solids suggested the emergence of kaolinite was associated with the formation of amorphous SiO2 and fragmented clay particles with lower Si/Al ratio and exposed crystal edge. Based on the detection of –C=O species on the smectite surface and the decrease of pH from 8.5 to 6.5, we inferred the organic ligands secreted by Bacillus mucilaginosus complexed with cations, especially for Si, which stripped the tetrahedral sheets and promoted the kaolinization of smectite. To our knowledge, this is the first report of microbially induced smectite-to-kaolinite transformation under ambient conditions in a highly-efficient way. This work could shed light on a novel pathway of microbe-promoted weathering of smectite to kaolinite at the Earth surface conditions. Such a robust and efficient transformation from expansive smectite to non-expansive clays as kaolinite may be of great potential in enhancing oil recovery in reservoirs.
Mapping organic packaging research: Environmental concern and health safety
Authors: Bliumska-Danko Kseniia , Charreire-Petit Sandra , Qu Dongxu , Shevchenko Tetiana
Published: December 2022

The adoption of biopolymer packaging materials to replace petroleum-based plastic packaging has become a global trend, which could reduce environmental impact and potential health threats. Therefore, the paper analyzes trends in organic packaging research and the prospects of its application. This study employs bibliometric methods to select relevant studies using a preset search string. The dynamics of publications, the most influential authors and articles, as well as the most productive institutions and countries on the topic for 2017–2022 were determined. To collect the data, Elsevier’s database Scopus was selected. The analysis revealed five salient research themes through text mining analysis: packaging and public health; packaging and children’s health safety; eco-friendly packaging and consumer behavior; food packaging and labeling; and packaging with a focus on marketing and advertising. 864 terms from 40 articles were analyzed. As a result, most selected publications focused on the impact of packaging on the environment. In addition, some publications consider it from the perspective of consumer safety. Moreover, consumers unconsciously associate organic packaging with products’ safety and quality. However, the marketing and advertising of organic packaging are insufficient, as well as the application of organic packaging in children’s food products.
Acknowledgment The study was conducted within the framework of the ERASMUS+ Jean Monnet Project “Production and dissemination of circular economy ideas in accordance with the EU Action Plan.” Furthermore, Kseniia Bliumska-Danko gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Government of France within the framework of the PAUSE program (National Program of Urgent Assistance and Reception of Scientists).
Changes in Mental Health Needs during COVID-19 in the Republic of Georgia: A Longitudinal Follow-up Study
Authors: Makhashvili Nino , Pilauri Ketevan , Mulick Amy , Javakhishvili Jana Darejan , Sturua Lela , Fuhr Daniela C. , Roberts Bayard
Published: December 2022

Background:

To examine changes in COVID-19 stressors and symptoms of mental disorders in the Republic of Georgia.

Methods:

A longitudinal design was used. Following on from our study of May-June 2020, this follow-up study in January-March 2021 was conducted at: (i)an individual level with the same respondents involved in the May-June 2020 study (repeat responders/cohort); and (ii) at a population-wide level, using non-probabilistic sampling. Questionnaire sections covered: (i)demographic, socio-economic characteristics; (ii)level of burden caused by COVID-19-related stressors/concern; and (iii)symptoms of anxiety(GAD-7), depression(PHQ-9), PTSD(ITQ), adjustment disorder(ADNM8). Descriptive and multivariable regression analyses were conducted.

Results:

Among population-level survey respondents(N=1195), the probability of reporting mental ill health symptoms increased in 2021 compared to 2020 for PTSD(OR1.82), depression(OR1.40), adjustment disorder(OR 1.80), and marginally for anxiety(OR1.17). For the individual repeat respondents(N=455), the probability increased for depression(OR1.88) and adjustment disorder(OR2.56). The perceived burden of pandemic concern worsened in 2021 compared to 2020 for almost all stressors, particularly around access to health care, infecting others, and conflict in the home. PTSD was associated with an increased concern score from 2020 to 2021.

Conclusion:

Our study highlights the need to strengthen response strategies to address the elevated mental health needs related to COVID-19 in Georgia. It recommends increasing accessibility of early interventions and the need to modernise mental health services to strengthen access to care. It also calls for monitoring patterns of mental health disorders for better understanding and responses to mental health needs in Georgia.
Visual Performance, Spectacle Independence, Visual disturbances and Patient Satisfaction after Cataract Surgery: Comparison of 2 Diffractive Intraocular Lenses in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Al Fayyadh Mohammed , Al Subaie Majed , El Salamony Mohammed , Al Rajhi Abdullah , Jindan Mohanna Al
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of the AcrySof PanOptix intra-ocular lens and AT LISA tri 839MP trifocal IOL, 6 months after cataract surgery.

Patients and Methods:

This retrospective cohort study evaluated patients who underwent bilateral cataract surgery with diffractive IOL implantation. Patients were divided into two groups based on the IOL model implanted (AcrySof PanOptix IOL; AT LISA tri 839MP trifocal IOL). Study parameters were noted preoperatively (visual acuity only) and 6 months postoperatively. At the 6-month post-operative visit, both eyes were examined for the following: uncorrected distance visual acuity at far (6 m), uncorrected intermediate visual acuities (UIVA) at 80 cm and 60 cm, near uncorrected visual acuity at 40 cm, incidence of posterior capsule opacification, presence of subjective photic phenomena, in addition to a questionnaire assessing the quality of life and visual function.

Results:

Thirty nine patients (78 eyes) with diffractive IOLs (AT LISA, n=23; PanOptix n=16) were included. No statistical significance was found between the lenses. The median power of both implanted lenses was 21. Post-operatively, the AT LISA group showed slightly lower median UIVA than the PanOptix group at 60 cm and the reverse at 80 cm. A larger number of patients in the PanOptix group showed better performance at intermediate activities than in the AT LISA group. Posterior capsule opacification developed in significantly fewer eyes with PanOptix (6.2%) than with AT LISA (17.4%), none had double vision, and the photic phenomena were found troublesome by >20% of the patients in either group. Overall satisfaction was comparably high.

Conclusion:

Both IOLs had similar and favorable visual outcomes. However, PanOptix IOL had better performance at 60 cm in intermediate visual activities.
Mental Health of Mothers of Preschoolers Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sumiyoshi Tomoko , Satoh Yukiko , Tanaka Mio
Published: December 2022

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic and the government’s emergency declarations in Japan may have influenced people’s mental health. In particular, among women, there are concerns about the occurrence of neuroses, such as depression and anxiety.

Objective:

This study aimed to identify the factors related to mental distress among women in Japan who were raising children amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

An online survey was conducted in 2020 among 730 Japanese women raising preschoolers. The survey included questions about child-rearing, anxiety, and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). The average age of the respondents was 34.4 years (21–52 years), and 31.5% of the respondents were living in “Prefectures under Specific Cautions” areas.

Results:

The prevalence of clinically significant levels of mental distress according to GHQ-12 scores was 41.5%. The highest predictor of mental distress was “Maternal anxiety about child-rearing” (Odds Ratio = 3.27, 95% Confidence Interval: 2.41–4.45). Other factors that affected their mental condition included concerns about children’s health and avoiding visiting hospitals for treatment.

Conclusion:

Mothers raising preschoolers experienced increased mental distress because of pandemic-related closures and heightened maternal anxiety about child-rearing. Thus, women who are raising preschoolers and confined to their homes need to be provided mental healthcare.