bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Letter of Censure to the Jurists who Issued the Latest Judgement on Apostasy
Authors: Kadivar Mohsen
Published: September 2021

On 26 May 2012, Kadivar in his colleagues published an open letter to six Shi’ite authorities criticizing their Judgements (fatwa) on Apostasy of an Iranian singer. The main subjects of this letter are: Instead of Targeting the Effect, Target the Cause, Two Strands of Extremism, The Compassionate Islam, The Distinction between Critique and Insult, Rejection of the Fatwa on Executing an Apostate and Blasphemer, Resorting to Qur’anic and Hadith Standards when Confronted with Nonsensical and Absurd Talk, and Unwholesome Fallout from the Judgement to Assassinate.
Condemning to death an accused apostate or blasphemer is void of any reliable religious evidence from the Qur’an, Sunna, consensus and reason. Rather, it is contrary to the Qur’an and reason. Moreover, due to the many perversions resulting from this decree, it would certainly be a cause of weakening and impairing Islam. Only a competent court is entitled to issue such a judicial ruling, and its implementation is restricted to court functionaries alone. The decree of a qualified jurist alone does not suffice. Killing an apostate or blasphemer of the Prophet is absolutely void of any reliable Qur’anic proof.
Insulting the Prophet is a Form of Hate Speech1
Authors: Kadivar Mohsen
Published: September 2021

Kadivar in his October 2012 interview focuses on two issues: “Insulting the Prophet of Islam” and “Violent Tendencies in Islam”. According to him, when confronted with criticism against their Prophet and the Qur’an, Muslims should show tolerance and pursue those who spew insults and derogatory remarks (which he considers an instance of “hate speech”) by peaceful measures to make their case under the rubric of rights, ethics and protests, while abstaining from all forms of violence and by producing appropriate cultural material to refute the other side’s disdainful material.
If there is a law against hate speech, then a person could pursue his or her case in court by fi ling a complaint. If a country lacks such a law, then we should caution its government and point out the necessity of formulating one and then applying it. I invite others to exercise tolerance in all such cases in the sense that instead of engaging in killing and violent demonstrations, Muslims should impose an economic boycott against those countries that do not conduct themselves ethically in such matters.
Albania: Crossing Borders with a New Imaginary
Authors: Williams Bruce , Myftari Kledian
Published: September 2021

The chapter on Albania examines the increased transnational mobility of production funds from both the former Eastern Bloc and the West, placing particular emphasis on the international education and life experiences of Albanian filmmakers debuting or active in the late 2000s and 2010s. It identifies how this cultural cosmopolitanism has rendered Albania’s decades-long isolation a thing of the past, while fostering the development of a cinema of quality and an increase in international co-productions.
Croatia: Film under Ideological Pressure – The State, Its Citizen and the Faltering Future
Authors: Pavičić Jurica , Vidan Aida
Published: September 2021

The chapter on Croatia refers to the year 2008 as a point of departure for several thematically and stylistically interesting films, due to the transformation of the financial and institutional cinematic landscape in the country, notably the establishment of Croatian Audiovisual Centre. The chapter explores recurrent themes in several recent films such as: the contemporary consequences of the Yugoslav-dissolution war, the political and patriarchal implications of intergenerational clashes, the dysfunctional public services, corruption, the adoption of a raw capitalist economy, as well as the growing concern for gender and minority rights. Moreover, the chapter highlights a recent trend of emerging women filmmakers and their achievements on the international film scene.
Turkey: Transnational Dimensions of a Large National Film Industry
Authors: Behlil Melis
Published: September 2021

The chapter on Turkey draws a multifaceted portrait of the film (and television) industry in the country, including ongoing struggles between state and filmmakers, while also presenting a critical overview of the films made. It highlights thematic and stylistic contradictions between box office hits and arthouse cinema and supports its analysis of audience numbers with dedicated charts. The chapter charts the transnational links of this large and self-sustaining industry, while also pointing to the oppressive political environment that results in both state- and self-imposed censorship.
Anticolonial Wilde
Authors: Ó Donghaile Deaglán
Published: September 2021

During his 1882 lecture tour of the United States, Oscar Wilde reminded audiences of the violence done to the Irish people and to Irish art by the powerful forces of imperialism. He acknowledged that conquest, colonisation and coercion had done much damage to a culture that continued to resist the superimposition of “alien English thought” on his country. Wilde also complained that the British empire was now fostering an artificial political consciousness that was “far removed from any love or knowledge of those wrongs of the people”.This chapter illustrates how he supported the insurgent peasantry that fought the Land Wars of the 1870s and 1880s and sympathised with workers in the United States and Britain.
Conclusion: Oscar Wilde – The Lost Revolutionary?
Authors: Ó Donghaile Deaglán
Published: September 2021

Wilde believed that, once rendered visible, the antagonistic tension between the state and the dispossessed can be demystified through art. This was in itself an important dialectical experience, both for the artist and for those who would experience his now even more refined work. In Wilde’s writings the violence of colonialism is represented as corresponding to the violence of capital. His confrontations with this dynamic constitute the real trajectory of his literary and political journey and his writings are its record: by documenting his encounters with power, along with those of the dispossessed and resistant through his fiction, drama, theoretical, historical, critical and cultural writings, Wilde constructed aestheticism as a powerfully resistant practice.
Introduction
Authors: Shokoohy Mehrdad , Shokoohy Natalie H.
Published: September 2021

Bayana, were it not for its shortage of water, might have been the capital of India. Strategically located in south-east Rajasthan on the route from Delhi to Gwalior and the Deccan, it attracted the attention of the Muslim conquerors, who made it their centre of power, with buildings praised by no less than Ibn Baṭṭūta. Until the founding of Agra it was the centre for control of the region, with the rulers, often autonomous, defying the Delhi sultans. Agriculture and the stone industry dominated, with sophisticated craftsmanship, but after a catastrophic earthquake in 1505 and the population’s migration to the newly founded capital, Agra, Bayana declined to the point that by the 19th century the Archaeological Survey of India reports show it as a forlorn remnant of past splendour. The previous archaeological studies along with the scope and field-work of the present study are outlined, as well as the present condition of the area and the regions’ influence and importance in the development of Mughal architecture.
History
Authors: Shokoohy Mehrdad , Shokoohy Natalie H.
Published: September 2021

The history of Bayana and its region is investigated from historical sources, inscriptions, and the actual buildings, beginning with its pre-Islamic origins; the conquest of Bayana by the Ghurids in 1194; the extent of the region of Bayana; its flourishing condition in the 13th and 14th centuries and the account of Ibn Battūta’s visit. The shock of Tīmūr’s invasion of North India, with the formation of independent sultanates is analysed, in particular the rise of the Auhadīs (genealogy in Appendix II) who ruled Bayana autonomously; followed by the impact of Lodī dominance; Bābur and the rise of the Mughals. The Sūrī challenge to the empire and the social conditions are also considered, in particular the appearance of a Mahdī and the purge of his cult and its militia. The return of the Mughals, and their patronage of the area is illustrated by edifices such as the garden built for Jahangīr’s mother Maryam Zamanī. Extracts from the sources (often untranslated previously) are given in the original Arabic and Persian as well as in translation, as are major epigraphs (supported by Appendix I), to form a coherent picture of this previously neglected area of North Indian history.
Mosques and Minarets
Authors: Shokoohy Mehrdad , Shokoohy Natalie H.
Published: September 2021

The variety and role of the mosques and the evolution of materials and design are discussed with surveys and photographs beginning with mosques with traditional plans in the town and fort, including the Auḥadī Jāmi‘, to the impact of the Lodī Jāmi‘ of Sikandra where a massive domed structure in the Delhi style, with a shrine included in the courtyard to give it a special status, displays Delhi’s new dominance. Small three-bayed mosques and their patrons, where known, are studied, as is the emergence of a new mosque plan. In these the prayer hall extrudes into the walled courtyard, explained through the surveys of the Tāletī Masjid, the ‘Īdgāh Masjid and two mosques at Sikandra. This plan, first seen in Bayana, was adopted on a grand scale by the Mughal Emperors, exemplified in the Mosque of Shaikh Salīm Chishtī at Fathpūr Sikrī, the Jāmiʿ of Shāhjahānābād at Delhi and the Bādshāhī (Pādshāhī) Masjid at Lahore.
Minarets as landmarks and symbols of power, beginning with that of Dāwūd Khān in the Fort followed by the unfinished Ukhā Minār, planned by Niẓām Khān to tower over the city, are also surveyed, along with a third unfinished minaret in the Fort.
‘It is astonishing how little literature has to show of the life of the poor’: Ford Madox Ford’s The English Review and D. H. Lawrence’s Early Short Fiction
Authors: Grice Annalise
Published: September 2021

Ford Madox Ford’s founding (but short lived) editorship of The English Review from 1908-1910 inspired and provided an early publication venue for the young D. H. Lawrence, who wrote several of his early stories and sketches to please his new literary mentor as he began to move in metropolitan literary circles. This chapter identifies a consistent focus on working-class themes across contributions to The English Review and outlines Ford’s interest in the conte, or what he termed ‘the real short story’, which was in Ford’s eyes best modelled by Henry James and the nineteenth-century European tradition of Maupassant and Balzac. These were writers Lawrence also admired and Ford deemed Lawrence’s earliest regional stories to be apposite for his cultural journal which called for more working class voices, an insight into the life of the poor and greater experimentation in the short form by English writers. The chapter also considers that Lawrence’s production of several (little-known) short sketches on his experiences as a schoolteacher in Croydon were intended for Ford’s journal.
Fiction for the Woman of To-day: The Modern Short Story in Eve
Authors: Wood Alice
Published: September 2021

This chapter explores short fiction published in Eve, later Eve: The Lady’s Pictorial, a magazine directed to ‘the woman of to-day and tomorrow’ in print between 1921-29. This elite English women’s paper was avowedly modern in outlook - debating new social roles for women, new ideas about psychology and sexuality, changing relations between the sexes and modernist aesthetics - at the same time as upholding traditional values such as respect for class hierarchy and marriage within its routine content of society gossip columns, fashion pages, travel writing and reviews of new books, art exhibitions and theatre. This chapter shows how the tension between modernity and convention was also reflected in the magazine’s short stories, which ranged from formulaic and conservative plots to experimental and subversive narratives. It reads stories by familiar and forgotten authors, including Elizabeth Bowen, Joyce Anstruther, Marthe Troly-Curtin and Radclyffe Hall, that, in more or less radical ways, probed new models of femininity and new models for heterosexual relationships.
Calling Parrots in Walter de la Mare and Elizabeth Bowen: A Communion in The London Mercury
Authors: Kajita Yui
Published: September 2021

In The London Mercury, Walter de la Mare and Elizabeth Bowen each published a short story featuring a cryptic parrot within three months of each other: de la Mare’s ‘Pretty Poll’ appeared in the April 1925 number, and Bowen’s ‘The Parrot’ in July 1925. Given Bowen’s appreciation for de la Mare’s work and her familiarity with The London Mercury as the ‘dominating magazine’ in the 1920s, this publication context turns their stories into possible companion pieces. This chapter first delineates the textual and thematic links between the two stories, then explores how the magazine — its presentation; its interactive community of contributors and readers; and its self-professed position as an arbiter of taste, committed to protecting and advancing literature and culture — plays a role in this intertextual communication between the two stories, which influences our interpretation. Both stories participate in the aesthetic debates in The London Mercury, subtly challenging some of its contributors’ assumptions about prose fiction. As this analysis of the magazine’s contents alongside the two authors’ literary essays show, the characteristics of the magazine seem to have stimulated de la Mare and Bowen to engage with questions of genre and form through their own stories.
John Lehmann’s War Effort: The Penguin New Writing (1940–1950)
Authors: Thorniley Tessa
Published: September 2021

John Lehmann’s The Penguin New Writing (1940-1950) is considered one of the finest literary periodicals of World War Two. The journal was committed to publishing writing about all aspects of wartime life, from the front lines to daily civilian struggles, by writers from around the world. It had an engaged readership and a high circulation. This chapter specifically considers Lehmann’s contribution to the wartime heyday for the short story form, through the example of The Penguin New Writing. By examining Lehmann’s editorial approach this chapter reveals the ways he actively engaged with his contributors, teasing and coaxing short stories out of them and contrasts this with the editorial style of Cyril Connolly at rival Horizon magazine. Stories by, and Lehmann’s interactions with, established writers such as Elizabeth Bowen, Henry Green and Rosamond Lehmann, the emerging writer William Sansom and working-class writers B.L Coombs and Jim Phelan, are the main focus of this chapter. The international outlook of the journal, which promoted satire from China alongside short, mocking works by Graham Greene, is also evaluated as an often overlooked aspect of Lehmann’s venture. Through the short stories and Lehmann’s editorials, this chapter traces how Lehmann sought to shape literature and to elevate the short story form. The chapter concludes by considering how the decline of the short story form in Britain from the 1950s onwards was closely linked to the demise of the magazines which had most actively supported it.
White Ethnographies: Luke Sutherland’s Jelly Roll
Authors: Jackson Joseph H.
Published: September 2021

Chapter 4 focuses on the literary registration of racismánd anti-racism in Scotland in Luke Sutherland’s Jelly Roll (1998). Sutherland’s novel is strongly marked by intertextual links to Irvine Welsh, and Jelly Roll attempts to re-materialise Black experience in the post-Trainspotting era of Scottish writing. The novel represents a new interpretation of the ‘Scottish journey’ undertaken by Romantics and Orcadians alike, where the cartographic objective is to represent the racialised topography of Scotland, to map its whiteness, and to imagine it as a violent ‘new geography of racism’. Central to that representation is the interrogation of anti-racism in Scotland, dominated by contradiction, machismo, and bourgeois posing that thwarts an effective resistance to racism.
Pan-Asian Filmmaking and Co-productions with China: Horizontal Collaborations and Vertical Aspirations
Authors: Khoo Olivia
Published: September 2021

This chapter explores how film industries in Asia have sourced regional funding in the form of pan-Asian collaborations and bilateral co-productions. It takes as its case study Johnnie To’s Hong Kong-China co-production Office (2015) to examine how new funding models and production practices have been developed by Asia’s film industries in response to declining theatrical audiences and changing consumer trends.
Archiving Asian Cinema
Authors: Khoo Olivia
Published: September 2021

This chapter explores issues of archiving and digital preservation in light of changing exhibition strategies, with a focus on the important roles played by the South East Asia Pacific Audio Visual Archive Association (SEAPAVAA) and the Asian Film Archive (AFA) in the creation and maintenance of a regional Asian cinema. The chapter also considers the issue of archiving broadly, to encompass not only the physical preservation of films from Asia but also journals, societies, and other forums that have sought to preserve scholarly interpretations of those films.
Asian Cinema in 3D: Regional Technical Innovation
Authors: Khoo Olivia
Published: September 2021

This chapter explores burgeoning technical developments in 3D filmmaking in Asia as practitioners aim to situate themselves as part of a regional hub for stereoscopic pre- and post-production and innovation. It takes as its case study the Singapore-Australia co-production Bait 3D (Kimble Rendall, 2012).
Epilogue: New Regional Intimacies
Authors: Khoo Olivia
Published: September 2021

In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, this epilogue considers the future of regional Asian cinema. It develops a notion of regional intimacy, manifest in the interplay between new localisms and inter-nationalisms, to explore how Asian cinema might be understood and re-configured post-pandemic.
Scottish Colonial Literature
Authors: Sandrock Kirsten
Published: September 2021

Scottish Colonial Literature is a comprehensive study of Scottish colonial writing before 1707. It brings together previously dispersed sources to argue for a tradition of Scottish colonial literature before the Union of Parliaments. It introduces the term colonial utopian literature to frame the intricate relationship between colonialism and utopianism in the seventeenth century. Offering case studies relating to colonial undertakings at Nova Scotia (1620s), East New Jersey (1680s) and at the Isthmus of Panama, then known as Darien (1690s), Scottish Colonial Literature explores how literature and culture shaped Scotland's colonial ventures in the seventeenth century. In addition, it considers works written in the larger context of the Scottish Atlantic so as to illuminate how the Atlantic shaped seventeenth-century Scottish literature and vice versa. One key question running through the book is the relationship between art and ideology. Textual narratives were powerful instruments of empire-building throughout the early modern period. This book focuses on utopianism as a framework that authors used to claim power over the Atlantic. In the Scottish context, the intersections between utopianism and colonialism shed light on the ambiguous narratives of possession and dispossession as well as internal and external colonialism in Scottish colonial writing of the seventeenth century. Scottish Colonial Literature enters debates about Scotland's position in colonial and postcolonial studies through its focus on pre-1707 Atlantic literature.
Introduction: Scottish Colonial Literature, 1603–1707
Authors: Sandrock Kirsten
Published: September 2021

This chapter establishes the book's key claim that Scottish colonial literature in the seventeenth century is poised between narratives of possession and dispossession. It introduces the term colonial utopian literature to frame the intricate relationship between colonialism and utopianism in the seventeenth century. The chapter uses the instances of book burnings in Edinburgh and London in 1700 that revolved around Scotland's colonial venture in Darien as a starting point for the discussion to make a case for the centrality of literary texts in the history of Scottish colonialism. In addition, it introduces the historical context of seventeenth-century Scottish colonialism, especially in relation to the emergent British Empire, inner-British power dynamics, and other European imperial projects. On a theoretical level, the chapter enters debates about Scotland's position in colonial and postcolonial studies through its focus on pre-1707 Atlantic literature. It also makes a fresh argument about Atlantic writing contributing to the transformation of utopian literature from a fictional towards a reformist genre.
Conclusion: Failure and Scottish Colonialism
Authors: Sandrock Kirsten
Published: September 2021

The present chapter examines why and how the concept of failure has become a prevalent narrative in discussions of Scotland's colonial schemes prior to 1707. It problematises the narrative of failure and argues that linking Scottish colonial activities between 1603 and 1707 to failure conveys an ambiguous message, which is poised between discharging Scotland from an active colonizing role prior to the Union of Parliaments and naturalizing the history of European expansion as an overall success story. A growing body of literature and historiography has questioned links between normative conceptions of success and colonialism, which this chapter uses to throw the concept of failure in Scottish colonial studies into stark relief. It seeks to open up a debate about diversifying conceptions of seventeenth-century Scottish colonialism and to address how dominant narratives of failure, benevolence, and singularity interact with contemporary debates on Scottish nationhood and postcolonialism.
Affect and Attention After Deleuze and Whitehead
Authors: Duvernoy Russell J.
Published: September 2021

The book develops a process metaphysical conception of subjectivity from the work of Gilles Deleuze and Alfred North Whitehead. This alters existential orientations towards affect and attention in ways described as ecological attunement. The study is guided by two methodological commitments: (i) demonstrating the importance and relevance of responsible speculative thinking and (ii) translating metaphysical ideas into their existential implications. Both commitments are motivated by a contemporary context of ecological crisis and paradigm transformation. In the course of its argument, the book relates the work of Deleuze and Whitehead to other speculative trends in recent philosophy, particularly posthumanisms and speculative realisms. Deleuze and Whitehead are read in a shared lineage of radical empiricism that emphasizes processes and events as metaphysically primary. A key theme is understanding subjectivity through dynamic processes of individuation at variable scales where feeling/affect and attention acquire metaphysical rather than psychological scope and status. Whitehead’s analysis of “feeling” as metaphysical operation is explored in relation to Deleuze and Guattari's Spinozist-inspired deployment of affect. Attending participates as a crucial bridge between the metaphysical and the existential in processes of consolidation of present real actual occasions. The book develops existential implications of these claims in the context of an expanded philosophical conception of ecology. These implications challenge dominant modes of subjectification under what Guattari calls “Integrated World Capitalism” (IWC). The book concludes with discussion of how speculative philosophy may contribute to alternative futures.
Introduction: Ecological Turbulence and the Adventure of Metaphysics
Authors: Duvernoy Russell J.
Published: September 2021

This is a study of metaphysical resonances between two twentieth-century thinkers conducted in a spirit of speculative pragmatism. While it presumes an interest in its main figures (Alfred North Whitehead and Gilles Deleuze), it does not aspire to exhaustively detail all of their conceptual convergences and divergences, but rather to do something with the resonance it studies. As such, with a dose of caution and humility, it follows Deleuze’s conception of philosophy as the creation of concepts. What concept comes out of a mutual reading of Deleuze and Whitehead? More specifically, how does taking seriously the process-inflected metaphysics implicated in their work potentially alter the lived experience of subjectivity?...
Individuation and Attunement: Identities in Process
Authors: Duvernoy Russell J.
Published: September 2021

Picking up the thread of an asubjective realism introduced in the first chapter, this chapter focuses on the question of individuation. Because pure experience lacks a transcendental subject as the source of identity, it intensifies questions of how to stabilise and identify either objects or enduring subjects. This metaphysical problem of individuation operates at the intersection between the abstract and the existential. The chapter argues that both Deleuze and Whitehead shift the nature of this problem from one of identifying discrete individuals to understanding processes of individuation that are perspectival, scale-relative, and by degree. The chapter develops three theses that emerge as consequences of this shift.
Conclusion: Fabulation and Epoch(s) to Come
Authors: Duvernoy Russell J.
Published: September 2021

The book concludes by summarizing key implications for ecological attunement in the context of ecological crisis. Though such implications remain resolutely pluralistic, one imperative is challenging the dominance of received norms and cultivating attention to quality and affect prior to their consolidation in such norms. A tactic for this is through cultivating attention to centre-periphery relations and corresponding background-foreground shifts. Finally, Deleuze’s repurposing of Bergson’s concept of fabulation is discussed in the context of resisting hegemonic norms in an affirmative rather than reactionary manner. This notion of fabulation is connected to Whitehead’s discussion of “propositions” and “lures for feeling”. Such affirmative fabulation seeks to create connections across differences rather than consolidate us versus them narratives. This involves an openness to the unexpected and unpredictable rather than the dogma of propagandas or ideological identity.
Violence and Female Agency: Murderess, Her Body, Her Mind
Authors: Pisters Patricia
Published: September 2021

This chapter zooms in on the trope of the angry, avenging woman, looking at the revisions of the slasher sub-genre and the reinvention of the final girl. After recalling how Woolf explains how she must ‘kill the Angel of the House’ if she wants to execute her profession as a writer and have creative agency, this chapter will first pay homage to several films made by women in the 1970s and 1980s who take up a knife or gun to become symbolic and real murderesses in Jeanne Dielman (Chantal Akerman 1975), A Question of Silence (Marleen Gorris 1982) and Welcome II the Terrordome (Ngozi Onwurah 1995). The chapter will then move to the rage and fury of avenging women in contemporary cinema by looking at American Mary (Jen & and Sylvia Sotska 2012) and especially Revenge (Coralie Forgeat 2017) and the more subdued and ambiguous terrors of domestic violence in Retrospect (Esther Rots 2018). The first chapter concludes by addressing the opacities of a poetics of relation in the television series Alias Grace (Mary Harron 2017) based on a historical case of a murderess.
Growing Pains: Breasts, Blood and Fangs
Authors: Pisters Patricia
Published: September 2021

This chapter features a new take on vampires, werewolves and other contrived souls, especially in relation to tortured coming-of-age stories that address social pressure and childhood traumas. After a short encounter with Woolf in the company of a vampire, this chapter commences with a return to Stephanie Rothman’s psychedelic exploitation film The Velvet Vampire (1971) and Katherine Bigelow’s vampire western Near Dark (1987). The vampire as connected to the confusing experiences of coming of age is picked up Moth Diaries (Mary Harron 2011) and in a less explicit but no less horrific way in Sarah Plays a Werewolf (Katharina Wyss 2017). The promise of the myth of eternal life and beauty, and the legacy of Elisabeth Bathory is revised in The Countess (July Delpie 2009) and acquires a particular twist in contemporary Japan in Helter Skelter (Mika Ninagawa 2012). Claire Denis’s Trouble Every Day (2001) takes the genre to its ontological extremes. This chapter will also turn to Butler’s re-imagination of the vampire in her novel Fledgling (2005) and the imagination of alternative relations between the human and nonhuman and looks at the new ethics of the vampire in A Girl Walks Home Alone at Night (Ana Lily Amirpour, 2014).
‘You’re Against Dawla, But You’re Listening to Their Nasheeds?’ Appropriating Jihadi Audiovisualities in the Online Streetwork Project Jamal Al-Khatib–My Path!
Authors: Ali Rami , Šibljaković Džemal , Lippe Felix , Neuburg Ulrich , Neuburg Florian
Published: September 2021

“Jamal al-Khatib” is a participatory project in the field of P/CVE, which aims at delivering alternative narratives to adolescents via digital youthwork. The target groups are youngsters who either sympathize with jihadi propaganda online, or are vulnerable to online recruitment efforts. The project was initiated by a former in prison whose intention, after he extricated himself from the jihadi scene, was to prevent other youngsters from repeating his mistakes. Besides professionals from various backgrounds reaching from social work and Islamic studies to film production and digital content management, the team consists of adolescents who either dropped out of the jihadi scene or proved to be resilient against recruitment efforts of jihadi online actors. According to the project’s peer-to-peer approach, their experiences form the basis for the campaign’s contents. Resorting to the method narrative biography-work, videos featuring alternatives to jihadist propaganda are produced. A lot of effort is put into adapting to the audiovisual appearance of IS propaganda. The videos are posted on different social media platforms, delivered to the target group via the fictional character “Jamal al-Khatib” and discussed in the course of online street work. Evaluation demonstrates that the project was successful in attracting a hard-to-reach target group online.
Contested Chants: The Nashīd Ṣalīl Al-Ṣawārim and its Appropriations
Authors: Dick Alexandra , Fuhrmann Larissa-Diana
Published: September 2021

In this chapter, we present an in-depth analysis of the well-known IS nashīdṢalīl al-Ṣawārim as well as a range of audiovisual appropriations, including a tutorial-like piano cover, an inverted (MIDIFLIP) version, a hardcore remix, an animated gamification version, a re-enactment of an IS beheading and a Misheard Lyrics version. All of these examples of audiovisual appropriation form a continuum of sonic and visual appropriation, wherein one form is dominant with regard to the complexity of the produced sounds or visuals. Central to this analysis is Al-Rawi’s (2016) concept of Anti-ISIS Humor, according to which these appropriations represent instruments to contest and renegotiate prevailing structures of power. The authors thus frame appropriations of IS anāshīd in the context of cultural resistance, showing how these practices challenge not only IS anāshīd but also IS as a whole, with its Salafi-Wahhabi-inspired doctrine and interpretation of Islam.
Onward Migration from Italy to the UK: Reshaped Linguistic Repertoires and the Role of English
Authors: Goglia Francesco
Published: September 2021

This chapter presents a discussion on the role of English in the linguistic repertoires of the second generation of onward-migrating families from Italy to the UK. Participants reported on their language use, language maintenance, and language attitudes, both in their early life in Italy and in the UK. The second generation maintain Italian with same-age peer friendships and older siblings. They view the language as linguistic capital to enhance their future career prospects in the UK or support a return to Italy. Italian is also maintained in conversations with parents often in the form of code-switching. Parents struggle with English after a long period of residence in Italy and children are not fluent in the heritage languages. English is considered the most important language and, together with a British education to improve their children’s life chances, is the main pull factor for families in the decision to migrate onward. Onward migration allows these families to restart language shift towards English (which was interrupted during the years of stay in Italy) in a parallel way to language shift towards English taking place in their countries of origin.
Impressions of the Covered Body
Authors: Popenhagen Ron J.
Published: September 2021

This chapter draws parallels between the development of photography as visual culture and images of concealing the face and body. The first section, ‘Veiled Exposures’, notes examples of the costumed and draped human form in late Romanticism through Realism, verismo and Symbolism. A history of Pierrot performances and photo portraits in Paris, Brussels and Marseille maps the stylistic changes that move the white-faced role from the classical to the sentimental and finally to the phantom grotesque. Citing the work of composers, illustrators, photographers and writers, associations with death and masking are introduced. ‘Skulls and Draped Bodies’, the final sub-section, comments upon the anxieties present in fin-de-siėcle images, including the shroud-fabric paintings of Ferdinand Hodler and the skulls in Odilon Redon’s prints and drawings. The chapter also chronicles the importance of professional portrait photography in Paris.
Fractured and Effaced Façades
Authors: Popenhagen Ron J.
Published: September 2021

The rise of Fascism in Europe and its aftermath rest ever in the background of Chapter Six and its collection of ‘Disfigured Bodies’. The face and gaze of Antonin Artaud best characterises the tone of this series of violent destructions, lost ones and the isolated (like Picasso in occupied Paris). Amid ‘Veiled and Displaced Faces’ and ‘Empty Gazes’, involuntary displacement and sensory deprivation haunt representations of the human form. The head and human figures presented here are almost unrecognisable when re-conceived by a metteur en scène like Étienne Decroux or a sculptor like Alberto Giacometti. Marc Chagall, in exile, invents fantasy forms that masquerade the figures of opera and ballet performers with colourful, cushioned exteriors in magical scenographic spaces. Experimentation with actor as object manipulator or manipulacteur, like the scenographic, dynamic form in some of Jacques Lecoq’s work, displace dynamic expression to ‘things’ outside of the body form itself. In Chapter Six, some non-verbal performers search for statements beyond language: texts in the materiality of space itself. The abstracted silhouette speaks as depersonalised, masquerading image.
Other Places
Authors: Popenhagen Ron J.
Published: September 2021

The final chapter of Modernist Disguise offers an analysis of the contemporary manifestations of masquerading in daily life, on the stage and in the gallery. In a series of physical sites where face and body masking are overtly displayed, ‘Other Places’ are evaluated for functional and poetic potential as showcase sites. The author argues that place profoundly impacts and determines the nature of a form’s statement and its theatricality, as a mise en scène of the body. Performers and participants in disguising events, like Carnivals, fashion shows, street theatre, circus and dance, produce meaning in an exchange of visual, non-verbal discourse. The photographs documenting these happenings extend the life of identity research. The complex interplay of masked subject, photographer and camera is deeply steeped in meanings and degrees of performativity. Dynamic spaces identified and diagnosed in this chapter include the artist’s studio, the photographer’s studio, scenographic and mediated spaces, formal proscenium stages, arena theatres and the actor-training studio. Nuances of the masked actor in the rehearsal atelier, stimulated by learning methodologies utilised by Jacques Lecoq in the French tradition, present the act of virtually, temporarily inhabiting an ‘Other Place’ through the act of fixed-form mask play and transformative performance.
Turkey in the Balkans: From Late Ottoman to the 1970s
Authors: Öztürk Ahmet Erdi
Published: September 2021

Forming a major historical backbone of the book, the chapter discusses power relations over the last two centuries, covering the Ottoman State and the Turkish Republic one of the previous breaking points of the AKP. This chapter is essential for two reasons: First, it is hard to understand current discussions about the Balkans and Turkey without knowledge on the background, since many issues stem from the Ottoman period and continue throughout the twentieth century. Secondly, all the discussions about identity within the Ottoman State are relevant for both Turkey and the Balkans and are still valid.
Introduction
Authors: Öztürk Ahmet Erdi
Published: September 2021

On 13 February 2018, I was taken on a trip from Stockholm to Strasbourg to present a paper at a workshop entitled ‘La Turquie “moderne”: Concepts et controverses dans I’Histoire contemporaine de la Turquie’ (‘Modern Turkey: Concepts and Controversies in the Contemporary History of Turkey’). While I was awaiting the train at Mulhouse station around 22:30, a man in his late twenties asked me for a cigarette. He had a very familiar accent and therefore I asked him, ‘Are you from Turkey?’. He responded immediately with the same question: ‘No I am from Kosovo, are you from Turkey?’. Suddenly his tone changed, he made a victory sign and he spoke quickly using words that included ...
Defensive and Active Years of the Akp
Authors: Öztürk Ahmet Erdi
Published: September 2021

This chapter aims to read the AKP period of Turkey in light of a combination of domestic and foreign policies, with religion at the forefront. In these two chapters, the concept of ‘state of exception’ is employed to understand the authoritarian ethno-nationalist Sunnification of Turkey under AKP rule. Indeed, throughout the chapters the new positions of state institutions such as Diyanet, the role of the Gülen Movement, the role of Ahmet Davutoğlu in the new Turkish foreign policy and the leadership of Erdoğan constitute the priorities, since these are the main determinants in an understanding of the relations between the Balkans and Turkey since the early 2000s.
Destabilising the Secular Environments of Host Countries
Authors: Öztürk Ahmet Erdi
Published: September 2021

Even though various common elements appear in the reflection of Turkey’s new foreign policy in the three case countries, the cases show meaningful differences. These differences stem from their economic strength, multi-layered relations with Turkey and their positions in the international system. One crucial point is however shared between the three cases: Turkey’s religion-oriented and authoritarian domestic political change has manifested as a coercive ethno-nationalist Sunnification of its Balkan policy, and this has transformed Turkey’s position in the eyes of the Balkan socio-political elites, from the soft power it has been, to the ambiguous and uncertain one it is becoming.
American Snobs
Authors: Coit Emily
Published: September 2021

Arguing that Henry Adams, Henry James and Edith Wharton articulated their political thought in response to the liberalism that reigned in Boston and, more specifically, at Harvard University, American Snobs shows how each of these authors interrogated that liberalism's arguments for education, democracy and the political duties of the cultivated elite. Coit shows that the works of these authors contributed to a realist critique of a liberal New England idealism that fed into the narrative about 'the genteel tradition', which shaped the study of US literature during the twentieth century.
The Tenth Mind: Adams and the Action of the Remnant
Authors: Coit Emily
Published: September 2021

Chapter 5 shows how Henry Adams's Education intervenes in a conversation about the agency of the educated elite amongst Harvard-affiliated thinkers including William James, Theodore Roosevelt, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Charles William Eliot. Identifying Du Bois as a New England liberal, the chapter notes that both he and Eliot call 'college-bred' men to duty and advocate for liberal education in a sincere, direct mode. Adams's Education opposes such arguments partly by being ironic. Observing that its celebrated ironies are crucially constituted by sincere statements from liberal thinkers, the chapter shows that The Education takes up words and ideas that are salient in Du Bois's Souls of Black Folk. Its ironic rewriting of elements from that text flamboyantly exercises (and thus consolidates) the power that belongs to its author. Disparaging action grounded in consensus, collectivity, and sincerity, which he associates derisively with Boston and Harvard, Adams advocates an alternate mode of action that inheres in irony, doubt, indirection, and individual disruptiveness. In enacting this mode, The Education demonstrates its formidable potency. But Adams's showy performance of power via inaction nevertheless becomes a key source for the twentieth-century narrative about impotently passive 'genteel' thinkers.
The Pulse in Cinema
Authors: Mee Sharon Jane
Published: September 2021

This book builds on Jean-François Lyotard’s concept of the dispositif, Gilles Deleuze’s work on sensation and Georges Bataille’s economic theory to conceptualise a pulse in cinema. Its aim is to rethink the affective force and economy of film spectatorship better understood by Lyotard’s concept of the dispositif than the formulation of the cinematic apparatus of 1970s film theory. The dispositif recognises the distribution of the pulse – the force of intensities in the body of the spectator and in the image – in terms of an energetic exchange and expenditure. Charting prototypes of the pulse in cinema’s rhythmic forms through Étienne-Jules Marey’s protocinematic experiments from the nineteenth-century and experimental film from the twentieth-century, the book goes on to advance a theory of the pulse in an analysis of body horror films such as Georges Franju’s Le Sang des bêtes/Blood of the Beasts (1949), William Castle’s The Tingler (1959), George A. Romero’s Dawn of the Dead (1978), Lucio Fulci’s L’aldilà/The Beyond (1981), and Andrzej Żuławski’s Possession (1981). Drawing on ideas of movement, intensity and expenditure, this book argues that blood in the images of body horror films has the unseen intensity of vectors of the pulse. It contends that what the pulse communicates is affect.
The Rhythm of Life: The Pulse in the Image
Authors: Mee Sharon Jane
Published: September 2021

This chapter analyses various prototypes of the pulse in cinematic rhythm, namely in the work of American avant-garde filmmaker Stan Brakhage, Structuralist/Materialist filmmaker Peter Kubelka, French Impressionist filmmakers and theorists Jean Epstein and Germaine Dulac, Dadaist filmmakers and artists Hans Richter and Marcel Duchamp, as well as in the protocinematic experiments of Étienne-Jules Marey. It argues that rhythm is concerned with ‘perceived’ movement, while the pulse is concerned with a response to the experience of a ‘felt’ time. This chapter develops this conception of rhythm and the pulse by observing Sigmund Freud’s differentiation between the rhythmic action of stimuli upon the perceptual apparatus and the force of the investment of energies in the unconscious/drives.
Automutilation and Metonymy: The Economy of the Pulse
Authors: Mee Sharon Jane
Published: September 2021

Exploring an economy of the pulse in an analysis of two films, George A. Romero’s Dawn of the Dead (1978) and Lucio Fulci’s L’aldilà/The Beyond (1981), this chapter shows how ‘splatter’ images have the force of ‘felt’ intensities insofar as the pulse is a flexible and momentary intensity that suggests the flow and flexibility of a ‘felt’, but unseen, operation. Georges Bataille’s concepts of automutilation and metonymy are operations indebted to the consumption, expenditure, and the ‘loss’ in general economy that communicate through affective energies. This chapter argues that the pulse entails a different kind of spectatorship than that seen in subject positions by which meaning is returned in value in a restricted economy. The pulse entails a spectatorship of expenditure in which the spectator is ‘put at stake’ and ‘loses’ oneself to the experience.
Post-Horror
Authors: Church David
Published: September 2021

Horror’s longstanding reputation as a popular but culturally denigrated genre has been challenged by a new wave of films mixing arthouse minimalism with established genre conventions. Variously dubbed “elevated horror” and “post-horror” in popular film criticism, texts such as The Babadook, It Follows, The Witch, It Comes at Night, Get Out, The Invitation, Hereditary, Midsommar, A Ghost Story, and mother! represent an emerging nexus of taste, politics, and style that has often earned outsized acclaim from high-minded critics and populist rejection by wider audiences. Post-Horror is the first full-length study of one of the most important and divisive movements in twenty-first-century horror cinema. It argues that the affect produced by these films’ minimalist aesthetic has fueled taste-based disagreements between professional film critics, genre fans, and more casual viewers about whether the horror genre can or should be upheld as more than a populist entertainment form, especially as the genre turned away from the post-9/11 debates about graphic violence that consumed the first decade of the twenty-first century. The book thus explores the aesthetic qualities, historical precursors, affective resonances, and thematic concerns of this emerging cycle by situating these texts within revived debates between over the genre’s larger artistic, cultural, and entertainment value. Chapters include thematic analyses of trauma, gaslighting, landscape, existential dread, and political identity across a range of films straddling the line between art-horror and multiplex fare since approximately 2013.
Grief, Mourning, and the Horrors of Familial Inheritance
Authors: Church David
Published: September 2021

Familial traumas, especially grief about a lost parent or child, form one of the most prominent ways that post-horror encroaches on the generic territory of serious arthouse dramas, generating lingering discomfort in viewers. With the affective shape of trauma at their disposal, many of these films depict mothers and their offspring turned monstrous through unsuccessful processes of mourning. Examining the narrative strategies and depictions of trauma in Goodnight Mommy, The Babadook, and Hereditary, this chapter argues that themes of generationally inherited dysfunction serve as a larger metaphor for post-horror’s own relationship to both the horror genre and art cinema, including its atavistic influences from earlier generations of art-horror films.