bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STAD TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: HIRZI RISTU HAIBAN , GAZALI MUHAMMAD , HAYATI NILA , BASIRUN BASIRUN , SATRIAWAN RODY
Published: July 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of learning mathematics using the STAD type cooperative learning model on student learning outcomes. The research used was a quasi-experimental and used a one-group pretest-posttest design, which involved a sample of 36 students taken by random sampling technique. The data collection technique used observation, questionnaire test, while the data collection instrument was carried out by means of observation sheets, tests and questionnaires. The data analysis technique used simple linear regression. The results showed that the use of the STAD type cooperative learning model increased the average student learning outcomes from 61.67 to 69.33. Based on the calculation of the linearity test of the data obtained Fcount Ftable or 1.37 2.32 then the data has a linear pattern. While the correlation coefficient between X and Y is r-xy = 0.868 which shows the relationship between X and Y has a very strong relationship, and the coefficient of determination is 75.34% which shows the large contribution of the use of the STAD type cooperative learning model to students' mathematics learning outcomes and 24 The remaining ,61% is influenced by other factors. While the results of the significance test with the formula tc = 11.522 this means that tc > table or 13.927 >1.687 then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran matematika menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen semu (quasi eksperiment) dan menggunakan one group pretest-postest design, yang melibatkan sampel sebanyak 36 siswa yang diambil dengan teknik random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, test dangket sedangkan instrument pengumpulan data dilakuan dengan cara lembar observasi, test dan angket. Teknik analisis data menggunakan regresi linear sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD mengalami peningkatan rata-rata hasil belajar siswa dari 61,67 menjadi 69,33. Berdasarkan perhitungan uji linearitas data diperoleh Fhitung ? Ftabel atau 1,37 ? 2,32 maka data berpola linear. Sedangkan koefisien korelasi antara X dan Y adalah = 0,868 yang menunjukkn hubungan antara X dan Y mempunyai hubungan yang sangat kuat, dan nilai koefisien determinasi sebesar 75,34% yang menunjukkan besar kontribusi penggunaan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa dan 24,61% sisanya dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain. Sedangkan hasil uji signifikansi dengan rumus thitung= 11,522 hal ini berarti thitung> ttabel atau 13,927 > 1,687 maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima.
Dual-frequency spectral radar retrieval of snowfall microphysics: a physically constrained deep learning approach
Authors: Billault-Roux Anne-Claire , Ghiggi Gionata , Jaffeux Louis , Martini Audrey , Viltard Nicolas , Berne Alexis
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The use of meteorological radars to study snowfall microphysical properties and processes is well established, in particular through two techniques: the use of multi-frequency radar measurements and the analysis of radar Doppler spectra. We propose a novel approach to retrieve snowfall properties by combining both techniques, while relaxing some assumptions on e.g. beam matching and non-turbulent atmosphere. The method relies on a two-step deep-learning framework inspired from data compression techniques: an encoder model maps a high-dimensional signal to a lower-dimensional “latent” space, while the decoder reconstructs the original signal from this latent space. Here, Doppler spectrograms at two frequencies constitute the high-dimensional input, while the latent features are constrained to represent the snowfall properties of interest. The decoder network is first trained to emulate Doppler spectra from a set of microphysical variables, using simulations from the radiative transfer model PAMTRA as training data. In a second step, the encoder network learns the inverse mapping, from real measured dual-frequency spectrograms to the microphysical latent space; doing so, it leverages the spatial consistency of the measurements to mitigate the problem's ill-posedness. The method was implemented on X- and W-band data from the ICE GENESIS campaign that took place in the Swiss Jura in January 2021. An in-depth assessment of the retrieval’s accuracy was performed through comparisons with colocated aircraft in-situ measurements collected during 3 precipitation events. The agreement is overall good and opens up possibilities for acute characterization of snowfall microphysics on larger datasets. A discussion of the method's sensitivity and limitations is also conducted.  The main contribution of this work is on the one hand the theoretical framework itself, which can be applied to other remote sensing retrieval applications and is thus possibly of interest to a broad audience across atmospheric sciences. On the other hand, the retrieved seven microphysical descriptors provide relevant insights into snowfall processes.
Subdaily meteorological measurements of temperature, direction of the movement of the clouds, and cloud cover in the Late Maunder Minimum by Louis Morin in Paris
Authors: Pliemon Thomas , Foelsche Ulrich , Rohr Christian , Pfister Christian
Published: July 2022

Abstract. We have digitized three meteorological variables (temperature, direction of the movement of the clouds, and cloud cover) from copies of Louis Morin's original measurements (source: Institute of History/Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern; Institut de France) and subjected them to quality analysis to make these data available to the scientific community. Our available data cover the period 1665–1713 (temperature beginning in 1676). We compare the early instrumental temperature dataset with statistical methods and proxy data to validate the measurements in terms of inhomogeneities and claim that they are, apart from small inhomogeneities, reliable. The Late Maunder Minimum (LMM) is characterized by cold winters and falls and moderate springs and summers with respect to the reference period of 1961–1990. Winter months show a significantly lower frequency of the westerly direction in the movement of the clouds. This reduction of advection from the ocean leads to a cooling in Paris in winter. The influence of the advection becomes apparent when comparing the last decade of the 17th century (cold) and the first decade of the 18th century (warm). Consequently, the unusually cold winters in the LMM are largely caused by a lower frequency of the westerly direction in the movement of the clouds. An impact analysis reveals that the winter of 1708/09 was a devastating one with respect to consecutive ice days, although other winters are more pronounced (e.g., the winters of 1676/77, 1678/79, 1683/84, 1692/93, 1694/95, and 1696/97) in terms of mean temperature, ice days, cold days, or consecutive cold days. An investigation of the cloud cover data revealed a high discrepancy, with the winter season (DJF, −14.0 %), the spring season (MAM, −20.8 %), the summer season (JJA, −17.9 %), and the fall season (SON, −18.0 %) showing negative anomalies of total cloud cover (TCC) with respect to the 30-year mean of the ERA5 data (1981–2010). Thus, Morin's measurements of temperature and direction of the movement of the clouds seem to be trustworthy, whereas cloud cover in quantitative terms should be taken with caution.
Regional validation of the use of diatoms in ice cores from the Antarctic Peninsula as a Southern Hemisphere westerly wind proxy
Authors: Tetzner Dieter R. , Thomas Elizabeth R. , Allen Claire S. , Grieman Mackenzie M.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The Southern Hemisphere westerly winds are among the most
important drivers of recently observed environmental changes in West
Antarctica. However, the lack of long-term wind records in this region
hinders our ability to assess the long-term context of these variations. Ice
core proxy records yield valuable information about past environmental
changes, although current proxies present limitations when aiming to
reconstruct past winds. Here we present the first regional wind study based
on the novel use of diatoms preserved in Antarctic ice cores. We assess the
temporal variability in diatom abundance and its relation to regional
environmental parameters spanning a 20-year period across three sites in the
southern Antarctic Peninsula and Ellsworth Land, Antarctica. Correlation
analyses reveal that the temporal variability of diatom abundance from high-elevation ice core sites is driven by changes in wind strength over the core
of the Southern Hemisphere westerly wind belt, validating the use of diatoms
preserved in ice cores from high-elevation inland sites in the southern
Antarctic Peninsula and Ellsworth Land as a proxy for reconstructing past
variations in wind strength over the Pacific sector of the Southern
Hemisphere westerly wind belt.
Using large ensembles to quantify the impact of sudden stratospheric warmings on the North Atlantic Oscillation
Authors: Bett Philip E. , Scaife Adam A. , Hardiman Steven C. , Thornton Hazel E. , Shen Xiaocen , Wang Lin , Pang Bo
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Sudden stratospheric warming events (SSWs) are often followed by significant weather and climate impacts at the surface. By affecting the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), SSWs can lead to periods of extreme cold in parts of Europe and North America. Previous studies have used observations and free-running climate models to try to identify features of the atmosphere prior to an SSW that can determine the subsequent impact at the surface. However, the limited observational record makes it difficult to accurately quantify these relationships. Here, we instead use a large ensemble of seasonal hindcasts. We first test whether the hindcasts reproduce the observed characteristics of SSWs and their surface signature. We find that the simulations are statistically indistinguishable from the observations, in terms of the overall risk of an SSW per winter (56 %), the frequency of SSWs with negative NAO responses (65 %), the magnitude of the NAO responses, and the frequency of wavenumber-2 dominated SSWs (26 %). We also assess the relationships between prior conditions and the NAO response following an SSW. We find that there is little information in the precursor state to guide differences in the subsequent NAO behaviour between one SSW and another, reflecting the substantial natural variability between SSW events. The strongest relationships with the NAO response are from pre-SSW sea level pressure anomalies over the polar cap, and from zonal wind anomalies in the lower stratosphere, both exhibiting correlations of around 0.3. The pre-SSW NAO has little bearing on its post-SSW state. The strength of the pre-SSW zonal wind anomalies at 10 hPa is also not significantly correlated with the NAO response. Finally, we find that there is no significant difference in the likelihood of a post-SSW negative NAO response between wave-1 and wave-2 dominated SSWs, although the latter result in a stronger negative NAO anomaly on average.
Análise do regime pluvial de Amparo de São Francisco – Sergipe, Brasil
Authors: França Manoel Vieira de , Medeiros Raimundo Mainar de , Saboya Luciano Marcelo Fallé , Holanda Romildo Morant de
Published: July 2022

A obtenção das características das chuvas e seu comportamento são de grande interesse pela sua frequente aplicação em projetos hidráulicos, agronômicos e agropecuários. Para a confecção desse estudo foram utilizados dados de precipitações mensais e anuais fornecidos pela Superintendência de Desenvolvimento do Nordeste e da Empresa de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural do estado de Sergipe entre os anos de 1963 a 2019. Utilizando do conceito básico da estatística qualitativa foram calculados os seguintes parâmetros (média, mediana, moda, desvio padrão, coeficiente de variância, curtose, assimetria, máximos e mínimos valores absolutos e seus índices pluviais trimestrais, anuais e sua anomalia). Esse estudo visa fornecer ferramentas para planejamentos e ações que melhorem s forma de gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos utilizando sistemas de captação e armazenamento e, evitando a problemática da escassez de água. As anomalias positivas são registradas em sete municípios ao passo que as anomalias negativas ocorrem em dezoito municípios. As flutuações pluviais conferem uma proporcional ajuda aos tomadores de decisões visando reduzir os impactos climáticos para os habitantes. As análises exploratórias e uniformes colaboraram para elevar o conhecimento da distribuição pluvial, constatando que a mediana não representaria os índices pluviais registrados.
Լանդշաֆտային պլանավորման մեթոդաբանության ներդրումը ՀՀ ազգային էկոլոգիական ցանցի ստեղծման մեջ/Introduction of Landscape Planning Methodology in the
Establishment of the National Ecological Network of the RA
Authors: HARUTYUNYAN NAREK
Published: July 2022

The task of nature conservation and landscape management has
broadened and has become more differentiated as social changes
occur and as European influence on environmental protection
policies increases.
The Convention on Biological Diversity requires signatory
countries to establish networks of protected areas to conserve
habitats and species. In the EU, the Habitats Directive obliges the
Member States to designate representative habitats as protected
areas within the framework of the «Natura 2000» network.
Armenia has established various categories of protected
areas and plans to establish more. Landscape planning can help
in the selection of territories by identifying areas which are of
great significance for the conservation of biodiversity and most
sensitive to impacts of anthropogenic pressure. Landscape
planning can also help during the process of determining the
external boundaries of new protected areas and their internal
zones.
The information and analysis produced by a landscape
planning process can provide important input to the preparation
of protected areas’ management plans. A management plan sets
out the objectives and management policies for a protected area
and the actions which the protected area’s administration intends
to carry out in pursue of those objectives and policies. Landscape
planning provides a comprehensive and detailed assessment of
the natural components of the territory under examination and of
the policies and measures required to maintain ecosystem
functions.
Վերահսկողական սթրես թեստավորումը որպես ՀՀ առևտրային բանկերի ֆինանսական ռիսկերը կառավա­րելու նոր գործիք/SUPERVISORY STRESS TESTING AS A NEW
TOOL FOR CONTROLLING FINANCIAL
RISKS OF RA COMMERCIAL BANKS
Authors: HAMBARDZUMYAN ARMAN , MESROPYAN MESROP
Published: July 2022

Nowadays, stress testing has emerged as a common tool for financial supervision and
regulation with many countries undertaking related reforms. The International Financial
Reporting Standard (IFRS) 9 has prescribed stress testing for banks and financial
institutions as an exercise to determine the volatility in the expected credit loss in baseline and adverse scenarios such as significant deceleration in GDP growth or sharp increase in unemployment rates. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) is finalising a new set of guidelines to replace the stress testing principles set in 2009. Using a concurrent stress testing approach will go a long way in strengthening the financial systems. Supervisory (concurrent) stress testing exercises today have many different goals, with some exercises having multiple objectives. The paper describes the features of supervisory stress testing, the study of macro and banking factors, their impact on the NPL ratio. The analysis will make it possible to introduce supervisory stress testing in Armenian banks and use it as an important tool for managing financial risks.
Քաղաքացիական ծառայողների կատարողականի գնահատման համակարգային հիմնախնդիրները ՀՀ-ում և դրանց/System Problems of Civil Servants' Performance Appraisal
in the RA and the Ways to Implement Them
Authors: KHOJYAN LALA
Published: July 2022

 The paper studies
the performance appraisal system of civil servants in the Republic
of Armenia. In particular, attention is paid to the effectiveness
assessment methodology. In order to comment on the system of
remuneration resulting from the assessment, the amount of
remuneration for the simulated government structure has been
calculated in the case of receiving the highest and lowest
performance rating. As a result of the study, systemic problems
are identified and solutions are proposed.
It is necessary to carry out proper work planning, as a
consequence of which performance estimates obtained as a result
of changing the performance appraisal methodology should be
applied in management decisions. One of the results of the
research is the need to change the remuneration system in terms
of staffing the civil service system, which will lead to an increase
in the efficiency of the civil service system. The author arrives at
the conclusion that an effective performance appraisal system will
increase the efficiency of civil servants and improve the quality of
work.
Համայնքների խոշորացման ազդեցությունը ՏԻՄ լիազորությունների արդյունավետ իրականացման համատեքստում (Ջերմուկ խոշորացված համայնքի օրինակով)/Impact of Community Amalgamation in the Context of
Effective Implementation of Local Government Powers
(Example of Jermuk Amalgamated Community)
Authors: TATOSYAN KRISTINE
Published: July 2022

The
processes of administrative-territorial reforms taking place in the
Republic of Armenia in recent years, in particular, the process of
community amalgamation, have created new opportunities for the
viability boost of communities, resulting in a positive scale effect.
A significant increase in public service expenditure has been
observed in small communities that are part of an amalgamated
community. Expenditures on education, housing construction,
utilities, transportation, garbage collection, culture, and social
security have increased significantly. At the same time, the
expenditure ratios in large communities have remained almost
unchanged.
There are several reasons for this problem, including the
implementation of the powers defined by law, their significant
inconsistency with the community budget, inexplicit legislative
definitions of the powers, and the absence of an evaluation system
for their implementation.
In such circumstances, there is a need to evaluate the impact
of community amalgamation on the implementation power defined
by law.
Even with the fact that more than half of the community
budget revenue is from the state budget, the communities in the
pre-amalgamation and post-amalgamation periods continued to
implement a limited number of powers and act as the minimum
community service provider.
The Law on local self-government defines the scope of
mandatory issues that apply equally to all communities, which, of
course, requires the definition of these powers by specifying the
concepts in the law, introducing an evaluation system for the
implementation of these powers without ignoring the sectoral
characteristics and the potential of the communities
A Single-Case Examination of Token Reinforcement and Self-Evaluation in a Self-Contained Classroom
Authors: Ayvazo Shiri , Fraidlin Avner , Kankazil - Maimon Ronit
Published: July 2022

Students with disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders exhibit persistent problem behaviors that interfere with learning and instruction. Support interventions for these students should match their specific needs, such as learning to direct their behavior in the school setting. In this pilot study, we compared the efficacy of two universal teacher practices on a self-contained fifth-grade classroom student’s Active Student Responding (ASR) and generalized on-task behavior. Token reinforcement, which was teacher-managed and commonly used in the classroom, and self-evaluation (SE), which was student-managed and novel for the teacher and the student. Interventions were evaluated during language arts lessons using a single-case Alternating Treatments Design. Findings demonstrated that the student’s ASR comparatively improved under both interventions and ontask behavior mildly increased. The moderately positive impact of the two practices on ASR is discussed with emphasis on the appropriateness of SE for participants with emotional-behavioral disorders.
Stress Among University Students in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Temitope Adedamola Adekale , Akin Oyebade , Abiola Adeleke Abisoye
Published: July 2022

Background: Stress is an unavoidable fraction of existence that generally reaches a broad spectrum of population groups with no concern for their age, gender, educational status, or socioeconomic status. University students undergo several educational, environmental, social, and psychological adjustment problems in the modern campus environment, influencing their psychosocial well-being and learning outcomes. This study focuses on examining the stress level of university students in Osun State.
Purpose: The purpose of the study is to assess the level of stress experienced by university students in Osun State.
Method: A cross-sectional survey was used to study 111 University students in Osun State with the aid of Google Form (an online data collection tool). Questionnaire was used to find out the level of stress among students using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) which is a ten-item questionnaire that measures the degree to which life situations are appraised as stressful.
Result: Findings suggest that majority of the students reported a moderate level of stress. The causes of social, academic, physical, and psychological stress showed that Social Stress (6.14) and Academic Stress (8.05) had higher mean score compared to Physical (5.08) and Psychological Stress (3.44).
Conclusion: Stress among students can result in defective judgment, absenteeism self-medication, and addiction to substances like smoking cigarettes, and alcohol drinking. Persistent susceptibility to stressful situations leads to deterioration of academic performance, poor relationship with friends and family members, loss of memory, and severe health problems. To achieve an improved mental well-being, university decision makers should provide an enabling physiological, psychological, social, and academic environment coupled with counselling to reduce student’s stress.

Key words: Stress, Stressors, Stress factors, University students .
Prevalence of Prehypertension and Its Correlation with Body Mass Index in Undergraduate Students of Physiotherapy
Authors: Shah Hiral , Patani Ketaki
Published: July 2022

Background: Non-communicable diseases are increasing source of public health concern worldwide. Hypertension is one of the most common diseases affecting humans. Prehypertension (120-139/80-89 mmHg) is showing an alarming increase in young adults. Several factors influence the development of Prehypertension including environmental, socio-economic,lifestyle factors, demographic characteristics and genetic predisposition. Body Mass Index (excessive body fat deposition or adipose tissue accumulation) is directly related to high Systolic and Diastolic blood pressure.
Objective: To assess the magnitude of Prehypertension and to determine its correlation with Body Mass Index in university students.
Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 undergraduate students within the age group of 18-22 years was done. A semi structured pre-tested questionnaire was used to elicit the details on socio-demographic variables, dietary habits, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and family history of Hypertension. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were recorded according to standard protocols.
Result: Out of the total sample population, 52.5% students fall under the criteria of Prehypertension among which males had higher prevalence (32.38%). Vegetarian diet (OR:0.477, 95% CI:0.235-0.969), history of smoking (OR:0.130, 95% CI:0.043-0.394) and family history of Hypertension (OR:0.456, 95% CI:0.231-0.900) were significant correlates of Prehypertension. Significant positive correlation was seen between BMI and Mean SBP (r=0.258, p=0.0001) and also between BMI and Mean DBP (r=0.225, p=0.001).
Conclusion:Prehypertension is prevalent in 52.5% of students. The risk factors found to be significantly associated were history of smoking, family history of Hypertension. Body Mass Index and Prehypertension were found to be positively correlated to each other.

Key words: Prehypertension, Body Mass Index, Correlation, Risk factors.
Effect of Balance and Core Strengthening Exercise on Fall, Activities of Daily Living and Quality of Life in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy - An Experimental Study
Authors: Chikkale Sumeet , Joshi Dr. Aakanksha
Published: July 2022

Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy [DPN] is one of the long-term complications of diabetes caused by peripheral motor and sensory nerve disfunction. The estimated prevalence globally of DPN is 13-68%.[3] Around 50% of diabetic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus suffer from neuropathy. DPN disturbs the sensory and motor control system which eventually generation and control of the gait. Gait mechanics may be affected as a result. Reduce ROM, muscle strength and changes in gait mechanics [gait cycle, reduced cadence and gait speed] can lead to reduce mobility and increase fall of risk. Sensory and motor deficit are affected due to somatosensory changes which lead to continuous falling during activities of daily living.
Aim: To study the effect of balance and core strengthening exercise on fall, activities of daily living and quality of life in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Methodology: The nature of the study and the intervention were explained to the participants. Their informed written consent were taken. 51 participants were selected based on the selection criteria. Prior and after the treatment the outcome measures that is Fall efficacy scale, Instrumental activities of daily living and Nottingham health profile were taken. Intervention protocol was given for 1 hour, 3 times a week for 4 weeks.
Outcome measures: Prior and after the treatment both the outcome measures, Fall efficacy scale, Instrumental activities of daily living and Nottingham health profile were taken.
Results: In reference to the results of the Wilcoxon test analysis at 5% significance level, there is a significant statistical reliable difference between the pre & post treatment values with p-value is less than the 5% significance level (i.e., 0.001 < 0.05) in the study and therefore it justifies the improvements in health outcome post intervention.
Conclusion: The present study concluded that balance exercises and core strengthening exercises proved to be beneficial for fall prevention and improving activities of daily living and quality of life in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Key words: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy, Core strengthening, Balance, Risk of fall, Activities of daily living, Quality of life.
Comparison of Fixed-Bearing with Mobile-Bearing Prostheses for Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Oka Dharmayuda Cokorda Gde , Mahardika I Made Yudi
Published: July 2022

Background: The rising prevalence of severe knee joint arthritis forces the orthopedic surgeon to do joint replacement as an effective end stage joint arthritis management. Currently, there are two types of bearing plans for TKA alone, namely fixed bearing and mobile bearing. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compares several outcomes between those two types of bearing plans such as ROM, KSS Clinical, KSS Functional, and WOMAC Score.
Methods: A literature search was carried out using PRISMA Guidelines in Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library using the terms “fixed bearing”, “mobile bearing”, “total knee arthroplasty”, and “outcome measure”. We extracted the data from each study and all of statistical analysis were performed using the Review Manager version 5.3 software.
Results: After an initial search and screening of 217 studies, 4 studies were included in our study. There was a significant difference statistically between those two groups in KSS functional score (Heterogeneity, I2 = 91 percent; WMD, 9.11; 95 percent Confidence Interval (CI), 6.51 to 11.70; P < 0.00001) There was no significant difference statistically between those two groups in ROM outcome (Heterogeneity, I2 = 93 percent; WMD, -0.11; 95 percent Confidence Interval (CI), -2.91 to 2.70; P = 0.94), KSS clinical score (Heterogeneity, I2 = 99 percent; WMD, 1.84; 95 percent Confidence Interval (CI), -2.32 to 6.01; P = 0.38), and WOMAC score (Heterogeneity, I2 = 100 percent; WMD, -0.90; 95 percent Confidence Interval (CI), -6.19 to 4.39; P = 0.74).
Conclusion: In terms of KSS Functional Score, our research found that the mobile-bearing design surpasses the fixed-bearing design. There may be no noticeable difference in ROM, KSS Clinical Score, or WOMAC Score between these two designs.

Key words: Fixed-bearing, Mobile-bearing, Total knee arthroplasty, Systematic review, Meta-analysis.
A Randomized Comparative Trial of the Haemostatic Effect of Tranexamic Acid and Ethamsylate in Major Gynaecological Surgeries
Authors: Tim Dr. Nnaji, Chimaobi , Nnamdi Victor Dr. Mmegwa,
Published: July 2022

Objective: Major gynaecological surgeries like abdominal myomectomy and hysterectomy are often associated with bleeding, this could affect patient’s outcome during anaesthesia, by either increasing the perioperative morbidity and or mortality. The aim of our study is to compare the haemostatic effect of tranexamic acid and ethamsylate in patients undergoing epidural anaesthesia for major abdominal gynaecological surgeries.
Methods: Ethical clearance for this prospective randomized double-blind controlled study was obtained from the Ethics and Research Committee of a tertiary health institution in Nigeria (FMC/OW/HREC/245). Written informed consent was obtained from each of the patients scheduled for abdominal myomectomy or hysterectomy on elective basis, before being enrolled into this study. We recruited 90 patients and randomize them to either Group A (n=30) to received intravenous Tranexamic acid 15mg/kg, Group B (n=30) to receive intravenous Ethamsylate 12.5mg/kg or Group C (n=30) to receive Placebo (normal saline), 30 minutes before the induction of epidural anaesthesia. All data were entered into a data collection form and analysed with the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) 21. Parametric data was analysed using two-tailed analysis of variance (ANOVA) for independent groups. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant.
Results: A total of 90 patients were recruited into this study and they all completed the research. The duration of surgery was significantly longer in Group A (162.67±52.49 min), compared with Group B (151.87±55.31 min) and Group C (126.57±45.67 min), p=0.024. The comparison of the preoperative and postoperative Hb in Group A shows a decrease of 10.10%, and the difference was statistically significant, p=0.001. But when the preoperative and postoperative Hb were compared in Group B and Group C, the decrease in Hb significantly increased in Groups B (13.29%; p<0.0001) and Group C (14%; p<0.0001).
Conclusion: The administration of intravenous tranexamic acid before the induction of epidural anaesthesia for abdominal myomectomy or hysterectomy reduced the intraoperative and postoperative blood loss more, compared to the administration of intravenous ethamsylate or placebo, however with no clinical significance or apparent side effect.

Key words: Tranexamic acid, ethamsylate, haemostasis, surgical blood loss .
Effect Of Tai Chi Exercise Versus Pilates on Dynamic Balance and Gait in Elderly - A Comparative Study
Authors: Mahajan Leetali Satish , Mahajan Dr. Pradnya , Shinde Dr. Mukesh
Published: July 2022

Background: Elderly people within the society face plenty of physical & medical problems which make them more at risk of deconditioning & confined to their home and a few of them are impaired mobility, falls, impaired cognition, incontinence, etc. Out of this, falls are common & complex geriatric syndrome. Falls and poor bone health are major causes of disability and accidental home deaths in the older population.
Aim: To study the effect of Tai chi exercises versus Pilates on dynamic balance and Gait in elderly.
Methodology: A comparative study was conducted on 36 elderly subjects. Subjects were selected according to inclusion criteria & exclusion criteria. The pre assessment was taken before intervention & post assessment was taken after intervention by using TUG, Tinetti Balance Assessment Tool and Cadence. Participants were randomly divided into two groups with n=18 in each group. Group A received Tai chi exercise while Group B received Pilates exercise. The treatment was given for 6 weeks ,3 days/week. Statistical analysis was carried out using paired & unpaired t test.
Results: Tai chi & Pilates exercise was effective on improving dynamic balance and Gait in elderly. on intergroup comparison using unpaired t test, there was no significant difference between effect of Tai chi & Pilates exercises (TUG p value =0.1739), (Tinetti p value =0.3378), (Cadence p value=0.3433) which implies both exercises were equally effective on improving dynamic balance & gait in elderly.
Conclusion: Tai chi & Pilates were equally effective on improving dynamic balance & gait in elderly, except both could not improve walking velocity as gait improves in qualitatively manner.

Key words: Tai chi , Pilates, TUG, Tinetti, Cadence. .
Primary Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of Esophagus: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Gulati Dr. Anchana , Sharma Dr. Shikha , Sharma Dr. Brij
Published: July 2022

Primary mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of the esophagus is an uncommon malignant esophageal neoplasm characterized by a diffuse mixture of squamous and mucus secreting glandular carcinoma cells. The diagnostic challenges are associated with the distinction between adenosquamous carcinoma and MEC. Here we report a case of 60 year old male with dysphagia. Due to its rarity, the prognosis of this disease has not been well established.

Keywords: Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma, esophagus, diagnostic challenge. .
Comparative Study of Marketed Kajal as per Bureau of Indian Standards
Authors: Sah Pankhudi , Bajpai Nibha , Wasule Deepak
Published: July 2022

The eyes are not only the windows to the human soul but also a powerful tool for communication. Kajal is a widely used traditional cosmetic products. It is mainly used for lining the base of lower and upper eyelashes. The raw materials of the Kajal give the stick its properties. There are properties of the Kajal sticks that are ideal for their acceptance. There are many varieties of Kajal available in the market and consumers usually get confused by the varieties available in the market. Consumers are unaware of the proper concentration level of the raw materials or the toxicity levels of the additives. Many consumers are blindly buying and applying these products. They are also unaware of the parameters of required standards to be maintained by the company. They believe in the information claimed by the advertisement. The aim of the present study was to carry out the evaluation of marketed sample along with a formulated laboratory sample on different parameters given by the Bureau of Indian Standard and Indian Pharmacopeia for Kajal Specification and to bring awareness to the consumers.

Keywords: Eye makeup, Heavy metal, Kajal, Toxicity. .
Cleft Lip and Palate - A Review Article
Authors: Chaudhary Shweta
Published: July 2022

Craniofacial anomalies, and in particular cleft lip and palate, are major human birth defects with a worldwide frequency of 1 in 700 and substantial clinical impact. The cause of clefts is multifactorial with both genetic and environmental input and intensive research efforts have yielded significant advances in recent years facilitated by molecular technologies in the genetic field. In 2008, the World Health Organisation (WHO) has recognised that non-communicable diseases, including birth defects cause significant infant mortality and childhood morbidity and have included cleft lip and palate in their Global Burden of Disease (GBD) initiative. This will further facilitate the birth defects registration and international efforts aimed at improving quality of care and ultimately prevention of non-syndromic clefts of the lip and palate.

Keywords: Cleft lip, Cleft palate, Dentistry, Etiology, Management. .
Comparison of Central, Peripheral and Weighted Size Specific Dose in CT to Dose Results from IndoseCT Software
Authors: Dio Putryani , Anam Choirul , Hidayanto Eko
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to calculate the average dose of a phantom with a diameter of 16 and 32 cm, as well as the dose distribution in the center and periphery. The results were then compared to those from the IndoseCT software. In this study, a standard PMMA phantom with a diameter variation of 16 and 32 cm was used. The phantom was scanned using fixed parameters, namely 120 kVp voltage, 100 mAs time current, 10 mm collimation width, 100 mm scan length, and 1 s tube rotation. This research was conducted at the Indriati Solo Baru Hospital using the GE CT scanner type Revolution EVO 64/128 slice. The results of this study show that for a 16 cm phantom diameter at the center position the difference in detector measurements with IndoseCT is 1.34% at the phantom edge position is 4.38% and the weighted dose is 2.59 %, while for a 32 cm phantom diameter, the difference is 8.1 percent, at the edge of the phantom it is 1.26 %, and the weighted dose is 0.62 %. Based on the results obtained from IndoseCT, it showed an insignificant difference with the measurement of radiation dose using a phantom. Overall, the difference in percentage is ±10% while the difference in percentage that is still acceptable is ±20%.

Keywords: Pencil ion chamber, PMMA phantom, dose distribution, size-specific dose estimate (SSDE), central dose, peripheral dose, weighted dose, IndoseCT 20.b..
The Effect of Intellectual Capital, Dividend Policy, Tobin's Q, and Inflation on Stock Return with Profitability as Intervening variable on Consumer Goods Companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: . Hendry , Yahya Idhar , Kholis Azizul
Published: July 2022

This study examines the effects of Intellectual Capital, Dividend Policy, Tobin's Q, and Inflation on Stock Return through Profitability as Intervening variables. This study's object was 34 consumer goods companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2016-2020. The sample was chosen using the purposive sampling method: seven consumer goods companies. The analytical methods used in this study are multiple linear regression analysis and path analysis with the help of SmartPLS software.
The results of this study show that, partially, intellectual capital, dividend policy, Tobin's Q, and inflation do not affect the stock return. Intellectual capital, dividend policy, and Tobin's Q have a positive and significant effect on profitability, and inflation does not affect profitability. This study also shows that profitability cannot mediate the effect of intellectual capital, dividend policy, Tobin's Q, and inflation on stock return.

Keywords: Intellectual Capital, Dividend Policy, Tobin's Q, Inflation, Profitability (ROA), Stock Return.
Relationship Between Neck Pain, Disability and Head Posture in Women Six Months Post Delivery
Authors: Doshi Moksha N , Bangera Dr. Anukshaya , Kumar Dr. Ajay
Published: July 2022

Background: In pregnancy and post-partum period, there are different structural, hormonal and physiological changes occurring in women’s body. The musculoskeletal changes women undergo are ligamentous and collagenous connective tissue changes that lead to increased joint laxity and hypermobility. Usually, these hormonally mediated changes return to their normal pre-pregnant state by six months post-delivery. During the postpartum period, women have to deal with emotional and ergonomic stress due to increased responsibilities such as breastfeeding, nappy changing, maneuvering the baby causing a number of postural changes in them leading to pain which can cause disability and other musculoskeletal discomfort to perform daily activities.
Aim and Objectives: To assess the relationship between neck pain, disability and head posture in women six months post delivery.
Method: Sixty subjects were selected as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Neck Disability Index (NDI) Questionnaire was used to evaluate neck pain and disability. The forward head posture was measured via craniovertebral (CV) angle by using Marcus Brader (MB) Ruler Software. Pearson’s correlation coefficient between NPRS, NDI and CV angle were determined.
Result: NPRS was positively correlated with NDI (r = 0.9072, p= <0.0001) and negatively correlated with CV angle (r = -0.3643, p=0.0036). No significant correlation was shown between NDI and CV angle.
Conclusion: The present study concluded that women with small craniovertebral angle have a greater forward head posture, and the greater the forward head posture the greater is the pain and disability.

Keywords: Correlation, neck pain, neck disability, craniovertebral angle.
Assessment And Comparison of Agility in Cricketers Depending on Their Playing Position - An Observational Pilot Study
Authors: Jayawant Shloka , Kuttan Dr. Victoria
Published: July 2022

Background: Cricket is a widely played sport and has been evolved over the years. Agility being the key component of cricket is a collective coordinative ability that includes speed, balance and coordination and plays an important role in determining a player’s performance. The agility of players differs on the basis of their anthropometric measurements, position, training period and type of innings played. Improved agility enhances neuromuscular coordination thereby reducing the risk of injuries to the players. Cricketers require different types of agility training to meet their role in a match. Limited literature is available evaluating agility of cricket players. Hence, a need arises to conduct this study. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the agility of players depending on their positions.
Objective: To evaluate and compare the agility of cricket players depending on their playing position using Agility T-test.
Method: Institutional ethical clearance and consent from the players were sought. An observational pilot study was conducted on 30 players and were divided into 3 groups- batsmen, bowler and wicketkeepers Agility-T test was used to measure agility. Data was analysed using the software Graph Pad Prism, normality of the data was calculated using the Shapiro Wilk Test and comparison between the groups was done using One way ANOVA test.
Results: The agility differed significantly (p value<0.05). From the study it was revealed that the agility timing scores of cricket players varied according to their position. Batsmen recorded the lowest time followed by wicketkeeper whereas bowlers recorded the highest timings.
Conclusions: A significant difference was found in the 3 groups of cricketers. Differences in current finding will help in formulating a structured agility training protocol depending on cricketers’ position.

Keywords: [cricketers, cricket, agility, playing position, Agility T-test].
Review of Mass-Forming Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Park Mi-Suk
Published: July 2022

The incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is highest in Eastern countries, such as Thailand, South Korea, and China, but its incidence and mortality are increasing worldwide. Over recent decades, the worldwide age-standardized incidence for iCCA has been steadily increasing, whereas that for perihilar CCA and distal CCA has been decreasing. The macroscopic growth pattern of CCA is somewhat different according to the anatomic location of the tumor. iCCA can show three main patterns of growth: mass forming, periductal infiltrating, and intraductal growing. Morphologic classification is important to understand the mode of tumor spread, which is critical in predicting a tumor’s resectability and in planning the extent of surgery. Furthermore, different macroscopic growth types are resulting in different imaging findings and different list of differential diagnosis. This review provides a comprehensive and critical overview of current knowledge and what is envisaged on the horizon for iCCA, focusing on mas-forming type. 1. Tumor growth pattern 2. Histological subtype of iCCA 3. Imaging phenotype and differential diagnosis of iCCA 4. Staging of iCCA 5. Preoperative prognostic prediction of iCCA
Hepatic and Extrahepatic Fascioliasis Mimicking Colon Cancer with Hepatic Metastasis
Authors: Kim Youe Ree , Lee Young Hwan , Yoon Kwon-Ha
Published: July 2022

Fascioliasis hepatica is a rare parasitic infection affecting the hepatobiliary system. On the imaging examination, it presents as multiple hepatic abscesses and bile duct dilatation. Extrahepatic fascioliasis of the gastrointestinal tract is a rare condition, resulting from the duodenal migration of fasciola flukes. The current case showed both hepatic and colonic masses, mimicking colon cancer with hepatic metastasis. However, diagnostic clues from multimodality approaches, especially in combination with magnetic resonance imaging, led to an accurate diagnosis of hepatic and extrahepatic fascioliasis.
Segmental Arterial Mediolysis of the Abdominal Vessel: A Case Report
Authors: Kang Hyo-Jin
Published: July 2022

Segmental arterial mediolysis (SAM) is a rare but serious arteriopathy of unknown etiology with life-threatening manifestation. It is characterized by lysis of the medial layer of the arterial wall and may result in dissection, stenosis, occlusion, and aneurysm formation. We would like to report a case of SAM that occurred in the hepatic and visceral arteries and caused the ischemia.
In-Vitro Study on Permeation of different Semi-solid dosage forms of Timolol Maleate using Franz cell
Authors: R Bhatt Tarang , Golwala Dharmesh
Published: July 2022

The aim of the present study was to formulate different semi-solids dosage form for Timolol Maleate (0.5%) in oleaginous ointments, hydrocarbon gel and hydrogels and to study in-vitro comparison of flux and permeability into cornea of these semi-solids dosage form in comparison to ophthalmic solution using Franz diffusion cell. Objective of the study compare rate and extent of steady state flux in between semi-solids and solution of timolol maleate and obtain permeation co-efficient of all formulations from steady state flux using Fick’s first law of diffusion. An modified Franz diffusion cell consisting of 20 ml glass receptor along with a glass donor was for used for study and analysis of permeation was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography at time points 0,0.5,1,2,4,8,16 and 24 h. Results concluded that hydrogel formulation containing hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose as an gelling agent was found to have better flux and permeability than the reference solution formulation, while other two formulation containing paraffin base had less flux and permeability than reference solution formulation.