bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arsenic in drinking water and kidney cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Jaafarzadeh Nematollah , poormohammadi Ali , Almasi Halime , Ghaedrahmat Zeinab , Rahim Fakher , Zahedi Amir
Published: March 2022

Object

Arsenic as a chemical is found in rock, soil, air and used in various industries and their products, such as colors, hairs, and fertilizers. Humans may be exposed to arsenic mainly through food and drinking water. Due to its adverse health effects, its presence in drinking water has become a public health concern.

Methods

In this systematic review, we investigated the relationship between arsenic concentration in drinking water and the risk of kidney cancer in humans. For this reason, various electronic databases were searched from 1992 February to November 2021. In this review, three ecological studies, two case-control studies, and four cohort studies were investigated.

Results

High levels of arsenic (100 μg/L) have been reported in many countries such as southwest Taiwan, Niigata, Argentine, and northern Chile. A significant relationship was observed between kidney cancer incidence and its mortality rate with high arsenic levels in drinking water.

Conclusions

Despite the limitations in some previous studies, reviewing and comparing the data of different regions indicates a scientific relationship between kidney cancer incidence and high concentrations of arsenic in drinking water.
Sein und Schein (bei Wittgenstein)
Authors: Raatzsch Richard
Published: March 2022

Reality and Appearance (in Wittgenstein). At the beginning of On Certainty, as its second entry, Wittgenstein makes a remark according to which the fact that something appears to me, or to all of us, to be so and so does not entail the fact that it is so and so. This looks like a straightforward philosophical claim made by Wittgenstein. This claim fits into a family of views on the nature of the relation between appearance and reality which in turn is related to a family of views concerning the nature of belief, knowledge and certainty. However, it is common experience with Wittgenstein’s remarks that what appears to be a straightforward philosophical claim is actually no such thing. The essay follows that experience to a point where it becomes unclear what the remark about appearance and reality could possibly be if not a philosophical claim.
Certainties and Rule-Following
Authors: Krebs Andreas
Published: March 2022

This paper argues that Wittgenstein does not assimilate certainties to either linguistic norms or empirical propositions but assigns them to a liminal space between rule and experience. This liminal space is also brought into play in remarks written at the same time as those compiled in On Certainty, but attributed to different bodies of text (Remarks on Colour, Last Writings on the Philosophy of Psychology). The paper maintains that certainties express the agreement and constancy in judgements without which – as Wittgenstein contends in his Philosophical Investigations – rule-following would not be possible. It is shown that this intrinsic relation between rule-following and certainties can explain the liminal status of the latter.
Of Beetles and Roubles: Wittgenstein and Dostoevsky on Intention
Authors: Lobo Tea
Published: March 2022

Wittgenstein and Dostoevsky both ridicule a hypostasizing and fetishizing picture of interiority: viewing sensations and intentions like discrete material objects. The symbols for this misleading view in their respective works are a beetle and a sachet containing thousand five hundred roubles. The beetle in the box passage in the Philosophical Investigations discredits a Cartesian picture of pain as akin to a thing-like entity. The sachet in Dostoevsky’s The Brothers Karamazov represents Dmitry’s intention to be honourable. Dostoevsky achieves a perspicuous view of entangled webs of intentions, as opposed to labelling them like object-like entities.

I show that Wittgenstein’ account of first-personal thought, including intentions, is not based on the Cartesian dualism of the inner and the outer, the mind and the body. To underscore my argumentation, I refer to The Brothers Karamazov, one of Wittgenstein’s favourite novels. I especially focus on Dmitry’s sachet, which inspired Wittgenstein’s beetle in the box example. I show parallels both in content and in form of Wittgenstein’s and Dostoevsky’s approach to intention as a species of first-personal thought.
Experimental Study of the Crack Propagation and Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Red Sandstone under Cyclic Loading
Authors: Shen Baotang , Sun X. Z. , Yin D. W. , Li Y. Y.
Published: March 2022

Crack propagation in sandstone was tested under uniaxial cyclic loading with three different loading rates and flaw configurations. The crack propagation, acoustic emission (AE) characteristics, and strength variation were analyzed. It was found that crack initiation and rock bridge failure cause a sharp increase in AE activity, as observed from the slope of the cumulative AE count. The energy released during the initiation of shear cracks, secondary cracks, and rock bridge failure was much greater than that released during the initiation of wing cracks. The loading rate had an interesting effect on the failure process, and the energy release under a higher loading rate was less than that under a lower loading rate before the damage stage. With the same flaw configuration, a specimen of the same group under a higher loading rate underwent more severe damage. In specimens of Groups 1 and 2, with overlapping preexisting flaws, the effects of the loading rate were limited, and the rock bridge failure pattern was basically dominated by the flaw configuration. However, in Group 3, with nonoverlapping preexisting flaws, the effect of the loading rate was more obvious, and many more cracks initiated under a higher loading rate. In this case, each crack propagated as an independent system during the initial loading stage, and the crack propagation path was random. For the same loading rate, the crack propagation can be divided into three mechanisms depending on the flaw configuration: (1) wing crack and mixed mode crack, (2) wing crack and antiwing crack, and (3) wing crack and shear crack.
Pax8 and Nkx2-1 haploinsufficiencies differentially affect liver metabolic pathways
Authors: Giacco Antonia , Peluso Teresa , Cioffi Federica , Iervolino Stefania , Mercurio Giovanna , Roberto Luca , Reale Carla , Colella Marco , De Felice Mario , Moreno Maria , Ambrosino Concetta , Silvestri Elena
Published: March 2022

Thyroid dysfunctions are associated with liver diseases ranging, in severity, from insulin resistance (IR) to hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathogenic mechanisms appear complex and are not attributable, exclusively, to the impaired thyroid hormone (TH) signalling. Using a mouse model of human congenital hypothyroidism, young double heterozygote for both NK2 homeobox 1 (Nkx2-1)- and Paired box 8 (Pax8)-null mutations (DHTP) mice, and single heterozygous Pax8+/− and Nkx2-1+/− mice, we studied the liver pathways, the endocrine and metabolic factors affected in conditions of different dysthyroidisms. Young Nkx2-1+/− females displayed a slight hyperthyroidism and, in liver, increased TH signalling (i.e. increased expression of Dio1 and Trβ1) and lipogenic gene expression, with triglycerides accumulation. Hypothyroid DHTP and euthyroid Pax8+/− females shared liver and skeletal muscle IR and hepatic hypothyroidism (i.e. reduced expression of Mct8, Dio1 and TRβ1), activation of AKT and increased expression of glutathione peroxidase 4. Oxidative stress and reduced mitochondrial COX activity were observed in DHTP mice only. Pax8+/− females, but, unexpectedly, not DHTP ones, displayed transcriptional activation of the hepatic (and renal) gluconeogenic pathway, hypercortisolemia, fasting hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinemia, reduced serum β-hydroxybutyrate, associated with hepatic AMPK activation. DHTP mice showed hypercholesterolemia and activation of mTOR. Collectively, the data indicate that heterozygote mutations of Pax8 and Nkx2-1 genes may produce multiple dysmetabolisms, even under systemic euthyroidism. Differential liver pathways and multiple hormonal axes are affected with implications for energy and nutrient homeostasis. The identified players may be specific target in the management of thyroid dysfunction-associated dysmetabolisms in terms of prevention/counteraction of IR, type 2 diabetes and related comorbidities.
Methods to improve lignin’s reactivity as a phenol substitute and as replacement for other phenolic compounds: A brief review
Authors: Hu Lihong , Pan Hui , Zhou Yonghong , Zhang Meng
Published: March 2022

Lignin is readily available as a by-product from the pulp and paper industry. It is considered to be a promising substitute for phenol in phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin synthesis, given the increasing concerns of the shortage of fossil resources and the environmental impact from petroleum-based products. One hurdle that prevents the commercial utilization of lignin is its low reactivity due to its chemical structure. Many efforts have been made to improve its reactivity by modification and/or depolymerization of lignin molecules. Methylolation and phenolation are the two most studied modification approaches aimed at introducing reactive functional groups to lignin molecules. Modified lignin from these two methods could partially replace phenol in PF resin synthesis. Demethylation of lignin could effectively increase the reactivity of lignin by forming catechol moieties in the lignin macromolecule. Other methods, including reduction, oxidation, and hydrolysis, have also been studied to improve the reactivity of lignin as well as to produce phenolic compounds from lignin. Most current methods of lignin modification are not economically attractive. One can expect that efforts will be continued, aimed at improving the utilization of lignin for value-added products.
A Journey toward Self-knowledge in Patrick Modiano’s Novel Voyage de Noces
Authors: Bikulčius Vytautas
Published: March 2022

In this paper, based of a geocritical approach, a journey as some path leading toward self-knowledge in the novel of Patrick Modiano, French writer and Nobel Prize winner, Voyage de noces (1990), has been analyzed. A journey is understood as a path that leads toward self-knowledge because the characters of the novel undergo changes depending on the place they find themselves in. This journey gains several forms: it can simply be a journey from one point to another, also can have the aspect of escapism and finally be understood as deportation. In all these cases the nature of the journey changes depending on how the characters perceive themselves. The narrator admits that his aim is to write the autobiography of Ingrida, the character of the novel. Thus he sets out on a journey through her inner world, that naturally will last longer than the one from one point to another. The places are generally depicted as central and peripheral, the capital of the country and its outskirts or the capital and the regions of the country. The narrator tries to understand changes in Ingrida’s life and her faith, at the same time changes in the author’s self-knowledge happen: he becomes a writer.
Textual Study of the Latin-graphic Book of Psalms in the Church Slavonic Language from Norov´s Book Collection
Authors: Celunova Jelena
Published: March 2022

This article is devoted to the research of the Book of Psalms manuscript from A.S.Norovʼs book collection stored in the Manuscripts Department at the Russian State Library. The manuscript was written in the beginning of the 18th century in Church Slavonic language Polish letters. The manuscript is of interest primarily as a Latin-graphic text, which is a transliteration of the originals inChurch Slavonic.The article presents the results of a textual analysis of the manuscript, which has made it possible todefine it as a collection consisting of several independent parts, each of which may have had its ownprotograph. A comparison of the text of the manuscript with printed liturgical books published in Moscow,Kiev and in the Polish-Lithuanian state has enabled the identification of possible protographs ofthe manuscript, most of which date back to prayer books published in Ukraine.Since one of the protographs is the Moscow Book of Psalms of 1718, it can be assumed that the authorsof the manuscript are nuns of one of the Southwestern Russian Uniate monasteries who at that timemoved to one of the Russian monasteries, supplementing the already existing collection with textsnecessary for home prayer.Since the authors of the transliteration themselves had very good command of Church Slavonic, it canbe assumed that the text was written to order.
The Personality of the Scribe and Communal Book Collections in the Old Belief: Monk Cyprian and the Library of the Skete on Ilyushkin Island
Authors: Melnikov Ilya
Published: March 2022

The article is devoted to the problem of the relation of personal and communal libraries in the Old Believers communities on the example of the book collection of a skete on Ilyushkin Island of the Novgorod district, an inventory of which was found in the funds of the Novgorod Museum-Reserve. The initiator of the revival of the skete at the end of 19th century monk Cyprian (Sozonov) was directly involved in the formation of this library. His personal views and passions found expression in the selection of skete books. This becomes especially obvious thanks to the comparison of the description of the book collection with the composition of the author’s miscellany, which was written by the sket superior, as well as the newly revealed documents covering his activities. In a sense, the library of the monastery can be considered an expression of a full-fledged cultural program, predetermined by the religious views of Cyprian. In its basis, in addition to the characteristic traditional orientation towards worship and monastic activity, it also reveals a polemical attitude and historicism. In addition to the sources related to the bookishness of the skete on Ilyushkin Island, documents are introduced into the scientific circulation, covering its history and the socio-cultural context in which the analyzed book collection of the skete was formed.
Diversidad de aves en un gradiente altitudinal en la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Manantlán, México
Authors: Loera-Casillas Juan , Contreras-Martínez Sarahy , Favela-García Fabiola , Cuevas-Guzmán Ramón
Published: March 2022

Introducción: México concentra alrededor del 11 % de las especies de aves del mundo, de las cuales el 20 % son endémicas del país, concentrándose el mayor número en la región occidental. Objetivo: Analizar la composición, diversidad y distribución de la avifauna a lo largo de un gradiente altitudinal en el occidente de México. Métodos: La investigación se realizó en la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Manantlán. Registramos especies de aves vistas o escuchadas en 28 puntos de conteo fijos a lo largo de un gradiente de elevación de 1 000 m. La comparación de la riqueza y la completitud del muestreo se determinaron con curvas de interpolación y extrapolación. Las franjas se compararon con un Procedimiento no Paramétrico de Permutación Multirespuesta. Se usaron correlaciones y ordenaciones indirectas para analizar cambios en la riqueza y abundancia. Resultados: Registramos 129 especies (estimado: 96 % de completitud): 19 endémicas de México, 13 en alguna categoría de riesgo y 21 consideradas indicadoras. La elevación determinó la distribución y abundancia de las especies, y las franjas altitudinales más bajas, tuvieron los valores más altos de riqueza y abundancia. Conclusión: La mayor riqueza y abundancia de especies se registró a menor altitud, con un cambio significativo en la composición y tipo de especies indicadoras por franja.
¿Podemos ver el mundo igual? interdisciplinariedad en el cuidado paliativo
Authors:   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia Bucaramanga, Peñaranda Ospina Liana Magreth , Iglesias Meza Fabio Stefant , Alvarado Garcia Alejandra Maria
Published: March 2022

Los cuidados paliativos según la Organización Mundial (OMS) de la salud son aquellos cuidados que buscan mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas y de sus familias cuando afrontan problemas físicos, psicológicos, sociales o espirituales inherentes a una enfermedad potencialmente mortal; en el mundo se estima que alrededor de 40 millones de personas requieren cuidados paliativos, pero solo el 14% la reciben, igualmente la OMS indica que el 78% de las personas que necesitan cuidados paliativos viven en países en vía de desarrollo, lo que devela una gran de necesidad de atención paliativa no solo a la persona enferma si también a su familia. Los requerimientos en la atención paliativa a nivel mundial, van de la mano con el aumento del envejecimiento que confluye de manera progresiva y casi simultánea con las manifestaciones de desgaste orgánico y los procesos de salud y enfermedad enmarcados en el entorno y en la biografía del individuo, sin embargo no se debe desconocer que las personas en cualquier edad y en cualquier etapa de enfermedad grave son candidatos para recibir cuidados paliativos pudiendo requerir diferentes enfoques de atención según las necesidades propias de cada individuo, por otra parte el conocimiento basado en la genética, ha permitido la hipótesis de la vida, pero la realidad del entorno del individuo está influida desde antes del nacimiento, la historia nutricional, uso de tabaco, exposición a tóxicos ambientales y el ciclo vital se han definido como causantes de alteraciones epigenéticas, que pueden contribuir en las condiciones de enfermedad plausibles de cuidados paliativos en sus etapas avanzadas.
Автоматизація процесу керування підготовкою води для технологічних потреб при виготовленні лік
Authors: Улибін В. М.
Published: March 2022

Вода - основа всього живого на планеті. Водні розчини необхідні для забезпечення потреб промисловості, сільського господарства, побутових потреб. Вода при виготовленні лік повинна відповідати певним нормам, має бути дистильованою. Мета ведення процесу підготовки води  при виготовленні лік – отримання готової очищеної води із заданими показниками якості. Високої ефективності процесу підготовки води можна досягти лише при автоматизації цього процесу. Всі існуючі розробки в сфері автоматизації підготовки води не задовольняють сучасним вимогам до якості готового продукту. В ОНАХТ, на кафедрі АТПіРС розроблено новий підхід до автоматизації підготовки води з метою забезпечення її високої якості. Результати структурно-параметричного синтезу і аналізу розробленої САУ підтверджують переваги запропонованого підходу, а саме високу динамічну точність управління процесом.  Побудована автономна САР забезпечує високу якість готового продукту. Розроблена проектна документація відображає всі особливості і переваги запропонованого способу управління. Розроблене АРМ оператора-технолога і наладчика САУ в SCADA-системі дозволяє зручно і ефективно спостерігати та керувати ходом процесом підготовки води.  Подальший розвиток питання автоматизації управління процесом підготовки води знайде в магістерській випускній роботі.
Інформаційна технологія ідентифікації моделі динаміки штанги платформи Стюарта
Authors: Зозуля В. А. , Осадчий С. І. , Каліч В. М.
Published: March 2022

Метою даної статті є розробка зручної інформаційної технології ідентифікації моделі динаміки багатовимірного рухомого об'єкта та збурень, що діють на нього під час функціонування, за даними векторів сигналів керування та сигналів на виході об’єкту, направленої на підвищення надійності отримання результатів обчислення. Для створення інформаційної технології ідентифікації використано прикладне середовище Stateflow Matlab. Відмінною рисою інформаційної технології є підвищена точність та надійність виконання обчислень, які досягнуті за рахунок впровадження нового підходу до процесів факторизації поліноміальних матриць, удосконалення алгоритмів множення поліноміальних, дробово-раціональних матриць відповідно для зменшення втрати вірних значущих цифр за рахунок впорядкування і ранжирування елементарних операндів та для зменшення зростання порядків результатів на основі використання операцій видалення відповідних полюсів праворуч та ліворуч та вводу відповідних нулів праворуч та ліворуч. При виконанні дослідження було створено програмно-технічну систему збору експериментальних даних, для ідентифікації моделі динаміки штанги, що використовуються в платформі Стюарта, на основі LabVIEW з використанням модулів FPGA, SoftMotion та Real-Time. Також, в роботі була проведена ідентифікація моделі динаміки штанги платформи Стюарта та визначена її передаточна функція, а також передаточна функція формуючого фільтра, який при вхідному сигналі у вигляді білого шуму має на виході випадковий процес з заданими статичними характеристиками.
MIP mapping the virtual environment for computer games
Authors: Mykhaylov P. , Chekhmestruk R. Y. , Romanyuk O. N. , Kotlyk S. V.
Published: March 2022

The paper describes how MIP-mapping and paging can be used to represent not only terrain imagery, but also terrain elevation. Previously the only things missing to implement Earth coverage were computing power, input/output bandwidth, graphics processing units (GPUs) and techniques to deal with large data sets. The article describes the rendering method that uses the GPU for most of the calculations. Modern graphics accelerators for personal computers allow you to solve problems that require the generation of images of the visual environment of photographic quality in real time. High-quality visualization of large continuous spaces of 3D vegetation is one of the requirements when creating most land transport simulators, as well as many virtual reality applications. Representation of large forest spaces in the form of free-standing tree models that have an acceptable visual quality for close-up display from the observer, it is impossible due to the huge number of primitives required for visualization. The article proposes use parallel calculations in GPU to accelerate rendering. We successfully integrated proposed visualization method into the standard rendering pipeline. For considered tests the application with GPU average ten times faster, than the version using only CPU. The proposed method takes into account the features of the architecture of modern GPUs and allows you to distribute the load on the display between the CPU and GPU. In this case, the method does not require significant resources for visualization. The implementation of the method showed that received speed in most cases is sufficient for the effective application of the method in computer games. The paper also proposes a method for high-quality visualization of large continuous spaces of 3D vegetation.
Features of mitochondrial membrane potential of immunocompetent blood cells in children with chronic nonspecific lung diseases accompanied by pneumofibrosis
Authors: Evseeva G. P. , Knizhnikova E. V. , Suprun E. N. , Suprun S. V. , Kuderova N. I. , Pichugina S. V. , Polubentseva V. V. , Evdokimova T. S. , Lebedko O. A.
Published: March 2022

Pneumofibrosis is a pathological outcome of pulmonary tissue inflammation. It can complicate any lung and bronchial disorder. The mitochondrial membrane potential reflects functional state of immunocompetent blood cells that influence progression of a chronic inflammatory process. The aim of this work was to study the features of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of immunocompetent blood cells in children with chronic nonspecific lung diseases (CNPD), accompanied by pneumofibrosis. We have examined 79 children with CNPD manifesting with symptoms of focal pneumofibrosis. The group of patients included children with congenital lung malformations (43%), consequences of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (41%), chronic bronchitis (10%), post-pneumonic pulmonary fibrosis (6%). The average age of children was 6.5±1.2 years, including 43 boys (54%) and 36 girls (46%). The comparison group included 46 children with COPD without signs of pulmonary fibrosis, the control group consisted of 30 apparently healthy children. The contents of cells with reduced MMP among lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes in peripheral blood was determined with JC-1 dye, using the BD FACSCalibur instrument and Cell Quest Pro software (Becton Dickinson, USA). The proportion of lymphocytes with reduced MMP in patients with COPD was similar in the children of the main and comparison group, exceeding the indexes of the control group by 1.7 times (p < 0.001). Decreased MMP of granulocytes in children with pneumofibrosis was detected 1.9 times more often than in children with fibrosis-free CNPD cases (p < 0.05), and 3.4 times more common than in children from the control group (p < 0.001). Monocytes with reduced MMM in children with pulmonary fibrosis were detected 2 times more often than in children with COPD without fibrosis (p < 0.05), and 7.3 times more frequent than in the control group (p < 0.001). The changes were more expressed in children during exacerbation of the disease. The revealed features suggest a decreased level of metabolic activity of blood cells, thus, probably, presenting an immunopathogenetic basis for development of pneumofibrosis.
A Pilot Feasibility Study of a Combined Supervised- and Home-Based Exercise to Improve Cancer-Related Symptoms in 1-3 Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Byeon Ji-Yong , Park Dong-Hyuk , Lee Mi-Kyung , Yeon Su Jin , Jee Sun Ha , Kim Nam Kyu , Kim Tae Il , Park Ji Soo , Jeon Justin Y.
Published: March 2022

PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility of a home-based exercise program specifically developed to improve bowel/defecatory and physical function in stage 1–3 colorectal cancer patients.METHODS: A total of 15 (56.7 years, 6 men and 9 women) stage 1–3 colorectal cancer survivors were recruited. Participants in the exercise group met with an exercise therapist once a week, 6 times over 6 weeks, where 1-hour exercise sessions (12 different resistance exercises, 10–15 reps, 2–3 sets) and an education session were provided. Participants in the exercise group were then asked to carry out the same exercises daily, at home. Their compliance was monitored through daily exercise logs. Participants in the control group did not receive any exercise education or intervention. Anthropometric measurements, physical function, and quality of life were assessed at baseline and at the 6th week in both groups. In-depth interviews were conducted with participants in the exercise group for a qualitative study.RESULTS: All 15 participants completed the trial and their data were included in the analyses. Stool frequency, flatulence, and embarrassment were significantly improved in the exercise group (pre vs. post, p<.05), while flatulence and embarrassment were significantly improved in comparison to the control group (between-group p-value=.014, and .025 respectively). Through in-depth interviews, participants reported that their body composition, physical fitness, and physical function improved, while symptoms such as fatigue, insomnia, stool frequency, flatulence, and embarrassment reduced after participation in the exercise program.CONCLUSIONS: Our pilot feasibility study showed that home-based exercises provided to colorectal cancer survivors were feasible based on their compliance and qualitative data. In addition, participation in the current exercise program resulted in improvement in their bowel and defecatory function and quality of life.
Analysis of G-test Results According to Fatigue, Physical Fitness and Body Composition of Air Force Cadets Using Smart Watches
Authors: Kim In-Ki , Jeong Deok-Hwa , Sung Jun-Young , Kim Keun-Su
Published: March 2022

PURPOSE: This study aimed to analyze the G-test results based on body composition and heart rate of fourth grade Air Force cadets, identify the relationships among body composition, heart rate, and G-resistance, and provide basic data for pilots and Air Force cadets to strengthen the G-tolerance.METHODS: This study used wearable devices to measure the heart rate and fatigue of 27 fourth-grade cadets of the Air Force Academy. Physical composition and physical fitness were assessed. Based on the measurement results, G-test result analysis and correlation analysis were performed.RESULTS: G-test results showed a steady heart rate (p=.015), deep sleep time (p<.001), and fatigue (p=.008) which have significant differences. Further, a 10-second heart rate at G-test (p<.001) and maximum heart rate (p<.001). There was also a statistically significant difference.CONCLUSIONS: Effective G-test success for Air Force cadets would require improving aerobic performance, continuous fatigue, and physical fitness management. If various variables that affect G-test are analyzed and applied to physical education and physical training through continuous research over the next 2–3 years, it is expected to have a better outcome on the G-test success for every cadet.
Effects of Bilateral and Unilateral Eccentric Exercise on Muscle Damage and Muscular Physiological Indices in Healthy Men
Authors: Park Jong-Yeon , Lee Ho-Seong
Published: March 2022

PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the effects of bilateral and unilateral eccentric exercises on muscle damage and muscular physiological indices in healthy men.METHODS: Using a randomized crossover design, nine adult males without musculoskeletal disorders were divided into a bilateral eccentric exercise group (BEG, n=9) and a unilateral eccentric exercise group (UEG, n=9). Bilateral and unilateral eccentric exercises involved five sets of six repetitions of the rhythm metronome speed eccentric contraction 3 seconds at 110% one repetition maximum (1RM) using bilateral of BEG and the dominant and non-dominant of UEG separated by four weeks, respectively. Muscle damage (flexed and extended ROM, CIR, and VAS) and muscular physiological indices (muscle activity, muscle fatigue, and muscle tone) were measured before, immediately after (0 hour), 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours following bilateral and unilateral eccentric exercises.RESULTS: The flexed ROM, CIR, VAS, muscle activity, and muscle tone were significantly increased after both bilateral and unilateral eccentric exercises (p<.05, respectively). Extended ROM and muscle activity significantly decreased after both bilateral and unilateral eccentric exercises (p<.05, respectively). However, there was no significant interaction between side (S) and time and side (T×S).CONCLUSIONS: These results showed that there was no difference in muscle damage and physiological indices after measuring and setting the 1RM muscle strength separated by bilateral and unilateral eccentric exercises.
Are the Effects of Old and New-Generation Antiepileptic Drugs on Hemogram Parameters Different?
Authors: KÖMÜRCÜ Hatice Ferhan , SARIÇAM Gülhan , ANLAR Ömer
Published: March 2022

Aim: There are different comments related to hematological side effects caused by antiseizure drugs (ASDs). In our study, we investigated the effects of ASDs on hemogram parameters.
Materials and Methods: Hemogram values of 293 patients including 156 women, who used ASDs for at least six months, were compared with the values of 36 healthy control participants group who did not. In addition, the hemogram values of the patients using old-generation antiepileptic drugs such as phenytoin (PHT), carbamazepine (CBZ), valproic acid were compared with those using new-generation antiepileptic drugs as levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, pregabalin (PGB), gabapentin and two ASDs in combination.
Results: Comparison of the patients using ASDs with the control group revealed that white blood cell (WBC) values of only PHT users were lower than the control group (p=0.045). Red cell distribution width (RDW) values were found to be higher in healthy controls than those using AEDs (p<0.001). When the groups using ASDs were compared among themselves, it was found that the WBC values of the users of old- generation ASDs as PHT and CBZ were significantly lower than those using PGB (p=0.006; P=0.005, respectively).
Conclusion: As hematological side effects, ASDs may decrease WBC counts. The WBC decreasing effects of PHT and CBZ, which are older generation antiepileptics, are more pronounced than pregabalin, which is a new- generation antiepileptic drug. The effects of antiepileptic drugs on hemogram parameters of the patients should be taken into consideration while choosing appropriate ASDs and also while following the patient.
German Refugees of 1945 and their Integration into West German Society A Study on the Process of Acculturation
Authors: Lehmann Albrecht
Published: March 2022

Using methods from qualitative cultural analysis, the author has investigated aspects of social and cultural integration of between 12 and 15 million people who were forced in the years 1944 and 1945, to leave German settlements in middle, south-east and eastern Europe and settle in West Germany and the later German Democratic Republic. He describes and analyses acculturation: as a process which is extended over three generations, inquires after the function of oral traditions, the general significance of lost properties and objects of material culture for the individual and collective memory, and the meaning of journeys back to the former settlements. Thereby are general questions raised that attend the present task of research into the processes of world-wide migration.
The Karsikko and Cross-Tree Tradition of Finland The Origins, Change and End of the Custom
Authors: Vilkuna Janne
Published: March 2022

According to an East -Finnish custom that came to an end around the beginning of the 20th century, the karsikko (conifer shorn of branches) and the cross-tree were prepared when the deceased was taken for burial. The Roman-Catholic Church and the Reformation introduced into folk beliefs the idea that the deceased did not journey all the way to the community of the dead. Restoring the social order of the community that had been disturbed by death then required that the dead be placed in the intermediary stage dictated by the tripartite division of the rite of passage in status. It was also necessary to establish a boundary between the living and the dead as a precaution against the undesired return of the deceased.
Totenmasken
Authors: Regener Susanne
Published: March 2022

Totenmasken sind besondere Abbildungsformen des menschlichen Gesichts, die wir zumeist nur van berühmten Persönlichkeiten kennen. Anlaß für eine Reflexion der Bedeutung van Totenmasken gaben die Überreste einer Sammlung van Masken, die Kriminellen nach der Hinrichtung abgenommen worden waren. Ob Berühmtheiten oder Verbrecher - in beiden Fällen sind die dreidimensionalen Abbildungen Ausdruck eines physiognomischen Interesses, das im 19. Jahrhundert verschiedene Bereiche der Wissenschaft und des Alltagslebens durchdringt. Die Totenmasken von Hingerichteten waren Studienobjekte für Kriminalisten und Schreckgespenster in Wachsfigurenkabinetten. Ermittelt werden sollen Sinn und Funktion dieser Abbildungsform und damit verknüpfte symbolische Zeichen. Die Totenmasken von Hingerichteten erscheinen als Trophäen aus dem Kampf gegen das Verbrechen und als wissenschaftliche Studienobjekte im Dienste
der Physiognomik.
Innovations in Material Culture Their Role in Past and Present
Authors: Mohrmann Ruth-E.
Published: March 2022

To study innovations in material culture means to look at a lot of differences in historical and present times. Starting with an example of the late 17th century we will look at the changing kinds of treasuring up of silver stocks. Besides this the reasons for innovations are discussed - why do people cease to use one object and start to use another. Is it due to changing attitudes or to create advantage and what can be said about the importance of norms and values? Concerning the differences in historical times and nowadays we will focus on the sources and methods, especially concerning social conditions and present lifestyle. Recent German studies such as Gerhard Schulze's and the Outfit-Studies are presented and discussed briefly. Finally some reasons for the differences such as the
rapidity of change, the question of supply and demand, the social rank orders and others are taken into account and underlined.
[RETRACTED] Iron Warrior Testo Thrust Reviews – Will Iron Warrior Testo Thrust Pills Work or Scam? v1
Authors: Warrior Testo Thrust Iron
Published: March 2022

[RETRACTED]

Iron Warrior Testo Thrust Reviews – Does It Really Work?
LCM-NanoPOTS workflow for spatial proteome mapping v1
Authors: Kwon Yumi , S Nakayasu Ernesto , Qian Wei-jun , Zhu Ying
Published: March 2022

Spatial proteomics holds great potential to transform our understanding of the role of cell populations and their spatial organizations in human tissues related to diseases. However, in-depth proteome measurement with high spatial resolution has been challenged by the low sample input and inefficient proteomics workflow. In this protocol, we outlined the detailed procedure for high-resolution analysis of human pancreas tissue sections using a spatial proteomic platform by combining laser capture microdissection (LCM), nanoPOTS (nanodroplet processing in one pot for trace samples), and nanoflow liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). This protocol has been applied to human pancreas specimens for HubMAP Tissue Mapping Centers. Expected outcome: The unbiased spatial proteome mapping of >3000 proteins at 50-µm spatial resolution depending on sample types and LC-MS instrumentation.
A técnica da maternidade substitutiva: uma revisão bibliográfica
Authors: De Souza Ana Flavia , Christ Helena Diefenthaeler
Published: March 2022

Objective: to contribute with reflections on surrogate motherhood. Methods: a systematic bibliographic review of articles in Portuguese was conducted in electronic databases (PubMed, Scielo, BVS, and Capes Periodicals) in the last five years, with four articles comprising the review. Results: the studies showed the lack of specific legislation in Brazil on assisted reproduction techniques and surrogate motherhood and its consequences. One study pointed out the importance of the involvement of a professional psychologist in surrogate motherhood. Conclusion: due to the lack of Brazilian legislation, the citizens follow the Federal Council of Medicine's regulations on assisted reproduction techniques and surrogate motherhood. A professional psychologist can contribute to the process of substitutive motherhood. We emphasize the importance of discussions and dissemination of the theme.
As regulamentações de proteção de dados pessoais no Brasil e em Portugal: o tratamento de dados relativos à saúde no âmbito do Projeto “Sífilis Não”
Authors: Evangelista Luís Eduardo Germano , Coutinho Karilany Dantas , Valentim Ricardo Alexsandro de Medeiros , Pereira André Dias , Hekis Helio Roberto , Cunha-Oliveira Aliete , De Oliveira Carlos Alberto Pereira , Barbosa Carla , Lins Hertz Wilton de Castro
Published: March 2022

Objective: to discuss whether the reproduction of the “No Syphilis” Project regarding the processing of large scale of personal data related to health without the consent of the holders would be possible in Portugal. Methods: analysis of the Brazilian, Portuguese, and European legislation on personal data protection, with the “No Syphilis” Project as a case study. Results: the processing of sensitive personal data without the consent of the owner is, as a rule, prohibited by the General Data Protection Regulation, however the processing for reasons of public interest in the field of health and scientific research purposes is authorized, provided that the fundamental freedoms of the holders are guaranteed. Conclusion: considering that the “No Syphilis” Project is a research project that involves addressing and eradicating syphilis in all its forms, specific hypotheses of Portuguese and European legislation authorize the processing of sensitive personal data even without the consent of the holders, specifically, the processing of personal data for reasons of public interest in the field of public health and scientific research purposes.
Acesso a bens e serviços de saúde dos planos de saúde por meio da judicialização: um estudo do estado de São Paulo
Authors: Freitas Beatriz Cristina , Queluz Dagmar de Paula
Published: March 2022

Objective: to analyze access to health goods and services of health plans through judicialization, describing the profile of actions, implications of the right to health and health management. Methods: exploratory, descriptive research, in which 513 judgments of the São Paulo Court of Justice were analyzed, from 2007 to 2017. Results: the results indicate negative coverage (42.45%), and problems related to contracts (26.20 %), readjustments (16.50%), accredited network (7.20%), retired and dismissed workers (7.00%) and moral damages (0.65%). Among the exclusions from coverage, 46% of health plan users sought access to coverage for the treatment of diseases or health-related events: medications (28.7%), exams (18.5%), orthoses and prostheses (12.5%) and hospitalization (12.00%). In 82% of the judgments, the court decisions were favorable to the users. Conclusion: judicialization for access to health goods and services from health plans mainly involves denials of coverage (exclusions and limitations of coverage) and contractual conflicts (mainly old contracts). Within the limits of this research, it can also be concluded that there are indications that health supplement managers need to think about redirecting some of their behaviors, verify faults and dysfunctions, and observe possible gaps in rules or laws for the regulation of consumption in the supplementary health care system, seeking as well to minimize judicialization and achieve more comprehensive health care practices in this segment.
Generation Z, Learning Preferences, and Technology: An Academic Technology Framework Based on Enterprise Architecture
Authors:   Howard University, Cain Curtis , Bryant Allison , Buskey Carlos , Ferguson Yuvay
Published: March 2022

This work provides an overview of Generation X, Y (Millennials), and Z and their characteristics in academia. We present the ways that mobile technology is infused into their lifestyle. We reference how Generation Y and Z in particular expect technology to be integrated into their educational experience, as well as how it helps faculty to facilitate both synchronous and asynchronous learning. Furthermore, an overview is provided of how technology currently contributes to learning and provides a framework for how educators can better engage current students. The conceptual academic technology framework (ATF) put forth in this work will provide an immediate impact in several key areas. This framework enhances structure during course design, which may be based directly on learning outcomes and department/school objectives. It will also directly improve consistency in faculty/student communication by closely monitoring how changes in communication methods have evolved. Finally, we describe how to integrate technology in a meaningful way, in a manner that does not distract students while preparing them for careers in business.
Gastronomik Deneyimin Marka Sadakatine Yansımaları
Authors: KAÇAN Uğur , TOSUN Nurhan Zeynep
Published: March 2022

Gastronomik deneyim, salt bir yemek yeme aktivitesinin ötesinde, sosyal, duygusal, düşünsel, hayali ve teknik benzeri durumları bünyesinde barındıran, özellikle yüksek mutfakta ortaya çıkan tüm süreçlerin etkileşiminin sonucu olarak tanımlanabilir. İnsanlara bu tarz deneyimleri sunmayı misyon edinen işletmeler günümüzde giderek önem kazanmaktadır. Bu durumda, markalar arası rekabeti arttırması doğrultusunda işletmeler sadık müşterilerini kaybetmemek adına yeni arayışlara girmişlerdir. Ayrıca gastronomik deneyiminin sonucunda yemeği bilinçli bir şekilde yorumlayarak görüşlerini çevresi ile paylaşan diğer bir deyişle yüksek mutfağa yönelik bilinçli ve farkındalık sahibi insan sayısı artmaktadır. Bilgiye ulaşımın kolaylaşması doğrultusunda bireylerin bilgi yelpazesinin gelişim göstermesi günümüzün temel olgularındandır. Bu doğrultuda özellikle yüksek mutfağa hitap eden yiyecek-içecek işletmeleri, gastronomik deneyimi önemli bir pazarlama silahı olarak kullanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışma, gastronomik deneyim sunmaya çalışan yiyecek-içecek işletmelerinin, insanların beklentileri göz önüne alındığında marka sadakati yaratma hususunda etkili olan deneyim unsurlarını nicel olarak sorgulamayı ve bu yönde bilimsel veriler üretmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda hazırlanan anket; yemek kültürü gelişkin, sosyal ekonomik statü olarak A ve B gruplarında yer alan 335 katılımcıya uygulanmıştır. Katılımcıların gittikleri lüks restoranlarda (fine dining) yaşadıkları gastronomik deneyimin marka sadakatine yansımasını irdeleyen araştırma neticesinde, gastronomik deneyimin tutumsal marka sadakati üzerinde pozitif etkileri olduğu fakat davranışsal marka sadakatiyle arasında anlamlı bir ilişki kurulamayacağı sonucuna varılmıştır.
Persistence Factors Described by Nursing Students of African Descent
Authors:   , Spencer Claudettte R. , Grant Kristine Sheena Lewis
Published: March 2022

High attrition rates among nursing students of African descent have resulted in a nursing workforce that lacks diversity. Research has largely focused on the obstacles facing students who dropped out of their nursing programs, including financial constraints, academic issues, and personal challenges. Few studies have considered the students who persisted. The purpose of this qualitative dissertation study was to examine the factors that contributed to the persistence of students of African descent enrolled in nursing programs in community colleges as described in the stories and reflections of recently graduated alumni. Data was obtained with the use of two research questions (1) What stories do recently graduated registered nurses tell about their nursing programs in community colleges, the nursing faculty, their peers and the curriculum? (2) What stories do recently graduated nurses of African descent tell about the factors contributing to their persistence in community college (non-cognitive and cultural factors)? Participants were 15 registered nurses of African descent who have successfully completed five different nursing programs at community colleges and have graduated within the past five years. Two semi-structured one-to-one interviews were conducted to examine success strategies utilized by nursing students of African descent at community colleges. Data analysis revealed three themes: 1) Early departure of new nurses 2). Stringent nursing program failure policies 3) A triad of success strategies. Each of these themes provide evidence to support the reasons, obstacles and tools to increase the number of nursing students of African descent graduating from community colleges every year. The major findings of this study include program policies that were not student friendly, the significance of peer support and the value of a study plan early in the curriculum. Two key recommendations resulting from this study are Community College nursing programs and curriculum need to be revised to take into consideration the current landscape of events in healthcare and adequate remediation courses following course failure with an earlier return to the program. Conclusions were formulated based on the revealed need for facilitators of retention programs to adopt suggested ways that would embed knowledge of these success strategies into their programs resulting in improved course completion rates.