bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1,2,3-Triazoles: Lead Molecules For Promising Drugs: A Review
Authors: Singh Rakesh , Kaur Harpreet , Gupta Pankaj
Published: December 2021

A large number of heterocyclic compounds with five membered rings as the parent nucleus such as
tetrazoles, imidazoles, triazoles, oxadiazoles, thiadiazoles, thiazoles, etc. have been studied extensively
owing to their fascinating biological properties like anticancer, antifungal, antimicrobial, antitumor,
anticonvulsant, antiviral, etc. 1,2,3-Triazoles are important class of five-membered biologically active
heterocyclic compounds as they exhibit wide range of pharmacological activities. Triazoles are of two
types viz. 1,2,3-triazole and 1,2,4-triazole. These compounds have drawn great attention from chemists
and biologists since their discovery. In recent years, triazoles has emerged as an interesting field in
drug design for many researchers due to their enormous pharmacological scope. The present review
aims to sum up the medicinal significance of 1,2,3-triazoles as one of the most significant structures
for the development of drug molecules like anticancer, antibacterial, HIV protease inhibitors, antifungal,
anti-inflammatory (COX-1/COX-2 inhibitors), antiprotozoal, anticonvulsant, antioxidant and others,
which are under clinical trials. Various benzyl and benzyl-halide functionalized 1,2,3-triazole derivatives
like rufinamide, mubritinib (TAK-165) and suvorexant showing excellent biological activities have
been used as medicine. In present review, more stress has been laid on the major developments in the
therapeutic aspects of triazole pharmacophore for the last two decades.
Synthetic Approach, Structural Performance and in vitro Antibacterial Activity:
Nitrogen and Oxygen Donor Atoms containing Bidentate Schiff Base Ligand
and its Mononuclear Complexation with Co(II) and Cu(II) Metal Ions
Authors: Ravikant  , Gautam S. , Rajor H.K. , Pipil P. , Singh J. , Singhal S. , Sagar S.K.
Published: December 2021

A synthetic approach has been designed and followed for the synthesis of new bidentate Schiff base
ligand 2-acetylthiophenenicotinic hydrazone (L) (which possessed nitrogen and oxygen donor atoms)
and its Co(II) and Cu(II) mononuclear complexes. All the compounds were examined IR, 1H NMR,
mass, EPR, conductivity, elemental analysis, etc. Octahedral geometry has been assigned to all
synthesized compounds on the basis of magnetic, IR and electronic spectral analysis. In vitro activity
i.e. antibacterial (E. coli and P. aeruginosa) and antifungal (A. niger, M. phasolina and P. glomerata)
had been examined for these compounds following well diffusion and poisoned food methods,
respectively. During the performance of antifungal activity, antifungal agent was incorporated into the
molten agar at various concentrations and mixed well. After performance of in vitro activity, it has
been resulted out that metal(II) complexes exhibited remarkable activity than free ligand but less
active compared to the standard drugs..
Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-TiO2 using
Aqueous Extract of Erythrina variegata Leaves
Authors: Selvi Jayaram Mari , Murugalakshmi Mariappan , Sami Ponnusamy
Published: December 2021

In present work, the Erythrina variegata leaves extract acts as a reducing agent for the green synthesis
of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. The characterization of the extracted TiO2 nanoparticles
were confirmed by ultraviolet spectral studies (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR)
spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) and scanning
electron microscopy (SEM). The UV-Vis absorption spectrum exhibited maximum absorbance peak
at 317.6 nm,w hich supports the formation of TiO2 nanoparticles. The optical band gap energy value
has been determined as 2.35 eV. Further characterization by XRD supports the crystallinity and the
incidence of peak at 25.28 ºC corresponds to 101 anatase form. The anatase phase TiO2 sample having
tetragonal structure with mean crystalline size was found to be 7.91 nm. Scanning electron microscope
image supports the shape of the nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are having effective dye degradation
ability with various time intervals. The green synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles exhibits interesting
photocatalytic efficacy on methylene blue dye under UV irradiation (using multi-lamp photo reactor)
and antibacterial activity against pathogenic organisms like Streptococci, Staphylococci, E. coli and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Notes from the Editors, December 2021
Authors: The Editors -
Published: December 2021

buy this issue

With the rapidly worsening capitalist demolition of the planetary environment and the expansion of ecosocialist movements in response, leading establishment think tanks, like the corporate-supported Breakthrough Institute, dedicated to promoting the ideology of "green capitalism" at any cost, have found themselves in a difficult place.
Moving the Bar: Michael Ratner, Social Justice, and a Life Defending the Revolution
Authors: Dohrn Bernardine
Published: December 2021

There are a thousand ways to be a radical lawyer. Michael Ratner's magnificent Moving the Bar gives a tantalizing taste of how one person, with his increasing band of colleagues, defended movements for social justice and revolution during his lifetime.
Decolonizing English Language Teaching in Colombia: Epistemological Perspectives and Discursive Alternatives
Authors: Fandiño-Parra Yamith José
Published: December 2021

In times of geocultural subalternization of knowledge and education, English language teaching (ELT) is torn between subalternizing policies and subjectivating practices. Within this context, ELT teacher educators face policies and discourses aimed at framing their teaching practices, professional lives, and research agendas. However, at the same time, they are expected to engage in practices and processes that allow for personal adaptation and social change. Amid this ambivalence, this reflection paper makes a call to decolonize ELT in Colombia. To this effect, this paper reviews some basic epistemological perspectives such as colonialism and decolonial studies. Then, it proposes the decolonization of ELT, along with a grammar of decoloniality based on discursive alternatives about power, knowledge, and being with the potential of bringing about a transformative teacher subjectivation. The main conclusion is that the Colombian ELT community needs to first deconstruct dominant structures and strategies that enact epistemic and cultural dominance of the global north, and then construct alternative discourses and practices that acknowledge and disseminate the singularities of its knowledge and culture.
español como L2 en aprendientes bilingües hablantes de namtrik en edad infantil: estudio de actitudes lingüísticas
Authors: Chamorro Mejía Mónica
Published: December 2021

El pueblo misak es una comunidad indígena del suroccidente colombiano que, no obstante un estrecho y prolongado contacto histórico con la cultura occidentalizada y la lengua española, mayoritaria en el territorio, ha logrado conservar su identidad lingüística y cultural. En este contexto, el presente artículo expone los resultados de un estudio de actitudes lingüísticas donde se analizaron las percepciones de un grupo de niños misak en edad escolar –alumnos del quinto grado de educación primaria, hablantes de namtrik y aprendientes de español como segunda lengua– respecto a algunas variedades del español colombiano, incluyendo aquella con marcas de namtrik hablada en el resguardo de Guambía. Los hallazgos permitieron establecer relaciones entre las actitudes lingüísticas de los niños namtrik, una motivación de tipo instrumental y los problemas de aprendizaje relacionados con una situación concreta, determinada por el contacto entre lenguas y culturas.
School desegregation, school re-zoning, and growth management in two Maryland counties
Authors: Bierbaum Ariel H. , Sunderman Gail L.
Published: December 2021

This article examines how school and non-school policies interact to reinforce or disrupt school segregation in the context of suburban communities and how these systems are maintained by structural and institutional mechanisms. Methodologically, we use a case study approach to delve deeply into the interpretation and implementation of school attendance zone redesign and non-school policies, specifically land use policies and tools. We draw on neo-institutionalist theory and Ray’s (2019) framework of racialized organizations to make sense of school districts, planning agencies, and their policies. We find that school district rezoning policies provide a weak regulatory framework for desegregating schools because school zoning decisions are not made in a vacuum but rather are shaped by policies and actions taken by other actors in a multi-level governance structure. School zoning policies themselves prioritized capacity over desegregation, and regulations and norms governing the public engagement processes privilege opposition to desegregation. Our study points to the importance of greater coordination across governmental levels and policy arenas, and underscores how desegregation policy is part of a political and relational process between advocates, elected leaders, families, and youth across policy sectors.
The Impact of Indonesia’s School Operational Assistance Program on The Transition Rate from Primary to Junior Secondary School
Authors: Харизма Байю , Реми Сутястие Соэмитро , Махарани Динда Аю
Published: December 2021

This study investigates the impact of Indonesia’s School Operational Assistance Program (BOS) on the transition rate from primary to junior secondary school using data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) and the Difference-in-Differences method. The results showed that the School Operational Assistance Program (BOS) significantly increases the transition rate from Primary to Junior Secondary School. Meanwhile, the School Operational Assistance Program (BOS) is more effective in increasing the transition rate in girls compared to boys. When comparing rural and urban settings, the program is more effective in rural than urban areas. Despite results showing that the School Operational Assistance Program (BOS) has successfully increased the transition rate from primary to junior secondary school, the program still has several problems, such as inadequate management of the funds and the lack of quality control related to its usage. The three models tested in the study conclude that the School Operational Assistance Program (BOS) significantly improved the overall transition rate from primary to junior secondary school in Indonesia, particularly for girls and rural areas.
Acknowledgments. This research is supported by DRPMI Universitas Padjadjaran (UNPAD) for Lecture Competency Research (RKDU) scheme. We thank our colleagues from the Department of Economics, who provided insight and expertise that greatly assisted the research and we thank “anonymous” reviewers for their so-called insights.
Занятость и здоровье “сэндвич-поколения” в России: эмпирический анализ
Authors: Карцева Марина Анатольевна
Published: December 2021

В работе изучается влияние «сэндвич-синдрома» на занятость и здоровье индивидов в России. Мы полагаем, что человек испытывает «сэндвич-синдром», если предоставляет услуги неформального ухода двум поколениям. Оценивание эффекта “сэндвич-синдрома” проводится методом мэтчинга. Эмпирической базой исследования являются микроданные Выборочного наблюдения использования суточного фонда времени населением, проведенного Росстатом в 2019 году. Выявлено, что в целом «сэндвич-синдром» оказывает негативное влияние на вероятность занятости индивидов, увеличивает вероятность дистанционной занятости, но не влияет на заработную плату. Наличие «сэндвич-синдрома» не влияет на самооценку здоровья индивидов, но увеличивает вероятность наличия хронических заболеваний. Люди, ухаживающие за двумя поколениями, чаще испытывают чувство нехватки времени и имеют меньше свободного времени. Величина и значимость эффекта «сэндвич-синдрома» варьируется в зависимости от типа контрольной группы (не испытывающие «сэндвич-синдром»; ни за кем не ухаживающие; ухаживающие только за детьми; ухаживающие только за взрослыми).
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения научно-исследовательской работы государственного задания РАНХиГС.
Автор выражает свою искреннюю признательность И.А. Денисовой, М.Г. Колосницыной и анонимному рецензенту за чрезвычайно полезные замечания и комментарии.
Этнография протеста: кто и почему вышел на улицы в январе — апреле 2021?
Authors: Архипова Александра Сергеевна , Захаров Алексей Владимирович , Козлова Ирина Владимировна
Published: December 2021

Статья посвящена уличным политическим протестам 2021 г. в России. Материалом послужили результаты опросов и интервью с их участниками, а также данные включенного наблюдения на митингах в январе, феврале и апреле 2021 г. в Москве, Санкт-Петербурге и Казани. Сочетание социологических и антропологических методов позволило нам понять, кто участвовал в протестных акциях зимой и весной 2021 г. и почему они это делали. Большая часть и новых, и старых участников митингов — люди в возрасте от 18 до 39 лет, получившие или получающие высшее образование, поэтому представления о протестах как о «революции детей» или «протесте бомжей» одинаково неверны. Протест обновился по своему составу: для значительной доли митингующих (более 42%) это был первый опыт участия в публичных акциях, причем основная часть «новичков» — молодые люди в возрасте до 25 лет. Некоторые из протестующих воспринимают свое участие в митингах как политическую инициацию, однако не все они сторонники Алексея Навального: его поддержка оказалась лишь одной из многих мотивировок. На основе результатов анализа текстов плакатов и интервью мы сделали вывод, что основными мотивами участия в митингах протеста выступают недовольство политической ситуацией в целом, требования соблюдения законов, поддержка всех политзаключенных, социальное и экономическое расслоение общества. Неприятие политического наcилия и социальное расслоение стали основными триггерами выхода протестующих на улицу — в первую очередь для тех самых 42% «новичков».
Благодарность. Исследование проведено в рамках гранта, предоставленного Министерством науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (№ соглашения о предоставлении гранта: 075-15-2020-908).
Авторы статьи выражают благодарность Кириллу Рогову, движению «Белый счетчик», Борису Овчинникову за организацию опроса в Facebook, нашим коллегам по группе МАФ и волонтерам, которые проводили опросы и наблюдения: Сергею Белянину, Борису Пейгину, Анне Курочкиной, Марии Гавриловой, Анастасии Карасевой, Артему Серебрякову, Анне Чернобыльской, Елене Федоровне Югай, Елене Алексеевне Югай, Нине Александровой, Анне Орловой, Асмик Новиковой, Ивану Сорочану, Гузелии Гиматдиновой, Ольге Карташевой, Елизавете Семирхановой, Марии Сухановой, Елене Габер, Дмитрию Нестерову, Сергею Ниненко, а также группе PS-Lab и волонтерам, вместе с которыми мы собирали интервью 21 апреля.
Observed features of the water masses in the Halmahera Sea in November 2016
Authors: Iskandar Mochamad Riza , Purwandana Adi , Surinati Dewi , Zheng Wang
Published: December 2021

Halmahera Sea is one of the locations in the eastern route of Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), where high salinity water is mainly transported by the ITF. The description of water mass in the Halmahera Sea from the perspective of water mass, and related mixing is important. It is not only useful for understanding water mass features, but it can also be used to determine the strength of the turbulent mixing, and so allow how it relates to the water transformation. Here, we report the water mass properties and estimation of mixing quantities in the Halmahera Sea from the CTD profiles based on recent onboard observations during the IOCAS cruise in November 2016. The water mass analysis was done by examining the characteristics of water types in the Temperature-Salinity (T-S) diagram. The mixing estimation uses the density profile derived from temperature and salinity profiles and the quantification of vertical turbulence observed by density overturn. Halmahera Sea is to be found as the location where the thermocline salinity changes abruptly, it is shown from the erosion of salinity maximum in the density of 22-26σθ decreased from the north to the south of the basin. It is associated with strong mixing with spots of higher vertical diffusivity in the thermocline and intermediate layer. In the upper layer, the mixed layer depth in the Halmahera Sea is relatively shallow with an average of about 16.95 m and it is associated with weak wind stress during this month.
Producing Active Secondary Metabolite Against Pathogenic Vibrio spp. by Actinobacteria-Sodium Alginate Co-Culture
Authors: Azhar Nuril , Yudiati Ervia , Subagiyo Subagiyo , Alghazeer Rabia
Published: December 2021

Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio harveyi have been found in aquatic environments and suspected as the primary trigger of WFD (White Feces Disease) outbreaks in aquaculture. This Vibrio spp. has an antibiotic resistance to Ampicillin, Co-Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin, Azithromycin, Actinobacteria and Ciprofloxacin HCL. Actinobacteria and alginate have been reported to increase the marine biota resistance against diseases through prebiotic and probiotic mechanisms. This study aims to discover and increase the secondary metabolite production of Actinobacteria-Alginate and its ability as anti-vibrio. Alginate extraction in the samples dated September 2020 originally from Teluk Awur Bays, Jepara, Central Java, Indonesia (33.73±1.84%) was considerably higher than in May 2021 (22.67±0.3%). Samples were taken from sediment and mangrove root. Actinobacteria strains are macroscopically and microscopically similar to the genus Streptomyces. The most well-known antibiotics were produced by Streptomyces spp. The anti-vibrio test was carried out by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion. The results were observed by measuring the inhibition zone surrounding the paper disc using a digital calliper. Co-culture strain 90 together with alginate have an approved antibacterial activity against all Vibrio spp. in the concentration of 10.disc-1 mg and 5 mg.disc-1. Co-culture Actinobacteria with alginate has remarkably changed the green-yellow color to olive green/dark red-orange (strains 3, 62, 63, 72, and 90), indicating the transformation of the formation alginate with pigments into other compounds through the biosynthetic pathway. Therefore, alginate enables to support of Actinobacteria by induction the active secondary metabolite as an anti-vibrio to counteract the bacterial pathogen diseases.
Active learning in history teaching in higher education: The effect of inquiry-based learning and a student response system-based formative assessment in teacher training
Authors: Tirado-Olivares Sergio , Cózar-Gutiérrez Ramón , García-Olivares Rebeca , González-Calero José Antonio
Published: December 2021

Information and communication technology has produced changes in the demands of modern-day society (e.g., most jobs will require advanced digital skills in the short term). In addition, nowadays, new active methodologies using emerging technologies are being put into practice. However, little research has been conducted with pre-service teachers, particularly in the teaching of history. This quantitative study analysed the impact of the implementation of a mixed methodology using inquiry-based learning and a student response system (SRS) for the formative assessment of the academic achievement of 240 prospective primary teachers of history. The application of this mixed methodology shows better academic results than traditional lecture-based teaching. In addition, students’ scores achieved through use of the SRS predicted the scores of male students in the final exam; however, this was not in the case for females.
Implications for practice or policy:

The introduction of information and communication technology into history teaching brings active learning environments in higher education.
Pre-service teachers can improve their knowledge of history through the implementation of inquiry-based learning methodology and SRSs.
Our results indicate that an SRS can be an effective tool for teachers to carry out students' formative assessment.
Teachers can effectively use SRS scores to predict male students' performance in history, but not female performance.
Physical therapy using robotics: A project-based learning experience for undergraduate students
Authors: Lopez-Caudana Edgar , López-Orozco Christian Fernando , Mendoza Bárbara César , Baltazar Reyes Germán Eduardo , Ponce Pedro , Chong-Quero J. Enrique
Published: December 2021

The dynamic society we live in requires constant adaptation and innovation on every aspect of our daily lives, allowing us to improve the necessities of different people by doing it. For this study, we used a new approach with project-based learning to go beyond the typical environment in higher education and bring solutions to real-life scenarios. The project was developed with undergraduate engineering students in collaboration with a rehabilitation institute in Mexico City to design a physical therapy routine using the NAO robot. It allowed interaction between young patients in real time and fostered empathy while developing a final usable product. The study measured the usability of the robotic platform during the rehabilitation sessions and the reproducibility of the project through Cronbach's alpha evaluation. The usability results show a higher interest in the project from both the patients and the medical staff involved while constructing the material needed to develop a product that matches the standards given by the rehabilitation institute.
Implications for practice or policy:

Therapists could change traditional approaches to caregiving while adopting new technological methodologies using robots.
Higher education students could supplement their school curricula with real-case scenarios such as creating innovative therapy sessions for people with physical disabilities.
Schools might need to collaborate with a wide range of institutions to provide technological solutions to real problems.
New way of investigating ICT- enhanced teaching in TAFE Australia: Disciplinary focused
Authors: Khan Md Shahadat Hossain , Gregory Sue
Published: December 2021

Teachers’ ways of using ICT (Information and Communication Technology) in various disciplines is a recent issue in the higher educational research paradigm. In order to extend previous findings in relation to this issue, this research proposes an in-depth investigation focusing on vocational teachers’ qualitatively diverse ways of using ICT in different disciplines. A cohort of 11 teachers from three TAFE (Technical and Further Education) institutions of NSW, Australia, were purposively chosen aiming to ensure adequate variations in disciplines, gender, and experience of using ICT. The phenomenographic research approach was considered as the theoretical and methodological underpinning which guided the participant selection, data collection and data analysis. The findings revealed that disciplines have very limited influence on using ICT in TAFE teaching. It further discerned four categories of description: tool, content, subject, and student focused. The findings provide useful information towards improving vocational teaching practices in different disciplines and working as an input for improving teacher professional development program (TPD). In order to generalise these findings, an extended research with a wider sample is recommended.
The use of a publishing platform to facilitate the adaptation and development of Open Textbooks: A Pilot Report
Authors: Nixon Kate , Henry Katya
Published: December 2021

After a successful proof of concept to expand the university’s commitment to Open Educational Resources (OER), a pilot program was launched to facilitate the adaptation and development of Open Textbooks by academic staff for students as well as broader audiences. The pilot involved the use of the publishing platform Pressbooks as a mechanism to raise awareness of Open Educational Resources, and to provide a university-supported tool with which to develop Open Textbooks. Commencing in Semester 2, 2020, participants in the pilot received vendor training from Pressbooks, as well as support from learning and teaching and library staff. Pilot participants used the Pressbooks platform in a number of ways. Academics created textbooks as course material in a single unit, academics adapted open textbooks for Australian contexts over a number of units, and academics created open textbooks based on their research and not for a specific unit of study. Of the 13 pilot participants, five open textbooks were created, with one still in development. Responses to the pilot were mixed. Student feedback on the use of Pressbooks indicates that they enjoyed the structured and easy-to-read course material. Other students expressed frustration with the higher workload expectations of consuming material online prior to participating in synchronous classes. Students appreciated the zero cost of engaging with an open textbook. Academic feedback was also mixed, with some appreciating the flexibility and engagement that they can achieve in Pressbooks. Others were discouraged by the amount of time spent on creating material for little perceived benefit. The majority of academic staff who developed a textbook using Pressbooks would like to continue to use the platform.
Bezpieczeństwo edukacyjne dzieci cudzoziemskich jako element bezpieczeństwa kulturowego
Authors: Orłowska Beata A.
Published: December 2021

Celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na kwestię gwarantowania bezpieczeństwa edukacyjnego dla cudzoziemskich dzieci. Trudności po stronie uczniów, szkolnych administracji czy nauczycieli świadczą o tym, że nie można ich zignorować. Nie można też pominąć bezpieczeństwa kulturowego, będącego podstawą bezpieczeństwa edukacyjnego. Artykuł został podzielony na kilka głównych części. Pierwsza stanowi wprowadzenie do zagadnienia bezpieczeństwa kulturowego i edukacyjnego. Kolejne części zawierają próby wyszczególnienia obszarów wsparcia dla cudzoziemskich uczniów w celu podjęcia dyskusji na temat sytuacji cudzoziemskich dzieci w polskich szkołach.
Culture - Surprise and the Psychoanalyst
Authors: Harrison Alexandra M.
Published: December 2021

The author describes how an immersion experience in another culture can benefit the psychoanalyst—and the individual who is a psychoanalyst—by confronting trusted theories and challenging the analyst to create new methods for understanding basic aspects of human experience, such as the meaning of the “self.”
PENGEMBANGAN POCKETBOOK PEMBELAJARAN MUFRADÂT BERBASIS ANTI RADIKALISME BAGI MAHASISWA JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN BAHASA ARAB
Authors: Ali Jauhar
Published: December 2021

This research aims to find out and describe the development of pocketbooks for Arabic vocabulary learning (mufradât) based on anti-radicalism for students majoring in Arabic Language Education (PBA) FTIK IAIN Pekalongan. This study's results are expected to make a real contribution to the advancement or development of Arabic vocabulary learning media (mufradât) based on anti-radicalism and add scientific insight into the development of Arabic vocabulary learning media (mufradât) based on anti-radicalism. This development research uses analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation (ADDIE) models. The results showed: (1) The resulting product form in the form of pocketbook Arabic vocabulary  (mufradât) based on anti-radicalism size 11 cm x 15cm with a total of 61 pages. The first section contains an introduction (foreword and table of contents), the second part of the material's content, the Arabic vocabulary (mufradât) based on anti-radicalism, and the last page a list of libraries. This book is made practically and interestingly to make it easier for users and not dull for students. This pocketbook media can be reproduced easily so that every student can have it personally; (2) Based on the assessment of experts, it can be concluded that this pocketbook medium is worthy of use in Arabic vocabulary (mufradât). The material expert rated the results 71 in the category of "Very Worthy" or very good, while the media expert rated the 67 products in the category "Worthy" or acceptable. The student questionnaire results on the assessment of pocketbooks as a medium of Learning Arabic received a score of 79.95 in the category of "Very Worthy" or Very Good.
SEMIOTIKA DALAM LIRIK LAGU ‘AL BARQ AL YAMANI’ OLEH NISSA SABYAN DAN ADAM ALI
Authors: Al-Falah Adib , Kuswardono Singgih , Irawati Retno Purnama
Published: December 2021

Song lyrics are basically part  of literary works, they belong to poetry type literary works because both have  similarities in their elements. So the analysis of the meaning of the lyrics of the song  Al Barq Al Yamani which was popularized by Nissa Sabyan and Adam Ali is carried  out using a semiotic analysis of Michael Riffaterre's model which focuses on poetry  analysis (song lyrics). This study aims to find the meaning ofsong lyrics Al Barq Al Yamani's by  describing (1) the unsustainability of the expression, (2) heuristic reading, (3)  hermeneutic reading, (4) matrix, model and variant, and (5) hypogram. This research  is a descriptive-qualitative research with a semiotic approach and the lyrics of the song  Al Barq Al Yamani as its corpus. The design used in this research is library research.The results of this study are as follows. (1) the continuity of expressions  includes: (a) displacing of meaning shown through the use of personified figurative  language, metaphor and synecdiction, (b) distorsing of meaning through ambiguity and  nonsense, (c) creating of meaning caused by rhyme, enjambement and typography (2)  The heuristic reading describes the longing and desires of a person (writer) for his  lover. (3) Hermeneutic reading describes the longing and desires of a person (writer)  for his lover, namely the Prophet Muhammad SAW. A depiction of longing to meet  and hope to be by his side. (4) Matrix: Prophet Muhammad SAW, model: longings and  desires, as well as variants that spread throughout the verse. (5) Hypogram consists of  potential and actual hypograms
The use of SGLT2 inhibitors in achieving glycaemic control in maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 3
Authors: Sriravindrarajah Arunan , Fernandes Amelia , Wu Ted , Hocking Samantha
Published: December 2021

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 3 (MODY3) accounts for approximately 50% of cases of MODY. First-line treatment with sulfonylureas has been well established for individuals with MODY3. In contrast, the use of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in the treatment of individuals with MODY3 remains unclear. This case illustrates the in vivo effect of an SGLT2 inhibitor in a 30-year-old woman with MODY3 with poor glycaemic control despite the treatment with supramaximal doses of sulfonylurea and metformin. The addition of a SGLT2 inhibitor resulted in a rapid improvement in glycaemic control without any hypoglycaemic episodes. This case suggests that SGLT2 inhibitors may be an effective and potent treatment option in addition to sulfonylureas for individuals with MODY3.

Learning points

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 3 (MODY3) arises from mutations in the hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha gene, which controls the expression of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) in the kidneys.

Paradoxically, despite individuals with MODY3 having reduced expression of SGLT2, SGLT2 inhibitors induce higher glycosuria in individuals with MODY3 compared to individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

SGLT2 inhibitors may be an effective treatment for achieving glycaemic control in individuals with MODY3.
Update on acute promyelocytic leukemia in the pediatric population
Authors: Ruiz-Rodriguez Adriana , ObandoMadrigal Lucia , Mateus-Vargas Ana Lucia
Published: December 2021

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has shown differences in incidence around the world, it has a characteristic molecular, pathogenic and clinical development mechanism. Despite being a low incidence acute myeloid leukemia (AML) compared to other AML and having a good response to therapy, it continues to be of interest due to the toxicities of its current treatment, to mutations that have shown resistance to those drugs, and to the few possibilities of alternative treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and anthracyclines in the pediatric population. Furthermore, the description of new mutations that originate APL produced by LPA generates new interest in studies that may shed light on their effects on the disease’s incidence, prognoses, and response to treatment. This article aims to review different studies that describe findings of APL in terms of incidences, treatments, side effects, survival, especially in the pediatric population. Different studies propose the use of ATRA - arsenic trioxide (ATO) as the first line of treatment, however, few have been carried out in the pediatric population and the use of ATO is not recommended in children under 5 years of age. On the other hand, the differentiation syndrome (DS) has been d
Relationship between financial well-being and Burnout Syndrome in anesthesiologists
Authors: Schuch Reimann Eduardo , Bagatini Airton
Published: December 2021

Burnout syndrome and problems in personal financial life can have negative effects on mental health. Given this similarity between the two, the question is whether there is a correlation between financial well-being and the risk of developing the syndrome. In this study a questionnaire was applied to analyze this relationship. The results show that the lower the financial well-being, the higher the risk of Burnout. The prevalence of the syndrome in the sample was 28.6%. Furthermore, age and time in the job market showed a negative correlation with this risk, while the weekly work load showed a positive correlation. Despite not demonstrating causality between the variables, this study presents new data in the literature. Future studies in the area are necessary to aid in the prevention and treatment of Burnout Syndrome.
A rare side effect of Cyclophosphamide Induced Acute Interstitial Pneumonitis: a case report
Authors: Thomas Sonia Amin , Patel Harnisha
Published: December 2021

A 41-year-old patient with Metastatic Breast Cancer suffered from pneumonitis after administration of cyclophosphamide. A CT angiogram with IV contrast was compatible with bronchopneumonia and it was treated with broad spectrum antibiotics. Other causes of pulmonary disease were ruled out concluding patient developed cyclophosphamide induced pneumonitis. Thus, more attention is required to the serious and rare side effects of cyclophosphamide related lung toxicities. In this case report, we will focus on the rare side effects such as cyclophosphamide-induced pneumonitis (AIP) occurring in less than 1% of the population.
Antisynthetase Syndrome associated with mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, presenting as an acute respiratory failure
Authors: Mansour Amani Ben , Ben Saad Soumaya , Yaalaoui Sadok , Bellali Hedia , Daghfous Hafaoua , Tritar Fatma
Published: December 2021

Antisynthetase syndrome (ASS) is characterized by myositis, interstitial lung disease, Raynaud’s phenomenon, fever and mechanics hands. Diagnosis is confirmed with the detection of an antibody directed against anti–aminoacyl–transfer–RNA synthetases (ARS). The most common anti–ARS antibody is anti–Jo–1. Opportunistic infections are common causes of mortality in patients with autoimmune diseases. Immunosuppressive treatment further contributes to the risk of infection. We report a rare case of a 68 year–old man diagnosed with antisynthetase syndrome associated to a pulmonary tuberculosis infection, revealed with an acute respiratory failure. The diagnosis of this rare combination of a connective tissue disease and tuberculosis revealed with an acute respiratory failure is difficult in a previously asymptomatic patient. Early diagnosis and immunosuppressive therapy associated to antituberculosis treatment started precociously prevented the disease progression and resulted in a good outcome.
Re-expansion pulmonary edema after large left pleural effusion
Authors: Chaudhry, MD Bilal , Alekseyev, MD, MBA Kirill , Didenko MS Lidiya , Donti, DO Nikita
Published: December 2021

Background: Reexpansion pulmonary edema (REPE) is a complication that arises from a precipitous or rapid expansion of a collapsed lung. This rare complication is thought to arise after using an intercostal drainage tube in patients with a tension pneumothorax, those with large pleural effusions, and occasionally when used therapeutically in thoracentesis. There are a multitude of risk factors, and it usually self-limiting, with the mainstay of treatment being supportive with oxygen. It is believed that 20% of cases are fatal. Case report: A 60-year-old male was treated with a 28 French tube for a large left pleural effusion. He developed REPE shortly after and developed severe shortness of breath, for which he required high flow oxygen. He was managed in the Intermediate Care Unit (IMCU) and shortly after was discharged home.
Efficacy of statins in improving cognitive functions in vascular dementia
Authors: lazashvili Tamar , Tabukashvili Revaz , Kapetivadze Vera , Maglapheridze Zviadi , Kuparadze Marina , Grigorashvili Zurab
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of statins in improving cognitive function in patients with vascular dementia. As the most important etiological factors of the disease are atherosclerotic vascular lesions, one of the important areas of treatment is lipid metabolism analysis and drug treatment for dyslipidemia. Methods: 31 patients were selected for the study, ages 65-65 years, 18 males, 13 females. Twenty patients were included in the study group, treated with Simvastatin (80 mg daily dose). 11 patients were included in the control group. They received placebo therapy. Patients were examined every 4 weeks for 12 weeks using a neuropsychological test with mini-mental scaling, and both groups had low-density lipoprotein and cholesterol levels before and after treatment. Results: In the 12-week post-treatment group, low-density lipoprotein levels were reduced by 54% and cholesterol by 48%. Neuropsychological status examination revealed deterioration of cognitive functions and no difference was observed between study and control group data. Conclusion: Based on the data obtained from our study, it should be noted that correction of lipid metabolism by statins in patients with vascular dementia did not lead to a reduction in cognitive impairment and clinical improvement in patients with vascular dementia.
Alexithymia in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Starynets, Nataliya , Starynets GA
Published: December 2021

Background: An independent psychological construct like alexithymia is the least studied in multiple sclerosis (MS). The objective of this study was to determine the level of alexithymia in patients with MS and the degree of influence on it of different social and demographic characteristics of patients, including gender, age, place of residence, marital status, level of education, clinical parameters of the disease, depression and anxiety. Materials and methods: 88 hospital patients with varying degrees of severity and type of MS were examined, according to the McDonald criteria, 2010. The following scales were used to assess the signs of depression, anxiety and alexithymia: the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-26). Results: The prevalence of alexithymia in patients with MS was 36.36%, while 34.09% represented the "marginal" group. A statistically significant positive correlation between alexithymia and depression and anxiety in patients with MS was established. High levels of alexithymia were detected with a high degree of depression on the BDI scale. None of the above socio-demographic and clinical variables influenced statistically significantly the presence of alexithymia. Conclusion: Alexithymia can be a key psychological factor that impedes the true emotional integration of disease-related changes.
Stroke in patients with COVID-19 diagnosis in a Public National Hospital
Authors: Susana Yanira Cruz de Pereira , Georgina Bortoli Romina , Alberto Camputaro Luis , Jose Luis Tamayo Ortiz , Manuel Enrique, Bello Quesada , Francisco, Ruiz Zelaya , Rudy Armandox, Bonilla Carranza , Paolo Antoine Vigne Cuellar
Published: December 2021

Infection by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causes a multisystemic disorder, being the main manifestations in the respiratory system. However, neurological manifestations have been reported showing an increased incidence of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. A retrospective study (January, February and March 2021), in the database of “Hospital Nacional El Salvador” in order to detect and describe the findings in admitted patients who required Brain Computed Tomography (CT) scan due to Acute Neurological manifestations during their hospitalization. Objective: To describe de incidence of stroke in COVID-19 patient admitted to Hospital El Salvador compare to El Salvador population. Methods: Observational cross-sectional study in January, February and March 2021 at “Hospital Nacional El Salvador” designated as COVID Hospital to face the Pandemic. The epidemiological data, images, and reports from the Radiology Department of all patients admitted to the hospital were obtained via the electronic database “Patient Care Integral System” (“Sistema Integral de Atención al Paciente” - SIAP). The following definitions were stablished: 1. Normal CT, 2. Abnormal CT; highlighting the presence of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. The Study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Results: During the period studied, a total of 3,632 patients with clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 were registered. CT scan was required for 87 (2.4%) patients, of whom 74 (2.04%) presented some type of abnormality; 20 (27.02%) of the abnormal CT scans had findings corresponding to a stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic); this represents an incidence of 0.55% of the total patients assisted in this period. The age-adjusted global mortality rate from cerebrovascular diseases (2014, updated 2018) is 25.2 per 100,000 inhabitants; our finding would indicate an increase in the expected rate of stroke compared to general population. Conclusion: Coinciding with other reports, we found that the disease COVID-19 has a higher incidence of stroke in hospitalized patients older than 60 years.
Breast self examination by female students of the universite officielle de ruwenzori, butembo city, democratic republic of Congo
Authors: Mastaki J Kambale , J Kalondero , T Munzombo , Kabila T Mutume , Ngwala B Ngwala
Published: December 2021

ntroduction Breast self-examination is one of the most effective measures strongly recommended for the prevention of breast cancers by means of early detection. Material and method An institution and self-administered questionnaire based cross-sectional survey was conducted among female students of the Université Officielle de Ruwenzori (UOR), Butembo city, in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) during the academic period 2018 to 2019. Results 215 female students out of 358 were included (response rate: 60.00%). Age mean and median were 22.74 years (95%CI: 22.25-23.24) and 22.00 years respectively. Most of them belonged to Nande/Yira tribe (81.55%; 95%CI: 75.61%-86.31%), the Faculty of Medicine (56.34%; 95%CI: 49.55%-62.90%) and catholic religion (53.49%; 95%CI: 46.75%-60.11%). The absolute majority of them had a basic knowledge about breast self-examination (BSE) (79.44%; 95%CI: 73.45%-84.37%) while only a slight majority has performed BSE at least once (55.71%; 95%CI: 48.88%-62.34%). Only the course of study (Medicine), residence (Butembo city), having basic knowledge about breast cancers and BSE impacted significantly on practice of BSE (Pearson chi2 p-values of 0.028, 0.037, 0.003 and 0.000 respectively). Finally, logistic regressions showed that only basic knowledge about BSE was associated with its practice. The relationship was strong (OR: 6.641; 95%CI: 2.823-15.620). Conclusion The large majority of UOR’s female students have basic knowledge about breast cancers and BSE. However, this fact is not automatically translated in a good appropriate health behavior meaning BSE. More effective sensitization has to be done in order to fix this health problem.
Meconium-stained liquor and low birth weight increases the odds of low fifth-minute apgar scores in public health facilities of arba minch town, southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mersha Abera , Shibiru Shitaye , Bante Agegnehu
Published: December 2021

Background: Low Apgar scores in the childbirth period increased risk globally and significantly contributes to both newborn morbidity and mortality. Hence, it is very essential to update information on the status of low fifth-minute Apgar scores and factors affecting. Some studies were conducted, but most are retrospective and record reviews. Besides, there is limited study in country-Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the recent status of low fifth-minute Apgar scores and factors affecting in the study setting. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 286 newborns in public health facilities of Arba Minch town, southern Ethiopia from February 6 to March 9, 2019. Study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling method. Pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaires and checklist were used to collect the data. Data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported to Stata version 15 for analysis. A crude and adjusted odds ratio was computed in the binary logistic regression model. In this study, P-value, < 0.05 was considered to declare factors as a statistically significant association. Results: In this study, 17.8% (95%CI: 13.8%, 22.7%) of neonates had low fifth-minute Apgar scores. Condition of labor (induced/augmented) (AOR=3.33, 95%CI: 1.24, 8.90), meconium-stained liquor (AOR=3.37, 95%CI: 1.17, 9.74), and birth weight (AOR=3.48, 95%CI: 1.23, 9.86) were significantly associated with neonate’s low fifth-minute Apgar scores. Conclusions: This study indicated that a significant number of newborns resulted in low fifth-minute Apgar scores. Strengthen the provision of health information during antenatal care; avoid delay in screening high-risk mothers during pregnancy and delivery, and give immediate interventions should be recommended.
Intra pericardial herniation in congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: H Koura Mohamed , Qoura Hamid , Nayar Madhavan , Sajwani Mohammed J Al
Published: December 2021

Intrapericardial diaphragmatic hernia is a rare condition with only few cases reported in the English language literature.1 During a span of eight months in 2010-2011 we treated two cases of congenital intra pericardial diaphragmatic hernia in Royal Hospital in the Sultanate of Oman. The first case was not diagnosed antenatally as diaphragmatic hernia. Post-natally the neonate was diagnosed as having pericardial effusion and correct diagnosis arrived at by CTs can. The second case was diagnosed by antenatal scan as diaphragmatic hernia and confirmed in postnatal period by chest X-Ray as left congenital diaphragmatic hernia but intra-operative finding was an anterior diaphragmatic hernia with intra pericardial herniation of the liver and part of the bowel into the pericardial sac. Both neonates were intubated after birth due to respiratory distress. A polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) patch was used for repair of the defect in first case and the second case was repaired without a patch. In both cases, apart from the defect, the rest of the diaphragm, on either side, was intact; sac was absent and a pericardial defect was present. Both neonates were discharged in good condition.