bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postmortem Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tumor Thrombotic Microangiopathy with Rapid Exacerbation in a Patient with Gastric Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Kamidani Ryo , Kumada Keisuke , Okada Hideshi , Yoshimura Genki , Kanayama Tomohiro , Tomita Hiroyuki , Miura Tomotaka , Oiwa Hideaki , Mizuno Yosuke , Kitagawa Yuichiro , Yasuda Ryu , Miyake Takahito , Doi Tomoaki , Yoshida Takahiro , Yoshida Shozo , Hara Akira , Ogura Shinji
Published: July 2021

Background: Pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy (PTTM) is a condition involving the development of pulmonary hypertension caused by the presence of microscopic tumor emboli of peripheral pulmonary arteries . Here, we report a case of rapidly exacerbating PTTM associated with gastric cancer, which was identified after the patient’s death through a pathological autopsy.Case presentation: Four days before a 52-year-old Asian woman, whose initial symptom was the occurrence of anterior chest pain while coughing, visited the emergency department of Gifu University Hospital, she had been diagnosed as having multiple osteolytic bone metastases throughout her body; for the detection of a primary lesion, she was scheduled to undergo combined positron emission tomography and computed tomography (CT) at a later date. However, she was unable to stand up, and consequently, she visited the emergency department. At the time of admission, the results of a physical examination revealed that while breathing room air, she had a percutaneous oxygen saturation level of 90% and cyanosis, and she was in a state of hemodynamic shock; laboratory-test data revealed the presence of elevated levels of fibrin degradation products and D-dimer in her blood. The results of chest CT were normal. She was admitted to the hospital’s general ward for follow-up; however, she was soon in a further state of shock and respiratory failure. Electrocardiography revealed findings associated with right heart strain; however, contrast-enhanced CT did not reveal the presence of pulmonary embolism. She was transported to an intensive care unit of the hospital and treated for pulmonary hypertension; however, 45 h after her arrival at the hospital, she died of respiratory failure. A pathological autopsy revealed the presence of gastric cancer, tumor microemboli, and fibrous intimal thickening of the peripheral arteries of both lungs; thus, a diagnosis of PTTM was made. Conclusion: In cases involving patients with carcinoma of unknown primary site and pulmonary hypertension, if CT scan rules out pulmonary embolism, emergency physicians and intensivists must consider the possibility of the patients having PTTM, which represents an oncologic emergency, and initiate the administration of chemotherapy as soon as possible.
Chemical Toxicity Prediction Based on Semi-supervised Learning and Graph Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Chen Jiarui , Si Yain-Whar , Un Chon-Wai , Siu Shirley W. I.
Published: July 2021

As safety is one of the most important properties of drugs, chemical toxicology prediction has received increasing attentions in the drug discovery research. Traditionally, researchers rely on in vitro and in vivo experiments to test the toxicity of chemical compounds. However, not only are these experiments time consuming and costly, but experiments that involve animal testing are increasingly subject to ethical concerns. While traditional machine learning (ML) methods have been used in the field with some success, the limited availability of annotated toxicity data is the major hurdle for further improving model performance. Inspired by the success of semi-supervised learning (SSL) algorithms, we propose a Graph Convolution Neural Network (GCN) to predict chemical toxicity and trained the network by the Mean Teacher (MT) SSL algorithm. Using the Tox21 data, our optimal SSL-GCN models for predicting the twelve toxicological endpoints achieve an average ROC-AUC score of 0.757 in the test set, which is a 6% improvement over GCN models trained by supervised learning and conventional ML methods. Our SSL-GCN models also exhibit superior performance when compared to models constructed using the built-in DeepChem ML methods. This study demonstrates that SSL can increase the prediction power of models by learning from unannotated data. The optimal unannotated to annotated data ratio ranges between 1:1 and 4:1. This study demonstrates the success of SSL in chemical toxicity prediction; the same technique is expected to be beneficial to other chemical property prediction tasks by utilizing existing large chemical databases.
Breastfeeding Knowledge, Attitude, Self-Efficacy, and Social Support Among Mother of Macrosomia in China
Authors: Xia Man , Liu Jinfeng , Huang Rong
Published: July 2021

Background: Breastfeeding knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and social support are affective of a mother’s confidence in breastfeeding which are influencing factors of breastfeeding ways. Knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and social support play important and positive role in promoting breastfeeding behavior in macrosomia.Methods: Collect breastfeeding knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and social support scale of 332 mothers of macrosomia, state the current breastfeeding condition macrosomia in China, investigate the influencing factors of breastfeeding way. Using t test for continuous variables and chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables.Results: The study collected Breastfeeding knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and social support scale of 332 mothers of macrosomia (148 from breastfeeding group and 184 from non-breastfeeding group). Compared with mothers in control groups, mothers in breastfeeding groups had significantly higher knowledge score, and most of the high-scoring items on the knowledge scale pertained to maternal breastfeeding benefits. Although the attitude had no significant difference between the two groups, most majority of participants (71.4% and 73.2%, respectively) perceived breastfeeding could increase the intimacy of mother and infant (95.41% and 94.75%, respectively). Breastfeeding ways were great influence by self-efficacy. Over half of participants (55.41% and 53.26%, respectively) stated that they “have more than 3 friends who can get support and help,” although up to 95% in both groups supported from family members.Conclusion: This study state that knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy and social support are influencing factor that to improve breastfeeding rates of macrosomia, which promote the breastfeeding outcomes.
Angiographic Features and Transarterial Embolization of Retained Placenta With Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding
Authors: Takaji Ryo , Kiyosue Hiro , Maruno Miyuki , Hongo Norio , Shimada Ryuichi , Ide Satomi , Tokuyama Kohei , Okamoto Mamiko , Kawano Yasushi , Asayama Yoshiki
Published: July 2021

Objectives: To clarify characteristic angiographic features and clinical efficacy of selective transarterial embolization (TAE) of retained placenta with abnormal vaginal bleeding.Methods: The study cohort comprised 22 patients (mean age, 33.5 years; range, 22–24 years) who underwent selective TAE for retained placenta with abnormal bleeding between January 2018 and December 2020 at our institution. Angiographic images were reviewed by two certified radiologists with consensus. Medical records were reviewed to evaluate the efficacy of TAE. Angiographic features of retained placenta, technical success (disappearance of abnormal findings on angiography), complications, clinical outcomes (hemostatic effects and recurrent bleeding) were evaluated. Results: Pelvic angiography showed a dilated vascular channel mimicking arteriovenous fistulas or an aneurysm contiguous with dilated uterine arteries in the mid-arterial–capillary phase (tentatively named “serpiginous blood sinus”) in 20 patients; it showed contrast brush in the remaining two patients. TAE technical success was achieved in all patients. No major complications were observed in any patients. Fifteen patients were followed up with expectant management after TAE; all but one patient showed no re-bleeding during the follow-up period (mean follow-up interval, 3.4 months; range, 1–17 months). One patient showed minor rebleeding, which resolved spontaneously. Seven patients underwent scheduled hysteroscopic resection within 1 week after TAE, and no excessive bleeding was observed during or after the surgical procedure in all seven patients.Conclusions: The characteristic angiographic feature of retained placenta is “serpiginous blood sinus.” TAE is a safe and effective treatment to manage retained placenta with abnormal bleeding.
Evaluation of the Distribution of Shrimp Species Found in Southern Benin Through the Lake Nokoué-ocean Complex
Authors: Sintondji Sèlomè Wilfried , Gozingan Amoussou Sylvain , Sohou Zacharie , Taymans Matthieu , Baetens Katrijn , Lacroix Geneviève , Fiogbé Emile Didier
Published: July 2021

BackgroundThe export of shrimp to the European Union was one of the mainstays of the Beninese economy. It is an income-generating activity for the populations living along lake Nokoué. The lack of a fisheries management strategy has caused a drastic decline in shrimp production in lake Nokoué since 2003. To remedy this problem, it is necessary to hypothesize on their spatio-temporal dynamics in the lake Nokoué-Cotonou channel complex. This is investigated by combining a literature review on their life cycles and habitat suitability with spatio-temporal evolution of salinity obtained from in-situ observations.ResultsThe literature review recognizes the presence in southern Benin of species of the genus Macrobrachium, Atya and Desmocaris (seven, two and one respectively) and five species of marine shrimps belonging to three genera: the genus Penaeus, the genus Holthuispenaeopsis and the genus Parapenaeus. From information on the ecology and physical environment it is shown that adults of the species of the genus Macrobrachium and genus Atya have a favorable environment in lake Nokoué from August to November, their larvae must remain in the lake from December to June to ensure their survival. The species of the genus Desmocaris, which carry out their entire life cycle in fresh water, can stay in lake Nokoué from August to November. The species of the genus Penaeus can find a favorable environment in lake Nokoué from December to June but their larvae can only survive in the sea. Finally, the species of the genus Holthuispenaeopsis and Parapenaeus spend their entire life cycle at sea.ConclusionsThis work allows understanding contrasted life cycles of shrimp’s genera Macrobrachium and Atya compared to Penaeus in a complex ecosystem characterized by strong saline variation. This research allows to predict the presence or absence of shrimp’s genera Macrobrachium, Atya, Desmocaris and Penaeus in a lake system, on the basis of salinity distribution, for a sustainable management of their exploitation.
The distribution and direct impacts of marine debris on the commercial shrimping industry
Authors: Rodolfich Alyssa , Sparks Eric , Posadas Benedict , Rodgers John , Skarke Adam , Bradley Ryan , Wessel Caitlin
Published: July 2021

Commercial shrimpers frequently encounter marine debris in their nets, resulting in the loss of time and catch, and added repair costs. Prior to this study, no information existed on the spatial and temporal distribution of marine debris that shrimpers encounter and the subsequent economic impact on commercial shrimping. To characterize the quantity and impacts of marine debris, twenty commercial shrimpers participated in a comprehensive data collection program within the north central Gulf of Mexico, USA. Results showed that derelict crab traps were an overwhelming issue for shrimpers, and the type of fishing gear used (skimmer vs. otter trawls) influenced both the type of marine debris encountered and the subsequent economic impacts. Surveyed shrimpers encountered marine debris on 19% of tows and lost an average of 18.21 minutes, 7.88 kg of catch, and $6.37 (USD) in gear damage per tow with encounters, resulting in losses of $7,683 (USD) per year, per shrimper.
‘Such a massive part of rehab is between the ears’; barriers to and facilitators of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rehabilitation: a qualitative focus group analysis
Authors: Walker Adam , Hing Wayne , Gough Suzanne , Lorimer Anna
Published: July 2021

Background

Current evidence demonstrates that few patients complete anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rehabilitation according to evidence-based guidelines. It is important to investigate the viewpoints of our patients to identify patient-reported barriers and facilitators of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rehabilitation. Qualitative analysis can provide insight into potential methods for improving the delivery of rehabilitation services.
Methods

In this qualitative study, utilising a social constructionism orientation, viewed through the social phenomenological lens, three focus groups were conducted with individuals 1–20 years post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (n = 20, 9 males, 11 females, mean 6.5 years post-surgery, 21–51 years old). Focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and coded using an inductive semantic thematic analysis methodology. Participants were asked about their experiences during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rehabilitation.
Results

Five organising themes were identified (consisting of 19 sub-themes) to provide a framework to present the data: psychological, physiological, rehabilitation service, rehabilitation characteristics, and interaction with others. Each theme details aspects of rehabilitation, such as exercise delivery, informational support, frequency, and duration of care, kinesiophobia, weight gain and interactions with teams and coaches, which present barriers for patients to adhere to and participate in rehabilitation. Example quotes are provided for each theme to provide context and the patient’s voice.
Conclusions

This qualitative investigation identified key aspects of a patient's rehabilitation in which they encounter a variety of barriers and facilitators of ACL reconstruction rehabilitation. This cohort consistently identified these aspects as areas that affected their rehabilitation. The themes may provide targets for clinicians to improve rehabilitation and deliver patient-centred care. However, the themes must evaluate in future trials to assess whether interventions to remove barriers or enhance facilitators improves subsequent outcomes such as return to sport and re-injury rates.
Nanometer-scale photon confinement inside dielectrics
Authors: Albrechtsen Marcus , Lahijani Babak Vosoughi , Christiansen Rasmus , Nguyen Vy , Casses Laura , Hansen Søren , Stenger Nicolas , Sigmund Ole , Jansen Henri , Moerk Jesper , Stobbe Søren
Published: July 2021

Optical nanocavities confine and store light, which is essential to increase the interaction between photons and electrons in semiconductor devices, enabling, e.g., lasers and emerging quantum technologies. While temporal confinement has improved by orders of magnitude over the past decades, spatial confinement inside dielectrics was until recently believed to be bounded at the diffraction limit. The conception of dielectric bowtie cavities (DBCs) shows a path to photon confinement inside semiconductors with mode volumes bound only by the constraints of materials and nanofabrication, but theory was so far misguided by inconsistent definitions of the mode volume and experimental progress has been impeded by steep nanofabrication requirements. Here we demonstrate nanometer-scale photon confinement inside 8 nm silicon DBCs with an aspect ratio of 30, inversely designed by fabrication-constrained topology optimization. Our cavities are defined within a compact device footprint of 4 lambda^2 and exhibit mode volumes down to V = 3E-4 lambda^3 with wavelengths in the lambda = 1550 nm telecom band. This corresponds to field localization deep below the diffraction limit in a single hotspot inside the dielectric. A crucial insight underpinning our work is the identification of the critical role of lightning-rod effects at the surface. They invalidate the common definition of the mode volume, which is prone to gauge meretricious surface effects or numerical artefacts rather than robust confinement inside the dielectric. We use near-field optical measurements to corroborate the photon confinement to a single nanometer-scale hotspot. Our work enables new CMOS-compatible device concepts ranging from few- and single-photon nonlinearities over electronics-photonics integration to biosensing.
dPRLR Cause the Differences in Immune Responses Between Early and Late Feathered Chickens After ALV-J Infection
Authors: Mo Guodong , Hu Bowen , Zhang Qihong , Ruan Zhuohao , Li Wangyu , Liang Jiaying , Shen Yizi , Mo Zhixin , Zhang Zihao , Wu Zhuyue , Shi Meiqing , Zhang Xiquan
Published: July 2021

Background: The late feathering (LF) chickens are more susceptible to avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) infection than are early feathering (EF) chickens. To understand the differences in immune responses between EF and LF chickens after infection with ALV-J, we monitored the levels of prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH), and immunoglobulin IgG and IgM in serum in LF and EF chickens for 8 weeks. Six birds with positive or negative ALV-J infection from EF or LF, respectively. Moreover, we analyzed the expression of immune-related genes in the spleen and the expression of prolactin receptor (PRLR), sperm flagellar 2 (SPEF2), and parts of PRLR (dPRLR) in the spleen, thymus, bone marrow, cecal tonsils, and DF-1 cells by qRT-PCR. Results: The results showed that ALV-J infection affected the expression of prolactin, growth hormone, IgG and IgM in serum. No matter LF and EF chickens were infected with ALV-J or not, the levels of the two hormones and the two immunoglobulins in the serum of EF chickens were higher than those of LF chickens (P < 0.05). However, the expression of immune-related genes in the spleen of LF positive chickens was higher than that of EF positive chickens. In the four immune organs, the PRLR and SPEF2 expression of LF chickens was also higher than that of EF chickens. Furthermore, the dPRLR expression of LF positive chickens was higher than that of LF negative chickens. After being infected with ALV-J, the expression of PRLR in DF-1 cells was significantly increased. Besides, overexpression of PRLR or dPRLR in DF-1 cells promoted the replication of the ALV-J virus.Conclusion: Overall, the levels of PRL, GH, IgG and IgM in the serum along with the expression of some immune-related genes in the spleen were all different in LF and EF chickens after being infected with ALV-J. These findings revealed that the susceptibility of LF chickens to ALV-J might be induced by dPRLR.
Direct Effect of Lipopolysaccharide and Histamine on Permeability Barrier of Rumen Epithelium
Authors: Gao Shengtao , Zhula Alateng , Liu Wenhui , Lu Zhongyan , Shen Zanming , Penner Gregory B , Ma Lu , Bu Dengpan
Published: July 2021

Background: Disruption of the ruminal epithelium barrier occurs during subacute ruminal acidosis due to low pH, hyper-osmolality, and increased concentrations of lipopolysaccharide and histamine in ruminal fluid. However, the individual roles of lipopolysaccharide and histamine in the process of ruminal epithelium barriers disruption are not clear. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the direct effect of lipopolysaccharide and histamine on barrier function of the ruminal epithelium. Results: Compared with control (CON), lipopolysaccharide (HIS) increased the short-circuit current (Isc) (88.2%, P = 0.0022), transepithelial conductance (Gt) (29.7%, P = 0.0564) and the permeability of fluorescein 5(6)-isothiocyanate (FITC) (1.04-fold, P = 0.0047) of ruminal epithelium. The apparent permeability of LPS was 1.81-fold higher than HIS (P = 0.0005). The mRNA abundance of OCLN in ruminal epithelium was decreased by HIS (1.1-fold, P = 0.0473). Conclusions: The results of the present study suggested that histamine plays a direct role in the disruption of ruminal epithelium barrier function while lipopolysaccharide without acidic pH has no significant effect on the permeability of rumen tissues.
Retrograde Surgical Cut-down Direct Thrombectomy as a Salvage Procedure for Acute Limb Ischemia With Below the Knee Thrombotic Occlusion: a Case Series
Authors: Li Ying-Sheng , Li Ying-Ching
Published: July 2021

Background: Acute limb ischemia is a serious condition even in an era of highly comprehensive medical treatment. Despite the development of conservative and endovascular treatment, complete removal of the thrombus with antegrade thrombectomy via the femoral approach, especially in below-the-knee arteries, is still not possible. In addition, distal embolization of dislodged debris or thrombus during the procedure is another concern as this might cause severe complications, including amputation. Given the above-mentioned issues, retrograde surgical cut-down direct thrombectomy from the dorsalis pedis artery and posterior tibial artery could be an optimal option for complete revascularization in below-the-knee arteries. Case presentation: We present five cases where the limbs were preserved after retrograde surgical thrombectomy. The standard antegrade thrombectomy procedure with a conventional surgical approach from the common femoral artery was performed. All five patients underwent an intraoperative assessment of indications for dorsalis pedis artery and posterior tibial artery retrograde thrombectomy by the surgical cut-down method. After retrograde thrombectomy, direct evaluation of blood flow was the strongest evidence of revascularization. A retrograde angiogram showed revascularization of below-the-knee arteries. All five patients had successful salvage procedures that prevented major limb amputation. Conclusion: Retrograde surgical thrombectomy could be a salvage procedure for incomplete antegrade thrombectomy.
Assessing the Microbial Quality of Commercial Aquaculture Probiotics by Next Generation Sequencing Revealed Faecal Bacteria and Bacteria of Public Health Significance
Authors: Joseph Toms , K.S Bibindas , T.R Lakshmi , Eltholth Mahmoud , Murray Francis
Published: July 2021

There is an increasing trend in the application of probiotics in aquaculture as an environment friendly alternative to antibiotics for the control and treatment of diseases. The microbiome of commercial aquaculture probiotics were evaluated using NGS to understand the microbial species composition vis-à-vis the label on the probiotic product. Bacteria belonging to 12 bacterial species stated on the labels of five probiotics were absent. The sequence reads of the microorganisms declared on the label ranged from 0.28-79 % for the probiotics tested while the rest were contaminants. The number of contaminant bacteria varied from 2 to 15 for the tested products. All products were found to have at least one bacterial species that were potentially pathogenic or of fecal origin. To our knowledge this is the first study that utilized the potential of NGS to assess the microbial quality of commercial aquaculture probiotics providing novel insights in understanding the microbial composition of probiotic products which are otherwise difficult to identify. It is proposed that probiotic products shall be approved for use in aquaculture after determining the performance efficiency by in vivo trails in farms, analysis of bacterial composition and concentration which shall be displayed on product labels.
Everolimus-Induced Loss of Exosomal miR-7-5p Activates MNK/eIF4E Axis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Liu Sile , Wang Weiyuan , Ning Yue , Zheng Hongmei , Zhan Yuting , Wang Haihua , Yang Yang , Luo Jiadi , Wen Qiuyuan , Zang Hongjing , Peng Jinwu , Ma Jian , Fan Songqing
Published: July 2021

Background: Everolimus is a kind of mTOR inhibitors. Activated mitogen-activated protein kinase interacting kinases/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (MNK/eIF4E) axis plays a crucial role in resistance to Everolimus in non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC). Typically, eIF4E phosphorylation increased by mTOR inhibitors was mainly mediated by MNKs. But the mechanisms are poorly understood. Recently, extensive reprogramming of miRNA profiles has also been found after long-term mTOR inhibitor exposing. Our previous studies have found that tumor suppressor miR-7-5p was loss in A549 cells after treatment of Everolimus. Exactly, MNK1 is the target of miR-7-5p. Here, we analyzed levels and functions of miR-7-5p in the usage of Everolimus in NSCLC.Methods: miR-7-5p level and expression of main markers of MNK/eIF4E axis was evaluated by qRT-PCR, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry on human NPC samples, and by RT-PCR, western blot on NPC cell lines. Proliferation, migration and invasion of NPC cells in culture were assessed by Colony formation, CCK-8, Wound healing and Transwell assays. NPC cell tumorigenicity was assessed by xenotransplants in nude mice. Targeted binding of miR-7-5p to MNK1 was confirmed by the Dual-luciferase reporter assay. And the isolation and identification of exosomes were invested by Invitrogen™ Total Exosome RNA Isolation Kit, western blot, transmission electron microscopy and Zetasizer Nano ZS90 instrument.Results: Everolimus stimulatedtherelease of miR-7-5p loaded exosomes from NSCLC cellsinRab27A and Rab27B dependent manners, thereby reducing the intracellular tumor suppressor miR-7-5p to attenuate the inhibition of MNK1 and promote MNK-dependent eIF4E phosphorylation. Of note, both lower miR-7-5p and positive MNK1 could act as independent poor prognostic biomarkers for NSCLC. And delivery of miR-7-5p would inhibit the poor prognosis of it. Bothendogenous miR-7-5p-5p or exo-miR-7-5p collaborated with Everolimus, not only inhibited the proliferation, migration, and metastasisof NSCLC in vitro and in vivo, but also promoted the apoptosis of NSCLC viatargeting MNK/eIF4E axis.Conclusion: Everolimus-induced loss of exosomal miR-7-5p activates MNK/eIF4E axis to blunt effectiveness of itself in NSCLC. Therefore, delivery of miR-7-5p could act as a combined therapeutic strategy for mTOR-targeted cancer therapy and prognosis.
Individualized Medication Review in Older People: Differences Due To Place of Residence Being Their Own Home or A Nursing Home
Authors: Molist-Brunet Núria , Sevilla-Sánchez Daniel , Puigoriol-Juvanteny Emma , Bajo-Peña Lorena , Cantizano-Baldo Imma , Cabanas-Collell Laia , Espaulella-Panicot Joan
Published: July 2021

Background: Ageing is associated with complex and dynamic changes leading to multimorbidity and, therefore, polypharmacy. A periodic medication review in frail older people lead to optimize medication use. The aims of the study were to identify inappropriate prescription and to assess the results of a medication review in older people, according to their place of residence. Methods: This was a study with paired pre- and post-medication review data based on person-centered prescription, with a follow-up assessment at three months. We recruited patients who lived in the community, either in their own home or in a nursing home. We select patients of 65 years or more with multimorbidity whom his General Practitioner identified difficulties with the prescription management and the need of a medication review. Finally, a medication review was carried out through the application of the Patient-Centered Prescription model. Data collected were: age, sex, place of residence, morbidities, functional and cognitive status, frailty index, number of medications, therapeutical complexity, anticholinergic and/or sedative burden and monthly medication expenditure. The Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test were used to evaluate the relationship between qualitative variables and the patients’ place of residence. Student’s t-test was used to analyze the relationship between quantitative variables and the patients’ place of residence.Results: 428 patients. 90% of people presented at least one inappropriate prescription in both settings. In nursing homes, a higher number of implemented optimization proposals was detected (81.6% versus 65.7% (p<0.001)). Post-medication review, nursing-home patients had a greater decrease in their mean number of medications, polypharmacy prevalence, therapeutic complexity and in monthly medication expenditure (p<0.001). Conclusions: Patient-Centered Prescription model detected a high number of inappropriate prescriptions in both settings. However, once medication was reviewed and optimization proposals implemented, nursing-home patients presented
M6A associated TSUC7 inhibition contributed to Erlotinib Resistance in Lung Adenocarcinoma through a Notch Signaling Activation Dependent Way
Authors: Li Kai , Peng Zi-Yang , Gao Shan , Wang Qing-Shi , Wang Rui , Li Xiang , Xiao Guo-Dong , Zhang Jing , Ren Hong , Tang Shou-Ching , Sun Xin
Published: July 2021

BackgroundThe small tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) subversively altered the lung cancer treatments, but patients will inevitably face the therapy resistance and disease recurrence. We aim to explore the potential roles of non-coding RNAs in sensitizing the TKIs effects. MethodsMultiple cellular and molecular detections were applied to confirm the mechanistic regulations and intracellular connections. ResultsWe explored the specific gene features of candidates in association with resistance, and found the miR-146a/Notch signaling was sustained highly activated in a m6A dependent manner, and the m6A regulator of YTHDF2 suppressed TUSC7, and then contributed to the resistant features. Functionally, m6A controlled the stemness of EMT features through METTL3 and YTHDF2, and resulted in resistance in PC9ER and HCC827ER cells. The sponging regulation of TUSC7 toward to miR-146a inhibited Notch signaling functions, and affected the cancer progression and stem cells’ renewal in PC9ER and HCC827ER cells. The Notch signaling functions manipulated the cMYC and DICER inner cytoplasm, and the absence of either cMYC or DICER1 lead to TUSC7 and miR-146a decreasing respectively, formed the closed circle to maintain the balance. ConclusionPC9ER and HCC827ER cells harbored much more stem-like cells, and the resistance could be reversed by Notch signaling inactivation. The intrinsic miR-146 and TUSC7 levels are monitored by m6A effectors, miR-146 and TUSC7 themselves formed the circling loop to sustain the homeostasis. Further in clinics, the combined using of TKIs and Notch specific inhibitory non-coding RNAs will pave the way for yielding the susceptibility to targeted therapy in lung cancer.
Nomograms for predicting the overall survival of patients with cerebellar glioma: An analysis of the SEER (Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results) database
Authors: Li Jie , Huang Wobin , Chen Jiajing , Li Zhuhui , Liu Bocong , Wang Peng , Zhang Jun
Published: July 2021

Purpose: At present, our understanding of cerebellar glioma is still not enough. This study collected information on patients in the seer database to determine the predictive factors patients with cerebellar glioma. Patients and Methods: The data of patients with cerebellar glioma diagnosed from 1975 to 2018 were retrieved from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Database. We randomly divide the data into a training group and a validation group, establish a nomogram based on the training group, and use the validation group data to verify the clinical value of the model. Results: A total of 508 patients were included in this study. Multivariate analysis was performed based on the data before randomization, and the results showed that the patient's age, the tumor's WHO grade, histological type, and extension are significantly correlated with the survival rate. The c index of OS nomograms of the training cohort was 0.909 (95% CI,(0.880-0.938）) and 0.932(95% CI, (0.889-0.975)) in validation group. The calibration curve of OS for 3 and 5 years show that there was a good consistency between the actual survival probability and the predicted survival probability.Conclusion: For patients with cerebellar glioma, the age of the patient at the time of diagnosis, WHO grade of the glioma, histological type, and extension are the four most prominent factors that affect the overall survival outcomes. Furthermore, our model may be a useful tool for predicting OS in these patients.
Prenatal Exposure to Silver is Associated with an Elevated Risk for Neural Tube Defects: A Case Control Study
Authors: Pi Xin , Wang Chengrong , Wang Di , Yin Shengju , Jin Lei , Li Zhiwen , Wang Linlin , Yue Wentao , Ren Aiguo , Yin Chenghong
Published: July 2021

Background: Exposure to copper, silver, and titanium has been reported to be associated with a variety of adverse effects on humans. However, few studies have focused on the fetus, which is vulnerable to environmental insults. We investigated the associations between prenatal exposure to the three metals and risk for fetal neural tube defects (NTDs).Methods: Placental samples from 408 women with pregnancies affected by NTDs and 593 women with normal pregnancies were collected from 2003 to 2016 in an NTD high-risk area in northern China. Placental metal concentrations were quantified and used as prenatal exposure markers. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between metal concentrations and risk for NTDs. Single and joint effects of the metals on NTDs were evaluated with Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), which can account for correlation, nonlinearity, and interaction between metals.Results: NTDs had higher concentrations of copper (4.16 μg/g) and silver (0.96 ng/g) than controls (copper: 3.91 μg/g; silver: 0.96 ng/g). Silver was associated with an increased risk for NTDs in a dose-response fashion in single-metal logistic regression, with adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of 1.78 (1.04–3.06) and 1.92 (1.11–3.32) in the second and third tertiles, respectively, compared to the lowest tertile. BKMR revealed toxic effects of silver on NTDs when the concentrations of copper and titanium were fixed at their 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles, and the association appeared to be linear. No interaction of silver with any of the other two metals was observed. Besides, silver concentration was positively correlated with maternal certain dietary intakes, such as meat or fish, during the periconceptional period.Conclusions: High silver concentrations in placental tissue are associated with an elevated risk for NTDs in offspring. Maternal diet may be a source of silver exposure.
Case series of pectoral hematoma associated with enoxaparin use in elderly patients
Authors: Islamoglu Mehmet Sami , Cengiz Mahir , Uysal Betul Borku , Koc Suna , Unal Omer Faruk , Yavuzer Serap
Published: July 2021

BackgroundVenous thromboembolism is among the common and preventable cardiovascular syndromes. The risk of thromboembolism is increased in elderly and patients with renal failure, and the risk of bleeding due to the use of anticoagulants also increases. Pectoral hematoma due to enoxaparin are presented rarely unlike other bleeding localisation. In this article, 3 cases of pectoral hematoma due to enoxaparin are presented in the light of the literature, especially in this period when the use of anticoagulants is increasing.Case presentationTwo of the 3 cases over the age of 65 were in the intensive care unit, and the other patient received low molecular weight heparin therapy during outpatient follow-up. In these cases enoxaparin use for profilactic and treatment dosages. After anticoagulant using pectoral hematoma was diagnosed by ultrasonography and computed tomography of the thorax in patients. One patient was died from sepsis but in two of other with the discontinuation of the treatment, the size of the hematoma decreased and the treatment change was sufficient.ConclusionLow molecular weight heparins are used in the treatment and prevention of thromboembolism. In elderly and patients with renal failure, care should be taken in terms of pectoral bleeding and other bleeding.
Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Analysis of Shanhaidan granules in treatment of coronary heart disease angina pectoris
Authors: Wei Wenyang , Zheng Mengkai , Yang Yunfeng , Wang Jing , Lu Wanpeng
Published: July 2021

Objective

To study the pharmacological mechanism of Shanhaidan granules for treatment of coronary heart disease angina pectoris(CHD-AP).
Methods

The active ingredients and their target genes of Shanhaidan granules were collected from TCMSP and TCMID. CHD-AP-related target genes were collected from GeneCards, OMIM and DurgBank database. The target PPI network was constructed by STRING. PPI network was used for topological analysis and core target screening. The hub target proteins and top core ingredients of Shanhaidan Granule on CHD-AP was analysed for the binding validation experiment by Molecular Docking.
Results

198 active components and 320 potential targets were obtained from Shanhaidan granule, 1208 related targets and 158 joints of CHD-AP were screened. PPI network analysis showed that AKT1, IL-6, VEGF, TNF, MAPK, Caspase-3, MMP, and EGFR were the core and key teagets in treatment of CHD-AP with Shanhaidan granule. KEGG-GO analysis indicated that Shanhaidan granules treated CHD-AP by regulating the TNF signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway and apoptosis-related signalling pathway. The results of the molecular docking showed that the core compounds and target proteins had strong binding activity.
Conclusion

The results predicted and verified mechanism of Shanhaidan granule gainst CHD-AP from a holistic perspective, which provided theoretical support for rational clinical application of CHD-AP.
Identification of Prognostic Biomarkers Among DAAM1, FHOD1,FMN2 and INF2 in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Dai Yin-Hai , Li Fuping , Kong Wei-Jie , Zhang Xue-Qin , Wang Mao , Ma Hai-Long , Wang Qi
Published: July 2021

Background:The formin family proteins are main regulators of actin filaments, which play a crucial role in the migration of cells and carcinogenesis.The specific functions of the formin family proteins in breast cancer still remain unknown.To dissolve this problem,we selected four formin proteins including DAAM1,FHOD1, FMN2 and INF2 and investigated their mRNA expression and survival data in BC(breast carcinoma) patients using diverse databases.Methods:we used these databases including Oncomine, Ualcan, GEPIA 2,HumanProtein Atlas,Metascape,Kaplan-Meier plotter,cBioPortal and TIMER and the software of Cytoscape in our study.Results:DAAM1 and FMN2 were lowly expressed in BC tissues,while FHOD1 and INF2 were highly expressed in BC tissues.The expression levels of DAAM1, FMN2 and FHOD1 were relevant to major subclasses,and the mRNA level of FHOD1 was related to cancer staging.Moreover,High mRNA levels of FHOD1 and INF2 were relevant to poorer prognosis of BC patients,while low mRNA level of DAAM1 was correlated with better prognosis.we also found that there were significant associations between the expressions of DAAM1,FHOD1,FMN2 and INF2 and six types of infiltrated immune cells(B Cells,CD4+T cells,CD8+T cells, neutrophil,macrophage,and dendritic cell).Conclusions:our study indicated that FHOD1 and INF2 were potential biomarkers to identify short survival of BC patients,FMN2 was potential prognostic marker to suggest favorable survival of BC patients.
S1P/HDAC1 Signaling Regulates Macrophage Polarization in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Chen Yanwei , Ai Wen , Xie Peiyi , Ling Li , Gao Yulan , Wang Lei , Fang Hongcheng
Published: July 2021

Throughout the world, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the cause of substantial morbidity and mortality and represents a large public health burden. Previous studies reported that inflammation is intimately involved in COPD, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. As macrophage polarization was demonstrated to regulate inflammation, we hypothesized that COPD alters macrophage polarization. To test this, we investigated in individuals with COPD the relationship between S1PR1 and HADC1 expression and macrophage inflammation via flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, gene knockdown/overexpression, and western blot analysis. We found that macrophages from COPD subjects were polarized towards an M1 phenotype with increased S1PR1 and decreased HADC1experssion. S1PR1 also inhibited HADC1 expression. Thus, S1PR1/HDAC1 signaling regulates macrophage polarization. The results from this study provide insights into the pathogenesis of COPD and suggest possible therapeutic opportunities.
In Vivo Anti-Anemic Effect of an Aqueous Root Extract of Phyllanthus Muellerianus (Kuntze) Exell in Model Rats.
Authors: Nyirenda James , Lwanga Gershom B. , Muzandu Kaampwe M. , Chuba David K. , Sijumbila Gibson M.
Published: July 2021

Ethnopharmacological relevanceAnemia is a very serious condition in Zambia. One of the plants that has been used traditionally is Phyllanthus muellerianus where different parts of shrub are used to treat a number of diseases in Zambian folklore medicine. Earlier studies have investigated medicinal properties of its aqueous root extracts. This study evaluated the effect of P. muellerianus roots on the hematological indices of albino rats and determined its phytochemical profile. Aim of the studyTo carry out phytochemical screening of the root extract and assess the ant-anemic effect of the aqueous extract on laboratory rats with tail-bled induced anemia Materials and MethodsThirty-six male albino rats placed in six groups were used for the study. The groups comprised the 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg plant extract, Ranferon (200 mg/kg) positive control, anemic non treated control and a normal (non-anemic) control. Anemia, induced through bleeding of the rats, was defined as hemoglobin (Hb) levels less than 12 g/dL. The anti-anemic potential of the plant was determined by comparing its effect on the hematological parameters of rats on treatment to that of the control group.ResultsAfter treatment, rats on the 400 mg/kg plant extract dose showed the greatest increase in the mean values for Hb, Packed cell volume (PCV) and RBC count were 43.3±1.2%, 15.4±0.3 g/dL and 6.3±0.3 x106 /mL respectively, when compared to the negative control group (P < 0.05). Phytochemical screening revealed positive results for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, steroids, triterpenoids and tannins with varying amounts.Conclusions. The aqueous root extract of P. muellerianus was efficacious against anemia in a dose-dependent manner. The phytochemical compositions seem to be responsible for its hematopoietic properties. Thus, the root decoction of P. muellerianus is useful in alleviating anemia and the results lend credence to its use in traditional medicine in the management of anemia.
Acceptability of HIV Oral Self-test Among Truck Drivers and Youths: A Qualitative Investigation From Pune, Maharashtra
Authors: Rao Amrita , Patil Sandip , Kulkarni Pranali Pramod , Devi Aheibam Sharmila , Borade Suryakant Shahu , Ujagare Dhammasagar D , Adhikary Rajatashuvra , Panda Samiran
Published: July 2021

INTRODUCTIONEnding AIDS by 2030 is a global target, to which India is a signatory. HIV self-test (HIVST) coupled with counselling and AIDS-care, including antiretroviral therapy, has the potential to achieve this. However, countries are at varying stages of acceptance of HIVST as discussions around introducing it in national program sparks controversy and debates. HIV self-test, as yet, is not part of the AIDS control program in India. Against this backdrop, we explored acceptability of an HIV oral self-test (HIVOST) among truckers and young men and women.METHODSA qualitative investigation with 41 in-depth-interviews and 15 group discussions was conducted among study participants in the district of Pune, in the western state of Maharashtra, India. These interactions were built around a prototype HIVOST kit, which was placed before the study participants to help taking the discussions forward. The software N-vivo (version 11.0) was used to manage the volumes of data generated through the aforementioned process. The study period spanned from June through December, 2019.RESULTSWhile the truckers belonged to the age bracket 21-67 year, the youths were in the age group 18-24 year. ‘Ease of doing HIVOST' and ‘fear of needle pricks’ were the reasons for expressing acceptance around HIVOST by both the study groups. Truckers felt that HIVOST would encourage one to know one’s HIV status and seek help as appropriate. Accuracy of HIVOST result and disposal of the kits following use were concerns of a few. Most of the participants preferred saliva over blood as the specimen of choice. Instructions in local language reportedly would enable test-use by self. The truck drivers preferred undertaking HIVOST at the truckers-friendly 'Khushi clinics’ or in the vehicle, while youths preferred the privacy of home. Some of the young men mis-perceived the utility of HIVOST by referring to doing a test on a partner immediately prior to sexual encounter. Some of the truckers had myths and misconceptions about routes of HIV transmission and treatment. CONCLUSIONSOverall, the study communities expressed their acceptance towards HIVST approach. The National AIDS Control Program, India could draw upon the findings of the current study.
UFL1 Relieves Cisplatin-Induced Premature Ovarian Failure by Reducing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Granulosa Cells
Authors: Tang Xiangting , Dong Hao , Fang Zhi , Li Jingyi , Yang Qi , Yao Ting , pan zezheng
Published: July 2021

BackgroundUbiquitin-like modifier 1 ligating enzyme 1 (UFL1), the ligase of the Ufmylation system, has recently been reported to be involved in apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) in a variety of diseases. Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a gynecological disease that severely reduces the fertility of women, especially in female cancer patients receiving chemotherapy drugs. Whether UFL1 is involved in the protection from chemotherapy-induced POF and its mechanism remains unclear. MethodsIn this study, we examined the function of UFL1 in ovarian dysfunction and granular cells (GCs) apoptosis induced by cisplatin through histological examination and cell viability analysis. We used western blot, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and immunofluorescence (IF) to detect the expression of UFL1 and the level of ER stress specific makers. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays were used to detect the level of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Estrogen (E2) in ovaries and GCs. In addition, we knocked down or overexpressed UFL1 in ovaries or GCs through infected with lentiviral particle suspensions, respectively. ResultsOur data showed that the expression of UFL1 was reduced in POF model ovaries and was accompanied by the occurrence of ER stress. In vitro, cisplatin induced a stressful increase of UFL1 expression in GCs, and enhanced ER stress, which was aggravated by UFL1 knockdown and alleviated by UFL1 overexpression. Furthermore, the data showed that UFL1 knockdown resulted in a decrease of ovarian follicles number, an increase of atretic follicles, and a decreased expression of AMH and FSHR. Conversely, overexpression of UFL1 reduced the damage of cisplatin to the ovary in vitro. ConclusionsOur research proved that UFL1 regulates cisplatin-induced ER stress and apoptosis of GCs, and participates in the protection from cisplatin-induced POF, providing a potential therapeutic target for clinical prevention of chemotherapeutic drug-induced POF.