bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of organic fertilizers and tillage on yield and its components of three varieties of Corchorus olitorius L. produced in South Benin
Authors: Manhognon Faton Oscar Euloge , Gbo Zaki Bonou , Azonwakin Rodrigue Akotegnon , Hambada Koffi David Montcho , Chakour-Ola Tounde Ogoubiyi , Djedatin Gustave , Atindehou Cynthia , Fanou Lucie , Gandonou Gbossegnon Bernard Christophe , Gnancadja-Andre Simplice Léopold , Aléodjrodo Edorh Patrick
Published: January 2025

This study aims to evaluate the influence of organic fertilizer and tillage on the agro-morphological characteristics of three varieties of jute. A split plot design with three factors was installed in 02 repetitions. The main factor consists of the type of soil with 02 levels one of which is frequently plowed and the second of which has not been exploited during the last 5 years. The secondary factor is the dose of organic fertilizer with 08 levels including 0.5 kg/m2, 0.75 kg/m2, and 1 kg/m2 of poultry dung; 2 kg/m2, 2.5 kg/m2, 3 kg/m2 of cow dung; and one control without fertilizer, and the third factor is variety with 3 variants. The data collected during the trial were entered and processed in the Excel 2016 spreadsheet and subjected to various analyses including descriptive statistics, and analysis of variance with the Statitica software. The principal component analysis was performed with R 4.2.1 software and identified characters that are controlled by the treatments applied. The performance of the different varieties was assessed in the different study environments. The results show that soil amendment with varying doses of poultry dung associated with tillage improves the agro-morphological parameters of the plant. This association shows better improvement in seedling height, leaves, and biomass compared to the use of cow dung. Thus, organic fertilizer efficiently contributes to soil fertility improvement. The difference inthe  contribution of these organic fertilizers to the improvement of soil status and crop yields could be due to the difference in organic matter and nutrients contained.
VARLIK DERGİSİNDE YIL DÖNÜMÜ DOSYALARI (2010-2011)
Authors: Nacak Hayati , Koçak Aynur
Published: January 2025

Dergiler toplumun nabzını tutan süreli yayınlardır. Sahiplendikleri misyonla bir okula benzetilirler. Türkiye’de 1933 tarihinden beri yayın hayatına devam eden Varlık dergisi de Türk kültürü, edebiyatı ve tarihi açısından önemli bir değere sahiptir. Varlık dergisi, Cumhuriyet’ten aldığı kuvvetle kurucusu Yaşar Nabi Nayır ve sonrasında kızı Filiz Nayır sorumluluğunda günümüze değin var olmayı başarmıştır. Zamanla içeriği ve biçimi değişen dergi “sanat ve fikir mecmuası”, “milliyetçi ve memleketçi fikir mecmuası”, “sanat ve fikir dergisi”, “edebiyat ve sanat dergisi”, “edebiyat ve kültür dergisi” kimlikleriyle öne çıkmış ve bunlara yönelik konular işlemiştir. Derginin önem arz eden bir yönü de yıl dönümlerini merkez alan sayılarıdır. Yıl dönümlerinde önemli olaylar, seçkin insanlar veya tarihî yapılar öne çıkar. Süreli yayınlardan edebiyat dergileri de yıl dönümü sayıları hazırlayarak böylesi özel günlere yönelik çalışmaları kendi çok yönlü sınırlarında değerlendirebilir. Bu çalışmada yıl dönümü dosyalarına dikkat çekmek amacıyla Varlık dergisinde yıl dönümü üzerine hazırlanan dosyalar ve ilgili yazılar ele alındı. 2010-2011 yıllarındaki 60 Yıl Sonra Halkevleri (S.1231), Nâzım Hikmet “Ne güzel şey hatırlamak seni” (S.1233), 2010 Avrupa Kültür Başkentleri (S.1238), Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı 100 Yaşında (S.1239), 40. Yıl Dönümünde 12 Mart ve Edebiyat (S.1242), İstanbul Film Festivali 30 Yaşında! (S.1243), 450 Yıldır Tarihimizi Taşıyan Kapalıçarşı… (1244), 2011 Yaşar Nabi Nayır Gençlik Ödülleri (S.1246), Almanya’ya Göçün 50. Yılı “Biz işçi çağırdık, insanlar geldiler” (S.1249) dosyaları incelenerek araştırma sınırlandırıldı. Çalışma neticesinde “yıl dönümü” üzerine az sayıda tez başlığı bulunduğu ve edebiyat dergilerinin bu yönden zengin bir arşivinin olduğu söylenebilir. Ayrıca Varlık dergisinin ilk yıl dönümünden itibaren bu konuyu kuruluş yıl dönümlerinde, seçkin kişilerin doğum ve ölüm yıl dönümlerinde, tarihî olayların ve yapıtların yıl dönümlerinde çeşitli metinlerle işlediği gözlenmiştir.
KARAHANLI TÜRKÇESİ İLK TÜRKÇE SATIR-ARASI TRANSKRİBELİ KUR’AN TERCÜMESİ (TİEM 73)’TE GÜNAH İLE İLGİLİ SÖZ VARLIĞI
Authors: Karataş Ahmet
Published: January 2025

Köktürk ve Uygur yazı dilinin devamı olan Karahanlı Türkçesi, ilk ürünlerini XI. yüzyıldan itibaren vermeye başlamıştır. Bu dönem, Türklerin yeni bir dinî çevreyle tanıştığı ve doğal olarak bu dini tanımaya ve öğrenmeye gayret ettikleri dönemdir. İslamiyet etkisinde gelişen Karahanlı Edebiyatında, Türk mutasavvıf ve ediplerin verdikleri eserler, halka İslamiyet’i anlatmak, benimsetmek ve İslamiyet temelinde iyi bir birey olmanın yolunu göstermek amacıyla kaleme alınmıştır. Bunlara ilave olarak, bu dönemde, Kuran-ı Kerîm’in Türkçeye tercüme çalışmalarının da başladığı görülmektedir. Bu tercümeler, satır-arası denilen bir yöntemle Türkçeye aktarılmıştır. Buna göre tercümeler, üstte büyük harflerle Arapça orijinal metin, hemen altında ise Türkçeye tercümesi verilmek suretiyle satır-arası olarak yapılmıştır. Satır-arası Kur’an tercümelerinde zengin bir Türkçe dinî terminoloji dikkati çekmektedir. Dinî terimlerin Türkçe sözcüklerle karşılanması, tercümanların ya da çevirmenlerin kutsal kitap Kur’an-ı Kerîm’in halk tarafından anlaşılmasını öncelik hâline getirdiğini göstermektedir.

Tarihî Türk lehçelerine ait Türkçe Kur'an çevirileri sadece taşıdıkları kutsal değerler açısından değil, aynı zamanda tercüme edildikleri dönemin fonetik, morfolojik ve söz varlığı gibi dilsel özelliklerini de göstermesi bakımından önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, Karahanlı Türkçesi İlk Türkçe Satır-Arası Transkribeli Kur’an Tercümesi (TİEM 73)’te günah ile ilgili söz varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmamıza TİEM 73 Nüshası’nın kaynak olarak seçilmesinin nedeni, Karahanlı Türkçesi döneminde yapılan Kur’an tercümelerinin günümüze ulaşan en bütünlüklü metnin bu nüsha olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Çalışmada öncelikle TİEM 73 Nüshası tanıtılmış, günah kavramı ile ilgili bilgi verilmiş, daha sonra günah ile ilgili söz varlığı dört grupta toplanarak incelenmiştir.
ŞEHİRLER DİVANI DİVAN EDEBİYATINDA ŞEHİR ŞİİRLERİ
Authors: Akyol Hasret
Published: January 2025

Bu çalışmada Enes Yıldız ve Hasan Doğan tarafından neşredilen Şehirler Divanı Divan Edebiyatında Şehir Şiirleri isimli kitabın tanıtımı yapılmıştır. Eser, klasik Türk şiirinde şehirlere yazılan şiirler üzerinedir. Bu bağlamda hem klasik şairlerin şehirlere yaklaşımı hem de şehirlerin hangi yönleriyle klasik şiiere konu edildiği hususu gözler önüne serilmiştir.
Factors associated with changes in physical activity levels among Chinese international students in South Korea
Authors: Yin Chenqian , Kim Su Hyun , Kim Young Hoon
Published: January 2025

[Purpose] Physical activity is widely recognized for its physical and mental health benefits that are significant for international students who often encounter environmental and cultural challenges. This study aimed to assess the physical activity levels and changes among Chinese international students in South Korea and identify the factors associated with these changes.[Methods] The study included 192 Chinese students from a single university, recruited via an anonymous survey link on WeChat that collected data on sociodemographics, health behaviors, acculturative stress, depression, and social support. Physical activity levels were assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and changes in physical activity in South Korea were also evaluated. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with decreased and increased physical activity among the students.[Results] Among the participants, 33.9% indicated decreased physical activity, whereas 29.7% reported increased physical activity compared with their home country. Barriers include academic stress, time constraints, and unfamiliar environments, whereas facilitators include exercise facility accessibility and support from others. Increased physical activity was positively associated with older age, weight changes, and recreational activities. Poor self-health perception was positively associated with reduced physical activity, whereas perceived discrimination and transportation-related physical activity were negatively associated with reduced physical activity.[Conclusion] Changes in physical activity levels and their associated factors among Chinese international students in South Korea were revealed. Multidimensional factors must be addressed to improve physical activity levels, especially considering the challenging circumstances faced by international students.
Can consumption of finger millet diet improve mental health status in athletes: a possible link with modulation of cortisol levels
Authors: Tanwar Ekta , Kalpana Kommi
Published: January 2025

[Purpose] Despite the promising health benefits of finger millet, there is a notable lack of research specifically examining its effects on athletes’ mental health. Therefore, the present narrative review aimed to explore the potential of finger millet (Eleusine coracana) in enhancing the mental health status of athletes.[Methods] For this narrative review databases like “PubMed,” “SPORTDiscus,” “Scopus,” “ProQuest” and “Google Scholar” were referred to identify and analyze the studies to determine their relevance and findings.[Results] Studies have shown that nutritional intervention has a significant impact on mental health through improved mood, cognitive function, and overall well-being. Finger millet is a valuable reservoir of vital nutrients , including amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, which play crucial roles in reducing oxidative stress and cortisol levels, which are key factors in mental health disorders. Furthermore, low glycemic index and high dietary fiber content of finger millet contribute to stable blood sugar levels, which are crucial for maintaining mental stability and preventing stress-induced cortisol spikes. Dietary fiber in finger millet also helps in boosting the gut microbiota, which helps in stimulating mental and cognitive health through the gut-brain axis.[Conclusion] Given the physical and psychological demands on athletes, incorporating finger millet into their diets could offer a holistic approach for improving both performance and mental well-being. Despite these promising findings, the specific effect of finger millet on athletes' mental health remains unclear. This review highlights the need for more focused research on this topic, emphasizing the potential of finger millet as a na-t ural dietary intervention to enhance mental health and stress management in athletes. We conclude by calling for more comprehensive studies to fully understand the mechanisms and benefits of finger millet in athletic populations, aiming to bridge the current gap in the literature and pave the way for evidence-based dietary recommendations.
Effects of supplement L-theanine on cognitive anxiety, salivary alpha-amylase, and cortisol in archery competition
Authors: Lim In-Soo
Published: January 2025

[Purpose] Archery is a representative sport requiring high levels of concentration. Accordingly, assessing participants’ physiological and psychological factors related to tension, anxiety, and stress represents a valuable resource for enhancing performance. This study examines the impact of L-theanine administration on archers' cognitive anxiety levels, salivary alpha-amylase (sAA), and salivary cortisol (sC) in archery competition.[Methods] The study included 18 athletes from women's colleges who participated in the 50-meter individual competition at the 40th president's cup national archery competition in June 2023. Athletes’ anxiety levels were assessed on a Likert scale, ranging from 1 “not at all” to 10 “extremely anxious.” Saliva samples were collected 30, 20, and 10 minutes before and 20 minutes after the game. Repeated measures of the general linear model ANOVA were performed to compare the mean values of sAA and anxiety level.[Results] Cognitive anxiety levels were significantly reduced in the treatment compared to the placebo group at 10 minutes before the game (p<.05); sAA levels were significantly reduced in the treatment group compared to the placebo group at 20 and 10 minutes before the game (pre-20 and pre-10, respectively); and sC levels were significantly reduced in the treatment compared to the placebo group at 10 minutes before the game (p<.05).[Conclusion] The findings demonstrate that L-theanine treatment is an efficacious intervention for reducing cognitive anxiety, sAA, and sC levels in sports. Therefore, it is recommended to alleviate competitive anxiety in sports requiring high concentration levels such as archery.
A review of sarcopenia pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches: resistance exercise, nutrition, and monoterpenes
Authors: Lee Sangmoon , Baek Suji , Park Hangyul , Han Kang , Lee Kang Pa , Ahn Sang Hyun
Published: January 2025

[Purpose] Sarcopenia, characterized by the age-related loss of muscle mass and function, is a multifactorial condition influenced by oxidative stress, hormonal changes, and chronic inflammation. This study investigated the effects of resistance exercise and nutritional interventions, including antioxidants, such as monoterpenes, on sarcopenia prevention and treatment.[Methods] To identify relevant studies, a comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases including PubMed and Google Scholar. Keywords such as “sarcopenia,” “resistance exercise,” “antioxidants,” “nutrition,” “muscle regeneration,” and related terms were utilized to gather evidence on the prevention and management of sarcopenia.[Results] This review focuses on the etiological factors of sarcopenia, particularly the decline in muscle function and acceleration of muscle protein degradation. This highlights the critical importance of the combined effects of exercise and nutrition in overcoming these challenges, with special emphasis on the potential of antioxidant intake as a promising solution for managing this condition[Conclusion] An integrated approach combining periodic resistance exercise with antioxidant-rich nutritional strategies is essential for the management of sarcopenia. By promoting muscle development and inhibiting protein breakdown, this dual strategy provides an effective framework for preventing and treating sarcopenia, and improving quality of life of the aging population. Further studies are warranted to explore the clinical potential of monoterpenes in the treatment of sarcopenia.
MODERN İSLAM SİYASET DÜŞÜNCESİNDE EGEMENLİK MESELESİ
Authors: Kayapınar Mehmet Akif
Published: January 2025

On dokuzuncu yüzyılın başlarından itibaren İslam siyaset düşüncesi, modern devlet ve demokrasi kavramlarıyla yüzleşmek zorunda kalmış, bu süreçte özellikle Batı’nın nevi şahsına münhasır şartlarında gelişen egemenlik kavramı önemli bir tartışma konusu olmuştur. Bu tartışma, egemenliğin kimde veya nerede temsil edildiğine dair, her ikisi de “düalist” olan iki farklı ana yaklaşımın ortaya çıkmasına yol açmıştır; bir grup, egemenliğin Allah’a ve ilahî hukuka ait olduğunu savunurken, diğer grup Allah’ın yanı sıra halkın da egemenliğin sahibi olduğunu öne sürmüştür. Makalemizde bir yandan modern İslam siyaset düşüncesinde egemenlik meselesi temsil niteliği yüksek isimler ve metinler üzerinden incelenmekte, diğer yandan da egemenlik kavramı ortaya çıktığı Avrupa’nın özel şartları bağlamında ve aslına uygun şekilde tanımlanmaya çalışılmaktadır. Neticede egemenlik sınırlandırılmamış hukuk yapma otoritesi olarak, egemen ise ne kendi koyduğu ne de kendinden önce konmuş hiçbir kanunla mukayyet olmayan, hukuku askıya alarak olağanüstü hâle karar verebilen, gerektiğinde mevcut kanunları ilga edebilen veya yenileriyle değiştirebilen mutlak ve ebedi otorite olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu durumda, İslam siyaset teorisi söz konusu olduğunda, halkın siyasal otoritenin kaynağı/sahibi olmakla birlikte egemen olmadığı, egemenliğin Allah’ın yanı sıra ilahî hukukta olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmaktadır.
Suicidal ideation, social support, and a pessimistic view on life in the middle-aged and elderly
Authors: Goto Naruto , Kageyama Takayuki
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to examine whether both reduced social support and a pessimistic view on life are risk factors for suicidal ideation in the general population, being independent of psychological distress. A self-administered questionnaire survey was cross-sectionally conducted among 1,739 residents aged 45–75 in a rural area of Japan. Suicidal ideation in the last 1 year was assessed using a single question, and psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale K6 version (K6). Among 708 (41%) respondents, the prevalence rate of suicidal ideation was 4.4%. The rate was significantly high among male respondents, those aged 40–44 and those who choose bearing when distressed, whereas it was significantly low among those who talk with someone about distress. A multivariate analysis revealed that both a lack of emotional support and a pessimistic view on life were associated with suicidal ideation, being independent of K6 scores. The above two risk factors may affect the process through which psychological distress develops into suicidal ideation, in agreement with the interpersonal theory of suicide. It is important to enhance social connectedness and mutual help-seeking by strengthening the social network and also by providing information for help-seekers. These strategies, particularly focusing on male respondents who are 40–44 years old and choose bearing when distressed, should be implemented into the training program of gatekeepers for suicide prevention. The findings of the present study suggest effective methods for national and local policies for suicide prevention.
Vitamin D, Calcium to Magnesium, and The Gut Microbiome
Authors: Chambers Patrick
Published: January 2025

The gut microbiome has been the subject of increasing interest as integral to our health. Few realize that the enormous benefits of vitamin D (VD) and magnesium (Mg) are highly dependent on a healthy gut microbiome. Short chain fatty acids, especially butyrate, reflect not only a healthy gut microbiome but also VD status. Suboptimal VD, Mg, or butyrate translates to some degree of gut dysbiosis and vice versa. Mg dependent secondary bile acids, indoles, and tryptophan, all microbial metabolites and longevity agents, are also discussed. Mg is indispensable to not only the synthesis of the active form of VD but also that of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) from acetate. 7-DHC is the substrate for solar conversion to D3. The steadily increasing Ca:Mg in the Western diet and its ironic impact on parathormone (PTH) is discussed. Gut dysbiosis further complicates this. Biochemical and physiologic interlinkages are legion and most remain hidden. This limited mini review exposes insight into the tight linkage between 25(OH)D and Ca:Mg, facilitated by the gut microbiome. A model incorporating the physiologically discordant but reinforcing effects on this linkage based on genes, culture, socioeconomic status, and diet that also addresses the seemingly contradictory reports regarding calcium (Ca), Mg, and VD efficacy is proposed.
Advancing Breast Cancer Diagnosis: Optimization of Raman Spectroscopy for Urine-Based Early Detection
Authors: Andraș David , Cozan Ramona G. , Mureșan Delia , Moisoiu Vlad , Crisan George , Bintintan Vasile , Dindelengan George C. , Iancu Stefania D. , Leopold Nicolae
Published: January 2025

Background: Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) analysis of urine is a promising liquid biopsy technique for cancer detection. However, its clinical translation is hindered by two major challenges that impact classification efficacy. First, the SERS signal of urine is confounded by fluctuations induced by physiological differences in urine composition such as pH and dilution. Second, the molecular origin of the SERS signal of urine is incompletely understood, limiting the interpretability of machine learning classifiers in terms of specific biochemical markers. Methods: In this pilot study, we analyzed urine samples from breast cancer patients (n=18) and control subjects (n=10) at three pH levels (5, 7, and 9). Additionally, we analyzed simulated urine mixtures consisting of uric acid, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and creatinine in physiological concentrations to explain the variation in the SERS spectra at different pH values. Results: Urine at pH 9 yielded the most detailed spectral features. The SERS spectral pattern under alkaline pH reflected greater contributions from hypoxanthine, uric acid, and creatinine, while xanthine contributions diminished due to competitive interactions at the SERS substrate surface. Normalizing SERS signals to the creatinine band at 1420 cm⁻¹ effectively mitigated the confounding effects of urine dilution. These adjustments improved the classification accuracy of a random forest model. Conclusions: Optimizing the pH to 9 and normalizing to creatinine significantly enhance the interpretability and accuracy of SERS-based urine analysis for cancer detection. These findings offer important theoretical and practical advancements in the development of SERS-based liquid biopsy tools for cancer detection.
A Molecular Modeling Study on the Propagation in Free Radical Chain Oxidation of (B)PEI
Authors: Buijs Wim
Published: January 2025

Air oxidation of PEI is a Free Radical Chain Autoxidation process, described as a process following the Basic Autoxidation Scheme with Initiation, Propagation and Termination as discriminating steps. Molecular Modeling was able to identify the most important propagation reactions. HO2•(d) is the most likely candidate as the main oxidation chain carrying radical. -H-abstraction from PEI -amino hydroperoxides by HO2•(d) leading to amide PEI repeat units and eventually to HO2•(d) again, is the first step in Propagation. Apart from well know propagation reactions, the reaction of PEI -amino CH•(d) radicals with H2O2 is of major importance too with an estimated contribution of ~50% to Propagation. Furthermore it provides an explanation for the formation of NH3 and various imine PEI repeat units. PEI -amino alkoxy radicals might contribute to some extent to Propagation and can lead to chain breaks in PEI and the formation of CO2. Amide and imine PEI repeat units contribute to ~90% in the fully oxidized PEI.
IgG4-RD-Associated Mikulicz Syndrome Without Classic Systemic Involvement
Authors: Mendoza-Vargas Luis Ángel , Sevilla-Fuentes Samuel , Bautista-Becerril Brandon , Berthaúd-González Bertha , Falfán-Valencia Ramcés , Avila-Páez Mauricio , Félix-Martínez Linda P. , Manilla-Gonzalez Jennifer
Published: January 2025

Background: IgG4-related disease is a rare, chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, ‘storiform’ fibrosis, and elevated IgG4 levels in affected tissues. This disease has a broad and heterogeneous clinical spectrum that includes four main phenotypes: pancreatic-hepatobiliary disease, retroperitoneal/aortic fibrosis, head and neck disease, and Mikulicz syndrome. Case Description: An 85-year-old male patient with an unusual clinical presentation outside Asia of IgG4-related disease phenotype Mikulicz syndrome, characterized by bilateral dacryoadenitis, orbital pseudotumor, and no evidence of significant systemic participation. Despite extensive involvement in the orbital and glandular region, the patient did not develop serious organ complications, a behavior rarely documented in the literature. Despite the serum IgG4 levels being normal (< 135 mg/dl), the clinical and radiological picture suggested IgG4-RD, emphasizing the need for a biopsy for a definitive diagnosis. Histopathological examination revealed a dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, storiform fibrosis, and more than 40% IgG4-positive cells, confirming the diagnosis. Results: Treatment with prednisone was initiated alongside azathioprine for long-term control. Calcium and vitamin D3 supplementation were added to prevent glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Remarkable clinical improvement was observed within 24 hours, with progressive orbital and glandular symptoms resolution. Over a year, the patient exhibited complete resolution of the orbital tumors, total recovery of vision, and no relapses. The only sequelae observed were dry eye. Conclusions: This case highlights the need to consider IgG4-RD with normal serum IgG4 levels, the importance of histopathology for diagnosis, and the efficacy of steroids as first-line treatment. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for timely treatment.
Preliminary Evaluation of Nasal Airway Narrowing in Relation to Unilateral Mastication: A Pilot Study
Authors: Pecci-Lloret Miguel Ramón , Garcia-Sampedro Carmen Maria , Guerrero-Gironés Julia , López-Jiménez Emilio
Published: January 2025

Background: Unilateral mastication (UM), defined as the habitual use of one side of the mouth for chewing, has been linked to various craniofacial asymmetries and systemic effects. This study aims to explore the relationship between UM and nasal airway asymmetry, investigating whether a habitual chewing side correlates with a narrowed nasal window. These findings provide a preliminary understanding of how chewing practices might impact craniofacial anatomy and respiratory health. Methods: A pilot study involving 24 adults aged 18 and older was conducted. Inclusion criteria excluded individuals with prior orthodontic treatment or edentulism. The habitual chewing side was determined through self-report and direct observation of chewing gum activity. Nasal window dimensions were assessed using ImageJ® software by blinded observers. Statistical analysis, including Fisher’s exact test and Kruskal-Wallis test, was performed using R version 4.4.1 to examine associations between the chewing side and nasal asymmetry. Results: Half of the participants (50%) preferred the right side for chewing. A significant association was found between the chewing side and the smaller nasal window (p < 0.001). Participants with a smaller right nasal window consistently preferred chewing on the right side, with a large effect size (ϕ = 0.845). No significant differences in age were observed across nasal window groups (p = 0.47). Conclusions: This study reveals a strong association between unilateral mastication and nasal airway asymmetry, highlighting the potential role of chewing habits in influencing craniofacial development. These findings emphasize the need for further longitudinal studies to explore the systemic and aesthetic implications of habitual chewing patterns.
Synthesis of Enantiostructured Triacylglycerol Prodrugs Constituting an Active Drug Located at Terminal sn-1 and sn-3 Positions of the Glycerol Backbone
Authors: Jónsdóttir Lena Rós , Haraldsson Gudmundur G.
Published: January 2025

The current paper reports the asymmetric synthesis of a focused library of enantiostructured triacylglycerols (TAGs) constituting a potent drug of the NSAID type (ibuprofen or naproxen) along with a pure bioactive n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (EPA or DHA) intended as a novel type of prodrugs. In this second category TAG prodrugs one of the terminal sn-1 or sn-3 positions of the glycerol skeleton is acylated with a single saturated medium-chain fatty acid (C6, C8, C10 or C12), the remaining one with the drug entity, and the PUFA located in the sn-2 position. This was accomplished by a six-step chemoenzymatic approach, two of which promoted by a lipase, starting from enantiopure (R)- and (S)-solketals. The highly regioselective immobilized Candida antarctica lipase (CAL-B) played a crucial role in the regiocontrol of the synthesis. The most challenging key step involved the incorporation of the drugs activated as oxime esters by the lipase exclusively into the terminal position of glycerol protected as a benzyl ether. All combinations, the total of 32 such prodrug TAGs, were prepared, isolated and fully characterized, along with 40 acylglycerol intermediates, obtained in very high to excellent yields in majority of cases.
Analyzing Declining Trends, Patient Demographics, and Complications in Total Elbow Arthroplasty: A Nationwide Retrospective Data
Authors: Mahamid Assil , Jayyusi Fairouz , Haj Yahya Mohammad , Wolff Gal , Behrbalk Eyal
Published: January 2025

Background Total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) was initially introduced for end-stage rheumatoid arthritis but has since expanded to include osteoarthritis and complex distal humerus fractures, particularly in elderly patients. Over the past two decades, TEA utilization trends have fluctuated, with a recent decline attributed to advancements in disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Despite its benefits, TEA presents a high complication rate, necessitating further investigation into clinical outcomes, costs, and postoperative management. Methods This retrospective cohort study analyzed TEA procedures from 2016 to 2019 using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. Patients were identified via ICD-10 codes, with elective procedures included to ensure homogeneity. The study examined temporal trends, patient demographics, comorbidities, complication rates, length of stay (LOS), and hospitalization costs. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, t-tests, and multivariate regression to assess patient characteristics and outcomes associations. Results A total of 4,110 TEA procedures were analyzed, revealing a 16% decline in annual volume from 2016 to 2019 (p=0.012). The cohort had a mean age of 65.99 years, predominating female (75.3%) and White (72.6%) patients. The median LOS was two days, and median hospitalization costs were $78,473 (IQR: $56,935–$115,671). The most prevalent complications included mechanical loosening (12.5%), blood loss anemia (10.6%), cardiac complications (5.7%), and prosthetic-related pain (3.3%). Multivariate analysis identified hypertension, anemia, and respiratory disease as significant predictors of adverse outcomes. Conclusions TEA utilization has declined, likely due to medical advancements in rheumatoid arthritis management. The procedure remains associated with substantial complication rates, particularly in trauma-related cases. Findings highlight the importance of improving outcomes through patient optimization, surgical expertise, and postoperative monitoring. Future research should focus on refining prosthetic designs and standardizing postoperative care protocols to enhance TEA longevity and safety.
The Emerging Role of Colchicine To Inhibit NLRP3 Inflammasome and IL-1β Expression in In Vivo Models
Authors: Astiawati Tri , Rohman Mohammad Saifur , Wihastuti Titin , Sujuti Hidayat , Endharti Agustina , Sargowo Djanggan , Oceandy Delvac , Lestari Bayu , Triastuti Efta , Nugraha Ricardo Adrian
Published: January 2025

While the beneficial effects of colchicine on inflammation and infarcted myocardium have been documented, its impact on cardiac fibroblast activation in the context of MI remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of colchicine on the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β expression in fibroblasts. The 3T3 fibroblasts were exposed to 600 μM CoCl2 for 24 hours to simulate hypoxia, with normoxic cells as controls. Colchicine (1 μM) was administered for 24 hours. ASC-NLRP3 colocalization and IL-1β expression were evaluated using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, respectively. Data were analyzed using t-tests and one-way ANOVA with post-hoc tests. Hypoxia treatment significantly induced ASC-NLRP3 colocalization (p < 0.05). Colchicine treatment of hypoxic 3T3 cells reduced ASC-NLRP3 colocalization, although this reduction was not statistically significant. Additionally, IL-1β expression was significantly inhibited in colchicine-treated hypoxic 3T3 cells compared to those treated with placebo (p < 0.05). The findings of this study indicate that colchicine treatment inhibits the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by disrupting the colocalization of ASC and NLRP3, thereby reducing IL-1β expression in CoCl2-treated 3T3 cells.
Harnessing the Activity of Lytic Bacteriophages to Foster the Sustainable Development Goals and the “One Health” Strategy
Authors: Álvarez Belén , Biosca Elena G.
Published: January 2025

As bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that infect and destroy bacterial cells, they can be considered natural bactericides that can either directly or indirectly contribute to the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) on health and well-being, food production and food security, as well as environmental protection and climate change mitigation, thus contributing to the success of the European “One Health” strategy to combat antimicrobial resistance in humans, animals, plants and the environment. The biological activity of lytic bacteriophages can operate in the fields of microbiology and biotechnology for clinical, veterinary, agricultural and industrial applications, among others, to achieve the proposed goals, mainly because the phages can help increase crop productivity by reducing bacterial diseases; constitute alternative therapies against infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria; can reduce populations of pathogenic bacteria that contaminate soil and water, therefore providing with healthier and safer food production; and they can help reduce environmental pollution caused by the presence of agrochemicals and antibiotics. For the benefits of using them, phage-based therapies developed through research and innovation have the potential to facilitate greater global food security and health in a more environmentally friendly and eco-sustainable way.
Research on the Cavitation Characteristics of Pump-Turbines Based on Mode Decomposition
Authors: Lu Jiaxing , Li Jiarui , Zhang Chuan , Zhou Yuzhuo , He Yanjun
Published: January 2025

Cavitation phenomena significantly impact pump-turbine performance, necessitating a thorough investigation of their characteristics. This study employs experimental and numerical simulations to evaluate pump-turbine performance, confirming the accuracy of the numerical methods used. The simulations analyze the cavitation flow field, comparing cavitation distribution and velocity streamlines at various stages. The Q-criterion and entropy production methods identify vortex structures and energy loss areas, revealing that increased cavitation leads to more vortices of varying scales, resulting in higher entropy production and reduced energy efficiency. Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) techniques further analyze the cavitation flow field over time, highlighting key energy loss regions and vortex dynamics. The findings indicate that lower-order POD modes correspond to dominant vortex structures, while increased cavitation leads to a rise in vortex numbers and complexity. DMD analysis shows varying evolution patterns of vortices across scales. This research provides valuable insights into the unstable characteristics of cavitation flow fields in pump-turbines under low-flow conditions.
The Role of Perineuronal Nets in Physiology and Disease: Insights from Recent Studies
Authors: Auer Sophia , Schicht Martin , Hoffmann Lucas , Budday Silvia , Frischknecht Renato , Blümcke Ingmar , Paulsen Friedrich
Published: January 2025

Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialized extracellular matrix structures that predominantly surround inhibitory neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). They have been identified as crucial regulators of synaptic plasticity and neuronal excitability. This literature review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge about PNNs, their molecular composition and structure, as well as their functional roles and involvement in neurological diseases. Furthermore, future directions in PNN research are proposed, and the therapeutic potential of targeting PNNs to develop novel treatment options for various neurological disorders is explored. This review emphasizes the importance of PNNs in CNS physiology and pathology and underscores the need for further research in this area.
The Quality of Life of Iranian Mothers and Fathers of Children with Autism
Authors: Samadi Sayyed Ali , Ghanimi Farzaneh , McConkey Roy
Published: January 2025

Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that has life-long impacts individuals and their families, who are the main care-givers. This study investigated the self-reported quality of life (QoL) of Iranian mothers and fathers and aimed to identify the predictors associated with higher scores on WHO-BREF measure, particularly those related to their child’s autism. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted with two national samples of parents; one in which the mothers and father were related (n=119 families) and a second sample involving 383 unrelated mothers and fathers, making a total of 623 Iranian parents of children with ASD. Participants completed self-report measures assessing QoL, perceived child-rearing stress, social support, and coping strategies as well as pertinent demographic information of themselves and their child. These were chosen on the basis of previous research. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis. Results: There were few significant differences between mothers and fathers in both samples on the various rating scales. Regression analyses identified satisfaction with personal health and with their marriage, along with support from family as the main predictors of higher quality of life ratings. Access to professionals and positive interactions with their children augmented the contribution to parents’ overall quality of life. The children’s autism had minimal direct impact on the parental quality of life although it likely accentuated the importance to parents of the identified predictors. Discussion: The findings support the case for services to adopt a family-centred approach to the supports they provide and for a greater engagement with fathers. Three strands are proposed for future research. Recruiting families who receive little or no support, the identification of strategies for meeting the personal needs of parents and undertaking longitudinal studies of interventions to improve family quality of life and the outcomes these have on the person with autism.
Associations of Environmental Exposure to Arsenic, Manganese, Lead and Cadmium on Alzheimer's Disease: A Review of Recent Evidence from Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Ahmed Giasuddin , Rahaman Md. Shiblur , Perez Enrique , Khan Khalid M.
Published: January 2025

Numerous epidemiological studies indicate that populations exposed to environmental hazards such as heavy metals have a higher likelihood of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared to those unexposed indicating a potential association between heavy metals exposure and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD). The aim of this review is to summarize contemporary mechanistic research exploring the associations of four important metals, Arsenic (As), Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb), and Cadmium (Cd) with AD and possible pathways, processes, and molecular mechanisms on the basis of data from the most recent mechanistic studies. Primary research publications published during the last decade, were located using a search of the PubMed Database. A thorough literature search and final screening yielded 46 original research articles for this review. Of the 46 papers, 6 pertain to As, 9 to Mn, 21 to Pb, and 10 to Cd exposures and AD pathobiology. Environmental exposure to these heavy metals induce a wide range of pathological processes that intersect with well-known mechanisms of AD, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein aggregation, and neuroinflammation, autophagy dysfunction, and Tau hyperphosphorylation. While exposure to single metals shares some affected pathways, certain effects are unique to specific metals. For instance, Pb and Cd induce Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) disruption, whereas As and Mn are associated with neuroinflammation, glutamate excitotoxicity, impaired Amyloid Precursor Protein processing, aberrant Nitric Oxide (NO) signaling, and cortical and synaptic dysfunction. Our reivew provides a deeper understanding of biological mechanisms showing how metals contribute to AD. Information regarding the potential metal-induced neurotoxicity regarding AD may help us develop effective therapeutic AD intervention and treatment.
Comprehensive Analysis of Random Forest and XGBoost Performance with SMOTE, ADASYN, and GNUS Upsampling Under Varying Imbalance Levels
Authors: Imani Mehdi , Beikmohammadi Ali , Arabnia Hamid Reza
Published: January 2025

This study examines the efficacy of Random Forest and XGBoost classifiers in conjunction with three upsampling techniques—SMOTE, ADASYN, and Gaussian Noise Up-Sampling (GNUS)—across datasets with varying class imbalance levels, ranging from moderate (15% churn) to extreme (1% churn). Employing metrics such as F1-Score, ROC AUC, PR AUC, Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC), and Cohen’s Kappa, the research offers a comprehensive evaluation of classifier performance under different imbalance scenarios, with a focus on applications in the telecommunications domain.
The findings highlight the consistent superiority of XGBoost paired with SMOTE, achieving the highest F1-Score and robust performance across all levels of class imbalance, including extreme cases. SMOTE proved to be the most effective upsampling method, particularly with XGBoost, enhancing learning from minority class instances. Random Forest, while adequate for moderate imbalances, struggled under severe imbalance, regardless of the upsampling method. ADASYN showed moderate effectiveness with XGBoost but underperformed with Random Forest, whereas GNUS demonstrated inconsistent results, lagging behind SMOTE and ADASYN.
The study emphasizes the critical influence of data imbalance on model performance, revealing that metrics such as MCC, Kappa, and F1-Scores fluctuate significantly with increasing imbalance, while ROC AUC and PR AUC remain stable. Ultimately, XGBoost combined with SMOTE emerged as the most robust and effective strategy for addressing extreme class imbalance.
SLC1A4 and Serine Homeostasis: Implications for Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Elazar Dana , Alvarez Natalie , Drobeck Sabrina , Gunn Teresa M.
Published: January 2025

The solute carrier family 1 member 4 (SLC1A4) gene encodes a neutral amino acid transporter, also referred to as alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 1, ASCT1, that helps maintain amino acid balance in the brain and periphery. In the brain, SLC1A4 plays important roles in transporting levo(L) and dopa(D) isomers of serine. L-serine is required for many cellular processes, including protein and sphingolipid synthesis, while D-serine is a co-agonist required for normal neurotransmission through N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Through its roles transporting L-serine across the blood-brain-barrier and regulating synaptic D-serine levels, SLC1A4 helps establish and maintain brain health across the lifespan. This review examines the role of SLC1A4 in neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration and assesses the therapeutic potential of serine supplementation to treat neurodevelopmental symptoms associated with mutations in SLC1A4, as well as schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.
In Silico ADME Methods Used in the Evaluation of Natural Products
Authors: Ancuceanu Robert , Lascu Beatrice Elena , Drăgănescu Doina , Dinu Mihaela
Published: January 2025

The pharmaceutical industry faces significant challenges when promising drug candi-dates fail during development due to suboptimal ADME (absorption, distribution, metab-olism, excretion) properties or toxicity concerns. Natural compounds are subject to the same pharmacokinetic considerations. In silico approaches offer a compelling advantage: they eliminate the need for physical samples and laboratory facilities, while providing rapid and cost-effective alternatives to expensive and time-consuming experimental test-ing. Computational methods can often effectively address common challenges associated with natural compounds, such as chemical instability and poor solubility. Through a re-view of the relevant scientific literature, we present a comprehensive analysis of in silico methods and tools used for ADME prediction, specifically examining their application to natural compounds. Whereas we focus on identifying the predominant computational approaches applicable to natural compounds, these tools were developed for conventional drug discovery and are of general use. We examine an array of computational approaches for evaluating natural compounds, including fundamental methods like quantum me-chanics calculations, molecular docking, and pharmacophore modeling, as well as more complex techniques such as QSAR analysis, molecular dynamics simulations, and PBPK modeling.
Metabolic Regulation by the Hypothalamic Neuropeptide, Gonadotropin-Inhibitory Hormone at Both the Central and Peripheral Levels
Authors: Son You Lee , Meddle Simone L , Tobari Yasuko
Published: January 2025

Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) has a well-established role in regulating reproductive functions, but recent data has also demonstrated its involvement of in the control of metabolic processes. GnIH neurons and fibers have been identified in hypothalamic regions associated with feeding behavior and energy homeostasis with GnIH receptors being expressed throughout the hypothalamus. GnIH does not act alone in the hypothalamus, but rather interacts with the melanotropin system as well as with other neuropeptides. GnIH and its receptors are also expressed in peripheral tissues involved in important metabolic functions. Therefore, the local action of GnIH in peripheral organs, including the pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, gonad, and adipose tissue, is also suggested. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the emerging role of GnIH in metabolic regulation at both central and peripheral levels.
The Role of Pro-Ecological Packaging in Shaping Purchase Intentions and Brand Image in the Food Sector: An Experimental Study
Authors: Siuda Dagna , Grębosz-Krawczyk Magdalena
Published: January 2025

The main objective of this paper is to is to assess the influence of claims suggestion eco-friendly nature of products, presented on food product packaging, on consumers’ purchase intentions and brand image. To achieve this, an experimental study was conducted in which participants were presented with packaging prototypes to explore their purchase preferences and attitudes toward the brand. The study involved two types of food products—apple juice and a box of chocolates. Some packaging prototypes featured pro-environmental attributes, while others did not. The results confirm the positive impact of pro-environmental packaging elements on consumers’ purchase intentions and brand perception. “Eco-friendly” brands were perceived as high-quality and more appealing. In both product categories, the majority of respondents preferred brands incorporating pro-environmental elements on packaging. These findings highlight the potential benefits for brand owners of integrating sustainability-focused content into packaging, which can serve as a competitive advantage in the food market.
Education, Health and Social Systems. European Mountain Series Forecasting (1)
Authors: Covaci Mihai , Covaci Brindusa
Published: January 2025

The article represents a plea for the regenerative development of education, health and the mountain social system. The paper analyzes these sectors at the European level, specifically for the studied countries such as Austria, Bulgaria, Czechia, Croatia, Germany, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, Sweden. The research was carried out by applying the Tukey-Hamming model, using spectral analysis of forecasting for 2021-2025. The analyzed indicators can be found in supplementary data on the page https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14713867. The results of the study demonstrate the importance of developing new businesses in the researched sectors, which support the degree of employability in mountain areas. The article shows that in the coming period, rapid interventions are necessary at the level of the analyzed countries so that the entrepreneurial situation does not deteriorate in the related mountain areas.