bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Irish Girls in Liverpool (2)
Authors: Caslin Samantha
Published: January 2020

This chapter focuses on the LVA’s efforts to engage with Irish women in Liverpool during the Second World War and post-war years. Despite a reduction in Irish immigration during the war, which saw the LVA’s staff reduced, the organisation was quick to raise concerns about the moral wellbeing of Irish young women once peace was resumed. As such, the LVA continued, throughout the 1950s and into the 1960s, to provoke concerns about the supposed moral vulnerability of Irish young women in Liverpool in a bid to generate support for their patrols.
A Changing of the Guard
Authors: Caslin Samantha
Published: January 2020

This chapter examines the decline of specific female-run, local organizations concerned about what they considered to be the corrosive effects of urban life upon the way young women comported themselves about town. In locating this decline in the 1950s and 60s, the chapter seeks to complicate narratives about the increasing permissiveness of British society during these years. It argues that the post-war decline of social purity groups like the Liverpool Vigilance Association was linked directly to the way in which state-level institutions and local law enforcement had increasingly taken up their cause. In considering the work of the Wolfenden Committee (1954-7), the chapter demonstrates how social purity and moral welfare approaches to prostitution as a form of moral contagion continued to have currency even as the influence of these organisations faded, with concerns about morality playing out in policing and the parameters of the Street Offences Act 1959.
Introduction
Authors: Ritchie Daniel
Published: January 2020

At 7.30 a.m. on Monday, 12 March 1888, the mortal remains of the Revd Isaac Nelson were taken from his residence at Sugarfield House in Belfast to the nearby Shankill Graveyard and deposited in the family burying-ground. He had died either the previous Wednesday night (7 March) or in the early hours of Thursday morning (8 March). Nelson had suffered from heart disease for some years, a condition that was worsened by a severe fall several weeks before his death. Even though he had been a larger-than-life figure in Victorian Belfast, Nelson’s funeral was a strictly private affair. His brother William, his sister Elizabeth, a few intimate friends from his former Presbyterian congregation at Donegall Street, and the Revds James Martin, George Shaw, George Magill, and William Johnston attended the funeral. Upon the burial of Nelson’s body, the ...
‘The Eloquent and Fearless Friend of the Slave’
Authors: Ritchie Daniel
Published: January 2020

This chapter has highlights the central importance of Nelson to Belfast anti-slavery in the 1840s and early 1850s. Nelson’s emergence as a leading anti-slavery campaigner took place against the backdrop of the Free Church of Scotland receiving money from and engaging in fellowship with the proslavery American churches. In the subsequent ‘Send Back the Money’ controversy, the Belfast Anti-Slavery Society joined the chorus of abolitionist voices calling on the Free Church to break its ties with their proslavery American brethren. Nelson joined with leading American abolitionists such as Henry C. Wright, Frederick Douglass, and William Lloyd Garrison as part of the ‘Send Back the Money’ campaign in Belfast. This bore some positive fruit as the American Old School Presbyterian, Thomas Smyth was excluded from sitting with the Irish General Assembly in 1846. Nelson also defended the radical abolitionist principle of no fellowship with slaveholders at the inaugural meeting of the Evangelical Alliance in London, 1846. This chapter also explains the causes for the eventual demise of the Belfast Anti-Slavery Society, notwithstanding its late revival with the visits of Henry Highland Garnet to Ulster in 1851.
Introduction
Authors: Coletta Michela
Published: January 2020

The introduction starts by defining the theoretical framework in the context of recent and current debates on ‘multiple modernities’, which often fail to include Latin America. This section then moves on to discuss the relevance of and relation between key categories, primarily those of ‘civilisation’ and ‘decadence’ − which were increasingly used in association with each other − with respect to the more recent notion of degeneration which provided them with a scientific analytical foundation. In the late nineteenth-century, many started to feel that ‘modern civilisation’ carried within itself the danger of deviance, especially as the medical model of social analysis became established. I discuss here how these debates culminated in the years between the mid-1890s and the early 1900s, when the process of nation-building and economic prosperity reached its peak in the Southern Cone as the rapid changes that had taken place during the previous two decades became consolidated. Among the main consequences were the growth of the urban population and the consequent rise of the so-called ‘social question’. It was during this time that the need to rethink how the idea of civilisation should be approached acquired for the first time such huge prominence in Latin America.
A Great Indelicacy
Authors: Gardner Calum
Published: January 2020

The introduction offers a summary of the book’s aims and objectives as a study of poets’ engagements with Barthes, explains its methodology of focusing on works which makes explicit reference to Barthes rather than inferring his influence from a wider range of the sources, and gives a potted history of engagements with Barthes in English leading up to his first being read seriously by poets in the early 1970s. It considers the Anglophone literary press in this period as well as academia, and situates Barthes in relation to movements such as structuralism and Marxism.
Conclusion: Nothing Better than a Theory
Authors: Gardner Calum
Published: January 2020

This conclusion offers a summary of the book’s argument and suggests future directions for Barthes scholars in poetry studies and vice versa. It asks what interventions poets might make in the future in dialogue with recently published posthumous works by Barthes, and stresses the importance of the ongoing ‘co-production’ of the meaning of both poetic and theoretical texts.
A Boy’s Will
Authors: Smith Virginia F.
Published: January 2020

This chapter describes the scientific and natural allusions in Frost’s first collection, A Boy’s Will, which was published in 1913. The language and imagery in this collection are based on Frost’s observations of wild and domesticated plants and animals and draw on his experiences as a small family farmer and as an ardent naturalist. The poems in A Boy’s Will depict a man coming “into his own,” not only from boyhood to manhood, but from the wild freedom of bats, snakes, and vines, to the domestic realities of farm houses, fields, livestock, and a family. In poems such as “A Tuft of Flowers” and “Pan With Us,” Frost examines how the wild and the tamed meet and sometimes conflict. The chapter preface includes biographical material describing Frost’s scientific education and influences.
A Further Range
Authors: Smith Virginia F.
Published: January 2020

The years between West-Running Brook and the publication of the Pulitzer-Prize winning collection A Further Range in 1936 were filled with great upheaval, joy, and sadness for the Frost family, including two deaths, cross-country moves, marriages, and births. In contrast, Frost’s career as a poet was flourishing, marked by a Pulitzer Prize for his collected poems in 1931 and increasing national recognition. In this collection, we see Frost sorting through his life, including childhood events (“At Woodward’s Gardens”), his time as a mill worker (“A Lone Striker,” “A Trial Run”), his life as a farmer (“Blue Ribbon at Amesbury,” ”The Gold Hesperidee”), and scenes from rural life (“Two Tramps in Mud Time,” “A Drumlin Woodchuck”) He also writes of ancient humans (“A Missive Missile”), the history of the earth (“Build Soil”), evolution of life (“Design”), and looks to the stars (“Lost in Heaven,” “The Master Speed.”)
Stellar Properties of z ≳ 8 Galaxies in the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey
Authors: Strait Victoria , Bradač Maruša , Coe Dan , Bradley Larry , Salmon Brett , Lemaux Brian C. , Huang Kuang-Han , Zitrin Adi , Sharon Keren , Acebron Ana , Andrade-Santos Felipe , Avila Roberto J. , Frye Brenda L. , Hoag Austin , Mahler Guillaume , Nonino Mario , Ogaz Sara , Oguri Masamune , Ouchi Masami , Paterno-Mahler Rachel , Pelliccia Debora
Published: January 2020

Measurements of stellar properties of galaxies when the universe was less than one billion years old yield some of the only observational constraints on the onset of star formation. We present here the inclusion of Spitzer/IRAC imaging in the fitting of the spectral energy distribution of the seven highest-redshift galaxy candidates selected from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging of the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey. We find that for six out of eight HST-selected z ∼ 8 sources, the z ∼ 8 solutions are still strongly preferred over z ∼ 1–2 solutions after the inclusion of Spitzer fluxes, and two prefer a z ∼ 7 solution, which we defer to a later analysis. We find a wide range of intrinsic stellar masses (5 × 106–4 × 109
M
⊙), star formation rates (0.2–14 M
⊙ yr−1), and ages (30–600 Myr) among our sample. Of particular interest is A1763-1434, which shows evidence of an evolved stellar population (∼500 Myr) at z ∼ 8, implying that its first generation of star formation occurred <100 Myr after the Big Bang. SPT0615-JD, a spatially resolved z ∼ 10 candidate, remains at its high redshift, supported by deep Spitzer/IRAC data, and also shows some evidence for an evolved stellar population. Even with the lensed, bright apparent magnitudes of these z ≳ 8 candidates (H = 26.1–27.8 AB mag), only the James Webb Space Telescope will be able to exclude the possibility of abnormally strong nebular emission, large dust content, or some combination thereof, and confirm the presence of evolved stellar populations early in the universe.
Precision of Mass and Radius Determination for Neutron Stars from the ATHENA Mission
Authors: Majczyna Agnieszka , Madej Jerzy , Należyty Mirosław , Różańska Agata , Bełdycki Bartosz
Published: January 2020

In this paper we show that X-ray spectral observations of the ATHENA mission, which is planned to launch in 2031, can constrain the equation of state (EOS) of superdense matter. We use our well-constrained continuum-fitting method to determine the mass and radius of a neutron star. Model spectra of the emission from a neutron star were calculated using the atmosphere code ATM24. In the next step, those models were fitted to simulated spectra of the neutron star calculated for ATHENA’s Wide Field Imager (WFI) detector, using satellite calibration files. To simulate the spectra we assumed three different values of effective temperature, surface gravity, and gravitational redshift. These cases relate to three different neutron star masses and radii. This analysis allows us to demonstrate both the precision of our method and the need for a fast detector onboard ATHENA. A large grid of theoretical spectra was calculated with various parameters and a hydrogen–helium–iron composition of solar proportions. These spectra were fitted to the simulated spectrum to estimate the precision of mass and radius determination. In each case, we obtained very precise values with errors in the range 3%–10% for mass and 2%–8% for radius within 1σ confidence. We show here that, with the ATHENA WFI detector, such a determination could be used to constrain the EOS of superdense neutron star matter.
On Fabry–Pérot Etalon-based Instruments. III. Instrument Applications
Authors: Bailén F. J. , Orozco Suárez D. , del Toro Iniesta J. C.
Published: January 2020

The spectral, imaging, and polarimetric behavior of Fabry–Pérot etalons have an influence on imaging vector magnetograph instruments based on these devices. The impact depends on the optical configuration (collimated or telecentric), on the relative position of the etalon with respect to the polarimeter, on the type of etalon (air-gapped or crystalline), and even on the polarimetric technique to be used (single-beam or dual-beam). In this paper, we evaluate the artificial line-of-sight velocities and magnetic field strengths that arise in etalon-based instruments, attending to the factors mentioned. We differentiate between signals that are implicit to telecentric mounts due to the wavelength dependence of the point-spread function and those emerging in both collimated and telecentric setups from the polarimetric response of birefringent etalons. For the anisotropic case, we consider two possible locations of the etalon—between the modulator and the analyzer or after it—and we include the effect on different channels when dual-beam polarimetry is employed. We also evaluate the impact of the loss of symmetry produced in telecentric mounts due to imperfections in the illumination and/or to a tilt of the etalon relative to the incident beam.
Quasar Accretion Disk Sizes from Continuum Reverberation Mapping in the DES Standard-star Fields
Authors: Yu Zhefu , Martini Paul , Davis T. M. , Gruendl R. A. , Hoormann J. K. , Kochanek C. S. , Lidman C. , Mudd D. , Peterson B. M. , Wester W. , Allam S. , Annis J. , Asorey J. , Avila S. , Banerji M. , Bertin E. , Brooks D. , Buckley-Geer E. , Calcino J. , Rosell A. Carnero , Carollo D. , Kind M. Carrasco , Carretero J. , Cunha C. E. , D’Andrea C. B. , Costa L. N. da , De Vicente J. , Desai S. , Diehl H. T. , Doel P. , Eifler T. F. , Flaugher B. , Fosalba P. , Frieman J. , García-Bellido J. , Gaztanaga E. , Glazebrook K. , Gruen D. , Gschwend J. , Gutierrez G. , Hartley W. G. , Hinton S. R. , Hollowood D. L. , Honscheid K. , Hoyle B. , James D. J. , Kim A. G. , Krause E. , Kuehn K. , Kuropatkin N. , Lewis G. F. , Lima M. , Macaulay E. , Maia M. A. G. , Marshall J. L. , Menanteau F. , Miquel R. , Möller A. , Plazas A. A. , Romer A. K. , Sanchez E. , Scarpine V. , Schubnell M. , Serrano S. , Smith M. , Smith R. C. , Soares-Santos M. , Sobreira F. , Suchyta E. , Swann E. , Swanson M. E. C. , Tarle G. , Tucker B. E. , Tucker D. L. , Vikram V.
Published: January 2020

Measurements of the physical properties of accretion disks in active galactic nuclei are important for better understanding the growth and evolution of supermassive black holes. We present the accretion disk sizes of 22 quasars from continuum reverberation mapping with data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) standard-star fields and the supernova C fields. We construct continuum light curves with the griz photometry that span five seasons of DES observations. These data sample the time variability of the quasars with a cadence as short as 1 day, which corresponds to a rest-frame cadence that is a factor of a few higher than most previous work. We derive time lags between bands with both JAVELIN and the interpolated cross-correlation function method and fit for accretion disk sizes using the JAVELIN thin-disk model. These new measurements include disks around black holes with masses as small as ∼107
M
⊙, which have equivalent sizes at 2500 Å as small as ∼0.1 lt-day in the rest frame. We find that most objects have accretion disk sizes consistent with the prediction of the standard thin-disk model when we take disk variability into account. We have also simulated the expected yield of accretion disk measurements under various observational scenarios for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Deep Drilling Fields. We find that the number of disk measurements would increase significantly if the default cadence is changed from 3 days to 2 days or 1 day.
A Retrograde Spin of the Black Hole in MAXI J1659–152
Authors: Rout Sandeep K. , Vadawale Santosh , Méndez Mariano
Published: January 2020

We present the results of spectral analysis of the galactic black hole binary MAXI J1659−152 in the rising phase of the outburst that lasted for about 65 days starting on 2010 September 25. The presence of a broad Fe line, verified by Monte Carlo simulations, and coverage of a wide energy band by utilizing the combined spectral capabilities of XMM-Newton/EPIC-pn and RXTE/PCA allowed us to use a combination of reflection spectroscopy and continuum fitting methods to estimate the spin of the black hole. We explored the entire parameter range allowed by the present uncertainties on black hole mass, inclination, and distance as well as the accretion rate. We show that for about 95% of parameter space and very reasonable upper limits on

, the spin of the black hole has to be negative. This is the first clear detection of negative spin in a galactic black hole binary.
Fish rubbings, ‘gyotaku’, as a source of historical biodiversity data
Authors: Miyazaki Yusuke , Murase Atsunobu
Published: January 2020

Methods for obtaining historical biodiversity information are mostly limited to examining museum specimens or surveying past literature. Such materials are sometimes time limited due to degradation, discarding, or other loss. The Japanese cultural art of ‘gyotaku’, which means “fish impression” or “fish rubbing” in English, captures accurate images of fish specimens, and has been used by recreational fishermen and artists since the Edo Period (the oldest known ‘gyotaku’ was made in 1839). ‘Gyotaku’ images often include distributional information, i.e., locality and sampling date. To determine the extent and usefulness of these data, field and questionnaire surveys targeting leisure fishing and boating stores were conducted in the following regions where threatened or extinct fishing targets exist (four regions including the northernmost to the southernmost regions). As a result, 261 ‘gyotaku’ rubbings were digitally copied with their owners’ consents. From these, distributional data were extracted for 218 individuals, which roughly represented regional fish faunas and common fishing targets. The peak number of ‘gyotaku’ stocked at the surveyed shops was made in 2002, while ones made before 1985 were much fewer. The number of ‘gyotaku’ rubbings made in recent years shows a recovery trend after 2011–2012. The present study demonstrates the validity of examining ‘gyotaku’ for historical biodiversity information.
Dysarthria in Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Fusick Adam J. , Wagner Sienna S. , Kamath Vandan D. , Stewart Jonathan T.
Published: January 2020

Speech and language difficulties have been reported in people with schizophrenia since the early 19th century, but they have been relatively poorly characterized. Research has mostly focused on pragmatics and the social aspects of communication, but changes in voice quality are common and can also interfere with intelligibility of speech, thus adding to the patient's disability. These changes in voice quality are not entirely related to effects of neuroleptics. A few common vocal characteristics have been identified; indeed, the most consistent vocal characteristic in people with schizophrenia may be the lack of consistent characteristics between patients. There has been little speculation about the etiology of vocal changes; they have been regarded as “neurological soft signs” indicative of mild central nervous system dysfunction but may be related to longstanding insensitivity to comprehension cues from the listener. Response to speech therapy in people with schizophrenia has been disappointing overall. We present three patients with schizophrenia and representative vocal changes, and we also discuss the sparse available literature available through the PubMed database. This may be a fruitful and relatively unexplored area of investigation with potential to substantially improve social interactions and quality of life for some patients with schizophrenia.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2020;50(1):33–37.]
Borderline Personality Disorder: Impact, Overlap, and Comorbidities
Authors: Iqbal Syed Z. , French-Rosas Lindsay Nicole , Banu Sophia , Han Jin Yong , Shah Asim A.
Published: January 2020

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with functional impairment, characterized by marked impulsivity, instability of mood, interpersonal relationship problems, and suicidal behaviors with high suicide rates. It affects interpersonal relationships in all domains including child rearing, which can be a challenge for parents with BPD. BPD may also lead to poor socioeconomic outcomes due to frequent job losses and lack of productivity; criminal behavior from impulsivity; and increased resource use, resulting in high health care treatment costs. BPD is comorbid with other mental health disorders; therefore, its identification and treatment are paramount for management. The clinical challenge centers on managing chronic suicidality. Treatment consists of various modalities, including psychotherapy and psychopharmacology.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2020;50(1):14–18.]
Evolution of Experiential Learning Opportunities for Nursing Students After Natural Disaster
Authors: Sickora Cindy , Salt Rebekah J. , Page Tracey Smith , Lee Wendy , Cantu Adelita G. , Lee Moonju , Schwab Karen Walker , Martinez Martha L. , Byrd David
Published: January 2020

Background:

Natural disasters, such as Hurricane Harvey, can provide unique hands-on learning experiences for nursing students.

Method:

The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio School of Nursing deployed teams of faculty and students to Rockport, Texas, two to three times per week to provide post-disaster relief following Hurricane Harvey. Each team included a minimum of 10 students and two faculty to provide primary care, prevention, and door-to-door canvassing. Nursing students provided physical examinations, urgent care, vaccines, first aid training, and education.

Results:

Across 6 months and more than 60 trips, over 200 students (supervised by 12 faculty) successfully delivered care to Rockport residents. This learning experience was invaluable for the nursing students, who expressed that “I felt like a real nurse” and “This is the best experience I have had since I decided to become a nurse.”

Conclusion:

This intervention highlights the potential of disaster relief as a unique hands-on educational experience for nursing students.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2020;59(1):30–33.]
Using Thermal Infrared Cameras to Detect Avian Chicks at Various Distances and Vegetative Coverages
Authors: Prosser Diann J. , Collier Tom , Sullivan Jeffery D. , Dale Katherine E. , Callahan Carl R. , McGowan Peter C. , Gaylord Edwin J. , Geschke Julia M. , Howell Lucas , Marban Paul R. , Raman Saba
Published: January 2020

Population monitoring of nesting waterbirds often involves frequent entries into the colony, but alternative methods such as local remotely sensed thermal imaging may help reduce disturbance while providing a cost-effective way to survey breeding populations. Such an approach can have high initial costs, however, which may have reduced the number of studies investigating functionality of paired thermal infrared camera and small unmanned aerial systems. Here, we take the first step of exploring the ability of two thermal infrared cameras to detect an avian chick under varying vegetative cover and distances, preceding field-mounting applications on a small unmanned aerial system. We created seven “bioboxes” to simulate a range of natural vegetation types and densities for a globally important colonial ground-nesting waterbird species, the common tern Sterna hirundo. We placed a juvenile chicken Gallus gallus (surrogate for the locally endangered common tern) in each box, and we tested two market-accessible infrared cameras (produced by FLIR Systems and Infrared Cameras, Inc.) at five elevations using a stationary boom (maximum height = 12 m). We applied computer-based digital thresholding to collected images, identifying pixels meeting one of seven threshold values. The chick was visible from at least one threshold value in 19 and 31 of 35 processed by the FLIR Systems and Infrared Cameras, respectively. Percentage of the chick identified across thresholds was generally highest at lower threshold values and elevations and decreased as elevation and threshold increased; however, the relative importance of each variable changed dramatically across bioboxes and camera types. Ability to detect a chick from processed images generally decreased with increasing elevation, and although we made no quantitative comparisons among boxes, detectability appeared greatest in images from both cameras when little or no vegetation was present. Interestingly, no single threshold value was best for all bioboxes. We observed notable differences between cameras including visual resolution of detected temperature differentials and image processing speed. Results of this controlled study show promise for the use of thermal infrared systems for detecting cryptic species in vegetation. Future research should work to combine thermal infrared and visual sensors with small unmanned aerial systems to test applicability in a mobile field application.
Challenge, Coordination, and Collaboration for Effective Rural Mobility Solutions
Authors: Pangbourne Kate
Published: January 2020

In this chapter, the author argues that mobility as a service (or MaaS) as a principal means of accessing transport may make it difficult to meet existing policy aims for sustainable mobility that addresses the climate change crisis and demographic trends. Strong governance will be needed to design MaaS for these challenges whilst addressing existing and future social injustices. Furthermore, without determined coordination, an inherent individualism at the heart of many current formulations of MaaS privileges urban areas with existing multimodal options and risks further excluding rural environments. Drawing on examples from Europe and beyond, concerns regarding the ability to assess unanticipated undesirable impacts of transport innovations that are MaaS-like in character are highlighted and discussed. How might authorities collaborate with each other and MaaS brokers to provide low carbon accessibility in rural areas?
Public Transport as a Provider of MaaS in Rural Areas
Authors: Olsson Lars E. , Friman Margareta
Published: January 2020

Mobility as a service (MaaS), in this case study, involves the integration of different travel modes into a mutual service that handles bookings and payments for individual trips. In this chapter, the authors discuss how a public transport authority has developed a MaaS for rural areas by integrating a public transport service with carpooling. The project's development, the platform's functionality, ideas for future development, and experiences of the service are analyzed from both a management and a user perspective. One overall conclusion reached is that public transport may very well develop and offer MaaS; however, there are a number of barriers to overcome concerning the legal aspects, changed travel behaviors, and density.
Innovative Mobility Solutions in Rural Areas With Case Studies
Authors: Gogola Marian , Sitányiová Dana
Published: January 2020

Rural areas still have some disadvantages in comparison to urban areas. Access to jobs, education, or health services provided for inhabitants in rural areas are limited. Another important topic is mobility, which is crucial to meet the travel expectations of inhabitants in rural areas. Finding new forms of mobility capable of covering all areas and meeting the requirements of rural inhabitants is the most important challenge. This chapter deals with mobility in rural areas from the perspective of demographics, social change, and accessibility to transport services. Moreover, this chapter offers various case studies dealing with innovative solutions for mobility in rural areas resulting from the RUMOBIL project.
Maintaining a Mature Workforce in the Nursing Profession
Authors: Sparkman Torrence E.
Published: January 2020

According to the U.S. Census, 19.6 million Americans, 19% of the workforce, will be 65 years old or more. The medical profession is not immune to the implications of an aging society. The trends towards an increasing geriatric population suggest that by 2030 a substantial gap in the number of health professionals needed will exist. In the United States alone, 3.5 million healthcare providers will be required to match the current balance of health workers to population. It is apparent that the dynamics of aging will impact the healthcare system and the wellbeing, recruitment, and retention of nurses. In order to address the emerging gaps, retention efforts should include both management and development-oriented interventions.
Flexural Wave Propagation of Double-Layered Graphene Sheets Based on the Hamiltonian System
Authors: Xu Cheng Hui , Hu Jing Jing , Rong Da Lun
Published: January 2020

Double-layered graphene sheets (DLGSs) as a new type of nanocomponents, with special mechanical, electrical and chemical properties, have the potential of being applied in the nanoelectro-mechanical systems (NEMS) and nanoopto-mechanical systems (NOMS). In DLGSs structure, the two graphene sheets are connected by van der Waals (vdW) interaction. Thus, it can exhibit two vibration modes during the propagation of the flexural wave, i.e., in-phase mode and anti-phase mode. Based on the Kirchhoff plate theory and the nonlocal elasticity theory, Hamiltonian equations of the DLGSs are established by introducing the symplectic dual variables. By solving the Hamiltonian equation, the dispersion relation of the flexural wave propagation of the DLGSs is obtained. The numerical calculation indicates that the bending frequency, phase velocity and group velocity of the in-phase mode and anti-phase mode for the DLGSs are closely related to the nonlocal parameters, the foundation moduli and the vdW forces. The research results will provide theoretical basis for the dynamic design of DLGSs in micro-nanofunctional devices.
The inquiline oak gall wasp (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) fauna from Colombia: new data and species
Authors: Lobato-Vila Irene , Caicedo Guadalupe , Rodríguez Pedro A. , Pujade-Villar Juli
Published: January 2020

A review of the current knowledge on the diversity of inquiline oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipinae) from Colombia is conducted for the first time. A new species,Synergus dawnusLobato-Vila and Pujade-Villar, is formally described and illustrated, and an undescribed specimen from the same genus is diagnosed and discussed. New biological, morphological, and distribution data of the only two previously known species from this country (Synergus colombianusNieves-Aldrey, 2005 andSynergus pedroiPujade-Villar, Lobato-Vila, and Fernández-Garzón, 2017), as well as an identification key to the Colombian species ofSynergusHartig, 1840, are provided. The morphological variability of the Colombian species ofSynergus, especially ofS. pedroi, is discussed.
Level of male involvement in selected maternal health interventions involving nursing mothers in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Obi Andrew , Onoriose Blessed , Adam Vincent , Tobin Ekaete , Osazee Kehinde , Eseigbe Efeomon
Published: January 2020

Nigeria contributes an estimated 19% of global pregnancy related mortalities. The involvement of men in maternal health interventions has immense implications for the uptake and thereby success of such interventions. This study assessed level of male involvement in selected maternal health interventions involving nursing mothers in Benin City, Edo State with a view to providing information to improve the implementation and success of these interventions. A descriptive facility based cross-sectional study design was carried out among two hundred and twenty nursing mothers attending selected immunization clinics in a health facility in Benin City, Edo State. Data were collected using pretested structured questionnaires and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 21.0 statistical software with statistical significance set at P<0.050. The mean (SD) age of male partners of nursing mothers studied was 38.1 (6.4) years. In relation to selected maternal interventions 205 (93.2%) registered for antenatal care (ANC), 159 (72.3%) attended postnatal care (PNC) while family planning uptake was 30 (13.6%). Furthermore, in relation to level of male involvement, 150 (68.2%) male partners paid for ANC registration, 143 (65.0%) accompanied spouse to delivery, 205 (93.2%) paid for delivery, 14 (8.8%) accompanied wife for PNC and 57 (34.5%) supported spouse uptake of family planning. The overall level of male involvement was good 113 (51.4%) among nursing mothers. This study identified that male involvement in selected maternal health interventions was good, in relation to male performance the highest being payment for delivery and least being postnatal care attendance. There is need to sustain and improve on the level of male involvement in relation to maternal health interventions to ensure better maternal and child health outcome in the study population.
LA CHIMICA E I BENI CULTURALI, UN CONNUBIO VINCENTE: STUDIO TECNOLOGICO DI CERAMICHE E VETRI ATTRAVERSO I SECOLI
Authors: Fermo Paola
Published: January 2020

In the field of the researches concerning the characterization, conservation and restoration of cultural heritage, as well as the objects manufacturing techniques, it is essential to use diagnostic methods that are referred to as archaeometric techniques. Archaeometry (which measures what is ancient) deals with the scientific study, carried out by laboratory analyses, of ancient materials and objects with the aim to deep the knowledge of historical, archaeological, artistic and technological aspects. In the field of the study of ceramic artefacts, the case of Italian Renaissance ceramics decorated with the luster technique is particularly interesting; luster is an iridescent metallic film of gold or ruby red color obtained from silver and copper in the form nanoparticles using a very sophisticated technique that testifies to the extremely advanced knowledge possessed by the ancient potters.
A RELATIVISTIC MODEL OF THE GALACTIC ROTATION
Authors: Loinger Angelo , Marsico Tiziana
Published: January 2020

We prove with a general-relativistic model that the Dark Matter can be substituted by a gravitational-rotational force. To be determinate, we have considered the instance of theMilky Way.
High velocity gunshot wounds of the chest
Authors: Le Roux B. T.
Published: January 2020

Die effekte van misiele varieer met spoed en tipe, massa en vlugeienskappe. Nie slegs die grootte nie, maar die gepaardgaande skokgolwe en tydelike kavitasie veroorsaak letterlik ontploffende vernietiging van longweefsel.
Pressure sores: Causation and cost, biomechanics and prevention
Authors: Manley M. T.
Published: January 2020

No abstract available.
Industrial/ occupational physiotherapy: A new challenge
Authors: Jaholkowski M. J.
Published: January 2020

No abstract available.
The physiotherapy of flexor tendon injuries to the hand
Authors: Du Plessis J.
Published: January 2020

No abstract available.
Activities of the S.A society of physiotherapy: April-October 1978
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: January 2020

No abstract available.
Abstracts
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: January 2020

No abstract available.
Controlled trials of physiotherapy
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: January 2020

No abstract available.
Francophone History and its Effects in the Arabs World
Authors: Latifah Al-Ma'yuf Latifah Al-Ma'yuf
Published: January 2020

Francophone represents one of the methods of alienation and subordination which was carried out in the Arab’s world. It has gone through several stages and different styles, which began with the protection of Christians minority in the Levant (in the eighteenth century during the Ottoman rule), then it ended with the colonial military invasion of the Maghreb. Francophone worked towards the capture of the sources and resources of the Arab nations, and worked towards obliteration of the Arabian Islamic identity. After the liberalization of the Arab countries from military occupation, Francophone continued the abuse of the Arabs. However, the methodology of Francophone was defeated in the Arab’s world, but it left behind its existence serious effects, (for instance on the Arabic language, education and culture).
Sometimes hard to swallow: Attempted feeding on a porcupinefish results in death of both predator and prey
Authors: Shepherd Bart , Pinheiro Hudson T. , Rocha Luiz A.
Published: January 2020

Predator-prey relationships are critical components of population dynamics across all ecosystems. Interactions between predators and dangerous prey are especially likely to result in a co-evolutionary arms race. To avoid predation, porcupinefishes (Diodontidae) present a suite of physical and chemical defences, including spines, inflation, and the potent neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin, which is concentrated in the internal organs. A failed predation attempt is described here on a longspined porcupinefish, Diodon holocanthus, by a benthopelagic predator, Carangoides fulvoguttatus, resulting in the death of both the predator and the prey.
How do diamonds grow in metal melt together with silicate minerals? An experimental study of diamond morphology
Authors: Chepurov Aleksei , Sonin Valery , Dereppe Jean-Marie , Zhimulev Egor , Chepurov Anatoly
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The origin and evolution of metal melts in the Earth's mantle and
their role in the formation of diamond are the subject of active discussion.
It is widely accepted that portions of metal melts in the form of
pockets can be a suitable medium for diamond growth. This raises
questions about the role of silicate minerals that form the walls of these
pockets and are present in the volume of the metal melt during the
growth of diamonds. The aim of the present work was to study the
crystallization of diamond in a complex heterogeneous system: metal-melt–basalt–carbon. The experiments were performed using a multianvil
high-pressure apparatus of split-sphere type (BARS) at a pressure of 5.5 GPa and a temperature of 1500 ∘C. The results demonstrated
crystallization of diamond in metal melt together with garnet and
clinopyroxene, whose chemical compositions are similar to those of eclogitic
inclusions in natural diamond. We show that the presence of silicates in the
crystallization medium does not reduce the chemical ability of metal melts
to catalyze the conversion of graphite into diamond, and, morphologically,
diamond crystallizes mainly in the form of a cuboctahedron. When the content
of the silicate material in the system exceeds 5 wt %, diamond forms
parallel-growth aggregates, but 15 wt % of silicate phases block the
crystallization chamber, preventing the penetration of metallic melt into
them, thus interrupting the growth of diamond. We infer that the studied
mechanism of diamond crystallization can occur at lower-mantle conditions
but could also have taken place in the ancient continental mantle of the
Earth, under reducing conditions that allowed the stability of Fe–Ni melts.
A robust objective function for calibration of groundwater models in light of deficiencies of model structure and observations
Authors: Schneider Raphael , Henriksen Hans Jørgen , Stisen Simon
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Groundwater models require parameter optimization based on the minimization of objective functions describing, for example, the residual between observed and simulated groundwater head. At larger scales, constraining these models requires large datasets of groundwater head observations, due to the size of the inverse problem. These observations are typically only available from databases comprised of varying quality data from a variety of sources and will be associated with unknown observational uncertainty. At the same time the model structure, especially the hydrogeological description, will inevitably be a simplification of the complex natural system. As a result, calibration of groundwater models often results in parameter compensation for model structural deficiency. This problem can be amplified by the application of common squared error-based performance criteria, which are most sensitive to the largest errors. We assume that the residuals that remain large during the optimization process likely do so because of either model structural error or observation error. Based on this assumption it is desirable to design an objective function that is less sensitive to these large residuals of low probability, and instead favours the majority of observations that can fit the given model structure. We suggest a Continuous Ranked Probability Score (CRPS) based objective function that limits the influence of large residuals in the optimization process as the metric puts more emphasis on the position of the residual along the cumulative distribution function than on the magnitude of the residual. The CRPS-based objective function was applied in two regional scale coupled surface-groundwater models and compared to calibrations using conventional sum of absolute and squared errors. The optimization tests illustrated that the novel CRPS-based objective function successfully limited the dominance of large residuals in the optimization process and consistently reduced overall bias. Furthermore, it highlighted areas in the model where the structural model should be revisited.
A multi-environmental tracer study to determine groundwater residence times and recharge in a structurally complex multi-aquifer system
Authors: Wilske Cornelia , Suckow Axel , Mallast Ulf , Meier Christiane , Merchel Silke , Merkel Broder , Pavetich Stefan , Rödiger Tino , Rugel Georg , Sachse Agnes , Weise Stephan M. , Siebert Christian
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Despite being the main drinking water resource for over 5 million people, the water balance of the Eastern Mountain Aquifer system on the western side of the Dead Sea is poorly understood. The regional aquifer consists of fractured and karstified limestone – aquifers of Cretaceous age, and it can be separated into a Cenomanian aquifer (upper aquifer) and Albian aquifer (lower aquifer). Both aquifers are exposed along the mountain ridge around Jerusalem, which is the main recharge area. From here, the recharged groundwater flows in a highly karstified aquifer system towards the east and discharges in springs in the lower Jordan Valley and Dead Sea region. We investigated the Eastern Mountain Aquifer system for groundwater flow, groundwater age and potential mixtures, and groundwater recharge. We combined 36Cl ∕ Cl, tritium, and the anthropogenic gases
SF6, CFC-12 (chlorofluorocarbon) and CFC-11, while using CFC-113 as “dating” tracers to estimate the young water components inside the Eastern Mountain Aquifer system. By
application of lumped parameter models, we verified young groundwater
components from the last 10 to 30 years and an admixture of a groundwater
component older than about 70 years. Concentrations of nitrate,
simazine (pesticide), acesulfame K (ACE-K; artificial sweetener) and naproxen (NAP; drug) in the groundwater were further indications of infiltration during the last 30 years. The combination of multiple environmental tracers and lumped parameter modelling helped to understand the groundwater age distribution and to estimate recharge despite scarce data in this very complex hydrogeological setting. Our groundwater recharge rates support groundwater management of this politically difficult area and can be used to inform and calibrate ongoing groundwater flow models.
Recent Publications
Authors: Attig John C
Published: January 2020

A list of 137 works related to Locke, published between 2017 and 2019 and added to the John Locke Bibliography since the Recent Publications on Locke published in Locke Studies vol. 18.
Shakespeare’s Globe Archive
Authors: Badics Joe
Published: January 2020

“You don’t come to sit at a play, you sit in a play.” This was Ralph Cohen’s comment about the new Globe Theatre to his friend, Patrick Spottisowoode, Director of Globe Education. This endeavor to capture the intimacy of the live theatre as it occurred during
Shakespeare’s time is a tribute as well a labor of love. The history of the design and construction era, 1970-1997, and the first 20 years of productions, 1997-2016, have been digitally preserved as an educational resource. The collection includes oral histories, architectural records,
essays, programmes, prompt books, annual reports, Around the Globe magazine, and architectural and performance photographs.
American Historical Periodicals
Authors: Danowitz Erica Swenson
Published: January 2020

American Historical Periodicals is a one-time purchase database that provides digitized full-text content from a wide-range of American periodicals published between the seventeenth and twentieth centuries. The original documents found in this resource are located in the American Antiquarian
Society’s collection. It contains 7,049 total publications and 9,140,663 full-text documents in a variety of disciplines. This resource offers online access to both rare and more popular titles that in the past would have required a visit to a physical archive to view. The documents
found in this database offer a glimpse of a bygone time that users can peruse online at their convenience. The comprehensive content will support the research needs of faculty, genealogists, undergraduate and graduate students.
Translating Illocutionary Acts Implied in the Verb "know" (يَعْلَمُونَ) /yAAlamoon/ in the Translation of Meaning of the Glorious Quran
Authors: Mustafa Abdelrahman Mhmoud Abdelrahman
Published: January 2020

The current study aims at investigating the verb "know" (يَعْلَمُونَ) /yAAlamoon/ in the translation of meaning of the Glorious Quran by Yusuf Ali, and exploring types and functions of illocutionary acts implied in the verb. The study claims that Quran translators face difficulties in rendering the implied meaning of the verb "know" (يَعْلَمُونَ) /yAAlamoon/. The qualitative method has been adopted to analyze the content of the investigated verses. The results and discussion revealed the types and functions as well as the difficulties face translators when they translate the implied meaning of illocutionary acts.
Accidents in Iraq during the period of conflict (2003–2016)
Authors: Hussain Ashraf MA , Lafta Riyadh K
Published: January 2020

Background: Injuries are increasingly recognized as a major component of the global burden of disease, as they tend to affect mainly youth and are usually followed by premature death or severe disability. The longstanding conflict in Iraq has resulted in a situation of continuous violence and ongoing instability, which has in turn led to an increasing incidence of injuries and a crippled health system. Objective: To sketch a trend of non-military accidents in Iraq (road traffic accidents [RTA], falls, burns, firearm injuries, assaults by sharp objects and sexual assaults) among civilians during the last 14 years associated with the period of conflict (2003–2016). Methods: This descriptive study was conducted during the period from January 1st through to December 31st, 2017 using already available surveillance data from the Ministry of Health in Iraq. The methodology was based on measuring the incidence of each accident for the period from 2003 through 2016 and plotting it against time. Linear regression was computed to estimate the trends of the disease. Results: The rate of RTAs significantly increased between 2003 and 2016, from 1.85 to 2.9 per 1000 (p ≤ 0.01), as did accidental falls especially after 2008 (males more than females) (p ≤ 0.01). By contrast, after a peak in 2011, burns dropped significantly from 4.19 to 3.42/1000, along with firearm accidents, which fell from 2.2/1000 in 2007 to 0.39 in 2016 (p ≤ 0.01), mostly among males. Assaults with sharp objects also decreased with time to a rate of 0.47/1000 (p = 0.0001). Sexual assaults showed a significant downward sloping trend over time to p = 0.037. Conclusion: Accidents still add a burden on the already deteriorated Iraqi health system. Understanding the impact of this burden is essential to better prepare for future plans and interventions that may help improve the quality of health services.