bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Usability problems and literacy of online maps
Authors: Murakosshi Shin , Mitsushita Kenta
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The purpose of the current research is to identify usability problems of online maps and examine literacy complementary to the problems from a viewpoint of real-world problem solving discussed in Saeki (1988) and Harada (1997). In an experiment, a route search task and a task to select a safer place to live in by using hazard maps and a security map were given to seven students, a researcher of geography and two researchers of natural disaster prevention. As a result, 62 usability problems were identified at three levels: operation/perception load, understanding operation and display, and formation of operational intention and practical interpretation. The use of existing knowledge and strategies for smooth problem solving were also found. Online map literacy was discussed based on the results.
Projecting emotions from artworks to maps using neural style transfer
Authors: Bogucka Edyta P. , Meng Liqiu
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Recent advances in deep learning have facilitated the exchange of styles and textures between input images to create unique synthesised outputs. This paper assesses the applicability of neural style transfer to cartography and evaluates to what degree emotions attached to input images can be preserved in maps co-created by human and algorithm. As a source of emotions we utilized personal paintings created during a workshop with international artists at the School of Machines, Making & Make-Believe in August 2018. The neural style transfer was used as a tool to transfer the characteristics of the artworks onto the map. Differences in emotion perception between human-made textures and generated maps were assessed with an online survey completed by 1187 users. The results confirmed that emotional descriptions remain the same before and after the procedure of neural style transfer. The users perceived artificially generated maps as interesting and visually pleasing artefacts. Artworks with variety of line, point and surface depictions were the most suitable algorithm inputs and achieved better visual results in representing the map content. After analysing the neural style transfer technique and identifying its limitations for cartographic style and map content, we conclude with plausible directions for future research.
Some Considerations to Improve the General Feature Model and General Portrayal Model in Gittok
Authors: Ota Morishige
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The general feature model (GFM) and the general portrayal model (GPM) are defined in the geospatial information technology learning assistance tool called gittok. This paper introduces five proposals to integrate different types of features and associations in the GFM and GPM: 1) the extensional-schematization procedure enables to formulate application schemata by specifying its extension, that is, every object that falls under the screening guideline; 2) nongeographic feature type may be included in the application schema; 3) feature association type can be geographic or nongeographic in a similar way as feature type; 4) nongeographic features and/or associations can be represented as a one-dimensional map or list; 5) representation by the copy of the portrayal declaration associating with a super feature type to avoid duplication should be possible. These proposals will expand the discipline of geospatial information technology (GIT).
Iceberg topography and volume classification using TanDEM-X interferometry
Authors: Dammann Dyre O. , Eriksson Leif E. B. , Nghiem Son V. , Pettit Erin C. , Kurtz Nathan T. , Sonntag John G. , Busche Thomas E. , Meyer Franz J. , Mahoney Andrew R.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Icebergs in polar regions affect water salinity, alter
marine habitats, and impose serious hazards on maritime operations and
navigation. These impacts mainly depend on the iceberg volume, which remains
an elusive parameter to measure. We investigate the capability of TanDEM-X
bistatic single-pass synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) to
derive iceberg subaerial morphology and infer total volume. We cross-verify
InSAR results with Operation IceBridge (OIB) data acquired near Wordie Bay,
Antarctica, as part of the OIB/TanDEM-X Antarctic Science Campaign (OTASC).
While icebergs are typically classified according to size based on length or
maximum height, we develop a new volumetric classification approach for
applications where iceberg volume is relevant. For icebergs with heights
exceeding 5 m, we find iceberg volumes derived from TanDEM-X and OIB data
match within 7 %. We also derive a range of possible iceberg keel depths
relevant to grounding and potential impacts on subsea installations. These
results suggest that TanDEM-X could pave the way for future single-pass
interferometric systems for scientific and operational iceberg mapping and
classification based on iceberg volume and keel depth.
Reseña/Review (Hester, Helen “Xenofeminismo. Tecnologías de género y políticas de reproducción”, Buenos Aires: Editorial Caja Negra, ISBN: 978-987-1622-66-5, págs. 144, 2018)
Authors: Medina-Vicent María
Published: July 2019

Reseña/Review (Hester, Helen “Xenofeminismo. Tecnologías de género y políticas de reproducción”, Buenos Aires: Editorial Caja Negra, ISBN: 978-987-1622-66-5, págs. 144, 2018)
The Kidd Creek Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Deposit—An Update
Authors: Hannington Mark D. , Gemmell Thomas , Monecke Thomas
Published: July 2019

The Kidd Creek massive sulfide deposit is one of the world’s largest and highest grade Cu-Zn deposits, with total past production, reserves, and resources to the 9,800-ft level (2,990 m) of 170.9 million tonnes (Mt). The discovery hole, K55-1, was drilled in 1963 and encountered ore at a depth of only 7 m. It intersected 190 m grading 1.21% Cu, 8.5% Zn, 0.8% Pb, and 138 g/t Ag. The deepest ore intersection at 10,200 ft (more than 3,100 m) cut 442 m of mineralization with an average grade of 1.16% Cu, 7.8% Zn, 0.73% Pb, and 84 g/t Ag, remarkably similar to the very first ore intersected 44 years earlier and nearly 3 km above the bottom of the mine. After 50 years of continuous mining (1966–2016), the deposit has produced a total of 140.4 Mt of ore at grades of 2.29% Cu, 6.15% Zn, 0.22% Pb, and 86.2 g/t Ag, worth an estimated US$50 billion. The contained metal (3.8 Mt of Cu, 10.5 Mt of Zn, 0.38 Mt of Pb, and 12.7 million kg of Ag) accounts for nearly one-third of all metal in Archean Cu-Zn massive sulfide deposits worldwide. At the time of writing, production had reached a depth of 9,500 ft (2,896 m), and because of the remarkable continuity of both the tonnage and grade, mining below 9,800 ft (2,990 m) is now being planned to increase the mine life to 2021. It is currently the deepest base metal mine in the world, and after more than 1.8 million meters of drilling (1,800 km), the deposit remains open at depth.
Chinese Learners of Portuguese and Spanish Majors in Macau: A Comparative Case-Study of Motivation Aspects
Authors: Kharlay Oksana , Bagheri Martin , Philips Jeremy D.
Published: July 2019

This study investigated multiple learning motivation aspects of Chinese university students in Macau majoring in Spanish and Portuguese. A mixed methods research was employed by using questionnaires and interviews. 181 learners (96 Portuguese and 85 Spanish majors) were surveyed about ten language-learning motivation dimensions by using a questionnaire. A subset of participants from questionnaires were later given follow-up interviews. Quantitative and qualitative data indicated that the students in these majors had strong intrinsic motivation but limited integrative motivation towards the target language community. Other motivational pull-factors were the heritage connection between the language and the place of study and interest in the pop-culture associated related to the target language. Students reported a decline in motivation during the middle years of study, however, Spanish students’ interest resurged by the end of year three. There was also a gender imbalance, suggesting that career-related aspects of motivations were stronger among males. The results also revealed that language learners had an ideal-self that was multilingual and cosmopolitan but did not aspire to integrate into a specific target-language community.
De achterkant van het openbaar bod
Authors: Barneveld J.
Published: July 2019

De achterkant van het openbaar bod. Over de opkomst, ontwikkeling en normering van de pre-wired back-end

Pre-wired back-end structuren zijn in de overnamepraktijk ontwikkeld om na een openbaar bod tot 100% controle te komen. In dit artikel staan de opkomst en normering van die structuren centraal. Daarbij wordt bijzondere aandacht besteed aan de market practice om back-end-transacties aan additionele voorwaarden te onderwerpen.
Horizontal tensional stress and mountain development : In example of Gilbert Range and Khuren Khanan Range, Mongolia
Authors: Ganbaatar Sanjaa
Published: July 2019

Results of analysis of schematic geological cross section constructed using satellite image interpretation and 1:200 000 scale geological map through the Tavan Zagiin Khooloi, Gilbert Range, Dund Goliin Khooloi and Khuren Khanan Range are represented in this paper. Our results show that within the above mentioned mountain ranges decollement faults formed due to S to N trending tensional tectonic stress and, moreover, numerous thrust and back-thrust faults formed perpendicular to them. SW-NE, N-S trending tensional stresses are dominant in the western part of Mongolia and northwestern part of China. Interaction forces opposing them are the circumstances of forming new thrust faults in the Tavan Zagiin Khooloi and Dund Goliin Khooloi. Along the existing thrust faults, the Gilbert Range and Khuren Khanan Range were formed. Mountain blocks were uplifted due to the back-thrust faults and crustal thickening took place. As a result of horizontal tensional stress, the mountain development and shortening occurred.

Хэвтээ чиглэлтэй хүчний үйлчлэл ба уул үүсэх хөдөлгөөн: Гилбэртийн нуруу, Хүрэн ханангийн нурууны жишээн дээр

Хураангуй: Таван загийн хоолой, Гилбэртийн нуруу, Дунд голын хоолой, Хүрэн ханангийн нурууг хамарсан, тэдгээрт хөндлөн буюу өргөргийн дагуу чиглэлтэй геологийн тойм зүсэлтийг сансрын зургийн тайлал, 200000 масштабтай геологийн зургууд ашиглан хийсэн ажлын үр дүнг энд үзүүлсэн болно. Геологийн тойм зүсэлтээр дээрх нэр бүхий газруудад У-Х хэвтээ чиглэлтэй шахах тектоник хүчний үйлчлэлээс үүссэн деколлемент хагарал, түүнд хөндлөн чиглэлтэй үүсч буй олон тооны тохролтот болон эсрэг тохролтот хагарлуудын үйлчлэл хэрхэн нөлөөлж байгааг тайлбарласан үр дүнг толилуулж байна. Манай орны баруун хагас, Хятадын баруун хойд хэсэгт БУ-ЗХ, У-Х чиглэсэн хэвтээ чиглэлтэй тектоник хүч, харин түүний эсрэг үйлчлэх тулах хүчнүүдийн харилцан үйлчлэлээс үүдэн Таван загийн хоолой, Дунд голын хоолойд шинээр тохролууд үүсч байгаа бол Гилбэрт, Хүрэн ханангийн нуруунд өмнө нь үүссэн тохролуудын дагуу хавтангууд бие биенийхээ дээгүүр давхралдах, эсрэг тохролтот хагарлаар хавтангууд дээш шахагдан гарснаар уул, нурууд улам өндөрсөж, тасралтат хавтан улам зузаарч байна. Хэвтээ чиглэлтэй шахах хүчний үйлчлэлийн үр дүнд агшилт явагдаж, өөр хоорондоо ойртож, өндөрсөж байна.

Түлхүүр үг: тохролтот хагарал, эсрэг тохролтот хагарал, Таван загийн хоолой, Дунд голын хоолой
Inframundo en Guatemala: guerra, mitos e identidad
Authors: Navarrete Quan Yosahandi
Published: July 2019

En este artículo se señala cómo la tradición, los mitos y ritos presentes en las novelas La hija del Pumay Antes de la Luzfuncionan como instrumentos de resistencia, cohesión e identidad de dos jóvenes indígenas en el escenario caótico de la violencia y el exilio provocados durante el conflicto armado guatemalteco, ocurrido en la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Estas novelas recrean la cosmovisión maya y destacan la importancia de elementos clave de su cultura, como los espacios sagrados, los relatos ancestrales y
Medusario como modelo de poética auto-organizada: hacia una mitología del lenguaje
Authors: Aguirre Martínez Guillermo
Published: July 2019

El siguiente texto presenta una serie de reflexiones en torno al ideario expuesto, dos décadas atrás, en el compendio poético Medusario. Se comentarán, en este sentido, las posibilidades de dicho ideario con vistas a la conformación de una estética apta para colmar las aspiraciones existenciales del sujeto moderno.
Historia, mito y utopía: identidades mitopoéticas en la poesía chilena
Authors: Nómez Naín
Published: July 2019

El mito aparece en los inicios de la vida humana como narración o ficción, como explicación del orden natural o como mitopoiesis o creación consciente de donde extrae su material la literatura para crear una especie de mitología “privada”. A partir de aquí, este trabajo explora la reformulación crítica de los mitos fundacionales en relación a la historia latinoamericana y chilena y su refundación heroica o degradada, utópica y distópica, real o simbólica. Desde la reescritura mítico-histórica de los poetas Pablo Neruda y Pablo de Rokha, se analizan someramente las representaciones que hacen de las identidades mitopoéticas otros poetas del siglo XX como Nicanor Parra, Enrique Lihn, Jorge Teillier, Efraín Barquero, Gonzalo Millán, Raúl Zurita y Elvira Hernández.
Ciudad, terror y mito: la concepción del gótico literario desde el mito prehispánico en los cuentos La llorona de Artemio del Valle-Arizpe, La Fiesta brava de José Emilio Pacheco y Año cero de Bernardo Esquinca
Authors: Calvo Karen Alejandra
Published: July 2019

Esta lectura busca confirmar el vínculo entre el mito prehispánico y las modalidades de lo fantástico y lo gótico en los relatos mexicanos “La llorona” (1936) de Artemio del Valle-Arizpe, “La fiesta brava” (1972) de José Emilio Pacheco y “Año cero” (2010) de Bernardo Esquinca. A partir de la categoría denominada “gótico mítico prehispánico” se analiza el eje de terror unido a la dimensión simbólica explícita en los motivos míticos y la cosmovisión amerindia. La categoría propuesta justifica la presencia del mito prehispánico como originador y organizador de la materia literaria de los cuentos seleccionados y establece, a partir de ellos, una conexión con otros textos latinoamericanos que comparten esta misma visión estética.
Mito, violencia y necroescrituras en Señales que precederán al fin del mundo de Yuri Herrera
Authors: Iñiguez Rodríguez Edgardo
Published: July 2019

En Señales que precederán al fin del mundo (2009) de Yuri Herrera, el viaje de la protagonista es una representación del descenso al Mictlán. Aunado a esto, la novela se articula sobre mitos del origen frío y de unidad caótica que caracterizaban el Universo nahua. El objetivo del presente trabajo es mostrar la relación entre aspectos de mitos prehispánicos y la violencia que se teje como telón de fondo en el texto. La reformulación del relato de raigambre mítica apunta hacia una presencia normalizada de la muerte en la actualidad mexicana. Por tal motivo, la obra podría analizarse a partir del concepto necroescrituras.
WYSTĘPOWANIE OSUTKI WIOSENNEJ SOSNY W WYBRANYCH NADLEŚNICTWACH RDLP W SZCZECINIE W LATACH 2008-2016
Authors: Hałuszczak Maciej
Published: July 2019

The aim of this work was to show the scale of occurrence of the Scots pine assimilation apparatus disease, spring rape, in the area of RDLP in Szczecin and submission of the collected results for the years 2008-2016 to a multifaceted analysis. The spring peat of pine is an important disease of crops and young trees in the Międzychód Forest District. The potential threat is registered in the Bogdaniec, Gryfice and Międzyrzecz Forest Districts. The Forest Districts of Choszczno, Głusko, Karwin, Myślibórz and Różańsko did not find any damages to the rash of spring pine in the period indicated. Analyzing the data provided, it is possible to describe the characteristics of the damaged areas within the RDSF Forest Districts in Szczecin: Scots pine aged 4.61 years on an area of 1.58 ha in 1.71 damage.
Comparison and Discrimination of Artemisia argyi and Artemisia lavandulifolia by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomic Approach
Authors: Guo Long , Zhang Dan , Wang Lei , Xue Zijing , Guo Mei , Duan Li , Zheng Yuguang
Published: July 2019

Background: Artemisia argyi and A. lavandulifolia are two morphologically similar herbal medicines derived from the Artemisia genus. Although the two Artemisia herbs have been used as herbal medicines for a long time, studies on their phytochemicals and bioactive
compositions are still limited, and no research has been devoted to compare the volatile compounds in A. argyi and A. lavandulifolia. Objective: To compare the volatile constituents in A. argyi and A. lavandulifolia and to explore chemical markers for discrimination
and quality evaluation of the two Artemisia herbal medicines. Methods: A GC-MS-based metabolomic approach was employed to compare and discriminate A. argyi and A. lavandulifolia from the aspect of volatile compounds. Multivariate statistical methods, including principal
component analysis and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminate analysis, were applied to explore chemical markers for discrimination of the two Artemisia herbal medicines. Results: Thirty volatile compounds were identified, and the chemical profiles of volatile compounds
in A. argyi and A. lavandulifolia were quite similar. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis results indicated that the two Artemisia herbal medicines could be distinguished effectively from each other. Ten volatile compounds
were selected as potential chemical markers for discrimination of the two Artemisia herbal medicines. Conclusions: The GC-MS-based metabolomics could be an acceptable strategy for comparison and discrimination of A. argyi and A. lavandulifolia as well as authentication
of herbal medicines derived from other closely related species. Highlights: GC-MS based metabolomic approach was firstly applied to compare and discriminate Artemisia argyi and Artemisia lavandulifolia.
Challenging Underlying Assumptions of Wrongful Birth
Authors: Bringman Jay ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: July 2019

The concept of wrongful birth, which is based on the premise that a person would have been better off never having been born, is a serious mat­ter for Catholic obstetricians, especially in the context of prenatal screening. This principle, in conjuncture with the belief that individuals with disabilities have a decreased quality of life, has been used to promote a eugenic mentality. Consequently, prenatal screening tests often are used to identify fetuses with disabilities, who subsequently are aborted. Not only is this practice ethically reprehensible, but its presuppositions about quality of life find little support in the medical literature. In fact, in the case of Down syndrome, there is consider­able evidence to the contrary: individuals living with Down syndrome have a high quality of life and are accepted by their families. These data illuminate the discrepancy between how physicians portray Down syndrome to expect­ant parents and what the literature shows regarding this condition.
Conflict between Autonomy and Beneficence in Adolescent End-of-Life Decision Making
Authors: Hoehn K. Sarah ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: July 2019

The ethics of adolescent decision making is a complicated mine­field with laws that vary from state to state. The case of a fourteen-year-old girl, who simultaneously was diagnosed with cancer and discovered she was pregnant, highlights several weaknesses in our current approach to adolescent decision making in the context of pregnancy. In addition, adolescents with life-limiting conditions face similar challenges that can be examined through the framework of Catholic doctrine.
A filosofia na reforma curricular do Ensino Médio pós LDB: habilidades e competências na formação para a cidadania
Authors: Fávero Altair Alberto , Kapczynski Ana Lucia
Published: July 2019

A necessidade de caracterizar a filosofia como disciplina escolar motivou esta pesquisa documental em torno do planejamento curricular, com enfoque na seleção dos conteúdos mínimos para a base nacional comum. Nosso objetivo é compreender as diretrizes para o ensino de filosofia previsto pela reforma curricular no Ensino Médio em contextos de transição da formação instrumental científico-tecnológica, de caráter elitista e propedêutico, para a formação cidadã baseada nos ideais de humanismo e diversidade. Para tanto nos baseamos especificamente nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais de 1999. Nesse período entrou em cena a universalização do Ensino Médio com a proposta de formação geral em substituição à educação técnica por especialidades. Priorizou-se o desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências em quatro grandes áreas, incluindo as linguagens e seus códigos, os conhecimentos de matemática e as ciências Naturais e Humanas. A flexibilidade e a contextualização elevaram a seleção dos conteúdos ao segundo plano, relegando à filosofia o caráter interdisciplinar para o diálogo com a ciência e a tecnologia, ao desenvolvimento da leitura, da problematização, da análise e da escrita a partir das dimensões ética (identidade autônoma), estética (sensibilidade) e política (equidade e democracia).
MODA INCLUSIVA: TECNOLOGIAS ASSISTIVAS EM PROCESSO DE ENSINO APRENDIZAGEM
Authors:   UFSC, Aguiar Grazyella Oliveira de
Published: July 2019

O presente trabalho é o relato de resultados de uma disciplina do Curso de Engenharia Têxtil, da UFSC, campus Blumenau. O projeto foi desenvolvido em parceria com a Associação de Cegos do Vale do Itajaí (ACEVALI) e teve como objetivo central desenvolver subprojetos de tecnologias assistivas com base na interação social. Um dos resultados foi o desenvolvimento dos uniformes do time do goalball.
DISCUSSÕES SOBRE MODA INCLUSIVA EM FORTALEZA-CEARÁ
Authors:   Universidade de Fortaleza, Martins Fernanda Cristina Castelo de Lima , Teixeira Maria Fabíola Fonseca Mourão ,   Universidade de Fortaleza, Filgueiras Araguacy Paixão Almeida ,   Universidade Federal do Ceará
Published: July 2019

A ação de extensão Seminário Moda Inclusiva 2017 buscou ampliar as discussões sobre moda e deficiência, aprofundando as possibilidades do binômio Moda e Design com o propósito de contribuir para a melhor qualidade de vida de Pessoas com Deficiência (PCDs) considerando aspectos como ergonomia, beleza e conforto.
REFORMAS CURRICULARES NO CURSO DE ARTES VISUAIS DA UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DE SANTA CATARINA – UDESC
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC, Correia Paula Rodrigues , Rebelatto Tatiane
Published: July 2019

Diante da proposta de reforma curricular que se pretende fazer nos cursos de Artes Visuais da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, buscou-se entrevistar uma das professoras do Núcleo Docente Estruturante do curso de graduação para comentar sobre essa proposta, bem como explicar os objetivos e desafios enfrentados na reforma que ocorreu em 2008. A entrevistada: Sandra Fávero, artista visual e professora, concedeu gentilmente a entrevista ressaltando a importância de se pensar no artista-professor que se quer formar.
Hospedagem verde: práticas ambientais adotadas em hotel certificado pela ISO 14001
Authors: Lyra Jéssica Morais Braga , Barbosa Maria de Fátima Nóbrega
Published: July 2019

O presente trabalho compreende um estudo qualitativo que objetiva apresentar as principais práticas ambientais adotadas em um Hotel, situado em João Pessoa, Paraíba, na beira mar da praia de Manaíra. O empreendimento já surgiu com o intuito de ser sustentável e optou pela cidade litorânea, visto que na época da instalação era considerada a capital mais arborizada do Brasil. Na pesquisa foram consultados colaboradores da empresa que possuem cargos de gestor e analista, trabalham há mais de três anos e atuam no setor ambiental da mesma, apresentando conhecimento na temática. Além disso, também foi utilizado a técnica de observação in loco, visitas técnicas e consulta às mídias digitais que expõem informações precisas e contribuiu para o atendimento aos objetivos dessa pesquisa. Com base nas comunicações, visitas e coleta de informes, foi possível perceber as atividades que são realizadas rotineiramente na organização, que são parte do seu programa de Gestão Ambiental. Constatou-se que o empreendimento insere na sua cultura a boa conduta ambiental, buscando engajar toda a empresa nesse propósito, assim como, hóspedes e comunidade. O hotel utiliza muitas ferramentas para respaldar as práticas ambientais dentro do empreendimento e viabiliza ao seu corpo funcional o preparo para atender a essa nova expectativa de mercado.
Estado da produção científica internacional em Born Globals
Authors: Berchin Issa Ibrahim , Silva Alexsandro da , Martignago Graciella , Xavier Wlamir Gonçalves , Santos Dias Ana Barbara Silveira Mendonça , Andrade Guerra José Baltazar Salgueirinho Osorio de
Published: July 2019

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar o estado da arte da produção científica internacional sobre “born globals”. Para isso, um procedimento metodológico bibliométrico foi adotado para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, baseado em periódicos científicos internacionais presentes nas bases de dados Science Direct, Web of Science e EBSCO. Como objetivos específicos, pretende-se identificar os estudos mais relevantes sobre o tema, verificar qual a contribuição desses estudos para o avanço do conhecimento sobre a estratégias de internacionalização de empresas e identificar os autores, revistas e artigos mais relevantes para o tema.
El eufemismo como instrumento de manipulación en la prensa escrita
Authors: Trujillo Garrido Ana
Published: July 2019

El presente trabajo tiene como objeto el eufemismo y el uso manipulador que la prensa escrita hace de él. Surge la necesidad de seguir haciendo hincapié en este tipo de usos malintencionados del lenguaje, de modo que la sociedad pueda mantenerse alerta en todo momento ante tal situación. Para dar cuenta de la realidad que aquí referimos, se ha realizado un corpus de eufemismos recogidos de la prensa española del siglo XXI (2000 hasta la actualidad). Tras su análisis, que ha seguido la metodología del análisis del discurso y análisis crítico del discurso, ha quedado de manifiesto que la prensa escrita hace uso de eufemismos con fines manipulativos (tanto de la realidad referida, como del referente, como del individuo). Además, no solo reproduce los eufemismos llegados a ella desde los distintos ámbitos de la sociedad, sino que los mantiene y perpetúa, convirtiéndolos en propios.

This work has the euphemism as object and the manipulative use that the written press makes of it. Appear the necessity to continue emphasizing this type of malicious uses of language so that society can be alert at all times to the situation. To give an account of the reality there has made a corpus of euphemisms collected from the Spanish press of the 21st century (2000 to the present). After their analysis, which has followed the methodology of analysis of discourse and critical analysis of the discourse, it has become clear that the written press makes use of euphemisms with manipulative fines (reality of reference, the referent and the individual). Moreover, not only reproduces the euphemisms that came to it from the different spheres of society, but also maintains and perpetuates them.
The Value and Sustainability of Ocrelizumab in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: A Cost-Effectiveness and Budget Impact Analysis
Authors: Cortesi Paolo Angelo , Paolicelli Damiano , Capobianco Marco , Cozzolino Paolo , Mantovani Lorenzo Giovanni
Published: July 2019

INTRODUCTION: The availability of ocrelizumab for the relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the Italian markets raised some questions about its economic impact and value compared to the alternative treatment options available.AIM: To assess the cost-effectiveness and budget impact of ocrelizumab compared to the most used second line disease modifying therapies (DMTs) in Italy.METHODS: The study was divided in two phases: Phase 1 – based on the development of a decision analytical Markov model to assess the cost-effectiveness of ocrelizumab compared to natalizumab and fingolimod, and Phase 2 – based on the development of a budget impact model to assess the economic impact of ocrelizumab in Italy. Both models used the National Health System perspective; a lifetime horizon was applied in the cost-effectiveness analysis and a 3-year time horizon in the budget impact. The cost-effectiveness analysis results were reported as incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) expressed as € per Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY) gained, the budget impact analysis results were reported as difference in the overall budget (€) between a scenario with and without ocrelizumab.RESULTS: The two analyses reported ocrelizumab as a cost-effective option compared to natalizumab and fingolimod with a positive impact on the overall NHS budget. In the base-case analysis, the ICER was € 2,023 for ocrelizumab compared to fingolimod; while ocrelizumab resulted cost-saving compared to natalizumab. The sensitivity analysis confirmed the base-case analysis results. Further, the use of ocrelizumab was associated to a budget decrease of € 21 million (-2.6%) in a 3-year time horizon.CONCLUSION: The results of our cost-effectiveness and budget impact models reported ocrelizumab as an effective and efficient treatment in patients with relapsing forms of MS who failed a first line DMTs from the Italian NHS perspective.
Improving the resolution of microscope by deconvolution after dense scan
Authors: Xie Yaohua
Published: July 2019

Super-resolution microscopes (such as STED) illuminate samples with a tiny spot, and achieve very high resolution. But structures smaller than the spot cannot be resolved in this way. Therefore, we propose a technique to solve this problem. It is termed “Deconvolution after Dense Scan (DADS)”. First, a preprocessing stage is introduced to eliminate the optical uncertainty of the peripheral areas around the sample’s ROI (Region of Interest). Then, the ROI is scanned densely together with its peripheral areas. Finally, the high resolution image is recovered by deconvolution. The proposed technique does not need to modify the apparatus much, and is mainly performed by algorithm. Simulation experiments show that the technique can further improve the resolution of super-resolution microscopes.
Self-capping of nucleoprotein filaments protects the Newcastle disease virus genome
Authors: Song Xiyong , Shan Hong , Zhu Yanping , Hu Shunlin , Xue Ling , Chen Yong , Ding Wei , Niu Tongxin , Gu Jian , Ouyang Songying , Shen Qing-Tao , Liu Zhi-Jie
Published: July 2019

Non-segmented negative-strand RNA viruses, such as measles, ebola and Newcastle disease viruses (NDV), encapsidate viral genomic RNAs into helical nucleocapsids, which serve as the template for viral replication and transcription. Here, the clam-shaped nucleocapsid structure, where the NDV viral genome is sequestered, was determined at 4.8 Å resolution by cryo-electron microscopy. The clam-shaped structure is composed of two single-turn spirals packed in a back-to-back mode. This tightly packed structure functions as a seed for the assembly of a nucleocapsid from both directions, facilitating the growth of double-headed filaments with two separate RNA strings inside. Disruption of this structure by mutations in its loop interface yielded a single-headed unfunctional filament.
Testing relationship between plant productivity and diversity in a desertified steppe in Northwest China
Authors: Yang Yang , Liu Bingru
Published: July 2019

The rapid global plant diversity and productivity loss has resulted in ecosystem functional degeneration in recent decades, and the relationship between plant diversity and productivity is a pressing issue around the world. Here, we sampled six plant communities that have not been grazed for 20 years, i.e., Agropyron mongolicum, Stipa bungeana, Cynanchum komarovii, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Sophora alopecuroides, Artemisia ordosica, located in a desertified steppe, northwestern China, and tested the relationship between plant diversity and productivity in this region. We found a positive linear relationship between AGB (above-ground biomass) and BGB (below-ground biomass), and the curves between plant diversity and AGB were unimodal (R2 = 0.4572, p < 0.05), indicating that plant productivity increased at a low level of diversity but decreased at a high level of diversity. However, there was no significant relationship between BGB and plant diversity (p > 0.05). Further, RDA (redundancy analysis) indicated that soil factors had a strong effect on plant diversity and productivity. Totally, GAMs (generalized additive models) showed that soil factors (especially total nitrogen TN, total carbon TC, soil microbial biomass nitrogen SMB-N, soil microbial biomass carbon SMB-C) explained more variation in plant diversity and productivity (78.24%), which can be regarded as the key factors driving plant diversity and productivity. Therefore, strategies aiming to increase plant productivity and protect plant diversity may concentrate on promoting soil factors (e.g., increasing TC, TN, SMB-N and SMB-C) and plant species, which can be regarded as an effective and simple strategy to stabilize ecosystems to mitigate aridity in desertified steppes in northwestern China.
Comparative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of the green and white parts of chimeric leaves in Ananas comosus var. bracteatus
Authors: Xue Yanbin , Ma Jun , He Yehua , Yu Sanmiao , Lin Zhen , Xiong Yingyuan , Rafique Fatima , Jiang Fuxing , Sun Lingxia , Ma Mingdong , Zhou Yujue , Li Xi , Huang Zhuo
Published: July 2019

Background

Ananas comosus var. bracteatus has high ornamental value due to its chimeric leaves. However, the chimeric trait is very unstable in red pineapple plants, and transcriptional variation between the two types of cells (white/green cells) and the molecular mechanism responsible for their albino phenotype remain poorly understood.

Methods

Comparative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of the white parts (Whs) and green parts (Grs) of chimeric leaves were performed.

Results

In total, 1,685 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (712 upregulated and 973 downregulated) and 1,813 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) (1,018 with low abundance and 795 with high abundance) were identified. Based on Gene Ontology (Go) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses, the DEGs were mostly involved in carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation, while proteomic analysis revealed that DAPs were mostly related to ribosomes, photosynthesis, photosynthesis antennas, and porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism. Combined analysis showed increased mRNA levels but low abundance of nine proteins level in Whs /Grs related to photosynthetic pigment and photosynthesis. Transcriptional changes, posttranscriptional regulation and translational alterations of key enzymes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis may play important roles in the albino parts of chimeric leaves.
Assessment of the Quality of Postero-anterior Chest Radiographs Seen in a North-west Nigerian Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Abubakar U. , Ibrahim A. , Nwodo V. K. , Sadiq A. A. , Akpaniwo G. M. , Mohammed A. , Mohammed D. , Yusuf I. I. , Gurama A. D.
Published: July 2019

Objectives: To determine the quality of chest radiographs of adult patients x-rayed at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH) in accordance with Committee of European Commission (CEC) guidelines on quality criteria and to determine the most common factor that affects the radiographs.

Materials and Methods: The data was collected retrospectively from the hospital archives using a data capture sheet.

Results: A total of 266 radiographs were assessed and the age of patients whose radiographs participated in the study ranged from 20-80years. Also, a greater number of male patients 147(55.3%) participated in the study than female patients 119(44.7%). Results from the study revealed that 194(72.93%) and 225(84.59%) radiographs had correct placement of patient details and anatomical marker respectively. Adequate inspiration was achieved in 223(83.83%) radiographs with presence of artifacts seen in only 17(6.39%) radiographs. Thrown-off scapulae out of lung fields was seen in 174(65.41%) radiographs while adequate penetration was demonstrated in 209(78.57%) radiographs. Fog was seen in 16(6.02%) radiographs and rotation was recorded in 86(32.33%) radiographs. Additionally, blurring and darkroom processing faults affected 9(3.38%) and 42(15.79%) radiographs respectively. The most common cause of poor quality chest radiographs was found to be inadequate collimation affecting 110(41.35%) radiographs.

Conclusion: In terms of overall quality, only about 41(15.41%) radiographs met all criteria for a standard chest radiograph according to committee of European commission.
Structural Control of the São Francisco River Delta from the Aeromagnetic Data, Brazil
Authors: Santos Alana Aderne Dos , Dutra Alanna Costa , Dominguez José M. Landim
Published: July 2019

The São Francisco River delta is a Quaternary sandy plain built on a structural low of the                  Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, known as the São Francisco Low. The inner limit of the São Francisco River delta is defined by rectilinear cliffs between the delta plain and the Barreiras Formation,     which coincide with important faults delimiting the São Francisco Low. Moreover, on the continental shelf, the deltaic clinoform developed over a topographic low limited by rectilinear scarps that present compatible orientation with the Sergipe-Alagoas structural framework. Thus, based on a theoretical background that indicates the existence of structural control over the formation of delta systems in general, and previous knowledge of this area, it is possible that the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin structure has influenced the delta. This relationship can be inferred using adequate methodology. Magnetometric data was integrated in the present study with the geological information on the area. The main objective was to evaluate the existing structural controls over the formation of the São Francisco delta and neighboring areas. The first stage of the present study consisted of a thorough bibliographic review and the search for pre-existing geophysical data in the region.
Magnetically Actuated Degradable Microrobots for Actively Controlled Drug Release and Hyperthermia Therapy
Authors: Park Jongeon , Jin Chaewon , Lee Seungmin , Kim Jin‐Young , Choi Hongsoo
Published: July 2019

Microrobots facilitate targeted therapy due to their small size, minimal invasiveness, and precise wireless control. A degradable hyperthermia microrobot (DHM) with a 3D helical structure is developed, enabling actively controlled drug delivery, release, and hyperthermia therapy. The microrobot is made of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) and contains magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MNPs) and 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU). Its locomotion is remotely and precisely controlled by a rotating magnetic field (RMF) generated by an electromagnetic actuation system. Drug‐free DHMs reduce the viability of cancer cells by elevating the temperature under an alternating magnetic field (AMF), a hyperthermic effect. 5‐FU is released from the proposed DHMs in normal‐, high‐burst‐, and constant‐release modes, controlled by the AMF. Finally, actively controlled drug release from the DHMs in normal‐ and high‐burst‐release mode results in a reduction in cell viability. The reduction in cell viability is of greater magnitude in high‐burst‐ than in normal‐release mode. In summary, biodegradable DHMs have potential for actively controlled drug release and hyperthermia therapy.
Hollow, Rough, and Nitric Oxide‐Releasing Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles for Promoting Multiple Stages of Wound Healing
Authors: Ma Xiaomin , Cheng Yan , Jian Hui , Feng Yanlin , Chang Yun , Zheng Runxiao , Wu Xiaqing , Wang Li , Li Xi , Zhang Haiyuan
Published: July 2019

Wound healing is a complex and sequential biological process that involves multiple stages. Although various nanomaterials are applied to accelerate the wound healing process, only a single stage is promoted during the process, lacking hierarchical stimulation. Herein, hollow CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) with rough surface and l‐arginine inside (AhCeO2 NPs) are developed as a compact and programmable nanosystem for sequentially promoting the hemostasis, inflammation, and proliferation stages. The rough surface of AhCeO2 NPs works as a nanobridge to rapidly closure the wounds, promoting the hemostasis stage. The hollow structure of AhCeO2 NPs enables the multireflection of light inside particles, significantly enhancing the light harvest efficiency and electron–hole pair abundance. Simultaneously, the porous shell of AhCeO2 NPs facilitates the electron–hole separation and reactive oxygen species production, preventing wound infection and promotion wound healing during the inflammation stage. The enzyme mimicking property of AhCeO2 NPs can alleviate the oxidative injury in the wound, and the released l‐arginine can be converted into nitric oxide (NO) under the catalysis of inducible NO synthase, both of which promote the proliferation stage. A series of in vitro and in vitro biological assessments corroborate the effectiveness of AhCeO2 NPs in the wound healing process.
Graphene‐Based Mixed‐Dimensional van der Waals Heterostructures for Advanced Optoelectronics
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Lin Pei , Liao Qingliang , Kang Zhuo , Si Haonan , Zhang Yue
Published: July 2019

Although the library of 2D atomic crystals has greatly expanded over the past years, research into graphene is still one of the focuses for both academia and business communities. Due to its unique electronic structure, graphene offers a powerful platform for exploration of novel 2D physics, and has significantly impacted a wide range of fields including energy, electronics, and photonics. Moreover, the versatility of combining graphene with other functional components provides a powerful strategy to design artificial van der Waals (vdWs) heterostructures. Aside from the stacked 2D–2D vdWs heterostructure, in a broad sense graphene can hybridize with other non‐2D materials through vdWs interactions. Such mixed‐dimensional vdWs (MDWs) structures allow considerable freedom in material selection and help to harness the synergistic advantage of different dimensionalities, which may compensate for graphene's intrinsic shortcomings. A succinct overview of representative advances in graphene‐based MDWs heterostructures is presented, ranging from assembly strategies to applications in optoelectronics. The scientific merit and application advantages of these hybrid structures are particularly emphasized. Moreover, considering possible breakthroughs in new physics and application potential on an industrial scale, the challenges and future prospects in this active research field are highlighted.
Catalytic Scissoring of Lignin into Aryl Monomers
Authors: Wang Min , Wang Feng
Published: July 2019

Lignin is an aromatic polymer, which is the biggest and most sustainable reservoir for aromatics. The selective conversion of lignin polymers into aryl monomers is a promising route to provide aromatics, but it is also a challenging task. Compared to cellulose, lignin remains the most poorly utilized biopolymer due to its complex structure. Although harsh conditions can degrade lignin, the aromatic rings are usually destroyed. This article comprehensively analyzes the challenges facing the scissoring of lignin into aryl monomers and summarizes the recent progress, focusing on the strategies and the catalysts to address the problems. Finally, emphasis is given to the outlook and future directions of this research.
Ge‐Doped ZnSb/β‐Zn4Sb3 Nanocomposites with High Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Ostovari Moghaddam Ahmad , Shokuhfar Ali , Zhang Yu , Zhang Ting , Cadavid Doris , Arbiol Jordi , Cabot Andreu
Published: July 2019

ZnSb/β‐Zn4Sb3 nanocomposites are produced from Zn1.1−xGexSb mixtures using a two‐step process. First, proper amounts of the three elements are mixed, melted, and reacted at 800 K. During this process, the nonstoichiometric mixture is crystallized in a combination of ZnSb and β‐Zn4Sb3 phases. Then, the material is ball milled and subsequently hot pressed. Through this process, a dense ZnSb/β‐Zn4Sb3 composite, consisting of β‐Zn4Sb3 nanoinclusions embedded within a ZnSb matrix, is formed. The particular phase distribution of the final ZnSb/β‐Zn4Sb3 composites is a consequence of the harder and more brittle nature of ZnSb than Zn4Sb3, which translates into a stronger reduction of the size of the ZnSb crystal domains during ball milling. This small particle size and the high temperature generated during ball milling result in the melting of the ZnSb phase and the posterior crystallization of the two phases in a ZnSb/β‐Zn4Sb3 matrix/nanoinclusion‐type phase distribution. This particular phase distribution and the presence of Ge result in excellent thermoelectric performances, with power factors up to 1.5 mW m−1 K−2, lattice thermal conductivities down to 0.74 W m−1 K−1, and a thermoelectric figures of merit, ZT, up to 1.2 at 650 K, which is among the highest ZT values reported for ZnSb.
From Bulk to Surface: Sodium Treatment Reduces Recombination at the Nickel Oxide/Perovskite Interface
Authors: Di Girolamo Diego , Phung Nga , Jošt Marko , Al‐Ashouri Amran , Chistiakova Ganna , Li Junming , Márquez José A. , Unold Thomas , Korte Lars , Albrecht Steve , Di Carlo Aldo , Dini Danilo , Abate Antonio
Published: July 2019

The effect of sodium doping in NiO as a contact layer for perovskite solar cells is investigated. A combined X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis reveals that Na+ mostly segregates as NaOx/NaCl species around NiO crystallites, with the effect of reducing interface capacitance as revealed by impedance spectroscopy. Inspired by this finding, the NiO/perovskite interface in perovskite solar cells is modified via insertion of an ultrathin NaCl interlayer, which increases the NiO work‐function by 0.3 eV. This leads to an increase of power conversion efficiency, approaching 18%, and open‐circuit voltage due to a remarkable suppression of surface recombination, as revealed by photoluminescence analysis and light intensity–dependent electrical measurements.