bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
iGen or shyGen? Generational Differences in Shyness
Authors: Schmidt Louis A. , Brook Christina A. , Hassan Raha , MacGowan Taigan , Poole Kristie L. , Jetha Michelle K.
Published: April 2023

Generation Z (1997–2012) has been characterized in the popular media as more socially inhibited, cautious, and risk averse than prior generations, but are these differences found between generations on an empirical level? And, if so, are these differences observable within generations in response to acute events such as the COVID-19 pandemic? Using a simplified time-lagged design to control for age effects, we examined between-group differences in self-reported shyness in young adult participants ( N = 806, age: 17–25 years) at the same developmental age and university from the millennial generation (tested: 1999–2001; n = 266, Mage = 19.67 years, 72.9% female) and Generation Z (tested: 2018–2020), the latter generation stratified into prepandemic ( n = 263, M = 18.86 years, 82.4% female) and midpandemic ( n = 277, Mage = 18.67 years, 79.6% female) groups. After first establishing measurement invariance to ensure trustworthy group comparisons, we found significantly higher mean levels of shyness across each successive cohort, starting with millennials, through Generation Z before the pandemic, to Generation Z during the pandemic.
APOL1 and the risk of adverse renal outcomes in patients of African ancestry with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Chung Cecilia P , Karakoc Gul , Dickson Alyson , Liu Ge , Gamboa Jorge L , Mosley Jonathan D , Cox Nancy J , Kawai Vivian K
Published: April 2023

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disproportionately affects individuals of African ancestry (AA) compared to European ancestry (EA). In the general population, high risk (HR) variants in the apolipoprotein L1 ( APOL1) gene increase the risk of renal and hypertensive disorders in individuals of AA. Since SLE is characterized by an interferon signature and APOL1 expression is driven by interferon, we examined the hypothesis that APOL1 HR genotypes predominantly drive higher rates of renal and hypertensive-related comorbidities observed in SLE patients of AA versus those of EA.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study in patients with SLE of EA and AA using a genetic biobank linked to de-identified electronic health records. APOL1 HR genotypes were defined as G1/G1, G2/G2, or G1/G2 and low risk (LR) genotypes as 1 or 0 copies of the G1 and G2 alleles. To identify renal and hypertensive-related disorders that differed in prevalence by ancestry, we used a phenome-wide association approach. We then used logistic regression to compare the prevalence of renal and hypertensive-related disorders in EA and AA patients, both including and excluding patients with the APOL1 HR genotype. In a sensitivity analysis, we examined the association of end stage renal disease secondary to lupus nephritis (LN-related ESRD) with ancestry and the APOL1 genotype.

Results

We studied 784 patients with SLE; 195 (24.9%) were of AA, of whom 27 (13.8%) had APOL1 HR genotypes. Eighteen renal and hypertensive-related phenotypes were more common in AA than EA patients ( p-value ≤ 1.4E-4). All phenotypes remained significantly different after exclusion of patients with APOL1 HR genotypes, and most point odds ratios (ORs) decreased only slightly. Even among ORs with the greatest decrease, risk for AA patients without the APOL1 HR genotype remained significantly elevated compared to EA patients. In the sensitivity analysis, LN-related ESRD was more prevalent in SLE patients of AA versus EA and AA patients with the APOL1 HR genotype versus LR ( p-value < .05 for both).

Conclusion

The higher prevalence of renal and hypertensive disorders in SLE patients of AA compared to those of EA is not fully explained by the presence of APOL1 high risk variants.
Comparison of Omentum and Subcutis as Implant Sites for Device-Encapsulated Human iPSC-Derived Pancreatic Endoderm in Nude Rats
Authors: Nijns Jolien R. , De Mesmaeker Ines , Suenens Krista G. , Stangé Geert M. , De Groot Kaat , Marques de Lima Maria , Kraus Marine R. C. , Keymeulen Bart , Waelput Wim , Jacobs-Tulleneers Thevissen Daniel , Pipeleers Daniel G.
Published: April 2023

Subcutaneous implants of device-encapsulated stem cell–derived pancreatic endoderm (PE) can establish a functional beta cell mass (FBM) with metabolic control in immune-compromised mice. In a study with human-induced pluripotent stem cell-PE, this outcome was favored by a preformed pouch which allowed lesion-free insertion of devices in a pre-vascularized site. This was not reproduced in nude rats, known to exhibit a higher innate reactivity than mice and therefore relevant as preclinical model: a dense fibrotic capsule formed around subcutis (SC) implants with virtually no FBM formation. Placement in omentum (OM) of nude rats provided a less fibrous, better vascularized environment than SC. It resulted in less donor cell loss (56% recovery at post-transplant-PT week 3 versus 16% in SC) allowing FBM-formation. At PT week 30, 6/13 OM-recipients exhibited glucose-induced plasma hu-C-peptide to 0.1–0.4 ng/ml, versus 0/8 in SC-recipients. These levels are more than 10-fold lower than in a state of metabolic control. This shortcoming is not caused by inadequate glucose responsiveness of the beta cells but by their insufficient number. The size of the formed beta cell mass (0.4 ± 0.2 µl) was lower than that reported in mice receiving the same cell product subcutaneously; the difference is attributed to a lower expansion of pancreatic progenitor cells and to their lower degree of differentiation to beta cells. This study in the nude rat model demonstrates that OM provides a better environment for formation of beta cells in device-encapsulated PE-implants than SC. It also identified targets for increasing their dose-efficacy.
The Work of Acknowledgment: ‘Loud Fence’ as Community-Level Response to Institutional Child Sexual Abuse Testimony
Authors: McDonald Dave
Published: April 2023

Since the 1980s, the global dimensions of institutional child sexual abuse have become increasingly apparent. In some countries this has had a profound impact locally. In Australia, one such place has been the storied town of Ballarat. Throughout Australia's Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, Ballarat became a significant focus of the Inquiry. As local abuse became clearer, colourful ribbons began appearing at sites throughout the town. This article investigates the meaning of such a response, and its role in relation to survivor testimony. Transforming into a movement that persists to this day, the effect is to reconsolidate a community's ‘difficult heritage’ of institutional abuse into a more celebrated story of rebellion and protest. The originality of the article stems from the contribution it makes to understanding community-level responses to institutional abuse, and the role of ritual in the formation of collective memory.
Ideologies of Masculinity and Femininity in the Projection of the ‘National Language’: Gendered Discourse of Hindi–Urdu Dichotomization and Standardization
Authors: Singh Atul Kumar , Dwivedi Prabha Shankar
Published: May 2023

This article takes the linguistic space of North India during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and tries to see how a nationalistic linguistic ideology that was shaping up at that time, creating Hindi and Urdu linguistic communities, used gender as a tool to portray and assert a masculinist vision of language and nation. It involved not just censoring certain representations of women and their cultural spaces, but also using the issue of ‘vulgar’ representations as a premise to marginalize certain languages and their literature. The article looks at the colonial ideology that worked as an enforcer for the nationalists to work towards achieving what they felt as a sanitized and moral form of literature and culture. The linguistic ideology that accompanied these revisions was of projecting Hindi (Khari Boli) as a national language while limiting spaces of other languages, such as Braj, Urdu and Bhojpuri, in the region, by criticizing either their use of sexual imagery or by stereotyping them in a gendered way. This article investigates the arguments of nationalist writers and highlights their masculinist and patriarchal ideas in their bid for the new national language.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Turnover Intention in the Field of Business and Management: (2002–2022)
Authors: Sharma Indu , Tiwari Vivek
Published: April 2023

The turnover intention has garnered the attention of scholars and professionals due to its competitive advantage. Despite extant literature, the current dynamics and research diversity of turnover intention (TI) remain obscure. Therefore, this study aims at conducting a bibliometric analysis of TI in the domain of business and management. In this study, articles containing predefined protocols have been extracted from the Web of Science database. In addition, the 936 articles published between 2002 and 2022 were analysed using bibliometric methods such as performance analysis and science mapping. The study highlighted the top contributing nations, most influential authors, leading journals, co-authorship collaborations and major research areas. Furthermore, the science mapping approach resulted in the formation of major clusters highlighting the significant themes of the TI literature. This study is distinctive in the field of TI as it investigates the conceptual framework of research on turnover intention. Scholars and professionals will benefit from the theoretical and practical contributions as well as the suggested future directions made in this study.
An Assessment of Unconventional Monetary Policy During COVID-19 Pandemic in India
Authors: Rao D. Tripati , Kumar Rahul
Published: May 2023

We employ event study methodology to analyze the impact of unprecedented unconventional monetary policy (UMP) measures employed by the Reserve Bank of India to fortify monetary transmission mechanism and to restore financial stability. We find that the UMP announcements result in a decline in bond yields and yield spread as well as increase in market capitalization and sectoral portfolio of stock returns. Evaluating the relative efficacy of UMP measures, we find that targeted long-term repo operation announcements are more effective in easing bond yields than mere long-term repo operations. Our findings provide beneficial inference for day-traders and investors as asset prices increase significantly and durable goods producing stock returns found to be higher than those of non-durable goods. The lessons that can be drawn for the emerging market economy central banks, who do not have enough space to conduct conventional monetary policy and even when they do not face zero lower bound interest rate, they still can employ UMP tools to directly influence banks cost of funds, and long-term bond yields and interest rates, and in turn, portfolio of stock returns and investments to stimulate aggregate demand.

JEL Codes: C13, C54, E52, E65
Advance Care Planning Among Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Patient Perspectives on Goals of Care Conversations
Authors: Phillips Joel , Dixon Stacy , Koehler Tracy , Kluger Benzi
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Little is known regarding circumstances surrounding advanced care planning (ACP) for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We aim to describe preferences, and perspectives surrounding ACP in patients with ALS.

Methods

We conducted a survey of patients with ALS. Survey questions were related to advance directive completion and ACP discussions regarding end-of-life (EoL) choices.

Results

49 surveys were included. Patients have given thought to advance directives, goals of care, and EoL treatments within months of diagnosis (Median: 1 month; IQR: .6 – 3 months). Twenty-seven opened dialogue with spouses, 24 with family members, 19 with health professionals and 16 with their lawyer. Eighty percent were comfortable discussing advance directives and power of attorney while fewer (70%) are less comfortable regarding specific aspects of care such as CPR or invasive ventilation. Only one barrier to discussion was identified with one patient reporting they did not wish to talk about the topic. There was no significant correlation between timing of diagnosis and whether an EoL discussion had occurred (τb = .23, P = .14: n = 42). Level of feeling informed was significantly associated with making EoL decisions for CPR, legal arrangements for a decision maker and completion of living will or AD.

Conclusion

In this small cohort, a substantial proportion of ALS patients initiated EoL conversations early. When feeling informed, patients were more likely to make specific EoL choices. Findings suggest an opportunity for providers to help facilitate conversations, ensuring patient wishes.
Imagine a lizard with the goal of making better decisions
Authors: Chen Wei , Xu Huihui , Dong Da
Published: April 2023

In Michael Tomasello’s new book, The Evolution of Agency: Behavioral Organization from Lizards to Humans, it posits a close relationship between agency and the evolution of animal and human behavior. Tomasello adopts an integrated perspective, tracing ancient animals to early humans within the constraints of social norms. This book details a fascinating journey through the evolution of agency, therein presenting an innovatively comprehensive framework for analyzing processes of decision-making and behavioral control. Given the current interest in establishing connections among evolving individual agency, we think this book is a timely contribution, particularly for multidisciplinary researchers looking into the domain.
Fixed Versus Body-Sized-Based Dosing of Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Erstad Brian L. , Davis Lisa E.
Published: April 2023

Monoclonal antibody products are an increasing portion of novel drug approvals. The labeling of initial drug approvals frequently involves body-size-based rather than fixed-dose administration regimens for adults without clear rationale for doing so. This presents challenges when prescribing these products for patients with extremes of body habitus who constitute a small portion of enrollment in pre-approval investigations. Fixed-dose regimens allow for standardized preparation with the potential to reduce the risk of calculation errors, drug waste, and make home administration more practical. Fixed-dose rather than body-size-based monoclonal antibody regimens should serve as the initial approach in early phase 1 clinical trials.
Leadership Transfer Networks and Regional Environmental Governance Performance
Authors: Cui Can , Chen Wenna , Yi Hongtao
Published: April 2023

In response to the increasing attention paid to environmental governance and leadership mobility, this study explores the interactions between leadership mobility and environmental governance performance. From the perspective of networks, this study aims to determine whether leadership mobility networks shape environmental governance outcomes. We argue that leadership transfer networks affect local water governance performance, which is particularly evident when leadership mobility occurs between cities with similar institutional environments. We collected managers’ career data and water governance performance from forty-one cities located in the Pan-Yangtze River Delta region in China from 2011 to 2015. Methodologically, we employ spatial temporal autoregressive models to test the hypotheses and confirm the effects of the leadership transfer network on the homogeneity of water governance performance across the region. Theoretically, this study advances the institutional collective action framework in regional water governance by providing supplementary mechanisms from the perspective of agent network diffusion.
Fluid–structure coupled response of dynamical surfaces tailored in a flexible shell
Authors: Nawaz Rab , Yaseen Aqsa , Alkinidri Mohammed Omar
Published: April 2023

The present study examines the fluid-coupled wave response of a stepped elastic membrane discontinuity connecting a flexible shell to the annular rigid shell. The acoustic radiation from the internal and annular regions propagates along the flexible boundaries as well as through the compressible fluid that fills the interior of the shell and scatters at geometric discontinuity and edges. In contrast to previous studies, an elastic membrane disc with different boundary conditions is considered as the geometric discontinuity rather than an acoustically rigid step-discontinuity in a cylindrical waveguide. The problem governed by the rigid step-discontinuity is solved using the mode matching technique, while the Galerkin procedure is used for the elastic membrane discontinuity. The truncated form of both solutions reconstructs the matching conditions and satisfies the conservation laws, which further authenticate the correctness of the solutions and the validity of the obtained numerical results based on these solutions. It is worth noting that the parametric configuration of the elastic membranes, the edge conditions and the radii of the shells have a significant impact on the attenuation of the noise control device.
Lactic acid bacteria as an adjunct starter culture in the development of metabiotic functional turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) beverage
Authors: Modi Ritika , Sahota ParamPal
Published: April 2023

Turmeric ( Curcuma longa) is a highly nutritious rhizomatous herbaceous plant with remarkable chemical composition and biologically active compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the turmeric, ginger and lemon blend as a fermentable substrate by lactic acid bacteria to develop a fermented nondairy beverage. Results showed that turmeric blend (turmeric 2% w/v, ginger 1.5% v/v, 5% v/v) was an excellent matrix for lactic acid bacteria growth and fermentation dramatically increased total phenolic, flavonoid content and antioxidants capacities impacting the color and sensory properties. Moreover, the formulated fermented turmeric blend was stable for more than 90 days at 4 °C with a healthy bacterial population and nutraceutical stability. Turmeric beverage also inhibited the growth of Caco-2 and MOLT 4 cancerous cell lines in a dosage and time-reliant manner. This way, lactic acid fermentation can be considered as an appropriate tool for developing turmeric based novel bio-intervention with enhanced bioactivity and antagonistic efficacy against recurring food-borne pathogen in this post-antibiotic era.
Arthroplasty for femoral neck fractures is at risk for under restoration of lateral femoral offset
Authors: Shah Harsh N , Barrett Andrew A , Finlay Andrea K , Arora Prerna , Bellino Michael J , Bishop Julius A , Gardner Michael J , Miller Matthew D , Huddleston James I , Maloney William J , Goodman Stuart B , Amanatullah Derek F
Published: April 2023

Purpose:

The aim of the study was to determine the restoration of hip biomechanics through lateral offset, leg length, and acetabular component position when comparing non-arthroplasty surgeons (NAS) to elective arthroplasty surgeons (EAS).

Methods:

131 patients, with a femoral neck fracture treated with a THA by 7 EAS and 20 NAS, were retrospectively reviewed. 2 blinded observers measured leg-length discrepancy, femoral offset, and acetabular component position. Multivariate logistic regression models examined the association between the surgeon groups and restoration of lateral femoral, acetabular offset, leg length discrepancy, acetabular anteversion, acetabular position, and component size, while adjusting for surgical approach and spinal pathology.

Results:

NAS under-restored 4.8 mm of lateral femoral offset (43.9 ± 8.7 mm) after THA when compared to the uninjured side (48.7 ± 7.1 mm, p  = 0.044). NAS were at risk for under-restoring lateral femoral offset when compared to EAS ( p  = 0.040). There was no association between lateral acetabular offset, leg length, acetabular position, or component size and surgeon type.

Conclusions:

Lateral femoral offset is at risk for under-restoration after THA for femoral neck fractures, when performed by surgeons that do not regularly perform elective THA. This indicates that lateral femoral offset is an under-appreciated contributor to hip instability when performing THA for a femoral neck fracture. Lateral femoral offset deserves as much attention and awareness as acetabular component position since a secondary analysis of our data reveal that preoperative templating and intraoperative imaging did not prevent under-restoration.
Water Energy Food Nexus to Tackle Climate Change in the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Albatayneh Aiman
Published: April 2023

Integrating water, energy, and food (WEF) systems can generate synergies and help Eastern Mediterranean countries solve climate change-related concerns. The WEF nexus strategy provides a comprehensive and integrated approach to solving the issues faced by climate change and a roadmap toward sustainable water, energy, and food systems. The significance of understanding the WEF nexus in the context of climate change cannot be emphasized, and further study and implementation are required to reach its full potential. In this study, we investigated the available options for decision-makers to combat climate change; for example, renewable energy is seen as a critical component for assisting the water, energy, and food sectors in addressing the issues faced by climate change. Renewable energy may supply clean, dependable, and sustainable electricity for water treatment and distribution systems, agricultural and food processing enterprises, and energy-intensive businesses. In addition, for the region’s sustainable development, cooperation between Eastern Mediterranean countries in addressing the issues of climate change and the WEF nexus is crucial. Promoting cross-border commerce and establishing regional frameworks and initiatives can play a vital role in tackling these difficulties and assuring the region’s sustainable future.
The 340B Program and Health Disparities Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Chronic Asthma
Authors: Tripp Amanda S , Marrufo Grecia , Kornfield Thomas , Morley Melissa , Nichols Donald , Yeh Abra
Published: April 2023

The study objective was to determine whether the discounts provided under the 340B program help address disparities in drug treatment and adverse outcomes among Medicare Fee-For-Service (FFS) beneficiaries initially Medicare-diagnosed with moderate to severe chronic asthma. Using Medicare FFS claims data from 2017 to 2019, we conducted a cross-sectional study that compared risk-adjusted differences in 5 treatment measures and 5 adverse outcomes among beneficiaries treated within 340B and non-340B hospital systems that met the disproportionate share (DSH) criteria and the ownership classification requirement to qualify as a 340B DSH hospital. Our analysis focused on potential disparities that are historically associated with challenges to accessing quality health care. We did not observe fewer disparities in drug treatments or adverse outcomes for beneficiaries with moderate to severe asthma treated at 340B hospital systems compared to non-340B hospital systems. These results raise questions as to whether 340B hospital systems are effectively using discounts to focus on improved access and outcomes for vulnerable beneficiaries.
Exploring the Role of Omnichannel Retailing Technologies: Future Research Directions
Authors: Thaichon Park , Quach Sara , Barari Mojtaba , Nguyen Mai
Published: April 2023

Technological advances allow the development of an omnichannel strategy to create a seamless experience for customers. This study has adopted a systematic literature review approach to examine, synthesise and extend a body of literature in the area of omnichannel retailing and the role of technology, taking into account both retailers’ and customers’ perspectives. We review 499 research papers to highlight the evolution of omnichannel research with a special focus on technology usage. After extracting the key theoretical foundations underpinning technology-empowered omnichannel retailing, we synthesise the empirical findings and identify emerging topics from the customer perspective including customer value, customer experience, showrooming and web rooming and customer privacy concerns as well as the key themes from the retailer perspective consisting of channel integration, personalisation and resource challenges. Based on the knowledge from the theoretical and empirical insights, we develop three important future research areas to inspire further studies in this domain.
Analysis of ducted fuel injection at high-pressure transcritical conditions using large-eddy simulations
Authors: Guo Jack , Brouzet Davy , Chung Wai Tong , Ihme Matthias
Published: April 2023

Ducted fuel injection (DFI) is a proposed fuel injection concept for achieving substantial reductions in emissions. In this concept, the fuel is injected through a coannular duct, resulting in increased fuel-air mixing and minimized formation of soot and other unwanted combustion products. Apart from comprehensive experimental investigations on DFI, so far computational studies have been limited to single-point Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes simulations. Therefore, the objective of this work is to complement these studies by performing large-eddy simulations using a diffuse-interface method to examine the physical mechanisms and combustion processes of DFI, specifically focusing on the mixing process and the effect of fuel-ducting on combustion and pollutant emissions. To this end, finite-rate chemistry simulations are performed of the DFI configuration corresponding to the Engine Combustion Network Spray A injector at transcritical conditions (n-dodecane fuel, 60 bar pressure and 1000 K temperature chamber conditions). A two-equation soot model is employed for the qualitative analysis of soot emissions. Direct comparisons of averaged and instantaneous flow field results with the Spray A configuration are performed to assess the effect of DFI on the first- and second-stage ignition and soot formation. Compared to the free-spray condition, the results show that the DFI case exhibits a combination of (i) increased mass flow rate and entrained air, (ii) larger pressure drop magnitude and flow velocity, and (iii) a closer-to-stoichiometric mixture composition (both globally and locally), each of which is conjectured to contribute toward reduced soot production.
Taking Care Seriously: Gendering Honneth’s The Working Sovereign – A Normative Theory of work
Authors: Wimbauer Christine
Published: April 2023

Axel Honneth’s latest work The Working Sovereign. A Normative Theory of Work states that the democratization of work and employees’ experience of democracy at work are important prerequisites for creating and promoting democracy as well as social and political participation. According to Honneth, various aspects of ‘good work’ are essential for such a democratization of work. Undoubtedly working conditions must be improved and it is an inestimable merit of Axel Honneth’s book to demand this so clearly. Beyond this fundamental agreement, I would, however, take a broader view of some details and draw some conclusions differently. First, it is difficult to derive the improvements needed in the world of work from a theory of democracy alone as its limited scope hides other urgent problems. Second, any approach might prove short-sighted if the democratization of work thesis only refers to wage labour or, at best, to paid care work. Rather, a comprehensive concept of care/work must be the starting point. On a surface level, Honneth’s conception of work is broad and gender-sensitive. However, Honneth does not follow this to its logical conclusion and fails to provide a systematic role to his conception of work when deriving his claims in the final chapters of his book. Rather, this broad conception of work is lost more or less inconspicuously behind a latent androcentrism. This has far-reaching consequences: from a comprehensive, gender-theoretical perspective, it would have been necessary to demand the ‘democratization of care/work’ such that gender and specifically women, who are the main care providers and perform this work largely unpaid and invisibly, finally are also included. What is more, in Honneth’s analysis the same elision applies to other intersectional categories, as race, migration, citizenship and ability are all lost from view in Honneth’s nation-state-based, homogeneous and harmonious concept of democratization. In sum, in my critical engagement with Honneth’s new text I will show that while he very clearly points out the indispensable need for better working conditions, he is blind to gender and care work.
Transgender Youth, Challenges, Responses, and the Juvenile Justice System: A Systematic Literature Review of an Emerging Literature
Authors: Watson Jennifer , Bryce India , Phillips Tania M. , Sanders Tait , Brömdal Annette
Published: April 2023

This systematic literature review synthesizes available empirical studies exploring the challenges experienced by transgender youth within juvenile justice contexts and systems responses to them. The review followed PRISMA guidelines and searches were conducted in five academic databases from January 2000 to December 2020. Four qualitative articles met the inclusion criteria for review. Further research must be pursued to elucidate the lived experiences of transgender youth in juvenile justice systems. The juvenile justice system responses in providing for the unique health, social, and psychological needs of this vulnerable, carceral population are necessary to influence and guide best practice policies and procedures.
Global-local policy interactions in the South and the need for critical policy engagement–lessons from teaching licence policy in Pakistan
Authors: Ali Sajid , Ahmed Afaq
Published: April 2023

Countries in the global South, such as Pakistan, face challenges to determine their education policies without any external pressures. The national sphere of authority of the state has to deal with both global and national policy pressures. The travelling policy gets embedded in the local context adjusting to the local demands. However, for this embedding to take place smartly, the host/adopting country needs to demonstrate critical engagement. The developing countries are faced with a plethora of policy prescriptions from the global space; sometimes in the name of ‘best practices’ and at others in the name of funding conditionality or priority. Due to the absence of multi-actor critical engagement, the policies exist only during the project and as soon as the project is over, the policy is shelved. The article presents the case of a critical policy engagement – ‘teaching license policy dialogues’. This is an independent university-led effort to improve the teacher management system in Pakistan. A four-stage policy advocacy process is adopted to create critical policy space. It comprised (i) development of concept, (ii) preparation of green papers, (iii) policy dialogues and (iv) launch of the White Paper for policy consideration. The case shows a critical way of engaging with a global policy along with all stakeholders, assessing its efficacy, and make alterations as per contextual needs. We hope that our attempt at critical policy dialogue, which promotes critical engagement of multiple stakeholders on equal footing without pressure from a donor, might offer a better way forward. In this way, the policy may not be seen as a push from global space, rather it would be seen as a negotiation between global-national space. We further highlight the crucial, yet rare role of academia in the global South, which is desperately needed.
Depression and Epilepsy: The Bidirectional Relation Goes On and On…
Authors: Munger Clary Heidi M.
Published: April 2023

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Expanding the Lifestyle Medicine Inpatient Consultation Services at Loma Linda University Health: A Transformative Tool for Chronic Diseases Management in Tertiary Care Settings
Authors: Annam Rachel , Florian Rosemarie , Johnson Sara , Mondala Melisa , Wilson April , Rea Brenda
Published: April 2023

Lifestyle Medicine (LM) is an emerging field dedicated to the prevention, management, and reversal of chronic diseases by promoting healthy lifestyle choices. LM utilizes six pillars targeting the root causes of diseases to promote health, improve clinical outcomes and significantly enhance overall quality of life. They include plant-based nutrition, physical activity, sleep health, tobacco cessation/managing risky alcohol use, and spiritual/emotional well-being. LM holds great promise as an evidence-based solution for the rising rates of chronic diseases and healthcare costs in the United States. Loma Linda University Health (LLUH), a pioneer of LM, has successfully implemented a phased expansion of its novel LM inpatient consultation services to positively impact the trajectory of morbidity and mortality among patients with chronic conditions and/risk factors admitted to the hospital. This was achieved by boosting awareness, hiring LM-trained providers to meet growing demand, and making consultations accessible hospital-wide. The service has been very well received and saw a 50-fold increase in consultations between 2016 and 2022. It is also reimbursed by all major insurers.

LLUH’s experience shows that establishing and growing an inpatient LM consultation service is a viable clinical and cost-effective chronic care model that can be utilized in a tertiary care setting.
Firmly Establishing Lifestyle Medicine Within the Value Framework
Authors: Artz Kristi , Weaver Eric
Published: April 2023

The rapid growth of Lifestyle Medicine (LM) and Value-Based Care (VBC) are occurring simultaneously yet are not fully aligned in the minds of key stakeholders. Both focus on bending the healthcare cost curve by improving patient outcomes, providing greater access to chronic disease risk reduction services and in the case of LM, driving toward chronic disease remission and reversal. Both require strong physician engagement to be effective and will greatly benefit from thoughtful use of digital health technologies. In this review, key focus areas will be highlighted as foundational aspects in which LM is synonymous with high-value care. Continued efforts in these key areas will ensure that LM becomes the foundation for VBC.
Stability of the distal radioulnar joint with and without activation of forearm muscles
Authors: Weber Andreas , Reissner Lisa , Friedl Susanne , Schweizer Andreas
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of the flexor carpi ulnaris and the extensor carpi ulnaris muscles on distal radioulnar joint stability. The anteroposterior ulnar head translation in relation to the radius was measured sonographically when the forearm was in a neutral resting position and when the hand was actively pressed on to a surface, with and without intentional flexor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi ulnaris activation, while also being monitored by an electromyogram. Data on 40 healthy participants indicated a mean anteroposterior translation in the distal radioulnar joint of 4.1 mm (SD 1.08) without and 1.2 mm (SD 0.54) with muscle activation. Our results indicate that intentional ulnar forearm muscle activation results in 70% less anteroposterior ulnar head translation and greater distal radioulnar joint stability. Therefore, the flexor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi ulnaris muscles serve as dynamic stabilizers of the distal radioulnar joint. This finding may be clinically significant since ulnar forearm muscles strengthening may increase distal radioulnar joint stability.
Neuromotor Treatment of Arthrogenic Muscle Inhibition After Knee Injury or Surgery
Authors: Dos Anjos Typhanie , Gabriel François , Vieira Thais Dutra , Hopper Graeme Philip , Sonnery-Cottet Bertrand
Published: April 2023

Background:

Persistent weakness of the quadriceps muscles and extension deficit after knee injuries are due to specific alterations in neural excitability - a process known as arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI). The effects of a novel neuromotor reprogramming (NR) treatment based on the use of proprioceptive sensations associated with motor imagery and low frequency sounds have not been studied in AMI after knee injuries.

Hypothesis:

This study aimed to assess quadriceps electromyographic (EMG) activity and the effects on extension deficits in persons with AMI who completed 1 session of NR treatment. We hypothesized that the NR session would activate the quadriceps and improve extension deficits.

Study Design:

Case series.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Methods:

Between May 1, 2021 and February 28, 2022, patients who underwent knee ligament surgery or sustained a knee sprain with a deficit of >30% of the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) on EMG testing in comparison with the contralateral limb after their initial rehabilitation were included in the study. The maximal voluntary isometric contraction of the VMO measured on EMG, the knee extension deficit (distance between the heel and the table during contraction), and the simple knee value (SKV) were assessed before and immediately after completion of 1 session of NR treatment.

Results:

A total of 30 patients with a mean age of 34.6 ± 10.1 years (range, 14-50 years) were included in the study. After the NR session, VMO activation increased significantly, with a mean increase of 45% ( P < 0.01). Similarly, the knee extension deficit significantly improved from 4.03 ± 0.69 cm before the treatment to 1.93 ± 0.68 after the treatment ( P < 0.01). The SKV was 50 ± 5.43% before the treatment, and this increased to 67.5 ± 4.09% after the treatment ( P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

Our study indicates that this innovative NR method can improve VMO activation and extension deficits in patients with AMI. Therefore, this method could be considered a safe and reliable treatment modality in patients with AMI after knee injury or surgery.

Clinical Relevance:

This multidisciplinary treatment modality for AMI can enhance outcomes through the restoration of quadriceps neuromuscular function and subsequent reduction of extension deficits after knee trauma.
Myasthenia Gravis Exacerbation Following Immunization With the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: Papadopoulou Marianna , Stefanou Maria-Ioanna , Palaiodimou Lina , Tsivgoulis Georgios
Published: April 2023

Acute exacerbations of Myasthenia Gravis (MG) may be triggered by infections and certain drugs. No consensus has been reached on vaccines and the risk for developing myasthenic crisis. During the COVID-19 pandemic, MG patients are considered at high risk for severe illness, and vaccination is strongly recommended. We report the case of a 70-year-old woman with MG, diagnosed 2 years earlier, that developed myasthenic crisis 10 days after the second dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech). The patient had no previous MG exacerbations in her history. Following increase of oral pyridostigmine and prednisone treatment, the patient underwent immunoglobulin and plasma exchange therapy. Due to persisting symptoms, immunotherapy was switched to rituximab, under which a clinical remission was achieved. MG patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 may develop severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and have a higher mortality compared to the general population. In addition, reports of new-onset MG following COVID-19 infection accumulate. By contrast, since the beginning of the vaccination program, only 3 cases of new-onset MG after COVID-19 vaccinations have been published and 2 cases of severe MG exacerbation. Vaccinations in MG patients have always been debated, but most studies confirm their safety. In the era of COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination protects against infection and severe illness, especially in vulnerable populations. The rare occurrence of side effects should not discourage clinicians from recommending COVID-19 vaccination, but close follow-up of MG patients is recommended during the post-vaccination period.
Learning to Use Research Evidence: The Case of the Education Doctorate
Authors: Firestone William A. , Louis Karen Seashore , Leland Andrew S. , Perry Jill Alexa
Published: April 2023

This paper is a preliminary exploration of how doctoral study can increase educational leaders’ capacity to use evidence. Our mixed methods study uses interviews and surveys of graduates from four EdD programs. Methods training linked to students’ work and social capital development among students and with faculty both influenced graduates, use of evidence. We expected to find distinct uses of research (e.g., to make decisions, to persuade others). While we did, leaders often combined such uses in specific cases. We conclude with suggestions for further research on how professional education influences educational leaders’ use of evidence.
Perceptions of Harm and Benefit Predict Judgments of Cultural Appropriation
Authors: Mosley Ariel J. , Heiphetz Larisa , White Mark H. , Biernat Monica
Published: April 2023

What factors underlie judgments of cultural appropriation? In two studies, participants read 157 scenarios involving actors using cultural products or elements of racial/ethnic groups to which they did not belong. Participants evaluated scenarios on seven dimensions (perceived cultural appropriation, harm to the community from which the cultural object originated, racism, profit to actors, extent to which cultural objects represent a source of pride for source communities, benefits to actors, and celebration), while the type of cultural object and the out-group associated with the object being appropriated varied. Using both the scenario and the participant as the units of analysis, perceived cultural appropriation was most strongly associated with perceived greater harm to the source community. We discuss broader implications for integrating research on inequality and moral psychology. Findings also have translational implications for educators and activists interested in increasing awareness about cultural appropriation.
Intravoxel incoherent motion for differentiating residual/recurrent tumor from post-treatment change in patients with high-grade glioma
Authors: Tunlayadechanont Padcha , Panyaping Theeraphol , Chansakul Thanissara , Hirunpat Pornrujee , Kampaengtip Adun
Published: April 2023

Purpose

To investigate the diagnostic value of f derived from IVIM technique and to correlate it with rCBV derived from DSC for the differentiation of residual/recurrent tumor from post-treatment change in patients with high-grade glioma.

Materials and Methods

Patients who underwent MR imaging with IVIM and DSC studies for evaluation of high-grade glioma after standard treatment were enrolled in this retrospective study. For qualitative analysis, the f and rCBV maps were interpreted as hypoperfused or hyperperfused in each parameter. Quantitative analysis was performed using ROI analysis in f and rCBV parameters. The lesions were divided into residual/recurrent tumor and post-treatment change groups.

Results

Nineteen patients with high-grade glioma were included. In qualitative analysis, the f-map shows higher sensitivity (100.0%) than rCBV map (92.3%), while the rCBV map shows higher specificity (100.0%) than the f-map (83.3%). In quantitative analysis, the optimal cutoff values of 1.19 for f and 1.06 for rCBV are shown to provide high diagnostic value with high sensitivity (91.7%) for both parameters but slightly higher specificity of rCBV (85.7%) than f (71.4%). The correlation between f and rCBV was good with ICC of 0.810.

Conclusion

The f value measured by IVIM technique, non-contrast perfusion technique, has high diagnostic performance and potential to be an alternative method to CBV measured by DSC for differentiation between residual/recurrent tumor and post-treatment change in patients with high-grade glioma.
A Sense of Belonging: A Qualitative Investigation Into the Origination of Collegiate Sport Fanship and Fandom
Authors: Towery Nathan A.
Published: April 2023

A qualitative study utilizing interviews was used to identify the core motivations for the origination of collegiate sport fanship and fandom in the American Southeast. The sample included 20 individual adults that reside in the southeastern United States, either Alabama ( n = 2), Arkansas ( n = 3), Kentucky ( n = 3), Mississippi ( n = 5), or South Carolina ( n = 7). The sample only included participants from these particular states due to the unique context they provide, as well as exploring how identity as a Southerner may influence collegiate fanship and fandom. Each of these states house at least two major Division 1 NCAA collegiate athletics department, while also not housing any major-league-level professional sports. Thus, participants were more likely to identify with collegiate sports than those living in a region with a professional franchise. Results informed Social Identity theory, and indicated that there are a number of different factors that lead to the origination of collegiate fanship and fandom. Many of the factors deal with family ties, geography, and feeling a sense of belonging.
Accusation Is Not Proof: Procedural Justice in Psychology
Authors: O’Donohue William , Fisher Jane E.
Published: April 2023

In this article, we explicate a relatively ignored construct in clinical science—procedural justice. Procedural justice is concerned with adjudicative processes in which norms are applied to particular cases in which there is an allegation of some transgression. Psychologists often value social justice, but there can be no social justice without procedural justice. Procedural-justice concerns arise in a wide variety of interpersonal contexts, including diagnoses, administrative adjudications such as ethics complaints or Title IX hearings, conflicts clients experience with others, and more informal contexts such as gossip. Exemplars of problematic procedural justice relevant to psychologists are described. We argue that there are five general dimensions of procedural justice (epistemic, ethical, subjective, legal, and pragmatic) and 20 specific principles of procedural fairness. Suggestions for improved practice and future research are provided. Procedural justice exemplifies values embodied in the late Scott Lilienfeld’s work and life.
Achieving Sustainable Development Goal of Women Empowerment: A Study among Self-help Groups in India
Authors: Ghosh Seema , Mahapatra Mousumi Singha , Tandon Neelam , Tandon Deepak
Published: April 2023

This study evaluates the impact of self-help group (SHG) intervention and entrepreneurial traits of SHG members on the economic and socio-cultural empowerment of rural women. A purposive sampling method has been used to collect a sum of 344 responses from the SHG of women who are engaged in entrepreneurial income-generating activities in their village. A linear regression model has been used to analyse the data. The study found and argues that SHG interventions have a positive association with the economic and socio-cultural empowerment of rural women. The parameters identified and analysed in the study are helpful to the stakeholders to make policy decisions to strengthen all the factors, which are responsible for the success and growth of SHG in general and the micro-enterprise of SHG women entrepreneurs, in particular.