bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A correlation coefficient‐based algorithm for fault detection and classification in a power transmission line
Authors: Musa Mohammed H. H. , He Zhengyou , Fu Ling , Deng Yujia
Published: May 2018

This paper presents a new algorithm for fault detection and classification in a power transmission line. The fundamental idea of the proposed algorithm is the calculation of the correlation coefficient (CC) between the current signal of each phase of the three‐phase system and its reference value. The following rule makes the decision of detecting and classifying the fault condition: when the system is running under healthy condition, the correlation between the current signal of each phase and its reference value is very strong; when the system is in faulty condition, the correlation between the current signal of each phase and its reference value is low compared to that in the healthy condition. The new algorithm is applied to a power transmission line model established in PSCAD/EMTDC. Different fault circumstances such as different inception times, different fault resistances, and different locations have been verified. Additionally, far‐end faults with high resistance, faults occurring near a terminal, faults considering variable loading angle, and faults in the presence of noise are easily detected by the proposed method. For each possible scenario of fault, the proposed algorithm requires only the three‐phase current measurement of the local measurement unit. The results show satisfactory performance in most cases. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Recent progress in flexible dye solar cells
Authors: Miettunen Kati , Vapaavuori Jaana , Poskela Aapo , Tiihonen Armi , Lund Peter D.
Published: May 2018

Flexible dye‐sensitized solar cells are an intriguing photovoltaic technology, especially from the point of view of integration of photovoltaics into everyday objects, owing to these solar cells conforming easily to different nonplanar geometries and low‐intensity lighting conditions. However, the commercialization of these devices has not yet fully taken off due to few persisting gaps in the optimization of employed materials and processes. Herein, we focus on the recent progress on flexible dye sensitized solar cells, and how obstacles to larger‐scale production have been removed. There have been major advancements in diverse roll‐to‐roll compatible preparation methods of various cell layers, as well as in understanding the corrosion of metal electrodes in liquid electrolyte. We also pinpoint the remaining challenges for full commercialization of these technologies, one of which is reaching long‐term stability in which case sealing of the flexible device plays a major role. Furthermore, environmental considerations such as the life cycle assessment and the use of more sustainable materials in solar cell preparation are discussed.

This article is categorized under:

Energy Research & Innovation > Science and Materials

Photovoltaics > Science and Materials
Suppressor of clathrin deficiency (Scd6)—An emerging RGG‐motif translation repressor
Authors: Roy Debadrita , Rajyaguru Purusharth I.
Published: May 2018

Translation control plays a key role in variety of cellular processes. Translation initiation factors augment translation, whereas translation repressor proteins inhibit translation. Different repressors act by distinct mechanisms to accomplish the repression process. Although messenger RNAs (mRNAs) can be repressed at various steps of translation, most repressors have been reported to target the initiation step. We focus on one such translation repressor, an Arginine–Glycine–Glycine (RGG)‐motif containing protein Scd6. Using this protein as a model, we present a discourse on the known and possible functions of this repressor, its mechanism of action and its recently reported regulation. We suggest a case for conservation of the mechanism employed by Scd6 along with its regulation in orthologs, and propose that Scd6 family of proteins will be an ideal tool to understand translation control and mRNA fate decision mechanisms across biological systems.

This article is categorized under:

Translation > Translation Regulation

RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA–Protein Complexes
Cas9 versus Cas12a/Cpf1: Structure–function comparisons and implications for genome editing
Authors: Swarts Daan C. , Jinek Martin
Published: May 2018

Cas9 and Cas12a are multidomain CRISPR‐associated nucleases that can be programmed with a guide RNA to bind and cleave complementary DNA targets. The guide RNA sequence can be varied, making these effector enzymes versatile tools for genome editing and gene regulation applications. While Cas9 is currently the best‐characterized and most widely used nuclease for such purposes, Cas12a (previously named Cpf1) has recently emerged as an alternative for Cas9. Cas9 and Cas12a have distinct evolutionary origins and exhibit different structural architectures, resulting in distinct molecular mechanisms. Here we compare the structural and mechanistic features that distinguish Cas9 and Cas12a, and describe how these features modulate their activity. We discuss implications for genome editing, and how they may influence the choice of Cas9 or Cas12a for specific applications. Finally, we review recent studies in which Cas12a has been utilized as a genome editing tool.

This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications

Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Biogenesis of Effector Small RNAs

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA–Protein Complexes
Scale-invariant scalar field dark matter through the Higgs portal
Authors: Cosme Catarina , Rosa João G. , Bertolami O.
Published: May 2018

Abstract

We discuss the dynamics and phenomenology of an oscillating scalar field coupled to the Higgs boson that accounts for the dark matter in the Universe. The model assumes an underlying scale invariance such that the scalar field only acquires mass after the electroweak phase transition, behaving as dark radiation before the latter takes place. While for a positive coupling to the Higgs field the dark scalar is stable, for a negative coupling it acquires a vacuum expectation value after the electroweak phase transition and may decay into photon pairs, albeit with a mean lifetime much larger than the age of the Universe. We explore possible astrophysical and laboratory signatures of such a dark matter candidate in both cases, including annihilation and decay into photons, Higgs decay, photon-dark scalar oscillations and induced oscillations of fundamental constants. We find that dark matter within this scenario will be generically difficult to detect in the near future, except for the promising case of a 7 keV dark scalar decaying into photons, which naturally explains the observed galactic and extra-galactic 3.5 keV X-ray line.
Asymptotic symmetries and subleading soft photon theorem in effective field theories
Authors: Laddha Alok , Mitra Prahar
Published: May 2018

Abstract

In [1, 2] it was shown that the subleading soft photon theorem in tree level amplitudes in massless QED is equivalent to a new class of symmetries of the theory parameterized by a vector field on the celestial sphere. In this paper, we extend these results to the subleading soft photon theorem in any Effective Field Theory containing photons and an arbitrary spectrum of massless particles. We show that the charges associated to the above class of symmetries are sensitive to certain three point functions of the theory and are corrected by irrelevant operators of specific dimensions. Our analysis shows that the subleading soft photon theorem in any tree level scattering amplitude is a statement about asymptotic symmetries of the

$$ \mathcal{S} $$

S

-matrix.
Tree-level quartic for a holographic composite Higgs
Authors: Csáki Csaba , Geller Michael , Telem Ofri
Published: May 2018

Abstract

We present a new class of composite Higgs models where an adjustable treelevel Higgs quartic coupling allows for a significant reduction in the tuning of the Higgs potential. Our 5D warped space implementation is the first example of a holographic composite Higgs model with a tree-level quartic. It is inspired by a 6D model where the quartic originates from the Tr[A
5
, A
6]2 term of the gauge field strength, the same model that led to the original little Higgs construction of Arkani-Hamed, Cohen, and Georgi. Beyond the reduction of the tuning and the standard composite Higgs signatures, the model predicts a doubling of the KK states with relatively small splittings as well as a Higgs sector with two doublets in the decoupling limit.
Effective action for the Yukawa model in curved spacetime
Authors: Toms David J.
Published: May 2018

Abstract

We consider the one-loop renormalization of a real scalar field interacting with a Dirac spinor field in curved spacetime. A general Yukawa interaction is considered which includes both a scalar and a pseudoscalar coupling. The scalar field is assumed to be non-minimally coupled to the gravitational field and to have a general quartic self-interaction potential. All of the one-loop renormalization group functions are evaluated and in the special case where there is no mass scale present in the classical theory (apart from the fields) we evaluate the one-loop effective action up to and including order R
2 in the curvature. In the case where the fermion is massive we include a pseudoscalar mass term in γ5 and we show that although the γ5 term can be removed by a redefinition of the spinor field an anomaly in the effective action arises that is related to the familiar axial current anomaly.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Deployment of smart home management system at the edge: mechanisms and protocols
Authors: Batalla Jordi Mongay , Gonciarz Franciszek
Published: May 2018

Due to growing popularity of smart home systems, smart home security is a topic which is becoming increasingly important. Internet of Things (IoT) devices are obtaining increasing access to private data, but very often it does not mean that improved security mechanisms and mechanisms guaranteeing availability are implemented. The main problem is limited computing power and the limited memory of the nodes used in the network. Moreover, IoT systems are increasingly often managed through the cloud, which causes that their interfaces are available over the Internet. Another problem is the lack of expertise of users which can lead to configuration errors potentially causing data loss and hacker attacks. In this paper, we face up security and availability issues in smart homes and propose an edge-of-things solution that focuses on putting the management of the home at the edge. The management is controlled by the network operator in a similar way as occurs with current set-top-boxes for multimedia streaming at home. We propose an architecture for this system, implement the necessary modules and test it from the point of view of security and availability. The results show that the proposed edge-of-things solution is able to solve many of the challenges that current smart home applications present.
A cautionary note on elasticity analyses in a ternary plot using randomly generated population matrices
Authors: Takada Takenori , Kawai Yuka , Salguero‐Gómez Roberto
Published: May 2018

Matrix population models are one of the most common mathematical models in ecology, which describe the dynamics of stage‐structured populations and provide us many population statistics. One of the statistics, elasticity onto population growth rate, is frequently used and represents the degree of the relative impact of life history parameters to the population growth rate. Due to the utility of elasticities for cross‐taxonomic comparisons, Silvertown and his coauthors have published multiple papers and reported the relationship between elasticities and life forms (or life history) in multiple plant species, using a triangle map (called “ternary plot”). To understand why their elasticities are located in specific regions of the ternary plot, we constructed four archetypes of population matrices, from which we simulated 24,000 randomly generated population matrices and obtained the consequent elasticities. We found a large discrepancy when comparing our results to those in Silvertown et al.'s study (Conserv Biol 10:591–597, 1996): for our simulated matrices where rapid transitions were not allowed (e.g., trees), the elasticity distribution resulted in a line across the ternary plot. We provided the mathematical proof for this result, and found that its slope depends on matrix dimension. We also used 1230 matrices from the COMPADRE Plant Matrix Database and calculated the elasticities. Our simulated results were validated with field data from COMPADRE: two straight lines appeared in the ternary plot. Furthermore, we answered several addressed questions, such as, “Is there any special elasticity distribution in matrices with high population growth rates?” and “Why are the elasticities of natural populations concentrated in the upper half of the ternary plot?”.
On the Effect of Nb on the Microstructure and Properties of Next Generation Polycrystalline Powder Metallurgy Ni-Based Superalloys
Authors: Christofidou Katerina A. , Hardy Mark C. , Li Hang-Yue , Argyrakis Christos , Kitaguchi Hiroto , Jones Nicholas G. , Mignanelli Paul M. , Wilson Alison S. , Messé Olivier M. D. M. , Pickering Ed J. , Gilbert Robert J. , Rae Cathie M. F. , Yu Suyang , Evans Alex , Child Daniel , Bowen Paul , Stone Howard J.
Published: May 2018

The effect of Nb on the properties and microstructure of two novel powder metallurgy (P/M) Ni-based superalloys was evaluated, and the results critically compared with the Rolls-Royce alloy RR1000. The Nb-containing alloy was found to exhibit improved tensile and creep properties as well as superior oxidation resistance compared with both RR1000 and the Nb-free variant tested. The beneficial effect of Nb on the tensile and creep properties was due to the microstructures obtained following the post-solution heat treatments, which led to a higher γ′ volume fraction and a finer tertiary γ′ distribution. In addition, an increase in the anti-phase-boundary energy of the γ′ phase is also expected with the addition of Nb, further contributing to the strength of the material. However, these modifications in the γ′ distribution detrimentally affect the dwell fatigue crack-growth behavior of the material, although this behavior can be improved through modified heat treatments. The oxidation resistance of the Nb-containing alloy was also enhanced as Nb is believed to accelerate the formation of a defect-free Cr2O3 scale. Overall, both developmental alloys, with and without the addition of Nb, were found to exhibit superior properties than RR1000.
Characterizing the literature on validity and assessment in medical education: a bibliometric study
Authors: Young Meredith , St-Onge Christina , Xiao Jing , Vachon Lachiver Elise , Torabi Nazi
Published: May 2018

Introduction Assessment in Medical Education fills many roles and is under constant scrutiny. Assessments must be of good quality, and supported by validity evidence. Given the high-stakes consequences of assessment, and the many audiences within medical education (e. g., training level, specialty-specific), we set out to document the breadth, scope, and characteristics of the literature reporting on validation of assessments within medical education.
Method Searches in Medline (Ovid), Web of Science, ERIC, EMBASE (Ovid), and PsycINFO (Ovid) identified articles reporting on assessment of learners in medical education published since 1999. Included articles were coded for geographic origin, journal, journal category, targeted assessment, and authors. A map of collaborations between prolific authors was generated.
Results A total of 2,863 articles were included. The majority of articles were from the United States, with Canada producing the most articles per medical school. Most articles were published in journals with medical categorizations (73.1% of articles), but Medical Education was the most represented journal (7.4% of articles). Articles reported on a variety of assessment tools and approaches, and 89 prolific authors were identified, with a total of 228 collaborative links.
Discussion Literature reporting on validation of assessments in medical education is heterogeneous. Literature is produced by a broad array of authors and collaborative networks, reported to a broad audience, and is primarily generated in North American and European contexts.
Geometric and amino acid type determinants for protein‐protein interaction interfaces
Authors: Yang Yongxiao , Wang Wei , Lou Yuan , Yin Jianxin , Gong Xinqi
Published: May 2018

Background

Protein‐protein interactions are essential to many biological processes. The binding site information of protein‐protein complexes is extremely useful to obtain their structures from biochemical experiments. Geometric description of protein structures is the precondition of protein binding site prediction and protein‐protein interaction analysis. The previous description of protein surface residues is incomplete, and little attention are paid to the implication of residue types for binding site prediction.

Methods

Here, we found three new geometric features to characterize protein surface residues which are very effective for protein‐protein interface residue prediction. The new features and several commonly used descriptors were employed to train millions of residue type‐nonspecific or specific protein binding site predictors.

Results

The amino acid type‐specific predictors are superior to the models without distinction of amino acid types. The performances of the best predictors are much better than those of the sophisticated methods developed before.

Conclusions

The results demonstrate that the geometric properties and amino acid types are very likely to determine if a protein surface residue would become an interface one when the protein binds to its partner.
Tethered Balloon Technology in Design Solutions for Rescue and Relief Team Emergency Communication Services
Authors: Alsamhi Saeed Hamood , Ansari Mohd. Samar , Ma Ou , Almalki Faris , Gupta Sachin Kumar
Published: May 2018

The actions taken at the initial times of a disaster are critical. Catastrophe occurs because of terrorist acts or natural hazards which have the potential to disrupt the infrastructure of wireless communication networks. Therefore, essential emergency functions such as search, rescue, and recovery operations during a catastrophic event will be disabled. We propose tethered balloon technology to provide efficient emergency communication services and reduce casualty mortality and morbidity for disaster recovery. The tethered balloon is an actively developed research area and a simple solution to support the performance, facilities, and services of emergency medical communication. The most critical requirement for rescue and relief teams is having a higher quality of communication services which enables them to save people’s lives. Using our proposed technology, it has been reported that the performance of rescue and relief teams significantly improved. OPNET Modeler 14.5 is used for a network simulated with the help of ad hoc tools (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:203–210).
LOCAL SYSTEMS ON COMPLEMENTS OF ARRANGEMENTS OF SMOOTH, COMPLEX ALGEBRAIC HYPERSURFACES
Authors: DENHAM GRAHAM , SUCIU ALEXANDER I.
Published: May 2018

We consider smooth, complex quasiprojective varieties$U$that admit a compactification with a boundary, which is an arrangement of smooth algebraic hypersurfaces. If the hypersurfaces intersect locally like hyperplanes, and the relative interiors of the hypersurfaces are Stein manifolds, we prove that the cohomology of certain local systems on$U$vanishes. As an application, we show that complements of linear, toric, and elliptic arrangements are both duality and abelian duality spaces.
Educating for/inCaritas: A Pedagogy of Friendship for Catholic Higher Education in Our Divided Time
Authors: Hanchin Timothy
Published: May 2018

The sweeping movement of student protest over racial discord on university campuses reflects intractable divisions in the public square. Catholic higher education is obligated by its mission to address this interpersonal situation with practices of healing as integral to its formational end. This article approaches Thomas Groome's shared Christian praxis as a “pedagogy ofcaritas” in light of Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas. The focusing activity and five movements of shared Christian praxis enact the dynamic structure of Bernard Lonergan's cognitional and existential interiority. Friendship praxis sets the conditions for the possibility of self-transcendence and healing for a commodified and increasingly diverse community of learners. A pedagogy of friendship is a promising integrative teaching strategy for a Catholic university in our divided time.
I. The Nonviolence–Just War Nexus
Authors: Christiansen Drew
Published: May 2018

Gerald Schlabach wrote that a key test of progress for Catholicism in its dialogue with the historic peace churches on nonviolence and the use of force would be that the church's teaching on nonviolence would become “church wide and parish deep.” While modern Catholic social teaching has recognized nonviolence since the time of the Second Vatican Council, and Pope Saint John Paul II gave nonviolence strong, formal endorsement in his 1991 encyclical Centesimus Annus, the church's teaching on nonviolence is hardly known in the pews. If they are familiar at all with Catholic teaching on peace and war, most Catholics would know the just-war tradition, especially through the US bishops’ 1983 pastoral letter, The Challenge of Peace. But the newer and still relatively slight teaching on nonviolence is hardly known at all. Only by rare exception do Catholic preachers address issues of peace and war.
Beyond Procreation: Rereading Aquinas in the Context of Involuntary Childlessness in West and Central Africa
Authors: Mben Joseph Loic
Published: May 2018

This article tries to construct an ethical framework to address the issue of infertility through a creative use of Thomas Aquinas’ thought. Involuntary childlessness is one of the forgotten issues among Christian communities in West and Central Africa. Starting with the scientific definition of infertility, the article shows the gender differences and biases in the perception of childlessness in that region. Although infertility equally affects men and women, the latter, most of the time, are blamed for it. Although Scripture contains some ambivalent elements concerning infertility, on the whole it offers valuable insights by presenting childlessness as a type of life also blessed by God. Likewise, the language of the church since Vatican II has done away with the hierarchical view of the ends of marriage (or the idea that procreation is the primary goal of marriage over and against the unity of the spouses). Aquinas teaches us about the true nature of marriage and the value of childlessness. In addition, Aquinas’ understanding of love helps articulate areas that could guide infertile individuals and childless couples, on the one hand, and Christian communities, on the other hand, who have to deal with childless members.
Fluid particle dynamics and the non-local origin of the Reynolds shear stress
Authors: Bernard Peter S. , Erinin Martin A.
Published: May 2018

The causative factors leading to the Reynolds shear stress distribution in turbulent channel flow are analysed via a backward particle path analysis. It is found that the classical displacement transport mechanism, by which changes in the mean velocity field over a mixing time correlate with the wall-normal velocity, is the dominant source of Reynolds shear stress. Approximately 20 % of channel flow at any given time contains fluid motions that contribute to displacement transport. Much rarer events provide a small but non-negligible contribution to the Reynolds shear stress due to fluid particle accelerations and long-lived correlations deriving from structural features of the near-wall flow. The Reynolds shear stress in channel flow is shown to be a non-local phenomenon that is not conducive to description via a local model and particularly one depending directly on the local mean velocity gradient.
Relationship Characteristics and Dyadic Approaches to HIV Health-Enhancing Behaviours Among a Sample of Same-Sex Male Couples From Three U.S. Cities
Authors: Marsack Jessica , Kahle Erin , Suarez Nicolas A. , Mimiaga Matthew J. , Garofalo Robert , Brown Emily , Bratcher Anna Marie , Wimbly Taylor , Hidalgo Marco A. , Hoehnle Samuel , Thai Jennie , Sullivan Patrick S. , Stephenson Rob
Published: May 2018

Recent modelling estimates up to two-thirds of new HIV infections among men who have sex with men occur within partnerships, indicating the importance of dyadic HIV prevention efforts. Although new interventions are available to promote dyadic health-enhancing behaviours, minimal research has examined what factors influence partners’ mutual engagement in these behaviours, a critical component of intervention success. Actor-partner interdependence modelling was used to examine associations between relationship characteristics and several dyadic outcomes theorised as antecedents to health-enhancing behaviours: planning and decision making, communication, and joint effort. Among 270 male-male partnerships, relationship satisfaction was significantly associated with all three outcomes for actors (p = .02, .02, .06 respectively). Latino men reported poorer planning and decision making (actor p = .032) and communication (partner p = .044). Alcohol use was significantly and negatively associated with all outcomes except actors’ planning and decision making (actors: p = .11, .038, .004 respectively; partners: p = .03, .056, .02 respectively). Having a sexual agreement was significantly associated with actors’ planning and decision making (p = .007) and communication (p = .008). Focusing on interactions between partners produces a more comprehensive understanding of male couples’ ability to engage in health-enhancing behaviours. This knowledge further identifies new and important foci for the tailoring of dyadic HIV prevention and care interventions.
Judicial leadership on the UK Supreme Court
Authors: Hunter Rosemary , Rackley Erika
Published: May 2018

This paper examines judicial leadership on the UK Supreme Court. It does not confine itself to the formal roles of the President and Deputy President. Rather, building on existing categories of judicial leadership, including administrative, jurisprudential and community leadership, it considers the contributions of all 12 Justices. In so doing, it provides a significant compilation of quantitative data on the activities of the Justices of the Supreme Court both on and off the bench from the the Court's inception in 2009 to the end of the 2014-2015 legal year. From this, we suggest that while a number of the Justices engaged in one or two broad forms of leadership – with Lady Hale in particular demonstrating a substantial degree of leadership across all three dimensions – at the other end of the spectrum, at least on the measures used in this paper, a significant minority did not. In the light of this, and the significant number of recent and forthcoming retirements from the Court, the paper concludes by considering the implications of our findings for the future of the Court. We argue that these retirements will result in gaps in both formal and informal judicial leadership, and it is vital that these gaps are filled by appointees who are capable of, and prepared to step up to, diverse and varied forms of judicial leadership.
Iron supplementation has minor effects on gut microbiota composition in overweight and obese women in early pregnancy
Authors: Dekker Nitert Marloes , Gomez-Arango Luisa F. , Barrett Helen L. , McIntyre H. David , Anderson Gregory J. , Frazer David M. , Callaway Leonie K.
Published: May 2018

Fe is an essential nutrient for many bacteria, and Fe supplementation has been reported to affect the composition of the gut microbiota in both Fe-deficient and Fe-replete individuals outside pregnancy. This study examined whether the dose of Fe in pregnancy multivitamin supplements affects the overall composition of the gut microbiota in overweight and obese pregnant women in early pregnancy. Women participating in the SPRING study with a faecal sample obtained at 16 weeks’ gestation were included in this substudy. For each subject, the brand of multivitamin used was recorded. Faecal microbiome composition was assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing and analysed with the QIIME software suite. Dietary intake of Fe was assessed using a FFQ at 16 weeks’ gestation. Women were grouped as receiving low (<60 mg/d,n94) or high (≥60 mg/d;n65) Fe supplementation. The median supplementary Fe intake in the low group was 10 (interquartile range (IQR) 5–10)v. 60 (IQR 60–60) mg/d in the high group (P<0·001). Dietary Fe intake did not differ between the groups (10·0 (IQR 7·4–13·3)v. 9·8 (IQR 8·2–13·2) mg/d). Fe supplementation did not significantly affect the composition of the faecal microbiome at any taxonomic level. Network analysis showed that the gut microbiota in the low Fe supplementation group had a higher predominance of SCFA producers. Pregnancy multivitamin Fe content has a minor effect on the overall composition of the gut microbiota of overweight and obese pregnant women at 16 weeks’ gestation.
THE CISG AND THE UNITED KINGDOM—EXPLORING COHERENCY AND PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors: Hayward Benjamin , Zeller Bruno , Andersen Camilla Baasch
Published: May 2018

The United Kingdom remains one of the world's last industrialized nations not to have adopted the CISG. The UK CISG debate has endured for decades, with existing analysis largely focusing on competition, assessing the relative merits of the CISG and English law. This article's analysis is complementary; focusing instead on coherence, and the private international law implications of UK accession. This article assesses contractual interpretation, and commodity sales, within an overarching private international law framework. Recognizing the necessity of existing competitive analyses, it makes the case for UK CISG accession on the basis of its complementary coherency perspective.
A STUDY OF THE HERITABILITY OF INTELLIGENCE
IN SUDAN
Authors: Toto Howida Sirelkhatim
                                                  Abdalrahim , Piffer Davide , Khaleefa Omar Haroun , Bader Rogai Al-Sayed
                                                  Al-Tayeb , Bakhiet Salaheldin Farah
                                                  Attallah , Lynn Richard , Essa Yossry Ahmed Sayed
Published: May 2018

Intelligence was assessed using the Standard
Progressive Matrices in 316 MZ and 550 same-sex DZ
twins with a mean age of 10 years in Sudan.
Heritability was estimated at 0.172 and shared
environmental influences at 0.596.
The effect of transportation and lairage on faecal shedding and carcass contamination withEscherichia coliO157 and O26 in very young calves in New Zealand
Authors: Jaros P. , Cookson A. L. , Reynolds A. , Withers H. , Clemens R. , Brightwell G. , Mills J. , Marshall J. , Prattley D. J. , Campbell D. M. , Hathaway S. , French N. P.
Published: May 2018

The effect of transportation and lairage on the faecal shedding and post-slaughter contamination of carcasses withEscherichia coliO157 and O26 in young calves (4–7-day-old) was assessed in a cohort study at a regional calf-processing plant in the North Island of New Zealand, following 60 calves as cohorts from six dairy farms to slaughter. Multiple samples from each animal at pre-slaughter (recto-anal mucosal swab) and carcass at post-slaughter (sponge swab) were collected and screened using real-time PCR and culture isolation methods for the presence ofE. coliO157 and O26 (Shiga toxin-producingE. coli(STEC) and non-STEC). Genotype analysis ofE. coliO157 and O26 isolates provided little evidence of faecal–oral transmission of infection between calves during transportation and lairage. Increased cross-contamination of hides and carcasses withE. coliO157 and O26 between co-transported calves was confirmed at pre-hide removal and post-evisceration stages but not at pre-boning (at the end of dressing prior to chilling), indicating that good hygiene practices and application of an approved intervention effectively controlled carcass contamination. This study was the first of its kind to assess the impact of transportation and lairage on the faecal carriage and post-harvest contamination of carcasses withE. coliO157 and O26 in very young calves.
Interaction in a discussion list: An exploration of cognitive, social, and teaching presence in teachers’ online collaborations
Authors: Nami Fatemeh , Marandi S. Susan , Sotoudehnama Elaheh
Published: May 2018

Discussion lists have gained a significant popularity in professional development research over the past few decades for the opportunity they provide for asynchronous interaction. This article presents findings from a small-scale case study that aimed at exploring the nature of teachers’ asynchronous exchanges in a discussion list. The data comprised the archived log of the messages in a Yahoo Group discussion list by five in-service English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers who volunteered to take part in a hybrid computer-assisted language learning (CALL) teacher education course in a state university in Iran. The discussion list was incorporated into the course to engage participants in professional dialogue on topics related to technology/CALL. During the initial data analysis, participants’ asynchronous exchanges were grouped as suggestions, questions, unclassified, answers, and delivery, drawing upon Oriogun and Cave’s (2008) SQUAD categorization, following the constant comparative method of analysis. Through a follow-up computer-mediated discourse analysis, cognitive, social, and teaching presence functional moves were identified in the data. Participants used the space not only for socializing and peer instruction but also for constructing knowledge. Despite an uneven pattern of contribution, asynchronous exchanges provided opportunities for knowledge construction at different levels of cognitive presence on topics ranging from technology tools and their affordances/constraints to computer-assisted language testing, materials development, and classroom management. The findings provide CALL teacher education researchers and course designers insights into the potential of asynchronous interaction for online and blended language teacher education.
Automorphisms of types in certain type theories and representation of finite groups
Authors: SOLOVIEV SERGEI
Published: May 2018

The automorphism groups of types in several systems of type theory are studied. It is shown that in simply typed λ-calculus λ1βη and in its extension with surjective pairing and terminal object these groups correspond exactly to the groups of automorphisms of finite trees. In second-order λ-calculus and in Luo's framework (LF) with dependent products, any finite group may be represented.
Eigenvalue Ratios of Non-Negatively Curved Graphs
Authors: LIU SHIPING , PEYERIMHOFF NORBERT
Published: May 2018

We derive an optimal eigenvalue ratio estimate for finite weighted graphs satisfying the curvature-dimension inequalityCD(0, ∞). This estimate is independent of the size of the graph and provides a general method to obtain higher-order spectral estimates. The operation of taking Cartesian products is shown to be an efficient way for constructing new weighted graphs satisfyingCD(0, ∞). We also discuss a higher-order Cheeger constant-ratio estimate and related topics about expanders.
Pediatric Brain Development in Down Syndrome: A Field in Its Infancy
Authors: Hamner Taralee , Udhnani Manisha D. , Osipowicz Karol Z. , Lee Nancy Raitano
Published: May 2018

Objectives:As surprisingly little is known about the developing brain studiedin vivoin youth with Down syndrome (DS), the current review summarizes the small DS pediatric structural neuroimaging literature and begins to contextualize existing research within a developmental framework.Methods:A systematic review of the literature was completed, effect sizes from published studies were reviewed, and results are presented with respect to the DS cognitive behavioral phenotype and typical brain development.Results:The majority of DS structural neuroimaging studies describe gross differences in brain morphometry and do not use advanced neuroimaging methods to provide nuanced descriptions of the brain. There is evidence for smaller total brain volume (TBV), total gray matter (GM) and white matter, cortical lobar, hippocampal, and cerebellar volumes. When reductions in TBV are accounted for, specific reductions are noted in subregions of the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, cerebellum, and hippocampus. A review of cortical lobar effect sizes reveals mostly large effect sizes from early childhood through adolescence. However, deviance is smaller in adolescence. Despite these smaller effects, frontal GM continues to be largely deviant in adolescence. An examination of age-frontal GM relations using effect sizes from published studies and data from Lee et al. (2016) reveals that while there is a strong inverse relationship between age and frontal GM volume in controls across childhood and adolescence, this is not observed in DS.Conclusions:Further developmentally focused research, ideally using longitudinal neuroimaging, is needed to elucidate the nature of the DS neuroanatomic phenotype during childhood and adolescence. (JINS, 2018,24, 966–976)
A MULTIPHASE MULTISCALE MODEL FOR NUTRIENT LIMITED TISSUE GROWTH
Authors: HOLDEN E. C. , COLLIS J. , BROOK B. S. , O’DEA R. D.
Published: May 2018

We derive an effective macroscale description for the growth of tissue on a porous scaffold. A multiphase model is employed to describe the tissue dynamics; linearisation to facilitate a multiple-scale homogenisation provides an effective macroscale description, which incorporates dependence on the microscale structure and dynamics. In particular, the resulting description admits both interstitial growth and active cell motion. This model comprises Darcy flow, and differential equations for the volume fraction of cells within the scaffold and the concentration of nutrient, required for growth. These are coupled with Stokes-type cell problems on the microscale, incorporating dependence on active cell motion and pore scale structure. The cell problems provide the permeability tensors with which the macroscale flow is parameterised. A subset of solutions is illustrated by numerical simulations.
WHY AFTERIMAGES ARE METAPHYSICALLY MYSTERIOUS
Authors: Frances Bryan
Published: May 2018

Given how important colour is to us, it's not surprising that we have learned a great deal about colour over the centuries. However, what is much less well known – almost completely unknown outside philosophy – is the fact that colour remains a mystery: there are some simple facts about colour that lead to paradoxes that no one has been able to solve for centuries.
The Status of Latin in Portugal: Resilience and Resistance
Authors: Pereira Susana Marta
Published: May 2018

In our present times Languages and Humanities seem to be neglected in lieu of Science and Technology courses, and both teachers and parents redirect students towards courses that are said to make them more employable. This utilitarian view of education does not always provide the expected results and, in the short to medium term, ends up having nefarious consequences in the way humanity sees itself and how it supports humanist values. Whenever we ignore our past and look at it as if it were something useless and without relevance, we end up being, in a sense, overwhelmed with an admirable but ephemeral new world, where everything is illusory and without support. It is in this respect that the teaching of Latin in Portugal, as has been the case in other European countries, has been relegated to the old and the outdated, supposedly without any practical usefulness.
Spoken Latin: Learning, Teaching, Lecturing and Research
Authors: Avitus A. Gratius
Published: May 2018

My experiences both as a learner and as a teacher of Latin have led me to the conviction that speaking Latin advances a more nuanced understanding of the language, and leads to an enhanced level of reading fluency and greater ease in engaging closely with the text. Even after having studied the language to any degree of competence in a passive capacity, bringing it into active use does not come without some investment of time and effort. With the intention of facilitating access to the benefits of speaking Latin fluently, I have set out some recommendations for those who would like to explore this approach, and put together an overview of its recent spread in formal teaching, and in research, around the UK and Europe. It is my hope that in drawing attention to the rapidly increasing number of initiatives, this article will promote cross-fertilisation of ideas between the disparate influencers in the field of Latin pedagogy.
On Language Teaching
Authors: Ruppel Antonia
Published: May 2018

‘Anyone can teach Latin, while teaching Greek is hard’. ‘Introductory language courses are easier to teach than intermediate/text-based courses’. These are views that the author of this article has heard voiced in Classics departments on both sides of the Atlantic. They reflect underlying assumptions about language teaching that often have very practical effects on who is assigned what kinds of teaching, and how those instructors approach their task.
Getting Classics into Secondary Schools: Three Case Studies
Authors: Hunt Steven
Published: May 2018

Despite the challenges which are involved, some secondary schools show determination to get Classics onto the timetable and into their curricular provision. The following three case studies draw on interviews with the people directly involved in doing so: the Principals and the teachers themselves. These experiences were captured at the time when they were getting Classics into their schools. The first is derived from an interview with a qualified specialist Classics teacher, ‘Rachel’, working in London. Latin already had a presence there from when the school had employed a part-time teacher; the remit was the development of a full Classics department. The second is based on interviews with the school head teacher and a non-specialist Modern Languages teacher ‘Yvonne’ who had been employed to start a Classics department from scratch in a school in the Midlands. The third is based on an interview with the Principal of an academy which had decided to introduce Latin not only into her own school with a new teacher ‘George’, but also into one that was not yet built. The respondents’ real names have, of course, been changed.
Weed Control and Tolerance of Sulfonylurea Herbicides in Caladium
Authors: Yu Jialin , Boyd Nathan S.
Published: May 2018

Control of broadleaf weeds in caladium is difficult due in part to a lack of selective POST herbicides. Cultivation is not an option due to the dense canopy and potential for tuber injury. As a result, growers currently rely on preemergence (PRE) herbicide and hand-weeding. The objective of this research was to evaluate the control of four common broadleaf weeds of field grown caladium with POST applications of halosulfuron, thifensulfuron-methyl, and trifloxysulfuron, and determine the tolerance of caladium cultivars ‘Florida Fantasy’ and ‘Florida cardinal’ to POST applications of halosulfuron. At 4 weeks after treatment (WAT), thifensufluron-methyl at 28 g ai ha−1 and trifloxysulfuron at 84 g ai ha−1 provided approximately 90 and 70% common purslane control, respectively, while halosulfuron at 210 g ai ha−1 provided 55% suppression. Trifloxysulfuron controlled ≥90% spotted spurge at 42 g ha−1, whereas the highest rate of halosulfuron and thifensulfuron-methyl only achieved 60% suppression. In field experiments, the evaluated sulfonylurea (SU) herbicides were less efficacious on hairy indigo and sharppod morningglory as control never exceeded 65 and 50%, respectively. In greenhouse experiments, the evaluated halosulfuron rates ranging from 26 to 420 g ha−1 did not significantly reduce caladium tuber weight from the nontreated control. Averaged over halosulfuron rates, ‘Florida Fantasy’ damage was 5 and 6% at 2 and 4 WAT, respectively, while ‘Florida Cardinal’ damage was 11%. We conclude that none of the herbicide treatments effectively controlled all species evaluated. Sequential treatments, higher rates, or tank-mixtures may be necessary to adequately control these species. We also conclude that caladium cultivars ‘Florida Fantasy’ and ‘Florida Cardinal’ have acceptable tolerance to POST applications of halosulfuron. Further research is needed to evaluate caladium tolerance to other SU herbicides.
CME: Tollwut-Update: Symptome, Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Kühlewindt Tobias
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung. Tollwut ist eine der ältesten bekannten Infektionskrankheiten und sicherlich, aufgrund ihres teils imposanten Verlaufs, eine der am meisten gefürchteten. Trotz stetiger Verbesserung der medizinischen Behandlungsmöglichkeiten verläuft die Krankheit nach Symptombeginn weiterhin nahezu immer tödlich. Aufgrund der Urbanisierung mit abnehmender Infektionsrate in Mitteleuropa ist die Tollwut etwas aus dem Fokus der Öffentlichkeit verschwunden. Die zuletzt wieder zunehmende Thematisierung von Tollwut in Presse und Fernsehen ist jedoch begründet. Die Zahl der weltweiten Todesfälle aufgrund von Tollwut ist weiterhin hoch, und die Gefahr einer Ansteckung im Urlaub oder hier zu Lande, z.B. aufgrund von illegaler Einfuhr infizierter Tiere, aktuell.
Blasenentleerungsstörung beim Mann: ein Symptom, viele Ursachen
Authors: Cermak Stefanie , Putman Scott
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung. Miktionsbeschwerden beim Mann sind ein alltägliches Problem in der Hausarztpraxis. Die Beschwerden werden als «Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms» (LUTS) zusammengefasst und sind häufig Ausdruck einer Prostatavergrösserung und der dadurch bedingten Blasenauslassobstruktion. Differenzialdiagnostisch sind nicht durch die Prostata bedingte LUTS auszuschliessen. Die Basisdiagnostik erfolgt mittels Anamnese, klinischer Untersuchung, Combur-Test und Ultraschall. Hierbei können die häufigsten Diagnosen bereits gestellt werden und eine Therapie kann in die Wege geleitet werden. Sollten sich bereits sekundäre Veränderungen des Harntrakts (dilatierte obere Harnwege, Blasendivertikelbildung) zeigen, sind eine fachärztliche Beurteilung und eine operative Therapie indiziert.
Keine Therapie trotz spezifischer Facharzt-Empfehlung?
Authors: Gross Thomas
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung. Im Rahmen eines Qualitätsprojekts zur Behandlung von Osteoporosefrakturen fiel auf, dass fachärztliche Therapie-Empfehlungen oftmals nicht umgesetzt wurden, was genauer untersucht werden sollte. Durchgeführt wurde eine systematisch vergleichende Fragebogen-Evaluation bei Patienten wie Hausärzten (n = 151) ein Jahr nach empfohlener Osteoporosetherapie. In 53 % der Fälle folgten die Hausärzte der vom Spezialisten empfohlenen Osteoporosetherapie-Indikation, häufiger, wenn diese medizinisch enger gestellt wurde (p <0,001). Sofern der Patient eine hausärztliche Verordnung erhalten hatte, entsprach diese meist der Spezialisten-Empfehlung (94 %). 74 % der Patienten folgten der hausärztlichen Verschreibung. Patienten gaben am häufigsten eine fehlende Verordnung als Grund für die Nichteinnahme der vom Spezialisten empfohlenen Medikamente an (39 %), hingegen nannten Hausärzte am häufigsten ein Patienten-Desinteresse (44 %). Die beobachteten Diskrepanzen sprechen für einen Bedarf an verbesserter Information, insbesondere im Fall einer eher aggressiv gestellten Therapieindikation.