bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dysregulation of plasma circulating microRNAs in all-cause and cause-specific cancers: the Rotterdam Study
Authors: Shuai Yu , Zhang Xiaofang , Lavrijssen Birgit D. A. , Ikram M. Arfan , Ruiter Rikje , Stricker Bruno , Ghanbari Mohsen
Published: August 2024

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Mounting evidence underscores the dysregulation of miRNAs to be associated with cancer development and progression by acting as tumour suppressors and oncogenes. However, their potential as biomarkers for early diagnosis of different cancers remains incompletely unraveled. We explored the relationship between plasma circulatory miRNAs and cancer risk within the population-based Rotterdam Study cohort. Plasma samples were collected at baseline (between 2002 and 2005) and miRNA levels were measured in 1,999 participants, including 169 prevalent cancer cases. The occurrence of cancer was assessed by continuous monitoring of medical records in 1,830 cancer-free participants until January 1, 2015. We assessed the association between incidence of five common cancers (blood, lung, breast, prostate, and colorectal) and 591 miRNAs well-expressed in plasma, using adjusted Cox proportional-hazards regression models. Our longitudinal analysis identified 13 miRNAs significantly associated with incident hematologic tumors surpassing the Bonferroni-corrected P < 8.46 × 10− 5, 12 of them (miR-6124, miR-6778-5p, miR-5196, miR-654-5p, miR-4478, miR-4430, miR-4534, miR-1915-3p, miR-4644, miR-4292, miR-7111-5p, and miR-6870-5p) were also associated with prevalent hematologic tumors in the cross-sectional analysis at the baseline. In-silico analyses of the putative target genes of 13 identified miRNAs highlighted relevant genes and pathways linked to hematologic tumors. While no significant miRNA association was found for other four studied cancers, two miRNAs (miR-3157-5p and miR-3912-5p) showed nominal association with incident of three different cancer types. Overall, this study indicates that plasma levels of several miRNAs are dysregulated in hematologic tumors, highlighting their potential as biomarkers for early diagnosis as well as being involved in the pathogenesis of blood cancers.
Enhancing Ni–Ti shape memory alloy diffusion bonding with Ti/Ni reactive multilayer foils
Authors: Mokhles Mohammad , Zebarjad Seyed Mojtaba , Danesh-Manesh Habib , Dandekar Tushar R.
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the utilization of Ti/Ni reactive multilayer foils as an energy source for facilitating the joining of Ni–Ti shape memory alloys through diffusion bonding. Multilayered samples were prepared using a 10-cycle accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process to be used for the bonding process. Diffusion bonding employing reactive multilayers was conducted over a temperature range of 600 °C to 900 °C, at 5 MPa pressure, with a 1-h hold time. Additionally, a comparison was made with a diffusion-bonded Nitinol sample at 900 °C without a reactive multilayer. Materials characterization and testing involved scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), shear strength testing, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), which were conducted on the bonded samples. The findings underscored the advantages of using reactive multilayers for diffusion bonding. These benefits included the formation of TiNi and the induction of a shape memory effect in the joint region, alongside a 1.5 times shear strength compared to identical diffusion bonding conditions without reactive multilayers. Moreover, employing reactive multilayers in the diffusion bonding of Nitinol holds promise for significantly reducing the energy needed to achieve robust and seamless bonded boundaries in the joining area.
Patient’s Perception of the Role of Gym Activity in Abdominal Wall Herniation in Adults: A Prospective Study
Authors: Boruah Prabir , Daoud Rabbani Mahmoud ElSayed Hassan , Walsh Dylan Viani , Kharytaniuk Natallia , Fredericks Salim , Ryan James , Abdelatif Asila , Birido Nuha , Walsh Thomas Noel
Published: August 2024

Background

Despite significant changes in healthcare, work practices, and leisure activity, the proposed precipitating factors for abdominal wall hernias have remained largely unchanged for almost two centuries. We aimed to investigate if there have been shifts in these factors over time by examining patients’ perception of precipitating factors for abdominal wall hernia development. This study was conducted in the Royal College of Surgeons In Ireland Department of Surgery, Connolly Hospital, Blanchardstown, Dublin, where patients with abdominal wall hernias completed a questionnaire  .

Results

A total of 277 patients (mean age 55.7; 85.6% male) with abdominal wall hernia completed the questionnaire (66.1% inguinal; 10.8% umbilical; 6.9% paraumbilical; 10.5% epigastric; 3.2% incisional; 1.4% femoral, and 1.1% port-site). One hundred and twenty patients (43.3%) believed their hernia was due to lifting, 71 (25.6%) cited gym activity and 17 (6.1%) cited other sporting activities as the precipitating factor. Traditional factors – chronic cough and constipation - were cumulatively cited only by 11 patients (4.0%), while prostatic obstruction was not cited by any.

Conclusion

This study suggests that fitness pursuits may be an increasing contributor to the development of abdominal wall hernia. Greater attention should be paid to the proper use of gym equipment to minimise the risk of hernia development.
Deficiency of Peptidylglycine-alpha-amidating Monooxygenase, a Cause of Sarcopenic Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Giontella Alice , Åkerlund Mikael , Bronton Kevin , Fava Cristiano , Lotta Luca A , Baras Aris , Overton John D , Jones Marcus , Bergmann Andreas , Kaufmann Paul , Ilina Yulia , Melander Olle
Published: August 2024

Context

Peptidylglycine-α-amidating monooxygenase (PAM) is a critical enzyme in the endocrine system responsible for activation, by amidation, of bioactive peptides.

Objective

To define the clinical phenotype of carriers of genetic mutations associated with impaired PAM-amidating activity (PAM-AMA).

Design

We used genetic and phenotypic data from cohort studies: the Malmö Diet and Cancer (MDC; 1991-1996; reexamination in 2002-2012), the Malmö Preventive Project (MPP; 2002-2006), and the UK Biobank (UKB; 2012).

Setting

Exome-wide association analysis was used to identify loss-of-function (LoF) variants associated with reduced PAM-AMA and subsequently used for association with the outcomes.

Patients or Other Participants

This study included n∼4500 participants from a subcohort of the MDC (MDC-Cardiovascular cohort), n∼4500 from MPP, and n∼300,000 from UKB.

Main Outcome Measures

Endocrine-metabolic traits suggested by prior literature, muscle mass, muscle function, and sarcopenia.

Results

Two LoF variants in the PAM gene, Ser539Trp (minor allele frequency: 0.7%) and Asp563Gly (5%), independently contributed to a decrease of 2.33 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.52/2.15; P = 2.5E−140] and 0.98 (1.04/0.92; P = 1.12E−225) SD units of PAM-AMA, respectively. The cumulative effect of the LoF was associated with diabetes, reduced insulin secretion, and higher levels of GH and IGF-1. Moreover, carriers had reduced muscle mass and function, followed by a higher risk of sarcopenia. Indeed, the Ser539Trp mutation increased the risk of sarcopenia by 30% (odds ratio 1.31; 95% CI: 1.16/1.47; P = 9.8E−06), independently of age and diabetes.

Conclusion

PAM-AMA genetic deficiency results in a prediabetic sarcopenic phenotype. Early identification of PAM LoF carriers would allow targeted exercise interventions and calls for novel therapies that restore enzymatic activity.
Talent management of library and information science professionals: A review of research and future directions
Authors: Rautaray Bijayalaxmi , Swain Dillip K , Swain Chandrakant
Published: August 2024

Background This study aims to review the extant literature on talent management with the objective of influencing library and information management by addressing the key facets of talent management, such as talent management strategies, importance of career development, evaluation of talented employees, and organizational resilience. Methodology Literature on the development of talent and career management was retrieved from various scholarly papers indexed in Scopus and Web of Science to have a meticulous literature review serving as the platform of the present study. In light of the authors’ observations, two models were developed. The literature provides precise information that talent management plays a decisive role in promoting organizational excellence invariably in all kinds of organizations in general and libraries in particular. Results This study provides constructive recommendations for the implementation of effective talent management and retention policies for library and information professionals. Moreover, this study adds immense value to the corpus of existing literature to set a platform for the augmentation of library management in futuristic vision. Conclusion This study provides constructive recommendations to policy makers and library administrators to foster talented employees for excelling library and information services for the next several decades.
A guide to selecting high-performing antibodies for Huntingtin (UniProt ID: P42858) for use in western blot, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence
Authors: Fanti Rebeka , Ayoubi Riham , Alende Charles , Fotouhi Maryam , González Bolívar Sara , Chandrasekaran Renu , Southern Kathleen , Edwards Aled M. , Harding Rachel J. , Laflamme Carl ,   NeuroSGC/YCharOS/EDDU collaborative group,   ABIF consortium
Published: August 2024

Huntingtin encodes a 3144 amino acid protein, with a polyglutamine repeat tract at the N-terminus. Expansion of this repeat tract above a pathogenic threshold of 36 repeats is the causative mutation of Huntington's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of striatal neurons. Here we have characterized twenty Huntingtin commercial antibodies for western blot, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence using a standardized experimental protocol based on comparing read-outs in knockout cell lines and isogenic parental controls. These studies are part of a larger, collaborative initiative seeking to address antibody reproducibility issues by characterizing commercially available antibodies for human proteins and publishing the results openly as a resource for the scientific community. While use of antibodies and protocols vary between laboratories, we encourage readers to use this report as a guide to select the most appropriate antibodies for their specific needs.
Detection of Axial Locations of Control Rods Using Movable In-core Detectors
Authors: Timpano Daniele , Kolbe Edwin , Soubelet Benoit
Published: August 2024

Background Reactivity control in Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs) relies on Rod Cluster Control Assemblies (RCCAs), or control rods (CRs), and boric acid diluted in primary circuit water. The control rods’ axial location inside the reactor core is typically provided by means of two redundant systems: the Rod Positioning Indicator (RPI) and the Rod Control System (RCS). Methods The current work focuses on the development of an additional method for the detection of control rod axial location inside the reactor core of a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) using the Advanced Flux Mapping System (AFMS) and its Movable In-core Detectors (MIDS). The paper presents the methodology employed and the results of the first validation campaigns. Results Two validation campaigns were carried out, targeting respectively equilibrium and non-equilibrium xenon axial distribution. The routine proved successful in identifying control rods’ axial insertion in different operating conditions including Flux Maps (FMs) acquired at 2%, 50% and 75% power. Conclusions The routine developed at Beznau Nuclear Power Plant will serve as an additional core monitoring tool to be employed in case of suspicious or faulty indication coming from the main control rod location methods. The developed method proved able to locate control rods’ axial insertion with few steps error, though there is room for potential improvements with regards to the uncertainty model currently implemented.
A hospital-based survey assessing the health facility-level factors that contribute to delayed diagnosis of cervical cancer; patients views
Authors: Zammit Marthaclaire , Nyaberi Jackline , Mambo Susan , Otieno Careena
Published: August 2024

Background In Kenya, Cervical Cancer is the 2nd commonly diagnosed type of cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death among women. Globally, more than 50% of Cervical Cancer diagnoses are made late, with this proportion rising to 80% in developing countries. Poor Health systems can cause delays in diagnosis; thus, this study focused on determining the health facility level factors that contribute to delayed diagnosis among Cervical Cancer patients at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH). Methods An analytical cross-sectional mixed method study was adopted to collect data on hospital and referral experiences from 139 Cervical Cancer patients systematically sampled at the KNH, using a semi-structured questionnaire. Associations between stage at diagnosis and hospital and referral experience were tested using a logistic regression model at a 95% Confidence Interval. Results 86 (61.9%) patients were diagnosed with advanced stages III and IV. The potential predictors for delayed diagnosis were a higher number of hospital referrals (p =0.000), facing referral challenges (p =0.041), longer time taken for diagnosis appointment (p =0.059), and longer time taken for diagnostic results (p =0.007) in the bivariate analysis. A higher number of hospital referrals (p =0.001) and longer time taken for diagnostic results (p =0.025) were significantly associated with delayed diagnosis of cervical cancer in the multivariate logistic regression test model. Referral challenges include misdiagnosis, cost of diagnosis, and prolonged diagnosis appointments. The study concluded that the advanced stage at presentation for most patients was due to poor health and referral systems, inadequate medical personnel, and diagnostic equipment. Conclusion This study recommends improving referral systems and encouraging partnerships to decentralize diagnostic centers and equipment and to train more experts on Cervical Cancer.
Challenges to ethical public engagement in research funding: a perspective from practice
Authors: Giannelos Kalli , Wiarda Martijn , Doorn Neelke
Published: August 2024

European research funding organizations (RFOs) are increasingly experimenting with public engagement in their funding activities. This case study draws attention to the challenges they face in preparing, implementing, and evaluating ethical public engagement in the context of setting funding priorities, formulating calls for proposals, and evaluating project proposals. We discuss challenges related to seven themes: (1) recruiting participants; (2) commitments and expectations; (3) meaningful dialogue and equal engagement; (4) accommodating vulnerability; (5) funding call formulations; (6) lack of expertise in engagement ethics; and (7) uncertainty, resource constraints, and external factors. To address these challenges, we propose the following seven interventions: (1) developing comprehensive recruitment strategies with experienced recruiters and community organizations; (2) establishing clear communication of roles, expectations, and outcomes through codes of conduct; (3) training mediators to address power imbalances; (4) designing flexible engagement methods and providing tailored support; (5) implementing collaborative feedback loops for inclusive funding call formulation; (6) enhancing ethical standards through internal expertise and external advisory inputs; and (7) developing adaptive strategies for flexible and ethical public engagement. These recommendations emphasize the need for context-adaptive insights to support funding organizations to implement ethical public engagement activities, even when faced with organizational constraints and a lack of ethical expertise.
Israeli-Egyptian Gas Cooperation: Significance of Political Domestic Factors
Authors: Lipa Michał , Skorek Artur
Published: August 2024

Israeli gas discoveries and the Egyptian energy crisis prompted gas trade talks between the two countries. A letter of intention signed in 2014 gave the impression that Israel would soon supply its neighbor with much-needed energy resources. This development seemed to be an obvious result of the economic and political needs of both states and the recent transformation of the regional international system. Surprisingly, the negotiations became prolonged and were marred by tensions and backtracking. The article aims to present the domestic factors in Egypt and Israel that shape the approach of these countries to mutual energy cooperation and to assess their current and future impact on the energy outlook of the Eastern Mediterranean.
Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage using Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 in Malawi: a dose ranging and reproducibility human infection study
Authors: Chikaonda Tarsizio , Chirwa Anthony Emeritus , Lipunga Gareth , Thole Faith , Galafa Bridgette , Kamanga Morrison Peace , Nsomba Edna , Nkhoma Vitumbiko S. , Toto Neema , Kudowa Evarista , Chiwala Gift , Dula Dingase , Tembo Godwin , Chimgoneko Lorensio , Ndaferankhande John , Makhaza Lumbani , Ngoliwa Clara , Banda Ndaziona Peter Kwanjo , Henrion Marc , Ferreira Daniela M. , Jambo Kondwani , Gordon Stephen B.
Published: August 2024

Background Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of morbidity and mortality from respiratory tract infections, pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis. Nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococcus is a prerequisite for pneumococcal disease and transmission. Since the global introduction of pneumococcal conjugated vaccines, rates of pneumococcal disease have declined for many vaccine type serotypes but serotype 3 (SPN3) continues to cause significant disease. The Experimental Human Pneumococcal Challenge (EHPC) model is a unique method of determining pneumococcal colonisation, understanding the impact of colonisation on acquired immunity and for testing pneumococcal vaccines. This study will develop a serotype 3 EHPC model to address some pertinent questions on the burden of pneumococcal disease in Malawi. Methods Healthy adults aged 18-50 years will be recruited, with a maximum target of 83 participants to complete all study visits. The study will consist of a dose ranging and safety study, followed by a reproducibility study. Sequential cohorts of 10 healthy participants will be challenged with escalating doses of SPN3 in the dose ranging study. Samples will be collected before inoculation and on days 2, 7, 13, 16, 21 and 28 following inoculations, for determination of carriage. A total of 33 participants will be enrolled in the reproducibility part and will use a dose that established ≥60% of carriage, and with a high safety profile. Samples will be collected for determination of both local and systemic immunological responses to pneumococcal challenge. Upon completion of study visits, participants will complete a questionnaire establish acceptability. Interpretations We expect to establish an optimal SPN3 dose required to establish nasopharyngeal colonisation in healthy adults in an EHPC model. The model can then be used to evaluate pneumococcal vaccines in both healthy and at-risk populations.
FORMATION OF LONG-TERM PLANS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AGGLOMERATIONS
Authors: Agaeva Liliya
Published: August 2024

Sustainable and balanced development of rural areas is one of the most important tasks in Russia at the present stage of development. Effective development of rural areas requires structural and functional transformation, including through the development of rural agglomerations. To date, about 1800 rural agglomerations have been formed in Russia. In 2023 the regions began to form long-term plans for the development of rural agglomerations. Within the framework of the conducted research, an assessment of the formed long-term socio-economic development plan of the Bezenchuk rural agglomeration of Samara region is given. The study of socio-economic development plan passport made it possible to identify the main limitations, factors and reserves of its implementation. The main limitation of the development of the territory as part of a rural agglomeration is its dual position, since the municipal district is part of the largest Samara-Tolyatti agglomeration, which requires determining the final priority status of the territory. Also, when forming the long-term socio-economic development plan of a rural agglomeration, it is necessary to take into account the main potential and advantages of the territory’s development. As priority areas of development and agglomeration, it is proposed to form an innovative scientific and industrial agro-industrial cluster, which allows effectively developing the existing scientific and industrial potential of the territory in the field of agriculture. This is justified by the fact that the municipal district has a leading position in the region and is constantly increasing agricultural production (growth in 5 years amounted to 262%). Also, the long-term socio-economic development plan does not take into account such a development factor as tourism, since the territory has an attractive recreational potential. Currently, the state policy is aimed at the development of domestic tourist destinations, which will allow the use of state support measures for the effective implementation of investment projects in this area. Taking into account all the factors of the territory's development will make it possible to create objective opportunities for its development and attract the necessary resources to implement long-term plans for the development of rural agglomeration.
ASSESSMENT OF SHOCK RESISTANCE OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF REGIONAL ECONOMY IN THE CONDITIONS OF IMPORT LOCALIZATION
Authors: Safiullin Marat , Burganov Rafis , Mingulov Almaz
Published: August 2024

The neoclassical, cumulative, institutional models formed in the theory of regional economic growth are not capable of fully interpreting the processes of social and economic transformations in the conditions of external pressure on the national economic system. In this regard, in the space of scientific research, issues related to the need to develop new, adapted to modern conditions, methodological approaches to substantiating the prospects for sustainable development of economic dynamics at the industry and regional levels in the context of systemic transformations have increasingly begun to be raised. One of the most important areas that harmoniously fits into this research fairway is the theory of shock resistance. At the same time, if at the macro level its main postulates and methods are sufficiently covered in Russian and foreign scientific literature, then regarding the aspects of the meso- and industry level there are a number of methodological niches that require further development. Based on the developed methodological tools, commodity groups related to the category of critical imports for the region under study were identified. It was found that the product nomenclature “Live animals” belongs to this category. Relying on the methods of econometric analysis, the effect of the influence of this agricultural product on the sustainability of the agricultural sector of the economy and gross regional product of the Republic of Tatarstan was determined. It was found that within the framework of localization of supplies from abroad of the commodity group “Live animals”, prerequisites are formed for a decrease in the growth dynamics in the “Agriculture” sector by 0.36%, which predetermines the potential for a slowdown in gross regional product to 0.361%. The obtained estimates form the basis for identifying and implementing the priorities of regional state policy in the field of sustainable development of the agricultural sector in the context of external pressure on the national economy of Russia.
Łódź Neuratha w nauce, teorii moralnej i prawoznawstwie
Authors: Dyrda Adam
Published: August 2024

In this paper I analyze the meaning of the metaphor of so-called Neurath’s boat. It presents the nondogmatic picture of human knowledge, closely related to the version of epistemological holism manifested in writings of such philosophers as J.S. Mill, P. Duhem, Ch. Wright, C.S. Peirce, W. James, J. Dewey, W.V. Quine, N. Goodman, J. Rawls or M. White. Nowadays the anti-foundationalist and anti- Cartesian understanding of the metaphor is widely shared, although its application is still often abusing Neurath’s original intentions. After considering two particular applications of the metaphor – scientific (Quine) and moral-political (Rawls, White) – I briefly consider possible applications in the field of general jurisprudence.
Wykładnia prokonstytucyjna i interpretacja ważeniowa. Intuicje pojęciowe
Authors: Grabowski Andrzej
Published: August 2024

The aim of the paper is the jurisprudential characterisation of the pro-constitutional interpretation of the law. In order to achieve it, the pro-constitutional interpretation is first compared with the interpretation of the law in accordance with the constitution (Verfassungskonforme Gesetzesauslegung). It turns out that these two techniques of interpretation differ in many respects, regardless of whether we conceive of them in a pragmatic or apragmatic sense. Next, the essence of the pro-constitutional interpretation of the law is explained by referring to the concept of legal interpretation based on weighing. The analyses lead to the conclusion that pro-constitutional interpretation and interpretation in accordance with the constitution should be conceptually distinguished from each other, regardless of the fact that in judicial practice these two techniques of legal interpretation may be applied simultaneously, especially in proceedings before constitutional courts, and their results in the form of interpretative decisions may be identical.
Źródła pamiętnikarskie oraz spuścizny polityków jako źródła do dziejów galicyjskiego naftownictwa (do 1914 r.)
Authors: Szymczak Damian
Published: August 2024

Researchers into the history of the Galician oil industry mostly focus on the technical and economic aspects of this economic sector. Therefore, less use is made of diaries, letters, and written legacy of Galician politicians. The paper is intended to draw attention to the scientific value of such historical source type which are extremely useful for studying societies, mentality, and the history of culture and politics. Indeed, the oil industry and the areas in which it developed were a kind of laboratory of modernity, with a whole suite of related problems. Using selected sources as examples, the paper briefly reviews them.
Code and Data Repository An Enhanced Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers-Based Interior Point Method for Linear and Conic Optimization
Authors: Deng Qi , Feng Qing , Gao Wenzhi , Ge Dongdong , Jiang Bo , Jiang Yuntian , Liu Jingsong , Liu Tianhao , Xue Chenyu , Ye Yinyu , Zhang Chuwen
Published: August 2024

ADMM-based Interior Point Method for Linear and Conic Programming (ABIP) is a new framework that applies alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) to implement interior point method (IPM) for solving large-scale linear programs (LP) and conic programs (QCP). ABIP (LP part) was initially developed by Tianyi Lin (https://github.com/tyDLin) and is currently maintained by LEAVES optimization software platform. The original ABIP follows the following paper: @article{lin_admm-based_2021, title = {An {ADMM}-based interior-point method for large-scale linear programming}, volume = {36}, number = {2-3}, journal = {Optimization Methods and Software}, author = {Lin, Tianyi and Ma, Shiqian and Ye, Yinyu and Zhang, Shuzhong}, year = {2021}, note = {Publisher: Taylor \& Francis}, pages = {389--424}, }
How Mixed Performance Feedback Shapes Exploration: The Moderating Role of Self-Enhancement
Authors: Lauenstein Franziska , Newark Daniel A. , Baumann Oliver
Published: August 2024

We conduct an experiment to examine how providing decision makers with high versus low peer performance information influences choices between exploration and exploitation. Previous work on organization-level learning suggests that a high-performing peer would fuel exploration, whereas a low-performing peer would dampen it. In line with this, we find that individuals who receive information about a high-performing peer explore more than those who receive information about a low-performing peer. However, we also find that compared to individuals with a low tendency to self-enhance, individuals with a high tendency to self-enhance are less likely to explore when receiving information about a high-performing peer. In fact, these individuals explore at levels comparable to those who receive information about a low-performing peer. We explain this behavioral pattern by demonstrating that as individuals learn and improve, information about a high-performing peer increasingly results in mixed performance feedback; under these conditions of relative interpretive flexibility, exploration is moderated by decision makers’ tendency to self-enhance. When these individual dynamics are aggregated, our data suggest that an organization that provides peer performance information may experience either the same or less exploration than an organization that does not, with the exact difference depending on its proportion of high self-enhancers. These insights into the contingencies and aggregate effects of how individuals interpret and respond to peer performance information are particularly relevant given recent interest in designing organizations that shape employee behavior through the provision of feedback rather than through traditional instruments of coordination and control, such as incentives or hierarchy.

Funding: This work was supported by Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond [Grant 25194]. Additionally, this research was supported by a grant from the HEC Paris Foundation.
Regulation and Innovation Revisited: How Restrictive Environments Can Promote Destabilizing New Technologies
Authors: Park Michael , Wu Shuping , Funk Russell J.
Published: August 2024

Previous literature offers conflicting findings on how the restrictiveness of the regulatory environment—the amount of rules that prohibit specific activities—affects innovation of firms. One camp suggests that restrictiveness circumscribes the range of available technological components and therefore decreases innovation. The other camp believes that restrictiveness can lead firms to seek new alternative technological components, which could increase innovation. In this article, we develop a new theory on regulation and innovation to reconcile these views, which we test using novel data on federal regulations and the patents of 1,242 firms, from 1994 to 2013. We find that restrictiveness can have both a negative and positive relationship with innovation output depending on the level of regulatory uncertainty and the innovation type in question.

Funding: This work was supported by the Mercatus Center, George Mason University, and the Strategy Research Foundation [Grant SRF-2021-DRG-8365].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.16770 .
Limitations of popular methods used for calibrating sensors for the measurement of sub-bandage pressure
Authors: Thomas Stephen
Published: August 2024

Sensors commonly used to record sub-bandage pressures may be less reliable than is commonly believed. The techniques employed for the calibration or validation of these devices can sometimes produce a highly inaccurate prediction of their performance in vivo. In this review, the various calibration methods referenced in the literature are briefly described and the limitations of each discussed. The significance of these limitations is illustrated by reference to the results of published studies cited in a systematic review which report widely different values for the accuracy of one particular device, the Kikuhime pressure measuring system (ZiboCare, Denmark). The use of inappropriate calibration techniques therefore casts serious doubt upon the pressure values quoted historically in many published scientific and clinical studies in which these particular instruments have been employed. It is proposed that an international standard method be developed to ensure that all sensors intended for the measurement of sub-bandage pressure are characterised using a validated, clinically relevant technique. A programme of education is also required to correct some of the widely held misconceptions often expressed in the literature concerning the use of the Laplace equation to calculate sub-bandage pressure.
Warfarin-induced calciphylaxis-related skin ulceration in patients with end-stage renal disease: case report and literature review
Authors: Vallini Valerio , Andreini Roberto , Sibilia Gabriella , Venturini Luigi , Rizza Giovanni Manca , Bonadio Angelo Giovanni , Meini Simone
Published: August 2024

Calciphylaxis is a rare but highly disabling disease, occurring both in chronic kidney disease (CKD) with renal replacement therapy (RRT) and in normal renal function. Given the frequent coexistence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and CKD, anticoagulation is often required. Warfarin, as a promoter of vascular calcification, is frequently reported as a triggering factor of calciphylaxis. Here, we present the case of a 71-year old male patient with a history of AF and a previous ischaemic stroke, on RRT for three years and warfarin therapy. The patient presented with two painful necrotic skin ulcers over the right leg and a skin biopsy confirmed calciphylaxis. After discontinuation of warfarin, the lesions completely healed with sodium thiosulfate intravenous infusion and local wound treatment. A literature search was performed up to 1 September 2022 through PubMed. The following terms were searched in different combinations: ‘calciphylaxis’; ‘VKA’ [vitamin K antagonist]; ‘warfarin’; ‘haemodialysis’; ‘end-stage renal disease’; and ‘ulcer’. In our opinion, in patients requiring anticoagulant therapy, the introduction or continuation of vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) should be carefully balanced when calciphylaxis develops, and other options, such as enoxaparin or apixaban, should be considered. Clinical decisions for patients requiring haemodialysis and requiring anticoagulant therapy should take into account the possible risk of warfarin-induced calciphylaxis. Further studies are needed to clarify the safety, tolerability profile and outcomes of each currently available treatment in this patient population.
Efficacy of graphene nanocomposites for air disinfection in dental clinics: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Ju Ya-Qiong , Yu Xiang-Hua , Wu Jing , Hu Ying-Hui , Han Xiang-Yong , Fang Dan
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Aerosols containing disease-causing microorganisms are produced during oral diagnosis and treatment can cause secondary contamination.

AIM

To investigate the use of graphene material for air disinfection in dental clinics by leveraging its adsorption and antibacterial properties.

METHODS

Patients who received ultrasonic cleaning at our hospital from April 2023 to April 2024. They were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 20 each): Graphene nanocomposite material suction group (Group A), ordinary filter suction group (Group B), and no air suction device group (Group C). The air quality and air colony count in the clinic rooms were assessed before, during, and after the procedure. Additionally, bacterial colony counts were obtained from the air outlets of the suction devices and the filter screens in Groups A and B.

RESULTS

Before ultrasonic cleaning, no significant differences in air quality PM2.5 and colony counts were observed among the three groups. However, significant differences in air quality PM2.5 and colony counts were noted among the three groups during ultrasonic cleaning and after ultrasonic treatment. Additionally, the number of colonies on the exhaust port of the suction device and the surface of the filter were significantly lower in Group A than in Group B (P = 0.000 and P = 0.000, respectively).

CONCLUSION

Graphene nanocomposites can effectively sterilize the air in dental clinics by exerting their antimicrobial effects and may be used to reduce secondary pollution.
COMPORTAMENTOS SEXUAIS DE RISCO DE ADOLESCENTES E ADULTOS JOVENS DE ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS DE FEIRA DE SANTANA
Authors: Adriele Rasslan da Silva Gama  , Christianne Sheilla Leal Almeida Barreto
Published: August 2024

A adolescência é o período de transição entre a infância e a vida adulta, marcada por diversas transformações e mudanças, como o desenvolvimento físico, mental, emocional, sexual e social, tendo início com as mudanças corporais da puberdade e terminando quando o crescimento e a personalidade do indivíduo se consolidam (EISENSTEIN, 2005). É durante o período da adolescência que, frequentemente, tem-se o início da atividade sexual, de forma cada vez mais precoce e sem o devido acompanhamento ou adequação, quanto à orientação preventiva de problemas relacionados à saúde, entre outros (MIRANDA et al., 2018).
Omar in the Fog
Authors: Farhadi Afsheen
Published: August 2024

Abstract: "Omar in the Fog" follows a young man who, after a fight with his girlfriend, wanders the unfamiliar streets of an unnamed European city, where he encounters strangers who force him to question his relationship to his own national and racial identity, as well as to the way that identity changes, even among those he loves.
Tribal Colleges and Universities as an Alternate Pathway for American Indian Gates Millennium Scholars
Authors: Youngbull Natalie Rose
Published: August 2024

Abstract: The Gates Millennium Scholars Program (GMSP) funded over 2,000 American Indian Gates Millennium Scholars (AIGMS) over a period of 20 years, annually awarding 150 scholarships to high-achieving, highfinancial-need American Indian incoming freshmen to attend the college or university of their choice. The purpose of this study was to gain a greater understanding of the experiences of three AIGMS who, after leaving non-Native colleges and universities (NNCUs) and losing the scholarship, continued their education at a Tribal College or University (TCU). The Family Education Model guided the analysis of each of the three AIGMS’ experiences through individual case studies and revealed one major theme for each AIGMS that highlighted TCU student support approaches—institutional familiarity, cultural resilience and empowerment, and a family-support approach. The discussion section describes how TCUs provided the types of culturally relevant and family-centered support and resources for AIGMS, and how those supports and resources were not offered at their NNCUs. Lastly, implications for future research and policy and practice are discussed.
Institutional Support for Native American College Students
Authors: Monaghan-Geernaert Pamela
Published: August 2024

Abstract: The nervousness of going away to college is universal for most young people. For Native American students, this is often exacerbated by historical responses to educational trauma, fewer people who share a similar identity, and a colonized curriculum. Higher education institutions around the country have established programs to help Native American students during their college experience. These programs vary in staffing, scope, and institutional support. This article reports on one program in a small state university in South Dakota. Qualitative and quantitative data were gathered from student participants. Results show that Native American students rely heavily on the program for instrumental and affective purposes. Students use the early on-boarding programming to settle into campus, identify scholarship opportunities, receive academic advising, and set course schedules. Affectively, students use the program to find other Native American students, participate in traditional practices, and promote cultural awareness to the campus community.
Is the California Local Control Funding Formula Equitably Serving American Indian and Alaska Native Students?
Authors: Beaulieu Rodney
Published: August 2024

Abstract: California’s Local Control Funding Formula (LCFF) is intended to equitably fund public schools to offset the earlier system that depended on local property taxes. The goal of this article is to examine whether LCFF is equitably funding public school districts that serve American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) students. How do allocations to districts that serve predominantly AI/AN students compare to districts that serve predominantly White students, and how do household income and the rate of poverty compare? Statistical comparisons revealed no significant difference in LCFF funding, yet each was higher than the state average, and White households had significantly higher income, while AI/AN households had higher poverty rates. No correlation was found between LCFF funding and household income or LCFF funding and poverty rates.
Meander Morphologic Characteristics in an Alluvial Channel
Authors: Kang Ranbir S.
Published: August 2024

highlights: • The meander morphologic relationships were analyzed in a low-order stream in Virginia. • Low-order alluvial streams may have similar morphologic ratios as anticipated from high-order streams. • These findings increase our understanding of low-order streams. abstract: Meander bends are one of the most common morphological features of rivers. Their formation is the result of interactions between bank erosion and several other river characteristics, such as the bed topography resulting from bank erosion, sinuosity, channel flow, and riffle-pool sequencing. Many studies have emphasized proportional relationships between channel widths and different aspects of meander morphology, such as wavelength, curvature of the radius, and belt width. These relationships have been studied for bankfull level width in high-order channels. It is not clear how such relationships vary in low-order headwater streams. This research addresses those gaps in low-order streams of which little is known. Field surveys were conducted in nine meander bends of a low-order alluvial channel in Virginia. The results suggest that in a low-order channel, the ratios of width with wavelength, the radius of curvature, and belt width are mostly similar between the meanders’ beginning and tail endpoints. The stream also has similar meander morphologic characteristics and ratios as anticipated from the literature on high-order streams.
Locking the wavelength of a narrow linewidth optical fiber laser to the peak transmitting wavelength of a Fabry–Perot filter
Authors: Ma Hongfei , Xie Fang , Liu Zilong
Published: August 2024

An optical fiber laser with a stable wavelength and a narrow linewidth spectrum is investigated by locking its wavelength to the peak transmitting wavelength of a Fabry–Perot filter. A fiber Bragg grating reflects the fluorescence emitted from erbium-doped fiber as the laser gain light; thus, the wavelength of the laser can be selected freely from the fluorescence spectrum of the erbium-doped fiber. The laser wavelength is locked to the peak transmitting wavelength of a Fabry–Perot filter, which compensates for the influences resulting from ambient disturbances with a feedback loop. The wavelength stability of the laser can exceed 10−8.
Modified Beer-Lambert algorithm to measure pulsatile blood flow, critical closing pressure, and intracranial hypertension
Authors: Baker Wesley B. , Forti Rodrigo M. , Heye Pascal , Heye Kristina , Lynch Jennifer M. , Yodh Arjun G. , Licht Daniel J. , White Brian R. , Hwang Misun , Ko Tiffany S. , Kilbaugh Todd J.
Published: August 2024

We introduce a frequency-domain modified Beer-Lambert algorithm for diffuse correlation spectroscopy to non-invasively measure flow pulsatility and thus critical closing pressure (CrCP). Using the same optical measurements, CrCP was obtained with the new algorithm and with traditional nonlinear diffusion fitting. Results were compared to invasive determination of intracranial pressure (ICP) in piglets (n = 18). The new algorithm better predicted ICP elevations; the area under curve (AUC) from logistic regression analysis was 0.85 for ICP ≥ 20 mmHg. The corresponding AUC for traditional analysis was 0.60. Improved diagnostic performance likely results from better filtering of extra-cerebral tissue contamination and measurement noise.
QRS detection in single-lead, telehealth electrocardiogram signals: Benchmarking open-source algorithms
Authors: Kristof Florian , Kapsecker Maximilian , Nissen Leon , Brimicombe James , Cowie Martin R. , Ding Zixuan , Dymond Andrew , Jonas Stephan M. , Lindén Hannah Clair , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Williams Kate , Mant Jonathan , Charlton Peter H. ,   on behalf of the SAFER Investigators
Published: August 2024

Background and objectives

A key step in electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis is the detection of QRS complexes, particularly for arrhythmia detection. Telehealth ECGs present a new challenge for automated analysis as they are noisier than traditional clinical ECGs. The aim of this study was to identify the best-performing open-source QRS detector for use with telehealth ECGs.

Methods

The performance of 18 open-source QRS detectors was assessed on six datasets. These included four datasets of ECGs collected under supervision, and two datasets of telehealth ECGs collected without clinical supervision. The telehealth ECGs, consisting of single-lead ECGs recorded between the hands, included a novel dataset of 479 ECGs collected in the SAFER study of screening for atrial fibrillation (AF). Performance was assessed against manual annotations.

Results

A total of 12 QRS detectors performed well on ECGs collected under clinical supervision (F1score ≥0.96). However, fewer performed well on telehealth ECGs: five performed well on the TELE ECG Database; six performed well on high-quality SAFER data; and performance was poorer on low-quality SAFER data (three QRS detectors achievedF1of 0.78-0.84). The presence of AF had little impact on performance.

Conclusions

The Neurokit and University of New South Wales QRS detectors performed best in this study. These performed sufficiently well on high-quality telehealth ECGs, but not on low-quality ECGs. This demonstrates the need to handle low-quality ECGs appropriately to ensure only ECGs which can be accurately analysed are used for clinical decision making.