bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transport analysis of NBI heating H-mode experiment on HL-2 A with integrated modeling
Authors: Luo Yi-Ming , Wang Zhan-Hui , Chen Jia-Le , Wu Xue-Ke , Fu Cai-Long , He Xiao-Xue , Liu Liang , Yang Zeng-Chen , Li Yong-Gao , Gao Jin-Ming , Du Hua-Rong , Kulun Integrated Simulation and Design Group  ,   Center for Fusion Science, Southwest Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China,   Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China,   School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
Published: April 2022

The physical process of tokamak plasma spans a large space-time scale, and the main physical processes differ widely in different spatial regions (such as core, pedestal, scraping-off layer, divertor region), so it is necessary to adopt the integrated modeling method to analyze the physical problems on a global multi-space-time scale. In order to study in depth the transport and confinement during the steady-state or ramp-up of the tokamak discharging experiment, it is necessary to use a variety of physical programs to carry out integrated simulation research and physical analysis. Based on the OMFIT platform, in this paper the integrated simulation verification and analysis of the shot #37012 are conducted, which is a high-\begin{document}$\beta $\end{document} discharge experiment on HL-2A device and verifies the reliability and applicability of those programs. In this process, the experimental parameters are checked and supplemented by selecting appropriate models. The simulation results after evolution are consistent with the experimental results. On this basis, we use the TGLF model to analyze the linear electrostatic drift wave instability in the core region. The reason for the improvement of the H-mode confinement by NBI off-axis heating is that the ETG instability in the NBI power deposition region is suppressed. The transport is dominated by ITG instability in the internal transport barrier (ITB), and the transport is reduced to the level of neoclassical transport.
GPUTreeShap: massively parallel exact calculation of SHAP scores for tree ensembles
Authors: Mitchell Rory , Frank Eibe , Holmes Geoffrey
Published: April 2022

SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) values (Lundberg & Lee, 2017) provide a game theoretic interpretation of the predictions of machine learning models based on Shapley values (Shapley, 1953). While exact calculation of SHAP values is computationally intractable in general, a recursive polynomial-time algorithm called TreeShap (Lundberg et al., 2020) is available for decision tree models. However, despite its polynomial time complexity, TreeShap can become a significant bottleneck in practical machine learning pipelines when applied to large decision tree ensembles. Unfortunately, the complicated TreeShap algorithm is difficult to map to hardware accelerators such as GPUs. In this work, we present GPUTreeShap, a reformulated TreeShap algorithm suitable for massively parallel computation on graphics processing units. Our approach first preprocesses each decision tree to isolate variable sized sub-problems from the original recursive algorithm, then solves a bin packing problem, and finally maps sub-problems to single-instruction, multiple-thread (SIMT) tasks for parallel execution with specialised hardware instructions. With a single NVIDIA Tesla V100-32 GPU, we achieve speedups of up to 19× for SHAP values, and speedups of up to 340× for SHAP interaction values, over a state-of-the-art multi-core CPU implementation executed on two 20-core Xeon E5-2698 v4 2.2 GHz CPUs. We also experiment with multi-GPU computing using eight V100 GPUs, demonstrating throughput of 1.2 M rows per second—equivalent CPU-based performance is estimated to require 6850 CPU cores.
A low-cost benthic incubation chamber for in-situ community metabolism measurements
Authors: Mallon Jennifer , Banaszak Anastazia T. , Donachie Lauren , Exton Dan , Cyronak Tyler , Balke Thorsten , Bass Adrian M.
Published: April 2022

Benthic incubation chambers facilitate in-situ metabolism studies in shallow water environments. They are used to isolate the water surrounding a study organism or community so that changes in water chemistry can be quantified to characterise physiological processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, and calcification. Such field measurements capture the biological processes taking place within the benthic community while incorporating the influence of environmental variables that are often difficult to recreate in ex-situ settings. Variations in benthic chamber designs have evolved for a range of applications. In this study, we built upon previous designs to create a novel chamber, which is (1) low-cost and assembled without specialised equipment, (2) easily reproducible, (3) minimally invasive, (4) adaptable to varied substrates, and (5) comparable with other available designs in performance. We tested the design in the laboratory and field and found that it achieved the outlined objectives. Using non-specialised materials, we were able to construct the chamber at a low cost (under $20 USD per unit), while maintaining similar performance and reproducibility with that of existing designs. Laboratory and field tests demonstrated minimal leakage (2.08 ± 0.78% water exchange over 4 h) and acceptable light transmission (86.9 ± 1.9%), results comparable to those reported for other chambers. In the field, chambers were deployed in a shallow coastal environment in Akumal, Mexico, to measure productivity of seagrass, and coral-, algae-, and sand-dominated reef patches. In both case studies, production rates aligned with those of comparable benthic chamber deployments in the literature and followed established trends with light, the primary driver of benthic metabolism, indicating robust performance under field conditions. We demonstrate that our low-cost benthic chamber design uses locally accessible and minimal resources, is adaptable for a variety of field settings, and can be used to collect reliable and repeatable benthic metabolism data. This chamber has the potential to broaden accessibility and applications of in-situ incubations for future studies.
RNA sequencing reveals novel LncRNA/mRNAs co-expression network associated with puerarin-mediated inhibition of cardiac hypertrophy in mice
Authors: Ye Shan , Chen Weiyan , Ou Caiwen , Chen Min-Sheng
Published: April 2022

Background

Evidence has demonstrated that puerarin is a potential medicine for the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy. However, the precise underlying molecular mechanisms of the protective effect of puerarin are still unclear. Here, we aimed to explore the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs/mRNAs co-expression network in a cardiac hypertrophy mouse model after puerarin treatment.

Methods

A mouse model of cardiac hypertrophy was established by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). The echocardiography, tissue staining and western blot were used to examine the protective effect of puerarin. Then RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was carried out to analyze systematically mRNAs and lncRNAs expression. The target lncRNA were confirmed using qRT-PCR. Moreover, a coding/non-coding gene co-expression network were established to find the interaction of lncRNA and mRNAs. The biological process, cellular component, molecular function and pathways of different expression mRNAs targeted by lncRNA were explored using Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways analysis.

Results

Puerarin exhibited an obvious inhibitory effect in cardiac hypertrophy in TAC model. RNA-seq analysis was performed to investigate the lncRNAs and mRNAs expression patterns of cardiomyocytes in sham and TAC groups treated with or without puerarin. RNA-seq identified that TAC downregulated four lncRNAs, which could be revised by puerarin treatment (|log2 Fold change| > 2 and FDR < 0.05). Among them, expression alterations of lncRNA Airn (antisense of Igf2r non-protein coding RNA) was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Pearson’s correlation coefficients of co-expression levels suggested that there was an interactive relationship between Airn and 2,387 mRNAs (r > 0.95 or r < −0.95). Those co-expressed mRNAs were enriched in some important biological processes such as translational initiation, cell proliferation, insulin-like growth factor binding and poly(A) RNA binding. KEGG analyses suggested that those Airn-interacted mRNAs were enriched in endocytosis, signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells and the Jak-STAT pathway.

Conclusion

Puerarin may exert beneficial effects on cardiac hypertrophy through regulating the lncRNAs/mRNAs co-expression network.
Evaluating the reliability of media reports for gathering information about illegal wildlife trade seizures
Authors: Paudel Kumar , Hinsley Amy , Veríssimo Diogo , Milner-Gulland Ej
Published: April 2022

Illegal wildlife trade (IWT) is threatening many species across the world. It is important to better understand the scale and characteristics of IWT to inform conservation priorities and actions. However, IWT usually takes place covertly, meaning that the data on species, trade routes and volumes is limited. This means that conservationists often have to rely on publicly available law enforcement reports of seizures as potential indicators of the magnitude and characteristics of IWT. Still, even these data may be difficult to access, leading conservationists to use media reports of seizures instead. This is the case in countries like Nepal, which have limited capacity in data keeping and reporting, and no centralized data management system. Yet reliance on media reports risks introducing further biases, which are rarely acknowledged or discussed. Here we characterize IWT in Nepal by comparing data from three sources of information on IWT between January 2005 and July 2017: seizure reports from three Nepali national daily newspapers, official seizure records for Kathmandu district, and data on additional enforcement efforts against IWT in Nepal. We found a strong positive correlation between the number of official and media-reported seizures over time, but media under-reported seizure numbers, with 78% of seizures going unreported. Seizures of charismatic, protected species were reported more often and seizure reports involving tigers were most likely to be reported (57%). Media reports appeared to be a good indicator of trends and the species being seized but not overall seizure number, with the media largely underestimating total seizure numbers. Therefore, media reports cannot be solely relied upon when it comes to informing conservation decision-making. We recommend that conservationists triangulate different data sources when using seizure data reported in the media to more rigorously characterise IWT.
A new juvenile Yamaceratops (Dinosauria, Ceratopsia) from the Javkhlant Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Mongolia
Authors: Son Minyoung , Lee Yuong-Nam , Zorigt Badamkhatan , Kobayashi Yoshitsugu , Park Jin-Young , Lee Sungjin , Kim Su-Hwan , Lee Kang Young
Published: April 2022

Here we report a new articulated skeleton of Yamaceratops dorngobiensis (MPC-D 100/553) from the Khugenetjavkhlant locality at the Shine Us Khudag (Javkhlant Formation, ?Santonian-Campanian) of the eastern Gobi Desert, Mongolia, which represents the first substantially complete skeleton and the first juvenile individual of this taxon. The specimen includes a nearly complete cranium and large portions of the vertebral column and appendicular skeleton. Its skull is about 2/3 the size of the holotype specimen, based on mandibular length. Its juvenile ontogenetic stage is confirmed by multiple indicators of skeletal and morphological immaturity known in ceratopsians, such as the long-grained surface texture on the long bones, the smooth external surface on the postorbital, open neurocentral sutures of all caudal vertebrae, a large orbit relative to the postorbital and jugal, the low angle of the lacrimal ventral ramus relative to the maxillary teeth row, narrow frontal, and straight ventral edge of the dentary. Osteohistological analysis of MPC-D 100/553 recovered three lines of arrested growth, implying around 3 years of age when it died, and verified this specimen’s immature ontogenetic stage. The specimen adds a new autapomorphy of Yamaceratops, the anteroventral margin of the fungiform dorsal end of the lacrimal being excluded from the antorbital fossa. Furthermore, it shows a unique combination of diagnostic features of some other basal neoceratopsians: the ventrally hooked rostral bone as in Aquilops americanus and very tall middle caudal neural spines about or more than four times as high as the centrum as in Koreaceratops hwaseongensis, Montanoceratops cerorhynchus, and Protoceratops andrewsi. The jugal with the subtemporal ramus deeper than the suborbital ramus as in the holotype specimen is also shared with A. americanus, Liaoceratops yanzigouensis, and juvenile P. andrewsi. Adding 38 new scorings into the recent comprehensive data matrix of basal Neoceratopsia and taking into account the ontogenetically variable characters recovered Y. dorngobiensis as the sister taxon to Euceratopsia (Leptoceratopsidae plus Coronosauria). A second phylogenetic analysis with another matrix for Ceratopsia also supported this position. The new phylogenetic position of Y. dorngobiensis is important in ceratopsian evolution, as this taxon represents one of the basalmost neoceratopsians with a broad, thin frill and hyper-elongated middle caudal neural spines while still being bipedal.
Validation of a dual-task exercise program to improve balance and gait speed in older people (DualPro): a Delphi study
Authors: Varela-Vásquez Luz Adriana , Girabent-Farrés Montserrat , Medina-Rincón Almudena , Rierola-Fochs Sandra , Jerez-Roig Javier , Minobes-Molina Eduard
Published: April 2022

Background

Most physical exercise programs for older people work the physical component in isolation, excluding cognitive aspects. Previous studies reported that both components (physical and cognitive) are necessary for correct functioning of older people in the society.

Purpose

To create and validate a dual-task exercise program (DualPro) to improve balance and gait speed in older people.

Methods

Expert consensus or the Delphi Method was used for validation. A group of 17 experts in neurorehabilitation and geriatrics was recruited to assess the proposed exercise program. They were selected taking into account their experience in clinical practice as well as their knowledge of the subject through the use of the expert competence coefficient (K). Online questionnaires were sent with a total of 11 exercises, which had to be rated using a “Likert” scale from 1 to 7.

Results

Two rounds were conducted to achieve 100% consensus in all exercises. The interquartile range of each exercise in both rounds was stable. During the second round, the relative interquartile range was less than 15% in all the questions, thus demonstrating consensus among the experts.

Conclusion

Experts in neurorehabilitation and geriatrics have concluded the validity of the progressive and systematized program of dual-task exercises focused on improving balance and gait speed for older people. This exercise program can help in the homogenization of the use of dual-task exercises in future studies and in professional practice.
Sequentiality of beetle communities in the longitudinal gradient of a lowland river in the context of the river continuum concept
Authors: Pakulnicka Joanna , Buczyński Paweł , Buczyńska Edyta , Stępień Edyta , Szlauer-Łukaszewska Agnieszka , Stryjecki Robert , Bańkowska Aleksandra , Pešić Vladimir , Filip Ewa , Zawal Andrzej
Published: April 2022

The main goal of the study was to recognize the mechanisms underlying assemblage structuring of aquatic beetle fauna inhabiting a medium-sized, lowland river exposed to anthropogenic pressures. An attempt was made to identify the impact of numerous abiotic factors on how beetle communities are formed, with particular emphasis on geomorphological and landscape-related factors, which tend to be omitted from many studies of aquatic organisms. Our intention was to refer the results of our study to the general assumptions of the River Continuum Concept. Field studies were conducted in 2010, at 13 sites located along the Krąpiel River (north-western Poland). In total, 3,269 beetles were captured, representing 120 species and five ecological groups: crenophiles, rheophiles, rheobionts, stagnobionts a and stagnobionts b, which differ in environmental preferences. The core of the identified fauna was composed of stagnobionts, while rheophiles and rheobionts accounted for only 20% of the entire collected material. The formation of beetle assemblages was affected both by local factors, with an impact on aquatic environments, and by geomorphological factors, influencing a larger catchment. This was reflected in the high degree of conformity between dendrograms presenting similarities in the fauna at the studied sites, including the clustering of sites based on the abiotic factors that differentiated these sites. The presence of buffer zones, surfaces of patches denoted as “marshes” (marshland surface), “shrubs” (shrub surface), and “forests” (forest surface), and the distance to those patches seem to be the most important landscape factors affecting beetle communities. Of the factors influencing the aquatic environment, the following exerted the strongest effect: insolation, vegetation cover, presence of organic matter and BOD5, and anthropogenic pressure. The changes in assemblages of beetles determined in our study in the particular sections of the river course were a consequence of the effects of both internal factors and external ones, originating from the entire river’s catchment, which is in accord with the basic assumptions of the RCC.
história do movimento LGBT em Maputo
Authors: Miguel Francisco Paolo Vieira
Published: April 2022

A partir de pesquisa etnográfica e documental, o artigo apresenta uma genealogia do movimento LGBT moçambicano desde sua origem até os dias atuais. Nesse sentido, ele aborda as primeiras festas homossexuais; o primeiro jornal do movimento; a institucionalização do movimento na organização “LAMBDA”; e a relação desta última com o Estado moçambicano. Dois são os argumentos aqui apresentados: respondendo aos debates sobre os discursos de exogenia da homossexualidade em África, argumento que a história do movimento LGBT local é uma das razões pelas quais faz sentido para o senso comum, em Moçambique, atribuir a “homossexualidade” aos estrangeiros, aos brancos e à cidade. Em segundo lugar, o artigo busca se contrapor aos africanistas que enfatizam a homofobia no continente, demonstrando a particular ambiguidade que há na relação do Estado Moçambicano com o movimento LGBT local.
espetacularização do sofrimento dos outros pelas fotografias da hanseníase na África da primeira metade do século XX
Authors: Correa Silvio Marcus de Souza
Published: April 2022

Na iconografia colonial sobre a África, há um conjunto heteróclito de fotografias sobre “corpos enfermos”. A fotografia foi um recurso visual eficiente para justificar ideologicamente a “missão civilizatória” de um colonialismo autoproclamado “altruísta” e “científico”. A análise de fotografias sobre a hanseníase no continente africano na primeira metade do século XX permite deslindar a relação entre a construção imagética de uma “África leprosa” e a coalescência de interesses de missionários, médicos e demais autoridades coloniais. Com base em imagens de arquivos estrangeiros, o estudo aborda a visualidade de uma representação negativa da alteridade africana, para a qual a fotografia emprestou sua “objetividade” e concorreu para a espetacularização do sofrimento dos outros.
Perfil dos escravizados no comércio interprovincial desde Maceió, Alagoas (1842-1882)
Authors: Teixeira Luana
Published: April 2022

Este artigo trata do comércio interprovincial de escravos em Maceió, Alagoas, analisando o movimento de pessoas que saíram pelo Porto do Jaraguá para serem vendidas para fora da província. Por meio da quantificação de informações extraídas dos livros de passaportes, apresenta dados sobre o perfil etário e sexual dessa população ao longo dos anos 1842-1882. A partir desse levantamento, discute a inserção de mulheres escravizadas no comércio, e, assim como pesquisas anteriores, aponta para a grande presença de escravos muito jovens nesses negócios. Por fim, avalia o impacto do comércio sobre a população cativa na província de Alagoas.
território de Palmares:
Authors: Lara Silvia Hunold
Published: April 2022

O artigo analisa as representações cartográficas de Palmares, o mais extenso e longo assentamento de escravos fugitivos da história do Brasil. Os mapas publicados em 1946/47 por Edison Carneiro e em 1971/73 por Décio Freitas contêm inconsistências em relação às fontes, mas foram reiterados pela historiografia, servindo de referência para o tombamento da serra da Barriga em 1985 e para as escavações arqueológicas realizadas na década de 1990. Com base na releitura da documentação e em novos mapas elaborados por Felipe Damasceno em 2018, a ocupação contínua da região dos Palmares é questionada e os significados políticos de suas dimensões territoriais são analisados, com especial atenção para as conjunturas do final dos anos 1670 e do período entre 1680 e 1694.
Novos contextos históricos e perspectivas de pesquisa para as lutas pela memória da África e dos africanos
Authors: Reis Raissa Brescia dos
Published: April 2022

Resenha de:
FURTADO, Cláudio Alves; SANSONE, Lívio (orgs.). Lutas pela memória em África. Salvador: EDUFBA, 2019. 576 p.
Bernard Maupoil nas trilhas do conhecimento do universo cósmico daomeano
Authors: Sogbossi Hippolyte Brice
Published: April 2022

Resenha de:
MAUPOIL, Bernard. A adivinhação na antiga Costa dos Escravos. Tradução de Carlos Eugênio Marcondes de Moura. 2ª ed. São Paulo: EDUSP, 2020. 792 p.
Mapeando a diáspora:
Authors: Tosta Antonio Luciano de Andrade
Published: April 2022

Resenha de:
PINHO, Patricia de Santana. Mapping Diaspora: African American Roots Tourism in Brazil. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2018. 253 p.
To differ is human: A reflective commentary on “Noise. A Flaw in Human Judgment”, by D. Kahneman, O. Sibony & C.R. Sunstein (2021). London: William Collins
Authors: Gilhooly Ken J. , Sleeman Derek H.
Published: April 2022

Inconsistency in real‐world judgments can cause random unfairness, injustice and misallocation of resources. In their recent monograph Kahneman, Sibony, and Sunstein (2021) analyse judgment inconsistency or “Noise,” examine its sources and propose remedies. In this commentary on Kahneman et al., we reflect on the major concepts (such as “judgment,” “noise,” “error,” and “bias”) used in analysing inconsistency. We place this work in the broader context of applied cognitive psychology, relating it to error typologies and to dual‐systems views of thinking. We also compare Kahneman et al.'s heuristics based approach to the linear combination of attributes based approach of Social Judgment Theory (SJT), with particular reference to judgment noise. We conclude that the main contributions of Kahneman et al.'s book are (a) to raise awareness of the pervasiveness of judgment noise across a range of important real‐world areas, (b) to provide a taxonomy of types of noise in terms of system noise versus occasion noise, and level noise versus pattern noise, and (c) to outline useful ways of reducing noise, and thus overall levels of error.
Effects of In Situ Grown SiC on the Microstructure and Anti‐Ablation Performance of C/C–SiC Composites Fabricated by Sol–Gel and Precursor Impregnation and Pyrolysis
Authors: Zhang Ze , Fang Cunqian , Shi Anhong , Weng Yuanqi , Zheng Lei , Huang Qizhong , Hu Huiping
Published: April 2022

With the use of a novel precursor, SiC granules together with nanofibers were grown in situ in C/C felt utilizing sol–gel and precursor impregnation and pyrolysis methods. The results showed that the precursor possessed low residual carbon after the carbothermal reduction reaction. Moreover, owing to the gas–gas reaction between SiO and CO, the generated SiC largely filled the microvoids in the regions of the non‐woven layer. Furthermore, the in situ grown SiC of the composites was more continuous than the nubby SiC of polycarbosilane because of the uniform filling of SiC particles and nanofibers. All these factors are conducive to the formation of a compact layer of SiO2 during ablation by increasing the molten glass and impeding the infiltration of O2. As a result, the fabricated C/C–SiC composites exhibited better ablation resistance, and the linear and mass ablation rates were 7.284 ± 0.307 μm s−1 and 0.218 ± 0.023 mg s−1, respectively, after ablation for 120 s.
Modeling‐Led Materials‐Binding Peptide Design for Hexagonal Boron Nitride Interfaces
Authors: Jin Ruitao , Walsh Tiffany R.
Published: April 2022

Peptides that can bind specific nanomaterials with affinity and specificity are attractive for realizing a wide range of applications. Manipulation of biomolecule/2D‐material interfaces via noncovalent interactions in aqueous media has gained intensive attention due to the promising potential for biomolecule‐facilitated 2D‐material exfoliation, dispersion, and organization in water. Such advances have been recently achieved for graphene, where several peptide sequences have demonstrated this capability. However, few peptides are known specific binders of hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN), resulting in a lack of fundamental knowledge regarding biomolecule/h‐BN interactions at the aqueous interface. To address this, enhanced sampling techniques are used to complete the set of interfacial adsorption free energies for all 20 amino acids, and a range of tripeptides. Based on these data, a reductionist approach is proposed to design new dodecapeptides anticipated to have stronger binding to h‐BN compared with a known h‐BN‐binding peptide, BP7, based on rearrangements of the tripeptide motifs within BP7. This hypothesis is tested using replica exchange with solute tempering molecular dynamics simulations, and the results indicate significantly increased surface contact for the two proposed BP7‐derived sequences. This work provides a rational, economical, and general approach to propose, design, and examine new material‐binding peptides based on their constituent properties.
Are Asymmetric SAM‐Induced Work Function Modifications Relevant for Real Molecular Rectifiers?
Authors: Bâldea Ioan
Published: April 2022

Due to the fabrication architecture employed—flat s(ubstrate) versus sharp t(ip), chemisorption versus physisorption, etc–, self assembled monolayers (SAMs) break the forward‐backward invariance even in case of homometal molecular junctions; they induce changes in electrodes' work function different from each other (). Because differences translate into internal (Volta) electric fields often exceeding those created by the highest applied biases that real junctions can withstand, one may expect effects relevant for current rectification (RR). Here, they theoretically analyze asymmetric raw I‐V data of benchmark junctions. Notwithstanding the large values  eV, they found that the impact on rectification is completely negligible. So, the present theoretical results conveys a word of caution: not any effect that strongly breaks the inversion symmetry necessarily leads to current rectification. While their analysis indicates that per se unequal SAM‐induced 's can hardly affect RR‐values in general, it does not rule out an indirect effect for junctions where 's affect the charge transfer between the metal layer at interface and the bulk. From this perspective, using interposed narrow‐band metal adlayers may be an appealing route toward improving rectification via interface engineering.
Ordered Mesoporous Boron Carbon Nitrides with Tunable Mesopore Nanoarchitectonics for Energy Storage and CO2 Adsorption Properties
Authors: Sathish CI , Kothandam Gopalakrishnan , Selvarajan Premkumar , Lei Zhihao , Lee Jangmee , Qu Jiangtao , Al‐Muhtaseb Ala'a H. , Yu Xiaojiang , Breese Mark B. H. , Zheng Rongkun , Yi Jiabao , Vinu Ajayan
Published: April 2022

Porous boron carbon nitride (BCN) is one of the exciting systems with unique electrochemical and adsorption properties. However, the synthesis of low‐cost and porous BCN with tunable porosity is challenging, limiting its full potential in a variety of applications. Herein, the preparation of well‐defined mesoporous boron carbon nitride (MBCN) with high specific surface area, tunable pores, and nitrogen contents is demonstrated through a simple integration of chemical polymerization of readily available sucrose and borane ammonia complex (BAC) through the nano‐hard‐templating approach. The bimodal pores are introduced in MBCN by controlling the self‐organization of BAC and sucrose molecules within the nanochannels of the template. It is found that the optimized sample shows a high specific capacitance (296 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1), large specific capacity for sodium‐ion battery (349 mAg h−1 at 50 mAh g−1), and excellent CO2 adsorption capacity (27.14 mmol g−1 at 30 bar). Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that different adsorption sites (BC, BN, CN, and CC) and the large specific surface area strongly support the high adsorption capacity. This finding offers an innovative breakthrough in the design and development of MBCN nanostructures for energy storage and carbon capture applications.
Wine consumers' demand for social sustainability labeling: Evidence for the fair labor claim
Authors: Piracci Giovanna , Boncinelli Fabio , Casini Leonardo
Published: April 2022

This study aims to investigate consumer preferences for social sustainability labeling for wine. We explored the potential demand for a fair labor label that certifies wine produced through the fair treatment of workers in Italy, since the exploitation of migrant labor has become a preeminent issue in the country. We conducted a choice experiment on a sample of 500 consumers. Results indicated that they were willing to pay a considerable premium for wine produced by wineries that respects workers' rights and that there is a wide heterogeneity in consumer preferences for sustainability labeling according to the different dimensions underlying the label.
RETRACTED: Monitoring system of agricultural performance based on multisensor data and cross‐validation technique in merging temporal images
Authors: Bhavani N. P. G. , Chillakuru Prameeladevi , Adusumilli Ramana Lakshmi , Alroobaea Roobaea , Rubaiee Saeed , S. Hanbazazah Abdulkader , Mann Suman
Published: April 2022

Several approaches to forecasting agricultural production have been used across the country, but they have focused on information widely detected with technology that was not very successful. Unfortunately, because of many difficulties such as climate variables (50% global fog cover) with limited temporal accuracy, the remotely detected information necessary to predict crop production was often insufficient. As a result of these problems, existing methods of estimating agricultural production are ineffective or out of date. Several efforts have been made to overcome these challenges by combining images with high temporal accuracy but poor geographic detail. On the other hand, it is this kind of situation that is most suitable for extremely large and homogeneous agricultural areas. An innovative theoretical framework has developed that explains this absence of high‐quality satellite images. This intelligent method was built around this new theoretical framework, which incorporates its use of something like the energy equation to improve the predictions of multiple cultures. Many producers were contacted and data regarding agricultural production were obtained to validate the results of the smart technology. The excellent reliability of this intelligent method has been shown by a comparative contrast between projected crop yields and actual output in various areas.
Inventory management and loss in beer retailing
Authors: Richards Timothy J. , Hamilton Stephen F.
Published: April 2022

Food waste, or loss, at the wholesale and retail levels accounts for some 40% of the total amount of supply‐chain waste. While zero waste is never optimal, there are managerial variables that contribute to the level of loss. In this paper, we use data from a large beverage distributor to estimate the most important causes of loss, and investigate which can be controlled in an economically‐viable way. Controlling for a range of important environmental (uncontrollable) variables, we find that competitive pricing, case sets, assortment size, package size, and inefficiency are the most important determinants of loss. However, our most important finding highlights the importance of “discretion over rules” in inventory management as salesforce discretion in delivering less‐than‐ordered amounts is statistically important and one of the only ways management can directly influence supply‐chain loss. Our findings contribute to the growing literature on food and beverage supply‐chain sustainability, food loss and waste, and inventory management. As such, our findings are likely to be of interest to both managers in the food and beverage supply chain (manufacturers, distributors, and retailers) and policy makers interested in reducing food and beverage loss and improving food system sustainability. [EconLit Citations: D43, L13, M31].
Concentrated Aqueous Peroxodicarbonate: Efficient Electrosyn‐ thesis and Use as Oxidizer in Epoxidations, S‐, and N‐Oxidations
Authors: Seitz Ann‐Katrin , Kohlpaintner Philipp J. , van Lingen Tim , Dyga Marco , Sprang Fiona , Zirbes Michael , Waldvogel Siegfried R. , Gooßen Lukas J.
Published: April 2022

Peroxodicarbonates are of substantial interest as potentially powerful and sustainable oxidizers but have so far been accessible only in low concentrations with unsatisfactory energy efficiency. Concentrated (> 0.9 mol L−1) peroxodicarbonate solutions have now been made accessible by the electrolysis of aqueous K2CO3/Na2CO3/KHCO3 solutions at high current density of 3.33 A cm−2 in an efficiently cooled circular flow reactor equipped with a boron‐doped diamond anode and a stainless‐steel cathode. Their synthetic potential as platform oxidizers was clearly demonstrated in transformations including sulfoxidation, N‐oxidation, and epoxidation.
Seasonal niche and spatial distribution modelling of the loggerhead (Caretta caretta) in the Adriatic and Ionian seas
Authors: Zampollo Arianna , Arcangeli Antonella , Costantino Matteo , Mancino Chiara , Crosti Roberto , Pietroluongo Guido , Giacoma Cristina , Azzolin Marta
Published: April 2022

Although Caretta caretta is the most common turtle in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, its distribution is relatively difficult to assess due to the lack of data in offshore waters.

The ecological niches in the central‐southern Adriatic Sea and the north‐eastern Ionian Sea were investigated for loggerhead turtles with body sizes ≥20 cm during two periods: winter (W), which includes months from October to March, and breeding–nesting (BN), from April to September. Differences in the spatial distribution of loggerheads were explored between periods, and the environmental predictors driving habitat selection were examined.

Loggerheads mainly select habitats within the continental shelf (<200 m) differently, and exhibit: (i) a generalist behaviour in the Adriatic subregion during BN and a specific selection of environmental conditions during W; and (ii) a specialist behaviour in the Ionian Sea. The Adriatic niche appeared as an important foraging ground year‐round, whereas the distribution of suitable areas in the Ionian Sea is patchy and limited to specific habitats close to shore. Extreme values of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) from October to March (W) influenced loggerhead distribution differently in the subregions: areas experiencing cold and warm SST peaks were selected, respectively, in the Adriatic and Ionian subregions. Moreover, SST in April largely contributed to defining the habitat suitability in BN for both subregions

This study further confirms the importance of the Adriatic and Ionian seas for the conservation of loggerhead sea turtles and the need for seasonal investigations to establish effective conservation measures. Here, the use of a cost‐effective method (fixed line transects from ferries) to inform the distribution of sea turtles in offshore waters is a valuable methodology for long‐term seasonal investigations of the habitat use of sea turtles.
Follow‐up observations of the binary system γ Cep
Authors: Mugrauer Markus , Schlagenhauf Saskia , Buder Sven , Ginski Christian , Fernández Matilde
Published: April 2022

We present follow‐up imaging and spectroscopic observations of the exoplanet host star γ Cep A, and of its low‐mass stellar companion γ Cep B. We used the lucky‐imager AstraLux at the Calar Alto observatory to follow the orbital motion of the companion around its primary, whose radial velocity (RV) was determined with spectra of the star, taken with the Échelle spectrograph FLECHAS at the University Observatory Jena. We measured the astrometry of the companion relative to the exoplanet host star in all AstraLux images and determined its apparent SDSS i′‐band photometry, for which we obtained mag. Using stellar evolutionary models and the Gaia parallax of the exoplanet host star, we derived the mass of γ Cep B to be 0.39 ± 0.03 M⊙. This is in good agreement with the mass of the companion that we derived from its near‐infrared photometry given in the literature. With the detection limit reached in our AstraLux images, we explored the detection space of potential additional companions in the γ Cep binary system. In the background limited region at angular separations larger than 5 arcsec (or 69 au of projected separation) companions down to 0.11 M⊙ are detectable around the bright exoplanet host star. The radial field of view, fully covered by our AstraLux observations, exhibits a radius of 11.2 arcsec. This allows the detection of companions with projected separations up to 155 au. However, except for γ Cep B, no additional companions could be imaged with AstraLux around the exoplanet host star. We redetermined the orbital solution of the γ Cep binary system with the new AstraLux astrometry of γ Cep B and the additional radial velocities of γ Cep A, obtained from our FLECHAS spectroscopy of the star, combined with astrometric and RV data from the literature. The determined Keplerian orbital elements were used to derive the system parameters and to calculate specific future ephemeris for this intriguing exoplanet host binary star system.
Broken or socially mistuned mirroring in ASD? An investigation via transcranial magnetic stimulation
Authors: Prinsen Jellina , Alaerts Kaat
Published: April 2022

Individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience persistent difficulties during social interactions and communication. Previously, it has been suggested that deficits in the so‐called “mirror system,” active during both action execution and observation, may underlie these social difficulties. It is still a topic of debate however whether deficiencies in the simulation of others' actions (i.e., “broken” mirroring) forms a general feature of ASD, or whether these mostly reflect a lack of social attunement. The latter would suggest an overall intact mirror system, but an impaired modulation of mirror activity according to variable social contexts. In this study, 25 adults with ASD and 28 age‐ and IQ‐matched control participants underwent transcranial magnetic stimulation during the observation of hand movements under variable conditions. Hand movements were presented via a live interaction partner, either without social context to assess basic motor mirroring or in combination with direct and averted gaze from the actor to assess socially modulated mirroring. Overall, no significant group differences were revealed, indicating no generally diminished mirror activity in ASD. Interestingly however, regression analyses revealed that, among ASD participants, higher symptom severity was associated with both reduced basic motor mirroring and aberrant socially modulated mirroring (i.e., no enhancement of mirror system activity upon observation of the interaction partner's direct vs. averted gaze). These findings further challenge the notion that mirror system dysfunctions constitute a principal feature of ASD, but demonstrate that variations in mirroring may be related to differential expressions of ASD symptom severity.

Lay Summary

Our findings show similar activity levels in brain regions responsible for action simulation and understanding in adults with autism, compared to adults without autism. However, the presence of more severe autism symptoms was linked to reduced activity in these regions. This suggests lower levels of brain activity during action understanding in some, but not all, persons with autism, which may contribute to the social difficulties these persons experience in daily life.
Untersuchung des Feuchteeintrags in erdberührtes Ziegelmauerwerk durch die Bewässerung von Kletterpflanzen
Authors: Pichlhöfer Alexander , Fischer Henriette , Wimmer Werner , Korjenic Azra
Published: April 2022

Aufbauend auf den Ergebnissen aus dem Projekt „Feuchteeinträge in die Außenwandkonstruktion von Untergeschossen aufgrund von Kletterpflanzen wurden im Folgeprojekt detaillierte Untersuchungen zur Feuchtigkeit in Ziegelmauerwerk im Zusammenhang mit Kletter‐pflanzen durchgeführt. Vier Prüfstande, welche eine erdberührte Kellerwand aus Ziegel simulieren sollten, wurden konstruiert. Um Auswirkungen der Begrünung zu erfassen, wurde die Feuchtigkeit im Erdreich (Substrat) und im Ziegelmauerwerk kontinuierlich gemessen. Um Unterschiede zwischen verschiedenen Pflanzen untersuchen zu können, wurden drei der Prüf‐stände mit verschiedenen Kletterpflanzen bepflanzt und der vierte Prüfstand als Referenz ohne Bepflanzung verwendet. Bei der Auswertung wurde die Feuchtigkeit im Substrat und des Ziegelmauerwerks verglichen. Die Kletterpflanzen haben grundsätzlich für eine geringere Feuchtigkeit in Substrat und Mauerwerk gesorgt, gleichzeitig konnte kein direkter Zusammen‐hang zwischen den gemessenen Parametern festgestellt werden. Bei im Vergleich höherer Feuchtigkeit im Substrat liegt nicht zwangsläufig höhere Feuchtigkeit im Mauerwerk vor. Die vorgefundene Feuchtigkeit im Mauerwerk wurde anschließend in Anlehnung an ÖNORM B 3355 bewertet. Zusätzlich wurde für das verwendete Substrat und die verwendeten Ziegel die Saugspannungskurve mithilfe von Drucktopf‐Extraktoren bestimmt und ausgewertet.
RoofKIT – Auf dem Weg zu einem neuen Bauen
Authors: Wagner Andreas , Carbonare Nicolas , Hebel Dirk. E. , Knudsen Mattis , Gebauer Regina , Blümke Katharina
Published: April 2022

Der Beitrag des Teams RoofKIT zum SDE 21/22 ist die Aufstockung auf ein Bestandsgebäude, um neue Funktionen und Wohnraum für das Gebäude zu schaffen bei gleichzeitiger energetischer Aufwertung. Hauptzielsetzungen sind das sortenreine und kreislaufgerechte Bauen sowie eine CO2‐neutrale solargestützte Energieversorgung. Im Fokus dieses Berichts stehen die Konstruktion der Gebäudehülle einer Demoeinheit sowie deren passive Kühlung durch Nachtlüftung.
Schalldämmung mit vorgehängten hinterlüfteten Fassaden
Authors: Eßer Georg , Keil Moritz
Published: April 2022

Bereits in den Jahren 1992 bis 1994 wurden über 30 Eignungs‐ und Baumusterprüfungen an vorgehängten hinterlüfteten Fassaden (VHF) im Prüfstand der ita Ingenieurgesellschaft für Technische Akustik mbH durchgeführt. Damals wurde bei den Messungen eine 60 mm und eine 120 mm dicke Wärmedämmung verbaut. Da sich im Zuge der fortschreitenden Anforderungen an die Energieeinsparung die Dicken der Wärmedämmung erhöht haben, wurden erneut über 40 Messungen der Luftschalldämmung im Labor der ita Ingenieurgesellschaft für Technische Akustik mbH an vorgehängten hinterlüfteten Fassaden vorgenommen. Hierbei erfolgten die meisten Messungen mit einer Mineralwolldämmung in einer Dicke von d = 180 mm. Weiterhin hat sich die Vielfalt an Fassadenbekleidungen sowie Befestigungssystemen vergrößert, was die Notwendigkeit einer Neuauflage nochmals unterstreicht. Da in der DIN 4109‐34:2016‐07 „Schallschutz im Hochbau – Teil 34: Daten für die rechnerischen Nachweise des Schallschutzes (Bauteilkatalog) – Vorsatzkonstruktionen vor massiven Bauteilen” noch keine Ausarbeitungen für vorgehängte hinterlüftete Fassaden vorliegen, können die hier vorgestellten Messergebnisse auch für die Planung des Schallschutzes gegenüber Außenlärm in Verbindung mit vorgehängten hinterlüfteten Fassaden eine erste Hilfestellung bieten.
Traglastermittlung für die Robustheitsbewertung von Stahlwasserbauwerken
Authors: Panenka Andreas
Published: April 2022

Im Zusammenhang mit der Planung von Instandhaltungsmaßnahmen an Bauwerken der Bundeswasserstraßen stellt das BAWMerkblatt „Bewertung der Tragfähigkeit bestehender Verschlüsse im Stahlwasserbau (TbVS)“ ein Verfahren zur Verfügung, das anhand einer Robustheitsbewertung Informationen über die Tragsicherheit und das Tragverhalten von beschädigten Stahlwasserbauten liefert. Kennzahl der Robustheitsbewertung ist die Traglast des Tragwerks. Der Beitrag stellt den Analyseablauf vor, mit dem im Rahmen der Robustheitsbewertung die Traglast für die gängigen Tragsysteme von stählernen Wehrverschlüssen mittels numerischer Verfahren berechnet wird. Nach einer Einführung zur Notwendigkeit von Robustheitsbewertungen für die bestehenden stählernen Verschlussorgane der Bundeswasserstraßen und der Erläuterung des zugrunde liegenden Sicherheitskonzepts folgt die Beschreibung des Analyseablaufs für die numerische Ermittlung der Traglast und ihrer Plausibilisierung. Zur Quantifizierung der Robustheitsbewertung wird der Schädigungsgrad D eingeführt. Drei Beispiele an jeweils unterschiedlichen Tragsystemen verdeutlichen anschließend das schrittweise Vorgehen bei der Traglastanalyse und der Berechnung des Schädigungsgrads. Die abschließende Zusammenfassung zeigt die Bedeutung des Verfahrens für die bauwerksübergreifende Instandhaltungsplanung auf.
PSMG3‐AS1 enhances glioma resistance to temozolomide via stabilizing c‐Myc in the nucleus
Authors: Zhou Li , Huang Xuming , Zhang Yu , Wang Jihui , Li Haiyan , Huang Haiwei
Published: April 2022

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the main form of primary brain malignancies with a dismal prognosis partly due to its invasive growth and rapid relapse. GBM frequently developed resistance to current standard‐of‐care therapeutic modalities, including surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, of which temozolomide (TMZ) is the most widely used first‐line anti‐GBM drug. Despite the intense efforts of the past decades, the underlying mechanisms of GBM resistance to TMZ remain largely unclear. Here we show that the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) PSMG3‐AS1 is significantly upregulated in GBM and its expression correlates with the grade of glioma, with the highest level observed in GBM (Grade IV glioma). We also demonstrated that PSMG3‐AS1 mediates the resistance of GBM to TMZ, as knockdown of PSMG3‐AS1 remarkably increased the sensitivity whereas overexpression of PSMG3‐AS1 in sensitive GBM cell line induced a resistance phenotype to TMZ. Mechanistically, PSMG3‐AS1 directly binds to c‐Myc and thus stabilizes c‐Myc in the nucleus to promote the survival of GBM cells under treatment of TMZ. Our data demonstrated an unreported role of PSMG3‐AS1 in TMZ resistance and provide a potential novel target to tackle TMZ resistance in GBM.