bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attention Control: A Cornerstone of Higher-Order Cognition - Burgoyne & Engle
Authors: Burgoyne Alexander P. , Engle Randall W
Published: September 2020

For years, psychologists have wondered why people who are highly skilled in one cognitive domain tend to be skilled in other cognitive domains, too. In this article, we explain how attention control provides a common thread between higher-order cognitive abilities, including fluid intelligence, working memory capacity, and sensory discrimination. Attention control allows us to pursue our goals in spite of distractions and temptations, to deviate from the habitual, and to keep information in mind amidst a maelstrom of divergent thought. Highlighting results from our lab, we describe the role of attention control in information maintenance and disengagement, and how these functions contribute to performance in a variety of complex cognitive tasks. We also describe a recent undertaking in which we developed new and improved attention control tasks, which had higher reliabilities, stronger inter-correlations, and higher loadings on a common factor than traditional measures. From an applied perspective, these new attention control tasks show great promise for use in personnel selection assessments. We close by outlining exciting avenues for future research.
Knowledge of the temporal structure of events in relation to autistic traits and social ability
Authors: Hannah Kara Elise , Brown Kevin , Hall-Bruce Mikayla , Stevenson Ryan A , McRae Ken
Published: September 2020

Event knowledge, a person’s understanding of patterns of activities in the world, is crucial for everyday social interactions. Social communication issues are prominent in autism spectrum disorder, which may be related to atypical event knowledge, such as atypical knowledge of the sequences of activities that comprise the temporal structure of events. Previous research has found that autistic individuals have atypical event knowledge, but research in this area is minimal, particularly regarding autistic individuals' knowledge of the temporal structure of events. Furthermore, no studies have investigated the link between event knowledge and autistic traits in a non-clinical sample. We investigated relationships between event knowledge and autistic traits in individuals from the general population with varying degrees of autistic traits. We predicted that atypical ordering of event activities is related to autistic traits, particularly social communication abilities, but not other clinical traits. In Study 1, atypical ordering of event activities correlated with social ability, but not with most measures of repetitive behaviours and restricted interests. In Study 2, the typicality of activity ordering varied by participants' social ability and the social nature of the events. Relationships were not found between event activity ordering and other clinical traits. These findings suggest a relationship between autistic traits, specifically social abilities, and knowledge of the temporal structure of events in a general population sample.
Extending the Choice Architecture Toolbox: The Choice Context Mapping
Authors: Hajdu Nandor , Szaszi Barnabas , Aczel Balazs
Published: September 2020

The role of context in behavioral interventions is indisputable, yet few intervention studies start with a systematic mapping of the influencing contextual factors. This is mostly due to the lack of a methodology that researchers can employ for this aim. Recognizing this current limitation of the field, we developed a procedure, the Choice Context Mapping, to provide researchers a tool to examine the contextual factors of a targeted behavior. We demonstrate the steps of Choice Context Mapping on the behavioural choice situation of stairs vs. elevator use. Potential contextual factors were collected from laypeople as well as experts, and two surveys were created to measure both the behavior and choice, as well as the beliefs of participants. We estimated the effect of contextual factors on the participants’ behavior and managed to identify the most influential ones regarding their contribution to the studied choice. Using Choice Context Mapping, we obtained an accurate prediction of whether one chooses the stairs or elevator based on contextual information in 93.26% of the cases, on previously unseen data. We also ascertained that participants differed in their beliefs about what influences them in this particular choice, and that they can be divided into different groups based on their beliefs. Our results indicate that Choice Context Mapping is a useful procedure for the collection and assessment of contextual factors in a given choice setting which can help the planning of behavioral interventions by considerably lowering the number of possible interventions that are plausibly effective.
A computational theory of child overextension
Authors: Xu Yang , Pinto Renato Ferreira
Published: September 2020

Overextension—the phenomenon that children extend known words to describe referents outside their vocabulary—is a hallmark of lexical innovation in early childhood. Overextension is a subject of extensive inquiry in linguistics and developmental psychology, but there exists no coherent formal account of this phenomenon. We develop a general computational framework that captures important properties of overextension reported separately in the previous literature. We operationalize overextension as probabilistic inference over a conceptual space that draws on a fusion of knowledge from lexical semantics, deep neural networks, and psychological experiments to support both production and comprehension. We show how this minimally parameterized framework explains overextension in young children over a comprehensive set of noun-referent pairs previously reported in child speech, and it also predicts the behavioral asymmetry in children’s overextensional production and comprehension reported in lab settings. Our work offers a computational theory for the origins of word meaning extension and supports a single-system view of language production and comprehension.
Judging the Misunderstood: A Pilot Public Stigmatism Intervention Towards Non-offending Paedophilia
Authors: Keegan Ross
Published: September 2020

Public stigmatisation has been identified as a barrier to seeking therapy amongst people with paedophilia (PWP). This study piloted a public stigmatism intervention towards non-offending paedophilia and compared its effectiveness with a public stigmatism intervention towards alcoholism. The overall aim was to reduce self-reported stigmatism towards PWP and assess the comparative effectiveness of the stigmatism intervention towards PWP with the alcoholism stigmatism intervention. A 2x2 mixed effects design was utilised to allow for the comparison of the stigmatism interventions. 80 participants were recruited opportunistically online and were provided with a text-based educational intervention combined with a counter-stereotypical exemplar video. This data was analysed using Bayesian Cumulative Probit Ordinal Regression Models. There was an effect of condition which indicated that stigma inventory scores towards PWP were consistently higher pre-intervention, estimate = 0.44, posterior probability = .99. No other estimates had 95% credible intervals (C.I) which did not include zero, making the results inconclusive. Despite this, the hypothesis distributions indicated that stigma inventory estimates tended towards the hypothesised results. The Perceived Social Distance model indicated that there may have been an effect of the intervention that was unique to the PWP condition although the C.I’s for this hypothesis, and for all others, also included zero. The Social Distance model estimates did not produce any of the hypothesised results and none of the C.I’s included zero. Overall, this study found that a public stigmatism intervention has the potential to change stigmatising beliefs towards PWP and influence the perceived opinions of peers towards PWP. It also contests the proposed differences in PWP and alcoholism social distancing. Notably it provides a tentative first step in the development of a public stigmatism intervention which could potentially increase PWP participation in formal therapeutic services.
The psychological burden of the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with anti-systemic attitudes and political violence
Authors: Bartusevicius Henrikas , Bor Alexander , Jørgensen Frederik Juhl , Petersen Michael Bang
Published: September 2020

What are the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for people's political attitudes and behavior? We tested, specifically, whether the psychological burden of the COVID-19 pandemic relates to anti-systemic attitudes (dissatisfaction with the fundamental social and political order), peaceful political activism, and political violence. Nationally representative two-wave panel data were collected via online surveys of adults in the United States, Denmark, Italy, and Hungary (Ns = 6,131 and 4,568 in Waves 1 and 2 respectively). Overall, levels of anti-systemic attitudes were low and only a small share of interviewees reported behavioral intentions to participate and actual participation in political violence. However, pre-registered analyses indicated that perceived COVID-19 burden was associated with anti-systemic attitudes and intentions to engage in political violence. In the US, COVID-19 burden was also associated with self-reported engagement in violence surrounding the Black Lives Matter protests and counter-protests. We found less robust evidence that perceived COVID-19 burden was associated with peaceful activism.
“It’s OK now as I am suffering from it since a long time”: a phenomenological understanding of what life is like for adolescents living with Chronic Renal Disease (CRD).
Authors: Shah Rohit , Adsul Neha
Published: September 2020

Chronic renal disease (CRD henceforth), results from a range of conditions that cause irreversible damage to the kidneys and is a recognised major medical problem worldwide. CRD in children and adolescent’s is an enervating condition requiring lifelong treatment in order ‘to survive’. Several researchers have criticised the research on children with CRD as most of these studies rely on standardised tools which seem to be grounded in objectivity and quantification. In this milieu, this Indian study adopts a qualitative approach underpinned by the philosophy of Husserlian phenomenology with descriptive phenomenology as a method. The primary purpose of the study was to delve into the lives of adolescents suffering from CRDs to understand their perceptions about how this challenging condition affects and changes their lives. The study findings uncovered a tapestry of complex interlinked changed ways of lives that the participants with such a condition must adopt along with constant daily struggle of conforming to a prescriptive way of life. The study outlined the lived experiences of these participants which were paradoxical in terms of suffering; hope in their struggle to deal with such a chronic condition and yet moving forward in life.
Fenestrated A1 in Ruptured Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm: A Case Report
Authors: Nepal Pankaj Raj , Thapa Dinesh Kumar , Bhattrai Robin , Rajbanshi Jagat Narayan
Published: September 2020

There is a lot of variation around the anterior communicating artery (Acom) and various classification systems have been quoted many times in literatures. Here we have reported a rare case of a 52-year-old woman who had ruptured Acomartery aneurysm. The angiography also showed a fenestration of the A1 segment of anterior cerebral artery.
RELEVANCE OF BILINGUALISM IN ADULT LEARNERS’ ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA
Authors: Adetuyi Chris Ajibade
Published: September 2020

The general English studies was introduced as a compulsory course for sandwich learners of colleges of education with a view to allowing them attain proficiency in English. Despite the measure, it seems attainment of proficiency is a mirage. Unattainment of English proficiency in sandwich program has been ascribed to less satisfactory teaching skill embracing language competence and pedagogy. However, there has been a dearth of studies on the teaching method of facilitators of the course. This paper therefore, has a focus on the relevance of bilingualism, in English Language development in the sandwich centers. Pretest and posttest control group as quasi-experimental design with 3X2X2 factorial matrix was adopted for the study. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and multiple classification analysis. Bilingual method of teaching was ascertained as having an upper hand over Direct and conventional method with a mean score of 67.54. Bilingualism therefore proved relevant to the teaching of General English Studies to the Adult learners. The paper concludes that facilitators should recognize the learners' mother tongue in the learning of English. This would stimulate learners' interest, accelerate their understanding, and ensure effective class-contact needed in adult education teaching-learning process.
Using Vocabulary Journals to Improve Vocabulary Learning among Primary School Pupils in Malaysia
Authors: Kee Li Li , Ting Joanna Chong Wan
Published: September 2020

This action research was to investigate the effects of vocabulary journals on Malaysian primary school pupils’vocabulary learning. English language learners (ELLs) are often unable to retain new vocabulary learning. This could be attributed to the fact that the traditional method of vocabulary learning does not appeal to them in terms of engagement and interest. Therefore vocabulary journals were conceived as an interesting and engaging method to improve pupils’ vocabulary learning. The action research design was used which integrated both qualitative and quantitative data (i.e., pupils’ work, semi-structured interview, pre-vocabulary test, and post-vocabulary test). The results show that vocabulary journals helped the participants to learn vocabulary more effectively. It is an effective scaffolding tool for vocabulary learning among the primary school pupils, though the journals could be further improved. Further suggestions were to improve on the questions in interviewing and to use reflective journals to increase the validity of the research.
Metachronous Gastric Tube Cancer After Esophagectomy with Gastric Pull-Up – Case Report
Authors: Glanemann M. , Jorge Cristina , Müller Susan , Gafarli S. , Igna D. , Glanemann M.
Published: September 2020

The progresses in the therapy and methods of diagnosis of malignancies led to a prolonged survival and,
consequently, to an increase in secondary tumors in cancer survivor patients [1-7]. We report the case of a
64-year-old patient who was diagnosed with a second primary adenocarcinoma in the gastric conduit, more
than two years after the esophagectomy with gastric pull-up. We performed a resection of the gastric conduit
and reconstructed with an ileocolon interposition.
Management of Occult Spondylolisthesis in a Case of Low Back Pain
Authors: Rahman Md. Moshiur , Rahman Md. Moshiur , Khan S.I.M Khairun Nabi , Khan Robert Ahmed , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael , Shahidullah Mohammad
Published: September 2020

Spondylolisthesis is a condition of the spine that causes lower back pain. It is a vertebra slippage that occurs
at the base of the spine, in most instances. We report a case of occult spondylolisthesis of a patient with
grade 1 spondylolisthesis (L4 over L5). We presented the radiologic finding, diagnosis, and treatment here.
A 45-year-old female was presented with the complaints of low back pain with sciatica for 4 years. The
radiologic finding showed that she had dysaesthesia on both L5 dermatome and MRI of LS Spine revealed
prolapsed disc at L4/5. The patient underwent decompression, stabilization via pedicle screw at L4 and L5
with fusion at L4/5 and after constant follow-ups, she was symptom-free with a full range of motion of the
spine. Posterior fusion with instrumentation of the pedicle screw is commonly considered the gold standard
method of lumbar spinal fusion. Non-surgical treatment is effective in relieving low back pain of the patient
in most cases however, symptomatic patients need to be treated with the surgical method.
Kelas Semiotik Nilai Pendidikan Karakter terhadap Masyarakat dalam Karya Raja Ali Haji
Authors: Shanty Isnaini Leo , Malik Abdul , Subroto Gatot
Published: September 2020

This paper is aimed to analyze semiotic classes of character education values to the people in the works of Raja Ali Haji. Five works of Raja Ali Haji, namely Syair Abdul Muluk, Gurindam Dua Belas, Thamarat al-Muhimmah, Tuhfat al-Nafis, and Syair Sinar Gemala Mestika Alam, were analyzed. In this study, four semiotic classes of character education values to the people were found: (1) rheumatic iconic qualisign, namely the quality of thoughts, feelings, traits, and attitudes attached to people who have that character, (2) rheumatic indexical sinsign, namely the quality of words and or behavior of someone that can be heard and or observed by others, (3) dicent indexical legisign, which is a sign that is meaningful information and refers to the subject of information based on certain norms, and (4) argument, namely the conclusions put forward by Raja Ali Haji is based on the truth he believes, namely the norms of Islamic teachings. Based on these findings, Raja Ali Haji’s works can be used as references for the development of character education material sourced from literary works.
Identifikasi Level Kognitif pada Soal Ujian Akhir Semester Gasal Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Erfan Muhammad , Nurwahidah  , Anar Ashar Pajarungi , Maulyda Mohammad Archi
Published: September 2020

Developing measurement tools in the form of a question is a skill that must be mastered by educators and prospective educators. With the implementation of the 2013 curriculum, educators must not only be able to develop authentic assessments but questions that developed must also be able to encourage students to master lower-order thinking skills (LOTS) as well as higher-order thinking skills (HOTS). This study aims to determine the cognitive level of final semester exam questions at fourth-grade elementary school level on theme 3, theme 4, and theme 5. This study uses descriptive-analytical methods in which the researcher tries to describe the object (question item). The results obtained that most of the multiple-choice questions both in Theme 3, Theme 4, and Theme 5 at the elementary school level grade IV (four) at Gugus 2 Aik Dareq sub-district, Central Lombok are still at the cognitive level of low-level thinking ability (LOTS).
Building hydrosocialism in Czechoslovakia
Authors: Janáč Jiří
Published: September 2020

Throughout the period of state socialism, water was viewed as an instrument of immense transformative power and water experts were seen as guardians of such transformation, a transformation for which we coin the term ‘hydrosocialism’. A reconfiguration of water, a scarce and vital natural resource, was to a great extent identified with social change and envisioned transition to socialist and eventually communist society. While in the West, hydraulic experts (hydrocrats) and the vision of a ‘civilising mission’ of water management (hydraulic mission) gradually faded away with the arrival of reflexive modernity from the 1960s, in socialist Czechoslovakia the situation was different. Despite the fact they faced analogous challenges (environmental issues, economisation), the technocratic character of state socialism enabled socialist hydraulic engineers to secure their position and belief in transformative powers of water.
Financial Development, Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth: The Role of Institutional Quality in Pakistan
Authors: Munir Sidra , Rao Zia Ur Rehman , Sana S
Published: September 2020

The study examines the influence of financial development, fiscal policy, and institutional quality on the growth of Pakistan economy. We investigate whether financial development and or fiscal policies promote the economic growth. We also analyse the effect of institutional quality on economic growth of Pakistan. We use time series data from 1985-2016 and use GDP to proxy economic growth. We use unit-root tests to check for stationary of our sample. We perform a logarithmic transformation on the series to reduce outlier effects and use Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model. The results show that financial development and revenue have a positive impact on growth. Our study results implicate that sound, strategic, and result-oriented policies should be formulated to transform our institutions and financial sectors into well organized, powerful, and trusted frameworks. These transformations will ensure efficient and productive utilization of savings.
Does corporate groups accrue higher leverage: Emerging Market Evidence
Authors: Khan Safi Ullah , Rizwan Mohammad Faisal
Published: September 2020

This article explores the capital structure composition of group-affiliated firms. We find that group member firms choose to accrue higher debt ratios compared to non-group counterparts. Further disentangling the higher debt ratios of group-affiliates, we find risk-sharing or co-insurance effect whereby business groups enable member firms to share risks through income-smoothing and intra-group reallocation of resources. Our results suggest that business groups act as internal capital markets, assist affiliated firms overcome financial constraints, and ease access to external capital. Lastly, our study shows that group affiliations positively contribute to firms’ better financial performance relative to the non-group firms.
Industrial prospective of bio-fuel production from Algae harvesting: A Review
Authors: Vashishtha Vineet Kumar , Kumar Anil , Pal Amit
Published: September 2020

Commercializing of algal bio-fuel is the major challenge due to proficient harvesting in current scenario. Several species of the algae contain a high concentration of lipids and necessitate simple cultivation methods than usual crops for the conversion of bio-fuels. Algae have the capability to make many biofuels such as bioethanol, biodiesel, bio-hydrogen, etc. Algae bio mass have potential in terms of ‘energy’, but there is challenge in having a feasible balanced energy in algae bio-fuel development operations. Extra challenges of algal harvesting appear from the minute structure of algal cell, comparison of density in the algal cells to the augmentation medium, the pessimistic surface indict on the algal and micro-algae enlargement process which necessitate numerous harvesting compared to the earthbound plants. Centrifugation sedimentation, flotation, filtration and flocculation or a blend of these are main methods of algal harvesting. This paper reviews different methods of harvesting of algae & potential growth of algal biofuel.
Application of nano-PCMs in solar Photovoltaic
Authors: Srivastava Shubham , Deepak  , Malvi CS
Published: September 2020

Although the good intensity of solar radiation is desirable for a solar PV system, but the power output drops with a rise in its temperature. The open-circuit voltage of PV panel decreases with increase in its temperature, thus lowering the PV effect. Many studies have been carried out by the researcher to tackle this problem, proposing modification in conventional PV system design and utilizing water, air, PCM, and oil as a cooling medium in various cooling systems. Although PCM has fascinating characteristics as a thermal energy storage medium in the solar system, but low thermal conductivity became a barrier in energy conversion. Few studies suggested the use of nanoparticles in PCM to increase its heat transfer rate but very few studies were focused on nano PCM incorporated solar PV system. This paper summarized the researches done so far on nano PCM solar PV system by delineating the methods, and materials involved.
DISEMINASI INKLUSI KEUANGAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN KUALITAS SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA KOPERASI SMP 83
Authors: Surahman Arif , Mogi Agustina , Alhabsyi Muhammad Yuda , Cahyadi Eko , Hermawan Hengki
Published: September 2020

Permasalahan utama yang dihadapi oleh Koperasi SMP 83 adalah sebagai berikut : A. Koperasi menghadapi masalah publikasi dan eksistensi dalam keragaman produk pembiayaan kepada anggotanya. B. Koperasi perlu lebih banyak mengetahui mengenai inklusi keuangan. C. Koperasi memiliki mutu sumberdaya yang rendah dalam mengelola pembiayaan yang telah diberikan. Beberapa langkah yang ditempuh sebagai metode untuk melaksanakan solusi terhadap permasalahan yang dihadapi yayasan akan dilakukan dengan beberapa hal berikut ini:1. Sosialisasi Program 2. Koordinasi 3. Pelaksanaan Program 4. Evaluasi Program.Hasil dari pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah berubahnya pola pikir dan wawasan dari peserta yang mengikuti penyuluhan sebagaimana dibuktikan dengan adanya games dan challenge untuk menguji kemampuan dan wawasan peserta PKM. Kata Kunci : Inklusi, Keuangan, Pengembangan, Kualitas, Pinjaman.
PERTANGGUNG JAWABAN PIDANA TERHADAP PELAKU PENGGELAPAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN JABATAN MENURUT PASAL 374 KUHP DALAM PENDEKATAN TEORI PEMIDANAAN (Analisis Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Selatan Nomor 1316/Pid.B/2017/PN.Jkt.Sel)
Authors: Muntaha Miftakul , Kartono Kartono
Published: September 2020

The crime that is rife and continues to grow until now is a crime against property. One crime that is a crime against property is a crime of embezzlement. Crimes of embezzlement are regulated in book II of the Criminal Law Act in Articles 372 - 377 KUHP which is a crime that often occurs in various layers of the lower layers of society, abuse of trust that dominates as the main element of this crime. Embezzlement has different types, one of which is embezzlement by occupation is a community disease that is closely related to crime, which in its historical process from generation to generation turns out that the crime is a crime that harms others and or the agency where the offender works. Criminal acts against embezzlement by position must be different from ordinary embezzlement because there are incriminating elements in it as regulated in the Criminal Code. Judges' considerations and legal facts are an influential part in determining the sanction imposed in criminal proceedings.
ANALISIS USAHA TANAMAN HIAS DI KELURAHAN TEMBILAHAN KOTA KECAMATAN TEMBILAHAN KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR (Studi Kasus Kembang Lestari Garden)
Authors: Partini Partini , Nuraini Nuraini
Published: September 2020

Salah satu komoditas pertanian yang digunakan untuk keindahan adalahtanaman hias. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah : (1) Untuk mengetahui biaya yangdikeluarkan dalam usaha tanaman hias Kembang Lestari Garden. (2) Untukmengetahui pendapatan yang diperoleh dalam usaha tanaman hias KembangLestari Garden. (3) Untuk mengetahui efesiensi dalam usaha tanaman hiasKembang Lestari Garden. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa : (1) Totalbiaya yang dikeluarkan sebesar Rp.11.245.766. (2) Pendapatan bersih sebesar Rp.2.164.234. (3) Efesiensi usaha tanaman hias adalah Rp. 1,21 berarti setiap Rp.1,-biaya yang di keluarkan memberikan penerimaan sebesar Rp. 1,21 keuntungansebesar Rp. 0,21
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN USAHATANI SEMANGKA DI DESA SANGLAR KECAMATAN RETEH KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR
Authors: Abd.Rasyid Abd.Rasyid , Syahrantau Gunawan
Published: September 2020

Semangka merupakan salah satu buah yang sangat digemari masyarakatIndonesia karena rasanya yang manis, renyah dan kandungan airnya yangbanyak.Metode analisis data yang digunakan seperti analisis biaya,pendapatan danefesiensi.Tujuan penelitian adalah: (1) Mengetahui pendapatan usahatanisemangka di Desa Sanglar Kecamatan Reteh, (2) Menganalisis tingkat efisiesnsiusahatani semangka di Desa Sanglar Kecamatan Reteh Kabupaten Indragiri HilirHasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : (1) rata-rata keuntungan yang diperolehadalah sebesar 15.642.902,49 per masatanam, (2) Nilai RCR adalah sebesar 1,93yang berarti usahatani semangka efesien
ANALISIS MARGIN PEMASARAN SEMANGKA MADU DI KECAMATAN RETEH KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR
Authors: Yeni Afiza  , Gunawan Syahrantau
Published: September 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah : (1) untuk mengetahui margin pemasaran semangka madu di Kecamatan Reteh Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, (2) Untukmengetahui farmer’s share pemasaran semangka madu di Kecamatan RetehKabupaten Indragiri Hilir dan (3) Untuk mengetahui efesiensi pemasaran semangkamadu di Kecamatan Reteh Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir. Metode penelitian yangdigunakan yaitu (1) margin pemasaran (2) farmer’s share dan (3) efesiensipemasaran. Hasil penelitian adalah : (1) margin pemasaran saluran 1 tidak ada,margin pemasaran saluran ll sebesar Rp 2.000,- per kg dan margin pemasaran saluranlll sebesar Rp 4.000.- per kg, (2) farmer’s share saluran 1 sebesar 100 %, farmer’sshare saluran ll sebesar 75% dan farmer’s share saluran lll 50%, (3) Efesiensi saluranl sebesar 0,41%, saluran ll sebesar 0,42% dan saluran lll yaitu 1,02%.
Dialek Betawi Jakarta
Authors: Jubaidah Siti
Published: September 2020

The native Jakartans call themselves the Betawi people or the Betawi Malay or the Selam people (only after independence was achieved, their names were better known as the people of Jakarta). The language he uses is called Malay or Betawi Malay (also only after independence, his name is better known as the Jakarta language). As for the language spoken on the edge of Jakarta, in areas bordering Sundanese, he calls it the name Betawi Ora '. The Betawi language or Betawi dialect has regional variations, in other words, the Betawi dialect experiences differences between one region and another in Jakarta.
An Approach to Main Web Content and Keyword Extraction to Develop a Vietnamese Contextual Advertising Engine
Authors: Minh Nguyen Quy , Bac Le Hoai
Published: September 2020

Contextual advertising is a next-generation of online marketing. A contextual advertising system scans the text of a web page for keywords and returns advertisements to that web page based on what the user is viewing. For example, if the user is viewing a web page pertaining to sports, the user may see advertisements for sports-related things, such as sport equipments or sporting events. To do so, we face two main problems: detecting the main content of the web page, and extracting keywords from Vietnamest text automatically. For the first problem, we proposed a method of web page segmentation by employing histogram scheme. For the second problem, we have mesured and combined the local statistic together with global statistic of each term to estimate the importance of a term, and then determine the main keywords. Our methods were evaluated and compared with others base on the following measures: prcision, recall, and F-measure. Received results are very positive.
Elementy rękopiśmienne w drukowanej książce staropolskiej
Authors: Czekajewska-Jędrusik Anna
Published: September 2020

Artykuł poświęcony jest problematyce rękopiśmiennych dodatków występujących w książce drukowanej w okresie staropolskim. Obok sensu stricto zapisków proweniencyjnych, Autorka przeanalizowała różne inne rodzaje (np. podkreślenia, skreślenia, marginalia, manicule) pozostawiane przez czytelnika na kartach drukowanej książki w XVI i XVII w. Jednoczesne występowanie w zapisce rękopiśmiennej cech zewnętrznych właściwych średniowiecznej książce rękopiśmiennej (taka sama lokalizacja zapisek sporządzonych na ogół tradycyjnie starannym pismem), sformułowań zaczerpniętych z literatury starożytnej, jak również treści wyrażające osobowość człowieka nowej epoki, pozwala – zdaniem Autorki – traktować je jako charakterystyczny element kultury staropolskiej.
Kodeks Reguł paulińskich zwany „Katenatem” na tle kultury książki w zakonie paulinów w XVI stuleciu
Authors: Zbudniewek Janusz
Published: September 2020

Artykuł poświęcony został udziałowi paulinów z Jasnej Góry w procesie wytwarzania książki rękopiśmiennej w XVI w. oraz sposobów jej użytkowana. Początek rodzimej produkcji książki rękopiśmiennej w częstochowskim klasztorze datuje się na rok 1411; jest on związany z działalnością Mikołaja Thosta, który kopiował na użytek członków wspólnoty wykłady Pisma św. Z czasem w jasnogórskim skryptorium powstały liczne wykłady biblijne, mieszane z tematami liturgicznymi, teologicznymi, prawniczymi i historycznymi.

Autor scharakteryzował Kodeks Reguł (zwany „Katenatem”), będący zbiorem przepisów praw paulińskich, które otwiera Reguła św. Augustyna. Poddał analizie jego treść oraz cechy zewnętrzne. Kodeks oprawiono w brunatno-żółtą skórę z przewieszonym łańcuchem świadczącym o tym, że obiekt był przykuty do pulpitu w kapitularzu, z którego odczytywano regularnie kolejne passusy. Szata zewnętrzna kodeksu, zwłaszcza zniszczone okładki i karty, potwierdzają, iż rękopis służył do użytku codziennego. Autor opisał dukt pisma i zdobienia kodeksu, jego twórców (np. kopistę Wacława Żydka).
Biblioteka kościelna w Borku Wielkopolskim
Authors: Rumatowski Piotr
Published: September 2020

W XVII w. na potrzeby lokalnego duchowieństwa przy kościele w Borku Wielkopolskim (obecnie Sanktuarium Matki Boskiej Boreckiej na Zdzieżu) utworzono bibliotekę. Jej założycielem był ks. Feliks Durewicz, pierwszy proboszcz borecki w latach 1606-1646. Przedmiotem badań autora jest ocalała do dziś niewielka część borkowskiego księgozbioru, jeden inkunabuł i 86 starych druków, która przechowywana jest w Archiwum Archidiecezjalnym w Poznaniu. Szczególną wartością zachowanych tomów jest bogactwo materiału proweniencyjnego. Autor szacuje, że za życia Durewicza biblioteka liczyła ponad tysiąc woluminów, w tym inkunabuły. W artykule podjęto próbę odtworzenia dziejów księgozbioru (fragmentarycznie) między innymi na podstawie analizy materiału proweniencyjnego, wymieniono najcenniejsze z zachowanych do dziś kodeksy oraz opisano odręczne proweniencje.
Bibliotek Polska w Rumunii
Authors: Skóra Magdalena
Published: September 2020

W latach 1866-1892 w rumuńskich Michalenach na pograniczu Mołdawii i Bukowiny działała Biblioteka Polska założona przez Juliana Ksawerego Łukaszewskiego, lekarza, działacza społecznego i emigranta po powstaniu styczniowym. W chwili otwarcia książnica liczyła ok. 200 tomów. Po 1892 r. księgozbiór został przekazany na Śląsk. Liczył wówczas ponad 4000 woluminów. Oprócz książek i broszur składało się na niego blisko 100 tytułów czasopism. Łukaszewski był organizatorem gminy Zjednoczenia Emigracji Polskiej i twórcą działającej przy niej biblioteki, a także autorem „Ustawy Biblioteki Polskiej w Rumunii i czytelń obok niej utworzonych”, która zakładała tworzenie filii biblioteki w innych skupiskach polskich. W sumie takie czytelnie w Rumunii, poza Michalenami, działały w dziesięciu ośrodkach. W artykule omówiona została geneza i losy biblioteki, statut, na podstawie którego działała, zbiory i sposoby ich gromadzenia, lokalizacje, korzystanie ze zbiorów, wreszcie kontrowersyjna dla rumuńskiej emigracji decyzja podjęta jednoosobowo przez Łukaszewskiego o przekazaniu książek Górnośląskiemu Towarzystwu Literackiemu z siedzibą w Bytomiu oraz losy księgozbioru na Śląsku.
Mariana Jerzego Toporowskiego (1901-1971) „Księgozbiór Świętokrzyski”
Authors: Stec Elżbieta
Published: September 2020

Artykuł jest wynikiem prac rejestracyjnych autorki nad kolekcją dwudziestowiecznego krytyka literackiego, bibliografa i bibliotekarza, Mariana Toporowskiego. Przedstawiono jego krótki biogram, szczególnie zwracając uwagę na zainteresowanie i silny emocjonalny związek z regionem świętokrzyskim. Wynikiem pasji było opracowanie „Bibliografii świętokrzyskiej”, organizacja wystaw oraz zgromadzenie tzw. „Księgozbioru Świętokrzyskiego”, który w 1952 r. przekazał Wojewódzkiej Bibliotece Publicznej w Kielcach. Księgozbiór był kompletowany głównie w l. 30 XX w. ale także w późniejszych latach, liczy 177 tytułów cennych i często unikatowych opracowań o Ziemi Kieleckiej. Książki wyposażono w exlibris. Autorka skrótowo opisała zawartość treściową kolekcji.
Kodeks Mikołaja Liebenthala
Authors: Kaliszuk Jerzy
Published: September 2020

W artykule pokrótce przedstawiono postać Mikołaja Liebenthala, opiekuna archiwum klasztornego, kopisty i kronikarza oraz wymieniono rękopisy jego autorstwa bądź jemu przypisywane. Główną część poświęcono rękopisowi IV Q 156 ze zbiorów Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej we Wrocławiu, który, jak twierdzi autor, niewątpliwie wyszedł spod ręki Liebenthala. Podano opis kodykologiczny manuskryptu oraz szczegółowo zaprezentowano jego treść. W podsumowaniu autor postuluje zbadanie warsztatu naukowego Mikołaja Liebenthala oraz ustalenie kompletnego zbioru zachowanych rękopisów klasztoru św. Wincentego w celu rozpoznania środowiska naukowego konwentu.
Chłopskie księgozbiory domowe. Kulturowe uwarunkowania tworzących się zbiorówdomowych i pamiątek na terenie gminy Zabłudów od końca XIX wieku
Authors: Leończyk Jan
Published: September 2020

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie rozwoju i potrzeb czytelniczych w środowisku wiejskim w od drugiej połowy XIX w. na przykładzie gminy Zabłudów na Białostocczyźnie. Autor pomimo braków w materiale źródłowym i opracowań poświęconych tej problematyce, podjął próbę opisu zainteresowań czytelniczych chłopów, gromadzenia przez nich druków i wszelkiego rodzaju dokumentów, tworzenia zalążków przyszłych domowych księgozbiorów. Charakteryzuje rolę i funkcję książki w środowisku chłopskim w realiach Imperium Rosyjskiego, jego antypolskiej, rusyfikacyjnej polityki, wysokiego stopnia analfabetyzmu na Białostocczyźnie oraz wieloetniczności gminy Zabłudów. Rozważania Autora dotyczą tej problematyki również w XX w. Przedmiotem jego studiów były biblioteczki domowe, a raczej niewielkie księgozbiory liczące od kilkunastu do kilkudziesięciu książek we wsiach: Zwierki, Protasy, Łubniki, Folwarki Małe, Rafałówka, Krynickie, Halickie i Zajezierce. Obok zachowanych książek w swoich badaniach wykorzystywał pamiętniki chłopskie i przekazy literackie, a także sam zbierał informacje, relacje i wspomnienia chłopów na temat książek, księgozbiorów domowych i ich czytelnictwa. Pozwoliło mu to na zarysowanie problematyki chłopskich bibliotek domowych w Polscei ich recepcji.
Słabo poznana karta z dziejów polskiej działalności wydawniczej. O podręcznikach dla szkół na radzieckiej Litwie
Authors: Marszałek Marek
Published: September 2020

Artykuł przedstawia problem podręczników szkolnych przeznaczonych dla Polaków na Litwie, wydawanych w latach 1951-1981, a opracowywanych przez Redakcję Podręczników w Języku Polskim działającą przy Państwowym Wydawnictwie Literatury Pedagogicznej Litewskiej Socjalistycznej Republiki Radzieckiej. Wobec braku dostępu do dokumentacji przechowywanej w archiwach litewskich, Autor analizuje tę problematykę na podstawie bardzo nielicznych artykułów, notek prasowych, wykazów i sprawozdań wydawniczych oraz samych podręczników. Publikacje te – propagujące poglądy komunistyczne i pozbawione tzw. ducha narodowego – Autor podzielił na opracowania tłumaczone z języka rosyjskiego (podręczniki historii, wiedzy o społeczeństwie, biologii, chemii, matematyki, fizyki, geografii, języka rosyjskiego) oraz mniej liczne podręczniki tłumaczone z języka litewskiego (historii, biologii, matematyki, geografii, języka litewskiego). W sumie redakcja wydała w ciągu trzydziestu lat działalności 1467 tytułów podręczników o łącznym nakładzie ponad 4,1 mln egzemplarzy. Zdaniem Autora zbadanie tej produkcji (także autorów, współpracowników, treści, języka podręczników) wymaga jeszcze pogłębionych studiów.
VETERANSKE ORGANIZACIJE – ALI JIH SPLOH POTREBUJEMO?
Authors: BROŽIČ LILIANA
Published: September 2020

When discussing veterans and veteran organisations, one usually first thinks of the past. We first think of different wars and their consequences. We think of all those who participated in those wars and were lucky enough to stay well and unharmed. And we think of all those who came out with different issues, be it physical or emotional; however there are even more of those who have had to deal with both.

Although we are today very lucky and the wars on the flanks of the European Union are mainly the subject of historical discussions, we in the Editorial Board of the Contemporary Military Challenges decided to dedicate one of the thematic issues to veteran organisations and their role in the modern society.

Military veterans form a constituent part of Slovenian, broad European and global society. They are identified according to different wars and individual armed conflicts. In different settings, they are treated and organised in very various ways; even their impacts on the formation of the modern society vary. Still, to some of them, nothing of this applies, because they fought on the wrong side. However, the wrong side no longer represents a problem everywhere, as it used to be the case, since the perceptions of conflict from the past have been transformed into fruitful cooperation for the future.

The question of veteran organisations or the question whether or not they are even needed, thus remains a rhetorical one, especially considering the emergence of new veteran organisations comprising veterans of different international operations and missions, even in the countries, which otherwise do not even have other (war) veterans.

The thematic issue in front of you was prepared in cooperation with Vladimir Prebilič as guest editor and some of the participants of the international panel discussion held in Ljubljana last summer.
FROM FOE TO FRIEND? VETERANS AS A DRIVING FORCE OF INTERNATIONAL RECONCILIATION AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR
Authors: Echternkamp Jörg
Published: September 2020

Povzetek
V 50. letih so veterani druge svetovne vojne postali pionirji mednarodne sprave. V članku so z osredotočanjem na nemške in francoske vojake analizirane okoliščine, pojavitev in funkcije tega procesa v kontekstu zunanje in notranje politike Zahodne Nemčije. Postavljena je teza, da so organizirani vojni veterani sprejeli vzorce razlage in argumentiranja povojne družbe v Zahodni Nemčiji ter jih prilagodili svojemu konceptu zgodovine, da bi pridobili zgodovinsko samozavest. Predvsem pa so svoje mednarodno delovanje predstavljali kot evropsko pobudo o dogovoru. V nasprotju z 20. in 30. leti prejšnjega stoletja so bila prizadevanja nemških vojaških veteranov v 50. letih skladna z vladno politiko. Na temelju pluralističnega kulturno-zgodovinskega ozadja so veterani vzpostavili stike na lokalni, območni in regionalni ravni v procesu, ki ga lahko poimenujemo sprava.

Ključne besede: veterani, sprava, 50. leta, Nemčija, Francija.

Abstract
In the 1950s, World War II veterans became pioneers of international reconciliation. Focusing on former German and French soldiers, this article analyses the conditions, manifestations, and functions of this process within the context of West Germany’s foreign and domestic policies. The thesis is that organised war veterans accepted the patterns of interpretation and argumentation of post-war West German society, and adapted them to their concept of history for the purpose of gaining historical self-assurance. Most of all, they presented their international activity as a European initiative for a better understanding between nations. In contrast to the 1920s and 1930s, the efforts of German war veterans in the 1950s were in accordance with the policy of the government. Against the backdrop of a pluralistic cultural-historical background, the veterans established contacts at the local, district and regional levels in a process that can be called reconciliation.

Key words
Veterans - Reconciliation - 1950s - Germany - France.
Suomalainen kasvatussosiologi : nyt!
Authors: Silvennoinen Heikki
Published: September 2020

Kasvatussosiologiaa etsimässä : työelämäkerta / Ari Antikainen. [Tampere], 2011.
Opetusalan ammattilaisten heimoutunut työkulttuuri
Authors: Mäki Kimmo
Published: September 2020

Kimmo Mäki (2012). Opetustyön ammattilaiset ja mosaiikin mestarit. Työkulttuurit ammattikorkeakouluopettajan toiminnan kontekstina. Jyväskylän yliopisto. Jyväskylä Studies in Business and Economics 109.
Kansainvälinen aikuistutkimus arvioi väestön perustaitoja
Authors: Malin Antero
Published: September 2020

Investointi lukutaitoon hyödyttää paitsi yksittäisiä henkilöitä elämänlaadun ja ansiotason paranemisena, myös koko yhteiskuntaa terveydenhuollon, rikollisuuden ja sosiaaliturvan kustannusten vähenemisenä. Lukutaidon ohessa numerotaitoa ja ongelmaratkaisutaitoa voidaan pitää jopa perustavanlaatuisena ihmisoikeutena. Uusi kansainvälinen aikuistutkimus pyrkii mittaamaan näitä taitoja moniulotteisesti.
Eväitä kasvatustieteen kriittiseen itseymmärrykseen
Authors: Jauhiainen Arto
Published: September 2020

Kasvatustieteen tiedontahto : kriittisen historian näkökulmia suomalaiseen kasvatuksen tutkimukseen / Antti Saari. [Turku], 2011.
Mosaiikkinen kuva aikuiskasvatuksesta demokratian ja tasa-arvon takomona
Authors: Pasanen Heikki
Published: September 2020

Aikuiskasvatus ja demokratian haaste / Risto Rinne & Arto Jauhiainen (toim.). Helsinki : Kansanvalistusseura, 2011.
Üniversite Gençliğinin Kurumsal ve Öznel Dindarlığa Bakışı ve Etkileyen Faktörler Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma
Authors: MEYDAN Hasan , AYDIN Sare
Published: September 2020

En basit haliyle din insan ile tanrı arasında kurulan bağı, dindarlık ise bu bağın bireysel ve toplumsal hayattaki yansımalarını ifade etmektedir. İlahi kaynağa ait olması yönüyle din değişmez olsa da birey tarafından yaşanan öznel bir tecrübe olarak dindarlık pek çok faktöre bağlı olarak değişik biçimlerde tezahür edebilmektedir. Nitekim modernizm ile birlikte dindarlıkta yaşanan değişimlere ilişkin pek çok kavramsallaştırma yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada modern dindarlık kavramsallaştırmalarından kurumsal ve öznel dindarlık inceleme konusu yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı üniversite gençlerinin kurumsal ve öznel dindarlığa bakışını ve bu bakışı etkileyen faktörleri belirlemektir. Araştırmanın veri toplama ve analiz süreçleri nitel modelde yapılandırılmıştır. Veri toplamada yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat, veri analizinde ise içerik analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Mülakatlar 17 Ocak-1 Mart 2020 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, 2019-2020 eğitim-öğretim yılında Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi’nin 21 farklı bölümünde öğrenim gören 19-25 yaş arası 30 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada kullanılan yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat formu literatüre dayalı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilmiştir. Araştırma öncesinde Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi İnsan Araştırmaları Etik Kurulu’ndan izin alınmıştır. Katılımcıların belirlenmesinde maksimum çeşitlilik örneklemesi kullanılmış ve görüşmeler gönüllü katılımcılarla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçları gençlerde kendilerini öznel dini anlayışla tanımlama eğiliminin güçlü olduğunu, bu eğilimin oluşmasında dini kurum ve din görevlisi imajı ile üniversite çevresinin etkili bir faktör olarak değerlendirilebileceğini göstermektedir.
Korelasi Kemandirian Belajar Dan Kemampuan Reporting Terhadap Nilai Ujian Akhir Blok Mahasiswa Pendidikan Dokter Fakultas Kedokteran
Authors: Prakasa Gagas , Anisa Rizki , Sulistyowati Erna
Published: September 2020

Pendahuluan: Problem Based Learning (PBL) merupakan metode pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan oleh Fakultas Kedokteran di Indonesia. Pelaksanaan PBL salah satunya dengan melakukan tutorial seven jump diantaranya self directed learning dan reporting. Dua langkah ini berpengaruh pada prestasi mahasiswa Sarjana Kedokteran. Keberhasilan pelaksanaan PBL dapat diukur melalui penilaian ujian akhir blok (UAB). Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara kemandirian belajar dan kemampuan reporting terhadap nilai UAB mahasiswa Sarjana Kedokteran.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi cross sectional yang pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas darı reliabilitasnya. Responden merupakan mahasiswa Sarjana Kedokteran tingkat pertama, kedua dan ketiga sejumlah 490 mahasiswa. Analisis korelasi kemandirian belajar dan kemampuan reporting menggunakan uji Spearman, sedangkan analisis factor yang paling berpengaruh antara kemandirian belajar dan kemampuan reporting menggunakan uji regresi linear.Hasil: Terdapat korelasi yang lemah antara kemandirian belajar dan kemampuan reporting terhadap nilai UAB. Hasil analisis regresi linear didapatkan hasil kemandirian belajar yaitu p value 0,079 dan kemampuan reporting dengan p value 0,000.Kesimpulan: Kemandirian belajar dan kemampuan reporting berkorelasi terhadap nilai UAB dan faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap nilai UAB yaitu kemampuan reporting