bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mulheres, raça e partidos no Brasil: análise da sub-representação das candidaturas identitárias nas eleições 2018
Authors: Tabares Camila de Vasconcelos , Conceição Bruno da Silva , Marques Rodolfo Silva
Published: February 2025

O presente trabalho procura examinar a sub-representação política de candidatos com os vieses de raça e gênero nas eleições parlamentares e majoritárias de 2018 no Brasil. Há décadas predominam candidatos brancos e homens no poder. A pesquisa busca respostas para duas grandes interrogações: em que medida as minorias identitárias encontraram espaço em candidaturas e entre os eleitos nas eleições de 2018? Sob que condições minorias identitárias podem tornar-se mais bem representadas e o que impede o aumento dessa representação nas instituições políticas? Para avaliar os entraves de representatividade de gênero e de raça nos postos de poder e a capacidade das minorias de consolidar sua representação política, dialoga-se com a literatura sobre representação e com os dados socioeconômicos e eleitorais disponíveis no Tribunal Superior Eleitoral e no Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Os resultados mostram que mulheres e negros continuam ocupando menos postos de poder
Sub-representação política de mulheres: reflexões a respeito das eleições à vereança no Recôncavo da Bahia
Authors: Ferreira Maria Inês Caetano
Published: February 2025

O artigo apresenta resultados de pesquisa sobre a participação de mulheres nas eleições para vereança no Recôncavo baiano, com o objetivo de compreender o fenômeno da sub-representação feminina na política. A literatura feminista que debate a desigualdade de gênero fundamentou a pesquisa. A metodologia adotada foi a análise de estatísticas eleitorais do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral, e as informações sobre candidatos foram sistematizadas de modo a distribuí-los em três grupos: menos votados, intermediários e mais votados. Os resultados revelam que as candidaturas masculinas se concentram no grupo intermediário, ao passo que as femininas estão no grupo dos menos votados, ratificando a sua sub-representação. No grupo dos mais votados destacam-se os homens. Na direção do debate teórico, os resultados indicam que a lei de cotas não favorece a vitória de candidaturas femininas e estimula o registro de candidaturas não engajadas na política. Em suma, os principais obstáculos à representação permanecem em vigor
A necessária proteção jurídica aos trabalhadores que exercem trabalho penoso no corte manual da cana-de-açúcar
Authors: Franco Dulcely Silva , Leal Carla Reita Faria
Published: February 2025

O artigo analisa a situação dos trabalhadores que exercem trabalho penoso no corte manual da cana-de-açúcar, com o objetivo de demonstrar a necessidade de sua proteção jurídica, a qual não tem sido objeto de efetiva preocupação do Legislativo. Utilizando-se do método dedutivo e das técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, apresentam-se as bases teóricas da centralidade do trabalho humano; descreve-se o processo de trabalho do corte manual da cana, identificando os riscos e os possíveis danos desse labor aos rurícolas; analisam-se a doutrina, a jurisprudência e propostas legislativas relativas à proteção dos que realizam trabalho penoso, destacadamente o exercido pelos cortadores de cana-de-açúcar. Conclui-se pela existência de balizas doutrinárias e jurisprudenciais robustas o suficiente para inspirar legislação que regulamente o exercício do trabalho penoso e que contemple a proteção à vida, à saúde, ao bem-estar e à dignidade dos cortadores manuais da cana-de-açúcar
Perspectivas sociojurídicas do poder de polícia sanitário e emergência de saúde pública: vulnerabilidades e o enfoque dos direitos humanos
Authors: Ohlweiler Leonel Pires
Published: February 2025

O presente artigo examina o tema do poder de polícia sanitário, sob a perspectiva sociojurídica e com o enfoque dos direitos humanos. A metodologia aplicada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica, bem como a análise de decisões judiciais. Destaca a necessidade de refletir sobre a história social do poder de polícia, a fim de desconstruir os modelos de compreensão burocrática fincados em bases autoritárias e formalistas, que remetem para as conexões patrimonialistas entre saneamento e política, e desconsideram as desigualdades e o contexto de uma sociedade de formação escravocrata. Com base em casos judicializados sobre as medidas sanitárias previstas na Lei nº 13.979/2020, investiga a necessária dimensão sociojurídica do poder de polícia para alcançar cidadãos em situação de vulnerabilidade. Conclui que o enfoque dos direitos humanos contribui para dotar de maior efetividade o conjunto de ações públicas desenvolvidas durante a emergência de saúde pública causada pela pandemia da Covid-19
Tax regressivity as indirect discrimination: an analysis of the Brazilian tax system in light of the principle of non-discrimination
Authors: Feital Thiago Álvares
Published: February 2025

The link between taxation and human rights is complex. Without revenue, States cannot meet their human rights obligations. Human rights treaties, simultaneously, limit the range of permissible tax policies. In this context, is it possible to apply the principle of non-discrimination when analysing a tax system compliance with human rights? Is there any connection between tax regressivity and discrimination? This paper addresses these questions in the United Nations Human Rights System. Presenting the Brazilian case as an example, we investigate the relationship between taxation and the principle of non-discrimination. The analysis of the structure and effects of Brazilian tax legislation allows us to conclude that it has a disproportionate impact on the poorest. This shows a failure to comply with the principle of non-discrimination
Discuss Possible Causes and Steps that should be Taken to Avoid False-Negative Cytology. A Case of Grade 3 Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the Cervix Associated with HPV
Authors: Katshi Cedric Kabulo , Bokongo Didier Shamba M , Manjolo Chiambo Tiago de Jesus , Marie Jeanne KapitaIzana
Published: February 2025

We recently encountered a case with TCT-negative cytology and extensive CIN3 on histological biopsy. We review the initial cytology and discuss possible causes and measures to avoid false-negative cytology leading to unfavourable results.
Exposure-Response Analysis of Cenobamate
Authors: Jonsson Fredrik , Laramy Janice , Vashi Vijay
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Cenobamate is a small molecule approved and marketed for focal seizures (partial-onset seizures, POS) in several countries under the brand name of Xcopri® or Ontozry®. The aim of this analysis was to develop an exposure-response (ER) model to describe the relationship between cenobamate exposure and efficacy based on data obtained in adult POS patients. This model was subsequently used to simulate seizure reduction that supported the selected (approved) dosing regimen. Methods: Data were pooled from two efficacy clinical studies, YKP3089C013 and YKP3089C017. These studies included data from patients with POS treated with cenobamate at maintenance doses ranging from 100-400 mg/day. A previously developed population pharmacokinetic model (Jonsson et al, 2024) was used to derive the estimated daily cenobamate exposure. A population pharmacodynamic model was optimized and implemented, using nonlinear mixed-effects methods while treating the seizure data as count data. Different distributions were considered to describe the count data and different models to characterize the relationship between daily cenobamate exposure and seizure frequency. The final model was qualified by standard numerical goodness-of-fit checks, including visual predictive check. The analyses were conducted using NONMEM (version 7.4) and R (version 3.5.2).Results: The analysis dataset included 104,037 daily records including 59,645 seizures among 665 subjects, over a cenobamate dose range from 100-400 mg/day. The seizure count data were best described using a generalized Poisson distribution, and a power relationship between area under the concentration-time curves (AUCs) and seizure responses, in order to describe the ER relationship. Inter-individual variability was estimated for overall seizure frequency parameter lambda (90.4% coefficient of variation [CV]), dispersion parameter delta (354% CV), and for the AUC-dependent cenobamate response (83.5% CV). Goodness-of-fit and simulation-based diagnostics indicated that the final model described the data well. The model was used to simulate the expected seizure count and fraction of subjects with >50% reduction in seizure frequency, as responses at doses up to 400 mg/day, while assuming a patient population similar to that enrolled in the two efficacy clinical studies. The dose-response curve was nonlinear in the simulated 100-400 mg/day dose range, with a simulated fraction of subjects with more than 50% reduction in seizure frequency of 0.42 at 100 mg/day, 0.52 at 200 mg/day, and 0.60 at 400 mg/day. The expected proportion of seizure-free subjects was 0.13 at 100 mg/day during the maintenance phase, 0.20 at 200 mg/day, and 0.28 at 400 mg/day, respectively.Conclusion: These results support the cenobamate maintenance dosing regimen of 100-400 mg/day in adult patients with POS.Supported by: SK Life Science, Inc.Citations: Jonsson F, et al. [Manuscript under preparation].
A mechanistic QSP model of CRS allows for quantitative assessment of dose priming of CD3 bispecific antibody (BsAb) therapeutics.
Authors: Link Kathryn , Bompiani-Myers Kristin , Elmeliegy Mohamed , Josic Maria , Musante Cynthia , Shtylla Blerta , Poels Kamrine
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a systemic inflammatory response that occurs after the administration of T cell engaging therapies such as bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) and results in elevated circulating cytokine levels and in some rare cases secondary organ dysfunction1. To decrease risk and severity, current management strategies involve step-up dosing and premedication. A quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) model of CRS could streamline the development of innovative medicines by assessing different dose priming strategies and dose regimens.      Methods: We developed a mechanistic QSP model capturing bispecific-receptor binding dynamics and cytokine release for multiple BsAbs4-5. The model was calibrated with in vitro cell assays2-3, mouse PK-PD studies2, and non-human primate (NHP) PK-PD studies. Global sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate model robustness and key drivers for preclinical to clinical translation.   Results: The calibrated model reproduces two salient behaviors: i) a dose priming effect on cytokine release yielding cytokine peak reduction and ii) systemic cytokine rebound induced by extension of the interval between doses. A global sensitivity analysis (GSA) identified key model features driving the dose priming effect.    Conclusions: Our CRS QSP model captures key cytokine dynamics observed from in vitro and in vivo studies of BsAb therapeutic interventions. The model can support future drug development by informing questions such as the selection of optimal dosing regimens that minimize potential CRS risk for pivotal clinical trials.    Citations: [1] Shimabukuro-Vornhagen A, et al. J Immunother Cancer. (2018);6(1):56.  [2] Li J, et al. Sci Transl Med. (2019);11(508)  [3] Leclercq G, et al OncoImmunology. (2022);11(1):2039432  [4] Chen X, et al. Clin Tranl Sci (2019);12, 600-608.  [5] Trendel N, et al. Sci Signaling (2021) 14 (666).
K-PD model of Plozasiran in Patients with Severe Hypertriglyceridemia
Authors: Jomphe Claudia , Shi Jack , Gosselin Nathalie
Published: February 2025

Background: Apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3), a component of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL), inhibits metabolism of TRLs through both inhibition of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and reduced liver uptake of TRL remnants. Plozasiran (ARO-APOC3) is a GalNAc-siRNA designed to degrade hepatic APOC3 mRNA transcripts and reduce the production of APOC3 protein with expected reductions in serum triglycerides (TG) and TRL. In a Phase 2b clinical study conducted in 219 patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia (SHTG; TG > 500 mg/dL), plozasiran doses of 10, 25 and 50 mg administered subcutaneously on Day 1 and Week 12 during the double-blind period and subsequent Q12W dosing in the extension portion, demonstrated deep, dose-dependent and long-lasting reductions of serum TG with acceptable safety profiles, supporting the initiation of pivotal Phase 3 studies with plozasiran in patients with SHTG.Methods: Due to the major disconnect between plozasiran’s relatively short plasma exposures and its prolonged pharmacodynamic (PD) effects, its PD effects were best described by a kinetic-pharmacodynamic (K-PD) model. Potential impact of intrinsic and extrinsic factors was evaluated using standard covariate search techniques involving forward addition and backward elimination adjudicated by pre-specified statistical criteria. Model-based simulations were conducted to support selecting a Phase 3 dose regimen.Results: Reductions in APOC3 and TG from the treatment with plozasiran were well described by a two-step, cascading, indirect-response population K-PD model, in which plozasiran, in the effect compartment (liver), inhibits APOC3 biosynthesis, and in turn, increases the rate of elimination of TG and thereby lowers its level in serum. Hepatic plozasiran is eliminated with an estimated t1/2 of 70 days in the SHTG patient population, which helps explain its long PD action. The estimated IC50 dose of plozasiran was 3.3 mg, suggesting a high on-target pharmacological potency via the efficient RNAi mechanism of action. There were no factors either intrinsic (e.g., patient’s demographic profiles or baseline values of relevant biomarkers) or extrinsic factors(e.g., concomitant statin use) identified as statistically significant to influence these PD effects of plozasiran. Simulations projected modest peak-to-trough fluctuations with quarterly (Q3M) dosing with similar time-averaged TG reductions over a dosing cycle between 25 mg (81%) and 50 mg (86%) doses, suggesting that 25 mg Q3M is a near PD saturating dose.Conclusion: Modeling results support choosing 25 mg Q3M as a dose to be studied in the Phase 3 trials for SHTG treatment. Dose adjustment is not required for patients with different demographic characteristics, baseline TG levels, or concomitant lipid lowering therapies.Citations: No citation
The Impact of Social Media Addiction on Teenage Depression: A Correlational Study
Authors: Muhammad Ali  , Rizwan Ullah  , Uzair Khan  , Kiran Rafique  , Obaidullah  , Safia Murad
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Teenagers' lives revolve around social media, with platforms like Instagram, Snapchat, and TikTok shaping how they express and understand themselves. While offering connectivity, social media can negatively affect mental health, particularly causing depression. Motivation: This study explores the link between excessive social media use and depressive symptoms in teenagers, focusing on how engagement patterns contribute to emotional distress. Purpose: The study assessed social media use and depressive symptoms using surveys and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to analyze the correlation between depression and social media addiction. Results: This study demonstrates concerning relationship between high social media engagement and negative emotional outcomes. Many participants also struggled to control their use of social media and were anxious, restless and experienced emotional distress when they couldn’t access it. For example, compulsive behaviors such as frequent social media checking, disrupted daily routines including sleep, academics, and interpersonal relationships. On the contrary, many participants showed depressive symptoms such as sadness, guilt, hopelessness, and lack of enthusiasm for activities. Discussion: The findings of this study underscore the impact of excessive social media use on mental health, suggesting that social media addiction may contribute to or exacerbate depressive symptoms. The results emphasize the need for promoting healthier digital habits and encouraging individuals to seek professional support when experiencing severe emotional distress related to social media use. Developing strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of excessive social media engagement and raise awareness of its mental health risks is essential for protecting teenagers' well-being in the digital age.
Frequency of Anxiety & Depression after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention among Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Using Hamilton Rating Scale
Authors: Sumaira Fareed Khan  , Neelum Anees  , Muhammad Younis  , Shaheer Khan Muhammad  , Shitba Naeem  , Rajesh Khumar
Published: February 2025

Objective: to determine frequency of depression and anxiety after primary percutaneous coronary intervention among patients with acute mayocardial infarction using Hamilton rating scale. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in outpatients’ clinics of interventional cardiology in National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan from 1st January 2024 to 30th July 2024. The study enrolled patients underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention within our hospital premises. Anxiety and depression were evaluated based on Rating Scale for Anxiety will be used to evaluate depression (HAMA-14) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17) respectively. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 27. Results: A total of 300 patients were studied with with mean age of 56.4 ± 11.4 years. age range of patients was 28-90 years. About two-third patients were males (64%). About half were belonging to urban area (51%). majority of them had comorbidity of hypertension (88.7%) and diabetes (53.7%). Depression was seen in approximately one-third patients (33.7%) whereas anxiety was found in nearly one-fifth of patients (20.7%). Conclusion: The present study found that burden of depression and anxiety was higher substantial after PCI in MI patients. Integration of mental health assessment and treatment among patients with CAD as soon as after PCI is recommended for optimal and effective treatment.
Beyond Glucose: Empagliflozin’s Impact on Fatty Liver in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes; A True Game Changer
Authors: Qamar Sajad  , Khurshid Ahmad Khan  , Aijaz Zeeshan Khan  , Danish Khan  , Javeid Iqbal  , Muhammad Ibrar Mustafa
Published: February 2025

Background: Type 2 Diabetes develops in adulthood, and is caused due to failure of pancreatic B-cells to secrete insulin, gradually causing desensitization of B-cells to glucose, leading to insulin resistance1-5. According to American Diabetes Association, due to the chronicity of this disease, long-term complications arise which mostly occur due to hyperglycemia causing microvascular and macrovascular damage6. This brings about significant damage to the heart, eyes(retinopathy), kidneys (chronic kidney disease) and nerves(neuropathy).5 Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is defined inclusively as presence of fatty liver disease associated with presence of obesity or Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objectives: To determine the efficacy of Empagliflozin on liver fat content in type 2 diabetics and metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease. Methodology: In this Observational study, 200 patients were enrolled via Non-Probability Convenient sampling. It was conducted at Department of Endocrinology Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore from 12th October 2024 to 11 January 2025. Results: There were total of 200 patients who were enrolled and 114(57%) were males and 86(43%) patients were female. The mean age of the participant was 44.6±6 years. Empagliflozin led to a significant 12.07%± 2.86% reduction on USG. Empagliflozin after three months showed a significant ALT reduction to 28 IU/L from 38 IU/L, showing remarkable results. (p-value <0.0001) whereas looking at HbA1c, Empagliflozin significantly reduced HbA1c by 1.6% ±0.38. (p-value <0.0001) Empagliflozin showed significant improvement in MALD reduction, ALT levels, and HbA1c as compared to the findings noted on first visit and when they were being enrolled for the study. Conclusion: Empagliflozin drastically reduced the alanine transaminase (ALT) levels along with and liver fat and reduction in glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c), all are beneficial for the patients having diabetes, which can in turn prevent the further complications related to diabetes.
ASSESSING CRITICAL CARE NURSES KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS END-OF-LIFE CARE
Authors: Jamil Suriya , Ullah Muhammad Saif , Mukhtar Madiha , Ahmed Sheharyar
Published: February 2025

Background: End-of-life care is a fundamental aspect of critical care nursing, requiring a comprehensive understanding of symptom management, patient-centered decision-making, and emotional support for both patients and their families. Intensive care unit (ICU) nurses play a pivotal role in ensuring dignity and comfort for terminally ill patients who no longer respond to curative treatments. Adequate knowledge and a positive attitude toward end-of-life care are essential for delivering compassionate and effective care. Understanding nurses' perspectives in this context is crucial to identifying gaps and areas for improvement.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of critical care nurses toward end-of-life care in intensive care settings.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 36 ICU nurses assigned to the Surgical ICU (SICU), Medical ICU (MICU), Neonatal ICU (NICU), and Cardiac Care Unit (CCU) at the University of Lahore Teaching Hospital. A structured, pre-validated questionnaire was used to assess knowledge and attitudes. Knowledge was measured using a 10-item questionnaire with binary scoring (correct/incorrect), while attitude was assessed using a 15-item Likert scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0, with descriptive statistics summarizing key findings.
Results: Among the participants, 66.7% demonstrated good knowledge (>75% score), 30.6% had average knowledge (60%-75% score), and 2.8% had poor knowledge (<60% score). Regarding attitudes, 80.6% exhibited a positive attitude (≥50% score), while 19.4% had a negative attitude (<50% score). Despite a generally favorable outlook, gaps in specific areas of knowledge and confidence in communication with terminal patients were observed.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that most critical care nurses possess adequate knowledge and maintain a positive attitude toward end-of-life care. However, the presence of knowledge gaps among a minority of participants underscores the need for targeted educational initiatives and continuous professional development to enhance competency and ensure high-quality palliative care in ICU settings.
EXPLORING THE MULTIFACETED POTENTIAL OF SURFACTIN: A BIOSURFACTANT FOR HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Authors: Siddiqui Sarah Khalil , Siddiqui Komal
Published: February 2025

Background: Surfactin, a cyclic lipopeptide biosurfactant produced by Bacillus subtilis, has gained considerable interest due to its potent antimicrobial, antiviral, and biodegradation properties. As an amphiphilic compound, it disrupts microbial membranes, enhances pollutant biodegradation, and exhibits selective cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. Its superior biodegradability and reduced environmental toxicity make it a promising alternative to synthetic surfactants. However, challenges related to cytotoxicity, scalability, and comprehensive safety profiling necessitate further investigation to enable its clinical and industrial applications.
Objective: This study evaluates the cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and antiviral properties of surfactin while assessing its biodegradation potential. Correlations between surfactin concentration and biological effects were analyzed to determine its therapeutic viability and environmental impact.
Methods: Surfactin was produced using optimized fermentation conditions and characterized via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry. Cytotoxicity was assessed using MTT assays on HEK293 cells, while antimicrobial efficacy was evaluated through zone-of-inhibition assays against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Antiviral activity was quantified using viral plaque reduction assays on Herpes Simplex Virus. Biodegradation rates were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Statistical analyses, including correlation and ANOVA tests, were performed using SPSS v26, with significance set at p < 0.05.
Results: Surfactin exhibited strong antimicrobial activity, with inhibition zones of 21.5 mm against E. coli and 18.3 mm against S. aureus. Antiviral efficacy peaked at 97.3% viral load reduction at 100 µg/mL. A significant correlation was observed between surfactin concentration and biological effects (r > 0.998, p < 0.0002). Biodegradation rates exceeded 89% at all tested concentrations, with the highest rate recorded at 50 µg/mL (93.6%). Cytotoxicity increased in a dose-dependent manner, reaching 64.6% at 100 µg/mL.
Conclusion: Surfactin demonstrates promising bioactivity in health and environmental biotechnology, with strong antimicrobial and antiviral properties and high biodegradability. However, cytotoxic effects at elevated concentrations and scalability challenges require further research. Future studies should focus on optimizing formulation strategies, conducting in vivo safety assessments, and improving large-scale production methods to facilitate clinical and industrial applications.
Students’ cognitive engagement through educard in learning vocabulary
Authors: Hernawati Hernawati , Ahmad Yousef Bani , Saefullah Hilmansyah
Published: February 2025

This study was investigating the students’ cognitive engagement in learning vocabulary through Educard media. The objectives of this study were to find out the way Educard facilitates the students’ cognitive engagement in learning vocabulary through Educard and students’ responses. The participants of this research are five students of eighth grade in one of junior high school. This study used a qualitative approach. The data were collected through interviews with five students of eighth grade and documentation. The research result showed that the students are facilitated by using Educard as learning media to learn vocabulary and engage them cognitively. The students experience many kinds of cognitive engagement while using Educard to learn English vocabulary including self-regulated learning, resource management, recipients, and task focus. Moreover, Educard builds them cognitive activities in learning vocabulary.
The analysis of illocutionary act in “big four movie”
Authors: Latuapo Muhammad Ridho , Sahayu Wening
Published: February 2025

Speech acts are a part of pragmatic science that examines the meaning expressed by the speaker and involves the listener. A speech act is a statement or utterance that has the effect of action and social impact. This study aims to identify the illocutionary act performed in “Big Four” movie This research used descriptive qualitative study which reveals the data collection on the film transcript through the character’s dialogue in the film. The result of the study will be discussed are: first, the function of illocutionary act in the movie are: representative act is used to inform, prohibition, assert and claim while directive act is used to ask, warning, command, request, and suggest. Then expressive is used to thank, greeting, apologize, compliment, and commissive act is used to promise, refuse, and plan. The last, the types of illocutionary act which is frequently used by the characters in the movie is directive act.
Language variation of sticker usage among students on whatsapp
Authors: Hasyim Hesty , Gusnawaty Gusnawaty , Said Ikhwan M.
Published: February 2025

In the era of digital communication, WhatsApp stickers have become a commonly used tool for conveying subtle expressions. This study investigates language variations in WhatsApp stickers among students. This qualitative research focuses on linguistic features in WhatsApp stickers used by students. Data were obtained from linguistic student groups, particularly those in the first and second semesters of 2023. Findings reveal diverse language variations across lexical, grammatical, orthographic, code-switching, and semantic features. The stickers showcase non-formal language, emphasizing innovative linguistic strategies and a high level of language proficiency. The use of stickers is characterized by interactive communication within WhatsApp groups, offering a visual alternative on small smartphone screens. In addition to serving as a form of self-expression, stickers also play a strategic role in fostering emotional connections and achieving specific communicative goals.
(Il)legal Bodies: Activism, Climate Fictions, Climate Culling
Authors: Hay Jonathan
Published: February 2025

When the non-violent environmental protest group Extinction Rebellion (XR) was created in late 2018, I was completing a Masters in Research in Science Fiction Literature. Although initially nervous, I understood the urgent need to non-violently protest the lack of governmental action on the climate and ecological crisis (as it has since become known). In November 2018, I took a copy of Jeanette Winterson’s The Stone Gods with me to London, where I was joined by thousands of fellow activists on the streets around the Houses of Parliament and Downing Street, many dressed as animals, with banners and flags protesting the sixth mass extinction and ongoing anthropogenic climate-related genocides across the globe.
Single-stage carburization of titanium and vanadium group metals
Authors: Rogova Alena Nikolaevna , Kochanov German P , Kovalev Ivan Alexandrovich , Shokod’ko Alexander V , Chernyavskii Andrey S , Solntsev Konstantin Aleksandrovich
Published: February 2025

The synthesis of compact carbides of refractory titanium and vanadium group metals proceeds in accordance with the phase diagram and is a single-stage polythermal process. The reaction of metal with carbon begins below the melting point of a metal and continues in the melt, held in volume by a layer of refractory carbide. The carburization process is defined by the partial diffusion of metal and carbon over long distances.
Synthesis and spectral characteristics of halogen-substituted meso-carboxypropyl-BODIPYs as effective photosensitizers
Authors: Eremeeva Yulya V. , Guseva Galina Borisovna , Antina Elena Vladimirovna
Published: February 2025

New luminophores, diiodo- and dibromo-substituted meso-BODIPY carboxylic acids, were synthesized. The compounds efficiently generate singlet oxygen and possess high affinity for hydrophilic biospheres, suggesting the dyes as potential photosensitizers for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy.
Promising route to aryl(polyfluoroorganyl)borates: aryltris(pentafluorophenyl)borates
Authors: Bochanov Aleksandr V , Prikhod’ko Sergey Alexandrovich , Bardin Vadim Victorovich , Adonin Nicolay Yur'evich
Published: February 2025

Simple preparation of potassium aryltris(pentafluoro-phenyl)borates by nucleophilic perfluoroarylation of potassium aryltrifluoroborates with C6F5MgBr is offered.
Late-stage N-functionalization of diazo NH-heterocycles: the Mitsunobu reaction vs. alkylation with alkyl halides
Authors: Guranova Natalia Igorevna , Kantin Grigoriy Pavlovich , Bakulina Olga Yurievna , Yanovich Alexander Denisovich , Dar’in Dmitry Viktorovich
Published: February 2025

Selective N-alkylation of various diazo NH-heterocycles with preserving the diazo function was performed either by classical alkylation with alkyl halides or by the Mitsunobu reaction with alcohols. The substrate variety involved diazo-substituted homophthalimide, arylidenesuccinimides, (thio)barbituric acids, and pyrazolones. This is the first time the Mitsunobu reaction has been applied for the functionalization of diazo carbonyl compounds.
Synthesis, structure and antimicrobial activity of dialkyl [(hydroxy)(4-nitrophenyl)methyl]phosphonates
Authors: Davletshin Rustam Rifkhatovich , Sedov Andrey N. , Shulaeva Marina P. , Ivshin Kamil A. , Davletshina Natal'ya Victorovna , Gerasimov Alexander V , Kuryntseva Polina A , Mosunova Sofia V.
Published: February 2025

New dialkyl [(hydroxy)(4-nitrophenyl)methyl]phosphonates containing various alkyl substituents were obtained from 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and the corresponding dialkyl phosphites and demonstrated antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacterial strains B. cereus and S. aureus and antifungal activity against Candida albicans fungi. The dependence of antimicrobial activity on the nature of the substituents at the carbon atom a to phosphorus has been established.
Catalytic conversion of fatty acid methyl esters over bimetallic Pt--Cu catalyst based on copper phyllosilicate
Authors: Zhuravleva Victoria Sergeevna , Shesterkina Anastasiya Alekseevna , Strekalova Anna A , Smirnova Ekaterina M , Vikanova Kseniia Vladimirovna , Dunaev Sergey Fedorovich , Kustov Aleksandr Leonidovich
Published: February 2025

The catalytic properties of bimetallic Pt--Cu catalyst based on SiO2 support were explored in the selective hydrogenation of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). The synthesized catalysts were investigated by XRD, TEM-EDX and TPR-H2 methods. The best catalytic properties were achieved over 1Pt/10Cu-PhySi catalyst at temperature 240 °C and H2 pressure of 2.5 MPa.
Innovative cyclohexanone synthesis via transfer hydrogenation of phenol and cyclohexanol
Authors: Philippov Alexey Alexandrovich , Nesterov Nikolay Sergeevich , Pakharukova Vera P , Martyanov Oleg N
Published: February 2025

Novel and promising approach for cyclohexanone synthesis via the comproportionation reaction of cyclohexanol and phenol over conventional Raney nickel and Ni/Al2O3 was examined for the first time. Ni/Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by coprecipitation in supercritical CO2.
Novel 3-aroyl-5-arylidene-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-diones: synthesis and antitumor activity
Authors: Zhang Xia , Fan Pingping , Wei Shigui , Du Yonghong , Li Jinjing , Shi Chengyang
Published: February 2025

New 3-aroyl-5-arylidene-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-diones were prepared by the Knoevenagel condensation of 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione with aromatic aldehydes, conversion of the thus obtained 5-arylidene derivatives into the corresponding N-potassium salts, and their final N-acylation with acyl chlorides. The in vitro antitumor efficacy of the compounds was evaluated by the MTT method.
Electrophilic hexa(methoxycarbonyl)cycloheptatrienyl anion in the synthesis of electron-deficient 5-hydroxyisoquinolones
Authors: Belyy Alexander Yu , Sokolova Alena D , Salikov Rinat Faritovich , Litvinenko Veronika V , Platonov Dmitry Nikolaevich , Tomilov Yury Vasil'evich
Published: February 2025

The reaction of hexa(methoxycarbonyl)cycloheptatrienyl anion with amines affords 5-hydroxyisoquinolones bearing four 4,6,7,8-positioned methoxycarbonyl groups and having unsubstituted C3H unit. The reaction is selective due to better steric availability and both charge and orbital distribution within the seven-membered ring and may proceed through a nucleophilic attack on the allyl-anionic moiety.
How to stop worrying and love multiple citation experimental data
Authors: Timofeev Yaroslav Vladislavovich , Mrasov Amir M. , Panova Maria V , Novikov Fedor Nikolaevich , Svitanko Igor
Published: February 2025

Numerous public databases now collect and disseminate biological activity data from literature and patents, forming the basis for chemogenomics and novel scoring functions. However, data quality is often compromised due to multiple citations of values across different studies with varying protocols. To address this issue, we used the XGBoost model in combination with a BERT-based NLP approach and a distance-based out-of-distribution (OOD) data detection method to enhance classification accuracy and exclude review articles.
Factors Associated with Dietary Pattern and Diversity among School-Going Children in District Jhang, Punjab Pakistan
Authors: Hanif Amina , Sadaf Tahira , Fatima Almazea , Rouf Ayesha , Tabasam Nazia
Published: February 2025

This study analysed dietary diversity among school-going children between the ages of 8 and 14 years in the district of Jhang of Punjab province. The score was calculated using FAO’s 17 food groups and 24-hour recall method. The determinants of dietary diversity among school-going children were also analysed. A sample of 200 children was selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected using a well-structured questionnaire and interview schedule. Results were found using bivariate analysis along with finding Pearson’s correlation. It was found that family size in the study area was six on average. The mean dietary diversity score (DDS) was 8, with a minimum value of 6 and a maximum of 13. 70% of respondents had a DDS of less than 12. All the respondents (children) consumed cereals (staple food). Out of the total, 83% of children were consuming from the sweets group, and 75 per cent of children were consuming from the spices group. These results reveal that children were not having healthy eating habits. Nutrient-rich food groups such as fish and red palm oil, not a single child was found having them in their diet. Milk and milk products, flesh, and iron are vital for the growth of this age group of children. However, only 48%, 43% and 22% of children consumed these essential food groups. Additionally, only 16% were consuming nuts. It is suggested that policymakers and other stakeholders raise awareness among children, teachers at the school level, and mothers at the household level on enhancing the nutritional intake of children of this age group by consuming a balanced diet from all food groups.
Wpływ prawa konkurencji na akt o rynkach cyfrowych – o wzajemnych relacjach między regulacjami i perspektywach na przyszłość
Authors:   Faculty of Law and Administration, University of Warsaw, Małobęcka-Szwast Iga
Published: February 2025

Prawo konkurencji, a raczej doświadczenia w jego stosowaniu na rynkach cyfrowych przez Komisję Europejską, krajowe organy ochrony konkurencji oraz sądy (w szczególności Trybunał Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej) wywarły kluczowy wpływ na treść aktu o rynkach cyfrowych (DMA). Artykuł ukazuje złożone relacje między prawem konkurencji a DMA i omawia przykładowe decyzje Komisji i krajowych organów ochrony konkurencji, które wpłynęły na ukształtowanie katalogu obowiązków nałożonych na strażników dostępu na gruncie DMA. Przedstawiono w nim również rolę krajowych organów ochrony konkurencji w zapewnieniu skuteczności tej regulacji – choć to Komisja jest organem wyłącznie odpowiedzialnym za egzekwowanie DMA, bez wkładu krajowych organów ochrony konkurencji realizacja celów DMA (tj. zapewnienie uczciwości i kontestowalności rynków cyfrowych) byłaby utrudniona.
Wpływ członkostwa Polski w Unii Europejskiej na prawo przedsiębiorców do wolności od samooskarżania w postępowaniach w sprawach praktyk ograniczających konkurencję prowadzonych przez Prezesa UOKiK
Authors: Mlostoń-Olszewska Anna
Published: February 2025

W roku 2024 przypada dwudziesta rocznica członkostwa Polski w Unii Europejskiej, co jest dobrą okazją do przyjrzenia się rozwojowi polskiego prawa konkurencji, a szczególnie temu, w jaki sposób procedura stosowana w polskich postępowaniach w sprawach ochrony konkurencji ulegała wpływowi unijnego prawa konkurencji. Jakkolwiek, zgodnie z zasadą autonomii proceduralnej, państwa członkowskie mają możliwość samodzielnego kształtowania przepisów postępowania, wydaje się jednak, że w okresie ostatnich dwudziestu lat można założyć oddziaływanie prawa unijnego na krajową procedurę, chociażby poprzez rozwiązania prawne przyjęte w rozporządzeniu 1/2003, a następnie w dyrektywie 2019/1 oraz na skutek orzecznictwa TSUE. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytanie o wpływ unijnego prawa konkurencji na przestrzeganie przez Prezesa UOKiK prawa przedsiębiorców do wolności od samooskarżania w krajowych postępowaniach w sprawach praktyk ograniczających konkurencję.
Europejska geneza polskiego programu leniency
Authors:   SWPS Uniwersytet Humanistycznospołeczny z siedzibą w Warszawie: Interdyscyplinarne Studia Doktoranckie, Kulesza Marcin
Published: February 2025

Artykuł przedstawia historycznoprawne omówienie anglosasko-europejskiej genezy polskiego programu leniency wprowadzonego do krajowego ustawodawstwa antymonopolowego w ścisłym związku z akcesją Polski do Unii Europejskiej w 2004 roku. Przedstawia historię i ogólny kształt amerykańskiego programu i historię programu unijnego oraz implementację leniency do ustawy o ochronie konkurencji i konsumentów z 2000 roku obowiązującej 1 maja 2024 r., tj. w dacie przystąpienia Polski do Unii Europejskiej.
Zasada legal professional privilege w postępowaniu przed Prezesem UOKiK na przestrzeni 20 lat członkostwa Polski w Unii Europejskiej
Authors:   Graduate of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, holder of a Postgraduate Diploma in EU Competition Law, King’s College, University of London, Gulińska Anna ,   legal advisor with the Warsaw Bar of Legal Advisors and senior associate at Dentons, Fortuna Paweł ,   plikant adwokacki, associate w zespole prawa konkurencji kancelarii Dentons
Published: February 2025

Artykuł przedstawia w jaki sposób na przestrzeni 20 lat członkostwa Polski w Unii Europejskiej kształtowała się zasada ochrony poufności komunikacji pomiędzy wykwalifikowanym prawnikiem a klientem (legal professional privilege) w polskim prawie konkurencji w perspektywie orzecznictwa unijnego. Ponadto w artykule poddano analizie i oceniono regulację LPP obowiązującą w polskim prawie konkurencji od 20 maja 2023 roku. Generalnie pozytywna ocena wprowadzenia samoistnej regulacji zasady LPP do uokik uzupełniona jest o uwagi krytyczne, zmierzające do wypracowania wykładni przepisów w pełni uwzględniającej unijny dorobek orzeczniczy i standard ochrony przedsiębiorców.
(R)ewolucja stosowania prawa konkurencji UE do sportu w najnowszym orzecznictwie Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej
Authors:   Instytut Nauk Prawnych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Lewandowski Wojciech
Published: February 2025

Trybunał Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej 21 grudnia 2023 r. wydał trzy wyroki modyfikujące funkcjonowanie europejskiego modelu sportu. W wyrokach w sprawach Europejskiej Superligi (C-333/21), Royal Antwerp Football Club (C-680/21) i International Skating Union (C-124/21 P) najważniejsza instytucja sądowa UE podjęła się kompleksowej i porządkującej wykładni art. 101, 102 i 106 Traktatu o Funkcjonowaniu Unii Europejskiej, stosując te przepisy do działań federacji sportowych związanych z organizacją rozgrywek sportu zawodowego w Europie. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza najbardziej istotnych elementów dotyczących modyfikacji zasad stosowania prawa konkurencji UE do sportu w dotychczasowym kształcie, interpretowanym z wcześniejszego orzecznictwa Trybunału i koncepcji formułowanych w literaturze. W szczególności tekst omawia wpływ trzech komentowanych orzeczeń na: 1) wpływ specyfiki sportu i art. 165 TFUE na stosowanie prawa konkurencji UE; 2) strukturalny konflikt interesów federacji sportowych związany z łączeniem kompetencji regulacyjnych i komercyjnych; 3) wzmocnienie zasad dobrego zarządzania wewnątrz federacji sportowych poprzez stosowanie prawa konkurencji UE; 4) możliwość uzasadniania działań federacji sportowych kryteriami testu Wouters i przesłankami art. 101 ust. 3 TFUE oraz 5) pozycję Trybunału Arbitrażowego ds. Sportu i badanie zgodności jego rozstrzygnięć z prawem konkurencji UE.
Understanding composition-property-phase relations in high Fe2Q3 Hanford waste glasses
Authors:   , Eales James
Published: February 2025

To support the vitrification efforts at the US Hanford site, three borosilicate glasses were designed and incrementally doped on a pro-rata basis with Fe2O3 from 0 – 14 mol%. The first series was an Na-borosilicate glass, the second introduced CaO, Al2O3, and Li2O into the composition, while the third was derived from a high Fe waste glass composition (known as HLW Ng-Fe2). These three glass sample series were used to investigate how Fe2O3 integrates into borosilicate glass networks of varying complexity. 57Fe Mössbauer and Fe K-edge XANES spectroscopies were used to describe the iron chemistry across all three glass series, while B K-edge XANES, Raman, Si 2p & B 1s spectroscopies were used to describe the glass network. The iron was demonstrated to exist entirely as Fe3+ in all samples, while the coordination of the Fe3+ was shown to be predominantly tetrahedral, with some evidence of higher-coordinated units. The silicate sub-network was shown to be more affected by the increasing Fe2O3 contents in the simplest glass series, but in more complex series, the borate sub-network was shown to be affected more by increasing Fe2O3 content. The boron coordination, as determined by B K-edge XANES spectroscopy, showed no substantial changes as a function of increasing Fe2O3 content. Complex tetrahedral avoidance hierarchies and mixed modifier effects were presented as hypotheses to explain these network effects. The Hanford analogue series was selected for further research on the glass properties. The glasses were split into two sub series – the “Laboratory Produced” and the “Canister Centreline Cooled” series. The latter samples were heat treated to represent the slow cooling in the HLW steel canisters to be used at the Hanford Waste Treatment Plants (WTPs). The glass transition temperature, phase abundances (as measured by Rietveld refinement of XRD patterns), and 7-day chemical durability were studied. It was found that there are very few deviations between the two sub-series in glass transition temperature and chemical durability, but the heat-treated series showed a greater abundance of crystalline phases. All properties were consistent with limits set by the glass reference material (DWPF-EA glass) in literature. However, further work is required to confirm this as no reference material was studied alongside these samples.
Sustainable energy mix by strategy development and risk management in heavy industry
Authors:   , Hütterbräucker Jens
Published: February 2025

Changing the energy mix within energy-intensive industries has significant policy implications for risk management, transformation processes, and strategy development. This study, which was based on a mixed method approach and included both qualitative and quantitative primary data, provides critical insights into the transformation of heavy industries from the exclusive use of fossil fuels towards a more sustainable energy mix. By incorporating perspectives of strategy development and risk management, this research presents an untapped viewpoint in the existing literature. The key contributions of this study stem from the empirical examination of the strategic development processes and risk management practices in heavy industries during their shift to sustainable energy sources. This study makes a significant contribution to the identification and management of risks associated with this transition process are pivotal in shaping the strategic pathways adopted by these industries. The research findings suggest that the effective orchestration of transformation processes is contingent upon the integration of strategic development and risk management. The employed integrated approach enables industries to mitigate potential adversities and leverage opportunities presented by the shift to renewable energy sources. Additionally, the study highlights significant implications for government policymakers. It emphasizes the need for supportive policies and regulations that foster an enabling environment for the transition towards sustainable energy use. Policymakers should consider both the opportunities and risks associated with the energy transition and to determine how their policies can help manage these risks and drive strategic development in heavy industries. In conclusion, this research offers valuable insights to industrial practitioners and government policymakers alike, fostering a more comprehensive understanding of the transition to a sustainable energy mix in the context of heavy industries. The findings provide a foundation for further research and practical implementation in the realm of sustainable energy transitions, strategy development, and risk management.