bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential tonometry with a Schiotz tonometer: mathematical modeling with account for the nonlinearity of the elastic behavior of the cornea and comparison with clinical data
Authors:   Institute of Mechanics, Moscow State Lomonosov University, Moiseeva Irina , Stein Alexander
Published: November 2024

Mathematical modeling of the diagnostic procedure of differential tonometry based on loading the eye with a Schiotz tonometer using two or more weights of the plunger, one of the two structural elements of this tonometer, is performed. The model of the eye-ball developed earlier by the authors is used, based on the representation of the cornea as a momentless two-dimensional elastic surface and the scleral region as a zero-dimensional elastic element that responds with a change in pressure to a change in the volume of the fluid contained in it. Unlike previous works, in which a theoretical study of differential tonometry was carried out based on a physically linear model of the cornea, this work takes into account the nonlinearity of its elastic behavior is taken into account on the basis of an effective approach that made it possible to describe this nonlinearity by means of a single parameter. It is shown that the dependence of the tonometric pres-sure on the weight of the plunger remains almost linear, which makes it possible to intro-duce the pressure difference coefficient γ as the slope of the corresponding straight line. This coefficient increases with both scleral and corneal stiffness and decreases with true pressure. Accounting for nonlinearity leads to increase in the calculated values of γ at sufficiently high values of both true pressures and stiffnesses of the two components of the eyeball, as well as to an expansion of the pressure range for which these values are large. It is shown that two groups of eyes can be distinguished, in one of which, charac-terized by high values of the pressure difference coefficient, both components of the cor-neoscleral coat are very rigid, and in the other, where these values are significantly low-er, the stiffness of the eye tissues can be considered normal. At the same time, an inter-mediate range of γ values remains, for which such definite conclusions cannot be drawn only from the result of differential tonometry. However, the ability to isolate a group of very stiff eyes that are particularly likely to have glaucoma makes this procedure useful in diagnosing this disease.
Strength analysis in a hip endoprosthesis made of polymeric material
Authors:   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University, Maslov Leonid , Dmitryuk Anastasia , Zhmaylo Mikhail ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University,   Center for Technical Projects, Tarasenko Fedor , Kovalenko Anton ,   National Medical Research Center for Traumatology and Orhopaedics n.a. R.R. Vreden
Published: November 2024

Developing individualized implant designs in the shortest possible time is a chal-lenging problem in personalized medicine; advanced digital technologies are increas-ingly integrated in biomedicine to tackle this challenge. While acceptable results are ob-tained in hip arthroplasty, there is still a number of serious issues that require further re-search into the design and materials of personalized implants. In particular, studies on the behaviour of biomechanical systems under functional loads have raised a number of questions concerning correct application of loads accounting for the muscle-joint inter-actions and the implant material selected that could ensure long-term biocompatibility with the human body without replacement. As a way to solving the problem, we consid-ered personalized finite element models prepared based on patient computer tomogra-phy data obtained from NMRC for Traumatology and Orthopaedics n.a. R.R. Vreden (St. Petersburg). We constructed a realistic finite element model of the pelvis, investigating the stress-strain state of the pelvic bones and implants during simulation of primary and revision hip arthroplasty. A series of simulations was performed for different shapes of the endoprosthesis and fixation methods, analysing the potential applications for the personalized endoprosthesis made of a polymer material.
Study of the DNA denaturation based on the Peyrard – Bishop – Dauxois model and recurrence quantification analysis
Authors:   Laboratory of Physical Foundations of Strength Institute of continuous media mechanics UB RAS, Nikitiuk Aleksandr , Burmistrova Olga , Naimark Oleg
Published: November 2024

The aim of this work is to study of the phase transition during thermal denaturation of DNA by the method of recurrence quantification analysis, which is the most modern and efficient approach for the analysis of complex systems. To achieve the goal, the nonlinear dynamics model of the DNA denaturation is implemented, based on the Pey-rard – Bishop – Dauxois approach, which allows determining the state of DNA base pairs at an arbitrary point in time. Next, the dynamics of DNA is simulated at different tempera-tures, and the evolution of hydrogen bond stretching during DNA heating is studied. To analyze the results obtained, the method of recurrence quantification analysis is used, which makes it possible to judge the nature of the processes which occur in the system and are of particular interest in relation to the study of nonlinear DNA dynamics. In par-ticular, those are phase transitions, since on the basis of their analysis it is possible to identify states of repetition and fading (laminarity), the occurrence of extreme events, the presence of hidden periodicity and cyclicity. Using this method of analysis, quantitative measures are calculated in a window shifted along the main diagonal of the recurrent plot (RP). These measures quantify fine-scale RP structures. The calculations reveal the most sensitive measures to the analysis of the process under study, with the help of which the precursors of the phase transition are determined.
Influence of spinal cord injury severity on mechanical properties of bones in rat hind limbs: in vivo models
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, Akhmetzyanova Alina , Sharafutdinova Karina , Sabirova Diana , Baltin Maksim , Gerasimov Oleg , Baltina Tatiana , Sachenkov Oskar
Published: November 2024

Spinal cord injuries are often accompanied by osteoporosis, which complicates re-habilitation. The effect of injury severity on changes in bone strength properties is poor-ly understood. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess changes in me-chanical properties of bone in the diaphyseal region after spinal cord injury of different severity (contusion and complete spinal cord injury). The study was conducted on non-linear rats weighing 180–200 g. Animal housing and experimental procedures were car-ried out in compliance with bioethical norms. Complete spinal cord injury was simulated by transection of the spinal cord at the Th8–Th9 level. Contusion (incomplete) trauma to the spinal cord was inflicted at the Th8–Th9 level according to a modified technique by A.R. Allen. Animals were removed from the experiment on the 30th day, after which the bones (tibia and femur) were extracted. Geometric, volumetric and mass characteristics were determined for each bone, and three-point bending tests were performed. The re-sults showed that spinal cord injury in experimental rats resulted in a loss of strength in the femur and tibia. In the case of incomplete injury, the decrease in hind limb strength was more pronounced (21 % in the tibia and 27 % in the femur) than in complete spinal cord injury (21 % in the tibia and 19 % in the femur). At the same time, the density and Young's modulus of the tibia and femur did not significantly change after complete and incomplete spinal cord injury in rats. Following the results, the authors hypothesized that the immobilization after spinal cord injury leads to different changes of bone micro-architecture. It is assumed that changes in bone microarchitecture entail a significant influence on bone strength.
A mathematical model of microcirculation for predicting reperfusion syndrome in diabetic patients
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Shabrykina Natalya , Lukin Pavel ,   Perm State Medical University named after Academician E.A. Wagner
Published: November 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a group of chronic metabolic disorders, characterized by an ele-vated blood sugar level. Due to the rapidly growing number of patients with diabetes mellitus, the complications rates are also increasing dramatically. Currently, non-invasive experimental methods are adopted to evaluate microcirculatory perfusion and reveal ear-ly diabetic microangiopathy dysfunction. Since microcirculation function assumes sever-al interrelated processes depending on a large number of parameters, similar clinical manifestation of microcirculation disorder can be caused by various alterations that are often impossible to determine using only experimental data. Mathematical modeling is a promising tool to overcome the mentioned above issues and enhance experimental methods. This paper focuses on the development of a mathematical model enabling to predict reperfusion syndrome in diabetic patients. The model of microcirculation can allow estimating other parameters (capillary wall hydraulic conductivity and oncotic pressure) by comparing computed results with capillaroscopic measurements of filtration rate. With the help of presented mathematical model we can propose a possible way for explaining why revascularization can cause aggravation of diabetic foot syndrome.
Mathematical modeling of invasive carcinoma under conditions of anisotropy of chemical fields: budding and migration of cancer cells
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Krasnyakov Ivan
Published: November 2024

The recent decade is known for changes in approaches to malignant tumor treat-ment. It has become known that a tumor is a heterogeneous agglomeration of cancer cells and can develop different spatial structures for collective invasion and migration over the course of its evolution. Cancer cell budding at the invasive front of a tumor is one of the processes which determine its malignant nature. A new approach to tumor and its manifested effects in its evolution should be examined both with the medical methods and the methods of mathematical modeling. The methods of mathematical modeling ap-plied in studies of malignant entities help observe the processes in their dynamics run-ning during tumor growth. We develop a mathematical model of heterogeneous invasive carcinoma growth. The model derives from the model of a cell with its individual dynam-ics that enables us to describe the object under analysis in detail to some extent. Model-ing reproduces the effect of budding during the growth of a cribriform carcinoma. This has been qualitatively compared with the results of clinical studies of histological sec-tions. We also measured quantitative characteristics, the index of epithelial-mesenchymal transition which is compared with a cell phenotype in epithelial tissue. The paper shows dynamics in the development of cells-buds, their migration near the tumor front, and amoeboid migration in epithelial tissue. The paper also describes the development of a second tumor source triggered by the mesenchymal-epithelial transition. The results of the study demonstrate the dynamics in the development of malignant entities and their inherent effects.
DEWEY E A CONDIÇÃO LIMITE DA FORMAÇÃO NO QUADRO DA CRISE DA DEMOCRACIA
Authors: Novaes Thomaz de Menezes Antonio Basilio
Published: November 2024

Trata-se da condição limite da Educação em Dewey, no quadro contemporâneo da crise da Democracia. Traz como questões de fundo: a importância da Democracia para a formação do cidadão e o desafio que se coloca em torno da experiência da crise da Democracia. Tem como circunscrição temática as obras do autor que, embora especulativas e de caráter teórico, oferecem pensar a condição limite do princípio básico da experiência – pressuposto à proposta de uma educação democrática – naquilo que concerne ao eixo de articulação das diferentes instâncias que têm como referência a Democracia e a sua participação na formação do cidadão. Assim, tem-se por objeto da discussão de fundo a crise atual da Democracia – a abordagem do critério democrático pressuposto à formação educacional do cidadão – situada no quadro experiencial da compreensão da educação, como uma necessidade da vida social e do ideal democrático subentendido.
ANÁLISE DA DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE JOVENS NO ENSINO MÉDIO BRASILEIRO POR SEXO E FAIXA ETÁRIA: PERSPECTIVAS PARA UMA EDUCAÇÃO CRÍTICA E REFLEXIVA
Authors: Marinho Chrizostimo Miriam , Chrizostimo Raquel , Consuelo Ortiz Sánchez Maritza
Published: November 2024

O estudo sugere oferta de educação crítica e reflexiva inspirada na Pedagogia Social de Paulo Freire. O objetivo foi analisar quanti-qualitativamente a distribuição de jovens do ensino médio brasileiro da rede pública estadual de ensino, por sexo e faixa etária de 15 a 17 anos, no ano de 2020. Metodologicamente tratou-se de análise documental de informações do Observatório de Educação do Instituto Unibanco com posterior interpretação dos dados. Verificou-se que, em todas as regiões do país, a frequência de meninas no ensino médio foi superior à de meninos. Assim, instrumentos e medidas devem ser valorizados para redução da diferença percentual e sugere-se a implantação de políticas educacionais que estimulem a formação crítica e reflexiva do educando. Conclui-se que a permanência de jovens de ambos os sexos no ensino médio, com formação crítica e reflexiva, os capacita para o exercício da cidadania e a participação ativa na sociedade.
A EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL EM FERNANDO DE NORONHA
Authors: De Almeida Lima Michelle
Published: November 2024

Com a criação do Parque Nacional Marinho de Fernando de Noronha em 1988, a comunidade local precisou adaptar-se às novas regulamentações e conciliar o desafio da sustentabilidade em aliar de forma harmônica a atividade turística e a preservação dos recursos naturais. Este estudo tem o objetivo de investigar a evolução e a situação atual da educação ambiental em Fernando de Noronha. Trata-se de uma abordagem qualitativa e descritiva, utilizando pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e observação participativa. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que a educação ambiental tem sido uma grande ferramenta na conscientização e formação, principalmente sobre os cuidados ambientais e práticas sustentáveis que a comunidade aprende, assimila e consequentemente transmite aos turistas e novos residentes. No entanto, enfrenta desafios significativos, como a pressão do turismo. Precisa fortalecer parcerias locais e internacionais, incluir estratégias para lidar com os impactos das mudanças climáticas e criar uma Política Distrital de Educação Ambiental, entre outras ações.
CAMINOS HACIA LA INCLUSIÓN: REFLEXIONES SOBRE EL TRABAJO CON FAMILIAS
Authors: Carvalho Carolina , Sá Ana Margarida Marques
Published: November 2024

Las familias siempre han enfrentado múltiples retos en su vida cotidiana. Sin embargo, ¿qué diferencia los tiempos actuales del pasado? La complejidad de las demandas y la rapidez con la que se producen los cambios son posibles explicaciones. Pero también debemos considerar la falta de tiempo para estar juntos, para compartir y reflexionar sobre nuestras experiencias, especialmente con nuestros hijos. Este contexto distingue claramente a las familias contemporáneas. En este estudio, se analiza cómo el trabajo realizado en equipos multidisciplinares puede contribuir a cambiar las prácticas de crianza asociadas al riesgo de exclusión social.
Education and Training in the United States
Authors: Chen Xinsu , Kim Hae Sun , Dvorak Abbey
Published: November 2024

Music therapy stakeholders may benefit from a more comprehensive understanding about international students and their process for becoming music therapists in the U.S. The purposes of this paper are to: (a) articulate the international student process from home country to credentialed music therapist in the U.S., (b) outline common concerns and difficulties of international students studying in the U.S., and (c) share best practices obtained from the research literature to support international students through the process from student to professional. The process for international music therapy students from home country to professional includes pre-departure tasks related to information, finances, and student visas; mid-coursework requirements related to clinical practice, curricular degree, and full-time status; and post-coursework aspects of curricular practical training, board certification, optional practical training, and applying for a work visa. Common challenges of international music therapy students include culture shock and racism, academic challenges, financial and psychological issues, and developing music skills and repertoire. Best practices identified from the literature encourage international students to improve language competence, utilize campus support, develop social networks, and increase culture competence. The authors discuss implications for music therapy education and training, provide suggestions for students, and share recommendations for key stakeholders.
An Analysis of Sensory Stimulation Interventions in Music Therapy for Adults Living with Dementia
Authors: Shrader Shelby
Published: November 2024

In this case report, four music therapists were observed and interviewed to identify the primary goals, characteristics, and perceived benefits of sensory stimulation interventions for adults living with dementia. Cases were described with regards to participant characteristics, goals, session context, ways participants were engaged, characteristics of the music, and benefits. Primary goals ranged from “any kind of response” to “to maintain the cognitive function of periodic orientation.” All cases included the use of receptive music therapy experiences with the use of live music via voice and a stringed instrument. Perceived benefits ranged from “increased alertness” to “increased tolerance of stimulation.” Analysis of these cases revealed a range of approaches to sensory stimulation rather than a single goal or intervention strategy. These diverse conceptualizations highlight the need for a stronger theoretical foundation, as well as further research, to enhance the meaningfulness of this intervention.
Remembering the Dead
Authors: Ghetti Claire , Hadley Susan
Published: November 2024

This is the editorial for the November 2024 issue.
Nutrition Education Effect in Increasing Knowledge and Ability to Interpret Nutrition Facts in Adolescents
Authors: Arinda Ditia Fitri , Yuliana Indah , Sari Desri Maulina
Published: November 2024

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition education on the understanding and proficiency in interpreting nutrition labels among adolescents aged 16-18 years..Methods: This quantitative study adopted quasi-experimental and control group designs with a pre-test and post-test approach. The sample size included 60 participants, divided into 2 equal groups, receiving education through lecture method and leaflets, respectively. The intertervention was conducted one day in group 1 and group 2, respectively. Sample selection was conducted using a simple random sampling method. Data were collected through a knowledge questionnaire and details on reading ability were obtained using an interpreting ability checklist through pre-tests and post-tests conducted at the same day. The retrieved data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and the Mann-Whitney U Test (α=0.05).Results: Nutrition education is shown to enhance the understanding (p-value=0,026) and proficiency of students in interpreting nutrition facts (p-value=0,064).Conclusion: Nutrition education had a positive impact on the understanding and skill of adolescents in reading nutrition facts. Thus, developing educational materials that can be readily applied in daily life will help consumers in making more nutritionally informed choices when selecting packaged foods.
Differential White Blood Cell Count and COVID-19 Hospital Length of Stay: A Post-hoc Analysis
Authors: Gustya Gita Fajri , Nugraha Darrin Ananda , Rakasiwi Muhammad Ilham Dhiya , Azzumar Farchan , Burhan Erlina
Published: November 2024

Objective: To explore the association between differential white blood cell count and hospital length of stay (LOS) in COVID-19 patients.Methods: This study is a post-hoc analysis of two prospective cohort studies involving hospitalized COVID-19 patients who received standard therapy, including antiviral and supportive treatments at Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia, during the Delta and Omicron dominant pandemic periods. Baseline differential white blood cell count before initiation of therapy were documented. LOS was categorized as ≤10 days and >10 days.Result: Data from 463 subjects were included with most subjects were males (62.2%) with a median age of 54 (14–93) years. The average LOS for subjects was 12.7 (12.1–13.4) days. Bivariate tests showed that lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and neutrophil-monocyte ratio (NMR) had significant association (p <0.05) to LOS. Logistic regression showed that higher monocyte counts were associated with shorter LOS (adjusted OR 0.89; 95% CI 0.840 - 0.943; p < 0.001). ROC curve showed that higher monocyte counts (>8.35 × 10^3/µL) at admission may predict shorter hospitalization (<10 days).Conclusion: Monocyte count may serve as a potential marker for length of stay in COVID-19 patients, offering key insights for optimizing patient management and resource allocation.
Factors affecting Umbilical Cord Vitamin D Concentration and Its Association with Maternal Vitamin D Level
Authors: Aggarwal Aditya , Modi Amit Kumar , Singh K. Rimi , Jha Avinash Kumar
Published: November 2024

Objective: To analyze factors affecting maternal and umbilical cord levels of vitamin D and to understand the correlation between maternal and umbilical cord vitamin D levels.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the department of pediatrics of Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College and Research Centre, Pune, India. Maternal and umbilical cord vitamin D levels were examined in 300 pairs of mother and child over a period of two years. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. The vitamin D level was measured using chemiluminescent immunoassay and classified as either deficient, insufficient or adequate depending on specific cut-offs. Correlations between maternal and neonatal vitamin D levels and demographic factors like religion, socioeconomic status, and sun exposure were also exlored. Statistical tests were performed using the SPSS 21.0 software, with p<0.05 deemed P-valueas significant.Results: There was significantly high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in neonates, (78.67%). Key factors influencing maternal vitamin D levels were religion (p=0.027), maternal education (p=0.003), gravida status (p=0.035), and sunlight exposure, with sunlight exposure showing a very strong correlation to the deficiency (p<0.001). Moreover, maternal serum calcium levels significantly affected vitamin D status (p<0.001). A significant association was observed between maternal and cord blood vitamin D levels, with the maternal vitamin D level strongly predicted vitamin D status in neonates (p<0.001).Conclusion: The umbilical cord vitamin D level strongly correlates with the maternal vitamin D level, which is  significantly affected by maternal education, residence, pregnancy status, gestational age, and sun exposure.
Feasibility, Safety, and Efficacy of Segmental Spinal Anesthesia with Predominantly Isobaric Levobupivacaine: A Tertiary Care Hospital Study
Authors: Goyal Lalit , Gupta Saloni , Nagar Sachin , Bhargava Vinay
Published: November 2024

Objective: To assess feasibility, safety, and efficacy of segmental spinal anesthesia with isobaric levobupivacaine in patients undergoing various abdominal and lower limb surgeries. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study conducted at the department of anesthesiology and critical care of Kota heart institute and group of hospitals in India. The study involved  100 patients undergoing various abdominal and lower limb surgeries under segmental spinal anesthesia (SSA). Isobaric levobupivacaine 0.5% with fentanyl 20-25 μg or dexmedetomidine 5-10 as adjuvant or  hypobaric levobupivacaine 0.167%  was injected in intervertebral space depending on the surgery. Hemodynamic parameters, postoperative pain level, and adverse effects were analyzed with a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: An overall male predominance was observed with a 1:0.515 male-to-female ratio. The most affected age group was 41-50 years (37%), with a mean age of 44.51 ± 11.72 years. ASA classification indicated 34% of patients in ASA I, 40% in ASA II, 24% ASA III and 2% in ASA IV . The primary surgery was laparoscopic cholecystectomy (26%) in normal risk group and orthopedic in high-risk group(20%). Postoperative pain assessment showed mean VAS scores ranging from 1.92 to 3.42 at different time intervals. Common adverse effects were hemodynamic instability (13%), shoulder tip pain (33%), PONV (3%), headache (6%), pruritis (2%) and urinary retention (1%). The hemodynamic instability showed less incidence in ASA III/IV category.Conclusion: Segmental spinal anesthesia can be used successfully for abdominal and lower limb orthopedic surgeries in patients of ASA I to ASA IV.
Outcome of Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Plate Osteosynthesis Using Locking Compression Plate for Distal Tibial Fractures
Authors: Rampure Sagar , Choraria Harsh , Hanchate Krishna , Mahadik Sujay K , Deshpande Shrikant
Published: November 2024

Objectives: To assess the functional and radiological outcomes of the distal tibia fractures managed surgically with a locking compression plate by MIPPO technique.Methods: This prospective observational study included 34 patients with distal tibial fractures treated at Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Medical College and Hospital, Sangli, India. After ethics committee approval and informed consent, eligible adults with complex or unfavorable simple, closed fractures were enrolled. Exclusions were patients under 18 with pathological fractures or comorbidities affecting functional outcomes. Standard preoperative protocols and imaging were conducted. All patients were surgically managed with a locking compression plate by MIPPO technique. Postoperatively, exercises and staged weight-bearing were implemented. Follow-up assessments at 45, 90, 135, and 180 days evaluated pain, movement, and radiological union using Olerud and Molander score. Statistical analysis utilized paired t-test and Chi-Square test.Results: Out of 34 patients with distal tibial fractures, 24 (70.6%) were males and 10 (29.4%) were females with a mean age of 41.88 years. Most fractures were 42A1 (35.3%) and 43A2 (32.4%). Post-operative superficial wound infection occurred in 3 (8.8%) and deep infection in 2 (5.9%). Mean union time was 16.62 weeks. Functional outcomes were excellent in 3 (8.8%), good in 22 (64.7%), and fair in 9 (26.5%). At six months, complications included ankle stiffness (29.4%), non-union (20.6%), and malunion (8.8%). No cases had plate or screw breakage.Conclusion: MIPPO technique allows for good functional outcomes while reducing complications, especially in fractures with poor soft tissue conditions.
A construção de significado em visitas de famílias ao museu: um estudo no Museu da Natureza no Piauí, Brasil
Authors: Scalfi Graziele , Silva Juliane Barros da , Araújo Juliana Magalhães , Massarani Luisa , Pinto Antero Vinicius Portela Firmino , Oliveira Itamar Soares
Published: November 2024

Resumo Neste estudo, analisamos as conversas e interações de famílias em visita ao Museu da Natureza, no estado do Piauí, Brasil, para a compreensão da construção de significados. Participaram do estudo sete grupos de famílias, totalizando 21 sujeitos. As visitas foram gravadas com o uso de uma câmera GoPro presa a um suporte elástico em forma de colete na altura do peito, para gravação de imagens e sons em uma perspectiva de primeira pessoa. O material audiovisual foi analisado no software Dedoose. Resultados evidenciam que as famílias interagiram como aprendizes autônomos, criando significados, continuamente, a partir de sua experiência com a exposição. As conversas sobre ciência e experiências anteriores favoreceram a construção, conexão e compreensão do processo de conhecimento científico. Identificamos que a leitura auxiliou no entendimento dos temas expositivos e as estratégias corporais, como gestos, foram complementares, enriquecendo as formas de comunicação do grupo para a construção de significados.
Vaccine coverage by social strata in state capitals in the Brazilian Midwest region: a household survey of children born in 2017 and 2018
Authors: Lima Jaqueline Costa , Garcia Érica Marvila , Oliveira Sandra Maria do Valle Leone de , Araújo Wildo Navegantes de , Lopes Emmanuela Maria de Freitas , Teles Sheila Araújo , Caetano Karlla Antonieta Amorim , Teixeira Ana Izabel Passarela , Alves Bárbara Manuella Cardoso Sodré , França Ana Paula , Moraes José Cássio de , Domingues Carla Magda Allan Santos , Silva Adriana Ilha da , Ramos Jr. Alberto Novaes , França Ana Paula , Oliveira Andrea de Nazaré Marvão , Boing Antonio Fernando , Domingues Carla Magda Allan Santos , Oliveira Consuelo Silva de , Maciel Ethel Leonor Noia , Guibu Ione Aquemi , Mirabal Isabelle Ribeiro Barbosa , Barbosa Jaqueline Caracas , Lima Jaqueline Costa , Moraes José Cássio de , Luhm Karin Regina , Caetano Karlla Antonieta Amorim , Lima Luisa Helena de Oliveira , Antunes Maria Bernadete de Cerqueira , Teixeira Maria da Gloria , Teixeira Maria Denise de Castro , Borges Maria Fernanda de Sousa Oliveira , Queiroz Rejane Christine de Sousa , Gurgel Ricardo Queiroz , Barata Rita Barradas , Azevedo Roberta Nogueira Calandrini de , Oliveira Sandra Maria do Valle Leone de , Teles Sheila Araújo , Gama Silvana Granado Nogueira da , Mengue Sotero Serrate , Simões Taynãna César , Nascimento Valdir , Araújo Wildo Navegantes de
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze full vaccination coverage in live births in 2017 and 2018 in the capitals of the Midwest region of Brazil, according to social strata. Methods Population-based household survey with cluster sampling. Full coverage in children at 12 and 24 months of age and sociodemographic factors were analyzed. Results 5,715 children were analyzed. Full coverage at 12 months of age was 67.9% (95%CI 65.4;70.4), while at 24 months it was 48.2% (95%CI 45.3;51.1). Pneumococcal vaccine had the highest vaccination coverage (91.3%), while the second dose of rotavirus vaccine had the lowest (74.2%). In Campo Grande, no vaccine reached coverage above 90%, with BCG (82.9%) and hepatitis B (82.1%) standing out. Campo Grande and Brasília had the worst vaccination coverage in the high social stratum (24 months of age). Conclusion Vaccination coverage in the Midwest was below 80%, falling short of the recommended target and associated with socioeconomic factors.
COMPETÊNCIAS SOCIOEMOCIONAIS E SUA RELAÇÃO COM ANSIEDADE SOCIAL EM ESTUDANTES DE ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Bispo Silva Ivina Alessa , Osawa Vasconcelos Maristela Inês , Nazare de Oliveira Eliany , Rodrigues Souza Rodrigo
Published: November 2024

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o nível de desenvolvimento das competências socioemocionais e sua relação com a ansiedade social. Participaram do estudo 199 estudantes de enfermagem. Foram aplicados: questionário sociodemográfico, escala de competências socioemocionais para universitários e escala CASO. Os dados foram processados no software: SPSS, versão23.0., fornecendo análises descritivas e estatística da amostra, e análises inferenciais entre as variáveis do estudo. Os resultados evidenciaram médias menores nos fatores de autogerenciamento emocional e perseverança e médias maiores em tomada de decisão responsável e habilidades de relacionamentos. As pontuações da escala CASO aponta maior probabilidade de desenvolvimento da ansiedade social no sexo feminino. Dos 6 fatores de Competências Socioemocionais, 4 tiveram correlações negativas com as dimensões de ansiedade social. Assim, sugere-se que o desenvolvimento das competências socioemocionais se apresenta como uma estratégia relevante para melhorar o bem-estar dos estudantes e prevenir a ansiedade social, gerando consequências positivas para a formação e qualidade de vida.
O sofrimento psicossocial na universidade: ouvindo estudantes em tempos de crise
Authors: Leitão Heliane de Almeida Lins , Zanotti Susane Vasconcelos , Gomes Lucélia Maria Lima da Silva , Santos Kyssia Marcelle Calheiros
Published: November 2024

O artigo apresenta resultados de pesquisa realizada com estudantes universitários de uma universidade pública no primeiro ano da pandemia da COVID-19. Foi utilizado um questionário on-line contendo questões de identificação sociodemográfica, seguidas por uma escala do tipo Likert, abordando 4 dimensões da experiência dos estudantes: (1) pessoal/emocional; (2) interpessoal; (3) estudos/profissão; e (4) vida virtual. Participaram 206 estudantes de graduação, em sua maioria jovens, do gênero feminino, solteiros e com baixa renda familiar. Os dados revelaram inquietações, insegurança e ansiedade dos estudantes em relação ao presente, em contraste com confiança e esperança em relação ao futuro. Destaca-se a importância da rede de apoio representada por amigos e familiares como suporte emocional. As interações na vida virtual se mostraram importantes para a manutenção de laços afetivos e minimização dos efeitos do distanciamento social na pandemia, embora não sejam consideradas substitutas do contato presencial. Sentimentos de solidão foram frequentes, sugerindo efeitos subjetivos do isolamento compulsório, com possíveis repercussões para a saúde mental a longo prazo. O trabalho pretende contribuir com a reflexão acerca da saúde mental na vida universitária no período pós-pandêmico e com o planejamento de intervenções no espaço coletivo como condição de superação de seus impasses. Além disso, colabora com a discussão interdisciplinar que se impõe em tempos de crise, com repercussões para ações intersetoriais articuladas entre educação e saúde mental.
CONCEPTS OF STRATEGIC SOVEREIGNTY AND AUTONOMY AND THE IMAGE OF THE FUTURE IN THE OFFICIAL DISCOURSE OF THE EU
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Kotsur Gleb ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: November 2024

The concept of sovereignty has not been popular in the official EU’s discourse for a long time, but this has changed in recent years since representatives of the Union have turned to the categories of European sovereignty and strategic autonomy. Through the prism of critical chronopolitics, F. Polak’s concept of the image of the future and discourse analysis of EU’s official discourse, the author explores how new categories influenced the image of the future in Brussels’ worldview. Three points are of particular importance. Firstly, new concepts establish primary focus on the areas of technology/digitalization, environment protection, foreign policy / defense. The development of each of these areas helps to strengthen the sovereignty / autonomy of the EU within such a narrative. Secondly, the new categories work within the framework of transition plot, constituting a symbolic world map of Brussels through a combination of orientalism and historicism. Thirdly, the categories contribute to the optimistic and pessimistic half of the image of the future, representing rather a temporal discursive prolongation of the current status quo than utopia and dystopia.
CHALLENGES OF SANCTION COALITION FORMATION AGAINST RUSSIA IN A MULTIPOLAR SYSTEM
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Turhan O. A.
Published: November 2024

In 2022, Russia became the target of historically unprecedented sanctions imposed by a coalition of Western countries led by the United States. However, countries in Latin America, Africa and most Asian countries refrained from joining the sanctions regime. This article aims to analyze the circumstances under which the sanctions against Russia have not attracted unequivocal support from the majority of the states. The analysis focuses on the cases of Brazil, Turkey, and several African states. Contrary to the traditional models of political alignment outlined within structural realism, such as balancing or bandwagoning strategies, these countries tend to respond to each challenge individually, maximizing potential gains and minimizing political risks by adhering to a 'hedging' strategy. The states abstaining from the anti-Russian sanctions demonstrate a willingness to mediate the Ukrainian conflict and capitalize on the opportunities presented by Russia’s isolation from the West, including trade concessions like discounted fuel or grain donations. They also maintain partnerships with Russia, whose political authority acts as a counterweight in disputes with Western nations. The findings of the study corroborate with the tenets inherent in 'hedging' concept, positing that during the fragmentation of global processes, states, in pursuit of their own interests, are actively diverging from traditional approaches of political alignment.
EAST AND/OR WEST: PERCEPTIONS OF RUSSIAN SCIENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF POPULAR GEOPOLITICS
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod – National Research University, Radina N. K. , Kozlova А. V. ,   PJSC Sberbank, Tarasov S. V. ,   Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2024

At the end of the 20th century Russia demonstrated rapprochement with the western science, but in the 21st century, it made a 'turn to the East'. This article aimed to reconstruct the models of the development of science oriented to the East and the West, as they are understood by students, as well as the model of the development of Russian science. The study collected empirical data through a questionnaire consisting of statements organized into four thematic blocks: traditional ideas about the development of science, focus on current trends, socio-economic deprivation, and sensitivity to political changes. The sample size consisted of 387 students from Voronezh, Kirov, Kursk, Moscow, and Nizhny Novgorod. A correlation analysis was conducted and models of science in Russia, East, and West were developed based on the results. The study concluded that students' ideas about science have already made a 'turn to the East'. The model of the 'science of the East' may be more similar to the model of Russian science due to the mechanism of social perception known as ingroup favoritism. The stereotyped image of science is often based on everyday experiences and media representations. Therefore, it is possible to influence geopolitical stereotypes about science through popular culture as well as international university events.
THE ETHNIC SECURITY DILEMMA AS AN ANALYTICAL MODEL OF CONFLICT: THE CASE OF THE CIVIL WAR IN CROATIA (1990–1995)
Authors:   INION RAS, Rastegaev D. O.
Published: November 2024

The article attempts to evaluate the heuristic potential of the ethnic security dilemma model on the basis of a comparison of different ways of examining the conflict in Croatia (1990 – 1995). The first section presents a dynamic model of the Croatian civil war, dividing it into phases, highlighting the incident of the conflict and its main turning points. The following section reviews the key points of works that study the conflict based on the ethnic security dilemma. These works are divided into two main groups: those who follow and those who criticize the ethnic security dilemma, as proposed by its creator B. Posen. Criticism of the provisions is mainly limited to challenging the key pillars of the model: anarchy as a phenomenon, the role of leadership in intergroup relations, and the role of identity in the process of conflict formation. The author identifies limitations of the ethnic security dilemma as an analytical model for ethnopolitical conflicts. These limitations include the absence of a unified model, insufficient grounds for unambiguous interpretation of conflict events, underestimation of external factors, and the possible absence of a relevant phenomenon. Identifying these limitations will help refine the ethnic security dilemma for a more objective analysis of ethnopolitical conflict.
ANALYSIS OF THE POSITIONS AND ATTITUDES OF THE GOVERNMENTS AND CITIZENS OF TURKIC SPEAKING STATES TOWARDS THE SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION OF RUS-SIA IN UKRAINE
Authors:   Institute for Central Asian Studies, School of Politics and International Relations, Yuyan Zhang
Published: November 2024

The main Turkic-speaking countries are deeply concerned about the Special Military Operation of Russia in Ukraine (abbreviated as "SMO") and have all declared neutrality. However, these states differ in how they view neutrality and how they deal with related issues. Studies show that the Turkish government pursues a policy of active neutrality and strives to act as a mediator in the SMO, while the Turkish people tend to promote contacts with Russia. The Azerbaijani government is maintaining a cautious neutrality aimed at securing its interests in Nagorno-Karabakh, while the citizens mainly support Ukraine. The neutral position of the Kazakh government is actually pro-Ukraine, pro-European and pro-US , while the people either support Russia or maintain neutrality. Uzbekistan's is trying to balance between Europe, the US, and Russia, and carries out de-Sovietization and de-Russification measures, yet its people are greatly influenced by Russia's infospace. The Kyrgyz government has insisted on negative neutrality, but the SMO has sparked an information war in Kyrgyz society. The differences in the official positions and the discrepancy between the official and public attitudes of the main Turkic-speaking states prevent them from elevating SMO policies to the level of the Organization of Turkic States, while increasing the possibility of adjusting their stances.
Links to bread and porridge in political cartoons of the Great Patriotic War
Authors:   Togliatti State University, Denisova Galina L.
Published: November 2024

The article studies links to images of bread and porridge in Kukryniksy’s political cartoons of the Great Patriotic War as one of constituents of the political discourse, and evaluates their role in expression of the main idea of a political cartoon as a creolized text. The paper is based on the idea of the addressness of the Great Patriotic War cartoons to the Russian language personality and takes into account the role of the addressee’s background knowledge in the process of decoding a message in the form of a political cartoon. The article underlines that bread and porridge have a particular place in the Russian culture, they belong to the markers of the Russian identity, and in the mind of the Russian language personality both of them are characterized by the spacious field of associative relations, which link to the wide range of meanings. The mentioning of bread and porridge in the cartoons of the Great Patriotic War makes it possible for cartoonists (1) to activate the notion ‘our daily meals’, which has place in the Russian culture, as the ground of our life in their addressee’s brain; (2) to form the opposition ‘native – foreign’, within which the notion ‘our daily meals’ projects onto the area of notions that are identified as ‘native’; (3) to bring the addressee of a political cartoon to the idea that it is necessary to punish the aggressor for his encroachment on something what doesn’t belong to him. The author arrives at a conclusion that by coding their message with help of iconic and verbal means cartoonists create projections onto the associative fields of the concepts BREAD and PORRIDGE using some metaphors and metonymy in order for actualization of associative relations between respective object representations and complicated abstract notions ‘means of subsistence’, ‘the important thing’, ‘vital to our life’, ‘wealth’, ‘national patrimony’, ‘our own’. Using associations, which are actuated in the mind of the Russian language personality at the mentioning of bread and porridge, cartoonists discuss complicated abstract notions from the foreign affairs and socio-economic areas of the social activity. Cartoonists’ play with the meanings of words porridge and kalatchi – kind of fancy loaf – in word combinations feed with porridge and receive for kalatchi (about punishment) drives the addressee of their message at the thought of the necessity to punish the aggressor. Usage of object representations as an instrument, as hooks, which allow cartoonists to take out the main idea of the message to the surface of addressee’s understanding built on his thesaurus, lexicon and background knowledge, makes it possible to speak about their substitutive function and application of vague allusion device in political cartoons. Moreover, in this way cartoonists present their message in an attractive and understandable form and create comical effect.
Songs by S. V. Rachmaninov: On the problem of classification
Authors:   College of «Art, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics», Li Eryong
Published: November 2024

In this article, the author for the first time offers his view on Rachmaninov’s romances and sets out their classification, obtained through a careful analysis of dramaturgy and poetics, taking into account the content and musical characteristics of the romances. Separate groups include lyrical romances, monologues, folklore, portrait sketches, pre-symbolist and symbolist. To date, no study has proposed a classification of romances based on convincing generalizations of their musical and content side.