bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cervical Disc Replacement: Trends, Costs, and Complications
Authors: Jain Nickul Saral , Nguyen Ailene , Formanek Blake , Alluri Ram , Buser Zorica , Hah Ray , Wang Jeffrey Chun
Published: March 2020

Study Design: Retrospective review of insurance database.Purpose: To investigate national trends, complications, and costs after cervical disc replacement (CDR) using an administrative insurance database representative of the United States population.Overview of Literature: As CDR continues to be used to treat patients with cervical stenosis, it is important to gain a better understanding of its use on a national level, potential complications, and cost. This information will allow for optimal patient counseling, risk stratification, and healthcare cost assessments. Several prior studies have investigated complications associated with CDR, but they have been limited by small sample size, single institution experiences, limited follow-up, and potential conflicts of interest.Methods: Patients who underwent single or multilevel CDR between 2007 and 2015 were identified using an insurance database. We collected data on annual trends, reimbursement costs, patient demographic information, hospital information, and information on complications from the time of operation to 1 year postoperative.Results: Total of 293 patients underwent either single or multilevel CDR. The number of procedures increased nonlinearly over time at an average of 17% per year, with a greater increase seen in the outpatient setting. Less than 3.7% of patients had new onset pain within 1 year after CDR. Within 1 year, 12.3% of patients reported a mechanical and/or bone-related complication. There were no patients who indicated a new nerve injury within 6 months of follow-up. Less than 3.7% of patients presented with dysphagia or dysphonia within 6 months, infection within 3 months, or a revision or reoperation within 1 year. Average reimbursement for single-level inpatient versus outpatient CDR was US $33,696.28 and US $34,675.12, respectively (p =0.29).Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the use of CDR continued to increase. The most common complication was mechanical and/or bone-related, and cost analysis demonstrated no significant difference between inpatient and outpatient CDR.
FEATURES OF LAND RECLAMATION AND PROTECTION DURING MINING IN THE KRASNOYARSK TERRITORY
Authors: Ivanova Olga Igorevna , Kozhukhovsky Aleksey Vasilevich
Published: March 2020

The purpose of the study is to influence land resources during mining operations, and the main stages of land reclamation during mining on the example of the Tyradinsky gold Deposit, the "Zolotaya Tyrada" quarry, located in the Yenisei region of the Krasnoyarsk territory. The main factors of impact on land resources in the process of mining the field are considered; the analysis of measures to reduce the negative impact on land resources in the process of mining the field is carried out. The actual height and area of overburden dump not to exceed project, the reconfiguration of dumps allowed us to reduce the impact of mining on the environment, to avoid placing parts of the dumps in the water protection zone of the river Terada, thus there is no need of land allocation to forests of the first group and reduced the amount of removed topsoil. During the reclamation, potentially fertile soils (loam) taken from the quarry were used. There will be no deterioration in the impact on land resources during the liquidation process, due to the short duration of the work and within the existing land allotment.
Influence of meteorological conditions on ripening of grape shoots in south areas of Western Siberia
Authors: Makarova G. A.
Published: March 2020

Introduced grape varieties were studied in the south of Western Siberia in order to identify the effects of unfavourable factors of the growing season on the ripening of grape shoots. Weather conditions in the south of Western Siberia during the vegetation periods 2012-2017 were characterized by large fluctuations in water and temperature conditions; there were sharp changes not only in different years, but also during one season. Compared with long-term average data, a significant increase of relative air humidity and the amount of precipitation was noted from May to September. In 2016-2017 sharp changes of the amount of precipitation by months were marked (dry June, over-moistened July). The most unfavorable weather conditions for grape crop were the conditions of the growing season of 2013 with excessive rainfall (410.3 mm), very low average monthly air temperatures in May, June, July, September and the sum of active temperatures (2031.7°C). Under the influence of meteorological conditions, the terms of the beginning of the studied phenological phase changed very significantly over the years (30-62 days). Shoots ripening in years with favourable weather conditions (2012, 2015) began from July 14-August 1, with unfavorable (2013, 2017) — September 11-15. In one grape variety, insignificant variability of the degree of the studied character was revealed by years, in two — medium, in eight — high. Shoots ripened better in warmer and less humid 2012 (66.8-94.1 %) and in 2015 (58.4-92.5 %). Varieties with very poor ripening (33.0-46.9 %) Arkady, Kodryanka, Tomaysky are unsuitable for cultivation under production conditions and recommended for cultivation in amateur gardens with additional shelter. Varieties with maximum ripening of shoots on average over the years were selected from the American group White Pearls, Latvian Pink (83.1-84.9 %), Amurian Adel, Vaskovsky Souvenir, Hasan Bousa (65.5-79.3 %).
Monitoring economic education of schoolchildren in Russia: status, issues and perspectives
Authors: Romanova Marina Yu.
Published: March 2020

The article analyzes the main ways of realization of economic education of Russian schoolchildren: within the economic component of the subject “social science”, the subject “Economics” at the basic and profile level, elective courses; analyzes the forms of monitoring of economic education of schoolchildren: the unified state exam in social science, the international study of financial literacy. As the study result, the author identifies some existing problems in the field of monitoring of economic education.
Philosophical education and psychology
Authors: Shelkovnikov Andrey Yu.
Published: March 2020

The article is dedicated to the specifics of modern philosophical education. The problem of methodical correlation between philosophy and psychology teaching is considered. One of the aspects of the subject under research is philosophical foundations of psychology. The article is intended for teachers of philosophy, psychology, and other humanities.
An Elusive Search for Peace: The Rise and Fall of the World Federation of Education Associations (WFEA), 1923-1941
Authors: Smaller Harry
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the aftermath of the First World War, the National Education Association in the USA actively organized to establish an international association of education associations. The founding conference was held in San Francisco in 1923, and first biennial conference of the newly-formed World Federation of Education Associations (WFEA) was held two years later in Edinburgh, Scotland. Although the organization was able to hold six subsequent biennial gatherings, attracting large delegations, almost from the outset it seemed to be riven by tension and dissent, both internal and external. As a result, it did not even survive its second decade, disappearing from view during the Second World War. This paper explores the rise and fall of the WFEA, suggesting that the seeds of its failure were sown even during its inaugural gatherings.RésuméÀ la suite de la Première Guerre mondiale, la National Education Association aux États-Unis travailla activement afin d’établir une association internationale des associations d’éducation. La fondation a eu lieu à San Francisco en 1923 et le premier congrès biennal de la nouvelle World Federation of Education Associations (WFEA) se déroula deux ans plus tard à Édimbourg en Écosse. Malgré le fait que la Fédération ait pu tenir six congrès biennaux attirant d’importantes délégations, l’organisme fut affaibli dès ses débuts par des tensions et des désaccords internes et externes. En conséquence, la Fédération n’a pu survivre très longtemps et disparut durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Cet article retrace la montée et la chute de la WFEA et démontre que les germes de son échec étaient présents lors de ses premières réunions.
The Imagined Space of Academic Life: Leacock, Callaghan, and English-Canadian Campus Fiction in Canada, 1914-1948
Authors: Panayotidis E. Lisa , Stortz Paul
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTSince the earliest establishment of universities in Canada, campuses have been the backdrop against which students, professors, administrators, and staff negotiated an important part of their daily lives. Through interpretive and contextual historical understandings, members of the public and the university community visually and discursively constructed the campus but they were in turn also intensely shaped by it. This article examines two seminal fictional accounts that depict the historical Canadian university campus: chapter 3 of Stephen Leacock’s Arcadian Adventures with the Idle Rich (1914) and Morley Callaghan’s The Varsity Story (1948). As part of a broader genre of campus fiction, these works focus on the symbolic cultural meanings and experiences that were ascribed to the natural and built environment of the university. These books were narrated through fictional actors and imbue the geography and space of the campus and one’s lived experiences with moral significance, a tapestry on which historical academic and intellectual worlds unfolded.RÉSUMÉDepuis la création des universités au Canada, les campus ont fait l’objet de négociations par les étudiants, les professeurs, les administrateurs et le personnel administratif pour l’amélioration d’une partie importante de leurs conditions de vie au quotidien. À travers le temps et grâce à des ententes et à des échanges mutuels, la population en général et la communauté universitaire ont d’une manière régulière ou sporadique façonné les campus, mais en retour en ont été fortement influencées. Cet article analyse deux créations littéraires renommées qui ont décrit l’histoire des campus universitaires canadiens. La première se trouve dans le chapitre trois de l’œuvre de Stephen Leacock, Arcadian Adventures with the Idle Rich (1914) et l’autre provient du livre de Marley Callaghan intitulé The Varsity Story (1948). Ces textes font partie d’un genre plus vaste qui englobe les fictions universitaires et mettent l’accent sur les significations culturelles symboliques et les expériences attribuées à l’environnement naturel et construit de l’université. Des personnages fictifs relatent ces histoires dans le décor géographique et spatial des campus où ils vivent des expériences ayant une implication morale. Un tableau dans lequel se déploient les univers académiques et intellectuels.
Acrometástase de Carcinoma de Células Escamosas do Esôfago: Relato de Caso
Authors: Freitas de Figueiredo Dias Levindo Tadeu , Braga Ferreira Figueiredo Silvana Maria , Santos Aguiar Monção Carolline , Araújo Ribeiro Jeniffer , Antunes Lopes Isis Gabriella , Lima Monção Carlos Rafael
Published: March 2020

Introdução: Neoplasias metastáticas para as mãos são raras, representando aproximadamente 0,1 % de todo o envolvimento ósseo metastático e mais excepcionalmente de tumores gastrointestinais, como o carcinoma de esôfago. Objetivo: Relatar um caso atípico de neoplasia de esôfago de células escamosas com acrometástase para mão. Relato de caso: Homem, 48 anos, com quadro clínico de disfagia progressiva. Submetido a endoscopia digestiva alta que revelou lesão ulcerada de bordas elevadas, medindo aproximadamente 12 mm no seu maior diâmetro, com biópsia, que confirmou carcinoma de células escamosas pouco diferenciado e invasor, Grau III. Realizada esofagectomia após quimioterapia e radioterapia neoadjuvante. Após dois anos do procedimento cirúrgico, paciente evolui com edema, eritema leve e dor local em punho e mão esquerda, restringindo movimentos dos primeiro e terceiro quirodáctilos. Radiografia com extensas lesões osteolíticas, cintilografia óssea com atividade óssea aumentada. Biópsia local confirmou carcinoma de células escamosas metastático em partes moles, de foco primário do esôfago. Conclusão: Metástase óssea de extremidade no carcinoma de esôfago e rara. Com aumento da longevidade dos pacientes oncológicos, novas propedêuticas devem ser discutidas na detecção precoce das metástases ósseas.
O Estresse Psicossocial do Enfermeiro em Oncologia: uma Análise a partir da Escala Desequilíbrio Esforço-Recompensa
Authors: Machado Piereck de Sá Graciela , Nascimento Pereira de Farias Sheila , Fernandes Portela Luciana , Harter Griep Rosane , Rotenberg Lúcia
Published: March 2020

Introduction: This study examines the psychosocial stress in oncology nurses according to the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model. This model is based on the relationship between efforts and rewards generated in the workplace and it is being used in occupational epidemiology research worldwide. Objective: To identify the factors associated with psychosocial stress among nurses. Method: We used the database of a cross-sectional study entitled “Nurses Health Study”, conducted in the 18 largest hospitals in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro between 2010 and 2011. This study was approved by the research ethics committees of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, the National Institute of Cancer and the School of Nursing Anna Nery. The present investigation included 211 (94%) nurses from the National Institute of Cancer. Data collection was based on a comprehensive self-administered questionnaire that included the ERI scale and questions on socio-demographic data, occupational variables and questions about health and health habits. Statistical analyses were based on the multivariate logistic regression. Adjusted odds ratios and respective 95% confidence interval were presented. Results: Younger nurses are approximately three times more likely to have a high ERI in comparison to older nurses (OR: 3,17; IC95%1,59-6,31); those who had the intention to leave their jobs have 13.26 more chance to have a high ERI (OR: 13,26; IC95%4,27-41,16). Conclusion: Younger nurses and those nurses who reported intention to leave their jobs have greater imbalance between effort expended and reward received at work. The issue of psychosocial stress at work deserves more attention, especially among oncology nurses.
A importância dos registros de enfermagem para auditoria no centro cirúrgico
Authors: Costa Leonam Rodrigues
Published: March 2020

A Auditoria hospitalar é indispensável para avaliar os serviços fornecidos ao cliente, mensurar a assistência de enfermagem e reduzir as glosas hospitalares. No âmbito da unidade cirúrgica, a Auditoria não só identifica falhas nos registros de enfermagem, como também possibilita um melhor gerenciamento das contas médicas, possibilitando a prestação de serviços de excelência aos pacientes. Tendo isso em vista, o presente artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão bibliográfica acerca da importância dos registros de enfermagem no processo de Auditoria no bloco cirúrgico. Então, para cumprir esse objetivo, metodologicamente, fez-se a coleta e leitura de artigos oriundos das bases de dados de Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), Scielo e PubMed e que atendessem aos seguintes requisitos: publicações nacionais e internacionais em formato de artigo e disponibilizadas na íntegra e com os descritores “auditoria”, “enfermagem” e “centro cirúrgico”.

Palavras-Chave: Auditoria Hospitalar, enfermagem, unidade cirúrgica, glosas hospitalares.
STATUS RESISTENSI LARVA AEDES SP TERHADAP LARVASIDA SEBAGAI FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE DI WILAYAH BUFFER PELABUHAN LAUT TANJUNG PERAK SURABAYA
Authors: Rachmawati Fawandi Eta
Published: March 2020

Pelabuhan baik darat maupun udara selain sebagai pintu masuk orang, alat dan barang juga sebagai media transportasi vektor penyebab penyakit dalam siklus penularan penyakit pada manusia khususnya penyakit demam berdarah. Vektor penyakit (Aedes aegypti) dapat berpindah dari daerah endemis ke daerah lain akibat terbawa oleh barang atau alat angkut dari adanya aktifitas di pelabuhan. IHR 2005 menyatakan wilayah perimeter pelabuhan harus terbebas dari jentik dengan House Index (HI)=0. Pada wilayah buffer nilai House Index (HI) >1, jika melebihi dari angka tersebut maka diharuskan melakukan upaya pengendalian vektor. Dari fenomena tersebut peneliti ingin mengetahui status resistensi dari larva Aedes Sp di wilayah buffer pelabuhan Tanjung Perak Surabaya. Penelitian bersifat eksperimen murni dengan rancangan Postest Only with Control Group Design menggunakan metode susceptibility test WHO. Pengambilan data menggunakan metode purposive sampling di wilayah buffer pelabuhan Tanjung Perak. Jumlah larva yang mati saat percobaan dilakukan perhitungan nilai LC 50, LC 90 dan LC 99 menggunakan regresi logistik Probit test, sehingga dapat diketahui nilai Resistance Ratio (RR) Nilai RR larva Aedes Sp di wilayah buffer termasuk dalam kategori rentan hingga resisten sedang. Penggunaan larvasida temephos masih bisa dilakukan di wilayah buffer, namun perlu upaya edukasi kepada masyarakat di wilayah pelabuhan agar dapat menggunakan larvasida dengan aman dan tepat guna.
FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PERILAKU PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF DI KELURAHAN PEGIRIAN KECAMATAN SEMAMPIR KOTA SURABAYA
Authors: Erfiyani Ria Indah
Published: March 2020

AKI dan AKB merupakan salah satu indikator untuk mengetahui status kesehatan masyarakat. Air Susu Ibu (ASI) eksklusif merupakan upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk menurunkan AKB. ASI merupakan makanan pertama untuk bayi yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan nutrisi dalam enam bulan pertama kehidupan. Kebanyakan masyarakat Indonesia masih memberikan makanan tambahan kepada bayi usia 0-6 bulan. Padahal, keberhasilan pemberian ASI eksklusif berperan penting terhadap kelangsungan pemberian ASI pada bayi sampai usia 2 tahun. Oleh karena itu, peneliti tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian mengenai faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku pemberian ASI eksklusif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional yang dilakukan di wilayah RT 06 RW 02 Kelurahan Pegirian Kecamatan Semampir Kota Surabaya pada bulan Januari 2018. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder dari kegiatan Praktik Kerja Lapangan (PKL) Mahasiswa FKM Universitas Airlangga. Subjek penelitian merupakan wanita usia subur (WUS) berusia 15-49 tahun yang telah menikah dan pernah memiliki anak. Data yang digunakan merupakan data status bekerja, tingkat pendidikan, serta pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku ibu terkait ASI eksklusif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara status bekerja (p value 0,958) dan tingkat pendidikan (p value 0,753) dengan perilaku pemberian ASI eksklusif. Ada hubungan antara pengetahuan (p value 0,008) dan sikap (p value 0,047) dengan perilaku pemberian ASI eksklusif. Kesimpulan yang didapatkan adalah terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan dan sikap dengan perilaku pemberian ASI eksklusif. Hal tersebut terjadi karena pengetahuan akan membentuk sikap, kemudian sikap akan membentuk perilaku untuk memberikan ASI eksklusif.
Evaluation of Seismic Performance of Improved Rocking Concentrically Braced-frames with Zipper Columns
Authors: Irani Sarand Nasim , Jalali Abdolrahim
Published: March 2020

Concentrically braced frames (CBFs) as one of well-known stiff and common lateral force resisting systems often show limited ductility capacity under severe earthquakes. This study proposes rocking zipper braced frame (RZBF) to improve the drift capacity of CBFs which is based on combination of rocking behavior and zipper columns. In the RZBF system, rocking behavior permit the braced frame to uplift during the earthquake and then restoring force induced through post-tensioned bars self-center the frame to its initial state. Also, zipper columns can decrease the concentration of damage by distributing the unbalance force at the mid bay over the frame’s height. To assess the performance of RZBF, a comparison study is carried out considering CBF, rocking concentrically braced frame, zipper braced frame and RZBF. For this purpose, some frames structures are designed and nonlinear time history analysis conduct under a set of earthquake records. Seismic responses such as roof drift ratio, gap opening at the column-base interface, forces of top story braces and post-tensioned bars are taken into consideration. The results show that the proposed RZBF has better performance among the others and zipper columns can improve the behavior of rocking systems.
Znaczenie postaw wobec kulturowych ról płci, rodzinnego wzorca pracy matek oraz podziału obowiązków domowych i rodzicielskich dla zatrudnienia matek małych dzieci w Polsce
Authors: Kocot-Górecka Katarzyna , Kurowska Anna
Published: March 2020

The paper presents estimation results of a logistic regression developed in order to explore such predictors of employment of mothers with children up to 14 years old in Poland as maternal attitudes towards cultural gender roles, a parental family of a working mother and sharing household and childcare duties between parents. The analysis was based on the data from the first wave of the Generations and Gender Survey (GGS-PL1). It was found that the family pattern of a working mother significantly increased the chances of employment of her daughter having her own offspring. Egalitarian attitudes towards gender roles have not proved to be a significant predictor of maternal employment. However, the stronger mother’s approval of the statement that “a small child suffers when his/her mother works” was, the lower the likelihood was of her employment. A larger number of children turned out to be a stimulus for maternal employment when the division of responsibilities between partners and the extent of informal childcare use were controlled for in the model.
O wybranych konsekwencjach nietypowych form zatrudnienia w świetle wywiadów jakościowych
Authors: Róg-Ilnicka Joanna
Published: March 2020

Selected results of the qualitative research about social and individual consequences of non – typical forms of employment are presented. The research was carried out in the Lubuskie voivodship in 2011. They seem to show that the inhabitants of this province are aware of advantages and disadvantages of the flexible labour market.

For some people flexible job contracts offer a chance to create self-made careers. Some people declare flexible jobs as a substitute under a lack of full-time jobs in searching for job. They understand that flexible jobs counteract unemployment and guarantee any income. However, they complain about uncertainty related the contract duration, income, and irregular work intensity. There are also opinions that when combined with a stable contract non-typical forms of employment offer opportunities to stabilize a financial situation.
Społeczno-ekonomiczne predyktory poglądów kobiet i mężczyzn dotyczących kulturowych ról płci w Polsce
Authors: Kocot-Górecka Katarzyna
Published: March 2020

Fertility decline in developed countries over recent five decades and persisting low fertility in the remarkable number of countries are increasingly attributed to changing gender roles, particularly to incompatibilities between institutional adjustments of individual- and family- oriented institutions as well as within the family and changing perceptions on social roles of women and men. These arguments are voiced also when debating on low fertility in Poland. The article focuses on perceptions of gender roles and their diversity across population groups which differ by socio-demographic attributes. Additionally, possible influences of parental home on opinions about gender roles are accounted for.

The data coming from the Generations and Gender Survey, carried out in Poland in 2010/2011, made it possible to define two synthetic variables which described attitudes towards gender equality in the social sphere and in the private sphere (a responsibility for a child). Descriptive results confirmed findings of other studies: the gender attitudes are more diversified among women than men, especially as regards gender equality in the social sphere, women show more egalitarian attitudes than men, and within an age increase a social approval for gender equality declines.

The generalized linear mixed models of two synthetic gender variables were used to identify predictors of gender attitudes across two birth cohorts of women and men – those born either in the years 1950–1969 or in the years 1970–1989. Among individual characteristics education, religiosity and place of residence were found out – as expected – the main predictors of gender attitudes. Contrary to expectations, labour market status, marital status and a number of children did not always play a significant role for distinguished cohorts of men and women. Economic activity showed its impact on women’s gender attitudes only. There are also some signs that in the 1970–1989 cohorts younger people are less in favour of gender equality than those over 30 years of age.

Parental home attributes (place of residence at age 15, mother’ education and mother’s economic acitivity, number of siblings, and religiosity) were displayed as relevant predictors of gender attitudes for both birth cohorts of men and women.
Developments of employment by broad age-groups in Poland in the years 1998–2008. Do their determinants differ?
Authors: Grabowska Izabela
Published: March 2020

The latest Eurostat projections show that both population and labour force ageing change employment profiles by age in the European Union countries even in case of an increase in labour force participation and employment (The 2012 Ageing Report). My research question is how basic individual (such as age, education, household position, place of residence) and contextual characteristics (such as the business cycle and the regional labour market situation) influence on employment opportunities in Poland. I test whether the impact of different factors varies with age, which has been categorized to reflect different stages of the life course: youth and young adults (15–29 years old), prime aged (30–54 years old), and older workers (for women: 55–59, for men: 55–64). To answer the research question three types of multilevel logistic models were applied: (a) general models with age as one of the basic determinants, (b) models for each age group for non-agriculture and agriculture. The data used come from the Polish Labour Force Survey (BAEL) of the years 1998–2008 and regional labour market data.

The analysis reveals that there are differences in influence of individual and context variables on employment odd ratios between age groups, sex and employment sectors.
Umieralność z przyczyn nieznanych i niedokładnie określonych oraz jej trwałe zróżnicowanie terytorialne w Polsce
Authors: Fihel Agnieszka , Muszyńska Magdalena , Wróblewska Wiktoria
Published: March 2020

An effective health policy can be only conducted on the basis of complete and up-to-date statistical data referring to, among others, causes of deaths. The share of deaths due to unknown and ill-defined causes constitutes one of quality indicators of data on mortality. As compared to other European countries, in Poland this share is relatively high, especially in some regions of the country. Presented analysis is devoted to spatial differences of mortality due to unknown and ill-defined causes in 1991–1995 and 2006–2010. Despite the introduction of the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, as well as despite the modernization of data collecting system in 1997, spatial differences remained at a constant and moderate level, which probably results from the prevalence of local coding practices. We propose possible solutions that could contribute to decrease in share of death due to unknown and ill-defined causes in Poland, among them standardization of local coding procedures concerning causes of death.
Wydłużenie aktywności zawodowej czy przejście na emeryturę? Studium mikroekonomiczne
Authors: Wiktorowicz Justyna
Published: March 2020

The ageing of societies has recently become one the most important phenomena shaping social policy in Poland and other developed countries. At the same time, it is becoming increasingly clear that ageing should not be perceived only in terms of threats. Silver economy, age management, and lifelong learning are the notions that

become acknowledged by various labour market and social policy stakeholders. The rationale behind these ideas is to make the best use of the potential of people around the retirement, in line with the life cycle concept, but also of new social needs that arise with an increasing proportion of people aged 50+ in the society, and with considerably improving quality of their lives.

The discussion presented in the article is limited to problems in extending working life of Poles. The aim of this paper is analysis of the factors influencing the extension of the working life in Poland, from an individual perspective, i.e. by looking at the reasons of individual decisions of people close to the retirement age. The article is both theoretical and empirical in nature, presenting a review of studies including the support for the economic activity of “older” workers, coupled with the outcomes of a statistical analysis carried out in the project „Equal opportunities in the labour market for people aged 50+”.
Ludzie bardzo starzy – niewidoczna grupa docelowa polityki społecznej?
Authors: Szukalski Piotr
Published: March 2020

The next decades will see a sharp increase in the number of the oldest old in Poland. The increase in the number of people aged 80 years and more will be caused both by the cohort factors, as well as by a decrease in the probability of dying at advanced and very advanced age. The paper is focused on the results of official population forecasts for the oldest old and on the related challenges that should be treated as important by social policy decision makers. Particular attention is paid to surviving to the age of eligibility for receiving long-term care services, changes in health status of the oldest old, factors affecting the range of family care, and to circumstances of death.
Couples’ socioeconomic resources and completed fertility in Poland
Authors: Osiewalska Beata
Published: March 2020

Recently, a growing number of studies have examined the impact of educational level and educational enrolment on the childbearing behaviour of both sexes. At the same time, other socioeconomic characteristics, such as educational field or occupation, are usually neglected or, if included, focus only on women. This study aims at analyzing how socioeconomic resources of both partners in a couple affect their completed fertility in a relatively gender-conservative country – Poland. As a representative of the postsocialist European countries, Poland is an interesting case study, in which women are often double burdened and the conditions to develop a family are more difficult. Since behavioural drivers could differ between parents and childless couples, the Bayesian Zero-Inflated Poisson model consisting of two states (childlessness and parenthood) is applied. The first-wave Generations and Gender Survey (GGS) data for Poland from 2011 are used. The results confirm that including both partners’ socioeconomic resources in the model increases the ability to characterise couples’ childbearing behaviour. In particular, the occupation of both partners occurs to have a substantial influence on their completed family size.
Pomiar dyspersji wieku w momencie zgonu. Przyczynek do analizy kompresji umieralności w Polsce
Authors: Wróblewska Wiktoria
Published: March 2020

The article presents the life-table dispersion measures and analysis results for Poland with special regard to the process of mortality compression. The following measures were analysed: Gini coefficient, average inter-individual difference in age at death, modal age at death, inter-quartile range, standard deviation above the modal age at death, person-years lost (e-dagger) and index of mortality entropy. The empirical analysis employed data for the years 1958–2014 derived from the Human Mortality Database (HMD).

The observed tendency towards reduction in the dispersion of age at death was not uniform during the 50 year span analysed and actually stagnated in certain periods. In particular, the results for the male population do not indicate a definite trend towards reduction in mortality dispersion. The results for the female population demonstrate a reduction in age dispersion at death among women over time with regard to all measures, with the modal age at death advancing towards progressively older age groups.

The dispersion measures utilised in this study and the results can be used in further research on mortality compression in Poland.
Wpływ czasu pracy na zdrowie – podejścia badawcze i studium przypadku Francji
Authors: Domański Rafał
Published: March 2020

In recent decades, many publications devoted to the relationship between working time and health have been written. Available sources characterise different methodological approaches and different research perspectives, and the conclusions presented have not been unequivocal yet. The literature refers to both direct research on the impact of working time on health and to descriptions of wider phenomena indirectly related to the issue. Most studies in this area face a potential bias of the sample and the problem of the inverse causality of the impact of working time on health. Due to the reform of the labour law in France that shortened working time while maintaining a constant income, the analysis of the impact of working time on health carried out on the example of this country has overcome the difficulties faced by previous publications in the area. It has been shown that the reduction in working time has positively contributed to the health of the French.
New, precarious adulthood: kidults in the ‘crowded nest’
Authors: Bieńko Mariola
Published: March 2020

In the period of young adulthood, i.e., between ages 18–20 and 30–35, the coupling of the duties, goals, and ambitions connected with various life activities takes place, these being in education, participation in the labour market, self-supporting a household, starting a family, becoming a parent, and active participation in the social life. The social and cultural as well as economic changes that are occurring nowadays affect the course of family life as well as the stages of individual development. One of these stages refers to a young adult leaving the family home. However, it is more and more often the case that this moment gets deferred. Research conducted by sociologists and demographers in the recent years shows that the growing share of young people in industrialised countries choose to live with their parents in spite of their adult age. The increase in young adults staying in the family home in the recent years has led to the term ‘nesters’ being coined for them, while the effect of their bond with their guardians being stretched in time is now referred to as the ‘crowded nest’ or ‘cluttered nest’. This article offers an insight into one of the components of the process of reaching adulthood, namely leaving parental home. The qualitative study (carried out in 2012 and 2013) combines statistical analyses and personal interviews; its results are based on 42 interviews with women and men aged between 27 and 38 who live with their parents in Warsaw, Poland. This interview-based analysis focuses on demonstrating the process of nesting of young adults and the interviewed persons’ perception of this behaviour.
Support for families in protecting the mental health of children
Authors: Wójta-Kempa Monika
Published: March 2020

The family can be a background of health crises and – at the same time – the greatest source of support for a child. It plays a crucial role in reducing the risk of disorders and increasing the psychological immunity of teenagers. The article presents a number of threats to the mental health of young people, derived from different research. Its main goal is to present the importance of the support system for parents and families in protection of children's mental health. Against this background, some parental errors and deficiencies are analysed as the reasons for ignoring the first symptoms of a child’s crisis. Support for the youth and their families should be provided not only from parents but also from teachers, pedagogues and their wider social environment. Many institutions, including medical staff, schools, governmental and non-governmental organisations may effectively support parents and caregivers in prevention and intervention in a situation of mental crisis. The article discusses the determinants of effective help for families experiencing mental health crises of children.
Transnational families in the light of the practice-based approach
Authors: Szyszka Małgorzata
Published: March 2020

Today, international migration is one of the main factors that determine functioning of families. Transnational families and transnational parenting are becoming increasingly more common and have been gaining considerable interest of researchers and social practitioners. One perspective that may be useful for examining transnational families is the practice-based approach. The concepts put forward by Morgan and Finch (‘doing’ and ‘displaying’ family) help to analyse families not as structures, but as everyday practices which constitute them (Morgan) and which must be associated with a system of meanings to be displayed (Finch). In the article, the analysis of transnational family practices will focus on the ‘tools’ for displaying (Finch) that are characteristic of transnational family life, and it will be based on the results of Polish and international studies. The article will discuss the tools proposed by Finch, such as physical objects or the use of narratives, as well as the use of technology in communication and taking care of children, as these practices are specific to transnational families. Those ‘tools’ for displaying show that transnational families are flexible, they are constantly happening, and by being embedded in broader systems of meanings, they become acceptable.
Teamwork and Leadership in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest – Do These Non-Technical Skills Require Attention?
Authors: Dagnell Adam John
Published: March 2020

The science of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is now well established and incorporated into training programs to maximise patient survival. There is an increased understanding that non-technical skills such as teamwork and leadership can play a vital role in improving CPR quality, patient outcomes and clinician occupational health. Despite this, these non-technical skills remain somewhat neglected in the context of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. With reference to the literature this commentary provides a discussion to reinforce the need for a greater focus to this area of practice and build a case for further research and training.
Лісотипологічна структура насаджень ботанічного заказника загальнодержавного значення «Юницький»
Authors: Yurchenko V. A.
Published: March 2020

Проведено лісотипологічний аналіз лісових насаджень із використанням електронної повидільної бази даних ВО «Укрдержліспроект», фондових і картографічних матеріалів та матеріалів безперервного лісовпорядкування. За даними лісовпорядкування на території заказника визначено 10 типів лісу. Найбільш розповсюдженим типом лісу є суха берестово-пакленова діброва, яка за площею займає 75,5 %. Ліси заказника розподілено на дві категорії захисності: пам’ятки природи – 552,9 га та протиерозійні ліси – 217,4 га, або 71,8 % і 28,2 % за площею відповідно. Деревостани, які належать до пристиглих, стиглих і перестійних за площею становлять 62,3 %. Деревостани ІІІ і нижчих класів бонітету становлять 83,6 %. Насадження вегетативного походження займають 38,7 % площі, насіннєвого штучного – 41,0 %. За санітарним станом більшість насаджень є сильно ослабленими. Причинами всихання деревостану є вплив жорстких кліматичних умов Степу, а також – на тлі ослаблення – наявність кореневих гнилей. Дослідженнями встановлено, що найстійкішим і найдовговічнішим деревним видом у зазначених умовах виявився дуб звичайний.
Фенологічні особливості в’язового листоїда в зелених насадженнях Харкова
Authors: Sokolova I. M.
Published: March 2020

У статті розглянуто фенологічні особливості в’язового листоїда Galerucella luteola Mül. на підставі дворічних (2018–2019 рр.) спостережень у насадженнях м. Харків та у лабораторних умовах. Залежно від погодних умов у Харкові можуть розвиватися 2–3 покоління жуків в’язового листоїда на рік. Жуки зимують у щілинах кори, дуплах чи в підстилці. Із місць зимівлі виходять під час розпускання листя на в’язах (наприкінці квітня –початку травня). Період відкладання яєць є подовженим, покоління перекриваються. Розвиток яєць триває 6–10 діб, личинок – 18–29, лялечок – близько 10 діб. За результатами проведених спостережень складено фенологічний календар.
Ріст і продуктивність порослевих осичників у свіжих і вологих грудах рівнинної частини України
Authors: Tkach V. P. , Vysotska N. Yu. , Kobets O. V.
Published: March 2020

За результатами аналізу повидільної бази даних ВО «Укрдержліспроект» змодельовано хід росту модальних порослевих осикових насаджень свіжого та вологого груду за природними зонами. Встановлено, що модальні порослеві осичники у грудових типах лісорослинних умов ростуть за І класом бонітету, а їхній запас у 70-річному віці сягає 345 м3·га-1 у Поліссі, 320 м3·га-1 у Лісостепу та 270 м3·га-1 у Степу. Підтверджено, що деревостани свіжих і вологих грудів є продуктивнішими, ніж деревостани у відповідних гігротопах сугрудових типів лісорослинних умов. Визначено різницю між запасами деревостанів сугрудів і грудів. В умовах Східного Полісся вона становить 1–2 %, в умовах Лісостепу збільшується до 11–15 %, а у Степу становить 3–9 %. Визначено вік кількісної стиглості осикових насаджень, який в обох типах лісорослинних умов становить 25–30 років.
Outcome of urethrocutaneous fistula repair after hypospadias surgery
Authors: Das Sahadeb Kumar , Hasina Kaniz , Huq Md Ashraf Ul , Alam SM Shafiqul , Adil Syed Abdul , Islam KMS
Published: March 2020

Background: Urethrocutaneous fistula is the most prevalent complication after urethroplasty. Many methods have been developed for correction, and the best technique is determined based on the size, location, and number of fistulas, as well as the status of the surrounding skin.

Objective: To compare the outcome of local dartos flap and tunnelled tunica vaginalis coverage in cases of repair of urethrocutaneous fistula.

Materials and Methods: In the period of 2015-2018, 51 patients with 51 fistulas with an average age of 81.3 months (range 21-156 months) were classified into coronal-19, distal penile-11, mid penile-14, proximal penile-5 and penoscrotal-2. Thirty six patients were repaired with local dartos flap coverage and 15 patients were repaired with tunnelled tunica vaginalis coverage.

Results: The repair was successful in all patients of tunica vaginalis coverage but 7 patients of dartos flap coverage developed recurrent fistulas (p value 0.066). There was no patient of scrotal complications. There were no statistically significant differences regarding age (p=0.83), location of fistula (p=0.40), size of fistula (p=0.29).

Conclusions: Though the result of this study with such a small sample was not statistically significant, tunica vaginalis coverage seems to be better than dartos flap coverage in preventing recurrence.

Bang Med J (Khulna) 2019; 52 : 3-6
Variation of electrolyte status in relation to the type of acute stroke patients
Authors: Das Biplob Kumar , Sarder Abdul Halim , Khanom Tahmida , Shaikh Md Shahin Akter , Islam Md Shahidul
Published: March 2020

Background: Stroke is considered as a major health problem and contributes to serious residual disability and death worldwide. Both serum sodium and potassium disturbance influence negatively on the overall outcome of stroke. There is limited data about electrolyte abnormality in acute stroke, especially from developing countries.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of electrolyte imbalance in relation to aetiological type of acute stroke patients admitted in hospital.

Methods: Total fifty three patients of stroke diagnosed clinically and confirmed by CT scan within 24 hours of onset & consecutively selected for the study after fulfillment of inclusion criteria in the inpatient department of Neuromedicine ward, KhuIna Medical College Hospital from January 2018 to July 2018. Baseline serum electrolytes were estimated along with other biochemical tests as needed. Data were collected and analysed.

Results: Fifteen (29%) of ischaemic stroke patients and 4 (8%) of haemorrhagic stroke patients had dyselectrolytaemia. Hyponatraemia was found in 15 (29%) of stroke patients. Hyponatraemia was more common in ischaemic stroke patients (22.6%) than haernorrhagic stroke patients (5.6%). In this study hypokalaernia was found in 3 (5.6%) cases of ischaemic stroke patients and 1 (1.88%) cases of haemorrhagic stroke patients.

Conclusion: The incidence of electrolyte disturbance was more in ischaemic stroke than in haemorrhagic stroke and most of which were hyponatraemia followed by hypokalaemia.

Bang Med J (Khulna) 2019; 52 : 12-15
Adolescent's life style behavior in relation to mother's education level
Authors: Paroi Silvia , Islam ABM Ariful , Lqbal SM Masum
Published: March 2020

Background: Unhealthy life style behavior of adolescents in developing countries like Bangladesh creates a tremendous public health burden. Mother's education is a particularly important factor affecting adolescent's life style behavior development.

Objectives: The study was done to find out the adolescent's life style behavior and their relation with mother's education level that reflected their knowledge level.

Methodology: This was a cross sectional descriptive study. Two hundred seventeen students were selected by systematic sampling method from adolescent (10-16 year) which was carried out among the students of Rev. Paul's high school, Khulna city from January 2015 to December 2015.

Results: Among 217 students, 81.1% student have good personal hygiene practices which was statistically tested that revealed that there was positive relation between mother's knowledge level and adolescent's personal hygiene behavior. It was found that majority (56.7%) have no sedentary habit, among them 62.9% respondent's mother have higher educational knowledge level. So it was revealed that higher education level of mother decreased their child's sedentary habit. It was found that 53.2% child did not like to read book which was statistically not significant. From this result it was found that 56% mothers who have higher educational knowledge level, there children liked to have exercise practice that was statistically significant.

Conclusion: The result might be helpful for developing awareness among adolescents as well as parents regarding unhealthy life style behavior of adolescents to reduce the risk of unusual health outcome.

Bang Med J (Khulna) 2019; 52 : 16-20