bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical evaluation and pharmacological screening of ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Pupalia lappacea for antihyperlipidemic and antihyperglycemic activities in alloxan induced diabetic Albino wistar rats
Authors: Farheen Mehnoor , Ramesh Chakrapani
Published: March 2018

Background: Diabetes is associated with damage to the liver, pancreas and kidney. The damage may vary among patients. This study assessed the hypoglycaemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of leaves ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Pupalia lappaceae in alloxan induced diabetic albino wistar rats.Methods: There were Fifty four rats divided into nine groups containing six rats each. Group 1 consists of normal rats that were given only normal saline and served as a control group. Group 2 consists of normal rats that were given alloxan monohydrate (150mg/kg b.w). Group 3 consists alloxan induced diabetic rats that were given daily sterile solution. glibenclamide+simvastatin (5mg/kg) Group 4 consists of alloxan induced diabetic rats that were given daily sterile solution, AEPL extract (100mg/kg). Group 5 consists of alloxan induced diabetic rats that were given daily sterile solution, drug extract AEPL (200mg/kg). Group 6 consists of alloxan induced diabetic rats that were given daily sterile solution, drug extract AEPL (400mg/kg) Group 7 consists of alloxan induced diabetic rats that were given daily sterile solution, drug extract EEPL (100mg/kg), Group 8 consists of alloxan induced diabetic rats that were given daily sterile solution, drug extract EEPL (200mg/kg) Group 9 consists of alloxan induced diabetic rats that were given daily sterile solution, drug extract EEPL (400mg/kg respectively for 21days by an intragastric tube with free access of food and water.Results: Chemical composition of the plant was estimated by GCMS technique several biochemical parameters were assessed. Oral administration of the extract resulted in significant reduction in mean values of blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, cholesterol ratio, LDL, VLDL, accompanied by increase in the mean value of the HDL in diabetic rats and histopathology of liver, pancreas, and kidney showed significant changes.Conclusions: The effects produced were closely similar to standard antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic drug. It can thus be concluded that the ethanolic and aqueous extract of Pupalia lappaceae exhibit antihyperlipidemic and antihyperglycemic activities in alloxan induced diabetes in rats.
Drug utilization study and prescribing patterns in psychiatry patients at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: M. Venkatesh Perumal , Bouddh Surendra Kumar , S. R. Nirmal , Deshpande Ashok , Singh Jai , Prabhu Natesh
Published: March 2018

Background: The Drug utilization research (DUR) compares drug use between different countries and regions and is used to assess the rationality of prescribing pattern of the drug therapy. With this background we decided to evaluate antipsychotic drugs prescribing pattern in the psychiatric patients in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: the study was carried out at Department of Psychiatry, DSMCH. It was open label, cross - sectional, prescribed Documents based study. Duration of the study was one month (May-2017). Out-Patient number, age, sex, diagnosis, prescribed generic name, brand name, dose, route of administration, duration of therapy obtained from the Prescription register of Out - Patient Department of the Psychiatry.Results: The clinical experiences of the Psychiatrist I, II and III were 17 years, 35 years and 10 years respectively. The Psychiatrist I, II and III prescribed treatment for 36 (31.9%), 61 (54%) and 16 (14.2%) patients respectively. Among overall (n=113) patients (average age 38.9 years), male n=56 (49.6%) and female=57 (50.4%) were treated by all the three psychiatrists. The percentage of prescription of various drugs used were: Escitalopram (15.7%), Clonazepam (14.6%), Sertraline (8.7%), Risperidone (7.5%), Propranolol (6.7%), Olanzapine (6.3%), Quetiapine (5.9%), Trihexyphenidyl (5.5%), Amitriptyline (5.1%) and Other prescribed drugs, were between (0.4 to 2.8%).Conclusions: From this study, it can conclude that rational usage of drugs were followed in this study. All three prescribers (Psychiatrist I, II, and III) prescriptions were found to be rationale.
Evaluation of effect of cholecystectomy on common bile duct diameter using ultrasonography and liver function test: a prospective study
Authors: Shreyas Bhalerao Shreyas Bhalerao , Batra Pooja , Utaal Maneshwar Singh , Sasan Chirag
Published: March 2018

Background:Different factors influencing the post cholecystectomy CBD diameter have been implicated. Ultrasound has emerged as a diagnostic imaging method of choice for liver and extrahepatic biliary system. In order to differentiate the diagnosis of asymptomatic bile duct dilatation, one needs to perform either MRCP or ERCP, which are both expensive and/or invasive test. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the physiological changes in bile duct after cholecystectomy to reduce unnecessary testing for early detection of bile duct lesions.Methods: 100 cases of gall stone disease undergoing cholecystectomy in the department of surgery were studied. Pre operative and Post operative Ultrasound whole abdomen with focus on CBD diameter and Liver function test were done, Post operative data was collected on 10th day and again after 3 months. The data was compiled, compared and analysed.Results:The mean preoperative diameter was 4.12 mm, postoperatively, the mean diameter of the CBD in early follow up period i.e. at 10th day and at 3 months, was found to be 4.75 and 5.14 mm respectively. The difference between mean preoperative and mean postoperative (10th day follow up) diameter was found to be 0.63 mm (p<0.01). The difference between mean preoperative and mean postoperative (3 months follow up) diameter was found to be 1.02 (p<0.01) mm, both statistically significant. Conclusions:Significant compensatory dilatation does occur in common bile duct diameter after cholecystectomy in most of the patients.
Solid organ injury in blunt trauma abdomen: an etiological evaluation and success rate of non-operative management
Authors: M. L. Ramachandra , S. R. Krishna
Published: March 2018

Background: Trauma remains the most common cause of death for all individuals between the ages of 1 and 44 years. 10% of these fatalities are attributable to abdominal injury. The Indian fatality rates for trauma are 20 times that for developed countries. The management of patients with blunt abdominal injury has evolved greatly over the last few decades from complete surgical management historically to present non operative management in most of the cases. In view of increasing number of road traffic accidents, rampant increase in construction work, accidental fall from height, this study is conducted to look into the causes of such incidents and also to strengthen the already established rules of non operative management in cases of blunt trauma abdomen.Methods: This is a prospective study of 53 patients who presented to K. R. Hospital, Mysuru, Karnataka, for management of blunt trauma abdomen over the period of January 2016 to June 2017. Unstable patients with initial resuscitation underwent Focused Assessment Sonography for Trauma. Failed resuscitation with free fluid in abdomen confirmed by FAST immediately shifted to operation theatre for laparotomy and proceed. Hemodynamically stable patients underwent computerized tomography of abdomen. Organ injuries were scaled according to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma and these patients were managed conservatively after ruling out hollow viscus perforation.Results: Majority of the patients belonged to male sex (85%) and of the age group 21-40 years constituting 58.3% of patients. Road traffic accident was the most common mode of injury which included 35 patients (66%). A total of 19 cases had splenic injury out of which 13 (68.5%) underwent non operative management and 6 (31%) underwent emergency Splenectomy. liver injury was present in 15 patients and all were managed conservatively. In total non operative management was done in 73.5% of cases and surgical management was done in 26.5% of cases.Conclusions: The presence of free fluid with organ injury always does not mandate laparotomy. Patient selection, early diagnosis and repeated clinical examination and use of appropriate investigations forms the key in non operative management of blunt trauma abdomen. RTA being the most common mode of injury, adequate measures should be taken to prevent road traffic accidents by strict action and traffic norms and citizen education.
Correlation of tumor size and immunohistochemistry status with lung metastasis in carcinoma breast
Authors: Gayathre S. P. , Maniselvi S.
Published: March 2018

Background: Breast cancer is common cancer among females in rural India and is rapidly catching up to cervical cancer in rural India. Metastasis can occur after the initiation of treatment or at the time of diagnosis. The stage at initial presentation and underlying biology of the tumor has an impact on prognosis and metastasis of the tumor. The objective of the study was to study the correlation between tumor size and lung metastasis and to find the correlation between ER, PR status, and lung metastasis.Methods: This study was conducted in 82 patients with breast carcinoma coming to the department of the general surgery and oncology at Government Stanley Medical College and Hospital. Details of cases and full history obtained. Routine blood investigations were done. Tumor size is evaluated by clinical examination and imaging. For all patients, core needle biopsy is done to confirm the diagnosis and receptor status. IHC status of the tumor is obtained from the pathologist. Presence of lung metastasis documented by CECT chest.Results: In this study, the prevalence rate of lung metastasis in carcinoma breast patients is 9.75% Total number of Carcinoma Breast are 82, in which lung metastasis is seen in 8 cases and CECT chest is normal in 74 patients. The prevalence rate of lung metastasis in ER-positive patients is 9.90%. The prevalence rate of lung metastasis in ER-negative patients is 10.81%. The prevalence rate of metastasis in PR positive patients is 9.52%. The prevalence rate of metastasis in PR negative patients is 10%. Of 34 cases with HER-2 positive status 3 patients presented with lung metastasis with a prevalence rate of 8.82%. Of 48 cases with HER-2 negative status 5 cases presented with lung metastasis with a prevalence rate of 10.42%.Conclusions: In this study prevalence of lung metastasis in carcinoma breast is 9.75%. There seems to be no correlation between ER, PR and HER-2 neu status and lung metastasis. There is also no correlation between clinically T2 and T3 tumors and lung metastasis. Whereas clinically T4 tumors seem to have a higher incidence of lung metastasis.
Correlation of coagulation markers with axillary lymph node metastasis in carcinoma breast
Authors: Rajendran G. , Aravind D. , Venkatesh Prasanna , Anandan Heber
Published: March 2018

Background: Lymph node metastasis has been shown to be the most important prognostic marker for carcinoma breast. Lymph node involvement is not only a prognosis marker, but also an important guiding factor in deciding surgical plan as well as postoperative therapy. The aim of the study was to assess role of coagulation markers (D-dimer and factor VIII) value as predictive markers of lymph node metastasis in breast cancerMethods: A prospective study was conducted in the Department of Surgery in with help of Departments of Biochemistry, Pathology and Radiology, KAPV&MGMGH, Trichy. 50 female patients who were diagnosed and treated as carcinoma breast in the department of surgery, MGMGH Trichy. The following variables were studied: 1. Age of patient 2. TNM stage of patients. 3. D-dimer levels 4. Factor VIII levels.Results: There was statistically significant relationship between mean values of D-dimer and factor VIII levels and advancing stage of disease, number of pathological axillary lymph node involved, increase in histological grade of tumor, Lymphovascular invasion.Conclusions: D-dimer and factor VIII may be used as yardstick for systemic adjuvant therapy in patients with node negative, <1 cm carcinoma breast. D-dimer may prove to be a safe, convenient and easily available biomarker which can be combined with conventional sentinel node biopsy in clinically node negative breast cancer to assess metastatic-disease in axilla and reduce false negative results.
Spectrum of clinical presentation of abdominal tuberculosis and its surgical management
Authors: Shukla Samir , Kumar Krishna
Published: March 2018

Background: Objective was to study the incidence, spectrum of clinical features, management-conservative or surgical and its outcome in patients of abdominal tuberculosis.Methods: It is retrospective study including 262 patients were part of this study conducted from January 2013 to December 2017 with a diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis carried out in Gandhi medical college associated Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.Results: The patients were mostly females and from age group 21-40 years. The most common clinical symptom was abdominal pain and the sign was tenderness, least common was lump in abdomen. Most patients were treated by operative procedure in comparison to conservative management. Most common intraoperative finding was ileal stricture while the least one being splenic abscess and the commonest procedure done was laparotomy with resection and anastomosis and the least was splenectomy. Most patients come in emergence rather than electively. The mortality was about 3.8% i.e. 10 patients.Conclusions: In conclusion despite of so much advances in medicine incidence of abdominal tuberculosis seems to be increasing which is evident with current reports. The delay in treatment leads to increase morbidity and mortality because of difficulty in diagnosing the disease due to its varied clinical presentation mimicking other abdominal condition. A high index of suspicion should always be kept in mind for the early diagnosis of this completely treatable disorder.
A prospective study to assess clinical profile and golden period for operative intervention in patients with perforation peritonitis
Authors: Malik Sandeep , Singh Amandeep , Sidhu Darshan Singh , Nagpal Nitin , Sharma Deepika
Published: March 2018

Background: Perforation peritonitis constitutes one of the most common surgical emergencies encountered by surgeons. Even with modern treatment, diffuse peritonitis carries a high morbidity and mortality rate.Methods: The prospective study was conducted at department of surgery on 50 patients of perforation peritonitis admitted in emergency department of hospital. Detailed history, clinical examination and investigations were carried out. Patients were operated upon and findings were noted. Comparisons were done for postoperative ICU stay, morbidity/ mortality, oral feed and total hospital stay between the patients who reported within 24 hours and after 24 hours of onset of symptoms to determine golden period for operative intervention.Results: Out of total 50 patients, 21(42%) patients presented within 24 hrs of onset of first symptom of perforation while 29(58%) patients presented after 24 hours. Postoperative ICU stay, morbidity/ mortality, delay in oral feed and total hospital stay was statistically more in patients presenting after 24 hours.Conclusions: It can be concluded that the golden period of 24 hrs between the onset of symptom and start of treatment is the most important factor to determine the outcome.
Unlucky patient combining two rarities: sigmoid colon cancer mimicking appendicular abscess and pseudomembranous colitis involving the small bowel
Authors: Sale Amro , Saeed Mirza Faraz , Mazin Essam , Almahmeed Ebrahim A. , Ali Ali Asgar Hatim , Ali Hussain Abbas Hatim , Naseem Ayesha , Yikilmaz Ali
Published: March 2018

We report a case of an extremely rare presentation of a sigmoid carcinoma, which presented as an appendicular abscess along with pseudomembranous colitis involving the small bowel. Colo-rectal carcinoma has presented as abdominal wall abscess in the past, but to the best of our knowledge, an incident of colo-rectal carcinoma presenting as an appendicular abscess and later developing pseudomembranous colitis involving the small bowel has never been reported. Such patients’ condition is potentially curable if detected early through careful history taking, examination, investigations and regular screening programs.
Diaphragmatic hernia into the pericardium: case report
Authors: Esparza-Lara Fernando Alvaro , Quiroga-Garza Alejandro , Guzman-Lopez Santos
Published: March 2018

Laparoscopic approach for diaphragmatic hernias has proven to be superior to open surgery, however debate between thoracoscopy versus transperineal laparoscopy continues. Author report the case of a 66 years old man with a rare congenital larrey hernia that protrudes into the pericardium. Abdominal laparoscopic surgery was performed with successful reduction of content and repair of defect, placing a composite mesh and drain. Follow-up was uneventful. The review of literature revealed this as a rare atraumatic peritoneal-pericardium hernia. Author demonstrate an abdominal laparoscopic approach as a safe and adequate technique in such case.
Buerger’s disease in female: rare case report
Authors: Bhoyate Abhijit A. , Priya R. Lekshmi , Tripathi Vidyanand , Agrawal Piyushkumar , Moirangthem G. S.
Published: March 2018

Thromboangiitis obliterans (Bureger’s disease) is a vascular disease characterized by a segmental, non-atherosclerotic inflammation of the small and medium-sized arteries and veins of the distal extremities mostly affecting young male smokers and rarely females. Only a few cases with histologic proof of the disease in females have ever been recorded in literature. We report a rare case of Buerger’s disease in a 55 years old female.
A rare case of carcinoma rectum with scalp metastasis: an unusual presentation
Authors: Abraham Amal , K. Krishnaprasad , G. P. Praveen , Vikas Shankar , N. Keerthi
Published: March 2018

Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and third leading cause of cancer death in both men and women in the world. Metastasis is common in case of carcinoma rectum due to the late arrival of the patient to the doctor. The common sites for metastasis are liver, lung or ovary. But metastasis to the scalp is very rare. A 65-year-old female patient who presented to the casualty with sub-acute intestinal obstruction of four days duration was managed conservatively. Incidentally the patient noticed a swelling over the scalp which was initially of size 1 × 1 cm which progressed to the size of 3 × 3 cm over a period of 2 weeks. FNAC from the swelling showed features of skin adnexal tumor. Excision of the swelling was done, and histopathological examination revealed features of metastatic adenocarcinoma. Colorectal carcinoma can be controlled or treated with frequent screening of any individual who has crossed 50 years with occult stool for blood or by colonoscopy. In this way metastasis can be controlled if we treat at the early stages.
Emotions at work and mental health: emerging directions
Authors: Devdutt Janhavi , Mehrotra Seema
Published: March 2018

The present paper aims to present a brief overview of research on emotions at the workplace, and its relevance for mental health. Studies have been carried out linking emotions at work to various indices of well-being at work as well as to multiple health outcomes. The scope and utility of research focusing on day-to-day affective experiences is highlighted through studies using affective events theory as a guiding framework. There is a relative dearth of studies on emotion regulation processes at work, specifically on interpersonal regulation of emotions in work life as well as on regulation of positive emotions. Despite a boom in research on the magnitude of mental health issues at workplace and its wide-ranging implications, there is insufficient integration of research on emotions and mental health at work, with these two related strands of research evolving rather independently of each other. The overview points out areas of future research as well as implications for practice.
Prevalence and risk factors of dyslipidemia among male industrial workers in India
Authors: Wankhade Pratibha Suresh , Pedhambkar Ratnaprabha Bhalchandra , Pagare Rajani Satish , Pedhambkar Bhalchandra Sonu
Published: March 2018

Background: Lipid Abnormalities are major risk factors for coronary artery diseases. Prevalence of dyslipidemia is high in India shown by various studies due to lifestyle changes. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its association with body fat percentage, body mass index, diabetes, tobacco use and hypertension.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 male employees from a packaging and binding industry in Maharashtra. Behavioural data, anthropometric measurements and blood collection were conducted by trained staff using standard instruments.Results: Majority of the participants were in the age group between 30-60 years. Overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 50.7% among study subjects.15.3%, 27% 62%, 23% and 50.7% of participants had high serum cholesterol, high triglycerides, low high density lipoprotein (HDL), high low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high cholesterol/HDL ratio respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed abnormal cholesterol level was associated with high body fat percentage and hypertension. Abnormal triglyceride level was associated with high blood sugar and hypertension. High LDL level was associated only with hypertension. Abnormal HDL level and high cholesterol/HDL ratio was strongly associated with age (>40 years).Conclusions: The prevalence of dyslipidemia was high among male industrial workers in India. Screening programs should be conducted at work places for early detection of dyslipidemia. Information, education and communication (IEC) programs based on lifestyle modification like healthy diet habits, regular physical activity for weight control and tobacco cessation need to be implemented at work places.
Socio-demographic and economic determinants of adherence to iron intake among pregnant women in selected low and lower middle income countries in Asia: insights from a cross-country analyses of global demographic and health surveys
Authors: Warvadekar Kirti , Reddy J. C. , Sharma Sona , Dearden Kirk A. , Raut Manoj Kumar
Published: March 2018

Background: Anaemia is a global public health problem affecting around 800 million children and women worldwide. Anaemia, defined as a reduced haemoglobin concentration, is associated with increased peri-natal mortality, increased child morbidity and mortality, impaired mental development, impaired immune competence, increased susceptibility to lead poisoning, and decreased performance at work.Methods: This paper attempts to understand the determinants underlying iron intake in select countries in Asia using multivariate regression analyses of recent data from the Demographic and Health Surveys of eight countries of Afghanistan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, and the Philippines. The individual level data was analysed, using Predictive Analytics Software for Windows (PASW) 18.0 release.Results: After adjusting for standard co-variates, exposure to newspaper was found to be associated with increased adherence to iron tablets or syrup, in five of the eight countries (India, Indonesia, Nepal, Pakistan, and the Philippines). Exposure to television was significantly associated with coverage and adherence to iron tablets or syrup in Afghanistan, India, Indonesia and Myanmar. Those who received at least three antenatal care visits were much more likely to adhere to at least 90 days of iron tablet or syrup or iron and folic acid tablets supplementation.Conclusions: Based on insights from eight demographic and health surveys, mass media (including print and TV), as well as antenatal care-seeking visits seem to be a particularly effective ways of reaching women and in increasing the likelihood of uptake of iron only or iron and folic acid supplements.
Alcoholic beverage preference and in person with alcohol dependence: southern Tamil Nadu
Authors: Ramasubramanian Vikhram , Chellamuthu Ramasubramanian , Pandian P. Raja Soundara , Mathumathi S. , Selvikumari R. , Gopi R.
Published: March 2018

Background: Very little is known about the types of alcoholic beverages and the relationship between beverage preference and possibility of developing alcohol dependence. The aim of this study was to determine the type of alcoholic beverages consumed by alcohol abusers who have been diagnosed for alcohol dependence and their relationship to the pattern of drinking.Methods: The study was performed on all clients visiting the psychiatric outpatient clinics of M.S. Chellamuthu Trust and Research Foundation, and Ahana Hospitals, Madurai, Tamil Nadu which comprises of mixed socioeconomic class. Subjects were screened for alcohol dependence using Alcohol use disorder questionnaire (AUDIT)” and validated with DSM IVTR criteria for alcohol dependence and their pattern of drinking. Study was limited to male subjects visiting these centres whose ages were between 18 to 60 years.Results: Among all types of beverages, brandy (64.28%) was the most commonly used beverage, followed by whisky (19.31%) and rum (7.14%), vodka (4.23%) or beer (3.96%) and with a very low affinity for wine (1.05%). Brandy appeared to be the most preferred alcoholic beverage in subjects who are alcohol dependent.Conclusions: Despite its ease of availability and affordability of brandy, there exists an increased preference in choice associated with risk taking behavioural pattern of drinking; further biological studies may be helpful to understand physiological mechanism of creating dependence.
Health seeking behaviour and factors affecting it among oral cancer patients seeking radiotherapy at a regional cancer centre: a retrospective study
Authors: Pradhan Somen Kumar , Gupta Shubhra Agrawal , Shrivastava Neha , Verma Nirmal , Dixit Srishti , Panda Prem Sagar
Published: March 2018

Background: In spite of the progress in therapeutic science, the mortality among patients with Oral cancer is still high when compared to other cancers. However, early diagnosis and treatment are still key to improve prognosis, if a correct diagnosis is made at the initial stage of the disease. The objective of this study is to assess the health seeking behaviour and factors affecting it among oral cancer patients seeking radiotherapy at Regional cancer centre, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Hospital, Raipur.Methods: This hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in Regional cancer centre, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Memorial Hospital, Raipur. Data was collected from previous patient records and by interview method regarding demographic details and health seeking behaviour including various delays in presentation of the study subjects.Results: The most common primary presenting complaint among the study subjects was Ulcer (61.59%) followed by Mass (33.02%). The majority of the subjects sought care at Private hospitals (41.72%) followed by government public health care facilities (33.11%) as first health care provider. Among clinic-epidemiological factors, place of residence (p=0.001), distance from RCC, Raipur (p=0.035), Socio-economic status (p=0.01) and initial healthcare provider (p=0.027) were found to be significantly associated with delay in diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer.Conclusions: The patient health seeking behavior can be improved by proper health education and increasing accessibility to primary health care.
A cross sectional study on health seeking behavior of migrant workers: Bangalore city
Authors: . Shwetha , Prasad K. N.
Published: March 2018

Background: Global migrant population is 214 million people, which accounts for approximately 3% of world population.As per 2001 census 307.2 million people, which is 30% population in India were migrants as reported by place of birth, of which 42.1 million were interstate migrants in India. Migrant populations as being a non-native population, are vulnerable and are exposed to many health problems. Most of the health problems of migrants are ascribed to their migration to urban areas, decreased awareness about local health facility, inability to cope with psychological stress, unhealthy sexual practices, and frequent travelling. The objective of the study was to assess the health seeking behavior of the migrant worker in Bengaluru.Methods: This is a cross sectional, exploratory and community based study. The study was conducted in the field practice area of department of Community Medicine of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru. Total study subjects were 295 were selected by convenient sampling method. The study was conducted between May 2017 to June 2017. Data regarding health seeking behaviour was collected using semi structured questionnaire.Results: Migrants were from different states of our country. 25.7% were from other districts of Karnataka, 58.3% of them belonged to high risk occupation and 41.7% to low risk. Around 85% of the migrants discussed their health problem, 59% of them preferred home remedy as a first priority for their illness & 41% preferred private hospitals for major illness. Around 52.9% of study subjects waited for more than 3days before seeking health care.Conclusions: The health seeking behaviour was poor and delay in seeking healthcare during their illness.
A cross sectional study of prevalence of internet addiction and its association with mental health among college going students in Nagpur city
Authors: Bagdey Prashant , Adikane Hemant , Narlawar Uday , Dhage Dadasaheb , Surwase Kishor , Kaware Alka
Published: March 2018

Background: The Internet has become an integral part of life. India is the third largest country in the world next to china and United States in respect of the number of internet users. Adolescents usually have poorer self- control, worse self-regulation, and poorer cognition as compared to adults and are considered the most vulnerable group to the temptations of the internet. Objective of the study was to understand the patterns, preferred use of internet, prevalence Internet addiction and its effect on their mental health status among college students in Nagpur.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in different colleges across in the Nagpur corporation during the period Dec 2016 to May 2017. Pre-validated, pre-tested, structured questionnaire was developed. Young’s 20-item scale for Internet addiction (YIAT) was applied to qualify for the prevalence of Internet addiction. The 12-item General Health Questionnaire has excellent psychometric properties as a screening instrument for psychiatric disorders in nonclinical settings.Results: This study of college students aged 17-25 years with marginally high male representation (51.92%), identified 30.69%, 26.60% and 0.26% students with mild, moderate and severe Internet addiction respectively. Those who are having internet addiction are two times at a risk of having poor mental health (OR = 2.28, p = 0.01).Conclusions: Disproportionate Internet use is an evolving issue among college going students as our study have highlighted that excessive use of the Internet undesirably affects one’s physical and mental health and social well-being.
Cimento de ionômero de vidro: revisão de literatura
Authors: Spezzia Sérgio
Published: March 2018

Introdução: Em âmbito odontológico ocorrem ações preventivas na tentativa de se evitar a instalação de cáries, doença que tem prevalência aumentada na população e que constitui um problema de Saúde Pública. Alguns recursos são empregados para tal, como: realização de diagnóstico precoce e a opção por tratamentos conservadores de mínima intervenção. O cimento de ionômero de vidro (CIV), advindo das suas características benéficas que vão de encontro às tendências atuais, mostra-se intimamente relacionado aos preceitos da Odontologia Preventiva e Minimamente Invasiva e as novas técnicas conservadoras preconizadas. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente artigo foi por intermédio da realização de um estudo de revisão de literatura, averiguar as características do CIV que detém papel de destaque no perfil da Odontologia Minimamente Invasiva. Resultados: O cirurgião dentista deve conscientizar-se da classificação, conforme sua composição e natureza físico-química: ionômeros convencionais; ionômeros reforçados por metais; de alta viscosidade e vários tipos de ionômeros de vidro modificados por resina para que escolha corretamente o CIV que será utilizado em suas intervenções clínicas, o que deve ocorrer baseado nas propriedades do material e em sua indicação clínica. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que a efetivação de técnicas preventivas com o CIV na assistência à saúde pública, tendem a minimizar os tratamentos curativos, valorizando concomitantemente os procedimentos odontológicos de baixa complexidade realizados na Atenção Básica, evitando os encaminhamentos para tratamento de casos de maior complexidade a nível da atenção secundária e terciária, economizando recursos.
Intrathoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis as a posterior mediastinal tumor: a case report
Authors: Ersöz Köse Elçin , Reyhan Gökay , Kanbur Metin Serda , Evman Serdar , Tezel Çağatay , Yalçınkaya İrfan
Published: March 2018

Extramedullary
hematopoiesis (EMH) is a rare disorder, defined as the appearance of
hematopoietic elements outside the bone marrow or peripheral blood. Usually it
is diagnosed incidentally and very rarely it presents as a posterior
mediastinal mass clinically mimicking with many other benign or malignant
mediastinal tumors. Intrathoracic EMH is a rare condition and only very few
case reports have been described in patients with chronic myeloproliferative
disorders specially myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia and spherocytic
anemias. The paravertebral area is an uncommon site for EMH, with the possible
exception of sporadically reported intrathoracic manifestations. In this study,
a 38-year-old male patient was followed for myeloproliferative disease.
Tumor-like lesions at the bilateral posterior mediastinum were detected in the
patient who applied to our clinic due to fall. Excision was planned with video-
assisted thoracoscopic surgery to differentiate from mediastinal tumors, but
the mass unblock was removed with posterolateral thoracotomy because of the
appearance of the lesion and large size. Histopathologic diagnosis was reported
as extramedullary hematopoiesis. Patient was presented because of its rare
location.
El efecto de la traducción pedagógica en la precisión morfosintáctica: un estudio preliminar con estudiantes avanzados de ESL
Authors: Gasca Jiménez Laura
Published: March 2018

En este artículo se exponen los resultados de un estudio longitudinal de cuatro semanas de duración sobre el efecto de la traducción pedagógica en la precisión morfosintáctica en la segunda lengua. Seis estudiantes universitarios matriculados en un curso de nivel avanzado de español como segunda lengua en la Universidad de Houstonparticiparon en el estudio. El curso tenía como objetivo contribuir al desarrollo la competencia comunicativa de los estudiantes mediante la introducción de la práctica de la traducción directa (L2>L1) e inversa (L1>L2), con un particular énfasis en esta última modalidad. Los participantes llevaron a cabo una actividad de traducción a modo depretest/postest al comienzo y al final del curso. Los resultados sugieren que la incorporación de la traducción pedagógica mediante una metodología activa que promueve la reflexión y combina el trabajo individual y colaborativo tiene un impacto considerable en la precisión morfosintáctica en la segunda lengua. Este impacto positivo se haceparticularmente notorio en el uso de preposiciones, adjetivos y del tiempo y modo verbales. Así, este estudio se suma a los trabajos de Cook (2010) y González Davies (2002), que proponen la práctica de la traducción inversa (L1>L2) para el desarrollo de la precisión gramatical.
Direcciones de autores
Authors: Corrales Navarro Elizabeth
Published: March 2018

Se ofrecen aquí los currículos ampliados de cada autor, así como su dirección electrónica
Erosión hídrica bajo tres estadios de sucesión de bosque dentro del Parque Nacional Palo Verde, Costa Rica
Authors: Rojas-Zeledón Ignacio José
Published: March 2018

Se estudió la erosión hídrica bajo tres estadios de sucesión de bosque en el Parque Nacional Palo Verde. Se evaluaron las tasas de erosión y sedimentación por efecto de las lluvias bajo tres estadios de sucesión de bosque: temprano, intermedio, tardío y tres condiciones de pendiente 20, 30 y 40% en las inmediaciones de la laguna Palo Verde, en la provincia de Guanacaste, Bagaces-Costa Rica. El área de estudio se caracteriza por tener suelos arcillosos y asociados a cerros calizos que se elevan abruptamente desde los humedales a nivel del mar hasta alcanzar una altura cercana a los 1000 m.s.n.m. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre estadios de sucesión, no así entre los diferentes porcentajes de pendiente. Bajo una intensidad de lluvia máxima promedio de 23 mm/15 min, el estadio de sucesión temprano fue el que generó mayor cantidad de sedimentos con un valor promedio de 4,75 Mg/ha/año.
Productividad del uso de recursos energéticos en los agentes del mercado eléctrico nicaragüense con sistemas de cogeneración
Authors: Blanco-Orozco Napoleón Vicente
Published: March 2018

En este artículo se evaluó la productividad, empleando el método de datos envolventes DEAP e índices de Malmquist, del uso de recursos energéticos bagazo de caña y de los derivados del petróleo para la generación de energía eléctrica. Los resultados demuestran que la productividad total de los factores del uso de bagazo para generar energía eléctrica registra un decrecimiento interanual. En el caso del empleo de derivados del petróleo para generar energía la productividad total de los factores en promedio general registró desmejora; no obstante, algunas de las plantas térmicas estudiadas registraron cierto ritmo de crecimiento. Lo que significa que existe oportunidad para la revisión de los procesos productivos para incrementar la productividad del uso del bagazo y que los derivados del petróleo están siendo gestionados con mayor productividad para generar energía eléctrica.
Sistema multi-algoritmo para la clasificación de coberturas de la tierra en el bosque seco tropical del Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica
Authors: Vargas-Sanabria Daniela , Campos-Vargas Carlos
Published: March 2018

Por décadas  la detección y el monitoreo de coberturas de la tierra se ha llevado a cabo por medio de teledetección aéreo-transportada y satelital. La habilidad de detectar y cuantificar coberturas de la tierra depende en gran medida de las capacidades del sensor y técnicas de clasificación entre las cuales destacan supervisada, no supervisada y mixta. El método supervisado se considera el más preciso; sin embargo, depende de la capacidad del algoritmo utilizado para discriminar las categorías. En las coberturas de la tierra asociadas al bosque seco tropical del Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica se realizaron series de clasificaciones supervisadas, utilizando los algoritmos Minimum Distance, Mahalanobies, Maximum Likelihood, Neural Network, Support Vector Machine y Parallelepiped para determinar cuál algoritmo clasificaba mejor cada cobertura (bosque tardío, bosque temprano, bosque intermedio, bosque de galería, pastos, manglar) según puntos de control tomados mediante trabajo de campo. De acuerdo al índice de kappa y valores de precisión se destacó el rendimiento de Maximum Likelihood y Neural Network en la clasificación de las coberturas de la tierra. Este estudio demuestra que un esquema jerárquico y multi-algoritmo puede propulsar los resultados de la clasificación de coberturas de la tierra al contemplar las ventajas y limitaciones de cada algoritmo de clasificación; especialmente si se considera aspectos relativos al tamaño de muestra, resoluciones del sensor (temporal, espacial, radiométrica, espectral), condiciones atmosféricas y composición de la vegetación y paisaje.
Protocolo de micropropagación de arándano nativo de Costa Rica (Vaccinium consanguinium)
Authors: Jiménez-Bonilla Vilma , Abdelnour-Esquivel Ana
Published: March 2018

Vaccinium consanguinium es un arándano nativo de Costa Rica que presenta cualidades nutricionales y antioxidantes que lo hace un fruto de alto valor medicinal y nutricional. Su adaptación a las zonas altas del país lo posiciona como especie de interés, por lo que, disponer de técnicas para la obtención de material de siembra clonal es recomendable. El objetivo de esta investigación fue continuar con el desarrollo del protocolo para la micropropagación de esta especie.  Se validó la etapa de establecimiento in vitro y se incluyó el uso de desinfectantes más efectivos como la combinación de jabón enzimático (5 ml.l-1) y hipoclorito de sodio (3% i.a.) en esta etapa.  Se logró establecer material de campo en el invernadero mediante la siembra de plantas, enraizamiento de estacas y germinación de semillas sin necesidad de usar ningún tipo de reguladores de crecimiento y se observó 100% de supervivencia y adaptación a las condiciones ambientales del invernadero. Una señal de la adaptación mostrada por las plantas recolectadas en el campo fue que el 40% presentó floración y fructificación. Con las estacas establecidas asépticamente se evaluó el efecto de tres reguladores del crecimiento en el medio de cultivo WPM al 50%, BA (0, 3, 5, 10, 15 y 20 mgl-1), Z (0, 0,1, 0.5 mgl-1), observándose que ambas citocininas fueron efectivas en concentraciones de 3 mgl-1 y 0,1 mgl-1 respectivamente , pero el mejor procedimiento para la brotación y multiplicación consistió en la exposición de las microestacas a un choque térmico a 5ºC por 15 días, utilizando el mismo medio con 120 gl-1 de sacarosa y 0,1 mgl-1 de Z. Posteriormente, los materiales fueron transferidos al medio WPM líquido suplementado con 30 gl-1 de sacarosa y 0,1 mgl-1 de Z  con puente de papel de filtro, lo que disminuyó la oxidación de los explantes y mejoró las condiciones nutricionales del cultivo reflejándose en mayor crecimiento y mejor apariencia de los brotes.
PRAVILIMA VOĐENA PONAŠANJA – DA LI IH ODREĐUJU SPOLJAŠNJE ILI UNUTRAŠNJE VARIJABLE?
Authors: Borojević Svetlana , Janković Jadranko
Published: March 2018

Cilj ovog istraživanja jeste ispitivanje efekata spoljašnjih varijabli (vrsta instrukcije, promjena u kontekstu, redoslijed izlaganja stimulusa) i unutrašnje varijable (konformizam) na pravilima vođena ponašanja, tj. na slijeđenje disfunkcionalnog pravila i vrijeme reakcije prilikom davanja odgovora. U istraživanju su korištene tri vrste instrukcije: one koje u sebi sadrže nagradu, kaznu zadavanjem i kaznu oduzimanjem. Eksperiment je koncipiran tako da je u prvoj fazi pravilo bilo funkcionalno tj. dovodilo do osvajanja bodova, dok je bez najave u promjeni konteksta, u drugoj fazi, pravilo postalo disfunkcionalno – nije donosilo bodove. U eksperimentu je učestvovalo 94 studenta Univerziteta u Banjoj Luci, starosti od 19 do 21 godine, pri čemu je bilo više pripadnica ženskog pola (81).

Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da promjena konteksta u kome pravilo više nije funkcionalno, kao i informacija o nagradi u sklopu instrukcije, značajno povećava vjerovatnoću napuštanja disfunkcionalnog pravila, dok izraženiji konformizam, s druge strane, smanjuje vjerovatnoću napuštanja disfunkcionalnog pravila. Nadalje, rezultati pokazuju da postoje značajne dvostruke interakcije varijabli u predikciji slijeđenja pravila. Najviši logistički regresioni koeficijenti su dobijeni za interakcije spoljašnjih varijabli, tj. konteksta i vrste instrukcije, dok su za interakcije vrste instrukcije i konformizma, kao i konteksta i konformizma, vrijednosti logističkih regresionih koeficijenata nešto niži. Trostruke interakcije između unutrašnjih i spoljašnjih varijabli u predikciji slijeđenja pravila su takođe značajne. Promjena konteksta, manje izražen konformizam i informacija o nagradi u sklopu instrukcije povećavaju vjerovatnoću napuštanja disfunkcionalnog pravila, dok promjena konteksta u interakciji sa izraženijim konformizmom i informacijom o kazni oduzimanjem smanjuju vjerovatnoću napuštanja pravila. Na vrijeme reakcije efekat ostvaruju spoljašnje varijable, dok unutrašnja, tj. konformizam, ne ostvaruje značajan efekat. Promjena u kontekstu, kao i informacija o kazni oduzimanjem u sklopu instrukcije dovode do produžavanja vremena reagovanje, dok redoslijed izlaganja dovodi do njegovog skraćivanja.
The Effects of One-Child Policy on the Economy and the Environment in an OLG Framework
Authors: Stauvermann Peter J. , Hu Jin , Kumar Ronald Ravinesh
Published: March 2018

In this paper we take China’s one child policy as an example and investigate its environmental impact. We develop a model for an economy using a standard overlapping generation model extended with human capital, endogenous fertility, and changing life expectancy. To model the environmental impact of economic activities, we use a modified IPAT model. We show that China’s one child has a very strong positive impact on the environment, particularly if we consider the whole human legacy.        
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN RENANG (FH) BAGI SISWA PRASEKOLAH
Authors: WIDIASTUTI WIDIASTUTI , HAMAMAH FATIN
Published: March 2018

Abstract: The objective of this research is to generate a pool of learning model for students preschool. The method used in this research and development model from Borg and Gall. The Instruments used in the research of this model are questionnaires and pool Assesment instruments for students preschool used to collect data at the stage of : (1) analysis of needs; (2) the expert evaluation (initial product evaluation); (3) Tests small groups; (4) Friendlies large groups. Test the effectiveness of the model using the swimming assessment tests for students preschool to see improved results of swimming skills before applying the learning model created. Based on the results obtained between yield enhancement swimming skills before applying the learning model pool total 64.3%, and after being given treatment by using model new pool design researchers increased to 93.25%. Based on the research results can be concluded with the pool learning model for preschool students, students can learn effectively and efficiently.
Key Word: Development, Model, Swimming
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan model pembelajaranrenang bagi siswa prasekolah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development) dari Borg dan Gall. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian model ini adalah kuisioner dan instrumen penilaian renang bagi siswa prasekolah yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data pada tahap: (1) analisis kebutuhan; (2) evaluasi ahli (evaluasi produk awal); (3) Ujicoba kelompok kecil; (4) Ujicoba kelompok besar. Uji efektifitas model menggunakan tes penilaian renang bagi siswa prasekolah dengan melihat peningkatan hasil keterampilan renang sebelum diterapkannya model pembelajaran. Berdasarkan hasil yang didapat peningkatan antara hasil keterampilan renang sebelum diterapkannya model pembelajaran renang total 64,3% dan setelah diberikan perlakuan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran renang yang baru desain peneliti meningkat menjadi 93,25%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan dengan model pembelajaran renang FH bagi siswa prasekolah, siswa dapat belajar secara efektif dan efisien.
Kata kunci: Pengembangan, Model, Renang