bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stochastic Replicator Dynamics
Authors: Cabrales Antonio
Published: March 2003

This article studies the replicator dynamics in the presence of shocks. I show that under these dynamics, strategies that do not survive the iterated deletion of strictly dominated strategies are eliminated in the long run, even in the presence of nonvanishing perturbations. I also give an example that shows that the stochastic dynamics in this article have equilibrium selection properties that differ from other dynamics in the literature.
Equilibrium Partner Switching in a Bargaining Model With Asymmetric Information
Authors: De Fraja Gianni , Muthoo Abhinay
Published: March 2003

We study a model in which the seller of an indivisible object faces two potential buyers and makes an offer to either of them in each period. We find that the seller's ability to extract surplus from them depends crucially on the value of the cost of switching from one buyer to the next. If the seller is pessimistic about the buyers' valuations and there is a switching cost, however small, then the market is a natural bilateral monopoly; the second buyer is never called on. If the switching cost is zero, or if the seller is optimistic, then switching, and possibly recall of the original buyer, may occur.
Word‐Of‐Mouth Communication and Community Enforcement
Authors: Ahn Illtae , Suominen Matti
Published: March 2003

We study a repeated game where a seller, who has a short‐term incentive to supply low quality, is periodically matched with a randomly selected buyer. Buyers observe only the outcomes of their neighbors' games and may receive signals from them. When the buyer population is large, the seller may sell high quality even when each buyer observes her action in any given period with an arbitrarily small probability. When networking among buyers is costly, low quality is always supplied with a positive probability. For this case, we characterize an equilibrium where the seller randomizes between high and low quality.
Which Types of Capital Inflows Foster Developing‐Country Growth?
Authors: Reisen Helmut , Soto Marcelo
Published: March 2003

As a result of the Asian crisis, both the virtues of domestic savings and the risks of foreign savings have been emphasized in the debate on development finance. In particular, East Asia, with its enviable saving rates, it has been argued by economists such as Joe Stiglitz and Jagdish Bhagwati, does not need foreign funds for investment and growth. This paper explores the benefits of private capital inflows by reviewing the analytical arguments advanced in the literature and by building fresh empirical evidence. Par‐ticular attention is given to the independent growth impact of the various broad categories of flows in the recipient emerging markets. The paper provides panel data analysis covering 44 countries over the period 1986–97; correcting for standard growth determinants, it measures the independent growth effect of foreign direct investment, portfolio equity investment, bond flows, as well as short‐term and long‐term bank lending. The findings suggest that developing countries should not solely rely on national savings, but rather should encourage foreign direct investment and portfolio equity inflows so as to stimulate long‐term growth prospects.
The HIPC Initiative: True and False Promises
Authors: Cohen Daniel
Published: March 2003

The paper develops the view that understanding of the HIPC initiative is distorted by a lack of perspective on the ‘market value’ of the debt which is written down. The appropriate ‘market value’ takes account of the risk of non‐payment: arrears, rescheduling and ‘constrained’ refinancing of various sorts. Building on econometric evidence that relies on middle income debtors in the 1980s, the paper argues that the initiative is about ten times less generous than face value accounting would suggest.
The International Financial Architecture: Old Issues and New Initiatives
Authors: Kenen Peter B.
Published: March 2003

Reform of the international financial architecture has made progress but has not dealt decisively with the need to involve private sector creditors in resolving debt‐related crises. It has relied unduly on voluntary approaches combined with large‐scale official financing. A comprehensive approach requires the use of temporary standstills to protect debtors against litigation. These can help to resolve ‘liquidity’ crises as well as ‘solvency’ crises. Proposals by Krueger (2001, 2002) provide a way to resolve the problem of a sovereign debtor with an unsustainable debt burden but offer no solution to problems involving private sector debt or to liquidity crises. They would also require an amendment to the Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund, which could prove difficult. This paper proposes a less radical approach – adding rollover clauses and collective‐action clauses to sovereign and private debt contracts, backed by strict limits on IMF financing. It resembles, but goes further than, the contractual approach favoured by the US Treasury.
Monetary Policy and Asset Prices: Does ‘Benign Neglect’ Make Sense?
Authors: Bordo Michael D. , Jeanne Olivier
Published: March 2003

The link between monetary policy and asset price movements has been of perennial interest to policy makers. In this paper we consider the potential case for pre–emptive monetary restrictions when asset price reversals can have serious effects on real output. First, we present some stylized facts on boom?bust dynamics in stock and property prices in developed economies. We then discuss the case for a pre–emptive monetary policy in the context of a stylized framework with collateral constraints in the productive sector. We find that whether such a policy is warranted depends on the economic conditions in a complex, nonlinear way. The optimal policy cannot be summarized by a simple policy rule of the type considered in the inflation–targeting literature.
A New Design for Automatic Fiscal Policy
Authors: Seidman Laurence S. , Lewis Kenneth A.
Published: March 2003

We offer a new design for automatic fiscal policy that can strengthen its role as a complement to counter–cyclical monetary policy, and analyse it in the Fair macroeconometric model that has been estimated using quarterly data for the US economy. Our automatic fiscal policy consists of the triggering of a transfer (or income tax rebate) whenever real GDP is at least X% below normal, the amount of the transfer varying with the size of the GDP gap. The size of the transfer is set with the sole purpose of effectively combating a recession. By contrast, the magnitudes of current automatic stabilizers are unintended by–products of setting the ratio of tax revenue to GDP, the degree of progressivity of the tax system and the level of unemployment benefits. We generate a severe recession using historical data and simulate the impact of our automatic fiscal policy. We assume that the Federal Reserve adheres to a counter–cyclical monetary policy governed by the interest rate (Taylor) rule estimated from historical data. We find that the interest rate rule alone mitigates the severe recession only modestly, whereas our automatic fiscal policy (together with the interest rate rule) substantially reduces the severity of the recession while generating only a relatively small rise in the government debt/GDP ratio.
Organizational Socialization: a Multidomain, Continuous Process Model
Authors: Taormina R.J.
Published: March 2003

This paper presents a model of organizational socialization (OS) as a process with four domains (spheres of activity containing multiple factors or dimensions) which evolve concurrently during one's tenure. The domains are: (1) Training; (2) Understanding (of one's job and organization); (3) Coworker Support; and (4) Future Prospects (in the employing organization). Each domain is discussed in terms of its: (a) definition and components; (b) rationale for inclusion; (c) continuous nature; (d) hypothesized correlates; and (e) relevance for HRM practitioners. Together, the domains compose a continuous‐process model which provides a framework for organizing theoretical elements and for classifying the diverse variables used in OS research.
Socialization Tactics and Newcomer Information Acquisition
Authors: Saks Alan M. , Ashforth Blake E.
Published: March 2003

Research on organizational socialization has usually focused on what organizations do to socialize newcomers or on what newcomers do to socialize themselves. The purpose of this study was to integrate these two perspectives of socialization by investigating the relationships between socialization tactics, newcomers' information acquisition (i.e. feedback and observation) and socialization outcomes. Consistent with previous research, socialization tactics and information acquisition were related to socialization outcomes. Furthermore, institutionalized socialization was positively related to the frequency of newcomers' feedback and observation and the frequency of newcomers' feedback and observation was found to mediate several of the relationships between socialization tactics and outcomes. These results suggest that what newcomers can do to socialize themselves (e.g. acquire information through feedback and observation) is partly a function of what organizations do to socialize newcomers (e.g. the use of specific socialization tactics). The implications of these findings are discussed for the development of a more complete and integrated theory of organizational socialization.
Industrial and Organizational Psychology Programme at the University of Colorado at Denver
Authors: Aguinis Herman , Kraiger Kurt
Published: March 2003

This article describes the Industrial and Organizational Psychology Programme at the University of Colorado at Denver (CU‐Denver). First, we provide an overview of the programme's most salient characteristics and objectives. Next, we summarize five ongoing research programmes being conducted at CU‐Denver: (a) Social Power and Influence in Organizations, (b) Personnel Selection, (c) Applied Research Methods, (d) Training Evaluation, and (e) Cognitive Assessment. For each research programme we describe (a) primary questions addressed, (b) selective recent findings, and (c) current projects and future directions. Finally, we describe the role and current activities of the Centre for Applied Psychology
The Role of General and Specific Psychomotor Tracking Ability in Validity
Authors: Wheeler Jenifer L. , Ree Malcolm James
Published: March 2003

A study of 1,099 males and females in pilot training was conducted to investigate the relative importance of general and specific factors of psychomotor tracking ability in the prediction of several pilot training criteria. Measures of psychomotor tracking ability were derived from the Basic Attributes Test (Carretta and Ree 1994). The criteria were the dichotomous passing or failing pilot training and the average of six flying work samples. Comparisons of linear models indicated that general psychomotor tracking ability was the source of most of the validity and that only the specific measure of reaction time was incremental. Reaction time, although part of the psychomotor taxonomy, has frequently been identified as a measure of cognitive ability.
The Development of Person–Vocation Fit: A Longitudinal Study Among Young Employees
Authors: Feij Jan A. , Van Der Velde Mandy E.G. , Taris Ruben , Taris Toon W.
Published: March 2003

This two‐phase panel study examines the development of the congruence between vocational interests and perceived skill requirements. Participants were 492 Dutch men and women between 18 and 26 years old, with a paid job in both phases. Three hypotheses inspired by the theory of work adjustment (Dawis and Lofquist 1984) and congruence theory (Holland 1992) were tested, using a composite index of fit proposed by Cronbach and Gleser (1953). The first hypothesis proposing that participants experiencing incongruence between their vocational interests and their perceived skill requirements are dissatisfied with their job was supported. The hypothesis that incongruence has a positive relationship with job change and a negative relationship with tenure was not confirmed. The expectation that the congruence between vocational interests and perceived skill requirements increases over time was confirmed. Furthermore, exploring determinants of change in vocational interests and perceived skill requirements, it was found that change in these domains was predicted by different variables, educational level being the only common factor. It is concluded that this study supports the longitudinal propositions of prevailing work‐related person‐environment fit theories.
The Impact of Competency Statements on Résumés for Short‐listing Decisions
Authors: Bright Jim E. H. , Hutton Sonia
Published: March 2003

Sixty‐two managers and human resource consultants rated a series of genuine résumés with covering letters. The résumés were manipulated to contain varying amounts of information about the candidate’s knowledge, skills and abilities (competency statements). This information appeared at different locations in the résumé and covering letter. In addition, half the managers were provided with extra job requirement details beyond the job advertisement. Managers rated the candidate résumés for candidate suitability, decision to interview and overall ranking. The inclusion of competency statements resulted in higher manager ratings. However, the location of the competency statements did not influence ratings given to résumés. Further, the extra information provided to managers did not influence their ratings. The results replicate and extend an earlier study by Earl, Bright and Adams (1998) and challenge the idea that selection decisions are largely based on the notion of applicant fit. The results suggest that the inclusion on the résumé of statements that address job competencies even in a general fashion will boost an applicant’s chances of being short‐listed.
Developing Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Watkin Chris
Published: March 2003

While EI is often seen as the integrating thread weaving consistency into organization effectiveness interventions, a measurement tool is needed to bring the concepts of Emotional Intelligence to life. The Hay 360 Emotional Competence Inventory (ECI) provides such an assessment and development tool for building EI competencies in the workplace. This article aims to inform practitioners about ECI and provide some indication as to its potential. Productivity differentials, contribution to Selection, impact on sales, and EI as the key to Leadership are considered. The article concludes from the macro‐level and considers: ‘How to develop an Emotionally Intelligent Organization’
Work Sample Testing
Authors: Callinan Militza , Robertson Ivan T.
Published: March 2003

The general evidence supporting the use of work sample tests (good criterion — related validity, positive applicant reaction and job preview capability) is reviewed, limitations are also noted. The extent to which work sample tests may be used to limit adverse impact in selection is reviewed and the extent to which work sample tests may be used to complement other selection instruments, in particular, cognitive ability tests, is discussed. Work sample tests are based on attempts to embody key tasks within the job in a selection instrument. Five distinctive (though not mutually exclusive) types of work sample tests are identified and validity evidence is reviewed. Key dimensions (bandwidth, fidelity, task specificity, necessary experience, type of tasks and mode of presentation and response) are identified and used to compare different types of work sample tests.
Globalisation of consciousness and new challenges for international social work
Authors: Ahmadi Nader
Published: March 2003

Although the notion of international social work is not new, it is only in recent times that its central premises have been in focus. Considering diverse ongoing globalisation processes and in regard to the weakening of the national welfare state, social work must tackle the challenge of redefining its role and mission if it is to remain true to its professional commitments. The emergence of new global regions and the globalisation of local social problems make the consolidation of democracy and human rights, the prevention of conflicts and the promotion of solidarity and peace through global cultural integration some of the main concerns of international social work. In this article, international social work is discussed as a project of partnership between diverse social actors such as practitioners, universities and local governments cooperating beyond the boundaries of the nation‐state.
Neo‐liberalism, Social Exclusion and Welfare Clients in a Global Economy
Authors: Dominelli L.
Published: March 2003

Globalization has played a major role in redefining the nature of the welfare state and the ways in which social work practice is being undertaken in a number of different countries. Moreover, its impact has been to exacerbate gendered and racialized social relations. In this article, I explore the changes that globalization has wrought on the social work profession. These have resulted in neo‐liberialist policies that have contributed to the realization of a purchaser‐provider split in service delivery, the commodification of inter‐personal relationships embodied in caring work and the creation of a technicist cadre to deal with vulnerable people in need. I conclude by arguing that social workers need to engage in a public debate which challenges this state of affairs and form alliances with clients, professional associations, trade unions, politicians and other professional groupings in order to set a new welfare agenda which replaces profit‐making with social justice to ensure that needs‐led assessments and people are at the heart of their professional remit.
The probability of nursing home use over a lifetime in Australia
Authors: Liu Zhibin
Published: March 2003

This article further develops the life table models used in the USA by taking advantage of the superior data available in Australia. The probabilities of nursing home use over a lifetime are estimated for various ages for men and women. The results show that over one‐third of the members of a female birth cohort will eventually enter nursing homes for long‐term care at least once. The corresponding probability for males is one in five. A woman at age 65 faces a probability as high as 39% of using a nursing home for permanent care before her death compared with 25% for a man at age 65.
Public health care in the balance: exploring popular support for health care systems in the European Union
Authors: Gevers J. , Gelissen J. , Arts W. , Muffels R.
Published: March 2003

Which factors explain intra‐ and inter‐country variations in levels of public support for national health care systems within the European Union, and why? We propose that public opinion towards public health care is dependent on (1) the type of welfare state regime to which the various European welfare states belong, (2) typical features of the national care system and (3) individual social and demographic characteristics, which are related to self‐interest or morality oriented motives. To assess the explanatory power of these factors, data from the Eurobarometer survey series are analysed. Support for public health care appears to be particularly positively related to social‐democratic attributes of welfare states, whereas support drops with increasing degrees of liberalism and conservatism. Further, support for public health care proves to be associated with wider coverage and public funding of national care services. We also find higher levels of support in countries with scarce social services for children and the elderly, and larger proportions of female (part‐time) employment. Lastly, with respect to individual characteristics, we find remarkably little evidence for self‐interest oriented motives affecting the preference for solidary health care arrangements.
Migration, ageing and mental health: an ethnographic study on perceptions of life satisfaction, anxiety and depression in older Somali men in east London
Authors: Silveira Ellen , Allebeck Peter
Published: March 2003

This ethnographic study was carried out in the aftermath of an epidemiological investigation, the first of its kind, on the health and social status of Somalis aged 60 years and over living in Tower Hamlets, east London. The main aims of the study are to explore views on mental health and well‐being and identify sources of stress and support so as to gain greater understanding of background factors of life satisfaction and depression in ‘first‐generation’ older Somali migrants in Tower Hamlets (males). Face‐to‐face interviews were conducted among 28 males in Somali with the help of a bilingual interpreter from the same age, sex and cultural background of participants. Several factors were perceived to decrease life satisfaction and increase vulnerability to depression in male Somalis, in particular low family support in the face of increasing physical disability, loneliness, inadequate access to community services and inability to return home. Social isolation, low level of control over one's life, helplessness and social degradation – ageism, perceived racial/religious discrimination and, to a lesser extent, racial harassment – were common themes identified in people who said to be depressed. Family support was the main buffer against depression; other coping resources were represented by religious practices and reliance on Somali peers. Avoidance coping seemed to encompass denial of depression in participants who had low mood. The study revealed multiple reasons for ill‐being, in particular in people who had high expectations about medical and social care. Low levels of distress were found in Somalis who felt supported by their families. There is a need for social workers and other health professionals to advance discussions of mental‐health issues in the community and for service providers to promote greater access to culturally relevant medical and social services for Somali elders in Tower Hamlets and strengthen their informal support networks.
Childhood abuse and neglect in severely dependent female addicts: homogeneity and reliability of a Swedish version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire
Authors: Lundgren Kata , Gerdner Arne , Lundqvist Lars–Olov
Published: March 2003

This study explores the psychometric characteristics of childhood experiences (‘Barndomsupplevelser’), using a Swedish translation of the 53–item version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Fifty–five female addicts, treated in a compulsory–care setting, completed the questionnaire. Homogeneity and reliability were studied using principal component analyses (PCA) and Cronbach’s alpha. The test was submitted to content analysis. Nearly all (94.5%) had experienced childhood abuse or neglect. The internal consistency is high. The 4–factor solution corresponded to the subscales of emotional and physical abuse (combined), of sexual abuse and of emotional neglect, while the items in the physical neglect subscale were distributed to several factors. In the 5–factor solution, this subscale was divided into two factors. Content analyses of these factors point to other meanings than physical neglect. The CTQ (Swedish translation) was found to have high consistency and homogeneity in four of the five subscales (emotional, physical and sexual abuse, and emotional neglect), while the subscale on physical neglect may need revision. The new 28–item brief version seems to be an improvement, with regard to these problems.
Understanding how globalisation and restructuring affect women’s lives: implications for comparative policy analysis
Authors: Neysmith Sheila , Chen Xiaobei
Published: March 2003

Globalisation and neo–liberal restructuring have transformed social policy and social services in many countries over the past two decades. Among the various impacts on different societies, one commonality is that many of the costs of restructuring are being picked up by women. In the last decade, feminist scholars have developed a critique of the effects of restructuring on the public and private lives of women, effects which are conspicuously absent from many discussions of restructuring. This article presents several conceptual ingredients for a framework that can facilitate a comparative understanding of restructuring and its effects on women at both global and local levels. Canada and China are used to illustrate the utility of such an approach to comparative policy analysis. The article contributes to a growing body of feminist literature on changing regimes of citizenship. It adds to the scholarship on comparative policy analysis by developing a research approach that is grounded in the experiences of women and is attentive to global and local politics. We argue that understanding just how restructuring affects different groups of women is essential for developing analyses that can cross national boundaries and challenge policies that reproduce conditions that oppress women.
Historical development and characteristics of social work in today’s China
Authors: Xia Xueluan , Guo Jing
Published: March 2003

Social work education has experienced three stages since its introduction to China in the 1920s: introduction, abolishment and reinstatement. Theoretically, there are four types of social work in China: official–educational, official–practical, voluntary–educational and voluntary–practical. In practice, all four types of social work have not necessarily been embodied in each developmental stage, and the order of their historical development is not the same as the order of their logical development; i.e. some types are lacking in some of the stages. Each type of social work has its own characteristics, which are integrated into each development stage. Today, Chinese social work faces two major interrelated tasks: the professionalisation and the institutionalisation of social work. The former refers to the development of standardisation in Chinese social work; the latter has to do with the development of the social welfare institution in general and the development of institutional welfare in particular. In general, the dramatic development in Chinese social work largely depends on the accomplishment of the two tasks.
Employees’ Perceptions of Management: a Case for Leadership Training
Authors: Porter Gayle
Published: March 2003

This article tests for a relationship between employees' perceptions of inequity and their ratings of individual leader behaviours. The analytical framework is based on the inducements/contributions model of employment exchange, the concept of psychological contract and equity theory. Results support that leaders' behaviour in this organisation was more of a factor than pay issues or requirements to work long hours. Implications for leadership training are discussed, including strategies to elicit and support the identified leadership behaviours
Catching a wave: an Australian case study on building competence in search of competitive advantage
Authors: Kellie Deborah
Published: March 2003

There has been significant debate on the need to develop internal labour markets that are robust enough to assist organisations secure comparative competitive advantage in an increasingly volatile and dynamic environment. Several strategies have been proposed to assist in this endeavour, the most recent of which has been to focus on competency. Australian industrial policy has heavily endorsed and supported the competency initiative since 1986, in a wave of workplace reform endeavours. The assertion that sustainable competitive advantage can be secured through developing, amongst other things, a highly skilled, adaptable and responsive internal labour market was embraced by the organisation in this case study. This article is about their experiences in that pursuit and what these experiences might suggest for the value of a competency framework as the basis to organisational learning and human resource development.
Ten years of competency‐based training: the experience of accredited training providers in Australia
Authors: Smith Erica
Published: March 2003

This article examines ten years of implementation of competency‐ based training (CBT) in the vocational education and training sector in Australia. It begins by explaining the meaning of CBT in Australia in the 1990s, and the way in which CBT is organised, and then describes the findings of two national research projects carried out during the period 1995– 1997. The first project reported on the extent of CBT pen‐etration and the second examined the effects of CBT on teaching and learning. Finally the article speculates on the future direction of CBT in Australia, with the introduction of ‘training packages’.
Networking characteristics of African‐American managers: empirical validation and training applications
Authors: Brutus Stéphane , Livers Ancella
Published: March 2003

This article describes the impact of informal networks on managerial effectiveness in general and, more specifically, for that of African‐American managers. Previous research has demonstrated that network characteristics conducive to increased performance for African‐Americans differed significantly from those of white managers (e.g. Ibarra, 1995). These results are further validated in this study through the use of a different performance measure. Networking characteristics and multi‐raters’ performance information were collected from 185 managers. Results show that high performing African‐American managers possess informal networks composed of a higher proportion of other African‐Americans than their low performing counterparts. The reverse trend was found for white managers. A description of a training module based on these results is offered.
Trainee perceptions of factors that influence learning transfer
Authors: Lim Doo H. , Johnson Scott D.
Published: March 2003

The focus of the study was to assess learning transfer made by HRD professionals from a Korean organization for a training program on performance improvement technologies. Results revealed multiple reasons for high or low transfer and provide insights into the design of highly transferable training programs.
International briefing 12: Training and development in Norway
Authors: Skule Sveinung , Stuart Mark , Nyen Torgeir
Published: March 2003

In Norway, the system of initial education is distinguished by public regulation, provision and financing, whereas the system of vocational training, and adult learning until recently has been deregulated, and dominated by private providers and employer financing. During the last decade comprehensive reforms of vocational and adult education and training have aimed at expanding public involvement and increasing participation in learning. Some major challenges persist, however, in terms of developing an all–inclusive system of lifelong education, training and learning.
Cheap Labor Strategies and Export‐Oriented Industrialization: Some Lessons from the Los Angeles/East Asia Apparel Connection
Authors: Appelbaum Richard P. , Christerson Brad
Published: March 2003

In today's global manufacturing system, production is increasingly dispersed across borders. Particularly noteworthy is the rapid expansion of industrial exports from third world countries, especially the NICs of East Asia. With the entry of the formerly socialist countries of eastern Europe into the global capitalist economy, the dynamics of global economic restructuring are likely to change. This paper focuses on the lessons that can be learned from studying trans‐Pacific global commodity chains, drawing out implications for East‐Central Europe. In particular, we explore the role of flexibilization, subcontracting and state policy.
The Third China? Emerging industrial districts in rural China
Authors: Christerson Brad , Lever‐Tracy Constance
Published: March 2003

While the growth of postfordist industrial districts in certain locations in the developed world has been well documented, the impact of the shift toward flexible production in the so‐called third world has received less attention. This paper is an attempt to incorporate the dynamic, networked, manufacturing family firms in parts of China into the flexible industrial district debate. We argue that dense networks of small firms emerging in rural China in many ways resemble the industrial districts of the ‘Third Italy’ and elsewhere: they are globally competitive in producing for fast‐changing fashionable market niches, they contain networks of relatively autonomous small firms which are at least partially locally owned and managed and which often take part in high‐value activities such as design and marketing. We suggest that the social embeddedness of investment and production linkages with ethnic Chinese firms in Hong Kong and Taiwan may be an effective substitute for the spatial concentration of suppliers, producers, designers, and final markets, which is recognized as an important source of innovation and flexibility in core industrial districts.

Alors que la croissance des régions industrielles post‐fordistes dans certaines parties du monde développé a été bien documentée, l’effet du changement vers la production flexible dans le soi‐disant troisième monde a reçu moins d’attention. Cet article tente d’incorporer le réseau d’entreprises industrielles familiales dynamiques de certaines régions de la Chine dans le débat sur les régions industrielles flexibles. Nous pensons que ces denses réseaux de petites entreprises émergeant en Chine rurale ressemblent sous bien des rapports aux régions industrielles de la ‘Troisième Italie’ et d’ailleurs: ils sont compétitifs globalement en ce que leur production est pour des niches de marchéà la mode qui changent rapidement, ils contiennent des réseaux de petites entreprises relativement autonomes dont les propriétaires et managers sont, au moins en partie, locaux, et qui participent souvent à des activités de valeur élevée comme le design et le marketing. Nous suggérons que l’engagement social de l’investissement et des liens de production avec les entreprises ethniques chinoises de Hong Kong et Taïıwan peuvent fournir un remplacement efficace à la concentration spatiale des fournisseurs, producteurs, et marchés terminaux, qui est reconnue comme une source importante d’innovation et de flexibilité dans les régions industrielles centrales.
The sexual division of care in mainland China and Hong Kong
Authors: Yu Sam Wai Kam , Chau Ruby Chui Man
Published: March 2003

The aim of this paper is to explore the extent to which the sexual division of domestic labour in Hong Kong and mainland China is influenced by traditional Chinese values and contemporary political and economic factors. It discovers that women in these two societies assume far more caring responsibilities than men. This is similar to women in traditional Chinese society. An important reason is that the political and economic conditions in Hong Kong and mainland China favour the reproduction of traditional Chinese values. Hence it can be argued that the unequal division of domestic labour between men and women will continue as long as the political and economic conditions are unfavourable to women.

Le but de cet article est d’explorer jusqu’à quel point les valeurs chinoises traditionnelles et les facteurs politiques et économiques contemporains influencent la division sexuelle du travail domestique à Hong Kong et en Chine. Cet article a découvert que, dans ces deux sociétés, les femmes ont beaucoup plus de reponsabilités sociales que les hommes. Ceci est similaire à la société chinoise traditionnelle. Une raison importante est que les conditions politiques et économiques à Hong Kong et en Chine favorisent la reproduction des valeurs chinoises traditionnelles. On peut donc dire que la division inégale du travail domestique entre les hommes et les femmes continuera tant que les conditions politiques et économiques seront désavantageuses pour les femmes.
Urban Theory in the Age of Pluralism and Complexities: Modern or Postmodern? Comment on Leontidou
Authors: Zhang Xing Quan
Published: March 2003

Hardly, Jane and Al Rainnie 1996 Restructuring Krakow. Desperately seeking capitalism

Butler, Tim and Michael Rustin 1996 Rising in the East: the regeneration of East London

Harvie, Christopher 1994 The rise of regional Europe

Jones, Barry and Michael Keating (eds.) 1995 The European Union and the regions

Koopmans, Ruud 1995 Democracy from below: new social movements and the political system in West Germany

Duyvendak, Jan Willem 1995 The power of politics: new social movements in France
Urban Conflict and Social Movements in Poor Countries: Theory and Evidence of Collective Action
Authors: Walton John
Published: March 2003

This paper evaluates the perennial question of whether the urban poor in developing countries are autonomous political actors or co‐opted tools of patronage. I develop a theoretical interpretation of urban politics, arguing that collective action is shaped by changing configurations of state, economy and civil society. Collective action is expressed in struggles over labor, public goods and political rights — issues of varying salience in different periods of development. The theoretical framework generates a set of propositions which I evaluate with reference to a wide range of secondary evidence. At bottom, the data indicate that collective action varies in form and intensity (militance) with specifiable conditions. Illustratively, clientism did predominate during the ‘developmental decades’ (1960–80) that followed earlier (1930–60) experiences of militant labor conflict and yielded in the current period of neoliberalism to struggles for political rights.

Cet article évalue l’éternelle question de savoir si les pauvres des villes dans les pays en voie de développement sont des participants politiques autonomes ou des instruments de patronage cooptés. Je développe une interprétation théorique des politiques urbaines soutenant que l’action collective est formée par les configurations changeantes de l’état, de l’économie et de la société civile. L’action collective s’exprime dans les luttes pour le travail, les biens publics et les droits politiques — des problèmes dont l’importance varie suivant les périodes de développement. Ce modèle théorique engendre un ensemble de propositions que j’évalue par rapport à une variété de preuves secondaires. En fin de compte, les données indiquent que la forme et l’intensité (activisme) de l’action collective varient selon des conditions qui peuvent être spécifiées. Pour illustrer, le clientisme prédominait durant les ‘décennies de développement’ (1960–1980) qui suivirent les experiences précédentes (1930–1960) de conflits des travailleurs militants et a donné lieu, dans la période actuelle de néo‐libéralisme, aux luttes pour les droits politiques.
Political tuning in Ankara, a capital, as reflected in its urban symbols and images
Authors: Erdentuǧ Aygen , Burçak Berrak
Published: March 2003

Determining the ‘tensions, conflicts and social changes’ in the city through symbolic configurations and shifting images has been a recent dimension in the study of urban culture. This is the perspective taken in this article. A brief introduction of Turkey and Atatürk is followed by a study of urban symbols. Starting with those of the Ottoman period, these include monuments and statues; the names of city squares, parks and shops; and the street names and official city emblems since the settlement became the capital in 1923. The city itself was the symbol of national independence and the new republic in the 1920s and 1930s. Fluctuations over the years, in the preference for certain names or artefacts, reflect the shifts from nation‐building to clashes of political ideologies and, more recently, an ‘identity crisis’ that the nation has overtly been experiencing. The study is based on observations that are supported by publications from libraries and private collections, including memoirs. Further material has been provided by informal talks with people from all backgrounds, including the recollections of the author Erdentug, who has lived in the city since 1956, and the reminiscences of her parents commencing twenty years before this date.

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Une dimension récente des études de la culture urbaine est la détermination des ‘tensions, conflits et changements sociaux’ dans la ville par les configurations symboliques et les images changeantes. C’est la perspective adoptée dans cet article. Une introduction rapide de la Turquie et de Ataturk précède une étude des symboles urbains. Commençant par ceux de l’époque ottomane, ils comprennent des monuments et des statues, les noms des places, parcs et magasins, les noms de rues et les emblèmes officiels de la ville depuis qu’elle est devenue la capitale en 1923. La ville elle‐même symbolisait l’indépendance nationale et la nouvelle république dans les années vingt et trente. Au cours des années, les changements de la préference pour certains noms ou articles reflètent les changements allant de la construction de la nation à des conflits d’idéologies politiques et, plus récemment, à une ‘crise d’identité’ que la nation a éprouvé ouvertement. Cette étude est basée sur des observations supportées par des publications de bibliothèques et de collections privées, y compris des mémoires. D’autres matériels viennent de conversations informelles avec des personnes de tous milieux, y compris les souvenirs de l’auteur Erdentug qui habite dans la ville depuis 1956, et ceux de ses parents qui remontent à vingt ans plus tôt.
Local Growth Coalition: The Context and Implications of China’s Gradualist Urban Land Reforms
Authors: Zhu Jieming
Published: March 2003

China’s urban land reforms are being implemented within a framework of general economic reforms which are gradualist in nature. Thus, the urban land reforms are moving step by step towards the establishment of a land market. This gradualism is developing in association with a redefinition of central‐local intergovernmental relations in the reform era, and with the advent of localism. In this context, gradual urban land reforms have become an implicit programme to nurture local enterprises and developers, a means of fostering local government‐enterprise coalitions and an instrument to strengthen local government’s position in local development. During the systematic transition toward a socialist market economy, booming Chinese cities are formulating informal local ‘urban regimes’ to compete for local growth by capitalizing on financial gains derived from a dual market of urban land and property development.

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Les réformes du sol urbaines en Chine sont mises en oeuvre dans une structure de réformes économiques générales de nature incrementaliste. Ainsi, les réformes agraires urbaines vont pas à pas vers l’établissement d’un marché de la terre. Cet incrémentalisme se développe en association avec une redéfinition des relations intergouvernementales centre‐région pendant les réformes et avec l’arrivée du localisme. Dans ce contexte, les réformes du sol urbaines se sont implicitement transformées en un programme de support pour les entreprises et les promoteurs locaux, un moyen d’encourager les coalitions locales entre le gouvernement et les entreprises et un instrument de renforcement de la position du gouvernement local dans le développement local. Durant la transition systématique vers une économie de marché socialiste, les villes chinoises en plein essor élaborent des ‘régimes urbains’ locaux officieux pour améliorer la croissance locale par une capitalisation des gains financiers dérivés et du double marché du sol urbain et du développement immobilier.
Informal Institutional Arrangements in Credit, Land Markets and Infrastructure Delivery in Trinidad
Authors: Pamuk Ayse
Published: March 2003

Informal institutional arrangements, permeating both formal and informal housing settlements, allow markets to function in developing countries. Yet their economic, social and policy impacts are largely unexamined. Insights from the new institutional economics literature are used to show the significance of informal institutional arrangements in credit, land markets and infrastructure delivery. The analysis is grounded in the experience of Trinidad and Tobago, with empirical information drawn from fieldwork research done in 1993 and 1997. Research findings show that informal institutions of cooperation (e.g. sou‐sou, CBOs) support transactions by reducing transaction costs, by lowering risk and by providing mechanisms to cope with uncertainty. They are therefore used instead of formal institutions. Policy‐makers should expect intense utilization of such locally designed institutions that use social capital in the process of land and housing market reform in developing countries.

Ce sont les arrangements institutionnels informels, organisent l'habitat officiel et officieux, qui donnent aux marchés la possibilité de fonctionner dans les pays en voie de développement. Néanmoins leur impact économique, social et politique n'ont généralement pas été examinés. J'utilise des outils provenant des travaux sur l'économie neo‐institutionaliste pour démontrer la signification des arrangements institutionnels officieux pour le crédit, les marchés agraires et la distribution des infrastructures. L'analyse est basée sur l'expérience de Trinidad et Tobago, et l'information empirique provient d'une recherche de terrain faite entre 1993 et 1997. Les résultats montrent que les institutions officieuses de coopération (par exemple sou‐sou, CBOs) supportent les transactions en réduisant leurs coûts, en abaissant les risques, et en fournissant des mécanismes pour faire face à l'incertitude. Elles sont donc utilisées à la place des institutions officielles. Les politiciens peuvent s'attendre à une utilisation intense de telles institutions désignées localement et qui utilisent le capital social dans le processus de réformes du marché agraire et du logement dans les pays en voie de développement.
Brown and Green in Durban: The Evolution of Environmental Policy in a Post‐Apartheid City
Authors: Freund Bill
Published: March 2003

This article concerns the politics of environmental policy as it has been evolving in the South African city of Durban. How has the end of apartheid impacted on environmental issues and concerns? Since 1994 (actually 1996 from the standpoint of local government), the transition to democracy has brought about a shift from purely green policy to the growing salience of what we may call brown issues. The article first considers the elements of what we would now denote as environmental policy under the old regime and then outlines the policy shifts in recent years. The second half of the article looks at what have emerged as the most significant policy issues with regard to the environment, the future of the South Coast Industrial Basin, the environmental concerns that arise from the construction of new housing settlements and (more briefly) debates about the future of the Bay of Natal and some of the issues at play in the development of an integrated social health policy. With South Africa’s emergence from isolation, international mandates for environmental controls and planning have been formally adopted; this article argues that the actual application of policy from word to deed is another matter. Democratization has opened up debates and created a far healthier climate for the discussion of urban issues, but formal institutional and procedural changes are far from sufficient to ensure new approaches on the ground. The presence or absence of effective environmental lobbying from community organizations and of environmental champions within the bureaucracy are critical factors. The planning process in Durban, inevitably subject to immediate political pressures, is still far from achieving the more holistic ambition of integrating environmental and developmental concerns.