bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Original Paper: Informing Young Adults about the Risks of Using Electronic Cigarettes: A Pilot Study of an Informational Mobile Phone Text Messaging Program (Preprint)
Authors: Calabro Karen Sue , Khalil Georges E , Chen Minxing , Perry Cheryl L , Prokhorov Alexander V
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND

Young adults are rapidly adopting electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use. E-cigarettes’ popularity among young people can be attributed to heavy industry advertising and misleading health claims. Data indicate young e-cigarette users who never used conventional cigarettes are now progressing toward smoking combustible cigarettes. Literature documents the influence of text messaging as a delivery mode to support participants in behavioral interventions. Communicating e-cigarette risks via text messaging has not been tested.

OBJECTIVE

This pilot study assessed the impact of exposure to text messages on e-cigarette knowledge and risk perception outcomes.

METHODS

A 2-group randomized pretest and posttest study was conducted among young men and women recruited from vocational training programs. Personal phones were used to receive messages and 95 racially and ethnically diverse participants completed a pretest and posttest. Fifty percent were randomized to either receive gain- or loss-framed messages that integrated the latest scientific findings about e-cigarettes. All messages used wording suitable for audiences with low health literacy. Knowledge and risk perceptions about e-cigarettes and tobacco use were assessed pretest and posttest after message exposure.

RESULTS

The mean age of participants was 20.8 (SD = 1.7). At pretest, approximately 10.5% of the (n=10/95) participants were current e-cigarette users, and 27.4% (n=26/95) used a variety of tobacco products. Participants randomized to gain-framed messages reported a statistically significant higher risk perception for using e-cigarettes at posttest than those who received loss-framed messages (P = .018). After message exposure there was no change in use of e-cigarettes or other tobacco products.

CONCLUSIONS

Young adults were informed that e-cigarette use may lead to addiction to nicotine and other consequences. Delivery of effective text messages such as those tested in this pilot can assist young consumers to evaluate and make decisions about e-cigarettes and other evolving tobacco products.

CLINICALTRIAL

This was a pilot study and not a clinical trial, thus the project was not registered.
Impact of Patient Crowdvotes Aggregated Service Diversity on Doctors� Service Sales in Online Health Community: a Retrospective Study (Preprint)
Authors: Yu Hai-Yan , Wang Jying-Nan , Chiu Ya-Ling , Qiu Hang , Xiao Ling
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND

An increasing number of people visit online health communities to esquire health information with doctors. In the online health community (OHC), patient crowds tended to label and vote the doctors’ specialties with encountered disease. Understanding how patients’ online labels can help us understand the service diversity for patients in online health communities and provide constructive suggestions for doctors serving more patients online.

OBJECTIVE

Our goal was to understand: (1) what kind of patterns are the labels of patient crowdvotes aggregated service diversity, including encountered disease labels and online votes, in a OHC? (2) wheather the patient crowdvotes aggregated service diversity make doctors’ service sales difference in OHC? (3) how can managers in OHC perform to improve doctors’ service sales with the feedback of crowdvotes aggregated service diversity?

METHODS

We designed a retrospective study with data collected from the largest OHC (Good Doctor website) in China. We first used descriptive statistics to investigate the patient crowdvotes aggregated service diversity. Then a multiple log-linear relationship was adapted to investigate the main and the interaction impact of service diversity on doctors’ service sales.

RESULTS

Our sample consists of 9,841 doctors from 1,255 different hospitals widely distributed in China. 18,997,018 patients had been serviced by these doctors since they became members of the study OHC. 704,467 votes of doctors’ clinical specialties were labeled by patient crowds in recent two years (Aug.26, 2015-Aug. 25, 2017). Gini coefficient of serviced patients is very high, 0.626, followed by the volume of votes (0.562). Based on the regression model, we found that the coefficients of the control variables, doctor review rating and clinic title, were 0.810(0.041), and 1.735 (0.027), respectively. For the breadth of voted specialties, volume of votes and degree of voted diversity, the standardized coefficient of the main effect were 0.309 (0.038), 0.745 (0.014) and 0.073 (0.018), respectively. All of the estimates are statistically significant at a 0.1% level.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study provided empirical evidence that the patterns of both the labels of patient crowdvotes aggregated service diversity and doctors’ service sales were of inequality (as illustrated in Lorenz curves) in the distribution of its size of serviced patients in a OHC. Patient crowds’ online labels also leaded to differences in the doctors’ service sales online. The treads of the doctors’ service sales kept increasing as the patient crowdvotes aggregated service diversity increased. Finally, our findings suggested that the higher breadth of voted specialties and degree of voted diversity displayed a greater service sales with a higher review rating, deploying less inequality of Doctors’ service sales.
Health state utilities in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in China
Authors: Shen Yunjie , Wu Bin , Wang Xiaohui , Zhu Jun
Published: May 2018

Aim:
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading global health threat that impairs patient health outcomes. Health state utilities are fundamental values in economic evaluation and significantly vary across countries. Given the scarce data on the Chinese population, the current study measured utility values in the Chinese patients with NSCLC.
Methods:
This study was conducted as a cross-sectional survey of patients with advanced NSCLC at the Shanghai Chest Hospital. Utility values were assessed using the EuroQol five-dimension (EQ-5D) instrument and scored based on the Chinese-specific value algorithm. Predictors of utility values were examined using a subgroup analysis and a multiple regression model.
Results:
The mean EQ-5D utility value of recruited patients was 0.814. The regression analysis revealed that tumor stage, treatment regimen and line of therapy were the potential predictors of utility values.
Conclusion:
This study provides the Chinese-specific health utility data for advanced NSCLC using the EQ-5D.
Género y arrebato de tierras: el caso del nuevo aeropuerto internacional de Ciudad de México
Authors: Vázquez García Verónica
Published: May 2018

En este artículo se explora la dinámica de género del arrebato de tierras en el municipio de Atenco, Estado de México, para la construcción del nuevo aeropuerto internacional de la Ciudad de México. A partir de datos obtenidos mediante la sistematización de expedientes ejidales, la observación participante y las entrevistas a profundidad, se analiza la discriminación de género en la venta de tierras y las estrategias de las mujeres para enfrentarla. El artículo contribuye a estudiar la infraestructura de comunicaciones, un sector poco teorizado; a utilizar información documental, principalmente testimonial, y a visibilizar los efectos de género y el papel de las mujeres en la resistencia. Se muestra que los agentes del arrebato de tierras son el Estado, el capital y las estructuras comunitarias que reproducen la inequidad de género, para concentrar la riqueza y los privilegios políticos en manos predominantemente masculinas.
Uso de la perforación dinámica como un método alternativo para determinar el comportamiento mecánico de materiales refractarios
Authors: Zuluaga-Castrillón Daniel , Hernández-Ruiz Juan F. , Vargas-Galvis Fabio , López-Gómez María E. , Palacio-Espinosa Claudia C.
Published: May 2018

La dureza de los materiales cerámicos generalmente se determina mediante microindentación Vickers, para lo cual la muestra debe ser rigurosamente pulida y se deben analizar múltiples huellas para que el resultado sea representativo de las propiedades mecánicas del material, dificultando su uso en el ámbito industrial. En este trabajo se relacionó la dureza Vickers de ladrillos refractarios de alúmina, alúminacircona-sílice (AZS) y de alúmina-cromita, con la resistencia que tienen los mismos a ser perforados por una broca para concreto con punta de carburo de tungsteno. Los refractarios de alúmina y de AZS estudiados fueron fabricados por electrofusión, lo que les confiere alta densificación, mientras que los de alúmina-cromita fueron manufacturados mediante prensado y sinterizado y, por lo tanto, la cohesión entre las partículas que los constituyen y su densificación es baja. La dureza medida para el ladrillo de alúmina y el de AZS es de 1506,00 ± 99,71 HV1,5N (15,10 ± 0,90 GPa) y 1028,00 ± 95,49 HV2,7N (10,30 ± 0,90 GPa) respectivamente, mientras que para el de alúminacromita la dureza es sorprendentemente baja, tan solo de 54,00 ± 2,00 HV50N (0,54±0,02 GPa), a pesar de que este material está constituido por partículas altamente duras, lo cual es producto de la baja cohesión de dichas partículas. Los resultados obtenidos indican que existe buena concordancia entre la resistencia a la perforación y la dureza Vickers de los ladrillos estudiados, por lo que el ensayo de perforación mecánica puede ser utilizado para predecir la dureza tanto en materiales cerámicos bien densificados, como en aquellos poco densificados.
The roles of nanotechnology and internet of nano things in healthcare transformation
Authors: Maksimović Mirjana
Published: May 2018

Healthcare, as a basic human right, did not remain immune to innovative technologies. Technological progress has significantly contributed to high-quality, on-time, acceptable and affordable healthcare. Since their appearance, nanotechnology and the Internet of Nano Things (IoNT) have continuously affected healthcare and have a tremendous influence on its transformation, contributing to the better outcome. The inclusion of nanotechnology in medicine through nanomaterials and nanodevices, known as nanomedicine, has brought numerous benefits in disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Going further by connecting nanodevices to the Internet, the IoNT paradigm has been created. The inclusion of IoNT concepts in healthcare has resulted in more personalized, timely, and convenient health monitoring and treatment. Hence, nanotechnology and the IoNT hold the potential to completely revolutionize healthcare in the 21st Century, creating a system that will enable early disease detection and diagnosis followed by accurate, on-time and effective treatment with significantly reduced healthcare costs. This paper presents the roles of nanotechnology and IoNT in medicine and healthcare, and attempts to gain an insight of nanoscale solutions and approaches, highlighting benefits and discussing potential risks and concerns. Despite concerns regarding nanotoxicity, privacy and security issues, it is anticipated that nanotechnology and IoNT will show their full potential in medicine and healthcare in the years to come.
Tunisian bank asset-liability management: A canonical correlation analysis
Authors: Ben Said Houda , Zouari-Hadiji Rim
Published: May 2018

The aim of this paper is to analyze asset-liability management behaviour in Tunisian banks between 2000 and 2014. The liberalization process in the Tunisian economy coupled with global developments exposed banks for various kinds of risks (interest rate risk, liquidity risk, exchange risk, operational risk etc...) which have a direct impact on their profitability and efficiency. Then asset liability management is one of a most important tool for decision making that sets out to maximize stakeholder value and an instrument to measure the sustainability of the financial sector in a country. A sample consisting of public, private, and foreign banks operating in the Tunisian territory was considered and the multivariate statistical technique, canonical correlation analysis has been used to capture the nature and strength of the relationship between the assets and liabilities in these banks. Assets analyzed were subdivided into fixed assets, liquid assets, short-term loans, long-term loans, short-term securities and long-term securities; and liabilities into net worth, borrowings, short-term deposits and long-term deposits. From the analysis, different degrees of the association have been found among various constituents of assets and liabilities and among banks. In most cases, there has been a poor and judicious matching of assets and liabilities in terms of their explicit cost and revenue as well as their maturity and liquidity. It is further observed that most Tunisian banks were asset-managed: these banks were actively managing assets and liabilities and were dependent on how well the assets are managed.
Colonialidade e Crítica Social: Análise da Música “Índios” Legião Urbana 1986
Authors: Oliveira Cleber Rocha
Published: May 2018

A presente pesquisa pretende uma análise da música “Índios” produzida e lançada pela banda brasileira Legião Urbana em meados de 1986. As proposições criticas de cunho social inseridas na letra desta música permitiram uma construção histórica onde o processo de colonização, subjugação e encobrimento do “Outro” o indígena são apresentados de forma reflexiva ao público alvo no caso os jovens brasileiros da década de 80. Como proposição metodológica para análise dessa obra nos propomos a dialogar com duas produções historiográficas: a primeira são os escritos de Ledezma, Gerson. Racismo o colonialidad del saber en la Historiografía brasileña, de Francisco Varnhagen a Gilberto Freyre e a segunda a obra de Quijano, Aníbal. Cuestiones y Horizontes: De la Dependencia Histórico-Estructural a la Colonialidad/ Descolonialidad del Poder.
Avaliação Institucional: conceitos, objetivos, participação e implicações para a escola
Authors: De Freitas Sias Maria Alice , Martins Carvalho Dutra Rosa Maria , Bretanha Santiago , Da Silva Rodrigues Ana Cristina
Published: May 2018

O presente trabalho integra as atividades do projeto de intervenção “Reflexões sobre o Projeto Político-Pedagógico e a importância de avaliar a escola constantemente” desenvolvido no Mestrado Profissional em Educação da Universidade Federal do Pampa, na Linha de Pesquisa Política e Gestão da Educação. O projeto é realizado na Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Balbino Mascarenhas, da cidade de Pelotas, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), e possui como enfoque o processo contínuo de avaliação da instituição escolar. O objetivo do trabalho é analisar e avaliar o processo da gestão e do cotidiano escolar da escola citada, criando subsídios para significação e reconstrução do Projeto Político-Pedagógico. Nesse sentido, o estudo sobre a avaliação institucional é de extrema importância, pois tem como propósito identificar as carências da escola e realizar as devidas intervenções, ou seja, usar os resultados da avaliação para qualificar o Projeto Político-Pedagógico, a escola e os sujeitos que dela participam. A avaliação torna-se um instrumento para a busca da qualidade escolar, tendo como principal intenção a concretização, a ação-reflexão-ação de todo o processo educacional. Desse modo, acredita-se que a avaliação institucional deve estar assegurada no Projeto Político-Pedagógico, tendo claros os seus objetivos, indicadores, princípios, finalidades e as concepções de avaliação, que, ao serem realizadas, devem partir do princípio balizador corrigir dificuldades e evitar novas e futuras à instituição escolar.
Comunicação e cultura organizacional na fronteira: as potencialidades das redes sociais nas empresas
Authors: Souza Henrique Esper Paiva de , Almeida Cristóvão Domingos de
Published: May 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar os resultados obtidos a partir da pesquisa realizada no projeto de extensãoComunicação Digital nas Organizações de São Borja. O estudo realizado no desenvolvimento do projeto, visacompreender o cenário atual das empresas localizadas em São Borja, na fronteira oeste do estado do Rio Grandedo Sul. Com foco nos usos e apropriações das fanpages do site Facebook. O estudo está fundamentado emmídias sociais, estratégias de comunicação e organização como espaço de fortalecimento das atividadescomerciais no município. Com base em pesquisa documental e mapeamento das páginas de 310 empresas entreos anos de 2015 e 2016, destacando pontos positivos e negativos das respectivas instituições e as formas deaproximação com seus públicos. Evidencia-se que as redes sociais podem servir como potencialidade aodesenvolver o empreendimento e nas aproximações com os diferentes públicos.
Educação Patrimonial Nos Anos Finais Do Ensino Fundamental: Uma Analise Das Metodologias Aplicadas Em Sala
Authors: Cerqueira Filho Hermogenes De Sousa , Jovino Danilo Pedro
Published: May 2018

O presente trabalho é desenvolvido pela Universidade Federal do Pampa - UNIPAMPA, campus São Borja - RS, especificamente no curso de Licenciatura em Ciências Humanas, em financiamento com o CNPq e CAPES, desenvolvem o Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência – PIBID, uma política pública educacional em parceria com a universidade e o Colégio Estadual Getúlio Vargas. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar se as metodologias e estratégias pedagógicas utilizadas em sala, estão orientando os alunos de maneira que os levem a conhecer sua herança cultural, tendo como fonte primaria de conhecimento o patrimônio cultural de São Borja. O grupo de pibidianos do subprojeto história, no decorrer do ano de 2017, desenvolveram um projeto de educação patrimonial com alunos do 8º ano do ensino fundamental. No decorrer das aulas surgiu a necessidade de verificar se os alunos estavam conseguindo relacionar o conteúdo ministrado nas aulas, com o patrimônio existente na cidade, através de um questionário aberto. Assim pautados pela a metodologia quali-quanti e os métodos historiográfico, hermenêutico e analítico desenvolvemos a presente pesquisa. Os resultados obtidos com esta pesquisa indicaram que os alunos conseguiram assimilar a teoria e relaciona-la com a pratica, ou seja, compreender o que é patrimônio cultural e conhecer os patrimônios que fazem parte da sua história. Além de indicar uma satisfação com programa, as metodologias utilizadas em sala e o tema escolhido para o ano letivo.
Treatment of recent-onset atrial fibrillation with quinidine and flecainide in Thoroughbred racehorses: 107 cases (1987–2014)
Authors: Takahashi Yuji , Ishikawa Yuhiro , Ohmura Hajime
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of quinidine and flecainide in treating naturally occurring, recent-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) in Thoroughbred racehorses.

DESIGN Retrospective case series.

ANIMALS 107 Thoroughbred racehorses.

PROCEDURES Medical records of racehorses with AF that were treated with quinidine or flecainide between 1987 and 2014 were reviewed. Signalment, history, treatments, complications, and outcome data were collected. Horses were allocated to 2 groups according to the initial treatment: initial treatment with quinidine (group 1) or initial treatment with flecainide (group 2). Horses in group 2 that did not convert to sinus rhythm with flecainide were then administered quinidine (group 3). Complications, total quinidine dose, and duration of treatment were compared. Rates of conversion for horses treated with quinidine versus flecainide were also compared.

RESULTS Overall rate of cardioversion was 91% (97/107). There was a significant difference in the rate of cardioversion for quinidine alone (91% [71/78]), compared with flecainide alone (41% [12/29]). In group 3, the conversion rate after the addition of quinidine treatment was 82% (14/17). Total quinidine dose and treatment duration did not differ significantly between groups 1 and 3.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Overall rate of cardioversion for Thoroughbred racehorses with AF was similar to that in previous reports. Flecainide treatment was less effective than quinidine treatment, but the frequency of complications did not differ between quinidine and flecainide. Further investigation is suggested to evaluate the efficacy of flecainide for cardioversion in athletic horses.
Adaptive reuse: an innovative approach for generating sustainable values for historic buildings in developing countries
Authors: Othman Ayman Ahmed Ezzat , Elsaay Heba
Published: May 2018

Sustainable development has become a goal for all countries seeking a balance between social, environmen­tal and economic needs. The principal vision of a sustain­able built future is about developing creative designs that utilize energy and materials effectively. However, this vision should consider historic buildings that were built centuries ago. Although many of these buildings are standing in a stable state, they are obsolete and their values are not fully utilized. Towards revitalizing and generating sustainable values of these buildings, adaptive reuse is adopted as a process of modifying, adapting and reusing obsolete build­ings with their existing structures to extend their life cycle whilst performing a new function. This is currently practiced worldwide, specifically when a building has a unique archi­tectural character and is in a stable condition. The adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal impact on the heritage significance of the building and its setting. This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of adaptive reuse as an innovative approach for generating sustainable values of historic buildings in developing countries. To achieve this aim, a research strategy is designed to accomplish four objectives: first, literature related to sustainable develop­ment, sustainable values, adaptive reuse and developing countries is reviewed; second, two case studies are pre­sented and analysed to investigate the role of adaptive reuse towards increasing the sustainable value of heritage build­ings; third, a strategy with its action plan is developed for facilitating adaptive reuse of historic buildings in develop­ing countries and finally, research conclusions are outlined and recommendations useful to professionals concerned with adaptive reuse of historic buildings are proposed.
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ZILLA SPINOSA EXTRACTS AGAINST PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS
Authors: Al-hadithy Oday , ALGHANEM S. M. , MILAD M.
Published: May 2018

Zilla spinosa is one of the most common plant species of family Brassicaceae, due to its important uses in the folk medicinal. The present study was aimed to determine some active constituents and to test antimicrobial activity of different plant extracts against pathogenic microorganisms. Fresh plant was collected randomly from northern sector of Eastern Desert, Egypt (Cairo-Suez desert road) in the month of March 2018. Phytochemical analysis of Z. spinosa showed that, it was rich in saponins and tannins (34.68 and 32.82 mg/g dry weight, respectively). While, phenolics attained values (28.22 mg/g dry weight), alkaloids (17.56 mg/g dry weight) and flavonoids (11.22mg/g dry weight). In the present study, in case of petroleum ether extract the inhibition zone varied according to type of examined bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus was the most affected bacteria followed by Stroptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumonia and Bacillus subtilis. Methylene chloride extract does not affect both K. pneumoniae and Escherichia coli but prevents others. The ethyl acetate extract inhibit S. aureus, S. pyogenes and B. subtilis. The acetone extract inhibited all the bacteria except E. coli and K. pneumonia. Methyl alcohol extract inhibited all bacteria with different inhibition zones except B. subtilis. On the other hand, Methylene chloride extract has effect on Aspergillus fumigatus. The ethyl acetate and methyl alcohol extract inhibited the growth of all tested fungi except A. niger. Acetone inhibited the growth of Mucor spp. and Candidia albicans.
ESTUDO SOCIOJURÍDICO DE UM CASO DE ESTUPRO DE MENOR EM SERGIPE NO FIM DO SÉCULO XIX
Authors: Santos Lelis Acácia Gardênia , Bonifácio Renata Ferreira Costa
Published: May 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma análise sociojurídica de um caso de estupro de uma menina negra de oito anos de idade, filha de escravos libertos, praticado por outro menor de idade, em 1883, na vila de Santo Amaro das Brotas, então província de Sergipe d’El Rei. A partir do relato dos fatos, pretende-se descrever representações e práticas sociais intrínsecas ao período, analisar a historicidade cultural que envolve o sistema patriarcal, avaliar o contexto sociojurídico sobre esse tipo de crime, especialmente no que concerne à percepção social do abuso sexual de crianças, analisada em seu contexto historiográfico.
Лікування внутрішньочеревних інфекцій: рекомендації консенсусної конференції WSES (2016)
Authors: Кryvoruchko І. А , Usenko О. Yu. , Boyko V. V. , Аndreyeshchev S. А. , Honcharova N. M. , Shafranskyi V. V.
Published: May 2018

Лікування внутрішньочеревних інфекцій: рекомендації консенсусної конференції WSES (2016)
Застосування високочастотного електрохірургічного апаратА “ERBE ICC 200” для лікування пацієнтів з поєднаною патологією анального каналу і прямої кишки
Authors: Zakharash М. P. , Balytskyy V. V. , Кuryk О. G.
Published: May 2018

Реферат
Мета. Покращення результатів хірургічного лікування пацієнтів з поєднаною патологією (ПП) анального каналу і прямої кишки шляхом використання апарата високочастотної електрохірургії (ВЧЕХ) “ERBE ICC 200”.
Матеріали і методи. Проаналізовані результати лікування  164 пацієнтів з ПП анального каналу і прямої кишки з використанням апарата ВЧЕХ “ERBE ICC 200”.
Результати. Встановлено, що при використанні апарата ВЧЕХ “ERBE ICC 200” зменшуються тривалість операції - до (20 ± 5) хв, об’єм крововтрати - до (15 ± 5) мл, потреба в наркотичних аналгетиках до (2 ± 1) мл, тривалість стаціонарного лікування - до (5 ± 1) доба.
Висновки. Застосування апарата ВЧЕХ “ERBE ICC 200” приводить до скорочення тривалості операції, зменшення крововтрати під час операції, а також інтенсивності болю в післяопераційному періоді. Використання даної хірургічної технології забезпечує незначну глибину некрозу тканин - (0,286 ± 0,15) мм та косметичність операції.
Віддалені результати хірургічного лікування хворих з ранніми стадіями недрібноклітинного раку легені
Authors: Коlesnik О. P. , Shevchenko А. І. , Kadzhoian А. V. , Levyk О. М. , Kuzmenko V. О.
Published: May 2018

Мета. Оцінити ефективність повної систематичної медіастинальної лімфодисекції (ПМЛД) у пацієнтів з ранніми стадіями недрібноклітинного раку легені (НДКРЛ).
Матеріали і методи. Оперовані 254 хворі з НДКРЛ І, ІІ стадій. Повна дисекція лімфатичних вузлів (ЛВ) середостіння (N2) виконана у 81 пацієнта. Втручання полягало у видаленні ЛВ з боку пухлини: праворуч - усіх паратрахеальних, біфуркаційних, параезофагеальних ЛВ і легеневої зв’язки. Ліворуч паратрахеальні ЛВ не видаляли, але обов’язково виконували дисекцію ЛВ аортального вікна.
Результати. Дослідженням виявлено, що виконання ПМЛД збільшувало загальну 5-річну виживаність хворих з раком легені І стадії (р = 0,02). Виконання ПМЛД у хворих з НДКРЛ під час пульмонектомії у 3,4 разу збільшувало загальну 5-річну виживаність пацієнтів (р < 0,001). Призначення ад’ювантної поліхіміотерапії (АПХТ) пацієнтам з НДКРЛ ІІ стадії, яким виконували неповну медіастинальну лімфодисекцію (НМЛД), статистично достовірно збільшувало 5-річну виживаність пацієнтів.
Висновки. Виконання ПМЛД значно збільшує 5-річну виживаність пацієнтів з ранніми стадіями НДКРЛ.
Эмболизация воротной вены чрескожным чресселезеночным доступом у пациентов с распространенными очаговыми заболеваниями печени
Authors: Kondratiuk V. A.
Published: May 2018

Цель. На основании анализа собственного опыта применения селезеночного портального доступа определить его возможности в качестве альтернативы контрлатеральному чреспеченочному доступу.
Материалы и методы. Проанализированы результаты предоперационной эмболизации ветвей воротной вены (ЭВВВ) у 11 пациентов с распространенными опухолями печени с использованием чресселезеночного портального доступа.
Результаты. Чресселезеночный портальный катетерный доступ прост, безопасен, однако в связи с индивидуальными анатомическими особенностями селезенки этот тип доступа возможен у 61% пациентов, нуждающихся в нем.
Выводы. Чресселезеночный портальный доступ может быть использован у пациентов, нуждающихся в ЭВВВ, которым невозможно выполнить портальный доступ через часть печени, запланированную для удаления.
Повышение эффективности спленэктомии в хирургической гематологии
Authors: Dushik L. N.
Published: May 2018

Цель. Повышение качества хирургического лечения гематологических больных.
Материалы и методы. Проведено комплексное обследование 102 больных с заболеваниями системы крови, которым была показана спленэктомия (СЭ). Особое внимание уделяли всестороннему дооперационному обследованию для выбора доступа к селезенке. Изменили тактику доступа при лапароскопической спленэктомии (ЛСЭ), во время СЭ использовали ультразвуковой скальпель (УЗС) и прошивающий аппа­рат.
Результаты. Анализ полученных результатов СЭ у гематологических больных показал, что выбор доступа зависит от многих причин, которые можно установить до операции. Планирование способа СЭ по совокупным данным ультразвукового исследования (УЗИ) и компьютерной томографии (КТ), изменение тактики доступа при ЛСЭ, использование УЗС и прошивающего аппарата во время операции позволяют улучшить качество хирургического лечения гематологических пациентов.
Выводы. УЗИ и КТ играют важную роль при планировании способа СЭ, позволяя избежать случаев конверсии. Изменение тактики доступа при ЛСЭ, а также сочетанное применение УЗС и прошивающего аппарата для выполнения СЭ предупреждают развитие осложнений.
Порівняння онкологічних результатів нефректомії та резекції нирки у лікуванні хворих із раком нирки стадій T1B ТА T2
Authors: Grygorenko V. М. , Оnyshchuk А. P. , Vikarchuk М. V. , Danylets R. О. , Nesterchuk А. P. , Banas О. О. , Pereta L. V.
Published: May 2018

Мета. Продемонструвати можливості органозберігаючого хірургічного лікування у хворих з нирково-клітинним раком (НКР) стадій T1b-T2N0M0 та порівняти онкологічні результати резекції нирки (РН) та нефректомії (НЕ).
Матеріали і методи. З 2012 по 2015 р. з приводу НКР клінічних стадій T1b-T2N0M0 прооперовано 167 хворих: РН виконана 79 (47,0%) хворим (1-ша група), НЕ - 88 (53%) хворим (2-га група).
Результати. Обидві групи статистично не відрізнялись за віком та статтю. В 1-шій групі середній розмір пухлини дорівнював 5,7 см, у 2-гій - 8,7 см (р=0,002). Середній спостереження склав 49,1 міс - у 1-шій групі, 46,9 міс - у 2-гій групі (р=0,4). Рецидив за час спостереження виявлено у 16 хворих: у 6 (7,6%) - у 1-шій групі, у 10 (11,3%) - у 2-гій. У 1-шій і 2-гій групах 5-річна безрецидивна виживаність становила 93,1 та 90,8% (р=0,315), 5-річна загальна виживаність - 89,7 та 90,4% (р=0,929), 5-річна канцерспецифічна виживаність - 91,6 та 89,5% (р=0,414) відповідно.
Висновки. Онкологічні результати РН та НЕ однакові в хірургічному лікуванні НКР стадій T1b-T2N0M0. Основним критерієм для вибору операції з приводу НКР є не розміри пухлини, а особливості її розташування та кількість залишкової функціональної паренхіми.
Результати лікування наслідків анатомо-функціональних змін нирок і сечоводів, що виникли на тлі моделі гіперактивного сечового міхура
Authors: Iatsyna О. І. , Savytska І. М. , Коstev F. І. , Vernygorodskyi S. V. , Havryliuk О. М.
Published: May 2018

Мета. Вивчення анатомо-функціональних уражень нирок та верхніх сечовивідних шляхів (СВШ) у експериментальних тварин із змодельованим гіперактивним сечовим міхуром (ГСМ) та дослідження їх перетворень внаслідок дії фармакологічних препаратів груп холінолітиків, біофлавоноїдів та селективних агоністів бета-3-адренорецепторів.
Матеріали і методи. Експериментальні дослідження виконані на 200 статевозрілих білих щурах-самках, яким відтворювали модель ГСМ. Після підтвердження створення моделі ГСМ тварини були розділені на чотири групи: контрольну (без лікування), 1-шу (лікування спазмексом), 2-гу (лікування кверцитином), 3-тю (лікування мірабегроном). Для підтвердження функціональних змін усім дослідним тваринам під час експерименту проводили магнітно-резонансну томографію (МРТ) з візуалізацією СВШ за модифікованими нами програмами з магнітно-резонансною урографією (МРУ) в режимі гідрографії до та після застосування діуретика. Після виведення тварин з експерименту були проведені гістологічні дослідження нирок та верхніх СВШ.
Результати. Через 14 діб після введення резерпіну відбувались переважно функціональні зміни без виражених структурних проявів. Через 30 діб зареєстровані зміни, що призводили до патологічної перебудови нирок і СВШ. Після проведеного лікування у всіх тварин спостерігали відновні процеси. Зменшувались прояви дистрофічних змін нефроцитів, покращувались обмінні процеси, зменшувалася товщина базальних мембран (БМ) проксимальних канальців нефронів, покращувалися кровопостачання органа та тонус СВШ.
Висновки. Після проведеного лікування у більшості тварин зміни, що виникли після змодельованого ГСМ, виявилися оборотними. Зменшувались прояви дистрофічних змін нефроцитів, покращувалися обмінні процеси, зменшувалася товщина БМ проксимальних канальців нефронів, покращувалося кровопостачання органа.
Проведені дослідження свідчать про позитивну динаміку та можливість створення ефективних схем для подальшого вдосконалення лікування з використанням досліджених препаратів.
Generalizations of the associative operad and convergent rewrite systems
Authors: Chenavier Cyrille , Cordero Christophe , Giraudo Samuele
Published: May 2018

The associative operad is the quotient of the magmatic operad by the operad congruence identifying the two binary trees of degree $2$. We introduce here a generalization of the associative operad depending on a nonnegative integer $d$, called $d$-comb associative operad, as the quotient of the magmatic operad by the operad congruence identifying the left and the right comb binary trees of degree $d$. We study the case $d = 3$ and provide an orientation of its space of relations by using rewrite systems on trees and the Buchberger algorithm for operads to obtain a convergent rewrite system.
Weighted Average Information Criterion for Selection of an Asymmetric Price Relationship
Authors: Acquah Henry De-Graft
Published: May 2018

TThis study evaluates the performance of the recently developed model selection criteria (WIC) against commonly used alternatives (AIC and BIC) in terms of their ability to recover the true asymmetric data generating process. Monte Carlo simulation results indicate that the performance of the model selection methods depends on the sample size, the difference in asymmetric adjustment parameters and the amount of noise in the model used in the application. WIC outperforms AIC and BIC under stable conditions such as a large sample and small noise levels. Additionally, WIC outperforms AIC and BIC as the difference between asymmetric adjustment speeds increases. These results suggest that WIC is a very reliable and useful criterion in asymmetric price transmission model selection.
Yabancı Turistlerin Destinasyon Seçimine Sığınmacıların Etkisi: Türkiye’ye Yönelik Bir Araştırma
Authors: Aratimur Volkan , Akgündüz Yılmaz
Published: May 2018

Bu araştırmanın amacı Türkiye’yi bir destinasyon olarak seçmek isteyen yabancı turistlerin, ülkedeki sığınmacıların varlığından nasıl etkilendiklerini belirlemektir. Bu kapsamda destinasyon seçimini etkileyen itici-çekici faktörler esas alınarak seyahat alışkanlığına sahip yabancı uyruklu bireylere uygulanmak üzere dokuz senaryo hazırlanmıştır. Nisan-Mayıs 2017 aylarında uluslararası seyahat siteleri aracılığıyla, çevrimiçi olarak hazırlanan anket formuyla ve kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle 412 geçerli veri toplanmıştır. Bulgular, fiziksel ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak amacıyla ve doğal, tarihi ve kültürel çekicilikleri görmek amacıyla seyahat etmek isteyen bireylerin destinasyon tercihlerinde sığınmacıların varlığından olumsuz olarak etkilendiğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca snobizm etkisiyle, fiyat odaklı olarak, sosyal arayış ve keşif amaçlı, alış-veriş olanaklarından yararlanmak amacıyla ve güçlü imaja sahip bir destinasyona seyahat etmek isteyen bireylerin destinasyon tercihlerinde destinasyondaki sığınmacıların varlığından olumsuz olarak etkilenmedikleri belirlenmiştir.
Gestão pública de prevenção de incêndios no Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Pereira Aderson Guimarães , Araujo Junior Carlos Fernando
Published: May 2018

Este trabalho está relacionado a  pesquisa da evolução da gestão pública de prevenção de incêndios nas edificações e áreas de risco no Estado de São Paulo. Adotou-se como data inicial da pesquisa o surgimento dos grandes incêndios e a publicação das primeiras legislações sobre prevenção e combate a incêndio. Tal pesquisa descreve as medidas implantadas pelos órgãos públicos responsáveis, inclusive, legislações e normas técnicas.
Conclusions and recommendations of the OECD workshop on the ecology of introduced, exotic wildlife: Fundamental and economic aspects
Authors: Sjöberg Göran , Hokkanen Heikki M.T.
Published: May 2018

The deliberate and accidental relocation of birds and mammals around the globe has been and continues to be integral to patterns of human population spread, settlement and economic development. The outcomes of these relocations have been and may be irreversible, with long‐term positive and negative implications for ecological, economic and recreational values. Therefore, for each such relocation there are benefits and/or costs which may not always be predictable but which can be realistically assessed and evaluated. A critical point may have been reached in society's recognition of the value of global biodiversity and its wish to mitigate threats to this. Therefore the OECD invited 16 leading scientists in the area of wildlife ecology to review the existing knowledge about vertebrate introductions, and to formulate recommendations for handling such introductions on a sound scientific basis in the future. These recommendations include a proposal to regulate all introductions of exotic vertebrates, to consult neighbouring countries and the public about such introductions, to adopt a combined white‐list/black‐list approach, and to establish national advisory committees for recommending actions in these questions.
Hybridization between native and introduced wildlife species: importance for conservation
Authors: Simberloff Daniel
Published: May 2018

Molecular techniques show that hybridization can be a major conservation problem. Introgression can lessen genotypic variety and break up gene complexes coadapted to local environments. Gamete wastage can be a problem for hybridizing species even when gene flow does not occur. Birds and mammals introduced for game purposes have hybridized with native populations, a process often facilitated by habitat modification. Further, translocation and stock enhancement programs can lead to loss of well‐adapted genotypes. These problems increase as populations become fragmented and isolated, because finding mates is harder and habitat differences that bar reproduction are obliterated. What to do about hybridization is sometimes not obvious. Even if the problem is seen as important, often little can be done. Culling may be impossible because of difficulties in recognizing introgressed individuals. Wildlife biologists and managers should work to prevent introductions and translocations if hybridization problems cannot be ruled out. Further, wildlife professionals should educate the public about evolutionary aspects of introductions and translocations, including hybridization and introgression.
Predicting the rate of spread of introduced animals and plants
Authors: Hengeveld Rob , van den Bosch Frank
Published: May 2018

This paper includes an estimate of what we need to know for predicting the spreading rates of introduced animal and plant species. The models although catching the principal aspects of the spreading process, still prove to be too simple. Yet even in their initial state of development, they require an amount of biological and environmental information that cannot be reasonably supplied. However, as such, they can indicate the kind of information needed to make statistical prediction reliable. These models also indicate the limits of prediction beyond which extrapolations from simpler models should not be made. It thus appears that the limits of prediction are very restrictive about the fate of species accidentally or deliberately introduced into an area.
Density‐dependent variation in reproduction and body mass in female moose Alces alces
Authors: Sand Håkan , Bergström Roger , Cederlund Göran , Östergren Marina , Stålfelt Finn
Published: May 2018

Female body mass and reproduction from harvested moose Alces alces were compared in four populations of moose at different stages (densities) of population development, i.e. pre‐peak, peak and post‐peak, in Sweden during 1961–1991. In two (1 and 2) of the four populations, age‐related body mass and reproduction was significantly lower in the post‐peak (intermediate density) stage than in the pre‐peak stage; whereas for the other two populations (3 and 4), no differences, or higher growth and reproduction at post‐peak density, were found. In one population (2) data from all three stages (densities) of population development were available. Age‐specific mean body mass was 12.8% lower, and fecundity 46.0% lower (average among age classes), during the peak density stage, than during the pre‐peak stage, but did not differ significantly between the peak and post‐peak stages, except for fecundity in 1.5‐year‐old females. In the two populations showing a negative density‐dependent response (1 and 2), fecundity decreased more from pre‐peak to post‐peak density than could be predicted from the reduction in body mass. This suggested a lower reproductive investment per unit body mass at high and intermediate densities, compared to the low density stage. Similar to age‐related body growth and fecundity, the proportion of lactating and/or calf‐rearing females was significantly lower at post‐peak population density in populations 1 and 2 compared to pre‐peak densities, but only in the youngest reproducing age class (2.5 years). It is concluded that: i) the large increase in population density has resulted in density‐dependent resource limitation, which is expressed as lowered body growth and reproduction in two of the four populations studied; ii) the lower reproductive investment per unit body mass at higher densities may constitute an adaptive strategy to maximise juvenile survival as conditions deteriorate; iii) density‐dependent effects in moose may occur at densities which are lower than close to the ecological carrying capacity; and iiii) the variable density‐dependent pattern among populations may be due to differential harvest regimes, causing variable post‐peak densities, and thus different levels of resource competition among populations.
Is driven transect sampling suitable for estimating red‐legged partridge Alectoris rufa densities?
Authors: Borralho Rui , Rego Francisco , Pinto Pedro Vaz
Published: May 2018

An omnibus procedure for Alectoris partridges density estimation is still lacking. The suitability of driven line and strip transect sampling for estimating red‐legged partridge Alectoris rufa densities on mixed farmland, in southern Portugal, in March, May and July 1993 and 1994 was evaluated. Driven transect counts along a grid of dirt tracks were performed and compared to early spring territory mapping counts. Distance data sets exhibited prominent peaks near the origin, apparently caused by attraction of the birds to the tracks; nevertheless, line transect estimates computed using Fourier series models were similar to mapping counts in March of both years, as well as adult density estimates in July, but density was underestimated in May 1994. Line transect estimates were robust to the shift from individuals to clusters as sighting units, and to different grouping options, but not to data truncation. Driven strip transect estimates were computed using 10 m, 20 m, 40 m, 80 m, and 160 m strip widths. In March, estimates computed using the first three widths overestimated density and underestimated it in 1994 when the 160‐m strip was used. May and July adult density estimates were not significantly different from those in March. In this study, driven line transect sampling was an efficient and accurate method of estimating red‐legged partridge density on a farmland area in early spring and summer; however, further research is needed to evaluate its suitability in habitats of lower visibility, as detection models seem to require long‐distance sightings to compensate for the attractiveness of tracks. Strip transects are not recommended because of the difficulty of choosing an adequate strip width for density estimation. Both methods revealed similar utility as indices of relative population abundance.
The possible effects of landscape change on diet composition and body weight of mountain hares Lepus timidus
Authors: Hulbert Ian A.R. , Iason Glenn R.
Published: May 2018

In the UK and elsewhere in Europe, high densities of mountain hares Lepus timidus are associated with heather moorland, the area of which has been diminished by large‐scale afforestation. The consequences of this landscape change for the diet composition and body weight of mountain hares were investigated by comparing mountain hare carcasses collected in November 1990 simultaneously from a large hare‐fenced, young forestry plantation and from the adjacent heather moorland. The sex, age, diet composition and body weight of individual hares were recorded. There were readily identifiable differences in the diet composition and body weight of hares that occupied the two different habitats, the segregation of which had been rigorously maintained for the previous nine months and included the period of births of leverets. Adult females and leverets in the young forestry plantation had a higher proportion of grasses and a lower proportion of heather in their stomachs than the same age/sex classes on the open moorland, and leverets occupying the forestry plantation were significantly heavier than those inhabiting the moorland habitat. Large‐scale afforestation results in an improvement in diet quality and body weights in young mountain hares during the early plantation stages, and in those early years following planting, commercial afforestation is probably not detrimental to mountain hare populations. Persistence of mountain hare populations in afforested landscapes could be facilitated by the incorporation of appropriate young age classes of forest.