bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel bioactive scaffolds with fibronectin recognition nanosites based on molecular imprinting technology
Authors: Rosellini Elisabetta , Barbani Niccoletta , Giusti Paolo , Ciardelli Gianluca , Cristallini Caterina
Published: July 2010

Biomimetic materials for application in the field of tissue engineering are usually obtained through covalent bonding between the polymer backbone and the bioactive molecules. A totally new approach, proposed for the first time by our research group, for the creation of advanced synthetic support structures for cell adhesion and proliferation is represented by molecular imprinting (MI) technology. In this article, we describe the synthesis and characterization of molecularly imprinted polymers with recognition properties toward a fibronectin peptide sequence and their application as functionalization structures. Polymers, in the form of densely fused microgel particles, were obtained by precipitation polymerization. The imprinted particles showed good performance in terms of recognition capacity and quantitative rebinding; moreover, the epitope effect was observed, with the particles able to recognize and rebind not only the specific peptide sequence but also a larger fibronectin fragment. The cytotoxicity tests showed normal vitality in C2C12 myoblasts cultured in a medium that was put in contact with the imprinted particles. Therefore, imprinted particles were used to functionalize synthetic polymeric films by deposition on their surface. The deposition of the imprinted particles did not alter their specific recognition and rebinding behavior. The most remarkable result was obtained by the biological characterization: in fact, the functionalized materials appeared able to promote cell adhesion and proliferation. These results are very promising and suggest that MI can be used as an innovative functionalization technique to prepare bioactive scaffolds with an effective capacity for improving tissue regeneration. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Biobased composite resins design for electronic materials
Authors: Zhan Mingjiang , Wool Richard P.
Published: July 2010

Biobased materials developed from triglycerides contain a large variety of structures, which makes it difficult to predict their properties. In this study, we used a structure–property relation to design biobased materials, both theoretically and experimentally. A general equation to predict the crosslink density in terms of the level of chemical functionalities of the triglycerides was derived and used as a design rule for high‐crosslinked polymer materials. The twinkling fractal theory and the Clausius–Mossotti equation were used to guide two approaches of synthesis to improve the properties of the biobased thermosets: the biobased resin acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) was either crosslinked with divinylbenzene (DVB) or chemically modified by phthalic anhydride. The DVB‐crosslinked resins had a 14–24°C increase in their glass‐transition temperatures (Tg′s), which was dependent on the crosslink densities. Tg increased linearly as the crosslink density increased. Phthalated acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (PAESO) had an 18–30% improvement in the modulus. The dielectric constants and loss tangents of both DVB‐crosslinked AESO and PAESO were lower than conventional dielectrics used for printed circuit boards (PCBs). These results suggest that the new biobased resins with lower carbon dioxide footprint are potential replacements for commercial petroleum‐based dielectric materials for PCBs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Physical and mechanical properties of nanocomposite barrier film containing encapsulated nanoclay
Authors: Mirzataheri Mojgan , Atai Mohammad , Mahdavian Ali Reza
Published: July 2010

Waterborne poly(styrene‐co‐butyl acrylate) was prepared via miniemulsion polymerization in which nanoclay (Cloisite® 30B, modified natural MMT) in different concentrations was encapsulated. Scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the encapsulation and intercalated‐exfoliated structure of Cloisite® 30B within poly(styrene‐co‐butyl acrylate). The effect of nanoclay content on water vapor permeability, water uptake, oxygen permeability, thermal, and mechanical properties of thin films containing 1.5, 2.56, 3.5, and 5.3 wt % encapsulated Cloisite® 30B in poly(styrene‐co‐butyl acrylate) was investigated. The presence of encapsulated Cloisite® 30B within the polymer matrix improved tensile strength, Young's modulus, and toughness of the nanocomposites depending on the nanoclay content. Water vapor transmission rate, oxygen barrier properties, and thermal stability were also improved. The results indicated that the incorporation of Cloisite® 30B in the form of encapsulated platelets improved physicomechanical properties of the nanoclay‐polymer composite barrier films. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Change in the dominant decadal patterns and the late 1980s abrupt warming in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Lo Tzu‐Ting , Hsu Huang‐Hsiung
Published: July 2010

Widespread abrupt warming in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere (NH) occurred in the late 1980s. This warming was associated with a change in the relative influence of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)‐like pattern and the Arctic Oscillation (AO)‐like pattern. The AO‐like pattern has had a dominant influence on the NH‐mean temperature since the late 1980s, whereas the influence of the PDO has weakened. The AO‐like mode appears as part of natural variability in the pre‐industrial simulations of the CMIP3/IPCC climate models. However, its emergence in the late 1980s was not simulated by most models with or without the observed increasing greenhouse effect in the 20th century. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Model of personal attitudes towards transit service quality
Authors: Habib Khandker M. Nurul , Kattan Lina , Islam Md. Tazul
Published: July 2010

This paper presents a critical investigation of reasons for using transit by residents of the City of Calgary, Canada. Reasons for using transit are expressed as functions of people's perceptions and attitudes towards transit service quality and attributes. A multinomial logit model combined with latent variable models is developed to capture unobserved latent variables in defining perceptions and attitudes. Using data from a transit customer satisfaction survey conducted in 2007 by Calgary Transit, this approach models the reasons for choosing transit and tests the significance of two individual specific latent variables: perceptions of ‘reliability and convenience’ and ‘ride comfort’. Many behavioural details are revealed that have important policy implications. Most importantly, it is found that the people of Calgary value ‘reliability and convenience’ over ‘ride comfort’. As for policy implications of the findings, it is clear that improving the connectivity of train service, reducing multimodal transfers, and increasing dedicated right‐of‐ways for transit would effectively increase transit ridership in Calgary. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Randomized clinical trial of gut-specific nutrients in critically ill surgical patients
Authors: Gatt M , MacFie J
Published: July 2010

Background

Inadequate gut function is common and may adversely affect prognosis. However, it is difficult to measure and treatment options are limited. This study evaluated whether gut-specific nutrients (GSNs) could stimulate the return of gut function in critically ill patients, and assessed what effect, if any, this would have on patient outcomes.

Methods

Consecutive critically ill patients intolerant to enteral feeding were randomized to receive a cocktail of GSNs or placebo. Administration was for 1 month and patients were followed for 3 months. The primary endpoint was the time to return of normal gut function.

Results

Twenty-five patients were randomized to each group. GSN administration was associated with a quicker return of normal gut function (median 164 versus 214 h; P = 0·016), attenuation of the acute-phase response and a lower incidence of sepsis (4 versus 13 patients, P = 0·015) compared with placebo. There were fewer deaths by 3 months in the GSN group but this did not achieve significance (2 versus 7 deaths; P = 0·138).

Conclusion

GSNs expedite the return of gut function in the critically ill and improve outcomes. Inadequate gut function may be associated with poor prognosis similar to that of other single organ failures. Registration number: ISRCTN61157513 (http://www.controlled-trials.com).
Simultaneous determination of atorvastatin, amlodipine, ramipril and benazepril in human plasma by LC‐MS/MS and its application to a human pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Pilli Nageswara Rao , Inamadugu Jaswanth Kumar , Mullangi Ramesh , Karra Vijaya Kumari , Vaidya Jayathirtha Rao , Seshagiri Rao J. V. L. N.
Published: July 2010

A rapid, simple, sensitive and specific LC‐MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of atorvastatin (ATO), amlodipine (AML), ramipril (RAM) and benazepril (BEN) using nevirapine as an internal standard (IS). The API‐4000 LC‐MS/MS was operated under the multiple‐reaction monitoring mode using electrospray ionization. Analytes and IS were extracted from plasma by simple liquid–liquid extraction technique using ethyl acetate. The reconstituted samples were chromatographed on C18 column by pumping 0.1% formic acid–acetonitrile (15:85, v/v) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. A detailed validation of the method was performed as per the FDA guidelines and the standard curves were found to be linear in the range of 0.26–210 ng/mL for ATO; 0.05–20.5 ng/mL for AML; 0.25–208 ng/mL for RAM and 0.74–607 ng/mL for BEN with mean correlation coefficient of ≥0.99 for each analyte. The intra‐day and inter‐day precision and accuracy results were well with in the acceptable limits. A run time of 2.5 min for each sample made it possible to analyze more than 400 human plasma samples per day. The developed assay method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in human male volunteers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of anastrozole in human plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Yu Jia , He Jifen , Zhang Yi , Qin Feng , Xiong Zhili , Li Famei
Published: July 2010

A fast, selective and sensitive ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for determination and pharmacokinetic study of anastrozole in human plasma. Plasma sample pretreatment involved a one‐step extraction with diethyl ether of 500 µL plasma. The chromatographic separation was carried out on an Acquity UPLCTM BEH C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of methanol–10 mmol/L ammonium acetate (75:25, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.30 mL/min. The detection was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer by multiple reaction monitoring via electrospray ionization source with positive mode. A high throughput was achieved with a run time of 1.5 min per sample. The standard curve for anastrozole was linear (r2 ≥ 0.99) over the concentration range of 0.0550–27.5 ng/mL with a lower limit of quantification of 0.0550 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision (relative standard deviation) values were not higher than 14% and the accuracy (relative error) was within ±3.2% at three quality control levels. This simple, fast and highly sensitive method was fully validated and successfully applied to a clinical pharmacokinetic study of anastrozole in healthy volunteers after oral administration. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selection and optimization of MCF‐7 cell line for screening selective inhibitors of 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2
Authors: Kim Chi Hyun , Cho Young Sik
Published: July 2010

An 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β‐HSD1) produces glucocorticoid (GC) from 11‐keto metabolite, and its modulation has been suggested as a novel approach to treat metabolic diseases. In contrast, type 2 isozyme 11β‐HSD2 is involved in the inactivation of glucocorticoids (GCs), protecting the non‐selective mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) from GCs in kidney. Therefore, when 11β‐HSD1 inhibitors are pursued to treat the metabolic syndrome, preferential selectivity of inhibitors for type 1 over type 2 isozyme is rather important than inhibitory potency. Primarily, to search for cell lines with 11β‐HSD2 activity, we investigated the expression profiles of enzymes or receptors relevant to GC metabolism in breast, colon, and bone‐derived cell lines. We demonstrated that MCF‐7 cells had high expression for 11β‐HSD2, but not for 11β‐HSD1 with its cognate receptor. Next, for the determination of enzyme activity indirectly, we adopted homogeneous time resolved fluorescence (HTRF) cortisol assay. Obviously, the feasibility of HTRF to cellular 11β‐HSD2 was corroborated by constructing inhibitory response to an 11b‐HSD2 inhibitor glycyrrhetinic acid (GA). Taken together, MCF‐7 that overexpresses type 2 but not type 1 enzyme is chosen for cellular 11β‐HSD2 assay, and our results show that a nonradioactive HTRF assay is applicable for type 2 as well as type 1 isozyme. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stabilities of Trityl‐Protected Substrates: The Wide Mechanistic Spectrum of Trityl Ester Hydrolyses
Authors: Horn Markus , Mayr Herbert
Published: July 2010

Ionization rates of para‐substituted triphenylmethyl (trityl) acetates, benzoates, and para‐nitrobenzoates have been determined in aqueous acetonitrile and aqueous acetone at 25 °C. Conventional and stopped‐flow techniques have been used to evaluate rate constants ranging from 1.38×10−5 to 2.15×102 s−1 by conductimetry and photospectrometry methods. The varying stabilities of the differently substituted tritylium ions account for a gradual change of reaction mechanism. Poorly stabilized carbocations are generated slowly by the ionization of their covalent precursors and trapped fast by water. Better stabilized carbocations are generated more rapidly and accumulate, so that ionization and trapping by water can be observed as separate steps in a single experiment. Finally, highly stabilized tritylium ions do not react with water, and only the rates of their formation could be measured. The ionization rate constants correlate linearly with Winstein’s ionizing powers Y; the low slopes (0.17<m<0.58) indicate non‐carbocation‐like transition states. While the correlation between the ionization rates and Hammett‐Brown’s σ+ parameters is excellent for symmetrically substituted tritylium derivatives, deviations for unsymmetrically substituted systems are observed. The failing rate–equilibrium relationship between the rates of ionizations (log kion) and the stabilities of the carbocations in aqueous solution (pK) may be explained by the late development of resonance between a p‐amino group and the carbocationic center of the tritylium ion during the ionization process.
ChemInform Abstract: Free and Polymer‐Bound Tricyclic Azaphosphatranes HP(RNCH2CH2)3N+: Procatalysts in Dehydrohalogenations and Debrominations with NaH.
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Verkade John G.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Density Functional Theory Study of the Gas‐Phase Hydrolysis of Dinitrogen Pentoxide
Authors: Snyder James A. , Hanway Denise , Mendez Julio , Jamka Alan J. , Tao Fu‐Ming
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Growth of MxGa2/3(1‐x)Cr2Se4 (M: Cd, Zn) Single Crystals by Chemical Vapor Transport and Their Crystal Structure.
Authors: Okonska‐Kozlowska I. , Malicka E. , Nagel R. , Lutz H. D.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Alkyl Glycerolipids with Various Cationic Groups Linked Directly to the Glycerol Backbone.
Authors: Maslov M. A. , Sycheva E. V. , Morozova N. G. , Serebrennikova G. A.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition of a Grignard Reagent to Bis‐spiroacetal Aldehydes: Appendage of a Tetrahydrofuran Ring.
Authors: Brimble Margaret A. , Prabaharan Hishani
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Alternative Synthesis of a Sex Pheromone of the Dry Bean Beetle Callosobruchus analis.
Authors: Grigor'eva N. Ya. , Tsiklauri P. G. , Pinsker O. A.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Resveratrol Tetramers from Vatica diospyroides.
Authors: Seo Eun‐Kyoung , Chai Heebyung , Constant Howard L. , Santisuk Thawatchai , Reutrakul Vichai , Beecher Christopher W. W. , Farnsworth Norman R. , Cordell Geoffrey A. , Pezzuto John M. , Kinghorn A. Douglas
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel C19 Homolignans, Taiwanschirin A, B, and Cytotoxic Taiwanschirin C, and a New C18 Lignan, Schizanrin A, from Schizandra arisanensis.
Authors: Kuo Yao‐Haur , Huang Hui‐Chi , Kuo Li‐Ming Yang , Chen Chieh‐Fu
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Squamotacin.
Authors: Sinha Santosh C. , Sinha Subhash C. , Keinan Ehud
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Conformational Properties of Epothilone.
Authors: Taylor Richard E. , Zajicek Jaroslav
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Growth and Characterization of Y2O3:Tm Thin‐Film Blue‐Emitting Phosphor.
Authors: Nakanishi Y. , Wada H. , Kominami H. , Kottaisamy M. , Aoki T. , Hatanaka Y.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Processing and Properties of Nanograin Silicon Carbide.
Authors: Vassen Robert , Stoever Detlev
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Valence Compounds at the Border to Intermetallics. Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Stannides and Plumbides
Authors: Fassler T. F. , Hoffmann S.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Helicates and Related Metallosupramolecular Assemblies: Toward Structurally Controlled and Functional Devices
Authors: Piguet Claude
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in the Creation of Filled Nanotubes and Novel Nanowires
Authors: Terrones M. , Grobert N. , Hsu W. K. , Zhu Y. Q. , Hu W. B. , Terrones H. , Hare J. P. , Kroto H. W. , Walton D. R. M.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Strigol‐Type Germination Stimulants: The C‐2′ Configuration Problem
Authors: Welzel Peter , Roehrig Susanne , Milkova Zenka
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Fluoro Amines and Their Analogues as Fluorinating Reagents in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Furin G. G. , Fainzilberg A. A.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enaminones: Versatile Intermediates for Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Michael Joseph P. , De Koning Charles B. , Gravestock David , Hosken Gladys D. , Howard Arthur S. , Jungmann Christa M. , Krause Rui W. M. , Parsons Andrew S. , Pelly Stephen C. , Stanbury Trevor V.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of a Novel Class of Highly Potent Selective and Orally Active Non‐peptide Bradykinin B2 Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Kayakiri Hiroshi , Abe Yoshito , Oku Teruo
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Reagents for Activation and Functionalization of Carbon—Fluorine Bonds
Authors: Richmond Thomas G.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies of Highly Functionalized γ‐Lactam Natural Products, PI‐091 and Epolactaene
Authors: Shiraki Ryota , Tadano Kin‐Ichi
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Use of Guideline‐Recommended Therapies for Heart Failure in the Medicare Population
Authors: DiMartino Lisa D. , Shea Alisa M. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Curtis Lesley H.
Published: July 2010

Background

Most information about the use of guideline‐recommended therapies for heart failure reflects what occurred at discharge after an inpatient stay.

Hypothesis

Using a nationally representative, community‐dwelling sample of elderly Medicare beneficiaries, we examined how the use of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and β‐blockers has changed and factors associated with their use.

Methods

Using data from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey cost and use files matched with Medicare claims data, we identified beneficiaries for whom a diagnosis of heart failure was reported between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2004. Data on medications prescribed during the year of cohort entry were based on patient self‐report. We used multivariable logistic regression to explore relationships between the use of ACE inhibitors/ARBs and β‐blockers and patient demographic characteristics.

Results

From 2000 through 2004, the use of ARBs increased from 12% to 19%, and the use of β‐blockers increased from 30% to 41%. The use of ACE inhibitors remained constant at 45%. Beneficiaries who reported having prescription drug insurance coverage were 32% more likely than other beneficiaries to have filled a prescription for an ACE inhibitor or ARB and 26% more likely to have filled a prescription for a β‐blocker.

Conclusions

Although the use of guideline‐recommended therapies for heart failure has increased, it remains suboptimal. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Permanent Pacemaker and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Infections: Seven Years of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Experience of a Single Center
Authors: Cengiz Mustafa , Okutucu Sercan , Ascioglu Sibel , Şahin Abdurrahman , Aksoy Hakan , Sinan Deveci Onur , Baris Kaya Ergun , Aytemir Kudret , Kabakci Giray , Tokgozoglu Lale , Ozkutlu Hilmi , Oto Ali
Published: July 2010

Background

Increasing evidence‐based indications for the implantation of permanent pacemakers (PMs) and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) have led to an increase in the rate of device infections. The aim of the present study was to evaluate infection frequency, clinical characteristics, risk factors, and microbiologic and therapeutic features in patients with PM/ICD infections.

Hypothesis

Clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients can affect the PM/ICD infections.

Methods

The PM/ICD infection group consisted of 57 patients diagnosed and treated with PM/ICD infections in our hospital. The control group in this case‐control study consisted of 833 patients in whom a PM or ICD had been implanted and no infections were noted.

Results

Patients with PM/ICD infections (median age 65 years; range, 18–104 years) were older than those without PM/ICD infections (median age 58 years; range, 18–86 years; P = 0.005). The percentage of generator replacement was higher in the PM/ICD infection group compared with the control group (16% vs 8%, P = 0.003). Independent predictors of PM/ICD infections were advanced age (>60 years; odds ratio [OR]: 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–4.0, P = 0.021) and device revision (OR: 3.8, 95% CI: 1.5–5.5, P = 0.002). Primary antibiotic prophylaxis during the procedure reduced the risk for PM/ICD infection (OR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.4–0.8, P = 0.011).

Conclusions

PM/ICD infections occur in a significant number of patients. It is important to be aware of the risk factors for PM/ICD infections so that patients with an increased risk can be identified and preventive measures can be implemented. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Effectiveness and Cost Effectiveness of Public‐Access Defibrillation
Authors: Winkle Roger A.
Published: July 2010

Many sudden cardiac deaths are due to ventricular fibrillation (VF). The use of defibrillators in hospitals or by outpatient emergency medical services (EMS) personnel can save many cardiac‐arrest victims. Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) permit defibrillation by trained first responders and laypersons. AEDs are available at most public venues, and vast sums of money are spent installing and maintaining these devices. AEDs have been evaluated in a variety of public and private settings. AEDs accurately identify malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias and frequently result in successful defibrillation. Prompt application of an AED shows a greater number of patients in VF compared with initial rhythms documented by later‐arriving EMS personnel. Survival is greatest when the AED is placed within 3 to 5 minutes of a witnessed collapse. Community‐based studies show increased cardiac‐arrest survival when first responders are equipped with AEDs rather than waiting for paramedics to defibrillate. Wide dissemination of AEDs throughout a community increases survival from cardiac arrest when the AED is used; however, the AEDs are utilized in a very small percentage of all out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests. AEDs save very few lives in residential units such as private homes or apartment complexes. AEDs are cost effective at sites where there is a high density of both potential victims and resuscitators. Placement at golf courses, health clubs, and similar venues is not cost effective; however, the visible devices are good for public awareness of the problem of sudden cardiac death and provide reassurance to patrons. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐Term Outcome of 4 Korean Families With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Caused by 4 Different Mutations
Authors: Choi Jin‐Oh , Yu Cheol‐Woong , Chun Nah Jong , Rang Park Jeong , Lee Bok‐Soo , Jeong Choi Yu , Cho Byung‐Ryul , Lee Sang‐Chol , Woo Park Seung , Kimura Akinori , Euy Park Jeong
Published: July 2010

Background

We sought to describe the long‐term outcome of individuals in 4 Korean families with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with known mutations.

Hypothesis

Long‐term clinical features of familial HCM might be characterized according to the mutation causing HCM.

Methods

We performed long‐term (mean, 13.1 y) clinical evaluations on 46 subjects from 4 Korean families with different mutations.

Results

Myosin light chain 3 gene (MYL3) mutation was associated with late‐onset HCM with relatively poor prognosis; 1 sudden cardiac death and 2 cases of heart failure with atrial fibrillation occurred among 12 subjects with this mutation. Myosin binding protein C gene (MYBPC3) mutation was associated with 2 cases of sudden cardiac death and 3 cases of heart failure among 7 affected members. Cardiac troponin I type 3 gene (TNNI3) mutation was associated with 5 deaths related to atrial fibrillation and stroke among 12 mutation‐positive members. Myosin heavy chain 7 gene (MYH7) mutation was associated with 11 deaths in 15 affected members.

Conclusions

The clinical course was quite different for different HCM mutations. Even within the same family, individuals carrying the same mutation differed in disease expression and prognosis. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessment of Atherothrombosis and Its Treatment in Mexico: First‐Year Data of the REACH Registry
Authors: Gaxiola Efraín , Eng‐Ceceña Luis , Ortiz‐Galván Fernando , Llamas‐López Leonardo , Rangel‐Guerra Ricardo , Alcocer‐Gamba Marco A. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Gabriel Steg P. ,   and the REACH Registry Investigators
Published: July 2010

Background

Atherothrombosis, a generalized and progressive process, is currently a major healthcare problem in Mexico.

Methods

The worldwide Reduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) registry aimed to evaluate risk factors for atherosclerosis, long‐term cardiovascular (CV) event rates, and current management of either patients with established symptomatic atherosclerotic disease or asymptomatic subjects with multiple risk factors for atherothrombotic disease. One‐year follow‐up of the global REACH database was available for 64 977 outpatients. This report includes the Mexican subregistry wherein 62 internists, cardiologists, and neurologists evaluated baseline patient characteristics, risk factors, medications, and CV event rates as primary outcomes at 1‐year follow‐up.

Results

Complete 1‐year follow‐up data were available for 837 Mexicans. We observed a high prevalence of diabetes (47.1%), hypertension (74.7%), and hypercholesterolemia (57.8%). Antiplatelet, antihypertensive and/or glucose‐lowering agents, and lipid‐lowering drugs were used in 87.6%, 84.1%, and 61% of patients, respectively. The all‐cause mortality rate was 3.3%. The composite outcome CV death/myocardial infarction/stroke/hospitalization for atherothrombotic events was higher in the symptomatic group (14.6%) than in asymptomatic subjects with multiple risk factors (5.1%; P = 0.01), similar to Latin American results of the global REACH report. The highest CV event rate occurred among symptomatic atherothrombotic patients with 3 vascular disease locations (30.2%), followed by those with 2 (21.9%) and 1 location (13.4%; P = 0.0006).

Conclusions

Prevalence of risk factors and CV event rates including hospitalization in Mexican atherothrombotic patients was high despite the current medication use, which suggests it is necessary to have more aggressive risk‐factor management. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Effects of Hydrophilic Polymer and Soil Salinity on Corn Growth in Sandy and Loamy Soils
Authors: Dorraji Soheyla Seyed , Golchin Ahmad , Ahmadi Shervin
Published: July 2010

The interaction effects of different applied ratios of a hydrophilic polymer (Superab A200) (0, 0.2, 0.6% w/w) under various soil salinity levels (initial salinity, 4 and 8 ms/cm) were evaluated on available water content (AWC), biomass, and water use efficiency for corn grown in loamy sand and sandy clay loam soils. The results showed that the highest AWC was measured at the lowest soil salinity. The application of 0.6% w/w of the polymer at the lowest salinity level increased the AWC by 2.2 and 1.2 times greater than those of control in the loamy sand and sandy clay loam soils, respectively. The analysis of variance of data showed that the effect of salinity was significant on biomass and water use efficiency of corn in the loamy sand and sandy clay loam soils. The highest amounts of these traits were measured in soils with the lowest salinity level. Application of polymer at the rate of 0.6% in the loamy sand soil and at the rate of 0.2% in the sandy clay loam soil resulted in the highest aerial and root biomass and water use efficiency for corn. At these polymer rates the amounts of water use efficiency for corn were 2.6 and 1.7 times greater than those of control in the loamy sand and sandy clay loam soils, respectively. Thus, the use of hydrophilic polymer in soils especially in the sandy soils increases soil water holding capacity, yield, and water use efficiency of plant. On the other hand, decreases the negative effect of soil salinity on plant and helps for irrigation projects to succeed in arid and semi‐arid areas.
Bidentate Zinc Chelators for α‐Carbonic Anhydrases that Produce a Trigonal Bipyramidal Coordination Geometry
Authors: Schulze Wischeler Johannes , Innocenti Alessio , Vullo Daniela , Agrawal Arpita , Cohen Seth M. , Heine Andreas , Supuran Claudiu T. , Klebe Gerhard
Published: July 2010

A series of new zinc binding groups (ZBGs) has been evaluated kinetically on 13 carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms. The fragments show affinity for all isoforms with IC50 values in the range of 2–11 μM. The crystal structure of hCA II in complex with one such fragment reveals a bidentate binding mode with a trigonal‐bipyramidal coordination geometry at the Zn2+ center. The fragment also interacts with Thr199 and Thr200 through hydrogen bonding and participates in a water network. Further development of this ZBG should increase the binding affinity leading to a structurally distinct and promising class of CA inhibitors.
Factors associated with the development of brain metastases
Authors: Hubbs Jessica L. , Boyd Jessamy A. , Hollis Donna , Chino Junzo P. , Saynak Mert , Kelsey Chris R.
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND

The risk of developing brain metastases after definitive treatment of locally advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is approximately 30%‐50%. The risk for patients with early stage disease is less defined. The authors sought to investigate this further and to study potential risk factors.

METHODS

The records of all patients who underwent surgery for T1‐T2 N0‐N1 NSCLC at Duke University between the years 1995 and 2005 were reviewed. The cumulative incidence of brain metastases and distant metastases was estimated by using the Kaplan‐Meier method. A multivariate analysis assessed factors associated with the development of brain metastases.

RESULTS

Of 975 consecutive patients, 85% were stage I, and 15% were stage II. Adjuvant chemotherapy was given to 7%. The 5‐year actuarial risk of developing brain metastases and distant metastases was 10%(95% confidence interval [CI], 8‐13) and 34%(95% CI, 30‐39), respectively. Of patients developing brain metastases, the brain was the sole site of failure in 43%. On multivariate analysis, younger age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.03 per year), larger tumor size (HR, 1.26 per cm), lymphovascular space invasion (HR, 1.87), and hilar lymph node involvement (HR, 1.18) were associated with an increased risk of developing brain metastases.

CONCLUSIONS

In this large series of patients treated surgically for early stage NSCLC, the 5‐year actuarial risk of developing brain metastases was 10%. A better understanding of predictive factors and biological susceptibility is needed to identify the subset of patients with early stage NSCLC who are at particularly high risk. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
BRAF, a target in melanoma
Authors: Flaherty Keith T. , McArthur Grant
Published: July 2010

The successful translation of therapies targeting signal‐transduction pathways that are activated by oncogenes has provided a model for molecularly targeted therapy, and the identification of mutations in v‐raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF), a serine/threonine kinase, has turned the attention of the melanoma field toward this concept. The current review indicated that BRAF represents an important target in cancer, in part because it is present in 7% of all cancers and also because it represents the first intracellular signaling molecule that is activated by point mutations for which single‐agent therapy appears to have efficacy. Therapy for advanced melanoma has progressed slowly over the past 3 decades, although significant advances have been made in other cancers with the application of cytotoxic chemotherapy and targeted therapies. However, in melanoma, cytotoxic chemotherapies have severe limits, chemotherapy does not convincingly improve on the natural history of metastatic disease and has no role in the adjuvant setting, and cytokine therapy may have a niche in both the adjuvant and metastatic settings but confers only a modest benefit to a small proportion of patients at the cost of severe toxicity. Thus, there are few other cancers in which completely novel therapies are so highly prioritized in clinical research. Understanding network of signal‐transduction pathways and how that network may adapt to BRAF inhibition or mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase inhibition will point to the next generation of clinical trials investigating rational combination regimens. The current investigations in melanoma will create a set of hypotheses to be tested in each cancer that harbors BRAF mutations. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
African ancestry and higher prevalence of triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Stark Azadeh , Kleer Celina G. , Martin Iman , Awuah Baffour , Nsiah‐Asare Anthony , Takyi Valerie , Braman Maria , E. Quayson Solomon , Zarbo Richard , Wicha Max , Newman Lisa
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND:

The study of breast cancer in women with African ancestry offers the promise of identifying markers for risk assessment and treatment of triple‐negative disease.

METHODS:

African American and white American women with invasive cancer diagnosed at the Henry Ford Health System comprised the primary study population, and Ghanaian patients diagnosed and/or treated at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana constituted the comparison group. Formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded specimens were transported to the University of Michigan for histopathology confirmation, and assessment of estrogen and progesterone receptors and HER‐2/neu expression.

RESULTS:

The study population included 1008 white Americans, 581 African Americans, and 75 Ghanaians. Mean age at diagnosis was 48.0 years for Ghanaian, 60.8 years for African American, and 62.4 for white American cases (P = .002). Proportions of Ghanaian, African American, and white American cases with estrogen receptor‐negative tumors were 76%, 36%, and 22%, respectively (P < .001), and proportions with triple‐negative disease were 82%, 26%, and 16%, respectively (P < .001). All Ghanaian cases were palpable, locally advanced cancers; 57 (76%) were grade 3. A total of 147 American women were diagnosed as stage III or IV; of these, 67.5% (n = 46) of African Americans and 44.6% (n = 29) of white Americans were grade 3. Among palpable, grade 3 cancers, Ghanaians had the highest prevalence of triple‐negative tumors (82.2%), followed by African Americans (32.8%) and white Americans (10.2%).

CONCLUSIONS:

Our study demonstrates progressively increasing frequency of estrogen receptor‐negative and triple‐negative tumors among breast cancer patients with white American, African American, and Ghanaian/African backgrounds. This pattern indicates a need for additional investigations correlating the extent of African ancestry and high‐risk breast cancer subtypes. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Chromosome 9p deletions identify an aggressive phenotype of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: La Rochelle Jeffrey , Klatte Tobias , Dastane Aditi , Rao Nagesh , Seligson David , Said Jonathan , Shuch Brian , Zomorodian Nazy , Kabbinavar Fairooz , Belldegrun Arie , Pantuck Allan J.
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND:

The authors investigated whether deletion of chromosome 9p in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) predicted worse disease‐specific survival (DSS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and whether it was associated with more aggressive behavior in small renal masses.

METHODS:

In total, 703 ccRCC tumors were analyzed using fluorescence in situ hybridization (316 tumors) and cytogenetics (388 tumors). Tumor grade, classification, and size; 9p status; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS); lymph node involvement; and the presence of metastasis were recorded. Outcomes were stratified by 9p status, and a Cox proportional hazards models was constructed using TNM staging, ECOG PS, tumor size, tumor grade, and 9p status.

RESULTS:

Deletions of 9p were detected in 97 tumors (13.8%). At presentation, 9p‐deleted tumors were larger and were more likely to be high grade (grade 3 or 4), to have a high tumor (T) classification (T3‐T4), and to have lymph node or distant metastases (P < .01). The median DSS for patients with and without 9p deletions was 37 months and 82 months, respectively (P < .01). In patients with localized disease, the median RFS in those who had 9p deletions was 53 months and was not reached in those without 9p deletions (P < .01). In patients who had localized lesions that measured ≤4 cm in greatest dimension, 9p‐deleted tumors were more likely to recur (19% vs 2%; P = .01).

CONCLUSIONS:

Deletion of chromosome 9p in ccRCC occurred in 14% of patients and was associated with higher grade and T classification, and the presence of lymph node and distant metastases. In addition, 9p deletion independently conferred a worse prognosis for patients with localized ccRCC, and most noteworthy, in patients with localized, small renal masses. Preoperatively identifying patients with 9p deletions will improve risk stratification and will help to select appropriate patients for surveillance protocols or aggressive treatment. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Phase 1‐2 trial of PTK787/ZK222584 combined with intravenous doxorubicin for treatment of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yau Thomas , Chan Pierre , Pang Roberta , Ng Kelvin , Fan S. T. , Poon Ronnie T.
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND:

This phase 1‐2 trial assessed the efficacy and tolerability of an oral angiogenesis inhibitor—PTK787/ZK222584 (PTK)—in combination with intravenous doxorubicin for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.

METHODS:

In phase 1, advanced HCC patients received PTK at escalating doses together with doxorubicin 60 mg/m2 given as an intravenous bolus every 3 weeks to establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Subsequently, in phase 2, all patients received the same regimen with oral PTK at the MTD dose every 3 weeks for a maximum of 6 cycles.

RESULTS:

Nine patients were recruited in phase 1, with the MTD established as 750 mg daily. Overall, 27 patients received the regimen with PTK at 750 mg daily. The median age was 52 years (range, 23‐73 years), and 63 percent of patients were chronic hepatitis B carriers. Notably, the majority of patients had Child‐Pugh B cirrhosis. The overall response rate was 26.0%, with all the responding patients having partial response. Another 20% of patients achieved stable disease for at least 12 weeks. The median progression‐free survival was 5.4 months (range, 0.27‐23.6 months), and overall survival was 7.3 months (range, 0.8‐23.6 months). The commonest grade 3 or 4 nonhematological toxicities were mucositis (11%) and alopecia (7%), respectively. Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia was observed in 7 (26%) patients; 2 had neutropenic sepsis.

CONCLUSIONS:

The combination of PTK with intravenous doxorubicin shows encouraging activity in treating advanced HCC patients. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.