bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do They See a Half-Full Water Cooler?
Authors: Jimenez William P. , Hu Xiaoxiao , Kenneally Chad , Wei Feng
Published: June 2021

Abstract. In the present study, relationships among group composition of trait optimism (the mean, standard deviation, and minimum and maximum scores of optimism), group cohesion, and three group performance variables (task performance, contextual performance, and creative performance) were examined. Multisource data were collected from 56 workgroups including 202 group members and 56 group leaders. We found that the mean, maximum, and minimum operationalizations of group optimism composition were positively related to the three group performance variables and that group cohesion mediated the optimism–performance relationships for the mean and minimum operationalizations of group optimism. We recommend that practitioners generally consider selecting optimistic individuals and consider that the trait optimism level of a group's least and most optimistic members may impact group outcomes.
Snow Water Equivalent Retrieval Using Active and Passive Microwave Observations
Authors: Zhu Jiyue , Tan Shurun , Tsang Leung , Kang Do‐Hyuk , Kim Edward
Published: June 2021

This paper implements a newly developed combined active and passive algorithm for the retrieval of snow water equivalent (SWE) by using three‐channel active and two‐channel passive observations. First, passive microwave observations at 19 and 37 GHz are used to determine the scattering albedo of snow. An a priori scattering albedo is obtained by averaging over time series observations. Second, 13.3 GHz is introduced to formulate a three‐channel (9.6, 13.3, and 17.2 GHz) radar algorithm which reduces effects of background scattering from the snow‐soil interface, and improves SWE retrieval. In the algorithm, the bicontinuous dense media radiative transfer (DMRT‐Bic) is used to compute look‐up tables (LUTs) of both radar backscatter and radiometer brightness temperatures (TBs) of the snowpack. To accelerate the retrieval, a parameterized model is derived from LUT by regression training, which links backscatter to the scattering albedo at 9.6 GHz or 13.3 GHz and to SWE. The volume scattering of snow is obtained by subtracting the background scattering from radar observations. SWE is then retrieved through a cost function that is guided by the a priori scattering albedo obtained from the passive microwave observations. The proposed algorithm, along with the active‐only version, is evaluated against the Finnish Nordic Snow Radar Experiment (NoSREx) data set measured in 2009–2013. The combined active‐passive algorithm achieves root mean square errors (RSME) less than 27 mm and correlation coefficients above 0.68 for 2009–2010, RMSE less than 21 mm and correlation above 0.85 for 2010–2011, and RMSE less than 40 mm and correlation above 0.38 for 2012–2013.
An Ecogeomorphic Framework Coupling Sediment Modeling With Invasive Riparian Vegetation Dynamics
Authors: Gilbert Jordan T. , Wilcox Andrew C.
Published: June 2021

Feedbacks between geomorphic processes and riparian vegetation in river systems are an important control on fluvial morphodynamics and on vegetation composition and distribution. Invasion by nonnative riparian species alters these feedbacks and drives management and restoration along many rivers, highlighting a need for ecogeomorphic models to assist with understanding feedbacks between plants and fluvial processes, and with restoration planning. In this study, we coupled a network‐scale sediment model (Sediment Routing and Floodplain Exchange; SeRFE) that simulates bank erosion and sediment transport in a spatially explicit manner with a recruitment potential analysis for a species of riparian vegetation (Arundo donax) that has invaded river systems and wetlands in Mediterranean climates worldwide. We used the resulting ecogeomorphic framework to understand both network‐scale sediment balances and the spread and recruitment of A. donax in the Santa Clara River watershed of Southern California. In the coupled model, we simulated a 1‐year time period during which a 5‐year recurrence interval flood occurred in the mainstem Santa Clara River. Outputs identify key areas acting as sources of A. donax rhizomes, which are subsequently transported by flood flows and deposited in reaches downstream. These results were validated in three study reaches, where we assessed postflood geomorphic and vegetation changes. The analysis demonstrates how a coupled model approach is able to highlight basin‐scale ecogeomorphic dynamics in a manner that is useful for restoration planning and prioritization and can be adapted to analogous ecogeomorphic questions in other watersheds.
Recurrent neural network-based acute concussion classifier using raw resting state EEG data
Authors: Thanjavur Karun , Babul Arif , Foran Brandon , Bielecki Maya , Gilchrist Adam , Hristopulos Dionissios T. , Brucar Leyla R. , Virji-Babul Naznin
Published: June 2021

Concussion is a global health concern. Despite its high prevalence, a sound understanding of the mechanisms underlying this type of diffuse brain injury remains elusive. It is, however, well established that concussions cause significant functional deficits; that children and youths are disproportionately affected and have longer recovery time than adults; and that individuals suffering from a concussion are more prone to experience additional concussions, with each successive injury increasing the risk of long term neurological and mental health complications. Currently, the most significant challenge in concussion management is the lack of objective, clinically- accepted, brain-based approaches for determining whether an athlete has suffered a concussion. Here, we report on our efforts to address this challenge. Specifically, we introduce a deep learning long short-term memory (LSTM)-based recurrent neural network that is able to distinguish between non-concussed and acute post-concussed adolescent athletes using only short (i.e. 90 s long) samples of resting state EEG data as input. The athletes were neither required to perform a specific task nor expected to respond to a stimulus during data collection. The acquired EEG data were neither filtered, cleaned of artefacts, nor subjected to explicit feature extraction. The LSTM network was trained and validated using data from 27 male, adolescent athletes with sports related concussion, benchmarked against 35 non-concussed adolescent athletes. During rigorous testing, the classifier consistently identified concussions with an accuracy of > 90% and achieved an ensemble median Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC/AUC) equal to 0.971. This is the first instance of a high-performing classifier that relies only on easy-to-acquire resting state, raw EEG data. Our concussion classifier represents a promising first step towards the development of an easy-to-use, objective, brain-based, automatic classification of concussion at an individual level.
Cholesterol-dependent transcriptome remodeling reveals new insight into the contribution of cholesterol to Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis
Authors: Pawełczyk Jakub , Brzostek Anna , Minias Alina , Płociński Przemysław , Rumijowska-Galewicz Anna , Strapagiel Dominik , Zakrzewska-Czerwińska Jolanta , Dziadek Jarosław
Published: June 2021

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is an obligate human pathogen that can adapt to the various nutrients available during its life cycle. However, in the nutritionally stringent environment of the macrophage phagolysosome, Mtb relies mainly on cholesterol. In previous studies, we demonstrated that Mtb can accumulate and utilize cholesterol as the sole carbon source. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that a lipid-rich environment may have a much broader impact on the pathogenesis of Mtb infection than previously thought. Therefore, we applied high-resolution transcriptome profiling and the construction of various mutants to explore in detail the global effect of cholesterol on the tubercle bacillus metabolism. The results allow re-establishing the complete list of genes potentially involved in cholesterol breakdown. Moreover, we identified the modulatory effect of vitamin B12 on Mtb transcriptome and the novel function of cobalamin in cholesterol metabolite dissipation which explains the probable role of B12 in Mtb virulence. Finally, we demonstrate that a key role of cholesterol in mycobacterial metabolism is not only providing carbon and energy but involves also a transcriptome remodeling program that helps in developing tolerance to the unfavorable host cell environment far before specific stress-inducing phagosomal signals occur.
Monocyte subset distribution and surface expression of HLA-DR and CD14 in patients after cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Asmussen Alexander , Busch Hans-Jörg , Helbing Thomas , Bemtgen Xavier , Smolka Christian , Bode Christoph , Fink Katrin , Grundmann Sebastian
Published: June 2021

Systemic inflammation is a major feature of the post-cardiac arrest syndrome. The three monocyte subpopulations are thought to play an important role in this inflammatory state because they are endowed with numerous pattern recognition receptors, such as CD14, that have been associated with ischemia–reperfusion injury. By contrast, an exaggerated antiinflammatory response has also been described following cardiac arrest, which may be mediated by downregulation of antigen presentation receptor HLA-DR. We report the composition of monocyte subpopulations and the expression of CD14 and HLA-DR following cardiac arrest. Blood specimens were collected from 32 patients at three timepoints in the first 48 h after cardiac arrest. Monocyte subset composition was determined by flow cytometry based on the expression of CD14, CD16, and HLA-DR. Monocyte subset composition and the expression of CD14 and HLA-DR were correlated with patient outcomes. The results were compared to 19 patients with coronary artery disease. Cardiac arrest patients showed a significant decline in the percentage of nonclassical monocytes. Monocyte CD14 expression was upregulated after 24 h and correlated with the time to return of spontaneous circulation. Downregulation of HLA-DR expression was observed mainly among classical monocytes and significantly correlated with the dose of norepinephrine used to treat shock. Downregulation of HLA-DR among nonclassical and intermediate monocytes was significantly associated with disease severity. Our data demonstrate the disturbance of monocyte subset composition with a significant decline in nonclassical monocytes at an early stage following cardiac arrest. Our findings suggest the simultaneous presence of hyperinflammation, as evidenced by upregulation of CD14, and monocyte deactivation, characterized by downregulation of HLA-DR. The extent of monocyte deactivation was significantly correlated with disease severity.
Structural basis for plazomicin antibiotic action and resistance
Authors: Golkar Tolou , Bassenden Angelia V. , Maiti Krishnagopal , Arya Dev P. , Schmeing T. Martin , Berghuis Albert M.
Published: June 2021

The approval of plazomicin broadened the clinical library of aminoglycosides available for use against emerging bacterial pathogens. Contrarily to other aminoglycosides, resistance to plazomicin is limited; still, instances of resistance have been reported in clinical settings. Here, we present structural insights into the mechanism of plazomicin action and the mechanisms of clinical resistance. The structural data reveal that plazomicin exclusively binds to the 16S ribosomal A site, where it likely interferes with the fidelity of mRNA translation. The unique extensions to the core aminoglycoside scaffold incorporated into the structure of plazomicin do not interfere with ribosome binding, which is analogously seen in the binding of this antibiotic to the AAC(2′)-Ia resistance enzyme. The data provides a structural rationale for resistance conferred by drug acetylation and ribosome methylation, i.e., the two mechanisms of resistance observed clinically. Finally, the crystal structures of plazomicin in complex with both its target and the clinically relevant resistance factor provide a roadmap for next-generation drug development that aims to ameliorate the impact of antibiotic resistance.
Corner states in a second-order mechanical topological insulator
Authors: Chen Chun-Wei , Chaunsali Rajesh , Christensen Johan , Theocharis Georgios , Yang Jinkyu
Published: June 2021

Demonstration of topological boundary modes in elastic systems has attracted a great deal of attention over the past few years due to its unique protection characteristic. Recently, second-order topological insulators have been proposed in manipulating the topologically protected localized states emerging only at corners. Here, we numerically and experimentally study corner states in a two-dimensional phononic crystal, namely a continuous elastic plate with embedded bolts in a hexagonal pattern. We create interfacial corners by adjoining trivial and non-trivial topological configurations. Due to the rich interaction between the bolts and the continuous elastic plate, we find a variety of corner states of and devoid of topological origin. Strikingly, some of the corner states are not only highly-localized but also tunable. Taking advantage of this property, we experimentally demonstrate asymmetric corner localization in a Z-shaped domain wall. This finding could create interest in exploration of tunable corner states for the use of advanced control of wave localization.
2D/1D Bi12O17Cl2/β-Bi2O3 heterojunction photocatalysts with boosted photocatalytic performance
Authors: Wang Bo , Qian Hao-Zhi , Peng Yin
Published: June 2021

A novel 2D/1D Bi12O17Cl2/β-Bi2O3 heterostructure displays excellent photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange and phenol under solar light irradiation. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is ascribed to the unique vertical 2D Bi12O17Cl2 nanosheets.
Controllable fabrication of Li-rich layered oxide Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 microspheres for enhanced electrochemical performance
Authors: Gao Zhi , Hu Shengyue , Pan Xiaoliang , Liu Lijun , Xie Shikun , Xie Chengning , Yuan Huiling
Published: June 2021

Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 microspheres assembled by nanoplates are prepared by a co-precipitation and calcination method using metal oxalate microspheres as a template, exhibiting improved electrochemical properties compared to the nanoplates.
Correction: De novo prediction of cross-effect efficiency for magic angle spinning dynamic nuclear polarization
Authors: Mentink-Vigier Frédéric , Barra Anne-Laure , van Tol Johan , Hediger Sabine , Lee Daniel , De Paëpe Gaël
Published: June 2021

Correction for ‘De novo prediction of cross-effect efficiency for magic angle spinning dynamic nuclear polarization’ by Frédéric Mentink-Vigier et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2019, 21, 2166–2176, DOI: 10.1039/C8CP06819D.
Rational design and solvent-free synthesis of iron-embedded 2D composite materials derived from biomass for efficient oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Yuan Shi-Jie , Sheng Qian , Dong Bin , Dai Xiao-Hu
Published: June 2021

A facile and sustainable solvent-free shearing/graphitization method for the production of a series of 2DFe/BCs from various low-cost biomass precursors with enhanced ORR electrocatalytic activity in both alkaline and acid environments.
Correlation study of fuel injection strategies on engine emission and lubricating oil performance
Authors: Wang Chuanqi , Li Guotian , Zhang Enxing , Yin Zenghui , Hao Jing
Published: June 2021

Based on different fuel injection strategies, this paper analyzes the factors such as engine original emission smoke, exhaust temperature, soot content, wear spot diameter and kinematic viscosity. The study found that delaying injection timing, increased afterburn, engine original soot emissions, exhaust gas temperature increase, but will increase the thermal load of the parts. At the same time, the growth rate of lubricant soot and kinematic viscosity increased; The wear spot diameter at the same soot content is reduced, and the wear is reduced. In the end, the paper finally selects 1°CA BTDC as the optimal fuel injection strategy to achieve rapid aging of engine lubricating oil in order to complete the assessment of the anti-wear performance of lubricating oil.
Study on cybersecurity attack-defense visualization method based on intelligent connected vehicle
Authors: Wang Yafei , Han Shengqiang , Zhang Nan , Hu Peng
Published: June 2021

Attack test and defense verification are important ways to effectively evaluate the cybersecurity performance of Intelligent Connected Vehicle (ICV). This paper investigates the problem of attack-defense visualization in ICV cybersecurity. For the purpose of promoting cybersecurity research capabilities, a novel Cybersecurity Attack-Defense Visualization method based on Intelligent Connected Vehicle (CADV-ICV) is proposed. In this scheme, an Attack-Defense Game model (ADG) is designed so that the logical relationship between the attack and defense can be studied through a system architecture. Then, the CADV-ICV method is implemented through three layers that are hardware layer, software layer and visualization layer. Finally, through an Intelligent Connected Vehicle, two TV monitors, a computer and a server, a real experimental environment is built to test the CADV-ICV method. The experimental results show that CADV-ICV can realize the visual display of attack-defense process, attack messages, defense state, real-time message monitoring, and attack-defense principle for 10 car’s components.
Effect of operating conditions and TWC parameters on emissions characteristics of a China-VI stoichiometric natural gas engine
Authors: Ren Yedi , Lou Diming , Li Xiang , Zhang Yunhua , Sun Xia
Published: June 2021

This study involved conducting an experimental and numerical investigation on the effects of the air-to-fuel ratio (AFR), engine speed, and engine load on the inlet gas component of a three-way catalyst (TWC) and on the effects of noble metal loading, noble metal ratio, and carrier pore density on the emission conversion efficiency. The results showed that AFR can significantly affect the raw emissions of NOx and THC, and better emission conversion efficiency of a TWC can be reached when AFR is controlled between 0.995 to 1. Compared with engine speed, engine load has a relatively small effect on exhaust temperature but greatly affects the flow velocity and NOx and THC emissions. Increasing the content of Pt in the catalyst can improve the THC conversion efficiency. For low Pt and Pd-Rh catalysts, the THC conversion effect is significantly deteriorated. The content of Rh affects the NOx conversion, and NOx conversion efficiency at high speeds is significantly reduced when Rh content is reduced. Higher carrier pore density can slightly improve the catalytic reaction rate and emission conversion efficiency at high engine speeds. However, high conversion efficiency can be maintained even after aging.
Research on the development status and trend of chassis control technology by wire
Authors: Yang Chang , Liang Rongliang
Published: June 2021

With the rapid development of automobile electronic industry, more and more electronic control technologies are replacing the traditional mechanical devices of automobile. Modern automobile chassis control technology is developing towards the direction of wire control. The wire control system will replace the traditional control system which mainly consists of hydraulic, pneumatic and mechanical systems, so as to realize the integration with other systems. In this paper, the development status of vehicle by wire control technology in various countries, as well as the composition, working principle and control method of vehicle by wire steering system and brake by wire system are summarized, the key technologies affecting the development of vehicle by wire control are summarized, and the application of by wire control technology in the future automotive field is prospected.
Technical research on engine cycle constructing based on transformation model
Authors: Hu Xi , Liu Yu , An Xiaopan
Published: June 2021

This paper presents a technical method to derive engine test cycle by establishing a vehicle-to-engine cycle transform model ; Firstly, input, process and transform vehicle cycle and test vehicle data to get corresponding engine condition; Then, apply model built-in gear use strategy to select gear; Finally, under the selected gear, transform vehicle cycle into engine cycle termed by normalized speed and load. In addition, Comparison between model output cycle and WHTC cycle demonstrates that this transform method features consistency with present emission test standard, adaptability to various engine technologies and representative of real-life test scenarios.
Study on the effect of EGR control parameters on turbocharged diesel engine
Authors: Liu Le , Wang Lihui , Geng Peilin , Zou Xionghui , Yu Kaibo
Published: June 2021

Under transient conditions, the emission of turbocharged diesel engine will deteriorate to a certain extent, and the adoption of EGR is also a factor leading to the increase of some pollutants. For this reason, a high pressure common rail turbocharged and inter-cooled heavy duty diesel engine was used to study the influence of EGR closed-loop control method on the emission performance under typical transient conditions with constant speed and torque increasing in 5s. The results show: The NOx emission can not be effectively reduced when the air input is used as feedback parameter; When the intake oxygen concentration is used as feedback parameter, smoke emission will increase sharply; When exhaust oxygen concentration is used as feedback parameter, the smoke deterioration is less, the peak smoke is 15.8%. It has a better compromise relationship with NOx and fuel consumption, and can be used as closed-loop control parameter for diesel engine transient performance optimization.
Exhaust emission and fuel consumption characteristics of light duty under different driving cycles
Authors: Geng Peilin , Liu Le , Wang Yuwei , Zou Xionghui
Published: June 2021

This paper focuses on light duty of china 6 with the same emission control technology. three vehicles, with different engine displacements, were selected to study the emission and fuel consumption characteristics under three test cycles of NEDC, WLTC and CLTC. The results show that the emissions of CO, THC and NOx under WLTC cycle are minimum, compared with the NEDC and CLTC circulation. with the decrease of the engine displacement, the difference of CO and THC emissions increases among different cycles, which shows small displacement engine vehicles are greatly affected by driving cycles. Compared with other testing conditions, the PN emissions are relatively larger, but the difference of PN emissions is very small among the three test cycles.The fuel consumption of the WLTC test cycle is the smallest among the three cycles. As the engine displacement decreases, the fuel consumption difference decreases, indicating that the fuel consumption of large displacement engine vehicles is greatly affected by the cycle condition.
Immersion temperature effects on light-duty gasoline vehicles’ fuel consumption under world-wide harmonized light-duty test cycle (WLTC)
Authors: Wang Guangyao , Qin Hongyu , Meng Deyu , Wang Ziye
Published: June 2021

Basing on the experimental study of fuel consumbtion in World-wide Harmonized Light-duty Test Cycle (WLTC ), this paper conducted the effects of using different immersion temperature on the fuel consumption of a light-duty gasoline vehicle. The study mainly studied the first phase of WLTC with three gaseous pollutant emissions: carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbon(CO2, CO and HC )which is measured to caculate the fuel consumption of Light-duty Gasoline Vehicles. It appears that with the increase of time the working condition of the vehicle tends to be stable resulting in the similar emission of the gaseous pollutant in the different test. Which means the immersion temperature mainly effects gaseous pollutant emissions in low-speed phase in WLTC. Besides, the cold start of engine had generated a large quantity of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbon, but it is different for the carbon dioxide which was generated continuously in the first whole phase. The study also found that the use of a higher immersion temperatures (26℃) is more favorable than a lower immersion temperatures (23℃) in the typy of testing vehicle’s fuel consumption in the WLTC test cycle.
Research on the measurement of an independent and controllable high-end equipment manufacturing industry
Authors: Chen Yunqing , Wang Ping
Published: June 2021

Against the present background of trade protectionism and anti-globalization, an independent and controllable high-end equipment manufacturing industry has become the focus of attention from all walks of life. Based on industrial safety and some related theories, this paper analyzes the connotation of an independent and controllable high-end equipment manufacturing industry, constructs a measurement index system of it with patent information, and designs a solution by a combination of “Entropy Method + TOPSIS”. At the end of the paper, by using the relevant data of global patent database, the offshore equipment manufacturing industry is taken as an example to measure its ability of independence and controllability. The results show that the measurement index data is consistent with the development status of China's offshore equipment manufacturing industry, which verifies the effectiveness of the index system and measurement method.
Research on application of ground penetrating radar method in detecting side walls and small targets of Karst tunnel
Authors: Gao Shanshan , Li Wei , Zhu Wenhua
Published: June 2021

In the tunnel projects construction process of our country, there are many crossing karst areas situations. Advanced detection of abnormal geological bodies in karst areas is essential to ensure the safety of tunnel construction. This paper takes Guizhou Provonce Expressway Project—Xinjie Tunnel as an example. By studying the overall karst situation of Xinjie Tunnel, the basic principles of Ground Penetrating Radar detection and tunnel detection principles are explained. The detection methods and effects of the Side Walls and Small Targets are explained by real examples. Advanced detection of the abnormal geological bodies that may be encountered in the tunnel construction and trying to avoid the possible geological disasters in the tunnel construction process, are very important to provide guarantee for the safety of tunnel construction.
Optimal design of watt six-bar transmission mechanism for morphing trailing edge
Authors: Zhou Jin , Zhao Shiwei
Published: June 2021

The morphing trailing edge could realize a continuous smooth deformation compared with conventional trailing edge, which effectively improves the aerodynamic performance. In this paper, a multi-step optimization design of watt six-bar transmission mechanism for morphing trailing edge is proposed. In the first optimization stage, the most effective aerodynamic shape and bar position in the middle of the morphing trailing edge is determined. In the second optimization stage, a watt six link transmission mechanism is proposed by using genetic algorithm to match the optimal shape from the first optimization stage. Result shows that the optimal design could achieve the determined aerodynamic shape in the first optimization stage perfectly.
Methodology for Analysing and Evaluating the Effectiveness of Investment Projects: from Idealism to Consumer and System Approaches
Authors: Shevkunov Nikolay , Zhigunova Anna , Gorkovenko Natalya , Chzhan Suejun
Published: June 2021

The article studies the theoretical and methodological approaches of subjective and objective idealism, general scientific subjective and consumer methodological approaches in relation to the systematization of the fundamental foundations for evaluating the effectiveness of projects. The scientific positions of the economic schools of mercantilism and marginalism are analyzed, the views of the economic school of physiocrats, the ideology of objective rationalism of classical political economy are considered. In the course of theoretical scientific research, the process, trend and regularity of transformation of the main principles of subjective and objective idealism into the basic characteristics of consumer and system methodological approaches, respectively, which are the basis for evaluating the economic efficiency of investment projects, are established.
Prospects for the Development of the Event Industry in the Context of the Pandemic
Authors: Radygina Evgenia , Oshkordina Alla
Published: June 2021

The coronavirus pandemic in 2020 had a significant impact on all areas of economic activity. One of the most affected industries was the event industry. The organizers of the events faced external changes that required a radical restructuring of their activities and organizational structures. The analysis showed that most of the problems of the industry noted before the outbreak of the pandemic, and the restrictions imposed only revealed the need for their immediate solution. The article reflects the main measures taken by organizations to ensure anti-epidemic safety during events and when organizing the activities of employees, the most popular anti-crisis measures. The mechanisms taken by organizations are associated with a decrease in demand and the transition to the online space. In addition, there are trends that can influence the development of the event industry and related industries in the long term.
Features of Heavy Metal Contamination of Agricultural Soils in the Kursk Region of Russia and Economic Assessment of Restoration
Authors: Tomakov Vladimir , Tomakov Maxim
Published: June 2021

Kursk region of Russia has unique fertile soils. Heavy metals are among the factors that pollute the soil. The article is devoted to the study of the spatial distribution of heavy metals in soils. The relevance of the study is that the value of the soil is determined by its value for obtaining environmentally friendly agricultural products. Data on the content of heavy metals in the soil can prevent intensive cultivation of crops. The task of the work is to identify heavy metals that predominate in the soils of various landscapes of the Kursk region. The assessment of soil contamination with chemical elements was carried out in the course of geo-ecological studies of black earth soils in the Kursk region of Russia. The selected soil samples were examined by semi-quantitative spectral analysis. The results obtained were subjected to statistical processing. It was found that cobalt is the main pollutant in the vast majority of sampling points. In other zones, molybdenum, lead, zinc, and chromium predominate in approximately equal amounts. Soils in the surveyed area belong to the permissible category of contamination with chemical elements. Soil remediation should be applied in local areas.
Customs Regulation of Cross-Border Movement of Goods Containing Intellectual Property Objects in the Context of Eurasian Integration
Authors: Solodukhina Olga I. , Minakova Irina V. , Baroian Anna
Published: June 2021

A condition for the effective integration of Eurasian Economic Union member states economies is creating a set of mechanisms for the use of intellectual property objects in modern circumstances. With significant intellectual potential existing in the EAEU countries, the process of commercialization and use of intellectual property objects is not carried out sufficiently. Considering the main purpose of the Union's functioning, this problem has to be solved comprehensively and consistently. The article presents the main results of study of customs regulation system of goods containing intellectual property objects crossborder movement in the context of Eurasian integration. It is noted that the violation of intellectual property rights occurs not only among competing companies as a plagiarism or industrial espionage, but also within framework of agreements concluded between copyright holders and users of intellectual property rights. The EAEU countries cooperate and organize interaction of authorized bodies also to form a unified system of intellectual property rights protection within the EAEU, SCO, BRICS, as well as the WTO. In order to improve the system of customs control of goods containing intellectual property objects, constant adjustments and modernization of methods for controlling the intellectual property objects movement across the customs border of the EAEU are required to ensure the maximum possible protection of intellectual property holders from illegal actions of third parties. The publication was made within the framework of the state assignment for 2021 No. 0851-2020-0034
Analysis of innovation system and technology transfer
Authors: Maximova Tatyana , Eid Nada
Published: June 2021

The importance of scientific research and technological development is reflected in the fact that it is a fundamental contributor to meeting the needs of the industrial and economic sectors, creating job opportunities, and enhancing revenues by employing its outputs, in addition to its effective role in community building, development and welfare. In this paper, we have chosen the Syrian Arab Republic as an example for the analysis of the innovation system and technology transfer. We review the status of scientific research and technological development in Syria, since its official inception in 1958 until the present time. We conduct an analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the innovation and technology transfer system in Syria (SWOT analysis). In order to reach an integrated system based on scientific research, we present a set of recommendations that help enhance strengths and overcome weaknesses. These recommendations also help to exploit the available opportunities and turn them into strengths, in addition to finding appropriate solutions to the risks faced by the innovation system in Syria.
Energy security is an important component of national security
Authors: Matsui Elena A. , Kryukova Ekaterina V.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the issues of energy security as an important component of the national security of the country. There is growing uncertainty about safe access to reliable energy supplies at reasonable prices.
Traditional and Innovative Educational Technologies at the University through the E-Learning Prism
Authors: Krylova Maria , Novikova Yulia , Totskaya Irina , Ostapenko Irina
Published: June 2021

The article is dedicated to comprehension the process of technological education in relation to E-learning. The relevance of the study is determined by the situation connected with the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, which required various educational organizations complete transition to distance learning for an indefinite period. It is noted that various educational technologies have been gaining new implementations in the conditions of distance education. The trend towards the gradual rejection of traditional (explanatory and illustrative) teaching methods and the transition to innovative technologies that were being operated within the educational system over the past decades has undergone changes due to the widespread transition to distance learning. Traditional technology, which structure includes elements of interactivity and innovation, has proven its effectiveness in the circumstances of E-learning. The least effective ones, based on the authors’ university teaching experience were training and game technologies. The technology of developing training can be effective if a teacher meets a number of conditions, depends on methods, means, and others learning technologies. Project technology, heuristic learning, problem – based learning, case-study technology, and differentiated learning proved to be the most effective ones. It is noted that the effectiveness of technologies application in the process of distance learning largely depends on a’s teacher professionalism and creative approach. The conclusion is made about the dynamism of the educational technologies system, its dependence on the conditions of training and the rapid development of educational technologies in response to conditions changes.
E-Learning in the Linguistic Disciplines Teaching: the Experience of Remote and Full-Time Learning
Authors: Isaeva Tatiana
Published: June 2021

The period of forced remote learning has deepened university teachers’ and students’ experience in e-learning and developed a number of abilities, including ITC-competence and possession of various e-learning methods. This valuable experience should be used after resuming of full-time or face-to-face (F2F) learning in the universities. The purpose of the article is to determine the most promising areas of using e-learning in the linguistic disciplines teaching based on the analysis of the advanced teaching experience during the pandemic and after the resumption of traditional full-time education. Using the methods of theoretical analysis of the scientific works published within the period February 2020 – February 2021 and empirical study among Russian university teachers and students, the most efficient and promising areas of e-learning in the linguistic disciplines teaching were singled out. These areas include the use of the efficient e-learning methods and creation of lasting online learning communities. At the same time the empirical survey showed one more important area of research, namely, the characteristics of the teacher’s speech in distance education. In the result, the author suggests some ideas to preserve the valuable obtained teaching experience and to use it in both forms of learning: distance and F2F.
Impact of podcasting on English learners’ motivation in asynchronous e-learning environment
Authors: Marunevich Oksana , Bessarabova Olga , Shefieva Elmira , Razhina Victoria
Published: June 2021

We strongly believe that within the next few years, podcasting is destined to become an important component in the learning environment of the university since educators are trying to integrate the best use of advanced technologies in their courses and remain vigilant to the ever-changing technological landscape. The study aims to validate the idea that podcasts offer teachers a platform to supplement their materials. Despite the potential benefits of podcasts for university education, few researchers have addressed the problem of the influence of podcasting on English learners’ motivation. Based on a survey with 211 students of Rostov State Transport University, this paper focuses on motivational factors for using podcasts when taking an English language course. We found two dimensions of motivating factors (entertainment and convenience) to be prominent for active podcasts use.
Implementation of Lean Manufacturing Practices in the Organization of Distance Education by the Ryazan Institute (Branch) of the Moscow Polytechnic University
Authors: Zakharova Nadezhda , Asaev Alexander , Bryazgunova Natalia , Kiryushin Ilya
Published: June 2021

The transition to new formats of education interprets the need for us to search for new methods of managing educational organizations. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to lean manufacturing as one of the most effective management methods. After all, it is the introduction of lean manufacturing that will allow us to form a management concept based on a constant striving to improve all processes occurring within educational institutions and eliminate all types of losses. Also, lean production involves the involvement of each employee in the optimization process and maximum focus on the end consumer, that is, applicants and their parents. One of the directions is the creation of a completely new model of university management - the model of “change management”. Change management is designed to help any educational institution find a way out of this situation, to promote the formulation and implementation of the set goals of a new level, which are designed to positively influence the emotional component of the team, which ensures the conditions for the breakthrough development of the university through digitalization of all aspects of activity for the transition to competitive educational and scientific - the research model.
SWOT - Analysis as the Main Tool of Strategic Management of Agricultural Enterprise
Authors: Mandrazhi Zаrema
Published: June 2021

The article deals with theoretical-applied aspects of using of SWOT - analysis in the sphere of strategic management at agricultural enterprises. The analysis of strengths and weaknesses of agricultural enterprise, its strategic opportunities and threats has been implemented. On the basis of the implemented analysis constituting components of strategy of development aimed to provision of competitiveness of agricultural enterprise at the agrarian market and perspectives of development in future have been identified.
Anti-crisis Management Strategy for a Construction Organization during an Economic Downturn Amid a Pandemic and Lockdown
Authors: Romanenko Maria
Published: June 2021

Anti-crisis management of a construction organization during the period of general economic development is the main part of its strategic development. It is necessary to ensure the stable functioning and monitoring of the state of the enterprise in the construction market. The existing management models are not fully adapted to the current situation during a pandemic, lockdown and crisis phenomena. Development of updated schemes and models, including a tactical action plan in the short term, ensuring the survival and development of the organization in conditions of uncertainty. The introduction of the proposed measures for anti-crisis management based on the predicted results of the activities of enterprises and the development of the economic situation in specific conditions makes it possible to minimize losses and ensure a further smooth way out of the current crisis crisis.
A systematic approach to personal information security in the context of digitalization of the economy and management
Authors: Puinko Lyucyena E. , Tolkacheva Elena V.
Published: June 2021

The digitalization of the economy and the digitalization of management in a modern state imply not only the use of many different technical devices that interact with each other through global and regional communication networks. But also the transformation of sociocultural communication in society; a significant change in the forms and types of interaction of the individual with the participants of the interaction processes: other individuals, state institutions and commercial and non-profit organizations, etc. In the context of such interaction, the complexity of structures and types of communication-the personal space of participants is blurred, the security of the individual in the information field is becoming more and more vulnerable; the mechanisms for protecting the individual in the digital economy and digital management today are imperfect; this is also due to the fact that the study of “information security” and “information threats” today lacks a systematic approach that combines their individual elements into a holistic scientific knowledge – the protection of the individual in the information space of modern society. The purpose of this article was to analyze the possibility of systematization of scientific knowledge on this problem and the possibility of creating the concept of information security of the individual.
Personal Health Monitoring with Mobile Application Based on Blockchain Technologies
Authors: Apatova Nataliya , Korolyov Oleg , Ivanov Sergey
Published: June 2021

Personal health monitoring is especially necessary in a pandemic of COVID19 and based on objective and subjective data. Modern medicine uses numerous diagnostic devices, many of which are for personal health monitoring. Applications for mobile phones are becoming more widespread, they make a possibility constantly monitor vital signs for a person. However, the consolidation into a single personalized database of information on daily mobile monitoring and examination results from various doctors in various medical organizations not yet carried out. Proposed to build a blockchain from this data and results of data analysis add subjective sensations and indicators to it, which clarified during the conversation with the doctor and not always fully and correctly transmitted by the patient. Using an integrated approach to personal health monitoring, building a blockchain from official data and personal objective and subjective indicators makes it possible to identify at the early stages of the disease, to have a complete and reliable picture of the state of health.
Smart City as a Model for Sustainable Development of Territories
Authors: Semyachkov Konstantin
Published: June 2021

The article examines the impact of digital technologies on the sustainable development of ecological and economic systems. The main aspects that make the development of digital technologies especially relevant for environmental modernization and sustainable development are analyzed. It is shown that the large-scale use of digital technologies contributes to the development of new tools, models and methods of urban management. One of the promising areas for the development of the urban environment in these conditions is the concept of a smart city. Based on the analysis of research on the topic of smart cities, the effects of the use of the smart city model for the formation of the foundations of sustainable development of territories are noted.
The Interaction System of the Main Participants of Medical Tourism
Authors: Grigorieva Zhanna , Mineva Oksana , Gadzhieva Elena
Published: June 2021

To develop an efficient medical tourism system, it is currently necessary to identify the main participants in the system and clearly define their activities and interactions. The article determines the main participants in the system of medical tourism organization, describes their characteristics in terms of functions and objectives, and proposes the organisation concept of the interaction with international medical institutions and the scheme of the interaction between the main participants of medical tourism. The authors consider the main trends and prospects of the development of medical tourism on the basis of digital platform enabling to render the services for search and provision of quality medical services.
Technologische Entwicklungen in der automatisierten Greifrehabilitation
Authors: Miro Michael , Kuhlenkötter Bernd , Diaz Karen , Meisterjahn Peter , Krause Helmut
Published: June 2021

Die Behandlung von neurologisch induzierten Funktionsverlusten der oberen Extremitäten findet nach wie vor überwiegend manualtherapeutisch statt. Mit dem Fortschritt in der Automatisierungstechnik hat sich in den vergangenen Jahren international auch die gerätegestützte Therapie als zusätzliche Behandlungsmöglichkeit etabliert. Hierbei werden bewährte Therapiemethoden automatisiert angewendet, was Therapeuten entlasten, zu einem besseren Outcome führen und die Behandlungsdichte erhöhen kann. Viele dieser Lösungen sind allerdings noch sehr kostspielig, schwer, voluminös oder nicht von Laien zu verwenden. Das vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) geförderte Forschungsprojekt TheraGrip setzt hier an und zielt auf die Entwicklung eines einfach zu nutzenden automatisierten Greifrehabilitationsgeräts für die sowohl stationäre als auch ambulante Rehabilitation und den Heimgebrauch ab.
Synthetic Studies on the Viridin Skeleton through Regio- and Stereoselective Functionalization of the AE-Ring Moiety
Authors: Akai Shuji , Hori Shuhei , Ishida Sho , Itoh Go , Sugiyama Koji , Yuki Chiharu , Egi Masahiro , Yahata Kenzo , Ikawa Takashi
Published: June 2021

4,5,6,7-Tetrahydroisobenzofurans, corresponding to the AC(D)E ring structure of viridin and equipped with required substituents on the A-ring, were synthesized with high regio- and stereoselectivities via the Diels–Alder adduct of a furan derivative and maleic anhydride. The key steps of this work include the regioselective opening of a tetrahydrofuran ring, a stereoselective epoxidation, and an AlMe3-mediated regioselective epoxide opening followed by stereoselective C-methylation.