bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender-specific associations of speech-frequency hearing loss, high-frequency hearing loss, and cognitive impairment among older community dwellers in China
Authors: Wang Jingru , Wang Feng , Han Peipei , Liu Yuewen , Ma Weibo , Zhang Hui , Yu Xing , Xie Fandi , Niu Shumeng , Hu Hao , Zhu Xiaohan , Wang Hongbing , Yu Ying , Guo Qi
Published: October 2021

Background and Aims

This study aimed atinvestigating the relationship between speech-frequency hearing loss (SFHL), high-frequency hearing loss (HFHL), and cognitive impairment (CI) and then to determine whether there are any differences in gender among older community dwellers in China.

Methods

1012 adults aged ≥ 60 years (428 males; average age, 72.61 ± 5.51 years) and living in Chongming District, Shanghai were enrolled in the study. We used the audiometric definition of hearing loss (HL) adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO). Speech-frequencies were measured at 0.5 kHz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz, and 4 kHz; high-frequencies were measured at 4 kHz and 8 kHz. Pure tone average (PTA) was measured as hearing sensitivity. Cognitive performance was measured using the mini mental state examination (MMSE).

Results

Our studies demonstrated a 37.6% prevalence of HL in males and a 36.0% prevalence of HL in females. Adjusted for confounding variables, the results from a multivariate analysis showed that SFHL was associated with CI in females (OR = 2.922, 95% Confidence Interval = 1.666–5.124) and males (OR = 2.559, 95% Confidence Interval = 1.252–5.232). However, HFHL was associated with CI only in females (OR = 3.490, 95% Confidence Interval = 1.834–6.643). HL was associated with poorer cognitive scores (P < 0.05). “Registration” (P < 0.05) in MMSE was associated with speech- and high-frequency hearing sensitivity.

Conclusions

The associations between HL and CI varied according to gender in older community-dwellers, suggesting that different mechanisms are involved in the etiology of HL. Moreover, hearing sensitivity was negatively associated with cognition scores; therefore, early screening for HL and CI among older community-dwelling adults is advised.
Welfare economics of managing an epidemic: an exposition
Authors: Iwamoto Yasushi
Published: October 2021

This paper reviews recent findings on the normative analysis of private and governmental countermeasures against infectious diseases, focusing on COVID-19. Based on a model that relates the economic activity to infectious disease epidemics, policies that maximize social welfare are considered. Lockdowns in many countries are measures that restrict economic activity over a wide area, and the economic damage they cause is extremely large. Existing studies on the net benefit of lockdown implemented in 2020 have reached mixed conclusions as to whether it is warranted or not. Although the estimates of costs and effects are relatively stable, the setting of the value of a statistical life for converting effects into benefits has a wide range and is also likely to overestimate benefits. Therefore, a careful procedure for setting is particularly crucial to obtain a reliable evaluation of countermeasures. Compared to uniform restriction of activities, taking measures to restrict activities by selecting targets may improve efficiency. Attributes that can be used to select targets include those that can be identified at little or no cost, such as age and industry, and those that can only be identified at a cost, such as close contact with infectious individuals and the presence of pathogens. In comparison to lockdown, these measures may reduce human suffering and economic suffering. No trade-off exists between uniform activity restrictions and selective activity restrictions.
The Ethics of Climate Nudges: Central Issues for Applying Choice Architecture Interventions to Climate Policy
Authors: SIIPI Helena , KOI Polaris
Published: October 2021

While nudging has garnered plenty of interdisciplinary attention, the ethics of applying it to climate policy has been little discussed. However, not all ethical considerations surrounding nudging are straightforward to apply to climate nudges. In this article, we overview the state of the debate on the ethics of nudging and highlight themes that are either specific to or particularly important for climate nudges. These include: the justification of nudges that are not self-regarding; how to account for climate change denialists; transparency; knowing the right or best behaviours; justice concerns; and whether the efficacy of nudges is sufficient for nudges to be justified as a response to the climate crisis. We conclude that climate nudges raise distinct ethical questions that ought to be considered in developing climate nudges.
The geometric index and attractors of homeomorphisms of
Authors: BARGE H. , SÁNCHEZ-GABITES J. J.
Published: October 2021

In this paper we focus on compacta$K \subseteq \mathbb {R}^3$which possess a neighbourhood basis that consists of nested solid tori$T_i$. We call these sets toroidal. Making use of the classical notion of the geometric index of a curve inside a torus, we introduce the self-geometric index of a toroidal setK, which roughly captures how each torus$T_{i+1}$winds inside the previous$T_i$as$i \rightarrow +\infty $. We then use this index to obtain some results about the realizability of toroidal sets as attractors for homeomorphisms of$\mathbb {R}^3$.
Smoothness of stable holonomies inside center-stable manifolds
Authors: BROWN AARON
Published: October 2021

Under a suitable bunching condition, we establish that stable holonomies inside center-stable manifolds for
$C^{1+\beta }$
diffeomorphisms are uniformly bi-Lipschitz and, in fact,
$C^{1+\mathrm {H}\ddot{\rm o}\mathrm {lder}}$
. This verifies the ergodicity of suitably center-bunched, essentially accessible, partially hyperbolic
$C^{1+\beta }$
diffeomorphisms and verifies that the Ledrappier–Young entropy formula holds for
$C^{1+\beta }$
diffeomorphisms of compact manifolds.
What Is a Logical Concept of Life? Reply to Critics
Authors: Ng Karen
Published: October 2021

I am very grateful to Karen Koch and Sebastian Rand for their generous and thoughtful engagement with some of the core arguments of my book. Whereas Koch raises a number of questions concerning the purposiveness theme and Hegel's relation to Kant, Rand's questions revolve around the interpretation of Hegel's Science of Logic, asking after the status of the a priori, singularity, and death in relation to the logical concept of life. Their critical questions provide an opportunity for me to both clarify and defend one of the central claims of my book, namely, that there is a distinctly logical concept of life at work in Hegel's philosophy that is key for understanding his philosophical method. In the book, I argue that this concept, operative in Hegel's writings from the Differenzschrift through the Phenomenology to his Science of Logic, is primarily inherited from Kant, specifically from problems surrounding the concept of inner purposiveness developed in the Critique of Judgement. I will begin by replying to Koch, followed by a response to Rand.
PRODUCTION AND SUPPLY OF CERAMIC OIL LAMPS IN HELLENISTIC AND EARLY ROMAN NEA PAPHOS, CYPRUS: INTEGRATED TYPOLOGICAL, CHRONOLOGICAL AND PROVENANCE STUDIES
Authors: Kajzer Małgorzata , Marzec Edyta , Kiriatzi Evangelia , Müller Noémi S.
Published: October 2021

This paper presents the results of a multipronged approach to the study of the Hellenistic and Early Roman ceramic oil lamps excavated at the Agora of Nea Paphos in Cyprus. The assemblage was studied macroscopically, and selected samples were analysed through WD-XRF spectroscopy and thin section petrography, combined with refiring tests. The integrated results revealed that local production changed through time in terms of lamp shapes, manufacturing techniques and clay recipes, while imported lamps originated from a range of sources. The transformations seen in the local production correlate with changes in the origin of imported lamp supply and the impact of other centres on the local lamp manufacture. These patterns in production and supply could be most likely associated with political transformations and urban development.
Late outcome, therapy and systemic ventricular function in patients with a systemic right ventricle: data of the German National Register for Congenital Heart Defects
Authors: Lebherz Corinna , Gerhardus Martin , Lammers Astrid Elisabeth , Helm Paul , Tutarel Oktay , Bauer Ulrike , Bülow Tanja , Kerst Gunter , Diller Gerhard-Paul , Marx Nikolaus
Published: October 2021

Background:

Adults with systemic right ventricle have a significant risk for long-term complications such as arrhythmias or heart failure.

Methods:

A nationwide retrospective study based on the German National Register for Congenital Heart Disease was performed. Patients with transposition of the great arteries after atrial switch operation or congenitally corrected TGA were included.

Results:

Two hundred and eight-five patients with transposition of the great arteries after atrial switch operation and 95 patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries were included (mean age 33 years). Systolic function of the systemic ventricle was moderately or severely reduced in 25.5 % after atrial switch operation and in 35.1% in patients with congenitally corrected transposition. Regurgitation of the systemic atrioventricular valve was present in 39.5% and 43.2% of the cases, respectively. A significant percentage of patients also had a history for supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias. However, polypharmacy of cardiovascular drugs was rare (4.5%) and 38.5 % of the patients did not take any cardiovascular medication. The amount of cardiovascular drugs taken was associated with NYHA class as well as systemic right ventricular dysfunction. Patients with congenitally corrected transposition were more likely to receive pharmacological treatment than patients after atrial switch operation.

Conclusion:

A significant portion of patients with systemic right ventricle suffer from a relevant systemic ventricular dysfunction, systemic atrioventricular valve regurgitation, and arrhythmias. Despite this, medication for heart failure treatment is not universally used in this cohort. This emphasises the need for randomised trials in patient with systemic right ventricle.
Binge-eating disorder in university students: high prevalence and strong link to impulsive and compulsive traits
Authors: Solly Jeremy E. , Chamberlain Samuel R. , Lust Katherine , Grant Jon E.
Published: October 2021

Background

Binge eating disorder (BED) is the most common eating disorder, and is associated with significant comorbidity, with university students being particularly vulnerable. We aimed to assess associations of BED with a wide range of comorbidities and measures of impulsivity and compulsivity in university students, to gain better understanding of its prevalence, correlates and pathophysiology.

Methods

We carried out an internet-based survey, assessing presence of BED using a validated structured self-report diagnostic tool, demographics, substance use, impulsive behaviors, psychiatric history, and measures of impulsivity and compulsivity. Approximately 10 000 students were invited to take part. Group differences between students with current BED and students without BED were investigated.

Results

A total of 3415 students completed the survey, with 83 (2.4%) screening positive for BED. BED was associated with female gender, hazardous/harmful alcohol use, depression and anxiety symptoms, low self-esteem, post-traumatic stress disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, treatment for psychological/emotional problems (including prescribed medication) and trait impulsivity and compulsivity. However, the largest effect sizes were evident for associations with trait impulsivity and compulsivity.

Conclusions

The associations of BED with trait impulsivity and compulsivity implicate these latent phenotypes in its pathophysiology. The identified links between BED and a wide range of mental disorders highlight the need to screen for disordered eating in student populations, including when students present with other mental health conditions.
Uncertainty in organ delineation using low-dose computed tomography images with high-strength iterative reconstruction technique in radiotherapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Yoshida Tsukasa , Tomida Tetsuya , Urikura Atsushi , Aoyama Yuki , Hosokawa Yoichiro , Hanmura Masahiro , Endo Masahiro
Published: October 2021

Introduction

This study aimed to investigate the uncertainty in organ delineation of low-dose computed tomography (CT) images using a high-strength iterative reconstruction (IR) during radiotherapy planning for the treatment of prostate cancer.

Methods

Two CT datasets were prepared with different dose levels by adjusting the reconstruction slice thickness. Two observers independently delineated the prostate, seminal vesicles, bladder and rectum on both images without referring to other modality images. The delineated organ volumes were compared between both images. Observer delineation variability was assessed using Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and mean distance to agreement.

Results

No significant differences regarding the delineated organ volumes were observed between the low- and standard-dose images for all organs. Regarding inter-observer variability, the DSC was relatively high for both images, whereas mean distance to agreement was not significantly different between images (p > 0·05 for all). Intra-observer variability for each observer showed high DSC (>0·8 and >0·9 for seminal vesicles and other organs, respectively) but no significant differences in the mean distance to agreement (p > 0·05 for all).

Conclusions

Our results indicate that low-dose CT images with high-strength IR would be available for organ delineation in the radiotherapy treatment planning for prostate cancer.
From bandit nests to Sakura orchards: colonial rule, press images, and the stating of Taiwan's Northern Mountains, 1896–1908
Authors: McMahon Daniel Mark
Published: October 2021

Addressing a question of how states in both Asia and the world have resolved the dilemma posed by ecologically recalcitrant “nonstate spaces,” this essay examines a refuge in Taiwan's Northern Mountains. Resistance to Japanese rule from 1896, sheltered in the Grass Mountain uplands, precipitated not just colonial pacification, but a platform of “modern” (Western-modeled, but Meiji Japanese and Qing Chinese influenced) transformation. This was promoted through the educational and symbolic cultivation of Zhishan Rock, a press discourse of nature for public edification, as well as policies that strengthened policing, guided resettlement, and opened the area to recreation. Such tailored “stating” processes altered the image of the region, infused a culture of ecological veneration, and established a more sustainable system of oversight. A critical phase to Grass Mountain becoming a national park, these changes presented a template for Japanese (as subsequent) authorities as they struggled to manage Taiwan's unruly highland frontiers.
How Does Coastal Gravel Get Sorted Under Stormy Longshore Transport?
Authors: Eyal H. , Enzel Y. , Meiburg E. , Vowinckel B. , Lensky N. G.
Published: October 2021

Storm waves transport and sort coarse gravel along coasts. This fundamental process is important under changing sea‐levels and increased storm frequency and intensity. However, limited information on intra‐storm clast motion restricts theory development for coastal gravel sorting and coastal management of longshore transport. Here, we use smart boulders equipped with loggers recording underwater, real‐time, intra‐storm clast motion, and measured longshore displacement of varied‐mass marked boulders during storms. We utilize the unique setting of the Dead Sea shores where rapidly falling water levels allow isolating boulder transport during individual storms. Guided by these observations, we develop a new model quantifying the critical wave height for a certain clast mass mobilization. Then, we obtain an expression for the longshore clast displacement under the fluid‐induced pressure impulse of a given wave. Finally, we formulate the sorting enforced by wave‐height distributions during a storm, demonstrating how sorting is a direct manifestation of regional hydroclimatology.
Urbanization Exacerbated Rainfall Over European Suburbs Under a Warming Climate
Authors: Yang Long , Ni Guangheng , Tian Fuqiang , Niyogi Dev
Published: October 2021

The impacts of cities and climate warming on extreme rainfall under strong synoptic conditions are not well understood. Here, we carry out the first model‐based assessment of urban impacts on extreme flood‐producing storms for the European region. We identify contrasting roles of cities and climate warming in determining the space‐time variability of the July 14, 2021 storm over western Europe. While climate warming dominates the temporal rainfall variability over the domain, cities further enhance total rainfall over their suburbs by dynamically modifying the intensity and position of moisture convergence. There is a cyclonic structure of flow anomalies around the city induced by urban surface roughness. The rainfall anomaly induced by the interactive impacts of cities and climate warming is 50% larger than by those urban impacts alone. We highlight a need to develop a regional framework by reconciling the emerging urban‐rural contrasts in vulnerability and preparedness to hydrometeorological extremes.
Effects of maternal diet-induced obesity on metabolic disorders and age-associated miRNA expression in the liver of male mouse offspring
Authors: Mennitti Laís Vales , Carpenter Asha A. M. , Loche Elena , Pantaleão Lucas C. , Fernandez-Twinn Denise S. , Schoonejans Josca M. , Blackmore Heather L. , Ashmore Thomas J. , Pisani Luciana Pellegrini , Tadross John A. , Hargreaves Iain , Ozanne Susan E.
Published: October 2021

Objective

This study investigated the effect of maternal obesity on aged-male offspring liver phenotype and hepatic expression of a programmed miRNA.

Methods

A mouse model (C57BL/6 J) of maternal diet-induced obesity was used to investigate fasting-serum metabolites, hepatic lipid content, steatosis, and relative mRNA levels (RT-PCR) and protein expression (Western blotting) of key components involved in hepatic and mitochondrial metabolism in 12-month-old offspring. We also measured hepatic lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial content, fibrosis stage, and apoptosis in the offspring. To investigate potential mechanisms leading to the observed phenotype, we also measured the expression of miR-582 (a miRNA previously implicated in liver cirrhosis) in 8-week-old and 12-month-old offspring.

Results

Body weight and composition was similar between 8-week-old offspring, however, 12-month-old offspring from obese mothers had increased body weight and fat mass (19.5 ± 0.8 g versus 10.4 ± 0.9 g, p < 0.001), as well as elevated serum levels of LDL and leptin and hepatic lipid content (21.4 ± 2.1 g versus 12.9 ± 1.8 g, p < 0.01). This was accompanied by steatosis, increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and overexpression of p-SAPK/JNK, Tgfβ1, Map3k14, and Col1a1 in the liver. Decreased levels of Bcl-2, p-AMPKα, total AMPKα and mitochondrial complexes were also observed. Maternal obesity was associated with increased hepatic miR-582-3p (p < 0.001) and miR-582-5p (p < 0.05). Age was also associated with an increase in both miR-582-3p and miR-582-5p, however, this was more pronounced in the offspring of obese dams, such that differences were greater in 12-month-old animals (−3p: 7.34 ± 1.35 versus 1.39 ± 0.50, p < 0.0001 and −5p: 4.66 ± 1.16 versus 1.63 ± 0.65, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate that maternal diet-induced obesity has detrimental effects on offspring body composition as well as hepatic phenotype that may be indicative of accelerated-ageing phenotype. These whole-body and cellular phenotypes were associated with age-dependent changes in expression of miRNA-582 that might contribute mechanistically to the development of metabolic disorders in the older progeny.
Unravelling roles of error-prone DNA polymerases in shaping cancer genomes
Authors: Vaziri Cyrus , Rogozin Igor B. , Gu Qisheng , Wu Di , Day Tovah A.
Published: October 2021

Mutagenesis is a key hallmark and enabling characteristic of cancer cells, yet the diverse underlying mutagenic mechanisms that shape cancer genomes are not understood. This review will consider the emerging challenge of determining how DNA damage response pathways—both tolerance and repair—act upon specific forms of DNA damage to generate mutations characteristic of tumors. DNA polymerases are typically the ultimate mutagenic effectors of DNA repair pathways. Therefore, understanding the contributions of DNA polymerases is critical to develop a more comprehensive picture of mutagenic mechanisms in tumors. Selection of an appropriate DNA polymerase—whether error-free or error-prone—for a particular DNA template is critical to the maintenance of genome stability. We review different modes of DNA polymerase dysregulation including mutation, polymorphism, and over-expression of the polymerases themselves or their associated activators. Based upon recent findings connecting DNA polymerases with specific mechanisms of mutagenesis, we propose that compensation for DNA repair defects by error-prone polymerases may be a general paradigm molding the mutational landscape of cancer cells. Notably, we demonstrate that correlation of error-prone polymerase expression with mutation burden in a subset of patient tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas can identify mechanistic hypotheses for further testing. We contrast experimental approaches from broad, genome-wide strategies to approaches with a narrower focus on a few hundred base pairs of DNA. In addition, we consider recent developments in computational annotation of patient tumor data to identify patterns of mutagenesis. Finally, we discuss the innovations and future experiments that will develop a more comprehensive portrait of mutagenic mechanisms in human tumors.
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals distinct tumor microenvironmental patterns in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Bischoff Philip , Trinks Alexandra , Obermayer Benedikt , Pett Jan Patrick , Wiederspahn Jennifer , Uhlitz Florian , Liang Xizi , Lehmann Annika , Jurmeister Philipp , Elsner Aron , Dziodzio Tomasz , Rückert Jens-Carsten , Neudecker Jens , Falk Christine , Beule Dieter , Sers Christine , Morkel Markus , Horst David , Blüthgen Nils , Klauschen Frederick
Published: October 2021

Recent developments in immuno-oncology demonstrate that not only cancer cells, but also the tumor microenvironment can guide precision medicine. A comprehensive and in-depth characterization of the tumor microenvironment is challenging since its cell populations are diverse and can be important even if scarce. To identify clinically relevant microenvironmental and cancer features, we applied single-cell RNA sequencing to ten human lung adenocarcinomas and ten normal control tissues. Our analyses revealed heterogeneous carcinoma cell transcriptomes reflecting histological grade and oncogenic pathway activities, and two distinct microenvironmental patterns. The immune-activated CP²E microenvironment was composed of cancer-associated myofibroblasts, proinflammatory monocyte-derived macrophages, plasmacytoid dendritic cells and exhausted CD8+ T cells, and was prognostically unfavorable. In contrast, the inert N³MC microenvironment was characterized by normal-like myofibroblasts, non-inflammatory monocyte-derived macrophages, NK cells, myeloid dendritic cells and conventional T cells, and was associated with a favorable prognosis. Microenvironmental marker genes and signatures identified in single-cell profiles had progonostic value in bulk tumor profiles. In summary, single-cell RNA profiling of lung adenocarcinoma provides additional prognostic information based on the microenvironment, and may help to predict therapy response and to reveal possible target cell populations for future therapeutic approaches.
The role of R-spondin proteins in cancer biology
Authors: ter Steege Eline J. , Bakker Elvira R. M.
Published: October 2021

R-spondin (RSPO) proteins constitute a family of four secreted glycoproteins (RSPO1–4) that have appeared as multipotent signaling ligands. The best-known molecular function of RSPOs lie within their capacity to agonize the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. As RSPOs act upon cognate receptors LGR4/5/6 that are typically expressed by stem cells and progenitor cells, RSPO proteins importantly potentiate Wnt/β-catenin signaling especially within these proliferative stem cell compartments. Since multiple organs express LGR4/5/6 receptors and RSPO ligands within their stem cell niches, RSPOs can exert an influential role in stem cell regulation throughout the body. Inherently, over the last decade a multitude of reports implicated the deregulation of RSPOs in cancer development. First, RSPO2 and RSPO3 gene fusions with concomitant enhanced expression have been identified in colon cancer patients, and proposed as an alternative driver of Wnt/β-catenin hyperactivation that earmarks cancer in the colorectal tract. Moreover, the causal oncogenic capacity of RSPO3 overactivation has been demonstrated in the mouse intestine. As a paradigm organ in this field, most of current knowledge about RSPOs in cancer is derived from studies in the intestinal tract. However, RSPO gene fusions as well as enhanced RSPO expression have been reported in multiple additional cancer types, affecting different organs that involve divergent stem cell hierarchies. Importantly, the emerging oncogenic role of RSPO and its potential clinical utility as a therapeutic target have been recognized and investigated in preclinical and clinical settings. This review provides a survey of current knowledge on the role of RSPOs in cancer biology, addressing the different organs implicated, and of efforts made to explore intervention opportunities in cancer cases with RSPO overrepresentation, including the potential utilization of RSPO as novel therapeutic target itself.
Prefrontal Aβ pathology influencing the pathway from apathy to cognitive decline in non-dementia elderly
Authors: Sun Lin , Li Wei , Li Guanjun , Xiao Shifu ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the complex connection between apathy and cognitive decline that remains unclear. A total of 1057 non-dementia elderly from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database received up to 13 years of follow-up and were divided into an apathy negative (−) group of 943 participants and an apathy positive (+) group of 114 participants through the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI)-apathy subitem. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers and amyloid β (Aβ) PET were measured, and their longitudinal changes were assessed using linear mixed-effects models. Risk factors for cognitive decline and apathy conversion were explored through the Cox proportional hazards model. Mediation effects of Aβ pathology on cognition were investigated using the causal mediation analysis. Apathy syndrome was associated with faster impairment of cognition and elevation of the Aβ burden. The effects of apathy on cognitive function and life quality were mediated by Aβ pathology, including CSF Aβ42/total tau ratio, and Aβ deposition in the prefrontal regions. Apathy syndrome was the risk factor for cognitive deterioration; meanwhile, frontal Aβ burden was the risk factor for apathy conversion. Apathy syndrome is an early manifestation of cognitive decline and there are bidirectional roles between apathy syndrome and Aβ pathology. Prefrontal Aβ pathology influenced the pathway from apathy to cognitive decline.
Retrospective analysis of Schlafen11 (SLFN11) to predict the outcomes to therapies affecting the DNA damage response
Authors: Willis Sophie E. , Winkler Claudia , Roudier Martine P. , Baird Tarrion , Marco-Casanova Paola , Jones Emma V. , Rowe Philip , Rodriguez-Canales Jaime , Angell Helen K. , Ng Felicia S. L. , Waring Paul M. , Hodgson Darren , Ledermann Jonathan A. , Weberpals Johanne I. , Dean Emma , Harrington Elizabeth A. , Barrett J. Carl , Pierce Andrew J. , Leo Elisabetta , Jones Gemma N.
Published: October 2021

Background

The absence of the putative DNA/RNA helicase Schlafen11 (SLFN11) is thought to cause resistance to DNA-damaging agents (DDAs) and PARP inhibitors.

Methods

We developed and validated a clinically applicable SLFN11 immunohistochemistry assay and retrospectively correlated SLFN11 tumour levels to patient outcome to the standard of care therapies and olaparib maintenance.

Results

High SLFN11 associated with improved prognosis to the first-line treatment with DDAs platinum-plus-etoposide in SCLC patients, but was not strongly linked to paclitaxel–platinum response in ovarian cancer patients. Multivariate analysis of patients with relapsed platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer from the randomised, placebo-controlled Phase II olaparib maintenance Study19 showed SLFN11 tumour levels associated with sensitivity to olaparib. Study19 patients with high SLFN11 had a lower progression-free survival (PFS) hazard ratio compared to patients with low SLFN11, although both groups had the benefit of olaparib over placebo. Whilst caveated by small sample size, this trend was maintained for PFS, but not overall survival, when adjusting for BRCA status across the olaparib and placebo treatment groups, a key driver of PARP inhibitor sensitivity.

Conclusion

We provide clinical evidence supporting the role of SLFN11 as a DDA therapy selection biomarker in SCLC and highlight the need for further clinical investigation into SLFN11 as a PARP inhibitor predictive biomarker.
Carbon dioxide levels in initial nests of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Sousa Kátia K. A. , Camargo Roberto S. , Caldato Nadia , Farias Adriano P. , Matos Carlos A. O. , Zanuncio José C. , Santos Isabel C. L. , Forti Luiz C.
Published: October 2021

Claustral foundation of nests by Atta sexdens Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) involves great effort by its queens, solely responsible for the cultivation of the fungus and care for her offspring at this stage. The minimum workers, after 4 months, open access to the external environment to foraging plants to cultivate the symbiotic fungus, which decomposes the plant fragments and produces gongilidea nodules as food for the individuals in the colony. Colony gas exchange and decomposition of organic matter in underground ant nests generate carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted into the atmosphere. We described the carbon dioxide concentration in colonies in the field. The objective was to evaluate the carbon dioxide concentration in initial A. sexdens colonies, in the field, and their development. The CO2 level was also measured in 4-month-old colonies in the field, using an open respirometric system fitted with an atmospheric air inlet. The CO2 level of the respirometric container was read by introducing a tube into the nest inlet hole and the air sucked by a peristaltic pump into the CO2 meter box. The CO2 concentration in the initial colony was also measured after 4 months of age, when the offspring production (number of eggs, larvae, pupae and adult workers) stabilized. Ten perforations (15 cm deep) was carried out in the adjacent soil, without a nest of ants nearby, to determine the concentration of CO2. The composition of the nests in the field was evaluated after excavating them using a gardening shovel and they were stored in 250 ml pots with 1 cm of moistened plaster at the bottom. The CO2 concentration was higher in field nest than in adjacent soil. The concentration of carbon dioxide in A. sexdens nests in the field is higher than in those in the soil, due to the production of CO2 by the fungus garden and colony.
Graphene coated magnetic nanoparticles facilitate the release of biofuels and oleochemicals from yeast cell factories
Authors: Pandit Santosh , Konzock Oliver , Leistner Kirsten , Mokkapati VRSS , Merlo Alessandra , Sun Jie , Mijakovic Ivan
Published: October 2021

Engineering of microbial cells to produce high value chemicals is rapidly advancing. Yeast, bacteria and microalgae are being used to produce high value chemicals by utilizing widely available carbon sources. However, current extraction processes of many high value products from these cells are time- and labor-consuming and require toxic chemicals. This makes the extraction processes detrimental to the environment and not economically feasible. Hence, there is a demand for the development of simple, effective, and environmentally friendly method for the extraction of high value chemicals from these cell factories. Herein, we hypothesized that atomically thin edges of graphene having ability to interact with hydrophobic materials, could be used to extract high value lipids from cell factories. To achieve this, array of axially oriented graphene was deposited on iron nanoparticles. These coated nanoparticles were used to facilitate the release of intracellular lipids from Yarrowia lipolytica cells. Our treatment process can be integrated with the growth procedure and achieved the release of 50% of total cellular lipids from Y. lipolytica cells. Based on this result, we propose that nanoparticles coated with axially oriented graphene could pave efficient, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective way to release intracellular lipids from yeast cell factories.
Disclosure of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid-responsive genes provides a molecular tool for deciphering stress responses in soybean
Authors: Beyer Sebastian F. , Bel Paloma Sánchez , Flors Victor , Schultheiss Holger , Conrath Uwe , Langenbach Caspar J. G.
Published: October 2021

Hormones orchestrate the physiology of organisms. Measuring the activity of defense hormone-responsive genes can help understanding immune signaling and facilitate breeding for plant health. However, different from model species like Arabidopsis, genes that respond to defense hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) have not been disclosed in the soybean crop. We performed global transcriptome analyses to fill this knowledge gap. Upon exogenous application, endogenous levels of SA and JA increased in leaves. SA predominantly activated genes linked to systemic acquired resistance and defense signaling whereas JA mainly activated wound response-associated genes. In general, SA-responsive genes were activated earlier than those responding to JA. Consistent with the paradigm of biotrophic pathogens predominantly activating SA responses, free SA and here identified most robust SA marker genes GmNIMIN1, GmNIMIN1.2 and GmWRK40 were induced upon inoculation with Phakopsora pachyrhizi, whereas JA marker genes did not respond to infection with the biotrophic fungus. Spodoptera exigua larvae caused a strong accumulation of JA-Ile and JA-specific mRNA transcripts of GmBPI1, GmKTI1 and GmAAT whereas neither free SA nor SA-marker gene transcripts accumulated upon insect feeding. Our study provides molecular tools for monitoring the dynamic accumulation of SA and JA, e.g. in a given stress condition.
Research on time series characteristics of the gas drainage evaluation index based on lasso regression
Authors: Song Shuang , Li Shugang , Zhang Tianjun , Ma Li , Zhang Lei , Pan Shaobo
Published: October 2021

The evaluation of the coal mine gas drainage effect is affected by many factors, such as flow rate, wind speed, drainage negative pressure, concentration, and temperature. This paper starts from actual coal mine production monitoring data and based on the lasso regression algorithm, features selection of multiple parameters of the preprocessed gas concentration time series to construct gas concentration feature selection based on the algorithm. The three-time smoothing index method is used to fill in the missing values. Aiming at the problem of different dimensions in the gas concentration time series, the MinMaxScaler method is used to normalize the data. The lasso regression algorithm is used to perform feature selection on the multivariable gas concentration time series, and the gas concentration time series selected by the lasso feature and the gas concentration time series without feature selection are input. The performance of the ANN algorithm for gas concentration prediction is compared and analyzed. The optimal α value and L1 norm are selected based on the grid search method to determine the strong explanatory gas concentration time series feature set of the working face, and an experimental comparison of the gas concentration prediction results before and after the lasso feature selection is performed. We verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Effectiveness of using representative subsets of global climate models in future crop yield projections
Authors: Qian Budong , Jing Qi , Cannon Alex J. , Smith Ward , Grant Brian , Semenov Mikhail A. , Xu Yue-Ping , Ma Di
Published: October 2021

Representative subsets of global climate models (GCMs) are often used in climate change impact studies to account for uncertainty in ensemble climate projections. However, the effectiveness of such subsets has seldom been assessed for the estimations of either the mean or the spread of the full ensembles. We assessed two different approaches that were employed to select 5 GCMs from a 20-member ensemble of GCMs from the CMIP5 ensemble for projecting canola and spring wheat yields across Canada under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 emission scenarios in the periods 2040–2069 and 2070–2099, based on crop simulation models. Averages and spreads of the simulated crop yields using the 5-GCM subsets selected by T&P and KKZ approaches were compared with the full 20-GCM ensemble. Our results showed that the 5-GCM subsets selected by the two approaches could produce full-ensemble means with a relative absolute error of 2.9–4.7% for canola and 1.5–2.2% for spring wheat, and covers 61.8–91.1% and 66.1–80.8% of the full-ensemble spread for canola and spring wheat, respectively. Our results also demonstrated that both approaches were very likely to outperform a subset of randomly selected 5 GCMs in terms of a smaller error and a larger range.
Novel﻿ eco-friendly low cost and energy efficient synthesis of (Nd–Pr–Dy)2Fe14B magnetic powder from monazite concentrate
Authors: Haider Syed Kamran , Lee Jin-Young , Pawar Amol Uttam , Kim Dongsoo , Kang Young Soo
Published: October 2021

Syntheses of Nd2Fe14B magnetic powder by conventional method is a complicated multi-step process, which produces harmful pollutants and consumes a huge amount of energy and resources. Herein we report a simple chemical route for the preparation of (Nd–Pr)2Fe14B magnetic powder using monazite concentrate as a precursor. Th, U, Sm, and La impurities were removed from monazite leachate by roasting, solvent extraction and leaching the concentrate. Purified leachate consisting of Nd and Pr Chlorides was added to the FeCl3 solution, and the solution produced was co-precipitated with NaOH. RE and Fe hydroxide precipitates were converted to the oxides by annealing at 700 °C. Boric acid and CaH2 were added in the RE and Fe oxides produced, and this mixture was reduced and diffused to (Nd–Pr)2Fe14B. Magnetic properties of the (Nd–Pr)2Fe14B produced were enhanced by introducing antiferromagnetic coupling, induced by Dy addition and efficient removal of CaO byproduct through ball milling in ethanol which increased the BHmax from 3.9 to 11.45 MGOe. Process reported is energy efficient, environment-friendly, time saving and low-cost.
Effect of dietary mannan oligosaccharides and fructo-oligosaccharides on physico-chemical indices, antioxidant and oxidative stability of broiler chicken meat
Authors: Biswas Avishek , Mohan Namit , Dev Kapil , Mir Nasir Akbar , Tiwari Ashok Kumar
Published: October 2021

The objective of this present study was to investigate the potentiality of prebiotics (mannan oligosaccharides-MOS and fructo-oligosaccharides-FOS) in replacement of antibiotic growth promoter and their relationship with physico-chemical indices, antioxidant and oxidative stability and carcass traits of broiler chickens meat. Accordingly, 240 day-old broiler chicks of uniform body weight divided in 6 treatment groups with 5 replicate each (5 × 6 = 30) having 8 birds in each replicate. Six corn based dietary treatments were formulated viz. T1 (control diet), T2 (T1 + Bacitracin methylene di-salicylate @ 0.002%), T3 (T1 + 0.1% MOS), T4 (T1 + 0.2% MOS), T5 (T1 + 0.1% FOS), and T6 (T1 + 0.2% FOS). Significant (p < 0.05) increase in cut up part yields (%) and reduction in cholesterol and fat content in T4 (0.2% MOS) group. The water holding capacity (WHC) and extract release volume (ERV) were increase (p < 0.05) in 0.1 or 0.2% MOS supplemented group. DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazy) was higher (p < 0.05) and lipid oxidation (free fatty acid and thio-barbituric acid reactive substances) was lower (p < 0.05) in T4 group. The standard plate count (SPC), staphylococcus and coliform counts were decreased (p < 0.05) in T3 or T4 group. Thus, it can be concluded that mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) may be incorporated at 0.2% level in diet for improved physico-chemical indices, antioxidant and oxidative stability and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens meat and it may be suitable replacer of antibiotic growth promoter.
Prefrontal stimulation prior to motor sequence learning alters multivoxel patterns in the striatum and the hippocampus
Authors: Gann Mareike A. , King Bradley R. , Dolfen Nina , Veldman Menno P. , Davare Marco , Swinnen Stephan P. , Mantini Dante , Robertson Edwin M. , Albouy Geneviève
Published: October 2021

Motor sequence learning (MSL) is supported by dynamical interactions between hippocampal and striatal networks that are thought to be orchestrated by the prefrontal cortex. In the present study, we tested whether individually-tailored theta-burst stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) prior to MSL can modulate multivoxel response patterns in the stimulated cortical area, the hippocampus and the striatum. Response patterns were assessed with multivoxel correlation structure analyses of functional magnetic resonance imaging data acquired during task practice and during resting-state scans before and after learning/stimulation. Results revealed that, across stimulation conditions, MSL induced greater modulation of task-related DLPFC multivoxel patterns than random practice. A similar learning-related modulatory effect was observed on sensorimotor putamen patterns under inhibitory stimulation. Furthermore, MSL as well as inhibitory stimulation affected (posterior) hippocampal multivoxel patterns at post-intervention rest. Exploratory analyses showed that MSL-related brain patterns in the posterior hippocampus persisted into post-learning rest preferentially after inhibitory stimulation. These results collectively show that prefrontal stimulation can alter multivoxel brain patterns in deep brain regions that are critical for the MSL process. They also suggest that stimulation influenced early offline consolidation processes as evidenced by a stimulation-induced modulation of the reinstatement of task pattern into post-learning wakeful rest.
Precise membrane separation of nanoparticles using a microporous polymer containing radially π-conjugated molecular carbocycles
Authors: Wang Shengda , Huang Qiang , Wang Jinyi , Huang Pingsen , Fang Pengwei , Du Pingwu
Published: October 2021

We report the synthesis of a novel π-conjugated porous polymer, which demonstrates a distinct small size cutoff (ca. 2.6 nm) and a major size at ∼1.5 nm for the size-selective separation of nanoparticles.
Computational modelling of ammonia addition on partially reduced graphene oxide flakes
Authors: Makkos Eszter , Bodrogi Dominika , Szieberth Dénes
Published: October 2021

Finite-sized molecules containing four epoxide groups were applied as PRGO nanoflake models to investigate NH3 adsorption with DFT. A multistep reaction with a non-typical nucleophilic substitution was found in which H2O can play a crucial role.
Using quantum dynamics to study the effect of energy efficiency on the reactivity of the OH + DBr reaction
Authors: Wang Yuping , Shi Shuhua , Tan Ruishan , Yan Wei , Gao Delu , Wang Dunyou
Published: October 2021

We developed a method to explain the reason for the enhancement of the vibrational excitation and the hindrance of the rotational excitation for the OH + DBr reaction.
Correction: Solubilities in aqueous nitrate solutions that appear to reverse the law of mass action
Authors: Reynolds Jacob G.
Published: October 2021

Correction for ‘Solubilities in aqueous nitrate solutions that appear to reverse the law of mass action’ by Jacob G. Reynolds et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2021, 23, 21407–21418, DOI: 10.1039/D1CP03124D.
Comprehensive effects of oceanic pressure and temperature on in situ LIBS signals
Authors: Li Nan , Guo Jinjia , Song Jiaojian , Ye Wangquan , Lu Yuan , Tian Ye , Zheng Ronger
Published: October 2021

Deep-sea in situ detection was performed using the developed LIBS system and the comprehensive effects of oceanic pressure and temperature on underwater LIBS were investigated in practice.
MoP@MoO3S-scheme heterojunctionin situconstruction with phosphating MoO3for high-efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Zhang Lijun , Jin Zhiliang , Tsubaki Noritatsu
Published: October 2021

The introduced phosphorus atoms can replace MoO3oxygen atoms to form Mo–P bonds. The interface interaction dominated by chemical bonds has a stronger interface interaction force, which can promote the interface charge transfer.
Surface passivation induced a significant enhancement of superconductivity in layered two-dimensional MSi2N4 (M = Ta and Nb) materials
Authors: Yan Luo , Wang Bao-Tian , Huang Xingyong , Li Qiaoqiao , Xue Kui , Zhang Jing , Ren Wencai , Zhou Liujiang
Published: October 2021

Effective strategies, including surface passivation, metal atom substitution, and doping/strain engineering, for enhancing superconductivity in 2D transition metal di-nitrides.
Correction: Synthesis and application of methyl itaconate–anthracene adducts in configuration assignment of chiral secondary alcohols by 1H NMR
Authors: Rithchumpon Puracheth , Intakaew Neeranuth , Khamto Nopawit , Yimklan Saranphong , Nimmanpipug Piyarat , Thavornyutikarn Praput , Meepowpan Puttinan
Published: October 2021

Correction for ‘Synthesis and application of methyl itaconate–anthracene adducts in configuration assignment of chiral secondary alcohols by 1H NMR’ by Puracheth Rithchumpon et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/D1OB01387D.