bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of meliponiculture Tetragonula laeviceps on pollinator diversity and visitation rate and citrus productivity in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: NURDIANSYAH MUHAMAD ALDI , Abduh Muhammad Yusuf , Permana Agus Dana
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Nurdiansyah MA, Abduh MY, Permana AD. 2023. Effects of meliponiculture Tetragonula laeviceps on pollinator diversity and visitation rate and citrus productivity in West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5757-5763. Citrus reticulata var. Rimau Gerga Lebong (RGL) is a prominent Indonesian citrus variety, yet its global productivity is facing challenges due to decreasing diversity in pollinators. This study aimed to bolster the productivity of C. reticulata var. RGL in Bandung by introducing Tetragonula laeviceps Smith 1857 (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Simultaneously, the study explored the influence of pollinator diversity, foraging behavior, and visitation rates and compared the results with open and wind pollination. Field investigations were conducted to observe the pollination activities of T. laeviceps and eight wild pollinator species, including Apis cerana Fabricius 1793, Ceratina cognata Smith 1879, Xylocopa confusa Pérez 1901, Xylocopa latipes Drury 1773, Vespa affinis Linnaeus 1764, Dolichoderus thoracicus Smith 1860, Papilio demoleus Linnaeus 1758, and Catopsilia pyrantel Linnaeus 1758. T. laeviceps exhibited the highest relative abundance (34.87%) and an average time spent of 72.11 seconds per flower. Visitation rates were highest during noon (10:00 to 13:00) at 0.31 pollinators/hour/flower, influenced by temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity. The phenological stages of C. reticulata var. RGL spanned 240 days. Fruit set, fruit weight, and estimated citrus productivity were significantly higher in T. laeviceps and open pollination compared to wind pollination. This study highlights the suitability of T. laeviceps as an effective pollinator for C. reticulata var. RGL. The findings have implications for the conservation and management of pollinator populations to ensure sustainable citrus production in the declining global diversity.
The influence of coffee clones and postharvest methods on the physical quality of eight clones of local robusta coffee in West Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: ANALIANASARI ANALIANASARI , MURHADI MURHADI , NURDIN SAMSU UDAYANA , UTOMO TANTO P. , SUHANDY DIDING
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Analianasari, Murhadi M, Nurdin SU, Utomo TP, Suhandy D. 2023. The influence of coffee clones and postharvest methods on the physical quality of eight clones of local robusta coffee in West Lampung, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5779-5787. One of the qualities of coffee is a physical characteristic that can be seen directly as a determinant of the coffee bean's price. This study consisted of eight clones of robusta coffee picked red, which was processed using the postharvest method (natural, honey, and full wash) with three repetitions, then evaluated based on the physical attributes of the coffee beans (moisture content, weight of 100 coffee beans, length and the width of the coffee beans, the percentage of passing through the Sieve, and the number of coffee bean defects). The results showed that most of the physical quality parameters of clones from local Robusta coffee varieties were carried out using the postharvest method and planted in West Lampung statistically different (P<0.05). The moisture content in naturally processed tugu sari clones had a higher moisture content, but it was not different from the srintil clones in all postharvest processing. All clones can produce specialty (fine) and premium quality coffee beans based on the quality of the physical attributes. However, dry processing (natural and honey) fine coffee clones provide the best quality physical attributes. The findings from this study were that the diversity of cloned robusta coffee with various postharvest methods provides information that indicators of local genetic diversity had different physical attributes, but more significant and repeated experiments are needed to obtain accurate results.
The potential of bamboo and the contribution of bamboo craftsmen to the community's income in Cibadak Village, Bogor City, Indonesia
Authors: Muttaqin Zainal , Rusli Abdul Rahman , Supriyanto Bambang
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Muttaqin Z, Rusli AR, Supriyanto B. 2023. The potential of bamboo and the contribution of bamboo craftsmen to the community's income in Cibadak Village, Bogor City, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5796-5807. Bamboo is a plant of rural communities that can be used for various purposes in people's lives. Cibadak Village is thought to have a substantial number of bamboo potentials, but the exact amount has yet to be discovered. Likewise, the contribution of income obtained from bamboo-cage craftsmen is also unknown, so studies on this issue are essential. This research aimed to determine the potential availability of plants and the contribution of bamboo craftsmen to the income of the people of Cibadak Village, Tanah Sareal Sub-district, Bogor City, West Java Province, Indonesia. The collection of data was conducted through field research and bibliographic research. This research concluded that the potential of bamboo in Cibadak Village was only 6.72 ha or 2.04% of the total area, and the contribution of bamboo craftsmen to the community's income was less significant (27.03%) compared to the average total income of the community. However, the income of bamboo craftsmen more than the other income contribution came from drivers (25.00%), merchants (21.67%), and construction workers (26,30%). Only 20% of respondents consider the revenue of bamboo craftsmen as the main job, and 80% of the revenue is side income to complete revenue from the other job. The species of bamboo were found of bambu tali (Gigantochloa apus), bambu betung (Dendrocalamus asper), bambu ampel hijau (Bambusa vulgaris var. vitata), bambu ampel kuning (Bambusa vulgaris var. striata), and bambu andong (Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea).  Bambu tali are the most commonly found in Cibadak Village, consisting of 279 clumps (80.87%) and 25,028 culms (90.70%), while other bamboo species were found in small numbers. The bamboo craftsmen use all raw materials of Bambu tali (Gigantochloa apus), and a few people also utilize bamboo shoots of Bambu betung and Bambu ampel for self-consumption as complementary food vegetables.
Carrying capacity of mangrove ecotourism area in Pantai Indah Kapuk, North Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: EWALDO KEVIN , KARUNIASA MAHAWAN , TAKARINA NOVERITA DIAN
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Ewaldo K, Karuniasa M, Takarina ND. 2023. Carrying capacity of mangrove ecotourism area in Pantai Indah Kapuk, North Jakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5809-5820. Mangroves are crucial in providing various ecological and economic benefits to local communities. This study focuses on the economic aspect of mangroves by analyzing their potential as a tourist attraction in the Mangrove Ecotourism, Pantai Indah Kapuk (PIK). The objective of this study is to analyze the carrying capacity of the mangroves as a tourist attraction to ensure sustainable tourism development. The study was conducted in the Mangrove Ecotourism area, Pantai Indah Kapuk, from January to March 2023, utilizing a quantitative approach. The carrying capacity of the mangrove ecosystem was assessed using the Physical Carrying Capacity (PCC), Real Carrying Capacity (RCC), and Effective Carrying Capacity (ECC) methods. The calculated values for PCC, RCC, and ECC were 107, 16, and 313 visitors/day, respectively. The analysis revealed that the number of visitors at the PIK Mangrove Ecotourism in 2022 had exceeded the PCC and RCC limits, indicating potential ecological impacts. However, the number of visitors had remained within the ECC limits, suggesting that with proper management, the site could accommodate the current visitor levels sustainably. To achieve long-term sustainability, several initiatives are recommended, such as creating zoning in tourist areas to distribute visitor pressure, increasing the number of field officers to monitor the site, and implementing an online ordering system to manage visitor flow efficiently. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of the carrying capacity concept in ecotourism and provide valuable insights for the management and conservation of mangrove ecosystems as tourist attractions.
Transmission characteristics of Gaussian array beams in seawater-to-air propagating incorporating turbulence media and foam layer
Authors: Du Xing , Du Hao , Xiong Zhenyang , Ding Guixuan , Feng Hui , Wang Sheng , Liu Qiang , Jia Zhongzhen
Published: January 2024

This paper investigates the propagation of Gaussian array beams (GABs) through seawater-to-air in the presence of oceanic turbulence, atmospheric turbulence, and wave foams. Specifically, we focus on the intensity distribution of diverse typical GAB structures (ring, multi-ring, and rectangle). Then, an innovative intensity analysis model to calculate the average intensity in each medium is proposed. Moreover, we experimentally verify the proposed method by examining the intensity fading characteristic of Gaussian beams in the seawater-to-air path. Our results show that the peak intensity is primarily affected by the refraction in the ocean and foam layer, rather than air layer. The difference of theoretical and experimental values are less than 0.13 for the peak intensity. Moreover, the intensity distributions are more significantly affected by ocean turbulence but less influenced by wind speed.
Discrepancy of coordinate system selection in backscattering Mueller matrix polarimetry: exploring photon coordinate system transformation invariants
Authors: Hao Rui , Zeng Nan , Zhang Zheng , He Honghui , He Chao , Ma Hui
Published: January 2024

In biomedical studies, Mueller matrix polarimetry is gaining increasing attention because it can comprehensively characterize polarization-related vectorial properties of the sample, which are crucial for microstructural identification and evaluation. For backscattering Mueller matrix polarimetry, there are two photon coordinate selection conventions, which can affect the following Mueller matrix parameters calculation and information acquisition quantitatively. In this study, we systematically analyze the influence of photon coordinate system selection on the backscattering Mueller matrix polarimetry. We compare the Mueller matrix elements in the right-handed-nonunitary and non-right-handed-unitary coordinate systems, and specifically deduce the changes of Mueller matrix polar decomposition, Mueller matrix Cloude decomposition and Mueller matrix transformation parameters widely used in backscattering Mueller matrix imaging as the photon coordinate system varied. Based on the theoretical analysis and phantom experiments, we provide a group of photon coordinate system transformation invariants for backscattering Mueller matrix polarimetry. The findings presented in this study give a crucial criterion of parameters selection for backscattering Mueller matrix imaging under different photon coordinate systems.
High-Q and high finesse silicon microring resonator
Authors: Nijem Jinan , Naiman Alex , Zektzer Roy , Frydendahl Christian , Mazurski Noa , Levy Uriel
Published: January 2024

We demonstrate the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of a single transverse mode adiabatic microring resonator (MRR) implemented using the silicon-on- insulator (SOI) platform using local oxidation of silicon (LOCOS) approach. Following its fabrication, the device was characterized experimentally and an ultrahigh intrinsic Q-factor of ∼2 million with a free spectral range (FSR) of 2 nm was achieved, giving rise to a finesse of ∼1100, the highest demonstrated so far in SOI platform at the telecom band. We have further studied our device to analyze the source of losses that occur in the MRR and to understand the limits of the achievable Q-factor. The surface roughness was quantified using AFM scans and the root mean square roughness was found to be ∼ 0.32±0.03 nm. The nonlinear losses were further examined by coupling different optical power levels into the MRR. Indeed, we could observe that the nonlinear losses become more pronounced at power levels in the range of hundreds of microwatts. The demonstrated approach for constructing high-Q and high finesse MRRs can play a major role in the implementation of devices such as modulators, sensors, filters, frequency combs and devices that are used for quantum applications, e.g., photon pair generation.
Systems approach for congruence and selection of cancer models towards precision medicine
Authors: Zou Jian , Shah Osama , Chiu Yu-Chiao , Ma Tianzhou , Atkinson Jennifer M. , Oesterreich Steffi , Lee Adrian V. , Tseng George C.
Published: January 2024

Cancer models are instrumental as a substitute for human studies and to expedite basic, translational, and clinical cancer research. For a given cancer type, a wide selection of models, such as cell lines, patient-derived xenografts, organoids and genetically modified murine models, are often available to researchers. However, how to quantify their congruence to human tumors and to select the most appropriate cancer model is a largely unsolved issue. Here, we present Congruence Analysis and Selection of CAncer Models (CASCAM), a statistical and machine learning framework for authenticating and selecting the most representative cancer models in a pathway-specific manner using transcriptomic data. CASCAM provides harmonization between human tumor and cancer model omics data, systematic congruence quantification, and pathway-based topological visualization to determine the most appropriate cancer model selection. The systems approach is presented using invasive lobular breast carcinoma (ILC) subtype and suggesting CAMA1 followed by UACC3133 as the most representative cell lines for ILC research. Two additional case studies for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and patient-derived xenograft/organoid (PDX/PDO) are further investigated. CASCAM is generalizable to any cancer subtype and will authenticate cancer models for faithful non-human preclinical research towards precision medicine.
Predicting saturated and near-saturated hydraulic conductivity using artificial neural networks and multiple linear regression in calcareous soils
Authors: Mozaffari Hasan , Moosavi Ali Akbar , Nematollahi Mohammad Amin
Published: January 2024

Hydraulic conductivity (Kψ) is one of the most important soil properties that influences water and chemical movement within the soil and is a vital factor in various management practices, like drainage, irrigation, erosion control, and flood protection. Therefore, it is an essential component in soil monitoring and managerial practices. The importance of Kψ in soil-water relationship, difficulties for its measurement in the field, and its high variability led us to evaluate the potential of stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR), and multilayer perceptron (MLPNNs) and radial-basis function (RBFNNs) neural networks approaches to predict Kψ at tensions of 15, 10, 5, and 0 cm (K15, K10, K5, and K0, respectively) using easily measurable attributes in calcareous soils. A total of 102 intact (by stainless steel rings) and composite (using spade from 0–20 cm depth) soil samples were collected from different land uses of Fars Province, Iran. The common physico-chemical attributes were determined by the common standard laboratory approaches. Additionally, the mentioned hydraulic attributes were measured using a tension-disc infiltrometer (with a 10 cm radius) in situ. Results revealed that the most of studied soil structure-related parameters (soil organic matter, soluble sodium, sodium adsorption ratio, mean weight diameter of aggregates, pH, and bulk density) are more correlated with K5 and K0 than particle-size distribution-related parameters (sand, silt, and standard deviation and geometric mean diameter of particles size). For K15 and K10, the opposite results were obtained. The applied approaches predicted K15, K10, K5, and K0 with determination coefficient of validation data (R2val) of 0.52 to 0.63 for SMLR; 0.71 to 0.82 for MLPNNs; and 0.58 to 0.78 for RBFNNs. In general, the capability of the applied methods for predicting Kψ at all the applied tensions was ranked as MLPNNs > RBFNNs > SMLR. Although the SMLR method provided easy to use pedotransfer functions for predicting Kψ in calcareous soils, the present study suggests using the MLPNNs approach due to its high capability for generating accurate predictions.
Reallocating time between device-measured 24-hour activities and cardiovascular risk in Asian American immigrant women: An isotemporal substitution model
Authors: Park Chorong , Larsen Britta , Kwon Simona C. , Xia Yuhe , LaNoue Marianna , Dickson Victoria V. , Reynolds Harmony R. , Spruill Tanya M.
Published: January 2024

The 24-hour day consists of physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior, and sleep, and changing the time spent on one activity affects the others. Little is known about the impact of such changes on cardiovascular risk, particularly in Asian American immigrant (AAI) women, who not only have a higher cardiovascular risk but also place greater cultural value on family and domestic responsibilities compared to other racial/ethnic groups. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of reallocating 30 minutes of each 24-hour activity component for another on BMI, waist circumference, and blood pressure in AAI women. Seventy-five AAI women completed 7 days of hip and wrist actigraphy monitoring and were included in the analysis (age = 61.5±8.0 years, BMI = 25.5±3.6 kg/m2, waist circumference = 85.9±10.2 cm). Sleep was identified from wrist actigraphy data, and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), light PA, and sedentary behavior identified from hip actigraphy data. On average, the women spent 0.5 hours in MVPA, 6.2 hours in light PA, 10 hours in sedentary activities, and 5.3 hours sleeping within a 24-hour day. According to the isotemporal substitution models, replacing 30 minutes of sedentary behavior with MVPA reduced BMI by 1.4 kg/m2 and waist circumference by 4.0 cm. Replacing that same sedentary time with sleep reduced BMI by 0.5 kg/m2 and waist circumference by 1.4 cm. Replacing 30 minutes of light PA with MVPA decreased BMI by 1.6 kg/m2 and waist circumference by 4.3 cm. Replacing 30 minutes of light PA with sleep also reduced BMI by 0.8 kg/m2 and waist circumference by 1.7 cm. However, none of the behavioral substitutions affected blood pressure. Considering AAI women’s short sleep duration, replacing their sedentary time with sleep might be a feasible strategy to reduce their BMI and waist circumference.
The role of species ecology in predicting Toxoplasma gondii prevalence in wild and domesticated mammals globally
Authors: Wilson Amy G. , Lapen David R. , Provencher Jennifer F. , Wilson Scott
Published: January 2024

Macroecological approaches can provide valuable insight into the epidemiology of globally distributed, multi-host pathogens. Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan that infects any warm-blooded animal, including humans, in almost every habitat worldwide. Toxoplasma gondii infects its hosts through oocysts in the environment, carnivory of tissue cysts within intermediate host prey and vertical transmission. These routes of infection enable specific predictions regarding the ecological and life history traits that should predispose specific taxa to higher exposure and, thus infection rates of T. gondii. Using T. gondii prevalence data compiled from 485 studies representing 533 free-ranging wild mammalian species, we examined how ecological (habitat type, trophic level) and life history (longevity, vagility, gestation duration and torpor) traits influence T. gondii infection globally. We also compared T. gondii prevalence between wild and domesticated species from the same taxonomic families using data compiled from 540 studies of domestic cattle, sheep, and pigs. Across free-ranging wildlife, we found the average T. gondii prevalence was 22%, which is comparable to the global human estimate. Among ecological guilds, terrestrial species had lower T. gondii prevalence than aquatic species, with freshwater aquatic taxa having an increased prevalence compared to marine aquatic species. Dietary niches were also influential, with carnivores having an increased risk compared to other trophic feeding groups that have reduced tissue cyst exposure in their diet. With respect to influential life history traits, we found that more vagile wildlife species had higher T. gondii infection rates, perhaps because of the higher cumulative risk of infection during movement through areas with varying T. gondii environmental loads. Domestic farmed species had a higher T. gondii prevalence compared to free-ranging confamilial wildlife species. Through a macroecological approach, we determined the relative significance of transmission routes of a generalist pathogen, demonstrating an increased infection risk for aquatic and carnivorous species and highlighting the importance of preventing pathogen pollution into aquatic environments. Toxoplasma gondii is increasingly understood to be primarily an anthropogenically-associated pathogen whose dissemination is enhanced by ecosystem degradation and human subsidisation of free-roaming domestic cats. Adopting an ecosystem restoration approach to reduce one of the world’s most common parasites would synergistically contribute to other initiatives in conservation, feline and wildlife welfare, climate change, food security and public health.
Higher temperature accelerates the aging-dependent weakening of the melanization immune response in mosquitoes
Authors: Martin Lindsay E. , Hillyer Julián F.
Published: January 2024

The body temperature of mosquitoes, like most insects, is dictated by the environmental temperature. Climate change is increasing the body temperature of insects and thereby altering physiological processes such as immune proficiency. Aging also alters insect physiology, resulting in the weakening of the immune system in a process called senescence. Although both temperature and aging independently affect the immune system, it is unknown whether temperature alters the rate of immune senescence. Here, we evaluated the independent and combined effects of temperature (27°C, 30°C and 32°C) and aging (1, 5, 10 and 15 days old) on the melanization immune response of the adult female mosquito,Anopheles gambiae. Using a spectrophotometric assay that measures phenoloxidase activity (a rate limiting enzyme) in hemolymph, and therefore, the melanization potential of the mosquito, we discovered that the strength of melanization decreases with higher temperature, aging, and infection. Moreover, when the temperature is higher, the aging-dependent decline in melanization begins at a younger age. Using an optical assay that measures melanin deposition on the abdominal wall and in the periostial regions of the heart, we found that melanin is deposited after infection, that this deposition decreases with aging, and that this aging-dependent decline is accelerated by higher temperature. This study demonstrates that higher temperature accelerates immune senescence in mosquitoes, with higher temperature uncoupling physiological age from chronological age. These findings highlight the importance of investigating the consequences of climate change on how disease transmission by mosquitoes is affected by aging.
Structural Characterization of Salts Using X-ray Fluorescence Technique
Authors: Meena Bashdar I. , Karim Hawbash H. , Aziz Kurdistan F. , Chaqmaqchee Faten A. , Kokhasmail Dashne M. , Hussein Khabat N.
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the structure of 21 table salts that were collected from different local markets in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. The major trace elements and iodine concentrations in tablesalt are analyzed through the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique and the titration method, respectively. The study shows that using XRF spectral analysis, the collected table salt samples are rich in chlorine, sodium, and contain a lower percentage of bromine, strontium, tin, tellurium, and iodine. Moreover, these samples have a high percentage of sulfur and sirconium, where the molybdenum is >0.2%. Other elements such as zinc and copper are essential and found in low concentrations <0.0086% and 0.001%. Iodine is a trace element that is necessary nutrients for human life, and it is naturally present in some foods. Iodine deficiency is brought on by a lack of iodine consumption. Iodized salt is highly recommended as a source of iodine to prevent iodine deficiency disease. Iodine is added to table salt in two different ways, either through iodate or through iodine. The results show that only 25% of the salt samples have an adequate level of iodine, while the other samples have low or no iodine content. According to the World Health Organization, quality of salt depends on iodine concentration and other trace elements, which are necessary for human health.
Nursing Theory: Contemporary Issues
Authors:   , Al-Balqaa Applied Universiy, AL Obiea Hanan , Harb Eman
Published: January 2024

N.A
Extracellular DNA is Increased in Dextran Sulphate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice
Authors: Maronek M. , Gromova B. , Liptak R. , Klimova D. , Cechova B. , Gardlik Roman
Published: January 2024

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease constitute the two main forms of inflammatory bowel disease. Prevalence of these diseases increases. In the present day, inadequate and inefficient therapy causes complications and frequent relapse. Extracellular DNA (ecDNA) is the DNA that is outside of cells and may be responsible for activation of the inflammatory response. To determine whether colitis is associated with higher concentration of ecDNA we used male mice of the C57BL/6 strain. Colitis was induced by 2% dextran sulphate sodium (DSS). After 7 days, mice exhibited considerable weight loss compared to the control group. Also, there was a higher stool consistency score and the colon was significantly shorter in comparison to the control group. Higher concentration of ecDNA was found in the DSS group. Interestingly, deoxyribonuclease activity was lower in the colon of the DSS group compared with the negative control. These findings may point to ecDNA as a potential pathogenetic factor and marker of inflammation.
Motivation of U.S. High School Students in Learning Chinese
Authors: Zhao Suihua , Wu Yiqiang
Published: January 2024

This study surveyed 217 American high school students’ motivational factors in learning Chinese and the factors that sustain their learning of this language. In addition, the perceptions of teachers and student focus groups were used to verify, explain and expand the survey findings. Due to the constraint of the space, only quantitative research data and findings are included in this paper. The qualitative research data and findings will be discussed in the future. The findings suggested that the future career prospect connected to China’s economy was one of the most important factors that motivated students to learn Chinese and sustained their motivation. This finding supports the language globalization hypothesis proposed by Dörnyei and Csizer (2002) as such that Chinese is in the process of being changed into a world language due to the growth of China’s economy. In addition, the unique aspect of Chinese language and culture contributes to the challenge of learning Chinese and serves as another important factor to motivate students and sustain their learning. This finding supports self-determination theory (SDT) as learning a challenging subject satisfies learners’ needs for competence. It was found non-Chinese students continued significantly longer in Chinese programs. Heritage is ethnic Chinese students’ most important motivator to learn Chinese and to sustain their learning. The desire to maintain one’s heritage through learning a second language (L2) reflects heritage learners’ need for relatedness to their culture, which is one of human beings’ innate psychological needs according to SDT. More studies on high school students’ motivation for learning Chinese and other less commonly taught languages are needed. This research is intended to provide data for schools in the United States and overseas that are contemplating implementation of a Chinese language program.
Liberalism and Shia Political Thought in the Thought of Allameh Naieni, A Theoretical Framework for the Iranian Constitutional Revolution
Authors: Barkhordari Aref
Published: January 2024

The purpose of writing this article is to analyze and describe the political thought of Allameh Mohammad Hossein Naeini as one of the most important theorists of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution (1284 AH), who tried to reconcile the components of liberalism and classical Shiite political thought to provide a Theoretical basis for the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. In this article, the treatise "Tanbih al-Ulama and Tanzih al-Mulla is, the most important work of Naeini and some other works that have studied her thought, are examined. In Iranian Constitutional Revolution, those who defended the Constitution against   supporters of tyranny began to write their treatises, mainly during period of minor tyrann[1]. The most important goal of these thinkers in writing the treatises is to eliminate tyranny, reduce king, s power and rulers in political system of Qajar period and limiting them to the law of parliament and public will on one hand and explaining the concepts and foundations of liberalism and constitutionalism in a way that is compatible with Islamic law on the other hand. In justifying constitutionalism these treatises has referred more to weaknesses and harms of authoritarian system, as well as to poverty and backwardness of Iranian society, and considered constitutionalism to be the only solution to problems.The aim of these dissertations was to demonstrate the efficiencies and capabilities of Constitution in preserving and strengthening the Iranian society. In fact, they are in line with times have sought to implement a religious copy of liberal system and Western constitution in Iranian society. The most important treatise that written in this field is the book of Tanbih al-Allameh and Tanzih al-Mella written by Mohammad Hussein Naeini which we will examine his theories in this article.
Comparison of Two Maintenance Training Arrangements with Instructive Feedback in Children with Autism
Authors: Matos Daniel Carvalho , Loureiro Danielle Juliana Ribeiro , Silva Katiane Reis , Galvão Pollianna
Published: January 2024

Instructive feedback (IF) can improve the efficiency of teaching in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by establishing emergent skills. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two types of listener responding maintenance teaching with IF on acquisition of four untaught repertoires in three children with ASD. In one of the teaching cases, attending and tact responses of visual stimuli were required. The emergence was partial for all learners, with no great difference in the efficiency of the types of teaching. Two of the new repertoires were not demonstrated. Errorless performance of some relations was shown by all, but for only one child immediate emergence was verified. The results were discussed regarding the possibility of new investigations on alternative procedure to IF that could produce the emergence of new repertoires.
Multiple normalized solutions for fractional elliptic problems
Authors: Nguyen Thin Van , Rădulescu Vicenţiu D.
Published: January 2024

In this article, we are first concerned with the existence of multiple normalized solutions to the following fractional p-Laplace problem:

{

(

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\left\{\begin{aligned} \displaystyle{}(-\Delta)_{p}^{s}v+\mathcal{V}(\xi x)%
\lvert v\rvert^{p-2}v&\displaystyle=\lambda\lvert v\rvert^{p-2}v+f(v)\quad%
\text{in }\mathbb{R}^{N},\\
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is a continuous function, and f is a continuous function with

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p

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-subcritical growth. We prove that there exists the multiplicity of solutions by using the Lusternik–Schnirelmann category. Next, we show that the number of normalized solutions is at least the number of global minimum points of

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,
as ξ is small enough via Ekeland’s variational principle.
The role of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in the metastatic cascade: a review
Authors: Murray Nigel P.
Published: January 2024

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is a gelatinase and is involved in multiple steps of the metastatic cascade. More than a decade ago an increased expression of MMP-2 in tumour cells or higher serum levels was reported to be a prognostic biomarker for a lower disease-free and overall survival rate. In recent years new evidence has indicated that MMP-2 has an important role in the tumour ecosystem. It is one of the many players in the onco-sphere, involved in interacting between tumour cells, host cells and the microenvironment. It plays a role in the dissemination of tumour cells, the epithelial–mesenchymal and mesenchymal–epithelial transitions, the formation of the pre-metastatic and metastatic niches, dormancy of tumour cells and modulating the immune system. The aim of this review is to highlight these multiple roles in the metastatic cascade and how many signalling pathways can up or down-regulate MMP-2 activity in the different stages of cancer progression and the effect of MMP-2 on the onco-sphere. Research in head and neck cancer is used as an example of these processes. The use of non-specific MMP inhibitors has been unsuccessful showing only limited benefits and associated with high toxicity as such that none have progressed past Phase III trials. Preclinical trials are undergoing using antibodies directed against specific matrix metalloproteinases, these targeted therapies may be potentially less toxic to the patients.
Isolating neural signatures of conscious speech perception with a no-report sine-wave speech paradigm
Authors: Zhu Yunkai , Li Charlotte , Hendry Camille , Glass James , Canseco-Gonzalez Enriqueta , Pitts Michael A. , Dykstra Andrew R.
Published: January 2024

Identifying neural correlates of conscious perception is a fundamental endeavor of cognitive neuroscience. Most studies so far have focused on visual awareness along with trial-by-trial reports of task relevant stimuli, which can confound neural measures of perceptual awareness with post-perceptual processing. Here, we used a three-phase sine-wave speech paradigm that dissociated between conscious speech perception and task relevance while recording EEG in humans of both sexes. Compared to tokens perceived as noise, physically identical sine-wave speech tokens that were perceived as speech elicited a left-lateralized, near-vertex negativity, which we interpret as a phonological version of a perceptual awareness negativity. This response appeared between 200 and 300 ms after token onset and was not present for frequency-flipped control tokens that were never perceived as speech. In contrast, the P3b elicited by task-irrelevant tokens did not significantly differ when the tokens were perceived as speech versus noise, and was only enhanced for tokens that were both perceived as speechandrelevant to the task. Our results extend the findings from previous studies on visual awareness and speech perception, and suggest that correlates of conscious perception, across types of conscious content, are most likely to be found in mid-latency negative-going brain responses in content-specific sensory areas.

Significance StatementHow patterns of brain activity give rise to conscious perception is a fundamental question of cognitive neuroscience. Here, we asked whether markers of conscious speech perception can be separated from task-related confounds. We combined sine-wave speech - a degraded speech signal that is heard as noise by naive individuals but can readily be heard as speech after minimal training - with a no-report paradigm that independently manipulated perception (speech versus non-speech) and task (relevant versus irrelevant). Using this paradigm, we were able to identify a marker of speech perception in mid-latency responses over left frontotemporal EEG channels that was independent of task. Our results demonstrate that the “perceptual awareness negativity” is present for a new type of perceptual content (speech).
Cortical Reorganization after Limb Loss: Bridging the Gap between Basic Science and Clinical Recovery
Authors: Sparling Tawnee , Iyer Laxmi , Pasquina Paul , Petrus Emily
Published: January 2024

Despite the increasing incidence and prevalence of amputation across the globe, individuals with acquired limb loss continue to struggle with functional recovery and chronic pain. A more complete understanding of the motor and sensory remodeling of the peripheral and central nervous system that occurs postamputation may help advance clinical interventions to improve the quality of life for individuals with acquired limb loss. The purpose of this article is to first provide background clinical context on individuals with acquired limb loss and then to provide a comprehensive review of the known motor and sensory neural adaptations from both animal models and human clinical trials. Finally, the article bridges the gap between basic science researchers and clinicians that treat individuals with limb loss by explaining how current clinical treatments may restore function and modulate phantom limb pain using the underlying neural adaptations described above. This review should encourage the further development of novel treatments with known neurological targets to improve the recovery of individuals postamputation.

Significance Statement
In the United States, 1.6 million people live with limb loss; this number is expected to more than double by 2050. Improved surgical procedures enhance recovery, and new prosthetics and neural interfaces can replace missing limbs with those that communicate bidirectionally with the brain. These advances have been fairly successful, but still most patients experience persistent problems like phantom limb pain, and others discontinue prostheses instead of learning to use them daily. These problematic patient outcomes may be due in part to the lack of consensus among basic and clinical researchers regarding the plasticity mechanisms that occur in the brain after amputation injuries. Here we review results from clinical and animal model studies to bridge this clinicalbasic science gap.
An approximation of the Hurwitz zeta function by a finite sum
Authors: Garunkštis Ramūnas
Published: January 2024

We obtain the following version of the approximation of the Hurwitz zeta-function. Let σ ≥ 0 and |t| ≤ π x. Thenζ(s, α) = ∑0 ≤ n ≤ x 1/(n + α)s +{ (x + α)1−s}/(s − 1) + Θ ({7√2π−1 + 3}/xσ).
Influence of remediation by electrokinetic on the chemical and geotechnical properties of clayey soil contaminated by copper sulfate
Authors: Karkush Mahdi O , Ali Shahad D. , Bakr Junied A.
Published: January 2024

The enhanced electrokinetic (EK) technique is an innovative approach and increasingly used in remediation of the fine-grained texture soils contaminated with different types of contaminant. In this study, the EK is enhanced by adding an intermediate compartment and using purging solutions at the electrode’s compartments. The natural clayey soil samples were obtained from Al-Ahadab oil field and artificially contaminated with two ratios of copper sulfate (66666.67 and 26666.67 mg/kg). The feasibility of using EK technique was evaluated by the efficiency of extracting copper from soil and the magnitude of recovery in the geotechnical properties of soil. The duration of remediation was continued for about 240-250 hours depending either on the continuity of electroosmosis flow or reach a constant rate of electrical current. The removal efficiency of copper from contaminated soil samples was ranged from 98.4% to 99.6%. The EK remediation technique proved a marginal impact on the specific gravity and Atterberg’s limits, but it has a significant effect on the shear strength parameters and compressibility of soil. Furthermore, the EK technique can be considered an efficient method for removing the low and high concentrations of copper sulfate from clayey soil of low permeability.
A three-wave longitudinal study on the underlying metacognitive mechanism between depression and Internet gaming disorder
Authors: Dang Le , Yang Hong Mian , Spada Marcantonio M. , Wu Anise M. S.
Published: January 2024

Background and aims: Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and depression have negative consequences on individuals' mental health, but their relationships are complex. This three-wave longitudinal study aimed to detect the metacognitive mechanisms underlying the association between IGD tendency and depression based on the self-regulatory executive function model. Methods: A total of 1,243 Chinese undergraduate student gamers (57% female, M = 19.77, SD = 1.29) were recruited at the baseline survey (Wave 1 [W1]), with 622 and 574 of them taking part in the two follow-up surveys (Wave 2 [W2] at 6 and Wave 3 [W3] at 12 months later), respectively. Results: The three-wave path model demonstrated, after controlling for the autoregressive effect of each variable, that depression consistently predicted IGD tendency but not vice versa, while negative but not positive metacognitions about online gaming (MOG) significantly predicted both depression and IGD tendency. Moreover, two statistically significant mediation paths: (i) negative MOG [W1] → depression [W2] → IGD tendency [W3]; and (ii) depression [W1] → negative MOG [W2] → IGD tendency [W3] were identified. Discussion and conclusions: These findings extend the understanding of the associations among depression, IGD tendency, and MOG, highlighting how negative MOG has a stronger prospective effect than positive MOG on depression and IGD tendency, and also reveal the mutual mediation effects of depression and negative MOG on IGD tendency. Integrated programmes with both emotional regulation training and Metacognitive Therapy are recommended for IGD treatment.
Az endovascularis terápia szerepe és jelentősége a stroke-ellátási láncban
Authors: Szabó-Maák Zoltán , Kis Balázs , Oláh László
Published: January 2024

Az endovascularis terápia a 2015. évi klinikai bevezetése óta az akut ischaemiás
stroke nagyérelzáródással járó formáiban a revascularisatio standard módszerévé
vált. Az endovascularis terápia multidiszciplináris megközelítést igényel, mely
elsősorban komprehenzív stroke-centrumokban valósítható meg. A korábbi
stroke-ellátási lánc kibővült: interhospitális transzport vált szükségessé,
neurointervenciós és aneszteziológiai team csatlakozott az ellátók közé. A
korszerű radiológiai diagnosztika multimodális képalkotás mellett gyors
adattovábbítást és szoftveres döntéstámogatást is magában foglal. A terápiás
erőfeszítések elsődleges célja az időablakon belüli revascularisatio. A még
megmenthető agyterület (penumbra) átmeneti életképességét variábilis
kollaterális keringés biztosítja. Standard időablakokon túl végzett
revascularisatióra válogatott esetekben, penumbra-képalkotás mellett nyílhat
lehetőség. A revascularisatióban az intravénás thrombolyis megőrizte eddigi
szerepét, és indikációs köre a korábbiakhoz képest kibővült. Igazolt
nagyérelzáródás esetén az endovascularis terápia egyértelműen hatékony módszer,
elérhetősége azonban korlátozott, a kivitelezés sikerességében pedig személyi és
szervezési tényezők is szerepet játszanak. Mindezek mellett aneszteziológiai
szempontok is megjelentek. Az endovascularis terápia klinikai szerepe, valódi
jelentősége és a bevezetés kapcsán kialakult szervezési változások az általános
orvosi köztudatban kevéssé ismertek. Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(1): 14–23.
Az endometriosis és a mikrobiom
Authors: Fülöp Vilmos , Lakatos Kornél , Végh György , Kalmár László , Pállinger Éva
Published: January 2024

Az endometriosis multifaktoriális betegség, melynek szűrése és kezelése komoly kihívások elé állítja a nőgyógyászokat. Jelenleg a hormonális kezelés – például GnRH-agonista injekciók, gesztagénimplantátumok – és az érintett szövet műtéti eltávolítása, illetve méretének csökkentése az endometriosis leggyakoribb kezelési módszerei. Jelenleg megbízható noninvazív módszerek hiányában az endometriosis igazolásának legbiztosabb módszere a műtéti feltárás. Kutatócsoportunk – részben saját eredményekre támaszkodva, részben széles körű irodalmi adatok alapján – arra a következtetésre jutott, hogy az alsó, illetve felső női genitalis traktus és a bél mikrobiomja kiemelkedő szerepet játszik az endometriosis kialakulásában. Az említett területek baktériumközösségének jelenleginél részletesebb feltérképezése fontos lépés lehet az endometriosis patomechanizmusának megértésében, és új diagnosztikai módszereket is biztosíthat a klinikum számára. A mikrobiom-vizsgálatok összehasonlíthatósága azonban megköveteli, hogy a jövőbeli, prospektív vizsgálatok során szigorú és standardizált módszertant alkalmazzanak annak érdekében, hogy tisztázni lehessen a mikrobiom pontos szerepét a betegség patogenezisében, a klinikai kép formálásában és a terápia monitorozásában. Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(1): 3–13.
MECP2-gén-duplikáció gyermekkori és praenatalis diagnózisa
Authors: Bokor Barbara Anna , Török Dóra , Horváth Emese , László Zsuzsanna , Pál Margit , Szűcs Péter , Széll Márta
Published: January 2024

A MECP2-duplikációs szindróma (Lubs-féle mentális fejlődési
zavar) X-kromoszómához kötött öröklődésmenetet mutató ritka kórállapot, amely
hemizigóta fiúkban mindig előidéz klinikai tüneteket, míg az eltérést hordozó
nők általában tünetmentesek, bár ritkán a nőkben is kialakulhatnak változatos
súlyosságú tünetek. Az általunk vizsgált 6 éves leány genetikai konzíliumát
mozgás- és beszédfejlődésben észlelt elmaradás miatt kérte a gyermekneurológus
szakorvos. A proband kislány kromoszómavizsgálata normál női karyotypust
mutatott. A P245 microdeletiós szindrómára specifikus 1A-próbamixszel végzett
multiplex ligatiofüggő próbaamplifikációs (MLPA-) vizsgálat az Xq28
kromoszomális régióban a MECP2-4b, MECP2-3, valamint MECP2-1 próbák területén
heterozigóta duplikációt jelzett. Az Xq28 kromoszomális régióra specifikus
fluoreszcens in situ hibridizációs (FISH-) vizsgálat során nem
tapasztaltunk duplikációt. A családtagok közül a beteg egészséges leánytestvére
és édesapja, valamint leány féltestvére nem bizonyult MLPA-vizsgálattal
MECP2-duplikációsnak. A tüneteket mutató édesanyánál a
proband genotípusával megegyező eltérést azonosítottunk. Az édesanya újabb
párkapcsolatából fogant várandósságában elvégzett magzati MLPA-vizsgálat a
fiúmagzatban kimutatta a családban azonosított
MECP2-duplikációt, a kariotipizálás pedig 21-triszómiát
mutatott. A várandós nő a két egymástól független magzati kórállapot miatt kérte
a terhesség megszakítását. Az általunk bemutatott eset tanulsága, hogy nem
tisztázott fejlődési elmaradással jelentkező páciensek esetén a
G-sáv-technikával elvégzett karyotypus-elemzés megfelelő MLPA-vizsgálattal
történő kiegészítése segíthet a genotípus-fenotípus összefüggések felállításában
és genetikai diagnózis esetén a praenatalis diagnosztika megszervezésében. Orv
Hetil. 2024; 165(1): 30–34.