bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Phenotypic Characteristics of Edible Caterpillars and Indigenous Knowledge of Host Plants in the Coastal Forest Ecosystems for Improved Food Security
Authors: Katana John Juma , Mosi Reuben Oyoo , Oyieke Helida
Published: March 2024

Edible caterpillars have nutritional and economic value, thus providing food security at the household level during their harvesting seasons. Despite the significant value of these insects, they are harvested seasonally, and there is little or no documented research about the edible caterpillar species and their phenotypic characteristics, their host plants, and the effects of ecosystem utilization on the insects. This study explored the phenotypic characteristics of edible caterpillars and the indigenous knowledge of their host plants in selected coastal forest ecosystems, aiming to contribute to the improvement of food security. The study adopted a cross-sectional observational study design, involving data collection on caterpillar phenotypic characteristics and interviewing local communities on host plant preferences. One-way ANOVA was used to test for significant differences in phenotypic characteristics (body weight, body length, and body girth) among the four caterpillar species. The Chi-Square test was used to examine the association between caterpillar species and their preferred host plants. The findings show that the region is dominated by four edible species of caterpillars: Bunea alcinoe, Gonimbrasia zambezina, Gynanisa maja, and Menipe spp. These caterpillar species have distinct and discernible differences in their phenotypic characteristics, specifically in terms of body weight, body length, body girth, body color, as well as body texture with a significance level of 0.000. These variations in physical traits suggest that each species has evolved unique adaptations to their respective environments and may have different ecological roles within their habitats. These species also have varying preferences for different host plants, making each species unique. The preferred host plant species supporting the caterpillars were:  Balanites wilsoniana for B. alcinoe, Mangifera indica for G. zambezina, Acacia gourmaensis for G. maja, and Ochna mossambicensis for Menipe spp. The study revealed significant associations between caterpillar species and their preferred host plants, indicating that the local community possesses specific indigenous knowledge regarding the preferred host plants for edible caterpillars in the study area
Parenting Approaches on Children Food Uptake and Nutrition Status in Kiambu County, Kenya
Authors: Karambu Mutuura Caroline Hilda , Kigaru Dorcus Mbithe , Ndung’u Zipporah W.
Published: March 2024

Parental use of reward and punishment is a key to reinforcement or deterrence of food choices among children an aspect that affects nutritional status throughout an individual’s life span. Kenya has a population of 47,564,296 people according to demographic survey of Kenya 2019, of whom 1.4 % are school-going children aged 6-years in Juja Sub-County of Kiambu, (Kenya National Beural of Statistics,2019). Cross-sectional analytical research design was adopted on 384 parent-child pairs, who were disproportionately sampled. Researcher-administered questionnaires were used to collect data. SРSS software version 26.0 was used to analyse the data with significance p<.05. Anthropometry data was analysed using WHO Anthro-Plus Survey Analyzer and compared to BMI-for-age (BAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ) and height-for-age (HAZ) Scores for the target population. Pearson’s correlation (r) was used to establish association. Boys were 48.0% while girls were 52.0% with a mean age of 6.4± 0.1. Almost half the index children (45.1%) were born first. Mean household size was 5.0± 1.66 with maternal mean age at 34± 4.9 years and that of the fathers at 39± 4.8 years. The majority of mothers (73.0%) and fathers (76.1%) had tertiary level of education with more fathers than the mothers in the formal sector of employment, with a higher income. All (100%) children reported being rewarded by receiving incentives like praise words (60.1%), while majority of them (92.0%) reported being punished in multiple ways by the mothers when they refused to feed yet a third of fathers (61.0%) praised and gifted their children to feed. Prevalence of stunting (6.9%), underweight (7.1%), wasting (7.2%), overweight (16.4%) and obesity (11.7%) was observed in the study population. A positive strong significant relationship (p=0.05, x2=5.2) between age of the mothers and punishment was noted, also shouting threats, grounding, inflicting pain & withdrawal of privileges (p=0.05, x2=9.6) was common among the married mothers. More parents with tertiary education (74.6%) and higher incomes (40.5%) gifted and gave special permissions which had a stronger positive relationship to food choices (p=0.06, x2=4.33) and nutritional status (p=0.04, x2=5.9). Food choices had a strong positive relationship to nutritional status (p=0.05) and so did dietary diversity (p=0.6). Majority of the parents reported that the demographic characteristics (83.8%) and Socio-economic characteristics (90.7%) affected their food choices as a household. Almost all mothers (98.8%) and more than half of the fathers (55.4%) felt that rewarding and punishing the study children in relation to food had an effect on their food choices and approaches
Analysis of the Roast Expression Mechanism of Online Public Opinion
Authors: cai xinchen
Published: March 2024

Due to the epidemic, internet discussion shows have been quickly expanding since 2020. People appear to be more interested in utilizing phrases like punchlines and satire when responding to online public opinion as a result of the popularity of roast talk shows. Therefore, from the perspective of priming effect and ripple effect, this paper attempts to analyze whether watching roast talk shows affects people's expression mechanism and the depth of people's thinking about social public opinion by using questionnaires and interviews. Through cross-analysis, it is found that the more roast talk shows people watched, the more they tend to use punchlines when expressing themselves, and people tend to analyze public opinion more superficially. And this paper find that watching too many roast talk shows will make public opinion more irrational, and produce more online violence and make other impacts.
The Choice of Female Fans: A Study of the Industrialized Star-Making Model of Chinese Girl Group from the Perspective of Fan Consumption
Authors: zhu shuhui
Published: March 2024

This paper explores the influence of fan consumption on the industrialized star-making model of Chinese girl groups through comparative analysis method and in-depth interviews, taking the differences in fan audiences of girl group in China and Korea and the differences between the girl groups of the two countries as the starting point. The author argues that the fan audience of Chinese girl group is mainly female, and the consumption power of female group is significantly stronger than that of men. In addition, with the development of culture and entertainment industries, people's attitude toward fan consumption gradually improves, and the willingness of fans to consume is gradually increasing, and the consumption level also gradually improves, thus influencing the industrialized star-making model of Chinese girl group. The higher the consumption of the fan base, the greater the influence on the star-making mode of Chinese girl group, which can even influence the composition of the final girl group, team style, etc.
The Influence of Social Capabilities on Artificial Intelligence Knowledge Media Literacy-take Chat GPT as an Example
Authors: cui mingyue
Published: March 2024

"From the perspective of media literacy, this article explores the reasons behind the phenomenon of “the more socially competent people are, the more and sooner they know about AI knowledge and ChatGPT”. This study adopts the research method of questionnaire survey and indepth interview method, and uses innovation diffusion theory and intermediary factors theory to conduct theoretical studies. This article will discuss the relationship between the audience’s social ability and the degree of mastery of artificial intelligence and skills ."
Leaderboards and Top Public Opinions: A Study of Discourse Conflict in the Internet Public Opinion Field
Authors: shi haoyi
Published: March 2024

In the era of new media, with the continuous development of Internet technology, social media and online public opinion fields have become an existence that cannot be ignored. Frisbee, as a niche sport in North America, has become popular on social platforms. This sport also breaking the circle to become a hot topic in the online public opinion field , and discourse conflicts around the "frisbee phenomenon" has unfolded. Based on the theoretical background of ranking effect, value accumulation theory and agenda setting, this paper innovatively combines the network fieldwork method with the interview method. We find that the topic leaderboard mechanism is the primary promoter of the "breaking circle" behavior of Frisbee, the platform topic hot search mechanism breaks the "echo wall", and the technology availability promotes the development of "re-tribalization". Due to their own differences in experience, all the discussants clash with each other, and irrational expression leads to the fermentation of online public opinion and discourse conflict.. Discussers from all sides have a conflict of views due to their own differences in experience, and irrational expressions lead to the fermentation of online public opinion and discourse conflicts. This paper also actively explores the impact and solutions of discourse conflict, and provides a reference for future related research.
Palvelutarpeiden arvioinnin yhdenmukaisuus perhesosiaalityön ja lastensuojelun rajapinnoilla
Authors: Repo Jenni , Pösö Tarja
Published: March 2024

Consistency and variability in child welfare assessments at the juncture of family services and child welfare
The study examines assessments of children’s and families’ referrals to public social services and whether they differ between child welfare workers across the country. The focus is on how child welfare workers assess the referral as being an issue either for family or child welfare services and whether the assessments differ in any significant way. The data is drawn from 28 group interviews with 120 professionals based on a vignette, the nature of data being that of professional imagination. The findings highlight a shared approach to the vignette as child welfare workers orientate towards finding more information and testing it and meeting each family member in similar ways. They withdraw from any fixed interpretation of the case without any interaction with family members. It is argued that when prioritizing service-users’ equality and consistency of...
Serotonin receptor 2B induces visceral hyperalgesia in rat model and patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Li Zheng-Yang , Mao Yu-Qing , Hua Qian , Sun Yong-Hong , Wang Hai-Yan , Ye Xuan-Guang , Hu Jing-Xian , Wang Ya-Jie , Jiang Miao
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Serotonin receptor 2B (5-HT2B receptor) plays a critical role in many chronic pain conditions. The possible involvement of the 5-HT2B receptor in the altered gut sensation of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) was investigated in the present study.

AIM

To investigate the possible involvement of 5-HT2B receptor in the altered gut sensation in rat model and patients with IBS-D.

METHODS

Rectosigmoid biopsies were collected from 18 patients with IBS-D and 10 patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation who fulfilled the Rome IV criteria and 15 healthy controls. The expression level of the 5-HT2B receptor in colon tissue was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and correlated with abdominal pain scores. The IBS-D rat model was induced by intracolonic instillation of acetic acid and wrap restraint. Alterations in visceral sensitivity and 5-HT2B receptor and transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) expression were examined following 5-HT2B receptor antagonist administration. Changes in visceral sensitivity after administration of the TRPV1 antagonist were recorded.

RESULTS

Here, we observed greater expression of the 5-HT2B receptor in the colonic mucosa of patients with IBS-D than in that of controls, which was correlated with abdominal pain scores. Intracolonic instillation of acetic acid and wrap restraint induced obvious chronic visceral hypersensitivity and increased fecal weight and fecal water content. Exogenous 5-HT2B receptor agonist administration increased visceral hypersensitivity, which was alleviated by successive administration of a TRPV1 antagonist. IBS-D rats receiving the 5-HT2B receptor antagonist exhibited inhibited visceral hyperalgesia.

Moreover, the percentage of 5-HT2B receptor-immunoreactive (IR) cells surrounded by TRPV1-positive cells (5-HT2B receptor I+) and total 5-HT2B receptor IR cells (5-HT2B receptor IT) in IBS-D rats was significantly reduced by the administration of a 5-HT2B receptor antagonist.

CONCLUSION

Our finding that increased expression of the 5-HT2B receptor contributes to visceral hyperalgesia by inducing TRPV1 expression in IBS-D patients provides important insights into the potential mechanisms underlying IBS-D-associated visceral hyperalgesia.
The Struggle of Soviet Prisoners of War Against the Nazi Occupiers of Sevastopol in 1943–1944
Authors:   Crimean University of Culture, Arts and Tourism, Ivanov Vyacheslav A.
Published: March 2024

The paper deals with one of the little-studied issues in the history of the resistance movement during the Great Patriotic War, namely, the participation of Soviet prisoners of war in the anti-fascist struggle in the ranks of the Communist underground organization in occupied Sevastopol in 1943–1944. The purpose of this article was to study the formation and structure of the aforementioned organization, as well as the involvement in the antifascist struggle of Soviet prisoners of war, and to identify the effect of their activities on the general course of the anti-Hitler struggle in occupied Crimea. The objects of the research are the underground group headed by Nikolai Ignatyevich Tereshchenko (pseudonym Mikhailov), which was part of the Communist underground organization, and the places where it carried out its anti-fascist operations: camps for Soviet prisoners of war around Sevastopol and in the city itself, especially after Tereshchenko’s escape from German captivity. The study was performed within the framework of the large-scale All-Russian educational project “Without Statute of Limitations” aimed at preserving historical memory. Along with providing insights into the tragedy of the civilian population of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War, the paper highlights the heroic deeds of the anti-fascist resistance movement in the temporarily occupied territory of the Soviet Union and demonstrates the contribution of individuals and groups to the defeat of Nazi Germany and its satellites. The author used documents that were declassified in the course of this project by the Federal Security Service Office for the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol and transferred to the Sevastopol Archives. The analysis revealed a significant feature of the Sevastopol underground: prisoners of war were one of the most important components of the Communist underground organization, performing risky and dangerous tasks deep behind enemy lines. According to the plan, in the event of a Black Sea Fleet landing, it was the prisoners of war who were supposed to be the striking force and spark an armed uprising in the occupied city. Consequently, it is concluded that Soviet prisoners of war were one of the combat weapons teams of the Sevastopol underground movement, which carried out various operations: reconnaissance, agitation and propaganda, as well as sabotage and subversion deep behind enemy lines.
Semantic Peculiarities of Quasi-Anthroponyms in the Texts of English-Language Fantasy Video Games
Authors:   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Zakharova Dina V. , Bondareva Lyudmila M.
Published: March 2024

The article presents an analysis of the semantic parameters of quasi-anthroponyms utilized in English-language accompanying texts for fantasy computer games. As a first step, we developed an approach to clarify the term quasi-anthroponym, which had been subject to various interpretations in scholarly publications. Quasi-anthroponyms are defined here as names of animated fictional objects that function as characters within the virtual worlds of video games. Taking into account the correlation between real and fictional elements, fantasy characters are categorized based on the degree of their fictionality. Quasi-anthroponyms naming characters of highly fictional game universes are classified into three major groups according to their semantic potential. The primary semantic parameters underlying this classification include indications of the character’s appearance, specific characteristics and combinations of certain features, such as the character’s functions in the game universe. The significance of this research lies in expanding the field of anthroponymic studies by incorporating relevant language material from virtual game discourse. Moreover, the practical implications are demonstrated through the potential use of these findings in lectures and seminars on contemporary English lexicology and stylistics, as well as in the analysis of texts of fantasy video games in language teaching. This aligns with the growing trend towards gamification of modern educational practices. Ultimately, this study establishes substantive criteria underlying the creation of English-language names for fictitious characters in the realm of fantasy video games. In addition, inventorization, systematization and classification of these linguistic units were conducted.
Features Of Criminal Procedural Proving During Judicial Debates In Proceedings In The Court Of First Instance
Authors: KRUSHYNSKYI Serhii , DANKOVA Svitlana
Published: March 2024

...
ARCHIVE FUND OF THE PEOPLE'S COMMISSARIAT OF FINANCES OF THE UZBEKISTAN SSR AS A SOURCE OF THE FINANCIAL, AND BUDGETARY HISTORY OF THE REPUBLIC
Authors:   PhD, associate professor, Department of ", Choriev Sherzod ,   Source Studies and Archival Studies”, Faculty of History, National University of Uzbekistan
Published: March 2024

This article is devoted to revealing the historical significance of documents from the archival fund of the People's Commissariat of Finance of the Uzbek SSR, stored in the National Archives of Uzbekistan. The study provides the types of documents stored in the fund and their description. Historical data on expenditures and revenues of the republic’s budget in 1924-1941 are also analyzed. In addition, information about the system of formation of the state budget and local budgets was also studied in annual reports stored in the People's Commissariat of Finance.
THE PEACE, SECURITY, AND DEVELOPMENT NEXUS APPROACH TO ADDRESS VIOLENT CONFLICTS IN AFRICA
Authors: KUMSSA Dr. ASFAW
Published: March 2024

Peace, security, and development are the three most important pillars of a healthy social system. Although these concepts are independent of each other, they are mutually interlinked and complementary pillars of sustainable development and peace. Linking development, peacebuilding, and security promotion and integrating them into national strategies and planning processes in post-conflict African countries has the potential to create synergies and more effective policies that prevent relapses into conflict as well as address social and regional inequalities and vulnerabilities. This paper discusses some aspects of the development process in post-conflict countries in Africa based on the case studies of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Somalia, and South Sudan.
Hubungan Usia Dan Tingkat Pendidikan Ibu Hamil Terhadap Kepatuhan Kunjungan Antenatal Care Di Puskesmas Muara Pinang Kabupaten Empat Lawang Tahun 2023
Authors: Sari Kharisma Delta , Murwati Murwati , Umami Desi Aulia
Published: March 2024

Antenatal care is a service provided by health workers to women during pregnancy, for example by monitoring physical, psychological health, including fetal growth and development and preparing for labor and birth so that the mother is ready to face a new role as a parent (Wagio & Putrono, 2016). The purpose of the study was to find out the relationship between age and education level of pregnant women on compliance with antenatal care visits at the Muara Pinang Health Center, Empat Lawang Regency in 2023. This type of research is analytic research using this type of research is analytic research using a cross-sectional design (Hidayat, 2012). The population of this study were all pregnant women from trisemester 1-3 in the working area of the muara pinang health center, four lawang district in 2022, totaling 75 people. the number of samples in this study were 43 respondents. The results of this study indicate that almost half of the respondents 20 (46.5%) were 20-35 years old, almost half of the respondents 18 (41.9%) had secondary education, more than half of the respondents 25 (58.1%) were compliant with ANC visits, There is a relationship between the age of pregnant women and compliance wi There is a relationship between the education of pregnant women and the compliance of antenatal care visits at the Muara Pinang Health Center, Empat Lawang Regency in 2023 Suggested results of this study To the health center To the health center to prioritize patient services, especially making efforts to improve health services related to the competence of nurses martenitas with accuracy in providing health care to pregnant women.th antenatal care visits at the Muara Pinang Health Center, Empat Lawang Regency in 2023,
Cognitive impairment in chronic heart failure. How new therapeutic options for the treatment of chronic heart failure affect cognitive function?
Authors: Aksenova Y. O. , Osmolovskaya Y. F. , Petrukhina A. A. , Zhirov I. V. , Beniashvili A. G. , Tereshchenko S. N. , Morozova M. A.
Published: March 2024

Heart failure is a serious chronic illness and a global healthcare problem. Patients with heart failure have increased hospital readmission rates and mortality around the world. Heart failure often coexists with comorbidities of which cognitive impairment is particularly important. Сognitive impairment is present in around 30% to 80% in heart failure decreases quality of life and increases the frequency of repeated hospitalizations, increases mortality and worsens the prognosis in such patients. Despite existing research, the underlying pathophysiology of the relationship between heart failure and cognitive impairment remains poorly understood. The article discusses the best available evidence concerning different pathophysiological mechanisms behind cognitive impairment in individuals with heart failure. Heart failure and cognitive impairment have a number of common pathophysiological pathways including reduced cerebral blood flow, inflammation, neurohumoral activations, oxidative stress and changes in serum biomarkers or proteins. Understanding the pathophysiology of diseases will allow the effective evaluation of health status and development of suitable treatments. Prompt detection of cognitive impairment will bring about better clinical outcomes in heart failure patients. This review raises questions about the relationship between heart failure and cognitive dysfunction, provides evidence on the impact of new therapeutic options for treating heart failure on cognitive function, and suggests potential future research directions. For example, implantation of an artificial left ventricle may improve cognitive function; however, there are studies on immediate improvement in cognitive function followed by gradual deterioration over time after implantation of an artificial left ventricle, which requires long-term study In addition, evidence is provided for the effectiveness of using a relaxation scenario in virtual reality technology to reduce anxiety and affective complaints in somatic hospitalized patients, but the ability to improve cognitive function in patients with chronic heart failure remains to be explored.
Premature ventricular complexes: new possibilities of diagnostics and management
Authors: Kuzhel D. A. , Savchenko E. A.
Published: March 2024

Premature ventricular complexes (PVC) is one of the most common arrhythmias in daily clinical practice. In the vast majority of cases, PVC has a good prognosis, but in some cases it can cause serious, including lifethreatening complications. On the other hand, asymptomatic, frequent PVC can lead to the development of left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction, which can be reversible with effective therapy. Medications remain the mainstay of therapy for PVC. However, the effectiveness of some drugs is quite low, while other drugs have significant side and proarrhythmic effects. Technological advances in the field of radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation in recent years have opened up tremendous prospects in the radical correction of PVC and put forward this approach in selective cases as the method of choice. However, this invasive technology may at the same time carry the risks of serious complications, which can occur in up to 5% of individuals undergoing this procedure. The potential risks of RF catheter ablation largely depend on the accessibility of the ectopic focus. In this regard, differential diagnosis of the source of ectopia is of great importance for a balanced assessment of the possible risks and effectiveness of this invasive method. Standard diagnostic methods, such as 12-lead electrocardiography, Holter monitoring and echocardiography, allow in many cases to make the best decision regarding further management tactics. Frequent, asymptomatic PVC needs in annual monitoring to prevent LV systolic dysfunction development in cases high potential RF catheter ablation risks and drugs ineffectiveness. Traditional echocardiography and novel ultrasound technologies can help in this difficult of choice cases.
Case report: the effect of endovascular closure of an open oval window on the course of atrial fibrillation and the processes of reverse remodeling of the heart chambers
Authors: Tereshchenko A. S. , Zhelyakov E. G. , Merkulov E. V. , Puzenko D. V. , Strunin O. V. , Ardashev A. V.
Published: March 2024

The volume of the left atrium is one of the key factors associated with both the development of primary atrial fibrillation and its progression. Open atrial communication is considered as a factor predisposing to dilation and remodeling of the heart cavities. We present a clinical case of endovascular closure of an open oval window in a patient with a persistent form of AF, a moderately reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, who had previously undergone radiofrequency ablation, and persistent manifestations of heart failure. A 58-year-old patient was hospitalized in November 2019 with clinical manifestations of increasing heart failure. History: persistent form of atrial fibrillation with pronounced ventricular tachysystole. In April 2019, the patient underwent radiofrequency ablation, during which signs of open oval window were revealed. The initial left ventricular ejection fraction is 41%, the anterior–posterior left atrium size is 47 mm, the NT-proBNP level is 912 pg/m. In the subsequent period, steady sine waves were recorded.
The place of tadalafil in the treatment of PAH in the light of new clinical guidelines of the Eurasian Association of Cardiologists
Authors: Martynyuk T. V.
Published: March 2024

Pulmonaryarterialhypertension(PAH)isalife-threateningcardiovascular disease that is characterized by a marked increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary artery pressure due to obstructive remodeling of the pulmonary vascular bed with the development of right ventricular heart failure as a cause of premature mortality. Impaired synthesis and reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide is one of the key pathophysiological mechanisms of the development and progression of the disease. The review paper presents key data from the evidence base on the clinical use of tadalafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5), which in August 2023 approved by the Pharmaceutical Committee of the Russian Ministry of Health for the indication – treatment of patients with PAH. Tadacardil from Canonpharma Production is the first and only drug in Russian practice today with the active substance tadalafil with the registered indication “PAH”, approved in the Eurasian Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension 2023 and available on the territory of the Russian Federation and the EAEU. Tadacardil is indicated for use in adult patients with PAH functional class II and III according to the WHO classification to increase exercise tolerance. The efficacy of tadalafil has been shown in idiopathic PAH and PAH associated with connective tissue diseases. The recommended dose is 40 mg (2 tablets of 20 mg) once a day. The paper describes the mechanism of action and pharmacological effects of PDE5 inhibitors, features of the pharmacokinetics of tadalafil in comparison with other drugs of the class. The advantages of Tadacardil from Canonpharma Production are the proven effecacy of use in patients with PAH, ease of use due to a single dose of 2 tablets of 20 mg once a day in a standard dose; good tolerability and favorable safety profile; proven bioequivalence to the reference drug. In light of the new Eurasian recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of PH, tadalafil has a wide field for clinical use, which will improve the treatment options for patients with PAH both in mono- and combination therapy.
UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE REGIONAL CONTEXT IN LATVIA
Authors: Hohlova Vera
Published: March 2024

This paper sets out a methodological framework for identifying and mitigating unemployment problems in different regions. The study is based on the 2020 and 2023 Latvian Unemployment Surveys. The study includes a comprehensive review of the relevant scientific literature, policy and regulatory frameworks, the development of a multilevel research methodology and tools, an analysis of the research results, in-depth discussions of the identified problems in the context of existing scientific knowledge, and a set of key conclusions and proposed measures to address these problems. By structuring the paper in this way, it offers a holistic and systematic approach to understanding and addressing regional unemployment problems. The study contributes to the ongoing dialogue on regional economic disparities and highlights opportunities for more inclusive, sustainable and equitable labour markets.
The Active Asteroids Citizen Science Program: Overview and First Results
Authors: Chandler Colin Orion , Trujillo Chadwick A. , Oldroyd William J. , Kueny Jay K. , Burris William A. , Hsieh Henry H. , DeSpain Jarod A. , Sedaghat Nima , Sheppard Scott S. , Farrell Kennedy A. , Trilling David E. , Gustafsson Annika , Magbanua Mark Jesus Mendoza , Mazzucato Michele T. , Bosch Milton K. D. , Shaw-Diaz Tiffany , Gonano Virgilio , Lamperti Al , da Silva Campos José A. , Goodwin Brian L. , Terentev Ivan A. , Dukes Charles J. A. , Deen Sam
Published: March 2024

We present the Citizen Science program Active Asteroids and describe discoveries stemming from our ongoing project. Our NASA Partner program is hosted on the Zooniverse online platform and launched on 2021 August 31, with the goal of engaging the community in the search for active asteroids—asteroids with comet-like tails or comae. We also set out to identify other unusual active solar system objects, such as active Centaurs, active quasi-Hilda asteroids (QHAs), and Jupiter-family comets (JFCs). Active objects are rare in large part because they are difficult to identify, so we ask volunteers to assist us in searching for active bodies in our collection of millions of images of known minor planets. We produced these cutout images with our project pipeline that makes use of publicly available Dark Energy Camera data. Since the project launch, roughly 8300 volunteers have scrutinized some 430,000 images to great effect, which we describe in this work. In total, we have identified previously unknown activity on 15 asteroids, plus one Centaur, that were thought to be asteroidal (i.e., inactive). Of the asteroids, we classify four as active QHAs, seven as JFCs, and four as active asteroids, consisting of one main-belt comet (MBC) and three MBC candidates. We also include our findings concerning known active objects that our program facilitated, an unanticipated avenue of scientific discovery. These include discovering activity occurring during an orbital epoch for which objects were not known to be active, and the reclassification of objects based on our dynamical analyses.
Revised Architecture and Two New Super-Earths in the HD 134606 Planetary System
Authors: Li Zhexing , Kane Stephen R. , Brandt Timothy D. , Fetherolf Tara , Robertson Paul , Zhao Jinglin , Dalba Paul A. , Wittenmyer Robert A. , Butler R. Paul , Díaz Matías R. , Howell Steve B. , Bailey Jeremy , Carter Brad , Furlan Elise , Gnilka Crystal L. , Horner Jonathan , Jones Hugh R. A. , O’Toole Simon , Tinney Chris
Published: March 2024

Multiplanet systems exhibit a diversity of architectures that diverge from the solar system and contribute to the topic of exoplanet demographics. Radial velocity (RV) surveys form a crucial component of exoplanet surveys, as their long observational baselines allow for searches for more distant planetary orbits. This work provides a significantly revised architecture for the multiplanet system HD 134606 using both HARPS and UCLES RVs. We confirm the presence of previously reported planets b, c, and d with periods of

12.0897

−
0.0018

+
0.0019

,

58.947

−
0.054

+
0.056

, and

958.7

−
5.9

+
6.3

days and masses of

9.14

−
0.63

+
0.65

, 11.0 ± 1, and 44.5 ± 2.9 Earth masses, respectively, with the planet d orbit significantly revised to over double that originally reported. We report two newly detected super-Earths, e and f, with periods of

4.31943

−
0.00068

+
0.00075

and

26.9

−
0.017

+
0.019

days and masses of

2.31

−
0.35

+
0.36

and

5.52

−
0.73

+
0.74

Earth masses, respectively. In addition, we identify a linear trend in the RV time series, and the cause of this acceleration is deemed to be a newly detected massive companion with a very long orbital period. HD 134606 now displays four low-mass planets in a compact region near the star, one gas giant further out in the habitable zone, an additional companion in the outer regime, and a low-mass M dwarf stellar companion at large separation, making it an intriguing target for system formation/evolution studies. The location of planet d in the habitable zone proves to be an exciting candidate for future space-based direct imaging missions, whereas continued RV observations of this system are recommended for understanding the nature of the massive, long-period companion.
The TESS-Keck Survey. XII. A Dense 1.8 R
⊕ Ultra-short-period Planet Possibly Clinging to a
High-mean-molecular-weight Atmosphere after the First Gigayear
Authors: Rubenzahl Ryan A. , Dai Fei , Howard Andrew W. , Lissauer Jack J. , Van Zandt Judah , Beard Corey , Giacalone Steven , Murphy Joseph M. Akana , Chontos Ashley , Lubin Jack , Brinkman Casey L. , Tyler Dakotah , MacDougall Mason G. , Rice Malena , Dalba Paul A. , Mayo Andrew W. , Weiss Lauren M. , Polanski Alex S. , Blunt Sarah , Yee Samuel W. , Hill Michelle L. , Angelo Isabel , Turtelboom Emma V. , Holcomb Rae , Behmard Aida , Pidhorodetska Daria , Batalha Natalie M. , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Dressing Courtney , Fulton Benjamin , Huber Daniel , Isaacson Howard , Kane Stephen R. , Petigura Erik A. , Robertson Paul , Scarsdale Nicholas , Mocnik Teo , Fetherolf Tara , Malavolta Luca , Mortier Annelies , Fiorenzano Aldo , Pedani Marco
Published: March 2024

The extreme environments of ultra-short-period planets (USPs) make excellent
laboratories to study how exoplanets obtain, lose, retain, and/or regain gaseous
atmospheres. We present the confirmation and characterization of the USP
TOI-1347 b, a 1.8 ± 0.1 R
⊕ planet on a 0.85 day orbit that was detected with photometry from
the TESS mission. We measured radial velocities of the TOI-1347 system using
Keck/HIRES and HARPS-N and found the USP to be unusually massive at 11.1 ± 1.2
M
⊕. The measured mass and radius of TOI-1347 b imply an Earth-like
bulk composition. A thin H/He envelope (>0.01% by mass) can be ruled out at
high confidence. The system is between 1 and 1.8 Gyr old; therefore, intensive
photoevaporation should have concluded. We detected a tentative phase-curve
variation (3σ) and a secondary eclipse (2σ) in TESS photometry, which, if confirmed, could
indicate the presence of a high-mean-molecular-weight atmosphere. We recommend
additional optical and infrared observations to confirm the presence of an
atmosphere and investigate its composition.
The Long-term Activity of the Postnovae Q Cygni and BK Lyncis
Authors: Šimon Vojtěch
Published: March 2024

We show the postnova activity of Q Cyg (Nova Cyg 1876) and BK Lyn (probable Nova Lyn 101). We use both CCD and photographic photometric observations. We show that both systems lie close to the upper limit of the luminosity in which dwarf nova (DN) outbursts occur. Q Cyg shows a novalike high-state activity. Random fluctuations (typically 0.6 mag) from a well-defined curve of the moving averages of brightness often occur on the timescale of weeks. The random fluctuations were suppressed during one fainter interval lasting several months but increased during another. In the author’s interpretation, clumps in the disk wind are likely to play a role in these fluctuations, especially when the luminosity of Q Cyg is near the upper limit of the range in which DN outbursts occur. BK Lyn was observed to spend about 100 yr in a very long state of a high luminosity on the upper limit of the region of DN outbursts before undergoing a time segment in which DN outbursts were present. We find that the individual DN outbursts in BK Lyn all show similar decay rates and fade more gradually than those of DNe that do not also show classical nova eruptions. We attribute it, along with the low amplitude of DN outbursts and the high quiescent luminosity, to the role of extra light. These outburst peaks, higher than the surrounding segments of the flat light curve, speak in favor of the ER UMa-type with superoutburst cycles and standstills rather than the high state in a novalike variable.
Many Roads Lead to Lithium: Formation Pathways For Lithium-rich Red Giants
Authors: Sayeed Maryum , Ness Melissa K. , Montet Benjamin T. , Cantiello Matteo , Casey Andrew R. , Buder Sven , Bedell Megan , Breivik Katelyn , Metzger Brian D. , Martell Sarah L. , McGee-Gold Leah
Published: March 2024

Stellar models predict that lithium (Li) inside a star is destroyed during the first dredge-up phase, yet 1.2% of red giant stars are Li-rich. We aim to uncover possible origins of this population, by analyzing 1099 Li-rich giants (A(Li) ≥ 1.5) in GALAH DR3. To expose peculiar traits of Li-rich stars, we construct a reference sample of Li-normal (doppelgänger) stars with matched evolutionary state and fiducial iron-peak and alpha-process abundances ([Fe/H] and [Mg/Fe]). Comparing Li-rich and doppelgänger spectra reveals systematic differences in the Hα and Ca-triplet line profiles associated with the velocity broadening measurement. We also find twice as many Li-rich stars appear to be fast rotators (2% with v
broad ≳ 20 km s−1) compared to doppelgängers. On average, Li-rich stars have higher abundances than their doppelgängers, for a subset of elements, and Li-rich stars at the base of RGB have higher mean s-process abundances (≥0.05 dex for Ba, Y, Zr), relative to their doppelgängers. External mass-transfer from intermediate-mass AGB companions could explain this signature. Additional companion analysis excludes binaries with mass ratios ≳0.5 at ≳7 au. Finally, we confirm a prevalence of Li-rich stars on the red clump that increases with lithium, which supports an evolutionary state mechanism for Li-enhancement. Multiple culprits, including binary spin-up and mass-transfer, are therefore likely mechanisms of Li-enrichment.
Constrain the Dark-matter Distribution of Ultra-diffuse Galaxies with Globular-cluster Mass Segregation: A Case Study with NGC5846-UDG1
Authors: Liang Jinning , Jiang Fangzhou , Danieli Shany , Benson Andrew , Hopkins Phil
Published: March 2024

The properties of globular clusters (GCs) contain valuable information of their host galaxies and dark-matter halos. In the remarkable example of ultra-diffuse galaxy, NGC5846-UDG1, the GC population exhibits strong radial mass segregation, indicative of dynamical-friction-driven orbital decay, which opens the possibility of using imaging data alone to constrain the dark-matter content of the galaxy. To explore this possibility, we develop a semianalytical model of GC evolution, which starts from the initial mass, structural, and spatial distributions of the GC progenitors, and follows the effects of dynamical friction, tidal evolution, and two-body relaxation. Using Markov Chain Monte Carlo, we forward-model the GCs in a UDG1-like potential to match the observed GC statistics, and to constrain the profile of the host halo and the origin of the GCs. We find that, with the assumptions of zero mass segregation when the star clusters were born, UDG1 is relatively dark-matter-poor compared to what is expected from stellar-to-halo–mass relations, and its halo concentration is lower than the cosmological average, irrespective of having a cuspy or a cored profile. Its GC population has an initial spatial distribution more extended than the smooth stellar distribution. We discuss the results in the context of scaling laws of galaxy–halo connections, and warn against naively using the GC-abundance–halo–mass relation to infer the halo mass of ultra-diffuse galaxies. Our model is generally applicable to GC-rich dwarf galaxies, and is publicly available.
A Parametric Study of the SASI Comparing General Relativistic and Nonrelativistic Treatments*
Authors: Dunham Samuel J. , Endeve Eirik , Mezzacappa Anthony , Blondin John M. , Buffaloe Jesse , Holley-Bockelmann Kelly
Published: March 2024

We present numerical results from a parameter study of the standing accretion shock instability (SASI), investigating the impact of general relativity (GR) on the dynamics. Using GR hydrodynamics with GR gravity, and nonrelativistic (NR) hydrodynamics with Newtonian gravity, in an idealized model setting, we vary the initial radius of the shock, and by varying its mass and radius in concert, the proto-neutron star compactness. We investigate four compactnesses expected in a post-bounce core-collapse supernova (CCSN). We find that GR leads to a longer SASI oscillation period, with ratios between the GR and NR cases as large as 1.29 for the highest-compactness suite. We also find that GR leads to a slower SASI growth rate, with ratios between the GR and NR cases as low as 0.47 for the highest-compactness suite. We discuss implications of our results for CCSN simulations.
Using Bright Point Shapes to Constrain Wave Heating of the Solar Corona: Predictions for DKIST
Authors: Van Kooten Samuel J. , Cranmer Steven R.
Published: March 2024

Magnetic bright points on the solar photosphere mark the footpoints of kilogauss magnetic flux tubes extending toward the corona. Convective buffeting of these tubes is believed to excite magnetohydrodynamic waves, which can propagate to the corona and deposit heat there. Measuring wave excitation via bright point motion can thus constrain coronal and heliospheric models, and this has been done extensively with centroid tracking, which can estimate kink-mode wave excitation. DKIST is the first telescope to provide well-resolved observations of bright points, allowing shape and size measurements to probe the excitation of other wave modes that have been difficult, if not impossible, to study to date. In this work, we demonstrate a method of automatic bright point tracking that robustly identifies the shapes of bright points, and we develop a technique for interpreting measured bright point shape changes as the driving of a range of thin-tube wave modes. We demonstrate these techniques on a MURaM simulation of DKIST-like resolution. These initial results suggest that modes other than the long-studied kink mode could increase the total available energy budget for wave heating by 50%. Pending observational verification as well as modeling of the propagation and dissipation of these additional wave modes, this could represent a significant increase in the potency of wave-turbulence heating models.
An Outbursting Protostar: The Environment of L1251 VLA 6
Authors: Nederlander Ava , Plunkett Adele , Hales Antonio , Kóspál Ágnes , White Jacob A. , Johnstone Makoto A. , Kun Mária , Ábrahám Péter , Hughes Anna G.
Published: March 2024

Young protostars that undergo episodic accretion can provide insight into the impact on their circumstellar environments while matter is accreted from the disk onto the protostar. IRAS 22343+7501 is a four-component protostar system with one of those being a fading outbursting protostar, which was obseved with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) and is referred to as L1251 VLA 6. Given the rarity of young stellar objects undergoing this type of accretion, L1251 VLA 6 can elucidate the fading phase of the post-outburst process. Here, we examine structure in the disk around L1251 VLA 6 at frequencies of 10 and 33 GHz with the VLA. We model the disk structure using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). This method is then combined with a parametric ray-tracing code to generate synthetic model images of an axisymmetric disk, allowing us to characterize the radial distribution of dust in the system. The results of our MCMC fit show that the most probable values for the mass and radius are consistent with values typical of Class I objects. We find that the total mass of the disk is

0.070

−
0.2

+
0.031

M

☉

and investigate the conditions that could cause the accretion outburst. We conclude that the eruption is not caused by gravitational instability and consider alternative explanations and trigger mechanisms.
SAGUARO: Time-domain Infrastructure for the Fourth Gravitational-wave Observing Run and Beyond
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Griffin , Paterson Kerry , Rastinejad Jillian C. , Shrestha Manisha , Daly Philip N. , Lundquist Michael J. , Sand David J. , Fong Wen-fai , Bostroem K. Azalee , Hall Saarah , Wyatt Samuel D. , Gibbs Alex R. , Christensen Eric , Lindstrom William , Nation Jonathan , Chatelain Joseph , McCully Curtis
Published: March 2024

We present upgraded infrastructure for Searches After Gravitational waves Using ARizona Observatories (SAGUARO) during LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA’s fourth gravitational-wave (GW) observing run (O4). These upgrades implement many of the lessons we learned after a comprehensive analysis of potential electromagnetic counterparts to the GWs discovered during the previous observing run. We have developed a new web-based target and observation manager (TOM) that allows us to coordinate sky surveys, vet potential counterparts, and trigger follow-up observations from one centralized portal. The TOM includes software that aggregates all publicly available information on the light curves and possible host galaxies of targets, allowing us to rule out potential contaminants like active galactic nuclei, variable stars, solar system objects, and preexisting supernovae, as well as to assess the viability of any plausible counterparts. We have also upgraded our image-subtraction pipeline by assembling deeper reference images and training a new neural-network-based real–bogus classifier. These infrastructure upgrades will aid coordination by enabling the prompt reporting of observations, discoveries, and analysis to the GW follow-up community, and put SAGUARO in an advantageous position to discover kilonovae in the remainder of O4 and beyond. Many elements of our open-source software stack have broad utility beyond multimessenger astronomy, and will be particularly relevant in the “big data” era of transient discoveries by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory.