bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rice phenolic compounds and their response to variability in growing conditions
Authors: Rao Shiwangni , Santhakumar Abishek B. , Chinkwo Kenneth , Snell Peter , Oli Prakash , Blanchard Christopher L.
Published: August 2020

Background and objectives

Phenolic compounds present in rice have substantial antioxidant activity, which has contributed to its potential as a functional food. However, a gap in knowledge exists on how phenolic compounds in rice respond to variation in growing conditions, and the subsequent impact on their antioxidant activity. The current study investigated wholegrain pigmented rice varieties Yunlu29 and Purple, and a nonpigmented variety, Reiziq cultivated in Queensland (QLD) and New South Wales (NSW), Australia. The Queensland location in Mackay had a tropical climate and loamy soil, while the NSW location in Yanco had a temperate climate with clay soil.

Findings

Pigmented rice, Yunlu29 and Purple cultivated in Mackay (QLD), exhibited significantly higher total phenolic contents and increased levels of anthocyanin, proanthocyanidin, and antioxidant activity in comparison with Yanco (NSW)‐grown samples. Phenolic compounds including procyanidins and anthocyanidins, cyanidin 3‐glucoside and peonidin 3‐glucoside, were significantly impacted by growing location when compared to other phenolic compounds. For some compounds like vanillic acid, luteolin 4'‐methyl ether 7‐(4G‐rhamnosylneohesperidoside), and proanthocyanidin derivative, the impact of the cultivation environment varied among the three rice varieties, highlighting the influence of both genetics and environment.

Conclusions

Cultivation location was found to have a significant impact on phenolic composition and antioxidant activity. It was also observed that phenolic compounds affected by growing location conditions also significantly contributed to antioxidant activity.

Significance and novelty

These findings contribute to an understanding of how phenolic compounds respond to the variation in the cultivation environment in Australia, which is essential for breeding high‐value rice varieties with specific phenolic compositions.
Sublingual dermoid cyst in an infant: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Vélez‐Cruz Madeleine Edith , Gómez‐Clavel José Francisco , Licéaga‐Escalera Carlos Juan , Montoya Pérez Luis Alberto , Trujillo Fandiño Juan José , Trejo Iriarte Cynthia Georgina , Ramírez‐Cano Maria Fernanda , García‐Muñoz Alejandro
Published: August 2020

Dermoid cysts usually occur later in the second decade of life; we present the approach of an unusual case of an infant who presented a cyst within the oral cavity, which is important because it can be confused with other pathologies.
Retrieval of fragmented peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) with a double transfemoral access technique
Authors: Papa Alfonso , Tammaro Dario , Monda Vittorio
Published: August 2020

Retrieval of central venous catheters fragments often puts us in front of different situations. Having more techniques available for strategic planning of the procedure is important. The authors propose the simultaneous use of two different approaches for the recovery of a CVC fragment from the pulmonary artery.
Electrochemical Copolymerization of Isoindigo‐Based Donor‐Acceptor Polymers with Intrinsically Enhanced Conductivity and Near‐Infrared‐II Activity
Authors: Sparks Nicholas E. , Ranathunge Tharindu A. , Attanayake Nuwan H. , Brodgon Phillip , Delcamp Jared H. , Rajapakse R. M. Gamini , Watkins Davita L.
Published: August 2020

Donor‐acceptor (D−A) polymers have excellent electronic and optical properties that allow for their use in multiple areas of research, ranging from field‐effect transistors to biosensing. However, traditional chemical polymerization strategies to form D−A polymers often require extensive purification and generate large amounts of waste. Electro‐copolymerization of complex isoindigo‐based copolymers is explored as a way to overcome traditional synthetic challenges. Herein, the electropolymerization and characterization of four isoindigo‐based D−A copolymers are studied with: II‐EDOT‐T3, II‐Thio‐T3, II‐Thio‐T3‐TTDT2, and II‐EDOT‐T3‐TTDT2. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis are used to confirm the composition of the polymers. Electrochemical impedance measurements show electron‐transport resistance (Re) values as low as 74.7 Ω at selected potentials, indicating that highly conductive copolymers are present. These p‐doped polymers exhibit absorption bands within the near‐infrared region (NIR) with optical band gaps as low as 0.790 eV. Results confirm the electro‐synthesized D−A copolymers exhibit excellent optical properties in the solid state and enhanced conductivity relative to conventional polymers; thus, affording materials with uses in a broad spectrum of applications.
Bimodal Therapeutic Agents Against Glioblastoma, One of the Most Lethal Forms of Cancer
Authors: Couto Marcos , Alamón Catalina , Nievas Susana , Perona Marina , Dagrosa María Alejandra , Teixidor Francesc , Cabral Pablo , Viñas Clara , Cerecetto Hugo
Published: August 2020

About 95 % of people diagnosed with glioblastoma die within five years. Glioblastoma is the most aggressive central nervous system tumour. It is necessary to make progress in the glioblastoma treatment so that advanced chemotherapy drugs or radiation therapy or, ideally, two‐in‐one hybrid systems should be implemented. Tyrosine kinase receptors–inhibitors and boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), together, could provide a therapeutic strategy. In this work, sunitinib decorated‐carborane hybrids were prepared and biologically evaluated identifying excellent antitumoral‐ and BNCT‐agents. One of the selected hybrids was studied against glioma‐cells and found to be 4 times more cytotoxic than sunitinib and 1.7 times more effective than 10B‐boronophenylalanine fructose complex when the cells were irradiated with neutrons.
Attempts to Synthesize a Thiirane, Selenirane, and Thiirene by Dealkylation of Chalcogeniranium and Thiirenium Salts
Authors: Poleschner Helmut , Seppelt Konrad
Published: August 2020

Thiiranium salts [Ad2SR]+X− (5, 8, 9, 11, 12; X−=Tf2N− (Tf=CF3SO2), SbCl6−) and seleniranium salts [Ad2SeR]+X− (14, 16, 17, 23–25; X−=Tf2N−, BF4−, CHB11Cl11−, SbCl6−) are synthesized from strained alkene bis(adamantylidene) (1). The disulfides and the diselenides (Me3SiCH2CH2E)2 (4, 13), (tBuMe2SiCH2CH2E)2 (7, 22), and (NCCH2CH2E)2 (10, 15; E=S, Se) have been used. The thiirenium salts [tBu2C2SR]+X− (34) and [Ad2C2SR]+X− (35, 36) are prepared from the bis‐tert‐butylacetylene (2) and bis‐adamantyl‐acetylene (3) with R=Me3SiCH2CH2 and tBuMe2SiCH2CH2. Attempts to cleave off the groups Me3SiCH2CH2, tBuMe2SiCH2CH2, and NCCH2CH2 resulted in thiiranes 27, 30. No selenirane Ad2Se (33) is formed from seleniranium salts, instead cleavage to the alkene (1) and diselenide (13, 15) occurs. The thiirenium salt [Ad2C2SCH2CH2SiMe3]+Tf2N− (35) does not yield the thiirene Ad2C2S (37), the three‐membered ring is cleaved, forming the alkyne (3) and disulfide (4). All compounds are characterized by ESI mass spectra, NMR spectra, and by quantum chemical calculations. Crystal structures of the salts 8, 12, 25, 17, 26, 36 and the thiiranes 27, 30 are presented.
Spectral study on inclusion interaction and enantiorecognition of 2‐aryl carboxylic acids with hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin
Authors: Jin Yang , Sun Wenyu , Lv Huawei , Tong Shengqiang
Published: August 2020

The inclusion interaction between hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HP‐β‐CD) and 21 2‐aryl carboxylic acids was investigated by UV (ultraviolet) spectrophotometer. The inclusion constant of each 2‐aryl carboxylic acids with HP‐β‐CD was determined by Benesi–Hildebrand's equation. According to our previous work, it was found that a high inclusion constant for inclusion complex formed by a racemate and cyclodextrin was always observed with the fact that a high enantioseparation factor was achieved for the racemate in enantioseparation by liquid–liquid chromatography, which suggested that high binding combination between racemate and cyclodextrin is very important for a successful enantioseparation in enantioselective liquid–liquid extraction. Among all the studied subjects, mandelic acid enantiomer, 2,3‐diphenylpropionic acid enantiomer, and naproxen enantiomer were selected for the further study. The inclusion constants of enantiomers of these three subjects were determined by UV spectra, which indicated that a necessary difference in inclusion constants between enantiomer and cyclodextrin was also essential. It was found in UV spectra that the absorbance of the analytes with the addition of cyclodextrin would increase or decrease, which was determined by the type of electron excitation. The conformation changes of small molecules can lead to the changes of chromophore valence electron clouds distribution, causing the HOMO‐LUMO energy difference decreased. Thus, a red shift of the wavelength of the maximum absorption was produced indicating that the possibility of the molecular interaction of enantiomers with HP‐β‐CD exists.
Reduced Thiol Compounds – Induced Biosensing, Bioimaging Analysis and Targeted Delivery
Authors: Guo Yingshu , Zheng Xiaofei , Cao Xiuping , Li Wenxin , Wu Di , Zhang Shusheng
Published: August 2020

Reduced thiol compounds (RTCs), such as glutathione (GSH), cysteine (Cys), and homocysteine (Hcy), are important components of many amino acids and proteins. They are also basic building blocks that make up organisms and play an important role in physiology and pathology. Therefore, based on the fundamental characteristics of RTCs in vivo, researchers have reported their use in biosensing and imaging analysis and as carriers in life sciences and health sciences. In this review, we will introduce the principles of RTCs and highlight their applications in biosensing and imaging analysis and as carriers reported from 2015 to 2020.
Mean arterial pressure is associated with the neurological function in patients who survived after cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ai Hai‐bo , Jiang En‐li , Yu Ji‐hua , Xiong Lin‐bo , Yang Qi , Jin Qi‐zu , Gong Wen‐yan , Chen Shuai , Zhang Hong
Published: August 2020

Background

About 18% to 40% of the survivors have moderate to severe neurological dysfunction. At present, studies on mean arterial pressure (MAP) and neurological function of patients survived after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are limited and conflicted.

Hypothesis

The higher the MAP of the patient who survived after CPR, the better the neurological function.

Method

A retrospective cohort study was conducted to detect the relationship between MAP and the neurological function of patients who survived after CPR by univariate analysis, multivariate regression analysis, and subgroup analysis.

Results

From January 2007 to December 2015, a total of 290 cases met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in this study. The univariate analysis showed that MAP was associated with the neurological function of patients who survived after CPR; its OR value was 1.03 (1.01, 1.04). The multi‐factor regression analysis also showed that MAP was associated with the neurological function of patients survived after CPR in the four models, the adjusted OR value of the four models were 1.021 (1.008, 1.035); 1.028 (1.013, 1.043); 1.027 (1.012, 1.043); and 1.029 (1.014, 1.044), respectively. The subgroups analyses showed that when 65 mm Hg ≤ MAP<100 mm Hg and when patients with targeted temperature management or without extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, with the increase of MAP, the better neurological function of patients survived after CPR.

Conclusion

This study found that the higher MAP, the better the neurological function of patients who survived after CPR. At the same time, the maintenance of MAP at 65 to 100 mm Hg would improve the neurological function of patients who survived after CPR.
Synthesis, Computational Studies and Assessment of in Vitro Activity of Squalene Derivatives as Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Authors: Clima Lilia , Craciun Bogdan Florin , Angeli Andrea , Petreni Andrea , Bonardi Alessandro , Nocentini Alessio , Carta Fabrizio , Gratteri Paola , Pinteala Mariana , Supuran Claudiu T.
Published: August 2020

We report novel molecules incorporating the nontoxic squalene scaffold and different carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs). Potent inhibitory action, in the low‐nanomolar range, was detected against isoforms hCA II for sulfonamide derivatives, which proved to be selective against this isoform over the tumor‐associate hCA IX and XII isoforms. On the other hand, coumarin derivatives showed weak potency but high selectivity against the tumor‐associated isoform CA IX. These compounds are interesting candidates for preclinical evaluation in glaucoma or various tumors in which the two enzymes are involved. In addition, an in silico study of inhibitor‐bound hCA II revealed extensive interactions with the hydrophobic pocket of the active site and provided molecular insights into the binding properties of these new inhibitors.
Potency and Selectivity Optimization of Tryptophanol‐Derived Oxazoloisoindolinones: Novel p53 Activators in Human Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Barcherini Valentina , Almeida Joana , Lopes Elizabeth A. , Wang Mi , Magalhães e Silva Diogo , Mori Mattia , Wang Shaomeng , Saraiva Lucília , Santos Maria M. M.
Published: August 2020

To search for novel p53 activators, four series of novel (S)‐ and (R)‐tryptophanol‐derived oxazoloisoindolinones were synthesized in a straightforward manner and their antiproliferative activity was evaluated in the human colorectal cancer HCT116 cell line. Structural optimization of the hit compound SLMP53‐1 led to the identification of a (R)‐tryptophanol‐derived isoindolinone that was found to be six‐fold more active, with increased selectivity for HCT116 cells with p53 and with low toxicity in normal cells. Binding studies with MDM2 showed that the antiproliferative activity of tryptophanol‐derived isoindolinones does not involve inhibition of the main negative regulator of the p53 protein. Molecular docking simulations showed that although these molecules establish hydrophobic interactions with MDM2, they do not possess the required features to bind MDM2.
Predictive biomarkers for 5‐ALA‐PDT can lead to personalized treatments and overcome tumor‐specific resistances
Authors: Mastrangelopoulou Maria , Grigalavicius Mantas , Raabe Tine H. , Skarpen Ellen , Juzenas Petras , Peng Qian , Berg Kristian , Theodossiou Theodossis A.
Published: August 2020

Background

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive, clinically approved therapy with numerous advantages over other mainstream cancer therapies. 5‐aminolevulinic acid (5‐ALA)‐PDT is of particular interest, as it uses the photosensitiser PpIX, naturally produced in the heme pathway, following 5‐ALA administration. Even though 5‐ALA‐PDT shows high specificity to cancers, differences in treatment outcomes call for predictive biomarkers to better stratify patients and to also diversify 5‐ALA‐PDT based on each cancer's phenotypic and genotypic individualities.

Aims

The present study seeks to highlight key biomarkers that may predict treatment outcome and simultaneously be exploited to overcome cancer‐specific resistances to 5‐ALA‐PDT.

Methods and Results

We submitted two glioblastoma (T98G and U87) and three breast cancer (MCF7, MDA‐MB‐231, and T47D) cell lines to 5‐ALA‐PDT. Glioblastoma cells were the most resilient to 5‐ALA‐PDT, while intracellular production of 5‐ALA‐derived protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) could not account for the recorded PDT responses.

We identified the levels of expression of ABCG2 transporters, ferrochelatase (FECH), and heme oxygenase (HO‐1) as predictive biomarkers for 5‐ALA‐PDT. GPX4 and GSTP1 expression vs intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels also showed potential as PDT biomarkers.

For T98G cells, inhibition of ABCG2, FECH, HO‐1, and/or intracellular GSH depletion led to profound PDT enhancement. Inhibition of ABCG2 in U87 cells was the only synergistic adjuvant to 5‐ALA‐PDT, rendering the otherwise resistant cell line fully responsive to 5‐ALA‐PDT.

ABCG2 or FECH inhibition significantly enhanced 5‐ALA‐PDT‐induced MCF7 cytotoxicity, while for MDA‐MB‐231, ABCG2 inhibition and intracellular GSH depletion conferred profound synergies. FECH inhibition was the only synergism to ALA‐PDT for the most susceptible among the cell lines, T47D cells.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the heterogeneity in the cellular response to 5‐ALA‐PDT and identifies biomarkers that may be used to predict treatment outcome. The study also provides preliminary findings on the potential of inhibiting specific molecular targets to overcome inherent resistances to 5‐ALA‐PDT.
The relationship of aging, complete tooth loss, and having a dental visit in the last 12 months
Authors: Foiles Sifuentes Andriana M. , Castaneda‐Avila Maira A. , Lapane Kate L.
Published: August 2020

Objectives

To evaluate the extent to which dental health care visits in the past year differed among older adults with and without edentulism.

Material and Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional study using the 2017 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey among participants aged ≥50 years (n = 10,480, weighted = 112,116,641). Two self‐reported outcome variables were used: loss of all teeth from upper and lower jaws (yes/no) and dental visit in the last 12 months (yes/no). Logistic models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

Overall, 11.4% of the non‐institutionalized U.S. population aged ≥50 years were edentulous; the prevalence was higher in those with advanced age. Adherence to annual oral health visits was 16% among those with edentulism, 52% among those without. The prevalence of dental care visits in the past year was higher among those with advanced age without edentulism, but for those with edentulism, the odds of visiting a dental care provider was lower in all age groups compared to those 50–59 years ((60–69 years): aOR: 0.58, CI:0.36–0.95; (70–79 years): aOR: 0.51, CI: 0.30–0.88; (≥ 80 years): aOR: 0.45, CI: 0.26–0.80)).

Conclusion

Although the prevalence of edentulism was higher in those with advanced age, oral health visits during the last 12 months were less frequent in older adults with edentulism. Interventions to improve adherence to dental care recommendations in the growing aging population are warranted.
Association between periodontitis and vascular endothelial function using noninvasive medical device—A pilot study
Authors: Fujitani Takahito , Aoyama Norio , Hirata Fumihiko , Minabe Masato
Published: August 2020

The present study aimed to assess the relationship between periodontal condition and endothelial function using a noninvasive device. Many recent studies have reported associations between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases. Endothelial dysfunction is the first step of atherosclerosis, but information on the association between periodontal disease and endothelial dysfunction remains limited. Thirty‐three subjects were recruited from among patients at a private medical clinic. We examined vascular endothelial function using a noninvasive medical device and periodontal measurements including probing pocket depth, attachment level, tooth mobility, and oral cleaning condition. Subjects were divided into two groups according to endothelial function score. Tooth mobility and number of lost teeth were increased in the group with endothelial dysfunction. A greater frequency of elderly subjects and altered hemoglobin A1c levels were seen in the endothelial dysfunction group. On multiple logistic regression analysis, increased tooth mobility was independently associated with endothelial dysfunction. Increased tooth mobility, a major periodontal parameter, appears related to endothelial dysfunction.
Metal‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Biomass‐Derived Furfural: Particle Size Effects and Regulation Strategies
Authors: Yu Zhihao , Lu Xuebin , Wang Xiaotong , Xiong Jian , Li Xiaoyun , Zhang Rui , Ji Na
Published: August 2020

The hydrogenation of furfural (FUR), a typical bio‐based furan derivative, is a critical reaction within the roadmap for upgrading lignocellulosic biomass into high value‐added chemicals and liquid fuels, the performance of which is strongly correlated with the catalysts’ intrinsic peculiarities. Metal catalysts with tailorable sizes, uniform dispersions and robust sintering resistance are generally recognized as a prerequisite for obtaining better hydrogenation activity, selectivity and stability, which has prompted intensive research into metal particle size effects and their regulation strategies. The roles of metal particle sizes and corresponding dispersions of metal catalysts used for FUR hydrogenation have been clearly recognized to be crucial over the past decade. In this regard, this systematic Minireview aims to provide profound insights into particle size effects in the metal‐catalyzed hydrogenation of FUR, as well as conditional and structural approaches to regulating these effects. In addition, from the aspect of catalyst stability, the impacts and improvements of the metal particle sintering issue are analyzed. Moreover, several suggestions are proposed in response to the challenges in regulating particle size effects. Furthermore, the viewpoints presented herein would potentially contribute to the rational development of metal hydrogenation catalysts and further help to boost a more sustainable biomass refining system.
Mast cell differentiation of leukemic blasts in diverse myeloid neoplasms: A potential pre‐myelomastocytic leukemia condition
Authors: Panda Devasis , Chatterjee Gaurav , Khanka Twinkle , Ghogale Sitaram , Badrinath Yajamanam , Deshpande Nilesh , Sardana Rohan , Chaturvedi Anumeha , Rajpal Sweta , Shetty Dhanalaxmi , Patkar Nikhil V. , Gujral Sumeet , Subramanian Papagudi G. , Tembhare Prashant R.
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Myeloid neoplasm with blasts showing mast cell (MC)‐differentiation and MC‐component less than 10% of all nucleated cells but not fulfilling the criteria for systemic mastocytosis with associated hematological neoplasm (SM‐AHN) or myelomastocytic leukemia (MML) has not been described in the literature. Herein, we report a study of diverse myeloid malignancies with blasts showing MC‐differentiation but not meeting the criteria for SM‐AHN or MML. We also evaluated the utility of flow‐cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI) in the characterization of immature‐MCs (iMCs).

Methods

We identified nine patients of myeloid neoplasms and studied their morphological, FCI, immunohistochemistry, cytogenetic and molecular characteristics. We also compared the immunophenotypic features of MCs from patient samples with control samples.

Results

The study included patients with newly‐diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (n = 4), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (n = 1), and chronic myeloid leukemia on follow‐up (n = 4) showing MC differentiation in leukemic‐blasts. These patients had mildly increased MCs (range, 0.5%–3%) in bone‐marrow morphology, including immature‐forms and did not meet the criteria for either SM‐AHN or MML. On FCI, iMCs were positive for bright‐CD117, heterogeneous‐CD34, dim‐to‐negative‐HLADR, and moderate‐CD203c expression. Expression‐levels of CD123 and CD38 were higher (p < 0.001) but CD33 and CD45 were lower in iMCs compared to mature‐MC from control samples (p = 0.019 and p = 0.0037).

Conclusion

We reported a rare finding of MC differentiation of leukemic blasts in diverse myeloid neoplasms and proposed it as a potential pre‐myelomastocytic leukemia condition. We described the distinct immunophenotypic signature of immature‐MCs using commonly used markers and highlighted the utility of FCI for the diagnosis of this entity.
Energy‐efficient resource allocation in relay‐aided orthogonal frequency division multiplexing cognitive radio networks with quality of service provisioning
Authors: Yan Feiyu , Zhao Jihong , Qu Hua , Xu Xiguang
Published: August 2020

This paper investigates the energy‐efficient resource allocation problem in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)‐based cognitive radio (CR) networks with multiple decode‐and‐forward relays. In order to maximize the system energy efficiency (EE), we jointly optimize the relay selection, subcarrier pairing, and power allocation subject to the transmit power constraints, the interference thresholds at the primary system, and the quality of service (QoS) provisioning for the CR system. Using the fractional programming and the Lagrangian dual decomposition method, the optimization problem which is a mixed‐integer nonlinear program (MINLP) can be efficiently solved to obtain an asymptotically optimal solution. We also propose a suboptimal scheme to reduce the computational complexity at the expense of a little performance loss. Simulation results demonstrate the performance of proposed schemes and the effect of the constraints values.
Synergistic interaction between 4‐allyl‐1‐hydroxy‐2‐methoxybenzene (eugenol) and diclofenac: An isobolograpic analysis in Wistar rats
Authors: González‐Lugo Olga Edith , Pozos‐Guillén Amaury , Ponce‐Peña Patricia , Lares‐Asseff Ismael , Escobar‐García Diana María , Campos‐Cantón Isaac , Vértiz‐Hernández Angel Antonio
Published: August 2020

Clinical and preclinical research that contributes pain palliation has suggested that drugs favor the expected effects and minimize the adverse effects. Among the most widely used strategies is the combination of analgesic drugs among those in the same group, with those in another group of analgesics or with co‐adjuvants (nonanalgesic drugs or elements of traditional medicine). This work aims to evaluate the interaction between eugenol (EUG) and diclofenac (DFC) on nociception in the presence of a noxious stimulus through the formalin test and isobolographic analysis. The results indicate that EUG, DFC, or the combination of both produce an antinociceptive effect in rodents (p ≤ 0.05). Local co‐administration of EUG and DFC gave a theoretical effective dose (Zadd) 2,936.27 ± 155.33 μg/kg (p ≤ 0.05) significantly higher as compared to the effective experimental doses (Zmix) of 866.89 ± 0.02 μg/kg in phase 1 and 292.88 ± 0.05 μg/kg in phase 2, with an interaction index of 0.29 and 0.09, respectively. These data allow concluding that the interaction derived from the joint administration of EUG and DFC, in the rodent at a local level, is synergistic.
Hypercortisolism and altered glucose homeostasis in obese patients in the pre‐bariatric surgery assessment
Authors: Muraca Emanuele , Ciardullo Stefano , Perra Silvia , Zerbini Francesca , Oltolini Alice , Cannistraci Rosa , Bianconi Eleonora , Villa Matteo , Pizzi Mattia , Pizzi Pietro , Manzoni Giuseppina , Lattuada Guido , Perseghin Gianluca
Published: August 2020

Aims

Hypothalamus‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity was suggested to be associated with the metabolic syndrome (MS), obesity and diabetes. The aim of this study was to test whether hypercortisolism was associated with altered glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia in a homogeneous population of obese patients.

Materials/Methods

In retrospective analysis of a set of data about obese patients attending the outpatient service of a single obesity centre between January 2013 and January 2020, 884 patients with BMI >30 kg/m2were segregated in two subgroups: patients with urinary free cortisol (UFC) higher than normal (UFC+; n = 129) or within the normal range (UFC−; n = 755).

Results

The overall prevalence of UFC+ was 14.6% and double test positivity (morning cortisol >1.8 mcg/dL following overnight dexamethasone suppression test, ODST) was detected in 1.0% of patients. Prediabetes (OR 1.74; 95%CI 1.13‐2.69;p= 0.012) and diabetes (OR 2.03; 95%CI 1.21‐3.42;p= 0.008) were associated with higher risk of UFC+ when analysis was adjusted for confounding variables. Conversely, hypertension and dyslipidemia were not related to UFC+. Within the individuals with normal FPG and HbA1c, those with higher estimated insulin resistance (HOMA2‐IR) maintained a higher risk of UFC+ (OR 2.84, 95%CI 1.06‐7.63;p= 0.039) and this relationship was weakened only when the body fat percentage was included into the model.

Conclusions

In obese patients, hypercortisolism was more frequent across the entire spectrum of altered glucose homeostasis including the very early stages; this relation could not be detected for the other criteria of the MS, as waist, hypertension and atherogenic dyslipidemia.
Effects of climate change on the life stages of stream‐dwelling brown trout (Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758) at the rear edge of their native distribution range
Authors: Santiago José M. , Alonso Carlos , García de Jalón Diego , Solana‐Gutiérrez Joaquín , Muñoz‐Mas Rafael
Published: August 2020

Streamflow and temperature regimes are key components of the physical habitats of instream biological communities. Iberian brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations exist in a climatic border where water scarcity and increasing water temperatures during summer could compromise their viability throughout the 21st century. We predicted climate change‐induced modifications in the thermal and hydraulic habitats of both the intragravel (eggs and larvae) and free‐swimming (fry, juveniles and adults) stages of brown trout in two mountain streams in central Spain. Spatial–temporal simulations of thermal and hydraulic habitats under two climate change emission scenarios—representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 (mild scenario) and RCP 8.5 (pessimistic)—were conducted at 1‐m altitudinal steps using daily air temperature and streamflow predictions. Increased winter temperatures will reduce embryo and larval development time by 12% (RCP 4.5) and 30% (RCP 8.5) in downstream sites by end of the 21st century, but this reduction might be insufficient to compensate for the shortening of the period with temperatures below the viability limits for survival of intragravel phase (20% and 54%, respectively). Combining streamflow and temperature data for free‐swimming stages indicated that the suitable summer habitat will be reduced by between 53% and 76% (RCP 4.5) and 70%–90% (RCP 8.5) by 2099. The predicted effects for all developmental stages are critical for determining population viability at both ends of its altitudinal distribution. However, these responses are river‐specific, as limiting factors differ among rivers.
Plant‐galling insect interactions: a data set of host plants and their gall‐inducing insects for the Cerrado
Authors: Cintra Fernanda C. F. , de Araújo Walter S. , Maia Valéria C. , Urso‐Guimarães Maria V. , Venâncio Henrique , Andrade Janete F. , Carneiro Marco A. A. , de Almeida Wanessa R. , Santos Jean C.
Published: August 2020

Recent decades have seen increased research interest in the processes and mechanisms related to insect gall richness and host plants. The data set provided here includes 968 records of interactions between galling insects and host plants for the Cerrado biome. The data set comprises 505 species of 222 genera and 67 families of host plants. The botanical families most represented in the data set are Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, Malpighiaceae, and Melastomataceae, which account for ~48.5% of all records and 52% of the total number of species. The gall‐inducing insects listed in the data set include 48 species of Cecidomyiidae and one species of Tephritidae. This data set is the first to compile inventories of plant‐galling insect communities and information about the diversity and distribution of insect galls and their host plants in the Cerrado. The data set reveals knowledge gaps and opportunities for future research on patterns of diversity and distribution, and provides a basis for generating and testing new ecological hypotheses. Please cite this data paper when using the current data in publications and let us know how the data are used in the publications. There are no copyright restrictions.
Chemical Modifications of Layered Double Hydroxides in the Supercapacitor
Authors: Jing Chuan , Dong Biqin , Zhang Yuxin
Published: August 2020

Layered double hydroxides are one class or kind of 2D layered materials that are considered promising for use in the supercapacitor. Although there have been many studies on the structure, composition, properties, and electrode fabrication of layered double hydroxides, none summarize the effects of various modification methods on the structure and performance of layered double hydroxides in the supercapacitor. In a bid to fill this gap, in this review, we summarize the progress of modification methods such as exfoliation, intercalation, vacancy, doping, phase transformation, and composition regulation of layered double hydroxides in the field of the supercapacitor and put forward some opinions regarding the progress of research on the methods used in modifying the layered double hydroxides.
Is heart transplantation a real option in patients with Duchenne syndrome? Inferences from a case report
Authors: Piperata Antonio , Bottio Tomaso , Toscano Giuseppe , Avesani Martina , Vianello Andrea , Gerosa Gino
Published: August 2020

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most frequent and severe form of MD. It firstly affects the skeletal muscles, causing severe disability, and subsequently the myocardium. The only two options to treat end‐stage heart failure in these patients are either a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation as destination therapy or a heart transplant. These hypotheses are still controversial, and data are very limited. We describe the case of an 18‐year‐old male patient, affected by DMD and in a wheelchair from the age of 11. He progressively developed dilated cardiomyopathy, and in 2016, at the age of 14 years, he underwent HeartWare LVAD implantation, as destination therapy, without post‐operative complications. He has been followed up for 47 consecutive months; and 30 months after LVAD implantation, he developed an infection of the exit site, treated by antibiotics and surgical toilette. Following this event, on the basis of patient's good general conditions and willingness, we started to consider heart transplant as an option. Before the patient was listed, he underwent accurate workup, and we found higher values of forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, and peak expiratory flow, compared with the predicted values of same‐age DMD patients. The patient have neither scoliosis nor need for non‐invasive mechanical ventilation, and finally, he was always treated with steroids with stable thoraco‐abdominal function over the years. According to these considerations, the patient was listed for heart transplant. In 12 February 2020, at the age of 18 years, the patient underwent heart transplant with no post‐operative complications. Cardiac transplantation is not considered a valid option for DMD patients, because of the shortage of donor availability and the systemic nature of DMD disease. Considering that this patient had already experienced an LVAD‐related complication and he had better general condition than his DMD peers, we listed him for a heart transplant. We described the case of a DMD patient who underwent successful heart transplantation after 47 months of HeartWare LVAD assistance. Three months' follow‐up is uneventful.
Optimization of UAVs‐SfM data collection in aeolian landform morphodynamics: a case study from the Gonghe Basin, China
Authors: Luo Wanyin , Shao Mei , Che Xuehua , Hesp Patrick A. , Bryant Robert G. , Yan Changzhen , Xing Zanpin
Published: August 2020

UAVs‐SfM (unmanned aerial vehicles‐structure‐from‐motion) systems can generate high‐resolution three‐dimensional (3D) topographic models of aeolian landforms. To explore the optimization of UAVs‐SfM for use in aeolian landform morphodynamics, this study tested flight parameters for two contrasting aeolian landform areas (free dune and blowout) to assess the 3D reconstruction accuracy of the UAV survey compared with field point measurements using differential RTK‐GPS (real‐time kinematic‐global positioning system). The results reveal the optimum UAVs‐SfM flight set‐up at the free‐dune site was: flying height = 74 m, camera tilt angle = −90°, photograph overlap ratio = 85%/70% (heading/sideways). The horizontal/vertical location error was around 0.028–0.055 m and 0.053–0.069 m, respectively, and a point cloud density of 463/m3 was found to generate a clear texture using these flying parameters. For the < 20 m deep blowout the optimum set‐up with highest accuracy and the lowest cliff texture distortion was: flying height = 74 m combined camera tilt angle = −90° and −60°, photograph overlap ratio = 85%/70% (heading/sideways), and an evenly distributed GCPs (ground control points) density of 42/km2 using these flying parameters. When the depth of the blowouts exceeded 40 m, the optimum flight/survey parameters changed slightly to account for more challenging cliff texture generation: flying height = 80 m (with −90° and −60°combined camera tilt angle), GCPs density = 63/km2 to generate horizontal and vertical location error of 0.024 m and 0.050 m, respectively, and point cloud density of 2597.11/m3. The main external factors that affect the successful 3D reconstruction of aeolian landforms using UAVs‐SfM are the weather conditions, manipulation errors, and instrument system errors. The UAVs‐SfM topographic monitoring results demonstrate that UAVs provide a viable and robust means for aeolian landform morphodynamics monitoring. Importantly, the rapid and high precision 3D reconstruction processes were significantly advanced using the optimal flight parameters reported here. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attacks detection and decision framework based on generative adversarial network approach: Case of vehicular edge computing network
Authors: Sedjelmaci Hichem
Published: August 2020

The application of artificial intelligence in cyber security context has attracted enormous attention, specifically from industrial sector and this is due to the strength of machine learning algorithms to detect the unknown misbehaviors executed by cyber‐attacks. The generative adversarial network (GAN) based on a generator and discriminator systems could be used as defense and attack frameworks to protect and attack respectively its target. In this research article, we propose new attacks detection and decision framework based on GAN algorithm to detect accurately the smart and dangerous attacks. The proposed security framework relies on the collaboration between the generator and discriminator systems to determine the relevant attacks' features and hence detect the cyber‐attacks with a high accuracy. We present a case study of the proposed detection and decision framework in a context of a vehicular edge computing network and highlight the experimental results by analyzing specifically, the accuracy defense rate and network latency. In the experimentation results, a maximum number of network attacks are detected with a high accuracy, while low network latency is generated. This result is achieved specifically when the number of iterations is high, that is, the accuracy defense rate is close to 90% and the network latency is close to 1000 milliseconds.
Predicting intraday jumps in stock prices using liquidity measures and technical indicators
Authors: Kong Ao , Zhu Hongliang , Azencott Robert
Published: August 2020

Predicting intraday stock jumps is a significant but challenging problem in finance. Due to the instantaneity and imperceptibility characteristics of intraday stock jumps, relevant studies on their predictability remain limited. This paper proposes a data‐driven approach to predict intraday stock jumps using the information embedded in liquidity measures and technical indicators. Specifically, a trading day is divided into a series of 5‐min intervals, and at the end of each interval, the candidate attributes defined by liquidity measures and technical indicators are input into machine learning algorithms to predict the arrival of a stock jump as well as its direction in the following 5‐min interval. An empirical study is conducted using level‐2 high‐frequency data of 1271 stocks on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange of China to validate our approach. The results provide initial evidence of the predictability of jump arrivals and jump directions using level‐2 stock data as well as the effectiveness of using a combination of liquidity measures and technical indicators for such prediction. We also reveal the superiority of using random forest compared with other machine learning algorithms in building prediction models. Importantly, our study provides a portable data‐driven approach that exploits liquidity and technical information from level‐2 stock data to predict intraday price jumps of individual stocks.
Industrial Perspective on Hydrogen Purification, Compression, Storage, and Distribution
Authors: Peschel A.
Published: August 2020

Green hydrogen production by electrolysis using renewable power allows for decoupling the time and location of hydrogen production and use. Even if pipeline transport of hydrogen is most economic for large scale, transport by trailers will be present in near and mid‐term future since the construction of a hydrogen pipeline network will take a long time. Furthermore, the volume of trailer transport will increase with increasing hydrogen demand raising the question what the best hydrogen carrier is.

Within this contribution, different hydrogen carriers are compared regarding their energy efficiency and their practicability. In addition, an overview of hydrogen compression technology is given including piston, membrane, screw, electrochemical, thermal, and turbo compressors. As hydrogen carriers, gaseous compressed hydrogen (CGH), liquid hydrogen, (LH2), liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC), metal organic frameworks (MOF), hydrides and ammonia are evaluated. CGH is most energy efficient for short transport distances, but for longer distances a higher hydrogen density is required. Here, LH2 and LOHCs compete both showing a high hydrogen density. However, if larger hydrogen liquefiers are built in future, LH2 is more practical due to its better energy efficiency (at least for fueling station supply) and proven technology readiness.
Permian tectonic evolution of the southwestern Ordos Basin, North China: Integrating constraints from sandstone petrology and detrital zircon geochronology
Authors: Sun Jiaopeng , Yang Lei , Dong Yunpeng , Yang Xiangyang , Peng Yuan , Zhao Jie
Published: August 2020

The Late Palaeozoic dynamic setting of the Ordos Basin in the southwestern North China Craton (SW‐NCC) is poorly constrained due to limited understanding on the source‐to‐sink relation. This study presents integrated provenance clues from the Permian strata in the southwestern Ordos Basin to trace the sources and to discuss the tectonic setting of the basin in the SW‐NCC. The reconstructed palaeocurrent directions of these Permian sediments generally point to the northeast and suggest the dominant sedimentary influx from the southwest. Modal composition analysis shows the Permian deposits have an overwhelming derivation from mixed sources containing orogeny, continental block, and magmatic arc. Zircons from the lower section yield major age clusters of ~300–270 Ma and ~2,500–1,700 Ma. While, zircon age spectra for the upper section are marked by the abundance of ~1,000–800 Ma and ~500–400 Ma ages, and the lack of Permian populations. Sources of the lower section were interpreted to be the arc terrane along the southern border of SW‐NCC, in contrast, sources of the upper part were attributed to the Central Qilian Block. Zircons of ~300–270 Ma indicate significant magmatic activities in a rapidly uplifting continental arc, yielding an additional clue for the subduction and the existence of the Mianlue Ocean in the northeastern Palaeo‐Tethys. The changes in provenance and depositional rate at the Middle Permian indicate the rapid subsidence along with the intensive uplift of the continental basement in the SW‐NCC. These signatures likely infer that the back‐arc basin may have evolved into a compressional setting at that time.
Primary tumor volume as a predictor of distant metastases and survival in patients with sinonasal mucosal melanoma
Authors: Flukes Stephanie , Lohia Shivangi , Barker Christopher A. , Cracchiolo Jennifer R. , Ganly Ian , Patel Snehal G. , Roman Benjamin R. , Shah Jatin P. , Shoushtari Alexander N. , Tabar Viviane , Shah Akash , Cohen Marc A.
Published: August 2020

Background

Sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNMM) is an aggressive cancer with high mortality. Identifying patients at risk of distant metastasis assists with management and prognostication. We aimed to define the relationship between volume, survival, and risk of distant metastases.

Methods

A retrospective review of all patients with SNMM treated at a single institution over a 21‐year period was conducted. Tumor volume was calculated using cross‐sectional imaging and survival analysis was performed.

Results

Sixty‐one patients were included. Tumor volume was predictive of local progression‐free survival (P = .03), distant metastases‐free survival (DMFS) (P = .002), and overall survival (OS) (P = .02). It was a better predictor than AJCC stage and T‐classification. Tumor volume equal to or greater than 5 cm3 was associated with a significantly worse DMFS and OS (P = .02 and .009, respectively).

Conclusion

Calculation of tumor volume assists in quantifying the risk of distant metastases and death in SNMM.
Expanded exposure and detailed anatomic analysis of the superior orbital fissure: Implications for endonasal and transorbital approaches
Authors: Li Lifeng , London Nyall R. , Chen Xiaohong , Prevedello Daniel M. , Carrau Ricardo L.
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to ascertain the maximal exposure of the superior orbital fissure (SOF) afforded by combining endonasal and transorbital endoscopic approaches. Six cadaveric specimens (12 sides) were dissected using endonasal and transorbital endoscopic approaches to access the SOF. The order of the approaches was alternated in each specimen (eg, starting with an endonasal approach in one side followed by a transorbital exposure and reversing the order on the contralateral side). Maximal exposure of the SOF and its contents for individual and combined approaches were explored. The endonasal corridor provided adequate access to the inferomedial 1/3 of the SOF and including the proximal segments of cranial nerves (CN) III, V1 and VI. A transorbital approach was superior accessing the superolateral 2/3's of the SOF, including the superior ophthalmic vein, lacrimal nerve, and distal segment of the CN VI at the lateral aspect; the nasociliary nerve and divisions of CN III centrally; and the frontal nerve and CN IV at the dorsal aspect of levator palpebrae superioris. This study suggests that a combined endonasal and transorbital exposure of the SOF may be advantageous to address lesions in this challenging region.