bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Limits of Orthodoxy in a Secular Age: The Strange Case of Marie Corelli
Authors: Knight Mark
Published: December 2018

Mark Knight, “The Limits of Orthodoxy in a Secular Age: The Strange Case of Marie Corelli” (pp. 379–398)

This essay explores the eclectic spirituality of the late-nineteenth-writer Marie Corelli, with specific reference to her fiction. I look to her first novel, A Romance of Two Worlds (1886), as a case study with which to explore the relationship between Christian orthodoxy and heterodoxy in a secular age. In doing so, I draw on recent theoretical contributions to our understanding of the sacred and the secular in the late nineteenth century, and I question the tendency of many critics to presume that Corelli’s interest in spirituality has little or nothing to do with Christianity. Corelli wrote that her “creed has its foundation in Christ alone,” and although there are good reasons for investigating that claim more closely, these investigations do not have to result in a secular reading and/or an interpretation that breaks from Christianity. By situating Corelli’s fiction within the Christian tradition, I show how she helps us rethink the way in which we draw and redraw the boundaries of religious belief at the fin de siècle.
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Diagnosis and management of the patient with non-classic CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency
Authors: Nordenström Anna , Falhammar Henrik
Published: December 2018

Non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCAH) is a relatively common disorder regardless of ethnicity, but most cases are never diagnosed, especially in males. A baseline 17-hydroxyprogesterone measurement may be used for screening, but 17-hydroxyprogesterone measurement after ACTH stimulation is the gold standard. We advocate a CYP21A2 mutation analysis to verify the diagnosis, for genetic counselling and for better prognostic and treatment guidance. Most patients are diagnosed in adolescence and adult life with hirsutism, acne, a PCOS-like picture and fertility issues. Many men with NCAH never seek medical attention and escape diagnosis. Although treatment is somewhat controversial, an early diagnosis and start of treatment may have positive implications on growth and be relevant for preventing and ameliorating the symptoms and consequences of androgen excess that develop over time, including fertility issues. Long-term treatment with glucocorticoids will improve the androgen symptoms but may result in long-term complications, such as obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, osteoporosis and fractures. The glucocorticoid doses should be kept low. However, complications seen in NCAH, assumed to be caused by the glucocorticoid treatment, may also be associated with long-term androgen exposure. Oral contraceptive pills are a common treatment option for young females with NCAH. Regular clinical monitoring to improve the clinical outcome is recommended. It is important to acknowledge that glucocorticoid treatment will lead to secondary cortisol insufficiency and the need for stress dosing. Studies focusing on the specific difficulties patients with NCAH face, both those with a late clinical diagnosis and those with a neonatal diagnosis obtained by screening, are warranted.
Causes, patterns and severity of androgen excess in 487 consecutively recruited pre- and post-pubertal children
Authors: Idkowiak Jan , Elhassan Yasir S , Mannion Pascoe , Smith Karen , Webster Rachel , Saraff Vrinda , Barrett Timothy G , Shaw Nicholas J , Krone Nils , Dias Renuka P , Kershaw Melanie , Kirk Jeremy M , Högler Wolfgang , Krone Ruth E , O’Reilly Michael W , Arlt Wiebke
Published: December 2018

Objective

Androgen excess in childhood is a common presentation and may signify sinister underlying pathology. Data describing its patterns and severity are scarce, limiting the information available for clinical decision processes. Here, we examined the differential diagnostic value of serum DHEAS, androstenedione (A4) and testosterone in childhood androgen excess.

Design

Retrospective review of all children undergoing serum androgen measurement at a single center over 5 years.

Methods

Serum A4 and testosterone were measured by tandem mass spectrometry and DHEAS by immunoassay. Patients with at least one increased androgen underwent phenotyping by clinical notes review.

Results

In 487 children with simultaneous DHEAS, A4 and testosterone measurements, we identified 199 with androgen excess (140 pre- and 59 post-pubertal). Premature adrenarche (PA) was the most common pre-pubertal diagnosis (61%), characterized by DHEAS excess in 85%, while A4 and testosterone were only increased in 26 and 9% respectively. PCOS was diagnosed in 40% of post-pubertal subjects, presenting equally frequent with isolated excess of DHEAS (29%) or testosterone (25%) or increases in both A4 and testosterone (25%). CAH patients (6%) predominantly had A4 excess (86%); testosterone and DHEAS were increased in 50 and 33% respectively. Concentrations increased above the two-fold upper limit of normal were mostly observed in PA for serum DHEAS (>20-fold in the single case of adrenocortical carcinoma) and in CAH for serum androstenedione.

Conclusions

Patterns and severity of childhood androgen excess provide pointers to the underlying diagnosis and can be used to guide further investigations.
Composition of the Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) Complex in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Matera A Gregory , Raimer Amanda C , Schmidt Casey A , Kelly Jo A , Droby Gaith N , Baillat David , ten Have Sara , Lamond Angus I , Wagner Eric J , Gray Kelsey M
Published: December 2018

Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is caused by homozygous mutations in the human survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. SMN protein has a well-characterized role in the biogenesis of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), core components of the spliceosome. SMN is part of an oligomeric complex with core binding partners, collectively called Gemins. Biochemical and cell biological studies demonstrate that certain Gemins are required for proper snRNP assembly and transport. However, the precise functions of most Gemins are unknown. To gain a deeper understanding of the SMN complex in the context of metazoan evolution, we investigated its composition in Drosophila melanogaster. Using transgenic flies that exclusively express Flag-tagged SMN from its native promoter, we previously found that Gemin2, Gemin3, Gemin5, and all nine classical Sm proteins, including Lsm10 and Lsm11, co-purify with SMN. Here, we show that CG2941 is also highly enriched in the pulldown. Reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation reveals that epitope-tagged CG2941 interacts with endogenous SMN in Schneider2 cells. Bioinformatic comparisons show that CG2941 shares sequence and structural similarity with metazoan Gemin4. Additional analysis shows that three other genes (CG14164, CG31950 and CG2371) are not orthologous to Gemins 6-7-8, respectively, as previously suggested. In D.melanogaster, CG2941 is located within an evolutionarily recent genomic triplication with two other nearly identical paralogous genes (CG32783 and CG32786). RNAi-mediated knockdown of CG2941 and its two close paralogs reveals that Gemin4 is essential for organismal viability.
Repeats of Unusual Size in Plant Mitochondrial Genomes: Identification, Incidence and Evolution
Authors: Wynn Emily L , Christensen Alan C
Published: December 2018

Plant mitochondrial genomes have excessive size relative to coding capacity, a low mutation rate in genes and a high rearrangement rate. They also have abundant non-tandem repeats often including pairs of large repeats which cause isomerization of the genome by recombination, and numerous repeats of up to several hundred base pairs that recombine only when the genome is stressed by DNA damaging agents or mutations in DNA repair pathway genes. Early work on mitochondrial genomes led to the suggestion that repeats in the size range from several hundred to a few thousand base pair are underrepresented. The repeats themselves are not well-conserved between species, and are not always annotated in mitochondrial sequence assemblies. We systematically identified and compared these repeats, which are important clues to mechanisms of DNA maintenance in mitochondria. We developed a tool to find and curate non-tandem repeats larger than 50bp and analyzed the complete mitochondrial sequences from 157 plant species. We observed an interesting difference between taxa: the repeats are larger and more frequent in the vascular plants. Analysis of closely related species also shows that plant mitochondrial genomes evolve in dramatic bursts of breakage and rejoining, complete with DNA sequence gain and loss. We suggest an adaptive explanation for the existence of the repeats and their evolution.
Non-Native Fish Predator Density and Molecular-Based Diet Estimates Suggest Differing Impacts of Predator Species on Juvenile Salmon in the San Joaquin River, California
Authors: Michel Cyril , Smith Joseph , Demetras Nicholas , Huff David , Hayes Sean
Published: December 2018

The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is a major survival bottleneck for imperiled California salmonid populations, which is partially due to a multitude of non-native fish predators that have proliferated there throughout the 20th century. Understanding the diets of salmonid predators is critical to understanding their individual impacts, role in the food web, and the implications for potential management actions. We collected the stomach contents of Striped Bass Morone saxatilis, Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides, Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus and White Catfish Ameiurus catus sampled from three 1-km reaches in the lower San Joaquin River in 2014 and 2015 during the peak juvenile salmon outmigration period. We tested each stomach (n = 582) for the presence of juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and other prey items using a genetic barcoding technique. Channel Catfish had significantly higher frequency of Chinook Salmon in their stomachs (27.8% of tested Channel Catfish contained Chinook Salmon DNA), compared to the other three predators (2.8% to 4.8%). However, non-native fish species occurred at greater frequencies in the diets of all four predator species than salmon. Using depletion estimation from electrofishing, we were able to generate population densities for Striped Bass and Largemouth Bass in our reaches. Largemouth Bass were evenly distributed throughout all three reaches, at a mean density of approximately 333 (± 195 SE) per km of river. Striped Bass were patchily distributed, ranging from 21 to 1,227 per km. Extrapolating the frequency of salmon detected in stomachs to the predator abundance estimates, we estimate that the population of Largemouth Bass we sampled consumed between 3 and 5 Chinook Salmon per day per 1-km study reach (consumption rate of 0.011 salmon per predator per day), whereas the Striped Bass population consumed between 0 and 24 Chinook Salmon per day (0.019 salmon per predator per day).
O estranho e a concha: espaços do exílio em Adriana Lisboa
Authors: Armony Adriana
Published: December 2018

Marcada pelo exílio, a obra de Adriana Lisboa, ela própria uma imigrante nos Estados Unidos, se move em espaços caracterizados pela melancolia, pelo luto – pessoal e cultural – e pelos afetos da intimidade. Este trabalho se propõe investigar como a experiência do exílio é representada espacialmente, mais especificamente no romance Azulcorvo. Mostra-se como essa experiência se associa àfigura da concha, definida por Bachelard em Poética do espaço como uma casa que cresce na mesma medida em que cresce o corpo que a habita, numa dialética do escondido e do manifesto em que o ser mais mole constitui a concha mais dura e, ao mesmo tempo, prepara um turbilhão e uma saída. Assim também o estranho/estrangeiro produz a fortaleza da sua morada a partir da fraqueza e da morte, apontando para uma saída que, sintoma ou cura, se concretiza não tanto em espaços reais quanto no plano da imaginação.
O Grémio do Comércio do Concelho de Guimarães: dinâmicas corporativas, associativas e comerciais
Authors: Mano Torres Jorge
Published: December 2018

Este artigo procura analisar a realidade do Grémio do Comércio do Concelho de Guimarães, órgão primário da organização corporativa instaurada pelo Estado Novo, entre o ano do seu surgimento 1939, e 1969, tendo por base a documentação que sobreviveu à sua extinção. O objectivo passa pela análise deste organismo, em particular no relativo às dinâmicas corporativas e internas do organismo, bem como das relações travadas com entidades exteriores à organização corporativa, com base na exploração das actas dos seus órgãos directivos. Por último, é caracterizado o universo social dos agremiados tendo em conta o sector de actividade, a dimensão da empresa e a sua localização no território do concelho vimaranense.
O cinejornal Kuxa Kanema e a imagem de Samora Machel
Authors: Barbosa Pedro Oliveira
Published: December 2018

Após a independência de Moçambique em 1975 Samora Machel tornou-se o primeiro presidente do país. Ele foi responsável por criar um regime autoritário que visava a construção nacional como maior prioridade. Foi nesse sentido que construiu o projeto do “Homem Novo”, que visava promover uma sociedade que unisse os valores do marxismo-leninismo com o combate aos valores tradicionais presentes naquele contexto. O Instituto Nacional de Cinema foi criado nesse período como forma de difundir esses valores que eram almejados pelo poder político. Foi esse o contexto de produção do cinejornal Kuxa Kanema, que tinha então entre seus objetivos promover uma narrativa a respeito de Samora Machel como forma associá-lo a eles. Nesse sentido, criou-se a imagem dele como um político carismático, popular, que se destacava como um legítimo marxista e com uma inquestionável liderança no cenário internacional. Mais que isso, ele se destaca como um líder profético, que guia o povo pelos caminhos que estão por vir, associado a figura do mito do salvador apontada por Girardet (1987).
Apresentação
Authors: Murari Luciana
Published: December 2018

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TO THE ISSUE OF TIME CYCLES IN THE NOTIONS OF NUSAYRIS
Authors: Sarabiev Aleksey V.
Published: December 2018

Introduction. In the article an attempt is made to reveal the features and characteristics of the notion of time among the Nusayris (or, otherwise, the Alawites) – adherents of an independent Muslim denomination that belongs formally to Shiism and is prevalent mainly in the territory of Syria. Materials and Methods. To this end, a method was chosen to compare those fragments of Arabic-language sources, where this topic is addressed. Previously, the achievements of modern science on the issues of the Nusayri’s dogma have been studied and translations of several fragments of the published treatises of authoritative Nusayri theologians of different ages have been carried out. Results. The author concludes that the Nusayri doctrine of time cycles in its very generalized form has the following features. All historical cycles, together with prehistoric ones, are built in a single spiral of time, there is a sacred history, also cyclical, and each period was directly connected with the society in which the revelation of the divine meaning with the obligatory attributes of its manifestations was sent down. Thus, the so-called basis (asas) remained unchanged with its eternal hidden truth, and only the visible form of revelation changed according to the person by means of which it is transmitted. The direction of historical development is not seen as a single-valued ascendant. Along with the possibility of spiritual and social progress, as Nusayris believe, from above is sent also the possible path of a “humiliating descent” into the lower, impure realms – for those who do not follow the commandment path. Descent in this case is detailed by periods and their characteristics. Discussion. Information about the duration of epochs and even the approaches to their determination vary greatly by sources. Some authors have certain accents, apparently connected with the purpose and theme of the corresponding treatise. In some cases, there are significant discrepancies in details, especially in terms of time cycles and epochs. Conclusions. Further comparison of data from different sources can clarify the ideas about the course of time and history by Nusayri religion, although such work should go hand in hand with the development of source study – verification of published texts, refinement of their attribution, philological, historical and theological commenting on them.

Keywords: time, spiral of time, religious philosophy, cycles of history, medieval sources, Nusayris.
ATTRACTIVENESS OF LATVIAN, LITHUANIAN AND ESTONIAN VENTURE CAPITAL MARKETS FOR INTERNATIONAL INVESTORS
Authors: Jakusonoka Ingrida , Zarina Kristine
Published: December 2018

Business start-ups, small and medium sized companies face financial difficulties to finance their innovative activities, which hinders innovative products from commercialization. This mainly results from the high risks and information asymmetries involved in such projects. Standard debt financers are reluctant to take these risks, besides the young enterprises lack collateral to receive the credit. However, the risk tolerance for investors differs as well. One of the alternatives for bank loans is venture capitalists, who rather become partners than creditors of young, innovative companies with growth potential. Particularly venture capital or the so-called “smart money” is what financially supports such business ventures, provides funding for technological transfer and commercialization. The authors of the present paper have chosen to examine and compare the venture capital attraction possibilities in the Baltic States using Venture Capital and Private Equity Country Attractiveness Index (by Groh et al.) data for 2012-2018. Venture capital market development is currently a very topical issue for the Latvian government, taking into consideration the critical importance of venture capital for financing innovation. Becoming the leader in the venture capital sector and No. 1 choice of start-up companies in the Baltics are now the objectives of the government of Latvia. It was therefore relevant and important to compare venture capital attraction possibilities in Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania to see and analyse in which aspects Latvia lags behind its neighbouring countries and in which it succeeds. The paper compares the six main factors or key drivers which determine the attractiveness of venture capital markets. According to Groh
et al. (2016), these factors are: 1) Economic Activity; 2) Depth of Capital Market; 3) Taxation; 4) Investor Protection & Corporate Governance;
5) Human & Social Environment and 6) Entrepreneurial Culture & Deal Opportunities. However, the results of the research reveal that the main problems for international investor attraction in the Baltic States are underdeveloped capital markets and low economic activity. Latvia, unfortunately, is the most unattractive for international venture capital investors. Nevertheless, it has experienced the fastest growth during six years, which means that there is potential for becoming a leader in the venture capital sector. The present paper reveals the aspects to be improved for becoming more attractive for venture capital investments.
First record of Conura (Conura) maculata (Fabricius, 1787) (Hymenoptera, Chalcididae) parasitizing Opsiphanes invirae amplificatus Stichel, 1904 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) in the province of Corrientes, Argentina
Authors: Gervazoni Paula Belén , Arbino Manuel Osvaldo
Published: December 2018

We report the first record of Conura (Conura) maculata (Fabricius, 1787) in the province of Corrientes, Argentina. A total of 85 adult wasps of C. maculata were obtained from 3 chrysalides of Opsiphanes invirae amplificatus Stichel, 1904, a lepidopteran pest of native and exotic palm trees. This is the first report of the occurrence of this parasitoid in the province of Corrientes, extending this species’ known distribution in the country. This is also the first report of the parasitoid-host interaction between these 2 species for Argentina.
New distribution records for Euspondylus excelsum Chávez, Catenazzi & Venegas, 2017 (Reptilia, Gymnophthalmidae, Cercosaurinae) in Peru
Authors: Lehr Edgar , Moravec Jiří , Whitworth Andrew , Villacampa Jaime , Cusi Juan Carlos , von May Rudolf
Published: December 2018

Euspondylus excelsum was described from 8 specimens from the Region Huánuco in central Peru. We obtained an adult female from the Region Junín and a subadult male (photo vouchers only) from the Region Madre de Dios. Our new records of E. excelsum extend the range of this species by 592 km to the south and increase the previously known elevational range from 1023–1159 m a.s.l. to 550–1550 m a.s.l. The adult female is the largest known specimen extending the maximum SVL to 90.1 mm. Our findings indicate that E. excelsum is relatively widely distributed in the montane forests and foothills of the eastern Andes. Its arboreal mode of life is probably one reason for its rarity and limited records during traditional field surveys.
Políticas curriculares para o Ensino Médio no sul do Brasil: possibilidades analíticas em torno do conhecimento escolar
Authors: Silva Roberto Rafael Dias da
Published: December 2018

Resumo O presente artigo examina as políticas curriculares para o Ensino Médio implementadas no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, no sul do Brasil, ao longo da última década. Ao situar-se no âmbito dos Estudos Curriculares, priorizam-se analiticamente as racionalidades políticas que operam nos processos de seleção dos conhecimentos a serem ensinados nas escolas. Através de uma análise de textos curriculares, em aproximação a uma leitura sociorrealista, constata-se que as políticas implementadas no referido contexto são engendradas a partir da interface entre os pressupostos da fabricação de padrões curriculares e a constituição de uma comunidade de aprendentes.
A PECULIARIDADE DO MAQUIAVELISMO INGLÊS: DAS ORIGENS AO SÉCULO XVII
Authors: Falcão Luís
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo visa explorar as especificidades da recepção de Maquiavel na Inglaterra em seus momentos iniciais. A partir das fontes originais, aborda as edições dos séculos XVI e XVII de “Discursos sobre a primeira década de Tito Lívio”, com seus prefácios e apresentações, em paralelo com a divulgação das ideias. Argumenta que, diferentemente do que ocorreu no continente, a chegada elogiosa e pioneira dos Discorsi, juntamente com o ambiente político do país, propiciou um Maquiavel defensor da liberdade e do bom governo. Apesar de extensa bibliografia sobre o tema, ainda não se concedeu a devida atenção a esse período, sobretudo em seu cotejo com a fama de Maquiavel na própria Itália e a disseminação editorial. Não obstante as críticas religiosas, suas obras sofreriam mais com a consolidação do direito natural em meados do século XVII e, com ele, o maquiavelismo inglês entraria em decadência.
O PEQUENO INVESTIDOR NA BOLSA BRASILEIRA: ASCENSÃO E QUEDA DE UM AGENTE ECONÔMICO
Authors: Bonaldi Eduardo Vilar
Published: December 2018

Mercados e agentes econômicos não surgem espontaneamente a partir de oportunidades para maximizar ganhos ou minimizar perdas. Diante do vertiginoso crescimento dos pequenos investidores na Bolsa brasileira entre os anos de valorização historicamente inédita do mercado acionário nacional (2003 a 2008), este artigo busca compreender a construção duplamente material e social desses novos agentes e as práticas de investimento no país, evidenciando: (1) a difusão dos discursos de legitimação do investimento acionário circulados no período; (2) os dispositivos tecnológicos que constituem a agência calculadora desses pequenos investidores que passam a adentrar o mercado; e (3) os modos e estilos de operação desses investidores na Bolsa. Na conclusão, o argumento acerca da construção duplamente material e social desses agentes é retomado e sintetizado, sendo discutido, por fim, como o contexto posterior à crise de 2008 se expressa através do sensível declínio da participação do público de pequenos investidores no volume financeiro movimentado na Bolsa brasileira.
A REPÚBLICA DEMOCRÁTICA DE MAQUIAVEL: UMA CRÍTICA À INTERPRETAÇÃO ANTI-INSTITUCIONALISTA
Authors: Silva Ricardo
Published: December 2018

O artigo elabora uma crítica da interpretação anti-institucionalista do republicanismo democrático de Maquiavel. Em oposição aos que atribuem ao florentino o compromisso com uma forma institucional destinada a canalizar e dar vazão a conflitos decorrentes da incorporação do povo na comunidade política, a interpretação anti-institucionalista sugere que a liberdade política, na república democrática de Maquiavel, identifica-se com eventos anteriores, exteriores e antagônicos à ordem jurídico-política. Examinando contribuições recentes de três autores exemplares dessa corrente interpretativa, o artigo demonstra que o erro comum entre eles consiste em negligenciar a preocupação central de Maquiavel com a manutenção de ordenações e leis adequadas a uma república democrática. Argumenta-se que, no plano da compreensão histórica, os obstáculos para a validação da interpretação anti-institucionalista revelam-se incontornáveis, quer segundo critérios metodológicos textualistas quer segundo critérios contextualistas.
Number of replicates and experimental precision statistics in corn
Authors: Cargnelutti Filho Alberto , Toebe Marcos , Alves Bruna Mendonça , Kleinpaul Jéssica Andiara , Neu Ismael Mario Marcio
Published: December 2018

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the number of replicates on experimental precision in corn (Zea mays). Data on the grain yield of 15 corn cultivars, evaluated in a randomized complete block design, with nine replicates (r = 9), were used. From the experiment with nine replicates, further experiments were conducted with combinations of 2, 3, ..., r-1 replicates. The analysis of variance was carried out for each experiment. Experimental precision statistics and central tendency and variability measures were calculated, dispersion diagrams were prepared, and models of these statistics were adjusted as a function of the number of replicates. The number of replicates was determined by the visual analysis of the graphs with the experimental precision statistics. Increasing the number of replicates improves the estimates of experimental precision but decreases gains. Therefore, the increase in the number of replicates is important to improve corn cultivar discrimination. Six replicates are recommended as the benchmark for experiments with corn cultivars. Fasoulas’ differentiation index, based on the percentage of significant contrasts, is an appropriate statistic for evaluating experimental precision.
Ileal digestibility of calcium and phosphorus in broilers fed diets with different phytases and Ca:available P ratios
Authors: Oliveira David Henrique de , Naves Luciana de Paula , Nardelli Nicole Batelli de Souza , Zangerônimo Márcio Gilberto , Rodrigues Paulo Borges
Published: December 2018

Abstract: The objective of this work was to determine the apparent ileal digestibility of calcium and phosphorus in broilers fed diets with different phytases and calcium:available phosphorus (Ca:aP) ratios. Two experiments were carried out: one with broilers with 22 to 33 days of age, and the other with broilers with 35 to 42 days. The Ca:aP ratios used were 4.5:1.0, 6.0:1.0, and 7.5:1.0 in the first period, and 3.5:1.0, 5.0:1.0, and 6.5:1.0 in the second. All diets were supplemented with 1,500 units of phytase activity per kilogram of six different sources of microbial phytase. At the end of each experiment, two broilers per replicate were slaughtered to collect the ileal content. In the samples of digested food, the Ca and P contents were determined for later calculation of the apparent ileal digestibility coefficients of these minerals. The Ca:aP ratio influenced the activity of phytases, and the highest digestibility was observed with lower ratios, in both experiments. The phytases that provided greater digestibility coefficients were A, D, and E. In both ages evaluated, the inclusion of phytases in the feed improved the digestibility of Ca and P, which was also affected by the content of calcium and by the phytase source used.
Laser biosensor use for the microbial metabolic activity assessment of kefir vinegar
Authors: Magalhães-Guedes Karina Teixeira , Viana Roberta Oliveira , Braga Junior Roberto Alves , Dias Disney Ribeiro , Ferreira Camila Duarte , Nunes Itaciara Larroza , Schwan Rosane Freitas
Published: December 2018

Abstract: The objective of this work was to verify the use of a laser biosensor for the microbial metabolic activity assessment of kefir vinegar. Kefir grains were inoculated in apple must and were analyzed daily using the biospeckle technique. The initial biological activity was of 14.21 pixels per absolute value of differences (AVD). The biological activity of kefir grains decreased in the early days of fermentation and increased on the fourth day to 11.51 pixels per AVD; however, on the last day, the biological activity of kefir grains decreased to 7.12 pixels (alcoholic fermentation) and to 6.77 pixels per AVD (acetic fermentation). This new biospeckle methodology facilitates the microbiological control in fermentation processes.
The use of active modified atmosphere for the conservation of minimally processed eggplant
Authors: Nasser Mauricio D , Mariano-Nasser Flávia Aparecida C , Borges Cristine V , Kovalski Tânia Regina , Furlaneto Karina Aparecida , Vieites Rogério L
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to evaluate effects of different gas concentrations (O2 and CO2) on conservation of minimally processed eggplants. The eggplants were sanitized, processed and packed in nylon + transparent polyethylene. The vegetables were submitted to modified atmospheres (T1= atmospheric air; T2= vacuum; T3= 4% O2 and 5% CO2; T4= 4% O2 and 6% CO2; T5= 4% O2 and 7% CO2; T6= 4% O2 and 8% CO2). The minimally processed eggplants were kept at 5±1°C and 90±1% RH, for 10 days. After 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days of storage, fresh weight loss, respiratory rate, color, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), pH, SS/TA ratio, visual analysis and purchase intent were determined. We used completely randomized experimental design, in a factorial scheme 6x6 (atmosphere x days of conservation). The atmosphere with higher CO2 concentration (8%) reduced the respiratory rate more intensely. The minimally processed eggplant maintained at 4% O2 + 6% CO2 obtained better grades on the visual analysis and purchase intention, with 10-day storage period. The vacuum was not recommended to keep minimally processed eggplant refrigerated under the studied conditions.
Seed physiological potential of “dedo-de-moça” pepper in relation to maturation stages and rest periods of the fruits
Authors: Gonçalves Leandro SA , Gomes Gisely Paula , Damasceno Junior Clério Valentin , Queiroz Robison Alessandro de , Takahashi Lucia SA , Costa Denis S da , Nunes Maria PBA
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT One of the main problems in pepper seed production is the uneven maturation of the fruits due to the continuous flowering period of the plant, making it difficult to harvest all the fruits at the same time. Thus, studies on fruit maturation stage and seed physiological potential are extremely important in order to identify the appropriate harvest time, avoiding seed deterioration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological potential of five genotypes of “dedo de moça” pepper seeds (Capsicum baccatum var. pendulum) in three maturation stages (green, orange and red), with and without 10-day rest period after harvest date. Physiological potential and vigor of seeds were evaluated through germination tests (first count, accelerated aging and electrical conductivity). The observed results were submitted to variance analysis, comparing averages through Tukey test and principal components analysis. In general, red fruits reflected seed maturity since they provided maximum germination. On the other hand, even fruits harvested at a maturation stage prior to red (green and orange), showed the benefits of the rest periods on germination and vigor characteristics, being this result more evident in green fruits which, initially, had lower physiological potential. The evaluated genotypes showed lower physiological potential of fruits harvested at the green stage, without 10-day rest period.
Enhanced-efficiency phosphorus fertilizer: promising technology for carrot crop
Authors: Pelá Adilson , Ribeiro Matheus A , Bento Rafael U , Cirino Luiz HB , Reis Júnior Roberto A
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT Several studies were carried out to evaluate polymer-coated mineral fertilizers; however, few studies, on the agronomic efficiency of these fertilizers in the field in carrot crop, are available. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the use of enhanced-efficiency phosphorus fertilizer coated with polymers in carrot (Daucus carota). The experiment was carried out in field, in Ipameri-GO. The experimental design was randomized blocks, arranged in an incomplete factorial design (5x2)+1, considering five phosphorus doses (150, 300, 450, 600 and 750 ha-1 kg P2O5), two P sources [conventional MAP (monoammonium phosphate) and polymer-coated MAP (Policote)] and one additional treatment (control, without P). The evaluated traits were plant height, root length, root diameter, total productivity, marketable root classes, agronomic efficiency of phosphate fertilization and P content in the roots. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and regression. Phosphate fertilization did not influence the P content in carrot roots, but increased plant height, root length and diameter and yield of carrot roots. Polymer-coated phosphate increased plant height, length, diameter and productivity of carrot roots, when compared to conventional fertilizer. Carrot productivity was, on average, 15.5% higher with polymer-coated P source (39.42 t ha-1) than with the conventional P source (34.11 t ha-1). Marketable roots were also improved with the use of polymer-coated phosphate fertilizer. Phosphate fertilizer coated with polymer increased the agronomic efficiency of phosphate fertilization in the carrot crop.
BRS Tui: a new Biquinho-type pepper cultivar released by Embrapa
Authors: Ribeiro Cláudia S da C , Carvalho Sabrina Isabel C de , Heinrich Ana Gláucia , Reifschneider Francisco José B
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT The orange-fleshed Biquinho pepper type cultivar BRS Tui was developed by Embrapa Hortaliças to meet the demands of fresh fruit and processing agroindustry of preserves, jellies, flavored oils and vinegar markets. Its fruits are very aromatic, tasty, and crunchy. It is resistant to important diseases, and presents high yield, uniformity and fruit quality. Moreover, ‘BRS Tui’ fruits are sweet and serve consumers who do not consume hot peppers because of their pungency.
“TUDO PELO BRASIL; TUDO PELA RAÇA”: A FRENTE NEGRA CARIOCA
Authors: Domingues Petrônio
Published: December 2018

Resumo A Frente Negra no Rio de Janeiro tinha por finalidade envidar esforços pela elevação social, política, cultural e moral dos afro-brasileiros. Para tanto, animou ações coletivas, preconizou narrativas de igualdade, interveio na agenda nacional, estabelecendo diálogos com setores da sociedade carioca. A pretensão deste artigo é reconstituir alguns aspectos da trajetória dessa associação à luz de suas aspirações e formas de organização, luta e identidade.
ARCHITECTURES OF DEMOCRACY: HOUSING MOVEMENTS AND PROGRESSIVE ARCHITECTS IN SÃO PAULO (1970-1990)
Authors: Bortoluci José Henrique
Published: December 2018

Abstract From the late 1970s until the early 1990s, the issue of the right to housing in São Paulo’s peripheral neighborhoods was pursued side by side with a questioning of the political character of design and construction techniques and an attempt to reframe the construction site as a space of cooperation and political education. This article addresses how this articulation between architects and urban social movements led to an innovation of organizational practices within those movements, transformations in the field of architecture, and the local emergence of the idea of the “right to architecture.”
ASSOCIATIVISMO DE MORADORES DE FAVELAS CARIOCAS E CRIMINALIZAÇÃO
Authors: Rocha Lia de Mattos
Published: December 2018

Resumo Neste artigo, articulo diversos momentos de trabalho de campo qualitativo em favelas cariocas para investigar as dinâmicas de negociação entre os dirigentes de associações dessas localidades e os agentes civis e militares do poder público, notadamente durante o Programa de “Pacificação” de Favelas, iniciado em 2008. Argumento que o silenciamento e o rebaixamento da crítica dos moradores são operados através da desqualificação desses, e nessa operação, a criminalização é um elemento fundamental. Concluo discutindo como silenciar, disciplinar e criminalizar compõem o repertório do governo dos pobres nas periferias urbanas e seus efeitos para a democracia.
Prevalence of Burnout and Career Satisfaction Among Oncologists in China: A National Survey
Authors: Ma Shuxiang , Huang Yan , Yang Yunpeng , Ma Yuxiang , Zhou Ting , Zhao Hongyun , Chen Likun , Zhou Ningning , Zhang Li
Published: December 2018

Background

Burnout and career satisfaction has been extensively studied among U.S. and European oncologists, although little is known about the situation among Chinese oncologists. Therefore, we conducted this national survey to investigate the prevalence of burnout and career satisfaction among Chinese oncologists.

Patients and Methods

Between September 2015 and December 2016, a cross-sectional field survey was conducted through the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology and the Chinese Committee of Rehabilitation and Palliative Care. The full-length survey consisted of 59 questions investigating personal and professional characteristics and standardized instruments to measure burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey) and career satisfaction. An additional six questions, derived from the National Survey on the Practice of Medicine by Chinese Physicians related to burnout or career satisfaction, were also included.

Results

In total, 3,500 oncologists received the questionnaire, and 2,700 (77.1%) responded, of whom 1,620 (46.3%) were eligible for analysis (median age, 36 years; 56.1% male). Overall, 827 oncologists (51.0%) were burned out. Five factors (lower curative rate of patients, more hours devoted to patient care, more nights on call per week, fewer minutes allocated for return outpatient visits, and more weekends rounding per year) were associated with burnout. Meanwhile, burnout was also strongly associated with a negative view of the physician-patient relationship (p < .001; odds ratio [OR], 2.07). Notably, the career satisfaction (34.4% for career and 52.1% for specialty) of Chinese oncologists was far less than U.S. colleagues, which may result from low compensation (p < .001; OR, 1.660).

Conclusion

The overall prevalence of burnout among oncologists in China was similar to oncologists in the U.S., whereas personal accomplishment and career satisfaction were lower. Interestingly, the reasons were different. Beside high workload, the low curative rate of patients was found to be another factor associated with Chinese physicians’ burnout. The ongoing Chinese health care system reform may improve the current situation.
Outcomes and Toxicities of Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) Inhibitors in Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients in the United States: A Real-World, Multicenter Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Bair Steven M. , Strelec Lauren E. , Feldman Tatyana A. , Ahmed Gulrayz , Armand Philippe , Shah Nirav N. , Singavi Arun N. , Reddy Nishitha , Khan Nadia , Andreadis Charalambos , Vu Khoan , Huntington Scott F. , Giri Smith , Ujjani Chaitra , Howlett Christina , Faheem Malik , Youngman Matthew R. , Nasta Sunita D. , Landsburg Daniel J. , Schuster Stephen J. , Svoboda Jakub
Published: December 2018

Background

Although classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is highly curable, 20%–30% of patients will not be cured with conventional treatments. The programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors (PD-1i) nivolumab and pembrolizumab have been Food and Drug Administration-approved for relapsed/refractory (R/R) cHL. There is limited data on the real-world experience with PD-1i in cHL and it is unknown whether fewer selected patients treated with PD-1i derive benefits similar to those observed in published trials.

Materials and Methods

We performed a multicenter, retrospective analysis of R/R cHL patients treated with PD-1i in the nontrial setting. The primary objective was to describe progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in this population. Secondary objectives were to characterize response rates, toxicities, discontinuation patterns, and post-PD-1i therapies.

Results

The study included 53 patients from nine U.S. centers. Overall response rate (ORR), complete response (CR), and partial response (PR) to PD-1i were 68%, 45%, and 23%, respectively. Twelve-month OS and PFS were 89% and 75%, respectively; median PFS was 29 months. Ninety-six percent of patients with CR continue to respond at a median follow-up of 20 months. Toxicities were similar to those previously described. Seventy percent of patients treated with systemic therapy after PD-1i demonstrated objective responses.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this analysis is the first describing real-world experience with PD-1i in cHL patients in the U.S. Here, we demonstrate similar response rates compared to prior studies. The toxicity profile of PD-1i was similar to that seen in previous studies; we further describe toxicity patterns in those with prior autoimmune disease or allogeneic transplant. Post-PD-1i systemic therapies appear active. These results support the effectiveness and tolerability of PD-1i therapy in R/R cHL in a real-world setting.
Characteristic values of geotechnical parameters in Eurocode 7
Authors: Prästings Anders , Spross Johan , Larsson Stefan
Published: December 2018

Lack of harmonisation between reliability-based design and the partial factor method in Eurocode 7 (EN 1997-1:2004) is preventing the widespread introduction of a risk-based concept in geotechnical design. This paper discusses how uncertainties are managed according to EN 1997-1:2004 and possible implications of not harmonising the current safety format with reliability-based design. One of several challenges highlighted is how EN 1997-1:2004 defines the characteristic value and design value. The characteristic value is therein defined based on a classical frequentist approach through a confidence interval. From a Bayesian point of view, the current definition does not treat the characteristic value as an uncertain variable. Consequently, the definitions of the characteristic value and design value in EN 1997-1:2004 feature weak connections between uncertainties in the geotechnical properties and the consequences of failure, as regulated by the target reliability index.
Asking questions
Authors: Seth Katyayni
Published: December 2018

Household surveys are one of the primary methodological tools employed in global health research. In this paper, I try to gain insight into the production of global health knowledge by elaborating upon the process of data collection for such surveys. I do so by narrating a story of an impact evaluation in northern India, drawing attention to how data collectors, called ‘enumerators’, follow or disregard different aspects of the research protocol while conducting survey interviews. I pay close attention to how enumerators translate and ask questions, and how the ethical challenges they face affect their interactions with respondents. I use this analysis to draw parallels between the work of enumerators and global health researchers. I argue that researchers also acknowledge or ‘unknow’ different aspects of research practice in order to produce scientific evidence and claim expertise.
Birthing a mother
Authors: Siermann Maria
Published: December 2018

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Relocating obesity with multiauthor ethnography
Authors: Reichardt Elliott Michael
Published: December 2018

Reflecting on the World Health Organization’s (WHO) account of obesity and recent developments in ethnography, I advocate for a collaborative, multiauthor approach to studying obesity and, more broadly, chronic disease. To illustrate this, I show how recent ethnographies of obesity and metabolism have convincingly challenged and reframed the WHO’s account of obesity. I further suggest that future ethnographic studies of obesity (and chronic disease) could expand their analytical scope – without sacrificing a critical and people-centred approach – through coordination and collaboration. A multiauthor approach to obesity research would increase the capacity of ethnography to demonstrate the many conditions that must be fulfilled for a person to become ‘obese’, productively foregrounding how ‘obesity’ emerges out of a web of social, economic, political, chemical, and historical connections. This would enable a more comprehensive understanding of the uneven emergence of obesity (and other chronic diseases) worldwide.
Calculo de la generación de biogás para el relleno sanitario de la ciudad de Juliaca, utilizando el modelo LandGEM Versión 3.02 de la USEPA y estimación del potencial de producción eléctrica
Authors: MADRIGAL PÉREZ GLEN BRYAN , QUISPE SAAVEDRA JUAN JOSE , VARGAS HUAMAN YOEL MODESTO
Published: December 2018

Los vertederos y rellenos sanitarios constituyen una fuente importante de biogás resultado de la descomposición del proceso biológico de residuos sólidos orgánicos, conformado principalmente por CH4 y CO2. Existen  modelos matemáticos que permiten estimar la producción de biogás en la fuente final de los residuos sólidos municipales (RSM). Por ello, el objetivo de esta investigacion fue estimar la produccion del biogas en fuente del relleno sanitario que se construirá para la ciudad de Juliaca consiederando los residuos sólidos orgánicos que se encuentran en él, para ello se aplicó el modelo “Landfill Gas Emissions Model” (LandGEM, version 3.02). Según nuestros resultados se podrían generar 1.226.945.217 m3 de biogás con una media de 29.925.493,10 m3 de biogás/año llegando a su producción máxima en el año 2044 con 58.285.801,66 m3 biogás/año. En cuanto a la energía total de cogeneración, se estima que podrían  llegar a una capacidad máxima de 284.113 MWh/año en el año 2044, además de que la media de producción es de 145.871 MWh/año de los cuales 82.721 MWh/año corresponden a energía térmica y 63.151 MWh/año a energía eléctrica.
First Confirmed Record for the Lepomis gibbosus (L., 1758) in The Lower Sakarya River Basin (Turkey)
Authors: Reis İsmail , Cerim Hasan , Ateş Celal
Published: December 2018

This paper is the first reference of pumpkinseed (Lepomis
gibbosus) in the lower Sakarya River basin (Turkey). The data were obtained
from samplings carried out between April 2017 and July 2017. L. gibbosus
is currently found in only two regions of Turkey, its introduced range is
expanding rapidly, and for this reason it is important to monitor the impacts
of this introduced species on natural ecosystems.