bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Mycophenolic Acid by Palladium‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Shimizu Isao , Lee Youngmin , Fujiwara Yasunari
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Fabrication of SrRuO3 Powders and Thin Films by Metalorganic Decomposition.
Authors: Mercurio J. P. , Yi J. H. , Manier M. , Thomas P.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bilayer Formation in Metal Carboxylate Structures. Results from the Cambridge Structural Database
Authors: Vela Michael J. , Foxman Bruce M.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Steroidal 1,2‐Oxazoles. Synthesis and Biological Activity
Authors: Drach S. V. , Litvinovskaya R. P. , Khripach V. A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Progress in the Preparation of Organo‐Fluorine Compounds Using HF or HF‐Base Molten Salts
Authors: Yoneda Norihiko
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Fluoroalkanoyl Peroxides, 1980—1998
Authors: Sawada Hideo
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorinated Cyclopropanes
Authors: Taguchi Takeo , Okada Midori
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Dynamics of Cationic Organic π‐Complexes
Authors: Borodkin I. , Shubin V. G.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Photofluorochromic Spiro Compounds and Their Application
Authors: Barachevsky V. A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Advanced Experimental Approach to Model Studies of Supported Metal Particle Systems
Authors: Poppa Helmut
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Some New Radical Reactions for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Quiclet‐Sire Beatrice , Zard Samir Z.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Boron—Carbon “Ligands” Stabilized in Rare Earth Metal Solid State Compounds: A Theoretical Approach
Authors: Halet Jean‐Francois
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tin NMR Based Methodologies and Their Use in Structural Tin Chemistry
Authors: Martins J. C. , Biesemans M. , Willem R.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Principles of Polysaccharide Gels
Authors: Tako Masakuni
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Crystal Structure of SrCaCrF7.
Authors: Holler H. , Babel D.
Published: June 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Microwave‐Accelerated Synthesis of 4‐Chlorotetrahydropyrans by Bismuth(III) Chloride.
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Reddy B. V. Subba , Venugopal Ch. , Srinivas R. , Ramalingam T.
Published: June 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Capillary circular dichroism
Authors: Waldron Daniel E. , Marrington Rachel , Grant Marcus C. , Hicks Matthew R. , Rodger Alison
Published: June 2010

Circular dichroism (CD) has become an increasingly important tool in the study of biological molecules as it enables structural information to be obtained nondestructively on solution‐phase samples. However, sample requirements for CD are often seen as being too high with protein backbone measurements in standard cuvettes typically requiring ∼100–300 μL of 0.1 mg/ml protein. To address this issue, we have designed a new form of CD sample holder, which reduces the sample requirements of the technique by two orders of magnitude, with a sample requirement of less than 3 μl. This sample saving has been achieved through the use of extruded quartz capillaries, the sample being held within the internal diameter of the quartz capillary through capillary action. The extruded quartz capillaries exhibit remarkably little birefringence, although still transmitting high energy UV circularly polarized light. The optics associated with capillaries were investigated. A configuration has been adopted with the light beam of the spectrophotometer being focused in front of the front face of the capillary using a biconvex lens and advantage being taken of the additional focusing effect of the capillary itself. The focusing is vital to the low wavelength performance of the cell, where we have acquired reliable data down to 180 nm using a Jasco J‐815 spectrophotometer. The system performance was validated with Na[Co(EDDS)].H2O (EDDS = N,N‐ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid), concanavalin A, lysozyme, and progesterone. Chirality, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organische Solarzellen. Energie der Zukunft
Authors: Wöhrle Dieter , Hild Olaf R.
Published: June 2010

Photovoltaischen Solarzellen kommt bei der zunehmenden Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien durch das hohe Angebot an solarer Einstrahlung besondere Bedeutung zu. Daher wird neben den bewährten anorganischen Solarzellen auch an der Entwicklung von preiswerteren Solarzellen gearbeitet, die organische Materialien als aktive Verbindungen für die Energieumwandlung verwenden. Der Artikel beschreibt Aufbau und Funktionsweise von Farbstoffsensibilisierungs‐Solarzellen und organischen Feststoff‐Solarzellen. Für Vergleiche und zum Verständnis dieser Zellen ist es notwendig, auch einige Aspekte der Photosynthese und der anorganischen Solarzellen kurz zu behandeln. Damit wird insgesamt ein Einblick in solare Energieumwandlungssysteme unter Berücksichtigung aktueller Entwicklungen gegeben.
Die Farbe des Weins
Authors: Feil Sylvia
Published: June 2010

Reift ein junger Rotwein, verdunkelt sich seine Farbe. Welchen Einfluss ein Barrique‐Ausbau auf die chemischen Prozesse der Weinreifung hat, beschäftigte französische Chemiker aus Avignon und der Region Bordeaux.
Hoch stereoselektive Wittig‐analoge Olefinierungsreaktion
Authors: Doye Sven
Published: June 2010

Die Wittig‐Reaktion ist eine der wichtigsten präparativen Methoden zur stereoselektiven Herstellung von 1, 2‐disubstituierten Alkenen, wobei als Ausgangsmaterialien Aldehyde und meist in situ generierte Phosphonium‐Ylide zum Einsatz kommen. Die Stereoselektivität der Reaktion, also die Frage, ob sich das E‐ oder das Z‐Alken bildet, wird hierbei in der Regel durch die Art des Phosphonium‐Ylids bestimmt.
Zucker an Kieselsäure präbiotisch
Authors: Jaenicke Lothar
Published: June 2010

Da logischerweise niemand zugeschaut hat, als Gott die Welt erschuf, sind wir auf Vermutungen, Extrapolationen und Modelle angewiesen, wie denn wohl am wahrscheinlichsten die ersten “primordialen” (und optisch aktiven!) organischen (also Kohlenstoff‐haltigen) Biomoleküle entstanden, aus denen die Lebewesen heute aufgebaut sind. Man ist sich nicht einmal gewiss, wie die geochemischen Verhältnisse auf Erden “damals” waren.
Das Aquarius‐Wassermuseum in Mülheim‐Styrum
Authors: Schwedt Georg
Published: June 2010

Der Ruhrindustrielle August Thyssen ließ zur Versorgung seiner Walzwerke und Zechen 1892/93 in der Nähe der Ruhr in Mülheim‐Styrum einen Wasserspeicher errichten. 100 Jahre später wurde er als Wissensspeicher in das Wassermuseum Aquarius umgewandelt. An den nach dem Vorbild eines Wehrturms – neben dem ehemaligen Schloss Styrum (heute Restaurant, früher Direktorenvilla der Firma Thyssen) – erbauten Wasserturm wurde ein zweiter gläserner Turm mit Aufzug errichtet.
Arachnes Geheimnis
Authors: Meichsner Beate
Published: June 2010

Es sind keine versponnenen Wissenschaftler, die sich mit Spinnenseide befassen, denn das Produkt der achtbeinigen Tierchen ist weit mehr als ein wissenschaftlich hoch interessantes Naturprodukt. Wegen seiner beeindruckenden Materialeigenschaften könnte es den Weg zu neuen Kunstfasern weisen – wenn man denn genau wüsste, wie die Spinne ihren Faden eigentlich spinnt. Der Antwort auf diese Frage sind Wissenschaftler der Technischen Universität München und der Universität Bayreuth nun einen großen Schritt näher gekommen.
A data‐centered collaboration portal to support global carbon‐flux analysis
Authors: Agarwal Deborah A. , Humphrey Marty , Beekwilder Norm F. , Jackson Keith R. , Goode Monte M. , van Ingen Catharine
Published: June 2010

Carbon‐climate, like other environmental sciences, has been changing. Large‐scale synthesis studies are becoming more common. These synthesis studies are often conducted by science teams that are geographically distributed and on data sets that are global in scale. A broad array of collaboration and data analytics tools are now available that could support these science teams. However, building tools that scientists actually use is difficult. Also, moving scientists from an informal collaboration structure to one mediated by technology often exposes inconsistencies in the understanding of the rules of engagement between collaborators. We have developed a scientific collaboration portal, calledfluxdata.org, which serves the community of scientists providing and analyzing the global FLUXNET carbon‐flux synthesis data set. The key things we learned or re‐learned during our portal development include: minimize the barrier to entry, provide features on a just‐in‐time basis, development of requirements is an on‐going process, provide incentives to change leaders and leverage the opportunity they represent, automate as much as possible, and you can only learn how to make it better if people depend on it enough to give you feedback. In addition, we also learned that splitting the portal roles between scientists and computer scientists improved user adoption and trust. The fluxdata.org portal has now been in operation for ∼2 years and has become central to the FLUXNET synthesis efforts. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Almost Ideal 1D Water Diffusion in Imogolite Nanotubes Evidenced by NMR Relaxometry
Authors: Belorizky Elie , Fries Pascal H. , Guillermo Armel , Poncelet Olivier
Published: June 2010

The longitudinal proton relaxation ratesR1of water diffusing inside synthetic aluminium silicate imogolite nanotubes are measured by fast field‐cycling NMR for frequencies between 0.02 and 35 MHz at 25, 37 and 50 °C. We give analytical expressions of the dominant intermolecular dipolar spin–spin contribution toR1and to the transverse relaxation rateR2. A remarkable variation ofR1by more than two orders of magnitude is observed and shown to be close to the theoretical law, inversely proportional to the square root of the resonance frequency, which is characteristic of perfect molecular 1D diffusion. The physics of diffusion is discussed.
Type D personality and posttraumatic stress disorder in victims of violence: a cross‐sectional exploration
Authors: Kunst M. J. J. , Bogaerts S. , Winkel F. W.
Published: June 2010

The current study explored the relationship between type D personality and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among victims of violence (n = 189). The basic premise underlying the type D concept is that it is not the experience of negative emotions per se that renders individuals at risk of maladjustment in the face of adversity, but the way they are dealt with. Particularly the combination of high negative affectivity and social inhibition (i.e., the non‐expression of emotions and inhibition of behaviours in social interactions) is assumed to be maladaptive. It was hypothesized that a high score on negative affectivity (i.e., above a pre‐determined cut‐off score) would only contribute to PTSD in the presence of a high score on social inhibition (also above a pre‐determined cut‐off score). Univariate results indicated that type D subjects (type Ds) reported higher PTSD symptom levels than those characterized by high negative affectivity/low social inhibition or low negative affectivity. Type Ds more often suffered from probable PTSD than non‐type Ds. In multivariate analyses, type D personality was associated with an increased risk of probable PTSD above and beyond background variables, while high negative affectivity/low social inhibition was not. Results were discussed in light of victim support practices and study limitations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message:

• Victims of violence with type D personality are more prone to report symptom levels that indicate diagnosis of PTSD.

• Victim support interventions should be tailored to help victims with type D personality to maintain their existing social networks, for example through support groups only accessible to victims and close relatives or friends.
Prospective comparison of two flow cytometry methodologies for monitoring minimal residual disease in a multicenter treatment protocol of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Luria Drorit , Rosenthal Eti , Steinberg David , Kodman Yona , Safanaiev Marina , Amariglio Ninette , Avigad Smadar , Stark Batia , Izraeli Shai ,   for the Israel National Study Group of Childhood ALL
Published: June 2010

Background:

Minimal residual disease (MRD) is a powerful prognostic indicator in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Multiparametric flow cytometry (FC) is a rapid and sensitive methodology for detection of MRD, applicable for most patients and is being incorporated in multicenter treatment protocols. The influence of different techniques and of individual interpretation of data on the interlaboratory variability in FC‐MRD determinations has not been described.

Methods:

We compared FC‐MRD of identical bone marrow samples processed as either Ficoll separated mononuclear cells or lyse and wash nucleated cells (NC) in two central laboratories of a national multicenter childhood ALL study. A total of 290 samples at diagnosis and 494 follow‐up samples (Day‐15 n = 261; Day‐33 n = 233) were analyzed. A group of 52 paired list mode data (LMD) of D‐15 and D‐33 samples was blindly reanalyzed by both laboratories.

Results:

Pearson correlations for all samples of D‐15 (n = 261) and D‐33 (n = 233) were 0.875 and 0.82, respectively (P < 0.001), being lower for T‐ALL 0.716 and 0.719, respectively. Quantitative concordance defined as less than 0.5 log difference in MRD measured by the two methodologies was 80.8% at D‐15 but only in 57.9% at D‐33. Reanalysis of LMD revealed that data interpretation explained half of the discordance.

Conclusions:

FC‐MRD analysis of childhood ALL is a robust method during the earliest phases of induction therapy in a multicentric setting. Standardization of data analysis could improve about half of the discordance between different technical approaches. © 2010 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Cover Picture: Eur. J. Immunol. 6/10
Authors: Makler Oryan , Oved Kfir , Netzer Nir , Wolf Dana , Reiter Yoram
Published: June 2010

The cover image of this issue consists of confocal images of cytomegalovirus‐infected human fibroblast cells stained for HLA‐A2/pp65 complexes, taken from Makler et al. (pp. 1552–1565). In this article, the authors use antibodies that mimic TCR specificity to directly visualize the dynamics of antigen presentation in these cells. The authors show that, following infection, large intracellular pools of HLA‐A2/pp65 complexes are localized to the Golgi. Interestingly, these large pools are sequestered inside infected cells and only a small portion of them are exported to the cell surface.
2,4,6‐Triacetylphlorogucinol as Threefold Symmetric Bridging Ligand: Synthesis, Structure and Magnetic Properties of the Copper Complex
Authors: Spielberg Eike T. , Plass Winfried
Published: June 2010

It is shown that 2,4,6‐triacetylphlorogucinol (H3tapg) can be utilized as C3‐symmetric tritopic bridging ligand, that can be regarded as an annulated threefold acetylacetonate. Together with 2‐[bis(2‐hydroxyethyl)amino]ethylamine (H2bhea) as capping ligand the corresponding trinuclear copper complex [Cu3(tapg)(H2bhea)3](ClO4)3 has been synthesized as the first example. The compound crystallizes in the trigonal space group R3c with the complex cation located on a threefold rotation axis. Magnetic measurements reveal a ferromagnetic coupling between the copper centers, which are transmitted through the bridging tapg3– ligand by a spin‐polarization mechanism.
Cationic Carbenoid Rearrangement of 2‐Phenyl Substituted gem‐Dihalogenospiropentanes
Authors: Sedenkova Kseniya N. , Averina Elena B. , Grishin Yuri K. , Rybakov Victor B. , Kuznetzova Tamara S. , Zefirov Nikolay S.
Published: June 2010

The series of 2‐phenyl‐ and 2,2‐diphenyl gem‐dihalogenospiropentanes were employed as model compounds to study the carbenoid rearrangement with the use of methyllithium. The scope and limitations of this skeletal rearrangement are outlined and its mechanism is discussed.
Asymmetric Aza‐Morita–Baylis–Hillman Reactions of Alkyl Vinyl Ketones with N‐Protected Imines or In Situ Generated N‐Protected Imines
Authors: Guan Xiao‐Yang , Wei Yin , Shi Min
Published: June 2010

DABCO‐catalyzed aza‐MBH reactions of N‐Boc imines with MVK and EVK have been thoroughly investigated in the paper. The asymmetric version of this aza‐MBH reaction was also systematically investigated by using a chiral amine or a chiral phosphane catalyst. It was found that most of the N‐protected imines are suitable substrates under the mild reaction conditions and are able to give the corresponding adducts in moderate yields with high ee values. The TQO‐ or LB1‐catalyzed aza‐MBH reactions of N‐protected α‐amidoalkyl phenyl sulfones or α‐amidoalkyl p‐tolyl sulfones with MVK could be well conducted, which provides a facile and direct route to obtain highly enantioselective aza‐MBH adducts. The Boc protecting group of the aza‐MBH product could be easily removed under acidic conditions to give the corresponding α‐methylene‐β‐amino ketone or α‐methylene‐β‐amino alcohol derivatives in good yields.
Stability Improvement of Prussian Blue by a Protective Cellulose Acetate Membrane for Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing in Neutral Media
Authors: Wu Shuoguo , Liu Jinping , Bai Xue , Tan Wenguang
Published: June 2010

The cellulose acetate covered Prussian blue modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE/PB/CA) was fabricated as a novel hydrogen peroxide sensor. It was shown by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) that Prussian blue was covered and protected by cellulose acetate perfectly. The modified electrode showed a good electrocatalytic activity for H2O2 reduction in neutral aqueous solution. H2O2 was detected amperometrically in 0.05 mol/L phosphate buffer solutions (pH 7.0, containing 0.1 mol/L KCl as supporting electrolyte) at an applied potential of −0.2 V (vs. SCE). The response current was proportional to the concentration of H2O2 in the range of 1.0×10−5 mol/L to 2.5×10−4 mol/L with the detection limit of 2.2×10−6 mol/L at a signal to noise ratio 3.
Construction of a Novel Glucose Biosensor Based on Covalent Immobilization of Glucose Oxidase on Poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐vinylferrocene)
Authors: Şenel Mehmet , Abasıyanık M. Fatih
Published: June 2010

A novel glucose biosensor was constructed via direct covalent attachment of glucose oxidase onto epoxy group containing polymeric electron transfer mediator, Poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐vinylferrocene). A copolymer of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and vinylferrocene (VFc) with different molar ratios has been prepared by free radical copolymerization. These copolymers have been utilized as polymeric mediators for amperometric glucose sensing. The catalytic electrochemistry of the enzyme electrode with the copolymer was investigated. Copolymer acts as an electron transfer mediator between the redox center of Glucose oxidase (GOx) and the electrode. The stability, reusability, pH and temperature response of the biosensor as well as its kinetic parameter have also been studied.
Neural correlates of pantomiming familiar and unfamiliar tools: Action semantics versus mechanical problem solving?
Authors: Vingerhoets Guy , Vandekerckhove Elisabeth , Honoré Pieterjan , Vandemaele Pieter , Achten Eric
Published: June 2010

This study aims to reveal the neural correlates of planning and executing tool use pantomimes and explores the brain's response to pantomiming the use of unfamiliar tools. Sixteen right‐handed volunteers planned and executed pantomimes of equally graspable familiar and unfamiliar tools while undergoing fMRI. During the planning of these pantomimes, we found bilateral temporo‐occipital and predominantly left hemispheric frontal and parietal activation. The execution of the pantomimes produced additional activation in frontal and sensorimotor regions. In the left posterior parietal region both familiar and unfamiliar tool pantomimes elicit peak activity in the anterior portion of the lateral bank of the intraparietal sulcus—A region associated with the representation of action goals. The cerebral activation during these pantomimes is remarkably similar for familiar and unfamiliar tools, and direct comparisons revealed only few differences. First, the left cuneus is significantly active during the planning of pantomimes of unfamiliar tools, reflecting increased visual processing of the novel objects. Second, executing (but not planning) familiar tool pantomimes showed significant activation on the convex portion of the inferior parietal lobule, a region believed to serve as a repository for skilled object‐related gestures. Given the striking similarity in brain activation while pantomiming familiar and unfamiliar tools, we argue that normal subjects use both action semantics and function from structure inferences simultaneously and interactively to give rise to flexible object‐to‐goal directed behavior. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plasma membrane insertion of TRPC5 channels contributes to the cholinergic plateau potential in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons
Authors: Tai Chao , Hines Dustin J. , Choi Hyun B. , MacVicar Brian A.
Published: June 2010

In cultured hippocampal neurons, transient receptor potential 5 (TRPC5) channels are translocated and inserted into plasma membranes of hippocampal neurons to generate nonselective cation (NSC) currents. We investigated whether TRPC5 channel translocation also contributes to the generation of NSC currents underlying the afterdepolarizations and plateau potentials (PPs) in hippocampal pyramidal cells that are induced by muscarinic receptor activation. Using a biotinylation assay to quantify the change in surface membrane proteins in acute hippocampal slices, we found that muscarinic stimulation significantly enhanced the levels of TRPC5 protein on the membrane surface but not those of TRPC1 or TRPC4 channels. We then investigated the pharmacological sensitivity of the cation current observed during muscarinic stimulation to determine if a component could be due to TRPC5 channels. The TRPC channel antagonists 2‐APB and SKF96365 strongly depressed the generation of PPs, the underlying tail currents (Itail) and the associated dendritic Ca2+ influx induced by muscarinic receptor activation in pyramidal neurons. High intracellular concentrations of ATP, which specifically inhibit TRPC5 channels, depressed Itail. In addition, pretreatment with the calmodulin (CaM) inhibitor W‐7, which depresses recombinant TRPC5 currents, inhibited both the cation current (Itail) and the surface insertion of TRPC5 channels. Finally, the phosphatidylinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitor wortmannin, which blocks translocation of TRPC5 channels in cell culture, also inhibited both the Itail and the surface insertion of TRPC5 channels. Therefore, we conclude that insertion of TRPC5 channels contributes to the generation of the prolonged afterdepolarizations following muscarinic stimulation. This altered plasma membrane expression of TRPC5 channels in pyramidal neurons may play an important role in the generation of prolonged neuronal depolarization and bursting during the epileptiform seizure discharges of epilepsy. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Volume of a liquid drop detaching from a sphere
Authors: Katoh Kenji , Iyota Hiroyuki , Inoue Tamotsu , Tsujino Tomoya
Published: June 2010

A theoretical and experimental study is conducted to investigate the detached volume from a pendant drop on the surface of a sphere. Observation of drop detachment by high‐speed video camera reveals that the movement of the upper part of the neck of the drop is quite slow compared to that of the detaching lower part. The surface profile of the upper part was calculated approximately as a static problem using the axisymmetric Laplace equation. Using the drop profile, the system energy, including the work done by the solid–liquid wetting behavior, was calculated. Based on the condition of minimum energy, the volume of the detached part V was calculated. The volume V increases with the sphere diameter and approaches the value for the pendant drop attached to a plate. In addition, V is strongly dependent on the wettability between the sphere and the liquid and decreases with the receding contact angle. The detached volume of the water drop was measured for spheres of porous brick of various diameters. The experimental and theoretical results were found to be in good agreement. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20305
Molecular Dynamics Study on Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Hou Quan‐Wen , Cao Bing‐Yang , Guo Zeng‐Yuan
Published: June 2010

The thermal conductivity of a (5, 5) carbon nanotube at room temperature is studied by non‐equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. The thermal conductivity increases from 30 W/(m·K) to 1000 W/(m·K) as the tube length increases from 6 nm to 4 µm. It is proportional to the tube length when the tube length is less than 40 nm, which indicates that the heat conduction is in the ballistic transport regime. The thermal conductivity relates to the tube length by an exponential function as the tube length increases, and the length dependence exponent decreases and approaches zero, which indicates that the phonon transport changes from the ballistic regime to the diffusive regime. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; 39(7): 455–459, 2010; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyOnlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20311
Overexpression of carbonic anhydrase XII in tissues from resectable non‐small cell lung cancers is a biomarker of good prognosis
Authors: Ilie Marius I. , Hofman Véronique , Ortholan Cécile , Ammadi Reda El , Bonnetaud Christelle , Havet Katia , Venissac Nicolas , Mouroux Jerôme , Mazure Nathalie M. , Pouysségur Jacques , Hofman Paul
Published: June 2010

The pattern of protein expression in tumors is under the influence of nutrient stress, hypoxia and low pH, which determines the survival of neoplastic cells and the development of tumors. Carbonic anhydrase XII (CAXII) is a transmembrane enzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration of cell‐generated carbon dioxide into protons and bicarbonate. Hypoxic conditions activate its transcription and translation and enhanced expression is often present in several types of tumors. The aim of our study was to assess the prognostic significance of CAXII tumor tissues expression in patients with NSCLC. Five hundred fifty‐five tumors were immunostained for CAXII on tissue microarrays (TMA) and the results were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and outcome of patients. CAXII overexpression was present in 105/555 (19%) cases and was associated with tumors of lower grade (p = 0.015) and histological type (p < 0.001), being significantly higher in squamous cell carcinoma. High CAXII expression correlated with better overall and disease‐specific survival of patients with resectable NSCLC in univariate (p < 0.001) and multivariate survival analyses (p < 0.001). In conclusion, this is the first study demonstrating that a high CAXII tumor tissue expression evaluated on TMAs is related to a better outcome in a large series of patients with resectable NSCLC.
Silibinin attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis through blocking EGFR‐dependent signaling
Authors: Ai Wen , Zhang Yan , Tang Qi‐Zhu , Yan Ling , Bian Zhou‐Yan , Liu Chen , Huang He , Bai Xue , Yin Lu , Li Hongliang
Published: June 2010

Cardiac hypertrophy is a major determinant of heart failure. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an important role in cardiac hypertrophy. Since silibinin suppresses EGFR in vitro and in vivo, we hypothesized that silibinin would attenuate cardiac hypertrophy through disrupting EGFR signaling. In this study, we examined this hypothesis using neonatal cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) and animal model by aortic banding (AB) mice. Our data revealed that silibinin obviously blocked cardiac hypertrophic responses induced by pressure overload. Meanwhile, silibinin markedly reduced the increased generation of EGFR. Moreover, these beneficial effects were associated with attenuation of the EGFR‐dependent ERK1/2, PI3K/Akt signaling cascade. We further demonstrated silibinin decreased inflammation and fibrosis by blocking the activation of NF‐κB and TGF‐β1/Smad signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate that silibinin has the potential to protect against cardiac hypertrophy, inflammation, and fibrosis through blocking EGFR activity and EGFR‐dependent different intracellular signaling pathways. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 1111–1122, 2010. Published 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of osteoclast precursor fusion
Authors: Oursler Merry Jo
Published: June 2010

Bone marrow macrophages fuse on the bone surface to form multinucleated osteoclasts that then organize to efficiently resorb bone. Many, if not all, of the stages of macrophage fusion involve cytoskeletal components that reorganize the cells. Recruitment may involve chemotactic responses to bone matrix protein and calcium ion gradients and/or chemokine production by bone forming osteoblasts. The roles of integrins vary, depending on the particular subunits with some interfering with fusion and others having a participatory role. RANKL is essential for fusion and many identified modulators of fusion influence RANKL signaling pathways. Tetraspanins have been implicated in fusion of macrophages and myoblasts, but differences in impacts exist between these two cell types. Macrophage recruitment to apoptotic cells prior to their engulfment is driven by the exposed phospholipids on the external surface of the apoptotic cells and there is evidence that this same identification mechanism is employed in macrophage fusion. Because loss of cadherin or ADAM family members suppresses macrophage fusion, a crucial role for these membrane glycoproteins is evident. The Ig membrane glycoprotein superfamily members CD200 and MFR/SIRPα are involved in macrophage fusion, although their influences are unresolved. Differential screenings have identified the structurally related membrane proteins DC‐STAMP and OC‐STAMP as required components for fusion and the contributions to fusion remain active areas of investigation. While many of the key components involved in these processes have been identified, a great deal of work remains in resolving the precise processes involved and the interactions between key contributors to multinucleated osteoclast formation. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 1058–1062, 2010. Published 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
AP2α is essential for MUC8 gene expression in human airway epithelial cells
Authors: Moon Uk Yeol , Kim Chang‐Hoon , Choi Jae Young , Kim Yoon‐Ju , Choi Yeon Ho , Yoon Ho‐Geun , Kim Hyeyoung , Yoon Joo‐Heon
Published: June 2010

Mucins are high molecular weight proteins that make up the major components of mucus. Hypersecretion of mucus is a feature of several chronic inflammatory airway diseases. MUC8 is an important component of airway mucus, and its gene expression is upregulated in nasal polyp epithelium. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms of MUC8 gene expression. We first observed overexpression of activator protein‐2alpha (AP2α) in human nasal polyp epithelium. We hypothesized that AP2α overexpression in nasal polyp epithelium correlates closely with MUC8 gene expression. We demonstrated that phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) treatment of the airway epithelial cell line NCI‐H292 increases MUC8 gene and AP2α expression. In this study, we sought to determine which signal pathway is involved in PMA‐induced MUC8 gene expression. The results show that the protein kinase C and mitogen‐activating protein/ERK kinase (MAPK) pathways modulate MUC8 gene expression. PD98059 or ERK1/2 siRNA and RO‐31‐8220 or PKC siRNA significantly suppress AP2α as well as MUC8 gene expression in PMA‐treated cells. To verify the role of AP2α, we specifically knocked down AP2α expression with siRNA. A significant AP2α knock‐down inhibited PMA‐induced MUC8 gene expression. While dominant negative AP2α decreased PMA‐induced MUC8 gene expression, overexpressing wildtype AP2α increased MUC8 gene expression. Furthermore, using lentiviral vectors for RNA interference in human nasal polyp epithelial cells, we confirmed an essential role for AP2α in MUC8 gene expression. From these results, we concluded that PMA induces MUC8 gene expression through a mechanism involving PKC, ERK1/2, and AP2α activation in human airway epithelial cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 1386–1398, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Imatinib targets PDGF signaling in melanoma and host smooth muscle neighboring cells
Authors: Pirraco Ana , Coelho Pedro , Rocha Ana , Costa Raquel , Vasques Luísa , Soares Raquel
Published: June 2010

In previous in vitro studies, we showed that imatinib abrogated platelet‐derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) signaling, disrupting both breast cancer and smooth muscle cells (SMC). PDGF is also a powerful mitogen for neural crest origin cells like melanocytes. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of imatinib on melanoma growth and in angiogenesis, with emphasis to the involvement in PDGF signaling. B16 melanoma cells incubation with 5 µM (IC50) imatinib resulted in a significant reduction in cell proliferation and migration. Apoptosis, however, was not significantly affected. Phosphorylated‐PDGFRα expression was decreased in B16 lysates. In a mouse model of B16 melanoma, intraperitoneal administration of imatinib at early day light significantly decreased tumor growth. These findings were corroborated by a highly significant reduction in cell proliferation and increase in apoptosis in melanoma tumors. This was accompanied by a decrease in microvessel density and in the number of SMC‐presenting vessels. Imatinib further inhibited PDGFRα expression and activity, as confirmed by the down‐regulation of downstream Erk signaling pathway. Altogether, this study demonstrates that besides targeting tumor cells, imatinib also prevents vascular integrity. The current study provides evidence that the paracrine crosstalk between tumor cells and host neighboring cells is crucial for the elucidation of imatinib effects. In addition, the fact that this molecule targets vascular support cells further enlarges its therapeutic purpose to a wide range of vasculoproliferative pathologies. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 433–441, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of home visitors' and mothers' attachment style with family engagement
Authors: McFarlane Elizabeth , Burrell Lori , Fuddy Loretta , Tandon Darius , Derauf D. Christian , Leaf Philip , Duggan Anne
Published: June 2010

Family engagement in home visiting (HV) is challenging. This study related attachment security of home visitors (n=48) and mothers (n=328) to family engagement in an HV program to prevent child maltreatment. Attachment security was assessed by using the Attachment Style Questionnaire to measure attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance. Family engagement was defined as receipt of a high dose of visits and home visitor response to intimate partner violence (IPV) and poor maternal mental health as measured via record review and by maternal report of trust in the home visitor.

Home visitors had lower attachment anxiety and avoidance than mothers. Families were likely to receive a high dose of services if either the mother or home visitor was high on attachment anxiety. Home visitors high on attachment anxiety were less likely to respond to IPV and poor maternal mental health; home visitors high on attachment avoidance were more likely to respond to these issues. Mothers with high attachment anxiety were less trusting of highly anxious home visitors and more trusting of avoidant home visitors. HV programs should consider the influence of both home visitor and maternal attachment style on family engagement. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Early parenthood in a community context: neighborhood conditions, race–ethnicity, and parenting stress
Authors: M. Franco Lydia , J. Pottick Kathleen , Huang Chien‐Chung
Published: June 2010

Research has highlighted the role of intrapersonal and family characteristics on stress, but less attention has been paid to the potential influence of the community context and racial‐ethnic differences in early parental experiences. Using an ecological model, this study examines the impact of neighborhood‐level social disorder and social cohesion on parenting stress and whether this is universal across mothers of different race–ethnicities in a sample of mothers of young children in large U.S. cities. Study findings show that neighborhood context is significantly associated with parenting stress and minority parents experience less stress than White parents in higher‐disordered neighborhoods. Findings highlight the need to improve community conditions, social support, and resources to reduce parenting stress. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structural and biochemical correlates of Na+,K+‐ATPase driven ion uptake across the posterior gill epithelium of the true freshwater crab, Dilocarcinus pagei (Brachyura, Trichodactylidae)
Authors: Furriel Rosa Prazeres Melo , Firmino Kelly Cristina Silva , Masui Douglas Chodi , Faleiros Rogério Oliveira , Torres Antonio Hernandes , McNamara John Campbell
Published: June 2010

To better comprehend the structural and biochemical underpinnings of ion uptake across the gills of true freshwater crabs, we performed an ultrastructural, ultracytochemical and morphometric investigation, and kinetically characterized the Na+,K+‐ATPase, in posterior gill lamellae of Dilocarcinus pagei. Ultrastructurally, the lamellar epithelia are markedly asymmetrical: the thick, mushroom‐shaped, proximal ionocytes contain elongate mitochondria (41% cell volume) associated with numerous (≈14 µm2 membrane per µm3 cytoplasm), deep invaginations that house the Na+,K+‐ATPase, revealed ultracytochemically. Their apical surface is amplified (7.5 µm2 µm−2) by stubby evaginations whose bases adjoin mitochondria below the subcuticular space. The apical membrane of the thin, distal ionocytes shows few evaginations (1.6 µm2 µm−2), each surrounding a mitochondrion, abundant in the cytoplasm below the subcuticular space; basolateral invaginations and mitochondria are few. Fine basal cytoplasmic bridges project across the hemolymph space, penetrating into the thick ionocytes, suggesting ion movement between the epithelia. Microsomal Na+,K+‐ATPase specific activity resembles marine crabs but is ≈5‐fold less than in species from fluctuating salinities, and freshwater shrimps, suggesting ion loss compensation by strategies other than Na+ uptake. Enzyme apparent K+ affinity attains 14‐fold that of marine crabs, emphasizing the relevance of elevated K+ affinity to the conquest of fresh water. Western blotting and biphasic ouabain inhibition disclose two α‐subunit isoforms comprising distinct functional isoenzymes. While enzyme activity is not synergistically stimulated by NH and K+, each increases affinity for the other, possibly assuring appropriate intracellular K+ concentrations. These findings reveal specific structural and biochemical adaptations that may have allowed the establishment of the Brachyura in fresh water. J. Exp. Zool. 313A:508–523, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimization of enzyme–substrate pairing for bioluminescence imaging of gene transfer using Renilla and Gaussia luciferases
Authors: Kimura Takahiro , Hiraoka Kei , Kasahara Noriyuki , Logg Christopher R.
Published: June 2010

Background

Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) permits the non‐invasive quantification and localization of transduction and expression by gene transfer vectors. The tendency of tissue to attenuate light in the optical region, however, limits the sensitivity of BLI. Improvements in light output from bioluminescent reporter systems would allow the detection of lower levels of expression, smaller numbers of cells and expression from deeper and more attenuating tissues within an animal.

Methods

With the goal of identifying substrates that allow improved sensitivity with Renilla luciferase (RLuc) and Gaussia luciferase (GLuc) reporter genes, we evaluated native coelenterazine and three of its most promising derivatives in BLI of cultured cells transduced with retroviral vectors encoding these reporters. Of the eight enzyme–substrate pairs tested, the two that performed best were further evaluated in mice to compare their effectiveness for imaging vector‐modified cells in live animals.

Results

In cell culture, we observed striking differences in luminescence levels from the various enzyme–substrate combinations and found that the two luciferases exhibited markedly distinct abilities to generate light with the substrates. The most effective pairs were RLuc with the synthetic coelenterazine derivative ViviRen, and GLuc with native coelenterazine. In animals, these two pairs allowed similar detection sensitivities, which were eight‐ to 15‐fold higher than that of the prototypical RLuc‐native coelenterazine combination.

Conclusions

Substrate selection can dramatically influence the detection sensitivity of RLuc and GLuc and appropriate choice of substrate can greatly improve the performance of reporter genes encoding these enzymes for monitoring gene transfer by BLI. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Density functional theory and RRKM calculations of decompositions of the metastable E‐2,4‐pentadienal molecular ions
Authors: Solano Espinoza Eduardo A. , Vallejo Narváez Wilmer E.
Published: June 2010

The potential energy profiles for the fragmentations that lead to [C5H5O]+ and [C4H6]+• ions from the molecular ions [C5H6O]+• of E‐2,4‐pentadienal were obtained from calculations at the UB3LYP/6‐311G + + (3df,3pd)//UB3LYP/6‐31G(d,p) level of theory. Kinetic barriers and harmonic frequencies obtained by the density functional method were then employed in Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus calculations of individual rate coefficients for a large number of reaction steps. The pre‐equilibrium and rate‐controlling step approximations were applied to different regions of the complex potential energy surface, allowing the overall rate of decomposition to be calculated and discriminated between three rival pathways: CH bond cleavage, decarbonylation and cyclization. These processes should have to compete for an equilibrated mixture of four conformers of the E‐2,4‐pentadienal ions. The direct dissociation, however, can only become important in the high‐energy regime. In contrast, loss of CO and cyclization are observable processes in the metastable kinetic window. The former involves a slow 1,2‐hydrogen shift from the carbonyl group that is immediately followed by the formation of an ion‐neutral complex which, in turn, decomposes rapidly to the s‐trans‐1,3‐butadiene ion [C4H6]+•. The predominating metastable channel is the second one, that is, a multi‐step ring closure which starts with a rate‐limiting cis—trans isomerization. This process yields a mixture of interconverting pyran ions that dissociates to the pyrylium ions [C5H5O]+. These results can be used to rationalize the CID mass spectrum of E‐2,4‐pentadienal in a low‐energy regime. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of surface roughness on TM modes in rectangular waveguide
Authors: Chen Juan , Huang Binke , Jiang Wanshun
Published: June 2010

By using a rigorous numerical technique that is applicable to calculations of modes in waveguides for the TM case, the effects of the periodic rectangular, triangular, sinusoidal, and Gaussian random rough surface on the rectangular waveguide are discussed. The effects of the parameters of the roughness on the mode cutoff frequencies and field distribution are considered, including the height, width, and period of the grooves, the standard deviation of height and correlation length of the Gaussian roughness. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.