bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Job Stress on Employee’s Performance at one of Private Banks in Egypt during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Elsafty Ashraf , Shafik Lydia
Published: January 2022

Job stress is a universal element that is not only encountered in every individual but also in every organization regardless of its size. Especially, bankers who are under a good deal of stress because of the nature of their work. Stress could result in a decrease in employees’ performance, productivity, quality of labor, and high turnover rate, in addition to some health problems like anxiety, depression, and headache. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the perception of employees of one of the private banks in Egypt and their performance in the presence of job stress in the uncertain period of the coronavirus pandemic. The literature review defined the job stressors which are role ambiguity, underutilization of skills, and work overload. Similar studies have been also mentioned for the impact of job stress on employees’ performance in different countries. A descriptive research design was conducted using a survey questionnaire that is distributed among the employees of the bank in all departments and the collected responses were 51 respondents that were taken from a total population of 1,100 employees. The questionnaire is divided into two parts; the demographic profile and the questions related to variables under study. Descriptive statistics are used and the study revealed that the job stressors “role ambiguity and underutilization of skills” has no impact on employees’ performance in the banking field in Egypt. However, it is found that work overload has an impact on employees’ performance and even more in the covid-19 era. 
Solidarity and COVID-19
Authors: Huijer Marli
Published: January 2022

Solidarity and COVID-19: A Foucauldian Analysis

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, most governments in Europe have imposed disciplinary and controlling mechanisms on their populations. In the name of solidarity, citizens are pressed to submit to lockdowns, social distancing or corona apps. Building on the historical-philosophical studies of Michel Foucault, this article shows that these mechanisms are spin-offs of health regimes that have evolved since the seventeenth century. In case of COVID-19, these regimes decreased the infection, morbidity and mortality rates. But, as a side-effect, they limited the opportunities to act together and practice solidarity. This negatively affected the social cohesion and public sphere in already highly individualistic societies. To prevent the further disappearing of solidarity – understood as something that is enacted rather than as a moral value or political principle – governments and citizens need to invest in the restoral of the social conditions that enable and facilitate the practicing of solidarity after the epidemic.
Global Solidarity and Collective Intelligence in Times of Pandemics
Authors: Martí José Luis
Published: January 2022

Global Solidarity and Collective Intelligence in Times of Pandemics

Some of the existential threats we currently face are global in the sense that they affect us all, and thus matter of global concern and trigger duties of moral global solidarity. But some of these global threats, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, are global in a second, additional, sense: discharging them requires joint, coordinated global action. For that reason, these twofold global threats trigger political – not merely moral – duties of global solidarity. This article explores the contrast between these two types of global threats with the purpose of clarifying the distinction between moral and political duties of global solidarity. And, in the absence of a fully developed global democratic institutional system, the article also explores some promising ways to fulfill our global political duties, especially those based on mechanisms of collective intelligence such as CrowdLaw, which might provide effective solutions to these global threats while enhancing the democratic legitimacy of public decision-making.
Decision entity-ness: taking agency seriously in organizational decision-making studies
Authors: Villar Eduardo Guedes , Roglio Karina De Déa
Published: January 2022

Objective of the study: In this essay, we problematize the onto-epistemological assumptions of organizational decision-making theories, focusing on the concepts of action and decision.Approach: Based on the epistemological perspective of transaction, we propose an understanding of decision as a relational element of action and in action, constructing an explanation supported on the relational ontological understanding of reality.Originality/relevance:  We introduce the concept of decision entity-ness, based on relational sociology from the perspective of transaction and the idea of relational agency.Main results: The concept of decision entity-ness allowed us to theoretically combine the processual and performative dimensions of organizational decision-making.Theoretical contribution: As a contribution, we developed an original theoretical-explanatory framework that emphasizes decision, understanding it as an element that distinguishes organizations from other social systems.
A Guru's Journey
Authors: Morelli Sarah
Published: January 2022

This book provides the first ethnographic examination into the life of and the community formed around Pandit Chitresh Das, one of India’s most dynamic, outspoken, and captivating dancers. Born in Calcutta in 1944, Pandit Das immigrated to the United States in 1970 and was instrumental in establishing kathak, an Indian classical dance form, in the States. This work examines issues that arose in teaching, learning, and performing kathak in the United States over forty-five years. As a teacher, how does one transmit cultural and dance knowledge to culturally diverse groups of students? Within an artistic diaspora, how does a culture bearer–teacher maintain, modify, and frame dance repertoire, cultural norms associated with being a dancer, and philosophies surrounding the dance? And how do dancers negotiate the challenges of cultural expression in multicultural contexts? This ethnographic study of one of the longest-running sites of kathak transmission in the United States examines such questions, concluding that even in this hierarchical pedagogical tradition, students and teacher mutually navigate issues of artistic style and cultural meaning to create and sustain a dance culture.
Human-Animal Interactions and Infectious Disease
Authors: Littleton Judith , Karstens Sarah , Busse Mark , Malone Nicholas
Published: January 2022

Zoonoses are significant in human histories, and in histories of other species and the environment. Diseases have been an important evolutionary force, not just the major epidemics but the quieter endemic diseases. These infectious diseases comprise complex events and cycles involving multiple actors (humans, animals, and microorganisms). Despite difficulties of preservation, identification, and interpretation, bioarchaeologists have often analyzed zoonotic diseases. However, these studies have tended to focus on an individual disease and its emergence as opposed to the human-animal interactions and complex environmental cycles that underlie zoonotic disease more broadly. In this paper, after a brief review of zoonotic disease and bioarchaeological studies of it, we provide three contemporary case studies that point to the complexity of human-animal interaction and the socioecological circumstances involved in disease. We argue that adopting a One Health framework, which is based on Rudolf Virchow’s insight as well as approaches that emphasize time depth, multiple analytical scales, evolutionary understandings, and a consideration of human ideas and not just practices, would contribute to making bioarchaeology relevant to contemporary and future issues beyond the epidemiological transition model as modified by Barrett and Armelagos (Barrett et al. 1998; Barrett and Armelagos 2013).

 

Les zoonoses sont importantes dans l’histoire humaine, et en gros dans l’histoire d’autres espèces et de l’environnement. Les maladies ont été une force évolutive importante, non seulement les épidémies majeures, mais aussi les maladies endémiques les plus calmes. Ces maladies infectieuses comprennent des événements et des cycles complexes impliquant de multiples acteurs (humains, animaux et micro-organismes). Malgré les difficultés de préservation, d’identification et d’interprétation, les bioarchéologues ont souvent analysé les zoonoses. Cependant, ces études ont eu tendance à se concentrer sur la maladie individuelle et son émergence par opposition aux interactions homme-animal et aux cycles environnementaux complexes qui sous-tendent la maladie zoonotique de manière plus générale. Dans cet article, après un bref examen de la maladie zoonotique et des études bioarchéologiques de celle-ci, nous fournissons trois études de cas contemporaines qui soulignent la complexité de l’interaction homme-animal et les circonstances socio-écologiques impliquées dans la maladie. Nous soutenons que l’adoption d’un cadre One Health basé sur la vision de Rudolf Virchow ainsi que sur des approches mettant l’accent sur la profondeur temps, les échelles analytiques multiples, les compréhensions évolutives et la prise en compte des idées humaines et non seulement des pratiques, contribuera à rendre la bioarchéologie pertinente pour les problèmes contemporains et futurs au-delà le modèle de transition épidémiologique tel que modifié par Barrett et Armelagos (Barrett et al. 1998; Barrett et Armelagos 2013).
Review of Ortner’s Identification of Pathological Conditions in Human Skeletal Remains, 3rd ed.
Authors: Vidoli Giovanna
Published: January 2022

J. Buikstra. Ortner’s Identification of Pathological Conditions in Human Skeletal Remains. 3rd ed. London: Academic Press; 2019. 839 pp.
Childhood and Adulthood Residency Prediction Using Strontium (87Sr/86Sr) and Oxygen (δ18O) Isotopes for Unidentified Deceased Migrants Recovered in Southern Texas
Authors: Kramer Robyn , Bartelink Eric
Published: January 2022

Strontium and oxygen isotope values are used in conjunction with a maximum likelihood assignment model to predict the childhood and adulthood geographic residences of 20 deceased migrants recovered along the México-U.S. border in south Texas. The objectives of this research are to determine (1) if the childhood and adulthood residency assignments predict the same geographic region, (2) if using the predicted residential history/nationality as a filter on the National Missing and Unidentified Persons System (NamUs) reduces the number of potential matching missing person reports, and (3) if we should target teeth or bone as the optimal hard tissue to sample. We found that 12 of the 20 cases (60%) predict similar regions of residency using isotopes derived from bone bioapatite (adulthood residency) and tooth bioapatite (childhood residency). When predicted residential history/nationality data were used as a filter in NamUs, there was a significant reduction in the mean number of case searches (mean = 1568.5 ± 505.3 [1 SD] vs. 107.9 ± 142.6 [1 SD]; t = 12.441, df = 22, p < 0.001, unequal variances assumed). These results demonstrate the utility of isotope data for narrowing down the region of origin and in turn the number of missing persons records to review. Finally, we recommend that death investigators at minimum collect dental samples (premolars or molars) for future unidentified migrant cases to aid in identification efforts utilizing isotope analytical methods. Bone bioapatite samples can provide more recent residential history information but should be used in conjunction with tooth enamel data.
Examining the Reliability of Morphological Traits for Sex Estimation
Authors: Klales Alexandra , Garvin Heather , Gocha Timothy , Lesciotto Kate , Walls Mackenzie
Published: January 2022

Morphological skull and pubic traits are routinely used in forensic anthropological casework for sex estimation, with the Walker (2008) and Klales et al. (2012) methods commonly employed. This research aims to present a comprehensive evaluation of reliability in skull and pubic trait scoring and the implications of observer scoring variation on sex estimation accuracy. Results from previous studies are summarized and compiled into tables for comparisons. Data from this study are composed of a large compilation of Walker (2008) and Kales et al. (2012) trait scores (skull n = 392, pubic n = 443) contributed by seven researchers of varying levels of expertise. Intra- and interobserver analyses were performed on the trait scores, and variations in correct sex classifications were assessed among observers, with particular emphasis on the effects of observer experience. Statistical results indicate that the traits utilized in Walker (2008) and Klales et al. (2012) can be reliably scored except for the mental eminence, which has shown considerable variation among studies and individuals. Resultant sex estimations improved with experience level, with the highest accuracy rates for both methods among experts. Although novice observers had good agreement in trait scores with more experienced observers, minor scoring differences negatively impacted classification accuracy, particularly in the Klales et al. (2012) method with more than a 15% drop in accuracy. The results highlight the importance of experience and exposure to human variation and training in these sex estimation methods and also suggests data from expert practitioners can be combined into larger databases.
Fractography of Bone Using Reconstructed Computed Tomography (CT) Scans
Authors: Christensen Angi , Decker Summer
Published: January 2022

Fractography has been shown to be applicable to forensic assessments of skeletal trauma by observing the presence and orientation of fracture surface features, which reveal information about the direction of crack propagation. Previous studies have examined dry or processed bone surfaces, often fractured under controlled experimental conditions. Here we assess a series of clinical computed tomography scans involving lower extremity injuries and find that a number of fracture surface features can be seen on three-dimensional computational models (surface and volumetric). These findings indicate that bone fractography can be used in skeletal trauma analyses without processing the remains and may also have clinical as well as forensic applications.
Investigating the Impact of Bad Practices in Continuous Integration on Closed-source Projects
Authors: Silva Ruben Blenicio Tavares , Bezerra Carla Ilane Moreira
Published: January 2022

This research aims to understand how Continuous Integration (CI) bad practices affect the progress of activities in closed-source projects. To guide the research, we sought to answer three key questions: (1) What are the most frequent CI bad practices with the greatest negative impact on closed-source projects?; (2) How does CI assist the code review process in closed-source projects?; and, (3) How are internal quality attributes affected by CI bad practices?. Thus, we present the planning of this research and preliminary results obtained. Our study aims to help organizations address CI bad practices in the context of their software projects.
Desafios no compartilhamento de dados de saúde entre entidade de saúde privada e a academia para fomentar a pesquisa e produção científica
Authors: Gonçalves Emanuela C. R. , Juraszek Guilherme D. , Antunes Marco , Bittencourt Mateus L.
Published: January 2022

O crescimento e a velocidade de produção de dados que podem ser extremamente úteis para pesquisa científica nas empresas de diversos ramos tem sido bem divulgada nos últimos tempos (a chamada era do Big Data), porém, o que passa despercebido normalmente é a dificuldade da 'academia' em ter acesso a esses dados de forma a permitir a sua utilização em pesquisa dado o imenso abismo que separa empresas e universidades. Nesse contexto, irei relatar minha experiência no projeto de disponibilização de dados de saúde (exames oftalmológicos de Glaucoma) do Hospital de Olhos Sadalla Amin Ghanem (HOSAG) para alunos da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC) utilizarem em pesquisa.
Cataloging Dependency Injection Anti-patterns in Software Systems
Authors: Laigner Rodrigo , Kalinowski Marcos
Published: January 2022

Dependency Injection (DI) is a prevalent technique employed in software systems. By delegating the dependency provision to an independent agent (i.e., a DI framework), developers often benefit from high-modular components. However, the misuse of the DI technique leads to higher maintenance efforts. As the literature presents no comprehensive characterization of bad DI implementation practices, we put forth an investigation that led to the proposition and evaluation of a novel catalog of DI anti-patterns and refactorings. The proposed anti-patterns appear frequently in both open-source and industry projects. Furthermore, practitioners confirm the relevance and usefulness of the catalog.
PAxSPL: A Generic Framework to Support the Planning of SPL Reengineering
Authors: Marchezan Luciano , Rodrigues Elder , Bernardino Maicon
Published: January 2022

Extractive Software Product Line (SPL) is a well-known approach that organizations can use to transform their legacy applications into an SPL. In this sense, the SPL reengineering process emerges as a possible strategy for applying the extractive SPL. Available artifacts used to perform the SPL reengineering may change, requiring software engineers to adapt their approaches as a means to satisfying the companies' scenarios. However, there is a lack of an approach supporting this adaptation considering different scenarios. To address these limitations we propose the Prepare, Assemble, and Execute Framework SPL reengineering (PAxSPL). PAxSPL is composed of three different aspects: a process, guidelines, and a supporting tool. For evaluating PAxSPL, we extracted eight different scenarios from the literature. Results evidenced that PAxSPL is customizable to a variety of scenarios with different reengineering artifacts, techniques, and activities.
Desenvolvendo o Sorting Hat: uma Ferramenta para Caracterização de Arquitetura Baseada em Serviços
Authors: Santana Erick Rodrigues de , Rosa Thatiane de Oliveira , Daniel João Francisco Lino , Goldman Alfredo
Published: January 2022

Desenvolver grandes sistemas de software não é trivial, uma vez que esses sistemas devem possuir atributos de qualidade tais como escalabilidade e manutenabilidade. Diante disso, é importante que eles possuam uma arquitetura que favoreça o atendimento a esses atributos. Compreender a arquitetura de um software – seus aspectos estruturais e padrões – é fundamental para conseguir satisfazer os requisitos de qualidade desejáveis. Entretanto, existe pouco suporte para caracterizar e avaliar a arquitetura de sistemas, especialmente daqueles baseados em serviços. Este artigo apresenta o progresso da Iniciação Científica no desenvolvimento do Sorting Hat, uma ferramenta que auxilia no processo de caracterização da arquitetura de sistemas baseados em serviços.
Abaixo o Líder: Um Algoritmo Hierárquico Sem-Líder para Difusão Atômica
Authors: Ruchel Lucas V. , Camargo Edson T. de , Turchetti Rogério , Duarte Jr. Elias P. , Arantes Luciana , Rodrigues Luiz A.
Published: January 2022

Este trabalho apresenta um algoritmo hierárquico de difusão atômica sem-líder com acordo no destino, i.e. a ordem de entrega das mensagens é deﬁnida pelos processos destinatários. O algoritmo é totalmente descentralizado e todos os processos transmitem suas mensagens concorrentemente. Os processos utilizam árvores de difusão construídas através da rede de sobreposição VCube que, após a ocorrência de falhas, se reconﬁgura autonomicamente. Processos podem falhar por parada. As árvores são utilizadas para propagar os números de sequência (timestamps) locais das mensagens. Cada processo, após receber os timestamps de todos os demais, decide pela ordem de entrega das mensagens. Resultados de simulação mostram a maior eﬁciência da solução proposta em termos tanto do número de mensagens quanto da latência de difusão quando comparada com uma abordagem tradicional todos-para-todos.
Fatiamento Dinâmico de Redes em Computação em Névoa para Usuários Móveis
Authors: Gonçalves Diogo M. , Bittencourt Luiz F. , Madeira Edmundo R. M.
Published: January 2022

A Computação em Névoa é responsável por prover recursos computacionais na borda da rede a usuários com diferentes características e demandas. Por meio da virtualização de seus recursos, é possível criar múltiplas Redes Virtuais, ou Fatias de Rede, sobre uma mesma arquitetura física, cada uma atendendo um grupo de usuários. Nesse contexto, avaliar o desempenho de tais redes em diferentes cenários se torna primordial para identiﬁcar pontos fortes e fracos a serem considerados no desenvolvimento de mecanismos para gerenciar a rede. Este artigo apresenta uma análise de desempenho de diferentes abordagens de alocação de Fatias de Rede com o objetivo de otimizar o processo de migração de serviços na névoa. Resultados obtidos no simulador MobFogSim apontam que, devido a variações de demanda, o desempenho da alocação estática dessas redes pode se degradar ao longo do tempo. A alocação dinâmica de fatias de rede se apresentou como uma solução para esse cenário, a depender do custo computacional necessário para a reconﬁguração dessas redes.
Dagora: Um Mercado Virtual Baseado em Side-Chains
Authors: Inácio Gustavo , Rech Luciana , Neiheiser Ray , Fraga Joni
Published: January 2022

Com o recente crescimento dos preços das criptomoedas, o uso de blockchains em diversas aplicações com contratos inteligentes tem se tornado impeditivo devido aos custos dos serviços. Uma das soluções que vem sendo muito aceita é o uso de side-chains para a execução dos smart contracts, ﬁcando uma blockchain principal (main-chain) para a sincronização dos resultados. Os benefícios apontados na literatura indicam grandes vantagens. Porém, a complexidade em mover uma aplicação para um side-chain e o ganho em termos de custos não são examinados com o devido rigor na literatura. Neste artigo, apresentamos o Dagora Market, um mercado descentralizado de compra e venda de mercadorias construído a partir de contratos inteligentes em side-chain. Além de apresentar os aspectos arquiteturais, demonstramos os ganhos nesta abordagem de side-chain, principalmente no referente ao custo econômico se comparado com execuções de smart-contracts em main-chain.
Danian: Redução da latência de calda de aplicações em rede através de um escalonador O(1)
Authors: Pantuza Gustavo , Bleme Lucas A. C. , Vieira Marcos Augusto M. , Vieira Luiz Filipe M.
Published: January 2022

A alocação de núcleos para threads de programas é um problema complexo e de grande custo computacional dentro de ambientes Unix. O escalonador Caladan é uma solução que otimiza na escala dos microssegundos a forma como threads e núcleos são escalonados. O sistema Danian proposto, melhora o algoritmo de escolha de threads para um núcleo a ser escalonado através de memoization. O custo dessa operação foi reduzido de O(n) para O(1), o tempo de CPU reduzido em 7%, a latência de calda reduziu em 3% para o experimento Synthetic e 5% para o experimento Netperf.
IRON: uma abordagem inteligente para roteamento em redes ópticas elásticas
Authors: Monteiro Neclyeux , Soares André
Published: January 2022

As redes ópticas elásticas compõem uma infraestrutura de rede capaz de suportar a grande demanda de tráfego de dados da Internet. Um dos principais problemas que devem ser solucionados para garantir o bom funcionamento deste tipo de rede é o chamado Routing, Modulation Level and Spectrum Assignment (RMLSA). Este artigo foca em uma nova solução para o problema de roteamento. A nova solução utiliza uma rede neural Multi Layer Perceptron e é chamada de Intelligent Routing for Optical Networks (IRON). A solução é comparada com o algoritmo Complete Sharing em dois cenários diferentes utilizando as topologias Cost239 e Pan-European. O algoritmo IRON obteve uma redução na probabilidade de bloqueio de banda de aproximadamente 28,59% e 21,83% em relação ao Complete Sharing nas topologias Cost239 e Pan-European respectivamente.
Monitoramento e Identificação de Páginas de Phishing
Authors: Damasceno Heitor , Freire Vitor , Santos Welton , Fazzion Elverton , Fonseca Osvaldo , Cunha Ítalo , Hoepers Cristine , Steding-Jessen Klaus , Chaves Marcelo H. P. C. , Guedes Dorgival , Meira Jr. Wagner
Published: January 2022

Campanhas de phishing frequentemente utilizam páginas Web que imitam páginas legítimas para enganar as vítimas. Apesar dos esforços da comunidade cientíﬁca em combater essa atividade, o phishing ﬁca cada vez mais soﬁsticado e continua fazendo vítimas. Neste artigo apresentamos um novo arcabouço de monitoramento de páginas de phishing que combina técnicas que proveem escalabilidade e efetividade. Também estudamos os compromissos existentes na complexa tarefa de construir modelos para identiﬁcar páginas de phishing. Mostramos que bases de dados representativas e atributos do conteúdo das páginas são cruciais para construir modelos gerais. Nosso arcabouço de monitoramento e identiﬁcação de páginas de phishing foi aplicado a centenas de milhares de e-mails diários, identiﬁcando uma centena de páginas de phishing, uma redução de três ordens de magnitude, e serve também de ponto de partida para direcionar esforços futuros de combate ao phishing.
Orquestração Automatizada de Serviços de Rede em Ambientes Multi-nuvem
Authors: Santos Laudelino A. dos , Machado Harrison F. S. , Resendo Leandro C. , Monteiro Maxwell E. , Vassoler Gilmar L. , Dominicini Cristina K.
Published: January 2022

Em um ambiente multi-nuvem, a alocação de serviços virtuais precisa de critérios bem deﬁnidos para que as tomadas de decisões estejam alinhadas às necessidades do usuário ﬁnal e às restrições de nuvens heterogêneas. Entretanto, existe uma lacuna de trabalhos que explorem os mecanismos capazes de fornecer dinamicamente as entradas para os diversos modelos de otimização desenvolvidos para resolver o problema de alocação multi-nuvem e aplicar a saída desses modelos nas nuvens de forma automatizada. Este artigo, propõe um orquestrador que é capaz de coletar autonomamente métricas dos serviços e da infraestrutura multi-nuvem, disponibilizá-los para um otimizador e aplicar as decisões de alocação dinâmica usando plataformas de nuvem comerciais.
Replicação Máquina de Estados Paralelas com Escalonamento Híbrido
Authors: Burgos Aldênio , Alchieri Eduardo , Dotti Fernando , Pedone Fernando
Published: January 2022

Replicação Máquina de Estados (RME) é uma abordagem muito utilizada na implementação de sistemas tolerantes a falhas e consiste em replicar os servidores e fazer com que os mesmos executem deterministicamente, e na mesma ordem, o mesmo conjunto de requisições. Para melhorar o desempenho, RMEs paralelas utilizam escalonadores que tiram proveito da semântica das requisições e permitem a execução paralela de algumas delas. No escalonamento tardio as requisições são escalonadas para execução após serem ordenadas, enquanto que no escalonamento antecipado parte das decisões de escalonamento são realizadas antes da ordenação e respeitadas durante a execução. Este trabalho propõe um protocolo de escalonamento híbrido que tira proveito das vantagens de cada uma das abordagens anteriores. Experimentos mostram que o escalonador híbrido supera as outras abordagens em diversos cenários.
Representação e Aplicação de Políticas de Segurança em Firewalls de Redes Híbridas
Authors: Fiorenza Maurício , Kreutz Diego , Mansilha Rodrigo , Macedo Douglas D. J. de , Feitosa Eduardo , Immich Roger
Published: January 2022

O gerenciamento de políticas de segurança em ﬁrewalls de redes híbridas é um processo desaﬁador, principalmente devido a diversidade de soluções e fabricantes (e.g., Cisco NGFW, Check Point, Fortigate, IPTables), cada um com suas linguagens, interfaces e modelos de operação. Neste trabalho é proposta uma linguagem genérica para representação de políticas de segurança utilizadas em ﬁrewalls, denominada FWlang. A linguagem foi especiﬁcada para representar os seis tipos de políticas de ﬁrewalls modernos, incluindo ACL, NAT 1to1, NAT Nto1, trafﬁc shapping, roteamento estático e ﬁltros de URL, e implementada e incorporada à solução de gerenciamento de ﬁrewalls FWunify. A avaliação demonstra o potencial de simpliﬁcação apresentado pela linguagem, chegando a uma redução de 72% no número de termos necessários para aplicar um determinado grupo de políticas a três ﬁrewall diferentes.
SMaRtTrie: Reducing Checkpoint’s Impact in SMR Systems with a CTrie Data Structure
Authors: Pintor Erick , Dotti Fernando Luís
Published: January 2022

State Machine Replication (SMR) is a well-established approach for the development of fault tolerant systems through replication. Durable SMR systems rely on command logging and checkpoints for fast recovery upon failures. However, checkpoints are known to impact service's throughput as traditional SMR architectures stop serving requests in order to ensure checkpoint consistency. In this paper, we present SMaRtTrie: a simple in-memory key-value storage built on a concurrent trie data structure that supports the creation of consistent checkpoints in parallel with command execution. Experimental evaluation shows that SMaRtTrie can reach the same throughput as other commonly used solution while sustaining 78% throughput during checkpoints.
Sugestões de Rotas Personalizadas para Carrinheiros na Coleta Seletiva de Materiais Recicláveis
Authors: Oliveira Maria Vitória R. , Garcia Islene C.
Published: January 2022

Os carrinheiros são catadores de materiais recicláveis que utilizam veículos de tração humana. As rotas de coleta dos carrinheiros podem ser cansativas dependendo do trajeto. Sendo assim, este trabalho propõe um algoritmo de sugestão de rotas personalizáveis a partir de três políticas de cálculo de custos de arestas: Política de Menor Trabalho, Política de Menor Impedância e Política de Menor Distância. Utilizou-se as ferramentas osmnx e networkx na construção dos grafos, dados geográﬁcos do Open Street Map e elevações do Topodata. As simulações realizadas no Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO) demonstraram que o algoritmo proposto pode minimizar a potência aplicada no veículo, a distância e o tempo de percurso, de acordo com a política utilizada.
Um Algoritmo para Dimensionamento e Distribuição de BVTs em Redes Ópticas Elásticas
Authors: Santos Iallen G. S. , Soares André , Monteiro José A. Suruagy
Published: January 2022

O problema de dimensionamento e distribuição de Bandwidth Variable Transponders (BVTs) em Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) consiste em determinar a quantidade BVTs a ser implantado e a distribuição dos BVTs nos nós da rede. A literatura dispõe de diversas propostas de algoritmos para alocação de recursos. Entretanto, a maioria dos trabalhos determina o número de BVTs de maneira empírica e considera a mesma quantidade de BVTs em cada nó da rede. Neste trabalho é proposto o algoritmo Fitting the Number of BVTs by Node based on Average Utilization (FNBN) para dimensionamento e distribuição de BVTs. O FNBN reduziu a quantidade de BVTs necessários. Além disso, a distribuição de BVTs mais eﬁciente reduziu a ocorrência de BVTs em standby e o consumo energético.
Melatonin Modulates Hypophyseal-Thyroid Function through Differential Activation of MT1 and MT2 Receptors in Hypothyroid Mice
Authors: Shankar Singh Shiv , Laskar Prashanjit , Deb Anindita , Sutradhar Sangita
Published: January 2022

Hypothyroidism is characterized by the low level of thyroid hormones in circulation, which affects the normal metabolic activities of organisms. Propylthiouracil (PTU) induced hypothyroid condition impairs the antioxidant defense system and therefore normal physiology alters. Melatonin influences most physiological activities and is also known for its antioxidative properties. Melatonin modulates physiological activities through receptor-mediated as well as non-receptor-mediated pathways. In this study, we evaluated the involvement of melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors in the modulation of hypophyseal-thyroid function in PTU-induced hypothyroid mice. We have noted the decreased level of T3 and T4 and increased level of TSH hormone in PTU-treated mice. Melatonin treatment counteracted the PTU-caused changes in circulatory T3, T4, and TSH hormones. PTU treatment caused increased MT1 receptor protein expression in the thyroid as well as the pituitary gland while increased MT2 receptor protein in the pituitary gland. Melatonin treatment caused increased TSH receptor protein in the thyroid gland. Melatonin induced MT2 receptor protein expression in both the thyroid and pituitary glands whereas MT1 receptor proteins in the pituitary gland. This study may suggest that melatonin regulates hypophyseal-thyroid function through differential sensitization of MT1 and MT2 receptors on the pituitary and thyroid glands in hypothyroid mice.
Testicular Lymphoma: Primary and Secondary Involvement
Authors: Artiles Medina Alberto , Lorca Álvaro Javier , Laso García Inés , Mínguez Ojeda César , Mata Alcaraz Marina , Santiago González Marta , Bajawi Carretero Mariam , José Gordillo Perdomo Juan , Gómez Dos Santos Victoria , Javier Burgos Revilla Francisco
Published: January 2022

This chapter explores the testicular involvement of lymphoma. Testicular lymphoma may either represent secondary involvement by systemic disease or primary malignancy. Regarding primary testicular lymphoma (PTL), it is a rare form of extranodal lymphoma and the most frequent malignant testicular neoplasm in men over the age of 60 years. The diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) accounts for the majority of cases. The morphologic manifestation of PTL on imaging may be in the form of a localized mass or a diffuse enlargement of the testis. On ultrasonography, PTL usually appears as a hypoechoic area with hypervascularity. MRI and positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET/CT) are useful diagnostic tools. The latter is crucial in staging and follow-up of these patients. The treatment of PTL is based on orchiectomy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The prognosis is poor and PTL exhibits a propensity to relapse in the central nervous system (CNS) and in the opposite testis. Secondary involvement of the testis by non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is more frequent than PTL. Patients may develop the relapsed or refractory disease in the testis in the context of disseminated lymphomas due to the existence of the blood-testis barrier. This chapter discusses the treatment of secondary involvement by lymphoma.
The Anticancer Profile of Benzimidazolium Salts and Their Metal Complexes
Authors: Ahmad Khan Imran , ul Amin Mohsin Noor , Aslam Sana , Ahmad Matloob
Published: January 2022

Cancer is the most lethal ailment throughout the world in the present era. The development of new anticancer remedies with minor unhealthful effects and an alternate mechanism is crucial. Benzimidazole is a distinguished heterocyclic compound and is now recognized as the privileged scaffold for new drug discovery. This chapter deals with the anticancer capability of benzimidazolium salts and their metal complexes. The benzimidazolium derivatives have been prepared by the introduction of aliphatic and aromatic groups at two nitrogen atoms of the benzimidazole ring. Other modifications include hybridization with other pharmacophores and the preparation of metal complexes. The potent derivatives presented in this review can serve as novel drug candidates against cancer.
Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Hydrogel Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Zhang Leisheng , Han Zhihai
Published: January 2022

Hydrogels are splendid biomaterials and play a critical role in multiple applications for disease management via offering a microenvironment for drug metabolism and exerting the bonding effect attribute to the preferable physical and chemical properties. State-of-the-art renewal has indicated the combination of hydrogels with mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), which are heterogeneous populations with unique hematopoietic-supporting and immunoregulatory properties. For decades, we and other investigators have demonstrated the promising prospects of MSCs in regenerative medicine, and in particular, for the administration of recurrent and refractory disease. Very recently, we took advantage of the hydrogel/MSC composite for the applications in osteoarthritis, burn wounds, and refractory wounds associated with diabetic foot as well. Strikingly, the composite showed superiority in continuous improvement of the biological functions of the injured areas over hydrogels or MSCs, respectively. Collectively, hydrogel-based biomaterials are of importance for disease treatment and the accompanied regenerative medicine. Therefore, in this chapter, we will summarize the latest updates of hydrogel/MSCs composite in tissue engineering and put forward the direction of hotspot issues in the future including hydrogel/MSC and hydrogel/MSC-exosome in preclinical and clinical studies.
Dysphagia in Neuroinflammatory Diseases of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Ghadiri Fereshteh , Naser Moghadasi Abdorreza
Published: January 2022

Neuroinflammatory disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) consist of a relatively heterogeneous group of diseases that share the autoimmune activity against different parts of the system. Swallowing problems could happen in many of these cases. Its effect on the patients’ quality of life is undeniable. It could be an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Detailed medical history and physical exam are important. Several questionnaires could help monitor dysphagia. Radiographic and endoscopic evaluations may be necessary to detect overlooked swallowing problems. The main treatment appears to be treating the underlying disease, besides general supplementary options like rehabilitation and speech therapy.
Contributing by Monitoring Energy Efficiency to the Development of Optimization Measures to Improve Energy Performance in an Industrial Platform
Authors: Constantin Lipan Laurentiu
Published: January 2022

Greenhouse gas emissions and climate change are currently major international problems. This makes it important to increase energy efficiency. The implementation of energy efficiency improvement measures has reduced energy demand for industrial platforms, so that energy plans designed before these measures are no longer appropriate for current tasks (extensions are not considered at this time). I intended to give a clear image and a better understanding of the factories’ power consumption (the industrial area in question is located near a city). A power plant-specific power system is quite disruptive, as can be seen from the monitored data at the power plant users and from the general power supply voltage bars (110 kV, 20 kV) as well as from the voltage bars of the adjacent users. Based on real-time measurements and monitoring devices, the following characteristic curves have been extracted for local energy systems. That is because data analysis is easy to be used for monitoring energy efficiency and elaborating optimization measures to improve power performance.
Composite Materials with Natural Fibers
Authors: Lambrache Nicholas , Renagi Ora , Olaru Lidia , N’Drelan Brian
Published: January 2022

The materials involved in the fabrication of biocomposites have dissimilar physical and chemical properties. More important, the newly created materials exhibit anisotropy and their performance is strongly influenced by the hydrophobic nature of the natural fibers used as reinforcement materials. Beyond a compressive discussion regarding the potential of composite materials with natural fibers in engineering applications, the chapter focuses on simulation of their behavior under applied loads. Modern experimental approaches for defining and validating computer simulations are also introduced. Finally, health hazards and biodegradability issues are evaluated. The new trends in biocomposites materials for engineering applications are briefly discussed.
Challenges, Progress and Prospects for Sustainable Management of Soilborne Diseases of Cowpea
Authors: K. Mbeyagala Emmanuel , K. Pandey Abhay , Peter Obuo John , Orawu Martin
Published: January 2022

Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp.)], is an important legume crop widely grown in the tropics. Biotic and abiotic stresses cause significant yield reduction in cowpea. In this chapter, we provide a synthesis of information on the damage/economic importance of soilborne diseases of cowpea and present options that can be used to manage these diseases. The aim is to demonstrate that a wide array of control options are available for potential use within an integrated disease management (IDM) framework. Reviewed literature indicated presence of several sources of resistance to fusarium wilt (FW) and charcoal rot but few sources for stem rots, collar rot and damping-off. Major resistant genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for FW and charcoal rot and these may be exploited in marker assisted selection (MAS). Cultural practices such as crop rotation and compositing were found to be effective against soilborne diseases, however, there is lack of knowledge regarding their adoption. Similarly, several botanicals were found to be effective against several soilborne fungal diseases but these studies were limited to controlled environments necessitating the need for large scale field trials. Several effective microbial control agents (MBCAs) and fungicides exist and can be incorporated in IDM.
Single-Row Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Escanlar S. Amhaz , Mora A. Jorge , Miguez J. Pino
Published: January 2022

Rotator cuff tears are a common cause of pain and disability among adults. Partial tears are usually treated conservatively. Complete tears might be treated conservatively in some cases; however, surgical repair is often performed in selected cases and situations where conservative treatment fails to restore function and pain relief. In addition, some patients with acute tears might be good candidates for acute surgical repair, as will be studied in this chapter. A plethora of techniques is available to repair rotator cuff tears. Among these, the surgeon faces the dilemma to choose the best treatment for the patient. Open techniques were the gold standard in the 1990s. However, the advent of arthroscopy has led the shoulder and sports surgeon community towards these. Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair has become the gold standard nowadays despite the lack of proper evidence to support this change. Furthermore, simple single-row repairs had been discarded favouring double-row techniques, yet new evidence supports the use of the former due to similar results, simplicity and cost-effectiveness. This chapter examines current evidence to help the surgeon decide between open and minimally invasive techniques and select suitable repair configurations.
Pathophysiology of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Manu  , Soni Thomson , Victoria  , Kumar Prabhakar Pranav
Published: January 2022

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy that affects 8–20% of the reproductive age females and adolescent girls every year worldwide and approximately 5 million cases reported in the USA annually. It is more prevalent in urban areas as compared to the rural areas because of the difference in the lifestyles of rural and urban ladies. Rarely PCOS is passed on by heredity in some cases. It mostly occurs due to a lack of awareness. Its symptoms become mild to severe like initially hirsutism, acne which further leads to irregular periods and infertility. The pathogenesis of PCOS is not known because it is a complex multi-genetic disorder. Ovary and adrenal steroid genesis, the action of steroid hormone, action and regulation of gonadotropin, action, and secretion of insulin, obesity, and regulation of energy in PCOS involve genes. Its main clinical manifestations are insulin resistance and increased level of androgen. Metformin is used to sensitize the insulin because the risk of glucose intolerance also gets elevated with insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes, and lipid abnormalities. Likely, the outcome of different, deeply interrelated genetic abnormalities that influence each other and perpetuate the syndrome may be represented by PCOS.
Development of a Longitudinal Research Curriculum for Pediatric Emergency Medicine Fellowship
Authors: Taneja Ankita , Wylie Todd , Kalynych Colleen , Helmi Haytham , Fishe Jennifer
Published: January 2022

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Resident Perceptions of a Publicly Disclosed Daily Productivity Dashboard
Authors: Goldflam Katja , Tsyrulnik Alina , Flood Colin , Bod Jessica , Coughlin Ryan , Della-Giustina David
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Following resident requests, we created a public metrics dashboard to inform residents of their daily productivity. Our goal was to iteratively improve the dashboard based on resident feedback and to measure the impact of reviewing aggregate data on self-perceived productivity.

Methods: A 10-question anonymous survey was completed by our postgraduate year 1-3 residents. Residents answered questions on the dashboard and rated their own productivity before and after reviewing aggregate peer-comparison data. Using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test we calculated summary statistics for survey questions and compared distributions of pre- and post-test, self-rated productivity scores.

Results: All 43 eligible residents completed the survey (response rate 100%). Thirteen (30%) residents “rarely” or “never” reviewed the dashboard. No respondents felt the dashboard measured their productivity or quality of care “extremely accurately” or “very accurately.” Seven (16%) residents felt “very” or “extremely pressured” to change their practice patterns based on the metrics provided, and 28 (65%) would have preferred private over public feedback. Fifteen residents (35%) changed their self-perceived rank after viewing peer-comparison data, although not significantly in a particular direction (z = 0.71, P = 0.48).

Conclusion: Residents did not view the presented metrics as reflective of their productivity or quality of care. Viewing the dashboard did not lead to statistically significant changes in resident self-perception of productivity. This finding highlights the need for expanding the resident conversation and education on metrics, given their frequent inclusion in attending physician workforce payment and incentive models.