bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Business incubators and their impact on startup success: A review in the USA
Authors: Kehinde Feranmi Awonuga  , Noluthando Zamanjomane Mhlongo  , Funmilola Olatundun Olatoye  , Chidera Victoria Ibeh  , Oluwafunmi Adijat Elufioye  , Onyeka Franca Asuzu
Published: February 2024

This review critically examines the significance of business incubators in shaping the success trajectories of startups, focusing on the dynamic landscape within the United States. Business incubators, specialized environments designed to support early-stage ventures, have become integral to fostering innovation and entrepreneurial growth. The review explores the diverse ways in which these incubators influence startup success, encompassing key elements such as access to funding, mentorship programs, collaborative workspaces, and networking opportunities. In the context of the USA, where a robust startup ecosystem thrives, the review analyzes the impact of business incubators on the financial aspects of startups. It investigates how access to funding channels, facilitated by incubators, contributes to the viability and sustainability of emerging enterprises. Additionally, the quality of mentorship provided within these incubators is scrutinized, emphasizing its pivotal role in guiding entrepreneurs through the complexities of business development and strategy formulation. Furthermore, the review delves into the collaborative environments that business incubators cultivate. Examining how shared workspaces, networking events, and collaborative initiatives foster a sense of community and knowledge exchange, the review highlights the social dynamics that contribute to startup success. The interconnectedness and knowledge-sharing culture within incubators are explored as catalysts for innovative thinking and problem-solving. As the startup landscape evolves, understanding the nuanced impact of business incubators in the USA becomes imperative for entrepreneurs, policymakers, and investors. This review provides insights into the multifaceted ways in which business incubators contribute to the success of startups, offering a comprehensive overview of the supportive ecosystems that play a pivotal role in shaping the entrepreneurial landscape in the United States.
Investigating the properties of rubbing fastness in jute-cotton blended pigment-printed fabric
Authors: Mahmuda Khatun  , Shuranjan Sarkar  , Mohammad Abdus Salam Khan  , Ariful Islam  , Asib Iqbal
Published: February 2024

Jute and cotton, both being natural cellulosic fibers, can be blended together to create a sustainable fabric that offers a new addition to the market. In this particular study, the focus was on investigating the fastness properties of jute-cotton blended pigment printed fabric. Fastness properties are crucial for any colored fabric, including jute-cotton blended ones, as they determine the fabric's ability to retain its color and resist any changes caused by external factors. The study examined the rubbing fastness of five different jute-cotton blended pigment printed fabrics. Rubbing fastness refers to the fabric's resistance to color staining and color change when subjected to rubbing or friction. The results of the rubbing fastness tests were evaluated on a grey scale, and they ranged between 3 and 5, indicating varying degrees of staining and color change. Additionally, other important parameters such as Ends per Inch, Picks per Inch, Gram per Square Meter (GSM), and air permeability were measured for the jute-cotton blended pigment printed fabric samples. Ends per Inch and Picks per Inch refer to the number of warp and weft threads per inch, respectively, and they contribute to the fabric's overall density and strength. The GSM, which measures the weight of the fabric per square meter, ranged between 191 and 285 for the samples. Furthermore, the air permeability, which indicates the fabric's breathability, ranged from 614 m3/m2/h to 1628 m3/m2/h.
Enhancing honeybee breeding for sustainable agriculture through temperature and relative humidity monitoring
Authors: Nour Elhouda Bakri  , Khaled Bouchoucha  , Walid Nagara  , M’Naouer Djemali
Published: February 2024

Through their vital role in pollination, honeybee colonies play a crucial part in sustaining biodiversity and ensuring global food security. This paper aims to: 1) assess temperature and relative humidity variations within the hive and at the brood level; 2) determine genetic parameters for these traits; and 3) predict Breeding Values (PBVs) for honeybee colonies. Temperature and relative humidity data, during the period 2020-2023, were collected in Northern Tunisia using sensors placed inside hives and at the brood level. A dataset comprising 214,128 records for temperature and relative humidity within hives, sourced from 317 devices, was used in this study. Additionally, 20,740 records for temperature and relative humidity obtained from 78 brood-level devices were incorporated into the analysis. Phenotypic and genetic parameters were computed for the four examined traits, and using a BLUP Animal model, colony breeding values (PBVs) were predicted. Main results indicated a highly significant influence (p<0.01) of the month effect on the four temperature and relative humidity traits. Heritability estimates for in-hive temperature, in-hive relative humidity, brood relative humidity, and brood temperature were 0.14, 0.12, 0.16, and 0.28, respectively. Positive correlations were observed between relative humidity inside hives and at the brood level, as well as between temperature within beehives and at the brood level. Colony breeding values were predicted to select the best adapted bee queens to enhance honeybee’s sustainable use under Southern Mediterranean climatic conditions.
The role of Heydar Aliyev in the history of the South Caucasus (1969-1982)
Authors: Sharifova Sevda Akram
Published: February 2024

The main purpose of the study is to draw attention to the role of the personality factor in the economic, social and cultural development of the Azerbaijan SSR among the 15 republics of the Soviet Union from the 1960s to the 1980s. The article analyzes the essence of the purposeful policy of the national leader of the Azerbaijani people Heydar Aliyev, who led the country during the Soviet years, and identifies the main direction of the socio-economic development of the South Caucasus during that period. Scientific innovation: the role of the personality factor in the transformation of the Azerbaijan SSR into the leading republic of the South Caucasus was identified. The leadership characteristics of the national leader Heydar Aliyev, as well as the influence of his relations with other political figures represented in the government of the USSR on the overall processes of historical development were determined. As a result, it was noted that the period of Heydar Aliyev’s political and statehood activities covering the years 1969-1982 can also be characterized as a period of true development, progress, revival, and return to national self-awareness after the Sovietization of Azerbaijan. Heydar Aliyev’s policy transformed Azerbaijan from the most backward republic included in the Soviet Union into the most rapidly developing country of the South Caucasus.
Deconstruction of V. Mayakovsky’s satirical play “The Bedbug” in a romantic-utopian and a postmodern version in Chinese reception
Authors: Liu Chao , Kuzmishcheva Natalya Mikhailovna
Published: February 2024

The study aims to identify the influence of V. Mayakovsky’s satire on Chinese drama. The paper examines the works of Chinese authors created under the influence of V. Mayakovsky’s satirical play “The Bedbug”. In Tian Han’s play “The Ballad of the Ming Tombs Reservoir” and in Jin Shan’s eponymous film, the idea of moving into the future determines the plot and the compositional structure. Meng Jinghui’s drama “The Bedbug” (the 2000, 2013 and 2017 productions) repeats the main plot of V. Mayakovsky’s play and retains many lines from the original work. This is the first staging of Mayakovsky’s play in China. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that Mayakovsky’s influence on Chinese drama is for the first time being considered from the cultural and historical perspective and reflects the dynamics of perception of Mayakovsky’s satire in China starting with a romantic-utopian view, associated with the concept of the “Great Leap Forward” (Tian Han), to a postmodern view (Meng Jinghui). The study of the Chinese-language material on the reception of Mayakovsky’s satire, which remains unexplored in Russia, will make it possible to expand the understanding of the attitude to the creative work of the Russian futurist poet and playwright abroad not only among literary scholars, but also the reading public. The study found that the satirical comedy by the Russian poet of the turn of the 19th-20th centuries in the deconstructed versions reflects the problems of the formation of Chinese society in the 20th-21st centuries.
Methodology for assessing the quality of student translations in the course “Official Business Translation” as a means of improving professional competencies among future translators
Authors: Nikiforova Alisa Michkailovna
Published: February 2024

The study aims to substantiate the need to use a methodology for assessing the quality of student translations in the course “Official Business Translation” as part of improving the professional training of future translators. The paper presents a practical experience of conducting classes on the translation of official business texts and assessing the translations, as well as students’ solutions of translation tasks. The scientific novelty of the work lies in developing a methodology for assessing the quality of student translations as a way to improve the process of teaching future translators how to render official business texts and as a means of improving their professional competencies. The results showed that the improvement of students’ knowledge and skills in the field of official business translation is possible, including through the use of a certain methodology for assessing student translations.
Transformation of literary and folklore genre structures in the literary fairy tale “Ivan the Fool” by Leo Tolstoy (1885-1886)
Authors: Sizova Irina Igorevna
Published: February 2024

The study aims to shed light on the peculiarities of transformation of literary and folklore genre structures in the literary fairy tale “Ivan the Fool” by Leo Tolstoy (1885-1886). The paper reveals the genre polyphony of this literary fairy tale by Tolstoy in comparison of its content with the problems of the philosophical novella of Voltaire, the social utopia of Th. More, F. Bacon and Plato, with the poetics of folklore (fairy tales, epics, riddles) and the military novella. The scientific novelty of the paper lies in determining the connection between Tolstoy’s artistic “ideas” in “Ivan the Fool” and the humanistic principle of his religious, philosophical and journalistic writings of the 1880s and 1900s (pacifism, criticism of historical forms of slavery, advocacy of nonviolence and universal love); in providing a historical and theoretical literary substantiation of the genre genesis of Tolstoy’s tale. As a result of the study, the genre form of Tolstoy’s literary fairy tale was characterized as a complex structure combining features of different types of literary creativity. The methods of artistic solution in this work containing socio-philosophical and ethical issues peculiar to philosophical novellas, social utopias and folk tales were classified. Scientific knowledge about folklore and ancient Russian reception in the plot, themes, images and details was supplemented with new facts.
ФАКТОРИ, ЩО ВПЛИВАЮТЬ НА ФОРМУВАННЯ ДИЗАЙНУ ІНТЕР’ЄРІВ СУЧАСНИХ БІБЛІОТЕК
Authors: Ришкевич Наталя Олександрівна , Абизов Вадим Адільєвич
Published: February 2024

Мета: визначення, аналіз та систематизація основних факторів, що впливають на формування дизайну інтер’єрів сучасних бібліотек, а також в наданні розуміння важливості врахування різноманітних факторів при проєктуванні інтер’єрів бібліотек. Методологія дослідження базується на аналізі проєктно-будівельної практики та літературних джерел з проблематики дизайну інтер’єрів бібліотек. Зокрема, використовуються такі методи: класифікація основних груп факторів за певними критеріями; систематизація та узагальнення отриманих результатів; вибіркові натурні обстеження; порівняльний аналіз.Результатами дослідження є виявлення, систематизація та ґрунтовний аналіз груп, факторів, що мають вплив на дизайн сучасних бібліотек: соціально-економічних, природно-географічних, містобудівних, ергономічних, екологічних, типологічних, технічних, естетичних і культурних. Розглянуті особливості специфіки кожної групи факторів. Наукова новизна дослідження полягає в тому, що вперше проведено комплексний аналіз основних груп факторів, виявлено їх специфіку та характеристики впливу на формування дизайну інтер’єру бібліотек. Практична значущість дослідження полягає в тому, що його результати можуть бути використані при проєктуванні та реконструкції інтер’єрів бібліотек різних типів та розмірів. Дослідження може бути корисним для дизайнерів, архітекторів, бібліотекарів та інших зацікавлених осіб, які займаються проєктуванням, будівництвом або експлуатацією бібліотек. Рекомендації щодо врахування факторів дизайну можуть допомогти дизайнерам створювати функціональні, гармонійні та привабливі простори для користувачів бібліотек. Також дослідження може сприяти популяризації бібліотечної справи та покращенню іміджу бібліотек як сучасних інформаційних центрів.
ІННОВАЦІЙНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ТА ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ ЖИВОПИСУ ФУ БАОШІ В ПЕРІОД ЙОГО ПРОЖИВАННЯ В ПРОВІНЦІЇ СИЧУАНЬ (40-Х РОКИ ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ)
Authors: ТЕН Сіяоджон
Published: February 2024

У статті досліджено процес трансформації художнього стилю Фу Баоші в період його проживання в Чунціні, провінція Сичуань під впливом модерністичних тенденцій китайського малярства початку ХХ ст. Здійснено порівняльний аналіз творів Фу Баоші у компаративному контексті розвитку китайського малярства ХХ ст., виконано мистецтвознавчий аналіз художньо-пластичних характеристик стилістично близьких творів, об’єднаних тематикою, композицією, застосованими живописними прийомами та засобами.Досліджено такі аспекти мистецької діяльності Фу Баоші: тематичний діапазон творів, їх композиційні характеристики, інноваційність мови, можливості використання живописного матеріалу для трансформації індивідуальної практики. Виявлено, що художньо-пластичні характеристики творів Фу Баоші після переїзду до провінції Сичуань відзначаються єдністю, що відображалася в тематиці, композиції, застосованих живописних прийомах та засобах. Стилістично його малярська практика того періоду визначалася виразними інноваційними підходами, на які впливали особливості місцевого ландшафту та естетична програма тогочасного суспільства. Глобалізовані синтетичні міркування стосовно живописних методів тогочасних митців спроектовано на пейзажний досвід Фу Баоші, здобутий ним у провінції Сичуань. Серед великої кількості творів, які побачили світ у сичуанський період, особлива увага звернена до серії робіт «Пейзаж дощу», в якій яскраво проявилися інноваційні та трансформаційні тенденції майстра. Встановлено, що інноваційні тенденції мистецької практики Фу Баоші можуть бути охарактеризовані як один із важливих етапів формування нової індивідуальної техніки пейзажного живопису, що згодом була названа його іменем – «Баоші Цунь».Результати наукового дослідження дозволить по новому оцінити вклад Фу Баоші у скарбницю світового мистецтва.
TELECONSULTA DE ENFERMAGEM PARA PESSOAS COM LESÃO MEDULAR: OPINIÃO DOS ENFERMEIROS SOBRE AS PRINCIPAIS ORIENTAÇÕES
Authors: Tabari Lisabel , Kamada Ivone , Rabeh Soraia Assad Nasbine , Nogueira Paula Cristina
Published: February 2024

Objetivo:Identificar a opinião dos enfermeiros sobre os principais temas a serem abordados na teleconsulta de enfermagem de um programa de telerreabilitação em lesão medular. Métodos:Estudo descritivo e exploratório, realizado com enfermeiros experientes em reabilitação de pessoas com lesão medular de uma rede de hospitais de reabilitação. Participaram do estudo 70 enfermeiros. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários autoaplicáveis construídos na plataforma do Google Forms® e organizados em planilha do Excel®. Realizou-se a análise estatística descritiva das respostas objetivas e análise de conteúdo categorial das respostas discursivas. Resultados: Os enfermeiros consideraram importante acompanhar as pessoas com lesão medular na transição do cuidado para o domicílio e fornecer orientações por meio de redes sociais, telefones e/ ou aplicativos. Verificou-se que os principais temas a serem abordados na teleconsulta de enfermagem em um serviço de telerreabilitação são cuidados com a pele e reeducação vesical e intestinal. Conclusão: A teleconsulta de enfermagem permite a troca de informações entre o enfermeiro de um serviço especializado de reabilitação e a pessoa com lesão medular em seu ambiente domiciliar, incentivando o aprendizado, viabilizando a coparticipação e a proatividade da pessoa na gestão do seu autocuidado.
“I can imagine myself being inside PC and driving”: Greek pre-schoolers drawing meaning of computers for them
Authors: Theodosiadou Sofia , Kyridis Argyris
Published: February 2024

As technology quickly and recklessly alters the way children interact, it also changes the way children learn and come to terms with this world. The present research considers the leading role of the computer in the lives of children and asks preschool children to draw their own concepts of the computer to shed light on what computers mean for them. Building upon Kress and van Leeuwen’s theoretical framework of visual grammar, 70 drawings by children from kindergartens in Thessaloniki were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Children’s pictorial depictions of their understanding of computers suggested they ascribe to them a powerful and multidimensional face, since, while they admire what a PC can do, at the same time they feel quite distant from their superpower.
STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE AND PHASE COMPOSITION OF Ni+B4C COMPOSITE COATINGS PRODUCED BY COLD SPRAYING
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University, Kulevich V. P. , Kosarev V. F. ,   Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics SB RAS, Klinkov S. V. ,   Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics SB RAS, Shikalov V. S. ,   Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics SB RAS
Published: February 2024

Проведено исследование влияния термической обработки на микроструктуру, фазовый состав и микротвердость композиционных покрытий Ni + B4C на поверхности аустенитной стали, полученных методом холодного газодинамического напыления. Показано, что покрытие в исходном состоянии представляет собой никелевую матрицу с распределенными в ней частицами B4C. Термическая обработка композиции приводит к диффузионным процессам в покрытии и формированию боридов никеля Ni3B и Ni2B. Средняя микротвердость исходного покрытия составляет 3,4 ГПа, а термообработка приводит к повышению микротвердости покрытия из-за образования твердых боридов никеля.
Public accountant professional skepticism behavior in improving audit quality: A path analysis
Authors: Adhikara MF Arrozi , Widodo Agung Mulyo
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the relationship between behavioral observation responses, namely accountability, due professional care, and professional skepticism, and their collective influence on audit quality within public accounting firms. By highlighting the mediating role of professional skepticism, our study offers a model that integrates cognitive dissonance theory with attribution theory, thereby advancing understanding in the field. Furthermore, this study employs a one-shot study approach with individual auditors as the unit of analysis. Data was collected through surveys administered to auditors working in public accounting firms registered with The Indonesian Institute of Certified Public Accountants in Jakarta. The sample comprised 123 auditors selected via Stratified Random Sampling. Path analysis using the AMOS program was employed for data analysis. The results indicate that when auditors feel a sense of accountability and exercise due professional care, they are more inclined to approach their work with heightened skepticism, positively influencing audit quality. This suggests that accountability and due professional care serve as catalysts for fostering a critical mindset among auditors. Consequently, the combined impact of these factors, along with professional skepticism, significantly contributes to enhancing audit quality, highlighting the interconnectedness of these elements in driving effective auditing practices.
A concise analysis of the construction of cultural space in thangka art from the perspective of representational and sign systems
Authors: Shuang Wang , Shuai Ren
Published: February 2024

The question, which in the process of maintaining the continuity and development of thangka painting must be addressed both theoretically and practically, is how a religious pictorial art, existing in a complex and multilayered geographical environment, can both maintain its religious character and build a cultural space capable of attracting masses of viewers.
Salt trade in the context of war in the Northern Caucasus in the first half of the 19th century
Authors: Umarov Dzhambulat
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the policy of the Russian administration to sell salt to mountaineers in the first half of the 19th century. In historiography, a stable idea has developed that the sale of salt, which was a vital commodity for the highlanders, was actively used by the tsarist administration as one of the levers of political pressure. However, documents show that from 1843 to 1853 the price of salt for the highlanders was half that for the Russian population. Also, archival documents introduced into circulation for the first time reveal the mechanisms for selling salt to non-peaceful highlanders through smuggling channels, which compensated for prohibitive measures.
National specifics of the concept of “family” in Russian and Chinese paremiology
Authors: Wenhua Huang
Published: February 2024

The article explorers paremiological units, considering the multifunctional communicative-pragmatic and discursive paradigm of knowledge. Conceptual analysis is used as one of the main methods of studying the concept of “family" in Chinese and Russian.
Neoliberal Economy and Inequalization: The Experience of Underprivileged Global Regions during 1985-2008
Authors: Miah Khaybar Ali
Published: February 2024

The perspective of plausible new paradigm of inflated unequal economic growth during the era of globalization produced a mounting paradoxical order of persistent inequality in a new form. The paradigm of massive historical process spurred by the Neo-liberal doctrine deteriorated the developing regions with sheer experience of the concentration of poverty and social insecurity. The most tragic aspect is that it eroded the hope of success of the poor regions by creating their dependency institutionalized with the institutionalization of ever-growing gap between countries and within countries. However, the usual consequence of the crises of neoliberal financial market capitalism led to a new political dimension of ‘Post-neoliberalism’. Focusing briefly on these key-issues, the present article attempts to explore the consequential effect of the unleashed capital over the developing and underprivileged global regions. Finally, the article concludes with the need for the accomplishment of the solidarity of common development towards the space of social security and a real democratic global environment. Hence, the approach towards social solidarity would invariably be an alternative paradigm of today’s global society.
Can Religion Drive Economic Complexification in Early Human Societies? A Cross-Cultural Analysis of North American Archaeological Data
Authors: Buck Zach
Published: February 2024

Varied niche construction approaches to religion in early human societies suggest religious specialization and economic complexification share a co-evolutionary relationship. However, limited analyses exist in the archaeological domain to test this assumption at a cross-cultural scale. Should religion and religious morphology be seen as a driver of early economic complexification, or only its product? To investigate the relationship of social complexity and religious specialization in early human societies, the following paper presents findings from a cross-cultural analysis of 21 North American indigenous archaeological traditions with data hosted on eHRAF: Archaeology. Results provide mixed support for an approach to religion as a driver of economic complexification, with religious control of food storage and feasting important mediators. These results are interpreted in light of recent work which emphasizes food storage as a basic economic element required for the development of religious specialization, as well as Hayden’s paleo-political ecology (PPE) model, a classic theory in North American archaeology on the relationship between food storage, religion, feasting, and social complexification. Discussion additionally focuses on interactions between niche construction approaches which emphasize religion’s adaptive benefits and the PPE model, which focuses religion’s capacity to stabilize social inequality.
Government-initiated Votes of Confidence in Parliamentary Democracies
Authors: Bromo Francesco
Published: February 2024

When do incumbents call a vote of confidence? Despite it being one of the most consequential tools afforded to parliamentary administrations, the scholarly literature lacks empirical evidence vis-à-vis the conditions that incentivize cabinets to tie their survival to the endorsement of a particular statement or passage of a bill. In this article, I draw upon an original dataset covering more than 400 government-initiated votes of confidence across 14 countries (1945-2021) to map out applications of these votes and investigate the circumstances that prompt executives in parliamentary systems to choose the vote of confidence procedure over other mechanisms at their disposal. I argue that the variation in the political environment and constitutional arrangements systematically affects the frequency of confidence motions. Using mixed-effect logistic regression, I show that leaders' decision as to if or when to rely on this instrument is shaped by various contingent, structural, and institutional determinants. This study contributes to the research on executive power under parliamentarism by providing the first cross-national, quantitative analysis of votes of confidence called by the government. In doing so, it refines our theoretical understanding of restrictive parliamentary procedures such as the vote of confidence: they can facilitate the achievement of the best possible electoral and policy outcomes given the preference of a majority. Finally, this study demonstrates that, while restrictive in its effect, the use of these procedures is constrained by factors transcending the preferences of the majority.
Magma solidification effects during sill emplacement: insights from laboratory experiments
Authors: Arachchige Uchitha , Cruden Alexander , Weinberg Roberto
Published: February 2024

Igneous sills and interconnected sill complexes transport magma both vertically through the Earth’s crust and laterally over potentially long distances. Although cooling and solidification of magma are acknowledged to play a major role in the propagation and emplacement of sills, their contributions to sill formation remain poorly understood. Here, the effects of solidification on sill propagation dynamics and the resulting intrusion morphologies are investigated using scaled laboratory experiments. Hot coconut oil (magma analogue) that solidifies during emplacement is injected as a sill into a colder, layered, solid visco-elasto-plastic gel (Laponite RD®, host rock analogue). Molten coconut oil is injected directly into the horizontal interface between two Laponite RD® layers to facilitate sill formation. The injection temperature and volumetric flow rate of the coconut oil are systematically varied between experiments in order to vary the degree of solidification. When solidification effects are relatively weak (high injection temperatures), sill propagation is continuous and forms penny-shaped intrusions that later turn into saucer-shaped sills with marginal segmentation. Conversely, when solidification effects are intermediate to relatively strong (low injection temperatures), sills develop complex elongate morphologies that lengthen parallel to the long-axis of the magma flow direction. Such sills also form in a discontinuous manner and propagate in pulses by growth of discrete marginal lobes, representing periods of tip arrest due to freezing, followed by growth of new lobes at the sill margins. A striking morphological feature that occurs in experiments with intermediate to relatively strong solidification effects is the presence of internal flow channels within sills, which can be: (a) thermally controlled, long-lived channels in intermediate solidification experiments; or (b) structurally controlled, randomly oriented short-lived channels in strong solidification experiments. Our experimental findings are consistent with field and seismic observations of sill geometries, and they highlight that the relative degree of solidification during magma emplacement controls both how sills propagate and their internal flow dynamics.
Simple changes to content curation algorithms affect the beliefs people form in a collaborative filtering experiment
Authors: Burton Jason W. , Herzog Stefan Michael , Lorenz-Spreen Philipp
Published: February 2024

Content-curating algorithms provide a crucial service for social media users by surfacing relevant content, but they can also bring about harms when their objectives are misaligned with user values and welfare. Yet, potential behavioral consequences of this alignment problem remain understudied in controlled experiments. In a preregistered, two-wave, collaborative filtering experiment, we demonstrate that small changes to the metrics used for sampling and ranking posts affect the beliefs people form. Our results show observable differences in two types of outcomes within statisticized groups: belief accuracy and consensus. We find partial support for hypotheses that the recently proposed approaches of "bridging-based ranking" and "intelligence-based ranking" promote consensus and belief accuracy, respectively. We also find that while personalized, engagement-based ranking promotes posts that participants perceive favorably, it simultaneously leads those participants to form more polarized and less accurate beliefs than any of the other algorithms considered.
Using Gibbs Sampling with People to characterize perceptual and aesthetic evaluations in multidimensional visual stimulus space
Authors: Van Geert Eline , Jacoby Nori
Published: February 2024

Aesthetic appreciation is inherently multidimensional: many different stimulus dimensions (e.g., colors, shapes, sizes) contribute to our aesthetic experience. However, most studies in empirical aesthetics used either non-parametrically controlled multidimensional or parametrically controlled unidimensional stimuli, preventing insight into the relative contribution of each stimulus dimension or any potential interactions between them to perceptual and aesthetic evaluations. We combined two recent developments to remedy this gap: the Order & Complexity Toolbox for Aesthetics (Van Geert, Bossens, & Wagemans, 2023) for generating multidimensional parametrically controlled stimuli, and Gibbs Sampling with People (Harrison et al., 2020) for efficiently characterizing subjective evaluations in multidimensional stimulus space. We showcase the advantages of this new approach by estimating multidimensional probability distributions for both aesthetic (pleasure and interest) and perceptual evaluations (order and complexity) in two visual multidimensional parametric stimulus spaces, and we compare our results with findings from earlier studies that used either non-parametric or unidimensional stimuli.
Assessing the Effects of a Yearly Renewable Education Program Through Causal Mediation Analysis
Authors: Kim Hanna , Kim Jee-Seon
Published: February 2024

When education programs are renewed yearly, participation in such programs can vary over time, resulting in multiple patterns of participation. One such example is the national Head Start program administered for two consecutive years, serving children aged three and four. Even though there are four possible patterns of Head Start attendance, Head Start has often been examined as a one-time event in early childhood education literature, with only the effect of early Head Start attendance at age three being evaluated. In this study, we propose to apply causal mediation analysis to the study of yearly renewable education programs, separating the effect of initial program attendance into sequential effects of the programs over time and long-term effects of initial program attendance. We adopt a parametric closed-form estimation that combines regression models to examine the effect of Head Start on children's receptive vocabulary using data from the Head Start Impact Study as an illustration. Our analysis exemplifies how the effect of a yearly renewable education program can be attributed to different program attendance histories and invites further research on studying time-varying treatment effects as causal mediation effects.
VPN Activism: Defending Freedom and Truth by Circumventing Internet Censorship
Authors: Kwak-Danciu Grace
Published: February 2024

Internet censorship is an increasingly popular method for repressive governments to control their populations. This study examines the experience of ‘VPN activists,’ people who create and distribute VPNs (virtual private networks) to enable others to circumvent Internet censorship. VPN activism is important because it changes the dynamics around Internet censorship, generating effects that decrease the extent to which a regime’s censorship goals may be achieved. VPN activists' innovative use of technology to empower others from afar is a new type of activism that has not yet been deeply studied by social movement scholars. Using a qualitative, inductive approach based primarily on interviews with VPN activists, this study sheds light on this phenomenon by examining how VPN activists interpret their experience of helping people overcome Internet censorship. The findings reveal that VPN activists consider their work to be a way of bringing freedom and truth to people under repression, based on a deep-seated belief that full Internet access is a fundamental right. Participants detailed numerous challenges inherent in the work, and described how they were able to mitigate the challenges. Notably, they also expressed a sense of ‘Internet realism,’ acknowledging the darker sides of the Internet but still believing that their work would result in a net-positive impact.
Genetic Influences on Depression and Selection into Adverse Life Experiences
Authors: Rauf Tamkinat , Freese Jeremy
Published: February 2024

Genome-wide association studies find that a large number of genetic variants jointly influence the risk of depression, which is summarized by polygenic indices (PGIs) of depressive symptoms and major depression. But PGIs by design remain agnostic about the causal mechanisms linking genes to depression. Meanwhile, the role of adverse life experiences in shaping depression risk is well-documented, including via gene-environment correlation. Building on theoretical work on dynamic and contingent genetic selection, we suggest that genetic influences may lead to differential selection into negative life experiences, forging gene-environment correlations that manifest in various permutations of depressive behaviors and environmental adversities. Using data from two large surveys of middle-aged and older US adults, we investigate to what extent a PGI of depression predicts the risk of 27 different adversities. Further, to glean insights about the kinds of processes that might lead to gene-environment correlation, we augment these analyses with data from an original preregistered survey to measure cultural understandings of the behavioral dependence of various adversities. We find that the PGI predicts the risk of majority of adversities, net of class background and prior depression, and that the selection risk is greater for adversities typically perceived as being dependent on peoples’ own behaviors. These findings suggest that the PGI of depression largely picks up the risk of behaviorally-influenced adversities, but to a lesser degree also captures other environmental influences. The results invite further exploration into the behavioral and interactional processes that lie along the pathways intervening between genetic differences and wellbeing.
बादी समुदायका बालबालिकाहरूको विद्यालय शिक्षामा पहुँच
Authors: खनाल Khanal दिपक  Dipak
Published: February 2024

प्रस्तुत लेख समाजमा पछाडि परेको दलित जाति भित्रको पनि दलित भनेर चिनिने बादी समुदायका बालबालिकाहरूको विद्यालय शिक्षामा पहुँचको अवस्था विषयमा केन्द्रित छ । बादी समुदायका बालबालिकाहरूको विद्यालयमा सहभागिता, प्रमुख शैक्षिक समस्याहरू र शैक्षिक समस्याहरूलाई समाधान गर्ने उपायहरू खोजी गर्ने उद्देश्यले सुर्खेत जिल्लाको वीरेन्द्रनगर नगरपालिका वडा नं. १० झुप्रा खोला किनाराको बादी बस्तीलाई आधार मानी २०७६ साल माघ र फागुन महिनामा अध्ययन क्षेत्रमा गई अवलोकन, सम्बन्धित सरोकारवाला पक्षसँग छलफल र अन्तर्वार्तामार्फत सूचना तथा जानकारीहरू प्राप्त गरिएको थियो । प्रधानाध्यापक, शिक्षक, विद्यार्थी, अभिभावक र विभिन्न संघसंस्थाका प्रतिनिधिका विचारहरूलाई विभिन्न सिद्धान्त र साहित्यसँग तुलना गरी निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ । बादी समुदायको बाहुल्यता भएको ठाउँका विद्यालयहरूमा समेत उनीहरूको विद्यालयमा सहभागिताको अवस्था न्यून रहेको देखिन्छ । उनीहरूका प्रमुख शैक्षिक समस्याहरू गरिबी, जनचेतनाको अभाव कायमै रहनु र बालविवाह आदि छन् । चेतनामूलक र आयआर्जनमूलक कार्यक्रम सञ्चालन, भेदभावपूर्व वातावरणको अन्त्य गरी बालबालिकाहरूलाई विद्यालयमा दिवा खाजा र छात्रवृत्ति रकमको वृद्धि गरिनुका साथै सिपमूलक शिक्षा प्रदान गरी रोजगारीको सुनिश्चितता गर्नुपर्ने जस्ता कुराहरू अध्ययन क्षेत्रमा सम्बन्धित सरोकारवाला पक्षहरूले औंल्याएका छन् । अनुकूल वातावरण सृजना गरी बादी समुदायका बालबालिकाहरूलाई विद्यालय शिक्षामा पहुँच अभिवृद्धि गर्नुपर्ने देखिन्छ ।
‘छिमेकी’ कथामा सङ्कथनात्मक निर्मितिको प्रयोग {The use of syntactic building in the Chhimeki story}
Authors: बरई Barai त्रिभुवन Tribhiwan
Published: February 2024

प्रस्तुत लेखमा सङ्कथनात्मक निर्मितिको सैद्धान्तिक मान्यताका आधारमा कथाकार गुरुप्रसाद मैनालीद्वारा लिखित ‘छिमेकी’ कथाको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । उक्त कथामा प्रयुक्त सांसारिक, कार्यात्मक र क्रियाकलापगत निर्मितिको अवस्था केकस्तो छ भन्ने जिज्ञासाकोे परिपूर्ति गर्नका लागि यो अध्ययन गरिएको हो । निर्मितिको सैद्धान्तिक पर्याधारलाई आधार बनाई प्राथमिक एवं द्वितीयक स्तरको सामग्रीको उपयोग गरी गुणात्मक र पाठविश्लेषणात्मक शोधविधि अपनाई यस लेखलाई पूर्णता प्रदान गरिएकोे छ । प्रस्तुत कथामा प्रयुक्त सांसारिक निर्मितिसँग सम्बद्ध पक्षको अध्ययन उपस्थित र अनुपस्थित यथार्थ, कार्यात्मक निर्मितिसित सम्बन्धित पक्षको विश्लेषण प्रिय वस्तुप्रतिको आकर्षण र संरक्षण, अपरिहार्यता र अन्तनिर्भरता तथा क्रियाकलापगत निर्मितिसँग सम्बद्ध जिज्ञासाको मूल्याङ्कन राजनीतिक र सामाजिक शक्तिजस्ता मानदण्डका आधारमा गरिएको छ । सांसारिक, कार्यात्मक र क्रियाकलापगत निर्मितिको प्रयोगले प्रस्तुत कथाको सारवस्तुको प्रस्तुतीकरण र बोधमा महŒवपूर्ण भूमिका वहन गरी कथालाई कलात्मक, सौन्दर्यपूर्ण र मानवीय संवेदनायुक्त बनाएको कुरा यस अध्ययनमा प्राप्त गरिएको छ । अन्त्यमा, उक्त निर्मितिको प्रयोगले प्रस्तुत कथाको आपसी एकता, सद्भाव र परस्परको सहयोग, लोककल्याण र मानवताको सर्वोपरिता तथा छिमेकीहरूको आवश्यकता र अपरिहार्यतासँग सम्बद्ध पक्षको अङ्कनका माध्यमबाट आदर्शवादी समाजको स्थापनाप्रतिको दृष्टिकोण र चिन्तन पाठकसमक्ष सम्प्रेषित हुनुले कथाकार मैनालीमा कथासिर्जना गर्ने शिल्प र सामथ्र्य बेजोड रहेकोे निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
ख्वपदेश उपन्यासमा सांस्कृतिक चेतना {Cultural Consciousness in Khwapadesh Novel}
Authors: भुसाल Bhusal प्रेमनारायण Premnarayan
Published: February 2024

‘ख्वपदेश’ भादगाउँले (भक्तपुरे) समाजको सामाजिक र सांस्कृतिक पक्षलाई ऐतिहासिक परिवेशमा राखेर सिर्जना गरिएको उपन्यास हो । भादगाउँले समाजका रीतिस्थिति, प्रथापरम्परा, चालचलन र त्यहाँ विद्यमान जाति प्रथाले सिर्जना गरेका विभिन्न किसिमका सामाजिक विखण्डन र विकृतिका रूपहरूलाई समेत समावेश गरेर इतिहास र सामाजिक परिदृश्यका सीमारेखाबाट अगाडि बढेको उपन्यास भएकाले यहाँ भक्तपुरे संस्कृतिका परिदृश्यहरू बिम्बित भएका छन् । सांस्कृतिक यथार्थ र औपन्यासिक विधागत मूल्यका बिच तालमेल गर्न खोज्दा संस्कृतिको यथार्थ रूप केकति चित्रित हुन पुग्यो भन्ने कुराको अन्वेषणका लागि कृतिको सर्वाङ्गीण अध्ययन, विश्लेषण तथा तत्कालीन समय र संस्कृतिचेतनाको आवश्यकता पर्दछ । पौरस्त्य संस्कृतिका पृष्ठभूमिमा भक्तपुरे समाजले अङ्गीकार गर्दै आएका आफ्ना मौलिक प्रथा र परम्पराहरूलाई समेत केकस्ता स्थानमा समावेश गरिएको छ भन्ने कुराको अध्ययनका लागि सांस्कृतिक उपकरणहरूको सहयोग लिइएको छ । कृतिमा उपन्यासकारले आफ्नो संस्कृति, सभ्यता र परम्पराको जगेर्ना गर्न सके मात्र जुनकुनै जातजातिको अस्तित्व सुरक्षित रहन सक्ने सन्देश प्रवाह गरेका छन् । ज्यापु समुदायलाई राज्य र समाजका अन्य पक्षबाट त्यति राम्रो दृष्टिले नहेरिएको सन्दर्भमा उपन्यासकारले यस समुदायको गौरवपूर्ण अतीत उद्घाटन गरी उच्च मनोबलका साथ अगाडि बढ्नका लागि मार्गप्रशस्त गर्ने काम गरेका छन् । इतिहास र सामाजिक यथार्थको दोसाँधमा रहेको प्रस्तुत उपन्यासले नेपाली ऐतिहासिक उपन्यास परम्परामा फरक किसिमको धारलाई आमन्त्रण गरेको छ । मातृप्रधान समाजका रूपमा रहेको ज्यापु समुदायकी शिक्षित, अनुशासित र संस्कृतिप्रेमी नारी पात्र चकनालाई प्रमुख नायिकाको भूमिका दिएर रचना गरिएको प्रस्तुत उपन्यासले भक्तपुरको संस्कृति, समाज र इतिहासलाई चियाउने आँखीझ्यालको रूप ग्रहण गरेको छ । ऐतिहासिक, सांस्कृतिक, सामाजिक र साहित्यिक मूल्यले समेत उच्च स्थान प्राप्त गर्न सकेको प्रस्तुत उपन्यास नेपाली साहित्यमा महत्त्वपूर्ण कृतिका रूपमा रहेको छ ।
Tipe Perilaku Impulsive Buying, Etnografi Para Digital Natives
Authors: Novinda Zsasa , Yunika Puspasari Emma
Published: February 2024

The existence of increasingly sophisticated digital technology has caused people's activities to experience changes in terms of consumption. Jayabaya's prediction "Yen Pasar Ilang Kumandhange" has a philosophy regarding the change in people's consumption to online. Even though this prediction was created a long time ago, this prediction is in accordance with current market conditions which are increasingly empty of visitors. As a result of these changes, new activities have emerged, namely impulsive buying behavior. This research aims to examine whether Jayabaya's predictive philosophy applies to digital natives, the motives behind groups of digital natives carrying out impulsive buying behavior and to categorize the types of impulsive buying behavior in digital natives. This research approach is a qualitative approach with a realist ethnographic model. The data collection methods used were observation, interviews, digital studies, literature studies and documentation. The analysis used in this research is the Spradley analysis. The research results show (1) Jayabaya's prediction philosophy applies to digital natives, (2) there are several motives behind digital natives' impulsive buying behavior, namely convenience and superiority of the marketplace, product, price, payment method, advertising, surrounding environment, trends, and self-control , (3) most digital natives fall into the planned impulse buying type.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF EXISTING METHODS OF DETERMINING THE MINIMUM BREAKTHROUGH TIME OF GAS FILTERS
Authors:   Dnipro University of Technology, Radchuk Dmytro , Cheberyachko Serhii ,   Dnipro University of Technology, Cheberyachko Yurii ,   Dnipro University of Technology, Deryugin Oleg ,   Dnipro University of Technology
Published: February 2024

Purpose. To analyze the existing systems and means of determining the minimum breakthrough time of gas filters, to establish their advantages and disadvantages. Methodology. The analysis of the effectiveness of means of determining the minimum breakthrough time of gas filters was carried out according to five criteria: ease of use, functionality, effectiveness, reliability and adaptability, which are the main indicators of the quality of any on a five-point scale, where 1 point corresponds to a lowest level of assessment, and 5 - to the highest, with the involvement of groups of experts and technical specialists, each consisting of 5 people working in the field of development and quality control of personal respiratory protective equipment. Research results. An analysis of regulatory requirements for determining the minimum breakthrough time of personal respiratory protective equipment against gases was carried out, which made it possible to establish the existence of requirements for determining the minimum breakthrough time of respirators. An analysis of six existing approaches to determining the minimum breakthrough time of gas filters was carried out, and it was shown that the approach of determining the term of protective action based on smell cannot be used in production conditions. An analysis of the effectiveness of approaches to determining the minimum breakthrough time of gas filters was carried out according to the five established criteria, which made it possible to determine the most promising approach to determining the minimum breakthrough time - Replacement of gas filters when the indicator is triggered. Recommendations have been developed regarding the use of the minimum breakthrough time of filters and the areas of application of such systems. Scientific novelty. The most effective approach to determining the minimum breakthrough time based on five arterial assessments has been substantiated. It has been found out what characterizes the consumer properties of the product: reliability, effectiveness, simplicity, adaptability and functionality. Practical significance. Recommendations have been developed regarding the use of the minimum breakthrough time of filters and the areas of application of such systems.
IMPACT OF HIGH TEMPERATURE ON THE COLOR CHANGE OF NATURAL FACING STONE IN THE CIELAB SYSTEM
Authors:   Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University, Bilobrov D. , Vapnichna V. ,   Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University
Published: February 2024

Methodology. The samples were prepared in the form of 15x15 cm cubes. One side was polished, while the others were sawn. The samples were subjected to thermal heating in a muffle furnace at temperatures of 200, 400, 600, and 800 °C. The stone samples were heated slowly at a rate of 4 °C per minute. Upon reaching the desired temperature, the stones were maintained at that temperature for 1 hour. After heating, the stone samples were slowly cooled in the muffle furnace for 24 hours. Each experiment included three samples of stone of each type. Images of the natural stone were scanned before and after heating, and then processed using software to obtain quantitative color change indicators in the CIELab system. Results. With increasing temperature, the surface of Leznikiv granite became lighter due to a change from a saturated dark-red color to a light-red color and the appearance of white mineral spots. When heated, Maslav granite lost its green color, and brown spots appeared in place of the green. Heating the surface of gabbro resulted in the appearance of brown spots, with the area of spots increasing as the temperature increased. Labradorites also developed brown spots, which increased in size with higher temperatures. Additionally, the iridescence of labradorite disappeared with increasing temperature, and the surface acquired a lighter shade. Scientific novelty. For the first time, a correlation was established between the propagation speed of ultrasonic waves in Leznikiv, Maslav granites, Bukin gabbro, and Kateryniv labradorite when heated to 800 degrees. Leznikiv granite exhibited the smallest loss in ultrasonic wave speed, while Maslav granite showed the highest loss. Comparing labradorite and gabbro, labradorite had the least loss in ultrasonic wave speed when heated. Practical Significance. The findings of this study provide the ability to predict color changes in natural stone when subjected to heating.