bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Impact of Long-Term Applications of MTAD and EDTA Irrigation Agents on Dentin Structure: A Scanning Electron Microscope Study
Authors: Kaya Sadullah , Ganidağlı Ayaz Selengül , Uysal İbrahim , Akkuş Zeki
Published: October 2011

Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 20-min applications of MTAD and 15% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solutions during final irrigation on the demineralization of root canal dentin.

Methodology: Forty mandibular and maxillary single-rooted teeth were randomly divided into two groups. During initial irrigation following the use of each file, 2 mL of 2.5% sodium hypochloride (NaOCl) solution was applied to all teeth. During final irrigation, 5 mL of EDTA solution was applied to the teeth in Group 1 and 5 mL MTAD solution was applied to the teeth in Group 2. Both solutions were applied for 20 min. All teeth were then washed with 5 mL distilled water and dried with paper points. The teeth were buccolingually bisected along the long axes using hammers and chisels. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images were then obtained and scored.

Results: Mann–Whitney U tests revealed significant differences between the MTAD and EDTA groups (p < 0.001).

Conclusions: The EDTA solution produced more demineralized areas in the dentin tubules than the MTAD solution.

How to cite this article: Kaya S, Ayaz SG, Uysal İ, Akkuş Z. Comparison of the Impact of Long-Term Applications of MTAD and EDTA Irrigation Agents on Dentin Structure: A Scanning Electron Microscope Study. Int Dent Res 2011;2:60-64.

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Nuclear Protein in Testis Midline Carcinomas: A Lethal and Underrecognized Entity
Authors: Davis Brian N. , Karabakhtsian Rouzan G. , Pettigrew Anjana L. , Arnold Susanne M. , French Chris A. , Musgrave Brill Yolanda
Published: October 2011

A 54-year-old woman presented with a nasal mass. Biopsy demonstrated undifferentiated tumor cells with extensive apoptosis and necrosis. Chromosome analysis identified a 46,XX,t(15;19)(q13;p13.1) pattern. Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed NUT rearrangement. A Ewing sarcoma–based chemotherapy regimen and concurrent irradiation obtained a dramatic response; however, the patient died of her disease less than 7 months after initial diagnosis. NUT midline carcinomas are rare, aggressive tumors defined by rearrangement of the NUT gene on 15q14. A solitary translocation involving 15q14 is usually the sole chromosomal abnormality in these carcinomas. Immunohistochemical expression of NUT in the nuclei of non–germ cell tumors is theoretically diagnostic. More widespread use of a newly available NUT immunohistochemical stain will facilitate the diagnosis of NUT rearranged carcinomas. From the growing numbers of identified cases, effective targeted therapies can be developed.
Assessment of Latent Factors Contributing to Error: Addressing Surgical Pathology Error Wisely
Authors: Smith Maxwell L. , Raab Stephen S.
Published: October 2011

Context.—Methods to improve surgical pathology patient safety include measuring the frequency of error in specific steps of the surgical pathology testing process, root cause analysis of active and latent components, and implementation of quality improvement initiatives.

Objective.—To determine the frequency and cause of near-miss events in the specimen accessioning, setup, and biopsy-only gross examination testing steps of anatomic pathology.

Design.—We used an observational checklist method to identify near-miss events. We performed root cause analysis to determine latent factors contributing to near-miss events. We conducted observations for 45 hours during 5 days, involving the accessioning and processing of 335 specimens.

Results.—We detected a total of 2310 process-dependent and 266 operator-dependent near-miss events, resulting in a near-miss–event frequency of 5.5 per specimen. Root cause analysis showed that all process and operator near-miss events were associated with multiple system latent factors, including lack of standardized protocols, appropriate knowledge transfer, and focus on safety culture.

Conclusion.—We conclude that the increased focus on surgical pathology near-miss events will reveal latent factors that may be targeted for improvement.
Science Fiction and Empire
Authors: Kerslake Patricia
Published: October 2011

This book is about the human desire to experiment with empire. In the past it was done with real soldiers and expeditions and slaves and trade and misery and force. In the future it will be done with generation ships and off-world pioneers, robots and invasion, electronic sheep and people who just dont want to be pushed around any more. Beginning with a discussion of who we are (hopefully, the good guys) and who they are (anyone who isnt us), this narrative scans the lights of science fiction looking at the places where humans try to touch a variety of futures. Is SF designed to purge our dark imperialistic fantasies, or is it a laboratory of mind-experiments: carefully considered trials of political, social and economic scenarios? Which tomorrow are we more likely to accept  where the blood of empire is red or read ? Examining such classic SF texts as Lasswitzs Two Planets and Wells The War of the Worlds, this book investigates Asimovs Robots and Heinleins Moon, as well as Robinsons Mars and Banks postcolonial Culture. We see the rise-and-fall of empire through the eyes of Miller, Clarke and Wyndham, and the apparently inevitable failure of the imperial project as discussed in Solaris, The Dispossessed and The Forever War. This book offers an insight into the darkest power abuses of mankind; where the oppression, silencing and marginalisation of those who are not-us continues and flourishes. Who are the monsters of our future  the Others invading from another planet, or the unseen and unrecognised Other within?
Argentina's Partisan Past
Authors: Goebel Michael
Published: October 2011

Argentinas Partisan Past is a challenging new study about the production, the spread and the use of understandings of national history and identity for political purposes in twentieth-century Argentina. Based on extensive research of primary and published sources, it analyses how nationalist views about what it meant to be Argentine were built into the countrys long drawn-out crisis of liberal democracy from the 1930s to the 1980s. Eschewing the notion of any straightforward relationship between cultural customs, ideas and political practices, the study seeks to provide a more nuanced framework for understanding the interplay between popular culture, intellectuals and the state in the promotion, co-option and repression of conflicting narratives about the nations history. Particular attention is given to the conditions for the production and the political use of cultural goods, especially the writings of historians. The intimate linkage between history and politics, it is argued, helped Argentinas partisan past of the period following independence to cast its shadow onto the middle decades of the twentieth century. This process is scrutinised within the framework of recent approaches to the study of nationalism, in an attempt to communicate the major scholarly debates of this field with the case of Argentina. The book is a valuable resource to both students of Argentine history and those interested in the ways in which nationalism has shaped our contemporary world.
Regulation of subchondral bone osteoblast metabolism by cyclic compression
Authors: Sanchez Christelle , Pesesse Laurence , Gabay Odile , Delcour Jean‐Pierre , Msika Philippe , Baudouin Caroline , Henrotin Yves E.
Published: October 2011

Objective

Recent data have shown that abnormal subchondral bone remodeling plays an important role in osteoarthritis (OA) onset and progression, and it was suggested that abnormal mechanical pressure applied to the articulation was responsible for these metabolic changes. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of cyclic compression on osteoblasts from OA subchondral bone.

Methods

Osteoblasts were isolated from sclerotic and nonsclerotic areas of human OA subchondral bone. After 28 days, the osteoblasts were surrounded by an abundant extracellular matrix and formed a resistant membrane, which was submitted to cyclic compression (1 MPa at 1 Hz) for 4 hours. Gene expression was evaluated by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Protein production in culture supernatants was quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay or visualized by immunohistochemistry.

Results

Compression increased the expression of genes coding for interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), cyclooxygenase 2, RANKL, fibroblast growth factor 2, IL‐8, matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP‐3), MMP‐9, and MMP‐13 but reduced the expression of osteoprotegerin in osteoblasts in both sclerotic and nonsclerotic areas. Colα1(I) and MMP‐2 were not significantly affected by mechanical stimuli. Nonsclerotic osteoblasts were significantly more sensitive to compression than sclerotic ones, but after compression, differences in messenger RNA levels between nonsclerotic and sclerotic osteoblasts were largely reduced or even abolished. Under basal conditions, sclerotic osteoblasts expressed similar levels of α5, αv, β1, and β3 integrins and CD44 as nonsclerotic osteoblasts but 30% less connexin 43, an important mechanoreceptor.

Conclusion

Genes involved in subchondral bone sclerosis are mechanosensitive. After compression, nonsclerotic and sclerotic osteoblasts expressed a similar phenotype, suggesting that compression could be responsible for the phenotype changes in OA subchondral osteoblasts.
Lack of an effect of anacetrapib on the pharmacokinetics of digoxin in healthy subjects
Authors: Krishna Rajesh , Stypinski Daria , Ali Melissa , Garg Amit , Gendrano Isaias Noel , Maes Andrea , DeGroot Bruce , Liu Yang , Li Susie , Connolly Sandra M. , Wagner John A. , Stoch S. Aubrey
Published: October 2011

Anacetrapib is currently being developed for the oral treatment of dyslipidemia. A clinical study was conducted in healthy subjects to assess the potential for an interaction with orally administered digoxin. Anacetrapib was generally well tolerated when co‐administered with digoxin in the healthy subjects in this study. The geometric mean ratios (GMR) for (digoxin + anacetrapib/digoxin alone) and 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for digoxin AUC0‐last and AUC0‐∞ were 1.05 (0.96, 1.15) and 1.07 (0.98, 1.17), respectively, both being contained in the accepted interval of bioequivalence (0.80, 1.25), the primary hypothesis of the study. The GMR (digoxin + anacetrapib /digoxin alone) and 90% CIs for digoxin Cmax were 1.23 (1.14, 1.32). Median Tmax and mean apparent terminal t½ of digoxin were comparable between the two treatments. The single‐dose pharmacokinetics of orally administered digoxin were not meaningfully affected by multiple‐dose administration of anacetrapib, indicating that anacetrapib does not meaningfully inhibit P‐glycoprotein. Thus, no dosage adjustment for digoxin is necessary when co‐administered with anacetrapib. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Randomized clinical trial of epidural, spinal or patient-controlled analgesia for patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery (Br J Surg 2011; 98: 1068–1078)
Authors: Stevens M F , de Nes L , Hollmann M W
Published: October 2011

The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses should be sent electronically via the BJS http://www.bjs.co.uk. All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length.
Plasmodium induced by SU6656, an Src family kinase inhibitor, is accompanied by a contractile ring defect
Authors: Yoshida Keiichiro , Ono Michio , Bito Haruhiko , Mikami Taro , Sawada Hajime
Published: October 2011

We have shown that SU6656, a potent Src family kinase inhibitor, has the ability to induce multinucleation at a high frequency in diverse cells: rat skin fibroblasts, bone marrow adherent cells, 5F9A mesenchymal stem cell‐like clones, 2C5 tracheal epithelial cells and MDCK epithelial cells from dog kidney. To gain insight into the mechanism of multinucleation, we observed the process by time‐lapse and confocal microscopy. These multinuclei generally seem to exist independently in one cell without any connections with each other. By time‐lapse microscopy, multinucleated cells were found to be formed through the mechanism of plasmodium: karyokinesis without cytokinesis. The observation of EGFP‐actin transfected cells by time‐lapse confocal laser scanning microscopy suggested that plasmodium occurred with deficient contractile ring formation. Although we examined the differentiation of these cells, the multinucleated cells could not be categorized into any type of cell in vivo known to exhibit multinuclei. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling the Presence of Humic Acid in Ultrafiltration of Xenobiotic Compounds: Elman Recurrent Neural Network
Authors: Ghaemi N. , Madaeni S. S. , Abolhasani M. , Zahedi G. , Rajabi H.
Published: October 2011

Predicting the rejection of pesticides in ultrafiltration (UF) processes in the presence of common components of dissolved natural organic matter would be taken into consideration as a principle for surface water treatment. This paper presents the application of the Elman Recurrent Neural Network (ERNN) model, which has been trained with previously‐obtained experimental data so as to predict the rejection of a class of xenobiotic compounds (nitrophenols (NPs)) dynamically, in the absence and in the presence of humic acid at neutral and acidic conditions. For each trained network, the training function, number of neurons in the hidden and output layers, number of epochs, train and test MSE (mean square error) and MRE (mean relative error) were compared to find the best ERNN. The trained MRE and test MSE for all NPs at the neutral condition was, respectively, less than 1.03 % (4.9 % at acidic condition) and 2.4 % (2.01 % at acidic condition), which showed high network reliability.
Catalytic Oxidative Decomposition of Hydrazine in Vapor Phase over Nanosized Au/γ‐Al2O3
Authors: Pakdehi S. G. , Sohrabi M.
Published: October 2011

The catalytic activity of nanosized Au/γ‐Al2O3, synthesized by a deposition‐precipitation process, on oxidative decomposition of hydrazine in air is discussed. The catalyst exhibited an excellent activity at low temperatures. The activity was strongly dependent upon the gold cluster size. The impacts of certain pertinent operating parameters including the particle size of the catalyst, temperature, hydrazine concentration, and feed flow rate on the extent of the reaction were investigated. The results were reproducible with a mean absolute deviation of 3 %. Deactivation of the catalyst during the reaction was found to be unlikely. Finally, a kinetic model based on the Eley‐Rideal formulation was proposed for the reaction and a correlation was made between the data predicted from the model and those determined experimentally.
ChemInform Abstract: A Raman Spectroscopic Study of the XeOF4/XeF2 System and the X‐Ray Crystal Structure of α‐XeOF4·XeF2.
Authors: Hughes Michael J. , Brock David S. , Mercier Helene P. A. , Schrobilgen Gary J.
Published: October 2011

The interaction of XeF2 with excess XeOF4 leads to the formation of a mixture of α‐XeOF4·XeF2 and β‐XeOF4·XeF2.
ChemInform Abstract: A Tale of Two Polymorphs — Growth and Characterization of α‐LnNiGa4 (Ln: Y, Gd—Yb) and β‐LnNi1‐xGa4 (Ln: Tb—Er).
Authors: Menard Melissa C. , Drake Brenton L. , McCandless Gregory T. , Thomas Kandace R. , Hembree Richard D. , Haldolaarachchige Neel , DiTusa John F. , Young David P. , Chan Julia Y.
Published: October 2011

Single crystals of two polymorphs of LnNiGa4, orthorhombic α‐LnNiGa4 (Ln: Y, Gd—Yb) and the new tetragonal β‐LnNi0.9Ga4 (Ln: Tb—Ho) polymorphs, and β‐ErNi0.8Ga4 are synthesized from the elements by the self‐flux method (1423 K, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: [H3tren]3 and [H4tren]4+ Fluoride Zirconates or Tantalates.
Authors: Saada Mohamed Ali , Maisonneuve Vincent , Marrot Jerome , Mercier Nicolas , Leblanc Marc , Hemon‐Ribaud Annie
Published: October 2011

Six new compounds, [H4tren][Zr2F12]·H2O (I) (tren: tris‐(2‐aminoethyl)amine), α‐[H4tren][Zr2F12] (II), β‐[H4tren][Zr2F12] (III), [H3tren]4 [ZrF8]3·4H2O (IV), α‐[H3tren]2 [Ta3O2F16]F (V), and β‐[H3tren]2 [Ta3O2F16]F (VI) are found to exist in the ZrF4 (Ta2O5)—tren—HFaq.—EtOH systems at 190 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, Negative Thermal Expansion, and Photocatalytic Property of Mo Doped ZrV2O7.
Authors: Sahoo Prangya Parimita , Sumithra S. , Madras Giridhar , Row T. N. Guru
Published: October 2011

Single crystals of ZrV1.50Mo0.50O7.25 are obtained from a melt of ZrO2, V2O5, and excess MoO3 (Pt crucible, 850 °C, 3 h; slow cooling).
ChemInform Abstract: Rare‐Earth Cobalt Gallides RE4Co3Ga16 (RE: Gd—Er, Y): Self‐Interstitial Derivatives of RE2CoGa8.
Authors: Slater Brianna R. , Bie Haiying , Gaultois Michael W. , Stoyko Stanislav S. , Mar Arthur
Published: October 2011

The title compounds are prepared by arc‐melting the elements followed by annealing at 800 °C for three weeks.
ChemInform Abstract: An L‐Proline Functionalized Metallo‐Organic Triangle as Size‐Selective Homogeneous Catalyst for Asymmetric Catalyzing Aldol Reactions.
Authors: Wu Xiao , He Cheng , Wu Xiang , Qu Siyi , Duan Chunying
Published: October 2011

A homochiral Co(II)‐organic, triangular, supramolecular catalyst incorporating L‐proline moieties presented here features a helical cavity and efficiently promotes aldol reactions in a size‐, stereo‐ and enantioselective manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Axial Preferences in Allylations via the Zimmerman—Traxler Transition State.
Authors: Gilboa Noga , Wang Hao , Houk Kendall N. , Marek Ilan
Published: October 2011

The stereochemical outcome of the allylation reaction of 3,3‐disubstituted allylzinc species with aldehydes shows that the aryl or alkyl group on the aldehyde occupies a pseudoaxial position in the Zimmerman—Traxler transition state to avoid gauche interactions.
ChemInform Abstract: TBAF‐Promoted Elimination of Vicinal Dibromides Having an Adjacent O‐Functional Group: Syntheses of 2‐Bromoalk‐1‐enes and Alkynes.
Authors: Kutsumura Noriki , Kubokawa Keisuke , Saito Takao
Published: October 2011

The dehydrobromination of 1,2‐dibromoalkanes is investigated: depending on the amount of Bu4NF used, either 2‐bromo‐1‐alkenes (regioselective elimination) or alkynes (2‐step elimination) are formed.
ChemInform Abstract: Substituent‐Controlled Reactivity in the Nazarov Cyclization of Allenyl Vinyl Ketones.
Authors: Marx Vanessa M. , Stoddard Rhonda L. , Heverly‐Coulson Gavin S. , Burnell D. Jean
Published: October 2011

Experimental and computational studies are presented concerning the role of alkyl substitution at the α‐position of allenyl vinyl ketones (I) in contrast to the unsubstituted ketone (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Cyclopropanation of Alkenes in Fluorinated Alcohols.
Authors: Azzouzi‐Zriba Kaouther , Bonnet‐Delpon Daniele , Crousse Benoit
Published: October 2011

The use of hexafluoroisopropanol as solvent for the copper‐catalyzed cyclopropanation of alkenes leads to a simplified reaction procedure, an improved selectivity and a decreased amount of catalyst as well as ethyl diazoacetate (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Palladium‐Catalyzed N‐Arylation of a Sulfoximime with Aryl Chlorides.
Authors: Yongpruksa Nattawut , Calkins Nathan L. , Harmata Michael
Published: October 2011

An efficient catalyst system is presented for the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(OAc)2·H2O‐Catalyzed N‐Arylation of Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles.
Authors: Xu Zhong‐Lin , Li Hong‐Xi , Ren Zhi‐Gang , Du Wei‐Yuan , Xu Wei‐Chang , Lang Jian‐Ping
Published: October 2011

The N‐arylation of a number of N‐containing heterocycles with aryl halides is catalyzed by Cu(OAc)2·H2O without extra ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Promoted Carboxylation/Cyclization Cascade of Allenyl Aldehyde under an Atmosphere of CO2.
Authors: Takimoto Masanori , Kawamura Mitsunobu , Mori Miwako , Sato Yoshihiro
Published: October 2011

The reaction involves an intramolecular cyclization to give γ‐hydroxy carboxylic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Hydroboration of β,γ‐Unsaturated Weinreb Amides: Striking Influence of the Borane.
Authors: Smith Sean M. , Uteuliyev Maulen , Takacs James M.
Published: October 2011

The structure of the boranes and the geometry of the alkenes influence the catalytic efficiency and level of enantioselectivity in the presented reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: [3 + 2] Cyclodimerization of 2‐Arylcyclopropane‐1,1‐diesters. Lewis Acid Induced Reversion of Cyclopropane Umpolung.
Authors: Chagarovskiy Alexey O. , Ivanova Olga A. , Budynina Ekaterina M. , Trushkov Igor V. , Melnikov Mikhail Ya.
Published: October 2011

The method represents a novel approach to polyfunctionalized cyclopentanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Quinine‐Catalyzed Double Michael Addition of Malononitrile to 1,5‐Disubstituted Pentadien‐3‐ones: A Stereoselective Route to Cyclohexanones.
Authors: De Fusco Claudia , Lattanzi Alessandra
Published: October 2011

This simple organocatalytic cascade process represents an alternative route to enamine—iminium activation of enones to access trans‐cyclohexanones.
ChemInform Abstract: A Green Procedure for the Diazotization—Iodination of Aromatic Amines under Aqueous, Strong‐Acid‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Trusova Marina E. , Krasnokutskaya Elena A. , Postnikov Pavel S. , Choi Younghwa , Chi Ki‐Whan , Filimonov Victor D.
Published: October 2011

The conversion of a variety of anilines to the corresponding iodoarenes is achieved via treatment with nitrite‐loaded ion exchange resin in the presence of TosOH.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Aldol Reaction of Trifluoromethyl Ketones with Ketones Catalyzed by Et2Zn and Secondary Amines.
Authors: Sasaki Shigeru , Kikuchi Kasumi , Yamauchi Takayasu , Higashiyama Kimio
Published: October 2011

ZnEt2 in combination with DMEDA is optimal for the title process to yield cross aldol products under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Hypervalent Iodine(III)—LiX Combination in Fluoroalcohol Solvent for Aromatic Halogenation of Electron‐Rich Arenecarboxylic Acids.
Authors: Hamamoto Hiromi , Hattori Sho , Takemaru Kaori , Miki Yasuyoshi
Published: October 2011

The oxyiodination of differently alkoxy‐substituted arene carboxylic acids is investigated and carried out under optimized conditions A).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Arylation of Arylboronic Acids with Aldehydes.
Authors: Zheng Hanmei , Ding Jinchang , Chen Jiuxi , Liu Miaochang , Gao Wenxia , Wu Huayue
Published: October 2011

A broad spectrum of diarylketones is available in moderate to good yields under oxygen atmosphere.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of α‐Keto Esters from Ethylbenzenes Using 48% Aqueous HBr by Aerobic Visible Light Photooxidation.
Authors: Tada Norihiro , Ban Kazunori , Nobuta Tomoya , Hirashima Shin‐ichi , Miura Tsuyoshi , Itoh Akichika
Published: October 2011

A novel photoinduced direct oxidative conversion of ethylarenes to α‐ketoesters is achieved under conditions A) in the presence of alkyl acetates.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Accelerated Alkylation of Arenes/Heteroarenes with Benzylic Alcohols Using Antimony(III) Chloride as Catalyst: Synthesis of O‐Heterocycles.
Authors: Shukla Prashant , Choudhary Manoj K. , Nayak Sandip K.
Published: October 2011

A convenient protocol is developed for the alkylation of arenes, heteroarenes and diketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Allylic Oxidation—Condensation/Esterification Catalyzed by Silica Gel: An Expeditious Approach Towards Antimalarial Diaryldienones and Enones from Natural Methoxylated Phenylpropenes.
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , Sharma Naina , Shard Amit , Kumar Rakesh , Mohanakrishnan Dinesh , Saima Saima , Sinha Arun K. , Sahal Dinkar
Published: October 2011

Allylic oxidation of styrene derivatives (I) and (IV) with DDQ provides the corresponding cinnamaldehyde intermediates which subsequently undergo SOCl2‐mediated condensation with acetophenone derivatives (II) and (V) to give dienones (III) and (VI), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Fast, Ligand‐ and Solvent‐Free Synthesis of 1,4‐Substituted Buta‐1,3‐diynes by Cu‐Catalyzed Homocoupling of Terminal Alkynes in a Ball Mill.
Authors: Schmidt Robert , Thorwirth Rico , Szuppa Tony , Stolle Achim , Ondruschka Bernd , Hopf Henning
Published: October 2011

Different Cu, Ni, and Co salts catalyze the reaction, and CuI is identified as the most effective agent.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Synthesis of Substituted Indan‐1‐carboxylic Acid.
Authors: Gan Zongjie , Zhang Di , Cao Zhe , Xu Yungen
Published: October 2011

The title compounds are obtained by cyclization of phenyl succinic acids followed by reduction of the indanon‐1‐carboxylic acids with triethylsilane in TFA.
ChemInform Abstract: Consecutive Reactions with Sulfoximines: Straightforward Synthesis of Substituted 5,5‐Spiroketals.
Authors: Sridharan Vellaisamy , Vologdin Nikolay , Virolleaud Marie‐Alice , Bonne Damien , Bressy Cyril , Chouraqui Gaelle , Commeiras Laurent , Parrain Jean‐Luc , Coquerel Yoann , Rodriguez Jean
Published: October 2011

A convenient synthesis is presented for title compounds (IV) including the naturally occurring pheromone chalcogran (IVb).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation Reaction of 2,3,5‐Trisubstituted Furans with Aryl Iodides or Aryl Bromides.
Authors: Cao Hua , Shen Dongsheng , Zhan Haiying , Yang Liuqing
Published: October 2011

Optimized conditions are developed for the preparation of a series of tetrasubstituted furans.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Cyclocarbonylation of Aryl Bromides and Triflates with Acetylenes: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 3‐Alkylidenefuran‐2‐ones.
Authors: Wu Xiao‐Feng , Sundararaju Basker , Anbarasan Pazhamalai , Neumann Helfried , Dixneuf Pierre H. , Beller Matthias
Published: October 2011

Aryl/heteroaryl bromides or triflates and aromatic or aliphatic alkynes are doubly carbonylated to give the title furanones (28 examples) including the precursor (IVb) for a kinase inhibitor.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized Benzofurans by a Double Heck Reaction of 2,3‐Dibromofurans and Subsequent 6π‐Electrocyclization/Dehydrogenation.
Authors: Salman Ghazwan Ali , Ali Asad , Hussain Munawar , Khera Rasheed Ahmad , Langer Peter
Published: October 2011

The strategy is general for the synthesis of 5,6‐disubstituted benzofurans.
ChemInform Abstract: Au‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 2‐Alkylindoles from N‐Arylhydroxylamines and Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Wang Yanzhao , Ye Longwu , Zhang Liming
Published: October 2011

A mild and regiospecific method for the synthesis of the title compounds (III) and (V) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Synthesis, Anticonvulsant, and Antimicrobial Activity of N‐Allyl and N‐Propargyl Di(indolyl)indolin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Praveen Chandrasekaran , Ayyanar Asairajan , Perumal Paramasivan Thirumalai
Published: October 2011

All newly synthesized di(indolyl)indolin‐2‐ones (III) are screened for their anticonvulsant activity as well as for their antibacterial and antifungal potency.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Organocatalytic Aldol Reaction of Unactivated Ketones with Isatins.
Authors: Allu Suresh , Molleti Nagaraju , Panem Ramachandrarao , Singh Vinod K.
Published: October 2011

The process affords 3‐alkyl‐3‐hydroxyindolin‐2‐ones including (R)‐convolutamydine A (IIIc).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of 3‐Substituted Oxindoles to Vinyl Sulfone Catalyzed by Binaphthyl‐Modified Tertiary Amines.
Authors: Lee Hyun Joo , Kang Seung Hee , Kim Dae Young
Published: October 2011

Among various ligands tested, derivatives (I) and (II) are chosen as the most efficient ones.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of Indole—Furan Conjugates via Integration of Convergent and Linear Domino Reactions.
Authors: Yang Yan , Gao Meng , Wu Liu‐Ming , Deng Cong , Zhang Dong‐Xue , Gao Yang , Zhu Yan‐Ping , Wu An‐Xin
Published: October 2011

Indoles and 1,4‐endiones undergo domino Friedel—Crafts alkylation/ Paal—Knorr cyclization to afford furanyl‐indole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 9,9‐Disubstituted 9H‐Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indoles by Hydriodic Acid‐Catalyzed Cyclization of 1‐[2‐(1‐Aryl(or methyl)ethenyl)phenyl]‐1H‐pyrroles.
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Hashimoto Kenichi , Hashimoto Hiroo , Kondo Hideaki , Konishi Hisatoshi
Published: October 2011

The novel method is performed in the presence of either a catalytic or stoichiometric amount of HI.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrazoles from 2‐Azidoacrylates and Hydrazonyl Chlorides.
Authors: Li Yao , Hong Deng , Lu Ping , Wang Yanguang
Published: October 2011

The process is highly regioselective and affords fully substituted pyrazole subunits in moderate yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphonium‐Mediated Cyclization of N‐(2‐Aminophenyl)thioureas: Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Aminobenzimidazoles.
Authors: Wan Zhao‐Kui , Ousman Erena Farah , Papaioannou Nikolaos , Saiah Eddine
Published: October 2011

Conditions A) allow the synthesis of a broad spectrum of benzimidazole structures with good to excellent yields within ~1h.
ChemInform Abstract: New System for Nitrosation of Alkyl‐Substituted gem‐Dichlorocyclopropanes.
Authors: Bondarenko Oksana B. , Gavrilova Anna Yu. , Murodov Dilovar S. , Zyk Nikolai V. , Zefirov Nikolai S.
Published: October 2011

A combination of cheap and available NOCl and AlCl3 appears to be a chemoselective reagent system for the transformation of alkyl‐substituted gem‐dichlorocyclopropanes into 5‐chloroisoxazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Rapid Synthesis of Regioselective Functionalized Potassium 1,2,3‐Triazoletrifluoroborates via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition.
Authors: Bolla Krishnavenu , Kim Taejung , Song Jung Ho , Lee Seokjoon , Ham Jungyeob
Published: October 2011

The synthesis proceeds via a one‐pot dipolar cycloaddition of electron‐rich and electron‐deficient haloaryltrifluoroborates with various aromatic and aliphatic acetylenes and sodium azide.
ChemInform Abstract: exo‐Selective Asymmetric Inverse‐Electron Demand Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reaction Catalyzed by Cu(II)—Hydroxy Oxazoline Ligands.
Authors: Barba Andrea , Barroso Santiago , Blay Gonzalo , Cardona Luz , Melegari Martina , Pedro Jose R.
Published: October 2011

The title reaction proceeds with unprecedented exo‐selectivity to form 2,4‐trans disubstituted dihydropyrans (III) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Spiropyrans from Chromene Hemiacetal Esters and Bifunctional Nucleophiles.
Authors: Wu Yan‐Chao , Li Hui‐Jing , Liu Li , Demoulin Nicolas , Liu Zhe , Wang Dong , Chen Yong‐Jun
Published: October 2011

Treatment of hemiacetal esters with diamines, β‐hydroxyamines, and 1‐naphthylamine results in formation of new spiropyrans.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New o‐Quinone Methides from β‐Lapachone Analogues.
Authors: Ferreira Sabrina Baptista , Gonzaga Daniel Tadeu Gomes , da Silva Fernando de Carvalho , de Lima Araujo Katia Gomes , Ferreira Vitor Francisco
Published: October 2011

Treatment of β‐lapachone derivatives (V) with acetone under microwave irradiation affords o‐quinone methides (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 3‐(Dimethylamino)‐2‐cyclohexen‐1‐ones with 2,4,6‐Tris(dibenzylaminomethyl)phloroglucinol.
Authors: Osyanin V. A. , Klimochkin Y. N.
Published: October 2011

The title reaction gives triones (III), which are structurally related to xyloketal A via a cascade reaction pathway.
ChemInform Abstract: A Diastereoselective Aza‐Diels—Alder Reaction of N‐Aryl‐1‐azadienes Derived from α‐Amino Acids with Enamines.
Authors: Vicario Javier , Aparicio Domitila , Palacios Francisco
Published: October 2011

Reaction of azadienes (I) with enamines (II) or Yb(III)‐promoted dimerization of the azadienes provides tetrahydropyridines regioselectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(III) Chloride Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of Pyrano[3,4‐b]indol‐1(9H)‐ones and Evaluation of Anticancer Potential Towards Human Cervix Adenocarcinoma.
Authors: Praveen Chandrasekaran , Ayyanar Asairajan , Perumal Paramasivan Thirumalai
Published: October 2011

New title compounds (II) (10 examples) are tested for their in vitro cytotoxicity against human cervical (HeLa) cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective One‐Pot Michael—Aldol Reactions of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes with Imidazole Derivatives.
Authors: Li Wenjun , Li Xin , Wu Wenbin , Liang Xinmiao , Ye Jinxing
Published: October 2011

A novel and simple organocatalytic domino Michael—Aldol reaction is reported providing products (III) (21 examples) with three stereocenters in good yields and with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Acylindoles as Versatile Starting Materials for Pyridine Ring Annulation: Synthesis of 1‐Deazapurine Isosteres.
Authors: Knepper Ingo , Iaroshenko Viktor O. , Vilches‐Herrera Marcelo , Domke Lutz , Mkrtchyan Satenik , Zahid Muhammad , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter
Published: October 2011

The reaction of aminoheterocycles with formyl‐ and acylindoles, resp., results in formation of a set of heteroannulated pyridines by cleavage of the indole moiety and subsequent cyclocondensation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Optical Properties of Heteroaromatic Ring Compounds Containing EDOT.
Authors: Hwang Sun Woo , Park Eun Rang , Chung Yeon Joon , Bae Young Ju , Kim In Tae
Published: October 2011

New heteroaromatic oligomers containing 3,4‐ethylenedioxylthiophene (EDOT) moieties (III), (V) and (VII) are synthesized by Stille coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyridazine‐Derived γ‐Secretase Modulators.
Authors: Wan Zehong , et al. et al.
Published: October 2011

Two different strategies are applied to the synthesis of pyridazine derivatives (VII) and (XII), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: FeCl3‐Catalyzed Two Consecutive Aminomethylation at the α‐Position of the β‐Dicarbonyl Compounds: An Easy Access to Hexahydropyrimidines and Its Spiro Analogues.
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Chhandra , Rana Sunil , Butcher Ray J.
Published: October 2011

One‐pot multi‐component reaction of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds, primary amines and formaldehyde results in formation of hexahydropyrimidines.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Application of Ionic Liquids: [bmim][MeSO4] as a Recyclable Organocatalyst in the Multicomponent Reaction for the Preparation of Dihydropyrimidinones and ‐thiones.
Authors: Roy Sudipta Raha , Jadhavar Pradeep S. , Seth Kapileswar , Sharma Kulin K. , Chakraborti Asit K.
Published: October 2011

The procedure results in the formation of various title compounds including bioactive systems such as enastron (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Aerobic Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Dihydropyrimidinones and Dihydropyrimidines.
Authors: Han Bing , Han Run‐Feng , Ren Yu‐Wei , Duan Xiao‐Yong , Xu Yi‐Chuan , Zhang Wei
Published: October 2011

Pyrimidinones (II) and pyrimidines (IV) are obtained in high yields by oxidation with molecular oxygen in the presence of catalytic amounts of N‐hydroxyphthalimide and Co(O‐Ac)2.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Aryl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐indeno[1,2‐d]pyrimidines by Biginelli Condensation and Their Antibacterial Activities.
Authors: Kaur Ramandeep , Bansal Monika , Kaur Balbir , Mishra Tulika , Bhatia Aruna
Published: October 2011

A variety of new indenopyrimidinethiones (V) is synthesized via a multi‐component condensation reaction under microwave irradiation conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: New Synthetic Route of Two Active Isomeric Metabolites of Erlotinib and Their Bioactivity Studies Against Several Tumor Cell Lines.
Authors: Li Hanqing , Li Mengyao , Li Zaiquan , Li Liang , Bi Shanshan , Deng Chenhui , Chen Rui , Zhou Tianyan , Lu Wei
Published: October 2011

The title metabolites M‐13 (Ia) and M‐14 (Ib) possess antiproliferative activities against BGC‐823, Bel‐823, KB tumor cell lines and EGFR tyrosine kinase over‐expression tumor cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acid Catalyzed C—C Bond Forming Reaction for One‐Step Synthesis of Oxazinanones.
Authors: Uddin Nazim , Ulicki Joseph S. , Foersterling F. Holger , Hossain M. Mahmun
Published: October 2011

Boc‐Protected imines (I) react under conditions A) with formation of oxazinones (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile, Aqueous Phase Green Synthetic Protocol for the Synthesis of 5,9b‐Dihydro‐1H‐[1,2,4]triazino[5,6‐b]indole‐3‐ols/5,9b‐Dihydro‐1H‐ [1,2,4]triazino[5,6‐b]indole‐3‐thiols.
Authors: Ramesh K. , Murthy S. Narayana , Karnakar K. , Nageswar Y. V. D.
Published: October 2011

β‐Cyclodextrin is an efficient promotor for the cyclocondensation of isatin to prepare the biologically interesting heterocyclic systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Synthesis and Displacement Reactions of Model 2‐(Alkylthio)‐6‐chloro‐ and 2,6‐Dichlorothieno[2,3‐e][1,4,2]dithiazine 1,1‐Dioxides.
Authors: Abu‐El‐Halawa Rajab , Masad Mohanad , Bathich Yaser , Al‐Refai Mahmoud , Ibrahim Mohammad M. , El‐Abadelah Mustafa M. , Voelter Wolfgang
Published: October 2011

Dithiazines (V) are evaluated for their antibacterial activity against E.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Azepinoindole Framework via Oxidative Heck (Fujiwara—Moritani) Cyclization.
Authors: Donets Pavel A. , Van der Eycken Erik V.
Published: October 2011

The cyclization of 3‐indoleacetic amides provides azepinoindole derivatives in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Carboboration of Alkynes Using Lithium Borylcyanocuprate and the Subsequent Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling of the Resulting Tetrasubstituted Alkenylborane.
Authors: Okuno Yuri , Yamashita Makoto , Nozaki Kyoko
Published: October 2011

A new lithium borylcyanocuprate is synthesized and structurally characterized.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (Z)‐Tributylstannyl Enynes: Systematic Studies of Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling Reactions Between (E)‐1‐Iodovinyl‐1‐tributylstannanes and Terminal Acetylenes Using Amines or Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide (TBAOH) as Activator.
Authors: Baroni Adriano C. , et al. et al.
Published: October 2011

The products can be further converted into geminal enediynes such as (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Enicostemins A and B, New Secoiridoids from Enicostemma verticillatum.
Authors: Jahan Erum , Fatima Itrat , Malik Abdul
Published: October 2011

Isolation and structure elucidation are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Taxatetraene Framework Formed from a New Natural Taxane from Taxus cuspidata.
Authors: Shi Qing‐Wen , et al. et al.
Published: October 2011

Sinenxan H (I) is isolated as novel taxane from the heartwood of the Japanese yew T.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Carbamate Formation from Alcohols and Hindered Amino Acids or Esters Using N,N′‐Disuccinimidyl Carbonate (DSC).
Authors: Li Hongmei , Chen Cheng‐yi , Balsells Padros Jaume
Published: October 2011

The two‐step one‐pot procedure allows the synthesis of different types of carbamates via pyridine‐catalyzed reaction of alcohols with carbonate (II) and subsequent treatment with hindered amino acids or amino esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Triplet Drugs with 1,3,5‐Trioxazatriquinane Skeletons and Their Pharmacologies. Part 1. Synthesis of Triplet Drugs with Morphinan Skeletons.
Authors: Nagase Hiroshi , Watanabe Akio , Nemoto Toru , Nakajima Mayumi , Hasebe Ko , Mochizuki Hidenori , Fujii Hideaki
Published: October 2011

Symmetrical and nonsymmetrical triplet drugs with 1,3,5‐trioxazatriquinane skeleton are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Haliclocyclin C, a New Monomeric 3‐Alkyl Pyridinium Alkaloid from the Arctic Marine Sponge Haliclona viscosa.
Authors: Schmidt Gesine , Timm Christophe , Koeck Matthias
Published: October 2011

The hitherto only from syntheses known macrocyclic 3‐alkyl pyridinium alkaloid (I) is isolated from a natural source for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Metacolchicine, a New Colchicinoid from Sandersonia aurantiaca.
Authors: Kitajima Mariko , Tanaka Akiko , Kogure Noriyuki , Takayama Hiromitsu
Published: October 2011

The alkaloidal constituents in the tubers of S.aurantiaca are investigated leading to the isolation of metacolchicine (I) together with six known alkaloids.
ChemInform Abstract: Gingerol Derivatives from the Rhizomes of Zingiber officinale.
Authors: Wang Zhi , Wang Kai‐Jin , Cheng Chen‐Shu , Li Ning , Wang Tian‐Ming , Di Lei
Published: October 2011

Isolation and structure elucidation of the new gingesulfonic acids (I) are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis and Absolute Stereochemical Assignment of Kibdelone C.
Authors: Sloman David L. , Bacon Jeffrey W. , Porco John A. Jr.
Published: October 2011

The natural product is found to be the (+)‐enantiomer (I).
ChemInform Abstract: A Review of Materials and Corrosion Issues Regarding Canisters for Disposal of Spent Fuel and High‐Level Waste in Opalinus Clay
Authors: Landolt D. , Davenport A. , Payer J. , Shoesmith D.
Published: October 2011

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Random Walk to Graphene (Nobel Lecture)
Authors: Geim Andre K.
Published: October 2011

Review: 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Graphene: Materials in the Flatland (Nobel Lecture)
Authors: Novoselov Kostya S.
Published: October 2011

Review: 198 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multiple Catalysis with Two Chiral Units: An Additional Dimension for Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Piovesana Susy , Scarpino Schietroma Daniele M. , Bella Marco
Published: October 2011

Review: [ca. 100 refs.]
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanistic Considerations of Guanidine‐Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Fu Xiao , Tan Choon‐Hong
Published: October 2011

Review: 58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Modern Lipid‐, Carbohydrate‐, and Peptide‐Based Delivery Systems for Peptide, Vaccine, and Gene Products
Authors: Simerska Pavla , Moyle Peter M. , Toth Istvan
Published: October 2011

Review: 186 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Nociceptin Receptor (NOP) Agonists and Antagonists
Authors: Mustazza Carlo , Bastanzio Giuditta
Published: October 2011

Review: 203 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: De novo Synthesis of Natural Products via the Asymmetric Hydration of Polyenes
Authors: Wang Yanping , Xing Yalan , Zhang Qi , O'Doherty George A.
Published: October 2011

Review: 191 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Putting the “N” in ACENE: Pyrazinacenes and Their Structural Relatives.
Authors: Richards Gary J. , Hill Jonathan P. , Mori Toshiyuki , Ariga Katsuhiko
Published: October 2011

Review: recent advances in the synthesis, electronic, aromatic and self‐assembling properties of polycyclic pyrazine derivatives; 131 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Photochromic Dihetarylethenes
Authors: Krayushkin Mikhail M. , Kalik Marina A.
Published: October 2011

Review: about 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of Pyrido[1,2‐a]azepines and Their Hydro Derivatives
Authors: Fischer Gunther
Published: October 2011

Review: ca. 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen in Nitroarenes: A New Chapter of Aromatic Chemistry
Authors: Makosza Mieczyslaw
Published: October 2011

Review: about 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Strategies Based on Aryllithium and N‐Acyliminium Ion Cyclizations for the Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Alkaloids and Related Systems
Authors: Martinez‐Estibalez Unai , Gomez‐SanJuan Asier , Garcia‐Calvo Oihane , Aranzamendi Eider , Lete Esther , Sotomayor Nuria
Published: October 2011

Review: 180 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Progress in Metathesis Through Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Prunet Joelle
Published: October 2011

Review: 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Foldamers Based on Oxazolidin‐2‐ones
Authors: Tomasini Claudia , Angelici Gaetano , Castellucci Nicola
Published: October 2011

Review: 114 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organo‐Iron Mediated Synthesis of Functional Dendrimers with 1→3 Connectivity.
Authors: Astruc Didier , Ruiz Jaime
Published: October 2011

Review: 108 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Saponins — Polar Isoprenoids with Important and Diverse Biological Activties
Authors: Osbourn Anne , Goss Rebecca J. M. , Field Robert A.
Published: October 2011

Review: 90 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Coordination Networks Employing Sulfonate and Phosphonate Linkers: From Layers to Open Structures
Authors: Shimizu George K. H. , Taylor Jared M. , Vaidhyanathan Ramanathan
Published: October 2011

Review: 129 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid Forms of Pharmaceutical Molecules
Authors: Kratochvil Bohumil
Published: October 2011

Review: 33 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetic Isotope Effects in the Study of Organometallic Reaction Mechanisms
Authors: Gomez‐Gallego Mar , Sierra Miguel A.
Published: October 2011

Review: 568 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Natural Sesquiterpenoids
Authors: Fraga Braulio M.
Published: October 2011

Review: 417 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bent Bonds, the Antiperiplanar Hypothesis and the Theory of Resonance. A Simple Model to Understand Reactivity in Organic Chemistry
Authors: Deslongchamps Ghislain , Deslongchamps Pierre
Published: October 2011

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oral Bioaccessibility of Trace Metals in Household Dust
Authors: Turner Andrew
Published: October 2011

Review: 55 refs.
Synthesis of ZnO nanorods by the thermal reduction process of a mixture of ZnO and Al powder
Authors: Nam Kyung‐Don , Kwak Sang Kyu , Lee Jong‐Min
Published: October 2011

Single‐crystalline Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods were firstly synthesized on gold‐coated Si substrate via a simple thermal reduction method from the mixture of ZnO and Al powder. The growth process was carried out in a quartz tube at different temperature (550‐700 °C) and at different oxygen partial pressure. Their structure properties were investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The length of the as‐prepared ZnO nanorods was up to several micrometers and their diameters were about 130 nm. The X‐ray diffraction patterns, transmission electron microscopic images, and selective area electron diffraction patterns indicate that the one‐dimensional ZnO nanorods are a pure Single‐crystal and preferentially oriented in the [0001] direction. The reaction mechanism of ZnO nanorods was proposed on the basis of experimental data. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multilayer context cloud framework for mobile Web 2.0: a proposed infrastructure
Authors: Hsu I‐Ching
Published: October 2011

Existing context‐aware systems focus only on characterizing the situation of an entity to exhibit the advantage of contextual information association, but they have no mechanism to facilitate the interoperation and reuse of contextual information. Cloud computing offers an adaptable and flexible solution for existing context‐aware applications, integrating Mobile Web 2.0 technologies. This work presents a multilayer context cloud framework (MCCF) that integrates Web 2.0 technologies into a mobile context‐aware system for use in a cloud computing environment. The proposed MCCF includes a context sensor layer, a context information layer, a context service layer, a context representation layer, a cloud computing layer, and a mobile Web 2.0 context‐aware Software as a Service layer. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, a Mobile Web 2.0‐based context‐aware Software as a Service platform, which is a cloud computing application based on MCCF, is implemented to provide continuous and context‐aware monitoring of a specific application. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.