bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biogeophysical Effects of Land-Use and Land-Cover Change Not Detectable in Warmest Month
Authors: Grant Luke , Gudmundsson Lukas , Davin Edouard L. , Lawrence David M. , Vuichard Nicolas , Robertson Eddy , Séférian Roland , Ribes Aurélien , Hirsch Annette L. , Thiery Wim
Published: November 2022

Land-use and land-cover changes (hereafter simply “land use”) alter climates biogeophysically by affecting surface fluxes of energy and water. Yet, near-surface temperature responses to land use across observational versus model-based studies and spatial-temporal scales can be inconsistent. Here we assess the prevalence of the historical land use signal of daily maximum temperatures averaged over the warmest month of the year (tLU) using regularized optimal fingerprinting for detection and attribution. We use observations from the Climatic Research Unit and Berkeley Earth alongside historical simulations with and without land use from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project to reconstruct an experiment representing the effects of land use on climate. To assess the signal of land use at spatially resolved continental and global scales, we aggregate all input data across reference regions and continents, respectively. At both scales, land use does not comprise a significantly detectable set of forcings for two of four Earth system models and their multimodel mean. Furthermore, using a principal component analysis, we find that tLU is mostly composed of the nonlocal effects of land use rather than its local effects. These findings show that, at scales relevant for climate attribution, uncertainties in Earth system model representations of land use are too high relative to the effects of internal variability to confidently assess land use.
Wave–Tide Interaction for a Strongly Modulated Wave Field
Authors: Ho Allison , Merrifield Sophia , Pizzo Nick
Published: November 2022

Observations from Coastal Data Information Program (CDIP) moored buoys off the coast of Florida reveal tidally driven wave–current interactions that modify significant wave heights by up to 25% and shift peak periods by up to a second. A case study at Fernandina Beach, Florida, shows surface waves steepening on following tidal currents and becoming less steep on opposing tidal currents, with the largest modulations occurring in the long-period swell band. To better understand tidal modulations as a function of the phase of the tide, we use simplified analytical and numerical solutions to the equations of geometrical optics and conservation of wave action under the assumption of a one-dimensional tide acting as a progressive shallow-water wave. The theoretical frameworks allow us to identify parameters that characterize the magnitude of variation in surface waves due to tidally induced currents and changes in water depth. We compute modulations to the omnidirectional and directional wave spectrum (between 0.05 and 0.15 Hz), as well as characteristic bulk parameters such as significant wave height and peak period. The theory is corroborated using directional wave and surface current observations from the Fernandina Beach CDIP station (located in water of average depth of 16 m). We find that the numerical results reproduce the observed wave modulations due to tidal currents and changes in water depth. Specifically, surface waves traveling in the direction of the tide are strongly modulated, and the relative speeds between the tide and surface waves set the sign and magnitude of these modulations. Given knowledge of tidal currents, water-depth variations, and wave climatology, theoretical and numerical predictions may be used to provide both statistical and instantaneous estimates of wave-height variations due to tides. Because operational forecasts and nowcasts do not routinely include tides or currents, these findings can help to accurately represent nearshore surface wave variability.
Initial Condition Convection-Allowing Ensembles with Large Membership for Probabilistic Prediction of Convective Hazards
Authors: Manser Russell P. , Ancell Brian C.
Published: November 2022

Convection-allowing model (CAM) ensemble forecasts provide quantitative probabilistic guidance of convective hazards that forecasters would otherwise qualitatively assess. Various initial condition (IC) strategies can be used to generate CAM probabilistic forecasts, but it is still unclear how different configurations perform. Schwartz et al. verified five 10-member IC CAM ensembles over one month of 0000 UTC initializations with a focus on precipitation. Here, we initialize four 42-member IC CAM ensembles every 12 h over 6 weeks and verify forecasts of precipitation, column maximum reflectivity, and hourly maximum updraft helicity. The Texas Tech University real-time EnKF ensemble and three additional IC ensemble modeling systems are verified. Holding the model configuration constant, additional ICs are generated by downscaling time-lagged Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) members, applying correlated random noise to Global Forecast System (GFS) analyses, and recentering EnKF perturbations about GFS analyses. We found that ensemble ICs constructed with correlated random noise and EnKF perturbations about GFS analyses both produced higher-quality precipitation forecasts than downscaled GEFS and EnKF strategies. However, downscaled GEFS and EnKF perturbations about GFS analyses frequently initialized more skillful forecasts of reflectivity than ICs with random perturbations, suggesting that flow-dependent perturbations are important for forecasting deep convection. Even with a suboptimal EnKF configuration, our findings still echo those of Schwartz et al. We extend their work by exploring 1) verification of additional convective hazards and 2) empirical scaling of IC perturbations as a computationally inexpensive method for improving CAM ensemble forecasts.
A legacy in silence
Authors: DeSpain Benjamin R.
Published: November 2022

Like many of his students, my introduction to Mark was through his Mystical Theology: The Integrity of Spirituality and Theology. While it has been many years since I have revisited that work, the impression it left on me is still as fresh as the day I first finished it; however, it wasn’t until I met Mark that I truly learned what it meant for theology to be an encounter with the divine lived out through love and contemplation.
Preparing for the United Nations Security Council: Canadian approaches to policy development
Authors: Landry Joe , Floch James , Fortune Marissa , Richardson Emma
Published: November 2022

In the run up to Canada’s bid for a seat on the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), Global Affairs Canada undertook thorough policy preparations to prepare for a potential term. Notwithstanding the unsuccessful vote on Canada’s candidacy, sharing our approach to policy design is worthwhile so that current and future policymakers can replicate these efforts and learn lessons from our experience. Indeed, transparency and openness are critical to the functioning of liberal, democratic institutions; seeing “how the sausage is made” can improve public perceptions of government accountability, which is critical in a time of waning trust in institutions. Given the wide breadth of issues that UNSC member states must be ready to engage on, the team designed a cross-cutting approach to policy development which ensured that stakeholders were able to provide valuable input to help shape Canadian positions. This process involved the crafting of “signature initiatives” and position papers to advance Canadian priorities in a structured and effective manner over the course of the potential UNSC term.
The Violence of Non-Violence: A Systematic Mixed-Studies Review on the Health Effects of Sanctions
Authors: Chaufan Claudia , Yousefi Nora , Zaman Ifsia
Published: November 2022

The use of sanctions as a policy tool to affect change in the political behavior of target states has increased over the past 30 years, along with a concern about their impact on civilian health. Some researchers have proposed that targeting sanctions can avoid their moral costs, yet others have challenged this claim. This systematic mixed-studies review explored the debate about targeted sanctions by appraising their health effects as reported in the medical and public health literature, with a global focus and through the COVID-19 era.

We searched three electronic databases without temporal or geographical restrictions and identified 50 studies spanning three decades (1992–2021) meeting our inclusion criteria. Using a piloted form, we extracted quotations addressing our research questions and identified themes that we grouped according to the effects of sanctions on health or its determinants, generating frequency distributions to assess the strength of support for each theme. While no study posited a causal relationship between sanctions and health, or engaged the morality of sanctions, most implied that when sanctions were present, health was inevitably impacted, even for sanctions ostensibly targeted to minimize civilian harm. Our findings suggest that given the integrated nature of the global economy, it is all but impossible to design sanctions that will achieve their stated goals without inflicting significant harm on civilians. We conclude that the use of sanctions as a policy tool threatens global health and human rights, especially in times of crises.
Towards developing ethical capacities in social work practice in Africa: Case study and critical commentary from Uganda
Authors: Bwambale Bhangyi Venesio
Published: November 2022

This article engages with a case study situated in a public social service system in Uganda, Africa. Through case analysis, I highlight the complexities related to professional ethics in social work practice in Africa and argue that efforts to promote ethics, human rights and social justice in this context require creativity, innovation and activism to confront structural conditions that trap people in unjust circumstances. While building ethical capabilities demands grounding practice in the global social work principles, additional infusion of ubuntu ethics and African social work platforms for sharing experiences and actions are needed.
Whose life matters? A call for social work action in response to a global humanitarian crisis
Authors: Johnstone Marjorie , Lee Eunjung , Seven Bozcam Emel
Published: November 2022

In a few short weeks, the war in Ukraine displaced over four million people. As a human rights profession in the new global order, the social work profession has called for not only the support of social workers in Ukraine and their neighboring countries but also for pressure on all host countries to facilitate fast, efficient admission of asylum seekers and strengthening of resettlement services. Using Canada as a case study, we identify barriers that became apparent during the Syrian civil war and suggest ways all social workers can act in solidarity in the face of this global travesty.
Possession and exorcism on the margins of Islam: Mali
Authors: Colleyn Jean-Paul
Published: November 2022

This article focuses on three different patterns of spirit possession in Mali, a country where spirits interact with human beings. Some Malian cases – but not all of them – comfort the well-received theory asserting that possession is a form of protest and is related to a historical crisis. African possession cults are generally considered as characteristics of marginal groups in response to the domination of a monotheist religion, especially Islam and Christianity, but several cults from the Minianka area contradict this ideal type. At a national level, some cults look for a compromise with the spirits, while others are aimed to get rid of them.
Structural characteristics and sound absorption properties of different kinds of waste feather fibers
Authors: Lyu Lihua , Su Shuang , Lu Jing , Zhou Xinghai , Gao Yuan
Published: November 2022

There are millions of tonnes of waste feathers every year from the booming poultry industry. To rationalize the utilization of waste feather resources, waste chicken feather fibers, waste duck feather fibers, and waste goose feather fibers were used as reinforcement materials, and polybutylene succinate was used as matrix materials to prepare sound absorbing composite materials. The acoustic impedance transfer function method was used to test the sound absorption performance of the sound absorbing composite materials with different feather fibers. The results showed that the sound absorbing composite materials with waste duck fibers had the best sound absorption performance. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope were used to analyze the macromolecular structure, aggregation structure, and morphological structure of different kinds of waste feather fibers. According to the structure, the mechanism of sound absorption was analyzed, and the reason why the fibers of different kinds of waste feathers (chicken feather, duck feather and goose feather) had good sound absorption performance was clarified. It was clear that this unique structure endowed it with the characteristics of light weight and good sound absorption. So the waste feather fibers have high application value in the field of sound absorption.
A neural network algorithm and its prediction model towards the full color phase mixing process of colored fibers
Authors: Sun Xianqiang , Xue Yuan , Liu Yuexing , Wang Liqiang , Liu Lixia
Published: November 2022

Aiming at the demand of color matching techniques in the spinning process, a neural network prediction model is constructed in this research study, and the gridded full color phase mixing space of colored fibers is used as the sample space. Subsequently, 30 grid points are employed as training samples, while another 30 grid points are adopted as testing samples, in which the parameters of the input, hidden, and output layers are optimized. Additionally, the neural network prediction model is constructed by training samples, and validated by testing samples. Lastly, a neural network prediction model is applied to implement the prediction of color and mixing ratios for any point within the full color phase mixing model. Through the assessment of the testing samples, the predicted results for the colors of the grid point samples showed an average color difference of 1.29 (minimum was 0.22 and maximum was 2.97); the forecasts for the mixing ratios of the colored fibers were that the range of the mean absolute error for the mixing ratios of individual samples was from 0.01% to 0.18%, and the mean absolute error for the mixing ratios of all samples was 0.21%. The experimental results indicated that the proposed neural network model has a relatively advanced prediction accuracy.
Application of an equation derived from the solution of diffusion equation with constant surface concentration to the film-roll method
Authors: Park Geon Yong
Published: November 2022

In this study, an equation to obtain reliable diffusion coefficients for the sublimation diffusion of disperse dye in paste into polyethylene terephthalate film using the film-roll method was derived from the solution of the diffusion equation with the constant surface concentration. The constant surface concentration in the equation, where the total amount of dye passed through the first-layer surface is a linear function of the square root of time, was obtained by the steady-state straight line for a sufficiently long heat treatment time. The diffusion coefficients were obtained by the constant surface concentration and the slope of the linear regression line for the plot of the total amount against the square root of time. Their reliability was proved by the good linearity of linear regression for the Arrhenius plot. The activation energy for the diffusion coefficients obtained by this equation was similar to that obtained by another equation derived from the solution with the time-varying second-layer surface concentration. The diffusion coefficients for data containing [Formula: see text] in the plot of the total amount against the square root of time were judged to be more reliable than those for data not containing [Formula: see text].
The effects of pretreatment on the surface roughness of plain-woven fabric by the Kawabata Evaluation System
Authors: Beyene Kura Alemayehu , Gebeyehu Esubalew Kasaw , Adamu Biruk Fentahun
Published: November 2022

This study aims to assess the relationship between the surface roughness of cotton plain-woven fabric before and after each pretreatment processing stage. According to the findings of this study, the surface roughness values of desized fabric increased in the warp and weft directions. On the other hand, the roughness of plain-woven fabric reduced in both the warp and weft directions during the scouring, bleaching, and mercerization processes. The weft roughness values of greige, scoured, bleached, and mercerized fabrics are higher than the warp roughness values. Mercerized fabrics provide the smoothest fabric surface compared to other treatment stages. The pretreatment stages have statistically significant impacts on the surface roughness in both the warp and weft directions at a 95% confidence interval. The pairwise analysis reveals that pretreatment of the fabrics in the warp and weft directions is statistically significant for grey with desizing, grey with scouring, grey with bleaching, grey with mercerizing, desizing with scouring, desizing with bleaching, desizing with mercerization, scouring with mercerization, and bleaching with mercerization, but not for scouring with bleaching. Mercerized fabric is highly recommended for producing textile products with unique requirements in terms of tactilely sensitive surface properties.
Discovering the Roadblocks: Culturally Relevant Dispositions among Preservice Teachers
Authors: Harrison Dorian L. , Brown Cory T.
Published: November 2022

Teacher education programs are still grappling with the best ways of capturing preservice teachers’ dispositions toward diversity and culturally relevant pedagogy (CRP). Recent studies identified critical reflections as a way of capturing preservice teachers’ dispositional shifts over time, highlighting instances of CRP. This study sought captured preservice teacher’ critical reflections across two education courses at a midwestern university in the United States. Our findings revealed how preservice teachers took up tenets of CRP, but also revealed ways they resisted those same tenets. Looking across both courses, we found critical information for improving future practice.
Demographic and Psychosocial Factors associated with Internet Addiction among the Pakistani Population during COVID-19: A Web-Based Survey
Authors: Lakhdir Maryam Pyar Ali , Hameed Ayesha Nasir , Hasnani Fauzia Basaria , Angez Meher , Nawaz Muhammad Talha , Khan Malik Muhammad Hamza , Peerwani Ghazal , Nathwani Apsara Ali , Azam Syed Iqbal
Published: November 2022

This study aims to determine the burden of COVID19-induced internet addiction and related psychosocial factors among the Pakistani sample. A web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to March 2021. An analytical cross-sectional survey was broadcast on the internet via a Google form completed by 1145 Pakistanis. Individuals aged 13 years and above with competency to comprehend English or Urdu language, currently residing in any province of Pakistan, having access to the questionnaire, and willing to participate were eligible to participate. Overseas Pakistanis were excluded from the study. The outcome is COVID19-induced internet addiction was measured using the validated tool Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT). In addition, symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and other psychosocial factors were assessed using the validated tool Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Adjusted odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval were reported using multinomial logistic regression. Most participants were females and youth (between 20 and 24 years). The prevalence of problematic internet users (PIU) and addictive internet users (AIU) was 27.3% and 11.3%, respectively. The odds of extremely severe anxiety among AIU were approximately three times (Adj OR: 2.6 (1.1-7.1), followed by the odds of having extremely severe stress being about five times higher among AIU (Adj OR: 5.4 (1.6-17.6)) as compared to normal internet users (NIU). Amid COVID-19, the burden of internet addiction has surged among the Pakistani populace. This study identified that gender, marital status, depression, stress, anxiety, work situation, and mood changes during the COVID-19 pandemic are significantly correlated with problematic and addictive internet use. Preventative measures against the addictive use of the internet are needed to avoid or mitigate any serious mental health problems.
Exploring How Public Health Partnerships with Community-Based Organizations (CBOs) can be Leveraged for Health Promotion and Community Health
Authors: Yasmin Senila , Haque Rayna , Kadambaya Kaneza , Maliha Marzia , Sheikh Maha
Published: November 2022

The Academic Public Health Corps (APHC) works to support local public health in Massachusetts through varying models of collaboration. In the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, one initiative of the APHC has been to partner with community-based organizations (CBOs) to address vaccine hesitancy and improve overall community health. The purpose of this article is to share how the APHC partnered with CBOs in Massachusetts to address COVID-19 concerns within their respective communities, and present strategies to empower communities, share resources, and increase health promotion. The APHC partnered with 2 CBOs who received the Massachusetts COVID-19 Community Grants distributed by Health Resources in Action (HRiA). These CBOs include the Association of Islamic Charitable Projects Massachusetts (AICP) and the Somali Parents Advocacy Center for Education (SPACE). Culturally relevant educational and promotional materials were created and tailored toward the communities of interest within the CBOs. Additionally, in response to the community’s desire for more informational events, the APHC hosted a virtual COVID-19 Q&A panel with Muslim health care professionals that included live Arabic translation. The model of outreach that the APHC has employed illustrates an intentional way of addressing key public health issues within local communities. The success of these partnerships highlights the importance of including CBOs in conversations about public health and health equity.
An Overview of Cognitive Reserve in Aging Based on Keyword Network Analysis
Authors: Kim Jihyun , Kim Mi So
Published: November 2022

Many studies have reported that Cognitive reserve is a critical mechanism affecting cognitive statuses, such as dementia. The purposes of this study were to identify the knowledge structure and the research trend on cognitive reserve by conducting keyword analysis on research papers ranging from the earliest to the most recent studies done on the topic and to suggest directions for future research. The Web of Science (WOS) database was used to search for articles on cognitive reserve in aging from 2001 to 2020. NetMiner version 4 (cyram, KOREA), a social network analysis program, was used for keyword network analysis. Data analysis showed keywords that could be categorized as cognitive reserve related keywords (cognitive reserve related concepts, cognitive reserve related factor, cognitive reserve diagnosis and measurement, cognitive reserve outcomes) and cognitive reserve research keywords (research subject/disease, research method, intervention, research field). Through trend analysis, we found that various keywords appeared, indicating that the research has gradually developed conceptually and methodically. Based on these findings, future CR studies require the development of multimodal interface-based tools by applying modern digital technology that can be used to more accurately diagnose and monitor CR; remotely, in real time. In addition, to improve CR, it is suggested that the development of cognitive stimulation interventions utilizing VR which fuses AI based interaction technology with the subjects. Finally, CR could develop further through a cooperation of multidisciplinary professionals such as psychology, medicine and nursing.
Selective Avoidance: Understanding How Position and Proportion of Online Incivility Influence News Engagement
Authors: Lu Shuning , Liang Hai , Masullo Gina M.
Published: November 2022

While most research has examined incivility in political contexts, few studies have explored the role of online incivility in contexts where partisan cues are lacking. Integrating insights from selective exposure, media salience, and serial position effects, we proposed the concept of “incivility salience” and examined how its two manifestations—position and proportion of uncivil messages in a comment thread—affected news engagement behavior. Through two conjoint experiments in the United States, we found that people avoided engaging with comment threads starting with uncivil content and the ones with a higher proportion of uncivil content. Furthermore, we identified that the salience of uncivil content could influence the extent to which people perceive such content as uncivil, which in turn impacts engagement behavior. Overall, this study offers a novel framework that considers incivility salience as a core element for understanding the perceptual and behavioral effects of online incivility.
A parametric analysis of future climate change effects on the energy performance and carbon emissions of a Chinese prefabricated timber house
Authors: Zhang Xi , Du Jiangtao , Sharples Steve
Published: November 2022

Prefabricated timber houses have received growing attention in China recently as being one possible approach to mitigating climate change impacts. This article presents the results from a dynamic thermal simulation parametric analysis of building characteristics and primary energy consumption, embodied and operational carbon of newly built prefabricated timber house types in northern China for current and future climates (2050 and 2080). The dynamic thermal modelling software DesignBuilder (+EnergyPlus) was adopted as the simulation package. The main findings from the study were: (i) by 2080 climate change could increase energy demand by 13% for a terraced house, by 10% for a semi-detached house, and by 6% for a detached house, with corresponding increased carbon emissions of 27%, 26% and 23% respectively; (ii) in 2080, a terraced house would achieve 74% energy demand and 90% carbon emissions of a detached house; (iii) increasing the window-to-wall ratio from 0.25 to 0.45 would lead to 31% increase in energy demand, and 42% increase in carbon emissions in 2080; (iv) adjusting the configuration of key timber structural components (walls and floors) could lead to reductions of 19% in primary energy demand, 23% in operational carbon, and 6% in embodied carbon.

A terraced timber house with south-facing and a window-to-wall ratio of 0.25 would be an optimal configuration to mitigate climate change impacts in northern China. The adjustment of prefabricated timber wall structure could give rise to significant reductions in primary energy consumption, operational carbon emissions, and embodied carbon.
Secondary Educators’ Writing Practices for Students with Disabilities: Examining Distance Learning and In-Person Instruction
Authors: Ray Amber B. , Poch Apryl L. , Datchuk Shawn M.
Published: November 2022

We report results of a national survey of secondary teachers who teach special education and/or English language arts in the United States. A total of 50 teachers from 27 different states completed the survey. In the survey, we asked teachers about their experience delivering distance and in-person instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic. We specifically focused on three broad areas: writing assignments, writing instructional practices, and adaptations used to support students with disabilities. We also collected information about teacher characteristics, technology use, and teacher attitudes and self-efficacy about writing. On average, teachers reported receiving minimal preparation to teach writing via distance or in-person instruction. When compared to in-person instruction, teachers reported using fewer writing assignments, evidence-based writing practices, and adaptations for students with disabilities during distance learning. We provide implications for teacher professional development and detail limitations related to sample size and response rate
Women from Culturally Diverse Backgrounds in Sport Leadership: A Scoping Review of Facilitators and Barriers
Authors: Dadswell Kara , Mandicos Marie , Flowers Elliott P , Hanlon Clare
Published: November 2022

Women from culturally diverse backgrounds are underrepresented in sport leadership, often experiencing increased oppression and discrimination based on intersectionality. The aim of our paper was to scope the literature for facilitators and barriers that exist for women from culturally diverse backgrounds in sport leadership. Four databases with no limits on publication date were searched. A total of 1,838 articles were retrieved and screening revealed 12 eligible peer-reviewed journal articles. The review identified a dominant focus from the USA on experiences of Black or African American women, in basketball coaching or athletic director roles in college athletic departments. Key facilitators and barriers were entwined within four themes including personal characteristics, interpersonal support, organisational support and discrimination. Topics evolved from these themes to create a future research agenda.
Autonomous Movements and Their Media
Authors: Perkins Mitch
Published: November 2022

Social movements respond and adapt to the social and historical environment, and global connections have allowed activists to envision an array of alternatives. This has led present-day movements toward autonomous practices, such as non-hierarchical leadership, prefigurative politics, and decentralizing Western perspectives. Autonomous movements’ communication and media projects are formed by these political ideals and epistemologies, dependent upon their contextual situation. Such movements see change as inevitable and rigidity and dogmatism as stifling to the political imagination. Despite criticisms leveled against autonomous practices from other leftist political paradigms, these prefigured alternatives create change in the small and ephemeral ways available to them. This research outlines the political parameters of many current social movements, offering a framework by which to study grassroots media endeavors.
Negative Sentiment Toward Recent Migrants in a Post-Colonial City: A Case Study in Hong Kong
Authors: Fong Eric , Sun Biyang
Published: November 2022

By examining negative sentiment toward recent migrants among local residents in Hong Kong, this study fills a research gap in understanding group relations between migrants and local residents in post-colonial societies. We suggest that negative sentiments toward recent migrants among local residents in Hong Kong are the result of the society's post-colonial development, which has fostered a local identity and defined a group boundary between residents born in Hong Kong and migrants from the mainland. Linking post-colonial literature with literature on group boundaries, group threats, and scapegoating, we developed four hypotheses to explain the negative sentiments of local residents toward Chinese migrants. Using findings from data collected in 2014, we show that having close friends from mainland China, having higher income, and level of job satisfaction are all related to the level of negative sentiment toward mainland migrants in Hong Kong. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Book review: Pratik Chakrabarti, Inscriptions of Nature: Geology and the Naturalization of Antiquity
Authors: Mathew John
Published: November 2022

Pratik Chakrabarti, Inscriptions of Nature: Geology and the Naturalization of Antiquity. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 2020, xii + 263 pp., US$57. ISBN: 9781421438740.
Undergraduate food insecurity, mental health, and substance use behaviors
Authors: Neal Latasha , Zigmont Victoria A.
Published: November 2022

Objective: Recent epidemiological research has found food insecurity to be a growing public health concern among college students. This study investigated food insecurity, mental health, and substance use behaviors among state university undergraduate students. Study Design: Cross-sectional survey. Methods: This was a secondary data analysis of the Student Health Survey. Undergraduate participants ( n = 589) completed the paper-based survey, which had an 84% response rate overall. Results: Approximately 38.5% of students were considered food insecure, 24.8% experiencing low food security, and 13.8% experiencing very low food security. Having a diagnosis of depression, experience of depressive symptoms, and marijuana use in the past 30 days were associated with food insecurity. Conclusion and Implications: Food insecurity is a serious health concern for college students. The results of this study indicate collocating food security and counseling services may enhance existing student resources to better support students facing food and nutrition insecurity, substance use, and depression.
Gifted Education Teachers’ Concerns about Competency-Based Instruction
Authors: Chen Wei-Ren
Published: November 2022

Teacher concerns influence how teachers respond to education reform. The 12-Year Basic Education is a curriculum reform focusing on a competency-based curriculum and instruction in Taiwan. The aim of the current study was to investigate the stages and types of gifted education teachers’ concerns about competency-based instruction based on the Concerns-Based Adoption Model. A survey was administered to 274 gifted education teachers. The findings indicated that the gifted education teachers’ concern profiles were very similar. Teacher concerns fell into three relatively well-defined stages: the Information concern (stage 1), Refocusing (stage 6), and Personal (stage 2). In addition, teacher concerns were clustered into three types: (a) pursuing change agency with dialectical thinking; (b) looking for efficiency by managing resources; and (c) awareness of current situations but working individually. Each type consisted of its own characteristics and the developmental stages of concern. Recommendations for practice and future studies are also provided.
Biographies in TVE series, 1982–1996. Felipism and Spain's new image
Authors: Jurado Javier
Published: November 2022

Cultural policies of Felipe González's government were intended to reshape a certain national identity. We will focus on these legitimation strategies through TV series, and particularly those with historical background produced and exhibited by the public broadcasting institution, Television Española. The recovery of some liberal mythology from the 19th century and its adaptation to the 80s will allow us to connect the promoted national identity with the concept of constitutional patriotism defended by important figures of the PSOE since the transition to democracy until nowadays.
Sustained circulation: A descriptive framework of long-lived Japanese community currencies
Authors: September Jeremy , Kobayashi Shigeto
Published: November 2022

In spite of varied and sometimes underwhelming results, community currencies (CCs) continue to demonstrate potential for inducing beneficial regional development by means of technological innovation and creditable social outcomes. However, outside of the Western context, much still needs to be understood regarding their operation and management. Long-term durability in particular has been an issue that has been observed with CCs around the world. This paper aims to shed more light on this aspect of CC research from the Japanese perspective by formulating a descriptive framework of long-lived Japanese CCs. In order to accomplish this, 12 Japanese CC organizations that have each operated for at least a decade are investigated using a Grounded Theory approach (GT). The GT methodology was applied to a primary data set of transcribed interviews with CC leaders and organizers. This was supplemented by currency circulation reports, surveys among CC users, and observation of CC activities for the purposes of data triangulation. Leadership Continuity emerged as the core theme uniting these diverse organizations. An exploration of this theme reveals 3 broad operating forms of long-lived Japanese CCs, namely, LETS Passbook Communities, Subsidized Coupon Type CCs, and Non-Subsidized Coupon Type CCs. Additionally, 3 reliable funding strategies and 2 reinforcement factors were observed among the more robust organizations.
Identity, social engagement and community participation impact physical activity levels of stroke survivors: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Espernberger Karl , Fini Natalie A , Peiris Casey L
Published: November 2022

Objective

To explore how personal characteristics and social engagement impact the physical activity levels of chronic stroke survivors.

Design

A mixed-methods study comprising in-depth semi-structured interviews and objective 24-h physical activity monitoring. Interviews were thematically analysed, and activity diaries were compared to activity monitor data to attain a complete picture of physical activity. Triangulation explored the relationship between perceptions, beliefs, activity levels and social engagement.

Setting

Community.

Participants

Community-dwelling, independently mobile, adult stroke survivors (n = 19). The mean age was 74 (11 SD) years, 52% female, mean time post-stroke 41 (SD 61) months.

Main measures

Qualitative and quantitative measures including individual semi-structured interviews, accelerometry, activity diaries, self-efficacy, Frenchay Activities Index and Barthel Index.

Results

Individual identity had the greatest perceived influence on post-stroke physical activity. Pre-stroke identity, meaningful activities and family culture contributed to identity; while social and community activities, self-efficacy, co-morbidities, stroke symptoms and exercise, also impacted physical activity. Participants averaged 5365 (IQR 3378–7854) steps per day and reported a mean self-efficacy for exercise score of 51 (SD 20). Triangulation showed convergent relationships between post-stroke physical activity levels and participant motivation, comorbidities, level of social and community participation, self-efficacy and pre-stroke activity levels.

Conclusion

Personal identity, social engagement and community participation are important factors to consider when implementing a person-centred approach to increasing physical activity participation post-stroke.
Putative neurochemical and cell type contributions to hemodynamic activity in the rodent caudate putamen
Authors: Katz Brittany M , Walton Lindsay R , Houston Kaiulani M , Cerri Domenic H , Shih Yen-Yu Ian
Published: November 2022

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is widely used by researchers to noninvasively monitor brain-wide activity. The traditional assumption of a uniform relationship between neuronal and hemodynamic activity throughout the brain has been increasingly challenged. This relationship is now believed to be impacted by heterogeneously distributed cell types and neurochemical signaling. To date, most cell-type- and neurotransmitter-specific influences on hemodynamics have been examined within the cortex and hippocampus of rodent models, where glutamatergic signaling is prominent. However, neurochemical influences on hemodynamics are relatively unknown in largely GABAergic brain regions such as the rodent caudate putamen (CPu). Given the extensive contribution of CPu function and dysfunction to behavior, and the increasing focus on this region in fMRI studies, improved understanding of CPu hemodynamics could have broad impacts. Here we discuss existing findings on neurochemical contributions to hemodynamics as they may relate to the CPu with special consideration for how these contributions could originate from various cell types and circuits. We hope this review can help inform the direction of future studies as well as interpretation of fMRI findings in the CPu.
Efficacy of median nerve electrical stimulation on the recovery of patients with consciousness disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Peng , Cao Wei , Zhou Hong , Zhang Huan Xin , Zhang Lunzhong , Liu Li , Sui Yunlong , Zhang Zhen , Yin Xiaoyu , Yang Fan , Kong Li
Published: November 2022

Objective

To identify whether median nerve stimulation (MNS) may be a potential candidate for the treatment of consciousness disorders via a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

PubMed, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese VIP Information, Wanfang, and SinoMed databases were searched. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Disability Rating Scale (DRS), electroencephalogram (EEG), days in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and cerebral blood flow measures were compared between the median nerve stimulation and control groups. The meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager software.

Results

We identified 2244 studies, of which 23 (with data from 1856 patients) qualified for the analysis. MNS improved GCS scores (mean difference [MD] = 2.15), EEG scores (MD = 1.61), cerebral mean blood flow velocity (MD = 4.23), and cerebral systolic blood flow velocity (MD = 10.51). Furthermore, it decreased DRS scores (MD = −1.77) and days in the ICU (MD = −2.02). The effects of MNS on GCS scores increased with longer treatments (1 week, MD = 1.03; 1 month, MD = 2.35) and were better with right MNS (right, MD = 2.36; bilateral, MD = 1.72).

Conclusions

MNS may promote recovery from consciousness disorders.
Effect of add-on sacubitril/valsartan on the left ventricular hypertrophy of a patient with hypertension
Authors: Imamura Teruhiko , Kinugawa Koichiro
Published: November 2022

The combination of sacubitril and valsartan has recently become eligible for reimbursement in Japan for the treatment of hypertension. However, the real-world clinical efficacy of sacubitril/valsartan in patients with hypertension who are taking multiple anti-hypertensive medications remains to be characterized. We treated a man in his late 40s who had undergone a percutaneous coronary intervention and had hypertension that was refractory to multiple anti-hypertensive medications. We initiated sacubitril/valsartan 200 mg/day as an add-on therapy, and 3 months later, his blood pressure had decreased from 154/78 mmHg to 134/70 mmHg, in the absence of any drug-related adverse events. Furthermore, his left ventricular mass index had improved from 135 g/m2 to 112 g/m2. Thus, sacubitril/valsartan might ameliorate hypertrophy in patients with hypertension.
Evaluation of the predictive factors of the short-term effects of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation in COVID-19 survivors
Authors: Barbieri Valentina , Scarabel Luca , Bertella Laura , Scarpina Federica , Schiavone Nicola , Perucca Laura , Rossi Paolo
Published: November 2022

Objective

Functional impairments after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) constitute a major concern in rehabilitative settings; however, evidence assessing the efficacy of rehabilitation programs is lacking. The aim of this study was to verify the clinical characteristics that may represent useful predictors of the short-term effectiveness of multidisciplinary rehabilitation.

Methods

In this real-practice retrospective pre–post intervention cohort study, the short-term effectiveness of a multidisciplinary patient-tailored rehabilitation program was assessed through normalized variations in the Functional Independence Measure in post-acute care patients who had overcome severe COVID-19. Biochemical markers, motor and nutritional characteristics, and the level of comorbidity were evaluated as predictors of functional outcome. Length of stay in the rehabilitation ward was also considered.

Results

Following rehabilitation, all participants ( n = 53) reported a significant decrease in the level of disability in both motor and cognitive functioning. However, neither motor and nutritional characteristics nor comorbidities played a significant role in predicting the overall positive change registered after rehabilitation.

Conclusions

The results support the existing sparse evidence addressing the importance of an early rehabilitation program for patients who received intensive care and post-acute care due to severe COVID-19.
Commercial real estate governance in an era of climate change and biodiversity rising issues: Interview with Nathalie Palladitcheff, president and chief executive officer Ivanhoé Cambridge
Authors: De Serres Andrée
Published: November 2022

Commercial Real Estate Governance in an Era of Climate Change and Biodiversity Rising Issues : Interview with Nathalie Palladitcheff, President and Chief Executive Officer, Ivanhoé Cambridge.
Leaderfulness from a Gramscian perspective: Building organic intellectuals within Black lives matter
Authors: Nulman Eugene , Cole Ashley
Published: November 2022

Contemporary social movements and organizations have increasingly embraced the notion of ‘leaderfulness’. This development has the possibility of affecting the current struggles these movements face as well as the activist landscapes of the future. Due to its distinct contribution to developing an analysis of leadership, this article seeks to position Gramsci’s intellectual work at the heart of understanding the ways in which these contemporary movement organizations are using organizational structures to address social objectives and the implications this has on the movement. Specifically, this article examines the Black Lives Matter Global Network, which openly advocates for leaderfulness, through documentary content analysis and 22 interviews of activists across 18 local chapters. We find that the structures for promoting leaderfulness which Gramsci had advocated for were lacking and, we argue, this was the reason why the development of leaderfulness was limited. This article helps to shed light on the difficulties of social movement momentum and proposes a solution drawn from Gramsci’s work.
Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder Modified With Reactive/Non-Reactive Polymer and Polyphosphoric Acid
Authors: Duarte Érika Vitória de Negreiros , Rodrigues John Kennedy Guedes , Mendonça Ana Maria Gonçalves Duarte , Melo Neto Osires de Medeiros , Costa Daniel Beserra , Lima Robson Kel Batista de
Published: November 2022

This paper investigated the rheological performance of the combination of ethylene methyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate—EMA-GMA (reactive polymer)—and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) associated with polyphosphoric acid (PPA116%) in the modification of an asphalt binder (PG 64-XX). Tests such as performance grade (PG), multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR), linear amplitude sweep (LAS), and master curve vary the EMA-GMA and PPA116% contents to obtain an ideal composition to provide a high-performance asphalt binder and thus compare with an unmodified asphalt binder and a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modified asphalt binder. The results showed that the asphalt binder stiffness improved as the EMA-GMA and PPA116% content increased. The PG temperature increased with the addition of PPA116% content in the asphalt binder samples, being most significant with the use of 1.8% of EMA-GMA. The addition of the combined polymers decreased the susceptibility to rut and improved the elastic recovery of the asphalt binder PG 64-XX, but only the samples with 1.8% EMA-GMA showed higher elastic recovery than the SBS-modified binder. PPA116% provided benefits in damage resistance at all strain levels; however, more was observed in samples subject to minor strains. The incorporation of 1.8% EMA-GMA, 0.3% HDPE, and 0.5% PPA116% was the one that presented the most improvements, without presenting gelation, in the performance of the asphalt binder in relation to stiffness and elasticity with increasing temperature. Thus, the use of these polymers in this composition can be a good alternative to regions with high temperatures, such as the northeast region of Brazil.