bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends in Blood Pressure Treatment Intensification in Older Adults With Hypertension in the United States, 2008 to 2018
Authors: Chiu Nicholas , Chiu Leonard , Aggarwal Rahul , Raber Inbar , Bhatt Deepak L. , Mukamal Kenneth J.
Published: October 2022

Background:

Hypertension control has worsened nationally, and treatment intensification is important for control. National trends for appropriate blood pressure intensification for older adults are unknown. We determine the proportion of ambulatory visits where older adults with hypertension were appropriately intensified on antihypertensives from 2008 to 2018.

Methods:

Data from National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey were used. National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey is a nationally representative sample of ambulatory visits. Adults 60 years or older were included. Appropriate antihypertensive intensification was defined as addition of an antihypertensive for a blood pressure reading above target. We examined appropriate intensification by blood pressure targets set by the American College of Cardiology–American Heart Association, the European Society of Cardiology, and the American College of Physicians–American Academy of Family Physicians guidelines for older adults. Further, we defined an additional all-inclusive criterion meeting all 3 guidelines.

Results:

From 2008 to 2018, appropriate intensification by American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association occurred at 11.1% (95% CI, 9.8%–12.5%) of visits, decreasing from 13.6% (95% CI, 15.6%–28.7%) of visits in 2008 to 2009 to 10.4% (95% CI, 10.9%–26.4%) in 2015 to 2018. Appropriate intensification by European Society of Cardiology occurred at 14.2% (12.1%–16.6%) of visits over 2008 to 2018, decreasing from 16.9% (95% CI, 13.5%–21.0%) in 2008 to 2009 to 12.5% (95% CI, 7.4%–20.3%) from 2015 to 2018. Appropriate intensification by American Academy of Family Physicians/American College of Physicians occurred at 18.9% (16.2%–22.0%) of visits over 2008 to 2018, decreasing from 24.7% (95% CI, 20.2%–29.0%) in 2008 to 2009 to 14.9% (95% CI, 9.0%–23.7%) from 2015 to 2018. By all-inclusive criteria, intensification trended toward worsening with time: odds ratio: 0.93 ([95% CI, 0.87–1.00];
P
=0.07).

Conclusions:

Appropriate treatment intensification for older adults with hypertension in the United States was suboptimal over the past decade.
Stance Adverbials in Spoken English Interactions: Insights from Corpora of L1 and L2 Elicited Conversations
Authors: Castello Erik
Published: October 2022

This paper adopts corpus-based methods to investigate how adverbial stance markers are used in the Swedish and in the Italian EFL LINDSEI sub-corpora and in the L1 English LOCNEC comparable corpus (Gilquin et al. 2010). Inspired by research on corpus pragmatics, conversation analysis, learner corpus research and EFL pedagogy, the quantitative and qualitative investigations focus on stance adverbials in turn-initial and final position. The results reveal that the Italian learners use such markers significantly less frequently than the native speakers and the Swedish learners in both positions. However, differently from the Swedish and the Italian groups, the L1 group employs the adverbials mainly in final position and makes use of a wider repertoire of them to make more meanings. The study also explores how stance adverbials can contribute to discourse management in combination with other linguistic elements, and discusses implications of these and other findings for EFL pedagogy.
Rubus violaceifrons (Rosaceae), a new bramble species from Bohemia (Central Europe, Czech Republic)
Authors: HAVLÍČEK PETR , TRÁVNÍČEK BOHUMIL , VELEBIL JIŘÍ
Published: October 2022

Rubus violaceifrons, a new species from central and north-eastern Bohemia (Czech Republic) is described and illustrated, and its distribution is characterized in detail. We classify it as a member of the series Pallidi of the subgenus Rubus, section Rubus and subsection Hiemales, although its weak specimens partly resemble R. guentheri from ser. Glandulosi. Like all species of R. ser. Pallidi studied so far, R. violaceifrons is tetraploid, as determined using flow cytometry. A detailed morphological comparison of the new bramble species with similar taxa is presented. A determination key including all taxa of the R. ser. Pallidi occurring in the Czech Republic is provided.
Novelties in Cuphea (Lythraceae) from Serra do Espinhaço and Serra da Mantiqueira, and a key to the species from Minas Gerais state, Brazil
Authors: FACCO MARLON GARLET , CAVALCANTI TACIANA BARBOSA
Published: October 2022

Throughout the taxonomic studies towards the global revision of the genus Cuphea, two new species endemic to the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and classified in C. sect. Euandra subsect. Hilariella, were identified: C. dryadica from the Serra da Mantiqueira complex, in the Atlantic Rainforest, and C. venosa from the Septentrional block of the Serra do Espinhaço, in the Cerrado biome. Both species are described, illustrated, commented on their ecological aspects and taxonomic affinities. According to a preliminary assessment of the conservation status, the new species were categorized as Critically Endangered. An identification key for the 52 species of Cuphea that occur in the state of Minas Gerais is given.
Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes in Microchilus longicornu (Goodyerinae Orchidaceae)
Authors: ENGELS MATHIAS E. , C. SMIDT ERIC
Published: October 2022

Along with the study of Goodyerinae from Brazil and the examination of type material associated with new collections and fresh material, the delimitation and circumscription of Microchilus longicornu, species that have been mistakenly treated as a synonym of M. foliosa, are discussed. Additionally, we present nomenclatural comments with the second phase of the lectotypification of M. longicornu.
Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR FT-IR) Spectroscopy Sensitivity to the Thermal Decay of Bone Collagen
Authors: Thomas Brian , Anderson Kevin , De Silva Imesha , Verbeck Guido , Taylor Stephen
Published: October 2022

The analysis of collagen stability is of interest in forensics, archaeology, and molecular paleontology. Collagen decay rates are often measured by thermal kinetic studies that employ liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to assay collagen quantities. However, these kinetic studies generally focus on measuring the decreasing levels of collagen instead of an exact molecular concentration of each sample. Thus, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy can offer a simpler and less expensive alternative to LC-MS. The application of a new protocol to determine decreasing amounts of bone collagen in artificially decayed porcine and bovine bone was assessed. The protocol uses a forensic application of ATR FT-IR spectroscopy on size-restricted bone powder from three uniformly high temperature conditions. Also, for the first time, collagen-specific second-harmonic generation (SHG) imaging was also applied to artificially aged bone to add an independent, qualitative perspective to parallel FT-IR assessments. SHG images and ATR FT-IR spectra together reveal the same orderly bone collagen decay as found in previous thermal kinetic studies. Resulting Arrhenius plots with r2 values > 0.95 suggest that the ATR FT-IR-based protocol has potential as a precise and simple tool for measuring bone collagen decay rates. The results are significant for applications of thermal kinetic studies, and our protocol can serve as an inexpensive, precise, and pragmatic means of evaluating bone collagen stability within an array of conditions.
How do international borders affect conflict processes? Evidence from the end of Mandate Palestine
Authors: McAlexander Richard J
Published: October 2022

Rebels can comply with international law during a conflict by not violating international borders, yet strategic goals may incentivize rebels to violate these borders. When do international borders affect the spatial and temporal distribution of rebel activity in a conflict setting? I theorize rebels have an incentive to refrain from violating borders when doing so will reduce their international legitimacy. When international legitimacy is a less important goal, rebels will be more likely to violate borders. I test this claim in the context of the 1948 War in Mandate Palestine by exploiting a quasi-natural experiment in how the 1947 UN partition line was drawn. Using an original dataset on over 1,000 Palestinian villages from British colonial documents and an atlas of aerial photographs of Palestine, I use a geographic regression discontinuity design to see how the UN partition line affected the location and timing of depopulated villages during the war. The results show that villages in areas that the UN assigned to the future Israeli state as part of the 1947 partition plan were more likely to be conquered before Israel received recognition. These findings have important implications for understanding where and when rebels target areas and shed new light on important dynamics of the 1948 War in Palestine.
Lasso algorithm and support vector machine strategy to screen pulmonary arterial hypertension gene diagnostic markers
Authors: Jiang Chenyang , Jiang Weidong
Published: October 2022

Background

This study employs machine learning strategy algorithms to screen the optimal gene signature of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) under big data in the medical field.

Methods

The public database Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was used to analyze datasets of 32 normal controls and 37 PAH disease samples. The enrichment analysis was performed after selecting the differentially expressed genes. Two machine learning methods, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and support vector machine (SVM), were used to identify the candidate genes. The external validation data set further tests the expression level and diagnostic value of candidate diagnostic genes. The diagnostic effectiveness was evaluated by obtaining the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). The convolution tool CIBERSORT was used to estimate the composition pattern of the immune cell subtypes and to perform correlation analysis based on the combined training dataset.

Results

A total of 564 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened in normal control and pulmonary hypertension samples. The enrichment analysis results were found to be closely related to cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, and immune-related pathways. The LASSO and SVM algorithms in machine learning used 5 × cross-validation to identify 9 and 7 characteristic genes. The two machine learning algorithms shared Caldesmon 1 ( CALD1) and Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 11 ( SLC7A11) as genetic signals highly correlated with PAH. The results showed that the area under ROC (AUC) of the specific characteristic diagnostic genes were CALD1 (AUC = 0.924) and SLC7A11 (AUC = 0.962), indicating that the two diagnostic genes have high diagnostic value.

Conclusion

CALD1 and SLC7A11 can be used as diagnostic markers of PAH to obtain new insights for the further study of the immune mechanism involved in PAH.
Artificial Intelligence and Public Human Resource Management: Questions for Research and Practice
Authors: Johnson Brad A. M. , Coggburn Jerrell D. , Llorens Jared J.
Published: October 2022

Advances in big data and artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning (ML) and other cognitive computing technologies (CCT), have facilitated the development of human resource management (HRM) applications promising greater efficiency, economy, and effectiveness for public administration (Maciejewski, 2017) and better alignment with the modern, constantly evolving employment landscape. It is not surprising then that these advanced technologies are featured in proposals to elevate the government’s human capital. This article discusses current and emerging AI applications that stand to impact most (if not all) HRM functions and their prospects for elevating public human capital. In particular, this article (a) reviews the current state of the field with regards to AI and HRM, (b) discusses AI’s current and potential impact upon the core functional areas of HRM, (c) identifies the main challenges AI poses to such concerns as public values, equity, and traditional merit system principles, and (d) concludes by identifying research needs for public HRM scholarship and practice that highlight the growing role and influence of AI applications in the workplace.
Multi-well dynamic liquid-level prediction method of pumping well based on dynamic and static information feature fusion neural network
Authors: Jia Mingxing , Leng Chunyang
Published: October 2022

In a rod pumping system, accurate prediction of dynamic liquid level is a key to rational optimization of pumping system parameters. At present, it is difficult to use a uniform prediction model for dynamic liquid-level prediction in different rod pumping systems. To this end, a method for predicting the dynamic liquid level of multiple wells in a pumping well based on dynamic and static information feature fusion (DSIFF) neural network is proposed in this paper. According to the principle of dynamic liquid-level calculation, suspension displacement, suspension load, pumping rod parameters, formation crude oil density, surface crude oil density, oil pressure, and casing pressure are used as inputs. The subnetwork feature extraction method is proposed for the problem of large network structure caused by the high dimension of the important dynamic data of suspension displacement and suspension load. The Huber loss function is used as the loss function of the prediction model for the case of abnormal data in the large amount of data required for model training. Finally, the results of comparative analysis show that the proposed method solves the problem of unified establishment of dynamic liquid-level prediction model for multiple oil wells and has better robustness for abnormal data.
Fast finite-time consensus protocol of multi-agent systems with nonholonomic constraints
Authors: Zhang Fei , Cai Mingjie , Wang Baofang
Published: October 2022

In this paper, a fast finite-time consensus protocol for multi-agent systems with nonholonomic constraints is studied. First, the chained form nonholonomic systems are transformed into two subsystems, which are the first-order subsystem and the reduced-order subsystem. Based on graph theory content and fast finite-time control theory, the fast finite-time consensus problems of the two subsystems are taken into consideration separately. Second, a switching control strategy is proposed to ensure that all states of multiple nonholonomic systems converge instantly to the same state in finite time. Finally, a numerical example is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.
Hardware and data in the platform era: Chinese smartphones in Africa
Authors: Avle Seyram
Published: October 2022

The increased access to smartphones in Africa and elsewhere in the global south has opened new markets and new areas for surveillance/platform capitalism/data colonialism to operate. This article attends to the socio-technical practices of Transsion, the Chinese maker of Africa’s top selling smartphones, and through these showcases how essential hardware are to the global data economy. Working from a mix of data, including translocal fieldwork in Shenzhen, Accra, Addis Ababa, and a close reading of Transsion products and artifacts alongside business practices, the article shows how the company’s prioritizing of Black African consumer needs sustains its competitive position and how its constellation of hardware and apps are integral to its success in routine experimentation of artificial intelligence, facial recognition, and other emerging areas of computation. Ultimately, the argument is that consumer hardware such as low-cost smartphones are critical to the datafication of the everyday in the global south via the bundling of surveillant and extractive software and should be considered sites of power within discourses on the platform era.
Evaluating and Modeling Neighborhood Diversity and Health Using Electronic Health Records
Authors: Dalton Jarrod E. , Pfoh Elizabeth R. , Dawson Neal V. , Mourany Lyla , Becerril Alissa , Gunzler Douglas D. , Berg Kristen A. , Einstadter Douglas , Krieger Nikolas I. , Perzynski Adam T.
Published: October 2022

Background

Electronic health records (EHRs) provide researchers with abundant sample sizes, detailed clinical data, and other advantages for performing high-quality observational health research on diverse populations. We review and demonstrate strategies for the design and analysis of cohort studies on neighborhood diversity and health, including evaluation of the effects of race, ethnicity, and neighborhood socioeconomic position on disease prevalence and health outcomes, using localized EHR data.

Methods

Design strategies include integrating and harmonizing EHR data across multiple local health systems and defining the population(s) of interest and cohort extraction procedures for a given analysis based on the goal(s) of the study. Analysis strategies address inferential goals, including the mechanistic study of social risks, statistical adjustment for differences in distributions of social and neighborhood-level characteristics between available EHR data and the underlying local population, and inference on individual neighborhoods. We provide analyses of local variation in mortality rates within Cuyahoga County, Ohio.

Results

When the goal of the analysis is to adjust EHR samples to be more representative of local populations, sampling and weighting are effective. Causal mediation analysis can inform effects of racism (through racial residential segregation) on health outcomes. Spatial analysis is appealing for large-scale EHR data as a means for studying heterogeneity among neighborhoods even at a given level of overall neighborhood disadvantage.

Conclusions

The methods described are a starting point for robust EHR-derived cohort analysis of diverse populations. The methods offer opportunities for researchers to pursue detailed analyses of current and historical underlying circumstances of social policy and inequality. Investigators can employ combinations of these methods to achieve greater robustness of results.

Highlights

EHR data are an abundant resource for studying neighborhood diversity and health. When using EHR data for these studies, careful consideration of the goals of the study should be considered in determining cohort specifications and analytic approaches. Causal mediation analysis, stratification, and spatial analysis are effective methods for characterizing social mechanisms and heterogeneity across localized populations.
Music preference, social identity, and collective self-esteem
Authors: Clark Amber B , Lonsdale Adam J
Published: October 2022

Previous research suggests there may be links between people’s self-esteem and their musical preferences, although this evidence is inconsistent and inconclusive. The present study aimed to reexamine these links using measures of collective self-esteem, while also taking into account factors that are likely to moderate these links (i.e., age, gender, and personality). One hundred thirty-nine young adults completed an online questionnaire assessing their musical preferences, collective self-esteem, and personality. Participants’ musical preferences were found to be linked to their self-reported collective self-esteem. When controlling for the effects of age, gender, and personality, scores on the private collective self-esteem subscale were found to positively predict preference for “intense and rebellious” music (i.e., hard rock, heavy metal, punk). Scores on the importance to identity subscale, however, were found to negatively predict participants’ preference for “reflective and complex” music (e.g., blues, classical music, folk). These findings suggest that collective self-esteem might play a role in how our musical preferences develop and offer further evidence for the idea that our music preferences are somehow linked to our sense of identity.
Lower Extremity Musculoskeletal Injuries After Concussion in Collegiate Student-Athletes
Authors: Buckley Thomas A. , Chandran Avinash , Mauntel Timothy C. , Kerr Zachary Yukio , Brown Derek W. , Boltz Adrian J. , Herman Daniel C. , Hall Eric E. , Lynall Robert C.
Published: October 2022

Background:

An association has been identified between concussion and lower extremity musculoskeletal injury (LEMSKI) after return to sports participation. However, the collegiate student-athlete studies have relied on relatively small single-institution studies, which limits generalizability.

Purpose:

To assess odds of, and time to, LEMSKI after concussion in US collegiate athletes, using the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Injury Surveillance Program (ISP).

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

Data from the NCAA ISP during the 2010-2011 through 2019-2020 athletic seasons were considered for analysis. Frequency distributions were examined for details related to the initial and subsequent injuries (injuries to bone, bursa, joint, ligament, muscle, or tendon). Multivariable logistic regression models and random-effects Poisson regression models examined odds of time loss (TL) and non–time loss (NTL) LEMSKI after concussion, as well as the time interval between initial concussion and subsequent LEMSKI in a single athletic season, or initial musculoskeletal injury (MSKI) and subsequent LEMSKI in a single athletic season. Analyses were performed separately for football and other sports.

Results:

A total of 31,556 initial injuries were recorded (football: 11,900; other sports: 19,656), which were followed by 0 or 1 injury in the same season. Overall, first injury type was not a significant predictor of subsequent LEMSKI, although certain contrasts yielded significant estimates. In football, the odds of NTL LEMSKI were higher after concussion than after upper extremity MSKI (UEMSKI; adjusted odds ratio [ORAdj], 1.56; 95% CI, 1.06-2.31). In football, the odds of TL LEMSKI were lower after concussion than after UEMSKI (ORAdj, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.51-0.99). No other significant effect estimates were observed for football or other sports.

Conclusion:

First injury type, either concussion or upper extremity, was not associated with an elevated risk of LEMSKI. Specifically, the results of this study did not identify an elevated odds of LEMSKI after a concussion. However, the authors observed greater odds of NTL LEMSKI and lower odds of TL LEMSKI in football.
Meta-analysis of Volunteer Motives Using the Volunteer Functions Inventory to Predict Volunteer Satisfaction, Commitment, and Behavior
Authors: Zhou Steven , Kodama Muscente Kailee
Published: October 2022

In 2017, about 30% of all U.S. adults volunteered for a total of 6.9 billion hours. This raises the question, why do so many people volunteer? Extant research has produced highly variable estimates of the effect sizes of various motivating factors, and there has been little to no research on potential moderators (i.e., study-level covariates that might strengthen or weaken the main effect of volunteer motives). We meta-analyzed 61 studies ( N = 38,327) to estimate the effect sizes of six volunteer motivators (Volunteer Functions Inventory [VFI]; Clary et al., 1998) in predicting outcomes (satisfaction, commitment, intention to continue, and frequency). Results demonstrate that all six motivators significantly predicted the three outcome variables ([Formula: see text] ranging from .12 to .44). Values was the strongest predictor by far, based on the largest effect size and a post hoc relative importance analysis. Moderator analyses indicated some differences in effect sizes across gender and student status; there were few differences across geographic location, race-ethnicity, college degree attainment, and employment status. Implications for volunteer managers and organizations on how to best work with volunteers are described.
Influence of heat input on intermetallic formation in dissimilar autogenous laser welding between Inconel 718 and AISI 316L steel
Authors: Sahu AK , Bag S
Published: October 2022

Intermetallic formation during dissimilar welding of Inconel and stainless steel significantly hinders producing sound-quality weld. In the present work, a high-power CO2 laser welding system is employed to join Inconel 718 and AISI 316L stainless steel without using any filler materials. The finite element based thermal model provides the temperature distribution in the weld zone and consequently the solidification parameters (G/R and G.R). The micro-segregation and intermetallic formation in laser welding are correlated with these solidification parameters. The segregation of principal alloying elements triggers the formation of intermetallic phases during solidification. The presence of various phases like Laves, NbC, and TiC in the fusion zone reduces with increase in heat input. The amount of these intermetallic phases present in the weld zone is estimated by XRD analysis. With an increase in heat input, the mode of solidification changes from columnar to equiaxed dendrites that is characterized at reduced value of solidification parameter (G/R). The intermetallic Laves particle diminishes significantly (more than 90%) with a reduction of G/R parameter. In equiaxed dendrites, the segregation and formation of these secondary particles reduces to more than 40% compared to the columnar dendritic structure. Overall, the reduction in the intermetallic particles improves the joint efficiency up to 100% with an elongation of 14.2% for the equiaxed structure of the laser welding system.
Adaptive fault-tolerant control for distributed in-wheel motor drive electric vehicles with unknown brake systems’ faults
Authors: Wang Qiuwei , Zhao Youqun , Deng Huifan , Lin Fen
Published: October 2022

We present in this study an adaptive fault-tolerant control (adaptive FTC) strategy to ensure the handling and safety of the distributed in-wheel motor drive electric vehicles (DIMDEVs) against unknown brake systems’ faults. The proposed adaptive FTC derives the constraints about additional lateral tire force and yaw moments to stabilize DIMDEV when the brake systems’ faults occur, which tracks the desired trajectories including the ideal yaw rate and lateral velocity. Then the proper drive torque increments are calculated by the optimization with the derived constraints and applied on DIMDEV to realize the fault-tolerant capacity. The convergence of the whole scheme is proved by the Lyapunov stability theory and Barbalat’s lemma. Finally, the joint simulation of commercial software Carsim and Simulink verifies the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm, which lays the foundation for the safety of electric vehicle chassis.
The relationship between the development level of American public libraries and the output of science and engineering publications
Authors: Jiang Yangyang , He Jia , Jin Bo , Jiang Jiahe
Published: October 2022

This paper explores the exact relationship between the development level of American public libraries and the output of science and engineering publications. We use the sample data from 1996 to 2019 to build a time series model, and analyze the long-term equilibrium, short-term correlation and Granger causality relationships between them with stationarity test, cointegration test, Granger causality test, and impulse response function. The results suggest that there are a long-term equilibrium relationship and a bidirectional Granger causality between them. The two interact and promote each other. The impact of the development level of American public libraries on the output of science and engineering publications can be seen in fewer time periods, while the impact of the output of science and engineering publications on the development level of American public libraries take more time periods to show.
The Blind Spots of Sociotechnical Imaginaries: COVID-19 Scepticism in Brazil, the United Kingdom and the United States
Authors: Leonel Da Silva Renan Gonçalves , Au Larry
Published: October 2022

During the first wave of the coronavirus pandemic in 2020, experts and policymakers mobilised various slogans to compel the public to help defeat COVID-19. By comparing Brazil, the United Kingdom and the United States, this study shows how dominant sociotechnical imaginaries tied to the slogans were mobilised. We argue that the blind spots of these dominant sociotechnical imaginaries contributed to subversive sociotechnical imaginaries and made room for COVID-19 scepticism. In Brazil, calls to ‘take care of yourself’ contributed to a sceptical stance that individualised responsibility. In the United Kingdom, calls to ‘protect the NHS’ contributed to sceptical accusations of whataboutism and the neglect of other vital social institutions during the lockdown. In the United States, calls to ‘flatten the curve’ contributed to scepticism that challenged public health interventions through discourses of individual choice and freedom. By paying attention to the blind spots of dominant sociotechnical imaginaries, we argue that experts and policymakers should be sensitive to how public health messaging may have feedback effects that detract from the initial aims of interventions.
Measurement and Functional Equivalence of a Reduced Version of the UPPS Impulsivity Scale Among Hispanic, Non-Hispanic Black, and Non-Hispanic White Adolescents
Authors: Kim Joanna J. , Perez Vanesa M. , Gonzales Nancy A. , Thamrin Hardian , Tein Jenn-Yun
Published: October 2022

The current study aimed to assess the measurement equivalence and functional equivalence of the UPPS (Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation Seeking) Impulsivity Scale among three ethnoracial adolescent samples in the U.S. seventh-grade students who self-identified as Hispanic ( n = 472), non-Hispanic Black ( n = 89), or non-Hispanic White ( n = 90), and completed an English-language version of the Child version of the UPPS, which was shortened and modified to include positive urgency items. Through a series of confirmatory factor analyses, the UPPS demonstrated configural, metric, and partial threshold invariance. Fisher’s r-to- z transformations were used to assess the functional equivalence of the UPPS against well-validated measures of self-regulation and mental health commonly associated with impulsivity. We found some group differences in the magnitude of associations. Yet, overall, this study provides evidence that the UPPS can be used to measure distinct factors of impulsivity among Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic White adolescents.
The Incidence Trend of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in the United States During 2003–2017
Authors: Li Yunmei , Che Wenqiang , Yu Zhong , Zheng Shuai , Xie Shuping , Chen Chong , Qiao Mengmeng , Lyu Jun
Published: October 2022

Background

The rapid increase in the detection rate of thyroid cancer over the past few decades has caused some unexpected economic burdens. However, that of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) seems to have had the opposite trend, which is worthy of further comprehensive exploration.

Methods

The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 database was used to identify patients with PTC diagnosed during 2003-2017. The incidence trends were analyzed using joinpoint analysis and an age-period-cohort model.

Results

The overall PTC incidence rate increased from 9.9 to 16.1 per 100 000 between 2003 and 2017. The joinpoint analysis indicated that the incidence growth rate began to slow down in 2009 (annual percentage change [APC] = 3.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.9%–4.4%). After reaching its peak in 2015, it began to decrease by 2.8% (95% CI = −4.6% to −1.0%) per year. The stratified analysis indicated that the incidence patterns of different sexes, age groups, races, and tumor stages and sizes had similar downward trends, including for the localized (APC = −4.5%, 95% CI = −7% to −1.9%) and distant (APC = −1.3%, 95% CI = −2.7% to −.1%) stages, and larger tumors (APC = −4%, 95% CI = −12% to 4.7%). The age-period-cohort model indicated a significant period effect on PTC, which gradually weakened after 2008-2012. The cohort effect indicates that the risk of late birth cohorts is gradually stabilizing and lower than that of early birth cohorts.

Conclusion

The analysis results of the recent downward trend and period effect for the incidence of each subgroup further support the important role of correcting overdiagnosis in reducing the prevalence of PTC. Future research needs to analyze more-recent data to verify these downward trends.
Engaging Campuses in Meaningful Change Efforts to Address Relationship Violence and Sexual Misconduct: Lessons Learned From the Michigan State University Experience
Authors: McMahon Sarah
Published: October 2022

Although recent decades have been marked by tremendous strides in addressing relationship violence and sexual misconduct at institutions of higher education across the country, there still exists a range of degree and meaningfulness of these changes. A key question raised by Campbell et al. in the discussion of the model developed at Michigan State University (MSU) is how to align institutional commitment with actions, as well as engage in “meaningful” change. Three aspects of the MSU model that stand out as especially critical for other institutions to consider include working toward culture change, engaging the larger campus community, and conducting an ongoing evaluation.
Enhancing Inclusivity for LGBTQIA+ Student Survivors of Color Commentary: Creating a University Strategic Plan to Address Relationship Violence and Sexual Misconduct (RVSM): An Application of Principles-Focused Evaluation at Michigan State University
Authors: Jacobson López Daniel
Published: October 2022

Campbell and colleagues propose a robust and rigorous strategic model to address and reduce Relationship Violence and Sexual Misconduct (RVSM) at Michigan State University, which significantly advances the field of RVSM prevention and education, particularly for survivors belonging to marginalized populations. While prior efforts have addressed RVSM on college and university campuses, Campbell and colleagues’ model is groundbreaking in its ability to reduce RVSM against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, intersex, and asexual/agender (LGBTQIA+) students of color, by its principles of intersectional and trauma-informed action. This commentary highlights the contributions of Campbell et al.'s model and provides recommendations for enhancing programming and postassault services by addressing the totality of LGBTQIA+ survivors of color's identities.
Evaluation of the Regulatory Role of Circadian Rhythm Related Long Non-Coding RNAs in ADHD Etiogenesis
Authors: Akkaya Canan , Karadag Mehmet , Hangul Zehra , Sahin Emel , Isbilen Elif
Published: October 2022

Objective:

ADHD is associated with increased sleep problems and circadian rhythm disturbances. This study aimed to examine ADHD patients and healthy controls in terms of chronotypic features and expression levels of CLOCK, PER1, lncRNA HULC, lncRNA UCA1.

Method:

Eighty-three children were included (43 ADHD). Conner’s Parent Rating Scale-Revised Short Form, Childhood Chronotype Questionnaire, Children’s Sleep Disorders Scale were administered. Gene expression levels were studied from peripheral blood.

Results:

Evening chronotype, sleep initiation/maintenance disorder, sleep-wake transition disorder, excessive sleepiness disorder were higher in the ADHD group compared to the controls in the scales reported by the parents. Expression levels of all examined genes were statistically significantly higher in the ADHD group. There was no significant relationship between genes and sleep parameters in the ADHD group.

Conclusion:

Our study provides the first evidence that lncRNA HULC and lncRNA UCA1 might have a role in the etiology of ADHD.
Endoscopic and external dacryocystorhinostomy: A therapeutic proposal for distal acquired lacrimal obstructions
Authors: Vinciguerra Alessandro , Resti Antonio Giordano , Rampi Andrea , Bussi Mario , Bandello Francesco , Trimarchi Matteo
Published: October 2022

Endoscopic (END-DCR) and external dacryocystorhinostomies (EXT-DCR) are nowadays considered the gold standard techniques for non-oncologic distal acquired lacrimal disorders (DALO). However, no unanimous consensus has been achieved on which of these surgeries is the most suitable to the individual patient. Herein, we review the available literature of the last 30 years with the aim of defining a simple and reproduceable treatment algorithm to treat DALO. A search of PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and Cochrane databases was last performed in December 2021 to examine evidence regarding the role of END-DCR and EXT-DCR in primary and revision surgeries. If considered primary surgeries, END-DCR should be preferred in case of intranasal comorbidities, given the possibility to directly visualize and treat potential intranasal pathologies. Conversely, EXT-DCR should be chosen in case of need/preference for local anesthesia, given the major historical experience and wider surgical field that helps to resolve intra-operatory complications (e.g., bleeding) in an uncollaborative patient. In the absence of the abovementioned conditions, the decision of one or other approach should be discussed with the patient. In recurrent cases, END-DCR should be considered the treatment of choice given the major likelihood to visualize the causes of primary failure and directly resolve it. In conclusion, END-DCR should be considered the treatment of choice in revision cases or in primary ones associated with intranasal pathologies, whereas EXT-DCR should be chosen if local anesthesia is needed. In the absence of these scenarios, it is still open to debate which of these two approaches should be used.
TEleRehabilitation Nepal (TERN) for People With Spinal Cord Injury and Acquired Brain Injury: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Dhakal Raju , Baniya Mandira , Solomon Rosie M , Rana Chanda , Ghimire Prajwal , Hariharan Ram , Makower Sophie G , Meng Wei , Halpin Stephen , Xie Sheng Quan , O’Connor Rory J , Allsop Matthew J , Sivan Manoj
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND:

Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) or Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) leads to disability, unemployment, loss of income, decreased quality of life and increased mortality. The impact is worse in Low-and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) due to a lack of efficient long-term rehabilitative care. This study aims to explore the feasibility and acceptability of a telerehabilitation programme in Nepal.

METHODS:

Prospective cohort feasibility study in a community setting following discharge from a specialist rehabilitation centre in Nepal. Patients with SCI or ABI who had previously accessed specialist rehabilitation were connected to a specialist Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) in the centre through a video conference system for comprehensive remote assessments and virtual individualised interventions. Data were captured on recruitment, non-participation rates, retention, acceptability (via end-of-study in-depth interviews with a subset of participants) and outcome measures including the Modified Barthel Index (MBI), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) and EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D), completed pre- and post-programme.

RESULTS:

97 participants with SCI (n = 82) or ABI (n = 15) discharged from the centre during an 18-month period were approached and enrolled on the study. The telerehabilitation programme facilitated the delivery of support around multiple aspects of rehabilitation care, such as spasticity treatments and pain management. Outcome measures indicated a significant improvement in functional independence ( P < .001), depression, anxiety and stress ( P < .001) and quality of life ( P < .001). Qualitative interviews (n = 18) revealed participants found the programme acceptable, valuing regular contact and input from MDT professionals and avoiding expensive and lengthy travel.

CONCLUSION:

This is the first study in Nepal to identify telerehabilitation as a feasible and acceptable approach to augment the provision of specialist rehabilitation. Future research is needed to assess the suitability of the programme for other conditions requiring specialist rehabilitation and determine the mechanisms underpinning improved outcomes for people with SCI or ABI.

TRIAL REGISTRATION:

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04914650
Verification of the Integrative Model of Adjustment to Chronic Conditions by Mapping it Onto the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Function, Disability and Health
Authors: Hammond Lis Dreijer , Farrington Alexander Paul , Sivan Manoj
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

Literature regarding the WHO’s International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF) has called for research into psychosocial adjustment processes. This project aims to establish the relevance of the Integrative Model of Adjustment to Chronic Conditions (IMACC) as a framework for research and a clinical tool in rehabilitation by linking it with the ICF.

Methods:

The study employed secondary analysis of data from the original IMACC grounded theory study, where 8 women and 2 men with type 2 diabetes mellitus participated. IMACC consists of 3 interconnected parts comprising a total of 13 components. Datasets used for the study consisted of the qualitative data underpinning each IMACC component. Meaningful concepts from each dataset were linked to ICF categories using the updated ICF linking rules.

Results:

Results showed that all 13 IMACC components accommodate ICF category codes from all health and health related ICF components in patterns consistent with the theoretical conceptualisation of each separate IMACC component.

Conclusion:

IMACC maps comprehensively to the ICF framework and provides a framework that may be useful for future ICF related research into biopsychosocial processes in psychosocial adjustment. IMACC provides a clinically applicable intervention for people with psychosocial adjustment difficulties consistent with the ICF framework.
Techniques of commensuration in the videogame industry
Authors: Egliston Ben , Padua Dan
Published: October 2022

This article considers the role of techniques of measurement and quantification, or ‘commensuration’, within the videogame industry. We argue that commensuration is performed as a discursive technique by institutional actors in the videogame industry to shape the form of, and ultimately derive value from, videogame markets – doing so by influencing collectively held perceptions concerning public policy and financial investment. This article draws on two case studies. First, the use of commensuration techniques by the Entertainment Software Association in lobbying the US government on behalf of large publishers, hardware manufacturers and videogame holding companies within the videogame industry. Second, the use of metrics and enumeration by videogame software companies in their financial reporting to craft narratives of user scale, engagement and ultimately value, particularly as it relates to articulating the value of their data-driven advertising services.
Trauma remains: The material afterlives of the 1989 Alton school bus crash
Authors: Bednar Robert Matej
Published: October 2022

This is an essay about how the material remains of automobile crashes remain in place to give road trauma a performative dimension through material objects. The paper draws on two decades of fieldwork on multiple roadside shrines throughout the American Southwest, but focuses on the site of the 1989 Alton school bus crash, which claimed the lives of 21 junior high and high school students in Alton, Texas, a small town on the border between Texas and Mexico. My analysis focuses on the way the trauma of the crash lives on in the materiality of the site—how it is structured visually, materially, and spatially at the shrine, but also how it is situated in relation to the adjacent intersection, guardrails, and fence, as well as the quarry and city park below. I argue that the shrine ensures not only that lost bodies receive a material afterlife in the form of a commemorative memorial, but also that the trauma of losing those lost bodies takes on a material afterlife in the structure of the site as well. By integrating both of these sets of material afterlives, the shrine becomes capable of translating Alton's collective trauma to a much broader collective made up not only of subsequent generations of Alton residents, but also of anonymous non-residents, forming a vast trauma collective that is stretched across time but always anchored to the materiality of the site.
Young onset dementia: implications for employment and finances
Authors: Kilty Caroline , Cahill Suzanne , Foley Tony , Fox Siobhán
Published: October 2022

Background

People with young onset dementia face unique challenges. Notably, at time of symptom presentation, many people affected by young onset dementia are still employed with significant financial obligations. The aim of this study was to explore the specific impact that young onset dementia has on continued employment and finances and to identify ways to optimise post-diagnostic approaches in this regard.

Methods

Purposive sampling, with a maximum variation technique, was used to recruit a small but diverse range of people with young onset dementia in Ireland. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted, and data were analysed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis. In total, 22 interviews were conducted with 10 people with young onset dementia and 12 spouses and children. Two themes were constructed: impact of young onset dementia on (I) employment and (II) finances.

Findings

Participants’ lived accounts showed the devastating effect of a diagnosis of young onset dementia on working life, and the resultant financial, social, and psychological consequences. Participants reported having to leave paid employment early, reported losing contracts and retiring on medical grounds. There were financial implications caused by loss of income, and many additional expenses owing to dementia were incurred. In some families, spouses had to take up employment at the same time as a caring role to mitigate the loss of income, and young children were anxious at the resultant occupational and financial tensions.

Conclusion

People diagnosed with young onset dementia encounter significant challenges associated with employment, and individual and family finances. There is a need for more specific information and guidance from healthcare professionals around employment rights, income support and welfare benefits and the pension status for this group of people. Additionally, healthcare professionals should be cognisant of the additional financial burden people face in young onset dementia when advising on services which incur out-of-pocket costs.
“Are You …”: An Examination of Incomplete Question Stems in Self-administered Surveys
Authors: Hernandez Nestor , Olson Kristen , Smyth Jolene D.
Published: October 2022

Questionnaire designers are encouraged to write questions as complete sentences. In self-administered surveys, incomplete question stems may reduce visual clutter but may also increase burden when respondents need to scan the response options to fully complete the question. We experimentally examine the effects of three categories of incomplete question stems (incomplete conversational, incomplete ordinal, and incomplete nominal questions) versus complete question stems on 53 items in a probability web-mail survey. We examine item nonresponse, response time, selection of the first and last response options, and response distributions. We find that incomplete question stems take slightly longer to answer and slightly reduce the selection of the last response option but have no effect on item nonresponse rates or selection of the first response option. We conclude that questionnaire designers should follow current best practices to write complete questions, but deviations from complete questions will likely have limited effects.