bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foot Notes: The Social Implications of Polydactyly and Foot-Related Imagery at Pueblo Bonito, Chaco Canyon
Authors: Crown Patricia L. , Marden Kerriann , Mattson Hannah V.
Published: July 2016

Discussions of polydactyly in the U.S. Southwest describe rock art and skeletal material confirming the presence of six-toed individuals at a variety of sites and in a variety of time periods. A review of Pueblo Bonito collections and archives reveals both skeletal and footprint evidence for six-toed individuals and a large and diverse assemblage of cultural material exhibiting foot-related imagery, including ornaments, sandals, ceramic effigies, and sandal-shaped ground stone. The reiterative nature of these foot-related images, reproduced in a wide range of media, and their frequent associations with highly structured and ritualized contexts, indicates that both five- and six-toed feet had symbolic importance. The evidence also suggests six-toed individuals were accorded special status within Chacoan society.
Maize, Fish, and Deer: Investigating Dietary Staples among Ancestral Huron-Wendat Villages, as Documented from Tooth Samples
Authors: Pfeiffer Susan , Sealy Judith C. , Williamson Ronald F. , Needs-Howarth Suzanne , Lesage Louis
Published: July 2016

Following the entry of Zea mays to northeast North America, Northern Iroquoian populations expanded their numbers and range. Isotopic values from bone collagen have shown fluctuations in reliance on this dietary staple. With permission of the Huron-Wendat Nation of Wendake, Quebec, we measured δ13Cenamel, δ13Cdentine and δ15Ndentine from 167 permanent teeth, retained before reburial of their ancestral skeletons, and δ13Ccollagene and δ15Ncollagene from adhering bone (n = 53). Enamel values encapsulate diet from ca. 1.5 to 4 years of age; dentine values reflect later childhood. Teeth are from 16 ancestral Huron-Wendat sites in southern Ontario. Isotopic values show consistent reliance on maize from early fourteenth to sixteenth centuries, with higher reliance in the seventeenth century—the time of contact with Europeans and disruptive changes. We show a difference between the diets of children and adults; children consumed more maize and less animal protein. Whitetailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) did not exploit maize fields, reflecting hunters’ exploitation of distant regions. New values from fish species (n = 21) are pooled with prior data, demonstrating diverse C and N stable isotope patterns. American eel (Anguilla rostrata) is particularly variable. Dietary protein sources were variable compared to the stability of maize: a reliable source of carbohydrate food energy across four centuries.
Fidelity and the Speed of the Treadmill: The Combined Impact of Population Size, Transmission Fidelity, and Selection on the Accumulation of Cultural Complexity
Authors: Andersson Claes , Törnberg Petter
Published: July 2016

Human culture signifies the emergence of an entirely new domain of existence: an event in natural history that is paralleled only by the Cambrian Explosion in terms of creativity and scope. The question of how human culture—as opposed to its animal counterparts—came to become open-endedly creative and cumulative is therefore one of wide and general scientific importance. Several causal factors have been proposed to date to explain this unique quality, including population size, transmission fidelity, pedagogy, and creativity. Inquiries, however, tend to focus exclusively on one factor at a time, leaving us blind to important issues regarding their relative roles and combined action. We here combine two models, one focusing on population size and the other on imitation fidelity, as constraints and enablers of evolutionary cumulativity. We explore how these factors interact to promote and inhibit evolutionary cumulativity and how the synthetic model compares to the original models individually and to empirical and experimental data. We report several findings that do not emerge in the models that we combine individually. For example, group size is found to be important for small but not for larger groups, an observation that moreover substantially improves agreement with data.
Validade das medidas referidas da massa corporal e estatura em universitários
Authors: Sousa Thiago Ferreira de , Barbosa Aline Rodrigues
Published: July 2016

Introdução: A análise da validade de medidas referidas da massa corporal e estatura são fundamentais para aplicação em inquéritos epidemiológicos. Objetivo: Os objetivos deste estudo foram: i) estimar a validade das medidas referidas da massa corporal e estatura, e do índice de massa corporal (IMC) calculado com base nessas medidas; ii) analisar a associação entre as variáveis exploratórias de vínculo com a universidade e sociodemográficas com o erro entre as medidas referidas e aferidas da massa corporal e estatura, e do IMC calculado com base nessas medidas. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal, realizado com estudantes (amostra estimada: 100) de uma universidade pública. As informações referidas da massa corporal e estatura foram obtidas via questionário e a aferição das medidas realizadas em seguida. Foi calculado o excesso de peso corporal (IMC≥25,0 kg/m2) e os erros entre as medidas referidas e aferidas. As análises incluíram testes para as variáveis em escala quantitativa e qualitativa. Resultados: Participaram deste estudo 146 estudantes e a concordância entre as medidas referidas e aferidas, em escala quantitativa foram satisfatórias. O nível de concordância para o excesso de peso corporal foi forte em homens (kappa=0,76) e mulheres (kappa=0,74). O IMC foi superestimado por homens e mulheres do quartil superior de idade e subestimado pelas estudantes com maior tempo de exposição à universidade. Conclusão: As medidas referidas apresentaram nível satisfatório de validade, e os fatores associados aos erros das medidas referidas foram a maior faixa etária e as mulheres com maior tempo de exposição à universidade.
A influência do conhecimento na atitude frente à vacina contra o Papilomavírus Humano: ensaio clínico randomizado
Authors: Pereira Rodrigo Guilherme Varotti , Machado José Lúcio Martins , Machado Valéria Menezes , Mutran Tangará Jorge , Santos Luiz Silva dos , Oliveira Emerson , Fernandes César Eduardo
Published: July 2016

Introdução: O Papilomavírus humano (HPV) está associado às doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DSTs) e à carcinogênese do trato genital inferior. Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento prévio e o papel da ação educativa sobre a atitude em relação à vacinação para Papilomavírus Humano (HPV). Métodos: Estudo de intervenção, tipo ensaio-clínico randomizado com 200 mulheres de 18 a 30 anos, divididas em dois grupos submetidos a um questionário para avaliar o conhecimento prévio sobre o HPV e sua vacina, e a atitude para a vacinação, tendo um dos grupos recebido intervenção por meio de ação educativa. Resultados: A atitude frente à vacina contra o HPV foi diferente no grupo que recebeu a ação educativa, com 37% de atitudes pessoais adequadas (p=0,044) e 49% na atitude de transferência adequada para uma futura filha (p=0,021). Conclusão: O conhecimento prévio sobre o HPV e sua vacina é escasso, insuficiente e por vezes equivocado. Por meio da comparação da atitude dos diferentes grupos verificou-se que a ação educativa exerce papel determinante na atitude correta das mulheres para a vacina contra o HPV e modifica os condicionantes à sua adesão.
A Retrospective Case Series of a Dehydrated Amniotic Membrane Allograft for Treatment of Unresolved Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Rosenblum Barry I.
Published: July 2016

Background:

Foot ulcers are among the most serious complications of diabetes and can lead to amputation. Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) often fail to heal with standard wound care, thereby making new treatments necessary. This case series describes the addition of a dehydrated amniotic membrane allograft (DAMA) to standard care in unresolved DFUs.

Methods:

This is a single-center retrospective chart review of eight patients who had one to three applications of DAMA to nine DFUs that had failed to resolve despite offloading, other standard care, and adjuvant therapies. Following initial DAMA placement, wound size (length, width, depth) was measured every 1 to 2 weeks until closure. The principal outcome assessed was mean time to wound closure; other outcomes included mean percent reduction from baseline in wound area and volume at weeks 2 to 8.

Results:

All wounds were closed a mean of 9.2 weeks after the first DAMA application (range, 3.0–13.5 weeks). Compared with baseline, wound area and volume, respectively, were reduced by a mean of 48% and 60% at week 2 and by 89% and 91% at week 8. Time to closure was shorter among four patients who had three DAMA applications (mean, 8.3 weeks; range, 4.0–11.0 weeks) than among three patients who had only one application (mean, 12.1 weeks; range, 9.5–13.5 weeks).

Conclusions:

Chronic, unresolved DFUs treated with DAMA rapidly improved and reached closure in an average of 9.2 weeks. These cases suggest that DAMA can facilitate closure of DFUs that have failed to respond to standard treatments.
Cooperative unfolding of distinctive mechanoreceptor domains transduces force into signals
Authors: Ju Lining , Chen Yunfeng , Xue Lingzhou , Du Xiaoping , Zhu Cheng
Published: July 2016

How cells sense their mechanical environment and transduce forces into biochemical signals is a crucial yet unresolved question in mechanobiology. Platelets use receptor glycoprotein Ib (GPIb), specifically its α subunit (GPIbα), to signal as they tether and translocate on von Willebrand factor (VWF) of injured arterial surfaces against blood flow. Force elicits catch bonds to slow VWF–GPIbα dissociation and unfolds the GPIbα leucine-rich repeat domain (LRRD) and juxtamembrane mechanosensitive domain (MSD). How these mechanical processes trigger biochemical signals remains unknown. Here we analyze these extracellular events and the resulting intracellular Ca2+ on a single platelet in real time, revealing that LRRD unfolding intensifies Ca2+ signal whereas MSD unfolding affects the type of Ca2+ signal. Therefore, LRRD and MSD are analog and digital force transducers, respectively. The >30 nm macroglycopeptide separating the two domains transmits force on the VWF–GPIbα bond (whose lifetime is prolonged by LRRD unfolding) to the MSD to enhance its unfolding, resulting in unfolding cooperativity at an optimal force. These elements may provide design principles for a generic mechanosensory protein machine.
NaLi-H1: A universal synthetic library of humanized nanobodies providing highly functional antibodies and intrabodies
Authors: Moutel Sandrine , Bery Nicolas , Bernard Virginie , Keller Laura , Lemesre Emilie , de Marco Ario , Ligat Laetitia , Rain Jean-Christophe , Favre Gilles , Olichon Aurélien , Perez Franck
Published: July 2016

In vitro selection of antibodies allows to obtain highly functional binders, rapidly and at lower cost. Here, we describe the first fully synthetic phage display library of humanized llama single domain antibody (NaLi-H1: Nanobody Library Humanized 1). Based on a humanized synthetic single domain antibody (hs2dAb) scaffold optimized for intracellular stability, the highly diverse library provides high affinity binders without animal immunization. NaLi-H1 was screened following several selection schemes against various targets (Fluorescent proteins, actin, tubulin, p53, HP1). Conformation antibodies against active RHO GTPase were also obtained. Selected hs2dAb were used in various immunoassays and were often found to be functional intrabodies, enabling tracking or inhibition of endogenous targets. Functionalization of intrabodies allowed specific protein knockdown in living cells. Finally, direct selection against the surface of tumor cells produced hs2dAb directed against tumor-specific antigens further highlighting the potential use of this library for therapeutic applications.
Ancient origin of lubricated joints in bony vertebrates
Authors: Askary Amjad , Smeeton Joanna , Paul Sandeep , Schindler Simone , Braasch Ingo , Ellis Nicholas A , Postlethwait John , Miller Craig T , Crump J Gage
Published: July 2016

Synovial joints are the lubricated connections between the bones of our body that are commonly affected in arthritis. It is assumed that synovial joints first evolved as vertebrates came to land, with ray-finned fishes lacking lubricated joints. Here, we examine the expression and function of a critical lubricating protein of mammalian synovial joints, Prg4/Lubricin, in diverse ray-finned fishes. We find that Prg4 homologs are specifically enriched at the jaw and pectoral fin joints of zebrafish, stickleback, and gar, with genetic deletion of the zebrafish prg4b gene resulting in the same age-related degeneration of joints as seen in lubricin-deficient mice and humans. Our data support lubricated synovial joints evolving much earlier than currently accepted, at least in the common ancestor of all bony vertebrates. Establishment of the first arthritis model in the highly regenerative zebrafish will offer unique opportunities to understand the aetiology and possible treatment of synovial joint disease.
Proneurotrophin-3 promotes cell cycle withdrawal of developing cerebellar granule cell progenitors via the p75 neurotrophin receptor
Authors: Zanin Juan Pablo , Abercrombie Elizabeth , Friedman Wilma J
Published: July 2016

Cerebellar granule cell progenitors (GCP) proliferate extensively in the external granule layer (EGL) of the developing cerebellum prior to differentiating and migrating. Mechanisms that regulate the appropriate timing of cell cycle withdrawal of these neuronal progenitors during brain development are not well defined. The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) is highly expressed in the proliferating GCPs, but is downregulated once the cells leave the cell cycle. This receptor has primarily been characterized as a death receptor for its ability to induce neuronal apoptosis following injury. Here we demonstrate a novel function for p75NTR in regulating proper cell cycle exit of neuronal progenitors in the developing rat and mouse EGL, which is stimulated by proNT3. In the absence of p75NTR, GCPs continue to proliferate beyond their normal period, resulting in a larger cerebellum that persists into adulthood, with consequent motor deficits.
Ribosome•RelA structures reveal the mechanism of stringent response activation
Authors: Loveland Anna B , Bah Eugene , Madireddy Rohini , Zhang Ying , Brilot Axel F , Grigorieff Nikolaus , Korostelev Andrei A
Published: July 2016

Stringent response is a conserved bacterial stress response underlying virulence and antibiotic resistance. RelA/SpoT-homolog proteins synthesize transcriptional modulators (p)ppGpp, allowing bacteria to adapt to stress. RelA is activated during amino-acid starvation, when cognate deacyl-tRNA binds to the ribosomal A (aminoacyl-tRNA) site. We report four cryo-EM structures of E. coli RelA bound to the 70S ribosome, in the absence and presence of deacyl-tRNA accommodating in the 30S A site. The boomerang-shaped RelA with a wingspan of more than 100 Å wraps around the A/R (30S A-site/RelA-bound) tRNA. The CCA end of the A/R tRNA pins the central TGS domain against the 30S subunit, presenting the (p)ppGpp-synthetase domain near the 30S spur. The ribosome and A/R tRNA are captured in three conformations, revealing hitherto elusive states of tRNA engagement with the ribosomal decoding center. Decoding-center rearrangements are coupled with the step-wise 30S-subunit 'closure', providing insights into the dynamics of high-fidelity tRNA decoding.
Controlling laser beam irradiation area using an optical duplicate system to improve satellite–ground laser communications
Authors: Nakayama Tomoko , Takayama Yoshihisa , Fujikawa Chiemi , Kodate Kashiko
Published: July 2016

To improve the quality of ground to satellite laser communications, we propose an optical duplicate system of the optical ground station. Our proposed approach can be used to control the beam irradiation area for a satellite position without changing the total power of the output beam and the mechanical drive unit; this is performed by controlling the input pattern of a liquid crystal filter inserted in the input plane of the optical duplicate system. Most of the power of the diffracted laser beam emitted from the ground is focused on the optical axis. By distributing the power to side lobes, it is possible to extend the coverage area for a satellite position. This system allows the laser beam irradiation area to be controlled by a sufficient degree by adjusting the threshold of the satellite reception level. We verify the efficacy of the system using wave optics numerical calculations.
Effect of metal side claddings on emission decay rates of single quantum dots embedded in a sub-wavelength semiconductor waveguide
Authors: Yamamoto Takumi , Ota Yasutomo , Ishida Satomi , Kumagai Naoto , Iwamoto Satoshi , Arakawa Yasuhiko
Published: July 2016

We experimentally investigate the emission decay rates of self-assembled single InAs quantum dots (QDs) embedded in sub-wavelength semiconductor waveguides with and without metal side claddings. Compared with as-grown single QDs, we observe a clear suppression (enhancement) in the radiative decay rates of single InAs QDs embedded in the sub-wavelength semiconductor waveguides without (with) metal cladding, respectively. The decay rate for QDs in metal-clad waveguides is ∼2 times faster than that in waveguides without metal. Numerical calculations using models that include the effects of structural imperfections show good agreement with the experimental results, and reveal that the most important structural imperfection is the gap between the metal and the semiconductor.
Optical efficiency enhancement in white organic light-emitting diode display with high color gamut using patterned quantum dot film and long pass filter
Authors: Kim Hyo-Jun , Shin Min-Ho , Kim Young-Joo
Published: July 2016

A new structure for white organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays with a patterned quantum dot (QD) film and a long pass filter (LPF) was proposed and evaluated to realize both a high color gamut and high optical efficiency. Since optical efficiency is a critical parameter in white OLED displays with a high color gamut, a red or green QD film as a color-converting component and an LPF as a light-recycling component are introduced to be adjusted via the characteristics of a color filter (CF). Compared with a conventional white OLED without both a QD film and the LPF, it was confirmed experimentally that the optical powers of red and green light in a new white OLED display were increased by 54.1 and 24.7% using a 30 wt % red QD film and a 20 wt % green QD film with the LPF, respectively. In addition, the white OLED with both a QD film and the LPF resulted in an increase in the color gamut from 98 to 107% (NTSC

ratio) due to the narrow emission linewidth of the QDs.
Write up! A Study of Copyright Information on Library-Published Journals
Authors: Schlosser Melanie
Published: July 2016

INTRODUCTION Libraries have a mission to educate users about copyright, and library publishing staff are often involved in that work. This article investigates a concrete point of intersection between the two areas - copyright statements on library-published journals. METHODS Journals published by members of the Library Publishing Coalition were examined for open access status, type and placement of copyright information, copyright ownership, and open licensing. RESULTS Journals in the sample were overwhelmingly (93%) open access. 80% presented copyright information of some kind, but only 30% of those included it at both the journal and the article level. Open licensing was present in 38% of the journals, and the most common ownership scenario was the author retaining copyright while granting a nonexclusive license to the journal or publisher. 9% of the sample journals included two or more conflicting rights statements. DISCUSSION 76% of the journals did not consistently provide accurate, easily-accessible rights information, and numerous problems were found with the use of open licensing, including conflicting licenses, incomplete licenses, and licenses not appearing at the article level. CONCLUSION Recommendations include presenting full copyright and licensing information at both the journal and the article level, careful use of open licenses, and publicly-available author agreements.External Data or Supplements:Schlosser, Melanie, 2016, "Data from: Write Up! A Study of Copyright Information on Library-Published Journals", http://dx.doi.org/10.7910/DVN/R36SVZ, Harvard Dataverse.
The Journal Article as a Means to Share Data: a Content Analysis of Supplementary Materials from Two Disciplines
Authors: Kenyon Jeremy , Sprague Nancy , Flathers Edward
Published: July 2016

INTRODUCTION The practice of publishing supplementary materials with journal articles is becoming increasingly prevalent across the sciences. We sought to understand better the content of these materials by investigating the differences between the supplementary materials published by authors in the geosciences and plant sciences. METHODS We conducted a random stratified sampling of four articles from each of 30 journals published in 2013. In total, we examined 297 supplementary data files for a range of different factors. RESULTS We identified many similarities between the practices of authors in the two fields, including the formats used (Word documents, Excel spreadsheets, PDFs) and the small size of the files. There were differences identified in the content of the supplementary materials: the geology materials contained more maps and machine-readable data; the plant science materials included much more tabular data and multimedia content. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that the data shared through supplementary files in these fields may not lend itself to reuse. Code and related scripts are not often shared, nor is much ‘raw’ data. Instead, the files often contain summary data, modified for human reading and use. CONCLUSION Given these and other differences, our results suggest implications for publishers, librarians, and authors, and may require shifts in behavior if effective data sharing is to be realized.External Data or Supplements:Kenyon, Jeremy; Sprague, Nancy; Flathers, Edward, 2016, "Data from: The journal article as a means to share data: a content analysis of supplementary materials from two disciplines", http://dx.doi.org/10.7910/DVN/DCSMGP, Harvard Dataverse.
Acceptance of the German e-mental health portal www.psychenet.de: an online survey
Authors: Tlach Lisa , Thiel Juliane , Härter Martin , Liebherz Sarah , Dirmaier Jörg
Published: July 2016

Background. Taking into account the high prevalence of mental disorders and the multiple barriers to the use of mental health services, new forms of fostering patient information, involvement, and self-management are needed to complement existing mental health services. The study aimed at investigating acceptance regarding design and content of the e-mental health portalwww.psychenet.de.

Methods. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted between May 2013 and May 2015 using a self-administered questionnaire including items on perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude towards using, and perceived trust. Effects of different participants’ characteristics on the portals’ acceptance were analyzed.

Results. The majority of theN= 252 respondents suffered from mental disorders (n= 139) or were relatives from persons with mental disorders (n= 65). The portal was assessed as “good” or “very good” by 71% of the respondents. High levels of agreement (89–96%) were shown for statements on the perceived ease of use, the behavioral intention to use the portal, and the trustworthiness of the portal. Lower levels of agreement were shown for some statements on the perceived usefulness of the portals’ content. There were no effects of different participants’ characteristics on the perceived ease of use, the perceived usefulness, the attitude towards using the website and the perceived trust.

Discussion. This survey provides preliminary evidence that the e-mental health portalwww.psychenet.deappears to be a usable, useful and trustworthy information resource for a broad target group. The behavioral usefulness of the portals’ content might be improved by integrating more activating patient decision aids.
Effects of 16S rDNA sampling on estimates of the number of endosymbiont lineages in sucking lice
Authors: Allen Julie M. , Burleigh J. Gordon , Light Jessica E. , Reed David L.
Published: July 2016

Phylogenetic trees can reveal the origins of endosymbiotic lineages of bacteria and detect patterns of co-evolution with their hosts. Although taxon sampling can greatly affect phylogenetic and co-evolutionary inference, most hypotheses of endosymbiont relationships are based on few available bacterial sequences. Here we examined how different sampling strategies ofGammaproteobacteriasequences affect estimates of the number of endosymbiont lineages in parasitic sucking lice (Insecta: Phthirapatera: Anoplura). We estimated the number of louse endosymbiont lineages using both newly obtained and previously sequenced 16S rDNA bacterial sequences and more than 42,000 16S rDNA sequences from otherGammaproteobacteria. We also performed parametric and nonparametric bootstrapping experiments to examine the effects of phylogenetic error and uncertainty on these estimates. Sampling of 16S rDNA sequences affects the estimates of endosymbiont diversity in sucking lice until we reach a threshold of genetic diversity, the size of which depends on the sampling strategy. Sampling by maximizing the diversity of 16S rDNA sequences is more efficient than randomly sampling available 16S rDNA sequences. Although simulation results validate estimates of multiple endosymbiont lineages in sucking lice, the bootstrap results suggest that the precise number of endosymbiont origins is still uncertain.
The final spawning ground ofTachypleus gigas(Müller, 1785) on the east Peninsular Malaysia is at risk: a call for action
Authors: Nelson Bryan Raveen , Satyanarayana Behara , Moh Julia Hwei Zhong , Ikhwanuddin Mhd , Chatterji Anil , Shaharom Faizah
Published: July 2016

Tanjung Selongor and Pantai Balok (State Pahang) are the only two places known for spawning activity of the Malaysian horseshoe crab -Tachypleus gigas(Müller, 1785) on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. While the former beach has been disturbed by several anthropogenic activities that ultimately brought an end to the spawning activity ofT. gigas, the status of the latter remains uncertain. In the present study, the spawning behavior ofT. gigasat Pantai Balok (Sites I-III) was observed over a period of thirty six months, in three phases, between 2009 and 2013. Every year, the crab’s nesting activity was found to be high during Southwest monsoon (May–September) followed by Northeast (November–March) and Inter monsoon (April and October) periods. In the meantime, the number of femaleT. gigasin 2009–2010 (Phase-1) was higher (38 crabs) than in 2010–2011 (Phase-2: 7 crabs) and 2012–2013 (Phase-3: 9 crabs) for which both increased overexploitation (for edible and fishmeal preparations) as well as anthropogenic disturbances in the vicinity (sand mining since 2009, land reclamation for wave breaker/parking lot constructions in 2011 and fishing jetty construction in 2013) are responsible. In this context, the physical infrastructure developments have altered the sediment close to nesting sites to be dominated by fine sand (2.5Xφ) with moderately-well sorted (0.6–0.7σφ), very-coarse skewed (−2.4SKφ), and extremely leptokurtic (12.6Kφ) properties. Also, increased concentrations of Cadmium (from 4.2 to 13.6 mg kg−1) and Selenium (from 11.5 to 23.3 mg kg−1) in the sediment, and Sulphide (from 21 to 28 µg l−1) in the water were observed. In relation to the monsoonal changes affecting sheltered beach topography and sediment flux, the spawning crabs have shown a seasonal nest shifting behaviour in-between Sites I-III during 2009–2011. However, in 2012–2013, the crabs were mostly restricted to the areas (i.e., Sites I and II) with high oxygen (5.5–8.0 mg l−1) and moisture depth (6.2–10.2 cm). In view of the sustained anthropogenic pressure on the coastal habitats on one hand and decreasing horseshoe crabs population on the other, it is crucial to implement both conservation and management measures forT. gigasat Pantai Balok. Failing that may lead to the loss of this final spawning ground on the east coast of P. Malaysia.
IV. Die Erbfolgegesetzgebung der Reichstage – zum Rechtsquellenverständnis in der frühen Neuzeit
Authors: Mertens Bernd
Published: July 2016

The succession legislation of the Holy Roman Empire - On the understanding of the sources of law in early modern times. Though the succession legislation of the Holy Roman Empire 1498−1529 affected only a small part of private law, it is excellently suited to examine the understanding of the sources of law in early modern times, the interaction between the imperial and territorial legislators, imperial and territorial courts as well as the relationship of imperial law and common law to particular law and customary law. A closer look is also given to the context of this succession legislation, the institutions involved and the final consequences.
VI. Enlightened Absolutism and legal culture in Portugal: Rise and decline of legal Pombalism in the 18th century (1769–1789)
Authors: Castro Alexander de
Published: July 2016

In the mid-18th century, in the context of a growing monarchical activism during Pombal’s government, Portugal went through a period of reforms that pushed to deep changes in the national legal culture. The legal reforms encompassed three complementary phases: the reform of the legal sources system, performed by the so-called ‘Law of Good Reason’, the reform of legal education, and the reformulation of the set of fatherland laws. The purpose of these changes was to place the royal fatherland laws at the center of Portuguese legal science by promoting its application and theoretical elaboration, and marginalize Roman law. The reforms did not achieve everything they set out for, but left an indelible mark on Portuguese legal culture.
Zur Problematik der Übersetzung richterlicher Methoden: Frankreich und Japan im 19. Jahrhundert
Authors: Foljanty Lena
Published: July 2016

On the Problems of Translating Judicial Practice - France and Japan in the 19th century: What does it mean to shape judicial practice in a process of massive legal transfer? The translation of the normative framework and the institutional settings into a foreign legal culture might be difficult; even more difficult is translating methods, instruments and tools of decision-making. The article suggests in a first step how legal historians can reconstruct these unwritten methods of judicial practice. In a second step, it discusses the case of France and Japan in late 19th century. It argues that due to the fact that methods of decision-making are highly dependent to socializations, habitus and experiences, they were not translatable when Japan set out for building up a court system shaped according to the French model. This untranslatability created a gap - a gap that had to be filled by creating an own experience based habitus.
De la Francofurtana à la Collection de Gilbert: Une méthode de compilation saisie sur le vif
Authors: Lefebvre-Teillard Anne
Published: July 2016

From the Francofurtana to the Collection of Gilbert: A highlighting method of compilation. The manuscript Paris B.N. 3922A has long been known, in particular after Walther Holtzmann’s works. This manuscript with its several successive supplements to the collection Francofortana presents an interesting example of the working methods of Norman collectors during Walter of Coutances’s archiepiscopacy (1185-1207). This study concerns the copy (f° 211ra-227va) of the Compilatio prima, whose connections with the Francofurtana and its Supplementum were recorded by the compilator himself. He reproduced only those items completely which had not appeared in this manuscript neither in those texts. This peculiarity allows us to see in what manner the Norman compilator proceeded. Another interest is in the additional decretals extracted from the collection compiled by Gilbert. Their number, the following selective copy of this collection (f° 227vb-234vb) and the compilator’s method led us to seek for his connections with the Francofurtana and its Supplementum. The result of the search is presented in detailed analysis of the copy of the Compilatio prima [I Collectio Rotomagensis secunda]. It helps to understand better the tenor of the subsequent Collectio Gilberti [II Collectio Gilberti R].
Richter oder Diplomaten?
Authors: Schuchard Christiane
Published: July 2016

Lawyers or Diplomats? Judges from the German Empire at the Rota Romana in the 14
Bologna, 12. März 1252: Einbruch bei Bernardus Parmensis
Authors: Bertram Martin
Published: July 2016

Bologna, March 12
Über die mittelalterliche Kirchengerichtsbarkeit des Königreichs Ungarn: Das Beispiel der Tätigkeit des Graner Kirchengerichts unter dem Generalvikar Matthäus de Vicedominis (1399–1428)
Authors: Lakatos Bálint , Mikó Gábor
Published: July 2016

On medieval church legislation in the Kingdom of Hungary - the diocesan law tribunal of Esztergom under the vicar Matteo di Vicedomini di Piacenza (1399-1428). In this paper the authors present the organization and work of medieval ecclesiastical courts of the Hungarian Kingdom in the 14
Johannes Mathesius (1504–1565) und die Joachimsthaler Kirchenordnung (1551)
Authors: Schwarz Karl W.
Published: July 2016

Johannes Mathesius (1504-1565) and the church order of Joachimsthal (1551): Legal history notes on the works of a Wittenberg scholar in Bohemia. The contribution deals with the „reformator of the second order/contingent“, Johannes Mathesius, rector and pastor in Joachimsthal in Bohemia. He is famous in reference to the history of Reformation because he kept a record of Luthers private after-dinner speeches in 1540 and he wrote the first biography of Luther. Furthermore he was author of a specific local ecclesiastical order for Joachimsthal, which followed the practice in Wittenberg, Leipzig and Nürnberg and was under specific ecclesiastical premise in the instruction for the visitators.
„Im Namen Gottes des Allmächtigen!“
Authors: Winzeler Christoph
Published: July 2016

„In the Name of God the Almighty!“, Swiss constitutional law on religions - balancing and apeacing in historic tradition. From the 16th century onwards, the Reformation and its consequences have influenced the development of the Swiss Confederation. During the late Middle Ages, the Confederation had been struggling to find its way as a system of treaties within a growing number of Cantons. The Reformation divided the Cantons in two ‚camps‘, both trying to defeat each other on the battlefield, which resulted in four successive Peace Treaties (‚Landfriedensbünde‘). 1847 there was a last civil war between the conservative or catholic ‚camp‘ and the liberal or protestant majority. From 1848 until 1973, the Federal Constitution contained discriminations against catholics, including a probihition of the Jesuits. In 2009, under changed circumstances, a new religious discrimination was introduced into the Constitution: the ban on minarets. Islam is now making a way through Swiss history comparable to that of Catholicism in the 19th century. Yet the law of the Cantons, developed over the centuries, provides for adequate instruments to cope with the challenges of the 21st century.
Römisches Recht in Reims: Ein Exzerpt aus der Epitome Aegidii
Authors: Trump Dominik
Published: July 2016

Roman Law in Reims, An excerpt from the Epitome Aegidii in the ms. Milano, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, A. 46 inf. This Roman law excerpt is transmitted by a manuscript of the late ninth century from Reims. Up to now research has mainly focused on the canonistic parts of the codex. The detailed analysis of the excerpt includes a comprehensive description and examination. Further contemporary sources of legal provenance are consulted for placing the excerpt in its historical context. It becomes apparent that the collection was compiled specifically for the Reims diocese and its needs. At the end of the article an edition of the excerpt is given.
Miszellen. On the Legal Effects of Sponsalia
Authors: Mitchell Paul
Published: July 2016

This article challenges the traditional view that informal sponsalia (as described in D. 23,1) were legally unenforceable in classical Roman law. After a close examination of the contents and structure of D. 23,1 and related Digest texts, it offers a new interpretation of a crucial passage from Aulus Gellius (Noctes Atticae 4.4), which has traditionally been read as showing that Roman sponsalia were unenforceable. The article then concludes with a consideration of the literary evidence offered by Varro, Plautus and Ovid.
Bemerkungen zur falzidischen Rechnung bei der Pupillarsubstitution
Authors: Schanbacher Dietmar
Published: July 2016

Notes on Falcidian calculation in the case of pupillary substitution. The testator usually provides for the case that the instituted heir dies before he attained full age (pupillus) and nominates a substitute heir (substitutus). If both, pupillus and substitutus, have to fulfill different legacies the question arises if the substitute can refer to the lex Falcidia, claiming that the sum of all legacies, those imposed on him and those imposed on the pupillus, exceeds the Falcidian limit. According to strict law this is impossible because the substitutus is heir of the pupillus and the value of the heritage was already impaired by the legacies which the pupillus paid. Only if the substitutus is (by way of fiction) rated as heir of the testator the legacies can be totalized, the sum being the point of reference for the Falcidian calculation.
Les croyances par rapport aux voix, les stratégies d’adaptation et le fonctionnement social de personnes atteintes de schizophrénie
Authors: St-Onge Myreille , Grégoire Sophie , Breault-Ruel Stéphanie
Published: July 2016

Cet article traite des personnes atteintes de schizophrénie qui entendent des voix. Il a pour objectif de décrire les croyances qu’elles entretiennent par rapport à leurs voix, le degré d’anxiété qu’elles ressentent et leur perception relativement à leur fonctionnement social. Les stratégies d’adaptation qu’un sous-groupe de l’échantillon déploie sont exposées. Cette recherche s’appuie sur le modèle cognitif ABC qui stipule que les hallucinations auditives sont des événements déclencheurs (A) auxquels les individus donnent un sens en construisant un système de croyances (B) pouvant entraîner des réactions émotionnelles et comportementales (C). Les analyses statistiques montrent que les personnes rapportant des voix omnipotentes plus fortes ont tendance à y résister davantage sur le plan émotionnel et à avoir un moins bon fonctionnement social. Les personnes qui résistent à leurs voix ont tendance à démontrer un degré d’anxiété plus élevé. Les analyses qualitatives font ressortir un consensus à l’effet que prendre sa médication et se distraire des voix sont les stratégies jugées les plus faciles à réaliser et les plus efficaces pour composer avec elles.
Alcohol’s harm to others: An international collaborative project
Authors: Callinan Sarah , Laslett Anne-Marie , Rekve Dag , Room Robin , Waleewong Orratai , Benegal Vivek , Casswell Sally , Florenzano Ramon , Hanh Hoang Thi My , Hanh Vu Thi Minh , Hettige Siri , Huckle Taisia , Ibanga Akanidomo , Obot Isidore , Rao Girish , Siengsounthone Latsamy , Rankin Georgia , Thamarangsi Thaksaphon
Published: July 2016

Callinan, S., Laslett, A., Rekve, D., Room, R., Waleewong, O., Benegal, V., Casswell, S., Florenzano, R., Hanh, H., Hanh, V., Hettige, S., Huckle, T., Ibanga, A., Obot, I., Rao, G., Siengsounthone, L., Rankin, G., & Thamarangsi, T. (2016). Alcohol’s harm to others: An international collaborative project. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(2), 25-32. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i2.218Aims: This paper outlines the methods of a collaborative population survey project measuring the range and magnitude of alcohol’s harm to others internationally.Setting: Seven countries participating in the World Health Organization (WHO) and ThaiHealth Promotion Foundation (ThaiHealth) research project titled “The Harm to Others from Drinking,” along with two other countries with similar studies, will form the core of a database which will incorporate data from other countries in the future.Measures: The WHO-ThaiHealth research project developed two comparable versions of a survey instrument, both measuring harm from others’ drinking to the respondent and the respondent’s children.Design: Surveys were administered via face-to-face methods in seven countries, while similar surveys were administered via computer-assisted telephone interviews in two additional countries. Responses from all surveys will be compiled in an international database for the purpose of international comparisons.Discussion: Harms from the alcohol consumption of others are intertwined with the cultural norms where consumption occurs. The development of this database will make it possible to look beyond reports and analyses at national levels, and illuminate the relationships between consumption, harms, and culture.Conclusions: This database will facilitate work describing the prevalence, patterning, and predictors of personal reports of harm from others’ drinking cross-nationally.
Reducing and preventing alcohol misuse and its consequences: A Grand Challenge for social work
Authors: Begun Audrey L. , Clapp John D. , Alcohol Misuse Grand Challenge Collective The
Published: July 2016

Begun, A., Clapp, J., & The Alcohol Misuse Grand Challenge Collective (2016). Reducing and preventing alcohol misuse and its consequences: A Grand Challenge for social work. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(2), 73-83. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i2.223In both the United States and throughout the world, alcohol misuse is associated with high rates of morbidity, mortality, and cooccurring physical and mental health problems. It causes an array of acute and chronic problems and contributes to extensive costs in every sector of society (e.g., health, mental health, education, legal, economic productivity). The scientific discovery, development, and implementation of evidence-informed solutions for alleviating alcohol-related problems are inherently multisectoral, as they affect individuals, families, communities, and larger social systems. The advent of new technologies, research approaches, and intervention strategies has dramatically accelerated positive results in addressing such problems over the past 40 years. Still, alcohol misuse remains a significant global problem, and reducing and preventing its consequences is a Grand Challenge for Social Work. This paper addresses the following points about the challenge: (1) it is large, important, and compelling; (2) it can be analyzed and assessed; (3) demonstrable progress can be made in a decade; (4) multisectoral collaboration is required to meet this challenge; and (5) sustainable solutions to the challenge require significant, transformative, and groundbreaking innovations.
The long noncoding RNA MALAT1 regulates the lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammatory response through its interaction with NF‐κB
Authors: Zhao Gui , Su Zhenyi , Song Dan , Mao Yimin , Mao Xiaohua
Published: July 2016

MALAT1 is a conserved long noncoding RNA whose expression correlates with many human cancers. However, its significance in immunity remains largely unknown. Here, we observe that MALAT1 is upregulated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐activated macrophages. Knockdown of MALAT1 increases LPS‐induced expression of TNFα and IL‐6. Mechanistically, MALAT1 was found to interact with NF‐κB in the nucleus, thus inhibiting its DNA binding activity and consequently decreasing the production of inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, abnormal expression of MALAT1 was found to be NF‐κB‐dependent. These findings suggest that MALAT1 may function as an autonegative feedback regulator of NF‐κB to help fine‐tune innate immune responses.
Crystal structures of Dronpa complexed with quenchable metal ions provide insight into metal biosensor development
Authors: Kim In Jung , Kim Sangsoo , Park Jeahyun , Eom Intae , Kim Sunam , Kim Jin‐Hong , Ha Sung Chul , Kim Yeon Gil , Hwang Kwang Yeon , Nam Ki Hyun
Published: July 2016

Many fluorescent proteins (FPs) show fluorescence quenching by specific metal ions, which can be applied towards metal biosensor development. In this study, we investigated the significant fluorescence quenching of Dronpa by Co2+ and Cu2+ ions. Crystal structures of Co2+‐, Ni2+‐ and Cu2+ ‐bound Dronpa revealed previously unseen, unique, metal‐binding sites for fluorescence quenching. These metal ions commonly interact with surface‐exposed histidine residues (His194‐His210 and His210‐His212), and interact indirectly with chromophores. Structural analysis of the Co2+‐ and Cu2+‐ binding sites of Dronpa provides insight into FP‐based metal biosensor engineering.
Contrasting responses to orbital precession on Titan and Earth
Authors: Liu Junjun , Schneider Tapio
Published: July 2016

Earth and Titan exhibit contrasting atmospheric responses to orbital precession. On Earth, most (water) precipitation falls in low latitudes, and precipitation is enhanced in a hemisphere when perihelion occurs in that hemisphere's summer. On Titan, most (methane) precipitation falls in high latitudes, and precipitation is enhanced in a hemisphere when aphelion occurs in that hemisphere's summer. We use a Titan general circulation model to elucidate the dynamical reasons for these different responses to orbital precession. They arise primarily because of the different diurnal rotation rates of Titan and Earth. The slower rotation rate of Titan leads to wider Hadley cells that transport moisture into polar regions. Changes in the length of summer, rather than in the intensity of summer insolation as in Earth's tropics, then dominate the precession response of the hydrologic cycle.
Direct observational evidence for the merging of equatorial plasma bubbles
Authors: Narayanan V. L. , Gurubaran S. , Shiokawa K.
Published: July 2016

In this work we present direct ground‐based observational evidence for the merging of individual equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) obtained through the imaging of OI 630.0 nm airglow. Three potential mechanisms have been identified: (1) One of the EPBs tilts and reaches location of the adjacent growing EPB finally merging with it. (2) Some of the branches of an EPB arising from secondary instabilities reach out to adjacent EPB and merge with it. (3) The eastward zonal drift of the EPB on the eastern side slows down while the adjacent EPB on the western side drifts relatively faster and catches up. In one of the cases, a branch of an EPB was observed to get interchanged with another EPB as a result of merging and consequent pinching off from the parent EPB.