bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermoelectric Generator: A Source of Renewable Energy
Authors: Fabracuer Nicanor Jr , Cepe Reymart , Ricafort Neil Francis , Rosal Rhoda Jane
Published: March 2020

With the natural sources of energy such as fossil fuels is slowly depleting, it became a trend to find new sources of unlimited energy. Renewable source of energy is the best source of unlimited energy for it will be utilizing the resources around like solar, hydro, wind, and many more. One of those newly developed renewable sources utilizes the waste heat developed by individual machines. Since electrical generating machines that use combustion engines generate a considerable amount of waste heat energy from the exhaust gases. Hence, this study focused on waste heat energy harvester by the use of the thermoelectric generator. Thermoelectric power generation is based on a phenomenon called the Seebeck effect. When a temperature difference is established between the hot and cold junctions of two dissimilar materials, a voltage is generated. The heat flow circulation through the semiconductors causes a displacement of charge carriers. A larger delta temperature creates a larger electrical current, ideally, but it is coupled with the fact that a semiconductor is effective only on a temperature range making the thermoelectric generators operational on a limited delta temperature. Primarily, the device was composed of a thermoelectric module mounted on an aluminum plate and placed in an oven. The main objective of the study is to design a circuitry for the thermoelectric generator that aimed to generate a minimum of 20 watts in order to power an AC load. In order to validate the device fabricated, certain measurements needed to be taken during the operation of the prototype. Thus, this device is now a developing source of alternative energy with further studies and innovations for commercial purposes.Keywords: thermoelectric generator, Seebeck effect, semiconductors*The paper has been selected from a collaboration with IPST and 7th ICFCHT 2019 for a conference entitled "Innovation in Polymer Science and Technology (IPST) 2019 in Conjunction with 7th International Conference on Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technology (ICFCHT 2019) on October 16th - 19th at The Stones Hotel Legian, Bali, Indonesia"
Ekstrak Daun Mengkudu dan Daun Pepaya Sebagai Larvasida Alami terhadap Kematian Larva Nyamuk Aedes Aegypti
Authors: Simbolon Veronika Amelia , Martias Indra
Published: March 2020

Penggunaan larvasida kimiawi yang digunakan untuk mengontrol aedes aegypti telah menimbulkan populasi yang resistensi, sehingga dibutuhkan dosis yang lebih tinggi. Namun hal ini memiliki efek toksik bagi manusia, hewan, serta lingkungan. Larvasida alami merupakan larvasida yang dibuat dari tanaman yang mempunyai kandungan beracun terhadap serangga pada stadium larva dan tidak menimbulkan efek samping terhadap lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan dari ekstrak daun mengkudu, daun papaya dan kombinasi keduanya dalam mengendalikan larva Aedes aegypti. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratorium dengan desain Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). Objek penelitian adalah larva Aedes aegypti sebanyak 400 larva. Uji dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok dengan dua kali pengulangan. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat dan bivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan jumlah kematian larva pada pengulangan I dan II  sedangkan rata-rata PH air, suhu air dan kelembaban udara tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan. Disimpulkan bahwa kombinasi ekstrak daun mengkudu dan daun pepaya lebih efektif sebagai larvasida alami untuk kematian larva Aedes. Disarankan melakukan analisis probit untuk mendapatkan nilai toksisitas (daya racun) terhadap serangga percobaan dan pengujian terhadap insektisida kimiawi sebagai pembanding (kontrol) terhadap insektisida alami.
Efek Kepuasan Pasien terhadap Sisa Makan pada Pasien dengan Diet Lunak
Authors: Indraswari Syabilila , Achadi Endang L. , Mutiara Mutiara
Published: March 2020

Intake makan  dan tingkat kepuasan pasien rawat inap  merupakan isu yang penting di Rumah Sakit. Rendahnya intake makanan berpengaruh pada status gizi pasien rawat inap. Intake makan dan tingkat kepuasan paseien rawat inap dapat dilihat dari sisa makan. Penelitian ini mempelajari tentang efek kepuasan pelanggan terhadap sisa makan. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang dikumpulkan oleh unit humas dan instalasi gizi RSU Adhyaksa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian  dengan desain cross-sectional. Data kepuasan pelanggan dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang diisi oleh pasien, sedangkan data sisa makan makan diperoleh dengan cara observasi menggunakan metode comstock. Pasien yang berpartisipasi dalan penelitian ini sebanyak 486. Rata rata sisa makan responden sebesar 24,64% dan hanya  8,74% pasien yang menghabiskan makanannya. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa kepuasan responden terhadap penampilan makanan (Pv=0,036; OR= 1,570) dan rasa makanan (Pv=0,009; OR=1,686) berhubungan dengan sisa makan. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang paling dominan mempengaruhi sisa makan adalah kepuasan terhadap rasa makanan (p-value=0,003 OR=1,785). Penyelenggaraan makanan rumah sakit  harus diperbaiki untuk memastikan pasien merasa puas dan menghabiskan makanannya.
Pengetahuan Ibu Nifas tentang Perawatan Tali Pusat di Wilayah Puskesmas Ambarawa Kabupaten Semarang
Authors: Erawati Ambar Dwi , Puspitasari Diah , Cahyaningsih Oktaviani
Published: March 2020

Perawatan tali pusat merupakan salah satu perawatan bayi baru lahir yang bertujuan untuk mencegah dan mengidentifikasi perdarahan atau infeksi secara dini. Rendahnya pengetahuan tentang perawatan tali pusat turut diduga menjadi faktor penyebab infeksi tali pusat. Puskesmas Ambarawa memiliki enam kasus kematian bayi pada tahun 2016. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan pengetahuan ibu nifas tentang perawatan tali pusat di Wilayah Puskesmas Ambarawa Kabupaten Semarang tahun 2018. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif, populasinya adalah ibu nifas di Wilayah Puskesmas Ambarawa pada bulan April 2019-11 Mei 2019 yaitu 100 ibu nifas, sampel ditentukan dengan rumus slovin, diperoleh 50 responden. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa gambaran pengetahuan ibu nifas tentang perawatan tali pusat di Wilayah Puskesmas Ambarawa sebanyak 64% dikategorikan baik. Diharapkan bagi tenaga kesehatan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu nifas tentang cara perawatan tali pusat yang benar pada setiap kunjungan nifas sehingga ibu nifas dapat lebih memahami cara perawatan tali pusat yang benar.
Analisis Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Preferensi dalam Memilih Pelayanan Kesehatan pada Mahasiswa Perantau
Authors: Beda Ama Petrus Geroda , Wahyuni Dwi , Kurniawati Yuyun
Published: March 2020

Preferensi dalam memilih layanan kesehatan adalah kecenderungan untuk memilih pelayanan kesehatan atau tindakan pengobatan. Kecenderungan ini terkait dengan respon masyarakat terhadap sakit itu sendiri. Mahasiswa perantau asal Adonara pun pastinya mempunyai pilihan tersendiri dalam menentukan pelayanan kesehatan ketika sakit.  Penelitian terkait preferensi dalam memilih pelayanan kesehatan sudah banyak dilakukan namun terhadap mahasiswa perantau, masih jarang dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor yang berhubungan dengan preferensi dalam memilih pelayanan kesehatan pada mahasiswa perantau. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif analitik observasional dengan design cross sectional. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah semua mahasiswa perantau asal Adonara yang kuliah di wilayah Jabodetabek. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang berhubungan dengan preferensi dalam memilih pelayanan kesehatan  pada mahasiswa perantau adalah jenis kelamin (Pv=0,008; OR=3,636), sikap (Pv=0,019; OR=3,059) dan motivasi (Pv=0,021; OR=3,744). Sementara Variabel yang tidak berhubungan adalah tingkat pengetahuan (Pv=0,207). Hasil Analisis Multivariat, menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan preferensi adalah motivasi (Pv=0,019; OR=3,954). Mahasiswa perantau perlu menumbuhkan sikap dan motivasi untuk segera memanfaatkan pelayanan kesehatan ketika sakit agar tidak mengganggu proses study. Selain dari dalam diri mahasiswa, motivasi dari luar terutama Keluarga, sangat dibutuhkan oleh seorang mahasiswa perantau ketika sakit. Implikasinya adalah kecenderungan untuk segera memanfaatkan pelayanan kesehatan akan semakin tinggi.
Pengaruh Stres Kerja dan Perilaku Kepemimpinan terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Perawat
Authors: Aziz Abdul
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh adanya fenomena yang sering terjadi dalam era globalisasi dan mengakibatkan adanya perubahan dengan tuntutan tertentu pada tenaga kerja. Penelitian ini secara khusus menguji tiga variabel elemen-elemen kepuasan kerja yang terdiri stress kerja, perilaku kepemimpinan dan kepuasan kerja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh stres kerja, dan perilaku kepemimpinan terhadap kepuasan kerja. Data dikumpulkan melalui metode survei terhadap 58 orang perawat yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan teknik proporsional sampling. Hasil penelitian menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan negatif antara stress kerja dengan kepuasan kerja perawat (Pv=0,009; B=-335) dan terdapat hubungan yang positif antara perilaku kepemimpinan dengan kepuasan kerja perawat (Pv=0,024; B=0,381).
Stunting and Household Food Expenditures between Junior High School Students from Smoker And Non-Smoker Families
Authors: Risky Malinda  , Etti Sudaryati  , Evawany Aritonang
Published: March 2020

Stunting is a linear growth failure due to insufficient long-term nutritional intake. The higher the proportion of household expenditure from total income, the lower the economic level of the family so it is at risk of food insecurity. This study aims to determine the differences in the proportion of stunting and household food expenditure between students from smokers and non-smokers families. This study was an observational study with a cross sectional design with a sample of 98 students from smokers 'families and 98 students from nonsmokers' families. Stunting data is obtained by measuring student height. Household food expenditure is obtained by comparing the total household expenditure spent on food with the total income earned during income. This study uses statistical analysis using the chi-square test. There was a difference in the proportion of stunting (p = <0.001) and the proportion of household food expenditure (p = <0.001) between smokers and non-smokers 'families where the proportion of stunting and household improvement was higher among smokers' families. The conclusion is there’re differences in the proportion of stunting and household food expenditure in students from smoker families and non-smoker families. Families should limit cigarette consumption and allocate appropriately in household food expenditures.
Solidarity Across Cultures: Working Together For Democracy
Authors: Anwar Ibrahim
Published: March 2020

At the heart of the matter in diversity, the balancing of minority interests with the majority requires ingenuous commitment from both sides as represented by their respective community leaders. Religious strife of whatever denomination or faith would seriously undermine the very foundation of constitutional democracy. There is therefore much sense in the saying that the empowerment of one cultural group at the expense of another in any society would only lead to a clash of interests. This clash if left unchecked would threaten the essential overlapping consensus, recogni- zed as a central feature of the kind of democracy that we are talking about.
Trans-Substantial Motion (Al-Harakah Al-Jawhariyyah) Toward a Holistic Evolutionary Theory Traditional Contribution to Islamic Philosophy of Science
Authors: Zubaidah Yusuf
Published: March 2020

The modern evolution theory which starts its growth in popu- larity from the phenomenal Darwin’s the Origin of Species published in 1859. Inspired by Malthus’s essay on human populations competing for limited resource, he found a clue for a theory to interpret the voluminous data he had collected on the H.M.S Beagle voyage wherein he served as a naturalist for five years. Darwin had noted the gradual changes in successive generations to the “natural selection” of heritable characteristics that contribute to survival. This paper elaborated the thesis of new species which comes into existence by variation and selection over a long period of time.
A Milestone in Global Recent Push for Environmental Protection and the Japanese Experience of the “Big Four” Pollution Diseases through the Lens of International Aid
Authors: Oscar A. Gómez Salgado
Published: March 2020

This paper explains a brief examination of a milestone in global recent push for environmental protection, the world-renown ‘four’ big pollution diseases of Japan, and their use inside country’s development assistance. This branch of foreign policy was selected because of its exceptional potential to disseminate country’s voice, ideal niche for experience to be heralded, and opportunity to actually prevent similar catastrophes in other countries, thanks to its access to resources and political leverage. Experience is an overtly accepted source of lessons but, as a social phenomenon, it is not static. This essay is an examination of the use of the ‘four’ big pollution diseases experience inside Japanese initiatives on international aid, looking for the changes in understanding such tragic events. Attention is placed on the elements introduced and the nuances of meaning among them. The period reviewed, from the late 80’s to 2005, indicates a positive movement of the official view towards a comprehensive recognition of the history, not without voids and pending challenges.
Collection Development Variables and Utilization of Information Resources in University Libraries, South-South, Nigeria
Authors: Patience Owere EKPANG  , William Ofem. NKANU
Published: March 2020

This study investigated the relationship between collection development variables, and utilization of information resources in university libraries, south-south, Nigeria. To achieve the purpose of this study, two research questions were raised and two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Ex-post facto research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study was 16620 students and a sample of 800 respondents was awareness for the study. The awareness was done through the stratified and purposive random sampling technique. The results of the analyses revealed a significant relationship between awareness, acquisition and utilization of information resources. Based on these findings, it was recommended, among others that: Government should prioritize funding for the acquisition of information resources for university libraries
Stark Absorption Study of Perylene Doped in a Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) Polymer Film at Different Concentrations
Authors: Ara Anjue Mane , Ahmed Mohammad Kawsar
Published: March 2020

In this article, electric field modulated absorption (Stark absorption, SA) study of perylene doped in a poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymer film at the concentrations of 1.0 mol%, 2.0 mol% and 3.0 mol% is presented. The field effects on the absorption spectra were found to originate mostly from the Stark shift induced by a change in molecular polarizability between the ground and excited states. The analyses of SA spectra with the aid of Liptay formalism yielded essentially the same magnitude of the average change in molecular polarizability (Δα), evaluated for the S0 -> S1 transition, for all the concentrations. This finding implies that Δα of perylene molecule doped in a PMMA film does not depend on concentration. Moreover, the yielded positive Δα for both the preparations implies that SA spectroscopy is an essential technique to probe spectroscopically that perylene possesses larger molecular polarizability in the excited states than in the ground state.

Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 43, No. 2, 133-139, 2019
Assessment of Radioactivity and Radiological Hazard of Different Food Items Collected from Local Market in Bangladesh
Authors: Sultana Afrin , Siraz MM Mahfuz , Pervin Shikha , Rahman AFM Mizanur , Das Suranajan Kumar , Yeasmin Selina
Published: March 2020

Sixteen samples in three categories vegetables, cereals (rice, wheat, maize, pulse) and powdered milk were collected from local markets (Dhaka city) in Bangladesh and analyzed by using High Purity Germanium (HPGe) Detector for the assessment of natural and artificial radioactivity. In vegetables (potato, raw banana, giant taro, red amaranth), the average activity concentrations of 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K were found to be 37.82±11.57, 54.93±9.98 and 617.43±65.69 Bqkg-1 respectively, for cereals (rice, wheat, maize, pulse) 24.01±3.67, 31.46±4.00 and 474.83±27.68 Bqkg-1 respectively and for milk samples 15.01±3.65, 26.73±6.77 and 494.21±38.71 Bqkg-1 respectively. The average values of outdoor annual effective dose were found to be 92.18, 61.19 and 52.37μSvy-1 in vegetables, cereals and milk samples respectively. No artificial radionuclide was found in any of these samples. The average value of radium equivalent activity in all samples was 113.89 Bqkg-1 which was less than maximum permissible value 370 Bqkg-1. The values of external hazard indices for vegetables, cereals and milk samples varied from 0.31 to 0.66, 0.17 to 0.40 and 0.11 to 0.36 respectively which is less than unity in all samples that indicate the non-hazardous nature of the samples. The average values of annual effective ingestion dose rate from foods (for adult) were 274.33 μSvy-1, 533.60μSvy-1, and 132.73μSvy-1for 232Th, 226Ra and 40K respectively. These data would be useful to establish a baseline for natural radioactivity concentrations in food items consumed in Bangladesh.

Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 43, No. 2, 141-148, 2019
The war of the future as a strategic guideline for the forming the critical technologies list
Authors: Kupchyn Artem , Dykhanovskyi Viktor , Kolotukhin Yevhen
Published: March 2020

Predicting scientific and technological development and, as a result, developing a list of critical technologies in advanced countries is quite common and systematic.

Ukraine, however, forms such a list exclusively for the defense sphere. Highlighting the most promising technological directions that can be implemented in the field of weapons and military equipment requires a clear understanding of the key principles for the operation of new and advanced weapons, as well as the relevance and priority of the development of certain civilian technological areas, which may eventually move into the military.

This paper provides a forecast of the development of the security situation in the world as of 2045. It identifies likely leaders who will spend more than twice as much on their defense, with only two advanced countries that are likely to be at the highest level of military power. It also noted a possible decline in Russiaʼs military capabilities, but an armed threat remains.

The origin of a new sphere of military presence is described – cyberspace, which necessarily entails a change in the forms of future wars. It is also noted that the rapid development of certain technologies, which is currently undergoing scientific and technological development, can lead to catastrophic consequences for all humanity.

Some of the achievements and main principles of the Fifth and Sixth Technological Units, which will inevitably be applied in the development of the latest weapons, are outlined.

Possible directions of modernization of certain available types of weapons are described, as well as key indications of future military conflicts and prospective weapons. In addition, the article provides some data that is drawn from science fiction, but it is quite likely to be used in the creation of promising weapons complexes based on the latest physical principles of action.
Method of determination of survival characteristics of weapons and military equipment
Authors: Dachkovskyi Volodymyr
Published: March 2020

In order to repel armed aggression in the East of Ukraine, the national defense-industrial complex has modernized and developed a significant nomenclature of weapons and military equipment, which correspond to the forms and methods of conducting modern hostilities. Experience of using the samples of weapons and military equipment, which are allowed to exploitation in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, indicates on the necessity of resolving a number of problematic issues related to tecnical maintenance, repair, providing of logistical means etc., for keeping them in working order

Keeping the samples of weapons and military equipment in working order in conditions of fightfare is determined by the number of factors, the one of which is their survivability, namely ability of sample of weapons and military equipment to keep their parameters in given limits,withstand damage of all kinds, and in the event of damage retain the possibility of combat use after repair with minimal cost of time and repair.

The article proposes a technique for determining the survivability characteristics of a sample of weapons and military equipment. This technique makes it possible to determine the durability and reproducibility indices of weapons and military equipment samples thereby determining the survivability of a particular weapons and military equipment sample or group of single-purpose machines.
Applying a matrix of key performance indicators in the evaluation of internal control institutions
Authors: Loishyn Anatolii
Published: March 2020

The conducted research can be of interest to the specialists of internal audit, internal control, and heads of all levels who organize the functioning of internal control in subordinate structural units. The article substantiates the use of the Key Performance Indicators (KPI) matrix in assessing the effectiveness of the internal control system of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine. The research conducted in the article is the result of the practical implementation of the developed complex methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of the internal control system of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine. In order to accomplish this task, the study carried out its decomposition and separately: conducted an assessment of selected indicators of the effectiveness of the internal control system through appropriate testing and analysis of financial (accounting) reporting; the matrix of key performance indicators is formed; a generalized indicator of the efficiency of the functioning of the internal control system is determined; a proper evaluation of the performance of the internal control system was performed according to the selected criterion.
Application of Altman Modified Z-Score to Predict Financial Distress in the Indonesian Telecommunications Industry
Authors: Fifriani Rianti , Wahyu Santosa Perdana
Published: March 2020

Bankruptcy prediction is needed to assess the prospect of going concern and sustainability of the corporations in the future. This study aims to predict the bankruptcy of corporates with the Altman Z-Score Modification model in the telecommunications industry in Indonesia. The data used are the financial statements of the telecommunications industry that listing on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2011-2015. Samples for this study uses purposive sampling according to company criteria. The results of the study using the Altman Z-score modification method found two potentially bankrupt companies, namely Bakrie Telecom, Tbk, and Smartfren, Tbk. While Indosat, Tbk, and XL Axiata, Tbk have high financial distress potential due to liquidity and profitability problems that tend to weaken. Meanwhile, Telkom Indonesia, Tbk, and Infracom Inovisi financial concessions are relatively healthy and have the right business expectations
Environmental learning student’s worksheet of air pollution (eswopol): inovasi lembar kerja siswa berbasis hots-aep
Authors: Ichsan Ilmi Zajuli , Sigit Diana Vivanti , Rahmayanti Henita , Purwanto Agung , Fachrial Nur Fadli Hazhar , Suwandi Tri , Ali Ahmad , Titin Titin , Hermawati Farah Muthi
Published: March 2020

Environmental problems need to be solved by students' HOTS abilities. This research aimed to develop environmental learning student's worksheet of air pollution (eswopol) based on Higher Order Thinking Skills Assessment based on Environmental Problems (HOTS-AEP). The research method used research and development that modified from Borg and Gall model. The study was conducted in December 2019 until January 2020. The research instrument used the interview transcript and validation questionnaire. The research data obtained in the form of an average score of validation results. The data analysis technique used is descriptive. The results showed that the environmental learning student's worksheet of air pollution (eswopol) based on HOTS-AEP was declared valid with an average validation score of 3.55 (very valid category). The conclusion of this research is eswopol based on HOTS-AEP is appropriate for use in a learning environment.
Perbandingan tingkat efikasi siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal genetika ditinjau dari keikutsertaan bimbingan belajar
Authors: Hikmawati Vitta Yaumul , Taufik Leo Muhammad
Published: March 2020

Academic self-efficacy of students makes students confident and confident in their ability to solve genetic problems correctly. The purpose of this study is to compare the level of academic efficacy of students who take tutoring with students who do not take tutoring in solving genetic problems. The research method used, namely quantitative comparative research. The study population was students of class XII in Majalengka Regency. The sample consisted of 240 students who were divided into two groups, namely participant and non-participant tutoring. The research instrument used a questionnaire consisting of 74 items that have been declared valid and reliable statements. Data analysis using two independent sample t-test techniques. The results showed that the comparison of the level of academic efficacy of students in solving genetic problems in terms of participation in tutoring showed a significant difference (p <0.05). Participants tended to have higher levels of academic efficacy on all dimensions of academic efficacy, namely level, strength, and generality compared to non-participants. The conclusion of this study was that there were differences in levels of academic efficacy between students who took tutoring and did not.
Analisis vegetasi tumbuhan angiospermae di desa ranga-ranga kecamatan masama kabupaten banggai
Authors: Nurlia Nurlia , Karim Wahyudin Abd.
Published: March 2020

The structure and composition of vegetation are influenced by different types of plants, so vegetation constituent data is needed to determine the diversity of plant species. The purpose of this study was to determine the structure and composition of Angiosperms plant vegetation constituents in Ranga-ranga Village. The research method used was experimental with a type of exploratory descriptive research using a plot line method of 20 plots. The research instrument was an observation sheet. Research data namely the type and number of plants. Quantitative descriptive data analysis techniques to obtain the value of relative frequency, relative density, relative dominance, and index of important values. The results showed that the highest relative frequency of A. occidentale (FR = 31.03%), the lowest was R. communis, M. sago, A. carambola, T. cacao, M. indica, A. heterophyllus, S. lineatum, C. pulcherrima, and M. calabura (FR = 1.29%). The highest relative density of C. rotundus (KR = 31.39%), the lowest C. pulcherima and C. Arabica (KR = 0.89%). The highest relative dominance of T. grandis (DR = 16.15%), the lowest M. indica (DR = 4.67%). The highest importance index is A. occidentale (INP = 59.85%), the lowest is R. communis, A. carambola, M. indica, A. heterophyllus, C. pulcherrima, and M. calabura (INP = 2.33%). The conclusion of the research is the structure and composition of vegetation of Angiosperms plants in Ranga-ranga Village, varying at the level of trees, poles, saplings, and seedlings.
Drivers of planting area and yield shifts for three staple crops across China, 1950-2013
Authors: Luo Y , Zhang Z , Cao J , Chen Y , Zhang L
Published: March 2020

Although the planting areas and yields of 3 staple crops (rice, maize and wheat) in China have undergone dramatic spatial and temporal changes, their geographical dynamics are still unknown. A centroid method was introduced to quantitatively characterize the geographical dynamics of the crop planting area (CPA) and crop yield (CY) for the 3 staple crops from 1950 to 2013 in China. The results showed that the national centroid for rice CPA moved 389.5 km to the northeast during 1950-2013. It moved 430.0, 292.9, and 363.5 km to the northeast for rice CY, maize CPA and maize CY, respectively. However, the centroid for wheat CPA and CY moved randomly. Further panel analyses showed that increasing temperature played a significant and consistently positive role in the shifts of CPA and CY for rice and maize. Precipitation also played a significant positive role, but had a less spatially consistent impact. However, temperature had a significant negative impact on the shifts of CPA and CY for wheat. Socio-economic factors dominated the shifts of the CPA and CY centroids, including agricultural gross domestic product, the power of agricultural machines, and effective irrigated areas. Our study highlights that the shifts of both CY and CPA should be considered in investigating the impacts of climate change and socio-economic development on crop production and the related adaptation measures.
Proximate Translation: George Buchanan's Baptistes, Sophocles’ Antigone, and Early Modern English Drama
Authors: Jackson Lucy
Published: March 2020

This essay takes up the question of what impact Greek tragedy had on original plays written in Latin in the sixteenth century. In exploring George Buchanan's biblical drama Baptistes sive calumnia (printed 1577) and its reworking of scenes and images from Sophocles' Antigone, we see how neo-Latin drama provided a valuable channel for the sharing and shaping of early modern ideas about Greek tragedy. The impact of the Baptistes on English drama is then examined, with particular reference to Thomas Watson's celebrated Latin translation of Antigone (1581). The strange affinities between Watson's and Buchanan's plays reveal the potential for Greek tragedy to shape early modern drama, but also for early modern drama to shape how Greek tragedy itself was read and received in early modern England.
Nonlinear Behavior of High-Intensity Ultrasound Propagation in an Ideal Fluid
Authors: Kewalramani Jitendra , Zou Zhenting , Marsh Richard , Bukiet Bruce , Meegoda Jay
Published: March 2020

In this paper, nonlinearity associated with intense ultrasound is studied by using the one-dimensional motion of nonlinear shock wave in an ideal fluid. In nonlinear acoustics, the wave speed of different segments of a waveform is different, which causes distortion in the waveform and can result in the formation of a shock (discontinuity). Acoustic pressure of high-intensity waves causes particles in the ideal fluid to vibrate forward and backward, and this disturbance is of relatively large magnitude due to high-intensities, which leads to nonlinearity in the waveform. In this research, this vibration of fluid due to the intense ultrasonic wave is modeled as a fluid pushed by one complete cycle of piston. In a piston cycle, as it moves forward, it causes fluid particles to compress, which may lead to the formation of a shock (discontinuity). Then as the piston retracts, a forward-moving rarefaction, a smooth fan zone of continuously changing pressure, density, and velocity is generated. When the piston stops at the end of the cycle, another shock is sent forward into the medium. The variation in wave speed over the entire waveform is calculated by solving a Riemann problem. This study examined the interaction of shocks with a rarefaction. The flow field resulting from these interactions shows that the shock waves are attenuated to a Mach wave, and the pressure distribution within the flow field shows the initial wave is dissipated. The developed theory is applied to waves generated by 20 KHz, 500 KHz, and 2 MHz transducers with 50, 150, 500, and 1500 W power levels to explore the effect of frequency and power on the generation and decay of shock waves. This work enhances the understanding of the interactions of high-intensity ultrasonic waves with fluids.
EVASOR, an Integrated Model to Manage Complex Irrigation Systems Energized by Photovoltaic Generators
Authors: Cervera-Gascó Jorge , Montero Jesús , del Castillo Amaro , Tarjuelo José M. , Moreno Miguel A.
Published: March 2020

The carbon footprint and energy cost of irrigation are increasing due to the modernization of irrigation systems, which also necessitates highly efficient use of water resources. Alternatives to conventional energy sources to power irrigation systems are renewable sources, primarily photovoltaic energy. Photovoltaic energy has the main disadvantage of producing a highly variable amount of energy, which affects the irrigation uniformity. Modeling irrigation systems in an integrated manner generates useful information about system performance for technicians that helps in the decision-making process. The EVASOR (EVAluation of SOlar iRrigation systems) model integrates different modules to simulate the whole solar irrigation system using a holistic approach: (1) I-Solar, which simulates the instantaneous power generated by the photovoltaic system, (2) AS-Solar, which simulates the variable speed pumping system, (3) Solar-Net, which simulates the hydraulic performance of the water distribution network, and (4) PRESUD-Irregular, which determines the discharge and pressure of all the emitters of the subunits together with irrigation quality parameters (coefficient of uniformity (CU), emission uniformity (EU), and coefficient of variation of the emitter discharge in the subunit (CVq) for any pressure at the subunit inlet. The integrated model EVASOR determines the irrigation quality parameters of complex irrigation systems with information on irradiance, air temperature, wind speed, and water table level for any combination of open subunits. To validate the model, results are presented regarding a case study located in southeast Spain.
Soil Carbon Budget Account for the Sustainability Improvement of a Mediterranean Vineyard Area
Authors: Novara Agata , Favara Valeria , Novara Amelia , Francesca Nicola , Santangelo Tanino , Columba Pietro , Chironi Stefania , Ingrassia Marzia , Gristina Luciano
Published: March 2020

Sustainable viticulture is suggested as an interesting strategy for achieving the objectives of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction in terms of mitigation and adaptation. However, knowledge and quantification of the contribution of sustainable vineyard management on climate change impact are needed. Although it is widely assessed by several authors that the agricultural stage has a great impact in the wine chain, very few studies have evaluated the greenhouse gas emission in this phase including the ability of soil to sequester carbon (C) or the off-farm C loss by erosion. This work aimed to provide a vineyard carbon budget (vCB) tool to quantify the impact of grape production on GHG emission including the effects of environmental characteristics and agricultural practices. The vCB was estimated considering four different soil management scenarios: conventional tillage (CT), temporary cover crop with a leguminous species in alternate inter-rows (ACC), temporary cover crop with a leguminous species (CC), permanent cover crop (PCC). The estimation of vCB was applied at territory level in a viticulture area in Sicily (2468 ha of vineyard) using empirical data. Results of the present study showed that the environmental characteristics strongly affect the sustainability of vineyard management; the highest contribution to total CO2 emission is, in fact, given by the C losses by erosion in sloping vineyards. Soils of studied vineyards are a source of CO2 due to the low C inputs and high mineralization rate, except for soil managed by CC which can sequester soil C, contributing positively to vCB. The highest total CO2 emission was estimated in vineyards under CT management (2.31 t ha−1y−1), followed by CC (1.27 t ha−1y−1), ACC (0.69 t ha−1y−1) and PCC (0.64 t ha−1y−1). Findings of vCB applied at territory level highlighted the key role of the evaluation of carbon budget (CB) on a larger scale to identify the CO2 emission in relation to climatic and environmental factors. The present study could contribute to provide suggestions to policymakers and farmers for reducing GHG emissions and promote more sustainable grape production practices.
Comparison of Soil Bacterial Communities from Juvenile Maize Plants of a Long-Term Monoculture and a Natural Grassland
Authors: Ujvári Gergely , Borsodi Andrea K. , Megyes Melinda , Mucsi Márton , Szili-Kovács Tibor , Szabó Attila , Szalai Zoltán , Jakab Gergely , Márialigeti Károly
Published: March 2020

Nowadays, one of the most important challenges is to ensure sustainable agricultural management of crops such as maize (Zea mays L.). Long-term crop production, however, may influence the soil properties, the composition and activity of microbial communities. The aim of this study was to compare the catabolic activity and taxonomic diversity of bacterial communities inhabiting the soil of a non-fertilized maize monoculture and a natural grassland. Samples were taken from the horizons A and C in the first part of the vegetation period. MicroResp™ technique was used to explore the catabolic potential of microbial communities and next generation amplicon sequencing to reveal the bacterial diversity. Based on the catabolic activity results, higher differences were revealed among the soil horizons than the different land uses. The highest degree carbon source utilization was detected in the soil horizon A of the natural grassland. The taxonomic composition of bacterial communities was dominated by Proteobacteria. The relative abundance of other dominant phyla (Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes, Gemmatimonadetes, Chloroflexi and Patescibacteria) varied according to both the land use and soil depth. Amplicon sequences belonging to genera of r-strategist “copiotrophic” and K-strategist “oligotrophic” bacteria were identified from the soils of both maize monoculture and grassland.
Rootstock x Environment Interactions on Nitrogen-Use Efficiency in Grafted Tomato Plants at Different Phenological Stages
Authors: Albornoz Francisco , Nario Adriana , Saavedra Macarena , Videla Ximena
Published: March 2020

The use of grafting techniques for horticultural crops increases plant tolerance to various abiotic and biotic stresses. Tomato production under greenhouse conditions relies on plants grafted onto vigorous rootstocks because they sustain crops for longer periods. Growers under Mediterranean conditions usually grow crops in passive greenhouses during the summer and winter season, to provide fresh products throughout the year. No information is available with regard to the effect of the environment on nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) in tomato plants grafted onto rootstocks with different vigor. In the present study, NUE, along with its components—uptake (NUpE) and utilization (NUtE) efficiencies—were evaluated in tomato plants grafted onto two interspecific rootstocks, conferring medium (“King Kong”) or high (“Kaiser”) vigor to the plants. The evaluations were carried out during the vegetative and reproductive stage in plants subjected to different environmental conditions resulting in different plant growth rates. The grafting treatments did not affect NUE, NUpE or NUtE in young plants, but at the reproductive stage, differences were found during the summer season (high N demand) where the vigorous rootstock increased NUpE from 55%, in non-grafted plants, to 94%, with the consequent differences in NUE. During the winter crop, no differences in NUE were found between the vigorous rootstock and non-grafted plants, but the less vigorous (cold-tolerant) rootstock enhanced NUpE. Significant positive relationships were found between plant growth rate and both NUE and NUpE, while NUtE decreased with increasing growth rate.
Antimicrobial use on Italian Pig Farms and its Relationship with Husbandry Practices
Authors: Tarakdjian Jacopo , Capello Katia , Pasqualin Dario , Santini Andrea , Cunial Giovanni , Scollo Annalisa , Mannelli Alessandro , Tomao Paola , Vonesch Nicoletta , Di Martino Guido
Published: March 2020

The analysis of antimicrobial use (AMU) data in livestock allows for the identification of risk factors for AMU, thereby favoring the application of responsible AMU policies on-farm. Herewith, AMU in 36 finishing pig farms in northern Italy from 2015–2017 was expressed as defined daily doses for Italian pigs (DDDita) per population correction unit (DDDita/100kg). A retrospective analysis was then conducted to determine the effects of several husbandry practices on AMU. Overall, AMU ranged between 12 DDDita/100kg in 2015 and 8 DDDita/100kg in 2017, showing no significant trends, due to the large variability in AMU between farms. However, a 66% AMU reduction was observed in 19 farms during 2015-2017. Farm size, number of farm workers, air quality, average pig mortality, and presence of undocked pigs on the farm had no significant effects on AMU. Rather, welfare-friendly farms had 38% lower AMU levels (p < 0.05). In conclusion, animal welfare management seems to be relatively more important than farm structure and other managerial characteristics as drivers of AMU in finishing pig farms.
Lipid Deposition and Metabolism in Local and Modern Pig Breeds: A Review
Authors: Poklukar Klavdija , Čandek-Potokar Marjeta , Batorek Lukač Nina , Tomažin Urška , Škrlep Martin
Published: March 2020

Modern pig breeds, which have been genetically improved to achieve fast growth and a lean meat deposition, differ from local pig breeds with respect to fat deposition, fat specific metabolic characteristics and various other properties. The present review aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the differences between fatty local and modern lean pig breeds in adipose tissue deposition and lipid metabolism, taking into consideration morphological, cellular, biochemical, transcriptomic and proteomic perspectives. Compared to modern breeds, local pig breeds accumulate larger amounts of fat, which generally contains more monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids; they exhibit a higher adipocyte size and higher activity of lipogenic enzymes. Studies using transcriptomic and proteomic approaches highlighted several processes like immune response, fatty-acid turn-over, oxidoreductase activity, mitochondrial function, etc. which differ between local and modern pig breeds.
Successful High-Dosage Monotherapy of Tigecycline in a Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Pneumonia–Septicemia Model in Rats
Authors: Van der Weide Hessel , Ten Kate Marian T. , Vermeulen-de Jongh Denise M. C. , Van der Meijden Aart , Wijma Rixt A. , Boers Stefan A. , Van Westreenen Mireille , Hays John P. , Goessens Wil H. F. , Bakker-Woudenberg Irma A. J. M.
Published: March 2020

Background: Recent scientific reports on the use of high dose tigecycline monotherapy as a “drug of last resort” warrant further research into the use of this regimen for the treatment of severe multidrug-resistant, Gram-negative bacterial infections. In the current study, the therapeutic efficacy of tigecycline monotherapy was investigated and compared to meropenem monotherapy in a newly developed rat model of fatal lobar pneumonia–septicemia. Methods: A Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and an isogenic variant producing K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) were used in the study. Both strains were tested for their in vitro antibiotic susceptibility and used to induce pneumonia–septicemia in rats, which was characterized using disease progression parameters. Therapy with tigecycline or meropenem was initiated at the moment that rats suffered from progressive infection and was administered 12-hourly over 10 days. The pharmacokinetics of meropenem were determined in infected rats. Results: In rats with ESBL pneumonia–septicemia, the minimum dosage of meropenem achieving survival of all rats was 25 mg/kg/day. However, in rats with KPC pneumonia–septicemia, this meropenem dosage was unsuccessful. In contrast, all rats with KPC pneumonia–septicemia were successfully cured by administration of high-dose tigecycline monotherapy of 25 mg/kg/day (i.e., the minimum tigecycline dosage achieving 100% survival of rats with ESBL pneumonia–septicemia in a previous study). Conclusions: The current study supports recent literature recommending high-dose tigecycline as a last resort regimen for the treatment of severe multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. The use of ESBL- and KPC-producing K. pneumoniae strains in the current rat model of pneumonia–septicemia enables further investigation, helping provide supporting data for follow-up clinical trials in patients suffering from severe multidrug-resistant bacterial respiratory infections.
Cerium-Oxide-Nanoparticle-Decorated Zinc Oxide with Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange
Authors: Rodwihok Chatchai , Wongratanaphisan Duangmanee , Tam Tran Van , Choi Won Mook , Hur Seung Hyun , Chung Jin Suk
Published: March 2020

Cerium-oxide-nanoparticle-decorated zinc oxide was successfully prepared using a simple one-pot hydrothermal technique with different weight% Ce doping. It was found that an increase in Ce doping has an effect on the optical energy band-gap tunability. Ce dopant provides electron trapping on Ce/ZnO nanocomposites and also acts as a surface defect generator during hydrothermal processing. Additionally, a bi-metal oxide heterojunction forms, which acts as a charge separator to obstruct charge recombination and to increase the photodegradation performance. It was found that the methyl orange (MO) degradation performance improved with an increase in Ce doping. The decomposition of MO went from 69.42% (pristine ZnO) to 94.06% (7% Ce/ZnO) after 60 min under fluorescent lamp illumination.
A Secure Architecture for Modular Division over a Prime Field against Fault Injection Attacks
Authors: Hu Xiaoting , Qin Zhongping
Published: March 2020

Fault injection attacks pose a serious threat to many cryptographic devices. The security of most cryptographic devices hinges on a key block called modular division (MD) over a prime field. Although a lot of research has been done to implement the MD over a prime field in hardware efficiently, studies on secure architecture against fault injection attack are very few. A few of the studies that focused on secure architecture against fault injection attack can only detect faults but not locate faults. In this regard, this paper designs a novel secure architecture for the MD over a prime field, which can not only detect faults, but also can locate the error processing element. In order to seek the best optimal performance, four word-oriented systolic structures of a main function module (MFM) were designed, and three error detection schemes were developed based on different linear arithmetic codes (LACs). The MFM structures were combined flexibly with the error detection schemes. The time and area overheads of our architecture were analyzed through the implementation in an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), while the error detection and location capabilities of our architecture were demonstrated by C++ simulation, in comparison to two existing methods. The results show that our architecture can detect single-bit error (SBE) with 100% accuracy and locate the erroneous processing element (PE), and correctly identify most of the single PE errors and almost all of the multi-PE errors (when there are more than three erroneous PEs). The only weakness of our architecture is the relatively high time and area overhead ratios.