bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the relationship between dyslexia, psychological distress, and academic self-efficacy among Nigerian university undergraduates
Authors: Akpunne Bede C. , Idowu Oladoyin , Kumuyi Daniel O. , Akpunne Elizabeth N.
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

Academic self-efficacy refers to the student’s beliefs and attitudes toward their capabilities to achieve academic success, as well as belief in their ability to fulfil academic tasks and the successful learning of the materials. The influence of dyslexia on academic self-efficacy and psychological distress among Nigerian students is underresearched in this study. This study investigated the relationship between dyslexia, psychological distress, and academic self-efficacy.

MATERIALS AND METHOD:

A total of 460 undergraduates purposively drawn from the University of Lagos, Nigeria, of over 10,000 undergraduate population, with a mean age of 26 ± 5 years, responded to the Academic Self-Efficacy Scale, the dyslexia adult checklist, the 12-item General Health Questionnaire, and Adult Reading History Questionnaire. Data were analyzed descriptively, and the regression analysis and T-tests were used for statistical analysis, with a significance threshold of P < 0.05.

RESULTS:

The results showed that dyslexia is a significant predictor of academic self-efficacy (β = 0.34, t = 7.31, P < 0.01). Dyslexia strongly predicted performance in examination [β = 0.32, F = 48.18, P = 0.00], comprehension [β = 0.32, F = 33.54, P = 0.00], school adjustment [β = 0.32, F = 35.86, P = 0.00], reading skill [β = 0.21, F = 18.65, P = 0.00], working memory [β = 0.26, F = 28.5, P = 0.00], and time management [β = 0.21, F = 19.8, P = 0.00] among the undergraduates. In addition, dyslexia significantly predicted psychological distress [t 41) = 1.40, P = 0.65]. Gender had no significant influence on academic self-efficacy and psychological distress among the participants [t 41) = 1.33, P = 0.19].

CONCLUSION:

Dyslexia is a strong predictor of academic self-efficacy and psychological distress. Male and female Nigerian undergraduates have similar academic self-efficacy and psychological distress.
Effective role of aromatherapy in reducing big little problem—postoperative nausea and vomiting: A systematic review
Authors: Pashaei Sona , Akyüz Nuray
Published: August 2024

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are common and distressing side effects after surgery and anesthesia. Pharmacological treatment is not sufficient to manage these two symptoms. Although the use of certain anesthetic agents is considered the main basis for this phenomenon, the exact factors are unknown. Aromatherapy is effective in reducing PONV in adults. The aim of this review is to scan the studies evaluating the effect of aromatherapy on the management of nausea and vomiting in the postoperative. A literature search was performed by scanning Cochrane Reviews, PubMed, OVID, Sciences Direct, and Google Scholar. Keywords “aromatherapy,” “use of aromatherapy,” “aromatherapy oils,” “nausea,” “vomiting,” “postoperative nausea and vomiting,” and “PONV” combined with Boolean operators, including AND, OR, and NOT. Data gathered from studies published from 2013 to 2023 were reviewed for the effect of aromatherapy on PONV. As a result of the screening, 12 studies out of a total of 706 studies were examined based on the inclusion criteria. In the studies, aromatherapy was used either by inhalation or orally. The plants that were used the most in these studies were ginger and mint. When the literature was reviewed, it was found that aromatherapy reduced the rate of nausea and vomiting and the need for antiemetics, especially in the first minutes after surgery. Using aromatherapy in surgical patients may relieve common postoperative symptoms. The limitations of drug therapy have led to an increase in the use of alternative drugs for the management of nausea and vomiting. Aromatherapy was favored by most patients and is an effective treatment option for PONV.
Impact of cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration on functional outcome, level of independence, and survival among patients with in-hospital cardiac arrests: A pilot study
Authors: Amirtharaj Anandhi D. , Suresh Malarvizhi , Murugesan Navaneetha , Kurien Mony , Karnam Ali H. F.
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of cardiac arrest (CA), which are presented as sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and sudden cardiac death (SCD). To assess the impact of CPR duration on the functional outcome, level of independence, and survival among patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA).

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

This prospective longitudinal pilot study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in South India. Data were collected using consecutive sampling techniques from nine patients with IHCA, and outcomes were measured using the cerebral performance category (CPC) and Katz level of independence (LOI) during the immediate post-CPR, 30th day, and 90th day. Based on the principles of pilot study design, descriptive statistics was used to analyze the results. Inferential statistics analysis was not applicable based on the sample size of the pilot study.

RESULTS:

Nine patients were included in this pilot study. The mean and median age of the patients were 48.11 ± 8.66 (46, IQR, 32-67 years) and 77.8% were male patients. The primary medical diagnosis was cardiology and neurology conditions among 44.4% and 22.2% of patients. The mean and median CPR duration was 12.11 ± 4.59 minutes (IQR, 8-15.50) and 44.4% achieved a return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) with a mean ROSC time of 5.56 ± 7.418. The mean CPC score in the immediate post-CPR period and 30th day was 4 ± 1.732 and 4.56 ± 1.33, with mortality of 66.7% and 33.3% survivors in the immediate post-CPR period. While the mean LOI score among the survivors during the immediate post-CPR and 30th day was zero and four. which highlights the complete dependency of patients during the immediate post-CPR with significant improvement by the 30th day and unchanged until the 90th day.

CONCLUSIONS:

The overall mortality and survival were 88.8% and 11.1%, respectively, by the 90th day. The pilot study is feasible at the end of the study. However, due to the difficulty in obtaining CA, an additional tertiary hospital was included in the larger study.
Community awareness initiative about antimicrobial resistance: An educational intervention by medical undergraduates
Authors: Rajopadhye Bhagyashri D. , Londhe Vasundhara A. , Pingle Nivedita A. , Dhande Priti P.
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem and an important consequence of inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents (AMAs). Studies have observed that a lack of awareness of AMR among healthcare professionals as well as consumers results in the irrational use of AMAs, a significant driver of AMR.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This educational intervention study was undertaken to assess community awareness regarding AMAs and AMR and to educate them. Ten volunteer students from II MBBS were made aware of AMR, its impact and measures to reduce resistance through a lecture by Pharmacology faculty. Students interacted with 220 family representatives in the community to assess their knowledge about AMAs and AMR using a 15-item pre-validated questionnaire. Charts, videos, and role-play were used to impart knowledge about the rational use of AMAs, AMR, and its consequences. Participants’ understanding was ensured with feedback taken on Lickert scale.

RESULTS:

Students interacted with the study participants and found that most were aware of the term ‘antibiotic’ (90.8%), but 67% were clueless regarding antibiotic resistance. The purpose of AMA use was not adequately known to 43% as they mentioned using these for diarrhea, viral fever, cough, cold, and sore throat. AMAs were purchased by 40% of participants as OTC medicine, whereas Azithromycin and Amoxicillin were the AMAs they could remember by name. The reasons for buying OTC antibiotics were the inconvenience of doctors’ clinic timings, unaffordable consultation charges, and easy antibiotic availability. Students also learned about communication etiquette during this community interaction. This educational intervention proved helpful as the participants agreed that the unnecessary use of AMAs makes them ineffective and AMR is preventable by simple measures.

CONCLUSION:

A multifactorial approach involving prescribers, regulatory Government authorities and general public is needed to control irrational use of antimicrobials. Timely interventions are necessary to increase the awareness of AMR in the community.
Effect of physical activity breaks during prolonged sitting on vascular outcomes: A scoping review
Authors: Shruthi Poovitha P , Chandrasekaran Baskaran , Vaishali K , Shivashankar K N , Sukumar Suresh , Ravichandran Sneha , Kadavigere Rajagopal
Published: August 2024

Emerging evidence claims the vascular benefits of varied frequency and duration of physical activity (PA) breaks, whereas the efficacy of varied intensity remains unexplored. We aimed to collate and summate the studies investigating the PA breaks at various intensities on vascular protection. Seven electronic databases were searched for potential studies till Jan 31, 2022. The eligible studies should have administered PA breaks of differing intensities in prolonged sitting postures and explored regional vascular changes [flow mediated dilation (FMD), shear stress, diameter, and blood flow] using ultrasound and novel outcome markers. Two independent reviewers assessed the studies for eligibility after abstract and full-text screen, and appropriate data were extracted to summarise vascular protective effects with PA breaks. Our findings reveal adverse regional vascular outcomes with prolonged sitting (FMD ≈ –1.5%, diameter ≈ –0.06 mm), whereas PA breaks of any intensity were found to improve endothelial functions (FMD ≈ +0.5%, diameter ≈ +0.1 mm, shear ≈ +13 s-1) and mitigate the adverse effects associated with prolonged sitting. Compared with high-intensity activity, low-intensity PA breaks alleviate arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction risks.
Does school climate affect student well-being? Anxiety in school situations as a predictor of stress in high-school students
Authors: Fernández-Sogorb Aitana , Jiménez-Ayala Carlos E. , Cargua Nancy I. , Aparicio-Flores María Pilar , Antón Nuria , García-Fernández José Manuel
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

When the school climate is not ideal and coping skills for school situations are not strengthened in adolescents, school anxiety and stress may be manifested, potentially harming development and mental health during adulthood. This study aimed to analyze the predictive ability of school anxiety on elevated levels of stress in high-school students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This cross-sectional predictive study was conducted with 1588 students aged 12–18 (M = 14.82; SD = 1.86) years in 2023. The School Anxiety Inventory (SAI) and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were administered to the participants. An inferential data analysis method was applied. Specifically, binary logistic regression was used for data analysis. The influence of school anxiety on stress was examined using the odds ratio statistic.

RESULTS:

The total score on school anxiety (OR = 1.02), the situational factors: anxiety about aggression (OR = 1.03), anxiety regarding social evaluation (OR = 1.02), anxiety about failure and school punishment (OR = 1.03), and anxiety about school evaluation (OR = 1.04), as well as the response systems: cognitive (OR = 1.04), behavioral (OR = 1.08), and psychophysiological (OR = 1.04), positively and significantly (P= 0.000) influenced the high scores on stress.

CONCLUSION:

The results demonstrate the need to detect school anxiety in adolescents at an early state to intervene in both anxiety-provoking situations and responses and in the resulting high stress. Similarly, schools should promote mental health work and self-regulation to prepare students for adult life.
Psychological distress and attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help among Omani nurses: Strategies for nursing practice
Authors: Qutishat Mohammed Ghalib
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

This study investigated the psychological distress and attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help among Oman’s nurses, highlighting the importance of changing negative attitudes toward mental health among healthcare professionals. Nurses face difficult circumstances and serve as role models. Creating supportive environments can improve treatment quality and public awareness and reduce social stigma, ultimately contributing to better care and quality of life.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This study used a cross-sectional design with a convenience sampling approach. A sample of 205 nurses working in Oman completed the study questionnaires, including a sociodemographic questionnaire, the attitude toward seeking professional psychological distress scale, and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. The survey was distributed between May and June 2023.

RESULT:

The study found that most participants had moderate psychological distress (43.22%, n = 67) and a low attitude toward seeking professional psychological help (66.67%, n = 48). There were significant differences in distress based on gender (P< 0.001), marital status (P< 0.001), and working department (F = 3.140,P= 0.004), while attitude had significant differences based on gender (P< 0.001) and marital status (P< 0.001). The study also found no significant correlation between psychological distress and attitudes toward seeking help among Oman’s nurses (T (1, 204) = 0.019,P= 0.985), with a r2of 0.005.

CONCLUSION:

Nurses must be trained to handle stress and job strain from terminally ill patients, complex cases, and difficult situations. They should prioritize psychological assistance as a sign of strength and self-awareness as it demonstrates stability and self-awareness in nursing. This can be promoted by obtaining education, enhancing healthcare accessibility, and providing a support system.
Effect of early ambulation on comfort and vascular complications following electrophysiological studies: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Puliyakkuth Unnikrishnan , Ramamoorthy Lakshmi , Selvaraj Raja J , Lalthanthuami Hmar Thiak , Subramaniyan Rani
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

Imposed immobilization after electrophysiological studies (EPS) is known to cause different complications. The current study aims to assess the effect of early ambulation on comfort and vascular complications among patients undergoing transfemoral catheterization for EPS.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Hundred participants were assigned to control and intervention groups (50 each) using block randomization. The control group participants were ambulated at 6 hours after EPS. For the intervention group, participants were kept in the supine position with procedure-side leg extension for the first 2 hours, followed by 30° head-end elevation and turning to the left/right side for 30 min, and finally ambulation at the end of 3 hours. Both groups were assessed for vital signs, groin and back pain, satisfaction, bleeding, hematoma, and bladder pattern at the 6th and 24th hour after EPS. Data analysis was done on an intention-to-treat basis using the Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, independent student t-test, and Mann–Whitney U test.

RESULTS:

The level of back pain and groin pain was significantly lower in intervention group after 6 hours (P < 0.001) and after 24 hours (P < 0.05). Urinary problem was not reported in intervention group, whereas Eleven (22%), participants in the control group did not void at 6 hours (P < 0.001). Two patients in intervention group developed bleeding at 6 hours, and one patient in control group developed bleeding at 24 hours. Hematoma development was absent for both groups.

CONCLUSION:

Early ambulation at 3 hours after EPS is suggested to reduce back pain, groin pain, and urinary problem, without risk for vascular complications.
Epidemiological characteristics and surveillance of animal bite injuries, in Kerman city, Iran
Authors: Davarani Fatemeh Rezabeigi , Khaleghi Hakimeh , Khanjani Narges , Domari Asma Amiri , Raesi Rasoul , Daneshi Salman
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

Animal bites are a major threat to human health. The present study was designed to determine the incidence and epidemiological factors and to investigate the process of referral and treatment of animal bite cases in Kerman city.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This was a cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study. All the cases of animal bites that were referred to rabies treatment and prevention centers under the coverage of Kerman health center during 2019 and 2021 were investigated. The data were collected from the health center of Kerman city in Excel form that was registered in the portal of the Ministry of Health. The Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used in SPSS24 software to analyze the data.

RESULTS:

In this study, 5407 people (4076 men and 1331 women) were bitten by animals. The average incidence of animal bites was 313 per hundred thousand people. The mean ± SD age of the injured was 31.38 ± 17.72 years. 73.2% of cases of attacking animals were dogs, and half of those dogs had owners. 58.6% of cases were injured in the hand, and 94.2% referred to rabies treatment and prevention centers in the first 48 h after the bite. No cases of animal-bitten deaths were reported during this period. Between gender (P = 0.006), age (P = 0.013), place of residence (P = 0.003), occupation (P < 0.000), history of previous bites and vaccinations (P = 0.001), and injured limb (P < 0.000) and not going to receive the next round of vaccinations, there was a statistically significant correlation.

CONCLUSION:

Animal bites are a major health problem in Kerman, and due to creating health problems and economic losses, it is necessary to take serious action to control and prevent this health threat.
Study of high-risk behaviors and their relationship with psychological factors in Iranian high school students
Authors: Malayen Samira , Hasanpoor-Azghady Seyedeh Batool , Amiri-Farahani Leila
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

Scientific evidence suggests that certain psychological factors may contribute to the occurrence of high-risk behaviors among adolescents. This study aimed to determine the high-risk behaviors and their relationship with psychological factors in Iranian high school students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This cross-sectional study involved 1100 high school students (564 boys and 536 girls). The subjects were selected from a total population of 9488 students using a multistage sampling method. Data was collected through a general information questionnaire (GIQ) and the Iranian Adolescents Risk-Taking Scale (IARS). The GIQ consisted of two parts: demographic information and psychological factors. These factors, including false self-confidence, excitement-seeking, risk-taking, experimentation, curiosity, heroism, disappointment with the future, handsomeness, tiredness of monotony, and enjoyment, were extracted with a deductive-centered approach by reviewing the literature. Descriptive statistics (absolute and relative frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t-test and multiple linear regression) were used for data analysis.

RESULTS:

The results showed that the total mean score of high-risk behaviors was 62.12, lower than the middle scale. The highest mean score of high-risk behaviors was associated with a tendency to dangerous driving, while the lowest mean score was related to the tendency to drug abuse. All psychological variables demonstrated a statistically significant relationship with high-risk behaviors (P < 0.001). In the multiple linear regression model, all psychological variables except risk-seeking and handsomeness remained significant predictors of high-risk behaviors. These variables included false self-confidence, excitement-seeking, experimentation, curiosity, heroism, disappointment with the future, tired of monotony, and hedonism. They explained 29% of changes in high-risk behaviors. Among these variables, excitement-seeking was the most effective in predicting high-risk behaviors.

CONCLUSIONS:

Most of the psychological variables in the present study explained high-risk behaviors. Paying attention to these variables can provide a more comprehensive view for parents and experts whose goal is to provide educational and counseling programs to reduce high-risk behaviors among adolescents.
Investigating the mediating role of anxiety in academic burnout and academic performance of rehabilitation sciences students
Authors: Keshavarzi Mohammad Hasan , Saneii Seyed Hassan , Nahardani Seyedeh Zahra , Koohestani Hamid Reza , Kohan Noushin , Mansouri Mahmoud
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

Mental disorders during student life can have destructive effects on students’ learning and academic progress. This study was conducted to investigate the mediating role of anxiety variable in academic burnout and academic performance in students studying Rehabilitation at the Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The current research enjoys a descriptive and correlational design. The statistical population consisted of all rehabilitation students of IUMS in 2022. The total number of students was 475; finally, 213 were randomly recruited as samples. The sample size was obtained using Cochran’s formula. Using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, simple relationships of variables were used. The data was analyzed by SPSS software version 25, using the path analysis. The path analysis was used to investigate the mediating role of anxiety.

RESULTS:

There is a significant negative correlation between academic burnout and academic performance (P < 0.002; r = −0.223). Also, there is a negative and significant correlation between the mediator variable of anxiety and the dependent variable of academic performance (−0.247), and a positive and significant correlation exists between the mediator variable of anxiety and the independent variable of academic burnout (0.207).

CONCLUSION:

Anxiety and academic burnout can reduce students’ academic performance. Considering that most students will face stress during their studies for various reasons, coping strategies should be taught to them to prevent their academic burnout and academic failure.
Effects of educational intervention based on childbirth scenarios on fear of childbirth in primiparous women
Authors: Shaliha Farnaz , Jafarzadeh-Kenarsari Fatemeh , Bostani-Khalesi Zahra , Maroufizadeh Saman , Alimoradi Zainab
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

Fear of childbirth (FOC) is one of the common reasons for choosing cesarean delivery without medical indications. The present study aimed to assess the effect of childbirth scenario-based educational intervention on FOC in primiparous women.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This study was conducted on 72 primiparous women attending comprehensive health care centers in Qazvin, Iran, in 2021. Participants were randomly placed in the control group (n= 38) and the intervention group (n= 34). The participants in the intervention group read the booklet of childbirth scenarios once a week for eight weeks. Data were collected using the demographic-fertility questionnaire and the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ) before the intervention, eight weeks after the intervention, and the first week after delivery. Data analysis was carried out using independentt-test, Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

RESULTS:

By controlling the FOC scores before the intervention, the mean total FOC scores eight weeks after the intervention and in the first week after delivery in the intervention group were significantly 34 units (95% CI: 27.3–40.7) and 22.9 units (95% CI: 14.6–31.1) lower than the control group respectively (P< 0.001).

CONCLUSION:

Based on the results, childbirth scenario-based intervention can effectively reduce FOC among primiparous women. Healthcare providers, especially midwives, can benefit from applying childbirth scenario-based intervention in prenatal care to reduce the FOC of pregnant women.
Investigating the impact of haptotherapy on maternal–fetal attachment in unplanned pregnancies
Authors: Atabakhsh Tahmineh , Salehi Kobra , Mohammadi Fatemeh
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

Mothers who experience unplanned pregnancies tend to show less maternal attachment to the fetus, which can lead to diminished self-care during pregnancy, and affect well-being of the fetus. Consequently, unintended pregnancies are associated with heightened maternal and fetal consequences due to mothers’ negligence. Hippotherapy intervention has emerged as a viable approach to enhance maternal-fetal communication. The ultimate goal of this study was to broaden our current understanding of haptotherapy’s impact on maternal-fetal attachment in unplanned pregnancies.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This field trial research was conducted at comprehensive health centers in Isfahan using convenient sampling method. The study consisted of two groups of mothers, each consisting of 33 individuals with unplanned pregnancies between 20 to 24 weeks. The experimental group received haptotherapy intervention for 10 weeks, while the control group received standard pregnancy care. For data collection the participants were given demographic and fertility questionnaire prior to the study, and Cranley’s maternal-fetal attachment questionnaire both before and after the study. Moreover, T-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Chi-square test were used for data analysis.

RESULTS:

Prior to the intervention, there was no significant difference in the average maternal-fetal attachment scores between the experimental and control groups (P = 0.56). However, a significant increase became apparent after the intervention. The experimental group exhibited a significant improvement in the mean attachment scores compared to their pre-intervention levels (t=-9.20, P = 0<0.001). In contrast, the control group’s score remained unchanged, with no significant difference observed (=1.69, P = 0.1).

CONCLUSION:

Haptotherapy has been found to enhance maternal-fetal attachment in mothers experiencing unplanned pregnancies. This valuable intervention is recommended as an innovative and secure approach in maternal health care services to help reduce the potential complications associated with such pregnancies.
Exploring the urgent need for an online reproductive health education program for infertile couples: A qualitative study
Authors: Hamidzadeh Azam , Keramat Afsaneh , NaseriBooriAbadi Tahereh , Chaman Reza , Mogharabian Naser , Rabiei Zeinab , Salehin Shahrbanoo
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

With the escalating utilization of online health education programs and the growing prevalence of infertility, there is an urgent requirement for a comprehensive and effective online platform that caters to the unique needs of couples facing infertility. This study aims to investigate and understand the needs and potential benefits of implementing an online reproductive health education program for infertile couples.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This research was a qualitative study conducted in Shahroud City, Iran from May 2022 to June 2022. Sixteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with infertile people and key informants. Sampling method used in this study was purpose-based with maximum variety. All interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim in Persian and analyzed using conventional content analysis approach. MAXQDA software version 12 was used to facilitate data analysis.

RESULTS:

From the data analysis, 2 themes, 3 main categories, and 16 subcategories emerged. The themes included “Reproductive Health Education Needs” and “Preferences for Internet-based Reproductive Health Education and Support.” The first theme consisted 2 categories Reproductive health literacy and Emotional and Psychological Support. The second theme included one category: Technical and Logistical Considerations.

CONCLUSION:

The data analysis of this study has revealed significant insights into the needs and preferences of infertile couples regarding Internet-based reproductive health education and support. These findings provide valuable guidance for the development and implementation of Internet-based reproductive health education programs tailored to the specific needs of infertile couples.
Identification of emotion schemes in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) using an emotion-focused therapy (EFT) approach: A qualitative study
Authors: Dehnavi Saeideh Izadi , Mortazavi Seyede Salehe , Ramezani Mohammad Arash , Gharraee Banafshe , Ashouri Ahmad
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

In women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), emotional problems constitute most of their symptoms. This study aimed to identify the emotion schemes of women with PMDD and to determine the core emotional pains at the center of the emotion scheme of PMDD to facilitate the treatment of this disorder using an emotion-focused therapy (EFT) approach.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This study was performed using the directed content analysis method by Hsieh and Shannon. The participants were selected by purposive sampling. The Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST) was used for the primary diagnosis of women, and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5) was conducted for the final diagnosis. A total of 10 participants were examined via in-depth interviews in this study. The emotion scheme matrix was used as a framework to identify the emotion scheme of PMDD.

RESULTS:

Based on the emotion scheme matrix, the participants’ experiences were classified into two main themes, four categories, and eight subcategories, with 37 extracted codes.

CONCLUSION:

Based on the present results, the primary and secondary emotions and behaviors in women with PMDD indicated perceptual-situational, bodily-expressive, motivational-behavioral, and symbolic-conceptual elements in line with the core emotional pains of desperation, despair, and feelings of worthlessness based on the primary maladaptive scheme of shame, which is responsible for different psychological symptoms.
Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the students’ conceptions of assessment: SCoA inventory in medical university in Iran
Authors: Akbarilakeh Maryam , Kazemy Shiva , Ahmady Soleiman , Arbabisarjou Azizollah
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

Student assessment is one of the main parts of educational planning, and improves the quality of education. Students understanding and feeling about assessment might affect significantly on learning and academic achievement. Considering the importance of this issue, and the lack of a valid and reliable Persian tool in medical universities for measuring this concept to measure students’ perceptions and understandings of assessment, the current study aim was to determine the psychometric properties of (Students’ Conceptions of Assessment – SCoA) inventory during the basic sciences students in medicine, dentistry, pharmacy in Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences.

METHODS AND MATERIALS:

This is a cross-sectional study design. In order to carry out this study, SCoA inventory was translated and culturally adopted. To measure validity, reliability, and normalize the inventory, it was distributed among the study population composed of 302 students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences during the academic year 1400–1401 who met the inclusion criteria. The collected data were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Cronbach’s alpha using SPSS version 23 and Amos software.

RESULTS:

The results of data analysis showed that of the 302 participants, 119 were men and 183 were women. The mean age of students was 21.69 ± 2.16 years. Content validity was calculated, and it was reported 0.88. Cronbach’s alpha was used to determine the internal consistency, and its value was 0.775. The construct validity of SCoA inventory was assessed using CFA by EQS version 6.1. The value of root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.092 with a 98% confidence interval, and the Goodness of fit index (GFI) value was 0.99. CFA for all items loaded across four factors, and this four-factor inventory showed a good fit in the Iranian community.

CONCLUSION:

For the first time, the psychometric test of SCoA inventory has been carried out at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. The Persian version of this inventory has good validity and reliability in Iran and is a useful tool for measuring the SCoA in medical university. Researchers and those interested in medical education and development centers can benefit from the results of this study. Also, this inventory has been applicable to determine the attitude and perceptions of students about assessment.
Identification of Predictive Factors for Massive Transfusion Activation in Trauma Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ueamsaranworakul Thosapol , Niamjumnong Ratcharin , Kornthatchapong Kumpol , Srivilaithon Winchana
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Acute blood loss and uncontrolled hemorrhage in trauma require quick identification and action to restore circulating volume and save the patient. These patients have the opportunity to receive massive transfusion (MT) to reduce mortality rates and avoid overtransfusion using a suitable ratio of blood components. This study aims to systematically review and analyze the predictive factors for the activation of MT protocol (MTP) in trauma patients, which is critical for improving clinical decision-making and patient outcomes.

Methods:

PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, and other sources were searched for articles from 2007 to 2020. Conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement, this systematic review included original studies published in English, involving trauma patients aged 15 years or older who received MTP. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the RoB in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions-I and RoB 2 tools, and statistical analysis was performed, focusing on the homogeneity of effect sizes across trials.

Results:

The articles search identified a total of 424 studies. Nine studies met all inclusion criteria. The most common predictors were age, sex, systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR), hemoglobin (Hb) levels, international normalized ratio (INR), base excess (BE), and lactate levels. The analysis showed that parameters such as SBP, HR, Hb, INR, BE, and lactate were significantly associated with the activation of MTP. However, age and sex were not significant predictors. The survival rate was notably lower in the MTP group compared to the non-MTP group. There was no evidence of publication bias.

Conclusion:

Several physiological parameters: low SBP, elevated HR, reduced Hb, increased INR, diminished BE, and elevated lactate are significantly correlated with an increased likelihood of necessitating MTP in trauma patients. Among those who received MTP, the survival rate was lower compared to the non-MTP group.
Quantification of Metabolic Acidosis at Bedside by S.A.L.T Approach
Authors: Seshadri Harshitha , Nileshwar Anitha , Rao Shwethapriya , Jacob Nisha Sara M.
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Traditionally, metabolic acidosis is analyzed using an anion gap (AG). The aim of the study was to compare the utility of quantitative David Story’s simplified Stewart approach against traditional approach to analyze metabolic acidosis. ICU setting. Analytical, cross-sectional observational study.

Methods:

Blood gas reports of 50 adult critically ill patients with primary metabolic acidosis at admission were analyzed using both approaches. With traditional approach, acidosis was classified simply as high or normal AG acidosis. With S.A.L.T approach, the components of base deficit were further quantified into sodium chloride, albumin, lactate, and other ions effects. A contribution of sodium chloride or albumin effect of > 30% to the base deficit was considered significant. The proportion of patients with such abnormalities was determined. Descriptive statistics was used.

Results:

The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of patients was 54.52 ± 19.71 years, 52% were males, and 72% were medical admissions. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score was 10 (5–13). The mean ± SD pH, bicarbonate, base excess, and albumin were 7.198 ± 0.13, 11.73 ± 4.2 mmol/L, −15.13 ± 5.6 mmol/L, and 2.9 ± 0.77 g%, respectively. The median (IQR) of serum lactate was 6.77 (1.53, 16.32) mmol/L. Hyponatremia and hypochloremia were seen in 68% and 46% of patients, respectively. Eighty-eight percent of patients had acidosis due to other ions, 52% due to lactates. Twenty-eight percent had a significant sodium chloride effect and 32% had significant hypoalbuminemia.

Conclusion:

Quantification of base deficit of metabolic acidosis using S.A.L.T approach showed changes in sodium chloride levels and hypoalbuminemia affecting base deficit in nearly 30% of the patients. Quantification of metabolic acidosis using S.A.L.T approach is likely to help treat metabolic acidosis more appropriately, with clinical implications.
Rapid Spontaneous Regression of Traumatic Subdural Hematoma
Authors: Punia Prashant , Chugh Ashish , Gotecha Sarang , Singh Neeraj , Gaud Jayant , Rege Ishant , Aziz Ramis Abdul
Published: August 2024

Acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) is a type of intracranial hemorrhage and is due to the collection of blood below the inner layer of the dura but external to the brain and arachnoid membrane. It tends to occur in the temporal parietal regions. Early intervention is the key for better outcome of the patient. Management depends on neurological status and imaging. Large SDH collects along the convexity of the brain causing compression over the brain stem with midline shift. In cases of conservatively managed ASDH, spontaneous resolution usually takes weeks to months depending on the size of the bleed. In rare cases, spontaneous rapid resolution of the SDH occurs. So here, we are presenting an 11-month-old baby girl who was brought to our Emergency room/department (ER) with a history of fall and computed tomography scan was suggestion of an ASDH in the left temporoparietal region which resolves on its own in 6 h which is a rare phenomenon and needs to be highlighted.
Effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge and attitude toward foot care
Authors: TOSO Sorhodeno , NGANELA Sukhbir , AIER Temsujungla , JAMIR Tiasenla , KISO Vikehieno , ODYUO Y. Rhondeno , PHEWHUO Zhovinuo , SHIMRAY Philanim Awungshi
Published: August 2024

Objective:

The study was aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude toward foot care and evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching program (STP) on the knowledge and attitude of patients with diabetes mellitus regarding foot care.

Materials and Methods:

A preexperimental research design was used in this study, which was conducted in medical–surgical wards of a secondary hospital in Northeast India, Nagaland. A total of 30 subjects were recruited by consecutive sampling technique. A closed-ended structured questionnaire and 5-point Likert scale was used to assess knowledge and attitude toward foot care. A STP was administered after which posttest was done after 24 h.

Results:

The majority (86.6%) of the participants in the pretest had inadequate knowledge and 80% had negative attitudes toward foot care. After STP, 70% had moderately adequate knowledge and 53.3% had a positive attitude regarding foot care. The structured teaching program was effective in improving the knowledge and attitude at P < 0.01 which is highly significant and there was a significant association between the pretest level knowledge and duration of diabetes at P < 0.01.

Conclusion:

STP was effective in enhancing the level of knowledge and attitude toward foot care among diabetic inpatients. This type of interaction can be organized at regular intervals to reinforce knowledge and attitude toward foot care among inpatients.
Laparoscopic deroofing of a recurrent giant simple hepatic cyst in a geriatric female: Case report
Authors: Dey Sumanta , Nandy Sougata , Roy Sreetama , Ghosh Debarchan , Guhathakurta Abhishek
Published: August 2024

Liver cysts often have no symptoms, are benign and are usually encountered during routine abdominal imaging for other conditions. Giant cysts have a higher risk of complications. Recurrence is common, and most research papers support laparoscopic deroofing as the initial management modality even in the recurrent cases as it avoids the morbidity of laparotomy and gives better short- and long-term post-operative outcomes. Here, we present a case of a 68-year-old female who presented to the outpatient department with complaints of right-sided dull-aching abdominal pain, heaviness, early satiety and significant weight loss for the past 2 months. A laparoscopic drainage and deroofing were done, and histopathological examination of the cystic wall was consistent with benign pathology. The patient has been doing well for the past year.
Comparative Efficacy of Therapeutic Ultrasound and Nirgundi Oil Phonophoresis on Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: An Observational Study
Authors: Raja Nishanthi , Ganesan Anuradha , Krithika C. L. , Aniyan Yesoda K
Published: August 2024

Background:

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is one of the most chronic common musculoskeletal disorders causing pain and disability. Nirgundi oil, an herbal medicine with anti-inflammatory properties has proved its role in alleviating pain and various health disorders. Phonophoresis (PH) by conventional pharmacological management in persistent conditions can lead to side effects, and hence, for this reason, alternative medicine is gaining importance.

Objective:

This study aims to compare the effectiveness of therapeutic ultrasound with PH using nirgundi oil in TMD.

Subject and Methods:

Thirty patients with mild-to-severe TMD who were part of the research study were assigned at random to one of two groups. Group 1 (n = 15) received therapeutic ultrasound treatment using ultrasound gel without any therapeutic component, while Group 2 (n = 15) received therapeutic ultrasound using herbal nirgundi oil. A visual analog scale was used to measure the amount of discomfort before and after treatment. Necessary statistical analysis using Normality tests, Kolmogorov–Smirnov, and Shapiro–Wilks’s test was performed.

Results:

PH with nirgundi oil resulted in a statistically significant higher reduction in pain (P < 0.005) and increased mouth opening (P < 0.005).

Conclusion:

PH using nirgundi oil can be an effective therapy for persistent pain in TMDs.
Platelet-rich Fibrin: A Systematic Review of Its Action
Authors: Zuleika Puspa , Saleh Irsan , Murti Krisna , Liberty Iche Andriyani , Legiran  , Irfanuddin  , Surono Agus
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

We aim to conduct a literature review on actions of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), preclinical studies in PRF utility, and its potential uses in clinical settings.

Methods:

We conducted a literature review based on primary studies conducted on PubMed and Europe PMC between 2012 and 2022. We included 42 articles in this review from the results of our search.

Results:

Epithelial tissues act as a barrier from mechanical, chemical, and temperature damage. Naturally, hemostasis acts to reduce blood loss and creates initial fibrin matrices after traumatic events or injuries. PRF is a second-generation platelet concentrate, commonly made in the form of leukocyte and PRF due to leukocyte content. Fibrin matrices in PRF allow more sustained growth factors release when compared to PRP, the first-generation platelet concentrate. PRF comes from increased proliferation and differentiation mediated by reduced proliferation of inflammatory cells and sustained release of growth factors and cytokines.

Conclusions:

PRF action comes from increased proliferation and differentiation from growth factors and cytokines. PRF may reduce inflammation and fibrosis to improve soft-tissue and bone healing and allow for better graft integration.
Enhancing Respiratory Functions and Cervical Proprioception with Myofascial Release and Feedback Respiratory Training in Forward Head Posture: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Panihar Usha , Joshi Shabnam
Published: August 2024

Context:

Forward head posture (FHP) is a prevalent abnormal posture, leading to abnormal postural angles, diminished respiratory parameters, and decline in cervical proprioception.

Aim:

The study aimed to improve head posture along with improvement in respiratory functions and cervical proprioception in FHP individuals using feedback respiratory exercises (FRE) and myofascial release (MFR) technique.

Settings and Design:

The study was a randomized controlled pilot trial, conducted at the Outpatient Department of Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar.

Materials and Methods:

Forty-eight participants of 20–45 years having FHP were randomly assigned to four groups, i.e., Group A (control group), Group B (MFR group), Group C (FRE group), and Group D (combined group). The outcome measures such as craniovertebral angle, cranial rotation angle, cranial angle, forward shoulder angle, pectoralis minor length, neck disability index, chest expansion, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and cervical proprioception were assessed pre- and postintervention (after 6 weeks).

Statistical Analysis Used:

The comparison between the groups at baseline and postintervention was done using one-way ANOVA test and within group was performed using a paired t-test.

Results:

The results indicated significant difference in all outcome measures in all four groups during within-group comparison. Similarly, a significant difference was observed between the groups except for cervical proprioception. In addition, recruitment and retention rates were 90.56% and 100%, respectively.

Conclusions:

The study concludes MFR and FRE when given along with conventional treatment provides additional benefits in all outcome measures except cervical proprioception.