bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of an Integrated Computing Platform for Measuring, Predicting, and Analyzing the Profile-Specific Fixity of Railway Tracks
Authors: Fu Qian , Easton John M. , Burrow Michael P. N.
Published: May 2024

The current measures for railway track fixity in the UK’s railway remain at a relatively low level of granularity. This paper presents a pilot proof-of-concept study on the development of an integrated computing framework for improving the measurement, prediction, and analysis of profile-specific track fixity in the context of the UK’s rail network. The framework is aimed to produce a data integration and mining tool, which can determine track fixity parameters for any given section of track. In this study, we propose to measure track movement based on point cloud data and assess the track fixity by a set of parameters, such as the direction and rate of the track movement relative to the plane of the rail within a certain period. We seek to integrate a data mining algorithm into the framework to predict these parameters, given vast amounts of disparate and heterogeneous data of potential influencing factors in the area. From the study, we have developed a prototype framework, which allows the rapid implementation of data workflows with the necessary functionality. The feasibility of the prototype was demonstrated by training a random forest model on real data from an approximately 80-km section of the East Coast Main Line, southeast of Edinburgh, Scotland. The modeling results indicate that the curvature, cant, and maximum speed of trains are among the key factors that impact on, and are critical for predicting and analyzing, the profile-specific track fixity.
Hybrid Transfer Learning and Support Vector Machine Models for Asphalt Pavement Distress Classification
Authors: Apeagyei Alex , Ademolake Toyosi Elijah , Anochie-Boateng Joseph
Published: May 2024

Pavement condition evaluation plays a crucial role in assisting with the management of the highway infrastructure. However, the current methods used for assessing pavement conditions are costly, time-consuming, and subjective. There is a growing need to automate these assessment tactics and leverage low-cost technologies to enable widespread deployment. This study aims to develop robust and highly accurate models for classifying asphalt pavement distresses using transfer learning (TL) techniques based on pretrained deep learning (DL) networks. This topic has gained considerable attention in the field since 2015 when DL became the mainstream choice for various computer vision tasks. While progress has been made in TL model development, challenges persist in areas of accuracy, repeatability, and training cost. To tackle these challenges, this study proposes hybrid models that combine DL networks with support vector machines (SVMs). Three strategies were evaluated: single DL models using transfer learning (TLDL), hybrid models combining DL and SVM (DL+SVM), and hybrid models combining TLDL and SVM (TLDL+SVM). The performance of each strategy was assessed using statistical metrics based on the confusion matrix. Results consistently showed that the TLDL+SVM strategy outperformed the other approaches in accuracy and F1 scores, regardless of the DL network type. On average, the hybrid models achieved an accuracy of 95%, surpassing the 80% accuracy of the best single model and the 55% accuracy for DL+SVM without TL. The results clearly indicate that employing transfer-learned models as feature extractors, in combination with SVM as the classifier, consistently achieves exceptional performance.
Exploring Attribute Associations in Pedestrian-Involved Hit-and-Run Crashes through Cluster Correspondence Analysis
Authors: Rahman M. Ashifur , Das Subasish , Hossain Ahmed , Codjoe Julius , Mitran Elisabeta , Sun Xiaodaun
Published: May 2024

Pedestrian-involved hit-and-run (PIHR) crashes represent a significant public health concern, and identifying patterns in these crashes can aid in developing effective countermeasures. Cluster correspondence analysis (CCA) is a multidimensional statistical technique that combines dimension reduction and clustering to identify patterns in categorical data. This method provides insights into underlying patterns and relationships among categories. The current study analyzed a Louisiana crash dataset of 2,201 PIHR crashes from 2015 to 2019 using CCA to identify underlying patterns. CCA identified six clusters, examined the top associative attributes, and assessed their cluster-to-dataset percentage ratio. The first two clusters, representing 66% of PIHR crashes, mainly involved crashes on city streets, occurring primarily during early night (7 to 11 p.m.) in Cluster 1 and the afternoon (12 noon to 4 p.m.) in Cluster 2. Clusters 3 and 4, accounting for 30% of PIHR crashes, predominantly exhibited crashes on U.S. and state highways. Cluster 4, which featured fatalities, primarily concentrated on state highways during the early morning hours (4 to 6 a.m.). Meanwhile, Clusters 5 and 6 focused on high-speed highways, specifically interstates involving pedestrian fatalities. A discussion on implementing strategic countermeasures tailored to the distinct characteristics of each cluster is presented. Alongside improvements in context-based countermeasures to ease pedestrian movement and enhance their visibility, strategies such as advocating for stringent hit-and-run laws, incentivizing the use of dashcams, and broadly publicizing resources for crash reporting are projected to be highly effective in curbing PIHR crashes.
Research on the Relationship Between Urban and Traffic Environments and Health Among Returning Drivers of Drivers’ Licenses
Authors: Suzuki Yu , Setogawa Hiroki , Terabe Shintaro , Yaginuma Hideki , Uno Haruka
Published: May 2024

This study sought to determine the relationship between urban and transportation environments and health among older adults who have returned their driver’s licenses. Many elderly people who have given up their driver’s license consider it a good thing. The reasons given were that they no longer had to worry about causing traffic crashes and the stress of driving. Factors that influenced whether or not they were glad to give up their driver’s license included the shift in transportation from driving to walking, and the health benefits of walking. Returning one’s driver’s license at the appropriate time may contribute to the health of elderly people. The health status of elderly people was assessed using the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence and a frailty index. Structural equation modeling was used to structure the relationship between the urban and transportation environment and health of elderly people who had given up their driver’s licenses. The results showed that the layout of facilities (e.g., supermarkets, hospitals, and bus stops) around the home influenced the age at which the driver’s license was returned. It was also shown that the younger the age of returning the motor vehicle driver’s license, the less frailty and the higher activity capacity was experienced by individuals. This may be because returning a driver’s license at an earlier age makes it easier to adjust to a new life and to new modes of transportation.
Periostin Is a Biomarker for Anterior Shoulder Instability: Proteomic Analysis of Synovial Fluid
Authors: Galvin Joseph W. , Milam Rachel J. , Patterson Brendan M. , Nepola James V. , Buckwalter Joseph A. , Wolf Brian R. , Say Felicity M. , Free Katherine E. , Yohannes Elizabeth
Published: May 2024

Background:

The incremental biological changes in the synovial microenvironment of the shoulder in acute and chronic instability that may contribute to joint degeneration are poorly understood. Proteomic analysis of synovial fluid in patients with shoulder instability may improve our understanding of proteins that are shed into shoulder synovial fluid after an injury.

Hypothesis:

Injury-specific factors such as the direction of instability and the severity of glenoid and humeral bone loss are associated with the proteome of synovial fluid in patients with shoulder instability.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Synovial fluid lavage samples were compared between patients with anterior (n = 12) and posterior (n = 8) instability and those without instability (n = 5). Synovial proteins were identified with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Orthogonal validation of protein targets found to be significant on tandem mass spectrometry was performed in a separate set of prospective patients with Western blotting. Data were processed and analyzed, and P values were adjusted with the Benjamini-Hochberg method for multiple comparisons.

Results:

A total of 25 patients were included. Tandem mass spectrometry identified 720 protein groups in synovial fluid of patients with shoulder instability. There were 4 synovial proteins that were significantly expressed in patients with anterior instability relative to posterior instability: periostin (POSTN) (adjusted P value = .03; log fold change [logFc] = 4.7), transforming growth factor beta–induced protein ig-h3 (adjusted P value = .05; logFc = 1.7), collagen type VI alpha-3 chain (adjusted P value = .04; logFc = 2.6), and coagulation factor V (adjusted P value = .04; logFc = −3.3). Among these targets, POSTN showed a moderate correlation with the Hill-Sachs lesion size ( r = 0.7). Prospective validation with Western blotting confirmed a significantly higher level of POSTN in synovial fluid of patients with anterior instability ( P = .00025; logFc = 5.1).

Conclusion:

Proteomic analysis enriched our understanding of proteins that were secreted into shoulder synovial fluid of patients with shoulder instability. The identification of POSTN, a proinflammatory catabolic protein involved with tissue remodeling and repair, as a significant target in anterior shoulder instability is a novel finding. Therefore, further study is warranted to determine the role that POSTN may play in the progression of bone loss and posttraumatic osteoarthritis.

Clinical Relevance:

Proteomic analysis of synovial fluid in patients with shoulder instability improved our understanding of this abnormality after an injury.
Magnetic Seeding of SPIO-BMSCs Into a Biphasic Scaffold Can Promote Tendon-Bone Healing After Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Zhang Chi , Jin Jia-Le , Zhou Cong-Hui , Ruan Cheng-Xing , Lei Peng-Fei , Cai You-Zhi
Published: May 2024

Background:

The tendon-bone interface (TBI) in the rotator cuff has a poor intrinsic capacity for healing, which increases the risk of retear after rotator cuff repair (RCR). However, facilitating regeneration of the TBI still remains a great clinical challenge. Herein, the authors established a novel strategy based on magnetic seeding to enhance the TBI regeneration.

Hypothesis:

Magnetic seeding bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO-BMSCs) into a biphasic scaffold can promote tendon-bone healing after RCR.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

BMSCs were labeled with SPIOs. Prussian blue staining, CCK-8 tests, Western blot, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to determine the optimal effect concentration of SPIOs on cell bioactivities and abilities. Then SPIO-BMSCs were magnetically seeded into a biphasic scaffold under a magnetic field. The seeding efficacy was assessed by a scanning electron microscope, and the potential mechanism in chondrogenic differentiation after seeding SPIO-BMSCs into the scaffold was evaluated by Western blot and PCR. Furthermore, the effect of SPIO-BMSC/biphasic scaffold on tendon-bone healing after RCR using a rat model was examined using histological analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and biomechanical evaluation.

Results:

BMSCs labeled with 100 μg/mL SPIO had no effect on cell bioactivities and the ability of chondrogenic differentiation. SPIO-BMSCs were magnetically seeded into a biphasic scaffold, which offered a high seeding efficacy to enhance chondrogenic differentiation of SPIO-BMSCs via the CDR1as/miR-7/FGF2 pathway for TBI formation in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo application of the biphasic scaffold with magnetically seeded SPIO-BMSCs showed their regenerative potential, indicating that they could significantly accelerate and promote TBI healing with superior biomechanical properties after RCR in a rat rotator cuff tear model.

Conclusion:

Magnetically seeding SPIO-BMSCs into a biphasic scaffold enhanced seeding efficacy to promote cell distribution and condensation. This construct enhanced the chondrogenesis process via the CDR1as/miR-7/FGF2 pathway and further promoted tendon-bone healing after RCR in a rat rotator cuff tear model.

Clinical Relevance:

This study provides an alternative strategy for improving TBI healing after RCR.
Ethical patient engagement in healthcare governance
Authors: Klassen Treena
Published: May 2024

Health leaders are faced with a lack of public trust in healthcare governance. This waning trust relationship was further solidified through the pandemic. Improving the relationship between health organizations and the community/citizens/patient partners is a moral imperative of which ethical governance is a significant factor. This article will structure the ethical analysis of patient partners in governance through reviewing who we are, how we function, and what we do on governance boards. Taking an ethical approach will enable the promise of the value and impact of the patient partner to be actualized. Ethical governance that recognizes the significant contributions and value of engaged patient partners can be achieved and may be one of the significant levers required to transform healthcare.
Caregiver Report of Children’s Exposure to Adverse Life Events: Concordance Between Questionnaire and Interview Approaches
Authors: McGuire Austen , Jackson Yo , Grasso Damion J. , Slavich George M. , Kingston Neal
Published: May 2024

Assessment practices for measuring adverse life events (ALEs) are often characterized by considerable variability, which is associated with inconsistency and reproducibility issues when conducting research on children with ALE exposure. One aspect of assessment variability for caregiver report of children’s ALE history that has received minimal attention is assessment format. To address this issue, the current study evaluated concordance between two main ALE assessment formats: interviews and questionnaires. This involved examining overall endorsement of ALEs and concordance among multiple characteristics of ALE exposure, including type, polyvictimization, frequency, severity, and age of onset. Fifty-eight caregivers ( Mage = 33.72; 60% Black; 55% below the federal poverty line) of preschool and school-age children were administered an ALE assessment in both a questionnaire and interview format across two sessions. The sum scores and concordance rates between format responses were compared based on ALE type, polyvictimization, frequency, severity, and age of onset of exposure. Results indicated that most total or sum scores were similar between formats, with the exception of ALE severity scores. However, there was most often low-to-moderate concordance across the 50 types of ALEs examined in the current study, suggesting that a different constellation of events comprised each sum or total score. This was also the case across all characteristics of the ALEs and most notably for the severity of ALE. Based on these findings, the format of assessment may be associated with inconsistent reporting of children’s ALE exposure across multiple characteristics of ALE. Researchers may need to utilize multiple types of ALE assessments when relying on caregiver report of a child’s ALEs.
Future entrepreneurial behavior among female university students: The moderating role of university business incubators
Authors: Alkhawaldeh Khleef Ahmed
Published: May 2024

This study examined the future entrepreneurial behavior of female university students. It also examined the moderating role of university business incubators in the relationship between planned behavior and future entrepreneurial behavior among female students. A questionnaire was developed based on Ajzen’s proposals on how to build a questionnaire for the theory of planned behavior and then distribute it to female students at Jordanian universities. The results of the study indicated the presence of future entrepreneurial behavior among female university students in Jordan. The results also indicated that there is a statistically significant relationship between planned behavior and future entrepreneurial behavior. Moreover, the moderating role of university business incubators was significant. The study concluded that female university students have plans and intend to start their own projects and become entrepreneurs despite their young age and economic situation. They are becoming more educated about the importance of being part of a university business incubator and its vital impact on their behavior, networks and future of entrepreneurship. Studying the future entrepreneurial behavior of female university students is particularly necessary given the difficult economic situation and the particularly high unemployment rate among women in Jordan.
What can we learn from service model analysis? An application in the government export finance sector
Authors: Klasen Andreas , Schedler Kuno
Published: May 2024

The service model approach, like business models in the private sector, is gaining increasing attention in public management literature. In line with this evolving discourse, our study analyzes service models in government export promotion. By exploring the use of service models and discussing key developments, we shed light on the diverse application of service models in the context of officially supported export credits – an under-researched field in which a lot of innovation is happening. We observe a limited number of traditional service models with significant relevance. In addition, our findings suggest a rising diversity that signifies innovation and the broadening scope of activities. We also uncover the underlying motivations and practical experiences associated with their implementation and provide valuable insights into the benefits they offer.
Electroacupuncture improves apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells via the IL-22/JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway in a rat model of cervical intervertebral disk degeneration
Authors: Yan Sen , Xie Ling-Yao , Duan Xia-Xia , Tan Jia-Xuan , Yang Song , Meng Ling , Zhong Qing-Hua , Lin Wei-Di , Yang Jia-Ni , Xiao Yao-Yao , Jiang Xueyu
Published: May 2024

Background:

Cervical spondylosis (CS) is a prevalent disorder that can have a major negative impact on quality of life. Traditional conservative treatment has limited efficacy, and electroacupuncture (EA) is a novel treatment option. We investigated the application and molecular mechanism of EA treatment in a rat model of cervical intervertebral disk degeneration (CIDD).

Methods:

The CIDD rat model was established, following which rats in the electroacupuncture (EA) group received EA. For overexpression of IL-22 or inhibition of JAK2-STAT3 signaling, the rats were injected intraperitoneally with recombinant IL-22 protein (p-IL-22) or the JAK2-STAT3 (Janus kinase 2—signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 3) inhibitor AG490 after model establishment. Rat nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were isolated and cultured. Cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry were used to analyze the viability and apoptosis of the NP cells. Expression of IL-22, JAK2 and STAT3 was determined using RT-qPCR. Expression of IL-22/JAK2-STAT3 pathway and apoptosis related proteins was detected by Western blotting (WB).

Results:

EA protected the NP tissues of CIDD rats by regulating the IL-22/JAK2-STAT3 pathway. Overexpression of IL-22 significantly promoted the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6, IL-1β, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)3 and MMP13 compared with the EA group. WB demonstrated that the expression of IL-22, p-JAK2, p-STAT3, caspase-3 and Bax in NP cells of the EA group was significantly reduced and Bcl-2 elevated compared with the model group. EA regulated cytokines and MMP through activation of IL-22/JAK2-STAT3 signaling in CIDD rat NP cells.

Conclusion:

We demonstrated that EA affected apoptosis by regulating the IL-22/JAK2-STAT3 pathway in NP cells and reducing inflammatory factors in the CIDD rat model. The results extend our knowledge of the mechanisms of action underlying the effects of EA as a potential treatment approach for CS in clinical practice.
Research Progress on Inhibition of Osteoclast Differentiation by Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Qian Yanan , Chong Siomui , Chen Qian , Yin Chengliang , Cao Yujing
Published: May 2024

Background

Bone tissue undergoes continuous remodeling to maintain a steady state of bone equilibrium. During this process, osteoblasts actively stimulate bone formation, while osteoclasts continuously engage in bone resorption. The dynamic equilibrium between bone formation and bone resorption is crucial for maintaining bone structure. In a healthy human skeletal structure, the two components are constantly in a state of benign dynamic equilibrium. However, due to factors such as aging, trauma, bone diseases, and other influences, the activity of osteoblasts decreases while the activity of osteoclasts increases. This disrupts the dynamic equilibrium, leading to a decrease in bone metabolism. As a result, bone resorption gradually surpasses bone production, making it challenging to maintain a normal amount of bone mass. The effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine in treating bone-related disorders is extraordinary, and its molecular biological mechanism has become a widely discussed subject.

Objectives

This study aims to unravel the classical signaling pathways and potential targets involved in the effects of traditional Chinese medicine on osteoclast differentiation, and to provide evidence for its clinical efficacy.

Materials and Methods

The main keywords chosen for this study were “Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)”, “osteoclast differentiation”, “natural plant”, and “medicinal plant”. To gather relevant literature, we utilized multiple online search engines, including PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI, as well as other publication resources.

Results

The results indicated that Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) can modulate signaling pathways, including NF-κB, MAPKs, STATs, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways., to influence osteoclast differentiation. This modulation involves maintaining the balance of inflammatory interactions, inhibiting oxidative stress.

Conclusion

The impact of traditional Chinese medicine on osteoclast differentiation is reflected on multiple levels and through various pathways. Future research is envisioned to delve deeper from the perspective of precision-targeted therapy, aiming to provide insights for identifying the core targets of traditional Chinese medicine in treating orthopedic diseases.
Torsion of the caudate lobe of the liver and concurrent necrohemorrhagic typhlocolitis in a zoo-housed Patagonian mara
Authors: Wilson Catherine , Philp Steven J. , Hughes Katherine
Published: May 2024

Liver lobe torsion has been reported in many species, with frequent reports in rabbits. Here we describe caudate liver lobe torsion and concurrent necrohemorrhagic typhlocolitis in a Patagonian mara (syn: Patagonian cavy, Patagonian hare, Dolichotis patagonum). Following acute death, postmortem examination findings included torsion of the hepatic caudate process, which had fibrous adhesions to the pancreas indicating chronicity. The cecal apex and proximal 30 cm of colon had regionally reddened serosa and diffusely roughened and reddened mucosa with brown-red and granular luminal contents. Key histologic findings included massive necrosis of the torsed hepatic caudate lobe, consistent with infarction, necrotizing hepatitis in remaining areas of liver, necrohemorrhagic typhlocolitis, adrenocortical necrosis and hemorrhage, and renal tubular degeneration and necrosis with tubular casts. Bacterial culture of cecal contents yielded pure growth of Salmonella spp. Death was attributed to toxemia or bacteremia resulting from Salmonella spp. infection, as the hepatic lobe torsion appeared chronic. It was undetermined if the liver lobe torsion predisposed to gastrointestinal compromise and infection. Patagonian maras have some anatomical similarities to rabbits and are highly cursorial, not dissimilar to hares, Lepus spp. We speculate that these characteristics may increase the likelihood of hepatic caudate lobe torsion in this species.
Dying to Understand How Electronic Word of Mouth Legitimates Sustainable Innovations in Stigmatized Markets
Authors: Villers Stephanie , Dhalla Rumina , Oberholzer Jan
Published: May 2024

Entrepreneurs entering stigmatized markets face barriers to entry beyond those encountered in traditional markets. Yet, little research examines factors influencing the diffusion of these goods and services. Through the lens of institutional theory, this paper proposes and demonstrates the application of a conceptual model outlining the process by which stigmatized innovations become (de-)institutionalized. We combine mixed methods by blending qualitative with quantitative tools to analyze the legitimating influence of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) over time. Our findings suggest that dichotomized consumer preferences stem from normative (natural and benevolent versus artificial and malevolent), cultural-cognitive (ecological health and sustainable services versus public health and traditional services), and regulatory (government rule versus market rule) binaries that influence the deinstitutionalization of orthodoxy (utopian versus dystopian worldviews). Notwithstanding, we show that, in stigmatized markets, consumers look to eWOM to inform their choices, which can aid in deinstitutionalizing rational myths and help perpetuate service innovation. We also find that in stigmatized markets, the existing industry does not show a predictable response to societal pressures for service innovations that promote social wellbeing and sustainability.
Situating realism, the ethnographic sensibility, and comparative political theory within the methodological turn in political theory
Authors: Turner Ben
Published: May 2024

Contextualist and empirical analyses have recently become important tools in political theory due to a growing ‘methodological turn’ in the discipline. In this article I argue that realism, the ethnographic sensibility in political theory, and comparative political theory should be considered as part of this methodological turn. I show that they share its diagnosis of a gap between political theory and politics and its two principal motivations in closing it. However, I argue that the distinct contribution of realism, the ethnographic sensibility, and comparative political theory is that they highlight a challenge for the methodological turn in that attention to context may widen the distance between political theory and politics. I conclude by suggesting that this is not an insurmountable obstacle and that it in fact bolsters the evaluative function of methodological political theory, keeping it distinct from political science.
Research ethics in social science research during health pandemics: what can we learn from COVID-19 experiences?
Authors: Pherali Tejendra , Bragg Sara , Borra Catherine , Jones Phil
Published: May 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic posed many ethical and practical challenges for academic research. Some of these have been documented, particularly in relation to health research, but less attention has been paid to the dilemmas encountered by educational and social science research. Given that pandemics are predicted to be more frequent, it is vital to understand how to continue crucial research in schools and other learning communities. This article therefore focuses specifically on research ethics in educational and social science during the pandemic of 2020–2022. The research involved interviews and workshops with University College London (UCL) academics, professional staff and graduate students and encompassed those involved in reviewing ethics applications, researchers dealing with ethics in projects that continued despite disruptions caused by COVID-19, and successful research projects specifically designed to study the effects of COVID-19 in various contexts. The article discusses some of the crucial knowledge and practical experiences that were accumulated. The operational and epistemological lessons learned from this particular institution may have wider relevance to research ethics processes in higher education environments where academics and students are grappling with post-COVID-19 ethical dilemmas and inform broader debates about how research institutions can build institutional knowledge to improve practices of ethics review at the times of health emergencies in future. Our evidence points to the significance of inter- and multidisciplinary, collaborative approaches that flatten institutional hierarchies and to the crucial role played by professional staff. In addition, we argue that ethics review processes must be underpinned by critical debates about wider issues of unequal power relationships between research partners, the nature of knowledge production, ownership and utilisation. To enhance equity and epistemic justice in research practices, ethics education should be an ongoing integral part of research ethics within research institutions.
Deep Transformations: Lived Experiences and Emotions in Social Change Narratives
Authors: Hilmar Till , Ķešāne Iveta , Margies Nina , Verbalyte Monika
Published: May 2024

In this introduction to the special issue, we explore the political salience of emotions in times of large-scale social change, emphasizing the role of personal narratives in understanding and framing these transformations. We introduce the concept of ‘deep transformations’ to analyse radical shifts in various aspects of life and their emotional and cultural implications. Focusing on cases from the post-socialist world and one contribution from post-2008 Spain, the issue provides novel insights into the interplay between emotions, signification, and social change. We present our contributions as addressing three distinct levels, each underscoring the importance for integrating the sociology of emotions with cultural sociology more closely: remembering change, adapting to change, and imagining change.
Toward the transnational memory of Holodomor: The famine commemorative genre and the Ukrainian diaspora
Authors: Koziura Karolina
Published: May 2024

This article traces the emergence of the public memory of Holodomor by focusing on the history of Famine commemorations outside of the Soviet Union from 1933 till 1983. By following Jeffrey K. Olick’s call for a dialogical analysis of memory genres, it attempts to unravel the complex cultural mechanism through which commemorations of the Famine evolved not only through their interactions with immediate political context but also in response to earlier commemorations. Two Famine commemorative genres informed this process: that of national mourning and that of anti-Soviet protest. Drawing on my multi-sited and multilingual research, this article argues that the process of creating the public memory of the Holodomor has been transnational, multidirectional, and path-dependent. The framing of the Famine as the Holodomor, a genocide against Ukrainians, was an outcome of negotiations that occurred across time and space. Ukrainian diaspora members, it is further argued, played a prominent role in this process.
Parental experience after diagnosis of a congenital upper limb difference: a national survey
Authors: Clelland Andrew D. , Lester Ruth , Duncan Órla , Lam Wee L.
Published: May 2024

Congenital hand and upper limb differences may be detected during antenatal ultrasonography or visually at birth. We investigated the experience of parents when they first learned that their child had an upper limb difference. This national retrospective cross-sectional quantitative and qualitative survey within the UK and Ireland received 261 responses from parents of children. Differences were first suspected antenatally among 41% of respondents and in 57% postnatally, with 2% unsure. Of the children, 54% were seen in a clinic by a specialist congenital hand surgeon within 3 months and 88% within 12 months, with 73% of respondents feeling unsupported after a diagnosis that was unexpected. Qualitative analysis outlined a broad spectrum of parental concerns about the quality of information received, especially regarding the child’s future biopsychosocial needs. This study showed the need for more support for parents from frontline healthcare professionals and the need for a streamlined referral pathway.

Level of evidence: IV
Neuroimaging features of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia and major depressive disorder
Authors: Li Yu-Ting , Zhang Chi , Han Jia-Cheng , Shang Yu-Xuan , Chen Zhu-Hong , Cui Guang-Bin , Wang Wen
Published: May 2024

Cognitive dysfunctions are one of the key symptoms of schizophrenia (SZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD), which exist not only during the onset of diseases but also before the onset, even after the remission of psychiatric symptoms. With the development of neuroimaging techniques, these non-invasive approaches provide valuable insights into the underlying pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders and information of cognitive remediation interventions. This review synthesizes existing neuroimaging studies to examine domains of cognitive impairment, particularly processing speed, memory, attention, and executive function in SZ and MDD patients. First, white matter (WM) abnormalities are observed in processing speed deficits in both SZ and MDD, with distinct neuroimaging findings highlighting WM connectivity abnormalities in SZ and WM hyperintensity caused by small vessel disease in MDD. Additionally, the abnormal functions of prefrontal cortex and medial temporal lobe are found in both SZ and MDD patients during various memory tasks, while aberrant amygdala activity potentially contributes to a preference to negative memories in MDD. Furthermore, impaired large-scale networks including frontoparietal network, dorsal attention network, and ventral attention network are related to attention deficits, both in SZ and MDD patients. Finally, abnormal activity and volume of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and abnormal functional connections between the DLPFC and the cerebellum are associated with executive dysfunction in both SZ and MDD. Despite these insights, longitudinal neuroimaging studies are lacking, impeding a comprehensive understanding of cognitive changes and the development of early intervention strategies for SZ and MDD. Addressing this gap is critical for advancing our knowledge and improving patient prognosis.
Fungal infections in patients after recovering from COVID-19: a systematic review
Authors: Ulloque-Badaracco Juan R. , Copaja-Corzo Cesar , Hernandez-Bustamante Enrique A. , Cabrera-Guzmán Juan C. , Huayta-Cortez Miguel A. , Carballo-Tello Ximena L. , Seminario-Amez Rosa A. , Hueda-Zavaleta Miguel , Benites-Zapata Vicente A.
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:

The presence of fungal infections has been described in patients after recovering from COVID-19. This study aims to conduct a systematic review of studies that reported fungal infections ( Mucor spp., Pneumocystis jirovecii, or Aspergillus spp.) in adults after recovering from COVID-19.

Methods:

We performed a systematic review through PubMed, Web of Science, OVID-Medline, Embase, and Scopus. The study selection process was performed independently and by at least two authors. We performed a risk of bias assessment using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for cohort and case–control studies, and the Joanna Briggs Institute’s Checklists for Case Series and Case Reports.

Results:

The systematic search found 33 studies meeting all inclusion criteria. There was a total population of 774 participants, ranging from 21 to 87 years. From them, 746 developed a fungal infection. In 19 studies, Mucor spp. was reported as the main mycosis. In 10 studies, P. jirovecii was reported as the main mycosis. In seven studies, Aspergillus spp. was reported as the main mycosis. Regarding the quality assessment, 12 studies were classified as low risk of bias and the remaining studies as high risk of bias.

Conclusion:

Patients’ clinical presentation and prognosis after recovering from COVID-19 with fungal infection differ from those reported patients with acute COVID-19 infection and those without COVID-19 infection.
Understanding the Influence of Energy Productivity and Income on CO2 Emissions in Spain (1970–2017): A Non-Linear Structural Equations Model Approach
Authors: Cuerdo Mir Miguel , Luis Montes Botella José
Published: May 2024

This study examined the causal relations among per capita CO2 emissions, per capita income, non-fossil fuels electricity production, and energy productivity for the Spanish economy (1970–2017) using structural equation modeling with quadratic effects and introducing the fundamentals of the derived demand to formulate a novel approach. The relationships revealed statistical significance with a scale effect between income per capita and the level of per capita CO2 emissions. There is also a structural effect, dominated by a higher share of non-fossil fuel electricity production, and a technical effect associated with a reduction in energy intensity due to a sustained increase in capital formation and a policy of higher energy prices in the long term. Thus, climate change policies must be based on a sustained effort to modify the energy supply, in addition to an accumulation of capital stock and a sustained policy of keeping relative energy prices, at least in the transition phase to more environment-friendly energy production.
The Impact of Social Capital on College Students’ Entrepreneurial Behavior: A Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: Liang Bo , Xiong Yali , Yang Jin , Li Anya , Yang Yunqi
Published: May 2024

Entrepreneurial behavior has been substantially addressed in entrepreneurship literature, but the mechanisms by which social capital influences entrepreneurial behavior among college students remain unclear, especially the potential mediating and moderating interplay among them. Therefore, drawing on social capital theory and the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) model, this study proposed a moderated mediation model of social capital on entrepreneurial behavior. Sample data were collected via questionnaires from entrepreneurial team members participating in the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition in Southwest China. Results showed that (1) social capital has a positive impact on entrepreneurial behavior; (2) entrepreneurial passion partially mediates the relationship between social capital and entrepreneurial behavior; and (3) entrepreneurial risk perception positively moderates the relationship between entrepreneurial passion and behavior and thus enhances the mediating effect of entrepreneurial passion. This study provides insights into the internal mechanism of social capital on entrepreneurial behavior and also offers practical guidance for individuals, universities, and governments.
The Digital Strategies and Efficacy of Environmental Movements in Hong Kong
Authors: Skoric Marko M. , Zhang Nan , Xia Chuanli , Ling Richard
Published: May 2024

Does the adoption of digital media platforms affect the success of environmental movements? We address this question by using a representative sample of environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) from Hong Kong and examining the linkages between their digital media adoption and reach and their level of success. Guided by the agenda setting theory, we test whether the digital strategies are related to the shifts in the media and government agenda from 2007–2018. Our findings show that the adoption of digital media contributes to ENGOs’ own media visibility and specific issue salience in the news media agenda, and that the extent of digital reach of ENGOs is also associated with ENGOs’ visibility in the news media. Furthermore, although we find no direct relationships between the digital adoption and the government agenda, we argue that the legislative processes on biodiversity and green energy issues in Hong Kong suggest a pattern of mutually reinforcing interactions between the media agenda and the policy agenda. It is therefore likely that digital strategies contribute to policy changes indirectly, that is, by increasing issue salience in the local news media.
Turnover Intentions Among College Counselors in China: Examining Predictors and Their Mediating and Moderating Effects
Authors: Zhong Liang , Zhang Leiyun
Published: May 2024

The high attrition rate of college counselors in Chinese colleges has evolved into a social problem that is receiving an increasing amount of attention. The current study aims to investigate the link between organizational justice and organizational commitment on turnover intention and whether this effect is mediated by job satisfaction, drawing upon the framework of Social Exchange Theory. Meanwhile, whether the relationship between organizational justice and turnover intention is moderated by job embeddedness based on the Job Embeddedness Theory. Data gathered from 161 college counselors in China were analyzed using a structural equation model. The results showed significant relationship between organizational justice, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. Furthermore, job embeddedness plays a moderating role in the relationship between job embeddedness and turnover intention; specifically, the higher the degree of job embeddedness, the weaker the effect of organizational justice on turnover intention. Most importantly, it is confirmed that job satisfaction partially mediates the link between organizational justice, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. These outcomes contribute valuable new knowledge that can be employed to improve counselor retention in colleges. Meanwhile, the findings are examined in detail, and recommendations for future studies are provided.
Customer Responses to Airline Service Failure: Perspectives from Expectation Disconfirmation Theory
Authors: Hien Nguyen Ngoc , Long Nguyen Thanh , Liem Vo Tan , Luu Danh Xuan
Published: May 2024

Air service failures and negative customer reactions have been the subjects of increasing media attention in recent years. Drawing upon the expectation disconfirmation theory (EDT), this study investigates the impact of airline service failures on various negative emotions and negative behaviors of customers based on prior expectations and actual experiences after a service failure. The collected data was from 561 customers who experienced an air service failure within the past 6 months. The results show that, consistent with the EDT theory, prior expectations and actual experiences when an airline service failure occurs lead to disconfirmation, and this determines the negative emotions of customers. The results also show that, worry and frustration only lead to negative word-of-mouth intentions. Meanwhile, anger over an airline service failure will affect both complaints, negative word-of-mouth, and intention to switch to another airline. This study contributes by expanding and showcasing the applicability of the EDT theory to the domain of airline service failures.
Racialized Patterns in the Distribution of Congressional Pork: Implications for Postsecondary Equity and Organizational Transformation
Authors: McCambly Heather , Aguilar-Smith Stephanie
Published: May 2024

Troubled by the inequities in competitive grantmaking, we use critical quantitative methods to analyze the FY2023 federal academic earmarks as a potential mechanism for racialized change work. Specifically, we ask: To what extent does Congress distribute academic earmarks in ways that reinforce or weaken the racialized stratification of resources across organizations in the field? Accordingly, we identify distribution patterns of academic earmarks, considering the allocation of dollars and types of earmarks (i.e., general capacity-building versus specialized grants) across colleges and universities, between White-serving institutions and minority-serving institutions (MSIs), and among MSIs. Based on our analysis, Congress favored a racially reproductive funding portfolio, driven by smaller and more restrictive allocations, not fewer earmarks. However, the distribution of earmarks among MSIs defied normed expectations, as Congress did not privilege whiter, more prestigious MSIs, signaling the potential of pork-barrel politics for racially reparative work.
EnDovascular therapy plus best medical treatment (BMT) versus BMT alone for medIum distal veSsel occlusion sTroke (DISTAL): An international, multicentre, randomized-controlled, two-arm, assessor-blinded trial
Authors: Marios-Nikos Psychogios , Alex Brehm , Jens Fiehler , Isabel Fragata , Jan Gralla , Mira Katan , Ronen Leker , Paolo Machi , Marc Ribo , Jeffrey L Saver , Daniel Strbian , Adriaan van Es , Claus Zimmer , Nikki Rommers , Luzia Balmer , Urs Fischer
Published: May 2024

Rationale:

Whether endovascular therapy (EVT) in addition to best medical treatment (BMT) in people with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to a medium distal vessel occlusion (MDVO) is beneficial remains unclear.

Aim:

To determine if people experiencing an AIS due to an isolated MDVO (defined as the co- or non-dominant M2 segment, the M3 or M4 segment of the middle cerebral artery, the A1, A2, or A3 segment of the anterior cerebral artery or the P1, P2 or P3 segment of the posterior cerebral artery) will have superior outcome if treated with EVT in addition to BMT compared to BMT alone.

Sample size:

To randomize 526 participants 1:1 to EVT plus BMT or BMT alone.

Methods and design:

A multicentre, international, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint (PROBE) superiority trial.

Outcomes:

The primary efficacy endpoint is the distribution of disability levels on the modified Rankin Scale at 90 days. Secondary clinical efficacy outcomes include normalized change in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score from baseline to day 1, cognitive outcome at 90 days, and health-related quality of life at 90 days. Safety outcomes include all serious adverse events, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within 24 h, and all-cause mortality up to 90 days. Secondary imaging outcomes include successful reperfusion at end of EVT procedure and recanalization of target artery at 24 h.

Discussion:

DISTAL will inform physicians whether EVT in addition to BMT in people with AIS due to a MDVO is more efficacious than BMT alone.
Achieving sustainable development goals through common-good HRM: Context, approach and practice
Authors: Aust Ina , Cooke Fang Lee , Muller-Camen Michael , Wood Geoffrey
Published: May 2024

This introduction to the special issue Achieving Sustainable Development Goals through Common-Good HRM: Context, approach and practice draws the links between the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the concept of Common-Good HRM and the practice of human resource management (HRM) to extend intellectual and empirical insights into this important field. Particular attention is accorded to the collective social and environmental dimensions of SDGs and the place of HRM in contributing to the ‘common good’ within and beyond the workplace. Firms may create space and incentives for HRM to promote sustainability, or actively work to constrain meaningful action in this regard. This collection brings together a broad cross-section of articles dealing with the SDGs and HRM, identifying emerging common ground and contestation as a basis for future HRM theory building, empirical enquiry and practice.