bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Algorithms for Liver Segmentation in Computed Tomography Scans: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Niño Stephanie Batista , Bernardino Jorge , Domingues Inês
Published: February 2024

Oncology has emerged as a crucial field of study and treatment in the domain of medicine. Computed tomography has gained widespread adoption as a radiological modality for the identification and characterisation of pathologies, particularly in oncology, enabling precise identification of affected organs and tissues. However, achieving accurate liver segmentation in computed tomography scans remains a challenge due to the presence of artefacts and the varying densities of soft tissues and adjacent organs. This paper compares artificial intelligence algorithms and traditional medical image processing techniques to assist radiologists in liver segmentation on computed tomography scans, and evaluates their accuracy and efficiency. It is noteworthy that although studies have been conducted on liver segmentation in computed tomography scans, they often lack an intuitive and visual component that allows healthcare professionals to manipulate and observe the results obtained, thereby limiting interaction with the outcomes. From the literature review, challenges such as under-segmentation, over-segmentation, and poor boundary detection, as well as the selection of methods to improve the accuracy and efficiency of liver segmentation in computed tomography scanners, are highlighted as needs to be addressed. The importance of future research in understanding the essential features for the study, generating more datasets, improving segmentation efficiency, and developing lightweight artificial intelligence frameworks for liver segmentation is outlined.
Understanding Atomic Mass Unit, Avogadro Number, Atomic Radii and Electrochemical Equivalents with 4G Model of Final Unification
Authors: Seshavatharam U.V.S , Lakshminarayana S.
Published: February 2024

Based on three assumptions of our 4G model of final unification, we have developed simple logics for estimating the unified atomic mass unit, atomic electrochemical equivalents, Faraday constant and Avogadro number. We appeal the science community to review the following points. 1) Unified atomic mass or energy unit can be considered as ‘average rest energy of nucleons minus average binding energy per nucleon of all atomic nuclides plus electron rest energy’. 2) Electrochemical equivalent of any atomic ion is nothing but the ratio of its mass to its charge. 3) Faraday charge is nothing but the ratio of elementary charge to unified atomic mass unit. 4) Faraday mass can be considered as the inverse of Faraday charge. 5) Avogadro number is nothing but the inverse of unified atomic mass unit. 6) Number of atoms per kg can be called as Kg-mole and number of atoms per gram can be called as gram-mole. Following our 4G model, starting form A=5 to 340, for isobars, ‘average binding energy per nucleon’ having maximum binding energy can be estimated with a simple relation of the form, BE/A=A-1[1-(0.5+0.000935A2)-A1/3]10.1MeV. It needs a review and fine tuning.
Review into the Insights of the Immune System and Genome of the Marsupials. A Case Presentation of a West Indian Opossum (Didelphis marsupialis) with Leukopenia and Bacterial Infections.
Authors: Vaillant Angel , Soodeen Sachin , Gopaul Darren , Arozarena-Fundora Rodolfo
Published: February 2024

Opossums, native to the Americas, are unique marsupials with over 100 species. The Common Opossum and Virginia Opossum are notable species. They are nocturnal, omnivorous, and adapt to various habitats. Their reproduction involves a short gestation and marsupial pouch development. Despite their ecological benefits like seed dispersal and insect control, their proximity to human habitats exposes them to pathogens, posing public health risks. These include protozoa, helminths, and arthropods that can spread zoonotic parasites and vector-borne diseases. The marsupial immune system, including opossums, is complex, rivaling eutherian mammals. Key immune genes were identified in the grey short-tailed opossum genome. CD1 protein and VpreB surrogate light chain were also found. Marsupials are proposed as ideal models for studying developmental immunology. A West Indian opossum (Didelphis marsupialis) was found and examined. Blood tests revealed abnormalities, including a low white blood cell count and signs of anemia. The results contribute to understanding the species’ health and adaptability in the wild.
Identification and Characterization of AREB/ABF Gene Family in Three Orchid Species and Functional Analysis of DcaABI5 in Arabidopsis
Authors: Xie Xi , Lin Miaoyan , Xiao Gengsheng , Wang Qin , Li Zhiyong
Published: February 2024

The AREB/ABF (ABA response element binding) proteins in plants are vital for plant stress responses, but the understanding of AREB/ABFs in orchid species, an important traditional medicinal and ornamental plants, is limited. Here, twelve AREB/ABF genes were identified within three orchids’ complete genome and classified into three groups (groups I, II, and III) via a phylogenetic analysis, which was further supported by the analysis of their conserved motifs and gene structures. The cis-elements analysis showed that hormone response elements followed by light and stress responses were widely rich in AREB/ABFs. A prediction analysis of orchid ABRE/ABF-mediated regulatory network was further constructed through cis-regulatory elements (CREs) analysis of their promoter regions and revealed that several transcriptional factor (TF) gene family were abundant as the potential regulators for orchid AREB/ABFs. Expression profile analysis based on public transcriptomic data showed that most AREB/ABF genes have distinct tissue-specific expression patterns in orchid plants. Additionally, DcaABI5 as the homolog of ABA INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5) from Arabidopsis was selected for further analysis. The results showed that Arabidopsis transgenic overexpressing DcaABI5 could rescue the ABA insensitive phenotype in the mutant abi5. Collectively, these findings will provide valuable information on AREB/ABF genes in orchids.
A Preliminary Investigation on the Water- and Acetone-Based Solvolysis Recycling Process for CFRPs
Authors: Vogiantzi Christina , Tserpes Konstantinos
Published: February 2024

Composites, and especially carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs), are increasingly used in the automotive, aerospace, and aviation industries, and as a result, CFRP production has increased dramatically, leading to a corresponding increase of waste. Landfill and incineration of waste are likely to be restricted as a result of the legislation, thus highlighting the need for efficient recycling methods for CFRPs. However, the recycling of CFRP is very challenging, mainly due to the difficulty of removing the thermosetting matrix. This study reports a pre-screening of the solvolysis recycling process for CFRPs based on the mechanical properties of the recovered fibers. To this end, solvolysis tests were conducted on unidirectional CFRP samples under supercritical and subcritical conditions using acetone and water. The solvolysis tests were conducted for various conditions of temperature, pressure, and reaction time. The efficiency of the recycling processes has been evaluated through a morphological and a mechanical characterization of the recovered fibers. In most cases, the decomposition efficiency of the epoxy resin, measured in terms of mass, ranged between 90 and 100%. Moreover, the scanning electron microscopy images of the recovered fibers showed negligible traces of resin residues and no detectable signs of physical damage or any changes in morphology with regard to diameter. Finally, the single-fiber tension tests revealed that that the recovered fibers retained more than 61% of their initial Young's modulus and 70% of their tensile strength.
Fatigue Performance and Interfacial Strengthening Mechanism in Al/Cu Dissimilar Lap Joints via Electromagnetic Pulse Welding
Authors: Yan Yunqi , She Xinwei , Ran Yang , Peng He , Zhang Ruihao , Wang Puquan , Jiang Xianquan
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to investigate the fatigue performance and interfacial strengthening mechanisms of Al6061-to-Cu dissimilar lap joints via electromagnetic pulse welding (EMPW). The load-bearing capacity of the joints at discharge voltages of 14 kV and 16 kV was superior to that of 12 kV. Furthermore, the fatigue life of the 14 kV joints was one order of magnitude higher compared to the 12 kV joints. SEM observation of the fatigue fracture surface revealed the presence of typical "tire-mark" fatigue striations only in the 14 kV joint, indicating higher ductility and the ability to withstand extended plastic deformation. Notably, ultra-fine nanocrystalline Al2Cu phase, amorphous phase, and numerous dislocations hindered EBSD acquisition in the transition zone. Nevertheless, dense low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) and refined grains were examined at the bonding interface. This suggests that the high-velocity collision caused severe plastic deformation and led to the formation of substructures. The interfacial strength was attributed not only to the "wave-like" or "inverted hook-like" diffusion layer but also to the presence of refined grains along the interface and nanocrystalline Al2Cu in the transition zone. Furthermore, the hybrid nanocrystalline-amorphous microstructure strengthened the joint by regulating the balance between strength and ductility.
Magnetic Black Hole Thermodynamics in an Extended Phase Space with Nonlinear Electrodynamics
Authors: Kruglov Sergey Il'ich
Published: February 2024

We study Einstein's gravity coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics with two parameters in Anti-de Sitter spacetime. Magnetically charged black holes in an extended phase space is investigated. We obtain the mass and metric functions, their asymptotic and corrections to the Reissner--Nordstr\"{o}m metric function. The first law of black hole thermodynamics in extended phase space is formulated and the magnetic potential and the thermodynamic conjugate to the coupling are obtained. We proved the generalized Smarr relation. The heat
capacity and the Gibbs free energy are computed and phase transitions are studied. It was shown that the electric field of charged objects at the origin and electrostatic self-energy are finite within the nonlinear electrodynamics proposed.
Predicting Surface Roughness in Turning Complex-Tructured Workpieces Using Vibration Signal-Based Gaussian Process Regression
Authors: Chen Jianyong , Lin Jiayao , Zhang Ming , Lin Qizhe
Published: February 2024

Surface roughness prediction is a pivotal aspect of the manufacturing industry, as it directly influences product quality and process optimization. This study introduces a predictive model for surface roughness in the turning of complex-structured workpieces, utilizing Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) informed by vibration signals. The model captures parameters from both the time and frequency domains of the turning tool, encompassing the mean, median, standard deviation (STD), and root mean square (RMS) values. The signal is from the time to frequency domain is executed using Welch's method, complemented by time-frequency domain analysis employing three levels of Daubechies Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT). The selected features are then utilized as inputs for the GPR model to forecast surface roughness. Empirical evidence indicates that the GPR model can accurately predict the surface roughness of turned complex-structured workpieces. This predictive strategy has the potential to improve product quality, streamline manufacturing processes, and minimize waste within the industry.
Anatomical Characteristics of Tapped Styrax sumatrana Wood Grown in North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Darwis Atmawi , Purusatama Byantara Darsan , Iswanto Apri Heri , Kim Nam Hun , Hartono Rudi , Susilowati Arida
Published: February 2024

This study investigated the anatomical characteristics and pulp quality of tapped Styrax sumatrana wood to facilitate its further utilization. The transverse surface of the tapped S. sumatrana was light or greyish brown in the sapwood and reddish brown in the heartwood. The resin canals of the tapped wood were formed along the growth rings at the boundaries between the heartwood and sapwood. Furthermore, microscopic analyses revealed an irregular outline and rounded epithelial cells at the edges of the intercellular traumatic resin canal (TC). Approximately 8–16 epithelial cells surrounded the resin canals. The fibers in the tapped S. sumatrana were generally thin-walled, whereas those near the TC were thick-walled. Moreover, S. sumatrana were diffuse-porous and exhibited intermediately distinct or indistinct growth ring boundaries. The vessels were mainly in radial multiples and clusters of 3–5. In addition, they showed a diagonal-to-radial pattern arrangement and a few tangential bands. Deposits were observed in some vessels in the tapped part but were absent in the untapped part. The fiber length of the tapped S. sumatrana wood was classified as moderate to extensive and categorized as 2nd grade pulp quality. Finally, the cell walls were classified as thin to moderate.
Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Perinatal Outcomes of Velamentous Umbilical Cord Insertion in Twin Pregnancies: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Somiya Ayaho , Tsuda Hiroyuki , Tsugeno Eri , Nakamura Yumi , Kuroyanagi Masafumi , Araki Hajime , Masahashi Yoshiki , Suzuki Miho , Fukuhara Nobuhiko , Ito Yumiko , Tezuka Atsuko , Ando Tomoko , Mizuno Kimio
Published: February 2024

Background: The effect of velamentous cord insertion (VCI) on perinatal outcomes in twin pregnancies is unclear due to conflicting findings. This retrospective study aimed to examine VCI prevalence and related risk factors in twin pregnancies and its association with adverse perinatal outcomes. Methods: Women with twin pregnancies who delivered between January 2012 and December 2021 in a single tertiary hospital were included. The participants were divided into dichorionic (DC) and monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) groups, and their maternal and fetal characteristics and VCI rates were compared. Logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors for VCI and VCI-related perinatal outcomes. Results: Among the 694 twin pregnancies included in this study, the VCI rate was significantly higher in MCDA than in DC twins. Body mass index and MCDA twins were significant risk factors for VCI, whereas assisted reproductive technology pregnancy was a significant protective factor against VCI. In DC twins, VCI did not affect perinatal outcomes. Conclusion: In MCDA twins, VCI was a significant risk factor for fetal growth restriction, twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, and preterm birth at
The Dry Extracts of Matricaria discoidea DC. Herb with Analgesic and Soporific Activity: Phytochemical, Pharmacological and Molecular Docking Research
Authors: Sepp Janne , Koshovyi Oleh , Jakštas Valdas , Žvikas Vaidotas , Botsula Iryna , Kireyev Igor , Severina Hanna I. , Kukhtenko Oleksandr , Põhako-Palu Kaisa , Kogermann Karin , Heinämäki Jyrki , Raal Ain
Published: February 2024

Pineapple weed (Matricaria discoidea DC.) is a widely spread plant in Europe and North America. In ethnomedicine, it is well known for its anti-inflammatory and spasmolytic activity. The aim of the research was to develop novel methods of M. discoidea herb complex processing for creating the essential oil and the dry extracts and to investigate their phytochemical composition. Moreo-ver, the molecular docking of main substances and in vivo their soporific and analgesic activity were studied. The essential oil and two dry extracts from M. discoidea were prepared. Total 16 phenolic compounds (7 flavonoids, 7 hydroxycinnamic, 2 phenolic acids) in the dry extracts were identified by means of UPLC-MS/MS. In the essential oil 9 main terpenoids were identified by gas chromatography (GC). We showed that the phenolics extraction from the present herb was successful by using 70% ethanol in a triple extraction and in the range of 1:14-1:16. The in-vivo studies with rodents showed analgesic activity of M. discoidea extracts and the improvements in the sleep of animals. The dry extracts of M. discoidea herb did not show any toxicity. The molecular docking showed the high probability of COX-1,2 inhibition and NMDA receptor antagonism induced by the extracts.
Therapeutic Potential of Clusterin Inhibition in Human Cancer
Authors: Martín-García Desirée , García-Aranda Marilina , Redondo Maximino
Published: February 2024

Clusterin (CLU) protein is involved in various pathophysiological processes including carcinogenesis and tumor progression. In recent years, the role of the secretory isoform has been demonstrated in tumor cells, where it inhibits apoptosis and favors the acquisition of resistance to conventional treatments used to treat cancer. To determine the possible therapeutic potential of inhibiting this protein, numerous studies have been carried out in this field. In this paper, we show the existing knowledge on the inhibition of this protein in different types of cancer and discuss the importance it could have in the development of new therapies directed against this pathology.
Objective Assessment of Equine Locomotor Symmetry using Inertial Sensors System and Artificial Intelligence: A Comparative Study
Authors: Calle-González Natalie , Lo Feudo Chiara Maria , Ferrucci Francesco , Requena Francisco , Stucchi Luca , Muñoz Ana
Published: February 2024

In horses, quantitative assessment of gait parameters, as the use of inertial measurement
units system (IMUs), might help in the decision-making process. However, it requires financial investment, is time-consuming, and lacks accuracy if displaced. An innovative Artificial Intelligence marker-less Motion Tracking System (AI-MTS) may overcome these limitations in the field. Our aim was to compare the level of agreement and accuracy between both systems and visual clinical assessment. Twenty horses underwent locomotion analysis by visual assessment, IMUs and AI- MTS systems, in the following conditions: straight hard (SH), straight soft (SS), left and right circle hard (LCH, RCH) and soft (LCS, RCS). A greater number of horses were considered sound by clinical examination, compared to those identified as symmetric by the two gait analysis systems. More limbs were considered asymmetric by the AI-MTS compared to IMUs, suggesting its greater sensitivity. The greatest agreement between the two systems was found for the difference between two minima in vertical head position in SH, while the lowest for the difference between two minima in vertical pelvis position in SS, reflecting the difficulties in assessing asymmetry of hindlimbs. Some degree of asymmetry may be clinically relevant, suggesting its regular use in training horses.
Heterometallic Rare-Earth Complexes: A Review on Magnetism, Catalysis and Transformation to Nanomaterials
Authors: Petrus Rafał , Kowaliński Adrian
Published: February 2024

Heterometallic rare-earth clusters have garnered much attention because of their interest-ing solid-state structures and versatile applications in catalysis and material and polymer chemistry over the last four decades. Particular interest is rare earth–transition metal co-ordination compounds that behave as single-molecule magnets (SMMs) because of their potential use in information storage, spintronic devices, and magnetic refrigeration sys-tems. Another implementation involves using lanthanide clusters in luminescent-based sensing for environmental protection and security screening or in photocatalytic energy conversion reactions. Heterometallic rare earth complexes offer the promise of catalytic performance of many organic reactions due to their high oxygenophilicity, Lewis acidity, high coordination numbers, and ability to change the coordination environment quickly. Therefore, they are commonly applied as catalysts in asymmetric synthesis, oxidation re-actions, and CO2 conversions or as initiators in ring-opening polymerization and copoly-merization of cyclic monomers. They are also attractive single-source molecular precur-sors for functional inorganic materials. This review focused on the unique features and properties of the heterometallic rare earth complexes, which are closely correlated with their molecular structure. Our summary is a valuable resource, providing researchers with an insightful exploration of the heterometallic rare-earth complexes that demonstrated multimetallic synergy and cooperativity effects in various applications.
Restricted Singular Value Decomposition for a Tensor Triplet under T-product and Its Applications
Authors: Zhang Chong-Quan , Wang Qing-Wen , Wang Xiang-Xiang , He Zhuo-Heng
Published: February 2024

We investigate and discuss in detail the structure of the restricted singular value decomposition for a tensor triplet under t-product (T-RSVD). The algorithm is provided with a numerical example illustrating the main result. For applications, we consider color image watermarking processing with T-RSVD.
Data Descriptor of Snakebites in Brazil from 2007 to 2020
Authors: Silva-Neto Alexandre Vilhena , Mouta Gabriel , Da Silva Balieiro Antônio Alcirley , Cordeiro Jady Shayenne Mota , Baleiro Patricia , Ramos Tatyana Costa Amorim , Baia Djane , Endo Patricia Takako , Lynn Theo , Monteiro Wuelton M. , Sampaio Vanderson de Souza
Published: February 2024

Snakebite envenomations (SBE) are a significant global public health threat due to their morbidi-ty and mortality. It is a neglected public health issue in many tropical and subtropical countries. Brazil is in the top ten countries affected by SBE, with 32,160 cases reported in Brazil only in 2020, posing a high burden for this population. We describe the data structure of the Snakebite data on Notifiable Disease Information System (SINAN) made available by the Brazilian Minis-try of Health from 2007 to 2020. In addition, we also provide R scripts that allow a quick and automatic updating of data from the SINAN according to its availability. The data presented in this work is related to clinical and demographic information of SBE cases. Also, data on out-comes, laboratory results, and treatment is available. The database is available and freely acces-sible; however, preprocessing, adjustments, and standardization are necessary due to incom-pleteness and inconsistencies. Regardless of these limitations, it provides a solid basis for as-sessing different aspects and the national burden of envenoming.
Plant-Based Diets in Children: Secular Trends, Associations with Health Outcomes, and a Roadmap for Urgent Practice Recommendations and Research
Authors: Desmond Małgorzata Agnieszka , Fewtrell Mary , Wells Jonathan CK
Published: February 2024

People are increasingly encouraged to reduce animal food consumption and shift towards plant-based diets, however the implications for children’s health are unclear. In this narrative review of research in high-income settings, we summarize evidence on the increasing consump-tion of plant-based diets in children, and update an earlier systematic review regarding their associations with children’s health outcomes. The evidence indicates that vegan but not vege-tarian diets can restrict growth relative to omnivorous children, and increase the risk of being stunted and underweight although the percentage affected is relatively small. Bone mineral content is reduced in vegetarian and especially vegan children, compared to omnivores. Both vegetarian and vegan children who do not use vitamin B12 supplements manifest with B12 defi-ciency, however supplementation rectifies this problem. Both vegetarians and vegans have lower concentrations of 25 (OH)D if unsupplemented, and lower body iron stores, but usually have normal iron metabolism markers. Both groups are at risk of iodine deficiency and this might affect thyroid health. Children consuming a vegan diet have more favorable lipid profile than omniv-orous children, however the results for vegetarian diet are inconsistent and vary by outcome. Based on the same scientific evidence, national and international dietary recommendations are heterogeneous, with some countries supporting plant-based diets among infants, children and adolescents, and others discouraging them. We offer a research roadmap, highlighting what is needed to provide adequate evidence to harmonize dietary recommendations for plant-based diets in children. A number of measures should urgently be introduced at international and na-tional levels to improve the safety of their use in children.
The Value of Evidence Synthesis in Animal Sciences: A Discussion and Call to Action
Authors: Whittaker Alex , Aromataris Edoardo Aromataris , Ankeny Rachel , Rem Jessen Lisbeth , Scahill Karolina , Brennan Marnie , Chousalkar Kapil , Munn Zachary , Barker Timothy
Published: February 2024

Population growth, climate change, changes to land use, and the advent of emerging infectious disease agents has put our abilities to feed the growing global population at risk, which is of particular concern in low- or middle-income countries. Research to improve the profitability and sustainability of common livestock production systems is key to tackling this issue. However, despite considerable research investment to address this concern, there has been no attention to development of robust methodologies for the synthesis of existing research evidence and its re-use. Syntheses of evidence are critical for fostering best practices, minimising wastage of valuable research resources, and enabling informed decision and policy making. Whilst the use of evidence syntheses is well entrenched in human healthcare, their use within animal sciences is limited and specific methodologies for performing them are underdeveloped. In this call to action, we propose some methodological development activities that should be undertaken within this field of research to increase the potential of evidence syntheses to contribute to tackling pressing societal issues relating to livestock agriculture.
Responses of Geomorphic Indices to the Northward Migration of the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis
Authors: Pan Xuemin , Shen Xiaoming , He Zhiyuan , Yuan Xiaoping , Ge Yukui , Wu Xiong , Jia Yingying , Tang Xiudang
Published: February 2024

The Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis (EHS), featured by an exceptionally intense compression orogeny and an extremely rapid surface erosion rate, stands out as a prime area for investigating surface processes and landscape evolution. Understanding the formation of the EHS holds significant importance in advancing our comprehension of the evolutionary dynamics within the Tibetan Plateau and the complex interplay between endogenic and exogenic geological processes. Currently, two models, namely the tectonic aneurysm and the syntaxis expansion model, have been proposed to explain the formation and evolution of this syntaxis. In this study, we employ a multi-disciplinary approach, integrating geomorphic indices such as slope, relief, Hypsometric Integral (HI), Normalized Channel Steepness (Ksn), River Slope-Basin Area Integration (χ), combined with erosion rates on long-medium-short term timescales obtained from thermochronology, cosmogenic nuclides 10Be and landslide disaster probability data. Our findings suggest a relatively high tectonic activity in the confluence of the Yigong and Parlung Rivers in the northern end of the syntaxis. Moreover, our data reveals that spatial variability of tectonic activity is the primary driver of regional geomorphologic features and the spatial-temporal characteristics of erosion observed in the EHS, with lithology and climatic precipitation playing a lesser role. Furthermore, the northwards migration of the EHS appears to elucidate the shift of tectonic activity and rapid erosion from the core of the syntaxis near the Namche Barwa towards the confluence of the Yigong and Parlung Rivers. This northwards migration of the EHS underscores the need for increased attention to the high geological hazard risk in the northern part of the EHS.
Vascular Heparan Sulfate and Amyloid-β in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients
Authors: McMillan Ilayda Ozsan , Gearing Marla , Wang Lianchun
Published: February 2024

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) within the cerebral parenchyma and vasculature, the latter termed cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). This study utilized confocal imaging to investigate heparan sulfate (HS) within the cerebrovasculature and its potential associations with CAA, gender, and ApoE4 genotype. Our investigation revealed elevated levels of HS in the cerebrovasculature of AD patients with severe CAA. Additionally, these patients exhibited higher colocalization of HS with Aβ in the cerebrovasculature, including both endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell compartments. Intriguingly, a reversal in the polarized expression of HS within the cerebral vasculature was detected in AD patients with severe CAA, suggesting a potential role in CAA development. Furthermore, male patients exhibited lower levels of both parenchymal and cerebrovascular HS. Additionally, ApoE4 carriers displayed heightened cerebrovascular Aβ expression and a tendency of elevated cerebrovascular HS levels in AD patients with severe CAA. Overall, these findings shed light on the intricate interplay between HS, Aβ, ApoE, and vascular pathology in AD, underscoring the potential roles of cerebrovascular HS in CAA development and AD pathology. Further exploring the underlying mechanisms may present novel therapeutic avenues for AD treatment.
Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with States of Charging Stations
Authors: Kim Gitae
Published: February 2024

This paper proposes an electric vehicle routing problem with considering states of charging stations and suggests solution strategies. Charging of electric vehicles is a main issue in the field of electric vehicle routing problem. There are many studies to find locations of charging stations, recharging functions for batteries of vehicles, and so on. However, states of charging stations significantly affect the routes of electric vehicles, which is not much explored. The states may include open or close of charging stations, occupied or empty of charging slots, and so on. This paper investigates how the states of charging stations are estimated and routing strategies are determined. We formulate a mixed integer programming model and suggest how to solve the problem with exact method. Numerical examples provide the optimal routing strategies of electric vehicles in the changing environments of the states of charging stations.
The Influence of Consumption Values on the Environmental Attitudes and Organic Purchase Intentions of Millennials: A Quantitative Study Using Structural Equation Modeling in Peru
Authors: Hoyos-Vallejo Carlos Arturo , Ortiz-Regalado Oscar , Carrión-Bósquez Nelson Geovany
Published: February 2024

The present research aimed to identify if consumption values influence the attitudes of Millennials who intend to purchase organic products. The research was quantitative, with a correlational scope and a cross-sectional design, and it was conducted on 509 Peruvian millennials. A questionnaire consisting of 23 questions was administered, and responses were quantified using a five-point Likert scale. The results were processed through an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences 24 and AMOS 24. The study identified that environmental attitudes of Millennials do influence their intentions to purchase organic products, and the antecedents of these attitudes are functional and social values, whereas emotional, conditional, and epistemic values do not. The study confirmed that consumption values, either as a second-order variable or as a single construct, do not influence the attitudes of Millennials who intend to purchase organic products, thus confirming that these dimensions should be measured independently.
Plan de negocios para la producción y comercialización de snack saludable para perros - Zukomidita
Authors:   , Oceda Dueñas Rosa Angelica , Felices Suarez Guisel Alejandra , Siancas Zapata Cruz Rocio , Solari Rouco German , Tipacti Muga Juan Carlos
Published: February 2024

Este proyecto de investigación consiste en un plan de emprendimiento destinado a la fabricación y venta de aperitivos saludables para perros. Se trata de una empresa innovadora que aspira a transformar la industria de los snacks al ofrecer productos saludables y de alta calidad. Zukomidita proporcionará una gama de aperitivos nutritivos elaborados con ingredientes de primera categoría, sin la presencia de aditivos químicos ni conservantes. Los productos abarcarán una diversidad de sabores y tamaños para atender las necesidades alimenticias de perros de todas las edades y dimensiones. El mercado objetivo abarca a dueños de perros que buscan alternativas de snacks saludables y conscientes de la nutrición para sus mascotas. Esto incluye a consumidores preocupados por la salud de perros jóvenes y activos, así como por aquellos con perros mayores o con necesidades dietéticas específicas. Además, nos dirigimos a tiendas de mascotas, veterinarias y cadenas de supermercados como principales canales de distribución. Asimismo, la estrategia de ventas se centrará en la creación de una fuerte presencia en línea a través de nuestra plataforma de comercio electrónico y redes sociales. Con lo que se busca establecer alianzas estratégicas con tiendas de mascotas y veterinarios para garantizar una distribución efectiva y una amplia visibilidad de la marca. Zukomidita planea realizar inversiones clave en investigación y desarrollo, adquisición de maquinaria y equipos de producción, así como campañas de marketing iniciales. La empresa proyecta un crecimiento constante durante los primeros tres años y prevé alcanzar el punto de equilibrio en el segundo año de operación.
Evaluación de la eficacia de los residuos de cacao en la remoción de cadmio en agua por adsorción
Authors:   , Milla Luna Deyanira
Published: February 2024

Una alternativa de solución frente a la contaminación de metales pesados en el agua constituye el uso de adsorbentes a partir de residuos agroindustriales, el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la eficacia de la cáscara de cacao activada con tres tratamientos: térmicos (TT), químico (TQ) y control (TC), para la remoción de cadmio en agua. Para ello se realizó la caracterización química de la cáscara de cacao que posteriormente fue activada y nuevamente caracterizada mediante análisis físicos (dispersión de rayos X – EDX, grupos funcionales por FTIR, granulometría) y análisis fisicoquímico (densidad aparente, densidad real, porosidad y rendimiento). Luego se realizó la evaluación de la eficacia de los residuos de cacao activados para cada tratamiento (TT, TQ y TC). Finalmente, se evaluó el efecto tiempo de contacto de los residuos de cacao activados en la remoción de cadmio mediante la Cinética de Adsorción. Las características químicas encontrados en la cáscara de cacao mostraron buenas propiedades como adsorbente, sin embargo, la porosidad, la homogeneidad de los poros, la presencia de grupos alifáticos y aromáticos producidos en el tratamiento térmico resultó más eficaz para la adsorción de cadmio (92,7%). La cinética de adsorción del tratamiento térmico se ajustó a los modelos cinéticos de pseudo- segundo orden, Elovich y difusión intraparticular, donde los mecanismos de adsorción estarían determinados por una adsorción química, física y de difusión en la estructura interna de los poros.
Flexible Dissolving Microneedle Array for Efficient DNA Vaccination by Electroporation-assisted Transdermal Immunization
Authors: Zhao Huiting , Wang Xu , Ma Tianjiao , Geng Zhanhui
Published: February 2024

DNA vaccination has emerged as an innovative approach for preventing and treating different diseases, including infectious diseases, cancers and autoimmune diseases. Although the results of ongoing clinical trials are promising, several limitations compromise the immunogenicity of these vaccines. Here, we presented a novel immune strategy that combined intradermal immunization with skin electroporation to enhance the immunogenicity of the DNA vaccine. A flexible dissolving microneedle array (FDMNA) was developed, comprising 400 pyramidal microneedles. The microneedle array included dissolving needles for delivering DNA vaccine and a flexible needle substrate for good tissue surface coverage. The FDMNA was completely dissolved within 10 minutes after being inserted into the skin and transported the DNA into the immune-cell-rich epidermis and dermis layer. In vivo immunogenicity test was performed to observe the ability of FDMNA-mediated intradermal electroporation to induce immune response. The electroporation voltage, pulse number and pulse duration were 100 V, 6 pulses and 50 ms, respectively. The result showed that, compared with the intramuscular vaccination, the FDMNA induced higher levels of antibody immune response against ovalbumin in mice. These findings demonstrated the potential utility of a Flexible Dissolving Microneedle Array(FDMNA)-based immune strategy for enhanced DNA vaccination.
Effective radiation dose reduction in total body PET/CT while improving diagnostic value
Authors: Chai Leiying , Cheng Zhaoping , Duan Yanhua , Xu Jiwei , Jing Yudong , Cui Xiao , Li Hui , Li Kun
Published: February 2024

Background
18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) combined with computed tomography (CT) has become an indispensable imaging modality in clinical practice. However, the extent of radiation exposure patients receive with an effective radiation dose has always been a concern of radiological protection. The aim of the current study was to estimate the effective doses in total-body PET/CT scans that reasonably reduced the internal radiation-absorbed dose from PET and effectively controlled the external radiation-absorbed dose from CT.
Methods
Patient doses were calculated, including internal radiation-absorbed dose from PET and external radiation-absorbed dose from CT, using a total-body PET/CT scanner.
Results
The results showed an average radiation dose of 2.43 ± 0.36 mSv and 13.08 ± 1.37 mSv for the PET and CT components, respectively, resulting in a total dose of 15.51 ± 1.71 mSv. The diagnostic CT scan protocols contributed 84% of the overall effective radiation doses, which was larger than the percentage contributed by the PET component (16%).
Conclusions
The injection dose was 1.85 MBq/kg, which was decreased to 1/3 that of conventional activity (5.55 MBq/kg). Reducing the diagnostic dose using the technology of automatic exposure control (AEC) will be helpful in decreasing the effective radiation doses of PET/CT scan.
Exploring the Pharmacological Action Mechanism of Chamomile Essential Oil on the Treatment of Breast Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology
Authors: Maitisha Guzhalinuer , Zhou Junhao , Zhao Youyun , Liu Guangzhong , Zhao Yan , Zheng Yi , Li Ling , Han Shuxia , Peng Li , Abliz Ablikim
Published: February 2024

Background
Chamomile essential oil (CEO) can be beneficial in cancer therapy. The aim of the current research is to explore the underlying mechanism of CEO for breast cancer treatment by network pharmacology approach and evaluate its anti-breast cancer capacity in vitro.
Methods
We extracted CEO from chamomile flowers and analyzed its chemical components by using GC-MS/MS. Network pharmacology method was employed to screen the active components, potential targets and possible mechanism of CEO for breast cancer treatment. The molecular docking was used to validated the results of network pharmacology. Cell viability, apoptosis and cell cycle assay were used to assess anti-breast cancer effect of CEO.
Results
In network pharmacology analysis, we found the 12 effective components and 265 drug-disease common targets of CEO and among them, five active components and 19 targets were determined as the therapeutic targets of breast cancer. GO results demonstrated that the potenributetial targets of CEO were primarily participated in positive regulation of MAPK cascade, distd in membrane raft and the molecular functions were associated with protein serine-threonine-tyrosine kinase activity. KEGG pathway analysis suggested that the potential targets mainly involved in PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, MAPK signaling pathway and calcium signaling pathway. Molecular docking analysis revealed that LYN, LCK, VGFR, MAPK11, MAPK14, PTK2, JAK1, NR3C1 and ESR1 have shown higher affinity with three components from CEO and suggesting that these compounds might be the most effective ingredients against breast cancer. Besides, we found that CEO treatment suppressed cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest in breast cancer cell lines.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that CEO inhibit proliferation of breast cancer cell lines through modulating those multi-pathways and multi-targets. The present study not only indicate the therapeutic potential of CEO for breast cancer, but also provide valuable insight into its mechanism of action.
Adenocarcinoma originating in the anterior mediastinum diagnosed by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial cryobiopsy: A case report
Authors: Tsuchida Hiroyuki , Matsumoto Yuji , Furuse Hideaki , Tsuchida Takaaki
Published: February 2024

Background
Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial cryobiopsy (EBUS-cryobiopsy) is advantageous for collecting larger specimens with minimal crushing; however, it has not been widely used for mediastinal tumors.
Case presentation:
A 73-year-old woman with a history of left breast cancer underwent surgery, followed by radiotherapy. Computed tomography showed a mass in the anterior mediastinum that was in extensive contact with the sternum on the ventral side and partly with the trachea on the dorsal side. Two computed tomography-guided needle biopsies (CTNBs) were performed on the mass; however, a definitive diagnosis was not made because of severe crush artifacts. Subsequently, we performed EBUS-cryobiopsy and safely obtained sufficient specimen volume with minimal crushing. The histopathological diagnosis was adenocarcinoma, with immunobiological features distinct from those of previous breast cancers. Her overall diagnosis was a rare tumor originating in the anterior mediastinum.
Conclusions
EBUS-cryobiopsy can be safely performed in narrow areas surrounded by major blood vessels, and the obtained specimens may be superior to CTNBs for histopathological diagnosis.
Indoor residual spraying of experimental huts in Cameroon highlights the potential of Fludora® Fusion to control wild pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors
Authors: Thiomela Riccado F. , Tchouakui Magellan , Menze Benjamin D. , Nchoutpouen Elysee , Ngongang-Yipmo Emilie S. , Wood Oliver , Horstmann Sebastian , Mahob Raymond J. , Fomena Abraham , Wondji Charles S.
Published: February 2024

Elevated resistance to pyrethroids has led to the introduction of novel insecticides including neonicotinoids. However, the efficacy of these new control products could be impacted by cross-resistance mechanisms from metabolic resistance to pyrethroids. In this study, after evaluating the resistance to clothianidin and mixture of clothianidin+deltamethrin in the lab using CDC bottle assays, the efficacy of the new IRS formulation Fludora® Fusion IRS was tested in the experimental huts against wild free-flying pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles funestus in Elende and field An. gambiae from Nkolondom, Cameroon. Additionally, cone tests were performed on the wall of treated huts each month to evaluate the residual efficacy of the sprayed products. Furthermore, the L1014F-kdr target site mutation and the L119F-GSTe2 mediated metabolic resistance to pyrethroids were genotyped on a subset of mosquitoes from the EHT to assess the potential cross-resistance. All Anopheles species tested were fully susceptible to clothianidin and clothianidin+deltamethrin mixture in CDC bottle assay while resistance was noted to deltamethrin. Accordingly, Fludora® Fusion and clothianidin induced significantly higher mortality rates in EHT than deltamethrin with mortality rates of 62.83%, 64.42% and 42.42% against free flying An. funestus from Elende. However, lower mortality rates were recorded against An. gambiae from Nkolondom (mortality rates 50%, 45.56% and 26.68%). In-situ cone test on the wall showed a high residual efficacy of Fludora® Fusion and clothianidin on the susceptible strain KISUMU (>12 months) and moderately on the highly pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae strain from Nkolondom (6 months). Interestingly, no association was observed between the L119F-GSTe2 mutation and the ability of mosquitoes to survive exposure to Fludora® Fusion, whereas a trend was observed with the L1014F-kdr mutation. This study highlights that Fludora® Fusion, has good potential of controlling pyrethroid-resistance mosquitoes with prolonged residual efficacy. This could be therefore an appropriate tool for vector control in several malaria endemic regions.
Association between urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio within the normal range and insulin resistance and prediabetes among US adults: a population-based study
Authors: Wu Shuang , Yang Yan-min , Zhu Jun , Wang Lu-lu , Xu Wei , Lyu Si-qi , Wang Juan , Shao Xing-hui , Zhang Han
Published: February 2024

Background Recent studies have shown that urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) within the normal range is associated with increased risk of hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular death and all-cause death. However, the relationship between normal range UACR and the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) and prediabetes has not been explored.
Methods The study included 14,208 US adults with normal range UACR values and without diabetes from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (1999-2018). The outcome variables included IR and prediabetes, as defined by the 2013 American Diabetes Association guidelines. The weighted multivariate linear regression, weighted multivariate logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression, and subgroup analysis were conducted to examine the relationship of UACR with IR and prediabetes.
Results The weighted multivariate linear regression analysis showed that a 1-standard deviation (SD) increment in ln (UACR) was positively associated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (β = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.04), glycosylated hemoglobin (β = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.02), fasting serum insulin (FSI) (β = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.31, 0.68), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (β = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.19). The weighted multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a 1-SD increment in ln (UACR) was significantly associated with an increased prevalence of prediabetes (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04-1.15), but not with IR (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.99-1.12). With the lowest quartile of UACR as a reference, ORs (95% CIs)for IR in the second, third, and fourth quartiles were 1.10 (0.86, 1.15), 1.15 (0.98, 1.33), and 1.12 (0.95, 1.32), respectively, and ORs (95% CIs) for prediabetes were 1.35 (1.19, 1.52), 1.32 (1.14, 1.53), and 1.44 (1.24, 1.66), respectively. Subgroup analysis indicated that smoking had a significant impact on the association between UACR and prediabetes. The association between UACR and prediabetes was more significant in smokers than in non-smokers (P for interaction = 0.03). RCS regression analysis revealed a non-linear positive dose-response association between UACR and indicators of diabetes.
Conclusion Elevated UACR, even within the normal range, was positively associated with indicators of diabetes and increased prevalence of prediabetes among US adults. Smoking had a significant impact on the association between UACR and prediabetes, with a more pronounced association observed among smokers.