bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the unified analysis of three types of relative clause construction in Japanese, and on the “salient reading” of the internally headed type. A reply to Erlewine & Gould (2016)
Authors: Grosu Alexander , Hoshi Koji
Published: March 2018

In this reply, we argue against two proposals made by Erlewine & Gould (2016), and in favor of the following two theses:[i] Japanese internally headed relative constructions disallow an interpretation that is crucially based on contextual salience, and allow only an interpretation that reflects the content of their (explicit or implicit) internal head(s).[ii] None of Erlewine & Gould’s attempts to provide independent support for their unified analysis of internally headed, externally headed and doubly headed relative constructions of Japanese is tenable. Therefore, these writers failed to provide convincing justification for abandoning the approach developed by Grosu & Landman (2012) and Landman (2016) with respect to the analysis of the internally headed relatives of Japanese, an approach which moreover yielded explicit accounts of two types of data for which Erlewine & Gould have no obvious analysis.
Administrative Traditions – and the Problem of the “Trilemma”
Authors: Veggeland Noralv
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this paper is to show that the administration of a modern welfare state is a complex thing. The statemeets the challenge of the “trilemma”. Social policy formation does fundamentally relay on the outcome of the debateabout the future of the European welfare state. From the perspective of the political-economic approach, social policyformation is a dependent variable to both European integration policy and national administrative traditions. However,the national state does not act in a sovereign manner neither in relation to the European Union (EU) nor to domesticmember actors. All of them confronted with a so-called “trilemma” aspect, a term first introduced by the US socialscientist Torben Iversen (2005). In this paper, I follow up his analysis and shows the difficult choices that confrontspolicy-makers on the different administrative levels because of this trilemma and its trade-offs. New PublicManagement ideas are dominant and for the time being confront the other ruling administrative social traditions ofWestern Europe. In this paper, I conclude that a European agreement on a social choice, related to the overcome oftrilemma, must be accomplished to save the welfare state model as we know it. The traditional Nordic welfare statemodel gives an example.
Exorcism in Mark’s Gospel: Implications of Jesus’ Perspective for Today
Authors: Igbari Olusola
Published: March 2018

Exorcism is a theological term which has engaged the minds of some New Testament Scholars in recent times atleast in last three decades. It is a universal phenomenon. Research has discovered that some churches especiallyorthodox ones have not paid much cognizance to this aspect of Jesus’ ministry. This paper is an attempt to investigatewhat exorcism is and how is this ministry being addressed by the contemporary church using St. Mark’s narratives asthe framework. Humans daily demands for a paradigm shift by the church to also engage in deliverance ministryinstead of the focus on “prosperity message.” The Church should be aware that prosperity message can not havedesired effect until lives of humans enjoy maximal health that can make life worthy living. Jesus in St. Mark’sGospel showed examples of how and what the Church of God should address on the presence of evil spirits ordemonic forces in the world of evil that is ravaging the lives of many within God’s creation. This paper tried toidentify salient areas of concern in addressing the issue of exorcism especially in the 21st Century Church. The realityof the existence of evil spirits and demonic forces which cannot be contended. If human person needs to achieve hisdestiny in life according to God’s purpose, then issues that can hinder the fulfilment of that destiny should be keenlyaddressed by individuals or the church to whom the gift of exorcism is deposited.
Self-constraint: a Challenge for the Contemporary Ethics
Authors: Stachowska Iwona
Published: March 2018

The paper deals with issues related to self-constraint examined in the context of the social, environmental or economic threats and challenges generated by the contemporary civilization. The ability to limit one’s own needs, and hence the issue of reasonable use of goods is nothing new for ethics. However, after having realized the finite nature of natural resources, growing economic disproportions, and especially the exceeding consumption, that problem gains importance and calls for recapitulation. The article, based on references to alternative models of consumers’ behavior (substantive consumption, voluntary simplicity) and sustainable strategies of development (degrowth), provides an argument why reflection on self-constraint is one of the key areas of ethical reflection today. Self-constraint was presented as specifically human, voluntary, and individual approach of the moral agent towards other people and the natural environment.
LEISURE AND TOURISM – THE RELATIONSHIP AND CHANGES
Authors: Niezgoda Agnieszka
Published: March 2018

Purpose. The article considers the role of leisure in the changing phenomenon of tourism. The relationship between leisure and tourism is analysed from the perspective of changes in the perception of time, including its division into free- and work-time, compression of time, moving away from so-called synchronization, and the changes resulting from growing affluence of developed societies and the accompanying growth of the services market (simultaneous development of “time-consuming” and “time-saving” services). In particular, the analysis explores the phenomenon of “time-space compression” with reference to two levels: general social processes and tourism as a leisure time filling activity. Method. A review of literature discussing leisure (free time) from the perspective of the tourism market, with the author’s interpretation. This is explorative research. Findings. The article demonstrates a reciprocal relationship between changes in the perception of leisure and development of tourist services and shows the impact of the changing character of leisure on consumer behaviour in general social terms and in tourism. Research limitations and conclusions. The study is exploratory in nature, and was used to identify changes of leisure issues from the perspective of the tourist market. Originality. The broad view on the relationship between leisure and tourism is presented, departing from a simple perspective showing that free time is merely a necessary and basiccondition for engaging in tourism. The author proposes a thesis that the relationship between leisure and tourism is multifaceted and reciprocal, and that the phenomenon of time-space compression is apparent not only at a general social level, but also during tourist travel. Practical implications. Interactions presented in the article, particularly concerning changing consumer needs and behaviour, can be utilized by tourism service providers to adjust their services to contemporary demand. Type of paper. This is a theoretical/review article.
Reproducibility of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Histopathologic Subtyping
Authors: Brcic Luka , Vlacic Gregor , Quehenberger Franz , Kern Izidor
Published: March 2018

Context.—

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare tumor with poor prognosis. Several studies have analyzed potential prognostic markers, but histologic type remains the single most important prognostic factor. Histologic subtypes of epithelioid MPM seem to have prognostic and therapeutic implications. Interobserver agreement in histologic pattern classification should be high.

Objective.—

To assess interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility in histologic differentiation between the main types of MPMs, and in further subtyping of epithelioid-type mesothelioma.

Design.—

One representative hematoxylin-eosin–stained slide was selected from the archive for each of 200 patients with MPM. They were reviewed independently by 3 pathologists and classified according to the current World Health Organization classification of pleural tumors. After the first round of evaluations, a consensus meeting was organized where problems were addressed and representative images for each histologic category were selected. Two months later, cases were reevaluated by all 3 pathologists.

Results.—

After the first round, overall interobserver agreement for histologic subtyping of mesothelioma was fair (κ, 0.36). The agreement was increased to substantial (κ, 0.63) in the second round. Improvement was found in interobserver agreement for all types of MPM and for most epithelioid subtypes.

Conclusions.—

Moderate to substantial agreement in histologic typing and subtyping of MPM can be achieved. However, training with additional clarification of diagnostic criteria, their strict application, and help from consensus-based illustrative images is needed.
The Popular and the Academic: The Status of the Public’s Pleasure in the Quarrel of Le Cid.
Authors: Kristinsdóttir-Urfalino Guðrún
Published: March 2018

The unprecedented success of Le Cid (1637) triggered a ferocious literary quarrel about the value of the judgement of the least “considerable” part of the theatre audience – the people. This article explains how the social and gendered distribution of the audience in the few Parisian theatres of the period could reveal the difference of the appreciation of various categories of the audience. The article then develops that at this time in France, the notion of the “public” does not refer to the audience but to the res publica, the edifying character of the plays meant to serve the public good. Indeed, the theatre was given a moral dimension, as an heritage to Horace’s Ars poetica in which the role of theatre was to please and instruct.This is followed by a discussion of two aspects of the quarrel. It was first set off by the fact that Corneille with his attitude disrupted the rules of the economy of cooptation in vigour in the Republic of letters, thus deeply shocking his peers. The second aspect of the quarrel pertained to the dramatic rules which were being established at the time. Le Cid transgressed some of these rules, in particular the rule of decorum. But the condemnation of the transgression of these rules put in question their purpose and their value. Corneille maintained that like Aristotle, he was concerned with the public’s pleasure and that Horace’s precept of moral instruction was secondary in theatre.The conjunction of the criticism of peers concerning the non-respect of the dramatic rules and the actual success with the public posed the question of the valid tribunal of literary works – peers or the public. Ultimately, the fact that the play had touched all categories of the audience – the people and the courtiers – facilitated the valorization of the people’s pleasure and the people’s judgement vis-à-vis the peers.
The Revitalization of Popular Theatre Forms in Contemporary Performance: The Case of Post-Soviet Lithuanian Theatre
Authors: Mažeikienė Rūta
Published: March 2018

The article examines the use of historical popular theatre forms in contemporary perfor­mance and analyses how historical popular theatre forms are revitalized in contempo­rary theatre. The first part of the article addresses the phenomena of popular theatre in general. Refer­ring to the insights on this topic by such theatre scholars as D. Mayer (1972), P. Pavis (1998), T. Grammatas (2013) the article addresses the problem of the definition of popular theatre and discusses what are the major characteristics that make the forms of popular theatre into the source of creative renewal and artistic inspiration.The second part of the article analyses how historical popular theatre practices (such as pantomime, mime, puppetry or shadow plays) have been used by post-Soviet Lithua­nian theatre artists – namely, director Gintaras Varnas at Šėpa theatre and direc­tor Vega Vaičiūnaitė at Miraklis theatre – as a stimulus to renew theatrical language and to foster new relationship with theatre audiences. The examples of both companies demonstrate that in spite of the conventional genre restrictions, the historical forms of popular theatre are not treated as an unquestionable museum relic, but rather as a means to create a live and immediate contact with a contemporary audience through universal historical forms.
Examining the “Invisible”
Authors: Gray Martyn
Published: March 2018

In his 1995 seminal work, The Translator’s Invisibility, Lawrence Venuti examines the impact of how translations are reviewed on the visibility of the translator. The American scholar contends that a fluent translation approach, which ultimately makes the work of the translator “invisible” to the final reader, is the main criterion by which translations are read and assessed by reviewers; any deviations from such fluent discourse are thus dismissed as inadequate. The present research will draw upon a corpus of British and French reviews collected from two broadsheet supplements in each country to analyze the extent to which the media’s reviews of published translations continue to reinforce—or indeed challenge—the notion of translators’ invisibility. The research will demonstrate that, whilst fluency and transparency are still revered by a large number of reviewers, especially in the UK, the reviews in this corpus show a remarkable degree of openness towards diverse translation approaches.
L’incorporation d’éléments du jazz dans le tango d’Astor Piazzolla
Authors: Fontes Saboga Cardoso Thomas
Published: March 2018

Nous examinons dans cet article la combinaison entre tango et jazz proposée par le compositeur et bandonéoniste argentin Astor Piazzolla (1921-1992). Les traits du tango y sont privilégiés, constituant les éléments de base repérables principalement dans des gestes mélodiques, des modèles d’accompagnement et des timbres caractéristiques très fréquemment employés, qui assurent aussi bien la cohésion et l’unité musicale que l’identité de ce genre urbain argentin, la centralité du tango figurant comme le principal moyen d’articuler ces univers. Nous observerons également une autre stratégie employée par le compositeur, consistant à profiter des caractéristiques communes des musiques métissées comme moyen pour atteindre l’alliance sonore – le métissage par intersection.
L’infirmière psychiatrique, leader de l’équipe multidisciplinaire
Authors: Valentina Moya Silvia Maria
Published: March 2018

Cet article a pour but de présenter l’espace relationnel de l’infirmière psychiatrique, dans un contexte de prestation de soins en français à Ottawa, pendant la période de désinstitutionnalisation psychiatrique. L’étude de cas d’une patiente francophone suivie pendant 26 ans à la clinique externe de l’Hôpital Montfort a été choisie comme échantillon. Durant son parcours de vie psychiatrique, 63 % des contacts de cette patiente ont été avec l’infirmière, 27 % avec les psychiatres, 5 % avec les ergothérapeutes, 4 % avec les travailleurs sociaux et 1 % avec les psychologues. Parmi les différentes tâches documentées par les infirmières, on retrouve six différents types d’intervention. Le dossier étudié révèle donc que l’infirmière occupe un espace relationnel plus important que les autres professionnels de l’équipe multidisciplinaire.
Situations d’enseignement-apprentissage multidisciplinaires à partir d’albums de littérature jeunesse : une pratique littératiée contextualisée
Authors: Myre-Bisaillon Julie , Rodrigue Anne , Beaudoin Carl
Published: March 2018

Vingt enseignantes titulaires de classes multiâges dans une région rurale et défavorisée du Québec ont expérimenté des situations d’enseignement-apprentissage basées sur la littérature jeunesse afin d’enseigner la littératie, c’est-à-dire la lecture, l’écriture et les mathématiques, de manière inclusive. Quarante-trois élèves ont participé à des entretiens de groupe semi-dirigés et ce sont ces résultats qui seront présentés. L’ensemble des résultats issus des productions des élèves et des entretiens menés avec les enseignantes et les élèves démontrent que l’approche proposée permet des apprentissages plus contextualisés et que le plaisir, la créativité et la liberté sont des possibilités plus réelles. Étant donné l’espace disponible dans le cadre de cet article, seuls les résultats liés aux perceptions des élèves sur leurs apprentissages seront considérés en raison de leur intérêt quant à la nature de l’approche d’enseignement proposée. Ces perceptions tendent à démontrer que l’approche à partir de l’album de littérature jeunesse semble permettre de contextualiser les apprentissages et d’en faire un contexte social.
Pupillometry reveals perceptual differences that are tightly linked to autistic traits in typical adults
Authors: Turi Marco , Burr David Charles , Binda Paola
Published: March 2018

The pupil is primarily regulated by prevailing light levels but is also modulated by perceptual and attentional factors. We measured pupil-size in typical adult humans viewing a bistable-rotating cylinder, constructed so the luminance of the front surface changes with perceived direction of rotation. In some participants, pupil diameter oscillated in phase with the ambiguous perception, more dilated when the black surface was in front. Importantly, the magnitude of oscillation predicts autistic traits of participants, assessed by the Autism-Spectrum Quotient AQ. Further experiments suggest that these results are driven by differences in perceptual styles: high AQ participants focus on the front surface of the rotating cylinder, while those with low AQ distribute attention to both surfaces in a more global, holistic style. This is the first evidence that pupillometry reliably tracks inter-individual differences in perceptual styles; it does so quickly and objectively, without interfering with spontaneous perceptual strategies.
Consciousness reflected in the eyes
Authors: Park Woon Ju , Schauder Kimberly B , Tadin Duje
Published: March 2018

People with higher autistic traits display stronger fluctuations in pupil size when presented with an optical illusion.
The little shrimp that could: phylogeography of the circumtropical Stenopus hispidus (Crustacea: Decapoda), reveals divergent Atlantic and Pacific lineages
Authors: Dudoit ‘Ale‘alani , Iacchei Matthew , Coleman Richard R. , Gaither Michelle R. , Browne William E. , Bowen Brian W. , Toonen Robert J.
Published: March 2018

The banded coral shrimp, Stenopus hispidus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Stenopodidea) is a popular marine ornamental species with a circumtropical distribution. The planktonic larval stage lasts ∼120–253 days, indicating considerable dispersal potential, but few studies have investigated genetic connectivity on a global scale in marine invertebrates. To resolve patterns of divergence and phylogeography of S. hispidus, we surveyed 525 bp of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) from 198 individuals sampled at 10 locations across ∼27,000 km of the species range. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that S. hispidus has a Western Atlantic lineage and a widely distributed Indo-Pacific lineage, separated by sequence divergence of 2.1%. Genetic diversity is much higher in the Western Atlantic (h = 0.929; π = 0.004) relative to the Indo-Pacific (h = 0.105; π < 0.001), and coalescent analyses indicate that the Indo-Pacific population expanded more recently (95% HPD (highest posterior density) = 60,000–400,000 yr) than the Western Atlantic population (95% HPD = 300,000–760,000 yr). Divergence of the Western Atlantic and Pacific lineages is estimated at 710,000–1.8 million years ago, which does not readily align with commonly implicated colonization events between the ocean basins. The estimated age of populations contradicts the prevailing dispersal route for tropical marine biodiversity (Indo-Pacific to Atlantic) with the oldest and most diverse population in the Atlantic, and a recent population expansion with a single common haplotype shared throughout the vast Indian and Pacific oceans. In contrast to the circumtropical fishes, this diminutive reef shrimp challenges our understanding of conventional dispersal capabilities of marine species.
Environmental DNA for freshwater fish monitoring: insights for conservation within a protected area
Authors: Fernandez Sara , Sandin Miguel M. , Beaulieu Paul G. , Clusa Laura , Martinez Jose L. , Ardura Alba , García-Vázquez Eva
Published: March 2018

Background

Many fish species have been introduced in wild ecosystems around the world to provide food or leisure, deliberately or from farm escapes. Some of those introductions have had large ecological effects. The north American native rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykissWalbaum, 1792) is one of the most widely farmed fish species in the world. It was first introduced in Spain in the late 19th century for sport fishing (Elvira 1995) and nowadays is used there for both fishing and aquaculture. On the other hand, the European native brown trout (Salmo truttaL.) is catalogued as vulnerable in Spain. Detecting native and invasive fish populations in ecosystem monitoring is crucial, but it may be difficult from conventional sampling methods such as electrofishing. These techniques encompass some mortality, thus are not adequate for some ecosystems as the case of protected areas. Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is a sensitive and non-invasive method that can be especially useful for rare and low-density species detection and inventory in water bodies.

Methods

In this study we employed two eDNA based methods (qPCR and nested PCR-RFLP) to detect salmonid species from mountain streams within a protected area, The Biosphere Reserve and Natural Park of Redes (Upper Nalón Basin, Asturias, Northern Spain), where brown trout is the only native salmonid. We also measured some habitat variables to see how appropriate for salmonids the area is. The sampling area is located upstream impassable dams and contains one rainbow trout fish farm.

Results

Employing qPCR methodology, brown trout eDNA was detected in all the nine sampling sites surveyed, while nested PCR-RFLP method failed to detect it in two sampling points. Rainbow trout eDNA was detected with both techniques at all sites in the Nalón River’ (n1, n2 and n3). Salmonid habitat units and water quality were high from the area studied.

Discussion

In this study, a high quantity of rainbow trout eDNA was found upstream and downstream of a fish farm located inside a Biosphere Reserve. Unreported escapes from the fish farm are a likely explanation of these results. Since salmonid habitat is abundant and the water quality high, the establishment of rainbow trout populations would be favored should escapes occur. Environmental DNA has here proved to be a valuable tool for species detection in freshwater environments, and the probe-based qPCR highly sensitive technique for detection of scarce species. We would recommend this method for routine monitoring and early detection of introduced species within natural reserves.
The identity, role, setting, and future of chiropractic practice: a survey of Australian and New Zealand chiropractic students
Authors: de Luca Katie E. , Gliedt Jordan A. , Fernandez Matthew , Kawchuk Greg , Swain Michael S.
Published: March 2018

Objective:

To evaluate Australian and New Zealand chiropractic students' opinions regarding the identity, role setting, and future of chiropractic practice.

Methods:

An online, cross-sectional survey was administered to chiropractic students in all chiropractic programs in Australia and New Zealand. The survey explored student viewpoints about the identity, role/scope, setting, and future of chiropractic practice as it relates to chiropractic education and health promotion. Associations between the number of years in the program, highest degree preceding chiropractic education, institution, and opinion summary scores were evaluated by multivariate analysis of variance tests.

Results:

A total of 347 chiropractic students participated in the study. For identity, most students (51.3%) hold strongly to the traditional chiropractic theory but also agree (94.5%) it is important that chiropractors are educated in evidence-based practice. The main predictor of student viewpoints was a student's chiropractic institution (Pillai's trace =.638, F[16, 1368] = 16.237, p < .001). Chiropractic institution explained over 50% of the variance around student opinions about role/scope of practice and approximately 25% for identity and future practice.

Conclusions:

Chiropractic students in Australia and New Zealand seem to hold both traditional and mainstream viewpoints toward chiropractic practice. However, students from different chiropractic institutions have divergent opinions about the identity, role, setting, and future of chiropractic practice, which is most strongly predicted by the institution. Chiropractic education may be a potential determinant of chiropractic professional identity, raising concerns about heterogeneity between chiropractic schools.
A Mass Diffusion Model for Dry Snow Utilizing a Fabric Tensor to Characterize Anisotropy
Authors: Shertzer Richard H. , Adams Edward E.
Published: March 2018

A homogenization algorithm for randomly distributed microstructures is applied to develop a mass diffusion model for dry snow. Homogenization is a multiscale approach linking constituent behavior at the microscopic level—among ice and air—to the macroscopic material—snow. Principles of continuum mechanics at the microscopic scale describe water vapor diffusion across an ice grain's surface to the air‐filled pore space. Volume averaging and a localization assumption scale up and down, respectively, between microscopic and macroscopic scales. The model yields a mass diffusivity expression at the macroscopic scale that is, in general, a second‐order tensor parameterized by both bulk and microstructural variables. The model predicts a mass diffusivity of water vapor through snow that is less than that through air. Mass diffusivity is expected to decrease linearly with ice volume fraction. Potential anisotropy in snow's mass diffusivity is captured due to the tensor representation. The tensor is built from directional data assigned to specific, idealized microstructural features. Such anisotropy has been observed in the field and laboratories in snow morphologies of interest such as weak layers of depth hoar and near‐surface facets.
Channel‐Island Connectivity Affects Water Exposure Time Distributions in a Coastal River Delta
Authors: Hiatt Matthew , Castañeda‐Moya Edward , Twilley Robert , Hodges Ben R. , Passalacqua Paola
Published: March 2018

The exposure time is a water transport time scale defined as the cumulative amount of time a water parcel spends in the domain of interest regardless of the number of excursions from the domain. Transport time scales are often used to characterize the nutrient removal potential of aquatic systems, but exposure time distribution estimates are scarce for deltaic systems. Here we analyze the controls on exposure time distributions using a hydrodynamic model in two domains: the Wax Lake delta in Louisiana, USA, and an idealized channel‐island complex. In particular, we study the effects of river discharge, vegetation, network geometry, and tides and use a simple model for the fractional removal of nitrate. In both domains, we find that channel‐island hydrological connectivity significantly affects exposure time distributions and nitrate removal. The relative contributions of the island and channel portions of the delta to the overall exposure time distribution are controlled by island vegetation roughness and network geometry. Tides have a limited effect on the system's exposure time distribution but can introduce significant spatial variability in local exposure times. The median exposure time for the WLD model is 10 h under the conditions tested and water transport within the islands contributes to 37–50% of the network‐scale exposure time distribution and 52–73% of the modeled nitrate removal, indicating that islands may account for the majority of nitrate removal in river deltas.
Comment on “Base Flow Recession from Unsaturated‐Saturated Porous Media considering Lateral Unsaturated Discharge and Aquifer Compressibility” by Liang, X., H. Zhan, Y.‐K. Zhang, and K. Schilling (2017)
Authors: Roques Clément , Rupp David E. , Jachens Elizabeth , Selker John S.
Published: March 2018

Liang et al. () presented an analysis of the impacts of unsaturated zone processes on streamflow recession using methodology from Brutsaert and Nieber () with a constant time step in computation of the time derivative of flow. Over the past 10 years, many authors have demonstrated that this method may produce artifacts that lead to incorrect interpretations. To demonstrate the impact of the choice of analysis methods, this comment presents an estimation of recession parameters using the Liang et al. () discharge data that eliminates artifacts introduced through the constant time step. Here we use the exponential time step method, which revealed recession coefficient b greater than 1 which is inconsistent with the fitting framework used in Liang et al. ().
Improving the Efficiency of 3‐D Hydrogeological Mixers: Dilution Enhancement Via Coupled Engineering‐Induced Transient Flows and Spatial Heterogeneity
Authors: Di Dato Mariaines , de Barros Felipe P. J. , Fiori Aldo , Bellin Alberto
Published: March 2018

Natural attenuation and in situ oxidation are commonly considered as low‐cost alternatives to ex situ remediation. The efficiency of such remediation techniques is hindered by difficulties in obtaining good dilution and mixing of the contaminant, in particular if the plume deformation is physically constrained by an array of wells, which serves as a containment system. In that case, dilution may be enhanced by inducing an engineered sequence of injections and extractions from such pumping system, which also works as a hydraulic barrier. This way, the aquifer acts as a natural mixer, in a manner similar to the industrialized engineered mixers. Improving the efficiency of hydrogeological mixers is a challenging task, owing to the need to use a 3‐D setup while relieving the computational burden. Analytical solutions, though approximated, are a suitable and efficient tool to seek the optimum solution among all possible flow configurations. Here we develop a novel physically based model to demonstrate how the combined spatiotemporal fluctuations of the water fluxes control solute trajectories and residence time distributions and therefore, the effectiveness of contaminant plume dilution and mixing. Our results show how external forcing configurations are capable of inducing distinct time‐varying groundwater flow patterns which will yield different solute dilution rates.
MARSIS Observations of the Martian Nightside Ionosphere During the September 2017 Solar Event
Authors: Harada Y. , Gurnett D. A. , Kopf A. J. , Halekas J. S. , Ruhunusiri S. , DiBraccio G. A. , Espley J. , Brain D. A.
Published: March 2018

We present topside ionospheric sounding on the nightside of Mars during the September 2017 solar event by Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS) on board Mars Express along with complementary dayside observations from Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN). The MARSIS and MAVEN observations during the event suggest that (i) the nightside bottomside ionosphere was significantly enhanced by solar energetic particles, (ii) the nightside peak electron density was increased to unusually high values of ∼1–2 ×104 cm−3 around 120 km altitudes owing to enhanced electron impact ionization, and (iii) the ionospheric magnetic field was globally amplified by the high dynamic pressure during the interplanetary coronal mass ejection passage. These multipoint measurements help elucidate the global response of the Martian upper ionosphere to the solar event.
Sensitivity study of an automated system for daily patient QA using EPID exit dose images
Authors: Zhuang Audrey H. , Olch Arthur J.
Published: March 2018

The dosimetric consequences of errors in patient setup or beam delivery and anatomical changes are not readily known. A new product, PerFRACTION (Sun Nuclear Corporation), is designed to identify these errors by comparing the exit dose image measured on an electronic portal imaging device (EPID) from each field of each fraction to those from baseline fraction images. This work investigates the sensitivity of PerFRACTION to detect the deviation caused by these errors in a variety of realistic scenarios. Integrated EPID images were acquired in clinical mode and saved in ARIA. PerFRACTION automatically pulled the images into its database and performed the user‐defined comparison. We induced errors of 1 mm and greater in jaw, multileaf collimator (MLC), and couch position, 1° and greater in collimation rotation (patient yaw), 0.5–1.5% in machine output, rail position, and setup errors of 1–2 mm shifts and 0.5–1° roll rotation. The planning techniques included static, intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and VMAT fields. Rectangular solid water phantom or anthropomorphic head phantom were used in the beam path in the delivery of some fields. PerFRACTION detected position errors of the jaws, MLC, and couch with an accuracy of better than 0.4 mm, and 0.5° for collimator rotation error and detected the machine output error within 0.2%. The rail position error resulted in PerFRACTION detected dose deviations up to 8% and 3% in open field and VMAT field delivery, respectively. PerFRACTION detected induced errors in IMRT fields within 2.2% of the gamma passing rate using an independent conventional analysis. Using an anthropomorphic phantom, setup errors as small as 1 mm and 0.5° were detected. Our work demonstrates that PerFRACTION, using integrated EPID image, is sensitive enough to identify positional, angular, and dosimetric errors.
Photothermally Controlled MHC Class I Restricted CD8+ T‐Cell Responses Elicited by Hyaluronic Acid Decorated Gold Nanoparticles as a Vaccine for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Cao Fengqiang , Yan Mengmeng , Liu Yijia , Liu Lanxia , Ma Guilei
Published: March 2018

Cancer vaccines aim to induce a strong major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC‐I)‐restricted CD8+ cytotoxic T‐cell response, which is an important prerequisite for successful cancer immunotherapy. Herein, a hyaluronic acid (HA) and antigen (ovalbumin, OVA)‐decorated gold nanoparticle (AuNPs)‐based (HA‐OVA‐AuNPs) vaccine is developed for photothermally controlled cytosolic antigen delivery using near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation and is found to induce antigen‐specific CD8+ T‐cell responses. Chemical binding of thiolated HA and OVA to AuNPs facilitates antigen uptake of dendritic cells via receptor‐mediated endocytosis. HA‐OVA‐AuNPs exhibit enhanced NIR absorption and thermal energy translation. Cytosolic antigen delivery is then permitted through the photothermally controlled process of local heat‐mediated endo/lysosome disruption by laser irradiation along with reactive oxygen species generation, which helps to augment proteasome activity and downstream MHC I antigen presentation. Consequently, the HA‐OVA‐AuNPs nanovaccine can effectively evoke a potent anticancer immune response in mice under laser irradiation. This NIR‐responsive nanovaccine is promising as a potent vaccination method for improving cancer vaccine efficacy.
Electronic Circuits Integration in Textiles for Data Processing in Wearable Technologies
Authors: de Mulatier Séverine , Nasreldin Mohamed , Delattre Roger , Ramuz Marc , Djenizian Thierry
Published: March 2018

To become an integral part of the everyday outfits, wearable electronics are expected to be lightweight, conformable, imperceptible for the user and life‐proof. The prospect of integrating modern technologies in clothes requires electronic circuits in textiles which are able to perform complex computing with high reliability. Four approaches to smart textile fabrication are described in this review: textile circuits, functionalized fibers, flexible circuits, and hybrid stretchable circuits. In the first two, fabric serves as a substrate for the electronic circuit to maintain essential textile properties. In basic textile circuits, standard electronic components directly attached to fiber tracks insure elementary electronic functionalities while remaining a noninvasive solution. Then, functionalized fibers replace the rigid electronic parts, to make the electronics even more integrated, merging inside the core of the fiber. These most recent works are today limited to basic logic circuitry and quasi‐static applications. The third and fourth approaches have shown the advantages to rely on well‐established technologies with dedicated flexible/stretchable hybrid substrates processed separately from the garment. Despite a loss in wearing comfort, this axis of research is driven by the superior computational performances.
Design of Electrocatalysts and Electrochemical Cells for Carbon Dioxide Reduction Reactions
Authors: Yang Wanfeng , Dastafkan Kamran , Jia Chen , Zhao Chuan
Published: March 2018

Electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction can produce valuable carbonaceous compounds that are in significant demand, due to its ability to decrease the accumulated atmospheric CO2 and improve the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources. Considering the sluggish kinetics of CO2 reduction reaction, the multielectron–proton transfer process, and the inevitable mixed reduction products, designing efficient and robust electrocatalysts that benefit from the structure–activity relationship is the focus to promote CO2 conversion. In this review, various metal‐based materials are first classified and discussed in terms of their structural and elemental compositions for catalytic behaviors. Afterward, the most intrinsic microstructural/electronic effects as well as the influence of compositional alteration on the catalyst activity, selectivity, and stability are summarized. Additionally, recent attempts to develop the assigned electrochemical cells are surveyed and described from a technological point of view.
An Environment‐Friendly Strategy for One‐Step Turning Cr(VI) Contaminant into a Cr‐Loaded Catalyst for CO2 Utilization
Authors: Jiang Wei , Liu Qiang , Tao Yang , Mu Kequan , Wang Zheng , Zhu Yingming , Yue Hairong , Liang Bin
Published: March 2018

A one‐step strategy to obtain a high‐performance catalyst from Cr(VI)‐containing wastewater by the photoreduction process is described. ZrO2 is employed as a wide bandgap and high conduction‐band photocatalyst to reduce, capture, and immobilize Cr(VI) ions under UV light irradiation. The byproduct of this step is used as a catalyst for the CO2 reverse water‐gas shift (RWGS) reaction. The total Cr content in water decreases to 0.0413 mg L−1 in 3 h, fulfilling the strictest wastewater standard. The soluble Cr(VI) species is converted into Cr(0) and Cr(III), and fixed on the ZrO2 surface to form Cr@ZrO2 as a byproduct with highly dispersed Cr species. Using this byproduct as a catalyst for the RWGS reaction results in almost thermal equilibrium conversion under 500 °C with 100% CO selectivity. This environment‐friendly and economic strategy is very promising for controlling heavy metal pollution and comprehensive CO2 utilization.
Insights into the Na+ Storage Mechanism of Phosphorus‐Functionalized Hard Carbon as Ultrahigh Capacity Anodes
Authors: Li Yu , Yuan Yifei , Bai Ying , Liu Yuanchang , Wang Zhaohua , Li Limin , Wu Feng , Amine Khalil , Wu Chuan , Lu Jun
Published: March 2018

Hard carbon as a typical anode material for sodium ion batteries has received much attention in terms of its low cost and renewability. Herein, phosphorus‐functionalized hard carbon with a specific “honeycomb briquette” shaped morphology is synthesized via electrospinning technology. When applied as an anode material for Na+ storage, it exhibits an impressively high reversible capacity of 393.4 mA h g−1 with the capacity retention up to 98.2% after 100 cycles. According to first‐principle calculation, the ultrahigh capacity of the as‐prepared anode is ascribed to the enhancement of Na‐absorption through formation of PO and PC bonds in graphitic layers when doped with phosphorus. Moreover, the increase of electron density around the Fermi level is found to be mainly caused by O atoms instead of P atoms.
Standardized morbidity ratios of four chronic health conditions among World Trade Center responders: Comparison to the National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Kim Hyun , Kriebel David , Liu Bian , Baron Sherrry , Mongin Steven , Baidwan Navneet K. , Moline Jacqueline M.
Published: March 2018

Purpose

We conducted external comparisons for the prevalence of asthma, hypertension, diabetes, and cancer among World Trade Center (WTC) general responders using the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) as the reference, along with internal comparisons for the incidence of asthma.

Methods

Standardized Morbidity Ratios (SMRs) were calculated for the prevalence of the health conditions, and risk ratios (RRs) for asthma incidence.

Results

Relative to the NHIS, asthma prevalence was in excess in responders over the study years (age‐adjusted SMRs = 1.3‐2.8). Hypertension prevalence began to exceed expected from 2006 while diabetes was lower than expected. An upward trend towards excess cancer prevalence was observed. Internal comparisons showed elevated asthma incidence among protective service and utility workers compared to construction workers; while those who arrived at the WTC site in the morning of 9/11 had a lower asthma risk than those who arrived in the afternoon.

Conclusions

The use of NHIS data as a reference population demonstrates and reconfirms several important patterns of excess risk in WTC responders. External comparisons are an alternative for disaster cohorts without an established comparison group.
Electro‐Controlled Living Cationic Polymerization
Authors: Sang Wei , Yan Qiang
Published: March 2018

Cationic polymerizations have long been industrialized; however, stimulus‐regulated cationic polymerization remains to be developed. An electrochemically controlled living cationic polymerization is presented for the first time. In the presence of external potential and organic‐based electrocatalyst, a series of monomers can be polymerized under a cationic chain‐transfer mechanism. The resulting polymers exhibit well‐defined molecular mass, narrow dispersity, and good chain‐end fidelity. By controlling the external potential to switch the electrocatalyst between its oxidized and reduced states, ON/OFF polymerization can be achieved. This method is a versatile way to a large range of monomers, including vinyl ether‐type and p‐substituted styrene‐type monomers. Given the sustainability feature and broad interest of electrochemical synthetic techniques, we envisaged that this method would lead a new direction of external regulated living ionic polymerization.
A Regularly Channeled Lamellar Membrane for Unparalleled Water and Organics Permeation
Authors: Wang Jingtao , Chen Pingping , Shi Benbing , Guo Weiwei , Jaroniec Mietek , Qiao Shi‐Zhang
Published: March 2018

Lamellar membranes show exceptional molecular permeation properties of key importance for many applications. However, their design and development need the construction of regular and straight interlayer channels and the establishment of corresponding transport rate equation. The fabrication of a uniformly lamellar membrane is reported using double‐layered Ti3C2Tx MXenes as rigid building blocks. This membrane possesses ordered and straight 2 nm channels formed via a direct self‐stacking, in contrast to the conventional irregular ones from flexible sheets. Such channels permit precise molecular rejection and unparalleled molecular permeation. The permeance of water and organics by this membrane reached 2300 and 5000 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, respectively. The molecular transfer mechanism in confined nanochannels, and the corresponding model equation are established, paving a way to nanoscale design of highly efficient channeled membranes for transport and separation applications.
Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Siladenoserinol A and its Analogues
Authors: Yoshida Masahito , Saito Koya , Kato Hikaru , Tsukamoto Sachiko , Doi Takayuki
Published: March 2018

The total synthesis of siladenoserinol A, an inhibitor of the p53–Hdm2 interaction, has been achieved. AuCl3‐catalyzed hydroalkoxylation of an alkynoate derivative smoothly and regioselectively proceeded to afford a bicycloketal in excellent yield. A glycerophosphocholine moiety was successfully introduced through the Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction using an originally developed phosphonoacetate derivative. Finally, removal of the acid‐labile protecting groups, followed by regioselective sulfamate formation of the serinol moiety afforded the desired siladenoserinol A, and benzoyl and desulfamated analogues were also successfully synthesized. Biological evaluation showed that the sulfamate is essential for biological activity, and modification of the acyl group on the bicycloketal can improve the inhibitory activity against the p53–Hdm2 interaction.
Palladium/Norbornene‐Catalyzed C−H Alkylation/Alkyne Insertion/Indole Dearomatization Domino Reaction: Assembly of Spiroindolenine‐Containing Pentacyclic Frameworks
Authors: Bai Lu , Liu Jingjing , Hu Wenjie , Li Kunyu , Wang Yaoyu , Luan Xinjun
Published: March 2018

Reported is a highly chemoselective intermolecular annulation of indole‐based biaryls with bromoalkyl alkynes by using palladium/norbornene (Pd/NBE) cooperative catalysis. This reaction is realized through a sequence of Catellani‐type C−H alkylation, alkyne insertion, and indole dearomatization, by forming two C(sp2)−C(sp3) and one C(sp2)−C(sp2) bonds in a single chemical operation, thus providing a diverse range of pentacyclic molecules, containing a spiroindolenine fragment, in good yields with excellent functional‐group tolerance. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that C−H bond cleavage is likely involved in the rate‐determining step, and the indole dearomatization might take place through an olefin coordination/insertion and β‐hydride elimination Heck‐type pathway.
Simple Synthesis of Functionalized 2‐Phosphanaphthalenes
Authors: Mei Yanbo , Wu Dong‐Jun , Borger Jaap E. , Grützmacher Hansjörg
Published: March 2018

A simple synthesis of sodium 2‐phosphanaphthalene‐3‐olate (1) based on the extrusion of N2 from phthalazine using Na[OCP] is reported. This heterocycle can be readily functionalized at the negatively charged oxygen center using a variety of electrophilic substrates. The coordination chemistry of both 1 and its neutral derivatives was explored, revealing their facile use as P‐donor ligands for late‐transition‐metal complexes.
Oxa[7]superhelicene: A π‐Extended Helical Chromophore Based on Hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronenes
Authors: Reger David , Haines Philipp , Heinemann Frank W. , Guldi Dirk M. , Jux Norbert
Published: March 2018

A novel π‐extended “superhelicene” based on hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronenes (HBCs) has been synthesized by an efficient four‐step synthetic procedure starting from diphenyl ether. Comprehensive structural analysis of the helicene was performed by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry measurements together with X‐ray analysis. Physicochemical analysis of the superhelicene and suitable HBC references revealed it had outstanding fluorescent features with quantum yields of over 80 %.