bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and characterization of wheat mill by-product films enriched with commercial rosemary extract
Authors: Peron-Schlosser Bianca , Beux Marcia Regina , Heemann Ana Carolina Winkler , Jorge Regina Maria Matos , Spier Michele Rigon
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to develop and characterize an active film from a wheat mill by-product little explored, named Glue Flour (GF) enriched with a commercial rosemary extract (RE). First, RE was characterized by its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Subsequently, films were elaborated by the casting technique and characterized by the thickness, moisture content, solubility, mechanical and barrier properties, optical characteristics, and their bioactive activities. The RE concentrations tested in films were 1, 5, 10, and 20% (v⋅wwater-1). RE showed antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus brasiliensis; however, it did not inhibit Escherichia coli growth. Film solubility and moisture were approximately 12 and 35%, respectively. The addition of RE weakened the films mechanical and barrier properties. As the color of RE is green, the films tended to this coloration, lost luminosity, and the opacity increase was proportional to the RE concentration. Low luminosity indicates better barrier properties against UV light. From Pearson's correlation test (p < 0.05), the films concentration of RE, antioxidant activity, and inhibition zone (IZ) demonstrated a positive and significant correlation. This study demonstrated a by-product and a commercial RE potential in developing active biodegradable films.
Partial exploitation of host egg patches resulting from a high rejection rate of healthy hosts cautions the mechanistic use of functional response models
Authors: Okuyama Toshinori
Published: March 2024

The functional response of parasitoids is a main component of models that describe host–parasitoid interactions. When the functional response assumed in a model (e.g., a population model) is inaccurate, predictions by the model based on the functional response also become unreliable. This study reports that conventional functional response models may commonly fail to capture the actual functional response of parasitoids and discuss its implications. To assist the discussion, an experiment was conducted to describe interactions between the pupal parasitoid Dirhinus giffardii (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) and its host Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the laboratory. Results showed that the parasitoids typically interacted with all hosts in the environment but parasitised a small fraction of them (e.g., most encountered hosts were rejected), which deviates from the assumption of mechanistic functional response models. An increasing number of published studies on functional response also suggest (although circumstantially) the rejection of unparasitised hosts is common, suggesting that this behaviour is widespread among parasitoid species. By using the experimental results, the study discusses why existing hypotheses are insufficient for the observed behaviour and the implications of this behaviour within the realm of theories surrounding host–parasitoid interactions.
Toward Thinner and Higher Heat Dissipation Advanced Chip Embedded Power Supply Module Packaging
Authors: Takao Katsuhiro , Kuroha Atsushi , Kawada Michihito , Kono Ichiro , Suzuki Takashi , Aizawa Yoshiaki
Published: February 2024

Along with power management complexity, small/thin and high efficiency power supply devices such as DCDC converters and Inverters needs are increasing. In response, several chip-embedded packages have been proposed, but their size/thickness, heat dissipation properties, and cost necessitate the development of further concepts. In this report, we propose novel chip-embedded package that uses Semi-additive metallization with non-prepreg coreless substrate and 300 mm square Panel-level manufacturing for cost competitiveness.

In the case of a prepreg substrate, it is difficult to make large thermal vias due to presence of glass cloth and the presence of the substrate core makes thickness reduction difficult. Because of such difficulties, prepreg substrate packages have limited characteristics around thermal performance and thickness.

Our proposed structure has excellent heat dissipation and minimized thickness due to using thin non-prepreg coreless substrates that allows for large thermal vias by a laser drill and the thin package. We performed thermal resistance simulations and found that our package improved up to 43% as compared to the prepreg package. And also, our build-up interlayer material has close CTE to Cu-RDL and a low Young’s modulus that is effective in reducing package warpage. As a result of simulation, package warpage after post-curing is just 1/10th of that of the prepreg package, this means highly reliable on board. Developments using Si power die will be reviewed. We believe our proposed new package is also suitable for high performance package utilizing GaN and SiC.
The Impact of AI on Contact Resistance and Its Suitability in Fine Pitch Interconnects
Authors: Lie Fee Li , Raghavan Sathyanarayanan , Perfecto Eric , Wassick Thomas , Thomas Conor , Polgrean Heather , Sankarapandian Muthumanickam , Estrada Cristina , Oakley Jennifer
Published: March 2024

Integration issues for a three-dimensional (3D) interconnect in a Face-to-Face (F2F) configuration are discussed. In particular, the effect of AI and organic dielectrics under the bump and their effect in chip-package-interaction (CPI) stresses as well as AI contact resistance issues that arise as the interconnection pitch is decreased. This paper will present a finite-element model created to study the stresses in advanced 3D microelectronic package. To assess the reliability of the 3D packages a submodeling approach is used to capture the CPI stresses. The modeling study presented indicates that it is beneficial to continue using AI pads as it has significatly lower stresses compared to copper pads/vias. In the second portion of the paper, the effect of PBO developer on AI corrosion is presented. Reactive ion etching (RIE) chemistries and wet chemistries were optimized using contact resistance as the success metric. Process robustness was achieved by decoupling the hard dielectric opening from the PBO via opening. Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis were used to add clarity to the bump contact resistance values.
SiC Die Attach Based on Sintered for Wide Band Gap Semiconductor
Authors: Kobori Koyo
Published: March 2024

Silver sintered die attach materials offer a new interconnect technology. Hybrid sintering die attach paste is resin-based and has the same application as standard die attach paste applications, but it does not require high pressure and high temperature for sintering. It features excellent workability that enables stable application for 24 continuous hours, without silver sedimentation or separation. Lead-free die attach materials that offer simplified processing, robust reliability and best-in-class thermal and electrical performance for high power semiconductor packages.

SiC is next generation Wide Band Gap semiconductor material for high temperature power electronics for automotive and telecommunication. We would like to introduce a SiC die attach based on sintering solution for WBG packages. Features is thermal conductivity >200 W/m.k, pressure less die attach process, low temperature cure under nitrogen atmosphere, and any treated surface excellent adhesion to all treated surfaces.
Electromigration of Power Devices Part 2: Power Device in Applications in Controlled Environment
Authors: Zhuang Hao , Bauer Robert , Mostofizadeh Milad , Junesch Juliane
Published: March 2024

In the power semiconductor industry, there is a continuous development toward a higher current capability of devices while device’s dimensions shrink. Although higher current is preferred, the reliability risk of the electromigration (EM) remains challenging. In the present study, a special EM test vehicle is used to investigate the pure EM behavior of power device, following our previous work. The selection of the test condition is discussed in detail, which is defined based on the temperature and current profiles of the device in the actual application, focusing on the applications of the power devices in a controlled environment, i.e., data centers or telecommunication servers. The current and temperature profiles of the device are discussed based on the device’s maximum power dissipation and its respective thermal design. The results show that the different combinations of currents and temperatures can lead to different ratios of acceleration factor between the temperature and the current. Consequently, an inappropriate selection of the testing condition can result in the over-domination of temperature over the current, leading to wrong conclusions. The effects of the PCB surface finish (both Ni and Sn plating) as well as different electron flow directions on the EM were studied. It is concluded that the maximum current that can be applied to a power device in the application within a controlled environment is rather limited by the cooling capability of the system than the EM induced device failure.
Using Outlier Control Technology with Feedforward Lithography to Address Die Shifting and Pattern Distortion Challenges in Fan-Out Panel-Level Packaging
Authors: Chang John , Lu Jian , Chang Timothy , Best Keith
Published: March 2024

Fan-out panel-level packaging (FOPLP) is a packaging technology able to meet the requirements of heterogeneous integration while reducing costs for manufacturers. However, FOPLP faces several significant process challenges. One of these is die shifting, which is a result of the reconstitution process in die-first FOPLP. Pattern distortion is another challenge, one caused by panel deformation in redistribution layer-first FOPLP. These issues cause die and patterns to move away from their nominal positions. If die shifting and pattern distortion are not well addressed during the lithography process, they will result in overlay errors and low overlay yield. Outlier control technology with feedforward lithography is proposed to address these die-shifting and pattern-distortion challenges. Outlier control is based on site-by-site corrections and uses an algorithm to recognize outliers in the substrate, eliminate their negative impacts and optimize overlay corrections to ensure good overlay yield. Additionally, feedforward lithography can further reduce the negative impact to throughput caused by the time lost addressing site-by-site corrections. In this study, we will discuss how die shifting and pattern distortion result in yield and throughput challenges for FOPLP. Then we will demonstrate outlier control technology with feedforward lithography on a test vehicle and how the integration of these two technologies addresses the challenges. We will also review the results of the demonstration and discuss the advantages of this strategy.
Photobiomodulation for Angina Bullosa Haemorrhagica treatment: a case report
Authors: Niu Jiahui , Li Yupu , Ding Yi , Fornaini Carlo
Published: February 2024

Angina Bullosa Haemorrhagica is an alteration causing recurrent hemorrhagic blisters, which rupture easily and are located exclusively in the oropharyngeal or oral mucosa in sites particularly exposed to trauma. These lesions rupture spontaneously to form ragged, often painless, superficial erosions that heal spontaneously within 1-2 weeks without scarring. This case report describes the use of Photobiomodulation by 635nm laser, suggesting its utilization for pain reduction as well as for a faster healing process.
Complex negotiations in local governance: The municipal beer hall debate in East London, 1956 to 1962
Authors: Atkinson Doreen
Published: February 2024

Gedurende die 1930s, het die Stadsraad van Oos-Londen herhaaldelik probeer om die bierbrouery in die swart woonbuurt van Duncan Village te beheer. Telkens het hierdie pogings gefaal, en teen 1947 moes die Stadsraad die verbod op tuisbrouery ophef. In 1956 het die plaaslike amptenare met hernude entoesiasme probeer om ’n munisipale monopolie op bierproduksie te bewerkstellig. In die proses moes hulle ’n skeptiese swart Adviesraad probeer oortuig alvorens hierdie besluit bekragtig kon word. Die Duncan Village Adviesraad het die amptenare se eie paternalistiese argumente gebruik om die besluit teë te staan. Hierdie wedersydse argumente is ’n insiggewende voorbeeld van die onderliggende dinamika van paternalistiese administrasie tydens die 1950s, en gee ’n waardevolle blik op stedelike swart politieke dinamika. Die artikel beskryf hierdie komplekse onderhandelinge oor ‘n termyn van sewe jaar tov Raadsbesluite en verslae, sowel as die 1957 SABRA simposium oor alkoholregulering. In 1962 het die bevindinge van ’n Kommissie van Ondersoek uiteindelik gelei het tot hernude munisipale bierproduksie in OosLonden. In ’n konteks van ingewikkelde rasseverhoudinge, het dit 25-jaar geneem vir die Oos-Londense stadsvaders om hulle wil as’tware op die swart gemeenskap van Duncan Village af te “dwing”.
Conceptual “envirobusion” in 21st century environmental issues in South Africa: past practices abusing present thought
Authors: Van Eeden Elize S.
Published: February 2024

Soos wat meer publikasies in die Sosiale en Menswetenskappe geproduseer word mbt ‘n verskeidenheid van temas tussen mens en omgewing na die industriële era, hoe komplekser raak dit om huidige, vroeg-21e eeuse, omgewingsaangeleenthede te begryp sowel as te benader. Die kompleksiteit is en word aangemoedig deurdat tradisionele omgewingsgerigte denke, wat byvoorbeeld steeds inherent in optredes van hoofbesoedelaars aanwesig is, nie oornag deur nuwe besondere wetgewing of deur wetenskaplike en sogenaamde effektiewe reguleringsmeganismes verander kan word nie. Gevolglik harmonieer al hierdie aktiwiteite, met die doel om ‘n meer aanvaarbare omgewing vir die mens te bewerkstellig, kwalik. Inteendeel, dit kom eerder voor asof die stemme daarin vervat mekaar dikwels weerspreek, en dit reflekteer ook – vanweë kompleksiteite – in wetenskaplikes se debattering van byvoorbeeld omgewingskonsepte (vandaar die gebruik van die ‘evirobusion’- konsep om hierdie versameling van kompleksiteite rakende ‘n benadering tot omgewings in die artikel te verwoord). Etlike omgewings pas binne hierdie komplekse ‘envirobusion”-tipe definisie. In die artikel word ‘n begrip van hierdie definisie bespreek asook hoe dit veral in die Merafong-omgewing (Carletonvillegebied in die Verre Wesrand) toepaslik kan wees as ‘n voorbeeld van “envirobusion”.
Uitdaging en antwoord: ‘n Vars perspektief op die evolusie van die Afrikaners
Authors: Tempelhoff J.W.N.
Published: February 2024

No abstract available.
‘n Vergelykende internasionale perspektief op die historiese verloop en invloed van Uitkomsgebaseerde Onderwys (UGO) op Geskiedenis as skoolvak in Suid-Afrika (Deel Twee)
Authors: Warnich Pieter , Meyer Lukas , Van Eeden Elize S.
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this follow-up article is twofold. Firstly, the article attempts to indicate how the teaching and learning of History in South Africa were influenced by the OBE History curriculum frameworks of the USA, Australia, England and New Zealand. Secondly, the article attempts to describe the impact that OBE had on the teaching and learning of History in South Africa, with specific reference to its effect on teachers and learners.Regarding the first objective, it was concluded that the design of the History curriculum frameworks of the mentioned overseas countries fundamentally influenced the design of the OBE History framework in South Africa. There are similarities with regard to not only the processes for acquiring the outcomes skills, but also the prescribed assessment practices. For instance, the requirements and expected levels of performance of learners in all the countries are determined by targets or standards that progressively increase in degree of difficulty for each year of schooling.As regards the second objective, it was found that the new teaching model was acceptable in principle to many teachers – as the implementers of the curriculum. These teachers therefore adapted their teaching and learning methods innovatively and in accordance with OBE directives. In contrast, there were teachers who had a negative attitude towards OBE, owing to difficulties in implementing OBE effectively. The obstacles centred on aspects such as the large number of learners in a class, the lack of sufficient physical resources and teaching and learning support materials, problems with assessment, and insufficient support of subject and curriculum advisers. Some of the History teachers were also of the opinion that the in-service training programmes intended to equip them to implement OBE effectively lacked practical relevance.
Reviewer Acknowledgement
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: February 2024

No abstract available.
IMU-Based Approach to Detect Spastic Cerebral Palsy in Infants at Early Stages
Authors: Sukhadia N , Kamboj P
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION: Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a non-progressive neurological disorder affecting muscle control in early childhood, leading to permanent alterations in body posture and movement. Early identification is crucial for accurate diagnosis and therapy-based interventions. In recent years, an automated monitoring system has been developed to facilitate the health assessment of infants, enabling early recognition of neurological dysfunctions in high-risk infants. However, the interpretation of these assessments lacks standardization and is subject to examiner bias.
OBJECTIVES: Many infants with CP exhibit increased tonic stretch reflexes due to Upper Motor Neuron Syndrome (UMNS), resulting from motor neuron damage that disrupts muscle signalling.
METHOD: To detect abnormal muscle reactions, our team employed an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensor, comprising three tri-axial sensors (accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer) that capture movement data continuously and unobtrusively. IMU sensors are compact, cost-effective, and have low processing requirements, requiring attachment to the infant's body to measure inter-body part angles. Our team analyzed muscle activity and posture using IMU sensors, collecting tri-axial data from 43 infants in real-time. Additional factors like age, stride length, and leg length were incorporated into the dataset.
RESULTS: Our team has applied various supervised machine learning approaches to predict CP in infants due to the limited dataset size, validating models through k-fold cross-validation. Among the models, Naive Bayes (NB) outperformed Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM), achieving an accuracy of 88%. CONCLUSION: This research contributes to the early detection and intervention of CP in infants, potentially improving their long-term outcomes.
On the complexity of extending the convergence domain of Newton’s method under the weak majorant condition
Authors: Argyros Ioannis K. , George Santhosh
Published: March 2024

The local analysis of convergence for Newton’s method has been extensively studied by numerous researchers under a plethora of sufficient conditions. However, the complexity of extending the convergence domain requires very general conditions such as the ones depending on the majorant principle in order to include as large classes of operators as possible. In the present article, such an analysis is developed under the weak majorant condition. The new results extend earlier ones using similar information. Finally, the numerical examples complement the theory.
О кванторной версии модальной логики Белнапа-Данна
Authors: Grefenshtein Alexander Vitalevich , Speranski Stanislav Olegovich
Published: March 2024

Разрабатывается кванторная версия пропозициональной модальной логики $\mathsf{BK}$ из статьи С. П. Одинцова и Х. Вансинга, в основе которой лежит (немодальная) система Белнапа-Данна; обозначим эту версию через $\mathsf{QBK}$. Сначала с помощью метода канонических моделей докажем, что $\mathsf{QBK}$, как и некоторые важные ее расширения, сильно полна относительно подходящей семантики возможных миров. Затем определим трансляции (в духе Гeделя-МакКинси-Тарского), точно вкладывающие кванторные версии конструктивных логик Нельсона в подходящие расширения $\mathsf{QBK}$. В заключение обсудим интерполяционные свойства для $\mathsf{QBK}$-расширений.
Библиография: 21 название.
Worldwide On-Board Diagnostic Requirements Overview
Authors:   Vehicle E E System Diagnostic Standards Committee
Published: March 2024

This document focuses on the latest in-force regulations. However, in addition to latest information, the report may include historical information. As regulations are superseded, the previous entry will remain to help understand the change in requirements over time. The initial focus of the document includes light-, medium-, and heavy-duty on-road vehicles with all propulsion systems. The document will include information from the United States and Canada, with later publications expanding to other regions. Forecasts for future regulations will not be included in the spreadsheet but be kept in a separate document. The document may be expanded to other types of applications/vehicles as information becomes available.
Constitutionalizing in the Anthropocene
Authors: Fleurke Floor , Leach Michael , Lindahl Hans , Paiement Phillip , Petersmann Marie , Somsen Han
Published: February 2024

The Anthropocene thesis, in its rejection of both the modernist separation between ‘humans’ and ‘nonhumans’ as well as in its treatment of ‘humans’ as a singular global geophysical force, presents fundamental challenges to constitutional theory and practice. First, in terms of conceptual and foundational transformations, the Anthropocene provokes the reconceptualization of legal relations as never being limited to human concerns, but as always and already part of more-than-human collectives. These legal relations are organized by the co-agency of humans and nonhumans, in recognition of shared vulnerabilities and in relations premised on care. This reconceptualization demands a new understanding of representational practices that could constitutionalize more-than-human relations as political and legal collectives. Second, emergent technologies such as genetic and climate engineering introduce fundamental questions about regulatory modalities available in the Anthropocene, and the role that law plays in this regard. Such technologies have given rise to the possibility of ‘ruling by design’, by technologically mediating ‘natural’ forces or Earth system processes to achieve pre-established regulatory goals. This possibility raises critical concerns about the remaining role for law in legitimising and enabling such developments. Finally, the temporal dimensions of the Anthropocene thesis cast a critical light on law’s potential for driving radical transformations in (un)governance. In imagining future legal architectures capable of manifesting more-than-human constitutionalism, it is necessary to excavate the historical role that foundational legal principles and institutions – such as sovereignty and personhood – have had in facilitating exploitative relations between and beyond humans.
Towards a planetary coalition (a Preamble)
Authors: Neyrat Frédéric
Published: February 2024

When ‘megafires’ and ‘superstorms’ proliferate, who is the real sovereign of the Anthropocene: anthropos, or nature become monstrous? In the Teracene (‘tera’ meaning ‘monster’), I argue that sovereignty should mean the right to refuse that which turns our existential situation into a horror film, in order to defend what preserves life’s endangered conditions of possibility. To build this right, I first need to deconstruct the concept of sovereignty and to reveal its groundlessness. Acknowledging this groundlessness, I propose an ‘ecopolitics without guarantees’ in which the otherness at the core of possible new Constitutions would not engender an alternative sovereign subject (a subject that would just replace anthropos or the ruling class), but rather an unconditional requirement and the rights that it legitimates. I explain that this unconditional requirement concerns the necessity of caring not only for future generations but also for past ones. I finish my article with a political fiction: the outline of a Preamble for a Constitution able to give voice to the damned of the Teracene. To acknowledge the existence of those suffering from the ongoing exploitation and colonization of the Earth and of those who wither from a future erased in advance, this speculative Preamble is centered not around the present but around the heteronomous, divergent temporality of that which never existed enough and that which threatens to fall out of existence entirely.
The Black Anthropocene: and the end(s) of the constitutionalizing project
Authors: Chandler David
Published: February 2024

This article is written in response to the assumptions and objectives of a recent project coming out of Tilburg Law School, called ‘Constitutionalizing in the Anthropocene’, but can be read just as easily as a stand-alone piece. The analysis presented here is based on an understanding of the concept ‘Anthropocene’ as rejecting modernist ontological assumptions about a split between human and nature. The concept says that this split is fictitious and can no longer hold in the present context of ecological crisis. The project to constitutionalize the conditions of living in the Anthropocene recognizes the importance of this shift but, this article argues, fails to fully acknowledge the implications for law. In contrast, this article explores the alternative concept of the ‘Black Anthropocene’ as a (para-)ontological understanding and an ethico-political response that better captures the concept of Anthropocene, including the legal implications. Grounded in the concept of Black Anthropocene, this article demarcates two distinct approaches to relationality and to the legal subject. It then utilizes this framing to rethink constitutionalization as disavowing the imbrication of law within a modernist ontology of separation and, as a result, the possibilities for constitutionalizing the Anthropocene at all. The article argues that focusing on anti-Blackness as central to the modernist ontology of human and world opens other possibilities for thought, leading us to question, rather than seek to preserve, the authority and legitimacy of projects of constitutionalization per se.
Slavonic Loanwords in the Book of Daniel Preserved in the South-Western Karaim Manuscript no. ADub.III.84
Authors: Cegiołka Dorota
Published: March 2024

The paper discusses the etymology of Slavonic loanwords found in a previously unpublished South-Western Karaim translation of the Book of Daniel copied into manuscript no. ADub.III.84. South-Western Karaims were surrounded by speakers of Polish, Ukrainian and Russian, with the linguistic contact instigating changes in Karaim over a period of several centuries. The present article focuses only on the Slavonic impact upon Karaim vocabulary and attempts to determine whether the borrowed words can be traced back to Polish, Ukrainian or Russian etymons. The loanwords are additionally compared with their counterparts in ancient Polish Bible translations.
Slavic languages in contact, 10: “Altaic” loanwords in Proto-Slavic – a contribution to the debate
Authors: Stachowski Marek
Published: March 2024

A discussion of the problem of “Altaic” influence on Proto-Slavic is the main focus of this paper. In its first part, chronological and terminological questions are presented; the second part is devoted to etymologies (*baranъ ‘ram’, *koza ‘goat’, *klobukъ ‘fur cap, hat’, *kъlbasa ‘sausage’, sablja ‘sabre’).
Expressiveness of SHACL Features and Extensions for Full Equality and Disjointness Tests
Authors: Bogaerts Bart , Jakubowski Maxime , Bussche Jan Van den
Published: February 2024

SHACL is a W3C-proposed schema language for expressing structural constraints
on RDF graphs. Recent work on formalizing this language has revealed a striking
relationship to description logics. SHACL expressions can use three fundamental
features that are not so common in description logics. These features are
equality tests; disjointness tests; and closure constraints. Moreover, SHACL is
peculiar in allowing only a restricted form of expressions (so-called targets)
on the left-hand side of inclusion constraints.
The goal of this paper is to obtain a clear picture of the impact and
expressiveness of these features and restrictions. We show that each of the
four features is primitive: using the feature, one can express boolean queries
that are not expressible without using the feature. We also show that the
restriction that SHACL imposes on allowed targets is inessential, as long as
closure constraints are not used.
In addition, we show that enriching SHACL with "full" versions of equality
tests, or disjointness tests, results in a strictly more powerful language.
Variable binding and substitution for (nameless) dummies
Authors: Hirschowitz André , Hirschowitz Tom , Lafont Ambroise , Maggesi Marco
Published: March 2024

By abstracting over well-known properties of De Bruijn's representation with
nameless dummies, we design a new theory of syntax with variable binding and
capture-avoiding substitution. We propose it as a simpler alternative to Fiore,
Plotkin, and Turi's approach, with which we establish a strong formal link. We
also show that our theory easily incorporates simple types and equations
between terms.
Trend Mapping of Traditional Ceremonial Studies: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Syam Syahrianti , Wandi Wandi
Published: February 2024

The rising popularity of traditional rituals and ceremonies globally, including in Indonesia, has sparked interest both as heritage practices passed down through generations and as contemporary subjects of study. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of trends in the study of traditional ceremonies through a systematic literature review. However, the current abstract falls short of elucidating the specific criteria used to select the 200 articles. To address this, the study employed a systematic literature review approach, examining 200 scholarly articles on traditional ceremonies sourced from Google Scholar and Crossref databases spanning the years 2012 to 2022. The systematic literature review utilized the Publish or Perish application to gather metadata from Google Scholar and Crossref, with subsequent data visualization facilitated by the VOSviewer application. The outcomes of the study encompass three main findings: 1) Mapping clusters of study themes related to traditional ceremonies, 2) Identifying the network of authors whose works predominantly contribute to the field of traditional ceremonies, and 3) Uncovering gaps and novel aspects within the realm of traditional ceremony studies. While the abstract outlines these results, a more detailed elaboration is essential to enhance the overall depth and contribution of the study. Specifically, elucidating the criteria used for article selection and providing a more thorough explanation of the mapping clusters and identified gaps will significantly improve the clarity and impact of the research.
PEMANFAATAN MEDIA SOSIAL DENGAN KREATIVITAS BELAJAR SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PKN DI SKELAS IX SMP NEGERI 21 MEDAN TAHUN 2023
Authors: Laia Tulus Hati , Nduru Alexander , Naiborhu Murni , Purba Alimin , Manullang Manahan
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui korelasi yang signifikan antara Pemanfaatan Media Sosial dengan Kreativitas Belajar Siswa Dalam Pembelajaran Pkn Siswa Kelas IX SMP Negeri 21 Medan Tahun 2023. Jenis penelitian yang di gunakan adalah deskriptif korelasi. Dalam pengambilang sampel digunakan tabel krejie yang di dasarkan atas kesalahan mempunyai kepercayaan 95% terhadap populasi sehingga jumlah sampel yang di perlukan yaitu 68 siswa. Angket digunakan sebagai instrumen penelitian yang terdiri dari 27 item yang memiliki 4 pilihan (a,b,c,d) yang sebelumnya telah di uji validitasi dan reabilitasnya. Hasil uji persyaratan data pemanfaatan media sosial berdistribusi normal dengan perhitungan X2h < X2t = 1.821 < 88.25016. Data normalitas kreativitas belajar siswa berdistribusi normal dengan hasil perhitungan X2h < X2t = 0.48 < 88.25016. Hasil uji linearitas data pemanfaatan media sosial dengan kreativitas belajar siswa adalah linear dengan persamaan Y = 4,58 + 5,40 (68) = 67,86 di konsultasikan dengan Fh > Ft (18,17 > 2,744). Uji kecenderungan Pemanfaatan Media Sosial di Siswa Kelas X SMP Negeri 21 Medan cenderung rendah (38,22%) dan kreativitas belajar siswa di Siswa Kelas X SMP Negeri 21 Medan cenderung cukup (33,81%). Hasil uji korelasi Product Moment yang di peroleh thitung>ttabel (10,402>1.668). Maka ada korelasi antara Pemanfaatan Media Sosial dengan Kreativitas Belajar Siswa pada mata pelajaran PKN siswa kelas IX di SMP Negeri 21 Medan, tahun 2023. Untuk menguji taraf signifikan X dan Y digunakan rumus Product Moment maka di peroleh peroleh thitung>ttabel (10,402>1.668). Berdasarkan data sebelumnya diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa ada korelasi yang signifikan antara Pemanfaatan Media Sosial dengan Kreativitas Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran PKN Siswa Kelas IX di SMP Negeri 21 Medan, tahun 2023.
PENANAMAN NILAI-NILAI PERSATUAN BANGSA DENGAN SIKAP SOLIDARITAS SISWA KELAS X SMA WASTA KRISTEN IMMANUEL MEDAN T.A 2022/2023
Authors: Laia Atosokhi , Pakpahan Enjelina , Nababan Rosma , Purba Alimin
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan yang signifikan antara penanaman nilai-nilai Persatuan Bangsa dengan Solidaritas Siswa Kelas X SMA Swasta Kristen Immanuel Medan Tahun 2023. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif korelasional. Seluruh partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 35 siswa SMA Swasta Kristen Immanuel Medan tahun 2023, dan sampel penelitian sebanyak 35 orang dengan menggunakan teknik total sampel. Instrumen pengumpulan data adalah angket dan dokumentasi. Kuesioner berjumlah 20 item dengan empat pilihan (a,b,c,d) yang diuji terlebih dahulu untuk mengetahui validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Hasil persyaratan uji normalitas data Penanaman Nilai-Nilai Persatuan Bangsa siswa Kelas X  SMA Swasta Kristen Immanuel Medan Semester Genap Tahun Ajaran 2022/2023 pada taraf signifikan 5% diperoleh X²hitung < X²tabel (30,34 < 49,80) dan Sikap Solidaritas Siswa Kelas X  SMA Swasta Kristen Immanuel Medan Semester Genap Tahun Ajaran 2022/2023 diperoleh X²hitung < X²tabel  (21,99 < 49,80), maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa data kedua variabel penelitian berdistribusi normal. Hasil uji  linieritas data Penanaman Nilai-Nilai Persatuan Bangsa siswa Kelas X  SMA Swasta Kristen Immanuel Medan Semester Genap Tahun Ajaran 2022/2023 adalah linier, dengan persamaan Y= 19,31 + 0,74 x  pada taraf signifikan 5% dikonsultasikan dengan Fhitung, maka Fhitung > Ftabel (49,40 > 4,14). Hasil uji kecenderungan Penanaman Nilai-Nilai Persatuan Bangsa siswa Kelas X  SMA Swasta Kristen Immanuel Medan Semester Genap Tahun Ajaran 2022/2023   kategori  baik (28,57%) dan Sikap Solidaritas Siswa Kelas X  SMA Swasta kristen  Immanuel Medan Semester Genap Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023 kategori cukup (25,71%). Hasil uji korelasi diperoleh  rhitung > rtabel (0,775 > 0,334), maka hal ini menunjukkan ada hubungan Penanaman Nilai-Nilai Persatuan Bangsa Dengan Sikap Solidaritas Siswa Kelas X  SMA Swasta Kristen Immanuel Medan Semester Genap Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023. Selanjutnya dilakukan  uji t, diperoleh  thitung > ttabel  (5,452 > 1,689) maka hal ini menunjukkan bahwa hipotesa yang berbunyi ada hubungan yang signifikan antara Penanaman Nilai-Nilai Persatuan Bangsa Dengan Sikap Solidaritas Siswa Kelas X  SMA Swasta Kristen Immanuel Medan Semester Genap Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023.
PERAN GURU PPKn DALAM MENANGGULANGI KENAKALAN REMAJA DI SMA SWASTA KRISTEN IMMANUEL MEDAN TAHUN 2023
Authors: Situmorang Meriati , Hutabarat Belvin , Naiborhu Murni
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana peran guru PPKn dalam menanggulangi kenakalan remaja di SMA Swasta Kristen Immanuel Medan. Penelitian ini menggunakan perspektif pendekatan kualitatif. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kolerasional, Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan peneliti dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kepustakan (Library Research) dan metode penelitian lapangan (Field Research) yaitu wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah guru mata Pelajaran PPKn di SMA Swasta Kristen Immanuel Medan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa bentuk-bentuk kenakalan remaja yang sering dilakukan peserta didik diantaranya bertengkar/berkelahi, rambut Panjang bagi siswa putra, merokok diarea lingkungan sekolah, dan penyalahgunaan teknologi. Ada beberapa Tindakan yang dapat dilakukan dalam Upaya penanggulangan kenakalan remaja terkait dengan fungsi, tujuan dan peran guru PPKn yaitu Tindakan Preventif dan represif, Tindakan kuratif dan rehabilitasi. Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya kenakalan remaja yaitu kurangnya kesadaran peserta didik, perhatian orangtua dan pengaruh dari lingkungan sekitar. Salah satu faktor yang menjadi penyebab timbulnya kenakalan remaja karena pengaruh lingkungan sekitar. Adapupun hambatan yang dialami guru yaitu hambatan Internal yaitu kurangnya kesadaran kesadaran dari peserta didik, dan hambatan eksternal yaitu pergaulan dengan teman yang nakal. Dimana kenakalan yang dilakukan peserta didik hambatannya yaitu timbul dari dalam diri peserta didik tersebut. mengenai kesadaran peserta didik dalam melakukan kenakalan masih kurang. Sehingga belum terlalu paham mengenai akibat yang akan timbul ketika melakukan kenakalan.  Peserta didik tidak mengetahui apakah perbuatannya merugikan orang lain atau tidak. Seperti yang sering dikatakan orang, ketika kita berteman dengan teman yang baik dia akan membawa dampak yang baik untuk kita tetapi ketika kita bergaul dengan teman yang sering melakukan kenakalan kita akan ikut melakukan kenakalan. Disini dapat disimpulkan, bahwa peserta didik harus pintar memilih atau memperhatikan dengan siapa dia bergaul atau berteman karena pergaulan peserta didik di kelas dengan teman yang nakal dapat mempengaruhi peserta didik dimana dari pengaruh teman yang nakal akhirnya menyebabkan peserta didik melakukan kenakalan
KOMUNIKASI GURU DAN SISWA DENGAN KEAKTIFAN BELAJAR SISWA KELAS XI SMAN 20 MEDAN TAHUN 2023
Authors: Perangin-Angin Siti Fidia , Hulu Oknomsa , Nababan Rosma
Published: February 2024

Riset ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan yang signifikan antara komunikasi guru dan siswa dengan kinerja belajar siswa di Kelas XI SMA Negeri 20 Medan tahun ajaran 2023/2024. Jenis Riset ini yakni deskriptif korelasional. Populasi Riset ini yakni seluruh siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 20 Medan yang berjumlah 169 siswa. Sampel Riset ini berjumlah 33 orang dengan menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling sehingga jumlah sampel dari populasi sebanyak 33 orang. Instrumen Riset ini berupa angket yang terdiri dari 30 item, 15 item untuk variabel X, 15 item untuk variabel Y, 13 item untuk variabel X yang valid, dan 12 item untuk variabel Y yang valid, dengan 4 pilihan. (a,b,c,d) terlebih dahulu diperiksa validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Hasil uji analisis umum kebutuhan data Komunikasi antara guru dan siswa berdistribusi normal dengan menghitung X2hitung < X2tabel (11,16 < 47,40). Data normalitas aktivitas belajar siswa berdistribusi normal dengan hasil perhitungan X2hitung < X2tabel (16,43 < 47,40). Hasil uji linier data komunikasi guru dan siswa Y = 40,190 + 0,039 X linier dengan persamaan yang diperoleh dengan berkonsultasi dengan Ftabel yakni sangat tinggi (54,5%) dan tinggi (48,4%) pada kelompok kinerja belajar siswa ( kamu). Hasil uji korelasi product moment diperoleh t > tt (5,59 > 1,69), sehingga menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara komunikasi guru dan siswa dengan prestasi belajar siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 20 Medan tahun 2023/2024.
Penerapan Balance Scorecard dalam Rangka Pengukuran Kinerja Perusahaan PT. Anugrah Iyan Pratama Makassar
Authors: Rahmita Annisa Dwi , Alam Syamsu , Bakri Asriadi
Published: February 2024

Anugrah Iyan Pratama is a company that operates in the field of trade in health devices. PT. Anugrah Iyan Pratama needs to have a proper performance measurement system framework. Nowadays, the phenomenon that often occurs in PT. Anugrah Iyan Pratama is the inappropriate delivery of goods and payments that are often not on time due to something from the internal company. This phenomenon has a negative impact on long-term agility and success, so it needs to be based on a balanced scorecard in both performance and existing perspectives, such as a financial perspective consisting of return on investment (ROI), profit margin, and growth rate revenue, customer perspectives, internal business process perspectives, and growth and learning perspectives. This research aimed to test hypotheses, solved problems, and achieve goals.Based on the results of the research and discussions that have been outlined, the measurement of the financial perspective of PT. Anugrah Iyan Pratama Makassar showed excellent performance. This could be seen from ROI, profit margin, and growth in revenue. The measurement from the customer perspective of PT. Anugrah Iyan Pratama Makassar showed good performance. This could be seen from the excellent customer growth rate. Measuring from an internal business perspective that included company innovation and after-sales service showed good company performance because the company has strived to deliver better change in innovation. The evaluation of the performance achieved by PT. Anugrah Iyan Pratama Makassar as a whole was said to be good or satisfactory.
Analysis of Factors Affecting the Quality of Corn and the Supply Chain as An Animal Feed Ingredient in Karo District, North Sumatra
Authors: Susilo Joko , Tafsin Ma’ruf , Julianti Elisa
Published: March 2024

This study aims determine the quality of corn, analyze the factors that influence corn quality and analyze differences in corn prices at the farmer and marketing level in Karo Regency. This research was carried out in Karo Regency in May - July 2023 with a total of 98 respondents. It used multiple linear analysis. The results of the research show that the quality of corn available to farmers and marketing meets SNI requirements as raw material for animal feed. The results of multiple regression analysis show that water content, supply chain and harvest season have a significant effect on corn quality in Karo Regency. The marketing margin for farmers is as high as IDR 523/kg, while at marketing level it is IDR 1,012/kg. The farmer share obtained at farmer level was 89.24%, while at marketing level it was 82.71%.
Characteristics of Morphology, Reproductive and Physiological Response of Swamp Buffalo on Different Lands in West Aceh Regency
Authors: Rahmatullah Riki , Umar Sayed , Handarini Ristika
Published: March 2024

Swamp buffaloes are among the most sought-after livestock for meat production in West Aceh Regency. Therefore, an analysis of their production and reproduction is necessary to determine the direction for potential development. The objective of this research is to analyze the characteristics of morphology, reproductive efficiency, and physiological response of swamp buffaloes in different plains in West Aceh Regency. The study was conducted in West Aceh Regency on different plains, including coastal plains and undulating plains, from May to September 2023. The variables measured include quantitative traits, reproductive efficiency, and physiological response, evaluated based on rectal temperature, with a total of 200 animal samples and 100 respondents. The analysis used multiple linear regression and t-test. The research results indicate that the most common quantitative traits such as body length, chest width, chest circumference, hip width, and body weight are influenced (P<0.05) by different plain conditions. Productive performance in terms of age at first marriage variable and reproductive efficiency is influenced (P<0.05) by different plain condition. The physiological response of buffaloes shows that rectal temperature is influenced (P<0.05) by different plain conditions. These both conditions also impacted the quality of swamp buffaloes’ meats that could impact the income of breeders.
The Network Security in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review
Authors:   Department of Computer Application, Dr. APJ Abdul KalamUniversity, Indore (M.P.)India, Gupta Dinesh Kumar , Pathak Dr. Deepika ,   Department of Computer Application, Dr. APJ Abdul KalamUniversity, Indore (M.P.)India
Published: March 2024

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is an innovative technology predicts to be used ever more in the next to future due to their data achievement and data processing capability. Security for WSN requires to be considered in order to defend the functionality of this network such as the information it communicate and the position of nodes. The safety models & protocols used in traditional networks are not appropriate to WSNs because of its limited resource constraints.
Production Biodiesel from Vegetable Oils Using Duck Egg Shell Catalyst
Authors:   Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, Universitas Muslim Indonesia Jl Urip Sumoharjo KM 5, Makassar Indonesia 90231, Suryanto A. , Mustafiah Mustafiah ,   Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, Universitas Muslim Indonesia Jl Urip Sumoharjo KM 5, Makassar Indonesia 90231, Putri Maulidya Dwi ,   Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, Universitas Muslim Indonesia Jl Urip Sumoharjo KM 5, Makassar Indonesia 90231, Nurfadilah Nurfadilah ,   Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, Universitas Muslim Indonesia Jl Urip Sumoharjo KM 5, Makassar Indonesia 90231
Published: March 2024

Population growth causes energy needs to increase. Energy needs in Indonesia currently still depend on petroleum fuel. This research aims to determine the effect of the concentration of adding catalyst from egg shells on the production of biodiesel and determine the quality of biodiesel produced using egg shell catalyst. This research was carried out in 2 stages, namely catalyst preparation and the biodiesel manufacturing process. In catalyst preparation, egg shells that have been washed clean are then dried and crushed, then calcined using a furnace at a temperature of 1000°C for 7 hours. Next is the stage of making biodiesel using the conventional method which is carried out with variations in catalyst concentration of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% (w/w). The research results showed that the best product yield was 78% at a concentration of 3% in 2 hours with a specific gravity of 0.889 gr/cm3 and a viscosity of 5.74 cSt.
Bullying and Cyberbullying: Aspects and Dimensions
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Social Work University of West Attica, Sklavou Konstantina
Published: March 2024

Bullying is a global, social phenomenon that has taken on alarming proportions, especially in recent decades, and seriously threatens the smooth psycho-emotional and social development of children and adolescents, as it is expressed in direct or indirect physical, sexual or verbal violence. This article seeks to approach the phenomenon, its characteristics and the causes of each aggressive behavior, with the aim of describing the effects on the functioning of children and consequently the family, school and the wider social environment.