bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Nature Tourism and Forest Conservation Strategies Based on Forest Wellness Tourism Demand: A Case Study of Royal Belum State Park, Malaysia
Authors: Zhang Xing , Dolah Jasni , Cao Zihao
Published: February 2025

The importance of natural resources in tourism has been widely recognized, and the conservation of forest ecology is seen as a key factor in promoting sustainable tourism. However, there is a lack of in-depth research on sustainable nature tourism and forest ecology conservation that incorporates tourist demands. In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted with 370 tourists from Royal Belum State Park, Malaysia, and the KANO model was combined with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to categorize and weigh the demands. The data analysis showed that out of 22 demand indicators, 5 indicators were must-have qualities, 8 indicators were one-dimensional qualities, 5 indicators were attractive qualities, and 4 indicators were indifferent qualities. Based on the AHP, a more precise weighting between different demands was obtained, showing the importance of tourist demands. The results of the study not only enriched the theoretical framework of forest wellness tourism but also contributed to helping tourism developers in Royal Belum State Park to formulate a more targeted development strategy to promote the sustainable development of nature tourism, as well as helping to provide a scientific basis for guiding the conservation of forest ecology.
Random Plasmonic Laser Based on Bismuth/Aluminum/Yttria/Silver Co-Doped Silica Fiber with Microcavity Shaped Tip
Authors: de la Fuente León José Augusto , Martínez Gámez Ma. Alejandrina , Lucio Martinez José Luis , Kir’yanov Alexander V. , Hernández Chahín Karim Gibrán , Paul Mukul Chandra
Published: February 2025

In this study, we demonstrate a proof of principle of an all-fiber random laser due to the plasmonic effect. This was achieved with a fiber co-doped with bismuth/aluminum/yttria/silver in which a microsphere (microcavity) at the fiber’s tip was made using a splicing machine. The presence of bismuth and silver nanoparticles in the fiber along with bismuth–aluminum phototropic centers stands behind the observed phenomenon. The effect can be attributed to the in-pair functioning of this unit as an active medium and volumetric plasmonic feedback, resulting in lasing at 807 nm under 532 nm pumping with a notably low (~2 mW) threshold.
Polyurethane Materials for Fire Retardancy: Synthesis, Structure, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Zhang Jiemin , Yeoh Guan Heng , Kabir Imrana I.
Published: February 2025

As the demand for high-performance polymers broadens, polyurethane (PU) polymers with various chemical modifications have attracted attention. This review explores the chemical structure and functional variations of PUs. PUs are used in a variety of fields, ranging from aerospace engineering to daily necessities, and show remarkable safety adaptability through designable synthesis processes. This study is divided into four main parts: (1) synthesis and structure, covering the synthesis of PU base and modification of additive compounds; (2) performance, studying physical properties and thermal degradation processes; (3) application, evaluating the commercial potential of PU polymers; and (4) flame retardancy, analyzing five established flame-retardant mechanisms. The last part discusses how PUs can meet sustainable development goals by replacing petroleum-based materials with green materials. By emphasizing non-petroleum resources and novel, sustainable modification strategies, this review conducts guidance for the safe and environmentally friendly application of PUs in the future.
Glycosylation on the Antifreeze and Antioxidant Capacities of Tilapia Gelatin Hydrolysates
Authors: Liu Ying , Tu Zongcai , Lu Qiuyu , Zhan Shengnan , Jia Ru , Qiao Zhaohui , Wei Huamao , Huang Tao
Published: February 2025

The antifreeze and antioxidant capacities of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) gelatin hydrolysates were investigated, after glycosylation with saccharides of varying molecular weights, to enhance their functional properties to widen its commercial application in frozen aquatic products. Glycosylation was conducted by mixing gelatin hydrolysates with ribose, glucose, maltose, and dextran (20 kDa) at a 1:1 mass ratio; the glycosylation products had a pH of 10 and were incubated at 80 °C for 1 h. The results showed that the glycosylation degree ranked as: ribose > glucose > maltose > dextran. The mass spectrometry analysis showed that 17, 32, and 5 glycosylation sites were identified for ribose, glucose, and maltose, respectively, suggesting a molecular weight-dependent effect. Spectroscopic analyses, including ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy, revealed that the gelatin hydrolysate structure was expanded, with chromophores in hydrophilic environments; a blue shift in the amide A and II bands confirmed that the amino group was involved. Fluorescence spectroscopy showed conformational changes with a red shift at 303.4 nm and a reduction in intensity. Antifreeze activity, such as catalase freezing protection and shrimp surimi protein stability, and antioxidant activity, including radical scavenging and metal ion chelation, were significantly improved. Ribose exhibited the strongest effects, followed by maltose and glucose. These results demonstrate the potential of glycosylation to improve gelatin hydrolysates for functional applications.
Isolation and Characterisation of Acid Soluble Collagens and Pepsin Soluble Collagens from Eel (Anguilla japonica Temminck et Schlegel) Skin and Bone
Authors: Zhang Ningning , Guo Shaoli , Zheng Yuting , Li Weili
Published: February 2025

Eel (Anguilla japonica) is an important and valuable food fish in East Asia and its by-products have been reported to include bioactive and profitable components. This study aimed to extract, characterise, and compare the structure and properties of acid-soluble collagens (ASCs) and pepsin-soluble collagens (PSCs) from the skin and bone of eel (Anguilla japonica), providing insights into their composition, structure, and properties for various applications. The yields of ASC-S (from skin), PSC-S (from skin), ASC-B (from bone), and PSC-B (from bone) were 12.16%, 15.54%, 0.79%, and 1.34% on a dry weight basis, respectively. Glycine, the dominant amino acid, accounted for 16.66% to 22.67% of total amino acids in all samples. SDS-PAGE and FTIR analyses showed the typical triple-helical structure of type I collagen with slight variations in molecular order in extract and intermolecular cross-linking between skin and bone collagens. The denaturation temperature (Tmax1) measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is 81.39 °C and 74.34 °C, respectively, for ASC-B and ASC-S. Bone collagen has higher thermal resistance than skin collagen. Surface morphology imaged using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that the bone collagen had a denser network structure, whilst the skin collagen was more fibrous and porous. The findings suggest that eel-derived collagens from skin and bone can serve as potential alternatives in the food, cosmetic, and healthcare industries.
Effects of Prolonged Pomace Contact on Color and Mouthfeel Characteristics in Merlot Wine During the Ageing Process Under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Yuan Jiang-Feng , Qin Hui-Min , Wang Li-Juan , Yang Xiao-Wen , Li Yang , Wan Ning-Bo , Zhang Jie
Published: February 2025

Wine color and mouthfeel are essential organoleptic characteristics considered by consumers. In this paper, the potential impacts on color and mouthfeel characteristics in wine, without pomace or prolonged pomace contact after different microwave treatment times, were investigated during storage. The results indicated that the trend changes in color and mouthfeel related parameters (including visible spectrum, brightness, red hue, yellow hue, color difference, saturation, hue angle, total polyphenol content, total monomer anthocyanins, total tannins, total flavan-3-ols, epigallocatechin, catechin, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, and fluorescence spectrum) after microwave-treated and natural aged wines without pomace and prolong pomace contact were very similar. Moreover, changes in these organoleptic parameters of microwave-treated wine were faster than those of untreated wine, which required a long aging time in traditional processing. Also, microwave treatment had a long-term influence on color and mouthfeel characteristics. All these results showed that prolonged pomace contact technology could obviously improve the clarity and yellowness of wine, and microwave technology could reduce wine aging and rapidly change its color and mouthfeel characteristics. In summary, prolonged pomace contact technology is an interesting strategy to replace traditional fining agents. Microwave technology, as an efficient artificial aging technology, might reduce aging time and rapidly change organoleptic characteristics for producing high quality wine.
The Relationship Between the Fractal Dimension and the Evolution of Rock-Forming Minerals Crystallization on the Example of the Northwestern Part of the Lovozero Intrusion
Authors: Huber Miłosz , Stępniewska Klaudia , Huber Mirosław Wiktor
Published: February 2025

This article presents the results of fractal texture analyses of selected minerals (aegirine, eudialyte, orthoclase) in the northwestern part of the Lovozero intrusion. This intrusion is located in northeastern Scandinavia and is a massif made of alkaline rocks. There are rocks such as massive syenites and porphyrtes, as well as iiolites, urtites, and foyaites, accompanied by metasomatic rocks of the contact zone. A box-counting fractal dimension was used to numerically represent the texture of these minerals. In the further part, this coefficient was visualized in the form of maps superimposed on the study area, and some simple arithmetic calculations were performed to highlight the common features of this dimension for the selected rock-forming minerals. In conjunction with the geological interpretation of these results, rock-forming processes in this massif were depicted. This work is preliminary, showing the potential of this calculation method in petrological applications.
Learning Optimal Strategies in a Duel Game
Authors: Gkekas Angelos , Apostolidou Athina , Vernadou Artemis , Kehagias Athanasios
Published: February 2025

We study a duel game in which each player has incomplete knowledge of the game parameters. We present a simple, heuristically motivated and easily implemented algorithm by which, in the course of repeated plays, each player estimates the missing parameters and consequently learns his optimal strategy.
Integrated Care in Atrial Fibrillation: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Improve Clinical Outcomes and Quality of Life
Authors: Machado Ana Mónica , Leite Fernanda , Pereira M. Graça
Published: February 2025

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia globally, associated with serious complications such as stroke and heart failure, as well as significant impacts on patients’ quality of life. Objectives: This theoretical article explores the role of integrated care in the management of AF, highlighting the need for a multidisciplinary approach that goes beyond rhythm and heart rate control. Methods: Through a review of the literature, this article explores the prevalence of AF, the challenges of diagnosis, the socioeconomic and psychological impact, as well as the benefits of integrating medical, psychological, and social interventions, drawing on insights from studies about integrative care in AF. Results: The findings highlight the challenges of managing AF, including its high prevalence, complex diagnosis, and significant socioeconomic and psychological impacts on patients. Integrated care models, combining medical, psychological, and social interventions, improve treatment adherence, reduce complications like stroke and heart failure, and enhance patient quality of life. Conclusions: Integrated care models hold significant promise in improving outcomes in AF patients through structured, multidisciplinary approaches. Evidence supports reductions in cardiovascular events, hospitalizations, and mortality when adhering to clinical guidelines, emphasizing patient education, and implementing individualized care strategies. Despite challenges, like regional disparities and suboptimal implementation, the integration of multidisciplinary teams and emerging technologies offers a way to enhance care delivery and accessibility. Future efforts should focus on personalizing care, promoting professional collaboration, and taking advantage of technological advances to optimize AF management and promote sustainable health systems.
Integrated Lithium-Rich yLi2MnO3∙(1-y)LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 Layered Cathode Nanomaterials for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Abdel-Ghany Ashraf E. , El-Tawil Rasha S. , Hashem Ahmed M. , Mauger Alain , Julien Christian M.
Published: February 2025

Integrated Li- and Mn-rich layered cathodes yLi2MnO3∙(1-y)LiMO2 (M = Mn, Co, and Ni) have shown their ability to deliver specific capacities close to 300 mAh g−1, but their significant drawbacks are capacity fading and voltage decay during cycling. In this study, new stoichiometric high-voltage Li-rich oxides with y = 0.0, 0.3, and 0.5 are synthesized in identical conditions using a sol–gel method. These compositions were analyzed to determine their optimal configuration and to understand their extraordinary behavior. Their nanostructural properties were investigated using XRD and Raman spectroscopy, while the morphology and grain-size distribution of the samples were characterized by BET, SEM and HRTEM analyses. The electrochemical performances of the integrated Li- and Mn-rich compounds were evaluated through galvanostatic cycling and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The best cathode material 0.5Li2MnO3∙0.5LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 had a capacity retention of 83.6% after 100 cycles in the potential range 2.0–4.8 V vs. Li+/Li.
A Framework for Blockchain Alignment for Implementing Public Business Registers: A European Perspective
Authors: Stolarski Piotr , Lewańska Elżbieta , Abramowicz Witold , Schweighofer Erich
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the alignment of blockchain architecture with the specific requirements of public business registers in Europe. Through a comprehensive literature review, categorization of blockchain models, and analysis of European public business registry cases, this study develops a framework to guide blockchain adoption in public registries. A distributed ledger taxonomy tailored for business registers is presented. This article also introduces a registry mapping procedure and addresses security concerns essential for the transition to blockchain-based architectures. Blockchain technology, popularized in 2009, has evolved into a versatile tool with applications across various domains, including the public sector, where its potential for decentralized solutions is especially promising. In particular, strategic systems that constitute the backbone of the legal and economic order require special considerations providing superior quality and the appropriate level of security. This study proposes a categorization method, outlines a registry mapping procedure, and discusses security concerns integral to blockchain implementation in public registries. The potential of blockchain technology to change the architecture of public business registries is also discussed.
RETRACTED: Mano, T. Application of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation over the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Pilot Study. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 798
Authors: Mano Tomoo
Published: February 2025

The journal retracts the article titled “Application of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation over the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Alzheimer’s Disease” [...]
Machine Learning Framework for Hybrid Clad Characteristics Modeling in Metal Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Tayebati Sina , Cho Kyu Taek
Published: February 2025

Metal additive manufacturing (MAM) has advanced significantly, yet accurately predicting clad characteristics from processing parameters remains challenging due to process complexity and data scarcity. This study introduces a novel hybrid machine learning (ML) framework that integrates validated multi-physics computational fluid dynamics simulations with experimental data, enabling prediction of clad characteristics unattainable through conventional methods alone. Our approach uniquely incorporates physics-aware features, such as volumetric energy density and linear mass density, enhancing process understanding and model transferability. We comprehensively benchmark ML models across traditional, ensemble, and neural network categories, analyzing their computational complexity through Big O notation and evaluating both classification and regression performance in predicting clad geometries and process maps. The framework demonstrates superior prediction accuracy with sub-second inference latency, overcoming limitations of purely experimental or simulation-based methods. The trained models generate processing maps with 0.95 AUC (Area Under Curve) accuracy that directly guide MAM parameter selection, bridging the gap between theoretical modeling and practical process control. By integrating physics-based simulations with ML techniques and physics-aware features, our approach achieves an R2 of 0.985 for clad geometry prediction and improved generalization over traditional methods, establishing a new standard for MAM process modeling. This research advances both theoretical understanding and practical implementation of MAM processes through a comprehensive, physics-aware machine learning approach.
Impact of Geopolitical Risks on Herding Behavior in Some MENA Stock Markets
Authors: Medhioub Imed
Published: February 2025

In this study, we examine the herding behavior in MENA stock markets in response to global geopolitical risk by using daily data, ranging from 4 January 2011 to 31 December 2023, on stock-listed companies in some MENA countries (Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, and Tunisia) and the daily geopolitical risk index. In our analysis, we consider that investors’ behavior varies depending on the global economic and political period conditions. We use quantile regression analysis to investigate the effect of asymmetry on herding behavior among investors during bearish and bullish market conditions. The results show that herding behavior is evident in all stock markets, except for the Lebanon market, at a lower 5% quantile during down-market periods. A significant estimated coefficient of geopolitical risk was detected on the dispersion of stock returns, except for the stock markets of Morocco and Saudi Arabia. We found that a high level of geopolitical risk contributes to an increase in dispersion in the Lebanese stock market whereas it is associated with a high probability of increasing herding in the Jordanian and Tunisian stock markets. This paper contributes to the existing literature by explaining the impact of geopolitical risks on herding behavior in six MENA countries. This can be considered to be an empirical contribution as we propose to introduce the effect of geopolitical risks on the basis model of herding. Our findings can have significant implications for investors and policymakers in financial markets.
Can Sustainability (ESG) Controversies Be Offset with Advertising? An Empirical Investigation into Advertising, Negative ESG, and Firm Value
Authors: Hanson Nicole , Sharpe Stacey
Published: February 2025

Can advertising improve firm value following an incident of negative sustainability (i.e., a negative environmental, social or governance (NESG) occurrence?) This study provides an empirical investigation into NESG, its individual domains, and the mitigating role of advertising on firm value. We investigate firm level ESG sustainability violations and any corresponding advertising expenditures, utilized to counter negative opinions. First, we examine whether an NESG occurrence reduces firm value. Next, we investigate if firms experiencing an NESG occurrence alter their advertising expenditures and assess the resulting impact of this advertising spending on firm value. Finally, we determine if certain NESG occurrences benefit more from advertising than others. Using a sample of firms which engaged in at least one NESG event between 1995 and 2019, we find that firms increase advertising as a way to engage in damage control. Increasing advertising expenditures to offset NESG occurrences ultimately impacts firm value. Specifically, increasing advertising helps to reduce the NESG occurrence’s effect on firm value, but the individual domains of ESG do not respond the same to advertising efforts, suggesting that advertising as a mitigation tool remains nuanced, with the greatest positive effect being for environmental crises, no significant effect for social crises, and a negative effect for governance crises.
The Role of Gender Equality at the Country Level on the Relationship Between Women’s Board Representation and Sustainability Assurance Adoption
Authors: Alsahali Kholod F.
Published: February 2025

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of gender equality in the relationship between the critical mass of women’s representation on boards and companies’ decisions to adopt external assurance on their sustainability reports. Design and methodology: The relationship is investigated using secondary data from an international sample of 1924 firms across 41 countries sourced from the Eikon database, ensuring comprehensive coverage of firms that publish sustainability reports. The study uses a logistic regression model to study two aspects: first, the relationship between the critical mass of women’s representation on boards and companies’ decisions to provide external assurance on their sustainability reports, and second, the moderating role of countries’ gender equality policies using the World Bank’s Women, Business and the Law (WBL) index. Findings: The findings of this study indicate that in the case of sustainability assurance adoption, the critical mass of women’s representation on boards is important in countries where the gender equality index is low. Therefore, this study extends the findings of prior studies investigating the critical mass of women’s representation on boards by proving that critical mass is more effective in countries that have a lower gender equality index. Originality: The two main contributions of this study are the findings that (i) the association of women’s representation on boards with companies’ decisions to provide assurance over their sustainability reports is affected by critical mass, and (ii) the critical mass of women’s representation on boards is essential in countries that have a lower gender equality index.
Health-Related Quality of Life, Body Mass Index and the 10-Metre Walk Test in Patients Awaiting Total Knee or Hip Arthroplasty: A Cross-Sectional Data Analysis with Matched Controls
Authors: Pavlović Monika , Matko Špela , Prüfer Ferdinand , Löfler Stefan , Fischer Michael J. , Grote Vincent , Šarabon Nejc
Published: February 2025

The study compares the body mass index (BMI), 10-m walk test results, and self-rated health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients awaiting total knee or hip arthroplasty with age and sex-matched controls. Additionally, we investigated relationships between these variables to better understand how mobility impairments and HRQoL contribute to the need for surgical intervention. Forty-three patients (age: 66.7 ± 8.7 years) awaiting total knee arthroplasty (n = 23) or total hip arthroplasty (n = 20) and 54 healthy control individuals (age: 65.6 ± 1.5 years) participated in this study. Weight and height were measured, the BMI was calculated, the 10 m walk test was performed, and HRQoL was assessed using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. Patients had a significantly higher BMI than controls (p = 0.037), with the majority of both groups classified as overweight or obese (patients, 86%; controls, 73%). Patients also walked significantly more slowly than controls (p < 0.001). HRQoL was significantly lower in patients across all dimensions (p < 0.001), with the greatest impairments observed in mobility, usual activities, and pain. Significant but weak correlations (p = 0.001–0.042, rs = 0.31–0.48) were found between the HRQoL, BMI, and 10 m walk test results. These findings confirm that patients awaiting total knee or hip arthroplasty exhibit an increased BMI, reduced locomotor function, and impaired HRQoL, highlighting the extent of functional limitations in individuals with end-stage osteoarthritis. The strong association between mobility impairments and HRQoL further underscores the impact of osteoarthritis on daily life and the increasing need for surgical intervention.
The Influence of Laser Cleaning Treatment on the Quantum Efficiency of the Most Used Metallic Photocathodes: An Overview
Authors: Perrone Alessio , Aziz Muhammad R. , Vainos Nikolaos A.
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the quantum efficiency (QE) of metallic photocathodes used in modern high-performance radio frequency (RF) and superconducting radio frequency (SRF) guns. The study specifically examines how laser cleaning treatment impacts the QE of these photocathodes, providing detailed insights into their performance and potential improvements for accelerator applications, and assesses the chemical and environmental factors affecting the surface composition of metallic laser-photocathodes used in modern high-performance radio frequency (RF) and superconducting radio frequency (SRF) electron guns. This paper overviews the photocathode rejuvenation effects of laser cleaning treatment. Laser cleaning removes the oxides and hydrides responsible for the deterioration of photocathodes, increases the photoelectron emission quantum efficiency (QE) and extends the operational lifetime of high-brightness electron injectors. QE enhancement is analyzed with the aim of parametric cleaning process optimization. This study excludes semiconductor and thermionic cathodes, focusing solely on the widely used bulk and thin-film photocathodes of Cu, Mg, Y, Pb and Nb. Laser cleaning enhancement of QE in Cu from 5 × 10−5 to 1.2 × 10−4, in Mg from 5.0 × 10−4 to 1.8 × 10−3, in Y from 10−5 to 3.3 × 10−4, in Pb from 3 × 10−5 to 8 × 10−5, and in Nb from 2.1 × 10−7 to 2.5 × 10−5 is demonstrated. The analysis concludes with a specialized practical guide for improving photocathode efficacy and lifetime in RF and SRF guns.
Effect of Dilution on Microstructure and Phase Transformation of AlCrFeMnNi High-Entropy Alloy by Resonant Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Laser Cladding
Authors: Mohsan Aziz Ul Hassan , Zhang Mina , Zhai Menggang , Wang Yishen , Ullah Mudaser , Shu Xuedao , Zhao Su
Published: February 2025

The present study effectively produced a high-entropy alloy (HEA) coating of AlCrFeMnNi on AISI 304L steel using resonant ultrasonic vibration-assisted laser cladding (R-UVALC). An investigation was conducted to examine the impact of dilution rate on the phase composition, microstructure, and mechanical and tribological properties of AlCrFeMnNi coatings. The coating, which was created utilizing the appropriate dilution rate, was thoroughly characterized using EDS mapping and TEM investigation. The results suggest that a higher dilution rate causes a change in the AlCrFeMnNi coating, transforming it from a single solid solution phase (BCC) into a two-phase solid solution containing both FCC and BCC phases. The analysis conducted using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals that the AlCrFeMnNi coating, when diluted at an optimal rate of around 37%, is predominantly composed of a disordered body-centered cubic (BCC) phase and an ordered BCC (B2) phase featuring a spinodal decomposition structure. The AlCrFeMnNi coating has an average microhardness of approximately 540 HV, which is over 2.5 times higher than the microhardness of the substrate. Additionally, it was also established that the dilution rate has an impact on the occurrence of phases, which subsequently affects the mechanical and antifrictional properties of the coating. The integration of ultrasonic vibration in laser cladding enhances quality and improves mechanical and tribological properties, thereby reducing material costs and promoting an environmentally friendly process when compared to conventional cladding.
Radiation Treatment Planning After Minimum Metallic Instrumentation for Patients with Spinal Metastases: A Case Series
Authors: Becker Jan-Niklas , Fischer Mirko , Christiansen Hans , Schwake Michael , Stummer Walter , Ewelt Christian , Pepper Niklas Benedikt , Eich Hans Theodor , Müther Michael
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: The utilization of non-metallic pedicle screws and rods has become a favored approach in the management of spinal tumors. An abundance of metal artifacts improves postoperative imaging and allows for precise radiation treatment planning. Under certain conditions, a vertebral body replacement (VBR) is necessary in addition to dorsal fixation. For a long time, VBR hardware was available as titanium implants only. Recently, other non-titanium products were introduced into the market. This study compares radiotherapy planning after VBR with titanium and non-titanium materials. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study in a single academic center setting. VBR was performed for thoracic spinal metastatic disease. Radiation plan quality was evaluated according to the criteria of the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, based on postoperative CT imaging. Results: Six patients with dorsal fixation and VBR were included, half of which were treated with titanium VBR and the other half with a minimum metallic implant. In addition, patients received different dorsal fixation hardware. No difference was found in terms of radiation plan quality. With non-titanium materials, visual demarcation during radiation planning was superior. Conclusions: This is the first study in the field to comprehensively compare radiation treatment planning after VBR using different materials. With minimum metallic implants, radiotherapy planning is equal in terms of planning but superior in terms of visual demarcation in comparison to standard titanium VBR, potentially enabling more precise radiotherapy approaches.
Association of Quadratus Lumborum Muscle Stiffness with Chronic Low Back Pain Features: An Observational Study
Authors: López-Redondo Mónica , Vicente-Campos Davinia , Álvarez-González Javier , Roldán-Ruiz Alberto , Sánchez-Jorge Sandra , Buffet-García Jorge , Rabanal-Rodríguez Gabriel , Valera-Calero Juan Antonio
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: Low back pain (LBP) is highly prevalent and often associated with altered muscle function, including in the quadratus lumborum (QL) muscle. While some studies have highlighted the clinical relevance of QL muscle stiffness in LBP, the findings remain inconsistent, and the role of this parameter in relation to clinical severity indicators is not well understood. Considering the high prevalence of myofascial trigger points among patients, objectively and reliably quantifying QL stiffness and its association with other clinical parameters could improve the identification of early stages of the condition before other alterations become apparent. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the association between QL stiffness and multiple indicators of LBP severity. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted involving the participation of seventy-six patients suffering from chronic LBP. An ultrasound scanner with shear-wave elastography (SWE) was used to determine the participants’ QL stiffness. Additional information was collected on LBP-associated pain intensity, disability, central sensitization, and quality of life. Results: QL muscle stiffness was negatively correlated with pain intensity (p < 0.01) and central sensitization (p < 0.01), and it was positively correlated with physical quality of life (p < 0.01). Muscle stiffness influenced the variance in pain intensity along with physical quality of life, central sensitization, and chronicity (together explaining 49% of the variance) but did not explain the variance in central sensitization. Conclusions: Assessing QL muscle stiffness in patients with LBP is recommended, as greater muscle softness is linked to higher pain intensity, central sensitization, and poorer physical quality of life. Regression analyses further highlighted that QL stiffness helps explain the variance in pain intensity, physical quality of life, central sensitization, and chronicity, but it did not directly affect the central sensitization variance.
Update on the Complications and Management of Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Fadlallah Hiba , El Masri Diala , Bahmad Hisham F. , Abou-Kheir Wassim , El Masri Jad
Published: February 2025

Liver cirrhosis represents the advanced pathological stage of chronic liver disease, characterized by the progressive destruction and regeneration of the hepatic parenchyma over years, culminating in fibrosis and disruption of the vascular architecture. As a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality, it continues to affect millions worldwide, imposing a substantial burden on healthcare systems. Alcoholic/nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic viral hepatitis infection, hepatitis C (HCV) in particular, remain leading causes of cirrhosis. Despite significant advances in understanding the pathogenesis of cirrhosis, its management is still complex due to the multifaceted complications, including ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, variceal bleeding, and hepatocellular carcinoma, all of which severely compromise the patient outcomes and quality of life. This review aims at filling a critical gap by providing a comprehensive summary of the latest evidence on the complications and management of liver cirrhosis. Evidence-based therapies targeting both the etiologies and complications of cirrhosis are essential for improving outcomes. While liver transplantation is considered a definitive cure, advancements in pharmacological therapies offer promising avenues for halting and potentially reversing disease progression. This review summarizes the latest management strategies for cirrhosis and its associated complications, emphasizing the importance of early intervention and novel therapeutic options for improving outcomes and quality of life in affected individuals.
The Development and Analysis of a Preliminary Electrodialysis Process for the Purification of Complex Lithium Solutions for the Production of Li2CO3 and LiOH
Authors: González Alonso , Choque Geovanna , Grágeda Mario , Ushak Svetlana
Published: February 2025

Direct lithium extraction (DLE) is emerging as a promising alternative to brine extraction although it requires further processing to obtain high-quality products suitable for various applications. This study focused on developing a process to concentrate and purify complex LiCl solutions obtained through direct lithium extraction (DLE). Two different chemical compositions of complex LiCl solutions were used, dividing the study into three stages. In the first part, lithium was concentrated to 1% by mass by evaporation. In the second, electrodialysis was used to alkalinize the LiCl solution and remove magnesium and calcium impurities under different current densities. The best results obtained were magnesium and calcium removals of 99.8% and 98.0%, respectively, and lithium recoveries of 99% and 96%. In the third stage, the selectivity of two different commercial cationic membranes (Nafion 117 and Neosepta CMS) was evaluated to separate Li+, K+, and Na+ cations under different current densities and volumetric flow rates. The Neosepta CMS membrane demonstrated higher lithium recovery. This study evaluated the quality of the purified lithium-rich solution and its potential use both in the production of Li2CO3 as well as in the electrochemical production of LiOH.
An Overview of Computational Fluid Dynamics as a Tool to Support Ultrasonic Flow Measurements
Authors: Siqueira de Aquino Guilherme , Silva Martins Ramon , Ferreira Martins Marcio , Ramos Rogério
Published: February 2025

Ultrasonic flow meters (UFMs) by transit time are ubiquitous in industrial applications, mainly for their versatility and practicality. They are widely used in gas and liquid installations, such as the oil and gas industry or feedwater systems in nuclear power plants. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques can be used as a tool to potentially improve the ultrasonic flow measurements. CFD may contribute to predicting the velocity profile and the profile factor in disturbed flows, integrating fluid flow and acoustic ray, improving the calibration of UFMs, or assisting in design optimization. This communication presents the working principle of the UFM, discusses how CFD can be used as a tool to support improvements, and shows relevant trending fields that deserve further investigation to promote significance on this subject.
Microbiota of Punctuated Snake Eel Ophichthus remiger (Valenciennes, 1842) Reared in Recirculation System Is Dominated by Latilactobacillus
Authors: Romero Jaime , Ramírez Carolina , Hurtado Luz , Serrano Edison , Rojas Rodrigo
Published: February 2025

Research on microbiota has underscored the crucial influence of microbial communities on numerous biological functions that yield positive outcomes for the host, such as digestion, nutrient metabolism, resistance against pathogen invasion, and growth performance. Concurrently, numerous variables, including the host’s diet, genetics, and physiological condition and environmental factors, influence the gut microbiota. Our study aims to characterize the bacterial community composition of the common snake eel (Ophichthus remiger), captured wild and then reared under controlled conditions. We employed a 16S rRNA gene-based approach facilitated by next-generation sequencing to conduct this analysis. The gut microbiota of the snake eel was highly dominated by bacteria from the phylum Firmicutes, comprising over 80% of the relative abundance, with Lactilactobacillus being the most important genus. The results suggest that feed-associated bacteria may influence the composition of the microbiota, contributing the most relevant bacteria within the intestinal content. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the gut microbiota in Ophichthus remiger, offering novel insights into the potential roles of Firmicutes and Lactilactobacillus in marine eels.
Microplastics in Urban Bird Feces: A Methodological Approach and Case Study in Mexico City
Authors: Vazquez-Cruz Victoria Amellalli , Vázquez-Morillas Alethia , Cruz-Salas Arely Areanely , Hernández-Soriano Ana Isabel , Cervantes-Cabrera Getsemaní , Ballesteros-López Mariana Elizabeth , Alvarez-Zeferino Juan Carlos
Published: February 2025

Microplastics (MP) are ubiquitous contaminants in diverse environmental matrices, including biota. Urban birds, such as pigeons (Columba livia), are particularly vulnerable to MP exposure due to their scavenging habits and proximity to human activities. This study developed and applied a methodology to assess MP presence in pigeon feces, starting with a review of existing methods for extracting MPs from organic matrices. Of all the methodologies investigated, a method was established to be tested, varying the reagent, using pigeon feces collected from the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Azcapotzalco Unit (UAM-A) and 15 virgin microplastics of five different types. Of both reagents, it was found that the method with 50% H2O2 presented better results (degradation of almost all organic matter and recovery efficiency of 93.33%). The selected method was optimized before being applied to feces collected from three sites in Mexico City (n = 10 samples per site). MPs were extracted using a digestion process with 50% hydrogen peroxide, flotation test with CaCl2, staining with red Nile dye and vacuum filtration and analyzed by microscopy and FTIR. Concentrations ranged from 16.4 to 27.8 MP/g dry feces, with fragments (80%) and fibers (20%) being the predominant shapes. The most common colors were black (32%) and white (22%), the polymers identified included polystyrene and polyethylene and the most common size was < 1 mm (54%). These findings suggest that pigeons ingest MP during feeding, likely due to confusion with organic matter, highlighting the risks of urban plastic pollution to avian health. The ingestion of MPs could lead to malnutrition, organ damage, and ecosystem imbalances, underscoring the need for improved waste management in urban areas. This study provides evidence of the pervasive impact of plastic pollution in non-marine environments, demonstrating the potential of urban birds as bio-indicators of local contamination.
Identification of the Key Aroma Compounds in Condensed Hardwood Smoke
Authors: Vazquez Timothy , Tello Edisson , Peterson Devin G.
Published: February 2025

The aroma composition of condensed hardwood smoke generated from a mixed hardwood was characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry/olfactometry analysis. Twenty-seven odorants with a flavor dilution value ≥4 were identified and quantified, revealing 19 compounds reported with an odor activity value >1 at a 0.3% dosage level. The odorants with the highest dilution values were 2,3-butanedione (buttery), guaiacol (clove, vanilla), 4-methylguaiacol (toasted, vanilla, ashy), 3-ethylphenol (ashy), 4-methylsyringol (burnt, plastic, clove), and butyric acid (cheesy). Sensory descriptive analysis revealed that the condensed smoke consisted of eight main attributes, namely ashy, burnt–sulfurous, creosote, green–woody, pungent, smoky, spicy–sweet, and woody. No significant differences in the aroma attributes were reported between the condensed smoke and the corresponding recombination model, indicating that the odorants effectively captured the characteristic aroma of the condensed smoke.
Clinical Management in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Arredondo-Robles Ana Victoria , Rodríguez-López Karen Paola , Ávila-Avilés Rodolfo Daniel
Published: February 2025

This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the main types, subtypes, clinical manifestations, and current therapeutic strategies for multiple sclerosis, emphasizing recent advancements and clinical challenges. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating, chronic, autoimmune, and inflammatory disease that affects the Central Nervous System (CNS). Its classification has the following subtypes: Relapsing-Remitting (RRMS), Secondary-Progressive (SPMS), and Primary-Progressive (PPMS), including rarer subtypes such as Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS), Radiologically Isolated Syndrome (RIS), Balo’s Concentric Sclerosis (BCS), Schilder’s Disease (SD), and Progressive-Relapsing MS (PRMS). This article divides the various treatments for MS into the following three categories: acute relapse management, symptomatic treatments, and Disease-Modifying Treatments (DMTs). The latter represents revolutionary research in MS, since they are the drugs considered as the best treatment alternatives for this disease.
Sericin’s Potential in Osteoporosis Management: The Roles of L-Serine and D-Serine in Bone Metabolism Regulation
Authors: Kim Jwa-Young , Che Xiangguo , Kim Shihyun , Choi Jongho , Lee Joon Ha , Lee Ji-Hae , Kweon HaeYong , Lee Suk Keun , Choi Je-Yong , Kim Seong-Gon
Published: February 2025

Background: Osteoporosis is a bone remodeling disease characterized by an imbalance between bone formation and resorption, leading to bone fragility. Current treatments focus on bone resorption suppression but often have adverse effects. This study aimed to explore the potential of sericin, a silkworm-derived protein, as a dual-action therapeutic agent that enhances bone formation through its component L-serine and inhibits bone resorption via D-serine, which is derived from L-serine by the action of serine racemase. Methods: Cellular experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of L-serine on osteoblast differentiation and D-serine on osteoclast inhibition. Serum levels of D-serine were measured following sericin administration in an osteoporosis animal model. μ-CT analysis assessed trabecular and cortical bone quality, and bone-related protein expression was analyzed using immunoprecipitation-based high-performance liquid chromatography (IP-HPLC). Results: L-serine significantly upregulated osteogenic markers, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Runx2, osterix, and Col1a1, in osteoblasts (p < 0.05). D-serine inhibited osteoclast activation by suppressing cathepsin K expression (p < 0.001). Sericin feeding elevated serum D-serine levels (p < 0.001) and upregulated bone-related proteins such as BMP-2, osterix, and Runx2. Micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) analysis revealed significant improvements in trabecular bone parameters in the OVX-sericin group, including increased trabecular bone volume (Tb.BV/TV; p < 0.05) and reduced trabecular separation (Tb.Sp; p < 0.05), compared to the OVX and OVX-amino acid groups. Cortical bone parameters, including cortical bone volume (Ct.BV/TV) and cortical area (Ct.Ar), did not significantly differ among OVX groups, but all were lower than in the sham group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that sericin modulates bone metabolism by enhancing osteoblast activity through L-serine and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis via D-serine. Sericin supplementation improved trabecular bone mass in an osteoporosis model, highlighting its potential for bone health.
Cognitive–Psychological Characteristics Influencing Weight Loss in Severe Obesity
Authors: Calugi Simona , Cattaneo Gianmatteo , Chimini Mirko , Dalle Grave Anna , Balosin Alexandra , Bozzato Giulia , Dalle Grave Riccardo
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Cognitive and psychological factors, such as eating disorder psychopathology, irrational food beliefs, and internalized weight stigma, have not been sufficiently explored in the context of obesity treatment. This study evaluated the role of these variables as predictors of weight loss in patients with severe obesity following a brief intensive cognitive–behavioral therapy for obesity (CBT-OB) program. Methods: A total of 400 patients (mean BMI: 41.9 kg/m2; mean age: 55.9 years) participated in a 21-day residential CBT-OB intervention, followed by a 12-month follow-up assessment. The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, Weight Bias Internalization Scale, and Irrational Food Beliefs Scale were administered at admission and discharge. Body weight was also assessed at the 12-month follow-up. Results: Of the participants, 371 patients (92.2%) completed the intensive CBT-OB program, and 310 (81.1%) attended the follow-up. On average, completers achieved 9% weight loss at follow-up, accompanied by a significant reduction in binge-eating episodes. Cognitive factors, including lower baseline eating concern, higher baseline weight concern, and greater improvement in irrational beliefs (specifically self-deception about eating and weight control), significantly predicted weight loss at 12 months. However, internalized weight stigma did not predict weight loss in this cohort. Conclusions: This study underscores the importance of targeting specific cognitive factors in obesity treatment to enhance long-term outcomes. Addressing irrational food beliefs and promoting flexible dietary restraint may improve weight loss and maintenance in individuals with severe obesity. Further research is warranted to refine cognitive–behavioral interventions for personalized obesity management strategies.