bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
No role of the third-trimester inflammatory factors in the association of gestational diabetes mellitus with postpartum cardiometabolic indicators
Authors: Yu Xiayan , Qiang Wenjing , Gong Kexin , Cao Yidan , Yan Shuangqin , Gao Guopeng , Tao Fangbiao , Zhu Beibei
Published: May 2024

Background

The influence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on postpartum cardiometabolic indicators is primarily restricted to glucose and lipid metabolism, however the indicators for liver and kidney function have been rarely explored, and the role of the third-trimester inflammatory factors in these associations has never been investigated.

Methods

Based on the Ma’anshan birth cohort (MABC), women with or without GDM history were selected and invited to participate in a 6-year postpartum follow-up. The fasting blood samples were collected to measure 16 comprehensive metabolic indicators during a 6-year postpartum follow-up: fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), uric acid (UA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCR), etc. Seven inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, and IL-17 A, were measured with serum samples collected during the third trimester of pregnancy. Linear regression models were used to analyze the associations between GDM and 6-year postpartum metabolic indicators, GDM and third-trimester inflammatory factors, and the third-trimester inflammatory factors and 6-year postpartum metabolic indicators. Mediating and moderating effect analyses were further performed to explore if the third-trimester inflammatory factors mediate or modify the association between GDM and postpartum cardiometabolic indicators.

Results

From July 2021 to August 2022, 307 participants have been followed up, with 99 women with a prior GDM history. Compared with those without GDM, individuals with a prior history of GDM had significantly elevated levels of FPG (β = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.62, PFDR < 0.001), HbA1c (β = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.34, PFDR = 0.009), TyG (β = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.37, PFDR = 0.024) at 6 years postpartum, and the association between GDM and SCR (β = 2.43, 95% CI: 0.02 to 4.85, PFDR = 0.144) reached nominal significance level. GDM history was associated with a decreased level of third-trimester IL-17 A (β = -0.58, 95% CI: -0.99 to -0.18, PFDR = 0.035). No significant association between third-trimester inflammatory factors and 6-year postpartum metabolic indicators was observed. And no mediating or moderating effect of third-trimester inflammatory factors was observed in those associations.

Conclusion

A prior history of GDM was significantly associated with elevated FPG, HbA1c, and TyG in women at 6 years postpartum, whereas third-trimester inflammatory factors had no role in mediating or moderating these associations.
Efficacy and safety of different chemotherapy regimens concurrent with radiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer
Authors: Wu Yaping , Jiang Peng , Chen Zhiying , Li Wei , Dong Bin , Zhang Yongchun
Published: May 2024

Background

Evaluate the efficacy and safety of different chemotherapy regimens concurrent with radiotherapy in treating locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC).

Methods

Retrospective data was collected from LACC patients who were treated at our institution. These patients were categorized into three groups: the single-agent cisplatin (DDP) chemoradiotherapy group, the paclitaxel plus cisplatin (TP) chemoradiotherapy group, and the nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab-) paclitaxel combined with cisplatin (nPP) chemoradiotherapy group. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) and the secondary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR) and incidence of adverse events (AEs).

Results

A total of 124 patients were enrolled (32 in the DDP group, 41 in the TP group, and 51 in the nPP group). There were differences in OS (P = 0.041, HR 0.527, 95% CI 0.314–0.884) and PFS (P = 0.003, HR 0.517, 95% CI 0.343–0.779) between the three groups. Notably, the 2-year OS rate was significantly higher in the nPP group compared to the DDP group (92.2% vs. 85.4%, P = 0.012). The 2-year PFS rates showed a marked increase in the TP group (78.0% vs. 59.4%, P = 0.048) and the nPP group (88.2% vs. 59.4%, P = 0.001) relative to the DPP group, with multiple comparisons indicating that the 2-year PFS rate was significantly superior in the nPP group versus the DDP group (88.2% vs. 59.4%, P = 0.001). Moreover, the ORR was also significantly higher in the nPP group than in the DDP group (P = 0.013); and no statistically significant differences were found in the incidence of AEs among the groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

In LACC treatment, the two cisplatin-based doublet chemotherapy regimens are associated with better outcomes, with the nab-paclitaxel plus cisplatin regimen showing better efficacy than the paclitaxel plus cisplatin regimen. Furthermore, the AEs associated with these regimens were deemed tolerable. These findings could provide a reference for the clinical treatment of LACC. However, further prospective studies are needed to verify it.
Respiratory syncytial virus in pediatric patients admitted to a tertiary center in Amman: clinical characteristics, and age-related patterns
Authors: Al-Iede Montaha , Alhouri Abdullah , Marwa Khaled , Alnajjar Roaa , Abuzenah Mohammad , Abu-Hussein Bilala , Aleidi Shereen M. , AL-Zayadneh Enas , Daher Amirah , Alqutawneh Basim , Sarhan Lena
Published: May 2024

Background

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections, particularly in infants and young children during winter. We aimed to study the demographics and clinical characteristics of RSV infections and age-related patterns.

Methods

This retrospective study evaluated pediatric respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections conducted in Jordan from September 2021 to March 2022. Patients under the age of five who had viral polymerase chain reaction results showing RSV infection from nasopharyngeal aspiration were included. In addition, demographic information, medical history, and clinical data were gathered. These included comorbidities, outcomes, length of stay, ICU hospitalization, use of antibiotics, and oxygen supplementation.

Results

A total of 199 patients were included. Most patients were males (56.8%) and less than one year (43.7%). Children aged between 1 and 2 years presented with more shortness of breath (90.1%) than infants and children more than two years (66.7% and 87%, respectively) (p < 0.001). Older children (> 2 years) were significantly more likely to use antibiotics and have ICU admission than younger children ≤ 2 years (p = 0.045 and 0.018, respectively). There was no relationship between age groups, recurrent hospitalization, previous RSV infection, oxygen therapy, coinfection, and hospitalization duration. The respiratory rate was higher among patients with co-infection (p = 0.031).

Conclusion

The current study provides information on the demographics and clinical characteristics of RSV infections. These findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of RSV infections in the specified population, emphasizing age-specific variations and clinical implications for better management strategies.
The effects of trade liberalization on inequality in nutrition intake: empirical evidence from Indian districts
Authors: Zhang Yali , Li Saiya
Published: May 2024

Background

Despite the positive impact of trade liberalization on food availability in India, severe inequality in nutrition consumption at the district level persists. Empirical evidence on the relationship between trade liberalization and nutrition consumption inequality often offers a country-level perspective and generates disputed outcomes. The study aimed to explore the effects of trade liberalization on inequality in nutrition consumption at the district level in India and to examine the heterogeneity of the impact on different nutrition consumption.

Methods

Our study employed the Gini Index to measure nutrition consumption inequality of 2 macronutrients and 5 micronutrients at the district level in India during 2009–2011, utilizing the comprehensive FAO/WHO individual food consumption data. The import tariff was adopted as a proxy for trade liberalization, as its externally imposed nature facilitates a causal interpretation. We further identified the direct causal relationship between food trade liberalization and inequality in nutrition consumption using a fixed effects model.

Results

The results show that more than 50% of the individuals in the survey districts did not meet the dietary standards for both macronutrients and micronutrients. Food trade liberalization hindered the improvement of inequality in nutrition consumption. As import tariffs were reduced by 1%, the inequality in intake of calories, zinc, vitamin B1, and vitamin B2 increased significantly by 0.45, 0.56, 0.48, and 0.66, respectively, which might be related to food market performance. The results also highlight the positive role of the gender gap, female-headed households, and caste culture on inequality in nutrition consumption in India.

Conclusions

To ease the shock of liberalization and minimize its inequality effects, complementary measures should be adopted, such as improving food logistic conditions in poor areas, and nutrition relief schemes.
Exploring the relationship between dietary patterns and obesity among Nigerian adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Segun Asaolu , Zhang Bo , Mary Abiona Modupe , Kibenja Dennis , Ma Jie , Said Seif , Adeniyi Idowu , Barrow Lamin F.
Published: May 2024

Background/Objective

No previous study has investigated the association between dietary pattern and both general and abdominal obesity risk among adults in Nigeria. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between dietary patterns and the risk of obesity among adult age 18 and above in Ekiti State, Southwestern Nigeria.

Methods and study designs

A total of 1003 adults were included in this cross-sectional study (males = 558; females = 445). Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip (WHR) were used to assess general and abdominal obesity respectively and they were categorized using WHO recommendation. Partial correlation analyses were performed to assess the associations of dietary patterns with BMI and WHR. Prevalence ratio between dietary pattern and both general and abdominal obesity were calculated using Robust Poisson Regression.

Results

The prevalence of general obesity among adults was 15.9%, (11.6% among men and 20.2% among women); abdominal obesity was 32.3% (28.9% among males and 44.5% among females). Four dietary patterns were identified; diversified traditional pattern; typical traditional pattern; milk and bread pattern and egg and fish pattern. Diversified traditional pattern was negatively associated with BMI (PR = 0.571, 95%CI: 0.360 ~ 0.905, p = 0.017), and typical traditional pattern was positively associated with BMI (PR = 1.561, 95% CI: 1.043 ~ 2.339, p = 0.031) and WHR in females (PR = 1.849, 95% CI: 1.256 ~ 2.721, p = 0.005). In comparison to those in the lowest quartile, adults with the highest quartile of the typical traditional pattern had a higher risk for abdominal obesity (PR = 1.849, 95%CI = 1.256 ~ 2.721, p = 0.020).

Conclusion

This study reports an alarming increase in Obesity prevalence among Nigeria adults which is greatly influence by their lifestyle and eating pattern. We found out that a typical traditional food pattern was associated with a higher risk of both general and abdominal obesity, but a diverse traditional food pattern was associated to a reduced risk of general obesity.
“I do not know the advantages of having a general practitioner” - a qualitative study exploring the views of low-acuity emergency patients without a regular general practitioner toward primary care
Authors: Kümpel Lisa , Oslislo Sarah , Resendiz Cantu Rebecca , Möckel Martin , Heintze Christoph , Holzinger Felix
Published: May 2024

Background

Emergency departments (ED) worldwide have to cope with rising patient numbers. Low-acuity consulters who could receive a more suitable treatment in primary care (PC) increase caseloads, and lack of PC attachment has been discussed as a determinant. This qualitative study explores factors that contribute to non-utilization of general practitioner (GP) care among patients with no current attachment to a GP.

Method

Qualitative semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 32 low-acuity ED consulters with no self-reported attachment to a GP. Participants were recruited from three EDs in the city center of Berlin, Germany. Data were analyzed by qualitative content analysis.

Results

Interviewed patients reported heterogeneous factors contributing to their PC utilization behavior and underlying views and experiences. Participants most prominently voiced a rare need for medical services, a distinct mobility behavior, and a lack of knowledge about the role of a GP and health care options. Views about and experiences with GP care that contribute to non-utilization were predominantly related to little confidence in GP care, preference for directly consulting medical specialists, and negative experiences with GP care in the past. Contrasting their reported utilization behavior, many interviewees still recognized the advantages of GP care continuity.

Conclusion

Understanding reasons of low-acuity ED patients for GP non-utilization can play an important role in the design and implementation of patient-centered care interventions for PC integration. Increasing GP utilization, continuity of care and health literacy might have positive effects on patient decision-making in acute situations and in turn decrease ED burden.

Trial registration

German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00023480; date: 2020/11/27.
Long COVID symptoms after 8-month recovery: persistent static lung hyperinflation associated with small airway dysfunction
Authors: Lo Po-Chun , Feng Jia-Yih , Hsiao Yi-Han , Su Kang-Cheng , Chou Kun-Ta , Chen Yuh-Min , Ko Hsin-Kuo , Perng Diahn-Warng
Published: May 2024

Background

Limited research has investigated the relationship between small airway dysfunction (SAD) and static lung hyperinflation (SLH) in patients with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) especially dyspnea and fatigue.

Methods

64 patients with PASC were enrolled between July 2020 and December 2022 in a prospective observational cohort. Pulmonary function tests, impulse oscillometry (IOS), and symptom questionnaires were performed two, five and eight months after acute infection. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to test the association between SLH and patient-reported outcomes.

Results

SLH prevalence was 53.1% (34/64), irrespective of COVID-19 severity. IOS parameters and circulating CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio were significantly correlated with residual volume to total lung capacity ratio (RV/TLC). Serum CD8 + T cell count was negatively correlated with forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) with statistical significance. Of the patients who had SLH at baseline, 57% continued to have persistent SLH after eight months of recovery, with these patients tending to be older and having dyspnea and fatigue. Post-COVID dyspnea was significantly associated with SLH and IOS parameters R5-R20, and AX with adjusted odds ratios 12.4, 12.8 and 7.6 respectively. SLH was also significantly associated with fatigue.

Conclusion

SAD and a decreased serum CD4/CD8 ratio were associated with SLH in patients with PASC. SLH may persist after recovery from infection in a substantial proportion of patients. SAD and dysregulated T-cell immune response correlated with SLH may contribute to the development of dyspnea and fatigue in patients with PASC.
The potential of Bacillus species isolated from Cinnamomum camphora for biofuel production
Authors: Hagaggi Noura Sh.A. , Rady Eman A. El
Published: May 2024

Background

Increasing concerns about climate change and global petroleum supply draw attention to the urgent need for the development of alternative methods to produce fuels. Consequently, the scientific community must devise novel ways to obtain fuels that are both sustainable and eco-friendly. Bacterial alkanes have numerous potential applications in the industry sector. One significant application is biofuel production, where bacterial alkanes can serve as a sustainable eco-friendly alternative to fossil fuels. This study represents the first report on the production of alkanes by endophytic bacteria.

Results

In this study, three Bacillus species, namely Bacillus atrophaeus Camph.1 (OR343176.1), Bacillus spizizenii Camph.2 (OR343177.1), and Bacillus aerophilus Camph.3 (OR343178.1), were isolated from the leaves of C. camphora. The isolates were then screened to determine their ability to produce alkanes in different culture media including nutrient broth (NB), Luria–Bertani (LB) broth, and tryptic soy broth (TSB). Depending on the bacterial isolate and the culture media used, different profiles of alkanes ranging from C8 to C31 were detected.

Conclusions

The endophytic B. atrophaeus Camph.1 (OR343176.1), B. spizizenii Camph.2 (OR343177.1), and B. aerophilus Camph.3 (OR343178.1), associated with C. camphora leaves, represent new eco-friendly approaches for biofuel production, aiming towards a sustainable future. Further research is needed to optimize the fermentation process and scale up alkane production by these bacterial isolates.
CRISPR-Cas13d screens identify KILR, a breast cancer risk-associated lncRNA that regulates DNA replication and repair
Authors: Wang Lu , Bitar Mainá , Lu Xue , Jacquelin Sebastien , Nair Sneha , Sivakumaran Haran , Hillman Kristine M. , Kaufmann Susanne , Ziegman Rebekah , Casciello Francesco , Gowda Harsha , Rosenbluh Joseph , Edwards Stacey L. , French Juliet D.
Published: May 2024

Background

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have surpassed the number of protein-coding genes, yet the majority have no known function. We previously discovered 844 lncRNAs that were genetically linked to breast cancer through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Here, we show that a subset of these lncRNAs alter breast cancer risk by modulating cell proliferation, and provide evidence that a reduced expression on one lncRNA increases breast cancer risk through aberrant DNA replication and repair.

Methods

We performed pooled CRISPR-Cas13d-based knockdown screens in breast cells to identify which of the 844 breast cancer-associated lncRNAs alter cell proliferation. We selected one of the lncRNAs that increased cell proliferation, KILR, for follow-up functional studies. KILR pull-down followed by mass spectrometry was used to identify binding proteins. Knockdown and overexpression studies were performed to assess the mechanism by which KILR regulates proliferation.

Results

We show that KILR functions as a tumor suppressor, safeguarding breast cells against uncontrolled proliferation. The half-life of KILR is significantly reduced by the risk haplotype, revealing an alternative mechanism by which variants alter cancer risk. Mechanistically, KILR sequesters RPA1, a subunit of the RPA complex required for DNA replication and repair. Reduced KILR expression promotes breast cancer cell proliferation by increasing the available pool of RPA1 and speed of DNA replication. Conversely, KILR overexpression promotes apoptosis in breast cancer cells, but not normal breast cells.

Conclusions

Our results confirm lncRNAs as mediators of breast cancer risk, emphasize the need to annotate noncoding transcripts in relevant cell types when investigating GWAS variants and provide a scalable platform for mapping phenotypes associated with lncRNAs.
An injectable refrigerated hydrogel for inducing local hypothermia and neuroprotection against traumatic brain injury in mice
Authors: Han Yuhan , Han Zhengzhong , Huang Xuyang , Li Shanshan , Jin Guoliang , Feng Junfeng , Wu Decheng , Liu Hongmei
Published: May 2024

Background

Hypothermia is a promising therapy for traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the clinic. However, the neuroprotective outcomes of hypothermia-treated TBI patients in clinical studies are inconsistent due to several severe side effects. Here, an injectable refrigerated hydrogel was designed to deliver 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM) to achieve a longer period of local hypothermia for TBI treatment. Hydrogel has four advantages: (1) It can be injected into injured sites after TBI, where it forms a hydrogel and avoids the side effects of whole-body cooling. (2) Hydrogels can biodegrade and be used for controlled drug release. (3) Released T1AM can induce hypothermia. (4) This hydrogel has increased medical value given its simple operation and ability to achieve timely treatment.

Methods

Pol/T hydrogels were prepared by a low-temperature mixing method and characterized. The effect of the Pol/T hydrogel on traumatic brain injury in mice was studied. The degradation of the hydrogel at the body level was observed with a small animal imager. Brain temperature and body temperature were measured by brain thermometer and body thermometer, respectively. The apoptosis of peripheral nerve cells was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The protective effect of the hydrogels on the blood–brain barrier (BBB) after TBI was evaluated by the Evans blue penetration test. The protective effect of hydrogel on brain edema after injury in mice was detected by Magnetic resonance (MR) in small animals. The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to measure the levels of inflammatory factors. The effects of behavioral tests on the learning ability and exercise ability of mice after injury were evaluated.

Results

This hydrogel was able to cool the brain to hypothermia for 12 h while maintaining body temperature within the normal range after TBI in mice. More importantly, hypothermia induced by this hydrogel leads to the maintenance of BBB integrity, the prevention of cell death, the reduction of the inflammatory response and brain edema, and the promotion of functional recovery after TBI in mice. This cooling method could be developed as a new approach for hypothermia treatment in TBI patients.

Conclusion

Our study showed that injectable and biodegradable frozen Pol/T hydrogels to induce local hypothermia in TBI mice can be used for the treatment of traumatic brain injury.

Graphical Abstract
Combining germline, tissue and liquid biopsy analysis by comprehensive genomic profiling to improve the yield of actionable variants in a real-world cancer cohort
Authors: Vanni I. , Pastorino L. , Andreotti V. , Comandini D. , Fornarini G. , Grassi M. , Puccini A. , Tanda E. T. , Pastorino A. , Martelli V. , Mastracci L. , Grillo F. , Cabiddu F. , Guadagno A. , Coco S. , Allavena E. , Barbero F. , Bruno W. , Dalmasso B. , Bellomo S. E. , Marchiò C. , Spagnolo F. , Sciallero S. , Berrino E. , Ghiorzo P.
Published: May 2024

Background

Comprehensive next-generation sequencing is widely used for precision oncology and precision prevention approaches. We aimed to determine the yield of actionable gene variants, the capacity to uncover hereditary predisposition and liquid biopsy appropriateness instead of, or in addition to, tumor tissue analysis, in a real-world cohort of cancer patients, who may benefit the most from comprehensive genomic profiling.

Methods

Seventy-eight matched germline/tumor tissue/liquid biopsy DNA and RNA samples were profiled using the Hereditary Cancer Panel (germline) and the TruSight Oncology 500 panel (tumor tissue/cfDNA) from 23 patients consecutively enrolled at our center according to at least one of the following criteria: no available therapeutic options; long responding patients potentially fit for other therapies; rare tumor; suspected hereditary cancer; primary cancer with high metastatic potential; tumor of unknown primary origin. Variants were annotated for OncoKB and AMP/ASCO/CAP classification.

Results

The overall yield of actionable somatic and germline variants was 57% (13/23 patients), and 43.5%, excluding variants previously identified by somatic or germline routine testing. The accuracy of tumor/cfDNA germline-focused analysis was demonstrated by overlapping results of germline testing. Five germline variants in BRCA1, VHL, CHEK1, ATM genes would have been missed without extended genomic profiling. A previously undetected BRAF p.V600E mutation was emblematic of the clinical utility of this approach in a patient with a liver undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma responsive to BRAF/MEK inhibition.

Conclusions

Our study confirms the clinical relevance of performing extended parallel tumor DNA and cfDNA testing to broaden therapeutic options, to longitudinally monitor cfDNA during patient treatment, and to uncover possible hereditary predisposition following tumor sequencing in patient care.
PAX6/CXCL14 regulatory axis promotes the repair of corneal injury by enhancing corneal epithelial cell proliferation
Authors: Ma Ruijue , Li Yingxi , Dong Xiaoli , Zhang Yiming , Chen Xiaosu , Zhang Yue , Zou Haohan , Wang Yan
Published: May 2024

Background

Corneal injuries, often leading to severe vision loss or blindness, have traditionally been treated with the belief that limbal stem cells (LSCs) are essential for repair and homeostasis, while central corneal epithelial cells (CCECs) were thought incapable of such repair. However, our research reveals that CCECs can fully heal and maintain the homeostasis of injured corneas in rats, even without LSCs. We discovered that CXCL14, under PAX6’s influence, significantly boosts the stemness, proliferation, and migration of CCECs, facilitating corneal wound healing and homeostasis. This finding introduces CXCL14 as a promising new drug target for corneal injury treatment.

Methods

To investigate the PAX6/CXCL14 regulatory axis’s role in CCECs wound healing, we cultured human corneal epithelial cell lines with either increased or decreased expression of PAX6 and CXCL14 using adenovirus transfection in vitro. Techniques such as coimmunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence staining, western blot, real-time PCR, cell colony formation, and cell cycle analysis were employed to validate the axis’s function. In vivo, a rat corneal epithelial injury model was developed to further confirm the PAX6/CXCL14 axis’s mechanism in repairing corneal damage and maintaining corneal homeostasis, as well as to assess the potential of CXCL14 protein as a therapeutic agent for corneal injuries.

Results

Our study reveals that CCECs naturally express high levels of CXCL14, which is significantly upregulated by PAX6 following corneal damage. We identified SDC1 as CXCL14’s receptor, whose engagement activates the NF-κB pathway to stimulate corneal repair by enhancing the stemness, proliferative, and migratory capacities of CCECs. Moreover, our research underscores CXCL14’s therapeutic promise for corneal injuries, showing that recombinant CXCL14 effectively accelerates corneal healing in rat models.

Conclusion

CCECs play a critical and independent role in the repair of corneal injuries and the maintenance of corneal homeostasis, distinct from that of LSCs. The PAX6/CXCL14 regulatory axis is pivotal in this process. Additionally, our research demonstrates that the important function of CXCL14 in corneal repair endows it with the potential to be developed into a novel therapeutic agent for treating corneal injuries.
Efficacy of hypertonic dextrose proliferation therapy in the treatment of rotator cuff lesions: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Ting , Wang YanFu , Ding Lin , Ma ChaoYang
Published: May 2024

Background

One of the most prevalent illnesses of the shoulder is rotator cuff tendinosis, which is also a major contributor to shoulder discomfort and shoulder joint dysfunction. According to statistics, rotator cuff tendinosis occurs in 0.3–5.5% of cases and affects 0.5–7.4% of people annually. It will be necessary to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of hypertonic glucose proliferation therapy in the treatment of rotator cuff problems.

Methods

The databases Cochrane PubMed, Library, Web of Science and EMbase, are retrieved by the computer. Individuals with rotator cuff lesions in the intervention group were treated with hypertonic dextrose proliferation therapy, whereas individuals in the control condition were treated with a placebo. Outcome markers for rotator cuff lesions patients; Pursuant to studies, the visual analogue scale (VAS) score, the shoulder pain & disability index (SPADI), & other metrics are used to evaluate the effects of hypertonic dextrose proliferation treatment on individuals with rotator cuff diseases. After carefully evaluating the calibre of the literature, data analysis was performed utilising the RevMan 5.3 programme.

Results

Meta-analysis finally contained 6 papers. In six investigations, the test & control group’s VAS scores improved, with the test team’s score considerably outperforming the control team [standardized mean difference (SMD): 1.10; 95% Cl: 0.37,1.83; P < 0.01], shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) score (SMD:8.13; 95% Cl: 5.34,10.91; P < 0.01), Flexion (SMD:5.73; 95% Cl: 0.99,10.47; P < 0.05), Abduction (SMD:6.49; 95% Cl: 0.66,12.31; P < 0.05), Internal rotation (SMD:-1.74; 95% Cl: -4.25,0.78; P = 0.176) and External rotation (SMD:2.78; 95% Cl: -0.13,5.69; P = 0.062).

Conclusion

The findings of this study suggest that individuals with rotator cuff injuries may benefit from hypertonic dextrose proliferation treatment based on the visual analogue scale (VAS) score, the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) score, Flexion, & Abduction. These results must, nevertheless, be supported by high-caliber follow-up research.
Genetic organization of an M protein trans-acting positive regulator (Mga) orthologue and its adjacent M-like protein (SCM) alleles in Streptococcus canis
Authors: Takahashi Takashi , Maeda Takahiro , Yoshida Haruno , Goto Mieko , Tsuyuki Yuzo , Kim Jae-Seok
Published: May 2024

Objective

The purpose of this study was to identify the M protein trans-acting positive regulator (Mga) orthologue and its adjacent M-like protein (SCM) alleles in Streptococcus canis.

Results

Using the 39 SCM allele isolates and polymerase chain reaction-based amplification and sequencing, we obtained the deduced Mga amino acid (AA) sequences. The 22 Mga sequences in whole-genome sequences were obtained by searching the National Collection of Type Cultures 12,191(T) Mga sequence into the database. The percentage identity to the type-strain Mga sequence was examined along with its size. The presence of the Mga-specific motifs was confirmed. Of the 62 strains, we identified 59 Mga sequences with an AA size of 509 (except for four different sizes). Percentage identity ranged from 96.66 to 100% with the confirmed Mga-specific motifs and diverse SCM allele populations. Our findings support the presence of an Mga orthologue and diverse SCM allele populations.
Machine learning unveils an immune-related DNA methylation profile in germline DNA from breast cancer patients
Authors: Lee Ning Yuan , Hum Melissa , Tan Guek Peng , Seah Ai Choo , Ong Pei-Yi , Kin Patricia T. , Lim Chia Wei , Samol Jens , Tan Ngiap Chuan , Law Hai-Yang , Tan Min-Han , Lee Soo-Chin , Ang Peter , Lee Ann S. G.
Published: May 2024

Background

There is an unmet need for precise biomarkers for early non-invasive breast cancer detection. Here, we aimed to identify blood-based DNA methylation biomarkers that are associated with breast cancer.

Methods

DNA methylation profiling was performed for 524 Asian Chinese individuals, comprising 256 breast cancer patients and 268 age-matched healthy controls, using the Infinium MethylationEPIC array. Feature selection was applied to 649,688 CpG sites in the training set. Predictive models were built by training three machine learning models, with performance evaluated on an independent test set. Enrichment analysis to identify transcription factors binding to regions associated with the selected CpG sites and pathway analysis for genes located nearby were conducted.

Results

A methylation profile comprising 51 CpGs was identified that effectively distinguishes breast cancer patients from healthy controls achieving an AUC of 0.823 on an independent test set. Notably, it outperformed all four previously reported breast cancer-associated methylation profiles. Enrichment analysis revealed enrichment of genomic loci associated with the binding of immune modulating AP-1 transcription factors, while pathway analysis of nearby genes showed an overrepresentation of immune-related pathways.

Conclusion

This study has identified a breast cancer-associated methylation profile that is immune-related to potential for early cancer detection.
Cholecystokinin B receptor agonists alleviates anterograde amnesia in cholecystokinin-deficient and aged Alzheimer's disease mice
Authors: Zhang Nan , Sui Yixuan , Jendrichovsky Peter , Feng Hemin , Shi Heng , Zhang Xu , Xu Shenghui , Sun Wenjian , Zhang Huatang , Chen Xi , Tortorella Micky D. , He Jufang
Published: May 2024

Background

As one major symptom of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), anterograde amnesia describes patients with an inability in new memory formation. The crucial role of the entorhinal cortex in forming new memories has been well established, and the neuropeptide cholecystokinin (CCK) is reported to be released from the entorhinal cortex to enable neocortical associated memory and long-term potentiation. Though several studies reveal that the entorhinal cortex and CCK are related to AD, it is less well studied. It is unclear whether CCK is a good biomarker or further a great drug candidate for AD.

Methods

mRNA expressions of CCK and CCK-B receptor (CCKBR) were examined in two mouse models, 3xTg AD and CCK knock-out (CCK−/−) mice. Animals’ cognition was investigated with Morris water maze, novel object recognition test and neuroplasticity with in-vitro electrophysiological recording. Drugs were given intraperitoneally to animals to investigate the rescue effects on cognitive deficits, or applied to brain slices directly to explore the influence in inducement of long-term potentiation.

Results

Aged 3xTg AD mice exhibited reduced CCK mRNA expression in the entorhinal cortex but reduced CCKBR expression in the neocortex and hippocampus, and impaired cognition and neuroplasticity comparable with CCK−/− mice. Importantly, the animals displayed improved performance and enhanced long-term potentiation after the treatment of CCKBR agonists.

Conclusions

Here we provide more evidence to support the role of CCK in learning and memory and its potential to treat AD. We elaborated on the rescue effect of a promising novel drug, HT-267, on aged 3xTg AD mice. Although the physiological etiology of CCK in AD still needs to be further investigated, this study sheds light on a potential pharmaceutical candidate for AD and dementia.
Identification of ClpB, a molecular chaperone involved in the stress tolerance and virulence of Streptococcus agalactiae
Authors: Yang Lan , Wu Zhihao , Ma Tian-Yu , Zeng Hui , Chen Ming , Zhang Yong-An , Zhou Yang
Published: May 2024

Bacterial ClpB is an ATP-dependent disaggregate that belongs to the Hsp100/Clp family and facilitates bacterial survival under hostile environmental conditions. Streptococcus agalactiae, which is regarded as the major bacterial pathogen of farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), is known to cause high mortality and large economic losses. Here, we report a ClpB homologue of S. agalactiae and explore its functionality. S. agalactiae with a clpB deletion mutant (∆clpB) exhibited defective tolerance against heat and acidic stress, without affecting growth or morphology under optimal conditions. Moreover, the ΔclpB mutant exhibited reduced intracellular survival in RAW264.7 cells, diminished adherence to the brain cells of tilapia, increased sensitivity to leukocytes from the head kidney of tilapia and whole blood killing, and reduced mortality and bacterial loads in a tilapia infection assay. Furthermore, the reduced virulence of the ∆clpB mutant was investigated by transcriptome analysis, which revealed that deletion of clpB altered the expression levels of multiple genes that contribute to the stress response as well as certain metabolic pathways. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that ClpB, a molecular chaperone, plays critical roles in heat and acid stress resistance and virulence in S. agalactiae. This finding provides an enhanced understanding of the functionality of this ClpB homologue in gram-positive bacteria and the survival strategy of S. agalactiae against immune clearance during infection.
The posteriori analysis of the spectral element discretization of the wave equation
Authors: Chorfi Nejmeddine
Published: May 2024

This work focuses on discretizing a second-order linear wave equation using the implicit Euler scheme for time discretization and the spectral element method for spatial discretization. We prove that optimal adaptivity can be achieved by combining adaptive time steps with adaptive spectral mesh. We introduce two sets of error indicators for time and space, respectively, and derive optimal estimates.
Healthcare workers perceptions of patient safety culture in selected Ghanaian regional hospitals: a qualitative study
Authors: Isaac Demuyakor , Li Yuanheng , Wang Yushu , Jiang Deyou , Liu Chenggang , Fan Chao , Boah Michael , Xie Yuzhuo , Ma Mingxue , Shan Linghan , Gao Lei , Jiao Mingli
Published: May 2024

Background

Patient safety culture is an integral part of healthcare delivery both in Ghana and globally. Therefore, understanding how frontline health workers perceive patient safety culture and the factors that influence it is very important. This qualitative study examined the health workers’ perceptions of patient safety culture in selected regional hospitals in Ghana.

Objective

This study aimed to provide a voice concerning how frontline health workers perceive patient safety culture and explain the major barriers in ensuring it.

Method

In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 42 health professionals in two regional government hospitals in Ghana from March to June 2022. Participants were purposively selected and included medical doctors, nurses, pharmacists, administrators, and clinical service staff members. The inclusion criteria were one or more years of clinical experience. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes.

Result

The health professionals interviewed were 38% male and 62% female, of whom 54% were nurses, 4% were midwives, 28% were medical doctors; lab technicians, pharmacists, and human resources workers represented 2% each; and 4% were critical health nurses. Among them, 64% held a diploma and 36% held a degree or above. This study identified four main areas: general knowledge of patient safety culture, guidelines and procedures, attitudes of frontline health workers, and upgrading patient safety culture.

Conclusions

This qualitative study presents a few areas for improvement in patient safety culture. Despite their positive attitudes and knowledge of patient safety, healthcare workers expressed concerns about the implementation of patient safety policies outlined by hospitals. Healthcare professionals perceived that curriculum training on patient safety during school education and the availability of dedicated officers for patient safety at their facilities may help improve patient safety.
Dorsal root ganglion-derived exosomes deteriorate neuropathic pain by activating microglia via the microRNA-16-5p/HECTD1/HSP90 axis
Authors: Xing Yinghao , Li Pei , Jia Yuanyuan , Zhang Kexin , Liu Ming , Jiang Jingjing
Published: May 2024

Background

The activated microglia have been reported as pillar factors in neuropathic pain (NP) pathology, but the molecules driving pain-inducible microglial activation require further exploration. In this study, we investigated the effect of dorsal root ganglion (DRG)-derived exosomes (Exo) on microglial activation and the related mechanism.

Methods

A mouse model of NP was generated by spinal nerve ligation (SNL), and DRG-derived Exo were extracted. The effects of DRG-Exo on NP and microglial activation in SNL mice were evaluated using behavioral tests, HE staining, immunofluorescence, and western blot. Next, the differentially enriched microRNAs (miRNAs) in DRG-Exo-treated microglia were analyzed using microarrays. RT-qPCR, RNA pull-down, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and immunofluorescence were conducted to verify the binding relation between miR-16-5p and HECTD1. Finally, the effects of ubiquitination modification of HSP90 by HECTD1 on NP progression and microglial activation were investigated by Co-IP, western blot, immunofluorescence assays, and rescue experiments.

Results

DRG-Exo aggravated NP resulting from SNL in mice, promoted the activation of microglia in DRG, and increased neuroinflammation. miR-16-5p knockdown in DRG-Exo alleviated the stimulating effects of DRG-Exo on NP and microglial activation. DRG-Exo regulated the ubiquitination of HSP90 through the interaction between miR-16-5p and HECTD1. Ubiquitination alteration of HSP90 was involved in microglial activation during NP.

Conclusions

miR-16-5p shuttled by DRG-Exo regulated the ubiquitination of HSP90 by interacting with HECTD1, thereby contributing to the microglial activation in NP.
Emotional and motivational intelligence in Ethiopian high school learners' writing performance in relation to gender differences
Authors: Hiluf Belete , Alemu Marew
Published: May 2024

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the role of emotional and motivational intelligence in educational settings. Studies have shown that these factors can significantly impact students' academic performance. However, little attention has been given to the influence of emotional and motivational intelligence on writing performance, especially in relation to gender differences. This study aims to examine the relationship between emotional and motivational intelligence and writing performance among Ethiopian high school learners, while considering potential variations based on gender. To achieve this, a sample of 176 Ethiopian high school learners (69 male and 107 female, aged between 17 and 24) was selected using a stratified random sampling technique. The participants completed self-reported questionnaires to assess their emotional and motivational intelligence, and their writing performance was evaluated based on a set of predetermined writing rubrics. The collected data was analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Pearson's correlation coefficient, and path coefficients to determine any significant relationships or gender differences. The results showed a statistically significant relationship between emotional intelligence dimensions and writing performance. However, there was no statistically significant difference in writing performance and writing motivation based on gender. These findings provide valuable insights into the influence of emotional and motivational intelligence on writing performance among Ethiopian high school learners. Emotional intelligence, including the ability to understand and manage one's own and others' emotions, positively affected writing performance. This study contributes to the existing literature on the role of emotional and motivational intelligence in educational settings, specifically focusing on writing performance among Ethiopian high school learners. Overall, this research sheds light on the importance of considering emotional and motivational factors in educational practices to foster improved academic outcomes.
Investigating seawater intrusion and salinization using the integration of hydrochemical and geoelectrical techniques
Authors: Hanafy Sherif , Benaafi Mohammed
Published: May 2024

Seawater intrusion poses a significant environmental threat to water resources, agriculture, and ecosystems. We investigate the extent of seawater intrusion and salinization in the eastern coastal aquifers of Saudi Arabia. Hydrochemical measurements and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) techniques are used to assess groundwater quality and the subsurface extension of seawater intrusion. Two resistivity profiles, 475 m long each, are analyzed to gain insights into the subsurface geology and seawater intrusion. The inversion of the recorded resistivity data reveal four distinct subsurface layers. The uppermost layer consists of surficial deposits, followed by a sandy seawater intrusion layer, beneath which lies a marl layer, and at the bottom, a dolomitic limestone layer representing the brackish-water aquifer. The ERT results are integrated with hydrochemical and hydrogeologic results from 12 wells to overcome the limitations of the ERT. The findings of this study would facilitate the development of efficient mitigation strategies and sustainable management of the groundwater resources in the study area or similar coastal regions affected by seawater intrusion. Understanding and delineating the boundary between saline and fresh water is crucial for safeguarding water resources for agricultural purposes, preserving ecosystem health, and ensuring the long-term sustainability of water supplies in coastal areas.
Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Raghavendra Akshara S. , Ibrahim Nuhad K.
Published: May 2024

The mechanisms underlying breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) development are complex, and its clinical presentation varies depending on the number, location, and size of brain metastases. Common symptoms include headache, neurologic deficits, and seizures. Diagnosis of BCBM typically relies on neuroimaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scans. Local therapies, such as surgery and stereotactic radiosurgery, can be used to control tumor growth and relieve symptoms. Whole-brain radiotherapy has been a mainstay of treatment for BCBM, but its use has been associated with cognitive decline. Systemic therapy with chemotherapy and targeted agents plays an increasingly important role in the management of BCBM. Novel agents, such as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–targeted therapies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, have shown promising results in improving survival for patients with HER2-positive and triple-negative BCBM. This comprehensive review synthesizes current knowledge, clinical insights, and evolving paradigms to provide a robust understanding and roadmap for optimizing the diagnosis and management of BCBM.