bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of the temporary arterial sound at the footwears of the lower hideship vessels (review and methods of temporary succession)
Authors: V. M. Rogovsky  , B. M. Koval  , A. O. Bondarevsky  , І. І.  Augustinovich  , O. S. Rodionov  , V. M. Holinko
Published: January 2019

Damage to the vessels remains an urgent and complicated issue of angio-surgery, both in the curative and organizational terms. In the course of the anti-terrorist operation in eastern Ukraine in 2014 — 2018, damage to major vessels requiring reconstructive interventions occurred in 2 % of the victims. In 90 % of the wounded, trauma to the vessels of the lower extremities was noted. In order to prevent the development of irreversible limb ischemia and its amputation in the trauma of major vessels in the conditions of the implementation of the surgical tactic «Damage control», the method of temporary shunting of the trunk vessels of the extremity deserves attention, which allows to restore blood flow through damaged major arteries in the short term, to prevent the development of irreversible ischemia and save the limb. Temporary bypass must be the initial stage of reconstructive surgery on the damaged major artery of the limb.The article describes the main historical stages of the inventions and improvements of temporal vascular shunts. The classification of temporal vascular shunts is given, their characteristics and detailed method of application are given. Temporary vascular shunts are effective; the possibility of their application should be considered when treating wounds of the vessels of the limbs of practically all types, in particular proximal veins. The main advantage of such shunts is to ensure early recovery of blood flow and to reduce the negative effects of arterial ischemia and venous hypertension. Unlike ligation, temporal bypass surgery is an element of multi-stage surgical treatment or damage control surgery. Despite the desire to maximize the implementation of primary reconstructive techniques at the stages of medical evacuation, for various reasons (delayed evacuation, intense combat and medical conditions) the frequency of the use of temporary prosthesis will not decrease. Therefore, in order to improve the results of treatment of injuries with damage to the main vessels, experimental and clinical testing of the use of the temporary prosthesis method in the implementation of the surgical tactic «damage control» is required.
Crohn’s disease: modern diagnosic and treatment
Authors: Ya. P. Feleshtunsky  , A. O. Mylanovska  , V. Yu. Pyrogovsky
Published: January 2019

A review of modern laboratory and instrumental methods of diagnosis in patients with Crohn’s disease, their rational combined use is given. Conservative and surgical treatment are considered. Particular attention is paid to minimally invasive endoscopic treatment of Crohn’s disease complications.
Relationship Family Health Behavior with The Frequency of Occurrence of Children Upper respiratory tract infections In Puskesmas Banyu Urip Surabaya
Authors: Anggraini Fritria Dwi , Munjidah Annif
Published: January 2019

Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI) is the most common deadly disease of children in Indonesia. The disease is still underestimated by some families and still consider as harmless disease, so that it may suffered by the children repeatedly. Most parents do not understand that this disease can cause more dangerous diseases if not immediately handled, especially when the immune system is in bad condition. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between family health behavior with the incidence of URI of toddlers. The type of this research was analytic observational with cross sectional approach. The population was 53 mothers with sick and healthy toddlers who visited the Puskesmas Banyu Urip Surabaya. The sample was 47 respondents which taken by simple random sampling. Independent vURTIable was family health behavior while dependent vURTIable was incident of URTI. Instruments were questionnaire and interview sheet. The data analyzed by Mann-Whitney test with significance level α = 0,05. The result showed that most of the respondents (61,7%) had positive behavior and most of them (59,6%) rarely suffered URTI, whereas almost half (40,4%) of respondents had children often suffered URI. Mann-Whitney test analysis results show that ρ = 0.008 <0.05 then H0 was rejected means there was relationship of family health behavior with the incidence of URTI at infants at Puskesmas Banyu Urip Surabaya
Talking Our Way Around Expert Caution: A Rhetorical Analysis of VAM
Authors: Tobiason Glory
Published: January 2019

This study turns a rhetorical lens on the debate about how best to use value-added modeling (VAM) in teacher evaluation by addressing the question, Which arguments legitimize the dismissal of expert caution about proposed education reforms? My rhetorical analysis of a corpus of nonacademic texts (e.g., newspapers, magazines, political speeches) reveals three persuasive strategies that function to get around technical concerns about VAM. By pointing out these strategies and explaining how they work, the study disrupts their persuasive potential and suggests a potentially overlooked role of expertise in public decision making.
Thermal Simulation for Unconditioned Single Zone with Modified Roof
Authors: Ali Mohammed Ali Nasser , Khalif Abdul Hadi Nema , Lafta Doaa Alaa
Published: January 2019

Roof in the Iraqi houses normally flattening by a concrete panel. This concrete panel has poor thermal properties. The usage of materials with low thermal conductivity and high specific heat gives a good improvements to the thermal properties of the concrete panel, thus, the indoor room temperature improves. A Mathcad program based on a mathematical model employing complex Fourier series built for a single room building. The model input data are the ambient temperature, solar radiation, and sol-air temperature, which have been treated as a periodic function of time. While, the room construction is constant due to their materials made of it, except the roof properties are taken as a variable generated practically from the improved mixing ratios.The result showed that using concrete panel with components (cement, sand, coarse aggregate, wood ash and Alabaster aggregates) with a ratio (1:1:2:1:1) and 3-plastic layer denoted by roof No.4, gives the best improvement of the thermal performance for the building. Where, the thermal conductivity is reduced by 42% and the specific heat increased by 41.2% compared to the traditional concrete panel mixing ratio denoted by roof No.1. Also, the mechanical properties are agreed with the Iraqi standards No. 1107 on 2002.
Experimental Study of Solar Still Under Influence of Various Conditions
Authors: Hammadi Mowaffaq Ali , Jasim Najim Abid
Published: January 2019

In the present work, experimental tests was done to explain the effect of insulation and water level on the yield output. Linear basin, single slope solar still used to do this purpose. The test was done from May to August 2017 in Mosul City-Iraq (Latitude: Longitude: Elevation: 200 m, and  South-East face). Experimental results showed that the yield output of the still increased by 20.785% and 19.864% in case of using thermal insulation at 4cm and 5cm respectively, also the yield output decrease by 15.134% as the water level increase from 4 to 5cm, with the presence of insulation and 14.147% without it. It has been conclude that the insulation and water level play important role in the process of passive solar desalination, also the desalination process has significant value at night and cannot be ignored.
Enhancement in Lubricating, Rheological, and Filtration Properties of Unweighted Water-Based Mud Using XC Polymer NPs
Authors: Salam Massara , Al-Zubaidi Nada S. , Al-Wasiti Asawer A.
Published: January 2019

In this research, an enhancement in lubricating, rheological, and filtration properties of unweighted water-based mud is fundamentally investigated using XC polymer NPs with 0.2gm, 0.5gm, 1gm, 2gm, and 4gm concentrations. Bentonite, that had been used in the preparation of unweighted water-based mud, was characterized using XRF-1800 Sequential X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer, XRD-6100/7000 X-ray Diffractometer, and Malvern Mastersizer 2000 particle size analyzer, respectively. Lubricating, rheology and filtration properties of unweighted water-based mud were measured at room temperature (35°C) using OFITE EP and Lubricity Tester, OFITE Model 900 Viscometer, and OFITE Low-Pressure Filter Press, respectively. XC Polymer NPs show a good enhancement in lubricating, rheology and filtration properties of unweighted water-based mud. The effect of XC Polymer NPs on lubricating properties was denoted at 4gm concentration, where the reduction percentage in COF was 30%.  An increase in PV, YP, AV, gel strength of unweighted water-based mud was obtained due to the addition of XC Polymer NPs at concentrations up to 4gm. A reduction in filtrate volume and mud cake thickness of unweighted water-based mud was obtained due to the addition of XC Polymer NPs at 2gm and 4gm concentrations, the best result was obtained with using 4gm concentration, the reduction percentage of filtrate volume was 20.7% and mud cake thickness was 41%.
Design of New Hybrid Neural Structure for Modeling and Controlling Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Al-Araji Ahmed Sabah , Al-Zangana Shaymaa Jafe'er
Published: January 2019

This paper proposes a new structure of the hybrid neural controller based on the identification model for nonlinear systems. The goal of this work is to employ the structure of the Modified Elman Neural Network (MENN) model into the NARMA-L2 structure instead of Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) model in order to construct a new hybrid neural structure that can be used as an identifier model and a nonlinear controller for the SISO linear or nonlinear systems. Weight parameters of the hybrid neural structure with its serial-parallel configuration are adapted by using the Back propagation learning algorithm. The ability of the proposed hybrid neural structure for nonlinear system has achieved a fast learning with minimum number of epoch, minimum number of neurons in the hybrid network, high accuracy in the output without oscillation response as well as useful model for a one step ahead prediction controller for the nonlinear CSTR system that is used in the MATLAB simulation.
Faktor-Faktor Efektif dalam Pengelolaan Jaringan Irigasi Kewenangan Pusat di Provinsi Jawa Barat
Authors: Rizal Achmad , Kusumartono FX Hermawan , Rianto Nanang
Published: January 2019

Keberhasilan operasi dan pemeliharaan jaringan irigasi dipengaruhi oleh kinerja lembaga pengelola jaringan irigasi. Aspek ini menjadi tambahan beban capaian pengelolaan jaringan irigasi. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan efektivitas pengelolaan sistem jaringan irigasi. Kajian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif berdasarkan kerangka fishbone dan regresi linier berganda. Diagram fishbone digunakan untuk menemukan kemungkinan penyebab masalah dalam pengelolaan irigasi. Faktor-faktor penting dari diagram fishbone lantas dipertajam dengan metode analisis regresi linier berganda untuk mengetahui seberapa besar faktor tersebut mempengaruhi manfaat dari sistem irigasi. Variabel independen yang digunakan dalam regresi adalah: prasarana fisik, produktivitas tanaman, sarana penunjang, organisasi personalia, dokumentasi kegiatan dan kondisi kelembagaan. Data didapat dengan mengumpulkan informasi primer dan sekunder dari pengelola jaringan irigasi dan perkumpulan petani pemakai air di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh signifikan dalam meningkatkan efektivitas pengelolaan sistem jaringan irigasi adalah prasarana fisik, organisasi personalia dan sarana penunjang. Ke depan, perlu dibuat sistem yang dapat mengukur perubahan kapasitas pengelolaan terkait dengan operasional dan pemeliharaan (OP) dari waktu ke waktu.
RELEVANSI PATEN DENGAN KEGIATAN AKADEMIS DAN SEBAGAI DUKUNGAN PENELITIAN PADA PERGURUAN TINGGI
Authors: Yandi Febri
Published: January 2019

Institusi Pendidikan dalam bidang sains dan teknik potensial untuk menghasilkan paten serta memahami diskripsi paten yang terdapat pada Berita Paten/Informasi Paten. Karena kemampuan ini, maka Institusi Pendidikan dengan bidang kajian di atas diharapkan dapat mengambil peran penting dalam meningkatkan jumlah paten domestik serta dapat melaksanakan serta mengembangkan invensi yang sudah tidak lagi dilindungi oleh paten karena sudah menjadi public domain.
UNDANG – UNDANG HAKI PADA TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI KOMUNIKASI
Authors: pratama heru
Published: January 2019

Kekayaan intelektual adalah kekayaan yang timbul dari kemampuan intelektual manusia yang dapat berupa karya di bidang teknologi, ilmu pengetahuan, seni dan sastra. Karya ini dihasilkan atas kemampuan intelektual melalui pemikiran, daya cipta dan rasa yang memerlukan curahan tenaga, waktu dan biaya untuk memperoleh “produk” baru dengan landasan kegiatan penelitian atau yang sejenis.Secara singkat HAKI adalah hak yang muncul bagi hasil olah pikir otak yang menghasilkan suatu produk atau proses yang berguna bagi manusia .Objek yang diatur dalam HAKI adalah karya-karya yang lahir akibat kemampuan intelektual manusia. Hak Cipta merupakan hak eksklusif bagi Pencipta atau Pemegang Hak Cipta untuk mengumumkan atau memperbanyak Ciptaannya, yang timbul secara otomatis setelah suatu ciptaan dilahirkan tanpa mengurangi pembatasan menurut peraturan perundang¬undangan yang berlaku.Pencipta dan/atau Pemegang Hak Cipta atas karya sinematografi dan Program Komputer memiliki hak untuk memberikan izin atau melarang orang lain yang tanpa persetujuannya menyewakan Ciptaan tersebut untuk kepentingan yang bersifat komersial.Pemegang Hak Cipta berhak memberikan Lisensi kepada pihak lain berdasarkan surat perjanjian lisensi. Pelaksanaan perjanjian lisensi tersebut disertai dengan kewajiban pemberian royalti kepada Pemegang Hak Cipta oleh penerima Lisensi. Jumlah royalti yang wajib dibayarkan kepada Pemegang Hak Cipta oleh penerima Lisensi adalah berdasarkan kesepakatan kedua belah pihak dengan berpedoman kepada kesepakatan organisasi profesi.Kata Kunci : HAKI
Individual Differences in Pathogen Avoidance Motivation Vary as a Function of Control over Pathogen Exposure and Basal Immunological Activity
Authors: Lab TCU Hill
Published: January 2019

Disgust and the immune system function as protections against the persistent threat of pathogen presence. However, the degree to which individuals invest in pathogen-avoidance (i.e., disgust) versus pathogen-management (i.e., the immune system) strategies should vary based on one’s ability to exercise control over their contact with potential sources of infection. We test this hypothesis across four studies. Findings reveal that when perceived or experimentally manipulated ability to control pathogen exposure was low, individuals exhibited decreased disgust sensitivity. Moreover, lower perceived control over pathogen exposure predicted higher basal immunological activity, which in turn predicted decreased behavioral efforts to avoid potentially pathogenic stimuli. Findings further reveal that inhibiting basal inflammatory activity (via aspirin administration) leads to a compensatory increase in disgust sensitivity, providing evidence for a causal relationship between these two variables. By providing novel insights into how one’s control over pathogen exposure influences disgust sensitivity and immune system activity, the current research poses an important contribution to the literature on disgust, pathogen avoidance, and the immune system.
On the potential role of retinal sheet transplants for sight restoration
Authors: Beyeler Michael
Published: January 2019

Retinal degenerative diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are among the leading causes of blindness in the world. Retinal sheet transplants offer a promising alternative approach to current treatment options. Here I summarize the findings of a recent study demonstrating intact visually evoked responses in rat primary visual cortex (V1) following successful transplantation, and discuss the suitability of retinal sheet transplants as a treatment option for severe retinal degeneration.
PELUANG ERA REVOLUSI INDUSTRI 4.0 DI INDONESIA
Authors: saputra niko
Published: January 2019

Hak Atas Kekayaan Intelektual (HaKI) adalah hak yang berasal dari kegiatan intelektual manusia yang memiliki manfaat ekonomi atau hak yang timbul dari hasil pola pikir yang menghasilkan suatu produk atau proses yang berguna untukkepentingan manusia. Tujuannya adalah untuk mendorong dan menumbuhkembangkan semangat terus berkarya dan mencipta .Era Revolusi Industri 4.0 yang merupakan industri yang menggabungkan antara teknologi otomatisasi dengan teknologi siber menuntut seluruh negara di dunia ini untuk berlomba-lomba menghasilkan inovasi teknologi tepat guna.
Summary for general audiences of a paper on negative selection
Authors: banerjee soumya
Published: January 2019

Summary for general audiences of a paper on negative selection.
Cluster-based characterisation of Australian apartment electricity demand and its implications for low-carbon cities
Authors: Roberts Mike B , Haghdadi Navid , Bruce Anna , MacGill Iain
Published: January 2019

Understanding of residential electricity demand has application in efficient building design, network planning and broader policy and regulation, as well as in planning the deployment of energy efficiency technologies and distributed energy resources with potential emissions reduction benefits as well societal and household cost savings. Very few studies have explored the specific demand characteristics of apartments, which house a growing proportion of the global urban population. We present a study of apartment electricity loads, using a dataset containing a year of half-hourly electricity data for 6000 Australian households, to examine the relationship between dwelling type, demographic characteristics and load profile. The focus on apartments, combined with the size of the data set, and the representative seasonal load profiles obtained through clustering full annual profiles, is unique in the literature. We find that median per-occupant household electricity use is 21% lower for apartments than for houses and that, on average, apartments have lower load factor and higher daily load variability, and show greater diversity in their daily peak times, resulting in a lower coincidence factor for aggregations of apartment loads. Using cluster analysis and classification, we also show the impact of dwelling type on the shape of household electricity load profiles.
Karakteristik bahasa Arab
Authors: kharismawati Siti hanifah
Published: January 2019

Bahasa Arab adalah bahasa yang digunakan secara luas dimuka bumi. Bahasa Arab merupakan bahasa utama dari 22 negara dan merupakan bahasa peribadatan dalam islam karena merupakan bahasa yang dipakai dalam Al-Qur’an. Jika dikatakan bahwa bahasa Arab adalah bahasa agama Islam, maka konsekuensinya adalah untuk memahami ilmu-ilmu agama islam dipersyaratkan menguasai bahasa Arab. Sebab sumber ilmu-ilmu agama di tulis menggunakan bahasa Arab. Sehingga agama Islam bahasa Arab bagaikan dua sisi mata uang yang tidak bisa dipisahkan. Sementara itu, jika dikatakan bahwa bahasa Arab adalah bahasa asing, maka konsekuensinya adalah bahasa Arab diposisikan sebagai bahasa komunikasi yang bukan sebagai prasyarat untuk memahami ilmu-ilmu agama islam.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA DI SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 07 MEDAN PERJUANGAN
Authors: Lubis Maulana Arafat , Azizan Nashran
Published: January 2019

The objectives of the study were, to find out the result of student in learning Math before and after using problem based learning model, to find out whether problem based learning model able to improve students’ ability in learning Math. The material topic was Addition and Reduction of integer operations,The subject of the study were 33 students at the seventh grade of SMP Muhammadiyah 07 Medan Perjuangan in academic year 2018/2019. The object of the study was problem based learning model in improving students’ ability in learning math with th topic Addition and Reduction of integer operations. The data were collected by using test, observation, documentation and interview. The data were analyzed in several steps, they were: data reduction, data display, and verifiying/conclusion. The result of students’ ability in learning math before using problem based learning model was low. It was represented by percentage of students’minimum mastery criteria only 15,15% with average 52,27. After using problem based learning model, students’ ability was improved. The percentage of students’ minimum mastery criteria was 60,60% and 75 at the end of cycle I and 90,90% and 87.57 at the end of cycle II. As a result, the using of problem based learning model in learning math with topic Addition and Reduction of integer operations was able to improve the ability og the seventh grade students of SMP Muhammadiyah 07 Medan Perjuangan in academic year 2018/2019.
Urgensi Bahasa Arab
Authors: kharismawati Siti hanifah
Published: January 2019

Bahasa merupakan suatu kebutuhan dasar dan penting bagi manusia, karena bahasa adalah media penyampai ide, gagasan, dan pikiran manusia dalam bentuk ucapan atau tulisan dengan maksud agar dipahami oleh orang lain. Seiring dengan perrjalanan waktu kehidupan manusia ragam bahasa pun semakin banyak, diantaranya bahasa Arab, Inggris,China, Spanyol,korea, jepang dan lain-lain. Diantara bahasa-bahasa dunia tersebut bahasa arab menjadi bahasa tertua dan paling lama digunakan didunia ini sejak Al-quran di turunkan dan agama Islam semakin berkembang, penutur bahasa Arab semakin bertambah hingga kini diturunkan oleh lebih dari 200.000 umat manusia. Bahasa ini digunakan secara resmi oleh kurang lebih 20 negara
Hakekat Kurikulum
Authors: Afrinaldi  , Rahmi Annisa , Maharani Aprina , C Jenny , Masril Masril
Published: January 2019

Kurikulum adalah seperangkat rencana dan pengaturan mengenai tujuan, isi, dan bahan pelajaran, serta cara yang digunakan sebagai pedoman penyelenggaraan kegiatan pembelajaran untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan tertentu. Kurikulum adalah suatu rancangan program pendidikan yang berisi serangkaian pengalaman yang diberikan kepada peserta didik untuk mencapai suatu tujuan yang ingin dicapai melalui serangkaian pengalam belajar
KARAKTERISTIK BAHASA ARAB
Authors: Nasution Aida Aqsanti
Published: January 2019

Bahasa Arab adalah bahasa yang digunakan secara luas dimuka bumi. Bahasa Arab merupakan bahasa utama dari 22 negara dan merupakan bahasa peribadatan dalam islam karena merupakan bahasa yang dipakai dalam Al-Qur’an. Jika dikatakan bahwa bahasa Arab adalah bahasa agama Islam, maka konsekuensinya adalah untuk memahami ilmu-ilmu agama islam dipersyaratkan menguasai bahasa Arab. Sebab sumber ilmu-ilmu agama di tulis menggunakan bahasa Arab. Sehingga agama Islam bahasa Arab bagaikan dua sisi mata uang yang tidak bisa dipisahkan. Sementara itu, jika dikatakan bahwa bahasa Arab adalah bahasa asing, maka konsekuensinya adalah bahasa Arab diposisikan sebagai bahasa komunikasi yang bukan sebagai prasyarat untuk memahami ilmu-ilmu agama islam.
Comparison of Jumping Distance on Several Grasshopper Species (Orthoptera)
Authors: Sugiarto Ari
Published: January 2019

Grashhoppers have the jumping ability to move on one place to another place. Other than that, Grasshoppers use the jumping ability to escape from predators. The jumping distance of several grasshopper species is not expected to be the same, this led to the idea to conducting reseach to measure the jumping distance of several grasshopper species. This reasearch was conducted in a closed room with a size of 5m x 5m. Grasshopper species measured by jumping distance are Atractomorpha crenulata, Gesonula mundata, Oxya hyla, and Xenocatantops humilis. The selection of these four grasshopper species is estimated to have different jumping distances. The result of the research showed that Oxya hyla have the farthest jumping distance compared to Atractomorpha crenulata, Gesonula mundata, and Xenocatantops humilis. Atractomorpha crenulata has the shortest jumping distance compared to Oxya hyla, Gesonula mundata, and Xenocatantops humilis. This difference in the jumping distance can estimated that Oxya hyla and Gesonula mundata more difficult to catch compared to Atractomorpha crenulata and Xenocatantops humili.
Intonation Systems Across Varieties of English
Authors: Grice Martine , German James Sneed , Warren Paul
Published: January 2019

This chapter surveys the intonation of Northern and Southern hemisphere mainstream and non-mainstream varieties of English as well as contact varieties spoken in Hong Kong, East, West and South Africa, Singapore, India, the South Pacific islands, the Caribbean and Malta. We explore the challenges posed by their diverging prosodic structures, in terms of both prominence and edge-marking, and observe that an account of the intonation of current-day ‘Englishes’ needs to cover a broad range of typological phenomena going well beyond what is present in the extensively researched mainstream varieties. This broad range in turn provides us with a chance to observe prosodic variation within one language that is usually only available to crosslinguistic studies.
Biological bases of beauty revisited: The effect of symmetry, averageness, and sexual dimorphism on female facial attractiveness
Authors: Jones Alex Lee , Jaeger Bastian
Published: January 2019

The theoretical factors influencing human female facial attractiveness – symmetry, averageness,and sexual dimorphism – have been extensively studied. However, through improved methodologies, recent studies have called into question their links with life history and evolutionary utility. The current study uses a range of statistical and methodological approaches to quantify how important these factors actually are in perceiving attractiveness, through the use of novel analyses and by addressing methodological weaknesses inherent in the literature. Study One examines how manipulations of symmetry, averageness, femininity, and masculinity affect attractiveness using a two-alternative forced choice task, revealing that increased masculinity is unattractive, but increased femininity is not, and large effects observed for averageness. Study Two utilises a naturalistic ratings paradigm, finding similar effects of averageness and masculinity, but no effects of femininity and symmetry on attractiveness. Study Three applies a random forest machine learning algorithm and geometric measurements of the factors from faces to predict perceived attractiveness, finding that averageness and dimorphism are useful features capable of relatively accurate predictions. However, the factors do not explain as much variance in attractiveness as the wider literature suggests. Implications for future research on attractiveness are discussed.
Knowledge of dietary habit and behavior-related determinants of non-communicable disease in women of urban setting of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Baral Dharanidhar , Bhattarai Sailesh , Shrestha Abha , Manandhar Nisha , Jha Nilambar
Published: January 2019

Background: The non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are one of the leading causes of death globally which accounts for 68% out of world’s 56 million deaths in 2012. Around 82% of the premature deaths due to NCDs occur in the low-and middle-income countries and 40% of global NCD-related deaths take place before the age of 70. The study aimed to assess knowledge of dietary habits and behaviour-related determinants of NCD in urban Nepalese women of Eastern Nepal.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed by using interviewer-administered questionnaire regarding knowledge on NCD. The definitions used for the study adopted the WHO STEP wise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance (STEPS) survey. A total 706 women aged 20–59 years were selected randomly from Inaruwa Municipality of Eastern Nepal.

Results: The overall knowledge scores was found to be 62.14% with standard deviation 14.93% and it build up that the diet- and behaviour-related causes (mean score 75.25%), diet quality (mean score 45.27%) fruit and vegetable link (mean score 30.02%), health consequences of obesity (mean score 76.82%), causes of cardiovascular disease (mean score 77.08%) and causes of certain cancers (mean score 36.10%) were calculated. The total score of knowledge regarding NCD was found to be significant with caste/ethnicity, education level, occupation, socioeconomic status, physical activity and fruit intake.

Conclusions: Findings revealed the population had good overall knowledge concerning diet and nutrition related to NCD in the relatively new context of the obesity epidemic in urban set up of Nepal. However, there was poor knowledge of the benefit of eating fruit and vegetables and other preventable causes of certain cancers. Nutrition education messages need to be communicated within the general population of women. Education targeting the benefits of vegetables and fruit may have the positive impact on NCD prevention.
Association between the clinical findings and chest radiographs in children with severe pneumonia aged 1 month to 5 years
Authors: Sah Vijay Kumar , Giri Arun , Niraula Niraj
Published: January 2019

Background: Pneumonia is the main cause of death among children under five years of age particularly in developing countries. According to the WHO, there are more than 15 million cases representing 7-13% of pneumonia cases annually which necessitate hospital admission due to their severity. There is paucity of data regarding the clinical spectrum and the epidemiology of severe pneumonia from eastern part of Nepal. It is important to understand the clinical spectrum and the epidemiology of severe pneumonia at local level to better define problem and to draw inferences for management and policy formulation.

Material and Methods: A hospital based retrospective observational study conducted at Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal. One hundred and forty four cases with a diagnosis of severe pneumonia were studied over a period of one year. All the cases from 1 month to 5 years of age fulfilling the standard WHO case definition of severe pneumonia were included in the study. A pre-designed semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain the clinical profile and investigations.

Results: A total of 144 cases were studied and analyzed. The age range was from 1 month to 5 years. The mean age of the cases was 13.56 months. Majority of the cases belonged to age group of 1-6 months 40.27% (n=58). There was a male preponderance in our study comprising 58.3% (n=84) of males and 41.7% (n=60) of females. Fever and cough were the most common symptoms present in all cases, fever being present in 95.8% (n=136) cases and cough was present in 98.6% (n=142) cases. The most common radiological finding in our study was bronchopneumonia in 27.8% (n=40) cases followed by lobar pneumonia in 24.3% (n=35) cases and interstitial pneumonia in 18.8% (n=27) cases. Complications were present in 6.9% (n=10) cases and 22.2% (n=32) of the cases had no radiological abnormalities. Among the studied symptoms and signs of severe pneumonia, hurried breathing (p<0.001), wheeze (p=0.016), refusal of feeds (p=0.001), altered sensorium (p=0.006) and previous history of acute respiratory infections showed significant association with radiological abnormalities.

Conclusion: Children of severe pneumonia presenting with fast breathing, wheeze, altered sensorium, refusal of feeding and past history of acute respiratory infections showed significant association with abnormal chest radiographs.
Study of the Amplitude of Accommodation and its Relation to Errors of Refraction: A Hospital Based Study
Authors: Chaudhary Neha Priyadarshani , Gautam Pramod Sharma , Dahal Sagar , Acharya Devendra
Published: January 2019

Background: The unique ability of the eye to vary the refractive power of the lens and to focus on things at a range of distances is called accommodation. The reduction of this ability in which the near point recedes further away from comfortable reading distance is called presbyopia. There is continuing research to understand this process and correct this affliction that affects each and every person at the peak of their productive life. With an aging population, the proportion of people above 40 years is on the rise. This will therefore have public health and economic implications.

Materials and Methods: This is a hospital based retrospective study which was conducted in 100 presbyopic patients in age group of 35 to 60 years at outpatient department of ophthalmology in Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, from 1st October 2016 to 30th March 2017. The amplitude of accommodation was calculated by measuring near point of accommodation with the help of RAF rule and the data collected was subjected to statistical analysis.

Results: Out of 100 patients in this study who visited our OPD with presbyopic complains, the no. of hypermetropic patients were highest (56%) and they presented with presbyopic symptoms at an early age as compared to myopes, while the no. of myopic patients were less(13%) and they presented late with presbyopic symptoms. The mean amplitude of accommodation was highest in myopes in all age group (3.35 D in 36-40 year age group which reduced to 2.65 D in 56-60 year age group).There was stastistically significant difference in amplitude of accommodation between myopia and  hypermetropia in all age groups except in 56-60 year age group.

Conlusion: The amplitude of accommodation is generally higher in myopes in all age groups as compared to hypermetropes and emmetropes and they usually develope presbyopic symtoms later in life.
Comparative study of laparoscopic hernia repair versus open hernia repair
Authors: Yadav Rohit Prasad , Thakur Dipendra , Baskota Bashu Dev , Shah Amit Kumar , Thapa Kaushal Samsher , Gharti Sakar Babu
Published: January 2019

Background: Hernia is the abnormal exit of an organ or fatty tissue, such as the bowel, through the weak wall of the cavity in which it normally resides. Repair of inguinal hernia is common surgical  procedures. This study aims to compare between laparoscopic and open hernia repair.

Method: Study is non randomized comparative study. Study includes 76 patients who had undergone surgery for hernioplasty. Among them 38 undergone laparoscopic hernioplasty and 38 undergone open hernioplasty from June 2016 to August 2018.

Results: Mean hospital stay was 2.95 days in group 1 and 4.03 in group 2 .VAS was found to be 2.45 in group 1 and 5.71 in group 2 which is significantly low in group 1 patients with p<0.001. Duration of surgery is more in group 1 with mean duration of 94.08 minutes comparing to group 2 with mean duration of 43.55 minutes (with p<0.001).

Conclusion: Laparoscopic hernia repair offers advantages over open repair in terms of less hospital stay and lower pain score for patient not contraindicated for general anesthesia and complicated hernia.
Comparative Trials of 5% Permethrin Lotions Vs 1% Gamma Benzene Hexachloride Lotions in Treatment of Scabies
Authors: Pradhan Manish , Rai Dipa , Paudel Sagar , Jha Chandra Bhal
Published: January 2019

Background: Scabies is a contagious pruritic skin condition caused by the mite Sarcoptesscabiei var. hominis, and it is one of the major public health problem in developing country like ours. To determine and compare the efficacy of topical permethrin and topical gamma benzene hexachloride in treatment of scabies in population of Nepal.

Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, comparative study conducted in 300 diagnosed cases of scabies treated with permethrin and gamma benzene hexachloride.

Results: At the end of 2nd week, treatment was effective in 91.2% cases in permethrin (group A) and 64.6% in gamma benzene hexachloride (group B). After switch over of the non-improved patients to the other group drug, 6.7% were treated successfully with gamma benzene hexachloride and 80.9% were treated successfully with permethrin at the end of 4th week. No major side effects were observed in both groups. Gamma benzene hexachloride was found to be cost effective than permethrin.

Conclusion: Permethrin was found to be more effective than gamma benzene hexachloride in treatment of scabies.
Intracerebral hemorrhage: epidemiology and surgical options from a tertiary care hospital in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Cherian Iype , Amatya Salona , Burhan Hira
Published: January 2019

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage accounts for 10 to 20% of strokes. Based on the precise site and size of the hematoma, ICH can manifest a range of clinical and radiological deficits. The role of surgical removal of hematoma has by far been controversial, and despite large clinical trials, the efficacy of surgery remains controversial. In this paper, we descried our experience of ICH and its epidemiology along with the outcomes of patients undergoing surgical removal of hematoma secondary to ICH.

Patient And Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted from April to September 2018 in a tertiary care center in Nepal. 102 patients undergoing surgery using trans-cortical, trans-sylvian or endoscopic approaches were included, and their outcomes were assessed using a 5-point GOS at a 6-weeks follow-up.

Results: A total of 102 patients were included in the study. Out of these, 54 were males(mean age: 54.7), and 48females (mean age: 56.13). Smoking was common in 42.2% of patients and alcohol intake (15.7%). The site of hematoma was 55.9% basal ganglia bleed and 44.1% hemorrhages of the frontal, occipital, parietal and temporal lobes collectively. Surgical outcomes at a 6-weeks follow up included a mortality of 11.8% (n=12), 27.5% (n=28) with moderate disability, and 60.8% (n=62) with good recovery.

Conclusion: The etiology of ICH is attributed to a spectrum of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Treatment strategies should focus on prevention of progression to secondary brain damage. Surgical intervention, if performed during the ideal time-window provides a good outcome in patients with ICH. Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy and best treatment strategy.
Cyclopia: A Rare Congenital Malformation
Authors: Yadav Sunil Kumar , Giri Arun , Sah Vijay Kumar
Published: January 2019

Cyclopia is a rare and lethal congenital anomaly of the forebrain system, resulting from incomplete cleavage of prosencephalon into right and left hemispheres occurring between the 18th and the 28th day of gestation. Approximately 1.05 in 100,000 births are identified as infants with cyclopia, including stillbirths. Many teratogenic factors are identified as the causative factors for this anomaly which include irregular cholesterol biosynthesis, radiation exposure, viruses, alcohol intake and maternal diabetes. Many authors also suggest genetic etiology of this illness. We report a case of 35 year old lady G7P6L5 with previous history of normal vaginal delivery who presented to us in second stage of labor. She delivered a male baby with a large head, a median single eye and absent nose with intact mouth. The baby died soon after the birth. This case is presented because of its rarity. Early ultrasound diagnostics and proper management of this anomaly must be emphasized most strongly to prevent complication associated with this condition.
Blacklisting or Whitelisting? Deterring Faculty in Developing Countries from Publishing in Substandard Journals
Authors: Matumba Limbikani , Maulidi Felix , Balehegn Mulubrhan , Abay Fetien , Salanje Geoffrey , Dzimbiri, Lewis , Kaunda Emmanuel
Published: January 2019

A thriving black-market economy of scam scholarly publishing, typically referred to as ‘predatory publishing,’ threatens the quality of scientific literature globally. The scammers publish research with minimal or no peer review and are motivated by article processing charges and not the advancement of scholarship. Authors involved in this scam are either duped or willingly taking advantage of the low rejection rates and quick publication process. Geographic analysis of the origin of predatory journal articles indicates that they predominantly come from developing countries. Consequently, most universities in developing countries operate blacklists of deceptive journals to deter faculty from submitting to predatory publishers. The present article discusses blacklisting and, conversely, whitelisting of legitimate journals as options of deterrence. Specifically, the article provides a critical evaluation of the two approaches by explaining how they work and comparing their pros and cons to inform a decision about which is the better deterrent.
Redesigning Scholarly Communications Workflows and Work Habits for the Digital Age: The Greenhouse Studios Proposal
Authors: Ceglio Clarissa J. , Scheinfeldt Tom , Sikes Sara
Published: January 2019

Greenhouse Studios | Scholarly Communications Design at UConn is a shared venture of the School of Fine Arts, UConn Library, and the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at the University of Connecticut. Backed by long-term university investments of staff and space, Greenhouse Studios aims to institute on its university’s campus, and share with others involved in academic publishing, a workflow and work culture suited to the creation of multimodal scholarly communications. This article summarizes the research, undertaken with support from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, that informed the development of a design-based, inquiry-driven, collaboration-first model of scholarly production that places continuous, close, and equitable scholarly communications labour at the heart of its mission. The model draws together divided workflows and flattens counter-productive hierarchies that, as vestiges of print-only traditions, impede fuller realization of the possibilities offered by the diverse range of digital and hybrid forms that increasingly define the publishing landscape.
Transitioning Specialized and Developing Journals into a University Press
Authors: Duggan Cait
Published: January 2019

When looking for journals to acquire, publishers will find many specialized academic journals that are managed outside university presses. Some are run by individual editorial offices, others by associations, and some under other arrangements. While these journals may not have large circulation numbers, they often have a faithful readership. Understanding the differences between the way a journal was managed in the past and the way a university press can manage it going forward will help the parties involved—publishers and editors—make an orderly transition through acquisition. A press planning to acquire a small, specialized journal should set at least four goals that will enable the journal to gain greater stability and prestige: 1) modifying or even overhauling the existing budget to improve its financial health, 2) amplifying its scholarly reputation, 3) designing it appropriately, and 4) marketing it more widely.
When Literature Scholars Write for General Readers: A Two-Person, First-Person Essay
Authors: Norton Sue , Mazzeno Laurence W.
Published: January 2019

This dually authored first-person essay offers a narrative account of the far-ranging writing experiences of two well-established academics who, like many others working in higher education, contribute writing to mainstream publications as well as to scholarly ones. The essay considers the implications for professional and personal reputations when material targeted at one kind of audience is easily accessible by another through internet ‘context collapse.’ It argues for an inextricable connection between authorial ethics and the essential rigour of all good writing, and it encourages scholar-writers to invest their energies in non-scholarly writing for its value to society.
Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisa sobre o Trabalho Docente
Authors: Tozetto Susana Soares , Cartaxo Simone Regina Manosso , Larocca Priscila , De Paula Lucimara Cristina
Published: January 2019

O objetivo deste texto é apresentar o grupo de pesquisa GEPTRADO da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa e a trajetória das pesquisas realizadas sobre a temática da formação de professores e suas práticas. A partir do histórico do grupo são apresentadas as linhas de pesquisa, os fundamentos teóricos que sustentam o eixo epistemológico adotado pelas pesquisadoras, as pesquisas concluídas e em desenvolvimento. O corpo da produção deste grupo se materializa em pesquisas desenvolvidas por acadêmicos da graduação, dos mestrandos e doutorandos do Programa de Pós-graduação da Universidade, além dos projetos coletivos do grupo. Ao destacar os resultados das principais pesquisas realizadas pelo GEPTRADO e grupos afins pretende-se oferecer contribuições para dialogar formação de professores e com a educação básica.
Institucionalización de la Formación de Licenciados en Ciencias Experimentales y áreas afines en Colombia
Authors: Franco-Moreno Ricardo Andrés
Published: January 2019

En este artículo se reportan los resultados de una investigación documental tendiente a determinar el estado actual de los programas de formación del profesorado de ciencias experimentales y áreas afines en Colombia, como un indicador de la institucionalización de la formación de profesionales en este campo del conocimiento. El estudio se enmarca en la fase de estructuración teórica del proyecto de investigación “Institucionalización de la formación inicial de profesores de química: 1970-2017. El caso de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional”. Particularmente se presenta un mapeo de los programas de licenciatura que en el lapso desde la década de 1970 años han sido ofertados por universidades públicas y privadas en el país, a partir del rastreo, análisis, procesamiento e interpretación de datos registrados en el Sistema Nacional de Información sobre la Educación Superior – SNIES. Se concluye que durante las dos últimas décadas fueron registrados formalmente en este sistema alrededor de 134 programas de licenciatura en las áreas objeto de indagación, de los cuales a la fecha está vigente tan solo un 36,6 %, prevaleciendo las licenciaturas en ciencias naturales enfocadas a la educación ambiental, lo que contrasta con una notable disminución de formación inicial de licenciados en las disciplinas específicas: física, biología y química, en especial esta última.