bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geographic Variations of Potentially Curative Treatments for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the United States: A SEER-Medicare Study
Authors: Cheng En , Hung Peiyin , Wang Shi-Yi
Published: June 2020

Background: Transplantation, surgical resection, radiofrequency ablation, and percutaneous ethanol injection are generally considered potentially curative treatments for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). With the increasing incidence of HCC, it is critical to investigate geographic variations in curative treatments and their associations with survival among patients. Methods: A total of 6,782 patients with HCC during 2004 to 2011 were identified in the SEER-Medicare linked database and placed in quartiles based on the proportions undergoing potentially curative treatments per hospital referral region (HRR). Hierarchical Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between regional potentially curative treatment patterns and survival across quartiles. Results: An average of 16.9% of patients with HCC underwent potentially curative treatments during 2004 to 2011, varying substantially from 0% to 34.5% across HRRs. Compared with patients residing in the lowest-quartile regions, those in the highest-quartile regions were more likely to be of other races (vs white or black), be infected with hepatitis B virus, and have more comorbidities. The 5-year survival was 4.7% in the lowest-quartile regions and 11.4% in the highest-quartile regions (P<.001). After controlling for confounders, patients in the highest-quartile regions had a lower risk of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.72–0.85). Conclusions: Patients with HCC who resided in HRRs with higher proportions of potentially curative treatments had better survival. Given its proven survival benefits, prompt clinical and policy actions are needed to reduce variations in treatment utilization.
BRAF-Mutated Erdheim-Chester Disease: Profound Response to Vemurafenib Visualized With Serial Multimodality Imaging
Authors: Gray Javaughn Corey R. , Kim Jongho , Digianvittorio Michael , Feeley Nancy K. , Scheel Paul J. , Siegelman Stanley S. , Fishman Elliot K. , Rowe Steven P.
Published: June 2020

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is an extremely rare and aggressive non-Langerhans histiocytic disorder. ECD typically presents with bone pain in middle-aged adults, although some patients present with multisystem disease involving the skeleton, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, lungs, and other disease sites. The etiology of ECD is currently unknown, but it is thought to be a reactive or neoplastic disorder. Recently, mutation of the BRAF gene has been found in >50% of ECD cases, and this gene has become a therapeutic target for patients with ECD. Vemurafenib, a BRAF inhibitor, has been approved by the FDA for treatment of ECD. This report presents an elderly male patient with an aggressive phenotype of ECD and highlights the utility of multimodality imaging in monitoring the clinical course and disease response to treatment with vemurafenib.
ЕЛЕКТРОНСКА ТРГОВИНА У СВЕТЛУ ЧЕТВРТЕ ИНДУСТРИЈСКЕ РЕВОЛУЦИЈЕ
Authors: Лабовић Бојан
Published: June 2020

Нова индустријска револуција је почела. У свету долази до развоја дигиталне технологије као и имплементације напредних технологија пре свега у производне процесе индустрије а све уз промене које се дешавају на глобалном нивоу економије а које намеће четврта индустријска револуција (Индустрија 4.0). Четврта индустријска револуција подразумева промене у вештачкој интелигенцији, аутоиндустрији, роботици, нанотехнологији, квантним компјутерима, електронској трговини итд. Такође четврта индустријска револуција подразумева промене у секторе привреде који користе или производе иновативне или нове технологије, а где су информационо-комунукационе технологије алат у креирању виртуелних-дигиталних канала трговине, у којима се тргује, а да се пословни партнери не виде. Да телефон почне да користи 50 милиона људи широм света било је потребно 75 год, за телевизију за исти број око 13 година, док је за интернет било потребно само 4 године. Циљ рада је да покаже да за успешно функционисање концепта електронске трговине у доба свакодневних промена на глобалном нивоу, подразумева разумевање интернет технологије као и Web и мобилних платформи које чине инфраструктуру електронске трговине. Из спектра иновација које са собом доноси интернет, аутори су се определили за истраживање интернета као платформе за измештање трговине на дигиталну мрежу, с једне, и претпоставке за развој нових модела трговине, познатијих у теорији и пракси каовиртуелна трговина, односно е-трговина, са друге стране.
ČUDOTVORNO ISCELJENJE OPSEDNUTIH U STAROM SRPSKOM FRESKO-SLIKARSTVU
Authors: Jović Nebojša J.
Published: June 2020

Brojne su scene čudesnih izlečenja bolesnika u ciklusima Hristovih isceljenja u freskoslikarstvuDečana, Ravanice, Kalenića, Morače i drugih srpskih manastira.Scene čudesnih ozdravljenja bolesnih sa raznim neuropsihijatrijskim bolestima čestouključuju isceljenje jednog ili dva opsednuta (besna) čoveka sa nečistim duhom u Gerasi(Marko V, 1-20) ili u okolini Gadare (Matija VIII 28-34; Luka VIII 26-39). Isceljenjaopsednutih vezana su za isterivanje nečiste sile koja je zaposela telo. Sputanost opsednutihsimbolički je iskazana lancima, kao i njihovim životom u grobu, koji oni ne prepoznaju kaomesto smrti i neživota. Pod uticajem Hristovih isceliteljskih moći, demoni i zli duhovi izlazeiz usta opsednutih i ulaze u svinje, koje se zatim utapaju u jezero/more.Crkva Vaznesenja Gospodnjeg je manastirska zadužbina kralja Stefana Uroša IIIDečanskog. Služeći se umerenim realizmom, dečanski majstori stvorili su između 1338. i1350. jedan od najvećih ciklusa Hristovih čuda u vizantijskoj i srpskoj umetnosti. Brojna suHristova isceljenja opsednutih bolesnika na dečanskim freskama: isceljenje besnog koji bešenem i slep, isceljenje dvojice sa nečistim duhom u Gadari, izlečenje kćeri Hananejke, kojumuči đavo, isceljenje sumanutog u Kapernaumu i izlečenje besnog čoveka u Gerasi.Na freskama resavsko-moravske škole u Ravanici, Kaleniću i Manasiji, na počasnim,mestima naslikani su prizori čudotvornih Hristovih isceljenja. Iako prekrasne, one se manjezadržavaju na pojedinostima koje bi se mogle koristiti kao izvori za istoriju medicine uodnosu na ranije doba. U vizantijskoj i staroj srpskoj umetnosti, za razliku od Hristovih čuda,izuzetno je retko prikazivana scena moći arhanđela da isceljuje opsednute ljude. Na jednojfresci u manastiru Lesnovo (XIV vek) prikazan je Arhanđel Mihailo kako isceljuje monahaMihaila u koga je ušao demon.Pored religioznog karaktera, scene čudotvornih isceljenja opsednutih u starom srpskomfresko-slikarstvu, pružaju dragocene informacije o izgledu i životu osoba sa mentalnimporemećajima i različitim duševnim bolestima i odnosu okoline prema njima u doba kada sustvorene.
MEDICINSKA ETIKA, MEDICINSKO PRAVO I DEONTOLOGIJA
Authors: Maleš Jelena , Stojaković Milan
Published: June 2020

Rad govori o pojmu i predmetu medicinske etike, pojmu morala, deontologije i sve toobuhvaćeno pravnim propisima i standardima, koji se u velikom broju tačaka spajaju, ali irazilaze od pojma morala. Medicinska etika se izdvaja iz okvira fundamentalnih nauka, jer jesama po sebi medicina kao nauka ozbiljna i odgovorna grana. Usko vezana za medicinskuetiku jeste i psihijatrija koja je vrlo bitna sa etičkog načela kao implicitni dio dobročinstva,gdje se teži uspostaviti etička relacija pacijenta i ljekara i prevazići prethodni paternalnipristup liječenja.
ANALIZA KORELACIJE MORFOMETRIJSKIH KARAKTERISTIKA GLAVE REPATOG JEDRA I INTENZITETA ANKSIOZNOG POREMEĆAJA
Authors: Stojanović Zlatan , Vukadinović Stojanović Sanja , Stojaković Milan
Published: June 2020

Repato jedro (nc. caudatus) funkcionalno pripada ekstrapiramidalnom motornom sistemu. U posljednjevrijeme repato jedro se funkcionalno dovodi i u vezu sa regulacijom emocija, a naročito pojavom depresije. Ciljnašeg rada je bio da se ispita funkcionalna povezanost repatog jedra u regulaciji drugog učestalog poremećajaemocija tj. anksioznosti. Ispitanici i metode: Istraživanje je obuhvatilo ukupno trideset i jednu osobu oboljelu odgeneralizovanog anksioznog poremećaja (F41.1). Dijagnoza anksioznog poremećaja je postavljana na osnovuDSM-V kriterijuma, a intenzitet anksioznosti je procjenjivan primjenom Bekove skale za anksioznost. Veličinaglave repatog jedra određivana je na aksijalnim nekontrasnim CT snimcima na površini najvećeg poprečnogpresjeka primjenom AutoCAD 2007 digitalne morfometrije. Statistički podaci su obrađivani u SPSS 16.0programskom paketu. Statistički zaključci izneseni su na osnovu dvosmjernog p < 0.05. Rezultati: U ovoj studijimi smo ustanovili pozitivnu korelaciju intenziteta anksioznosti i površine najvećeg poprečnog presjeka glave nc.caudatusa lijevo (B = 0.135, p = 0.027). Međutim utvrdili smo pozitivnu korelaciju obima poprečnog presjekaglave repatog jedra i intenziteta anksioznosti obostrano (lijevo B = 0.383, p = 0.001; desno B = 0.342, p =0.007). Zaključak: Rezultati našeg istraživanja ukazali su na pozitivnu korelaciju površine presjeka glaverepatog jedra lijevo i intenziteta anksioznosti. Budući da je korelacija obima presjeka glave repatog jedra iintenziteta anksioznosti potvrđena obostrano, ukazujemo na mogućnost da je matematički parametar obimaglave repatog jedra pouzdaniji parametar u procjeni intenziteta anksioznosti od površine.
Crimes of terrorist and extremist nature: statistical results of implementation of the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation
Authors: Moskalev Georgii
Published: June 2020

The subject of this research is the rate of recorded crimes of terrorist and extremist nature in their dynamics for the period of implementation of the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2020. For the purpose of discovering the impact of criminalization and decriminalization processes upon the changes of this index, the author explores s the norms on responsibility for extremist and terrorist crimes, which also comprise the subject of this research. Attention is given to corrections in method of accounting of such crimes in the examined period, as well as their impact upon the changes of the index. In the course of study it was discovered that compared to 2009, the number of recorded crimes of extremist nature during the period of 2014-2018 increased by 2.5-3 times, but in 2019 this index has returned to the initial numbers, which is explained by partial decriminalization of acts stipulated by the Article 28 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The number of recorded crimes of terrorist nature by 2019 superseded the 2009 index by almost 3 times, caused by criminalization of various accompanying manifestations of terrorist activity. The growth in the indexes of both cases relates to expansion of the list of actions attributable to the aforementioned categories of crimes in formation of statics. In the end, implementation of the Strategy cannot be assessed negatively due to growth in crime rate, since it is caused by the socially justified amendments to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and changes in statistical calculation.
Legal nature of debt restructuring in a bankruptcy case of a citizen: articulation of the problem
Authors: Katkov Kirill
Published: June 2020

The subject of this research is articulation of the problem of legal qualification of a new institution of Russian law – debt restructuring in a personal bankruptcy case. The author sets a goal to determine the scope of problems emerging in examination of a question of legal nature of the debt restructuring plan, and proposes ways of their possible solution. The research covers question such as correlation between the restructuring plan and other categories of the institution of personal insolvency, presence of elements of a deal in the restructuring plan, essence of debt restructuring, as well as court’s role in personal debt restructuring. The empirical base of this research includes materials from case law of both, lower and higher courts. The scientific novelty of this work consists in the approach towards definition of the essence of restructuring plan that is principally different from other versions in literature, namely the qualification of the restructuring plan as a legal claim, rather than a civil law deal. The author advances a concept, according to which the obligations on debt restructuring stem from a court order, rendered in response to demands of parties (or party) in a personal a bankruptcy case expressed by presentation of restructuring plan to the court. Based on this concept, legal practitioners intending to argue a restructuring plan, are recommended to file an appeal for court order on confirmation of restructuring plan, or with a motion on its annulment by the court, rather than with a request to find the restructuring plan an invalid deal.
Operators of foreign payment systems and foreign providers of payment services as subjects of national payment system
Authors: Sitnik Aleksandr Aleksandrovich
Published: June 2020

This article is dedicated to study of peculiarities of legal regulation of the work of operators of foreign payment systems and foreign providers of payment services within the framework of national payment system of the Russian Federation. The object of this research is the public relations that emerge in the process of rendering payment services by foreign providers, their provision of electronic payment means for financial transfers on the territory of the Russian Federation, functionality of the operators of foreign payment systems, and supervision by the Bank of Russia. The subject of this research is the legislative norms on national payment system. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that based on the positions of the legislation on national payment system conclusions are made on peculiarities of carrying out supervision over the operators of foreign payment systems and foreign providers of payment services. This supervision is also indirectly carried out through Russian operators of financial transfers. In a case of failure by a foreign organization to meet the requirements established by the legislation on national payment system, the operators of financial transfers loses its right to take part in international payment systems and render financial services associated with transfer of funds using electronic payment methods rendered by foreign providers. The corresponding rules were set to ensure stability of national payment system, increase the quality of payment services, protect the rights and lawful interests of payment service consumers, and finally, ensure financial security of the Russian Federation.
Can Giant Cell Tumor of the Bone Occur in the Skeletally Immature?
Authors: Haseeb Amber , Singh Vivek Ajit , Jayalakshmi Pailoor
Published: June 2020

Giant cell tumor (GCT) of the bone is a benign, locally aggressive neoplasm that has a high tendency for local recurrence. It usually has a higher incidence in the third decade of life. This is a retrospective review of a case with histologic confirmation of GCT in a skeletally immature patient involving the metatarsal bone, which is a rare site. At our institution, 1.3% of skeletally immature patients had GCT of the bone. From an extensive literature review, only four cases of GCT of the metatarsal bone in the skeletally immature were identified. Giant cell tumor in a skeletally immature patient can be confused for an aneurysmal bone cyst because of similar radiologic findings. Giant cell tumor of the bone can occur in an immature skeleton and should be sought out as a differential diagnosis despite being rare.
Fra abonnement til åpen tilgang
Authors: Ottesen Lene
Published: June 2020

Per mars 2020 har Norge 11 avtaler med akademiske forlag som sikrer umiddelbar åpen tilgang. UiT har sluttet seg til alle disse avtalene. I den spede begynnelse viser publiseringstallene at mer blir åpent tilgjengelig. Tidlige internasjonale erfaringer har pekt på det samme, men også at det koster. Avtalene oppfyller i store trekk nasjonale politiske krav og kravene i Plan S. Likevel er det usikkert hvilken retning vi beveger oss i. Avtaler med forlagene som inkluderer åpen tilgang bidrar til økt åpen publisering, men hvorvidt de også vil bidra til å redusere kostnader på sikt og å endre systemet gjenstår å se.
Utviklingen i Open Access ved UiT 2011–2019
Authors: Frantsvåg Jan Erik , Aspaas Per Pippin
Published: June 2020

Dette er ment som en historisk oversikt over utviklingen i viktige tall på Open Access-området (OA, dvs. åpen tilgang til vitenskapelige publikasjoner på nettet) fra og med 2011 til og med 2019. Universitetet i Tromsø, nå UiT Norges arktiske universitet, vedtok sin første OA-policy i universitetsstyremøtet i oktober 2010. 2011 er dermed det første virkeåret, mens 2019 er siste året vi har helårstall for. Statistikken er avgrenset til fagfellevurderte artikler i vitenskapelige tidsskrift og serier. Tre tema diskuteres særskilt, det er: fordelingen mellom «Gull OA» og «Grønn OA», administrasjonen av UiTs publiseringsfond og vitenarkivet Munin.
The Munin Conference on Scholarly Publishing
Authors: Longva Leif
Published: June 2020

The series of annual Munin Conferences was born in 2006. This is a short history of how it happened, and how the conference has developed over the years, step by step, into one of the most important conferences in Europe within its scope. Scholarly publishing is an important part of, and a prerequisite for progress in research. The advent of the Internet has given options for dramatic changes in the process of publishing and the dissemination of research. This has given the Munin Conferences ample issues to debate over the years, and, most likely, the years to come.
DataverseNO: A National, Generic Repository and its Contribution to the Increased FAIRness of Data from the Long Tail of Research
Authors: Conzett Philipp
Published: June 2020

Research data repositories play a crucial role in the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) ecosystem of digital objects. DataverseNO is a national, generic repository for open research data, primarily from researchers affiliated with Norwegian research organizations. The repository runs on the open-source software Dataverse. This article presents the organization and operation of DataverseNO, and investigates how the repository contributes to the increased FAIRness of small and medium sized research data. Sections 1 to 3 present background information about the FAIR Data Principles (section 1), how FAIR may be turned into reality (section 2), and what these principles and recommendations imply for data from the so-called long tail of research, i.e. small and medium-sized datasets that are often heterogenous in nature and hard to standardize (section 3). Section 4 gives an overview of the key organizational features of DataverseNO, followed by an evaluation of how well DataverseNO and the repository application Dataverse as such support the FAIR Data Principles (section 5). Section 6 discusses how sustainable and trustworthy the repository is. The article is rounded up in section 7 by a brief summary including a look into the future of the repository.
Seniorprosjektet 2017–2019
Authors: Figenschou Lars
Published: June 2020

God forvaltning og deling av forskningsdata er helt sentralt for å fremme transparens og kvalitet i forskningen. Seniorprosjektet (2017–2019) har tilbudt UiTs forskerseniorer hjelp med tilrettelegging av forskningsdata slik at dataene ikke går tapt. I samarbeid med den enkelte forsker har vi beskrevet datagrunnlaget og tilrettelagt for fremtidig åpen tilgang og publisering, der det har vært aktuelt.
Nebulized dexmedetomidine improves pulmonary shunt and lung mechanics during one-lung ventilation: a randomized clinical controlled trial
Authors: Xu Bo , Gao Hong , Li Dan , Hu Chunxiao , Yang Jianping
Published: June 2020

Background

Dexmedetomidine (Dex), a selective a2-adrenergic receptor agonist, has been previously reported to attenuate intrapulmonary shunt during one-lung ventilation (OLV) and to alleviate bronchoconstriction. However, the therapeutic effects of nebulized Dex on pulmonary shunt and lung mechanics during OLV have not been evaluated. Here we determine whether nebulized dexmedetomidine improved pulmonary shunt and lung mechanics in patients undergoing elective thoracic surgery in a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial.

Methods

One hundred and twenty-eight patients undergoing elective thoracoscopic surgery were included in this study and randomly divided into four groups: 0.9% saline (Placebo group), 0.5 µg/kg (Dex0.5 group), 1 µg/kg (Dex1 group) and 2 µg/kg (Dex2group) dexmedetomidine. After bronchial intubation, patients received different nebulized doses of dexmedetomidine (0.5 µg/kg, 1 µg/kg and 2 µg/kg) or 0.9% saline placebo during two-lung ventilation(TLV). OLV was initiated 15 min after bronchial intubation. Anesthesia was maintained with intravenous infusion of cisatracurium and propofol. Bispectral Index values were maintained within 40–50 by adjusting the infusion of propofol in all groups. Arterial blood gas samples and central venous blood gas samples were taken as follows: 15 min after bronchial intubation during two-lung ventilation (TLV15), after 30 and 60 min of OLV (OLV30and OLV60, respectively) and 15 min after reinstitution of TLV (ReTLV). Dynamic compliance was also calculated at TLV15, OLV30, OLV60 and ReTLV.

Results

Dex decreased the requirement of propofol in a dose-dependent manner(P = 0.000). Heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) displayed no significant difference among groups (P = 0.397 and 0.863). Compared with the placebo group, Dex administered between 0.5 and 2 µg/kg increased partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) significantly at OLV30 and OLV60(P = 0.000); however, Dex administered between 1 and 2 µg/kg decreased pulmonary shunt fraction (Qs/Qt) at OLV30 and OLV60(P = 0.000). Compared with the placebo group, there were significant increases with dynamic compliance (Cdyn) after OLV in Dex0.5, Dex1 and Dex2group(P = 0.000). Conclusions. Nebulized dexmedetomidine improved oxygenation not only by decreasing pulmonary shunt but also by improving lung compliance during OLV, which may be effective in managing OLV.
Assessment of methods used for 3-dimensional superimposition of craniofacial skeletal structures: a systematic review
Authors: Mai Daniel Dinh-Phuc , Stucki Sven , Gkantidis Nikolaos
Published: June 2020

Background

So far, several techniques have been recommended for the assessment of craniofacial changes through skeletal tissue superimposition, but the evidence that supports them remains unexplored. The purpose of the present study is to assess the available literature on skeletal-tissue superimpositions of serial craniofacial CT or CBCT images used to detect morphological changes.

Materials and Methods

Medline (via Pubmed), EMBASE, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Open Grey and Grey Literature Report were searched (last search: 17.11.2019) using specific terms that fulfilled the requirements of each database in the context of the study aim. Hand searches were also performed. The outcomes of interest were the accuracy, precision, or agreement between skeletal-tissue superimposition techniques to assess changes in the morphology of craniofacial structures. Studies of any design with sample size ≥3 were assessed by two authors independently. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42019143356).

Results

Out of 832 studies, fifteen met the eligibility criteria. From the 15 included studies, 12 have shown high total risk of bias, one low risk of bias, and two studies have shown unclear risk of bias. Thirteen out of the 15 studies showed high applicability concerns, two unclear and no study had low applicability concerns. There was high heterogeneity among studies regarding the type of participants, sample size, growth status, machines, acquisition parameters, superimposition techniques, assessment techniques and outcomes measured. Fourteen of them were performed on Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and one on Computed Tomography (CT) derived 3D models. Most of the studies (eleven) used voxel-based registration, one landmark-based registration and three studies compared different registration techniques, which include the surface-based registration. Concerning the area of interest, nine studies focused on the anterior cranial base and certain facial structures, four on maxillary structures and four on mandibular structures. Non-growing participants were included in six studies, growing in eight, whereas one study had both.

Conclusion

Most of the available studies had methodological shortcomings and high applicability concerns. At the moment, certain voxel-based and surface-based superimpositions seem to work properly and to be superior to landmark-based superimposition. However, further research in the field is required to develop and properly validate these techniques on different samples, through high quality studies with low applicability concerns.
Causes and Consequences of the Black Sea Ecosystem Pollution with Petroleum Products
Authors: Cioruța Bogdan , Mădăras Diana , Coman Mirela
Published: June 2020

Until the beginning of the 21st century concerns related to the management of protected areas have been reduced to the voluntary initiatives of nature lovers, rarely materializing in specific conservation measures carried out by the authorities or administrators of those areas. As the concern for the management of protected areas is relatively new in Romania and the information related to this subject is relatively scarce, especially those regarding marine ecosystems, we considered necessary this study on the management of marine protected areas in relation to oil pollution. Marine protected areas, in particular, delimited as areas where the main purpose is the protection of nature and cultural values, are important for all segments of society. They have great potential to become models of harmonious society development, promoting more than other protected areas the sustainable resource management. At the same time, the management measures promoted, sometimes imposed, can affect the communities inside or in the immediate vicinity of the areas, and can significantly influence the development of the economy. Recently (as a reference 1970-2020), the pollution of the marine environment with petroleum products has gained dramatic accents. The maritime transport of oil, the exploration and exploitation of marine deposits, their processing in refineries located in the vicinity of the coastal area, to which are added other anthropogenic activities, have generated and still generate a number of risk factors, which involve numerous pollution incidents. Navigation accidents of large oil tanks or incidents at offshore drilling rigs caused, in the same period, major environmental disasters, with the most severe consequences. Marine ecosystems in polluted regions have thus suffered major losses and disturbances, which have been felt for a long time. Through this paper we aim to review some aspects of oil pipeline pollution of the Planetary Ocean, respectively the associated pollution in the Black Sea ecosystem. Following the analyzes carried out on the basis of the data from the consulted literature, as well as following other observations, we came to the conclusion that the protected areas associated with the Black Sea, as well as the marine ecosystem itself, are far from being affected by such accidents.
A Study on Use of Black Polythene Mulch as a Climate Smart Technology on Performance of Winter Cucumber and Resource Conservation In Terai Agro-climatic Zone of West Bengal
Authors: Sarkar Surajit , Das Ganesh , Rahman F. H. , Biswas Sujan , Sarkar Suraj , Saha Sankar , Roy Bikash
Published: June 2020

Though cucumber is mainly grown during pre-kharifand kharif season, but farmers of Teesta flood plains of Terai region prefer to grow this very crop during rabi season because of its high market demand and price during this period of year. This region experiences extreme cold during January and February, when maximum and minimum temperature falls below 22°C and 8°C respectively, average being around 13°C. As a result fruit setting and development is badly affected in cucumber. In order to cope with this problem of low temperature following study was conducted at Khagribari village (Latitude - 26.3504°N, Longitude - 89.4435°E) of Cooch Behar district of West Bengal, India during 2015-16 and 2016-17 under a National Network Project entitled ‘National Innovations on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA)’ to assess effect of black polythene mulch on winter cucumber and on resource conservation with active participation of fourteen innovative and receptive farmers each having plot size of 0.13 ha. Performance of black polythene mulch was studied against conventional practice of growing winter cucumber without any mulch. Observations were taken on yield and yield attributing parameters of winter cucumber- like days taken to flower, flower drop percentage, fruiting period; net profit, soil temperature, irrigation water requirement etc. Two independent sample t- test were performed to compare two treatments for all parameters. Resulted showed that significantly higher yield (29.1 t/ha) and net return (Rs. 108100/ha) was obtained under black polythene mulch over conventional practice (26.2 t/ha and Rs. 80700/ha) as fruiting advanced by 5 days, fruiting period expanded by 20 days and fruit drop reduced to the extent of 10% due to higher night soil temperature and lesser fluctuation between day and night soil temperature under poly-mulching as against that of plots without mulch. The treatment also marked significant effect in conserving ground water and fuel by cutting down irrigation water requirement and diesel consumption in the tune of 5.38 ha-cm and 18.70 L/ha, respectively. Lower air pollution was also recorded due to 48.62 kg lower emission of CO2 from irrigation pump during irrigation of 1 hectare area.
Numerical Model for High Relative Capacity of Tensegrity Cable Domes
Authors: LOGZIT Nacer , KEBICHE Khelifa
Published: June 2020

The tensegrity cable domes are a type of structures composed of compressed bars and tensioned cables. They are characterized by an exceptional innovation in terms of lightness. Research in this area is booming towards multiple applications. In the absence of an approach linking design by dimensioning, this article aims to propose a procedure for verifying the design while seeking a better lightness of the structure. The article uses the novelty of the methods applied for this kind of structure, using the hypothesis of geometric nonlinearity, to find the best solution, verifying all the sizing criteria. Through an example of a simple cables dome, we have shown the feasibility of this approach. The shape of the triangles forming the basis of design, have a direct relationship on the relative capacity, this last has been significantly improved, This method can easily be applied to other examples of more complex cables domes.
Nonthermal Dynamics of Dielectric Functions in a Resonantly Bonded Photoexcited Material
Authors: Tanimura Hiroshi , Watanabe Shinji , Ichitsubo Tetsu
Published: June 2020

A fundamental question of whether it is thermal or nonthermal has often been argued, when the system undergoes an ultrafast phase change by femtosecond laser photoexcitation. One of the difficulties therein is how to consider the thermalization of a photoexcited system, in which the “lattice” and “electron” systems are decoupled from an equilibrium state just after photoexcitation. This work shows a methodology to identify a thermalization‐time domain of a photoexcited semiconductor, where it can be detected by monitoring the time‐resolved photoabsorption broadband spectrum and comparing that to thermally induced spectrum changes, by which the electron–lattice thermalization time is evaluated to be 12 ps for PbTe. Further analyzing the dynamic dielectric functions substantiates that thermalization time is related to the recovery time of the resonant bonding. Such a crucial determination of thermalization time would eliminate an uncertainty of “thermal or nonthermal” in ultrafast phase change of the resonantly bonded materials.
Bioinspired Ionic Sensory Systems: The Successor of Electronics
Authors: Xiao Kai , Wan Changjin , Jiang Lei , Chen Xiaodong , Antonietti Markus
Published: June 2020

All biological systems, including animals and plants, communicate in a language of ions and small molecules, while the modern information infrastructures and technologies rely on a language of electrons. Although electronics and bioelectronics have made great progress in the past several decades, they still face the disadvantage of signal transformation when communicating with biology. To narrow the gap between biological systems and artificial‐intelligence systems, bioinspired ion‐transport‐based sensory systems should be developed as successor of electronics, since they can emulate biological functionality more directly and communicate with biology seamlessly. Herein, the essential principles of (accurate) ion transport are introduced, and the recent progress in the development of three elements of an ionic sensory system is reviewed: ionic sensors, ionic processors, and ionic interfaces. The current challenges and future developments of ion‐transport‐based sensory systems are also discussed.
Persistent‐Homology‐Based Microstructural Optimization of Materials Using t‐Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Lei , Ogawa Toshio , Adachi Yoshitaka
Published: June 2020

Microstructure optimization is a core issue to maximize the performance of materials. Due to the increasing demand for highly efficient materials, traditional trial‐and‐error‐based experimental methods have become insufficient for designing novel materials with useful properties. Based on the fact that materials with similar microstructural features exhibit similar properties, this work proposes a persistent‐homology‐based microstructure optimization approach performed with a machine learning algorithm of t‐distributed stochastic neighbor embedding to find optimal microstructures for specific properties. The method is applied to dual‐phase steels, where a microstructure with high‐fraction martensite is identified for achieving a maximum stress. The method proposed here is expected to provide new basis to understand the materials paradigm and thus accelerate the materials discovery process.
Delicate Morphology Control Triggers 14.7% Efficiency All‐Small‐Molecule Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Tang Hua , Chen Haiyan , Yan Cenqi , Huang Jiaming , Fong Patrick W. K. , Lv Jie , Hu Dingqin , Singh Ranbir , Kumar Manish , Xiao Zeyun , Kan Zhipeng , Lu Shirong , Li Gang
Published: June 2020

Morphology is a critical factor to determine the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, delicately fine‐tuning the morphology involving only small molecules is an extremely challenging task. Herein, a simple, generic, and effective concentration‐induced morphology manipulation approach is demonstrated to prompt both the state‐of‐the‐art thin‐film BTR‐Cl:Y6 and thick‐film BTR:PC71BM all‐small‐molecule (ASM) OSCs to a record level. The morphology is delicately controlled by subtly altering the prepared solution concentration but maintaining the identical active layer thickness. The remarkable performance enhancement achieved by this approach mainly results from the enhanced absorption, reduced trap‐assistant recombination, increased crystallinity, and optimized phase‐separated network. These findings demonstrate that a concentration‐induced morphology manipulation strategy can further propel the reported best‐performing ASM OSCs to a brand‐new level, and provide a promising way to delicately control the morphology towards high‐performance ASM OSCs.
Recent Progress in the Consecutive Double Heck Reaction
Authors: Ju Baihang , Kong Wangqing
Published: June 2020

Group website: http://wqkong.whu.edu.cnAlthough the Heck reaction has been discovered for more than 50 years, there remains significant opportunities for chemists to make new discoveries. The traditional Heck reaction is mainly limited to the arylation of alkenes, but the efficient construction of diverse polycyclic scaffolds bearing an alkenyl functional group in one‐pot operation by consecutive double Heck cyclization has been scarcely investigated. We therefore summarise the recent progress in Pd‐ and Ni‐catalyzed consecutive double Heck cyclization and highlight the enantioselective transformations and their applications in the total synthesis of natural products with congested quaternary carbon stereocenters.
Thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties of addition‐type liquid silicone rubber co‐filled with Al2O3 particles and BN sheets
Authors: Feng Qi‐kun , Zhang Dong‐Li , Zha Jun‐wei , Yin Li‐juan , Dang Zhi‐min
Published: June 2020

The addition‐type liquid silicone rubber (ALSR) co‐filled with spheroidal Al2O3 and flaky BN was prepared by the mechanical blending and hot press methods to enhance the thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties for industrial applications. Morphologies of ALSR composites were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the interaction and dispersion state of fillers in the ALSR matrix were improved by the introduction of BN sheets. Thermal, electrical, and mechanical performances of the ALSR composites were also investigated in this work. The result indicated that the thermal conductivity of ALSR can reach 0.64 W m−1 K−1 at the loading of 20 wt% Al2O3/20 wt% BN, which is 3.76 times higher than that of pure ALSR. The addition of Al2O3 particles and BN sheets also improve the thermal stability of ALSR composites. Moreover, pure ALSR and ALSR composites showed relatively lower dielectric permittivity (1.9–3.1) and dielectric loss factor (<0.001) at the frequency of 103 Hz. The insulation properties including volume resistivity and breakdown strength were improved by the introduction of flaky BN in the ALSR matrix. The volume resistivity and characteristic breakdown strength E0 are 6.68 × 1015 Ω m and 93 kV/mm, respectively, at the loading of 20 wt% Al2O3/20 wt% BN. In addition, the mechanical characteristics including elongation at break and tensile strength of ALSR composites were also enhanced by co‐filled fillers. The combination of these improved performances makes the co‐filled ALSR composites attractive in the field of electrical and electronic applications.
Processing of biodegradable and multifunctional protein‐based polymer materials for the potential controlled release of zinc and water in horticulture
Authors: Jiménez‐Rosado Mercedes , Perez‐Puyana Víctor , Rubio‐Valle José Fernando , Guerrero Antonio , Romero Alberto
Published: June 2020

Recent high levels of horticulture production cause an impoverishment of soil nutrients that may seriously impair crop yields. This forces farmers to rely on the use of fertilizers. However, it also involves an increase in the contamination risks associated with their supply. A possible alternative to supply these fertilizers could be the use of biodegradable protein‐based matrices, which can contain the essential elements required by the soil. Therefore, the main objective of this work is the evaluation of different alternative methods for the incorporation of a selected micronutrient (MN) zinc (Zn) to soy protein‐based matrices. As a result, it has been possible to incorporate high levels of Zn into the matrices. However, depending on the method used for MN incorporation, there are variations in the microstructure, MN distribution, and mechanical properties. This work brings forward an innovative application of these matrices as a source of controlled release of MN for horticulture applications.
Potenzial von Baumrinde für den Einsatz als Schallabsorptionsmaterial
Authors: Kain Günther , Tudor Eugenia , Dettendorfer Anna , Barbu Marius‐Catalin
Published: June 2020

Baumrinde ist ein natürlich hoch optimiertes Material, das als periphere Grenzschicht eines Baumes diesen vor mannigfaltigen Beschädigungen schützt. Daher weist Baumrinde interessante technologische Eigenschaften wie eine geringe Dichte und gute biologische Beständigkeit auf. In der Holzindustrie fallen große Mengen von Baumrinde in Stückform an, welche nur in geringem Ausmaß stofflich höherwertig veredelt werden. Im Rahmen dieser Untersuchung wurden Dämmplatten aus Lärchenrinde erzeugt und deren innere Struktur mittels Computertomographie untersucht. Der Schallabsorptionskoeffizient von Platten unterschiedlichen Aufbaus wurde mittels Impedanzmessung bestimmt und es wurden die Struktur‐Eigenschaftsbeziehungen untersucht. Es zeigte sich, dass Lärchenrindenplatten als Absorber für Frequenzen über 500 Hz gute Eigenschaften aufweisen und, dass über die Partikelgröße die Frequenz des Schallabsorptionsmaximums beeinflusst werden kann.
Hybrid Modeling and Intensified DoE: An Approach to Accelerate Upstream Process Characterization
Authors: Bayer Benjamin , Striedner Gerald , Duerkop Mark
Published: June 2020

Process characterization is necessary in the biopharmaceutical industry, leading to concepts such as design of experiments (DoE) in combination with process modeling. However, these methods still have shortcomings, including large numbers of required experiments. The concept of intensified design of experiments (iDoE) is proposed, that is, intra‐experimental shifts of critical process parameters (CPP) that combine with hybrid modeling to more rapidly screen a particular design space. To demonstrate these advantages, a comprehensive experimental design of Escherichia coli (E. coli) fed‐batch cultivations (20 L) producing recombinant human superoxide dismutase is presented. The accuracy of hybrid models trained on iDoE and on a fractional‐factorial design is evaluated, without intra‐experimental shifts, to simultaneously predict the biomass concentration and product titer of the full‐factorial design. The hybrid model trained on data from the iDoE describes the biomass and product at each time point for the full‐factorial design with high and adequate accuracy. The fractional‐factorial hybrid model demonstrates inferior accuracy and precision compared to the intensified approach. Moreover, the intensified hybrid model only required one‐third of the data for model training compared to the full‐factorial description, resulting in a reduced experimental effort of >66%. Thus, this combinatorial approach has the potential to accelerate bioprocess characterization.
Comparison of short and long milling flows on yield and physicochemical properties of brans from biofortified and nonbiofortified hull‐less oats
Authors: Acar Oguz , Izydorczyk Marta S. , Kletke Jerry , Atilla Yazici M. , Imamoglu Aydin , Cakmak Ismail , Koksel Hamit
Published: June 2020

Background

The aim of this study was to compare bran yields of short‐ and long‐flow roller mill from biofortified (+) and nonbiofortified (−) hull‐less oats cv. Haskara and determine effect of biofortification (Zn, I, Se) on composition and physicochemical properties of fractions.

Findings

Zn, I, and Se contents were significantly increased by biofortification. Yields of coarse bran (CB) obtained by short flow were 42.6% for both Haskara samples, while those of fine bran (FB) obtained by long flow were 46.6% and 47.4% for Haskara (+) and Haskara (−). Beta‐glucan (BG) contents of CB were 8.42% and 8.31%, while those of FB were 8.68% and 8.65% for respective samples. There were no significant differences between CB of Haskara (+) and Haskara (−) samples in terms of mass median diameter, dispersion, particle density, porosity, BG solubility, and RVA viscosity. The differences between FB of the same samples were also not significant in terms of those parameters. However, long flow significantly increased dispersion, porosity, BG solubility, and RVA viscosity and significantly decreased mass median diameter and bulk density compared to short flow.

Conclusions

Biofortified oats can be used to obtain β‐glucan‐enriched milling fractions.

Significance and novelty

This is the first study on bran fractions obtained by different milling flows from biofortified hull‐less oats.
Bifunctional Intimacy and its Interplay with Metal‐Acid Balance in Shaped Hydroisomerization Catalysts
Authors: Mendes Pedro S. F. , Silva João M. , Ribeiro M. Filipa , Daudin Antoine , Bouchy Christophe
Published: June 2020

The combined impact of platinum location and metal‐acid balance on the catalytic performances of HUSY zeolite alumina‐shaped bifunctional catalysts was evaluated in n‐hexadecane hydroconversion reaction. For well‐balanced catalysts, the deposition of Pt in the alumina resulted in lower isomerization selectivity as compared to when platinum was located in the zeolite. In the latter case, the maximal distance between Pt and acid sites was found to be in the nanometric scale (high intimacy) whereas in the former it was in the micrometric scale (low intimacy), particularly due to the presence of large clusters of HUSY zeolite. Nevertheless, whenever proper balance between functions was not ensured in high‐intimacy catalysts, the low‐intimacy and well‐balanced catalysts were shown to perform better. The requirement for nanometric metal‐acid sites intimacy must be hence combined with an adequate metal‐acid balance to achieve optimal catalytic performance.
Daily light integral requirements of warm‐season turfgrasses for golf course fairways and investigating in situ evaluation methodology
Authors: Russell Travis R. , Karcher Douglas E. , Richardson Michael D.
Published: June 2020

Determining daily light integral (DLI) requirements for turfgrass systems has been an effective method to quantify photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) necessary to maintain quality turfgrass in a research setting. However, there has been little research estimating DLI requirements of popular turfgrass cultivars of zoysiagrass [Zoysia matrella(L.) Merr. andZ. japonicaSteud.], hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers. ×C. transvaalensisBurtt Davy], and common bermudagrass [C. dactylon(L.) Pers.] used for teeing grounds and fairways on golf courses. The objective of this research was to (a) determine minimum DLI requirements of two zoysiagrasses, ‘Cavalier’ (Z. japonica) and ‘Meyer’ (Z. matrella), and two bermudagrasses, common bermudagrass (cultivar unknown) and ‘Astro‐DLM’ hybrid bermudagrass; and (b) investigate methodology in rapidly estimating DLI requirements in situ at area golf courses for the same cultivars. Cultivars were evaluated under 22, 40, 60, and 90% shade in a field research setting over two seasons from August through October 2016 and May through October 2017. Turfgrass quality continued to decline over the 2‐yr trial, emphasizing importance of multi‐year evaluations encompassing cumulative effects of shade on turfgrass. Estimated minimum DLI requirements for turf quality of Astro‐DLM hybrid bermudagrass, common bermudagrass, Cavalier zoysiagrass, and Meyer zoysiagrass were 20.4, 25.9, 15.0, and 21.1 mol m−2d−1, respectively. In situ evaluations at golf course sites accurately estimated DLI requirements for three of four cultivars in comparison to those obtained in field research setting. Established minimum DLI requirements determined for cultivars in this study provide a baseline for site specific turfgrass selection.