bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Counter Terrorist Financing (CTF) regimes in the UK and USA
Authors: Ngcetane-Vika Thelela
Published: May 2022

This paper examines the Anti-Money Laundering (AML) initiatives and Counter Terrorist Financing (CTF) approaches in the United Kingdom (UK) and United States of America (USA). Furthermore, it examines the various regulatory frameworks in the above-mentioned jurisdictions. AML/CTF regulations are very critical for the security of economies and societies because they provide frameworks and guidelines for detecting and combating money laundering and other associated crimes. Some of the significant statutory frameworks are: The Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) in the United States, the USA Patriot Act, the Anti-Money Laundering Directives (AMLDs) in Europe, the Sanctions and Anti-Money Laundering Act (SAMLA) in the United Kingdom, and the Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) and Terrorist Financing Act (PCMLTFA) in Canada are some examples of these laws. The paper used legal methodologies to explicate the phenomenon under investigation. A doctrinal methodology hinges upon analysis of existing case laws, statutes and other primary sources to understand better the legal proposition. The study established that AML and CTF compliance is one of the important outcomes beneficial to combating Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing.Key Words: Money laundering, Terrorist financing, Regulatory frameworks, Compliance
Utjecaj glazbenoga obrazovanja na socijalno-emocionalni razvoj djeteta
Authors: Nikolić Lidija , Ruškan Sanja
Published: May 2022

U radu se iznosi pregled istraživanja učinaka glazbenoga obrazovanja na socijal-no-emocionalni razvoj djece predškolske i rane školske dobi. Na temelju dosadašnjih istra-živanja iznose se spoznaje o prirodi veze između glazbenoga obrazovanja i socijalno-emocionalnoga razvoja. Analiza 15 empirijskih istraživanja pokazala je kako uključenost djece u grupne oblike glazbenoga obrazovanja pozitivno utječe na njihov socijalno-emocionalni razvoj. Međutim različite metodologije provedenih istraživanja otežavaju objašnjavanje rezultata te indukciju zaključaka u odnosu na oblik glazbenoga obrazovanja, kao i na socijalno-emocionalne učinke koji su zabilježeni u pojedinim istraživanjima.
Determinants of Artistic Information Identification of the Olympics Ceremonial Suit
Authors: Mykhailova Tetiana
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the article. To analyze the Olympics ceremonial suit of the XXXII Olympic Games «Tokyo 2020» and to form promising defining features of its artistic and informational identification. The research methodology provides art analysis of the formation, artistic motives, national appeals, general aesthetics and modern trends that are accumulated in the design of the Olympic ceremonial suit of foreign sports teams. The scientific novelty is to study the Olympics ceremonial suit of Tokyo 2020 Olympics and identify promising strategic advertising features of its artistic and informational identification. Conclusions. As a result of the research for further application in the design of the Olympic ceremonial suit promising strategic advertising features of artistic and informational identification are identified, including: 1) Convergence of appeals to the colors of the national flag in the design of the analyzed ceremonial Olympics suits of sports teams; 2) Correspondence of artistic and informational identification of ceremonial suits to the basic principles of the Olympic Games; 3) Eco-friendliness in an Olympics formal suit, which involves not only the use of environmental materials in the design of clothing, but is also aimed to draw attention to the global problem of mankind. Excess raw materials with a long service life and proper technological utilization of light industry waste has become a trigger for increased attention to environmental awareness at all levels of human activity. High fashion dictates the trends for -middle and mass market and is gradually moving to safe textile materials that are biodegradable without contaminating the water with micro-plastic; 4) Vestimentary traditions in the artistic and informational identification of the Olympics ceremonial suit, which allow to see the designer (design studio, company, etc.) as a referent of the sign system of artistic and informational identification of the Olympics ceremonial suit together with athletes and representatives of the delegation, which is also the brand of the country for which the suit is created.
Управління культурним туризмом у регіоні співтовариства розвитку Південної Африки: навчання у найкращих виконавців
Authors: Расетунца Бойтумело
Published: May 2022

Вступ. Туристи перебувають у пошуку справжніх вражень і автентичного досвіду, а саме унікального мистецтва та культури в туристичних напрямках. Зараз політики зосереджують свою увагу на культурному туризмі через його передбачувані зв’язки з економічними перевагами, включаючи зайнятість, можливості для бізнесу й отримання доходів. Мета і методи. Використовуючи приклади Танзанії, Ботсвани, Намібії, Маврикію та Сейшельських островів, дослідження критично аналізує заходи, що застосовуються цими п’ятьма країнами для управління культурним туризмом задля підвищення їхньої глобальної туристичної конкурентоспроможності. Комплексний підхід до всебічного огляду літератури прийнято як метод дослідження для створення достатнього та точного набору даних для отримання достовірних висновків. Результати. Дослідження виявило стратегії, які використовуються в окремих країнах та які можуть бути прийняті іншими країнами регіону для розвитку культурного туризму. Ці стратегії включають створення програм культурного обміну, збереження місцевих культурних практик, інформування місцевої громади щодо важливості культурного туризму, співробітництво з розвитку місцевого та міжнародного культурного туризму і розвиток культурної політики, поміж іншого. Висновки. Наукова праця вибудовує знання, виявляючи деякі стратегії управління культурним туризмом у регіоні Південноафриканського співтовариства розвитку. Дослідження розширює нові знання, порівнюючи відмінності та подібності прийнятих стратегій в окремих країнах, щоб дізнатися про найбільш поширені стратегії управління культурним туризмом та прийняті унікальні стратегії. Крім того, ця робота надає рекомендації, які інші країни Африки, що розвиваються, можуть прийняти для покращення їх управління культурним туризмом. Дослідження передбачає напрямки майбутніх розвідок культурного туризму в регіоні Південноафриканського співтовариства розвитку.
CHILDREN'S EDUCATION ACCORDING TO ABDULLAH NASHIH ULWAN AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN CHILDREN'S EDUCATION IN FAMILY IN RT 02 / RW 012 LUBUK BUAYA KOTO TANGAH
Authors: Aryanti Puspita
Published: May 2022

This research was conducted to describe how the concept of education carried out by parents in one RT in Lubuk Buaya Koto Tangah. Given that in the era of globalization and the rapid development of science and technology now, it turns out that many have positive and negative influences on society both in ways of thinking, acting and behaving, so we need a concept and theory that can be implemented in educating children from an early age. This research was conducted in RT 02 / RW 012 Lubuk Buaya Koto Tangah. The purpose of this study is to describe the education of children according to Abdullah Nashih Ulwan through the development of faith, worship, and morals, and their implementation in the education of children in the family in RT 02 / RW 012 Lubuk Buaya Koto Tangah. The results of this study reveal that: (1) Children's education in the family in RT 02 / RW 012 Lubuk Buaya Koto Tangah by opening the child's life with the sentence Tauhid Lailahaillallah, teaching him halal and haram issues after he is mature (baligh), ordering him to worship when he is old seven years, and educated him to love the Prophet, his family and to read the Qur'an. and introduce and explain to children about the pillars of faith. Apart from that, according to this method, it is also carried out through the pillars of faith and the pillars of Islam. (2) The education of children in the family in RT 02 / RW 012 Lubuk Buaya Koto Tangah is through various methods such as habituation, punishment, advice, attention, and example. In fact, parents have familiarized and taught children to pray on time, invite children to pray to the mosque, fast, teach about Hajj, and zakat and alms. (3) The education of children in the family in RT 02 / RW 012 Lubuk Buaya Koto Tangah is that parents foster their children's morals according to the advice of Abdullah Nashih Ulwan's opinion that in fostering and educating morals using the methods of habituation, example, advice, attention and supervision and punishment . And parents have taught their children about manners, honesty, being trustworthy, generous, independent and responsible.
Pengembangan Community Based Tourism Sebagai Strategi Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat
Authors: Satrio Danang , Sabana Choliq
Published: May 2022

In an effort to develop community-based tourism object Sand Kencana is a breakthrough for the development of tourism in the City of Pekalongan. Aside from being expected to be able to improve the socio-economic life of the surrounding communities, the development can also increase Regional Original Revenues. The aim of the research to be achieved is to know and analyze the potential and attractiveness of the Pasir Kencana Beach Tourism object and to know and analyze the community-based tourism development strategy in the Pasir Kencana Beach Tourism Object. The contribution in this research is that the concept of community-based tourism development is an effective step to make the tourism sector provide optimal economic benefits to the community because the community is directly involved in tourism management. In addition to providing economic benefits to the community, it will also provide education to the public on how to manage tourism objects, as well as how people understand, implement and maintain the sustainability of the Sapta Pesona concept at tourist sites.
Overview of the angiogenic effect of probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus) at human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Authors: ELÇİ Mualla Pınar , FATSA Tuğba , KAYA Sinem , ERSOY Nesli , ALPAY Merve , ÖZGÜRTAŞ Taner
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Angiogenesis (neovascularization), which means new vessel construction, is normal and physiologically, wound healing, embryogenesis, a necessary menstrual cycle it's a mechanism. When taken in appropriate amounts together with or separately with nutrients, mucosal and by regulating systemic immunity, ensuring nutritional and microbial balance in the intestines living nonpatogenic microorganisms that positively affect the health of the host it is called "probiotics". Lactic acid bacteria, the most probiotic microorganisms it constitutes its important group. Where probiotics have an effect on angiogenesis, and it is thought to help heal wounds through the road. With this research indicated that roles of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on angiogenesis if present to demonstrate in vitro methods and the gene expression responsible for the formation of these effects it is intended to reveal.

Material and Method: This study is an experimental study conducted in vitro human umbilical cord vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) MTT test in cell culture with (3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; Thiazolyl blue) evaluation of viability and proliferation wound healing model, tube formation method and gene expression with real rime-polymer chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods of appointment were used.

Results: HUVEC cells L. acidophilus 10⁹ CFU\ml after extract application statistical of mRNA expression of VEGF and FGF genes by control group 24 per hour it was found to increase significantly. L. rhamnosus 10 6 CFU\ml and 109 CFU\ml after application of extracts VEGF gene mRNA by control group 24 per hour its expression was found to be statistically significantly increased. Also L. rhamnosus extracts cell proliferation and migration of in vitro wound model it was found to increase statistically significantly.

Conclusion: In this study, in vitro L. acidophilus 10⁹ CFU\ml extract and 10⁶ CFU\ml and 10⁹ CFU\ml extract of L. rhamnosus, VEGF gene mRNA revealed to be effective on angiogenesis in HUVEC cells by increasing expression it is.
Is hyperlipazemia a poor prognostic factor in patients with COVID-19 ?
Authors: COŞKUN Orhan , ÇAPRAZ Mustafa , CİHANGİROĞLU Mustafa , KAYA Ahmet Turan
Published: May 2022

Introduction: COVID-19 disease may pose a considerable health threat to healthy individuals and individuals with comorbidity. The SARS-CoV-2 virus affects the respiratory tract and may cause damage to the pancreas by binding to the ACE-2 receptor in the pancreas. In our study, we investigated the effects of hyperlipasemia on morbidity and mortality in patients diagnosed with COVID-19.

Material and Method: In this study, 2350 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between November 2020 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Other possible causes of hyperlipasemia were excluded. Hyperlipasemia secondary to COVID-19 was detected in 338 patients. These patients were divided into two groups based on their lipase elevation rates.

Results: Hyperlipasemia was detected in 14.4% of the patients diagnosed with COVID-19, and severe hyperlipasemia (>3x) was detected in 2.3%. The mean age of the patients was 64±13.8 (18-92), of which 59.5% (201) were male. In our study, 24 patients (1%) were diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. When compared according to lipase level, a significant difference was found between the groups regarding the history of HT, CCI score, development of ARF at follow-up, development of ARDS, need for ICU hospitalization, need for intubation, length of stay in ICU, and death rates. A weak correlation was found in the correlation analysis between hyperlipasemia and ARDS development and mortality.

Conclusion: Elevated lipase levels were associated with poor prognosis and mortality in patients with COVID-19 infection.
MR imaging characteristics of Morel-Lavallee lesions in pediatric patients
Authors: KAZCI Ömer , ŞENBİL Düzgün Can , KAYNAK ŞAHAP Seda , UCAN Berna , AYDIN Sonay
Published: May 2022

Aim: Morel-Lavallée syndrome (MLS) is a serious posttraumatic soft tissue injury in which the subcutaneous tissues are separated from the underlying fascia by glove-finger (closed type) peeling and replaced by a cavity filled with hematoma and fat. It is most commonly seen in the trochanter major, but it can also be found in the flank, hip, and lumbodorsal regions. The goal of this study is to define the typical findings of MLS in order to avoid misdiagnosis and delay in patient treatment.

Material and Method: This retrospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. Informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study. Between 2015 and 2021, MR images and clinical follow-ups of 22 pediatric patients with clinical and radiological Morel-Lavallée lesions (MLL) were reviewed retrospectively. All patients were evaluated using 1.5T or 3T power MR devices (Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany).

Results: Of 22 patients diagnosed with MLS, 77% (n=17) were male and 23% (n=5) were female. Patients ranged in age from 7 to 18 years, with a mean of 13.2 years (+/-2,3). The locations of MLL were knee (77%, n=17, 15 patients had anterior knee and 2 patients had posterior knee involvement), hip (14%, n=3) and thigh (9%, n=2) in order of frequency. These lesions all had a similar ovoid shape. The majority of patients (18/22) received solely conservative management but three patients underwent percutaneous drainage.

Conclusion: In our study, the importance of differential diagnosis of MLL from traumatic collections and the importance of MRI findings in diagnosis and treatment were discussed. Accurate diagnosis and treatment of MLL are critical, as the lesion's size may increase as a result of delayed treatment, causing skin necrosis and denervation due to the mass effect.
Impact of patient satisfaction with insulin pens on glycemic control
Authors: KALAN SARI Işılay , DEMİRCİ Hüseyin
Published: May 2022

Aim: Adherence to the insulin regimen is poor. The use of an insulin pen contributes positively to glycemic control by increasing patient satisfaction and adherence. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of patients' opinions of insulin pen use on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Material and Method: 126 patients with T2DM who use insulin and inject it with insulin pens were included in the study. Patients' evaluations about the pens (ergonomics, ease of reading the dosage scale, dose selection, needle change, and ease of use of the insulin pen in general) were assessed. Glycemic parameters, demographic characteristics, and treatment protocol were recorded. Results: Patients who perceived the use of the insulin pen as ergonomically 'excellent’ had a significantly lower HbA1c (8.0±1.4%) (p=0.04). HbA1c was significantly lower in patients who perceived needle tip replacement as ‘very easy’ (8.0±1.6%) (p=0.04). No statistically significant relationship was found between the ease of reading the dosage scale and the HbA1c value (p=0.53). The HbA1c value decreased significantly in patients who rated the dosage selection as 'very easy' (8.1±1.7%) (p=0.02). The HbA1c value increased significantly in patients who rated the pen as ‘difficult’ to use (12.2±1.6%) (p=0.01). Conclusion: In our study, we found that patients' opinions of insulin pen use may influence glycemic control parameters. HbA1c was better in patients who found the insulin pen as easy to use and good in ergonomics. In T2DM, patient assessment of insulin pen injection is related to glycemic control. New studies are needed to say whether this situation is related to the appropriate dose of insulin injection or adherence to therapy.
Evaluation of the alteration in retinal features following bariatric surgery in patients with morbid obesity
Authors: ÇAY Ferhat , SAHIN VURAL Gozde
Published: May 2022

Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of bariatric surgery on the retina and choroid in non-diabetic and non-hypertensive patients with morbid obesity using optic coherence tomography (OCT) retrospectively.

Material and Method: Seventy-four eyes of seventy-four patients who have been underwent sleeve gasterectomy for morbid obesity in Balıkesir University Medicine Faculty & February 2019 and November 2020 were evaluated. All participants has a detailed ophthalmologic examination including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), slit-lamp biomicroscopy, retinal examination through non-dilated pupil via 90 D fundus lens, the retinal thickness (central, perifoveal, and parafoveal superior/nasal/inferior/temporal quadrants), and choroidal thickness through optic coherence tomography (RTVue XR Avanti, Optovue) in immediate preoperative and postoperative sixth-month. All values were compared.

Results: The macular thickness was increased significantly in all quadrants in postoperative visits (p0.05). The correlation between preoperative BMI and preoperative choroidal thickness was significant (R: 0.416, p
Does your sleeping position affect your shoulder pain?
Authors: AYGÜN BİLECİK Nilüfer , BÜYÜKVURAL ŞEN Sıdıka , YAŞA ÖZTÜRK Gülşah
Published: May 2022

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate patients with shoulder pain according to their sleeping positions based on their clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and to determine possible factors affecting shoulder pain.

Material and Method: A total of 115 patients were included in the study. The severity of shoulder pain was evaluated with the visual analog scale (VAS), shoulder function was evaluated with the simple shoulder test, and the ability to perform physical activities was evaluated with the QuickDASH questionnaire. The biceps tendon, rotator cuff (RC), subacromial-subdeltoid bursa, glenohumeral joint (GHJ), and acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) were evaluated using MRI.

Results: Of the patients with shoulder pain, 66.1% were female, 50.4% were primary school graduates, 53.9% were housewives, and 41.7% had a systemic disease. The mean age of the patients was 50.48±13.61 years while the median BMI and VAS values were 26.1 (18.2-41.4) and 8 (2-10), respectively. Considering the sleeping positions, it was found that 39.1% (most common) of the patients were sleeping in the fetus position, and considering the results of patients’ MRI examinations, the most common problem was related to the pathologies of the supraspinatus tendon (42.6%). It was found that sleep quality, which was poor in all patients, was worse in females (p=0.311), in those over 50 years of age (p=0.007), and those with a systemic disease (0.325). It was discovered that Pittsburgh's sleep quality index score was generally worse in those who slept in the soldier position and in the log position (p>0.05). The rates of pathologies of the supraspinatus tendon were found to be the highest in those that slept in the fetus position (p=0.931). It was also found that the rates of impingement, bicipital tendinitis, combined problems, and adhesive capsulitis did not differ significantly according to sleeping positions. Although occupational variables for supraspinatus degeneration remained significant in the model, having a desk job statistically significantly increased the probability of supraspinatus degeneration by 3.38 times when compared to being a housewife (95% CI=1.143-9.996; p=0.028) and it was identified that the probability of acromioclavicular degeneration increased by 1.16 times for every 1-unit increase in BMI.

Conclusion: Different sleeping positions may predispose to different shoulder pathologies and shoulder pain, and shoulder pathologies may lead to deterioration of sleep quality, especially in older patients. For this reason, suggesting correct and appropriate sleeping positions may be a useful treatment method in reducing pain and disability and increasing sleep quality.
Can Saccharomyces boulardii treat and eradicate Helicobacter pylori among children instead of bismuth?
Authors: KEÇELİ BAŞARAN Meryem , ZENGİN Nur Şeyma
Published: May 2022

Aim: The objective of this study is to compare the use of Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) in eradicating Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in children as an alternative to bismuth, which has a limited scope of application due to its side effects.

Material and Method: Included in the study were 220 pediatric patients with symptomatic H. pylori gastritis. The patients were randomized into three treatment groups. Patients who received bismuth or S. boulardii in addition to the standard triple therapy for 14 days were compared with the control group who received only triple therapy.

Results: Analysis of the bismuth, S. boulardii, and control groups’ treatment success showed that the H. pylori eradication rate was highest among study participants who received bismuth (95.2%), followed by patients who received S. boulardii (92.4%). The most frequent side effects were observed in the patient group that received bismuth (17.5%).

Conclusion: Although bismuth continues to be successful in eradicating H. pylori, alternative treatment protocols are necessary because of its side effects and limited use in pediatric patients. S. boulardii can be administered instead when bismuth can not serve as alternative due to its side effects.
Measurement of 0 to 2 age normal eyeball volume by the use of multidetector computed tomography
Authors: KAYA Mustafa , GÜRÜN Enes , AKDULUM İsmail
Published: May 2022

Aim: To diagnose microphthalmia or macrophthalmia, it is necessary to know the normal reference values of the eyeball volumes. However, we do not have a table of normal reference values to evaluate normal eyeball volume at 0-2 years of age. To compensate for this deficiency, we aimed to detect normal eyeball volumes in the age group of 0-2 years with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT).

Material and Method: A total of 90 patients who underwent MDCT with a prior diagnosis of head trauma but without traumatic pathology were included in the study. Patients were divided into age groups of 0-1 months, 2-6 months, 7-12 months, 13-24 months. The mean values of patients in each age group were examined with a 95% confidence interval. The correlation between bilateral eyeball volumes and age was calculated using the Pearson correlation test. The relationship between the age groups and the volume of the eyeball was studied using one-way ANOVA test. The relationship between eyeball volumes and sex was evaluated using the Mann Whitney U test.

Results: Mean eyeball volume was measured as 3.91±0.54 cm3 for 0-1 months, 4.44 ±0.66 cm3 for 2-6 months, 5.81 ±0.68 cm3 for 7-12 months, and 5.83±1.09 cm3 for 13-24 months. A strong positive correlation was observed between eyeball volume and age (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant relationship between eyeball volume and sex (p > 0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed between right eyeball volume and left eyeball volume ( p> 0.05).

Conclusions: The increase in eyeball volume is most rapid in the first year of life. In this study, the reference eyeball volumes were determined in order to properly assess this rapid increase.
Integrity loss of glycosylated hemoglobin with deepening anemia
Authors: AYDIN Bünyamin , GÖNDEREN Aysun
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) has been shown to cause a false increase in glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1c), but how much increase in hemoglobin (Hgb) causes a certain decrease in HBA1c remains unknown. Knowledge of this ratio will enable more accurate clinical diagnosis and follow-up of diabetes. This study aimed to investigate whether IDA causes a decrease in HBA1c and if it does, how much of a decrease it causes.

Material and Method: One hundred and twenty-two patients with IDA made up the study group and sixty-two health volunteers formed the control group. 270 mg ferrous sulphate (=80 mg elemental iron) were administered to the study group each day, orally for 3 months, and a control of age/sex matched healthy participants were monitored. Hgb, serum iron, serum iron binding capacity (SIBC), ferritin and HbA1c levels of all participants were measured and compared at baseline and at the third month of the study.

Results: There was a significant decrease in HbA1c and SIBC levels at baseline and 3 months in the study group (p
Influence of different ligation methods on force and moment generation in a simulated condition of the maxillary crowded anterior dentition with linguo-version and rotation
Authors: Kim Sunmin , Yonemitsu Ikuo , Takemura Hiroshi , Shimoda Kunio , Suga Kazuhiro , Soga Kohei , Ono Takashi , Uo Motohiro
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND: Most orthodontic cases consist of varying degrees of crowding. To manage crowded dentitions, nickel-titanium archwires with various ligation methods are often used. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the effect of different ligation methods with respect to force and moment and suggest the efficient ligation method for treating rotation and displacement simultaneously. METHODS: We built a model that simulated the three anterior teeth of the maxilla. The teeth on the two ends were fixed, and the middle tooth was set in several different positions by manipulating the amount of displacement in bucco-lingual direction and rotation angle. The measurements were taken with three different ligation methods of self-ligation (SL), elastomeric o-ring ligation on both side wings (EB), and on one side wings (EO). RESULTS: The magnitude of linguo-buccal force exceeded the standard optimal force in each condition examined and was significantly larger in EB than in other ligation methods. Moreover, the magnitude of moment generation with SL was suitable in the 0.0 mm linguo-version, whereas it was suitable with EO in the linguo-version ranging 1.0–3.0 mm. CONCLUSIONS: The ligation method significantly affected the force and moment. SL and EO are recommended in dentitions with light and deep lingual displacements, respectively.
Preparation and mechanical properties analysis of porous structure for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Cui Jingbin , Yi Yali , Zhang Jinming , Chai Liping , Jin Herong
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND: With the increasing aging of population, the incidence rate of diseases such as fracture and osteoporosis has been increasing. The demand for implant in Department of orthopedics has increased. The elastic modulus of the existing solid metal implant is much higher than that of human bone tissue, and it is easy to produce stress shielding effect after operation, which causes complications such as loosening of prosthesis and low fusion efficiency. OBJECTIVE: In order to solve the mismatch of elastic modulus between solid metal orthopedic implants and human bone tissue, metal structures with excellent mechanical properties were prepared. METHODS: The porous structure was designed by spatial dot matrix method, and the metal porous structure was prepared based on selective laser melting 3D printing technology. The residual stress in the preparation process was eliminated by vacuum annealing heat treatment, and the static compression experiment was carried out to study the effects of different pore shape and porosity parameters on the compressive yield strength and elastic modulus of porous structure. The performance changes of porous structure before and after heat treatment were compared, and the porous structure meeting the performance requirements of human bone tissue was selected. RESULTS: The porous structure prepared by selective laser melting technology met the requirements of human bone tissue. The elastic modulus was as low as 0.74 GPa and the compressive yield strength is 201.91 MPa; After annealing heat treatment, the compressive yield strength of porous structure decreased, the maximum change was 3.69%, the elastic modulus increased, and the maximum change was 8.69%. CONCLUSIONS: For the porous structure with the same pore shape, the lower the porosity, the better the mechanical properties of the porous structure. For the same porosity, the comprehensive mechanical properties of dodecahedral porous structure were the best and octahedral porous structure was the worst; the porous structure after annealing heat treatment was more conducive to meet the performance requirements of human bone tissue.
Central sensitization and functioning in patients with chronic low back pain: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study
Authors: Ansuategui Echeita Jone , Schiphorst Preuper Henrica R. , Dekker Rienk , Reneman Michiel F.
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND: Central sensitization (CS) is present in a subgroup of patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Studies on the relationship between CS and functioning have limited operationalizations of CS and functioning. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether CS was related to functioning in patients with CLBP (cross-sectional); and to determine whether changes in CS were related to changes in functioning (longitudinal). METHODS: An observational prospective cohort study with data collected at baseline and discharge of an interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation program was executed. CS indicators: CS Inventory part A (CSI-A), quantitative sensory testing (QST), root mean square of successive differences of heart-rate variability (RMSSD). Functioning measures: lifting capacity, physical functioning subscale of Rand36 (Rand36-PF), Work Ability Score (WAS), Pain Disability Index (PDI). Main analyses included correlation and multiple regression controlling for confounders; cross-sectional with baseline data and longitudinal with deltas (Δ). RESULTS: 76 patients with primary CLBP participated at baseline and 56 at discharge. Most associations were weak (cross-sectional r𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙=-0.30–0.24; longitudinal r𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙=-0.37–0.44). Cross-sectional multiple regression significant associations: mechanical pain threshold-QST and lifting capacity (r𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙=-0.39), parasympathetic/vagal tone-RMSSD and physical functioning–Rand36-PF (r𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙= 0.26). Longitudinal multiple regression significant associations: Δ parasympathetic/vagal tone-RMSSD and Δ lifting capacity (r𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙= 0.48), ΔCSI-A and Δdisability-PDI (r𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙= 0.36). Cross-sectional and longitudinal final regression models explained 24.0%–58.3% and 13.3%–38.0% of total variance. CONCLUSION: CS was weakly related to functioning, and decreases in CS were weakly-moderately related to increases in functioning.
How to conduct a focus group interview: Tips, strategies, and examples for novice researchers
Authors: Fusch Patricia , Fusch Gene E. , Hall Janie A. , Walker Nancy A. , Booker Janet M.
Published: May 2022

The focus group interview is a strategy that researchers use across all disciplines from marketing to education and cultural studies. Facilitating a focus group interview is challenging even for experienced researchers. This paper shares the authors’ perspectives on the focus group interview with arguments from the literature along with practical applications. The authors use examples from several of their research studies to discuss a scholarly yet practical approach to plan, conduct, and analyze successful focus groups for the intended audience of doctoral students. In addition to suggestions for facilitating data collection and data analysis for the focus group interview, this paper includes strategies to select the participants, ensure participants show up, engage all the focus group participants, address powerful or authoritative personalities, enhance the synergy of the group, and reach consensus.
Transcending the colonial worldview to establish a research paradigm through an African lens: Analysis of research modules in archives
Authors: Ngoepe Mpho , Jacobs Lorette , Geyer Elizabeth
Published: May 2022

Since the emergence of postcolonialism, there has been a call for epistemic decolonisation in the African scientific community. Paradigmatic backgrounds are key to defining belief systems that guide research investigations – not only in choice of approach, but also in the contextualisation and execution of research designs. Researchers’ limited understanding of these philosophical backgrounds and the way in which they can transcend towards decolonised research, inhibits researchers’ exploration of the deeper meaning of and commitment to research in the postcolonial context. This paper aims at contextualising the decolonisation of Eurocentric paradigms towards the transcendence of a new worldview that is relevant and unique to the African context. This is done through the analysis of two research methodology modules in Archival Science at an open distance e-learning institution. The genesis of postcolonial research, which lies in replacing dominant “truths” with marginalised “truths”, aims at rearticulating power, change and knowledge through a multiplicity of epistemologies, ontologies, and axiologies. By applying a postcolonial research paradigm, research can be used as a way of expanding knowledge and creating new knowledge as a starting point of epistemic decolonisation. This article contributes to the dismantling of the old order of research paradigms by exploring the transcendence of existing research paradigms and suggesting a research paradigm that provides a lens through which the postcolonial African scholar can conduct the search for truth in the field of Archival Science. However, it should be noted that, even in critical emancipation, there will still be elitism.
Effects of drought-tolerant grapevine rootstocks on the mineral contents and fatty acid compositions of grape seeds
Authors: Odabaşioğlu Mehmet İlhan , Gürsöz Sadettin
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND:

As the interest in foods with positive effects on human health has increased in recent decades, the importance of the mineral contents and oil compositions of grape seeds has been better understood. However, research on grape seeds to date has largely focused on effects on health and the usability of grape seeds in the food industry and animal feeds. In agricultural research, grape seeds have generally been evaluated as a source of genes in breeding new varieties and as propagation material.

OBJECTIVE:

Unlike previous studies, this study not only investigates the effect of variety on the changes of pomological properties, fatty acid compositions, and oil, protein, and mineral contents of grape seeds; it also aims to determine the effects of grape rootstocks and growing seasons on those changes.

METHODS:

The seeds of five grape varieties (Red Globe, Trakya Ilkeren, Ata Sarisi, Hatun Parmagi, and Horoz Karasi) grafted onto drought-tolerant grape rootstocks (1103P and 110R) were analyzed during the growing seasons of 2017 and 2018.

RESULTS:

Seed size, moisture and oil contents, major fatty acids (palmitic, oleic, and linoleic), and levels of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and boron varied by variety, rootstock, and season. However, the effects of growing seasons and varieties on the seeds were not limited to these findings; effects were also seen for seed vitality, protein content, and N, K, Ca, and Fe levels of the seeds, among others.

CONCLUSIONS:

Genotype was found to be the main factor causing changes in the fatty acid compositions and mineral contents of grape seeds. When the factors that we investigated were ordered based on the changes they caused for seeds in general, the sequence that appeared was genotype > growing season > grape rootstock.
State-Constraint Transition: A Language for the Formal Specification of Dynamic Cyber-System Requirements
Authors: Salinesi Camille , Achtaich Asmaa , Souissi Nissrine , Mazo Raúl , Roudies Ounsa , Villota Angela
Published: May 2022

Existing formal languages for the specification of self-adaptive cyber-physical systems focus on re-configuring the system-to-be depending on its current context, to satisfy the user’s requirements, that is by dynamically composing the software’s structure and behavior. While these approaches specify context-sensitive requirements, they rarely consider their run-time dynamic and scalable nature. The State-Constraint Transition (SCT) modeling language, introduced in this paper, provides an answer to the problems linked to the specification of dynamic requirements by introducing the concept of configuration states, in which requirements are translated into constraints. The expressiveness of existing approaches is thus extended, combining the ease of use of well-established notations, notably those based on characteristics, and those based on Finite-state Machines (FSM), with the computational power and expressiveness of the constraint programming approach. The paper briefly presents the results of the preliminary evaluation, which assesses the expressiveness, scalability, and domain independence of the SCT language.
Small area estimation of food insecurity prevalence for the state of uttar pradesh in India
Authors: Chandra Hukum , Verma Bhanu
Published: May 2022

The 2nd Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of the United Nations attempt to eliminate the potential hunger and food insecurity issues by 2030, but in the plight of COVID19 pandemic it has become far more critical and persistent issue globally as well as in India. The nation-wide socio-economic surveys of National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) in India are designed to produce reliable and representative estimates of important food insecurity parameters at state and national level for both rural and urban sectors separately but these surveys cannot be used directly to generate reliable district level estimates. Whereas, efficient and representative disaggregated level estimates for the extent (or incidence) of food insecurity prevalence has direct impact on strategizing effective policy plans and monitoring progress towards eliminating food insecurity. In this backdrop, the paper outlines small area estimation approach to estimate the incidence of food insecurity across the districts of rural Uttar Pradesh in India by linking data from the 2011–12 Household Consumer Expenditure Survey of NSSO, and the 2011 Indian Population Census. A spatial map has been generated showing spatial disparity for the incidence of food insecurity in Uttar Pradesh. These disaggregated level estimates are relevant and purposeful for SDG indicator 2.1.2 – severity of food insecurity. The estimates and map of food insecurity incidences are expected to deliver invaluable information to the policy-analysts and decision-makers.
Optimizing iron supplementation by monitoring serum ferritin levels in premature infants
Authors: Lamport L. , Schanler R. , Weinberger B.
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND: Iron (Fe) is essential for growth, but optimal intake is controversial. Our NICU practice was to supplement 2 mg/kg/d Fe for all preterm infants receiving human milk when they achieved full feeding volume. Adjusting Fe supplementation based on ferritin levels is thought to better address physiologic requirements. Our objective was to assess the impact of therapeutic monitoring of ferritin levels on the initiation and dosing of iron supplementation, hematocrit, transfusions, and oxygen radical diseases in preterm infants. METHODS: Preterm infants (< 32 weeks gestation, n = 100) were included. Ferritin was measured when full feeds were achieved, and then every 2 weeks. Fe was started at 2 mg/kg/d or continued at current dose for ferritin 40–300μg/L, increased by 1–2 mg/kg/d for < 40μg/L, or discontinued for > 300μg/L. Outcomes were compared with a historical control group. RESULTS: Ferritin levels were not predictable by dietary or transfusion histories. Using the ferritin protocol, 70% of infants received Fe at the time of full feeds, compared to 100% of controls. In contrast, all infants received Fe 4 weeks later, compared to 87% of controls. Mean age at Fe initiation increased (14.8±6.3 to 21.0±11.76 days). Peak doses were higher, with 32% receiving > 2 mg/kg day by 6 weeks, with fewer transfusions. The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and necrotizing enterocolitis did not change. CONCLUSION: An iron protocol based on ferritin levels results in later initiation, higher doses, and fewer transfusions, without increasing oxygen radical diseases.
A vasoactive inotropic score predicts the severity of compromised systemic circulation and mortality in preterm infants
Authors: Amer R. , Seshia M.M. , Elsayed Y.N.
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE: To validate the vasoactive inotropic score as a predictor of the severity of compromised systemic circulation and mortality in preterm infants. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on preterm infants with Compromised systemic circulation [hypotension±lactic acidosis±oliguria] who received a cardiovascular support, we calculated the vasoactive inotropic score (VIS) and cumulative exposure to cardiovascular medications over time (VISct). Receiver operator curve was constructed to predict the primary outcome which was death & refractory hypotension. RESULTS: VIS had an area under the curve of 0.73 (95% CI 0.85–0.98, p < 0.001). A VIS cut off of 25 has sensitivity and specificity of 66% and 92%, and positive and negative predictive values of 78.5% and 83%, respectively. CONCLUSION: High VIS predicts the severity of Compromised systemic circulation and mortality rate in preterm infants.
Standards as the backbone for official statistics, how well do they fit within national and international systems?12 or Does the obsession with cross-national comparisons blind us to the weakly implemented standards behind them?
Authors: Everaers Pieter
Published: May 2022

Standards, guidelines, and recommendations3 in statistics are undoubtedly important building blocks of modern global official statistics. They are main achievements of the harmonization work of the global community of official statisticians and are the backbone of the system, essential for maintaining high quality by using well-developed and documented methodologies and procedures, and for facilitating cross-national and cross-regional comparison of scores on indicators and trends. However, beyond such positive assessed achievements, the development, implementation, and use of ‘standards’ can also be characterized by a variety of negatively assessed characteristics. For example, in the development of standards, not every situation of a country or region can be or is sufficiently weighted or involved, countries and regions lack resources for full implementation, and the use of the standards according to the ‘required operational level’ is insufficient or the ‘standards’ do not fit the socio-economic, cultural, or political situation in a country resulting in a non-valid picture and unfit for use in policymaking. Therefore, though the ‘standards’ are the backbone of modern official statistics it is valid to question if the frequent use of cross-national comparisons unequally dismisses the cultural specificities of a country or region. It is also relevant to ask if the standards that are used to produce the indicators for cross-national comparisons are sufficiently implemented to allow for valid comparisons. And in general, one might question if there is a misfit between the emphasis on and practice of cross-national comparisons by international organizations and the attention to the level and awareness of the implementation of the standards used to produce the indicators on the country level.
Statistical and Data Literacy, a practitioner’s view for policy-making: How to provide independent, objective and authoritative data and information for policy-making
Authors: Sabbati Giulio
Published: May 2022

Data literacy is the ability to search, read, understand, create and communicate with data; to ask the right questions about the data; to know what can or cannot be said; to explain a story, or better, provide insights with data, in the form of infographics or other visually appealing elements. The respective knowledge profile can be referred to as that of a data scientist. Within policy-making a key question is what role the data scientist, working with or for policy-makers, should play. Moreover, the skills and capabilities they should master are crucial to understanding, for instance, what type of information policy-makers need, or what is the right format to communicate data and statistics to them. Likewise, for policy-makers it is important to recognise the skills needed to understand the messages deriving from data, and how data scientists can help them to understand such data. This article gives a practitioner’s view on data literacy for policy-making. It highlights the steps that a data scientist follows to communicate insights from data and statistics in the form of data visualisation and infographics. It looks at the tasks performed by a data scientist when preparing such papers. The ability to undertake such tasks can be regarded as essential skills or know-how to help those who cannot work effectively with data.
Feasibility of nowcasting SDG indicators: A comprehensive survey
Authors: Hopp Daniel , Fu Emily , Peltola Anu
Published: May 2022

The 2030 Agenda and accompanying Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are vital in guiding national and global policy. However, many of the SDG indicators used to measure progress toward those goals suffer from long publication lags. Nowcasting has the potential to address this problem and generate more timely estimates of those indicators. This paper provides resources for achieving that potential by 1) carrying out a comprehensive nowcasting feasibility survey of all SDG indicators to assess their potential to be nowcast, and 2) performing a case study of indicator 9.4.1 to illustrate and shed light on the process of performing a nowcasting exercise. There exist 231 SDG indicators, but due to only examining Tier 1 indicators and the fact that many indicators have multiple sub-indicators, 362 indicators and sub-indicators were eventually surveyed. Of those 362, 150 were found highly likely to be suitable candidates for nowcasting, 87 were found to be likely, and 125 were found to be unsuitable.