bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating nonbelief: Translation, cultural adaptation, and statistical validation of the Nonreligious-Nonspiritual Scale in a nationwide Greek sample
Authors: Polemikou Anna , Zartaloudi Eirini , Polemikos Nikitas
Published: October 2019

Nonbelievers represent an understudied population in Greece. This investigation reports on the translation, cultural adaptation, and initial validation of the Nonreligious-Nonspiritual Scale (NRNSS), a measure designed to assess nonbelief. Data from 1754 participants were collected to examine the psychometric properties of the Greek version of the instrument and to assess the nationwide interpretability of the measure. Factor analyses suggested that the 16-item scale retained its bifactor model. Convergent validity was supported through associations with additional measures, namely, the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) and the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), which were used as reference criteria. Potential utility of the measure and future directions for ongoing development are discussed.
The Effect of Nasal Septal Deviation on the Postoperative Hearing Results of Patients With Tympanosclerosis
Authors: Mutlu Fatih , Cırık Adnan Ahmet
Published: October 2019

Objective:

The main aim is to discuss the effect of nasal septal deviation on the postoperative hearing results of patients with tympanosclerosis.

Material and Methods:

We analyzed the hearing results of patients with tympanosclerosis who were operated on in a tertiary center. Pure tone audiometric results were compared according to the existence of nasal septal deviation.

Results:

This study included 48 patients with unilateral tympanosclerosis disease. Moderate or severe septal deviation had no significant effect on postoperative hearing results.

Conclusion:

The nasal septal deviation as the only pathologic factor in patients with tympanosclerosis did not have a deteriorating effect after surgery.
Jealousy behaviors in early childhood: Associations with attachment and temperament
Authors: Murphy Tia Panfile , McCurdy Kelsey , Jehl Brianna , Rowan Megan , Larrimore Kelsey
Published: October 2019

The current study examined the associations that children’s attachment and temperament share with individual differences in jealousy behaviors in early childhood. Previous research has found that secure children display fewer jealousy behaviors than their insecure counterparts, while other research has demonstrated that children with greater activity level and distress to limitations exhibit more jealousy behaviors and affect. In the present study of 83 mother–child dyads ( M age = 56.92 months), mothers reported their child’s attachment security and temperament, and children’s behaviors following jealousy-evoking events were observed. The results revealed that as security increased, children were less likely to exhibit externalizing jealousy behaviors, but temperament did not predict jealousy behaviors. These findings support the notion that attachment security is more related than temperament to this aspect of socioemotional development.
Exploring cultural meanings of adaptive and maladaptive behaviors in children and adolescents: A contextual-developmental perspective
Authors: Chen Xinyin
Published: October 2019

In this article, I discuss major theoretical and methodological issues in the study of cultural meanings of children’s behaviors. Research in this area is conducted mainly through assessing individual beliefs using hypothetical vignettes or other self-report methods. I argue that it is important to investigate functional meanings of children’s behaviors from a contextual-developmental perspective, which emphasizes the role of social and developmental processes in mediating links between culture and behaviors. Information about the relevance of behaviors to social interactions and relationships and to the development of adjustment outcomes in different cultures helps us understand the nature of the behaviors beyond individual views. Such understanding is crucial for interpreting cross-cultural differences and similarities in the display of adaptive and maladaptive behaviors.
Caffeine improves text reading and global perception
Authors: Franceschini Sandro , Lulli Matteo , Bertoni Sara , Gori Simone , Angrilli Alessandro , Mancarella Martina , Puccio Giovanna , Facoetti Andrea
Published: October 2019

Background:

Reading is a unique human skill. Several brain networks involved in this complex skill mainly involve the left hemisphere language areas. Nevertheless, nonlinguistic networks found in the right hemisphere also seem to be involved in sentence and text reading. These areas do not deal with phonological information, but are involved in verbal and nonverbal pattern information processing. The right hemisphere is responsible for global processing of a scene, which is needed for developing reading skills.

Aims:

Caffeine seems to affect global pattern processing specifically. Consequently, our aim was to discover if it could enhance text reading skill.

Methods:

In two mechanistic studies ( n=24 and n=53), we tested several reading skills, global and local perception, alerting, spatial attention and executive functions, as well as rapid automatised naming and phonological memory, using a double-blind, within-subjects, repeated-measures design in typical young adult readers.

Results:

A single dose of 200 mg caffeine improved global processing, without any effect on local information processing, alerting, spatial attention and executive or phonological functions. This improvement in global processing was accompanied by faster text reading speed of meaningful sentences, whereas single word/pseudoword or pseudoword text reading abilities were not affected. These effects of caffeine on reading ability were enhanced by mild sleep deprivation.

Conclusions:

These findings show that a small quantity of caffeine could improve global processing and text reading skills in adults.
The Story Only Few Can Tell: Exploring the Disproportionately Gendered Professoriate in Business Schools
Authors: Krishen Anjala S. , Lee Michael T. , Raschke Robyn L.
Published: October 2019

In American business schools, the higher the position, the lower the female representation, especially when including additional intersections of identity such as race, sexual orientation, and ethnicity. Our article aims to supplement existing research regarding gender bias and underrepresentation in academia, particularly in business schools. Such research can uncover faculty gender issues, work toward mitigating the existing biases related to diversity and inclusion, and bring a needed voice and discussion for the purpose of moving toward solutions. To build our hypotheses, we provide a literature review regarding academic satisfaction, perceived performance weight–teaching and perceived performance weight–service differences between genders, and gender issues with the academic pipeline to full professor. Next, we utilize data collected from a sample of n = 696 academics from American business schools and find that women faculty have significantly lower academic satisfaction throughout all ranks and institutions. Our results further indicate that there are differences in perceived performance weight–teaching and perceived performance weight–service between female and male academics at the ranks of assistant and full professors at various types of institutions. Last, we offer conclusions and implications, limitations, and future research suggestions that include studies regarding intersectional faculty, academic mobbing and bullying, incivility, and academic satisfaction.
What Is Our Purpose Here? Network Relationships and Goal Congruence in a Goal-Directed Network
Authors: Lemaire Robin H.
Published: October 2019

“Whole” goal-directed networks are inherently full of conflict and tensions, but a certain level of agreement about network-level goals is important for goal-directed service delivery networks. This work examines goal congruency in a large, heterogeneous child and youth health and well-being network. By drawing on the dimensions of social capital to categorize types of network relationships, the tie portfolios that are associated with perceived goal congruence between network and organizational member goals are examined. Using crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis (cs-QCA), the results indicate that the perception of goal congruence is present when organizations have a high number of linking ties or a strong tie to network management staff combined with a high number of bridging ties. Implications are discussed for network governance and management, focusing especially on the types of relationships among network members that may need to be facilitated to support goal congruence, and thus, effective network functioning.
Predictors of Change of Working Alliance Over the Course of Probation Supervision: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Sturm Annelies , Menger Anneke , de Vogel Vivienne , Huibers Marcus J. H.
Published: October 2019

The body of evidence that the working alliance is associated with positive outcomes for mandated clients is growing. The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of several characteristics of probation officers (POs) and offenders on the course of the working alliance during probation supervision. This study examined the patterns on the four alliance subscales: Trust, Bond, Goals-Restrictions, and Reactance of the Working Alliance With Mandated Clients Inventory (WAMCI) in 201 offenders and their 137 POs. Three patterns on each alliance subscale were found: deteriorating, improving, and stable. Multinomial logistic analysis revealed that change of POs and the preference of the PO to maintain rules were associated with a deteriorating Trust pattern. From the perspective of the offenders, being motivated to take part in supervision was associated with a stable pattern on every alliance subscale, but having problems with substance use increased the likelihood of a deteriorating pattern on every alliance subscale.
The Italian Version of the State-Trait Cheerfulness Inventory Trait Form: Psychometric Validation and Evaluation of Measurement Invariance
Authors: Lau Chloe , Chiesi Francesca , Hofmann Jennifer , Ruch Willibald , Saklofske Donald H.
Published: October 2019

The State-Trait Cheerfulness Inventory–Trait Version (STCI-T60) measures the temperamental basis of sense of humor involving theoretically derived personality dispositions of cheerfulness, seriousness, and bad mood. The reliability and validity of the newly developed STCI-T60 Italian version were assessed in a sample of Italian speakers ( N = 683). Proper fit for a three-dimensional factor structure observed in previous studies was replicated and each factor demonstrated acceptable internal consistency and test–retest reliability. The associations between the STCI subscales and major personality dimensions, optimism, resilience, stress, and general well-being were further examined and results were in the expected directions (e.g., cheerfulness and bad mood being positively and negatively associated with well-being variables, respectively). Cross-cultural invariance examination was conducted to provide more validity data for the Italian STCI. Metric invariance was found between Italian and Canadian English speakers ( N = 632), but scalar invariance was not shown.
Additive Interactions Between School Bullying Victimization and Gender on Weapon Carrying Among U.S. High School Students: Youth Risk Behavior Survey 2009 to 2015
Authors: Pontes Nancy M. H. , Pontes Manuel
Published: October 2019

The recent increase in the number of school shootings in the United States is a great concern. Consistent with General Strain Theory, previous research suggests that high school students who perpetrate gun violence have often experienced bullying victimization. This research investigated the interaction between gender and school bullying victimization on gun carrying, weapon carrying, and weapon carrying at school. Estimates of additive interaction were reported as recommended by the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines and compared with the estimates of multiplicative interaction. Data were used from a nationally representative survey of 61,042 U.S. high school students. Secondary analysis of pooled cross-sectional data from the 2009, 2011, 2013, and 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey was done, using R to estimate interactive effects on an additive scale between male gender and school bullying victimization on weapon carrying. A significant association was found between school bullying victimization, and gun and weapon carrying. Estimates of additive interaction show that the relationship between school bullying victimization and gun or weapon carrying is significantly greater among males than females as predicted by General Strain Theory. School bullying victimization increases the rate of gun and weapon carrying among all students, and especially among male students. Most mass school shooters are male and most of them experience some form of bullying victimization. Consequently, bullying prevention is likely to be important in a national effort to reduce gun and weapon violence in U.S. schools. This research also illustrates why estimates of adjusted risk differences and additive interactions should be reported for interpersonal violence research.
The Differing Roles of Cognitive Empathy and Affective Empathy in the Relationship Between Trait Anger and Aggressive Behavior: A Chinese College Students Survey
Authors: Jiang Qi , Yang Ya-ting , Liu Chun-li , Yuan Jia-wen
Published: October 2019

Empathy is essential for effective social interaction. People often express the belief that empathy is closely related to aggressive behavior, but empirical data has challenged this assumption. However, there is a lack of research that focuses on the role of empathy in the relationship between trait anger and aggressive behavior. The current research focuses on the roles that different components of empathy have performed in the combinations of trait anger-hostile cognition-aggressive behavior link and attempt to identify, with reference to Integrated Model of Emotion Processes and Cognition in Social Information Processing, at which step this may occur. Participants included 663 undergraduate students who completed self-report measures of Trait Anger Scale, Aggressive Behavior Questionnaire, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, and the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire. Results from correlation analysis show that there is no significant correlation between cognitive empathy and aggressive behavior ( r = −.06) but do however suggest a significant correlation between affective empathy and aggressive behavior ( r = −.19). Results from structural equation modeling reveal that different components of empathy perform different roles in relation to aggressive behavior. The moderated mediating model analysis results show that cognitive empathy played a moderating role in both the direct effect and the first stage of the mediating model of trait anger-hostile cognition-aggression behavior. The results of multiple mediation model analysis demonstrate that affective empathy only played a partial mediating role between hostile cognition and aggressive behavior. This study contributes to understanding of Social Information Processing Models (SIPMs) and provides insight into the relationship between empathy and aggressive behavior.
“Being Married Doesn’t Mean You Have to Reach the End of the World”: Safety Planning With Intimate Partner Violence Survivors and Service Providers in Three Urban Informal Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Wood Shannon N. , Kennedy S. Rachel , Hameeduddin Zaynab , Asira Ben , Tallam Catherine , Akumu Irene , Wanjiru Irene , Glass Nancy , Decker Michele R.
Published: October 2019

Intimate partner violence (IPV) harms women physically, sexually, and psychologically. Safety strategies, or harm reduction techniques implemented by women undergoing recurrent violence, may help mitigate the negative health, economic, and social consequences of IPV. This study aimed to understand recommended and utilized safety strategies among three urban informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. Semi-structured key informant discussions (KIDs; n = 18) with community-based service providers and focus group discussions (FGDs; n = 49) with IPV survivors were conducted. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and translated verbatim from Swahili to English. Inductive thematic analysis was used to structure codes. Convergence matrices were used to analyze emergent strategies by data source (service providers vs. IPV survivors). Women preferred safety strategies that they could implement unassisted as first line of harm reduction. Strategies included removing stressors, proactive communication, avoidance behaviors, sexual and reproductive health (SRH), economic, leaving partner for safety, child safety, and securing personal property. Strategies recommended by service providers and utilized by IPV survivors differed, with clear divergence indicated for leaving the abusive relationship, SRH, and personal property strategies. Innovative strategies emerged from IPV survivors for safeguarding property. Similar to upper-income and other low and middle-income contexts, women experiencing IPV in urban informal settlements of Nairobi actively engage in behaviors to maximize safety and reduce harm to themselves and their families. Integration of strategies known to be helpful to women in these communities into community-based prevention and response is strongly encouraged. Increased synergy between recommended and implemented safety strategies can enhance programming and response efforts.
Particle emission of organic brake pad material: A review
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Ghosh Subrata Kumar
Published: October 2019

Wear of a brake pad emits airborne particles and is a major environmental issue. This review paper deals with the analysis of different brake pad composite materials and their wear phenomenon. The volume fraction and size distribution of non-asbestos organic airborne particles emitted from the brake pad material with time, load and speed have also been discussed under different braking conditions. The airborne particles are measured by different aerosol instruments. TSI P-Trak, GRIMM aerosol spectrometer and scanning mobility particle sizer were used by different researchers for measuring ultrafine particles, micron-sized particles and aerodynamic nanoparticles, respectively. This paper shows that the wear particles emitted from the brake pad material vary in diameter between 10 nm and 10 μm under various loads and sliding velocities. These airborne particles such as coarse fine (diameters > 1 μm), fine (diameters between 100 nm and 1 μm) and ultrafine (diameters < 100 nm) particles are responsible for health hazards to the human respiratory system. This study has accumulated the data of different ingredients of the brake pad with airborne particle emission from various studies, which may be helpful for the evolution of new composite materials in the near future.
Catheter steering in interventional cardiology: Mechanical analysis and novel solution
Authors: Ali Awaz , Sakes Aimee , Arkenbout Ewout A , Henselmans Paul , van Starkenburg Remi , Szili-Torok Tamas , Breedveld Paul
Published: October 2019

In recent years, steerable catheters have been developed to combat the effects of the dynamic cardiac environment. Mechanically actuated steerable catheters appear the most in the clinical setting; however, they are bound to a number of mechanical limitations. The aim of this research is to gain insight in these limitations and use this information to develop a new prototype of a catheter with increased steerability. The main limitations in mechanically steerable catheters are identified and analysed, after which requirements and solutions are defined to design a multi-steerable catheter. Finally, a prototype is built and a proof-of-concept test is carried out to analyse the steering functions. The mechanical analysis results in the identification of five limitations: (1) low torsion, (2) shaft shortening, (3) high unpredictable friction, (4) coupled tip-shaft movements, and (5) complex cardiac environment. Solutions are found to each of the limitations and result in the design of a novel multi-steerable catheter with four degrees of freedom. A prototype is developed which allows the dual-segmented tip to be steered over multiple planes and in multiple directions, allowing a range of complex motions including S-shaped curves and circular movements. A detailed analysis of limitations underlying mechanically steerable catheters has led to a new design for a multi-steerable catheter for complex cardiac interventions. The four integrated degrees of freedom provide a high variability of tip directions, and repetition of the bending angle is relatively simple and reliable. The ability to steer inside the heart with a variety of complex shaped curves may potentially change conventional approaches in interventional cardiology towards more patient-specific and lower complexity procedures. Future directions are headed towards further design optimizations and the experimental validation of the prototype.
Slogans with Chinese characteristics: The political functions of a discourse form
Authors: Song Jianlin , Gee James Paul
Published: October 2019

This article investigates a distinctive linguistic device – slogans – in the discursive ecology of the history, culture and politics of China. We are interested in how a given language device, one that might seem trivial, can carry out different distinctive and important functions in particular cases. Slogans in China are an important way to carry out a function that all states must engage with: to encourage and teach people to see themselves as ‘co-citizens’ in the state. At the same, this function also and always links to important ideological goals and intersects with the state as a source of coercive power. This article is a first step in a larger project to study the discursive tools used, in different ways in different societies, to accomplish the civic and ideological goals of states. So, China here is a case study, an important one to start with, given the significance of modern China in the global world today.
East Asian Cat or African Cat: Which One Is the Better Mouse Catcher?
Authors: Yusuf Shahid
Published: October 2019

Growth led by the export of manufactures has long served as the workhorse model for developing countries. East Asian countries that successfully adopted this strategy rapidly created an industrial base through dint of domestic investment aided by inflows of foreign capital and exploited the opportunities to trade that arose as tariff barriers and transport costs fell starting in the 1960s. Since the turn of the century, an African challenger, Ethiopia, claims to have found an alternative pathway to rapid growth that is led by agriculture and by investment in infrastructure bankrolled by financial assistance from overseas, with exports playing a negligible role. However, a comparison with Vietnam, a closely matched competitor from East Asia, shows that while Ethiopia may have achieved a high GDP growth rate, it lags far behind Vietnam, as is apparent from a host of economic and social indicators. Vietnam’s experience relative to Ethiopia’s suggests that as yet there is no viable alternative to East Asian-style export-led growth with manufacturing as the driver. The search for alternatives must continue.
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the pancreas in a dog
Authors: Romanucci Mariarita , Defourny Sabrina V. P. , Massimini Marcella , Bongiovanni Laura , Aste Giovanni , Vignoli Massimo , Febo Elettra , Boari Andrea , Della Salda Leonardo
Published: October 2019

A large, ill-defined, firm, multinodular mass involving the pancreas was confirmed on postmortem examination of a 5-y-old, male Rottweiler that died following acute respiratory distress syndrome, after a period of anorexia and lethargy. Histologically, the mass consisted of plump spindle cells admixed with a variable number of macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and neutrophils. Foci of coagulative necrosis and hemorrhage were also observed. Spindle cells strongly reacted to antibodies against vimentin, α–smooth muscle actin, and calponin, whereas desmin was expressed only mildly and focally. Pan-cytokeratin, KIT, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and S100 protein were nonreactive. Variable numbers of MAC 387–positive cells, CD3+ lymphocytes, and numerous blood vessels were also detected throughout the mass. Histologic and IHC findings were consistent with a diagnosis of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the pancreas.
A computational study on vascular damage caused by shape memory alloy self-expandable and balloon-expandable stents in a stenosed artery
Authors: Rouhani Fatemeh , Fereidoonnezhad Behrooz , Zakerzadeh Mohammad Reza , Baghani Mostafa
Published: October 2019

Atherosclerosis is one of the major types of cardiovascular diseases. Stent deployment into the stenosed artery is the most common treatment for atherosclerosis. Two common stent models based on two different expansion principles are balloon-expandable and self-expandable stents. Depending on the modality of the expansion, the material used for these two stents varies. Despite the extensive progress made in the field of stent construction, plaque fragmentation and in-stent restenosis are two of the problems that still cause complications in stenting. Computational modeling and finite element method help us predict the damage effects to the artery and plaque in the stenting process. In this article, we simulate the insertion of two stents (the stainless steel stent and the shape memory alloy stent) in a diseased artery with real geometry. Results are compared to account for the effects of these stents on the artery, especially, the maximum stress in the plaque and arterial layers and surgically induced damage as the main cause of plaque fracture during the stent deployment and in-stent restenosis. It is found that arising from superelasticity, the shape memory alloy stent induces less damage to the artery. In addition, the stress created in the artery by the shape memory alloy stent is smaller. Therefore, the risk of plaque fragmentation and in-stent restenosis is reduced in shape memory alloy stents.
Flexural and toughness properties of NiTi shape memory alloy, polypropylene and steel fibres in self-compacting concrete
Authors: Aslani Farhad , Liu Yinong , Wang Yu
Published: October 2019

Self-compacting concrete presents good workability to fill complicated forms without mechanical vibrations. This concrete is often reinforced with fibres to improve the strength and toughness. This study investigated the use of nickel -titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloy fibres in comparison with polypropylene and steel fibres in self-compacting concrete. The performances of the fresh fibre–reinforced self-compacting concrete are explored by slump flow and J-ring experiments. Meanwhile, the static and cyclic flexural tests are conducted to estimate the bending resistance strength performance, residual deformation and recovering capacity of shape memory alloy, polypropylene and steel fibre–reinforced self-compacting concrete. Moreover, the flexural toughness of the shape memory alloy, polypropylene and steel fibre–reinforced self-compacting concrete is calculated using four different codes. The shape memory alloy fibre–reinforced self-compacting concrete with 0.75% volume fraction presents the largest flexural strength, re-centering ability and toughness in comparison with polypropylene and steel fibre–reinforced self-compacting concretes. The experimental results demonstrated the beneficial influence of the shape memory and superelastic properties of NiTi in postponing initial crack formation and restricting the crack widths.
Variability in the Reporting Terminology of Adverse Events and Complications in Ankle Fracture Fixation: A Systematic Review
Authors: St George Stefan A. , Sadr Hooman , Angthong Chayanin , Penner Murray , Salat Peter , Wing Kevin , Younger Alistair S. E. , Veljkovic Andrea
Published: October 2019

Background:

Classification systems for the reporting of surgical complications have been developed and adapted for many surgical subspecialties. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the variability and frequency of reporting terms used to describe adverse events and complications in ankle fracture fixation. We hypothesized that the terminology used would be highly variable and inconsistent, corroborating previous results that have suggested a need for standardized reporting terminology in orthopedics.

Methods:

Ankle fracture outcome studies meeting predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for analysis by 2 independent observers. Terms used to define adverse events and complications were identified and recorded. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus with the aid of a third observer. All terms were then compiled and assessed for variability and frequency of use throughout the studies involved. Reporting terminology was subsequently grouped into 10 categories.

Results:

In the 48 studies analyzed, 301 distinct terms were utilized to describe complications or adverse events. Of these terms, 74.4% (224/301) were found in a single study each. Only 1 term, “infection,” was present in 50% of studies, and only 19 of 301 terms (6.3%) were used in at least 10% of papers. The category that was most frequently reported was “infection,” with 89.6% of studies reporting on this type of adverse event using 25 distinct terms. Other categories were “wound healing complications” (72.9% of papers, 38 terms), “bone/joint complications” (66.7% of papers, 35 terms), “hardware/implant complications” (56.3% of papers, 47 terms), “revision” (56.3% of papers, 35 terms), “cartilage/soft tissue injuries” (45.8% of papers, 31 terms), “reduction/alignment issues” (45.8% of papers, 29 terms), “medical complications” (43.8% of papers, 32 terms), “pain” (29.2% of papers, 16 terms), and “other complications” (20.8% of papers, 13 terms). There was a 78.6% interobserver agreement in the identification of terms across the 48 studies included.

Conclusion:

The reporting terminology utilized to describe complications and adverse events in ankle fracture fixation was found to be highly variable and inconsistent. This variability prevents accurate reporting of complications and adverse events and makes the analysis of potential outcomes difficult. The development of standardized reporting terminology in orthopedics would be instrumental in addressing these challenges and allow for more accurate and consistent outcome reporting.

Level of Evidence:

Level III; systematic review of Level III studies and above.
The Relationship Between Workplace Bullying and Positive Mental Health Among Registered Nurses
Authors: Harb Alaa , Rayan Ahmad , Al.khashashneh Osama Zuhair
Published: October 2019

Background:

Workplace bullying is a highly prevalent occupational burden in health care settings. It is associated with various negative consequences in nurses, but its unique relationship with nurses’ positive mental health (PMH) has yet to be established.

Aim:

The purpose of this study was to examine the unique relationship between bullying at the workplace and positive mental health among registered nurses.

Method:

A descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional design was used. A sample of 231 registered nurses was recruited from two governmental hospitals, two private hospitals, and two teaching hospitals. Self-reported data were obtained about nurses’ demographic variables, their experience of bullying at the workplace, and their perceived positive mental health.

Results:

About 73.6% of the participants were exposed to workplace bullying. Regarding the positive mental health subscales, the spirituality subscale had the highest mean score ( M = 4.93, SD = 1.11), while the global affect had the lowest mean score ( M = 3.55, SD = 1.17). Factors associated with the total PMH or at least one of its subscales were gender, experience, working shift, type of hospital, and the position of the participant. There was a significant negative relationship between bullying at the workplace and positive mental health ( r = −.16, p < .05). After controlling participants’ characteristics, workplace bullying accounted for significant variance in PMH.

Conclusion:

Regardless of the nurses’ characteristics, bullying at the workplace has a negative impact on nurses’ mental health and well-being.
Understanding Helpful Nursing Care From the Perspective of Mental Health Inpatients With a Dual Diagnosis: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Ould Brahim Lydia , Hanganu Cezara , Gros Catherine Pugnaire
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND: An estimated 30% to 50% of people with a mental illness also have a substance use problem. Referred to as having a dual diagnosis, these patients experience high levels of unmet needs, poor health outcomes, and require specialized care during psychiatric hospitalization. Research on nursing inpatients with a dual diagnosis is limited and patient perceptions of helpful care during hospitalization are unknown. AIMS: What nursing interventions, attitudes, actions, and/or behaviors are perceived as helpful by patients with a dual diagnosis during psychiatric hospitalization? METHODS: A qualitative-descriptive design was used. Twelve adult inpatients with a dual diagnosis were recruited using purposive sampling. Individual, semistructured interviews were conducted, and interview data were analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS: Helpful nursing occurred across three themes: (1) promoting health in everyday living, (2) managing substance use in tandem with mental illness, and (3) building therapeutic relationships. CONCLUSIONS: Specific examples of helpful interventions and their reported outcomes reinforce the critical role that nurses play in the health and recovery of inpatients with a dual diagnosis. The importance of collaborative, strengths-based approaches is highlighted, and expanding the nurse’s role to include evidence-based responses to substance use is recommended.
The Digital Revolution in Behavioral Health
Authors: Hasselberg Michael J
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND: Technology is disrupting every modern industry, from supermarkets to car manufacturing, and is now entering the health care space. Technological innovations in psychiatry include the opportunity for conducting therapy via two-way video conferencing, providing electronic consultations, and telementoring and education of community health care providers. Use of mobile health applications is also an expanding area of interest and promise. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to review the evolution and pros and cons of technology-enabled health care since the digital movement in psychiatry began more than 50 years ago as well as describe the University of Rochester’s innovative digital behavioral health care model. METHODS: A review of the literature and recent reports on innovations in digital behavioral health care was conducted, along with a review of the University of Rochester’s model to describe the current state of digital behavioral health care. RESULTS: Given the lack of access to care and mental health professional shortages in many parts of the United States, particularly rural areas, digital behavioral health care will be an increasingly important strategy for managing mental health care needs. However, there are numerous hurdles to be overcome in adopting digital health care, including provider resistance and knowledge gaps, lack of reimbursement parity, restrictive credentialing and privileging, and overregulation at both the state and federal levels. CONCLUSIONS: Digital health innovations are transforming the delivery of mental health care services and psychiatric mental health nurses can be on the forefront of this important digital revolution.
Civic Writing on Digital Walls
Authors: Kalir Jeremiah H. , Garcia Antero
Published: October 2019

Civic writing has appeared on walls over centuries, across cultures, and in response to political concerns. This article advances a civic interrogation of how civic writing is publicly authored, read, and discussed as openly accessible and multimodal texts on digital walls. Drawing upon critical literacy perspectives, we examine how a repertoire of 10 civic writing practices associated with open web annotation (OWA) helped educators develop critical literacy. We introduce a social design experiment in which educators leveraged OWA to discuss educational equity across sociopolitical texts and contexts. We then describe a single case of OWA conversation among educators and use discourse analysis to examine shifting situated meanings and political expressions present in educators’ civic writing practices. We conclude by considering implications for theorizing the marginality of critical literacy, designing learning environments that foster educators’ civic writing, and facilitating learning opportunities that encourage educators’ civic writing across digital walls.
An Efficient Feature Extraction Technique Based on Local Coding PSSM and Multifeatures Fusion for Predicting Protein-Protein Interactions
Authors: An Ji-Yong , Zhou Yong , Zhao Yu-Jun , Yan Zi-Ji
Published: October 2019

Background:

Increasing evidence has indicated that protein-protein interactions (PPIs) play important roles in various aspects of the structural and functional organization of a cell. Thus, continuing to uncover potential PPIs is an important topic in the biomedical domain. Although various feature extraction methods with machine learning approaches have enhanced the prediction of PPIs. There remains room for improvement by developing novel and effective feature extraction methods and classifier approaches to identify PPIs.

Method:

In this study, we proposed a sequence-based feature extraction method called LCPSSMMF, which combined local coding position-specific scoring matrix (PSSM) with multifeatures fusion. First, we used a novel local coding method based on PSSM to build a new PSSM (CPSSM); the advantage of this method is that it incorporated global and local feature extraction, which can account for the interactions between residues in both continuous and discontinuous regions of amino acid sequences. Second, we adopted 2 different feature extraction methods (Local Average Group [LAG] and Bigram Probability [BP]) to capture multiple key feature information by employing the evolutionary information embedded in the CPSSM matrix. Finally, feature vectors were acquired by using multifeatures fusion method.

Result:

To evaluate the performance of the proposed feature extraction approach, we employed support vector machine (SVM) as a prediction classifier and applied this method to yeast and human PPI datasets. The prediction accuracies of LCPSSMMF were 93.43% and 90.41% on the yeast and human datasets, respectively. Moreover, we also compared the proposed method with the previous sequence-based approaches on the yeast datasets by using the same SVM classifier. The experimental results indicated that the performance of LCPSSMMF significantly exceeded that of several other state-of-the-art methods. It is proven that the LCPSSMMF approach can capture more local and global discriminatory information than almost all previous methods and can function remarkably well in identifying PPIs. To facilitate extensive research in future proteomics studies, we developed a LCPSSMMFSVM server, which is freely available for academic use at http://219.219.62.123:8888/LCPSSMMFSVM .
Improving building envelope performance with respect to thermal, sound insulation, and lighting: a case study
Authors: Habibi Shahryar
Published: October 2019

This study concerns an overall evaluation of building envelopes, for what concerns the energy, acoustic and lighting performances. It combines different topics of energy and indoor comfort, with the aim to improve the livability of an existing building (a social housing) by means of a comprehensive retrofit of their envelopes. The novel contribution of this study is to apply some methods for energy retrofit of a building envelope in such a way that objectives are achieved within the state-of-the-art combination simulation, optimization approaches, and equations describing the calculations of sound insulation in buildings. The results showed that properties of building envelope like the value of transmittance of the glass window and thermal properties of materials have an impact on indoor environmental quality and energy performance.
The influence of the environmental language (Lε) in Mandarin-English bilingual development: The case of transfer in wh- questions
Authors: Qi Ruying , Biase Bruno Di
Published: October 2019

Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions:

This study investigates the significance of the linguistic environment’s role in accounting for the nature of wh- in situ transfer. Previous research shows structural transfer from wh- in situ languages towards non- wh- in situ languages in bilingual children, usually affecting the weaker language. Explanations variously argue in terms of dominance of the child’s language and/or structural overlap and complexity, but transfer is said to be blocked if the languages are not isomorphic. However, these explanations fail to account for cases where all the above conditions are met but transfer does not materialise. We propose to re-examine the issues focusing on wh- in situ transfer in a Mandarin-English bilingual child. Our research questions centre around whether structural conditions and the child’s dominant language sufficiently account for transfer or lack thereof and whether the (neglected) role of the environmental language is significant.

Design/Methodology:

From wh- in situ research we identify 10 separate configurations differing with respect to some variable(s) and examine longitudinal data from a Mandarin-English bilingual child (age 1;7–4;6) growing up in a context-bound one language–one environment situation.

Data/Analysis:

The data consists of 83 audio-recordings and diary entries of naturalistic productions collected over three years. The distribution of wh- questions in context in each language was analysed in all transcriptions.

Findings/Conclusions:

No evidence was found of wh- in situ transfer, despite the child’s Mandarin dominance and the English-Mandarin isomorphism. The environmental language (Lε) cannot be underestimated.

Originality:

New evidence on wh- question development in a constellation not previously considered becomes critical when compared to earlier studies and identifies a significant, and hitherto neglected, role for the environmental language in understanding the nature of transfer.

Significance/Implications:

The findings suggest that approaches considering internal factors (structural overlap, complexity, isomorphism), or the child’s language dominance, do not exhaustively cover the conditions that predict whether or not transfer occurs.
Tweeting the Russian revolution: RT’s #1917LIVE and social media re-enactments as public diplomacy
Authors: Crilley Rhys , Gillespie Marie , Willis Alistair
Published: October 2019

Throughout 2017, the Russian state broadcaster, RT (formerly Russia Today), commemorated the centenary of the 1917 revolution with a social media re-enactment. Centred on Twitter, the 1917LIVE project involved over 90 revolution-era characters tweeting in real time as if the 1917 revolution was happening live on social media. This article is based on an analysis of a sample of tweets by users who engaged with 1917LIVE, alongside focus group discussions with its followers. We argue that a cultural studies perspective can shed important light on the political significance of RT’s social media re-enactment in ways that current studies of public diplomacy as a soft power resource often fail to do. It can advance soft power theory by offering a more nuanced, dynamic analysis of how state media mobilise, and how audiences engage with, social media re-enactments as commemorative events. We find that rather than promoting a unitary propagandistic narrative about Russia, 1917LIVE served instead to soften attitudes towards RT itself – encouraging audiences to view RT as an educator and entertainer as well as a news broadcaster – normalising its presence as a Russian public diplomacy resource in the international news media landscape. Our analysis of audience interactions with and interpretations of 1917LIVE affords insights into how the 1917 re-enactment worked as didactic entertainment eliciting affective identification with the characters of the revolution. Such public diplomacy projects contribute in the short term to a strengthening of the engagement required to create longer-term soft power effects.
Autoethnography as a Poetics of Worlding and a Politics of Becoming: Claudia Rankine’s Citizen and Kathleen Stewart’s Ordinary Affects
Authors: Johnson Jessica
Published: October 2019

This article analyzes the anthropologist Kathleen Stewart’s Ordinary Affects and the poet Claudia Rankine’s Citizen: An American Lyric as autoethnographies of affective encounter in which the authors stylistically fracture their positionalities such that the embodied evidence of experience becomes visceral political potential. In Ordinary Affects, Stewart uses autoethnography to conjure the intensities of affect that manifest in everyday moments and spaces of encounter, detailing disparate scenes of immanent force to provide an antidote to academic studies that render power inert as they employ totalizing systems such as “neoliberalism” to analyze its effects. Using “she” to index the difference between her first-person identity as a writer and a body that imagines and senses the political-as-becoming, Stewart invites readers to participate in a poetics of worlding during which the author does not play expert witness. In the American lyric Citizen, Claudia Rankine also splits her narrative voice and uses both “I” and “you,” while evoking affective encounters of racialization that are forces of habit and routines of violence. Her poem includes not only personal anecdote or feeling but also events and texts of popular culture, enlisting her readers to take part in a poetics of worlding and a politics of becoming through which the author bears witness to “I” through “you.” In effect, Rankine and Stewart use autoethnography to resist portraying political life as bound by discursive logics of self and subjecthood.
Aortic Graft Infection With Mycobacterium Avium Complex
Authors: Shaikh Mohammad-Ali , Bennett Lisa F. , Kirkwood Melissa L.
Published: October 2019

Aortic graft infections are uncommon complications after endovascular aortic surgery. In the majority of cases, gram-positive and then gram-negative organisms are the causative agents leading to this condition. Atypical organisms are traditionally not responsible for graft infection unless the patient is immunocompromised. We are reporting a case of culture-confirmed mycobacterium avium complex infection of an aortic graft in a well-controlled patient with HIV who had an undetected viral load and a CD4 count of 324 while on highly active antiretroviral therapy.