bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic Management of a Frameless Intrauterine Device-GyneFix Embedded in the Mesentery of the Ileum
Authors: Canda Mehmet Tunç , Demir Namık
Published: February 2017

GyneFix® is a small, frameless, armless, flexible intrauterine device. The proximal end contains a knot that is anchored in the uterine fundus using a special apparatus. A 31-year-old woman presented with abdominal cramps ten days after GyneFix® insertion. Transvaginal ultrasonography was unsuccessful in locating the intrauterine device therefore a direct X-ray sonogram of the abdomen while standing was performed. The X-ray sonogram of the abdomen showed the intrauterine device in the right quadrant. An exploratory laparoscopy was performed and showed that the intrauterine device perforated the uterine fundus and was embedded in the mesentery of the ileum. The intrauterine device was removed without complication. Although the reported complication rates are very low for GyneFix®, practitioners should be well trained and should be aware of such complications that could lead to bowel resection. We report the first case of a GyneFix®- Intrauterine device presenting with uterine perforation and nearly intestinal perforation since its recent introduction into the Turkish market.
Accelerated anaerobic release of K, Mg and P from surplus activated sludge for element recovery and struvite formation inhibition
Authors: Ito A. , Kawakami H. , Ishikawa N. , Ito M. , Oikawa T. , Sato A. , Umita T.
Published: February 2017

Accelerated release of potassium (K), magnesium (Mg) and phosphorus (P) from surplus activated sludge (SAS) was investigated to develop a new system for the recovery of the elements. Anaerobic cultivation of SAS during 24 h released 78% of K and about 50% of Mg and P from SAS more effectively compared to aerobic cultivation (K: 40%, Mg: 15%, P: 15%). Furthermore, the addition of sodium acetate as an organic carbon source remarkably accelerated the release of K, Mg and P from SAS under anaerobic condition. However, no increase in the maximum release efficiencies was observed. The elements released from SAS could be transferred to separate liquid with the existing mechanical thickener and be recovered as MgKPO4 by some additional process. Furthermore, the removal of the elements from SAS would inhibit the formation of struvite causing the blockage of sludge transport pipe after anaerobic digestion process of thickened sludge.
PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN MENENGAH UNIVERSAL SEBAGAI PERSIAPAN WAJIB BELAJAR DUABELAS TAHUN
Authors: Subijanto Subijanto , Suprastowo Philip , Jakaria Yaya , Hendarman Hendarman , Waluyo Ponco , Winigsih L. Hermin
Published: February 2017

Abstrak: Penyelenggaraan program Pendidikan Menengah Universal dilator-belakangi oleh keberhasilan program wajib belajar pendidikan dasar 9 tahun. Atas dasar itu, Kemendikbud perlu meningkatkan akses lulusan pendidikan dasar untuk melanjutkan ke pendidikan menengah melalui program wajib belajar 12 tahun. Tujuan studi ini dimaksudkan untuk mengkaji implementasiprogram Pendidikan Menengah Universal, terkait dengan (1) acuan legal formal; (2) kesiapan penyediaan sarana dan prasarana; (3) kesiapan penyediaan pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan; dan (4) kesiapan pendanaan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survei. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa: (a) semua daerah sampel belum memiliki acuan legal formal untuk melaksanakan program PMU; (b) ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana pembelajaran belum memadai; (c) ketersediaan pendidik dan tenaga kependidikna belum mencukupi dan pendistribusiannya belum merata; dan (d) ketersediaan pendanaan masih terbatas. Kata kunci: pendidikan menengah universal, wajib belajar 12 tahun, sarana prasarana, pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan, pendanaan. THE UNIVERSAL EDUCATION PROGRAM IN PREPARING FOR TWELVEYEARS COMPULSORY EDUCATION Abstract: The implementation of the universal education program for secondary school is based on the success of the nine year primary compulsory education.Therefore, the Ministry of Education and Culture needs to improve the access for primary education graduate through the twelve years compulsory education. The aim of this study is to analyze the implementation of the universal secondary education in accordance with (1) the legal formal; (2) the provision of the educational infrastructure and facilities; (3) the provision and distribution of teachers and administration staff; and (4) the supporting fund. The method used was survey. The results of the study were: (a) all sample areas had not have any legal basis for the implementation of universal education program for secondary education; (b) lack of educational infrastructure and facilities; (c) lack of teachers and administration staff and uneven distribution; (d) lack of operational budgeting. Key words: universal education program, twelf years compulsory education, educational facilities, teachers and administration staff, budgeting.
EFEKTIVITAS STRATEGI PENGELOMPOKAN BERPASANGAN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA MODEL CORE
Authors: Retnowati Endah
Published: February 2017

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji keefektifan pembelajaran CORE (Connect, Organize, Reflect, Extend) pada pembelajaran geometri transformasi dengan strategi pengelompokan yang berbeda ditinjau dari kemampuan penalaran, prestasi, dan self efficacy. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu dengan populasi siswa kelas XI IPA SMA yang baru pertama kali mempelajari materi geometri transformasi. Sampel penelitian sebanyak dua kelas masing-masing terdiri atas 40 siswa. Siswa belajar dengan dikelompokkan secara berpasangan atau kelompok kecil. Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik tes dan nontes serta dianalisis dengan teknik statistik deskriptif dan inferensial (Manova). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran CORE strategi berpasangan maupun kelompok kecil efektif ditinjau dari Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimum kemampuan penalaran, prestasi dan self efficacy yang ditetapkan, tetapi tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan di antara kedua strategi pengelompokan tersebut. Repeated measures analysis of variance menunjukkan bahwa kompleksitas materi pembelajaran memengaruhi prestasi belajar secara signifikan. Semakin kompleks materi pembelajaran, penggunaan strategi kelompok kecil lebih baik daripada berpasangan. Kata kunci: CORE, kemampuan penalaran, prestasi belajar, self efficacy THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DYAD STRATEGY DURING MATHEMATICS LEARNING BASED ON CORE MODEL Abstract: The purpose of this study is to test the effectiveness of an instruction, namely CORE (Connect, Organize, Reflect, Extend) model, for learning geometry transformation in different grouping strategies (by dyads and small-group work), in terms of reasoning ability, achievement, and self-efficacy. This study was a quasi-experimental research with the entire population of science 11th graders who were novices in geometry transformation. The research samples were two classes which respectively consist of 40 students. Students learned all material either in dyads or small groups.The results showed that CORE instruction model with dyads or small-group work strategies was effective in relation to students’reasoning ability, achievement, and self-efficacy. There was no significant difference between the two grouping strategies. The following repeated measured analysis of variance showed that complexity of learning material significantly affected learning achievement. It is concluded that when the learning material is high in complexity, learning it in small group is better than doing it in dyads. Keywords: CORE, reasoning ability, achievement, self-efficacy
IMPLEMENTASI BAHAN AJAR IPA BERBASIS INKUIRI DALAM DIKLAT INKUIRI BERJENJANG
Authors: Susilawati Eneng
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana mengimplementasikan  bahan ajar IPA berbasis inkuiri dalam Diklat inkuiri berjenjang yang meliputi jenjang dasar dan jenjang lanjut. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan Agustus sampai Oktober  2014 terhadap 36 guru IPA dari sembilan SMP yang dipilih secara purposive sample. Instrumen untuk pengambilan data mengunakan lembar observasi pembelajaran dan pedoman wawancara. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa bahan ajar IPA berbasis inkuiri yang diimplementasikan dalam Diklat inkuiri berjenjang telah mendukung pemikiran dan pertanyaan kritis karena pembelajaran menekankan pada proses penyelidikan yang difasilitasi melalui kegiatan yang bervariasi. Pembelajaran juga menekankan pada prinsip pemahaman materi yang dipelajari. Bahan ajar membantu guru memenuhi kebutuhan sumber belajar dan meningkatkan kepercayaan diri untuk membimbing siswa dalam proses pembelajaran IPA berbasis inkuiri. Kata Kunci: bahan ajar IPA berbasis inkuiri, pendidikan dan pelatihan, inkuiri berjenjang
Reconstrucción del tejido social en el ámbito escolar: una propuesta desde trabajo social
Authors: Ornelas Bernal Adriana , Tello Peón Nelia Elena
Published: February 2017

La actual descomposición social se caracteriza por el individualismo, la indiferenciay la falta de solidaridad que provocan el deterioro del tejido social. La violencia esuna de las formas de relación social dominante que se ha normalizado en nuestrassociedades y ha permeado las instituciones escolares. En este sentido, interesacaracterizar los procesos sociales que se generan en el ámbito escolar, en donde sereproduce y recrea la violencia, la exclusión, el rechazo, la desconfianza, enfatizandoque la escuela no solo es una “caja de resonancia” de lo que sucede a nivel societal,sino que también representa una posibilidad para incidir en la modificación de lasformas relacionales imperantes y promover procesos de inclusión, aceptación yconfianza entre los diferentes actores de la comunidad escolar, por lo que se presentaráun modelo de intervención diseñado desde Trabajo Social que pretende contribuir-desde la especificidad de esta disciplina- a la construcción de una sociedad diferente,incluyente, democrática.
Erziehungswissenschaftliche Lexika als Material zur Erforschung der Disziplingeschichte? Theoretisch-methodologische Überlegungen und inhaltliche Einblicke
Authors: Hild Anne , Stisser Anna
Published: February 2017

Schlüsselwörter: Bildungsreformen, Bildungssystem, gesellschafts- und wirtschaftspolitische MotivenEine etablierte erziehungswissenschaftliche Lexikonforschung gibt es noch nicht. Doch haben einige Studien in den letzten Jahren auf den besonderen Stellenwert von Lexika (vgl. z. B. Lenzen und Rost, 1999; Brachmann 2008; Tenorth, 2001; Herzog, 2005, Rost, 2008; Großkopf, 2012), Handwörterbüchern und Enzyklopädien im wissenschaftlichen Kommunikationszusammenhang hingewiesen. Demnach können (fach-)lexikalische Formate als Wissensspeicher beschrieben werden, die sie für verschiedene Analysen fruchtbar macht. Wir wollen hier der Frage nachgehen, inwiefern sich Lexika für die Erhellung disziplingeschichtlicher Fragestellungen eignen.Keywords: lexicon research in educational science, knowledge repositories, significance of encyclopedias for scienceThere is no substantial encyclopedia research in educational science, but many studies in recent years pointed out the particular significance of reference works, concise dictionaries and encyclopedias for the scientific community and exchange (e. g. Lenzen/Rost, 1999; Brachmann 2008; Tenorth, 2001; Herzog, 2005, Rost, 2008; Großkopf, 2012). According to these works encyclopedias can be seen as knowledge repositories prolific for different research questions. In this article we ask to what extent encyclopedias can offer opportunities to enlight research in the history of education(al science).
Vigilancia epidemiológica de lepra aplicable a sitios de baja prevalencia: una necesidad vigente
Authors: Guerrero G. Martha Inirida
Published: February 2017

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Glomerulonefritis por inmunocomplejos en un paciente con lepra
Authors: Díaz Ramírez Gabriel Sebastián , Morales Plaza Cristhian David , Matta Cortés Lorena
Published: February 2017

La lepra es una enfermedad cuyas manifestaciones se dan a nivel cutáneo y neurológico periférico. Es conocida desde siglos atrás y continúa siendo un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. La prevalencia ha disminuido después de la instauración de esquemas de tratamiento poliquimioterápicos. En Colombia no está considerada como un problema de salud pública por su baja prevalencia. El compromiso multisistémico es común, especialmente en las formas multibacilares. Los sistemas articular y renal son frecuentemente afectados, aunque estas afectaciones son en muchas ocasiones pasadas por alto. Se reporta el caso de un paciente con lepra lepromatosa que presentó glomerulonefritis mediada por inmunocomplejos y, además, compromiso poliarticular secundario a una reacción leprosa del tipo eritema nudoso lepromatoso. No hay conciencia por parte del personal de salud sobre las características de la enfermedad, ya que en muchos casos se cree erradicada. Este caso ilustra la importancia del reconocimiento y tratamiento oportunos para prevenir la discapacidad asociada.
Lepra neural pura de 18 años de evolución
Authors: Jaramillo Laura , Giraldo Natalia , Arboleda Margarita , Rodríguez Gerzaín
Published: February 2017

La lepra puede presentar dificultades diagnósticas, especialmente en la forma neural primaria. Un hombre de 38 años, exsoldado y trabajador rural, presentó durante más de 10 años hiperestesia supraclavicular y supraescapular izquierdas y anestesia progresiva escapular y en guante de la mano y brazo izquierdos, con reabsorción ósea de las falanges distales del primero y segundo dedos de la misma mano, cambios que le dificultaban realizar sus labores; no tenía lesiones cutáneas de lepra. El nervio cubital izquierdo presentaba engrosamiento epitroclear, por lo que se sospechó lepra neural pura. Las baciloscopias de moco, pabellones auriculares y codos fueron negativas, al igual que los anticuerpos IgM contra el glicolípido fenólico 1; dos biopsias de piel de zonas anestésicas fueron normales también. La electromiografía evidenció disminución notoria de los potenciales sensitivos de los nervios cubital, radial y mediano izquierdos, lo cual favoreció el diagnóstico de lepra neural primaria. Se inició tratamiento para lepra multibacilar por tener afección de más de un tronco nervioso, dos meses después comenzó a presentar mejoría notoria de los síntomas y logró reanudar sus actividades comunes y laborales. La lepra neural primaria cursa con zonas de hipoestesia y anestesia cutánea y engrosamiento neural troncular, puede permanecer sin diagnóstico durante años. La electromiografía, que demuestra disminución de los potenciales sensitivos, es una ayuda diagnóstica considerable, mientras la biopsia de piel anestésica ayuda al diagnóstico solo en la tercera parte de los casos. La sospecha clínica razonable es suficiente para iniciar tratamiento antileproso, cuando no se dispone de otros medios diagnósticos.
Abscesos hepáticos múltiples y empiema: una presentación inusual de actinomicosis
Authors: Galindo Javier Leonardo , Fajardo Ernesto , Ojeda Paulina , Carrillo Jorge Alberto
Published: February 2017

La actinomicosis es una entidad infecciosa causada por bacterias anaerobias del género Actinomyces spp. En general, la actinomicosis presenta un curso clínico larvado que dificulta su diagnóstico. Describimos el caso de un paciente con empiema por Actinomyces spp. secundario a rotura a la cavidad pleural de un absceso hepático.
Seasonal variations of trace element contents in leaves and bark of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) in urban and industrial regions in Serbia
Authors: Pavlovic Marija , Rakic Tamara , Pavlovic Dragana , Kostic Olga , Jaric Snezana , Mataruga Zorana , Pavlovic Pavle , Mitrovic Miroslava
Published: February 2017

In this study, we examined the ability of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) to capture heavy metals, and whether its capacity to absorb metals from soil is associated with surrounding ecological characteristics and sources of pollution. We studied the seasonal accumulation of B, Cu, Sr and Zn in leaves and bark, and the chlorophyll content in the common deciduous tree Aesculus hippocastanum L. in four urban parks in Pancevo, Smederevo, Obrenovac and Belgrade (Serbia) affected by different anthropogenic activities. The research included plants from a control site located within the zone of a former oak forest. Our findings suggest that there are potential ecological risks around Smederevo, Belgrade and Obrenovac due to elevated concentrations of B and Zn relative to the average concentrations described for worldwide soils, as well as national regulations. Substantial and toxic foliar accumulation of B was observed in Smederevo and Belgrade, and of Sr in both plant tissues at all sites. However, the Cu and Zn contents in leaves were not enough to meet the physiological needs of plants. Chlorophyll a and the total carotenoid content peaked in August under the most unfavorable conditions of the year, which may be considered as an adaptive mechanism. The obtained results showed the remarkable complexity of environmental conditions and the difficulties A. hippocastanum, as a species, has to overcome. Under conditions of different types of urban and industrial pollution, A. hippocastanum showed great element accumulation potential and could be regarded as both an accumulator and a response indicator, since its leaves are quite susceptible to damage.
Microtubules: A network for solitary waves
Authors: Zdravkovic Slobodan
Published: February 2017

In the present paper we deal with nonlinear dynamics of microtubules. The structure and role of microtubules in cells are explained as well as one of models explaining their dynamics. Solutions of the crucial nonlinear differential equation depend on used mathematical methods. Two commonly used procedures, continuum and semi-discrete approximations, are explained. These solutions are solitary waves usually called as kink solitons, breathers and bell-type solitons.
The effects of laboratory inquire-based experiments and computer simulations on high school students‘ performance and cognitive load in physics teaching
Authors: Radulovic Branka , Stojanovic Maja , Zupanec Vera
Published: February 2017

The main goal of this study was to examine the extent to which different
teaching instructions focused on the application of laboratory inquire-based
experiments (LIBEs) and interactive computer based simulations (ICBSs)
improved understanding of physical contents in high school students, compared
to traditional teaching approach. Additionally, the study examined how the
applied instructions influenced students? assessment of invested cognitive
load. A convenience sample of this research included 187 high school
students. A multiple-choice test of knowledge was used as a measuring
instrument for the students? performance. Each task in the test was followed
by the five-point Likert-type scale for the evaluation of invested cognitive
load. In addition to descriptive statistics, determination of significant
differences in performance and cognitive load as well as the calculation of
instructional efficiency of applied instructional design, computed one-factor
analysis of variance and Tukey?s post-hoc test. The findings indicate that
teaching instructions based on the use of LIBEs and ICBSs equally contribute
to an increase in students? performance and the reduction of cognitive load
unlike traditional teaching of Physics. The results obtained by the students
from the LIBEs and ICBSs groups for calculated instructional efficiency
suggest that the applied teaching strategies represent effective teaching
instructions.
Basal Glucose Can Be Controlled, but the Prandial Problem Persists—It’s the Next Target!
Authors: Riddle Matthew C.
Published: February 2017

Both basal and postprandial elevations contribute to the hyperglycemic exposure of diabetes, but current therapies are mainly effective in controlling the basal component. Inability to control postprandial hyperglycemia limits success in maintaining overall glycemic control beyond the first 5 to 10 years after diagnosis, and it is also related to the weight gain that is common during insulin therapy. The “prandial problem”—comprising abnormalities of glucose and other metabolites, weight gain, and risk of hypoglycemia—deserves more attention. Several approaches to prandial abnormalities have recently been studied, but the patient populations for which they are best suited and the best ways of using them remain incompletely defined. Encouragingly, several proof-of-concept studies suggest that short-acting glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists or the amylin agonist pramlintide can be very effective in controlling postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes in specific settings. This article reviews these topics and proposes that a greater proportion of available resources be directed to basic and clinical research on the prandial problem.
KOMPOSISI JENIS LARVA SIDAT (Anguilla spp.) YANG BERMIGRASI KE MUARA SUNGAI PROGO, YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Budiharjo Agung
Published: February 2017

Progo River is one of the rivers on the Java Island, which empties into the Indian Ocean, are became the entrance of the glass eels from the ocean. Glass eels were entering the river consists of several species. The aim of this research was to study of the species composition of glass eels that migrated into the estuary of the Progo River. Glass eels collected in the estuary in the year 2007–2009 at the lunar date 28 on at 20:00 until 04:00. In the period of 3 years, was successfully collected as many as 1.110 glass eels, which consisted of 3 species of Anguilla marmorata (31.17%), Anguilla bicolor bicolor (64,32%), and Anguilla nebulosa nebulosa (4.50%). Glass eels migrated into the estuary of Progo River during September to June. Glass eel of A. marmorata migrated to the estuary during September to June, A. bicolor bicolor migrated during October to June, and A. nebulosa nebulosa migrated to the estuary only during February to June.
VAKSIN INAKTIF Klebsiella pneumoniae DENGAN PERLAKUAN SINAR GAMMA DAN PEMANASAN SUHU 65° C
Authors: Djajanegara I. , Sugoro I.
Published: February 2017

Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of coliform bacteria which cause human dan mammalian diseases. The bacteria dominate in dairy cow milk which has suffered from mastitis and has resistent on antibiotic. Vaccination is one of aims to prevent the diseases. Nuclear technique could be used to have a vaccine candidate. This research was conducted to get the influence of inactivated K. pneumoniae by gamma irradiated and heat inactivated as vaccine candidate on mice. The treatment were positive control (infected by K. pneumoniae), Negative control (injection by physiologies NaCl solution), 800 Gy (infected by K. pneumoniae has inactivated with 800 Gy), 1000 Gy (infected by K. pneumoniae has inactivated with 1000 Gy), 30’ (infected by K. pneumonia has inactivated with heat 65° C for 30’), and 45’ (infected by K. pneumoniae has inactivated with heat 65° C for 30’). The parameters were physical condition, weight, organ, total number of red, white blood cells, and intraperitoneal macrophage. The results showed that irradiated vaccines were better than heat. % mortality of positive control was 100% but the treatments were 0%. The physic condition of mice was normal for irradiated treatment, but not for negative control and heat treatment. The weight gain of mice after vaccination and challenge test were decreased and back normal after 2 days. The organ condition of mice was normal after vaccination and challenge test. The total number of red and white blood cells showed the same pattern for all treatment after vaccination and challenge test, but the total of intraperitoneal macrophage was increased after 4 hours vaccination. Based on the results showed that irradiated vaccine has potential to develop as vaccine candidate.
Termodinamika Campuran Polipropilen/Karet Alam yang Ditambahkan Kompatibilizer Maleated Polypropylene
Authors: Bahruddin Bahruddin , Irdoni Irdoni , Muhammad Muhammad
Published: February 2017

Kajian terhadap aspek termodinamika suatu sistem campuran polimer-polimer diperlukan untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai kemampuan pencampuran maksimal dan pemisahan fasa dari sistem campuran tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperkirakan kemampuan pencampuran sistem karet alam (natural rubber, NR) dan polipropilen (PP) yang ditambahkan kompatibilizer Maleated Polypropylene (MAPP), dimana fasa NR tervulkanisasi dinamik dalam matrik PP dengan cross-link agent sulfur. Estimasi kemampuan pencampuran didasarkan pada energi bebas pencampuran yang dihitung dengan persamaan Flory-Huggins. Entalpi pencampuran dan volume molar masing-masing dihitung dengan persamaan van Krevelen dan metode Group Contribution Volume (GCVol). Parameter kelarutan juga dihitung menggunakan metode van Krevelen. Energi bebas pencampuran dihitung pada komposisi NR antara 0 sampai dengan 100% dan suhu 30oC. Proses vulkanisasi fasa NR dianggap menghasilkan jumlah molekul yang berikatan silang sebanyak 1113 dan terjadi secara monosulfidik. Komposisi MAPP divariasikan antara 0 sampai 10% massa, sedangkan jumlah gugus anhydrate (MA) dalam molekul MAPP berkisar antara 1 sampai 5% mol. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa penambahan MAPP pada sistem campuran NR/PP dengan fasa NR tervulkanisasi dinamik hanya dapat menurunkan nilai energi bebas pencampuran, namun tidak mengubah sifat ketidakmampuan campurnya. Kadar MA dalam MAPP relatif tidak mempengaruhi kemampuan pencampuran sistem campuran tersebut.
Pembuatan Biodiesel dari Minyak Sawit Off-Grade Menggunakan Katalis CaO Melalui Proses Dua Tahap
Authors: Putri Febrina Dwi , Helwani Zuchra , Drastinawati Drastinawati
Published: February 2017

Biodiesel merupakan sumber bahan bakar alternatif yang bisa dihasilkan dari minyak nabati melalui transesterifikasi dengan metanol. Sawit Off-grade merupakan salah satu sumber minyak nabati yang mempunyai potensi untuk digunakan sebagai bahan dasar produksi biodiesel. Reaksi transesterifikasi dilangsungkan dengan bantuan katalis CaO dari cangkang telur yang dikalsinasi pada suhu 900ºC selama 2 jam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memproduksi biodiesel dari minyak sawit off-grade melalui reaksi dua-tahap, melihat performa katalis Cao terhadap reaksi transesterifikasi, serta mempelajari pengaruh temperatur reaksi, rasio mol minyak:metanol dan konsentrasi katalis terhadap yield biodiesel pada reaksi transesterifikasi. Esterifikasi dilakukan pada suhu 60°C dengan perbandingan mol minyak:metanol 1:12 menggunakan 1%wt katalis H2SO4. Asam lemak bebas (ALB) tereduksi dari 16,18% menjadi 0,6%. Reaksi transesterifikasi dilakukan dengan variasi perbandingan mol minyak:metanol 1:7, 1:9, 1:11, konsentrasi katalis 2%wt, 4%wt, 6%wt, serta suhu reaksi pada 50ºC, 60ºC, 70ºC selama 2 jam. Data yang diperoleh diproses dengan menggunakan response surface methodology (RSM), sedangkan jumlah eksperimen ditentukan dengan central composite design (CCD). Yield yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini yaitu sebanyak 62,30%-87,41%. Yield optimum dihasilkan pada reaksi dengan suhu 70ºC menggunakan minyak:metanol dengan perbandingan 1:11 dan katalis CaO 2%wt. Kondisi proses yang berpengaruh terhadap yield biodiesel adalah suhu reaksi, perbandingan mol minyak:metanol, serta interaksi antara suhu dengan perbandingan mol minyak:metanol. Akan tetapi tidak ditemukan adanya pengaruh signifikan konsentrasi katalis terhadap yield biodiesel.
Dampak Penggantian Fe3O4 secara Parsial dengan Abu Sekam Padi (ASP) terhadap Porositas dan Kuat Tekan Keramik Komposit Clay-Fe3O4
Authors: Machmud Muhammad Nizar , Jalil Zulkarnain
Published: February 2017

Berdasarkan kajian pendahuluan diketahui bahwa penggunaan pasir laut dan penggantiannya dengan abu sekam padi (ASP) hingga pada fraksi berat tertentu dalam pembentukan keramik komposit clay belum mampu menunjukkan kuat tekan seperti yang diinginkan. Ditambah lagi karena kandungan Cl-dan SO4- yang bersifat korosif, penggunaan pasir laut tersebut tidak lagi direkomendasikan. Mineral utama dari pasir besi yaitu Fe3O4selanjutnya diajukan sebagai penggantinya untuk memproduksi keramik komposit clay baru. Karena pasir besi merupakan sumber daya alam yang tidak dapat diperbaharui, maka penggunaan mineral Fe3O4 tersebut perlu dibatasi. Selanjutnya, ASP masih dipilih untuk menggantikan Fe3O4secara parsial demi keberlanjutan produksi dari material-material keramik tersebut. Keramik dari komposit clay-Fe3O4/ASP tersebut selanjutnya diperkenalkan dalam makalah ini dan nantinya dirancang sebagai material bagi komponen-komponen yang menerima pembebanan berupa tekan dan juga termal. Dua tipe ASPlalu disiapkan dan selanjutnya dikarakterisasimenggunakan spektrometer X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada komposisi kimia dari keduanya. Namun, keduanya memiliki bulk density yang berbeda. Hasil pengujian porositas terhadap material keramik komposit tersebut menunjukkan bahwa penggantian Fe3O4dengan ASP meningkatkan porositas material. Hasilpengujian tekan menunjukkan bahwa meningkatnya berat fraksi dari ASP diikuti oleh penurunan kuat tekan material. Analisis X-ray diffraction (XRD) terhadap material baru tersebut menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar dari Fe3O4 telah bertransformasi menjadi Fe2O3 dan transformasi tersebut selanjutnya dapat menentukan besarnya porositas dan juga kuat tekan dari material tersebut.
Characterization of Empty Fruit Bunch Treated with Ionic Liquid Prior to Enzymatic Delignification
Authors: Financie Revie , Moniruzzaman Muhammad , Uemura Yoshimitsu
Published: February 2017

The technological utility of enzymes for delignification can be increased by using ionic liquid to open more accessible surface area for biomass transformation into bio-based products. The present paper demonstrates application of ionic liquid (IL) [emim][DEP] 1-ethyl-3 methyllimidazolium-diethyl phospate for empty fruit bunch (EFB) pretreatment process followed by enzymatic delignification by using Laccase.  It was found that [emim][DEP] increased the performance of the enzyme laccase and henced higher cellulose rich materials, whereas also reduced the lignin content in the EFB. The lowest lignin content obtained from IL-laccase treated EFB was approximately 17.92%, lower than the lignin content in the untreated EFB. Both treated and untreated EFB were characterized in chemical and physical properties by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG) to observe the changes resulted from the pretreatment.
Kapasitas Adsorpsi Bentonit terhadap Sulfur dan Merkuri secara Simultan pada Pembakaran Batubara
Authors: Yusran Alhamidi , Supardan Muhammad Dani , Mahidin Mahidin
Published: February 2017

Pemanfaatan batubara sebagai sumber energi melalui pembakaran langsung akan menghasilkan emisi gas, partikulat trace metal (logam berat) dan abu (terutama abu terbang) yang akan mencemari udara. Penanganan terhadap pencemaran tersebut merupakan hal yang sangat mendesak. Dalam studi ini ditawarkan penyelesaian secara simultan terhadap emisi SOx dan partikulat logam berat merkuri pada pembakaran batubara peringkat rendah yang ada di Aceh melalui penyerapan menggunakan bentonit alam yang juga terdapat di Aceh (juga di daerah lain di Indonesia). Penggunaan bentonit dapat mengurangi emisi gas SO2 dan partikulat trace metal Hg dalam gas buang dan abu terbang. Bentonit dapat meningkatkan afinitas atau gaya tarik menarik antara Hg dan mineral-mineral dalam bentonit dan sekaligus menurunkan afinitas Hg terhadap S atau SO2. Konsentrasi bentonit dalam kajian ini, tanpa kalsinasi dan langsung dicampur dalam batubara, adalah 0 – 16% dan temperatur pembakaran adalah 700 – 900oC. Hasil yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa kondisi maksimum penyerapan sulfur dan/atau SO2 serta merkuri terjadi pada kandungan bentonit 6% dan temperatur 700oC.
Sintesis Furfural dari Bagas Tebu Via Reaksi Hidrolisa dengan Menggunakan Katalis Asam Asetat pada Kondisi Atmosferik
Authors: Rossa Nine Tria , Iryani Dewi Agustina , Yuwono Suripto D.
Published: February 2017

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang hidrolisa bagas tebu menggunakan asam asetat sebagai katalis. Sebanyak 30 gram dihidrolisa dalam 300ml air yang mengandung katalis asam menggunakan  asetat sebesar 7 sampai 9% v/v dengan variabel waktu dan temperatur hidrolisa selama 1 sampai 4 jam dan 80oC sampai 103oC pada kondisi atmosferik menggunakan reaktor tipe batch. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh temperatur dan waktu hidrolisa, serta konsentrasi katalis asam asetat terhadap perolehan furfural. Kemudian untuk menemukan kondisi paling efisien untuk memproduksi furfural menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM) dengan Software Design Expert 7.0.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan penambahan waktu dan temperatur hidrolisa akan meningkatkan perolehan furfural. Perolehan asam asetat juga meningkat rata-rata hingga 2 kali dari konsentrasi asam asetat awal. Hal ini terjadi karena pemutusan gugus acetyl dari fraksi hemiselulosa pada bagas tebu. Perolehan kondisi optimum yakni pada waktu dan temperatur hidrolisa 2 jam dan 103oC, konsentrasi katalis 9%, dengan konsentrasi furfural 4,10 mg/ml dan konsentrasi asam asetat 2,62 mmol/ml.
Penyisihan COD dari Limbah Cair Pabrik Minyak Kelapa Sawit menggunakan Nano Karbon Aktif
Authors: Munandar Aris , Muhammad Syaifullah , Mulyati Sri
Published: February 2017

Limbah cair pabrik minyak kelapa sawit (PMKS) merupakan sumber pencemar potensial yang dapat memberikan dampak serius terhadap lingkungan, sehingga diperlukan penanganan terhadap limbah cair tersebut melalui peningkatan teknologi pengolahan. Salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk menghilangkan zat pencemar tersebut adalah dengan proses adsorpsi. Dalam penelitian ini, adsorben yang digunakan adalah karbon aktif dalam skala nanometer. Nano karbon diaktivasi secara fisika (kalsinasi) pada suhu 700OC untuk mendapatkan volume pori yang lebih besar. Kristalinitas nano karbon aktif dianalisis menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), sedangkan morfologi dari nano karbon aktif dianalisis dengan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Konsentrasi COD sebelum dan setelah proses adsorbsi dilakukan dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan variasi waktu kontak (0,5; 1; 2; 3; 4; dan 8) jam, massa adsorben (0,25; 0,5; 1; dan 2) gr, konsentrasi awal (47,60; 97,04; 193,84; dan 482,82) mg/l, ukuran adsorben (nano size dan mikron size), dan jenis adsorben (nano karbon aktif dan nano zeolit). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa waktu kontak, massa adsorben, jenis adsorben, dan konsentrasi awal sampel limbah mempengaruhi penyisihan COD. Waktu kontak yang optimal antara nano karbon aktif dengan COD adalah 4 jam dengan massa adsorben 2 gr. Pada jumlah atau massa adsorben yang tetap (2 gram) semakin tinggi konsentrasi awal COD di dalam sampel limbah maka persen penyisihan semakin kecil. Ukuran sampel pada skala nano memberikan hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan ukuran sampel pada skala mikron. Hasil penyisihan COD di dalam sample PMKS untuk nano karbon aktif lebih baik dibandingkan nano zeolit. Hasil Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) terlihat bahwa nano karbon aktif memiliki ukuran nanometer (10-9).
Identificação de pesquisas estratégicas em gestão de design direcionadas ao aumento da competitividade de micro e pequenas empresas brasileiras
Authors: Bernardes Mauricio Moreira e Silva , Oliveira Geisa Gaiger de , Ruecker Stan , Sato Keiichi
Published: February 2017

No Brasil, apesar da importância do processo de gestão de design, o foco de investigação nesta área é bastante recente. Parte desses estudos são direcionados para grandes empresas de diferentes segmentos de mercado. Nesse contexto, a realização de pesquisas que visem compreender a situação das pequenas empresas brasileiras  é particularmente oportuna devido aos incentivos governamentais para ajudá-las a tonarem-se mais inovadoras e produtivas. Este artigo apresenta os resultados de um projeto que visa identificar oportunidades de pesquisa de design para pequenas empresas que podem orientar o desenvolvimento de novas políticas e investimentos do Governo Brasileiro e da Academia. O artigo foi baseado em dados coletados em entrevistas com especialistas em design. As oportunidades identificadas estabeleceram uma referência para a concepção de uma estrutura de gerenciamento de projeto a ser validado em pequenas empresas. A estrutura proposta inclui a análise de desempenho de valor, as inovações nas práticas de gestão, e novas abordagens para o trabalho em equipe multidisciplinar. O desafio de investigar a aplicabilidade dos resultados da pesquisa apresentados neste artigo pode orientar o desenvolvimento de projetos futuros e têm implicações para mudanças na política, tanto por parte das empresas quanto pela academia.
KETEGARAN UPAH NOMINAL UNTUK TURUN: BUKTI EMPIRIS EKSPERIMEN
Authors: Susanto Joko , Siswanti Yuni , Windyastuti Windyastuti
Published: February 2017

This study aims to analyze the downward nominal wage rigidity and the difference in degree of downwardÂ nominal wage rigidity between the economy with unemployment benefits and the economy without unemploymentbenefit. An experimental method in the form of nominal wage bargaining between employees and employersÂ was aplied in this study. The subject of the experiment are the alumni of UPN â€œVeteranâ€ Yogyakarta who havework experience at least 1 year. Panel data regression and t- test was employed to make conclusions fromÂ the experiment. Results show that there is evidence of downward nominal wage rigidity. Nominal wages in theeconomy with unemployment benefits was proved to be more rigid to decrease than the nominal wages in theÂ economy without unemployment benefit.
MANAJEMEN LABA PADA BANK SYARIAH DI INDONESIA: PERAN KOMITE AUDIT DAN DEWAN PENGAWAS SYARIAH
Authors: Suryanto Tulus
Published: February 2017

This study examined the role of the audit committee and the shariâ€™ah supervisory board on earnings management in islamic banks in Indonesia. Research on islamic banking industry in Indonesia. The data used in this study were derived from secondary data that is derived from the quarterly reports of banking in the year 2010Â to 2012. This study is an empirical test using secondary data. Results of the study confirms the two hypotheses were examined: the size of the audit committee in preventing acts earnings management in islamic banks significant positive effect. this is attested by p value 0.008; 2; The size of the shariâ€™ah supervisory board was not able to reduce the amount of earnings management in islamic banks. Based on the results of hypothesis testing found that the variable sharia supervisory board has no effect. This may be due to the shariâ€™ah supervisory board to meet the regulations of Bank Indonesia only. Keywords: audit committee, shariâ€™ah supervisory board and management profit
Effects of Some local Conditions on Leaching Factor of Aridisols in Kalar/Garmian, Kurdistan- Iraq
Authors: Azeez Salim Neimat
Published: February 2017

Five sites were selected in Kalar city on different topographic position. The mean annual rainfall of the study area about 280 mm with about 24.5 C° mean annual temperature. The study area used for rain feed crop production. Morphological properties of the studied pedons indicated that all pedons were developed with Ochric epipedons and Cambic and Argillic endopedons .The results of particle size distribution show a wide differences between sand and clay in surface horizons except pedon (2) because of low elevation compared with other pedons. Moreover, the results of exchangeable sodium and potassium indicate that pedons (4) and (5) had the lowest value of soil leaching factor which is an indication of the high activity of weathering and leaching processes. In another hand, the results of total element analysis has observed that the silicate ratio were high to indicate the high leaching processes which is the proof of the existence of fine materials movement particularly clay colloids, this is not merely due to the rare rainy weather conditions that are prevalent recently but is a result of wet paleoclimatic conditions, and this movement eventually occurred due to in situ factors. All soils are belonged to Aridisols order with suborders Argids and Cambidsas these soils are in aridic moisture regime include Ochric diagnostic surface horizon with Argillic and Cambic diagnostic subsurface horizons.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL E O DIREITO À EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Bardela Adriana Missae Momma , Passone Eric Ferdinando Kanai
Published: February 2017

O presente artigo apresenta uma leitura crítica sobre o processo histórico da institucionalização das políticas públicas de educação infantil no Brasil. Nesse longo caminho, a infância foi objeto de controle das ações do Estado e da sociedade, distante da atual noção de direito e de dever do Estado de assegurar direitos sociais às nossas crianças. A garantia cidadã do direito à educação infantil, como conquista histórica da mulher, dos movimentos sociais e da sociedade como um todo, retrata um avanço em termos institucionais, culturais e sociais. As recentes formulações jurídicas em torno da educação infantil podem ser compreendidas ora como movimento progressivo ora regressivo no que concerne ao direito à educação dos mais novos.
ESTADO BRASILEIRO E POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS VOLTADAS PARA EDUCAÇÃO ESPECIAL E EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA
Authors: Lopes Silmara Aparecida , Almeida Jane Soares de
Published: February 2017

Este trabalho tem como propósito uma breve análise do desenvolvimento das políticas públicas voltadas para a educação especial e educação inclusiva e do papel do Estado nesse processo, no recorte temporal de 1988 até 2013. Para facilitar esta reflexão optou-se por dividir o texto em três partes: na primeira serão apresentadas algumas considerações sobre a concepção de Estado no capitalismo; na segunda analisa-se o Estado brasileiro a partir da década de 1990 e na terceira busca-se captar o desenvolvimento da educação especial e inclusiva através da análise de documentos e legislações.  Observa-se que as contrapartidas solicitadas pelos organismos multilaterais ao Estado Brasileiro têm sido contempladas quanto à inclusão de alunos com “necessidades educacionais especiais” nas salas regulares com a consequente relação custo-benefício; entretanto, é necessária a discussão em aprofundamento sobre a efetiva qualidade e devolutivas que tais arranjos provocam, objetos que estudaremos nesse artigo.
UMA ESCOLA DE TEMPO INTEGRAL
Authors: Caiuby Bianca Barrochelo , Boschetti Vânia Regina
Published: February 2017

O trabalho reflete sobre o sentido da educação em tempo integral por meio de fundamentações históricas e da experiência concreta, por meio de estudo de caso de uma escola estadual da cidade de Sorocaba. Oscilando entre o passado e o presente a fim de costurar a pesquisa, o texto cruza fundamentações, e, traz à tona indagações e análises do que houve, o que se tem e o que se pretende com essa proposta educativa. Justifica-se a pertinência do estudo pelo desenvolvimento da educação em tempo integral sob a perspectiva histórica que permite conjugar o passado com a proposta atual de uma sociedade realmente educativa. O artigo baseia-se na reflexão bibliográfica pertinente, e, empiricamente faz um estudo de caso de uma escola de tempo integral na cidade de Sorocaba.
O ESTADO CLASSISTA E O PDE COMO EXPRESSÃO DE DOMINÂNCIA
Authors: Prado Jeovandir Campos do
Published: February 2017

O recorte desenvolvido neste estudo desnaturaliza alguns princípios e razões contidos no Plano de Desenvolvimento da Educação (PDE), atinentes a sua formulação, elaboração e interesses ocultados na sua relação com o Estado. Sendo o PDE uma política pública para campo educacional, os debates, compulsoriamente, se passam na arena teórica na qual estão inseridos o Estado capitalista e “sua vocação para o disfarce”, como menciona Boron (2010). Em outras palavras, as análises, apoiadas nas lições marxiana/engelsiana/leniniana, corroboram o caráter classista desse Estado. Depreende-se que o PDE sofre a interferência de uma minoria privilegiada e, por conseguinte, pode ser considerado uma expressão de dominância.
EDUCAÇÃO E DESENVOLVIMENTO RURAL
Authors: Goulart Fabiano de Moura , Previtali Fabiane Santana
Published: February 2017

O texto pretende problematizar a implantação e execução do programa “ProJovem Campo – Saberes da Terra, Saberes de Minas” à luz do Plano Nacional de Educação (PDE), a partir da análise crítica desenvolvida por Saviani (2009) sobre este documento. A questão central situa-se na adequação desta iniciativa enquanto concepção de política pública para o setor e busca subsídios para a caracterização dos sujeitos destas políticas no contexto das transformações recentemente ocorridas no meio rural no Brasil em decorrência da expansão do capital internacional
POLÍTICAS CURRICULARES NO BRASIL NOS GOVERNOS FHC E LULA
Authors: Przylepa Mariclei
Published: February 2017

O presente artigo objetiva problematizar as políticas curriculares elaboradas e efetivadas nos governos FHC e Lula, a partir do contexto de reforma de Estado materializada na década de 1990. Nessa direção o estudo inicia abordando a política curricular no contexto da reforma de Estado, evidencia a proposta educacional do governo FHC, discute sua política curricular, via parâmetros curriculares nacionais, e finaliza analisando a política curricular implementada no primeiro ano do governo Lula.
A ESCOLA SERVE OU TEM SERVENTIA?
Authors: Dessotti Elise , Dessotti Isabel Cristina Caetano
Published: February 2017

Este trabalho tem como foco a análise da proposta curricular do estado de São Paulo criada em 2007 e implementada em 2008 e como esta trabalha a serviço do sistema neoliberal, formando indivíduos que sejam capazes de aceitar este sistema sem questioná-lo ou percebê-lo. As principais características da proposta curricular para as escolas são apontadas aqui a fim de relacioná-las com a baixa qualidade do ensino do estado de São Paulo, fato esse que sinaliza para o descompasso entre a realidade da escola pública e o discurso da Secretaria de Educação de empenho desta em oferecer uma educação à altura dos desafios contemporâneos, eliminando quaisquer formas de exclusão. Finaliza apresentando aspectos sobre o capital humano subjacente a essas propostas curriculares e como a educação serve para tais fins.
A AQUISIÇÃO DA LEITURA E DA ESCRITA NO CONTEXTO DO PROJETO INTERDISCIPLINAR
Authors: Sarmento Albertina Paes , Boschetti Vânia Regina
Published: February 2017

O artigo tem por objetivo relatar a prática profissional docente interdisciplinar no universo escolar. Destaca como o trabalho escolar exige de professores e alunos, planejamento e execução de atividades que precisam estar afinadas para se chegar a um resultado positivo. Pela ideia de aprendizagem significativa, mostra que o aluno ao participar ativamente de sua aprendizagem, vivencia, experimenta e desenvolve o senso de pesquisa, sistematizando o conhecimento construído. Na perspectiva teórica apresenta os conceitos de alfabetização e letramento. Ao descrever o trabalho do professor em sala de aula a partir do Projeto “A Cobra”, demonstra como se dá o desenvolvimento dos alunos nas habilidades de fala, de escrita, de compreensão silábica e dos sons produzidos pela junção das letras, paralelamente à apropriação de outros conhecimentos e à organização de iniciativas como visitas, exposição de livros e realizações estéticas.
ENTREVISTADO: CARLOS RODRIGUES BRANDÃO/ A EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS E OS DESAFIOS CONTEMPORÂNEOS
Authors: Garrido Noemia de Carvalho
Published: February 2017

A educação de jovens e adultos no Brasil, a EJA, constitui-se em um dos desafíos que o país terá que encaminhar e desdobrar com vistas não somente a promover a oportunização de escolaridade para àqueles que não a tiveram em idade apropriada, mas no sentido de minimizar os gargalos produzidos por uma sociedade excludente e auto produtora das desigualdades sociais e económicas. A presente entrevista concedida pelo educador e antropólogo Carlos Rodrigues Brandão, reconhecido pesquisador sobre a temática educacional nos ajuda a pensar a realidade brasileira, ao mesmo tempo em que pincela pistas que certamente poderão se tornar subsídio para o encaminhamento da temática em questão. A entrevista foi realizada na calmaría do sítio Rosa-dos-Ventos em Minas Gerais.