bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What Tweets Tell us About MOOC Participation
Authors: Koutropoulos Apostolos , Abajian Sean C. , DeWaard Inge , Hogue Rebecca J. , Keskin Nilgun O. , Rodriguez C. Osvaldo
Published: March 2014

In this research paper, the authors analyze the collected Twitter data output during MobiMOOC 2011. This six-week data stream includes all tweets that contain the MOOC's hashtag (#mobiMOOC) and it has been analyzed using qualitative methodology. The analysis sought to examine the emotive vocabulary used, to determine if there was content-sharing via tweets, and to analyze the folksonomic trends of the tweets. In Addition sought a deeper understanding of what, and how, MOOC participants share what they share on the MOOC’s Twitter channel. The aim of this study is to provide a little more insight into MOOC learner behaviors on Twitter so that future MOOC designers and facilitators can better engage with their learners.
Visualizing Populated Ontologies with OntoTrix
Authors: Bach Benjamin , Pietriga Emmanuel , Liccardi Ilaria
Published: March 2014

Research on visualizing Semantic Web data has yielded many tools that rely on information visualization techniques to better support the user in understanding and editing these data. Most tools structure the visualization according to the concept definitions and interrelations that constitute the ontology’s vocabulary. Instances are often treated as somewhat peripheral information, when considered at all. These instances, that populate ontologies, represent an essential part of any knowledge base. Understanding instance-level data might be easier for users because of their higher concreteness, but instances will often be orders of magnitude more numerous than the concept definitions that give them machine-processable meaning. As such, the visualization of instance-level data poses different but real challenges. The authors present a visualization technique designed to enable users to visualize large instance sets and the relations that connect them. This visualization uses both node-link and adjacency matrix representations of graphs to visualize different parts of the data depending on their semantic and local structural properties. The technique was originally devised for simple social network visualization. The authors extend it to handle the richer and more complex graph structures of populated ontologies, exploiting ontological knowledge to drive the layout of, and navigation in, the representation embedded in a smooth zoomable environment.
A Mobile-Based E-Learning System
Authors: Ojokoh Bolanle Adefowoke , Doyeni Olubimtan Ayo , Adewale Olumide Sunday , Isinkaye Folasade Olubusola
Published: March 2014

E-learning is an innovative approach for delivering electronically mediated, well-designed, learner-centred interactive learning environments by utilizing internet and digital technologies with respect to instructional design principles. This paper presents the application of Software Development techniques in the development of a Mobile Based E-learning system that facilitates learning in a University environment. The developed application presents a system where a student after registration, has access to various functions that can improve the process of learning. Web pages were developed to serve as the user interface to the MLS and provide all the services needed for an E-learning portal including assessment and provision of feedback to learners. A portal exists for lecturers to upload learning contents and students’ examination results. The online portal uses Apache HTTP server as its web server, MySQL for relational database management and PHP as the scripting language to serve as a communication gateway between the back end and the users. The system was tested and evaluated with satisfactory results. This work, if adopted in schools to aid conventional learning, is expected to immensely improve the learning process and performance of students.
The Application of Social Networking Sites (SNSs) in e-Learning and Online Education Environments
Authors: Tsai Chia-Wen , Shen Pei-Di , Chiang Yi-Chun
Published: March 2014

In this paper, the authors reviewed the empirical studies on social networking sites (SNSs), especially those focused on adopting SNSs for students’ learning, published in SSCI journals from 2004 to 2013. It was found that the number of articles has significantly increased, particularly after 2009. Among the 76 published papers, most studies were conducted in higher education, as well as in education domain. Furthermore, the qualitative research method was used more in SNSs and e-learning research. The findings in this study may provide reference and directions for future research, and help teachers to consider using SNSs in their online courses.
Delivering MBA Programs in Emerging Markets
Authors: Jones Stephanie
Published: March 2014

Increasingly, Western-style MBA programs are being delivered in emerging markets, as the developed countries become more and more saturated with MBAs and related offerings. This article, based on the global experience of the author in teaching and assessing MBA modules including thesis and dissertation research and writing, suggests approaches to coping with the special challenges faced in new markets for MBA delivery worldwide. The differences with typical experiences in the West are cultural, linguistic, behavioral and relate to learning styles, economic backgrounds, use of technology, and relationships with administrators, teachers and fellow-students. This article is based on the author’s experiences of MBA course delivery in China, the Arab World, Africa, Iran, Malaysia and Indonesia, Vietnam, Eastern Europe, former Russian states such as Kazakhstan, and South America, such as Peru and Suriname. Examples of specific MBA teaching and assessment challenges are provided, with possible solutions and approaches for coping.
Asphodelaceae: Alooideae
Authors: Crouch N. R. , Smith G. F. , Styles D. G. A.
Published: March 2014

Gasteria croucheri subsp. pondoensis, a new cremnophyte from Pondoland, South Africa.
Alliaceae
Authors: Vosa C. G. , Siebert S. J. , Van Wyk A. E.
Published: March 2014

Micromorphology and cytology of Prototulbaghia siebertii, with notes on its taxonomic significance.
Fabaceae
Authors: Germishuizen G.
Published: March 2014

A new species of Rhynchosia from the northern provinces of South Africa.
Fabaceae
Authors: Schmidt E. J. D.
Published: March 2014

A new species of Bauhinia from southern Mozambique and the reinstatement of Bauhinia macrantha.
The emerging invasive alien plants of the Drakensberg Alpine Centre, southern Africa
Authors: Carbutt C.
Published: March 2014

An ‘early detection’-based desktop study has identified 23 taxa as ‘current’ emerging invasive alien plants in the Drakensberg Alpine Centre (DAC) and suggests a further 27 taxa as probable emerging invaders in the future. These 50 species are predicted to become problematic invasive plants in the DAC because they possess the necessary invasive attributes and have access to potentially suitable habitat that could result in them becoming major invaders. Most of the ‘current’ emerging invasive alien plant species of the DAC are of a northern-temperate affinity and belong to the families Fabaceae and Rosaceae (four taxa each), followed by Boraginaceae and Onagraceae (two taxa each). In terms of functional type (growth form), most taxa are shrubs (9), followed by herbs (8), tall trees (5), and a single climber. The need to undertake a fieldwork component is highlighted and a list of potential study sites to sample disturbed habitats is provided. A global change driver such as increased temperature is predicted to not only result in extirpation of native alpine species, but to also possibly render the environment more susceptible to alien plant invasions due to enhanced competitive ability and pre-adapted traits. A list of emerging invasive alien plants is essential to bring about swift management interventions to reduce the threat of such biological invasions.
Rubiaceae
Authors: Jordaan M. , Steyn H. M.
Published: March 2014

Taxonomic notes on Sericanthe andongensis and a new combination and status in Sericanthe from Limpopo, South Africa.
Iridaceae
Authors: Goldblatt P. , Manning J. C.
Published: March 2014

Notes on Moraea subg. Visciramosa (Iridoideae), including the new species Moraea saldanhensis from the Atlantic coast of South Africa, recognition of M. inconspicua subsp. namaquensis, and pollination biology in M. rivulicola.
A revised infrageneric classification and synopsis of the Afro-Eurasian genus Moraea (Iridaceae: Irideae)
Authors: Goldblatt P. , Manning J. C. , Schnitzler J.
Published: March 2014

Molecular phylogenetic studies of Moraea Mill. and the inclusion of Barnardiella Goldblatt, Galaxia Thunb., Gynandriris Parl., Hexaglottis Vent., Homeria Vent. and Roggeveldia Goldblatt in the genus have rendered the existing infrageneric classification, dating from 1976, in need of substantial revision. In particular, subg. Moraea and subg. Vieusseuxia have been shown to be paraphyletic. We propose a new infrageneric classification, based, as far as current data permit, on phylogenetic principles. Monophyletic subgenera and sections are circumscribed based on molecular phylogenies alone or in combination with morphological considerations. We recognize 11 subgenera, 15 sections and three series, arranged as follows in phylogenetic sequence: Plumarieae; Visciramosae (with sect. Multifoliae and sect. Visciramosae); Moraea (with sect. Moraea and sect. Polyphyllae); Galaxia (with ser. Unguiculatae, ser. Eurystigma and ser. Galaxia); Monocephalae; Acaules; Polyanthes (with sect. Serpentinae, sect. Deserticola, sect. Hexaglottis, sect. Gynandriris, sect. Polyanthes and sect. Pseudospicatae); Grandifl orae; Vieusseuxia (with sect. Integres, sect. Vieusseuxia and sect. Villosae); and Homeria (with sect. Stipanthera, sect. Flexuosae, sect. Homeria and sect. Conantherae). Most are moderately to well circumscribed at the morphological level either by floral or vegetative characters, except subg. Moraea, which includes a small number of unspecialized species apparently not linked by any apomorphic features. With over 27 new species described in the past 25 years and another 60 transferred to the genus, Moraea now includes 214 species. We provide a full taxonomic synopsis of the genus.
Fabaceae
Authors: Nkonki T. , Ngwenya A. M. , Van Wyk B-E.
Published: March 2014

A new species of Lessertia (Galegeae) from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Asteraceae
Authors: Calvo J. , Manning J. C. , Garmendia F. M. , Aedo C.
Published: March 2014

Senecio pseudolongifolius, a new name for the misapplied S. linifolius.
New taxa of Hesperantha (Iridaceae: Crocoideae) from the southern African winter rainfall region and a review of the H. pilosa complex
Authors: Goldblatt P. , Manning J. C.
Published: March 2014

The southern and tropical Africa genus Hesperantha Ker Gawl., now with 85 species, is distinguished in subfam. Crocoideae by the style dividing into relatively long, usually laxly spreading style branches at or shortly below the mouth of the perianth tube (rarely well within the tube or above the mouth of the tube) and, with a few exceptions, by hard, woody corm tunics. We describe three new species here. H. dolomitica Goldblatt J.C.Manning, a narrow endemic of limestone outcrops on slopes north of the Vars River in the Knersvlakte, Western Cape, has the bell-shaped corms characteristic of the small sect. Hesperantha but is distinctive in the section in its pure white perianth with relatively long tube and soft-textured, falcate to distally trailing leaves. H. laxifolia Goldblatt J.C.Manning from the Pakhuis Mtns, Western Cape, stands out in sect. Hesperantha in its prostate, somewhat succulent foliage leaves, and spikes of 2–5 white flowers with unusually short filaments less than 1 mm long and particularly short anthers, ± 4 mm long. The short style branches, ± 4 mm long, remain suberect rather than laxly spreading. H. secunda Goldblatt J.C.Manning from the Roggeveld Escarpment, Northern Cape, has until now been included in H. pilosa but differs in its secund spike of nodding flowers with short style branches, and leaves with broadly winged margins. We also recognize a new subsp. bracteolata (R.C.Foster) Goldblatt J.C.Manning of H. pilosa (L.f.) Ker Gawl. for populations of plants with diurnal flowers with usually blue or purple (occasionally white) tepals lacking dark pigmentation on the reverse. With additional material to hand, we reduce blue-flowered H. ciliolata Goldblatt to synonymy in subsp. bracteolata and report range extensions for H. pilosa subsp. pilosa, now recorded as far east as the Langeberg near Cloete’s Pass.
Iridaceae
Authors: Goldblatt P. , Manning J. C. , Curtis O. E.
Published: March 2014

A new species of Hesperantha from the Overberg, Western Cape, and observations on a novel mode for pollen transfer in the genus and family by a hesperid butterfly.
Santalaceae
Authors: Forest F. , Manning J. C.
Published: March 2014

The minor genera Kunkeliella and Thesidium included in Thesium.
African primary care research: Participatory action research
Authors: Mash Bob
Published: March 2014

This article is part of the series on African primary care research and focuses on participatory action research. The article gives an overview of the emancipatory-critical research paradigm, the key characteristics and different types of participatory action research. Following this it describes in detail the methodological issues involved in professional participatory action research and running a cooperative inquiry group. The article is intended to help students with writing their research proposal.
Antibiofilm Efficacy of DispersinB® Wound Spray Used in Combination with a Silver Wound Dressing
Authors: Gawande Purushottam V. , Clinton Allie P. , LoVetri Karen , Yakandawala Nandadeva , Rumbaugh Kendra P. , Madhyastha Srinivasa
Published: March 2014

Chronic wounds including diabetic foot ulcers, pressure ulcers, and venous leg ulcers are a worldwide health problem. As the traditional methods of treatment have proven ineffective against chronic wounds involving biofilms, there is an unmet clinical need for developing products with an antibiofilm component that inhibits and/or disrupts biofilms and thus make the biofilm-embedded bacteria more susceptible to antimicrobial therapy. We developed a DispersinB® antibiofilm enzyme-based wound spray for treating chronic wounds in conjunction with an antimicrobial. Under in vitro conditions, the DispersinB® and Acticoat™ combination performed significantly better ( P < 0.05) than Acticoat™ alone, indicating the synergy between the two compounds because of DispersinB® enhancing the antimicrobial activity of Acticoat™. Furthermore, DispersinB® wound spray enhanced the antimicrobial activity of Acticoat™ in a chronic wound mouse model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. Thus, this novel combination of DispersinB® and Acticoat™, an antimicrobial dressing, prompts clinical evaluation for potential applications in biofilm-based chronic wound management.
Downslope föhn winds over the Antarctic Peninsula and their effect on the Larsen Ice Shelves
Authors: Grosvenor D. P. , King J. C. , Choularton T. W. , Lachlan-Cope T.
Published: March 2014

Abstract. Mesoscale model simulations are presented of a westerly föhn event over the Antarctic Peninsula mountain ridge and onto the Larsen C Ice Shelf, just south of the recently collapsed Larsen B Ice Shelf. Aircraft observations showed the presence of föhn jets descending near to the ice shelf surface with maximum wind speeds at 250–350 m in height. Surface flux measurements suggested that melting was occurring. Simulated profiles of wind speed, temperature and wind direction were very similar to the observations. However, the good match only occurred at a model time corresponding to ∼9 h before the aircraft observations were made since the model föhn jets died down after this. Through comparison to an Automatic Weather Station (AWS) on the ice shelf surface (east side of the ridge) this was attributed to problems with the time evolution of the large scale meteorology of the analysis used to nudge the upper levels of the model. Timing issues aside, the otherwise good comparison between the model and observations gave confidence that the model flow structure was similar to that in reality. Details of the model jet structure are explored and discussed and are found to have ramifications for the placement of AWS stations on the ice shelf in order to detect föhn flow. Cross sections of the flow are also examined and were found to compare well to the aircraft measurements. Gravity wave breaking above the mountain crest likely created a situation similar to hydraulic flow and allowed föhn flow and ice shelf surface warming to occur despite strong upwind blocking, which in previous studies of this region has generally not been considered. The surface energy budget of the model during the melting periods showed that the net downwelling shortwave surface flux was the largest contributor to the melting energy, indicating that the cloud clearing effect of föhn events is likely to be the most important factor for increased melting relative to non-föhn days. The results also indicate that the warmth of the föhn jets through sensible heat flux may not be critical in causing melting beyond boundary layer stabilization effects (which may help to prevent cloud cover and suppress loss of heat by convection) and are actually cancelled by latent heat flux effects (snow ablation). It was found that ground heat flux was likely to be an important factor when considering the changing surface energy budget for the southern regions of the ice shelf as the climate warms.
Determination of alkyl amines in atmospheric aerosol particles: a comparison of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and ion chromatography approaches
Authors: Huang R.-J. , Li W.-B. , Wang Y.-R. , Wang Q. Y. , Ho K.-F. , Cao J. J. , Wang G. H. , Chen X. , Haddad I. EI , Zhuang Z. X. , Wang X. R. , Prévôt A. S. H. , O'Dowd C. D. , Hoffmann T.
Published: March 2014

Abstract. In recent years low molecular weight alkyl amines have been recognized to play an important role in particle formation and growth in the lower atmosphere. However, major uncertainties are associated with their atmospheric processes, sources and sinks, mostly due to the lack of ambient measurements and the difficulties in accurate quantification of alkyl amines at trace level. In this study, we present the evaluation and optimization of two analytical approaches, i.e., gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ion chromatography (IC), for the determination of alkyl amines in aerosol particles. Alkyl amines were converted to carbamates through derivatization with isobutyl chloroformate for GC-MS determination. A set of parameters affecting the analytical performances of the GC-MS approach, including reagent amount, reaction time and pH value, was evaluated and optimized. The accuracy is 84.3–99.1%, and the limits of detection obtained are 1.8–3.9 pg. For the IC approach, a solid phase extraction (SPE) column was used to separate alkyl amines from interfering cations before IC analysis. 1–2% (v/v) of acetone (or 2–4% (v/v) of acetonitrile) was added to the eluent to improve the separation of alkyl amines on the IC column. The limits of detection obtained are 2.1–15.9 ng and the accuracy is 55.1–103.4%. The lower accuracy can be attributed to evaporation losses of amines during the sample concentration procedure. Measurements of ambient aerosol particle samples collected in Hong Kong show that the GC-MS approach is superior to the IC approach for the quantification of primary and secondary alkyl amines due to its lower detection limits and higher accuracy.
Terrestrial ecosystems response to future changes in climate and atmospheric CO2 concentration
Authors: Arora V. K. , Boer G. J.
Published: March 2014

Abstract. The response of the terrestrial carbon cycle to future changes in climate and atmospheric CO2 is assessed by analyzing simulations, for the 2006–2100 period, made with the second generation Canadian Earth system model (CanESM2) for the RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 climate change scenarios. Our interest is in the extent to which global terrestrial carbon pools and sinks, in particular those of the Amazonian region, are vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. CanESM2 results indicate that land remains an overall sink of atmospheric carbon for the 2006–2100 period. The net carbon uptake by land in response to changes in climate and atmospheric CO2 is close to 20, 80 and 140 Pg C for the RCP 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, respectively. The latitudinal structure of future atmosphere–land CO2 flux remains similar to that observed for the historical period with northern mid- to high-latitude regions gaining carbon from the atmosphere while the tropics remain either carbon neutral or a modest source of atmospheric carbon depending on scenario. These changes occur in conjunction with simulated precipitation and soil moisture increases over northern mid- and high-latitude land regions and precipitation and soil moisture decreases over the South American continent in all scenarios. Compared to other regions of the globe, which are either carbon sinks or near neutral, the Amazonian region is simulated to be a net source of carbon during the 21st century. Moreover, and unexpectedly, the rate of carbon loss to the atmosphere from the Amazonian region is largely independent of the differences between the three scenarios considered.
UAV PHOTOGRAMMETRY TO MONITOR DYKES – CALIBRATION AND COMPARISON TO TERRESTRIAL LIDAR
Authors: Tournadre V. , Pierrot-Deseilligny M. , Faure P. H.
Published: March 2014

Abstract. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and photogrammetry are two fields that have been boosted these last years. Using aerial means, one can easily acquire aerial data and produce high resolution dense surface models, orthophotos,... IGN (the French Mapping Agency) and CNR (Compagnie Nationale du Rhône, which is the concessionary of the Rhône river and a hydraulic energy producer) have associated themselves on a thesis protect. The aim is to be able to monitor dykes from images acquired by UAV and take benefit from their convenience, targeting a centimetric accuracy on the Z-axis. This article presents our motivations and the problems we have faced in our first experiments. We also worked on a site covered by a terrestrial Lidar survey, and studied how minimizing the bundle adjustment residuals by using different calibrations would influence the quality of the computed models. Finally, we will introduce in a last part our last experiments to get a better understanding of poses estimation accuracy.
MULTI-SCALE MATCHING FOR THE AUTOMATIC LOCATION OF CONTROL POINTS IN LARGE SCALE AERIAL IMAGES USING TERRESTRIAL SCENES
Authors: Berveglieri A. , Tommaselli A. M. G.
Published: March 2014

Abstract. A technique to automatically locate Ground Control Points (GCPs) in large aerial images is presented considering the availability of low accuracy direct georeferencing data. The approach is based on image chips of GCPs extracted from vertical terrestrial images. A strategy combining image matching techniques was implemented to select correct matches. These matches were used to define a 2D transformation with which the GCP is projected close to its correct position, reducing the search space in the aerial image. Area-based matching with some refinements is used to locate GCPs with sub-pixel precision. Experiments were performed with multi-scale images and assessed with a bundle block adjustment simulating an indirect sensor orientation. The accuracy analysis was accomplished based on discrepancies obtained from GCPs and check points. The results were better than interactive measurements and a planimetric accuracy of 1/5 of the Ground Sample Distance (GSD) for the check points was achieved.
POSE VERSUS STATE: ARE SENSOR POSITION AND ATTITUDE SUFFICIENT FOR MODERN PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING?
Authors: Colomina I. , Blázquez M.
Published: March 2014

Abstract. We investigate the advantages of using what we call sensor state parameters or sensor state to describe the geometrical relationship between a sensor and the 3D space or the 4D time-space that extend the traditional image pose or orientation (position and attitude) to the image state. In our concept, at some point in time t, the sensor state is a 12-dimensional vector composed of four 3-dimensional subvectors p(t), v(t), γ(t) and ω(t). Roughly speaking, p(t) is the sensor’s position, v(t) its linear velocity, γ(t) its attitude and ω(t) its angular velocity. It is clear that the state concept extends the pose or orientation ones and attempts to describe both a sensor’s statics (p(t), γ(t)) and dynamics (v(t), ω(t)). It is also clear that if p(t), γ(t) are known for all t within some time interval of interest, then v(t) and ω(t) can be derived from the former. We present three methods to compute the state parameters, two for the continuous case and one for the discrete case. The first two methods rely on the availability of inertial measurements and their derived time-Position-Velocity-Attitude (tPVA) trajectories. The first method extends the INS mechanization equations and the second method derives the IMU angular velocities from INS mechanization equations' output data. The third method derives lineal and angular velocities from relative orientation parameters. We illustrate how sensor states can be applied to solve practical problems. For this purpose we have selected three cases: multi-sensor synchronization calibration, correction of image motion blur (translational and rotational) and accurate orientation of images acquired with focal-plane shutters.
CALIBRATING THE NEW ULTRACAM OSPREY OBLIQUE AERIAL SENSOR
Authors: Gruber M. , Walcher W.
Published: March 2014

Abstract. We present methods and results to calibrate the new oblique sensor UltraCam Osprey which was presented for the first time at the ASPRS 2013 conference and exhibition in Baltimore, MD, March 2013. Even if this was not the first time when oblique sensors were introduced into the market, the UltraCam Osprey did show several new conceptual details which are illustrated in this presentation. The design of the camera is focusing on two important characteristics, a metric nadir component which has been derived from the UltraCam Lp sensor, and collection efficiency through very large swath width. The nadir sensor consists of the 90 megapixel panchromatic camera, true-color RGB, and a near-infrared camera. Adding six oblique camera heads, with two each in forward and backwards direction, results in unmatched oblique collection efficiency. We first explain the camera and cone configuration along with the geometric layout of the sensor system. Then we describe the laboratory setup for geometric calibration of the UltraCam Osprey and the calibration process along with the actual results of one such calibration showing sub-pixel accurate image geometry. This proves that the UltraCam Osprey is a fully calibrated metric camera system suitable for photogrammetric survey applications.
CALIBRATION OF A MULTIPLE STEREO AND RGB-D CAMERA SYSTEM FOR 3D HUMAN TRACKING
Authors: Amplianitis K. , Adduci M. , Reulke R.
Published: March 2014

Abstract. Human Tracking in Computer Vision is a very active up-going research area. Previous works analyze this topic by applying algorithms and features extraction in 2D, while 3D tracking is quite an unexplored filed, especially concerning multi–camera systems. Our approach discussed in this paper is focused on the detection and tracking of human postures using multiple RGB–D data together with stereo cameras. We use low–cost devices, such as Microsoft Kinect and a people counter, based on a stereo system. The novelty of our technique concerns the synchronization of multiple devices and the determination of their exterior and relative orientation in space, based on a common world coordinate system. Furthermore, this is used for applying Bundle Adjustment to obtain a unique 3D scene, which is then used as a starting point for the detection and tracking of humans and extract significant metrics from the datasets acquired. In this article, the approaches are described for the determination of the exterior and absolute orientation. Subsequently, it is shown how a common point cloud is formed. Finally, some results for object detection and tracking, based on 3D point clouds, are presented.
A NEW APPROACH FOR AN INCREMENTAL ORIENTATION OF MICRO-UAV IMAGE SEQUENCES
Authors: Reich M. , Unger J. , Rottensteiner F. , Heipke C.
Published: March 2014

Abstract. Civil applications for small size unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have become quite important in recent years and so have accurate orientation and navigation of these devices in unknown terrain. In this work we focus on on-line compatible positioning in facade observation based on monocular low resolution still images acquired by a camera mounted on a UAV. Also, a 3D point cloud of the facade is generated. This allows further processing steps, e.g. navigation assistance, collision avoidance or the evaluation of the point cloud density, verifying completeness of the data. To be able to deal with the increasing amount of observations and unknown parameters we implement an incremental bundle adjustment based on automatically determined tie points and sliding image triplets. The tripletwise orientation allows for an efficient double cross-check of the detected feature points and hence guarantees reliable initial values for the nonlinear bundle adjustment. The initial values are estimated within a convex formulation delivering a sound basis for the incremental adjustment. Our algorithm is evaluated by means of imagery we took of the facade of the Welfenschloss in Hannover, captured from a manually flown Microdrones md4-200 micro-UAV.We compare the orientation results of our approach with an approach in which initial values for the unknown object coordinates are computed algebraically.
Emerging Concepts in Geriatric Psychiatry: an Update on the Canadian Academy of Geriatric Psychiatry Annual Scientific Meeting
Authors: Ismail Zahinoor , Fischer Corinne
Published: March 2014

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Precipitating and Predisposing Events and Symptoms For Admission to Assisted Living or Nursing Home Care
Authors: Rockwood James KH , Richard Matthew , Garden Kathryn , Hominick Kathryn , Mitnitski Arnold , Rockwood Kenneth
Published: March 2014

BackgroundIn Canada, the rise of private-pay assisted living facilities is changing the long-term care landscape. Even so, few clinical implications of having these facilities in the spectrum of care have been studied. Our objective was to compare events and symptoms that might predispose and precipitate a move of older adults to assisted living or to a nursing home.MethodsCross-sectional, descriptive Nova Scotia survey of residents and family members on admission. Health-care use and dementia diagnosis were recorded from the admission record. Dementia was staged using the Global Deterioration Scale and the Dependence Scale. The SymptomGuide, a standardized dementia symptom inventory, was used to assay which symptoms were most influential in the decision to seek long term care. Caregiver stress was elicited by a self-report questionnaire.ResultsOf 353 people admitted during the enrolment period, 174 (49%) took part in the survey. Most (97; 55.7%) were involved in a move from the community to a nursing home, 54 (31.0%) from the community to assisted living, and 23 (13.2%) from assisted living to a nursing home. In each setting, dementia was the commonest predisposing factor (seen in >90%) with a precipitating event seen in 120 (69%) people. The precipitating events included a medical illness (n = 97; 55%) or caregiver illness, death or move (33; 19%). Dependence was associated with place of care, with more severely impaired people more commonly represented in people who moved to nursing homes.ConclusionsPeople move from the community chiefly due to dementia, and often with a precipitant. Compared with a move to assisted living, moving to nursing homes generally indicates greater dependence, and typically worse dementia severity. Even so, assisted-living facilities are not just for the “worried well”, but are used by people with dementia, caregiver stress, and recent hospitalization.
The shortest path algorithm performance comparison in graph and relational database on a transportation network
Authors: Miler Mario , Medak Damir , Odobašić Dražen
Published: March 2014

In the field of geoinformation and transportation science, the shortest path is calculated on graph data mostly found in road and transportation networks. This data is often stored in various database systems. Many applications dealing with transportation network require calculation of the shortest path. The objective of this research is to compare the performance of Dijkstra shortest path calculation in PostgreSQL (with pgRouting) and Neo4j graph database for the purpose of determining if there is any difference regarding the speed of the calculation. Benchmarking was done on commodity hardware using OpenStreetMap road network. The first assumption is that Neo4j graph database would be well suited for the shortest path calculation on transportation networks but this does not come without some cost. Memory proved to be an issue in Neo4j setup when dealing with larger transportation networks.
Ship Lock Control System Optimization using GA, PSO and ABC: A Comparative Review
Authors: Kanović Željko , Bugarski Vladimir , Bačkalić Todor
Published: March 2014

This paper presents the comparison of some well-known global optimization techniques in optimization of an expert system controlling a ship locking process. The purpose of the comparison is to find the best algorithm for optimization of membership function parameters of fuzzy expert system for the ship lock control. Optimization was conducted in order to achieve better results in local distribution of ship arrivals, i.e. shorter waiting times for ships and less empty lockages. Particle swarm optimization, artificial bee colony optimization and genetic algorithm were compared. The results shown in this paper confirmed that all these procedures show similar results and provide overall improvement of ship lock operation performance, which speaks in favour of their application in similar transportation problem optimization.
The Banded Structure and Its Effects on the Transverse Elongation and Textures of Mo Bars
Authors: Wang Shan , Chen Chang , Jia Yanlin , Wang Mingpu
Published: March 2014

The transverse elongation, microhardness, and microstructure of different pure molybdenum bars reduction were investigated at room temperature. The results show that the transverse elongation of draw‐forged pure Mo bars is gradually improved as the reduction of upsetting increases, which approaches a maximum value of 5% after upsetting to 80%. In the draw‐forged molybdenum bars, it forms a 〈011〉 fiber texture. After upsetting deformation, 〈100〉 + 〈111〉 fiber textures are formed. Meanwhile, the orientation density of 〈100〉 fiber and 〈111〉 fiber increases gradually with the increasing reduction of upsetting deformation. The plastic deformation is much heavier and non‐homogeneous in 〈111〉 orientation than that in 〈100〉 orientation. Many banded microstructures, especially microshear bands, are formed in 〈111〉 orientation. Meanwhile, many equiaxed dislocation cells are formed in 〈100〉 orientation. Two models are proposed to explain the evolution of texture. The formation of a 〈110〉 fiber or a 〈100〉 fiber can be explained by a cross‐slip mechanism, and the formation of a 〈111〉 fiber can be explained by a microshear banding mechanism.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes in super‐elderly patients (>85 years) with heart failure: single center observational study in Japan
Authors: Fujii Noriyuki , Naito Kazuyuki , Nakahara Norifumi , Nakano Atsushi , Takagi Satoru
Published: March 2014

Aim

The number of elderly patients with heart failure is increasing in Japan owing to the increase in the aging population. In the field of emergency medicine, the treatment and management of elderly patients with heart failure are key issues. We aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics and outcomes of these patients.

Methods

We enrolled 72 consecutive patients (age, 76.5 ± 12.5 years) with heart failure who were admitted to our hospital between January 1 and December 31, 2010. The characteristics and outcomes of super‐elderly patients aged >85 years (n = 21) were compared with those of patients aged ≤85 years (n = 51).

Results

The overall prevalence of chronic atrial fibrillation was high (43.1%). Underlying diseases, left ventricular function, renal function, in‐hospital mortality, hospital stay period, and major complications were similar between the two groups. The super‐elderly group had a significantly higher mortality rate and lower event‐free survival rate after discharge (log–rank test, P = 0.0018 and P = 0.0032, respectively).

The incidence of readmission for heart failure recurrence was 55.0% in the super‐elderly group and 25.0% in the younger group.

Conclusion

There were no significant differences in the background characteristics and in‐hospital treatment between super‐elderly heart failure patients and younger patients. High mortality and cardiovascular event rates after discharge were observed in the super‐elderly group.
Yokukansan improves distress of medical staff, and cognitive function and motivation in patients with destructive and aggressive behaviors after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Kan'o Tomomichi , Han Jing‐Yan , Nakahara Kuniaki , Konno Shingo , Shibata Mayuko , Kitahara Takao , Soma Kazui
Published: March 2014

Aim

Yokukansan (a Japanese Kampo medicine) has been reported to be safe and useful in treating behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia patients. This study aimed to investigate the effects of yokukansan on destructive and aggressive behaviors in patients after traumatic brain injury.

Methods

From April 2008 to July 2010, 189 patients who suffered traumatic brain injury were admitted to our tertiary emergency center. Of these, patients with destructive and aggressive behaviors were treated with neuroleptics. Seven patients (five men and two women) who could not be controlled by neuroleptics were given yokukansan (2.5 g powder) three times a day before meals. Main underlying conditions included brain contusion in three patients, acute subdural hematoma in two, and acute epidural hematoma in two. The following assessments were carried out at baseline and 1 and 2 weeks after initiation of treatment: the Glasgow Coma Scale for the assessment of disturbed consciousness after traumatic brain injury; Neuropsychiatric Inventory for the distress of medical staff; Mini‐Mental State Examination for cognitive function; Barthel Index for activities of daily living; Vitality Index for motivation; presence of adverse effects and drug interactions.

Results

After treatment with yokukansan, patients showed significant improvements in Glasgow Coma Scale (P = 0.001), Neuropsychiatric Inventory (P = 0.016), Mini‐Mental State Examination (P = 0.029), Barthel Index (P = 0.043), and Vitality Index (P = 0.013). No adverse effects or drug interactions between yokukansan and Western medicines were observed.

Conclusion

Yokukansan improved the Glasgow Coma Scale, Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Mini‐Mental State Examination, Barthel Index, and Vitality Index without any adverse effects or drug interactions with Western medicines in patients with destructive and aggressive behaviors after traumatic brain injury.
Cyclization of Gold Acetylides: Synthesis of Vinyl Sulfonates via Gold Vinylidene Complexes
Authors: Bucher Janina , Wurm Thomas , Nalivela Kumara Swamy , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: March 2014

Differently substituted terminal alkynes that bear sulfonate leaving groups at an appropriate distance were converted in the presence of a propynyl gold(I) precatalyst. After initial formation of a gold acetylide, a cyclization takes place at the β‐carbon atom of this species. Mechanistic studies support a mechanism that is related to that of dual gold‐catalyzed reactions, but for the new substrates, only one gold atom is needed for substrate activation. After formation of a gold vinylidene complex, which forms a tight contact ion pair with the sulfonate leaving group, recombination of the two parts delivers vinyl sulfonates, which are valuable targets that can serve as precursors for cross‐coupling reactions, for example.
Stomach cancer incidence in Southern Portugal 1998–2006: A spatio‐temporal analysis
Authors: Papoila Ana L. , Riebler Andrea , Amaral‐Turkman Antónia , São‐João Ricardo , Ribeiro Conceição , Geraldes Carlos , Miranda Ana
Published: March 2014

Stomach cancer belongs to the most common malignant tumors in Portugal. Main causal factors are age, dietary habits, smoking, and Helicobacter pylori infections. As these factors do not only operate on different time dimensions, such as age, period, or birth cohort, but may also vary along space, it is of utmost interest to model temporal and spatial trends jointly. In this paper, we analyze incidence of stomach cancer in Southern Portugal between 1998 and 2006 for females and males jointly using a spatial multivariate age‐period‐cohort model. Thus, we avoid age aggregation and allow the exploration of heterogeneous time trends between males and females across age, period, birth cohort, and space. Model estimation is performed within a Bayesian setting assuming (gender specific) smoothing priors. Our results show that the posterior expected rate of stomach cancer is decreasing for all counties in Southern Portugal and that males around 70 have a two times higher risk of getting stomach cancer compared with their female counterparts. We further found that, except for some few counties, the spatial influence is almost constant over time and negligible in the southern counties of Southern Portugal.
Assembly of Palladium(II) and Platinum(II) Metallo‐Rectangles with a Guanosine‐Substituted Terpyridine and Study of Their Interactions with Quadruplex DNA
Authors: Ghosh Sushobhan , Mendoza Oscar , Cubo Leticia , Rosu Frédéric , Gabelica Valérie , White Andrew J. P. , Vilar Ramon
Published: March 2014

Two novel [2+2] metallo‐assemblies based on a guanosine‐substituted terpyridine ligand (1) coordinated to palladium(II) (2 a) and platinum(II) (2 b) are reported. These supramolecular assemblies have been fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy, ESI mass spectrometry and elemental analyses. The palladium(II) complex (2 a) has also been characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies confirming that the system is a [2+2] metallo‐rectangle in the solid state. The stabilities of these [2+2] assemblies in solution have been confirmed by DOSY studies as well as by variable temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy. The ability of these dinuclear complexes to interact with quadruplex and duplex DNA was investigated by fluorescent intercalator displacement (FID) assays, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) melting studies, and electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). These studies have shown that both these assemblies interact selectively with quadruplex DNA (human telomeric DNA and the G‐rich promoter region of c‐myc oncogene) over duplex DNA, and are able to induce dimerization of parallel G‐quadruplex structures.
Species and Characteristics of Organic Phosphorus in Surface Sediments of Northwest Region of Taihu Lake, Eastern China
Authors: Yuan Hezhong , Liu Enfeng , Pan Wei , Geng Qifang , An Shuqing
Published: March 2014

Various organic phosphorus species in surface sediments from the northwest area of Taihu Lake, China, were measured using organic phosphorus fractionation scheme and the relationships among total organic carbon and different phosphorus species including total phosphorus (TP), total inorganic phosphorus, total organic phosphorus (TOP), microbial biomass P (Biomass‐Po), fulvic‐associated P (FA‐Po), humic‐associated P (HA‐Po), and residual P were also investigated. The results showed that large amounts of phosphorus were associated by organic matter. Organic phosphorus was the important phosphorus species and accounted for 20–50% of TP. TOP, HA‐Po, and Biomass‐Po concentrations decreased from the northwest to southeast region of the lake on the whole. HA‐Po accounting for 34–46% of TOP displayed an unstable trend and was easier to be transformed to other phosphorus species. FA‐Po was relatively stable and did not directly contribute to internal loading of phosphorus. Significant and positive correlation between HA‐Po and other species indicated that HA‐Po and Biomass‐Po were easier to transform to inorganic phosphorus which could be ingested by aquatic organism directly and responsible for high primary productivity of northwest of Taihu Lake.
Colour words and their uses
Authors: Hutchings John B.
Published: March 2014

Popular usage of colour words as parts of speech obey certain rules according to whether they are population dependent and whether use demands a degree of colour vision. The word green refers to that colour most of us see, recognize and categorize as being of the colour called green. But, colours and colour words are to do with emotion as well as perception. What can we learn from the greatest writers, artists and musical composers; how do they, for example, regard green? From them we learn that we perceive colours with our ears as well as our eyes and, in an emotional sense, a colour word means or is associated with just what the writer intends. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 40, 111–113, 2015
Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxypyrrole) and Metal‐Free Organic Dyes
Authors: Zhang Jinbao , Häggman Leif , Jouini Mohamed , Jarboui Adel , Boschloo Gerrit , Vlachopoulos Nick , Hagfeldt Anders
Published: March 2014

Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxypyrrole) (PEDOP), combined with metal‐free organic sensitizers, is efficiently used for the first time as the hole‐transporting material in solid‐state dye‐sensitized solar cells. Devices employing PEDOP as the hole conductor and D35 or D21 L6 as the sensitizer show a ten‐times‐higher energy‐conversion efficiency (of 4.5 % and 3.3 %, respectively) compared to Ru‐Z907‐based devices. This is due to the efficient suppression of electron recombination.
Hydrogenolysis of Cellulose over Cu‐Based Catalysts—Analysis of the Reaction Network
Authors: Tajvidi Kameh , Hausoul Peter J. C. , Palkovits Regina
Published: March 2014

A series of polyols, carbohydrates, and cellulose were tested in the aqueous, CuO/ZnO/Al2O3‐catalyzed hydrogenolysis reaction at 245 °C and 50 bar H2. The compositions of liquid‐phase products were analyzed; based on these results a unified reaction mechanism is proposed that accounts for the observed product distribution. Elementary transformations such as dehydration, dehydrogenation/hydrogenation, Lobry de Bruyn–van Ekenstein isomerization and retro‐aldol cleavage were identified as most important for controlling the selectivity of simple polyols and carbohydrates. For cellulose the product distribution is considerably different than for glucose or sorbitol, indicating a change in the reaction pathway. Therefore, next to the traditional hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond, an additional depolymerization mechanism involving only the reducing ends of cellulose oligomers is proposed to account for this observation.