bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The practice of providing comprehensive assistance to children the practice of providing comprehensive assistance to children and adolescents with suicidal and non-suicidal self-harming behavior in the Altai territory. Prevention, rehabilitation, destigmatization
Authors: Vedyashkin V. N.
Published: June 2022

The article contains detailed statistical characteristics of the suicidal behavior of minors in Altai Krai over the past three years. It describes the experience of organizational and methodical work for the prevention and rehabilitation of children and adolescents with suicidal behavior. The gradual formation assistance to a suicide of the child population in the region is also reflected.
Hospital-Based Rapid Recovery Protocol in Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Spadaccini Carmine J.
Published: June 2022

This review aims to determine the elements a hospital-based knee arthroplasty program should consider when developing a rapid recovery protocol. It will examine the perioperative pathway and how a program can break down each phase for success. Secondary objectives of this review include how and why the culture surrounding knee arthroplasty has changed and why it is in a hospital's best interest to adopt a rapid recovery pathway in light of this new landscape. An extensive search was performed through databases which included Still OneSearch, EBSCOhost, and PubMed. Sources aligned with the review's objectives. Inclusion criteria involved primary sources, secondary sources, and peer-reviewed articles less than 5 years old. On finding primary and secondary sources, reference sections provided additional materials to ensure high-quality research.

Outpatient knee arthroplasty has gained interest in the past 10 years, and rapid recovery protocols have helped promote this likely development. The rapidly changing landscape surrounding knee arthroplasty was triggered by insurance companies and pushed even further because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Developing a rapid recovery protocol in the hospital setting involves a change in overall culture, interprofessional participation, and patient and family cooperation. Although not an easy task, adopting a rapid recovery protocol for knee arthroplasty has been shown to improve overall patient outcomes by decreasing length of stay, decreasing complications, and increasing discharge home rates. Along with improved outcomes, we have improvements in patient satisfaction and overall cost savings.
Origin of the Paleoproterozoic “Giant Quartz Reef” System in the Bundelkhand Craton, India: Constraints from Fluid Inclusion Microthermometry, Raman Spectroscopy, and Geochemical Modelling
Authors: Rout Duttanjali , Panigrahi Mruganka K. , Mernagh Terrence P. , Pati Jayanta K.
Published: June 2022

The Bundelkhand “giant quartz reef” (BGQR) system comprises 20 major quartz reefs which run for tens of km in strike length of average width of 40 m and occurs in spatial intervals of 12–19 km in the Bundelkhand craton, North Central India. The BGQR system is distinct from quartz vein systems originating from crustal scale shearing observed in ancient as well as modern convergent tectonic settings. Fluid inclusions studied in BGQR system are intriguingly diverse although dominated by aqueous fluid which exhibit a broad range of salinity from ~0 to 28.9 wt% NaCl equivalent and temperature of homogenization range of 58 to 385°C. Primary and pseudosecondary aqueous inclusions in assemblages in grain interiors and growth zones vary randomly in their Th—salinity characteristics that preclude identification of discrete fluid events. Aqueous fluid in the BGQR system evolved through mixing of two distinct sources of fluids—a meteoric fluid and a moderate temperature—moderate salinity fluid that was possibly derived from the Bundelkhand granodiorite based on an important clue provided by hydrous mineral bearing fluid inclusions detected by Raman microspectrometry. The results of modeling with PHREEQC indicate that mixing of fluids could be a suitable mechanism in formation of these giant reefs. The available 1-dimensional diffusive transport model for deposition of silica helps in putting constraints on the time span of deposition of silica in the context of the BGQR system. The BGQR system is a possible result of shallow-crustal sources of fluid and silica and could be visualized as a “Paleoproterozoic geothermal system” in a granitic terrane.
The Ultimate Breakthrough for Drilling Automation May Be Simply Finding a Business Case
Authors: Jacobs Trent
Published: June 2022

The biggest meeting of the year dedicated solely to the topic of drilling automation revealed that the ultimate barrier facing this emerging development is not the technology. It’s how the business of drilling is done.

This is according to many of the technical professionals that participated in a recent symposium held jointly by SPE’s Drilling Systems Automation Technical Section (DSATS) and the IADC’s Advanced Rig Technology Committee.

The annual event held in conjunction with the IADC/SPE International Drilling Conference and Exhibition departed from its usual format of speakers issuing well-rehearsed presentations.

Instead, it took on the form of a multipronged focus group that saw dozens of participants hailing from operators, drilling contractors, and service companies who huddled into the four corners of a conference ballroom in Galveston, Texas. Their chief objective was to help update the DSATS’s “roadmap” that identifies which technological breakthroughs are needed to bring about a true step change in drilling automation by 2025.

But as that year draws near, the odds of reaching most of the key milestones are dimming, and so, the symposium leaders decided to instead look toward what should be achieved by 2030.

What DSATS wants to see become possible in the coming years is a rig in which “well plans are uploaded into an interoperable drilling system that automatically delivers a quality wellbore into the best geological location.”

Though we have seen pieces of drilling automation come together in recent years—among others, this includes automated rig floors and automated rotary steerable systems (RSS)—we have not seen a truly automated rig as outlined above.

And few of those attending the meeting expressed optimism that such a development is within reach.

“We are not trending toward hitting this vision in 2025,” said Esben Thorup, who was speaking from the perspective of an offshore drilling contractor. “We see pilot projects heading in the right direction, but wide adoption of automation is not happening.”

Thorup is the head of digital innovation with Maersk Drilling (and soon to be Noble Corp. upon the impending finalization of a $3.4 billion merger announced in November 2021). He was one of several panelists tapped to lead the four focus groups and offer back to the entire gathering some key points raised during those discussions.

For Thorup, the biggest thorn in the side of drilling automation is the business case, or lack thereof.

“We would absolutely love to put automation systems on all of our rigs,” he said while noting that some automated components have been deployed on Maersk’s rigs. “But we are not necessarily being rewarded often.”

Dan Hoffarth, CEO of onshore contractor Citadel Drilling, led another group and seemed to echo his offshore counterpart in asking the big question of the day: “Does our business model work as individual companies?”
Role of Zn and Polyaniline in Magnetic Nanocomposites and Enhanced Arsenic Adsorption Capacity in Wastewater
Authors: Thi Tran Minh , Lam Nguyen Mau , Tung Do Khanh , Nghia Nguyen Manh , Van Duong Quoc , Manh Vu Quoc , Viet Nguyen Thi Bich , Linh Duong Khanh , Trung Vu Quoc , Chinh Nguyen Thuy , Hoang Thai
Published: June 2022

The nanoparticles of Polyaniline/Fe0.90Zn0.10Fe2O4 (PANI/Fe0.90Zn0.10Fe2O4) were synthesized by a co-precipitation method and an in-situ polymerization method. XRD patterns showed that the Fe0.90Zn0.10Fe2O4 grain size about 11.8 nm, while TEM image showed grain size from 10 to 18 nm. The results of FT-IR spectra and DTA analyses showed that PANI participated in nanocomposite samples. The grain size of PANI/Fe0.90Zn0.10Fe2O4 samples measured by SEM was about 35–50 nm. The magnetization measurements showed that the saturation magnetic moment of PANI/Fe0.90Zn0.10Fe2O4 samples at 300 K decreased from 71.5 to 43 emu/g when PANI/Fe0.90Zn0.10Fe2O4 mass ratio increased from 0–40%. The arsenic adsorption capacity of nanocomposite samples with different PANI concentration was investigated in solutions of pH 1 to pH 14. The qmax maximum arsenic adsorption capacities were calculated by the Langmuir isotherm equation at pH 7 and 300 K. The evaluated results show that with mass ratio of 0.9%, the sample S1 with qmax = 43.48 mg/g is higher than that Fe3O4 nanoparticles. In addition, the substitution of Fe2+ ions by Zn2+ ions in Fe0.90Zn0.10Fe2O4 and PANI coating were improving more magnetic and chemical stable of samples over time. Other hand, these materials could be reused after desorption in solution at pH 14.
Research plan for evaluating user satisfaction of public art museums through on-site survey using Indicators for Art Museums (IAM) scale with three question sections
Authors: Iwakiri Momone , Moteki Yasutoshi
Published: June 2022

We examine the methods for evaluating user satisfaction in public art museums. Specifically, we will conduct a multi-group questionnaire survey of museum users on their satisfaction with the services provided by public museums. Using selective multigroup principal component regression analysis—which combines principal component analysis and multiple regression analysis—we will statistically examine the factors that public art museums should emphasize when providing services to their users. The four-page questionnaire will comprise three sections: hardware (building and interior), software (staff responses), and exhibition content. We named the survey scale the Indicators for Art Museums’ (IAM’s) user satisfaction scale. The eventual survey will be conducted at the Higashihiroshima City Museum of Art for six business days on the third week of August 2022. Self-administered questionnaires will be distributed to visitors to the special exhibition. Our proposed scale is simpler than the existing SERVQUAL-based survey framework, which is a 5-section scale, and can reduce the burden on respondents and increase the response rate. Learning the opinions of those in charge of art museums from the very beginning of the formulation of the research framework also aids in the accuracy of the analytical model to be applied.
Households’ Censored Mobile Phone Spending and Its Determinants in Turkey: An Inverse-Hyperbolic Sine Double-hurdle Model
Authors: Cengiz Vedat , urak faruk , Bilgic Abdulbaki , Yen Steven T , Efekan Erkan
Published: June 2022

The roles of socio-demographic and economic characteristics in the probability and levels of household mobile phone spending were determined by estimating the inverse hyperbolic sine double-hurdle model (IHS-DH). Data were obtained from the Household Budget Surveys conducted by the Turkish Statistical Institute (TSI) during 2019. The IHS-DH model has a statistical advantage over all other competing models. In addition, statistical test results have provided support for the heteroscedastic error specification and use of instruments in parameter identification. Findings suggest that most of the socio-demographic and economic characteristics of the household and the head of household have significant effects on the probability to spend and levels of spending on mobile phones. In particular, the creation of different policy and intervention structures suitable for the statistically significant characteristics of the family will both ensure the efficiency of resource allocation and facilitate the adoption of appropriate marketing strategies in the country. The Global System for Mobile Communications operators are thought to be one of the biggest beneficiaries of the returns to be received from all kinds of subventions or investment incentives made in areas where the telecommunication infrastructure is insufficient.
Compact modelling of nanocluster functionality as a higher-order neuron.
Authors: Lawrence Celestine
Published: June 2022

Disordered nanoclusters with multi-electrode input-output functionality had recently been experimentally realized with energy-efficient and emergent computational capacity, and thus an interconnected network of several such nanoclusters had been proposed to realize artificial neural networks. To aid that end, here we show that nanocluster functionality can be fit to the simplest dendritic neuron model, where the only form of nonlinearity is due to multiplicative interactions. This work brings in to the spotlight higher-order neural networks (known for their efficient encoding of geometric invariances) to serve as an explainable baseline model of nano-networks against which experimentalists can compare more sophisticated models (deep neural networks or physics-based models such as the lin-min network introduced here); and provides ground for designing novel approximate hardware and a statistical mechanics analysis of the learning performance of interconnected nanoclusters vs. perceptrons (where neurons output a nonlinear function of the weighted sum of their inputs). A network with just 10 higher-order neurons is shown to achieve a classification accuracy of more than 96% on the MNIST benchmark for handwritten digit recognition (which required 100 times more neurons in 3-layer perceptrons).
Development and validation of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire to assess free sugar intake among Sri Lankan preschool children
Authors: Mututanthri Shanika , Thoradeniya Tharanga , Samaranayake Anil , Harris Rebecca
Published: June 2022

Background
Monitoring the free sugar intake of preschool children is important for population health surveillance and evaluation of community-wide efforts at noncommunicable diseases and dental caries prevention. Appropriate dietary assessment tools are also needed to underpin clinical prevention for patients. Thus, an appropriate dietary assessment tool applicable for large-scale, community-based studies without an excessive participant burden is needed, such as a quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) that assesses dietary data retrospectively. Such tools also need to be tailored and validated for the cultural context and population concerned. Sri Lanka is currently lacking such a tool for use among its preschool population.
Methods
In the development phase, a sample of 518 preschool children and their caregivers were selected from preschools in the District of Colombo, Sri Lanka. Three 24-hour dietary recalls (24hDR) were collected from each child and based on that, a 67-item FFQ was developed, including commonly consumed free sugar-containing food items. In the validation phase, 108 pairs of preschool children aged 04-05-years, and their caregivers participated. The relative validity of the FFQ was assessed by comparing it with three, (24hDRs). The test-retest reliability was assessed by repeated application of the FFQ to the same population after six weeks.
Results
The free sugar intake values calculated from the FFQ when compared with three, 24hDRs indicated a good correlation, good agreement in cross classifying participants to tertiles based on their free sugar intake levels and a good agreement in bland and Altman graphs at different food group levels and total free sugar intake. The FFQ measured sugar intake levels slightly higher than three 24-hour dietary recalls. Similarly, the free sugar intake values calculated by repeated application of the FFQ also showed a good agreement at the group and individual levels as well as a good correlation.
Conclusion
The newly developed quantitative FFQ was found as a valid and reliable instrument to assess the free sugar intake among preschool children quantitatively as a total or by different food and beverage group levels.
Understanding Pseudopapilledema on Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Bassi Shikha Talwar , Pamu Ramesh , Varghese Anjaly
Published: June 2022

Objective
Optic nerve head drusen (ONHD), peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass like structures (PHOMS) and horizontal hyperreflective lines (HHL) are commonly seen in eyes with pseudopapilledema on enhanced depth imaging (EDI) spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) .The objective of this study is to assess the frequency of ONHD, PHOMS and HHL on spectral domain OCT in the eyes diagnosed to pseudopapilledema
Methods
A retrospective case control study included patients diagnosed as pseudopapilledema and EDI SD OCT imaging of the optic nerve head (n = 48 eyes) and controls (n = 20 eyes) Volumetric OCT scans through the optic nerve head were studied to diagnose ONHD, HHL and PHOMS. One proportion z test was used to find the difference in proportions .
Results
48 eyes of 27 subjects were studied. ONHD as described by the optic disc drusen study consortium was noted in 19 eyes (39.48%), p value-0.032 ,PHOMS in 31 eyes (64.6%),p value 0.043,HL in 19 eyes (39.48%) ,p value-0.032, and none of the normals had ONHD,PHOMS and HHL.
Conclusions
PHOMS are more frequently seen than ONHD and HHL in eyes with pseudopapilledema.
Idarubicin and Epirubicin in the induction treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: wang jing , Hu Bin-Fei , Wang Guan-Ling
Published: June 2022

Purpose: Anthracyclines are indispensable drugs for induction therapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Idarubicin (IDA) and Epirubicin (EPI) are the most frequently used anthracyclines agents. Here, we report a retrospective study comparing the acute toxicities of the two drugs in pediatric ALL. Methods: From April 2018 to 2021, we enrolled forty-one children with untreated ALL. Patients were assigned to induction therapy, consisting of either EPI (30 mg/m2 ) or IDA (8 mg/m2). Acute hematological and cardiac toxicities which consisted of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), Echocardiography, Peripheral blood cell count,and minimal residual disease (MRD) were evaluated. Results: Ultrasound cardiography and BNP revealed no significant difference in terms of cardiac function between groups. What’s more, acute hematological toxicity during the early stage was similar between the two groups. Further, MRD between the two groups were identical.Conclusions: We found that acute hematological and cardiac toxicity were approximately the same between the two groups during induction chemotherapy.
Identifying Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease from Integrative Omics and Clustering in Lung Tissue
Authors: Hobbs Brian D , Morrow Jarrett D , Wang Xu-Wen , Liu Yang-Yu , DeMeo Dawn L , Hersh Craig P , Celli Bartolome R , Bueno Raphael , Criner Gerard J , Silverman Edwin K , Cho Michael H
Published: June 2022

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a highly morbid and heterogenous disease. While COPD is defined by spirometry, many COPD characteristics are seen in cigarette smokers with normal spirometry. The extent to which COPD and COPD heterogeneity is captured in omics of lung tissue is not known. Methods: We clustered gene expression and methylation data in 78 lung tissue samples from former smokers with normal lung function or severe COPD. We applied two integrative omics clustering methods: 1) Similarity Network Fusion (SNF) and 2) Entropy-Based Consensus Clustering (ECC). Results: SNF clusters were not significantly different by percentage of COPD cases (48.8% vs. 68.6%, p = 0.13), though were different according to median forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) % predicted (82 vs. 31, p=0.017). In contrast, the ECC clusters showed stronger evidence of separation by COPD case status (48.2% vs. 81.8%, p = 0.013) and similar stratification by median FEV1 % predicted (82 vs. 30.5, p=0.0059). ECC clusters using both gene expression and methylation were identical to the ECC clustering solution generated using methylation data alone. Both methods selected clusters with differentially expressed transcripts enriched for interleukin signaling and immunoregulatory interactions between lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells. Conclusions: Unsupervised clustering analysis from integrated gene expression and methylation data in lung tissue resulted in clusters with modest concordance with COPD, though were enriched in pathways potentially contributing to COPD-related pathology and heterogeneity.
Status and physiological significance of circulating adiponectin in the very old to centenarians
Authors: Sasaki Takashi , Nishimoto Yoshinori , Hirata Takumi , Abe Yukiko , Hirose Nobuyoshi , Takayama Michiyo , Takebayashi Toru , Okano Hideyuki , Arai Yasumichi
Published: June 2022

High levels of circulating adiponectin are associated with increased insulin sensitivity, low diabetes prevalence, and low BMI; however, high levels of circulating adiponectin are also associated with increased mortality in the 60s and 70s. This study analyzes the characteristics and physiological significance of circulating high-molecular-weight (cHMW) adiponectin levels in the very old (85–89 years old) and centenarians. We found that cHMW adiponectin levels increased significantly beyond 100 years of age, were negatively associated with diabetes prevalence, and were associated with single nucleotide variants in CDH13 and ADIPOQ. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that genetic variants, BMI, and lipids were major factors associated with cHMW adiponectin levels in the very old. However, the same factors showed less or no association in centenarians. High levels of cHMW adiponectin in very older men with low BMI were significantly associated with mortality, while no such relationship was found for very older women or centenarians.
Salinity causes widespread restriction of methane emissions from inland waters
Authors: Soued Cynthia , Finlay Kerri , Bortolotti Lauren , Jensen Sydney , Leavitt Peter , Mueller Peka , Wissel Björn , Bogard Matthew
Published: June 2022

Inland waters are the largest natural source of methane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas, but models and estimates of aquatic CH4 cycling and emissions were developed in soft-water ecosystems and may not apply to globally abundant salt-rich inland waters. Here we show that elevated salinity constrains microbial CH4 cycling restricting aquatic emissions at large scales. Our survey of the Canadian Prairie ecozone demonstrates that salinity interacts with organic matter availability to shape CH4 patterns across aquatic networks (rivers, lakes, wetlands, and agricultural ponds). Current empirical models, biased toward solute-poor surface waters, overestimated CH4 concentrations and emissions measured in hardwater systems by up to several orders of magnitude, with discrepancies strongly linked to salinity. Models were particularly inaccurate for bubble-mediated emissions from small lentic systems, one of the largest sources of aquatic CH4 globally. Elevated salinity reduced aquatic CH4 emissions by an estimated 81 % in the Canadian Prairies, and could result in a 7.8 % overestimation of global lentic emissions. Widespread salinization of inland waters under future land use and climate regimes could further restrict methane emissions.
Steatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma: morphological diagnostic criteria and clinicopathological characteristics
Authors: Trapani Loïc , Beaufrère Aurélie , Hobeika Christian , Codjia Tatiana , Albuquerque Miguel , Bouattour Mohammed , Lesurtel Mickael , Cauchy François , Paradis Valerie
Published: June 2022

According to the WHO, steatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma (SH-HCC) is a distinct HCC subtype. Its prevalence and prognosis vary depending on the study, probably because of lack of a consensus pathological definition. The objectives of the study were to carefully describe the morphological features of SH-HCC to propose a relevant pathological definition and evaluate its impact on prognosis. We conducted a single-centre retrospective study including 297 surgically resected HCC. Pathological features of the tumor including SH criteria (steatosis, ballooning, Mallory-Denk bodies, fibrosis, and inflammation) were assessed. The diagnosis of SH-HCC was initially based upon the presence of at least 4 of the 5 SH criteria and the SH component represented > 50% of the tumor area. According to this definition, a total of 39 (13%) HCC cases corresponded to SH-HCC and 30 cases (10%) corresponded to HCC with SH component (< 50%). SH criteria were distributed as follows: ballooning :100% in SH-HCC vs 11% in non–SH-HCC, fibrosis:100% vs 81%, inflammation:100% vs 67%, steatosis :92% vs 8%, and Mallory-Denk bodies :74% vs 3%. Five-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) and 5-year overall survival (OS) were similar for SH-HCC and non–SH-HCC cases (p = 0.413; and p = 0.866, respectively). The percentage of SH component does not impact OS and DFS (p = 0.589; and p = 0.443). Based on these results, we propose a simplified definition of SH-HCC based on ballooning as a major criterion with at least 2 other SH criteria regardless the extent of SH component. Eighty-three HCC (28%) corresponded to SH-HCC according to this definition, including all HCC classified initially as SH-HCC and HCC NOS with SH contingent. Finally, we confirm in a large cohort the high prevalence of SH-HCC and propose a simplified SH-HCC definition that could be easily applied in routine practice.
Relationship between clozapine exposure and the onset of appendicitis in schizophrenia patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kawakita Yuta , Takeshima Masahiro , Komatsu Kazunari , Imanishi Aya , Fujiwara Dai , Itoh Yu , Mishima Kazuo
Published: June 2022

Objective:Clozapine may cause serious side effects despite benefits in patients with schizophrenia. Thus, an accurate understanding of the side-effect profile of clozapine is extremely important in the management of its administration to patients with schizophrenia. Our aim was to validate the relationship between clozapine exposure and appendicitis onset in patients with schizophrenia.Methods:In this study, we retrospectively compared the incidence and cumulative incidence of appendicitis in patients with schizophrenia with and without a history of clozapine exposure. Among the patients with schizophrenia who visited our hospital between June 2009 and August 2021, we extracted those with a history of clozapine treatment. Patients with a history of taking clozapine were defined as the clozapine exposure group, while the others were defined as the clozapine non-exposure group. Patients with a history of appendectomy or clozapine use at other hospitals were excluded. Results:There were 65 patients in the clozapine exposure group and 400 patients in the clozapine non-exposure group who met the inclusion criteria. The exposure group exhibited a remarkably higher incidence of appendicitis during the observation period than the non-exposure group (863 cases vs. 124 cases per 100,000 person-years). In particular, if limited to the period of clozapine exposure, the incidence of appendicitis is extremely high, at 2,086 cases per 100,000 person-years. Moreover, the multivariable analysis showed that clozapine exposure during adolescence is a risk factor for appendicitis onset.Conclusions:Clozapine exposure is associated with appendicitis onset in patients with schizophrenia.
Modifiable lifestyle factors have a larger contribution to colorectal neoplasms than family history
Authors: Wang Shuyuan , Yuan Zhen , Wang Yuqi , Zhao Xuanzhu , Gao Weifeng , Li Hongzhou , Zhao Yuanshun , Zhang Zili , Liang Shuiqing , Liu Zhaoce , Zhang Qinghuai , Ma Hong , Zhang Xipeng , Cui Wei , Zhang Chunze
Published: June 2022

Background: Screening recommendations for colorectal cancer (CRC) are mainly based on family history rather than lifestyle risk factors. We aimed to assess and compare risk factors for colorectal neoplasm (CRN) and evaluate trends in the detection rates of CRNs during the first 10 years of a screening program.Methods: This large cross-sectional study included 89,535 individuals who underwent colonoscopies within the CRC screening program in Tianjin, China, from 2012-2020. Of these, 41,221 average-risk individuals with completed and high-quality questionnaires were included for analysis.Results: Among 41,221 individuals, 17,823 (39.3%) individuals had nonadvanced CRN, 2,688 (6.0%) had advanced adenomas, and 693 (1.5%) had CRC. The population attributable fractions (PAFs) of current smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, BMI and family history of CRC, respectively, were 8.9%, 2.6%, 1.9%, 5.8%, and 1.1% for males with nonadvanced CRN; 12.3%, 7.3%, 4.9%, 7.2%, and 0.8% for males with advanced CRN; 3.4%, 0.4%, 2.1%, 7.8%, and 0.7% for females with nonadvanced CRN; and 4.3%, 0.2%, 8.2%, 8.5%, and -0.6% for females with advanced CRN. The PAFs of selected lifestyle factors were 19.9% for males with nonadvanced CRN, 29.0% for males with advanced CRN, 9.7% for females with nonadvanced CRN and 13.8% for females with advanced CRN.Conclusions: Modifiable lifestyle factors, including smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and BMI, have a larger contribution to CRN than family history of CRC. These findings may be helpful for optimizing risk stratification in population-based screening and cancer control strategies in China.
Multi-tissue architecture of the adaptive immune receptor repertoire in the cynomolgus macaque
Authors: Zhu Yan , Tang Haipei , Guan Junjie , Xie Wenxi , Chen Sen , Lan Chunhong , Ma Cuiyu , Zeng Huikun , Yang Xiujia , Wang Qi-Long , Wei Lai , Zhang Zhenhai , Yu Xueqing
Published: June 2022

The adaptive immune receptor repertoire (AIRR), consisting of B and T cell receptors (BCRs and TCRs), is critical for human health, and the constitution of the AIRR is tissue-specific. However, the similarity of AIRRs in different tissues, especially with respect to BCR isotypes, remains unclear. Because it is extremely hard to acquire multi-organ tissues from human donors, we investigated the AIRR architecture of the cynomolgus macaque (CM) – the predominant non-human primate model in biomedical research. Using ultra-deep TCR and isotype-specific BCR repertoire sequencing from 22 and 25 tissues, respectively, in three CMs, we revealed 85 novel IGHV allele candidates, 57 of which were verifiable using Sanger sequencing, and 117 TRBV allele candidates. These novel IGHV and TRBV alleles are specific to individual CMs, which suggests high genetic heterogeneity. We also found heterogeneous patterns of V gene usage that varied by individual, isotype (for BCRs only), tissue group, and tissue. The large and small intestines of the CMs contained a high number of intra-group shared clones, but fewer shared clones were identified in other tissues, suggesting a heterogeneous distribution of TCR and BCR repertoires. Importantly, most of the public clones are shared between tissues and have considerable similarity to those of humans. We also observed significantly higher mutation burdens in the public clones and the inter-tissue shared IgM and IgD clones, which suggests that these clones are targeting common antigens. This study reveals the extensive heterogeneity of the AIRRs at the individual, tissue group, and tissue levels and has broad fundamental and clinical implications. The data generated here will serve as an invaluable resource for future studies on adaptive immunity in health and diseases.
The improvement effect of working through the Silver Human Resources Center on pre-frailty among older people: A two-year follow-up study
Authors: Morishita-Suzuki Kumi , Nakamura-Uehara Momomi , Ishibashi Tomoaki
Published: June 2022

Background:Although the health benefits of working in old age are well known, no research has examined them among older people with pre-frailty. We examined the improvement effect of working through the Silver Human Resources Center (SHRC) on pre-frailty among older people in Japan. Methods:We carried out a two-year longitudinal survey from 2017 to 2019. Among 5,199 older people, the analysis included 531 participants who were judged to be of pre-frailty status at baseline and who completed both surveys. We utilized the records of participants’ work through the SHRC from 2017 to 2019. The evaluation of the frequency of working through the SHRC was categorized as “less-working” (i.e., less than a few times a month), “moderate-working” (i.e., one to two times a week), and “frequent-working” (i.e., more than three times a week). The transition of frailty status was classified as “improved” (from pre-frailty to robust) and “non-improved” (from pre-frailty to pre-frailty or frailty). Logistic regression was used to assess the influence of the frequency of working through the SHRC on the improvement of pre-frailty. The analysis model was adjusted for age, sex, working for financial reward, years of membership, community activities, and health status at baseline. Inverse-probability weighting was used to correct for survival bias in the follow-up period.Results: The improvement rate of pre-frailty during follow-up was 28.9% among the less-working, 40.2% in the moderate-working, and 36.9% in the frequent-working groups. The improvement rate in the less-working group was significantly lower than that in the other two groups (φ = -2.4). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that individuals in the moderate-working group had significantly higher odds of pre-frailty improvement than those in the less-working group (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.14 - 1.90), and no significant differences were found between the frequent-working and less-working groupsConclusions:We found that the participants engaged in moderate working through the SHRC significantly increased their rate of pre-frailty improvement, while frequent working showed no significant association. Therefore, in the future it is important to provide moderate work to older people with pre-frailty according to their health status.
Alginate Co-probiotics Bioencapsulation Facilitates Artemia to Improve Immune Parameters, Gene Expression, Feed Digestibility and Resistance Against Vibrio spp
Authors: Yudiati Ervia , Yulianto Bambang , Sunaryo Sunaryo , Santoso Adi , Suryono Chrisna Adi , Azhar Nuril
Published: June 2022

Alginate is known as an immunostimulant; however, the comprehensive and simultaneous study on its co-activity with Lactobacillus bulgaricus resolves the relationship of feed digestibility, hematological parameters, and upregulation of the regulation of feed digestibility immune-related gene expression, and disease-resistant in Artemia has not been covered. This study aimed to determine the effect of alginate with Lactobacillus bulgaricus bio encapsulated Artemia in Vibrio vulnificus, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. harveyi challenged. Compared to the non-probiotic alginate, co-probiotic L. bulgaricus activated and improved the mortality rate of 400 ppm alginate from 100% to 30–70% at 36 hours with CMI of 276–702 ± 0.00-101.82 and a mortality reduction of 41.21–74.59 ± 0.05–15.90%. The co-activity of 400 ppm alginate and L. bulgaricus resulted in the higher Phenol Oxidase and Superoxide Dismutase Activity. Beta-glucan and proPO gene expression was also upregulated 233.44% and 185.17%, respectively. The gut evacuation time and fullness have also resulted in better performance than 800 ppm alginate without probiotics. Alginate and L. bulgaricus probiotics have cooperated synergically through pre and probiotic mechanisms. This Artemia bio model defines that this combination will reduce alginate as an immunostimulant and cut off the large-scale utilization in ponds.
Exploration of metabolites from gut microbiota against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A network pharmacology-based study
Authors: Oh Ki-Kwang , Gupta Haripriya , Min Byeong Hyun , Ganesan Raja , Sharma Satya Priya , Won Sung Min , Jeong Jin Ju , Lee Su Been , Cha Min Gi , Kwon Goo Hyun , Jeong Min Kyo , Hyun Ji Ye , Eom Jung A , Park Hee Jin , Yoon Sang Jun , Choi Mi Ran , Kim Dong Joon , Suk Ki Tae
Published: June 2022

Background: The metabolites of gut microbiota show favorable therapeutic effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the active metabolites and mechanisms against NAFLD have not been documented. The aim of the study was to investigate the active metabolites and mechanisms of gut microbiota against NAFLD by network pharmacology. Results: We obtained a total of 208 metabolites from the gutMgene database and retrieved 1,256 targets from similarity ensemble approach (SEA) and 947 targets from the SwissTargetPrediction (STP) database. In the SEA and STP databases, we identified 668 overlapping targets and obtained 237 targets for NAFLD. Thirty-eight targets were identified out of those 237 and 223 targets retrieved from the gutMgene database, and were considered the final NAFLD targets of metabolites from the microbiome. The results of molecular docking tests suggest that, of the 38 targets, mitogen-activated protein kinase 8-compound K and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta-myricetin complexes might inhibit the Wnt signaling pathway. The microbiota-signaling pathways-targets-metabolites network analysis reveals that Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, and phenylacetylglutamine are notable components of NAFLD.Conclusion: The key components and potential mechanisms of metabolites from gut microbiota against NAFLD were explored utilizing network pharmacology analyses. This study provides scientific evidence to support the therapeutic efficacy of metabolites for NAFLD and suggests holistic insights for further research.
The DNA binding landscape of four seed-specific bZIP transcription factors in bread wheat: use of Bind-n-seq in vitro analysis
Authors: Shah Koushik , Kaur Raminder , Sharma Nishtha , Jain Prateek , Singh Dalwinder , Mantri Shrikant , Rishi Vikas
Published: June 2022

Sequence-specific transcription factor (TF)-DNA binding is a vital step in biology since it directly regulates genetic information inside the organism. However, the binding sites for many TFs are unknown in plants and animals.Using high-throughput sequencing technologies,studies have shown that TFs, including basic leucine zipper (bZIP), bind to a myriad of sequences, many of which are biologically relevant. bZIPs are eukaryote-specific dimeric TFs, and in plants, they are reported to bind to 8-12 nts sequences (with ACGT core) in the promoter region of many genes. In sedentary plants, they are the conduit for converting environmental cues into gene activity. A key question is what determines bZIP DNA binding specificity.This study adopts the Bind-n-seq methodology, which uses a 108 nts oligonucleotides library with an 18 nts random sequence that either incorporates ACGT tetranucleotides core or a completely random sequence to generate in vitro DNA-bZIP interaction maps of four seed-specific bread wheat bZIPs. Subsequently, de novo binding motifs representing the complete binding landscape for each bZIP were determined. Binding analysis shows a high degree of overlap for bZIP binding to G-box and C-box but with distinct flanking bases, suggesting a discrete role of flanking regions in ordaining TF-DNA binding specificity. From this study binding motifs obtained for Hy5 and Embp-1 show similarity with previously reported sequences, suggesting the protocol's robustness.
Genomic divergence of hatchery and natural origin Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in two supplemented populations
Authors: Ford Michael J , Berntson Ewann , Moran Paul , McKinney Garrett
Published: June 2022

Captive propagation is widely used for the conservation of imperiled populations. There have been concerns about the genetic effects of such propagation, but few studies have measured this directly at a genomic level. Here, we use moderate-coverage (10X) genome sequences from 80 individuals to evaluate the genomic distribution of variation of several paired groups of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). These include 1) captive and natural-origin fish separated by at least one generation, 2) fish within the same generation having high fitness in captivity compared to those with high fitness in the wild, and 3) fish listed as different Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs) under the US Endangered Species Act. The distribution of variation between high fitness captive and high fitness natural fish was nearly identical to that expected from random sampling, indicated that differential selection in the two environments did not create large allele frequency differences within a single generation. In contrast, the samples from distinct ESUs were clearly more divergent than expected by chance, including a peak of divergence near the GREB1L gene on chromosome 28, a gene previously associated with variation in time of return to fresh water. Comparison of hatchery and natural-origin fish within a population fell between these extremes, but the maximum value of FST was similar to the maximum between ESUs, including a peak of divergence on chromosome 8 near the slc7a2 and pdgfrl genes. These results suggest that efforts at limiting genetic divergence between captive and natural fish in these populations have successfully kept the average divergence low across the genome, but at a small portion of their genomes, hatchery and natural salmon were as distinct as individuals from different ESUs.
How does Digital Village Construction Influences Carbon Emission? The Case of China
Authors: Hao Aimin , Hou Yirui , Tan Jiayin
Published: June 2022

Taking 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2020 as a research sample, this paper empirically tests the impact of digital village construction on carbon emissions. This study found that there is an "inverted U" curve relationship between digital rural construction and rural carbon emissions. Agricultural planting structure and agricultural technical efficiency are important ways for digital village construction to produce carbon emission reduction effects. This study also found that the higher the level of economic development, the stronger the carbon emission reduction effect of digital village construction. In addition, there are also significant differences in the carbon emission reduction effect of digital village construction in regions with different environmental regulation intensities. Finally, in terms of the relationship between digital economic activities and carbon emission reduction, the research conclusions of this paper have important implications.
Is COVID-19 infection related to renal infarction: A retrospective analysis of the patients in one center
Authors: Kasap Yusuf , Ceviz Kazım , Polat Muhammed Emin , Şenel Samet , Ölçücüoğlu Esin , Taştemur Sedat , Odabaş Öner
Published: June 2022

Objectives
COVID-19 draws attention with increasing case reports of organ thrombosis due to hypercoagulability. In addition, it is seen as an atypical finding to cause renal infarction. In this study, it was stated that it may be among the risk factors for renal infarction due to hypercoagulation caused by COVID-19 infection.
Methods
57151 patients who were admitted to the hospital with complaints of renal infarction (stomach ache, diarrhea, dyspnea and flank pain) during COVID-19 pandemic between 12.03.2020 and 23.11.2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The COVID-19 PCR test positive 26 patients were included in group 1 and COVID-19 PCR test result negative 60 patients were included in group 2.
Results
The 86 renal infarction cases were diagnosed among all patients. 26 (0.46%) of them were in group 1 and 60 (0.0011%) of them were in group 2. The rate of renal infarction diagnosed patients were significantly higher in group 1 when compared with group 2 (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
COVID-19 may be a risk factor for renal infarction.
Levothyroxine Use and Longitudinal Changes in Thigh Muscles in At-Risk Participants for Knee Osteoarthritis: Preliminary Analysis from Osteoarthritis Initiative Cohort
Authors: Mohajer Bahram , Moradi Kamyar , Guermazi Ali , Mammen Jennifer , Hunter David , Roemer Frank , Demehri Shadpour
Published: June 2022

Background
We examined the association between levothyroxine use and longitudinal MRI biomarkers for thigh muscle mass and composition in at-risk participants for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and their mediatory role in subsequent KOA incidence.
Methods
Using the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) data, we included the thighs and corresponding knees of participants at risk but without established radiographic KOA (baseline Kellgren-Lawrence grade (KL) < 2). Levothyroxine users were defined as self-reported use at all annual follow-up visits until 4th year and were matched with levothyroxine nonusers for potential confounders (KOA risk factors, comorbidities, and relevant medications covariates) using 1:2/3 propensity-score (PS) matching. Using a previously developed and validated deep learning method for thigh segmentation, we assessed the association between levothyroxine use and 4-year longitudinal changes in muscle mass, including cross-sectional area (CSA) and muscle composition biomarkers including intra-MAT (within-muscle fat), contractile percentage (non-fat muscle CSA/total muscle CSA), and specific force (force per CSA). We further assessed whether levothyroxine use is associated with 8-year risk of standard KOA radiographic (KL ≥ 2) and symptomatic incidence (incidence of radiographic KOA and pain on most of the days in the past 12 months). Finally, using a mediation analysis, we assessed whether the association between levothyroxine use and KOA incidence is mediated via muscle changes.
Results
We included 1,043 matched thighs/knees (266:777 levothyroxine users:non-users; average ± SD age: 61 ± 9 years, female/male:4). Levothyroxine use was associated with decreased quadriceps CSAs (mean difference, 95%CI: -16.06 mm2/year, -26.70 – -5.41) but not thigh muscles’ composition (e.g., intra-MAT). Levothyroxine use was also associated with an increased 8-year risk of radiographic (hazard ratio (HR), 95%CI: 1.78, 1.15–2.75 and symptomatic KOA incidence (HR, 95%CI: 1.93, 1.19–3.13). Mediation analysis showed that a decrease in quadriceps mass (i.e., CSA) partially mediated the increased risk of KOA incidence associated with levothyroxine use.
Conclusions
Our exploratory analyses suggest that levothyroxine use is associated with loss of quadriceps muscle mass, which partially mediates increased risk of subsequent KOA incidence. Study interpretation should consider underlying thyroid function as a potential confounder or effect modifier; and therefore, future studies are warranted to investigate the underlying thyroid function biomarkers for longitudinal changes of thigh muscles.
Mitochondrial genome of ‘numbfish’ Narcine timlei (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) and phylogenetic relationships among order Torpediniformes
Authors: Kumar Amit , Prakash S.
Published: June 2022

Narcine timlei (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) is a medium-sized ray known to occur in inshore and offshore waters of the Indo-Pacific region, classified under the ‘vulnerable’ category of the IUCN Red List. This study reports, for the first time, the mitochondrial genome of N. timlei (average coverage ~ 60X) assembled from short Illumina reads 150 bp paired-ends reads. The mitogenome is 17,964 bp in length includes 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes. The gene order, size, and nucleotide compositions were found to be largely consistent with mitogenomic features of previously reported Narcine spp. However, the presence of a putative control region of 1,916 bp with three tandem repeats could be a reason for slightly larger mitogenome size than other Narcine spp. The phylogenetic reconstruction using concatenated PCGs (n = 13) of 9 Torpediniformes based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analysis produced identical topologies. The tree showed two major clades, one clade having members of the family Narcinidae, and the second sister clade comprise of families Narkidae and Torpedinidae. Our result supports the monophyletic nature of Narcinidae based on mtDNA. The information obtained in this study will contribute to a better understanding of population genetics, phylogenetic analysis, conservation, and evolutionary biology research of N. timlei.