bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Characterization of Hydrophilic PVDF Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration Membrane
Authors: Wang Li Guo , Wang Xiu Ju , Wang Ai Min , Liu Wen Juan , Guo Shi Qi , Liu Si Quan
Published: July 2011

Hydrophilic Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes were prepared by wet-spinning method. The effects of technical parameters of acrylic acid grafted onto PVDF on the performance of hydrophilic PVDF membranes were investigated via orthogonal test, the technical parameters of preparation of hydrophilic PVDF membranes were determined, and hydrophilic PVDF membranes were prepared. Then hydrophilic PVDF membranes were characterized in terms of breaking strength, breaking elongation, rupture pressure, pure water flux and rejection. The fouling properties and the conditions of acrylic acid grafted onto PVDF were also examined. The results showed that acrylic acid had been grafted onto PVDF, the breaking strength and rupture pressure improved greatly, and the fouling properties were better than PS hollow fiber UF membrane.
The Application of Genetic Algorithm on Optimization Problem for Mayonnaise Compositions
Authors: Luo Zhi Yang , Zhao Hong Xia , Yuan Xin , Li Yuan
Published: July 2011

For some function optimization problems of non-linear, multi-model and multi-objective, they are difficult to solve by other optimization methods, however, genetic algorithm is easy to find good results, so a kind of optimization problem for mayonnaise compositions based on genetic algorithm is introduced. This termination condition is selected according to the iteration number of maximum generation, the optimal solution of last generation in the evolution is the final result with genetic algorithm to solve optimization problem. The population size is 20, crossover rate is 0.7, and mutation rate is 0.04. Via the evolution of 100 generations, the optimization solution is gotten, which has certain guiding significance for the production.
Py-GC-MS Analysis on Extractives of Phyllostachys pubescens for Biomedical Engineering
Authors: Wu Feng Juan , Peng Wan Xi , Zhang Zhong Feng , Ma Qing Zhi
Published: July 2011

In order to evaluate its potential health risk to biomedical engineering, the extractives of Phyllostachys pubescens were adsorbed and determined by Py-GC-MS. And the main constituents were 1-phenanthrenecarboxylic acid, 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydro-1,4a-dimethyl-7 -(1-methylethyl)-(23.41%), benzofuran, 2,3-dihydro-(3.2%), cyclobutene(2.77%), 1-nonadecene (2.18%), isopropylcyclobutane(2.16%), stigmastan-3,5-diene(2.14%), benzene(2.03%), 1-hexadecene(1.99%), 1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-(1.81%), glycerin(1.75%), 1-hexene(1.64%), phenol, 4-methyl-(1.55%), 2-methyl-1-butene(1.54%), toluene(1.47%), 1,3-cyclohexadiene(1.29%), heptacosane, 1-chloro-(1.17%), phenol, 4-(2-propenyl)- (1.06%), 1-pentadecene(0.96%), pentane, 3-methylene-(0.95%), etc. So the extractives of Phyllostachys pubescens was safe.
Study on Mechanics of GFRP Composite Wood for Timberwork on China Southern Plantation
Authors: Zhang Zhong Feng , Zhou Xian Yan , Li Jin Hao , Wu Feng Juan , Peng Wan Xi
Published: July 2011

In order to select the optimal dimension GFRP cloth for composite wood of timberwork, the mechanics of experimental samples made by China southern plantation were analyzed. The results showed that: GFRP reinforced the wood mechanical properties and the strength was affected by GFRP reinforcement ratio. However, it reduced the strength of internal bonding strength in a low range. As a result, the best dimension GFRP cloth was 145g/m2 grid cloth with grid size 5mm×5mm. moreover. The eucalyptus was fit to make for timberwork.
Identification of Biomedical Constituents of 450 °C Pyrolyzate from Benzene/Ethanol Extractives of Moso Bamboo Root
Authors: Zhang Dang Quan , Guo Lin Lin , Liu Qi Mei , Yue Kun , Wang Li Hui , Wang Fan
Published: July 2011

The bamboo resource is very abundant in China, and both species and yield of bamboo are the first in the world. In the countryside of China, farmers often used the extractives of bamboo root to cure some special diseases; however, the biomedical constituents of extractives of bamboo root are still not completely explained. Therefore, 450 °C pyrolysis- GC/MS technology was used to identify the top value-added biomedical constituents of root-based benzene/ethanol extractives from the richest bamboo species “Moso bamboo”. After treatment of benzene/ethanol extraction, the extractives obtained was fully pyrolyzed at 450 °C in He atmosphere, and then the 450 °C pyrolyzate obtained was analyzed by online-linked GC/MS. Relative content of each component was determined by area normalization. 59 chemical constituents representing 97.62% were identified from 64 peaks. The analytical result showed that the 450 °C pyrolyzate of benzene/ethanol extractives from Moso bamboo root is abundant in biomedical constituents, and also contains other bioactive components, which can be used as top value-added materials of high-grade cosmetic, food, spice, and chemical. The result will be useful to expedite biomedical development of root extractives, and to provide further scientific foundation for its top value-added application of bamboo resources.
The Feature of Laser Deposition of Polymeric Composite Films from an Active Gas Phase
Authors: Liu Zhu Bo , Jiang Xiao Hong , Zhou Bing , Yarmolenko M.A. , Gorbachev D.L. , Fedosenko N.N. , Rogachev Alexander V.
Published: July 2011

The organic-silicon films, polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) films and its composite films with copper have been fabricated from an active gas phase by pulse laser dispersion from initial powder species. The features of all films obtained were studied with the application of attenuated total reﬂection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Our results suggest that the wavelength of laser radiation impact a strong effect on the molecular structure of all films. Specifically, the peaks corresponding to the detachment of C-H bonds in the organic-silicon films and its Cu doped films at a laser wavelength of 532 nm and the destruction of the Si-O-Si groups at 266 nm due to the ultraviolet radiation have been observed. Interestingly, the concentration of Si-С6Н5 groups relative increases with a decremental of the wavelength of laser radiation. In addition, the PTFE films formed at a laser wavelength of 355 nm presented a lower order degree and high amorphous phase, while PTFE-Cu composite films at laser wavelength 266 nm exhibited enhanced crystallinity due to the presence of copper species, wherein being served as nucleation centers. Remarkably, the wavelengths of laser radiation nearly play no effect on the orderness of PTFE-Cu composite films.
Random Critical Fracture Toughness Values of China Railway Grade B Cast Steel Wheel
Authors: Chen Lei , Zhao Yong Xiang , Song Guo Xiang
Published: July 2011

Fracture surface observations and statistical deriving are applied for investigating the random critical fracture toughness values of China grade B cast steel wheel. Results reveal that: the crack grows to show fabric like stripes along the growth direction with few of dimples. Cleavage flowers appear under higher magnification. Cracked structural damage process is verified with few of plastic dissipation. At the same time, code based evaluated results indicate that significant scatter exists for the toughness values. Lognormal modeling is constructed appropriately with a comprehensive statistical comparison method. It is verified that random characters and quantitative measurements have been well depicted for the present critical fracture toughness values.
Acoustic Emission Behaviors of Carbon-Cloth/Epoxy Composites in Compression Test
Authors: Lu Chao , Ding Peng , Chen Zheng Hua
Published: July 2011

In this paper, we use acoustic emission (AE) system to collect the AE signals and analyze the damage evolution during the monotonic compression test. Based on the experimental correlation diagram of the load and characters of the acoustic emission, the reference load of failure was found. The experimental results also revealed the characters of the source of the acoustic emission signals after the wavelet packet decomposition and frequency spectrum analysis. The frequency range of the matrix cracking is on the range of 125~187.5 kHz, while the frequency range of layer debonding is wide, it is not just on the low-frequency range but on the high-frequency range. The frequency of fiber breakage is on the high frequency range, nearly on the range of 375~437.5 kHz.
80°С-Based TD-GC/MS Analysis of Chemical Components from Branches of Cinnamomum camphora
Authors: Liu Qi Mei , Peng Wan Xi
Published: July 2011

The analytical result by 80°С-based TD-GC/MS showed that 65 peaks were obtained from the helium volatiles from the fresh branches of Cinnamomum camphora and 60 chemical compounds were identified. The results showed that the main components were as: 1,3-Benzodioxole, 5-(2-propenyl)- (12.629%), Tricyclo[2.2.1.0(2,6)]heptane, 1,7-dimethyl-7-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-, (-)- (10.302%), 3-Cyclohexene-1-methanol, .alpha.,.alpha.4-trimethyl- (9.084%), Bicyclo[2.2.1] heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1R)- (7.406%), Nerolidol (6.695%), Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, 2-methyl-3-methylene-2-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-, (1S-exo)- (6.017%), Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (.+/-.)- (4.885%), Bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene, 2,6-dimethyl-6-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)- (4.680%), Naphthalene, 1,2,3,5,6,8a-hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-, (1S-cis)- (4.139%), 3-Cyclohexen-1-ol, 4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-, (R)- (3.538%), Copaene (2.749%), Bicyclo[2.2.1] heptan-2-ol, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1S-endo)- (2.643%), Acetic acid, 1,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo [2.2.1]hept-2-yl ester (2.536%), Cyclohexane, bromo- (2.530%), 1,6,10-Dodecatriene, 7,11- dimethyl-3-methylene-, (E)- (1.725%), Naphthalene, 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahydro-7-methyl-4- methylene-1-(1-methylethyl)-, (1.alpha.,4a.beta.,8a.alpha.)- (1.265%), Bicyclo[4.4.0]dec-1-ene, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-9-methylene- (1.174%), (-)-Isosativene (1.149%), 11-Tetradecen-1-ol acetate (1.118%), .alpha.-Cadinol (1.061%), etc. The analytical result suggested that the helium volatiles from the fresh branches of C. camphora could be used as industrial materials of biomedicines, spicery and food industry.
Research on Changes on Blood Plasma ANP of Female Boxer during Training
Authors: Gao Hai Ning , Wang He , Ding Hua , Zhao Bin
Published: July 2011

Objective: In order to prepare for the national competition, change on blood plasma ANP of female boxer in training period was tested. Methods: In six weeks preparing for the training period, test blood plasma ANP on Monday morning in the first, third, fifth, seventh weeks respectively. Results: The analysis revealed: (1) The basis ANP was in lower limit of normal values, with in-depth training, ANP increased gradually, and the levels were significant differences (P<0.01); (2) Subjects grouped according to athletic performance , there was positive correlation between plasma ANP concentration and years of specialized training on elite athletes, correlation coefficient was 0.82, but plasma ANP concentration was not relevant with years of specialized training in general athletes. Conclusions: The longer the training period, the more adaptable remodeling made in heart endocrine capacity, and the higher ANP concentration in resting state.
Py-GC/MS Analysis of Bioactive Components of 550°C Pyrolyzate from Acetone Extractives of Cinnamomum camphora Root Wood
Authors: Hu Xiao Yi , Zhang Dang Quan , Guo Lin Lin
Published: July 2011

The researches are very less about the acetone extractives of rood wood from Cinnamomum camphora, a famous non-wood tree in China. Therefore, 550°C-based Py-GC/MS was used to analyze the high-grade resource recovering approaches of C. camphora root wood. The analytical result showed that the main components of the acetone extractives of C. camphora root wood by 550°C-based pyrolysis- GC/MS are as: Decanoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester (16.720%), 4-Nitrophenyl laurate (9.104%), 1,3-Benzodioxole, 5-(2-propenyl)- (6.3744%), Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1R)- (5.646%), 2-Hydroxy-5-methylbenzohydrazide (3.516%), p-menth-1-en-8-ol (3.279%), Benzene, 1,2-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- (2.686%), Dodecanoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester (2.478%), 2,3-Butanediol, [S-(R*,R*)]- (2.177%), Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy- (2.147%), 2-Oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-6-ol, 1,3,3-trimethyl- (1.642%), Tricyclo [2.2.1.0(2,6)]heptane, 1,7-dimethyl-7-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-, (-)- (1.349%), Bicyclo[2.2.1] heptan-2-ol, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1S-endo)- (1.292%), Acetic acid, 2-acetoxymethyl-1,2,3- trimethylbutyl ester (1.174%), Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- (1.125%), etc. The result of functional analysis suggested that C. camphora root wood can be used as top value-added materials of biomedicine, and also as the materials of bioenergy, perfume, cosmetic, food, dye and industrial solvent.
Bioactive Components Determination of Acetone Extractives from Oil-Tea Cake by 600°C-Based Pyrolysis-GC/MS
Authors: Zeng Yan Ling , Zhang Dang Quan , Peng Kuan
Published: July 2011

A high temperature Pyrolysis (600°C) correlated with GC/MS was used to analyze the bioactive components of acetone extractives from oil-tea cake. The analytical result showed that 44 peaks were obtained from the 600°C pyrolyzate of acetone extractives of oil-tea cake and 42 compounds representing 99.12 % of the total areas were acetone extractives of oil-tea cake by 600°C-based pyrolysis- GC/MS were as: 3',5'-Dimethoxyacetophenone (22.16%), 9-Octadecenal, (Z)- (13.47%), Hexadecanoic Acid (8.36%), Dodecane, 1-Fluoro- (5.19%), Benzothiazole, 2-(Methylthio)- (4.61%), Naphthalene, 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1,4,6-Trimethyl- (3.87%), .Gamma.-Sitosterol (3.16%), Naphthalene, 1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-Octahydro-1,8a-Dimethyl-7-(1-Methyletheny (3.12%), 1,4-Dimethyl-1,2,3,4- Tetrahydronaphthalene (2.69%), Squalene (2.08%), Bis(2-Methoxyethyl) Phthalate (1.83%), Ergost-5-En-3-Ol, (3.Beta.)- (1.65%), etc. The result of function analyses showed that the 600°C pyrolyzate of acetone extractives of oil-tea cake contain abundant components of rare natural medicinal materials, and materials of high-grade spice and cosmetic.
Py-GC/MS Analysis of Bioactive Components of 450°C Pyrolyzate from Ethanol Extractives of Oil-Tea Cake
Authors: Liu Qi Mei , Peng Wan Xi
Published: July 2011

450°C-based pyrolysis- GC/MS technology was used to analyze the bioactive components of ethanol extractives of oil-tea cake. The analytical result showed that 38 peaks were obtained from the 450°C-based pyrolyzate of ethanol extractives of oil-tea cake, and 37 compounds representing 97.81 % of the total areas were identified (Table 1). The analytical result showed that the main components of ethanol extractives of oil-tea cake by 450°C-based pyrolysis- GC/MS were as: Benzene, 1,2,3-Trimethoxy-5-Methyl- (21.56%), Phenol, 3,4-Dimethoxy- (16.31%), 3',5'-Dimethoxyacetophenone (14.37%), 1,2-Ethanediamine, N-Ethyl- (6.62%), Indole (5.39%), Mequinol (4.13%), Phosphonic Acid, (P-Hydroxyphenyl)- (2.97%), 1,2-Cyclobutanedicarboxylic Acid, Cis- (1.67%), Bicyclo 3.1.0 Hexan-3-One (1.38%), Benzene, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2,3,5,6- Tetramethyl- (1.35%), 2h-Azepin-2-One, Hexahydro-1-(2-Propenyl)- (1.15), etc. The results of function analyses showed that the 450°C-based pyrolyzate of ethanol extractives of oil-tea cake can be used as rare natural medicinal materials, and value-added materials of spice, food and cosmetic industry.
Improving of Balling Performance by High Pressure Roll Grinding
Authors: Mo Ya Ping , Fan Jian Jun , Wang Yuan
Published: July 2011

The experiments were conducted based on the study of one kind of ultra fine-sized magnetite concentrate with nearly 85% of the material being less than 0.044mm in size. The preliminary study has shown that this iron concentrate has middle ballabitity(K=0.61) because the iron concentrate characterized with flaky and spherical particle shapes. Such features are detrimental to the granulation of green pellets. Much more research work was carried out on how to improve balling performance by processing this magnetite concentrate with high pressure roll grinding (HPRG). The results indicated that newly-created cracks and edges would appear. Specific surface area of iron concentrate would increase from 2161.72 cm2.g-1 (base case) to 2703.51cm2.g-1 and fine particles percentage (-0.044mm) would increase to 94.69%. For the balling performance experiment, the results revealed that the ballability would increase to 1.59. Drop strength of green pellets would increase from 6.1 times/0.5m to 14.7 times/0.5m. Compression strength of green pellets would increase from 10.5N.P-1 to 12.61N.P-1. But break down temperature would decrease from more than 600°C to 480°C. The whole experiments revealed that HPRG could improve the balling performance of ultra fine-sized magnetite concentrate.
Laminar Flow Analysis of Low Temperature Propellant Flowing through Pipes of Filling System
Authors: Song Jian Jun , Du Xiao Ping , Zhao Ji Guang , Chen Jing Peng , Wang Qiao , Li Xin , Jiang Yu
Published: July 2011

With aiming at the problem of liquid hydrogen flowing through filling system in space launch site, the author set up a math model of laminar flow and coupled with the analysis of laminar flow condition of liquid hydrogen in tube. Based on the computational fluid dynamics, the flow field was studied according to the numerical simulation method. Then, the changes of flow parameters i.e. pressure and velocity at the tube were observed. Simulation results showed that, in the inlet-section, there existed boundary-layer, besides, the velocity and pressure which changed continually was not stable until the liquid hydrogen flowed through on-way. In addition, the velocity distributed in the form of rotary parabolic surface whose axis was the tube’s axis itself in water-carrying section of on-way. The velocity near the surface of the tube was about zero and the pressure turned to smaller with the increase of tube length. As a result of the pressure drop, there existed the loss of on-way. The above simulation results which provided the theoretical basis for liquid hydrogen study accorded with the actual condition.
Synthesis and Characterization of Bi2Mn0.1V0.9O5.35-δ Thin Films
Authors: Guo Ming , Wu Lan Ying , Liu Chang Xin , Zhou Song Hua
Published: July 2011

The Bi2Mn0.1V0.9O5.35-δ (BIMNVOX.10) thin films have been successfully deposited on the LaNiO3(LNO)/Si (100) substrates by chemical solution deposition process. The phases, morphology and electrical properties of samples have been studied. The BIMNVOX.10 films show a (00l)-preferred orientation and have a homogeneous distribution of grains. A low frequency dielectric dispersion observed in the films may be originated from the short distant diffusion of oxygen vacancies. The Cole-Cole plots of dielectric constant for the BIMNVOX.10 films appear semicircular arc with the center off the x-axis and deviate from the ideal mono-dispersive Debye model. The frequency dependent of ac conductivity for BIMNVOX.10 films follows the Joscher’s power law, mainly contributed to the grain resistivity and predicts the nature of an oxygen vacancies conduction process. The complex impedance spectra reveal that electrical process arises due to contribution from the grain interior and grain boundary effects.
Effect of Lithium Chloride and Sodium Propionate on Growth of Selected Probiotics
Authors: Chen He , Ji Li Yuan , Shu Guo Wei , Wang Zhao Wei
Published: July 2011

Effect of Lithium Chloride (LiCl) and Sodium Propionate (CH3CH2COONa) on growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus rhamnosus was studied by measuring optical density at 600nm (OD600) and pH using MRS media as the control. The addition of each substance (%, w/v) was 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3%. Results were as follows: addition of LiCl has the significant inhibition on growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus bulgaricus at incubation 12h. The optimum selective concentration of LiCl in MRS media was 0.1% both for Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Lactobacillus rhamnosus can tolerate the substances mentioned above. Sodium Propionate has no effect for any of five strains.
Synthesis of Novel Fluorosiloxane Polymer/Silica Hybrid Nanocomposites and Superhydrophobic Cotton Surface from it
Authors: Xu Wei , An Qiu Feng , Xu Wei
Published: July 2011

A fluorine-silicon polymer (PFAMS) with pendant perfluoroalkyl and reactive epoxy groups was firstly synthesized by bulk polymerization (Si-H additional reaction) of polymethyltrifluoropropylsiloxane (PFHMS), allylpolyoxyethylene ether (AGE) and perfluorooctyl ethylene (PFOE). Then amino-functionalized nano silica (KH550-SiO2) was prepared via sol-gel method by 3-aminopropyltriethoxylsilane (KH550) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). Finally novel fluorosiloxane polymer/silica hybrid nanocomposites (PFAMS-SiO2) were fabricated through graft copolymerization method by the above two chemicals, PFAMS and KH550-SiO2 and super-hydrophobic cotton fabric was also constructed with contact angle of water on its surface 160.91° through immersing-padding-baking processes. Chemical structure, thermal performance, micro-morphology and hydrophobic property of the hybrid materials and film were investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrum (FT-IR), Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Static contact angle analyzer, respectively. Results show that a hydrophobic film and many lotus-leaf-like micro-nano scale tubercles are coated on the surface of cotton fabrics.
Software Development for Calculating Overlapping Mineral Resources
Authors: Ge Hong Chen , Xu Ping , Wang Ling Yun , Chen Xiao Zhe
Published: July 2011

The overlapping mineral resources are always occupied by the various buildings and cannot be exploited anymore, so to determine their boundaries correctly is an important task for both local government and constructers. Based on “regulations about exploiting overlapping coal and keeping coal pillar for buildings, waters, railways and major tunnels”, the software is developed to calculate the overlapping mineral resources. Four main design steps about the software are illustrated, the main dialogue box of the software is introduced, which is composed of three part boxes. In the end Chaochuan industry square is selected as an example, variables are calculated by the software, and the protected boundaries are drawn in MapGis.
Research on Dispatching Ready Mixed Concrete Based on Simulated Annealing Algorithm
Authors: Ll Li Ping , Xu Guang Li , Long Yue
Published: July 2011

It has become a huge challenge faced by concrete industry to complete the high efficiency and low cost transportation under constraint trucks and time. Based on establishment of ready mixed concrete dispatching mathematical model and aiming at dynamic change of orders, the paper presented a kind of ready mixed concrete dispatching method based on simulated annealing algorithm. It changes ready mixed concrete dispatching into a combined optimal problem constrained by many conditions and introduces idea of penalty function, and then utilize distance matrix and new searching algorithm to compute optimal path and optimal truck number. Computation example of ready mixed concrete dispatching center in some city verifies the feasibility and validity of the proposed algorithm.
Application of ID3 Algorithm in Logistics Performance Evaluation
Authors: Sheng Yu Kui , Lan Wan Lian
Published: July 2011

It is of vital importance to evaluate logistics performance of logistics company along with fiercer competition. ID3 algorithm is an effective method. In this paper, fisrtly we introduce ID3 algorithm. Then we apply it to evaluate logistics performance of a logistics company.
Several Important Diseases of Chinese Fir Plantations and their Control Measures
Authors: Li He , Zhou Guo Ying
Published: July 2011

Chinese fir (Cunninghamia Lanceolata) is a unique fast growing merchantable timber species in China with good materials, and is a major fast growing timber species in provinces of southern China. With the increase in Chinese fir plantation areas and the improvement in the degree of pure forests, the diseases of Chinese fir are increasing and their damages are getting worse, which have caused great losses and affected the sustainable, rapid and healthy development of forestry in China. This article gives a description of pathogenies, symptoms and occurrence regularities of four important diseases of Chinese fir, including Glomerella cingulata, Pestalotia Sp., Pseudomonas cunninghamiae and Chlorosis, and puts forward the corresponding control measures of these diseases, which provides an important basis for disease control of Chinese fir plantations.
Shield’s EPB Simulation Device Based on Fluid Power Transmission Principle
Authors: Li Xiao , Su Xiao Jiang
Published: July 2011

This article presents a shield’s earth-pressure-balance (EPB) simulation device based on fluid power transmission principle. The device was developed according to the mathematic model of shield’s EPB system. It is composed of load simulation subsystem and screw-conveyor speed control subsystem. With the regulations of the hydraulic parameters in the subsystems, the device is capable of simulating the situations of earth input and output in cutter chamber, as well as the changes of earth property and shield propulsive velocity. Experimental results proved that the working principle of the device is right, the regulation of hydraulic parameters is convenient, and the enhancement of experiment strength is feasible. Therefore, the experiment research expense on shield's EPB system is reduced and the experiment efficiency is increased. The developed device can provide an economical and effective means for the scheme design and characteristics analysis of shield's EPB system.
Multi-Objective Runner Optimization for Injection Mold of Combinational Cavities Based on Kriging Model
Authors: Huang Feng Li , Gu Jin Mei , Lou Yong Jian , Liu Guo Wen
Published: July 2011

Aiming at the runner design feature of injection mold of combinational cavities laid in non-natural balance, the design method of multi-objective runner optimization is put forward based on Kriging model. At fist, the basic theory of Kriging approximate model is proposed, and aiming at the feature of combinational cavities, the multi-objective optimum model of runner system is proposed also. In the solving multi-objective optimum model, the multi-objective ant colonies algorithm with crossover and mutation based on Pareto optimization is proposed. The given method is testified by a runner design instance of top and down cover of mouse, and it has a good application in engineering. The optimum result shows that the multi-objective ant colonies algorithm with crossover and mutation has good algorithmic performance.
Limiting Factors of Driving Hall Element by Pulsed Power Supply
Authors: Chen Xue Lei
Published: July 2011

The limiting facts of driving the Hall element by the pulsed power supply and sampling when the peak value coming are studied. The equivalent relation of temperature rising between the DC and pulsed power supply is given. When the electric field intensity inside the Hall element rises to about 1850V/cm, the linear relationship between the Hall output voltage and the input voltage will be affected by the decrease of the mobility. The thermal-power consumption almost does not affect the use of the Hall element. The above problem could be overcome by enlarging the die dimension.
Development of an Intellectualized Wireless Infusion Control/Monitoring System
Authors: Bi Li Jun , Sun Hong Yu , Liu Shou Shan
Published: July 2011

One kind of automatic wireless infusion control/monitoring system based on micro controller unit(MCU) and nRF401 had been designed and implemented to overcome the shortages in the processing of venous transfusion care. The system used AT89C52 single-chip computer as machine’s core, the realization of communication between a master computer and a slave computer with nRF401. Doctors could get the information through the wireless transmission to control and monitor the process of transfusion in time. According to RS232 communication protocol, the system implements the communication between one computer and multi-computer by adopting AT89C51 single chip microcomputer. This system has many advantages, such as low cost, high precision, small volume, convenience, low power consumption, good extendibility and so on.
A Method of Multi-Attribute Synthetic Evaluation Based on Cloud Model
Authors: Song Jian Jun , Du Xiao Ping , Wang Qiao , Li Xin , Jiang Yu
Published: July 2011

The evaluation progress using the cloud model executes the transform between the qualitative object and ration and makes the evaluation model get more persuasion and to be more easily suitable. By using the cloud model, this paper maps the indefinite comment as different cloud droplets with fine variations, and maps the variation of each factor’s weight as correctable mathematic expectation of the cloud, and thus puts forward a comprehensive evaluation model based on cloud model. Simulation results show that: The new model also can give us a set of evaluation of the different factors impersonally and the content distinguishes from the traditional ways.
New Criteria on Exponential Stability of Uncertain Delayed Systems with Multiple Delays and Parameter Uncertainty
Authors: Chen Yuan Qiang
Published: July 2011

This paper studies the exponential stability problem of uncertain delayed systems with multiple delays and parameter uncertainty. By employing the Lyapunov-based method and some matrix inequalities techniques, new sufficient conditions of the exponential stability for uncertain delayed systems are derived. Our sufficient conditions are in a form of algebraic matrix inequalities, which can be applied easily. Finally, numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of our results.
A New Non-Aliasing Nonsubsampled Contourlet Transform
Authors: Yan He , Pan Ying Jun
Published: July 2011

The factors of aliasing in the nonsubsampled Contourlet transform(NSCT) has been analyzed.The primary reason has been pointed that the à trous algorithm binary zero-interpolation brought about the width of the filter rapid increase and border distortion (that is aliasing). On that basis,a new approximate shift-invariant non-aliasing pyramidal decomposition was proposed instead of the à trous algorithm nonsubsampled pyramidal decomposition in the NSCT,So a new approximate shift-invariant non-aliasing nonsubsampled Contourlet transform(NANSCT) was constructed. Compared to the NSCT,the basis image of the NANSCT has better spatial domain regularity, frequency domain localization and decreased redundancy.The experimental results show that whether PSNR index or in visual effect, the proposed scheme outperforms the traditional Contourlet transform hard threshold denoising , Contourlet domain HMT denoising and the NSCT hard threshold denoising, and can achieve an excellent balance between suppressing noise effectively and preserving as many image details and edges as possiblet.
Design of Generally Remote Transmission System
Authors: Li Yun Hong , Yang Xin Hai
Published: July 2011

This paper introduces the design of generally remote transmission system with high reliability and multi-transmission-channels. Using a high-speed 32-bit ARM ® Cortex ™ - M3 processor, with multiple network transmission channels, it can be applied to complexly industrial field for reliable data transmission. The system has been successfully applied in Internet of Things of fire networking, which shows that it has high data reliability and a good utility value in the transmission process of the system.
Heat Generation of Bearing
Authors: Wang Yan Shuang , Liu Zhe , Zhu Hai Feng
Published: July 2011

Heat generation of a bearing was studied based in this paper. Computational models of power loss were built. The total heat generation was gotten. Influences on total heating were analyzed at various inner ring rolling velocities and applied loads. The results show that bearing rolling velocity and axial load affect heat generation strongly. Meanwhile sliding friction, which exists between balls and the cage pocket, cages and the surface of outer ring, is the main factors of bearing heating. Bearings with shaft are mainly used in gyro motors of aviation, aerospace, marine navigational systems, which own a long life and high reliability. Heat generated by friction affects its performance, life and reliability, and consequently influences control precision and life of gyro motors. If the rate of heat dissipation is less than the rate of the heat generation, the system temperatures will raise, the hardness of bearing ring and rolling element steel decrease, and resulting in plastic deformations, lubricant deterioration occurs, ultimately, heat imbalance failure leads to breakage of bearing components and bearing seizure[1,2].So precise evaluating heat generation of bearings with shaft is important for design, manufacture and application of bearing. The heat generation of bearing comes from power loss of friction. The traditional methods contain the local method and integral method [3]. Palmgren who used the integral method based on experimental results advanced an empirical formula of total friction moment [4]. The calculation result is lower than the fact because ignoring infection of lubricant flux. Astringe and Smith improved the above formula .But it was just for roller bearing. Harris established a local method for the ball bearing and rolling bearing [5]. Pouly et al [6, 7] analyzed part power loss of the high speed rolling bearing based on local method. Compared with the integral method, the local method calculated heating of all heat sources. The results were more accurate. Liu Zhi-quan, Han Min-zheng et al computed the heat of high speed rolling and ball bearing by the local method [8, 9]. This paper studies heat generation mechanism of bearing with shaft from a gyro motor. Different heat sources from bearings are calculated by a self-made program. All factors which influence heat generation would be gotten by analyzing at different working conditions. It would offer a theoretical basis for optimal design and proper use of bearings with shaft.
Fault Diagnosis Methods of Rolling Bearing: A General Review
Authors: Qi Xiao Xuan , Ji Jian Wei , Han Xiao Wei
Published: July 2011

Rolling bearing failures account for most of rotating machinery failures. Fault diagnosis of rolling bearings according to their running state is of great importance. In this paper current research situation and existing problems of fault diagnosis are summarized firstly. Then several different diagnosis approaches in terms of the measuring medium are reviewed. After analysis of fault mechanism, feature extraction based on non-stationary signal process is elaborated. Finally, the development tendencies are pointed out.
Impact Resistance of Composite Materials under Biaxial Preloading
Authors: Garnier Christian , Djilali Toufik , Brault Romain , Mistou Sébastien
Published: July 2011

The first aim of this study is to analyze the impact behavior of pre-loaded composite. Indeed, a bi-axial load is applied to the composite specimen, in order to keep in touch with a real case of composite fuselage. Then, this pre-loaded specimen is impacted by a pendulum. The used energy and velocity are weak in order to be in the case of low-energy and low-velocity impact. The second aim of this study is to develop and design a pendulum device to be integrated to the bi-axial fatigue loading. Moreover, two Non Destructive Inspections (Sonoscan and InfraRed Thermography) is used in order to establish links between pre-load and induced impact damage.
Physical and Mechanical Properties of the Reinforced Polyester: Characterization - Probabilistic Analysis
Authors: Ait Tahar Kamal , Harb Nora
Published: July 2011

The specific properties of material, such as resistance, the cost and the weight, become key factors in the decision making and the choice of vulgarization of material in its industrial and technological aspect. The choice of a resinous system used like stamps in the design of composites, depends on the mechanical performances and the cost of the resin. Currently the prohibitory cost of composite materials slows down the rise of their applications in certain technical fields. In this study, the physical and the mechanical characterization is presented, bearing on the resin of the type RESOW 55 E reinforced out of powders of different nature at different rate. The results of the mechanical tests carried out, show clearly, that the fracture is strongly influenced by the type and the rate of powder added in the matrix. In reinforcement, according to the results obtained with x-rays, one notes that there are no new chemical compounds formed in elaborate materials. The presence of powder does not modify the structure of polymer and that is confirmed by the x-rays analysis and spectrometric analysis. Based on experimental results, a model of Weibull strength distribution function has been established for each specimen. Finally, a confrontation of the theoretical and experimental results is carried out, based on probabilistic models.
High Temperature Tribological Behaviour of Metal Matrix Composites Produced by SPS
Authors: Orozco Gomez Solisabel , Delbé Karl , Benitez Alberto , Paris Jean Yves , Denape Jean
Published: July 2011

Materials used as friction components in transportation field are subjected to extreme working conditions: they rapidly reach their structural limits and critical parts require to be regularly replaced. Alternative solutions withstanding higher operating conditions imply to find innovative materials. Steel matrix composites including various solid lubricants, WS2 and h-BN, able to support high temperatures were developed using a Spark Plasma Sintering technique, which makes possible the formation of new microstructures out of reach by conventional means. Sliding tests were conducted using a pin-on-disc tribometer in air at 450°C, with a normal load of 15 N and various velocities ranged from 0.1 to 1.5 m/s. Influence of solid lubricant content and sensitivity to test parameters were studied in terms of friction and wear responses of the contacting materials. Test results reveal an improvement of friction properties for composites containing highest WS2contents. A reduction of wear is quantified for all composites, and the best behaviour is observed for those that contain WS2. In agreement with the third body approach, interpretations are proposed to describe the interphase dynamics within the contact.
Design and Implementation of SOI Based Capacitive Microaccelerometers Without Notching Effects
Authors: Liu Mei , Zhu J. , Zhuo Min , Wu Jing , Jia Shi Xing
Published: July 2011

We report our efforts towards designing and fabricating capacitive microaccelerometers with flat bottom surfaces free from the notching effects of Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) based on SOI process. The substrate layer under the device structure is etched and a metal film is deposited to the backside of moving structure for protecting the bottom surfaces so that the stiction problem and notching effects are avoided. The test results demonstrate that SOI accelerometers have been released successfully. The measured sensitivity is 169.1mV/g and the linearity of output is within 0.202%.
Structure Design and Experiment for a Resonant Accelerometer based on Electrostatic Stiffness
Authors: Liu Heng , Zhang Feng Tian , Su Wei , Zhang Fu Tang
Published: July 2011

The introduced resonant accelerometer makes use of the equivalent electrostatic stiffness to sense the acceleration. The sensitivity can be adjusted by changing the applied sensing voltage. But the no-linearity problem between the output frequency and applied acceleration is difficult to calculate the sensitivity and analysis its influence directly. When the stiffness of the fold beam is much smaller than the vibrating beam, the analytic sensitivity expression is given. The relationship between the sensitivity and the structure critical dimension is easily obtained in the design stage. A resonant accelerometer with sensitivity of 62Hz/g is designed and fabricated by bulk-silicon dissolved processes. The experiment finds there is the critical dimension loss in the fabrication process, which makes the sensitivity change; the same frequency disturbance will influence the closed-loop phase equilibrium. The equivalent interface model is built for the signal processes in the future. The frequency modulation and re-modulation is suggested to eliminate the disturbance. Vacuum package should be adopt to enlarge the weaken output signal.
Simulation and Design on Structure for Experimental Verification of Dielectric Charging of Millimeter-Wave MEMS Switches
Authors: Zhou Yi , Liao Xiao Pin , Xiao Jian Bin
Published: July 2011

Lifetimes of RF MEMS (Micro-electro-mechanical systems) capacitive switches are hindered by dielectric charging effects. A novel test structure for experimental verification of millimeter-wave MEMS switch dielectric accumulation charge is presented. The structure, which is designed using EM simulation software CST Microwave Studio and HFSS, consists of Coplanar Waveguide (CPW), a 2-way power divider and two symmetric capacitive MEMS switches. The input signal is equally divided into two output signals in the 2-way power divider due to symmetry, and the isolation between two output ports the power divider of is less than -48dB at 35GHz. The designed millimeter-wave capacitive MEMS shunt switch has 0.076dB insertion and -55dB isolation at 35GHz. The two symmetric capacitive MEMS switches in this structure can provide a strong comparability for different switch dielectric accumulation charge situations.
Temperature Characteristic of Platinum Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor
Authors: Du Li Dong , Xiao Li , Zhao Zhan , Fang Zhen , Xu Jing , Zhao Jun Juan , Xuan Yun Dong
Published: July 2011

Temperature characteristic of platinum piezoresistive atmosphere pressure sensor is studied in this paper, in which platinum is used as the sensing material and SU-8 is used as adhesive bonding layer. Normally, temperature variation will bring on resistance change of sensing platinum resistor with a linear relationship. Simultaneously, the thermal expansion mismatching in different material will also change the resistance. They both affect the temperature characteristic of sensor. Based on elasticity theory, the relationship between resistance change and thermal expansion mismatching is analyzed and is not linear. Sum of two parts resistance change is still nonlinear. Because the output of atmosphere pressure sensor is proportional to resistance change, relationship between output and temperature change is also nonlinear. The analysis is consistent with the experimental results.
Design and Simulation of Electromagnetic Two-Dimensional MOEMS Scanning Mirror
Authors: Zhang Chi , You Zheng , Huang Hu
Published: July 2011

This paper presents design methodology, dynamics simulation and fabrication process of a magnetically actuated two-dimensional MOEMS scanning mirror with piezoresistor sensors. In the device, the mirror has two gimbal structures with two integrated driving coils and piezoresistors for the control and measurement of the both tilt angles, respectively. The dynamic model is established and the FEM simulation results show that the resonant frequencies for both directions are 254Hz and 523Hz, respectively. The two-dimensional MOEMS scanning mirror has advantages of tilt angles control and measurement feedback for the both directions.
Application of Ultrasonic Stress Relief in the Fabrication of SU-8 Micro Structure
Authors: Du Li Qun , Wang Qi Jia , Zhang Xiao Lei
Published: July 2011

SU-8 photoresist has received a lot of attention in the MEMS field because of its excellent lithography properties. However, its high internal stress affects the overall pattern quality of the micro structures. The purpose of this work is to reduce the internal stress in SU-8 micro structure by ultrasonic stress relief technology. The stress relief mechanism of SU-8 micro structure was presented. The effect of ultrasonic stress relief on SU-8 micro structure was studied by experiments. The experimental results show that the internal stress in SU-8 micro structures can be reduced by ultrasonic stress relief technology.
A Research on Implantable Microelectrodes for EMG Signal Acquisition
Authors: Zhu Zheng Han , Liu Jing Quan , Rui Yue Feng , Yang Chun Sheng
Published: July 2011

Signal acquisition microelectrode works as an interface between tissue and circuit in neural engineering. Stable, precise and lossless detection of EMG is important to functional neuromuscular stimulation. In this paper, we propose an implantable microelectrode for EMG acquisition fabricated by MEMS technology and test the impedance of several microelectrodes fabricated with different parameters. By analyzing the amplitudes and power spectrum of the EMG signals acquired from rabbits by fabricated microelectrodes, the signal acquisition performances of the microelectrodes are evaluated and compared both in time domain and frequency domain.
A Laterally Thermally-Actuated RF MEMS Capacitive Switch with Parylene as Dielectric Layer
Authors: He Xun Jun , Lv Zhi Qiu , Liu Bo , Li Zhi Hong
Published: July 2011

This paper presents a lateral thermally-actuated and laterally capacitive shunt MEMS switch utilizing parylene as the dielectric layer. The bulk maicromachined switch consists three parts which, including coplanar waveguide (CPW) line, switching plates and thermally actuated structures. Measured results show that the threshold driving voltage and current of the proposed switch are 11.5V and 95mA, the single side and both side isolations at close-state are 7.7dB and 10.2dB at 18GHz when parylene thickness is 530nm, respectively. With 80nm- thick parylene, the single side and both sides isolations are 11.2dB and 15.7dB at 18GHz, respectively. The insertion loss at open-state is below 0.26dB up to 18GHz, when a boding wire is used to bridge the ground line.
Design and Test of a Self-Oscillating Driving ASIC for a Low-Q Gyroscope Based on PI Controller
Authors: Wang Guan Shi , Liu Xiao Wei , Lv Bing Jun , Yin Liang , Jiang Yi Ming , Tao Mu
Published: July 2011

In this work, closed-loop self-oscillating driving circuits for gyroscopes based on DC PI controller are analyzed in theory. The condition for oscillation is achieved by solving electrical differential equation, and the effects of key factors on magnitude stability are discussed. Further, an ASIC based on PI controller is designed, which is verified by simulation. The test results of manufactured chip correspond with the theoretical analysis, showing that this ASIC is capable of driving low-Q gyroscopes at normal temperate and pressure. This theory for analysis and the designed chip contribute to guide the design of closed-loop driving for gyroscopes, also improving stability for oscillating circuits.