bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Software-Defined Value Stream Process Systems
Authors: Goebels Max , Schulte Alexander , Georgi Patrick , Heimberger Fabian , Schwalm Jannik , Liewerenz Oliver , Schäfer Adrian , Fleischer Jürgen , Verl Alexander , Möhring Hans-Christian , Schulze Volker , Matthiesen Sven , Parspour Nejila
Published: November 2024

The increasing volatility of the markets and the growing demand for customized products are the challenges for the production of the future to ensure maximum flexibility and adaptability. This paper presents the development of a cyber-physical chain linking product features to requirements and their fulfillment in machine and process hardware to form a modular, reconfigurable production system. The conception and realization of universal production systems is investigated. A modular construction kit of individually combinable hardware and associated software modules is presented. These modules are coordinated via a digital process chain that enables holistic simulations, optimizations, and planning based on digital twins. This system is based on software-defined manufacturing but extends it into autonomous reconfigurable machines. The virtual planning and commissioning of entire production lines aims to achieve efficient and adaptable production in volatile markets.
Determining Water Pipe Leakage Using a RP-CNN Model – Identifying the Causes and Improving Poor Accuracy Cases
Authors: Caronge Muhammad Anshari , Shibuya Taichi , Arai Yasuhiro , Dong Xinyi , Kunizane Takaharu , Koizumi Akira
Published: November 2024

This research aims to determine and improve accuracy of a water leakage detection model proposed in preliminary research. The poor results for water leakage sound (recall) and background noise (specificity) were clarified using countermeasures in accordance with each condition. Additionally, frequency amplification in the range of 500–600 Hz, attenuation of weak components, and a band-stop filter were used to remove the 50 Hz component and harmonics. Pre-processing was carried out in the form of amplification with weak noise removed using a band-stop filter. The results showed that application of the proposed model improved detection accuracy by 80% at observation points that initially had poor accuracy. Thus, the proposed method was effective in improving performance of the RP-CNN model in detecting leakage.
Multi-Band Superconductivity, Polarons, Jahn-Teller Polarons, Heterogeneity and High-Temperature Superconductivity
Authors: Bussmann-Holder Annette , Keller Hugo
Published: November 2024

Early on oxides were ruled out from superconductivity, since these are typically large band gap insulators. Nevertheless a rather small number of them were found to be superconducting with transition temperatures up to 14 K and a remarkable low carrier density. This was the starting point of K. Alex Müller (KAM) to get interested in superconductivity in oxides. Step by step he advanced in the research in oxides and finally discovered together with J. Georg Bednorz high-temperature superconductivity (HTSC) in the perovskite type compound Ba-La-Cu-O. Even though inspired from specific and clear ideas in his search, he added new impact in the understanding of HTSC for many years after receipt of the Nobel prize for this discovery.
The Effect of Concurrent Resistance Training on Tethered Force, Lower Limbs Strength, Anaerobic Critical Velocity and Swimming Performance: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Liu Xitong , Matjiur Radomyos , Sonchan Wirat , Charoenwattana Sukanya , Chainok Phornpot , Gay Ana , Makaje Niromlee , Zacca Rodrigo
Published: November 2024

Combining pool based + resistance workouts both in the pool and on dry land is a valuable ap-proach to enhance breaststroke swimming performance. However, few investigations have been conducted on this topic. Through a randomized controlled trial study, we investigated the effects of 10-week concurrent resistance training program, which integrates resistance workouts both in the pool and on dry land, on tethered force, lower limb strength, anaerobic critical velocity, and swimming performance in regional age-group breaststroke swimmers. Methods: Regional age-group swimmers (N = 24, males) were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group (EG: 15.1 ± 0.5 years old) performed combined pool based + resistance workouts both in the pool and on dry land. The control group (CG: 15.1 ± 0.7 years old) performed their usual training, i.e. pool based + resistance workouts on dry land only. Tethered swimming force, muscular strength, anaerobic critical velocity, and swimming performance and technique were evaluated before and after 10 weeks. Results: Improvements were observed in EG vs. CG in mean force (30.04%, p = 0.02; d = 0.75), one-repetition maximum back squat (20.57%, p = 0.01; d = 2.05), maximal force (19.23%, p = 0.03; d = 0.69), and anaerobic critical velocity (4.2%, p = 0.04; d = 0.61). The 50 and 200-m breaststroke performance times improved (4.3 and5.4%, p=0.01, d=0.88-0.92, respectively) for 10 weeks. Conclusion: With the increasing demands of contempo-rary swimming competitions, which often include heats, semifinals, and finals, achieving optimal physical fitness to compete at an elite level in every round is vital for swimmers. The combination of resistance training workouts both in the pool and on dry land seems to enhance swimming performance in age-group swimmers, particularly at sprint to middle distance breaststroke swimmers.
Breaking the Silence: Exploring Fathers' Perspectives on Perinatal Mental Health and Navigating Fatherhood
Authors: Pappa Iliana , Metallinou Dimitra , Dagla Maria , Dragioti Elena , Vounatsou Eirini , Harizopoulou Vikentia C. , Athinaidou Anna-Maria , Anagnostopoulos Dimitris , Sarantaki Antigoni
Published: November 2024

Traditionally, mental health support during the perinatal period is focused on women, leaving paternal mental health unnoticed. However, literature evidence suggests that addressing paternal mental health issues and promoting fathers' emotional well-being can benefit the whole family. This study explores fathers' perspectives and first-hand experiences with paternal perinatal mental health.
This study used semi-structured interviews to collect qualitative data from fathers who met specific criteria. Fifty individuals completed mental health and well-being questionnaires, and 15 were purposively selected for interviews based on their scores, ensuring a diverse representation of well-being outcomes. Data was analysed using thematic analysis, and the authors adhered to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines.
In this paper, we use perinatal mental health as an umbrella term that encompasses mental health problems such as anxiety, stress and depression. Five major themes were identified: 'Factors contributing to paternal mental health problems', 'Interaction with partner', 'Birth and first post-partum days', 'Providing for the family' and 'Engagement with maternity services'.
The study emphasises the significant impact mental health problems have on fathers during their transition to parenthood, causing increased stress and feelings of being left out. Adapting to new parental duties often results in psychological stress, with many fathers feeling they do not deserve support. A notable gap exists in perinatal support networks and services tailored for fathers, underscoring an urgent need for dedicated resources to enhance paternal mental health and overall well-being.
Design and Simulation of a Novel Modular Converter-Transformer for AC/DC, DC/AC and DC/DC Operations
Authors: Castelli Dezza Francesco , Toscani Nicola , Benvenuti Matteo , Tagliaretti Riccardo , Agnetta Vincenzo , Amatruda Mattia , De Maria Samuel
Published: November 2024

This manuscript describes the research and the development of a novel family of modular AC/DC, DC/AC and DC/DC converters for high voltage interconnections between AC and DC lines or between two DC lines. Such devices are bidirectional and they integrate a three-phase power transformer. The relationship existing between AC and DC voltages in each module for rectifier and inverter operations is analogous to the one set in single-phase thyristor bridges. Due to the novelty of this topic, a low-voltage, low power prototype was sized to make a first validation of its predicted behaviour. This converter should realize all the operating modes allowed by the new family of devices, namely, AC/DC, DC/AC and DC/DC conversions. Its rated phase voltage is 230 V rms and it should be able to carry at least 1 kW. Thus, a switching model of the device was realized first. The simulated behaviour of this prototype is deeply discussed in this paper during steady-state, transient and DC-fault operations.
Functional and Nutritional Properties of Grape By-Product Flours from Coahuila, Mexico as Potential Food Ingredients
Authors: García Galindo Alfredo Ivanoe , Torres-León Cristian , Aguirre-Joya Jorge Alejandro , Siller-Sanchez Arturo , López-Badillo Claudia Magdalena , Gómez-García Ricardo , Ramírez-Guzmán Nathiely
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Grape Pomace Flour (GPF) is a by-product of the wine industry that is currently un-derutilized. This research aimed to determine the functional and nutritional properties of GPF from Coahuila, Mexico. The experimental strategy included the evaluation of the color parameters in GPF with different particle sizes; subsequently, the determination nutritional parameters (moisture, ash, minerals, fat, protein, and carbohydrates) were determined and finally the func-tional parameters: water solubility index (WSI), swelling power (SP), water absorption index (WAI) and oil absorption index (OAI) in GPF, as well as the determination and identification of bioactive compounds by HPLC-MS. The results showed better color characteristics in particle size less than 180 µm. GPF is a good source of minerals such as potassium, magnesium, and calcium, highlighting that the magnesium content is higher than in other grape pomace flours. The results of the functional properties showed that GPF presented higher values of WAI (2.64 ± 0.06 g/g), WSI (5.75 ± 0.61 %), and SP (2.80 ± 0.05mL/g) than commercial flours. Finally, GPF presented a high content of phenolic compounds; the HPLC analysis identified important bioactive phenolic compounds. In conclusion, GPF has exceptional functional and nutritional properties, surpassing many conventional flours and aligning with non-conventional ones. GPF's natural color enhances product appeal, making it a versatile, nutrient-rich ingredient that improves food quality.
Coordinated Development of Sports Tourism in the Chengdu–Chongqing Region of China
Authors: Zhao Fanxiang , Li Shichuan
Published: November 2024

As an important economic belt in western China, the Chengdu–Chongqing region boasts rich sports tourism resources and immense development potential. Based on coupling coordination theory, a sports tourism evaluation index system was constructed. The coupling coordination model was used to calculate the coupling coordination degree of sports tourism in the Chengdu–Chongqing region and to determine the coordination type. Additionally, the obstacle degree model was employed to identify the obstructive factors affecting the coordinated development of sports tourism in the region. The results showed that the sports tourism evaluation index system included four secondary indicators and 15 tertiary indicators. The coupling coordination degree of sports tourism in the Chengdu–Chongqing region continuously increased from 2015 to 2019, with a decline observed in 2020. Financial allocations to sports departments were identified as the main obstructive factor affecting the coordinated development of sports tourism in the region. Accordingly, future development recommendations are proposed.
Set Duplicability and Schröder-Bernstein Theorem
Authors: Manca Vincenzo
Published: November 2024

Set duplicability is considered by showing that it provides an easy proof of Schröder-Bernstein Theorem, a fundamental result in the theory of cardinal numbers, usually based on arguments that are not very intuitive.
Myricetin, a Bioflavonoid Restricts the Syncytial Development Triggered by Nipah Virus Envelope Glycoproteins In-Vitro
Authors: VEMULAPATI BHADRA MURTHY , RAYAPATI ANANDA MURALI , POOJARI SUDARSANA , CHANDA CHANDRASEKHAR
Published: November 2024

Myricetin (MYR), a flavonoid demonstrated antiviral activity in effectively inhibiting nipah virus envelope glycoprotein mediated syncytial development in-vitro. Time-of-addition assays were designed to evaluate the effective concentration of MYR using codon-optimized NiV wild type (WT) F and G plasmids followed by the addition of MYR in HEK and vero cells. From the seven different concentrations tested, MYR was effective at 100μM concentration with a ~80% decline in syncytial count in HEK293T and vero cells. Results from the time-of-addition were substantiated with Western blotting and flow cytometry assays indicated that MYR might play a critical role in the reduction of NiV F and G glycoprotein expression levels and(or) interfere with their receptor binding, F and G interactions rendering the glycoproteins inefficient in cell-to-cell fusion leading to a quantifiable reduction in the syncytial development. This study is the first to determine antiviral potential of MYR in mitigating the effects of NiV pathogenesis in-vitro.
Optimal Synchronous/Asynchronous Multi-Layered Design of Java Applications
Authors: Gheoace Mircea , Tudose Cătălin
Published: November 2024

This paper focused on the optimal design of multi-layered applications in Java, in the context of database access. The existence of various alternatives, synchronous or asynchronous, that each layer may select from, requires an analysis and the examination of the criteria that need to be considered for optimal performance. Current Java frameworks dedicated to building the web layer include MVC (synchronous) and WebFlux (asynchronous). We'll examine them in the context of interacting with multiple databases using either a synchronous (JDBC) or an asynchronous (R2DBC) driver.
A Multi-Objective Recommender System for Enhanced Consumer Behavior Prediction in E-Commerce
Authors: Sun Yiping , Xiang Yijun , Zou Dongxian , Li Na , Chen Haotian
Published: November 2024

With the proliferation of online shopping, consumers are inundated with an overwhelming number of product choices, often leading to decision fatigue and abandoned shopping carts. To mitigate this issue, recommender systems have been employed to personalize the shopping experience and enhance consumer engagement. However, traditional recommender systems typically focus on single-objective optimization, such as predicting clicks or purchases, which limits their effectiveness. In this study, we propose a multi-objective recommender system designed to simultaneously optimize multiple consumer behaviors, including clicks, cart additions, and completed orders. Leveraging the OTTO Recommender Systems Dataset, our system employs a two-stage candidate reranker model that first generates a pool of potential items and then ranks them based on predicted relevance. Our experimental results demonstrate that an ensemble model combining LightGBM, XGBoost, and CatBoost Rankers outperforms individual models, achieving superior recall rates. This multi-objective approach provides a comprehensive solution for enhancing the accuracy and effectiveness of recommender systems in e-commerce.
Vector-Borne Bacteria Detected in Ticks, Mites and Flies Parasitizing Bats in the State of Rondônia, Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Dornelas Júnior Leormando Fortunato , Cunha Irineu Norberto , Jorge Felipe Rodrigues , Graciolli Gustavo , Bassini-Silva Ricardo , Jacinavicius Fernando de Castro , Serpa Maria Carolina A. , Labruna Marcelo Bahia , Pessoa Felipe Arley Costa , Camargo Luis Marcelo Aranha
Published: November 2024

Bats (Chiroptera) are among the most diverse and geographically dispersed mammals. They are of great importance to the ecosystem, as pollinators, seed dispersers and pest controllers, in addition to being hosts to several parasitic arthropods, including ticks, mites, lice, fleas and flies. Their diet includes tissues and blood or other body fluids of bats. Bats are reservoirs of several disease-causing agents, many of them pathogenic to humans, such as bacteria, as well as protozoa, viruses and fungi. This study was conducted in Monte Negro, Rondônia, Brazil and the occurrence of parasitic arthropods in bats was evaluated, as well as a screening of bacteria that these ectoparasites can carry. Through a total of 69 nocturnal captures, 217 chiropterans were sampled, representing 23 species and six families. A total of 592 specimens of parasitic arthropods (ticks, mites and flies) were collected from these bats (9% dipterans, 59% ticks and 32% mites). Bartonella sp. were found in two species of bat flies (Trichobius joblingi and Strebla mirabilis) in peri-urban and forest areas with an infection rate of 62% and 38%, respectively. We report for the first time in Rondônia the argasid tick Ornithodoros hasei and its infection by a spotted fever group bacterium ‘Candidatus Rickettsia wissemanii’ in a peri-urban area.
Predictors of Poor Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Low Levels of N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide
Authors: Berezina Tetiana A. , Berezin Oleksandr O. , Novikov Evgen V. , Lichtenauer Michael , Berezin Alexander E.
Published: November 2024

Background: Despite existing evidence of the high predictive value of natriuretic peptides (NPs) in patients with heart failure (HF), patients treated with guideline-directed therapy who have low or near-normal NP levels are unlikely to be correctly stratified for risk of clinical outcomes. The aim of the study is to detect plausible predictors for poor one-year clinical out-comes in patients with HFpEF and low NT-proBNP treated with in accordance with conventional guideline. Methods: A total of 337 patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) who had low levels of N-terminal natriuretic pro-peptide (NT-proBNP) at discharge due to optimal guideline-based therapy were enrolled in the study. The course of the observation was 3 years. Echocardiography and assessment of conventional hematological and biochemical parameters including NT-proBNP, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), adropin, irisin, visfatin, and fetuin-A, were performed at baseline and at the end of study. Results: Three-year cumulative clinical endpoint (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction / unstable angina / acute coronary syndrome, HF decompensation / hospitalization due to HF, sudden cardiac death, or cardiac-related surgery and / or all-cause death) were detected in 104 patients, whereas 233 did not meet the endpoint. After adjusting for age ≥ 64 years, a presence of atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, CKD stages 1–3 and dilated cardiomyopathy, the multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that irisin levels ≤7.2 ng/mL was an independent predictor of cumulative clinical endpoint. Moreover, patients with the levels of irisin >7.2 ng/mL had better the Kaplan–Meier survival rate than those with lower serum irisin levels (≤7.2 ng/mL). Conclusions: We found that age ≥ 64 years, the presence of atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, CKD stages 1–3 and dilated cardiomyopathy, LAVI ≥39 mL/m2, serum levels of hs-CRP ≥6.10 mg/L, irisin ≤7.2 ng/mL and visfatin ≤1.1 ng/mL as predictors of poor clinical outcome in HFpEF. Serum levels of irisin ≤7.2 ng/mL could emerge as valuable biomarker for predicting long-term prognosis among HFpEF patients with low or near normal levels of NT-proBNP.
Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Terminalia bellirica and Terminalia chebula Fruit Extracts Against Gastrointestinal Pathogens: Enhancing Antibiotic Efficacy
Authors: Tiwana Gagan , Cock Ian Edwin , Cheesman Matthew James
Published: November 2024

Terminalia bellirica, and Terminalia chebula are significant botanicals in ancient Ayurvedic medicine. They are renowned for their therapeutic properties, notably in addressing gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. These plants have undergone thorough examination related to their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, which make them highly efficient natural treatments for controlling gastrointestinal infections. The current research demonstrated the antibacterial efficacy of fruit extracts of Terminalia bellirica, and Terminalia chebula against Bacillus cereus, Shigella sonnei, Shigella flexneri, and Salmonella typhimurium. We performed disc diffusion and liquid microdilution experiments to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy. All extracts of Terminalia bellirica and Terminalia chebula showed good antibacterial effects against B. cereus and S. flexneri. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 94 µg/mL to 556 µg/mL. The methanol extracts from both plants also showed noteworthy antibacterial activity against S. sonnei and S. typhimurium, with MIC values of 755 µg/mL for both. Fractional inhibitory concentration studies revealed additive interactions between the extracts and conventional antibiotics when used concurrently. The phytochemical composition of T. bellirica and T. chebula extracts was analysed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), which identified several tannins, including methyl gallate, propyl gallate, gallic acid, and ellagic acid. Lethality assays conducted using Artemia franciscana Kellogg nauplii indicated that all plant extracts are non-toxic. The antibacterial properties and absence of toxicity in T. bellirica and T. chebula fruit extracts indicate their potential for antibiotic development, warranting additional mechanistic and phytochemical studies.
2-D Scanning of Circularly Polarized Beamsvia Array-Fed Fabry–Perot Cavity Antennas
Authors: Madji Mikhail , Negri Edoardo , Fuscaldo Walter , Comite Davide , Galli Alessandro , Burghignoli Paolo
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we present an array-fed Fabry–Perot cavity antenna (FPCA) based on a partially reflecting sheet (PRS) capable of generating a circularly polarized (CP), highly directive, far-field radiation pattern in the 27–28.5 GHz frequency range. The PRS, the cavity, and the array of feeders serve to different purposes in this original structure. The PRS is engineered to produce a circular polarization from a linearly polarized source placed inside the cavity. The cavity is optimized to obtain a directive conical beam from the dipole-like pattern of the simple source, and allows for a frequency scan of the beam along the elevation plane. The array of feeders is designed to obtain a pencil beam whose azimuthal pointing direction can be controlled by properly phasing the sources. The radiation performance is studied with a specific application of the reciprocity theorem in a full-wave solver along with the pattern multiplication principle. A number of configurations are investigated and presented to show the potential of the proposed solution in terms of design flexibility and radiation performance.
Identification of Stable Reference miRNAs for miRNA Expression Analysis in Adult Neurogenesis Across Mouse and Human Tissues
Authors: Levitis Daniella Liana , Si Julia , Ravishankar Kushal , Toborek Michal , Park Minseon
Published: November 2024

Accurate normalization in miRNA studies requires the use of appropriate endogenous controls, which can vary significantly depending on cell types, treatments, and physiological or pathological conditions. This study aimed to identify suitable endogenous miRNA controls for neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and hippocampal tissues, both of which play crucial roles in neurogenesis. Using small RNA sequencing, we identified the most stable miRNAs in primary mouse NPCs and hippocampal tissues and accessed their stability using NormFinder analysis. Six miRNAs—miR-181d-5p, miR-93-5p, miR-103-3p, let-7d-5p, miR-26a-5p, and miR-125a-5p—demonstrated high stability and were evaluated for their suitability as endogenous controls across multiple experimental conditions. All selected miRNAs exhibited consistent expression in the NE-4C mouse cell line but not in ReNcells, a human cell line. For ReNcells, only miR-186-5p, one of the known reference miRNAs tested for comparison, showed stably expressed. Notably, miR-103-3p and let-7d-5p were stably expressed in hippocampal tissues from both mouse and human samples but were absent in human brain pericytes, human brain microvascular endothelial cells, and the SVG p12 cells, a human fetal glial cell line. This study is the first to identify optimal reference miRNAs for adult neurogenesis in both mouse and human samples, providing reliable options for miRNA normalization and improving the accuracy and reproducibility of miRNA expression analyses in neurogenesis research.
Sirtuins as Key Regulators in Pancreatic Cancer: Insights into Regulatory Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: chouhan surbhi , Kumar Anil
Published: November 2024

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal cancers, characterized by rapid progression, high resistance to conventional therapies, and a complex interplay of genetic and epigenetic alterations in key signaling pathways. Emerging evidence suggests that sirtuins modulate these key cellular processes, influencing tumor growth and progression in pancreatic cancer. This review aims to provide a comprehensive exploration of the emerging roles of sirtuins, a family of NAD⁺-dependent enzymes, as critical regulators within the oncogenic landscape of pancreatic cancer. This review meticulously explores the nuanced involvement of sirtuins in pancreatic cancer, elucidating their contributions to tumorigenesis and suppression through mechanisms such as metabolic reprogramming, maintenance of genomic integrity and epigenetic modulation. Furthermore, it emphasizes the pressing necessity for the development of targeted therapeutic interventions aimed at precisely modulating sirtuin activity, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy and optimizing patient outcomes in the context of pancreatic malignancies.
A Comprehensive Review of Sensor Technologies and Signal Processing Solutions for Low-Power IoT Systems with Mini Computing Devices
Authors: Gazis Alexandros , Papadongonas Ioannis , Andriopoulos Athanasios , Zioudas Constantinos , Vavouras Theodoros
Published: November 2024

Τhis paper provides a comprehensive overview of sensors commonly used in low-cost, low-power systems, focusing on key concepts such as IoT, Big Data, and smart sensor technologies. It defines the evolving roles of sensors, emphasizing their characteristics, technological advancements, and the transition toward 'smart sensors' with integrated processing capabilities. The article also explores the increasing significance of mini computing devices in educational environments. These devices offer cost-effective and energy-efficient solutions for system monitoring, prototype validation, and real-world application development. By interfacing with wireless sensor networks and IoT systems, mini-computers enable students and researchers to design, test, and deploy sensor-based systems with minimal resource requirements. Furthermore, the paper discusses the use of signal processing techniques to enhance data acquisition and measurement accuracy, making these systems more reliable and suitable for various educational and research applications. This research aims to equip future engineers with the knowledge and tools to integrate cutting-edge sensor networks, IoT, and Big Data technologies into scalable, real-world solutions.
Lethal and Sublethal Toxicity of Nanosilver Carbon Nanotubes Composites to Hydra vulgaris- a Toxicogenomic Approach
Authors: Auclair Joelle , Roubeau Dumont Eva , Gagné François
Published: November 2024

The increasing use of nanocomposites as raised concerns about the potential environmental impacts are less understood than those obtained with individual nanomaterials. The purpose of this study was to investigate the lethal and sublethal toxicity of nano-silver carbon walled nanotubes (nAg-CWNT) composites in Hydra vulgaris. The lethal and sublethal toxicity was determined based on the characteristic morphological changes (retraction/loss of tentacles and body disintegration) for this organism. In addition, a qPCR array was optimized and involved gene expression for oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, catalase), regeneration and growth (serum response factor), protein synthesis, oxidized DNA repair, neural activity (dopamine decarboxylase) and the proteasome/autophagy pathways. The hydras were exposed for 96 h to increasing concentration of single nAg, CWNT and to 10% nAg-90% CWNT and 50% nAg-50% CNWT composites. Transmission microscopy and X-ray fluorescence analysis revealed the presence of nAg attached to the carbon nanotubes and nAg aggregates. The data revealed that the nAg-CWNT composites were more toxic than their counterparts (nAg and CNWT). The sublethal morphological changes (EC50) were strongly associated with oxidative stress and protein synthesis while lethal morphological changes (LC50) encompassed changes in dopamine activity, regeneration and proteasome/autophagic pathways. In conclusion, the toxicity of nAg-CWNT composites presents a different pattern in gene expression and at lower threshold concentrations than those obtained for nAg or CWNT alone.
Soluble PD-L1 and Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-B may Independently Predict Prognosis in Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Pembrolizumab
Authors: Kokkotou Eleni , Grapsa Dimitra , Papadopoulou Anna , Gaitanakis Stylianos , Bakakos Petros , Poulakou Garyfallia , Moutsatsou Paraskevi , Syrigos Konstantinos
Published: November 2024

Background: A complex interplay between immune cells and abnormal tumor vasculature in the tumor microenvironment has been previously shown in preclinical studies, while clinical data suggest that angiogenesis biomarkers may be useful as predictors of prognosis and treatment response in immunotherapy-treated solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our primary aim was to investigate the prognostic and predictive value of baseline and post-treatment levels of serum vascular endothelial growth factor-A and –B (VEGF-A and VEGF-B, respectively), soluble programmed cell death-1 (sPD-1) and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (sPD-L1) in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).
Methods: 55 patients with advanced NSCLC eligible to receive ICIs (as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy) were prospectively enrolled. A group of sex- and age-matched healthy controls (n=16) was also recruited, for determination of the optimal cut-offs and the potential diagnostic value of the examined biomarkers. Serum VEGF-A, VEGF-B, sPD-1 and sPD-L1 levels were measured in peripheral blood samples using ELISA, both at baseline and at the time of treatment response evaluation, and were correlated with treatment response, prognosis (PFS, OS), and the remaining clinicopathological features of patients.
Results: Mean age of patients was 66.5 years (SD=8.0 years); 65,5% of patients received chemo-therapy and pembrolizumab combination while the remaining patients received pembrolizumab monotherapy. VEGF-B and sPD-1 levels were significantly decreased and increased, respectively, after treatment (p=0,028 and p
Effect of Cu on Extrudability of High Strength AA6xxx Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Wang Xiaoying , Khan Muhammad Shehryar , Wells Mary A. , Poole Warren J. , Parson Nick
Published: November 2024

There is a critical need to understand and optimize the extrudability of AA6xxx alloys, which are widely used in industries due to their favorable combination of strength, formability, and corrosion resistance. Surface cracking during the extrusion process remains a significant challenge. While previous studies have investigated surface cracking using various techniques, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive, especially regarding the role of important alloying elements such as copper. This research provides a thorough investigation on the effect of copper additions on the solidus temperature, hot deformation behavior and extrudability of AA6xxx alloys using experimental and numerical methods. The material’s solidus temperature and constitutive behavior were determined. Extrusion trials were conducted for alloys with different Cu levels using a flat die over a range of extrusion speeds with the resulting surface defects being examined. The findings indicate that although the Cu content had little impact on the hot compression behavior, it did affect the solidus temperature. Alloys with a higher level of Cu had a lower solidus temperature and hence the maximum extrusion speed for a given temperature was lower. Numerical simulations demonstrated that surface cracking occurred once the surface temperature of the alloy reached 96% of the solidus temperature.
Finding the Mole and Choosing the Apple: Executive Function Challenges in Children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD)
Authors: Sanhueza Soraya , Urrutia Mabel , Marrero Hipólito
Published: November 2024

Background: Children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) frequently experience deficits in cognitive skills such as working memory (WM) and sustained attention (SA), which are closely related to language development. Yet, these cognitive deficits remain underexplored in early childhood, particularly during the preschool years. Objective: This study explores WM and SA in Chilean preschoolers with DLD compared to their typically developing (TD) peers, using the non-verbal tasks "Torpo the Clumsy Mole" for WM and the Continuous Performance Task (CPT) "Duno and the Worms" for SA, both from the Child Neuropsychological Evaluation Test (TENI in Spanish). Method: Thirty DLD and 30 TLD peers (aged 4 to 4 years 11 months) participated. Accuracy and reaction times in both tasks were assessed. Results: DLD children demonstrated significant deficits in working memory accuracy and poorer sustained attention accuracy despite exhibiting shorter reaction times in the sustained attention task compared to TLD children. Conclusion: The findings highlight the multifaceted nature of DLD, particularly in relation to cognitive dimensions beyond language, such as working memory and sustained attention. Early identification of these differences emphasizes the important role of executive functions in DLD.
Empowering Person with Disabilities in Smart Home Using Predictive Informing
Authors: Periša Marko , Teskera Petra , Cvitić Ivan , Grgurević Ivan
Published: November 2024

The possibilities of the Ambient Assisted Living (AAL)/Enhanced Living Environments (ELE) concept in the environment of a smart home were investigated to improve accessibility and improve the quality of life of person with disabilities. This paper focuses on the concept of predictive information for person with disabilities in a smart home environment concept where artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) systems use data on the user's preferences, habits, and possible incident situations. A conceptual mathematical model is proposed, which purpose is to provide predictive user information from defined data sets. The paper defines the taxonomy of communication technologies, devices, and sensors in the environment of the user's smart home and shows the interaction of all elements in the environment of the smart home. Through the integration of assistive technologies, it is possible to adapt the home to users with different types of disabilities and needs. The smart home environment with diverse types of sensors whose data are part of sets defined by a mathematical model is also evaluated. The significance of establishing data sets as a foundation for future research, development of ML models, and utilization of AI is highlighted in this paper.
Greek Classical Literature: A Multi–Dimensional Mathematical Analysis of Texts and Their Connections
Authors: Matricciani Emilio
Published: November 2024

A multi–dimensional mathematical theory applied to texts belonging to classical Greek Literature spanning eight centuries reveals interesting connections between them. By studying words, sentences and interpunctions of texts, the theory defines deep–language parameters and linguistic communication channels. These mathematical entities are due to writer’s unconscious design and can reveal connections between texts far beyond writers’ awareness. The analysis, based on 3,225,839 words contained in 118,952 sentences, shows that ancient Greek writers, and their readers, were not significantly different from modern writers/readers. Their sentences were processed by an extended short–term memory, modelled with two independent processing units in series, just like modern readers. In a society in which people were used to memorize information more than modern people do, the ancient writers wrote almost exactly, mathematically speaking, as modern writers do and for readers of similar characteristics. Since meaning is not considered, any text of any alphabetical language can be studied exactly with the same mathematical/statistical tools and allows comparisons, regardless of different languages and epoch of writing.
Prediction of Degradation of Concrete Surface Layer Using Neural Networks Applied to Ultrasound Propagation Signals
Authors: Kirillova Evgenia , Tatarinov Alexey , Kovalenko Savva , Shahmenko Gennady
Published: November 2024

To study the process of concrete degradation, the so-called spatiotemporal waveform profiles were obtained, which are sets of ultrasonic signals acquired by step-by-step surface profiling of the concrete surface. The recorded signals were analyzed and informative areas for three fre-quencies were identified. The type of the created neural network is a multilayer perceptron. Stochastic gradient descent was chosen as the learning algorithm. Measurement datasets (test, training and validation) were created to determine two factors of interest - the degree of materi-al degradation and the thickness (depth) of the degraded layer. The article proves that the train-ing datasets are quite sufficient to obtain acceptable results. It is shown that the results for the Fourier amplitude spectra are significantly worse than the results of neural networks built on the basis of information about the measured signals themselves.
Factors Affecting Growth and Survival of Salmonella in Onion Extracts and Onion Bulbs
Authors: Kiplagat Emmanuel , Ramezani Moazzameh , Malla Subas , Cisneros-Zevallos Luis , Joshi Vijay , Castillo Alejandro
Published: November 2024

This study investigated the survival and growth of Salmonella in onion extracts and bulbs. Extracts of an array of onion varieties and germplasms were used to evaluate their ability to retard or inhibit Salmonella growth and the antimicrobial activity of extracts prepared from onions that were subjected to different types of light during curing. Separately, the survival of internalized and non-internalized Salmonella enterica ser. Newport was tested in red, white, and yellow onions by inoculating onion bulbs on the external and internal onion layers and by internalizing Salmonella using a syringe and needle to inject the inoculum inside the bulb. The inoculated onions were stored at room temperature and collecting samples at intervals during storage. Results showed that the varied lighting used for postharvest stimulation resulted in extracts with different antimicrobial effects (P < 0.05). Extracts from red and white onions treated with blue light inhibited Salmonella growth. Extracts from onions treated with white light revealed slow and fast growth of Salmonella in red and yellow, respectively. Of the extracts from the various germplasms, only one corresponding to red onion, inhibited Salmonella growth, whereas the rest showed varying levels of growth retardation (P < 0.05). In survival studies, Salmonella inoculated on the outer layer was reduced by 1.2, > 2.7, and > 2.4 log cycles on red, white, and yellow onions, respectively within 3 days of storage. In the inner layers, Salmonella grew by 2.4, 2.6, and 2.8 log cycles of red, white, and yellow onions re-spectively, over 18-d storage. In separate trials, the outer layer again did not support the survival of Salmonella Newport. While the inner scales on red onion did not allow growth of Salmonella Newport, those of white and yellow onions allowed growth during the first 3 days of storage, followed by reduction to nondetectable levels. Although the antimicrobial effect of onions is attributed mainly to the polyphenols, factors such as tissue integrity or water content in internal tissues may hinder the deleterious effects of poly-phenols against Salmonella.
Integration of Multi-Modal Imaging and Machine Learning Visualization Techniques to Optimize Structural Neuroimaging
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Waisberg Ethan , Ong Joshua , Paladugu Phani , Amiri Dylan , Nahouraii Robert , Jagadeesan Ram , Tavakkoli Alireza
Published: November 2024

This review examines recent advancements and persistent challenges in corticospinal tract (CST) visualization, highlighting its critical role in motor function assessment and neurosurgical planning. Despite improvements in imaging techniques, CST visualization continues to face issues related to variability in imaging protocols, data processing methods, and visualization standards, which impact consistency and reproducibility across studies. We explore various AI-driven and machine learning (ML) approaches that offer promising solutions, including high-resolution diffusion MRI (dMRI) tractography, interactive 3D models, and virtual reality systems, which collectively enhance CST interpretability by refining spatial resolution and fiber orientation estimation. Additionally, automated visualization techniques using AI facilitate adaptive visualization, making CST representations more consistent and clinically relevant. High-resolution CST visualization holds potential clinical applications in neurology and neurosurgery, particularly for diagnosing and managing stroke, multiple sclerosis (MS), and concussion—disorders where motor pathway integrity is crucial for treatment planning and prognosis. However, a lack of standardization and interoperability among CST visualization tools remains a significant barrier, impeding cross-study comparisons and clinical integration. This review underscores the need for standardized protocols and collaborative efforts within the neuroimaging community to establish best practices, enabling reliable and actionable CST visualization in clinical and research settings. Addressing these challenges may further improve diagnostic accuracy, therapeutic planning, and the overall understanding of motor-related neurological disorders.
A New Varying-Factor Finite-Time Recurrent Neural Network to Online Solving Time-Varying Sylvester Equation
Authors: Tan Haoming , Wu Junyun , Guan Hongjie , Zhang Zhijun , Tao Lin , Zhao Qingmin , Li Chunquan
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a varying-parameter finite-time recurrent neural network, called varying-factor finite-time recurrent-neural-network(VFFTNN), which is able to solve the solution of the time-varying Sylvester equation online. The proposed neural network makes the matrix coefficients vary with time and can achieve convergence in a finite time. Apart from this, the performance of the network is better than traditional networks in terms of robustness. It is theoretically proved that the proposed neural network has super exponential convergence performance. Simulation results demonstrate that this neural network has faster convergence speed and better robustness than the return to zero neural networks, and can effectively track the theoretical solution of the time-varying Sylvester equation.
Evaluation of 3D Transesophageal Echocardiography for Aortic Regurgitation
Authors: Yamanaka Shota , Takanashi Shuichiro , Shimokawa Tomoki , Kunihara Takashi
Published: November 2024

Background: Valve-sparing root replacement surgery is an alternative strategy for patients with aortic regurgitation with or without aortic root enlargement. A detailed understanding of the mechanisms of regurgitation and the morphology of the aortic root would be beneficial for predicting the feasibility and success of valve-sparing surgery. Methods: Transesophageal echocardiographic findings and long-term outcomes were compared in 124 patients undergoing either valve-sparing root replacement (VSRR group) or composite valve graft replacement (Bentall group) from September 2014 to March 2019. Results: The VSRR group was younger and had better left ventricular function than the Bentall group. Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography showed that geometric height was significantly larger in the VSRR group. In receiver-operating curve analysis, the cutoff values of geometric height for feasibility of valve-sparing surgery were 15.9 mm and 19.8 mm in the tricuspid and bicuspid aortic valve, respectively. Overall survival was 98.6% and the freedom from reoperation rate was 89.7% at 5 years in the VSRR group. Conclusions: Adequate geometric height can predict the suitability and durability of valve-sparing root replacement.
Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Glaucoma Treatment: A Review Bridging the Gap in Veterinary Patients
Authors: Moreira Alícia de Sousa , Lopes Bruna , Sousa Ana Catarina , Coelho André , Sousa Patrícia , Araújo Ana , Delgado Esmeralda , Alvites Rui , Maurício Ana Colette
Published: November 2024

Retinal diseases are characterized by progressive damage to retinal cells, leading to irreversible vision loss. Among these, glaucoma stands out as a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease involving elevated intraocular pressure, retinal ganglion cell apoptosis, and optic nerve damage, ultimately resulting in blindness in both humans and dogs. Stem cell-based therapies have emerged as a promising therapeutic option for such conditions due to their regenerative and neuroprotective potential. These therapies, particularly those based on mesenchymal stem cells, offer the potential to repair and protect retinal tissues through the bioactive molecules (growth factors, cytokines, chemokines) secreted, their secretome. However, research in this field, especially on the use of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells’ secretome, remains sparse. Most clinical trials focus on human glaucomatous patients, leaving a significant gap in veterinary patients’ application, especially in dogs, additional research being needed to determine its usefulness in canine glaucoma treatment. Future studies should aim to evaluate these therapies across both human and veterinary contexts, broadening treatment possibilities for glaucoma.
Glucagon Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Diabetic Kidney Disease: From Bench to Bed-Side
Authors: Abdelrahman Aly M , Awad Alaa S , Hasan Irtiza , Abdel-Rahman Emaad M
Published: November 2024

Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are currently available for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. They have been shown to help with diabetic kidney diseases through multiple mechanisms.
In this review, we will shed light on the different mechanisms of actions through which GLP-1 receptor agonists may achieve their roles in renal protection in diabetics; both in animal and human studies as well as review their safety profile in diabetic patients.