bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Structured Approach to Psychiatric Day Care
Authors: Vaughan Phillip J , Prechner Mary
Published: April 2015

Although the value of specific treatment programmes in psychiatric day care is usually self-evident, the less overt benefits of attendance, such as relief from loneliness, are less obvious. A study is described which investigated the acceptability to patients of a structured approach to day care and whether less formal gains could be attributed to such an approach. Results of interviews with 35 ex-day-patients showed overwhelming support for a structured approach which, as a by-product, provided a number of incidental benefits. There was little support for the drop-in method of day care and a small group of patients who had difficulties with social interaction would have preferred treatment on a sessional basis.
Designing Computer Training to Meet Clinical Needs for Occupational Therapy Students: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Green Sharon
Published: April 2015

In the spring of 1985, 52 finalist occupational therapy students in Liverpool completed questionnaires relating computer experience on clinical placement to needs for changing computer curriculum content in college. Computing must now be regarded as a common treatment medium: More than half of the students worked in a department with at least one computer for client treatment. However, use of the new technology was not optimal and the reasons for this are discussed. The observed applications for computing are reported, as are student recommendations for future college-based computer training.
Inter-Agency Cooperation: Health and Social Services — An Occupational Therapy Perspective
Authors: Davies Fred
Published: April 2015

Articles concerned with cooperation between health and social services often concentrate on problems and failings. Also, they are rarely based on direct research. This article offers ideas on the factors that assist cooperation, which have been gathered from involved professionals. It gives the results of a questionnaire completed by community occupational therapy managers, which sought their views on the relative importance of these factors. It also gives some interesting insights into how nurses, social workers and doctors are viewed by the same group.
Post-Registration In-Service Training for Basic Grade Occupational Therapists, Plymouth Health Authority
Authors: Hale Sally , Paul Barbara , Stanbury Catherine
Published: April 2015

This article describes the structure and organization of a one-year post-registration in-service training for basic grade occupational therapists. Consideration is given both to the success of the course and the problems encountered during the year.
The Village Game
Authors: Masterson Eileen
Published: April 2015

This article describes a board game developed in the Crescent Occupational Therapy Department, Bexley Hospital, for use with psychogeriatric patients. The objectives include socialization, mental stimulation and orientation, and the game has been found useful for those difficult to motivate.
Biological Sciences in Occupational Therapy Education: A Review Carried Out at One Occupational Therapy School
Authors: Tyldesley Barbara
Published: April 2015

This paper looks at pre-entry examination passes in the biological sciences at ‘O’ and ‘A’ level and the effect that these have on occupational therapy students' performance in anatomy and physiology in the first year of the course at the Liverpool College of Occupational Therapy. Results suggest that there was no significant relationship between the two in six out of the seven years studied (1977–1984).
Tenosynovitis of Hand and Wrist: A Literature Review
Authors: Chandani Ashok
Published: April 2015

This literature review of tenosynovitis of hand and wrist concentrates on the definition of tenosynovitis, aetiology and causative factors, site of occurrence, general methods of treatment and specific occupational therapy procedures. Despite extensive research into tenosynovitis, very little is yet known about causative factors. There also continues to be much controversy surrounding how to use splinting and the usefulness of rest in the treatment of tenosynovitis. On the basis of descriptive studies it can be said that tenosynovitis mostly affects the wrist and hand and more commonly the extensor tendon of the right/dominant hand. It is suggested that tenosynovitis occurs more commonly in females and the peak incidence is in the 35–40 years age group. Common opinions regarding causative factors are work related, infections and manifestations of diseases. Treatment of tenosynovitis mostly lies in rest and splinting and some suggest that electrotherapy and diathermy may help. If conservative treatment fails, many advocate surgery.
Outpatient Benzodiazepine Withdrawal and the Occupational Therapist
Authors: Stopforth Brenda
Published: April 2015

Prolonged use of benzodiazepines (minor tranquillizers) can cause physical and psychological dependence and intoxication. There are often severe withdrawal symptoms when the drugs are reduced or stopped, forming a problem which is becoming increasingly recognized. This article describes the work being carried out in a community setting by two senior occupational therapists who have started outpatient benzodiazepine withdrawal groups. It outlines the problem, the difficulties experienced during withdrawal, the selection of group members, and the organization of the groups and their content. The article concludes with two brief case studies.
Perceptual Disorders in Neurological Disease Part 2
Authors: Bechinger Dorothee , Tallis Raymond
Published: April 2015

This second paper on perceptual problems in neurological disease discusses the prevalence of perceptual problems and their correlation with the anatomical site of damage. Hypotheses as to the mechanism of perceptual deficit are reviewed. The clinical tests for perceptual deficits are described. Finally, the authors discuss the practical management of patients and critically review some of the newer forms of treatment.
The Use of Touch Sensitive Screens in Rehabilitation Therapy
Authors: Smart Steve , Richards Dave
Published: April 2015

The advent of low cost touch screens for computers such as the BBC microcomputer has made it possible for educationalists and therapists to experiment with a unique method of computer interaction which was not previously open to them. This article describes the results of the authors' early attempts to use touch screens. The work it describes is being carried out as part of a wide-ranging study into the applications of microcomputers in the field of occupational therapy at the Dundee University Microcomputer Centre.
A Modification of the Northwick Park ADL Index (The Australian ADL Index)
Authors: Spencer Carol , Clark Michael , Smith Dennis S
Published: April 2015

A modification of the Northwick Park ADL Index is being used by the Daw House Rehabilitation Unit, Repatriation General Hospital, South Australia. The modifications include some changes to make the test more suitable for Australian conditions, more specific task components, and observation of actual performance of the tasks rather than of simulation. It is applied to all stroke patients admitted to the unit, under test conditions. Scores are entered into a computer program and may be printed as a histogram. The results are available to clinical staff for treatment planning and evaluation, and to research staff as a research instrument. Data are being collected to evaluate the use of the ADL Index to predict the outcome of rehabilitation.
Bridging the Gap in Clinical Supervision
Authors: Booy Martin J , Lawson Anne
Published: April 2015

Clinical experience is an essential component of therapist education and training schools are the first to acknowledge the contribution of the clinical supervisor. The Salford School has pioneered both first and second generation Diploma 1981 courses and the article suggests ways in which training schools can promote and encourage an integrated approach to professional training, by ‘bridging the gap’ to the clinical supervisor.
Theory in Occupational Therapy: A Summary
Authors: Candlish Erica J
Published: April 2015

The aim of this article is to draw together and summarize the work of a variety of different theorists. Occupational therapy expands and changes to meet the needs of those requiring its services, and it progresses according to input from practising, researching and teaching therapists. The work of some major contributors is briefly outlined.
Occupational Therapy and Cancer Rehabilitation
Authors: Strong Jenny
Published: April 2015

The occupational therapy literature and oncology rehabilitation literature were examined to determine the extent of occupational therapy involvement in the treatment of cancer patients. There has been a development of occupational therapy services for many such patients. It is in the areas of terminal care, post-surgical treatment and paediatric oncology that the occupational therapy role has been most extensively documented. Directions for future occupational therapy practice are made.
A Study of the Effectiveness of Certain Occupational Therapy Group Techniques in the Assessment of the Acutely Disturbed Adult Psychiatric Patient
Authors: Crouch Rosemary B
Published: April 2015

This article is based on research which was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of two types of group work in the assessment of acutely disturbed adult psychiatric patients. The effectiveness of groups for assessment was determined by comparing the occupational therapy assessments of patients after one group session with those assessments made by other professional team members over the period of one week. The study was carried out at two acute psychiatric units in Johannesburg. Thirty patients were assessed by the author and by four members of the team. The five assessments were compared for each patient by statistical analysis. The results indicate that there is no significant difference between the five assessments or between the assessments undertaken in the art groups and those undertaken in the discussion groups. The short-term assessments of patients during these two types of group work is therefore effective.
Combined Treatment Approach in the Management of a 12-year-Old Boy Presenting with Disturbance of Emotions
Authors: McKie Sue , Mathai John
Published: April 2015

This article is a case presentation to illustrate the combined use of individual and group therapy within a family therapy approach.
The Performance of Normal Elderly People on the Rivermead Perceptual Assessment Battery
Authors: Lincoln Nadina B , Clarke David
Published: April 2015

The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between age and intelligence and scores on the Rivermead Perceptual Assessment Battery (RPAB) in elderly subjects. A series of 100 normal elderly people were assessed in their own homes on the RPAB. Age was found not to affect performance on most RPAB tests but intelligence had a greater effect. Few significant differences were found between the performance of elderly subjects and the younger group from whom the test norms were derived. The RPAB was found to be suitable for use with elderly subjects.
A Comparison between Parenting a Normal and a Handicapped Child throughout a Life Span
Authors: Rodger Sylvia
Published: April 2015

This paper addresses the changing demands of parenting handicapped and normal children throughout various stages of the life span — Pregnancy, the toddler, childhood and adolescent years, and adult children. Various issues which become critical at each of these stages are discussed and similarities and differences in parenting and child-rearing practices for these two groups are outlined. The paper highlights the fact that occupational therapists have many valuable specialist skills and a broad knowledge base from which to offer assistance to parents grappling with parenting a handicapped child.
Should ‘We’ Put Our Patients under Pressure?
Authors: Garner Ruth
Published: April 2015

In 1978 the author's predecessor introduced pressure garments into the occupational therapy department as a method of preventing and correcting post-burn hypertrophic scarring. Since then they have treated over 700 patients and in 1986–87 made upwards of 2,400 garments. In this article the treatment, management and financial implications of this service are discussed in the light of past experience and present situation.
Planning Ability in Schizophrenia: A Comparative Study
Authors: Johnston Fiona , Spratt Graham
Published: April 2015

A group of schizophrenic patients were compared with a control group of non-psychiatric subjects and a control group of non-schizophrenic psychiatric subjects. A measure of abstract planning ability was used and results showed that there was a significant difference between planning ability for psychiatric and non-psychiatric subjects. The results did not discriminate between schizophrenic and non-schizophrenic patients. The influence of variables such as hospitalization and medication could not be excluded as possible causes for this result.
Biofeedback and the Computer
Authors: Crofts Felicity , Crofts John
Published: April 2015

A television programme on the benefits of technology for disabled people stimulated interest in the possibility of electromyographic techniques providing biofeedback via the computer. A review of the literature suggests that this subject is little publicized in the UK compared with other countries. The advent of the Myolink has facilitated computer-enhanced biofeedback for the occupational therapist. The use of the Myolink with orthopaedic patients is described.
Annual Survey of Occupational Therapy Students: Reasons for Drop-Out
Authors: Paterson Catherine F
Published: April 2015

This paper outlines the collated results of the numbers of students starting occupational therapy courses in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland from 1975 to 1983 and the numbers of and reasons for students leaving the course. Findings indicate that the main reasons for student drop-out are failure in academic assessments and wrong career choice, but the proportion of students leaving for these reasons from individual schools vary.
Acquisition and Use of Communication Aids by Those Buying Aids Directly from the Supplier
Authors: Stowe Janet , Rowley Corinne , Chamberlain M Anne
Published: April 2015

Assessment of the patient for a communication aid can be a complicated procedure, particularly in the case of those with multiple handicap. A wide range of professionals may need to be involved in the assessment. It was known that a number of people acquired communication aids directly from the manufacturers. A study was set up to investigate why this happened, what advice was available to such patients and the result of their action. Manufacturers of six of the most frequently used electronic aids supplied names of private buyers who were contacted by postal questionnaire over a 9-month period. Of the 34 respondents, 12 used no other form of communication other than their aid. Reasons for acquiring an aid included speech loss (9) and writing problems (6). There were 16 sources of information about their communication aid and 25 had tried their aid prior to acquisition. Nine taught themselves how to use their aid. Few (4) were used in large groups, but 25 used their aids at home and 9 at school. Although satisfaction with the aids was expressed, it is probable that patients had other uninvestigated but related difficulties, and that the aids they procured were not necessarily the most appropriate for them. It was evident that some had not had access to full assessment and after purchase had no known professional route for obtaining further help. These needs should be addressed.
Can They Do Anything? Ten Single-Subject Studies of the Engagement Level of Hospitalized Demented Patients
Authors: Conroy M C , Fincham Felicity , Agard-Evans Catherine
Published: April 2015

The authors used a time-sampling method and a single-case experimental design to see if 10 hospitalized demented patients were more engaged during activity sessions than when they were on the wards. They all participated more fully in the activity sessions. There was some improvement on the Clifton Assessment Procedure for the Elderly scores during phase B when the patients were attending the activity sessions, but it was small and might be attributed to other factors. The individual patients varied greatly in their participation and choice of activities, despite their infirmities.
Training in Life Skills for Community-Based People with a Mental Handicap
Authors: French Jill
Published: April 2015

This article is an account of a unit which provides facilities for assessment and training in skills of independent living for mentally handicapped people who are already living in the community. Many of these people have never been long-term hospital residents but have lived in the community with little or no training facility available to meet their specific needs.
The Occupational Therapist for People with a Mental Handicap
Authors: Curry Michael
Published: April 2015

This article analyses a specialist occupational therapist's role with clients with a mental handicap. The study was based on recorded, empirical observation and undertook a detailed review of the author's subsequent performance in the Woodspring area of Avon.
Qualitative Research Methods in Occupational Therapy
Authors: Robertson Linda
Published: April 2015

A wide variety of research methods are appropriate for use in occupational therapy. Most publicity has been given to quantitative methods and it is of interest to note that the approach most frequently reported in the British Journal of Occupational Therapy is the use of questionnaires. Very little has been written about the use of qualitative methods. The purpose of this article is to clarify what is meant by the term ‘qualitative methods' and to elaborate on the benefits of using such an approach to research.
Thumbnail Sketches of Disabling Diseases Encountered by Community Staff: Part 4
Authors: Sutcliffe Pip
Published: April 2015

The articles in this short series for associate members sketch the major features of some long-term diseases commonly encountered by health and social service workers helping people in their own homes. They provide a starting point for understanding the problems of sufferers and their carers in adjusting their lives to these disabling conditions, particularly as they affect family life. Health and social service workers will develop their own sensitivity to life issues raised by these illnesses through further reading and experience.
The Management of Resources: An Overview
Authors: Bumphrey Eileen E
Published: April 2015

Occupational therapy managers have to set objectives which correlate with those for the health and social services and work towards achieving them through the management of resources. Cooperation in the collection of data, to give an adequate overview of the needs of the service as well as the actual resources available, requires an understanding of formal information systems: Körner, performance indicators, resource management, clinical budgeting and performance reviews can be used to manage services more efficiently and realistically.
To Rotate or Not to Rotate: That is the Question
Authors: Lansdowne Jane
Published: April 2015

A study set out to establish the perceived needs of final year occupational therapy students when seeking their first appointments as basic grade occupational therapists (December 1986 to March 1987). The results of this study were then used to review the existing basic grade rotational scheme in Central Nottinghamshire Health Authority.
‘Fair Dinkum’: Two British Occupational Therapists' Experience of Community Occupational Therapy in Australia
Authors: Ferry Kathleen , MacKenzie Lynette
Published: April 2015

This article is not intended as a criticism of either the British or the Australian system, but as an observation to facilitate an exchange of ideas and to prepare anyone who may be anticipating working abroad. It comprises two sections, one written by each occupational therapist, and describes their separate experiences in two different areas of community occupational therapy in Australia.
New Horizons
Authors: Norris Rachel
Published: April 2015

This paper describes the rationale for establishing a pre-work skills course for long-term unemployed people, who have a history of mental illness; discusses the course in detail, with data of the outcomes of three courses; and evaluates the course in general and future plans.
Occupational Therapy within the Primary Health Care Team
Authors: Bumphrey Eileen E
Published: April 2015

If disabled and elderly people are to become members of the community and not be relegated to an institutional existence, community health care services have to be developed in order to support them and their carers at home and to assist them to maintain their dignity and independence. The provision of such services by teams of various professions, of which occupational therapy is a part, has become a growth area over the past few years. It is continuing to grow and many initiatives are being tried. This article outlines the scheme introduced by the Norwich Health Authority and the occupational therapist's role within it. Data were collected from 528 closed cases during April to August 1987.
The Role of Body Image in the Development of Bulimia
Authors: Martin Joan E
Published: April 2015

The subject of body image is reviewed. The cultural, environmental and social influences are examined in relation to attitudes towards body image.
Expanding Reminiscence Therapy with Elderly Mentally Infirm Patients
Authors: Martin Jane M
Published: April 2015

This article describes the initiation of a personal history form, aimed to enhance reminiscence therapy with elderly mentally infirm patients. It discusses the use of the form and its application to treatment.
Setting up an Occupational Therapy Programme for Drug Addicts
Authors: Busuttil Joseph
Published: April 2015

This article looks at the background to drug abuse in Malta, the planning of an occupational therapy programme for drug addicts, and the operation of the programme in the first year. Some of the problems in dealing with this type of client are discussed, and the role of the occupational therapist in this challenging field is evaluated.
A Case for Occupational Therapy: Integrating Children with Mental and Physical Handicap into Mainstream Education
Authors: Ait-Hocine Nadia
Published: April 2015

This article describes an attempt to establish the extent and adequacy of medical and paramedical involvement (particularly that of occupational therapy) with disabled children in mainstream education. Eight teachers and three occupational therapists were invited to voice their opinions. The results indicated that this service was considered to be totally inadequate.
The Attainment of Professional Attitudes: The Use of Group Work in a Clinical and a School Based Setting
Authors: Wallis Diana , Hutchings Susan
Published: April 2015

This article discusses the role of professional attitudes during a 3-year Diploma programme. A comparison is made between a clinical practice based group and one held in a school setting which is a component of the curriculum. The groups' relative strengths and weaknesses in contributing to students' professional competence are discussed.
Receiving Referrals: Decision Making by the Community Occupational Therapist
Authors: Grime Hilary
Published: April 2015

The article discusses the way in which an initial decision is made when receiving a referral as a community occupational therapist. This often difficult decision is influenced by many factors, such as clinical and social policies, resource constraints, intuition and professional expertise. Theoretical models to clarify decision making — the cognitive continuum, problem solving and formal decision aids — are briefly outlined. A brief outline is also given of the legal, ethical and economic constraints on the decision.
Undressing the Facts: The Problems Encountered by Male Occupational Therapists
Authors: Parish Jonathan , Carr Deborah , Suwinski Margaret , Rees Colin
Published: April 2015

More men are now entering the predominantly female world of occupational therapy. This raises the question of whether gender has any implication for the structure of occupational therapy, particularly at departmental level, and for the individual male concerned. To explore these issues, a third-year student project was designed to identify possible problem areas inherent in being a male occupational therapist. The results are based on 37 postal questionnaires returned by male occupational therapists. Although it was found that there was a high degree of satisfaction with many areas, some problems were encountered in relation to dressing practice, home visits and poor male staff facilities. The conclusion was that there are several problem areas inherent in being a male occupational therapist and that these need to be tackled to prevent them becoming a source of discontent within the profession.
Speechless Occupational Therapy
Authors: Kohl Helga
Published: April 2015

This article describes work carried out in UNWRA centres for handicapped children in Jordan. The contributions occupational therapy can make in such a different cultural environment as well as the problems it has to face are discussed. Finally, mime is focused on as an activity that helps to overcome difficulties with language and expression.
The Use of a Search Conference to Support and Facilitate the Process of Change
Authors: Prosser Sue
Published: April 2015

Against the background of unprecedented change in the Health Service, this article looks at the causes and effects of a major alteration in the delivery of services to people with learning difficulties in Oxfordshire. It describes the strategy used to address the issues and conflicts that emerged.
A Staff Exchange between British and Canadian Health Services
Authors: Knipe Catherine , Haskins Yvonne , Sutcliffe Pip
Published: April 2015

It was felt that the interests of the profession, of developing therapists and of occupational therapy departments would be well served by the cross-fertilisation of ideas likely to result from six-month exchanges between Canadian and British hospitals, as a component of rotational posts. This report describes the arrangements needed for such exchanges.
Study of Occupational Therapy Service Provision in a Regional Neurological Centre
Authors: Urry Annette , Grisbrooke Jani
Published: April 2015

This study quantifies the occupational therapy service required for a neurological ward in a regional unit. Originally set up as a management project to demonstrate the occupational therapy hours needed, it has also given a snapshot of the kind of work done in an 8-week period.
‘I Can Do That’ or Setting-Up and Running a Leisure Activities Course
Authors: Dresner Judith
Published: April 2015

This article describes an experimental course organised by the Department of Occupational Therapy, Liverpool Institute of Higher Education, which was aimed at broadening the knowledge of occupational therapy students and enabling them to enjoy first-hand experience of leisure-time activities and facilities available in the community. The course was started during the first year of training and the emphasis was placed on the facilities available, with brief factual reference to the modifications which might be required for handicapped users. The results were not analysed in any systematic statistical manner, but tabulated simply from the findings and impressions of the students. Evaluation of the course was undertaken by college staff in terms of its value in the overall pattern of training, in extending students' experience and in adding to their knowledge of local facilities, thus increasing their perception of leisure pursuits for handicapped people.
Vibrotactile Stimulation
Authors: Boakes Moura
Published: April 2015

Many occupational therapists appear to be struggling to provide a holistic treatment programme for people with multiple handicaps. A number of the accepted methods of therapy or intervention techniques for mental handicap facilitate the individual to learn by handling and manipulating and are thus not so readily accessible to those with multiple handicaps because of their physical disabilities. This article is intended to show how vibration can be incorporated into therapy programmes for people with mental, multiple and sensory handicaps to obtain an optimum level of function and therefore enhance their quality of life.
The Occupational Therapy Requirements of Inpatients at a District Psychiatric Unit
Authors: Carpenter Peter K , Gardiner Andrew , Palmer Robert L
Published: April 2015

Few guidelines exist for the accommodation and therapy requirements of a psychiatric day hospital for inpatients. The occupational therapy needs of the inpatient population of a 150-bed district general hospital mental illness unit were assessed and the accommodation required estimated. They demonstrated a grossly inadequate provision of ADL space, that the day hospital was not where most inpatients spent their daytime and that a large proportion of the rehabilitation needs were not being met.
‘He Who Can, Does. He Who Cannot, Teaches.’ Is it True for Occupational Therapy?
Authors: Rugg Sue
Published: April 2015

This article compares informally the skills used in occupational therapy in the clinical field and in occupational therapy education. The comparison is structured using the physical, social, cognitive, intrapersonal and interpersonal activity components suggested by Reed and Sanderson.1 Reflection seems to suggest that while there are subtle differences between the two fields, little conflict is apparent in the skills required by each. Occupational therapy education would, therefore, appear to be a good avenue for using the high level of skills developed in clinical practice.
Non-Verbal Communication in a Health Care Setting
Authors: Hall Tim , Lloyd Chris
Published: April 2015

Knowing how non-verbal communication functions in the communication process involves a holistic perspective. The need for effective communication skills is of primary importance to health care workers in providing quality care that will meet the client's varied needs. Through increasing the therapist's awareness of one of the major components of communication —non-verbal signalling — this goal can be reached.
Comparison of Stroke Unit and Non-Stroke Unit Inpatients on Independence in ADL
Authors: Edmans J A , Towle D
Published: April 2015

Independence in activities of daily living was compared between stroke patients on a stroke unit one month after onset and stroke patients in hospital but not on a stroke unit. The functional outcome at 2 years after onset was also compared. Generally, the results showed no significant difference in independence between the groups, at either one-month or 2-year assessments. The exceptions were in the household 1 section of the assessment.
Horticultural Therapy: A Growing Concern, Part 1
Authors: Goodban Anne , Goodban Dave
Published: April 2015

This article takes a look at the down-to-earth activity of horticultural therapy in a psychiatric setting as part of a work skills assessment unit. It is also a practical guide to gardening activities, the grading of horticultural therapy activities which can be used with any client group in a variety of clinical settings, and the problems and hazards which were encountered when setting up such a project. Horticultural therapy is the application of the activity of gardening, which can be selected and graded to suit individuals and groups of all ages, interests and abilities.
An Art Therapy Exhibition: A Retrospective View
Authors: Busuttil Joseph
Published: April 2015

In May 1989, the Maltese Minister of Education and Culture, Dr Ugo Mifsud Bonnici, inaugurated an art therapy exhibition at the National Museum of Archaeology in the capital, Valletta. The exhibition, which lasted 3 weeks, consisted of more than 60 paintings and pottery items, executed over a period of 15 years in the occupational therapy department of the island's sole psychiatric hospital, Mount Carmel. The article looks at the background of the use of art in psychiatry, and its harnessing as a treatment medium in occupational therapy.
Self-Directed Learning as a Post-Basic Educational Continuum
Authors: Hollis Vivien
Published: April 2015

The importance of applying theory to practice has always been a major consideration for occupational therapy training, especially at a pre-qualification level. The focus of this article is on continuing education at a post-basic level with the emphasis on self-assessment and reflective practice in clinical work. The educational process is related to self-directed learning, with recommendations for consideration for implementing a strategy to bridge the theory-practice divide and develop clinical excellence.
Parents as Co-Therapists for Children with Motor-Learning Difficulties: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Maclean Morven F
Published: April 2015

This article reviews the literature on parental participation in the treatment programme of children with motor-learning difficulties. It highlights some of the factors affecting the parents' role as co-therapists for children with motor-learning difficulties, which the occupational therapist has to be aware of when encouraging involvement.
Dance Movement Therapy: An Introduction
Authors: Stanton Kristina
Published: April 2015

This article introduces dance movement therapy, It describes the current status and history of the profession, and discusses several of the principles on which it is based. The article gives a clinical illustration of a dance movement therapy session with psychiatric outpatients. It concludes with some thoughts on the future development of dance movement therapy.
The Needs of Newly Qualified Occupational Therapists
Authors: Parker Catherine E
Published: April 2015

This article discusses the results at a survey of occupational therapists who qualified from the three Scottish occupational therapy courses in 1986 and considers the problems new occupational therapists have in adjusting from being a student to a qualified therapist. It emphasises the need for support and supervision and suggests other approaches that educational establishments, clinicians and new therapists could take to ease this period of adjustment.
The Female Stereotype and Occupational Therapy for Women with Depression
Authors: Bracegirdle Hazel
Published: April 2015

This article, the first in a series of three, examines the possibility that women's greatly increased risk of developing depression may result from a number of social processes. A review of the feminist psychological literature challenges the assumption that biological vulnerability and personality factors are largely responsible for women's suffering. Theories that look at the effects of sex-role socialisation on girls' self-concept and emotional adjustment are briefly considered. Then the traditional and prevalent role of house-wife and its effects on mental health are described. Finally, there is a look at the power relationships between the sexes that probably underpin both women's socialisation and their customary roles.
Affective Changes following Severe Head Injury as Perceived by Patients and Relatives
Authors: McWilliams Steve
Published: April 2015

This article investigates the differences in perceptions of affective changes, following severe head injury, by patients and relatives. Patients attending a specialist rehabilitation centre and a close relative were asked to complete a semantic differential rating scale of the patient's present self, past [premorbid] self and future self (Tyerman and Humphrey1). Both patients and relatives indicated that there were significant changes on a wide range of constructs as a result of the injury. Patients tended to see themselves in a more positive light than relative regarding present self. Both patients and relative anticipated a return to past [premorbid] self within a year. These apparent differences in perceptions of affective changes following severe head injury may have important implications for the amount of support and counselling which needs to be offered to the relative of the head-injury patient during rehabilitation.
Factors Influencing Attendance and Non-Attendance at a Day Unit
Authors: Garvey Chantal
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this study was to look at the factors that determine attendance and non-attendance of long term psychiatrically ill clients at their activity programme in a day unit. Twenty-four clients were interviewed using an interview schedule. The areas covered included the information given to the client before attendance and on arrival, the reception given and the client's attitude towards staffing and the unit. The results showed two significant areas of difference between attenders and non-attenders: attenders knew who their keyworker was whereas non-attenders had little idea; and the non-attenders had not been convinced that the unit could be of benefit to them whereas the attenders saw the unit as being of value. A third area that seems significant to attenders and non-attenders is the perceived lack of information given at the time of their referral and before their first appointment at the unit. It would appear that the keyworker has an important role to play in helping to avoid non-attendance; in addition, the client must perceive the unit as having some value, otherwise non-attendance may follow.
Factors Contributing to Work-Related Stress in Occupational Therapists: Results from a Pilot Study
Authors: Sweeney Grace M , Nicholls Keith A , Kline Paul
Published: April 2015

This article reports the results of a pilot study which set out to design and validate an instrument for the measurement of factors which contribute to work-related stress in a sample of UK-based occupational therapists. One hundred and fifty-six therapists practising in the South West of England participated in the study and the instrument was shown to be a highly reliable and valid tool of measurement. In addition, a preliminary examination of the data highlighted six factors as contributing to work-related stress in this sample group. The article outlines the methodology employed and discusses in some detail the findings in terms of factor content.
The Outcome of Therapy in Stroke Rehabilitation: Do We Know What We are Doing?
Authors: Eakin Pamela
Published: April 2015

How successful are current therapy methods in the rehabilitation of stroke patients? This, the first of two articles, reviews research studies on the outcome of therapy. It focuses, in particular, upon the influence of therapy on the restoration of patients' independence in activities of daily living. It seems that there is little consistent evidence that therapy has any long-term effect in this area.
Sensory Hand Function of the Child with Spina Bifida Myelomeningocele
Authors: Hamilton Ann M
Published: April 2015

Hand dysfunction has seen reported to be present in myelomeningocele children, yet the type, extent and cause of such dysfunction has remained unclear. This study was undertaken to discover if sensory abnormality was present in the hands of myelomeningocele children. Twenty-two children with myelomeningocele lesions below the vertebral level T4 were chosen for assessment and constituted the experimental group. This group was compared with a control group of 22 normal children, each individually matched with the myelomeningocele children for age, sex and hand dominance. Sensory function of the hands for both experimental and control groups was assessed using clinically accepted tests of sensation. Statistical analysis of the results indicated that significant differences were present between myelomeningocele and normal children with myelomeningocele children having significantly poorer sensory function of the hands for light touch (p<0.004), fine joint sense (p<0.0007), position sense (p<0.00009), two-point discrimination (p<0.015), stereognosis (p<0.03) and graphaesthesia (p<0.02). The effects of widespread sensory impairment on the developing child with myelomeningocele are discussed, with particular reference to the development of higher neurological functions in these children. The extent of sensory impairment discovered may be the prime cause of hand dysfunction and clumsy hand use found in previous research.
Stigma: Theoretical Concept and Actual Experience
Authors: Taylor M Clare
Published: April 2015

As occupational therapists we deal with people who are stigmatised. We become, in Goffman's words, the ‘wise’. This article outlines the theoretical concept of stigma. It then examines this concept in the light of research into the actual experience of handicapped individuals. The conclusions drawn are that, whilst the theoretical concept of stigma reminds us that handicap is a social construct, we must not forget the physical disadvantages suffered by many handicapped individuals.
Equipment Review: Bedside Leglifter
Authors: Jepson Jill
Published: April 2015

The reviews of equipment are entirely the personal opinions of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent an official judgement by the College of Occupational Therapists.
Clinical Evidence for the Utilisation and Efficacy of Upper Extremity Joint Mobilisation
Authors: Petersen Paul , Sites Sharon , Grossman Lynn , Humphreys Kim
Published: April 2015

Joint mobilisation is a treatment procedure that has been found to reduce pain and stiffness in many conditions of dysfunction associated with the synovial joint. This procedure is rapidly expanding, as seen in the increase of training workshops available across the USA. Despite the current interest, there remains a need for clinical documentation pertaining to the degree of its usage and effectiveness. Although the time for experimental research on mobilisation has yet to come, the present data provide findings of an exploratory nature about the current status of joint mobilisation. The study is based on a survey of American and Canadian therapists who participated in introductory workshops on joint mobilisation to determine its utilisation and perceived effectiveness. The results indicated that of 112 trained therapists employed in a setting with patients suitable for mobilisation, 95% were using the procedure in their treatment. Respondents rated the perceived efficacy of mobilisation at 2.52 on a scale of one to seven (one being most positive), indicating that it was useful in patient treatment. Areas of practice where respondents most often used mobilisation were orthopaedics and neurology, with some application in paediatrics and bums. A majority of the sample recommended that joint mobilisation be incorporated in basic entry level education, whereas some believed it would be better placed in postgraduate continuing education.
Three Good Reasons Why You Should Come to the Conference
Authors: Graham Christine
Published: April 2015

The College of Occupational Therapists' 17th Annual Conference and Trade Exhibition, Wednesday 15 to Friday 17 July 1992, Loughborough University of Technology
The Study of Human Occupations: Implications for Research in Occupational Therapy
Authors: Fossey Ellie
Published: April 2015

This article outlines the need to develop a body of research in occupational therapy which, firstly, supports the theoretical base of the profession and, secondly, enables occupational therapists to define the scope of their practice and their contribution to the promotion of health and well-being in society. It proposes the study of human occupation as a focus for research, from which greater knowledge and understanding of occupations and their significance for health could be gained. Further, the dimensions and research potential of this field are explored.
Wheelchair Stump Boards and Their Use with Lower Limb Amputees
Authors: White Elizabeth A
Published: April 2015

A three-part study was undertaken into the supply of wheelchair stump boards by the Disablement Services Authority and their use by therapists and by patients with an amputation. The research highlighted the importance of stump boards in the prevention of post-operative complications occurring in the stump, and showed that the delay that frequently occurs when stump boards are ordered necessitates the manufacture of temporary models in occupational therapy departments. With the devolution of the wheelchair service to the NHS in 1991, it will be interesting to see if the needs of the individual patient gain higher priority.
The Diamond Jubilee of the Professional Association, 1932–1992: An Historical Review
Authors: Jay Peggy , Mendez Alicia , Monteath Hester G
Published: April 2015

The Golden Jubilee edition of the British Journal of Occupational Therapy in May 1982 recorded one half century of professional progress. This article records some landmarks in the development of occupational therapy as an organised profession within the United Kingdom over the past 60 years.
Community Occupational Therapy: Past Dreams and New Visions
Authors: Richards Sheelagh E
Published: April 2015

The traditional concept of community occupational therapy services, located in local authorities and developing to meet the needs of the broad range of social services' client groups, is being challenged by the NHS and community care reforms. This article reflects on past aspirations, considers emerging trends and invites community occupational therapists to participate more fully in developing the profession's views on its future.
Early Home Rehabilitation for the Patient with a Hip Fracture
Authors: Byers Deirdre , Parker Martyn
Published: April 2015

This article is a report on the Peterborough hip fracture project, which is uniquely facilitated by the availability of the hospital at home service. It discusses the results of the first 44 months of the project and describes the role of the occupational therapist in this team approach to the management of the elderly patient with a broken hip.
Poor Functional Status of Stroke Patients after Hospital Discharge: Scope for Intervention?
Authors: Corr Susan , Bayer Antony
Published: April 2015

In a follow-up study of stroke patients discharged from hospital after inpatient rehabilitation in a stroke unit, day-to-day functioning was assessed using the Barthel Index and the Frenchay Activities Index. Levels of dependency recorded at discharge tended to persist or worsen over the subsequent 7 to 12 months and very few patients returned to any domestic, leisure or outdoor activities once they were back in the community. Those in residential care were especially disadvantaged. Contact with health and social services was minimal. The findings suggest that there is considerable need for continuing support and intervention for stroke patients after in-hospital rehabilitation. The occupational therapist would seem potentially well-suited to this role.
Devising an Assessment Package for an Employment Rehabilitation Service
Authors: Oxley Celia
Published: April 2015

The investigations required before selecting appropriate pre-vocational assessment tools for clients, mainly with mental health problems, in a work rehabilitation unit included reviewing available research projects, literature and assessments, and looking at locally available resources. It was necessary to find out why an assessment package was required and what it should assess, then appropriate tools could be chosen for the package. The assessment package selected comprises an application form, a detailed interview and an observation of the client's mental state followed by three standardised assessments. The first assesses temperament (introversion/extroversion and reaction to stress), the second assesses life-style preferences (interests and attitudes) and the third assesses basic work-related skills. The final part of the assessment package is an observation of performance in a workshop setting.