bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Profil Keterampilan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa dalam Memecahkan Masalah Matematika Ditinjau dari Kepribadian
Authors: Azis Nur Afiah
Published: January 2019

Abstrak
Kemampuan berpikir kreatif merupakan suatu hal yang sangat diperlukan untuk mendorong seseorang terampil memecahkan masalah. Setiap orang mempunyai cara berpikir kreatif yang berbeda karena setiap orang mempunyai tipe keperibadian yang beragam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan profil keterampilan berpikir kreatif siswa bertipe kepribadian sanguinis, koleris, melankolis, dan phlegmatis dalam memecahkan masalah matematika. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan subjek penelitian berjumlah tujuh siswa Gradien Private yang terdiri dari satu subjek pada masing-masing tipe kepribadian. Data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini yaitu data hasil tes kepribadian, data hasil tes pemecahan masalah, dan data hasil wawancara. Tes pemecahan masalah dianalisis dengan mendeskripsikan komponen-komponen berpikir kreatif, yaitu kefasihan, fleksibilitas, dan kebaruan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap tipe kepribadian mempunyai keterampilan berpikir kreatif yang berbeda-beda dalam memecahkan masalah. Tipe kepribadian phlegmatis mampu menunjukkan komponen kefasihan, fleksibilitas, dan kebaruan. Tipe kepribadian sanguinis, dan koleris mampu menunjukkan komponen kefasihan, dan fleksibilitas, sedangkan tipe kepribadian melankolis hanya mampu menunjukkan komponen kefasihan. Semua tipe kepribadian menggunakan cara coba-coba dalam memecahkan masalah.

Kata kunci: Berpikir kreatif, pemecahan masalah, tipe kepribadian.

Abstract
Creative thinking ability is needed to push everyone to solve the problem skill fully. Everyone has different way in creative thinking because everyone has different personality type. The aim of this research is to describe the profile of creative thinking skill of students personality type sanguine, choleric, melancholic, and phlegmatic in problem solving. This research is descriptive using qualitative approach. This research is conducted on 7 students at Gradien Private consist of one subjects in each personality type. The data obtained in this research are personality test data, problem solving test data, and interview data. Problem solving test is analyzed by describing the creative thinking components those are fluency, flexibility, and novelty. The result shows that each personality type has different creative thinking skill in solving problem. Phlegmatic personality types is able to show the components of fluency, flexibility, and novelty. Sanguine, and choleric personality types are able to show the components of fluency, and flexibility, but personality type of melancholic is only able to show fluency components. Those four personality types use trial and error to solve the problem
Mengajarkan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Suhartono Suhartono
Published: January 2019

Abstrak
Artikel ini membahas tentang mengajarkan pemecahan masalah matematika di sekolah dasar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah analisa literatur. Beberapa literatur yang berhubungan dengan pemecahan masalah dan pemecahan masalah matematika dianalisa untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang cara mengajarkan pemecahan masalah matematika di sekolah dasar.
Pemecahan masalah merupakan sebuah kompetensi yang harus dikuasai oleh peserta didik dalam pembelajaran matematika. Hal ini sebagaimana yang terdapat dalam kurikulum pendidikan Indonesia. Kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika peserta didik pada tingkat pendidikan yang lebih tinggi, sangat tergantung kepada pengalaman belajar peserta didik ketika di jenjang sekolah dasar. Oleh karena itu, mengajarkan pemecahan masalah matematika sejak jenjang sekolah dasar merupakan sesuatu yang penting.
Kemampuan pemecahan masalah (problem solving) setidaknya membutuhkan dua kemampuan, yaitu (1) kemampuan untuk mengidentifikasi masalah, dan (2) kemampuan untuk merencanakan strategi untuk memecahkan masalah. Kemampuan memecahkan masalah merupakan salah satu bentuk keterampilan kognitif. Dengan demikian, kemampuan pemecahan masalah ini akan tergantung setidaknya pada dua hal. Pertama, pengetahuan awal yang dimiliki oleh peserta didik (previous knowledge). Kedua, kemampuan peserta didik untuk memanggil pengetahuan yang tersimpan dalam memori jangka panjangnya (long-term memory).
Mengajarkan pemecahan masalah matematika di jenjang sekolah dasar membutuhkan sejumlah kemampuan. Pertama, kemampuan mengajarkan cara untuk mengidentifikasi masalah matematika yang sesuai dengan tingkat perkembangan kognitif peserta didik. Kedua, kemampuan untuk mengajarkan strategi untuk memecahkan masalah matematika
Kata kunci: Pemecahan Masalah, Pemecahan Masalah Matematika, Sekolah Dasar

Abstract
This article discusses about how to teach mathemathical problem solving on elementary school. The method that is used to write this article is literature analysis. Some literatures which are related to problem solving and mathematical problem solving are analysed in order to find information about how to teach mathematical problem solving on elementary school.
Problem solving is a competency that is has to be mastered by students in mathemathics education. It is stated in Indonesian curriculum document. The ability of students to solve mathematical problem on higher education is rely on their ability to solve mathematical problem on elementary school. For this reason, it is important to teach mathematical problem solving since elementary school.
Problem solving need minimally two abilities, that are (1) the ability to identify the problem, and (2) the ability to plan a strategy to solve the problem. Problem solving is one kind of cognitive skills. For this reason, this skill is depended on two factors. Firstly, previous knowledge that is own by the student. Secondly, the ability of student to retrieve the information from long-term memory.
PERSEPSI, SOSIAL EKONOMI, FAKTOR BUDAYA DENGAN PEMILIHAN PENOLONG PERSALINAN DI DESA LAMBUSANGO KABUPATEN BUTON
Authors: Taswin Taswin , Amun Zaltia
Published: January 2019

Selection of birth attendants is a service form towards labor of a mother who is done by health workers such as doctor and midwife or a soothsayer. This study aimed to find out the correlation between perception, social-economy, culture and selection of birth attendants at lambusango chief in kapontori subdistrict, Buton regency. Research design was the analytic method with the cross-sectional approach. Total sample was 67 respondents. The result of study was analyzed by using Chi square with p value < 0.05. This study found that there was a correlation between perception and selection of birth attendants (p value = 0.003<0.05), there was a correlation between culture and selection of birth attendants (p value = 0.003<0,05) and there was no correlation between social economy and selection of birth attendants (p value = 0.690>0.05). The conclusion of study is perception and culture variable have a correlation with selection of the attendants while social economy has no correlation.
Deleuze's Theory of Dialectical Ideas: The Influence of Lautman and Heidegger
Authors: Bahoh James
Published: January 2019

In Différence et répétition, Deleuze's ontology is structured by his theory of dialectical Ideas or problems, which draws features from Plato, Kant, and classical calculus. Deleuze unifies these features through a theory of Ideas/problems developed by the mathematician and philosopher Albert Lautman. Lautman worked to explain the nature of the problems or dialectical Ideas mathematics engages and the solutions or mathematical theories endeavouring to understand them. Lautman drew upon Heidegger to do this. This article (1) clarifies Deleuze's theory of dialectical Ideas/problems by analysing its debts to Lautman and Heidegger and (2) demonstrates a Heideggerian influence on Deleuze via Lautman.
Introduction: Exiled from Oneself– Art and Other Strange Migrations …
Authors: Zepke Stephen
Published: January 2019

The sublime is a philosophical concept for an experience or sensation that exceeds its subjective conditions, and as such is unrepresentable. The introduction will sketch its development from Edmund Burke’s A Philosophical Enquiry Into the Origin of our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful (1757) where it is distinguished from the beautiful and associated with terror, to Kant’s extension of it in his Critique of Judgment (1790). As Kant remains the source of all the contemporary versions of the sublime we will be concerned with, it will be important to have an understanding of his work. In particular, Kant’s affirmation of the autonomy of the aesthetic realm of sensation, and is development of the sublime as an experience that goes beyond its human conditions of possibility will be central to the book. The sublime experience itself can appear within a variety of different affects, but its dominant mode, beginning with Burke, is one of overwhelming terror and pain. Although this affect is important to its aesthetic trajectory, we shall understand the sublime in the somewhat altered sense in which Nietzsche claimed overcoming the human involved the pain of childbirth. In other words the experience of the sublime, and the emergence in Kant’s account of the transcendental realm of the Ideas that reconstitutes human subjectivity, will be rethought as a generative and aesthetic event that takes us beyond our bio-political conditions of possible experience, and expresses the vital force of the future as the transcendental dimension of our material reality. As Antonio Negri has put it, sublime art is the embodiment of an event in action, and as such ‘Art is simultaneously the creation and reproduction of the absolute singular’ (Art and Multitude (Polity press, 2011)).
‘Contempt for the world’ – Kant’s Aesthetics and the Sublime1
Authors: Zepke Stephen
Published: January 2019

A book on sublime art must begin with Kant’s theory of the sublime. First, because it is the focus of our central authors (Lyotard, Deleuze and Guattari, Rancière and Derrida), whether they affirm, deny or deconstruct it. Second, because Kant’s description of ‘aesthetic’ experience is foundational for ‘aesthetics’as a philosophical discipline and has been central to the theorisation of art from Romanticism until today. Third, because of the not always simple pleasure of exploring Kant’s amazing system. And finally, fourth, because the sublime provides irresistible drama as it emerges in all its monstrous ambiguity, the paradoxical– but no less necessary–Collapse and fulfilment of Kant’s system in an experience of the supersensible rising from the ashes of human experience.
Framing the Abyss – The Deconstruction of the Sublime
Authors: Zepke Stephen
Published: January 2019

Both Derrida and Deleuze develop transcendental philosophy in the direction of difference, and both use the sublime to dissolve the bridge it supposedly forms between the sensible and supersensible, just as both see the foundation of experience to be transcendental difference. As well, they share a conception of difference that rejects the principle of contradiction, a difference that conditions everything but is not itself given. Perhaps it is this that inspired Derrida to claim ‘nearly total affinity’with Deleuze’s philosophical ‘theses’ (2001: 192).
Nevertheless, there are fundamental differences between their respective accounts of difference. For Derrida, transcendental différance deconstructs the possibility of any supersensible ‘outside’ emerging from the sublime experience (différance is the condition of its impossibility, we might say), and so poses itself against any form of empiricism, including Deleuze’s ‘superior’ or ‘transcendental’ version.
Selling the War
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Idrees
Published: January 2019

This chapter shows how the neoconservative network played a critical role in gathering and amplifying the dubious intelligence that linked Iraq to the 9/11 attacks and presented its long-defunct WMD programme as an imminent threat.
Extreme Asia
Authors: Martin Daniel
Published: January 2019

This book explains and analyses the unprecedented rise in visibility of ‘cult’ Asian cinema in the UK, especially between the years 2000 and 2005. Considering multiple factors behind the cultural, critical and economic success of Asia cinema in the West, this book focuses specifically on the hugely influential and pioneering (if deeply problematic) Tartan Films (formerly Metro-Tartan) Asia Extreme brand. This book is structured as a series of case studies, examining different films, filmmakers and distribution events in order to sketch an historical overview of this developing film cycle, paying attention primarily to the marketing and critical reception of these films. The Asia Extreme brand incorporated multiple genres – primarily horror, action, and erotic thrillers – and also elided the differences between various national cinemas. The role of Orientalism in both the marketing and reception of films from Hong Kong, Japan, and South Korea is also examined in detail.
Introduction
Authors: Davies Ann
Published: January 2019

The introduction aims to lay out the historical and theoretical premises of this study. It considers the Gothic as a neglected concept in Spanish culture, the alternative mechanisms (such as esperpento or grotesque humour) which have been adopted when talking of the Gothic. The introduction then draws on theories of contemporary Gothic to assess to what extent the situation has changed for Spanish texts. It proceeds further to draw on concepts proposed by Tom O’Regan and Millie Buonanno, it outlines the underlying principle of the following chapters; that the Spanish Gothic is part of a contemporary cultural exchange which sees Spanish texts arguably participating in a wider, debatably transnational Gothic as much as if not more than looking to specifically national cultural concerns. It argues, in effect, that the contemporary Spanish Gothic is one mode through which Spanish culture looks outward as well as inward.
John Barrymore’s Introspective Performance in Beau Brummel
Authors: Shingler Martin
Published: January 2019

In 1924, John Barrymore joined Warner Bros. to star in Beau Brummel, the Clyde Fitch play made famous by stage actor Richard Mansfield in 1890. Here, as this chapter explores, Barrymore fused elements of Classicism, Neo-Romanticism and Realism in his screen performance. In doing so, as the chapter suggests, Barrymore preserved the traditions of earlier generations of actors while modifying them for modern audiences and new technologies.
“Keep Back your Pity”: The Wounded Barrymore of The Sea Beast (1926) and Moby Dick (1930)
Authors: Lennard Dominic
Published: January 2019

In the aftermath of the Great War, Moby-Dick experienced a resurgence, and two loose adaptations traded on the novel’s increasing prestige, The Sea Beast (1926) and Moby Dick (1930), both starring John Barrymore as Captain Ahab. This chapter examines Barrymore’s role as early interpreter of Melville’s work onscreen. Differing substantially from the source text, these films prioritize the maiming of a young and heroic Ahab, whose status as possessor of a confident, desirable masculinity is radically compromised by his injury – a situation with special and tragic resonance to the interwar period.
Broadcasting Greece: An Introduction to Greek Antiquity on the Small Screen
Authors: Hobden Fiona , Wrigley Amanda
Published: January 2019

This chapter offers an introduction to the subject of ancient Greece on British television from the mid-20th century to the present and to the particular topics and debates addressed in the volume. An opening analysis of The Drinking Party (BBC, 1965), a ‘modern recreation’ of Plato’s Symposium by Leo Aylen and Jonathan Miller, establishes the value of examining television’s engagement with ancient Greece and identifies avenues for wider investigation. In particular, it points to the significance of such televisual constructions of ancient Greece as part of wider historical conversations about British culture, society and politics; and it highlights tensions between education and entertainment, on the one hand, and ‘authenticity’ and authority, on the other, exploring what dominant ideas about national identity are being communicated. Earlier engagements with ancient Greece on British radio and television are broadly sketched out and set against relevant contours in the socio-cultural and televisual landscape, and wider cultural engagements with Hellenic antiquity. With the socio-historical and intellectual context mapped out, the contents and directions of individual chapters are outlined, with attention paid to their methods and approaches as well as their motivating questions and conclusions regarding the encounters with the Hellenic past on British television.
Are We the Greeks? Understanding Antiquity and Ourselves in Television Documentaries
Authors: Hobden Fiona
Published: January 2019

The notion that the West has its cultural and political roots in ancient Greece has long been a mainstay of discourses on national identity in Britain, as in other countries (primarily in Europe and North America) that imagine themselves as belonging to ‘the West’. This chapter examines how this supposition of a ‘Greek legacy’ or ‘Greek inheritance’ has been mediated through British television documentaries. Whether the legacy is used as a framing device for wider assessments of ancient Greek society, or is the focus of direct investigation, the notion of a legacy is sustained. However, at every turn the proposition is undercut. Assertions of similarity between ‘us’ and ‘them’ coexist alongside demonstrations of difference; or the legacy is a modern invention that serves social, political and psychological needs; or it can be problematic and undesirable. At the same time as its existence is maintained, the ‘Greek legacy’ is revealed to be a fiction, or even a fetish: a fantasy that hides its own lack. In a Britain (and Europe) marked by cultural diversity and political division, television exposes the untenability of an ideology that elides such differences by making us all ancient Greeks, whilst continuing to ascribe it power.
Louis MacNeice and ‘The Paragons of Hellas’: Ancient Greece as Radio Propaganda
Authors: Golphin Peter
Published: January 2019

With television shut down for the duration of World War II, BBC radio became an essential medium for the transmission of information and propaganda. This chapter surveys the wartime radio features of the poet and scriptwriter-producer, Louis MacNeice, analysing a series of broadcasts (including The March of the 10,000, The Four Freedoms and The Sacred Band) designed to maintain public awareness of and sympathy for the plight of Nazi-occupied Greece. MacNeice develops themes and incidents drawn from the country’s ancient history which are analogous to the contemporary situation. The ironic phrase ‘paragons of Hellas’, from his long poem Autumn Journal (1939), implies a scepticism over the use of ancient allusions. Even so, drawing important parallels in his radio-dramatic writing between the famed glories of Greece’s ancient civilisation – including Xenophon, Periclean democracy, the Sacred Band, and the military victories at Salamis, Thermopylae, Chaeronea – MacNeice seeks to underline ancient echoes of the resistance and resilience modern Greeks were finding was necessary in attempts to withstand Nazi brutality.
The Odyssey in the ‘Broom Cupboard’: Ulysses 31 and Odysseus: The Greatest Hero of Them All on Children’s BBC, 1985–1986
Authors: Miles Sarah
Published: January 2019

The chapter examines two 1980s children’s television series – Odysseus: The Greatest Hero of Them All (hereafter Odysseus) and Ulysses 31 – which reworked the myths of the Greek hero Odysseus which derive from Homer’s Odyssey, an epic poem. The discussion demonstrates how each programme was shaped by contemporary culture, particularly film, television and animation. In particular, they combined: innovative storytelling techniques (e.g. Odysseus was a Jackanory-style story to camera, written and performed by Tony Robinson with Richard Curtis as co-writer) with creative use of the mode of television and televisual animation (e.g. Ulysses 31 was created by key names in animation and anime: Jean Chalopin, Bernard Deyriès, Nagahama Tadao) and detailed knowledge of The Odyssey and wider Greek myth. The series provide contrasting localised (British) and international (Franco-Japanese) production contexts, but in the UK both programmes were first broadcast in 1985-1986 via the newly created children’s programming format, Children’s BBC, known affectionately as the ‘Broom Cupboard’, in which a studio-presenter addressed child-audiences directly. Odysseus and Ulysses 31 therefore offered sustained engagements with the myths of Odysseus for UK-based children in this decade.
The Digital Aesthetic in ‘Atlantis: The Evidence’ (2010)
Authors: Foka Anna
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines ‘Atlantis: The Evidence’ – a 2010 episode of Timewatch, the BBC2 historical documentary series – as an example of digital ekphrasis. Facilitated by digital techniques that generate a distinctive aesthetic, the evocative audiovisual representation contributes in significant ways to the programme’s demonstration and interpretation of the ‘evidence’ used to justify the hypothesis that the Platonic myth of the lost city of Atlantis corresponds to the Bronze Age town of Thera. Experimental, interactive and collaborative CGI techniques familiar to drama productions in film and television and to contemporary practices in virtual and cyber-archaeology serve to construct the events and people of the distant past within a distinctive posthuman world. At a moment when digital tools are increasingly central to how the imagined past is rendered and received via the television screen, this analysis demonstrates the validating and authenticating effects of synthetic representation in depicting historical realities.
Hume and Superfluous Value (or the Problem with Epictetus’ Slippers)
Authors: Berry Christopher J.
Published: January 2019

Taking its cue from Epictetus’ condemnation of superfluous refinements, Hume’s defence of luxury is examined. This defence incorporates a rejection of the virtue of poverty and its conceptual replacement with a notion of impoverishment as undesirable. Hume identifies benefits from the pursuit of refinement at both the social and individual level. In the former it supplies an incentive that encourages industry and prosperity and in the former it vindicates the positive enjoyment that comes from material goods.
Introduction
Authors: Hubble Nick
Published: January 2019

The introduction defines and contextualises what William Empson called ‘the popular, vague, but somehow obvious, idea of proletarian literature’. After discussing various theories of proletarian literature, including Empson’s conception of it as a version of pastoral, it is analysed in terms of a complex intersectional relationship between gender and class and illustrated by a case study of Naomi Mitchison’s We Have Been Warned. The second half of the introduction begins with a detailed reception history of proletarian literature before going on to discuss the relationship between proletarian literature and modernism. The final section lays out the argument of the book and argues that the key orientation of proletarian modernist writing is to the future rather than the past.
‘She Had Finished with Men Forever’: Lewis Grassic Gibbon’s Grey Granite
Authors: Hubble Nick
Published: January 2019

This chapter-length close reading of Grey Granite, the third volume of Lewis Grassic Gibbon’s A Scots
Quair, considers how he set out consciously to probe the limits of modernist technique by bringing it into conjunction with a fully industrialised social life. The result was not the ‘revolutionary’ perspective of the working class that Gibbon’s peers such as James Barke and Hugh MacDiarmid demanded and it has become a commonplace ever since for male critics of the left to fault Gibbon for ‘lack of engagement with urban working-class lives’. This chapter counters this view with a close reading of the novel focusing on the central female character, Chris Guthrie, drawing particularly on the work of feminist critics (including Jenny Wolmark, Deirdre Burton, Glenda Norquay, Alison Lumsden and Margery Palmer McCulloch) to show how by identifying with female subjectivity, Gibbon found an answer to both the proletarian question of how to express a post-capitalist culture and the modernist question of how to identify a collective that would support a liberated identity.
Time and Tide
Authors: Clay Catherine
Published: January 2019

This book reconstructs the first two decades of the feminist magazine Time and Tide, founded in 1920 by Lady Margaret Rhondda and other women who had been involved in the women’s suffrage movement. Unique in establishing itself as the only female-run general-audience intellectual weekly in what press historians describe as the ‘golden age’ of the weekly review, Time and Tide both challenged persistent prejudices against women’s participation in public life and played an instrumental role in redefining women’s gender roles and identities in the interwar period. Drawing on extensive new archival research the book recovers the contributions to this magazine of both well- and lesser-known British women writers, editors, critics and journalists and explores a cultural dialogue about literature, politics and the arts that took place beyond the parameters of modernist ‘little magazines’. Offering insights into the history and workings of this periodical that no one has dealt with to date, the book makes a major contribution to the history of women’s writing and feminism in Britain between the two world wars. The book is organised chronologically in three parts, tracing Time and Tide’s evolution from its ‘Early Years’ as an overtly feminist magazine (1920-28), to its ‘Expansion’ and rebranding in the late 1920s as a more general-audience weekly review (1928-35), and, finally, to its ‘Reorientation’ in the mid-1930s in response to a world in crisis (1935-39).
Introduction: Time and Tide – Origins, Founders and Goals
Authors: Clay Catherine
Published: January 2019

This chapter gives an account of Time and Tide’s origins, founders and goals, paying particular attention to the energy and vision of its owner and editor from 1926 Lady Margaret Rhondda. Providing an overview of the chapters that follow it also introduces the book’s central argument that – contrary to early assessments of the periodical which suggest that in the 1930s its feminism ‘faded away’ (Doughan & Sanchez 1987) – feminism remained a central motivating and shaping force on Time and Tide’s editorial policy and content throughout the interwar years.
‘The Weekly Crowd. By Chimaera’: Collective Identities and Radical Culture
Authors: Clay Catherine
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines one of Time and Tide’s long-running features – ‘The Weekly Crowd’ contributed pseudonymously by the poet and children’s writer Eleanor Farjeon – and explores the magazine’s relationship to the labour movement and networks associated with the socialist press. Inflected by Farjeon’s socialism and pacifism the topical commentary in ‘The Weekly Crowd’ frequently subverted Time and Tide’s editorial position on such issues as Ireland, British foreign policy and the General Strike, and offered a radically different perspective on debates about work and leisure in the periodical. At the same time, close analysis of this feature shows that Farjeon’s radical voice became an integral part of the paper, and that the subversive energies of her verses became a resource for strengthening the collective identities offered by Time and Tide across socialist as well as feminist audiences.
‘The Enjoyment of Literature’: Women Writers and the ‘Battle of the Brows’
Authors: Clay Catherine
Published: January 2019

This chapter picks up and extends arguments advanced earlier in the book regarding the status of women’s writing and criticism during the years of modernism’s cultural ascendancy and academic institutionalisation. In the contexts of (1) a newly configured ‘University English’ which took an authoritative new role in the cultural field against an earlier belle-lettres tradition, and (2) the unprecedented prestige of middlebrow fiction in the 1930s, the chapter explores how Time and Tide navigated increasing tensions between ‘highbrow’ and ‘middlebrow’ spheres and succeeded in straddling both. First the chapter discusses the introduction in 1927 of a new ‘Miscellany’ section of the paper – home to E. M. Delafield’s popular serial ‘The Diary of a Provincial Lady’ – and argues that these columns created and legitimised a place for the ‘feminine middlebrow’ and amateur writer as the periodical increased its orientation towards the highbrow sphere. Second, with reference to the appointment of Time and Tide’s first two literary editors, the chapter discusses how the periodical negotiated a widening gap in this period between intellectual and general readers, and between amateur and professional modes of criticism.
A New Partnership: Art, Money and Religion
Authors: Clay Catherine
Published: January 2019

This chapter begins by identifying marked changes in the appearance and content of Time and Tide from the mid-1930s, including a decrease in female signatures, more masculine-coded advertisements, and a distancing from cultures associated with the ‘feminine middlebrow’. In early accounts of the periodical such changes have been interpreted as representing a dilution of Time and Tide’s feminism and a move away from its female readership. However, here and in the following chapter it is argued that while Time and Tide gradually distanced itself from the feminist label it did not abandon its feminist commitment. This chapter considers the significance of the new partnership formed between Time and Tide’s political editor, Lady Rhondda, and the religious and highbrow intellectual Theodora Bosanquet, whose appointment as literary editor in 1935 brought both ends of the paper under female control. Exploring a conversation about art, money and religion between these two women in and outside the pages of the magazine and noting a new emphasis on class in the paper’s columns, the chapter argues that Rhondda’s materialist feminist and professional interests and the more mystical and spiritual interests of its new literary editor are not as oppositional as they seem.
Coda
Authors: Clay Catherine
Published: January 2019

This chapter provides a brief account of Time and Tide during and after the Second World War, including the succession of mergers and transitions it passed through after the death of its editor, Lady Margaret Rhondda, in 1958. Still appearing weekly on news-stands in Britain during the height of the women’s liberation movement in the 1970s, the publication bearing Time and Tide’s name was nothing like its former incarnations discussed in this book. The chapter concludes that the two decades between the two world wars are indisputably the richest years of this periodical in terms of its energetic commitment to women’s participation in public life, and the prominence it gave to women writers and critics.
The Problem of Sexist Sense
Authors: Hengehold Laura
Published: January 2019

This chapter focuses on the first volume of The Second Sex (“Facts and Myths”) and argues that the real goal of Beauvoir’s text is to prevent the systematic blockage of women’s opportunities for individuation. Like Deleuze’s critique of representation, Beauvoir’s critique of sexist systems of knowledge and politics arose from concerns about the nature of “sense” associated with late Husserlian phenomenology. This chapter also establishes some terminology, asking how a “concept,” a “problem,” “conceptual personae” and a “life” are related in Deleuze’s thought and in Beauvoir’s corpus. The concept of “transcendence” is used as a case study for unpacking these relationships.
Lived Experience
Authors: Hengehold Laura
Published: January 2019

Focusing on the second volume of The Second Sex (“Lived Experience”), this chapter investigates Beauvoir’s descriptions of the bodily and mnemonic habits that make women intelligible to themselves and others. Special attention is paid to the two social activities that seem to prevent women from filling the role of the slave in Hegel’s struggle for recognition: maternity and care work, which leaves no lasting alienable product. This analysis of Beauvoir’s “Lived Experience” shows how the meanings of gender get “re-actualized” generation after generation. It also poses difficult questions for our ability to tell when a given practice – such as narcissism, religiosity, heterosexual romance or lesbianism – is a rigid repetition and when it functions as a line of flight.
Territories and Assemblages
Authors: Hengehold Laura
Published: January 2019

A Deleuzian reading of The Second Sex provides new solutions to problems in the field of Beauvoir reception that have already been discussed at length by feminists. These problems tend to assume that the field of thought and creative endeavor can be more easily divided or “coded” between disciplines, nationalities, and historical periods than would be the case from a Deleuzo-Guattarian point of view. Such problems include the claim that Beauvoir generalizes the struggles of European women cross-culturally, that Beauvoir’s model of sexual difference is too masculinist, and that Beauvoir herself preferred to be considered a novelist rather than a philosopher.
Ruins of Secular Nationalism
Authors: Halabi Zeina G.
Published: January 2019

Chapter 4 addresses the legacy of the Arab modernist intellectual by examining his striking absence. Specifically, it takes issue with the dismissive, essentialist, and Orientalist critical interpretations of Seba al-Herz’s The Others and reads it as a novel that stages a unique exploration of the psychological and physical traces of three decades of political violence within the Shiʿi community of Saudi Arabia. As it discusses the emergence of a Shiʿi sectarian transnational rhetoric that challenges the secular-nationalist identity of the modernist intellectual, the chapter points to the pervasiveness of the political critique inherent in what has been indiscriminately branded ‘Saudi women’s literature’.
Introduction
Authors: Schultz Corey Kai Nelson
Published: January 2019

The introduction examines Raymond Williams’s notion of “Structures of feeling” and how it has been theorized. Then, it reviews the history of class in China, the changes made to the Chinese class structure during the Maoist period (1949 to 1978), and the use of class figures in Chinese visual culture to advertise political changes, criticize institutions and attitudes, and inspire the populace. It concludes by examining the effects that China’s market reforms adopted in the Reform Era (beginning 1978) has had on Chinese society.
Heroes and Companions in Hercules (2014)
Authors: Chiu Angeline
Published: January 2019

This chapter shows how Brett Ratner, working from Steve Moore’s 2009 graphic novel as a foundation for the 2014 film Hercules, utilized the role of companions in this innovative framing of the Hercules myth. It focuses on an overlooked aspect of the narrative. Instead of Hercules performing his labors alone, Ratner’s version of the myth uses an ensemble cast to support the legendary warrior, creating a group identity rather than just an individual heroic identity. The companions all come from mythological bases of their own, but contribute here to a composite identity of heroism. The result is a more effective hero, as well as a resulting focus on storytelling.
The Hero in a Thousand Pieces: Antiheroes in Recent Epic Cinema
Authors: Curley Dan
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines how onscreen antiheroes are the product of the fragmentation of traditional heroic storytelling. Using Alexander the Great, Perseus, and Hercules as case studies, the author shows how these new antiheroes are symptomatic of a new time of non-conformity, with heroes who do not conform to social mores, religious authority, or outdated cinematic modes of conveying values. The heroes that came before can be seen as conforming to traditional systems. The chapter demonstrates how antiheroic films work to disrupt the systems of the classicizing, traditional heroic journeys.
Marmion
Authors: Scott Walter
Published: January 2019

Marmion is a medieval romance narrative, the action of which takes place in the forty days leading up to and including the Battle of Flodden. The plot is driven by the villainous deeds of the fictional English Knight Lord Marmion. Scott’s contemporary audience struggled to accept his flawed protagonist (a precursor of the Byronic anti-hero) and critics found the poem’s structure equally challenging. Each of its six cantos is prefaced by a verse epistle dedicated to one of Scott’s friends which addresses nineteenth-century events and personages. Today the verse epistles are arguably the most celebrated aspect of the text. A third, integral component is the substantial body of antiquarian and ethnographical notes that Scott appends to the poem. These notes have routinely been abridged or omitted in subsequent reprintings but are restored in full in the present volume.
End-of-line Hyphens
Authors: Scott Walter
Published: January 2019

All end-of-line hyphens in the present text are soft unless included in the List below. The hyphens listed are hard and should be retained when quoting.

220.12 Alston-moor

221.39 moss-trooping

224.17 cross-bow

247.14 Lion-Herald

252.32 Bruntsfield-links

256.8 cloth-yard

257.19 men-at-arms

261.31 broken-hearted

264.9 brother-in-arms

264.22 ...
Historical Note
Authors: Scott Walter
Published: January 2019

This essay outlines the historical and political context for the breakdown in Anglo-Scottish relations that culminated in the Battle of Flodden and describes the unfolding and aftermath of the battle itself. A table of dates for these events is helpfully provided. The essay then examines Scott’s fictional narrative timeline and the blend of historical characters and character prototypes presented in Marmion. It identifies the literary and historical sources that Scott drew upon most extensively when writing the poem and concludes with a brief discussion of the purpose of the verse epistles.
Explanatory Notes
Authors: Scott Walter
Published: January 2019

These extensive notes make a comprehensive attempt to identify places, historical events and people, Scott’s sources, and all quotations and references within the text. Proverbs are explained and instances of difficult or obscure language are translated. Explanations are provided for phrases that are likely to be unfamiliar to the modern reader.
The Sovereign and the Foreign: Creating Saladin in Arabic Literature of the Counter-Crusade
Authors: England Samuel
Published: January 2019

Continues the book’s examination of Arabic poetry as a means for ascent in the court and as a tool for exerting control over the empire. The focus here is the sultan Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn al-Ayyub, often called Saladin. During his transition from vizier to sultan during the twelfth-century Crusades, Saladin oversaw writers and political administrators vying with one another to construct his identity as Islam’s protector. The collapse of the Fatimid caliphate in Egypt and the threat of crusading armies gave the new regime a key opportunity. The Ayyubid system consolidated a previously scattered community of littérateurs. Whereas the Fatimids were seen as incapable eradicating “the Franks” from the Levant and Egypt, now writers challenged each other to poeticize a successful counter-crusade. Modern studies portray the Crusaders as a nagging anxiety of Saladin’s court but, I argue, the presence of a foreign enemy proved extraordinarily useful to him. Writers re-imagined Islamic history as having always included a mysterious threat to pious Muslim people, fully realized in the Franks’ arrival. At the cathartic endpoint of that narrative they placed Saladin and, more subtly, themselves as the chroniclers of Islam’s restoration.
Alfonso X: Poetry of Miracles and Domination
Authors: England Samuel
Published: January 2019

Chapter three shifts the Crusades analysis from the Middle East to Gibraltar, studying the contentious political and literary career of Alfonso X in Spain. His extraordinary academic projects and intricate relations with Islamic communities have led scholars to minimize his combative lyric persona. A severely tested leader, Alfonso constructed two main targets for his attacks in song, the Muslims of the Mediterranean and his own knights for their failures against the fierce “Moor.” I counter the conventional treatment of this lyric poetry as light verse. This chapter shows how Alfonso used the specter of the enemy to provoke his own chivalric subjects into responding at court. Critics have portrayed Alfonso mostly entertaining his audiences with profane lyric while he completed more substantive religious and legislative manuscripts, but I argue that his aggressive troubadour persona allowed him to rework the imperial narrative. His image as Iberia’s intellectual, pious, combative, and at times slanderous leader expanded the definition of court and king.
The Foreign Policy of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood
Authors: Aclimandos Tewfik
Published: January 2019

How the Muslim Brothers in Egypt have ceased the opportunity provided by the Arab Spring to put their ideology in the field of international affairs into practice? What have been the diplomatic rationale that have determined the Morsy presidency’s foreign action and discourse? It turns out that their ideological stances have led them to nurture a very specific understanding of the role of Egypt in the Middle East. This attempt to build, under very specific constraints, an Islamist diplomacy has reinforced the weaknesses of Morsy’s power. The desire to break up with Mubarak’s legacy has allowed a new turn in the field of foreign policy that has made Morsy’s power appearing more interested in promoting the Umma’s interest than the Egyptian one.
Identity of the State, National Interest, and Foreign Policy: Diplomatic Actions and Practices of Turkey’s AKP since 2002
Authors: Moulec Jean-Baptiste Le , Signoles Aude
Published: January 2019

On what conceptions of international affairs and world order is based the AKP foreign policy at the head of Turkey? This chapter examines the pillars of the AKP’s foreign action and discourse. It shows that the Islamist movement has been trying over the last several years to promote a new identity for Turkey in order to reconcile both national interest and defence of the Muslim people across the Middle East. However, in contrast to the official discourses, some crisis such as the Syrian crisis have been reshaping this panislamic ambition to make it always more realistic.
Towards a Journey Narrative Syntax
Authors: Holliday Christopher
Published: January 2019

This chapter moves forward by unpacking the generic identity of computer-animated films and examines the journey narrative structure as their prevailing syntax and first line of action. In this chapter, two forms of narrative are established that are widely operational within the genre. The first of these are the “flushed away” narratives that rely upon on abrupt geographical disjuncture, and which often requires the protagonist to negotiate and quickly adapt to a foreign milieu. The second journey narrative form advanced in this chapter is the “over the hedge” narrative, which are voyages signalled as altogether more prepared or expected. This chapter explores in detail how computer-animated films deploy these two forms of journey narrative structure to interrogate ideas of mobility, location, destination and tourism through the virtual experiences they offer of travelled space. Chapter Two concludes by positioning the journey narrative within the context of film franchising and the “sequelled” narrative. Computer-animated films rarely exists in isolation, but are supported by a range of sequels, spin-offs and short films. This chapter identifies how narrative structure can be productively entwined with the wider role of film series and cycles that continues to define the franchise mentality of post-millennial Hollywood cinema.
Notes on a Luxo World
Authors: Holliday Christopher
Published: January 2019

This chapter advances the term ‘Luxo’ as a useful descriptor that awards definition to the unique fictional worlds of the computer-animated feature film. The main body of writing in the initial stages outlines how the Luxo worlds of computer-animated films intersect with (and depart from) other forms of animation and digital world construction, situating computer-animated films against scholarship dealing with world creation. Emphasis is paid to the multiplicity of cinema’s ‘computer-animated’ worlds across popular Hollywood cinema, drawing in comparisons with Rotoscoping and the current effects industry via the virtual backlot. A significant discrimination made here is the idea that a Luxo world operates as a computer-animated film fiction achieved through the act of production, not as a fictional world crafted separately in post-production. Animatedness becomes a term that is developed throughout the chapter, invoked to promote the specificities of this new digital cinema and the richness of its film worlds. By exploring the particular “animatedness” of a Luxo world against other types and traditions of animated fictions, this chapter distinguishes the ways in which technology is harnessed through the spectacle of the digital multitude and how computer-animated films operate in dialogue with the formal style of “open world” videogames.
Object Transformation and the Spectacle of Scrap
Authors: Holliday Christopher
Published: January 2019

This chapter considers metamorphosis and object transformation as underlying elements of animation’s specificity and representational orthodoxy. However it argues that objects in the computer-animated film are altogether more stable, prized instead according to their utilitarian value—that is, their constructive worth or usefulness—whilst animators seek to preserve physical relationships and properties. This assertion runs counter to animation’s more conventional collapsing of an object’s material honesty within the spectacle of metamorphosis. Focusing on the genre’s fascination with everyday mess, this chapter discusses the emergent importance of an aesthetics of trash within the computer-animated film, and situate their formal and narrative preoccupation with rubbish, scrap and cultural detritus within wider traditions of junk art. Several computer-animated films redeem waste products as plentiful bounty, and their attraction to scrap provides the pleasurable recuperation of trash (as art) through its practical inscription as a fully-functioning cityspaces. By connecting the industrious behaviour of characters and inventors (as they manipulate and repurpose everyday junk) to cognitive and social activities of object substitution, this chapter argues that computer-animated films invite spectators to formulate new responses to recognisable objects, and to become acquainted with the widening of junk’s functional possibility.