bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The association of continuous glucose monitoring with glycemic parameters in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes: A prospective observational study
Authors: Chaubey Abhishek , Chaubey Deepika , Dwivedi Abhishek , Dwivedi Saurabh , Mishra Tanu
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Uncontrolled glycemic parameters in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are a major concern. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) on glycemic control in type 2 diabetics on insulin therapy.

Materials and Methods:

This prospective observational study was done in the Outpatient Department of General Medicine from January 1, 2021 till December 31, 2021 on patients with confirmed T2DM and on insulin therapy. Patients underwent detailed history and physical examination. The CGM device was inserted to record blood glucose levels throughout the day and night for monitoring. Parameters like glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), post-paradial blood sugar (PPBS), and lipid profile parameters [cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)] were compared at baseline and after a follow-up of 3 months. P-value < 0.05 was used to indicate significant difference.

Results:

Of 107 patients screened, 100 were included in the study and seven were excluded. The mean age of the patients was 60.6 ± 11.1 years. Fifty-six (56%) of the patients were males, and 44 (44%) were females. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 22.9 ± 2.4 kg/m2. Compared to baseline values, after 3 months of CGM, there was significantly decreased HbA1c (9.41 ± 0.83 vs 9.87 ± 1.16 g%, P < 0.001), FBS (194.640 ± 22.4587 vs 205.10 ± 35.7758 mg/dl, P = 0.002), PPBS (271.160 ± 29.1235 vs 299.180 ± 42.3798, P < 0.001), cholesterol (184.470 ± 28.5192 vs 198.430 ± 38.8367 mg/dl, P < 0.001), LDL (102.410 ± 22.8973 vs 112.040 ± 30.8859, P < 0.001), and TG (140.890 ± 18.0979 vs 146.730 ± 20.8665 mg/dl, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

There was a significant improvement in the glycemic parameters and lipid profile parameters with the adoption of CGM. Overall, CGM is a novel method for practical use for management of patients with T2DM.
Effectiveness of training on primary care nurses’ knowledge and screening practice in identification of children at risk for developmental delay: An Indian perspective
Authors: Ramu Rajalakshmi , Govindan Radhakrishnan , Marimuthu Palaniappan
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

In India, overall, 1.5–19.8% of the children were found to be developmentally delayed. The evaluation of development in young children and health professionals’ early referrals for diagnostic assessment will accelerate appropriate early intervention as early as possible. Nurses can screen the children and help the parents by providing the necessary information and support.

Aim:

To train the primary care nurses on developmental screening and early identification of developmental delay (DD) in children and find the effectiveness of the same.

Objectives of the study:

To evaluate the effectiveness of the training program on the knowledge and screening practice of the nurses towards the identification of children at risk for DD and to find out the relationship between nurses’ knowledge and screening practice.

Methods and Materials:

A quasi-experimental, one-group pretest, post-test design was adopted among 69 nurses, who were providing child care services and working in the selected government hospitals in Bengaluru, South India. Nurses’ knowledge and screening practice in identifying children at risk for DD were assessed before and after the training. SPSS package 21.00 version was used to analyse the descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results:

The training program was effective in the enhancement of primary care nurses’ knowledge and screening practice in the identification of DDs in under-five children.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study concluded that developmental screening can be performed by nurses with suitable training programs. The training program played a significant role in the enhancement of nurses’ knowledge and screening practice in the identification of DDs in under-five children.
Awareness of school teachers about students common emergencies during school time in the eastern region, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alruwaili Abdullah , Al Sulaiteen Hajar , Alanazy Ahmed , Almousa Zahraa , Alshaqaqiq Maryam , Alhofufi Albatool , Almulhem Noura , Alibrahim Zahraa
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Schools have to ensure student safety and well-being. However, medical emergencies involving injuries are common, requiring teachers to provide prompt first aid before professional care arrives. This study assessed knowledge and awareness of first aid among school teachers to identify areas needing improvement.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study surveyed 371 teachers from the eastern region primary schools using a standardized questionnaire assessing first aid knowledge across areas like bleeding control, fractures, seizures, choking, and burns. Demographic factors were analyzed for correlations with knowledge levels. Pearson’s Chi-square tests analyzed bivariate relationships comparing correct knowledge identification percentages across teacher sociodemographic. The level of statistical significance was at a P value <0.05 across tests.

Results:

Only 157 teachers felt able to appropriately handle medical emergencies. Major knowledge gaps existed regarding airway obstruction and chemical injuries, with 168 unable to identify correct responses for choking first aid and 105 unsure of chemical burn management steps. Appropriate fracture management was lacking, with just 70 correctly endorsing nose pinch for nosebleeds. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation knowledge was inadequate, with 57 of teachers unaware of the basics. Teachers demonstrating higher knowledge levels overwhelmingly had prior first aid training (153, 66.5%) compared to untrained counterparts (89, 63.1%).

Conclusion:

The study revealed poor first aid knowledge among elementary school teachers for effectively managing child emergencies. Strategies enhancing delivery must address barriers around training access, knowledge attrition, and variability in baseline skills through sustainable system-wide policies applied nationally. Fulfilling schools’ ethical obligations toward maintaining student safety requires urgent reforms to bolster emergency preparedness.
Prevalence of intestinal parasites in humans and domestic animals in Jirel community, Dolakha, Nepal
Authors: Dhakal Pitambar , Dhakal Medhavi , Dhakal Dipa , Shakya Pramita , Singh Barsha , Gupta Kalwar Rabina , Shahi Rekha , Pandey Sophiya , Niraula Darwin , Karki Anita , Mahato Mukesh Kumar , Tamang Semsal , Chhetri Basanti , Thapa Muna , Parajuli Rameshwor , Subedi Janak Raj , Pandey Kishor , Maharjan Mahendra , Parajuli Rajendra Prasad
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Gastrointestinal (GI) parasites are major health concerns in both humans and domestic animals. Livestock farming is one of the common livelihood practices in rural Nepal. The proximity at human and domestic animal interface increases the chances of dissemination of enteric parasites, especially those of zoonotic importance. This study was aimed at finding the parasite prevalence and risk factors in both humans and their domestic animals in Jirel community.

Materials and Methods:

A field survey was conducted on the Jirel ethnic people and their domestic animals in Dolakha district, where a total of 152 fresh fecal samples from humans and domestic animals (cow, pigs, goats, chickens, ducks, and pigeons) were collected. The feces were examined by wet mounts and concentration techniques. A structured questionnaire survey was carried out among the local people and owners of the domestic animals to gather sociodemographic information, awareness, and hygienic practices in relation to parasite transmission

Results:

The enteric parasite prevalence was found to be highest in goats (80.0%;12/15), followed by pigs (55.55%;5/9), cows (45.45%;6/11), chickens (11.7%;4/34), and humans (1.41%;1/71), while the fecal samples of ducks and pigeons did not contain any parasites. The only parasite identified in humans wasAscaris lumbricoides. Similarly, three genera of GI parasites (Eimeriasp.,Strongyloidessp, andTrichurissp.) from goats, two genera each from cow (Eimeriasp. andStrongyloidessp.), pigs (Entamoebasp. andA.suum), and chickens (Eimeriasp. andAscaridia galli), were detected

Conclusions:

Based on the direct field observation, questionnaire survey and laboratory analysis, it is concluded that the Jirel community people are aware of health and hygiene; however, intervention measures are necessary to prevent parasitic infection in their domestic animals.
Trends of endometrial cancer incidence in Sri Lanka from 2011 to 2020: An analysis of annual national cancer incidence data reports
Authors: Wijesinghe Rajitha D. , Hapuachchige Chinthana
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

The incidence of endometrial cancer in low-income countries is rising at a rapid rate. This could be due to changes in risk factors and socio-economic transitions occurring in developing countries. The main aim of this study was to assess the changes in endometrial cancer incidence in Sri Lanka.

Materials and Methods:

Incidence data for uterine corpus cancer and endometrial cancer between 2011 and 2020 were extracted from the National Cancer Register of Sri Lanka. This included the crude rate, age standardised incidence rate, and age-specific incidence. Joinpoint trend analysis software was used to analyse the temporal pattern of incidence. The estimated annual percentage change of incidence (EAPC) was calculated

Results:

A total of 8332 patients with uterine corpus cancer were reported with the highest incidence in the 60–70-year-old age group. The EAPC of uterine corpus cancer was 9.26%, while it was 8.26% for endometrial cancer. The highest rise of age-specific incidence was observed in the 70 years plus age group (EAPC 13.3968%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 9.6916–17.1994).

Conclusion:

There is a clear rise in endometrial and uterine cancer incidence in Sri Lanka. While part of this could be due to better reporting of new cases, a true increase in incidence should have occurred due to different rates of EAPC among age categories. Studies to evaluate the factors leading to the rising incidence of endometrial cancer are recommended.
Serum 25(OH) vitamin D deficiency among young adults in the East Khasi Hills district of Meghalaya and its influence on bone mineral density: Investigating the involvement of the RANKL/RANK/OPG system
Authors: Ruram Alice A. , Chutia Happy , Bhattacharyya Himashree , Handique Akash
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Vitamin D’s precise role in bone mineral density regulation remains elusive. Nevertheless, its deficiency is linked to increased bone turnover through the upregulation of RANK ligands by osteoblasts. This study aimed to (i) evaluate vitamin D status in young adults and (ii) assess the association between vitamin D deficiency and bone turnover markers receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), RANK, and the osteoprotegerin (OPG) in determining bone mineral density.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study involved 474 participants from the East Khasi Hills district, Meghalaya. Vitamin D levels were measured using the UniCel DxI 800 system, while OPG, RANK, and RANKL were assessed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, a whole-body dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan determined bone mineral density. Vitamin D deficiency was categorised as <20 ng/ml, insufficiency as 20–29 ng/ml, and sufficiency as ≥30 ng/ml.

Results:

Findings indicated 54.6% vitamin D deficiency and 35.4% insufficiency in young adults. Osteoporosis affected 26%, and 67% exhibited osteopenia. A weak positive correlation was found between vitamin 25(OH) D and bone mineral density T score (r = 0.16, r2 = 0.02, P = 0.44). Additionally, moderately weak correlations were observed between serum vitamin D and OPG (r = –0.42, r2 = 0.18, P < 0.001) and between vitamin D and RANKL (r = –0.13, r2 = 0.01, P = 0.18).

Conclusion:

The study suggests that vitamin D deficiency diminishes bone mineral density by promoting RANKL-RANK osteoclastogenesis and upregulating OPG expression. As young adults form a significant workforce, creating awareness is crucial for maintaining optimal health.
Carbon monoxide-related fatalities: A fifteen-year single institution experience
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Sheikh Nishat A. , Vasudeva Abhimanyu , Kumar Adarsh , Yadav Abhishek , Gupta Sudhir K
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

The winter climate in Delhi is severe, with temperatures dropping below 10°C. As a result, individuals often resort to utilizing diverse heat sources such as electrical heating appliances, coal and gas geysers. Unfortunately, these sources are commonly associated with the emission of carbon monoxide (CO) which can accumulate in inadequately ventilated spaces. Exposure to this noxious gas can lead to acute lethargy and debilitation, leaving individuals in a state of helpless distress.

Materials and Methods:

The present study utilized a retrospective descriptive analysis to examine cases of fatal carbon monoxide exposure retrieved from the Department of Forensic Medicine archives at the esteemed All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. Autopsy records were thoroughly examined with respect to various parameters including age, gender, seasonality of the incident, circumstances surrounding the death, source of carbon monoxide generation, post mortem observations, as well as toxicological analysis reports.

Results and Discussion:

This study entailed an analysis of 56 individuals who fell victim to carbon monoxide poisoning, with a staggering 95% of fatalities occurring during the winter season. The majority of the individuals affected belonged to the age bracket of 21–30 years. The most common sources of carbon monoxide exposure were linked to the use of coal-burning earthen or iron vessels for room heating, as well as structural fires. With the exception of one case, all incidents were accidental in nature. Additionally, nearly all of the victims were discovered in enclosed spaces with heating equipment in close proximity, and evidence of a struggle was noted on the crime scene or with the deceased.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study indicate that the principal contributor to the inadvertent build-up of lethal concentrations of carbon monoxide gas is the utilization of heating appliances within inadequately ventilated, enclosed spaces. Due to the scentless and non-irritating properties of this gas, individuals who are asleep may be unable to detect its presence in their surroundings, thereby leading to a silent death. To mitigate such risks, the installation of carbon monoxide detectors is crucial. Additionally, it is of utmost importance to raise public awareness regarding the perils associated with using fire pots, coal burning and electrical heating appliances in areas with insufficient ventilation.
Prevalence of urinary incontinence in nulliparous Indian sportswomen
Authors: Syeda Fizzia , Pandit Unnati
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

A common gynaecological problem among women that leads to a negative impact on quality of life and causes distress is the involuntary loss of urine which is addressed as urinary incontinence (UI). Females involved in playing various types of sports perform high-intensity activities which can serve as risk factors for UI and pelvic organ prolapse. According to the available literature, there is a scarcity of information regarding data on the prevalence of UI in Indian female athletes. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of UI in nulliparous Indian sportswomen.

Methodology:

For a duration of 6 months, a cross-sectional study was carried out in various sports centres across the states of Telangana, Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Delhi. A total of 560 nulliparous Indian female sportswomen were involved based on the selection criteria. The various sports involved were malkhamb, kabaddi, kushti, weightlifting, gymnastics, basketball, badminton, and athletics. All the participants were provided with a questionnaire for female UI diagnosis (QUID), which was the primary outcome measure

Results:

Out of 560 women enrolled in the study, the highest prevalence was found for stress urinary incontinence (SUI), consisting of 126 (22.5%) women, followed by mixed urinary incontinence (MUI), involving 49 (8.8%) women, and urge urinary incontinence (UUI), including 47 (8.4%) women. Additionally, the prevalence of UI was highest in obese and overweight Indian sportswomen. Moreover, the highest prevalence of SUI among women was for weightlifting, whereas for UUI and MUI, malkhamb and kushti sports were the most prevalent, respectively.

Conclusion:

The present study concluded that the highest prevalence among nulliparous Indian sportswomen was for SUI, followed by MUI and UUI. Additionally, weightlifting sport showed the highest prevalence for SUI, followed by malkhamb for UUI and kushti for MUI. The prevalence of UI in Indian sportswomen is important as it imparts knowledge and awareness among women and benefits professionals in designing appropriate preventive and rehabilitative protocols for curtailing such problems in the near future.
Burden of depression and anxiety among caregivers of children having structural epilepsy
Authors: Pahwa Kumud , Acharya Rohan , Bhalla Kapil , Yadav Dinkar
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:

Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological disorders in childhood. Structural malformations of the cerebral cortex are an important cause of developmental disabilities and epilepsy; this leads to a significant amount of psychological burden on parents of such children. Despite being a common and debilitating neurological illness, there is a paucity of data on the burden of stress and depression in parents of such children.

Aims:

The objective was to find out the burden of these illnesses on caregivers of such children.

Settings and Design:

This was a hospital-based cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study conducted in the Department of Pediatrics (both inpatient and outpatient), PGIMS Rohtak, during the period of June–September 2023. Parents of children with structural epilepsy (age: 2–14 years) were study subjects.

Methods and Material:

A cross-sectional study involving parents of 100 children with structural epilepsy (aged 2–14 years) was conducted using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A).

Statistical Analysis Used:

Data were recorded in Microsoft Office Excel. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences v22. Statistical significance was checked by P value (two-tailed) considering value < 0.05 as significant

Results:

Higher levels of anxiety and depression were seen in parents of children having structural epilepsy. Relatively higher levels were seen in parents of such children who were receiving polytherapy (HDRS (P = 0.002); HAM-A (0.001))

Conclusions:

This study shows a higher prevalence of anxiety and depression among caregivers of children having structural epilepsy. Parents of such children require extra support as they appear to be a population prone to illnesses that will hinder the proper care of children with structural epilepsy and their quality of life. This circle has to be broken for better upbringing and treatment compliance for such children. Preventive and therapeutic interventions need to be taken to reduce the burden of such psychiatric illness at the community level.
Impact of multidisciplinary management via special clinic for the outcome of diabetic foot disease: A prospective observational study
Authors: Meena Satya P. , Badkur Mayank , Lodha Mahendra , Rodha Mahaveer S. , Chaudhary Ramkaran , Sharma Naveen , Kala Prakash C. , Gaur Ravi , Bishnoi Sumit
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Diabetic foot is a common complication of diabetes mellitus, affecting approximately 15–20% of individuals with diabetes. It is a comorbid condition that significantly impacts the routine life of patients. This study aimed to assess multidisciplinary management strategies and their impact on the outcomes of patients with diabetic foot.

Methods:

A prospective observational study was conducted on 56 patients with diabetic foot. Outcome measures included the type of surgery, frequency of surgery, morbidity, mortality, patient satisfaction, return to work, and the number of patients using prostheses

Results:

The majority of the patients (87%) received surgical treatment. The most common type of surgery performed was debridement (55%), followed by minor amputations (toes amputation/forefoot amputation) (28%) and major amputations (below-knee (B/K) or above-knee (A/K)) (15%). More than 70% of patients had multiple surgeries. The mortality rate was low (7%), and 71% of surviving patients were satisfied with their treatment. Sixty-seven percent of patients had an early return to work. The number of patients using prostheses was also high (73% of major amputation cases).

Conclusion:

Multidisciplinary management is the most effective approach for diabetic foot patients. These patients may experience less morbidity and an early return to work. A specialized care clinic for diabetic foot patients is essential to prevent treatment failure, loss of follow-up records, permanent limb loss, and economic burdens on society.
Role of augmented reality and virtual reality from the Indian healthcare education perspective – A systematic review
Authors: Mondal Ramkrishna
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), are upcoming technologies with considerable potential to revolutionizing healthcare education, enhancing patient safety, and improving healthcare quality particularly in the Indian context. This review is conducted to view the current scenario of Indian context considering the impact of COVID-19. The current systematic review study was done following PRISMA 2020 guidelines using the key terms “Augmented Reality,” “Virtual Reality,” “Healthcare,” and “India.” Only the PubMed database was selected based on its reputation and authenticity, which is the only limitation of this study and strength. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are used for synthesis of results. In Indian context, 12 (1.7%) and 36 (2.2%) articles related to AR and VR were found, respectively. Six abstracts could not be retrieved, and after screening abstracts, three were found not suitable in VR and eight were found duplicate. A total of 30 articles were considered for this review. 18 (50%) were original, 12 (33.3%) were review, and 6 (16.7%) were other articles. 03 (8.3%), 21 (58.3%), and 12 (33.3%) articles were related to AR, VR, and both AR and VR, respectively. Considering the single database search and six unretrievable abstract, AR, VR, mixed reality (MR), soft e-skin, and extended reality (XR) technologies have the potential to revolutionize healthcare education and training, reducing real-life errors and improving patient safety. Although the Indian healthcare sector only contributes 1.7–2.2% to PubMed publications related to AR and VR.. The review was not registered.
Sarcopenia and frailty among the elderly population in the community: An observational study
Authors: Gupta Nalina , Kumar Palani G. , Patel Divya J.
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:

There are few studies on the prevalence of sarcopenia and frailty in India.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to assess sarcopenia and frailty using simple clinical tools among the elderly population in the community.

Settings and Design:

This was an observational study. The elderly population with an age group of >60 years residing in villages within 10–15 km of Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, formed the sampling frame of the study.

Methods and Material:

A total of 785 participants were approached, of whom 556 were included in the study based on inclusion criteria. Participants were assessed for grip strength, muscle mass, gait speed, and frailty.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The data were analyzed using STATA-IC statistical software version 13. A nonparametric Chi-square (χ2) test was used for categorical variables, and an independent-samples t-test was used to analyze the difference between various variables. Statistical significance was considered at P < 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results:

Based on the Indian criteria, 205 participants (36.1%) were diagnosed as having sarcopenia, and 351 participants (63%) were diagnosed as having “no sarcopenia.” 5.6% of participants were found to be frail, 19.2% to be pre-frailty, and 75.2% to be no frailty. The χ2 analysis showed a significant association of sarcopenia with gender and different age groups (P value < 0.001).

Conclusions:

In this study, 36.9% of the elderly participants were found to have “sarcopenia,” and 5.6% of the participants had frailty. Simple clinical tools used were easy to administer and suitable for field screening.
Distribution of non-thyroid neck swellings and their clinicopathological correlation
Authors: Chaturvedi Himani Tiwari , Patel Bhupesh , Chaturvedi Chandrashekher , Damor Paresh Kumar , Patel Varsha , Vasava Rahul
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Neck swellings are frequently found and can present the vast pathological spectrum from simple benign to highly malignant, which sometimes can pose a diagnostic dilemma. They are broadly classified as developmental, inflammatory, and neoplastic on the basis of etiology. The aim of the study is to assess the distribution of neck swelling according to etiology and its relation to age groups, as well as to assess their clinicopathological correlation as benign and malignant.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted from January 2020 to February 2023 on the basis of retrospective and prospective sampling. All the patients with neck swellings, except thyroid, who had undergone an excisional or incisional biopsy, were included in this study. Data was collected from in-patient records for retrospective sampling, and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), radiological investigation, and excisional or incisional biopsy were performed for prospective sampling after proper history and examination. Cytological and pathological correlation was analyzed as benign and malignant. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated. (P value <0.001 considered significant)

Results:

Out of the 74 patients, 16% were categorized as developmental, 31% as inflammatory, and 53% as neoplastic (benign 64%, malignant 36%). The most common cause was an epidermoid cyst (50%) among developmental swellings, reactive lymphadenitis (48%), and tuberculosis (35%) among inflammatory, pleomorphic adenoma among benign neoplasm and metastasis to lymph node among malignant swelling. Malignant lesions mainly occur in the older age group, more than 40 years of age. The overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of FNAC, to differentiate from benign to malignant, is very similar to histopathological examination.

Conclusion:

Different age groups breed different etiology, so age needs to be the prime demographic factor to be established. Pediatric and younger generations of neck swelling are usually inflammatory and developmental, in contrast to the older category, in which malignancy is far more prevalent, hence demanding more caution in evaluation. FNAC is a diagnostic tool that has become highly sensitive for malignant lesions; though in no sense can it replace histopathology, it can still be valuable in diagnostic and screening dilemmas of neck swelling.
The Burden of Respiratory Disease in Childhood
Authors: Al-Hasnawy Huda Hadi , Hasani Rebee Mohsin , Al-Hamawandi Jwan Ahmed , Hameed Raghdah Maytham
Published: July 2024

Respiratory disease is an acute or chronic illness affecting the airways and other structures of the lungs. Asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, pulmonary hypertension, allergic rhinitis, and sinusitis are the most common respiratory diseases which affect children. Respiratory disease strains health-care resources due to the doctor and hospital visits and the cost of treatment. Further, it can significantly impact on child’s health and is a fundamental cause of missed school days, limitations of activities, and social interaction. The prevalence of respiratory diseases in children increased significantly over the last decade, possibly because of different exposure to indoor and outdoor pollution, lifestyle, and respiratory infection. Certain risk factors appear to predispose children to develop respiratory disease, including genetic predisposition and exposure to environmental triggers. This article discusses the burden, prevalence, risk factors, and treatment associated with a pediatric respiratory disorder.
Salvage Radiotherapy for Loco-regional Recurrence of Esophageal Cancer Following Surgery
Authors: Cho Won Kyung , Noh Jae Myoung , Oh Dongryul , Ahn Yong Chan , Sun Jong-Mu , Kim Hong Kwan , Shim Young Mog
Published: July 2024

Purpose There is few evidence regarding the optimal salvage treatment options for loco-reginal recurrence of esophageal cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of salvage radiotherapy (RT) in patients with loco-regional recurrence (LRR) after surgery for esophageal cancer.Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed 147 esophageal cancer patients who received salvage RT for loco-regional recurrence between 1996 and December 2019. A total dose of 60 Gy in 20 fractions was used for RT alone and 60-70 Gy in 30-35 fractions for concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT).Results The patients’ median age was 65 years (range, 41 to 86 years). The median disease-free interval was 13.5 months (1.0 to 97.4 months). After a median 18.8 months follow-up, the 2-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 38.1% and 25.9%, respectively. The median OS and PFS were 18.8 and 8.4 months, respectively. The CCRT could not improve OS compared to RT (p=0.336), but there was a trend of better PFS in the CCRT group. Regarding toxicities, the rate of grade 3 or higher toxicity was 10.9% occurring in 16 patients, and it was higher in patients who received CCRT than in the RT alone group (19.6% vs. 6.3%, p=0.023).Conclusion Salvage RT alone as well as CCRT could be effective in patients with locoregionally recurrent esophageal cancer.
Compressible fluid limit for smooth solutions to the Landau equation
Authors: Duan Renjun , Yang Dongcheng , Yu Hongjun
Published: July 2024

Although the compressible fluid limit of the Boltzmann equation with cutoff has been extensively investigated in Caflisch [Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 33 (1980), 651–666] and Guo, Jang, and Jiang [Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 63 (2010), 337–361], obtaining analogous results in the case of the angular non-cutoff or even in the grazing limit which gives the Landau equation, still remains largely open, essentially due to the velocity diffusion effect of the collision operator such that

L^{\infty}

estimates are hard to obtain without using Sobolev embeddings. In this paper, we are concerned with the compressible Euler and acoustic limits of the Landau equation for Coulomb potentials in the whole space. Specifically, over any finite time interval where the full compressible Euler system admits a smooth solution around constant states, we construct a unique solution in a high-order weighted Sobolev space for the Landau equation with suitable initial data and also show the uniform estimates independent of the small Knudsen number

\varepsilon>0

, yielding the

O(\varepsilon)

convergence of the Landau solution to the local Maxwellian whose fluid quantities are the given Euler solution. Moreover, the acoustic limit for smooth solutions to the Landau equation in an optimal scaling is also established. For the proof, by using the macro-micro decomposition around local Maxwellians, together with techniques for viscous compressible fluid and properties of Burnett functions, we design an

\varepsilon

-dependent energy functional to capture the dissipation in the compressible fluid limit with the feature that only the highest-order derivatives are most singular.
Driving Intention Recognition Model for Highway Ramp-Merging
Scene
Authors: Ren You , Wang Xiyao , Song Jiaqi , Lu Wenyang , Li Penglong , Li Shangke
Published: July 2024

Driving safety in the mixed traffic state of autonomous vehicles and conventional
vehicles has always been an important research topic, especially on highways
where autonomous driving technology is being more widely adopted. The merging
scenario at highway ramps poses high risks with frequent vehicle conflicts,
often stemming from misperceived intentions [1].

This study focuses on autonomous and conventional vehicles in merging scenarios,
where timely recognition of lane-changing intentions can enhance merging
efficiency and reduce accidents. First, trajectory data of merging vehicles and
their conflicting vehicles were extracted from the NGSIM open-source database in
the I-80 section. The segmented cubic polynomial interpolation method and
Savitzky–Golay filtering are utilized for data outlier removal and noise
reduction. Second, the processed trajectory data were used as input to a hybrid
Gaussian hidden Markov (GMM-HMM) model for driving intention classification,
specifically lane-change collision-avoidance and lane keeping. The K-means
algorithm is used to initialize the model parameters, and the
expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm is employed for parameter iteration.
Finally, through validation on the testing set, the mixed Gaussian hidden Markov
model achieves a lane-change intention recognition accuracy of over 95% for
conflicting vehicles and outperforms the support vector machines (SVM) model and
the long–short-term memory (LSTM) network. It can be applied to the humanized
design of intelligent vehicle lane-change strategies, effectively reducing
lane-change risks and improving driving safety.
Peening Media Conditioned Stainless Steel Cut Wire Shot (AWS)
Authors:   AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Published: July 2024

This specification, in conjunction with the general requirements for peening media covered in AMS2431, establishes the requirements for the procurement of conditioned stainless steel cut wire shot.
Korean Offshore Wind Electrical Power Generation: Current Status and Prospects
Authors: Seo Hyelim , Park Sojeong , Yun Damin , Yu Juhee , Jung Sokhee P.
Published: July 2024

Offshore wind power generation is recognized as an environmentally friendly and sustainable energy source, rapidly advancing with governmental support in many countries such as Denmark, China, Germany, and across Europe due to its high energy stability, potential, and economic benefits. South Korea has set a target of 17.7GW for wind power generation through its Renewable Energy 3020 Implementation Plan, aiming to supply 12GW of offshore wind power by 2030. However, Korea faces slower development compared to overseas counterparts due to various obstacles including lack of community acceptance, low business feasibility, complex approval processes, and insufficient supply chain. This study identifies fundamental reasons behind Korea's sluggish growth in offshore wind power generation and proposes the following solutions through comparison with leading international cases. 1) Strengthening positive communication with residents by clearly articulating the value and benefits of offshore wind power projects to address community acceptance issues. 2) Resolving low business feasibility issues through the establishment of government-led incentive programs and support measures. 3) Streamlining approval processes to mitigate delays and cancellations in project implementation. 4) Expanding domestic market size and enhancing efficient power interconnection to address supply chain deficiencies.
Metaphorical Perceptions Of Secondary School Students Towards Social Studies Lesson And Social Studies Teacher
Authors: Görmez Erhan , Keser Atilla
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study is to reveal the mental experiences of the social studies lesson, which is one of the important lessons that students take during primary and secondary school, and the teachers who teach this lesson.The study group of this research consists of 743 secondary school students (5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grades) studying in the provinces of İpekyolu, Tusba and Edremit in the 2022/2023 academic year.The phenomenology design, which is one of the qualitative research designs, was used in the research.In this study, "Open Ended Interview Form" was used as a data collection tool.The metaphors developed by the participants were analyzed with the content analysis method. From the students' opinions It was seen that 250 concepts related to the social studies lesson were divided into 19 categories; 182 concepts related to social studies teachers were divided into 16 categories. The most dominant categories and metaphors for the social studies course are the metaphor of the discipline of history within the scope of the history category, the metaphor of life itself within the scope of the life category, and the metaphor of the world within the scope of the planet category; it has been determined that the most dominant categories and metaphors for social studies teachers are the metaphor of the scientist within the scope of the knowledge / wise category and the scientist category within the scope of the science / teacher category.
Cumplimiento tributario del IVA en PYMES: estrategias y recomendaciones
Authors: Castelo Gavilánez Rosa Ximena , Narváez Zurita Ximena Elizabeth
Published: July 2024

Este estudio investiga el comportamiento tributario de las PYMES en Riobamba, Ecuador, utilizando una metodología mixta para integrar datos cuantitativos y cualitativos. El objetivo fue entender el cumplimiento tributario y el impacto del IVA, destacando la importancia de la capacitación y el asesoramiento fiscal. La mayoría de las empresas encuestadas son pequeñas, con una representación significativa en sectores como construcción y comercio. Los resultados indican una conciencia generalizada sobre la necesidad de capacitación tributaria, aunque un número considerable de empresas ha recibido sanciones económicas por incumplimiento fiscal. Se concluye que mejorar la educación fiscal, la accesibilidad a la información y las políticas gubernamentales podrían fortalecer el cumplimiento tributario. Se enfatiza la función de los agentes de retención del IVA en la recaudación fiscal eficiente y se recalca la severidad de las sanciones por incumplimiento, resaltando la importancia del cumplimiento fiscal para el desarrollo económico y la estabilidad financiera del país.
Análisis tributario: impuesto a la salida de divisas y su efecto en las exportaciones de flores
Authors: Chandi Castro Mayra Alexandra , Ordóñez Parra Yanice Licenia
Published: July 2024

El Impuesto a la Salida de Divisas (ISD), implementado en Ecuador desde 2008, busca regular la circulación de divisas y mantener la estabilidad económica. Sin embargo, este impuesto ha generado incertidumbre en sectores productivos, particularmente en el sector exportador de flores, reconocido por su aporte a la economía ecuatoriana. Este estudio analiza el impacto del ISD en las exportaciones de flores entre 2018 y 2023, utilizando análisis documental y entrevistas en el sector. La investigación se centra en cómo el ISD ha influido en la competitividad y el rendimiento de las exportaciones florícolas, evaluando si actúa como una barrera al crecimiento o si su efecto es neutral o positivo. Este análisis pretende ofrecer una comprensión integral de las repercusiones del ISD en la industria florícola y proporcionar recomendaciones para optimizar las políticas fiscales en un contexto globalizado.
Impacto de las NICSP en la calidad de la información financiera en instituciones públicas ecuatorianas
Authors: Uzhca Corte Cecilia Verónica , Montero Cobo Miryam Alejandra
Published: July 2024

La investigación examinó el impacto de las Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad del Sector Público (NICSP) en la calidad de la información financiera en el Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado (GAD) Parroquial de las Nieves, Ecuador. Se utilizó un enfoque metodológico mixto, descriptivo-explicativo, incluyendo revisión de literatura y una encuesta dirigida a los funcionarios del GAD. Los resultados muestran un impacto positivo en la transparencia y comprensibilidad de la información financiera, así como en la estructura de los estados financieros. Se señalan áreas de mejora, como la adaptación incompleta a las normas nacionales y la falta de control interno. Se destaca la necesidad de fortalecer la capacitación del personal en la implementación de las NICSP para mejorar su aplicación. En conclusión, la implementación de las NICSP en el GAD Parroquial de las Nieves, aunque incompleta, reporta beneficios significativos en la calidad de la información.
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Sertifikasi Broker Property dalam Perspektif Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen
Authors: Yunita Latuconsina Rose , Sri Widiarty Wiwik , Pieris John
Published: July 2024

Dalam ekosistem industry property, salah satu rantai pasok yang penting adalah perlindungan konsumen dan peran broker property adalah ketika memasarkan suatu poroduk property, bagi pengembang menjaga trust sangatlah penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perlindungan hukum bagi sertifikasi broker properti dalam perspektif Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Sertifikasi broker properti dianggap penting karena menjamin kompetensi dan profesionalisme para broker, serta memastikan kepatuhan terhadap standar hukum yang berlaku. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konsep, dan pendekatan historis dengan analisis kualitatif terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sertifikasi broker properti berperan signifikan dalam melindungi konsumen dari praktik-praktik tidak adil dan merugikan, serta meningkatkan transparansi dan keamanan dalam transaksi properti. Dengan demikian, keberadaan sertifikasi ini mendukung terciptanya lingkungan bisnis properti yang lebih adil dan dapat dipercaya, sesuai dengan tujuan utama Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen.
Підводні телекомунікаційні кабелі в контексті безпеки Європейського Союзу
Authors: Зернецька O.В.
Published: July 2024

У статті вирішується проблема функціонування підводних телекомунікаційних кабелів в контексті безпеки Європейського Союзу. Стверджується, що важливість підводних кабелів зменшена у масовій свідомості, але зараз підводні телекомунікаційні кабелі несуть 99% інформації і даних, починаючи від дипломатичних, політичних, фінансових до економічних, соціальних, культурних сфер життя.
Метою статті є дослідження проблем безпеки пов’язаних з розвитком і експлуатацією підводних кабелів в ЄС, що константуює одну з головних геополітичних проблем.
Доводиться, що Інтернет повністю залежить від підводних кабелів. Глобальна комунікація, яка існує зараз, неможлива без підводних кабелів. Її безпека повністю залежить від них. Тому що кабелі прокладені на дні морів і океанів, пролягають через національні кордони і часто закопані у землю, про них часто забувають і політики, надаючи їм замало уваги.
Увага політиків до безпеки підводних кабелів почала збільшуватися з 2014 р., коли російські підводні човни почали свої розвідки у Північній Атлантиці, де прокладені підводні кабелі. Геополітичні хвилі посилилися у 2022 р., коли розпочалася російсько-українська війна, і уразливість морських інфраструктур почала привертати як громадську увагу, так і увагу політиків. У статті висвітлено важливість підводних кабелів через їх глобальну пов’язаність, роль у диджитальній економіці та воєнних операціях.
Зроблено висновок, що Україна як морська держава після повернення Криму та інших приморських територій матиме доступ до підводних телекомунікаційних кабелів, які будуть покладені по дну Чорного моря. Це ще більше наблизить Україну до співпраці з ЄС та приєднання до цієї регіональної організації.
Політика Австралії у сфері оборони (2020-2024 рр.)
Authors: Пошедін О.І.
Published: July 2024

У статті досліджується оборонна політика австралійського уряду протягом 2020-2024 р. З’ясовано, що в цей період політика Австралії у сфері оборони зазнала суттєвого перегляду. Визначено, що десятирічний термін стратегічного попередження про напад на Австралію вже не може бути основою для оборонного планування. Це має значні наслідки для управління стратегічними ризиками і потребує термінових дій, включно з підвищенням рівня військової готовності, прискореним розвитком спроможностей, збільшенням витрат на оборону, відмовою від звичайного підходу до розробки політики та управління ризиками. Негайні дії уряду щодо зміни пріоритетів спроможностей сил оборони включали: інвестування в атомні підводні човни зі звичайним озброєнням завдяки партнерству AUKUS; розвиток здатності сил оборони точно вражати цілі на великій відстані та виробляти боєприпаси в Австралії; покращення здатності сил оборони діяти з північних баз Австралії; збільшення спроможності швидко переводити нові революційні технології в можливості сил оборони у тісному партнерстві з австралійською промисловістю; інвестування у зростання та утримання висококваліфікованої робочої сили; поглиблення дипломатичного та оборонного партнерства з ключовими союзниками в Індо-Тихоокеанському регіоні.
Встановлено, що тристороннє партнерство в галузі безпеки AUKUS має важливе значення для Австралії в контексті отримання асиметричних спроможностей. AUKUS надаватиме розширені можливості австралійським силам оборони в таких сферах як штучний інтелект, гіперзвукова техніка та обізнаність про ситуацію на морі. Партнерство AUKUS набуває особливого значення на тлі розробки Китаєм нового покоління атомних підводних човнів, які будуть тихішими і які буде важче виявляти.
Запропоновано у наукових дослідженнях в Україні зосередити увагу на питаннях прискорення інтеграції нових революційних технологій в оборонні спроможності, інвестування у розвиток та утримання висококваліфікованої робочої сили в оборонній сфері, а також розробки оборонних промислових пріоритетів. З огляду на проблеми у сфері українських оборонних закупівель, особливу увагу варто звернути на дослідженнях досвіду реформування австралійської системи оборонних закупівель.
Effect of Financial Literacy and Use of Financial Technology (FinTech) on Financial Behavior
Authors: Hidayat Rifki , Aceng Kurniawan
Published: July 2024

Research Aims: Analyzing the Influence of Financial Literacy and the Use of Financial Technology (FinTech) on Financial Behavior in Bandung Regency Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs).
 
Design/methodology/approach: This research uses a quantitative approach through correlational methods.
 
Research Findings: The research results found: 1). Financial literacy has a positive and significant effect on financial behavior variables. 2). The use of financial technology (FinTech) has a positive and significant effect on financial behavior variables. 3). Financial literacy and the use of financial technology (FinTech) positively and significantly affect the financial behavior of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Bandung Regency.
 
Theoretical Contribution/Originality: Further increase knowledge of financial management by actively participating in workshops or seminars related to financial management, insurance, investment and business fund management. And increasing financial technology (FinTech) knowledge by orienting to the latest news regarding technological developments in up-to-date financial products and services.