bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preterm Delivery Phenotypes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Pregnancies
Authors: Simard Julia F. , Chaichian Yashaar , Rossides Marios , Wikstrom Anna-Karin , Shaw Gary M. , Druzin Maurice L.
Published: November 2018

Objective Women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at a greater risk of preterm delivery, many of which may be medically indicated (iatrogenic). We investigated preterm delivery phenotypes in SLE and general population comparators and assessed the role of preeclampsia.

Study Design We used population-based Swedish Register data (2001–2013) and defined maternal SLE as ≥2 SLE-coded discharge diagnoses from the Patient Register with ≥1 coded by an appropriate specialist. Women from the general population were identified using the Total Population Register. Preterm delivery was defined as <37 weeks and separated into spontaneous and iatrogenic, as well as later versus extremely preterm (32 to <37 weeks vs. <32 weeks). Maternal comorbidity was assessed, and the proportion mediated by preeclampsia was calculated examining first, subsequent, and all pregnancies.

Results Preterm delivery was more common in SLE for the first (22 vs. 6%) and subsequent (15 vs. 4%) pregnancies among 781 SLE-exposed pregnancies and 11,271 non-SLE pregnancies. Of SLE-exposed first births, 27% delivered before 32 weeks, and 90% were iatrogenic (compared with 47% of non-SLE first births).

Conclusion Preterm delivery complicates a greater proportion of SLE pregnancies than general population pregnancies, and a considerable proportion of risk is mediated through preeclampsia.
Cardiovascular tissue bioprinting: Physical and chemical processes
Authors: Hu James B. , Tomov Martin L. , Buikema Jan W. , Chen Caressa , Mahmoudi Morteza , Wu Sean M. , Serpooshan Vahid
Published: November 2018

Three-dimensional (3D) cardiac tissue bioprinting occupies a critical crossroads position between the fields of materials engineering, cardiovascular biology, 3D printing, and rational organ replacement design. This complex area of research therefore requires expertise from all those disciplines and it poses some unique considerations that must be accounted for. One of the chief hurdles is that there is a relatively limited systematic organization of the physical and chemical characteristics of bioinks that would make them applicable to cardiac bioprinting. This is of great significance, as heart tissue is functionally complex and the in vivo extracellular niche is under stringent controls with little room for variability before a cardiomyopathy manifests. This review explores the critical parameters that are necessary for biologically relevant bioinks to successfully be leveraged for functional cardiac tissue engineering, which can have applications in in vitro heart tissue models, cardiotoxicity studies, and implantable constructs that can be used to treat a range of cardiomyopathies, or in regenerative medicine.
Flow fluctuation induced by coaxial plasma device at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Tang Yong , Yao Qiang , Cui Wei , Pu Yikang , Li Shuiqing
Published: November 2018

The flow structure and velocity fluctuation generated downstream from coaxial geometry dielectric-barrier-discharges are investigated at atmospheric pressure. The discharges are characterized using in-situ electrical measurements and optical diagnostics. Both streamers and glow-like discharges are detected in each alternating-current cycle. The flow structure is temporally and spatially resolved using tracer particles, and vortices are visualized in planar velocity distribution patterns. The flow upstream of the discharge is laminar; however, we discover that the spectrum of downstream fluctuation velocity exhibits a nearly Kolmogorov −5/3 slope, which is a typical feature for high Reynolds number turbulent flows. Based on the electron density measured through a line-ratio method, the dimensionless electrical body force derived from the Navier-Stokes equation is estimated to illustrate the generation of Reynolds stress. It is found that although less than 0.1% of the discharge power is converted into the fluctuation kinetic energy, the electrical body force rather than Joule heating plays a dominant role in flow fluctuation.
New links found between structure of Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites and optoelectronic properties
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: November 2018

Characterizations of structural transformations of lead iodide crystals highlight the importance of octahedral tilt in new work that looks to provide early guidelines for improving perovskites.
Location effect in a photocatalytic hybrid system of metal-organic framework interfaced with semiconductor nanoparticles
Authors: Shang Qi-chao , Fang Xin-zuo , Jiang Hai-long , Zhang Qun
Published: November 2018

We report an ultrafast spectroscopy investigation that addresses the subtle location effect in a prototypical semiconductor-MOF hybrid system with TiO2 nanoparticles being incorporated inside or supported onto Cu3(BTC)2, denoted as TiO2@Cu3(BTC)2 and TiO2/Cu3(BTC)2, respectively. By tracking in real time the interface electron dynamics in the hybrid system, we find that the interface states formed between TiO2 and Cu3(BTC)2 can act as an effective relay for electron transfer, whose efficiency rests on the relative location of the two components. It is such a subtle location effect that brings on difference in photocatalytic CO2 reduction using the two semiconductor-MOF hybrids. The mechanistic understanding of the involved interface electron-transfer behavior and effect opens a helpful perspective for rational design of MOF-based hybrid systems for photoelectrochemical applications.
Stabilization of aqueous graphene oxide with acetone under γ-ray/UV irradiation
Authors: Qin Hong , Zhu Qin-yi , Liu He-wen
Published: November 2018

Graphene oxide (GO) is a kind of water soluble two-dimensional materials containing a large amount of oxygen-containing groups which infuse GO with water solubility, biocompatibility and functionality, etc. But GO can be easily reduced by losing oxygen-containing groups under some circumstances such as irradiation of γ-ray or ultraviolet (UV). In this work, we found that acetone can significantly slow down the reduction process of GO under the irradiation of either γ-ray or UV, which was supported by analysis results with UV-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, etc. Acetone can capture and remove strongly reducible hydrated electrons generated under γ-irradiation. GO reduction by UV also involves electron transfer process which can be affected by the presence of acetone. Hence, acetone can be used to stabilize, adjust the radiation reduction process of GO. This would be interesting not only in radiation and radiation protection, but also in understanding the redox properties of GO.
Coordinate bond breaking induced by collapse of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) as ligands of a rare Earth complex
Authors: Song Tian-yu , Zhu Yan-yang , Liang Shuo-feng , Zou Gang , Zhang Qi-jin
Published: November 2018

A novel water-soluble luminescent complex consisting of Eu(ally-dbm)3-2Tppo and poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) is synthesized through a series of chemical reactions. The structure of the complex is characterized by TGA, GPC, HNMR, and the thermal-responsive fluorescence of the complex in aqueous solution is investigated. It is found that PNIPAM collapse above the lower critical solution temperature causes the coordination bond breaking, leading to weakening of the fluorescence from Eu3+ and enhancing of the fluorescence from the ligands. When temperature decreases, the fluorescence from Eu3+ is found to boost up and the fluorescence from ligands weakens accordingly. It is deduced from this phenomenon that the ligands re-coordinate with europium ions again along with the temperature decreasing, which is further confirmed by IR measurements. This thermal-responsive fluorescence is of reversibility, which can be used as molecular probes for biological imaging and collapse studying of PNIPAM.
Effect of a single repeat sequence of the human telomere d(TTAGGG) on structure of single-stranded telomeric DNA d[AGGG(TTAGGG)6]
Authors: Guang Tian-lei , Gao Ya-ting , Ye Xiao-dong
Published: November 2018

The structures of human telomeric DNA have received much attention due to its significant biological importance. Most studies have focused on G-quadruplex structure formed by short telomeric DNA sequence, but little is known about the structures of long single-stranded telomeric DNAs. Here, we investigated the structure of DNA with a long sequence of d[AGGG(TTAGGG)6] (G6-DNA) and the effect of a single repeat sequence d(TTAGGG) (G01-DNA) on the structure of G6-DNA using sedimentation velocity technique, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and UV melting experiments. The results suggest that the G6-DNA can form dimers in aqueous solutions and G01-DNA can form additional G-quadruplex structures by binding to G6-DNA. However, G01-DNA has no effect on the structure of DNA with a sequence of d[AGGG(TTAGGG)3] (G3-DNA). Our study provides new insights into the structure polymorphism of long human single-stranded telomeric DNA.
Gd doped hollow nanoscale coordination polymers as multimodal imaging agents and a potential drug delivery carriers
Authors: Zhao Gao-zheng , Guo Zhen , Chen Qian-wang
Published: November 2018

Gd doped hollow nanoscale coordination polymers with multimodal imaging capabilities were synthesized by solvothermal method and further coated by silica layer. The in vitro tests demonstrated uncoated and silica-coated nanoprobes exhibit longitudinal relaxivities (r1) of 7.38 and 13.57 (mmol/L)−1·s−1, and transverse relaxivities (r2) of 180.6 and 304.8 (mmol/L)−1·s−1, showing fairly good dual T1&T2 contrast effects, and it also emits excellent multicolor fluorescence under laser beams of various wavelengths. With the combination of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (both T1 and T2) and fluorescence optical imaging (FOI), the nanoprobes could correlate preoperative diagnosis with intraoperative pathology. Furthermore, it also exhibits high drug loading capacity of 1166 mg/g and encapsulation efficiency of 83.29%, which makes it a potential platform as drug carriers. The MTT assay demonstrates the moderate toxicity of the NPs, and after the silica coating process, not only the MRI contrast effects but also the biocompatibility have been enhanced. The versatility of the highly integrated systems can make up for the limitations of each imaging modality and exhibit great potentials for cancer theranostics.
Surface Effects on the Energy Gap in Nuclear Matter
Authors: Amos K , Robbins F
Published: November 2018

The energy gap in the intrinsic excitation spectra of even-even nuclei is calculated in the BCS approximation starting from separable interactions adjusted to fit 'So nucleon scattering data. Simplified nuclear models are used to investigate the relation between the surface properties and the value of the energy gap in finite nuclei and, in particular, we consider a slab model of infinite extent in two directions but finite in the third direction and of variable surface thickness. An effective length of the slab is defined and this is held constant while the density profile is varied. For a fixed effective mass, it is found that the energy gap is essentially determined by the effective length for a particular interaction. On the other hand, radically diverse variations of the energy gap with effective length are obtained for potentials that differ appreciably in their repulsive character in infinite nuclear matter. This sensitivity may be fortuitous however, as the slab model underestimates the finite volume contribution to the pairing matrix elements and overestimates the importance of the infinite matter properties of the potential.
The Electronic States of Some Metal Impurities in Germanium
Authors: Pearton SJ
Published: November 2018

Capacitance spectroscopy measurements of the energy levels and majority carrier capture cross sections of deep impurity states associated with S, Zn, Pb and Bi in Ge are presented. Similarities in the electrical properties of these elements with other deep impurities in Ge are discussed.
Sea Level Measurements of Properties of Cosmic Ray Showers with Sizes Ranging from 2 x 105 to 107 Particles
Authors: Clay RW , Gerhardy PR
Published: November 2018

An analysis has been made of air shower data obtained over a 13 month period at Buckland Park. Showers with sizes of about 106 particles were found to have an attenuation length of 185 � 5 g cm-2 absorption lengths of about 100 g cm-2 and a shower size spectrum which progressively steepens between sizes of about 5 x 105 and 107 particles.
Generalized Statistics and the Rishon Hypothesis
Authors: Jarvis PD , Green HS
Published: November 2018

It is pointed out that the proposal of Harari and others, that leptons and quarks should be regarded as composites, consisting of rishons or quips, can be formulated as a field theory in terms of two fundamental spinor fields which satisfy a new generalization of quantum statistics. The requirement of macroscopic causality determines which of the many combinations of rishons may be observed as isolated particles.
Elastic Scattering of Heavy Ions and the Compressibility of Nuclear Matter
Authors: Gridnev KA , Hefter EF , Mikulaš K , Semjonov VM , Subbotin VB
Published: November 2018

Analogies to hydrodynamics led recently to the derivation of a nonlinear Schrodinger equation for the elastic scattering of heavy ions (Delion et al. 1978). In the present paper, the numerical solution of this equation is shown to yield realistic values for the nuclear compressibility modulus K = 9C, with very small uncertainties.
The Boltzman Equation Theory of Charged Particle Transport
Authors: McMahon DRA
Published: November 2018

It is shown how a formally exact Kubo-Iike response theory equivalent to the Boltzmann equation theory of charged particle transport can be constructed. Our response theory gives� the general wavevector and time-dependent velocity distribution at any time in terms of an initial distribution function, to which is added the 'response' induced by a generalized 'perturbation' over the intervening time. The usual Kubo linear response result for the distribution function is recovered by choosing the initial velocity distribution to be Maxwellian. For completeness the response theory introduces an exponential convergence function into the 'response' time integral. This is equivalent to using a modified Boltzmann equation but the general form of the transport theory is not changed. The modified transport theory can be used to advantage where possible convergence difficulties occur in numerical solutions of the Boltzmann equation. This paper gives a systematic development of the modified transport theory and shows how our response theory fits into the broader scheme of solving the Boltzmann equation. Our discussion extends both the work of Kumar et al. (1980), where the distribution function is expanded out in terms of tensor functions pj), and the propagator description where the non-hydrodynamic time development of the distribution function is related to the wavevector dependent Green function of the Boltzmann equation.
Synthesis Surveys of Southern Supernova Remnants
Authors: Milne DK , Caswell JL , Haynes RF , Kesteven MJ , Wellington KJ , Roger RS
Published: November 2018

A report is presented detailing observations of supernova remnants (SNRs) with the Fleurs and Molonglo synthesis radio telescopes. Fifty-four remnants have been mapped with at least one of these instruments, eleven with both. Approximately half of the maps have been published and a key to these publications is given.
Old Supernova Remnants: Structure and Source of Radio Emission
Authors: Glushak AP , Kovalenko AV , Kutuzov SM , Pynzar' AV , Udal’tsov VA
Published: November 2018

Contour maps at 102· 5 MHz for 12 galactic SNRs of large angular size in the northern sky are presented. The observations were made with an angular resolution of 48' x24' sec(55° - 8) using the BSA telescope of the Lebedev Physical Institute. All sources were mapped in total intensity. Our results indicate that the contribution to the radiation of observed SNRs from swept up cosmic ray electrons is small. The characteristics of the observed sources are discussed.
Two Types of Pulsar
Authors: Malov IF
Published: November 2018

Some arguments for the subdivision of pulsars into two classes are considered: (i) short-period pulsars described by Smith's (1973) model and (ii) long-period pulsars for which the hollow-cone model is valid. The data for PSR 1937 + 21 (P = 1�56 ms) are in good agreement with this conception, this pulsar being a typical representative of the first group of pulsars.
Relationship between Supernova Type and Their Remnants
Authors: Lozinskaya TA , Chugaj NN
Published: November 2018

The genetic relationship between supernovae (SNe) and -supernova remnants (SNRs) is an important factor in understanding the nature of both phenomena. We present here some new results on SNe and SNRs and discuss their implications in the SN-SNR relationship.
Nonstationary Phenomena in the Radiation of Young Supernova Remnants
Authors: Ivanov VP , Stankevich KS
Published: November 2018

The time variation of the radio emission from the supernova remnants Cassiopeia A, the Crab Nebula and Tycho Brahe (SN 1572) is investigated. There is a frequency dependence on the rate of decrease in the flux density of Cassiopeia A for the period 1957 to 1984. The (positive) spectral index has a secular decrease and also, for frequencies above 320 MHz, slight oscillations with a six-year period. The radio emission from the Crab Nebula was constant from 1953 to 1975 but has since decreased accompanied by a change in spectral index. The average decrease of the flux density of SN 1572 from 1963 to 1983 was 0�52% per year, close to the value predicted for adiabatic expansion.
Supernova Remnant Morphology: Are the Remnants Barrel-shaped?
Authors: Kesteven MJ
Published: November 2018

We argue that the majority of radio supernova remnants have a three-dimensional distribution of emissivity which is barrel-shaped, with little emission from the end caps. We examine briefly some mechanisms which could produce this distribution.
Bi-annular Structure in Supernova Remnants
Authors: Manchester RN
Published: November 2018

In many supernova remnants the radio structure contains loop features. It is proposed that these loop features are generally due to an enhancement of the shell emission in two co-axial rings. This bi-annu1ar enhancement is closely related to the <;ylindrica1 or barrel morphology possessed by most remnants and is probably formed early in the life of the remnant.
Problem of the Estimate of Distances to Pulsars
Authors: Guseinov OH , Yusifov IM
Published: November 2018

We analyse the distributions of regions of star formation and supernova remnants. From this analysis our knowledge of the distribution of pulsars and of the electron concentration in the vicinity of the Sun is improved.
Correlation Properties of a Short Scale Microstructure of Pulsar Radio Emission within a 100 kHz Bandwidth
Authors: Gurvits LI , Kuzmin OA , Popov MV , Smirnova TV
Published: November 2018

The correlation of a radio emission microstructure of pulsars PSR 0809 + 74, PSR 0950 + 08 and PSR 1133 + 16 within a 100 kHz bandwidth at frequency 100 MHz has been investigated. It is shown that PSR 0809 + 74 and PSR 1133 + 16 micropulse structure shorter than -400 JJ.s is not retained for a 50 kHz frequency offset. The microstructure longer than 500 JJ.s is highly correlated inside a 100kHz bandwidth for PSR0809+74 and PSR 1133+16. For PSR 0950+08, micropulses longer than -150 JJ.s are correlated over the same range. So, for PSR 0809 + 74 and PSR 1133 + 16 the short scale micropulse (tp. < 400 JJ.s) emission is narrowed (i.e. the normalised bandwidth AI / fo of the short scale micropulses is less than 5 xl 0 - 4).
Supernova Remnants with Jets
Authors: Kesteven MJ , Caswell JL , Roger RS , Milne DK , Haynes RF , Wellington KJ
Published: November 2018

Two examples are given of probable radio jet/supernova remnant associations: G332.4+0�1 and G 315 �8 - O� O. In both cases the jet length is larger than the radius of the remnant's shell, and the jet diameter is barely resolved and substantially less than the observed shell thickness. The jet luminosity is 5-10% that of the shell. The G332�4 +0.1 jet terminates 'in an extended plume whose luminosity is about 50% that of the shell.
Structure of the Super Neutronised Doubly Closed Shell Nucleus 132Sn
Authors: Bhattacharya Rupayan
Published: November 2018

The scenario of single particle (proton as well as neutron) states near the Fermi surface of 132Sn has been investigated on the basis of an average one-body potential suitably optimised for 208Pb and then extrapolated to the mass region concerned. The calculation shows excellent agreement with experiment. The ground state charge distribution of the nucleus has also been calculated.
Improvement of CdS?CuxS Solar Cell Performance by CdS Etching under Illumination
Authors: Al-Dhafiri AM
Published: November 2018

The influence of dark and light etching of CdS single crystals on the electrical and optical characteristics of the CdS-Cu",S heterojunction is investigated. It is shown through currentvoltage characteristics, spectral response and junction capacitance measurements that the junction of these cells is strongly affected by the presence of light during the etching process. It is found that when the CuS is formed on an etched CdS surface under light a chalcocite phase (CU2S) is obtained. In contrast, when the CuS layer is grown on a dark etched surface a mixture phase of chalcocite and djurleite (CUI� 96S) is found.
Relativistic Quantum Response of a Strongly Magnetised Plasma. II. Ultrarelativistic Pair Plasma
Authors: Padden WEP
Published: November 2018

Approximate analytic expressions are derived for the linear response 4-tensor of a strongly magnetised, ultrarelativistic thermal pair plasma. The response is obtained in terms of relativistic plasma dispersion functions known as Dnestrovskii functions. These functions allow for a relatively simple study of wave properties of the pair plasma without requiring complicated numerical schemes. The results obtained are valid in general for frequencies below the electron cyclotron frequency. It is believed that the results could be of importance in some models of radio pulsars and gamma-ray bursters.
Decomposition dynamics altered by straw removal management in the sugarcane-expansion regions in Brazil
Authors: Varanda Letícia L. , Cherubin Maurício R. , Cerri Carlos E. P.
Published: November 2018

Brazilian bioenergy production based on sugarcane is globally known as a sustainable energy matrix. In order to supply the growing demand for biofuels, the sugarcane area expanded by 46% in the last decade in Brazil. In addition, the industry’s interest in using sugarcane straw as raw material for bioenergy production has recently increased. Thus, understanding the straw decomposition dynamics in these new frontiers is imperative to support decision-making that will define a sustainable straw removal rate. A field experiment was conducted in three sites under a climate and soil gradient (from central to south) within the sugarcane-expansion region (i.e. Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraná states) to evaluate the straw decomposition. The amounts of 3, 6 and 12 Mg ha–1 of straw (dry mass, DM) were left on the soil surface after harvesting, representing the straw removal rates of about 75, 50 and 0% respectively. We quantified DM loss, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents and biochemical composition of the straw throughout a crop cycle (300 days). In addition, visual changes in the decomposing straw were evaluated through scanning electron microscopy. An exponential model was efficiently fitted to data of DM loss, describing the pattern of straw decomposition over time. The DM, C losses and cellulose and hemicellulose contents of straw changed over time among sites, reflecting the local edaphoclimatic conditions favourable for decomposition. The C:N ratio decreased from 106:1 to 65:1 for the lowest straw amount and 41:1 for the highest straw amount, and were correlated with the lowest (65%) and highest (76%) DM loss respectively. After the crop cycle, sugarcane straw changed visually, possible due to loss of biochemical compounds. In conclusion, lower straw removal induced an increase in the straw decomposition rate (higher DM loss over time), which could boost positive agronomic impacts such as increased C stock and improved soil quality.
Contrasting elegant variation in English- and Spanish-language dailies and novels
Authors: Sorenson Travis
Published: November 2018

Anyone who learns a second language realizes that beyond phonology, morphology, syntax, and lexicon, there are variations of style between different tongues. One notable manifestation is word choice, particularly in writing. Writers may repeat vocabulary for efficiency and clarity, or they may choose synonyms to promote variety and creativity. When the latter practice is carried to extremes, it is known as elegant variation and is largely stigmatized in English, whereas such flexibility is widely valued among writers of Romance languages such as Spanish. While this phenomenon has been noted anecdotally, the present study explores it empirically. The main focus is journalistic prose in two U.S. and two Mexican newspapers, followed by a briefer examination of English and Spanish literature. Although elegant variation occurs in various word classes, this study centers on specific nouns and verbs. While the results demonstrating the vast difference between English and Spanish are interesting in their own right, there follows a discussion of their practical impact on translation, including the preservation of idiomaticity. This is especially relevant in light of the vastly improved capabilities of Google Translate, a development that calls for a reevaluation of the role of both humans and machines in the translation process.
L’enseignement de la traduction spécialisée
Authors: Tolosa Igualada Miguel , Gallego Hernández Daniel
Published: November 2018

Les environnements virtuels, comme celui que nous présentons dans ce travail, permettent aux formateurs des futurs traducteurs de créer des espaces-temps professionnels ; organiser et structurer clairement ses cours (objectifs, contenus, compétences, évaluation, etc.) ; faire un suivi réel et personnalisé de chaque étudiant ; réutiliser et adapter le cours d’une année sur l’autre ; y accéder sans contrainte spatio-temporelle, et suivre d’une manière systématique les exigences du cadre européen d’enseignement supérieur basé sur la Déclaration de Bologne. L’étudiant, quant à lui, peut s’habituer facilement à l’espace-temps de la médiation ; s’accoutumer aux outils multimédia ; travailler en équipe avec ses camarades en étant plus près les uns des autres malgré la distance et le temps qui les séparent bien que cela puisse sembler un paradoxe ; apprendre de façon autonome ainsi que s’autoévaluer ; bénéficier en un temps record de la centralisation de l’information diffusée par ses camarades et ses professeurs ; accéder au cours sans contrainte spatio-temporelle.
Intimacy matters
Authors: Kaiser Heather R.
Published: November 2018

This chapter analyzes conflict discourse between domestic partners/couples. The interactions, recorded in Rosario, Uruguay, were part of a larger study on the refusal behavior of Uruguayan women in various spheres of life (domains). From this corpus, 41 refusal sequences were extracted in which a female participant rejected or refused her male partner in some respect (e.g. request, offer, suggestion). Refusal sequences found in couples talk positively correlated with aggravating moves and the use of upgraders, and negatively with mitigating moves and the use of downgraders. These results are discussed in terms ofWolfson’s (1988)Bulge theory of social distance.
A formalist perspective on language acquisition
Authors: Yang Charles
Published: November 2018

Language acquisition is a computational process by which linguistic experience is integrated into the learner’s initial stage of knowledge. To understand language acquisition thus requires precise statements about these components and their interplay, stepping beyond the philosophical and methodological disputes such as the generative vs. usage-based approaches. I review several mathematical models that have guided the study of child language acquisition: How learners integrate experience with their prior knowledge of linguistic structures, How researchers assess the progress of language acquisition with rigor and clarity, and How children form the rules of language even in the face of exceptions. I also suggest that these models are applicable to second language acquisition (L2), yielding potentially important insights on the continuities and differences between child and adult language.
Cosmopolitan English, traditional Japanese
Authors: Baudinette Thomas
Published: November 2018

The Linguistic Landscape of Tokyo’s premier gay district, Shinjuku Ni-chōme, contains much English-language signage. Previously
described in touristic literature as marking out spaces for foreign gay men, this article draws upon an ethnographic study of how
signage produces queer space in Japan to argue that English instead constructs a sense of cosmopolitan worldliness. The
ethnography also reveals that participants within Ni-chōme’s gay bar sub-culture contrast this cosmopolitan identity with a
“traditional” identity indexed by Japanese-language signage. In exploring how Japanese men navigate Ni-chōme’s signage, this
article deploys Piller and Takahashi’s (2006) notion of “language desire” to
investigate the role of LL in influencing individual queer men’s sense(s) of self. This article thus broadens the focus of LL
research to account for how engagement with an LL may impact identity construction, with an emphasis placed on how learning to
“read” an LL influences the formation of sexual identities.
Tel Aviv as a space of affirmation versus transformation
Authors: Milani Tommaso M. , Levon Erez , Gafter Roey J. , Or Iair G.
Published: November 2018

In this article we investigate the spatial politics of sexuality in Israel by focusing on two different but related data sets: (1) the official video for Tel Aviv Pride 2013 produced by the Mizrahi Jewish music groupArisa; and (2) a protest against the Occupation of Palestine performed at Tel Aviv Pride in 2017. We analyze these examples with the help of a theoretical framework that offers a dynamic conceptualization of citizenship and its semiotic manifestations, drawing onFraser’s (1995)distinction between affirmative and transformative strategies of social justice. In line with the remit of this special issue, we highlight the importance of taking sexuality as an entry point for Linguistic Landscape analysis. More specifically, we argue that a focus on sexuality in space opens up a window into theaffective, intimateandembodieddimensions of politics.
Estrategias de intensificación en los comentarios digitales sobre noticias en español
Authors: Muñoz Patricio Moya , Carrió-Pastor María Luisa
Published: November 2018

Abstracto

El objetivo de este estudio es identificar la variación cuando se utilizan mecanismos de intensificación en los comentarios en español sobre las noticias digitales que publican dos periódicos:El País(España) yEmol(Chile), y en dos ámbitos temáticos diferentes: la política y los deportes. Para lograr este objetivo, se analizó un corpus compuesto de 2,400 comentarios con la herramienta para el análisis de corpusUAM Corpus Tool. Los resultados obtenidos señalan que, por un lado, los comentarios de los escritores españoles correspondientes al diarioEl Paíspresentan una mayor cantidad de intensificadores que aquellos escritos enEmol. Por otro lado, se detectó que el ámbito temático no influye de forma determinante en la frecuencia de los intensificadores en ambos sub-corpus. Por último, se distingue la presencia de estrategias relacionadas con el español coloquial conversacional como, por ejemplo, la personalización medianteyoytú.
Alternancia entre el futuro morfológico y el futuro perifrástico en las interpelaciones urgentes del Parlamento
español
Authors: Troya Déniz Magnolia
Published: November 2018

Abstracto

En este artículo analizamos la alternancia entre el futuro morfológico (iré) y el futuro perifrástico (voy
a ir) en las interpelaciones urgentes del Parlamento español. Las investigaciones que examinan la variación de estas
formas para expresar posterioridad constatan que en el español hablado predomina la forma analítica, mientras que en la lengua
escrita es más frecuente el futuro sintético. La interpelación conforma un género discursivo que se materializa oralmente en una
situación comunicativa formal después de haber sido sometida a un proceso de elaboración. Los resultados del presente estudio
revelan que en términos generales el futuro perifrástico es la forma con mayor índice de frecuencia en las interpelaciones. No
obstante, del análisis estadístico que hemos realizado se desprende que también hay factores que favorecen de manera significativa
la aparición del futuro morfológico. Asimismo, los datos indican que la variación entre las formas de futuro se explica
fundamentalmente por condicionantes lingüísticos.
Sobre la naturaleza de los corpus y la comparabilidad de resultados en lingüística histórica
Authors: Enghels Renata , Azofra Sierra María Elena
Published: November 2018

Abstracto

Este artículo contribuye a la discusión sobre el valor de los datos empíricos en el campo de la lingüística histórica. En la literatura se han discutido ampliamente los problemas metodológicos derivados del hecho de que los análisis diacrónicos estén basados casi exclusivamente en fuentes escritas. Este problema general de la representatividad de los datos se acentúa cuando se aborda el estudio histórico de fenómenos típicos de la oralidad, como son los marcadores pragmáticos. Sin embargo, a pesar de los argumentos empleados tanto a favor del uso de fuentes escritas como en su contra, este problema metodológico no ha sido objeto aún de una verificación empírica consistente en español. Este estudio supone un primer paso para cubrir esta laguna, para lo cual se comparan los resultados de un análisis diacrónico reciente del marcador pragmáticosabesen un corpus escrito literario y en un corpus de español hablado.
Building controlled bilingual terminologies for the municipal domain and evaluating them using a coverage estimation
approach
Authors: Miyata Rei , Kageura Kyo
Published: November 2018

This article examines the status of constructed controlled terminologies from the perspective of the coverage of terms/concepts. To
facilitate controlled authoring of Japanese texts of the municipal domain and promote machine translatability into English, we
constructed terminologies in the following way: (1) Japanese-English term pairs are extracted from aligned texts; (2) term
variations are controlled by defining preferred and proscribed terms for both languages. To assess the coverage of the constructed
terminologies, we propose a quantitative extrapolation method that estimates the potential vocabulary size. The coverage
estimations show that the coverage of terms for Japanese is higher than that for English by about 10%, which
reflects the greater diversity of the translated English terms. The coverage of concepts reaches around 60% for
both Japanese and English. The method also enables us to quantitatively estimate how much effort is needed to further increase the
coverage.
English translation of long Traditional Chinese Medicine terms
Authors: Chen Yaru , Chen Wei
Published: November 2018

Apart from the importance of accurate meaning transference, the key to English translation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
terms lies in the proper translation of term forms, in particular, of long term structures and length. This article reports on an
empirical study of the English translation of long TCM terms by the following procedures: (1) collecting 1220 TCM terms and their
English translations from dictionaries, journals and official websites related to TCM terminology translation; (2) segmenting and
POS-tagging with ICTCLAS to obtain 823 long TCM terms with 3 or more Chinese words; (3) selecting 150 out of the 823 long TCM
terms through random sampling; (4) POS-tagging the 150 English translations with CLAWS5; (5) basing on the parallel corpus and
systematically discussing the structures, term length change, translation techniques and translation regularities generalized from
the English translation of long TCM terms. The result shows nominalization, shift of some pre-modifiers into post-modifiers, and
amplification of a predicate in the 9 kinds of structural features, and some translation techniques like literal translation,
paraphrase, adaptation, amplification and simplification employed in the English translation of long TCM terms.
Microstructure evolution during thermomechanical processing in 3Mn-0.1C medium-Mn steel
Authors: Hou Feifei , Bai Yu , Shibata Akinobu , Tsuji Nobuhiro
Published: November 2018

Medium-Mn steels are energetically investigated as a candidate of the third generation advanced high strength steels (AHSSs). However, their phase transformation and microstructaure evolution during various heat treatments and thermomechanical processing are still unclear. The present study first confirmed the kinetics of static phase transformation behaviour in a 3Mn-0.1C medium-Mn steel. Hot compression tests were also carried out to investigate the influence of high-temperature deformation of austenite on subsequent microstructure evolution. It was found that static ferrite transformation was quite slow in this steel, but ferrite transformation was greatly accelerated by the hot deformation in austenite and ferrite two-phase regions. Characteristic dual-phase microstructures composed of martensite and fine-grained ferrite were obtained, which exhibited superior mechanical properties.

This paper is part of a Thematic Issue on Medium Manganese Steels.
Microstructure and heat treatment effect on transformation strain in steels: Part 2 modelling
Authors: Otsuka Takayuki , Satani Daisuke , Yamamoto Kenji , Okamura Kazuo , Brenner Renald , Bacroix Brigitte
Published: November 2018

Anisotropic dilatation during phase transformation in steels can be caused by banded microstructure. As well as the directionality in mechanical properties, the anisotropic transformation strain can result in distortion and dimension change of the products. Hence, mechanical assessment of this phenomenon is of great importance. In this paper, a numerical approach using Crystal Plasticity Fast Fourier Transform (CPFFT) has been developed and used, reproducing the anisotropic transformation stain during heating (experimental results are reported in Part 1). It was confirmed by the numerical simulation that the banded microstructure in microstructure can be one of the most important reasons for the anisotropy of transformation strain.
An ergodic theorem for nonsingular actions of the Heisenberg groups
Authors: Jarrett Kieran
Published: November 2018

We show that there is a sequence of subsets of each discrete Heisenberg group for which the nonsingular ergodic theorem holds. The sequence depends only on the group; it works for any of its nonsingular actions. To do this, we use a metric which was recently shown by Le Donne and Rigot to have the Besicovitch covering property and then apply an adaptation of Hochman’s proof of the multiparameter nonsingular ergodic theorem.
Intraoperative, open-heart coronary angiography in severe acute aortic valve endocarditis
Authors: van der Linden Marcel , Heuts Samuel , Veenstra Leo , Lorusso Roberto
Published: November 2018

We present the use of intraoperative open-heart coronary angiography in a patient with aortic valve endocarditis and extensive coronary calcification on coronary computed tomography angiography. Open-heart angiography was performed intraoperatively and revealed no significant stenoses. Aortic valve replacement without concomitant bypass surgery was performed, and the patient had an uneventful postoperative course.
Spell checker for consumer language (CSpell)
Authors: Lu Chris J , Aronson Alan R , Shooshan Sonya E , Demner-Fushman Dina
Published: November 2018

Objective

Automated understanding of consumer health inquiries might be hindered by misspellings. To detect and correct various types of spelling errors in consumer health questions, we developed a distributable spell-checking tool, CSpell, that handles nonword errors, real-word errors, word boundary infractions, punctuation errors, and combinations of the above.

Methods

We developed a novel approach of using dual embedding within Word2vec for context-dependent corrections. This technique was used in combination with dictionary-based corrections in a 2-stage ranking system. We also developed various splitters and handlers to correct word boundary infractions. All correction approaches are integrated to handle errors in consumer health questions.

Results

Our approach achieves an F1 score of 80.93% and 69.17% for spelling error detection and correction, respectively.

Discussion

The dual-embedding model shows a significant improvement (9.13%) in F1 score compared with the general practice of using cosine similarity with word vectors in Word2vec for context ranking. Our 2-stage ranking system shows a 4.94% improvement in F1 score compared with the best 1-stage ranking system.

Conclusion

CSpell improves over the state of the art and provides near real-time automatic misspelling detection and correction in consumer health questions. The software and the CSpell test set are available at https://umlslex.nlm.nih.gov/cSpell.
Monetary policy regimes and growth revisited: evidence from a de facto classification
Authors: Wong Kin-Ming , Chong Terence Tai-Leung
Published: November 2018

Pioneered by New Zealand in 1990, a growing number of countries have adopted the practice of inflation targeting, the international experience of which has been reported as satisfactory. However, existing empirical evidence fails to support inflation targeting as having a positive growth effect. To provide further evidence, this study adopts a new classification system for monetary policy regimes that allows the empirical estimation of the effect of inflation targeting on economic growth in comparison with its main alternative, exchange rate targeting. Our study, which covers more than 100 countries for the 35 years from 1974 to 2009, presents robust evidence that inflation targeting promotes economic growth.
110. The Burden and Preventability of Sepsis-Associated Mortality in 6 US Acute Care Hospitals
Authors: Rhee Chanu , Jones Travis , Hamad Yasir , Pande Anupam , Varon Jack , O’Brien Cara , Anderson Deverick J , Warren David K , Dantes Raymund , Epstein Lauren , Klompas Michael
Published: November 2018

Background

Sepsis is considered a leading cause of preventable death, but the actual burden of sepsis mortality is difficult to measure using administrative data or death certificates. We analyzed the prevalence, underlying causes, and preventability of deaths due to sepsis in acute care hospitals using detailed medical record reviews.

Methods

We randomly selected 577 adult patients who died in-hospital or were discharged to hospice in 2014–2015 at 6 US academic and community hospitals for medical record review. Cases were reviewed by experienced clinicians for sepsis during hospitalization (using Sepsis-3 criteria), terminal conditions on admission (defined using hospice-qualifying criteria), immediate and underlying causes of death, and suboptimal sepsis care (delays in antibiotics, inappropriate antibiotic therapy, inadequate source control, or other medical errors). The overall preventability of death was rated on a 6-point Likert scale (from definitely not preventable to definitely preventable) taking into account comorbidities, severity of illness, and quality of care.

Results

Sepsis was present in 302/577 (52%) hospitalizations ending in death or discharge to hospice and was the immediate cause of death in 199 cases (35%) (Figure 1A). Underlying causes of death in sepsis patients included solid cancer (21%) and chronic heart disease (15%), and hematologic cancer (10%) (Figure 1B). The median age of sepsis patients who died was 73 (IQR 62–84). Terminal conditions were present in 122/302 (40%) sepsis deaths, most commonly end-stage cancer (26% of cases). Suboptimal care was identified in 68 (23%) of sepsis deaths, most commonly delays in antibiotics (11% of cases). However, only 4% of sepsis deaths were definitely or likely preventable and an additional 8% were considered possibly preventable with optimal clinical care (Figures 2 and 3).

Conclusion

Our findings affirm that sepsis is the most common cause of death in hospitalized patients. Most patients that died with sepsis were elderly with severe comorbidities, but up to 1 in 8 sepsis deaths were felt to be potentially preventable with better hospital-based care. These findings may inform resource allocation and expectations surrounding the impact of hospital-based sepsis treatment initiatives.

Disclosures

All authors: No reported disclosures.
112. Sick Employee Online Log System for Tracking Employee Illnesses During the 2017–2018 Influenza Season Provided Real-Time Surveillance and Early Detection of Influenza-Like Illnesses Among Employees
Authors: Ramsey Keith M , Cochran M Kathy , Cleve William
Published: November 2018

Background

Vidant Health is an 8-hospital, 1,542-bed system (including the 908-bed teaching hospital for The Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University) with over 12,000 employees, and uses a sick employee online log (SEOL) to track illnesses among employees. Influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance is collected from sentinel sites across the state of North Carolina (NC) by the Department of Health. Our goals were to determine the utility of the SEOL to monitor ILI among employees and to compare trends with the NC ILI-system for Influenza surveillance.

Methods

When an employee calls in sick, symptoms for ILI in both the SEOL system and NC ILI-system include fever plus cough and/or sore throat. SEOL is an internet-based system, so information is collected and analyzed in real time. The number of sick hospital employees with influenza-like illness (ILI) per week during the 2017–2018 Influenza season was compared both to those employees reporting “Flu” and to the NC ILI numbers from the sentinel sites using MS Excel.

Results

The data analyzed was from October 2017 to April 2018. First, while lesser actual numbers of sick employees reported “Flu,” there was a correlation value of 0.93 between those reporting “Flu” and those reporting ILI symptoms (see Figure 1). Secondly, the SEOL results are available daily, while the NC ILI data are reported 7–12 days from entry; however, the peaks in ILI paralleled those of the peaks in SEOL data for employees reporting symptoms of ILI (see Figure 2) with a correlation value of 0.79 between the two. Finally, there were no breaks in confidentiality for those employees utilizing the SEOL.

Conclusion

The SEOL provided a real-time tool to monitor employee illnesses due to ILI during influenza season, and without the lag time of the ILI-surveillance by the state. This system maintained confidentiality with a convenient method for data entry. These findings conclude that the SEOL system data correlated positively with the state ILI data and provided an early detection system for the appearance of influenza among our employees.

Disclosures

All authors: No reported disclosures.