bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zinc and cadmium adsorption from wastewater using hydroxyapatite synthesized from flue gas desulfurization waste
Authors: Kızıltas Demir Sıla , Tugrul Nurcan
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this work is to produce an alternative cost-effective adsorbent to remove zinc and cadmium from wastewater using hydroxyapatite (HAP) synthesized with hydrothermal method from FGD (Flue gas desulfurization) waste generated by two different coal power plants. The effects of FGD type (Cayırhan and Orhaneli) and molar ratio (H3PO4/CaSO4) (0.6–4.79) on HAP synthesis were investigated. Afterwards, effects of the adsorbent dose (1–2 g/L), heavy metal concentration (30, 40, 50 mg/L) and contact time (1, 2, 3, 4 h) on zinc and cadmium adsorption yield from synthetic wastewater using produced HAP were examined. FGD waste and synthesized FGD-HAP were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) instruments. The zinc and cadmium concentration was studied by Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Maximum zinc adsorption capacity of the Cayırhan FGD-HAP was 49.97 and 49.99 mg/L, Orhaneli FGD-HAP was 49.96 and 49.99 mg/L, for 1 g/L and 2 g/L adsorbent dose, respectively, for 50 mg/L heavy metal concentration and 4 h contact time. Maximum cadmium adsorption capacity of the Cayırhan FGD-HAP was 39.98 and 39.99 mg/L, Orhaneli FGD-HAP was 40 and 39.99 mg/L, for 1 g/L and 2 g/L adsorbent dose, respectively, for 40 mg/L heavy metal concentration and 4 h contact time. Adsorption yields were calculated between 98.53% and 100%. The adsorption data were well explained by a second-order kinetic model, and the Freundlich isotherm model fits the equilibrium data. The adsorption results demonstrated that FGD's waste is an effective source to synthesize HAP, which is used as an adsorbent for zinc and cadmium removal from wastewater due to high adsorption capacity.
Synthesis of zinc chloride activated eco-friendly nano-adsorbent (activated carbon) from food waste for removal of pollutant from biodiesel wash water
Authors: Santhosh A. , Dawn S. S.
Published: July 2021

Food waste has been a complex component added to municipal solid waste, making it a major reason for the evolution of greenhouse gases, foul odour and a dwelling habitat for insects and microbes. Diversion of the mixed food waste (unsegregated) to useful materials (activated carbon) would have immense industrial significance. In this study, rice, vegetables, oil and spice (WCVR); mixed fruit peels including banana peel, pomegranate peel, orange peel and lemon peel (MFPW); plain rice (WCR) and mixed food waste (rice, dhal, vegetables, fruits, meat and bones) (MFW) were used. Food waste samples were heated at a temperature of 350 °C for 3 h in an incinerator and then activated with zinc chloride for 2 h in a muffle furnace maintained at 500–600 °C temperature. Zinc chloride activated carbon was characterized through X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. WCR carbon was the best-activated carbon, yielding nanomaterials with 2θ = 25.81, 31.76, 34.41 and 56.54, which was in accordance with the JCPDS card number. The MFW activated carbon reduced the biodiesel wash water pH from 10 to 6.5 making it suitable for recycling. Turbidity was reduced by 98.41%, chemical oxygen demand by 41.33%, oil and grease by 99.05% for MFW carbon.
Best-fit probability distribution models for monthly rainfall of Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Ximenes Patricia de Souza Medeiros Pina , Silva Antonio Samuel Alves da , Ashkar Fahim , Stosic Tatijana
Published: July 2021

The analysis of precipitation data is extremely important for strategic planning and decision-making in various natural systems, as well as in planning and preparing for a drought period. The drought is responsible for several impacts on the economy of Northeast Brazil (NEB), mainly in the agricultural and livestock sectors. This study analyzed the fit of 2-parameter distributions gamma (GAM), log-normal (LNORM), Weibull (WEI), generalized Pareto (GP), Gumbel (GUM) and normal (NORM) to monthly precipitation data from 293 rainfall stations across NEB, in the period 1988–2017. The maximum likelihood (ML) method was used to estimate the parameters to fit the models and the selection of the model was based on a modification of the Shapiro-Wilk statistic. The results showed the chosen 2-parameter distributions to be flexible enough to describe the studied monthly precipitation data. The GAM and WEI models showed the overall best fits, but the LNORM and GP models gave the best fits in certain months of the year and regions that differed from the others in terms of their average precipitation.
"Ne bis in eadem" based on the judgement of the Tribunal of the Rota of the Apostolic Nunciature in Spain coram Carlos Morán Bustos of 15th June 2007
Authors: Kantor Robert
Published: July 2021

W Kościele rzymskokatolickim władza sądownicza stanowi część władzy rządzenia, która zgodnie z kan. 135 KPK dzieli się na władzę ustawodawczą, wykonawczą i sądowniczą. Funkcja sądownicza zawiera się w sądzeniu, czyli w deklarowaniu i aplikowaniu prawa do pojedynczych sytuacji spornych. Władza ta przypisana jest jako własna papieżowi oraz biskupom, natomiast codziennie i praktycznie jest ona wykonywana w Kościele na sposób zastępczy przez osoby i struktury ustanowione na sposób stały do jej sprawowania, czyli przez Trybunały Apostolskie oraz trybunały biskupie.

Jednym z takich trybunałów jest Trybunał Roty Nuncjatury Apostolskiej w Hiszpanii zwany Trybunałem Roty w Madrycie lub najczęściej nazywany po prostu Rotą Hiszpańską. Jest to trybunał zasadniczo apelacyjny i został utworzony na mocy przywileju Stolicy Apostolskiej w XVI w. Przedmiotem artykułu jest komentarz do wyroku, w którym kluczowe jest zagadnienie podwójnego rozpatrywania tej samej sprawy.
A Review on Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Aziridines and their Applications in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Qadir Tanzeela , Amin Andleeb , Sarkar Deeptanu , Sharma Praveen Kumar
Published: July 2021

Aziridines are the saturated three-membered cyclic amines that constitute an important
group of synthetic intermediates. These could act as a precursor for diverse organic
compounds owing to the reactivity due to the ring strain associated with them. The outstanding
property of aziridines is their high reactivity towards various nucleophilic and electrophilic
reagents to acquire more stable ring-opened or ring-expanded amines that could be obtained
from the release of strain energy intrinsic in a small ring. As such, aziridines could be used in
the synthesis of 4-7 membered heterocycles of biological and industrial significance, such as
azetidines, imidazoles, thiazoles, pyrazines, pyrimidines, benzothiazines, benzodiazepines, etc.
Earlier synthesis of aziridines was considered a laborious task due to their instability. However,
various synthetic approaches leading to the formation of aziridines are now available in the literature. Recently,
green, cost-effective and approaches based on simpler work-up for these reactions have attracted researcher's attention.
This review article deals with synthetic routes of aziridines and aziridine applications in organic synthesis.
The Antiproliferative Activity of Ferrocene Derivatives against Drug- Resistant Cancer Cell Lines: A Mini Review
Authors: Li Li , Ma Lin , Sun Jian
Published: July 2021

Cancer, a highly heterogeneous disease at intra/inter patient levels, remains a serious health
problem contributing to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite great progress in
clinical treatment, the concern impeding the success of conventional cancer chemotherapy is descending
efficacy of anticancer agents due to the development of drug resistance especially multiple drug
resistance (MDR). Ferrocene derivatives have a different mode of action to the platinum anticancer
drugs, and the ferrocene-phenol hybridferrocifen exhibits potentialactivity againstdrug-resistant cancers.
Currently, ferrocifen is in preclinical trial, demonstrating that ferrocene derivatives are useful
scaffolds for the development of novel anticancer candidates which are active against drug-resistant
cancers. In the present review, the current scenario of ferrocene derivatives including ferrocenemetal
complexes, hybrids and other derivatives with antiproliferative potential against drug-resistant cancer
cell lines is summarized for further rational design.
Advancement of Prodrug Approaches for Nucleotide Antiviral Agents
Authors: Li Yanping , Yang Bo , Quan Yanni , Li Zhuorong
Published: July 2021

Synthetic nucleoside or nucleotide analogues played a key role to the development of antiviral
agents in past decades. However, low membrane permeability and insufficient cellular phosphorylation
impaired the biological activity of polar nucleoside drugs because they have to penetrate
the cell membrane and be phosphorylated to active metabolite stepwise by intracellular enzymes.
To overcome these limitations, diverse lipophilic prodrug modifications based on nucleoside
mono-, di-, and triphosphate were designed and put into practice to efficiently deliver nucleoside
into the target site, and bypass the rate-limited phosphorylation step. As the most successful
prodrug strategy, ProTide technology has led to the discovery of three FDA-approved antiviral
agents, including sofosbuvir, tenofovir alafenadmide, and remdesivir, which has been authorized
for emergency use in patients of COVID-19 in the US. In recent years, nucleoside di- and triphosphate
prodrugs have also made the significant progress. This review will focus on the summary of
design approach and metabolic activation path of different nucleotide prodrug strategies. The potential
application of nucleotide prodrugs for the treatment of COVID-19 was also described due to
the pandemic of SARS-CoV-2.
Unraveling Potential Candidate Targets Associated with Expression of p16INK4a or p16 Truncated Fragment by Comparative Proteomics Analysis
Authors: Fahham Najmeh , Zandi Fatemeh , Ghahremani Mohammad Hossein , Ostad Seyed Nasser , Vaziri Behrouz , Shahraeini Seyed Sadegh , Sardari Soroush
Published: July 2021

Background:

p16 is a tumor suppressor protein that is significantly involved in cycle regulation through the reduction of cell progression from the G1 phase to the S phase via CDK-cyclin D/p16INK4a/pRb/E2F cascade. The minimum functional domain of p16 has been uncovered that may function comparable to wild type p16.

Objective:

To expand the knowledge on molecules and mechanisms by which p16 or p1666-156 fragment suppresses human fibrosarcoma cell line growth, differential proteome profiles of fibrosarcoma cells following p16 full length or the functional domain overexpression, were analyzed.

Methods:

Following transfecting HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells with p16 full length, p1666-156 truncated form, and pcDNA3.1 empty vector, protein extract of each sample was harvested and clarified by centrifugation, and then the protein content was determined via Bradford assay. All protein extract of each sample was analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Immunoblot analysis was performed as further validation of the expression status of identified proteins.

Results:

Expression of p16 or p1666-156 fragment could induce mostly the common alterations (up/- down-regulation) of proteome profile of HT-1080 cells. Mass spectrometry identification of the differentially expressed protein spots revealed several proteins that were grouped in functional clusters, including cell cycle regulation and proliferation, cell migration and structure, oxidative stress, protein metabolism, epigenetic regulation, and signal transduction.

Conclusion:

The minimum functional domain of p16 could act in the same way as p16 full length. Also, these new findings can significantly enrich the understanding of p16 growth-suppressive function at the molecular level by the introduction of potential candidate targets for new treatment strategies. Furthermore, the present study provides strong evidence on the functional efficacy of the identified fragment of p16 for further attempts toward peptidomimetic drug design or gene transfer to block cancer cell proliferation.
Asymmetric Organocatalytic Syntheses of Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Sansinenea Estibaliz , Ortiz Aurelio
Published: July 2021

Background:

The total syntheses of complex natural products have evolved to include new methodologies to save time, simplifying the form to achieve these natural compounds.

Objective:

In this review, we have described the asymmetric synthesis of different natural products and biologically active compounds of the last ten years until the current day.

Results:

An asymmetric organocatalytic reaction is a key to generate stereoselectively the main structure with the required stereochemistry.

Conclusion:

Even more remarkable, the organocatalytic cascade reactions, which are carried out with high stereoselectivity, as well as a possible approximation of the organocatalysts activation with sub-strates are also described.
Isolation of Actinomycetes and Screening for Lipase Inhibitors Production
Authors: Chandwad Shivabai , Chandwad Chandrasen , Gutte Sudhakar
Published: July 2021

Background:

Obesity is a growing global health problem. Obesity leads to cardiovascular
disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. One of the approaches to
controlling and treating obesity has involved inhibition of dietary lipid digestion by pancreatic lipase
inhibitors. Microbes and plant sources provide a rich source of enzyme inhibitors, including pancreatic
lipase inhibitors that can be developed as a drug for obesity treatment.

Objective:

The objective of the work, mainly focuses and highlights the isolation of actinomycetes and
screening for pancreatic lipase inhibitors production.

Methods:

Actinomycetes were isolated from soil samples by pre-treatment of samples and using selective
growth medium with and without antibiotics. Isolated actinomycetes were grown in fermentation
conditions and metabolites were extracted with isopropyl alcohol and the solvent evaporated to get
crude material. Extract of each isolate screened for pancreatic lipase inhibition using p- nitrophenyl
palmitate as substrate by spectroscopic method.

Results:

A total of 86 actinomycetes strains were isolated from soil samples. Out of 86 extracts,10 extracts
have shown positive results for porcine pancreatic lipase inhibition, and inhibition activity was in
the range of 10-80%. 50 % inhibitory concentration determined using 1 to 8 mg/mL extract in the assay.
Extract of isolate A9, B3, and C6 having 50 % inhibitory activity below 3 mg/mL concentration
and Orlistat as a standard has shown 50 % inhibitory activity at below 1 mg/mL concentration.

Conclusion:

The results conclude that actinomycetes are potential source of lipase inhibitors, which
may lead to valuable novel drugs for obesity treatment.
Withdrawal Notice: The Correlation Between ERRα Expression Level and Pathological Grade, Overall Survival, and Cancer Types: A Study on a Cohort of 150 Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Sun Ning , Li Chenchen , Teng Yue , Deng Yuxia , Shi Lin
Published: July 2021

The article has been withdrawn by agreement between the editors and publisher of Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery. The authors are not responding to the editor's requests to provide the language-edited version.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

BENTHAM SCIENCE DISCLAIMER:

It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submit-ting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
Artificial Intelligence and Cancer Drug Development
Authors: Yang Mary Q. , Wang Shanzhi , Yang Fan , Darsey Jerry A. , Ghosh Anindya , Li Hong-Yu
Published: July 2021

Background:

The development of cancer drugs is among the most focused “bench to
bedside activities” to improve human health. Because of the amount of data publicly available to
cancer research, drug development for cancers has significantly benefited from big data and Artificial
Intelligence (AI). In the meantime, challenges, like curating the data of low quality, remain to
be resolved.

Objective:

This review focused on the recent advancements in and challenges of AI in developing
cancer drugs.

Method:

We discussed target validation, drug repositioning, de novo design, and compounds' synthetic
strategies.

Results and Conclusion:

AI can be applied to all stages during drug development, and some excellent
reviews detailing the applications of AI in specific stages are available.
An Update of Lysine Specific Demethylase 1 Inhibitor: A Patent Review
(2016-2020)
Authors: Wang Bo , Liu Hong-Min , Zheng Yi-Chao , Liu Yue-Jiao , Gao Ya
Published: July 2021

Background:

As a FAD (Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide) - dependent histone demethylase
discovered in 2004, LSD1 (lysine-specific demethylase 1) was reported to be overexpressed in
diverse tumors, regulating target genes transcription associated with cancer development. Hence,
LSD1 targeted inhibitors may represent a new insight in anticancer drug discovery. For these reasons,
researchers in both the pharmaceutical industry and academia have been actively pursuing LSD1
inhibitors in the quest for new anti-cancer drugs.

Objectives:

This review summaries patents about LSD1 inhibitors in recent 5 years in the hope of
providing a reference for LSD1 researchers to develop new modulators of LSD1 with higher potency
and fewer adverse effects.

Methods:

This review collects LSD1 inhibitors disclosed in patents since 2016. The primary ways
of patent searching are Espacenet®, Google Patents, and CNKI.

Results:

This review covers dozens of patents related to LSD1 inhibitors in recent five years. The
compound structures are mainly divided into TCP (Tranylcypromine) derivatives, imidazole derivatives,
pyrimidine derivatives, and other natural products and peptides. Meanwhile, the compounds
that have entered the clinical phase are also described.

Conclusion:

Most of the compounds in these patents have been subjected to activity analysis with
LSD1 and multi-cell lines, showing good antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. These patents exhibited
the structural diversity of LSD1 inhibitors and the potential of natural products as novel LSD1
inhibitors.
COVID-19 Vaccines: Fabrication Techniques and Current Status
Authors: Kaur Lakhvir , Mahajan Ayushi , Singh Gurjeet , Dhawan Ravi Kumar , Singh Lovepreet , Kaur Anureet
Published: July 2021

:

The year 2020 was the most challenging period due to the havoc caused by the outbreak
of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Scientists and researchers all around the world have endeavored
every possible approach to find solutions in context to therapeutics and vaccines to control the
spread of this life-threatening virus. The acceleration instigated by the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2
and its mutated strains has leveraged the use of numerous platform technologies for the development
of vaccines against this unfathomable disease. Vaccines could play an important role in mitigating
the effects of COVID-19 and reducing the ongoing health crisis. Various innovative platforms
like proteins, nucleic acids, viruses, and viral vectors have been exploited to fabricate
vaccines depicting almost 90% of efficacy like BNT162b2, AZD1222, Ad5-nCoV, etc. Some of these
vaccines are multipotent and have shown potent activity against newly emerged malicious
strains of SARS-CoV-2 like B.1.351 and B.1.1.7. In this review article, we have gathered key findings
from various sources of recently popularized vaccine candidates, which will provide an
overview of potential vaccine candidates against this virus and will help the researchers to investigate
possible ways to annihilate this menace and design new moieties.
Перестраиваемый источник многочастотного излучения Ka-диапазона на основе импульсной гирорезонансной лампы обратной волны
Authors: Розенталь Р.М. , Самсонов С.В. , Богдашов А.А. , Гачев И.Г. , Леонтьев А.Н. , Гинзбург Н.С.
Published: July 2021

The multifrequency radiation in a pulsed gyro-resonance backward-wave oscillator (gyro-BWO) of the Ka-band based on a waveguide with helical corrugation are obtained. The radiation power achieved 30-35 kW with a pulse duration of about 120 μs and a repetition rate of up to 10 Hz. Due to the change in the magnetostatic field in the interaction region and the pitch factor of the particles, the center oscillation frequency and the distance between the main spectral lines are tuned in the 32–35.5 GHz and in the 360–550 MHz ranges, correspondingly.
Исследование чувствительности микродискового лазера к изменению показателя преломления окружающей среды
Authors: Крыжановская Н.В. , Мельниченко И.А. , Букатин А.С. , Корнев А.А. , Филатов Н.А. , Щербак С.А. , Липовский А.А. , Драгунова А.C. , Кулагина М.М. , Лихачев А.И. , Фетисова М.В. , Редуто И.В. , Максимов М.В. , Жуков А.Е.
Published: July 2021

We investigated the dependence of the spectral position of the lasing line of a microdisk laser with InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots on the refractive index of an aqueous solution in which the microlaser is immersed. For microlasers with 10 μm diameter immersed in an aqueous solution of glucose, the maximum resonance shift of 9.4 nm/RIU was obtained.
Assisted Phytostabilization of Acidic Polymetallic Mine Tailings Using Marble Waste and Native Plant Citrullus colocynthis: Effect on Soil, Plant, and Metal Uptake
Authors:   National Center for Research and Studies on Water and Energy, CNEREE, Cadi Ayyad University, PO 511, Marrakech, Morocco, Midhat Laila ,   Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, PO 2390, Marrakech, Morocco, Ouazzani Naaila ,   National Center for Research and Studies on Water and Energy, CNEREE, Cadi Ayyad University, PO 511, Marrakech, Morocco,   Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, PO 2390, Marrakech, Morocco, Hejjaj Abdessamed ,   National Center for Research and Studies on Water and Energy, CNEREE, Cadi Ayyad University, PO 511, Marrakech, Morocco, Ouhammou Ahmed ,   Laboratory of Environment and Ecology (L2E, CNRST Associated Research Unit, URAC 32), Regional Herbarium MARK, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco, Mandi Laila ,   National Center for Research and Studies on Water and Energy, CNEREE, Cadi Ayyad University, PO 511, Marrakech, Morocco,   Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, PO 2390, Marrakech, Morocco
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the phytostabilization ability of the native Moroccan plant Citrullus colocynthis on the neutralization of soil acidity and stabilization of metallic trace elements (MTEs) assisted by marble waste. Mine tailings (MT) collected from an abandoned polymetallic site were mixed with powdered marble (PM) using different mixing ratios (%): (MTPM25), (MTPM50), (MTPM75), and agricultural soil (AS) acting as the control. Seeds of C. colocynthis were selected and planted under greenhouse conditions. Growth parameters were measured, and the metal concentrations in substrates and plant tissues were analyzed. The greenhouse results revealed that the growth parameters of C. colocynthis in the experimental treatments were significantly (p≤0.05) lower than those in agricultural soil. The growth of C. colocynthis significantly (p≤0.05) decreased as the ratio of powdered marble increased. The greatest increase in plant biomass was observed in the MTPM25, followed by MTPM50 and MTPM75. Some phytotoxic effects on plants were observed in MPTM­75. The concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd in C. colocynthis roots were significantly (p≤0.05) higher than those of shoots, with maximum values of 112.98 mg kg-1, 201.3 mg kg-1, 201.2 mg kg-1, and 40.03 mg kg-1, respectively. This is a typical characteristic of accumulator plants and maybe one of the tolerance mechanisms. Plants in the experimental treatments were characterized by TF<1 and BCF<1, which indicate that C. colocynthis could be useful for phytostabilization strategies. Our study demonstrates that the phytostabilization by C. colocynthis assisted by powdered marble could represent a successful and environmentally friendly strategy to remediate acidic polymetallic sites.
Toward a Behavior Theory–Informed and User-Centered Mobile App for Parents to Prevent Infant Falls: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Cooray Nipuna , Sun Si Louise , Ho Catherine , Adams Susan , Keay Lisa , Nassar Natasha , Brown Julie
Published: July 2021

Background

Falls account for approximately 50% of infant injury hospitalizations, and caretaker behavior is central to preventing infant falls. Behavior theory–informed interventions for injury prevention have been suggested, but to date, few have been reported. The potential of using smartphones for injury prevention intervention delivery is also underexploited.

Objective

This study aims to develop a behavior theory– and evidence-based as well as user-centered digital intervention as a mobile app for parents to prevent infant falls following agile development practices.

Methods

Infant falls while feeding was selected as the fall mechanism to demonstrate the approach being taken to develop this intervention. In phase 1, the Behaviour Change Wheel was used as a theoretical framework supported by a literature review to define intervention components that were then implemented as a mobile app. In phase 2, after the person-based approach, user testing through think-aloud interviews and comprehension assessments were used to refine the content and implementation of the intervention.

Results

The target behaviors identified in phase 1 were adequate rest for the newborn’s mother and safe feeding practices defined as prepare, position, and place. From behavioral determinants and the Behaviour Change Wheel, the behavior change functions selected to achieve these target behaviors were psychological capability, social opportunity, and reflective motivation. The selected behavior change techniques aligned with these functions were providing information on health consequences, using a credible source, instruction on performing each behavior, and social support. The defined intervention was implemented in a draft Android app. In phase 2, 4 rounds of user testing were required to achieve the predefined target comprehension level. The results from the think-aloud interviews were used to refine the intervention content and app features. Overall, the results from phase 2 revealed that users found the information provided to be helpful. Features such as self-tracking and inclusion of the social and environmental aspects of falls prevention were liked by the participants. Important feedback for the successful implementation of the digital intervention was also obtained from the user testing.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first study to apply the Behaviour Change Wheel to develop a digital intervention for child injury prevention. This study provides a detailed example of evidence-based development of a behavior theory–informed mobile intervention for injury prevention refined using the person-based approach.
Shift in Social Media App Usage During COVID-19 Lockdown and Clinical Anxiety Symptoms: Machine Learning–Based Ecological Momentary Assessment Study
Authors: Ryu Jihan , Sükei Emese , Norbury Agnes , H Liu Shelley , Campaña-Montes Juan José , Baca-Garcia Enrique , Artés Antonio , Perez-Rodriguez M Mercedes
Published: July 2021

Background

Anxiety symptoms during public health crises are associated with adverse psychiatric outcomes and impaired health decision-making. The interaction between real-time social media use patterns and clinical anxiety during infectious disease outbreaks is underexplored.

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the usage pattern of 2 types of social media apps (communication and social networking) among patients in outpatient psychiatric treatment during the COVID-19 surge and lockdown in Madrid, Spain and their short-term anxiety symptoms (7-item General Anxiety Disorder scale) at clinical follow-up.

Methods

The individual-level shifts in median social media usage behavior from February 1 through May 3, 2020 were summarized using repeated measures analysis of variance that accounted for the fixed effects of the lockdown (prelockdown versus postlockdown), group (clinical anxiety group versus nonclinical anxiety group), the interaction of lockdown and group, and random effects of users. A machine learning–based approach that combined a hidden Markov model and logistic regression was applied to predict clinical anxiety (n=44) and nonclinical anxiety (n=51), based on longitudinal time-series data that comprised communication and social networking app usage (in seconds) as well as anxiety-associated clinical survey variables, including the presence of an essential worker in the household, worries about life instability, changes in social interaction frequency during the lockdown, cohabitation status, and health status.

Results

Individual-level analysis of daily social media usage showed that the increase in communication app usage from prelockdown to lockdown period was significantly smaller in the clinical anxiety group than that in the nonclinical anxiety group (F1,72=3.84, P=.05). The machine learning model achieved a mean accuracy of 62.30% (SD 16%) and area under the receiver operating curve 0.70 (SD 0.19) in 10-fold cross-validation in identifying the clinical anxiety group.

Conclusions

Patients who reported severe anxiety symptoms were less active in communication apps after the mandated lockdown and more engaged in social networking apps in the overall period, which suggested that there was a different pattern of digital social behavior for adapting to the crisis. Predictive modeling using digital biomarkers—passive-sensing of shifts in category-based social media app usage during the lockdown—can identify individuals at risk for psychiatric sequelae.
Effectiveness of Contact Tracing on Viral Disease Mitigation and Suppression: An Evidence-Based Review (Preprint)
Authors: Craig Kelly Jean , Rizvi Rubina , Willis Van C , Kassler William J , Jackson Gretchen Purcell
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

Contact tracing in association with quarantine and isolation is an important public health tool to control outbreaks of infectious diseases. This strategy has been widely implemented in the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The effectiveness of this non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) is largely dependent on social interactions within the population and its combination with other interventions. Given the high transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2, small serial intervals, and asymptomatic transmission patterns, the effectiveness of contact tracing for this novel agent is largely unknown.

OBJECTIVE

To identify and synthesize evidence regarding the effectiveness of contact tracing on infectious viral disease outcomes based on prior scientific literature.

METHODS

An evidence-based review was conducted to identify studies from MEDLINE (including pre-print medRxiv server content) related to the effectiveness of contact tracing in viral outbreaks. The search dates were from database inception to July 24, 2020. Outcomes of interest were measures of incidence, transmission, hospitalization, and mortality.

RESULTS

Out of 159 unique records retrieved, 45 records were reviewed at the full-text level, with 24 meeting all inclusion criteria. Included studies utilized mathematical modeling (n=14), observational (n=8), and systematic review (n=2) approaches. Only two studies considered digital contact tracing. Contact tracing was mostly evaluated in combination with other NPIs and/or pharmaceutical interventions (PIs). While some degree of effectiveness in decreasing viral disease incidence, transmission, and resulting hospitalizations and mortality was observed, these results were highly dependent on epidemic severity (R0 value), number of contacts traced (including pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic cases), timeliness, duration, and compliance with combination interventions such as isolation, quarantine, and treatment. Contact tracing effectiveness was particularly limited by logistical challenges associated with increased outbreak size and speed of spread.

CONCLUSIONS

Timely deployment of contact tracing strategically layered with other NPIs could be an effective public health tool for mitigating and suppressing infectious outbreaks by decreasing viral disease incidence, transmission, and resulting hospitalizations and mortality.
Patient attitudes toward telemental health care: A survey of psychiatric outpatients 10 months into the COVID-19 pandemic (Preprint)
Authors: Jain Ankit , Prettyman Rebecca Kate , Mihailovic Marko , Martinovich Zoran , Rado Jeffrey
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

Beginning in March 2020, state-of-emergency policy changes at the state and federal level greatly expanded accessibility to telehealth, allowing patients to receive ongoing care while limiting in-person interactions to mitigate transmission of COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to broadly understand patients’ satisfaction with and attitudes towards receiving telemental health care 10 months into the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS

A questionnaire was designed and administered to elicit comprehensive feedback about telehealth care, and to gauge participants’ desire to use it in the future. Survey questions were rated on 5-point Likert scale. Participants were asked about their desire to continue telemental health care post-pandemic.

RESULTS

Most of the 602 participants reported favorable experiences with telemental health care. 505 (84.4%) were satisfied or extremely satisfied, and 527 (88.6%) rated the use of telehealth extremely easy or easy, 531(89.1 %) rated overall comfort with telehealth as very comfortable or comfortable. A majority felt at ease using a private 491(82.5%) and quiet space 509(86.0%) to communicate using telehealth. Perceived benefits of telemental health care were varied and included improved ability to manage work and family obligations. Quality of care was comparable to in-person visits. A majority 523(86.88%) of participants would like to have telemental health offered as an option in the future, even after the pandemic resolves.

CONCLUSIONS

Nearly a year into the COVID-19 pandemic, patients rated telemental health care highly across measures of satisfaction, comfort, ease of use, and quality of care. Participants reported tangible benefits of telemental health care such as time and money savings, and also intangible benefits, like increased flexibility and decreased stress. Participants expressed their desire that telemental health care be a readily available option in the post-pandemic future. Maintaining accessibility to telehealth care for psychiatric patients in the future should be a priority.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04693052; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04693052
Crisis, capital y comunicación en el 'estallido social' chileno (2019)
Authors: Valdebenito Allendes Jorge
Published: July 2021

El ‘estallido social’ ocurrido en Chile durante el año 2019, ha suscitado una serie de interrogantes respecto a sus fuentes, manifestaciones y perspectivas de reestabilización. Este estudio presenta un examen crítico sobre la representación realizada por medios de comunicación de masas durante el transcurso de la rebelión. Concretamente, se atienden sus principales hitos y controversias.La ejecución del análisis involucra una comparación entre las coberturas periodísticas realizadas por cadenas de televisión abierta, con aquellas publicadas en periódicos con líneas editoriales politizadas. Los resultados indican que sus diferenciaciones se encuentran principalmente en las distinciones normativas subyacentes a la identificación del origen del estallido, caracterización de su propagación y proyección de alternativas de reestructuración. Tal normatividad se expresa en relativos énfasis y cegueras con que se presentan los hechos en sus tribunas. Y específicamente, en el caso de la televisión abierta chilena, se constatan adherencias manifiestas entre sus valoraciones y aquellas presentes en periódicos afines a la centro-derecha nacional. Desde ahí se discute sobre la caída en los indicadores de confianza en la televisión chilena, destacando la necesidad de democratizar sus perspectivas desde el pluralismo informativo
¿Estamos valorizando correctamente los recursos naturales? El caso del cobre chileno en perspectiva histórica (1800 – 2021).
Authors: Ducoing Cristián
Published: July 2021

Durante el año 2021 se ha producido un aumento significativo del precio del cobre en los mercados internacionales. Este fenómeno genera una serie de preguntas, como si este valor será sostenido en el tiempo y cómo se compara el precio actual con los valores históricos. En la presenta nota de investigación, se pone en duda la relevancia del precio actual como una excepcionalidad y se proponen varias líneas de investigación en las cuales la historia económica podría aportar para el debate de los precios y valorización de los recursos naturales más allá de un simple precio detransacción..
ROLE OF DIGITAL FINANCIAL SERVICES AND TECHNOLOGIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN ECONOMIC ARCHITECTURE
Authors:   South-Western state University, Kolmykova  T.S. , Klykova  S. V. ,   South-Western state University
Published: July 2021

Subject. Organizational and economic relations arising in the process of digital transformation of the national financial system. Topic. Research of digital services and technologies in the development of the modern financial environment. Purpose. The purpose of the work is to identify trends in the development of the modern financial environment associated with the spread of digital services and technologies. Methodology. The study was carried out using dialectical, abstract-logical, comparative, economic and statistical approaches, graphical techniques for visualizing statistical and calculated data. Results. Active digitalization processes are changing the architecture of the entire economic space. New business models are spreading, mainly focused on the use of digital services and technologies in working with clients, as well as in ensuring operational processes. The financial environment in general and the banking industry in particular demonstrates a high susceptibility to the introduction of digital products and technologies. The development of information and telecommunication systems and their implementation in the activities of commercial banks leads to the active development of the practice of cashless payments, the proliferation of digital channels for personal finance management, the expansion of the range of digital products and services (contactless payments, digital cards, artificial intelligence, machine learning, biometric identification). Application area. The research results can be used in the development and implementation of sectoral and regional strategies for the digitalization of the economic space. Conclusions. The study shows that the activities of the largest domestic and foreign agents of the financial market are aimed at actively mastering the possibilities of digital technologies and their adaptation to the conditions of financial business. Digital transformations are catalysts for a new development trajectory not only for the banking business, but also for the economy as a whole. Keywords: innovation management, digitalization, digital services and technologies, digital banking.
MAIN DIRECTIONS OF INCREASING EFFICIENCY OF UTILIZATION OF PERSONNEL POTENTIAL OF HEALTH INSTITUTIONS OF THE REGION
Authors:   Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko, Dmitrenko  L. B. , Borisov  V. A. ,   Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko
Published: July 2021

Subject. Staff capacity of healthcare institutions of the region. Topic. More efficient use of staff capacity of healthcare institutions of the region. Purpose. Delineate the main trends in the formation of staff capacity of the industry and determine the degree of its influence on the efficiency of the system itself as a whole. Methodology. Methods of logical and comparative analysis of intergovernmental regulation practices in the format of interaction «department - healthcare institutions». Results. After analyzing the staffing policy of the Voronezh Region Health Department and the mortality rate in the region for 2020, we identified an inadequate staffing of health care institutions, which affects the improvement in the quality of medical services and the mortality rate. Application area. Sphere of staffing of the Voronezh Region. Conclusions. In 2020, healthcare institutions of the Russian Federation faced a serious threat to public health, namely the COVID-19 pandemic, which in turn determined the parameters of the roadmap for the development of the industry for the coming years and identified the main problem areas. There is traced the dependence of the decrease in the staffing level, depending on the distance of the MO from the regional center. The number of certified specialists, both doctors and paramedics, is at an insufficiently high level, which ultimately affects the quality of medical care and the mortality rate in the Voronezh region. Key words: Health care, human resources, availability of medical personnel, epidemic.
INTERREGIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE STATE AND DYNAMICS OF MORTGAGE LENDING
Authors:   South-Western State University, Sitnikova  E. V. , Maksakov  D. E. ,   South-Western state University
Published: July 2021

Subject. Organizational and economic relations developing during the functioning of the housing market and mortgage lending. Topic. Interregional analysis of the state and dynamics of mortgage lending. Purpose. The purpose of the work is to develop directions for increasing the efficiency of mortgage lending as the most important tool for the development of the housing market. Methodology. The study was carried out using abstract-logical, comparative, economic and statistical approaches, a graphical technique for visualizing statistical and calculated data. Results. To analyze the state of mortgage lending at the regional level, the volume of issued mortgage loans in a territorial context was considered, the structure and dynamics of issued mortgage loans for individuals was studied, the debt on mortgage loans was revealed, the dynamics of the weighted average interest rate in each federal district was analyzed. The analytical review carried out in the study made it possible to draw conclusions about the state of development of mortgage lending in the regions, as well as to offer recommendations for its improvement. Application area. The results of the study, the main provisions, conclusions, recommendations are focused on widespread use by business entities in the process of assessing and analyzing their mortgage lending. Conclusions. The significance of this study is due to the need to identify the degree of development of mortgage lending, which is especially important at the regional level. The purchase of own housing, which will be available not only for certain categories of citizens, but also for the majority of the population of the Russian Federation, is ensured through the development of the mortgage lending market. This form of lending contributes to the satisfaction of not only the interests of the bank and citizens, but also allows to ensure financial flows to the development of the real sector of the economy. Keywords: mortgage, mortgage lending, credit organizations, banking sector, housing construction, debt, regional banking system.
MORTGAGE LENDING MARKET IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
Authors:   South-Western State University, Starykh  S.A. , Lavoshnikova  S.A. ,   South-Western state University, Chesnokova  A.D.
Published: July 2021

Subject. The market of mortgage housing lending in the Russian Federation. Topic. The impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the mortgage lending market. Purpose. Analyze the housing mortgage lending market in the Russian Federation and identify the reasons for its explosive growth in the 3rd and 4th quarters of 2020. Methodology. Methods of comparative analysis of the housing mortgage lending market in the Russian Federation. Results. The possibility of the formation of a financial bubble in the real estate market in Russia is studied, and the probable prospects for the development of the mortgage market are evaluated Application area. The mortgage lending market, including the behavior of borrowers (buyers in the housing market) and the activities of credit institutions. Conclusions. The article analyzes the housing mortgage lending market in the Russian Federation and identifies the reasons for its explosive growth in the 3rd and 4th quarters of 2020. The article examines the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the mortgage lending market, including the behavior of borrowers (buyers in the housing market) and the activities of credit institutions. The possibility of the formation of a financial bubble in the real estate market in Russia is studied, and the probable prospects for the development of the mortgage market are evaluated. Keywords: mortgage lending, deferred demand, financial bubble, coronavirus pandemic, mortgage lending rate, key rate, average credit rating of the borrower, overdue debt, bankruptcy, reserves for possible losses.
Pengenalan Wajah Manusia Dengan Variasi Pencahayaan Menggunakan Metode Local Binary Pattern (LBP)
Authors: Huda Mochamad Miftakhul , Lionnie Regina , Kadarina Trie Maya
Published: July 2021

Sistem pengenalan wajah adalah teknik biometrik yang memungkinkan komputer atau mesin untuk mengenal wajah manusia melalui sebuah gambar digital dengan cara mencocokan pola wajah dengan basis data yang tersimpan. Sistem pengenalan wajah variasi pencahayaan mempunyai kendala pada performa sistem pengenalan wajah, terutama pada pencahayaan. Contoh kasus nya ada pada sebuah smartphone yang mempunyai masalah pada sistem pengenalan wajah pada kondisi ruangan yang gelap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem pengenalan wajah dalam permasalahan variasi pencahayaan agar dapat meningkatkan performa keakuratan sistem pengenalan wajah dalam mengenal wajah pengguna smartphone. Sistem ini akan menggunakan metode Local Binary Pattern (LBP), dan akan di kombinasikan dengan beberapa Pra Proses, yaitu Ekualisasi Histogram, Sharpening, Gaussian Filter, dan Median Filter yang berfungsi sebagai ekstrasi fitur dalam pengenalan wajah manusia dengan variasi pencahayaan. Kemudian sistem ini menambahkan fitur klasifikasi menggunakan metode Nearest Neightbor yang berfungsi untuk pengklasifikasian wajah manusia ke dalam class class yang sudah ditentukan.