bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La sidérurgie belgo-luxembourgeoise en 1933
Authors: Wibail Amé
Published: June 2021

Avant de passer en revue la situation de l’industrie sidérurgique belge au cours de l’année 1933, il nous paraît intéressant de revoir certains aspects de son évolution générale depuis la guerre et de rattacher en même temps cette période aux quelque dix années qui l’ont précédée. Un graphique qui résume cette évolution servira de base à notre aperçu; il est divisé en quatre parties, l’une relative à la production, l’autre à la consommation de matières premières et enfin, les deux dernières, à la productivité. Dans la première partie les productions belge et luxembourgeoise de fonte et d’acier sont comparées à la production mondiale; les lignes de pourcentage sont dessinées en dessous.

Au point de vue du mouvement général de la production, nous remarquons qu’il a fallu attendre les années 1923–1924 avant d’atteindre les niveaux d’avant-guerre. Il y a eu, immédiatement après la guerre, une période de reconstitution, ce qui fait que si l’on envisage la période 1920–1933 seule, le rythme de l’évolution semble avoir été rapide et même exagéré; mais comparée à celle d’avant-guerre et compte tenu des années de réorganisation, l’évolution est au contraire relativement lente. On se rappellera en effet que depuis 1886–1890, le rythme général moyen de la production de fonte est passé pour la Belgique de 2,10 % à 4,60 % par an après 1905, et pour le monde de 3,5 % à 6 % vers 1900, pour redescendre à 3,7 % avant la guerre; pendant la période de dépression de longue durée qui précédait, il s’était maintenu d’une part à environ 2,10 %, d’autre part vers 3,75 %. De 1923 à 1928 le rythme réel d’accroissement de la production mondiale de fonte a été de 5 % par an; or ce sont précisément des années d’essor cyclique, la progression moyenne est donc certainement beaucoup plus faible, mais il n’est pas possible de l’apprécier exactement, la période envisagée étant trop courte pour calculer une ligne de tendance ou une ligne de vitesse moyenne. Il en résulterait cependant que nous sommes actuellement en période de « stagnation » ou de dépression de longue durée. Si on considère d’autre part la production d’acier brut, l’évolution semble plus rapide : la production de 1928 représente 186,6 % de celle de 1911 tandis que 1932 nous ramène au niveau de 1906; pour la fonte 1928 est égal à 141,5 % de 1911 et 1932 à 1901, mais cela s’explique. Un calcul analogue à celui fait ci-dessus nous indique que pendant les cinq années d’essor 1923–1928, le progrès moyen réel fut de 7,2 %; mais pendant l’essor de 1909 à 1913 il avait été de 9 %. D’autre part il faut aussi tenir compte du fait que l’acier continue à se substituer de plus en plus au fer dans ses diverses applications; sa production doit donc se développer plus rapidement que celle de la fonte.
Les finances privées en Belgique durant l’année 1933
Authors: Bonvoisin Pierre
Published: June 2021

Le marché des valeurs semble s’être installé dans la dépression. L’adaptation ne s’est pas réalisée sans la fermeture de plus d’un bureau de change, sans le licenciement de maint comptable ou délégué qui est venu grossir le nombre des employés chômeurs. Mais dans l’ensemble l’élimination s’est faite d’elle-même sans provoquer l’effondrement d’aucune maison importante. Les affaires se sont contractées, les vides sont devenus plus nombreux parmi les agents qui fréquentent la Bourse, mais sans bruit.

Point n’a été besoin cette année, même au plus fort des difficultés américaines et quand le dollar a commencé à fléchir, de recourir à un syndicat de soutien comme lors de la chute de la livre sterling. Les ventes forcées dont la pression déprimait tant le marché au début de la crise, se sont raréfiées.
Le commerce extérieur de la Belgique en 1933
Authors: d’Oppuers le Baron Snoy
Published: June 2021

En terminant notre chronique de l’an dernier, nous croyions pouvoir envisager l’avenir avec confiance; nous estimons aujourd’hui que malgré les déceptions très réelles que 1933 a apportées surtout dans le domaine de la coordination et de l’harmonie de la vie économique internationale, cette année a justifié la confiance que nous lui faisions. Si son histoire graphique ne présente aucune courbe délibérément ascendante, elle témoigne du moins d’une consolidation de notre résistance aux courants anarchiques de l’activité économique mondiale et d’un raffermissement des positions nouvelles dont nos exportateurs ont pu s’emparer.

La tendance générale à l’autarchie, c’est-à-dire à la diversification des activités économiques de chaque pays de manière à y produire le plus grand nombre possible des marchandises dont il a besoin, a eu pour résultat de renforcer dans les échanges internationaux l’importance relative des produits nécessaires à l’industrie (biens de production) au détriment des produits alimentaires et des objets fabriqués (biens de consommation). Cette tendance oblige la Belgique à donner une place plus importante aux matières brutes dans ses exportations et à renoncer à les transformer elle-même en produits finis dans la même mesure qu’antérieurement. Le tableau suivant permet d’en juger :
Les Transports en 1933
Authors: Jussiant J.
Published: June 2021

L’année 1932 avait été désastreuse pour la Société Nationale des Chemins de fer belges. Le déficit d’exploitation s’était élevé à 168,5 millions. Il avait été couvert, ainsi que la perte provenant des charges financières, par un prélèvement de 287 millions sur le fonds de réserve, ce qui avait réduit celui-ci de 428,5 millions à 141,5 millions. Une telle situation ne pouvait manifestement se prolonger sans plonger la Société dans les plus graves difficultés; son fonds de réserve ne pourrait suffire à combler une deuxième fois la charge d’une perte de cette importance. En outre les travaux de premier établissement, d’entretien ou de renouvellement avaient été fort ralentis, alors que la concurrence des transports routiers, qui s’avère de plus en plus vive, rend de plus en plus nécessaire des améliorations importantes de nos services ferroviaires.
La conjoncture économique de la Belgique et du Luxembourg
Authors: Dupriez Léon-H.
Published: June 2021

Les derniers mois n’ont encore apporté aucun élément de redressement dans le déséquilibre monétaire international et n’ont vu aucune atténuation dans le choc des politiques commerciales à base mercantiliste et autarchique qui s’affrontent. La confusion continue à régner sur toutes les tentatives locales de reprise qui parviennent à se dessiner en Europe.

Le domaine des prix est, sans nul doute, celui où les politiques divergentes maintiennent le plus directement et le plus efficacement un déséquilibre grave. Nous ne soutiendrons point qu’avant 1931 le rapport des prix entre les divers pays européens et les États-Unis était normal; la différence de niveau des stabilisations monétaires, par rapport au degré d’inflation existant au lendemain de la guerre, avait laissé des empreintes profondes et établi des écarts artificiels entre les rémunérations et les prix intérieurs des divers pays. Ces divergences existaient surtout entre les éléments les plus doués d’inertie; aussi n’y avait-il que des adaptations fort lentes et imparfaites.
The Role of Politics in the Historical Transport Networks of the Iberian Peninsula and the Pyrenees from Roman Times to the Nineteenth Century
Authors: de Soto Pau , Carreras Cèsar
Published: June 2021

Transport routes are basic elements that are inextricably linked to diverse political, economic, and social factors. Transport networks may be the cause or result of complex historical conjunctions that reflect to some extent a structural conception of the political systems that govern each territory. It is for this reason that analyzing the evolution of the transport routes layout in a wide territory allows us to recognize the role of the political organization and its economic influence in territorial design. In this article, the evolution of the transport network in the Iberian Peninsula has been studied in a broad chronological framework to observe how the different political systems of each period understood and modified the transport systems. Subsequently, a second analysis of the evolution of transport networks in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula is included in this article. This more detailed and geographically restricted study allows us to visualize in a different way the evolution and impact of changes in transport networks. This article focuses on the calculation of the connectivity to analyze the intermodal transport systems. The use of network science analyses to study historical roads has resulted in a great tool to visualize and understand the connectivity of the territories of each studied period and compare the evolution, changes, and continuities of the transport network.
Kognitiv-aktivierender Unterricht
Authors: Schäfer Miriam , Wesselborg Bärbel
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung. Aufgaben konkretisieren die zentralen Lerninhalte und zu erreichenden Kompetenzen im pflegeberuflichen Unterricht. Während Übungsaufgaben das Wissen von Lernenden festigen, fördern komplexe Aufgaben die Entwicklung beruflich relevanter Erkenntnisse und Problemlösestrategien. Für einen qualitativ hochwertigen und lernwirksamen Unterricht sind problemorientierte Aufgaben, die ein hohe kognitive Aktivierung bei den Lernenden auslösen, besonders wichtig. Dabei sind fallorientierte Aufgaben im pflegeberuflichen Unterricht von besonderem Interesse.
Nonverbale Kommunikation im Unterricht
Authors: Westhof Sadija
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung. Die Vermittlung von Lerninhalten ist vordergründig der wichtigste Aspekt im Unterricht. In der Praxis wird jedoch rasch deutlich, dass zielführendes Agieren vor und mit den Lernenden maßgeblich von bewusstem Umgang mit nonverbaler Kommunikation abhängt. Erst die so erreichte Akzeptanz macht erfolgreichen Unterricht möglich.
Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung – eine qualitative Erhebung
Authors: Lang Katharina , Hay Emily , Oehmen Ulrike
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung. Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung (BNE) wird als ein wichtiger Faktor bei der Umsetzung – der von den Vereinigten Nationen beschlossenen – Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) gesehen und soll bis zum Jahr 2030 sichergestellt sein. Der bundeseinheitliche Rahmenlehrplan der generalistischen Pflegeausbildung bietet dabei neuen Lerninhalten Platz für die Implementierung nachhaltiger Themen. Das induktive Vorgehen der Studie gibt allerdings keinen flächendeckenden, repräsentativen Überblick.
Does Electronic Monitoring Pay Off?
Authors: Siegel Rudolf , König Cornelius J. , Porsch Leon
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Applicants often take great care in deciding where to apply and may refrain from applying or accepting a job offer if they hear about privacy-invading practices at a future workplace. Based on communication privacy management theory, the present work examines how applicants react to different purposes of electronic monitoring. In a scenario study, we found higher privacy concerns and lower organizational attractiveness in a situation with controlling monitoring procedures as compared to supportive monitoring procedures. Furthermore, competitive participants evaluated only noncontrolling monitoring procedures more positively. This demonstrates that organizational attractiveness is harmed by controlling monitoring procedures, and decision makers should keep in mind how electronic monitoring is implemented, used, and may be perceived within and outside the organization.
Molecular basis of heterosis and related breeding strategies reveal its importance in vegetable breeding
Authors: Yu Daoliang , Gu Xingfang , Zhang Shengping , Dong Shaoyun , Miao Han , Gebretsadik Kiros , Bo Kailiang
Published: June 2021

Heterosis has historically been exploited in plants; however, its underlying genetic mechanisms and molecular basis remain elusive. In recent years, due to advances in molecular biotechnology at the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and epigenome levels, the study of heterosis in vegetables has made significant progress. Here, we present an extensive literature review on the genetic and epigenetic regulation of heterosis in vegetables. We summarize six hypotheses to explain the mechanism by which genes regulate heterosis, improve upon a possible model of heterosis that is triggered by epigenetics, and analyze previous studies on quantitative trait locus effects and gene actions related to heterosis based on analyses of differential gene expression in vegetables. We also discuss the contributions of yield-related traits, including flower, fruit, and plant architecture traits, during heterosis development in vegetables (e.g., cabbage, cucumber, and tomato). More importantly, we propose a comprehensive breeding strategy based on heterosis studies in vegetables and crop plants. The description of the strategy details how to obtain F1hybrids that exhibit heterosis based on heterosis prediction, how to obtain elite lines based on molecular biotechnology, and how to maintain heterosis by diploid seed breeding and the selection of hybrid simulation lines that are suitable for heterosis research and utilization in vegetables. Finally, we briefly provide suggestions and perspectives on the role of heterosis in the future of vegetable breeding.
The SOC1-like gene BoMADS50 is associated with the flowering of Bambusa oldhamii
Authors: Hou Dan , Li Ling , Ma Tengfei , Pei Jialong , Zhao Zhongyu , Lu Mengzhu , Wu Aimin , Lin Xinchun
Published: June 2021

Bamboo is known for its edible shoots and beautiful texture and has considerable economic and ornamental value. Unique among traditional flowering plants, many bamboo plants undergo extensive synchronized flowering followed by large-scale death, seriously affecting the productivity and application of bamboo forests. To date, the molecular mechanism of bamboo flowering characteristics has remained unknown. In this study, a SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1)-like gene, BoMADS50, was identified from Bambusa oldhamii. BoMADS50 was highly expressed in mature leaves and the floral primordium formation period during B. oldhamii flowering and overexpression of BoMADS50 caused early flowering in transgenic rice. Moreover, BoMADS50 could interact with APETALA1/FRUITFULL (AP1/FUL)-like proteins (BoMADS14-1/2, BoMADS15-1/2) in vivo, and the expression of BoMADS50 was significantly promoted by BoMADS14-1, further indicating a synergistic effect between BoMADS50 and BoAP1/FUL-like proteins in regulating B. oldhamii flowering. We also identified four additional transcripts of BoMADS50 (BoMADS50-1/2/3/4) with different nucleotide variations. Although the protein-CDS were polymorphic, they had flowering activation functions similar to those of BoMADS50. Yeast one-hybrid and transient expression assays subsequently showed that both BoMADS50 and BoMADS50-1 bind to the promoter fragment of itself and the SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP)-like gene BoSVP, but only BoMADS50-1 can positively induce their transcription. Therefore, nucleotide variations likely endow BoMADS50-1 with strong regulatory activity. Thus, BoMADS50 and BoMADS50-1/2/3/4 are probably important positive flowering regulators in B. oldhamii. Moreover, the functional conservatism and specificity of BoMADS50 and BoMADS50-1 might be related to the synchronized and sporadic flowering characteristics of B. oldhamii.
Applications of deep-learning approaches in horticultural research: a review
Authors: Yang Biyun , Xu Yong
Published: June 2021

Deep learning is known as a promising multifunctional tool for processing images and other big data. By assimilating large amounts of heterogeneous data, deep-learning technology provides reliable prediction results for complex and uncertain phenomena. Recently, it has been increasingly used by horticultural researchers to make sense of the large datasets produced during planting and postharvest processes. In this paper, we provided a brief introduction to deep-learning approaches and reviewed 71 recent research works in which deep-learning technologies were applied in the horticultural domain for variety recognition, yield estimation, quality detection, stress phenotyping detection, growth monitoring, and other tasks. We described in detail the application scenarios reported in the relevant literature, along with the applied models and frameworks, the used data, and the overall performance results. Finally, we discussed the current challenges and future trends of deep learning in horticultural research. The aim of this review is to assist researchers and provide guidance for them to fully understand the strengths and possible weaknesses when applying deep learning in horticultural sectors. We also hope that this review will encourage researchers to explore some significant examples of deep learning in horticultural science and will promote the advancement of intelligent horticulture.
The practical utility of genetic screening in school settings
Authors: Shero J. , van Dijk W. , Edwards A. , Schatschneider C. , Solari E. J. , Hart S. A.
Published: June 2021

Can genetic screening be used to personalize education for students? Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) screen an individual’s DNA for specific variations in their genome, and how said variations relate to specific traits. The variations can then be assigned a corresponding weight and summed to produce polygenic scores (PGS) for given traits. Though first developed for disease risk, PGS is now used to predict educational achievement. Using a novel simulation method, this paper examines if PGS could advance screening in schools, a goal of personalized education. Results show limited potential benefits for using PGS to personalize education for individual students. However, further analysis shows PGS can be effectively used alongside progress monitoring measures to screen for learning disability risk. Altogether, PGS is not useful in personalizing education for every child but has potential utility when used simultaneously with additional screening tools to help determine which children may struggle academically.
An infrared energy harvester based on radar cross-section reduction of chiral metasurfaces through phase cancellation approach
Authors: Amin Muhammad , Siddiqui Omar , Almoneef Thamer S.
Published: June 2021

Conventional metasurface absorbers rely on high dissipation losses by incorporating lossy materials. In this paper, we propose a novel mechanism of absorption based on phase cancellation of polarization states of scattered fields emerging from adjacent L-shaped chiral meta-atoms (unit cells). A linearly polarized wave forms helicoidal currents in each meta-atom leading to diagonally polarized radiated waves. When phase cancellation is employed by reorienting four such meta-atoms in a supercell configuration, contra-directed chiral currents flow in adjacent cells to cancel all the radiated fields in far-field region leading to a minimal broadside radar cross-section. From the reciprocity, the currents that are induced in the meta-atoms produce a null towards the incident direction which can be utilized for infrared energy harvesting. Full wave electromagnetic simulation indicates near perfect resonant absorption around 52.2 THz frequency. Enhanced bandwidth is shown by adding smaller resonators inside the supercell in nested form leading to dual band absorption at 45.2 THz and 53.15 THz.
3-Dimensional ventricular electrical activation pattern assessed from a novel high-frequency electrocardiographic imaging technique: principles and clinical importance
Authors: Jurak Pavel , Bear Laura R. , Nguyên Uyên Châu , Viscor Ivo , Andrla Petr , Plesinger Filip , Halamek Josef , Vondra Vlastimil , Abell Emma , Cluitmans Matthijs J. M. , Dubois Rémi , Curila Karol , Leinveber Pavel , Prinzen Frits W.
Published: June 2021

The study introduces and validates a novel high-frequency (100–400 Hz bandwidth, 2 kHz sampling frequency) electrocardiographic imaging (HFECGI) technique that measures intramural ventricular electrical activation. Ex-vivo experiments and clinical measurements were employed. Ex-vivo, two pig hearts were suspended in a human-torso shaped tank using surface tank electrodes, epicardial electrode sock, and plunge electrodes. We compared conventional epicardial electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) with intramural activation by HFECGI and verified with sock and plunge electrodes. Clinical importance of HFECGI measurements was performed on 14 patients with variable conduction abnormalities. From 3 × 4 needle and 108 sock electrodes, 256 torso or 184 body surface electrodes records, transmural activation times, sock epicardial activation times, ECGI-derived activation times, and high-frequency activation times were computed. The ex-vivo transmural measurements showed that HFECGI measures intramural electrical activation, and ECGI-HFECGI activation times differences indicate endo-to-epi or epi-to-endo conduction direction. HFECGI-derived volumetric dyssynchrony was significantly lower than epicardial ECGI dyssynchrony. HFECGI dyssynchrony was able to distinguish between intraventricular conduction disturbance and bundle branch block patients.
Influence of elemental sulfur on cadmium bioavailability, microbial community in paddy soil and Cd accumulation in rice plants
Authors: Sun Lijuan , Song Ke , Shi Lizheng , Duan Dechao , Zhang Hong , Sun Yafei , Qin Qin , Xue Yong
Published: June 2021

Cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic to living organisms and the contamination of Cd in paddy soil in China has received much attention. In the present study, by conducting pot experiment, the influence of S fertilizer (S0) on rice growth, iron plaque formation, Cd accumulation in rice plants and bacterial community in rice rhizosphere soil was investigated. The biomass of rice plants was significantly increased by S0 addition (19.5–73.6%). The addition of S0 increased the formation of iron plaque by 24.3–45.8%, meanwhile the amount of Cd sequestered on iron plaque increased. In soil treated with 5 mg/kg Cd, addition of 0.2 g/kg S0 decreased the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) extractable Cd by 60.0%. The application of S0 significantly decreased the concentration of Cd in rice grain by 12.1% (0.1 g/kg) and 36.6% (0.2 g/kg) respectively. The addition of S0 significantly increased the ratio of Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes in rice rhizosphere soil. Meanwhile, the ratio of Planctomycetes and Chloroflexi decreased. The results indicated that promoting Fe- and S-reducing and residue decomposition bacterial in the rhizosphere by S0 may be one biological reason for reducing Cd risk in the soil-rice system.
Variability of the response of human vaginal Lactobacillus crispatus to 17β-estradiol
Authors: Clabaut Maximilien , Boukerb Amine M. , Mlouka Amine Ben , Suet Amandine , Tahrioui Ali , Verdon Julien , Barreau Magalie , Maillot Olivier , Le Tirant Agathe , Karsybayeva Madina , Kremser Coralie , Redziniak Gérard , Duclairoir-Poc Cécile , Pichon Chantal , Hardouin Julie , Cosette Pascal , Chevalier Sylvie , Feuilloley Marc G. J.
Published: June 2021

We previously showed that the physiological concentration of 17β-estradiol in the vaginal environment is sufficient to affect the membrane dynamics and adhesion phenotype of the Lactobacillus crispatus strain CIP104459. However, L. crispatus is a heterogeneous species. Here, we investigated the effect of 17β-estradiol on the recently isolated L. crispatus vaginal strain V4, related to a cluster distant from CIP104459 and at the limit of being a different subspecies. Grown in the same medium, the two strains expressed a highly similar pool of proteins. However, in contrast to CIP104459, L. crispatus V4 showed high aggregation potential and 17β-estradiol promoted this phenotype. This effect was associated with large changes in cell-surface polarity and Lewis acid/base properties. In addition, we observed no effect on the membrane dynamics, contrary to CIP104459. These results can be explained by differences in the properties and organization of the S layer between the two strains. However, as for CIP104459, 17β-estradiol increased biosurfactant production of L. crispatus V4 and their adhesion to vaginal cells. This suggests that 17β-estradiol agonists would be valuable tools to favor a stable re-implantation of L. crispatus in the vaginal mucosa.
Predictive value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and red cell distribution width on death for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Lin Guoli , Dai Caizhi , Xu Kaizu , Wu Meifang
Published: June 2021

There are many clinical scoring criteria for predicting the risk of death in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), but most of the indicators are complex to calculate and are not suitable for use in primary hospitals. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and red cell distribution width (RDW) are blood routine indicators that are easy to obtain and may help primary hospitals to evaluate the risk of death in patients with STEMI. Our aim was to explore the predictive value of NLR combined with RDW in the long-term prognosis of patients with STEMI after emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A total of 181 patients with STEMI who underwent emergency PCI in the Affiliated Hospital of Pu-tian University from January 2017 to August 2018 were selected. Clinical profile, prognosis of all patients were collected. P value < 0.05 was considered significant. In all patients, cardiovascular death during the follow-up period was defined as cardiovascular death group, and surviving during the follow-up period was defined as survival group. There were no significant differences in demography and comorbidities between the two groups. The differences between the two groups in NLR, RDW, C-reactive protein, N-terminal-pro B type natriuretic peptide were statistically significant (P < 0.01). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that NLR (OR = 1.122, 95% CI 1.041 ~ 1.210, P = 0.003) and RDW (OR = 1.288, 95% CI 1.126 ~ 1.472, P = 0.0005) were important predictors of mortality in patients with STEMI (P < 0.05). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that as the NLR increased, the risk of death increased (P < 0.001). In conclusion, NLR and RDW are independent predictors of cardiovascular death in patients with STEMI, and they have a certain predictive value.
Multi-annual prediction of drought and heat stress to support decision making in the wheat sector
Authors: Solaraju-Murali Balakrishnan , Gonzalez-Reviriego Nube , Caron Louis-Philippe , Ceglar Andrej , Toreti Andrea , Zampieri Matteo , Bretonnière Pierre-Antoine , Samsó Cabré Margarita , Doblas-Reyes Francisco J.
Published: June 2021

Drought and heat stress affect global wheat production and food security. Since these climate hazards are expected to increase in frequency and intensity due to anthropogenic climate change, there is a growing need for effective planning and adaptive actions at all timescales relevant to the stakeholders and users in this sector. This work aims at assessing the forecast quality in predicting the evolution of drought and heat stress by using user-relevant agro-climatic indices such as Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and Heat Magnitude Day Index (HMDI) on a multi-annual timescale, as this time horizon coincides with the long-term strategic planning of stakeholders in the wheat sector. We present the probabilistic skill and reliability of initialized decadal forecast to predict these indices for the months preceding the wheat harvest on a global spatial scale. The results reveal the usefulness of the study in a climate services context while showing that decadal climate forecasts are skillful and reliable over several wheat harvesting regions.
Turn-folding in fluorescent anthracene-substituted cyclopenta[d]isoxazoline short peptides
Authors: Leusciatti Marco , Mannucci Barbara , Recca Teresa , Quadrelli Paolo
Published: June 2021

Cyclopenta[d]isoxazoline aminols were used for the synthesis of β-turn mimics.
Undergraduate Student Success Initiatives in Communication Sciences and Disorders
Authors: Matthews Jairus-Joaquin , Perryman Twyla , Kneiss Dena
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Undergraduate students are faced with an extremely competitive application process when applying for graduate studies in communication sciences and disorders (CSD). This clinical focus article describes initiatives created by faculty within a CSD program at a medium-sized public university, with the goals of helping undergraduate students engage in high-impact practices and increase their competitiveness when applying for graduate school.

Conclusions

This clinical focus article describes a framework for four initiatives geared toward undergraduate student success in CSD, as follows: (a) self-actualization, (b) leadership development, (c) increased student–faculty interaction, and (d) collaboration. To achieve the goals of these initiatives, an undergraduate orientation, a peer-mentoring program, faculty-led research opportunities, and leadership development were implemented. After the implementation of the framework, we observed that the number of students entering the graduate program at the University of West Georgia and in other institutions increased over the past 3 years.
Flow‐based intrusion detection algorithm for supervisory control and data acquisition systems: A real‐time approach
Authors: Teixeira Marcio Andrey , Zolanvari Maede , Khan Khaled M. , Jain Raj , Meskin Nader
Published: June 2021

Intrusion detection in supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems is integral because of the critical roles of these systems in industries. However, available approaches in the literature lack representative flow‐based datasets and reliable real‐time adaption and evaluation. A publicly available labelled dataset to support flow‐based intrusion detection research specific to SCADA systems is presented. Cyberattacks were carried out against our SCADA system test bed to generate this flow‐based dataset. Moreover, a flow‐based intrusion detection system (IDS) is developed for SCADA systems using a deep learning algorithm. We used the dataset to develop this IDS model for real‐time operations of SCADA systems to detect attacks momentarily after they happen. The results show empirical proof of the model’s adequacy when deployed online to detect cyberattacks in real time.
Integral backstepping improvement versus classical and multiscalar backstepping controllers for water IM‐pump fed by backstepping MPPT PV source based on solar measurements in a tropical insular region
Authors: Mehazzem Fateh , Reama Abdellatif , Charles Paul , Soubdhan Ted
Published: June 2021

The work presented here deals with a comparison between integral, classical and multiscalar backstepping controllers applied for a PV water pumping system. The solar pumping system is controlled in its first part by a backstepping maximum power point tracking approach in order to extract a maximum power from solar panels. The second part, composed mainly by induction motor–pump is controlled by backstepping structures. The integral backstepping control structure gives interesting features in terms of stability using recursive Lyapunov design, increases robustness despite parameters variation, and provides good tracking and optimization performance. In order to validate the study with a real solar data, a measured irradiance profile is used to fed the PV system, based on solar measurements in tropical insular context. The measurements are collected at Sonapi site located in Haiti country. The fast variability of the tropical irradiance profile will allow to test the robustness of the used control algorithms and determine their limits. Simulation of the proposed solution is validated under Matlab/Simulink. Results demonstrate clearly that integral backstepping provides the best solution with a good tracking, and optimization performance: fast dynamic response and stable static power output, even when weather conditions (irradiation) are rapidly changing.
An adaptive real‐time energy management system for a renewable energy‐based microgrid
Authors: Zeinal‐Kheiri Sevda , Mohammadpour Shotorbani Amin , Khardenavis Amaiya , Mohammadi‐Ivatloo Behnam , Sadiq Rehan , Hewage Kasun
Published: June 2021

This paper proposes an adaptive real‐time energy scheduling method (RT‐EMS) for a microgrid, using a Lyapunov optimization‐based real‐time approach. Inaccuracy in day‐ahead predictions can result in non‐optimal solutions to the energy scheduling problem. Although the real‐time optimization method eliminates the need to deal with the prediction uncertainties, it ignores the valuable statistical information used in day‐ahead stochastic approaches and provides suboptimal solutions to the problem. The proposed adaptive approach combines the advantages of both the stochastic day‐ahead and the RT‐EMS and reduces the real‐time operational cost of the microgrid. The proposed method moves the RT‐EMS solution towards the optimal solution, by adding a penalty term to the objective function. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the improved performance of the proposed adaptive method.
Catalog-free modeling of galaxy types in deep images
Authors: Livet F. , Charnock T. , Le Borgne D. , de Lapparent V.
Published: June 2021

Context.Current models of galaxy evolution are constrained by the analysis of catalogs containing the flux and size of galaxies extracted from multiband deep fields. However, these catalogs contain inevitable observational and extraction-related biases that can be highly correlated. In practice, taking all of these effects simultaneously into account is difficult, and therefore the derived models are inevitably biased as well.

Aims.To address this issue, we use robust likelihood-free methods to infer luminosity function parameters, which is made possible by the massive compression of multiband images using artificial neural networks. This technique makes the use of catalogs unnecessary when observed and simulated multiband deep fields are compared and model parameters are constrained. Because of the efficient data compression, the method is not affected by the required binning of the observables inherent to the use of catalogs.

Methods.A forward-modeling approach generates galaxies of multiple types depending on luminosity function parameters rendered on photometric multiband deep fields that include instrumental and observational characteristics. The simulated and the observed images present the same selection effects and can therefore be properly compared. We trained a fully convolutional neural network to extract the most model-parameter-sensitive summary statistics out of these realistic simulations, shrinking the dimensionality of the summary space to the number of parameters in the model. Finally, using the trained network to compress both observed and simulated deep fields, the model parameter values were constrained through population Monte Carlo likelihood-free inference.

Results.Using synthetic photometric multiband deep fields similar to previously reported CFHTLS and WIRDS D1/D2 deep fields and massively compressing them through the convolutional neural network, we demonstrate the robustness, accuracy, and consistency of this new catalog-free inference method. We are able to constrain the parameters of luminosity functions of different types of galaxies, and our results are fully compatible with the classic catalog-extraction approaches.
Traitement pluridisciplinaire et systémique des classes II subdivisions.: le couple orthodontiste/kinésithérapeute
Authors: de Papé Romain , Kamm Julien
Published: June 2021

Le diagnostic et la correction des classes II subdivisions est enjeu majeur dans le quotidien des orthodontistes. Appréhender la dynamique mandibulaire est la clé pour comprendre l’orientation du plan d’occlusion et l’asymétrie masticatoire responsable de cette malocclusion. L’orthodontie systémique semble répondre à ces questions pour permettre une stabilité des traitements. Cependant, l’orthodontie seule est limitée dans l’approche des traitements de postures et des dysfonctions temporo-mandibulaires. La kinésithérapie maxillo-faciale aide l’orthodontiste dans une prise en charge pluridisciplinaire. Celle-ci potentialise nos prises en charge et participe grandement au bien être des patients pendant et après le traitement.
Modelling and simulation of a wave energy converter
Authors: Bocchi Edoardo , He Jiao , Vergara-Hermosilla Gastón
Published: June 2021

In this work we present the mathematical model and simulations of a particular wave energy converter, the so-called oscillating water column. In this device, waves governed by the one-dimensional nonlinear shallow water equations arrive from offshore, encounter a step in the bottom and then arrive into a chamber to change the volume of the air to activate the turbine. The system is reformulated as two transmission problems: one is related to the wave motion over the stepped topography and the other one is related to the wave-structure interaction at the entrance of the chamber. We finally use the characteristic equations of Riemann invariants to obtain the discretized transmission conditions and we implement the Lax-Friedrichs scheme to get numerical solutions.
A lubrication equation for a simplified model of shear-thinning fluid
Authors: James Francois , M’Baye Meissa , Msheik Khawla , Nguyen Duc
Published: June 2021

A lubrication equation is obtained for a simplified shear-thinning fluid. The simplified rheology consists of a piecewise linear stress tensor, resulting in a two-viscosity model. This can be interpreted as a modified Bingham fluid, which can be recovered in a specific limit. The lubrication equation is obtained in two steps. First two scalings are performed on the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, namely the long-wave scaling and the slow motion scaling. Second, the resulting equations are averaged along the vertical direction. Numerical illustrations are provided, bringing to light the different possible behaviours.
Bestrahlung zellulärer Blutprodukte – Änderungen in den neuen Querschnitts-Leitlinien
Authors: Ziemann Malte
Published: June 2021

Die transfusionsassoziierte Graft-versus-Host-Erkrankung (ta-GvHD) ist eine seltene, aber lebensbedrohliche Nebenwirkung der Transfusion zellulärer Blutprodukte, die durch restliche Lymphozyten des Blutspenders hervorgerufen wird. Risikofaktoren für eine ta-GvHD sind eine geschwächte T-zelluläre Abwehr des Patienten, eine hohe Zahl residueller Lymphozyten im Blutprodukt und eine einseitige HLA-Inkompatibilität zwischen Spender und Empfänger. Durch eine Bestrahlung zellulärer Blutkomponenten mit mindestens 25 Gray lässt sich eine ta-GvHD sicher verhindern. In der gerade erschienenen 5. Auflage der Querschnitts-Leitlinien der Bundesärztekammer zur Therapie mit Blutkomponenten und Plasmaderivaten wurden einige Indikationen zur Bestrahlung gelockert, da Erfahrungen aus Großbritannien zeigen, dass hier auch nach Transfusion unbestrahlter Blutprodukte kein Risiko für eine ta-GvHD besteht. So stellen lymphatische Neoplasien nicht mehr generell eine Bestrahlungsindikation dar,
sondern nur, wenn ein Hodgkin-Lymphom oder ein schwerer T-Zell-Defekt vorliegt oder wenn bestimmte Therapien durchgeführt werden bzw. wurden (z. B. Gabe von Purinanaloga). Zu anderen Indikationen finden sich in den revidierten Querschnitts-Leitlinien erstmals Empfehlungen zur Verwendung bestrahlter Blutkomponenten: Dies betrifft z. B. hämatoonkologische Patienten unter Therapie mit ATG oder Alemtuzumab. Der Artikel fasst den aktuellen Erkenntnisstand zur ta-GvHD kurz zusammen und erläutert die Änderungen der revidierten Querschnitts-Leitlinien.
Fetale und neonatale Alloimmunthrombozytopenie, Teil 1
Authors: Sachs Ulrich J. , Bedei Ivonne , Wienzek-Lischka Sandra , Cooper Nina , Ehrhardt Harald , Axt-Fliedner Roland , Bein Gregor
Published: June 2021

Die fetale und neonatale Alloimmunthrombozytopenie (FNAIT) wird durch mütterliche Antikörper hervorgerufen, die gegen ein vom Vater ererbtes Blutgruppenmerkmal an fetalen Thrombozyten gerichtet sind. Teil 1 des Beitrags stellt die Ätiologie, die Pathogenese und die Diagnostik der FNAIT dar, während Teil 2 die Risikostratifizierung und Behandlung der FNAIT thematisiert 1.
Tabakentwöhnung – wirksam und kosteneffektiv
Authors: Andreas Stefan , Pankow Wulf
Published: June 2021

Was ist neu?

Tabakentwöhnung in der Klinik – OPS 9–501 Tabakentwöhnung Im Krankenhaus kann durch Gespräche, pharmakologische Hilfen und vor allem eine Weiterbetreuung in ambulanten Strukturen eine effektive Entwöhnung organisiert werden. Medizinische Fachgesellschaften bemühen sich um eine adäquate Finanzierung im DRG-System.

Pharmakologische Unterstützung Eine pharmakologische Unterstützung auch mit Vareniclin ist effektiv und sicher.

Goldstandard: Gespräche plus Pharmakotherapie Gespräche plus Pharmakotherapie sind wirksamer als jede Therapie für sich allein.

Tabakentwöhnung bei manifesten Erkrankungen Für die wesentlichen tabakassoziierten Erkrankungen wie die koronare Herzerkrankung oder die chronisch-obstruktive Lungenerkrankung sind positive Effekte auf Morbidität und Mortalität durch hochwertige Metaanalysen abgesichert.

Schwere Verläufe von COVID-19 bei Rauchern Rauchen ist ein erheblicher Risikofaktor für eine Coronavirus-Infektion und einen schweren Krankheitsverlauf.

E-Zigarette zur Tabakentwöhnung? Die Daten zu toxischen Langzeitfolgen wie zur langfristigen Effektivität der E-Zigaretten in der Tabakentwöhnung sind noch unklar. Dual use ist häufig. Die E-Zigarette kann daher weiterhin nicht zur Tabakentwöhnung empfohlen werden.
Therapieresistente und sekundäre Hypertonie
Authors: Morell Sarah M. , Heine Gunnar H. , Fassnacht Martin
Published: June 2021

Was ist neu?

Sekundäre Hypertonie 2016 wurden Handlungsempfehlungen zum primären Hyperaldosteronismus in einer internationalen Leitlinie veröffentlicht, die 2018 speziell aus europäischer Sicht erweitert wurden. Ziel ist es, frühzeitig die entsprechenden Patienten zu detektieren, um Endorganschäden und kardiovaskulären Ereignissen vorzubeugen. Bei Verdacht auf eine atherosklerotische Nierenarterienstenose eignet sich als Suchtest leitliniengemäß die farbkodierte Duplexsonografie der Nieren und Nierenarterien. Die Therapie ist in erster Linie medikamentös.

Obstruktives Schlafapnoe-Syndrom Protrusionsschienen führen zu einem vergleichbaren moderaten Effekt auf den Bluthochdruck wie die bisher etablierte Überdruckbeatmung. Sie werden von Patienten besser toleriert.

Therapieresistente Hypertonie – konservative Behandlungsoptionen Bei der therapieresistenten Hypertonie wird als viertes Medikament Spironolacton empfohlen. Durch die zusätzliche Einnahme von Patiromer kommt es insbesondere bei Patienten mit chronischer Nierenerkrankung zu weniger Hyperkaliämien, wodurch eine sichere Spironolacton-Gabe möglich ist.

Therapieresistente Hypertonie – interventionelle Behandlungsoptionen Die renale Denervierung kann in den ersten postinterventionellen Monaten zwar zu einer signifikanten Blutdrucksenkung führen, die aber deutlich moderater ist als initiale Studien suggerierten.
Alpha-1-Antitrypsinmangel: Ursache und Kofaktor für Lebererkrankungen
Authors: Burbaum Barbara , Fromme Malin , Strnad Pavel
Published: June 2021

Was ist neu?

Diagnostik Aus gastroenterologischer Sicht hat neben der Bestimmung von Leberenzymen die Untersuchung einer möglichen Fibrose durch nichtinvasive Techniken einen hohen Stellenwert. Besonders zu nennen ist hier die Messung mittels transienter Elastografie (z. B. mittels FibroScan). Bei einem FibroScan-Wert von ≥ 7,1kPa sollte eine detaillierte hepatologische Abklärung folgen, eine Therapie im Rahmen von laufenden Studien kann diskutiert werden.

Klinischer Verlauf Ein Zehntel der pädiatrischen Pi*ZZ-Betroffenen weist eine cholestatische Lebererkrankung auf. Nachdem die adulte Lebererkrankung lange vernachlässigt wurde, konnte vor kurzem dessen Ausmaß mit nichtinvasiven Techniken besser bewertet werden. Im Erwachsenenalter entwickeln ein Fünftel bis ein Drittel der Pi*ZZ-Subjekte eine Leberfibrose. Bereits in der heterozygoten Form (Pi*MZ) gilt der AATM als „disease modifier“, der Pi*SZ-Genotyp stellt im Vergleich zu Pi*MZ und Pi*ZZ ein intermediäres Risiko dar. In Anwesenheit von relevanten Risikofaktoren wie Diabetes mellitus, Adipositas (BMI > 30 kg/m2) und Alter > 50 Jahren prädisponiert er für die Entwicklung einer Lebererkrankung. So haben Patienten mit NAFLD/NASH oder einem kritischen Alkoholkonsum bei zusätzlichem AATM ein deutlich erhöhtes Risiko für die Entwicklung einer Leberzirrhose.

Ausblick und zukünftige Therapien Bisher existiert für die Leberbeteiligung bei AATM keine medikamentöse Therapie. Einige Pharmaka gegen die Progression der Leberfibrose befinden sich in vielversprechenden Phase-II/III-Studien. Besonders herauszustellen ist die Unterbindung der Alpha-1-Antitypsin (AAT) -Produktion mittels siRNA, für die es erste Hinweise auf eine Wirksamkeit gibt. Zum anderen befindet sich ein Medikament in klinischer Testung, welches versucht, die Z-AAT-Sekretion in den Blutkreislauf zu erhöhen.
Maximizing the Smile Symmetry in Facial Paralysis Reconstruction: An Algorithm Based on Twenty Years' Experience
Authors: Hontanilla Bernardo , Olivas-Menayo Jesus , Marré Diego , Cabello Álvaro , Aubá Cristina
Published: June 2021

Over the last two decades, the senior author (B.H.) has had an extensive experience with facial paralysis reconstruction. During this period, the techniques have evolved substantially based on the experience and after observing and analyzing the surgical outcomes. The purpose of this article is to relay the lessons learned from the 20 years' experience and suggest an algorithm. In this retrospective study, we have included 343 cases of facial paralysis cases. Complete facial paralysis cases were 285 and 58 were incomplete facial paralyses, both requiring surgical procedures. Complete facial paralyses were divided in to short term (n = 83) and long term (n = 202). In total, 58% of the patients were women and 42% were men. The age range was 6 to 82 years. The techniques employed were direct suture, nerve grafts, cross-facial nerve grafts (CFNGs), masseteric-to-facial nerve transference, hypoglossal-to-facial nerve transference, free muscle transplants, and lengthening temporal myoplasty to achieve the best symmetry after reanimation of unilateral, bilateral, complete, and incomplete facial paralysis. The type of paralysis, objective measurements, the personal patient's smile, and the gender are key concepts to be considered before scheduling a dynamic facial paralysis reconstruction. For unilateral facial paralysis, the time of onset, the type of paralysis, the patient's comorbidities, and the healthy side status are some of the determining factors when selecting the correct technique. The preferred techniques for unilateral facial paralysis are direct repair, CFNG, masseteric-to-facial transposition, and free gracilis transfer. For incomplete facial paralysis, the masseteric-to-facial nerve transference is preferred. In bilateral facial paralysis, bilateral free gracilis transfer is performed in two stages using the nerve of the masseter muscle as the source of innervation. The authors provide an algorithm which simplifies facial paralysis reconstruction to achieve the greatest facial symmetry while thinking about the potential comorbidities and developing spontaneity smile according to the gender of the patient.
Myelopathy: A Clinical Approach
Authors: Bhai Salman , Bhattacharyya Shamik
Published: June 2021

Myelopathy is a clinical diagnosis with many causes. A focused history and neurologic exam can help identify a myelopathic syndrome that guides a targeted workup. Though an exact cause may not always be identified, a thoughtful clinical approach can narrow down the differential diagnosis enough to treat the patient.
Assistenzsystem für robotergestützte Eingriffe: OP-Navigation bei Enddarmkrebs
Authors: Kolbinger Fiona , Speidel Stefanie
Published: June 2021

Tumor-Operationen im Enddarm erfolgen entlang einer millimeterdünnen Schicht, die an wichtige Nerven grenzt. Werden sie geschädigt, kann dies zu Inkontinenz und Störungen der Sexualfunktion führen. Im Dresdner „CoBot“-Projekt entwickeln Wissenschaftler ein computerbasiertes Assistenzsystem, welches das Risiko für derartige Komplikationen mithilfe Künstlicher Intelligenz deutlich senken soll.