bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract B24: Regulation of mutant p53 stability by the mevalonate pathway-Hsp40-CHIP axis
Authors: Parrales Alejandro , Ranjan Atul , Iyer Swathi V. , Weir Scott , Roy Anuradha , Iwakuma Tomoo
Published: January 2017

Missense mutations in the p53 gene result in accumulation of dysfunctional p53 proteins in tumors with oncogenic gain-of-function activities, such as metastasis and chemotherapy resistance. Increasing evidence indicates that stabilization of mutant p53 (mutp53) in tumors is crucial for its oncogenic activities, while its knockdown reduces malignant progression. Thus, malignant properties of cancer cells are dependent on the presence of mutp53, providing a rationale to identify compounds that deplete mutp53 with minimal effects on wild-type p53 (wtp53). Toward this goal, we performed luciferase assay-based high-throughput screening of ~9,000 chemical compounds using cells expressing a chimeric fusion protein of p53R175H and a luciferase reporter. This screening led us to identify statins, a class of cholesterol-lowering drugs, as degradation inducers of conformational p53 mutants. Interestingly, statins showed minimal effects on wtp53 and DNA contact mutants. Moreover, CHIP ubiquitin ligase, but not MDM2, mediated statin-induced nuclear export, ubiquitination, and degradation of mutp53. Surprisingly, degradation of mutp53 by statins was independent of protein prenylation/lipidation or cholesterol synthesis, and specific reduction of mevalonte-5-phosphate (MVP) triggered mutp53 degradation. We also demonstrated that downregulation of a molecular chaperone Hsp40/DNAJA1 mirrored statin's effects on mutp53, while its overexpression nullified them. Moreover, statin-induced reduction of MVP inhibited the DNAJA1-mutp53 interaction. Biologically, statins preferentially suppressed malignant properties of mutp53-expressing cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Our study proposes a novel role of DNAJA1 in inhibiting CHIP-mediated degradation of mutp53 induced by statins and highlights the significance of p53 status in impacting the efficacy of statins in cancer therapy and of DNAJA1 as a viable target for inducing mutp53 degradation.

Citation Format: Alejandro Parrales, Atul Ranjan, Swathi V. Iyer, Scott Weir, Anuradha Roy, Tomoo Iwakuma. Regulation of mutant p53 stability by the mevalonate pathway-Hsp40-CHIP axis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Targeting the Vulnerabilities of Cancer; May 16-19, 2016; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(1_Suppl):Abstract nr B24.
Diagnosis and Treatment Strategy of Achalasia Subtypes and Esophagogastric Junction Outflow Obstruction Based on High-Resolution Manometry
Authors: Ihara Eikichi , Muta Kazumasa , Fukaura Keita , Nakamura Kazuhiko
Published: January 2017

Background: Based on Chicago Classification version 3.0, the disorders of esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO) include achalasia (types I, II and III) and EGJOO. Although no curative treatments are currently available for the treatment of the disorders of EGJOO, medical treatments, endoscopic pneumatic dilation (PD), laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM), and per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) are usually the sought-after modes of treatment. Since the etiology and pathogenesis might vary depending on the types of EGJOO disorders, treatment strategies should be considered based on those subtypes. Summary: Based on the accumulated evidences, the treatment strategies of our institution are as follows: effects of medical treatments on achalasia are limited. Either PD or LHM/POEM can be considered a first-line in achalasia type I, according to the patient's wish. PD and POEM can be considered first-line in achalasia types II and III, respectively. Conversely, In EGJOO, medical treatments including drugs like acotiamide and/or diltiazem can be tested as a first-line, and PD and POEM will be considered second and third-line treatments, respectively. Key Messages: The classification of subtypes based on high-resolution manometry will help us consider which treatment option can be selected as a first-line treatment depending upon the subtypes of disorders of EGJOO. Acotiamide has the potential to cure patients with EGJOO.
Quality of Life and Psychosocial Implications in Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: Kouris Anargyros , Platsidaki Eftychia , Christodoulou Christos , Efstathiou Vasiliki , Dessinioti Clio , Tzanetakou Vasiliki , Korkoliakou Panagiota , Zisimou Chrisa , Antoniou Christina , Kontochristopoulos George
Published: January 2017

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a long-term skin disorder associated with high levels of psychological distress and significant life impact. Objective: To evaluate the quality of life, depression, anxiety, loneliness, and self-esteem in patients with HS. Methods: Ninety-four patients with HS were enrolled in the study. The quality of life, depression, anxiety, loneliness, and self-esteem of the patients were assessed using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-Version 3), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), respectively. Results: The DLQI mean score was 11.43 ± 6.61 in patients with HS. The patients with HS presented statistically significantly higher anxiety (6.41 ± 3.31 vs. 5.00 ± 1.59, p < 0.001), depression (5.45 ± 2.79 vs. 4.16 ± 1.54, p < 0.001), and loneliness and social isolation scores (42.86 ± 8.63 vs. 35.57 ± 6.17, p < 0.001) and lower self-esteem scores (18.91 ± 1.79 vs. 19.77 ± 2.53, p = 0.008) than the healthy controls. Conclusions: HS is a distressing, recurrent disease that impairs quality of life. We can suggest services that allow an integrated approach, which includes psychosocial support, offering the patients relief from isolation and an opportunity to share common experiences.
C-Arm Cone Beam Computed Tomography Guidance for Radiofrequency Ablation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Kato Keizo , Abe Hiroshi , Ika Makiko , Yonezawa Takeshi , Sato Yoshiyuki , Hanawa Noriko , Shimizu Shohei , Endo Shinji , Matsuo Ryota , Tsubota Akihito
Published: January 2017

Objective: To assess the usefulness of C-arm cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) combined with ultrasound for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Methods: Patients underwent RFA following transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) or RFA alone under ultrasound or CBCT guidance combined with ultrasound-based techniques. They were divided into 2 groups based on the use (C group) and nonuse (NC group) of CBCT guidance. The technical success of RFA and local tumor progression after the first RFA session were evaluated by dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging methods. Between-group differences were assessed retrospectively. Results: We enrolled 198 patients with 260 HCC nodules. The complete ablation rates were 63.0 and 89.4% in the NC and C groups, respectively. In log-rank testing, local tumor progression occurred significantly more often in the NC group when RFA was used without TACE, in males when des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin was ≥29 mAU/mL, and when the diameter of a nodule was ≥18 mm. On Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis, the NC group, RFA alone without TACE, and male gender were significant independent variables. Conclusion: TACE followed by RFA under CBCT and ultrasound guidance improves the reliability of ablation of target HCC nodules, reduces the need for additional treatment sessions, and prevents local tumor progression.
A Retrospective Multicentre Cohort Review of Patient Characteristics and Surgical Aspects versus the Long-Term Outcomes for Recipients of a Fully Implantable Active Middle Ear Implant
Authors: Lefebvre Philippe P. , Gisbert Javier , Cuda Domenico , Tringali Stéphane , Deveze Arnaud
Published: January 2017

Objective: To summarise treatment outcomes compared to surgical and patient variables for a multicentre recipient cohort using a fully implantable active middle ear implant for hearing impairment. To describe the authors' preferred surgical technique to determine microphone placement. Study Design: Multicentre retrospective, observational survey. Setting: Five tertiary referral centres. Patients: Carina recipients (66 ears, 62 subjects) using the current Cochlear® Carina® System or the legacy device, the Otologics® Fully Implantable Middle Ear, with a T2 transducer. Methods: Patient file review and routine clinical review. Patient outcomes assessed were satisfaction, daily use and feedback reports at the first fitting and ≥12 months after implantation. Descriptive and statistical analysis of correlations of variables and their influence on outcomes was performed. Independently reported preferred methods for microphone placement are collectively summarised. Results: The average implant experience was 3.5 years. Satisfaction increased significantly over time (p < 0.05). No correlation with covariates examined was observed. Feedback significantly decreased over time, showing a significant correlation with microphone location, primary motivation, gender, age at implantation, and contralateral hearing aid use (p < 0.05). Patient satisfaction was inversely correlated with reports of system feedback (p < 0.05). The implantable microphone was most commonly on the posterior inferior mastoid line, in 42/66 (65%) cases, correlating with less likelihood for feedback and consistent with author surgical preference. Conclusion: Carina recipients in this study present as satisfied consistent daily users with very few reports of persistent feedback. As microphone location is an influencing factor, a careful surgical consideration of microphone placement is required. The authors prefer a posterior inferior mastoid line position whenever possible.
Noble Death and Dynasty: A Popular Tradition from the Hasmonean Period in Josephus
Authors: Wilker Julia
Published: January 2017

The First Book of Maccabees ends its historical narrative with the murder of Simon at the hands of his son-in-law, Ptolemy. Flavius Josephus offers a more elaborate narrative of the same event. According to his account, Ptolemy took Simon’s wife and two of his sons as hostages and tormented them when John Hyrcanus besieged him in the fortress of Doq. Josephus praises Simon’s wife for taking a heroic stance and stresses her willingness to die for the dynasty. A close analysis of the story suggests that Josephus drew on a popular tradition that emerged shortly after the historical events and adopted stylistic and narratological elements commonly associated with martyrdom stories. The story thus offers insights into dynastic representation in the early Hasmonean period and indicates that the wife of Simon played a prominent role in the propaganda and self-fashioning of the new ruling house.
Craft Guilds as Synagogues? Further Thoughts on “Private Judean-Deity Associations”
Authors: Eckhardt Benedikt
Published: January 2017

The article responds to the challenge against the conventional understanding of ancient “synagogue” communities recently offered by Richard Last. While it is important to criticize the use of the term and some of its implications in modern scholarship, the argument that craft guilds worshipping the Judean deity among others should not be categorically distinguished from groups assembling only Ioudaioi and honoring only yhwh is shown to be based on a problematic understanding of several Greek inscriptions. It is precisely in the context of Graeco-Roman forms of social aggregation that this distinction is most pertinent.
A Short Note on the Epitaph of Ama Helenê Ioudaia
Authors: van der Horst Pieter W.
Published: January 2017

This short note proposes a new interpretation of the epitaph of Ama Helenê Ioudaia, an inscription recently published by L. H. Blumell in jsj 47 (2016): 310-29, on the basis of a different reading of some of the Greek words in this inscription.
Walking Out for Yizkor
Authors: Ron Zvi
Published: January 2017

In many synagogues it is customary for people with living parents to walk out of the sanctuary for the Yizkor memorial service. This has been explained in many ways, with most explanations involving the evil eye or liturgical concerns. This article examines the origin of the Yizkor service and its connection to the collection of monetary donations in honor of the deceased. This practice, connecting Yizkor with donations, is proposed as a significant factor that those with living parents would not participate in this service.
A new species of Eigenmannia Jordan and Evermann (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) from the upper rio Paraguai basin
Authors: CAMPOS-DA-PAZ RICARDO , QUEIROZ2 IGOR RAPOSO
Published: January 2017

Eigenmannia correntes, a new species belonging to the Eigenmannia trilineata species-group, is described from tributaries of rio Correntes, a major affluent of the rio Piquiri system, upper rio Paraguai basin (Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul states, Brazil). Eigenmannia correntes is included in the currently poorly defined sternopygid genus Eigenmannia (Ostariophysi: Gymnotiformes) by presenting characters that are either primitive or of uncertain polarity, such as eyes covered by skin, scales present over entire postcranial portion of body, teeth absent from oral valve, infraorbital bones 1+2 with enlarged posterodorsal expansion, and gill rakers short and unossified. The new species is distinguished from all congeners, except those species included in the Eigenmannia trilineata species-group, by the presence of a conspicuous superior midlateral stripe (synapomorphy of this clade). Eigenmannia correntes can be differentiated from all members of the Eigenmannia trilineata species-group, except E. vicentespelaea, E. waiwai and E. besouro, by its subterminal mouth (vs. terminal in remaining species of that group). Further, it differs from these aforementioned species by a number of meristic and morphometric characters, including number of premaxillary and dentary teeth, number of longitudinal series of scales above lateral line, number of pectoral-fin and anal-fin rays, eye diameter, postorbital distance, and snout length. Finally, notes on reproduction and parasitism for E. correntes are presented.
Forms of Address as Discrete Modal Operators
Authors: Sosnowski Wojciech Paweł
Published: January 2017

Forms of Address as Discrete Modal OperatorsThe category of expressions of politeness includes, among others, forms of address. Forms of address express honorification. Honorification can be defined as a special type of meaning that consists of information about the social and interpersonal relations between the speaker and the addressee, the speaker and the hearer, and the speaker and the protagonist of the predication. As far as their place in the syntactic structure is concerned, forms of address can either be integrated with the other elements of a predication or not. However, they are always part of a predication’s semantic structure. Moreover, forms of address convey the speaker’s attitude to the meaning of the predicate that they want to convey, which consequently means that forms of address also carry a modal element. Modality can be defined as a situation in which an individual is in a particular mental state, i.e. exhibits some kind of attitude to a situation or a type of situations.Forms of address can be categorised as modal operators conveying imperatives, requests, suppositions, etc. The term "operator" can be used for a unit of language when it changes the semantic structure of the predication. My research on honorification is mainly based on contemporary corpora, both monolingual and multilingual. In the present study, I analyse forms of address which carry imperative and optative meanings. Formy adresatywne jako dyskretne operatory modalneW obrębie wyrażeń realizujących funkcje grzecznościowe znajduje się grupa form adresatywnych. Są one częścią kategorii honoryfikatywności rozumianej jako szczególny rodzaj znaczenia zawartego w treści wypowiedzi, informację o towarzysko-społecznej relacji między nadawcą a odbiorcą, nadawcą a słuchaczem oraz nadawcą a bohaterem wypowiedzi. Gramatycznie formy adresatywne mogą być zarówno zintegrowane, jak i niezintegrowane syntaktycznie z resztą wypowiedzi, ale zawsze są częścią semantycznej struktury zdania. Wyrażają one także stosunek mówiącego do komunikatu, jaki przekazuje odbiorcom komunikatu, i tym samym mają przekaz modalny. Przez modalność autor rozumie sytuację, w której dane indywiduum (osoba) znajduje się w danym stanie mentalnym, tj. ma określony stosunek do szeregu sytuacji i typów sytuacji.Formy adresatywne można uznać za dyskretne operatory modalne zawierające takie treści, jak: rozkazuję ci, życzę sobie, przypuszczam i in. Termin ,,operator" używany jest w przypadkach, w których możemy go wskazać jako nośnika zmian w semantycznej strukturze zdania. Współczesne badania nad honoryfikatywnością autor opiera głównie na obecnie opracowywanych narodowych korpusach wielojęzycznych równoległych i jednojęzycznych i analizuje formy adresatywne o znaczeniu imperatywnym i optatywnym.
A Short History of Polish-Ukrainian Terminography
Authors: Łukasik Marek Wojciech
Published: January 2017

A Short History of Polish-Ukrainian TerminographySpecialised dictionaries fulfil a plethora of linguistic and cognitive functions in specialised communication. In particular, such reference works help introduce, harmonise and standardise national terminologies, thus playing an indispensable role in disseminating high quality specialised knowledge. An even more important role may be attributed to bilingual and multilingual specialised dictionaries, whose primary goal is to facilitate the flow of scientific and technical information at an international level. This function has come to the fore in today’s multinational and interconnected professional world.In light of the developing and ever stronger cooperation between Poland and Ukraine, an attempt is being made to evaluate bilingual and multilingual terminographic works containing Polish and Ukrainian which have been published in Poland to date. The aim is to assess the positive developments and to identify the gaps in Polish-Ukrainian terminography. It is hoped that the findings presented in this paper will be applied by terminographers in order to compile terminological dictionaries of higher quality, which satisfy the needs of specific users and follow terminographic principles. Krótka historia terminografii polsko-ukraińskiejSłowniki specjalistyczne pełnią ważne funkcje lingwistyczne i kognitywne w komunikacji specjalistycznej. W szczególności dzieła terminograficzne umożliwiają rozpowszechnianie, harmonizację i standaryzację terminologii narodowych, stając się niezbędnym narzędziem w transferze wysokiej jakości wiedzy specjalistycznej. Jeszcze ważniejszą rolę można przypisać dwu- i wielojęzycznym słownikom specjalistycznym, których prymarnym celem jest ułatwienie przepływu informacji naukowej i technicznej w wymiarze globalnym, szczególnie w dzisiejszym jednoczącym się, wielonarodowościowym świecie.W świetle rozwijającej się coraz ściślejszej współpracy między Polską i Ukrainą w niniejszym artykule autor podejmuje się próby oceny opublikowanych w Polsce dwu- i wielojęzycznych dzieł terminograficznych z językami polskim i ukraińskim. Celem badania była ewaluacja pozytywnych oraz negatywnych aspektów praktyki terminograficznej polsko-ukraińskiej. Autor ma nadzieję, że wnioski przedstawione w niniejszej pracy znajdą zastosowanie w praktyce przy tworzeniu słowników coraz lepszej jakości, odpowiadających potrzebom konkretnych grup odbiorców oraz stosujących zasady współczesnej terminografii.
Ontologized Lexicographical Systems in Modern Terminography
Authors: Shyrokov Volodymyr , Ostapova Iryna , Nadutenko Maksym , Verbynenko Yulia
Published: January 2017

Ontologized Lexicographical Systems in Modern TerminographyThe principles of the construction and use of the Virtual Terminographical Laboratory "Welding" are described. VTL "Welding" provides support for the compiling of electronic terminological multimedia dictionaries in the field of welding and allied processes. Zontologizowane systemy leksykograficzne we współczesnej terminografiiW artykule opisane są zasady konstruowania i zastosowania Wirtualnego Laboratorium Terminograficznego w dziedzinie "Spawalnictwa". Wirtualne Laboratorium Terminograficzne zapewnia wsparcie w zestawieniu elektronicznych, multimedialnych słowników terminograficznych w dziedzinie spawalnictwa i  powiązanych procesów.
Future Projections of Heat and Fire-Risk Indices for the Contiguous United States
Authors: Weatherly John W. , Rosenbaum Mattson A.
Published: January 2017

Increasing temperatures and changes in precipitation associated with climate change are expected to have increasing impacts on the contiguous United States in the coming decades, including military training and outdoor activities in general. Projections of daily temperature and precipitation from multiple global climate model projections are used to calculate the days with high heat and drought indices, which also indicate heat-related illness and fire risks. The heat stress index [the wet-bulb black-globe temperature (WBGT)] and drought index (Keetch–Byram drought index) are calculated from climate model projections from 1950–99 and 2070–99 and compared with those calculated from observed weather data for stations across the contiguous United States. Significant increases are projected across the southern United States for the days in the high index category above 32.2°C and high drought category. The higher humidity of the southeastern United States contributes to high WBGT as well, while the air temperatures are greatest in the Southwest. The highest WBGT categories occur for the daytime maximum; however, daily minimum WBGTs in the restricting category also are projected for more than 50 days per year in the Southeast. The high drought index is projected to increase across the Great Plains and the central and southern United States, affecting wildfire risks for military and public lands, including large agricultural regions. These projected impacts can be characterized as widespread and severe for large portions of the United States, with expected impacts to military planning, public health and safety, and natural resource management.
Analyzing Temperature and Precipitation Influences on Yield Distributions of Canola and Spring Wheat in Saskatchewan
Authors: Meng Ting , Carew Richard , Florkowski Wojciech J. , Klepacka Anna M.
Published: January 2017

The IPCC indicates that global mean temperature increases of 2°C or more above preindustrial levels negatively affect such crops as wheat. Canadian climate model projections show warmer temperatures and variable rainfall will likely affect Saskatchewan’s canola and spring wheat production. Drier weather will have the greatest impact. The major climate change challenges will be summer water availability, greater drought frequencies, and crop adaptation. This study investigates the impact of precipitation and temperature changes on canola and spring wheat yield distributions using Environment Canada weather data and Statistics Canada crop yield and planted area for 20 crop districts over the 1987–2010 period. The moment-based methods (full- and partial-moment-based approaches) are employed to characterize and estimate asymmetric relationships between climate variables and the higher-order moments of crop yields. A stochastic production function and the focus on crop yield’s elasticity imply choosing the natural logarithm function as the mean function transformation prior to higher-moment function estimation. Results show that average crop yields are positively associated with the growing season degree-days and pregrowing season precipitation, while they are negatively affected by extremely high temperatures in the growing season. The climate measures have asymmetric effects on the higher moments of crop yield distribution along with stronger effects of changing temperatures than precipitation on yield distribution. Higher temperatures tend to decrease wheat yields, confirming earlier Saskatchewan studies. This study finds pregrowing season precipitation and precipitation in the early plant growth stages particularly relevant in providing opportunities to develop new crop varieties and agronomic practices to mitigate climate changes.
Development of a Flexible, Extendable, and Low-Cost Control Unit for Surface Drifters
Authors: Giudici Andrea , Torsvik Tomas , Soomere Tarmo
Published: January 2017

An extensible, low-cost drifter control unit (VELELLA) design is presented, developed for use in drifters that are deployed in inland water bodies or near-coast regions. The control unit is custom built from basic components built around a small footprint microcontroller, making use of a GPS receiver for position tracking, a Global System for Mobile Communications [Groupe SpécialMobile (GSM)] radio for data transmission, and two sensor buses to handle analog and digital data generated by an arbitrary array of external sensors. A cloud-based data collection platform has been implemented to receive and store data transmitted over general packet radio service (GPRS) from the drifter. The control unit was found to perform satisfactorily in operational testing, providing data at subhertz frequency for position and temperature during extended time. However, some issues related to temporary data loss and power consumption spikes were identified, indicating that some further development of the control unit is required to achieve a production-ready platform for extensive and prolonged field operations.
Ulnar Shortening Versus Distal Radius Corrective Osteotomy in the Management of Ulnar Impaction After Distal Radius Malunion
Authors: Aibinder William R. , Izadpanah Ali , Elhassan Bassem T.
Published: January 2017

Background: Distal radius malunions lead to functional deficits. This study compares isolated ulnar shortening osteotomy (USO) to distal radius osteotomy (DRO) for the treatment of ulnar impaction syndrome following distal radius malunion. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 11 patients with extra-articular distal radius malunions treated for ulnar impaction with isolated USO. This group was compared to a 1:1 age- and sex-matched cohort treated with isolated DRO for the same indication. Pain visual analog scale (VAS), wrist motion, grip strength, radiographic parameters, and perioperative complications were analyzed. Mean follow-up was 14.8 months. Results: VAS scores improved. Wrist range of motion improved in both cohorts with the exception of radial deviation, pronation, and supination in the USO cohort, which decreased from a mean of 17°-16°, 67°-57°, and 54°-52°, respectively. There was no significant difference between groups in regard to change in pain or range of motion, with the exception of pronation and ulnar deviation. The mean tourniquet time was shorter in the USO group. The final ulnar variance was 1.8 mm negative in the USO group and 1.1 mm positive in the DRO group. There was 1 reoperation following USO for painful nonunion, while there were 2 reoperations following DRO for persistent ulnar impaction. Conclusions: An improvement in range of motion, grip strength, and VAS with restoration of the radioulnar length relationship was observed in both cohorts. USO is a simpler procedure with a shorter tourniquet time that can be an attractive alternative to DRO for ulnar impaction syndrome after distal radius malunions.
Tourniquet Deflation Prior to 20 Minutes in Upper Extremity Intravenous Regional Anesthesia
Authors: Gurich Richard W. , Langan Justin W. , Teasdall Robert J. , Tanner Stephanie L. , Sanders John L.
Published: January 2017

Background: Bier blocks, or intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA), are a method of anesthesia for upper extremity surgeries. This study reports our experience with tourniquet deflation prior to 20 minutes with upper extremity IVRA. Methods: This study was designed as a retrospective cohort analysis. Records, including intraoperative and immediate postoperative anesthesia notes, of 430 patients who underwent IVRA with an upper extremity Bier block and a corresponding tourniquet time of less than 20 minutes were reviewed. Patient demographics, procedure(s) performed, American Society of Anesthesiologists scores, volume of lidocaine used in Bier block, tourniquet time, and any complications were recorded. Results: This cohort consisted of 127 males and 303 females. The 3 most common procedures performed were carpal tunnel release (315), trigger finger release (47), and excision of masses (34). The average tourniquet time for this cohort was 16 minutes (range, 9-19 minutes), and the average volume of lidocaine (0.5% plain) injected was 44 mL (range, 30-70 mL). A tourniquet time of 17 minutes or less was observed in 339 patients, and 170 patients had tourniquet times of 15 minutes or less. Five complications were recorded: intraoperative vomiting, mild postoperative nausea/vomiting, severe postoperative nausea and vomiting, and transient postoperative hypotension that responded to a fluid bolus. Conclusions: No major complications were observed in our cohort of upper extremity IVRA and tourniquet times of less than 20 minutes. Several variables play a role in the safety of upper extremity IVRA.
“Warehouse of Souls”
Authors: Karas Tania
Published: January 2017

An EU-Turkey deal intended to stem the flow of migrants to Europe has turned Greece's islands into de facto open-air prisons. Meanwhile, right-wing sentiment is now growing in regions heralded just a year ago for their selfless care of refugees, reports journalist Tania Karas. Greece began the migrant crisis as the continent's life guard and first-aid provider, but Europe has now forced the country to be its warden, too.
Russian Brinksmanship
Authors: Oliker Olga
Published: January 2017

When Russia intervenes, according to analyst Olga Oliker, the result is not the respect that Moscow seeks but a reputation for unpredictability. A policy of anti-American opportunism renders many of the Kremlin's relationships transactional and fleeting. Oliker argues that until Russia develops a more intentional foreign policy, the country's influence won't extend beyond its neighborhood.
“We Have No Freedom”
Authors: Seiff Abby
Published: January 2017

An insurgency has consumed much of southern Thailand. Since 2004, almost 7,000 have been killed and more than 12,000 wounded as Malay Muslims push for greater autonomy. Journalist Abby Seiff describes the Thai government's brutal security tactics and investigates what's sustaining the conflict and how it might finally be ended.
Islands Apart
Authors: Sirgany Sarah El
Published: January 2017

Egypt handed over two uninhabited islands to Saudi Arabia, sparking the largest mass protests in Cairo since 2014. Both governments say they want to maintain close ties, according to journalist Sarah El Sirgany, but conflicting expectations, dissatisfied citizens, and domestic transformations threaten to destabilize this crucial alliance.
“We have to Talk about it”
Authors: Canofre Fernanda
Published: January 2017

When a society fails to confront the dark episodes of its history, it leaves its past vulnerable to distortion and exploitation, argues journalist Fernanda Canofre. Brazil has never properly investigated the crimes of its military dictatorship period (1964-1985), and far-right politicians have been manipulating the country's collective memory of this era for their own gain. For the survivors of the regime's torture apparatus, the new nostalgia for repression can be traumatizing.
Cruising and Screening John
Authors: Betancourt Manuel
Published: January 2017

Known for his controversial first novel, City of Night (1963), John Rechy is a Chicano gay writer whose reputation as a documenter of the seedy sexual underworld of hustlers and tricks has set the tone for discussions about his work. Interrogating this characterization, the present article takes up the subtitle to Rechy's sixth novel, The Sexual Outlaw (“a prose documentary”), as a way to analyze the novel's generic and formal choices. While tracing the continuities between this text from 1977 and his earlier best-selling novels, the article locates this genre-bending novel in the context of the boom in LGBT documentaries of the time. Putting Rechy's text in conversation with the contemporaneous documentary Word Is Out (1977), by Peter Adair, the article establishes The Sexual Outlaw as both a response to and a parody of these landmark films, specifically by shedding light on the invisible and oft-forgotten outcasts of the LGBT community, those young outlaws of the working class who cruise and define themselves against the white and affluent “Mr. Middle of the Road” trope so exalted in Adair's documentary.
Creating a Queer Archive in the Public Eye
Authors: Boone Joseph Allen
Published: January 2017

How might current theories of the queer archive, its ephemeral, idiosyncratic, and fetishized contents, and its affective relation to the past and present, need amending to accommodate non-Western contexts and their differing histories and cultural scripts of sexuality? This article addresses such questions by examining the İstanbul Ansiklopedisi, the never-completed, lifetime labor of love of the mid-twentieth-century Turkish historian Reşad Ekrem Koçu. The entries and illustrations in the eleven extant volumes turn out to be a veritable treasure trove of queer history, queer longing, and queer affect—one that nonetheless managed to pass itself off as acceptable reading material for any number of middle-class Turkish families. Facing the systematic erasure of Istanbul's centuries-old tradition of male homoerotic culture from the official and state record, Koçu makes his encyclopedic enterprise the covert home for a queer archive that, in refusing to disappear, becomes a queer politics.
Microhistory and the Historical Imagination: New Frontiers
Authors: Robisheaux Thomas
Published: January 2017

Microhistory, far from a brief and controversial experiment in history writing of the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, has become one of the most creative ways to tackle the difficult problems of writing history in our time. This JMEMS special issue brings together practicing microhistorians who are taking microhistorical practices into new frontiers. A major roundtable discussion features an open-ended conversation about archives, the many ways to read a document, the scaling of historical perspective, the possibilities of story-telling, and the nature and limits of historical knowledge. The articles that follow, by the roundtable particpants themselves, bring microhistorical methodology to the study of social and cultural history, legal history, the history of crime, gender history (making use of the often overlooked potential in literary texts), and global history. These articles reflect the openness and self-reflexivity that often characterize microhistorians and their craft.
Crime and Testimony: Life Narratives, Pardon Letters, and Microhistory
Authors: Arnade Peter , Colwill Elizabeth
Published: January 2017

Late medieval and early modern pardon letters are among the best sources of ordinary people's voices in the premodern period. The stuff of social history, these legal documents allow us access to nonelite social actors and masculine spaces of sociability. Yet they also represent a genre of life narrative that profits from the insights of literary and feminist theory. This essay reads the rich harvest of fifteenth-century Burgundian pardon letters as collaboratively authored textual performances as it explores the relationship of these micronarratives to the writing of microhistory. Vehicles of self-presentation and sources of social history, the pardon letters expose the textual strategies through which those accused sought to perform their innocence. In so doing, the letters reveal something of the vast and shifting terrain of sex, station, status, and sociability in late medieval Burgundian cities.
Reciprocal signaling by Wnt and Notch specifies a muscle precursor in the C. elegans embryo
Authors: Robertson Scott M. , Medina Jessica , Oldenbroek Marieke , Lin Rueyling
Published: January 2017

The MS blastomere produces one-third of the body wall muscles (BWMs) in the C. elegans embryo. MS-derived BWMs require two distinct cell-cell interactions, the first inhibitory and the second, two cell cycles later, required to overcome this inhibition. The inductive interaction is not required if the inhibitory signal is absent. Although the Notch receptor GLP-1 was implicated in both interactions, the molecular nature of the two signals was unknown. We now show that zygotically expressed MOM-2 (Wnt) is responsible for both interactions. Both the inhibitory and the activating interactions require precise spatiotemporal expression of zygotic MOM-2, which is dependent upon two distinct Notch signals. In a Notch mutant defective only in the inductive interaction, MS-derived BWMs can be restored by preventing zygotic MOM-2 expression, which removes the inhibitory signal. Our results suggest that the inhibitory interaction ensures the differential lineage specification of MS and its sister blastomere, whereas the inductive interaction promotes the expression of muscle-specifying genes by modulating TCF and β-catenin levels. These results highlight the complexity of cell fate specification by cell-cell interactions in a rapidly dividing embryo.
3D bioprinting: improvingin vitromodels of metastasis with heterogeneous tumor microenvironments
Authors: Albritton Jacob L. , Miller Jordan S.
Published: January 2017

Even with many advances in treatment over the past decades, cancer still remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite the recognized relationship between metastasis and increased mortality rate, surprisingly little is known about the exact mechanism of metastatic progression. Currently available in vitro models cannot replicate the three-dimensionality and heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment sufficiently to recapitulate many of the known characteristics of tumors in vivo. Our understanding of metastatic progression would thus be boosted by the development of in vitro models that could more completely capture the salient features of cancer biology. Bioengineering groups have been working for over two decades to create in vitro microenvironments for application in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Over this time, advances in 3D printing technology and biomaterials research have jointly led to the creation of 3D bioprinting, which has improved our ability to develop in vitro models with complexity approaching that of the in vivo tumor microenvironment. In this Review, we give an overview of 3D bioprinting methods developed for tissue engineering, which can be directly applied to constructing in vitro models of heterogeneous tumor microenvironments. We discuss considerations and limitations associated with 3D printing and highlight how these advances could be harnessed to better model metastasis and potentially guide the development of anti-cancer strategies.
Pex35 is a regulator of peroxisome abundance
Authors: Yofe Ido , Soliman Kareem , Chuartzman Silvia G. , Morgan Bruce , Weill Uri , Yifrach Eden , Dick Tobias P. , Cooper Sara J. , Ejsing Christer S. , Schuldiner Maya , Zalckvar Einat , Thoms Sven
Published: January 2017

Peroxisomes are cellular organelles with vital functions in lipid, amino acid and redox metabolism. The cellular formation and dynamics of peroxisomes are governed by PEX genes; however, the regulation of peroxisome abundance is still poorly understood. Here, we use a high-content microscopy screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to identify new regulators of peroxisome size and abundance. Our screen led to the identification of a previously uncharacterized gene, which we term PEX35, which affects peroxisome abundance. PEX35 encodes a peroxisomal membrane protein, a remote homolog to several curvature-generating human proteins. We systematically characterized the genetic and physical interactome as well as the metabolome of mutants in PEX35, and we found that Pex35 functionally interacts with the vesicle-budding-inducer Arf1. Our results highlight the functional interaction between peroxisomes and the secretory pathway.
Patterns of organelle ontogeny through a cell cycle revealed by whole-cell reconstructions using 3D electron microscopy
Authors: Hughes Louise , Borrett Samantha , Towers Katie , Starborg Tobias , Vaughan Sue
Published: January 2017

The major mammalian bloodstream form of the African sleeping sickness parasite Trypanosoma brucei multiplies rapidly, and it is important to understand how these cells divide. Organelle inheritance involves complex spatiotemporal re-arrangements to ensure correct distribution to daughter cells. Here, serial block face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) was used to reconstruct whole individual cells at different stages of the cell cycle to give an unprecedented temporal, spatial and quantitative view of organelle division, inheritance and abscission in a eukaryotic cell. Extensive mitochondrial branching occurred only along the ventral surface of the parasite, but the mitochondria returned to a tubular form during cytokinesis. Fission of the mitochondrion occurred within the cytoplasmic bridge during the final stage of cell division, correlating with cell abscission. The nuclei were located underneath each flagellum at mitosis and the mitotic spindle was located along the ventral surface, further demonstrating the asymmetric arrangement of cell cleavage in trypanosomes. Finally, measurements demonstrated that multiple Golgi bodies were accurately positioned along the flagellum attachment zone, suggesting a mechanism for determining the location of Golgi bodies along each flagellum during the cell cycle.
Improving WLAN Quality of Services (Qos) Using Opnet
Authors: Baidari Ishwar , Sajjan S. P. , Singh Ajeet
Published: January 2017

Wireless local area networks (WLANs) are in a period of great expansion and there is a strong need for them to support multimedia applications. With the increasing demand and penetration of wireless services, users of wireless networks now expect Quality of Service (QoS) and performance comparable to what is available from fixed networks. Providing QoS requirements like good throughput and minimum access delay are challenging tasks with regard to 802.11 WLAN protocols and Medium Access Control (MAC) functions.
This research is done to study, the presently implemented schemes (the Point Coordination Function (PCF) of IEEE 802.11, the Enhanced Distributed Coordination Function (EDCF) of the proposed IEEE 802.11e extension to IEEE 802.11), solves these issues and what can be done to improve them further. The metrics used were Throughput, Data Drop, Retransmission and Medium Access Delay, to analyze the performance of various MAC protocols in providing QoS to users of WLAN.
Two scenarios, with same Physical and MAC parameters, one implementing the DCF and other EDCF, were created in the network simulation tool (OPNET MODELER) to obtain the results. The results showed that the performance of EDCF was better in providing QoS for real-time interactive services (like video conferencing) as compared to DCF, because of its ability to differentiate and prioritize various services. Index Terms - Wireless local area networks (WLANs),
Formulation of a Prediction Index with the Help of WEKA Tool for Guiding the Stock Market Investors
Authors: Kulkarni Aseema , More Ajit
Published: January 2017

Prediction of stock prices using various computer programs is on rise. Popularly known in the field of finance as algorithmic trading, a radical transformation has taken place in the field of stock markets for decision making through automated decision making agents. Machine learning techniques can be applied for predicting stock prices. This paper attempts to study the various stock market forecasting processes available in the forecasting plugin of the WEKA tool. Twenty experiments have been conducted on twenty different stocks to analyse the prediction capacity of the tool.
Unconstrained metacarpophalangeal joint arthroplasties
Authors: Aujla R. S. , Sheikh N. , Divall P. , Bhowal B. , Dias J. J.
Published: January 2017

Aims

We performed a systematic review of the current literature regarding the outcomes of unconstrained metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) arthroplasty.

Materials and Methods

We initially identified 1305 studies, and 406 were found to be duplicates. After exclusion criteria were applied, seven studies were included. Outcomes extracted included pre- and post-operative pain visual analogue scores, range of movement (ROM), strength of pinch and grip, satisfaction and patient reported outcome measures (PROMs). Clinical and radiological complications were recorded. The results are presented in three groups based on the design of the arthroplasty and the aetiology (pyrocarbon-osteoarthritis (pyro-OA), pyrocarbon-inflammatory arthritis (pyro-IA), metal-on-polyethylene (MoP)).

Results

Results show that pyrocarbon implants provide an 85% reduction in pain, 144% increase of pinch grip and 13° improvements in ROM for both OA and IA combined. Patients receiving MoP arthroplasties had a reduction in pinch strength. Satisfaction rates were 91% and 92% for pyrocarbon-OA and pyrocarbon-IA groups, respectively. There were nine failures in 87 joints (10.3%) over a mean follow-up of 5.5 years (1.0 to 14.3) for pyro-OA. There were 18 failures in 149 joints (12.1%) over a mean period of 6.6 years (1.0 to 16.0) for pyro-IA. Meta-analysis was not possible due to the heterogeneity of the studies and the limited presentation of data.

Conclusion

We would recommend prospective data collection for small joint arthroplasties of the hand consisting of PROMs that would allow clinicians to come to stronger conclusions about the impact on function of replacing the MCPJs. A national joint registry may be the best way to achieve this. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:100–6.
High prevalence of noise following Delta ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Salo P. P. , Honkanen P. B. , Ivanova I. , Reito A. , Pajamäki J. , Eskelinen A.
Published: January 2017

Aims

We evaluated the short-term functional outcome and prevalence of bearing-specific generation of audible noise in 301 patients (336 hips) operated on with fourth generation (Delta) medium diameter head, ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) total hip arthroplasties (THAs).

Patients and Methods

There were 191 female (63%) and 110 male patients (37%) with a mean age of 61 years (29 to 78) and mean follow-up of 2.1 years (1.3 to 3.4). Patients completed three questionnaires: Oxford Hip Score (OHS), Research and Development 36-item health survey (RAND-36) and a noise-specific symptom questionnaire. Plain radiographs were also analysed. A total of three hips (0.9%) were revised.

Results

There were 52 patients (54 hips, 17%) who reported noise, and in 25 (48%) of them the noise was frequently heard. In the multiple regression analysis, the only independent risk factor for noise was a specific THA brand, with a threefold increased risk (95% confidence intervals 1.39 to 6.45, p = 0.005) of noise compared with the reference THA brand. Patients with noisy hips had lower median OHS (43 versus 46.5, p = 0.002) and their physical functioning (p = 0.021) subscale in RAND-36 was reduced.

Conclusion

Noise was surprisingly common in this population. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:44–50.