bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CRITICALITY CALCULATION OF A HOMOGENOUS CYLINDRICAL NUCLEAR REACTOR CORE USING FOUR-GROUP DIFFUSION EQUATIONS
Authors: OJO Babatunde Michael , FASASİ Musibau Keulere , SALAU Ayodeji Olalekan , OLUKOTUN Stephen Friday , JAYEOLA Mathew Ademola
Published: May 2018

In this study, we present a general equation for Finite Difference Method Multi-group Diffusion (FDMMD) equations of a cylindrical nuclear reactor core. In addition, we developed an algorithm which we called TUNTOB for solving the FDMMD equations, determined the fluxes at each of the mesh points and calculated the criticality of the four energy group. This was with a view to using the four-group diffusion equations to estimate the criticality of a cylindrical reactor core that will be accurate and locally accessible for nuclear reactor design in developing countries. The multi-group diffusion equations were solved numerically by discretization using the Finite Difference Method (FDM) to obtain a general equation for a cylindrical reactor core. The fluxes at each mesh point and the criticality of the four energy group were then determined. From the results obtained, we observed that an increment in iteration led to an increase in the effective multiplication factor (𝒌𝒆𝒇𝒇) with a corresponding increase in the computation time. A maximum effective multiplication factor was reached when the number of iteration was 1000 and above. Having established the optimal number of iterations, the effects of the mesh sizes on the computation examined revealed that the values of 𝒌𝒆𝒇𝒇 increases as the mesh sizes becomes smaller until an optimal mesh size of 1 x 1 cm2 was reached and further decrease in mesh sizes gave no further improvement in the value of 𝒌𝒆𝒇𝒇. The Study concluded that the accuracy in the values of 𝒌𝒆𝒇𝒇 and the smoothness of the neutron distribution curves in 3-D representations depend on the number of mesh points.
DAMPAK PEMANENAN KAYU BERDAMPAK RENDAH TERHADAP KERUSAKAN TEGAKAN TINGGAL DI HUTAN ALAM (Studi Kasus di Areal HPH PT. Suka Jaya Makmur, Kalimantan Barat)
Authors: Muhdi Muhdi , Hanafiah Diana Sofia
Published: May 2018

The objective of the study was to know the degree of residual stand damages caused by conventional timber harvesting and reduced impact logging in natural forest. The study showed that degree of residual stand damages based on tree population in conventional timber harvesting and reduced impact logging was 33.15% and 19.53% respectively. Based on the size injury of every individual tree, the degree of the trees  damages caused by timber harvesting in conventional timber harvesting and reduced impact logging  is as follow : trees heavy injury was 64.66% and 57.20%, trees medium injury was 20.30% and 24.00% and trees light injury was 15.03% and 18.80% respectively. These research results indicate that conventional timber harvesting in the tropical natural forest caused heavier damage on residual stand when compared with a reduced impact logging.
POTENSI TIGA GENUS BAKTERI DARI TIGA RIZOSFER TANAMAN SEBAGAI AGENSIA PENGENDALI HAYATI PENYAKIT LINCAT
Authors: Djatmiko Heru Adi , Arwiyanto Triwidodo , Hadisutrisno Bambang , Sunarminto Bambang Hendro
Published: May 2018

Objectives of this research were to characterize three genera of bacteria isolated from three of crop rhizosphere, and to measure the ability of the antagonistic bacteria in suppressing lincat disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum and Meloidogyne incognita. The research showed that the sixth bacteria were able to utilize some carbon and nitrogen compounds, degrade macromolecules, grew at different temperatures and salt contents, and grew at medium with chitin and pectin.  The bacteria isolated from pepper rhizosphere (Pf51, Ba4, Ba22), groundnut (Pf83), and eggplant (S4 dan S7) was included to fluorescent pseudomonads (Pf51 and Pf 83), Bacillus spp. (Ba4 and Ba22), and Streptomyces spp. (S4 and S7).  The sixth bacteria having the ability in antagonist.  The bacteria isolate having the best ability in suppressing Ralstonia solanacearum and Meloidogyne incognita was Streptomyces spp. (S4). The bacteria isolate having the best ability in suppresssing R. solanacearum by antibiosis and the inhibition mechanism by bacteriostatic was S4
PENGARUH BUNGKIL INTI SAWIT FERMENTASI DALAM PAKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN IKAN MAS ( Cyprinus carpio L.)
Authors: Amri M.
Published: May 2018

The study effect of Fermented Palm Kernel Cage (FPKC) in feed on growth of Cyprinus carpio L. was done to evaluate the utilization of palm kernel cage increasing the quality by fermentation technology as a feed in ration to Cyprinus carpio L. performance and get a good level in ration. This experiment was set in a Randomized Completely Design with four treatments and four replicates.  Treatments were diets with : A (12% PKC), B (15% FPKC),  C (18% FPKC), and D (21% FPKC). Results of experiment indicated that the feed consumption body weight gain, feed conversion and income over feed cost was in proved by 18% FPKC in the diet.
PENGGUNAAN ASAM HUMIK DALAM KULTUR TRAPPING CENDAWAN MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA DARI EKOSISTEM DENGAN SALINITAS TINGGI
Authors: Delvian Delvian
Published: May 2018

It has been reported that humic acid can increase plant growth and benefecial soil microbe population.   A glasshouse experiment was conducted to study the effect of humic acid on growth of host plant and sporulation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under salt stress in trap pot culture. Trap cultures were maintenance at various salinity levels as according to field salinity.  Half of the pots received 2.5% humic acid and control treatment received no humic acid. Result of research indicate that humic acid  can increase growth of host plant and mycorrhizae sporulation at all salinity levels. Acaulospora  is highest   its spore production   followed by of Glomus and Gigaspora .
PADI ORGANIK VERSUS NON ORGANIK: STUDI FISIOLOGI BENIH PADI (Oryza sativa L.) KULTIVAR LOKAL ROJOLELE
Authors: Priadi Dody , Kuswara Tatang , Soetisna Usep
Published: May 2018

Study of the effect of organic and non-organic farming practice of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Rojolele on seed physiology was carried out in Cipanas, West Java (on-farm) and in the laboratory of BSJ3 and greenhouse of RC for Biotechnology  (off-farm). Parameters were recorded particularly on seed germination percentage, water content, dormancy behavior and morphology. On-farm study results showed that germination percentage of organic seeds was higher (88.3% at water content of 13.4%) than those non-organic seeds (20.0% at water content of 10.2%). Results of off-farm study showed that the plant height of those organic seeds was higher than those non-organic seeds. On-farm practice the harvest after 150 days showed that the non-organic seeds produced more yellow grains (44.8%) than those of organic seeds (39.6%). A total grain per plant produced by the non-organic seeds was higher than those organic seeds, however, total percentage of the filled out organic seeds was higher (57.8%) than those non-organic seeds (40.1%). Organic seeds seem to be more dormant than those non-organic seeds after storage for 12 months. Grain weight of both non-organic and organic was 17-19 g per 1000 seeds. Germination of off-farm non-organic seeds was 98.0%, whereas those organic seeds were 95.0% at water content of 10.8% respectively. In view of seed physiology, organic rice quality better than those non- organic because they contain more filled out seeds, even though the organic rice harvesting time longer than those non-organic. Although off-farm study represented seed physiology of either organic or non-organic seeds, on-farm study needs to be further done on all aspects of seed physiology.
PERBANDINGAN METODE DENYUT JANTUNG DENGAN FAKTORIAL UNTUK MENGUKUR ENERGY EXPENDITURE PADA DOMBA KERJA LAKTASI
Authors: Dwatmadji Dwatmadji
Published: May 2018

The use of conventional gaseous exchange methods for measuring animal energy expenditure is technically difficult and not generally feasible for animals working under field conditions. This experiment was held to study comparison of heart rate and factorial method measurements for predicting energy expenditure in working lactating Merino ewes. The ewes used were two years old, having similar liveweight and body condition, and given ad libitum mixed feed of sorghum and lucerne hay containing 13% of crude protein. The “Working” eweswas placed on modified horse treadmill with speed of 0.9 m second-1, 3 hours, load of 10% liveweight, and 0o incline; whereas the “Control” ewes were standing adjacent to opposite group. Energy expenditure was done using Heart-rate method and Factorial method. Heart rate was through measuring air bubble pulse created within the stream of heparinised saline in the jugular catheter. It was observed that mean energy expenditure estimated by using the Heart-Rate method was higher than that derived by the Factorial method and energy expenditure of Working ewes was higher than that of their Control counterparts, during both Work and Recovery periods.
PENGARUH UKURAN BIJI TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN TANAMAN TUMBUH KEMBALI SETELAH RUSAK AKIBAT HERBIVORI
Authors: Erniwati Erniwati
Published: May 2018

The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of seed size in the resprouting ability of seedling after being damaged and whether it correlates with the reserve effect. We grew the seedlings of two species of oak, namely Quercus robur and Quercus  petraea from different seed size, in a greenhouse. The seedlings were harvested at different stages; after emergence, at the first shoot fully developed, and after the seedling had re- grown after the initial shoot was clipped. The result showed that: firstly, at the time of full seedling development, large seeds translocated less percentage of reserve from the seed to seedling. After clipping, the seedlings from large seeds translocated additional resources to the seedling. Secondly, although the larger seed has the larger biomass to re-sprout, the total mass invested in re-sprouting proportional with seedling size. We concluded that the seedlings of larger seeds re-sprout better than those of the smaller seeds. However, we did not find the improved performances correlating with the Reserve Effect Theory
PENENTUAN KOEFISIEN TANAMAN MENGGUNAKAN DATA PENGAMATAN IKLIM DAN INDEX VEGETASI DARI SETELIT NOAA/ AVHRR
Authors: Runtunuwu Eleonora
Published: May 2018

One of the most important parameter of climatic water balance computation is crop coefficient (Kc). Unfortunately, the Kc is one of the most difficult parameter to measure in the field. This paper attempts to determine the crop coefficient by using climate observation data and the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) derived from NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). Calculation using Morton’s Complementary Relationship Areal Evapotranspiration (CRAE) method that used elevation (m), annual precipitation (mm), monthly air temperature ( C), sunshine duration (%), as minimum requirement data, has been applied for more than 900 climatic stations over the Asian region that well documented by FAO-CLIM agroclimatic database to obtain the Kc value. The result was then related to NDVI derived from spectral reflectance of NOAA/AVHRR data. The relation results of NDVI and crop coefficient gave significant linear equation as Kc = 0.08 + 1.83 NDVI, with average correlation coefficient 0.72. It was high over humid area such as in Java island of Indonesia; on the other hand, it was low in semi arid area, such as west part of India. Even the results above were fit only for a specified area; this study has demonstrated a potential use of NOAA image for supplying the crop coefficient value that would be particularly necessary to determine actual evapotranspiration.
TINDAK GEN KETAHANAN TERHADAP PENYAKIT KARAT (Pucinnia arachidis, Speg.) PADA KACANG TANAH
Authors: Santoso Juli
Published: May 2018

The rust disease resistance of groundnut has inherited pattern 9 : 7, indicating that was controlled by double resessive genes. From this fact needs an explanation of gene action, so it can be used as information in the breeding system and selection. The purpose of this research is to know the gene action control, if resistant the rust disease in groundnut. The design used in this experiment was randomized block design with three replications. There were 29 genotypes as treatments (5 genotypes parents, 6 genotypes F1, 6 genotypes F2, 6 genotypes BC1.1 and 6 genotypes BC1.2). The result of the experiment showed that there was a gene non-allelic interaction, mean effect (m) and a dominant gene effect (h) in progeny of Muneng x ICGV 87358 (Six Parameters Mode). However, the gene non-ellelic interaction did not occur in other progenies. Meanwhile progenies of Gajah x ICGV 92088, Gajah x ICGV 87358, Gajah x ICGV 91227 had a mean effect (m) and a aditive gene effect (d), and Muneng x ICGV 92088, Muneng x ICGV 91227 had only a mean effect (m).
VARIASI GENETIK, HERITABILITAS, TINDAK GEN DAN KEMAJUAN GENETIK KEDELAI (Glycine max Merrill) PADA ULTISOL
Authors: Suprapto Suprapto , Kairudin Narimah Md
Published: May 2018

Information on genetic variation, heritability, gene action and genetic advance were important in the development of soybean varieties adapted on Ultisol. The objective of this experiment was to estimate genetic variation, hertability, gene action and genetic advance from the populaton used in breeding program. Six genotypes, i.e Dempo, Cikuray, Davros, Orba, Sindoro and Wilis were intercrossed using diallel Griffings’ Method 2 Model 1 (1956). These six genotypes and 15 F1  hybrids were planted on Ultisol using randomized complete block design with three replications located in Medan Baru village, Bengkulu city in 1999. The results of this experiment revealed that all traits showed low to high genetic variation, high broadsense heritability, low to high narrowsense heritability and genetic advance. Date of flowering and root length were fully controlled by additive gene action, however harvest index was fully controlled by   negative dominant gene action and epistasis. Other traits were controlled by positive and negative partially dominant, and positive overdominant  genes.
KETERKAITAN SEKTOR DAN SEKTOR UTAMA DALAM PEREKONOMIAN PROPINSI BENGKULU: ANALISA INPUT- OUTPUT
Authors: Sukiyono Ketut , Romdhon M. Mustopa , Nabiu Musriyadi
Published: May 2018

The objective of research was to evaluate backward (BL) and forward linkages (FL) and to determine key sectors which have large contribution to Bengkulu economy. The linkages and key sector analyses were applied to the Bengkulu Input-Output Tables 2000. The results showed that the structure of the Bengkulu economy still remain dominated by agricultural sectors.  Three agricultural sectors, i.e, palm oil, other agriculture, husbandary and their products,  were the key sectors in Bengkulu economy indicated by strongest BL and FL indexes and they would be fundamental sectors for economic development in Bengkulu.
UPAYA PEREMAJAAN DAN PENYERAPAN LOGAM MINYAK GORENG BEKAS INDUSTRI MAKANAN TRADISIONAL DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN BIOADSORBEN TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (TKKS)
Authors: Desminarti Susi , Joniarta Edi
Published: May 2018

The research has been carried out in the Processing and Chemistry Laboratory of Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh and Post Harvest Laboratory in Bogor since July until November 2006. The research objectives was to prolong the using time of used cooking oil on food industries through applying the empty fruit bunch of palm bioadsorbent. The optimum condition of TKKS applied were 125 mm size and 5% bioadsorben from the weight of oil (Desminarti dan Rahzarni, 2004). The prolonging of cooking oil application can be done throughrefining used cooking oil so that the part of bad cooking oil can be lremoved. Statistical design used in this research was Completely Randomized Design with four treatments dan three replications. If the result was significant it will be followed by DMRT test on 5% significant level. Based on the experiment could be concluded that that four times titration could produced the oil based on SNI criterya in the relation to the water content (0.23%), peroxide value (0.82%) and free fatty acid value (0.23%) and it could also decrease Fe content from 76ppm to 22 ppm, Cu from 1.2 ppm to 0.40 ppm and Non Urea Adduct Forming (NAF) from 126 ppm to 102 ppm. The bioadsorbent sorption content on water varied from 78% to 80%; peroxide value from 14.71 to 59.80%, free fattyacid from 55.61 to 89.25%, Fe from 68.42 to 71.05%, Cu from 5% to 60% and NAF from 17.46 to 19.05%.
KESESUAIAN LAHAN DAN EVALUASI RUMUS BRAAK UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN TANAMAN KENTANG DI KAKI BUKIT KABA BENGKULU
Authors: Prawito Priyono , Susiani Eka
Published: May 2018

In order to get optimal growth and production, potato (Solanum tuberosum) should be cultivated on suitable land. Principally, land suitability evaluation is fitting land quality with plant growth requirement. The purposesof this study were: (1) to evaluate land suitability for potato cultivation in Bukit Kaba Foot Slope Bengkulu (BKFSB), and (2) to determine the air temperature gradient for Braak equation in calculating air temperature. Landsuitability evaluation has been conducted by overlying the land characteristic map with the potato growth requirement, to produce land suitability classes with various restriction factors. Temperature gradient was calculated by plotting elevation and air temperature data from 3 weather stations into the Braak equation. Land suitability evaluation with area study of 48.410 ha showed that actual area S (marginally suitable with restriction factor of air temperature 20-23 oC) is 5,150.00 ha (10.63%); S 3ts 3t (marginally suitable with restriction factor of air temperature 20-23 oC and slope of 8-15%) is 1.727,50 ha (3.56%); N (not suitable at present with restriction factor of slope 15-25%) is 2,250.00 ha (4.67%); and N2 1s (permanently not suitable with restriction factor of air temperature >23 oC, slope >25%, and protected forest) is 39.282,50 ha (81.14%). The potential area S is 9,127.50 ha (18.86%) and N2 3t  is 39,282.50 ha (81.14%). To extend potato cultivation area in BKFB, new potato cultivars suitable for this area should be selected, and enhancing cultivation system with terrasering especially in slopping land as well ascontour planting should be done. The air temperature gradient in BKFSB area was 0.29 C each 100 m-elevation increase from sea level (0.29 oC hm-1).
Editorial Vol.18
Authors: Tiwari Suresh Babu
Published: May 2018

No abstract available.
Economics of orthodox tea production: a case of Ilam, Nepal
Authors: Tiwari A. , Adhikari K.B. , Dhungana S.M.
Published: May 2018

Research on economic analysis of conventional orthodox tea in Ilam district of Nepal was conducted by selecting Fikkal and Kanyam area of Suryodaya Municipality purposely. The average area under tea cultivation was 0.67 hectares per household in Fikkal area and 0.57 hectares per household in Kanyam area. The average productivity of green leaf in Fikkal area was found slightly higher than Kanyam area. The average cost of green leaf production per ropani in Fikkal area was found higher than Kanyam area. It was more in small category compared to large category in both study area. This signified the principle of economies of scale. Gross margin per hectares was positively correlated with increased farm size in both the study areas. Overall benefit-cost ratio was greater than one in both the study areas. The study revealed the scarcity of quality inputs and inadequate technical knowhow, quick perishability of green leaf, price instability, and unavailability of auction market, weak horizontal coordination and vertical coordination at the different stages of tea value chains were the major problems in the study area.
Use of agrobiodiversity and crop management practices for climate change adaptation in high hill agriculture of Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Yuga N. , Rana Ram B. , Ale Shanti , Poudel Indra , Tamang Bir B.
Published: May 2018

This paper highlights the effects of climate related hazards in crops and the existing adaptation practices in the high hills of Nepal. First, interaction meeting held in Kathmandu decided to select three districts: Humla, Kaski and Solukhumbhu as the representative districts. Second, stakeholder interaction meetings held in respective districts selected three villages: Chhipra from Humla district, Lumle from Kaski district and Takashindu from Solukhumbhu district. Information was acquired using Focus Group Discussion with the use of diversity analysis tools viz. four-cell analysis, noting traits of local crop genetic resources, and matrix ranking of crop varieties. The study found that climate hazards were increasing in recent years affecting farming adversely. Existing adaptation practices included change of crops and cropping pattern and use of alternate crop management strategies. Tourism, low social value attached to traditional crops, inadequate research, and food subsidy and other forms of external support have been identified as the threat to agrobiodiversity conservation in high hills of Nepal. Promotion of agro-tourism, identifying crop varieties tolerant to extreme weather events and their promotion through technology development and value addition have been suggested to combat climate change effects in high hill agriculture in the country.
Conservation and management practices of traditional crop genetic diversity by the farmers: a case from Kailash Sacred Landscape, Nepal
Authors: Aryal Kamal , Poudel Sushmita , Chaudary Ram Prasad , Chettri Nakul , Ning Wu , Shaoliang Yi , Kotru Rajan
Published: May 2018

Crop genetic diversity has been an important source of subsistence livelihoods and nutrition in the remote Himalayan region for local communities. This study documents the crop diversity, their current status and farmer’s knowledge and practices. Study was based on analysis of one local crop diversity fair, 18 key informant surveys, nine focus group discussions and 195 individual household surveys with set questionnaires. The community structure in the study area has female dominance (52%) with average family size of 7.1. The study documents 78 species of various crops which were used as food, vegetables, fruits, medicine, and spices. Highest varietal diversity was recorded in Maize (15), Paddy (12), wheat (11), and beans (10). However, a number of crop varieties are being lost and threatened over the time. Both anthropogenic and natural drivers of changes were reported as the major reason of such loss. Despite loss of crop varieties farmers have been maintaining a wide range of crop and varietal diversity in situ on farm by their own initiatives and experiences. Our study showed that self-saved seed contributed as the major source of planting material through which they are maintaining the crop diversity. However, a detailed study on the seed supply system is needed to support easy access to the farmers. More awareness raising program as well as empowerment of farming communities is essential for the continuation of conservation and management practices.
Competition among wild rice, landrace, improved cultivar and F1 hybrid rice
Authors: Joshi Bal Krishna , Gyawali Sanjaya , Sah Surya Narayan , Chaudhary Rewati Raman
Published: May 2018

Four genotypes, namely Oryza rufipogon, F1 of IR68888A/Chaite-6, Chaite-6 and Ratodhan were grown in crop and competition environment at Rampur, Nepal to study the effect of genotypes mixture on the characters. Univariate, multivariate and correlation methods of analysis were applied. Seven characters namely panicle length, panicle number, grain yield, harvest index, internode length and leaf width showed significantly different response in crop and competition environment. The performance of cultivar was poor in competition environment than hybrid and wild rice. Hybrid and wild rice showed longer panicle length in competition environment. Significant reduction in panicle number was found in cultivars. The pattern of tiller number over the growth period showed that the competition started after 50 days of seeding. Grain yield of cultivars was significantly reduced in competition environment. Considering the most important characters, hybrid was best competitor and local landrace (Ratodhan) was poorest competitor. Significant variations in culm characters were not found between two environments but leaf characters varied significantly. Highest increment in plant height was found in F1 grown in competition than crop environment. Relationship between characters was affected by growing environment. Among 162 pairs of characters r-value of six and 36 pairs were highly significant different from zero in crop and competition environment respectively. Multivariate analysis indicates that growing environment does not suppress the genetic characters. Competition among the tested genotypes exists even in the recommended spacing. Competition should be studied in detail planting at different spacing.
Assessment of productivity and resource use efficiency of rice under different establishment methods and nutrient management in Chitwan condition, Nepal
Authors: Lama Chandika , Marahatta Santosh
Published: May 2018

A field experiment was conducted in sub humid climate of inner terai of Nepal to determine the productivity and economics of rice under direct seeded and transplanted methods under different nutrient management in strip plot design with three replications in 2013, rainy season. The treatment consisted of three tillage methods, conventional tillage direct seeded rice, unpuddled transplanted rice and Puddled transplanted rice and five nutrient management practices Recommended Nitrogen(N), Phosphorous(P) and Potassium(K), 100:30:30 Kg NPK ha-1; Leaf color chart based N + Recommended PK; Farmers’ Practice, 48.30:34.50:0.00 Kg NPK ha-1; 0N + Recommended PK and 150% of Recommended NPK. The result revealed that grain and straw yield were not significant due to crop establishment methods. LCC based N application yield was comparable with 150% of Rec. NPK and Rec. NPK. Saving N on LCC based N management with 41.56 Kg ha-1 and 9.44 Kg N ha-1 over 150% of recommended NPK recommended NPK respectively. Adoption of CT-DSR reduced the total cost of cultivation by 30.13% and B:C ratio by 45.95% over P-TPR. The lower cost, higher benefit and the same production, revealed that LCC based N management under CT-DSR was the best management practices over the conventional P-TPR.
Response of organic manures on post harvest and soil nutrient restoration on cauliflower production
Authors: Basnet Manoj , Shakya Shanta Man , Baral Bandhu Raj
Published: May 2018

This study was conducted at Ilam Municipality-2, Nepal to determine the response of organic manures on post harvest and nutrient restorative effect of cauliflower. Five manures, viz., bansoon, mustard oil cake, poultry manure, farmyard manure, and vermi-compost were evaluated. The postharvest losses, vitamin C content and soil nutrient restorative behavior were significantly highest with vermi-compost as compared to other manures. The maximum vitamin C content of 10.92 mg/100 gm was found with vermi-compost whereas the lowest of 9.66 mg/100 gm was found at farmyard manure. Moreover, the physiological losses were found to be least with vermi compost and the most with bansoon manure. Moreover, the restorative properties i.e. pH, N,P,K and organic %age were found to be significantly highest with vermi-compost as compared to other organic manures. This study concludes that vermi compost increases vitamin C content, postharvest longevity and improvement of physical and chemical properties of the soil.
Food security in South Asia and self-reliance in paddy
Authors: Aryal M , Kandel M.
Published: May 2018

South Asia is world most densely populated region and houses the largest population of undernourished people. It remains the world’s second poorest region with more than 500 million people living on less than US$1.25 per day. Firstly this paper attempts to show the general situation and production trend of paddy, secondly, scrutinizes the role paddy has been playing in the economy and food security so far and that it is still the most potential means to improve the food security situation and tackle severe under-nutrition as other sectors are, until now, far less furnished to address this issue. This paper probes into various economic and historical perspectives of rice economy and culture in this region, and shows that self-sufficiency in paddy production is paramount to its domestic food security, and thereby proposes that emphasis should be given on increased rice production which is decelerating amid expansion of modern economic sectors.
Assessmentof tomato consumption and demand in Nepal
Authors: Ghimire N.P. , Kandel M. , Aryal M. , Bhattarai D.
Published: May 2018

Tomato is also known as the poor man’s apple in Nepal. China is the largest producer of tomato in the world. Tomato is grown throughout the year in recent years in Nepal with the introduction of plastic house for off season production. Secondary information is used to assess the consumption pattern and national demand of tomato in 2015/16 for Nepal. The result showed the import from India is increasing compared to previous years. The reason behind this might be increase in consumption of tomato in recent years in Nepal. The central development region is the highest consumer of tomato compared to other regions of the country. The average national consumption of tomato was found 11.97Kg/person/year in Nepal.
Climate change related policy environment in agriculture and food security in Nepal
Authors: Thakur Shree Bhagavan
Published: May 2018

Agriculture is the main stay of Nepal's economy. This provides about one-third of national GDP and two-third of national employment. Agriculture is highly vulnerable to climate change due to more marginal farmers with small landholding, limited irrigation, low income level, limited institutional capacity, and greater dependency on climate-sensitive natural resources. The adverse effect of climate change on agriculture impacts on farm revenue, employment, income and GDP. Policy formulation in agriculture and food security sector concerning to climate change has become an imperative for poverty reduction, livelihood improvement and economic development. Compliance with global and national agreement, review of existing policy will provide an essential foundation to policy makers, planners and development workers to reform process. This paper intended to find the strength and weaknesses of existing plans, policies, strategies, acts which will support stakeholders in agricultural development.
Government intervention on organic fertilizer promotion: a key to enhancing soil health and environment
Authors: Amgai Sujan , Paudel Santosh Raj , Bista Diwas Raj , Poudel Salik Ram
Published: May 2018

Unilateral use of chemical fertilizers, devoid of organic sources, has led to gradual deterioration of soil health, exacerbating the agricultural productivity. This study focuses on the review the performance, effectiveness and modality of organic manure promotion programmes intervened by MoAD, using secondary datas. Major programmes intervened are: Vermi-compost production, cattle shed improvement, organic fertilizer industries establishment and price subsidy to farmers purchasing organic fertilizers. Study shows that these programs are effective to reduce soil health deterioration by making nutrient rich manure available at local level. Moreover, it has helped to reduce dependency of fertilizers on other countries and to promote sustainable agriculture. Altogether 1495 vermi-compost pits were constructed and 33746 cattle sheds were improved all over the country till FY 2072/73. Converting farm and household organic wastes into organic manure, improvement of the nutrient content of FYM, utilization of cattle urine for plant protection measures were the benefits of these programs. Furthermore, in long run it helps to create green economy by reducing pollution by keeping environment safe and clean.
Increasing productivity of an intensive rice based system through site specific nutrient management in Western Terai of Nepal
Authors: Marahatta Santosh
Published: May 2018

Improving nutrient management through site specific nutrient management (SSNM) can increase grain yield and maintain appropriate yield attributes per unit of fertilizer applied through harmonized uptake, utilization and metabolism of major nutrients. On-farm experiments were conducted from 2011-2013 at Sunawal, Nawalparasi. SSNM dose was calculated by accounting for indigenous nutrient supply, yield goal, nutrient demand and fertilizer efficiency. SSNM decreased nitrogen and phosphorus application by 4 and 28% while demanded 80% more potassium and increased grain yield by 6% over recommended practice. As compared to the farmers fertility management practice (FFP), SSNM increased grain yield by 35%. Reducing 25% of SSNM dose was equally effective as recommended practice of nutrient application. Only improving the potassium application (+32 kg ha-1) on FFP, yield was increased by 17%. Leaf color charts (LCC) improve nitrogen management and proved as crucial component of SSNM as 0.3 t ha-1 more yield over three split nitrogen applications of SSNM dose.
Pollinators diversity and their effects on rapeseed (Brassica campestris L. var. toria) production and productivity in Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Rijal Shiva P. , Thapa Resam B. , Sharma Moha D. , Sah Shrawan K. , GC Yubak Dhoj
Published: May 2018

Crop pollination is crucial for increasing yield, ensuring food security and improving livelihoods. To quantify the response of pollinators on rapeseed, an experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) at three agro-ecological sites: Semi-natural (Megauli), organic (Fulbari) and intensive agriculture (Jutpani) Village Development Committees of Chitwan district in 2012/013 and 20013/014. The treatments were: i) open pollination; ii) plants caged with honeybees (Apis melifera L.); iii) hand pollination; and iv) control (plots caged without pollinators) replicated four times. Pollinators visiting rapeseed flowers, plant height, branch number, siliqua/plant, pods weight/ siliqua, test weight, and seed yield/hectare were recorded. The dominant pollinators were Hymenopterans mostly honeybees. The impact of pollinators on each system resulted in significantly increased yield attributes compared to no-pollination, which clearly indicates the need of integrating managed pollination and pollinators' conservation to sustain rapeseed production in Chitwan through biodiversity-based ecosystem services.
MUTU RAUDHATUL ATHFAL DI KOTA JAMBI DALAM PERSPEKTIF STANDAR PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Saepudin Juju
Published: May 2018

Tulisan ini menyajikan hasil penelitian tentang Mutu Raudhatul Athfal (RA) dalam Perspektif Standar Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) di Kota Jambi. RA adalah lembaga Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini yang berada di jalur formal sederajat dengan Taman Kanak-Kanak (TK). Sebagai satuan pendidikan formal, RA dituntut memenuhi standar pendidikan sebagaimana yang tercantum dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 19 Tahun 2005 tentang Standar Nasional Pendidikan, yang selanjutnya disempurnakan dengan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 23 Tahun 2013. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif selama 25 hari dengan teknik penggalian data melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan studi dokumentasi. Sejumlah temuan penting dari penelitian ini antara lain: (1) RA sasaran penelitian sebagian besar sudah memenuhi standar PAUD, kecuali pada aspek standar tingkat pencapaian perkembangan, standar proses dan standar sarana prasarana; (2) Komunikasi efektif antara guru dan orangtua siswa serta profesionalisme tenaga pendidik merupakan faktor pendukung keberlangsungan RA, sedangkan keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana serta ketiadaan RA Negeri yang berfungsi sebagai model atau pembina merupakan salah satu kendala di lapangan untuk meningkatkan mutu RA, dan; (3) Model pemilihan guru dan kepala RA berprestasi yang dilakukan Kementerian Agama merupakan bagian dari usaha memacu guru untuk meningkatkan kinerjanya yang perlu dipertahankan.Kata Kunci: Mutu, Raudhatul Athfal, Standar PAUD, dan Kota Jambi
RELASI ANTARUMAT BERAGAMA PADA LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN:
Authors: Fikri Mumtazul
Published: May 2018

Tulisan ini menunjukkan, bahwa penerapan syariat Islam di Aceh tetap menjamin kebebasan pendidikan bagi peserta didik lintas agama. Dengan mengambil kasus di Perguruan Kristen Methodist, penulis menemukan, bahwa komunikasi antarbudaya dan agama di Banda Aceh terjadi dalam beberapa interaksi, seperti pedagogis, budaya, dan kerja. Dengan mengamati interaksi yang terjadi di Perguruan Kristen Methodist Banda Aceh, penulis merumuskan model konstruksi harmoni dalam relasi lintas agama dengan mengikuti beberapa langkah: Pertama, saling menghormati budaya etnis lain. Kedua, saling menghindari konflik lintas agama. Ketiga, peran Forum Kerukunan Umat Beragama (FKUB) dalam melakukan dialog antarumat beragama secara berkala dan terencana. Kesimpulannya, harmonisasi tercipta dalam relasi sosial di lembaga pendidikan yang diamati karena multikulturalisme atau keragaman budaya adalah konsep klasik di Aceh. Kata Kunci: Sekolah Non-Muslim, Negosiasi Identitas, Islam-Budha, Kristen Methodist
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL BERBASIS PENGAJARAN DAN PEMBELAJARAN KONTEKSTUAL (CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING) PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPA KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Arnianti Arnianti , M,si Dr.Wardani Rahayu,
Published: May 2018

Artikel ini menggambarkan hasil pengembangan produk modul IPA berbasis Contextual Teachig and Learning (CTL) untuk siswa kelas V di SD Negeri Lenek Lauk Desa Lenek Baru. SD ini sudah teruji kelayakan dan keunggulannya untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar dalam pembelajaran IPA. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi dari hasil analisis kebutuhan pembelajaran IPA di Sekolah Dasar yang kegiatan pembelajarannya berpusat pada guru. Metode penelitian menggunakan uji kelayakan oleh validator dan peserta didik. Hasil uji kelayakan validator oleh ahli media dan ahli materi menunjukkan, bahwa modul IPA berbasis CTL dinilai sangat baik dan layak diujicobakan. Hasil angket uji kelayakan peserta didik pada uji coba perorangan memperoleh skor rata-rata 90,4% (sangat baik) dan pada uji coba kelompok kecil dengan skor rata-rata78,8% (baik). Pada uji coba lapangan, sebanyak 24 orang siswa kelas V Sekolah Dasar Negeri 2 Lenek Lauk dijadikan sampel penelitian. Hasil perhitungan pada uji coba lapangan, bahwa nilai rata-rata post test lebih tinggi (76,17%) dibandingkan nilai rata-rata pre test (59,91%). Artikel ini menunjukkan, bahwa modul IPA berbasis CTL yang sedang dikembangkan memberikan efek potensial terhadap hasil belajar siswa.Kata Kunci: Pengembangan, Modul, IPA, Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL)
POTRET KONSELING MULTIBUDAYA KONSELOR MADRASAH DAN PELATIHAN KOMPETENSI KONSELOR
Authors: Akhmadi Agus
Published: May 2018

Artikel ini mengungkap kesadaran, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan multibudaya konselor MTs dan MA dan pelatihan kompetensi konselor, dengan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah konselor MTs dan MA alumni Diklat Guru Bimbingan dan Konseling pada Balai Diklat Keagamaan Surabaya. Pengumpulan data menggunakan angket untuk mengungkap persepsi konselor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa 26% konselor memiliki persepsi multibudaya tinggi, 60% sedang, dan 14% rendah. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa kesadaran, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan tentang keragaman budaya di antara konselor masih berada di level sedang. Untuk itu, perlu desain model, kurikulum, dan strategi pelatihan berdasarkan analisis kebutuhan bagi konselor madrasah. Kesimpulannya, keragaman budaya adalah kehendak Allah agar manusia saling mengenal (ta’?raf?). Dalam layanan konseling multibudaya, setiap konseli memiliki keragaman budaya, sehingga perlu konseling yang empati terhadap perbedaan dan keragaman budaya. Konselor perlu memiliki kesadaran, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan multibudaya agar layanan konseling efektif dan efisien. Kata Kunci: Konseling Multibudaya, Konselor, Madrasah, Pelatihan
PENELITIAN FIQIH:
Authors: Sakirman Sakirman
Published: May 2018

Tulisan ini mengkaji tentang penelitian fiqih sebagai contoh peran penelitian hukum Islam yang didasari atas wacana munculnya u??l fiqh sebagai metode ijtihad mempunyai peran yang cukup signifikan dalam penelitian dan pengembangan hukum Islam. Sebagai metodologi, u??l fiqh mengalami perkembangan seiring dengan perkembangan zaman. Bahkan, u??l fiqh mempunyai karakteristik yang berbeda antar-mazhab. Kajian ini memaparkan peran u??l fiqh dalam penemuan dan pembentukan hukum Islam. Melalui tulisan ini dipaparkan mulai dari definisi, sejarah perkembangan, objek kajian dan sekilas tentang aliran u??l fiqh. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga memaparkan tentang model dan tipologi penelitian u??l fiqh. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam pembahasan penelitian ini adalah pendekatan historis, dengan memaparkan perkembangan u??l fiqh berdasarkan kurun waktu. Berdasarkan kajian ini dapat diketahui bahwa sebagai metode penemuan hukum, u??l fiqh merupakan bagian dari metode penelitian hukum Islam secara umum. Penelitian hukum Islam secara keseluruhan dibedakan ke dalam dua bidang besar, yaitu penelitian hukum Islam deskriptif dan penelitian hukum Islam preskriptif. Penelitian hukum Islam deskriptif meneropong hukum Islam sebagai suatu fenomena sosial yang berinteraksi dengan gejala-gejala sosial.Kata Kunci: U??l fiqh, metodologi, hukum Islam, penelitian hukum
KERUKUNAN UMAT BERAGAMA DI KOTA SURAKARTA:
Authors: Nuriyanto Lilam Kadarin
Published: May 2018

Tulisan ini membahas seputar hubungan antara masjid dan gereja yang berdekatan letaknya dalam mewujudkan kerukunan antarumat beragama di Kota Surakarta, dan untuk menemukan faktor-faktor pendukung dan penghambatnya. Sasaran penelitian ini adalah pengurus tempat ibadah, tokoh agama, tokoh masyarakat, serta pengurus kampung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Dengan pendekatan ini, artikel ini mendeskripsikan sebuah fenomena secara menyeluruh, mendalam, dan analitis mengenai konsep kerukunan yang telah lama dibangun oleh masyarakat pada kedua tempat ibadah tersebut. Studi ini menemukan, bahwa pengelolaan Masjid Al Furqon dan Gereja Bethel Injil Sepenuh Nafiri Sion Karangturi, Kota Surakarta menggunakan pendekatan interaksi sosial asosiatif, sehingga dapat terbangun kerukunan.Kata Kunci: Kerukunan, Muslim, Kristen, rumah ibadah
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR IPA BERBASIS SETS PADA SISWA MTsN 1 KENDARI
Authors: Kadir Abdul
Published: May 2018

This study aims to produce the valid SETS-based science teaching materials for the practical and effective use in improving student learning outcomes on environmental pollution materials. This research is Research and Development with pretest-posstest one group design implemented at VII class’ students of MTsN 1 Kendari in the second semester of academic year 2015/2016. The instruments of the study are valid and reliable observations, questionnaires and cognitive tests to obtain the required data. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique is using descriptive and inferential analysis after meeting the normality and homogeneity requirements test. The results indicate; 1) the results of the validity of the SETS-based science test materials by the material and media experts which are valid and highly feasible materials to use, 2) the product practicality test results in small and large group samples which include all aspects considered to be generally implemented as a whole, and 3) the product effectiveness test results obtained through the average test of student learning outcomes before and after treatment which is significantly different, meaning that students' learning outcomes after treatment is increase. While the response of students and teachers on teaching materials used both in small and large group samples are both very good and suitable to use as a learning material on environmental contamination material in MTsN 1 Kendari.
LEGALITAS PEMILIHAN KEPALA DAERAH (Analisis Terhadap PERPPU Nomor 1 Tahun 2014)
Authors: Ahmadi Ahmadi
Published: May 2018

This paper raises the theme of Legal Selection of Governors, Regents and Mayors with a focus on reviewing the issuance of PERPPU No. 1 of 2014. The subjects are classified in three (3) substances namely; to reveal the legal construction of the Election of Regional Head Election Act, to investigate the Legality of Procedural Issuance of Perppu No. 1 of 2014, and to analyze the Legal Implications it caused. The results of this study indicate that first, the Constitutional Court's Construction of Law is influenced by the political constellation in parliament. Since 2004-2016, Election Law includes seven rules in the form of Laws, two rules in the form of Perppu, and two in the form of Government Regulation. Second, the issuance of Perppu No. 1 of 2014 on the Election of Regional Head is the President's formal right, administrative parameters on the substantial requirements of the issuance of the Perppu have not been regulated, resulting in weak protection against the exact issuance of the Perppu. The effectiveness of the Perppu is influenced by the President's power network. Third, the Perppu as the President's subjective authority requires the setting of explicit terms for the proper issuance, and not prioritizing the political aspect of the Power's interest
POLA PENDIDIKAN DAN POLA DAKWAH ISLAMIC CENTRE MU’ADZ BIN JABAL (ICM) DI KOTA KENDARI
Authors: Zainal Asliah
Published: May 2018

Modernization and globalization in the world is characterized by the proliferation of modern religious institutions that attract people. This study attempts to analyze one institution namely Islamic Center Mu’adz bin Jabal (ICM) in Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi. This study indicates that regarded as the Muslim community center with initiation to embrace all groups of society, the program of ICM focuses on education, dakwah, social activities, and other community services. The education curriculum of this institution is using decentralized curriculum called thafidz Al-Quran, the development of infrastructures, and educational programs for kindergarten, elementary school, junior and senior high school. Meanwhile, the pattern of dakwah conducted by ICM is to provide adequate Islamic material, pengajian accessibility targeting every level of community as well as to use social media such as radio, ebsite, and facebook to do dakwah. With the pattern of education and dakwah are offered, ICM receives signifficantly positive response and interest from communities around, also strengthened by the progression of infrastructure development which is relatively faster compared to other educational institutions in Kendari. Moreover, this study confirms that the spirituality of urban society in Kendari obtains the suitable locus because Islamic Centre Mu’adz bin Jabal as the alternative solution to fulfill the religious need of society for any ideology.
PEREMPUAN KEPALA KELUARGA DAN PENCARI NAFKAH DI PASAR BARUGA KOTA KENDARI DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Asni Asni
Published: May 2018

This study focuses on the role of women as a head of a family, especially who work as a trader in Baruga Market of Kendari to fulfill their families’ needs. This research is a descriptive qualitative study. The data are collected from the interviews of the widows and the head of the Baruga Market, complemented by the results of observation on the activities of the widows in the market. The results indicate that the widows have a very significant role to finance their family. In the Islamic law perspective, this is relevant to aspects of maintenance of offspring as part of the maqasid al-shari'a theory. On the other hand, they have many problems, such as, employment, social, economic problems and the problems related to their families. While the strategies to solve their problems are creating a work motivation, organize family expenses, maintain good relations with the others, do marketing strategy and manage the time between family and work affairs. The implications of this research are the need for special attention from the government, social organizations and society to women as a head of a family and the need to strengthen their position by the state on a normative side and in terms of policies that could improve their lives