bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Encapsulation of LnIII Ions/Dyes within a Microporous Anionic MOF by Post‐synthetic Ionic Exchange Serving as a LnIII Ion Probe and Two‐Color Luminescent Sensors
Authors: Zhao Shu‐Na , Song Xue‐Zhi , Zhu Min , Meng Xing , Wu Lan‐Lan , Feng Jing , Song Shu‐Yan , Zhang Hong‐Jie
Published: May 2015

A new anionic framework {[Me2NH2]0.125[In0.125(H2L)0.25]⋅xDMF}n (1) with one‐dimensional (1D) channels along the c axis of about 13.06×13.06 Å2, was solvothermally synthesized and well characterized. Post‐synthetic cation exchange of 1 with Eu3+, Tb3+, Dy3+, Sm3+ afforded lanthanide(III)‐loaded materials, Ln3+@1, with different luminescent behavior, indicating that compound 1 could be used as a potential luminescent probe toward different lanthanide(III) ions. Additionally, compound 1 exhibits selective adsorption ability toward cationic dyes. Moreover, the RhB@1 realized the probing of different organic solvent molecules by tuning the energy transfer efficiency between two different emissions, especially for sensing DMF. This work highlights the practical application of luminescent guest@MOFs as sensors, and it paves the way toward other one/multi‐color luminescent host–guest systems by rational selection of MOF hosts and guest chromophores with suitable emissive colors and energy levels.
Carboxylate Assisted Ni‐Catalyzed CH Bond Allylation of Benzamides
Authors: Barsu Nagaraju , Kalsi Deepti , Sundararaju Basker
Published: May 2015

A one‐step synthetic method was developed for allylation of benzamides using Ni(COD)2/RCO2H and [Ni(μ‐H2O)(OOCCMe3)2(HOOCCMe3)2]2 (A′) catalytic system. Efficient, well‐defined, air and moisture‐stable Ni–pivalate complex was isolated and employed in catalytic allylation. The influence of solvent on product selectivity was also investigated.
Carboxylate‐Driven Supramolecular Assemblies of Protonated meso‐Aryl‐Substituted Dipyrrolylpyrazoles
Authors: Maeda Hiromitsu , Chigusa Kengo , Yamakado Ryohei , Sakurai Tsuneaki , Seki Shu
Published: May 2015

Dipyrrolylpyrazole (dpp) derivatives possessing an aryl ring at the pyrazole 4‐position were synthesized. Upon protonation, modified dpp derivatives formed a variety of assembled structures through complexation with carboxylates, as observed by single‐crystal X‐ray and synchrotron XRD analyses. In particular, the complexation of protonated dpp species possessing long alkyl chains with dicarboxylates resulted in highly ordered assembled structures, the packing modes of which as lamellar structures were controlled by the lengths of the spacer units between two carboxylate moieties. The charge‐carrier transporting properties of the solid materials were also controlled by bound anions, including dicarboxylates.
Copper–Carbene Intermediates in the Copper‐Catalyzed Functionalization of OH Bonds
Authors: Pereira Ana , Champouret Yohan , Martín Carmen , Álvarez Eleuterio , Etienne Michel , Belderraín Tomás R. , Pérez Pedro J.
Published: May 2015

Copper–carbene [TpxCuC(Ph)(CO2Et)] and copper–diazo adducts [TpxCu{η1‐N2C(Ph)(CO2Et)}] have been detected and characterized in the context of the catalytic functionalization of OH bonds through carbene insertion by using N2C(Ph)(CO2Et) as the carbene source. These are the first examples of these type of complexes in which the copper center bears a tridentate ligand and displays a tetrahedral geometry. The relevance of these complexes in the catalytic cycle has been assessed by NMR spectroscopy, and kinetic studies have demonstrated that the N‐bound diazo adduct is a dormant species and is not en route to the formation of the copper–carbene intermediate.
Synthesis and Characterization of Far‐Red/NIR‐Fluorescent BODIPY Dyes, Solid‐State Fluorescence, and Application as Fluorescent Tags Attached to Carbon Nano‐onions
Authors: Bartelmess Juergen , Baldrighi Michele , Nardone Valentina , Parisini Emilio , Buck David , Echegoyen Luis , Giordani Silvia
Published: May 2015

A series of π‐extended distyryl‐substituted boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivatives with intense far‐red/near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence was synthesized and characterized, with a view to enhance the dye’s performance for fluorescence labeling. An enhanced brightness was achieved by the introduction of two methyl substituents in the meso positions on the phenyl group of the BODIPY molecule; these substituents resulted in increased structural rigidity. Solid‐state fluorescence was observed for one of the distyryl‐substituted BODIPY derivatives. The introduction of a terminal bromo substituent allows for the subsequent immobilization of the BODIPY fluorophore on the surface of carbon nano‐onions (CNOs), which leads to potential imaging agents for biological and biomedical applications. The far‐red/NIR‐fluorescent CNO nanoparticles were characterized by absorption, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopies, as well as by thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic light scattering, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, and confocal microscopy.
Liquid‐Phase Synthesis of 2′‐Methyl‐RNA on a Homostar Support through Organic‐Solvent Nanofiltration
Authors: Gaffney Piers R. J. , Kim Jeong F. , Valtcheva Irina B. , Williams Glynn D. , Anson Mike S. , Buswell Andrew M. , Livingston Andrew G.
Published: May 2015

Due to the discovery of RNAi, oligonucleotides (oligos) have re‐emerged as a major pharmaceutical target that may soon be required in ton quantities. However, it is questionable whether solid‐phase oligo synthesis (SPOS) methods can provide a scalable synthesis. Liquid‐phase oligo synthesis (LPOS) is intrinsically scalable and amenable to standard industrial batch synthesis techniques. However, most reported LPOS strategies rely upon at least one precipitation per chain extension cycle to separate the growing oligonucleotide from reaction debris. Precipitation can be difficult to develop and control on an industrial scale and, because many precipitations would be required to prepare a therapeutic oligonucleotide, we contend that this approach is not viable for large‐scale industrial preparation. We are developing an LPOS synthetic strategy for 2′‐methyl RNA phosphorothioate that is more amenable to standard batch production techniques, using organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) as the critical scalable separation technology. We report the first LPOS‐OSN preparation of a 2′‐Me RNA phosphorothioate 9‐mer, using commercial phosphoramidite monomers, and monitoring all reactions by HPLC, 31P NMR spectroscopy and MS.
ChemInform Abstract: Physicochemical Characterization Techniques for Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Principles and Limitations
Authors: Kathe Niranjan , Henriksen Brian , Chauhan Harsh
Published: May 2015

Review: 141 refs.
Transitional Metal/Chalcogen Dependant Interactions of Hairpin DNA with Transition Metal Dichalcogenides, MX2
Authors: Loo Adeline Huiling , Bonanni Alessandra , Sofer Zdenek , Pumera Martin
Published: May 2015

Owing to the attractive properties that transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) display, they have found recent application in the fabrication of biosensing devices. These devices involve the immobilization of a recognition element such as DNA onto the surface of TMDs. Therefore, it is imperative to examine the interactions between TMDs and DNA. Herein, we explore the effect of different transition metals (Mo and W) and chalcogens (S and Se) on the interactions between hairpin DNA and TMDs of both bulk and t‐BuLi exfoliated forms. We discovered that the interactions are strongly dependent on the metal/chalcogen composition in TMDs.
Analyses and techniques for phase noise reduction in CMOS Colpitts oscillator topology
Authors: Chlis Ilias , Pepe Domenico , Zito Domenico
Published: May 2015

This paper reports the analyses of three techniques for phase noise reduction in the complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) Colpitts oscillator circuit topology. Namely, the three techniques are inductive degeneration, noise filter, and optimum current density. The design of the circuit topology is carried out in 28‐nm bulk CMOS technology. The analytical expression of the oscillation frequency is derived and validated through circuit simulations. Moreover, the theoretical analyses of the three techniques are carried out and verified by means of circuit simulations within a commercial design environment. The results obtained for the inductive degeneration and noise filter show the existence of an optimum inductance for minimum phase noise. The results obtained for the optimum bias current density technique applied to a Colpitts oscillator circuit topology incorporating either inductive degeneration or noise filter show the existence of an optimum bias current density for minimum phase noise. Overall, the analyses show that the adoption of these techniques may lead to a potential phase noise reduction up to 19 dB at a 1‐MHz frequency offset for an oscillation frequency of 10 GHz. © 2015 The Authors International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Planar and Nonplanar Shock Waves in a Degenerate Quantum Plasma
Authors: Ema S. A. , Hossen M. R. , Mamun A. A.
Published: May 2015

The nonlinear propagation of modified electron‐acoustic (mEA) shock waves in an unmagnetized, collisionless, relativistic, degenerate quantum plasma (containing non‐relativistic degenerate inertial cold electrons, both nonrelativistic and ultra‐relativistic degenerate hot electron and inertial positron fluids, and positively charged static ions) has been investigated theoretically. The well‐known Burgers type equation has been derived for both planar and nonplanar geometry by employing the reductive perturbation method. The shock wave solution has also been obtained and numerically analyzed. It has been observed that the mEA shock waves are significantly modified due to the effects of degenerate pressure and other plasma parameters arised in this investigation. The properties of planar Burgers shocks are quite different from those of nonplanar Burgers shocks. The basic features and the underlying physics of shock waves, which are relevant to some astrophysical compact objects (viz. non‐rotating white dwarfs, neutron stars, etc.), are briefly discussed. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Aberrant NK cell associated marker (CD56 and CD57) expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Dorwal Pranav , Mehra Simmi , Pande Amit , Jain Dharmendra , Smeeta G. , Sachdev Ritesh , Raina Vimarsh
Published: May 2015

Background

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is one of the commonest leukemias that has been reported extensively throughout the literature. The characteristic phenotype includes co‐expression of CD5 and CD23, along with dim expression of light chain and CD22/CD79b, with lack of FMC7. The immunophenotypic scoring system given by Matutes has been used to differentiate CLL from non‐CLL chronic lymphoproliferative disorders. Various aberrancies have been described in CLL cases, including abnormal (dim or bright) expression of B cell markers and lineage infidel T cell, myelomonocytic, or rarely Natural killer (NK) cells markers. However, the aberrant co‐expression of CD56 and CD57 has not yet been reported.

Method and Results

We hereby report a case of 62‐year female with a typical CLL phenotype and Matutes score of 5, showing the expression of CD56 and CD57.

Conclusion

This entity may represent a rare subtype of CLL which needs to be studied more extensively for its prognostic implications. This is the first report of CLL with aberrant CD56 and CD57 expression. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Canonical wnt signaling is required for commissural axon guidance
Authors: Avilés Evelyn C. , Stoeckli Esther T.
Published: May 2015

Morphogens have been identified as guidance cues for postcrossing commissural axons in the spinal cord. Shh has a dual effect on postcrossing commissural axons: a direct repellent effect mediated by Hhip as a receptor, and an indirect effect by shaping a Wnt activity gradient. Wnts were shown to be attractants for postcrossing commissural axons in both chicken and mouse embryos. In mouse, the effects of Wnts on axon guidance were concluded to depend on the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway. Canonical Wnt signaling was excluded based on the absence of axon guidance defects in mice lacking Lrp6 which is an obligatory coreceptor for Fzd in canonical Wnt signaling. In the loss‐of‐function studies reported here, we confirmed a role for the PCP pathway in postcrossing commissural axon guidance also in the chicken embryo. However, taking advantage of the precise temporal control of gene silencing provided by in ovo RNAi, we demonstrate that canonical Wnt signaling is also required for proper guidance of postcrossing commissural axons in the developing spinal cord. Thus, axon guidance does not seem to depend on any one of the classical Wnt signaling pathways but rather involve a network of Wnt receptors and downstream components. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 190–208, 2016
Differentiation potential of individual olfactory c‐Kit+ progenitors determined via multicolor lineage tracing
Authors: Goss Garrett M. , Chaudhari Nirupa , Hare Joshua M. , Nwojo Raphael , Seidler Barbara , Saur Dieter , Goldstein Bradley J.
Published: May 2015

Olfactory tissue undergoes lifelong renewal, due to the presence of basal neural stem cells. Multiple categories of globose basal stem cells have been identified, expressing markers such as Lgr5, Ascl1, GBC‐2, and c‐Kit. The differentiation potential of individual globose cells has remained unclear. Here, we utilized Cre/loxP lineage tracing with a multicolor reporter system to define c‐Kit+ cell contributions at clonal resolution. We determined that reporter expression permitted identification of c‐Kit derived progeny with fine cellular detail, and that clones were found to be comprised by neurons only, microvillar cells only, microvillar cells and neurons, or gland/duct cells. Quantification of reporter‐labeled cells indicated that c‐Kit+ cells behave as transit amplifying or immediate precursors, although we also found evidence for longer‐term c‐Kit+ cell contributions. Our results from the application of multicolor fate mapping delineate the clonal contributions of c‐Kit+ cells to olfactory epithelial renewal, and provide novel insight into tissue maintenance of an adult neuroepithelium. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 241–251, 2016
Acyclic Amido‐Containing Silanechalcogenones
Authors: Chan Yuk‐Chi , Li Yongxin , Ganguly Rakesh , So Cheuk‐Wai
Published: May 2015

Reactions of the amidinate‐stabilized silicon(II) bis(trimethylsilyl)amide [LSiN(SiMe3)2], {L = PhC(NtBu)2, 1} with a stiochiometric amount of elemental sulfur, selenium and tellurium afforded the first stable silanechalcogenones comprising an acyclic amido substituent [L{N(SiMe3)2}Si=E] {E = S (2), Se (3) or Te (4)}. All compounds were characterized by X‐ray crystallography and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. The results illustrate that these compounds possess some silicon–chalcogen double bond character.
Benzoato and Thiobenzoato Ligands in the Synthesis of Dinuclear Palladium(III) and ‐(II) Compounds: Stability and Catalytic Applications
Authors: Estevan Francisco , Ibáñez Susana , Ofori Albert , Hirva Pipsa , Sanaú Mercedes , Úbeda Ma Angeles
Published: May 2015

New palladium(III) compounds of formula Pd2[(C6H4)PPh2]2[OXC(C6H5)]2Cl2[3a(X = O);3b(X = S)] were obtained by the oxidation of the analogous palladium(II) ones with PhICl2and were characterized by31P,1H, and13C NMR spectroscopy at 223 K. Compound3awas also structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction methods, which revealed a Pd–Pd distance of 2.5212(10) Å. DFT calculations were conducted to study the stability of all of these new palladium(III) and ‐(II) compounds with focus on the influence of the O↔S substitution of the donor atom in the ligand. The palladium(II) compounds Pd2[(C6H4)PPh2]2[OXC(C6H5)]2[2a(X = O),2b(X = S)] were also tested as precatalyst in two reactions: (1) the acetoxylation of 2‐phenylpyridine and (2) the room‐temperature 2‐phenylation of indoles. Compound2bis a better precatalyst than2ain the first reaction (4 h; isolated yield, 67.5 vs. 50.4 %). In the second catalytic reaction, isolated yields of 97 (10 h, substrate: 1‐methylindole) and 99 % (24 h, substrate: indole) were obtained with2aas the precatalyst, whereas2bgave low or no conversion.
Synthesis and Characterization of Frustrated Spin Ladders SrFe2S2O and SrFe2Se2O
Authors: Huh Sungjoon , Prots Yurii , Adler Peter , Tjeng Liu Hao , Valldor Martin
Published: May 2015

Chemical pressure was introduced by replacing Ba atoms with Sr atoms in the spin‐ladder compounds AEFe2Ch2O (AE = Ba, Sr; Ch = S, Se). Powders and small single crystals of SrFe2S2O and SrFe2Se2O were synthesized from SrO, Fe, and Ch (S, Se). X‐ray diffraction data were used to determine the crystal structures, which showed prominent magnetic ladderlike sublattices. The Mössbauer spectra of SrFe2S2O and SrFe2Se2O suggest the presence of localized divalent Fe ions in the FeCh3O structural units (distorted e3t23 configuration, S = 2). Single sharp hyperfine patterns at 5 K indicate the formation of simple antiferromagnetic ground states. The spin‐ordering transitions (TN) were determined by magnetic, resistivity, and specific heat data to be 216 and 228 K for SrFe2S2O and SrFe2Se2O, respectively. At ca. 540 K, both compounds exhibit a similar broad maximum in χ (Tχmax). In comparison with BaFe2S2O and BaFe2Se2O, the Sr homologues have higher Tχmax values, which suggest stronger intersite exchange interactions in accordance with the chemical pressure from the replacement of Sr atoms with Ba atoms. However, the lower Néel temperatures for the Sr homologues supports the idea that magnetic frustration is present, and it clearly has to be considered for this group of compounds.
Azonia Aromatic Cations by Ring‐Closing Metathesis: Synthesis of Azaquinolizinium Cations
Authors: Abengózar Alberto , Abarca Beatriz , Cuadro Ana M. , Sucunza David , Álvarez‐Builla Julio , Vaquero Juan J.
Published: May 2015

A strategy based on a ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) reaction of pyridinium azadienes in the presence of the second generation Grubbs catalyst was employed as a new approach to synthesize the 1‐azaquinolizinium (pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐5‐ium) heterocycle and some simple derivatives. This method was also successfully applied to the first reported synthesis of the benzo‐1‐azaquinolizinium (pyrimido[2,1‐a]isoquinolinium) cation by using the Hoveyda–Grubbs catalyst in Cl2CHCHCl2 at 130 °C.
Sulfate Anion as a pH‐Switchable Template: Three‐State Switchable Systems Based on Diamidocarbazoles
Authors: Bąk Krzysztof M. , Chmielewski Michał J.
Published: May 2015

The sulfate anion SO42– – one of the most powerful and versatile anionic templates – can be reversibly “switched off” in aprotic solvents by protonation to the very weakly binding anion HSO4–. This sharp ON/OFF behaviour opens new opportunities for switching and manipulation of anion templated supramolecular systems, such as reversible folding/unfolding, assembly/disassembly or induction of mechanical motions. As a proof of concept, two new acid/base switchable three‐state systems are presented here.
Wetted‐wall column study on CO2 absorption kinetics enhancement by additive of nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Tao , Yu Wei , Fang Mengxiang , He Hui , Xiang Qunyang , Ma Qinhui , Xia Menglin , Luo Zhongyang , Cen Kefa
Published: May 2015

Nanoparticles suspended in solutions are considered to have the potential to enhance gas‐liquid mass transfer and have been studied for gas separation. In order to reveal the mechanisms of kinetics enhancement, the diffusion and reaction process should be carefully examined. In this paper, CO2 absorption kinetics of amine‐based solutions with additive of SiO2 and Al2O3 nanoparticles were investigated by wetted‐wall column experiments. Measurements at different conditions, including solid loading, pressure, and solvent flow rate, show a significant enhancement on CO2 absorption kinetics. The experiment and model analysis indicate that the micro convective motion induced by particle Brownian movement plays a primary role in mass transfer enhancement. Three solutions, MEA, MDEA, and PZ which have different kinetics were selected to study the impact of nanoparticles on absorption kinetics of solutions with different reaction rate. It is interesting to find that the increased ratio of absorption kinetics by nanoparticle follows the same order with increased solvent reaction rate with CO2, which is PZ > MEA > MDEA. The wetted‐wall kinetic model indicates that a diffusion controlled kinetics for PZ solution could result in much more significant kinetic enhancement with additives of nanoparticles. By operation conditions optimization, the liquid side mass transfer rate of MEA solution can be increased over 15%.© 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
An Involvement of PI3‐K/Akt Activation and Inhibition of AIF Translocation in Neuroprotective Effects of Undecylenic Acid (UDA) Against Pro‐Apoptotic Factors‐Induced Cell Death in Human Neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y Cells
Authors: Jantas Danuta , Piotrowski Marek , Lason Wladyslaw
Published: May 2015

Undecylenic acid (UDA), a naturally occurring 11‐carbon unsaturated fatty acid, has been used for several years as an economical antifungal agent and a nutritional supplement. Recently, the potential usefulness of UDA as a neuroprotective drug has been suggested based on the ability of this agent to inhibit μ‐calpain activity. In order to verify neuroprotective potential of UDA, we tested protective efficacy of this compound against cell damage evoked by pro‐apoptotic factors (staurosporine and doxorubicin) and oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide) in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells. We showed that UDA partially protected SH‐SY5Y cells against the staurosporine‐ and doxorubicin‐evoked cell death; however, this effect was not connected with its influence on caspase‐3 activity. UDA decreased the St‐induced changes in mitochondrial and cytosolic AIF level, whereas in Dox‐model it affected only the cytosolic AIF content. Moreover, UDA (1–40 μM) decreased the hydrogen peroxide‐induced cell damage which was connected with attenuation of hydrogen peroxide‐mediated necrotic (PI staining, ADP/ATP ratio) and apoptotic (mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase‐3 activation, AIF translocation) changes. Finally, we demonstrated that an inhibitor of PI3‐K/Akt (LY294002) but not MAPK/ERK1/2 (U0126) pathway blocked the protection mediated by UDA in all tested models of SH‐SY5Y cell injury. These in vitro data point to UDA as potentially effective neuroprotectant the utility of which should be further validated in animal studies. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 2882–2895, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Results in Substantial Changes of Ecto‐Nucleotides Metabolism
Authors: Roszek Katarzyna , Porowińska Dorota , Bajek Anna , Hołysz Marcin , Czarnecka Joanna
Published: May 2015

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are population of adult stem cells and attractive candidates for cartilage repair due to their chondrogenic potential. Purinergic compounds (purinergic receptors and ecto‐enzymes metabolizing nucleotides), together with nucleotides/nucleosides present in the extracellular environment, are known to play a key role in controlling the stem cells biological potential to proliferate and differentiate. Despite the available literature pointing to the importance of purinergic signaling in controlling the fate of MSCs, the research results linking nucleotides and ecto‐nucleotidases with MSCs chondrogenic differentiation are indigent. Therefore, the aim of presented study was the characterization of the ecto‐nucleotides hydrolysis profile and ecto‐enzymes expression in human umbilical cord‐derived MSCs and chondrogenically induced MSCs. We described substantial changes of ecto‐nucleotides metabolism and ecto‐enzymes expression profiles resulting from chondrogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord‐derived MSCs. The increased rate of ADP hydrolysis, measured by ecto‐nucleotidases activity, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of cartilage formation and resorption. Despite the increased level of NTPDase1 and NTPDase3 mRNA expression in chondrogenically induced MSCs, their activity toward ATP remains quite low. Supported by the literature data, we hypothesize that structure–function relationships in chondrogenic lineage dictate the direction of nucleotides metabolism. In early neocartilage tissue, the beneficial role of ATP in improving biomechanical properties of cartilage does not necessitate the high rate of enzymatic ATP degradation. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 2915–2923, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stable Incretin Mimetics Counter Rapid Deterioration of Bone Quality in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mansur Sity Aishah , Mieczkowska Aleksandra , Bouvard Béatrice , Flatt Peter R. , Chappard Daniel , Irwin Nigel , Mabilleau Guillaume
Published: May 2015

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with a high risk for bone fractures. Although bone mass is reduced, bone quality is also dramatically altered in this disorder. However, recent evidences suggest a beneficial effect of the glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) pathways on bone quality. The aims of the present study were to conduct a comprehensive investigation of bone strength at the organ and tissue level; and to ascertain whether enzyme resistant GIP or GLP‐1 mimetic could be beneficial in preventing bone fragility in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Streptozotocin‐treated mice were used as a model of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Control and streptozotocin‐diabetic animals were treated for 21 days with an enzymatic‐resistant GIP peptide ([D‐Ala2]GIP) or with liraglutide (each at 25 nmol/kg bw, ip). Bone quality was assessed at the organ and tissue level by microCT, qXRI, 3‐point bending, qBEI, nanoindentation, and Fourier‐transform infrared microspectroscopy. [D‐Ala2]GIP and liraglutide treatment did prevent loss of whole bone strength and cortical microstructure in the STZ‐injected mice. However, tissue material properties were significantly improved in STZ‐injected animals following treatment with [D‐Ala2]GIP or liraglutide. Treatment of STZ‐diabetic mice with [D‐Ala2]GIP or liraglutide was capable of significantly preventing deterioration of the quality of the bone matrix. Further studies are required to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved and to validate whether these findings can be translated to human patients. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 3009–3018, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of Dihydroindolo[2,3‐c]carbazole as Potential Telomerase Inhibitor
Authors: Carvajal‐Miranda Yendry , Pérez‐Salazar Roy , Varela Jesús A.
Published: May 2015

The dictyodendrins A–E were the first marine natural products that show inhibition of telomerase. A versatile and convergent route was described for the synthesis of derivatives of these pyrrolo[2,3‐c]carbazole alkaloids as potential inhibitors of telomerase, by cyclotrimerization [2 + 2 + 2] of ruthenium‐catalyzed diynamides diarylacetylenes.
Synthesis of Naphthalene Functionalized Trans‐2,3‐dihydrofuro[3,2‐c]coumarins as Antioxidant and Anthelmintic Agents
Authors: Wadhwa Deepak , Arora Varun , Arora Loveena , Arora Pragi , Parkash Om
Published: May 2015

A series of trans‐2,3‐dihydrofuro[3,2‐c]coumarins (4) has been synthesized by a one‐pot multicomponent reaction by aromatic aldehydes, 4‐hydroxycoumarin, α‐tosyloxyketones, and pyridine using triethylamine as catalysts in acetonitrile. The synthesized compounds were then screened for their antioxidant and anthelmintic activities.
Synthesis and Insecticidal Efficacy of Novel Bis Quinazolinone Derivatives
Authors: Elshahawi Manal M. , EL‐Ziaty Ahmed K. , Morsy Jehan M. , Aly Aly F.
Published: May 2015

A novel bis benzoxazin‐4‐one derivative has been synthesized and utilized to construct a new series of bis quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one derivatives via the reactions with different nitrogen nucleophiles namely, primary amines (ammonia, ethanolamine, and 4‐aminoantipyrine), secondary amines (morpholine and piperidine), diamine (o‐phenylenediamine), hydrazine hydrate, and hydroxylamine. The insecticidal efficacy of newly synthesized compounds was also studied. The structural features of the synthesized compounds were assigned by spectral analysis.
An Efficient Route to Pyridazino[4, 3‐e][1, 3, 4]thiadiazines
Authors: Nikpour Mohsen , Gholami Mahmoud , Molashahi Ebrahim
Published: May 2015

Some new 3‐(alkylsulfanyl)‐7‐chloro‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyridazino [4,3‐e][1,3,4]thiadiazine were synthesized by treatment of the alkyl‐2‐phenylhydrazinecarbodithioates with 4‐bromo‐3,6‐dichloropyridazine in alkaline acetonitrile. Orientation of the reaction has been determined by X‐ray crystallography technique. The chlorine atom on the number 7 position of these products was replaced by secondary amines at reflux condition.
Synthesis and Characterization of Thienothiophene Conjugated Benzo[c]Thiophene Analogs
Authors: Sivasakthikumaran Ramakrishnan , Arul Clement J , Nandakumar Meganathan , Mohanakrishnan Arasambattu K.
Published: May 2015

Syntheses of thienothiophene tethered benzo[c]thiophene analogs starting from thienothiophenyl lactone are reported. The benzo[c]thiophenes containing thienothiophene unit upon Vilsmeier–Haack formylation followed by condensation with malononitrile/thiophene‐2‐acetonitrile furnished corresponding cyano‐vinylenes. Optical and electrochemical properties of thienothiophene conjugated benzo[c]thiophene analogs are correlated with their structures.
Rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns in South Africa's national parks
Authors: van Wilgen Nicola J. , Goodall Victoria , Holness Stephen , Chown Steven L. , McGeoch Melodie A.
Published: May 2015

Air temperatures have increased globally over the past decades, while rainfall changes have been more variable, but are taking place. In South Africa, substantial climate‐related impacts are predicted, and protected area management agencies will need to respond actively to impacts. It is critical for management agencies to understand the way in which climate is changing locally to predict impacts and respond appropriately. Here, for the first time, we quantify observable changes in temperature and rainfall in South African national parks over the past five to ten decades. Our results show significant increases in temperatures in most parks, with increases being most rapid in the arid regions of the country. Increases in the frequency of extreme high temperature events were also most pronounced in these regions. These results are consistent with other climate studies conducted in these areas. Similar increases were identified for both minimum and maximum temperatures, though absolute minimum temperatures increased at greater rates than absolute maxima. Overall, rainfall trends were less obvious, but a decrease in rainfall was observed for the southern Cape (in three parks), and an increase was detected in one park. The observed temperature changes over the last 20–50 years have in several instances already reached those predicted for near future scenarios (2035), indicating that change scenarios are conservative. These results provide individual parks with evidence‐based direction for managing impacts under current and projected changes in local climate. They also provide the management agency with sub‐regional information to tailor policy and impact monitoring. Importantly, our results highlight the critical role that individual weather stations play in informing local land management and the concerns for parks that have no local information on changes in climate.
Compressive mechanical modulation alters the viability of growth plate chondrocytes in vitro
Authors: Kaviani Rosa , Londono Irene , Parent Stefan , Moldovan Florina , Villemure Isabelle
Published: May 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of compressive modulation parameters (mode, magnitude, duration, as well as frequency and amplitude for cyclic modulation) on the viability of growth plate chondrocytes. Swine ulnar growth plate explants (n = 60) were randomly distributed among 10 groups: baseline (n = 1 × 6); culture control (n = 1 × 6); static (n = 3 × 6); and dynamic (n = 5 × 6). Static and dynamic samples were modulated in vitro using a bioreactor. Different compression magnitudes (0.1 MPa or 0.2 MPa), durations (12 h or 24 h), frequencies (0.1 Hz or 1.0 Hz), and amplitudes (30% or 100%) were investigated. Viability was assessed by automatic quantification of number of live/dead cells from confocal images of Live/Dead labeled tissues. Chondrocyte viability was found to be dependent on compression magnitude, duration, frequency, and amplitude in a way that increasing each parameter decreased viability in certain zones of growth plate. More specifically, proliferative and hypertrophic chondrocytes were found to be more sensitive to the applied compression. This study provides an in vitro protocol for studying the effects of compressive modulation on biomechanical and biological responses of growth plate explants, which will be useful in finding efficient and non‐detrimental parameters for mechanical modulation of bone growth exploited in scoliosis fusionless treatments. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1587–1593, 2015.
Socioeconomic determinants of overnight and weekend emergency department use for acute rhinosinusitis
Authors: Bergmark Regan W. , Ishman Stacey L. , Scangas George A. , Cunningham Michael J. , Sedaghat Ahmad R.
Published: May 2015

Objectives/Hypothesis

Prior work has shown Medicaid and self‐pay insurance status is associated with emergency department (ED), rather than outpatient clinic, presentation for uncomplicated acute rhinosinusitis (ARS). We investigate whether the disparate use of ED resources for this nonemergent condition by patients with Medicaid and self‐pay insurance can be attributed to presentation overnight or on weekends.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional survey of 990,849 patients from the 2009 and 2010 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey presenting to EDs with uncomplicated ARS. Patients with orbital and intracranial complications of ARS were excluded.

Methods

Univariate and multivariate associations identified demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, including insurance status, which were independently associated with overnight (between 5 pm and 7 am) or daytime weekend ED presentation for uncomplicated ARS.

Results

Medicaid or self‐pay insurance status was associated with evening/overnight ED presentation (odds ratio = 1.88, P =.018) in comparison to private or Medicare insurance. However, weekend daytime ED presentation was not associated with Medicaid or self‐pay insurance statuses (P = .144). Income and education levels of patients’ zip codes, taken as markers of socioeconomic status, were not associated with either evening/overnight or daytime weekend ED presentation for uncomplicated ARS (P > .05).

Conclusions

ARS patients with Medicaid or self‐pay status, previously shown to preferentially use EDs for uncomplicated ARS, were more likely to present for overnight ED care compared to patients with private insurance or Medicare. These findings suggest a potential lack of access to extended‐hours primary care during evenings and nights for Medicaid patients.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 125:2441–2446, 2015
Outcomes of pregnancy following liver transplantation: The King's College Hospital experience
Authors: Westbrook Rachel H. , Yeoman Andrew D. , Agarwal Kosh , Aluvihare Varuna , O'Grady John , Heaton Nigel , Penna Leonie , Heneghan Michael A.
Published: May 2015

Reports of pregnancy in liver transplantation (LT) patients have largely favorable outcomes. Concerns remain with regards to maternal and graft risk, optimal immunosuppression (IS), and fetal outcomes. We review all post‐LT pregnancies at our center with regard to the outcomes and safety for the patient, graft, and fetus. A total of 117 conceptions occurred in 79 patients. Median age at conception was 29 years. Maternal complications included graft loss (2%), acute cellular rejection (ACR; 15%), pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia (15%), gestational diabetes (7%), and bacterial sepsis (5%). ACR was significantly more common in those women who conceived within 12 months of LT (P = 0.001). The live birth rate was 73%. Prematurity occurred in 26 (31%) neonates, and 24 (29%) neonates were of low or very low birth weight. IS choice (cyclosporine versus tacrolimus) had no significant effect on pregnancy outcomes and complications. No congenital abnormalities occurred, and only 1 child born at 24 weeks had delayed developmental milestones. In conclusion, pregnancy following LT has a favorable outcome in the majority, but severe maternal risks remain. Patients should be counseled with regard to the above information so informed decisions can be made, and pregnancy must be considered high risk with regular monitoring by transplant clinicians and specialist obstetricians. Liver Transpl 21:1153‐1159, 2015. © 2015 AASLD.
Non‐smooth atomic decomposition for generalized Orlicz‐Morrey spaces
Authors: Sawano Yoshihiro , Hakim Denny Ivanal , Gunawan Hendra
Published: May 2015

In the present paper, we consider the non‐smooth atomic decomposition of generalized Orlicz‐Morrey spaces. The result will be sharper than the existing results. As an application, we consider the boundedness of the bilinear operator, which is called the Olsen inequality nowadays. To obtain a sharp norm estimate, we first investigate their predual space, which is even new, and we make full advantage of the vector‐valued inequality for the Hardy‐Littlewood maximal operator.
On ‐null sequences and their relatives
Authors: Ain Kati , Oja Eve
Published: May 2015

Let and , where is the conjugate index of p. We prove an omnibus theorem, which provides numerous equivalences for a sequence in a Banach space X to be a ‐null sequence. One of them is that is ‐null if and only if is null and relatively ‐compact. This equivalence is known in the “limit” case when , the case of the p‐null sequence and p‐compactness. Our approach is more direct and easier than those applied for the proof of the latter result. We apply it also to characterize the unconditional and weak versions of ‐null sequences.
Relation of allium vegetables intake with head and neck cancers: Evidence from the INHANCE consortium
Authors: Galeone Carlotta , Turati Federica , Zhang Zuo‐Feng , Guercio Valentina , Tavani Alessandra , Serraino Diego , Brennan Paul , Fabianova Eleonora , Lissowska Jola , Mates Dana , Rudnai Peter , Shangina Oxana , Szeszenia‐Dabrowska Neonila , Vaughan Thomas L. , Kelsey Karl , McClean Michael , Levi Fabio , Hayes Richard B. , Purdue Mark P. , Bosetti Cristina , Brenner Hermann , Pelucchi Claudio , Lee Yuan‐Chin Amy , Hashibe Mia , Boffetta Paolo , La Vecchia Carlo
Published: May 2015

Scope

Only a few studies analyzed the role of allium vegetables with reference to head and neck cancers (HNC), with mixed results. We investigated the potential favorable role of garlic and onion within the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) Consortium.

Methods and results

We analyzed pooled individual‐level data from eight case‐control studies, including 4590 cases and 7082 controls. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between garlic and onion intakes and HNC risk. Compared with no or low garlic use, the ORs of HNC were 0.95 (95% CI 0.71–1.27) for intermediate and 0.74 (95% CI 0.55–0.99) for high garlic use (p for trend = 0.02). The ORs of HNC for increasing categories of onion intake were 0.91 (95% CI 0.68–1.21) for >1 to ≤3 portions per week, and 0.83 (95% CI 0.60–1.13) for >3 portions per week (p for trend = 0.02), as compared to <1 portion per week. We found an inverse association between high onion intake and laryngeal cancer risk (OR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.54–0.88), but no significant association for other subsites.

Conclusion

The results of this pooled‐analysis support a possible moderate inverse association between garlic and onion intake and HNC risk.
B1 and T1 mapping of the breast with a reference tissue method
Authors: Pineda Federico D. , Medved Milica , Fan Xiaobing , Karczmar Gregory S.
Published: May 2015

Purpose

To develop a method for mapping the B1 field using a reference signal from a tissue with known T1.

Methods

Flip angle correction factors were calculated in a region with a known “gold standard” T1; by comparing T1 values from a variable flip angle (VFA) sequence to the “gold standard” and correcting the value of the Ernst angle. The resulting partial B1 map was interpolated for all other regions. In the breast, fat is an ideal reference tissue because its T1 is spatially homogeneous and interpatient variability is low. This method was tested with scans of phantoms and patients (n = 4) on a 3T magnet. The performance of the method was evaluated by comparing the results of VFA T1 mapping with and without B1 correction to inversion recovery (IR) T1 maps.

Results

Phantom data determined that a linear inverse distance weighted interpolation accurately recovered the full B1 map. Use of interpolated maps to correct the VFA data in vivo, reduced the average difference in the T1 of parenchyma between VFA and IR results from 58% to 8%.

Conclusion

This proof‐of‐principle study showed that it is possible to recover a full and accurate map of the B1 field in the breast by using a reference tissue (fat) with an accurately measured T1. Magn Reson Med 75:1565–1573, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Are ECG monitoring recommendations before prescription of QT‐prolonging drugs applied in daily practice? The example of haloperidol
Authors: Warnier Miriam Jacoba , Rutten Frans Hendrik , Souverein Patrick Cyriel , de Boer Anthonius , Hoes Arno Wilhelmus , De Bruin Marie Louise
Published: May 2015

Purpose

Monitoring of the QT duration by electrocardiography (ECG) prior to treatment is frequently recommended in the label of QT‐prolonging drugs. It is, however, unknown how often general practitioners in daily clinical practice are adhering to these risk‐minimization measures. We assessed the frequency of ECG measurements in patients where haloperidol was initiated in primary care.

Methods

Patients (≥18 years) with a first prescription of haloperidol in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (2009–2013) were included. The proportion of ECGs made was determined in two blocks of 4 weeks: during the exposure period when haloperidol was initiated, and during the control period, 1 year before. Conditional logistic regression analysis was applied to calculate the relative risk of having an ECG in the exposure period compared with the control period. Subgroup analyses were performed to assess the proportion of ECG measurements in patients with one or more additional risk factors for QT prolongation.

Results

In total, 3420 patients were prescribed haloperidol during the exposure period, and 1.8% of them had an ECG at treatment initiation, compared with 0.8% during the control period (relative risk [RR] 2.4 [1.5–3.8]). Of the patients with additional risk factors for QT prolongation, 1.9% of the patients had an ECG at initiation of the prescription, compared with 1.0% during the control period (RR 2.1 [1.2–3.5]).

Conclusions

Compliance with recommendations to perform an electrocardiogram when starting a new QT‐prolonging drug is extremely low, when haloperidol is taken as an example. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Standardisation of the FAERS database: a systematic approach to manually recoding drug name variants
Authors: Wong Carmen K. , Ho Samuel S. , Saini Bandana , Hibbs David E. , Fois Romano A.
Published: May 2015

Purpose

The US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), one of the world's largest spontaneous reporting systems, is difficult to use because of report duplication and a lack of standardisation in the recording of drug names. Unresolved data quality issues may distort statistical analyses, rendering the results difficult to interpret when detecting and monitoring adverse effects of pharmaceutical products. The aim of this study was to develop and implement a data cleaning protocol to identify and resolve drug nomenclature issues. The key ‘data treatment’ plan involved standardising drug names held in the FAERS database.

Methods

Four million five hundred and six thousand five hundred and seventy‐seven. Individual Safety Reports submitted to the FAERS between 1 January 2003 and 31 August 2012 were included for this study. OpenRefine was used to standardise drug name variants in the database such that they were consistent with international non‐proprietary nomenclature defined by the World Health Organisation Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification. Drug variants where generic constituents could not be confidently determined, undecipherable drug names and non‐medicinal products were retained verbatim.

Results

After the standardisation process, more than 16 611 916 drug entries were cleaned to their relevant international non‐proprietary name. The cleaned drug table comprised 71 858 drug name variants and includes both standardised and original terms. Ninety‐nine per cent of drug names was standardised using this method.

Conclusions

The millions of reports enclosed in the FAERS contain valuable information that is of interest to pharmacovigilance, toxicology and post‐marketing surveillance researchers. With the standardisation of the drug nomenclature, the database can be better utilised by research groups around the world. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structurally diverse and readily tunable photocrosslinked chondroitin sulfate based copolymers
Authors: Khanlari Anahita , Suekama Tiffany C. , Detamore Michael S. , Gehrke Stevin H.
Published: May 2015

Our group has previously reported on successful biofunctionalization of poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate) (PEGDA) gels using chondroitin sulfate (CS) and improving moduli of methacrylated‐CS (MCS) gels using short PEGDA comonomers. Here, we focused on understanding the composition‐property relationship of MCS‐PEGDA copolymers. By changing concentration, composition, and medium's ionic strength the gels were modified to show a diverse range of properties. Photopolymerized copolymers with >4:1 ratio of one component had compressive moduli of up to 24 times higher and up to 17 times lower swelling degree (q) than those of MCS alone. The increased moduli and lowered q were consistent with the hypothesis that PEGDA improves kinetic chain growth by overcoming the steric hindrances of the macromer. The swelling and moduli of the gels were tuned by changing the ratio of the comonomers. The swelling and moduli of the gels were lowered with presence of salt in solution while the fracture strain increased. These changes were hypothesized to be the result of transition of CS chain conformation from highly extended and non‐Gaussian to less extended and Gaussian distribution. The complete understanding of MCS‐PEGDA composition–property relationship provides a general strategy to tune the moduli or q of polysaccharide‐based hydrogels while avoiding undesirable phase separation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 1070–1079