bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ellis–van Creveld Syndrome in Grey Alpine Cattle
Authors: Muscatello L. V. , Benazzi C. , Dittmer K. E. , Thompson K. G. , Murgiano L. , Drögemüller C. , Avallone G. , Gentile A. , Edwards J. F. , Piffer C. , Bolcato M. , Brunetti B.
Published: June 2015

Ellis–van Creveld (EvC) syndrome is a human autosomal recessive disorder caused by a mutation in either the EVC or EVC2 gene, and presents with short limbs, polydactyly, and ectodermal and heart defects. The aim of this study was to understand the pathologic basis by which deletions in the EVC2 gene lead to chondrodysplastic dwarfism and to describe the morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular hallmarks of EvC syndrome in cattle. Five Grey Alpine calves, with a known mutation in the EVC2 gene, were autopsied. Immunohistochemistry was performed on bone using antibodies to collagen II, collagen X, sonic hedgehog, fibroblast growth factor 2, and Ki67. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze EVC1 and EVC2 gene expression. Autopsy revealed long bones that were severely reduced in length, as well as genital and heart defects. Collagen II was detected in control calves in the resting, proliferative, and hypertrophic zones and in the primary and secondary spongiosa, with a loss of labeling in the resting zone of 2 dwarfs. Collagen X was expressed in hypertrophic zone in the controls but was absent in the EvC cases. In affected calves and controls, sonic hedgehog labeled hypertrophic chondrocytes and primary and secondary spongiosa similarly. FGF2 was expressed in chondrocytes of all growth plate zones in the control calves but was lost in most EvC cases. The Ki67 index was lower in cases compared with controls. EVC and EVC2 transcripts were detected. Our data suggest that EvC syndrome of Grey Alpine cattle is a disorder of chondrocyte differentiation, with accelerated differentiation and premature hypertrophy of chondrocytes, and could be a spontaneous model for the equivalent human disease.
Anti-racist witchcraft
Authors: Bourne Jenny
Published: June 2015

In the light of the current discourse about national belonging in Britain/the UK, the author examines an episode in the 1980s when the same kind of debate was initiated by the Thatcherite Right over the work of the Institute of Race Relations (IRR) and its booklets for young people about the derivation and reality of racism. Accusing the IRR of political indoctrination, falsifying history, denigrating white people and redefining racism, attempts were made in parliament, the media, through a TV programme and a themed book, to ban the educational booklets of IRR, especially its cartoon book (which was blamed for inciting ‘the riots’ of 1985) and close down the organisation.
The divorced woman
Authors: Seabrook Jeremy
Published: June 2015

In this personal memoir, the author returns to the dissolution of his mother’s marriage with an abusive husband, and the impact it had upon her life in a working-class town in 1950s Britain. The divorced woman was subject to social humiliation, while the failed relationship marked her out for suspicion among other women in the community, and the unwelcome advances of their husbands. The article reflects on the nature of the welfare state as a means of enabling women to break from social strictures by providing them with the security to make personal choices beyond established conventions and practices.
A Qualitative Investigation of Return to Sport After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair
Authors: Tjong Vehniah K. , Devitt Brian M. , Murnaghan M. Lucas , Ogilvie-Harris Darrell J. , Theodoropoulos John S.
Published: June 2015

Background:

Arthroscopic shoulder stabilization is known to have excellent functional results, but many patients do not return to their preinjury level of sport, with return to play rates reported between 48% and 100% despite good outcome scores.

Purpose:

To understand specific subjective psychosocial factors influencing a patient’s decision to return to sport after arthroscopic shoulder stabilization.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted with patients aged 18 to 40 years who had undergone primary arthroscopic shoulder stabilization and had a minimum 2-year follow-up. All patients participated in sport before surgery without any further revision operations or shoulder injuries. Qualitative data analysis was performed in accordance with the Strauss and Corbin theory to derive codes, categories, and themes. Preinjury and current sport participation was defined by type, level of competition, and the Brophy/Marx shoulder activity score. Patient-reported pain and shoulder function were also obtained.

Results:

A total of 25 patients were interviewed, revealing that fear of reinjury, shifts in priority, mood, social support, and self-motivation were found to greatly influence the decision to return to sport both in patients who had and had not returned to their preinjury level of play. Patients also described fear of sporting incompetence, self-awareness issues, recommendations from physical therapists, and degree of confidence as less common considerations affecting their return to sport.

Conclusion:

In spite of excellent functional outcomes, extrinsic and intrinsic factors such as competing interests, kinesiophobia, age, and internal stressors and motivators can have a major effect on a patient’s decision to return to sport after arthroscopic shoulder stabilization. The qualitative methods used in this study provide a unique patient-derived perspective into postoperative recovery and highlight the necessity to recognize and address subjective and psychosocial factors rather than objective functional outcome scores alone as contributing to a patient’s decision to return to play.
Exploring Commons Theory for Principles of a Socialist Governmentality
Authors: Dolenec Danijela , Žitko Mislav
Published: June 2015

Acknowledging that the concept of the commons is increasingly considered valuable for uniting left struggles, we develop the theory of the commons by strengthening its link with a Marxist critique of capitalism. In order to do so, we draw parallels between the work of Elinor Ostrom on principles of sustainable governance and Branko Horvat’s theory of self-management developed in the context of socialist Yugoslavia. We employ Foucault’s concept of governmentality to address the need for a socialist political rationale and governing principles, drawing our starting points from Ostrom and Horvat. First, we leave behind commons theorizing that relies on “exodus” strategies, instead drawing inspiration from Yugoslav self-management as an attempt of linking up the firm to wider social relations aimed at creating egalitarian, radically democratic, and materially sustainable societies. Second, we propose that the search for alternatives to capitalism and etatism goes beyond a change in ownership regime, and into principles of governance. While much of the contemporary progressive political agenda is concerned with distributional issues, we propose that devising governance principles to disable the formation of class control is the crucial innovation needed to advance a socialist governmentality. Finally, formulating the principles of socialist governmentality requires abandoning our reliance on indefinite economic growth which is seriously threatening the material base of human life.
Changes in Mineral Micronutrient Status During and After Pulmonary Exacerbation in Adults With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Lee Moon Jeong , Alvarez Jessica A. , Smith Ellen M. , Killilea David W. , Chmiel James F. , Joseph Patricia M. , Grossmann Ruth E. , Gaggar Amit , Ziegler Thomas R. , Tangpricha Vin ,   on behalf of the Vitamin D for Enhancing the Immune System in Cystic Fibrosis Investigators
Published: June 2015

Background: Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) may be at risk for micronutrient depletion, particularly during periods of illness and infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate serum micronutrient status over time in adults with CF initially hospitalized with a pulmonary exacerbation. Materials and Methods: This was an ancillary study of a multicenter trial investigating the role of high‐dose vitamin D supplementation in 24 adults with CF (mean age, 29.6 ± 7.3 years). We measured serum concentrations of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), and sulfur (S) in subjects at the beginning of a pulmonary exacerbation and again at 3 months. Results: Serum concentrations of Cu, Fe, and Ca were significantly lower at baseline compared with 3 months following the pulmonary exacerbation (Cu: baseline, 1.5 ± 0.6 vs 3 months, 1.6 ± 0.6 µg/mL, P = .027; Fe: 0.8 ± 0.3 vs 1.3 ± 1.1 µg/mL, P = .026; Ca: 9.7 ± 0.8 vs 10.8 ± 2.0 mg/dL, P = .024). Serum concentrations of K, Mg, and S did not change over time (K: baseline, 4.9 ± 0.3 vs 3 months, 5.1 ± 0.5 mEq/L; Mg: 1.8 ± 0.2 vs 2.0 ± 0.3 mg/dL; S: 1288.6 ± 343 vs 1309.9 ± 290 µg/mL; P > .05 for all). Conclusion: Serum concentrations of Cu, Fe, and Ca increased significantly several months following recovery from acute pulmonary exacerbation in adults with CF. This may reflect decreased inflammation, improved food intake, and/or increased absorption following recovery.
The Influence of Family Ownership on Long-Lived Asset Write-Offs
Authors: Greco Giulio , Ferramosca Silvia , Allegrini Marco
Published: June 2015

Building on agency theory, this article investigates whether family firms’ accounting behavior regarding long-lived asset write-offs differs from that of nonfamily firms. We provide evidence that nonfamily firms use write-offs for earnings management purposes, while family firms report write-offs coherent with the firm performance. Family firms experience dwindling sales and lower profitability in the years following the write-offs, consistently with an effective decline in their assets value. The findings are consistent with reduced owner-manager agency conflicts in family firms. We find no indication of family entrenchment, which is consistent with family owners being concerned with the reputational damage associated with a loss of a firm’s asset value.
Availability of Advanced Breast Imaging at Screening Facilities Serving Vulnerable Populations
Authors: Lee Christoph I , Bogart Andy , Germino Jessica C , Goldman L Elizabeth , Hubbard Rebecca A , Haas Jennifer S , Hill Deirdre A , Tosteson Anna NA , Alford-Teaster Jennifer A , DeMartini Wendy B , Lehman Constance D , Onega Tracy L
Published: June 2015

Objective

Among vulnerable women, unequal access to advanced breast imaging modalities beyond screening mammography may lead to delays in cancer diagnosis and unfavourable outcomes. We aimed to compare on-site availability of advanced breast imaging services (ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], and image-guided biopsy) between imaging facilities serving vulnerable patient populations and those serving non-vulnerable populations.

Setting

73 imaging facilities across five Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium regional registries in the United States during 2011 and 2012.

Methods

We examined facility and patient characteristics across a large, national sample of imaging facilities and patients served. We characterized facilities as serving vulnerable populations based on the proportion of mammograms performed on women with lower educational attainment, lower median income, racial/ethnic minority status, and rural residence. We performed multivariable logistic regression to determine relative risks of on-site availability of advanced imaging at facilities serving vulnerable women versus facilities serving non-vulnerable women.

Results

Facilities serving vulnerable populations were as likely (Relative risk [RR] for MRI = 0.71, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.42, 1.19; RR for MRI-guided biopsy = 1.07 [0.61, 1.90]; RR for stereotactic biopsy = 1.18 [0.75, 1.85]) or more likely (RR for ultrasound = 1.38 [95% CI 1.09, 1.74]; RR for ultrasound-guided biopsy = 1.67 [1.30, 2.14]) to offer advanced breast imaging services as those serving non-vulnerable populations.

Conclusions

Advanced breast imaging services are physically available on-site for vulnerable women in the United States, but it is unknown whether factors such as insurance coverage or out-of-pocket costs might limit their use.
Recovery From Schizophrenia in Community-Based Psychosocial Rehabilitation Settings
Authors: Lim Caroline , Barrio Concepción , Hernandez Mercedes , Barragán Armando , Brekke John S.
Published: June 2015

Objective:

We assessed the rate of recovery from schizophrenia in community-based psychosocial rehabilitation and whether psychosocial attributes predicted the achievement of recovery beyond demographic and clinical characteristics.

Methods:

We used data from 246 individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorder collected at baseline and at 6 and 12 months after admission to psychosocial rehabilitation.

Results:

The proportion of participants who showed recovery during either 6-month period and the full 1-year period was 19.86% and 7.53%, respectively. Although predictors of recovery for the 1-year period could not be reliably estimated due to its low rate, higher levels of intrinsic motivation and more positive family relationships at baseline predicted recovery for either 6-month period after controlling for initial functioning capacity.

Conclusions:

One in five individuals with schizophrenia who engage in intensive community-based psychosocial rehabilitation can achieve periods of recovery during treatment. Psychosocial attributes at the start of treatment are important contributors to subsequent recovery.
“It’s Not Like You Need to Live 10 or 20 Years”
Authors: Hsieh Elaine , Bruscella Jacqueline , Zanin Alaina , Kramer Eric M.
Published: June 2015

The literature suggests that the patient-perspective approach (i.e., eliciting and responding to patients’ perspectives, including beliefs, preferences, values, and attitudes) to patient-centered care (PCC) is not a reliable predictor of positive outcomes; however, little is known about why the patient-perspective approach does not necessarily lead to positive outcomes. By using discourse analysis to examine 44 segments of oncologist–patient interactions, we found that providers’ use of patient-perspective contextualization can affect the quality of care through (a) constructing the meanings of patient conditions, (b) controlling interpreting frames for patient conditions, and (c) manipulating patient preferences through strategic information sharing. We concluded that providers’ use of patient-perspective contextualization is an insufficient indicator of PCC because these discursive strategies can be used to control and manipulate patient preferences and perspectives. At times, providers’ patient-perspective contextualization can silence patients’ voice and appear discriminatory.
The Impact of Appraisals and Context on Readiness to Leave a Relationship Following Intimate Partner Abuse
Authors: Matlow Ryan B. , DePrince Anne P.
Published: June 2015

The current longitudinal study examined the relative impact of symptoms and appraisals as well as contextual and demographic factors on women’s subsequent readiness to leave a relationship following intimate partner abuse. An ethnically diverse sample of women ( N = 177) completed measures assessing posttrauma appraisals, symptoms, dependence on the perpetrator, and abuse characteristics. One year later, women reported on their readiness to leave the relationship. Regression analyses revealed that readiness to leave was (a) positively predicted by fear appraisals, (b) negatively predicted by shame appraisals, and (c) significantly associated with additional contextual factors (i.e., dependence on the perpetrator, stalking behaviors).
From culture to symptom: Testing a structural model of “Chinese somatization”
Authors: Zhou Xiaolu , Peng Yunshi , Zhu Xiongzhao , Yao Shuqiao , Dere Jessica , Chentsova-Dutton Yulia E. , Ryder Andrew G.
Published: June 2015

“Chinese somatization” has been frequently discussed over the past three decades of cultural psychiatry, and has more recently been demonstrated in cross-national comparisons. Empirical studies of potential explanations are lacking, however. Ryder and Chentsova-Dutton (2012) proposed that Chinese somatization can be understood as a cultural script for depression, noting that the literature is divided on whether this script primarily involves felt bodily experience or a stigma-avoiding communication strategy. Two samples from Hunan province, China—one of undergraduate students ( n = 213) and one of depressed psychiatric outpatients ( n = 281)—completed the same set of self-report questionnaires, including a somatization questionnaire developed in Chinese. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that Chinese somatization could be understood as two correlated factors: one focusing on the experience and expression of distress, the other on its conceptualization and communication. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that traditional Chinese cultural values are associated with both of these factors, but only bodily experience is associated with somatic depressive symptoms. This study takes a first step towards directly evaluating explanations for Chinese somatization, pointing the way to future multimethod investigations of this cultural script.
Human miR-3145 inhibits influenza A viruses replication by targeting and silencing viral PB1 gene
Authors: Khongnomnan Kritsada , Makkoch Jarika , Poomipak Witthaya , Poovorawan Yong , Payungporn Sunchai
Published: June 2015

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the regulation of gene expression and are involved in many cellular processes including inhibition of viral replication in infected cells. In this study, three subtypes of influenza A viruses (pH1N1, H5N1 and H3N2) were analyzed to identify candidate human miRNAs targeting and silencing viral genes expression. Candidate human miRNAs were predicted by miRBase and RNAhybrid based on minimum free energy (MFE) and hybridization patterns between human miRNAs and viral target genes. In silico analysis presented 76 miRNAs targeting influenza A viruses, including 70 miRNAs that targeted specific subtypes (21 for pH1N1, 27 for H5N1 and 22 for H3N2) and 6 miRNAs (miR-216b, miR-3145, miR-3682, miR-4513, miR-4753 and miR-5693) that targeted multiple subtypes of influenza A viruses. Interestingly, miR-3145 is the only candidate miRNA targeting all three subtypes of influenza A viruses. The miR-3145 targets to PB1 encoding polymerase basic protein 1, which is the main component of the viral polymerase complex. The silencing effect of miR-3145 was validated by 3′-UTR reporter assay and inhibition of influenza viral replication in A549 cells. In 3′-UTR reporter assay, results revealed that miR-3145 triggered significant reduction of the luciferase activity. Moreover, expression of viral PB1 genes was also inhibited considerably ( P value < 0.05) in viral infected cells expressing mimic miR-3145. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that human miR-3145 triggered silencing of viral PB1 genes and lead to inhibition of multiple subtypes of influenza viral replication. Therefore, hsa-miR-3145 might be useful for alternative treatment of influenza A viruses in the future.
Prenatal Exposure to BPA and Offspring Outcomes
Authors: Alonso-Magdalena Paloma , Quesada Iván , Nadal Ángel
Published: June 2015

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are the most common metabolic disorders, with prevalence rates that are reaching epidemic proportions. Both are complex conditions affecting virtually all ages and with serious health consequences. The underlying cause of the problem is still puzzling, but both genetic and environmental factors including unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, or the exposure to some environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are thought to have a causal influence. In addition, the impact of early environment has recently emerged as an important factor responsible for the increased propensity to develop adult-onset metabolic disease. Suboptimal maternal nutrition during critical windows in fetal development is the most commonly studied factor affecting early programming of obesity and T2DM. In recent years, increasing experimental evidence shows that exposure to EDCs could also account for this phenomenon. In the present review, we will overview the most relevant findings that confirm the critical role of bisphenol-A, one of the most widespread EDCs, in the development of metabolic disorders.
Evolving paradigms in the treatment of opioid-induced bowel dysfunction
Authors: Poulsen Jakob Lykke , Brock Christina , Olesen Anne Estrup , Nilsson Matias , Drewes Asbjørn Mohr
Published: June 2015

In recent years prescription of opioids has increased significantly. Although effective in pain management, bothersome gastrointestinal adverse effects are experienced by a substantial proportion of opioid-treated patients. This can lead to difficulties with therapy and subsequently inadequate pain relief. Collectively referred to as opioid-induced bowel dysfunction, these adverse effects are the result of binding of exogenous opioids to opioid receptors in the gastrointestinal tract. This leads to disturbance of three important gastrointestinal functions: motility, coordination of sphincter function and secretion. In the clinic this manifests in a wide range of symptoms such as reflux, bloating, abdominal cramping, hard, dry stools, and incomplete evacuation, although the most known adverse effect is opioid-induced constipation. Traditional treatment with laxatives is often insufficient, but in recent years a number of novel pharmacological approaches have been introduced. In this review the pathophysiology, symptomatology and prevalence of opioid-induced bowel dysfunction is presented along with the benefits and caveats of a suggested consensus definition for opioid-induced constipation. Finally, traditional treatment is appraised and compared with the latest pharmacological developments. In conclusion, opioid antagonists restricted to the periphery show promising results, but use of different definitions and outcome measures complicate comparison. However, an international working group has recently suggested a consensus definition for opioid-induced constipation and relevant outcome measures have also been proposed. If investigators within this field adapt the suggested consensus and include symptoms related to dysfunction of the upper gut, it will ease comparison and be a step forward in future research.
Social media used as a health intervention in adolescent health: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Shaw Julie M , Mitchell Creina A , Welch Anthony J , Williamson Moira J
Published: June 2015

Objective

Adolescents are known to be high users of social media, and social media is beginning to be used in health care. The primary objective of this review was to determine the current state of play on the use of social media as a health intervention in addressing the health of adolescents.

Methods

Six databases were searched: CINAHL, Medline, Scopus, ProQuest, Psych Info and Science Direct, from 2000–2013. The review process followed PRISMA guidelines with quality assessments of the selected articles undertaken.

Results

Three studies used social media as a health intervention in adolescent health. Facebook was the social media of choice. The way this social media tool was incorporated as the intervention varied. None of the social media interventions had a significant or sustained impact on the primary outcomes of the studies reviewed. Measures of social media process were limited and lacked meaning.

Conclusions

The selected papers provided insight into the beginning phase of using social media as a health intervention to address adolescent health. The review highlights three important areas for consideration when undertaking research on the use of social media as a health intervention for adolescents: the newness of using social media as a health intervention, the importance of the use of rigorous methodological processes when using social media as a health intervention, and the need to develop further knowledge on adolescents’ use of social media, in particular their hidden world of social media.
Leader Bullying Through a Different Lens
Authors: Piggot-Irvine Eileen
Published: June 2015

An interpretation of bullying as a set of defensive values and strategies is established via the use of two scenario case studies. The origins of defensiveness are explored alongside introduction to a holistic evidence-based learning (HEBL) model based on an organizational learning, productive set of values and strategies, to overcome this problem in a way that contributes to a learning organization. A legal opinion about case law associated with bullying confirms the appropriateness of such organizational learning approaches to address this problem and avoid litigation. The extensive literature about defensiveness and organizational learning has not been previously widely considered in association with bullying behaviors. This conceptual article is intended to stimulate further interest to make the link between defensiveness and bullying behaviors.
Preventing Heat-Related Illness in the Workplace
Authors: Lindsley Matthew , Cadorette Maureen
Published: June 2015

Heat-related illness and death in the workplace can be prevented by health and safety professionals including occupational health nurses, who can facilitate program planning, measure objectives, and achieve goals for the well-being of all staff.
Pyramid: A Case Study of Cyber Security in India
Authors: Singh Nimisha , Rishi Abha
Published: June 2015

As the world becomes increasingly interlinked through the Internet, cyberspace frauds are also on the rise. This is a case study on a company, Pyramid Cyber Security (P) Ltd., which specializes in digital crime, fraud and forensic solutions and services in India. Over the years, the company has established several digital forensics laboratories and security projects for agencies in law enforcement, the public sector and corporate organizations. With the scalability, flexibility and economic advantage offered by cloud computing, more and more organizations are moving towards cloud for their applications. With all the benefits of cloud computing, it also opens up a company to the danger of digital crime and security breaches on the cloud platform. This has thrown open new vistas for Pyramid, putting it in a dilemma of whether to focus on the existing business or explore new opportunities in cloud forensics investigation thrown by the wide acceptance of cloud computing. It also poses the question whether a company should go in for pre-incident or post-incident digital network security architecture. It is a teaching case.
Experimental and numerical investigation on combined girth welding of API X80 pipeline steel
Authors: Zhao M. , Wei F. , Huang W. Q. , Lei Y.
Published: June 2015

API X80 pipeline steel is widely used in natural gas and oil transportation. In this study, X80 pipeline steels with 18.4 mm thickness and 1219 mm diameter, made in China, were welded by a combined girth welding technology. Experimental results showed that microstructures in weld metal and coarse grain heat affected zone are mainly composed of coarsening bainite grains with dimensions of 20–50 μm, and Vickers hardness in weld seam is lowered by the seven-pass welding process. Simulated results illustrated that repeatedly thermal cycles imposed by the combined multipass girth welding process easily result in softened weld joints. The predicted microstructures, phase compositions and hardness in weld metal are in agreement with the measured ones. The results could be applied to optimise this combined girth welding process and improve the weld quality of API X80 pipeline steel and even higher grade pipeline steels.
Direct quality prediction in resistance spot welding process: Sensitivity, specificity and predictive accuracy comparative analysis
Authors: Pereda M. , Santos J. I. , Martín Ó. , Galán J. M.
Published: June 2015

In this work, several of the most popular and state of the art classification methods are compared as pattern recognition tools for classification of resistance spot welding joints. Instead of using the result of a non-destructive testing technique as input variables, classifiers are trained directly with the relevant welding parameters, i.e. welding current, welding time and the type of electrode (electrode material and treatment). The algorithms are compared in terms of accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve metrics, using nested cross-validation. Results show that although there is not a dominant classifier for every specificity/sensitivity requirement, support vector machines using radial kernel, boosting and random forest techniques obtain the best performance overall.
The correlation between postural control and upper limb position sense in people with chronic ankle instability
Authors: Springer Shmuel , Gottlieb Uri , Moran Uria , Verhovsky Guy , Yanovich Ran
Published: June 2015

Background

Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is attributed to functional instability driven by insufficient proprioception. However, it is not clear whether the deficits are related to global impaired performance or to specific decrease in ankle motor‐control. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between lower limb postural control and upper limb position sense among people with CAI, in order to further explore the function of the central neural control in people with CAI.

Methods

Fourteen participants (10 males, 4 females) with self‐reported CAI and 14 age‐ and gender‐matched, healthy controls participated in this study. Each participant completed single‐limb stance postural control tests and shoulder position sense tests. The Overall Stability Index (OSI) was used as a measure of postural stability. The average of the absolute error score (AES) was calculated as a measure of shoulder position sense. Pearson correlations between the scores of the four body sites –lower limb postural stability (preferred/non‐preferred), shoulder (preferred/non‐preferred) were determined separately for each group.

Results

In the control group, significant correlations were found between the OSI score of the right and left ankles (r = 0.887, p < 0.001), between the AES of the right and left shoulders (r = 0.656, p = 0.011), as well as between the OSI score and the AES of the non‐preferred side (r = 0.649, p = 0.012). In the CAI group, significant correlation was found only between the OSI score at both ankles (r = 0.6, p = 0.002).

Conclusions

Individuals with CAI demonstrated lower limb postural control and upper limb position sense similar to those shown in healthy controls. However, correlations between the lower and upper limbs were observed only in the healthy controls. Clinicians can use this information and employ activities that focus on coordinating the upper and lower extremities when designing neuromuscular control training programs for people with CAI.
Virulence genes are a signature of the microbiome in the colorectal tumor microenvironment
Authors: Burns Michael B. , Lynch Joshua , Starr Timothy K. , Knights Dan , Blekhman Ran
Published: June 2015

Background

The human gut microbiome is associated with the development of colon cancer, and recent studies have found changes in the microbiome in cancer patients compared to healthy controls. Studying the microbial communities in the tumor microenvironment may shed light on the role of host–bacteria interactions in colorectal cancer. Here, we highlight the major shifts in the colorectal tumor microbiome relative to that of matched normal colon tissue from the same individual, allowing us to survey the microbial communities in the tumor microenvironment and providing intrinsic control for environmental and host genetic effects on the microbiome.

Methods

We sequenced the microbiome in 44 primary tumor and 44 patient-matched normal colon tissue samples to determine differentially abundant microbial taxa These data were also used to functionally characterize the microbiome of the cancer and normal sample pairs and identify functional pathways enriched in the tumor-associated microbiota.

Results

We find that tumors harbor distinct microbial communities compared to nearby healthy tissue. Our results show increased microbial diversity in the tumor microenvironment, with changes in the abundances of commensal and pathogenic bacterial taxa, including Fusobacterium and Providencia. While Fusobacterium has previously been implicated in colorectal cancer, Providencia is a novel tumor-associated agent which has not been identified in previous studies. Additionally, we identified a clear, significant enrichment of predicted virulence-associated genes in the colorectal cancer microenvironment, likely dependent upon the genomes of Fusobacterium and Providencia.

Conclusions

This work identifies bacterial taxa significantly correlated with colorectal cancer, including a novel finding of an elevated abundance of Providencia in the tumor microenvironment. We also describe the predicted metabolic pathways and enzymes differentially present in the tumor-associated microbiome, and show an enrichment of virulence-associated bacterial genes in the tumor microenvironment. This predicted virulence enrichment supports the hypothesis that the microbiome plays an active role in colorectal cancer development and/or progression. Our results provide a starting point for future prognostic and therapeutic research with the potential to improve patient outcomes.
An isolated duodenal perforation in pediatric blunt abdominal trauma: a rare but distinct possibility
Authors: Dhua Anjan Kumar , Joshi Manoj
Published: June 2015

Isolated duodenal perforation (IDP) in pediatric trauma is rarely reported. Since most of the children with blunt trauma are managed expectantly, timely diagnosis is imperative to avoid morbidity and mortality. We report a case of IDP and emphasize on certain specific clinical features indicating possibility of duodenal injury. We also stress upon the role of early contrast-enhanced computerized tomography (CECT) in such cases.
Alterations in the Vaginal Microbiome by Maternal Stress Are Associated With Metabolic Reprogramming of the Offspring Gut and Brain
Authors: Jašarević Eldin , Howerton Christopher L. , Howard Christopher D. , Bale Tracy L.
Published: June 2015

The neonate is exposed to the maternal vaginal microbiota during parturition, providing the primary source for normal gut colonization, host immune maturation, and metabolism. These early interactions between the host and microbiota occur during a critical window of neurodevelopment, suggesting early life as an important period of cross talk between the developing gut and brain. Because perturbations in the prenatal environment such as maternal stress increase neurodevelopmental disease risk, disruptions to the vaginal ecosystem could be a contributing factor in significant and long-term consequences for the offspring. Therefore, to examine the hypothesis that changes in the vaginal microbiome are associated with effects on the offspring gut microbiota and on the developing brain, we used genomic, proteomic and metabolomic technologies to examine outcomes in our mouse model of early prenatal stress. Multivariate modeling identified broad proteomic changes to the maternal vaginal environment that influence offspring microbiota composition and metabolic processes essential for normal neurodevelopment. Maternal stress altered proteins related to vaginal immunity and abundance of Lactobacillus, the prominent taxa in the maternal vagina. Loss of maternal vaginal Lactobacillus resulted in decreased transmission of this bacterium to offspring. Further, altered microbiota composition in the neonate gut corresponded with changes in metabolite profiles involved in energy balance, and with region- and sex-specific disruptions of amino acid profiles in the developing brain. Taken together, these results identify the vaginal microbiota as a novel factor by which maternal stress may contribute to reprogramming of the developing brain that may predispose individuals to neurodevelopmental disorders.
Orchestrating liver development
Authors: Gordillo Miriam , Evans Todd , Gouon-Evans Valerie
Published: June 2015

The liver is a central regulator of metabolism, and liver failure thus constitutes a major health burden. Understanding how this complex organ develops during embryogenesis will yield insights into how liver regeneration can be promoted and how functional liver replacement tissue can be engineered. Recent studies of animal models have identified key signaling pathways and complex tissue interactions that progressively generate liver progenitor cells, differentiated lineages and functional tissues. In addition, progress in understanding how these cells interact, and how transcriptional and signaling programs precisely coordinate liver development, has begun to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this complexity. Here, we review the lineage relationships, signaling pathways and transcriptional programs that orchestrate hepatogenesis.
Organic Field-Effect Transistors Based on Solution-Processed Single Crystal Films of Alkylphenyl Chrysene Derivatives
Authors: Kunugi Yoshihito , Mada Ayami , Otsuki Hiroyuki , Okamoto Kazuo
Published: June 2015

We synthesized alkyl-substituted phenyl chrysenes as novel solution-processable transistor materials for single crystal organic transistors. All devices displayed typical p-channel characteristics, with the best field-effect mobility of 11.9 cm2 V−1 s−1 belonging to the m-7P-28CR based transistor.
Studies on Diastereoselective Functionalization, Optical Resolution, and Racemization Behaviors of Macrocyclic Bisimidazole of Winding-Vine-Shaped Molecular Asymmetry
Authors: Okayama Yoichi , Maruhashi Kazuki , Tsuji Satoru , Mori Atsunori
Published: June 2015

Macrocyclic alkene containing bisimidazole showing molecular asymmetry, which is synthesized by ring-closing metathesis, is subjected to several functional group transformation reactions of the olefin moiety. Syn-addition reactions such as epoxidation, dihydroxylation, and hydrogenation are found to proceed whereas anti-addition does not proceed. Optical resolution of racemic bisimidazole is successfully achieved with a preparative chiral column. Racemization behaviors of bisimidazole derivatives are also studied under several conditions.
Plutarch's Alexander the Great as Focus for Greek Identity
Authors: Klęczar Aleksandra
Published: June 2015

Plutarch's Alexander the Great as Focus for Greek Identity. The Case of Alexander's Childhood and Youth in Vira Alexandri

The present paper concentrates on the character of Plutarch’s Alexander and his idealized Greek traits as visible in one particular set of Plutarch’s stories: the narratives on the childhood and youth of Alexander, presented in Vita Alexandri. By presenting him as a Greek hero, with a number of typically heroic and typically Hellenic features, Plutarch transforms the image of the Macedonian king, creating a model for his audience to identify as an embodiment of Greek greatness. While the portrait of Alexander in Plutarch’s Life of Alexander is rather nuanced and not entirely positive (see, for example, his behaviour in the East), Plutarch seems, in the stories of Alexander’s childhood, to be carefully presenting him as a perfect Greek model of a hero and a future leader.
Propagation of Financial Shocks: The Case of Venture Capital
Authors: Townsend Richard R.
Published: June 2015

This paper investigates how venture-backed companies are affected when others sharing the same investor suffer a negative shock. In theory, companies may be helped or hurt in this scenario. To examine the topic empirically, I estimate the impact of the collapse of the technology bubble on non-information-technology (non-IT) companies that were held alongside IInternet companies in venture portfolios. Using a difference-in-differences framework, I find that the end of the bubble was associated with a significantly larger decline in the probability of raising continuation financing for these non-IT companies in comparison to others. This does not appear to be driven by unobservable company characteristics such as company quality or IT relatedness; for the same portfolio company receiving capital from multiple venture firms, investors with greater Internet exposure were significantly less likely to continue to participate in follow-on rounds.

This paper was accepted by Itay Goldstein, operations management.
New light shed on vitamin D
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: June 2015

New research suggests that the vitamin could aid weight loss, explains Mark Greener
Statin prescribing and diabetes
Authors: Morris David
Published: June 2015

A recent guideline underlines the importance of statins in preventing cardiovascular disease, explains David Morris
The deteriorating DFU: prioritising risk factors to avoid amputation
Authors: Lew Eric J. , Mills Joseph L. , Armstrong David G.
Published: June 2015

The risk of amputation in a deteriorating diabetic foot ulcer is high. This article identifies the three major risk factors associated with such an infection — tissue loss, ischaemia and infection — and explains how to identify which risk is most prominent, and what to do to reduce the risk of amputation. Examples are included of how this approach has led to successful patient outcomes
Diabetes mellitus and the increased risk of foot injuries
Authors: Phillips Anne , Mehl Adriano Antonio
Published: June 2015

With one person dying from diabetes-related preventable complications, including foot complications, every 7 seconds across the world, it is clear this is a major health challenge. Foot ulceration in diabetes remains the commonest reason for hospital admission in Western countries. From neuropathy to peripheral vascular disease, the challenges are significant and can result in premature death, but early diagnosis by aware health-care professionals, combined with supporting people in self-care, can help reduce the problems of diabetes to manageable proportions
Want to avoid DFUs? A multidisciplinary team approach works best
Authors: Nteleki Bahle , Njokweni Mazizi
Published: June 2015

As the majority of diabetic foot ulcers are avoidable, patients with diabetes should be routinely screened for risk factors. When such factors are present, holistic assessment followed by rapid referral to the appropriate member of the multidisciplinary team will ensure that preventive measures are implemented to avoid the occurrence of ulcers. Best results will be achieved if the patient is fully involved in this process
What is the difference between happy and sad?
Authors: White Hilary
Published: June 2015

Hilary White kicks off a new series exploring key concepts in children's learning. Here she outlines how an understanding of similarity and difference helps children to understand the world and themselves.
Granny's travels
Authors: Hewson Claire
Published: June 2015

Using the pacey adventure story My Granny Went to Market as a starting point, Claire Hewson suggests ways to introduce the people, cultures, animals, plants and landscapes of other countries to children.
The mighty pen
Authors: Doyle Phoebe
Published: June 2015

Learning how to write is an important step in a child's education. Phoebe Doyle explores a range of activities to help children with handwriting and to encourage good pencil posture.
Every trick in the book
Authors: Doyle Phoebe
Published: June 2015

Phoebe Doyle offers ideas on how to make sure we give our children the ample supply of books and educational resources they need, at a price we can afford (e.g. taking part in book swaps).
Analysis of quantile regression as alternative to ordinary least squares
Authors: Abdullahi Ibrahim , Yahaya Abubakar
Published: June 2015

In this article, an alternative to ordinary least squares (OLS) regression based on analytical solution in the Statgraphics software is considered, and this alternative is no other than quantile regression (QR) model. We also present goodness of fit statistic as well as approximate distributions of the associated test statistics for the parameters. Furthermore, we suggest a goodness of fit statistic called the least absolute deviation (LAD) coefficient of determination. The procedure is well presented, illustrated and validated by a numerical example based on publicly available dataset on fuel consumption in miles per gallon in highway driving.
Application of the PEE Model to essay composition in an IELTS preparation class
Authors: Velasco Tovar Ender Orlando
Published: June 2015

Based on two case studies, this study investigates the application of the Point, Explanation, Example (PEE) model to essay composition in a multi-lingual IELTS preparation class. This model was incorporated into an eight-week programme of instruction to ESL adults in London, England. Students preparing for the IELTS exam were asked to write pre and post instruction essays on a given topic within 40 minutes. Employing the IELTS band descriptors (IELTS, 2013b) and analyses of coherence and cohesion in line with Systemic Functional Linguistic concepts (Halliday and Matthiessen, 2004; McCarthy, 1991), samples of students’ writing were analysed. Data from students’ pre and post instruction interviews was also gathered and analysed. The findings of this study suggest that the PEE model is to some extent effective in improving the essay composition performance of IELTS students, in particular in the area of cohesion and coherence. Students find the PEE model useful in regard to the clarity and structure that the model seems to add to their essays.
Ubicación y dimensionamiento como parámetros en el diseño de almacenes: revisión del estado de arte
Authors: Hualpa Zúñiga Andrés Mauricio , Suarez Roldan Carolina
Published: June 2015

Este artículo presenta una revisión literaria de los parámetros de ubicación y dimensionamiento en el diseño de almacenes, en el cual se identificaron modelos, métodos, algoritmos y herramientas que se han propuesto para abordar este problema. Se aplicó una metodología de exploración, recolección, clasificación, evaluación y selección de los trabajos publicados desde los años 1970 hasta 2012. El estudio concluye identificando posibles rutas de investigación en esta área de interés, a la luz de la revisión realizada.
Distinto, diferente o una crítica del plagio
Authors: Rojas Sergio A.
Published: June 2015

Distinto, diferente o una crítica del plagio es una nota editorial como reflexión ante el creciente número de casos de conducta anti-ética encontrados en la Revista.
Consideraciones sobre la línea de investigación en Inteligencia Organizacional en el Doctorado en Ingeniería de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas
Authors: Méndez Giraldo Germán Andres
Published: June 2015

Este documento presenta los aspectos más relevantes de la línea de investigación de Inteligencia Organizacional en el contexto del Doctorado en Ingeniera de la Universidad Distrital, cuyo principal énfasis es el de en Ciencia y Tecnología de la Información y del Conocimiento. Desde esta óptica, la Inteligencia Organizacional permite estudiar y entender las formas en que las organizaciones generan, socializan y utilizan el conocimiento individual y colectivo para su beneficio. Esta línea propende por contextualizar estos procesos en el caso colombiano, a su vez se pretende estudiar a las organizaciones sociales desde los enfoques basados en los modelos de inteligencia. Todo esto se encamina a difundir estas temáticas a fin de permitir que en el Doctorado se cree un mayor entendimiento y por ello, potencializar las investigaciones en el ámbito de las empresas y de la sociedad en general apoyadas por el grupo de investigación de Sistemas Expertos y Simulación.