bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Facing the challenges of PROM implementation in Dutch dialysis care: Patients’ and professionals’ perspectives
Authors: Sipma Wim S. , de Jong Margriet F. C. , Meuleman Yvette , Hemmelder Marc H. , Ahaus Kees (C.) T. B.
Published: May 2023

Background

Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) are increasingly used in routine clinical practice to facilitate patients in sharing and discussing health-related topics with their clinician. This study focuses on the implementation experiences of healthcare professionals and patients during the early implementation phase of the newly developed Dutch set of dialysis PROMs and aims to understand the process of early implementation of PROMs from the users’ perspectives.

Methods

This is a qualitative study among healthcare professionals (physicians and nursing staff: n = 13) and patients (n = 14) of which 12 were receiving haemodialysis and 2 peritoneal dialysis. Semi-structured interviews were used to understand the barriers and facilitators that both professionals and patients encounter when starting to implement PROMs.

Results

The early PROM implementation process is influenced by a variety of factors that we divided into barriers and facilitators. We identified four barriers: patient´s indifference to PROMs, scepticism on the benefits of aggregated PROM data, the limited treatment options open to doctors and organizational issues such as mergers, organizational problems and renovations. We also describe four facilitators: professional involvement and patient support, a growing understanding of the use of PROMs during the implementation, quick gains from using PROMs such as receiving instant feedback and a clear ambition on patient care such as a shared view on patient involvement and management support.

Conclusions

In this qualitative study carried out during the early implementation phase of the Dutch dialysis PROM set, we found that patients did not yet consider the PROM set to be a useful additional tool to share information with their doctor. This was despite the professionals’ primary reason for using PROMs being to improve patient–doctor communication. Furthermore, the perceived lack of intervention options was frustrating for some of the professionals. We found that nurses could be important enablers of further implementation because of their intensive relationship with dialysis patients.
Relationship between physical performance and perception of stress and recovery in daily life post COVID-19—An explorative study
Authors: Zorn Jule , Vollrath Shirin , Matits Lynn , Schönfelder Martin , Schulz Sebastian V. W. , Jerg Achim , Steinacker Jürgen M. , Bizjak Daniel A.
Published: May 2023

Introduction

COVID-19 is a multi-systemic disease which can target the lungs and the cardiovascular system and can also affect parts of the brain for prolonged periods of time. Even healthy athletes without comorbidities can be psychologically affected long-term by COVID-19.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate athletes’ perceived mental stress and recovery levels in daily life, and their maximal aerobic power, at three different time points, post COVID-19.

Methods

In total, 99 athletes (62.6% male), who had been infected by COVID-19, filled out the Recovery Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (REST-Q-Sport) and completed cardiopulmonary exercise testing (endpoint maximal aerobic power output (Pmax)) at the initial screening (t1: 4 months after infection). Follow-up assessments occurred three (t2, n = 37) and seven months after t1 (t3, n = 19).

Results

Subgroup means from the Recovery category were significantly below the reference value of four at all three time points, except “General Recovery” (3.76 (± 0.96), p = 0.275, d = 0.968) at t3.”Overtiredness” (2.34 (± 1.27), p = 0.020, r = 0.224) was significantly above the reference value of two at t1, while all other Stress subgroups were not significantly different from the reference value or were significantly below the maximum threshold of two at t1, t2 and t3. Spearman’s ρ revealed a negative association between Pmax and the subcategories of stress (ρ = -0.54 to ρ = -0.11, p < 0.050), and positive correlations between Pmax and “Somatic Recovery” (ρ = 0.43, p < 0.001) and “General Recovery” (ρ = 0.23, p = 0.040) at t1. Pmax (t1: 3.83 (± 0.99), t2: 3.78 (± 1.14), β = 0.06, p < 0.003) increased significantly from t1 to t2. In addition, REST-Q-Sport indicated a decrease in "Sleep" (t2 = 2.35 (± 0.62), t3 = 2.28(± 0.61), β = -0.18, p < 0.023) at t3, when compared to t2.

Conclusion

The perceived recovery seems to be negatively affected in post COVID-19 athletes. Physical performance post COVID-19 correlates with both “Emotional and Somatic Stress” and “Somatic and General Recovery”, indicating potential mental and physical benefits of exercise. While it is evident that COVID-19, like other viral infections, may have an influence on physical performance, monitoring stress and recovery perceptions of athletes is critical to facilitate their return-to-sports, while minimizing long-term COVID-19 induced negative effects like the athletic objective and subjective perceived recovery and stress levels.
The choice of region of interest after spinal procedures alters bone mineral density measurements
Authors: Lin Yen-Huai , Chou Che-Shi , Teng Michael Mu Huo
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Vertebrae affected by artifacts, such as metallic implants or bone cement, should be excluded when measuring the spine bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Exclusion may be performed using two methods: first, the affected vertebrae are included in the region of interest (ROI) and subsequently excluded from the analysis; second, the affected vertebrae are completely excluded from the ROI. This study aimed to investigate the influence of metallic implants and bone cement on BMD with and without the inclusion of artifact-affected vertebrae in the ROI.

Methods

DXA images of 285 patients, including 144 with spinal metallic implants and 141 who had undergone spinal vertebroplasty from 2018 to 2021, were retrospectively reviewed. Spine BMD measurements were performed when the images were evaluated using two different ROIs for each patient during the same examination. In the first measurement, the affected vertebrae were included in the ROI; however, the affected vertebrae were excluded from the BMD analysis. In the second measurement, the affected vertebrae were excluded from the ROI. Differences between the two measurements were evaluated using a paired t-test.

Results

Among 285 patients (average age, 73 years; 218 women), spinal metallic implants led to an overestimation of bone mass in 40 of 144 patients, whereas bone cement resulted in an underestimation of bone mass in 30 of 141 patients when the first measurement was compared with the second measurement. The opposite effect occurred in 5 and 7 patients, respectively. Differences in results between the inclusion and exclusion of the affected vertebrae in the ROI were statistically significant (p<0.001). Spinal implants or cemented vertebrae included in the ROI might significantly alter BMD measurements. Additionally, different materials were associated with varying modifications in BMD.

Conclusion

The inclusion of affected vertebrae in the ROI may notably alter BMD measurements, even when they are excluded from the analysis. This study suggests that the vertebrae affected by spinal metallic implants or bone cement should be excluded from the ROI.
Does Hexagonal Lattice Improve the Performance of QAM-FBMC?
Authors: Galdino Iandra , Zakaria Rostom , Le Ruyet Didier , de Campos Marcello
Published: May 2023

Quadrature amplitude modulation filter-bank multicarrier (QAM-FBMC) is a promising technology for future wireless communications systems. However, the intrinsic interference observed at the receiver can be a source of problems. In order to overcome the intrinsic interference, in this paper, we propose a QAM-FBMC system with hexagonal lattice structure, which we call HQAM-FBMC. We also propose a new prototype filter design, specifically for the HQAM-FBMC system, based on discrete prolate spheroidal sequences (DPSS). The proposed filters have also been optimized to reduce the intrinsic interference of the system. Moreover, we compare and analyze the performance of the QAM-FBMC system with the performance of the proposed HQAM-FBMC using the optimized filter through the bit error rate (BER).
The farming costs (including insurance) of the agricultural holdings in the European Union
Authors: Arych Mykhailo , Kuievda Iuliia , Dvořák Marek , Hinke Jana
Published: May 2023

The paper is devoted to exploring the farming costs (including insurance) indicators of the agricultural enterprises in the European Union. The analysis employs the box plot methodology that provides a five-number summary for a set of data. In this paper, we analyse the evidence of interconnection between the indicators of efficiency and competitiveness and insurance costs regarding food market security. This research discusses the dynamic changes of the absolute value of farming costs (including insurance) indicators and different relative indicators derived from the original one for the agricultural enterprise holdings in the European Union for the period of 2004-2019. The results show that farming costs (including insurance) indicators of the agricultural holdings should be considered as an instrument for providing food market security. Based on these research results, we are going to further explore the impact of insurance on the food market security. In addition, these research results could help to clarify the difference between EU countries and dynamic changes in farming costs (including insurance) indicators of agricultural holdings.
Социальная зрелость личности среди детерминант здоровьесберегающего поведения
Authors: Егорова Наталия Николаевна , Лавренюк-Исаева Наталья Михайловна , Франц Марина Валерьевна
Published: May 2023

Работа посвящена изучению факторов, влияющих на склонность индивидов к здоровьесбережению. Исследование базируется на данных репрезентативного социологического исследования, проведенного в Республике Башкортостан в 2015 г., объем выборки — 6264 респондента. Для измерения двух латентных переменных — локус-контроля и склонности к здоровьесбережению — применялась двухпараметрическая логит-модель (2PL), обоснованная в рамках IRT-теории. Влияние разных групп факторов на склонность к здоровьесбережению изучалось с применением регрессионного анализа.
Работа базируется на активно-деятельностном подходе, который рассматривает здоровьесберегающее поведение как процесс, во-первых, протекающий в определенных условиях и требующий для своей реализации определенного набора ресурсов (знаний, времени, денег и т.п.); во-вторых, протекающий осознанно, возможный только при наличии побудительных мотивов и их относительно высокой субъективной актуальности; в-третьих, как организованный и системный, требующий приложения индивидуальных усилий к своему планированию и осуществлению. В связи с этим в анализ были включены шесть групп факторов: демографические, семейные, культурно-образовательные, социально-экономические, побудительно-мотивационные, социальной зрелости. Установлено, что наибольший вклад в объяснение разного уровня склонности индивидов к здоровьесберегающему поведению вносят демографические факторы, при этом особенно велика роль пола. Из факторов социальной зрелости субъекта значимое отрицательное влияние на склонность к здоровьесбережению оказывает неуверенность в завтрашнем дне, значимо положительное — наличие относительно длинного горизонта планирования и интернальный локус-контроль. Результаты теоретического и эмпирического анализа могут быть интересны и полезны специалистам в области управления и экономики в сфере здравоохранения, профильным некоммерческим организациям.
Эволюция избирательных технологий в России: от поквартирного обхода до «цифры» и обратно
Authors: Колесник Наталья Владимировна
Published: May 2023

На основе интервью с российскими политтехнологами, представителями бизнеса и власти реконструируется процесс эволюции избирательных технологий в современной России. Используя эмпирические данные, автор исследует особенности формирования рынка избирательных услуг и то, какое влияние на избирательные кампании оказали представители власти, бизнеса, а также политтехнологи. Анализ избирательных технологий, реконструируемых из нарративов экспертов, показал, что они, как правило, эволюционируют вместе с общими политическими практиками в стране. Открывшийся в 1990-е годы рынок избирательных услуг стал отражением повышенного спроса на политику, отличную от советской, причем со стороны не только российского электората, но и новых политических деятелей, представителей бизнеса. В ходе проведенного эмпирического исследования выявлено, что в результате эволюции рынка избирательных услуг в России политические технологии подверглись значительной трансформации. Прошедшие выборные кампании показали, что применение административного ресурса часто имеет непредсказуемые последствия и потому сейчас активно применяются новые избирательные практики, которые резко технологизируют избирательный процесс и повышают точность в подсчете голосов. Традиционные методы ведения избирательной кампании в сочетании с цифровыми технологиями не только становятся новым способом коммуникации между кандидатом и электоратом, но и расширяют возможности участия в большой политике рядового гражданина и развития цифровой демократии в целом. В роли архитекторов цифровых продуктов выступают не только профессионалы избирательного рынка — политтехнологи, журналисты, представители политических партий и общественных движений, — но также разработчики и обычные пользователи.
China in Arabic Novels
Authors: Suleiman Nabil
Published: May 2023

This research attempts to study China’s image in contemporary Arabic novels through four modal novels: The Queen Kisses the Dragon Over its Mouth by Amin Zaoui from Algeria, The Fleet of the Sun by Ali Al-Hajri from Qatar, Trilogy of Beidaihe and Spring and Autumn by Hanna Mina from Syria. The researcher seeks to answer the following questions. How was China represented in these novels as others? And how did these novels represent the self? Also, how did these novels delineate the relationships between self and others, from the perspectives of individuals and societies, culturally, politically, and economically? How is the aesthetics of these novels established?
Breaking out of the “Margins”: A Study of Female Characters in Sunset Oasis
Authors: Niu Zimu , Wang Keni
Published: May 2023

Sunset Oasis (2007), the winner of the inaugural International Prize for Arabic Fiction (IPAF) in 2008, remains one of the most important and intricate works by Egyptian writer Bahaa Taher. Based on true historical events, the novel introduces female characters from varied nations and social classes. In spite of their differences, we find these women confined in the “margins” of patriarchal societies portrayed in the novel. This paper intends to shed new light on the circumstances of women imprisoned in the “margins” and on how they struggle against such marginalization. Indeed, women as individuals are unable to confront structural oppression and systematic inequality, as they question and reject the “discipline and punishment” of Patriarchy, and thus display an awareness the readers would applaud as ahead of their time. Hence, their seemingly fruitless endeavor is a glorious defeat.
Why Did the Arabs Not Translate Chinese Thought in Their Golden Age?
Authors: Al Hadi Bilal
Published: May 2023

This research deals with the image of China in the cultural heritage of the Arabs, especially in the writings of famous Arab authors such as Said al-Andalusi, Abu Hayyan al-Tawhidi, Ibn al-Muqaffa’, Al-Jahiz, Ibn al-Nadim and others. It was found that these writings did not mention Chinese thought, and the absence of Chinese thought can be seen as a black hole in the Arab heritage, despite the richness and depth of ancient Chinese thought. The researcher believed that the ancient Arabs did not know Chinese thought, nor did they learn about it through the Chinese language directly, so they concluded that it “did not exist”, and this imaginary non-existence contributed to this deep black hole. However, the situation has changed since the 21st century, when we find increasing direct exposure to Chinese culture, thanks to the increase in cultural exchanges between China and the Arab world, and the steady growth in all fields in Sino-Arab relations.
Research of dynamic phenomena in a model engine stand
Authors: Bogdan Derbiszewski , Marek Wozniak , Jozinkiewicz Damian , Zakrzewski Sergiusz , Kaczmarek Małgorzata , Binkowski Dominik , Obraniak Andrzej , Krzysztof Siczek
Published: May 2023

The highest loads on the elements of the crank–piston system of the internal combustion engine occur during the combustion phase which takes place successively in individual cylinders. Smaller, but also significant, loads occur beyond this phase when dynamic forces begin to play a dominant role. The latter depends on the degree of wear of the engine components. The aim of this article was to analyze the stresses in a model stand for testing dynamic phenomena in an internal combustion engine operating without the combustion process. A stand has been developed which includes a combustion engine driven by an electric motor placed on a mobile frame. The coast-down method was used to estimate the average values of the equivalent moment of inertia of the engine for various cylinder configurations with a lack of compression process due to a significant weakening of the valve springs or significant wear of the valve seats. This lack of compression was simulated on a bench by partially loosening the spark plug mounting. The article presents the values of the determined mean values of the equivalent moment of inertia of the engine and the stress values in the stand frame obtained from its model developed with the use of the finite element method. The obtained values were important from the point of view of the engine dynamics simulation process outside the combustion area and the safe foundation and operation of the stand frame during the experimental tests.
Equality in view of political correctness, cancel culture and other oxymora
Authors: Neuwirth Rostam J.
Published: May 2023

“Political correctness” and “cancel culture” are two concepts frequently invoked to control speech and influence debates with a view to establishing greater equality across the globe. Even though their usage has also been met with criticism, there is a strong merit in these attempts, as language change is indicative of wider cognitive changes that are eventually also transformed into changes in the law and society. Based on the wider trend of a rise in so-called “essentially oxymoronic concepts” in public discourses in general and equality debates in particular, this article proposes to analyse the present linguistic trends in order to better understand the deeper causes and related challenges to legal reasoning posed by “political correctness”, “cancel culture” and other terms that have been qualified as oxymora or paradoxes. Based on the view that oxymora and paradoxes are not mere aspects of language but also expressions of deeper layers of human cognition, the article ponders the need not merely to control the external aspects of language use but also to inquire more deeply into the inner workings of the brain and its underlying cognitive processes. In this endeavour it critically examines the dominant modes of dualistic or dichotomized thinking and binary logic, which – when regarded in isolation – appear to cause most discriminatory acts and violations of the principle of equality.
Energy Use Patterns in German Manufacturing from 2003 to 2017
Authors: von Graevenitz Kathrine , Rottner Elisa
Published: May 2023

The manufacturing sector accounts for a substantial share of the German gross domestic product, employment and carbon emissions. Therefore, reducing its energy use and carbon emissions is of crucial importance to Germany’s energy Transition. In this paper, we analyse energy use patterns in German manufacturing between 2003 and 2017, using rich administrative micro-data. We find that although the manufacturing sector has been faced with rising energy costs as a share of total costs, energy use has not declined except briefly during the economic crisis. We also find that energy intensity, and to a larger degree, carbon intensity follow a decreasing trend between 2003 and 2017. The stronger response of the latter variable can be attributed to changes in the fuel mix.
Clustering of football players based on performance data and aggregated clustering validity indexes
Authors: Akhanli Serhat Emre , Hennig Christian
Published: May 2023

We analyse football (soccer) player performance data with mixed type variables from the 2014-15 season of eight European major leagues. We cluster these data based on a tailor-made dissimilarity measure. In order to decide between the many available clustering methods and to choose an appropriate number of clusters, we use the approach by Akhanli and Hennig (2020. “Comparing Clusterings and Numbers of Clusters by Aggregation of Calibrated Clustering Validity Indexes.” Statistics and Computing 30 (5): 1523–44). This is based on several validation criteria that refer to different desirable characteristics of a clustering. These characteristics are chosen based on the aim of clustering, and this allows to define a suitable validation index as weighted average of calibrated individual indexes measuring the desirable features. We derive two different clusterings. The first one is a partition of the data set into major groups of essentially different players, which can be used for the analysis of a team’s composition. The second one divides the data set into many small clusters (with 10 players on average), which can be used for finding players with a very similar profile to a given player. It is discussed in depth what characteristics are desirable for these clusterings. Weighting the criteria for the second clustering is informed by a survey of football experts.
Geschichte and Historie in Schelling’s Early Studies of Christianity
Authors: Bhatti Yashua
Published: May 2023

In den frühen Arbeiten von Schelling findet sich eine empirische Historie des Christentums. Diese muss jedoch zusammengesetzt werden, und dazu muss zunächst geklärt werden, wie er zwei Begriffe unterscheidet: Geschichte und Historie. Erstere meint das spekulative Geschichtsverständnis; letztere das empirische Verständnis. Setzt man Schellings Historie, bzw. sein rein historisches Verständnis des Christentums zusammen, wird deutlich, dass es von der indischen Religion bis zum Protestantismus reicht. Sich über Schellings empirische Historie des Christentums im Klaren zu sein, ermöglicht, sein spekulatives Geschichtsverständnis, seine historische und spekulative Konstruktion des Christentums und seine Auffassung von Theologie im Allgemeinen besser zu verstehen.
Providenz nachlesen. Erzählstrategie und Relecture in der Josephsnovelle ausgehend von Gen 50,15–26
Authors: Rabel Magnus
Published: May 2023

Die Josephsnovelle ist ein Zeugnis der vordergründigen Widerfahrnisse Josephs und der hintergründigen Providenz Gottes. Um diese richtig zu verstehen, bedarf es der zielgerichteten Lektüre jener. Die Linse hierfür liefert die Josephsfigur im Schlussabschnitt 50,15–26 der Novelle. Dort bietet die Deutung Josephs eine providenzielle Sicht auf die Geschehnisse der vorherigen Kapitel. Dabei fungieren die engen Verbindungen von Kapitel 50 zu 37, das Motiv der Heimsuchung Gottes (50,24 f.), und des Hinaufführens der Gebeine Josephs (50,25) erzählstrategisch als Aufforderung zur Relecture, um mit einem geschärften Blick die verborgene Providenz Gottes in der Novelle von Kanaan nach Ägypten (neu) zu erkennen.
Hysteresis in three-dimensional multi-layer molecularly thin-film lubrication
Authors: Wu Zuo-Bing
Published: May 2023

For three-dimensional multi-layer molecularly thin-film lubrication system with elastic substrates, roles of hysteresis on tribological properties are investigated by using the multiscale simulation method. It is found that multiple stick-slip transitions with/without hysteresis loops appear in a sliding process and form a quasi-periodic progress with lattice distance. For the few-/multi-layer thin-film lubrication system, as the load increases, the hysteresis length monotonously increases/tends to keep constant. The hysteresis is mainly caused by the relaxation of metastable states of solid atoms in the elastic substrates, which delays the system back to its equilibrium states. In the quasi-periodic shearing progress, the effective elastic coefficients and the hysteresis lengths approximately remain unchanged, which reveals that although the hysteresis loops with the same lengths appear in the sliding process, the total systematic energy is still conserved. These findings not only provide a profound understanding of roles of hysteresis in the thin-film lubrication system but also show the effects of film layers and loads on the systematic tribological properties, which are of great significance for practical applications.
Running throughout Middle-Age Keeps Old Adult-Born Neurons Wired
Authors: Vivar Carmen , Peterson Ben , Pinto Alejandro , Janke Emma , van Praag Henriette
Published: May 2023

Exercise may prevent or delay aging-related memory loss and neurodegeneration. In rodents, running increases the number of adult-born neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, in association with improved synaptic plasticity and memory function. However, it is unclear whether adult-born neurons remain fully integrated into the hippocampal network during aging and whether long-term running affects their connectivity. To address this issue, we labeled proliferating DG neural progenitor cells with retrovirus expressing the avian TVA receptor in two-month-old sedentary and running male C57Bl/6 mice. More than six months later, we injected EnvA-pseudotyped rabies virus into the DG as a monosynaptic retrograde tracer, to selectively infect TVA expressing “old” new neurons. We identified and quantified the direct afferent inputs to these adult-born neurons within the hippocampus and (sub)cortical areas. Here, we show that long-term running substantially modifies the network of the neurons generated in young adult mice, upon middle-age. Exercise increases input from hippocampal interneurons onto “old” adult-born neurons, which may play a role in reducing aging-related hippocampal hyperexcitability. In addition, running prevents the loss of adult-born neuron innervation from perirhinal cortex, and increases input from subiculum and entorhinal cortex, brain areas that are essential for contextual and spatial memory. Thus, long-term running maintains the wiring of “old” new neurons, born during early adulthood, within a network that is important for memory function during aging.
Electrical Stimulation of Temporal and Limbic Circuitry Produces Distinct Responses in Human Ventral Temporal Cortex
Authors: Huang Harvey , Gregg Nicholas M. , Ojeda Valencia Gabriela , Brinkmann Benjamin H. , Lundstrom Brian N. , Worrell Gregory A. , Miller Kai J. , Hermes Dora
Published: May 2023

The human ventral temporal cortex (VTC) is highly connected to integrate visual perceptual inputs with feedback from cognitive and emotional networks. In this study, we used electrical brain stimulation to understand how different inputs from multiple brain regions drive unique electrophysiological responses in the VTC. We recorded intracranial EEG data in 5 patients (3 female) implanted with intracranial electrodes for epilepsy surgery evaluation. Pairs of electrodes were stimulated with single-pulse electrical stimulation, and corticocortical evoked potential responses were measured at electrodes in the collateral sulcus and lateral occipitotemporal sulcus of the VTC. Using a novel unsupervised machine learning method, we uncovered 2-4 distinct response shapes, termed basis profile curves (BPCs), at each measurement electrode in the 11-500 ms after stimulation interval. Corticocortical evoked potentials of unique shape and high amplitude were elicited following stimulation of several regions and classified into a set of four consensus BPCs across subjects. One of the consensus BPCs was primarily elicited by stimulation of the hippocampus; another by stimulation of the amygdala; a third by stimulation of lateral cortical sites, such as the middle temporal gyrus; and the final one by stimulation of multiple distributed sites. Stimulation also produced sustained high-frequency power decreases and low-frequency power increases that spanned multiple BPC categories. Characterizing distinct shapes in stimulation responses provides a novel description of connectivity to the VTC and reveals significant differences in input from cortical and limbic structures.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDisentangling the numerous input influences on highly connected areas in the brain is a critical step toward understanding how brain networks work together to coordinate human behavior. Single-pulse electrical stimulation is an effective tool to accomplish this goal because the shapes and amplitudes of signals recorded from electrodes are informative of the synaptic physiology of the stimulation-driven inputs. We focused on targets in the ventral temporal cortex, an area strongly implicated in visual object perception. By using a data-driven clustering algorithm, we identified anatomic regions with distinct input connectivity profiles to the ventral temporal cortex. Examining high-frequency power changes revealed possible modulation of excitability at the recording site induced by electrical stimulation of connected regions.
Representational Geometries Reveal Differential Effects of Response Correlations on Population Codes in Neurophysiology and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Cheng Zi-Jian , Yang Lingxiao , Zhang Wen-Hao , Zhang Ru-Yuan
Published: May 2023

Two sensory neurons usually display trial-by-trial spike-count correlations given the repeated representations of a stimulus. The effects of such response correlations on population-level sensory coding have been the focal contention in computational neuroscience over the past few years. In the meantime, multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) has become the leading analysis approach in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), but the effects of response correlations among voxel populations remain underexplored. Here, instead of conventional MVPA analysis, we calculate linear Fisher information of population responses in human visual cortex (five males, one female) and hypothetically remove response correlations between voxels. We found that voxelwise response correlations generally enhance stimulus information, a result standing in stark contrast to the detrimental effects of response correlations reported in empirical neurophysiological studies. By voxel-encoding modeling, we further show that these two seemingly opposite effects actually can coexist within the primate visual system. Furthermore, we use principal component analysis to decompose stimulus information in population responses onto different principal dimensions in a high-dimensional representational space. Interestingly, response correlations simultaneously reduce and enhance information on higher- and lower-variance principal dimensions, respectively. The relative strength of the two antagonistic effects within the same computational framework produces the apparent discrepancy in the effects of response correlations in neuronal and voxel populations. Our results suggest that multivariate fMRI data contain rich statistical structures that are directly related to sensory information representation, and the general computational framework to analyze neuronal and voxel population responses can be applied in many types of neural measurements.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDespite the vast research interest in the effect of spike-count noise correlations on population codes in neurophysiology, it remains unclear how the response correlations between voxels influence MVPA in human imaging. We used an information-theoretic approach and showed that unlike the detrimental effects of response correlations reported in neurophysiology, voxelwise response correlations generally improve sensory coding. We conducted a series of in-depth analyses and demonstrated that neuronal and voxel response correlations can coexist within the visual system and share some common computational mechanisms. These results shed new light on how the population codes of sensory information can be evaluated via different neural measurements.
Acetylation coordinates the crosstalk between carbon metabolism and ammonium assimilation in Salmonella enterica
Authors: Sun Yunwei , Zhang Yuebin , Zhao Tingting , Luan Yi , Wang Ying , Yang Chen , Shen Bo , Huang Xi , Li Guohui , Zhao Shimin , Zhao Guo‐ping , Wang Qijun
Published: May 2023

Enteric bacteria use up to 15% of their cellular energy for ammonium assimilation via glutamine synthetase (GS)/glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) in response to varying ammonium availability. However, the sensory mechanisms for effective and appropriate coordination between carbon metabolism and ammonium assimilation have not been fully elucidated. Here, we report that in Salmonella enterica, carbon metabolism coordinates the activities of GS/GDH via functionally reversible protein lysine acetylation. Glucose promotes Pat acetyltransferase‐mediated acetylation and activation of adenylylated GS. Simultaneously, glucose induces GDH acetylation to inactivate the enzyme by impeding its catalytic centre, which is reversed upon GDH deacetylation by deacetylase CobB. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations indicate that adenylylation is required for acetylation‐dependent activation of GS. We show that acetylation and deacetylation occur within minutes of “glucose shock” to promptly adapt to ammonium/carbon variation and finely balance glutamine/glutamate synthesis. Finally, in a mouse infection model, reduced S. enterica growth caused by the expression of adenylylation‐mimetic GS is rescued by acetylation‐mimicking mutations. Thus, glucose‐driven acetylation integrates signals from ammonium assimilation and carbon metabolism to fine‐tune bacterial growth control.
Deterministic and probabilistic fate decisions co‐exist in a single retinal lineage
Authors: Nerli Elisa , Kretzschmar Jenny , Bianucci Tommaso , Rocha‐Martins Mauricio , Zechner Christoph , Norden Caren
Published: May 2023

Correct nervous system development depends on the timely differentiation of progenitor cells into neurons. While the output of progenitor differentiation is well investigated at the population and clonal level, how stereotypic or variable fate decisions are during development is still more elusive. To fill this gap, we here follow the fate outcome of single neurogenic progenitors in the zebrafish retina over time using live imaging. We find that neurogenic progenitor divisions produce two daughter cells, one of deterministic and one of probabilistic fate. Interference with the deterministic branch of the lineage affects lineage progression. In contrast, interference with fate probabilities of the probabilistic branch results in a broader range of fate possibilities than in wild‐type and involves the production of any neuronal cell type even at non‐canonical developmental stages. Combining the interference data with stochastic modelling of fate probabilities revealed that a simple gene regulatory network is able to predict the observed fate decision probabilities during wild‐type development. These findings unveil unexpected lineage flexibility that could ensure robust development of the retina and other tissues.
LEXICAL COMPARISON OF MALAY-FRENCH CULTURES IN THE TRANSLATION OF ‘RIMBA HARAPAN’ NOVEL
Authors: Noraziah Abdul Aziz  , Pooveneswaran Nadarajan  , Robe'ah Yusuf  , Patricia Nora Riget
Published: May 2023

This paper discusses the analysis of vocabulary differences involving culture in the translation of the novel Rimba Harapan. This novel was written by Keris Mas. Data related to human cultural vocabulary were collected from the novel Rimba Harapan and translated into the French, La Jungle de l’espoir, which became the subject of research. The theoretical framework for data analysis included the cultural classification put forward by Newmark (1988) and the meaning component analysis performed by Kempson (1991). Text comparison methods were used to identify similarities and differences in meaning between the source text and the target text. The results of the analysis show that there are lexical differences in the translation process of Rimba Harapan. The results showed differences between the Malay culture in the French-language novel can be described as a lack in the lexical semantics of cultural identity. The results of this study can be of practical guidance in relation to the specific cultural aspects when using the strategy of translation when matching between English and French language.
KONSEP LIMA MIM: PERSEPSI PELAJAR TERHADAP GURU INOVATIF PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Wan Ali Akbar Wan Abdullah  , Nursafra Mohd Zhaffar  , Khadijah Abdul Razak  , Mohd Isa Hamzah
Published: May 2023

Konsep lima mim adalah konsep guru Pendidikan Islam yang memperincikan peranan guru Pendidikan Islam daripada lima konstruk, iaitu; mudarris, muaddib, murabbi, mursyid dan muallim. Penerimaan konsep ini menyebabkannya ia digunakan dalam pelbagai kajian sebagai kerangka. Konsep ini turut diubahsuai dan dikembangkan dalam model-model guru yang lain. Kajian ini dijalankan dengan menggunakan konsep lima mim untuk menilai persepsi pelajar terhadap guru inovatif Pendidikan Islam. Seramai 284 pelajar terlibat sebagai responden. Dapatan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Dapatan menunjukkan konstruk muaddib mempunyai nilai min yang lebih tinggi berbanding mim yang lain dan merupakan satu-satunya konstruk yang berada pada tahap sangat tinggi. Manakala konstruk mudarris pula mempunyai nilai min yang paling rendah, namun masih berada pada tahap tinggi. Kajian ini dapat memberikan panduan kepada para guru khususnya Guru Pendidikan Islam yang minat berinovasi untuk menyeimbangkan kualiti dan peranan sebagai mudarris, muaddib, murabbi, mursyid dan muallim agar berjaya menterjemahkannya ke dalam amalan pengajaran. 
The concept of five-mims is the concept of Islamic Education teachers that details the role of Islamic Education teachers from five constructs, namely; mudarris, muaddib, murabbi, mursyid and teacher. The acceptance of this concept caused it to be used in various studies as a framework. This concept is also modified and developed in other teacher models. This study was conducted by using the concept of five memes to evaluate students' perceptions of innovative Islamic Education teachers. A total of 284 students were involved as respondents. Findings were analyzed descriptively. Findings show that the construct of muaddib has a higher mean value compared to other memes and is the only construct that is at a very high level. While the mudarris construct has the lowest mean value, but is still at a high level. This study can provide guidance to teachers, especially Islamic Education Teachers who are interested in innovating to balance the quality and role as mudarris, muaddib, murabbi, mursyid and muallim in order to successfully translate it into teaching practice.
TERAS PEMIKIRAN ABU HAMID AL-GHAZALI PEMANGKIN KEMENJADIAN SAHSIAH INSAN HOLISTIK
Authors: Muhammad Zulazizi Mohd Nawi
Published: May 2023

Kajian ini menelusuri hujah kefalsafahan kependidikan Abu Hamid al-Ghazali dan beberapa inti pati pendekatan yang boleh diaplikasikan bagi pembangunan insan secara holistik iaitu menerusi metodologi kependidikan, kaedah-kaedah penerapan sahsiah dan akhlak serta halatuju yang diperlukan bagi memantapkan disiplin seseorang manusia. Kajian ini dijalankan menggunakan metode kepustakaan. Proses pengumpulan data pula adalah melalui sorotan ilmiah seperti kitab “Ihya Ulumuddin”, buku, jurnal, akhbar, artikel dan ensikopedia yang mana dikenali sebagai analisis dokumen yang dapat membantu melengkapkan lagi kajian. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa, beberapa perincian pengaplikasian landasan pemikiran sebenar daripada Abu Hamid al-Ghazali berdasarkan kriteria atau trait ilmunya dapat memberikan sumbangan kepada pembudayaan sahsiah dalam kalangan individu di mana jua.
This article examines the educational philosophical argumentation from Abu Hamid al-Ghazali and some essence of the approach can be holistically applied to human development, namely, through education methodology, rules and the application of moral character and direction are needed to strengthen the discipline of the human. This study was conducted using the library methods. The process of data collection was through conceptual analysis such as “Ihya’ Ulumuddin” books, other books, journals, newspapers, articles, and encyclopedia which is known as the analysis of documents that can help complement the study. The results showed that some details of the application of the theory of Abu Hamid al-Ghazali based criteria or traits of his knowledge can contribute to the culture of behaviour among individuals everywhere.
IMAM AL-NAWAWI: RIWAYAT RINGKAS TENTANG LATAR PEMIKIRAN DAN PENGARUHNYA
Authors: Ahmad Nabil Amir
Published: May 2023

Kertas ini membahaskan karya-karya penting yang dihasilkan tentang Imam al-Nawawi yang merumuskan tentang latar kehidupan, pemikiran, penulisan dan fatwa-fatwa hukum dan fiqhnya yang mendasar. Ia membandingkan keterangan-keterangan sejarah tentang biografi dan tradisi penulisannya yang signifikan dari sumber-sumber historis terkait dengan kehidupan Imam alNawawi. Sumber-sumber ini diperoleh dari kitab-kitab klasik dan mutakhir yang menguraikan latar riwayat dan pemikirannya dan menjelaskan pengaruhnya dalam pengembangan dan konstruksi hukum di abad pertengahan (pramoden) Islam. Ia menganalisis karya-karya dan pemikiran-pemikirannya yang berpengaruh dalam ilmu hadith, fiqh, sejarah, tabaqat, kalam, ‘aqidah, tasawwuf, tafsir dan lughah. Metode kajian adalah bersifat kualitatif dari jenis kajian perpustakaan. Ia menerapkan metode dokumentasi dari bahan-bahan perpustakaan berupa tesis kedoktoran, sarjana dan juga artikel, kertas kerja, jurnal, buku dan kitab-kitab klasik terkait dengan Imam al-Nawawi. Kajian menunjukkan bahawa karya-karya Imam al-Nawawi telah memberi pengaruh yang luas dalam pemikiran sunni Islam dan dalam pengembangan aliran mazhab tradisional al-Shafi’i dan tradisi ortodoksnya.
This paper discusses classical and contemporary works that analyze the influential works of Imam al-Nawawi, focusing on his principles works of hadith and law, and its traditional authority and impact in premodern Islam. It provides an analysis of the historical background of Imam al-Nawawi in light of the historical works of his contemporaries and later biographers. This essentially aims to highlight his influential works and its profound impact in the historical and intellectual tradition of Islam. The study is based on qualitative method using historical, descriptive and analytical approaches to analyze various documents and data related to the topic. It also provides an extensive and detailed study of hadith commentary by Imam al-Nawawi in his Sharh Sahih Muslim that explores his ways and principles of analyzing and interpreting hadith. It carefully studies his juristic opinion and ruling as reflected in his commentary of Sahih Muslim that had profoundly influence the theological current of Sunni Islam and its authority and traditional orthodoxy. The finding shows that the method used by Imam al-Nawawi is based on a highly interpretive strategies aims throughout at clarity and simplicity in presentation and exposition. He combined masterful juridical method and comprehensive grasp of a profound and distinctive aspect of the spirit and dynamic of shariah. His commentary focused entirely on the holistic standard of traditional teaching emphasizing on the added benefit of religious teaching. His work is meticulously and conclusively detailed and highly acclaimed as the significant commentary on Muslim’s collection of sound narration from the Prophet (pbuh).
SHP2 participates in decidualization by activating ERK to maintain normal nuclear localization of progesterone receptor
Authors: Chen Lin , Zhao Weijie , Li Mengxiong , Yang Yazhu , Tian Chengzi , Zhang Dengyang , Chang Zhiguang , Zhang Yunzhe , Zhao Zhizhuang Joe , Chen Yun , Ma Lin
Published: May 2023

In brief

The establishment and maintenance of embryo implantation and pregnancy require decidualization of endometrial stromal cells. This paper reveals that SHP2 ensures the correct subcellular localization of progesterone receptor, thereby safeguarding the process of decidualization.

Decidualization is the process of conversion of endometrial stromal cells into decidual stromal cells, which is caused by progesterone production that begins during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and then increases throughout pregnancy dedicated to support embryonic development. Decidualization deficiency is closely associated with various pregnancy complications, such as recurrent miscarriage (RM). Here, we reported that Src-homology-2-containing phospho-tyrosine phosphatase (SHP2), a key regulator in the signal transduction process downstream of various receptors, plays an indispensable role in decidualization. SHP2 expression was upregulated during decidualization. SHP2 inhibitor RMC-4550 and shRNA-mediated SHP2 reduction resulted in a decreased level of phosphorylation of ERK and aberrant cytoplasmic localization of progesterone receptor (PR), coinciding with reduced expression of IGFBP1 and various other target genes of decidualization. Solely inhibiting ERK activity recapitulated these observations. Administration of RMC-4550 led to decidualization deficiency and embryo absorption in mice. Moreover, reduced expression of SHP2 was detected in the decidua of RM patients. Our results revealed that SHP2 is key to PR's nuclear localization, thereby indispensable for decidualization and that reduced expression of SHP2 might be engaged in the pathogenesis of RM.
Homicides Disguised as Fire Deaths
Authors: Žiūkaitė Gabrielė , Jasaitė Marta , Chmieliauskas Sigitas , Vasiljevaitė Diana , Laima Sigitas , Banionis Dalius , Stasiūnienė Jurgita
Published: May 2023

Background: When conducting a forensic examination of burnt bodies, it is important to determine whether the victim was exposed to fire while alive or after death. The differential diagnosis between antemortem and postmortem burning is difficult and often cannot be made based on information obtained solely from the autopsy. The aim of the study is to review current literature on this topic and present clinical cases that illustrate how challenging the determination of vitality during the fire and manner of death can be.Materials and methods: We present four cases of burnt homicide victims, illustrating the complexity of forensic determination of the cause of death in the fire and the importance of differential diagnosis of antemortem and postmortem exposure to flames.Results: In the forensic assessment autopsy is a fundamental to determine the cause of death. When death is related to fire, particular findings during autopsy can help to suspect that the victim was alive. One of the main antemortem signs is the deposition of soot in the respiratory tract. Another important test is the toxicological analysis, which determines the level of carboxyhaemoglobin in the blood: a concentration of more than 50% indicates that the person died in the fire.Conclusions: Forensic examination of burnt bodies requires a comprehensive and detailed assessment of all available data. The autopsy, together with additional diagnostic forensic methods, including histological examination, toxicological analysis and postmortem computed tomography, allows the exact cause of death to be determined.