bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Óleos essenciais e vegetais no controle in vitro de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Authors: RAMOS K. , ANDREANI JUNIOR R. , KOZUSNY- ANDREANI D.I.
Published: November 2016

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antifúngica de óleos essenciais e vegetais no controle in vitro de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, agente causal da antracnose em pós-colheita de frutíferas. Treze óleos essenciais foram utilizados em concentrações de 0,00%, 0,40%, 0,80%, 1,70%, 3,20%, 6,25%, 12,50%, 25,00%, 50,00% e 100,00%, e uma linhagem padrão de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Foram avaliadas a concentração inibitória mínima e a concentração mínima fungicida a fim de caracterizar o potencial de cada um dos óleos essenciais avaliados. Verificou-se que os óleos utilizados apresentaram atividade fungicida em diferentes concentrações, as quais variaram de 0,80% (melaleuca), 3,20%, (eucalipto), 6,25% (limão, capim limão, cravo da índia, canela e nim), 12,5% (hortelã e citronela), 25% (copaíba), 50% (coco e gengibre) e 100% (manjericão). O óleo de nim apresentou maior redução da carga microbiana em função do tempo de exposição, sendo necessários 30 minutos para anulação da contagem microbiana. O efeito antifúngico dos óleos essenciais, para controle de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, depende da planta e da concentração empregada.
Descentralização da atenção em HIV-Aids para a atenção básica: tensões e potencialidades
Authors: Zambenedetti Gustavo , Silva Rosane Azevedo Neves da
Published: November 2016

Resumo Neste artigo, buscamos identificar e discutir as tensões que permeiam o processo de descentralização do diagnóstico para HIV e acompanhamento das pessoas vivendo com HIV-Aids para a atenção básica. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de base qualitativa, sob o viés analítico institucional, em Porto Alegre-RS. A análise considerou o recorte de dados referente aos grupos focais com equipes de uma unidade básica de saúde, entrevista com o coordenador municipal da política de DST-Aids, com profissional de matriciamento das ações de descentralização em HIV-Aids e com conselheiro local de saúde. Foram identificados problemas que tensionam o processo: equipes incompletas e rotatividade de profissionais; desconfiança em relação ao teste rápido; percepção de sobrecarga de trabalho; aspectos concernentes ao aconselhamento e comunicação diagnóstica. Entre os aspectos que tensionam favoravelmente para a efetivação do processo foram identificados: sensibilidade em relação aos dados epidemiológicos; perspectiva de trabalho segundo princípios do SUS e da saúde da família; capacitação e apoio matricial. Concluímos que o processo de descentralização envolve uma mobilização subjetiva do trabalhador e sua efetivação tem maiores condições de ocorrer sob a perspectiva de corresponsabilidade em vez de transferência de responsabilidade. A análise realizada pode auxiliar gestores e trabalhadores envolvidos em processos semelhantes.
Mediações na atenção à saúde sob a ótica da Teoria da Dádiva: a saúde da população rural em destaque
Authors: Ruiz Eliziane N. F. , Santos Vilma Fioravante dos , Gerhardt Tatiana Engel
Published: November 2016

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar, sob a perspectiva da Teoria da Dádiva, as implicações da mediação realizada pelos profissionais da saúde entre o usuário rural e as Políticas de Saúde. O estudo foi conduzido sob abordagem qualitativa, com produção de dados por entrevistas e observação participante com profissionais, usuários rurais e gestores do SUS de dois municípios do Rio Grande do Sul. Verificou-se que a mediação se mostra como uma possibilidade de os profissionais produzirem saúde, excedendo os limites técnicos e biomédicos, ao se estabelecer relações mais simétricas com os usuários e se exercitar a capacidade de compreender as especificidades da vida e valores rurais. Esses elementos fomentaram a circulação de materialidades e imaterialidades que têm a potência de produzir afeto, cidadania e solidariedade enquanto bens de saúde. Contudo, constatou-se que estigmas em relação ao modo de vida rural interferem na forma como os profissionais atuam junto aos usuários, fazendo de suas necessidades, por vezes, um evento redutível à tutela profissional, que mais exclui e dificulta o acesso aos serviços de saúde do que produz cuidado. Por fim, entende-se que problematizar a vida rural é ímpar para que as ações em saúde tenham êxito.
Análise de metais pesados no Sistema Aquífero Bauru em Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Uechi Denise Aguena , Gabas Sandra Garcia , Lastoria Giancarlo
Published: November 2016

RESUMO Os metais pesados são contaminantes de grande preocupação ao atingirem os aquíferos, devido à sua toxicidade em determinadas concentrações e a sua difícil remediação. Este estudo visou analisar as concentrações de cobre (Cu), cromo (Cr), ferro (Fe), manganês (Mn) e zinco (Zn) presentes no Sistema Aquífero Bauru (SAB), no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, no período de 2009 a 2013. Os teores de Cu, Cr e Zn mantiveram-se dentro dos limites de potabilidade estabelecidos na legislação brasileira, ao contrário do Mn e do Fe. Há, na área de afloramento do Aquífero. Atividades econômicas podem influenciar na qualidade das águas subterrâneas, como, por exemplo, o uso da vinhaça na fertirrigação na cultura de cana-de-açúcar e o curtimento mineral do couro. Este estudo teve o objetivo de reforçar a importância da consolidação de uma rede de monitoramento da qualidade das águas subterrâneas, a fim de estabelecer um zoneamento de vulnerabilidade à poluição por meio de medidas de controle, prevenção e remediação.
Enhancing Endocrine Therapy Combination Strategies for the Treatment of Postmenopausal HR+/HER2– Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Pritchard Kathleen I. , Chia Stephen K. , Simmons Christine , McLeod Deanna , Paterson Alexander , Provencher Louise , Rayson Daniel
Published: November 2016

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in women worldwide, with approximately two-thirds having hormone receptor-positive (HR+) tumors. New endocrine therapy (ET) strategies include combining ET agents as well as adding inhibitors targeting growth factors, angiogenesis, the mechanistic target of rapamycin, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), or cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 to ET. Level 1 evidence supports use of fulvestrant plus anastrozole or palbociclib plus letrozole as first-line therapy for HR+/HER− advanced BC with special consideration for the former in ET-naïve patients, as well as everolimus plus exemestane or palbociclib plus fulvestrant as second-line therapy with special consideration in select first-line patients. Although the safety profiles of these combinations are generally predictable and manageable, both everolimus and palbociclib are associated with an increased risk of potentially serious or early-onset toxicities requiring individualized a priori adverse event risk stratification, earlier and more rigorous agent-specific monitoring, and patient education. Although each of these combinations improves progression-free survival, none with the exception of anastrazole plus fulvestrant have demonstrated improved overall survival. PI3K catalytic-α mutations assessed from circulating tumor DNA represent the first potentially viable serum biomarker for the selection of ET combinations, and new data demonstrate the feasibility of this minimally invasive technique as an alternative to traditional tissue analysis. Therapeutic ratios of select ET combinations support their use in first- and second-line settings, but optimal sequencing has yet to be determined.
The relevance of roundness to the crushing strength of granular materials
Authors: Cavarretta I. , O'Sullivan C. , Coop M. R.
Published: November 2016

The prediction of the crushing strength of sands is still an unresolved problem in soil mechanics. For natural sand grains with a regular geometry, Weibull theory has long been adopted to explain the decay of a nominal crushing strength with increasing particle size. The Weibull parameters for a given soil relate strength to size, and, although useful, this is an empirical framework that does not consider the mechanics of crushing. This study aims to provide a more fundamental assessment of the relationship between size, roundness, the stresses induced within the particles, and their crushing strength. A new grain-scale failure criterion is proposed, based on physical experiments on artificial and natural particles, Hertzian analysis and numerical simulations. It considers the physical properties of the particles, including the shape of the grain, as described by the roundness, and both its elastic and plastic features in terms of Young's modulus, Poisson ratio and hardness. The new criterion is suitable for implementation in particle-scale crushing simulations of granular masses, using, for example, the discrete-element method, as well as in improved probabilistic frameworks.
Modelling speed–flow relationships for bicycle traffic flow
Authors: Jin Sheng , Shen Lixiao , Liu Meiqi , Ma Dongfang
Published: November 2016

Speed–flow relationships used to describe speed characteristics are very useful, especially as they can be utilised to analyse capacity and level of service. Speed–flow relationships for motorised vehicles have been widely studied, but those for heterogeneous bicycle flow have yet to be examined. This research thus aimed to develop speed–flow relationships for heterogeneous bicycle traffic flow, incorporating the factors of bicycle type and characteristics of cyclists such as percentages of electric bicycles (EBs), male cyclists, elderly cyclists and cyclists carrying loads. On the basis of field bicycle traffic data from 11 cycleway sections, three speed–flow relationships for different numbers of cycleway lanes were developed. The three models were further validated and used to examine the effects of bicycle type and characteristics of cyclists on the speed–flow relationships for bicycle traffic. The results showed that bicycle speed increases with the percentage of EBs on the cycleway, while the proportion of elderly cyclists has no significant effect on bicycle speed. Cyclists carrying loads and male cyclists have negative impacts on bicycle speed for a narrow width of cycleway. The findings of this study provide some countermeasures for bicycle planning and management.
ESTUDO DE CASO SOBRE TENDÊNCIAS DE MUDANÇAS NOS CENÁRIOS DE PRÁTICA EM ESCOLAS MÉDICAS
Authors: Silva Marcos Alex Mendes da , Mendes Amanda De Almeida Jannuzzi , Almeida de Souza Maria Cristina
Published: November 2016

Introdução: Estudos sobre a autoavaliação a que se submeteram as escolas médicas brasileiras, participantes do Projeto daComissão de Avaliação das Escolas Médicas, com destaque para o eixo de cenários de prática, demonstraram que a utilizaçãode diferentes cenários na formação acadêmica foi sendo progressivamente estimulada, alinhando-aàs propostas das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais e dos programas ministeriais para a aproximação do ensino com os serviços do Sistema Único de Saúde.Objetivo: Conhecer a tendência de avanço da formação das escolas médicas do estado de Minas Gerais, considerando o eixo decenários de prática e o incentivo dos programas Pró e Pet saúde para a formação integrada no serviço e na comunidade. Materiale Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de caso, composto por quatro cursos de graduação em Medicina, com alunos frequentandono mínimo o primeiro módulo do internato, e que aceitaram participar voluntariamente do estudo, aprovado pelo CEP UFJFCAAE 38645814.0.0000.5147. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionário estruturado virtual, elaborado a partir doinstrumento proposto pelo projeto de autoavaliação da Comissão de Avaliação das Escolas Médicas, considerando apenas as trêsvariáveis relacionadas aos cenários de prática, e enviado aos coordenadores de curso. Resultados: O estudo de caso não pretendeu generalizar os resultados para as demais instituições de ensino. Verificou-se que os cursos, tanto com o Pró e Pet Saúde, quanto sem os programas, adotam diferentes cenários para a aprendizagem acadêmica e proporcionam ao discente ampla participação nos vários ambientes de prática ao longo de todo curso, utilizando de forma integral os serviços em todos os níveis de atenção. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que nessas escolas médicas predomina uma tendência mais avançada de formação acadêmica.
CHILDHOOD POSTERIOR CIRCULATION ISCHEMIC STROKE: AN UNCOMMON CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE. CASE REPORT
Authors: Valsechi Linoel Curado , Paula Raquel Siqueira Leonel de , Brito Manuelina Mariana Capellari Macruz , Meguins Lucas Crociati , Albuquerque Regina Célia Ajeje Pires
Published: November 2016

Introduction: Stroke is characterized as a sudden onset of neurological deficit that results from a c erebrovascular event. Themost commonly identified causes of ischemic stroke in children are cerebral arteriopathies, congenital, or acquired cardiac diseases,sickle cell disease, and thrombophilias. In children, due to the low incidence and absence of specific methods to assessand measure correctly this entity, stroke recognition is usually delayed. Case Report: A 20 months-old girl was admitted to theemergency department presenting a history of two episodes of vomits, irritability, continuous crying, and strabismus that startedsuddenly. On neurological assessment, it was found divergent strabismus with right medial rectus muscle palsy and reduced rightpupillary reflex to light associated with instable gait. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an ischemic lesion on theright pontomesencephalic region. The patient received clinical support. On the fifth day, she was discharged with a prescription ofaspirin, good clinical conditions, stable gait, and persistence of the divergent strabismus. Conclusion: Posterior circulation ischemicstroke is an important cause of morbidity and mortality on pediatric population and must be remembered to avoid diagnosisdelay.
CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE INTERVENÇÃO DE ENFERMAGEM E CARGA DE TRABALHO EM CENTRO DE INFUSÃO DE QUIMIOTERAPIA
Authors: Souza Celia Alves de , Perroca Marcia Galan , Jericó Marli De Carvalho , Amerlin Maria Vigonet Araújo , Gomes João Junior
Published: November 2016

Introdução: A aplicação de quimioterápicos em centros de infusões tem como desafio o tempo de permanência do pacientee as intervenções de enfermagem a serem executadas nesse período. Objetivos: Identificar as ações realizadas porenfermeiros em um centro de infusão de quimioterápicos, segundo a Nursing Intervention Classi ications e mensurar a cargade trabalho e a produtividade. Casuística e Métodos: Estudo observacional com a técnica de amostragem de trabalho,desenvolvido no centro de infusão de quimioterapia de um hospital de grande porte, do interior do estado de São Paulo,especializado em Oncologia. Os sujeitos foram sete enfermeiros com 1.487 atividades observadas. Resultados: A análiseconstitui-se de 35 intervenções e 85 atividades. O tempo médio de intervenções dos enfermeiros em cuidados indiretos foi:supervisão de funcionários (27,2 min) verificação do carrinho de emergência (23,3 min) e consulta (23,1 min). As atividadesmais frequentes foram: troca de informações sobre cuidados de saúde (12,2%); documentação (1,5%); administração demedicamentos por via endovenosa (11,1%); 11,6% em atividades associadas e 12% em atividades pessoais, com produtividademédia de 88,0%. Conclusão: Com a utilização da Nursing Intervention Classi ications foi possível identificar a carga detrabalho de enfermagem em centro de infusão de quimioterápicos, apontando um índice de produtividade acima dorecomendado em literatura.
PALHAÇOTERAPIA: ALTERAÇÃO DO PERFIL ÁLGICO E EMOCIONAL DE PACIENTES GERIÁTRICOS HOSPITALIZADOS
Authors: Rossi Isabela , Batigália Fernando , Júnior Randolfo Dos Santos
Published: November 2016

Introdução: Os idosos ao serem internados em hospitais tornam-se suscetíveis ao desenvolvimento de transtornos mentais, necessitando portanto, de atividades que atuem de modo distrativo, promovendo bem-estar emocional e diminuição da sensação dolorosa. Nesse contexto, as atividades lúdicas, em especial a palhaçoterapia, apresentam-se como uma alternativa de baixo custo para minimizar essa problemática. Objetivos: Caracterizar a população idosa internada em um hospital terciário, avaliar a presença de sintomas ansiosos e depressivos nessa amostra, bem como se há melhora no estado emocional e diminuição da percepção de dor desses pacientes, após as intervenções dos “palhaços-doutores”. Casuística e Métodos: Participaram do estudo 35 idosos internados no Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto, sendo aplicados questionários (ficha de identificação, Inventário de Ansiedade Geriátrica, Escala de Depressão Geriátrica, escala unidirecional de dor, autoavaliação do estado emocional), por uma acadêmica previamente treinada, 1 hora antes e 1 hora após as intervenções lúdicas. Os dados obtidos foram posteriormente comparados e analisados de forma descritiva e qualiquatitativamente pelo teste estatístico de Wilcoxon. Resultados: Notou-se no perfil dos idosos analisados, prevalência de participantes do sexomasculino (57,5%), frequente histórico de internações anteriores (85,7%) e presença sintomas de ansiedade (40%). Em relaçãoàs alterações percebidas, antes e após as intervenções houve significante diminuição da sensação de dor (P=0,001) e melhorano estado emocional dos entrevistados, diminuindo as autoanalises de preocupação, ansiedade e tristeza, aumentando alegria eanimação. Conclusão: Os dados indicam que a palhaçoterapia é um método capaz de reduzir a sensação dolorosa, bem comopromover a melhoraria do estado emocional de pacientes idosos internados.
Comparative study of ultrasound guided supra-scapular nerve block versus intra-articular steroid injection in frozen shoulder
Authors: Sonune Swapnil P. , Gaur Anil K. , Gupta Shefali
Published: November 2016

Background: Frozen shoulder is one of the most common musculoskeletal problems seen in orthopaedics. Many treatment modes are available however, it is difficult to treat and data on the comparative efficacy of various interventions are limited. Intra-articular corticosteroid injection (IASI) is a commonly used to treat frozen shoulder pain. Supra-scapular nerve block (SSNB) is also effective method to treat pain in chronic diseases that affect the shoulder. The present study was done to compare efficacy of ultrasound guided SSNB and IASI in management of painful frozen shoulder.

Methods: 60 patients with painful frozen shoulder were divided in two groups, Group A received ultra-sound guided SSNB with 6 ml 0.5% Bupivacaine; Group B received IASI using 40 mg Triamcinolone. Outcome measures were shoulder ranges mainly lateral rotation and abduction, shoulder pain and disability index and visual analogue scale (VAS). Patients were followed-up on 2nd day, at 1st, 3rd and 6th week.

Results: All baseline parameters improved significantly in both groups; however, on comparison Group A showed significant improvement in passive lateral rotation on 2nd day and 1st week follow up (P =0.038 and 0.040 respectively). VAS score showed significance at all follow-up in Group A, whereas, in Group B significance was seen after 1 week. On inter group comparison Group A shows significance on 2nd day (P =0.050), 1st week (P =0.042) and 3rd week (P =0.036).
Conclusions:Both SSNB and IASI have efficacy in management of frozen shoulder. But supra-scapular nerve block is better than intra-articular injection and should be considered prior to steroid as it has early onset pain relief, early improvement in ranges, potentially lesser contraindications and side effects.
 
Carbon Nanotubes Generated from Polyphenyl Acetylene
Authors: Rajesh B. , Karthikeyan S. , Bonard J.-M. , Thampi K. Ravindranathan , Viswanathan B.
Published: November 2016

The carbonization of polyphenyl acetylene in alumina matrix yields uniform, cylindrical, monodisperse carbon nanotubes with outer diameter almost equal to pore diameter of the alumina membrane used. The
electrochemical characteristics reveal that the charge transfer at the composite electrode based on carbon nanotube might be higher compared to that of planar graphite, glassy carbon and composite electrode based on commercially available Vulcan XC72R carbon. Pt-Ru nanoparticles are highly dispersed inside the tube with an average particle size of 1.7 nm as revealed by HR-TEM images. 
Some Peculiarities of Creation of Stable Polyimide - Azo Chromophore System
Authors: Kudaikulova S.K. , Boiko G.I. , Shalabaeva I.I. , Zhubanov B.A. , Abadie M.J.M.
Published: November 2016

Azo dyes: methyl orange, methyl red, congo red have been suggested as doping agents for formulation of stable soluble azo dye - polyimide (PI) system according to guest-host scheme. The dyes were added to
the reactive mixture of monomers: dianhydrides of alicyclic tetracarboxylic acids and aromatic diamines. Polyimide synthesis was carried out by one step polycyclocondensation in protolytic media. Addition of azo dyes influences on the molecular weights of final PIs. In great extent they depend on the nature and concentration of doping agent. Investigation of dependence of reduced viscosity of PI on monomers concentration, duration and temperature of synthesis, concentration of doping agent. It has been determined that addition of dyes to the reaction mixture up to definite value rises molecular weights of PIs from 45-50 000 up to 320-330 000. The most efficient catalyst is congo red. However some functional groups of azo dyes disturb equimolarity of the reaction by interaction with one of main monomers. The colour of thus doped PIs is stable under processing and high temperatures. Stability of the azo dye - polyimide system depends on interaction of NLO agent with polyimide chain. It is suggested that congo red molecules can coordinate with carbonyl groups of polymer. PI films display solvatochromic properties.
Polyfunctional Anion Exchangers on the Basis of Allyl Compounds, Glyсydilic Ethers of Dioxybenzenes and Some Di- and Polyamines
Authors: Ergozhin E.E. , Chalov A.K. , Mukhitdinova B.A. , Iskakova R.A.
Published: November 2016

Scientific basis for preparation of new carbon-mineral adsorbents, supports, highly selective catalysts, and composite materials synthesized by a carbide cycle mechanism on the finely disperse particles of the iron subgroup metals, their alloys with some other metals is discussed. It was found that the carbide cycle mechanism involves the chemical and physical steps. The regularities of the process performance on the both stages are considered. Graphite filaments may be formed of graphite layers with either coaxial-cylindrical, coaxial-conic or stack orientations in the filament body. A number of primary and secondary properties of the graphite aggregates is being discussed. We have developed the methods for control the synthesis of carbon-mineral materials of the specified properties by varying the parameters of the metal particles, the nature of hydrocarbon decomposition, and the process mode.
The Influence of the Substituting Element (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) in La1.7M0.3NiO4+δ on the Electrochemical Performance of the Composite Electrodes
Authors: Pikalova E.Yu. , Kolchugin A.A.
Published: November 2016

The actual work focuses on the development of electrochemically active and stable electrodes for a high temperature proton-conducting electrolyte with a perspective of application in intermediate temperature electrochemical devices. The comparative study of the electrochemical performance of the La1.7M0.3NiO4+δ – based (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) composite cathodes with proton-conducting BaCe0.89Gd0.1Cu0.01O3 or oxygen-ion-conducting Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 ceramic components in contact with the proton-conducting electrolyte BaCe0.89Gd0.1Cu0.01O3 was performed by an impedance spectroscopy in wet air during 1500 h. The composites were used as functional layers in bi-layered electrodes with current collector layers made of 98 wt.% LаNi0.6Fe0.4O3 + 2 wt.% CuO or 99.4 wt.% La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 + 0.6 wt.% CuO.
Study on the Structure and Morphology of Iron Nanopowders Obtained by the Method of Electric Explosion of Wires
Authors: Partizan G. , Mansurov B.Z. , Medyanova B.S. , Koshanova А.B. , Mansurova M.E. , Aliyev B.А.
Published: November 2016

This article presents the results of comprehensive study on the structure and
morphology of iron nanopowders synthesized by electric explosive evaporation of
metal wire. The results of scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed
that nanoclusters have a spherical shape with an average diameter of 65 nm. It
was revealed based on the analysis of the diffraction patterns that nanoparticles of
nanopowders obtained in electric explosion have a crystal lattice with a parameter
less than a standard cell. The results of computer experiments are in good agreement
with the findings of X-ray analysis. However, the question about the reasons of
distortion of the crystal lattice of nanoclusters remains controversial.
Oxidation of Sodium Hypophosphite by Oxygen in Alcoholic Solutions of Ferrum (III)
Authors: Polimbetova G.S. , Aleshkova M.M. , Bugubaeva G.O. , Ibraimova Zh.U. , Borangazieva A.K.
Published: November 2016

Hypophosphites are widely used as reducers in the metal protection coating, as reagents in the synthesis of various organophosphorus compounds, in analytical chemistry, and in many other fields. NaH2PO2 difficultly reacts with many oxidizers without catalysts despite of the significant reduction potential. The kinetics and the mechanism of hypophosphite oxidation in aqueous acid solution of the metal and nonmetal salts are studied in detail. The reactivity of hypophosphite in the organic solvents was not almost studied. In this work the basic possibility of synthesis dialkylphosphites from cheap, accessible and harmless NaH2PO2 and alcohols is shown. Sodium hypophosphite is oxidized by oxygen in alcoholic solutions of FeCl3 at 50-80 °С to dialkylphosphites. Kinetic and mechanism of the reaction are investigated by methods of volumetry, redox-potentiometry, GC, IR-, UV-, EPR-, Mössbauer- and NMR 31Р-spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction analysis, optimum conditions are found, kinetic and activation parameters of the reaction are calculated. It is shown, that the process follows redox-mechanism and consists of two key stages: reduction of Fe (III) by hypophosphite with formation of dialkylphosphite and reoxidation of Fe (II) by oxygen. The coordination mechanism of reduction reaction of Fe (III) by hypophosphite is proposed. According to this mechanism the dialkylphosphite forms through innersphere redox-decomposition of intermediate alcoxyhypophosphite complex of Fe (III). The coordination mechanism of the process is confirmed by low values of Е≠ and negative activation entropies ∆S≠. The availability in an inner sphere of Fe (III) bromide, low-molecular alcohols, water, characterized by high acidity, increases the reaction rate of oxidative alcoxylation of hypophosphite and promotes the further transformation of dialkylphosphite to di- and trialkylphosphate.
Characterization of Mn-Doped Vanadium Phosphorus Oxide (VPO) Catalyst: Effect of Ball Milling
Authors: Taufiq-Yap Y.H. , Goh C.K.
Published: November 2016

The effect of ball milling on the structure and surface reactivity of the Mn-doped vanadium phosphorus oxide (V–P–O) catalyst is discussed. Mn-doped VOHPO4·½H2O precursor was prepared via organic method. The precursor was ball milled in isopropyl alcohol using agate balls for 60 min at 800 rpm. XRD, BET surface area measurements, SEM, O2-TPD, H2-TPR and TPD of NH3 were used to characterize properties of the final catalysts. The results revealed that mechanical treatment of Mn-doped V–P–O catalyst increased surface area as well as reduced particle size of the material. Furthermore, process also increased exposure of (001) crystallographic plane of VOHPO4·½H2O precursor. The secondary structure of the milled material is also lost. The total amount of oxygen desorbed (from O2-TPD) and removed (by H2-TPR) from milled material is higher compared to the unmilled one. The surface acidity of the catalyst was also increased after milling process, as evidenced by lower desorption temperature and higher total amount of the ammonia desorbed.
Innovative Solid Formulations for Rocket Propulsion
Authors: DeLuca Luigi Tonino
Published: November 2016

Solid rocket propulsion enjoys several unique properties favoring its use in space exploration and military missions still for decades to come, in spite of being by far the most mature propulsion technology among those currently employed. Yet, solid rocket propellants also suffer a limited performance in terms of gravimetric specifi c impulse. Although many high-energy density materials have been identifi ed, most of them are far from being practically usable in the short range due to a variety of severe diffi culties, including cost considerations. Presently, no integrated vehicle designs make use of these potential propellant ingredients
and formulations. Work is continuing worldwide and a broad overview will be discussed in this paper based on a joint international editorial effort just completed. After a quick historical survey, the current situation in terms of advanced solid oxidizers, metal fuels, and binder systems is scrutinized. Particular attention is paid to Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN)-based formulations to overcome the limitations of the currently used ones based on Ammonium Perchlorate (AP). The latter imply not only a limited gravimetric specifi c impulse but also a negative impact on the environment because of copious emissions of hydrochloric acid (HCl) as well as personal health because of perchlorate competition with iodide in entering the thyroid gland. Based on recent experimental investigations, due to its intrinsic ballistic properties, it turns out that ADN-based dual-oxidizer systems with Albased dual-metal fuels and inert or energetic binders are promising solutions for a variety of solid rocket propulsion aiming respectively at minimizing environmental impact (ADN + Ammonium Nitrate AN) or maximizing performance (ADN + AP). Yet, a lot of work remains to be done in order to upgrade these formulations to industrial applications. In particular, adequate analyses of manufacture, mechanical, and hazard properties are required.
New Generation of High-Energy Chemical Propellants Based on Nano-Components
Authors: Babuk V.A. , Zelikov A.D.
Published: November 2016

A possibility of designing propellant, in which the energy of intermolecular interaction in addition to chemical energy can be used, is considered. Application fine nano-components (clusters) in similar propellants is supposed. The method, which is based on positions of nanothermodynamics, is developed for determination of thermodynamic functions of similar particles (enthalpy, chemical potential, chemical affi nity in relation to various environments etc.). It is considered that for set of particles positions of classical and statistical thermodynamics are to the full right. Application of optimizing procedure is discussed. The standard system of readout, ideology of «supramolecule» and principles of statistical thermodynamics are applied to searching nanoparticles thermodynamic functions. The comparative analysis of this method and the method of quantum chemistry is carried out. Effi ciency of the suggested method is demostrated. Results of calculations have allowed drawing a conclusion that use of fi ne nano-components allows increasing essentially an energy potential of the propellants. High activity of fi ne nanoparticles results in rather high probability of coagulation of these particles and their interaction with environment. It is obvious that realization of this phenomena leads to sharp falling of a store of fine nanoparticles energy. Thus, a considerable problem at developing propellants on the basis of the specifi ed components is stabilization of nanoparticles. The analysis of various ways of this problem solution is carried out. It is shown that the method of steric (polymeric) stabilization of nano-particles is preferable. The estimation of stabilized nanoparticles characteristics and of stabilizing polymer weight is carried out. It is shown that application of polymeric coverings insignifi cantly reduces an energy potential of nanoparticles. The results obtained allow estimating the possibilities and operation conditions of different propellants.
Принципи управління безпекою потоків повітряного руху та пропускною здатністю в умовах невизначеності
Authors: Bo Wang , Kharchenko Volodymyr , Chynchenko Yuriy
Published: November 2016

Мета: Метою цього дослідження є вивчення загальних принципів управління безпекою та пропускною здатністю в аеронавігаційних системах щодо потоків повітряного руху в умовах невизначеності. У цій роботі запропоновано теоретичні основи спільної оцінки моделі невизначеності і моделі планів польоту. Методи дослідження: Для вивчення особливостей забезпечення безпеки потоків повітряного руху та пропускної здатності в умовах невизначеності було побудовано оригінальні імовірнісні моделі, включаючи Байєсову мережу для планів польотів і модель сектора повітряного руху на основі біноміального розподілу Пуассона. Результати: Було отримано моделі для управління безпекою потоків повітряного руху та пропускної здатності в умовах невизначеності. Розглянуто відповідний підхід для оцінки параметрів безпеки потоків повітряного руху та пропускної здатності в умовах невизначеності і Марковську модель невизначеності для плану польоту. Обговорення: Розроблено Баєсову мережу для плану польотів і модель сектора повітряного руху для управління безпекою потоків повітряного руху та пропускною здатністю в умовах невизначеності.
Штучна нейронна мережа для передтренажерної підготовки авіадиспетчера
Authors: Shmelova Tatyana , Sikirda Yuliya , Zemlyanskiy Andriy , Danilenko Olena , Lazorenko Vitalii
Published: November 2016

Мета: Розробити нейромережеву модель оцінювання своєчасності та безпомилковості прийняття рішень спеціалістом з обслуговування повітряного руху в процесі передтренажерної підготовки. Методи: Дослідження базуються на основних положеннях концепції контролю факторів загроз та помилок при управлінні повітряним рухом, для характеристики складності ситуації (загроза-помилка-небажаний стан) використано методи експертних оцінок та теорії нечітких множин. Результати: Класифіковано етапи розвитку конфліктної ситуації та визначено кількісні показники рівня складності на кожному з етапів. Побудовано чотирьохшарову нейромережеву модель оцінювання своєчасності та безпомилковості прийняття рішень авіадиспетчером в процесі передтренажерної підготовки та отримано її параметри. Перший шар (вхідний) нейронної мережі представляє собою вправи, які виконують курсанти/слухачі, другий шар (схований) визначає психофізіологічні характеристики того, хто навчається, третій шар (схований) враховує складність вправи залежно від кількості потенційно конфліктних ситуацій, четвертий шар (вихідний) – оцінка курсанта/слухача при виконанні вправи. Нейромережева модель також має додаткові входи (зсув), що включають обмеження на обчислювальні параметри. За допомогою моделюючого комплексу Fusion отримано візуалізацію результатів виконання навчальної вправи авіадиспетчером за вказаними критеріями. Обговорення: Врахування критеріїв безпомилковості та своєчасності виконання поставлених інструктором завдань в процесі передтренажерного навчання за допомогою використання штучних нейронних мереж дозволить визначати можливість допуску спеціаліста з обслуговування повітряного руху до тренажерної підготовки. Мультимодульна система Fusion дасть можливість удосконалити процес професійної підготовки курсантів / слухачів – авіадиспетчерів завдяки автоматизації оцінювання їхніх дій.
Метод багатокритеріального розв’язання конфліктної ситуації між двома повітряними суднами у тривимірному просторі на основі динамічного програмування
Authors: Vasyliev Denys
Published: November 2016

Мета: Глобальні тенденції зростання інтенсивності повітряного руху обумовлюють збільшення кількості конфліктних ситуацій між повітряними судами. Актуальною проблемою є розробка нових методів розв’язання конфліктних ситуацій, які повинні забезпечувати синтез безконфліктних траєкторій у тривимірному просторі у відповідності до різних критеріїв ефективності польотів. Методи: Розроблено метод багатокритеріального розв’язання конфліктної ситуації між двома повітряними суднами із застосуванням маневрування зміною курсу, швидкості та висоти польоту. Описаний метод на основі динамічного програмування забезпечує синтез оптимальної безконфліктної траєкторії відповідно до критеріїв регулярності, економічності польотів та складності маневрування. Наведено рівняння багатокритеріального динамічного програмування для визначення множини Парето-оптимальних оцінок безконфліктних траєкторій у неперервній та дискретній формі. Синтез Парето-оптимальних безконфліктних траєкторій здійснюється із застосуванням прямої процедури дискретного багатокритеріального динамічного програмування. Моделювання траєкторій польоту виконується із використанням спеціальної моделі керованого руху повітряного судна. Вибір оптимальної безконфліктної траєкторії з множини Парето-оптимальних виконується із застосуванням згортки критеріїв оптимальності. В рамках методу визначено наступні процедури: прогнозування порушень мінімумів ешелонування; дискретизації станів та керувань, інтерполяції оцінок ефективності траєкторій за встановленими критеріями оптимальності. Результати: Дослідження запропонованого методу виконано шляхом комп’ютерного моделювання, результати якого показали, що розрахована оптимальна безконфліктна траєкторія забезпечує усунення конфліктної ситуації та відповідає встановленим критеріям оптимальності. Обговорення: Основними перевагами методу є: застосування маневрів по зміні курсу, швидкості та висоти польоту для усунення конфлікту; багатокритеріальна оптимізація безконфліктних траєкторій; застосування динамічного програмування, що підвищує обчислювальну ефективність. Запропонований метод може бути використаний при розробці засобів розв’язання конфліктних ситуацій для автоматизованих систем управління повітряним рухом.
Design of small molecule inhibitors of type III secretion system ATPase EscN from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli.
Authors: Bzdzion Lukasz , Krezel Hanna , Wrzeszcz Karol , Grzegorek Irmina , Nowinska Katarzyna , Chodaczek Grzegorz , Swietnicki Wieslaw
Published: November 2016

Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) is a human pathogen using type III secretion system for delivery of proteins directly into the human host. The system contains a single ATPase, EscN, which is essential for uncoupling of proteins from their complexes with chaperones before the delivery. The structure of EscN ATPase (PDB code: 2obm) was used to screen computationally for small molecule inhibitors blocking its active site. Two lead candidates were examined but only one, Compound 54, was selected for further optimization. After extended QSAR optimization, two derivatives were found to be competitive inhibitors of EscN capable of blocking ATPase activity with a Ki below 50 µM. One candidate, WEN05-03, with a Ki=16±2 µM, was also minimally toxic to mammalian cells as determined by other assays. In the cell infection model of HeLa cells with EPEC, Compound WEN05-03 completely blocked actin cluster formation at 100 µM concentration, when analyzed by confocal microscopy. The second best inhibitor of EscN ATPase activity was WEN04-34 with a Ki=46±2 µM. However, the compound was highly toxic to the BALB/3T3 cell line. In summary, the work identifies a compound blocking bacterial ATPase in its active site without causing cellular toxicity to the host cells. It is the first report showing feasibility of using bacterial virulence system ATPase as a target for safe, non-toxic compounds and offering a proof-of-concept for non-antibiotic alternatives.
How to deal with Haplotype data: An Extension to the Conceptual Schema of the Human Genome
Authors: Reyes Román José Fabián , Pastor Oscar , Valverde Francisco , Roldán David
Published: November 2016

The goal of this work is to describe the advantages of the application of Conceptual Modeling (CM) in complex domains, such as genomics. Nowadays, the study and comprehension of the human genome is a major challenge due to its high level of complexity. The constant evolution in the genomic domain contributes to the generation of ever larger amounts of new data, which means that if we do not manage it correctly data quality could be compromised (i.e., problems related with heterogeneity and inconsistent data). In this paper, we propose the use of a Conceptual Schema of the Human Genome (CSHG), designed to understand and improve our ontological commitment to the domain and also extend (enrich) this schema with the integration of a novel concept: Haplotypes. Our focus is on improving the understanding of the relationship between genotype and phenotype, since new findings show that this question is more complex than was originally thought. Here we present the first steps in our data management approach with haplotypes (variations, frequencies and populations) and discuss the database evolution to support this data. Each new version in our conceptual schema (CS) introduces changes to the underlying database structure that has essential and practical implications for better understanding and managing the relevant information. A solution based on conceptual models gives a clear definition of the domain with direct implications in the medical field (Precision Medicine), in which Genomic Information Systems (GeIS) play a very important role.
Feature Subset Selection and Instance Filtering for Cross-project Defect Prediction - Classification and Ranking
Authors: Porto Faimison , Simao Adenilso Da Silva
Published: November 2016

The defect prediction models can be a good tool on organizing the project´s test resources. The models can be constructed with two main goals: 1) to classify the software parts - defective or not; or 2) to rank the most defective parts in a decreasing order. However, not all companies maintain an appropriate set of historical defect data. In this case, a company can build an appropriate dataset from known external projects - called Cross-project Defect Prediction (CPDP).The CPDP models, however, present low prediction performances due to the heterogeneity of data. Recently, Instance Filtering methods were proposed in order to reduce this heterogeneity by selecting the most similar instances from the training dataset. Originally, the similarity is calculated based on all the available dataset features (or independent variables).We propose that using only the most relevant features on the similarity calculation can result in more accurate filtered datasets and better prediction performances. In this study we extend our previous work. We analyse both prediction goals - Classification and Ranking. We present an empirical evaluation of 41 different methods by associating Instance Filtering methods with Feature Selection methods. We used 36 versions of 11 open source projects on experiments.The results show similar evidences for both prediction goals. First, the defect prediction performance of CPDP models can be improved by associating Feature Selection and Instance Filtering. Second, no evaluated method presented general better performances. Indeed, the most appropriate method can vary according to the characteristics of the project being predicted.
A Requirements Engineering Process Adapted to Global Software Development
Authors: Mighetti Juan Pablo , Hadad Graciela D. S.
Published: November 2016

Global software development is spreading increasingly within companies. Although it provides some competitive advantages, such as speeding up the software delivery, reducing cost, and taking advantage of more economic resources, this working model is a very complex one. Threats, such as geographic distance and cultural differences, may impact negatively on activities and artifacts of the software process. Untreated threats usually affect the quality of the requirements, propagating defects to subsequent development phases. Global software development threats were studied in a real major project, where no special treatment was put into practice to mitigate them. Analyzing the serious consequences on that project, a proposal was developed using a Lexicon model and Scenarios in order to mitigate threats to requirements in this distributed working mode. The proposal was applied in a new real project of similar characteristics, and the comparison of results from both projects gives promising perspectives in terms of requirements quality and process time improvements.
A new stepsize change technique for Adams methods
Authors: Calvo M. , Montijano J.I. , Rández L.
Published: November 2016

In this paper a new technique for stepsize changing in the numerical solution of Initial Value Problems for ODEs by means of Adams type methods is considered. The computational cost of the new technique is equivalent to those of the well known interpolation technique (IT). It is seen that the new technique has better stability properties than the IT and moreover, its leading error term is smaller. These facts imply that the new technique can outperform the IT.
ESP Reliability Lessons Learned From Three H2S Saudi Arabian Fields
Authors: Al-Khalifa Mohammed A. , Shepler Randall A. , Cox Robert L. , Alquwizani Saud A.
Published: November 2016

Previously, many Oil and Gas Production Companies elected not to develop hydrogen sulfide (H2S) producing fields, particularly offshore, in exchange for sweeter crude projects. A narrow number of H2S field developments resulted in a limited number of publications with empirical data on Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) reliability producing in high H2S partial pressure offshore fields. This paper summarizes ESP reliability lessons learned and solutions implemented from more than 500 ESPs producing across three carbonate field wells characterized by high H2S/CO2 partial pressures, reservoir pressure and production rates; low bubble point pressure and low to mid-level water cut.

This paper utilizes ESP field observations and pull failure findings from over 200 Dismantle Inspection and Failure Analysis (DIFA) to confirm H2S behavior and root causes of electrical and mechanical failures within multiple ESP components. Moreover, H2S affects where ESPs were initially idle and exposed to H2S for one to two years either in static conditions or in naturally high rate flowing wells prior to commissioning are discussed. DIFA observations over a wide range of ESP runlife was instrumental in establishing the need for technologies to slow H2S movement across ESP components inclusive of a tandem seal section. Several motor seal sections have failed mechanically from H2S attack thereby requiring upgrade to high alloy metals, ceramic radial bearings and upgraded mechanical seals. Laboratory testing of failed conductor insulations retrieved during DIFA further exposed H2S methodology in creating electrical shorts. Systematic approaches were adopted to identify any unnecessary contributors such as power quality, operational practices or human error that may have facilitated H2S attack. Following the investigation and identification of unnecessary contributors; H2S scavengers were introduced into the seal section to slow H2S migration into the motor, lead sheathed motor lead extension (MLE) was upgraded with new H2S resistant insulation materials and design along with other new technologies that were trial tested to further improve ESP reliability and run life in H2S producing wells.

ESP component failure tracking and runlife statistics spanning an eleven year period are shared with the reader to validate the success of H2S resistant ESP component upgrades. Finally, methodology in calculating and measuring impact of varying degrees of H2S partial pressure and temperature from three high and two low H2S partial pressure ESP fields are provided.