bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CoS2/S‐Doped C with In Situ Constructing Heterojunction Structure for Boosted K‐Ion Diffusion and Highly Efficient Storage
Authors: Zhao Zhipeng , Pei Xiangdong , Li Jiang , Qin Yanchao , Li Chuanqi , Cheng Jingyun , Fu Yongzhu , Du Xin , Li Dan
Published: July 2022

Exploring the desired anode materials to address the issues of poor structural stability tardy redox kinetics caused by large potassium ionic radius are fatal for the realization of large‐scale applications of potassium‐ion batteries. In this work, the feasibility to achieve promoted K+ storage by constructing the model of CoS2 enfolded in carbon was verified by the density functional theory calculations. And the results predicted a faster electron/potassium ion transport kinetics than bare CoS2 by increasing electron carrier density and narrowing diffusion barrier. Therefore, an interfacial engineering strategy was applied and implemented to synthesize the CoS2 nanoparticles enveloped in the S‐doped carbon (CoS2/SC) under this inspiration. The as‐prepared CoS2/SC composite exhibited a prominent rate capability and long cycling lifespan, delivering the high capacity of 375 mA h g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 at the 100th cycle and 273 mA h g−1 at 2 A g−1 over 300 cycles. The in/ex situ characterizations unraveled the converse mechanism of CoS2/SC in K+ storage, showing an eventually reversible phase transformation of within the electrochemical reactions.
Electrochemical Analysis of Antipsychotic Drug Quetiapine Fumarate Using Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotube Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Kaynar Büşra , Öztürk Gökçe , Kul Dilek
Published: July 2022

Electrochemical properties of quetiapine fumarate were examined on the anodic direction with multi‐walled carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode using voltammetric methods. The ratio of multi‐walled carbon nanotube has been optimized using its various concentrations. The oxidation process was found to be irreversible, and adsorption controlled. The linear ranges were determined as 4×10−9–2×10−6 M for differential pulse stripping voltammetry and 2×10−9–2×10−6 M for square‐wave stripping voltammetry with detection limits of 8.07×10−10 and 2.71×10−10 M, respectively. The methods were validated and successfully applied for the analysis of quetiapine fumarate tablets. The groups responsible for the oxidation reaction of quetiapine fumarate were investigated with model substances.
Deformation and stress analysis of cup on pipeline inspection gauge based on reverse measurement
Authors: Chen Zhong , Qiu Xiaoyang , Yang Lingling
Published: July 2022

The pipeline inspection gauge (PIG) is one of the most significant gauges in the field of oil–gas storage and transportation. It is essential to use PIG to clean and detect petroleum and natural gas pipelines. Predicting the deformation and stress distribution of the cup on the PIG is essential before pigging. To enhance these predictions, especially the deformation of the cup, a method for measuring the deformation of the cup based on reverse measurement was introduced and a novel finite element (FE) simulation model for investigation of the deformation of cups was proposed and verified in this paper. The point cloud data of the cup before and after entering the pipe can be obtained by the three‐dimensional (3D) laser scanner. Comparing the obtained point cloud data can measure the deformation of the cup. In addition, a 3D FE model was created to predict the deformation of the cup and the effective stress on the contact area. The result shows that there is a linear relationship between circumferential deformation and interference, while there is a nonlinear relationship between axial deformation, effective stress, and interference. These results provide a better understanding of the complex behavior of PIG during pigging.
Defoliation affects the root competitive balance for N between Poa annua plants grown in a split‐root box
Authors: Mori Sayuki , Irving Louis John
Published: July 2022

Background

Plants compete aboveground for light and belowground for patchily distributed nutrients. Defoliation causes an immediate loss of leaf area and photosynthetic capacity, leading to reduced root growth, with hypothesised implications for nutrient uptake and nitrogen use efficiency.

Methods

In Experiment 1, we grew single plants in split root boxes with N supplied equally or unequally, with half the plants subject to repeated defoliation to quantify the impact of each treatment. In Experiment 2, we grew pairs of Poa annua plants in three‐chamber split root boxes, with N supplied either to the outer chambers (no competition) or to a shared centre chamber (competition), to quantify the influence of defoliation on root competition.

Results

In Experiment 1, defoliation caused a significant decrease in root mass but did not affect root distribution between chambers, while differential N supply led to an 11% increase in shoot mass. In Experiment 2, strong root competition was seen in undefoliated plants under competitive conditions. Where one plant was defoliated, the other exhibited increased shoot mass and N content in competitive, but not noncompetitive conditions.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that plant belowground competitive success following defoliation may be strongly influenced by the spatial distribution of soil resources.
The complexity of post‐mergers and acquisitions reorganization: Integration and differentiation
Authors: van Oorschot Kim E. , Nujen Bella B. , Solli‐Sæther Hans , Mwesiumo Deodat Edward
Published: July 2022

Research Summary

This article applies a mixed‐method approach to explore the complexities of post‐mergers and acquisitions (M&A) integration processes. Extant literature provides significant insights regarding the impact of task and human integration and their influence on post‐integration processes. However, the literature often fails to differentiate between subelements of these two dimensions. This article investigates task and human integration in a cross‐border M&A aimed at efficiency and innovativeness. We highlight the importance of a clear distinction between two subelements of task integration (product harmonization and structural integration) and show that different interorganizational contexts matter. Consequently, we propose a conceptual framework based on two contextual characteristics—source of synergy and choice of location—suggesting that different integration approaches should be applied simultaneously in different contexts of the same post‐M&A organization.

Managerial Summary

Due to the complexity of the post‐M&A integration process, organizing and managing such a process is a challenge to most practitioners. Understanding how to manage different integration dimensions increases the need for prioritization in order to bypass a one‐size‐fits‐all initiative. We suggest that managers should apply a differentiated postintegration approach, depending on specific organizational contexts. A product‐focused approach seems to fit best in a context where target and acquirer remain working in separate locations, but on similar products. A structure‐focused approach is recommended when target and acquirer remain separated, but work on complementary products. Finally, a people‐focused approach is proposed when target and acquirer are colocated.
ALK1 controls hepatic vessel formation, angiodiversity, and angiocrine functions in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia of the liver
Authors: Schmid Christian David , Olsavszky Victor , Reinhart Manuel , Weyer Vanessa , Trogisch Felix A. , Sticht Carsten , Winkler Manuel , Kürschner Sina W. , Hoffmann Johannes , Ola Roxana , Staniczek Theresa , Heineke Joerg , Straub Beate K. , Mittler Jens , Schledzewski Kai , ten Dijke Peter , Richter Karsten , Dooley Steven , Géraud Cyrill , Goerdt Sergij , Koch Philipp‐Sebastian
Published: July 2022

Background and Aims:

In hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), severe liver vascular malformations are associated with mutations in the Activin A Receptor‐Like Type 1 (ACVRL1) gene encoding ALK1, the receptor for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 9/BMP10, which regulates blood vessel development. Here, we established an HHT mouse model with exclusive liver involvement and adequate life expectancy to investigate ALK1 signaling in liver vessel formation and metabolic function.

Approach and Results:

Liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC)‐selective Cre deleter line, Stab2‐iCreF3, was crossed with Acvrl1‐floxed mice to generate LSEC‐specific Acvrl1‐deficient mice (Alk1
HEC‐KO). Alk1
HEC‐KO mice revealed hepatic vascular malformations and increased posthepatic flow, causing right ventricular volume overload. Transcriptomic analyses demonstrated induction of proangiogenic/tip cell gene sets and arterialization of hepatic vessels at the expense of LSEC and central venous identities. Loss of LSEC angiokines Wnt2, Wnt9b, and R‐spondin‐3 (Rspo3) led to disruption of metabolic liver zonation in Alk1
HEC‐KO mice and in liver specimens of patients with HHT. Furthermore, prion‐like protein doppel (Prnd) and placental growth factor (Pgf) were upregulated in Alk1
HEC‐KO hepatic endothelial cells, representing candidates driving the organ‐specific pathogenesis of HHT. In LSEC in vitro, stimulation or inhibition of ALK1 signaling counter‐regulated Inhibitors of DNA binding (ID)1–3, known Alk1 transcriptional targets. Stimulation of ALK1 signaling and inhibition of ID1–3 function confirmed regulation of Wnt2 and Rspo3 by the BMP9/ALK1/ID axis.

Conclusions:

Hepatic endothelial ALK1 signaling protects from development of vascular malformations preserving organ‐specific endothelial differentiation and angiocrine signaling. The long‐term surviving Alk1
HEC‐KO HHT model offers opportunities to develop targeted therapies for this severe disease.
Nucleofugality of diphenylphosphinate and kinetic stabilities of secondary and tertiary benzylic diphenylphosphinates in aqueous solvents
Authors: Matić Mirela , Denegri Bernard , Tarandek Ivana , Turković Lu
Published: July 2022

First‐order rate constants for solvolyses of variously substituted benzhydryl diphenylphosphinates in four aqueous solvents have been measured conductometrically in order to investigate leaving group ability of diphenylphosphinate (DPP), that is, to determine corresponding nucleofuge‐specific parameters (Nf and sf) according to the correlation equation log k (25°C) = sf(Ef + Nf). DPP is the first of phosphorus leaving groups included on the Nf nucleofugality scale which presently covers a reactivity range of 15 orders of magnitude. Application of log k (25°C) versus Ef plots has unequivocally shown that benzhydryl diphenylphosphinates solvolyze in hydroxylic solvents by the SN1 mechanism. As the abovementioned equation and corresponding reactivity parameters can also be employed for predicting heterolytic reactivity of substrates in various solvents, the range of kinetic stability of secondary and tertiary benzylic diphenylphosphinates toward heterolysis has been examined in terms of reaction half‐lives. Further, in order to investigate the origin of stability of the DPP anion and, consequently, the ability of the DPP leaving group, quantum mechanical calculations and the Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis were performed at the M06‐2X/6‐311+G(3df,3pd) level of theory using the SMD solvation model. The NBO analysis has revealed that negative hyperconjugation plays a dominant role in delocalizing the anionic charge in disubstituted phosphinate leaving groups.
Multicolor Phosphate Glasses for Potential White LED Lighting and X‐Ray Detections
Authors: Tian Shuhang , Shi Zhenguo , Sun Yongsheng , Zhang Pengyu , Wu Sheng , Chen Dongdan , Xiong Puxian , Qian Qi , Yang Zhongmin
Published: July 2022

Though widely applied in light‐emitting diode (LED) lighting and X‐ray detection, respectively, rare‐earth ions doped phosphor and scintillating single crystals still face many challenges in practicalities, like aging of package material and difficulty to construct tiny array structure. Using phosphate glass as the host is quite beneficial for solving these problems while enabling distinguished luminescence. Therefore, Eu3+ and Tb3+ doped phosphate glasses which, respectively, show strong red/green emissions are researched. Superior thermal stabilities (78.69% and 89.35% emission intensities remain at 150 °C) and high internal quantum efficiencies (87.3% and 68.6%) are found to guarantee the excellent photoluminescence performances. The brilliant X‐ray excited luminescence properties are demonstrated by general 19.49% and 34.74% integrated emission intensities of that of commercial Bi4Ge3O12 single crystal scintillator with the change of X‐ray power. Meanwhile, Tb3+ doped scintillating fiber is drawn. Finally, excited by 380 nm LED, color manipulation and white light generation are achieved in LEDs with a structure of stacked emitting layers (mainly Eu3+ and Tb3+ doped phosphate glasses). Many of the as‐constructed white LED's performance parameters are much better than the commercial white LED. These results show that Eu3+ and Tb3+ doped phosphate glasses possess promising potential in LED lighting and X‐ray detections.
On generalization of Lipschitz groups and spin groups
Authors: Filimoshina Ekaterina , Shirokov Dmitry
Published: July 2022

This paper presents some new Lie groups preserving fixed subspaces of geometric algebras (or Clifford algebras) under the twisted adjoint representation. We consider the cases of subspaces of fixed grades and subspaces determined by the grade involution and the reversion. Some of the considered Lie groups can be interpreted as generalizations of Lipschitz groups and spin groups. The Lipschitz groups and the spin groups are subgroups of these Lie groups and coincide with them in the cases of small dimensions. We study the corresponding Lie algebras.
Peridynamic bond‐associated correspondence model: Reformulation and comparison study
Authors: Chan WaiLam , Chen Hailong
Published: July 2022

The peridynamic bond‐associated formulation has been shown to be effective in stabilizing the conventional correspondence model for both two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional, static, and dynamic problems. However, recent study revealed the persistence of material instability in the bond‐associated formulation for one‐dimensional problems for majority combinations of the bond associated horizon size and material point horizon size and two‐dimensional problems when both the bond‐associated horizon size and the material point horizon size are twice of mesh spacing. In addition, it was found that the bond‐associated formulation has instability in dynamic problems when the bond‐associated horizon size is close to the material point horizon size. In this article, a reformulation of the bond‐associated correspondence formulation is presented. Distinct from the original formulation, the proposed reformulation derives the force density states of a bond as a volume weighted average of all bond‐associated force density states whose bond‐associated horizons include the material points of the bond. Similar to the original bond‐associated formulation, the proposed reformulation recovers the conventional formulation when the bond‐associated horizon size is at least twice as large as the material point horizon size. Detailed numerical study on wave dispersion relations, static deformation, and dynamic wave propagation problems are performed to investigate and compare the two bond‐associated formulations. It is found that for all these three types of problems, the proposed reformulation significantly improves the model instability compared to the original bond‐associated formulation, especially when the bond‐associated horizon size is small relative to the material point horizon size. Based on numerical study, small bond‐associated horizon is recommended for use in the proposed reformulation.
Intergenerational transmission of child‐rearing styles mediated by adult attachment: A structural equation model approach
Authors: Shiraishi Nao , Murakami Mikihiko , Goto Yoshitaka , Kitamura Toshinori
Published: July 2022

Aim

Parenting styles are determinants of psychosocial maladjustment in the subsequent generation. Modifiable factors that positively impact intergenerational transmission should be identified. Thus, this study investigated the mediating effects of adult attachment on the transmission of child‐rearing styles and the combined impact of fathers' and mothers' styles on their offspring's parenting.

Methods

Overall, 396 fathers and 733 mothers participated. They were married or cohabiting when their children aged 0–10 years attended a pediatric office in Japan. The pediatricians distributed the self‐report questionnaires to examine perceived rearing (the Parental Bonding Instrument), adult attachment (the Relationship Questionnaire), and demographic characteristics. We then analyzed the data using structural equation modeling that illustrated intergenerational transmission of rearing styles between grandparents and parents.

Results

Overall, 385 fathers (Mage = 35.5 years, SD = 6.0) and 699 mothers (Mage = 33.5 years, SD = 5.1) satisfied the eligibility criteria. The path models showed that adult attachment to partners mediated grandparental and parental care. However, no mediating effect was observed in other intergenerational patterns that transmitted overprotective rearing styles. Additionally, combined grandfather and grandmother care were positively associated with parental overprotection.

Conclusion

This study suggested the potential of adult attachment in mediating loving, empathic, and warm rearing styles and the combined effects of both parents' styles on promoting the next‐generation parents' overprotective styles. Our findings clarify how to terminate the negative chain of the parent–child transmission.
Plasmasurfen auf Pilotanlagenkurs
Authors: Jalas Sören , Maier Andreas R.
Published: July 2022

Laser‐Plasma‐Beschleuniger versprechen kompakte und somit günstige Teilchenbeschleuniger. Eine wichtige Voraussetzung für die praktische Anwendbarkeit ist die Verbesserung ihrer Zuverlässigkeit. Das bedeutet eine hohe Reproduzierbarkeit der Elektronenstrahlparameter von Schuss zu Schuss und Tag zu Tag. Das LUX‐Experiment am DESY verschreibt sich der Entwicklung von Methoden, die genau das in Zukunft gewährleisten sollen. Dazu setzt es Methoden des maschinellen Lernens ein.
Kugelstoß‐Videoanalyse mit Vernier Video Analysis
Authors: Gößling Alexander , Becker Sebastian , Kuhn Jochen , Wilhelm Thomas
Published: July 2022

Die Videoanalyse von Bewegungen, etwa beim Sport, findet in Schule und Hochschule immer größere Verbreitung. Die hier vorgestellte App ermöglicht es, plattformunabhängig Bewegungen zu analysieren und mit beliebigen Ausgleichskurven auszuwerten.
IsobaricQuant enables cross‐platform quantification, visualization, and filtering of isobarically‐labeled peptides
Authors: Hogrebe Alexander , Hess Kyle N. , Llovet Ariadna , Ramos Y. Julian , Barente Anthony S. , Hernandez‐Portugues Daniel , Smith Ian R. , Rodríguez‐Mias Ricard A. , Villén Judit
Published: July 2022

In mass spectrometry (MS)‐based quantitative proteomics, labeling with isobaric mass tags such as iTRAQ and TMT can substantially improve sample throughput and reduce peptide missing values. Nonetheless, the quantification of labeled peptides tends to suffer from reduced accuracy due to the co‐isolation of co‐eluting precursors of similar mass‐to‐charge. Acquisition approaches such as multistage MS3 or ion mobility separation address this problem, yet are difficult to audit and limited to expensive instrumentation. Here we introduce IsobaricQuant, an open‐source software tool for quantification, visualization, and filtering of peptides labeled with isobaric mass tags, with specific focus on precursor interference. IsobaricQuant is compatible with MS2 and MS3 acquisition strategies, has a viewer that allows assessing interference, and provides several scores to aid the filtering of scans with compression. We demonstrate that IsobaricQuant quantifications are accurate by comparing it with commonly used software. We further show that its QC scores can successfully filter out scans with reduced quantitative accuracy at MS2 and MS3 levels, removing inaccurate peptide quantifications and decreasing protein CVs. Finally, we apply IsobaricQuant to a PISA dataset and show that QC scores improve the sensitivity of the identification of protein targets of a kinase inhibitor. IsobaricQuant is available at https://github.com/Villen‐Lab/isobaricquant.
Tuberculous bronchial stenosis: Diagnosis and role of interventional bronchoscopy
Authors: Goussard Pierre , Andronikou Savvas , Fourie Barend , Janson Jacques T. , Schubert Pawel T.
Published: July 2022

The reported prevalence of tuberculous bronchial stenosis in children is unknown and rarely reported in English‐speaking literature. In adult patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, it varies from 40% in an autopsied series in the preantibiotic era to 10% in patients who have undergone routine bronchofibroscopy in modern times. We describe our experience of four cases of confirmed bronchial stenosis due to MTB collected between January 2000 and June 2021 in this case series descriptive study. The diagnosis of bronchial stenosis due to TB was made on flexible bronchoscopy. A TB diagnosis was made if MTB was cultured from respiratory secretions, when Ziehl‐Neelsen smear or GeneXpert MTB/RIF test was positive, or if a chest radiograph revealed radiographic features typical of MTB. Bronchial stenosis due to TB is rare even if airway compression is frequently seen. Although an early diagnosis of bronchial stenosis due to TB is difficult on chest X‐rays, all children in this series demonstrated parenchymal changes distal to the stenosis ranging from hyperinflation and lobar collaps to bronchiectasis. If bronchial stenosis resulting from TB disease is diagnosed early, balloon dilatation as described in this report, may be an effective and safe intervention, preventing long‐term complications such as irreversible lung destruction, that may require pneumonectomy.
Natural occurrence of Beauveria caledonica, pathogenicity to Cosmopolites sordidus and antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense
Authors: Mascarin Gabriel Moura , Marinho‐Prado Jeanne Scardini , Assalin Márcia Regina , Martins Lucas Gelain , Braga Erik Sobrinho , Tasic Ljubica , Dita Miguel , Lopes Rogerio Biaggioni
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND

Entomopathogenic fungi can provide a set of ecological services, such as suppressing arthropod pests and plant pathogens. In this study, novel indigenous Beauveria caledonica (Bc) strains were isolated from naturally infected banana weevils (Cosmopolites sordidus) occurring in commercial banana plantations in Brazil.

RESULTS

The prevalence of infection by Bc strains on field‐caught C. sordidus ranged from 1.3% to 12.9%. Similar to the Beauveria bassiana strains tested, none of the Bc strains caused more than 50% weevil mortality at a concentration of 1 × 108 conidia ml−1. Bc strain CMAA1810 caused the highest mortality in C. sordidus and had enhanced insecticidal activity when formulated with an emulsifiable oil. In paired co‐culture assays, this same strain showed a significant growth‐inhibitory effect on the causal agent of Fusarium banana wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, Foc) of twofold magnitude compared with the control. Cell‐free crude filtrates derived from the red‐pigmented culture broth of Bc (CMAA1810) strongly reduced Foc conidial viability, and this inhibitory activity was inversely related to the age of the Bc culture. Crude concentrated filtrates from 4‐day‐old cultures exhibited the strongest antifungal activity (13‐fold) compared with untreated Foc conidia. The abundant compound identified in the crude filtrate of Bc was oosporein (1,4‐dibenzoquinone) present at a concentration of 0.829 ± 0.018 mg g−1 dry matter, and the antifungal activity of the filtrate was demonstrated.

CONCLUSION

These results indicated that Bc strains might have the potential to manage both C. sordidus and Foc, two of the major phytosanitary problems in banana crops worldwide. Further research under field conditions using suitable formulations of virulent Bc strains in combination with the metabolite oosporein is needed to evaluate their efficacy in the management of C. sordidus and Foc in banana plantations. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
A critical look at using financial technology policy to promote the sustainable development goals
Authors: Michael Bryane , Koroleska Nataliya , Tai Andy , Wong David Wai Ho
Published: July 2022

New financial technologies (FinTech) may not represent a new era for sustainable development—at least not as currently conceived. Many of the gains espoused by the UN and other cheerleaders come from rebranding the online equivalents of traditional savings, investment and tax payment activities. Most of these claims have no supporting evidence, beyond ad hoc anecdotes and stories. The existing evidence hardly forms a reliable basis for the very specific technologies and services recommended by international organizations. We show that abstract and nebulous advice on changing countries' payments, banking, securities, and others' laws helps explain why such advice will likely have little effect on promoting financial inclusion, saving, mobile payments, and the UN's Sustainable Development Goals.
Ligand‐Free Suzuki Coupling for the Practical Synthesis of 4‐(Triphenylen‐2‐yl) dibenzothiophene for Solution‐Processed OLEDs
Authors: Vijaykumar Bodduri Venkata Durga , Nalluri Sanjeevkumar , Uppada Mahesh Kumar , Sen Saikat , Ulla Hidayath , Krishnamanohara  , Kamaja Chaitanya Krishna , Balakrishnan Muralidharan , Katiyar Monica , Oruganti Srinivas
Published: July 2022

A practical and efficient synthesis of 4‐(triphenylen‐2‐yl)dibenzothiophene, a phosphorescent host, has been established via ligand‐free palladium on carbon (Pd/C) catalyst mediated Suzuki coupling reaction. The process allowed us to recover and reuse the heterogeneous Pd/C catalyst for cost‐effectiveness with a conversion yield greater than 90 %. Moreover, interesting results on solid‐state studies of the sublimed title material have been captured along with its photo‐physical and electrochemical properties, which are appropriate for its use as a host material. Finally, we have fabricated solution‐processed organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) by using the title material as a host and bis(4‐phenylthieno[3,2‐c]pyridinato‐N,C2′) (acetylacetonate) iridium(III) (PO‐01), as a phosphorescent dopant. The devices exhibited efficiencies of ∼9 cd/A at 1000 cd/m2, and the results were comparable with the traditional host, 4,4′‐bis(N‐carbazolyl)‐1,1′‐biphenyl (CBP).
Band‐Gap Tuned Dilithium Terephthalate from Environmentally Hazardous Material for Sustainable Lithium Storage Systems with DFT Modelling
Authors: Kumaresan Lakshmanan , Kasiviswanathan Kavibharathy , Kirubakaran Kiran P. , Priyadarshini Marimuthu , Mathiyalagan Kouthaman , Senthil Chenrayan , Lee Chang W. , Vediappan Kumaran
Published: July 2022

In the fast‐developing world, people must migrate to hybrid electric vehicles with a high energy density of lithium‐ion batteries to reduce air and sound pollution primarily. Herein, acid hydrolysis is used to depolymerize vest post‐consumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles, resulting in pure terephthalic acid (TPA). It was used in an acid‐base reaction to produce the dilithium terephthalate (Li2TP). By using1H,13CNMR, and FTIR spectroscopy, the obtained TPA and its salt Li2TP are thoroughly studied. In terms of electrochemical properties, TPA has a restricted reversible capacity of 102 mAh g−1with dramatic fading and a coulombic efficiency of 98.2 % over the 50th cycle at 1 C. The resulting Li2TP, displays a three‐fold higher reversible capacity of 295 mAh g−1, with 99.8 % capacity retention and stable cycling at a similar rate over the 50th cycle. Moreover, computationally found that the charged state of Li2TP has a highly unstable structure due to a high steric hindrance and strong similar charge repulsion between lithium ions and it shows bandgap energy 0.2318 eV with four ionic bonds (1.7748 Å) and two new metallic bonds (3.2114 Å), which is 22 times smaller than TPA. Furthermore, Li2TP has a lower dielectric constant/loss and higher dipole movement than TPA, with values of 1.32E+04/1.24E+03, and 5.93E+03 respectively, and it improves Li‐ion transportation of Li2TP in organic electrolytes.
Strategies for Improving the Thermomechanical, Flame Retardancy and Dielectric Properties of Benzophenone‐Functionalized Polybenzoxazine
Authors: Periyasamy Thirukumaran , Asrafali Shakila Parveen , Raorane Chaitany Jayprakash , Haldhar Rajesh , Kim Seong‐Cheol
Published: July 2022

In this work, two different approaches were proposed to obtain low‐dielectric material with self‐cleaning property from polybenzoxazine (Pbz). Initially, benzoxazine (Bzo) monomer with benzophenone functionality was synthesized. Then, Pbz/TiO2 composites were prepared using the synthesized bzo monomer and TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs). A simple Mannich reaction and thermal curing were effective for the synthesis of ring‐closing and ring‐opening benzoxazine using molecular structure and provided highly efficient products without the use of a special catalyst. DSC analysis showed that the benzoxazine monomer exhibits different polymerization reactivity as they possess different functional groups. The inclusion of an inorganic component into the organic polymer had a significant enhancing effect. Two important properties, viz., the low free surface energy of Pbz and the self‐cleaning property of TiO2 nanoparticles, were combined to develop a promising approach in the development of self‐cleaning materials. These properties are incorporated to produce a multifunctional superhydrophobic material, Pbz/TiO2 modified with different ratios of TiO2 by way of simple blending and subsequent thermal curing reactions. The resulting Pbz/TiO2 composite exhibits excellent thermomechanical strength (retention modulus 3.34G, thermal stability up to 352 °C) and strong water resistance (static water contact angle of 141°), as well as low dielectric constant (3.1).
Simultaneous Determination of Diamide Insecticides in Honeysuckle Using a Modified QuEChERS Based on Carboxylated Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotubes and UPLC‐PDA**
Authors: Li Guangling , Yang Jinghua , Zhang Youduo , Li Songwei , Liu Runqiang
Published: July 2022

Pesticide residue has become a bottleneck for developing the Chinese herbal medicine industry. Diamide insecticides have been approved to control various crop pests in many countries around the world. In this study, a multi‐residue method was established and validated for six diamides (flubendiamide, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, chlorantraniliprole, tetrachlorantraniliprole, and broflanilide) in honeysuckle matrix. In this methodology, the combined purifier based on the carboxylated multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT‐COOH) exhibited good purification efficiency and effectiveness to the acetonitrile extract of honeysuckle. The instrumental analysis was completed perfectly in 16 minute on an ultra performance liquid chromatography‐photodiode array detector (UPLC‐PDA). The recoveries of six diamides ranged from 79 % to 107 %, with the relative standard deviations (RSD) less than 12.5 %. Limits of quantitation (LOQ) of six analytes ranged from 0.009 to 0.014 mg kg−1 in the honeysuckle sample. The results imply the method is reliable for detecting the six diamides in honeysuckle.
Structures and Photoluminescence Properties of Bis(aromatic amino)‐Based Isomers with Biphenyl as Bridge
Authors: Cui Yuanyuan , Pu Yexuan , Li Zhiqiang , Liang Baoyan , Li Chenglong , Wang Yue
Published: July 2022

Herein, two series of isomers are developed based on biphenyl (BP) and two typical donor groups diphenylamine (DPA) and 9,9‐dimethyl‐9,10‐dihydroacridine (DMAc) to figure out the isomerization effect on structures and photophysical properties. The computational simulations and photophysical analyses indicate that the substitution positions influence not only the molecular conformations but also the frontier molecular orbital distributions, which further influence the photoluminescence properties. We find that twisted structure is beneficial for the separation of the frontier molecular orbitals, while more planar structure contributes to higher luminescent intensity for both fluorescence and phosphorescence. Meanwhile, room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is caught when these isomers are doped in 4,4′‐dibromo‐1,1′‐biphenyl (DBBP). The p‐DDPA/DBBP complex shows the highest intensity of phosphorescence and the longest lifetime (81.71 ms). The photoluminescence quantum yield of the p‐DDPA/DBBP complex is as high as 54 % with RTP quantum efficiency approximately 12 %, which is 28 % for pure p‐DDPA without afterglow.
Adverse childhood experiences and sleep links in a predominantly Black sample of overweight adults
Authors: Rojo‐Wissar Darlynn M. , Reid Matthew J. , Burton Emily , Sosnowski David W. , Smith Michael T. , Coughlin Janelle W. , Spira Adam P. , Salwen‐Deremer Jessica K.
Published: July 2022

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with worse sleep, but existing literature is limited by use of predominantly White samples, lack of objective sleep measurement, and use of non‐standardized questionnaires. We investigated associations between retrospectively reported ACEs and sleep in adulthood in a sample of 43 adults 20–53 years of age, free from chronic conditions, with a Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 (Mean age = 33.14 [SD = 10.05], 74% female, 54% Black). Sleep efficiency (SE), total sleep time (TST), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep onset latency (SOL), were measured by actigraphy and daily diary. Global sleep quality and insomnia severity were measured by questionnaires. Sleepiness, fatigue, and sleep quality were also measured by daily diary. Adjusting for demographic characteristics and BMI, ACEs were significantly associated with poorer global sleep quality and diary measures of greater daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and poorer sleep quality. There were no significant associations between ACEs and SE, TST, WASO, or SOL measured by diary or actigraphy. Findings suggest that ACEs are associated with worse sleep perception and daytime functioning in adulthood. Larger prospective studies are needed to replicate these findings, examine racial/ethnic differences, and determine temporal associations between ACEs, sleep, and health (e.g., BMI).
Graphene Nanobeacons with High‐Affinity Pockets for Combined, Selective, and Effective Decontamination and Reagentless Detection of Heavy Metals
Authors: Panáček David , Zdražil Lukáš , Langer Michal , Šedajová Veronika , Baďura Zdeněk , Zoppellaro Georgio , Yang Qiuyue , Nguyen Emily P. , Álvarez‐Diduk Ruslan , Hrubý Vítězslav , Kolařík Jan , Chalmpes Nikolaos , Bourlinos Athanasios B. , Zbořil Radek , Merkoçi Arben , Bakandritsos Aristides , Otyepka Michal
Published: July 2022

Access to clean water for drinking, sanitation, and irrigation is a major sustainable development goal of the United Nations. Thus, technologies for cleaning water and quality‐monitoring must become widely accessible and of low‐cost, while being effective, selective, sustainable, and eco‐friendly. To meet this challenge, hetero‐bifunctional nanographene fluorescent beacons with high‐affinity pockets for heavy metals are developed, offering top‐rated and selective adsorption for cadmium and lead, reaching 870 and 450 mg g‐1, respectively. The heterobifunctional and multidentate pockets also operate as selective gates for fluorescence signal regulation with sub‐nanomolar sensitivity (0.1 and 0.2 nm for Pb2+ and Cd2+, respectively), due to binding affinities as low as those of antigen‐antibody interactions. Importantly, the acid‐proof nanographenes can be fully regenerated and reused. Their broad visible‐light absorption offers an additional mode for water‐quality monitoring based on ultra‐low cost and user‐friendly reagentless paper detection with the naked‐eye at a limit of detection of 1 and 10 ppb for Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions, respectively. This work shows that photoactive nanomaterials, densely‐functionalized with strong, yet selective ligands for targeted contaminants, can successfully combine features such as excellent adsorption, reusability, and sensing capabilities, in a way to extend the material's applicability, its life‐cycle, and value‐for‐money.
Chameleon‐Like Reconstruction on Redox Catalysts Adaptive to Alkali Water Electrolysis
Authors: Liu Jiao , Qiao Wen , Zhu Zexuan , Hu Jingguo , Xu Xiaoyong
Published: July 2022

Pre‐catalyst reconstruction in electrochemical processes has recently attracted intensive attention with mechanistic potentials to uncover really active species and catalytic mechanisms and advance targeted catalyst designs. Here, nickel‐molybdenum oxysulfide is deliberately fabricated as pre‐catalyst to present a comprehensive study on reconstruction dynamics for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkali water electrolysis. Operando Raman spectroscopy together with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron microscopy capture dynamic reconstruction including geometric, component and phase evolutions, revealing a chameleon‐like reconstruction self‐adaptive to OER and HER demands under oxidative and reductive conditions, respectively. The in situ generated active NiOOH and Ni species with ultrafine and porous textures exhibit superior OER and HER performance, respectively, and an electrolyzer with such two reconstructed electrodes demonstrates steady overall water splitting with an extraordinary 80% electricity‐to‐hydrogen (ETH) energy conversion efficiency. This work highlights dynamic reconstruction adaptability to electrochemical conditions and develops an automatic avenue toward the targeted design of advanced catalysts.
Behavior prediction requires implicit measures of stimulus‐goal discrepancies and expected utilities of behavior options rather than of attitudes toward objects
Authors: Moors Agnes , Köster Massimo
Published: July 2022

Meta‐analyses show low correlations between implicit attitude measures and behavior measures, suggesting that these attitude measures are weak predictors of behavior. Researchers of implicit cognition have resorted to several rescue strategies. Their most important reply, based on a traditional dual‐process theory of behavior causation, is that attitudes toward objects (positive/negative) automatically activate specific action tendencies (approach/avoidance), but that this stimulus‐driven process can be overruled by a nonautomatic goal‐directed process in which the expected utilities of action options are weighed up. According to such a theory, it makes sense to continue measuring attitudes with implicit measures, but research should also take into account the moderating role of goals and other factors. We propose an alternative dual‐process theory in which goal‐directed processes can also be automatic and count as the most important cause of behavior. According to this theory, the goal‐directed process responsible for action selection is further preceded by the detection of a stimulus‐goal discrepancy. Based on this alternative theory, we propose to no longer measure attitudes toward objects but rather to measure (a) the magnitude of stimulus‐goal discrepancies as well as (b) the expected utility of the behavior at stake, understood as the product of the values of the outcomes of the behavior, and the behavior‐outcome expectancies. Here too, implicit measures are needed because people may not always have conscious access to these constructs or be motivated to disclose them.

This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Theory and Methods

Psychology > Emotion and Motivation

Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making
Nonlinear dynamic behaviors of the generalized (3+1)‐dimensional KP equation
Authors: Liu Jian‐Gen , Yang Xiao‐Jun , Feng Yi‐Ying , Cui Ping
Published: July 2022

Under investigation in this article is a generalized (3+1)‐dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation, which is usually used to describe nonlinear phenomena in fluid dynamics. First, multiple waves solutions of this considered equation by means of the linear superposition principle are constructed. Second, the parameters of this considered model control multiple waves solutions are being investigated. We find that the parameters mainly affect the wave shapes, amplitude, and bright/dark nature. Third, we apply a polynomial function to construct rational solutions and rogue wave solutions when the parameters contain in the polynomial function are equal to zero and nonzero, respectively. Finally, the obtained results are demonstrated graphically to illustrate the nonlinear dynamics behaviors of multiple, rational, and rogue wave solutions in fluid mechanics.
Response of impedance parameters on waves in the micropolar thermoelastic medium under modified Green‐Lindsay theory
Authors: Kumar Rajneesh , Kaushal Sachin , Kochar Arun
Published: July 2022

The present study is focused on devoting a model to estimate the response of impedance parameters in micropolar with modified Green‐Lindsay (MMGL) generalized thermoelastic medium. The problem of reflection phenomena is formulated and explained for the considered model. Amplitude ratios of various waves are obtained for the MMGL model, Green‐Lindsay (G‐L,1972) thermoelastic model, and Lord‐Shulman (L‐S,1967) thermoelastic model for longitudinal displacement wave (LD‐wave), thermal wave (T‐wave), coupled transverse (CD‐I) wave and coupled micro‐rotational (CD‐II) wave. These amplitude ratios are the functions of the angle of incidence, frequency, and impedance parameters. The impact of impedance parameters on various reflection coefficients is displayed in the form of a graph. From the present study, certain cases are also deduced.
Introduction
Authors: Barbrook-Johnson Pete , Penn Alexandra S.
Published: July 2022

This chapter introduces the book and the topic of systems mapping. We explain our motivation for writing the book, what ‘systems mapping’ means to us, our focus on causal approaches, and what methods are included, and which are not, in the book. We also explore how these methods are related to one another. We begin to consider how systems mapping can be useful in research and practice, before making the case for why we believe it is worth thinking about now.
Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping
Authors: Barbrook-Johnson Pete , Penn Alexandra S.
Published: July 2022

This chapter introduces Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping (FCM), a method for developing and analysing ‘semi-quantitative’ (i.e. using and producing indicative rather than predictive numerical values) causal models. We explain in simple language what an FCM map is made up of and the two main ways in which analysis is done. We go into some detail on how to do it yourself and provide reflections on common issues and tricks of the trade. We also discuss its roots and debates in the field since. Finally, we provide some advice and resources for getting started yourself.
What Data and Evidence Can You Build System Maps From?
Authors: Barbrook-Johnson Pete , Penn Alexandra S.
Published: July 2022

This chapter takes a step back from individual systems mapping methods and considers what evidence and data we might use to underpin the design of system maps. It presents four broad types—data from participatory processes, qualitative data, existing evidence, and quantitative data—and outlines the pros and cons of each, considers how you can use them, and makes a call, ideally, for using them in combination and in creative ways.
Constructing Familial Bodies: Report from the Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Jürgensen Martina , Herzog Madeleine
Published: July 2022

After a bone marrow transplant between siblings, another family members’ cells live on in the recipient’s body. This connects family members in a variety of ways. Some families saw it as an essential change in the recipient’s body and identity, while others saw it as a unification of two separate individuals. Some families described the donor’s body as a “spare parts depot”; being seen as a life-saving resource then created a lasting responsibility in the donors. This relation was typically seen as creating one system, one familial body.
Dwelling on the Past: Illness, Transplantation and Families’ Responsibilities in Retrospect
Authors: Rehmann-Sutter Christoph
Published: July 2022

From family members’ perspectives, a bone marrow transplant is the source and the focus of many responsibility-related considerations. The chapter searches for connections between responsibility, memory and time, in order to explain the complex meanings of “retrospective responsibilities”. Story-telling within families and the emergence of family narratives is a place where responsibility is not just remembered, but also enacted. Families care about how things in the past are recounted in the present. One family case is discussed in detail, in which family members had to cope with the failure of multiple transplants and other therapies, and with the death of their daughter. The final part of the chapter considers problems of retrospective justification. With hindsight, what were the interests of the donor child? What were this young child’s will and duties? Can the anticipated retrospective consent of potential donor children serve as an orientation and an ethically reliable justification for the decision taken by the parents, as proxies, to allow a young child to become a donor? The chapter advocates the perspective of an ethics of care.
Case Study, Phase I: Developing a Candidate System
Authors: Rechnitzer Tanja
Published: July 2022

In this chapter, the actual application of reflective equilibrium in the form of the process of adjustments begins. The case study is divided into three different phases in order to allow me to focus on different aspects of applying RE. The present chapter describes phase 1, which focuses on how a new candidate system, i.e., a new principle, can be developed.
Robust regression against heavy heterogeneous contamination
Authors: Kawashima Takayuki , Fujisawa Hironori
Published: July 2022

The $$\gamma $$
γ
-divergence is well-known for having strong robustness against heavy contamination. By virtue of this property, many applications via the $$\gamma $$
γ
-divergence have been proposed. There are two types of $$\gamma $$
γ
-divergence for the regression problem, in which the base measures are handled differently. In this study, these two $$\gamma $$
γ
-divergences are compared, and a large difference is found between them under heterogeneous contamination, where the outlier ratio depends on the explanatory variable. One $$\gamma $$
γ
-divergence has the strong robustness even under heterogeneous contamination. The other does not have in general; however, it has under homogeneous contamination, where the outlier ratio does not depend on the explanatory variable, or when the parametric model of the response variable belongs to a location-scale family in which the scale does not depend on the explanatory variables. Hung et al. (Biometrics 74(1):145–154, 2018) discussed the strong robustness in a logistic regression model with an additional assumption that the tuning parameter $$\gamma $$
γ
is sufficiently large. The results obtained in this study hold for any parametric model without such an additional assumption.
Herd immunity under individual variation and reinfection
Authors: Montalbán Antonio , Corder Rodrigo M. , Gomes M. Gabriela M.
Published: July 2022

We study a susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered (SEIR) model considered by Aguas et al. (In: Herd immunity thresholds for SARS-CoV-2 estimated from unfolding epidemics, 2021), Gomes et al. (In: J Theor Biol. 540:111063, 2022) where individuals are assumed to differ in their susceptibility or exposure to infection. Under this heterogeneity assumption, epidemic growth is effectively suppressed when the percentage of the population having acquired immunity surpasses a critical level - the herd immunity threshold - that is lower than in homogeneous populations. We derive explicit formulas to calculate herd immunity thresholds and stable configurations, especially when susceptibility or exposure are gamma distributed, and explore extensions of the model.