bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dysfunctional Prefrontal Cortical Network Activity and Interactions following Cannabinoid Receptor Activation
Authors: Kucewicz Michal T. , Tricklebank Mark D. , Bogacz Rafal , Jones Matthew W.
Published: October 2011

Coordinated activity spanning anatomically distributed neuronal networks underpins cognition and mediates limbic–cortical interactions during learning, memory, and decision-making. We used CP55940, a potent agonist of brain cannabinoid receptors known to disrupt coordinated activity in hippocampus, to investigate the roles of network oscillations during hippocampal and medial prefrontal cortical (mPFC) interactions in rats. During quiet wakefulness and rest, CP55940 dose-dependently reduced 0.1–30 Hz local field potential power in CA1 of the hippocampus while concurrently decreasing 30–100 Hz power in mPFC; these contrasting population-level effects were paralleled by differential effects on underlying single-unit activity in the two structures. During decision-making phases of a spatial working memory task, CP5540-induced deficits in hippocampal theta and prefrontal gamma oscillations were observed alongside disrupted theta-frequency coherence between the two structures. These changes in coordinated limbic–cortical network activities correlated with (1) reduced accuracy of task performance, (2) impaired phase-locking of prefrontal single-unit spiking to the local gamma and hippocampal theta rhythms, and (3) impaired task-dependent activity in a subset of mPFC units. In addition to highlighting the importance of CA1–mPFC network oscillations for cognition, these results implicate disrupted theta-frequency coordination of CA1–mPFC activity in the cognitive deficits caused by exogenous activation of brain cannabinoid receptors.
A Transcriptional Program Promotes Remodeling of GABAergic Synapses inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Petersen Sarah C. , Watson Joseph D. , Richmond Janet E. , Sarov Mihail , Walthall Walter W. , Miller David M.
Published: October 2011

Although transcription factors are known to regulate synaptic plasticity, downstream genes that contribute to neural circuit remodeling are largely undefined. InCaenorhabditis elegans, GABAergic Dorsal D (DD) motor neuron synapses are relocated to new sites during larval development. This remodeling program is blocked in Ventral D (VD) GABAergic motor neurons by the COUP-TF (chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor) homolog, UNC-55. We exploited this UNC-55 function to identify downstream synaptic remodeling genes that encode a diverse array of protein types including ion channels, cytoskeletal components, and transcription factors. We show that one of these targets, the Iroquois-like homeodomain protein, IRX-1, functions as a key regulator of remodeling in DD neurons. Our discovery ofirx-1as anunc-55-regulated target defines a transcriptional pathway that orchestrates an intricate synaptic remodeling program. Moreover, the well established roles of these conserved transcription factors in mammalian neural development suggest that a similar cascade may also control synaptic plasticity in more complex nervous systems.
The Role of Attenuated Astrocyte Activation in Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis
Authors: Macauley Shannon L. , Pekny Milos , Sands Mark S.
Published: October 2011

Infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder affecting the CNS during infancy. INCL is caused by mutations in theCLN1gene that lead to a deficiency in the lysosomal hydrolase, palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1). A murine model of INCL, the PPT1-deficient (PPT1−/−) mouse, is an accurate phenocopy of the human disease. The first pathological change observed in thePPT1−/−brain is regional areas of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) upregulation, which predicts future areas of neurodegeneration. We hypothesized that preventing GFAP and vimentin upregulation in reactive astrocytes will alter the CNS disease. To test this hypothesis, we generated mice simultaneously carrying null mutations in theGFAP,Vimentin, andPPT1genes (GFAP−/−Vimentin−/−PPT1−/−). Although the clinical and pathological features of theGFAP−/−Vimentin−/−PPT1−/−mice are similar to INCL, the disease appears earlier and progresses more rapidly. One mechanism underlying this accelerated phenotype is a profound neuroinflammatory response within the CNS. Thus, our data identify a protective role for intermediate filament upregulation during astrocyte activation in INCL, a model of chronic neurodegeneration.
Cognitive Mappers to Creatures of Habit: Differential Engagement of Place and Response Learning Mechanisms Predicts Human Navigational Behavior
Authors: Marchette Steven A. , Bakker Arnold , Shelton Amy L.
Published: October 2011

Learning to navigate plays an integral role in the survival of humans and other animals. Research on human navigation has largely focused on how we deliberately map out our world. However, many of us also have experiences of navigating on “autopilot” or out of habit. Animal models have identified this cognitive mapping versus habit learning as two dissociable systems for learning a space—a hippocampal place-learning system and a striatal response-learning system. Here, we use this dichotomy in humans to understand variability in navigational style by demonstrating that brain activation during spatial encoding can predict where a person's behavior falls on a continuum from a more flexible cognitive map-like strategy to a more rigid creature-of-habit approach. These findings bridge the wealth of knowledge gained from animal models and the study of human behavior, opening the door to a more comprehensive understanding of variability in human spatial learning and navigation.
Elea/Velia. Il quadro istituzionale dalle origini al I sec. d. C.
Authors: Cappelletti Loredana
Published: October 2011

Riassunto

Ho riesaminato tutta la documentazione disponibile (letteraria, epigrafica, numismatica e archeologica) relativa alla legislazione eleate di età arcaica ed alle istituzioni cittadine in età preromana e romana. Per comprendere l′assetto costituzionale di Elea nel periodo V–III sec. a. C. ho ritenuto opportuno istituire un confronto con la documentazione relativa a Focea, Massalia e Napoli. Infine la documentazione epigrafica greca e latina di I sec. a. C.–I sec. d. C. dimostra che anche ad Elea (e non solo a Taranto, Napoli e Reggio come afferma Strab. VI 1, 2 C 253), sopravvissero in età romana istituti greci, come la ginnasiarchia e la misteriosa folarchia.
Alexander der Große – Welterkundung als Welteroberung
Authors: Gehrke Hans-Joachim
Published: October 2011

In dem Artikel soll (erstens) gezeigt werden, daß Alexanders Weltsicht von den Konzepten der griechischen philosophischen (wissenschaftlichen) Geographie geprägt war. Diese theoretisch fundierten Ideen wurden (zweitens) während seiner Feldzüge gegen das Persische Reich und darüber hinaus kontrolliert und modifiziert. Diese wurden so auch zu einer geographischen Expedition.
Der zweifache Mord an Parmenion. Ein Beitrag zur Überlieferung über den Alexanderzug
Authors: Zahrnt Michael
Published: October 2011

Unsere Quellen zeichnen ein in sich widersprüchliches Bild von Parmenion: Zum einen schildern sie ihn als einen durchgehend loyalen General, dem der König vom Übergang über den Hellespont bis zur Übertragung eines übergeordneten Kommandos in Ekbatana vertraute und dem er immer wieder wichtige und ehrenvolle Aufgaben übertrug und zum anderen als einen Zauderer und Ignoranten, ja im Falle von Alexanders Erkrankung sogar als einen Intriganten, dessen Ratschläge im Falle ihrer Befolgung dem König hätten Schande bringen, seinen Ruhm verkleinern oder gar tödlich ausgehen können. In der Forschung werden derartige Vorwürfe häufig auf Kallisthenes zurückgeführt, doch läßt sich zeigen, daß sie erst nach Alexanders Tod erfunden wurden.
Messstand für die automatisierte Drehmomentermittlung fluidischer Soft-Rotationsantriebe
Authors: Rehr Jens , Ivlev Oleg
Published: October 2011

In direkter Interaktion mit Menschen zu Rehabilitations- und Assistenzzwecken bieten fluidische Soft-Aktuatoren auf Grund ihrer innewohnenden Nachgiebigkeit und ihres geringen Gewichts entscheidende Vorteile in Hinsicht auf die Sicherheit. Zur Ermittlung und Optimierung der Drehmomentcharakteristiken neuartiger Rotations-Aktuatoren wurde ein Messstand entwickelt, welcher das Drehmoment in Abhängigkeit von zugeführtem Druck und Stellwinkel automatisiert ermittelt.
Adaptive ortsaufgelöste Gaskonzentrationsmessung mit einer Mikrodrohne
Authors: Bartholmai Matthias , Neumann Patrick P.
Published: October 2011

Gasemissionen spielen in vielen Gefahrenszenarien eine entscheidende Rolle und können zu einer großen Gefahr für in der Nähe befindliche Personen werden. Die Untersuchung solcher Szenarien unter Ausschluss einer Personengefährdung war Zielsetzung eines Forschungsprojekts, in dem die Entwicklung und Validierung der ferngesteuerten Gaskonzentrationsmessung mit einer Mikrodrohne durchgeführt wurden.
Sizeable Increase of Kinetic Isotope Effects and Tunnelling in Coupled Electron–Proton Transfers in Presence of the Quaternary Ions. PCET Processes and Hydrogen Tunnelling as a “Probe” for Structuring and Dynamical Phenomena in Water Solution
Authors: Jakobušić Brala Cvijeta , Karković Ana , Sajenko Ivana , Pilepić Viktor , Uršić Stanko
Published: October 2011

The presence of quaternary ammonium ions unexpectedly leads to a sizable increase of the kinetic isotope effects in the coupled electron–proton transfer (PCET) reaction of an ascorbate monoanion with the hexacyanoferrate(III) ions in water and this, in “neat” water over-the-barrier coupled electron–proton transfer interaction, entered into tunnelling regime in the presence of the quaternary ions. The kinetic isotope effect between ascorbate monoanion and its 2-OD derivative in the investigated reaction with hexacyanoferrate(III) increased from k
H/k
D=4.40(0.08) in the reaction in water (in the presence of 8 × 103 M NaCl) without the added quaternary ions, to k
H/k
D=10.08(0.07) in the presence of 1.0 M tetraethylammonium ion, to k
H/k
D=8.01(0.19) in the presence of 1.0 M of benzyltrimethyl ammonium ion and to k
H/k
D=7.25(0.02) in the presence of only 0.1 M of tetraethylammonium ion. In contrast, k
H/k
D=4.06(0.15) has been observed in presence of 0.1 M NaCl. The isotopic ratio of Arrhenius pre-factors A
H/A
D=0.16(0.01) has been obtained in the presence of only 0.1 M of tetraethylammonium ions and A
H/A
D=0.10(0.02) in the presence of 0.5 M of the ions. The corresponding observed value is A
H/A
D=0.23(0.02) in the presence of 0.5 M of benzyltrimethylammonium ions and A
H/A
D=0.35(0.06) in the presence of 0.5 M tetramethylammonium ions. The differences in the enthalpies of activation Δ Δ H‡ between D2O and H2O all are well beyond the semiclassical value of 5 .1 kJ/mol for the difference between zero-point energies E
o
D–E
o
H for dissociation of an O–H bond. The observed tunnelling phenomena point to a role of dynamics of the transition configuration of the PCET process, coupled with dynamics of hydrogen-bonded structures related to the solvent shell of the reactive configuration and its environment including the nearby quaternary ammonium ions.
An Open-Ended, Inquiry-Based Approach to Environmental Microbiology
Authors: Caccavo Frank
Published: October 2011

An undergraduate environmental microbiology course was used to examine the hypothesis that students could best grow as biologists, inform career decisions, and experience the scientific process by engaging in a collaborative, research-based laboratory format. Students learned how to use scientific literature to formulate relevant questions and hypotheses and develop detailed experimental research proposals. They collected, analyzed, interpreted, and presented original scientific data in the form of a research-poster conference. Course objectives were measured using two Likert-style surveys, and the resulting data supported the original hypothesis of this work.
Caging the Blob: Using a Slime Mold to Teach Concepts about Barriers that Constrain the Movement of Organisms
Authors: Bohland Cindy E. , Schmale David G. , Ross Shane D.
Published: October 2011

Few laboratory exercises are designed to teach biology students about barriers that may constrain the movement of organisms. We describe a unique inquiry-based exercise involving Lego mazes (the barrier) and the plasmodial slime mold, Physarum polycephalum (the organism). During guided inquiry, students construct mazes using Lego brand building blocks and the slime mold is allowed to "navigate" through the maze and "respond" to the barrier. Students then generate and test hypotheses about the movement of the slime mold in response to different barriers in the open-inquiry phase of the investigation.
The Bactericidal Effect of Sunlight
Authors: Fonseca Maria João , Tavares Fernando
Published: October 2011

Sunlight is required for vital biological processes. However, solar ultraviolet radiation can have a detrimental impact on living organisms, by acting as a natural mutagenic agent. With this activity, intended for middle school and high school, we propose a simple hands-on experiment to investigate the bactericidal effect of sunlight. The activity provides appealing visual results and opportunities for extension of inquiry. Procedural instructions, discussion topics, and assessment suggestions are detailed.
A Quick & Automated Method for Measuring Cell Area Using ImageJ
Authors: Baviskar Sandhya N.
Published: October 2011

Modern microscopy techniques generate an enormous amount of data in the form of images. Manual analysis of these images produces biased results that are often not reproducible. To extract the numerical data from the images, a free and user-friendly software called ImageJ is available at the NIH website. In this interactive tutorial, students will get acquainted with the applications of ImageJ and learn to measure cell area from the images.
Identifying thyroid stem/progenitor cells: advances and limitations
Authors: Fierabracci Alessandra
Published: October 2011

Continuing advances in stem cell science have prompted researchers to envisage the potential application of stem cells for the management of several debilitating disorders, thus raising the expectations of transplant clinicians. In particular, in order to find a source of adult stem cells alternative to embryonic stem cells (ESCs) for the exploration of novel strategies in regenerative medicine, researchers have attempted to identify and characterise adult stem/progenitor cells resident in compact organs, since these populations appear to be responsible for physiological tissue renewal and regeneration after injury. In particular, recent studies have also reported evidence for the existence of adult stem/progenitor cell populations in both mouse and human thyroids. Here, I provide a review of published findings about ESC lines capable of generating thyroid follicular cells, thyroid somatic stem cells and cancer stem cells within the thyroid. The three subjects are analysed by also considering the criticism recently raised against their existence and potential utility. I comment specifically on the significance of resident thyroid stem cells in the developmental biology of the gland and their putative role in the pathogenesis of thyroid disorders and on the protocols employed for their identification. I finally provide my opinion on whether from basic science results obtained to date it is possible to extrapolate any convincing basic for future treatment of thyroid disorders.
Dipodascus capitatus (Geotrichum capitatum): infecção sistêmica fatal em paciente com leucemia mielocítica aguda
Authors: Lafayette Thereza Christina Sampaio , Oliveira Loiva Therezinha Otonelli , Landell Melissa , Valente Patrícia , Alves Sydney Hartz , Pereira Waldir Veiga
Published: October 2011

As infecções causadas por Dipodascus capitatus são raras e de difícil tratamento. Aqui se relata um caso em paciente com leucemia mielocítica aguda. O isolamento fúngico ocorreu a partir de hemocultura e a identificação fenotípica baseou-se em métodos micológicos clássicos; a identificação genotípica foi realizada através do sequenciamento da região D1/D2 do 26 rDNA. Os testes de suscetibilidade foram realizados através do Etest® e microdiluição em caldo. A antifungicoterapia foi ineficaz, registrando-se óbito da paciente no 17° dia após o diagnóstico. Os autores comparam o caso com relatos similares e discutem a emergência destas infecções bem como suas dificuldades diagnósticas e terapêuticas.
Vivências de amamentação da criança portuguesa em idade escolar
Authors: Galvão Dulce Maria Pereira Garcia , Silva Isília Aparecida
Published: October 2011

Estudo descritivo e transversal, utilizando um questionário, com 1.078 crianças entre 7 e 12 anos de idade, dos terceiros e quartos anos do primeiro ciclo do ensino básico, de escolas públicas, para estudar as vivências de amamentação. A maioria delas, 918 (85,2%), sabia que tinha sido amamentada e 895 (83,0%) usaram chupeta. Um pequeno número viu a mãe amamentar e presenciou o pai junto da mãe quando amamentava ou respondeu que na escola os enfermeiros passaram algum conteúdo sobre amamentação. Além disso, a maioria das meninas não brincava de amamentar suas bonecas e 771 (71,5%) crianças disseram que esses brinquedos tinham mamadeira, e outras, chupetas, sendo que nas brincadeiras fingiam alimentar as bonecas com a mamadeira. Elas dizem que gostariam de amamentar, mas que teriam vergonha de fazê-lo em público. Os livros e desenhos animados com que estas crianças têm contato não apresentam figuras de mulheres amamentando. Grande número das crianças considera o leite materno como o melhor alimento para o bebê, mas verificou-se a presença de falsos conceitos e que nem todos sabiam o que era amamentar.
Racismo e saúde: representações sociais de mulheres e profissionais sobre o quesito cor/raça
Authors: Sacramento Amália Nascimento do , Nascimento Enilda Rosendo do
Published: October 2011

Trata-se de um estudo com abordagem multimetodológica apoiado na Teoria das Representações Sociais, com o objetivo de apreender as representações que o quesito cor tem para usuárias e profissionais de serviços públicos de saúde. Foi realizado em Unidades Básicas de Saúde do município de Salvador com 103 sujeitos. Os dados foram coletados por meio do Teste de Associação Livre de Palavras e da entrevista semiestruturada. Utilizou-se Análise Fatorial de Correspondência e análise temática. Os resultados mostram oposição de respostas entre pessoas que se autoclassificaram como brancas e pretas e oposição entre as pessoas mais jovens e mais velhas do estudo. As representações sobre o quesito cor retratam a complexidade da classificação racial e a necessidade de efetivação de trabalhos sobre políticas de saúde e de raças brasileiras.
Avaliação da satisfação dos usuários com o cuidado da saúde mental na Estratégia Saúde da Família
Authors: Coimbra Valéria Cristina Christello , Kantorski Luciane Prado , Oliveira Michele Mandagará de , Pereira Denise Bermudez , Nunes Cristiane Kenes , Eslabão Adriane Domingues
Published: October 2011

Esta pesquisa objetiva avaliar a satisfação de usuários portadores de sofrimento psíquico acompanhados pela Estratégia Saúde da Família, com vistas à integralidade. Foi um estudo de caso desenvolvido a partir de uma pesquisa de avaliação com abordagem qualitativa em uma unidade de saúde da família no município de Chapecó, SC. Os sujeitos do estudo foram 13 usuários com algum tipo de transtorno mental. Para avaliação da satisfação, foram utilizados sete domínios: autonomia, confidencialidade, comunicação, tratamento respeitoso, pronto-atendimento, condições das instalações básicas e acesso à redes de apoio social. Ao final do estudo, identificou-se que os usuários percebem os pontos fortes e os fracos da organização do serviço e do cuidado prestado: o vínculo, a relação entre a equipe e a comunidade, o cuidado com a família, as visitas domiciliares e o olhar integral do profissional de saúde no exame físico foram relatados como motivos de satisfação dos usuários.
O Centro de Atenção Psicossocial no cotidiano dos seus usuários
Authors: Nasi Cíntia , Schneider Jacó Fernando
Published: October 2011

O estudo teve por objetivo compreender o cotidiano de usuários de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS). Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, tendo como referencial teórico-metodológico a sociologia fenomenológica de Alfred Schutz. O campo do estudo foi um CAPS localizado em Porto Alegre e os sujeitos entrevistados constituíram-se em 13 usuários. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre abril e junho de 2008, por meio de entrevista com uma questão norteadora. Na análise compreensiva dos depoimentos, emergiram cinco categorias concretas e este artigo relata sobre a categoria denominada: Os usuários consideram o CAPS como uma dimensão do seu cotidiano. Com essa pesquisa pôde-se compreender as concepções que os usuários têm acerca do seu cotidiano, demonstrando que estão (re)adquirindo o convívio social em diversos espaços da sociedade. Considera-se que os CAPS estão promovendo, além do atendimento, a reabilitação psicossocial dos seus usuários.
Ulceración rectal como una complicación del uso de sistema de control fecal Fexi-Seal: relato de casos
Authors: Monge Francisco Javier Carmona , Angorrilla Irene Álvarez , Aguado Elena Sánchez , Ruiz Felisa Rodríguez
Published: October 2011

El Sistema Fexi-Seal es un dispositivo desarrollado para proporcionar mejores cuidados a los pacientes críticos con incontinencia fecal. Existen trabajos que demuestran la seguridad y eficacia del dispositivo, siendo escasos los relatos relacionados con eventos adversos. El presente artículo presenta dos casos de pacientes críticos portadores de Fexi-Seal que desarrollaron complicaciones con su uso. El sistema se mostró eficaz para el tratamiento, sin embargo, es necesaria atención especial en su manejo, particularmente en cuanto al alivio periódico de la presión de la ampolla rectal y al posicionamiento correcto de la bolsa colectora en la cama para evitar tracción excesiva. El Sistema Flexi-Seal permite manejar adecuadamente la diarrea en pacientes críticos, mejorando su bienestar y disminuyendo las complicaciones asociadas a ella, aunque se torna necesario aumentar el conocimiento sobre las complicaciones relacionadas con su empleo.
Revisão sistemática: noções gerais
Authors: De-la-Torre-Ugarte-Guanilo Mônica Cecilia , Takahashi Renata Ferreira , Bertolozzi Maria Rita
Published: October 2011

A revisão sistemática é uma metodologia útil em saúde, dado que possibilita identificar as melhores evidências e sintetizá-las, para fundamentar propostas de mudanças nas áreas de prevenção, diagnóstico, tratamento e reabilitação. Este artigo tem como objetivo oferecer subsídios para o planejamento da revisão sistemática respondendo às seguintes perguntas: O que é Prática Baseada em Evidências? O que é revisão sistemática? A revisão sistemática deve estar ancorada em pesquisas qualitativas ou quantitativas? Quais são as fontes de informação pertinentes para identificar as evidências? O que é evidência? Quais os procedimentos para validar a revisão sistemática? Como avaliar a qualidade das evidências? Qual metodologia é empregada para a síntese das evidências? Como planejar a revisão sistemática?
Immunohistochemical analysis of collagen content and types in the rectus abdominis muscle of cadavers of different ages
Authors: Calvi Eliziane Nitz de Carvalho , Nahas Fábio Xerfan , Barbosa Marcus Vinícius Jardini , Ihara Silvia Saiuli Miki , Calil José Augusto , Ferreira Lydia Masako
Published: October 2011

PURPOSE: To assess the collagen content and types in the rectus abdominis muscle of cadavers of different ages. METHODS: Forty fresh adult male cadavers, at room temperature, were obtained from the Institute of Legal Medicine of Franca and dissected within 24 hours of death. The cadavers were divided into two groups: Group A (n=20), 18 to 30 years of age, and Group B (n=20), 31 to 60 years of age. Bilateral incisions were made in the middle portion of anterior rectus sheath 3 cm superiorly and 2 cm inferiorly to the umbilicus and four fragments of the rectus abdominis muscle were dissected. The samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and sent for immunohistochemical analysis to determine collagen content and types. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical results revealed higher amounts of type I and type III collagen in Group A. However, no difference in the amount of type IV collagen was found between the groups. CONCLUSION: The amount of type I and type III collagen was higher in group A.
Contraceptive effect of Uncaria tomentosa (cat's claw) in rats with experimental endometriosis
Authors: Nogueira Neto João , Cavalcante Frederico Lucas Lima Paiva , Carvalho Rafael Antonio Freire , Rodrigues Taciana Gabrielle Pinheiro de Moura , Xavier Mariana Santana , Furtado Pablo Gustavo Ribeiro , Schor Eduardo
Published: October 2011

PURPOSE: Evaluate the histological changes in parenchyma´s epithelial layer of the uterus and ovarian of rats with induced endometriosis, treated with Uncaria tomentosa extract. METHODS: 29 rats with experimental endometriosis, were selected and divided in three groups: The uncaria group received 32mg/ml of Uncaria tomentosa extract, 1ml administered daily and the placebo group received 1ml of saline 0.9% per day, during for 14 days (both groups); the leuprolide group received leuprolide acetate 1mg/kg body weight applied single subcutaneous dose. In the 15th day of treatment the uterine horn and ovaries were removed for histopathological analysis. RESULTS: The uncaria group presented nine samples (90%) with immature ovarian follicles, whereas the placebo group did not present any case and in the leuprolide group there were eight rats (88%) with the same change. The placebo group showed mature corpus luteum in all animals, occurring less frequent in uncaria (10%) and leuprolide (22%) groups. The uterine epithelium showed weak proliferative in nine (90%) samples of the uncaria group, in two (20%) animals in the placebo group and seven (77.8%) rats in the leuprolide group. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that Uncaria tomentosa has contraceptive effect.
A high-fat diet as a model of fatty liver disease in rats
Authors: Picchi Monike Garlipp , Mattos Andresa Marques de , Barbosa Marina Rodrigues , Duarte Camila Passos , Gandini Maria de Azevedo , Portari Guilherme Vannucchi , Jordão Alceu Afonso
Published: October 2011

PURPOSE: The objective of the present study was to analyze the physiological and metabolic changes occurring in rats subjected to high-fat diet for one month. METHODS: The animals received a modified AIN-93 diet with increased lipid content and decreased carbohydrate content, while the control group received the normal AIN-93 diet. RESULTS: It was observed that the high-fat diet did not induce weight gain but led to greater gain of hepatic fat compared to control. Biochemcal parameters, glycemia, total cholesterol and serum protein did not differ between groups. In parallel, rats receiving the high-fat diet consumed less feed. CONCLUSION: The development of obesity through high-fat diet is associated with increased energy intake and time of exposure to the diet, while the metabolic syndrome is more associated with the combination of a diet rich in fat and carbohydrates.
Comparative study between ligature with thread or metallic clamping by means of laparoscopy with the purpose of experimental biliary obstruction in swines
Authors: Daneze Edmilson Rodrigo , Terra Guilherme Azevedo , Terra Júnior Júverson Alves , Campos Aline Gomes de , Silva Alex Augusto da , Terra Sílvia Azevedo
Published: October 2011

PURPOSE: To induce a total extra-hepatic obstructive jaundice in swines, by ligation of the common bile duct by laparoscopic surgery. METHODS: Eight swines of the Landrace race, 36-day-old, originated from the same matrix, distributed in two groups. Group A: was used titanium metal clip to the common bile duct ligation in three animals; group B: were ligated with 2-0 cotton thread in five animals. RESULTS: The ligation of the biliary ducts was performed successfully in all animals, with easy identification of the common bile duct by laparoscopy. There weren't difficulties in the procedures, mainly due to the increased surgical field provided by the excellent quality of light and image of the appliance. The clinical signs of jaundice were evident in the animals in seven days. In group A, two animals showed bile duct perforation near the clip, probably due to ischemic necrosis, progressing to peritonitis and death. In group B, five animals showed obstructive jaundice without any amendment. CONCLUSION: Under the conditions of this study, we therefore recommend the use of unabsorbed wires to experimental biliary obstruction, in order to avoid complications, such as ischemia and necrosis, followed by perforation of the wall of the bile ducts.
Fructose and NAFLD: metabolic implications and models of induction in rats
Authors: Castro Gabriela S. F. , Cardoso João F. R. , Vannucchi Helio , Zucoloto Sérgio , Jordão Alceu Afonso
Published: October 2011

PURPOSE: The increase in fructose consumption is paralleled by a higher incidence of obesity worldwide. This monosaccharide is linked to metabolic syndrome, being associated with hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. It is metabolized principally in the liver, where it can be converted into fatty acids, which are stored in the form of triglycerides leading to NAFLD. Several models of NAFLD use diets high in simple carbohydrates. Thus, this study aimed to describe the major metabolic changes caused by excessive consumption of fructose in humans and animals and to present liver abnormalities resulting from high intakes of fructose in different periods of consumption and experimental designs in Wistar rats. METHODS: Two groups of rats were fasted for 48 hours and reefed for 24 or 48 hours with a diet containing 63% fructose. Another group of rats was fed an diet with 63% fructose for 90 days. RESULTS: Refeeding for 24 hours caused accumulation of large amounts of fat, compromising 100% of the hepatocytes. The amount of liver fat in animals refed for 48 hours decreased, remaining mostly in zone 2 (medium-zonal). In liver plates of Wistar rats fed 63% fructose for 45, 60 and 90 days it's possible to see that there is an increase in hepatocytes with fat accumulation according to the increased time; hepatic steatosis, however, is mild, compromising about 20% of the hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Fructose is highly lipogenic, however the induction of chronic models in NAFLD requires long periods of treatment. The acute supply for 24 or 48 hours, fasted rats can cause big changes, liver steatosis with macrovesicular in all lobular zones.
Pancreatic islet allograft in spleen with immunossuppression with cyclosporine. Experimental model in dogs
Authors: Waisberg Jaques , Neff Charles Benjamin , Waisberg Daniel Reis , Germini Demetrius , Gonçalves José Eduardo , Zanotto Arnaldo , Speranzini Manlio Basilio
Published: October 2011

PURPOSE: To study the functional behavior of the allograft with immunosuppression of pancreatic islets in the spleen. METHODS: Five groups of 10 Mongrel dogs were used: Group A (control) underwent biochemical tests; Group B underwent total pancreatectomy; Group C underwent total pancreatectomy and pancreatic islet autotransplant in the spleen; Group D underwent pancreatic islet allograft in the spleen without immunosuppressive therapy; Group E underwent pancreatic islet allograft in the spleen and immunosuppression with cyclosporine. All of the animals with grafts received pancreatic islets prepared by the mechanical-enzymatic method - stationary collagenase digestion and purification with dextran discontinuous density gradient, implanted in the spleen. RESULTS: The animals with autotransplant and those with allografts with immunosuppression that became normoglycemic showed altered results of intravenous tolerance glucose (p < 0.001) and peripheral and splenic vein plasmatic insulin levels were significantly lower (p < 0.001) in animals that had allografts with immunosuppression than in those with just autotransplants. CONCLUSIONS: In the animals with immunosupression with cyclosporine subjected to allograft of pancreatic islets prepared with the mechanical-enzymatic preparation method (stationary collagenase digestion and purification with dextran discontinuous density gradient), the production of insulin is decreased and the response to intravenous glucose is altered.
Histological, biochemical and pharmacologycal characterization of the gastric muscular layer in Chagas disease
Authors: Carlucci Wagner , Ceneviva Reginaldo , Ferreira Sérgio Henrique , Silva Orlando Castro de
Published: October 2011

PURPOSE: To assess in vitro the correlation between the number of neurons and the sensitivity to cholinergic drugs and acetylcholinesterase activity in chagasic patients. METHODS: A 3x1 cm strip of the muscle layer of the anterior part of the stomach, always close to the angular incisure, was removed from 10 chronic chagasic patients (6 men) submitted to megaesophagus or megacolon surgery and from 10 non-chagasic patients (4 men) submitted to other types of surgery (control group), aged on average 52.3 and 50.1 years, respectively, for histological and pharmacological studies. The action of cholinergic drugs was investigated in isolated preparations according to the superfusion method of Ferreira and Costa, and acetylcholinesterase activity was determined by the method of Ellman. For neuron count, the strips were cut into 8 µm sections according to the method standardized by Alcântara. RESULTS: There was a difference in number of neurons between the chagasic (5,6) and control (7,3) groups. Acetylcholinesterase activity, in moles of hydrolyzed substrate per minute per gram tissue, was reduced in chagasic patients (4,32) compared to the controls (7,30). No hypersensitivity of the gastric musculature to cholinergic drugs was detected, with a reduced maximum response to carbachol and betanechol in the chagasic group. CONCLUSIONS: The reduction of neurons in the myenteric plexus of the stomach of chronic chagasic patients can be demonstrated even in the absence of clinical chagasic gastropathy. The hypersensitivity of the gastric musculature to cholinergic drugs probably depends on intense denervation. The reduced acetylcholinesterase activity demonstrates the involvement of the cholinergic innervation in the stomach of chronic chagasic patients. There was no correlation between number of neurons, sensitivity to cholinergic drugs and acetylcholinesterase activity in the gastric musculature of chagasic and non-chagasic patients.
Interfaces between bariatric surgery and oral health: a longitudinal survey
Authors: Marsicano Juliane Avansini , Grec Patrícia Garcia de Moura , Belarmino Lídia Barbieri , Ceneviva Reginaldo , Peres Sílvia Helena de Carvalho Sales
Published: October 2011

PURPOSE: To evaluate oral changes, such as dental caries, periodontal disease, dental wear and salivary flow in bariatric patients. Fifty four obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery were studied before (n=54), up after 3 months (n=24) and 6 months (n=16). METHODS: Indices for evaluating oral conditions were: DMFT, CPI, DWI and salivary flow. OIDP questionnaire was used to assess the impact of oral health on quality of life. ANOVA and Spearman correlation were used (p<0.05). RESULTS: DMFT was 17.6±5.7, 18.4±4.1 and 18.3±5.5 (P>0.05), presence of periodontal pockets in 50%, 58% and 50% of patients (p>0.05), tooth wear in dentin present in 81.5%, 87.5% and 87.5% before, 3 and 6 months after surgical treatment respectively. There were differences between the three periods for prevalence and severity of dental wear (p = 0.012). Salivary flow was 0.8±0.5 ml/min before surgery, 0.9±0.5 ml/min for 3 months and 1.1±0.5m/min for 6 months (p>0.05). The impact of oral health on quality of life decreased with time after bariatric surgery (p= 0.029). CONCLUSION: The lifestyle changes after bariatric surgery and these changes may increase the severity of pre-existing dental problems. However, these alterations in oral health did not influence the quality of life.
Influence of metoclopramide on abdominal wall healing in rats subjected to colonic anastomosis in the presence of peritoneal sepsis induced
Authors: Silva Naiara Galvão da , Brandão Alexandre Malta , Oliveira Marcos Vinícius Melo de , Morais Pedro Henrique Alves de , Silva Silvana Marques e , Carneiro Fabiana Pirani , Sousa João Batista de
Published: October 2011

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of metoclopramide on abdominal wall healing in rats in the presence of sepsis. METHODS: 40 rats divided into two groups of twenty animals, subdivided into two subgroups of 10 animals each: group (E) - treated with metoclopramide, and saline-treated control group. The two groups were divided into subgroups of 10 to be killed on the 3rd day (n = 10) or day 7 (n = 10) after surgery. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture. We performed also the section and anastomosis in left colon. The synthesis of the abdominal wall was made with 3-0 silk thread. We measured the breaking strength of the abdominal wall and made the histopathological evaluation. RESULTS: on 3rd day postoperative, the average breaking strength in the E group was 0.83 ± 0.66 and in group C was 0.35 ± 0.46 (p = 0.010). On the seventh day, the breaking strength in group E was11.44 ± 5.07, in group C 11.66 ± 7.38 (p = 1.000). The E7 group showed lower inflammatory infiltration, foreign body reaction, fibrin than control. CONCLUSION: animals treated with metoclopramide had a higher resistance of the abdominal wall on the 3rd postoperative day.
Chronic partial urethral obstruction in female rats: description of an experimental model and initial results
Authors: Tucci Jr Silvio , Molina Carlos Augusto Ferreira , Cassini Marcelo Ferreira , Andrade Murilo Ferreira de , Lima Gilson José de , Martins Antonio Carlos Pereira
Published: October 2011

PURPOSE: To develop an experimental model of infravesical urinary obstruction in female rats. METHODS: After median caudal laparotomy, the urethra of 14 female rats was delicately separated from the vagina and loosely wrapped with cellophane tape measuring 0.4 x 1.0 cm. The animals were evaluated 4 (n=7) and 8 (n=7) weeks later. Five additional control animals were only subjected to separation of the urethra and vagina and monitored for 12 weeks. RESULTS: After four weeks, three rats presented vesical dilation associated with discrete ureteral ectasis in 2 animals, with the third presenting discrete hydronephrosis in one kidney. After eight weeks, five rats (71.4%) presented vesical distension with bilateral ureterohydronephrosis. No significant changes (p>0.05) in serum urea or creatinine occurred in any group compared to preoperative values. CONCLUSION: We present here an inexpensive and simple method for the slow induction of urethral obstruction in adult female rats, with the development of progressive vesical hypertrophy and ureterohydronephrosis, which may be used as an experimental model for the study of different aspects of obstructive nephropathy.
Correlation between the presence of inguinal hernia and the intensity of lower urinary tract symptoms
Authors: Reis Rodolfo Borges dos , Rodrigues Neto Antonio Antunes , Reis Leonardo Oliveira , Machado Roberto Dias , Kaplan Steven
Published: October 2011

PURPOSE: To verify the correlation between the presence of IH and the intensity of LUTS related to BPH quantified through the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). METHODS: We prospectively selected 52 patients over the age of 55years; Patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1: composed of 32 patients with IH; Group 2 (control group): composed of 20 patients with no clinical evidence of IH. All patients were assessed using the IPSS, uroflowmetry (Qmax), post-void residual urine volume (PVR) and prostate volume (PV). RESULTS: Groups 1 and 2 presented no difference in PV (p>0.05) and uroflowmetry (Qmax) (p>0.05). There was a statistical significant difference between the PVR mean values between groups 1 and 2. The presence of IH correlated with a higher IPSS score (r=0.38 p<0.05) despite the fact the no difference was detected between the incidence of patients with mild, moderate and severe LUTS in groups 1 and 2. CONCLUSION: Patients with IH present higher IPSS. The role of IPSS as a marker to predict the development of clinical IH still to be determined.
Crohn's disease and hyperbaric oxygen therapy
Authors: Iezzi Leonardo Estenio , Feitosa Marley Ribeiro , Medeiros Bruno Amaral , Aquino Jussara C. , Almeida Ana Luiza Normanha Ribeiro de , Parra Rogerio Serafim , Rocha José Joaquim Ribeiro da , Féres Omar
Published: October 2011

PURPOSE: Evaluate the application of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBO) in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) refractory to pharmacologic therapy, who developed abdominal, anorectal or skin complications. METHODS: Fourteen selected patients with refractory CD and treated at the School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (FMRP-USP) and at the Center of Hyperbaric Medicine, São Paulo Hospital (CEMEHI) were submitted to HBO. RESULTS: Of the 14 patients evaluated, 11 had a satisfactory response. CONCLUSION: HBO has shown benefits in patients with CD refractory to pharmacologic therapy.
Transseptumpellucidumrostrostomy: anatomical considerations and neuroendoscopic approach
Authors: Fuziki Eduardo José Takashi , Dezena Roberto Alexandre , Colli Benedicto Oscar
Published: October 2011

PURPOSE: Verify the presence of the rostral lamina of the corpus callosum, and set parameters for neuroendoscopy. METHODS: Relationship of the floor of the frontal horn of lateral ventricle and the hypothalamic-septal region were studied after sagittal and axial sections of the brains. Measurements were compared using F and Student t tests. The correlations between anterior-posterior diameter of the interventricular foramen / anterior-posterior diameter of the fornix column, and between anterior-posterior diameter of the interventricular foramen / length of the rostral lamina were performed by Pearson index test. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in measurements performed in both hemispheres (p<0.05). Positive correlations were observed between the anterior-posterior diameter of the interventricular foramen / anterior-posterior diameter of the fornix column (R = 0.35), and between the anterior-posterior diameter of the interventricular foramen / length of the rostral lamina (R = 0.23). CONCLUSION: Rostral lamina was observed in all brains. It was possible to perform an endoscopic fenestration in the rostral lamina, communicating safely the lateral ventricle with a polygonal subcallosal cistern.
Protocolo de cuidados de enfermagem no ambiente aeroespacial à pacientes traumatizados: cuidados durante e após o voo
Authors: Schweitzer Gabriela , Nascimento Eliane Regina Pereira do , Nascimento Keyla Cristina do , Moreira André Ricardo , Bertoncello Kátia Cilene Godinho
Published: October 2011

Este artigo teve como objetivo identificar os cuidados de enfermagem necessários para construir um protocolo de atendimento a pacientes adultos traumatizados, aerorremovidos, específico aos períodos durante e após o voo, baseado nos princípios do Prehospital Trauma Life Support. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa convergente-assistencial, realizada na Divisão de Operações Aéreas em São José, Santa Catarina, no período de abril a junho de 2010. Para a construção do protocolo foram utilizadas entrevista individual e encontros em grupo. Participaram oito enfermeiros que atuam no serviço. O protocolo contempla cuidados relativos à segurança em voo, avaliação constante do paciente durante a remoção e na entrega ao destino final. O protocolo propiciará uma prática de cuidado mais segura aos pacientes aerorremovidos. Sugere-se outros estudos voltados para a atuação do enfermeiro, como a criação de novos protocolos que orientem a assistência no ambiente aeroespacial.
Prevalência de dor crônica em estudantes universitários de enfermagem
Authors: Silva Camila Damázio da , Ferraz Gisely Carvalho , Souza Layz Alves Ferreira , Cruz Ligia Vanessa Silva , Stival Marina Morato , Pereira Lilian Varanda
Published: October 2011

A dor crônica é uma das principais causas de incapacidade entre os indivíduos. O objetivo do estudo foi estimar a prevalência deste tipo de dor em estudantes universitários de enfermagem e caracterizá-la segundo a ocorrência, localização, duração, intensidade e qualidade. Estudo transversal, desenvolvido em uma Faculdade de Enfermagem de Goiás, entre maio e junho de 2008, com 211 estudantes. A prevalência de dor crônica autorrelatada foi de 59,7%, frequentemente localizada na cabeça (38,1%), região lombar (11,9%) e ombros/ membros superiores (11,9%). Em 46% dos casos, o convívio com a dor variou de um a cinco anos; a intensidade foi caracterizada como forte (Mediana do escore de dor=7,0) e descrita como latejante, pontada, cansativa, enjoada, que incomoda e aperto. A alta prevalência de dor entre jovens universitários de enfermagem aponta o futuro da saúde dessa população, a necessidade de intervenções para redução de agravos e adequado alívio dessa experiência.
Revista enfermagem em novas dimensões: wanda horta e sua contribuição para a construção de um novo saber da enfermagem (1975-1979)
Authors: Lucena Ive Cristina Duarte de , Barreira Ieda de Alencar
Published: October 2011

Trata-se de um estudo histórico-social sobre a Revista Enfermagem em Novas Dimensões, que circulou, em nível nacional, no período de 1975-1979. Objetivos: analisar os artigos publicados na referida revista e discutir sua importância para a construção de um novo saber de enfermagem, sobre as concepções teóricas e a metodologia da assistência de enfermagem. O estudo foi realizado no primeiro semestre de 2010. As fontes primárias principais foram os cinco volumes da Revista Enfermagem em Novas Dimensões. A criação desta revista foi o resultado do empenho pessoal de Wanda de Aguiar Horta, sua idealizadora, criadora, editora e redatora, apoiada por um pequeno grupo de docentes da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo. A contribuição da Revista Enfermagem em Novas Dimensões para a construção de um novo saber da enfermagem deve-se principalmente aos artigos de Horta, que alicerçaram o desenvolvimento de uma teoria de enfermagem e de uma metodologia dela derivada.
Câncer de colo do útero: mortalidade em santa catarina - Brasil, 2000 a 2009
Authors: Arzuaga-Salazar Maria Angélica , Souza Maria de Lourdes de , Martins Haimee Emerich Lentz , Locks Maria Teresa Rogério , Monticelli Marisa , Peixoto Heloisa Galotti
Published: October 2011

O câncer de colo do útero no Brasil é a terceira neoplasia mais comum em mulheres e apresenta alta mortalidade. O objetivo foi o de avaliar a mortalidade por câncer de colo do útero, ocorrida no Estado de Santa Catarina, no período de 2000 a 2009. Estudo descritivo de base populacional, com a inclusão de todos os óbitos de mulheres, por câncer de colo do útero. Nos dados coletados do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade, do Ministério da Saúde brasileiro, foram identificadas 1253 mortes de mulheres associadas a esta neoplasia. A taxa de mortalidade calculada variou no período entre 3,6 a 4,9 mortes por 100.000 mulheres, sendo mais elevada em mulheres com sessenta e mais anos. A enfermagem contribui para a construção da cultura de prevenção desta neoplasia, para realização dos testes diagnósticos e para a captação e o seguimento das mulheres de risco pela rede básica de saúde.