bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apichatpong: Staging the photo session
Authors: Suter Jacquelyn
Published: June 2013

When Apichatpong Weerasethakul’s Loong Boonmee raleuk chat /Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives won the Palme d’Or at Cannes in 2010, many international critics acclaimed its modernist cinematic vocabulary coupled with what they perceived to be Thai exoticism in
character depiction, local custom, and environment. Focus on exoticism in Apichatpong’s films has been a familiar refrain in international critical reception of his films. This article explores reception of Uncle Boonmee in two registers: that of the international critic who knows little
about Thai history or localisms, as opposed to that of a spectator with a wider and more nuanced appreciation of Thai history and custom. It is argued that the film is structured around a thematics of history/memory/remembrance. Texts speaking to recent Thai history are explored in order to
exemplify the rich cultural associations surrounding Uncle Boonmee. Additionally, it is argued that this thematics and its surrounding cultural texts are woven together by a central trope of photography, theoretically enlivened by using Walter Benjamin’s concept of the ‘optical
unconscious’. Apichatpong has constructed a film text that ingeniously melds a slice of Thai history with that of the fictive life of Uncle Boonmee and his relationships to set in motion parallel discourses – a personal life suggestive of the ‘life’ of the Thai nation.
The long take and the time image in recent ‘Chinese’ cinemas: Realism reconsidered
Authors: Chesney Duncan
Published: June 2013

This article addresses criticism about the ostensibly mannerist and inauthentic adoption of a long-take, long-shot style by directors within recent ‘Chinese’ cinema, particularly Jia Zhangke, and defends the legitimacy of the dialectical employment of stylistic techniques
in the service of film realism – not, however, a simplistic re-presentationally conceived realism, but realism as a particular aesthetic production. In doing so it defends the dual notions of film as art, and of film art as committed to social truth.
Multicriteria similarity models for medical diagnostic support algorithms
Authors: Ameljańczyk Andrzej
Published: June 2013

The paper presents a general procedure model for the identification of diagnostic medical patterns based on multicriteria assessment of similarity. A general similarity detection area was defined, in which a pattern recognition optimization problem was formulated. An exemplary algorithm supporting the process of determining the initial medical diagnosis based on the identified disease symptoms and risk factors is presented. The presented algorithm allows for determining a set of diseases from which there is none more probable, and their ranking.
An introduction to watermarking of medical images
Authors: Wójtowicz Wioletta
Published: June 2013

This paper provides a preliminary investigation on digital watermarking as an effective technology to protect property rights and limit distribution of multimedia data. First, crucial properties and design requirements of watermarking schemes are discussed. Then, as watermarking techniques finds many applications in healthcare industry, aspects of medical image watermarking are raised. Nowadays, the transmission of digitized medical information has become very easy due to the generality of Internet. However, the digital form of these images can easily be manipulated and degraded. This causes problems of medical security and copyright protection and poses a great challenge to privacy protection using watermarking techniques.
Heart rate variability assessment with rational-dilation wavelet transform
Authors: Buchner Teodor , Grzyb Grzegorz , Krzesiński Paweł
Published: June 2013

Wavelet transform on a rational dilation is proposed as a method of assessment of spectral power in low and high frequency (LF and HF, respectively) bands for heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. One of the unique properties of this method is a possibility to align the band limits of certain scales with the limits of ranges LF and HF used in HRV analysis. The method parameters are optimized for use in the context of HRV analysis. Suitable examples are tilt test recordings analyzed using the optimized rational-dilation wavelet transform method.
Learner-generated versus author-provided computer-based flow diagrams in medical education
Authors: Kononowicz Andrzej A. , Kenig Jakub
Published: June 2013

Graphic organizers are popular tools which support meaningful learning. The aim of this study was to compare the learning outcomes of two educational scenarios involving the use of learner-generated or author-provided flow diagrams. Thirty-six third to fifth year medical students worked in pairs in the ‘Bit Pathways’ computer-aided learning environment. The group using author-provided graphic organizers performed significantly better on a knowledge retention test 1 month after the learning activity, requiring less preparatory time than the group generating their own graphic organizers (Cohen’s d effect size=0.84, p=0.03). Students liked both learning activities; however, the preference for learning-by-viewing was clear. Students’ quality of flow diagrams were correlated positively with the outcomes of the knowledge post-test (Spearman’s R=0.75, p=0.03). The generally poor quality of learner-generated diagrams indicated that better guided instructional designs for the learning-by-doing scenario are needed. This paper outlines further development directions of both tested scenarios.
Serious games in medicine
Authors: Szczęsna Agnieszka
Published: June 2013

Computer and video games are increasingly being used for serious purposes and not only for entertainment. In recent years, we have observed a very fast market development of serious games, which are used for education, simulation, research, health, and therapy purposes. This article describes the main features of serious games used for health. This group of serious games includes health promotion games (for example, game on healthy nutrition, physical activity), games with information about diseases and treatment procedures, rehabilitation games (also known as “exergames”), games for cognitive distraction during painful medical procedures, and games with psychology content. Three examples of serious games for health were described in this article. This article also presents the design prototype of a psychology-centered serious game, Mission – Master Your Fear, which focuses on issues and problems of preschool children.
Hair removal from dermoscopic color images
Authors: Jaworek-Korjakowska Joanna , Tadeusiewicz Ryszard
Published: June 2013

Skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer in people, regardless of age, gender, or race. One of the most common malignant skin cancers is melanoma, which is a dangerous proliferation of melanocytes. It is a well-known fact that early diagnosis of skin cancer is crucial and allows for successful treatment. Treatment of melanoma is not effective when melanoma is at an advanced stage. A widely used tool for the examination of skin lesions is a dermatoscope, which uses optic magnification to visualize features that are invisible to the naked eye. For a precise and objective diagnosis, there is a need for a computerized method for the removal and inpainting of hairs in image processing. In this study, we present an algorithm for the detection and inpainting of hairs in color dermoscopic images.
S-glutathionylation: relevance in diabetes and potential role as a biomarker
Authors: Sánchez-Gómez Francisco J. , Espinosa-Díez Cristina , Dubey Megha , Dikshit Madhu , Lamas Santiago
Published: June 2013

Glutathione is considered the main regulator of redox balance in the cellular milieu due to its capacity for detoxifying deleterious molecules. The oxidative stress induced as a result of a variety of stimuli promotes protein oxidation, usually at cysteine residues, leading to changes in their activity. Mild oxidative stress, which may take place in physiological conditions, induces the reversible oxidation of cysteines to sulfenic acid form, while pathological conditions are associated with higher rates of reactive oxygen species production, inducing the irreversible oxidation of cysteines. Among these, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes have been proposed to be pathogenetically linked to this state. In diabetes-associated vascular complications, lower levels of glutathione and increased oxidative stress have been reported. S-glutathionylation has been proposed as a posttranslational modification able to protect proteins from over-oxidizing environments. S-glutathionylation has been identified in proteins involved in diabetic models both in vitro and in vivo. In all of them, S-glutathionylation represents a mechanism that regulates the response to diabetic conditions, and has been described to occur in erythrocytes and neutrophils from diabetic patients. However, additional studies are necessary to discern whether this modification represents a biomarker for the early onset of diabetic vascular complications.
Evidence for an interaction between proinsulin C-peptide and GPR146
Authors: Yosten Gina L C , Kolar Grant R , Redlinger Lauren J , Samson Willis K
Published: June 2013

Microvascular diseases, such as retinopathies, neuropathies, and nephropathies, are a devastating consequence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The etiology of diabetes-associated microvascular dysfunction is poorly understood, and, likewise, treatment modalities for these disorders are limited. Interestingly, proinsulin C-peptide has been shown to play a protective role against diabetes-associated complications in experimental animals and in diabetic humans and is thus an attractive therapeutic target. However, an important step in the development of C-peptide-based therapeutics is identification of the C-peptide receptor, which is likely a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Using a unique Deductive Ligand-Receptor Matching Strategy, we sought to determine whether one of the known orphan GPCRs is essential for C-peptide signaling. Knockdown of GPR146, but not GPR107 or GPR160, blocked C-peptide-induced cFos expression in KATOIII cells. Furthermore, stimulation with C-peptide caused internalization of GPR146, and examples of punctate colocalization were observed between C-peptide and GPR146 on KATOIII cell membranes. These data indicate that GPR146 is likely a part of the C-peptide signaling complex and provide a platform for the elucidation of the C-peptide signalosome.
Undertreatment of Tobacco Use Relative to Other Chronic Conditions
Authors: Bernstein Steven L. , Yu Sunkyung , Post Lori A. , Dziura James , Rigotti Nancy A.
Published: June 2013

Objectives. We compared the likelihood that a tobacco user would receive treatment with the likelihood that an adult with another common chronic condition would receive treatment for that condition at an office visit.

Methods. We analyzed data from the 2005–2007 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey to compare the proportion of US office visits at which tobacco users and individuals with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, asthma, or depression received condition-specific treatment. We calculated the odds that a visit for a comparison condition would result in treatment relative to a visit for tobacco dependence.

Results. From 2005 to 2007, 38 004 patient visits involved at least 1 study condition. Tobacco users received medication at fewer visits (4.4%) than individuals with hypertension (57.4%), diabetes (46.2%), hyperlipidemia (47.1%), asthma (42.6%), and depression (53.3%). In multivariate analyses, the odds for pharmacological treatment of these disorders relative to tobacco use were, for hypertension, 32.8; diabetes, 20.9; hyperlipidemia, 16.5; asthma, 22.1; and depression, 24.0 (all Ps < .001). Patients with hypertension, diabetes, or hyperlipidemia were also more likely to receive behavioral counseling.

Conclusions. Alternate models of engagement may be needed to enhance use of effective treatments for tobacco use.
Effects of State Medical Marijuana Laws on Adolescent Marijuana Use
Authors: Lynne-Landsman Sarah D. , Livingston Melvin D. , Wagenaar Alexander C.
Published: June 2013

Objectives. Medical marijuana laws (MMLs) have been suggested as a possible cause of increases in marijuana use among adolescents in the United States. We evaluated the effects of MMLs on adolescent marijuana use from 2003 through 2011.

Methods. We used data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey and a difference-in-differences design to evaluate the effects of passage of state MMLs on adolescent marijuana use. The states examined (Montana, Rhode Island, Michigan, and Delaware) had passed MMLs at different times over a period of 8 years, ensuring that contemporaneous history was not a design confound.

Results. In 40 planned comparisons of adolescents exposed and not exposed to MMLs across states and over time, only 2 significant effects were found, an outcome expected according to chance alone. Further examination of the (nonsignificant) estimates revealed no discernible pattern suggesting an effect on either self-reported prevalence or frequency of marijuana use.

Conclusions. Our results suggest that, in the states assessed here, MMLs have not measurably affected adolescent marijuana use in the first few years after their enactment. Longer-term results, after MMLs are more fully implemented, might be different.
Heat Index in Migrant Farmworker Housing: Implications for Rest and Recovery From Work-Related Heat Stress
Authors: Quandt Sara A. , Wiggins Melinda F. , Chen Haiying , Bischoff Werner E. , Arcury Thomas A.
Published: June 2013

Although the health risk to farmworkers of working in hot conditions is recognized, potential for excessive heat exposure in housing affecting rest and recovery has been ignored. We assessed heat index in common and sleeping rooms in 170 North Carolina farmworker camps across a summer and examined associations with time of summer and air conditioning use. We recorded dangerous heat indexes in most rooms, regardless of time or air conditioning. Policies to reduce heat indexes in farmworker housing should be developed.
In-Person and Telephone Treatment of Tobacco Dependence: A Comparison of Treatment Outcomes and Participant Characteristics
Authors: Sheffer Christine , Stitzer Maxine , Landes Reid , Brackman S. Laney , Munn Tiffany
Published: June 2013

Objectives. We compared participant characteristics and abstinence outcomes of smokers who chose in-person or telephone tobacco dependence treatment.

Methods. We provided the same treatment content to 7267 smokers in Arkansas between 2005 and 2008 who self-selected treatment modality; examined demographic, clinical, environmental, and treatment utilization differences between modalities; and modeled outcomes and participants’ choice of modality with logistic regression.

Results. At end of treatment, in-person participants were more likely to be abstinent than telephone participants, and smokers of higher socioeconomic status (SES) were more likely to be abstinent with telephone treatment than lower-SES smokers. Long term, modality had no effect on treatment outcomes. Higher-SES smokers and smokers exposed to more treatment content were more likely to achieve long-term abstinence, regardless of modality. Men and more recalcitrant smokers were more likely to choose in-person treatment; lower-SES, ethnic minority, and more dependent smokers were more likely to choose telephone treatment.

Conclusions. Treatment modality attracts different groups of smokers, but has no effect on long-term abstinence. Multiple treatment modalities are needed to provide treatment to a heterogeneous population of smokers. More research is needed to understand the influences on treatment choice.
Reduction in HCV Incidence Among Injection Drug Users Attending Needle and Syringe Programs in Australia: A Linkage Study
Authors: Iversen Jenny , Wand Handan , Topp Libby , Kaldor John , Maher Lisa
Published: June 2013

Objectives. We examined trends in HCV incident infection among injection drug users (IDUs) attending needle and syringe programs (NSPs) in Australia in 1995 to 2010.

Methods. We created a passive retrospective cohort of 724 IDUs who tested negative for HCV antibodies by a simple deterministic method linking partial identifiers to find repeat respondents in annual cross-sectional serosurveillance.

Results. We identified 180 HCV seroconversions over the study period, for a pooled incidence density of 17.0 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14.68, 19.66). Incidence density declined, from a high of 30.8 per 100 person-years (95% CI = 21.3, 44.6) in 2003 to a low of 4.0 (95% CI = 1.3, 12.3) in 2009.

Conclusions. A decline in HCV incidence among Australian IDUs attending NSPs coincided with considerable expansion of harm reduction programs and a likely reduction in the number of IDUs, associated with significant changes in drug markets. Our results demonstrate the capacity of repeat cross-sectional serosurveillance to monitor trends in HCV incidence and provide a platform from which to assess the impact of prevention and treatment interventions.
Engaging HIV Care Providers in Conversations With Their Reproductive-Age Patients About Fertility Desires and Intentions: A Historical Review of the HIV Epidemic in the United States
Authors: Steiner Riley J. , Finocchario-Kessler Sarah , Dariotis Jacinda K.
Published: June 2013

Provider-initiated conversations with people living with HIV about reproductive plans are lacking. Providers must know whether their patients want to bear children to tailor treatment and refer for HIV preconception counseling to help achieve patients’ reproductive goals while minimizing transmission to partners and children. The early focus on men who have sex with men largely excluded consideration of the epidemic’s impact on reproductive health. We used a historical review of the US epidemic to describe the problem’s scope and understand if this legacy underlies the current neglect of reproductive planning. Drawing on peer-reviewed literature, we discuss key themes relevant to assessing and understanding attention to desires for children among HIV-positive people. We conclude with recommendations for addressing persistent stigma and enhancing patient–provider communication about reproductive intentions.
Policies to Reduce Influenza in the Workplace: Impact Assessments Using an Agent-Based Model
Authors: Kumar Supriya , Grefenstette John J. , Galloway David , Albert Steven M. , Burke Donald S.
Published: June 2013

Objectives. We examined the impact of access to paid sick days (PSDs) and stay-at-home behavior on the influenza attack rate in workplaces.

Methods. We used an agent-based model of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, with PSD data from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, standard influenza epidemic parameters, and the probability of staying home when ill. We compared the influenza attack rate among employees resulting from workplace transmission, focusing on the effects of presenteeism (going to work when ill).

Results. In a simulated influenza epidemic (R0 = 1.4), the attack rate among employees owing to workplace transmission was 11.54%. A large proportion (72.00%) of this attack rate resulted from exposure to employees engaging in presenteeism. Universal PSDs reduced workplace infections by 5.86%. Providing 1 or 2 “flu days”—allowing employees with influenza to stay home—reduced workplace infections by 25.33% and 39.22%, respectively.

Conclusions. PSDs reduce influenza transmission owing to presenteeism and, hence, the burden of influenza illness in workplaces.
Geospatial Technology and the “Exposome”: New Perspectives on Addiction
Authors: Stahler Gerald J. , Mennis Jeremy , Baron David A.
Published: June 2013

Addiction represents one of the greatest public health problems facing the United States. Advances in addiction research have focused on the neurobiology of this disease. We discuss potential new breakthroughs in understanding the other side of gene-environment interactions—the environmental context or “exposome” of addiction.

Such research has recently been made possible by advances in geospatial technologies together with new mobile and sensor computing platforms. These advances have fostered interdisciplinary collaborations focusing on the intersection of environment and behavior in addiction research.

Although issues of privacy protection for study participants remain, these advances could potentially improve our understanding of initiation of drug use and relapse and help develop innovative technology-based interventions to improve treatment and continuing care services.
Increased Risks of Needing Long-Term Care Among Older Adults Living With Same-Sex Partners
Authors: Hiedemann Bridget , Brodoff Lisa
Published: June 2013

Objectives. We examined whether older individuals living with same-sex partners face greater risks of needing long-term care than their counterparts living with different-sex partners or spouses.

Methods. With data on older couples (at least 1 individual aged 60 years or older) from the 2009 American Community Survey, we estimated logistic regression models of 2 activity limitations that signal a long-term care need: difficulty dressing or bathing and difficulty doing errands alone.

Results. When we controlled for age, race/ethnicity, and education, older women who lived with female partners were statistically significantly more likely than those who lived with male partners or spouses to have difficulty dressing or bathing. Older men who lived with male partners were statistically significantly more likely than those who lived with female spouses or partners to need assistance with errands.

Conclusions. Older individuals living with same-sex partners face greater risks of needing long-term care than those living with different-sex partners or spouses, but the role of relationship status differs by gender. These findings suggest more broadly that older gay men and lesbians may face greater risks of needing long-term care than their heterosexual counterparts.
The Pattern of Indoor Smoking Restriction Law Transitions, 1970–2009: Laws Are Sticky
Authors: Sanders-Jackson Ashley , Gonzalez Mariaelena , Zerbe Brandon , Song Anna V. , Glantz Stanton A.
Published: June 2013

Objectives. We examined the pattern of the passage of smoking laws across venues (government and private workplaces, restaurants, bars) and by strength (no law to 100% smoke-free).

Methods. We conducted transition analyses of local and state smoking restrictions passed between 1970 and 2009, with data from the Americans for Nonsmokers’ Rights Ordinance Database.

Results. Each decade, more laws were enacted, from 18 passed in the 1970s to 3172 in the first decade of this century, when 91% of existing state laws were passed. Most laws passed took states and localities from no law to some level of smoking restriction, and most new local (77%; 5148/6648) and state (73%; 115/158) laws passed in the study period did not change strength.

Conclusions. Because these laws are “sticky”—once a law has passed, strength of the law and venues covered do not change often—policymakers and advocates should focus on passing strong laws the first time, rather than settling for less comprehensive laws with the hope of improving them in the future.
Multiple positive solutions for discrete p-Laplacian equations with potential term
Authors: Kim Jong-Ho , Park Jea-Hyun , Lee June-Yub
Published: June 2013

We study the existence of solutions to nonlinear discrete boundary value
problems with the discrete p-Laplacian, potential, and nonlinear source
terms. Using variational methods, we demonstrate that there exist at least
two positive solutions. The existence strongly depends on the smallest
positive eigenvalue of Dirichlet eigenvalue problems and the growth
conditions of the source terms.
Porcelain veneers - preparation design: A retrospective review
Authors: Obradovic-Djuricic Kosovka , Medic Vesna , Dodic Slobodan , Djurisic Slobodan , Jokic Bojan , Kuzmanovic Jovana
Published: June 2013

This paper discusses the preparation of tooth design for porcelain veneers.
It follows the literature more than three decades back in the past. From the
very beginning, porcelain veneers were placed to no/minimally prepared tooth
substance, showing different problems in clinical use. Later, the technique
of etching the porcelain and controlling the reduction of tooth structure,
presented the great steps forward in porcelain veneers accepting. A special
accent concerning the preparative design was placed on variations of incisal
edge preparation - the problem, which is still present in current practice.
Additionally, the paper emphasizes the extremely demanding protocols in
making the porcelain veneers as well as their expanded clinical indications.
Do Individual Auditors Affect Audit Quality? Evidence from Archival Data
Authors: Gul Ferdinand A. , Wu Donghui , Yang Zhifeng
Published: June 2013

We examine whether and how individual auditors affect audit outcomes using a large set of archival Chinese data. We analyze approximately 800 individual auditors and find that they exhibit significant variation in audit quality. The effects that individual auditors have on audit quality are both economically and statistically significant, and are pronounced in both large and small audit firms. We also find that the individual auditor effects on audit quality can be partially explained by auditor characteristics, such as educational background, Big N audit firm experience, rank in the audit firm, and political affiliation. Our findings highlight the importance of scrutinizing and understanding audit quality at the individual auditor level.

Data Availability: Data used in this study are publicly available from the sources described herein.
MicroRNA-24/MODY Gene Regulatory Pathway Mediates Pancreatic β-Cell Dysfunction
Authors: Zhu Yunxia , You Weiyan , Wang Hongdong , Li Yating , Qiao Nan , Shi Yuguang , Zhang Chenyu , Bleich David , Han Xiao
Published: June 2013

Overnutrition and genetics both contribute separately to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, but how these factors interact is unclear. This study was aimed at determining whether microRNAs (miRNAs) provide a link between these factors. In this study, miRNA-24 (miR-24) was highly expressed in pancreatic β-cells and further upregulated in islets from genetic fatty (db/db) or mice fed a high-fat diet, and islets subject to oxidative stress. Overexpression of miR-24 inhibited insulin secretion and β-cell proliferation, potentially involving 351 downregulated genes. By using bioinformatic analysis combined with luciferase-based promoter activity assays and quantitative real-time PCR assays, we identified two maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) genes as direct targets of miR-24. Silencing either of these MODY genes (Hnf1a and Neurod1) mimicked the cellular phenotype caused by miR-24 overexpression, whereas restoring their expression rescued β-cell function. Our findings functionally link the miR-24/MODY gene regulatory pathway to the onset of type 2 diabetes and create a novel network between nutrient overload and genetic diabetes via miR-24.
Haptoglobin Genotype and the Rate of Renal Function Decline in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study
Authors: Orchard Trevor J. , Sun Wanjie , Cleary Patricia A. , Genuth Saul M. , Lachin John M. , McGee Paula , Paterson Andrew D. , Raskin Philip , Anbinder Yefim , Levy Andrew P. ,   the DCCT/EDIC Research Group
Published: June 2013

Many patients with type 1 diabetes develop renal disease despite moderately good metabolic control, suggesting other risk factors may play a role. Recent evidence suggests that the haptoglobin (HP) 2-2 genotype, which codes for a protein with reduced antioxidant activity, may predict renal function decline in type 1 diabetes. We examined this hypothesis in 1,303 Caucasian participants in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) study. HP genotype was determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation and albumin excretion based on timed urine samples. Participants were followed up for a mean of 22 years. HP genotype was significantly associated with the development of sustained estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), with HP 2-2 having greater risk than HP 2-1 and 1-1. No association was seen with albuminuria. Although there was no treatment group interaction, the associations were only significant in the conventional treatment group, where events rates were much higher. We conclude that the HP genotype is significantly associated with the development of reduced GFR and ESRD in the DCCT/EDIC study.
Salivary Cortisol, Salivary Alpha Amylase, and the Dental Anxiety Scale
Authors: Sadi Hana , Finkelman Matthew , Rosenberg Morton
Published: June 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between dental anxiety, salivary cortisol, and salivary alpha amylase (sAA) levels. Furthermore, the aim was to look into individual differences such as age, race, gender, any existing pain, or traumatic dental experience and their effect on dental anxiety. This study followed a cross-sectional design and included a convenience sample of 46. Every patient was asked to complete the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) and a basic demographic/dental history questionnaire. A saliva sample, utilizing the method of passive drooling, was then collected in 2-mL cryovials. Samples were analyzed for salivary cortisol and sAA levels by Salimetrics. Significant associations were observed between DAS scores and presence of pain and history of traumatic dental experience. However, no significant correlations were observed between DAS, cortisol, and sAA levels. Our study reconfirms that dental anxiety is associated with presence of pain and a history of traumatic dental experience. On the other hand, our study was the first to our knowledge to test the correlation between the DAS and sAA; nevertheless, our results failed to show any significant correlation between dental anxiety, cortisol, and sAA levels.
Post-sedation Events in Children Sedated for Dental Care
Authors: Ritwik Priyanshi , Cao Linda T. , Curran Ronald , Musselman Robert J.
Published: June 2013

Moderate oral sedation is used in pediatric dentistry for safe delivery of dental care to children. However, there is a paucity of data on the effects of pediatric dental sedations after discharge of children from the dental office. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the incidence of adverse events occurring with meperidine and hydroxyzine versus midazolam alone 8 and 24 hours after sedation in pediatric dental patients. In this prospective study, a convenience sample of 46 healthy children presenting to a private pediatric dental practice for dental treatment needs was selected. A telephone survey of the parents of children sedated with either meperidine and hydroxyzine or midazolam alone was conducted 8 and 24 hours after the administration of sedation medications. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, frequency and proportion analysis, and Fisher exact test. Forty children were sedated with meperidine and hydroxyzine, and 6 who were sedated with midazolam. In both groups, 50% of the children slept in the car on the way home. Three children in the meperidine and hydroxyzine group vomited in the car. A significantly larger proportion of children in the meperidine and hydroxyzine group experienced prolonged sleep at home (P = .015). More children in the midazolam group exhibited irritability in the first 8 hours (P = .07). There were no statistical differences between the 2 groups with respect to incidence of pain, fever, vomiting, sleeping in the car, snoring, and difficulty in waking up. The lingering effects of orally administered sedation medications can lead to prolonged sleep, irritability, and vomiting in children after they have been discharged from the dental clinic. Most of these events occurred within the first 8 hours, but in some children the effects were seen up to 24 hours later.
Propofol Drip Infusion Anesthesia for MRI Scanning: Two Case Reports
Authors: Sasao-Takano Mami , Misumi Kan , Suzuki Masayuki , Kamiya Yoko , Noguchi Izumi , Kawahara Hiroshi
Published: June 2013

The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) room is a special environment. The required intense magnetic fields create unique problems with the use of standard anesthesia machines, syringe pumps, and physiologic monitors. We have recently experienced 2 oral maxillofacial surgery cases requiring MRI: a 15-year-old boy with developmental disability and a healthy 5-year-old boy. The patients required complete immobilization during the scanning for obtaining high-quality images for the best diagnosis. Anesthesia was started in the MRI scanning room. An endotracheal intubation was performed after induction with intravenous administration of muscle relaxant. Total intravenous anesthesia via propofol drip infusion (4–7 mg/kg/h) was used during the scanning. Standard physiologic monitors were used during scan pauses, but special monitors were used during scanning. In MRI scanning for oral maxillofacial surgery, general anesthesia, with the added advantage of having a secured airway, is recommended as a safe alternative to sedation especially in cases of patients with disability and precooperative chidren.
Antithrombotic Drugs: Pharmacology and Implications for Dental Practice
Authors: Becker Daniel E.
Published: June 2013

Appropriate preoperative assessment of the dental patient should always include an analysis of the patient's medications. This article reviews the actions and indications for the various categories of antithrombotic medications and considers actual risks for postoperative bleeding and potential interactions with drugs the dental provider might administer or prescribe.
The current invasion status of Anodonta woodiana (Lea, 1934) in Poland — study of habitat parameters
Authors: Andrzejewski Wojciech , Urbańska Maria , Mazurkiewicz Jan , Gierszal Henryk , Golski Janusz
Published: June 2013

The study of fish ponds have confirmed the presence of nine new locations of Anodonta woodiana in Poland, with strong and vital populations. These are examples of Chinese pond mussels accidentally introduced along with fish imports. Comparison of known localities shows that more mussels are in eastern Poland, from which the migration path of A. woodiana progresses. Most often mussels settle in larger water reservoirs with elongated shapes. Older and longer mussels occur in deeper fish ponds. Moreover, the further south the location, the higher biomass can be obtained.

The average age of mussels in a fish pond depends on its bed type and depth; however the latter has less influence. New locations of this species are also to be expected due to deliberate introduction; cases of resettlement of individual specimens of the Chinese pond mussel to new locations have been recorded.
Dynamics of the phytoplankton community in mesotrophic Lake Borówno
Authors: Wiśniewska Marzenna , Paczuska Bogna
Published: June 2013

The phytoplankton in Lake Borówno has never been included in phycological studies. The objective of our research was qualitative and quantitative analysis with reference to physicochemical parameters. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytoplankton assemblages were performed in 2004 and 2009. A total of 117 taxa were identified in Lake Borówno: Cyanoprocaryota — 35, Cryptophyta — 2, Euglenophyta — 1, Pyrophyta — 3, Chrysophyceae — 4, Bacillariophyceae — 25, Chlorophyta — 47. The bottom of the shallow water was covered with meadows of Charophyceae, with the dominant species Chara vulgaris L.

Biomass of the phytoplankton varied from 1.23 mg dm−3 in April to 5.74 mg dm−3 in August 2009. Ceratium hirundinella (O.F.Müller) Bergh was the dominant taxon during the whole season, but during summer another co-dominant taxon, Microcystis aeruginosa (Kütz.)Kütz., occurred.

The quality parameters, phytoplankton biomass, chlorophyll-a concentration and TSI indicate the mesotrophic character of the lake. The blue-green algae blooms, which are the major problem for preserving the good conditions of water in lakes, were not observed either in 2004 or 2009.
The propagation of a surge front on Bering Glacier, Alaska, 2001–2011
Authors: Turrin James , Forster Richard R. , Larsen Chris , Sauber Jeanne
Published: June 2013

Bering Glacier, Alaska, USA, has a ∼20 year surge cycle, with its most recent surge reaching the terminus in 2011. To study this most recent activity a time series of ice velocity maps was produced by applying optical feature-tracking methods to Landsat-7 ETM+ imagery spanning 2001-11. The velocity maps show a yearly increase in ice surface velocity associated with the down-glacier movement of a surge front. In 2008/09 the maximum ice surface velocity was 1.5 ±0.017 km a-1 in the mid-ablation zone, which decreased to 1.2 ±0.015 km a-1 in 2009/10 in the lower ablation zone, and then increased to nearly 4.4 ± 0.03 km a-1 in summer 2011 when the surge front reached the glacier terminus. The surge front propagated down-glacier as a kinematic wave at an average rate of 4.4 ±2.0 km a-1 between September 2002 and April 2009, then accelerated to 13.9 ± 2.0 km a-1 as it entered the piedmont lobe between April 2009 and September 2010. The wave seems to have initiated near the confluence of Bering Glacier and Bagley Ice Valley as early as 2001, and the surge was triggered in 2008 further down-glacier in the mid-ablation zone after the wave passed an ice reservoir area.
An ice-core pollen record showing vegetation response to Late-glacial and Holocene climate changes at Nevado Sajama, Bolivia
Authors: Reese C.A. , Liu K.B. , Thompson L.G.
Published: June 2013

We present the results of pollen analysis performed on an ice core recovered from Nevado Sajama, Bolivia, dated to 25 ka BP. Low pollen concentrations from 25 to 15 ka BP are consistent with the scenario of an expanded ice cap surrounded by sparse vegetation and cold conditions on the Altiplano during the Last Glacial Maximum. After 15 ka BP, more pollen is present and percentages show vegetation response to climate fluctuations during the late Pleistocene. Initially, high concentrations of Poaceae pollen are replaced by Asteraceae pollen, suggesting the occurrence of dry conditions towards the end of the Bølling–Allerød/Guantiva interstadial. A deglacial climatic reversal is registered in the pollen record by an abrupt decline in Asteraceae and maximum percentages of Poaceae, indicating wet conditions during 14–12 ka BP. The climate changed abruptly to warm and dry after 12 ka BP, but vegetation remained in disequilibrium with climate until 10 ka BP. Pollen results indicate dry conditions at the beginning of the Holocene, with humidity increasing steadily until 8.5 ka BP. Decreased pollen concentration values (used as a moisture availability proxy) place the mid-Holocene dry period between 8 and 5 ka BP. This was followed by wetter conditions to the present day.
The morphology of supraglacial lake ogives
Authors: Darnell K.N. , Amundson J.M. , Cathles L.M. , MacAyeal D.R.
Published: June 2013

Supraglacial lakes on grounded regions of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets sometimes produce ‘lake ogives’ or banded structures that sweep downstream from the lakes. Using a variety of remote-sensing data, we demonstrate that lake ogives originate from supraglacial lakes that form each year in the same bedrock-fixed location near the equilibrium-line altitude. As the ice flows underneath one of these lakes, an ‘image’ of the lake is imprinted on the ice surface both by summer-season ablation and by superimposed ice (lake ice) formation. Ogives associated with a lake are sequenced in time, with the downstream ogives being the oldest, and with spatial separation equal to the local annual ice displacement. In addition, lake ogives can have decimeter- to meter-scale topographic relief, much like wave ogives that form below icefalls on alpine glaciers. Our observations highlight the fact that lake ogives, and other related surface features, are a consequence of hydrological processes in a bedrock-fixed reference frame. These features should arise naturally from physically based thermodynamic models of supraglacial water transport, and thus they may serve as fiducial features that help to test the performance of such models.
Ice cascade growth and decay: a thermodynamic approach
Authors: Gauthier F. , Montagnat M. , Weiss J. , Allard M. , Hétu B.
Published: June 2013

The ice volume evolution of a frozen waterfall (or ice cascade) was studied using a thermodynamic model. The model was developed from meteorological data collected in the vicinity of the waterfall and validated from ice volume measurements estimated from terrestrial lidar images. The ice cascade forms over a 45 m high rock wall located in northern Gaspésie, Québec, Canada. Two stages of formation were identified. During the first stage, the growth is mainly controlled by air convection around the flowing and free-falling water. The ice cascade growth rate increases with decreasing air temperature below 0°C and when the water flow reaches its lowest level. During the second stage, the ice cascade covers the entire rock-wall surface, water flow is isolated from the outside environment and ice volume increases asymptotically. Heat is evacuated from the water flow through the ice cover by conduction. The growth is controlled mainly by the conductive heat loss through the ice cover but also by the longwave radiation emitted at the ice surface during the night. In spring, melting of the ice cascade is dependent on the air convection over the ice surface but also on the sensible heat carried by the increasing water flow and the solar radiation received during the day.
On the Use of Information Theory to Quantify Parameter Uncertainty in Groundwater Modeling
Authors: Noronha Alston , Lee Jejung
Published: June 2013

We applied information theory to quantify parameter uncertainty in a groundwater flow model. A number of parameters in groundwater modeling are often used with lack of knowledge of site conditions due to heterogeneity of hydrogeologic properties and limited access to complex geologic structures. The present Information Theory-based (ITb) approach is to adopt entropy as a measure of uncertainty at the most probable state of hydrogeologic conditions. The most probable conditions are those at which the groundwater model is optimized with respect to the uncertain parameters. An analytical solution to estimate parameter uncertainty is derived by maximizing the entropy subject to constraints imposed by observation data. MODFLOW-2000 is implemented to simulate the groundwater system and to optimize the unknown parameters. The ITb approach is demonstrated with a three-dimensional synthetic model application and a case study of the Kansas City Plant. Hydraulic heads are the observations and hydraulic conductivities are assumed to be the unknown parameters. The applications show that ITb is capable of identifying which inputs of a groundwater model are the most uncertain and what statistical information can be used for site exploration.
Influence of Rural Non-Smoking Adolescents’ Sense of Coherence and Exposure to Household Smoking on Their Commitment to a Smoke-Free Lifestyle
Authors: Ayo-Yusuf Olalekan , Rantao Masego
Published: June 2013

This 18-month longitudinal study examined the influence of adolescents’ sense of coherence (SOC) and exposure to household smoking on their commitment to a smoke-free lifestyle. This study investigated a representative sample of 8th graders from 21 randomly selected high schools in the rural Limpopo Province of South Africa (n = 2,119). Of the total sample of 2,119 participants, 294 (14%) reported smoking at baseline and were therefore excluded from further analysis. Of those who did not smoke at baseline, 98.1% (n = 1,767) reported no intention of smoking in the upcoming 12 months. Of those who completed follow-up and had no intention of smoking at baseline (n = 1,316), 89.1% still did not smoke and remained committed to being smoke-free. Having a lower SOC, reporting alcohol binge-drinking at baseline, and having a household member who regularly smokes indoors (OR = 0.46: 0.26–0.82), as compared to not having any smoker in the household, were associated with lower odds of honoring a commitment to a smoke-free lifestyle. Furthermore, those who identified themselves as black Africans, as opposed to belonging to other race groups, were more likely to maintain a smoke-free lifestyle. Our findings suggest that interventions to prevent adolescent smoking should prioritize stress-coping skills and promote smoke-free homes.
Molecular Formula Identification with SIRIUS
Authors: Dührkop Kai , Scheubert Kerstin , Böcker Sebastian
Published: June 2013

We present results of the SIRIUS2 submission to the 2012 CASMI contest. Only results for Category 1 (molecular formula identification) were submitted. The SIRIUS method and the parameters used are briefly described, followed by detailed analysis of the results and a discussion of cases where SIRIUS2 was unable to come up with the correct molecular formula. SIRIUS2 returns consistently high quality results, with the exception of fragmentation pattern analysis of time-of-flight data. We then discuss possibilities for further improving SIRIUS2 in the future.
La lutte contre l'épidémie: un point de vue personnel
Authors: Lin Meng
Published: June 2013

Dans ce témoignage, Meng Lin, une personne vivant avec le VIH/ SIDA (PvVIH) et également un activiste engagé dans la lutte contre l’épidémie, expose son point du vue sur la situation actuelle d’un point de vue à la fois personnel et professionnel. Il est en effet le fondateur et responsable de l’association Ark of Love qui a pour objectif d’informer et d’aider les PvVIH à s’organiser et à établir leurs propres structures d’entre-aide et de défense de leurs droits.
L’engagement des personnes vivant avec le VIH/SIDA dans la lutte contre l’épidémie en Chine
Authors: Gnep Yuvany
Published: June 2013

Cet article analyse l’émergence de nouvelles formes de mobilisation sociale contre le VIH/ SIDA en Chine, dans le cadre des changements récents de la politique de santé publique gouvernementale. Le contexte actuel d’engagement des autorités centrales chinoises et d’ouverture à l’influence du secteur de l’aide internationale encourage depuis peu les personnes vivant avec le VIH/ SIDA (PvVIH) à participer au processus de prise en charge et de lutte contre l’épidémie. Les impératifs de développement participatif et l’histoire du militantisme anti-SIDA qui relèvent d’une dynamique globale font intervenir une revendication démocratique que les PvVIH chinoises se réapproprient en l’adaptant à leur cause et au contexte autoritaire qui limite leur action, ou censure leur discours. Il s’agira de rappeler le contexte d’émergence de cette revendication et de mettre en lumière quelques modalités de son expression à travers l’exemple du processus de représentation des PvVIH au Fonds mondial de lutte contre le VIH/ SIDA en Chine.
Politique et enjeux culturels du préservatif en Chine à l’ère du SIDA
Authors: Zheng Tiantian
Published: June 2013

En analysant le débat animé entre l’État chinois d’une part et l’alliance formée par les «réalistes » de la santé et les fabricants de préservatifs de l’autre, cet article cherche à montrer que, si l’État ne joue pas un rôle dynamique dans la promotion du préservatif, les campagnes publicitaires pour convaincre et donner les moyens à la population de se protéger efficacement contre le virus du SIDA ne produiront pas l’effet escompté. L’attitude de l’État chinois vis-à-vis de ce moyen de prévention entrave la lutte contre l’épidémie.