bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serpina3c Deficiency Promotes Obesity-related Hypertriglyceridemia and Inflammation through Activation of the Hif1α-glycolysis Axis in Adipose Tissue
Authors: Guo Jiaqi , Ji Zhenjun , Jiang Yu , Wu Ya , Wang Shaofan , Zheng Peng , Yang Mengchen , Li Yongjun , Ma Genshan , Yao Yuyu
Published: December 2024

Adipose tissue dysfunction leads to abnormal lipid metabolism and high inflammation levels. This research aims to explore the role of Serpina3c, which is highly expressed in adipocytes, in obesity-related hypertriglyceridemia and metaflammation. Serpina3c global knockout (KO) mice, adipocyte-specific Serpina3c overexpressing mice, Serpina3c knockdown (KD) mice, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (Hif1α) KD mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks to generate obesity-related hypertriglyceridemia mice models. In the present study, Serpina3c KO mice and adipocyte-specific Serpina3c KD mice exhibited more severe obesity-related hypertriglyceridemia and metaflammation under HFD conditions. Serpina3c KO epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) primary stromal vascular fraction (SVF)-derived adipocytes exhibited higher lipid (triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid) levels and higher fatty acid synthase expression after palmitic acid stimulation. Adipocyte-specific Serpina3c overexpression in KO mice prevented the KO group phenotype. The RNA-seq and in vitro validation revealed that Hif1α and the glycolysis pathways were upregulated in Serpina3c KD adipocytes, which were all validated by in vitro and in vivo reverse experiments. Co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) provided evidence that Serpina3c bound nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) to regulate Hif1α. Nrf2 KD reduced Hif1α and Fasn expression, decreased lipid content, and reduced the extracellular acidification rate in Serpina3c KO adipocytes. Metabolomics revealed that lactic acid (LD) levels in eWAT were responsible for adipose-associated macrophage inflammation. In summary, Serpina3c inhibits the Hif1α-glycolysis pathway and reduces de novo lipogenesis and LD secretion in adipocytes by binding to Nrf2, thereby improving HFD-induced lipid metabolism disorders and alleviating adipose tissue macrophage inflammation.
A New Method for Measuring Higgs Mass
Authors: Berger Thomas , Tian Junping
Published: December 2024

The Higgs mass as one of the fundamental parameters in the Standard Model has been already measured with a precision of 110 MeV with the data collected so far at the LHC. However in some cases of looking for small deviations from the SM, current precision or projection of the Higgs mass measurement at the LHC or HL-LHC may not be enough. One prominent exam-ple is for the SM prediction of the Higgs partial decay width H → WW* or H → ZZ*, in which the Higgs mass uncertainty becomes one of the leading sources of parametric theory error. It is expected that at future e+e- colliders the Higgs mass precision can be significantly improved by the “recoil mass method”, at least statistically. This research proposes a new method which may complement to the recoil mass method in terms of systematic errors. The new method employs the signal channel of Higgs decaying to a pair of fermions, in particular τ leptons, or 2 quarks bb¯ and makes use of transverse momentum conservations alone instead of the 4-momentum conservation in the recoil mass method. The key experimental observables will be the momentum directions of tau leptons or b-jets without any input from energy measurement, and the momentum directions can possibly be measured by reconstructing the decaying vertex of the tau leptons or B-hadrons. This new method can in principle be applied at lepton colliders and the LHC as well. This method is studied by performing realistic detector simulation and physics analysis with the ILC frameworks based on the ILD. In the case of H → bb¯ without any background the statistical precision is found to be comparable to the expectation by recoil mass method, thus potentially very useful. The H → τ−τ+ channel is rather statistically limited and worth of further investigations.
New renormalization scheme in extended Higgs sectors for Higgs precision measurements
Authors: Kanemura Shinya , Kikuchi Mariko , Yagyu Kei
Published: December 2024

We discuss a new renormalization scheme for mixing angles in extended Higgs sectors for the coming era of the Higgs precise measurements at future lepton colliders. We focus on the two Higgs doublet models (2HDMs) with a softly-broken Z2 symmetry as a simple and important example, in which two mixing angles α and β appear in the Higgs sector. In this new scheme, the counterterms for two mixing angles δα and δβ are determined by requiring that deviations in the decay rates of h → ZZ* → Zℓ+ℓ− and h → ττ from the corresponding predictions in the standard model at NLO are given by the square of the scaling factor at tree level. We show how this scheme works in the 2HDMs, and demonstrate how the other decay rates (e.g., h → WW*, h → bb¯, etc.) are predicted at NLO.
Higgs Production at µ+µ+ Colliders. Based on hep-ph/2408.01068 [1]
Authors: Treuer Lukas
Published: December 2024

Motivated by recent advancements in antimuon cooling, we consider Higgs boson production at µ+µ+ colliders. The leading-order W+W− fusion process present at, e.g., µ+µ− colliders does not occur since both intial-state particles carry the same charge. Nevertheless, Higgs production is possible via a higher-order process mediated by a photon or Z boson. We find that at high energies, the associated cross secction grows as (log s)3 with the center-of-mass energy √s, as opposed to the log s growth of the leading-order process at µ+µ− colliders. Thus, the higher-order cross section with polarized beams can become about half as large as the leading-order process at µ+µ− colliders at O(10) TeV energies, despite its naive suppression. When calculating the higher-order cross section, collinear photon emissions make direct computations using event generators difficult. We therefore treat these emissions by splitting the phase-space into the sum of a non-collinear region calculable using event generators, and a collinear region approximated by a parton distribution function for the photon. Furthermore, since the same process can occur at any high-energy lepton collider, this large cross section needs to be considered also for Higgs production at µ+µ− and e+e− colliders.
New collider implications on a strongly first order EWPT*
Authors: Florentino Ricardo R. , Kanemura Shinya , Tanaka Masanori
Published: December 2024

In order to understand the early history of the universe, and to test baryogenesis models, determining the nature of the electroweak phase transition is imperative. The order and strength of this transition is strongly correlated to relatively large deviations in the hhh coupling. In models where a considerable part of the hhh coupling deviation is caused by charged particle loops, the hγγ coupling is also expected to deviate considerably. In this talk, by using a model-independent approach, I explain how to obtain conditions that are sufficient for a strongly first order phase transition. After the hγγ coupling is determined with precision at the HL-LHC, these conditions can be tested at Future Linear Colliders by measurements of the hhh coupling, to conclusively determine the nature of the electroweak phase transition and the viability of electroweak baryogenesis on models with new charged scalars.
Collider tests of nanohertz gravitational waves
Authors: Li Shao-Ping
Published: December 2024

Recently, compelling evidence of nanohertz gravitational waves is indicated by the pulsar timing array collaborations. We present an MeV-scale first-order phase transition from a minimal dark sector to explain the gravitational waves, with a focus on the collider tests via the Higgs portal interaction. We demonstrate that to explain the observed gravitational waves, the Higgs portal coupling should be so sizable that it can be probed through Higgs invisible decay at the LHC and future colliders such as HL-LHC, CEPC, ILC, and FCC-ee. It opens up a promising avenue to uncover the physical origin of the nanohertz gravitational waves via colliders and to hear and see the minimal dark sector.
Curcumin: Epigenetic Modulation and Tumor Immunity in Antitumor Therapy
Authors: wan xin , Wang Dong
Published: December 2024

Curcumin is the main ingredient of the Chinese herbal turmeric rhizome, used to treat tumors, diabetes, inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and liver diseases. The antitumor effects of curcumin have received even more attention. One of the main mechanisms of antitumor effects includes inhibition of tumor invasion and migration, induction of tumor cell apoptosis, and inhibition of various cell signaling pathways. It has been found that the antitumor biological activity of curcumin in the body is associated with epigenetic mechanisms. That also implies that curcumin may act as a potential epigenetic modulator to influence the development of tumor diseases. The immune system plays an essential role in the development of tumorigenesis. Tumor immunotherapy is currently one of the most promising research directions in the field of tumor therapy. Curcumin has been found to have significant regulatory effects on tumor immunity and is expected to be a novel adjuvant for tumor immunity. This paper summarizes the antitumor effects of curcumin from four aspects: molecular and epigenetic mechanisms of curcumin against a tumor, mechanisms of curcumin modulation of tumor immunotherapy, reversal of chemotherapy resistance, and novel drug delivery system of curcumin, which provide new directions for the development of new antitumor drugs.
Efficient Synthesis of the 6-Deoxy-l-talose-Containing Penta­saccharide Corresponding to the Cell Wall O-Polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O66
Authors: Misra Anup Kumar , Bag Puja , Sahaji Samim
Published: December 2024

The pentasaccharide repeating unit containing 6-deoxy-l-talose corresponding to the cell wall O-polysaccharide of Escherichia coli (E. coli) O66 strain has been successfully synthesized in very good yield using sequential glycosylations of judiciously functionalized monosaccharide intermediates. Incorporation of the β-d-mannosidic linkage and 6-deoxy-α-l-talose in the pentasaccharide was achieved in excellent yield.
Predictive Accuracy of Wideband Absorbance under Various Pressure Conditions in Identifying Infants with a Conductive Hearing Loss
Authors: Aithal Sreedevi , Aithal Venkatesh , Kei Joseph , Wilson Matthew
Published: December 2024

Objective The objectives of the study were to (i) evaluate the effectiveness of wideband absorbance (WBA) at ambient pressure (WBAamb), tympanic peak pressure (WBATPP), and 0 daPa (WBA0) to identify conductive hearing loss (CHL) in infants and (ii) compare the sensitivity and specificity of the three WBA tests with that of high-frequency tympanometry (HFT) and transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE).

Method A total of 31 ears with hearing thresholds no greater than 20 dB HL (reference group from 20 infants [mean age: 3.1 weeks]) and 47 ears with CHL from 31 infants (mean age: 3.4 weeks) were included in the study. Hearing threshold was determined using air-conduction tone-burst auditory brainstem response (TB-ABR) test, whereas CHL was determined using both air- and bone-conduction TB-ABR tests. HFT with a 1000-Hz probe tone, TEOAE, and WBA tests were conducted on all participants.

Results WBAamb, WBATPP, and WBA0 of the CHL group were significantly lower than that of the reference group across a wide frequency range. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (AROC) curve for detecting CHL varied from 0.51 to 0.9 depending on the frequency. The highest AROC was obtained at 1.25 kHz for WBAamb (0.79), at 1.5 kHz for WBATPP (0.9) and at 1 kHz for WBA0 (0.80). The sensitivity and specificity were 0.98 and 0.45, respectively for HFT, and 1.0 and 0.6, respectively for TEOAE. In comparison, the WBA test had slightly lower sensitivity but higher specificity than the HFT and TEOAE tests.

Conclusion WBATPP at 1.5 kHz can identify CHL in infants as good as, if not more accurately than, WBAamb or WBA0. WBATPP test had good balance of high sensitivity and specificity compared with HFT and TEOAE. The three WBA tests are useful tools for identifying CHL in infants under 6 weeks of age.
Evaluation of Benign and Malignant Cervical Lymphadenopathy: A Comparative Study of Shear Wave Elastography and Grayscale Ultrasound
Authors: Gaurav Gaurav , Bano Shahina , Gupta Prajwala
Published: December 2024

Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate role of shear wave elastography (SWE) using a novel methodology for differentiation of benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes.

Methods SWE was performed on 38 patients who presented with cervical lymph adenopathy. Color-coded elasticity maps were obtained, from which the stiffest region of interest (ROI) with a diameter of 2 mm was chosen. Maximum and mean Young's modulus values (Kpa) were calculated in selected 2-mm ROI. Finally, the results were correlated with the fine needle aspiration cytology findings in all patients to assess the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity at a defined cutoff value for distinguishing between benign and malignant lymphadenopathies.

Results There were 20 malignant cervical lymph nodes and 18 benign cervical lymph nodes. Malignant nodes showed significantly higher mean Young's modulus value (154.2 ± 46.19 kPa) compared with benign nodes (70.39 ± 30.76 kPa), with a p-value of less than 0.0001. Our findings indicate that the mean Young modulus value within a standardized 2-mm ROI outperformed grayscale ultrasound in terms of diagnostic accuracy (92.1 vs. 78.9%), sensitivity (100 vs. 80%), and specificity (83.3 vs. 77.7%), with the established cutoff values for high diagnostic accuracy indicating malignancy as greater than 92 for mean Young's modulus with an area under the curve of 0.964.

Conclusion SWE using a standardized 2-mm ROI provides improved sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy for differentiation of benign and malignant lymph node lesions.
Recurrent Thromboembolism in Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease: Cumulative Incidence and Prognostic Factors
Authors: Kiskaddon Amy L. , Giglia Therese M. , Betensky Marisol , Do Nhue L. , Witt Daniel M. , Stock Arabela C. , Amankwah Ernest K. , Fierstein Jamie L. , Ashour Dina , Ignjatovic Vera , Quintessenza James A. , Goldenberg Neil A.
Published: December 2024

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a risk factor for thromboembolism (TE). Data describing the rate of, and risk factors associated with, recurrent TE in children with CHD are limited. We prospectively evaluated TE recurrence risk in children with CHD and acute TE and investigated clinical risk factors associated with recurrent TE. Patients < 21 years of age with CHD and acute TE were enrolled in a single-institutional prospective inception cohort study (July 2013–April 2024). Descriptive statistics summarized variables including CHD and thrombus characteristics, antithrombotic regimens, bleeding, and recurrent TE. Multivariable logistic regression determined risk factors for recurrent TE. Among 40 children with CHD and acute TE, 13 (33%) developed ≥ 1 recurrent TE (arterial n = 1 [6%], venous n = 15 [83%], venous + arterial n = 2 [11%]) at a median time of 86 (interquartile range, 45–112) days postdiagnosis of the index TE. One-year cumulative incidence of recurrent TE was 38%. Twelve (67%) recurrent TE events were central venous catheter (CVC)-related. In univariable analyses, immobility (46% vs. 7%, p = 0.01), the presence of a CVC (69% vs. 30%, p = 0.02), and lower extremity index venous TE (89% vs. 41%, p = 0.04) were associated with TE recurrence. After adjustment for other potential risk factors via multivariable logistic regression, immobility (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 13.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16–151.3, p = 0.04) and the presence of a CVC (adjusted OR 5.28, 95% CI 1.03–27.1, p = 0.05) remained as independent risk factors for recurrent TE. The 1-year risk of TE recurrence was high among pediatric patients with CHD and acute TE. Immobility and the presence of CVC were independent risk factors for recurrent TE. Multicenter prospective cohort studies are warranted to substantiate and expand upon these important findings.
Nutrient colimitation is a quantitative, dynamic property of microbial populations
Authors: Held Noelle A. , Krishna Aswin , Crippa Donat , Battaje Rachana Rao , Devaux Alexander J. , Dragan Anastasia , Manhart Michael
Published: December 2024

Resource availability dictates how fast and how much microbial populations grow. Quantifying the relationship between microbial growth and resource concentrations makes it possible to promote, inhibit, and predict microbial activity. Microbes require many resources, including macronutrients (e.g., carbon and nitrogen), micronutrients (e.g., metals), and complex nutrients like vitamins and amino acids. When multiple resources are scarce, as frequently occurs in nature, microbes may experience resource colimitation in which more than one resource simultaneously limits growth. Despite growing evidence for colimitation, the data are difficult to interpret and compare due to a lack of quantitative measures of colimitation and systematic tests of resource conditions. We hypothesize that microbes experience a continuum of nutrient limitation states and that nutrient colimitation is common in the laboratory and in nature. To address this, we develop a quantitative theory of resource colimitation that captures the range of possible limitation states and describes how they can change dynamically with resource conditions. We apply this approach to clonal populations of
Escherichia coli
to show that colimitation occurs in common laboratory conditions. We also show that growth rate and growth yield are colimited differently, reflecting the different underlying biology of these traits. Finally, we analyze environmental data to provide intuition for the continuum of limitation and colimitation conditions in nature. Altogether our results provide a quantitative framework for understanding and quantifying colimitation of microbes in biogeochemical, biotechnology, and human health contexts.
Engineering bacteria for cancer immunotherapy by inhibiting IDO activity and reprogramming CD8+ T cell response
Authors: Wang Heng , Xu Fang , Yao Chenlu , Dai Huaxing , Xu Jialu , Wu Bingbing , Tian Bo , Shi Xiaolin , Wang Chao
Published: December 2024

Inhibiting indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) for anticancer therapy has garnered significant attention in recent years. However, current IDO inhibitors face significant challenges which limit their clinical application. Here, we genetically engineered a high tryptophan-expressing
Clostridium butyricum
(L-Trp CB) strain that can colonize tumors strictly following systemic administration. We revealed that butyrate produced by L-Trp CB can inhibit IDO activity, preventing tryptophan catabolism and kynurenine accumulation in tumors. In addition, the large released tryptophan by L-Trp CB can provide discrete signals that support CD8+ T cell activation and energy metabolism within the tumor microenvironment. We observed that L-Trp CB significantly restored the proportion and function of CD8+ T cells, leading to significantly delayed tumor growth in both mouse and rabbit multiple tumor models with limited side effects. We here provide a synthetic biology treatment strategy for enhanced tumor immunotherapy by inhibiting IDO activity and reprogramming CD8+ T cell response in tumors.
A minimal complex of KHNYN and zinc-finger antiviral protein binds and degrades single-stranded RNA
Authors: Yeoh Zoe C. , Meagher Jennifer L. , Kang Chia-Yu , Bieniasz Paul D. , Smith Janet L. , Ohi Melanie D.
Published: December 2024

Detecting viral infection is a key role of the innate immune system. The genomes of some RNA viruses have a high CpG dinucleotide content relative to most vertebrate cell RNAs, making CpGs a molecular marker of infection. The human zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP) recognizes CpG, mediates clearance of the foreign CpG-rich RNA, and causes attenuation of CpG-rich RNA viruses. While ZAP binds RNA, it lacks enzymatic activity that might be responsible for RNA degradation and thus requires interacting cofactors for its function. One of these cofactors, KHNYN, has a predicted nuclease domain. Using biochemical approaches, we found that the KHNYN NYN domain is a single-stranded RNA ribonuclease that does not have sequence specificity and digests RNA with or without CpG dinucleotides equivalently in vitro. We show that unlike most KH domains, the KHNYN KH domain does not bind RNA. Indeed, a crystal structure of the KH region revealed a double-KH domain with a negatively charged surface that accounts for the lack of RNA binding. Rather, the KHNYN C-terminal domain (CTD) interacts with the ZAP RNA-binding domain (RBD) to provide target RNA specificity. We define a minimal complex composed of the ZAP RBD and the KHNYN NYN-CTD and use a fluorescence polarization assay to propose a model for how this complex interacts with a CpG dinucleotide-containing RNA. In the context of the cell, this module would represent the minimum ZAP and KHNYN domains required for CpG-recognition and ribonuclease activity essential for attenuation of viruses with clusters of CpG dinucleotides.
A (4, 4) threshold protocol of semi-quantum secret sharing using entangled state
Authors: Li Jing , Liu Jiaming , Wang Xianmin
Published: December 2024

Quantum secret sharing (QSS) can address the increasing threat of computing power. While semi-QSS protocols alleviate participants’ reliance on quantum devices, ensuring security and lowering the participation difficulty. In this paper, we propose a semi-QSS protocol based on four quantum entangled states within a four-dimensional quantum system. It generates a four-dimensional four-quantum entangled state through a dealer, requiring full quantum capability for the dealer and only partial quantum capability for the participants. Participants perform random operations on the received qubits, and eavesdropping detection is based on these random operations. Then the dealer can choose the correct measurement basis based on the receiver’s specific operations. The security and quantum efficiency of protocol depend on the ratio of information to decoy particles inserted by the dealer. Furthermore, the security analysis shows that the protocol is resistant to common quantum attacks.
On solving and optimizing contact problems with doubly connected domains taking the nonlinear law of roughness deformation into account
Authors: Shyshkanova G , Walther A
Published: December 2024

A detailed study of the real properties of contacting bodies stimulated the development of the theory of contact problems in the direction of considering these properties. As a result, contact problems for rough surfaces were formulated. In this paper, an indentation of a doubly connected punch into an elastic rough half-space is investigated taking into account a nonlinear law of change in the deformation of the surface roughness. With a power dependence of the displacement due to the deformations of microasperity on the pressure, the main integral equation is the Hammerstein equation. Two-dimensional integral equations are transformed into one-dimensional ones using the small parameter method and the obtained expansion of the potential of the simple layer at an internal point. The potential expansion is applied to reduce the problem of indenting a non-circular annular punch into an elastic rough half-space into the similar problems for the contact domain with the circular ring form. Successive approximations are used for the solution. The role of the minimizing functional is played by the root-mean-square deviation of the normal pressure distribution arising under the punch from a certain optimal distribution. The result of the solution is shown by examples for ring contact domain.
An Intercriteria Approach to Assessing the Impact of Air Pollutants on Premature Deaths in the European Union
Authors: Traneva Velichka , Petrov Mihai , Tranev Stoyan , Todorov Venelin
Published: December 2024

Air pollution is the largest environmental health risk in Europe, with heart disease and stroke being the most common causes of premature death due to air pollution. This study estimates the health effects of exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) in terms of years of life lost (YLL) and premature mortality within the European Union over a five-year period from 2018 to 2022. The InterCriteria Approach (ICrA) is employed, utilizing data provided by the European Environment Agency. ICrA, which is based on the theories of intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) and index matrices (IMs), offers a modern interpretation of classical correlation analysis under parameter uncertainty. ICrA refrains from using the term “correlation” between criteria and instead employs the terms “positive consonance”, “negative consonance”, and “dissonance”. IFS theory, an extension of Zadeh’s fuzzy sets, handles uncertain data, while IMs digitize intuitionistic fuzzy information for ICrA application. The results highlight the primary air pollutants that significantly influence years of life lost and premature mortality, providing valuable insights for public health policies in the European Union.
Numerical Study of the Good Boussinesq Equation
Authors: Angelow Krassimir , Vucheva Veselina
Published: December 2024

In this paper we evaluate propagating wave solutions to the one-dimensional good Boussinesq Equation (BE). Two numerical methods are used to obtain a solution. The first is a conservative finite difference scheme, and the second exploits Taylor series expansions around the time variable t. The solutions are computed over nested meshes to examine the convergence of both approaches. The main tool for testing the convergence rate of all examined finite difference schemes and Taylor expansions is the Runge’s method. It is shown that for a fixed time interval the numerical methods preserve the shape of the waves after interaction and mass of the solution. The waves obtained by the two methods are compared with the exact solution. Both methods produce similar results in case of O(h
2 + τ
2) approximation order, with errors measured in L
2 and L
∞ norms which are 100 times or less than the solution maximum.
Mathematical modeling of the vortices couple dynamics in a stratified fluid
Authors: Gushchin V A , Smirnova I A
Published: December 2024

The problem of the dynamics of the vortex couple in stratified fluid is considered. The couple is two vortexes, arranged symmetrically relative to the vertical axis, but with the opposite direction of rotation, so that it begins to rise upwards. The mathematical model of a couple of vortices in a viscous stratified medium was studied. Salinity is chosen as a stratifying component, just as it can be implemented in the laboratory. The task is described by the Navier-Stokes equations in the Boussinesq approximation. To solve the problem, the SMIF method is used, of course, the finite different scheme of which has such properties as the second order of approximation on spatial variables, minimal scheme dissipation and dispersion, performance in wide range of Reynolds and Froude numbers and, most importantly, when solving wave processes are a property of monotony. The dynamics of such a couple are studied depending on its geometric sizes, the intensity of the vortexes and the depth of their initial immersion.
Normalization of Suak Ujong Kalak estuary as a flood reduction effort for Meulaboh city
Authors: Safriani Meylis , Hasdanita Fitry , Salena Inseun Yuri , Ferenindi
Published: December 2024

Meulaboh City frequently experiences flooding, with runoff flowing into the Suak Ujong Kalak Estuary, a natural outlet for the city’s drainage system. Currently, the estuary is unable to effectively accommodate the runoff, exacerbating the flood risk. This study aims to evaluate the existing condition of the Suak Ujong Kalak Estuary and propose a normalization plan to improve flood control. The research employs a descriptive-quantitative methodology, involving field surveys, data collection, and hydrological and hydraulic analyses. The hydrological analysis includes rainfall frequency analysis, chi-square testing, and rainfall intensity calculation using the Mononobe method. Flood discharge estimation is based on the Rational method for a 25-year return period. Hydraulic analysis is conducted using HEC-RAS 6.3.1 software. The results show that the estuary receives an inflow of 79.33 m3/second, which exceeds its current capacity. Hydraulic analysis reveals that the estuary cannot accommodate the discharge, causing overflow with an average height of 0.6 meters and a storage capacity of 40,798.43 m3. To address this, the study recommends a normalization effort, involving excavation with an average depth of 1 meter, to improve the estuary’s capacity and reduce flooding in Meulaboh City.
Sensitivity Analysis On Seven Approached Intersections In The City Of Banda Aceh
Authors: Dahlina  , Fadhly Noer , Anggraini Renni
Published: December 2024

The city of Banda Aceh consists of nine districts, including Ulee Kareng District, which was formed by the division of the city. One of the transportation issues in the area is frequent traffic congestion at more than four approaches. Simpang Tujuh Ulee Kareng is one such intersection that operates near capacity, rated as LOS F with a volume-to-capacity ratio > 0.85 indicating traffic stoppage. This intersection has seven approaches with 195 crossing points, 42 merging points, and 42 diverging points, making it prone to accidents and traffic jams. The objective of the study is to assess the performance and sensitivity of traffic flow, particularly its correlation with fuel consumption, using the unsignalized intersection methodology supported by the HCM 2010 method. The required data includes traffic volume, geometric, and traffic movement, which yielded an existing delay of 113.7 seconds indicating halted traffic. Sensitivity analysis showed that higher traffic flow correlates with increased fuel consumption. Based on these findings, Simpang Tujuh Ulee Kareng requires intervention. One proposed traffic management solution is the construction of roundabouts and the consolidation of intersection approach.
The Effect of Using Ureolytic Bacteria as Self-Healing Agent in Concrete on Workability, Density and Absorption
Authors: Nasytha Amathalia Laiyina , Aulia Teuku Budi , Idris Yunita
Published: December 2024

Concrete is one of the fastest growing construction materials in Indonesia. Concrete has a low tensile strength that causes concrete to crack easily. One way to overcome this is by using self-healing concrete. This concrete is able to repair small cracks. Ureolytic bacteria can be used as a medium in self-healing concrete. These bacteria undergo a CaCO3 precipitation process to produce calcite which later fills the cracks in the concrete. This research aims to determine the effect of the application of ureolytic bacteria on the workability, density, and absorption of high-strength concrete. Additionally, the study investigates the elemental composition of self-healing concrete using Bacillus sp., Solibacillus sp., and Staphylococcus sp. as the healing medium. In the study, the test specimens used were cubes measuring 5 cm × 5 cm × 5 cm. The tests carried out in this study were testing the workability, density, and absorption of concrete. In this study, ureolytic bacteria Bacillus sp., Solibacillus sp., and Staphylococcus sp. were used with variations of 0%, 0.5%, 0.6% and 0.7% by weight of fine aggregate. The lowest flow reduction value is found in the addition of Bacillus sp. 0.5% bacteria with a value of 2%. The decrease in density value in self-healing concrete is not too significant. The lowest decrease was found in concrete with the addition of Staphylococcus sp. 0.5% bacteria with a value of 0.3%. The lowest absorption value is found in the specimen without the addition of bacterial capsules, which is 2.44%. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) test results on ureolytic bacterial self-healing concrete show that there are elements of C, O, Mg, Al, Si, S, and Ca in this concrete.
Physical properties and compression index of embankment soil as construction material
Authors: Sundary Devi , Munirwansyah  , Azmeri  , Yunita Halida
Published: December 2024

Soil’s physical properties are characterized by its shape, size, color, and odor. The compression index, a key parameter of soil compressibility, is used to determine the extent of consolidation settlement. This study serves as preliminary research into alternative embankment materials for construction. The embankment soil samples were collected from ten locations in Aceh Besar district. The research aims to assess the quality of embankment soils and predict potential land subsidence, contributing to sustainable development in Aceh Province. This is particularly important because the fill soils in this area are crucial as the primary source for various development projects in Aceh Besar and Banda Aceh. The results indicate that clayey soils require careful consideration as construction materials due to their higher potential for subsidence. Conversely, silty sand or clayey soils are more suitable for construction because of their lower compressibility.
Multiscale finite element modelling of dynamic subsea power cables in bending
Authors: Smith D M , Cunningham L S , Chen L
Published: December 2024

This paper proposes a multiscale finite element modelling strategy for dynamic offshore power cables which allows for detailed analysis of individual components. The challenge of modelling the intricate power cores within the cable is addressed by considering a separate repeated unit cell (RUC) of the power core to define its stiffness, where the power cores themselves are then discretised with beam elements in the dynamic cable model. Periodic boundary conditions allowing for geometric non-linearity are employed at both the power core and dynamic cable scale. This means the model size can be reduced to the smallest possible RUC while still permitting non-linear material behaviour. The resulting model is capable of detailed stress analysis of individual components required for fatigue life estimation. The model is validated against existing experimental data showing strong agreement. The proposed multiscale approach may therefore be used to augment existing fatigue analysis methods for dynamic offshore cables where the stress state at individual wires is required.
Assessment of Geometric Accuracy of Indoor Mapping using Low-cost Spherical Panoramic Camera
Authors: Hidayat Husnul
Published: December 2024

Increasing world population multiplies the demand of living space which triggers the development of vertical settlement as the most feasible solution in major cities. Therefore the concept of 3D cadastre is now developing and mainly relies on the availability of indoor 3D data. We explore the potential of low cost spherical panoramic camera for creating 3D indoor data. This type of camera allows user to capture indoor scene into an immersive image, which provides more spatial information compared to ordinary camera. This research aims to create indoor 3D model and test the geometric accuracy of 3D positioning and measurement based on current standard of cadastral mapping in Indonesia. For the georeferencing, the ground control points were established by GPS and terrestrial surveying method. Some line segments were also measured to compare lengh measurement based on panoramic images. The results show that the best achieved accuracy has mean absolute error 0.010m, 0.020 m, and 0.022 m in X, Y, and Z direction respectively, while the mean abslute error in line segments is 0.028 m. The Root Mean Square Error of 3D positioning are 0.014 m, 0.015, and 0.004 m in X, Y, and Z direction respectively. This best accuracy corresponds to 0.031 m horizontal accuracy according to CE 90 criterion in Regulations of Head of BIG No. 15 in Year 2014. Moreover, this method allows user to generate up to 1:103th scale map according to the techinical guide of systematic land surveying and registration by Indonesian Ministry of Agrarian and Land Planning.
Hydrological Loading Variability Assessment over Java and Kalimantan from GNSS Data
Authors: Ramadhan Agustawijaya Ausa , Mutiara Anjasmara Ira , Claessens Sten
Published: December 2024

Global climate change has brought about significant shifts in water availability across various regions, Indonesia included. This study employs GNSS CORS (Continuously Operating Station) data to measure vertical displacements in land surface resulting from hydrological loading. The objective is to analyze the influence of terrestrial water storage (TWS) by isolating and eliminating surface loading sources detected in GNSS data while mitigating uncertainties, noise, and outliers. Along with the GPS data, we utilized GRACE and GLDAS NOAH precipitation data to examine both the spatial and temporal changes in vertical displacement, analyze and correlate these changes. In Kalimantan, vertical movements are generally stable but variable in coastal areas due to tidal effects. In Java, significant deformation occurs in the northern region due to extensive groundwater extraction and local tectonic activity. Stable precipitation on the northern and eastern sides of Kalimantan is corroborated by Terrestrial Water Storage (TWS) values, while in Java, high TWS values are observed near watersheds, correlating with vertical GNSS movements. The correlation between GNSS, precipitation, and TWSA substantiates the presence of seasonal hydrological loading. In Kalimantan, fewer stations have long-term temporal data, resulting in lower correlations between GNSS and TWSA. However, stations such as CRAU exhibit a correlation of −0.5083, indicating subsidence during periods of high TWS.
Ina-CORS Growth Story
Authors: Annuriah Mundakir Isnaini , Zafira Mukti Fanny , Mauradhia Andika , Fitri Wilma , Tri Wibowo Sidik
Published: December 2024

Geospatial information in Indonesia uses a single reference system, the Indonesian Geospatial Reference System 2013 (SRGI2013) to standardize spatial data and information reference. An accurate horizontal geospatial reference framework spread evenly over Indonesia is needed to make it easier for the community to use SRGI2013. One of the reference frameworks in Indonesia is the Indonesia Continuously Operating Reference Station (Ina-CORS) managed by the Geospatial Information Agency (BIG). BIG (formerly BAKOSURTANAL) started developing CORS in 1996 in 3 stations. The development has been carried out regularly almost every year since 2007. In 2024 Ina-CORS consists of 432 stations and add 41 more stations. Its field infrastructure has been updated to improve quality and service. Geospatial information system analysis of the Ina-CORS service area showed that at the end of 2024, Ina-CORS has been served rapid mapping and surveys in 81.62% of Indonesia’s urban and rural areas. The islands of Java and Bali have been completely served. The islands of Sumatra, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, and Sulawesi are almost completely served. Meanwhile, the islands of Papua and Kalimantan still have not been optimally served. Ina-CORS has RINEX data service, Real Time Kinematic (RTK) correction, online post-processing, and other services to support surveys, mapping, disaster mitigation, and other earth science research.
Development of a high-resolution ionospheric VTEC model over Nigeria using spherical harmonics with orthogonal transformation solution
Authors: Faruna Solomon O , Wijaya Dudy D , Setyadji Bambang , Utama Aditya K , Bramanto Brian , Opaluwa Yusuf D , Okoh Daniel
Published: December 2024

One important ionosphere element that impacts radio signal transmission is the Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC). Accurate estimation of VTEC is important for diverse applications such as satellite positioning, space weather forecasting, satellite communication. In regions with a sparse network of receivers, especially Nigeria, the spatial and temporal resolutions of the Global Ionospheric Maps (GIM) regularly provided by the International GNSS Service (IGS), Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE), and the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) are limited. This limits their potential to uncover local ionospheric phenomena in such areas. To address this limitation, we have developed a VTEC model for estimating high temporal-resolution VTEC and Differential Code Bias (DCB) over Nigeria using spherical harmonic expansions with an orthogonal transformation solution. Our novel method makes use of GNSS measurements from the Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) to precisely estimate VTEC and DCB. GNSS datasets in Receiver Independent EXchange (RINEX), satellite orbit (SP3) and Ionospheric Exchange (IONEX) formats from 2011 across 9 GNSS receivers in the Nigerian Geodetic Network sampled at 30-second intervals were used for this study. For this investigation, code pseudo-range observations were also smoothed using carrier phase observations. To assure data quality, we also carried out several preprocessing procedures utilizing the Melbourne-Wubbena linear and geometry-free linear combinations using an internal ITB-GNSSTEC FORTRAN application based on batch processing and least squares approaches. To validate our model, we compared the estimates with the IGS, CODE, and IRI-2020 models. Results demonstrated strong agreement with the other models with a standard deviation between 2.80 and 6.50 TECU and a correlation coefficient of not less than 0.92 at the evaluation stations. Notably, the new model aligned more closely with CODE and IGS than the IRI model. Also, the new model enabled the detection of local ionospheric VTEC post-sunset enhancement missed by GIM models. Our model also showed a strong positive correlation with the other models for quiet and disturbed days of geomagnetic activity. In Conclusively, this research has developed a high-resolution VTEC method for areas with sparse distribution of GNSS receivers, achieving a temporal resolution of 10 minutes. The ionospheric modeling in areas like Nigeria with sparse GNSS networks has greatly benefited from this research. The approach improves the precision of GNSS-based applications, such as location and navigation, by precisely calculating VTEC and DCBs. It also addresses the issue of sparse observational data in equatorial regions, offering insightful information for atmospheric and geodetic research.
Preliminary Investigation on Local Solid Earth Tides Variations in Sumatra Island Using Ina-CORS GNSS Network
Authors: Rusdiana Achmad , Meilano Irwan , Raharja Rio , Azhar Deaudin Kurniawan Fadillah
Published: December 2024

Solid earth tides refer to the periodic motion of the Earth’s crust caused by the gravitational forces of the Sun and Moon. In precise geodetic measurements, solid earth tides are a critical source of error that must be mitigated to achieve high accuracy. This study aims to observe variations in local solid earth tides during two significant time periods: when the Earth is at its closest point to the Sun (Perihelion) and at its farthest point (Aphelion). We used multi-day Kinematic Precise Point Positioning (KPPP) to process kinematic data, effectively eliminating discontinuities at day boundaries. Additionally, harmonic analysis with the least squares method was applied to extract tidal generation coefficients in three directions of motion. These coefficients were then compared with theoretical models of solid earth tides, focusing primarily on the largest tidal generation coefficients for amplitude and phase values to identify local variations. Our findings reveal that the lunar semidiurnal coefficient (M2) is the primary tide generator, exhibiting the highest energy percentage. Furthermore, during the Aphelion and Perihelion periods, our results showed no significant differences in tidal ranges at a 95 percent confidence level, indicating that the Sun’s influence on these tidal variations is minimal. Additionally, we compared the differences between observed M2 coefficients, and the theoretical model provided by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) and found discrepancies that led to large tidal residuals, suggesting that local factors, such as geological features, are not fully captured by global models. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into understanding local solid earth tides on Sumatra Island.
Flood Inundation Distribution In Lamongan Regency Using Sentinel-1 SAR Data And Automatic Water-S1 Method
Authors: Azizah Luthfia , Bioresita Filsa , Rizqika Ayu Karina
Published: December 2024

The study of SAR data in mapping distribution flood inundation has yielded relevant results. The ease of obtaining data has made development application of Sentinel-1 SAR, for flood mapping. A common method used in flood mapping is thresholding, mainly by determining the threshold generated through visual observation that presented color contrast histograms. However, surface conditions of surrounding terrain can create misinformation due to increased surface roughness, like double bounce on vegetation make it more challenging. Moreover, manual threshold methods are less-time effective in trial error process from visual image interpretation. The results tend to be subjective because distribution mapping heavily relies on the operator’s visual interpretation of threshold value. To address this challenge, distribution of flood inundation will be mapped with an automatic threshold method, called Water-S1 and expected to provide more objective results. The images divided into tiles with 10 km size, each selected tiles will be modeled with data probability parameters. Distribution modeling then iterated get probability model distribution that represents each selected tile. The result is probability map of the water surface during and after flood, then subtracts to get the distribution area of flood inundation. In this research the method was applied to Lamongan Regency. The result show that the method can identify flood inundation quite satisfactory. The spatial distribution of flood inundation are detected clustered in paddy fields center of Lamongan Regency with flood area around 19,680.75 hectares.
Detection of Laterite Nickel Layer Distribution Based on Correlation of Multispectral Remote Sensing and Magnetic Satellite Data in North Konawe Region, Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Saskia Puspitasari Alia , Ridki Permana Nanda , Gunawan Belista , Alvita Primastika Ayu
Published: December 2024

The demand for nickel continues to rise as an essential raw material to produce stainless steel and other metal alloys. Nickel deposits are abundant in Sulawesi Island due to their close association with tectonic plate movements. Therefore, this research aims to detect the distribution of laterite nickel based on the correlation of multispectral remote sensing and magnetic satellite methods in area X, North Konawe, Southeast Sulawesi. The remote sensing analysis utilized Landsat 8 with the combination of 6/5 band ratio to identify iron (Fe) and a 4/7 band ratio to detect quartz-bearing layers. Meanwhile, magnetic satellite data was obtained from The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration website with a total of 314 data. Based on the research results, there is a correlation between the two methods and geological mapping data where the iron (Fe) content in the limonite zone is dominant in the research area. The multispectral remote sensing analysis identified areas with high iron (Fe) content, which were further supported by magnetic satellite data showing magnetic anomalies from −0.312 to 0.178 nT. High anomalies within this range, particularly those between 0.004 and 0.178 nT, are indicative of layers rich in iron (Fe) within the limonite zone, thereby confirming the presence of laterite nickel deposits in the study area.