bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Left-Handedness in a Sample of Nine Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Niederhofer Helmut
Published: September 2010

Recent literature reports the possibility of right hemisphere dysfunction in patients with behavioural disorders. 9 subjects diagnosed as Borderline were studied via parent questionnaire. 5 of 9 patients were reported to use the left hand, more than is reported on the average in the general population, and more often in complex than simple and for external (touching food and objects) than for internal tasks (scratching, rubbing eyes), which suggests a deficit in cerebral control of external, goal-oriented hand use. Our results for a small group are consistent with the former hypothesis of a possible right hemisphere dysfunction in patients with Borderline disorders.
Male Body Image: Self-Perceived Weight Status and Avoidance of Body Exposure
Authors: Holle Christian
Published: September 2010

157 undergraduate students ( M age 18.6 yr.) taking introductory psychology courses participated in this study to assess if men's self-perceived weight status is associated with a disposition to engage in or to avoid activities that would expose the body to scrutiny of male and female observers. A second objective of this study was to examine whether willingness to expose the upper torso would be associated with self-reports of anxiety about physique and fear of negative evaluation. Analysis indicated that both self-perceived overweight and underweight men reported less intent than self-perceived normal weight men to volunteer for activities that would expose the body to scrutiny. Surprisingly, participants volunteered for more activities if the viewers of their bodies were women than if they were men. Finally, endorsed unwillingness to expose the upper torso to others was significantly associated with increased social physique anxiety and higher fear of negative evaluation.
Fuzzy Logic Simulation of the Testosterone Effect on Sex Differences in Vandenberg-Kuse Mental Rotation Scores
Authors: Karádi Kázmér
Published: September 2010

The relationship between testosterone level and mental rotation was modeled using a fuzzy logical simulation. The fuzzy model of men's and women's testosterone levels and MR scores mapped the input “space” of testosterone to the output “space” of mental rotation. The simulation showed that a single variable (testosterone) can produce a significant difference in output. The model typifies sex difference in distribution of mental rotation scores previously observed experimentally.
Perfectionism and Risk for Disordered Eating among Young French Male Cyclists of High Performance
Authors: Ferrand Claude , Brunet Emmanuel
Published: September 2010

The aim of this study was to examine the associations between dimensions of perfectionism and eating disorder symptoms among 42 young male amateur cyclists ( M = 21.8 yr., SD = 3.7) over the three performance categories (Elite, National, Regional). They completed the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale and the Eating Attitudes Test, and the Body Mass Index was computed. Analysis showed athletes in the performance categories did not differ on dimensions of perfectionism. Only the National category differed from the Regional and the Elite categories in log-transformed Oral Control. Regression analyses showed that Other Oriented Perfectionism significantly contributed 15%, 12%, and 14% of the variance, respectively, in the prediction of log-transformed Global EAT, Dieting, and Bulimia scores. Socially Prescribed Perfectionism was the significant predictor of log-transformed Oral Control scores, accounting for 16% of the variance. This study highlights the relevance of interpersonal facets of the perfectionism construct to eating disorder symptoms.
Visual Search Strategies of Soccer Players in One-on-One Defensive Situations on the Field
Authors: Nagano Tomohisa , Kato Takaaki , Fukuda Tadahiko
Published: September 2010

This study analyzed visual search strategies of soccer players in one-on-one defensive situations on the field. The 8 subjects were 4 experts and 4 novices. While subjects tackled an offensive player for possession of the ball, their eye movements were measured and analyzed. Statistically significant differences between the visual search strategies of experts and novices showed experts fixated more often on both the knee and the hip regions of opponents than novices did. This suggests that information gained from the movements of these areas was important in anticipating an opponent's next move. Findings suggest the importance in soccer for players not to focus too closely on the ball, but on an opponent's knee and hip.
Use of the Drawn Stories Technique to Evaluate Psychological Distress in Children
Authors: Trombini Elena , Montebarocci Ornella , Scarponi Dorella , Baldaro Bruno , Rossi Nicolino , Trombini Giancarlo
Published: September 2010

This study evaluated the validity of analyzing children's drawings using the Drawn Stories Technique for psychodiagnostic assessment and clinical investigation of children. The research was conducted on a sample of 211 subjects (102 girls, 109 boys), 99 in primary school and 112 in secondary school. Three measures of psychological distress were given: the Drawn Stories Technique (considering two types of outcome of the stories as an index of psychological distress: story with a negative outcome and story with a positive outcome), and two self-report scales, the Anxiety Scale Questionnaire for Children and the Children's Depression Inventory. Analyses for both age groups indicate a prevalence of positive outcomes over negative outcomes, with a similar distribution in the two age groups. Greater anxiety and depression were found for subjects with a prevalence of negative outcome in the stories, and girls scored generally as more anxious and depressed than boys. These results indicate that the Drawn Stories Technique shows construct validity for use with children and is sensitive enough to detect their psychological distress, in terms of anxiety and depression.
Left-Handed Major-League Baseball Players and Longevity Re-Examined
Authors: Abel Ernest L. , Kruger Michael L.
Published: September 2010

We re-examined the relationship between handedness and age at death for major league baseball players who died before 2002. This study extended the most recent examination of this issue by 13 years allowing us to compare 870 left-handers, 4,092 right-handers, and 1,092 bimanual players. Our study also took into account year of birth and player's position, both of which are related to longevity. Our analysis yielded no significant differences in longevity related to handedness ( F2,6035 = 0.13).
Priming and the Predictability of Contextual Information
Authors: Pilotti Maura , Chodorow Martin , Silverman Nanette , Thornton Kendell
Published: September 2010

Past research has indicated that repetition priming is disrupted by variable contextual information such as word-to-word changes in voice. In three experiments, we examined whether subjects' prediction of contextual changes could attenuate this effect. Predictability of contextual changes was accomplished either by presenting speakers' voices in a fixed sequential order or by giving subjects prior knowledge of which voice would produce the next word. In these experiments, predictability attenuated the disruptive effect that changes in voice had on priming, suggesting the processes which underlie this memory phenomenon are modulated by expectations that selectively optimize subjects' processing of incoming information.
Chemosensory Loss in Adults Aging with HIV
Authors: Vance David E.
Published: September 2010

Given that gustatory and olfactory impairments occur with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and the normal aging process, people aging with HIV may experience considerable chemosensory losses. Declines may place such adults at risk for eating contaminated foods, malnutrition, cognitive complaints, and reduced quality of life. Implications for study and treatment are considered.
Mormon and Jewish Views of the Afterlife
Authors: Lester David , Portner Jodi , Sierra Duvan
Published: September 2010

In their responses to a questionnaire, undergraduates, 60 Mormons, viewed the afterlife as less pleasant than did the 37 Jews, while the Jews were more concerned with sin and judgment and more often believed in reincarnation.
Test-Retest Reliability of the Self-Assessed Physical Activity Checklist
Authors: Brown Trent D. , Holland Bernie V.
Published: September 2010

To estimate the test-retest reliability of a modified version of the Self-assessed Physical Activity Checklist two administrations separated by 5 days were conducted for 52 boys and 51 girls in Grade 6 in Australia. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the reliability. Similar test-retest reliabilities were found between boys and girls for light, moderate, and total physical activity, with the largest difference for vigorous physical activity (.44 vs .12). The results suggest that the checklist is a more appropriate measure of boys' physical and sedentary activity as boys reported higher reliability coefficients on all categories except for light physical activity and TV/Video watching.
Rate of Learning and Asymptotic Performance in an Automatization Task and the Relation to Reading
Authors: Hecht Rozalia , Crewther David , Crewther Sheila
Published: September 2010

In the present study, direct evidence was sought linking cognitive automatic processing with reading in the general adult population. Reading speed on single-task performance and dual-task performance were compared. A total of 18 adults without dyslexia participated (7 men and 11 women, age M = 25.3 yr., SD = 2.7). Participants initially were trained in single-task mode on two types of tasks. The first was a central alphanumeric equation task (true or false), which comprised 3 subtests of increasing difficulty, ranging from an easily automated task to a varied and unpredictable mathematical operation. The second task was a peripheral pattern subitization task for which stimulus exposure time was related to performance. Finally, participants received dual-task training, which required simultaneous processing of both tasks. Slower reading speed was significantly related to rate of learning and speed of performance on predictable alphanumeric operations in dual-task conditions. There was no effect of reading speed on performance in the varied alphanumeric task. Faster readers were no better than slower readers on the pattern-subitization task. These findings suggest that faster readers automatized the predictable alphanumeric task more rapidly than slower readers and hence were better able to cope with the dual-task condition.
Coincidence Anticipation and Dynamic Visual Acuity in Young Adolescents
Authors: Millslagle Duane
Published: September 2010

Research involving college-age students and women fast pitch softball players indicated that coincidence anticipation and dynamic visual acuity are different visual abilities. This study used an alternative procedure to measure dynamic visual acuity to re-examine their relationship. Coincidence anticipation and dynamic visual acuity were measured in 24 young adolescents (12 boys, 12 girls) 11 to 14 years of age. During the dynamic visual acuity procedure, the subject tracked an object of a constant size while the researcher manipulated the object's velocity. Analysis indicated that they are different visual abilities. Findings indicated that the dynamic visual acuity of boys was significantly better than that of girls, and coincidence anticipation between boys and girls did not differ.
Effects of Viewing Pleasant and Unpleasant Photographs on Facial EMG Asymmetry
Authors: Zhou Renlai , Hu Senqi
Published: September 2010

40 subjects' facial electromyographic (EMG) activity at the corrugator and zygomatic muscle regions were recorded while they were viewing pleasant and unpleasant photographs. Analysis showed that the EMG activity at the left zygomatic muscle region generated the highest power, followed by the right zygomatic, left corrugator, and right corrugator muscle regions, while viewing pleasant photographs. The EMG activity at the left corrugator muscle region generated the highest power, followed by the right corrugator, left zygomatic, and right zygomatic muscle regions, while viewing unpleasant photographs. Further statistical analysis indicated that the EMG activities at the left corrugator region generated significantly higher power than those at the right corrugator region while viewing unpleasant photographs. It was concluded that the intensity of facial EMG activity on the left side of the face was stronger than the right side of the face during the process of emotional expression.
Developmental Transition from Object-Centered to Viewer-Centered Information in Young Children's Drawings
Authors: Taguchi Masanori
Published: September 2010

This study examined the developmental transition from object-centered to viewer-centered information in young children's drawings. 66 children, ages 4 to 6 years old, drew a miniature snowman as they saw it. The miniature snowman was presented to them with the head positioned to the (1) front, (2) back, (3) left, or (4) right. The face of the snowman was always down and concealed while the children were drawing. 4-yr.-olds more often made canonical drawings, 5-yr.-olds made conflicting drawings, and 6-yr.-olds made view-specific or vertical drawings. These findings suggested that the 4-yr.-olds drew an object using object-centered information, the 5-yr.-olds confused object- with viewer-centered information, and 6-yr.-olds represented an object by viewer-centered information.
Relation of the Repeatable Battery for Assessment of Neuropsychological Status to Measures of Daily Functioning in Dementia
Authors: Freilich Bryan M. , Hyer Leon A.
Published: September 2010

In the present study were examined relations of scores on the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (Randolph, 1998) with measures of daily functioning in a sample with dementia. Participants ( N = 66) with various forms of dementia were seen at a dementia diagnostic clinic. All participants were administered the battery as part of a larger battery of neuropsychological measures. The participants' functional status was assessed by their primary caregivers, who completed the Physical Self-maintenance Scale and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale (Lawton & Brody, 1969) as part of a social work interview. Analysis indicated that the Repeatable Battery for Assessment of Neuropsychological Status, particularly the Attention, Visuospatial/Constructional, and Immediate Memory indices, strongly correlated with measures of daily functioning. These results were supported by multiple regression analyses showing the RBANS Attention and Immediate Memory indices as significant predictors of functional abilities. One may conclude the RBANS should be favorably considered in understanding the functional problems of probable dementing patients.
Association among Items from the Self-Report Version of the Hamilton Depression Scale (Carroll Rating Scale) and Respondents' Sex
Authors: Camozzato Ana Luiza , Hidalgo Maria Paz , Souza Sônia , Chaves Márcia L. F.
Published: September 2010

The association among items of the self-reported version of the Hamilton Depression Scale (Carroll Rating Scale), answered according to a memory of a maximally disturbing event experienced, and respondents' sex was examined in a nonclinical sample of 320 college students, 164 women ( M age = 21.7 yr., SD = 3.6) and 156 men ( M age = 23.5 yr., SD = 5.8). An assessment of sex bias was also evaluated. Multiple regression analysis showed that statements regarding unhappiness, urge to cry, dizziness and faintness, and waking in the middle of the night were significantly associated with women. Removal of these items from the Carroll Rating Scale Total scores eliminated the sex differences in depression rates. Items that displayed significant sex bias were those regarding behavior and emotions commonly attributed to women within the general population.
Attitudes of Faculty Members toward Teaching Online Courses: View from Dissonance Theory
Authors: Chiou Wen-Bin
Published: September 2010

Based upon the perspective of external justification in dissonance theory, a survey was conducted to identify possible predictors of faculty members' attitudes toward teaching online courses. The predictors of satisfaction with reward, effort, and personal freedom were positively correlated with participants' attitudes after teaching online courses but commitment and responsibility were not. These accounted for very little variance. The practical implications for motivating college teachers not initially interested in online courses are discussed in the context of dissonance theory.
Psychometric Properties and Correlates of the Lester-Bean Attribution of Causes to Suicide Scale (German Form)
Authors: Loibl Lisa Mariella , Voracek Martin
Published: September 2010

Psychometric properties and correlates of the German form of Lester and Bean's 1992 Attribution of Causes to Suicide Scale, of 18 items tapping into lay theories of suicide (intrapsychic problems, interpersonal conflicts, and societal forces as causes), were investigated in a sample of the general population in Austria ( n = 156). The three attributional dimensions presented moderate internal consistencies and the 18 items appeared to be factorially orderly, as indicated by exploratory factor analysis. Previous results were replicated, with positive interrelations among all three dimensions, but these were largely confined to men. Societal causes of suicide were significantly less frequently endorsed than intrapsychic or interpersonal causes. Respondents' sex, intelligence, and knowledge about suicide were unrelated, and scores on the Big Five personality factors and social desirability were largely unrelated to the three dimensions. Endorsing intrapsychic causes to suicide was correlated with advanced age, religiosity, and conservative political orientation, and the three dimensions entertained meaningful associations with locus of control (internality, social externality, and fatalistic externality). All observed demographic and attitudinal correlates were, however, of modest magnitude. Implications of the findings and directions for further inquiry are discussed.
Some Notes on the Relation of Moral Reasoning and Personality
Authors: Chovan William
Published: September 2010

This article offers a critical review of various accepted premises of and persuasive interpretations on whether moral reasoning and personality traits are related. Purposely, this study draws on recent critical examination by Mudrack questioning the paucity of research on the efficacy of a long-established measure of moral reasoning, i.e., Defining Issues Test, together with its relations with basic personality variables of the California Psychological Inventory. Some observations are noted about the validity of tasks that measure personality traits and magnitude of the relation to moral reasoning.
Changes in Students' Motivation to Learn during the First Year of College
Authors: Kowalski Patricia
Published: September 2010

This study looks at changes in first-year college students' motivational orientation and whether these changes relate systematically to campus and classroom experiences. 130 college students ( M age=18 yr., 75% women) completed measures of learning orientation, grade orientation, and work avoidance from the LOGO II at the beginning and end of their first year. The year-end assessment also included questions regarding characteristics of students' classes and the amount of time they spent in campus activities. Students became more grade-oriented and work-avoidant and less learning-oriented over time. Changes in learning orientation and work avoidance were associated with classroom and campus experiences. Results are discussed in terms of the need for additional research on changes in college students' motivation and factors predicting this change.
An Empirical Assessment of Generational Differences in Basic Human Values
Authors: Lyons Sean T. , Duxbury Linda , Higgins Christopher
Published: September 2010

This study assessed generational differences in human values as measured by the Schwartz Value Survey. It was proposed that the two most recent generations, Millennials and Generation Xers, would value Sell-enhancement and Openness to Change more than the two older generations, Baby Boomers and Matures, while the two older generations would value Self-transcendence and Conservation more. The hypotheses were tested with a combined sample of Canadian knowledge workers and undergraduate business students ( N = 1,194). Two hypotheses were largely supported, although an unexpectedly large difference was observed between Millennials and Generation Xers with respect to Openness to Change and Self-enhancement. The findings suggest that generation is a useful variable in examining differences in social values.
Assessing the Multidimensional and Hierarchical Structure of Servqual
Authors: Ma Jun , Harvey Milton E. , Hu Michael Y.
Published: September 2010

Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry introduced SERVQUAL in 1998 as a scale to measure service quality. Since then, researchers have proposed several variations. This study examines the development of the tool. Marketing researchers have first challenged the conceptualization of a perceptions-expectations gap and have concluded that the performance-based measures are adequate to capture consumers' perception of service quality. Some researchers have argued that the five dimensions of the SERVQUAL scale only focus on the process of service delivery and have extended the SERVQUAL scale into six dimensions by including the service outcome dimension. Others have proposed that service quality is a multilevel construct and should be measured accordingly. From a sample of 467 undergraduate students data on service quality toward up-scale restaurants were collected. Using the structural equation approach, two measurement models of service quality were compared, the extended SERVQUAL model and the restructured multilevel SERVQUAL model. Analysis suggested that the latter model fits the data better than the extended one.
Preliminary Analysis of Language Styles in a Sample of Schizophrenics
Authors: Lee Chang H. , Lee Myungju , Ahn Sungwoo , Kim Kyungil
Published: September 2010

Language use of schizophrenics and normal people was compared by applying the language analysis program, Korean Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count. Participants were asked to write a story about the most emotional experience of their lives on A4 size paper. 28 schizophrenics ( M age: 26 yr.) and 32 normal people (Ai age: 23 yr.) participated. Analysis showed normal people used more words about jobs and achievements and fewer words about sex and food. The schizophrenics used fewer pronouns, personal pronouns, and adverbs than the normal group. Some aspects of clinical mechanism are manifest in language uses.
Influence of Third Party Expertise on Disputants' Reactions to Mediation
Authors: Arnold Josh A.
Published: September 2010

When people cannot resolve their conflicts, they often turn to a third party, called a mediator, for help. What guides disputants' choice of mediators is the present focus. Two kinds of mediator's expertise were compared, which might affect disputants' judgment of mediators and their recommendations—process expertise and content expertise. The mediator's particular content expertise about the details of the dispute appeared to be irrelevant if the mediator was considered to be an expert in the process of conflict resolution. When mediators were seen as process experts, disputants viewed them as more credible and were more favorably disposed toward engaging their services. These judgments extended to the mediators' recommendations. Those recommendations offered by process expert mediators were viewed as higher quality and were judged more favorably. When the mediator was perceived as lacking process expertise, disputants' perceptions of how well the mediator understood the particular details of the dispute increased their evaluations of the mediator and the mediator's recommendation.
Armenian Ethnic Orientation Questionnaire–Revised
Authors: Der-Karabetian Aghop , Berberian Suzanne , Der-Boghossian Adrineh
Published: September 2010

The purpose of this study was to report the development of a shorter revised version of the 57-item Armenian Ethnic Orientation Questionnaire. Data from two different independently conducted studies were presented. One of the studies used a convenient sample from Pasadena, California ( n = 155) composed of Armenian adolescents (48% girls, 52% boys; with a mean age of 15.6 yr., SD =1.2) who attended public schools. The second study used a convenient sample from Toronto, Ontario ( n = 108) composed of community members at large (48% women, 52% men; with a mean age of 34.0 yr., SD= 15.3). A revision of 15 items rated on a 6-point scale showed good scale score reliability and construct validity. In both studies, scores on the revised version differentiated native-born from immigrant groups and were correlated with more ethnic behaviors and greater involvement.
National Intelligence and Suicide Rate across Europe: An Alternative Test Using Educational Attainment Data
Authors: Voracek Martin
Published: September 2010

National mean scores on a historical knowledge test (taken as a proxy for intelligence), stemming from representative samples of male (and female) 9th-grade school students from 26 European countries in a 1999 report by Wilberg and Lynn, were significantly positively associated with the national male (and female) suicide rates, independent of the general quality-of-living conditions in these countries. This finding replicates previous evidence from cross-national studies (by Lester and by Voracek), of a correspondence of higher national IQ to higher suicide rates, with an alternative measure of national IQ that is independent of the national IQ estimates recently published by Lynn and Vanhanen which have been used in prior studies.
Analysis of Acculturation, Sex, and Heavy Alcohol use in Latino College Students
Authors: Safer Alan M. , Piane Gina
Published: September 2010

24% of 917 students at California State University Long Beach who completed an alcohol use survey in 2002 (73% response) identified themselves as Latino. Because measures of acculturation reported in most adult studies positively correlated with alcohol use and sex, it was hypothesized that these associations might also apply to Latino college students. With increasing levels of acculturation, women but not men in this Latino college sample reported significantly greater occurrence of heavy drinking, positive attitudes about drinking, and perception that most of their friends use alcoholic beverages.
Autonomy, Competence, and Social Relatedness in Task Interest within Project-Based Education
Authors: Minnaert Alexander , Boekaerts Monique , De Brabander Cornelis
Published: September 2010

To prepare students for instructive collaboration, it is necessary to have insight into students' psychological needs and interest development. The framework of self-determination theory was used to conduct a field experiment involving 114 students in vocational education. These students followed a practical business course which required they work in small learning groups. During the course, students were asked to complete the Quality of Working in Groups Instrument, an online measure of how strong autonomy, competence, social relatedness, and task interest are fulfilled. SEM showed that students' psychological needs were jointly and uniquely related to task interest over time. The significance of this on-line test for the assessment of interest within project-based education is discussed.
The Depressive Experiences Questionnaire: On Using a Student-Based Scoring Program for a Clinical Sample
Authors: Desmet Mattias , Vanheule Stijn , Meganck Reitske , Verhaeghe Paul , Bogaerts Stefan
Published: September 2010

In both clinical and nonclinical samples, the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire is scored with a program that computes factor scores by using means, standard deviations, and item-loadings of a student sample. The underlying assumption of the use of this program in clinical samples is that factor scores computed on the basis of the student factor solution are similar to factor scores computed on the basis of a clinical factor solution. Consequently, both series of scores should lead up to the same conclusions when studying associations with theoretically related variables. This assumption has not been tested although the questionnaire has been used in research for almost 30 years. In the present paper an alternative scoring program was constructed, based on the factor solution of a clinical sample ( N = 400) to assess whether scores of this clinical scoring program are associated in the same way with different types of depressive symptoms and interpersonal problems as the scores of the original (student-based) program. Analysis gave results inconsistent with the assumption and did not support the use of the student-based scoring program in the clinical sample. Further, results suggest that standards for assessing factorial similarity used in confirmatory factor analysis might be too lenient.
The Effects of Shyness on Love Styles and Relationship Status
Authors: Erwin Philip G.
Published: September 2010

As prior research has indicated that shyness is associated with social anxiety, inhibition, and generally less fulfilling social relationships, this study examined the possible affect of shyness on one specific type of relationship, romantic love. Participants ( N=124) completed the Revised Cheek-Buss Shyness Scale and the Love Attitudes Scale, and provided basic information about themselves and their current romantic relationships. A chi-square test showed no significant association between high or low Shyness scores and whether participants were currently involved in a romantic relationship, but there were significant positive correlations between these scores and those on two of the six love styles, Storge and Mania. In interpreting the results, the effects of shyness on relationships, social expectations, and love attitudes are discussed.
Relations of Self-Reported Maternal Acceptance and Behavioral Control with Acting-Out Aggressive Behavior in Children Diagnosed with ADHD
Authors: Stern Sheldon B. , Rohner Ronald P. , Sacks-Stern Bracha J.
Published: September 2010

This study explored the relation between perceived maternal acceptance and control, and acting-out aggressive behavior in children diagnosed with ADHD. 81 dyads of mothers and children participated. Children ranged in age from 8 through 13 years ( M = 10.8 yr., SD=1.7). 63 children were boys, 18 were girls. Mothers ranged in age from 28 through 55 years ( M = 41.1 yr., SD = 5.58). 78% were posthigh school or college graduates. Both mothers and children responded to self-report questionnaires assessing children's behavior as well as mothers' behavior toward their children. Analysis showed that mothers were consistently accepting, and they tended to be firm in behavioral control. Children were reported by mothers as displaying only moderate acting-out aggressive behavior. Multiple regression analyses showed that both maternal acceptance and maternal control made significant and independent contributions to variations in children's acting-out behavior. Approximately 22% of the variance in scores on acting-out aggression was explained by a linear combination of maternal acceptance and behavioral control. None of these relations varied significantly by age or sex of the child.
Mood State, Issue Involvement, and Argument Strength on Responses to Persuasive Appeals
Authors: Sinclair Robert C. , Lovsin Tanya K. , Moore Sean E.
Published: September 2010

This study investigated the effects of mood state, issue involvement, and argument strength on responses to persuasive appeals. Through an unrelated second study paradigm, 144 introductory psychology students were randomly assigned to High or Low Issue Involvement, Happy or Sad Mood Inductions, and Strong or Weak Argument conditions. Attitudes, measured on 9-point Likert-type scales, and cognitive responses, measured through a thought listing, were assessed. On attitudes, people in the Happy Induction condition were equally persuaded by Strong and Weak Arguments, whereas people in the Sad Induction condition were persuaded by Strong, but not Weak, Arguments. Involvement had no effect. On the thought-listing measures, people in the Happy Induction condition showed modest elaboration. A stronger pattern of effects, consistent with high elaboration, was noted on the thought listings of people in the Sad Induction condition and who were in the High Involvement group. Interestingly, people in the Sad Induction condition who were in the Low Involvement group showed mood-congruency on thoughts. The data suggest that the effects of mood state are not moderated by the effects of issue Involvement on this measure of attitudes but that there may be some moderation on measures of elaboration. Implications and directions for research are discussed.
What Do Death Anxiety Scales Measure?
Authors: Lester David
Published: September 2010

In a sample of 87 undergraduates (61 women and 26 men; Mage = 21.2 yr., SD = 3.4), scores on the death anxiety scales by Templer and by Abdel-Khalek were more strongly associated with these college students' fear of death for one's own death than for the death of others.
Italian Laypeople's Assumptions about Human Nature Compared with Ten Personality Theories
Authors: Forzi Mario
Published: September 2010

Hochwälder's (2000) methodology was applied to 270 Italian participants, differing in age and profession, to gather information about the participants' position on nine fundamental dimensions of human nature in relation to some demographic aspects and in comparison with 10 personality theories. The Italian sample stressed the importance of environment and the Unknowability and Changeability of human nature. A holistic, subjective, and heterostatic perspective was also assumed. The influences of age and sex were small, although differences were found among the professional groups. As in Hochwälder's study, the theoretical position of the average respondent was most similar to Allport's position and most dissimilar to Skinner's position. Differences were found between Hochwälder's Swedish sample and the subsample of Italian high school students. Results are discussed within a cross-cultural framework. The completeness of these nine dimensions is also discussed and other possible dimensions are proposed.
Comparison of the Music Therapy Coding Scheme with the Music Therapy Checklist
Authors: Raglio A. , Traficante D. , Oasi O.
Published: September 2010

The Music Therapy Checklist is useful for music therapists to monitor and evaluate the music therapeutic process. A list of different types of behaviors were selected based on results derived from applying the Music Therapy Coding Scheme. The use of a checklist to code the events with a recording method based on 1-min. intervals allows observation without data-processing systems and drastically reduces coding time. At the same time, the checklist tags the main factors in musical interaction.
The Social Adjustment Scale-Self-Report: Psychometric Properties for Older Adults
Authors: Zweig Richard A. , Turkel Elihu
Published: September 2010

To assess the reliability and validity of the Social Adjustment Scale-Self-Report for older adults, 129 community dwelling elderly ranging in age from 63 to 87 years ( M = 72.3 yr., SD = 5.0) were surveyed using a modified version of the scale. The average internal consistency of subscales was satisfactory (mean coefficient alpha = .62). Overall social functioning impairment (total score) was associated with measures of depression (Beck Depression Inventory, r = .58) and global psychiatric symptoms (Brief Symptom Inventory, r = .55). Older adults scored higher on Marital role, Family Unit role, and overall social functioning impairment compared to mixed-age adults assessed in previous research, and higher on marital role impairment but similarly on overall social functioning when compared with a mixed-age sample from primary care. The modified Social Adjustment Scale–Self-Report has acceptable psychometric characteristics for research use with older adults, and select subscales may account for findings of age-related differences.
Preliminary Findings on Korean Adolescents' Perceptions of Health Risks
Authors: Kim Youngho
Published: September 2010

The current study investigated how Korean adolescents perceive their own health risks and compare likelihood of their own health risks with those of others at the same age. 416 Korean students ( M = 16.2 yr., SD = .6) who attended junior high and high schools in Seoul completed a Korean version of the Self-Other Risk Judgments Profile. Analysis indicated adolescents tend to have unrealistic perceptions of their vulnerability to most health risks and perceived their own likelihood of encountering all health risk events as lower than that of others.
Perceptions of a Photograph of a Woman with Visible Piercings
Authors: Martino Sara
Published: September 2010

To examine perceptions of people with visible piercings 105 undergraduate students from four different courses on campus (85 women, 20 men; M age =20.0 yr., SD = 3.4) were randomly assigned to rate a photograph of a women with or without piercings on her eyebrow, ear, lip, and nose on 13 characteristics. Analysis indicated the model with visible piercings was rated less religious and more creative, artistic, and mysterious. These findings differ from previous findings on perception of tattoos. Implications and directions for research with different age groups are discussed.
Normative Data for Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices Scale in Yemen
Authors: Khaleefa Omar , Lynn Richard
Published: September 2010

Results are reported for a standardization sample of 986 6- to 11-yr.-olds for the Coloured Progressive Matrices in Yemen. Younger children performed better than older children relative to British norms, and there was no significant sex difference in means or variability. In relation to a British IQ of 100 ( SD=15), the sample obtained an average IQ of approximately 81.
Sex Differences in Working Memory
Authors: Harness Ashley , Jacot Lorri , Scherf Shauna , White Adam , Warnick Jason E.
Published: September 2010

In two separate studies, sex differences in modal-specific elements of working memory were investigated by utilizing words and pictures as stimuli. Groups of men and women performed a free-recall task of words or pictures in which 20 items were presented concurrently and the number of correct items recalled was measured. Following stimulus presentation, half of the participants were presented a verbal-based distraction task. On the verbal working-memory task, performance of men and women was not significantly different in the no-distraction condition. However, in the distraction condition, women's recall was significantly lower than their performance in the no-distraction condition and men's performance in the distraction condition. These findings are consistent with previous research and point to sex differences in cognitive ability putatively resulting from functional neuroanatomical dissimilarities. On the visual working-memory task, women showed significantly greater recall than men. These findings are inconsistent with previous research and underscore the need for further research.
Personality Profile for Adolescents at Risk for Internalizing and Externalizing Problems
Authors: Abad Judit , Forns Maria
Published: September 2010

To estimate the personality profile for adolescents at psychopathological risk, a community sample of 762 adolescents, ages 12 to 16 years ( M = 13.8, SD = 1.3), 53% boys and 47% girls, from the city of Barcelona, Spain, were tested with the Youth Self-Report and the High School Personality Questionnaire. Among this group, 140 adolescents were identified as showing symptoms of psychopathological risk for internalizing or externalizing syndromes as defined by Achenbach's theory, Analysis indicated that adolescents who scored high for internalizing and externalizing symptoms showed differing personality profiles, which also differed by sex. Boys scoring high on internalizing tended to adopt an inhibited, shy, and apprehensive behavior, while girls showed a tendency to display a more distant and cold affect and changeable emotionality. The personality pattern of boys and girls who scored high on externalizing symptoms showed both similar and different aspects. Both sexes displayed characteristics such as dominance, poor rule conformity, and low self-discipline. However, girls who scored high on externalizing symptoms also tended to show impulsiveness, social boldness, and low sensitivity.
Exploring Experience of Family Relations by Patients with Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa Using a Projective Family Test
Authors: Ciccolo Erica B. Fäldt
Published: September 2010

Elements of family dynamics have been shown to be related to onset, course, as well as prognosis of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. The goal was to explore the experience of family relations in a group of patients with eating disorders using a projective family test. The Patient group (anorexia = 21, bulimia=16), as well as a healthy Control group, were given a projective family test, the Eating Disorder Inventory-2, as well as Karolinska Scales of Personality. The Patient group expressed more discord within the family picture than the Control group, such as cold and loveless relationships and not feeling validated. The group of patients reporting the most family discord did not show more eating disorder pathology or general psychopathology. They did, however, have higher scores on the Eating Disorder Inventory—2 subscale Maturity Fears, as well as higher values on the Karolinska Scales of Personality subscale Socialization. These results are interpreted within the background of methodological challenges in this area of research.
Evaluation of Siddha Samadhi Yoga for Anxiety and Depression Symptoms: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Kozasa Elisa Harumi , Santos Ruth Ferreira , Rueda Adriana Dourado , Benedito-Silva Ana Amélia , De Moraes Ornellas Felipe Leite , Leite José Roberto
Published: September 2010

Siddha Samadhi Yoga is a program in which meditation is associated with pranayama (breathing exercises). 22 volunteers with anxiety complaints ( M age = 42.8 yr., SD = 10.3) were assigned to two groups: 14 attended the yoga group, and 8 attended a waiting-list or control group. They were evaluated before the intervention and 1 month after it on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, Tension Feelings Self-evaluation Scales, and the Well-being Self-evaluation Scales. A significant reduction in scores on anxiety, depression, and tension was found in yoga group, as well as an increase in well-being in comparison with the control group.
Measurement of Self-Evaluative Motives: A Shopping Scenario
Authors: Wajda Theresa A. , Kolbe Richard , Hu Michael Y. , Cui Annie Peng
Published: September 2010

To develop measures of consumers' self-evaluative motives of Self-verification, Self-enhancement, and Self-improvement within the context of a mall shopping environment, an initial set of 49 items was generated by conducting three focus-group sessions. These items were subsequently converted into shopping-dependent motive statements. 250 undergraduate college students responded on a 7-point scale to each statement as these related to the acquisition of recent personal shopping goods. An exploratory factor analysis yielded five factors, accounting for 57.7% of the variance, three of which corresponded to the Self-verification motive (five items), Self-enhancement motive (three items), and Self-improvement motive (six items). These 14 items, along with 9 reconstructed items, yielded 23 items retained and subjected to additional testing. In a final round of data collection, 169 college students provided data for exploratory factor analysis. 11 items were used in confirmatory factor analysis. Analysis indicated that the 11-item scale adequately captured measures of the three self-evaluative motives. However, further data reduction produced a 9-item scale with marked improvement in statistical fit over the 11-item scale.
Personality, Cognitive Coping Strategies, and Adaptational Outcomes in a Sample from the General Spanish Population
Authors: Ruiz Víctor M.
Published: September 2010

The relationship among scores on two personality dimensions, Emotional Stability and Extraversion, and on two cognitive coping strategies, Positive Thinking and Wishful Thinking, and on the Consequences of Coping scale were examined in 169 Spanish persons (78 men and 91 women; Mage = 36.3 yr., SD = 12.1). Positive Thinking was associated with high scores on the two personality dimensions and positive consequences, whereas Wishful Thinking was associated with low scores on both Emotional Stability and Extraversion and with negative consequences.
Associations on Dimensions of Burnout and Family Support for a Sample of Greek Nurses
Authors: Tselebis Athanasios , Bratis Dionysios , Karkanias Athanasios , Apostolopoulou Eleni , Gournas Georgios , Moussas Georgios , Ilias Ioannis
Published: September 2010

To assess correlations for perceived family support with burnout in Greek nurses, the Julkunen Family Support Questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory were administered to nurses (22 men and 88 women; M age = 35.6 yr., SD = 5.7 yr.; M work experience = 12.2 yr., SD = 6.2 yr.). The correlation was positive but low for family support and sense of personal accomplishment by women; all the other correlations were low, accounting for very small variance.
Increasing Compliance with a Request: Two Touches are More Effective than One
Authors: Vaidis David C. F. , Halimi-Falkowicz Séverine G. M.
Published: September 2010

Touch procedures have been shown to increase the likelihood of compliance with requests. But the effect of subsequent touches following a classical touch procedure has not been investigated. It was predicted that two touches would lead to more compliance than one touch. 180 male and 180 female bystanders were asked to fill in a short or long questionnaire by a female confederate. They were touched by the confederate either once, twice, or not at all. Results showed that there was more compliance in the two-touch than in the one-touch condition, and when the participants were touched by the confederate. These findings support the hypothesis. Moreover, whereas participants were less likely to fill in the long questionnaire in the no-touch condition, touch procedures led to more compliance whatever the questionnaire length. Also, touch was more effective when a female confederate made the request to a male participant.
Retrospective Dream Components and Musical Preferences
Authors: Kroth Jerry , Lamas Jasmin , Pisca Nicholas , Bourret Kristy , Kollath Miranda
Published: September 2010

Retrospective dream components endorsed on the KJP Dream Inventory were correlated with those on the Short Test of Musical Preference for 68 graduate students in counseling psychology (11 men). Among 40 correlations, 6 were significant between preferences for Heavy Metal and Dissociative avoidance dreams (.32), Dreaming that you are dreaming (.40), Dreaming that you have fallen unconscious or asleep (.41), Recurring pleasantness (.31), and Awakening abruptly from a dream (−.31); between preferences for Rap/Hip-Hop and Sexual dreams (.27); and between preferences for Jazz and Recurring pleasantness in dreams (.33). Subjects preferring Classical music reported a higher incidence of Dreams of flying (.33) and rated higher Discontentedness in dreams (−.26). The meaning of these low values awaits research based on personality inventories and full dream reports.