Insiden mild cognitive impairment tipe amnestik dan non-amnestik pada kelompok usia lanjut di Puskesmas Uabau
Authors: Ariani Ni Putu Inna , Pramaswari Anak Agung Ayu Agung 
Published: November 2023

Background: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a mild cognitive function disorder in the form of decreased memory function but does not interfere with daily activities. Decreased memory and impaired orientation of place and time due to MCI will increase the risk of injury in the elderly in their daily lives. Knowing the incidence of MCI earlier is very important, as finding MCI sufferers earlier can inhibit the progression and improve the quality of life of sufferers. Thus, this study aims to determine the incidence of amnestic and non-amnestic MCI in the elderly, especially in the Puskesmas Uabau working area.
Methods: The research design used a cross-sectional method where data was collected by interviewing using the MMSE-Ina questionnaire. A total of 135 subjects consisting of the elderly (45-60 years) and elderly (>60 years) age group in the Puskesmas Uabau working area were included in the study using consecutive random sampling—selection of the sample according to the eligibility criteria. Data analysis was carried out to determine the incidence of amnestic and non-amnestic MCI types.
Results: There was an incidence of MCI of 47.4% (64 people), which was dominated by women in the elderly group >71 years with comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, hyperuricemia, stroke), and did not have comorbid hypertension and dyslipidemia. Single realm amnestic type MCI was obtained as much as 3.1%, plural amnestic type MCI was 57.8%, plural non-amnestic type MCI was 39.1%, and no elderly group was found with single domain non-amnestic type MCI.
Conclusion: The incidence of MCI in the elderly group at the Uabau Health Center is high, so special attention is needed from an early age so as not to fall into a state of more severe cognitive impairment.
 
Latar Belakang: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) merupakan gangguan fungsi kognitif ringan berupa menurunnya fungsi memori namun tidak mengganggu aktivitas sehari-hari. Menurunnya daya ingat serta gangguan orientasi tempat dan waktu akibat MCI akan meningkatkan risiko kejadian cedera pada kelompok usia lanjut dalam kesehariannya. Mengetahui insiden MCI sejak dini sangatlah penting, dimana ditemukannya penderita MCI sejak dini dapat menghambat progresifitas serta meningkatkan kualitas hidup penderitanya. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui insidensi dari MCI tipe amnestik dan non-amnestik pada kelompok usia lanjut, khususnya di lingkungan Puskesmas Uabau.
Metode: Desain penelitian menggunakan metode potong lintang dimana pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuisioner MMSE-Ina. Sebanyak 135 subjek yang terdiri dari kelompok usia prelansia (45-60 tahun) dan lansia (>60 tahun) di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Uabau dimasukkan dalam penelitian menggunakan consecutive random sampling. Pemilihan sampel sesuai dengan kriteria eligibilitas. Analisis data dilakukan untuk mengetahui insiden MCI tipe amnestik dan non amnestik.
Hasil: Didapatkan insiden MCI sebesar 47.4% (64 orang), dimana didominasi oleh perempuan di kelompok lansia >71 tahun dengan komorbid (diabetes melitus, hiperurisemia, stroke), serta tidak memiliki komorbid hipertensi dan dislipidemia. MCI tipe amnestik ranah tunggal didapatkan sebanyak 3.1%, MCI tipe amnestik ranah jamak sebanyak 57.8%, MCI tipe non-amnestik ranah jamak sebanyak 39.1%, dan tidak ditemukan kelompok usia lanjut dengan MCI tipe non-amnestik ranah tunggal.
Kesimpulan: Insiden MCI pada kelompok usia lanjut di Puskesmas Uabau tinggi sehingga dibutuhkan perhatian khusus sejak dini agar tidak jatuh ke keadaan gangguan kognitif yang lebih berat.