bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early biological markers of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Lu Scott , Peluso Michael J. , Glidden David V. , Davidson Michelle C. , Lugtu Kara , Pineda-Ramirez Jesus , Tassetto Michel , Garcia-Knight Miguel , Zhang Amethyst , Goldberg Sarah A. , Chen Jessica Y. , Fortes-Cobby Maya , Park Sara , Martinez Ana , So Matthew , Donovan Aidan , Viswanathan Badri , Hoh Rebecca , Donohue Kevin , McIlwain David R. , Gaudiliere Brice , Anglin Khamal , Yee Brandon C. , Chenna Ahmed , Winslow John W. , Petropoulos Christos J. , Deeks Steven G. , Briggs-Hagen Melissa , Andino Raul , Midgley Claire M. , Martin Jeffrey N. , Saydah Sharon , Kelly J. Daniel
Published: August 2024

To understand the roles of acute-phase viral dynamics and host immune responses in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), we enrolled 136 participants within 5 days of their first positive SARS-CoV-2 real-time PCR test. Participants self-collected up to 21 nasal specimens within the first 28 days post-symptom onset; interviewer-administered questionnaires and blood samples were collected at enrollment, days 9, 14, 21, 28, and month 4 and 8 post-symptom onset. Defining PASC as the presence of any COVID-associated symptom at their 4-month visit, we compared viral markers (quantity and duration of nasal viral RNA load, infectious viral load, and plasma N-antigen level) and host immune markers (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-γ, MCP, IP-10, and Spike IgG) over the acute period. Compared to those who fully recovered, those reporting PASC demonstrated significantly higher maximum levels of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and N-antigen, burden of RNA and infectious viral shedding, and lower Spike-specific IgG levels within 9 days post-illness onset. No significant differences were identified among a panel of host immune markers. Our results suggest early viral dynamics and the associated host immune responses play a role in the pathogenesis of PASC, highlighting the importance of understanding early biological markers in the natural history of PASC.
An intronic copy number variation in Syntaxin 17 determines speed of greying and melanoma incidence in Grey horses
Authors: Rubin Carl-Johan , Hodge McKaela , Naboulsi Rakan , Beckman Madeleine , Bellone Rebecca R. , Kallenberg Angelica , J’Usrey Stephanie , Ohmura Hajime , Seki Kazuhiro , Furukawa Risako , Ohnuma Aoi , Davis Brian W. , Tozaki Teruaki , Lindgren Gabriella , Andersson Leif
Published: August 2024

The Greying with age phenotype in horses involves loss of hair pigmentation whereas skin pigmentation is not reduced, and a predisposition to melanoma. The causal mutation was initially reported as a duplication of a 4.6 kb intronic sequence in Syntaxin 17. The speed of greying varies considerably among Grey horses. Here we demonstrate the presence of two different Grey alleles, G2 carrying two tandem copies of the duplicated sequence and G3 carrying three. The latter is by far the most common allele, probably due to strong selection for the striking white phenotype. Our results reveal a remarkable dosage effect where the G3 allele is associated with fast greying and high incidence of melanoma whereas G2 is associated with slow greying and low incidence of melanoma. The copy number expansion transforms a weak enhancer to a strong melanocyte-specific enhancer that underlies hair greying (G2 and G3) and a drastically elevated risk of melanoma (G3 only). Our direct pedigree-based observation of the origin of a G2 allele from a G3 allele by copy number contraction demonstrates the dynamic evolution of this locus and provides the ultimate evidence for causality of the copy number variation of the 4.6 kb intronic sequence.
Orbital modulation of subtropical versus subantarctic moisture sources in the southeast Pacific mid-latitudes
Authors: Kaiser Jérôme , Schefuß Enno , Collins James , Garreaud René , Stuut Jan-Berend W. , Ruggieri Nicoletta , De Pol-Holz Ricardo , Lamy Frank
Published: August 2024

Reconstructing rainfall variability and moisture sources is a critical aspect to understand past and future hydroclimate dynamics. Here, we use changes in the deuterium content of land-plant leaf waxes from two marine sediment cores located off Chile to reconstruct changes in rainfall amount and variation in moisture sources over the last ~50 ka. The records indicate increased moisture in central Chile during precession maxima, but an obliquity modulation is evident in southern Chile. While the southern westerly winds are the dominant factor of precipitation in southern Chile by bringing moisture and perturbations from the extratropics, the subtropics represent an additional moisture source during precession maxima due to a stronger subtropical jet increasing moisture transport from the tropics to the mid-latitudes. These findings imply that a combination of orbital modulation of moisture sources and rainfall amount explains the last glacial moisture maximum and early Holocene moisture minimum in south-central Chile.
Solid Earth forcing of Mesozoic oceanic anoxic events
Authors: Gernon T. M. , Mills B. J. W. , Hincks T. K. , Merdith A. S. , Alcott L. J. , Rohling E. J. , Palmer M. R.
Published: August 2024

Oceanic anoxic events are geologically abrupt phases of extreme oxygen depletion in the oceans that disrupted marine ecosystems and brought about evolutionary turnover. Typically lasting ~1.5 million years, these events occurred frequently during the Mesozoic era, from about 183 to 85 million years ago, an interval associated with continental breakup and widespread large igneous province volcanism. One hypothesis suggests that anoxic events resulted from enhanced chemical weathering of Earth’s surface in a greenhouse world shaped by high volcanic carbon outgassing. Here we test this hypothesis using a combination of plate reconstructions, tectonic–geochemical analysis and global biogeochemical modelling. We show that enhanced weathering of mafic lithologies during continental breakup and nascent seafloor spreading can plausibly drive a succession of anoxic events. Weathering pulses collectively gave rise to substantial releases of the nutrient phosphorus to the oceans, stimulating biological primary production. This, in turn, enhanced organic carbon burial and caused widespread ocean deoxygenation on a scale sufficient to drive recurrent anoxia. This model complements volcanic outgassing-centred hypotheses for triggering these events by demonstrating well-quantified basaltic sources of phosphorus release during periods of intense weathering related to climate warmth. Our study highlights a close coupling between the solid Earth and biosphere during continental reorganization.
Characteristics of blood–brain barrier heterogeneity between brain regions revealed by profiling vascular and perivascular cells
Authors: Pfau Sarah J. , Langen Urs H. , Fisher Theodore M. , Prakash Indumathi , Nagpurwala Faheem , Lozoya Ricardo A. , Lee Wei-Chung Allen , Wu Zhuhao , Gu Chenghua
Published: August 2024

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain and maintains neuronal homeostasis. BBB properties can vary between brain regions to support regional functions, yet how BBB heterogeneity occurs is poorly understood. Here, we used single-cell and spatial transcriptomics to compare the mouse median eminence, one of the circumventricular organs that has naturally leaky blood vessels, with the cortex. We identified hundreds of molecular differences in endothelial cells (ECs) and perivascular cells, including astrocytes, pericytes and fibroblasts. Using electron microscopy and an aqueous-based tissue-clearing method, we revealed distinct anatomical specializations and interaction patterns of ECs and perivascular cells in these regions. Finally, we identified candidate regionally enriched EC–perivascular cell ligand–receptor pairs. Our results indicate that both molecular specializations in ECs and unique EC–perivascular cell interactions contribute to BBB functional heterogeneity. This platform can be used to investigate BBB heterogeneity in other regions and may facilitate the development of central nervous system region-specific therapeutics.
Developing an image-based grading scale for peripheral drusen to investigate associations of peripheral drusen type with age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Sharma Paripoorna , Kalaw Fritz Gerald P. , Lin Andrew , Walker Evan H. , Borooah Shyamanga
Published: August 2024

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness. It is associated with peripheral drusen which has not been categorized. We investigated peripheral drusen to validate an image grading system and to understand possible associations between peripheral drusen and AMD. We collated clinical data, ultra-widefield (UWF) pseudocolor fundus images and Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) scans from consecutive retinal patients. SD-OCT scans were used to determine AMD stage. A masked retinal specialist recorded the types of peripheral drusen observed in UWF images. Eyes whose UWF images did not pass quality screening and those without AMD and peripheral drusen were excluded from the study. Statistical tests were utilized to determine the validity of our grading system and associations of peripheral drusen with AMD. A total of 481 eyes (283 subjects) were included in the study (mean age 73.1 ± 1.2years, 64.3% female). Interobserver and test–retest statistical analyses to evaluate the UWF image grading system resulted in Cohen’s Kappa 0.649 (p < 0.001) and 0.922 (p < 0.001) respectively. A total of 284 (59.0%), 28 (5.8%), 15 (3.1%), 22 (4.6%), 4 (0.8%), 39 (8.1%), and 32 (6.7%) eyes had hard, soft, reticular, cuticular, atrophic, mixed drusen, and mixed drusen and atrophy respectively in at least one peripheral retinal quadrant. Hard peripheral drusen was significantly associated with the presence of AMD (p = 0.010). Peripheral drusen types were variably seen in retinal patients with and without AMD. We validated a peripheral drusen grading system and provided an image library to assist in the identification of peripheral drusen. Our study found an association between peripheral hard drusen and an AMD diagnosis but did not find a link between peripheral drusen and severity of AMD.
Sex-specific differences in the growth and population characteristics of Sand crab Ovalipes punctatus (De Haan, 1833) in coastal waters of Korea
Authors: Lee Hyeon Gyu , Jeong Jae Mook , Choi Youn Hee
Published: August 2024

The sex-specific differences in the growth and population characteristics of the high-commercial-value sand crab Ovalipes punctatus were investigated in Korea. The estimated allometric growth between the sexes showed significant differences in all morphometric measurements. In the classification of growth types, carapace width-chela length exhibited positive and negative allometric growth in males and females, respectively. Carapace width-abdominal width showed positive relative growth in both sexes, and orbital spine width exhibited negative relative growth in both sexes. Consequently, sexual dimorphism was evident in all measured traits. Growth parameters estimated using the ELEFAN function of the FiSAT II program indicated higher values in males compared to females. Asymptotic length (CW∞) for males was estimated at 139.2 mm, whereas for females it was 116.6 mm. Additionally, the growth coefficient (K) was higher in males (0.65) than in females (0.54), suggesting faster growth in males. The winter point (WP) was 1 for males and 0.7 for females, indicating slower growth in males during the colder December and slower growth in females during the spawning period in August. The modified von Bertalanffy growth curves indicated asymptotic growth in all sexes, and the growth performance index (φ') showed higher values in males (4.10) compared to females (3.87), reflecting differences in growth curves. The steady increase in recruitment rates from July to September was associated with the appearance of larvae and their subsequent growth into juveniles, leading to their recruitment into the population during this period. Therefore, O. punctatus exhibited sex-specific differences in growth parameters, suggesting distinct growth strategies between the sexes.
Neutrophil-specific interactome of ARHGAP25 reveals novel partners and regulatory insights
Authors: Sasvári Péter , Pettkó-Szandtner Aladár , Wisniewski Éva , Csépányi-Kömi Roland
Published: August 2024

ARHGAP25, a crucial molecule in immunological processes, serves as a Rac-specific GTPase-activating protein. Its role in cell migration and phagocyte functions, affecting the outcome of complex immunological diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, renders it a promising target for drug research. Despite its importance, our knowledge of its intracellular interactions is still limited. This study employed proteomic analysis of glutathione S-transferase (GST)-tag pulldowns and co-immunoprecipitation from neutrophilic granulocyte cell lysate, revealing 76 candidates for potential physical interactions that complement ARHGAP25’s known profile. Notably, four small GTPases (RAC2, RHOG, ARF4, and RAB27A) exhibited high affinity for ARHGAP25. The ARHGAP25–RAC2 and ARHGAP25–RHOG interactions appeared to be affected by the activation state of the small GTPases, suggesting a GTP–GDP cycle-dependent interaction. In silico dimer prediction pinpointed ARHGAP25’s GAP domain as a credible binding interface, suggesting its suitability for GTP hydrolysis. Additionally, a list of Fc receptor-related kinases, phosphatases, and three of the 14-3-3 members were identified as potential partners, with in silico predictions highlighting eight binding sites, presenting novel insight on a potential regulatory mechanism for ARHGAP25.
Enhanced forest fire evacuation planning using real-time sensor and GPS algorithm
Authors: Sharma Vishal , Nagpal Deepali , Monga Suhasini , Almogren Ahmad , Srivastava Durgesh , Altameem Ayman , Choi Jaeyoung
Published: August 2024

Forest fires are the source of countless fatalities and extreme economic repercussions. The safe evacuation of residents of an area affected by forest fires is the highest priority of local authorities, and finding the most optimal course of action has been a primary research focus for years. Previous studies over several decades have attempted to find an optimal solution using the applications of bug navigation systems, road network reconfiguration, graph traversals, swarm optimization, etc. The author, with the motivation to prevent human casualties at the time of such calamity, presents a novel study which solves the problem in nearly linear time computation, surpassing the performance standards of previous research, and accommodates the unpredictability of the spread of forest fires. This includes a proposal of an algorithm which builds upon the application of Spielman and Teng’s Electrical Circuit Approach to solve for maximum flow in a network and implements this with real-time sensor and Global Positioning System input.
Validity and reliability of a finger training tool for assessing metacarpal phalangeal joint ranges of motion in asymptomatic participants
Authors: Kuvijitsuwan P. , Klaphajone J. , Singjai P. , Kumpika T. , Thawinchai N. , Angkurawaranon C. , Aramrat C. , Utarachon K.
Published: August 2024

This pilot study aims to evaluate concurrent validity using the goniometer as a reference tool and test–retest reliability of flexion of metacarpal phalangeal joint (MCP) measurements taken from a finger training device (air-guitar system) in healthy participants. There were ten self -reported asymptomatic participants recruited to test the devices. The measurements of all metacarpophangeal joints of the dominant hands were conducted using a finger goniometer and the air-guitar system. Two measuring sessions were conducted on the same day. The concurrent validity of the air-guitar indicated by strong concordance correlation coefficient (0.62–0.90) with the goniometer and mean difference (approximately 1°) between the two instruments are well below the limit of 5°. The test–retest reliability of MCP measurements from the air-guitar glove (0.82–0.99) was acceptable as a clinically meaningful measurement tool as the intraclass correlation coefficients were higher than 0.7. The standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change of the air-guitar are similar to those of the goniometer. The air-guitar tracking features, when used as a home-based therapy tool, may assist in monitoring change of MCP flexion over a time course with good reliability and strongly associated with the measurements from the goniometer.
Tropical Pacific trends explain the discrepancy between observed and modelled rainfall change over the Americas
Authors: Qiu Weiteng , Collins Matthew , Scaife Adam A. , Santoso Agus
Published: August 2024

Understanding the causes for discrepancies between modelled and observed regional climate trends is important for improving present-day climate simulation and reducing uncertainties in future climate projections. Here, we analyse the performance of coupled climate models in reproducing regional precipitation trends during the satellite era. We find statistically significant observed drying in southwestern North America and wetting in the Amazon during the period 1979–2014. Historical climate model simulations do not capture these observed precipitation trends. We trace this discrepancy to the inability of coupled simulations to capture the observed Pacific trade wind intensification over this period. A linear adjustment of free running historical simulations, based on the observed strengthening of the Pacific trade winds and modeled ENSO teleconnections, explains the discrepancy in precipitation trends. Furthermore, both the Pacific trade wind trends and regional precipitation trends are reproduced in climate simulations with prescribed observed sea surface temperatures (SST), underscoring the role of the tropical Pacific SST patterns.
Quantum-classical separations in shallow-circuit-based learning with and without noises
Authors: Zhang Zhihan , Gong Weiyuan , Li Weikang , Deng Dong-Ling
Published: August 2024

An essential problem in quantum machine learning is to find quantum-classical separations between learning models. However, rigorous and unconditional separations are lacking for supervised learning. Here we construct a classification problem defined by a noiseless constant depth (i.e., shallow) quantum circuit and rigorously prove that any classical neural network with bounded connectivity requires logarithmic depth to output correctly with a larger-than-exponentially-small probability. This unconditional near-optimal quantum-classical representation power separation originates from the quantum nonlocality property that distinguishes quantum circuits from their classical counterparts. We further characterize the noise regimes for demonstrating such a separation on near-term quantum devices under the depolarization noise model. In addition, for quantum devices with constant noise strength, we prove that no super-polynomial classical-quantum separation exists for any classification task defined by Clifford circuits, independent of the structures of the circuits that specify the learning models.
Global 13C tracing and metabolic flux analysis of intact human liver tissue ex vivo
Authors: Grankvist Nina , Jönsson Cecilia , Hedin Karin , Sundqvist Nicolas , Sandström Per , Björnsson Bergthor , Begzati Arjana , Mickols Evgeniya , Artursson Per , Jain Mohit , Cedersund Gunnar , Nilsson Roland
Published: August 2024

Liver metabolism is central to human physiology and influences the pathogenesis of common metabolic diseases. Yet, our understanding of human liver metabolism remains incomplete, with much of current knowledge based on animal or cell culture models that do not fully recapitulate human physiology. Here, we perform in-depth measurement of metabolism in intact human liver tissue ex vivo using global 13C tracing, non-targeted mass spectrometry and model-based metabolic flux analysis. Isotope tracing allowed qualitative assessment of a wide range of metabolic pathways within a single experiment, confirming well-known features of liver metabolism but also revealing unexpected metabolic activities such as de novo creatine synthesis and branched-chain amino acid transamination, where human liver appears to differ from rodent models. Glucose production ex vivo correlated with donor plasma glucose, suggesting that cultured liver tissue retains individual metabolic phenotypes, and could be suppressed by postprandial levels of nutrients and insulin, and also by pharmacological inhibition of glycogen utilization. Isotope tracing ex vivo allows measuring human liver metabolism with great depth and resolution in an experimentally tractable system.
Ribosomal S6 kinase 1 regulates inflammaging via the senescence secretome
Authors: Gallage Suchira , Irvine Elaine E. , Barragan Avila Jose Efren , Reen Virinder , Pedroni Silvia M. A. , Duran Imanol , Ranvir Vikas , Khadayate Sanjay , Pombo Joaquim , Brookes Sharon , Heide Danijela , Dharmalingham Gopuraja , Choudhury Agharul I. , Singh Indrabahadur , Herranz Nicolás , Vernia Santiago , Heikenwalder Mathias , Gil Jesús , Withers Dominic J.
Published: August 2024

Inhibition of S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) extends lifespan and improves healthspan in mice, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Cellular senescence is a stable growth arrest accompanied by an inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Cellular senescence and SASP-mediated chronic inflammation contribute to age-related pathology, but the specific role of S6K1 has not been determined. Here we show that S6K1 deletion does not reduce senescence but ameliorates inflammation in aged mouse livers. Using human and mouse models of senescence, we demonstrate that reduced inflammation is a liver-intrinsic effect associated with S6K deletion. Specifically, we show that S6K1 deletion results in reduced IRF3 activation; impaired production of cytokines, such as IL1β; and reduced immune infiltration. Using either liver-specific or myeloid-specific S6K knockout mice, we also demonstrate that reduced immune infiltration and clearance of senescent cells is a hepatocyte-intrinsic phenomenon. Overall, deletion of S6K reduces inflammation in the liver, suggesting that suppression of the inflammatory SASP by loss of S6K could underlie the beneficial effects of inhibiting this pathway on healthspan and lifespan.
A survey-based, quasi-experimental study assessing a high-cannabidiol suppository for menstrual-related pain and discomfort
Authors: Dahlgren M. Kathryn , Smith Rosemary T. , Kosereisoglu Deniz , Sagar Kelly A. , Lambros Ashley M. , El-Abboud Celine , Gruber Staci A.
Published: August 2024

The endocannabinoid system is involved in gynecological functions, with cannabidiol (CBD) demonstrating promise for alleviating menstrual-related symptoms. This survey-based, quasi-experimental study assessedpro re nata(PRN) use of a commercially-available, hemp-derived, broad-spectrum, high-CBD (100 mg) vaginal suppository (Foria®) for menstrual-related pain and discomfort compared to a treatment-as-usual (TAU) group (CBDn = 77, TAUn = 230), with survey assessments collected at baseline and two monthly follow-ups (~2 menstrual cycles). The CBD group demonstrated significantly reduced frequency and severity of menstrual-related symptoms, impact of symptoms on daily functioning, need for analgesics, and number of analgesics used relative to the TAU group (ps ≤ 0.032). Correlation analyses indicated a potential dose-dependent response, with increased suppository use associated with greater reduction of symptoms (ps ≤ 0.025). Most CBD participants reported at least moderate improvement of symptoms (follow-up 1 = 72.9%, follow-up 2 = 81.1%). Future studies (including replication in randomized clinical trials) assessing pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, mechanism(s) of action, efficacy for other gynecological indications, and potential adverse events (e.g., drug-drug interactions) are indicated.
Preparation and evaluation of Fe3O4@C@NiCo-LDH@CDs composites for magnetic solid-phase extraction of trace endocrine disruptors
Authors: Qin Honglin , Xu Ruozhu , Qiao Lizhen , Zhai Xupeng , Guo Peixin , Li Chen , Han Bingyan
Published: August 2024

The widespread use of endocrine disruptors (EDPs) has certain potential hazards to organisms and environments, and it is particularly important to develop effective pretreatment methods before detection of EDPs in complex samples.
T7 RNA polymerase-mediated rolling circle transcription and the CRISPR-Cas13a cascade reaction for sensitive and specific detection of piRNA
Authors: Dou Yuhao , He Yangui , Zhang He , Yang Mei , Liu Qiong , Ma Wenjie , Fu Xin , Chen Yong
Published: August 2024

Within this investigation, a novel approach was devised employing rolling circle transcription and CRISPR-Cas13a cascade, showcasing exceptional sensitivity and specificity in the detection of piRNA associated with male infertility.
Synthesis and crystal structure of acentric anhydrous beryllium carbonate Be(CO3)
Authors: Spahr Dominik , Bayarjargal Lkhamsuren , Bykova Elena , Bykov Maxim , Reuter Tim H. , Brüning Lukas , Jurzick Pascal L. , Wedek Lena , Milman Victor , Wehinger Björn , Winkler Björn
Published: August 2024

Be(CO3) is an inorganic, acentric carbonate characterized by the presence of BeO4-tetrahedra and [CO3]2− groups. It was synthesized at elevated pressures and temperatures and can be recovered to ambient conditions.
Nickel-based perovskite-catalysed direct phenol-to-aniline liquid-phase transformations
Authors: Ádám Anna Adél , Nagy Sándor Balázs , Kukovecz Ákos , Kónya Zoltán , Sipos Pál , Varga Gábor
Published: August 2024

Liquid phase direct amination of phenols to primary anilines with hydrazine was achieved using commercial NiLa-perovskite catalysts as bifunctional Lewis acid/redox-active catalysts without adding any external hydride sources.
Recent advances in catalytic enantioselective construction of monofluoromethyl-substituted stereocenters
Authors: Li Bo-Jie , Ruan Yu-Long , Zhu Lei , Zhou Jian , Yu Jin-Sheng
Published: August 2024

This feature article comprehensively summarizes the recent advances in catalytic enantioselective construction of monofluoromethyl-substituted stereocenters.
Hybrid materials comprising ferrocene and diaminoborane moieties: linear concatenation versus macrocyclization
Authors: Schneider Johannes S. , Helten Holger
Published: August 2024

The combination of borane and diaminoferrocene monomers results in a treasure chest of macrocycles and linear chains.
Synthesis, chloride-ion diffusion mechanisms, and anisotropic sintering of 2D layered erbium oxychloride nanoplatelets
Authors: Cheng Jingxiang , Udayakantha Malsha , Perez-Beltran Saul , Carrillo Luis , Zaheer Wasif , Zuin Lucia , Banerjee Sarbajit
Published: August 2024

Ligand-passivated ErOCl nanocrystals have been synthesized using a non-hydrolytic sol–gel method. Anisotropic sintering of ErOCl nanocrystals enhances 2D chloride-ion diffusion along the ab plane, yielding a promising candidate for halide batteries.
Fe2O3/ZnO heterojunction for efficient electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia
Authors: Zhao Huilin , Duan Yun , Cheng Xuetao , Fan Chao , Wang Yan-Qin
Published: August 2024

A Fe2O3/ZnO heterojunction electrocatalyst was successfully fabricated, which demonstrates excellent electrochemical performance for nitrate reduction to ammonia in neutral medium and under ambient conditions.
Synthesis, dopant solubility, and thermostructural properties of Ca10.5−xTMx(VO4)7 (TM = Co, Cu) as function of transition metal content
Authors: Rahimi Mosafer Houri S. , Paszkowicz Wojciech , Minikayev Roman , Fitch Andrew , Berkowski Marek
Published: August 2024

Crystal structure and thermal expansion are determined for Ca10.5−xTMx(VO4)7 (TM = Co, Cu) orthovanadates. The observed cation rearrangement with increasing temperature could account for the observed anomalies in the axial ratio and thermal expansion.
A new red phosphor for high time-resolved thermal sensitivity and plant growth
Authors: Bi Yu-Xi , Zhao Dan , Zhang Rui-Juan , Yao Qing-Xia
Published: August 2024

Luminous materials with a rapid lifetime response have garnered significant interest in sensing technology.
A semi-vapor electrolysis technology for hydrogen generation from wide water resources
Authors: Tang Jiayi , Guo Ke , Guan Daqin , Hao Yong , Shao Zongping
Published: August 2024

A semi-vapor electrolysis process is proposed to enable cost-effective co-production of hydrogen and pure water with cheaper electrode materials, eliminating the need for water purification and improving energy efficiency.
Synthesis and characterization of dendritic nonlinear optical chromophores with double donors
Authors: Feng Shuhui , Huang Zhihan , Liu Chuying , Zhang Yu , He Wenlong , Huo Fuyang , Liu Fenggang , Wang Jiahai
Published: August 2024

Based on the same bis(4-piperidine) phenyl derivative donor and two different isolating groups were introduced into the donor and bridge to synthesize two chromophores XY 1-2.
Correction: A zinc–porphyrin–peptide conjugate via “click-chemistry”: synthesis and amyloid-β interaction
Authors: Tosto Rita , Zimbone Stefania , Di Natale Giuseppe , Giuffrida Maria Laura , Campagna Tiziana , Pappalardo Giuseppe , Sabatino Giuseppina
Published: August 2024

Correction for ‘A zinc–porphyrin–peptide conjugate via “click-chemistry”: synthesis and amyloid-β interaction’ by Rita Tosto et al., New J. Chem., 2024, 48, 13010–13020, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4NJ02162B.
Lipid nanoparticles for enhancing oral bioavailability
Authors: Gangavarapu Anushareddy , Tapia-Lopez Lillian V. , Sarkar Barnali , Pena-Zacarias Jaqueline , Badruddoza Abu Zayed Md , Nurunnabi Md
Published: August 2024

In recent studies, lipid nanoparticles have attracted attention as drug delivery systems owing to their preeminent potential in achieving the desired bioavailability of biopharmaceutics (BCS) class II and class IV drugs.
CuCo2S4 nanoparticles synthesized via a thermal decomposition approach: evaluation of their potential as peroxidase mimics
Authors: Khera Nainy , Jeevanandam Pethaiyan
Published: August 2024

This work reports the synthesis of CuCo2S4 nanoparticles by a thermal decomposition method. The nanoparticles were explored as catalyst for their peroxidase-like activity towards the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′ tetramethylbenzidine with good efficiency.
Calixarene-coated gold nanorods as robust photothermal agents
Authors: Lepeintre Victor , Camerel Franck , Lagrost Corinne , Retout Maurice , Bruylants Gilles , Jabin Ivan
Published: August 2024

Promising photothermal agents consisting of ultra-stable gold nanorods functionalized with an innovative calix[4]arene-based coating have been developed.
All-optical switching based on spatial self-phase modulation of Ag/violet phosphorus heterojunctions
Authors: Gao Yang , Ling Cheng , Weng Danyi , Rui Guanghao , He Jun , Cui Qiannan , Xu Chunxiang , Gu Bing
Published: August 2024

We have demonstrated that the nonlinear optical effect of Ag/VP heterojunctions is stronger than that of VP Ns using SSPM. Furthermore, we have investigated the physical mechanism and all-optical switching performance of Ag/VP heterojunctions.
Photocatalytic radical cyclization of N-(o-cyanobiaryl)acrylamides with oxime esters
Authors: Liu Yu , Li Shun-Dan , Fan Jian-Hong
Published: August 2024

A visible-light-mediated radical cascade cyclization of N-(o-cyanobiaryl)acrylamides with oxime esters for the assembly of acyl-containing pyrido[4,3,2-gh]phenanthridines has been developed.
Improving reproducibility through condition-based sensitivity assessments: application, advancement and prospect
Authors: Schäfer Felix , Lückemeier Lukas , Glorius Frank
Published: August 2024

The fluctuating reproducibility of scientific reports presents a well-recognised issue, frequently stemming from insufficient standardisation, transparency and a lack of information in scientific publications.
Musketeer: a software tool for the analysis of titration data
Authors: Soloviev Daniil O. , Hunter Christopher A.
Published: August 2024

Musketeer is a versatile open-source software tool that can be used for the analysis of data from a range of different types of titration experiment, with no constraints on the spectroscopic technique or the complexity of the binding isotherm.
Photoresponsive hydrogel friction
Authors: Chau Allison L. , Karnaukh Kseniia M. , Maskiewicz Ian , Read de Alaniz Javier , Pitenis Angela A.
Published: August 2024

Photoresponsive hydrogels exhibit changes in their tribological, mechanical, and swelling behavior in response to light.
Speech Production Errors in Children With Cleft Palate With or Without Cleft Lip
Authors: Lien Kari M. , Scherer Nancy J. , Cordero Kelly Nett , Sitzman Thomas J.
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to describe the frequency of speech production errors in children with cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CP±L) and explore characteristics related to speech production errors.

Method:

Fifty-six children with nonsyndromic CP±L between the ages of 4;0 and 7;11 (years;months) were included in this study. The children's audio-recorded production of a sentence repetition task was transcribed using narrow transcription and coded for speech error type.

Results:

Children used, on average, 18 speech errors during the sentence repetition task that sampled 59 phoneme targets. On average, phonological errors were used most frequently, with nine errors per sample, followed by anterior oral speech errors at four errors per sample, and non-oral compensatory errors at three errors per sample. Individual-level characteristics including age and cleft type were related to frequency of phonological errors and anterior oral speech errors, respectively. One treatment-level characteristic, hypernasality, was related to use of non-oral compensatory errors and passive speech errors.

Conclusions:

This study identified the most frequent speech production errors as phonological errors, followed by anterior oral speech errors and non-oral compensatory errors. Individual-level and treatment-level characteristics were related to speech production errors. Future research should explore additional characteristics that may influence use of speech production errors. Clinically, this study adds information regarding speech error types that should be monitored throughout cleft care, including phonological errors that were most prevalent among this sample.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.22044095
Observer‐based adaptive control of vehicle platoon with uncertainty and input constraints
Authors: Lin Shengping , Liu Lei
Published: August 2024

This study focuses on the highway platoon driving mode and proposes a distributed adaptive control algorithm based on an observer. Firstly, the adaptive observer is designed to compensate for the effect of unknown driving resistance and thus enhance the adaptation ability of the system to uncertainty. Secondly, an auxiliary system is introduced to specifically address actuator saturation constraints, ensuring the stability of the platoon driving in extreme conditions. Lastly, combining an event‐triggered mechanism, a control strategy is designed to achieve the stability of the entire platoon while maximizing the conservation of communication resources. The algorithm's viability and efficiency are confirmed through simulation outcomes.
Impact analysis on distribution network due to coordinated electric ferry charging
Authors: Roy Rajib Baran , Alahakoon Sanath , Rensburg Piet Janse Van , Arachchillage Shantha Jayasinghe
Published: August 2024

The maritime industry is a significant emitter of greenhouse gases in marine ecosystems, prompting a global shift towards renewable‐powered electric vessels, where energy storage is pivotal. The authors examine the potential ramifications of coordinating the charging of Electric Ferries (EFs) on local distribution networks, with Gladstone Marina in Queensland, Australia, serving as a case study. Employing OpenDSS software for power flow analysis, the authors utilise actual load data and simulate a network with four Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) representing proposed charging stations. The authors discuss the impact on bus voltage, load current, and power flow by integrating a storage controller to optimise BESS charging and discharging dynamics. The Dynamic Link Library (DLL) of MATLAB Simulink‐based BESS's dynamic model is linked with OpenDSS environment to replicate the actual electric ferry storage. Additionally, a user‐written DLL in Python regulates BESS charging and discharging by the storage controller according to load demand and BESS State of Charge for ensuring efficient operation within the network. The power flow results without inclusion of BESSs to the network, referred to as the base case, are used for relative comparison with the results in the coordinated mode. The power flow analysis suggests that bus voltages rise by approximately 1%–1.5%, while load current consumption decreases by around 2%–2.5% compared to the base case with variable load. Selected lines and transformers maintain consistent power flows. Notably, a reduction in total power consumption and losses is observed, particularly under an 80% load demand increase. These findings indicate that the coordinated mode with a storage controller effectively manages BESS charging and discharging according to demand. Moreover, the storage controller ensures system parameters remain within permissible limits. The support of real and reactive power by BESSs during peak hours validates their role as peak shavers for the test network, suggesting that EFs can operate in either Grid to Ferry mode during charging and Ferry to Grid mode during discharging.
A family of interleaved isolated three‐level DC/DC converters
Authors: Ai Jian , Yang Xianbin , Shen Yehao , Ni Hanjie , Bi Kaitao , Fan Qigao
Published: August 2024

This paper proposes a family of bipolar step‐up cells (BSUCs). Additionally, a family of interleaved parallel isolated high‐gain DC/DC converters with bipolar outputs based on the BSUCs is proposed. Using one of these converters as an example, it is demonstrated that the converter inherits the advantages of DC three‐level characteristics, resulting in low component voltage stress and low output voltage ripple. Moreover, the converter features a low input current ripple, electrical isolation, bipolar outputs, high voltage gain and operates both switches and diodes in a soft‐switching state. Furthermore, the neutral point of the bipolar outputs in this converter possesses self‐balancing characteristics, effectively mitigating the impact of parasitic parameters on voltage balance. Even with a significant deviation of the duty cycles in the main switches, the influence on the neutral point voltage balance remains very slight. Besides, to address the difficulty of accurately calculating output voltage ripple using traditional methods, a voltage ripple calculation method based on linearizing the charging of the output capacitor is proposed, characterized by its high accuracy and simplicity in the calculation process. Finally, an experimental prototype is established to verify the performance of the proposed converter.
Capacity market in the decarbonization era: Adequacy, flexibility, and environmental revenue
Authors: Li Chaojie , Jiang Youquan , Dai Jiang , Guo Ruyue , Zhang Ying , Tian Shijin , Peng Siran
Published: August 2024

With the increasing penetration rate of renewable energy in the power system, it becomes increasingly important to coordinate adequacy, flexibility, and environmental protection. The development of the power market provides diverse signals for power investors and plays an increasingly significant role in the decarbonization of the power system. However, due to the interdependent operations of various power markets, measuring the multifaceted value of power generation within traditional market mechanisms poses considerable challenges. Herein, a bi‐level optimization model is proposed to integrate the capacity remuneration mechanism (CRM), energy market (EM), and carbon emission trading (CET). The adequacy, flexibility, and environmental revenue expectations of different generation resources through synergistic transactions are derived using Lagrange multipliers. Furthermore, the bilevel optimization model is converted to its equivalent single‐level scheme based on the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker optimality conditions. Finally, several case studies are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model, along with comparisons and sensitivity analyses to study the principles behind synergistic transactions and the impact of some key parameters.
Spin-orbit alignment in very low mass tight binaries: results for the 2MASS J0746425+200032AB and 2MASS J1314203+132001AB systems using spectroscopic and optically derived rotational estimates
Authors: Dulaimi S. , Boyle R. P. , Fitzgerald K. , Butler R. F. , Golden A.
Published: August 2024

Context. Constraining the coplanarity status of very low mass (VLM) tight binary systems provides valuable information towards understanding the dominant mechanisms in star and planetary formation at the lower end of the initial mass function.

Aims. We sought to constrain the v sin i degeneracies of two nearby tight VLM binary systems, 2MASS J0746+20AB and 2MASS J1314+13AB, by independently determining each companion’s rotational period and so characterize each system’s spin-orbit alignment.

Methods. Long observational baseline high cadence I band photometry data were obtained for both systems using the Galway Ultra Fast Imager (GUFI) on the Mount Graham International Observatory’s Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope. Previously known rotational periods determined in other passbands were used as a basis for recovering additional periodic modulations in the time-series data.

Results. Using the known rotational period of 3.32 hours for 2MASS J0746425+200032A, we recovered an underlying periodic modulation of 2.14 ± 0.11 hours, which we associate with 2MASS J0746425+200032B. Breaking each components’ v sin i corresponds to equatorial inclination angles of 32 ± 4 degrees and 37 ± 4 degrees for components A & B respectively. We recover a weaker 2.06 ± 0.05 hours modulation separate from the known 3.79 hour signature for J1314203+132001B, which we associate with J1314203+132001A. We place a lower limit on J1314203+132001A’s equatorial inclination angle to be in the range of 24.5−3+3.5 degrees, which deviates from the system’s orbital plane previously determined to be 49.34−0.23+0.28 degrees.

Conclusions. We confirm long term, consistent periodic modulations from both binary systems and report the first definitive rotational period for J1314203+132001A of 2.06 ± 0.05 hours, in addition to coplanarity to within 10 degrees in the spin-orbit alignment of the 2MASS J0746425+200032AB system. The lack of separate v sin i values for the 2MASS J1314203+132001AB system limits a definitive assessment but best estimates suggest coplanarity to be unlikely.
Exploring the links between quasar winds and radio emission along the main sequence at high redshift
Authors: Deconto-Machado A. , del Olmo A. , Marziani P.
Published: August 2024

Context. Despite the increasing prevalence of radio-loud (RL) sources at cosmic noon, our understanding of the underlying physics that governs the accretion disc outflows in these particular sources and its dissimilarity with radio-quiet (RQ) quasars remains somewhat limited.

Aims. Disentangling the real impact of the radio-loudness and accretion on the outflow parameters remains a challenge to this day. We present ten new spectra of high-redshift and high-luminosity quasars and combine these with previous data at both high and low redshift with the aim being to evaluate the role of the feedback from RL and RQ AGN. The final high-redshift (1.5 ≲ z ≲ 3.9), high-luminosity (47.1 ≤ log(L) ≤ 48.5) sample consists of a combination of 60 quasars from our ISAAC and the Hamburg-ESO surveys. The low-redshift (z ≤ 0.8) sample has 84 quasars that have been analyzed in the optical and with the Faint Object Spectrograph (FOS) data in the UV.

Methods. We perform a multicomponent analysis of optical and UV emission line profiles along the quasar main sequence, and provide a relation that can be used to estimate the main outflow parameters (mass rate, thrust, and kinetic power) in both the BLR and NLR through the analysis of the [O III]λ5007 and C IVλ1549 emission lines.

Results. Spectrophotometric properties and line profile measurements are presented for Hβ+[O III]λλ4959,5007, Si IVλ1397+O IV]λ1402, C IVλ1549+He IIλ1640, and the 1900 Å blend. High-ionization lines, such as C IVλ1549 and [O III]λ5007, usually present a significant asymmetry toward the blue, especially in radio-quiet sources. This is strong evidence of outflow motions. In the ISAAC sample, 72% of the quasars where [O III] is clearly detected present significant outflows, with centroid velocity at half intensity blueshifted to values of greater than ∼250 km s−1. Radio-loud quasars tend to present slightly more modest blueshifted components in both the UV and optical ranges. The behavior of [O III]λ5007 mirrors that of C IVλ1549, with blueshift amplitudes between the two lines showing a high degree of correlation, which appears unaffected by the presence of radio emission.

Conclusions. In contrast to the situation at low redshift, both RL and RQ AGN outflow parameters at high luminosity appear in the range needed to provide feedback effects on their host galaxies. Both high- and low-z RL quasars exhibit smaller outflows compared to RQ quasars, suggesting a potential role of radio-loudness in mitigating outflow effects. Nevertheless, the radio-loudness effect on AGN feedback is much less significant than the effect of accretion, with this latter emerging as the main driver of nuclear outflows.
Protostellar spin-up and fast rotator formation through binary star formation
Authors: Kuruwita Rajika L. , Federrath Christoph , Kounkel Marina
Published: August 2024

Context. Many fast-rotating stars (rotation periods of < 2 days) are found to be unresolved binaries with separations of tens of AU. This correlation between fast rotators and binarity leads to the question of whether the formation of binary stars inherently produces fast rotators.

Aims. Our goal is to understand the spin evolution of protostars and whether the formation of companions plays a role in spinning up stars.

Methods. We used magneto-hydrodynamic simulations to study the formation of multiple star systems from turbulent and non-turbulent protostellar cores. We tracked the angular momentum accreted by individual star and inner disc systems by using a sink (star) particle technique. We ran a resolution study to extrapolate protostellar properties.

Results. We find in all simulations that the primary star can experience a spin-up event correlated with the formation of companions, namely fragmentation into binaries or higher-order systems. The primary star can spin up by up to 84% of its pre-fragmentation angular momentum and by up to 18% of its pre-fragmentation mass-specific angular momentum. The mechanism for the spin-up is gravitational disc instabilities in the circumstellar disc around the primary star, which leads to the accretion of material with high specific angular momentum. The simulations that experience the strongest disc instabilities fragment to form companions. Simulations with weaker spin-up events experience disc instabilities triggered by a companion flyby, and the disc instability in these cases typically does not produce further fragments (i.e. they remain binary systems).

Conclusions. The primary star in multiple star systems can end up with a higher spin than single stars. This is because gravitational instabilities in the circumstellar disc around the primary star can trigger a spin-up event. In the strongest spin-up events, the instability is likely to cause disc fragmentation and the formation of companions. This spin-up mechanism, coupled with shorter disc lifetimes due to truncated circumstellar discs (and thus short spin-down times), may help produce fast rotators.