bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thoughts about the utility of perturbative QCD in the cores of neutron stars – contribution to a roundtable discussion on neutron stars and QCD
Authors: Kurkela Aleksi
Published: December 2022

In this contribution, I discuss the utility that perturbative QCD offers in studying the matter in the cores of neutron stars. I discuss the reasons why perturbative QCD can constrain the equation of state at densities far below the densities where we can perform controlled calculations. I discuss how perturbative QCD can inform nuclear modelling of neutron stars and how it influences equation-of-state inference. And finally, I discuss the implications to the QCD phase diagram and argue that interesting features in the equation of state revealed by the QCD input may be used to argue for the existence of quark-matter cores in most massive neutron stars.
How does dark matter affect compact star properties and high density constraints of strongly interacting matter
Authors: Sagun Violetta , Giangrandi Edoardo , Ivanytskyi Oleksii , Providência Constança , Dietrich Tim
Published: December 2022

We study the impact of asymmetric bosonic dark matter on neutron star properties, including possible changes of tidal deformability, maximum mass, radius, and matter distribution inside the star. The conditions at which dark matter particles tend to condensate in the star’s core or create an extended halo are presented. We show that dark matter condensed in a core leads to a decrease of the total gravitational mass and tidal deformability compared to a pure baryonic star, which we will perceive as an effective softening of the equation of state. On the other hand, the presence of a dark matter halo increases those observable quantities. Thus, observational data on compact stars could be affected by accumulated dark matter and, consequently, constraints we put on strongly interacting matter at high densities. To confirm the presence of dark matter in the compact star’s interior, and to break the degeneracy between the effect of accumulated dark matter and strongly interacting matter properties at high densities, several astrophysical and GW tests are proposed.
Special point "trains" in the M-R diagram of hybrid stars
Authors: Blaschke David , Ayriyan Alexander , Cierniak Mateusz , Grunfeld Ana Gabriela , Ivanytskyi Oleksii , Shahrbaf Mahboubeh
Published: December 2022

We present a systematic investigation of the possible locations for the special point (SP), a unique feature of hybrid neutron stars in the massradius diagram. The study is performed within the two-phase approach where the high-density (quark matter) phase is described by the covariant nonlocal Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (nlNJL) model equation of state (EOS) which is shown to be equivalent to a constant-sound-speed (CSS) EOS. For the nuclear matter phase around saturation density different relativistic density functional EOSs are used: DD2p00, its excluded-volume modification DD2p40 and the hypernuclear EOS DD2Y-T. In the present contribution we apply the Maxwell construction scheme for the deconfinement transition and demonstrate that a simultaneous variation of the vector and diquark coupling constants results in the occurrence of SP "trains" which are invariant against changing the nuclear matter EOS. We propose that the SP train corresponding to a variation of the diquark coupling at constant vector coupling is special since it serves as a lower bound for the line of maximum masses and accessible radii of massive hybrid stars.
Progress applying density of states for gravitational waves
Authors: Springer Felix , Schaich David
Published: December 2022

Many models of composite dark matter feature a first-order confinement transition in the early Universe, which would produce a stochastic background of gravitational waves that will be searched for by future gravitationalwave observatories. We present work in progress using lattice field theory to predict the properties of such first-order transitions. Targeting SU(N) Yang– Mills theories, this work employs the Logarithmic Linear Relaxation (LLR) density of states algorithm to avoid super-critical slowing down at the transition.
Intercondylar Notch Pathology
Authors: Crouser Nisha , Wright Jonathan , DiBartola Alex , Flanigan David , Duerr Robert
Published: December 2022

The intercondylar notch of the knee is a relatively small area. However, numerous rare pathologies can arise in this region. A majority of the existing literature has focused on the cruciate ligament injuries, yet there are several other entities that can cause knee pain from within the intercondylar notch. This review focuses on identifying the various diagnostic and treatment options for rare benign and malignant lesions including ganglion cyst formation, mucoid degeneration, benign proliferative conditions, and intra-articular tumors. These entities are most often diagnosed with advanced imaging studies and treated arthroscopically. While rare, these pathologies are important to identify in patients with ongoing vague knee pain.
Webcam Use in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit during the First Year of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Authors: Mangla Shubham , Stolfi Adrienne , Jasin Lisa , Yamashita Izumi , Bader Greg , Howard Savana , Omoloja Abiodun
Published: December 2022

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate patterns of webcam use in families of patients admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) during the first year of the pandemic and characterize the families who used the technology.

Study Design Retrospective chart review of the medical records and logins of our live webcam system was conducted for 2020.

Results From January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020, 843 infants were admitted to the NICU, with lengths of stay range of 1 to 169 days. More than half (n = 496, 58.8%) of all families of infants admitted to the NICU used the webcam system during the period of study. The number of webcam users did not change between the pre-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and during COVID-19 time periods, or during versus after NICU visitor restrictions. Among webcam users, the median (interquartile range) number of logins per day was 2.9 (2.9) and ranged from 0 to 44. There were significant differences among races, site of admission, and diagnosis groups. Families of White infants had more frequent use compared with families of Black infants. Families of infants admitted for surgical reasons had more frequent use compared with those admitted for medical reasons. Among 284 of the 496 (57.3%) webcam users, we documented logins from 37 states in the United States and from 10 different countries.

Conclusion Webcam use is common in the NICU. There was no increase in webcam use within the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in the NICU. More studies are needed to evaluate how this technology is used in the NICU and its impact on patients and families.

Key Points
Acute Effects of Low-intensity Isometric Exercise at Long and Short
Muscle-tendon Unit Lengths
Authors: Nakao Sayaka , Ikezoe Tome , Motomura Yoshiki , Hirono Tetsuya , Ichihashi Noriaki
Published: December 2022

Low-intensity training at long muscle-tendon unit lengths with a greater passive
force may cause muscle swelling, which may be related to hypertrophy, even if
the active force production is lower than that at short muscle-tendon unit
lengths. This study compared muscle swelling after low-intensity torque-matched
isometric exercises at long and short muscle-tendon unit lengths. Twenty-six
volunteers performed isometric knee flexion exercises (30% of maximal
voluntary contraction× 5 seconds×10
repetitions×9 sets) either at long or short lengths of the hamstrings
(90° hip flexion and 30° knee flexion, or 90° hip and
knee flexion, respectively). Active torque was calculated by subtracting passive
torque from the total torque generated during exercise. Swelling-induced changes
in cross-sectional area was assessed before and after exercise using
ultrasonography. There was no between-group difference in the total torque
during exercise; however, the active torque was significantly lower in the group
trained at long than in the group trained at short muscle-tendon unit lengths.
Muscle swelling occurred in both groups. The results suggest that exercise at
long muscle-tendon unit lengths can cause similar muscle swelling as exercise at
short muscle-tendon unit lengths, even in cases where active torque production
is lower than that at short lengths.
Synthesis of N-Acylsulfenamides from Amides and N-Thiosuccinimides
Authors: Liu Jessica T. , Brandes Daniel S. , Ellman Jonathan A. , Greenwood Nathaniel S.
Published: December 2022

Herein is reported a robust and general method for the preparation of N-acylsulfenamides, important functionalities that have recently been utilized as central inputs for the asymmetric synthesis of high oxidation state sulfur compounds. This straightforward transformation proceeds by reaction of primary amides, carbamates, sulfonamides, sulfinamides, and ureas with stable N-thiosuccinimides or N-thiophthalimides, which in turn are prepared in a single step from commercial thiols. The use of stable N-thiosuccinimide and N-thiophthalimide reactants is desirable because it obviates the use of highly reactive sulfenyl chlorides.
A Clinical Overview of Anorexia Nervosa and Overcoming Treatment Resistance
Authors: Nagy Hassan , Paul Tanya , Jain Esha , Loh Hanyou , Kazmi Syeda Hafsa , Dua Rishbha , Rodriguez Ricardo , Naqvi Syed Ali Abbas , U. Metu Chiamaka , Bidika Erjola
Published: December 2022

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a type of eating disorder that has been increasing in incidence and has been encountered more commonly by physicians in their daily practice. Both environmental and genetic risk factors paired along with a more susceptible neurobiology are at play in the emerging resistance to treatment in AN. Preoccupations with intense fear of weight gain, dietary restrictions, excessive exercise, and how the individual is perceived by society mixed with underlying psychopathology all further add to the issue. Many patients who fall into this cycle of obsessive and restrictive patterns refuse to get treatment. As clinicians, it is essential we recognize the early signs of both eating disorders during the initial primary care appointments.

To review the literature on the etiology of AN, possible misdiagnosis leading to inappropriate management of this condition, and understand the treatment-resistant AN and its management. Additionally, it will explore possible reasons that contribute to the resistance to treatment, the underlying psychopathology of anorexics, its genetic predisposition, psychiatric comorbidities, identification of the early signs and symptoms, and timely prevention.

Early recognition by a physician includes a thorough history and physical examination, pertinent laboratory, and electrolyte studies, and identifying comorbid psychiatric conditions. The treatment of AN is intricate and requires a holistic approach. Treatment includes multiple modalities such as nutritional rehabilitation and psychosocial and pharmacological therapies. An interdisciplinary team of medical professionals for managing chronic AN is recommended.
Dual Venous Drainage for the Free Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Flap—Using the Serratus Vein Tributary—Making Virtue of a Necessity
Authors: Ravula Parvati , Rayidi Venkata Koteswararao , Nambi Muni Roopesh Kumar , Rangachari Srikanth , Bathini Asha Deepthi
Published: December 2022

Background Most flap failures in the lower limb are on account of venous congestion. Literature shows a decrease in the incidence of venous failure when two veins are anastomosed. The thoracodorsal pedicle of the latissimus dorsi free flap affords the possibility of a single venous anastomosis. The lack of a second venous outflow could result in venous congestion in the distal limits of the flap, particularly when long flaps are required for large defects or when the recipient veins are smaller in diameter.

Methods We describe a consecutive series of 11 cases of latissimus dorsi flaps for leg and foot defects with a mean defect size of 310 cm2, where the serratus anterior vein was used as a second venous outflow channel to ensure maximal venous drainage.

Results There were no re-explorations for anastomotic causes. Only one case had partial distal muscle necrosis. There was a delayed anastomotic blowout due to infection resulting in amputation in one case. There was no partial distal muscle necrosis in nine of the ten cases.

Conclusion Using the serratus vein as a second venous outflow is of use in reducing incidence of venous occlusion and distal muscle necrosis and can be specially indicated for large flaps and venous diameter discrepancy.
The Role of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Reducing Pain, Pruritis, and Improving Wound Healing of Skin Graft Donor Site
Authors: Ali Sheikh Sarfraz , Ahmad Imran , Khurram Mohammed Fahud , Chaudhury Gautam , Karad Somnath , Tripathi Sudanshu , Sharma Aditi
Published: December 2022

Background Wound healing is a dynamic and complex process. Therefore, no single agent can efficiently mediate all aspects of the wound healing process. Split-thickness graft has become a workhorse of plastic surgery for wound or raw area cover. In this study, we evaluate the effectiveness of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the donor site and its effect in pain, purities, and epithelization.

Materials and Methods This is a prospective study. A total of 15 patients were included who underwent split skin grafting for burns, trauma, or post-tumor excision raw area. PRP was prepared using standard described procedure. The donor site raw area after harvesting split-thickness graft was measured and the surface area was divided into two equal halves. One half was dressed using PRP and the other half was dressed using paraffin gauze piece only. The dressings were changed weekly for 3 weeks.

Observation We found significant reduction in severity of pain and pruritis in the PRP group as compared with control group. Epithelization was faster in the PRP group on day 7 and 14, but the overall healing time was nearly the same by day 21. The side-by-side dressing thus show a definite improvement in the post-split-thickness skin graft wound care and PRP as a good dressing alternative.

Conclusion Autologous PRP is very effective adjuvant in management of skin graft donor site. Its role in relieving pain and pruritis over donor site significantly improves patient's discomfort postoperatively. It helps in early and painless wound healing. However, we recommend for larger clinical study for better understanding of the efficacy of this blood product.
A Prospective Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of Chitosan Hydrogel Paste in Comparison to Commercial Hydroactive Gel as a Wound Bed Preparation
Authors: Nasir Nur Azida Mohd , Saad Arman Zaharil Mat , Bachok Nor Sa'adah , Rashid Ahmad Hazri Ab , Ujang Zanariah , Noorsal Kartini , Yusof Norimah , Hashim Kamaruddin , Nor Fatimah Mohd , Imran Farrah-Hani , Yusof Nazri Mohd , Sharifudin Mohd Ariff , Halim Ahmad Sukari
Published: December 2022

abstract

Background This clinical trial aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of chitosan derivative hydrogel paste (CDHP) as a wound bed preparation for wounds with cavities.

Methods This study enrolled 287 patients, with 143 patients randomized into the CDHP group (treatment) and 144 patients randomized into the commercial hydroactive gel (CHG) group (control). The granulation tissue, necrotic tissue, patient comfort, clinical signs, symptoms, and patient convenience during the application and removal of the dressing were assessed.

Results The study was completed by 111 and 105 patients from the treatment and control groups, respectively. Both groups showed an increasing mean percentage of wound granulation over time when the initial wound size and comorbidity were adjusted (F(10,198) = 4.61; p < 0.001), but no significant difference was found between the groups (F(1,207) = 0.043; p = 0.953). The adjusted mean percentage of necrotic tissue of both groups showed a significant decrease over time (F(10,235) = 5.65; p <0.001), but no significant differences were found between the groups (F (1,244) = 0.487; p = 0.486).

Conclusion CDHP is equivalent to CHG and is an alternative in wound management and wound bed preparation for wounds with cavities.
Facial Scar Management by Hair Transplant: A Case Report
Authors: Khare Nishant , Kothari Ankit , Ghorawat Aditi Bardia
Published: December 2022

Facial scars in hair-bearing areas are a difficult problem to deal with owing to the nature of the scar tissue and the poor survivability of the grafts. A 26-year-old male presented with a scar on the right cheek area. The patient complained of recurrence and widening of scar and resultant facial asymmetry after serial excision in another hospital. The scar was the result of a burn injury sustained 15 years back. The scar was managed by using 2,642 hair grafts harvested from the scalp area. The patient had excellent hair growth at the end of 1 year with a high satisfaction level. There was a visible improvement in the lip deviation. Restoration of hair in the hair-bearing region of the face may be considered a permanent single-stage solution in such patients.
Clinical Phenotype of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis before and during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Authors: Rodríguez-Fernández Rosa , González-Martínez Felipe , Perez-Moreno Jimena , González-Sánchez María Isabel , de la Mata Navazo Sara , Toledo del Castillo Blanca , Saavedra Lozano Jesus , Voltas Espinosa Lucia , Manso Perez Sara , Miñarro Berlanga María , Mejias Asuncion , Ramilo Octavio
Published: December 2022

Objective The main objective of this report was to comprehensively analyze the clinical characteristics of children hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in 2021 during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to compare them with those in the five previous RSV seasons. We hypothesized that the clinical and demographic features of children hospitalized with RSV infection in 2021 were different from those hospitalized in previous respiratory seasons.

Study Design In this retrospective observational study, children younger than 2 years hospitalized with RSV bronchiolitis from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2021, at the Department of Pediatrics of the Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain, were included. We compared the clinical characteristics of children hospitalized with RSV bronchiolitis in the five seasons before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the subsequent off-seasonal surge of RSV infections.

Results We found a significant reduction in hospitalizations for RSV bronchiolitis during the usual winter epidemic period due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Children hospitalized with RSV infection in 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic, were older than children hospitalized in the prepandemic period (2015–2020; 4.0 [1.6–9.2] vs. 3 [1.5–6.5] months; p < 0.01). We also found shorter duration of oxygen days during the COVID-19 period compared with previous respiratory seasons (3 [2–5] vs. 4 [2–6] days; p = 0.02).

Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic modified the RSV seasonality with a significant reduction in RSV hospitalizations during the expected 2020–2021 season and a reappearance of RSV 7 months later than expected. We also found changes in the median age of children with RSV bronchiolitis during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic compared with the prepandemic RSV seasons and shorter duration of oxygen days suggesting a modest reduction in disease severity. We hypothesize that this observation reflects the lack of RSV circulation in the previous months (April 2020-March 2021), with a larger pool of vulnerable infants that had not been previously infected.

Key Points
Difference between Capillary Blood Glucose of Free Flap and the Patient: A Novel Objective Marker of Free Flap Vascular Compromise during Postoperative Monitoring
Authors: Chakraborty Sourabh Shankar , Sahu Ranjit Kumar , Midya Manojit , Malhotra Anjana , Goel Akhil Dhanesh , Pundhir Ashish , Acharya Sudeshna
Published: December 2022

Background Defining cut-off values of flap glucose levels in diagnosing free flap vascular compromise, without taking patients' glucose levels into account, does not hold good in all circumstances, especially in cases of high fluctuations in patients' capillary blood glucose and in diabetic patients. The aim of our study was to establish the role of capillary blood glucose measurements of the flap in relation to patients' fingertip, as an objective tool for postoperative free flap monitoring.

Methods A total of 76 free flaps underwent postoperative monitoring with reference test (clinical parameters) and simultaneously with our index test (difference between capillary blood glucose of free flap and the patient), in non-diabetic and diabetic patients. Patients' demography and flap characteristics were also recorded. An ROC curve was plotted to determine diagnostic accuracy and cut-offs of the index test in diagnosing free flap vascular compromise.

Results Our Index test has a cut-off value of 24.5 mg/dL with 68.75% sensitivity and 93% specificity, with an accuracy of 91.54%.

Conclusion The difference between capillary blood glucose of free flap and the patient is simple, feasible, and inexpensive, and can be done by any health care professional and does not require any specialized facilities or training. It has an excellent diagnostic accuracy to detect impending free flap vascular compromise, especially in non-diabetics. Although in diabetics, this test becomes less accurate. Being an observer-independent objective test, the difference in capillary blood glucose of patient and flap measurement can be used as a highly reliable tool for postoperative free flap monitoring.
The Noninvasive Evaluation for Minimally Invasive Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery (MIPES): A Multimodal Exploration of the Localization-Based Hypothesis
Authors: Mohanty Deepankar , Quach Michael
Published: December 2022

Minimally invasive pediatric epilepsy surgery (MIPES) is a rising technique in the management of focal-onset drug-refractory epilepsy. Minimally invasive surgical techniques are based on small, focal interventions (such as parenchymal ablation or localized neuromodulation) leading to elimination of the seizure onset zone or interruption of the larger epileptic network. Precise localization of the seizure onset zone, demarcation of eloquent cortex, and mapping of the network leading to seizure propagation are required to achieve optimal outcomes. The toolbox for presurgical, noninvasive evaluation of focal epilepsy continues to expand rapidly, with a variety of options based on advanced imaging and electrophysiology. In this article, we will examine several of these diagnostic modalities from the standpoint of MIPES and discuss how each can contribute to the development of a localization-based hypothesis for potential surgical targets.
Correlation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Neurography) and Electrodiagnostic Study Findings with Intraoperative Findings in Post Traumatic Brachial Plexus Palsy
Authors: Patel Neehar R. , Takwale Anupam B. , Mansukhani K.A , Jaggi Sunila , Thatte Mukund R.
Published: December 2022

Background The majority of brachial plexus injuries (BPIs) are caused by trauma; most commonly due to two-wheeler road accidents. It is important to determine whether the lesion in question is pre-ganglionic or post-ganglionic for purposes of surgical planning and prognosis. Diagnostic testing helps the surgeon to not only decide whether surgical intervention is required, but also in planning the procedure, thereby maximizing the patient's chances of early return to function. The aim of the study was to determine the diagnostic efficacy of electrodiagnostic studies (Edx) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) individually, and in unison, in detecting the type and site of BPI by comparison with intraoperative findings (which were used as the reference standard) in patients with posttraumatic BPI.

Methods It is an observational cross-sectional prospective randomized study, wherein 48 patients with BPI underwent a detailed clinical and neurological examination of the upper limb, Edx, MRI neurography and were subsequently operated upon. We assessed a total of 240 roots. The diagnosis of all spinal roots was noted on Edx. MRI was performed to look for root avulsion, pseudomeningocoele, and/or rupture injury. The patients were subsequently operated upon. All roots were traced from infraclavicular level right up to the foramen to ensure continuity of root or note rupture/ avulsion. The findings were tabulated.

Results MRI accurately diagnosed 138 of the 147 injured roots and MRI sensitivity for the detection of BPI was 93.88%, whereas Edx correctly identified 146 out of 147 injured roots and thus, had sensitivity of 99.32%; however, both lacked specificity (18.28 and 20.43%, respectively). With Edx and MRI in unison, sensitivity was 100% which meant that if a given patient with a BPI is subjected to both tests, not a single abnormal root will go unnoticed.

Conclusion Edx and MRI are two highly sensitive investigation modalities whose combined sensitivity is 100% for the detection of a root injury. Therefore, we recommend both tests as they are excellent screening tests.
Epistemology of the side effect: anecdote and evidence in the digital age
Authors: Lentacker Antoine
Published: December 2022

Through the history of rxisk.org, this article explores some of the Web’s effects on the production and circulation of pharmaceutical knowledge. RxISK is an independent website that solicits reports from patients in order to uncover drug-induced harms which clinical trials and national pharmacovigilance schemes fail to identify. The first part of the article locates the origins of the project in the nearly 15-year struggle to obtain recognition and redress for one particular side effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants—their ability to trigger violent or suicidal behavior. That struggle, I show, brought to light the ways in which modern evidence-making practices obscure the harms of pharmacological treatment. The second part, based on interviews with the site’s creators, examines how RxISK’s data collection practices seek to convert the Web from a site for the circulation of misinformation into a usable source of new knowledge about drugs. The project’s originality, I argue, lies in its effort to reframe the relation between anecdote and evidence so as to liberate the patient’s voice from the burden of representativeness. Within this reframed epistemology, the project is also freed from the imperative of large-scale data extraction that increasingly dominates the economy of digital health.
Post-2018 Ethiopia: state fragility, failure, or collapse?
Authors: Bayeh Endalcachew
Published: December 2022

Owing to the multifaceted problems in which Ethiopia has been embroiled, such as war, displacement, and humanitarian crisis, writers arbitrarily use terms such as “state fragility,” “state failure,” and “state collapse” to represent the situation. This paper intends to determine what these concepts mean and to analyze whether post-2018 Ethiopia can be characterized by state fragility, failure, or collapse. To this end, I use a qualitative approach in which I gathered relevant data mainly from secondary sources. Accordingly, the study shows that state fragility, state failure, and state collapse are concepts related to the capacity and ability of the state to exercise a monopoly on the legitimate use of violence and perform its basic functions well. State fragility occurs if the state fails to exercise a monopoly on violence, protect its citizens, provide adequate public services, and maintain legitimacy. State failure, on the other hand, occurs when these problems become more critical, challenging the state’s existence. Finally, state collapse occurs when a state is completely disintegrated, leaving an authority vacuum. Based on this understanding, my findings indicate that Ethiopia is currently in a fragile condition and has started the process of descent into state failure. This apparent weakness of the state has devastating implications for the region, given the country’s previous stabilizing role, large population, and shared border with other regional states, among others. I argue that unless the necessary actions are taken, the situation might become worse and further destabilize an already volatile region.
Impact of defects on the χ(3) optical nonlinearity of sputtered WSe2 thin films in the optical communication band
Authors: Surbhi Km. , Bhakta Sourav , Sahoo Pratap K. , Das Ritwick
Published: December 2022

We present an experimental investigation on third-order nonlinear optical properties of RF-sputtered WSe2 thin films using a single-beam Z-scan technique around the optical communication window in a near-infrared spectral band. The nonlinear absorption coefficient was obtained from the open-aperture Z-scan transmission using ultrashort pulses centered at 1520nm excitation wavelength. The results show a reverse saturable absorption signature for all the WSe2 films due to two-photon absorption (TPA) mediated electronic transitions. The dependency of the TPA coefficient on film thickness is analyzed through the modification in an electronic band structure essentially caused due to defects induced in the samples. In addition, we also explored the impact of high laser intensity on the TPA process, which essentially pointed toward a significant contribution of free-carrier absorption at small laser intensities in WSe2 thin films. This investigation provides a basis for optimally tailoring the nonlinear optical properties of transition-metal-dichalcogenides via bandgap engineering for improving photonic device functionality.
Designing and analyzing multi-coil multi-layers for wireless power transmission in stent restenosis coronary artery
Authors: Alghrairi Mokhalad , Sulaiman Nasri , Mutashar Saad , Wan Hasan Wan Zuha , Jaafar Haslina , Algriree Waleed
Published: December 2022

Wireless power transfer technology features shorter power transmission distances in biomedical applications. This is a result of the small size of the implanted coils, biocompatible material conductivity, and the large distances between the receiving and transmitting coils. There have been numerous attempts to improve the power transfer efficiency across longer distances. Multiple coils, including 2-, 3-, 4-, and multi-layered coils, were previously considered. This study proposes a novel approach to achieve higher power transmission efficiency by integrating a single coil on the receiving side and three asymmetric coils on the transmitter side. As such, it delivers power to the sensor implanted within the coronary artery that monitors the blood pressure while introducing a uniquely shaped stent. The efficiency of power transmitted to the stent in its dual implanted forms, helical and zigzag helical, was examined as well, with the wireless power transmission system thereby analyzed at the 27 MHz Industrial Scientific Medical band operating frequency. For the four-coil technique, the power transmission efficiency at a distance of 25 mm between the receiver and transmitter sides by using biological human tissue as a medium between the transmission coils and the receiver stent can reach 56.42%, whereas other approaches show lower efficiencies: the three-coil method’s efficiency is 32.88%, the double-layer parallel method’s efficiency is 27.75%, the two-coil method’s efficiency is 24.76%, the triple-layer parallel method’s efficiency is 17.31%, the double-layer series method’s efficiency is 0.501%, and the triple-layer series method’s transmission efficiency is 0.092%. In addition, the suggested approach is demonstrated to be more efficient than prior designs with regard to the size of the implanted coils, which represent stents.
Implementation of an enhanced M5p tree controller based on ANN data applied to a doubly-fed induction generator
Authors: Hallouz M. , Kabeche N. , Moulahoum S. , Benkercha R.
Published: December 2022

The present paper concerns the indirect control of the stator powers of a wind system based on a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). The DFIG is controlled by its rotor through an association of a grid side converter with a rotor side converter, and the stator makes it possible to supply a resistive load. The current 1.5 kw generator is driven by a wind emulator based on a DC motor. Simulation and experimental studies are carried out using, first, a conventional proportional integral, a neural network controller (NNC), and then a M5P decision tree algorithm (M5P-DTA) is proposed to bring improvements to the control. The M5P-DTA is obtained from a learning process via the dataset provided by NNCs. The proposed algorithm allows a fast and less complex control scheme for the DFIG. The simulation study and its results are obtained through the MATLAB/SIMULINK software, while the experimental test is carried out via the dSPACE DS1104 interface card ordered by MATLAB and the graphical interface of the Control-Desk software.
Enthalpies of formation for Criegee intermediates: A correlation energy convergence study
Authors: Begley James M. , Aroeira Gustavo J. R. , Turney Justin M. , Douberly Gary E. , Schaefer Henry F.
Published: December 2022

Criegee intermediates, formed from the ozonolysis of alkenes, are known to have a role in atmospheric chemistry, including the modulation of the oxidizing capacity of the troposphere. Although studies have been conducted since their discovery, the synthesis of these species in the laboratory has ushered in a new wave of investigations of these structures, both theoretically and experimentally. In some of these theoretical studies, high-order corrections for correlation energy are included to account for the mid multi-reference character found in these systems. Many of these studies include a focus on kinetics; therefore, the calculated energies should be accurate (<1 kcal/mol in error). In this research, we compute the enthalpies of formation for a small set of Criegee intermediates, including higher-order coupled cluster corrections for correlation energy up to coupled cluster with perturbative quintuple excitations. The enthalpies of formation for formaldehyde oxide, anti-acetaldehyde oxide, syn-acetaldehyde oxide, and acetone oxide are presented at 0 K as 26.5, 15.6, 12.2, and 0.1 kcal mol−1, respectively. Additionally, we do not recommend the coupled cluster with perturbative quadruple excitations [CCSDT(Q)] energy correction, as it is approximately twice as large as that of the coupled cluster with full quadruple excitations (CCSDTQ). Half of the CCSDT(Q) energy correction may be included as a reliable, cost-effective estimation of CCSDTQ energies for Criegee intermediates.
Strongly coupled intermediate electronic states in one-color two-photon single valence ionization of O2
Authors: Larsen Kirk A. , Bello Roger Y. , Lucchese Robert R. , McCurdy C. William , Slaughter Daniel S. , Weber Thorsten
Published: December 2022

We present an experimental and theoretical energy- and angle-resolved investigation on the non-dissociative photoionization dynamics of near-resonant, one-color, two-photon, single valence ionization of neutral O2 molecules. Using 9.3 eV femtosecond pulses produced via high harmonic generation and a 3-D momentum imaging spectrometer, we detect the photoelectrons and O2+ cations produced from one-color, two-photon ionization in coincidence. The measured and calculated photoelectron angular distributions show agreement, which indicates that a superposition of two intermediate electronic states is dominantly involved and that wavepacket motion on those near-resonantly populated intermediate states does not play a significant role in the measured two-photon ionization dynamics. Here, we find greater utility in the diabatic representation compared to the adiabatic representation, where invoking a single valence-character diabat is sufficient to describe the underlying two-photon ionization mechanism.
Thermal and magnetic dual-responsive switchable device with superhydrophilicity/underwater superoleophobicity and excellent targeted oil–water separation performance
Authors: Li Congcong , Feng Huixia , Tao Furong , Yang Tiantian , Chen Nali , Chen Baiyi
Published: December 2022

In view of the increasingly serious problem of oil–water separation, it is a convenient and practical method to introduce a hydrogel coating on the surface of materials to make super-wetting materials. Nowadays, researchers of super-wetting materials pay more attention to the research and development of responsive materials. Here, a thermal and magnetic dual-responsive superhydrophilicity/underwater superoleophobicity switchable device (Fe3O4@PNIPAM-Cu) was simply fabricated using the Fe3O4 nanoparticles, poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) hydrogel as the functional coating and copper foam as the skeleton through a one-step solution immersion method. The separation efficiency of the benzene-water mixture of this dual-responsive device can reach up to 99.98%. Even after 10 separation cycles, it maintained an efficiency of more than 99.90%. At temperatures above ~34°C, the device can stop oil–water separation. The experiments presented here demonstrate this dual-responsive device possesses excellent superhydrophilicity/underwater superoleophobicity, thermal-responsive property and magnetic navigation function.
Meta-analysis of fish stock identification in India: current status and future perspectives
Authors: SriHari Murugesan , Pavan-Kumar Annam , Krishnan Pandian , Ramteke Karankumar , Ayyathurai Kathirvelpandian , Sreekanth Giribhavan , Jaiswar Ashok kumar
Published: December 2022

A meta-analysis of research on fishstock identification in India was performed to examine the trends and patterns of work conducted in fish-stock identification between 2000 and 2021. The publication data extracted from the Web of Science database with different sets of keywords resulted in a total of 214 research articles dealing with fish-stock identification. The common methods applied for stock identification are mtDNA sequencing, microsatellite markers and truss morphometrics. Published records showed that 14.49% of the research used different stock-identification methods in a single study to arrive at an accurate result on the stock structure of the studied species. Teleosts were the most studied group, followed by crustaceans, bivalves and elasmobranchs, and most of the studies focused on the fishes belonging to the orders Cypriniformes and Siluriformes. Fishes caught from the wild populations accounted for most of the studies, rather than the farmed ones. The study highlighted pitfalls in the stock-identification studies in India, viz. fewer studies on the marine realm and more specifically on elasmobranchs, farm escapees into the wild, threatened species, etc. The study also highlighted the need for strengthening stock-identification studies so that they aid in data-driven fisheries management measures.
Overcoming challenges in using magnesium-based materials for industrial applications using friction-stir engineering
Authors: Maqbool Annayath , Khan Noor Zaman , Siddiquee Arshad Noor , Badruddin Irfan Anjum , Hussien Mohamed , Khan Mohammed Imran
Published: December 2022

Using lightweight materials reduces fuel consumption and carbon emissions. Magnesium, a lightweight structural material with interesting properties, performs well during processing and application. Poor ductility of Mg alloys hinders their application in material-forming industries. Grain size reduction significantly improves the ductility in comparison with unprocessed material. Friction stir engineering (FSE) not only provides refinement, homogenisation, and densification of the microstructure, but also helps in eliminating the cast microstructural defects, and fragmentation of the brittle and network-like phases (Mg17(Al, Zn)12, Al8Mn5) and achieves high-strain rate super plasticity. The current review addresses the challenge of poor ductility and provides insights of the FSE on Mg-based materials to improve ductility by various methods, including the development of metallic foam.
Development of 16Cr8Ni low transformation temperature welding material for optimal characteristics under various dilutions due to all repair welding positions
Authors: Feng Zhongyuan , Ma Ninshu , Hiraoka Kazuo , Komizo Yuichi , Kano Satoru , Nagami Masayuki
Published: December 2022

A new low transformation temperature (LTT) welding material 16Cr8Ni was developed to satisfy the optimal characteristics in diluted welds due to all repair welding positions. Its good weldability for all welding positions was tested. The measured Ms temperature of weld metals with different dilutions was between 150°C and 250°C which is the optimal range for compressive residual stress generation and fatigue life extension. The in-situ observation of phase evolution by the synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction technique validated the solidification mode of LTT welds for the prevention of solidification cracks. Moreover, the mechanical properties in the diluted LTT welds were measured by miniature uniaxial tensile tests. Large compressive residual stresses at the welded joints due to all welding positions were confirmed numerical analyses.
Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Y-88 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 88Y to include the 2016 result of the LNE-LNHB (France) and the 2019 result of the BEV (Austria)
Authors: Michotte C , Courte S , Coulon R , Nonis M , Judge S , Ratel G , Maringer F J , Brettner-Messler R , Fréchou C , Bobin C
Published: December 2022

Main text

Since 1976, 15 laboratories have submitted 39 samples of 88Y to the International Reference System (SIR) for activity comparison at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), with comparison identifier BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Y-88. Recently, the LNE-LNHB (France) and the BEV (Austria) participated in the comparison and the key comparison reference value (KCRV) has been updated. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the SIR and the updated KCRV have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a table. A graphical presentation is also given.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Properties of the non-Hermitian SSH model: role of

symmetry
Authors: Halder Dipendu , Ganguly Sudin , Basu Saurabh
Published: December 2022

The present work addresses the distinction between the topological properties of

symmetric and non-

symmetric scenarios for the non-Hermitian Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model. The non-

symmetric case is represented by non-reciprocity in both the inter- and the intra-cell hopping amplitudes, while the one with

symmetry is modeled by a complex on-site staggered potential. In particular, we study the loci of the exceptional points, the winding numbers, band structures, and explore the breakdown of bulk-boundary correspondence (BBC). We further study the interplay of the dimerization strengths on the observables for these cases. The non-

symmetric case denotes a more familiar situation, where the winding number abruptly changes by half-integer through tuning of the non-reciprocity parameters, and demonstrates a complete breakdown of BBC, thereby showing non-Hermitian skin effect. The topological nature of the

symmetric case appears to follow closely to its Hermitian analogue, except that it shows unbroken (broken) regions with complex (purely real) energy spectra, while another variant of the winding number exhibits a continuous behavior as a function of the strength of the potential, while the conventional BBC is preserved.
Synergistic effect of sequential solvent treatment on the structural and low temperature charge transport of PEDOT:PSS films
Authors: Sharma Meenu , Bhatia Ravi , Sameera I
Published: December 2022

A detailed study on the low temperature charge transport and magnetoresistance (MR) measurements of spin-coated and solvent treated poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films has been presented. The samples were prepared by sequential treatment of PEDOT:PSS film using dimethyl sulfoxide and sulphuric acid. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy elucidate the effect of solvent treatment on the structural modifications of the film, which correlates to the enhanced conductivity values. The nature of solvent and the sequence of successive treatments using different solvents has been effectively utilized to tune the conductivity of the film over a wide range. Further, the low temperature (300–2 K) charge transport study indicates that the resistance of the film rises sharply below 50 K, which implies the samples lie in the category of disordered materials. A linear fit of ln R vs. T
−1/4 for all the samples indicates that the temperature dependent resistance of solvent treated PEDOT:PSS films follow 3D variable range hopping model. The observed large positive MR behavior of the films has been discussed in terms of the wave function shrinkage of the charge carriers. The MR follows ∼B
2 and ∼B
1/3 dependence at low and high magnetic field regimes, respectively. The sequential treatment of PEDOT:PSS films shown in the present study is an effective method to enhance the electrical conductivity significantly.
Gradient expanded-structured graphene pressure sensor prepared by one-step laser reduction with superhigh sensitivity and ultrawide detection range
Authors: Lv Yuhuan , Qin Zhen , Fang Xiaohui , Zhao Biao , Liu Yong , Pan Kai
Published: December 2022

With the advancement of information data, intelligent devices have put forward higher performance requirements for pressure sensors. Reasonable structural design of active material provides an effective way for the preparation of high-performance pressure sensor. Herein, we propose a simple method to prepare gradient expandion-structured graphene-based flexible pressure sensors by laser reduction. There are many gas gaps exist under the graphene surface, showing a certain gradient as a whole. Benefiting from the synergy effect of the unique structure, the designed piezoresistive sensor shows high sensitivity (127.8 kPa−1 in the range of 0.33–0.667 kPa), broad linear range (0–16.7 kPa), low detection limit (33 Pa), short response time (200 ms), and good stability (more than 7000 cycles). Furthermore, the notion of creating and constructing gradient structures has been applied to practical applications of position sensing, and possible applications for mapping the position and intensity of pressure have also been investigated.