bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Choice Behavior Guided by Learned, But Not Innate, Taste Aversion Recruits the Orbitofrontal Cortex
Authors: Ramírez-Lugo Leticia , Peñas-Rincón Ana , Ángeles-Durán Sandybel , Sotres-Bayon Francisco
Published: October 2016

The ability to select an appropriate behavioral response guided by previous emotional experiences is critical for survival. Although much is known about brain mechanisms underlying emotional associations, little is known about how these associations guide behavior when several choices are available. To address this, we performed local pharmacological inactivations of several cortical regions before retrieval of an aversive memory in choice-based versus no-choice-based conditioned taste aversion (CTA) tasks in rats. Interestingly, we found that inactivation of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), but not the dorsal or ventral medial prefrontal cortices, blocked retrieval of choice CTA. However, OFC inactivation left retrieval of no-choice CTA intact, suggesting its role in guiding choice, but not in retrieval of CTA memory. Consistently, OFC activity increased in the choice condition compared with no-choice, as measured with c-Fos immunolabeling. Notably, OFC inactivation did not affect choice behavior when it was guided by innate taste aversion. Consistent with an anterior insular cortex (AIC) involvement in storing taste memories, we found that AIC inactivation impaired retrieval of both choice and no-choice CTA. Therefore, this study provides evidence for OFC's role in guiding choice behavior and shows that this is dissociable from AIC-dependent taste aversion memory. Together, our results suggest that OFC is required and recruited to guide choice selection between options of taste associations relayed from AIC.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSurvival and mental health depend on being able to choose stimuli not associated with danger. This is particularly important when danger is associated with stimuli that we ingest. Although much is known about the brain mechanisms that underlie associations with dangerous taste stimuli, very little is known about how these stored emotional associations guide behavior when it involves choice. By combining pharmacological and immunohistochemistry tools with taste-guided tasks, our study provides evidence for the key role of orbitofrontal cortex activity in choice behavior and shows that this is dissociable from the adjacent insular cortex-dependent taste aversion memory. Understanding the brain mechanisms that underlie the impact that emotional associations have on survival choice behaviors may lead to better treatments for mental disorders characterized by emotional decision-making deficits.
Coordinated Interaction between Hippocampal Sharp-Wave Ripples and Anterior Cingulate Unit Activity
Authors: Wang Dong V. , Ikemoto Satoshi
Published: October 2016

Hippocampal–cortical interaction during sleep promotes transformation of memory for long-term storage in the cortex. In particular, hippocampal sharp-wave ripple-associated neural activation is important for this transformation during slow-wave sleep. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been shown to be crucial for expression and likely storage of long-term memory. However, little is known about how ACC activity is influenced by hippocampal ripple activity during sleep. We report here about coordinated interactions between hippocampal ripple activity and ACC neural firings. By recording from the ACC and hippocampal CA1 simultaneously in mice, we found that almost all ACC neurons showed increased activity before hippocampal ripple activity; moreover, a subpopulation (17%) displayed a further activation immediately after ripple activity. This postripple activation of ACC neurons correlated positively with ripple amplitude, and the same neurons were excited upon electrical stimulation of the CA1. Interestingly, the preripple activation of ACC neurons was present during the sleep state, but not during the awake state. These results suggest intimate interactions between hippocampal sharp-wave ripples and ACC neurons in a state-dependent manner. Importantly, sharp-wave ripples and associated activation appear to regulate activity of a small population of ACC neurons, a process that may play a critical role in memory consolidation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe hippocampus communicates with the cortex for memory transformation. Memories of previous experiences become less dependent on the hippocampus and increasingly dependent on cortical areas, such as the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). However, little evidence is available to directly support this hippocampus-to-cortex information transduction hypothesis of memory consolidation. Here we show that a subpopulation of ACC neurons becomes active just after hippocampal ripple activity, and that electrical stimulation of the hippocampus excites the same ACC neurons. In addition, the majority of ACC neurons are activated just before ripple activity during the sleep state, but not during the awake state. These results provide evidence supporting the hypothesis of hippocampus-to-cortex information flow for memory consolidation as well as reciprocal interaction between the hippocampus and the cortex.
Stimulation of PPC Affects the Mapping between Motion and Force Signals for Stiffness Perception But Not Motion Control
Authors: Leib Raz , Mawase Firas , Karniel Amir , Donchin Opher , Rothwell John , Nisky Ilana , Davare Marco
Published: October 2016

How motion and sensory inputs are combined to assess an object's stiffness is still unknown. Here, we provide evidence for the existence of a stiffness estimator in the human posterior parietal cortex (PPC). We showed previously that delaying force feedback with respect to motion when interacting with an object caused participants to underestimate its stiffness. We found that applying theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the PPC, but not the dorsal premotor cortex, enhances this effect without affecting movement control. We explain this enhancement as an additional lag in force signals. This is the first causal evidence that the PPC is not only involved in motion control, but also has an important role in perception that is disassociated from action. We provide a computational model suggesting that the PPC integrates position and force signals for perception of stiffness and that TMS alters the synchronization between the two signals causing lasting consequences on perceptual behavior.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhen selecting an object such as a ripe fruit or sofa, we need to assess the object's stiffness. Because we lack dedicated stiffness sensors, we rely on an as yet unknown mechanism that generates stiffness percepts by combining position and force signals. Here, we found that the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) contributes to combining position and force signals for stiffness estimation. This finding challenges the classical view about the role of the PPC in regulating position signals only for motion control because we highlight a key role of the PPC in perception that is disassociated from action. Altogether this sheds light on brain mechanisms underlying the interaction between action and perception and may help in the development of better teleoperation systems and rehabilitation of patients with sensory impairments.
Memory Retrieval Has a Dynamic Influence on the Maintenance Mechanisms That Are Sensitive to ζ-Inhibitory Peptide (ZIP)
Authors: Levitan David , Fortis-Santiago Yaihara , Figueroa Joshua A. , Reid Emily E. , Yoshida Takashi , Barry Nicholas C. , Russo Abigail , Katz Donald B.
Published: October 2016

In neuroscientists' attempts to understand the long-term storage of memory, topics of particular importance and interest are the cellular and system mechanisms of maintenance (e.g., those sensitive to ζ-inhibitory peptide, ZIP) and those induced by memory retrieval (i.e., reconsolidation). Much is known about each of these processes in isolation, but less is known concerning how they interact. It is known that ZIP sensitivity and memory retrieval share at least some molecular targets (e.g., recycling α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid, AMPA, receptors to the plasma membrane); conversely, the fact that sensitivity to ZIP emerges only after consolidation ends suggests that consolidation (and by extension reconsolidation) and maintenance might be mutually exclusive processes, the onset of one canceling the other. Here, we use conditioned taste aversion (CTA) in rats, a cortically dependent learning paradigm, to test this hypothesis. First, we demonstrate that ZIP infusions into gustatory cortex begin interfering with CTA memory 43–45 h after memory acquisition—after consolidation ends. Next, we show that a retrieval trial administered after this time point interrupts the ability of ZIP to induce amnesia and that ZIP's ability to induce amnesia is reengaged only 45 h after retrieval. This pattern of results suggests that memory retrieval and ZIP-sensitive maintenance mechanisms are mutually exclusive and that the progression from one to the other are similar after acquisition and retrieval. They also reveal concrete differences between ZIP-sensitive mechanisms induced by acquisition and retrieval: the latency with which ZIP-sensitive mechanisms are expressed differ for the two processes.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMemory retrieval and the molecular mechanisms that are sensitive to ζ-inhibitory peptide (ZIP) are the few manipulations that have been shown to effect memory maintenance. Although much is known about their effect on maintenance separately, it is unknown how they interact. Here, we describe a model for the interaction between memory retrieval and ZIP-sensitive mechanisms, showing that retrieval trials briefly (i.e., for 45 h) interrupt these mechanisms. ZIP sensitivity emerges across a similar time window after memory acquisition and retrieval; the maintenance mechanisms that follow acquisition and retrieval differ, however, in the latency with which the impact of ZIP is expressed.
Neural Stem Cell Transplantation Induces Stroke Recovery by Upregulating Glutamate Transporter GLT-1 in Astrocytes
Authors: Bacigaluppi Marco , Russo Gianluca Luigi , Peruzzotti-Jametti Luca , Rossi Silvia , Sandrone Stefano , Butti Erica , De Ceglia Roberta , Bergamaschi Andrea , Motta Caterina , Gallizioli Mattia , Studer Valeria , Colombo Emanuela , Farina Cinthia , Comi Giancarlo , Politi Letterio Salvatore , Muzio Luca , Villani Claudia , Invernizzi Roberto William , Hermann Dirk Matthias , Centonze Diego , Martino Gianvito
Published: October 2016

Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of disability, but effective therapies are currently widely lacking. Recovery from stroke is very much dependent on the possibility to develop treatments able to both halt the neurodegenerative process as well as to foster adaptive tissue plasticity. Here we show that ischemic mice treated with neural precursor cell (NPC) transplantation had on neurophysiological analysis, early after treatment, reduced presynaptic release of glutamate within the ipsilesional corticospinal tract (CST), and an enhanced NMDA-mediated excitatory transmission in the contralesional CST. Concurrently, NPC-treated mice displayed a reduced CST degeneration, increased axonal rewiring, and augmented dendritic arborization, resulting in long-term functional amelioration persisting up to 60 d after ischemia. The enhanced functional and structural plasticity relied on the capacity of transplanted NPCs to localize in the peri-ischemic and ischemic area, to promote the upregulation of the glial glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) on astrocytes and to reduce peri-ischemic extracellular glutamate. The upregulation of GLT-1 induced by transplanted NPCs was found to rely on the secretion of VEGF by NPCs. Blocking VEGF during the first week after stroke reduced GLT-1 upregulation as well as long-term behavioral recovery in NPC-treated mice. Our results show that NPC transplantation, by modulating the excitatory–inhibitory balance and stroke microenvironment, is a promising therapy to ameliorate disability, to promote tissue recovery and plasticity processes after stroke.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTissue damage and loss of function occurring after stroke can be constrained by fostering plasticity processes of the brain. Over the past years, stem cell transplantation for repair of the CNS has received increasing interest, although underlying mechanism remain elusive. We here show that neural stem/precursor cell transplantation after ischemic stroke is able to foster axonal rewiring and dendritic plasticity and to induce long-term functional recovery. The observed therapeutic effect of neural precursor cells seems to underlie their capacity to upregulate the glial glutamate transporter on astrocytes through the vascular endothelial growth factor inducing favorable changes in the electrical and molecular stroke microenvironment. Cell-based approaches able to influence plasticity seem particularly suited to favor poststroke recovery.
Neurophysiological Evidence for a Cortical Contribution to the Wakefulness-Related Drive to Breathe Explaining Hypocapnia-Resistant Ventilation in Humans
Authors: Dubois Matthieu , Chenivesse Cécile , Raux Mathieu , Morales-Robles Adrian , Nierat Marie-Cécile , Garcia Gilles , Navarro-Sune Xavier , Chavez Mario , Martinerie Jacques , Similowski Thomas
Published: October 2016

Spontaneous ventilation in mammals is driven by automatic brainstem networks that generate the respiratory rhythm and increase ventilation in the presence of increased carbon dioxide production. Hypocapnia decreases the drive to breathe and induces apnea. In humans, this occurs during sleep but not during wakefulness. We hypothesized that hypocapnic breathing would be associated with respiratory-related cortical activity similar to that observed during volitional breathing, inspiratory constraints, or in patients with defective automatic breathing (preinspiratory potentials). Nineteen healthy subjects were studied under passive (mechanical ventilation,n= 10) or active (voluntary hyperventilation,n= 9) profound hypocapnia. Ventilatory and electroencephalographic recordings were performed during voluntary sniff maneuvers, normocapnic breathing, hypocapnia, and after return to normocapnia. EEG recordings were analyzed with respect to the ventilatory flow signal to detect preinspiratory potentials in frontocentral electrodes and to construct time-frequency maps. After passive hyperventilation, hypocapnia was associated with apnea in 3 cases and ventilation persisted in 7 cases (3 and 6 after active hyperventilation, respectively). No respiratory-related EEG activity was observed in subjects with hypocapnia-related apneas. In contrast, preinspiratory potentials were present at vertex recording sites in 12 of the remaining 13 subjects (p< 0.001). This was corroborated by time-frequency maps. This study provides direct evidence of a cortical substrate to hypocapnic breathing in awake humans and fuels the notion of corticosubcortical cooperation to preserve human ventilation in a variety of situations. Of note, maintaining ventilatory activity at low carbon dioxide levels is among the prerequisites to speech production insofar as speech often induces hypocapnia.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHuman ventilatory activity persists, during wakefulness, even when hypocapnia makes it unnecessary. This peculiarity of human breathing control is important to speech and speech-breathing insofar as speech induces hypocapnia. This study evidences a specific respiratory-related cortical activity. This suggests that human hypocapnic breathing is driven, at least in part, by cortical mechanisms similar to those involved in volitional breathing, in breathing against mechanical constraints or with weak inspiratory muscle, and in patients with defective medullary breathing pattern generators. This fuels the notion that the human ventilatory drive during wakefulness often results from a corticosubcortical cooperation, and opens new avenues to study certain ventilatory and speech disorders.
Pushing estrogen receptor around in breast cancer
Authors: Lim Elgene , Tarulli Gerard , Portman Neil , Hickey Theresa E , Tilley Wayne D , Palmieri Carlo
Published: October 2016

The estrogen receptor-α (herein called ER) is a nuclear sex steroid receptor (SSR) that is expressed in approximately 75% of breast cancers. Therapies that modulate ER action have substantially improved the survival of patients with ER-positive breast cancer, but resistance to treatment still remains a major clinical problem. Treating resistant breast cancer requires co-targeting of ER and alternate signalling pathways that contribute to resistance to improve the efficacy and benefit of currently available treatments. Emerging data have shown that other SSRs may regulate the sites at which ER binds to DNA in ways that can powerfully suppress the oncogenic activity of ER in breast cancer. This includes the progesterone receptor (PR) that was recently shown to reprogram the ER DNA binding landscape towards genes associated with a favourable outcome. Another attractive candidate is the androgen receptor (AR), which is expressed in the majority of breast cancers and inhibits growth of the normal breast and ER-positive tumours when activated by ligand. These findings have led to the initiation of breast cancer clinical trials evaluating therapies that selectively harness the ability of SSRs to ‘push’ ER towards anti-tumorigenic activity. Our review will focus on the established and emerging clinical evidence for activating PR or AR in ER-positive breast cancer to inhibit the tumour growth-promoting functions of ER.
Prepuberal light phase feeding induces neuroendocrine alterations in adult rats
Authors: García-Luna C , Soberanes-Chávez P , de Gortari P
Published: October 2016

Feeding patterns are important factors in obesity evolvement. Time-restricted feeding schedules (tRF) during resting phase change energy homeostasis regulation, disrupting the circadian release of metabolism-regulating hormones, such as leptin, insulin and corticosterone and promoting body weight gain. Thyroid (HPT) and adrenal (HPA) axes exhibit a circadian regulation and are involved in energy expenditure, thus studying their parameters in tRF paradigms will elucidate their role in energy homeostasis impairments under such conditions. As tRF in young animals is poorly studied, we subjected prepuberal rats to a tRF either in light (LPF) or in darkness phase (DPF) and analyzed HPT and HPA response when they reach adulthood, as well as their arcuate (ARC) and paraventricular (PVN) hypothalamic nuclei neurons’ sensitivity to leptin in subsets of 10-week-old animals after fasting and with i.p. leptin treatment. LPF group showed high body weight and food intake, along with increased visceral fat pads, corticosterone, leptin and insulin serum levels, whereas circulating T4decreased. HPA axis hyperactivity was demonstrated by their high PVNCrfmRNA expression; the blunted activity of HPT axis, by the decreased hypophysiotropic PVNTrhmRNA expression.Trhimpaired expression to the positive energy balance in LPF, accounted for their ARC leptin resistance, evinced by an increasedNpyandSocs3mRNA expression. We concluded that the hyperphagia of prepuberal LPF animals could account for the HPA axis hyperactivity and for the HPT blocked function due to the altered ARC leptin signaling and impaired NPY regulation on PVN TRH neurons.
Detecting Sources of Transcriptional Heterogeneity in Large-Scale RNA-Seq Data Sets
Authors: Searle Brian C , Gittelman Rachel M , Manor Ohad , Akey Joshua M
Published: October 2016

Gene expression levels are dynamic molecular phenotypes that respond to biological, environmental, and technical perturbations. Here we use a novel replicate-classifier approach for discovering transcriptional signatures and apply it to the Genotype-Tissue Expression data set. We identified many factors contributing to expression heterogeneity, such as collection center and ischemia time, and our approach of scoring replicate classifiers allows us to statistically stratify these factors by effect strength. Strikingly, from transcriptional expression in blood alone we detect markers that help predict heart disease and stroke in some patients. Our results illustrate the challenges and opportunities of interpreting patterns of transcriptional variation in large-scale data sets.
A Quality Improvement Initiative: Improving the Frequency of Inpatient Electronic Prescribing
Authors: Fuchs Jennifer , Lo Huay-ying , Peterman Andrew , Camp Elizabeth , Chase Lindsay
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVE:

To improve the frequency of electronic prescribing (e-prescribing) of discharge prescriptions at a children’s hospital via a bundle of quality improvement interventions.

METHODS:

Surveys and focus groups were conducted with patient families and pediatric residents to identify barriers and propose solutions to e-prescribing. These data were used to generate a series of interventions, including the following: (1) provider education; (2) changes in patient registration workflow; and (3) electronic health record changes to improve the frequency of e-prescribing on the pediatric hospital medicine (PHM) service. The primary outcome measure was the e-prescribing frequency, with a balance measure of e-prescribing errors.

RESULTS:

From July 2014 through June 2015, e-prescribing frequency on the PHM service improved from a median of 7.4% to 48.9% (P < .001) and was sustained for an additional 6 months (July 2015–December 2015), surpassing meaningful use targets with associated US News and World Report hospital ranking points. The frequency of PHM prescription errors remained unchanged, and in comparison, the resident outpatient clinic revealed no statistically significant change in e-prescribing frequency during this time period.

CONCLUSIONS:

Engaging front-line providers in hospital-wide initiatives and quality improvement interventions can directly affect hospital metrics in programs such as meaningful use and US News and World Report, as shown through successful improvement in PHM e-prescribing frequency. Future studies are necessary to determine whether increased e-prescribing frequency affects patient outcomes and compliance.
Inheritance Patterns of Infantile Hemangioma
Authors: Castrén Eeva , Salminen Päivi , Vikkula Miikka , Pitkäranta Anne , Klockars Tuomas
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Infantile hemangioma (IH) includes, among its other risk factors, familial clustering, but a definitive understanding of IH’s inheritance model and genetic basis is lacking. Our objective was to collect IH pedigrees in Finland, to study the inheritance patterns of IH within these families, and to analyze the characteristics of familial IHs.

METHODS:

We identified 185 patients with IH who visited our vascular anomaly clinic between 2004 and 2007. Based on hospital records and a questionnaire sent to these patients and their families, IH characteristics and family history of IH were studied. We compared characteristics between patients with positive (familial) and negative (sporadic) IH family history. Families with positive IH family history were further interviewed for extended pedigree data.

RESULTS:

One-third of our IH cohort’s families reported a family history positive for IH, with IH characteristics and perinatal data between the familial and sporadic cases being similar. IH patients with affected first-degree relatives reported higher long-term discomfort rates than the sporadic cases. Of the 40 families interviewed, 11 included ≥4 IH-affected family members; these were most commonly first-degree relatives (63%). Segregation patterns match with autosomal dominant inheritance with an incomplete penetrance or maternal transmission. We also present a case of monozygotic twins that manifest identical IHs.

CONCLUSIONS:

Based on this large number of IH pedigrees, we suggest at least 2 possible mechanisms of inheritance: autosomal dominant and maternal transmission. This study highlights the need for additional genetic studies to define inheritance of this common disease.
Development and validation of an HPTLC method for estimation of coronarin D in Hedychium coronarium rhizome
Authors: Ray Asit , Dash Biswabhusan , Sahoo Suprava , Sahoo Ambika , Jena Sudipta , Kar Basudeba , Chatterjee Tuhin , Ghosh Biswajit , Nayak Sanghamitra
Published: October 2016

Rhizome extracts of Hedychium coronarium are widely used as phytotherapeutics. As of date, there is no documented study on the standardization of H. coronarium extract, and the following research is an effort in this direction. Coronarin D is an important bioactive compound present in H. coronarium which shows chemopreventive activity against cancer. H. coronarium extracts were assessed for coronarin D content for the first time. The extraction was checked using different solvents: n-hexane, acetone, and methanol. Coronarin D was separated on silica gel 60F254 high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) plates by isocratic gradient method using n-hexane-ethyl acetate (80:20 v/v) as mobile phase. Densitometric quantification was performed at 231 nm in absorption mode. This method gave a well-defined peak at Rf 0.20 corresponding to coronarin D. The method was validated using International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines in terms of precision, repeatability, and accuracy. Linearity range of coronarin D was 200–1000 ng spot−1 with a correlation coefficient of R2 ± SD = 0.9987 ± 2.62% in the concentration range of 200–1000 ng spot−1. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 35 and 115 ng, respectively. Accuracy of the method was checked by recovery studies conducted at three different concentration levels, and the average percentage recovery was found to be 98.22 % for coronarin D. Among the different solvents, acetone produced maximum extraction efficiency of coronarin D. The proposed HPTLC method can be applied for robust identification and quantitative determination of coronarin D in H. coronarium extracts.
Longevity of restorations in direct composite resin: literature review
Authors: VELO Marilia Mattar de Amôedo Campos , COELHO Livia Vieira Braga Ferraz , BASTING Roberta Tarkany , AMARAL Flávia Lucisano Botelho do , FRANÇA Fabiana Mantovani Gomes
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT Composite resin restorations have increased considerably in popularity and predictability, enabling the realization of a minimally invasive dental treatment. However, to obtain the success of composite resin restorations, knowledge of adhesives and the use of the technique are required, otherwise failure may appear quickly. The objective of the present work was to conduct a literature review on the clinical performance of different types of composite resins and adhesive systems with regard to longevity. For this evaluation, some characteristics of the restorations were immediately verified after they were completed and after a determined time. Characteristics such as postoperative sensitivity, color, marginal integrity, secondary caries, texture, marginal adaptation, retention, displacement, marginal discoloration and anatomical shape had their performances compared. The influence of different adhesive systems on the longevity of the restorations was also observed as a function of its fundamental importance in the union between the tooth and the restorative material. It was concluded that most restorations performed clinically acceptable when hybrid, nanoparticle or microhybrid composite resins and conventional adhesive systems were used.
Performance in vitro of apex locators in determining root length in primary molars
Authors: BERTOLI Fernanda Mara Paiva , BRUZAMOLIN Carolina Dea , BARATTO FILHO Flares , SILVA Débora Andrade da , TOMAZINHO Flávia Fagundes Sens , GONZAGA Carla Castiglia , SOUZA Juliana Feltrin de
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate performance of digital radiographic and two electronic apex locators, Propex II and Root ZX in root canal length determination in primary molars. Methods: 25 primary molars were divided into two groups, G1 without root resorption and G2 with root resorption. The exams were performed using all methods by two experienced examiners, with 1-week interval. The gold standard was determined by visual examination. The methods were statistically analyzed regarding the values of reproducibility and correlated with the gold standard by Pearson´s correlation coefficient. Results: The root canal length determination coincided with gold standard in 22.7% for Root ZX, 17.5% for Propex II and 12.5% for digital radiography. Correlation values were higher in G1, the Root ZX presented the highest values. In G2 the digital radiography showed the lowest correlation. In G1, the intra-examiner reproducibility values ranged from 0.925 to 0.523, and interexaminer 0.863 to 0.670. In G2, the values of intra-examiner reproducibility ranges from 0.864 to 0.097, and inter was 0.774 to 0.379. Conclusion: It was concluded that the methods performance varying according to examiner's experience. The Root ZX presented the highest reproducibility and accuracy.
Effectiveness of photodynamic therapy on Candida species isolated from oral samples of children exposed and not exposed to HIV
Authors: SILVA Francine Cristina da , ROSA Luciano Pereira , PINHEIRO Antonio Luiz Barbosa , KOGA-ITO Cristiane Yumi , ARAÚJO Bruno Pereira de , VIANA Vivian de Oliveira , CAMPOS Laíze Aparecida Nunes Lopes
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT Objective: Identify yeast species isolated from unexposed, exposed and HIV-carrier children, and verify the effectiveness of low power laser photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the yeasts species belonging to the Candida genus. Methods: Fifty children assisted by the Public Health Program of the city of Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, were selected and divided into three groups: unexposed to HIV, exposed to HIV during pregnancy, and HIV-carrier. Saliva samples were collected in a disposable sterile universal container and were plated to Sabouraud dextrose agar supplemented with 0.1 mg/mL chloramphenicol. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 48 h. Three strains of each patient were identified by using an API 20 C AUX system. The strains were submitted to photodynamic therapy (PDT) with a 660 nm low power laser and methylene blue dye at different times of irradiation (90, 180 and 282 sec.). Results: The results showed that the most prevalent species was Candida albicans followed by Candida famata (second most prevalent in unexposed to HIV and HIV carriers)) and Candida parapsilosis (second most prevalent in exposed to HIV group). The CFU/mL of Candida spp. decreased significantly (p<0,05) in all groups treated with PDT compared to the controls. Photodynamic therapy treatments at different exposure times (e.g., PS+L90+, PS+L180+, PS+L282+) revealed that the exposure time of 282 sec. gave the highest reduction of the mean logarithmic CFU/mL. Conclusion: Candida albicans was the most prevalent Candida species in these three groups and Candida non-albicans species, when combined, amounted to a significant percentage of Candida isolates. Photodynamic therapy was effective in inactivating the Candida spp. isolated from the oral cavity of children not exposed to HIV, exposed to HIV and HIV-carriers, with the best photodynamic therapy irradiation time being 282 sec.
Research on calcifications in the cervical region using panoramic and teleradiographic techniques
Authors: KAMIKAWA Rosangela Sayuri Saga , RAITZ Ricardo , PEREIRA Marlene Fenyo
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the contribution of lateral and frontal teleradiographs to the identification and location of calcifications in soft tissues, when compared with those observed in panoramic radiographs. Methods: Radiopaque references in gutta-percha were placed unilaterally on the heads of three cadavers, endeavoring at all times to keep to the same level as the bifurcation of the common carotid artery in different structures, sites of possible calcifications, and three radiographic incidences were obtained for each anatomic part. Thus, the sample of this study was composed of 27 panoramic radiographs, 27 lateral teleradiographs and 27 frontal teleradiographs, totaling 81 radiographs. Results: According to the criteria of Cicchetti and Sparrow, the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) obtained were below 0.40. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the lateral and frontal teleradiographs did not contribute efficiently to the identification and location of radiopacities in the cervical region, and that the anatomic conformation interferes in the observation of the presence of radiopacity in the cervical region.
Ground transportation accidents involving two categories of motorcyclists who transport passengers
Authors: LUCAS-NETO Alfredo , BARBOSA Kevan Guilherme Nóbrega , BERNARDINO Italo de Macedo , LUCAS Rilva Suely de Castro Cardoso , D'ÁVILA Sérgio
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to analyze the occurrence of ground transportation accidents involving two categories of motorcyclists who transport passengers in a city located in northeastern Brazil: those who work for city hall and those who work for a private transportation firm. Methods: Interviews were held with the aid of a questionnaire administered to a probabilistic sample of 210 individuals (125 from city hall and 85 from the private firm). Results: A high number of motorcyclists in both categories combined (78.6%) suffered traffic accidents in the 12 months prior to the inquiry. Collisions with automobiles constituted the most frequent type of accident (43.6%). Accidents were more associated with motorcyclists working for city hall (p < 0.05), due mainly to the fact that these individuals had been employed for a longer period of time (p < 0.001). The occurrence of bodily injuries was high in both categories (63.6%). Facial injuries were the least frequent in both categories due mainly to the use of protection equipment (98.2%). Conclusion: The occurrence of traffic accidents was high in the two motorcycle passenger transportation categories analyzed, demonstrating that motorcycles are used to transport passengers in a risky manner.
Stable (C, O, S) isotopes and whole-rock geochemistry of carbonatites from Alto Paranaíba Igneous Province, SE Brazil
Authors: Gomide Caroline Siqueira , Brod José Affonso , Vieira Lucieth Cruz , Junqueira-Brod Tereza Cristina , Petrinovic Ivan Alejandro , Santos Roberto Ventura , Barbosa Elisa Soares Rocha , Mancini Luis Henrique
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT: The present work investigates the relationship between whole-rock geochemistry and stable isotope composition from carbonatites belonging to the Tapira, Araxá, Salitre, Serra Negra, Catalão I, and Catalão II alkaline-carbonatite complexes of the Alto Paranaiba Igneous Province (APIP), central Brazil and from the Jacupiranga Complex, of the Ponta Grossa Province, southeast Brazil. The APIP complexes are ultrapotassic, comprising bebedourites, phoscorites, nelsonites, and carbonatites, whereas Jacupiranga is a sodic complex composed of ijolite-series rocks, syenites, carbonatites, and alkaline gabbros. The geochemistry data allied to mineralogical constraints allowed us to classify the carbonatites into five groups, and to devise a chemical index (BaO/(BaO+SrO)) to gauge the magmatic evolution of the studied carbonatites.The APIP carbonatites evolve from apatite-rich calciocarbonatites toward Ba-, Sr-, and rare earth element (REE)-rich magnesiocarbonatites. This evolution is mostly driven by apatite, phlogopite, dolomite, and calcite fractionation and consequent enrichment in monazite, norsethite, and strontianite. Stable isotope data show a wide diversity of petrogenetic processes in play at the APIP, relatively to the Jacupiranga Complex, which is interpreted as a result of the shallower intrusion levels of the APIP complexes. Such shallower emplacement, at low lithostatic pressure, allowed for a complex interplay of fractional crystallization, liquid immiscibility, degassing, and interaction with hydrothermal and carbohydrothermal systems.
Geochemical paleoredox indicators in organic-rich shales of the Irati Formation, Permian of the Paraná Basin, southern Brazil
Authors: Goldberg Karin , Humayun Munir
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT: Paleoredox indicators were used to assess the depositional environment of the Permian Irati Formation, and discuss the controls on the accumulation of organic-rich sediments. Geochemical data were measured for 43 drill-core samples in southern Paraná Basin. We infer that redox boundary was located at the sediment-water interface during the accumulation of these sediments. Trace-element data demonstrate that Irati shales were similar to average shales, except during deposition of two organic-rich beds in which U and Mo are enriched, suggesting fully anoxic conditions. The variable degree of oxygenation of bottom waters is also attested by DOPT, FeT/Al, and sedimentological indicators of episodic ventilation. DOPT and Fe and S correlation points to an iron-limited environment, where the main sulfur sink is organic matter rather than pyrite. Cu and Cu/Mo ratio suggests bottom-water anoxia driven by increased organic flux. The Irati Formation was probably deposited in a salinity-stratified body of water, with positive water balance. The main control on the accumulation of the organic-rich sediments was the high organic carbon flux resultant from high primary productivity in surface waters. Anoxia arose as a consequence of increased productivity, not as the primary driver in the formation of these organic-rich rocks.
Tendências temporais e espaciais da qualidade das águas superficiais da sub-bacia do Rio das Velhas, estado de Minas Gerais
Authors: Trindade Ana Laura Cerqueira , Almeida Katiane Cristina de Brito , Barbosa Pedro Engler , Oliveira Sílvia Maria Alves Corrêa
Published: October 2016

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta uma análise da tendência temporal e espacial da qualidade das águas superficiais da sub-bacia do Rio das Velhas, inserida na bacia do Rio São Francisco, em Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram analisados 16.625 dados coletados no período de 2002 a 2011 pelo programa de monitoramento de qualidade das águas superficiais efetuado pelo Instituto Mineiro de Gestão das Águas (Igam). Testes estatísticos, multivariados e não paramétricos foram utilizados para avaliar 11 variáveis físicas, químicas e microbiológicas de 29 estações de monitoramento. Os resultados das análises de tendência Mann-Kendall/Sazonal de Mann-Kendall sugeriram que a maioria dos cursos d'água da região apresentam valores estáveis das variáveis ao longo do período estudado, com maiores alterações associadas a coliformes termotolerantes, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO), nitrato e índice de qualidade das águas (IQA), principalmente nas proximidades dos grandes centros urbanos. A análise de Cluster definiu três grandes grupos de estações de monitoramento, agrupadas segundo a qualidade de suas águas, correspondentes aos níveis de alta poluição, poluição moderada e baixa poluição. No entanto, ao longo de toda a sub-bacia, foi observada a degradação da qualidade da água durante o período estudado, principalmente relacionada ao lançamento de esgotos domésticos. Uma importante constatação foi a alteração da qualidade da água no baixo Rio das Velhas, apontada pela tendência de redução do IQA em estações localizadas nessa região, o que merece atenção dos órgãos governamentais para ações de manejo.
Estabilidade de silagens de grãos úmidos de milho e milho reidratado
Authors: SILVA Camilla Mendonça , AMARAL Pedro Nelson César do , BAGGIO Rafael Alan , TUBIN Jiovani Sergio Bee , CONTE Renato Augusto , PIVO João Carlos Dal , KRAHL Gustavo , ZAMPAR Aline , PAIANO Diovani
Published: October 2016

RESUMO Este trabalho foi realizado para avaliar as características fermentativas e a estabilidade aeróbica das silagens de grãos úmidos de milho: convencional, doce e reidratado. Foi utilizado um delineamento em esquema fatorial 3x3 com três tipos de milho (Fortuna, doce e reidratado) e três tratamentos de inoculação (sem inoculação; com inoculação bacteriana; inoculação bacteriana mais enzimas). Foram avaliados a estabilidade aeróbica (diferença entre temperatura do bulbo seco e temperatura das silagens) e os valores de pH com: 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 168, 192, 216, 240 e 296 horas de exposição aeróbica. Adicionalmente, foram testados diferentes modelos matemáticos para estimar os valores médios de pH pós abertura. Houve interação (P < 0,05) entre os tratamentos de inoculação e tipos de milho para a estabilidade aeróbica e para pH nas horas 72, 168 e 192 após a abertura dos silos. As silagens de milho doce inoculadas apresentaram melhor estabilidade aeróbica quando comparadas com as demais silagens. Para o pH às 48 horas a silagem de milho doce apresentou os menores valores de pH. O tratamento inoculação mais enzimas para a silagem de milho reidratado reduziu o pH 168. A equação de Richard (1959) foi a que melhor estimou os valores de pH para os tipos de inoculação e para o milho reidratado. Para as silagens de milho fortuna e doce o modelo proposto por Morgan et al. (1975) foi o que melhor ajustou os dados.
Características químicas bromatológicas de plantas remanescentes a cultura do mini milho
Authors: ARCANJO JUNIOR Hélio Gomes , NASCIMENTO Willian Gonçalves do , MACEDO Italvan Milfont , RODRIGUES Carlos Ribeiro , SOARES Géssica Solanna Calado , PEREIRA Rodrigo Gomes , SANTOS Leones Costa dos , SANTANA Angélica Valsoní da Silva
Published: October 2016

RESUMO Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar as características nutricionais, os cortes histológicos e a digestibilidade in vitro de plantas de milho colhidas no estágio de 90 dias após o plantio. Os tratamentos compreenderam cinco tipos de milho: um híbrido AG1051 e quatro cultivares de polinização aberta, e duas estratégias de colheita: milho planta inteira e plantas de milho sem espigas. As variedades de milho utilizadas foram: Alagoano, Branquinha, São Luiz e Viçosence. Os tratamentos foram ajustados em um delineamento em blocos ao acaso com três repetições em um esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com as variedades como parcelas principais e as estratégias de colheita como subparcelas. Dentre as variedades selecionadas, as que obtiveram os maiores valores para a PB no milho sem espiga foram as cultivares Alagoano e Viçosence. Para o NDT no milho sem espiga, as variedades que obtiveram os melhores valores (P<0,05) foram o AG1051, a Branquinha e o Viçosence, obtendo estas o maior potencial forrageiro diante as outras cultivares. Para o FDN e DIVFDN no milho sem espiga, a variedade que obteve os maiores valores (P<0,05) foi a Alagoano. Pode-se concluir que, sob o ponto de vista nutricional e estágio de colheita, todas variedades estudadas no experimento podem ser usadas na alimentação de ruminantes, com ou sem espigas.
Desempenho produtivo e características de carcaça de ovinos mantidos em pastos de duas cultivares de capim-bufel manejados em três ofertas de forragem
Authors: OLIVEIRA Rogério Gonçalves de , VOLTOLINI Tadeu Vinhas , MISTURA Cláudio , MORAES Salete Alves de , SOUZA Rafael Araújo , SANTOS Betina Raquel Cunha dos
Published: October 2016

RESUMO Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o consumo de forragem, o desempenho produtivo (ganho médio diário, ganho de peso total e peso corporal final), os parâmetros de carcaça (peso de carcaça quente e rendimento de carcaça quente), além da taxa de lotação e do ganho de peso por unidade de área de pastos de capim-bufel (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) pastejados por ovinos. O trabalho foi realizado no período de setembro de 2009 a agosto de 2010, com o pasto manejado em lotação contínua. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de combinações de duas cultivares de capim-bufel (Biloela e Cpatsa 7754) e três ofertas de forragem (4, 8 e 12kg de matéria seca/100kg de peso corporal ou 4, 8 e 12%) em arranjo fatorial 3 x 2 e delineamento em blocos completos casualizados com três repetições. As variáveis relacionadas com o consumo de forragem, desempenho produtivo do animal, características da carcaça, taxa de lotação e ganho de peso por unidade de área não foram afetadas pelas cultivares, ofertas de forragem e interação entre ofertas de forragem e cultivares. Em média os ovinos apresentaram 452,14g/animal/dia de consumo de forragem, 59,77g/animal/dia de ganho médio diário, 41,51% de rendimento de carcaça quente, enquanto os pastos permitiram em média 11,78 ovinos/ha com a obtenção de 205,64kg/ha/ano de ganho de peso.
Composição químico-bromatológica e degradabilidade in situ de capim- Marandu em sistemas silvipastoris formados por babaçu e em monocultivo
Authors: ARAÚJO Ricardo Alves de , RODRIGUES Rosane Claúdia , COSTA Clésio dos Santos , SANTOS Francisco Naysson Sousa , COSTA Francivaldo Oliveira , LIMA Antonio José Temístocles de , SILVA Ivone Rodrigues da , RODRIGUES Marcônio Martins
Published: October 2016

RESUMO Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar a degradabilidade in situ da matéria seca (MS) e a composição químico-bromatológica dos componentes morfológicos folha e colmo da Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu em sistemas silvipastoris compostos por palmeiras de babaçu (Attalea speciosa) e em monocultivo na região Pré-Amazônica Maranhense. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 0, 80, 131, 160 palmeiras adultas.ha-1, caracterizando monocultura (Mono), baixa densidade de palmeiras (BDP), média densidade de palmeiras (MDP) e alta densidade de palmeiras (ADP) durante os períodos chuvoso e seco. Foram colhidas amostras representativas de cada um dos sistemas silvipastoris, utilizando quadrados de 0,25m2. Eles foram posicionados de forma aleatória em pontos representativos dos pastos no momento da amostragem e as plantas contidas no interior de cada quadrado foram cortadas a cada 28 dias, rente ao solo. As amostras, após pesadas, foram separadas em componentes morfológicos folhas e colmos, levadas a estufa e feitas as análise laboratoriais. O sombreamento proporcionado pelas palmeiras de babaçu influenciou o valor nutritivo do capim-Marandu em ambos os períodos de avaliação, principalmente no teor de proteína bruta nos sistemas silvipastoris, observou-se que a degradabilidade in situ da matéria seca das folhas foi maior que o colmo e que houve pouca influência dos sistemas pastoris nos parâmetros de degradabilidade.
Desempenho de bezerros leiteiros recebendo probiótico contendo Bacillus subtilis e Bacillus licheniformis
Authors: TORREZAN Thais Manzoni , SILVA Jackeline Thais da , MIQUEO Evangelina , ROCHA Nathália Brito , SILVA Fernanda Lavínia Moura , BALDASSIN Samyra , BITTAR Carla Maris Machado
Published: October 2016

RESUMO Foram utilizados 24 bezerros que receberam 4L/dia de sucedâneo, além de livre acesso a água e concentrado até a 8a semana. Os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento de blocos casualizados, em dois tratamentos: 1) Controle: sem a suplementação de probiótico; 2) Suplementação de 2g/d de Bacillus subtilis e Bacillus licheniformis via sucedâneo lácteo. Semanalmente os animais foram pesados e foram aferidas as medidas corporais; também foram realizadas colheitas de sangue para determinação de glicose, proteína total, ureia e albumina, além de hematócrito. Foram colhidas amostras de fezes semanalmente para contagem de bactérias ácido láticas e enterobactérias e determinação de pH fecal. O peso corporal, o ganho de peso médio diário e as medidas corporais não foram alteradas pela suplementação; muito embora tenham apresentado efeito significativo de idade dos animais. O escore fecal, pH fecal e consumo de concentrado diário também não foram afetados pela suplementação. No entanto, o consumo de concentrado e o pH fecal sofreram influência da idade em resposta ao crescimento natural dos bezerros. A contagem de bactérias ácido láticas foi maior em número do que a contagem de enterobactérias durante todo o período. Apenas as enterobactérias sofreram efeito da idade, enquanto as bactérias ácido láticas permaneceram variando, porém dentro de um padrão constante. Os parâmetros sanguíneos também não foram afetados pela suplementação com probiótico mas todos, com a exceção da albumina, tiveram influência da idade. A suplementação com o probiótico não apresentou benefícios no desempenho ou no metabolismo de bezerros leiteiros, também não reduziu a ocorrência de casos de diarreia.