bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A living archive of the oppressed: Revisiting Taiwan's authoritarian past through Freud's “The Ego and the Id”
Authors: Kerr Nini
Published: May 2024

This paper emerged from a sore spot—the kind of sore spot that pulses with an ancient ache, refusing to find stillness. The pain caught me in a passionate unrest, turning my pages and engulfing me in a subdued fury. Re‐reading Freud's The Ego and the Id through a dialogical quest with my mother, it reveals the complexities of psychosocial troubles of identity, desires, and oppression—not solely of individuals but of an entire nation. Historical reiterations of dictatorial “thou shalt” (Freud, 1923, p. 55) echo resoundingly throughout contemporary Taiwan. If Japan stood as the foreign father—stern but devoid of the embrace of love—the subsequent rule of the Republic of China, the “biological” father of Taiwan, was characterized by militarization and violence. My inquiry repositions the father, the manifold “authoritarian fathers” of Taiwan, who fixed social relations into precise configurations of dominance and submission. Furthermore, whilst Freud primarily focused on the relationship between the ego and the super‐ego, this paper highlights instead the significance of the often‐overlooked relationship between the ego and id. This nuanced perspective allows us to perceive the id as a living archive of the oppressed, preserving what has been repressed but never truly forgotten.
Graphene nanosheet reinforcement of polyurethane nanocomposite for green and sustainable photoluminescence, superhydrophobic, and anticorrosive paint
Authors: Khalaf Mai M. , Abd El‐Lateef Hany M. , Abou Taleb Manal F. , Gouda Mohamed
Published: May 2024

A simple and environmentally friendly method was developed for smart and efficient waterborne polyurethane (PUR) paint. Sugarcane bagasse was recycled into reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (rGONSs). Both lanthanide‐doped aluminate nanoparticles (LAN; photoluminescent agent, 7–9 nm) and rGONSs (reinforcement agent) were integrated into a waterborne polyurethane to produce a novel photoluminescent, hydrophobic, and anticorrosive nanocomposite coating. Using ferrocene‐based oxidation under masked circumstances, graphene oxide nanosheets were produced from sugarcane bagasse. The oxidized semicarbazide (SCB) nanostructures were integrated into polyurethane coatings as a drying, anticorrosion, and crosslinking agent. Polyurethane coatings with varying amounts of phosphor pigment were prepared and subsequently applied to mild steel. The produced paints (LAN/rGONSs@PUR) were tested for their hydrophobicity, hardness, and scratch resistance. Commission Internationale de l'éclairage (CIE) Laboratory parameters and photoluminescence analysis established the opacity and colourimetric properties of the nanocomposite coatings. When excited at 365 nm, the luminescent transparent paints emitted a strong greenish light at 517 nm. The anticorrosion characteristics of the coated steel were investigated. The phosphor‐containing (11% w/w) polyurethane coatings displayed the most pronounced anticorrosion capability and long‐persistent luminosity. The prepared waterborne polyurethane paints were very photostable and durable.
What gets measured well is managed well: Determining a hierarchy of interdependencies of environmental elements for effective environmental performance
Authors: Vivek Shiri , Qrunfleh Sufian , Dalela Vivek
Published: May 2024

Climate effects of greenhouse gas emissions, land use, water use, energy use, and waste are a universal concern. With disparate reporting firms and a lack of universal measures of corporate sustainability, environmental sustainability for businesses is an afterthought, with minimal consequences for inaccurate reporting, or green washing and brown washing. This research explores four widely used reporting measures to first derive 12 universally applicable elements from five sustainability themes of emissions, land, water, energy, and waste. Using expert inputs and existing literature, the identified elements are subjected to interpretive structural modeling (ISM) to develop a framework of interdependencies among the elements and their influence on emissions. The framework identifies crucial elements, beyond carbon emissions, that have greater potential to reduce the climate impact of economic activity. Although aware of energy use implications, businesses have long ignored the indirect but catastrophic effects of non‐hazardous waste, the second level element, on climate change.
Antifungal Activity, Mode of Action, and Cytotoxicity of 4‐Chlorobenzyl p‐Coumarate: A Promising New Molecule
Authors: Vieira Melo Ana Karoline , da Nóbrega Alves Danielle , Queiroga Gomes da Costa Palloma Christine , Pereira Lopes Susiany , Pergentino de Sousa Damião , Queiroga Sarmento Guerra Felipe , Vieira Sobral Marianna , Gomes Moura Ana Paula , Scotti Luciana , Dias de Castro Ricardo
Published: May 2024

Fungal infections represent a serious health problem worldwide. The study evaluated the antifungal activity of 4‐chlorobenzyl p‐coumarate, an unprecedented semi‐synthetic molecule. Docking molecular and assay experiments were conducted to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC), mode of action, effect on growth, fungal death kinetics, drug association, effects on biofilm, micromorphology, and against human keratinocytes. The investigation included 16 strains of Candida spp, including C. albicans, C. krusei, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. dubliniensis, C. lusitaniae, C. utilis, C. rugosa, C. guilhermondi, and C. parapsilosis. Docking analysis predicted affinity between the molecule and all tested targets. MIC and MFC values ranged from 3.9 μg/mL (13.54 μM) to 62.5 μg/mL (217.01 μM), indicating a probable effect on the plasma membrane. The molecule inhibited growth from the first hour of testing. Association with nystatin proved to be indifferent. All concentrations of the molecule reduced fungal biofilm. The compound altered fungal micromorphology. The tested compound exhibited an IC50 of 7.90±0.40 μg/mL (27.45±1.42 μM) for keratinocytes. 4‐chlorobenzyl p‐coumarate showed strong fungicidal effects, likely through its action on the plasma membrane and alteration of fungal micromorphology, and mildly cytotoxic to human keratinocytes.
Synthesis, Biological and Molecular Docking Studies of Thiazole‐Thiadiazole derivatives as potential Anti‐Tuberculosis Agents
Authors: Shaikh Samin A. , Labhade Shivaji R. , Kale Raju R. , Pachorkar Prajakta Y. , Meshram Rohan J. , Jain Kamlesh S. , Labhade Hrishikesh S. , Boraste Deepak R. , More Rahul A. , Chobe Santosh S. , Ballabh Debopriya , Wakchaure Satish N.
Published: May 2024

Tuberculosis remains a global health threat, with increasing infection rates and mortality despite existing anti‐TB drugs. The present work focuses on the research findings regarding the development and evaluation of thiadiazole‐linked thiazole derivatives as potential anti‐tuberculosis agents. We present the synthesis data and confirm the compound structures using spectroscopic techniques. The current study reports twelve thiazole‐thiadiazole compounds (5 a–5 l) for their anti‐tuberculosis and related bioactivities. This paper emphasizes compounds 5 g, 5 i, and 5 l, which exhibited promising MIC values, leading to further in silico and interaction analysis. Pharmacophore mapping data included in the present analysis identified tubercular ThyX as potential drug targets. The compounds were evaluated for anti‐tubercular activity using standard methods, revealing significant MIC values, particularly compound 5 l, with the best MIC value of 7.1285 μg/ml. Compounds 5 g and 5 i also demonstrated moderate to good MIC values against M. tuberculosis (H37Ra). Structural inspection of the docked poses revealed interactions such as hydrogen bonds, halogen bonds, and interactions containing Pi electron cloud, shedding light on conserved interactions with residues like Arg 95, Cys 43, His 69, and Arg 87 from the tubercular ThyX enzyme.
Functionalized DNA Origami‐Enabled Detection of Biomarkers
Authors: Yuan Caiqing , Zhou Fei , Xu Zhihao , Wu Dunkai , Hou Pengfei , Yang Donglei , Pan Li , Wang Pengfei
Published: May 2024

Biomarkers are crucial physiological and pathological indicators in the host. Over the years, numerous detection methods have been developed for biomarkers, given their significant potential in various biological and biomedical applications. Among these, the detection system based on functionalized DNA origami has emerged as a promising approach due to its precise control over sensing modules, enabling sensitive, specific, and programmable biomarker detection. We summarize the advancements in biomarker detection using functionalized DNA origami, focusing on strategies for DNA origami functionalization, mechanisms of biomarker recognition, and applications in disease diagnosis and monitoring. These applications are organized into sections based on the type of biomarkers – nucleic acids, proteins, small molecules, and ions – and concludes with a discussion on the advantages and challenges associated with using functionalized DNA origami systems for biomarker detection.
Multifunctional DNA Nanoflower Applied for High Specific Photodynamic Cancer Therapy In Vivo
Authors: Zheng Hao , Feng Xue‐Nan , Jin Xiang‐Wan‐Er , Dai Zhi‐Qi , Lu Sha , Cui Yun‐Xi , Kong De‐Ming
Published: May 2024

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a newly emerged strategy for disease treatment. One challenge of the application of PDT drugs is the side‐effect caused by the non‐specificity of the photosensitive molecules. Most of the photosensitizers may invade not only the pathogenic cells but also the normal cells. In recent, people tried to use special cargoes to deliver the drugs into target cells. DNA nanoflowers (NFs) are a kind of newly‐emerged nanomaterial which constructed through DNA rolling cycle amplification (RCA) reaction. It is reported that the DNA NFs were suitable materials which have been widely applied as nanocargos for drug delivery in cancer chemotherapeutic treatment. In this paper, we have introduced a new multifunctional DNA NF which could be prepared through an one‐pot RCA reaction. This proposed DNA NF contained a versatile AS1411 G‐quadruplex moiety, which plays key roles not only for specific recognition of cancer cells but also for near‐infrared ray based photodynamic therapy when conjugating with a special porphyrin molecule. We demonstrated that the DNA NF showed good selectivity toward cancer cells, leading to highly efficient photo‐induced cytotoxicity. Moreover, the in vivo experiment results suggested this DNA NF is a promising nanomaterial for clinical PDT.
A rare case of non‐lupus full house nephropathy in a transplanted kidney, case report
Authors: Matarneh Ahmad Samir , Salameh Omar , Sardar Sundus , Karasinski Amanda , Channapragada Theja , Abdulbasit Muhammad , Washburn Erik , Ghahramani Nasrollah
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

Non‐lupus full house nephropathy is a rare entity that is still poorly understood. It can complicate post‐transplant kidneys and result in a de novo process. Treatment is difficult but can be possibly achieved with optimization of immune suppression.

Non‐lupus full house nephropathy is a rare entity with an unclear incidence. It describes the kidney biopsy findings of positive deposits for IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, and C1q on immunofluorescence in the absence of the classical diagnostic features of systemic lupus nephritis. This disease entity is becoming more recognized but further studies are still needed to evaluate the incidence, etiologies, and management of this condition. Transplant glomerulopathy is a major cause for renal graft loss. It can present with a wide variety of manifestations; it can cause AKI, CKD, or glomerular inflammations through an immune complex or autoimmune‐mediated damage.
Spectroelectrochemical Exploration of Biogenic Substrates for Electrosynthesis
Authors: Kurig Nils , Palkovits Regina
Published: May 2024

Spectroelectrochemistry, especially ATR‐SEIRAS, is an emerging method to identify key descriptors for optimizing reaction systems in organic electrosynthesis. Here, the upgrading of biogenic acids via Kolbe electrolysis and reductive transformations was studied. The findings affirm acid group adsorption on electrodes, consistent with existing literature. The effectiveness of Kolbe reaction in suppressing the parasitic ethanol oxidation reaction was observed, whereas it faces stiff competition from the methanol oxidation reaction. Parallel reduction and reductive amination of levulinic acid were uncovered, both relying on adsorbed organic species rather than molecular H2. Intriguingly, the electrode's polarization influences the bond strength, enabling discrimination between acid and ketone species within levulinic acid.
Hydrodeoxygenation of Oxygen‐Containing Aromatic Plastic Wastes into Cycloalkanes and Aromatics
Authors: Wang Nan , Liu Jieyi , Liu Sibao , Liu Guozhu
Published: May 2024

Chemical recycling and upcycling offer promising approaches for the management of plastic wastes. Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is one of the appealing ways for conversion of oxygen‐containing plastic wastes, including polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polycarbonate (PC), polyphenyl ether (PPO), and polyether ether ketone (PEEK), into cyclic alkanes and aromatics in high yields under mild reaction conditions. The challenge lies in achieving C−O activation while preserving C−C bonds. In this review, we highlight the recent advancements in catalytic strategies and catalysts for the conversion of these oxygen‐containing plastic wastes into cycloalkanes and aromatics. The reaction systems, including multi‐step routes, direct HDO and transfer HDO methods, are exemplified. The design and performance of HDO catalysts are systematically summarized and compared. We comprehensively discuss the functions of the catalysts’ components, reaction pathway and mechanism to gain insights into the HDO process for efficient valorization of oxygen‐containing plastic wastes. Finally, we provide perspectives for this field, with specific emphasis on the non‐noble metal catalyst design, selectivity control, reaction network and mechanism studies, mixed plastic wastes management and product functionalization. We anticipate that this review will inspire innovations on the catalytic process development and rational catalyst design for the HDO of oxygen‐containing aromatic plastics to establish a low‐emission circular economy.
Soil Fertility, Fertilizers, and Crop Nutrition: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Mikkelsen Robert , Blaylock Alan
Published: May 2024

Over the past few decades, the North American fertilizer sector has experienced significant transformations, integrating into the global supply chain, which is pivotal for sustaining an abundant source of food, fiber, and energy. While the fundamental fertilizer products containing N, P, K, and S have remained largely unchanged, common fertilizers have evolved into agricultural commodities that are extensively traded on a global scale. Consequently, farmers often lack visibility into the origins of the fertilizers used for their crops. The role of the modern plant nutrient industry is essential for feeding a hungry world and preventing degradation of vital soil resources. There is growing awareness of the need for enhanced nutrient stewardship to meet local, regional, and global concerns. This is the second article in a three‐part series on the past, present, and future of the North American fertilizer industry. Earn 1.5 CEUs in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Use of medical therapy and risk of clinical events according to frailty in heart failure patients – A real‐life cohort study
Authors: Zahir Anjum Deewa , Strange Jarl E. , Fosbøl Emil , Garred Caroline Hartwell , Elmegaard Mariam , Andersson Charlotte , Jhund Pardeep S. , McMurray John J.V. , Petrie Mark C. , Kober Lars , Schou Morten
Published: May 2024

Aims

Although recent randomized clinical trials have demonstrated the advantages of heart failure (HF) therapy in both frail and not frail patients, there is insufficient information on the use of HF therapy based on frailty status in a real‐world setting. The aim was to examine how frailty status in HF patients associates with use of HF therapy and with clinical outcomes.

Methods and results

Patients with new‐onset HF between 2014 and 2021 were identified using the nationwide Danish registers. Patients across the entire range of ejection fraction were included. The associations between frailty status (using the Hospital Frailty Risk Score) and use of HF therapy and clinical outcomes (all‐cause mortality, HF hospitalization, and non‐HF hospitalization) were evaluated using multivariable‐adjusted Cox models adjusting for age, sex, diagnostic setting, calendar year, comorbidities, pharmacotherapy, and socioeconomic status. Of 35 999 participants (mean age 69.1 years), 68% were not frail, 26% were moderately frail, and 6% were severely frail. The use of HF therapy was significantly lower in frailer patients. The hazard ratio (HR) for angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker initiation was 0.74 (95% confidence interval 0.70–0.77) and 0.48 (0.43–0.53) for moderate frailty and severe frailty, respectively. For beta‐blockers, the corresponding HRs were 0.74 (0.71–0.78) and 0.51 (0.46–0.56), respectively, and for mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, 0.83 (0.80–0.87) and 0.58 (0.53–0.64), respectively. The prevalence of death and non‐HF hospitalization increased with frailty status. The HR for death was 1.55 (1.47–1.63) and 2.32 (2.16–2.49) for moderate and severe frailty, respectively, and the HR for non‐HF hospitalization was 1.37 (1.32–1.41) and 1.82 (1.72–1.92), respectively. The association between frailty status and HF hospitalization was not significant (HR 1.08 [1.02–1.14] and 1.08 [0.97–1.20], respectively).

Conclusion

In real‐world HF patients, frailty was associated with lower HF therapy use and with a higher incidence of clinical outcomes including mortality and non‐HF hospitalization.
Voltammetric study of bathocuproine disulphonate/copper system
Authors: Bura‐Nakić Elvira , Crmarić Dora , Cukrov Nuša , Mlakar Marina
Published: May 2024

The cathodic stripping voltammetry of copper in the presence of a Cu(I) ligand probe (bathocuproine disulfonate ‐ BCS) is investigated. The Cu(I)‐BCS and Cu(II)‐BCS complexes formed are reduced, at approximately −0.55 V and −0.90 V against Ag/AgCl, respectively. The reduction of Cu(I)‐BCS is accompanied by disproportionation to Cu(0) and Cu(II) and Cu(II)‐BCS reduction to Cu(0) at potentials of about −0.55 V and −0.90 V vs. Ag/AgCl, respectively. The reduction mechanism of both complexes was recognized as an irreversible redox reaction followed by a chemical dissociation reaction (EC mechanism). The BCS ligand shows strong adsorption on the mercury drop electrode and is a selective ligand for Cu(I) ions, especially when EDTA is added to the solution. By extending the applied accumulation time, adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry offers the possibility to study Cu(I) and Cu(II) redox speciation in the nmol concentration range in the environment and in biological matrices.
Development of Superior Nickel Oxide Layer for Boosted Hole‐Transport Performance in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Jinyu , Liu Rui , Gou Yunsheng , Xu Maoxia , Ren Haorong , Luo WenJie , Cai Xudong , Tang Shuihua , Li Zhenyu , Yu Hua
Published: May 2024

Although revolutionary power conversion efficiency progress has been realized for inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the selection and optimization of the hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) are still crucial for fabricating high‐efficiency, stable, and low‐cost PSCs. Nickel oxide (NiOx) is widely used in the PSCs community for material design and modification. However, various NiOx synthesis processes lead to kinds of NiOx, and it is difficult to determine which NiOx is suitable for application in PSCs. Herein, two kinds of NiOx HTMs are synthesized using sol–gel processed and chemical‐calcination‐processed (CCP) routes for the preparation of PSCs. Based on the physical properties of two kinds of NiOx HTMs as well as the corresponding photovoltaic parameters of PSCs, it is demonstrated that superior NiOx HTMs is obtained by the CCP method with the following properties: high transmittance to ensure sufficient sunlight capture of perovskite, appropriate energy levels to promote hole extraction and transfer, high conductivity to support charge transfer, and a good wetting surface to boost perovskite spreading and film formation. Thus, in this study, the direction for the reasonable selection of HTMs is pointed out to prepare efficient PSCs.
Evaluation of aesthetic outcomes of mandibular reconstruction using artificial intelligence
Authors: Hidaka Takeaki , Miyamoto Shimpei , Furuse Kiichi , Fukunaga Yutaka , Oshima Azusa , Matsuura Kazuto , Higashino Takuya
Published: May 2024

Background

Although vascularized bone graft (VBG) transfer is the current standard for mandibular reconstruction, reconstruction with a mandibular reconstruction plate (MRP) and with a soft‐tissue flap (STF) alone remain crucial options for patients with poor general conditions. However, objective aesthetic outcome evaluations for these methods are limited.

Methods

In a retrospective analysis of 65 patients (VBG, 33; MRP, 19; and STF, 13), mandibular asymmetry value was calculated for each patient's photograph using facial recognition AI, with a higher value indicating worse asymmetry.

Results

The MRP group had a value comparable to the VBG group regardless of mandibular defect types. The STF group had a significantly higher value than the VBG group.

Conclusions

Regarding cosmesis, STF was inferior to VBG, whereas MRP was comparable to VBG, even for anterior defects for which rigid reconstruction is mandatory. However, MRP's risks of plate‐related complications limit its use to cases where VBG is contraindicated or with poor prognosis.

Level of Evidence

4.
Longitudinal associations between attachment representations coded in the adult attachment interview in late adolescence and perceptions of romantic relationship adjustment in adulthood
Authors: Dagan Or , Nivison Marissa D. , Bleil Maria E. , Booth‐LaForce Cathryn , Waters Theodore E. A. , Roisman Glenn I.
Published: May 2024

Increasingly, researchers have operationalized Adult Attachment Interview (AAI)‐derived attachment representations as reflecting individual differences in secure base script knowledge (AAIsbs) – the degree to which individuals show awareness of the temporal‐causal schema that summarizes the basic features of seeking and receiving effective support from caregivers when in distress. In a series of pre‐registered analyses, we used AAI transcripts recently re‐coded for AAIsbs and leveraged a new follow‐up assessment of the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development cohort at around age 30 years (479 currently partnered participants; 59% female; 82% White/non‐Hispanic) to assess and compare the links between AAIsbs and traditional AAI coding measures at around age 18 years and self‐reported romantic relationship quality in adulthood. Higher AAIsbs predicted better dyadic adjustment scores in adulthood (r = 0.17) and this association remained significant controlling for other AAI‐derived coding measures, as well as sociodemographic and cognitive functioning covariates. Findings extend previous evidence pointing to the predictive significance of AAIsbs for multiple adult functioning domains.
Confinement as a Tool in Chemistry: Accelerated Intracapsular Dimerization of Cyclopentadiene in Water
Authors: Sam Sunny Amal , Ramamurthy Vaidhyanathan
Published: May 2024

In this study, the occurrence of Diels–Alder reaction of cyclopentadiene yielding dicyclopentadiene within a confined closed space provided by octa acid (OA) in water at room temperature is established. The Diels–Alder reaction within the OA capsule occurs at least 2000 times faster than in water. Catalysis of Diels–Alder reaction by hosts such as cyclodextrin, cucurbituril, and Fujita's Pd nano–host occurs in water. Despite their similarity, these three hosts provide an open environment where the reactant molecules are exposed to aqueous environment. The only fully closed host known to catalyze the Diels–Alder reaction in water is OA. Although Rebek's host is established to catalyze Diels–Alder reaction it occurs in an organic solvent. The closed environment explored in this presentation provides an opportunity to better understand the origin of non–covalent catalysis in a restricted space and in water. Because the product binds stronger than the reactant, disappointingly, the capsule can't be recycled. We recognize that this aspect needs to be addressed for the OA capsule to become synthetically useful. We are in the process of understanding the origin of catalysis and finding ways to make reaction recyclable.
Diagnosis and treatment of atopic skin syndrome in cats
Authors: Wyatt Eleanor , Buckley Laura
Published: May 2024

Background: Feline allergic skin disease presents a diagnostic challenge due to the potentially subtle and widely variable clinical presentations known as feline reaction patterns. Cats are often secretive in their pruritic behaviours and so, unlike with canine disease, the clinical history for a cat may not give insight into the presence of pruritus. Once a diagnosis of feline allergic disease is achieved, there are several treatment options available; however, the majority have not been studied extensively in cats and many represent off‐license use.

Aim of the article: This article outlines the relevant steps in making a diagnosis of feline atopic skin syndrome and reviews the treatment options available.
Exploring factors that influence the efficacy of functional communication training
Authors: Weber Jessie , Fahmie Tara , Walker Seth , Lambert Joseph , Copeland Bailey , Freetly Thomas , Zangrillo Amanda
Published: May 2024

Understanding factors that influence the efficacy of functional communication training has both practical and conceptual benefits. The current study extended research in this area by exploring data from 95 consecutive applications of functional communication training with extinction across two independent clinics. We selected candidate predictor variables based on conceptual analysis, conducted preliminary exploratory analyses, and then selectively applied quantitative methods that are used in precision medicine to examine their accuracy and predictive utility. Treatment outcomes were better when challenging behavior was maintained by a single function than they were when it was maintained by multiple functions; however, these differences were most apparent among cases with an escape function. We also analyzed within‐session responding to explore the potential influence of unprogrammed establishing operations on decrements in treatment efficacy. Our within‐session measure only distinguished responders from nonresponders when escape was one of the multiple functions. Additional research is needed to validate these findings with an independent sample and to address a number of clinical conceptual issues.
GelMA‐based hydrogel biomaterial scaffold: A versatile platform for regenerative endodontics
Authors: Huang Lei , Chen Xuan , Yang XiaoXia , Zhang Yinchun , Qiu Xiaoling
Published: May 2024

Endodontic therapy, while generally successful, is primarily limited to mature teeth, hence the pressing need to explore regenerative approaches. Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels have emerged as pivotal biomaterials, promising a bright future for dental pulp regeneration. Despite advancements in tissue engineering and biomaterials, achieving true pulp tissue regeneration remains a formidable task. GelMA stands out for its injectability, rapid gelation, and excellent biocompatibility, serving as the cornerstone of scaffold materials. In the pursuit of dental pulp regeneration, GelMA holds significant potential, facilitating the delivery of stem cells, growth factors, and other vital substances crucial for tissue repair. Presently, in the field of dental pulp regeneration, researchers have been diligently utilizing GelMA hydrogels as engineering scaffolds to transport various effective substances to promote pulp regeneration. However, existing research is relatively scattered and lacks comprehensive reviews and summaries. Therefore, the primary objective of this article is to elucidate the application of GelMA hydrogels as regenerative scaffolds in this field, thereby providing clear direction for future researchers. Additionally, this article provides a comprehensive discussion on the synthesis, characterization, and application of GelMA hydrogels in root canal therapy regeneration. Furthermore, it offers new application strategies and profound insights into future challenges, such as optimizing GelMA formulations to mimic the complex microenvironment of pulp tissue and enhancing its integration with host tissues.
Deep reinforcement learning in chemistry: A review
Authors: Sridharan Bhuvanesh , Sinha Animesh , Bardhan Jai , Modee Rohit , Ehara Masahiro , Priyakumar U. Deva
Published: May 2024

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been applied to various domains in computational chemistry and has found wide‐spread success. In this review, we first motivate the application of RL to chemistry and list some broad application domains, for example, molecule generation, geometry optimization, and retrosynthetic pathway search. We set up some of the formalism associated with reinforcement learning that should help the reader translate their chemistry problems into a form where RL can be used to solve them. We then discuss the solution formulations and algorithms proposed in recent literature for these problems, the advantages of one over the other, together with the necessary details of the RL algorithms they employ. This article should help the reader understand the state of RL applications in chemistry, learn about some relevant actively‐researched open problems, gain insight into how RL can be used to approach them and hopefully inspire innovative RL applications in Chemistry.
A specific natural killer cells phenotypic signature associated to long term elite control of HIV infection
Authors: Rallón Norma , Jiménez‐Carretero Daniel , Restrepo Clara , Ligos José M. , Valentín‐Quiroga Jaime , Mahillo Ignacio , Cabello Alfonso , López‐Collazo Eduardo , Sánchez‐Cabo Fátima , Górgolas Miguel , Estrada Vicente , Benito José M. ,   ECRIS integrated in the Spanish AIDS Research Network
Published: May 2024

Elite controllers (ECs) are an exceptional group of people living with HIV (PLWH) that control HIV replication without therapy. Among the mechanisms involved in this ability, natural killer (NK)‐cells have recently gained much attention. We performed an in‐deep phenotypic analysis of NK‐cells to search for surrogate markers associated with the long term spontaneous control of HIV. Forty‐seven PLWH (22 long‐term EC [PLWH‐long‐term elite controllers (LTECs)], 15 noncontrollers receiving antiretroviral treatment [ART] [PLWH‐onART], and 10 noncontrollers cART‐naïve [PLWH‐offART]), and 20 uninfected controls were included. NK‐cells homeostasis was analyzed by spectral flow cytometry using a panel of 15 different markers. Data were analyzed using FCSExpress and R software for unsupervised multidimensional analysis. Six different subsets of NK‐cells were defined on the basis of CD16 and CD56 expression, and the multidimensional analysis revealed the existence of 68 different NK‐cells clusters based on the expression levels of the 15 different markers. PLWH‐offART presented the highest disturbance of NK‐cells homeostasis and this was not completely restored by long‐term ART. Interestingly, long term spontaneous control of HIV (PLWH‐LTEC group) was associated with a specific profile of NK‐cells homeostasis disturbance, characterized by an increase of CD16dimCD56dim subset when compared to uninfected controls (UC) group and also to offART and onART groups (p < 0.0001 for the global comparison), an increase of clusters C16 and C26 when compared to UC and onART groups (adjusted p‐value < 0.05 for both comparisons), and a decrease of clusters C10 and C20 when compared to all the other groups (adjusted p‐value < 0.05 for all comparisons). These findings may provide clues to elucidate markers of innate immunity with a relevant role in the long‐term control of HIV.
Assessment of Pulmonary Arterial Vascular Impedance in Fetuses With Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Liu Yushan , Xu Ran , Zhou Dan , Yang Yang , Xu Ganqiong , Zeng Shi
Published: May 2024

Objective

To evaluate the vascular impedance of the pulmonary arteries in fetuses with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) by Doppler echocardiography.

Methods

A total of 42 fetuses with TOF (TOF group) and 84 gestational age‐matched normal fetuses (control group) were prospectively collected from the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from August 2022 to January 2023. The severity of TOF was classified into mild TOF (z score ≥−2), moderate TOF (−4 < z score < −2), or severe TOF (z score ≤−4) according to the z score value of the pulmonary annulus diameter. The pulsatility index (PI) of the main pulmonary artery (MPA), distal left pulmonary artery (DLPA), and distal right pulmonary artery (DRPA) were measured by pulsed‐wave Doppler. The differences in clinical data and echocardiographic parameters between TOF group, control group, and TOF subgroups were compared.

Results

Compared with the control group, MPA‐PI increased significantly, whereas DLPA‐PI and DRPA‐PI decreased in TOF group (all P < .001). There were no significant differences in MPA‐PI and DRPA‐PI among mild TOF, moderate TOF, and severe TOF (all P > .05). However, DLPA‐PI decreased significantly in severe TOF compared with mild TOF (P < .05).

Conclusion

Fetuses with TOF presented increased vascular impedance in the pulmonary trunk and decreased impedance in distal pulmonary artery branches. Further large and follow‐up studies are needed to demonstrate the associations between those changed vascular impedances and the development of PA in patients with TOF.
Downed wood removal effects on survival and site fidelity of woodrats in a California oak woodland
Authors: Smyser Timothy J. , Hardy Michael A. , Davis Amy J. , Preston William L. , Tietje William D.
Published: May 2024

Owing to the increasing intensity and frequency of wildfires in the western United States, the removal of woody debris (downed dead wood and snags) from fire‐prone landscapes is being evaluated for wildfire mitigation. Consequently, the study of the ecological value of coarse woody debris to sustain dependent species has become of foremost importance. From 2004–2009, we used a before‐after control‐impact (BACI) study design to assess the effects of downed wood removal on a population of big‐eared woodrats (Neotoma macrotis) in an oak woodland (Quercus spp.) in coastal‐central California, USA. Using Pollock's robust design mark‐recapture analyses (with 12 primary capture occasions represented by trapping each spring and fall, and secondary occasions composed of 3 trap nights), we estimated survival and emigration rates. Further, applying mixed‐effects models, we evaluated the effects of 7 habitat attributes on woodrat abundance and reproduction. Following the experimental removal of downed wood from the 11 randomly selected treatment plots, woodrat survival was higher (P = 0.013), and emigration was lower (P = 0.007) among 11 control plots on which downed wood was retained. Woodrat abundance within plots was best predicted by stem density, demonstrating positive demographic associations with habitat complexity. Plot‐level reproductive success (i.e., the presence of juveniles within a plot during spring) was more likely with increasing snag density. These findings indicate that snags and downed dead wood are key components of high‐quality habitat for big‐eared woodrats. Management of woody debris to mitigate wildfire risk should consider the ecological value of this habitat attribute for big‐eared woodrats and other dependent species.
Reactivity and detailed reaction mechanism of quasi‐tetrahedral o‐azophenylboronic acid
Authors: Kuroda Azusa , Suzuki Yota , Shintani Yoshihisa , Sugaya Tomoaki , Ishihara Koji
Published: May 2024

Quasi‐tetrahedral o‐azophenylboronic acid (azoB‐ROH), which contains the protic solvent ROH, is a key species in the colorimetric sensing of saccharides by o‐azophenylboronic acid (azoB). In this study, we compared the reactivity of azoB‐ROH with that of trigonal azoB and tetrahedral o‐azophenylboronate (azoB‐OH−), and clarified the reaction mechanism of azoB‐ROH with cis‐1,2‐cyclopentanediol and D‐glucose. Analysis of the kinetics of the reactions of azoB with cis‐1,2‐cyclopentanediol and D‐glucose in DMSO:water = 1:9 and azoB with cis‐1,2‐cyclopentanediol in tetrahydrofuran containing a small amount of methanol revealed that there was not much difference in the reactivity of azoB‐H2O and azoB‐OH−, although the reactivity of azoB was higher than that of azoB‐MeOH, that is, the reaction mechanism of azoB‐H2O was essentially the same as that of azoB‐OH−.
Urbanization intensifies the imbalance between human development and biodiversity conservation: Insights from the coupling analysis of human activities and habitat quality
Authors: Li Le , Wang Na , Hao Zezhou , Sun Bing , Gao Bingtao , Gou Mengmeng , Wang Peng , Pei Nancai
Published: May 2024

Intensified human activities have been seriously threatening the structure and ecological processes of ecosystems, resulting in habitat degradation. Therefore, coordinating the coupling between human activities and habitat quality (HQ) is crucial for high‐quality sustainable regional development and human well‐being. This study evaluated the human activities and HQ in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) urban agglomeration in China from 2000 to 2020 using the human footprint index (HFI) and the integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs model. Then, we employed bivariate spatial autocorrelation and a coupling coordination degree (CCD) model to explore the synergistic relationship between human activities and HQ. The results show that spatial changes in HQ were predominantly driven by human activities. The gradual outward urban expansion resulted in significant HQ degradation. Slight HQ improvement by ecological restoration in urban outskirts cannot offset HQ losses caused by urbanization. During the study period, high‐HQ low‐HFI clusters decreased by 1.02%, while low‐HQ high‐HFI clusters increased by 4.67%, the two main clustering types in the PRD. Despite the CCD between HFI and HQ increased after 2010, the continuous changes of CCD characteristics from the HFI significantly lagged type to the HQ lagged. HFI showed an inverted U‐shaped relationship with CCD. The CCD peaks during 2000–2020 corresponded to HFI decreasing from 0.711 to 0.566. This indicates that the risk of decoupling between human activities and HQ gradually increased. Furthermore, CCD levels and characteristics in different bivariate clusters exhibited varying changes over time. These results reveal that the spatiotemporal dislocation between urbanization and ecological restoration induced the spatial nonstationarity of the coupling relationship between human activities and HQ. Urbanization exacerbates the imbalance between human development and biodiversity conservation. Therefore, we suggest reasonably delimiting urban boundaries, controlling the scale of urban sprawl, and strengthening biodiversity protection in areas undergoing rapid urbanization. In addition, we advocate for the division of ecological barrier zones, urban development buffer zones, and urban built‐up areas, each with tailored management and protection measures. Our findings can provide an important reference for the ecological restoration of urban agglomerations.
Assessing N2 fixation flux and its controlling factors in the (sub)tropical western North Pacific through high‐resolution observations
Authors: Yu Xinran , Wen Zuozhu , Jiang Ruotong , Yang Jin‐Yu Terence , Cao Zhimian , Hong Haizheng , Zhou Yuntao , Shi Dalin
Published: May 2024

The (sub)tropical western North Pacific is potentially an area of intense nitrogen (N2) fixation in the global ocean, despite limited understanding of the flux and controlling factors. We conducted high‐resolution observations from 2016 to 2021 in this region and used machine learning algorithms to simulate N2 fixation flux. Models estimated an N2 fixation flux from 5.72 to 6.45 Tg N yr−1, with strong seasonal variation and peak rates in summer. The western North Pacific Subtropical Gyre and the Kuroshio Current contributed more to N2 fixation flux than did the adjacent areas. Models suggested that sea surface temperature, photosynthetically available radiation, and nutrient supply were most strongly correlated with seasonal and spatial variations in N2 fixation. This study provides an improved estimation of N2 fixation in the western North Pacific and advances our understanding of its role in ocean productivity.
Linearization of holomorphic Lipschitz functions
Authors: Aron Richard , Dimant Verónica , García‐Lirola Luis C. , Maestre Manuel
Published: May 2024

Let and be complex Banach spaces with denoting the open unit ball of . This paper studies various aspects of the holomorphic Lipschitz space , endowed with the Lipschitz norm. This space consists of the functions in the intersection of the sets of Lipschitz mappings and of bounded holomorphic mappings, from to . Thanks to the Dixmier–Ng theorem, is indeed a dual space, whose predual shares linearization properties with both the Lipschitz‐free space and Dineen–Mujica predual of . We explore the similarities and differences between these spaces, and combine techniques to study the properties of the space of holomorphic Lipschitz functions. In particular, we get that contains a 1‐complemented subspace isometric to and that has the (metric) approximation property whenever has it. We also analyze when is a subspace of , and we obtain an analog of Godefroy's characterization of functionals with a unique norm preserving extension in the holomorphic Lipschitz context.
Designing product upgrades in the presence of online consumer reviews
Authors: Zhu Yalan , Liang Gongqian
Published: May 2024

When consumers decide whether to buy an experience good, they usually search for online reviews to reduce quality uncertainty. In this paper, we consider that consumers may strategically wait for the new generation product and consult reviews of the previous generation product in the same series while facing sequential launching products. We develop a two‐period analytical model analyzing how the presence of intergenerational reviews influences the firm's decision on product upgrades. Our analysis obtains three main findings. First, when online reviews are less efficient and consumers are more strategic, the firm should skip the old product due to the severe product cannibalization effect. Second, negative reviews discourage the firm from quality improvement, and positive reviews drive the firm to provide quality improvement at a high price. Third, the firm chooses a decreasing price path without online reviews. However, an increasing price path is preferred in the presence of online reviews when online reviews are positive, the efficiency of consumer reviews is high, and consumers are more strategic. Our study indicates that online reviews have important influence on product generation design, and the firm should carefully evaluate online reviews of the old product when designing its new generation product.
The impact of trademark intensity on firm performance: Unraveling the role of product market competition, total factor productivity, and SG&A efficiency
Authors: Patel Pankaj C.
Published: May 2024

Using the market‐based‐view of the firm, this study investigates the relationship between trademark intensity and firm performance under the conditions of product market competition, total factor productivity, and SG&A efficiency. Higher trademark intensity is more positively associated with performance, and this positive association is amplified under higher product market competition or weakened under higher SG&A efficiency or total factor productivity. To address potential endogeneity, we employ partialing out lasso regression and cross‐fit partialing out lasso regression techniques, which yield consistent results. The findings provide valuable insights into the interplay between trademark intensity and firm performance.
Continuous Levodopa Delivery with an Intraoral Micropump System: An Open‐Label Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Study
Authors: Olanow C. Warren , McIntyre Deborah , Matarazzo Michele , Leinonen Mika , McGarry Andrew , Kamp Cornelia , Kennedy Julie , Torti Margherita , Kruger Rejko , Obeso José A. , Stocchi Fabrizio , Heller Ephraim , Kieburtz Karl
Published: May 2024

Background

Double‐blind studies have demonstrated that motor complications in Parkinson's disease (PD) can be reduced with continuous delivery of levodopa. The DopaFuse system is a novel, intraoral micropump that attaches to a retainer and uses a propellant to deliver levodopa/carbidopa (LD/CD) continuously into the mouth.

Objectives

Evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of LD/CD delivered via the DopaFuse system compared to treatment with intermittent doses of standard oral LD/CD in PD patients with motor fluctuations.

Methods

This was a 2‐week, open‐label study (NCT04778176) in 16 PD patients treated with ≥4 levodopa doses/day and experiencing motor fluctuations. On Day 1 (clinic setting) patients received their usual dose of standard LD/CD; DopaFuse therapy was initiated on Day 2, and on Day 3 patients received DopaFuse plus a morning oral LD/CD dose. Patients returned home on Days 4–14 and returned for in‐clinic assessment on Day 15.

Results

Continuous DopaFuse delivery of LD/CD was associated with reduced variability in plasma levodopa levels compared to oral LD/CD (mean ± SD levodopa Fluctuation Index reduced from 2.15 ± 0.59 on Day1 to 1.50 ± 0.55 on Day 2 (P = 0.0129) and to 1.03 ± 0.53 on Day 3 (P < 0.0001)). This pharmacokinetic improvement translated into significantly reduced OFF time with DopaFuse therapy (reduction of −1.72 ± 0.37 h at Day 15; P = 0.0004) and increased ON time without severe dyskinesias (increase of 1.72 ± 0.37 h at Day 15; P = 0.0004) versus oral LD/CD administration. DopaFuse therapy was not associated with any clinically significant adverse events.

Conclusions

Continuous delivery of LD/CD using the DopaFuse system was associated with significantly less variability in plasma levodopa concentrations and reductions in OFF time compared to treatment with standard oral LD/CD therapy and was well tolerated. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Professional development aids peers, family support specialists
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: May 2024

Inspiring recovery and wellness through professional development and continuing education in order to equip emerging leaders and strengthen the peer and family support workforce is the stated mission behind an Arizona‐based organization's intent to improve workforce development and address workforce shortages.
Ridgelet transform on Gelfand–Shilov‐type spaces
Authors: Pathak Ashish , Rao Ashwani
Published: May 2024

We construct Gelfand–Shilov spaces of type
and discuss the continuity and boundedness of the ridgelet transform. We then extend the analysis to generalized functions and explore its application to the space of tempered ultradistributions. Finally, we extend our findings to Gevrey functions of compact support. We also discuss an application of the ridgelet transform in image processing.