bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Roman coins in mediaeval female burials from the territory of Serbia: Possible interpretations
Authors: Ćirić Gordana
Published: November 2016

The paper explores the phenomenon of secondary usage of Roman coins (2nd to 4th century) in Mediaeval necropolises (10th to 15th century) in the territory of Serbia. The research is focused upon the graves in which the coins are used as ornaments on the costume of the deceased, most frequently reshaped as pendants. This type of secondary usage is only registered in female graves. The paper aims to suggest the interpretation of this phenomenon via the analysis of value and importance of secondarily used coins in the formation of family treasures, defined in important and critical moments of the social life. The possibility is explored of the graves in which female individuals were buried with parts of their dowry. The construction of meaning of these objects is analysed through their exchange in the customs linked to marriage and, finally, funerary practices. Since the Roman coins are scarce and exclusively made of bronze, it may be concluded that the definition of their value and importance is based upon the symbolic and representational levels. The starting point of the paper is the concept of the social biography of objects, in order to further investigate the link between the Serbian Mediaeval social structure and evaluation of the coins in rural communities of the Central Balkans.
Vasić’s law of periphery
Authors: Milosavljević Monika , Palavestra Aleksandar
Published: November 2016

The understanding of the ways in which the pioneer of Serbian archaeology Miloje M. Vasić explained cultural changes is important for the archaeological tradition we work in. Consequently, the aim here is to detect the weak spots in the epistemological foundations of the Serbian archaeology and to enable the improvement of the conceptual tools we use. Vasić’s entire interpretive concept of the praehistoric Danubian valley periphery was constructed before the World War I, and stated that it was decisively influenced by the religious ideas from the cult centres of the Aegean, and by the direct contact with the Greek colonists as well. Searching for the explanations for the then unknown material culture of Vinča, he chose cult objects because he believed these objects preserved conservative practices and reflected conservative tendencies of communities. The conclusions founded upon cult objects Vasić transformed into generalizations related to all other phenomena. Having chosen his sample, he used specific methods for analysis of archaeological material, developing a complex mechanism to explain how in the periphery these original ideas were transformed beyond recognition. He used stylistic analysis and method of groups, proceeding to the Kopienkritik  method, developed by his teacher Adolf Furtwangler. Just like written sources are valorised by their place in the chain of reproduction form the original, in the same manner certain objects represent forms whose distance from the centre can be estimated. However, Vasić further complicated his equation, by introducing at least one more force operating upon the degeneration of objects on the periphery – the influence of deep substrate levels of the peripheral cultures. This intersection of forces may be labelled as Vasić’s “law of periphery”, according to which the corruption of material culture in the periphery is influenced by the distance from the centre and the conservatism of the deeper popular layers. Although he linked this profound traditionalism of population to the survivals, in Vasić’s interpretive key these in fact represent the mutated form of the concept of survivals, borrowed from unilineal evolutionism, and are more linked to substrate, according to which continuity is supposed to be monitored, than to evolutionary phases of development. He identified this mutated concept of survivals and substrate in folk customs, the most famous being the recognition of the Dionysian ritual in the ethnographic present of his time. This manner of chronologically and spatially unlimited analogical reasoning inevitably led to erroneous interpretations, with long-lasting epistemological consequences in Serbian archaeology.
Naučne mreže Miodraga Grbića i njihov uticaj na srpsku arheologiju
Authors: Bandović Aleksandar
Published: November 2016

In order to understand the creation, spread, adoption, and maintenance of scientific ideas, it is productive to study scientists in relation to their contemporaries. The studies in sociology of science indicate that the informal level of personal communication makes up a substantive part of scientific life. Scientists build various strategies, find confirmation for their ideas, or fortify their position through personal communication. Driven by various interests, scientists form networks of interaction. The analysis of personal correspondence of Miodrag Grbić (1901–1969), archaeologist and custodian of the National Museum in Belgrade, offers insight into the less known, but important details of the history of Serbian/Yugoslav archaeology. The activity of Grbić becomes considerably more comprehensible when observed in its context, in the light of international scientific networks. The ideas he shared in this framework will become apparent during the World War II, to gain their final shape in the form of Museum Course. From a wider perspective, major important themes of culture-historical archaeology under the specific political circumstances of Europe between the wars, may be discerned beyond the scientific networks of Grbić.
Phytoextraction of Toxic Metals
Authors: Lasat Mitch M.
Published: November 2016

Remediation of sites contaminated with toxic metals is particularly challenging. Unlike organic compounds, metals cannot be degraded, and the cleanup usually requires their removal. However, this energy‐intensive approach can be prohibitively expensive. In addition, the metal removing process often employs stringent physicochemical agents which can dramatically inhibit soil fertility with subsequent negative impacts on the ecosystem. Phytoremediation has been proposed as a cost‐effective, environmental‐friendly alternative technology. A great deal of research indicates that plants have the genetic potential to remove many toxic metals from the soil. Despite this potential, phytoremediation is yet to become a commercially available technology. Progress in the field is hindered by a lack of understanding of complex interactions in the rhizosphere and plant‐based mechanisms which allow metal translocation and accumulation in plants. In this paper, four research areas relevant to metal phytoextraction from contaminated soil are reviewed. The review concludes with an assessment of the current status of technology deployment and suggestions for future phytoremediation research.
Estimating Nitrate Leaching to Groundwater from Orchards: Comparing Crop Nitrogen Excess, Deep Vadose Zone Data‐Driven Estimates, and HYDRUS Modeling
Authors: Baram S. , Couvreur V. , Harter T. , Read M. , Brown P.H. , Kandelous M. , Smart D.R. , Hopmans J.W.
Published: November 2016

Core Ideas

Leaching below the root zone is estimated based on eight sites of intensive vadose zone monitoring.

Across methods N losses estimated at the annual orchard scale were in the same order of magnitude.

Simple N mass balance provided a good proxy of the orchard scale annual N accumulation in the soil

Under current BMP N load to groundwater is likely in the range of 60 to 100 kg N ha–1.

Large spatial and temporal variability in water flow and N transport dynamics poses significant challenges to accurately estimating N losses form orchards. A 2‐yr study was conducted to explore nitrate (NO3−) leaching below the root zone of an almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb] orchard. Temporal changes in water content, pore water NO3− concentrations and soil water potential were monitored within and below the root zone to a soil depth of 3 m at eight sites, which represented spatial variations in soil profiles within an almond orchard in California. Orchard monthly average NO3− concentrations below the root zone ranged from 225 to 710 mg L−1 with mean annual concentration of 468 and 333 mg L−1 for the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons, respectively. Despite the huge variability in pore water NO3− concentration between sites, the larger spatiotemporal scale N losses estimated at the annual orchard scale from surface N mass balance, vadose zone based water and N mass balance, flow calculations, and HYDRUS modeling were all on the same order of magnitude (80–240 kg N ha−1 yr−1). All methods indicated that most of the N losses occur early in the growing season (February–May) when fertilizer is applied to wet soil profiles. Simple mass balance (i.e., N load applied minus N load removed) provided a good proxy of the annual N accumulation in the soil profile at the orchard scale. Reduction of N losses at the orchard scale would require alternative fertigation and irrigation practices to decrease the difference between the N load removed and the N load applied to orchards.
Węgry w publicystyce Romana Dmowskiego (na podstawie „Polityka polska i odbudowanie państwa”)
Authors: Kowalczyk Michał
Published: November 2016

: mgr Michał Kowalczyk (ur. 1989), absolwent Instytutu Historycznego Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, doktorant w Instytucie Politologii Uniwersytetu Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie. Główne zainteresowania badawcze to: historia i polityka Węgier, stosunki polsko-węgierskie, polityka zagraniczna Węgier, nacjonalizmy w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej. Autor kilku artykułów naukowych dot. Węgier.
The impact of roosting birds on the abundance of two groups of soil mesofauna
Authors: ILIEVA-MAKULEC Krassimira , KOZACKI Dawid , MAKULEC Grzegorz
Published: November 2016

The aim of the study was to assess the influence of corvid urban roosts on the abundance of two groups of soil mesofauna: mites and springtails. Two areas located in the city of Warsaw were taken into consideration, one subjected to winter roosting activity of corvids and the other not influenced by birds. The samples were taken three times, in May, July, and September of 2013. The results show a positive effect of corvid roosts on the density of soil mesofauna, especially in the top 0–5 cm soil layer. On each sampling date, we found more numerous communities of mites and springtails in the soil within the roosting area than in control. The average densities ofmites ranged from 30×103 ind. m–2 to 200×103 ind. m–2 in the soil within the roost and from 6 ×103 ind. m–2 to 40×103 ind. m–2 in the control. In the case of springtails the average densities ranged from 9×103 ind. m–2 to 36×103 ind. m–2 in the roost and from 4×103 ind. m–2 to 8×103 ind. m–2 in the control. Among the two groups, mites prevailed over the springtails both in the soil of roost and control area. We inferred that the corvid roosting activity, involving mainly an excrement deposition on the soil surface, influences soil mesofauna indirectly
Springtails (Collembola, Hexapoda) inhabiting algae with different degrees of waste product contamination
Authors: OLEJNICZAK Izabella , BONIECKI Paweł , KALISZEWICZ Anita , PANTELEEVA Ninel
Published: November 2016

The study was carried out in July 2009 in Murmansk (68°57’ N; 33°03’E) and involved algae that had washed up at the edge of the intertidal zone of Kola Bay. Two areas of algae were selected for this study: uncontaminated (algae I) and algae contaminated with waste products (algae II). The material was collected using a frame with an area of 100 cm2. A total of 40 samples were taken. The abundance of the springtails was almost three times lower in the contaminated algae than in the uncontaminated algae, whereas the species diversity of the springtail communities was much higher in the contaminated algae. The littoral species Hypogastrura viatica was the dominantspecies in the uncontaminated algae, and that in the contaminated algae was the cosmopolitan species Folsomia quadriuculata. It appears that the contamination of the algae with waste products can promote the intensification of competition among springtails and between springtails and other saprophagous invertebrates.
Molecularly Engineered Polymer-Based Systems in Drug Delivery and Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Piluso Susanna , Soultan Al Halifa , Patterson Jennifer
Published: November 2016

Background:

Polymer-based systems are attractive in drug delivery and regenerative medicine due to
the possibility of tailoring their properties and functions to a specific application.

Methods:

The present review provides several examples of molecularly engineered polymer systems, including
stimuli responsive polymers and supramolecular polymers.

Results:

The advent of controlled polymerization techniques has enabled the preparation of polymers with controlled
molecular weight and well-defined architecture. By using these techniques coupled to orthogonal chemical
modification reactions, polymers can be molecularly engineered to incorporate functional groups able to respond
to small changes in the local environment or to a specific biological signal. This review highlights the properties
and applications of stimuli-responsive systems and polymer therapeutics, such as polymer-drug conjugates,
polymer-protein conjugates, polymersomes, and hyperbranched systems. The applications of polymeric membranes
in regenerative medicine are also discussed.

Conclusion:

The examples presented in this review suggest that the combination of membranes with polymers
that are molecularly engineered to respond to specific biological functions could be relevant in the field of regenerative
medicine.
Estradiol Uptake in a Combined Magnetic Ion Exchange - Ultrafiltration (MIEX-UF) Process During Water Treatment
Authors: Imbrogno Alessandra , Biscarat Jennifer , Schafer Andrea Iris
Published: November 2016

Background:

Estrogens and their synthetic analogues are widely used as pharmaceuticals. Upon oral
administration these drugs are eventually excreted via urine. The persistence of these pharmaceuticals and inefficient
removal by water treatment lead to accumulation in surface water and effluents with negative effects for
aquatic life and human health.

Methods:

In this study, the uptake of estradiol by a combined magnetic ion exchange resin - ultrafiltration process
(MIEX-UF) was investigated. This is a relatively common process used in drinking water treatment for the removal
of natural organic matter. However, uptake of micropollutants, such as steroidal pharmaceuticals, may
occur as a side effect of water treatment due to the high affinity for polymeric materials. To elucidate the mechanism
governing estradiol partitioning between water, resin and membrane, the influence of different parameters,
such as pH, humic acid concentration and membrane molecular-weight-cut-off (MWCO) was studied.

Results:

Humic acid concentration and pH affected estradiol uptake most. At pH 11 the most significant increase
of estradiol uptake was observed for MIEX-UF process (30 ng/g corresponding to 80%) compared with individual
UF (17 ng/g corresponding to 12%). The presence of humic acid slightly reduced estradiol uptake at pH 11
(about 55%) due to competition for the ion exchange binding sites.

Conclusion:

Results demonstrated that the uptake of estradiol, which is amongst the most potent EDCs detected
in surface water, in the MIEX-UF process can reach significant quantities (30 ng/g of resin) leading to uncontrolled
accumulation of this micropollutant during drinking water treatment. This study gives a novel contribution
in the understanding the mechanism of the unanticipated accumulation of pharmaceuticals, such as estradiol, in
the drinking water treatment process.
Membrane-Based Technologies in the Pharmaceutical Industry and Continuous Production of Polymer-Coated Crystals/Particles
Authors: Chen Dengyue , Sirkar Kamalesh K. , Jin Chi , Singh Dhananjay , Pfeffer Robert
Published: November 2016

Background:

Membrane technologies are of increasing importance in a variety of separation and purification
applications involving liquid phases and gaseous mixtures. Although the most widely used applications at
this time are in water treatment including desalination, there are many applications in chemical, food, healthcare,
paper and petrochemical industries. This brief review is concerned with existing and emerging applications of
various membrane technologies in the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industry.

Methods:

The goal of this review article is to identify important membrane processes and techniques which are
being used or proposed to be used in the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical operations. How novel membrane
processes can be useful for delivery of crystalline/particulate drugs is also of interest.

Results:

Membrane separation technologies are extensively used in downstream processes for bio-pharmaceutical
separation and purification operations via microfiltration, ultrafiltration and diafiltration. Also the new technique
of membrane chromatography allows efficient purification of monoclonal antibodies. Membrane filtration techniques
of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration are being combined with bioreactors and advanced oxidation processes
to treat wastewaters from pharmaceutical plants. Nanofiltration with organic solvent-stable membranes can
implement solvent exchange and catalyst recovery during organic solvent-based drug synthesis of pharmaceutical
compounds/intermediates. Membranes in the form of hollow fibers can be conveniently used to implement crystallization
of pharmaceutical compounds. The novel crystallization methods of solid hollow fiber cooling crystallizer
(SHFCC) and porous hollow fiber anti-solvent crystallization (PHFAC) are being developed to provide
efficient methods for continuous production of polymer-coated drug crystals in the area of drug delivery.

Conclusion:

This brief review provides a general introduction to various applications of membrane technologies
in the pharmaceutical/biopharmaceutical industry with special emphasis on novel membrane techniques for
pharmaceutical applications. The method of coating a drug particle with a polymer using the SHFCC method is
stable and ready for scale-up for operation over an extended period.
Mesoporous Silica Molecular Sieve based Nanocarriers: Transpiring Drug Dissolution Research
Authors: Pattnaik Satyanarayan , Pathak Kamla
Published: November 2016

Background:

Improvement of oral bioavailability through enhancement of dissolution for poorly soluble
drugs has been a very promising approach. Recently, mesoporous silica based molecular sieves have demonstrated
excellent properties to enhance the dissolution velocity of poorly water-soluble drugs.

Description:

Current research in this area is focused on investigating the factors influencing the drug release from
these carriers, the kinetics of drug release and manufacturing approaches to scale-up production for commercial
manufacture.

Conclusion:

This comprehensive review provides an overview of different methods adopted for synthesis of
mesoporous materials, influence of processing factors on properties of these materials and drug loading methods.
The drug release kinetics from mesoporous silica systems, the manufacturability and stability of these formulations
are reviewed. Finally, the safety and biocompatibility issues related to these silica based materials are discussed.
Exploring the Role of Nanoparticles in Amphotericin B Delivery
Authors: Zaioncz Soraia , Khalil Najeh Maissar , Mainardes Rubiana Mara
Published: November 2016

Amphotericin B (AmB) is the drug of choice in the treatment of invasive fungal infections and visceral
leishmaniasis. Although AmB has a higher selectivity for ergosterol (present in fungi and Leishmania spp. membrane)
than for cholesterol, mammalian cells are affected by AmB, mainly in its oligomeric aggregated form,
resulting in side effects, especially nephrotoxicity. The development of nanotechnology-based drug delivery
systems for AmB is a promising avenue since nanoparticles have the ability to target drugs to the infected cells,
and their prolonged drug release profile permits longer contact between the drug and the fungi/parasite. In this
review, we made an overview about nanoparticles as colloidal carriers for AmB, including polymeric-based
nanoparticles, protein-based nanoparticles and solid lipid-based nanoparticles with respect to their application for
the treatment of invasive fungal infections and leishmaniasis.
Complement C4A and C4B Gene Copy Number Study in Alzheimer's Disease Patients
Authors: Zorzetto Michele , Datturi Francesca , Divizia Laura , Pistono Cristiana , Campo Ilaria , Silvestri Annalisa De , Cuccia Mariaclara , Ricevuti Giovanni
Published: November 2016

Background/Objectives: Increasing evidence suggests the importance of neuroinflammation
in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is a complex neurodegenerative disorder. Complement
activation occurs in the brain of patients with AD and seems to contribute to an important local
inflammatory state. Increased expression of the fourth serum complement component 4 (C4) has been
observed in AD patients in many studies. This protein has two isoforms, encoded by two genes: C4A
and C4B localized to the HLA class III region. These genes exhibit copy number variations (CNVs) and
this different gene copy number can influence C4 protein levels. We focalized our attention on these two
genes, determining the distribution of CNVs in AD patients, compared with healthy controls, in order to
analyse their possible involvement in AD pathogenesis.

Methods: We investigated 191 AD patients and 300 healthy controls. The C4A and C4B copy numbers
were assessed by quantitative PCR (qPCR).

Results: The results obtained showed a statistically significant increase in the number of copies for both
C4A and C4B in AD patients, compared with healthy controls (p<0,001).

Conclusion: The presence of high C4A and C4B copy numbers in AD patients could explain the increased
C4 protein expression observed in AD patients, thus highlighting a possible role for C4A and
C4B CNVs in the risk of developing AD.
Uleine Disrupts Key Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Biomarkers that Leads to Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Seidl Claudia , Santos Cid Aimbire de Moraes , Simone Angela De , Bartolini Manuela , Weffort-Santos Almeriane Maria , Andrisano Vincenza
Published: November 2016

Background: Alzheimer´s disease, a progressive and degenerative disorder of the brain, is the most common
cause of dementia among the elderly. To face its multifactorial nature, the use of single compounds that can simultaneously
modulate different targets involved in the neurodegenerative cascade has emerged as an interesting
therapeutic approach.

Objective: This work investigated the ability of uleine, the major indole alkaloid purified from stem barks of the Brazilian
medicinal plant Himatanthus lancifolius, to interact with crucial Alzheimer´s disease disruptive targets associated
with two of its major neurodegenerative pathways: acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase (cholinergic
pathway) and β-secretase and β-amyloid peptide (amyloidogenic pathway).

Methods: Uleine’s capacity to inhibit human acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes was determined
measuring the difference between reaction rates with and without uleine monitored at 412 nm using 5,5’- dithiobis-(2-
nitrobenzoic acid) as colorimetric agent. FRET based assay was used to evaluate β-secretase inhibition using DABCYL-
Ser-Glu-Val-Asn-Leu-Asp-Ala-Glu-Phe-EDANS as substrate and β-amyloid peptide spontaneous aggregation
assay was performed using the thioflavin T spectroscopy assay. Cell viability and toxicity experiments with PC12 and
SH-SY5Y cell lines were performed using the MTT colorimetric assay.

Results: Uleine demonstrated strong inhibitory activities for both cholinesterases (IC50 279.0±4.5 and 24.0±1.5 μM,
respectively) and β-secretase (IC50 180±22 nM). Above all, uleine significantly inhibited the self-aggregation of amyloid-
β peptide and was not toxic for PC12 or SH-SY5Y neuronal cells.

Conclusion: These data show for the first time that the natural compound uleine has a novel, multieffective ability to
decelerate or even inhibit the development of Alzheimer´s disease.
Tunnel Engineering Seepage Parameters Intelligent Back Analysis Based on FEM and Differential Evolution Algorithm
Authors: Ma C.J. , Jiang A.N. , Wang Q.
Published: November 2016

To determine the seepage parameters of surrounding rock during excavation of tunnels, a program of groundwater seepage (SEEP) was developed. Then finite element models are established in SEEP with the consideration of seepage equations for continuous medium, and the correctness was verified by the comparison of FLAC3D. Moreover, seepage back analysis program (SBAP) was developed in C++ language by combining differential evolution algorithm (DE) and SEEP, and the measured values of water pressure and flow were used as input data, SBAP was applied to predict the horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivities of the different stratum. The hydraulic conductivities predicted were inputted to SEEP, the computed values of water pressure and flow calculated by SEEP are in good agreement with the measured values. SBAP shows the faster convergence speed and precise feedback results. This program provides a means for engineers and researchers to determine seepage parameters in the seepage analysis of similar tunnel projects.
Study on Mechanical Properties of Concrete Filled Square Steel Tubular Column Joints
Authors: Shi Wei , Sanxia Xiao , Guoping Jiang
Published: November 2016

A new type of connection node filled with steel tubular column is proposed for the frame structure of concrete. In this paper, the mechanical properties and failure mechanism are studied. As shown by the finite element analysis results, the hysteresis curve attains the full standard, indicating that the joints possess good deformation performance, as well as good bearing capacity, ductility and energy dissipation capacity. Based on the results of the finite element analysis, the experimental study of this type of node is carried out. Meanwhile, a series of experiments are conducted to enhance the length of the steel plate, the effectiveness of the steel plate and the thickness of the protective layer of the steel plate.
Optimal Topologies for Steel Frames with Ordinary Chevron and X-Braces: The Effect on Total Structural Cost
Authors: Babaei Mehdi , Amiri Jalal Dadash , Omidi Foad , Memarian Arman
Published: November 2016

Today, steel structures with simple frames and concentric steel bracings (both crossed and chevron type) are extensively used in different countries, as well as in Iran. Apart from the seismic performance of each structural system, construction cost plays a significant role in system selection by designers. In an attempt to optimize structural costs, this study aims at examining the number of floors, span length, soil conditions, and brace type. In this study the impact of these factors on structural costs are evaluated. Since parking areas are the most important architectural requirement, therefore specified span widths accommodating two, three, and four vehicles are selected for the models. To this end, regular building models with different span (5.6, 7.5, and 11.2m) are selected according to such architectural considerations. Following structural analysis and design, total structural costs are estimated according to the latest national cost list issued by the Management and Planning Organization of Iran (published in 2014). The results are obtained and reported for different models through graphs and tables. The outcomes are evaluated and compared. Finally, the optimal topologies in terms of structure weight and total cost are determined, along with introducing the most effective factor among span length, story number, brace type, and soil type.
A BIM-Based Preliminary Database Framework for Structural Hazard Prevention Analysis
Authors: Liu Zhaoqiu , Zhang Fei
Published: November 2016

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a methodology for managing the essential data and information in digital format throughout a building life cycle. During the building operation process, engineers can establish a detailed information database of structural components for structural hazard prevention analysis based on the BIM model. In this paper, the definitions and rules of geometrical and non-geometrical information of structural components are studied, which play an important part in preventing a building from damage under the effect of some potential disasters. Based on the analysis of information integration mode of BIM, a preliminary database framework of main components is proposed for structural hazard prevention analysis. The framework provides an integrated workflow and method for extracting information of structural components from BIM model. As combining with existing intelligent building management system or Internet platform, the framework contributes to developing an application platform for obtaining the key data and information of main components during the structural hazard prevention analysis.
Influence of Taper of Root Canal Shape on the Intracanal Bacterial Reduction
Authors: Paraskevopoulou Mary Th. , Khabbaz Marouan G.
Published: November 2016

Objectives:

Taper is a factor that determines final root canal dimensions and consequently, the space available for the cleaning action of irrigants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of taper on intracanal bacterial reduction.

Methods:

Sterilized root canals of 25 mandibular incisors were inoculated with E. faecalis and then divided into two experimental groups and one control group (A= saline, B= NaOCl + EDTA and C= control, not prepared). Groups A and B were prepared to an apical size of #30/0.04, a culture was obtained and then prepared to #30/0.08 and cultured again. Final irrigation sequence was 30 ml of saline for group A and 10 ml of 17% EDTA followed by 10 ml of 2.5% NaOCl and 10 ml of saline for group B. The CFU ml-1 of the pre- and two post-operative samplings were recorded. Values were compared by performing ANOVA and FDR for multiple hypothesis testing.

Results:

No statistically significant difference between initial CFU ml-1 readings was recorded, whereas significant differences between group A and B at both 4% and 8% tapers were noted. Furthermore, a linear-dependent reduction of CFU ml-1 was recorded in each group from non-instrumented root canals to #30/0.04 and subsequently to #30/0.08. The positive control group shows the expected reduction of bacterial count.

Conclusion:

Chemomechanical instrumentation was more efficient at reducing E. faecalis when the taper of root canals increased from 4% to 8% and NaOCl plus EDTA led to a greater intracanal bacterial reduction than saline, regardless of the taper achieved.
Back to Basics: The Identification of Genital Anatomic Structures and Forensic Evidence Collection Kits in Cases of Suspected Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: Donaruma-Kwoh Marcella , Giardino Eileen R. , Giardino Angelo P.
Published: November 2016

Background:

The genitalia examination and collection of forensic evidence are essential components of the medical evaluation when sexual abuse is suspected. In addition to a complete history/interview, the medical visit for a suspected child sexual abuse victim usually includes a detailed examination of external genitalia and anus as well as, if indicated, the collection of forensic evidence. It is important that medical and nursing professionals are able to correctly identify normal genital and anal structures before they can identify abnormal physical findings in either the prepubertal or adolescent patient. Additionally, medical and nursing professionals are expected to accurately collect and preserve forensic evidence when possible.

Methods:

A topical review of literature that examines: 1) if physicians and nurse practitioners could identify basic anatomic structure of external genitalia, and 2) the timing and yield of forensic evidence collection kits.

Results:

Physicians vary in their ability to correctly identify prepubertal genital anatomic structures. Over a series of studies, on the same photograph of female prepubertal genitalia, 59 to 64% of physicians correctly identified the hymen from; 76 to 90% correctly identified the labia minora, and 63 to 78%correctly identified the urethra. On a second photo, deemed more clear, 71% of pediatric chief residents correctly labeled the hymen. Pediatric nurse practitioners performed similarly to the physicians correctly identifying the hymen 59%, labia minora 88% and urethra 81%. Looking at photographs of male prepubertal genitalia, 93% of pediatric chief residents correctly identified the basic structures while only 22% correctly recognized hypospadias. Literature reviewed on forensic evidence collection kits support an extended window for evidence collection of up to 96 hours after suspected sexual contact especially of clothing and other non-body surfaces.

Conclusion:

Medical and advanced practice nursing professions have to improve the educational processes of clinicians who evaluate and treat children suspected of abuse. Physicians and nurse practitioners experienced difficulty in correctly labeling and identifying basic external genital structures on a photograph of a prepubertal child’s genitalia. Additionally, extending the time frame from suspected sexual contact to examination to a window of up to 96-hours post assault may increase the yield of recovering forensic evidence in both pre and post-pubertal patients.
Forensic Nursing Education: Online Programs
Authors: Clements Paul Thomas
Published: November 2016

The shift to online forensic nursing education is growing in professional development and continuing education required for certification. Students and instructors are attracted by the ease of use and personalization inherent to asynchronous online instruction. Online education can provide a mechanism for timely and supplemental training to address personnel shortages in certain professional roles, such as forensic nursing. Since all students will necessarily be adult learners, and already possessing professional licensure, they will bring with them a wide array of experience from the forensic arena, ranging from entrée into the field to havingyears in the trenches. It is imperative that all students, from novice to expert, establish a sense of comfort to safely demonstrate their current level of expertise and knowledge. Based on the virtual exponential explosion of advances in technology for educational settings, the path to learning will be ever changing. As this occurs, educational strategies from forensic nursing instructors must be pedagogically translated for the learner who must simultaneously navigate the responsibilities of home, work and school, and will necessarily need to continue to facilitate not only flexibility of learning, but simultaneously maximize immediate utilization in thereal worldof forensic nursing practice.
Implementing Case Management within a Large Medicolegal Death Investigation Agency
Authors: Drake Stacy A. , Harper Sherhonda , Hudson Antoinette
Published: November 2016

Medicolegal death investigation agencies must provide timely final autopsy reports in order to meet minimum accreditation standards. To ensure a timely turn around, the principles of case management were introduced into an agency with a large metropolitan jurisdiction. Forensic autopsies are typically complex and the associated ancillary studies often include forensic toxicology along with various specialty consults. Beginning in 2013, a forensic case management service was initiated to aid forensic pathologists in reducing report turnaround time. Despite increasing number of cases in 2014, the agency was able to maintain the accreditation standard of 90% turn around within 90 days. The case management service required process improvement, technology to track and trend, and increased interdisciplinary collaboration. The implementation of a case management system within the forensic autopsy service can improve processes to reduce report turnaround times.
Revision of Metal-on-metal Hip Arthroplasty with Well Fixed and Positioned Acetabular Component Using a Dual-mobility Head and Review of Literature
Authors: Figueras Guillem , Planell Ramón Vives , Fernàndez Ramón Serra , Biayna Joan Camí
Published: November 2016

Background:

As a consequence of use of metal-on-metal hip arthroplasties some patients have precised revision for pain or metal hipersensivity reactions among other causes. We propose to salvage monoblock acetabular component and femoral component using a dual-mobility head and perform a lower morbidity operation in young patients preserving host bone stock in cases with well fixed and positioned components.

Objective:

(1) What clinical problems have been reported in patients with Metal-on-metal hip arthroplasties? (2) Could the tribocorrosion potentially cause a fracture of neck femoral component? (3) Can be the dual-mobility head a recourse in metal-on-metal hip revision?

Methods:

Ten patients were revised for pain or/and raised Cobalt/Chromium levels between August 2012 and December 2015. In three cases femoral neck component was fractured and femoral revision was necessary. In four hips, acetabular and femoral components could be maintained. Age, body index mass, ion levels, acetabular position, size of acetabular component and femoral head, approach, blood transfunsion and time of hospitalization were analized.

Results:

At a mean follow-up of 25,6 months (6 to 45) the mean postoperative HHS was 92. It was not statistically significant because several patients were low sintomatic before surgery, but had raised Cobalt/Chromium levels in the blood. All patients had near-normal levels of Cobalt/Chromium during the first 6 months after revision surgery. No relevant complications were reported.

Conclusion:

The use of dual-mobility head can be an acceptable option to revise metal-on-metal arthroplasties correctly oriented with abscence of loosening or infection signs and keeping bone stock in young patients.
Метаболічні та психологічні рестрикти корекції харчування дітей із надлишковою масою тіла
Authors: Chaychenko T.V. , Georgievska N.V.
Published: November 2016

Публікація присвячена огляду сучасних уявлень про психологічні та метаболічні регулятори голоду/насичення та їх вплив на формування порушень харчової поведінки в дітей із надмірною масою тіла. В умовах епідемії ожиріння у світі рекомендовані заходи, що спрямовані на запобігання її поширенню, включають у себе підвищення рівня фізичної активності та правильну організацію харчування дітей. У той же час ефективність цих немедикаментозних інтервенцій є вкрай низькою внаслідок психосоціальної дисфункції. Аналіз механізмів виникнення надлишкового споживання їжі показує, що порушення харчової поведінки при надмірній масі тіла в дітей мають метаболічну нейроентероендокринну основу з безпосереднім впливом на центри голоду/насичення. Постійна стимуляція гедонічних центрів із формуванням фізичної залежності у дітей зі зниженими вольовими якостями, що підтримуються батьківським ставленням, є основою вкрай низької ефективності корекції харчування при надлишковій вазі. З метою підвищення ефективності програм корекції ваги в дітей паралельно з ендокринологічним/педіатричним консультуванням необхідно широко впроваджувати сімейно-орієнтовані просвітницькі програми та соціально-психологічні інтервенції.
Частота функціональних розладів і клінічних симптомів, що можуть бути пов’язані з лактазною недостатністю в дітей раннього віку м. Львова
Authors: Tkach R.V. , Nyankovskyy S.L. , Nyankovska O.S. , Yatsula M.S.
Published: November 2016

На сьогодні порушення травної системи в дітей перших років життя залишаються актуальною проблемою практичної педіатрії та поширеною причиною звернень батьків до лікаря. Важливе значення в генезі розвитку функціональних порушень травної системи дітей цього віку може мати лактазна недостатність. В анкетно-опитувальне дослідження було включено 327 дітей із міста Львова. Метою дослідження була оцінка частоти клінічних симптомів, що можуть бути пов’язані з лактазною недостатністю в дітей першого року життя. Серед клінічних симптомів у дітей раннього віку, за даними анкетування, переважали зригування та коліки, розлади випорожнень. Діагноз лактазної недостатності був установлений у 3,4 % (11) дітей, приймали фермент лактазу 2,8 % (9) дітей.
Оперативне лікування та реабілітація дітей із патологією підшлункової залози
Authors: Pashchenko Yu.V. , Belousova О.Yu. , Belopashentsev V.A.
Published: November 2016

Актуальність. Хірургічне лікування патології підшлункової залози в дітей є досить складним розділом дитячої хірургії. Складність інвазивних методів діагностики вроджених аномалій будови самої залози, а також екстраорганні ускладнення, пов’язані з ектопованими тканинами, найчастіше ставлять хірургів та інтернистів перед вибором оптимального способу лікування. Мета дослідження: розробка оптимальних підходів у лікуванні органної й екстраорганної патології підшлункової залози у дітей. Матеріали й методи. У роботі наведений досвід клініки в лікуванні 50 дітей з вадами розвитку й захворюваннями підшлункової залози у віці від 2 міс. до 17 років. Позаорганні ектопії тканини підшлункової залози (25), деструктивний панкреатит (10), реактивні кісти (8), травматичні ушкодження (3), лімфангіома (1), агресивний фіброз (1), тератома (1), інсулома (1). Діагностика: клініко-лабораторні методи, фіброгастродуоденоскопія, променеві методи. Результати. Описані оперативні втручання у дітей з використанням міні-доступу, лапароскопічних технологій, стентування, а також відкритих операцій. У статті наведені супровідна медикаментозна терапія й принципи дієтотерапії в післяопераційному періоді. Висновки. Досвід лікування вродженої і набутої патології підшлункової залози показує ефективність запропонованих підходів та перспективи розширення міні-інвазивних технологій у хірургічній корекції. Етапна програма лікування й реабілітації хворих за маршрутом «гастроентеролог — дитячий хірург — гастроентеролог» дозволяє забезпечити високий рівень гарних і задовільних результатів лікування у дітей за рахунок розробки й впровадження в практику чіткого алгоритму міждисциплінарної взаємодії інтерністів і дитячих хірургів.
Особливості харчування хворих на шигельоз дітей, інфікованих Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Kurlan N.Yu. , Olkhovska O.M.
Published: November 2016

Визначено шляхи удосконалення дієтотерапії хворих на шигельоз дітей, які інфіковані H. рylori. Обстежено 29 дітей віком від 1 до 10 років, інфікованих H. рylori, які знаходилися в Обласній дитячій інфекційній лікарні м. Харкова із діагнозом «шигельоз Зонне середньої тяжкості». Дітей було розділено на дві групи залежно від схеми дієтотерапії. До першої групи увійшли 13 дітей, яким проводилося традиційне лікування. Другу групу становили 16 дітей, яким на два дні пролонгували поступове збільшення обсягу їжі на кожне годування, а також більш поступово скорочували кількість годувань на день. Діти другої групи з першого дня отримували фосфат алюмінію, і після виписки їм рекомендували харчуватися частіше, але малими порціями. Виявлено більш тривале збереження симптомів дисфункції кишечника і блювання, болю в навколопупковій ділянці, здуття живота, змін у копроцитограмі у вигляді наявності неперетравлених залишків їжі в дітей першої групи. Пацієнти другої групи відновлювали свою вагу за більш короткий період. Раціональна дієтотерапія дозволяє запобігти загостренню шигельозу в дітей на етапах ранньої реконвалесценції. Дослідження показали, що раннє виявлення інфікування H. рylori в дітей, хворих на шигельоз, проведення своєчасної корекції харчування позитивно впливають на відновлення функціональної активності процесів травлення, прискорюють нормалізацію клініко-лабораторних показників пацієнтів, сприяють регресії клінічних симптомів основного захворювання.
Імунологічні особливості перебігу хронічного гастродуоденіту в дітей на тлі лямбліозу
Authors: Glushko K.T. , Kinash M.I. , Kabakova A.B. , Shostak I.Y.
Published: November 2016

У статті проаналізовано імунологічні особливості перебігу хронічної гастродуоденальної патології в дітей на тлі лямбліозу. Мета дослідження: виділити характерні імунологічні критерії перебігу хронічної гастродуоденальної патології на тлі лямбліозу в дітей. Матеріали й методи. Обстеженi 54 дитини з ураженням слизової оболонки шлунка та дванадцятипалої кишки. Залежно від інвазування лямбліями усі діти були поділені на дві групи: І — 28 осіб з діагностованим лямбліозом, ІІ — 26 пацiєнтiв без інвазії. До групи контролю увійшли 24 практично здоровi дитини. Усім дітям проводили визначення концентрації iнтерлейкiну-4 (ІЛ-4) та фактора некрозу пухлини α (ФНП-α) у сироватці крові, паразитологічне дослідження калу. Результати. Інфікування H.pylori підтверджено в 18 (33,3 %) дітей. Частота інфікування H.pylori у хворих обох груп не відрізнялася: у І групі — 9 (32,1 ± 8,9 %), у ІІ — 9 (34,6 ± 9,5 %) випадків (р > 0,05). Установлено, що вміст ІЛ-4 у обстежених дітей (8,0 ± 0,5 пг/мл) був вищим за показники контрольної групи, тоді як рівень ФНП-α (2,7 ± 0,7 пг/мл) — не відрізнявся. У дітей iз супутнім лямбліозом виявлено вищу концентрацію ІЛ-4 (9,2 ± 0,9 пг/мл) порівняно з пацієнтами без інвазування (6,7 ± 0,3 пг/мл). На рівень ІЛ-4 впливало поєднання лямблій та H.pylori. Максимальні показники ІЛ-4 спостерігалися при моноінвазії лямбліями і були вірогідно вищими за такi при моноінфекції H.pylori, а при поєднанні інфікуванні паразитами з H.pylori вміст ІЛ-4 знижувався, тоді як рiвень ФНП-α не відрізнявся. Вища концентрація ФНП-α спостерігалася в дітей із гіперацидністю, вона також зростала із тривалістю хвороби.
Харчові барвники як фактор розвитку нефропатій у дітей
Authors: Golovachova V.A.
Published: November 2016

У сучасному суспільстві збільшення частоти захворюваності на нефропатії викликає занепокоєння і диктує необхідність подальшого вивчення факторів розвитку захворювань нирок у дітей. Мета дослідження: визначити вплив харчових барвників на розвиток патології нирок у дітей. Матеріали та методи. Під спостереженням перебувало 199 дітей у віці від 1 року до 17 років, які були розділені на дві групи: І група — 103 дитини з різною патологією нирок, ІІ група — 96 соматично здорових дітей. Вплив харчових барвників на нирки дітей вивчався за допомогою анкетування батьків і дітей. Результати. Матері дітей з патологією нирок вірогідно частіше вживали в їжу продукти, що містять харчові барвники (морозиво, кондитерські вироби, карамелі, цукерки, безалкогольні напої, такі як «Фанта», лимонад та ін.) до вагітності, під час і після вагітності. Аналогічна ситуація простежується при визначенні частоти вживання в їжу барвників самими дітьми: діти з І групи в 14,5 % випадків такі продукти в їжу вживають постійно; у 36,9 % випадків — часто, але не кожен день; а в 29,1 % випадків — декілька разів на місяць. Тоді як діти з ІІ групи постійно вживають продукти з харчовими барвниками тільки в 4,2 % випадків; часто, але не кожен день — в 20,8 % випадків; кілька разів на місяць — 29,1 %. Висновок. Різні чинники навколишнього сере­довища, такі як харчові барвники, впливають на розвиток дитячого організму, зменшуючи адаптаційні можливості нирок або прямо вражаючи їх.