bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Living History
Authors: Nichols Jeananne
Published: March 2015

This narrative describes two United States Air Force bandswomen whose combined careers span the past sixty years. Cornetist Martha (Martye) Jean Awkerman joined the U.S. Women in the Air Force (WAF) Band in 1955. She served the WAF band as cornet soloist and principal trumpet until the band was disbanded in 1961. In 1983, tubist Jan Duga joined the U.S. Air Force Band, Washington, D.C., and served until her retirement in 2013. During the decades between their terms of service, shifting societal structures, a rapidly expanding economy, and civil rights activism challenged traditional barriers to education and employment for women. In particular, the passage of Title IX and the fight for an Equal Rights Amendment engendered progress for women throughout the military.
The Naval School of Music
Authors: Jones Patrick M.
Published: March 2015

The Naval School of Music was founded in 1935 in response to the poor performance level of the U.S. Navy’s bands at that time. The school evolved from an adjunct operation of the U.S. Navy Band into a tri-service institution serving the Army, Navy, and Marine Corps with dedicated facilities, courses for musicians and band leaders, and courses to meet contemporary needs such as arranging, jazz, pop/rock, and sound engineering. Today it serves the Navy and Marine Corps. The military bands for which the Naval School of Music trains its graduates provide direct feedback on the content and quality of its instruction.
The Role of African-American Musicians in the Integration of the United States Navy
Authors: Drane Gregory
Published: March 2015

The service of blacks in the U.S. military can be traced back to the Revolutionary War. However, up to the end of World War I, African Americans in military branches were relegated to cooking and cleaning duties. As the United States prepared to enter World War II, pressure to admit African Americans into full service in the military increased due to political maneuvering and social pressure from the African-American community. In addition, a shortage of manpower led the military to employ blacks in all areas of service. However many black servicemen served in segregated camps and received segregated training. The Navy resisted racial integration, but the initial inclusion of blacks in the Navy was first accomplished by creating all-black Navy bands for service across America. During 1942 to 1945, more than 5,000 African-American Navy musicians received musical training at the segregated Great Lakes Training Camps because the Naval School of Music, the designated music training camp for musicians, was closed to blacks. These all-black Navy bands became ambassadors for the Navy and representatives of social change in America.
Developing Internal Musicianship in Beginning Band by Teaching the “Big 5”
Authors: West Chad
Published: March 2015

Early in my teaching career, my goals were to teach students to play their instruments beautifully and to help them correctly and independently interpret music notation. However, many of my students were missing the internal musicianship skills that enable high-level music-making. As we teach instrument technique and notation, we sometimes overlook the important skill of audiation. When our students perform, we want them to do so not only because they have visually interpreted their written notation, but because they have aurally internalized what makes musical sense. This article offers activities for developing beginning instrumental students’ abilities in three areas of musicianship: rhythmic ability, tonal ability, and creativity.
Psychometric Validation of the Brief Resilience Scale in a Sample of Vocational Rehabilitation Consumers
Authors: Tansey Timothy N. , Kaya Cahit , Moser Erin , Eagle Daniel , Dutta Alo , Chan Fong
Published: March 2015

Existing research has indicated an association between resilience and psychosocial adjustment to disability. The purpose of this study was to validate the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) in a sample of vocational rehabilitation (VR) consumers. Participants were 277 individuals with disabilities receiving state VR services. Findings support the identification of two factors in the BRS, labeled succumbing and resilience by the researchers. The succumbing factor was positively associated with reporting of depression while the resilience factor was associated with well-being. Implications for practice in state VR agencies are provided.
Combat, Cohesion, and Controversy
Authors: Siebold Guy L. , Crabb Tyler , Woodward Rachel , King Anthony C.
Published: March 2015

Following the publication of Anthony King’s 2006 article in Armed Forces & Society (The Word of Command: Communication and Cohesion in the Military), Guy Siebold and Anthony King debated the issue of cohesion, in our Disputatio Sine Fine section. King’s new book The Combat Soldier grew out of that exchange. The following essay continues the debate by reviewing King’s book. The pieces gathered in in this Disputatio are intended as a—temporary—conclusion to these discussions.
Robust GMDH-type neural network with unscented Kalman filter for non-linear systems
Authors: Masoumnezhad M. , Jamali A. , Nariman-zadeh N.
Published: March 2015

State estimation and dynamical model identification from the observed data have attracted much research effort during recent years. In this paper, an identification method of a system based on the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and group method of data handing (GMDH)-type neural network is introduced and applied. Probabilistic metrics, instead of deterministic metrics, are used to obtain a robust Pareto multi-objective optimum design of the UKF-based GMDH-type neural network. The simulation results show that the UKF-based training algorithm performs well in modelling some explosive cutting and forming processes, and exhibited more robustness in comparison with those using a traditional GMDH-type neural network.
Abusive Supervision: A Meta-Analysis and Empirical Review
Authors: Mackey Jeremy D. , Frieder Rachel E. , Brees Jeremy R. , Martinko Mark J.
Published: March 2015

We conducted a meta-analysis and empirical review of abusive supervision research in order to derive meta-analytic population estimates for the relationships between perceptions of abusive supervision and numerous demographic, justice, individual difference, leadership, and outcome variables. The use of psychometric correction enabled us to provide weighted mean correlations and population correlation estimates that accounted for attenuation due to measurement error and sampling error variance. Also, we conducted sensitivity analyses that removed the effects of large samples from analyses. Then, we conducted subgroup analyses using samples drawn from the United States to provide population correlation estimates that corrected for attenuation due to measurement error, sampling error variance, and indirect range restriction. Finally, we examined measurement artifacts resulting from various adaptations of Tepper’s abusive supervision measure. The results reveal that although the associations between perceptions of abusive supervision and outcome variables appear to be universally negative, the magnitude of the relationships between perceptions of abusive supervision and antecedent and outcome variables varies according to the design features of studies. Contributions to theory and practice, strengths and limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.
Phonetic processing when learning words
Authors: Havy Mélanie , Bouchon Camillia , Nazzi Thierry
Published: March 2015

Infants have remarkable abilities to learn several languages. However, phonological acquisition in bilingual infants appears to vary depending on the phonetic similarities or differences of their two native languages. Many studies suggest that learning contrasts with different realizations in the two languages (e.g., the /p/, /t/, /k/ stops have similar VOT values in French, Spanish, Italian and European Portuguese, but can be confounded with the /b/, /d/, /g/ in German and English) poses a particular challenge. The current study explores how similarity or difference in the realization of phonetic contrasts affects word-learning outcomes. Bilingual infants aged 16 months were tested on their capacity to learn pairs of new words, differing by a phonological feature (voicing versus place) on their initial consonant. Two groups of infants were considered: bilinguals exposed to languages (French and either Spanish, Italian or European Portuguese) in which the contrasts tested are realized relatively similarly (“similar contrast” group) and bilinguals exposed to languages (French and either English or German) in which the contrasts are realized very differently (“different contrast” group). In the present word-learning situation, the “similar contrast” bilinguals successfully processed the relevant phonetic detail of the word forms, while the “different contrast” bilinguals failed. The present pattern reveals the impact on word learning of phonological differences between the two languages, which is consistent with studies reporting slight time course differences among bilinguals in phonological acquisition. In line with a larger literature on bilingual acquisition, these results provide further evidence that linguistic similarity or difference in the two languages influences the pattern of bilingual acquisition.
Mitral valve repair for traumatic mitral regurgitation
Authors: Fujii Taro , Kogure Shuhei , Muro Takashi , Okada Yukikatsu
Published: March 2015

Mitral valve injury after blunt chest trauma is a rare clinical condition. We describe a case of mitral valve repair for severe mitral regurgitation due to blunt chest trauma 5 years previously. A 22-year-old man was referred to our hospital for surgical correction of severe mitral regurgitation. Echocardiography demonstrated a partial tear of the anterolateral papillary muscle which lacerated to the apex. The entire anterolateral part of the mitral valve including the anterior commissure and posterior leaflets had prolapsed. Reimplantation of the papillary muscle to the posterior left ventricular wall and ring annuloplasty were successfully performed without residual regurgitation.
User tolerance of privacy abuse on mobile Internet and the country level of development
Authors: Callanan Cormac , Jerman-Blažič Borka , Blažič Andrej Jerman
Published: March 2015

This paper presents the results of an exploratory study on the awareness of users about privacy abuse when communicating and using the mobile Internet. The study researches the relationships and associations between the level of the telecommunications market development, the wealth of a country, user proficiency, the affordability of mobile technology, the level of user tolerance of state-implemented content censorship, and similar privacy threats. The results and findings were selected from a comprehensive body of data gathered from 10 countries which have a low record of respect for human rights. Most of the selected countries are Asian or African states. Differences between the tolerance levels of the various user communities are discussed in relation to the criteria which define the level of information society development and the user skill levels. For a better understanding of the wider issues a brief introduction explains the capacity of smartphones to protect a user’s privacy and the availability of circumvention tools against state initiated blocking.
An integrated conceptualization of content in an information society
Authors: Hanafizadeh Payam , Yarmohammadi Maryam
Published: March 2015

Content is the origin of communications. It is also one of the key indices in the evaluation of societies’ economic development. However, review of the literature reveals no agreed conceptualization of content. Lack of consensus regarding the definition of content, on the one hand, coupled with its significant role as a developmental determinant for an information society, on the other, were motives behind the proposed integrated definition of content presented in this study. Our suggested conceptualization of content is referred to as “Triple Cs”, and is composed of 3 elements: (1) cerebral process, (2) conduit(s), and (3) conduitee.
‘Justice for victims’ in trials of mass crimes
Authors: Hoven Elisa , Scheibel Saskia
Published: March 2015

Providing ‘justice for victims’ has become a common argument for the establishment of international criminal tribunals. However, the victims’ role in trials of mass atrocities is highly disputed among scholars and practitioners. This article will take a look behind the theoretical understanding of ‘justice’ and present the views of victims, judges, prosecutors and lawyers involved in the proceedings. Based on 30 qualitative interviews that have been conducted at the Khmer Rouge Tribunal in Cambodia, this article attempts to examine what elements of justice an international(ized) criminal trial can and should achieve from the perspective of its participants. An insight into the victims’ and legal professionals’ expectations for justice sheds light on the question to what extent ‘justice for victims’ is a feasible interest of internation(ized) trials or a mere symbolic label to legitimize international courts. Considering the financial and practical constraints of international criminal courts, the article endeavours to identify measures both in and out of the courtroom that balance the interests of all participants.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characterisation of JNJ-40411813, a positive allosteric modulator of mGluR2, in two randomised, double-blind phase-I studies
Authors: Salih Hiba , Anghelescu Ion , Kezic Iva , Sinha Vikash , Hoeben Eef , Van Nueten Luc , De Smedt Heidi , De Boer Peter
Published: March 2015

Metabotropic glutamate receptor-2 positive allosteric modulator, JNJ-40411813 (ADX71149), was characterised for clinical effects in healthy volunteers in two phase-1 studies. In study 1, healthy men received 50-, 100-, 150- or 225 mg and women received 100 mg JNJ-40411813 ( n=6, each cohort) or placebo ( n=2, each cohort) twice daily for seven days; smoking men ( n=30) received placebo twice daily on days 1−7, 100 mg JNJ-40411813 ( n=20) or placebo ( n=10) on days 8−14. In study 2, healthy men received intravenous 0.005 mg/kg S(+) ketamine over 60 min at 3 ( n=24; cohort 1), 12 h ( n=8; cohort 3), and 24 h ( n=8; cohort 2) after a single oral dose of 500 mg JNJ-40411813 or placebo. The pharmacokinetics and effects of JNJ-40411813 on cognition and subjective awareness were evaluated. Plasma JNJ-40411813 exposure was dose-dependent, tmax ranged from 3−4 h and t1/2 19.4−34.2 h across the dose levels. JNJ-40411813 significantly ( p=0.02) reduced continuity of attention score (150 mg dose) and ameliorated smoking withdrawal-induced changes in power of attention and quality of episodic memory versus placebo. A modest reduction in alertness was observed at 150–225 mg doses, JNJ-40411813 (500 mg) reduced S(+) ketamine-induced negative symptoms by approximately 43% and 30% in cohorts 1 and 3, respectively. JNJ-40411813 was generally well-tolerated.
Effects of ST1936, a selective serotonin-6 agonist, on electrical activity of putative mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons in the rat brain
Authors: Borsini Franco , Bordi Fabio , Poggi Andreina , Di Matteo Vincenzo
Published: March 2015

The serotonin-6 (5-HT6) receptor is the most recently discovered serotonin receptor, and it represents an increasingly promising target for improving cognition in both normal and disease states. Recently, a new selective 5-HT6 receptor agonist, 2-(5 chloro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-N,N-dimethylethanamine (ST1936), with nanomolar affinity for 5-HT6 receptors was described. We performed in-vivo electrophysiological studies to investigate the physiological role of 5-HT6 receptors in the control of the function of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA). Extracellular single-unit recordings were performed from putative dopamine-containing neurons in the SNc and VTA of anesthetised rats. In the SNc, acute systemic administration of ST1936 had no effects on basal firing activity of these dopamine neurons; however, in the VTA, ST1936 induced either dose-related increases (45% of cells) or decreases in basal activity of these dopaminergic neurons. Local application of ST1936 into the VTA caused excitation in all of the dopamine neurons, but had no effects on non-dopamine VTA neurons. Both effects of systemic and microiontophoretic ST1936 were completely reversed by the potent and selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonist 5-chloro-N-(4-methoxy-3-piperazin-1-ylphenyl)-3-methyl-2- benzothiophene-sulfonamide (SB271046). Systemic application of another 5-HT6 agonist, 2-(1-{6-chloroimidazo[2,1-b] [1,3]thiazole-5-sulfonyl}-1H-indol-3-yl)ethan-1-amine (WAY-181187), induced dose-dependent inhibition of these VTA dopaminergic neurons. ST1936 and WAY-181187 appear to have different effects on these VTA dopaminergic neurons, potentially due to different mechanisms of action or to the complexity of 5-HT6 receptor functions. Our data demonstrate the need for further investigations into the use of 5-HT6 receptor agonists to control cognitive disfunction, such as in schizophrenia and depression.
GHB for cataplexy: Possible mode of action
Authors: Szabadi Elemer
Published: March 2015

The sleep disorder narcolepsy is caused by the loss of orexinergic neurones in the lateral hypothalamus. A troublesome symptom of narcolepsy is cataplexy, the sudden loss of muscle tone in response to strong emotions. It can be alleviated by antidepressants and sodium oxybate (γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)). It is likely that the noradrenergic nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) is involved since it is essential for the maintenance of muscle tone, and ceases to fire during cataplectic attacks. Furthermore, alpha-2 adrenoceptors proliferate in the LC in cataplexy, probably due to ‘heterologous denervation supersensitivity’ resulting from the loss/weakening of the orexinergic input to the LC. This would lead to the sensitization of the autoinhibition mechanism of LC neurones mediated by inhibitory alpha-2 adrenoceptors (‘autoreceptors’). Thus the excitatory input from the amygdala to the LC, activated by an emotional stimulus, would lead to the ‘switching off’ of LC activity via the supersensitive auto-inhibition mechanism. GHB is an agonist at both γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) GABA (B) and GHB receptors that may be a subtype of an extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptor. GHB may prevent a cataplectic attack by dampening the tone of LC neurones via the stimulation of inhibitory extrasynaptic GABA receptors in the LC, and thus increasing the threshold for autoinhibition.
Topographic distribution and characteristics of normal gastric regional lymph nodes on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Mao Yun , Hedgire Sandeep S , Liao Gang , Lv Fajin , Li Yongmei , Li Qi , Wang Ziwei
Published: March 2015

Background

Current lack of recognition of normal gastric regional lymph nodes (GRLNs) and inherent defect of morphological imaging limit the accuracy of preoperative nodal (N) staging of gastric cancer.

Purpose

To map the distribution of normal GRLNs and evaluating the characteristics of GRLNs with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in healthy population.

Material and Methods

Forty-nine enrolled healthy volunteers were divided into two age groups and underwent conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and DWI examinations. The characteristics of GRLNs in 14 regional stations, including short axis diameter (SD), short-to-long axis diameter ratio (SLR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), were recorded and compared between age groups and among different stations.

Results

The normal GRLNs were mainly distributed in station 7 in both age groups, followed by stations 3, 8, and 9. The SLR was lower in the young group than in the old group ( P = 0.034) while SD, SNR, CNR, and ADC were significantly higher in the young group compared to the old group, P = 0.045, 0.041, 0.037, and 0.042, respectively. SD was different among stations in both age groups ( P = 0.002, 0.001), especially bigger in station 8, and the SNRs and CNRs of stations 8 and 9 were relatively high in the old group ( P = 0.031, 0.035), while there was no difference in ADC value.

Conclusion

Better understanding of the appearances of normal GRLNs on conventional MRI and DWI may help to build more appropriate imaging criteria for GRLN assessment in gastric cancer.
Multi-detector CT and MRI of microembolized myocardial infarct: monitoring of left ventricular function, perfusion, and myocardial viability in a swine model
Authors: Saeed Maythem , Bajwa Hisham Z , Do Loi , Hetts Steven W , Wilson Mark W
Published: March 2015

Background

Patients with acute myocardial infarct (MI) show additional damage after coronary interventions.

Purpose

To longitudinally quantify structural and functional changes in the left ventricle (LV) subjected to microembolized MI using multidisciplinary computed tomography (MDCT) and independent reference methods.

Material and Methods

Swine ( n = 20) served as controls (group I) or were subjected to a combination of coronary occlusion, microembolization, and reperfusion and imaged at 3 days (group II) or 3 days and 5 weeks (group III). LV volumes, perfusion, and MI mass were quantified on cine, perfusion, and delayed contrast enhancement (DE) MDCT. MRI, cardiac injury biomarkers, histochemical and histopathologic stains were used as independent references.

Results

MDCT showed a reduction in ejection fraction and increased end systolic volume (31 ± 2% and 82 ± 3 mL, respectively) of group III compared with I (48 ± 2% and 57 ± 1 mL, respectively). It also demonstrated perfusion deficits in microembolized MI and peri-infarcts. DE-MDCT delineated microvascular obstruction (MVO) zones embedded in acute microembolized MI and microinfarct specks resulting from persistent MVO by deposited microemboli in microvessels of peri-infarct zone. Bland-Altman test showed close agreements between the extents of microembolized MI measured on DE-MDCT, DE-MRI, and histochemical TTC staining, but not between these modalities and microscopy. MI resorption was evident between 3 days and 5 weeks (13.4 ± 0.5 g and 9.8 ± 0.5 g, P < 0.017) and histologic examination revealed incomplete healing. Injury biomarkers were increased after intervention.

Conclusion

MDCT can longitudinally quantify regional perfusion deficits, LV dysfunction, and resorption of microembolized MI. MDCT or MRI can be used alternatively after coronary interventions in cases of contraindications for one modality or the other.
Targeting pericranial nerve branches to treat migraine: Current approaches and perspectives
Authors: Ambrosini Anna , D’Alessio Carmelo , Magis Delphine , Schoenen Jean
Published: March 2015

Background

Migraine is a highly prevalent neurological disorders and a major individual and societal burden. Migraine is not curable at the present time, but it is amenable to acute symptomatic and preventive pharmacotherapies.

Since the latter are frequently unsatisfactory, other treatment strategies have been used or are being explored. In particular, interventions targeting pericranial nerves are now part of the migraine armamentarium. We will critically review some of them, such as invasive and noninvasive neurostimulation, therapeutic blocks and surgical decompressions.

Conclusions

Although current knowledge on migraine pathophysiology suggests a central nervous system dysfunction, there is some evidence that interventions targeting peripheral nerves are able to modulate neuronal circuits involved in pain control and that they could be useful in some selected patients. Larger, well-designed and comparative trials are needed to appraise the respective advantages, disadvantages and indications of most interventions discussed here.
Conservation of library collections
Authors: Manernova Olga
Published: March 2015

Limitations in the field of preservation of library collections have resulted in the destruction of many important documents, including rare books and manuscripts that, until recently, have not been sufficiently addressed. Although scientific approaches to document preservation have been developed, successful application has been met with substantial constraints in practical application. The Scientific Library of Tomsk State University is one of Russia’s major libraries, storing approximately 3.8 million items including manuscripts and rare books. However, there have been significant challenges in preserving the library collection and remediating damaged documents. Knowing that this ‘book treasure trove of Siberia’ was at risk of continuing degradation and in some cases complete loss due to various sources of decomposition, Russian authorities have increased emphasis on preservation, including additional funding. With this increased focus, researchers have revisited the approach to preservation and conservation including improved monitoring of storage facilities and collections, and deployment of better practices of preservation and restoration. In addition, the team rolled out a process to create electronic versions of the library collection to reduce physical access, thereby minimizing further damage. The purpose of this article is to describe the practical application to conservation, using the Scientific Library of Tomsk State University as a case study to demonstrate the successful outcome of an enhanced approach. While environmental conditions at the library were specific to a single location, the approach is believed to be applicable with similar efficacy to conservation efforts more broadly. However, additional funding, for which there is currently insufficient budget related to this specific study, will be necessary to fully complete these enhanced practices.
The expansion of the personal name authority record under Resource Description and Access
Authors: Moulaison Heather Lea
Published: March 2015

Persons are complex, and their representation in library authority records is becoming increasingly sophisticated through the addition of attributes under Resource Description and Access rules. This case study, using a longitudinal approach, examines attributes in authority records from the MERLIN cluster of academic libraries at both six months (i.e. September 2013) and one year (i.e. April 2014), after the official adoption of RDA to assess trends in attribute field usage. After one year of Resource Description and Access cataloging, this study investigates the metadata quality indicator of completeness. Overall, attributes supplied tend to be sparse; 87.58% of authority records had no attributes at all, but the number of records with content had increased over the previous six months. Almost 8% of authority records had at least one attribute after a year; and almost 5% had two or more attributes.
Scholarly productivity of Arab librarians in Library and Information Science journals from 1981 to 2010
Authors: Zakaria Mahmoud Sherif
Published: March 2015

Several studies discussed the characteristics of authors who published in Library and Information Science journals. Although none focused specifically on Arab librarians as authors, the current study attempts to reveal the scholarly contributions to library literature by Arab librarians. The study describes and analyses the journal research publications in Library and Information Science journals by professional librarians from 1981 to 2010. Single-author articles are found to be highly followed by two and three authored articles. The average degree of collaboration between authors in Library and Information Science journals is 9.64% (only 19 journal articles written by at least two or three authors). Finally, this study provides recommendations to Arab librarians to encourage them to be engaged in research in the Library and Information Science discipline.
Academic libraries
Authors: Matarazzo James M. , Pearlstein Toby
Published: March 2015

Networked access to full-text databases has disrupted both academic and corporate libraries from the research process. The for-profit environment, where libraries are less insulated by organizational prestige and historical tradition, has felt the impact of this more immediately. The changes in corporate libraries, as well as their efforts to remain relevant, can provide insight for academic libraries on how to weather the new realities. Academic libraries will need new strategies to maintain their relationship with students, faculty, and the academy to ensure sustainability.
Arthroscopic Fragment Fixation Using Hydroxyapatite/Poly-L-Lactate Acid Thread Pins for Treating Elbow Osteochondritis Dissecans
Authors: Uchida Soshi , Utsunomiya Hajime , Taketa Tomonori , Sakoda Shinsuke , Hatakeyama Akihisa , Nakamura Toshitaka , Sakai Akinori
Published: March 2015

Background:

Various procedures, such as arthroscopic debridement, osteochondral transplantation, and bone plug fixation, have been described for the treatment of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the humeral capitellum. However, the use of hydroxyapatite/poly-L-lactate acid (HA/PLLA) thread pins to fix the osteochondral fragment in an OCD lesion is a recent development.

Hypothesis:

Adolescent throwing athletes would return to preinjury levels of function after arthroscopic osteochondral fragment fixation using HA/PLLA thread pins.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Enrolled in this prospective cohort study were 18 adolescent baseball players (mean age, 14.2 years; range 12-16, years) with elbow OCD who underwent arthroscopic fragment fixation with HA/PLLA thread pins between 2006 and 2009. All patients were affected on their dominant side. Plain radiographs taken before surgery showed an open physis in 13 patients (72%) and a closed physis in 5 patients (28%). During surgery, the condition of the OCD lesion was evaluated by use of the International Cartilage Research Society (ICRS) classification system; there were 5 grade II, 11 grade III, and 2 grade IV cases. Outcomes were assessed after 3 years (mean, 39 months; range, 36-50 months). Elbow function was measured using the Timmerman and Andrews score and the Mayo Elbow Performance Index. Return to sports activity was assessed as higher than preinjury, same level, lower level, or no return to sports.

Results:

The mean Timmerman and Andrews score improved significantly from 126.6 ± 6.5 to 197.5 ± 1.5, and the mean Mayo Elbow Performance Index improved significantly from 68.0 ± 2.1 to 98.06 ± 0.9 ( P = .0001 for both). Mean elbow extension improved significantly from −10° ± 10.4° to −0.8° ± 5.2° ( P = .006), and mean flexion improved significantly from 123.1° ± 17.9° to 138.6° ± 6.1° ( P = .001). Three patients had a loss of extension greater than 5°. Five patients returned to a higher level of sports activity, 10 patients returned to the same level, and 2 patients returned to a lower level. A remaining patient did not return to baseball. In one patient, the lesion did not heal, resulting in fragmentation at 1 year after surgery. This patient consequently underwent revision arthroscopy to remove the lesion, and he eventually returned to sports at the same level of activity.

Conclusion:

Arthroscopic fragment fixation using HA/PLLA thread pins provides a beneficial clinical outcome to adolescent baseball players with humeral capitellar OCD.
Same-sex Sexuality and Postsecondary Outcomes
Authors: Wilkinson Lindsey , Pearson Jennifer
Published: March 2015

This study uses data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to examine how high school locale moderates the association between same-sex sexuality (SSS) and postsecondary outcomes, including four-year college enrollment and four-year degree completion. Our results suggest that the link between same-sex sexuality and college completion is complex, varying by gender, high school locale, and the timing of same-sex sexuality. We find that sexual minority men who attended a rural high school enroll in and complete college at higher rates than their heterosexual peers, although this varies by the timing of same-sex sexuality. Sexual minority women are less likely than heterosexual women to enroll in and complete college, and high school locale does not moderate this association. We discuss these gender differences and the role of high school locale in shaping both high school and college outcomes.
The Relationship between Military Service and Childbearing for Men and Women
Authors: Teachman Jay , Tedrow Lucky , Anderson Carter
Published: March 2015

Using data taken from the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY-97), we examine the relationship between military service and childbearing for both men and women. Using a fixed-effects procedure on longitudinal data, we find that military service reduces the fertility of male and female recruits. The negative effect of military service is much larger for women than for men. In addition, the negative effects of military service on childbearing persist after service members leave the military, although the effects diminish over time. Overall, even though military service may not lead to lower completed fertility, the evidence suggests a delaying effect on childbearing.
Micromechanics predictions for two-phased nanocomposites and three-phased multiscale composites: A review
Authors: Armbrister Chelsea EE , Okoli Okenwa I , Shanbhag Sachin
Published: March 2015

Advanced composites enhanced with nanoparticles demonstrate a plethora of potential uses in aerospace, automotive, and medical industries. However, there are difficulties in tailoring the properties of these materials during manufacturing. In order to fully utilize such materials, there is a need for a more fundamental understanding of composite structures after nanoparticle integration so that manufacturing these materials can be more efficient. In order to achieve this, the use of modeling and predictive methods has been frequently employed. This review seeks to summarize the recent advances in the analytical micromechanical analysis of nano-enhanced composites. First, we introduce the basic concepts involved in micromechanics. Next, we review existing micromechanics models. Then, we discuss the applications of these models in the prediction of nano-enhanced two-phased composite properties. Finally, we will extend our discussion to the recent incorporation of these models to three-phased composites or “multiscale” composite materials.
Primary Care Providers’ HIV Prevention Practices Among Older Adults
Authors: Davis Tracy , Teaster Pamela B. , Thornton Alice , Watkins John F. , Alexander Linda , Zanjani Faika
Published: March 2015

Purpose: To explore primary care providers’ HIV prevention practices for older adults. Primary care providers’ perceptions and awareness were explored to understand factors that affect their provision of HIV prevention materials and HIV screening for older adults. Design and Method: Data were collected through 24 semistructured interviews with primary care providers (i.e., physicians, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners) who see patients older than 50 years. Results: Results reveal facilitators and barriers of HIV prevention for older adults among primary care providers and understanding of providers’ HIV prevention practices and behaviors. Individual, patient, institutional, and societal factors influenced HIV prevention practices among participants, for example, provider training and work experience, lack of time, discomfort in discussing HIV/AIDS with older adults, stigma, and ageism were contributing factors. Furthermore, factors specific to primary and secondary HIV prevention were identified, for instance, the presence of sexually transmitted infections influenced providers’ secondary prevention practices. Implications: HIV disease, while preventable, is increasing among older adults. These findings inform future research and interventions aimed at increasing HIV prevention practices in primary care settings for patients older than 50.
Leading an effective improvement and development programme for children’s centres
Authors: Weston Gill , Tyler Mary
Published: March 2015

This article reviews the process and achievements of leadership of an improvement and development programme for children’s centres in the context of public value and Ofsted inspection. It analyses how the capacity has been developed of children’s centre managers to work more strategically and collectively. Distributed leadership theory is applied to this context, which has received limited attention from this perspective. It has helped to clarify how leadership is distributed in such complex multi-professional public sector contexts and placed emphasis on the dialogue and facilitation of the leadership practice. A model of an improvement cycle is constructed, and leading this programme is likened to turning a heavy flywheel. Although there has been a shift in thinking within the leadership team of the centres and more evidence of a collective professional will, regular input by the programme leader has been necessary to maintain the momentum of improvements. Ofsted grades have improved, and these centres are now in a stronger position to demonstrate their impact, which is important for maintaining funding at a time of austerity.
Towards an analysis of the policies that shape public education
Authors: Bell Les , Stevenson Howard
Published: March 2015

The environment in which school leaders and teachers work is shaped by educational policy. Policy is, in turn, derived from the dominant political ideologies at any particular time. The interrelationship between ideology and policy shapes both the overall organization of education and the operational practices and procedures of staff in schools and colleges. An understanding of the nature of policy, how it is derived from political ideology and how policy helps to determine both the organization of education at national, local and school and college level can help school leaders to develop effective responses to policy and policy shifts. This article offers a model for conducting such an analysis.
Acoustic emission detection and prediction of fatigue crack propagation in composite patch repairs using neural network
Authors: Okafor A Chukwujekwu , Singh Navdeep , Singh Navrag , Oguejiofor Benjamin N
Published: March 2015

This article presents the results of acoustic emission (AE) monitoring of crack propagation in 2024-T3 clad aluminum panels repaired with adhesively bonded octagonal and elliptical boron/epoxy composite patches using FM-73 adhesive under tension–tension fatigue loading. Two crack propagation gages and four broadband AE sensors were used to monitor crack initiation and propagation, respectively. The acquired AE signals were processed in time and frequency domain to identify sensor features correlated with fatigue cycle and crack propagation, which were used to train neural networks for predicting crack length. The results show that AE events are correlated with crack propagation, and crack propagation signals can be differentiated from signals due to matrix cracking, fiber breakage, and shear of the composite patch. Three back-propagation cascade feed-forward networks were trained to predict crack length using number of fatigue cycles, number of AE events, and number of fatigue cycles and number of AE events together as inputs, respectively. It was found that network with fatigue cycles as input gave good results, while the network with just AE events as input gave greater error. However, the network using both fatigue cycles and number of AE events as inputs to predict crack length gave much better results.
Handling Do-Not-Know Answers
Authors: de Leeuw Edith D. , Hox Joop J. , Boevé Anja
Published: March 2015

An important decision in online and mixed-mode questionnaire design is if and how to include a “do-not-know” (DK) option. Mandatory response is often a default option, but methodologists have advised against this. Several solutions for the DK category are suggested. These include (1) not explicitly offering a DK, but skipping questions is allowed, (2) explicitly offering a DK option with visual separation from the substantive responses, and (3) using the interactivity of the web to emulate interviewer probing after a DK answer. To test these solutions, experimental data were collected in a probability based online panel. Not offering DK, but allowing respondents to skip questions, followed by a polite probe when skips occurred, resulted in the lowest amount of missing information. To assess the effect of probing across different modes, a second experiment was carried out that compared explicitly and implicitly offering the DK option for web and telephone surveys.
Respondent Conditioning in Online Panel Surveys
Authors: Struminskaya Bella
Published: March 2015

In this article, we investigate changes in survey reporting due to prior interviewing. Two field experiments were implemented in a probability-based online panel in which the order of the questionnaires was switched. Although experimental methods for studying panel conditioning are favorable, experiments in longitudinal studies are rare. Studies on conditioning demand additional resources and might influence respondents’ answers. Panel conditioning is mostly associated with measurement errors. However, the discussion that sees it exclusively as a negative phenomenon is not comprehensive. Learning the rules of the interview may lead to increases or decreases in data quality (advantageous vs. disadvantageous conditioning). Overall, little evidence of advantageous conditioning and no disadvantageous conditioning is found. Apart from this reassuring finding, this aricle advances the field by using propensity score weighting to account for attrition and other confounding factors and by using paradata to evaluate the plausibility of alternative explanations of panel conditioning.
Friction characteristics of a multi-chamber cylinder for digital hydraulics
Authors: Ho Cho Seung , Niemi-Pynttäri Olli , Linjama Matti
Published: March 2015

This paper deals with the issue of defining friction characteristics of a multi-chamber cylinder for digital hydraulics. Using a multi-chamber cylinder under a set of supply pressures, friction characteristics are experimentally investigated for a range of velocity according to load conditions. A binary digit-based pressure e.g., high pressure or low pressure has been applied to each chamber. The friction force is measured based on the equation of motion using measured values of the pressures in the chambers of the multi-chamber cylinder and the position of the piston. As a mechanism to load the multi-chamber cylinder, a 1-Degree of Freedom (DOF) boom mockup mimicking a medium-sized mobile machine boom has been constructed. Then it has been utilized to test the motion of the cylinder under different mass–load conditions. It is shown that the cylinder states do not dominantly affect the friction force of a multi-chamber cylinder, comparing the effect of other parameter such as mass load and velocity, which is expected to be useful for the secondary control of digital hydraulic systems.
A plane-frame model for the analysis of cross beams in open-deck railway bridges
Authors: Karlikowski Janusz , Siekierski Wojciech
Published: March 2015

This paper shows how to establish a plane-frame computational model for the analysis of a cross beam in an open-deck railway bridge. The model consists of the analysed cross beam, parts of the main girders, as well as transverse and wind-bracing struts. The model is used to examine the behaviour of cross beams in two different types of open-deck spans: a plate girder span and a truss girder span. The modelling technique is particularly useful when an immediate assessment of the service load that can be borne by particular structural component is necessary. For instance, in emergency situations or when the technical condition of one structural component is much worse than any other component. The latter situation may occur in the case of open-deck bridges where the condition of the deck’s components is usually very poor. The stress levels in test-loaded cross beams are computed using the proposed plane-frame modelling approach. The computational results are compared to stress values based on strains recorded during actual test loading of bridges. It is shown that the plane-frame modelling of a cross beam with adjacent structural components overestimates normal stresses in the top flange of the cross beams by between 15 and 30%, whereas a simply supported beam model gives an overestimation of over 100%. Rotational restraint of the cross beams at their connection to the main girders is also investigated. The plane-frame modelling approach underestimates the restraint by between 13 and 23%. This is acceptable as long as the bending moment at the mid-span position governs the load-carrying capacity. This is usually true for open decks.
Misuse of fentanyl transdermal patch mixed with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Kucuk HO , Kucuk U , Kolcu Z , Balta S , Demirkol S
Published: March 2015

Fentanyl transdermal patches have long been used in the palliative care of patients with chronic pain with a favorable safety profile. However, intoxications secondary to intentional and unintentional misuse have been widely reported. In this study, we report an otherwise healthy woman presented to emergency department who used three patches of fentanyl to alleviate her knee pain and with a picture mimicking acute coronary syndrome.
The moral glocalization of sport: Local meanings of football in Chota Valley, Ecuador
Authors: Jijon Isabel
Published: March 2015

Studies of the glocalization of sport usually focus on ‘aesthetic glocalization’ (how local actors adopt a global sport and create a new hybrid aesthetic). This has led some critics to dismiss glocalization as a superficial ‘façade’ of diversity hiding global homogeneity. This paper challenges this view by looking at the ‘moral glocalization’ of sport and at the ways local actors give global sports local moral meanings. Drawing on interviews with Afro-descendants from Chota valley, Ecuador, it shows that in this peripheral community football is seen as: (1) a morally safe emotional outlet; (2) a moral education; (3) a source of national ‘communitas’; (4) racial pride; (5) a space for local moral heroes; and (6) a gateway to communal progress. In conclusion, local actors give global football deep moral meaning when they can associate it to local conceptions of the sacred.
Tour du dopage: Confessions of doping professional cyclists in a modern work environment
Authors: Smith Charlotte
Published: March 2015

Despite widespread condemnation of drug use in sport, recent flurries of riders’ confessions have emphasized the normalization and omnipresence of doping within cycling. This has particularly occurred since the Festina affair in 1998, and Lance Armstrong’s confession about drug use in 2012. Whilst there is an array of reasons for cyclists’ doping, little is known about how this is understood in relation to their performances. This paper addresses this by analyzing 112 doping cyclists’ confessions, adopting an interactionist perspective on deviance and a position of ‘sport as work’. Findings show how doping is legitimated by cyclists on three levels of their performance. These include maintaining their performance to themselves, presenting their performance to their team and supporting the grand spectacle of cycling. It is concluded that doping becomes a form of ‘performance egoism’ that allows cyclists to legitimate their performances.