bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amnistía, impunidad y la necesidad de una solución negociada en El Salvador
Authors: Howlland Todd
Published: May 2024

Este artículo pretende promover la discusión sobre una posible amnistía, esperando que la "solución" salvadoreña a este problema tan complejo contribuya en la transición de un gobierno dominado por el ejército a un gobierno basado en el respeto de los derechos humanos. El autor considera de suma importancia discutir el tema en sí y qué se debe hacer con quienes han violado los derechos humanos para que la experiencia salvadoreña se constituya en un precedente útil, aparte de resolver la situación conflictiva actual. Como muchos miembros de la Fuerza Armada han cometido abusos de los derechos humanos, esta es una excelente oportunidad para negociar una nueva ley de amnistía, la cual puede convertirse en fundamento legal para purificar y reestructurar a la misma Fuerza Armada.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 45, No. 498-499, 1990: 279-289.
DIALEKTIKA AL-QUR’AN DENGAN KONTEKS MASYARAKAT ARAB JAHILIYAH
Authors: Arifin Mohamad Zaenal
Published: May 2024

Al-Qur’an diturunkan oleh Allah Swt di tengah masyarakat Arab jahiliyah yang mempunyai sistem keyakinan, sosial, budaya, dan hukum yang berlaku turun menurun. Penelitian ini bertujuan menelisik interaksi timbal balik yang dilakukan al-Qur'an dengan tatanan kehidupan masyarakat Arab Jahiliyah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah library research dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif analitis. Peneliti mengambil sumber data primer melalui penelusuran literatur-literatur kepustakaan, selanjutnya dibahas secara mendalam dan dianalisis menggunakan teknik content analisis untuk menghasilkan kesimpulan. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa sepanjang turunnya al-Qur'an telah terjadi dialektika antara al-Qur’an dengan sistem dan budaya masyarakat jahiliyah dengan mengambil tiga bentuk, yaitu: menerima dan menyempurnakan (tahmil), mengubah atau merekonstruksi (taghyir), dan melarang atau menghentikan keberlakuan suatu hal (tahrim). Dialektika tersebut pada akhirnya menghasilkan dan membentuk model, budaya, sistem baru (model for reality) menurut sudut pandang al-Qur’an.
DAMPAK POSITIF KESEHATAN JASMANI DAN ROHANI DALAM DOKTRIN KEIMANAN DAN PENGAMALAN RITUAL IBADAH ISLAM PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR'AN
Authors: Arifin Mohamad Zaenal
Published: May 2024

Tulisan ini mengulas tentang pandangan al-Qur'an terkait dampak positif dari doktrin keimanan dan pengamalan ritual ibadah dalam agama Islam. Di kalangan kaum muslimin terdapat satu keyakinan bahwa seluruh ajaran yang terkandung dalam al-Qur'an, khususnya doktrin keimanan dan ritual ibadah, membawa manfaat pada kesehatan jasmani dan rohani pelakunya. Penelitia ini berjenis kualitatif kepustakaan, dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif analitis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode tafsir maudhu'i, dimana peneliti menentukan tema pokok pembahasan, mengumpulkan ayat-ayat yang relevan dengan tema, dan selanjutnya mendeskripsikan serta menganalisisnya. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa keimanan yang kuat dan istiqamah akan memberikan kestabilan sikap dan emosi bagi orang beriman. Sementara, ritual ibadah shalat, puasa, berzakat, ibadah Haji, dan dzikir, secara psikis akan memberi rasa tenang, bahagia, jauh dari kecemasan, putus asa, dan melatih jiwa memiliki daya tahan untuk berjuang, harapan, optimis, dan semacamnya.  Terhadap kesehatan fisik, pengamalan ritual ibadah akan membantu menguatkan sistem kekebalan tubuh, mengistirahatkan dan mengurangi beban organ tubuh, meningkatkan daya serap makanan, memperbaiki fungsi hormon, meremajakan sel-sel tubuh, membersihkan tubuh dari racun, menyingkirkan penyakit, bahkan menyembuhkan dari penyakit yang diderita. Selanjutnya, secara sosial akan menumbuhkan rasa kebersamaan, rasa diperhatikan, dan dukungan sosial. Sebaliknya, akan menghindarkan seseorang dari rasa terisolir, dikucilkan, tidak dapat bergabung dalam kelompok, dan tidak diterima oleh orang lain
Enhancing food and nutritional security through Gender-Disaggregated Analysis: A case study of Lake Victoria Shore, Tanzania
Authors: Jettah Raphael N. , Mbasa Bonamax , Mdoe Christopher N.
Published: May 2024

Background: Understanding the extent and the domains under which food and nutrition insecurity is more critical is essential for designing appropriate interventions and targeting strategies. However, it has been very undesirable that access to such information in Lake Victoria Shores has been undeniably very rare. Aims: This study was conducted in Mara and Simiyu regions along the Lake Victoria shores aiming to investigate the extent of food and nutrition security in the study area, exploring the variation of food and nutritional security across genders of the household head and examining the influence of household income on food and nutrition security. Material and Methods: A total of 450 households were involved in this survey. Data collection methods were a focus group discussion, household surveys, key informant interviews, and observations. Results: Results indicated that: Food consumption, food access stability, and nutritional quality in the surveyed areas were substantially unsatisfactory and varied across studied areas; When data are disaggregated by gender, the results indicated that male-headed households were slightly better than female-headed households in nearly all food security aspects, with the difference between two types of households for food consumption and sufficiency aspects being marginally significant (p < 0.10). Furthermore, the finding indicates that household food security improves with household income. The proportion of households with food insufficiency and food instability generally tended to decline significantly with increased household income. Conclusion: The study, therefore, recommends strengthening horticultural crop production, fish farming, and paddy production and introducing high-value and nutritious food crops like Orange fleshed Sweet Potatoes to increase income, food and nutrition security. Sensitization and emphasis on using various food groups should be carried out to improve food and nutritional diversity.
Keywords: Food and nutrition security, Gender disaggregation, Lake Victoria shore, Household income, Intervention strategies.
Recent advances in interventional cardiology for coronary artery disease: a systematic literature review
Authors: Coronel Mite Ana Paula , Mosquera-Ceprian Rafael Andres , Orellana Franco Christian Abraham , Meza Pacheco Gabriela Samantha , Paredes Torres José Mauricio
Published: May 2024

Recent advancements and innovations in interventional cardiology have already revolutionized coronary artery disease (CAD) treatment and management. Interventional cardiology is a new hope for CAD patients because its evolution has improved disease symptoms. We aimed to explore the integration of diagnostic, therapeutic, and risk management innovations against CAD. In diagnostic advancements, we aimed to discuss the evolution of imaging techniques such as MRI, echocardiography, positron emission tomography (PET), and coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), focusing on their unique benefits in the early detection and assessment of CAD. Interventional techniques, notably percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) innovations, have evolved, incorporating bioresorbable vascular scaffolds, drug-eluting stents, and advanced imaging technologies to enhance procedural success and patient outcomes. Moreover, post-PCI care advancements, including newer antiplatelet agents and PCSK9 inhibitors, have contributed to more personalized and effective CAD management strategies. This paper will also discuss significant strides made in interventional cardiology, underscoring a future where integrated approaches continue to advance patient care in CAD.
DA MENTE À BOCA: O IMPACTO DAS EMOÇÕES NO BRUXISMO- UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Santos Rebeca Calazans dos , Teles Marcelo Cleber Teixeira
Published: May 2024

O bruxismo, caracterizado pelo apertamento ou ranger dos dentes, é um fenômeno multifatorial que transcende o âmbito odontológico, envolvendo uma complexa interação entre fatores físicos e emocionais. Respostas emocionais intensas, como estresse, ansiedade e depressão, demonstram desempenhar um papel significativo na manifestação e intensificação desse comportamento, que se divide em duas categorias: bruxismo do sono e bruxismo de vigília. A relação bidirecional entre o estado emocional do indivíduo e o bruxismo destaca a importância de uma abordagem abrangente no entendimento e tratamento dessas manifestações, que leve em consideração tanto os aspectos físicos quanto emocionais para uma abordagem completa e eficaz. O objetivo desse trabalho é verificar a relação entre o bruxismo e as emoções e destacar que, para as perspectivas promissoras no prognóstico de pacientes bruxômanos, a investigação aprofundada sobre a multifatoriedade do bruxismo, principalmente no que tange os aspectos emocionais, bem como, a compreensão da necessidade do avanço das terapêuticas multidisciplinares, são imprescindíveis. A abordagem metodológica do presente estudo é a revisão bibliográfica relacionando o bruxismo às emoções humanas, reunindo artigos do banco de dados Pubmed, Scielo, Google Scholar, National Library of Medicine e Psyinfo nas línguas de inglês ou português que compreendem ano de publicação de 1970 a 2019. Ao final foi possível concluir que o bruxismo não possui cura e é de caráter progressivo na humanidade, bem como a inter-relação entre as emoções e o bruxismo, cientificamente comprovada, é cotidiana e necessita de pesquisas mais aprofundadas para o aprimoramento da conduta odontológica integradora frente a pacientes bruxômanos.
OS LIMITES DAS MEDIDAS ATÍPICAS NO ÂMBITO DO CPC 2015 E AS DECISÕES REITERADAS DOS TRIBUNAIS SUPERIORES PARA SE EFETIVAR A EFICIÊNCIA DAS TUTELAS EXECUTIVAS
Authors: Machado Daniel Maia , Santos Lucas Ericles Pires dos , Moreira Luiz Carlos
Published: May 2024

Medidas de execução atípica, são preceitos jurídicos que incumbe o magistrado a tomar medidas em últimos casos, no que diz respeito ao cumprimento de determinado crédito a partir de uma relação jurídica aonde se tem a existência de dois elementos, credor e devedor e a partir dessa relação nasce a inadimplência e após esgotada todas as formas e acordos de negociação, renegociação e com seu insucesso, daí a intervenção do juiz usando da investidura de sua função com base no art. 139, IV do código de processo civil CPC. Toda via, tal medida tem gerado grande polêmica no judiciário, por que uma vez que o magistrado toma tal medida num processo em relação ao devedor inadimplente, como por exemplo reter cartão de crédito, passaporte, ou carteira de habilitação, para alguns doutrinadores, juristas etc. tal medida fere veementemente o direito de ir vir daquela pessoa que teve a retenção de tais documentos e crédito, a questão discutida aqui acerca da temática é que tal medida tem sido tomada em virtude de forçar o pagamento daquele crédito, bem como o embasamento de que, ora, se o devedor não tem dinheiro para quitar aquela dívida, não tem também para gastar com viagens, pagar cartão de crédito ou colocar combustível para andar no seu veículo. O supremo tribunal federal STF, vem julgando, discutindo e apreciando entendimentos e decisões reiteradas, de tribunais superiores acerca do tema através da ação direta de inconstitucionalidade ADI 5941, proposta pelos partidos dos trabalhadores (PT), sendo assim até julgamento dessa premissa pelo STF, tal tema tem gerado bastante polêmicas no meio do judiciário, por haver essa divergência e choque do entendimento diverso.
A UTILIZAÇÃO DA ATA NOTARIAL NO ÂMBITO DIGITAL
Authors: Costa Leandra Santos , Rocha Mariana Pires
Published: May 2024

A presente pesquisa tem como tema a utilização da ata notarial no âmbito digital, no ambiente digital, caracterizado pela volatilidade e manipulabilidade dos dados, surge o questionamento sobre a capacidade de adaptação da ata notarial, um instrumento tradicional de fé pública, para garantir a autenticidade e a integridade das informações online. Sendo assim, surge o seguinte questionamento, a ata notarial pode fornecer um registro seguro e confiável de transações e interações digitais, servindo como meio de prova em processos judiciais? Ao conferir fé pública a os registros realizados por tabeliães, ela atua como uma salvaguarda contra a disseminação de informações falsas. O objetivo geral é explorar a adaptação e eficácia da ata notarial no ambiente digital, com objetivos específicos focados em examinar a legislação vigente, identificar desafios tecnológicos, legais e práticos, e propor recomendações para aprimorar seu uso. Utilizando uma abordagem qualitativa, a metodologia incluiu revisão de legislação e revisão crítica de literatura sobre autenticação digital e combate à desinformação. Os resultados indicam que, apesar dos desafios, a ata notarial digital possui um potencial significativo para assegurar a autenticidade e a integridade das informações digitais. Recomendações foram formuladas para orientar futuras legislações e práticas notariais, assegurando a segurança jurídica no ambiente digital.
A DEPENDÊNCIA QUÍMICA E AS RELAÇÕES NA CONJUNTURA FAMILIAR
Authors: Silva Vanessa Maria da , Coutinho Diogenes José Gusmão
Published: May 2024

Este trabalho de conclusão de curso apresentou como tema os prejuízos da dependência química, oportunizando reflexões sobre os aspectos que leva os jovens a dependência química. A pesquisa foi bibliográfica, qualitativa e exploratória em sítios de domínio público e em bases de dados científicos e oficiais disponíveis que oportunizaram reflexões a cerca do assunto. O estudo teve como objetivo geral conhecer os prejuízos da dependência química para a juventude, assim como para as relações estabelecidas no âmbito. O estudo oportunizou concluir que atuar na questão precisa compreender que são indivíduos que necessitam de atenção especial, pois se trata de um ser em formação, complexidades emocionais, onde estão em desenvolvimento, que precisa de cuidados e atenção para descobrir seu potencial, além do desenvolvimento ocorrer de forma saudável.
Global retrieval of stratospheric and tropospheric BrO columns from the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite Nadir Mapper (OMPS-NM) on board the Suomi-NPP satellite
Authors: Chong Heesung , González Abad Gonzalo , Nowlan Caroline R. , Chan Miller Christopher , Saiz-Lopez Alfonso , Fernandez Rafael P. , Kwon Hyeong-Ahn , Ayazpour Zolal , Wang Huiqun , Souri Amir H. , Liu Xiong , Chance Kelly , O'Sullivan Ewan , Kim Jhoon , Koo Ja-Ho , Simpson William R. , Hendrick François , Querel Richard , Jaross Glen , Seftor Colin , Suleiman Raid M.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Quantifying the global bromine monoxide (BrO) budget is essential to understand ozone chemistry better. In particular, the tropospheric BrO budget has not been well characterized. Here, we retrieve nearly a decade (February 2012–July 2021) of stratospheric and tropospheric BrO vertical columns from the Ozone Mapping and Profiling Suite Nadir Mapper (OMPS-NM) on board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi-NPP) satellite. In quantifying tropospheric BrO enhancements from total slant columns, the key aspects involve segregating them from stratospheric enhancements and applying appropriate air mass factors. To address this concern and improve upon the existing methods, our study proposes an approach that applies distinct BrO vertical profiles based on the presence or absence of tropospheric BrO enhancement at each pixel, identifying it dynamically using a satellite-derived stratospheric-ozone–BrO relationship. We demonstrate good agreement for both stratosphere (r = 0.81–0.83) and troposphere (r = 0.50–0.70) by comparing monthly mean BrO vertical columns from OMPS-NM with ground-based observations from three stations (Lauder, Utqiaġvik, and Harestua). Although algorithm performance is primarily assessed at high latitudes, the OMPS-NM BrO retrievals successfully capture tropospheric enhancements not only in polar regions but also in extrapolar areas, such as the Rann of Kutch and the Great Salt Lake. We also estimate random uncertainties in the retrievals pixel by pixel, which can assist in quantitative applications of the OMPS-NM BrO dataset. Our BrO retrieval algorithm is designed for cross-sensor applications and can be adapted to other space-borne ultraviolet spectrometers, contributing to the creation of continuous long-term satellite BrO observation records.
An Improvement of the One-dimensional Ocean Wave Description based on SWIM Observations
Authors: Wang Yihui , Xu Xingou
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The one-dimensional ocean wave spectra (1D spectra) describing the total energy of the ocean waves are vital for providing ocean surface roughness information in remote sensing simulations. Most existing wave spectrum models deviate from real ocean surface descriptions due to limitations of observation methods and approximation in theories applied to generating them. In this research, the widely applied Goda and Elfouhaily spectra in their 1-D form are compared with the remote sensing products from the Surface Waves Investigation and Monitoring instrument (SWIM) on-board the China France Oceanography Satellite (CFOSAT). Differences between models and the measurements are addressed, then the causes are analyzed and concluded in terms of sea states. Then, a Combined spectrum (C spectrum) considering varied sea states is proposed as a closer model to the observations of the real sea, where parameterization of the spectral peak enhancement factor (γ) is achieved by the inverse wave age and wave steepness for multiple sea states. Then the specific values of the all-state sea are obtained from SWIM observations. The validation of the C spectrum is achieved by comparisons with SWIM measurements not utilized during the model establishment, and with buoy measurements. The difference index (DI) and the R-squared (R2), are calculated for evaluation of the results, indicating that the C spectrum demonstrates closer fitting to the SWIM and buoy measurements than both Goda and Elfouhaily spectra. The DI and R2 for the C spectrum are compared to the Goda spectrum, which is closer to SWIM measurements than E spectrum, and values are 0.780 and 0.909 respectively. Results suggest the C spectrum is suitable for providing information required for remote sensing applications. Further research would be focusing on implementing description in different azimuthal directions.
Monitoring the impact of forest changes on carbon uptake with solar-induced fluorescence measurements from GOME-2A and TROPOMI for an Australian and Chinese case study
Authors: Anema Juliëtte C. S. , Boersma Klaas Folkert , Stammes Piet , Koren Gerbrand , Woodgate William , Köhler Philipp , Frankenberg Christian , Stol Jacqui
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Reliable and robust monitoring tools are crucial to assess the effectiveness of land mitigation techniques (LMTs) in enhancing carbon uptake, enabling informed decision making by policymakers. This study, addressing one of the scientific goals of the EU Horizon 2020 Land Use Based Mitigation for Resilient Climate Pathways (LANDMARC) project, examines the feasibility of using satellite solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) in combination with other satellite data as a monitoring proxy to evaluate the effects of LMTs on carbon uptake. Two distinct cases are explored: (1) instantaneous vegetation destruction caused by a 2019 eucalyptus wildfire in southeast Australia and (2) gradual forest gain resulting from reforestation efforts in northern China in 2007–2012. The cases are monitored using SIF from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) and Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2A (GOME-2A), respectively. Comparing the temporal variability in SIF across the affected areas and nearby reference areas reveals that vegetation dynamics changed as a consequence of the land-use changes in both cases. Specifically, in the Australia case, TROPOMI demonstrated an immediate reduction in the SIF signal of 0.6 mW m−2 sr−1 nm−1 (−72 %) over the eucalypt forest right after the fire. Exploiting the strong correspondence between TROPOMI SIF and gross primary productivity (GPP) at the nearby representative eddy covariance Tumbarumba site and through the FluxSat product, we estimate that the Australian fire led to a loss in GPP of 130–200 GgC in the first 8 months after the fire. Over the northern Chinese provinces of Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, and Shanxi, we report an increase in GOME-2A summertime SIF of 0.1–0.2 mW m−2 sr−1 nm−1, coinciding with reforestation efforts between 2007 and 2012. This increase in the SIF signal is likely driven by a combination of increasingly favourable natural conditions and by the reforestation effort itself. A multivariate model that takes into account growth factors such as water availability and maximum temperature as well as satellite-derived forest-cover data explains the observed variability in GOME-2A SIF in the Chinese case reasonably well (R2=0.72). The model suggests that increases in both forest cover and soil moisture have led, in step, to the observed increase in vegetation activity over northern China. In that region, for every 100 km2 of additional forest cover, SIF increases by 0.1 mW m−2 sr−1 nm−1 between 2007 and 2012. Our study highlights that the use of satellite-based SIF, together with supporting in situ, modelled, and satellite data, allows us to monitor the impact of LMT implementation on regional carbon uptake as long as the scale of the LMT is of sufficient spatial extent.
Long Short-Term Memory Networks for Real-time Flood Forecast Correction: A Case Study for an Underperforming Hydrologic Model
Authors: Gegenleithner Sebastian , Pirker Manuel , Dorfmann Clemens , Kern Roman , Schneider Josef
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Flood forecasting systems play a key role in mitigating socio-economic damages caused by flooding events. The majority of these systems rely on process-based hydrologic models (PBHM), which are used to predict future river runoff. To enhance the forecast accuracy of these models, many operational flood forecasting systems implement error correction techniques, which is particularly important if the underlying hydrologic model is underperforming. Especially, AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) type models are frequently employed for this purpose. Despite their high popularity, numerous studies have pointed out potential shortcomings of these models, such as a decline in forecast accuracy with increasing lead time. To overcome the limitations presented by conventional ARIMA models, we propose a novel forecast correction technique based on a hindcast-forecast Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network. We showcase the effectiveness of the proposed approach by rigorously comparing its capabilities to those of an ARIMA model, utilizing one underperforming PBHM as a case study. Additionally, we test whether the LSTM benefits from the PBHM's results or if a similar accuracy can be reached by employing a standalone LSTM. Our investigations show that the proposed LSTM model significantly improves the PBHM's forecasts. Compared to ARIMA, the LSTM achieves a higher forecast accuracy for longer lead times. In terms of flood event runoff, the LSTM performs mostly on par with ARIMA in predicting the magnitude of the events. However, the LSTM majorly outperforms ARIMA in accurately predicting the timing of the peak runoff. Furthermore, our results provide no reliable evidence of whether the LSTM is able to extract information from the PBHM's results, given the widely equal performance of the proposed and standalone LSTM models.
Diurnal variation of amplified canopy urban heat island in Beijing megacity during heat wave periods: Roles of mountain-valley circulation and urban morphology
Authors: Shi Tao , Yang Yuanjian , Qi Ping , Lolli Simone
Published: May 2024

Abstract. In the context of global warming and rapid urbanization, heat waves (HW) are becoming more frequent, which is amplifying canopy urban heat island (CUHI) via various driving mechanisms. While the roles of local circulation and urban morphology remain unclear in the synergistic interaction between HW and CUHI. By utilizing the data from high-density automatic weather stations in the Beijing megacity, this article explored spatiotemporal patterns of the interactions between HW and CUHI. The average daily CUHII during HW periods exhibited a significant increase of 59.33 % compared to the non-heat wave (NHW) periods. Mountain-valley breeze significantly modulated the spatiotemporal patterns of CUHI intensity (CUHII). In particular, on an urban scale, the turning mountain-valley breeze caused horizontal transport of heat inner-city, resulting in the north-south asymmetric pattern of urban excess warming during HW periods. On a street scale, the amplified CHUII was closely associated with urban morphology in the inner city, especially for the vertical characteristics of buildings. During the mountain breeze phase, the amplification of CUHII in the high-rise street zone was significantly stronger than that in the low-rise street zone. During the valley breeze phase, the amplification of CUHII in high-rise street zones exhibits weaker effects in the afternoon compared to the low-rise street areas, while demonstrating stronger amplification during the nighttime. Our findings provide scientific insight to understand the driving mechanisms of urban excess warming and mitigating the escalating risks associated with extreme high-temperature events over megacities in the transitional zone of mountains and plains.
Exploring micro-scale heterogeneity as a driver of biogeochemical transformations and gas transport in peat
Authors: Kohl Lukas , Kiuru Petri , Palviainen Marjo , Raivonen Maarit , Koskinen Markku , Pihlatie Mari , Lauren Annamari
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Peat pore network architecture is a key determinant of water retention and gas transport properties, and has therefore been hypothesized to control redox conditions in and greenhouse gas emissions from peat soils. Yet, experimental proof of the impact of the pore network structure on biogeochemical reactions remains scarce. Here, we report on a 13C pulse-chase assay developed to functionally explain and visualize the cm-scale heterogeneity in greenhouse gas emissions in peat cores. We injected a 13C labeled substrate (13C2-acetate) at different depths in the peat cores and monitored its conversion into CO2 and CH4 and the subsequent transport to the core headspace. We then measured the pore network architecture of the same cores by X-ray microtomographic imaging and constructed the air-filled pore networks using pore network modeling. We found large heterogeneity among the replicate cores and injections, indicating the effects of cm-scale heterogeneity on biochemical processes and gas transport. This heterogeneity was largely present at the core (10 cm) and within-core (cm) scale heterogeneity whereas little additional variance occurred on the stand (>10 m) scale. Deeper injections resulted in a smaller faction of the label being converted to CO2 and this fraction being emitted more slowly from the peat cores. Greater peat air-filled porosity was and pore network metrics could not explain the fraction of label converted to CO2, but greater porosity as well as higher clustering coefficients and betweenness centrality were associated with slower CO2 emissions.
RASCAL v1.0.0: An Open Source Tool for Climatological Time Series Reconstruction and Extension
Authors: González-Cervera Álvaro , Durán Luis
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The reduction of in situ observations in recent decades poses a potential risk of losing crucial information in regions where local effects significantly shape their climatology. Reanalyses face challenges in examining climatologies with highly localized effects, particularly in regions with intricate orography. Empirical downscaling methods offer a cost-effective and easier to implement in new areas alternative to dynamic downscaling methods. This article introduces RASCAL, an open-source Python tool designed to address gaps in observational climate data, especially in regions with limited long-term data and significant local effects, such as mountainous areas. Employing an object-oriented programming style, RASCAL's methodology effectively links large-scale circulation patterns with local atmospheric features, using the analog method in combination with principal components analysis (PCA), outperforming reanalysis in conveying climatic characteristics. The package contains routines for preprocessing observations and reanalysis data, generating reconstructions using various methods, and evaluating the reconstruction's performance in reproducing the time series of observations, statistical properties, and relevant climatic indices. Its high modularity and flexibility allows fast and reproducible downscaling. The evaluations carried out in central Spain, near a mountainous area and an urbanized area, demonstrate that RASCAL performs better than the ERA20C and ERA20CM reanalysis in terms of R2, standard deviation, and bias. This is particularly evident in the reconstruction of monthly total precipitation. It is worth noting that RASCAL generates series with statistical properties, such as seasonality and daily distributions, that closely resemble observations, thus addressing the limitations of reanalysis biases. This addresses the limitations of reanalysis biases and confirms the potential of this method for conducting robust climate research. The adaptability of RASCAL to diverse scientific objectives is also highlighted. However, there are challenges to consider, such as the requirement for long-term data series and susceptibility to disruptions caused by changes in land use or urbanization processes. Despite these limitations, RASCAL's positive outcomes offer opportunities for comprehensive climate variability analyses and potential applications in downscaling short-term forecasts, seasonal predictions, and climate change scenarios. The Python code and the Jupyter Notebook for the reconstruction validation are publicly available as an open project.
DEUCE v1.0: a neural network for probabilistic precipitation nowcasting with aleatoric and epistemic uncertainties
Authors: Harnist Bent , Pulkkinen Seppo , Mäkinen Terhi
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Precipitation nowcasting (forecasting locally for 0–6 h) serves both public security and industries, facilitating the mitigation of losses incurred due to, e.g., flash floods and is usually done by predicting weather radar echoes, which provide better performance than numerical weather prediction (NWP) at that scale. Probabilistic nowcasts are especially useful as they provide a desirable framework for operational decision-making. Many extrapolation-based statistical nowcasting methods exist, but they all suffer from a limited ability to capture the nonlinear growth and decay of precipitation, leading to a recent paradigm shift towards deep-learning methods which are more capable of representing these patterns. Despite its potential advantages, the application of deep learning in probabilistic nowcasting has only recently started to be explored. Here we develop a novel probabilistic precipitation nowcasting method, based on Bayesian neural networks with variational inference and the U-Net architecture, named DEUCE. The method estimates the total predictive uncertainty in the precipitation by combining estimates of the epistemic (knowledge-related and reducible) and heteroscedastic aleatoric (data-dependent and irreducible) uncertainties, using them to produce an ensemble of development scenarios for the following 60 min. DEUCE is trained and verified using Finnish Meteorological Institute radar composites compared to established classical models. Our model is found to produce both skillful and reliable probabilistic nowcasts based on various evaluation criteria. It improves the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve scores 1 %–5 % over STEPS and LINDA-P baselines and comes close to the best-performer STEPS on a continuous ranked probability score (CRPS) metric. The reliability of DEUCE is demonstrated with, e.g., having the lowest expected calibration error at 20 and 25 dBZ reflectivity thresholds and coming second at 35 dBZ. On the other hand, the deterministic performance of ensemble means is found to be worse than that of extrapolation and LINDA-D baselines. Last, the composition of the predictive uncertainty is analyzed and described, with the conclusion that aleatoric uncertainty is more significant and informative than epistemic uncertainty in the DEUCE model.
Enhancing long short-term memory (LSTM)-based streamflow prediction with a spatially distributed approach
Authors: Yu Qiutong , Tolson Bryan A. , Shen Hongren , Han Ming , Mai Juliane , Lin Jimmy
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Deep learning (DL) algorithms have previously demonstrated their effectiveness in streamflow prediction. However, in hydrological time series modelling, the performance of existing DL methods is often bound by limited spatial information, as these data-driven models are typically trained with lumped (spatially aggregated) input data. In this study, we propose a hybrid approach, namely the Spatially Recursive (SR) model, that integrates a lumped long short-term memory (LSTM) network seamlessly with a physics-based hydrological routing simulation for enhanced streamflow prediction. The lumped LSTM was trained on the basin-averaged meteorological and hydrological variables derived from 141 gauged basins located in the Great Lakes region of North America. The SR model involves applying the trained LSTM at the subbasin scale for local streamflow predictions which are then translated to the basin outlet by the hydrological routing model. We evaluated the efficacy of the SR model with respect to predicting streamflow at 224 gauged stations across the Great Lakes region and compared its performance to that of the standalone lumped LSTM model. The results indicate that the SR model achieved performance levels on par with the lumped LSTM in basins used for training the LSTM. Additionally, the SR model was able to predict streamflow more accurately on large basins (e.g., drainage area greater than 2000 km2), underscoring the substantial information loss associated with basin-wise feature aggregation. Furthermore, the SR model outperformed the lumped LSTM when applied to basins that were not part of the LSTM training (i.e., pseudo-ungauged basins). The implication of this study is that the lumped LSTM predictions, especially in large basins and ungauged basins, can be reliably improved by considering spatial heterogeneity at finer resolution via the SR model.
Impact of drought hazards on flow regimes in anthropogenically impacted streams: an isotopic perspective on climate stress
Authors: Warter Maria Magdalena , Tetzlaff Dörthe , Marx Christian , Soulsby Chris
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Flow regimes are increasingly impacted by more extreme natural hazards of droughts and floods as a result of climate change, compounded by anthropogenic influences in both urban and intensively managed rural catchments. However, the characteristics of sustainable flow regimes that are needed to maintain or restore hydrologic, biogeochemical and ecological function under rapid global change remain unclear and contested. We conducted an inter-comparison of two streams in the Berlin-Brandenburg region of NE Germany, which are both mesoscale sub-catchments of the River Spree; an intermittent rural agricultural stream (the Demnitzer Millcreek) and a heavily anthropogenically impacted urban stream (the Panke). Through tracer-based analyses using stable water isotopes, we identified the dominant physical processes (runoff sources, flowpaths and age characteristics) sustaining streamflow over multiple years (2018–2023), including three major drought years (2018–20, 2021–22). In the urban stream, low flows are regulated through artificially increased baseflow from treated waste water effluent (by up to 80 %), whilst storm drainage drives rapid, transient high flow and runoff responses (up to 80 %) to intense convective summer rainfall. The intermittent groundwater-dominated rural stream experienced extended no-flow periods during drought years (⁓ 60 % of the year), and only moderate storm runoff coefficients (<10 %) in winter along near-surface flows paths after heavy rainfall. In both streams, groundwater dominance with young water influence prevails, with low water ages in the urban stream (<10 %) despite significant urban runoff, and higher ones in the rural stream (⁓15 %). Urban cover resulted in mean transit time of ⁓4 years compared to arable land with ⁓3 years, highlighting the interlinkages of landuse and catchment properties on catchment transit times. Understanding seasonal and interannual variability in streamflow generation through a tracer-based hydrological template, has potential for assessing the impacts of natural hazards on the sustainability of future baseflow management, including wider water quality and ecological implications across anthropogenically impacted environments.
Nonlinear processes in tsunami simulations for the Peruvian coast with focus on Lima and Callao
Authors: Androsov Alexey , Harig Sven , Zamora Natalia , Knauer Kim , Rakowsky Natalja
Published: May 2024

Abstract. This investigation addresses the tsunami inundation in Lima and Callao caused by the massive 1746 earthquake (Mw 9.0) along the Peruvian coast. Numerical modeling of the tsunami inundation processes in the nearshore includes strong nonlinear numerical terms. In a comparative analysis of the calculation of the tsunami wave effect, two numerical codes are used, Tsunami-HySEA and TsunAWI, which both solve the shallow water (SW) equations but with different spatial approximations. The comparison primarily evaluates the flow velocity fields in inundated areas. The relative importance of the various parts of the SW equations is determined, focusing on the nonlinear terms. Particular attention is paid to the contribution of momentum advection, bottom friction, and volume conservation. The influence of the nonlinearity on the degree and volume of inundation, flow velocity, and small-scale fluctuations is determined. The sensitivity of the solution concerning the bottom friction parameter is also investigated, showing the effects of nonlinearity processes in the inundated areas, wave heights, current velocity, and the spatial structure variations shown in tsunami inundation maps.
Simulating multi-hazard event sets for life cycle consequence analysis
Authors: Iannacone Leandro , Otárola Kenneth , Gentile Roberto , Galasso Carmine
Published: May 2024

Abstract. In the context of natural hazard risk quantification and modeling of hazard interactions, some literature separates “Level I” (or occurrence) interactions from “Level II” (or consequence) interactions. The Level I interactions occur inherently due to the nature of the hazards, independently of the presence of physical assets. In such cases, one hazard event triggers or modifies the occurrence of another (e.g., flooding due to heavy rain, liquefaction and landslides triggered by an earthquake), thus creating a dependency between the features characterizing such hazard events. They differ from Level II interactions, which instead occur through impacts/consequences on physical assets/components and systems (e.g., accumulation of physical damage or social impacts due to earthquake sequences, landslides due to the earthquake-induced collapse of a retaining structure). Multi-hazard life cycle consequence (LCCon) analysis aims to quantify the consequences (e.g., repair costs, downtime, casualty rates) throughout a system’s service life and should account for both Level I and II interactions. The available literature generally considers Level I interactions – the focus of this study – mainly defining relevant taxonomies, often qualitatively, without providing a computational framework to simulate a sequence of hazard events incorporating the identified interrelations among them. This paper addresses this gap, proposing modeling approaches associated with different types of Level I interactions. It describes a simulation-based method for generating multi-hazard event sets (i.e., a sequence of hazard events and associated features throughout the system’s life cycle) based on the theory of competing Poisson processes. The proposed approach incorporates the different types of interactions in a sequential Monte Carlo sampling method. The method outputs multi-hazard event sets that can be integrated into LCCon frameworks to quantify interacting hazard consequences. An application incorporating several hazard interactions is presented to illustrate the potential of the proposed method.
Multivariate state and parameter estimation with data assimilation applied to sea-ice models using a Maxwell elasto-brittle rheology
Authors: Chen Yumeng , Smith Polly , Carrassi Alberto , Pasmans Ivo , Bertino Laurent , Bocquet Marc , Finn Tobias Sebastian , Rampal Pierre , Dansereau Véronique
Published: May 2024

Abstract. In this study, we investigate the fully multivariate state and parameter estimation through idealised simulations of a dynamics-only model that uses the novel Maxwell elasto-brittle (MEB) sea-ice rheology and in which we estimate not only the sea-ice concentration, thickness and velocity, but also its level of damage, internal stress and cohesion. Specifically, we estimate the air drag coefficient and the so-called damage parameter of the MEB model. Mimicking the realistic observation network with different combinations of observations, we demonstrate that various issues can potentially arise in a complex sea-ice model, especially in instances for which the external forcing dominates the model forecast error growth. Even though further investigation will be needed using an operational (a coupled dynamics–thermodynamics) sea-ice model, we show that, with the current observation network, it is possible to improve both the observed and the unobserved model state forecast and parameter accuracy.
The Impact of Strategic Factor on Improving Performance Effectiveness for Construction Projects - A case Study
Authors: Abushaala Mahmud , Amer Adel
Published: May 2024

Mission, vision and strategy play an important role recognized today by most organizations. These tools are very beneficial in steering an organization in straight direction. Strategic factors (SF) rely on the interaction between internal and external factors and on determining the future mission and vision of the organization in the light of determined objectives, and regulatory strategies and policies.
This study is an analytical study of Libyan Investment & Development Company (LIDCO) to determine the impact of the strategic factors on improvement of evaluation effectiveness of LIDCO performance using SWOT in conjunction with following criteria: (Total Quality Management Criteria, Quality Performance Criteria and Competitive Position Criteria). The researchers used the descriptive analytical method to analyse the content using the statistical method and the strategic analysis tool (SWOT) to understand the role and tasks that the company performs and the difficulties and obstacles facing its work by evaluating its performance to develop a strategic vision for the development of its performance. Results show delays by LIDCO in implementing projects as evaluation of the strategic factors were disregarded, leading to disregarding the application of competitive position criteria to project construction, lack of continuous improvement and of benchmarking. This paper contributes to how the factors affecting strategic planning are used and classified into different categories according to the point of view researchers in the field of strategic planning. And too knowledge of the factors influencing strategic planning, and it is very useful for engineers because of the various uses of the factors influencing strategic planning.
Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Presensi Karyawan Berbasis Web Menggunakan Barcode Scanner
Authors: Pulakiang Anthoni , Fino C. Colling  , Lanny Sitanayah
Published: May 2024

Set Jek North Sulawesi is an office that collaborates with the South Minahasa Cooperatives and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Service. Collecting employee attendance data at the Set Jek North Sulawesi Office still uses manual recording, where employees have to report to the staff on duty to collect incoming and outgoing attendance data. Recap of attendance reports is also carried out using manual recording and calculating the total number of employees who come in, go home, have permission, are sick, leave or are absent. Taking attendance and recapping attendance reports manually has shortcomings that can result in loss or damage to existing data. Another drawback is the lack of efficiency in processing employee attendance data. To overcome the problems that exist in the attendance taking section at the Set Jek North Sulawesi Office, we built a Web-Based Employee Attendance Application Using a Barcode Scanner. By using this application, the possibility of fraud can be avoided, because each employee must take their own attendance with a barcode scanner. This attendance application can also create employee attendance report recaps, so that manual calculations and recaps are no longer needed. The application will be designed using Data Flow Diagram and Entity Relationship Diagram. Then the application will be implemented using the PHP, HTML and JavaScript programming languages, and using MySQL as the database. The expected result is that this application can be an efficient solution for taking employee attendance at the Set Jek North Sulawesi Office.
Percepção da pessoa com doença renal crônica sobre os cuidados de Enfermagem no tratamento hemodialítico
Authors: Porto Dayana Bastos , De Oliveira Bruno Gonçalves , Bomfim Eliane dos Santos , Rosa Randson Souza , Damasceno Rudson Oliveira , Santos Isleide Santana Cardoso , Souza Andréa dos Santos
Published: May 2024

Objetivo: conhecer a percepção da pessoa com Doença Renal Crônica sobre os cuidados de Enfermagem recebidos durante o tratamento hemodialítico. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, fundamentada nas reflexões de Collière e Waldow sobre o cuidado humano e de Enfermagem. Participaram dez pacientes em tratamento de hemodiálise. Resultados: demonstram que foram evocados atributos inerentes ao cuidado humano, tais como: preocupação, presença, solicitude, acolhimento, preocupação, proteção, confiança e segurança. Conclusão: evidenciou-se que os pacientes almejam que os cuidados sejam desenvolvidos em sua plenitude.
Performance Evaluation of Water Delivery System for Command Area of Amarpura Minor of Som-Kagdar Irrigation Project, Rajasthan
Authors: Sangram Singh  , Mahesh Kothari  , R. C. Purohit
Published: May 2024

This study examines water delivery performance of the Amarpura minor, which is located on left main canal of Somkagdar irrigation project. Outlets wise performance was evaluated, using the adequacy, equity, dependability and relative water supply indicators. These indicators were calculated for the fifteen outlets for the 5-month irrigation period of Rabi season (2004-05), using measured water deliveries and calculated crop water requirements. Digital current meter was used to measure the outlet discharge during the season. Crop water requirements were calculated using CROPWAT. The outlet wise water delivery performance indicators have shown poor performance of the system. Considering the irrigation season and the system as a whole, the calculated indicator's average values were found as "poor" for adequacy, equity and dependability. These results have also shown that there is a systemic water delivery problem. The analysis of results of the spatial and temporal dimensions of these indicators has show that factors causing this problem are derived partly due to physical state of system and partly due to improper operation and management.