bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A time-aware hyperlink-induced topic search-based reputation evaluation method for optimal manufacturing service recommendation in distributed peer-to-peer networks
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Xu Song , Zhang Wenyu , Yu Dejian
Published: September 2016

With the explosive growth of manufacturing services on a global scale, it has become an enormous challenge to recommend optimal manufacturing service in distributed manufacturing environments. Reputation evaluation is a key step to make optimal manufacturing service recommendation. However, the reputation values calculated through conventional reputation evaluation methods are static and local, and have a severe impact on the effectiveness of manufacturing service recommendation. This article presents a novel and effective reputation evaluation method for optimal manufacturing service recommendation in distributed peer-to-peer networks. The main contribution of the proposed approach is that it makes it possible to calculate the global and dynamic reputation values of enterprises by employing a time-aware hyperlink-induced topic search algorithm. This algorithm not only disseminates the reputation value of transaction enterprises, but also takes account of the temporal dimension in the process of computing reputation values. A concrete example demonstrates the feasibility of calculating reputation values of the proposed method, and an evaluation experiment reveals that both of recall rate and precision rate are improved, employing our proposed method for recommending manufacturing service.
A review of velocity-type PSO variants
Authors: Sousa-Ferreira Ivo , Sousa Duarte
Published: September 2016

This paper presents a review of the particular variants of particle swarm optimization, based on the velocity-type class. The original particle swarm optimization algorithm was developed as an unconstrained optimization technique, which lacks a model that is able to handle constrained optimization problems. The particle swarm optimization and its inapplicability in constrained optimization problems are solved using the dynamic-objective constraint-handling method. The dynamic-objective constraint-handling method is originally developed for two variants of the basic particle swarm optimization, namely restricted velocity particle swarm optimization and self-adaptive velocity particle swarm optimization. Also on the subject velocity-type class, a review of three other variants is given, specifically: (1) vertical particle swarm optimization; (2) velocity limited particle swarm optimization; and (3) particle swarm optimization with scape velocity. These velocity-type particle swarm optimization variants all have in common a velocity parameter which determines the direction/movements of the particles.
Intelligent discrete particle swarm optimization for multiprocessor task scheduling problem
Authors: Sarathambekai S , Umamaheswari K
Published: September 2016

Discrete particle swarm optimization is one of the most recently developed population-based meta-heuristic optimization algorithm in swarm intelligence that can be used in any discrete optimization problems. This article presents a discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm to efficiently schedule the tasks in the heterogeneous multiprocessor systems. All the optimization algorithms share a common algorithmic step, namely population initialization. It plays a significant role because it can affect the convergence speed and also the quality of the final solution. The random initialization is the most commonly used method in majority of the evolutionary algorithms to generate solutions in the initial population. The initial good quality solutions can facilitate the algorithm to locate the optimal solution or else it may prevent the algorithm from finding the optimal solution. Intelligence should be incorporated to generate the initial population in order to avoid the premature convergence. This article presents a discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm, which incorporates opposition-based technique to generate initial population and greedy algorithm to balance the load of the processors. Make span, flow time, and reliability cost are three different measures used to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm for scheduling independent tasks in distributed systems. Computational simulations are done based on a set of benchmark instances to assess the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Distributed event-triggered scheme for discrete-time second-order multi-agent systems
Authors: Quansheng Liu , Min Xu , Li Peng
Published: September 2016

In order to achieve the consistency of multi-agent systems, each agent needs to communicate with its adjacent agents, which will consume energy of sensors embedded on the agents and occupy network bandwidth of multi-agent systems. Both resources are limited. To solve the above problem, a novel distributed event-triggered scheme of discrete-time second-order multi-agent systems are proposed in this article. The characteristics of the scheme have two aspects. Firstly, the event-triggered conditions are considered for the state and the velocity separately. Secondly, when the event is triggered on an agent, the agent only communicates with its local neighbors. Then, the agent and its local neighbors update their controls while the other agents' controllers remain unchanged. So the scheme can maximize reduction of the sensor energy consuming and communication burden in the multi-agent network. Based on the Lyapunov functional method, a sufficient condition is obtained to achieve the stability of the second-order multi-agent systems in terms of linear matrix inequality. Finally, numerical examples are presented to validate the proposed event-triggered consensus control.
Factors associated with experience of fatigue, and functional limitations due to fatigue in patients with stable COPD
Authors: Kentson Magnus , Tödt Kristina , Skargren Elisabeth , Jakobsson Per , Ernerudh Jan , Unosson Mitra , Theander Kersti
Published: September 2016

Background:

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of selected physiological, psychological and situational factors on experience of fatigue, and functional limitations due to fatigue in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods:

In total 101 patients with COPD and 34 control patients were assessed for experience of fatigue, functional limitation due to fatigue (Fatigue Impact Scale), physiological [lung function, 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), body mass index (BMI), dyspnoea, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), surfactant protein D], psychological (anxiety, depression, insomnia), situational variables (age, sex, smoking, living alone, education), and quality of life.

Results:

Fatigue was more common in patients with COPD than in control patients (72% versus 56%, p < 0.001). Patients with COPD and fatigue had lower lung function, shorter 6MWD, more dyspnoea, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and worse health status compared with patients without fatigue (all p < 0.01). No differences were found for markers of systemic inflammation. In logistic regression, experience of fatigue was associated with depression [odds ratio (OR) 1.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28–2.25) and insomnia (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.19–2.54). In linear regression models, depression, surfactant protein D and dyspnoea explained 35% ( R2) of the variation in physical impact of fatigue. Current smoking and depression explained 33% ( R2) of the cognitive impact of fatigue. Depression and surfactant protein D explained 48% ( R2) of the psychosocial impact of fatigue.

Conclusions:

Experiences of fatigue and functional limitation due to fatigue seem to be related mainly to psychological but also to physiological influencing factors, with depressive symptoms, insomnia problems and dyspnoea as the most prominent factors. Systemic inflammation was not associated with perception of fatigue but surfactant protein D was connected to some dimensions of the impact of fatigue
Targeting B cells in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: from pathophysiology to optimal clinical management
Authors: Bittner Stefan , Ruck Tobias , Wiendl Heinz , Grauer Oliver M. , Meuth Sven G.
Published: September 2016

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease that is caused by an autoimmune response against central nervous system (CNS) structures. Traditionally considered a T-cell-mediated disorder, the contribution of B cells to the pathogenesis of MS has long been debated. Based on recent promising clinical results from CD20-depleting strategies by three therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in clinical phase II and III trials (rituximab, ocrelizumab and ofatumumab), targeting B cells in MS is currently attracting growing interest among basic researchers and clinicians. Many questions about the role of B and plasma cells in MS remain still unanswered, ranging from the role of specific B-cell subsets and functions to the optimal treatment regimen of B-cell depletion and monitoring thereafter. Here, we will assess our current knowledge of the mechanisms implicating B cells in multiple steps of disease pathology and examine current and future therapeutic approaches for the treatment of MS.
Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography Enables Quantitative Evaluation of Tissue Properties at Intrajoint Regions in Cadaveric Knee Cartilage
Authors: Stewart Rachel C. , Honkanen Juuso T.J. , Kokkonen Harri T. , Tiitu Virpi , Saarakkala Simo , Joukainen Antti , Snyder Brian D. , Jurvelin Jukka S. , Grinstaff Mark W. , Töyräs Juha
Published: September 2016

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the concentration of the anionic contrast agent ioxaglate, as quantitated by contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) using a clinical cone-beam CT (CBCT) instrument, reflects biochemical, histological, and biomechanical characteristics of articular cartilage imaged in an ex vivo, intact human knee joint.

Design

An osteoarthritic human cadaveric knee joint (91 years old) was injected with ioxaglate (36 mg I/mL) and imaged using CBCT over 61 hours of ioxaglate diffusion into cartilage. Following imaging, the joint surfaces were excised, rinsed to remove contrast agent, and compressive stiffness (equilibrium and instantaneous compressive moduli) was measured via indentation testing ( n = 17 sites). Each site was sectioned for histology and assessed for glycosaminoglycan content using digital densitometry of Safranin-O stained sections, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for collagen content, and morphology using both the Mankin and OARSI semiquantitative scoring systems. Water content was determined using mass change after lyophilization.

Results

CECT attenuation at all imaging time points, including those <1 hour of ioxaglate exposure, correlated significantly ( P < 0.05) with cartilage water and glycosaminoglycan contents, Mankin score, and both equilibrium and instantaneous compressive moduli. Early time points (<30 minutes) also correlated ( P < 0.05) with collagen content and OARSI score. Differences in cartilage quality between intrajoint regions were distinguishable at diffusion equilibrium and after brief ioxaglate exposure.

Conclusions

CECT with ioxaglate affords biochemical and biomechanical measurements of cartilage health and performance even after short, clinically relevant exposure times, and may be useful in the clinic as a means for detecting early signs of cartilage pathology.
Three-Dimensional Bioprinting and Its Potential in the Field of Articular Cartilage Regeneration
Authors: Mouser Vivian H. M. , Levato Riccardo , Bonassar Lawrence J. , D’Lima Darryl D. , Grande Daniel A. , Klein Travis J. , Saris Daniel B. F. , Zenobi-Wong Marcy , Gawlitta Debby , Malda Jos
Published: September 2016

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting techniques can be used for the fabrication of personalized, regenerative constructs for tissue repair. The current article provides insight into the potential and opportunities of 3D bioprinting for the fabrication of cartilage regenerative constructs. Although 3D printing is already used in the orthopedic clinic, the shift toward 3D bioprinting has not yet occurred. We believe that this shift will provide an important step forward in the field of cartilage regeneration. Three-dimensional bioprinting techniques allow incorporation of cells and biological cues during the manufacturing process, to generate biologically active implants. The outer shape of the construct can be personalized based on clinical images of the patient’s defect. Additionally, by printing with multiple bio-inks, osteochondral or zonally organized constructs can be generated. Relevant mechanical properties can be obtained by hybrid printing with thermoplastic polymers and hydrogels, as well as by the incorporation of electrospun meshes in hydrogels. Finally, bioprinting techniques contribute to the automation of the implant production process, reducing the infection risk. To prompt the shift from nonliving implants toward living 3D bioprinted cartilage constructs in the clinic, some challenges need to be addressed. The bio-inks and required cartilage construct architecture need to be further optimized. The bio-ink and printing process need to meet the sterility requirements for implantation. Finally, standards are essential to ensure a reproducible quality of the 3D printed constructs. Once these challenges are addressed, 3D bioprinted living articular cartilage implants may find their way into daily clinical practice.
Trust in healthcare settings: Scale development, methods, and preliminary determinants
Authors: LoCurto Jamie , Berg Gina M
Published: September 2016

The literature contains research regarding how trust is formed in healthcare settings but rarely discusses trust formation in an emergent care population. A literature review was conducted to determine which of the trust determinants are important for this process as well as how to develop a scale to measure trust. A search generated a total of 155 articles, 65 of which met eligibility criteria. Determinants that were important included the following: honesty, confidentiality, dependability, communication, competency, fiduciary responsibility, fidelity, and agency. The process of developing a scale includes the following: a literature review, qualitative analysis, piloting, and survey validation. Results suggest that physician behaviors are important in influencing trust in patients and should be included in scales measuring trust. Next steps consist of interviewing emergent care patients to commence the process of developing a scale.
A qualitative study of dietary discussions as an emerging task for cancer clinicians
Authors: Smith Katherine C , Coa Kisha I , Klassen Ann C
Published: September 2016

Objectives:

Improvements in cancer detection and treatment create a need for care that prioritizes acute treatment and ongoing needs. There have been calls to include health promotion in cancer care, but little empirical consideration of the work involved in such an expansion of services. In this article, we adopt a constructionist position to explore clinicians’ perspectives on capacity for health promotion, specifically dietary counseling.

Methods:

Our data result from 33 semi-structured qualitative interviews with members of cancer care teams. All interviewees were affiliated with one of two contrasting medical systems located in Baltimore, MD, USA. Interviews focused on professional roles and responsibilities around health promotion for cancer survivors. We employed both purposive and snowball sampling. We conducted a thematic analysis informed by the sociology of professions literature of discussions of dietary change by provider type.

Results:

We discuss four emergent themes that relate to the work of providing dietary counseling: (1) prioritization of behavior change in survivorship care, (2) evidence base for dietary messaging, (3) available time and clinical priorities and (4) clinical expertise. Interviewees generally expressed support for the importance of diet for healthy cancer survivorship. However, while there was broad support for dietary change and health promotion, we found little evidence of an emerging consensus on how this work should be accomplished, nor an indication of any occupational group expanding their professional remit to prioritize health promotion tasks.

Conclusions:

Health promotion is the key to any efficient and effective model of cancer care. Careful attention to the impact of the task on key patient outcomes as well as system capacity for the provision of dietary counseling and its fit with a specific professional remit will be critical for successful integration of health promotion into routine cancer care.
Challenges of implementation and implementation research: Learning from an intervention study designed to improve tumor registry reporting
Authors: McAlearney Ann Scheck , Walker Daniel M , Livaudais-Toman Jennifer , Parides Michael , Bickell Nina A
Published: September 2016

Objectives:

Implementation of interventions designed to improve the quality of medical care often proceeds differently from what is planned. Improving existing conceptual models to better understand the sources of these differences can help future projects avoid these pitfalls and achieve desired effectiveness. To inform an adaptation of an existing theoretical model, we examined unanticipated changes that occurred in an intervention designed to improve reporting of adjuvant therapies for breast cancer patients at a large, urban academic medical center.

Methods:

Guided by the complex innovation implementation conceptual framework, our study team observed and evaluated the implementation of an intervention designed to improve reporting to a tumor registry. Findings were assessed against the conceptual framework to identify boundary conditions and modifications that could improve implementation effectiveness.

Results:

The intervention successfully increased identification of the managing medical oncologist and treatment reporting. During implementation, however, unexpected external challenges including hospital acquisitions of community practices and practices’ responses to government incentives to purchase electronic medical record systems led to unanticipated changes and associated threats to implementation. We present a revised conceptual model that incorporates the sources of these unanticipated challenges.

Conclusion:

This report of our experience highlights the importance of monitoring implementation over time and accounting for changes that affect both implementation and measurement of intervention impact. In this article, we use our study to examine the challenges of implementation research in health care, and our experience can help future implementation efforts.
The resource utilisation of medically unexplained physical symptoms
Authors: Lee Kimberley , Johnson Malcolm H , Harris Julie , Sundram Frederick
Published: September 2016

Objectives:

As patients with medically unexplained physical symptoms may present frequently to hospital settings and receive potentially unnecessary investigations and treatments, we aimed to assess the frequency and type of medically unexplained physical symptoms presentations to clinical services and estimate the associated direct healthcare costs.

Methods:

This study was undertaken at the largest district health board in New Zealand. All patients with a diagnosed presentation of medically unexplained physical symptoms in 2013 were identified using the district health board’s clinical coding system. The clinical records (medical and psychiatric) of 49 patients were examined in detail to extricate all medically unexplained physical symptoms–related secondary care activity within 6 months before or after their medically unexplained physical symptoms presentation. Standardised national costing methodology was used to calculate the associated healthcare costs.

Results:

In all, 49% of patients attended hospital settings at least twice during 2013. The majority of presentations were for neurological or respiratory concerns. The total cost for the sample was GBP89,636 (median: GBP1,221). Costs were most significant in the areas of inpatient admissions and emergency care.

Conclusion:

Medically unexplained physical symptoms result in frequent presentations to hospital settings. The costs incurred are substantial and comparable to the costs of chronic medical conditions with identifiable pathology. Improving recognition and management of medically unexplained physical symptoms has potential to offer more appropriate and cost-effective healthcare outcomes.
Quantitative analysis of benzodiazepines in vitreous humor by high-performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Bazmi Elham , Behnoush Behnam , Akhgari Maryam , Bahmanabadi Leila
Published: September 2016

Objective:

Benzodiazepines are frequently screened drugs in emergency toxicology, drugs of abuse testing, and in forensic cases. As the variations of benzodiazepines concentrations in biological samples during bleeding, postmortem changes, and redistribution could be biasing forensic medicine examinations, hence selecting a suitable sample and a validated accurate method is essential for the quantitative analysis of these main drug categories. The aim of this study was to develop a valid method for the determination of four benzodiazepines (flurazepam, lorazepam, alprazolam, and diazepam) in vitreous humor using liquid–liquid extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography.

Methods:

Sample preparation was carried out using liquid–liquid extraction with n-hexane: ethyl acetate and subsequent detection by high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled to diode array detector. This method was applied to quantify benzodiazepines in 21 authentic vitreous humor samples. Linear curve for each drug was obtained within the range of 30–3000 ng/mL with coefficient of correlation higher than 0.99.

Results:

The limit of detection and quantitation were 30 and 100 ng/mL respectively for four drugs. The method showed an appropriate intra- and inter-day precision (coefficient of variation < 10%). Benzodiazepines recoveries were estimated to be over 80%. The method showed high selectivity; no additional peak due to interfering substances in samples was observed.

Conclusion:

The present method was selective, sensitive, accurate, and precise for the quantitative analysis of benzodiazepines in vitreous humor samples in forensic toxicology laboratory.
Reliability and validity of daily physical activity measures during inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation
Authors: Zbogar Dominik , Eng Janice J , Miller William C , Krassioukov Andrei V , Verrier Mary C
Published: September 2016

Objectives:

To assess the test–retest reliability and convergent validity of daily physical activity measures during inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation.

Design:

Observational study.

Setting:

Two inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation centres.

Subjects:

Participants ( n = 106) were recruited from consecutive admissions to rehabilitation.

Methods:

Physical activity during inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation stay was recorded on two days via (1) wrist accelerometer, (2) hip accelerometer if ambulatory, and (3) self-report (Physical Activity Recall Assessment for People with Spinal Cord Injury questionnaire). Spearman’s correlations and Bland–Altman plots were utilized for test–retest reliability. Correlations between physical activity measures and clinical measures (functional independence, hand function, and ambulation) were performed.

Results:

Correlations for physical activity measures between Day 1 and Day 2 were moderate to high (ρ = 0.53–0.89). Bland–Altman plots showed minimal bias and more within-subject differences in more active individuals and wide limits of agreement. None of these three physical activity measures correlated with one another. A moderate correlation was found between wrist accelerometry counts and grip strength (ρ = 0.58) and between step counts and measures of ambulation (ρ = 0.62). Functional independence was related to wrist accelerometry (ρ = 0.70) and step counts (ρ = 0.56), but not with self-report.

Conclusion:

The test–retest reliability and convergent validity of the instrumented measures suggest that wrist and hip accelerometers are appropriate tools for use in research studies of daily physical activity in the spinal cord injury rehabilitation setting but are too variable for individual use.
Can we trust Big Data? Applying philosophy of science to software
Authors: Symons John , Alvarado Ramón
Published: September 2016

We address some of the epistemological challenges highlighted by the Critical Data Studies literature by reference to some of the key debates in the philosophy of science concerning computational modeling and simulation. We provide a brief overview of these debates focusing particularly on what Paul Humphreys calls epistemic opacity. We argue that debates in Critical Data Studies and philosophy of science have neglected the problem of error management and error detection. This is an especially important feature of the epistemology of Big Data. In “Error” section we explain the main characteristics of error detection and correction along with the relationship between error and path complexity in software. In this section we provide an overview of conventional statistical methods for error detection and review their limitations when faced with the high degree of conditionality inherent to modern software systems.
Contrasting medium and genre on Wikipedia to open up the dominating definition and classification of geoengineering
Authors: Markusson Nils , Venturini Tommaso , Laniado David , Kaltenbrunner Andreas
Published: September 2016

Geoengineering is typically defined as a techno-scientific response to climate change that differs from mitigation and adaptation, and that includes diverse individual technologies, which can be classified as either solar radiation management or carbon dioxide removal. We analyse the representation of geoengineering on Wikipedia as a way of opening up this dominating, if contested, model for further debate. We achieve this by contrasting the dominating model as presented in the encyclopaedic article texts with the patterns of hyper-link associations between the articles. Two datasets were created tracing the geoengineering construct on Wikipedia, shedding light on its boundary with its context, as well as on its internal structure. The analysis shows that the geoengineering category tends to be associated on Wikipedia primarily with atmospheric solar radiation management rather than land-based carbon dioxide removal type technologies. The results support the notion that the dominant model of defining and classifying geoengineering technology has been beneficial for solar radiation management type technologies more than for land-based carbon dioxide removal ones. The article also demonstrates that controversy mapping with Wikipedia data affords analysis that can open up dominating definitions and classifications of technologies, and offer resistance to their frequent naturalising and decontextualising tendencies. This work is in line with recent work on digital sociology, but the article contributes a new methodology and reports on the first empirical application of controversy mapping using Wikipedia data to a technology.
Internet use and health: Connecting secondary data through spatial microsimulation
Authors: Deetjen Ulrike , Powell John A
Published: September 2016

Objective

Internet use may affect health and health service use, and is seen as a potential lever for empowering patients, levelling inequalities and managing costs in the health system. However, supporting evidence is scant, partially due to a lack of data to investigate the relationship on a larger scale. This paper presents an approach for connecting existing datasets to generate new insights.

Methods

Spatial microsimulation offers a way to combine a random sample survey on Internet use with aggregate census data and other routine data from the health system based on small geographic areas to examine the relationship between Internet use, perceived health and health service use. While health research has primarily used spatial microsimulation to estimate the geographic distribution of a certain phenomenon, this research highlights this simulation technique as a way to link datasets for joint analysis, with location as the connecting element.

Results

Internet use is associated with higher perceived health and lower health service use independently of whether Internet use was conceptualised in terms of access, support or usage, and controlling for sociodemographic covariates. Internal validation confirms that differences between actual and simulated data are small; external validation shows that the simulated dataset is a good reﬂection of the real world.

Conclusion

Spatial microsimulation helps to generate new insights through linking secondary data in a privacy-preserving and cost-effective way. This allows for better understanding the relationship between Internet use and health, enabling theoretical insights and practical implications for policy with insights down to the local level.
Risk attitudes and risk perceptions in individuals with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Glanz Bonnie I , Greeke Emily , LaRussa Allison , Stuart Fiona , Rintell David J , Chitnis Tanuja , Healy Brian C
Published: September 2016

Background

Little is known about risk attitudes and risk perceptions in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objectives

The objectives of this paper are to investigate the range of risk attitudes and risk perceptions and examine associations between risk attitudes and risk perceptions and demographic and clinical features of the disease.

Methods

A total of 223 individuals completed a risk questionnaire. Risk attitude was measured using two rating scales and a standard gamble scenario. Risk perception was measured by asking participants to estimate the likelihood of disease progression and the likelihood of minor and serious side effects associated with common MS therapies.

Results

Participants were risk neutral overall and risk averse on issues related to health and safety. There was a significant association between disease duration and risk attitude, with patients with longer disease duration showing greater tolerance for risk. On the standard gamble scenario, males were significantly more likely to take treatments with a likelihood of death of 1:10,000 or 1:100,000 than females. Individuals with higher disability or a progressive disease course were significantly more likely to expect progression at two, five and 10 years.

Conclusion

Individuals with MS demonstrate low tolerance for risk. Risk attitudes and perceptions are influenced by some demographic and clinical features of the disease.
New Complication Associated With All-Inside Meniscal Repair Device
Authors: Warth Lucian C. , Bollier Matthew J. , Hoffman Douglas F. , Cummins Justin S. , Hall Mederic M.
Published: September 2016

Background:

The importance of meniscal preservation has become widely accepted, and meniscal repair techniques have evolved over recent years. With new techniques come new complications, which are critical to recognize.

Purpose:

To describe a new complication of foreign body reaction from a nonabsorbable suture anchor associated with improper placement of the all-inside meniscal device.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

This study was a retrospective review of 3 patients who developed pain associated with a foreign body reaction from a misplaced all-inside meniscal device.

Results:

All patients had a delayed diagnosis (6 months to 8 years) and negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Diagnostic ultrasound identified the misplaced suture with foreign body reaction and was used to guide a diagnostic injection of local anesthetic prior to surgical intervention. Intraoperative ultrasound guidance was utilized to precisely localize and excise the suture material and associated reactive tissue.

Conclusion:

Foreign body reaction from a misplaced all-inside meniscal device is a previously unreported complication. Diagnosis is challenging as MRI and arthroscopy can be unrevealing. Diagnostic ultrasound was able to identify the foreign body reaction, confirm the diagnosis by facilitating diagnostic local anesthetic injection, and guide surgical excision. Sonographic evaluation should be considered in patients presenting with ongoing knee pain after all-inside meniscus repair.
De Novo 3q22.3q24 Microdeletion in a Patient With Blepharophimosis–Ptosis–Epicanthus Inversus Syndrome, Dandy-Walker Malformation, and Wisconsin Syndrome
Authors: Ramineni Anand , Coman David
Published: September 2016

Interstitial deletions affecting the long arm of chromosome 3 have been associated with a broad phenotype. This has included the features of blepharophimosis–ptosis–epicanthus inversus syndrome, Dandy-Walker malformation, and the rare Wisconsin syndrome. The authors report a young female patient presenting with features consistent with all 3 of these syndromes. This has occurred in the context of a de novo 3q22.3q24 microdeletion including FOXL2, ZIC1, and ZIC4. This patient provides further evidence for the role of ZIC1 and ZIC4 in Dandy-Walker malformation and is the third reported case of Dandy-Walker malformation to have associated corpus callosum thinning. This patient is also only the seventh to be reported with the rare Wisconsin syndrome phenotype.
Maternal extracellular vesicles and platelets promote preeclampsia via inflammasome activation in trophoblasts
Authors: Kohli Shrey , Ranjan Satish , Hoffmann Juliane , Kashif Muhammed , Daniel Evelyn A. , Al-Dabet Moh'd Mohanad , Bock Fabian , Nazir Sumra , Huebner Hanna , Mertens Peter R. , Fischer Klaus-Dieter , Zenclussen Ana C. , Offermanns Stefan , Aharon Anat , Brenner Benjamin , Shahzad Khurrum , Ruebner Matthias , Isermann Berend
Published: September 2016

Key Points

EVs cause accumulation of activated maternal platelets within the placenta, resulting in a thromboinflammatory response and PE. Activated maternal platelets cause NLRP3-inflammasome activation in trophoblast cells via ATP release and purinergic signaling.
Synergistic inhibition of the APC/C by the removal of APC15 in HCT116 cells lacking UBE2C
Authors: Garvanska Dimitriya H. , Larsen Marie Sofie Yoo , Nilsson Jakob
Published: September 2016

The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) inhibits the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) in response to unattached kinetochores by generating a diffusible inhibitor termed the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC). At metaphase, rapid activation of the APC/C requires removal of the MCC, a process that has been shown to depend on the APC/C E2 enzymes, UBE2C and UBE2S. Here we investigate the in vivo role of the APC/C E2 enzymes in SAC silencing using CRISPR/Cas9 genetically engineered HCT116 UBE2C or UBE2S null cell lines. Using live cell assays, we show that UBE2C and UBE2S make a minor contribution to SAC silencing in HCT116 cells. Strikingly, in cells specifically lacking UBE2C, we observe a strong synergistic inhibition of mitotic progression when we stabilize the MCC on the APC/C by depleting APC15, potentially reflecting increased competition between the MCC and the remaining initiating E2 enzyme UBE2D. In conclusion, we provide in vivo insight into the APC/C E2 module and its interplay with SAC silencing components.
The roles of Syx5 in Golgi morphology and Rhodopsin transport inDrosophilaphotoreceptors
Authors: Satoh Takunori , Nakamura Yuri , Satoh Akiko K.
Published: September 2016

SNAREs (SNAP receptors) are the key components of protein complexes that drive membrane fusion. Here, we report the function of a SNARE, Syntaxin 5 (Syx5), in the development of photoreceptors in Drosophila. In wild-type photoreceptors, Syx5 localizes to cis-Golgi, along with cis-Golgi markers: Rab1 and GM130. We observed that Syx5-deficient photoreceptors show notable accumulation of these cis-Golgi markers accompanying drastic accumulation of vesicles between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi cisternae. Extensive analysis of Rh1 (rhodopsin 1) trafficking revealed that in Syx5-deficient photoreceptors, Rh1 is exported from the ER with normal kinetics, retained in the cis-Golgi region along with GM130 for a prolonged period, and then subsequently degraded presumably by endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD) after retrieval to the ER. Unlike our previous report of Rab6-deficient photoreceptors – where two apical transport pathways are specifically inhibited – vesicle transport pathways to all plasma membrane domains are inhibited in Syx5-deficient photoreceptors, implying that Rab6 and Syx5 are acting in different steps of intra-Golgi transport. These results indicate that Syx5 is crucial for membrane protein transport, presumably during ER-derived vesicle fusion to form cis-Golgi cisternae.
Characterization of prion protein function by focal neurite stimulation
Authors: Amin Ladan , Nguyen Xuan T. A. , Rolle Irene Giulia , D'Este Elisa , Giachin Gabriele , Tran Thanh Hoa , Šerbec Vladka Čurin , Cojoc Dan , Legname Giuseppe
Published: September 2016

The cellular prion protein (PrPC), encoded by the PRNP gene, is a ubiquitous glycoprotein, which is highly expressed in the brain. This protein, mainly known for its role in neurodegenerative diseases, is involved in several physiological processes including neurite outgrowth. By using a novel focal stimulation technique, we explored the potential function of PrPC, in its soluble form, as a signaling molecule. Thus, soluble recombinant prion proteins (recPrP) encapsulated in micro-vesicles were released by photolysis near the hippocampal growth cones. Local stimulation of wild-type growth cones with full-length recPrP induced neurite outgrowth and rapid growth cone turning towards the source. This effect was shown to be concentration dependent. Notably, PrPC-knockout growth cones were insensitive to recPrP stimulation, but this property was rescued in PrP-knockout growth cones expressing GFP–PrP. Taken together, our findings indicate that recPrP functions as a signaling molecule, and that its homophilic interaction with membrane-anchored PrPC might promote neurite outgrowth and facilitate growth cone guidance.
Direct interaction between exocyst and Wave complexes promotes cell protrusions and motility
Authors: Biondini Marco , Sadou-Dubourgnoux Amel , Paul-Gilloteaux Perrine , Zago Giulia , Arslanhan Melis D. , Waharte François , Formstecher Etienne , Hertzog Maud , Yu Jinchao , Guerois Raphael , Gautreau Alexis , Scita Giorgio , Camonis Jacques , Parrini Maria Carla
Published: September 2016

Coordination between membrane trafficking and actin polymerization is fundamental in cell migration, but a dynamic view of the underlying molecular mechanisms is still missing. The Rac1 GTPase controls actin polymerization at protrusions by interacting with its effector, the Wave regulatory complex (WRC). The exocyst complex, which functions in polarized exocytosis, has been involved in the regulation of cell motility. Here, we show a physical and functional connection between exocyst and WRC. Purified components of exocyst and WRC directly associate in vitro, and interactions interfaces are identified. The exocyst–WRC interaction is confirmed in cells by co-immunoprecipitation and is shown to occur independently of the Arp2/3 complex. Disruption of the exocyst–WRC interaction leads to impaired migration. By using time-lapse microscopy coupled to image correlation analysis, we visualized the trafficking of the WRC towards the front of the cell in nascent protrusions. The exocyst is necessary for WRC recruitment at the leading edge and for resulting cell edge movements. This direct link between the exocyst and WRC provides a new mechanistic insight into the spatio-temporal regulation of cell migration.
Mature lipid droplets are accessible to ER luminal proteins
Authors: Mishra Shirish , Khaddaj Rasha , Cottier Stéphanie , Stradalova Vendula , Jacob Claire , Schneiter Roger
Published: September 2016

Lipid droplets are found in most organisms where they serve to store energy in the form of neutral lipids. They are formed at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane where the neutral-lipid-synthesizing enzymes are located. Recent results indicate that lipid droplets remain functionally connected to the ER membrane in yeast and mammalian cells to allow the exchange of both lipids and integral membrane proteins between the two compartments. The precise nature of the interface between the ER membrane and lipid droplets, however, is still ill-defined. Here, we probe the topology of lipid droplet biogenesis by artificially targeting proteins that have high affinity for lipid droplets to inside the luminal compartment of the ER. Unexpectedly, these proteins still localize to lipid droplets in both yeast and mammalian cells, indicating that lipid droplets are accessible from within the ER lumen. These data are consistent with a model in which lipid droplets form a specialized domain in the ER membrane that is accessible from both the cytosolic and the ER luminal side.
Mutant IP3 receptors attenuate store-operated Ca2+ entry by destabilizing STIM–Orai interactions in Drosophila neurons
Authors: Chakraborty Sumita , Deb Bipan K. , Chorna Tetyana , Konieczny Vera , Taylor Colin W. , Hasan Gaiti
Published: September 2016

Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) occurs when loss of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stimulates the Ca2+ sensor, STIM, to cluster and activate the plasma membrane Ca2+ channel Orai (encoded by Olf186-F in flies). Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs, which are encoded by a single gene in flies) are assumed to regulate SOCE solely by mediating ER Ca2+ release. We show that in Drosophila neurons, mutant IP3R attenuates SOCE evoked by depleting Ca2+ stores with thapsigargin. In normal neurons, store depletion caused STIM and the IP3R to accumulate near the plasma membrane, association of STIM with Orai, clustering of STIM and Orai at ER–plasma-membrane junctions and activation of SOCE. These responses were attenuated in neurons with mutant IP3Rs and were rescued by overexpression of STIM with Orai. We conclude that, after depletion of Ca2+ stores in Drosophila, translocation of the IP3R to ER–plasma-membrane junctions facilitates the coupling of STIM to Orai that leads to activation of SOCE.
Crouching to fit in: the energetic cost of locomotion in tunnels
Authors: Horner Angela M. , Hanna Jandy B. , Biknevicius Audrone R.
Published: September 2016

Animals that are specialized for a particular habitat or mode of locomotion often demonstrate locomotor efficiency in a focal environment when compared to a generalist species. However, measurements of these focal habitats or behaviors are often difficult or impossible to do in the field. In this study, the energetics and kinematics of simulated tunnel locomotion by two unrelated semi-fossorial mammals, the ferret and degu, were analyzed using open-flow respirometry and digital video. Animals were trained to move inside of normal (unconstrained, overground locomotion) and height-decreased (simulated tunnel, adjusted to tolerance limits for each species) Plexiglas chambers that were mounted flush onto a treadmill. Both absolute and relative tunnel performance differed between the species; ferrets tolerated a tunnel height that forced them to crouch at nearly 25% lower hip height than in an unconstrained condition, while degus would not perform on the treadmill past a ∼9% reduction in hip height. Both ferrets and degus exhibited significantly higher metabolic rates and cost of transport (CoT) values when moving in the tunnel condition relative to overgound locomotion. When comparing CoT values across small (<10kg) mammals, ferrets demonstrated a lower than predicted metabolic cost during both tunnel and terrestrial locomotion, whereas degus were very close to line of best fit. Although tunnel locomotion requires a more striking change in posture for ferrets, ferrets are more efficient locomotors in both conditions than mammals of similar mass.
Hydrodynamic properties of fin whale flippers predict maximum rolling performance
Authors: Segre P. S. , Cade D. E. , Fish F. E. , Potvin J. , Allen A. N. , Calambokidis J. , Friedlaender A. S. , Goldbogen J. A.
Published: September 2016

Maneuverability is one of the most important and least understood aspects of animal locomotion. The hydrofoil-like flippers of cetaceans are thought to function as control surfaces that effect maneuvers, but quantitative tests of this hypothesis have been lacking. Here we construct a simple hydrodynamic model to predict the longitudinal-axis roll performance of fin whales, and we test its predictions against kinematic data recorded by on-board movement sensors from 27 free-swimming fin whales. We found that for a given swimming speed and roll excursion, the roll velocity of fin whales calculated from our field data agrees well with that predicted by our hydrodynamic model. Although fluke and body torsion may further influence performance, our results indicate that lift generated by the flippers is sufficient to drive most of the longitudinal-axis rolls used by fin whales for feeding and maneuvering.
Actions of sex steroids on kisspeptin expression and other reproduction-related genes in the brain of the teleost fish european sea bass
Authors: Alvarado M. V. , Servili A. , Molés G. , Gueguen M. M. , Carrillo M. , Kah O. , Felip A.
Published: September 2016

Kisspeptins are well known as mediators of the coordinated communication between the brain-pituitary axis and the gonads in many vertebrates. To test the hypothesis that gonadal steroids regulate kiss1 and kiss2 mRNA expression in European sea bass (a teleost fish), we examined the brains of gonad-intact (Control) and castrated animals, as well as castrated males (GDX) and females (OVX) that received testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) replacement, respectively, during recrudescence. In GDX males, low expression of kiss1 mRNA is observed by in situ hybridization in the caudal hypothalamus (CH) and the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH), although hypothalamic changes in kiss1 mRNA levels were not statistically different among the groups as revealed by real-time PCR. However, T strongly decreased kiss2 expression levels in the hypothalamus, which was documented in the MBH and the nucleus of the lateral recess (NRLd) in GDX T-treated sea bass males. Conversely, it appears that E2 evokes low kiss1 mRNA in the CH, while there were cells expressing kiss2 in the MBH and NRLd in these ovariectomized females. These results demonstrate that kisspeptin neurons are presumably sensitive to the feedback actions of sex steroids in the sea bass, suggesting that the MBH represents a major site for sex steroid actions on kisspeptins in this species. Also, recent data provide evidence that both positive and negative actions occur in key factors involved in sea bass reproductive function including changes in the expression of gnrh-1/gonadotropin, cyp19b, er and ar genes and sex steroid and gonadotropin plasma levels in this teleost fish.