bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolving a Methodology for Assessing Pesticide Pressure on Water Bodies under Data Scarce Conditions: A Case Study on the Marmara Basin in Türkiye
Authors: Hanedar Asude , Girgin Emine , Karaaslan Yakup , Tanik Aysegul
Published: March 2024

In this study, current pesticide use was determined on the basis of active substances (ASs) in each water body in the Marmara Basin, which is the most crowded region of Türkiye and where agriculture is intensive. The risks of detected pesticide ASs were then categorized in terms of usage amount, water body monitoring results, and hazardous characteristics. At the same time, a system was proposed for determining pesticide use on an AS basis, based on the product planted in districts that do not have detailed information on AS use. Finally, a methodology for assessing pesticide pressure on water bodies was developed by utilizing pesticide risk based on the determined AS types under data scarcity conditions. The topic undertaken is current and extremely important in the era of food safety, and is related to growing pressure on water, on one hand, and human health and quality of food products, on the other. Data based on ASs are hard to record and store, particularly in developing countries; therefore, a data inventory was initially realized in the study as an essential step towards an assessment procedure. The easy-to-use pesticide pressure determination methodology was developed and applied to the Marmara Basin of Türkiye, ensuring compliance with the Water framework Directive (WFD) and EU Green Deal. Constraints experienced during the application of the developed methodology are put forth with the intention of providing utilizable information to those international scientists who will be interested in practicing it in the future. Therefore, transposition of the methodology to other basins in different countries will be possible. According to 2021 data, 0.04–8.83 kg/ha pesticide and 173 pesticide active substances were used in the basin. ASs were prioritized over four criteria based on the amount of use, hazardous properties, and monitoring results. Consequently, 52 active substances were determined and included in the risk group. Taking these criteria into consideration, all the 276 agricultural water bodies in the basin were revealed to be under pesticide pressure.
A Broadscale Assessment of Sentinel-2 Imagery and the Google Earth Engine for the Nationwide Mapping of Chlorophyll a
Authors: Johansen Richard A. , Reif Molly K. , Saltus Christina L. , Pokrzywinski Kaytee L.
Published: March 2024

Harmful algal blooms are a global phenomenon that degrade water quality and can result in adverse health impacts to both humans and wildlife. Monitoring algal blooms at scale is extremely difficult due to the lack of coincident data across space and time. Additionally, traditional field collection methods tend to be labor- and cost-prohibitive, resulting in disparate data collection not capable of capturing the physical and biological variations within waterbodies or regions. This research attempts to help alleviate this issue by leveraging large, public, water quality databases coupled with open-access Google Earth Engine-derived Sentinel-2 imagery to evaluate the practical usability of four common chlorophyll a algorithms as a proxy for detecting and mapping algal blooms nationwide. Chlorophyll a data were aggregated from spatially diverse sites across the continental United States between 2019 and 2022. Data were aggregated via a field method and matched to coincident Sentinel-2 imagery using k-folds cross-validation to evaluate the performance of the band ratio algorithms at the nationwide scale. Additionally, the dataset was portioned to evaluate the influence of temporal windows and annual consistency on algorithm performance. The 2BDA and the NDCI algorithms were the most viable for broadscale mapping of chlorophyll a, which performed moderately well (R2 > 0.5) across the entire continental united states, encompassing highly diverse spatial, temporal, and physical conditions. Algorithms’ performances were consistent across different field methods, temporal windows, and annually. The most compatible field data acquisition method was the chlorophyll a, water, trichromatic method, uncorrected with R2 values of 0.63, 0.62, and 0.41 and RMSE values of 15.89, 16.2, and 23.30 for 2BDA, NDCI, and MCI, respectively. These results indicate the feasibility of utilizing band ratio algorithms for broadscale detection and mapping of chlorophyll a as a proxy for HABs, which is especially valuable when coincident data are unavailable or limited.
The Restorative Effects of Urban Parks on Stress Control Ability and Community Attachment
Authors: Jang Eunmie , Choi Hyo Bhin , Kim Moohan
Published: March 2024

Urban parks support community well-being and foster social connections through their restorative effects. This study examined the benefits of visiting parks, particularly perceived stress reduction and community attachment. Moreover, we analyzed the restoration effects as perceived by park users to gauge potential improvements in stress management and community bonding. Our findings revealed that spending time in urban parks offers significant benefits, notably enhancing stress management abilities and attachment to the community. In particular, park users’ perception of restorative effects was associated with increased levels of community attachment. A lack of perceived restorative effects negatively impacted stress management capabilities. These findings have critical implications for the sustainability of urban park development and management, emphasizing their contribution to residents’ mental health and community bonding. By recognizing and maximizing the restorative potential of urban parks, policymakers and park managers can create spaces that foster improved mental health, stronger social connections, and enhanced community well-being.
Comparing AlUla and The Red Sea Saudi Arabia’s Giga Projects on Tourism towards a Sustainable Change in Destination Development
Authors: Filippi Lorenzo David , Mazzetto Silvia
Published: March 2024

This paper examines architecture for tourism, focusing on destination design. In the past forty years, tourism destinations and their impact have been affected and transformed by emerging topics such as the impact of social media and the necessity of sustainable indicators in the tourism industry. In the global panorama of ongoing tourism transformations, Saudi Arabia has recently established new governmental opening regulations that started in 2019 for visitors and tourist visa entry. The country is facing a rapidly transforming economy, and new destinations for tourism will impact the country’s growth in the coming years as part of the Sustainable Destination Program in alignment with the ambitious targets of the Saudi National Vision 2030. The adopted methodology of the study compares selected parameters of two significant Saudi Arabian case studies, AlUla and The Red Sea Project (TRSP), for the ongoing sustainable tourism destination development of planned tourist giga projects. According to the findings, AlUla and TRSP demonstrated an intense commitment to sustainable tourism through their efforts concerning protected areas, environmentally friendly transport, and significant rewilding and reforestation. The research’s conclusion emphasizes Saudi Arabia’s commitment to innovative thinking, long-term growth, and sustainable tourism. The study’s implication is primarily suited for destination design; it suggests potential applicability even in smaller-scale tourism development projects or additional comparisons in sustainability design approaches in diverse contexts, particularly in the MENA region.
Determination of the Shear Strength of Unsaturated Loess Samples from Conventional Triaxial Shear Tests Applying Rubber Membrane Correction
Authors: He Ruixia , Zhou Ziwen , Vanapalli Sai , Wu Xuyang
Published: March 2024

The shear strength parameters of loess samples are determined from conventional triaxial shear test results and used in the rational design of sustainable geotechnical infrastructures. However, the rubber membrane that is used in the triaxial shear apparatus for applying the all-around pressure to the test specimen has a significant influence on the measured shear strength parameters. In this paper, remolded and undisturbed unsaturated loess samples from northwest China are used in a comprehensive testing program to determine the shear strength from triaxial tests and understand the influence of a rubber membrane. The results show that the measured undrained cohesion from unconsolidated undrained triaxial tests on unsaturated soil specimens with and without a rubber membrane are significantly different. In this study, differences in the shear strength with and without a rubber membrane are assessed from shear strength index values that can be determined from undrained cohesion and the internal friction angle derived from conventional triaxial tests. Experimental results suggest that predominant changes arise mainly in the undrained cohesion values. The change rate of shear strength indices values of undisturbed loess shows a strong correlation with its water content; however, it is weak for remolded loess. The correlation coefficient between error and measured values of all shear strength indices is more than 0.8. Empirical correction relationships for triaxial shear tests with a rubber membrane for three different types of loess were established from the investigations. The simple approach used in this study can be used as a reference to apply corrections to the measured undrained cohesion values of unsaturated loess samples from northwest China.
An Assessment Methodology about the Effectiveness of Mobility IT Solutions: Application to Six Demo Sites
Authors: Zarehparast Malekzadeh Mehdi , Enrique Santarremigia Francisco , Dolores Molero Gemma , Kumar Malviya Ashwani , Kapoor Aditya , Arroyo Rosa , Ruiz Sánchez Tomás
Published: March 2024

Considering the significant growth rate of populations in urban areas, public transport has become vital to urban living. Promoting the culture of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) among travelers has become unavoidable to address climatic challenges, particularly the global warming phenomenon. To encourage the use of public transport, it is important to introduce innovative IT solutions to the ecosystem of TSPs (Transport Service Providers) backed by an in-depth analysis to meet the expectations and the needs of the TSPs and the travelers. Building on the work from a previous paper, which introduced an assessment methodology based on the calculation of the effectiveness of IT solutions to meet traveler’s needs and expectations, this paper presents the results of an intersectional assessment by applying this methodology with data collected in six demo sites (Athens, Barcelona, Liberec, Osijek, Padua, and Warsaw). This paper will help to understand better this quantitative assessment methodology, and especially help IT developers and TSPs understand better how to apply it to their IT solutions. Results of this assessment show which of these IT solutions (functionalities) are worth investment, considering the satisfaction level of both TSPs and travelers. This assessment methodology is scalable to other demo sites and datasets in further developments.
Driving Agricultural Transformation: Unraveling Key Factors Shaping IoT Adoption in Smart Farming with Empirical Insights
Authors: Bahari Mahadi , Arpaci Ibrahim , Der Oguzhan , Akkoyun Fatih , Ercetin Ali
Published: March 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) holds immense potential for the social and economic development of developing countries, as recognized by academia and professionals. However, there is a notable lack of theoretical research on IoT adoption within agricultural settings. To address this gap, this study introduces a model focusing on nine critical “Technology-Organization-Environment” (TOE) factors. Empirical validation was conducted using data from 179 managers in diverse agricultural organizations. The research model was evaluated by using “Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling” (PLS-SEM). The results underscored the significance of governmental support and technological compatibility in driving IoT adoption. Moreover, financial considerations within organizations and the evolving digital landscape were identified as key influencers of smart farm adoption. This study offers valuable insights with significant implications for sustainable IoT adoption in research and practical applications.
Fibonacci-like Sequences Reveal the Genetic Code Symmetries, Also When the Amino Acids Are in a Physiological Environment
Authors: Négadi Tidjani
Published: March 2024

In this study, we once again use a set of Fibonacci-like sequences to examine the symmetries within the genetic code. This time, our focus is on the physiological state of the amino acids, considering them as charged, in contrast to our previous work where they were seen as neutral. In a pH environment around 7.4, there are four charged amino acids. We utilize the properties of our sequences to accurately describe the symmetries in the genetic code table. These include Rumer’s symmetry, the third-base symmetry and the “ideal” symmetry, along with the “supersymmetry” classification schemes. We also explore the special chemical structure of the amino acid proline, presenting two perspectives—shCherbak’s view and the Downes–Richardson view—which are included in the description of the above-mentioned symmetries. Our investigation also employs elementary modular arithmetic to precisely describe the chemical structure of proline, connecting the two views seamlessly. Finally, our Fibonacci-like sequences prove instrumental in quickly establishing the multiplet structure of non-standard versions of the genetic code. We illustrate this with an example, showcasing the efficiency of our method in unraveling the complex relationships within the genetic code.
A Unique Identification-Oriented Black-Box Watermarking Scheme for Deep Classification Neural Networks
Authors: Mo Mouke , Wang Chuntao , Bian Shan
Published: March 2024

Given the substantial value and considerable training costs associated with deep neural network models, the field of deep neural network model watermarking has come to the forefront. While black-box model watermarking has made commendable strides, the current methodology for constructing poisoned images in the existing literature is simplistic and susceptible to forgery. Notably, there is a scarcity of black-box model watermarking techniques capable of discerning a unique user in a multi-user model distribution setting. For this reason, this paper proposes a novel black-box model watermarking method for unique identity identification, which is denoted as the ID watermarking of neural networks (IDwNet). Specifically, to enhance the distinguishability of deep neural network models in multi-user scenarios and mitigate the likelihood of poisoned image counterfeiting, this study develops a discrete cosine transform (DCT) and singular value decomposition (SVD)-based symmetrical embedding method to form the poisoned image. As this ID embedding method leads to indistinguishable deep features, the study constructs a poisoned adversary training strategy by simultaneously inputting clean images, poisoned images with the correct ID, and poisoned adversary images with incorrect IDs to train a deep neural network. Extensive simulation experiments show that the proposed scheme achieves excellent invisibility for the concealed ID, surpassing remarkably the state-of-the-art. In addition, the proposed scheme obtains a validation success rate exceeding 99% for the poisoned images at the cost of a marginal classification accuracy reduction of less than 0.5%. Moreover, even though there is only a 1-bit discrepancy between IDs, the proposed scheme still results in an accurate validation of user copyright. These results indicate that the proposed scheme is promising.
Discrete Event Systems Theory for Fast Stochastic Simulation via Tree Expansion
Authors: Zeigler Bernard P.
Published: March 2024

Paratemporal methods based on tree expansion have proven to be effective in efficiently generating the trajectories of stochastic systems. However, combinatorial explosion of branching arising from multiple choice points presents a major hurdle that must be overcome to implement such techniques. In this paper, we tackle this scalability problem by developing a systems theory-based framework covering both conventional and proposed tree expansion algorithms for speeding up discrete event system stochastic simulations while preserving the desired accuracy. An example is discussed to illustrate the tree expansion framework in which a discrete event system specification (DEVS) Markov stochastic model takes the form of a tree isomorphic to a free monoid over the branching alphabet. We derive the computation times for baseline, non-merging, and merging tree expansion algorithms to compute the distribution of output values at any given depth. The results show the remarkable reduction from exponential to polynomial dependence on depth effectuated by node merging. We relate these results to the similarly reduced computation time of binomial coefficients underlying Pascal’s triangle. Finally, we discuss the application of tree expansion to estimating temporal distributions in stochastic simulations involving serial and parallel compositions with potential real-world use cases.
An Interdisciplinary and Multilevel Analysis of Local Economy Determinants and Their Impact on Firm Performance—Considering Porter’s Diamond Model, Clusters, and Industry
Authors: Lehene Cosmin Florin , Jaradat Mohammad , Nistor Răzvan Liviu
Published: March 2024

Industrial Organization, the Resource-Based View, and the Relational View are some classical, well-established, and widely accepted theories in the strategic management domain regarding the understanding, explanation, and prediction of competitive advantage of firms and above-average firm performance. Recent evidence of economic geography and regional economics added to this stream of research new perspectives like cluster theory and microeconomic competitiveness. Despite the high enthusiasm with which companies and policymakers embraced the new advancements, there is some contradictory evidence regarding the positive effect of local conditions on firm performance. Thus, in this paper, we aim to empirically test some aspects of a modern regional development theory, proposed mainly by Michael Porter and collaborators, and the impact of these aspects on firm performance. External determinants considered at three levels of analysis (local economy, local clusters, and industry) will be investigated in relation to firm performance. We will analyze empirical data through detailed correlational analyses and by building multilinear regression models. After the statistical analysis of the answers provided directly by 67 medium and large manufacturing companies operating in Romania, we will provide empirical support for some external determinants, while for other determinants, we will show that the data rejected the proposed associations. The main conclusion derived from this study is that different combinations of external determinants, considered at all three levels of analysis, have a positive and significant effect on different measures of firm performance. The findings in our paper are important for both regional economics and the strategic management literature, suggesting the importance of creating local or urban conditions depending on the type of performance that the firms in the local economy are underperforming.
Insecticidal Effects of Transgenic Maize Bt-Cry1Ab, Bt-Vip3Aa, and Bt-Cry1Ab+Vip3Aa against the Oriental Armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walker) in Southwest China
Authors: Zhang Zhenghao , Yang Xianming , Wang Wenhui , Wu Kongming
Published: March 2024

The oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walker), an important migratory pest of maize and wheat, is posing a severe threat to maize production in Asian countries. As source areas of spring–summer emigratory populations, the control of M. separata in southwestern China is of great significance for East Asian maize production. To assess the toxicity of Bt maize against the pest, bioassays of Bt-(Cry1Ab+Vip3Aa) maize (event DBN3601T), Bt-Cry1Ab maize (event DBN9936), and Bt-Vip3Aa maize (event DBN9501) were conducted in Yunnan province of southwest China. There were significant differences in insecticidal activity between the three Bt maize events, and DBN3601T presented the highest insecticidal role. The results also indicated that the insecticidal effect of various Bt maize tissues took an order in leaf > kernel > silk, which is highly consistent with the expression amounts of Bt insecticidal protein in leaf (69.69 ± 1.18 μg/g), kernel (11.69 ± 0.75 μg/g), and silk (7.32 ± 0.31 μg/g). In field trials, all larval population densities, plant damage rates, and leaf damage levels of DBN3601T maize were significantly lower than the conventional maize. This research indicated that the DBN3601T event had a high control efficiency against M. separata and could be deployed in southwest China for the management of M. separata.
Observational Constraints on Dynamical Dark Energy Models
Authors: Avsajanishvili Olga , Chitov Gennady Y. , Kahniashvili Tina , Mandal Sayan , Samushia Lado
Published: March 2024

Scalar field ϕCDM models provide an alternative to the standard ΛCDM paradigm, while being physically better motivated. Dynamical scalar field ϕCDM models are divided into two classes: the quintessence (minimally and non-minimally interacting with gravity) and phantom models. These models explain the phenomenology of late-time dark energy. In these models, energy density and pressure are time-dependent functions under the assumption that the scalar field is described by the ideal barotropic fluid model. As a consequence of this, the equation of state parameter of the ϕCDM models is also a time-dependent function. The interaction between dark energy and dark matter, namely their transformation into each other, is considered in the interacting dark energy models. The evolution of the universe from the inflationary epoch to the present dark energy epoch is investigated in quintessential inflation models, in which a single scalar field plays a role of both the inflaton field at the inflationary epoch and of the quintessence scalar field at the present epoch. We start with an overview of the motivation behind these classes of models, the basic mathematical formalism, and the different classes of models. We then present a compilation of recent results of applying different observational probes to constraining ϕCDM model parameters. Over the last two decades, the precision of observational data has increased immensely, leading to ever tighter constraints. A combination of the recent measurements favors the spatially flat ΛCDM model but a large class of ϕCDM models is still not ruled out.
Prevalence of Emergent Dolutegravir Resistance Mutations in People Living with HIV: A Rapid Scoping Review
Authors: Chu Carolyn , Tao Kaiming , Kouamou Vinie , Avalos Ava , Scott Jake , Grant Philip M. , Rhee Soo-Yon , McCluskey Suzanne M. , Jordan Michael R. , Morgan Rebecca L. , Shafer Robert W.
Published: March 2024

Background: Dolutegravir (DTG) is a cornerstone of global antiretroviral (ARV) therapy (ART) due to its high efficacy and favorable tolerability. However, limited data exist regarding the risk of emergent integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) drug-resistance mutations (DRMs) in individuals receiving DTG-containing ART. Methods: We performed a PubMed search using the term “Dolutegravir”, last updated 18 December 2023, to estimate the prevalence of VF with emergent INSTI DRMs in people living with HIV (PLWH) without previous VF on an INSTI who received DTG-containing ART. Results: Of 2131 retrieved records, 43 clinical trials, 39 cohorts, and 6 cross-sectional studies provided data across 6 clinical scenarios based on ART history, virological status, and co-administered ARVs: (1) ART-naïve PLWH receiving DTG plus two NRTIs; (2) ART-naïve PLWH receiving DTG plus lamivudine; (3) ART-experienced PLWH with VF on a previous regimen receiving DTG plus two NRTIs; (4) ART-experienced PLWH with virological suppression receiving DTG plus two NRTIs; (5) ART-experienced PLWH with virological suppression receiving DTG and a second ARV; and (6) ART-experienced PLWH with virological suppression receiving DTG monotherapy. The median proportion of PLWH in clinical trials with emergent INSTI DRMs was 1.5% for scenario 3 and 3.4% for scenario 6. In the remaining four trial scenarios, VF prevalence with emergent INSTI DRMs was ≤0.1%. Data from cohort studies minimally influenced prevalence estimates from clinical trials, whereas cross-sectional studies yielded prevalence data lacking denominator details. Conclusions: In clinical trials, the prevalence of VF with emergent INSTI DRMs in PLWH receiving DTG-containing regimens has been low. Novel approaches are required to assess VF prevalence with emergent INSTI DRMs in PLWH receiving DTG in real-world settings.
COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Hesitancy among the Elderly in Malaysian Residential Care Homes: A Cross-Sectional Study in Klang Valley
Authors: Lee Kai Wei , Yap Sook Fan , Ong Hooi Tin , Liew Sien Leong , Oo Myo , Swe Kye Mon Min
Published: March 2024

The elderly are considered a high-risk group for severe outcomes and death from COVID-19 infection. Given the emergence of new COVID variants and the immunity provided by vaccines waning over time, booster doses of the vaccine have been advocated for those at risk to stay protected. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with hesitancy toward the second booster of the COVID-19 vaccine among the elderly residing in residential care homes. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 24 residential care homes in the Klang Valley using a face-to-face interview questionnaire. The study population included individuals aged 60 and above who had been fully vaccinated against COVID-19 up to the first booster dose. Second-booster hesitancy was assessed using the Oxford Vaccine Hesitancy Scale with seven items, the aggregate score of which ranges from seven to thirty-five; the higher the score, the greater the level of hesitancy. Multivariate linear regression was employed to determine factors associated with second-booster hesitancy, and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data from 401 elderly individuals were included for analysis. The mean score of the Oxford Vaccine Hesitancy Scale was 21.6 ± 7.2. Predictors of second booster hesitancy were identified. Age, Indian ethnicity, being a recipient of the Sinovac vaccine as the first COVID-19 booster, experiencing the death of close friends or immediate family members following COVID-19 vaccination, and negative messages (indicating that taking a booster dose is harmful) from caregivers, friends, or family members were found to be associated with an increased second-booster-hesitancy score. Conversely, positive messages (indicating that taking a booster is helpful) from the government and caregivers, friends, or family members were identified as predictors associated with a reduction in the second-booster-hesitancy score. While vaccines effectively combat severe COVID-19, the majority of the elderly hesitate before taking the second booster. Their hesitancy, rooted in the perception of a low self risk and reliance on protection from the initial doses, emphasizes the need for intervention by relevant bodies. Taking into consideration the risk, albeit relatively low, of potentially serious side effects following COVID-19 vaccinations, it is imperative that transparent, appropriate, and positive messaging regarding booster vaccines, particularly in the context of the elderly from residential care homes, be available. Encouraging this high-risk group to embrace the second booster aligns with the goal of maximizing protection within the vulnerable elderly population.
Influence of Maternal Supplementation with Vitamins, Minerals, and (or) Protein/Energy on Placental Development and Angiogenic Factors in Beef Heifers during Pregnancy
Authors: Dávila Ruiz Bethania J. , Dahlen Carl R. , McCarthy Kacie L. , Caton Joel S. , Hurlbert Jennifer L. , Baumgaertner Friederike , B. Menezes Ana Clara , Diniz Wellison J. S. , Underdahl Sarah R. , Kirsch James D. , Sedivec Kevin K. , Bochantin Kerri A. , Borowicz Pawel P. , Canovas Sebastián , Reynolds Lawrence P.
Published: March 2024

The effect of vitamins and minerals supplementation (VTM) and/or two rates of body weight gain (GAIN) on bovine placental vascular development and angiogenic factors gene expression were evaluated in two experiments: In Exp. 1, crossbred Angus heifers (n = 34) were assigned to VTM/NoVTM treatments at least 71 days before breeding to allow changes in the mineral status. At breeding, through artificial insemination (AI), heifers were assigned to low-gain (LG) 0.28 kg/d or moderate-gain (MG) 0.79 kg/d treatments, resulting in NoVTM-LG (Control; n = 8), NoVTM-MG (n = 8), VTM-LG (n = 9), and VTM-MG (n = 9) until day 83 of gestation; In Exp. 2, crossbred angus heifers (n = 28), were assigned to control (CON; n = 12), receiving a basal total mixed ration (TMR) or TMR + VTM (VTM; n = 16) from breeding until parturition. Placentomes from Exp. 1 and cotyledons (COT) from Exp. 2 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for COT vascular density area. COTs from Exp. 1 were evaluated for angiogenic factor (ANGPT-1, ANGPT-2, eNOS2, eNOS3, FLT1, KDR, TEK, VEGFA) gene expression. In Exp. 1, COT vascularity was not affected by the interaction of VTM and GAIN (p = 0.67) or the main effects of VTM (p = 0.50) and GAIN (p = 0.55). Likewise, angiogenic factors were not differentially expressed between treatments (p < 0.05). In Exp. 2, COT vascularity was greater in VTM vs. CON (p = 0.07). In conclusion, there is a suggested later-stage influence of vitamin and mineral supplementation on placental vascularity, emphasizing the importance of supplementation beyond early pregnancy.
Plasma Concentrations of Oral Ondansetron in Hospitalized Dogs Exhibiting Clinical Signs of Nausea
Authors: Zersen Kristin M. , Molli Angela , Weisbeck Brooke G. , Fedotova Samantha , Quimby Jessica M. , Gustafson Daniel L. , Shropshire Sarah B.
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study was to evaluate plasma ondansetron (OND) concentrations in a population of dogs with naturally occurring nausea after oral OND administration. Twenty-four dogs were randomly assigned to receive one of the following doses of oral OND: 0.5 mg/kg q8h, 0.5 mg/kg q12h, 1 mg/kg q8h, or 1 mg/kg q12h. Blood samples for plasma OND measurements were collected at baseline and 2, 4, and 8 h after administration of the first dose of OND. OND concentrations averaged over an 8 h time period were not significantly different between dose groups (0.5 mg/kg group: median 8.5 ng/mL [range 1–96.8 ng/mL], 1 mg/kg group: median 7.4 ng/mL [range 1–278.7 ng/mL]). The mean maximum concentrations in the 0.5 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg groups were 35.8 ± 49.0 ng/mL and 63.3 ± 121.1 ng/mL, respectively. OND concentrations were below the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) in 50% (18/36) of samples in the 0.5 mg/kg groups and 39% (14/36) of samples in the 1 mg/kg groups. Six dogs (6/24, 25%) did not have OND detected at any time. The mean nausea scores at baseline were similar amongst all groups and decreased over time. The bioavailability of oral OND appears to be poor. Despite low plasma OND concentrations, nausea scores improved over time.
Aquatic Mercury Pollution from Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining in Sub-Saharan Africa: Status, Impacts, and Interventions
Authors: Mulenga Mary , Ouma Kennedy O. , Monde Concillia , Syampungani Stephen
Published: March 2024

Mercury (Hg) pollution remains an environmental global concern due to its non-degradable and toxic nature. Natural and anthropogenic sources of Hg adversely affect the functioning of aquatic ecosystems and biological processes. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), unregulated artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) contributes up to 20% of global gold production and uses 205–496 tonnes/yr of Hg. Despite being a vital economic driver for 20–30 million people, ASGM threatens the health of aquatic systems from Hg pollution, presenting a complex challenge that demands urgent interventions. This review seeks to (1) establish the current status of aquatic Hg pollution, (2) explore the environmental impacts of aquatic Hg, and (3) highlight the proposed interventions for aquatic Hg pollution in SSA. We examined publications and institutional reports between 2000 and 2023 addressing aquatic Hg pollution, impacts, and interventions in the ASGM of SSA. Results indicate a rise in aquatic Hg pollution due to the expansion and intensification of ASGM. West Africa remained the highest contributor (50.2%), followed by Central Africa (39.6%), Southern Africa (9.6%), and Eastern Africa (<1%). Contamination of freshwater ecosystems, toxicity to aquatic biota, and environmental health risks to humans were evident. Alternative Hg-free ASGM technologies, including physical, metallurgical, and pyrometallurgical, were investigated from case studies and recommended for adoption.
Groundwater Hydrochemistry and Recharge Process Impacted by Human Activities in an Oasis–Desert in Central Asia
Authors: Yao Yuan , Tu Chenwei , Hu Gaojia , Zhang Yuhan , Cao Hanyuan , Wang Wanrui , Wang Weihua
Published: March 2024

Intense anthropogenic activities in arid regions remarkably affect groundwater by causing phreatic decline and water environmental deterioration. A systematic understanding of groundwater hydrochemical evolution and recharge is critical to regional water, ecological and agricultural security in arid regions, but is not well known in arid oasis–deserts. This research identified groundwater recharge processes and assessed the impact of anthropogenic activities on groundwater hydrochemical evolution in a representative oasis–desert in Central Asia using stable isotopic indicators (δ2H and δ18O) and hydrochemical data. Results indicated that the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and cultivated land area exhibited a significant increasing trend during 2000 to 2020. Stable water isotopes and the ionic composition of both groundwater and surface water exhibited obviously spatial heterogeneity and seasonal variation. Generally, the spatial distribution pattern of major dissolved ions for shallow groundwater was consistent and increased along the groundwater flow direction from midstream to downstream. Surface water and groundwater were both characterized by higher δ18O and total dissolved solids (TDS) in the non-flood season than those in the flood season. Shallow groundwater had a larger seasonal variation in δ18O and TDS than other water components. Groundwater level in monitored wells generally presented a decreasing trend from 2018 to 2021, accompanied by a decrease in phreatic water TDS and NDVI in the desert area. Gypsum dissolution and weathering of silicate and halite had an important role in forming groundwater hydrochemistry. Anthropogenic activities significantly affected groundwater hydrochemistry and recharge. Shallow groundwater received its primary recharge from surface water and lateral groundwater flow, constituting 73% and 27% of the total recharge, respectively. Agricultural activities and groundwater overexploitation were the main factors for variations in groundwater level and quality in the oasis area, and directly affected groundwater and natural vegetation in the desert area. The results would be helpful to deeply understand groundwater hydrochemical evolution and cycling, and beneficial for groundwater efficient utilization and desert ecosystem restoration in the arid areas.
Treatment failure of
Helicobacter pylori
in primary care: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: van den Brink Gertrude , Koggel Lieke M , Hendriks Joris JH , de Boer Mark GJ , Siersema Peter D , Numans Mattijs E
Published: March 2024

Background

Owing to increasing antibiotic resistance, the worldwide efficacy of
Helicobacter pylori
(HP) eradication treatment has decreased.

Aim

To determine antimicrobial resistance of HP in primary care.

Design & setting

Retrospective cohort study using real-world routine healthcare data from 80 general practices in the Netherlands.

Method

Patients with International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC) codes for gastric symptoms or Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) codes for acid inhibition in the period 2010–2020 were selected. Main outcomes were antimicrobial resistance of HP, defined as the prescription of a second eradication treatment within 12 months, and clinical remission of gastric symptoms, defined as no usage of acid inhibition 1 year following eradication therapy.

Results

We identified 138 455 patients with gastric symptoms and/or acid inhibition use (mean age 57 years [standard deviation 18.2 years], 43% male). A total of 5224 (4%) patients received an HP eradication treatment. A second treatment was prescribed to 416 (8%) of those patients. From these, 380 patients received amoxicillin–clarithromycin, 16 amoxicillin–metronidazole, and 11 clarithromycin–metronidazole as first regimen and were considered antimicrobial resistant. We observed a 0.8% increment per year of patients requiring a second eradication treatment (
P
= 0.003, 95% confidence interval = 0.33 to 1.22). After successful eradication, 2329/4808 (48%) patients used acid inhibition compared with 355/416 (85%) patients following treatment failure (
P
<0.001).

Conclusion

Antimicrobial treatment is not successful in almost one-tenth of HP infections in primary care after a first treatment containing clarithromycin and/or metronidazole. Although the treatment failure rate is not as high as reported in secondary care, the increasing trend is concerning and may require revision of the current guidelines.
Delivering relational continuity of care in UK general practice: a scoping review
Authors: Fox Miglena N , Dickson Jon M , Burch Patrick , Hind Daniel , Hawksworth Olivia
Published: March 2024

Background

Relational continuity of care (patients seeing the same GP) is associated with better outcomes for patients, but it has been declining in general practice in the UK.

Aim

To understand what interventions have been tried to improve relational continuity of care in general practice in the UK.

Design & setting

Scoping review of articles on UK General Practice and written in English.

Method

An electronic search of MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus from 2002 to the present day was undertaken. Sources of grey literature were also searched. Studies that detailed service-level methods of achieving relational continuity of care with a GP in the UK were eligible for inclusion. Interventions were described narratively in relation to the elements listed in the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR). A logic model describing the rationale behind interventions was constructed.

Results

Seventeen unique interventions were identified. The interventions used a wide variety of strategies to try to improve relational continuity. This included personal lists, amended booking processes, regular reviews, digital technology, facilitated follow-ups, altered appointment times, and use of acute hubs. Twelve of the interventions targeted specific patient groups for increased continuity while others focused on increasing continuity for all patients. Changes in continuity levels were measured inconsistently using several different methods.

Conclusion

Several different strategies have been used in UK general practices in an attempt to improve relational continuity of care. While there is a similar underlying logic to these interventions, their scope, aims, and methods vary considerably. Furthermore, owing to a weak evidence base, comparing their efficacy remains challenging.
Revisão do impacto metabólico e nutricional do uso de andrógenos em atletas
Authors: Grassi Andrei , Heckert Victor Hugo , Flores Rogger Miguel Salazar , Lourenço Nathalia Pompeu Vilela , K Junior José Kuniyoshi
Published: March 2024

Este artigo empreende uma revisão criteriosa e abrangente da literatura científica atual sobre os impactos metabólicos e nutricionais do uso de andrógenos em atletas. Abordando profundamente as alterações metabólicas e os desafios nutricionais inerentes ao consumo dessas substâncias, nosso objetivo é delinear as áreas que demandam investigações mais profundas e discernimento aprimorado. A análise ressalta a imperatividade de estratégias regulamentadas e iniciativas educativas que visem minimizar os potenciais riscos associados, promovendo uma prática esportiva mais segura e consciente. Espera-se que esta revisão sirva como um catalisador para futuras pesquisas que possam equilibrar os benefícios desejados do uso de andrógenos com a necessidade vital de preservar a saúde e o bem-estar dos atletas.
Avaliação da cultura de segurança do paciente em um ambulatório de saúde na perspectiva da equipe multiprofissional
Authors: Rodrigues Evando Geraldo , Do Prado Júnior Pedro Paulo , De Faria Luciane Ribeiro , Siman Andréia Guerra
Published: March 2024

Introdução: A cultura de segurança do paciente é concebida como o reflexo da interação de comportamentos, valores e competências que determinam o engajamento com o gerenciamento da saúde e da segurança, substituindo a cultura punitiva pela oportunidade de aprendizado coletivo, o aprender com os erros. A segurança do paciente é uma temática amplamente estudada na atualidade. Apesar do crescente interesse no assunto, ainda é perceptível a falta de sensibilização para o problema na Atenção Primária à Saúde, por isso há necessidade de trabalhar essa temática nesse nível de assistência, a fim de diminuir os danos e eventos adversos causados pela assistência à saúde. Objetivo: analisar a cultura de segurança do paciente no contexto de um ambulatório de saúde. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal, quantitativo e descritivo realizado em um ambulatório, classificado formalmente como uma Unidade Básica de Saúde e vinculado a uma universidade federal, situado na Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Dados colhidos pela intervenção do questionário MOSPSC, com 56 profissionais, analisados por estatística descritiva, percentuais maiores ou igual a 75% de respostas positivas são avaliadas, como forte; menores ou iguais a 50% fracas, e entre 50% menores que 75%, neutras.  Resultados: Duas das dimensões foram fortes: troca de informações com outras instituições/serviços e segurança do paciente e problemas de qualidade do cuidado. Três das dimensões avaliadas como fracas: Comunicação sobre o erro, Comunicação aberta e Acompanhamento da assistência ao paciente; e sete dimensões analisadas como neutras. Conclusões: Sob a perspectiva da equipe multiprofissional atuantes em um ambulatório de saúde, há uma Cultura de Segurança estabelecida de forma neutra. Sugere-se que seja instituído uma unidade do Núcleo de segurança do paciente no serviço.
Impactos da pandemia de COVID-19 na qualidade de vida de professores de escolas públicas estaduais de um município Sergipano, Brasil
Authors: Santos Lais Ribeiro , Santos Yasmim do Rosário , Dos Anjos Daianne Santos , Cicotti Rudvan
Published: March 2024

A COVID-19 é uma síndrome respiratória aguda grave, infectocontagiosa causada pelo novo Coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2), sendo responsável por uma pandemia que afetou a qualidade de vida da população mundial. Desse modo, essa pesquisa tem por intuído descrever os impactos da pandemia de COVID-19 na qualidade de vida dos professores de escolas públicas estaduais de um município Sergipano. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, analítico, descritivo, de corte transversal e abordagem quantitativa. Um total de 42 professores participaram da pesquisa, sendo o sexo feminino mais prevalente com 64,29% dos indivíduos. A idade média dos entrevistados foi de 41,02±9,3 anos. Entre a prática de atividade física durante a pandemia 9,52% mencionaram nunca ter praticado alguma atividade física. Com relação a terem adquirido COVID-19, 52,38% afirmaram terem contraído a doença, sendo que houve casos de reinfecção com 16,67% dos casos. Quanto às sequelas provenientes da COVID-19, 40,91% dos professores não apresentaram nenhuma sequela, já as principais sequelas identificadas decorrentes do contágio foram, Perda de Memória 31,83%, Perda razoável de Audição 9,08% e Dispneia 9,08%. Foram identificados sintomas psicoemocionais como, tristeza 16,15%, dificuldade de concentração 16,15%, falta de sono 13,85%, estes por sua vez aliados a medo e raiva, podem evoluir para quadros de ansiedade e depressão. Foi demonstrado que a pandemia provocou efeitos deletérios na qualidade de vida de professores, tanto físicos quanto emocionais. Por isso, se faz necessário que esses profissionais possam ter um acompanhado através de uma equipe multidisciplinar, para que estes auxiliem na melhoria da qualidade de vida dessa população.
Fibrilação atrial - perspectivas atuais epidemiológicas, fisiopatológicas e terapêuticas
Authors: De Lacerda Gabriela Mantiolhe , De Faria Iris Lopes , Mota Lucas de Souza , Antônio Anna Cecília Soares , De Oliveira Aneliza Mota Barbosa
Published: March 2024

A fibrilação atrial (FA) é uma arritmia cardíaca comum que afeta milhões de pessoas globalmente, aumentando o risco de morte e outras complicações graves, como acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) e demência. Apesar dos avanços científicos, o manejo da FA ainda enfrenta desafios. A condição muitas vezes é assintomática, mas pode causar sintomas como palpitações, dispneia e fadiga. O diagnóstico é confirmado pelo eletrocardiograma (ECG), que mostra ritmo cardíaco irregular e ausência de onda P. Estratégias de tratamento visam melhorar os sintomas, reduzir o risco de AVC e controlar fatores de risco como obesidade e hipertensão. A prevalência da FA está em ascensão, especialmente devido ao envelhecimento da população e fatores de risco como obesidade e hipertensão. O diagnóstico pode ser desafiador devido à natureza assintomática em alguns pacientes, mas avanços em dispositivos vestíveis têm facilitado a detecção precoce. O tratamento inclui anticoagulação para prevenir AVC, controle da frequência cardíaca e do ritmo, e possivelmente ablação por cateter para controlar o ritmo em pacientes sintomáticos. A abordagem terapêutica é individualizada, considerando o risco de sangramento e as comorbidades do paciente. Anticoagulantes orais diretos (DOACs) são preferidos devido ao seu perfil de risco de sangramento e facilidade de uso. O controle do ritmo pode ser alcançado com medicamentos como flecainida e amiodarona, ou através de ablação por cateter em casos refratários. Em resumo, a FA é uma condição cardíaca comum e séria que requer uma abordagem multidisciplinar para melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes e reduzir complicações graves como AVC. O diagnóstico precoce, o manejo dos fatores de risco e opções terapêuticas eficazes são cruciais para lidar com essa condição complexa.
A complexidade dos distúrbios do sono: análise profunda do quadro clínico e estratégias terapêuticas da insônia: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Coradin Renan Brezinski , Lazzari Karolayne Skiba , Bailo Davit Willian , Barbosa Larissa Loyola , Rodrigues Karen Simone Fizinus , Takakua Fabiola Costa , Alves Ludmila Simonetto da Silva
Published: March 2024

Os distúrbios do sono representam uma questão significativa de saúde pública, impactando consideravelmente a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos afetados. Dentre esses distúrbios, a insônia se destaca como o mais prevalente, caracterizado pela dificuldade em iniciar ou manter o sono, enquanto a narcolepsia, embora menos comum, é uma condição marcada por episódios recorrentes de sonolência excessiva. Embora os tratamentos farmacológicos atualmente disponíveis para essas condições sejam frequentemente eficazes, é importante salientar que seus potenciais efeitos adversos podem ser substanciais. Assim, a necessidade de desenvolver terapias com um perfil de segurança aprimorado tem sido reconhecida como uma prioridade. Como resposta a essa demanda, pesquisas estão em curso para identificar e desenvolver novos fármacos que atuem de maneira mais seletiva, enquanto se aprofunda o entendimento da fisiologia subjacente aos ritmos de sono e vigília.