bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of ensuring standardization of indicators and management of fuel economy of the vehicle in conditions of operation
Authors: Gritsuk Igor , Volkov Volodymyr , Ukrainskyi Eugen , Volodarets Mykyta , Makarova Tamara , Ryzhova Victoria
Published: July 2022

The formation of the method of ensuring the rationing of indicators and management of fuel economy of the vehicle in variable operating conditions by means of operational control on the basis of intelligent transport systems is shown. A systematic approach was used as the methodological basis of the research to solve the tasks set in the work. The general technique of carrying out of scientific research of rationing and fuel economy of the freight vehicle of category N3 in variable conditions of operation by means of operative control on the basis of intelligent transport systems is developed. The target function of the study is a combination of objective and subjective factors of vehicle operation, which ensure minimal fuel consumption. At the same time the minimum task is solved, namely: rationing of operational indicators, fuel economy of the vehicle in the conditions of operation tends to reach the maximum, despite the fact that fuel consumption tends to reach the minimum values. The general approach to the formation of the method of ensuring the fuel economy of the vehicle in variable operating conditions by means of operational control based on intelligent transport systems is formulated. The processes of solving the tasks are based on the implementation of systemic interaction of three interrelated components: process, information and analytical. It is shown that the peculiarity of the method is that it involves the joint use of all available methods and means of obtaining information about the processes of operation of the vehicle, fuel consumption, parameters of technical condition and speed, and so on.Thus, the process of forming a method to ensure the rationing of performance and fuel economy of the vehicle in variable operating conditions by means of operational control on the basis of intelligent transport systems involves clarifying information on fuel consumption, actual technical condition, methods and means of implementation. The article shows that this task on the basis of information about fuel consumption parameters and technical condition can be expressed as a complex function in the implementation of relevant tasks.
Design design of technical systems
Authors: Zinko Roman , Cherevko Yurij , Polyakov Andriy , Bojko Oleg
Published: July 2022

The psychology of designer thinking affects the design and construction of technical systems. Her knowledge and ability to take into account when creating new technical systems and facilities will improve the quality of the design of the final product.When creating a new product, the designer must come as close as possible to the ideal product model. At the same time, technical contradictions often arise. The elimination of technical inconsistencies is some intersection of many characteristics that are imposed according to the requirements of the product. In fact, it is a search for the optimum in the multidimensional space of characteristics.The starting point for design activities is the social order - the need to create certain objects, caused either by "gaps" in the practice of their manufacture, or competition, or the needs of social practice. The product of design activities, in contrast to design, is expressed in a special symbolic form - in the form of texts, drawings, graphs, calculations, models in computer memory, etc. The result of design activities must be materialized in the form of a prototype, which specifies the calculations, design and technical characteristics of the designed technical system, given in the project.The design process is conducted in conditions of information deficit (uncertainty). The work describes the information deficit as metameric situations (division of the situation into similar or almost identical events or perceptions).Uncertainty in the design process is eliminated through creative activities to perform iterative procedures. The number of cycles of iterative procedures depends on the degree of uncertainty of the initial statement of the problem, its complexity, experience and qualifications of the designer, the required accuracy of the solution.Psychological factors of creative activity affect the design process and must be taken into account. Creative abilities are influenced by heredity, the natural and social environment, scientific and technical training, the degree of development of imagination, the ability to think figuratively and other factors.Ineffective strategies and syndromes (barriers) also impose limitations on the creative thinking of the designer
Mini-open lateral retropleural thoracic discectomy approach
Authors: Uribe Juan S. , Katsevman Gennadiy A. , Morgan Clinton D. , Paisan Gabriella M. , Snyder Laura A.
Published: July 2022

The lateral retropleural approach provides an eloquent, mini-open, safe corridor to address various pathologies in the thoracolumbar spine, including herniated thoracic discs. Traditional approaches (e.g., transpedicular, costotransversectomy, or transthoracic) have their own benefits and pitfalls but are generally associated with significant morbidity and often require instrumentation. In this video, the authors highlight the retropleural approach and its nuances, including patient positioning, surgical planning, relevant anatomy, surgical technique, and postoperative care.

The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2022.3.FOCVID2217
MIS lateral retroperitoneal transpsoas approach allows gross total resection of a giant L4 schwannoma
Authors: Ramos-Fresnedo Andres , Perez-Vega Carlos , Ravindran Krishnan , Fox W. Christopher
Published: July 2022

In this surgical video, the authors present a successful minimally invasive (MIS) lateral retroperitoneal transpsoas approach for resection of an L4 nerve root schwannoma. They describe the surgical approach in detail, with special emphasis on patient positioning for an orthogonal view, as well as technical nuances throughout the procedure. Using a sequential tubular retractor, they performed a microscopic dissection of the lesion. The tumor was debulked and the tumor capsule was disconnected from the surrounding tissue. During dissection, direct stimulation identified a functional nerve root that was carefully dissected from the tumor capsule. The tumor was then removed en bloc.

The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2022.3.FOCVID2220
Long-term outcomes of Spetzler-Martin grade IV and V arteriovenous malformations: a single-center experience
Authors: Li Nan , Yan Debin , Li Zhipeng , Chen Yu , Ma Li , Li Ruinan , Han Heze , Meng Xiangyu , Jin Hengwei , Zhao Yang , Chen Xiaolin , Wang Hao , Zhao Yuanli
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore whether intervention can benefit Spetzler-Martin (SM) grade IV–V arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).

METHODS

Eighty-two patients with SM grade IV–V AVMs were retrospectively reviewed from 2015 to 2018. Patients were divided into two groups: those who received conservative management (22 cases [26.8%]) and intervention (60 cases [73.2%], including 21 cases of microsurgery, 19 embolization, and 20 hybrid surgery). Neurofunctional outcomes were assessed with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). The primary outcome was long-term neurofunctional status, and the secondary outcomes were short-term neurofunctional status, long-term obliteration rate, seizure control, and risk of subsequent hemorrhage.

RESULTS

Regarding the primary outcome, after an average of 4.7 years of clinical follow-up, long-term neurofunctional outcomes were similar after conservative management or intervention (absolute difference −0.4 [95% CI −1.5 to 0.7], OR 0.709 [95% CI 0.461–1.090], p = 0.106), whereas intervention had an advantage over conservative management for avoidance of severe disability (defined as mRS score > 3) (1.7% vs 18.2%, absolute difference 16.5% [95% CI −23.6% to 56.6%], OR 0.076 [95% CI 0.008–0.727], p = 0.025). Regarding the secondary outcomes, intervention was conducive to better seizure control (Engel class I–II) (70.0% vs 0.0%, absolute difference 70.0% [95% CI 8.6%–131.4%], p = 0.010) and avoidance of subsequent hemorrhage (1.4% vs 6.0%, absolute difference 4.6% [95% CI −0.4% to 9.6%], p = 0.030). In the subgroup analysis based on different intervention modalities, microsurgery and hybrid surgery achieved higher complete obliteration rates than embolization (p < 0.001), and hybrid surgery resulted in significantly less intraoperative blood loss than microsurgery (p = 0.041).

CONCLUSIONS

Intervention is reasonable for properly indicated SM grade IV–V AVMs because it provides satisfactory seizure control with decreased risks of severe disability and subsequent hemorrhage than conservative management.

Clinical trial registration no.: NCT04572568 (ClinicalTrials.gov)
Operative considerations and surgical treatment of sylvian fissure arteriovenous malformations: a 20-year experience
Authors: Nathal Edgar , Serrano-Rubio Alejandro , Monroy-Sosa Alejandro , Gutiérrez-Ávila Oscar , Vázquez-Gregorio Rafael , Degollado-García Javier , Lee Ángel
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE

Sylvian fissure (SF) arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are among the most challenging vascular lesions amenable to neurosurgical treatment and account for 10% of all locations. As radiosurgery and endovascular techniques are increasingly involved in multimodal management protocols, the role of microsurgery needs to be reassessed as a stand-alone technique. The aim of this study was to show that total excision can be achieved with reasonable levels of morbidity and mortality in a real-world setting from a specialized high-volume center.

METHODS

Forty-three patients with SF AVMs were identified from a series of 577 AVM patients treated microsurgically over a 22-year period. The mean patient age was 33.07 years (range 15–60 years), and there were 22 male and 21 female patients. The mode of presentation was headache in 51.2%, hemorrhage in 34.9%, seizures in 30.2%, and steal phenomenon in 9.3%. The authors analyzed the anatomical basis and angiographic characteristics of such lesions.

RESULTS

In the preoperative period, 83.7% of the patients had a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–2, and 16.3% had an mRS score of 3–5. After a 12-month follow-up, 95.3% of patients had an mRS score of 0–2, and 4.7% had a score of 3–6. The difference between pre- and postoperative scores was not statistically significant. SF AVMs have several particular features: 1) They produce angiographic steal of the anterior cerebral artery. 2) The nidus is fed by only one of the main trunks of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). 3) Participation of deep perforators is uncommon. 4) They have two or more early draining veins showing their fistulous nature. 5) Preoperative embolization and radiosurgery have a low rate of permanent cure.

CONCLUSIONS

These AVMs represent a surgical challenge due to their proximity to critical structures such as the MCA, insula, internal capsule, and speech and memory functions in the dominant hemisphere. Essential key points are the wide opening of the SF and proper differentiation between feeders and normal vessels. Although this location can seem daunting, SF AVMs carry no additional surgical risk if adequately managed.
Hemodynamic changes during the obliteration process for cerebral arteriovenous malformations after radiosurgery
Authors: Takeda Yasuhiro , Hasegawa Hirotaka , Kin Taichi , Shinya Yuki , Kawashima Mariko , Furuta Yasuyuki , Suzuki Yuichi , Sekine Tetsuro , Saito Nobuhito
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE

The process of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) obliteration following radiosurgery is poorly understood. Authors of this retrospective study aimed to assess the changes in AVM hemodynamics after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) by using 3D flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to elucidate the process of AVM obliteration.

METHODS

Twenty-four patients with AVMs treated with SRS between July 2015 and December 2017 were included in this study and classified into two groups depending on the duration of AVM obliteration: group A, obliteration within 3 years (n = 15); and group B, obliteration taking more than 3 years or no obliteration (n = 9). Blood flow (ml/min) in the largest feeding artery was measured before and after SRS by using time-averaged 3D flow MRI. The decreasing rate of blood flow in the feeding artery after SRS was calculated as the percent change from baseline blood flow. A Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare the decreasing blood flow rate between the two groups at 4 and 12 months after SRS.

RESULTS

For the entire cohort, the mean decrease in blood flow in the feeding artery from baseline was 29% at 4 months and 71% at 12 months after SRS. In general, blood flow after SRS decreased faster in group A and slower in group B. The decreasing rates in blood flow at 4 and 12 months after SRS were significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.02 and < 0.001, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

Tracking changes in AVM hemodynamics after SRS may be useful for assessing the progress of AVM obliteration and the therapeutic effects of SRS, possibly contributing to the prediction of subsequent obliteration outcome.
Diabetes Mellitus among Adult Outpatients Visiting a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Khatri Bijay , Kayastha Manish , Shrestha Rajan , Bhattarai Janak Raj , Majhi Sangita , Upadhyay Sanjib Kumar , Upadhyay Madan Prasad , Kafle Kumud Kumar
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterised by elevated blood sugar levels and is a pandemic of public health importance. Screening programs can help reduce morbidity and mortality by preventing or delaying complications. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among adult outpatients visiting a tertiary care centre.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among outpatients visiting a tertiary care centre between 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethical Review Board (Registration number: 408/2020 P). Patients with unknown history of diabetes participating in free random blood sugar examinations were included in the study. Systematic random sampling was used. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated.
Results: Among 385 adult outpatients, 17 (4.42%) (2.37–6.47, 95% Confidence Interval) had diabetes. The mean random blood sugar level of the diabetic patients was 281.41±57.49 mg/dl.
Conclusions: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus among adult outpatients was similar to previous studies conducted in similar settings. Random blood sugar test in hospital outpatient settings is feasible to identify people with diabetes mellitus.
Abnormal Chest Computed Tomography Findings among Admitted Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Pant Sujit , Basnet Bina , Panta Sujata , Tulachan Neeraj Basanta , Rai Kalpana , Shrestha Mukunda Singh
Published: July 2022

Introduction: COVID-19 has emerged as a pandemic and has varied clinical presentation. Computed Tomography scans of the chest play an important role in evaluating the lung parenchymal changes and aids in better planning the management of COVID-19 patients. The purpose of this study was to find the prevalence of abnormal chest computed tomography findings among admitted symptomatic COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 25 October 2020 to January 2021 in a tertiary care hospital. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Registration number: 348). Convenience sampling method was used. Chest computed tomography findings of the admitted symptomatic COVID-19 patients were evaluated for abnormal findings. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated.
Results: Among 153 patients, abnormal chest computed tomography findings were seen in 147 (96.07%) (92.99-99.15, 95% Confidence Interval). The findings of ground-glass opacities with consolidations were seen in 78 (53.06%) patients.
Conclusions: The prevalence of abnormal chest findings among symptomatic COVID-19 patients in our study was similar to the studies done in other countries in similar settings. Majority of the symptomatic COVID-19 patients showed abnormal chest computed tomography scan findings in the form of ground glass opacities and consolidations.
Mean Six Minute Walk Distance of Healthy Healthcare Workers of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Pant Subash , Basnet Krity , Shrestha Prinsa , K.C. Mathura
Published: July 2022

Introduction: The six-minute walk test is a sub-maximal exercise test used in clinical populations to determine functional exercise capacity. It is a safe, simple, and inexpensive test. There are a number of reference equations described for estimating six-minute walk distance in healthy subjects in different countries. However, there is a lack of standard reference value for six minute walk distance in healthy Nepalese population. The aim of the study was to find the mean six minute walk distance of healthy healthcare workers of a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among healthy health care workers of a tertiary care centre from 1 August 2021 to 30 November 2021 after taking ethical approval from Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 1507202105). Convenience sampling was done. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated.
Results: The mean six-minute walk distance of the 162 healthy health care workers was 486.74±74.73 (475.23–498.24, 95% Confidence Interval) m. Men walked 519.61±79.19 m and women walked 474.12±75.62 m. The mean age of the participants was 29.25±8.25 years.
Conclusions: The mean six-minute walk distance was found to be lower when compared to similar studies conducted in similar settings.
An Experience as a Medical Support during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Adhikari Sachi , Shrestha Saloni
Published: July 2022

In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, volunteering enabled us to support people facing difficulties in locating healthcare facilities. Working as a medical support volunteer allowed us to interact closely with patients. We assisted them by providing information on the availability of hospital beds, intensive care unit beds, ventilators and oxygen cylinders. We had numerous beautiful as well as dreadful experiences and learned valuable lessons during the process. We experienced a wide range of emotions, from the joy of informing about the availability of a vacant bed to the guilt and dilemma of having to prioritise in such a crisis. We learnt about how an empathetic approach and active listening helps to connect people.
BUREAU OF LOCAL STUDIES OF MIDDLE SIBERIAN BRANCH OF RUSSIAN GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY OF YENISEI SIBERIA (1929–1930) FINAL STAGE ACTIVITY
Authors:   Independent researcher, Shmakova N.V. , Akimova E.V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS,   Siberian Federal University
Published: July 2022

1929–1930 are dated as the final stage of the activity of Bureau of Local Studies (since 1929 known as Bureau Massive of Local Studies) in Krasnoyarsk. For a short period, there were created institutional and financial facilities for its work, cooperation with local studies circles were intensified, the educational and agitational campaigns were launched on the factories. Special attention was paid to the description of the natural wealth of the distinct districts (i.e. forests and fodder supply, cedar craft, extractable resources, hunting, fishing and environmental protection), folk medicine and veterinary medicine. At the same time, gradual focus shifting from real work to design instructional programs and questionaries led to formalisation of their activity, and employee-members lost their interest to researches. In March 1930 Bureau of Local Studies stopped their activity. From the beginning of 1930 the government set about increasing centralization and unification of local studies organizations, dissolution of their independence to turn local studies into powerful social and political movement to serve socialist construction under the full government and party control. There was created a graduated system of local studies organisations. So Middle Siberian Branch of Russian Geographical Society was turned into Studying of Eastern Siberia Branch in Irkutsk. Further there were created subdivisions in Turukhansk, Balakhta, Kansk and Yeniseysk. To 1937 total bureaucratization, forced focus of attention not on the science, but on the propaganda, mobbing of experienced hands down to repressions, resulted into the dissolution of local studies organizations in the country. The activity of Bureau of Local Studies is examined and analysed in details on the basis of archive materials of State Archive of the Krasnoyarsk Territory about arranging of the mass local studies in 1929–1930.
RETROSPECTIVE AND AND CURRENT STATE VILLAGES OF ABALAKOVO, YENISEI DISTRICT
Authors:   Krasnoyarsk College of Industrial Service, Konoshenko A.M. , Kirko V.I. ,   Siberian Federal University,   Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University V. P. Astafieva
Published: July 2022

The article examines the history of the village of Abalakovo in the Yenisei district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The issues of administrative - territorial division are highlighted. The source base of the work was research papers on the history of the Yenisei region. When writing the article, the materials of the State Archive of the Krasnoyarsk Territory were used. Information about the current state is taken from the Internet. The work is based on the principle of historicism and analysis of the results of research on the history of the Yenisei region, reflected in the literature. Since the late 1970s, industrial and social infrastructure facilities have been appearing in Abalakovo. In 1977, the school building was built, which is currently used for its intended purpose. Of great importance for the village was the decision to build a transshipment tank farm in Abalakovo. Currently, the village of Abalakovo is the administrative center of the Abalakovo Village Council, which includes three more villages: Ust–Tunguska, Sotnikovo and Smorodinka. Abalakovo is the largest of them. As of January 1, 2021, 1,434 people lived in the Abalakovsky rural settlement. During the three-hundred-year history of its existence, Abalakovo has remained a rural settlement. The location on important transport routes did not contribute to the enlargement of the settlement. The reasons hindering the development of the village were climatic conditions, geographical location and administrative decisions. There are not enough internal resources of the village for the development of Abalakovo. External involvement is needed. The implementation of the projects of the Yenisei Siberia KIP should contribute to the development of the Yenisei region, including the village of Abalakovo.
TO THE QUESTION OF ORIGINES AND PREVENTION OF ETHNIC AND INTERETHNIC TENSITY
Authors:   East Siberia State University of Technology and Management, Ulan-Ude, Sokolov S.M.
Published: July 2022

The Russian Federation is one of the world's largest multinational states, which retains an objective basis for the emergence of situations of interethnic tension. Prevention, elimination of the causes, sources of occurrence, prevention of such tension depends, first of all, on the national policy of the state, the corresponding activities of the media. An important role is played by education («multicultural education»), which should help the younger generation know their roots better and instill respect for other peoples and their cultural traditions.
THE FIRST TASK OF OSWALD PLICHE
Authors:   Historical Archive of the Omsk Region Omsk State Technical University, Petin D.I.
Published: July 2022

The work is an archeographic publication of a source of personal origin — the memoirs essay «The First Task», written by Osvald Yuryevich Pliche (1893–1982), an ethnic Latvian. The author of the memoirs was one of the active figures who established Soviet power in Omsk, was a participant in the Civil War in Siberia, and subsequently, until 1957, held administrative posts in various Soviet structures involved in financial, economic, diplomatic and economic work. The published source is permanently stored in the Historical Archive of the Omsk Region, in the found «Foreign Citizens — Participants of the Revolution and the Civil War». The original of the memoirs is a typewritten authorized manuscript. These notes about the episode of the revolutionary events in Omsk in December 1917 — countering the sabotage of bank employees — O.Yu. Pliche was specially prepared in 1964 at the request of researchers from the archives of the Omsk Regional Committee of the CPSU. Memoirs are distinguished by a very detailed narration and ease of presentation. The memoirs were planned for publication in one of the collections of historical journalism, which were actively published in the 1950s–1970s. But for some unknown reason, the memories were never made public. The relevance of the publication is associated with an increased interest in the ego-sources of representatives of the academic community who study the events of the Russian Revolution. The plot described in the memoirs did not find a detailed description in historiography. The principles of consistency and determinism are the theoretical basis of the study, which made it possible to analyze the source, which is considered as a manifestation of the general Soviet reflection and, at the same time, a result of the well-coordinated motivating activity of archival workers. The publication of the source is preceded by an introductory commentary by the author-publisher. The title of the article was given by the publisher. The work is aimed at a wide range of readers, primarily researchers of the Russian Revolution, the social democratic movement, the establishment of Soviet power, the participation of foreign citizens in the socio-political processes in those years.
CONTRIBUTION OF S.T. TANOV IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CULTURAL SECTOR OF THE TUVA PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC
Authors:   National Archives of the Republic of Tyva, Munge B.V.
Published: July 2022

Personal funds have cultural, historical and scientific value, significant importance for society and the state. The article presents a source-research analysis of the personal fund documents. Sedip-ool Tokpak-oolovich Tanov (1901–1985) — a prominent statesman, politician, diplomat who greatly contributed to the formation and development of the Tuva National Republic. The Archives' personal collections, preserved at the National Archives of the Tuva Republic (folio 881 l, inventory 1) presented 62 items for storage (photo-materials, newspaper articles, personal files, autobiographical memoirs, award certificates, invitations, etc.) and contain facts and events dating, referred to 1929–2014. The most complete and consistent presentation of the role in the development of Tuvinian culture and the fate of S. Tanov allows the study of documents on his scientific and organizational, socio-political, cultural and educational activities. The relevance of the research lies in the fact that the author for the first time introduces to scientific circulation of unknown facts and events from S.T. Tanov's biography. The new scientific data on his activities allow us to determine the information potential and historical significance of his personal collection, trace the impact of historical processes on the culture of the region. The information obtained can be used in the field researches of archival science, archeography, culturology, and history of the Tuva Republic. The manuscripts of Sedip-ool Tanov's personal collection, in addition to his autobiographical recollections and memoirs about people and events, contain references to the places of document storage and can be used as an archival directory.
THE PENSION SYSTEM FOR THE DISABLED DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE KRASNOYARSK REGION)
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Kovalev A.S.
Published: July 2022

The topic of pension system for disabled people during the Great Patriotic War remains poorly studied and relevant. Russian historiography considers the practice of pension payments to disabled persons in 1941-1945 as one of the directions of the state social policy of that period, while there are very few publications purposefully studying this issue. This determined the aim of the research to study the practice of pension system for veterans of the Great Patriotic War, using archival materials of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, in which a significant part of the war invalids underwent rehabilitation, to reveal the specifics of its realization on the ground. The most acceptable for the study of this issue is the concept of social exclusion, which considers the possibilities of the state to overcome the exclusion of disabled people from society, including through financial payments. At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, disabled people received pensions according to the pre-war legislation of 1940, which modifies during the war years. Pension system during the war gave a minimum level of social protection of disabled citizens. The disabled of the Patriotic War gradually turned into a privileged group of recipients of social assistance.
ETHNIC PROCESSES AMONG THE "VERKHOVSKY" NEGIDALS
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Krivonogov V.P.
Published: July 2022

In the area named after Polina Osipenko of the Khabarovsk Territory, one of the two territorial groups of the Negidals lives — the "Verkhov" Negidals (the second group — the "Niz" — live lower at the mouth of the Amgun River, on the Amur). They make up about a third of the Negidals. In the autumn of 2021, the expedition conducted a study of modern ethnic processes among the Verkhovsky Negidals in the place of their maximum concentration — the village of Vladimirovka (more than half of all the Negidals of the region live in it). A mass survey was conducted with 100% coverage, 48 questionnaires were compiled. The article deals with demographic and migration processes, linguistic and ethno-cultural processes, national mixed marriages, miscegenation of Verkhovsky Negidals.
Modeling of Correlation Optical Reflectometer with a Probing Signal in the Form of Pseudo-Random Sequences Fragments
Authors: Khrichkov V.
Published: July 2022

Traditionally, the most informative means of measuring the parameters of linear optical paths of fiberoptic communication systems is an optical time domain reflectometer with a simple probing signal. The disadvantages of such a reflectometer are known limitations on the dynamic range and resolution. To improve the listed characteristics, the paper considers the possibility of using the technology of correlation reflectometers with a probing signal in the form of fragments of pseudo-random sequences. The study carried out in this work proves the advantages of such reflectometers over traditional ones.
Some New Mathematical Models of Synthesized Sound Signals
Authors: Rogozinsky G. , Chesnokov M. , Kutlyiarova A.
Published: July 2022

Modern sound synthesis systems make it possible to implement various signal generation algorithms of higher complexity. The theory of sound synthesis actively uses the mathematical apparatus of analog and digital radio engineering and signal processing, however, it should be noted that the classical signal models used in acoustics are not adequate to real-world synthesized signals, mainly due to the significant complexity of the latter. This article presents some models of synthesized signals typical for practical use.
Postmodern Tourism Attraction in Tawangmangu SubDistrict, Indonesia: Potential and Development Strategy
Authors:   Sebelas Maret University, Setiawan Edi , Yusup Yasin ,   Universitas Sebelas Maret, Noviani Rita ,   Universitas Sebelas Maret
Published: July 2022

This research aims to describe postmodern tourism attractions, in the form of potential and suggestions for development strategies that can be done in the tourist area of Tawangmangu Sub-District. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. The case study in this study is a postmodern tourism object in Tawangmangu Sub-District, Karanganyar, Indonesia. Qualitative analysis to illustrate the attractions of postmodernism and SWOT analysis to determine usable development strategies. The results show that the potential of postmodernism tourism attractions in Tawangamangu Sub-District is a combination of natural potential in the form of atmosphere, temperature, and beauty of the location on the West Slope of Mount Lawu; and potential attractions made by developers, some of them: Sakura Hills, The Lawu Park, Sekipan Hill, New Balekambang, Kampung Halloween, and Rumah Atsiri Indonesia. Development suggestions can be done by optimizing strengths and potentials by minimizing weaknesses and threats. The situation in the postmodernism era brings diversity, one of which is diversity in the construction of tourism attractions. Postmodern tourism object has a variety of shapes and designs, accommodating patterns from inside and outside Indonesian culture. To face the development of postmodern tourism development, the active role of the community is needed to anticipate the inclusion of culture from outside that is not following Indonesian culture, and not to weaken the culture of the local community itself.
The Effect of Tourism Infrastructure Asset Quality on Tourist Satisfaction: A Case on Forest Tourism in Tasikmalaya Regency
Authors:   Politeknik Negeri Bandung, Sugiama Aceng Gima , Oktavia Husna Candranurani ,   Politeknik Negeri Bandung, Karlina Monik ,   Politeknik Negeri Bandung
Published: July 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of the quality of tourism infrastructure assets on tourist satisfaction on forest tourism in Tasikmalaya Regency including the quality of accommodation, quality of accessibility and quality of amenities. The research population is tourists who have visited the Batu Hanoman Waterfall, Batu Blek Waterfall, Candung Waterfall, and Ciparay Waterfall in Tasikmalaya Regency with a sample size of 336 respondents, applying a purposive sample. The data is processed using the Structural Equation Model (SEM). The results of this study indicate that the quality of accommodation, the quality of accessibility and the quality of amenities have a positive effect on tourist satisfaction. This means that tourism infrastructure assets, both quality of accommodation, quality of accessibility and quality of amenities can increase satisfaction for tourists. In total, the quality of amenities has the greatest influence on tourist satisfaction, followed by the quality of accessibility and quality of accommodation. Studies prove that efforts to increase tourist satisfaction can be done by improving the quality of accommodation, quality of accessibility, and quality of amenities.
Public Trust in the Effectiveness of the Covid-19 Vaccine in Liliba Village, Oebobo District, Kupang City
Authors: Aty Yoany M. V. B. , Selasa Pius , Molina Marselina Bende , Mochsen Rohana , Pupuh Nantiya , Cholsakhon Panyada
Published: July 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has continued to develop in Indonesia since the beginning of 2020. The incidence and death rates continue to increase from day to day. Various efforts were made to stop the spread of the deadly Covid-19. One way to prevent and suppress the spread of infection with the virus is to vaccinate. The role of the vaccine is to provide immunity. Many people in the city of Kupang do not believe in the effectiveness of the Covid-19 vaccine, so they do not want to be vaccinated. The objective of this study is to describe the level of public confidence in the effectiveness of the Covid-19 vaccine in Liliba Village, Oebobo District, Kupang City. The research method is quantitative with a descriptive study research design. The population is people who live in the Liliba sub-district, Oebobo district, Kupang City. The sample was 106 people who were taken using the Cluster Simple Random Sampling technique. The results showed that the level of public confidence in the susceptibility of the Covid-19 vaccine was (89.6%), the seriousness of the vaccine's effectiveness (90.6%), the benefits of the vaccine (54.7%), and the perceived barriers (88.7%). This study revealed that the level of public confidence in the effectiveness of the Covid-19 vaccine in Liliba Village, Oebobo District, Kupang City is high.
Analysis of the Readiness of Primary Health Center Nurses in Encountering Community Stigma during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Siregar Tatiana , Ratnawati Diah
Published: July 2022

The COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in public fear of transmitting infection. Nurses in dealing with the COVID-19 outbreak also obtained stigmatized due to discrimination received by COVID-19 sufferers. The objective of the study is to identify the dominant factor to determine the occurrence of stigma experienced by nurses when caring for COVID-19 patients. The research design was qualitative and quantitative, with a sample of 121 Primary Health Center nurses who were performed by convenience sampling. Data analysis with Multiple Linear Regression presented that overall, there was a significant correlation between knowledge in preventing COVID-19, Personal Ability and Organizational Ability to stigma from society experienced by nurses with ANOVA or F test results (229.427) with p = 0.000. Morever, there is a strong and significant relationship between knowledge, self-efficacy and organizational ability to community stigma (R Square = 0.964). The dominant factor that affects stigma as seen from the t-test is self-ability = 14,828 (p=0.001) followed by organizational ability= -8,790 (0.001) and knowledge = 5.050 (p=0.001). It was concluded that the limitations of human resources and special infrastructure for people with COVID-19 were the trigger for the occurrence of stigma. It is hoped that the maintenance of well-being among health workers is at the forefront by beginning at the policy-making level to offer enhanced support for health workers who play a critical role during large-scale disease outbreaks. The psychological implications are mostly negative and urgently need greater attention to be mitigated, potentially through the involvement of psychologists, given better awareness and education. It is expected that further researchers can explore the phenomenon of the experience of nurses who suffer from COVID-19 in dealing with the stigma that occurs to them.
Anthropocentrism, Ecocentrism and Hunter-Gatherer Societies: A Strong Structurationist Approach to Values and Environmental Change
Authors: Samways David
Published: July 2022

Anthropocentrism has been proposed as the underlying cause of modern society's environmental impact. Concomitantly, hunter-gatherers’ orientation towards nature is connected with minimal environmental change or conservation, and seen as validating the idea that ‘what people do about their ecology depends upon what they think about themselves in relation to things around them’ (White 1967: 1205). Here it is argued that the notion that orientation towards nature is instrumental in environmental impact in any generalisable way has little empirical support and, most importantly, is under-theorised and conceptually flawed. Employing a strong structurationist approach, it is shown that the tendency to abstract particular values from their social and environmental context must be resisted and that a deeper conception of the ‘inner lives’ of agents is required. Such an approach is more expansive and engages with a range of other motives as well as the unintended environmental consequences of actions.
The Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis 2.0: On the Possibility of Once-in-a-Lifetime-Only Treatment for Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease and for Its Potential Cure at Symptomatic Stages
Authors: Volloch Vladimir , Rits-Volloch Sophia
Published: July 2022

We posit that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is driven by amyloid-β (Aβ) generated in the amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) independent pathway activated by AβPP-derived Aβ accumulated intraneuronally in a life-long process. This interpretation constitutes the Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis 2.0 (ACH2.0). It defines a tandem intraneuronal-Aβ ( iAβ)-anchored cascade occurrence: intraneuronally-accumulated, AβPP-derived iAβ triggers relatively benign cascade that activates the AβPP-independent iAβ-generating pathway, which, in turn, initiates the second, devastating cascade that includes tau pathology and leads to neuronal loss. The entire output of the AβPP-independent iAβ-generating pathway is retained intraneuronally and perpetuates the pathway’s operation. This process constitutes a self-propagating, autonomous engine that drives AD and ultimately kills its host cells. Once activated, the AD Engine is self-reliant and independent from Aβ production in the AβPP proteolytic pathway; operation of the former renders the latter irrelevant to the progression of AD by relegating its iAβ contribution to insignificant, and brands its manipulation for therapeutic purposes, such as BACE (beta-site AβPP-cleaving enzyme) inhibition, as futile. In the proposed AD paradigm, the only valid direct therapeutic strategy is targeting the engine’s components, and the most effective feasible approach appears to be the activation of BACE1 and/or of its homolog BACE2, with the aim of exploiting their Aβ-cleaving activities. Such treatment would collapse the iAβ population and ‘reset’ its levels below those required for the operation of the AD Engine. Any sufficiently selective iAβ-depleting treatment would be equally effective. Remarkably, this approach opens the possibility of a short-duration, once-in-a-lifetime-only or very infrequent, preventive or curative therapy for AD; this therapy would be also effective for prevention and treatment of the ‘common’ pervasive aging-associated cognitive decline. The ACH2.0 clarifies all ACH-unresolved inconsistencies, explains the widespread ‘resilience to AD’ phenomenon, predicts occurrences of a category of AD-afflicted individuals without excessive Aβ plaque load and of a novel type of familial insusceptibility to AD; it also predicts the lifespan-dependent inevitability of AD in humans if untreated preventively. The article details strategy and methodology to generate an adequate AD model and validate the hypothesis; the proposed AD model may also serve as a research and drug development platform.
Hand Preference in Children’s Referential Gestures During Storytelling: Testing for Effects of Bilingualism, Language Ability, Age, and Sex
Authors: Nicoladis Elena , Gourlay Haylee
Published: July 2022

Adults, preschool children, and infants gesture more with their right hand than with their left hand. Since gestures and speech are related in production, it is possible that this right-hand preference reflects left-hemisphere lateralization for gestures and speech. The primary purpose of the present study was to test if children between the ages of 6 and 10 years show a right-hand preference in referential gestures while telling a story. We also tested four predictors of children’s degree of right-hand preference: 1) bilingualism, 2) language proficiency, 3) age, and 4) sex. Previous studies have shown that these variables are related to the degree of speech lateralization. Twenty-five English monolingual (17 girls; Mage = 8.0, SDage = 1.4), 21 French monolingual (12 girls; Mage = 7.3, SDage = 1.4,) and 25 French-English bilingual (11 girls; Mage = 8.5, SDage = 1.4) children watched a cartoon and told the story back. The bilinguals did this once in each language. The referential gestures were coded for handedness. Most of the participants showed a right-hand preference for gesturing. In English, none of the predictor variables was clearly related to right-hand preference. In French, the monolinguals showed a stronger right-hand preference than the bilinguals. These inconsistent findings across languages raise doubts as to whether the right-hand preference is linked to lateralization for speech.
Toroidal expansion based modeling and analysis of spherical motor with stepped cylindrical permanent magnets
Authors: Zhou Sili , Li Guoli , Wang Qunjing , Qian Zhe , Ye Qiubo , Xu Jiazi , Gao Shihao
Published: July 2022

A permanent magnet spherical motor (PMSpM) is a representative multiple degree-of-freedom electric apparatus. This paper proposes new analytical models for the PMSpM with stepped cylindrical permanent magnets (PMs). The research is not only to obtain the magnetic field and torque models of the PMSpM but also to yield a potential analytic tool for the spatial magnetic field and torque decomposition. The model decomposition aims to acquire a potential tool for the future research on PMSpM topology optimization and working mechanism. To achieve the two research targets above, the toroidal expansion method is used for magnetic field modeling, and the finite element method verification and experimental verification are conducted. Then, forces and torques are deduced from the Lorentz force law. In addition, a prototype PMSpM has been produced and the comparison studies of the air-gap flux density and torque among decomposed components are conducted using finite element analysis results and experimental results. It is concluded that the proposed analytical PMSpM models and the model decomposition method are proved.
β-catenin plus PROX1 immunostaining stratifies disease progression and patient survival in neoadjuvant-treated pancreatic cancer
Authors: Eurola Annika , Ristimäki Ari , Mustonen Harri , Nurmi Anna-Maria , Hagström Jaana , Kallio Pauliina , Alitalo Kari , Haglund Caj , Seppänen Hanna
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:

Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a highly conserved signaling pathway that regulates the transcription factor PROX1. The role of β-catenin and PROX1 in pancreatic cancer is ambiguous, as some studies have associated their expression with tumor regression and some with tumor progression.

OBJECTIVE:

We have investigated their expression in surgically treated pancreatic cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy (NAT), and patients treated upfront with surgery (US). We furthermore compared the expression of β-catenin and PROX1 between patients who had a good or poor response to NAT.

METHODS:

We evaluated β-catenin and PROX1 expression through immunohistochemistry in 88 neoadjuvant and 144 upfront surgery patients by scoring the intensity of the immunopositivity as 0–3, corresponding to negative, weak, moderate, or strong. We developed a six-tier grading scheme for the neoadjuvant responses by analyzing the remaining tumor cells in surgical specimen histological sections.

RESULTS:

Strong β-catenin immunopositivity associated with improved survival in the patients with good NAT-response (≤10% residual tumor cells) (Hazard ratio [HR] 0.26 95%, confidence interval [CI] 0.07–0.88 p = 0.030). Additionally, the combined moderate β-catenin and PROX1 expression associated with improved survival (HR 0.20 95% CI 0.05–0–76 p = 0.018) among the good responders. Among the patients with a poor NAT-response (> 10% residual tumor cells), both strong β-catenin immunopositivity and strong combined β-catenin and PROX1 associated with shorter survival (HR 2.03 95% CI 1.16–3.55 p = 0.013, and HR 3.1 95% CI 1.08–8.94 p = 0.03, respectively). PROX1 alone was not associated with survival.

CONCLUSIONS:

Strong β-catenin immunopositivity and combined strong or moderate β-catenin and PROX1 immunopositivity associated with improved survival among the good NAT-responders and worse survival among the poor NAT-responders.