bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Praziquantel Distribution on the Epidemiology of Paragonimiasis Among School-Aged Children: A Cross Sectional Study in the Most Endemic Focus in Cameroon
Authors: Cheuyem Fabrice Zobel Lekeumo , Toubue Jean-Brice Fomeni , Mutarambirwa Henri Donald , Ndibo Guy Roger Pilo
Published: November 2024

Background

Paragonimiasis is a parasitic disease affecting humans and other mammals, caused by infestation with lung flukes of the genusParagonimus. The peri-urban area of Kumba is co-endemic for paragonimiasis and schistosomiasis. The National Schistosomiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis Control Program distributes praziquantel annually for schistosomiasis control. The primary objective of this study was to describe the shellfish cooking habits among schoolchildren and to assess the impact of praziquantel mass distribution on the paragonimiasis burden in the most endemic focus in Cameroon.

Methods

We carried out a cross-sectional descriptive study from November 2013 to March 2014. Pupils of five government primary schools in five villages around Kumba underwent both clinical and parasitological investigations in search of signs and symptoms of paragonimiasis. The Chi square and Fisher exact tests were used to compared proportions.p-values<0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

We recruited 175 children, comprising 96 females and 79 males, with a sex ratio (F/M) of 1.2. Their ages ranged from 5 to 15 years, with a mean age of 10 ± 3.74 years. The age group 6-10 years was the most represented. All participants reported consuming crabs. The prevalence of paragonimiasis among the school children was 0.57% (95% CI: 0.0143%-3.143%). This result was statistically significantly lower than that of the last study conducted ten years prior, which used the same diagnostic method in this area (12.3%). Slightly more than half of the students (58.9%) reported preparing their crabs by boiling, and two-thirds (69%) estimated the cooking time to be more than 30 minutes. More than two-thirds (78%) of the children who estimated the cooking time to be more than 30 minutes consumed shrimp with their family. Pulmonary symptoms were the most common, with cough being the most prevalent. Notably, we did not register any cases of hemoptysis. Coinfections were also found in the population studied.

Conclusions

The prevalence of paragonimiasis has decreased in this focus, known to be the most endemic for this disease in Cameroon. This is due to the large distribution of praziquantel in this area and probably to changes from unhealthy cooking habits to healthier ones.
Benchmarking concentration and direct extraction methods for wastewater-based surveillance of eight human respiratory viruses: implications for rapid application to novel pathogens
Authors: Wang Audrey Liwen , Jiang Minxi , Nguyen Allie , Kane Staci R. , Borucki Monica K. , Kantor Rose S. , Nelson Kara L.
Published: November 2024

Wastewater monitoring is rapidly expanding to provide surveillance for a growing number of epidemic and endemic pathogens. To provide early warning and support rapid response to a novel virus through wastewater surveillance, it would be ideal to understand in advance which concentration and extraction methods are likely to be effective for dPCR-based methods, depending on virus characteristics. In this study, we spiked wastewater samples with eight human respiratory viruses and processed them with four commercial methods that concentrate and/or extract nucleic acids from both liquid and solid fractions (Promega, Nanotrap, InnovaPrep), or only the solid fraction of wastewater (Solids). Our findings provide encouraging evidence that all four concentration/extraction methods combined with dPCR could detect an emerging virus in wastewater, although they differed in sensitivity. The pattern of recovery efficiency for adenoviruses, coronaviruses, and influenza A viruses was consistent across methods, while distinct patterns were observed for coxsackieviruses. Promega produced higher median recovery efficiencies based on dPCR for all viruses except for coxsackieviruses, even though it had the highest dPCR inhibition. We suggest caution in applying Nanotrap to new targets, based on the low recovery of coxsackievirus B5 compared to the other viruses. We also quantified the endogenous indicators PMMoV and Carjivirus (formerly crAssphage), illustrating how normalization could either improve or worsen the comparison of virus concentrations measured by different methods. These findings can guide the selection of concentration and extraction methods for wastewater monitoring based on the properties of target viruses, thus enhancing pandemic preparedness.

Synopsis Statement

Benchmarking scalable concentration and extraction methods on respiratory viruses with diverse properties facilitates the rapid application of wastewater-based surveillance to emerging viruses.
Decontaminating genomic data for accurate species delineation and hybrid detection in theLasiusant genus
Authors: Jecha Kristine , Lavanchy Guillaume , Schwander Tanja
Published: November 2024

Species identification and delineation by molecular methods has become a widely used technique and has revealed hybrids between species previously believed to be completely reproductively isolated. However, the application of molecular methods is associated with a risk of DNA contamination, which can result in the identification of false hybrids and generate inaccurate conclusions about the species’ identities and characteristics. Here, we generate and analyze a dataset of nuclear SNP data and mitochondrial DNA sequences from over 1,000Lasiusants to accurately investigate the species delineation and hybridization proclivity within the genus. We describe an approach, based on a combination of competitive mapping and allelic depth ratio analysis, that allows us to identify DNA contaminations and filter them from large-scale datasets. By applying this approach to theLasiusants, we are able to remove interspecific contamination, and to clearly delineate each species genetically as well as identify a hybrid individual betweenL. emarginatusandL. platythorax.

Significance

Next-generation sequencing enables large-scale studies of population structure, species delineation, and introgression for a wide range of taxa. However, the potential for cross- contamination during sample preparation is rarely considered, despite potential major impacts on the conclusions. Here, we develop a new decontamination pipeline and apply it to a large- scale genotyping dataset to study species delineation and hybridization in the ant genusLasius. We find only one hybrid in a thousand individuals, a very different picture from the contaminated dataset. Testing for and removing contamination should be part of every population genomics study.
A Portable and Scalable Genomic Analysis Pipeline forStreptococcus pneumoniaeSurveillance: GPS Pipeline
Authors: Hung Harry C. H. , Kumar Narender , Dyster Victoria , Yeats Corin , Metcalf Benjamin , Li Yuan , Hawkins Paulina A. , McGee Lesley , Bentley Stephen D. , Lo Stephanie W.
Published: November 2024

Ever increasing global sequencing capacity provides an unprecedented opportunity in utilising genomic information captured from whole-genome sequencing to enhance pathogen surveillance. However, there is a growing need for developing user-friendly tools to effectively analyse the increasing volume of data. To meet this need, we have developed a genomic analysis pipeline, GPS Pipeline, which is portable and scalable to analyse genomes ofStreptococcus pneumoniae, a major bacterial pathogen that is estimated to cause 317,000 child deaths worldwide every year. The GPS Pipeline is based on Nextflow and containerisation technology, and designed to enable researchers generating public health relevant output, includingin silicoserotypes, pneumococcal lineages (i.e. GPSCs), multilocus sequence types, and antimicrobial susceptibilities against 20 commonly used antibiotics,with minimal software setup requirements and bioinformatic expertise, in order to analyse genomic data at scale with ease. The GPS Pipeline provides a streamlined workflow that improves responsiveness in genomic surveillance on pneumococci.

Data Summary

The GPS Pipeline is available on GitHub atgithub.com/GlobalPneumoSeq/gps-pipeline. Published data from the GPS Database is available on Monocle Data Viewer atdata.monocle.sanger.ac.ukand associated sequence read files are searchable and downloadable in the European Nucleotide Archive atebi.ac.uk/enavia their ERR accession numbers.

Impact Statement

The GPS Pipeline advances global genomic surveillance ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeby providing a scalable, portable, and user-friendly tool for analysing whole-genome sequencing data. Leveraging Nextflow and containerisation technology, it minimises bioinformatics expertise requirements and infrastructure needs, making it particularly valuable in low- and middle-income countries where pneumococcal disease burden is high. This pipeline ensures reproducibility and stability across platforms, facilitating rapid and accurate pneumococci genomic analysis. By streamlining data processing, the GPS Pipeline enhances pathogen surveillance, generates evidence to support vaccine strategy development, and empowers researchers worldwide, ultimately contributing to improved public health outcomes.
Postoperative Chemoradiotherapy causes Less Fibrosis and Better Anorectal Function compared with preoperative: A retrospective study in Rectal Cancer
Authors: Zhang Ming , Li Shuai , Yu Guan Yu , Zhou Le Qi , Lu Hai Di , Gong Hai Feng , Liu Lian Jie , Lou Zheng , Hao Li Qiang , Shen Fu , Gao Xian Hua , Zhang Wei , Yu Yue
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy has been widely used to improve patient outcomes due to locally advanced rectal cancer. The differential degree of pelvic fibrosis and anorectal function after preoperative or postoperative chemoradiotherapy has not been studied previously.

METHODS

Data of patients who received chemoradiotherapy and radical resection of rectal cancer in our hospital from January 2000 to Aug 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Anastomotic fibrosis scores and perirectal fibrosis scores based on magnetic resonance imaging findings were used to evaluate the extent of fibrosis one year postoperatively. The overall level of anorectal function and percentage of patients eligible for ileostomy reversal were assessed two years postoperatively.

RESULTS

1331 patients were finally included, with 522 and 809 patients in in the preoperative and postoperative chemoradiotherapy groups, respectively. The postoperative chemoradiotherapy group had a higher percentage of patients undergoing ileostomy reversal and had lower anastomotic fibrosis scores, perirectal fibrosis scores, Wexner scores, and percentage of patients with temporary ileostomy than the preoperative group; this difference persisted after propensity score matching. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that the timing of chemoradiotherapy was an independent predictor of the anastomotic fibrosis score, perirectal fibrosis score, percentage of patients with temporary ileostomy, and percentage of patients eligible for ileostomy reversal.

CONCLUSIONS

Postoperative chemoradiotherapy is associated with less pelvic fibrosis and better anorectal function than preoperative chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.
A Large-Scale Foundation Model for RNA Function and Structure Prediction
Authors: Zou Shuxian , Tao Tianhua , Mahbub Sazan , Ellington Caleb N. , Algayres Robin , Li Dian , Zhuang Yonghao , Wang Hongyi , Song Le , Xing Eric P.
Published: November 2024

Originally marginalized as an intermediate in the information flow from DNA to protein, RNA has become the star of modern biology, holding the key to precision therapeutics, genetic engineering, evolutionary origins, and our understanding of fundamental cellular processes. Yet RNA is as mysterious as it is prolific, serving as an information store, a messenger, and a catalyst, spanning many underchar-acterized functional and structural classes. Deciphering the language of RNA is important not only for a mechanistic understanding of its biological functions but also for accelerating drug design. Toward this goal, we introduce AIDO.RNA, a pre-trained module for RNA in an AI-driven Digital Organism [1]. AIDO.RNA contains a scale of 1.6 billion parameters, trained on 42 million non-coding RNA (ncRNA) sequences at single-nucleotide resolution, and it achieves state-of-the-art performance on a comprehensive set of tasks, including structure prediction, genetic regulation, molecular function across species, and RNA sequence design. AIDO.RNA after domain adaptation learns to model essential parts of protein translation that protein language models, which have received widespread attention in recent years, do not. More broadly, AIDO.RNA hints at the generality of biological sequence modeling and the ability to leverage the central dogma to improve many biomolecular representations. Models and code are available through ModelGenerator inhttps://github.com/genbio-ai/AIDOand onHugging Face.
A wide diversity of viruses detected in African mammals involved in the wild meat supply chain
Authors: Geraerts Mare , Gombeer Sophie , Nebesse Casimir , Akaibe Douglas , Akaibe Dudu , Baelo Pascal , Chaber Anne-Lise , Gembu Guy-Crispin , Gaubert Philippe , Joffrin Léa , Laudisoit Anne , Laurent Nicolas , Leirs Herwig , Mande Claude , Mariën Joachim , Ngoy Steve , Těšíková Jana , Vanderheyden Ann , van Vredendaal Rianne , Verheyen Erik , Gryseels Sophie
Published: November 2024

The processes involved in acquiring, trading, preparing, and consuming wild meat pose significant risks for the emergence of zoonotic infectious diseases. Several major viral outbreaks have been directly linked to the wild meat supply chain, yet our knowledge of the virome in many mammals involved in this chain remains limited and disproportionately focused on certain mammalian taxa and pathogens.

This report presents the findings of a metagenomic viral screening of 99 specimens belonging to 27 wild African mammal species and one domesticated species, all traded for their meat. The study focuses on tissue and swab samples collected from various regions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and in Brussels, Belgium.

A total of fifteen virus strains were detected, belonging to the familiesArteriviridae,RetroviridaeandSedoreoviridae(primates),Picobirnaviridae(primates and rodents),Picornaviridae(rodents),Hepadnaviridae(hyrax),Orthoherpesviridae(artiodactylid and carnivore) andSpinareoviridae(carnivore). Several strains were detected in mammalian hosts for the first time, expanding their host range and genetic diversity. Of note is the presence of viruses genetically related to recognised zoonotic pathogens, i.e., human picobirnavirus (Orthopicobirnavirus hominis) (primates and rodents), simian foamy viruses (Simiispumavirus) (primates), and rotavirus A (Rotavirus alphagastroenteritidis) (primates). The presence of these viruses in primates is concerning as non-human primates are phylogenetically closely related to humans, which can facilitate interspecies viral transmission. These findings underscore the high diversity of mammalian viruses and the potential risk of human infection through cross-species transmission during the close interactions with wildlife in the wild meat supply chain.
Advanced human cerebral organoids as a model for investigating glioma stem cell interactions with microglia and vascular cells and response to radiotherapy
Authors: Raguin Jérémy , Kortulewski Thierry , Bergiers Oriane , Granotier-Beckers Christine , Chatrousse Laure , Benchoua Alexandra , Gauthier Laurent R. , Boussin François D. , Mouthon Marc-André
Published: November 2024

The recent development of human brain organoids from induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) enables the modeling of brain biology and pathophysiology, such as gliomas. However, most models lack vascular and/or immune systems, both of which play essential roles in maintaining brain health and in pathophysiological mechanisms. We have established a new method for generating vascularized complex cerebral organoids (CCOs) containing microglial cells (brain-resident macrophages) by incorporating bipotent hematopoietic/endothelial progenitors derived from the same IPSC lines during the early stages of development. This approach led to the formation of extensive vascular-like structures with blood-brain barrier characteristics, which were perfused upon transplantation into immunodeficient mice. Additionally, microglial cells exhibiting typical phenotypes and functionalities also developed within the CCOs. By coculturing CCOs with glioma stem cells, we demonstrated that this model effectively recapitulates the tumor niche of glioblastoma, showing vascular co-option, reprogramming of microglia into tumor-associated macrophages, and recurrence after radiotherapy. In conclusion, our vascularized and immunocompetent CCO model will be invaluable for understanding human brain development, exploring how this process is disrupted in diseases like gliomas, and discovering new therapeutic strategies.
Performance evaluation of structural variation detection using DNBSEQ whole-genome sequencing
Authors: Rao Junhua , Luo Huijuan , An Dan , Liang Xinming , Peng Lihua , Chen Fang
Published: November 2024

DNBSEQ platforms have been widely used for variation detection, including single-nucleotide variants and short insertions and deletions, comparable to Illumina. However, the performance of structural variations (SVs) detection using DNBSEQ platforms remains unclear. We assessed SV detection using 40 tools on eight DNBSEQ and two Illumina NA12878 whole-genome sequencing datasets. We confirmed that the performance of SV detection on DNBSEQ and Illumina platforms is consistent when using the same tools, with high consistency in metrics of number, size, precision, and sensitivity. Furthermore, we integrated representative SV sets for both DNBSEQ (4,785 SVs) and Illumina (6,797 SVs) platforms. We found high consistency between the DNBSEQ and Illumina SV sets in terms of genomic characteristics, including repetitive regions, GC distribution, difficult-to-sequence regions, and gene features, indicating the value of both platforms in understanding repetitive regions and the genomic context of SVs. Our study provides a benchmark resource for further studies of SVs using DNBSEQ platforms.
Genetic Evidence for Soluble VEGFR2 as a Protective Factor Against Macular Pucker
Authors: Gao Qi , Guo Jinglong
Published: November 2024

Background: Identifying factors that protect against macular pucker (MP) is crucial for developing effective treatments. We hypothesize that soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (sVEGFR2), a decoy receptor for VEGF signaling, may provide such protection. Methods: We performed a genome-wide association (GWAS) meta-analysis on three independent studies of sVEGFR2 protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL), which was used to identify novel variants and select variants strongly associated with sVEGFR2 levels. We investigated the association between sVEGFR2 levels and the risk of MP using cis-Mendelian Randomization (cis-MR) and Bayesian colocalization. We also used the UKB-PPP study of sVEGFR2 pQTL, which used a different method for measuring plasma protein, to validate the results from cis-MR and colocalization. Results: GWAS meta-analysis identified four novel variants associated with sVEGFR2 levels, rs9411335 (MED27), rs6992534 (ERI1), rs11893824 (LIMS2), and rs7678559 (PCDH7). Cis MR analysis suggested that higher levels of sVEGFR2, genetically predicted using the meta analysis dataset, were associated with a lower risk of MP (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.77-0.95, P = 4.6 x 10-3). Colocalization supported shared genetic variants in the VEGFR2 gene region between sVEGFR2 and MP (PPH4 = 0.92). Using sVEGFR2 pQTL from UKB-PPP study, sVEGFR2's inverse association with MP was validated by cis-MR (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.78-0.96, P = 4.4 x 10 3) and colocalization (PPH4 = 0.95). Sensitivity analyses showed no evidence of pleiotropy or reverse causality, though some heterogeneity was found. Conclusions: Our study suggested that sVEGFR2 has a protective effect against MP and could be a potential therapeutic target. Further research is necessary to elucidate its protective mechanisms and validate its translational implications.
Branched DNA Processing by a Thermostable CAS-Cas4 fromThermococcus onnurineus: Expanding Biochemical Landscape of Nuclease Activity
Authors: Jain Muskan , Pattnayak Asish Kumar , Aggarwal Sakshi , Rai Praveen , Kavya J , Chandrayan Sanjeev , Goel Manisha , Gaur Vineet
Published: November 2024

The adaptive immune function of CRISPR-Cas systems in bacteria and archaea is mediated throughCRISPR-Associated Proteins (Cas). The adaptation module, typically involving Cas1, Cas2, and Cas4, helps integrate viral “spacer” sequences into the host genome. Cas4 proteins are classified into two types based on neighboring genes: CAS-Cas4, flanked by othercasgenes, and Solo-Cas4, which exist independently. While CAS-Cas4 proteins are implicated in adaptation, they remain biochemically uncharacterized in archaea, unlike archaeal Solo-Cas4 proteins. This study biochemically characterizes TON_0321, a CAS-Cas4 protein from the Type IV-C CRISPR cassette ofThermococcus onnurineus. TON_0321 exhibits 5′ to 3′ exonuclease activity and unique structure-dependent endonuclease activity, shedding light on CAS-Cas4 functional diversity. A distinct spatial organization of the catalytic site, angled with the positively charged patch on the protein surface, enables TON_0321 to recognize branching points in DNA substrates. Furthermore, this spatial arrangement facilitates cleavage 2 to 3 nucleotides away from the branch point in the 5′ direction, demonstrating structure-specific endonuclease activity.
Anatomical and functional examination of superior colliculus projections to the inferior olivary neurons in mice
Authors: David Deviana , Nusselder Hugo , Uusisaari Marylka Yoe
Published: November 2024

The Inferior olive (IO) is an important region for motor learning and movement coordination. Its climbing fibers projection to the Purkinje neurons in the cerebellar cortex is a sole source of the complex spikes, characterized by a strong depolarization in the Purkinje neuron’s dendrites. To generate spikes, the IO relies on inputs from various regions of the brain, including the superior colliculus (SC), a midbrain structure known for its role in orienting behaviors.

This study investigates SC projections to the IO using viral tracers, calcium imaging, and optogenetic stimulation. We reveal that, in addition to the known projections to the medial accessory olive (MAO), SC axons also project to the ventral principal olive (PO). Despite projecting to different parts of the IO, SC-MAO and SC-PO neurons are intermingled within the lateral part of the SC with similar gross morphology. We show that SC axons terminate on both dendritic shafts and spines of IO neurons, potentially influencing not only spiking probability, but also the network synchronization mediated by gap junctions coupling on the dendritic spines.

As a proof of principle, we recorded the in-vivo activity of neurons in ventral PO using calcium indicators and show that optogenetic activation of SC inputs can evoke spiking and enhance synchronization in IO neurons.
Engineering cell fate with adaptive feedback control
Authors: Britto Bisso Frank , Giordano Giulia , Cuba Samaniego Christian
Published: November 2024

Engineering cell fate is fundamental for optimizing stem cell-based therapies aimed at replacing cells in patients suffering from trauma or disease. By timely administering molecular regulators - such as transcription factors, RNAs, or small molecules - in a process that mimics in vivo embryonic development, stem cell differentiation can be guided toward a specific cell fate. A significant challenge in scaling up these therapies is that such differentiation strategies often result in mixed cellular populations. While synthetic biology approaches have been proposed to increase the yield of desired cell types, designing gene circuits that effectively redirect cell fate decisions requires mechanistic insight into the dynamics of endogenous regulatory networks that govern decision-making. In this work, we present a biomolecular adaptive controller based on an Incoherent Feedforward Loop (IFFL)-like topology designed to favor a specific cell fate. This controller requires minimal knowledge of the endogenous network as it exhibits adaptive, non-reference-based behavior. The synthetic circuit operates through a sequestration mechanism and a delay introduced by an intermediate species, producing an output that asymptotically approximates a discrete temporal derivative of its input, provided there is a sufficiently fast sequestration rate. By allowing the controller to actuate over a target species involved in the decision-making process, a tunable, synthetic bias is created that favors the production of the desired species with minimal alteration to the overall equilibrium landscape of the endogenous network. Through theoretical and computational analysis, we provide design guidelines for the controller's optimal operation, evaluate its performance under parametric perturbations, and extend its applicability to various examples of common multistable systems in biology.
Pleasant smells: a privileged gateway to soothing autonomic responses and improving brain-body rhythm coupling
Authors: Ghibaudo Valentin , Turrel Matthias , Granget Jules , Garcia Samuel , Plailly Jane , Buonviso Nathalie
Published: November 2024

Aromatherapy commonly uses odors to improve well-being through their evocation of positive emotions. Although knowledge in this area is often very empirical, the olfactory stimulus has different properties which, taken together, could explain why it can relax. First, olfactory sense have a direct access to the limbic system, without thalamic relay processing, which confers it a strong emotional valence. Second, when appreciated, odors can slow down breathing and cardiac rates. Third, when slow and deep, breathing can entrain brain activity, due to the mechano-sensitivity of olfactory receptors to airflows. We hypothesized that, thanks to these properties, pleasant odors could enhance the subjective feeling of relaxation, slow down body rhythms, and facilitate entrainment of brain activity by respiration. Comparing the effects of a personally pleasant odor to a personally pleasant music on psychological, physiological and neuronal responses, we showed a tendency for both odors and music to enhance subjective relaxation. However, only pleasant odors were able to 1) decrease heart rate while increasing its variability, and 2) decrease respiratory rate while enhancing the respiratory drive of brain activities, regardless of the music tempo. Overall, we demonstrated that the positive emotion evoked by a personally pleasant smell is sufficient to evoke an olfactomotor response, which, by slowing breathing, synchronizes respiration, fluctuations of heart rate and brain activity.
Neural evidence for action-related somatosensory predictions
Authors: Moran Caoimhe , Hogendoorn Hinze , Landau Ayelet N.
Published: November 2024

The tactile consequences of self-initiated movements are thought to be predicted by a forward model, yet the precise neural implementation of these predictions remains unclear. In non- motor contexts, expectations are thought to activate sensory neurons tuned towards the expected stimulus. This acts as a predictive template against which afferent sensory input is compared. It is unclear whether forward model predictions have a similar neural instantiation. Here we employed time-resolved multivariate decoding on human electroencephalography (EEG) during self-generated movements to examine the content of predictive neural activity. Human participants performed index finger movements which were predictably paired with a vibration to either the index or ring finger of the opposite, passive hand. On some trials the tactile stimulus was unexpectedly omitted. Results revealed above-chance finger decoding in the pre-movement period supporting a predictive representation of expected stimulation location. As the movement approached, this predictive activity became similar to late-stage processing of a physical tactile stimulus. On omission trials, we found that despite the absence of afferent input, finger location could be decoded ∼120 ms after expected stimulus onset. This shows a stimulus-specific omission response. Together these findings indicate that self-generated movement pre-activates neurons tuned towards expected tactile consequences.
Semi-automated navigation for efficient targeting of electron tomography to regions of interest in volume correlative light and electron microscopy
Authors: Konishi Kohki , Neves Guilherme , Russell Matthew , Mimura Masafumi , Burrone Juan , Fleck Roland
Published: November 2024

Electron microscopy is essential for the quantitative study of synaptic ultrastructure. At present, the correlation of functional and structural properties of the same synapse is extremely challenging. We introduce a novel integrated workflow designed to simplify sample navigation across spatial scales, allowing the identification of individual synapses from optical microscopy mouse brain image stacks that can be targeted for analysis using electron tomography imaging. We developed a software which has a function to register multimodal images using a novel segmentation-based image registration algorithm as well as a function to visualize all the registration results. Using our newly designed software we streamline mapping of high-resolution optical imaging onto reference maps using blood vessels as endogenous fiducial marks. Further we demonstrate significant improvements on the ultramicrotomy stage of volume Correlative Light and Electron Microscopy (vCLEM) workflows, providing real time guidance to targeted trimming to match previously acquired Regions Of Interest (ROIs), and reliable estimates of cutting depth relative to ROI, based on fluorescence imaging of TEM ready ultrathin sections. Using this workflow, we successfully targeted TEM tomography to the proximal axonal region containing the Axon Initial Segment identified using fluorescent light microscopy.
Revealing the Complexity of the Epicardial Secretome: Characterization and Functional Assessment of Epicardium-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Matrix
Authors: Oliveira Cláudia C. , Córdoba José , Pearson John R. , Guruceaga Elizabeth , Marín-Sedeño Ernesto , García-Caballero Melissa , Guadix Juan Antonio , Pérez-Pomares José M. , Ruiz-Villalba Adrián
Published: November 2024

Aim

The epicardium, an epithelial layer covering the heart, plays pivotal roles in embryonic heart development and responses to cardiac damage. Epicardial secreted molecular agents are known to be involved in the regulation of these phenomena, but how this regulation occurs is poorly understood. In this study, we have investigated extracellular vesicle (EV) and extracellular matrix (ECM) components of epicardial secretions using a continuous mouse embryonic epicardial-derived cell (EPIC) line.

Methods and results

Epicardial-derived EVs were isolated using differential ultracentrifugation from EPIC cultured at 1% (EVs-H1%), 5% (EVs-H5%), and 21% oxygen (EVs-N). EVs protein content was determined by tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomic analysis. The results showed that epicardial-derived EVs cargo is sensitive to the oxygen level of their parenteral cells, increasing their content on glycolytic proteins. Moreover, hypoxic-derived EVs were found to both increase EPIC proliferation and affect the metabolism of Primary Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs).

On the other hand, epicardial-derived extracellular matrix (EPIC-ECM) was characterized by subjecting decellularized EPIC to shotgun proteomics and comparing it to decellularized perinatal hearts and Matrigel®. We found that EPIC-ECM composition closely resembles that of embryonic cardiac tissue. Although the structural and basement membrane-associated proteins of EPIC-ECM were similar to those found in Matrigel®®, EPIC-ECM exhibited higher protein diversity and was a more potent inducer of HUVEC proliferation.

Conclusion

This work represents the first comprehensive and systematic proteomic analysis of two important components of the epicardial-derived secretome. Our experiments reveal that the epicardium responds to hypoxia by secreting EVs capable of modifying the metabolic responses of surrounding cells. Furthermore, EPIC-ECM promotes endothelial cell proliferation. These findings demonstrate the significant signaling abilities of the epicardial secretome, consistent with reports of endothelial responses following cardiac ischemic damage.
4-Methyllumifrone (4-MU) can improve learning and memory after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Tamouk Shaghayegh , Jahangiri Hamzeh Mirshekari , Jahromi Elham Kashafi , Hamblin Michael R , Ramezani Fatemeh , Aboutaleb Nahid
Published: November 2024

Background

Stroke is the sixth leading cause of death and lifelong disability for millions of people in the United States. Cerebral ischemia leads to oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, inflammation, apoptosis; additionally, impairments in memory and learning occur in the majority of subjects with ischemic stroke. The lack of definitive treatment has sparked extensive research into novel therapeutic strategies, including the use of 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), a coumarin derivative with potential neuroprotective properties. The present study examines the impact of 4-MU on reducing cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and learning and memory impairments in male Wistar rats.

Method

The animals were exposed to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and were treated with one dose of 4-MU (at a dosage of 25 mg/kg) dissolved in DMSO 0.9%. Automated shuttle box and Morris water maze (MWM) test were employed to evaluate learning and memory impairments. Western blot assay, TTC staining and Nissl staining were used to measure protein expression, infarct volume, and cell death, respectively.

Results

Results showed that treatment with 4-MU reduced infarct volume and improved learning and memory impairments by down-regulating HAS1 and HAS2. 4-MU has been shown to modulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and IL-1β, as well as anti-inflammatory markers like IL-10 and also reduced oxidative stress markers in the brain.

Conclusion

Generally, the neuroprotective effects of 4-MU against cerebral I/R injury can be attributed to the down-regulation of HAS1 and HAS2.
Computational constraints underlying the emergence of functional domains in the topological map of Macaque V4
Authors: Jiang Dunhan , Wang Tianye , Tang Shiming , Lee Tai-Sing
Published: November 2024

V4, an intermediate visual area in the ventral visual stream of primates, is known to contain neurons tuned to color, complex local patterns, shape, and texture. Neurons with similar visual attribute preferences are closely positioned on the cortical surface, forming a topological map. Recent studies based on multielectrode arrays and calcium imaging revealed the macaque V4 has neuronal columns tuned to specific natural image features, and these columns are clustered into various functional domains. There are domains tuned to attributes generally associated with object surface properties such as texture or color, as well as domains associated with the shape and form of object boundaries reminiscent of the blobs and inter-blobs in the primary visual cortex. Here, we explored the computational constraints underlying the development of the V4 topological map. We found that the map learned based on self-organizing principles constrained by neuronal column’s tuning and retinotopy position can account for many characteristics of the observed V4 map, including the interwoven organization of texture and shape processing clusters. These anatomical clustering, with the implied local recurrent connectivity, might facilitate a modular parallel processing of surfaces and boundaries of objects along the ventral visual system.
Melanophore and fluoroleucophore synergistically photo-protect the Arabian killifish,Aphanius dispar, embryo from ultraviolet light
Authors: Alenize Maryam , Minhas Rashid , Kudoh Tetsuhiro
Published: November 2024

Pigment cells in fish species play crucial roles in forming colour patterns of each species and other physiological characteristics including photoprotection. Research on photoprotection by pigment cells in animals has primarily concentrated on black pigment cells, known as melanophores. However, the roles of other pigment cells and their synergistic effects on UV protection remain poorly understood. In this study, we use the Arabian killifish embryos as a model for studying the mechanisms of UV protection by different pigment cells. This species features highly fluorescent pigment cells called fluoroleucophores and black pigment cells known as melanophores. The fluorescent pigments and black melanin pigments are generated by genesgch(GTP cyclohydrolase) andtyr(tyrosinase) respectively. We generatedgch(−/−)andgch/tyr(−/−)double mutant lines using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing and examined the UV sensitivity of these mutant embryos. Both morphology and gene expression data revealed that thegch/tyr(−/−)double mutant line exhibited the highest UV sensitivity, and thegch(−/−)line also demonstrated a greater stress response compared to wild type (WT). From the study, we have identified the synergistic role of black and fluorescent pigment cells in providing effective UV protection from the early stages of embryonic development.
Navigating through processes: a bibliometric landscape of BPM in human resources
Authors: Salomão David Maria Laura , Dallavalle Silvia , Eustachio João Henrique Paulino Pires , Lourenção Marina
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to bridge the gap in the existing literature by exploring BPM practices applied to HRM to optimize organizational performance, identifying key thematic clusters and highlighting potential areas for future research.

Design/methodology/approach

After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 177 papers on BPM practices in HRM were selected. This sample was used for a bibliometric assessment based on the co-occurrence of terms technique. We also described key studies on BPM in HRM.

Findings

The analysis identified five key theoretical clusters, highlighted the benefits of BPM in enhancing HRM, such as improved leadership, knowledge management, sustainability, performance and talent management and noted challenges in BPM implementation.

Originality/value

By synthesizing existing literature, this research enriches scholarly understanding and offers practical insights for HR practitioners aiming to optimize organizational performance. The findings emphasize the importance of considering human-centric perspectives in BPM and provide practical guidance for HR professionals aiming to enhance organizational performance through improved BPM practices.
Making knowledge management transparent: a new perspective on KM processes integration in the organizational framework
Authors: Nakash Maayan , Bolisani Ettore
Published: November 2024

Purpose

While scholars agree on the complexity of knowledge management processes (KMPs), achieving a comprehensive understanding of these processes and how they integrate into the core organizational processes still proves challenging. In response to this research gap, this study presents a pioneering, inductive exploration into the views of chief knowledge officers (CKOs).

Design/methodology/approach

We employed an interpretative multiple-case study methodology, conducting semi-structured interviews with 28 CKOs across diverse industry sectors. Thematic analysis was utilized to analyze the data.

Findings

The CKOs’ insights reveal that the degree of “superposition and overlap” between KMPs and business processes is pivotal to the effectiveness of both knowledge management (KM) and business operations. The study introduces the concept of “transparent KM,” where KM becomes an imperceptible yet indispensable element of the organizational structure. This challenges the conventional notion of KM as an isolated discipline and highlights the dangers of artificially segregating KMPs from core business processes, which can result in employee disengagement and managerial doubts about the value of KM.

Originality/value

This research contributes to a novel vision of KM, advocating for the seamless integration of KMPs into organizational processes. It suggests that KM should be considered a ubiquitous force that naturally enhances organizational workflows. Scholars, practitioners and company leaders, in designing business processes, should take into consideration their KM implications and, in turn, potentially reshaping the strategic role of KM in organizations.
Beyond the headlines: understanding the organizational dynamics of sector-specific sexual harassment
Authors: Nuñez Imanol , Ollo-López Andrea
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Sexual harassment, a global concern, varies in prevalence across sectors. This article analyzes in detail the higher prevalence of harassment in these sectors.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on data from a representative sample of European workers and using the inductive method, we posit four propositions regarding the organizational dynamics in four different sector-specific scenarios.

Findings

Contrary to perception, our research finds no conclusive evidence supporting a higher prevalence of sexual harassment within the armed forces. Economic and labor conditions drive sexual harassment in the entertainment industry, while the hospitality and non-profit sectors exhibit an elevated incidence potentially attributed to environmental factors. The healthcare industry presents a concerning scenario, with heightened prevalence due solely to organizational.

Originality/value

The originality of the paper is in its focus on how external and environmental factors, rather than just internal organizational mechanisms, contribute to sector-specific dynamics of sexual harassment. This approach provides deeper insights for developing tailored interventions and prevention strategies across different sectors.
State-owned equity participation and greenwashing behavior: evidence from Chinese private enterprises
Authors: Ren Guangqian , Jing Man , Liu Li , Zheng Minna
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Can state-owned equity participation inhibit private enterprises’ greenwashing behavior? If so, what are the mechanisms involved? Is there any difference in the impact of state-owned equity participation on private enterprises’ greenwashing behavior in different contexts? The answers to the above questions not only fill the existing research gaps but also provide new research ideas for greenwashing governance in developing countries.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a sample of Chinese A-share listed private enterprises from 2011 to 2022, we examine the impact of state-owned equity participation on private enterprises’ greenwashing behavior.

Findings

The results suggest that state-owned equity participation can significantly inhibit private enterprises’ greenwashing behavior. Mechanism analysis shows that state-owned equity participation suppresses private enterprises’ greenwashing behavior by alleviating financing constraints through the resource effect and reducing managerial myopia through the governance effect. Moderating effect analysis indicates that media attention can strengthen the inhibitory effect of state-owned equity participation on private enterprises’ greenwashing behavior. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the inhibitory effect of state-owned equity participation on private enterprises’ greenwashing behavior is more significant in areas with a low degree of marketization and non-heavy-polluting industries.

Originality/value

The findings enrich the governance factors of private enterprises’ greenwashing conduct from the standpoint of diverse shareholders, assist developing countries in formulating more specific policy goals and provide important insights into global environmental governance practices.
Global work–life balance trailblazing: how to lead the world in work–life balance, with insights from Denmark
Authors: Warren Tracey , Hyltoft Lene
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The article asks how to lead the world in work–life balance (WLB) societal rankings, identifies the major WLB challenges in contemporary societies and rethinks how we conceptualise and measure WLB.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employed a case-study of Denmark, a world leader in global WLB-rankings. Expert-insider interviews were carried out with 12 experts who work in the field of WLB. The participants were engaged day-to-day in the field of interest, exerting real-world influence.

Findings

We affirm the importance for WLB of battling over-long hours in the workplace. We provide evidence too that having sufficient hours of work, and being financially secure, are as significant for WLB as is avoiding overwork.

Originality/value

The article interrogates international WLB-rankings and offers original insights into a global WLB-leader. It makes the case for improving how we conceptualise and measure WLB to also progress policies and practice. Rather than viewing WLB as largely about avoiding a time-squeeze, the article argues that it is fundamentally about the conditions under which people work.
Consumer resistance to sustainable fashion: evidence from the USA and India
Authors: Busalim Abdelsalam , Lynn Theo , Wood Charles M.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Despite increasing awareness among fashion consumers about the positive environmental and societal impacts of sustainable fashion as a viable alternative to fast fashion, their actual adoption behavior often diverges. This study aims to empirically investigate consumers’ resistance barriers to sustainable fashion clothing.

Design/methodology/approach

This study utilizes innovation resistance theory to examine the barriers to consumer intention to buy sustainable clothing. The study collected a large sample (N = 745) of fashion consumers from the USA and India to test a research model.

Findings

The study finds that value, social risk, tradition and image barriers significantly reduce consumers’ intentions to buy sustainable fashion clothing. Additionally, the findings highlight that environmental concern moderates the relationship between social risk barriers and buying intentions.

Originality/value

The study findings contribute to the existing sustainable fashion literature by highlighting the main barriers for sustainable clothing consumption and emphasizing the crucial role of social elements, economic values and the image of sustainable fashion products in shaping consumer behavior within the fashion landscape.