bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sub-Sahara Africa’s Infrastructure Funding Gap: Potentials from Sukuk Financing
Authors: Abdurraheem Abdulazeez , Mohamed Naim Asmadi
Published: June 2021

Sub-Sahara African (SSA) region as a large part of the African continent suffers huge infrastructure deficit mainly as a result of the vast funding gap. The negative impact of the infrastructure deficiency continues to constrain socio-economic development and the general well-being of the people of the region. Heavy reliance on the traditional sources of funding by many of the countries in the region has failed to meet ever-growing demands for infrastructural development of the region. Potentials presented by Islamic finance are yet to be exploited by a large number of countries in the region. This study evaluates the depth of utilisation of Islamic capital market using Sukuk instruments as another source of funding to fill the observed funding gap for infrastructure development. This study finds that the use of Sukuk as a long-term financing instrument is still at its infancy stage in the region. The paper, therefore, suggests that the SSA countries can undertake rapid and massive infrastructure developments in the region through the use of Sukuk instruments, thereby eliminating increasing sovereign debt over-hang from the conventional debt market. This study also recommends that policy makers in the region put in place required laws and regulations that will provide enabling environments for effective utilisation of Sukuk instruments for infrastructural development. Similarly, strong political will on the part of the region’s political leaders is essential in nurturing strong institutions that can engender policy continuity to ensure effective and efficient management of infrastructure projects funded by Sukuk instruments.
Student’s Awareness and Perception on B40 Income Group Empowerment Program
Authors: Lai Wei Sieng , Sulaiman Noorasiah
Published: June 2021

B40 income group empowerment is one of the initiatives taken by the Malaysian government to improve the people’s wellbeing. Various policies and program have implemented for the purpose. This study aims to examine students’ awareness and perception on government’s B40 empowerment efforts. Primary data are collected from 596 students from secondary school and higher education to reveal students’ awareness on B40 and their perception on B40 empowerment. Binary logistic regression and ordinal logistic regression are applied to further investigate factors that affecting students’ awareness and perception. Finding shows that majority of respondents were aware on government’s effort while the results of binary logistic regression shows that diploma students were more likely to aware on government effort compared to form 6 students; T20 students were less aware on government’s effort. The finding also shows that less than one-third of the respondents agreed that government’s efforts are effective. The ordinal regression analysis confirms that students’ perception were not affected by gender, education level, study field and income group. The findings of this study provide an overview for government on their B40 empowerment effort. Awareness on the effort should be increased so that more people can benefit from the effort.
The Influence of Normative Beliefs on Tax-Payers Attitude and Voluntary Tax Compliance Intention
Authors: Soon Ang Leng , Derashid Chek , Bidin Zainol
Published: June 2021

As technology advances, individuals will utilise the gadgets in their daily processes. However, individuals may still require views from their peers and other people surrounding in making decisions. The views formed would affect the individual’s attitude towards their actions. This study was administered to understand the influence of normative belief on taxpayers’ attitude towards voluntary tax compliance intention using the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). A total of 311 responses were obtained from the survey conducted remotely online, which was analysed using Smart PLS 3.0 software. The attitude (ATT) construct was decomposed into several dimensions of general tax filing knowledge, compatibility, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and subjective norm. Interestingly, the study found that normative belief, which was measured using the dimension of the subjective norm, has a significant influence on attitude. Similarly, it was found that general tax filing knowledge does significantly influence attitude. However, the dimensions of compatibility, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness were found to be insignificant. In conclusion, the study recognises that technologies play an essential role in individuals’ attitude on tax compliance. Nevertheless, the views of peers and tax knowledge do have an impact on taxpayers regardless of the compatibility and usefulness of the systems when it comes to the voluntary tax compliance intention.
教育行政新議題
Authors: An-Min Li 李安明 , Chuan-Chung Hsieh 謝傳崇 , Chih-Cheng Lin 林志成 , Kuo-Liang Yen 顏國樑 , Chuo-Chun Hsieh 謝卓君
Published: June 2021

由國立清華大學教育與學習科技系行政組教師共同合作，挑選當前教育政策與行政重要的新議題而撰寫，全書分為三篇，共計十章。領導篇：探討現代領導的權力與責任觀、正向教育、正念教育、校長教學領導。實務篇：探討素養導向特色的學校與文化、校園空間活化與美感營造、教師專業學習社群、教師公開授課。方法篇：教育政策研究權力取徑、教育政策後結構取向的研究方法。本書對於教育行政與學校行政實務工作、教師進修、修習教育政策與行政者參考，是一本深具價值的專書。

主編簡介：顏國樑

現職：國立清華大學教育與學習科技系教授兼系主任

學歷：國立臺灣師範大學教育學系博士、美國UCLA訪問學者

經歷：教育部組主任、國立新竹教育大學教育與學習科技系教授、評鑑中心主任、系主任

研究專長：教育政策、教育法規、教育與學校行政、教育評鑑、教育政治學

李安明

現職：國立清華大學教育與學習科技學系教授

學歷：美國俄亥俄大學雙語言教育行政博士

經歷：國立清華大學教育與學習科技學系系主任、竹師教育學院院長

研究專長：教育與學校行政、教學領導、組織行為、質性研究法

林志成

現職：國立清華大學教育與學習科技學系教授

學歷：國立政治大學教育學博士、英國倫敦大學研究

經歷：國立清華大學教育與學習科技學系系主任、臺灣教育大學系統委員、文化中心主任、主任督學、縣政顧問、校長協會顧問、教育審議委員會委員

研究專長：教育行政學、行動智慧（行動科學、行動研究）、知識管理、專業發展與組織文化經營、特色學校經營、班級經營、校本課程與教學創新、教學卓越、情緒管理與生涯規劃

謝卓君

現職：國立清華大學教育與學習科技學系副教授

學歷：英國巴斯大學管理學院博士

經歷：國立清華大學師資培育中心組長、教育部公費留學高等教育學門

研究專長：教育政策、教育管理、高等教育、教育評鑑、比較教育

謝傳崇

現職：國立清華大學教育與學習科技學系教授

學歷：國立臺北教育大學教育政策與管理博士、英國諾丁漢大學博士班研究

經歷：新竹市政府教育處長、大學主任秘書、領導與評鑑中心、雙語教學研究中心、綜合領域中心、美感素養中心主任、汶水國小、中興國小、西湖國中、公館國中校長

獲獎：在中小學服務期間，發展校本特色課程獲得教育部最高榮譽教學卓越獎【金質獎】，創新教學獲得「標竿一百」學校獎、Inno School全國學校經營創新特優獎、Grea Teach全國創意教學特優獎、全國特色學校獎

研究專長：正向教育、正向領導、教育行政、教育領導、創新經營、正念教育、教學卓越、校本課程、正向心理學研究
Introduction
Authors: Sciabarra Chris Matthew
Published: June 2021

This introduction celebrates the progress of The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies, the only interdisciplinary, double-blind peer-reviewed, university press–published periodical devoted to the study of Ayn Rand and her times. It notes the expansion of the journal's readership and the creation of the new Scholarly Publishing Collective that will further expand the accessibility and visibility of the journal as it enters its third decade of publication.
Identification of morphometric variation of Aegel marmelos (L.) Correa correlated with habitat types in Western Terai
Authors: Bimal Bahadur Kunwar
Published: June 2021

Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa locally called “Bael” is an economically important plant mainly harvested and traded for medicinal as well as religious purposes. Most of the collection of the plant is from forest. Due to habitat change, deforestation and over harvesting, it is feared that such important plant and its precious genetic diversity may be lost from the nature. Responding to these challenges a major initiative has been launched in the Western Terai Landscape Complex of Nepal to identify morphometric variability in A. marmelos. Morphometric characters variation of this species in Western Terai Landscape Complex was statically and numerically evaluated. Sixteen populations were analysed, using 27 morphological characters of leaves and fruit, collected during 2007/2008 naturally. Most of the morphological characters were not significant with the east-west longitudinal gradient except few were, probably because of small gradient. The variation in the A. marmelos is clearly verified by uni- and multivariate statistics. Highest variation was observed in the (DL) Disc Level (CV= 6.08) from different morphometric characters and later that in PL and B. These DL, PL and B were determining characters of morphometric variation. Similarly, principal component and cluster analysis through forming dendrogram of morphometric traits indicated different grouping pattern of populations. The populations that are nearer to each other are not cluster together. At different sites of sampling analysis of variance in the morphometric traits revealed remarkable variation among population.
Perubahan Kadar Protein dalam Urin terhadap Penggunaan Obat Antihipertensi (Valsartan) pada Pasien Nefropati
Authors: Fandinata Selly Septi
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAKDiabetes mellitus (DM) adalah suatu sindroma gangguan metabolisme yang dicirikan dengan hiperglikemia abnormal sebagai akibat dari suatu defisiensi sekresi insulin, berkurangnya efektivitas aktivitas biologis insulin atau adanya resistensi insulin. Komplikasi kronik mikrovaskular, salah satunya yaitu Penyakit Ginjal Diabetik. Penyakit Ginjal Diabetik didefinisikan secara klinik yaitu penyakit DM dengan proteinuria yang menetap dalam urin. Meta analisis melaporkan bahwa proteinuria merupakan marker terjadinya kerusakan ginjal. Beberapa penelitian membuktikan bahwa terapi ARB dapat menurunkan derajat proteinuria pada pasien ginjal-diabetik. Terapi ARB yang paling banyak digunakan di RSUD Dr. Sutomo adalah valsartan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perubahan kadar protein dalam urin terhadap penggunaan antihipertensi (valsartan) pada pasien penyakit Nefropati. Penelitian dilakukan di Instalasi Rawat Jalan Penyakit Dalam RSUD Dr. Sutomo. Kriteria Inklusi yaitu penderita penyakit ginjal diabetik di Instalasi rawat jalan dengan proteinuria dan tekanan darah terkontrol (≤130/80mmHg), yang menggunakan terapi antihipertensi tunggal valsartan. Kriteria Eksklusi yaitu hiperkalemia, ISK, menggunakan obat-obatan yang mempengaruhi proteinuria (NSAID, vit B6, B12) dan kontraindikasi terhadap valsartan. Dari penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa pada pemberian valsartan tidak terjadi perubahan distribusi derajat proteinuria, dari 27 penderita 29,6% mengalami penurunan, 59,26% tetap dan 11,11% mengalami peningkatan derajat proteinuria. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini bahwa valsartan tidak mengalami perubahan dalam menurunkan deraajat proteinuria.Kata kunci: nefropati, proteinuria, ARB, valsartan. ABSTRACTDiabetes Mellitus (DM) is a syndrome of metabolic disorder characterized by abnormal hyperglicemia. One of the chronic complication DM is renal microangiopathy called Diabetic Nephropathy (DN). In addition, clinical DN is defined as DM with proteinuria. Meta analysis reported proteinuria as a marker of kidney damage as predictor of progressive kidney disease is robust. Moreover several trials concluded ARBs treatment could reduce the level of proteinuria in DN patients. ARBs treatment used in RSUD Dr. Soetomo Central Hospital Surabaya is valsartan. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of valsartan treatments on the proteinuria level in DN patients. This study was done at the outpatients clinic departement RSUD Dr. Soetomo Central Hospital Surabaya. The inclusion criteria were DN patients with normal blood pressure (≤130/80mmHg). Twenty seven patients were enrolled in this study. The result showed valsartan antiproteinuria, there was no change in proteinuria level distribution. From twenty seven patients 29,6% decreased, 59,26% did not change and 11,11% increased proteinuria level. As a conclusion, valsartan treatment no change in proteinuria level distribution.Keywords: diabetic nephropathy, proteinuria, ARBs, valsartan.
Perbandingan Proses Fotodegradasi Pada Zat Warna Metil Jingga Menggunakan Zeolit, Katalis Fe2O3-Zeolit dan Sinar UV
Authors: Deka Pemta Tia
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAKPencemaran zat warna di lingkungan perairan semakin meningkat. Pencemaran tersebut dapat berasal berbagai sumber diantaranya limbah rumah tangga atau industri farmasi. Zat warna metil jingga merupakan salah satu zat yang digunakan pada industri farmasi dan dapat membahayakan kesehatan manusia sehingga perlu adanya pengolahan yang baik terhadap limbah tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membandingkan proses fotodegradasi dari zat warna metil jingga menggunakan katalis Fe2O3-zeolit, sinar-UV maupun hanya memakai zeolit. Hasil Karakterisasi katalis Fe2O3-Zeolit dengan menggunakan metilen biru diperoleh luas permukaan spesifik 236,80 m2/g, sedangkan uji menggunakan spektrofotometer FTIR didapatkan bilangan gelombang 520,74 cm-1 yang merupakan karakteristik dari Fe2O3-zeolit. Berdasarkan studi pendahuluan diperoleh kondisi optimum yaitu konsentrasi metil jingga 25 ppm, katalis Fe2O3-zeolit 23,40 mmol/g zeolit serta lama penyinaran 80 menit. Uji fotokatalis dilakukan dengan cara mendispersikan 150 mg Fe2O3-zeolit, 50 mg zeolit teraktifasi ke dalam 60 mL larutan metil jingga, kemudian dimasukkan ke reaktor uv-fotokatalitik. Hasil persen degradasi terbesar diperoleh pada perlakuan penambahan katalis, sinar uv dan pengocokan yaitu 62,96%. Apabila hanya digunakan logam Fe(III) maka didapatkan persen degradasi 36,8%. Kemudian, perlakuan gelap tanpa sinar uv diperoleh persen degradasi paling kecil yaitu 14,82%.Kata kunci: fotodegradasi, zeolit, sinar-Uv, Fe2O3-zeolit, metil jinggaABSTRACTWater contamination in aquatic environment get increased. This contaminaton could happen from various source like home waste or pharmacy industry waste. Methyl orange is one of materials that used in pharmacy industry which could dangering human health so it must be take a good treatment for this waste. The aim of this research is to compare some photocatalytic activity for methyl orange using Fe2O3-zeolit catalyst, uv light and just zeolite. Beside that, Characterization of this catalyst is done by infrared spectrofotometry and surface area by metilen blue. The specific surface area characterization result is 236,80 m2/g then infrared spectrophotometer showed wavennumber at 520,74 cm-1 that specific for Fe2O3-zeolit. Based on preliminary research showed optimum condition at 25 ppm of methyl orange, Fe2O3-zeolit 23,40 mmol/g zeolite and uv radiaton time is 80 minutes.Photodegradation test is done by disper 150 g Fe2O3-zeolit in 60 ml methyl orange then placed in photocatalitic reactor and give uv light. The highest percent degradation result is 62,96%. By adding zeolite, catalyst and shaked. In other hand, the lowest result is 14,82% from dark condition means no uv lightKeywords: Photodegradation, zeolit, Fe2O3-zeolit, methyl orange
Analisis Kandungan Formalin pada Mie Basah Menggunakan Nash dengan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis
Authors: Yulianti Cicik Herlina , Safira Aldila Nur
Published: June 2021

Mie merupakan produk makanan yang banyak digemari masyarakat Indonesia. Salah satu jenis mie yang banyak diolah menjadi makanan adalah mie basah. Mie basah yaitu mie yang memiliki kandungan air cukup tinggi karena dalam pembuatannya mengalami proses perebusan sebelum dijual. Oleh sebab itu mie basah tidak dapat disimpan terlalu lama. Untuk mencegah mie berlendir dan tumbuhnya jamur maka produsen mie basah biasanya menambahkan pengawet kedalam adonan makanan. Akan tetapi adakalanya produsen menambahkan pengawet berbahaya, salah satunya adalah formalin. Pada penelitian sebelumnya telah ditemukan pemakaian formalin sebagai pengawet pada mie basah. Formalin adalah bahan kimia yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan dan juga dilarang penggunaannya sebagai bahan tambahan makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan formalin pada mie basah di pasar Wonokusumo dengan menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif menggunakan spektrofotometri dengan reagen nash. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sampel mie basah dari Pasar Wonokusumo Kota Surabaya yang tidak mengandung formalin dijual oleh tiga pedagang (A, D, dan E) dan dua pedagang (B dan C) diketahui menjual mie basah mengandung formalin.  Rata – rata kandungan formalin pada sampel mie basah yang diperoleh dari pedagang B sebesar 257,596 mg/kg dan pedagang C sebesar 320,884 mg/kg.

Kata kunci: mie basah, formalin, nash, spektrofotometri UV-Vis
LITERATURE REVIEW MANFAAT SENAM LANSIA TERHADAP KUALITAS HIDUP LANSIA
Authors: Handayani Sri Puzzy , Sari Rina Puspita , Wibisono Wibisono
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTIntroduction: 52.31% of the number of health complaints in elderly women is higher than the percentage of elderly men is 49, 74%. Changes that occur in the elderly tend to decrease in physical, psychological, psychosocial systems. This requires an action activity that can reach all aspects of the decline that is by doing elderly gymnastics. The purpose of this research to identify the benefits of elderly exercise on the quality of life of the elderly. Research methods by using literature review as a guide to search for research articles obtained from the internet using the Science Direct site, and Google Scholar. The results analysis of 10 selected research articles shows that elderly exercise can have several benefits, namely: physical benefits can improve physical fitness, body balance, breathing, and decreased blood pressure in elderly hypertension. Psychological benefits can improve sleep quality, decrease insomnia levels, decrease depression levels, reduce stress levels, and manage pain. Social and environmental benefits. Elderly exercise 3 times a week with a minimum duration of 30 minutes and a maximum of 40 minutes with a time of> 4 weeks will be more effective in getting many benefits.
Die intuitive Sehnsucht nach Musik – positiv gestimmt durch die Krise
Authors: Heißenberger Petra
Published: June 2021

Johannes Prinz, geboren 1958, kam schon früh mit der Musik in Berührung. Mit neun Jahren wurde er Mitglied der Wiener Sängerknaben. Er studierte an der Universität für Musik und darstellende Kunst Wien und leitete mehrere Chöre. 1991 wurde er als Chordirektor des Wiener Singvereins verpflichtet. Prinz übernahm Choreinstudierungen bzw. Konzerte bei Chören im In- und Ausland, u. a. beim Bayerischen Rundfunkchor, beim Berliner Rundfunkchor, beim RIAS-Kammerchor, bei der Konzertvereinigung Wiener Staatsopernchor sowie beim Spanischen Rundfunkchor. 2003 leitete er den World Youth Choir. In den vergangenen Jahren arbeitete er mit den Wiener Symphonikern, dem RSO Wien und dem Tschaikowsky-Symphonieorchester Moskau. Seit 2000 ist er Universitätsprofessor für Chorleitung an der Kunstuniversität Graz.
Who Are Their Leaders? College Students Perceptions of and Engagement with Campus Leaders and Administrators
Authors: Rizzo Stephanie , Tribble Dana J. , Nadelson Louis S.
Published: June 2021

College students’ interactions with campus leaders is critical to their success, particularly in situations of distress. Yet, little is known about college students’ knowledge, perceptions, and identification of campus administrators, faculty members, and staff as leaders and their interactions with these campus leaders. To fill the gap in the literature, we applied a cross-sectional methodology to gather a combination of quantitative and qualitative data using an online survey. We had 60 first-year students participate in our exploratory research by fully completing our survey. We found that students identified their advisors as leaders on campus. We also found most of our participants avoided campus administrators in fear of judgment, intimidation, and feelings of anxiety. Our results have implications for campus leadership, college administrators, student retention, and campus climate. Following our results, we discuss implications for practice and offer additional recommendations for future research.
The Covid-19 Pandemic and the Eurozone: A Reconnaissance of E.U. Financial Assistance to Counteract the Coronavirus’s Perfect Storm
Authors: Paoloni Mauro , Celli Massimiliano
Published: June 2021

As economic scholars and researchers are well aware the Covid-19 pandemic is severely affecting all the European Countries both from a health and economic-productive point of view, and it is not expected to be over before the spring of 2022. In order to counter the effects of this pandemic on the societies and economies of the 27 Member Countries of the EU, the European Institutions (in particular the ECB and the European Commission) have prepared an extensive series of financial assistance instruments, some of which have been developed from scratch while others that already exist have been adequately strengthened. The paper will preliminarily ascertain if Covid-19 was really a “perfect storm”, as such absolutely unpredictable, or if it was the consequence of unpreparedness and underestimation. Then the ordinary and extraordinary instruments of financial assistance which the European Institutions have made or will soon make available to the member Countries of the Eurozone to counteract the severe fall in GDP as well as the increase in the unemployment rate, will be investigated. Finally, some conclusions on the topic at stake will be drawn.
Supplementary Nitrogen Fertilization in Sugarcane
Authors: Stacciarini Thiago C. V. , Neto Aurélio R. , Alves José M. , Marques Marina G.
Published: June 2021

In Brazil, sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is considered one of the most economically important crops. Nitrogen (N) is one of the most required elements in sugarcane cultivation. Nevertheless, the information about the soil and foliar applications of this nutrient in crops are discrepant. Therefore, the importance of this study is evident. Given the above, this study aimed to evaluate the soil-applied and foliar N fertilization of sugarcane. The experiment was conducted at the Araporã Bioenergia S.A. power plant, located at Fazenda Santa Rita, in the municipality of Itumbiara-GO. The 5 × 5 factorial design was adopted, with four repetitions, including five doses of soil-applied ammonium nitrate and five doses of foliar Amidic N polymer. The nutrient extraction, the experiment’s initial and final total chlorophyll content, the biometric indexes and the industrial quality indexes were analyzed for sugarcane. The ammonium nitrate doses caused differences in fiber, sacarose content, total recoverable sugar, sugar cane Brix, magnesium, and zinc, which was statistically different for the foliar polymer doses. There was no increment of the production variables with the increase of the nitrogen supply in the soil. On the other hand, the levels of zinc and magnesium in the leaves increased 12% and 27%, respectively, reflecting the importance of this fertilization in sugarcane cultivation.
Essential Oil of Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asteraceae) Decreases Alternaria Rot in Pitahaya
Authors: Debona Daniel , Pivotto Angela , Tetzlaff Alexsandro J. , Sartori Darlan F. , Borelli Luiz A. , Oliveira Murilo S. de , Yamamoto Lilian Y. , Ascari Jociani
Published: June 2021

Alternaria rot, caused by Alternaria alternata, is one of the most destructive diseases of pitahaya (Hylocereus spp.). We investigated the effect of the essential oil of Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asteraceae) (EOB) in the control of A. alternata. Two studies were performed in Petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar medium amended with concentrations of the EOB ranging from 5 to 1,000 µg mL-1 (first study) and from 30 to 2,000 µg mL-1. The diameter of the fungal colony was recorded daily. These data were used to calculate the the area under the mycelial growth progress curve (AUMGPC) and mycelial growth index (MGI). In the third study, the control of Alternaria rot in pitahaya fruits by EOB was investigated by adding the EOB into an edible coat based on cassava starch and sorbitol which was prepared in Tween 20. Three treatments, containing EOB at 500, 1,000 or 2,000 µg mL-1, were assessed. Two additional treatments, one containing water and another containing only the edible coating served as controls. Pitahaya fruits were immersed in those solutions for 10 min, allowed to dry and inoculated with A. alternata 48 h later. The EOB was found to inhibit the mycelial growth and a negative and quadratic model best described the relationship of the EOB concentrations with MGI and AUMGPC. Results from the experiment performed with pitahaya fruits showed that Alternaria rot was decreased with increasing EOB concentrations. Therefore, EOB is a promising and ecofriendly method that may be included in the management of Alternaria rot in pitahya.
Production of Natural Insecticide on Management of Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in Family Farming
Authors: Ruiz Cristiane G. L. , Costa Marilza S. , Seabra Jr Santino , Pereira Mônica J. B.
Published: June 2021

Collard greens are commonly grown in family farming systems; however, damage caused by the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) reduces yields, leading to successive applications of insecticides and consequently, environmental and toxicological problems. Therefore, it is essential to search for alternatives that reduce the use of pesticides and are economically viable and accessible to small farmers. This study was aimed at evaluating the insecticidal activity of aqueous extracts of neem and tobacco on P. xylostella. First instar caterpillars were offered collard leaf discs treated with different concentrations (30 caterpillars per treatment) and after the third day, mortality was evaluated. To evaluate ovicidal properties, collard leaves with 30 eggs were immersed in extracts and after 48 h, viability was measured. Oviposition deterrent activity was assessed with 23 couples of P. xylostella released in cages (repetitions) containing treated collard plants and after 48 h, the number of eggs per plant was recorded. Neem and tobacco extracts exhibited larvicidal, ovicidal, and oviposition deterrent properties against P. xylostella, indicating that the use of these extracts may be promising alternatives in family farming systems.
ON GRAPH REPRESENTATION FOR CO-DIAGONAL GROUPS
Authors: LEE WU-YEN
Published: June 2021

For a co-diagonal Butler group G with co-representing graph, we examine the conditions under which pure subgroups and torsion-free quotients of G have quasi-co-representing graphs.
Apropiación informal del espacio urbano en Puebla, México, según la Teoría del Actor-Red
Authors: Silva Rios Carlos Enrique , Hernández García José Luis
Published: June 2021

Las calles del Centro Histórico de la ciudad de Puebla [CHP] son angostas y muchas tienen baches y alcantarillas en mal estado. A esto se suma la miríada de agentes que ocupan las aceras. Esta situación complica la movilidad por esta zona. Consideramos necesario favorecer el uso común y sostenible del espacio público urbano. Por ello, nos planteamos la meta de conocer cómo algunos agentes gradúan y dosifican el uso de algunas vías públicas del CHP de modo tal que dificultan la movilidad urbana. Así, adoptamos como perspectiva teórica la Teoría del Actor-Red y realizamos una aproximación cuasi-etnográfica, durante la cual observamos e interactuamos con agentes que se apropian del espacio público y dificultan la movilidad en el CHP. Presentamos las acciones-red que despliegan estos agentes y ofrecemos algunos elementos conceptuales que deben tomarse en cuenta para re-ensamblar las redes con miras a la construcción de un mundo común.
THE PHENOMENON OF VIOLENCE AGAINST
PARENTS BY THEIR MINOR CHILDREN
Authors: Ćwikowski Robert
Published: June 2021

Abuse of parents by their minor children is a more and more distinctive family and social problem. Parents and guardians are reluctant to report violence inflicted upon them by their own children. There is a number of reasons: shame of being criticised and assessed; a feeling of helplessness; no clear, specific definition of child-to-parent violence. This article describes the phenomenon based on the available literature. It provides a set of definitions connected with child-to-parent violence, and a description of forms of the abuse concerned. Also, the article contains an overview of selected research on the phenomenon. And conclusions drawn from the research concerned rendered it possible to determine child-to-parent violence risk factors, and to take an attempt to determine prevention actions.
Methodology for Testing High-Energy Materials Under Low Temperature Conditions
Authors: MODRZEJEWSKI Patryk , JANISZEWSKI Jacek
Published: June 2021

The methodology developed for testing gun propellants at low temperatures according to PN-EN ISO 604:2006 is presented in the paper. Brief characteristics are given of the materials tested and the most important static compression test conditions, such as specimen dimensions, deformation velocity and temperature range for selected propellants, i.e. JA-2 and SC. To verify the methodology developed, preliminary strength tests were performed at selected temperatures (25, 0, -25 and -50°C). Tests were carried out on specimens fabricated by shortening the propellant grain to the dimensions required by the reference standard. The results obtained confirmed the expected strength properties for both propellants (tensile strength and brittleness). Due to its chemical composition, the JA-2 propellant is a material of low brittleness even at -50°C. It does not crack completely and only its yield point increases. The results obtained for the JA-2 propellant were consistent with those published in reference literature. The SC propellant proved to be very brittle even at room temperature. At temperatures below 0°C, it fractures completely after reaching the desired deformation. The results obtained confirm that the adopted strength test conditions and the way the tests were prepared and performed enable acquisition of comparable and reliable results. It can be seen by analysing the results for the JA-2 propellant, which are consistent with the data in the available references. In contrast, the tests on the SC propellant proved the validity of strength tests on this type of material. Brittleness of propellant grains is
a very undesirable phenomenon. A change in the combustion surface of low explosives caused by the process of propellant grain fracturing can adversely affect the magnitude and course of the pressure pulse, leading to failure of a cartridge chamber or gun barrel.
Podejmowanie aktywności fizycznej jako sposób radzenia sobie ze stresem zawodowym ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem sytuacji pandemii
Authors: Rosak-Szyrocka Joanna
Published: June 2021

Occupational stress as a determinant for making decisions about physical activity during a pandemic
Fizjologiczne drżenie mięśniowe – wpływ wybranych czynników. Przegląd piśmiennictwa
Authors: Mazur-Różycka Joanna , Gajewski Jan
Published: June 2021

W artykule poruszono zagadnienia związane ze zjawiskiem fizjologicznego drżenia mięśniowego, które z różnym natężeniem występuje u wszystkich ludzi bez wyjątku. Opisano wpływ czynników zewnętrznych (tj. używek, zmęczenia, niedoboru snu) na fizjologiczne drżenie mięśniowe. W przypadku wzmożonego drżenia mięśniowego może wystąpić ograniczenie zdolności motorycznych oraz osłabienie koordynacji wzrokowo ruchowej, co może powodować obniżenie precyzji wykonywania czynności.
Adoption of improved grains legumes and dryland cereals crop varieties: A synthesis of evidence
Authors:   World Agroforestry, Woldeyohanes Tesfaye , Hughes Karl , Mausch Kai , Oduol Judith
Published: June 2021

Like other crop improvement programs, a key prerequisite for the CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals (CRP GLDC) to generate large-scale impact is large-scale adoption. Hence, evidencing the breadth and depth of such adoption is both of intrinsic interest and important for estimating downstream impacts, such as improved food and nutritional security, income, resilience, and soil health. While various GLDC adoption studies have been undertaken, a recent effort to systematically review these studies and synthesize the results is lacking. We undertook such a review, identifying 69 studies and 35 independent country crop combinations (CCCs). To generate aggregated and updated estimates of GLDC improved varietal adoption, we devised and applied a procedure to estimate national cropping areas under such varieties and, in turn, the number of adopting households. Estimates derived from household surveys and expert opinion solicitation are treated with higher and lower levels of confidence, respectively. As of 2019, we estimate from higher confidence studies that improved GLDC crops were cultivated on 15.37 million hectares of land by 17.64 million households in CRP GLDC’s 13 priority countries. With the inclusion of lower confidence studies, these numbers increase to 32 and 44.64 million, respectively. We are further confident that the program exceeded its adoption target of 8.9 million newly adopting households from 2011, particularly when likely spillovers vis-à-vis non-surveyed areas, non-priority countries, and non-priority crops in priority countries are considered.
Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO) and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor (TSHR) Based Detection on Grave for Pregnant Women
Authors: Aulanniam Aulanni’am , Zulkarnain Zulkarnain , Wahono Soeatmadji Djoko , Kinasih Wuragil Dyah , Oktanella Yudit
Published: June 2021

Graves’ disease is a form of specific autoimmune disorder in the thyroid organ characterized by thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb). Pregnant women are the most susceptible to GD due to hormonal changes and tolerance of immune responses during pregnancy. The incidence of prematurity, low birth weight (LBW), and neonatal thyrotoxicosis risk are the most complications that can be acquired if treatment is late and inadequate. It has implications for increased fetomaternal morbidity and mortality. Apart from being a biomarker for definitive diagnosis, TSAb testing is also beneficial for assessing treatment response and predicting relapse of GD (relapse) after oral anti-thyroid treatment. GD patients with high TPOAb titers also tend to have a high relapse rate. However, the evaluation of both TSAb and TPOAb examinations during and after treatment is rarely done routinely due to the examination’s high cost. This works proposed developing TSHR and TPO antigen-based rapid diagnostic tests through the immunochromatography method to address the challenges of financing and limited laboratory facilities in the area. Besides, understanding the importance of examining thyroid antibodies (TSAb and TPOAb) and interpretation in clinical practice is still a matter of debate in clinical circles, so it requires in-depth information.
microRNA Utilization as a Potential Tool for Stress Tolerance in Plants
Authors: Rani Jyoti
Published: June 2021

This chapter describe the possibilities of MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in crop plants gene expression regulation in different metabolic pathways. Several current researches have shown different environmental stresses induce abnormal expression of miRNA, thus signifying that miRNAs may be an appropriate tool for genetical improvement in plant for stress tolerance. These miRNAs mainly control gene expression through translational inhibition. Generally, stress induce miRNAs-based inhibition of their target mRNAs, however, positive transcription factors accumulated and become more active after mRNA inhibition. Initially, researchers were mainly focused on miRNA identification, appropriate to specific or multiple environmental condition, expression profiling and recognize their roles in stress tolerance. Transformed miRNA expression studied in some plant species for better understanding of plant development and stress tolerance such as heavy metal, salinity, temperature, drought and nutrient deficiency. All these findings indicate that miRNAs act as a potential tool for genetic engineering and to enhance stress tolerance in crop plants.
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System, Glucose Homeostasis, and Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes: Mechanistic Insights and Evidence from Major Clinical Trials
Authors: Skwiersky Samara , Iwuala Sandra , Chillumuntala Seeta , Osafehinti Deborah , Karam Jocelyne
Published: June 2021

With its alarmingly rising prevalence worldwide, type 2 diabetes has become a leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the planet. Efforts to prevent progression to diabetes in individuals at risk could have a significant positive public health impact. Multiple trials examining cardiovascular outcomes of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) inhibitors revealed, in secondary analysis, a significantly reduced risk of new onset diabetes in participants receiving these agents. This glycemic protective effect is attributed to the known implication of RAAS in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The DREAM trial and the NAVIGATOR trial were two large randomized controlled studies examining, as primary outcome, the effect of Ramipril and Valsartan respectively on the incidence of diabetes in patients with prediabetes. Their results confirmed a favorable glycemic effect of RAAS inhibition agents and suggested a possible added benefit of diabetes prevention to their other several cardiovascular and blood pressure benefits.
Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) – Utilization of Hydroxyl Radical and Singlet Oxygen
Authors: Krystynik Pavel
Published: June 2021

Considering the nature of organic contaminants in water, methods of their oxidative decomposition seem to be most appropriate for their removal from contaminated water. There are a lot of methods of chemical oxidation, however, Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) seem to be the most suitable technologies for organic contaminants removal. AOPs belong to a group of processes that efficiently oxidize organic compounds towards harmless inorganic products such as water or carbon dioxide. The processes have shown great potential in treatment of pollutants of low or high concentrations and have found applications for various types of contamination. The hydroxyl radical (•OH) is oxidizing agent used at AOPs to drive contaminant decomposition. It is a powerful, non-selective chemical oxidant, which reacts very rapidly with most organic compounds. Another strong oxidizing agent, singlet oxygen, can be generated by photosensitization of phthalocyanines. Phthalocyanines are molecules based on pyrrol structures connected mainly with methionine groups (–CH=) having a metallic central atom. Illumination upon specific wavelengths initiates formation of singlet oxygen that attack organic contaminants.
Chest Imaging in Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19)
Authors: Hussain Parry Arshed , Haseeb Wani Abdul
Published: June 2021

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), a highly contagious viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) affects many organ systems causing a vast range of clinical manifestations. However, involvement of lungs is the most common manifestation and is the main cause of mortality. Detection of viral nucleic acid in the respiratory secretions is the corner stone of the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection; however, imaging plays a critical role in clinching diagnosis of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) negative cases and those with atypical presentation. More importantly imaging has a pivotal role in the detection of complications and their appropriate management. Chest radiography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) all have a role in the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia and detection of various thoracic complications related to this disease. This chapter comprehensively discusses the thoracic manifestations of COVID-19 and the role of imaging in their diagnosis and effective management.
Premature Birth, Management, Complications
Authors: Tsikouras Panagiotis , Bothou Anastasia , Gerede Aggeliki , Apostolou Ifigenia , Gaitatzi Fotini , Deuteraiou Dorelia , Chalkidou Anna , Anthoulaki Xanthoula , Michalopoulos Spyridon , Dragoutsos Georgios , Tsirkas Ioannis , Babageorgaka Irini , Nalbanti Theopi , Sachnova Natalia , Alexiou Alexios , Nikolettos Constantinos , Lazarou Apostolos , Zervoudis Stefanos , Peitsidis Panagiotis , Nikolettos Nikolaos
Published: June 2021

In recent years an increase in premature births (PB) rate has been noticed, as this pregnancy complication that still remain an important cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, is multifactorial and prediction is not easy in many cases. There are many bibliographic data supporting the view that PB have also genetic predisposition. The trend of “recurrence” of PB in women as well as its increased frequency in ethnic groups suggests its association with genetic factors, either as such or as an interaction of genes and environment. Immunomodulatory molecules and receptors as well as polymorphisms of various genes and/or single nucleotides (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) now allow with advanced methods of Molecular Biology the identification of genes and proteins involved in the pathophysiology of PB. From the history of a pregnant woman, the main prognostic factor is a previous history of prematurity, while an ultrasound assessment of the cervix between 18 and 24 weeks is suggested, both in the developed and the developing world. According to the latest data, an effective method of successful prevention of premature birth has not been found. The main interventions suggested for the prevention of premature birth are the cervical cerclage, the use of cervical pessary, the use of progesterone orally, subcutaneously or transvaginally, and for treatment administration of tocolytic medication as an attempt to inhibit childbirth for at least 48 hours to make corticosteroids more effective. Despite the positive results in reducing mortality and morbidity of premature infants, the need for more research in the field of prevention, investigation of the genital code and the mechanism of initiation of preterm birth is important.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Origin, Impact, and Drug Development
Authors: Mishra Amaresh , Nair Nisha , K. Yadav Amit , Solanki Pratima , Majeed Jaseela , Tripathi Vishwas
Published: June 2021

At the end of December 2019, in Wuhan, China, a rapidly spreading unknown virus was reported to have caused coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). Origin linked to Wuhan’s wholesale food market where live animals are sold. This disease is caused by SARS Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is closely related to the Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). This virus shares a high sequence identity with bat-derived SARS-like Coronavirus, which indicating its zoonotic origin. The virus spread globally, provoking widespread attention and panic. This Coronavirus is highly pathogenic and causes mild to severe respiratory disorders. Later, it was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) due to its highly infectious nature and worldwide mortality rate. This virus is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome, and its genome length about 26 to 32 kb that infects a broad range of vertebrates. The researchers worldwide focus on establishing treatment strategies on drug and vaccine development to prevent this COVID-19 pandemic. A drug repurposing approach has been used to identify a rapid treatment for the people affected by COVID-19, which could be cost-effective and bypass some Food and Drug Association (FDA) regulations to move quickly in phase-3 trials. However, there is no promising therapeutic option available yet. This book chapter addresses current information about the COVID-19 disease, including its origins, impacts, and the novel potential drug candidates that can help treat the COVID-19.
High Off the Page
Authors: Mortenson Erik ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2021

This article explores attempts by Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg to transcribe their drug experiences onto the written page. Utilizing both Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s work on intersubjective communication and Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari’s conception of the “Body Without Organs,” it argues that by writing “through the body,” Kerouac and Ginsberg are able to transmit the physical and emotional effects of the drug experience to the reader via the medium of the text. The reader thus receives not just an objective account of the drug experience, but becomes privy to the alterations in temporal perception and intersubjective empathy that drug use inaugurates.
I, Insect, or Bataille and the Crush Freaks
Authors: Biles Jeremy ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2021

Among the many obscure sects of sexual fetishism, few remain as perplexing as that of the “crush freaks,” who are aroused by the sight of an insect exploded beneath a human foot. Moving beyond the glib discussions of those entomologists and sexologists who classify this fetish as a subset of foot worship and/or macrophilia, I propose an analysis of the crush freaks through the writings of French thinker Georges Bataille. Employing Bataille’s notions of sacrificial eroticism and mysticism to approach the religio-sexual dimensions of crush freakism, I argue that these practices are best understood as ambivalent manifestations of technophilia (sexual arousal associated with machinery). More specifically, crush freakism, I submit, devolves on a violent literalization of the analogies between insects and machines.
Sechelleptus arborivagus sp. nov., a new arboreal spirostreptid millipede (Diplopoda, Spirostreptidae) endemic to Mayotte Island (Comoros Archipelago), Indian Ocean
Authors: VandenSpiegel Didier , Henrard Arnaud , Mathys Aurore
Published: June 2021

A new millipede species of the genus Sechelleptus Mauriès, 1980 is described and illustrated from Mayotte Island, Indian Ocean. This new species, S. arborivagus sp. nov., found on trees, looks particularly similar to the sympatric S. variabilis VandenSpiegel & Golovatch, 2007, but is much larger and has a very different ecological behavior. Phylogenetic analyses based on a concatenated dataset of the COI and 16S rRNA genes and including nine species of Spirostreptidae (including Sechelleptus, Doratogonus Attems, 1914, Bicoxidens Attems, 1928 and Spirostreptus Brandt, 1833), strongly support the monophyly of Sechelleptus. Despite the similarity of their genitalia, the molecular analyses also reveal a clear-cut genetic divergence between S. arborivagus sp. nov. and S. variabilis (22.55% for COI and 6.63% for 16SrRNA) and further suggest the presence of a higher diversity within the genus Sechelleptus on Mayotte.
Hot Seat Diagnosis
Authors: Han Rachel , Keith Julia , Slodkowska Elzbieta , Nofech-Mozes Sharon , Djordjevic Bojana , Parra-Herran Carlos , Shachar Sade , Mirkovic Jelena , Sherman Christopher , Hsieh Eugene , Ismiil Nadia , Lu Fang-I
Published: June 2021

Context.—

Competency-based medical education relies on frequent formative in-service assessments to ascertain trainee progression. Currently at our institution, trainees receive a summative end-of-rotation In-Training Evaluation Report based on feedback collected from staff pathologists. There is no method of simulating report sign-out.

Objective.—

To develop a formative in-service assessment tool that is able to simulate report sign-out and provide case-by-case feedback to trainees. Further, to compare time- versus competency-based assessment models.

Design.—

Twenty-one pathology trainees were assessed for 20 months. Hot Seat Diagnosis by trainees and trainee assessment by pathologists were recorded in the laboratory information system. In the first iteration, trainees were assessed by using a time-based assessment scale on their ability to diagnose, report, use ancillary tests, comment on clinical implications, and provide intraoperative consultation and/or gross cases. The second iteration used a competency-based assessment scale. Trainees and pathologists completed surveys on the effectiveness of the In-Training Evaluation Report versus the Hot Seat Diagnosis tool.

Results.—

Scores from both iterations correlated significantly with other assessment tools including the Resident In-Service Examination (r = 0.93, P = .04 and r = 0.87, P = .03). The competency-based model was better able to demonstrate improvement over time and stratify junior versus senior trainees than the time-based model. Trainees and pathologists rated Hot Seat Diagnosis as significantly more objective, detailed, and timely than the In-Training Evaluation Report, and effective at simulating report sign-out.

Conclusions.—

Hot Seat Diagnosis is an effective tool for the formative in-service assessment of pathology trainees and simulation of report sign-out, with the competency-based model outperforming the time-based model.