bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRIMING POTENCY OF THE PRODUCTS OF INDIVIDUAL REGIONS OF THE H‐2 COMPLEX AND THEIR ROLE IN THE RESTIMULATION IN SECONDARY MLC
Authors: Cukrová Věra , Rychlíková Milena
Published: April 2007

Genetic analysis of the determinants causing an early proliferation in MLC after priming with allogeneic cells in vivo was performed. The active determinants were localized in the I‐A subregion of the H‐2 complex by using appropriate recombinant mouse strains.

Upon priming with antigens coded by the whole H‐2 complex, the lymphocytes gave a strong MLC response only to the priming stimulator cells and cells sharing the I‐A subregion determinants of the latter. The response to third party stimulator cells and cells not sharing I‐A subregion determinants was low.

Upon priming with various H‐2 region products, only lymphocytes primed against I‐A subregion products gave an early proliferative MLC response to the priming stimulator cells, whereas lymphocytes primed against other H‐2 region products gave none.
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE MIXED LYMPHOCYTE REACTION IN H‐1 SEROLOGICALLY IDENTICAL INBRED RATS
Authors: Bishop C. , Festenstein H. , Křen V.
Published: April 2007

H‐1d and H‐11 serologically identical combinations of inbred rat strains were studied, in which there was a strong mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). The H‐1d identical combination was formed with the Maudsley reactive (MR) and BD IX strains, in which there was bidirectional stimulation. The LAD differences in the combination BD IX and MR were shown in experiments using back‐crosses derived from two different sources, BD IX x LEW and MR x LEW.

The H‐11 identical combination was the F344 (Fisher) and LEW (Lewis) strains; here the MLR was unidirectional—LEW stimulating F344. Two other H‐11 serologically identical strains, AS and HCS, also stimulated F344 lymphocytes. Genetic segregation analyses using back‐crosses showed linkage with H‐1 in both instances. The LADs of AS, HCS and LEW appeared to be the same.

These experiments show that the rat LADs so far detectable using these strains are all encoded by genes linked to the major histocompatibility system of the rat, despite serological identity. In addition to disassociation of the major histocompatibility system antigens detected by serological means and those defined by MLC testing, there was also disassociation of transplantation antigens as shown in the BD IX x MR model.
ABSENCE OF FOUR H‐2d ANTIGENIC SPECIFICITIES IN AN H‐2d SARCOMA
Authors: Garrido F. , Perez M. , Torres M. Dolores
Published: April 2007

MCG4 is a BALB/c sarcoma induced as a solid tumour with 0.2 mgs of methylcholantrene. The primary tumour was serially transplanted subcutaneously in syngeneic mice. The ascites form obtained was used to study the expression of H‐2 antigeneic specificities in a postlabelling radioassay.

MCG4 did not express H‐2D.4 (private specificity of H‐2d haplotypes) as well as H‐2.3, H‐2.8 and H‐2.13 (public specificities). In addition it expressed H‐2.5 (a public specificity not present in H‐2d cells). These results were confirmed by quantitative absorption analysis using MCG4 and positive‐negative normal lymphoid cells for a particular specificity.

Results are discussed with regard to the control of expression of H‐2 antigens by regulatory genes.
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF HISTOCOMPATIBILITY‐2 ANTIGENIC SPECIFICITIES IN THE JAPANESE WILD MOUSE GENETICALLY REMOTE FROM THE EUROPEAN SUBSPECIES
Authors: Moriwaki K. , Shiroishi T. , Minezawa M. , Aotsuka T. , Kondo K.
Published: April 2007

Fifty‐eight Japanese wild mice, Mus musculus molossinus, collected from twenty‐eight localities were surveyed for twelve H‐2 antigens using the haemagglutination method. Significantly higher frequencies of H‐2.3 and H‐2.5 specifities and relatively lower frequencies of the other public specificities were observed. This was confirmed by examining four specificities, H‐2.3, 5, 13 and 23, in 370 mice. Quantitative absorption of the alloantisera by erythrocytes and spleen lymphocytes of molossinu mouse revealed definite absorption of H‐2.3, 5 and 8 antigens, though their antigenic strength was apparently weaker than the controls, B10 congenic mice. Comparative assay of the strength of H‐2.5 antigen in either homozygous and heterzygous conditions distinctly eliminated the possibility of gene‐dose effect for the reduced strength of the public antigens in molossinus mouse. To explain this, divergence time between molossinus and domesticus was computed based on the allelic frequency data already reported on ten loci in both subspecies. It is roughly 1.5 × 106 years, which could allow for the occurrence of considerable genetic changes in many public antigens, except those conserved through selection.
H‐2 LINKED IMMUNE RESPONSE TO MURINE EXPERIMENTAL SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI INFECTIONS
Authors: Claas F. H. J. , Deelder A. M.
Published: April 2007

Mice of two congenic inbred strains C3H/Sn (H‐2k) and C3H. B10 (H‐2b were infected with 100 Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. After the infection, the following parameters for the immunologica response were studied: worm burden, mortality, antibody titre, spleen index, eosinophilia, delayed type of hypersensitivity and in vitro response to three S. Mansoni antigen preparations.

No difference in the worm burden and in the in vitro response to the antigen preparations of adult worm antigen, soluble egg antigens and the egg antilgen MSA1, was found. The C3H.B10 mice showed a singificantly higher mortality, antibody titre and delayed type of hyprsensitivity while the C3H/Sn mice showed a significantly higher spleen index and eosinophilia. This indicates that the H‐2 region influences the course of an acute S. mansoni infection, whereas the susceptibility to the infection seems not to be influenced, as is shown by the worm burden
A STATISTISTICAL ANALYSIS OF HUMAN LYMPHOCYTE TRANSFORMATION DATA
Authors: Harina B. M. , Gill T. J. , Rabin B. S. , Taylor F. H.
Published: April 2007

The lymphocytes from 107 maternal‐foetal pairs were examined for their in vitro responsiveness, as determined by the incorporation of tritiated thymidine following stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), candida, varicella, mumps, streptokinase‐streptodornase (SKSD) and tetanus toxiod. The data were collected and analysed in two sequential groups (forty‐seven and sixty) in order to determine whether the results were reproducible. The variable chosen for analysis was the difference (d) between the square roots of the isotope incorporation in the stimulated and control cultures because it gave the most symmetrical distribution of the data. The experimental error in the determination of maternal lymphocyte stimulation was 1.4‐8.6% and of the and of the foetal lymphocytes, 1.0‐16.6% depending upon the antigen or mitogen and its concentration. The data in the two sets of patients were statistically the same in forty‐eight of the fifty‐six analyses (fourteen antigen or mitogen concentrations in autologous and AB plasma for maternal and foetal lymphocytes). The statistical limits of the distribution of responses for stimulation or suppression were set by an analysis of variance taking two standard deviations from the mean as the limits. When these limits were translated into stimulation indices, they varied for each antigen or mitogen and for different concentrations of the same antigen. Thus, a detailed statistical analysis of a large volume of lymphocyte transformation data indicates that the technique is reproducible and offers a reliable method for determining when significant differences from control values are present.
MOLECULAR PROPERTIES OF T‐LYMPHOMA IMMUNOGLOBULIN: II. PEPTIDE COMPOSITION OF THE HEAVY CHAIN
Authors: Moseley Jane M. , Beatty Elizabeth A. , Marchalonis J. J.
Published: April 2007

In order to obtain structural information and to facilitate studies of the covalent structure of T‐cell immunoglobulin, we have performed investigations of the peptide fragments of the heavy chain of this molecule, on a comparative basis, with heavy chains of serum immunoglobulins. T‐cell immunoglobulin was isolated from 125I‐labelled culture medium of monoclonal continuously cultured T‐lymphoma cells by means of immunoadsorbents. Peptides were prepared from the purified 125I‐labelled heavy chain by means of cleavage with cyanogen bromide or digestion with trypsin. We then resolved these peptides and compared them with those peptides derived from 131I‐labelled murine μ, γ and α chains separately and in mixed label experiments by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate containing buffers, 2 dimensional peptide mapping and ion exchange chromatography. The profiles of the radiolabelled peptides obtained from the T‐lymphoma heavy chains were quite distinct from those of murine γ chains but indicated a structural similarity to both μ and α chains, which share some common peptides.

These results are consistent with the antigenic and physicochemical data available and suggest that T‐cell immunoglobulin is a new isotype that shows similarities to IgA and IgM, but of which the precise nature of the constant region has yet to be delineated.
GENETIC CONTROL OF SURVIVAL IN EPIDEMICS
Authors: De Vries R. R. P. , Khan P. Meera , Bernini L. F. , Loghem E. van , Van Rood J. J.
Published: April 2007

Descendants of Dutch colonists, who emigrated to Surinam in the last century and survived epidemics of typhoid and yellow fever with a total mortality of about 60%, were tested for twenty‐six polymorphisms. The gene frequencies were compared with those of a large Dutch control sample. An analysis of drift indicated that the variations in gene frequencies observed for C3, Gm, HLA‐B, and GLO were unlikely to be due to drift. Therefore these data might indicate selection through genetic control of survival in these epidemics.
THE IMMUNOGLOBULIN‐LIKE T‐CELL RECEPTOR: II. CODISTRIBUTION OF Fab DETERMINANTS AND ANTIGEN ON THE SURFACE OF ANTIGEN‐BINDING LYMPHOCYTES OF MOUSE THYMUS*
Authors: DeLuca D. , Warr G. W. , Marchalonis J. J.
Published: April 2007

Chicken antibodies showing rigorous specificity for mouse immunoglobulins (Ig) allow the direct visualization of an Ig‐like surface component on thymusderived lymphocytes (T‐cells). These antibodies, therefore, provide a direct means of testing the hypothesis that the Ig‐like molecules function in antigen recognition on these cells. In an attempt to determine if avian antisera to mouse Fab determinants recognize antigen‐binding receptors, the surface distribution of three large fluorescent (red) protein antigens, keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH), horse spleen ferritin (HSF), and whale skeletal myoglobin (MYO) on BALB/c thymus antigen‐binding lymphocytes (ABL), was compared with that of fluorescent (green) labelled chicken antibodies to mouse Fab fragments [CAM(Fab')2]. The distribution of antigen and antisera against the Thy‐1 antigen and H‐2d determinants was also compared.

The frequency of ABL ranged from 0.2 to 1% and binding to these cells could be inhibited by the appropriate unlabelled antigen and CAM(Fab')2. Thymus ABL were 100% positive for Thy‐1 antigen when doubly stained using fluorescent rabbit anti‐mouse immunoglobulin (RAM Ig) in an indirect fluorescence assay, but only 0‐10% of ABL were positive for binding of RAM Ig alone, indicating that nearly all ABL are T‐cells.

Coincidence studies of patches of antigen and the various ligands were carried out by comparing coded fluorescence photomicrographs of randomly selected thymus ABL. Of thirty‐six ABL stained with anti‐thy‐1 antiserum, all but four cells had at least one patch of antigen which was not shared with antiserum. Of thirty‐six ABL stained with anti‐H‐2d serum, none had completely shared patches of antigen and antiserum. Of the forty ABL stained with CAM(Fab')2, every cell had every patch of antigen also patched with the anti‐Ig reagent. We intepret our results to indicate that the primary receptor for antigen on antigen‐binding T‐cells is either the Ig‐like molecule on the T‐cell surface or exists in close proximity to this molecule.
B‐COMPLEX GENETIC CONTROL OF IMMUNE RESPONSE TO HSA, (T,G)‐A–L, GT AND OTHER SUBSTANCES IN CHICKENS
Authors: Pevzner I. Y. , Trowbridge Carolyn L. , Nordskog A. W.
Published: April 2007

Immune response to poly‐(l‐tyrosine‐l‐glutamic acid)‐poly‐d, l‐alanine‐poly‐l‐lysine ((T,G)‐A–L), human serum albumin (HSA), and (l‐glutamic acid50, l‐tyrosine50)n (GT) was found to be linked to the B complex in an outbred line of Leghorns segregating for the B1, B2, and B19 alleles. Birds of the blood group genotypes B1B1, B2B2, and B19B19 were low, intermediate, and high responders, respectively to either (T,G)‐A–L or HSA. Response to GT, however, differed, with the B2B2 genotype being the only responder. No real genotype differences in immune response to DNP‐conjugates and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) could be detected.
UNEXPECTED LYMPHO‐CYTOTOXIC REACTIONS OF ANTI‐H‐2 SERA ON NORMAL LYMPH‐NODE CELLS: ARE THEY DUE TO ALTERED H‐2 STRUCTURES OR ANTI‐VIRAL ANTIBODIES?
Authors: Ivanyi P. , Mourik P. van , Breuning M. , Melief C. J. M.
Published: April 2007

When testing the serum of an individual anti‐H‐2 immunized mouse (B10 x A.SW)F1 anti‐B10.M by the routine micro‐lymphocytotoxicity test on lymph‐node cells, unexpected antibodies were found. The most striking finding was that after absorption of anti‐H‐2.8 antibodies with B10.A(2R) (Kk) cells, antibodies remained which reacted with AKR, B10.AKM and B10.A V + mice while B10.A V‐, B10.BR and C3H mice were negative. While all these strains share the Kk allele, only the positively reacting strains express high titres of infectious RNA turnover viruses. Unexpected reactions were observed also with H‐2d, H‐2j and H‐2r cells and absorption experiments indicated two or three antibody populations.

These reactions could be interpreted by two different possibilities: (1) anti‐H‐2 antibodies react with virus‐altered H‐2 structures; and (2) antiviral antibodies react with H‐2 structures complexed with viruses. These possibilities should be taken into account when H‐2 sera are tested on tumour or virus‐infected cells.
A STRAIN SURVEY OF AGE‐DEPENDENT CHANGES IN ANTIGEN ELIMINATION, ANTIBODY FORMATION AND TOLERANCE
Authors: Nakano K. , Cinader B.
Published: April 2007

A strain survey has been undertaken to examine polymorphism of age‐dependent changes in antigen elimination, immune responsiveness and tolerance inducibility. In young mice of tested strains, other than C57BL/6J, aggregate‐freed mouse Ig was eliminated faster than was the xenogeneic Ig (RGG); C57BL/6J was the only exception. The rate of elimination increased with age in all strains, tested. Antibody formation to RGG decreased in 3 (BALB/cJ, 129/J, DBA/2J) out of the eleven strains tested at 5‐7 and 31‐40 weeks of age; there was a considerable strain variation in the extent of this decrease. Age‐dependent resistance to tolerance induction was observed in a fraction of animals of H‐2 haplotypes, H‐2k and H‐2d.
GENE DELETION AND GENE DUPLICATION WITHIN THE CLUSTER OF HUMAN HEAVY‐CHAIN GENES: SELECTIVE ABSENCE OF IgG SUB‐CLASSES
Authors: Loghem Erna van , Sukernik R. I. , Osipova L. P. , Zegers B. J. M. , Matsumoto H. , Lange and Gerda de , Lefrance G.
Published: April 2007

Individuals with selective absence of IgG1 and IgG2 were discovered by testing for allotypes and isotypes of the respective sub‐classes. These individuals were homozygous for sub‐class deleted Gm‐Am haplotypes, as shown by allotype studies in two families (Gm‐;…;g;A2ml/Gm‐;n;b;A2ml and Gm‐;n;b;A2ml/Gm‐;…;b;A2ml) and by a population study of New Guineans (Gm fa;‐;b;A2m2). The individuals with IgGl sub‐class deficiency showed elevation of IgG2, IgG4 and in particular of IgG3.

Gene deletion can result from unequal crossing over which renders a complementary chromosome with a duplication of a sub‐class gene. In one family, duplication of γ3 genes was observed to have happened in one of a twin pair. Quantitation of sub‐classes in families with γ1‐ and with γ3‐duplicated haplotypes did not show increased levels of the gene involved.
ALLOGENEIC RESTRICTION IN THE RAT: GENETIC BASIS OF RESTRICTION OF THE T CELL MEDIATORS OF DELAYED‐TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE TO LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES*
Authors: Jungi T. W. , McGregor D. D.
Published: April 2007

The genetic basis of the restriction imposed on T cell mediating acquired antimicrobial resistance and delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) to Listeria in the rat was investigated. Sharing of MHC‐coded genes between donors of sensitized T cells and antigen‐stimulated recipients was both necessary and sufficient for efficient transfer of both resistance and DTH. Evidence to support this assumption was derived from experiments involving allogeneic transfers within major histocompatibility complex (MHC)‐compatible strains and across MHC‐barriers. Further support came from linkage studies with backcrossed rats and with the progeny of F1 rats mated with an unrelated strain. An unexpected difference in the compatibility requirements for effective transfer of DTH and resistance was noted in experiments involving the BI strain (formerly called B3). Thus, while B‐region compatibility was obligatory for expression of DTH in recipients of sensitized T cells, considerable levels of protection could be transferred to either A‐region or B‐region compatible hosts.
IMMUNOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF Mg ERYTHROCYTES
Authors: Dahr W. , Metaxas‐Bühler M. , Metaxas M. N. , Gallasch E.
Published: April 2007

The major erythrocyte membrane (MN) sialoglycoprotein in Mg red cells was found to exhibit a slightly decreased sodium‐dodecyl‐sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic molecular weight and periodic acid/Schiff staining intensity. Mg antigen activity was shown to be associated with this molecule. As judged from chemical modification experiments, no carbohydrate but the glycoprotein's N‐terminal amino acid is involved in the Mg receptor site. The endgroup of the glycoprotein was found to leucine and studies involving Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease suggest that a glutamic acid is located at the fitth position of its peptide chain. This indicates that the Mgs gene complex evolved from a mutation of an Ns allele. An amino acid substitution or deletion at the second, third and/or fourth position(s), preventing the glycosylation of all or some of these amino acids, provides an explanation for the properties of Mg erythrocytes.
GENETIC CONTROL OF ALLOGENEIC INTERACTIONS IN THE GUINEA‐PIG: II. EVIDENCE FOR ALLOANTIGEN‐SPECIFIC SUPPRESSOR CELLS IN THE GUINEA‐PIG MIXED LEUKOCYTE CULTURE
Authors: Geczy A. F. , Coulits Nelly
Published: April 2007

The cellular basis of B.2‐associated unresponsiveness in the guinea‐pig MLC has been investigated. Macrophage‐enriched and macrophage‐depleted lymphoid cells were treated with alloantisera and complement and the ability of these antiserum‐treated cell populations to present alloantigens to T lymphocytes investigated. It was found that B.2‐specific suppressor cells can be eliminated from macrophage‐depleted but not from macrophage‐enriched stimulator cells with anti‐B.2 serum and complement. By contrast, antiserum directed against allodeterminants on responding cells had no detectable influence on the MLC. Nylon wool column‐purified B.2‐specific T cells but not B.1‐specific T cells, suppress the MLC between B.1‐positive (stimulator cells) and B.2‐positive (responding cells) lymphoid cells. Furthermore, anti‐B.2 serum‐treated column‐purified B.2‐specific T cells lose their ability to suppress the MLC reaction. It is concluded that B.2‐specific MLC suppressor cells are T cells which are sensitive to lysis by alloantiserum in the presence of complement.
LOCATION OF LyM‐1 LOCUS ON MUS MUSCULUS CHROMOSOME 1
Authors: Sato H. , Natsuume‐Sakai S. , Katagiri M. , Itakura K.
Published: April 2007

Following segregation of the alleles at the Sas‐1, LyM‐1 and M1s in the (AKR/J x C3H/HeJ)F1 x C3H/HeJ backcross progeny, we found the locus responsible for the lymphocyte alloantigen LyM‐1 to be closely linked to Sas‐1 and M1s. The map distances are estimated to be 12.5 ± 3.9 for Sas‐1 to LyM‐1, 6.9 ± 3.0 for LyM‐1 to M1s and 19.4 ± 4.7 for Sas‐1 to M1s. These data clearly indicate that the gene order is Sas‐1‐LyM‐1‐M1s on Mus musculus chromosome 1.
THE RARE Rh HAPLOTYPES ‐D‐ AND — IN A FAMILY WITH A ‐D‐/— PROPOSITUS
Authors: Kendrick L. , Dunstan‐Adams C. , Humphreys J. , Plantos M. , Moore B. P. L. , Lomas C. , Daniels G. L.
Published: April 2007

A family is described in which the propositus and her compatible sister have the Rh genotype ‐D/—. The — haplotype is inherited from the paternal side and the ‐D‐ haplotype from the maternal side of the family.
GENETIC CONTROL OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO MYOGLOBIN: VIII. CONTROL OF ANTIBODY AFFINITY
Authors: Young C. R. , O'Connor G. P. , Atassi M. Z.
Published: April 2007

We have previously shown that the antibody response to mammalian myoglobins is under genetic control. In the present study we examined antibodies to sperm‐whale, Atlantic bottlenosed dolphin, Black Sea dolphin, horse and badger myoglobins, raised in high responder strains of mice, to ascertain whether there is genetic control of antibody affinity to mammalian myoglobins. Using antisera of varying dilutions, the binding to 125I‐labelled homologous myoglobins was studied by inhibition with homologous myoglobin over a wide range of inhibitor concentration in a modified Farr assay. The results indicated that there are no large differences between high responder strains of mice in the affinity of antibodies to mammalian myoglobins.
IMPORTANCE OF NON‐H‐2 GENES IN THE CONTROL OF THE IN VIVO GROWTH OF THE VIRUS INDUCED LYMPHOMA YC8
Authors: Colombo M. P. , Pzarmiani G.
Published: April 2007

The genetic control of the in vivo growth of the Moloney virus‐induced BALB/c lymphoma YC8 was studied in F1 hybrids between BALB/c and several strains differing at the MHC and/or at the level of non‐H‐2 genes. Parental strains of the B10 and C3Hf but not of A, BALB/c or DBA/2 backgrounds introduced a significant resistance to the growth of 102 YC8 cells (a dose able to kill 100% of BALB/c mice) in semisyngeneic hosts. This resistance appeared to be due to non‐H‐2 genes although a modulation of the tumour growth by genes encoded by the MHC was also evident. The study of backcrosses between susceptible BALB/c and resistant (BALB/c x B10.BR)F1 crosses revealed that 83% of animals developed lethal tumors after injection of 102 YC8 cells. This high frequency of tumour takes was not linked to genes of the MHC. Adult thymectomy plus sublethal irradiation was able to abrogate the resistance of (BALB/c x B10.BR) or (BALB/c x B10.RIII)F1 mice to YC8 growth. Since the injection of silica also impaired the resistance to YC8, we tentatively concluded that the genetic control of resistance to YC8 is mediated both by T cells and macrophage‐like cells.
Gm, Am, Pi and Km MARKERS IN MESANGIAL IGA GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Authors: Petit*, J. C. Le , Loghem, Erna Van, , Lange, Gerdade , Berthoux, F. C. , And Colette Chapuis Cellier , Serre J. L.
Published: April 2007

No. Gm, Am, Pi, and Km gene frequency difference has been observed between eighty‐seven Caucasin IgA nephropathies and ninety‐six controls. But a Km1 significant increase is found in patients with chronic renal failure compared with the total patients group. This data fits for a genetic predisposition factor in IgA nephropathy.
INCOMPATIBILITY FOR OR PRE‐IMMUNIZATION AGAINST M1s DETERMINANTS DECREASES LETHAL GRAFT‐VERSUS‐HOST REACTION DEVELOPED ACROSS NON ‐ H ‐ 2 AND/OR H‐2 BARRIERS
Authors: Halle‐Pannenko* Olga , Festenstein Hilliard
Published: April 2007

The effect of incompatibility for Mls determinants was studied in lethal graft‐versus‐host reaction (GVHR) in the mouse. GVHR was induced in adult recipients of the following H‐2k strains: (AKR x B10.BR)F1 (MlsB/Mlsb); (C3H x B10.BR)F1 (Mlsc/Mlsb); (CBA/J x B10.BR)F1 (Mlsd/Mlsb) and (CBA/H x B10.BR)F1 (Mlsb). Recipient mice were heavily irradiated and grafted with bone marrow and spleen cells from H‐2 compatible B10.BR (H‐2k, Mlsb) or H‐2 incompatible B10.D2 and B10 donors were normal, while those from B10.BR donors were either normal or pre‐immunized against the recipient strains. In all experiments the survival of recipients with Mlsa/Mlsb and Mlsd/Mlsb phenotypes, and only in one experiment of those with Mlsc/Mlsb phenotype was greater and/or the survival time longer than that of recipients expressing only Mlsb. However, late deaths (> 120 days post grafting) observed after grafting of normal B10.BR cells were more frequent in Mlsd/Mlsb than in Mlsb strains. On the other hand, when B10.BR donor cells were pre‐immunized against H‐2k compatible (AKR x B10.BR)F1 (Mlsa/Mlsb) or (CBA/J x B10.BR)F1 (Mlsd/Mlsb) strains, the survival time of H‐2 incompatible (B10 x B10.BR)F1 (H‐2b/k, Mlsb) recipients was longer than when donor cells were pre‐immunized against (CBA/H x B10.BR)F1 (Mlsb) strain. We conclude that donor incompatibility for Mlsa or Mlsd or donor‐pre‐immunization against Mlsa or Mlsd exerts a protective effect on lethal GVHR developed across non‐H‐2 or H‐2 barriers; the protective effect of Mlsc is less efficient or absent. The Mls‐induced protective effect shows the following properties: (a) efficiency in vivo correlates with the capacity of the corresponding alleles to stimulate an in vitro MLR; (b) is efficient in either primary or secondary response to other minor antigens; (c) is not H‐2 restricted; (d) is nonspecific; (e) disappears late after grafting; (f) with respect to the genetic background, the early protective effect is followed, late after grafting, by an opposite effect which increases the mortality, suggesting that M/s locus determinants are capable of activating several cell populations with different biological functions.
MURINE IMMUNE MEMORY TO A TI‐2 ANTIGEN, DNP‐FICOLL: CARRIER‐SPECIFICITY, GENETIC ENHANCEMENT AND PHENOTYPIC DOMINANT INHERITANCE
Authors: Schott C. F. , Lizzio Elaine F. , Merchant B.
Published: April 2007

C3H/HeN x NZB/BIN F1 mice were primed and challenged with DNP‐Ficoll, a thymic independent (TI‐2) antigen. They developed strong IgM and IgG carrier‐specific memory responses: DNP‐pneumococcal polysaccharide or DNP‐haemocyanin challenge did not elicit memory responses. The IgG response component appeared to be inherited dominantly from the C3H/HeN parent. The IgM component resulted from genetic enhancement.
A MARMOSET T LYMPHOMA WHICH FUNCTIONS AS A HUMAN AMPLIFIER T CELL
Authors: Marchalonis J. J. , Strelkauskas A. J.
Published: April 2007

A long‐term in vitro grown T cell line derived from a cotton‐topped marmoset (Saguinus oedipus)) infected with Herpesvirus saimiri was found to share surface antigens with human amplifier T cells and to augment the capacity of human B cells to secrete immunoglobulin. This is the first demonstration of T/B collaboration across such a large phylogenetic barrier and might have interesting implications for understanding the nature of molecular interactions mediating cell/cell cooperation.
ANTIBODIES TO HUMAN Ia‐LIKE ANTIGENS AND HETEROLOGOUS ANTI‐HUMAN LYMPHOCYTE SERA
Authors: Wilson B. S. , Ferrone S.
Published: April 2007

Serolgoical and immunochemical assays detected antibodies to human la‐like antigens in five out of five rabbit antisera to cultured human B lymphoid cells but did not detect them in five bleedings from two rabbits immunized with human peripheral blood lymphocytes. These results, which may reflect differential immunogenicity of la‐like antigens from different cells, indicate that the presence of anti la‐like antibodies in heterologous antihuman lymphocyte sera is not a general phenomenon as reported recently for animal model systems.
SHORT COMMUNICATION: MOUSE MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY AGAINST Lyt ‐ 1.1 ALLOANTIGEN *
Authors: Pierres M. , Rebouah J.‐P. , Liabeuf A. , Dosseto M.
Published: April 2007

A cloned hybridoma, producing an IgM kappa antibody, has been derived from a fusion between NSI myeloma cells and spleen cells from BALB/c mice immune to CBA lymphocytes. Its specificity for Lyt‐1.1 alloantigen has been established from (1) the lymphoid tissue distribution restricted to T cells and (2) the reactivity pattern on a panel of thymocytes from standard and Lyt congenic mouse strains.
GENETIC LINKAGE AND CELL DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS OF T CELL ALLOANTIGENS IN THE RAT
Authors: Greiner D. L. , Barton R. W. , Goldschneider I. , Lubaroff D. M.
Published: April 2007

The T cell alloantigens A.R.T.‐1, A.R.T.‐2, Pta, Ag‐F and RT‐Ly‐2 were examined for linkage to albinism and the haemoglobin variant Hbb, and for cell expression similarities in the rat. The A.R.T.‐1 alloantigen was not linked to either A.R.T.‐2, albinism or Hbb. The A.R.T.‐2 alloantigen was demonstrated to be closely associated to albinism and Hbb with a recombination frequency of approximately 3% with albinism and 1% with Hbb. The four recombinants (out of 104 animals examined) were subsequently analysed with alloantisera to Ag‐F, Pta and RT‐Ly‐2. These alloantisera detected an antigenic system(s) which appeared to co‐segregate with A.R.T.‐2 in the recombinants studied Characterization of the specific T cell populations expressing each alloantigen demonstrated that removal of the cells bearing any one of the alloantigens removed all the cells expressing any of the other alloantigens. These results demonstrate that the four alloantigenic systems A.R.T.‐2, Pta, Ag‐F and RT‐Ly‐2 are located in the same genetic region of linkage group I, and appear to be expressed on the same peripheral T cell subpopulation(s) in the rat.
A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY TO THE HIGH FREQUENCY RED CELL ANTIGEN JMH
Authors: Daniels G. L. , Knowles R. W.
Published: April 2007

A monoclonal antibody, H8, was produced which binds to a red cell antigen of very high frequency absent only from the red cells of JMH negative individuals. Serologically H8 reacts like human anti‐JMH.
COMPARISON OF THE SEGREGATION OF SHEEP HISTOCOMPATIBILITY GENES OLA‐A1, A8, B7, B9 AND OLX‐5 IN EIGHTEEN HAMSTER X SHEEP FIBROBLAST HYBRID LINES
Authors: MILLOT P.
Published: April 2007

Four OLA factors of the ovine histocompatibility complex and the OLX‐5 factor were recognized in hamster cell x sheep fibroblast hybrids, by means of absorption of OLA reagents with hybrid cells. Segregation of these factors could be studied in eighteen independent hybrids. In the case described, the four OLA factors were distributed into two haplotypes isolated in some hybrids. The heterozygous OLX‐5 factor was linked to only one haplotype; nevertheless a dissociation, occurred in one hybrid (relative to five simultaneous transmissions), is in agreement with a previous genetic study showing a loose linkage between the OLA complex and the OLX locus.
GENETIC PARAMETERS OF THE POLYGENIC REGULATION OF ANTIBODY RESPONSIVENESS TO FLAGELLAR AND SOMATIC ANTIGENS OF SALMONELLAE
Authors: Sant' Anna O. A. , Ferreira V. C. A. , Reis M. H. , Gennari M. , Ibañez O. M. , Esteves M. B. , Mouton D. , Biozzi G.
Published: April 2007

Selective breedings of mice were carried out for quantitative antibody responsiveness to flagellar Ag., f (Selection III) or somatic Ag., s (Selection IV) of two non cross‐reaction Salmonellae (Salm. tm., Salm. or.) alternated for immunization of consecutive generations. At the selection limit, these selections produced homozygous high (H) and low (L) responder lines for the character investigated: peak agglutinin response to optimal secondary immunization. The responsiveness to both f and s Ags. is submitted to polygenic regulation. The heritability (h2) realized during the selective breeding was 0.37 ± 0.07 for the response to f Ag. and 0.40 ± 0.1 for the response to s Ag. The respective part of genetic and environmental variance in F2 hybrids was 64% and 36% in selection III and 61% and 39% in selection IV. In the two selections, the dominance variance is negligible (<1%), therefore the genetic variance is essentially additive. The additive variance calculated as the heritable fraction of the F2 hybrid variance is somewhat lower, the reason for this difference is discussed. The quantitative antibody response to f Ag. in selection III is controlled by about seven independent loci. The antibody response to s Ag. in selection IV is controlled by about four independent loci. A possible association of relevant genes with the H‐2 locus was investigated. In selection III, no significant participation of H‐2 linked genes, in the regulation of responses to f and s Ags. of Salm, tm and Salm. or. could be demonstrated. In selection IV a partial contribution of H‐2 linked genes was observed concerning responsiveness to both f and s Ags. of Salm. tm.. but not to Salm. or. Ags. The H‐2 effect accounts for 25% of the total interline difference.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MATERNAL Gm ALLOTYPE AND NEONATAL SEPTICAEMIA WITH GROUP B STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: Grubb, R. , Christensen,* K. K. , Christensen P. , Lindén V.
Published: April 2007

Thirty‐four mothers to infants seriously infected with group B streptococci (GBS) were investigated for Glm(1) and G3m(5) allotype markers. The frequency of Gm(1, ‐5) was 14.7%, of Gm(1, 5) 20.6% and Gm(‐1, 5) 64.7%. There was a marked deficit of Gm(1) individuals and the distribution significantly differed from that in the normal Swedish population.
ACCELERATED DEVELOPMENT OF Th‐2 TYPE OF HELPER EFFECT IN MRL/MpJ‐lpr/lpr AND BXSB/MpJ MICE
Authors: Matsuzawa T. , Cinader B.
Published: April 2007

Age‐dependent changes, during adult life, in suppressor capacity and B cell responsiveness have been known for some time. In this paper, an age dependent change in helper function, is being reported. A Th‐2 type of helper effect can be observed in tissue culture of spleen cells from animals sensitized with a macromolecule. An indirect plaque‐forming response to the hapten occurs when the spleen cells are exposed to the sensitizing macromolecule and to the hapten conjugated to a carrier, structurally unrelated to the sensitizing macromolecule. There is considerable polymorphism in the age at which this effect is first demonstrable and at which it reaches mature levels. Mice of inbred strains, with various defects in the suppressor cell circuit (SJL/J, MRL/MpJ‐lpr/lpr, BXSB/MpJ) show an accelerated development of Th‐2 helper capacity in the indirect plaque‐forming response.
IgG HEAVY CHAIN ALLOTYPES (Gm) IN ATROPHIC AND GOITROUS THYROIDITIS
Authors: Nakao Y. , Matsumoto H. , Miyazaki T. , Farid N. R.
Published: April 2007

We typed coded sera from 135 healthy controls, seventy‐six patients with autoimmne goitrous and seventy‐three with atrophic thyroiditis for IgG heavy chain markers (Gm). All subjects were Caucasian from Newfoundland. An increase in the Gm phenotype ag was found in the 149 patients with thyroiditis compared to controls (X12= 5.82, P <0.01); significance was, however, not maintained after correction for the number of variables tested. The difference in ag phenotype was more pronounced among the seventy‐three patients with atrophic thyroiditis (X12= 8.80 corrected P < 0.05). Because the haplotype ag was not significantly increased in this group, we conclude that homozygotes for Gm ag are at an increased risk of developing atrophic thyroiditis.
SEROLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR A PARTIAL t‐HAPLOTYPE IN THE RAT
Authors: Artzt Karen , Lockwood Marilyn , Bennett Dorothea , Kunz H. W. , Gill III T. J.
Published: April 2007

Recently, Gill and Kunz (1979, 1980) reported an MHC‐linked recessive mutation in the rat, grc, which causes reduced viability and male sterility. Using a mouse anti‐tsemilethal antiserum and a rat anti‐grc antiserum, we have obtained evidence that the grc haplotype codes for t‐antigens.
THE RANGE AND FINE SPECIFICITY OF THE ANTI‐HAPTEN IMMUNE RESPONSE: PHYLOGENETIC STUDIES
Authors: Litman G. W. , Stolen Joanne S. , Sarvas H. O. , Mäkelä O.
Published: April 2007

Heterodontus francisci(horned shark) andPseudopleuronectes americanus(winter flounder) were immunized with furyl‐oxazolone (furyl‐Ox) and phenyl‐oxazolone (phenyl‐Ox) coupled either to bacteria or protein carriers. The antibodies produced were measured by inactivation of furyl‐ or phenyl‐Ox conjugated bacteriophage, and their affinity and fine specificity were estimated by inhibition of phage inactivation with a series of structurally related hapten analogues. In both species, post‐immunization peak titres were 100 to 2000 times higher than preimmunization titres.A number of unique features distinguishedHeterodontusantibodies fromPseudopleuronectesor mammalian antibodies.Heterondontusantibodies exhibited a lower affinity for the immunizing hapten (furyl‐Ox or phenyl‐Ox) and a reduced ability to distinguish the homologous immunogenic hapten from its structural analogues. In addition,Heterodontusantibodies exhibited a lower level of inter‐individual variation in affinity and fine specificity than didPseudopleuronectesor mammalian IgM antibodies; this was especially prominent in anti‐furyl‐Ox responses. Typically the affinity and fine specificity ofHeterodontusantibodies did not change over the 146‐day period of immunization and were not influenced by the nature of the carrier. The implications of these findings in terms of the phylogenetic origins of antibody diversity are discussed.
A GENE MAPPING BETWEEN THE S AND D REGIONS OF THE H‐2 COMPLEX INFLUENCES RESISTANCE TO TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS INFECTIONS OF MICE
Authors: Wassom D. L. , Brooks B. O. , Babish J. G. , David C. S.
Published: April 2007

The strains B 10.S(7R), B 10.S(23 R) and B 10.S(24R), all thought to be genetically identical, differ in levels of susceptibility to infection with Trichinella spiralis. In a series of nine independent experiments, B 10.S(7R) was shown to be more susceptible than the other two strains. In another series of seven experiments, the strain B 10.A(18R) was shown to be more susceptible to infection with T. spiralis than the strains B 10.S(21R) or B 10.BAR‐5, all of which were thought to share common H‐2 alleles. These results indicate that a gene mapping between the S and D loci influences susceptibility to infection with T. spiralis. Typing of these strains for Qa and Tl loci rule out the possibility of a double crossover accounting for the differences observed. The new gene is designated Ts‐2. Previously published data have also been reinterpreted and another gene Ts‐1 is shown to be associated with the Aβ locus. When the d allele is expressed at the Ts‐2 locus, strains of mice expressing s, q, f or b alleles at Ts‐1 are rendered more susceptible to infection.
ANALYSIS OF THE B10.D2‐H‐2d m l MUTANT WITH MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
Authors: Tonkonogy Susan L. , Rinchik E. M. , Amos D. B.
Published: April 2007

We compared H‐2D products of B10.D2 and the mutant B10.D2‐H‐2dml spleen cells using two monoclonal antibodies designated D3.179 and S11.7. D3.179 reacts with public specificities and appears to define more than one product as shown by cytotoxicity and binding studies. Strong reactivity was obtained in both binding and cytotoxicity and binding studies. Strong reactivity was obtained in both binding and cytotoxicity to B10.D2 and marginal cytotoxicity and low binding were observed with B10.D2‐H‐2dml cells. The second monoclonal antibody S11.7, in contrast, reacts only with H‐2Dd bearing strains and gave strong binding to B10.D2‐H‐2dml and weaker binding to B10.D2. Taken together, the observations indicate that the mutant not only expresses H‐2D, encoded antigens but bear quantitatively greater amounts of some specificities than the parent. A Product of approximately 46,000 daltons was immunoprecipitated from B10.D2 cells by D3.179. Very small amounts of this product were seen in B10.D2‐H‐2dml immunoprecipitates.
STUDIES OF CONGENITALLY IMMUNOLOGICALLY MUTANT NEW ZEALAND MICE: VIII. CELL‐SURFACE PHENOTYPE OF SPLEEN CELLS OF Xid AND NUDE MICE
Authors: Skelly R. R. , Bray K. R. , Gershwin M. E. , Dumont F. , Ahmed A.
Published: April 2007

Surface immunoglobulin on spleen cells from NZB and NZB/W mice and congenic mice bearing the nude or X‐linked immune defective (Xid) gene was examined by flow microfluorometry with regard to both the frequency of positive cells and density expressed on the cell. These data indicate that although the frequency of unseparated sIg+ B lymphocytes is equivalent among all of these groups of mice, the densities of sIgM and sIgD are different. Spleen cells from these mice were also separated by free‐flow electrophoresis and analyzed in a similar manner. This analysis demonstrated the absence of a subpopulation of B lymphocytes with a low electrophoretic mobility and low expression of sIgM. These studies suggest that maturational and/or activation states of the B cells in mice bearing the Xid or nude genes are different from those seen in the parent strains of mice. Such alterations in cell‐surface antigens correlate with differences in the natural history of immunopathology of the autoimmune disease in these congenic colonies of New Zealand mice.
GENETIC LINKAGE OF SUBGROUP C ROUS SARCOMA VIRUS‐INDUCED TUMOR EXPRESSION IN CHICKENS TO THE IR‐GAT LOCUS OF THE B COMPLEX
Authors: Gebriel G. M. , Nordskog A. W.
Published: April 2007

Two B complex genotypes, B1B1 and B19B19, of outbred line S1, were tested for low and high immune response to GAT, from which four recombinants were recovered: B1B1 GAT‐hi and lo, and B19B19 GAT‐hi and ‐lo. Also included in the study were birds of B2B2 genotype with an intermediate level of immune response to GAT.A total of 225 birds of these groups were challenged with the Bryan strain of Rous Sarcoma virus subgroup C, RSV (RAV‐7), by inoculation into the wing web at five weeks of age. The B1B1 genotype had the lowest percentage of regressors (17.6%), B19B19 had the highest (42.2%), and the B2B2 genotype was intermediate (23.7%). Combining the results of GAT response over the B1B1 and B19B19 genotypes, 14.0% of GAT‐lo and 37.8% of GAT‐hi regressed their tumours, respectively. The highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) difference between the combined GAT‐hi and ‐lo groups would suggest that the Rs locus controlling tumour regression induced by the subgroup C virus is closely linked to the region controlling immune response to GAT, but the data also provides evidence that the B‐F region of the B complex also plays an important role in RSV‐induced tumour regression.
LATENT IMMUNOGLOBULIN G (Gm) ALLOTYPES: OCCURRENCE IN THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID IN SOME NEUROPATHOLOGICAL STATES
Authors: Salier J‐P. , Goust, J‐M. , Link, H. , Pandey J. P. , Daveau Maryvonne , Fudenberg H. H.
Published: April 2007

Gm allotypes were detected and quantitated by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in paired serum and CSF samples from patients suffering from various neurological diseases. Of 115 patients with neurological disorders (65 MS and 50 others), seven subjects displayed one or two allotypes in their CSF which were absent in serum. The Gm phenotype in the patient's serum allowed us to infer the genotype without the need of familial data. A comparison of the regression curves obtained in RIA from the unexpected allotype in CSF and the counterpart in a normal serum pool argued for an identity of the Gm antigen carried by both inhibitory molecules. The unexpected allotype(s) in CSF can be considered as the product of a latent Gm gene which may be activated by either immune perturbations due to the disease per se or some particular immune regulations in the central nervous system.
C4 AND HLA HAPLOTYPES ASSOCIATED WITH PARTIAL INHIBITION OF ANTI‐RG AND ANTI‐CH
Authors: Giles C. M. , Batchelor J. R. , Dodi I. A. , Fielder A. H. L. , Rittner Ch. , Mauff G. , Bender K. , Levene C. , Schreuder G. M. Th. , Wells L. J.
Published: April 2007

Rg and Ch typing was performed, by serum inhibition, on 145 families that had been typed for HLA/C4/BF/C2 with a view to assessing partial inhibition (p.i.) of anti‐Rg/Ch and its haplotype associations. Rg p.i. was found predominatly with the C4A*3A*,2,B*QO homoduplicated C4 haplotype and BFF. The original type of Ch p.i. (Nordhagen et al., 1980) was closely associated with the allotype C4B 2, which also occasionally exhibited complete inhibition (c.i.), but this Ch p.i. was also found with the C4A*1,B*QO haplotype (Rittner et al., 1984a). The second type of Ch p.i. (Giles, 1984) was closely associated with the C4B 1 allotype most frequently in the haplotype C4A*6,B*1 but also with C4A*3,B*1. Both types of Ch p.i. are usually found with BF S. The present data indicate that the determinants of Rg and Ch are not directly related to any particular C4 allotype or extended haplotype.

Further examples of C4A 1 with Ch and C4B 5 without Ch determinants have been detected and theoretical considerations are discussed as to how they might have arisen from unequal crossovers in homologous regions that result in hybrid protein molecules.
HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSES IN MURINE PREGNANCY
Authors: Bell S. C.
Published: April 2007

The relationship between the ability of female inbred mice to produce an anti‐paternal humoral immune response to allogeneic multiparity and the genotype of the female and male strains has been investigated. Only three, all H‐2b haplotype strains, were ‘responder’ strains and produced anti‐paternal alloantibody which did not exhibit C'‐dependent cytotoxicity. ‘Non‐responder’ strains produced no alloantibody in spite of multiple pregnancies with H‐2 and non‐H‐2 incompatible male strains. However, even responder strains did not produce alloantibody with all incompatible male strains. The absence of a response in a responder strain mated with a male strain differing at only the H‐2 locus implicated a role for non‐H‐2 influences. A study of the specificityo of pregnancy‐induced alloantibody suggested that this represented only a fraction of the total alloantibody population induced by conventional immunization in the same strain combination. It is suggested that in pregnancy only the anti non‐H‐2 humoral responses remain similar to those induced by immunization, whereas anti‐H‐2 humoral responses are either absent or are restricted to a fraction of the total foreign H‐2 specificities presented. These observations are discussed in relation to the nature of the immunogenic stimulus in pregnancy and the expression of histocompatibility antigens on the feto‐placental unit.
INTERACTIVE EFFECT OF GENES ASSOCIATED WITH IMMUNOGLOBULIN ALLOTYPES AND HLA SPECIFICITIES ON SUSCEPTIBILITY TO HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE DISEASE
Authors: Granoff Dan M. , Boies Eyla , Squires Janet , Pandey Janardan P. , Suarez Brian , Oldfather John , Rodey Glenn E.
Published: April 2007

Genes associated with immunoglobulin (Ig) allotype determinants are important in regulation of immune responses to bacterial polysaccharides. Furthermore, loci associated with Ig allotypes have been reported to interact with those associated with the major histocompatibility complex and affect susceptibility to certain diseases. In the present study we determined the frequencies of certain Gm phenotypes in patients with Haemophilus meningitis or epiglottitis and in controls. HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐DR specificities had previously been determined in the majority of these subjects. Although no Ig phenotype was associated with increased or decreased relative risk of disease, the frequencies of several combinations of HLA specificities and Ig phenotypes were significantly different from those of controls. Thus, for subjects with the Gm phenotype (1, 3, 17; 23; 5, 13, 21), the risk of Haemophilus meningitis or epiglottitis was lower in individuals with HLA‐B5 than in those without this specificity (odds ratio <0.1, P < 0.004). In contrast, for subjects with the closely related Gm phenotype differing only by the absence of Gm(23), (1, 3, 17; 5, 13, 21), the risk of disease was higher in those with HLA‐DR3 than in individuals who lacked DR3 (odds ratio = 11.0, P = 0.02). Although the present data require confirmation in an independent sample, they suggest that complex interactions between genes at two independent loci controlling HLA and Ig allotypes, respectively, may affect susceptibility to Haemophilus disease