bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zebrafish as a new model to study effects of periodontal pathogens on cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Widziolek Magdalena , Prajsnar Tomasz K. , Tazzyman Simon , Stafford Graham P. , Potempa Jan , Murdoch Craig
Published: October 2016

Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is a keystone pathogen in the aetiology of chronic periodontitis. However, recent evidence suggests that the bacterium is also able to enter the bloodstream, interact with host cells and tissues, and ultimately contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Here we established a novel zebrafish larvae systemic infection model showing thatPgrapidly adheres to and penetrates the zebrafish vascular endothelium causing a dose- and time-dependent mortality with associated development of pericardial oedemas and cardiac damage. Thein vivomodel was then used to probe the role ofPgexpressed gingipain proteases using systemically delivered gingipain-deficientPgmutants, which displayed significantly reduced zebrafish morbidity and mortality compared to wild-type bacteria. In addition, we used the zebrafish model to show efficacy of a gingipain inhibitor (KYT) onPg-mediated systemic disease, suggesting its potential use therapeutically. Our data reveal the first real-timein vivoevidence of intracellularPgwithin the endothelium of an infection model and establishes that gingipains are crucially linked to systemic disease and potentially contribute to CVD.
Brain white matter plasticity and functional reorganization underlying the central pathogenesis of trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Tian Tian , Guo Linying , Xu Jing , Zhang Shun , Shi Jingjing , Liu Chengxia , Qin Yuanyuan , Zhu Wenzhen
Published: October 2016

Peripheral nerve damage does not fully explain the pathogenesis of trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Central nervous system changes can follow trigeminal nerve dysfunction. We hypothesized that brain white matter and functional connectivity changes in TN patients were involved in pain perception, modulation, the cognitive-affective system, and motor function; moreover, changes in functional reorganization were correlated with white matter alterations. Twenty left TN patients and twenty-two healthy controls were studied. Diffusion kurtosis imaging was analyzed to extract diffusion and kurtosis parameters, and functional connectivity density (FCD) mapping was used to explore the functional reorganization in the brain. In the patient group, we found lower axial kurtosis and higher axial diffusivity in tracts participated in sensory, cognitive-affective, and modulatory aspects of pain, such as the corticospinal tract, superior longitudinal fasciculus, anterior thalamic radiation, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, cingulated gyrus, forceps major and uncinate fasciculus. Patients exhibited complex FCD reorganization of hippocampus, striatum, thalamus, precentral gyrus, precuneus, prefrontal cortex and inferior parietal lobule in multiple modulatory networks that played crucial roles in pain perception, modulation, cognitive-affective system, and motor function. Further, the correlated structural-functional changes may be responsible for the persistence of long-term recurrent pain and sensory-related dysfunction in TN.
Lead chromate detected as a source of atmospheric Pb and Cr (VI) pollution
Authors: Lee Pyeong-Koo , Yu Soonyoung , Chang Hye Jung , Cho Hye Young , Kang Min-Ju , Chae Byung-Gon
Published: October 2016

Spherical black carbon aggregates were frequently observed in dust dry deposition in Daejeon, Korea. They were tens of micrometers in diameter and presented a mixture of black carbon and several mineral phases. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and selected area diffraction pattern (SADP) analyses confirmed that the aggregates were compact and included significant amounts of lead chromate (PbCrO4). The compositions and morphologies of the nanosized lead chromate particles suggest that they probably originated from traffic paint used in roads and were combined as discrete minerals with black carbon. Based on Pb isotope analysis and air-mass backward trajectories, the dust in Daejeon received a considerable input of anthropogenic pollutants from heavily industrialized Chinese cities, which implies that long-range transported aerosols containing PbCrO4 were a possible source of the lead and hexavalent chromium levels in East Asia. Lead chromate should be considered to be a source of global atmospheric Pb and Cr(VI) pollution, especially given its toxicity.
Mothers do it differently: reproductive experience alters fear extinction in female rats and women
Authors: Milligan-Saville J S , Graham B M
Published: October 2016

Fear extinction is the laboratory basis of exposure therapy for anxiety disorders. Recent findings have revealed that estradiol is necessary to the consolidation of extinction memories in females. These findings are based on studies conducted using virgin rats and young women whose reproductive history is unknown. We hypothesized that motherhood, which results in extensive endocrinological, neurobiological and behavioral changes, may lead to alterations in fear extinction in females. We used a cross-species translational approach to investigate the impact of reproductive experience on fear extinction and fear relapse in female rats (n=116) and women (n=64). Although freezing during extinction recall was associated with estrous cycle phase during extinction training in virgin rats, this association was mitigated in age-matched reproductively experienced rats, even when fear extinction occurred 3 months after pups had been weaned, and even though reproductively experienced rats exhibited attenuated serum estradiol levels. In addition, although serum estradiol levels predicted extinction recall in human women with no prior reproductive experience, no such association was found in women with children. Finally, although virgin rats displayed both renewal and reinstatement after fear extinction, these common relapse phenomena were absent in rats with reproductive experience. Together, these findings suggest that reproductive experience alters the endocrine and behavioral features of fear extinction in females long after the hormonal surges of pregnancy and lactation have diminished. These results highlight the need to incorporate both hormonal and reproductive status as important factors in current models of fear extinction in females.
Childhood adverse life events and parental psychopathology as risk factors for bipolar disorder
Authors: Bergink V , Larsen J T , Hillegers M H J , Dahl S K , Stevens H , Mortensen P B , Petersen L , Munk-Olsen T
Published: October 2016

Childhood adverse events are risk factors for later bipolar disorder. We quantified the risks for a later diagnosis of bipolar disorder after exposure to adverse life events in children with and without parental psychopathology. This register-based population cohort study included all persons born in Denmark from 1980 to 1998 (980 554 persons). Adversities before age 15 years were: familial disruption; parental somatic illness; any parental psychopathology; parental labour market exclusion; parental imprisonment; placement in out-of-home care; and parental natural and unnatural death. We calculated risk estimates of each of these eight life events as single exposure and risk estimates for exposure to multiple life events. Main outcome variable was a diagnosis of bipolar disorder after the age of 15 years, analysed with Cox proportional hazard regression. Single exposure to most of the investigated adversities were associated with increased risk for bipolar disorder, exceptions were parental somatic illness and parental natural death. By far the strongest risk factor for bipolar disorder in our study was any mental disorder in the parent (hazard ratio 3.53; 95% confidence interval 2.73–4.53) and the additional effects of life events on bipolar risk were limited. An effect of early adverse life events on bipolar risk later in life was mainly observed in children without parental psychopathology. Our findings do not exclude early-life events as possible risk factors, but challenge the concept of adversities as important independent determinants of bipolar disorder in genetically vulnerable individuals.
Determination of mercury in fish by photochemical vapor generation graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry
Authors: Potes Mariana da Luz , Kolling Leandro , de Jesus Alexandre , Dessuy Morgana Bazzan , Vale Maria Goreti Rodrigues , da Silva Márcia Messias
Published: October 2016

Hg was determined in fish samples treated with TMAH, using n-propanol to assist the photochemical vapor generation.
PCBM doped with fluorene-based polyelectrolytes as electron transporting layers for improving the performance of planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells
Authors: Huang Wei-Jie , Huang Pang-Hua , Yang Sheng-Hsiung
Published: October 2016

We report a novel fluorene-based polyelectrolyte carrying hexafluorophosphate counterions to dope into PCBM as an electron transporting layer (ETL).
SmCpR2-mediated cross-coupling of allyl and propargyl ethers with ketoesters and a telescoped approach to complex cycloheptanols
Authors: Plesniak Mateusz P. , Just-Baringo Xavier , Ortu Fabrizio , Mills David P. , Procter David J.
Published: October 2016

A selective coupling of allyl/propargyl ethers and δ-ketoesters, mediated by SmCpR2, delivers δ-lactones, or complex cycloheptanols via a telescoped approach.
Glycation induces conformational changes in the amyloid-β peptide and enhances its aggregation propensity: molecular insights
Authors: Jana Asis K. , Batkulwar Kedar B. , Kulkarni Mahesh J. , Sengupta Neelanjana
Published: October 2016

Underlying molecular insights into the higher aggregation propensity of the advanced glycation modified Aβ (or AGE-Aβ) from synchronizedin vitroandin silicostudies.
Atomistics of the lithiation of oxidized silicon (SiOx) nanowires in reactive molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Jung Hyun , Yeo Byung Chul , Lee Kwang-Ryeol , Han Sang Soo
Published: October 2016

The atomistic lithiation mechanism of silicon oxides (SiOx) is clarified using the ReaxFF reactive molecular dynamics simulation.
Chirped-pulse Fourier transform millimeter-wave spectroscopy of ten vibrationally excited states of i-propyl cyanide: exploring the far-infrared region
Authors: Arenas Benjamin E. , Gruet Sébastien , Steber Amanda L. , Giuliano Barbara M. , Schnell Melanie
Published: October 2016

The astrochemically relevant molecule i-propyl cyanide is studied in the millimetre wave frequency range. The extensive data set for isotopologues and ten vibrationally excited states will support further astronomical searches and identifications, such as in warmer regions of interstellar space.
Building 1D lanthanide chains and non-symmetrical [Ln2] “triple-decker” clusters using salen-type ligands: magnetic cooling and relaxation phenomena
Authors: Canaj Angelos B. , Siczek Milosz , Otręba Marta , Lis Tadeusz , Lorusso Giulia , Evangelisti Marco , Milios Constantinos J.
Published: October 2016

Three series of related lanthanide polymers/dimers have been structurally and magnetically investigated.
Hybrid materials based on novel 2D lanthanide coordination polymers covalently bonded to amine-modified SBA-15 and MCM-41: assembly, characterization, structural features, thermal and luminescence properties
Authors: Wang Jun , Dou Wei , Kirillov Alexander M. , Liu Weisheng , Xu Cailing , Fang Ran , Yang Lizi
Published: October 2016

A series of novel luminescent mesoporous hybrid materials was synthesized and fully characterized; their structural, thermal, and luminescent properties were investigated in detail.
Opportunities in upgrading biomass crudes
Authors: Mathieu Y. , Sauvanaud L. , Humphreys L. , Rowlands W. , Maschmeyer T. , Corma A.
Published: October 2016

An unconventional crude from biomass (biocrude) has been processed to yield a hydrocarbon stream that is not only fully processable in conventional refineries but is already close to the specification of commercial fuels such as transportation diesel. The upgrading of biocrude was carried out with a combination of hydrotreatment and catalytic cracking, yielding middle distillate as the main product.
Improving the efficiency of the Diels–Alder process by using flow chemistry and zeolite catalysis
Authors: Seghers S. , Protasova L. , Mullens S. , Thybaut J. W. , Stevens C. V.
Published: October 2016

The industrial application of the Diels–Alder reaction for the synthesis of (hetero)cyclic compounds constitutes an important challenge. To tackle the reagent instability problems and corresponding safety issues, the use of a high-pressure and zeolite catalysed microreactor process is presented.
Synthesis, crystal structure, cytotoxicity and action mechanism of a Rh(iii) complex with 8-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline as a ligand
Authors: Zhang Yun-Liang , Qin Qi-Pin , Cao Qian-qian , Han Hong-Hua , Liu Zhu-Ling , Liu Yan-Cheng , Liang Hong , Chen Zhen-Feng
Published: October 2016

1 exerted its cytotoxic activity mainly via disruption of mitochondrial function, and significantly caused S phase arrest.
Intermatrix synthesis of Ag, AgAu and Au nanoparticles by the galvanic replacement strategy for bactericidal and electrocatalytically active nanocomposites
Authors: Bastos-Arrieta Julio , Muñoz Jose , Vigués Núria , Muraviev Dmitri N. , Céspedes Francisco , Mas Jordi , Baeza Mireia , Muñoz Maria
Published: October 2016

Nanocomposites with a tuned distribution of nanoparticles for water treatment and electrochemical assays are prepared by the intermatrix synthesis technique.
A new synthesis and preliminary evaluation of some analogues of mecamylamine – a compound with anti-addiction properties
Authors: Mangan David , McNabola Neasa , Clark Emily H. , Bermudez Isabel , Wonnacott Susan , Southern J. Mike
Published: October 2016

A new synthesis of mecamylamine allowed the preparation of analogues to probe biological activity.
α-Methylphenacyl thioesters as convenient thioacid precursors
Authors: Hatanaka Toru , Yuki Ryosuke , Saito Ryota , Sasaki Kaname
Published: October 2016

α-Methylphenacyl (Mpa) thioesters are described as precursors of thioacids.
Thermoreversible physically crosslinked hydrogels from UCST-type thermosensitive ABA linear triblock copolymers
Authors: Fu Wenxin , Zhao Bin
Published: October 2016

Moderately concentrated aqueous solutions of UCST-type thermosensitive ABA linear triblock copolymers undergo cooling-induced, reversible sol–gel transitions.
Divergent reactivity of α-azidochalcones with metal β-diketonates: tunable synthesis of substituted pyrroles and indoles
Authors: Rajaguru Kandasamy , Mariappan Arumugam , Muthusubramanian Shanmugam , Bhuvanesh Nattamai
Published: October 2016

A divergent reactivity of α-azidochalcones with metal β-diketonates for the synthesis of substituted pyrroles and indoles is described.
Synthesis of tricyclic 3-hydroxyisoindolin-1-ones via triethylamine-catalyzed domino reactions of electron-deficient alkynes with phthalimidomalonate derivatives
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhang Beichen , Jiang Teng , Lu Tao , Zhou Qingfa
Published: October 2016

A triethylamine-catalyzed domino reaction between phthalimidomalonate derivatives and activated alkynes has been developed under mild conditions.
pH and thermosensitive 5-fluorouracil loaded poly(NIPAM-co-AAc) nanogels for cancer therapy
Authors: V. Naga Sravan Kumar Varma , H. G. Shivakumar , Fathima Syeda Juveriya , Radha Vegesna , Khanum Farhath
Published: October 2016

The aim of the study was to develop 5-FU loaded pH and thermo-sensitive nanogels that could specifically respond to tumour endosomal pH and extracellular pH, while being dormant to physiological pH at physiological temperature.
Controllable synthesis of Bi2S3/CuS heterostructures by an in situ ion-exchange solvothermal process and their enhanced photocatalytic performance
Authors: Zhang Yu-Qiao , Li Shun , Zhang Bo-Ping
Published: October 2016

A novel Bi2S3/CuS hybrid photocatalyst with a 3D hierarchical configuration was synthesized through an in situ solution-based cation exchange reaction that leads to obvious enhancements in charge separation and photocatalytic performance.
Ab initio calculation of halide ligand passivation on PbSe quantum dot facets
Authors: Wang B. , Xia H. , Zhang Z. , Yang J. , Patterson R. , Huang S. , Shrestha S. , Conibeer G.
Published: October 2016

The passivation and charge compensation provided by inorganic halide ligands on low index facets of lead selenide (PbSe) nanocrystals has been studied using density functional theory.
Unique method to improve the thermal properties of bisphenol A tetraacrylate by graphite oxide induced space confinement
Authors: Mondal Titash , Chandra Varunesh , Bhowmick Anil K.
Published: October 2016

Improvement of the thermal properties of bisphenol A tetraacrylate by graphite oxide induced space confinement.
Controlling deposition of nanoparticles by tuning surface charge of SiO2by surface modifications
Authors: Eklöf Johnas , Gschneidtner Tina , Lara-Avila Samuel , Nygård Kim , Moth-Poulsen Kasper
Published: October 2016

The self-assembly of nanoparticles on substrates is relevant for a variety of applications such as plasmonics, sensing devices and nanometer-sized electronics.
Optical and magnetic properties of Mg2+ doped CeO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Alla S. K. , Mandal R. K. , Prasad N. K.
Published: October 2016

Nanocrystalline MgxCe1−xO2 (x = 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05) particles with near uniform size were synthesized by microwave refluxing method.
Lineariifolianoids I–L, four rare sesquiterpene lactone dimers inhibiting NO production from Inula lineariifolia
Authors: Chen Li-Ping , Wu Guo-Zhen , Dong Hong-Yuan , Yang Niao , Zhang Wei-Dong , Li Hui-Liang
Published: October 2016

Four unsymmetrical sesquiterpene lactone dimers were isolated from Inula lineariifolia. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were established by X-ray crystallographic analyses.
Dielectric, ferroelectric and magnetic properties of hexagonal Ba6Y2Ti4O17 (BYTO) perovskite derived from semi wet route
Authors: Yadava Shiva Sundar , Khare Ankur , Gautam Pooja , Singh Laxman , Lee Youngil , Mandal K. D.
Published: October 2016

Ba6Y2Ti4O17 (BYTO) synthesized by semi-wet combustion route with hexagonal morphology confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. A systematic investigation of dielectric, ferroelectric and magnetic properties of BYTO was carried out.
Highly efficient Ag6Si2O7/WO3 photocatalyst based on heterojunction with enhanced visible light photocatalytic activities
Authors: Hu Yonggang , Zheng Hong , Xu Tongzhou , Xu Ning , Ma Hongwen
Published: October 2016

Ag6Si2O7/WO3 (1 : 1) heterojunction photocatalyst shows highly efficient and significant potential for photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants under visible light irradiation.
Glycerol as green hydrogen source for catalytic reduction over anisotropic silver nanoparticles
Authors: Verma A. D. , Mandal R. K. , Sinha I.
Published: October 2016

Effect of shape and size of AgNPs on the catalytic kinetics of p-nitrophenol reduction using glycerol as a hydrogen source.
Template mediated and solvent-free route to a variety of UiO-66 metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Zou Chao , Vagin Sergei , Kronast Alexander , Rieger Bernhard
Published: October 2016

A green and cost-effective process for UiO-66 synthesis with a facile and efficient solvent-free template oriented route.
Efficient drug delivery system for bone repair by tuning the surface of hydroxyapatite particles
Authors: Tabassum Sobia , Zahid Saba , Zarif Faiza , Gilani Mazhar Amjad , Manzoor Faisal , Rehman Fozia , Jamal Arshad , Chaudhry Aqif Anwar , Siddiqi Saadat Anwar , Rehman Ihtesham ur
Published: October 2016

Efficient drug delivery vehicles, hydroxyapatite modified by carboxylic acids, were prepared by an in situ co-precipitation method. The presence of functional groups and subsequent surface properties of modified HA improved ibuprofen loading and release efficiency.
A supramolecular Tröger's base derived coordination zinc polymer for fluorescent sensing of phenolic-nitroaromatic explosives in water
Authors: Shanmugaraju Sankarasekaran , Dabadie Charlyne , Byrne Kevin , Savyasachi Aramballi J. , Umadevi Deivasigamani , Schmitt Wolfgang , Kitchen Jonathan A. , Gunnlaugsson Thorfinnur
Published: October 2016

A Tröger’s base functionalized luminescent nanoscale Zn(II) coordination polymer (TB-Zn-CP) is synthesized and used as selective fluorescence sensor for phenolic nitroaromatics in water.
Insights into the electronic bands of WO3/BiVO4/TiO2, revealing high solar water splitting efficiency
Authors: Kalanur Shankara S. , Yoo Il-Han , Park Jucheol , Seo Hyungtak
Published: October 2016

In photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, heterojunction electrodes consisting of two or more dissimilar semiconductors offer more advantages over those made from single semiconductors.
Synthesis and size dependent magnetostrictive response of ferrite nanoparticles and their application in magnetoelectric polymer-based multiferroic sensors
Authors: Gonçalves R. , Larrea A. , Sebastian M. S. , Sebastian V. , Martins P. , Lanceros-Mendez S.
Published: October 2016

New Fe3O4 nanostructures have been synthesized and added to a P(VDF-TrFE) matrix. The magnetostriction and the magnetoelectric response obtained for the 9 nm nanoparticle composites make these materials suitable for technological applications such as sensors and actuators.
Fluorescent aryl naphthalene dicarboximides with large Stokes shifts and strong solvatochromism controlled by dynamics and molecular geometry
Authors: Greiner Robert , Schlücker Thorben , Zgela Dominik , Langhals Heinz
Published: October 2016

A series of highly fluorescent 4-aryl substituted naphthalene dicarboximides were efficiently prepared via metal organic C–C-coupling reactions.
Non‐orthogonal multiple access relaying with truncated ARQ
Authors: Yu Zhiyuan , Zhai Chao , Liu Ju
Published: October 2016

In this study, the authors propose a non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) relaying protocol with truncated automatic repeat request (ARQ), where the source simultaneously transmits two signals to the relay and the destination using superposition coding technique in the power domain. The successive interference cancelation technique is adopted by the relay, who should first decode its own data and then cancel it for the decoding of destination data. If either the data intended for the relay or the destination is erroneously received by the relay, it will be retransmitted by the source using full power. After correctly decoding the source data intended for the destination, the relay will forward it and the retransmission is performed when the data is erroneously received by the destination. The authors derive the system throughput and investigate the impacts of several parameters, such as power allocation factor, target rate, and distance between terminals etc. In terms of throughput, the authors’ proposed scheme can greatly outperform the conventional relaying scheme with truncated ARQ.
Embedded physical‐layer authentication in cognitive radio requires efficient low‐rate channel coding schemes
Authors: Wu Xiaofu
Published: October 2016

In this study, the author investigates the practical limitation of the recently proposed embedded cryptographic signature authentication scheme at the physical layer. By employing the log‐likelihood ratio of a tag bit and its approximation, the author shows that the equivalent authentication channel observed by the secondary receiver can be viewed as a binary‐input additive white Gaussian noise channel. Then, the sphere‐packing lower bound can be employed to show the transmission capability for practical finite‐length authentication tags. To achieve the same effective coverage area for both the primary and secondary receivers, it essentially requires efficient low‐rate channel coding schemes with near sphere‐packing‐bound performance at the secondary receiver, which contrasts sharply with the pessimistic conclusion of Jiang et al.
Webcam‐based system for video‐oculography
Authors: Naruniec Jacek , Wieczorek Michał , Szlufik Stanisław , Koziorowski Dariusz , Tomaszewski Michał , Kowalski Marek , Przybyszewski Andrzej
Published: October 2016

Video‐oculography (VOG) is a tool providing diagnostic information about the progress of the diseases that cause regression of the vergence eye movements, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). The majority of the existing systems are based on sophisticated infra‐red (IR) devices. In this study, the authors show that a webcam‐based VOG system can provide similar accuracy to that of a head‐mounted IR‐based VOG system. They also prove that the authors’ iris localisation algorithm outperforms current state‐of‐the‐art methods on the popular BioID dataset in terms of accuracy. The proposed system consists of a set of image processing algorithms: face detection, facial features localisation and iris localisation. They have performed examinations on patients suffering from PD using their system and a JAZZ‐novo head‐mounted device with IR sensor as reference. In the experiments, they have obtained a mean correlation of 0.841 between the results from their method and those from the JAZZ‐novo. They have shown that the accuracy of their visual system is similar to the accuracy of IR head‐mounted devices. In the future, they plan to extend their experiments to inexpensive high frame rate cameras which can potentially provide more diagnostic parameters.
The secular evolution of discrete quasi-Keplerian systems
Authors: Fouvry J.-B. , Pichon C. , Magorrian J.
Published: October 2016

We derive the kinetic equation that describes the secular evolution of a large set of particles orbiting a dominant massive object, such as stars bound to a supermassive black hole or a proto-planetary debris disc encircling a star. Because the particles move in a quasi-Keplerian potential, their orbits can be approximated by ellipses whose orientations remain fixed over many dynamical times. The kinetic equation is obtained by simply averaging the BBGKY equations over the fast angle that describes motion along these ellipses. This so-called Balescu-Lenard equation describes self-consistently the long-term evolution of the distribution of quasi-Keplerian orbits around the central object: it models the diffusion and drift of their actions, induced through their mutual resonant interaction. Hence, it is the master equation that describes the secular effects of resonant relaxation. We show how it captures the phenonema of mass segregation and of the relativistic Schwarzschild barrier recently discovered in N-body simulations.
Neurogenic Shock: Clinical Management and Particularities in an Emergency Room
Authors: Damiani Daniel
Published: October 2016

Neurogenic shock has a strong impact in traumatology. It is an important condition, associated with lesions in the neuraxis and can be medullar and/or cerebral. In the last years, its pathophysiology has been better understood, allowing a reduction in the morbimortality with more precise and efficacious interventions taking place in the emergency room. In this review article, the author presents the current aspects of the management of neurogenic shock, highlighting the neuroprotective measures that improve the outcome. Many pharmacologic interventions are still questionable and need more prospective studies to accurately assess their real value. The best moment for neurosurgical intervention is also debatable. Quite clearly, the initial proceedings in the emergency room are fundamental to guarantee the adequate conditions for neuroplasticity and neuronal rehabilitation.
Preoperative Ultrasonographic Prediction of Hamstring Tendon Diameter for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair
Authors: Rodriguez-Mendez Luis , Martinez-Ruiz Jose , Perez-Manzo Ruben , Corona-Hernandez Jorge , Alcala-Zermeno Juan , Sanchez-Enriquez Sergio
Published: October 2016

The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries is rising every year. The autologous hamstring tendon graft, using semitendinosus tendon (SMT) and gracilis tendon (GR), is a common repair technique in the management of ACL injuries due to its multiple advantages. Using a final graft with a minimum diameter of 8 mm is necessary to avoid graft failure. The aim of this study was to find a correlation between preoperative ultrasound (USG) measurement of the SMT and GR tendon diameters (SMTd and GRd) and their actual diameters measured during the grafting procedure. In the present study, 33 male patients aged between 16 and 43 years with ACL injury that required grafting were enrolled. Before the grafting procedure, we sonographically measured the SMTd, GRd, and calculated the hamstring tendon diameter (SMTd + GRd) as the sum of these two. During surgery, we obtained the SMTd, GRd, and SMTd + GRd; we also obtained the length of both tendons and the final graft diameter (FGd). We then compared the obtained values. Mean age was 25.6 ± 7.9 years in our study population. The mean SMTd, GRd, and SMTd + GRd obtained by USG versus transoperatively were 4.9 versus 4.7 mm, 4.3 versus 3.8 mm, and 9.3 versus 8.6 mm, respectively. The mean of FGd was 8.4 mm and the mean length of both tendons was 14.2 cm. The GRd obtained by USG positively correlated with SMTd, SMT tendon length, GRd, and SMTd + GRd (r = 0.460, 0.404, 0.411, and 0.508, respectively). USG-obtained GRd predicts a final tendon diameter < 8 mm (high risk of failure) with a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 100, 54, 28 and 100%, respectively, using 4.5 mm as cutoff. Of all obtained grafts, 85% were deemed adequate (≥ 8 mm) using transoperative measurement, while 91% were ≥ 8 mm using USG measurement. The USG measurement of hamstring tendons is a useful method to predict their transoperative diameter. GRd obtained by USG is the best predictor of transoperative GRd and SMTd + GRd.
ArI/ArII laser induced fluorescence system for measurement of neutral and ion dynamics in a large scale helicon plasma
Authors: Kelly R. F. , Meaney K. D. , Gilmore M. , Desjardins T. R. , Zhang Y.
Published: October 2016

In order to investigate the role of both neutral and ion dynamics in large-scale helicon discharges, a laser induced fluorescence (LIF) system capable of measuring both ArI and ArII fluorescence using a single tunable laser is being developed. The system is based on a >250 mW solid state laser. For ArI measurements, the laser pumps the metastable (2P03/2)4s level to the (2P01/2)4p level using 696.7352 nm light, and fluorescence radiation from decay to the (2P01/2)4s level at 772.6333 nm is observed. For ArII, currently in development, the metastable (3P)3d 4F7/2 level will be pumped to the (3P)4p 4D07/2 level using 688.8511 nm, and decay fluorescence to the (3P)4s 4P5/2 level at 434.9285 nm measured. Here all wavelengths are in a vacuum.
Stokes-Doppler coherence imaging for ITER boundary tomography
Authors: Howard J. , Kocan M. , Lisgo S. , Reichle R.
Published: October 2016

An optical coherence imaging system is presently being designed for impurity transport studies and other applications on ITER. The wide variation in magnetic field strength and pitch angle (assumed known) across the field of view generates additional Zeeman-polarization-weighting information that can improve the reliability of tomographic reconstructions. Because background reflected light will be somewhat depolarized analysis of only the polarized fraction may be enough to provide a level of background suppression. We present the principles behind these ideas and some simulations that demonstrate how the approach might work on ITER. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the ITER Organization.
Design of a biologically inspired lower limb exoskeleton for human gait rehabilitation
Authors: Lyu Mingxing , Chen Weihai , Ding Xilun , Wang Jianhua , Bai Shaoping , Ren Huichao
Published: October 2016

This paper proposes a novel bionic model of the human leg according to the theory of physiology. Based on this model, we present a biologically inspired 3-degree of freedom (DOF) lower limb exoskeleton for human gait rehabilitation, showing that the lower limb exoskeleton is fully compatible with the human knee joint. The exoskeleton has a hybrid serial-parallel kinematic structure consisting of a 1-DOF hip joint module and a 2-DOF knee joint module in the sagittal plane. A planar 2-DOF parallel mechanism is introduced in the design to fully accommodate the motion of the human knee joint, which features not only rotation but also relative sliding. Therefore, the design is consistent with the requirements of bionics. The forward and inverse kinematic analysis is studied and the workspace of the exoskeleton is analyzed. The structural parameters are optimized to obtain a larger workspace. The results using MATLAB-ADAMS co-simulation are shown in this paper to demonstrate the feasibility of our design. A prototype of the exoskeleton is also developed and an experiment performed to verify the kinematic analysis. Compared with existing lower limb exoskeletons, the designed mechanism has a large workspace, while allowing knee joint rotation and small amount of sliding.
Laser-generated focused ultrasound for arbitrary waveforms
Authors: Chan Weiwei , Hies Thomas , Ohl Claus-Dieter
Published: October 2016

Transducers for laser generated focused ultrasound can achieve photoacoustic waves with several hundred bars positive pressure in water. Previous designs employed concave glass substrates decorated with catalytically grown carbon nanotubes. Here, we show that arbitrarily shaped surfaces made of polymers and printed with 3d printers allow the generation of waveforms with complex temporal and spatial shape. We first present three different polymer materials together with a simplified deposition technique. This is achieved by painting layers of carbon-nanotube powder and polydimethylsiloxane. Together with a clear resin (Formlabs Photopolymer Clear Resin), pressure amplitudes of 300 bar peak positive were obtained. With the flexibility of polymer substrates, complex waveforms can be generated. This is demonstrated with a stepped surface which launches two waves separated by 0.8 μs. Detailed pressure measurements are supported with shadowgraphy images and simulations of the wave.
Finding symmetry breaking Hartree-Fock solutions: The case of triplet instability
Authors: Tóth Zsuzsanna , Pulay Peter
Published: October 2016

Determining the lowest unrestricted Hartree-Fock (UHF) solution is often difficult in even-electron systems. We have developed a deterministic method for locating approximately the UHF minimum using the restricted Hartree-Fock triplet instability matrix. The current method is truncated to fourth order. The minimum energy solution for this model can be determined by solving a small linear system of equations. This solution gives a suitable starting point to determine the exact UHF solution. This should be useful for the black-box determination of active spaces spanned by the fractionally occupied charge natural orbitals of the ground-state UHF wavefunction. The results can be generalized to higher (6th and 8th) degree expansions (odd expansion orders vanish by symmetry), and to other types of instability, including complex instability. The results are illustrated by calculations on ozone, benzene, nitrobenzene, butadiene, hexatriene, octatetraene, dichromium, and nickel porphine. Further examples are given in the supplementary material.
Lineshape measurements of He-β spectra on the ORION laser facility
Authors: Beiersdorfer P. , Brown G. V. , Shepherd R. , Allan P. , Brown C. R. D. , Hill M. P. , Hoarty D. J. , Hobbs L. M. R. , James S. F. , Chung H. K. , Hill E.
Published: October 2016

We have utilized a newly developed high-resolution X-ray spectrometer to measure the shapes of spectral lines produced from laser-irradiated targets on the Orion laser facility in the United Kingdom. We present measurements of the He-β spectra of chlorine and chromium from targets irradiated by either a long-pulse or a short-pulse laser beam. The experimental conditions provide a spread in plasma density ranging from about 1019 to about 1024 cm−3. We present spectral calculations that show that the relative intensities of the Li-like satellite lines can be used to infer the density in the lower range, especially if the lithiumlike satellite lines are well resolved. In addition, we use the Stark-broadened width of the He-β line to infer densities above about 1022 cm−3. In the case of a short-pulse irradiated chromium foil, we find that the He-like chromium is produced at a density of almost 8 g/cm3, i.e., solid density. In addition, we can infer the electron temperature from the observation of dielectronic recombination satellite lines.
Resisting and pinning of a nanodrop by trenches on a hysteresis-free surface
Authors: Chang Cheng-Chung , Wu Cyuan-Jhang , Sheng Yu-Jane , Tsao Heng-Kwong
Published: October 2016

The encounter of a nanodrop with a trench on a hysteresis-free surface is explored by many-body dissipative particle dynamics to show the effect of surface roughness on droplet wetting. A free nanodrop exhibits Brownian motion and the diffusivity decays exponentially with the liquid-solid contact area. In contrast, as the nanodrop sits on a trench, its random motion is constrained. Work must be done to overcome the energy barriers for the transition between free and trapped states. The potential energy landscape is thus constructed based on the force-displacement plot. It is shown that the trench acts as a hydrophobic blemish for capture but like a hydrophilic blemish for escape. A drop always breaks up after detachment from a hydrophilic trench. Therefore, the drop tends to bypass a small trench when it meets one. The macroscopic experiments are performed by fabricating liquid-infused surfaces with extremely low contact angle hysteresis. The experimental observations agree qualitatively with simulation outcomes.
A novel model for smectic liquid crystals: Elastic anisotropy and response to a steady-state flow
Authors: Püschel-Schlotthauer Sergej , Meiwes Turrión Victor , Stieger Tillmann , Grotjahn Robin , Hall Carol K. , Mazza Marco G. , Schoen Martin
Published: October 2016

By means of a combination of equilibrium Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics we investigate the ordered, uniaxial phases (i.e., nematic and smectic A) of a model liquid crystal. We characterize equilibrium behavior through their diffusive behavior and elastic properties. As one approaches the equilibrium isotropic-nematic phase transition, diffusion becomes anisotropic in that self-diffusion D⊥ in the direction orthogonal to a molecule’s long axis is more hindered than self-diffusion D∥ in the direction parallel to that axis. Close to nematic-smectic A phase transition the opposite is true, D∥ < D⊥. The Frank elastic constants K1, K2, and K3 for the respective splay, twist, and bend deformations of the director field n̂ are no longer equal and exhibit a temperature dependence observed experimentally for cyanobiphenyls. Under nonequilibrium conditions, a pressure gradient applied to the smectic A phase generates Poiseuille-like or plug flow depending on whether the convective velocity is parallel or orthogonal to the plane of smectic layers. We find that in Poiseuille-like flow the viscosity of the smectic A phase is higher than in plug flow. This can be rationalized via the velocity-field component in the direction of the flow. In a sufficiently strong flow these smectic layers are not destroyed but significantly bent.
Development of a Marx-coupled trigger generator with high voltages and low time delay
Authors: Hu Yixiang , Zeng Jiangtao , Sun Fengju , Cong Peitian , Su Zhaofeng , Yang Shi , Zhang Xinjun , Qiu Ai’ci
Published: October 2016

Coupled by the Marx of the “JianGuang-I” facility, a high voltage, low time-delay trigger generator was developed. Working principles of this trigger generator and its key issues were described in detail. Structures of this generator were also carefully designed and optimized. Based on the “JianGuang-I” Marx generator, a test stand was established. And a series of experiment tests were carried out to the study performance of this trigger generator. Experiment results show that the output voltage of this trigger generator can be continuously adjusted from 58 kV to 384 kV. The time delay (from the beginning of the Marx-discharging pulse to the time that the output pulse of the trigger generator arises) of this trigger pulse is about 200 ns and its peak time (0%∼100%) is less than 50 ns. Experiment results also indicate that the time-delay jitter of trigger voltages decreases rapidly with the increase in the peak voltage of trigger pulses. When the trigger voltage is higher than 250 kV, the time-delay jitters (the standard deviation) are less than 7.7 ns.
The fidelity of density operators in an operator-algebraic framework
Authors: Farenick Douglas , Jaques Samuel , Rahaman Mizanur
Published: October 2016

Josza’s definition of fidelity [R. Jozsa, J. Mod. Opt. 41(12), 2315–2323 (1994)] for a pair of (mixed) quantum states is studied in the context of two types of operator algebras. The first setting is mainly algebraic in that it involves unital C∗-algebras A that possess a faithful trace functional τ. In this context, the role of quantum states (that is, density operators) in the classical quantum-mechanical framework is assumed by positive elements ρ ∈ A for which τ(ρ) = 1. The second setting is more operator theoretic: by fixing a faithful normal semifinite trace τ on a semifinite von Neumann algebra M, we define and consider the fidelity of pairs of positive operators in M of unit trace. The main results of this paper address monotonicity and preservation of fidelity under the action of certain trace-preserving positive linear maps of A or of the predual M∗. Our results in the von Neumann algebra setting are novel in that we focus on the Schrödinger picture rather than the Heisenberg picture, and they also yield a new proof of a theorem of Molnár [Rep. Math. Phys. 48(3), 299–303 (2001)] on the structure of fidelity-preserving quantum channels on the trace-class operators.
A class of simple weight modules over the twisted Heisenberg-Virasoro algebra
Authors: Chen Haibo , Han Jianzhi , Su Yucai
Published: October 2016

A class of weight modules M(V,a) over the twisted Heisenberg-Virasoro H are constructed, which includes modules of intermediate series, where V is an H̄r,d-module and a is a complex number. We give the necessary and sufficient conditions under which these modules are simple and also determine all the equivalent simple modules in this class. Moreover, we show that simple modules in this class are new. Finally, we construct a class of new simple non-weight H-modules.
Channelized broadband signal spectrum analysis based on weighted overlap-add structure
Authors: Guo Lianping , Jiang Jun , Tan Feng , Pan Huiqing , Zhang Peng , Zeng Hao , Bai Lihong
Published: October 2016

The digital channelization technology has been applied in many electronic areas, and the real-time broadband spectrum analysis has been the research hotspot in the area of signal processing. This paper introduces the channelized broadband signal spectrum analysis method. Based on the weighted overlap-add (WOLA) structure, this method divides the input broadband signal into several sub-bands or channels, and then downconverts and decimates the sub-band signals to obtain the baseband signals with a low sampling rate. The spectrum analysis results of the input broadband signal are achieved by conducting further decimation, fast Fourier transform and spectrum splicing to the baseband signals. The Matlab simulation results verify the correctness of the WOLA structure, and finally, an experimental platform is designed in detail to verify the practicability of this broadband spectrum analysis method.
Study on two-dimensional equilibrium structure of magnetized complex plasmas based on a Langevin dynamics simulation
Authors: Kong Wei , Yang Fang , Liu Songfen , Shi Feng
Published: October 2016

A Langevin dynamics simulation method is used to study the two-dimensional (2D) equilibrium structure of complex plasmas while considering an external magnetic field. The traditional Yukawa potential and a modified Yukawa potential according to Shukla et al. [Phys. Lett. A 291, 413 (2001); Shukla and Mendonca, Phys. Scr. T113 82 (2004)] and Salimullah et al. [Phys. Plasmas 10, 3047 (2003)] respectively, are employed to account for the interaction of the charged dust particles. It is found that the collisions between neutral gas and charged dust particles have minor effects on the 2D equilibrium structure of the system. Based on the modified Yukawa potential, studies on the 2D equilibrium structure show that the traditional Yukawa potential is still suitable for describing the magnetized complex plasmas, even if the shielding distance of charged dust particles is affected by the strong external magnetic field.
Lower hybrid current drive experiments with different launched wave frequencies in the EAST tokamak
Authors: Li M. H. , Ding B. J. , Liu F. K. , Shan J. F. , Wang M. , Xu H. D. , Liu L. , Hu H. C. , Zhang X. J. , Li Y. C. , Wei W. , Wu Z. G. , Ma W. D. , Yang Y. , Feng J. Q. , Jia H. , Wang X. J. , Wu D. J. , Chen M. , Xu L. , Wang J. , Lin S. Y. , Zhang J. Z. , Qian J. P. , Luo Z. P. , Zang Q. , Han X. F. , Zhao H. L. , Peysson Y. , Decker J. , Ekedahl A. , Hillairet J. , Goniche M. ,   EAST Team
Published: October 2016

EAST has been equipped with two high power lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) systems with operating frequencies of 2.45 GHz and 4.6 GHz. Comparative LHCD experiments with the two different frequencies were performed in the same conditions of plasma for the first time. It was found that current drive (CD) efficiency and plasma heating effect are much better for 4.6 GHz LH waves than for the one with 2.45 GHz. High confinement mode (H-mode) discharges with 4.6 GHz LHCD as the sole auxiliary heating source have been obtained in EAST and the confinement is higher with respect to that produced previously by 2.45 GHz. A combination of ray-tracing and Fokker-Planck calculations by using the C3PO/LUKE codes was performed in order to explain the different experimental observations between the two waves. In addition, the frequency spectral broadening of the two LH wave operating frequencies was surveyed by using a radio frequency probe.
Observation of the inward propagation of spontaneous toroidal flow from the plasma boundary in LHD
Authors: Kamiya K. , Ida K. , Itoh K. , Itoh S.-I. , Yoshinuma M. , Yokoyama M. , Kubo S. , Tsuchiya H. , Tamura N. , Masuzaki S. , Suzuki C. , Akiyama T. ,   LHD Experiment Group
Published: October 2016

Spontaneous generation of toroidal flow from the separatrix and its inward radial propagation in association with the change in the electron temperature gradient have been observed near the plasma boundary in the modulated electron cyclotron heating (MECH) experiment in the Large Helical Device. The observations presented in this paper provide strongly the supports of the hypothesis for the conversion of the poloidal flow to the toroidal one at the plasma peripheral region, exhibiting a clear delay response on MECH in the time derivation of the toroidal flow (V̇ϕ≡∂Vϕ/∂t) to the poloidal one (V̇θ≡∂Vθ/∂t) at a normalized radius of ρ≈ 0.97. The ratio of order unity for |V̇ϕ/V̇θ| during a conversion phase from poloidal flow into toroidal one is consistent with that predicted by a quasi-stationary theoretical model based on the turbulent instability, regardless of its sign and spatial structure. The present work demonstrates a new dynamic response in the plasma momentum transport and represents a significant confirmation of its non-local nature.