bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MAP4Ks inhibition promotes retinal neuron regeneration from Müller glia in adult mice
Authors: Zhang Houjian , Guo Yuli , Yang Yaqiong , Wang Yuqian , Zhang Youwen , Zhuang Jingbin , Zhang Yuting , Shen Mei , Zhao Jiankai , Zhang Rongrong , Qiu Yan , Li Shiying , Hu Jiaoyue , Li Wei , Wu Jianfeng , Xu Haiwei , Fliesler Steven J. , Liao Yi , Liu Zuguo
Published: July 2023

Mammalian Müller glia (MG) possess limited regenerative capacities. However, the intrinsic capacity of mammalian MG to transdifferentiate to generate mature neurons without transgenic manipulations remains speculative. Here we show that MAP4K4, MAP4K6 and MAP4K7, which are conserved Misshapen subfamily of ste20 kinases homologs, repress YAP activity in mammalian MG and therefore restrict their ability to be reprogrammed. However, by treating with a small molecule inhibitor of MAP4K4/6/7, mouse MG regain their ability to proliferate and enter into a retinal progenitor cell (RPC)-like state after NMDA-induced retinal damage; such plasticity was lost in YAP knockout MG. Moreover, spontaneous trans-differentiation of MG into retinal neurons expressing both amacrine and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) markers occurs after inhibitor withdrawal. Taken together, these findings suggest that MAP4Ks block the reprogramming capacity of MG in a YAP-dependent manner in adult mammals, which provides a novel avenue for the pharmaceutical induction of retinal regeneration in vivo.
Fungus-derived protein particles as cell-adhesive matrices for cell-cultivated food
Authors: Teo Yu Xing , Lee Kah Yin , Goh Corinna Jie Hui , Wang Loo Chien , Sobota Radoslaw M. , Chiam Keng-Hwee , Du Chan , Wan Andrew C. A.
Published: July 2023

Cell-adhesive factors mediate adhesion of cells to substrates via peptide motifs such as the Arg–Gly–Asp (RGD) sequence. With the onset of sustainability issues, there is a pressing need to find alternatives to animal-derived cell-adhesive factors, especially for cell-cultivated food applications. In this paper, we show how data mining can be a powerful approach toward identifying fungal-derived cell-adhesive proteins and present a method to isolate and utilize these proteins as extracellular matrices (ECM) to support cell adhesion and culture in 3D. Screening of a protein database for fungal and plant proteins uncovered that ~5.5% of the unique reported proteins contain RGD sequences. A plot of fungi species vs RGD percentage revealed that 98% of the species exhibited an RGD percentage > = 1%. We observed the formation of protein particles in crude extracts isolated from basidiomycete fungi, which could be correlated to their stability towards particle aggregation at different temperatures. These protein particles were incorporated in 3D fiber matrices encapsulating mouse myoblast cells, showing a positive effect on cell alignment. We demonstrated a cell traction stress on the protein particles (from Flammulina velutipes) that was comparable to cells on fibronectin. A snapshot of the RGD-containing proteins in the fungal extracts was obtained by combining SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry of the peptide fragments obtained by enzymatic cleavage. Therefore, a sustainable source of cell-adhesive proteins is widely available in the fungi kingdom. A method has been developed to identify candidate species and produce cell-adhesive matrices, applicable to the cell-cultivated food and healthcare industries.
Spin-exchange carrier multiplication in manganese-doped colloidal quantum dots
Authors: Jin Ho , Livache Clément , Kim Whi Dong , Diroll Benjamin T. , Schaller Richard D. , Klimov Victor I.
Published: July 2023

Carrier multiplication is a process whereby a kinetic energy of a carrier relaxes via generation of additional electron–hole pairs (excitons). This effect has been extensively studied in the context of advanced photoconversion as it could boost the yield of generated excitons. Carrier multiplication is driven by carrier–carrier interactions that lead to excitation of a valence-band electron to the conduction band. Normally, the rate of phonon-assisted relaxation exceeds that of Coulombic collisions, which limits the carrier multiplication yield. Here we show that this limitation can be overcome by exploiting not ‘direct’ but ‘spin-exchange’ Coulomb interactions in manganese-doped core/shell PbSe/CdSe quantum dots. In these structures, carrier multiplication occurs via two spin-exchange steps. First, an exciton generated in the CdSe shell is rapidly transferred to a Mn dopant. Then, the excited Mn ion undergoes spin-flip relaxation via a spin-conserving pathway, which creates two excitons in the PbSe core. Due to the extremely fast, subpicosecond timescales of spin-exchange interactions, the Mn-doped quantum dots exhibit an up-to-threefold enhancement of the multiexciton yield versus the undoped samples, which points towards the considerable potential of spin-exchange carrier multiplication in advanced photoconversion.
Nutrient supply from marine small-scale fisheries
Authors: Viana Daniel F. , Zamborain-Mason Jessica , Gaines Steven D. , Schmidhuber Josef , Golden Christopher D.
Published: July 2023

Over 2 billion people are unable to access safe, nutritious and sufficient food year-round. While global fisheries are considered key in providing essential nutrients to hundreds of millions of people around the globe, the specific contribution of small-scale fisheries to the nutrient supply given other available food supplies is unknown. Here, we combined multiple global databases to quantify the importance of marine small-scale fisheries to national-level nutrient supply of coastal populations. We found that, on average across assessed nutrients (iron, zinc, calcium, DHA + EPA and vitamins A and B12), small-scale fisheries contributed about 32% of overall global seafood nutrient supply, 17% of the nutrient supply from animal-sourced foods and 10% of nutrient supply from all foods. These global averages, however, underrepresent some key roles of ocean-based foods. Combining nutrient supply estimates with global estimates of inadequate nutrient intake, we found that about half of coastal countries that have a mean inadequate intake of at least 50% across assessed nutrients (iron, zinc, calcium, DHA + EPA and vitamins A and B12) rely on small scale fisheries for at least 15% of mean nutrient supply, and many rely on small scale fisheries for more than 30% of mean nutrient supply. Catch from small-scale fisheries is particularly important for the supply of vitamin B12, calcium and DHA + EPA, representing up to 100% of supply in selected countries. Our study demonstrates the significance of small-scale fisheries for nutritionally vulnerable coastal populations, emphasizing how effective fisheries management can contribute to public health.
Sex differences in myocardial remodeling and extracellular volume in aortic regurgitation
Authors: Malahfji Maan , Senapati Alpana , Debs Dany , Saeed Mujtaba , Tayal Bhupendar , Nguyen Duc T. , Graviss Edward A. , Shah Dipan J.
Published: July 2023

Whether sex differences exist in the cardiac remodeling related to aortic regurgitation (AR) is unclear. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the current non-invasive reference standard for cardiac remodeling assessment and can evaluate tissue characteristics. This prospective cohort included patients with AR undergoing CMR between 2011 and 2020. We excluded patients with confounding causes of remodeling. We quantified left ventricular (LV) volume, mass, AR severity, replacement fibrosis by late Gadolinium enhancement (LGE), and extracellular expansion by extracellular volume fraction (ECV). We studied 280 patients (109 women), median age 59.5 (47.2, 68.6) years (P for age = 0.25 between sexes). Women had smaller absolute LV volume and mass than men across the spectrum of regurgitation volume (RVol) (P ≤ 0.01). In patients with ≥ moderate AR and with adjustment for body surface area, indexed LV end-diastolic volume and mass were not significantly different between sexes (all P > 0.5) but men had larger indexed LV end systolic volume and lower LV ejection fraction (P ≥ 0.01). Women were more likely to have NYHA class II or greater symptoms than men but underwent surgery at a similar rate. Prevalence and extent of LGE was not significantly different between sexes or across RVol. Increasing RVol was independently associated with increasing ECV in women, but not in men (adjusted P for interaction = 0.03). In conclusion, women had lower LV volumes and mass than men across AR severity  but their ECV increased with higher regurgitant volume, while ECV did not change in men. Indexing to body surface area did not fully correct for the cardiac remodeling differences between men and women. Women were more likely to have symptoms but underwent surgery at a similar rate to men. Further research is needed to determine if differences in ECV would translate to differences in the course of AR and outcomes.
Interaction of breathing pattern and posture on abdominal muscle activation and intra-abdominal pressure in healthy individuals: a comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Kawabata Masashi , Shima Norihiro
Published: July 2023

We aimed to assess the effects of interaction between several breathing patterns and postures on abdominal muscle activation and intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). This comparative cross-sectional study enrolled fourteen healthy university students majoring in sports science and/or physical education. They performed four active breathing tasks: quiet nasal breathing (Q-Bre), nasal deep breathing (Deep-Bre), completely forced expiration (Forced-Expi), and exertional nasal inhalation with abdominal muscles with isometric contraction (Exertion-Inspi) in the elbow-toe plank and supine postures. Breathing volume; IAP; and transverse abdominis-internal oblique muscle (TrA-IO) and external oblique muscle (EO) activities were recorded. Abdominal muscle activity and IAP significantly interacted with breathing pattern and postures during the expiratory phase (p < 0.05). In the inspiratory phase, TrA-IO activity was significantly affected by breathing pattern and EO activity with posture (p < 0.05). TrA-IO activity significantly increased during Forced-Expi in the supine posture (47.6% of the maximum voluntary contraction) and Exertion-Inspi in the elbow-toe posture (35.7%), whereas no differences were found during Deep-Bre or Q-Bre (< 20%). EO activity increased in the elbow-toe posture (22.5–30.6%) compared with that in the supine posture (< 5%) during all breathing tasks. IAP values were low during all tasks (< 15%) except for Forced-Expi (24.9%). Abdominal muscle activation and IAP interacted with the breathing pattern and posture.
Assessments of therapeutic effects according to timings for combined therapy with axitinib and immune check point inhibitor in a mouse renal cell carcinoma model
Authors: Watanabe Hiromitsu , Matsushita Yuto , Tamura Keita , Motoyama Daisuke , Sugiyama Takayuki , Otsuka Atsushi , Miyake Hideaki
Published: July 2023

Recently, several types of systemic therapy using tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) have been performed for advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) patients; however, the optimal strategy of sequential treatment with these agents has not been well established. The objective of this study was to determine the differences of therapeutic effects according to timing for the introduction of TKI and ICI using a mouse RCC, RenCa model. The effects of combined treatment of TKI and/or ICI with axitinib, anti-mouse programmed death (PD)-1, or PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody on tumor growth and survival after subcutaneous and intravenous injection of RenCa cells, respectively, were compared according to three different treatment schedules: simultaneous administration, initial axitinib administration, and initial ICI administration. Infiltrating patterns of lymphocytes into tumors after combined treatments were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. In mice treated with anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies, significantly marked inhibitory effects on subcutaneous growth of tumors were observed in the simultaneous and initial ICI treatment groups, but not the group with the initial axitinib administration, compared to controls without treatment. Survival intervals of mice after intravenous injection of RenCa cells were significantly longer in the simultaneous and initial ICI administration, but not the initial axitinib administration, compared to the control. Furthermore, both CD8+ to CD3+ and CD8+ to CD11b+ T-lymphocyte ratios in subcutaneous RenCa tumors were significantly higher in the simultaneous and initial ICI administration, but not the initial axitinib administration, compared to the control. Favorable control against aRCC progression may be achieved by administering TKI and ICI simultaneously or ICI followed by TKI.
Using artificial intelligence to identify the top 50 independent predictors of subjective well-being in a multinational sample of 37,991 older European & Israeli adults
Authors: Vera Cruz Germano , Maurice Thomas , Moore Philip J. , Rohrbeck Cynthia A.
Published: July 2023

Subjective well-being (SWB) is widely recognized as an important health outcome, but its complexity, myriad predictors, and analytic requirements pose significant challenges to identifying the relative order and impact of SWB determinants. This study involved a representative sample of 37,991 older adults from 17 European countries and Israel. An aggregate index of SWB was developed and compared across countries, and machine-learning algorithms were used to rank-order the strongest 50 (of an initial 94) SWB predictors from 15 categories. General Additive Modeling (GAM) and low-degree polynomials (i.e., splines) were used to determine the independent effect sizes and significance levels for each of these top-50 SWB predictors. Of the 18 countries included in this study, Denmark had the highest mean SWB, while Greece had the lowest. The two top-ranked SWB predictors (loneliness, social activity satisfaction) were social factors, which also had the highest overall group ranking, followed by physical health, demographics, financial status and personality. Self-reported health was the strongest health-related predictor, neuroticism was the strongest personality predictor, and women reported higher SWB than men. SWB decreased with age, and increased with income up to 350,000 euros/year, after which it declined. Social factors were of primary importance for subjective well-being in this research, while childhood experiences and healthcare status exerted the smallest effects. The vast majority of the top 50 SWB predictors were statistically significant, with the notable exceptions of body mass index and most health behaviors, which may impact SWB indirectly through their effects on physical health. Future multivariate modeling is recommended to clarify the mechanisms for these and other observed relationships.
Variable ventilation ages in the equatorial Indian Ocean thermocline during the LGM
Authors: Raddatz J. , Beisel E. , Butzin M. , Schröder-Ritzrau A. , Betzler C. , Friedrich R. , Frank N.
Published: July 2023

Variations of atmospheric CO2 during the Pleistocene ice-ages have been associated with changes in the drawdown of carbon into the deep-sea. Modelling studies suggest that about one third of the glacial carbon drawdown may not be associated to the deep ocean, but to the thermocline or intermediate ocean. However, the carbon storage capacity of thermocline waters is still poorly constrained. Here we present paired 230Th/U and 14C measurements on scleractinian cold-water corals retrieved from ~ 450 m water depth off the Maldives in the Indian Ocean. Based on these measurements we calculate ∆14C, ∆∆14C and Benthic-Atmosphere (Batm) ages in order to understand the ventilation dynamics of the equatorial Indian Ocean thermocline during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Our results demonstrate a radiocarbon depleted thermocline as low as -250 to -345‰ (∆∆14C), corresponding to ~ 500–2100 years (Batm) old waters at the LGM compared to ~ 380 years today. More broadly, we show that thermocline ventilation ages are one order of magnitude more variable than previously thought. Such a radiocarbon depleted thermocline can at least partly be explained by variable abyssal upwelling of deep-water masses with elevated respired carbon concentrations. Our results therefore have implications for radiocarbon-only based age models and imply that upper thermocline waters as shallow as 400 m depth can also contribute to some of the glacial carbon drawdown.
Fear conditioning is preserved in very preterm-born young adults despite increased anxiety levels
Authors: Albayrak Bilge , Jablonski Lara , Felderhoff-Mueser Ursula , Huening Britta M. , Ernst Thomas M. , Timmann Dagmar , Batsikadze Giorgi
Published: July 2023

Very preterm birth is associated with an increased risk for anxiety disorders. Abnormal brain development may result in disordered fear learning processes, which may be exacerbated by environmental risk factors and persist in adulthood. We tested the hypotheses that very preterm-born young adults displayed higher levels of fear conditioning, less differentiation between threat (CS+) and safety (CS−) signals, and stronger resistance to extinction relative to term-born controls. A group of 37 very preterm-born young adults and 31 age- and sex-matched term-born controls performed a differential fear conditioning paradigm on two consecutive days. Acquisition and extinction training were performed on day 1. Recall and reinstatement were tested on day 2. Preterm-born participants showed significantly higher levels of anxiety in the Depression-Anxiety-Stress-Scale-21 questionnaire. The fear conditioning outcome measures, skin conductance response amplitudes and anxiety ratings, were overall higher in the preterm-born group compared to controls. Awareness of CS-US contingencies was mildly reduced in preterms. Acquisition, extinction, recall and reinstatement of differential conditioned fear responses (CS+  > CS−), however, were not significantly different between the groups. There were no significant group by stimulus type interactions. The finding of largely preserved associative fear learning in very preterm-born young adults was unexpected and needs to be confirmed in future studies.
Elevated serum leptin is associated with attenuated reward anticipation in major depressive disorder independent of peripheral C-reactive protein levels
Authors: Burrows Kaiping , McNaughton Breanna A. , Figueroa-Hall Leandra K. , Spechler Philip A. , Kuplicki Rayus , Victor Teresa A. , Aupperle Robin , Khalsa Sahib S. , Savitz Jonathan B. , Teague T. Kent , Paulus Martin P. , Stewart Jennifer L.
Published: July 2023

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with immunologic and metabolic alterations linked to central processing dysfunctions, including attenuated reward processing. This study investigated the associations between inflammation, metabolic hormones (leptin, insulin, adiponectin), and reward-related brain processing in MDD patients with high (MDD-High) and low (MDD-Low) C-reactive protein (CRP) levels compared to healthy comparison subjects (HC). Participants completed a blood draw and a monetary incentive delay task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Although groups did not differ in insulin or adiponectin concentrations, both MDD-High (Wilcoxon p = 0.004, d = 0.65) and MDD-Low (Wilcoxon p = 0.046, d = 0.53) showed higher leptin concentrations than HC but did not differ from each other. Across MDD participants, higher leptin levels were associated with lower brain activation during reward anticipation in the left insula (r = − 0.30, p = 0.004) and left dorsolateral putamen (r = -− 0.24, p = 0.025). In contrast, within HC, higher leptin concentrations were associated with higher activation during reward anticipation in the same regions (insula: r = 0.40, p = 0.007; putamen: r = 0.37, p = 0.014). Depression may be characterized by elevated pro-inflammatory signaling via leptin concentrations through alternate inflammatory pathways distinct to CRP.
iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics analysis of the effect of ACT001 on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice
Authors: Zhou Hui , Niu Bin , Wu Xue , Chu Weike , Zhou Yibing , Chen Ze , Mi Yuqiang , Liu Yonggang , Li Ping
Published: July 2023

ACT001 is a novel sesquiterpene lactone derivative that has been shown to have significant antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effect of ACT001 on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is unknown. Methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet induced NASH model in C57BL/6J mice. Steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis-related indices of serum and liver tissues were detected by fully automated biochemical analyzer, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, flow cytometry, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson and immunohistochemical staining. The results showed that ACT001 reduced serum lipid and inflammatory factor levels, attenuated hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis, and inhibited hepatic oxidative stress and activation of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammatory vesicles in NASH mice. In addition, 381 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), including 162 up-regulated and 219 down-regulated proteins, were identified in the MCD group and ACT001 high-dose group using isotope labeling relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technique analysis. Among these DEPs, five proteins associated with NAFLD were selected for real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) validation, and the results were consistent with proteomics. In conclusion, ACT001 has a therapeutic effect on NASH, and the results of proteomic analysis will provide new ideas for the mechanism study of ACT001 for NASH treatment.
Effect of nanoshell geometries, sizes, and quantum emitter parameters on the sensitivity of plasmon-exciton hybrid nanoshells for sensing application
Authors: Firoozi A. , Amphawan Angela , Khordad R. , Mohammadi A. , Jalali T. , Edet C. O. , Ali N.
Published: July 2023

A proposed nanosensor based on hybrid nanoshells consisting of a core of metal nanoparticles and a coating of molecules is simulated by plasmon-exciton coupling in semi classical approach. We study the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with multilevel atoms in a way that takes into account both the spatial and the temporal dependence of the local fields. Our approach has a wide range of applications, from the description of pulse propagation in two-level media to the elaborate simulation of optoelectronic devices, including sensors. We have numerically solved the corresponding system of coupled Maxwell-Liouville equations using finite difference time domain (FDTD) method for different geometries. Plasmon-exciton hybrid nanoshells with different geometries are designed and simulated, which shows more sensitive to environment refractive index (RI) than nanosensor based on localized surface plasmon. The effects of nanoshell geometries, sizes, and quantum emitter parameters on the sensitivity of nanosensors to changes in the RI of the environment were investigated. It was found that the cone-like nanoshell with a silver core and quantum emitter shell had the highest sensitivity. The tapered shape of the cone like nanoshell leads to a higher density of plasmonic excitations at the tapered end of the nanoshell. Under specific conditions, two sharp, deep LSPR peaks were evident in the scattering data. These distinguishing features are valuable as signatures in nanosensors requiring fast, noninvasive response.
Effects of the surface layer of steel samples after ball burnishing on friction and wear in dry reciprocating sliding
Authors: Swirad Slawomir , Gradzik Andrzej , Ochał Kamil , Pawlus Pawel
Published: July 2023

The effects of ball burnishing on tribological behaviour in dry reciprocating motion have not yet been studied. This work attempts to fill this gap. The steel disc samples after milling were ball burnished. Due to ball burnishing, the average surface height decreased to 85% and the microhardness increased to 20%. Burnishing also generated the compressive residual stresses that were responsible factor to enhance the hardness of the steel surface. Trbological tests were carried out in reciprocating motion under dry sliding conditions. A 10 mm diameter ceramic ball from WC material contacted the steel disc. Ball burnishing was found to lead to improvements in disc wear and friction of the sliding pair. The maximum decreases in friction coefficient and wear volume compared to the milled sample were 39% and 85%, respectively. Samples of the lowest amplitude and high microhardness led to the highest behaviour.
Chromatin accessibility dynamics of neurogenic niche cells reveal defects in neural stem cell adhesion and migration during aging
Authors: Yeo Robin W. , Zhou Olivia Y. , Zhong Brian L. , Sun Eric D. , Navarro Negredo Paloma , Nair Surag , Sharmin Mahfuza , Ruetz Tyson J. , Wilson Mikaela , Kundaje Anshul , Dunn Alexander R. , Brunet Anne
Published: July 2023

The regenerative potential of brain stem cell niches deteriorates during aging. Yet the mechanisms underlying this decline are largely unknown. Here we characterize genome-wide chromatin accessibility of neurogenic niche cells in vivo during aging. Interestingly, chromatin accessibility at adhesion and migration genes decreases with age in quiescent neural stem cells (NSCs) but increases with age in activated (proliferative) NSCs. Quiescent and activated NSCs exhibit opposing adhesion behaviors during aging: quiescent NSCs become less adhesive, whereas activated NSCs become more adhesive. Old activated NSCs also show decreased migration in vitro and diminished mobilization out of the niche for neurogenesis in vivo. Using tension sensors, we find that aging increases force-producing adhesions in activated NSCs. Inhibiting the cytoskeletal-regulating kinase ROCK reduces these adhesions, restores migration in old activated NSCs in vitro, and boosts neurogenesis in vivo. These results have implications for restoring the migratory potential of NSCs and for improving neurogenesis in the aged brain.
Calcineurin signaling promotes takotsubo syndrome
Authors: Bruns Bastian , Antoniou Marilena , Baier Irena , Joos Maximilian , Sevinchan Meryem , Moog Marie-Christine , Dieterich Christoph , Friederich Hans-Christoph , Khan Hilal , Wilson Heather , Herzog Wolfgang , Dawson Dana K. , Frey Norbert , Schultz Jobst-Hendrik , Backs Johannes
Published: July 2023

Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is an acute heart failure syndrome that mimics the symptoms of acute myocardial infarction and is often preceded by emotional and/or physical stress. There is currently no treatment for TTS. Here we show that injection of 2.5 mg kg−1of epinephrine (EPI) into mice recapitulates numerous features of human TTS, including increased myocardial damage and mortality in males. Gene set enrichment analysis of myocardial RNA sequencing after EPI injection revealed significant enrichment of calcineurin-dependent pro-inflammatory gene networks, which was more pronounced in male than in female mice, in agreement with observed sex discrepancies in the mouse phenotype. An increase in calcineurin activity was detected in the circulating cells of patients with TTS, suggesting a systemic nature of the syndrome. Preventive and therapeutic treatment of mice injected with EPI using calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine and tacrolimus improved heart function and reduced myocardial injury. Our findings suggest that calcineurin inhibition could be a potential therapy for TTS.
On the use of Carbograph 5TD as an adsorbent for sampling VVOCs: validation of an analytical method
Authors: Even Morgane , Juritsch Elevtheria , Richter Matthias
Published: July 2023

This paper reports the usability of the adsorbent Carbograph 5TD for the analysis of VVOCs in indoor air. It includes the whole validation chain from the determination of recovery, LOD/LOQ and robustness to measurement uncertainty.
Screening for electrically conductive defects in thin functional films using electrochemiluminescence
Authors: Quinn Harley , Wang Wenlu , Werner Jörg G. , Brown Keith A.
Published: July 2023

A non-destructive assay using luminol-based electrochemiluminescence was developed to visualize sub-micron electrically conductive defects in otherwise insulating polymer films using optical microscopy.
A thiol-containing zirconium MOF functionalized with silver nanoparticles for synergistic CO2 cycloaddition reactions
Authors: Patra Rajesh , Sarma Debajit
Published: July 2023

An Ag nanoparticle functionalized thiol MOF-based catalyst for utilisation in the CO2 fixation reaction.
Design and synthesis of triboelectric polymers for high performance triboelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Tao Xinglin , Chen Xiangyu , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: July 2023

The latest progress, and important experimental strategies and conclusions on the design and synthesis of thetriboelectric polymers are systemically summarized. A triboelectric polymer handbook with common polymers and their properties is listed.
Genotype specific starch characteristics in relation to resistant starch formation in table potatoes
Authors: Schmidt Marcus , Begemann Jens , Weber Lydia , Gattner Christian , Smit Inga
Published: July 2023

Table potatoes are important staple foods with a higher satiety index than rice or pasta, but also reach a higher glycemic index (GI), leading to contradictory dietary recommendations.
The fate of mamaku gum in the gut: effect on in vitro gastrointestinal function and colon fermentation by human faecal microbiota
Authors: Bisht Akshay , Goh Kelvin K. T. , Matia-Merino Lara
Published: July 2023

Mamaku gum, extracted from the New Zealand Black Tree Fern can affect in vitro gastrointestinal enzyme activity and colonic fermentation.
Facile synthesis of 2-aza-9,10-diphenylanthracene and the effect of precise nitrogen atom incorporation on OLED emitters performance
Authors: Darzi Evan R. , Stanfield Dane A. , McDermott Luca , Kelleghan Andrew V. , Schwartz Benjamin J. , Garg Neil K.
Published: July 2023

We report a comparative study of the well-known fluorophore 9,10-diphenylanthracene with a synthetic aza analog. OLED devices were prepared and showed that nitrogen atom incorporation leads to an unexpected red shift in electroluminescence.
Impact of the organic cation on the band-edge emission of two-dimensional lead–bromide perovskites
Authors: Kutkan Seda , Dhanabalan Balaji , Lin Miao-Ling , Tan Ping-Heng , Schleusener Alexander , Arciniegas Milena P. , Krahne Roman
Published: July 2023

Our study that correlates the optical emission dynamics with structural and vibrational properties of the two-dimensional layered perovskites. This provides novel insights on electron–phonon coupling in these materials.
Detection of SO2 using a chemically stable Ni(ii)-MOF
Authors: López-Cervantes Valeria B. , Kim Dae Won , Obeso Juan L. , Martínez-Ahumada Eva , Amador-Sánchez Yoarhy A. , Sánchez-González Elí , Leyva Carolina , Hong Chang Seop , Ibarra Ilich A. , Solis-Ibarra Diego
Published: July 2023

The MOF-type Ni2(dobpdc) shows a high chemical stability towards SO2, high capacity for SO2 capture at low pressure (4.3 mmol g−1 at 298 K and up to 0.05 bar), and exceptional SO2 detection properties.
Reprocessable, creep-resistant covalent adaptable networks synthesized using conventional free-radical polymerization conditions with piperidine-based and non-piperidine-based dynamic dialkylamino disulfide chemistry
Authors: Bin Rusayyis Mohammed A. , Fenimore Logan M. , Purwanto Nathan S. , Torkelson John M.
Published: July 2023

Reprocessable and creep-resistant poly(n-hexyl methacrylate) dynamic networks were synthesized from piperidine-based and non-piperidine-based dialkylamino disulfide cross-linkers at conventional polymerization conditions.
Recognition, detection and host–guest chemistry of hydrogen peroxide in a fluorescent metal–organic framework with chiral helical channels
Authors: Cai Hong , Wu Jie-Wen , Cai Xiao-Jun , Lu Zhou , Lai Ya-Liang , Sun Jing-Xuan , Yuan Zhuo-Li , Huang Yang-Ying , Cai Jing-Wen , Lu Wen , Lu Yi-Hong , Zhang Hui-Ying , Li Dan
Published: July 2023

H2O2 molecules induce the chiral distribution of subsequent guests via chiral channels of MOFs by forming a host–guest recognition system that slows down the oxidation of the host framework.
Organic luminescent crystals: role of packing structures and optical properties
Authors: Song Yuxuan , Pan Guocui , Zhang Chenchen , Wang Can , Xu Bin , Tian Wenjing
Published: July 2023

This review focuses on understanding the role of molecular packing structures and optical properties in π-conjugated organic luminescent crystals. The various applications and future prospects of this research field are also proposed.
Microwave-accelerated cross-dehydrogenative-coupling (CDC) of N-(quinolin-8-yl)amides with acetone/acetonitrile under metal-free conditions
Authors: Zhou Chao , Liu Yunwei , Luo Qi , Zhang Yicheng , Zhou Jingwen , Zhang Haoyu , Liu Jie
Published: July 2023

A highly selective remote C(sp3)–H acetonation of N-(quinolin-8-yl)amide scaffolds at the C5-position under microwave irradiation has been developed.
Simple fabrication of carbon quantum dots and activated carbon from waste wolfberry stems for detection and adsorption of copper ion
Authors: Xu Yunjia , Lan Jingming , Wang Baoying , Bo Chunmiao , Ou Junjie , Gong Bolin
Published: July 2023

Removal of heavy metal pollution is an endless topic, because heavy metals can cause irreversible damage to the human body and environment.
Metal-free reductive desulfurization of C-sp3-substituted thiols using phosphite catalysis
Authors: Morsy Rana M. I. , Samala Ganesh , Jalan Ankur , Kopach Michael E. , Venneti Naresh M. , Stockdill Jennifer L.
Published: July 2023

Catalytic phosphite radical desulfurization: trimethyl phosphite serves as a sulfur trapping agent in thermal radical desulfurization, using TTMSS as the terminal reductant. The conversion of P(v) = S to P(iii) proceeds through a tetravalent phosphoryl radical intermediate.
Rationally designed stapled peptides allosterically inhibit PTBP1–RNA-binding
Authors: Schmeing Stefan , Amrahova Gulshan , Bigler Katrin , Chang Jen-Yao , Openy Joseph , Pal Sunit , Posada Laura , Gasper Raphael , 't Hart Peter
Published: July 2023

The dynamic role of a helix connecting the first two RNA-recognition motifs of PTBP1 was investigated for the design of an inhibitor. The developed stapled peptide interferes with RNA binding and was found to modulate an alternative splicing event regulated by PTBP1.
A highly sensitive nanochannel device for the detection of SUMO1 peptides
Authors: Qin Yue , Zhang Xiaoyu , Song Yanling , Zhong Bowen , Liu Lu , Wang Dongdong , Zhang Yahui , Lu Wenqi , Zhao Xinjia , Jia Zhiqi , Li Minmin , Zhang Lihua , Qing Guangyan
Published: July 2023

Current techniques could not accurately identify SUMO1, here we report a cyclic peptide with strong affinity toward SUMO1, the immobilization of CP on the nanochannel constructs a highly sensitive and specific device for detecting SUMO1 peptides.
Highly emissive Sb3+-doped Rb2InCl5·H2O perovskites: cost-effective synthesis, luminescence, and its application
Authors: Chen Fan , Wang Xiao-Jun , Bai Wenhao , Zhang Xuehu , Hao Wen , Zhang Changhua , Xuan Tongtong
Published: July 2023

A series of Sb3+:Rb2InCl5·H2O perovskites with excellent luminescence properties were synthesized at 80 °C under atmospheric pressure, suitable for use in near-UV chip-driven white LEDs.
Fault properties identification scheme for hybrid MTDC system based on LCC signal injection and distributed parameter line model
Authors: Junjie Hou , Guobing Song , Yanfang Fan
Published: July 2023

A fault properties identification scheme for a hybrid multi‐terminal DC (MTDC) system is proposed to improve the power supply reliability in the system recovery stage. Firstly, a current signal injection strategy based on line commutated converter (LCC) is proposed using the fault control capability. Secondly, the difference between the calculated value (CV) and the measured value (MV) of the current signal under permanent and temporary faults is analyzed for the distributed parameter line model. By introducing the dynamic time warping (DWT) algorithm to represent the difference between CV and MV, a fault properties identification scheme for permanent fault identification is constructed. Finally, the proposed scheme for permanent fault location with the distributed parameter model is obtained by introducing the trust region reflection (TRR) algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed fault properties identification scheme has the function of permanent fault identification and location. The proposed scheme fully considers the effects of fault impedance, sampling rate, noise, and data loss. It can be applied to high voltage DC long‐distance transmission lines with LCC.
Hybrid railway vehicle trajectory optimisation using a non‐convex function and evolutionary hybrid forecast algorithm
Authors: Din Tajud , Tian Zhongbei , Bukhari Syed Muhammad Ali Mansur , Hillmansen Stuart , Roberts Clive
Published: July 2023

This paper introduces a novel optimisation algorithm for hybrid railway vehicles, combining a non‐linear programming solver with the highly efficient “Mayfly Algorithm” to address a non‐convex optimisation problem. The primary objective is to generate efficient trajectories that enable effective power distribution, optimal energy consumption, and economical use of multiple onboard power sources. By reducing unnecessary load stress on power sources during peak time, the algorithm contributes to lower maintenance costs, reduced downtime, and extended operational life of these sources. The algorithm's design considers various operational parameters, such as power demand, regenerative braking, velocity and additional power requirements, enabling it to optimise the energy consumption profile throughout the journey. Its adaptability to the unique characteristics of hybrid railway vehicles allows for efficient energy management by leveraging its hybrid powertrain capabilities.
Analytical prediction and analysis of the detent force with the feedback harmonics for the direct drive motion system
Authors: Yang Xiaojun , Shi Anyu , Xuan Jianlin , Yang Zhaohui
Published: July 2023

In the direct drive motion system, there are obvious feedback harmonics caused by the various disturbances, which have important influence on the thrust characteristics of the permanent magnet synchronous linear motor (PMSLM). This paper presents the influence of the feedback harmonics on the detent force for the direct drive motion system. Firstly, the Maxwell's equation and the Schwarz–Christoffel (SC) mapping‐based method are used to accurately establish the magnetic field model in the air‐gap considering the slotting effect and end effect. Then, based on the control model of the motion system, the drive current caused by the feedback harmonics are calculated considering the non‐linearity of the drive circuit. The detent force of PMSLM is analytically represented and analyzed. Finally, the validity of the theoretical analysis is verified by the finite‐element method (FEM) and experiments. The results shown that the feedback harmonics will be coupled with the detent force and intensify the couplings among different sources of the thrust harmonics, which will lead to new coupled thrust harmonics, deteriorating the dynamic precision of the direct drive motion system.
An aerial targets grouping method based on relation network
Authors: Liang Futai , Zhou Yan , Dong Jialong , Chen Xin , Tang Xiao
Published: July 2023

Aerial targets grouping is an important content of air battlefield situation awareness, and intelligent aerial targets grouping is an urgent need for intelligent air combat. Traditional aerial targets grouping methods have problems such as difficulty extracting air target features, difficulty designing formation similarity measures, and lack of data samples. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a relational network based aerial targets grouping method to achieve end‐to‐end grouping under small sample conditions. Firstly, an adaptive clustering algorithm is proposed to preliminarily cluster the aerial targets in the air battlefield situation to obtain the group to be tested. Then, a representation of aerial target groups is designed, which unifies the multi‐dimensional features of the group's temporal, spatial, and attribute. Next, based on this representation, combining 3D convolutional neural networks (3DCNN) and long short‐term memory (LSTM), a neural network structure that can automatically extract multi‐dimensional features of groups is designed. After that, the relation module is used to learn the distance metric between groups. After training the relation network, the type of group to be tested can be identified, thereby achieving the goal of grouping. A dataset of 30 types of aerial target group patterns was established through simulation. The ablation experiments were conducted to verify the performance of each module, and the experimental results showed that the designed feature extraction module can effectively extract temporal sample features, while the designed relationship module performs better in extracting temporal sample information. By comparing several typical traditional aerial target grouping methods, the proposed method improves the grouping accuracy by 11.2% to 13.4%, achieving an accuracy of 91.1% in the 5‐way 1‐shot task and 95.6% in the 5‐way 5‐shot task.
Securing NextG networks with physical-layer key generation: A survey
Authors: Xiao Qingjiang , Zhao Jinrong , Feng Sheng , Li Guyue , Hu Aiqun
Published: July 2023

As the development of next-generation (NextG) communication networks continues, tremendous devices are accessing the network and the amount of information is exploding. However, with the increase of sensitive data that requires confidentiality to be transmitted and stored in the network, wireless network security risks are further amplified. Physical-layer key generation (PKG) has received extensive attention in security research due to its solid information-theoretic security proof, ease of implementation, and low cost. Nevertheless, the applications of PKG in the NextG networks are still in the preliminary exploration stage. Therefore, we survey existing research and discuss (1) the performance advantages of PKG compared to cryptography schemes, (2) the principles and processes of PKG, as well as research progresses in previous network environments, and (3) new application scenarios and development potential for PKG in NextG communication networks, particularly analyzing the effect and prospects of PKG in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), artificial intelligence (AI) enabled networks, integrated space-air-ground network, and quantum communication. Moreover, we summarize open issues and provide new insights into the development trends of PKG in NextG networks.
Digitalization as a Factor of Sustainable Development of the Economy and Economic Security
Authors: Musostova Deshy , Berkaeva Albina , Geraskin Yuri
Published: July 2023

This article discusses topical issues of economic sustainability of enterprises, as well as the development of the digital economy in various industries in Russia and in the world as a whole, ways and means of improving economic security in the context of global digitalization. When writing the article, the goal was to reveal the essence of modern trends in the development of the state and organizations. The current and possible impact of digital technologies on the labor market is also assessed, which is of interest to all members of society and organizations that, in the era of digitalization, will have to face new problems and master all the opportunities that fall out of this process. Digitalization, which began in the 20th century, is beginning to gain momentum and, in the near future, may surprise the world community with its results.
Digital Technologies in Key Sectors of the Economy in the Context of Global Competition
Authors: Labazanova Saida , Botsieva Elina , Peryakina Marina
Published: July 2023

The intensive development and spread of digital technologies in recent years has significantly changed the face of key sectors of the economy and the social sphere. More and more organizations are seeking to transfer business processes to the digital environment, thereby significantly reducing transaction costs and significantly increasing the volume of economic activity. A giant, virtually barrier-free, market is emerging on the Internet with truly global competition and very high dynamics of all its elements (companies, products and services, consumers). Under such conditions, the ability to process and analyze large amounts of data becomes an important factor in competitive advantage.
Sociocultural Values in the International Communication in the Era of Globalization
Authors: Abdukadyrova Tumisha , Mikhailovskaya Irene , Strutsenko Svetlana
Published: July 2023

In today’s constantly changing world the development of intercultural cooperation is associated with such factors as the processes of globalization, integration, the influence of the cultural, humanitarian component on modern life and the whole system of international relations. The relevance of intercultural communication issues is confirmed by the fact that in the context of globalization almost all countries in the world are involved in the process of intercultural communication, striving to develop mutually beneficial cooperation, to solve economic, political, humanitarian and social problems. Active cross-cultural interaction has become an important part of our life, therefore, these processes attract specialists’ attention in the sphere of the humanities and social knowledge as well as politicians’ and diplomats’ attention for whom intercultural communication is of theoretical and practical interest when the solution of many pressing problems is impossible without the participation of representatives of different countries, cultures and traditions.
Structural types of repetitions in the Nakh languages
Authors: Suleybanova Marzhan
Published: July 2023

There remains controversy over whether paired words should be attributed to word constituents. No comprehensive study of paired words has been conducted in modern Chechen. A relatively complete description of the nature of Chechen pair-words can be found in the monograph of K.Z. Chokaev. At the current stage of language development, a large number of compound words are emergence in connection with the action of model word formation. In this way, at the present stage of language development, the emergence of a large number of compound words is associated with the emergence of a. We believe that in the Chechen language, as well as in other Nakh languages, most new words are created mainly by old patterns, by analogy with those models that have long been in the language and belong to regular and productive or unproductive models.
Some Problems of Implementation of Criminal Liability for Environmental Crimes
Authors: Sugaipova Aizan , Kuzmenko Ella , Larina Elena
Published: July 2023

In fact, environmental crimes cause harm in two ways: environmental and economic. At the same time, the first is to cause real damage to fish, aquatic animals and plant stocks, calculated in monetary amounts, and the second to cause damage to the environment. It is important to understand that all damage caused is subject to compensation from the guilty person. The amount of compensation for environmental damage is determined in accordance with established calculation methods.