bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Closed paths in graphs vs. voting theory
Authors: Saari Donald G.
Published: May 2024

Features of graphs that hinder finding closed paths with particular properties, as represented by the Traveling Salesperson Problem—TSP, are identified for three classes of graphs. Removing these terms leads to a companion graph with identical closed path properties that is easier to analyze. A surprise is that these troubling graph factors are precisely what is needed to analyze certain voting methods, while the companion graph’s terms are what cause voting theory complexities as manifested by Arrow’s Theorem. This means that the seemingly separate goals of analyzing closed paths in graphs and analyzing voting methods are complementary: components of data terms that assist in one of these areas are the source of troubles in the other. Consequences for standard decision methods are in Sects. 2.5, 3.7 and the companion paper (Saari in Theory Decis 91(3):377–402, 2021). The emphasis here is on paths in graphs; incomplete graphs are similarly handled.
Integrated System of Semi-submersible Offshore Wind Turbine Foundation and Porous Shells
Authors: Yao Yisheng , Mayon Robert , Zhou Yu , Zhu Yi , Ning Dezhi
Published: May 2024

A novel semi-submersible platform is proposed for 5 MW wind turbines. This concept focuses on an integrated system formed by combining porous shells with a semi-submersible platform. A coupled aerodynamic–hydrodynamic–mooring analysis of the new system is performed. The motion responses of the novel platform system and the traditional platform are compared. The differences in hydrodynamic performance between the two platforms are also evaluated. The influence of the geometric parameters (porosity, diameter, and wall thickness) of porous shells on the motion response behavior of the new system is studied. Overall, the new semi-submersible platform exhibits superior stability in terms of pitch and heave degrees of freedom, demonstrating minimal effects on the motion response in the surge degree of freedom.
Bioenergy and Biorefinery Potential of Residues: A Representative Case of the Sucre Region in Colombia
Authors: Cardona Alzate Carlos Ariel , Solarte-Toro Juan Camilo , Ortiz-Sanchez Mariana , Inocencio-García Pablo José , Salcedo Mendoza Jairo , Hernández Ruydíaz Jorge , Otero Meza Daniel D.
Published: May 2024

Agricultural and agroindustrial residues are produced worldwide but these residues do not have a specific use. Then, a high potential to produce bioenergy and value-added products has been wasted. Biomass conversion routes should be proposed based on regional needs, making different upgrading processes more reliable and feasible. Thus, bioenergy applications should be analyzed as potential solutions before analyzing prospective products based on the biomass chemical composition. The objective of this research is to provide an approach for defining potential energy-driven applications of lignocellulosic biomass in developing countries with high availability of biomass sources as a result of the agricultural vocation of a region/country. As a case study, this paper shows the Sucre region in Colombia. A methodological approach to define thermochemical, anaerobic digestion, and biorefining upgrading pathways is provided based on chemical characterization, proximate analysis, fuel properties, and biogas production potential. Corn cobs, rice husk, cassava stem, and subverified cassava stem were the most suitable feedstocks for thermochemical upgrading. Avocado seeds, peels, and cassava leaves were selected as the most suitable raw materials for biogas production. Finally, plantain peel, rachis, and organic food waste were selected as potential and prospective raw materials in biorefinery systems to produce high-value-added products.

Graphical Abstract
All Three Supersystems—Nervous, Vascular, and Immune—Contribute to the Cortical Infarcts After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Dreier Jens P. , Joerk Alexander , Uchikawa Hiroki , Horst Viktor , Lemale Coline L. , Radbruch Helena , McBride Devin W. , Vajkoczy Peter , Schneider Ulf C. , Xu Ran
Published: May 2024

The recently published DISCHARGE-1 trial supports the observations of earlier autopsy and neuroimaging studies that almost 70% of all focal brain damage after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage are anemic infarcts of the cortex, often also affecting the white matter immediately below. The infarcts are not limited by the usual vascular territories. About two-fifths of the ischemic damage occurs within ~ 48 h; the remaining three-fifths are delayed (within ~ 3 weeks). Using neuromonitoring technology in combination with longitudinal neuroimaging, the entire sequence of both early and delayed cortical infarct development after subarachnoid hemorrhage has recently been recorded in patients. Characteristically, cortical infarcts are caused by acute severe vasospastic events, so-called spreading ischemia, triggered by spontaneously occurring spreading depolarization. In locations where a spreading depolarization passes through, cerebral blood flow can drastically drop within a few seconds and remain suppressed for minutes or even hours, often followed by high-amplitude, sustained hyperemia. In spreading depolarization, neurons lead the event, and the other cells of the neurovascular unit (endothelium, vascular smooth muscle, pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes) follow. However, dysregulation in cells of all three supersystems—nervous, vascular, and immune—is very likely involved in the dysfunction of the neurovascular unit underlying spreading ischemia. It is assumed that subarachnoid blood, which lies directly on the cortex and enters the parenchyma via glymphatic channels, triggers these dysregulations. This review discusses the neuroglial, neurovascular, and neuroimmunological dysregulations in the context of spreading depolarization and spreading ischemia as critical elements in the pathogenesis of cortical infarcts after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
A comparative retrospective analysis on robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery compared to conventional laparoscopy in case of myomectomy: experience in a third-level hospital of Southern Italy
Authors: Della Corte Luigi , D’Angelo Giuseppe , Ascione Mario , Granata Marcello , Giampaolino Pierluigi , Di Spiezio Sardo Attilio , Bifulco Giuseppe
Published: May 2024

Uterine myomas are the most common gynecological disease in reproductive-aged women, present several symptoms, and require effective medical and/or surgical strategies. This study aimed to compare robotic-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy (RALM) with laparoscopic myomectomy (LM) in terms of operative times, intraoperative estimated blood loss, pre- and post-hemoglobin levels drop, and length of hospital stay. Data from 50 clinical records (25 RALM in Group A and 25 LM in Group B) of patients with uterine fibroids were collected from December 2022 to December 2023 at Gynecological Unit of DAI Materno-Infantile Federico II in Naples, Italy. Patients aged 30–49 years with symptomatic fibroids were included. Data on peri-operative outcomes, including operative time for myomectomy (OTM), overall operative time (OOT), intraoperative estimated blood loss (EBL), pre- and post-operative hemoglobin levels, and length of hospital stay were analyzed. The OTM in the presence of > 5 myomas was 59 [52–65] vs 69 min [61–96] (p < 0.001) for RALM and LM groups, respectively. Moreover, also in presence of ≤ 5 myomas, a difference was observed in the RALM group 48[43–55] compared to the LM group 53[50–61] min (p = 0.07). The OOT was also statistically significant for Group A compared to Group B (83[65–93] vs 72[56–110] min, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of pre- and post-operative hemoglobin levels and EBL (p = 0.178). Group A demonstrated a notably shorter hospital stay 1.2 [1–2] days compared to Group B 2.9[3–3.75] days (p = 0.007). Our study suggests potential advantages of RALM over LM in terms of reduced operative times and shorter hospital stays. The standardized approach and extensive surgical experience likely contributed to the favorable outcomes of RALM.
Materiality Versus Metabolism in the Hybrid World: Towards a Dualist Concept of Materialism as Limit of Post-humanism in the Technical Era
Authors: Blok Vincent
Published: May 2024

The point of departure of this article is the trend towards hybridisation in new technology development, which makes classical dichotomies between machines, human life and the environment obsolete and leads to the post-human world we live in today. We critically reflect on the post-human concept of the hybrid world. Although we agree with post-humanists that human life can no longer be opposed to machines but appears as a decentralized human-technology relation, alliance or network that constitutes a hybrid world, we ask for a limit to hybridisation. After rejecting the concept of metabolism as such a limit, we explore the concept of the responsive conativity of material entities. The principle of conativity of material entities provides a materialist perspective on metabolism, which enables us to conceive material entities as self-assertive material entities that are differentiated from the environment. The principle of responsivity of material entities provides a materialist perspective on the post-human world in which material entities are responsive to each other and form alliances and networks. We propose to differentiate between the conativity and responsivity of material entities and propose the conativity of matter as a limit to hybridisation in the post-human world.
Gaussian maps for singular curves on Enriques surfaces
Authors: Faro Dario
Published: May 2024

A marked Prym curve is a triple $$(C,\alpha ,T_d)$$

(
C
,
α
,

T
d

)

where C is a smooth algebraic curve, $$\alpha $$
α
is a $$2-$$

2
-

torsion line bundle on C, and $$T_d$$

T
d

is a divisor of degree d. We give obstructions—in terms of Gaussian maps—for a marked Prym curve $$(C,\alpha ,T_d)$$

(
C
,
α
,

T
d

)

to admit a singular model lying on an Enriques surface with only one ordinary singular point of multiplicity d, such that $$T_d$$

T
d

is the pull-back of the singular point by the normalization map. More precisely, let (S, H) be a polarized Enriques surface and let (C, f) be a smooth curve together with a morphism $$f:C \rightarrow S$$

f
:
C
→
S

birational onto its image and such that $$f(C) \in |H|$$

f
(
C
)
∈
|
H
|

, f(C) has exactly one ordinary singular point of multiplicity d. Let $$\alpha =f^*\omega _S$$

α
=

f
∗

ω
S

and $$T_d$$

T
d

be the divisor over the singular point of f(C). We show that if H is sufficiently positive then certain natural Gaussian maps on C, associated with $$\omega _C$$

ω
C

, $$\alpha $$
α
, and $$T_d$$

T
d

are not surjective. On the contrary, we show that for the general triple in the moduli space of marked Prym curves $$(C,\alpha ,T_d)$$

(
C
,
α
,

T
d

)

, the same Gaussian maps are surjective.
Upcycling of agricultural residues for additive manufacturing: corn straw waste as reinforcing agent in acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene composite matrix
Authors: Carmona-Cabello Miguel , Herreros Jose Martin , Molero Esther , Lopez-Uceda Antonio , Pinzi Sara , Dorado M. P. , Romero Pablo E.
Published: May 2024

More than 1.2 billion tonnes of corn straw wastes (CSW) are generated worldwide each year. CSW is a fibrous, inexpensive, light material which is highly available. Currently, there are no pathways to manage such amount of CSW, being mainly burned in open field, with the environmental impact that this entails. In this work, the upcycling of CSW as a reinforcement material to be integrated in acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) composite matrix for additive manufacturing applications is proposed. ABS+CSW composite material has been used to manufacture 3D printing filaments, aiming to fabricate products via fused filament fabrication techniques. Standardized tensile and flexural test specimens were manufactured incorporating different contents of CSW (ranging from 1 to 5%, w/w) and glycerol (1%, w/w) to ABS: B1-1% (sample with 1% (w/w) of CSW), B2-3% (sample with 3% (w/w) of CSW), and B3-5% (sample with 5% (w/w) of CSW). The maximum tensile stress of the composites slightly increased by 1.3% (for B1-1%), exceeding 10% when B1-3% was used, compared to ABS. Moreover, it decreased to −3% for the specimen made with B3-5. In general terms, the higher the biomass content, the higher the flexural stress. However, the exception was provided by B1-1%, as the flexural stress decreased by 5% compared to ABS. The maximum flexural stress value was reached at 3% SCW, providing a value above 17%, compared to ABS and above 24%, compared to B1-1%. Furthermore, the incorporation of CSW into the ABS matrix resulted in lighter 3D printing filament materials and products compared to the use of ABS.
Multi-objective Optimization-Oriented Generative Adversarial Design for Multi-principal Element Alloys
Authors: Li Z. , Birbilis N.
Published: May 2024

The discovery of novel alloys, such as multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs)—inclusive of the so-called high-entropy alloys—remains essential for technological advancement. Multi-principal element alloys can manifest uniquely favorable mechanical properties, but the complexity of their compositions results in their design and performance being challenging to understand. With the emergence of the materials genome concept, there is potential to pursue novel materials using computational design approaches. However, the complexity of such design often requires immense computational power and sophisticated data analysis. In an attempt to address this, we introduce the application of a new framework, the non-dominant sorting optimization-based generative adversarial networks (NSGAN) in the discovery and exploration of novel MPEAs. By harnessing the power of genetic algorithms and generative adversarial networks (GANs), NSGANs offer an effective solution for high-dimensional multi-objective optimization challenges in alloy design. The framework is demonstrated to generate MPEAs according to specific alloy properties. Furthermore, an online web tool/software applies the NSGAN framework to disseminate the methodology to the broader scientific arena (along with the supporting code made available).
Generalized Linear Mixed Effects Modeling (GLMM) of Functional Analysis Graphical Construction Elements on Visual Analysis
Authors: Dowdy Art , Prime Kasey , Peltier Corey
Published: May 2024

Multielement designs are the quintessential design tactic to evaluate outcomes of a functional analysis in applied behavior analysis. Protecting the credibility of the data collection, graphing, and visual analysis processes from a functional analysis increases the likelihood that optimal intervention decisions are made for individuals. Time-series graphs and visual analysis are the most prevalent method used to interpret functional analysis data. The current project included two principal aims. First, we tested whether the graphical construction manipulation of the x-to-y axes ratio (i.e., data points per x- axis to y-axis ratio [DPPXYR]) influenced visual analyst’s detection of a function on 32 multielement design graphs displaying functional analyses. Second, we investigated the alignment between board certified behavior analysts (BCBAs; N = 59) visual analysis with the modified visual inspection criteria (Roane et al., Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 46, 130-146, 2013). We found that the crossed GLMM that included random slopes, random intercepts, and did not include an interaction effect (AIC = 1406.1, BIC = 1478.2) performed optimally. Second, alignment between BCBAs decisions and the MVI appeared to be low across data sets. We also leveraged current best practices in Open Science for raw data and analysis transparency.
Research Methodology for the Documentation and Analysis Phase of Industrial Architectural Heritage Preservation: The Case of “Nueva Cerámica de Orio”
Authors: Otamendi-Irizar Irati , Azpiri Albistegui Ana , Eizaguirre-Iribar Arritokieta
Published: May 2024

Notable shortcomings and difficulties can be identified along the cultural-heritage value chain that can result in missed opportunities with respect to vulnerable cultural and architectural heritage, especially in the case of industrial architectural heritage. Shortcomings have been observed in the early documentation stage, which constitutes the foundation for subsequent processes. The objective of this article is to respond to this issue by presenting a research methodology for the documentation and analysis phase and demonstrate its application to an industrial architectural complex: “Nueva Cerámica de Orio.” This article describes the detailed study of the existing documentation through cross-referencing data from various sources. The application of this methodology facilitated the establishment of a general understanding of the heritage asset and its characteristic, providing a solid base for the development of the value chain.
Evidenzfernes Lehrkräftehandeln – braucht die Bildungsforschung eine neue Wissenschaftskommunikation?
Authors: Besa Kris-Stephen
Published: May 2024

Lehramtsstudiengänge können lediglich Ausschnitte des benötigten Wissens für späteres Lehrkräftehandeln bieten. Dieses gilt insbesondere mit Blick auf Erkenntnisse aus empirischen Studien, die ohnehin nur partiell auf Unterrichtshandeln übertragbares Wissen liefern und fortlaufend neue Einsichten generieren.

Daher scheint es notwendig, dass Bildungsforscher*innen verstärkt Möglichkeiten der Wissenschaftskommunikation nutzen, wenn sie im Anschluss an die Phasen der Lehrer*innenbildung mit ihren Forschungsergebnissen Lehrkräfte im Beruf erreichen wollen und evidenzorientiertes Lehrkräftehandeln befördert werden soll.

Im folgenden Beitrag werden Ziele und Beispiele von Wissenschaftskommunikation in der Lehrer*innenbildung vorgestellt und deren Potenziale diskutiert.
An anisotropic hyperelastic strain energy function based on 21 icosahedron fiber distributions
Authors: Rubin M.B.
Published: May 2024

The microscopic Cauchy strain energy for linear elasticity based on the sum of quadratic strain energies due to pair potentials has only 15 material rari-constants. It is shown that the six vectors connecting opposing vertices of a regular icosahedron can be used to develop a strain energy function for general linear elastic anisotropic response with 21 material constants. Specifically, the six strains of material fibers characterized by these vectors are enhanced by 15 fiber distribution strains due to all combinations of distinct pairs of these vectors. These two-vector fiber distributions introduce coupling that is essential to obtaining general anisotropy. The model is generalized for large deformations by replacing the strains with stretches and by using a Fung-type exponential strain energy which couples the responses of the 21 stretches. The resulting nonlinear hyperelastic strain energy function can be used to model the anisotropic hyperelastic response of fibrous tissues.
Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and clinimetric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Brace Questionnaire
Authors: Fernandes Isabela Pedrosa , Gomes Marcella Veronnica Pereira , Andrade Rodrigo Mantelatto , Schmidt Ariane Verttú , Ribeiro Ana Paula , Magalhães Mauricio Oliveira
Published: May 2024

Purpose

To perform a cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Brazilian-Portuguese versions of the Brace Questionnaire in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Methods

A forward-backward translation process was employed to produce a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Brace Questionnaire, followed by comprehensive cross-cultural adaptation stages. The measurements of internal consistency and test–retest reliability were assessed by Cronbach’s a and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to analyze the concurrent validity by comparison with the Scoliosis Research Society-22r questionnaire.

Results

A total of 84 scoliosis patients (age 13.4 ± 2.0 years, thoracic Cobb angle 33.3° ± 13.8°, and lumbar Cobb angle 29.8° ± 14.3°) were included. The Brace Questionnaire showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.93) and moderate reliability (ICC = 0.86). The correlations between the Brace Questionnaire and Scoliosis Research Society-22 were r = 0.66; p = 0.011. In addition, it was found that the Brazilian version of the Brace Questionnaire does not have ceiling and floor effects.

Conclusions

The Brazilian-Portuguese adaptation of the brace questionnaire shows excellent reliability and can be a valid tool for psychometric assessment in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
Brief title of the study case report: a case of type II sacral agenesis with no neurogenic dysfunction
Authors: Khan Zuhera , Saleem Munazza
Published: May 2024

Background

Sacral agenesis is a rare neural tube defect characterized by abnormal development of the caudal aspect of the vertebral column and the spinal cord. Even though the etiology is unknown. Its pathophysiology has been linked to maternal diabetes, genetic factors, and several teratogens.

Case report

This case report presents the case of a young female patient (2 years old) of sacral agenesis type II with no neurogenic dysfunctions. MRI results were specifically used to make the diagnosis. There were no anatomical or functional impairments found in this patient, making the presentation of this case unique.

Conclusions

The case is being reported for its rarity and educational value because the prognosis is good in isolated sacral agenesis. Early detection and prompt treatment are crucial to decreasing the risk of complications and improving the prognosis.
The moving open future, temporal phenomenology, and temporal passage
Authors: Hodroj Batoul , Latham Andrew J. , Miller Kristie
Published: May 2024

Empirical evidence suggests that people naïvely represent time as dynamical (i.e. as containing robust temporal passage). Yet many contemporary B-theorists deny that it seems to us, in perceptual experience, as though time robustly passes. The question then arises as to why we represent time as dynamical if we do not have perceptual experiences which represent time as dynamical. We consider two hypotheses about why this might be: the temporally aperspectival replacement hypothesis and the moving open future hypothesis. We then empirically test the moving open future hypothesis. According to that hypothesis, we represent the past as objectively fixed and the future open. And we represent that this objective openness moves as events that were open become fixed, such that in doing so, we represent a privileged moving present. We found no evidence for the moving open future hypothesis, which suggests that further investigation of the temporally aperspectival replacement hypothesis is called for. Our results also shed further light on our understanding of the respects in which we represent the future to be open, which, in turn, has implications for our theorising about the open future.
A Novel Quantum Neural Network Approach to Combating Fake Reviews
Authors: Bikku Thulasi , Thota Srinivasarao , Shanmugasundaram P.
Published: May 2024

As e-commerce has grown gradually online item assessments have emerged as a key source of consumer data. That stated, there are problems with the consistency and fictitiousness of the evaluations because there are numerous fake or fraudulent ones. These misleading assessments are generated during the investigation in an attempt to mislead customers about the nature of a real advantage, compromising their ability to make a predetermined decision and damaging the reputations of businesses. A cutting-edge interrogation department revealed that quantum machine learning (QML) could manage a huge amount of machine-trained data and could convey almost emotional choices in the context of inaccurate checks. It is truly beneficial in obtaining reviews for things that are incorrect. Opinion, generating trends, interpersonal relationships, and assessing fatigue is merely a few of the attributes. Tests conducted utilizing the Amazon fraudulent review. The dataset demonstrates that QML tactics outperform conventional knowledge acquisition procedures in errands, including the place of fraudulent reviews. The delicacy and tolerance of incorrect review distinguishing evidence can be significantly advanced, although QML is still in its early stages of development. Both our proposed model and model pass rigorous conventional machine learning algorithms testing with a remarkable level of accuracy. An article introduces a unique approach to fraudulent review detection and brings in the QNN algorithm as a solution. A deep learning model, such as this one, has an 86% accuracy rate in quantum computer implementation, which is an impressive level of innovation, especially if it comes with successful results. Involvement in these cutting-edge technologies promises significant benefits in battling the problem of false identities on the Web. In our case, the experimental results demonstrate that our QNN algorithm, which can accurately identify fake reviews, will become a key weapon for suppressing various forms of fraudulence on emerging digital technology platforms.
Coral Larvae Journey Far and Wide in the Western Indian Ocean
Authors: Kornei Katherine
Published: May 2024

Researchers mapped coral reef connectivity across the Seychelles archipelago to inform conservation efforts in the face of climate change.
Strike-Slip Faults Could Drive Enceladus’s Jets
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: May 2024

The back-and-forth motion could also reshape surface geology at the moon’s south pole.
Paradigm shift required for translational research on the brain
Authors: Yoon Jong Hyuk , Lee Dongha , Lee Chany , Cho Eunji , Lee Seulah , Cazenave-Gassiot Amaury , Kim Kipom , Chae Sehyun , Dennis Edward A. , Suh Pann-Ghill
Published: May 2024

Biomedical research on the brain has led to many discoveries and developments, such as understanding human consciousness and the mind and overcoming brain diseases. However, historical biomedical research on the brain has unique characteristics that differ from those of conventional biomedical research. For example, there are different scientific interpretations due to the high complexity of the brain and insufficient intercommunication between researchers of different disciplines owing to the limited conceptual and technical overlap of distinct backgrounds. Therefore, the development of biomedical research on the brain has been slower than that in other areas. Brain biomedical research has recently undergone a paradigm shift, and conducting patient-centered, large-scale brain biomedical research has become possible using emerging high-throughput analysis tools. Neuroimaging, multiomics, and artificial intelligence technology are the main drivers of this new approach, foreshadowing dramatic advances in translational research. In addition, emerging interdisciplinary cooperative studies provide insights into how unresolved questions in biomedicine can be addressed. This review presents the in-depth aspects of conventional biomedical research and discusses the future of biomedical research on the brain.
TLR7-dependent eosinophil degranulation links psoriatic skin inflammation to small intestinal inflammatory changes in mice
Authors: Kim Hee Joo , Jang Jinsun , Na Kunhee , Lee Eun-Hui , Gu Hyeon-Jung , Lim Yoon Hee , Joo Seul-A , Baek Seung Eun , Roh Joo-Young , Maeng Han-Joo , Kim Yun Hak , Lee Young-Jae , Oh Byung-Chul , Jung YunJae
Published: May 2024

Recent evidence of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the context of psoriasis and the increased cooccurrence of inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis suggest a close relationship between skin and gut immune responses. Using a mouse model of psoriasis induced by the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 ligand imiquimod, we found that psoriatic dermatitis was accompanied by inflammatory changes in the small intestine associated with eosinophil degranulation, which impaired intestinal barrier integrity. Inflammatory responses in the skin and small intestine were increased in mice prone to eosinophil degranulation. Caco-2 human intestinal epithelial cells were treated with media containing eosinophil granule proteins and exhibited signs of inflammation and damage. Imiquimod-induced skin and intestinal changes were attenuated in eosinophil-deficient mice, and this attenuation was counteracted by the transfer of eosinophils. Imiquimod levels and the distribution of eosinophils were positively correlated in the intestine. TLR7-deficient mice did not exhibit intestinal eosinophil degranulation but did exhibit attenuated inflammation in the skin and small intestine following imiquimod administration. These results suggest that TLR7-dependent bidirectional skin-to-gut communication occurs in psoriatic inflammation and that inflammatory changes in the intestine can accelerate psoriasis.
Ultra-highly sensitive dual gases detection based on photoacoustic spectroscopy by exploiting a long-wave, high-power, wide-tunable, single-longitudinal-mode solid-state laser
Authors: Qiao Shunda , He Ying , Sun Haiyue , Patimisco Pietro , Sampaolo Angelo , Spagnolo Vincenzo , Ma Yufei
Published: May 2024

Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) as a highly sensitive and selective trace gas detection technique has extremely broad application in many fields. However, the laser sources currently used in PAS limit the sensing performance. Compared to diode laser and quantum cascade laser, the solid-state laser has the merits of high optical power, excellent beam quality, and wide tuning range. Here we present a long-wave, high-power, wide-tunable, single-longitudinal-mode solid-state laser used as light source in a PAS sensor for trace gas detection. The self-built solid-state laser had an emission wavelength of ~2 μm with Tm:YAP crystal as the gain material, with an excellent wavelength and optical power stability as well as a high beam quality. The wide wavelength tuning range of 9.44 nm covers the absorption spectra of water and ammonia, with a maximum optical power of ~130 mW, allowing dual gas detection with a single laser source. The solid-state laser was used as light source in three different photoacoustic detection techniques: standard PAS with microphone, and external- and intra-cavity quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS), proving that solid-state laser is an attractive excitation source in photoacoustic spectroscopy.
A patient-based iPSC-derived hepatocyte model of alcohol-associated cirrhosis reveals bioenergetic insights into disease pathogenesis
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Bani , Marietta Cheryl , Shen Pei-Hong , Oiseni Abdul , Mirshahi Faridoddin , Mazzu Maria , Hodgkinson Colin , Winkler Eli , Yuan Qiaoping , Miranda Daniel , Kunos George , Sanyal Arun J. , Goldman David
Published: May 2024

Only ~20% of heavy drinkers develop alcohol cirrhosis (AC). While differences in metabolism, inflammation, signaling, microbiome signatures and genetic variations have been tied to the pathogenesis of AC, the key underlying mechanisms for this interindividual variability, remain to be fully elucidated. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes (iHLCs) from patients with AC and healthy controls differ transcriptomically, bioenergetically and histologically. They include a greater number of lipid droplets (LDs) and LD-associated mitochondria compared to control cells. These pre-pathologic indicators are effectively reversed by Aramchol, an inhibitor of stearoyl-CoA desaturase. Bioenergetically, AC iHLCs have lower spare capacity, slower ATP production and their mitochondrial fuel flexibility towards fatty acids and glutamate is weakened. MARC1 and PNPLA3, genes implicated by GWAS in alcohol cirrhosis, show to correlate with lipid droplet-associated and mitochondria-mediated oxidative damage in AC iHLCs. Knockdown of PNPLA3 expression exacerbates mitochondrial deficits and leads to lipid droplets alterations. These findings suggest that differences in mitochondrial bioenergetics and lipid droplet formation are intrinsic to AC hepatocytes and can play a role in its pathogenesis.
Tunneling current-controlled spin states in few-layer van der Waals magnets
Authors: Fu ZhuangEn , Samarawickrama Piumi I. , Ackerman John , Zhu Yanglin , Mao Zhiqiang , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Wang Wenyong , Dahnovsky Yuri , Wu Mingzhong , Chien TeYu , Tang Jinke , MacDonald Allan H. , Chen Hua , Tian Jifa
Published: May 2024

Effective control of magnetic phases in two-dimensional magnets would constitute crucial progress in spintronics, holding great potential for future computing technologies. Here, we report a new approach of leveraging tunneling current as a tool for controlling spin states in CrI3. We reveal that a tunneling current can deterministically switch between spin-parallel and spin-antiparallel states in few-layer CrI3, depending on the polarity and amplitude of the current. We propose a mechanism involving nonequilibrium spin accumulation in the graphene electrodes in contact with the CrI3 layers. We further demonstrate tunneling current-tunable stochastic switching between multiple spin states of the CrI3 tunnel devices, which goes beyond conventional bi-stable stochastic magnetic tunnel junctions and has not been documented in two-dimensional magnets. Our findings not only address the existing knowledge gap concerning the influence of tunneling currents in controlling the magnetism in two-dimensional magnets, but also unlock possibilities for energy-efficient probabilistic and neuromorphic computing.
The role of charge in microdroplet redox chemistry
Authors: Heindel Joseph P. , LaCour R. Allen , Head-Gordon Teresa
Published: May 2024

In charged water microdroplets, which occur in nature or in the lab upon ultrasonication or in electrospray processes, the thermodynamics for reactive chemistry can be dramatically altered relative to the bulk phase. Here, we provide a theoretical basis for the observation of accelerated chemistry by simulating water droplets of increasing charge imbalance to create redox agents such as hydroxyl and hydrogen radicals and solvated electrons. We compute the hydration enthalpy of OH− and H+ that controls the electron transfer process, and the corresponding changes in vertical ionization energy and vertical electron affinity of the ions, to create OH• and H• reactive species. We find that at ~ 20 − 50% of the Rayleigh limit of droplet charge the hydration enthalpy of both OH− and H+ have decreased by >50 kcal/mol such that electron transfer becomes thermodynamically favorable, in correspondence with the more favorable vertical electron affinity of H+ and the lowered vertical ionization energy of OH−. We provide scaling arguments that show that the nanoscale calculations and conclusions extend to the experimental microdroplet length scale. The relevance of the droplet charge for chemical reactivity is illustrated for the formation of H2O2, and has clear implications for other redox reactions observed to occur with enhanced rates in microdroplets.
Boosting organic phosphorescence in adaptive host-guest materials by hyperconjugation
Authors: Ma Huili , Fu Lishun , Yao Xiaokang , Jiang Xueyan , Lv Kaiqi , Ma Qian , Shi Huifang , An Zhongfu , Huang Wei
Published: May 2024

Phosphorescence is ubiquitous in heavy atom-containing organic phosphors, which attracts considerable attention in optoelectronics and bioelectronics. However, heavy atom-free organic materials with efficient phosphorescence are rare under ambient conditions. Herein, we report a series of adaptive host-guest materials derived from dibenzo-heterocyclic analogues, showing host-dependent color-tunable phosphorescence with phosphorescence efficiency of up to 98.9%. The adaptive structural deformation of the guests arises from the hyperconjugation, namely the n→π* interaction, enabling them to inhabit the cavity of host crystals in synergy with steric effects. Consequently, a perfect conformation match between host and guest molecules facilitates the suppression of triplet exciton dissipation, thereby boosting the phosphorescence of these adaptive materials. Moreover, we extend this strategy to a ternary host-guest system, yielding both excitation- and time-dependent phosphorescence with a phosphorescence efficiency of 92.0%. This principle provides a concise way for obtaining efficient and color-tunable phosphorescence, making a major step toward potential applications in optoelectronics.
A human-machine interface for automatic exploration of chemical reaction networks
Authors: Steiner Miguel , Reiher Markus
Published: May 2024

Autonomous reaction network exploration algorithms offer a systematic approach to explore mechanisms of complex chemical processes. However, the resulting reaction networks are so vast that an exploration of all potentially accessible intermediates is computationally too demanding. This renders brute-force explorations unfeasible, while explorations with completely pre-defined intermediates or hard-wired chemical constraints, such as element-specific coordination numbers, are not flexible enough for complex chemical systems. Here, we introduce a STEERING WHEEL to guide an otherwise unbiased automated exploration. The STEERING WHEEL algorithm is intuitive, generally applicable, and enables one to focus on specific regions of an emerging network. It also allows for guiding automated data generation in the context of mechanism exploration, catalyst design, and other chemical optimization challenges. The algorithm is demonstrated for reaction mechanism elucidation of transition metal catalysts. We highlight how to explore catalytic cycles in a systematic and reproducible way. The exploration objectives are fully adjustable, allowing one to harness the STEERING WHEEL for both structure-specific (accurate) calculations as well as for broad high-throughput screening of possible reaction intermediates.
MetaboAnalystR 4.0: a unified LC-MS workflow for global metabolomics
Authors: Pang Zhiqiang , Xu Lei , Viau Charles , Lu Yao , Salavati Reza , Basu Niladri , Xia Jianguo
Published: May 2024

The wide applications of liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in untargeted metabolomics demand an easy-to-use, comprehensive computational workflow to support efficient and reproducible data analysis. However, current tools were primarily developed to perform specific tasks in LC-MS based metabolomics data analysis. Here we introduce MetaboAnalystR 4.0 as a streamlined pipeline covering raw spectra processing, compound identification, statistical analysis, and functional interpretation. The key features of MetaboAnalystR 4.0 includes an auto-optimized feature detection and quantification algorithm for LC-MS1 spectra processing, efficient MS2 spectra deconvolution and compound identification for data-dependent or data-independent acquisition, and more accurate functional interpretation through integrated spectral annotation. Comprehensive validation studies using LC-MS1 and MS2 spectra obtained from standards mixtures, dilution series and clinical metabolomics samples have shown its excellent performance across a wide range of common tasks such as peak picking, spectral deconvolution, and compound identification with good computing efficiency. Together with its existing statistical analysis utilities, MetaboAnalystR 4.0 represents a significant step toward a unified, end-to-end workflow for LC-MS based global metabolomics in the open-source R environment.
Eye movements track prioritized auditory features in selective attention to natural speech
Authors: Gehmacher Quirin , Schubert Juliane , Schmidt Fabian , Hartmann Thomas , Reisinger Patrick , Rösch Sebastian , Schwarz Konrad , Popov Tzvetan , Chait Maria , Weisz Nathan
Published: May 2024

Over the last decades, cognitive neuroscience has identified a distributed set of brain regions that are critical for attention. Strong anatomical overlap with brain regions critical for oculomotor processes suggests a joint network for attention and eye movements. However, the role of this shared network in complex, naturalistic environments remains understudied. Here, we investigated eye movements in relation to (un)attended sentences of natural speech. Combining simultaneously recorded eye tracking and magnetoencephalographic data with temporal response functions, we show that gaze tracks attended speech, a phenomenon we termed ocular speech tracking. Ocular speech tracking even differentiates a target from a distractor in a multi-speaker context and is further related to intelligibility. Moreover, we provide evidence for its contribution to neural differences in speech processing, emphasizing the necessity to consider oculomotor activity in future research and in the interpretation of neural differences in auditory cognition.
How to obtain an integrated picture of the molecular networks involved in adaptation to microgravity in different biological systems?
Authors: Willis Craig R. G. , Calvaruso Marco , Angeloni Debora , Baatout Sarah , Benchoua Alexandra , Bereiter-Hahn Juergen , Bottai Daniele , Buchheim Judith-Irina , Carnero-Diaz Eugénie , Castiglioni Sara , Cavalieri Duccio , Ceccarelli Gabriele , Chouker Alexander , Cialdai Francesca , Ciofani Gianni , Coppola Giuseppe , Cusella Gabriella , Degl’Innocenti Andrea , Desaphy Jean-Francois , Frippiat Jean-Pol , Gelinsky Michael , Genchi Giada , Grano Maria , Grimm Daniela , Guignandon Alain , Herranz Raúl , Hellweg Christine , Iorio Carlo Saverio , Karapantsios Thodoris , van Loon Jack , Lulli Matteo , Maier Jeanette , Malda Jos , Mamaca Emina , Morbidelli Lucia , Osterman Andreas , Ovsianikov Aleksandr , Pampaloni Francesco , Pavezlorie Elizabeth , Pereda-Campos Veronica , Przybyla Cyrille , Rettberg Petra , Rizzo Angela Maria , Robson-Brown Kate , Rossi Leonardo , Russo Giorgio , Salvetti Alessandra , Risaliti Chiara , Santucci Daniela , Sperl Matthias , Tabury Kevin , Tavella Sara , Thielemann Christiane , Willaert Ronnie , Monici Monica , Szewczyk Nathaniel J.
Published: May 2024

Periodically, the European Space Agency (ESA) updates scientific roadmaps in consultation with the scientific community. The ESA SciSpacE Science Community White Paper (SSCWP) 9, “Biology in Space and Analogue Environments”, focusses in 5 main topic areas, aiming to address key community-identified knowledge gaps in Space Biology. Here we present one of the identified topic areas, which is also an unanswered question of life science research in Space: “How to Obtain an Integrated Picture of the Molecular Networks Involved in Adaptation to Microgravity in Different Biological Systems?” The manuscript reports the main gaps of knowledge which have been identified by the community in the above topic area as well as the approach the community indicates to address the gaps not yet bridged. Moreover, the relevance that these research activities might have for the space exploration programs and also for application in industrial and technological fields on Earth is briefly discussed.
Metastable cellular structures govern localized corrosion damage development in additive manufactured stainless steel
Authors: DelVecchio Evan , Liu Tiffany , Chang Yen-Ting , Nie Yuheng , Eslami Maryam , Charpagne Marie A.
Published: May 2024

The rapid solidification associated with additive manufacturing (AM) leads to complex microstructures with peculiar features amongst which cellular solidification structures are the most remarkable. These metastable structures possess a clear segregation pattern dictated by the solidification pathway of the alloy and are bounded by dislocation walls. While they confer exceptional strength and ductility to AM 316L stainless steel, their effect on localized corrosion in chloride environments remains to be established. Here, we employ correlative electron microscopy to reveal coupled chemical, electrochemical, and crystallographic effects on localized corrosion attack and its development. We show that the Cr and Mo-depleted interior of the cellular solidification structures dissolves selectively, giving rise to an intricate damage morphology, that is directly related to the underlying crystallographic orientation. Whereas surface observations only reveal apparently shallow micrometer-size cavities, 3D tomography via focused ion beam serial-sectioning shows a high degree of connectivity between these features underneath the surface. We reveal this intricate morphology, propose a formation mechanism, and discuss alloy design guidelines to mitigate this phenomenon.
Content-based image retrieval of Indian traditional textile motifs using deep feature fusion
Authors: Varshney Seema , Singh Sarika , Lakshmi C. Vasantha , Patvardhan C.
Published: May 2024

In the fast-paced fashion world, unique designs are like early birds, grabbing attention as online shopping surges. Fabric texture plays an immense role in selecting the perfect design. Indian Traditional textile motifs are pivotal, showing rich cultural origins and attracting worldwide art fanatics. Yet, technology-driven abstract forms are posing a challenge for them. The decline of handmade artistic ability due to computerization is concerning. Crafting new designs associated with the latest trends is time- consuming and requires diligence. In this work an interactive CBIR (content-based image retrieval) system is presented. It utilizes deep features from InceptionV3 and InceptionResNetV2 models to match query designs with a database of traditional Indian textiles. Its performance is tested with Caltech-101, Corel-1K state-of-the-art datasets, and Indian Textiles datasets and the results are shown to be finer than the existing approaches. The similarity-based fine-grained saliency maps (SBFGSM) approach is employed to visualize the importance of features. Our approach combines deep feature fusion with PCA dimensionality reduction and speeds up search using a clustering approach. Relevance feedback is employed to refine the retrievals. This tool is expected to benefit designers by accelerating the design cycles by bridging the gap between human creativity and A.I. assistance.
An eco-friendly and cost-effective HPTLC method for quantification of COVID-19 antiviral drug and co-administered medications in spiked human plasma
Authors: Ghozzy Ekram A. , El-Enany Nahed M. , Tolba Manar M. , El Abass Samah Abo
Published: May 2024

The coronavirus-2 has led to a global pandemic of COVID-19 with an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome leading to worldwide quarantine measures and a rise in death rates. The objective of this study is to propose a green, sensitive, and selective densitometric method to simultaneously quantify remdesivir (REM) in the presence of the co-administered drug linezolid (LNZ) and rivaroxaban (RIV) in spiked human plasma. TLC silica gel aluminum plates 60 F254 were used as the stationary phase, and the mobile phase was composed of dichloromethane (DCM): acetone (8.5:1.5, v/v) with densitometric detection at 254 nm. Well-resolved peaks have been observed with retardation factors (Rf) of 0.23, 0.53, and 0.72 for REM, LNZ, and RIV, respectively. A validation study was conducted according to ICH Q2 (R1) Guidelines. The method was rectilinear over the concentration ranges of 0.2–5.5 μg/band, 0.2–4.5 μg/band and 0.1–3.0 μg/band for REM, LNZ and RIV, respectively. The sensitivities of REM, LIN, and RIV were outstanding, with quantitation limits of 128.8, 50.5, and 55.8 ng/band, respectively. The approach has shown outstanding recoveries ranging from 98.3 to 101.2% when applied to pharmaceutical formulations and spiked human plasma. The method’s greenness was assessed using Analytical Eco-scale, GAPI, and AGREE metrics.