bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS DE ENSINO E DE APRENDIZAGEM: UMA ABORDAGEM DE INICIAÇÃO À PESQUISA
Authors: Gewehr Diógenes , Strohschoen Andreia Aparecida Guimarães , Marchi Miriam Ines , Martins Silvana Neumann , Schuck Rogério José
Published: March 2024

O atual contexto educacional apresenta-se como um verdadeiro mosaico. Enquanto alguns professores utilizam estratégias tradicionais de ensino, altamente repetitivas; outros profissionais fazem uso de práticas pedagógicas, consideradas inovadoras, que têm sido nomeadas como metodologias ativas de ensino e aprendizagem. Acreditando nesta segunda abordagem, este estudo busca problematizar as implicações do uso de estratégias norteadas por metodologias ativas na iniciação à pesquisa de alunos, especificamente discutindo a construção de projetos de pesquisa para Feiras de Ciências. Foi realizado seguindo abordagem qualitativa, sendo uma pesquisa-ação, desenvolvida em uma escola do interior do Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil, tendo como sujeitos de investigação dois professores de Ciências e duas turmas de alunos do Ensino Fundamental, sétimo e oitavo anos, dos quais, seis alunos eram Bolsistas de Iniciação Cientí­fica Júnior (BICJr). Professores e BICJr elaboraram portfólios reflexivos, os quais compõem os instrumentos de análise deste estudo. Este ocorreu entre novembro de 2014 e outubro de 2015. Os portfólios produzidos foram analisados segundo Análise Descritiva. Observou-se que os alunos mostraram-se empolgados com as estratégias pedagógicas inovadoras, tornando-se participativos e interessados, em comparação às aulas "normais" . Os alunos BICJr assumiram uma nova postura, principalmente no que se refere à capacidade de comunicação, expressando-se com mais facilidade, clareza e segurança. As duas turmas desenvolveram projetos de pesquisa para a Feira de Ciências, demonstrando conhecimento de metodologia cientí­fica. Para os professores, as estratégias pedagógicas norteadas por metodologias ativas foram as principais responsáveis pelas mudanças no perfil dos alunos, pois passaram a exercitar capacidade de reflexão, autonomia e senso crí­tico, o que antes era pouco observado. Destaca-se a importância da pesquisa e o incentivo desta como instrumento pedagógico, de modo que os alunos deem o primeiro passo para a iniciação cientí­fica, sendo isto grandemente facilitado pelo uso de estratégias pedagógicas norteadas por metodologias ativas de ensino e de aprendizagem.
Contribuições da epistemologia materialista histórico-dialética para o ensino de fí­sica
Authors: Vieira Franciele de Souza Caetano , Prudêncio Márcia Elida Domingos , Pascoali Susy
Published: March 2024

Neste artigo são expostas algumas das causas para o problema que atinge as escolas, principalmente, no ensino médio: falta de professores na área de Fí­sica. Diante disso, tem-se como objetivo demonstrar possí­veis razões que levam os alunos a resistirem ou não optarem pelo curso de licenciatura em Fí­sica em seus vestibulares. Ainda, traz as contribuições da epistemologia materialista histórico-dialética para o ensino de referida disciplina, como um possí­vel meio para despertar maior interesse dos alunos em aprender e futuramente lecionar Fí­sica. As informações foram obtidas por meio de questionário aplicado em uma turma do último ano do ensino médio, dentre outras questões indagou-se como está sendo repassado o conteúdo de Fí­sica, qual é a preferência do aluno em relação à metodologia da aula e sua opção por Fí­sica como carreira profissional. Em suma, nas respostas as perguntas, a maioria dos alunos demonstrou falta de interesse pela disciplina por compreenderem que a mesma envolve apenas cálculos e por não conseguirem compreender a forma como os conteúdos são ministrados em sala de aula. Nesse passo, acredita-se que o método de ensino fundado na epistemologia materialista histórico-dialética configura-se em uma prática pedagógica que enseja apreender conhecimentos cientí­ficos vinculados à prática social, em seus movimentos e contradições, traduzindo-se em uma relevante formal para o exercí­cio do ensino da disciplina de Fí­sica de caráter crí­tico e emancipador, podendo produzir no educando, além da compreensão do conteúdo, admiração pela aprendido e uma possí­vel vontade de optar pela Fí­sica como carreira docente.
Diagnóstico do consumo de hortaliças em uma instituição de ensino no nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Filho Jacques Carvalho Ribeiro , Brasil José Bandeira
Published: March 2024

As hortaliças são parte integrante da dieta da população mundial. São alimentos indispensáveis para a dieta equilibrada e seu consumo é de vital importância para a saúde, pois são fontes de fibras, sais minerais, vitaminas, carboidratos e nutrientes. O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o perfil dos consumidores de hortaliças numa Instituição de ensino no municí­pio de Iguatu-CE, quanto á forma de consumo, local onde o consumidor costuma comprar hortaliças, e os benefí­cios que podem trazer a saúde, dentre outros aspectos. Esta pesquisa foi realizada pelo método exploratório, adotando-se amostras não probabilí­sticas. Foram realizadas entrevistas com 50 consumidores de hortaliças, utilizado para a coleta de dados um questionário composto de 18 perguntas dividido em 3 blocos. Dentre os questionários respondidos pode-se perceber que a maioria dos entrevistados era do sexo masculino, estavam na faixa etária com menos de 20 anos, solteiros, e tinham como grau de instrução o ensino superior incompleto. O tomate e o coentro são as hortaliças mais adquiridas sendo os supermercados o principal local de compras de hortaliças e seu consumo é preferencialmente na forma in natura.
A FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DOS ANOS INICIAIS PARA O ENSINO DE ASTRONOMIA NO ESTADO DO PARANÁ
Authors: BATISTA MICHEL CORCI
Published: March 2024

Este trabalho apresenta parte dos resultados de uma pesquisa de doutorado que objetivou por meio da pesquisa qualitativa realizar um estudo exploratório acerca das caracterí­sticas e dos fundamentos que norteiam a formação do pedagogo para o ensino de astronomia em oito instituições de ensino paranaense, seis cursos de graduação oferecidos por instituições públicas de ensino superior, dois cursos de graduação oferecidos por instituições privadas e um curso de formação de docentes em ní­vel médio, também ofertado por uma instituição pública. O material de análise para a investigação consistiu em ementas e programas detalhados das disciplinas Metodologia de Ensino de Ciências (MEC). Verificou-se que os programas acentuam os aspectos metodológicos em detrimento dos conteúdos especí­ficos de Ciências Naturais havendo, em alguns casos, dissociação da prática de ensino no contexto da disciplina MEC.
O estágio supervisionado segundo a visão de acadêmicos do curso de Ciências Biológicas
Authors: Passos Marinez Meneghello , Maistro Virginia Iara de Andrade , Arruda Sergio de Mello
Published: March 2024

Neste artigo analisamos os discursos de acadêmicos de uma Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas de uma universidade pública do Paraná, buscando entender como eles lidaram com a questão de ser professor e como enfrentaram os desafios da prática docente. Procuramos também compreender as relações dos licenciandos com o conteúdo, com o ensino e com a aprendizagem durante a realização do estágio supervisionado. De uma população inicial de quinze estudantes, escolhemos cinco para o aprofundamento da análise. Aplicando um instrumento analí­tico denominado Matriz 3x3 (ARRUDA; LIMA; PASSOS, 2011), aos relatos dos estudantes sobre o estágio supervisionado, ficou evidente que eles estavam mais preocupados com os aspectos técnicos da gestão do ensino e com sua atuação na sala de aula, do que com a aprendizagem dos alunos. Os dados mostram que a prática da docência inicial possibilita aos acadêmicos múltiplas experiências, ameniza seus anseios, medos, angústias, preocupações, mas nem por isso modificam os seus propósitos de atuação na escola básica. Após a conclusão do estágio, a maioria dos acadêmicos pode até ver a docência com outros olhos, mas não ao ponto de desejar ser professor, principalmente da educação básica.
A formação de professores para o ensino de História nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental
Authors: Gonçalves Arantes Gennari Ana Paula , Negrão de Araújo Roberta
Published: March 2024

A História, como ciência dos homens no tempo, desde sua inserção no currí­culo, está em processo de mudanças. Diante disso, a presente pesquisa teve como norte o problema: "De que forma o curso de Pedagogia tem formado os professores para o ensino de História nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental?" . Para respondê-lo discutiu-se a formação inicial de professores no contexto nacional, bem como os documentos curriculares oficiais que norteiam o ensino de História, haja vista a necessidade de definir qual documento oficial norteará o seu trabalho na referida disciplina. Posteriormente, foi realizada uma investigação qualitativa, por meio da análise de conteúdo dos documentos e do levantamento das percepções das professoras quanto à sua formação no que tange ao ensino de História.
O ensino-aprendizagem e o ser professor: concepções docentes
Authors: Da Silva Eliane Paganini , Dongo-Montoya Adrián Oscar
Published: March 2024

A educação vem passando por uma crise e apresenta situações conflitantes de difí­ceis soluções que atingem diretamente alunos e professores. Os educadores não sabem muito bem como lidar com tal contexto, pois nos parece que continuam realizando um ensino baseado pura e simplesmente em transmissão de conhecimento. Assim, por meio de pesquisa, buscamos analisar as concepções de ensino-aprendizagem e do ser professor dos docentes e se eles tomam consciência de sua concepção. Nosso referencial teórico traz autores que tratam a profissão docente e os conceitos da teoria piagetiana. As entrevistas foram realizadas com professores de uma escola particular do interior paulista. Utilizamos como recurso metodológico a aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas e com uma aplicação baseada no método clí­nico utilizado por Jean Piaget. A análise foi pautada no conceito piagetiano da tomada de consciência. Os participantes foram doze professores da Educação Básica. Os resultados empí­ricos mostraram que uma boa parte dos professores não tomam consciência de como suas concepções de ensino-aprendizagem são baseadas no instrucionismo e na transmissão oral.
Pedagogia Social e Educação Social: Análises das convergências e divergências teóricas dessas áreas no Brasil
Authors: Angeli Teixeira de Paula Ercília Maria
Published: March 2024

As áreas da Pedagogia Social e da Educação Social são recentes no campo acadêmico no Brasil. As práxis educativas dos movimentos sociais, do Terceiro Setor e das Organizações Não Governamentais incorporam os princí­pios teórico metodológicos em seus trabalhos cotidianos há muitas décadas. Entretanto, nas universidades, o debate sobre essas áreas está em construção. A perspectiva libertária de Paulo Freire e a Educação Popular são considerados os referenciais teóricos fundantes desses dois campos e a principal convergência entre elas. O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir as convergências e divergências teóricas dessas áreas no Brasil. A metodologia foi a revisão de literatura de produções acadêmicas do perí­odo de 2000 a 2016 que discutem essas temáticas. Como resultados, observa-se que, nas últimas décadas no Brasil, existe um processo gradual de ampliação dos grupos de estudos, das produções acadêmicas, dos livros, dos artigos, das dissertações e de teses que discutem esses conceitos. Todavia, existem tensões e princí­pios teóricos divergentes em relação a formação dos educadores sociais no Brasil. Conclui-se que são necessários estudos sobre as convergências e divergências teóricas desses campos para que sejam traçadas polí­ticas públicas consistentes para formação de educadores que atuam e os que desejam atuar em diferentes contextos.
PALAVRAS CHAVE: Pedagogia Social, Educação Social, Formação de educadores
GDF-8 improves in vitro implantation and cryo-tolerance by stimulating the ALK5-SMAD2/3 signaling in bovine IVF embryo development
Authors: Kang Seon-Min , Idrees Muhammad , Perera Chalani Dilshani , Lee Seo-Hyun , Zhang Mingjun , Yu Xianfeng , Jin Yongxun , Kong Il-Keun
Published: March 2024

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) plays a critical role in regulating trophoblast invasion and proliferation. Growth differentiation factor-8 (GDF-8) is a member of the TGF-β superfamily and is categorized as a myostatin subtype. It is primarily a secreted protein synthesized in skeletal muscle cells. It is expressed in the placenta, reproductive tissues, and cells. In this study, we investigated the role of GDF-8 in the development and hatching rate of bovine embryos. We noted a notable elevation (p < 0.05) in the development and hatching rates compared to the control embryos. Furthermore, the GDF-8 group showed a significantly improved total cell number (p < 0.05) and an increase in trophectoderm ratio inner cell mass (trophectoderm: inner cell mass) cells (p < 0.001) compared to the control group. Additionally, blastocysts treated with GDF-8 exhibited significantly higher mRNA levels of caudal-type homeobox 2 (CDX2) (p < 0.05). The trophoblast invasion area was significantly larger in the GDF-8 group than in the control group (p < 0.01). Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis revealed significantly higher mRNA levels (p < 0.05) of matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP9) and follistatin-like 3(FSTL3), both of which are associated with the ALK5-SMAD2/3 signaling pathway, in the GDF-8 group than those in the control group. The mRNA expression levels of genes related to tight junctions (TJ) and adherent junctions were higher in the GDF-8 group than those in the control group (p < 0.05). After 24 h of thawing, blastocysts were analyzed using 4-kDa FITC-dextran, which revealed a higher TJ integrity in the GDF-8 group (p < 0.01). Thus, GDF-8 plays a crucial role in bovine embryonic development, in vitro implantation, and cryotolerance.
Sex-based outcomes on unguided de-escalation from ticagrelor to clopidogrel in stabilized patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a post-hoc analysis of the TALOS-AMI
Authors: Shin Eun-Seok , Jun Eun Jung , Kim Bitna , Kim Chan Joon , Park Mahn-Won , Choo Eun-Ho , Hwang Byung-Hee , Lee Kwan Yong , Oh Gyu-Chul , Kim Min Chul , Yim Hyeon Woo , Ahn Youngkeun , Chang Kiyuk
Published: March 2024

Background

The TALOS-AMI study highlighted the effectiveness of a de-escalation strategy shifting from ticagrelor to clopidogrel 1 month after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), resulting in significant reduction in clinical events, primarily attributed to a substantial decrease in bleeding events. Nevertheless, the impact of this strategy on outcomes based on sex remains unclear.

Methods

This was a post-hoc analysis of the TALOS-AMI study. At 1 month after PCI, patients who remained adherent to aspirin and ticagrelor without experiencing major adverse events were randomized into either the de-escalation group (clopidogrel plus aspirin) or the active control group (ticagrelor plus aspirin) for an additional 12 months. The primary endpoint encompassed a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and Bleeding Academic Research Consortium bleeding type 2 or greater at 12 months after randomization.

Results

Among the 2,697 patients included in this study, 454 (16.8%) were women. Women, characterized by older age and a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, impaired renal function, and non-ST-segment myocardial infarction, exhibited a lower primary endpoint at 12 months compared to men [adjusted hazards ratio (HR), 0.60; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.37–0.95; P = 0.03]. Compare to the active control group, the de-escalation group demonstrated a reduced risk of the primary endpoint in both women (adjusted HR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.15–0.95; P = 0.039) and men (adjusted HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.40–0.79; P = 0.001) (interaction P = 0.46).

Conclusions

In stabilized patients post-PCI with drug-eluting stents for acute myocardial infarction, the primary endpoint was lower among women compared to men. In this cohort, the benefits of an unguided de-escalation strategy from ticagrelor to clopidogrel were comparable in women and men.
Research and application of new anti-floating anchor in anti-floating reinforcement of existing underground structures
Authors: Liu Guohui , Jia Pingsheng , Sun Jianping , Jiang Zongbao , Yang Fan , Yang Guorui , Shao Guangbiao
Published: March 2024

In recent years, due to the changing climate conditions and the continuous deepening of water resource conservation measures, the groundwater level in northern China has gradually risen, leading to the increasingly prominent issue of anti-floating in existing buildings and structures. The development and adoption of reliable anti-floating reinforcement techniques for existing structures are crucial for ensuring the quality of such reinforcements. Therefore, focusing on the limitations of the anchor method for anti-floating reinforcement, this paper proposes a new type of anti-floating prestressed compression anchor that features a full-length anti-compressive steel pipe with a bearing body at the end and uses non-bonding tendons throughout its length. Firstly, the structural form of this pressure-type anchor is introduced; subsequently, combined with the results of on-site pull-out tests of the anchor, an analysis is conducted on the working principle, lateral resistance distribution, and internal force transfer mechanism of the new anti-floating anchor, and its load-bearing characteristics are elucidated. Finally, relying on actual anti-floating reinforcement projects and through numerical calculations, the changes in internal forces under different anti-floating conditions of existing structures reinforced with the new anchor compared to conventional anchors are contrasted. Research findings and engineering practice indicate that this new anti-floating anchor improves the mechanical performance of the grout body of the anchor, solves the water seepage problem at the anchor location of the waterproof slab, effectively suppresses cracking of the foundation waterproof slab after reinforcement, and enhances the anti-floating and durability of existing structures.
Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin concentration is associated with disease activity and predicts response to treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone in patients with Graves’ orbitopathy
Authors: Hötte Gijsbert J. , Kolijn P. Martijn , de Bie Maaike , de Keizer Ronald O. B. , Medici Marco , Weerd Kim van der , van Hagen P. Martin , Paridaens Dion , Dik Willem A.
Published: March 2024

Background

Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) play a central role in the pathogenesis of Graves’ orbitopathy (GO), while soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) is a marker for T-cell activity. We investigated TSI and sIL-2R levels in relation to thyroid function, disease activity and severity and response to treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) in patients with GO.

Methods

TSI (bridge-based TSI binding assay), sIL-2R, TSH and fT4 levels were measured in biobank serum samples from 111 GO patients (37 male, 74 female; mean age 49.2 years old) and 25 healthy controls (5 male, 20 female; mean age 39.8 years old). Clinical characteristics and response to treatment were retrospectively retrieved from patient files.

Results

Higher sIL-2R levels were observed in GO patients compared to controls (p < 0.001). sIL-2R correlated with fT4 (r = 0.26), TSH (r = -0.40) and TSI (r = 0.21). TSI and sIL-2R concentrations were higher in patients with active compared to inactive GO (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Both TSI and sIL-2R correlated with total clinical activity score (CAS; r = 0.33 and r = 0.28, respectively) and with several individual CAS items. Cut-off levels for predicting active GO were 2.62 IU/L for TSI (AUC = 0.71, sensitivity 69%, specificity 69%) and 428 IU/mL for sIL-2R (AUC = 0.64, sensitivity 62%, specificity 62%). In multivariate testing higher TSI (p < 0.01), higher age (p < 0.001) and longer disease duration (p < 0.01) were associated with disease activity. TSI levels were higher in patients with a poor IVMP response (p = 0.048), while sIL-2R levels did not differ between responders and non-responders. TSI cut-off for predicting IVMP response was 19.4 IU/L (AUC = 0.69, sensitivity 50%, specificity 91%). In multivariate analysis TSI was the only independent predictor of response to IVMP (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

High TSI levels are associated with active disease (cut-off 2.62 IU/L) and predict poor response to IVMP treatment (cut-off 19.4 IU/L) in GO. While sIL-2R correlates with disease activity, it is also related to thyroid function, making it less useful as an additional biomarker in GO.
Market equilibrium with strategic pricing and strategic constraints in renewable energy: the role of private energy storage
Authors: Xiao Jucheng , Meng Yan , Li Li , Fan Shuai , He Guangyu , Li Zuyi
Published: March 2024

With the increasing prevalence of renewable energy (RE) companies equipped with private energy storage (ES) systems, a dual capability emerges to offer strategic pricing and strategic constraints in market competition. Specifically, these RE companies can strategically leverage their own private ESs to modulate the variability of RE output limits and introduce modified constraints within the market. To examine these new strategic behaviors and the resulting market equilibria, we introduce an innovative bilevel strategic behavior model. The upper level of the model delineates the strategy for RE profit maximization through the imposition of strategic constraints and pricing schemes, while the lower level calculates the revenue outcomes for all entities in the day-ahead energy market clearing. The integration of the bilevel models from all strategic entities leads to the formulation of a new equilibrium problem with equilibrium constraints (EPEC), the solution of which indicates a novel market equilibrium. The impacts of these market equilibria on critical system operation metrics are then evaluated across two representative market mechanisms. Our numerical experiments reveal that RE exhibits low sensitivity to the private ES’s cost, suggesting that the behavior of imposing strategic constraints may be widespread among RE companies owning private ESs. Furthermore, the introduction of strategic constraints enhances the competitiveness of RE, significantly affecting social welfare, energy pricing, and RE integration rate. The study concludes with insights that could inform practical market transactions and system operations.
Research on active participation of distributed photovoltsics in power grid primary frequency control strategy
Authors: Zhang Runtao , Wang Lei , Zeng Siming , Cheng Ziwei , Su Can , Li Zhiwei , Zhang Hao
Published: March 2024

Distributed photovoltaic systems can actively contribute to the primary frequency regulation of the power grid by reserving capacity. Traditional power reduction methods often employ fixed load reduction ratios, potentially resulting in inadequate frequency regulation capacity and unnecessary reserve power. This paper centers on optimizing power reserve control, starting with the construction of a two-stage model for a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter power generation system. It includes the design of a maximum power estimation method and the implementation of photovoltaic power reduction operation. The article proposes a strategy to utilize photovoltaic backup capacity for achieving primary frequency modulation effects in a short time scale. Additionally, it adopts a variable power reserve ratio operation strategy over the long term, aiming to enhance photovoltaic power generation and optimize solar energy utilization without compromising the grid’s frequency and quality. Finally, a MATLAB/Simulink model is developed to validate the effectiveness of the control strategy. Simulation results indicate that the proposed strategy satisfies frequency regulation requirements, enhances power generation efficiency, and improves the economic viability of photovoltaic operations.
Identification of a new genetic variant (G231N, E232T, N235D) of peptidylarginine deiminase from P. gingivalis in advanced periodontitis
Authors: Bereta Grzegorz P. , Strzelec Karolina , Łazarz-Bartyzel Katarzyna , Dziedzic-Kowalska Agata , Nowakowska Zuzanna , Krutyhołowa Anna , Bielecka Ewa , Kantyka Tomasz , Grabiec Aleksander M. , Kaczmarzyk Tomasz , Chomyszyn-Gajewska Maria , Potempa Jan , Gawron Katarzyna
Published: March 2024

Chronic periodontitis (CP), an inflammatory disease of periodontal tissues driven by a dysbiotic subgingival bacterial biofilm, is also associated with several systemic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Porphyromonas gingivalis, one of the bacterial species implicated in CP as a keystone pathogen produces peptidyl arginine deiminase (PPAD) that citrullinates C-terminal arginine residues in proteins and peptides. Autoimmunity to citrullinated epitopes is crucial in RA, hence PPAD activity is considered a possible mechanistic link between CP and RA. Here we determined the PPAD enzymatic activity produced by clinical isolates of P. gingivalis, sequenced the ppad gene, and correlated the results with clinical determinants of CP in patients from whom the bacteria were isolated. The analysis revealed variations in PPAD activity and genetic diversity of the ppad gene in clinical P. gingivalis isolates. Interestingly, the severity of CP was correlated with a higher level of PPAD activity that was associated with the presence of a triple mutation (G231N, E232T, N235D) in PPAD in comparison to W83 and ATCC 33277 type strains. The relation between mutations and enhanced activity was verified by directed mutagenesis which showed that all three amino acid residue substitutions must be introduced into PPAD expressed by the type strains to obtain the super-active enzyme. Cumulatively, these results may lead to the development of novel prognostic tools to assess the progress of CP in the context of associated RA by analyzing the ppad genotype in CP patients infected with P. gingivalis.
FCFormer: fish density estimation and counting in recirculating aquaculture system
Authors: Zhu Kaijie , Yang Xinting , Yang Caiwei , Fu Tingting , Ma Pingchuan , Hu Weichen
Published: March 2024

In intelligent feeding recirculating aquaculture system, accurately estimating fish population and density is pivotal for management practices and survival rate assessments. However, challenges arise due to mutual occlusion among fish, rapid movement, and complex breeding environments. Traditional object detection methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) often fall short in fully addressing the detection demands for fish schools, especially for distant and small targets. In this regard, we introduce a detection framework dubbed FCFormer (Fish Count Transformer). Specifically, the Twins-SVT backbone network is employed first to extract global features of fish schools. To further enhance feature extraction, especially in the fusion of features at different levels, a Bi-FPN aggregation network model with a CAM Count module is incorporated (BiCC). The CAM module aids in focusing more on critical region features, thus rendering feature fusion more cohesive and effective. Furthermore, to precisely predict density maps and elevate the accuracy of fish counting, we devised an adaptive feature fusion regression head: CRMHead. This approach not only optimizes the feature fusion process but also ensures superior counting precision. Experimental results shown that the proposed FCFormer network achieves an accuracy of 97.06%, with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 6.37 and a root mean square error (MSE) of 8.69. Compared to the Twins transformer, there's a 2.02% improvement, outperforming other transformer-based architectures like CCTrans and DM_Count. The presented FCFormer algorithm can be effectively applied to fish density detection in intelligent feeding recirculating aquaculture system, offering valuable input for the development of intelligent breeding management systems.
In situ hydrodynamic observations on three reef flats in the Nansha Islands, South China Sea
Authors: Li Jin , Wang Ya Ping , Gao Shu
Published: March 2024

Waves and currents are responsible for sediment movement around and off coral reefs, affecting reef growth at both geological and modern timescales. Given the wide distribution and limited hydrodynamic information of reefs in the South China Sea, we carried out observations on tidal-cycle hydrodynamics in the Nansha Islands with tripod stationary instruments on the seafloor in order to fill the gap in our understanding of these processes. It was found that the magnitudes of near-bed orbital velocity were comparable with that of the mean tidal current, despite generally calm wave conditions. Waves dominated the combined wave-current skin-friction shear velocities acting on reef sediment, which were significantly higher than those generated by currents alone. Due to the large physical roughness of reef, drag coefficient and hydrodynamic roughness length estimated from logarithmic velocity profiles were two orders of magnitude higher than that in macro-tidal-estuary or inner shelf areas covered with siliceous muds or sands. The combined sinusoidal wave and asymmetric tidal current, along with the physical reef roughness, shaped velocity profile structures in the bottom boundary layer, which exhibited a logarithmic profile during the flood tide and a potential flow during the ebb. In absence of wave breaking, strong turbulence dissipation was observed across the rough reef, promoting strong mixing of water, which is crucial for delivering nutrients for coral growth. These findings imply the need to consider the unique characteristics of rough reef structure and combined effects of waves and currents to model the hydrodynamics in reef environment correctly. This understanding is critical for predicting energy and material transport in reef environments, which is essential for maintaining healthy coral ecosystems, and opens new paths for managing and preserving coral reefs in the face of environmental change.
Evaluating the efficacy of a standardized 4 mL/kg fluid bolus technique in critically ill patients with elevated PvaCO2: secondary analysis of two prospective studies
Authors: Attou Rachid , Du Thierry , Velissaris Dimitrios , Redant Sebastien , Talpoș Mircea T. , Pierrakos Charalampos
Published: March 2024

Background

Limiting the fluid bolus (FB) volume may attenuate side effects, including hemodilution and increased filling pressures, but it may also reduce hemodynamic responsiveness. The minimum volume to create hemodynamic effects is considered to be 4 mL/kg. In critically ill patients, the hemodynamic effects of FB with this volume have not been adequately investigated and compared to higher quantities. We hypothesized that a standardized FB approach using 4 mL/kg has comparable hemodynamic and metabolic effects to the common practice of physician-determined FB in critically ill patients.

Methods

We conducted post hoc analysis of two trials in non-selected critically ill patients with central venous-to-arterial CO2 tension (PvaCO2) >6 mmHg and no acute bleeding. All patients received crystalloids either at a physician-determined volume and rate or at 4 mL/kg pump-administered at 1.2 L/h. Cardiac index (CI) was calculated with transthoracic echocardiogram, and arterial and venous blood gas samples were assessed before and after FB. Endpoints were changes in CI and oxygen delivery (DO2) >15%.

Results

A total of 47 patients were eligible for the study, 15 of whom received physician-determined FB and 32 of whom received standardized FB. Patients in the physician-determined FB group received 16 (12–19) mL/kg at a fluid rate of 1.5 (1.5–1.9) L/h, compared to 4.1 (3.7–4.4) mL/kg at a fluid rate of 1.2 (1.2–1.2) L/h (p < 0.01) in the standardized FB group. The difference in CI elevations between the two groups was not statistically significant (8.8% [−0.1–19.9%] vs. 8.4% [0.3–23.2%], p = 0.76). Compared to physician-determined FB, the standardized FB technique had similar probabilities of increasing CI or DO2 by >15% (odds ratios: 1.3 [95% CI: 0.37–5.18], p = 0.66 and 1.83 [95% CI: 0.49–7.85], p = 0.38).

Conclusion

A standardized FB protocol (4 mL/kg at 1.2 L/h) effectively reduced the volume of fluid administered to critically ill patients without compromising hemodynamic or metabolic effects.
Designing Chinese hospital emergency departments to leverage artificial intelligence—a systematic literature review on the challenges and opportunities
Authors: Tan Sijie , Mills Grant
Published: March 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has witnessed rapid advances in the healthcare domain in recent years, especially in the emergency field, where AI is likely to radically reshape medical service delivery. Although AI has substantial potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy and operational efficiency in hospitals, research on its applications in Emergency Department building design remains relatively scarce. Therefore, this study aims to investigate Emergency Department facility design by identifying the challenges and opportunities of using AI. Two systematic literature reviews are combined, one in AI and the other in sensors, to explore their potential application to support decision-making, resource optimisation and patient monitoring. These reviews have then informed a discussion on integrating AI sensors in contemporary Emergency Department designs for use in China to support the evidence base on resuscitation units, emergency operating rooms and Emergency Department Intensive Care Unit (ED-ICU) design. We hope to inform the strategic implementation of AI sensors and how they might transform Emergency Department design to support medical staff and enhance the patient experience.
The white matter characteristic of the genu of corpus callosum coupled with pain intensity and negative emotion scores in patients with trigeminal neuralgia: a multivariate analysis
Authors: Sun Baijintao , Zhang Chuan , Huang Kai , Bhetuwal Anup , Yang Xuezhao , Jing Chuan , Li Hongjian , Lu Hongyu , Zhang Qingwei , Yang Hanfeng
Published: March 2024

Background

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a chronic neuropathic pain disorder that not only causes intense pain but also affects the psychological health of patients. Since TN pain intensity and negative emotion may be grounded in our own pain experiences, they exhibit huge inter-individual differences. This study investigates the effect of inter-individual differences in pain intensity and negative emotion on brain structure in patients with TN and the possible pathophysiology mechanism underlying this disease.

Methods

T1 weighted magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging scans were obtained in 46 patients with TN and 35 healthy controls. All patients with TN underwent pain-related and emotion-related questionnaires. Voxel-based morphometry and regional white matter diffusion property analysis were used to investigate whole brain grey and white matter quantitatively. Innovatively employing partial least squares correlation analysis to explore the relationship among pain intensity, negative emotion and brain microstructure in patients with TN.

Results

Significant difference in white matter integrity were identified in patients with TN compared to the healthy controls group; The most correlation brain region in the partial least squares correlation analysis was the genus of the corpus callosum, which was negatively associated with both pain intensity and negative emotion.

Conclusion

The genu of corpus callosum plays an important role in the cognition of pain perception, the generation and conduction of negative emotions in patients with TN. These findings may deepen our understanding of the pathophysiology of TN.
A comprehensive review of the role of bone marrow biopsy and PET-CT in the evaluation of bone marrow involvement in adults newly diagnosed with DLBCL
Authors: Alyamany Ruah , El Fakih Riad , Alnughmush Ahmed , Albabtain Abdulwahab , Kharfan-Dabaja Mohamed A. , Aljurf Mahmoud
Published: March 2024

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is one of the most prevalent subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and is known for commonly infiltrating extra-nodal sites. The involvement of the bone marrow by lymphoma cells significantly impacts the staging, treatment, and prognosis among the extra-nodal sites in DLBCL. Bone marrow biopsy has been considered the standard diagnostic procedure for detecting bone marrow involvement. However, advancements in imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT), have shown an improved ability to detect bone marrow involvement, making the need for bone marrow biopsy debatable. This review aims to emphasize the importance of bone marrow evaluation in adult patients newly diagnosed with DLBCL and suggest an optimal diagnostic approach to identify bone marrow involvement in these patients.
Associations of reproductive breast cancer risk factors with expression of stem cell markers in benign breast tissue
Authors: Yaghjyan Lusine , Heng Yujing J. , Baker Gabrielle M. , Bret-Mounet Vanessa C. , Murthy Divya , Mahoney Matt B. , Rosner Bernard , Tamimi Rulla M.
Published: March 2024

Background

We investigated the associations of reproductive factors known to influence breast cancer risk with the expression of breast stem cell markers CD44, CD24, and ALDH1A1 in benign breast biopsy samples.

Methods

We included 439 cancer-free women with biopsy-confirmed benign breast disease within the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and NHSII. The data on reproductive and other breast cancer risk factors were obtained from biennial questionnaires. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on tissue microarrays. For each core, the IHC expression was assessed using a semi-automated platform and expressed as % of cells that stained positive for a specific marker out of the total cell count. Generalized linear regression was used to examine the associations of reproductive factors with a log-transformed expression of each marker (in epithelium and stroma), adjusted for other breast cancer risk factors.

Results

In multivariate analysis, the time between menarche and age at first birth was inversely associated with CD44 in epithelium (β per 5 years = −0.38, 95% CI −0.69; −0.06). Age at first birth and the time between menarche and age at first birth were inversely associated with ALDH1A1 (stroma: β per 5 years = −0.43, 95% CI −0.76; −0.10 and β = −0.47, 95% CI −0.79; −0.15, respectively; epithelium: β = −0.15, 95% CI −0.30; −0.01 and β = −0.17, 95% CI −0.30; −0.03, respectively). Time since last pregnancy was inversely associated with stromal ALDH1A1 (β per 5 years = −0.55, 95% CI −0.98; −0.11). No associations were found for CD24. The observed associations were similar in premenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, lifetime duration of breastfeeding was inversely associated with stromal ALDH1A1 expression (β for ≥24 vs. 0 to <1 months = −2.24, 95% CI 3.96; −0.51, p-trend = 0.01).

Conclusion

Early-life reproductive factors may influence CD44 and ALDH1A1 expression in benign breast tissue.
The causal relationship between psoriasis and cancers: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Long Jiaye , Yang Miyang , Pang Yingrong , Kang Hongyan , Liang Shuai , Wang Du
Published: March 2024

Background

Although observational studies suggest a correlation between psoriasis (PS) and cancers, it is still unknown whether this association can replace causal relationships due to the limitations of observational studies. Therefore, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the causal relationship between PS and cancers.

Methods

PS genetic summary data were obtained from two genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We employed MR Base for individuals retrieving tumors from distinct locations. Inverse-variance weighted analysis was the principal method used for MR, supplemented by weighted median, MR Egger, simple mode, and weighted mode. To investigate the possible link between psoriasis and cancers, we performed two independent two-sample MR studies and a meta-analysis based on two independent MR analyses.

Results

Two independent MR analyses both found no significant causal relationship between PS and overall cancers (OR=1.0000, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.9999-1.0001, P=0.984; OR=1.0000, 95% CI:0.9999-1.0001, P=0.761), and no significant causal relationship with 17 site-specific cancers. In the meta-analysis conducted by two two-sample MR analyses, there was no significant causal relationship between PS and overall cancers (OR=1.0000, 95% CI: 0.9999-1.0001, P=1.00, I2 = 0.0%), and there was no significant causal relationship with 17 site-specific cancers.

Conclusions

Our findings do not support a genetic link between PS and cancers. More population-based and experimental investigations will be required better to understand the complicated relationship between PS and cancers.
Construction and validation of log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS)-based nomograms for predicting overall survival and cancer-specific survival in ovarian clear cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Liu Zesi , Jing Chunli , Hooblal Yashi Manisha , Yang Hongxia , Chen Ziyu , Kong Fandou
Published: March 2024

Background

Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is one of the special histologic subtypes of ovarian cancer. This study aimed to construct and validate log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS)-based nomograms for predicting the overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with OCCC.

Methods

Patients who underwent surgical treatment between 2010 and 2016 were extracted from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database and the data of OCCC patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University were used as the external validation group to test the validity of the prognostic model. The best-fitting models were selected by stepwise Cox regression analysis. Survival probability was calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method, and the differences in survival time between subgroups were compared using the log-rank test. Each nomogram’s performance was assessed by the calibration plots, decision curve analysis (DCA), and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves.

Results

T stage, distant metastasis, marital status, and LODDS were identified as significant risk factors for OS. A model with four risk factors (age, T stage, stage, and LODDS value) was obtained for CSS. Nomograms were constructed by incorporating the prognostic factors to predict 1-, 3- and 5-year OS and CSS for OCCC patients, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) range of our nomogram model for OS and CSS prediction ranged from 0.738-0.771 and 0.769-0.794, respectively, in the training cohort. The performance of this model was verified in the internal and external validation cohorts. Calibration plots illustrated nomograms have good prognostic reliability.

Conclusion

Predictive nomograms were constructed and validated to evaluate the OS and CSS of OCCC patients. These nomograms may provide valuable prognostic information and guide postoperative personalized care in OCCC.
Interfering with reconsolidation by rimonabant results in blockade of heroin-associated memory
Authors: Lin Jiang , Peng Yilin , Zhang Jinlong , Cheng Junzhe , Chen Qianqian , Wang Binbin , Liu Yuhang , Niu Shuliang , Yan Jie
Published: March 2024

Drug-associated pathological memory remains a critical factor contributing to the persistence of substance use disorder. Pharmacological amnestic manipulation to interfere with drug memory reconsolidation has shown promise for the prevention of relapse. In a rat heroin self-administration model, we examined the impact of rimonabant, a selective cannabinoid receptor indirect agonist, on the reconsolidation process of heroin-associated memory. The study showed that immediately administering rimonabant after conditioned stimuli (CS) exposure reduced the cue- and herion + cue-induced heroin-seeking behavior. The inhibitory effects lasted for a minimum of 28 days. The effect of Rimonabant on reduced drug-seeking was not shown when treated without CS exposure or 6 hours after CS exposure. These results demonstrate a disruptive role of rimonabant on the reconsolidation of heroin-associated memory and the therapeutic potential in relapse control concerning substance use disorder.
Efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine versus angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and their combinations in the treatment of IgA nephropathy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Sijia , Jiang Yuhua , Qian Linlin , Wang Meng , Xu Shijie , Wang Guowei
Published: March 2024

Background:

IgA nephropathy (IgAN), a condition posing a significant threat to public health, currently lacks a specific treatment protocol. Research has underscored the potential benefits of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treating IgAN. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of various intervention strategies, such as combining TCM with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), lacks a comprehensive systematic comparison. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a network meta-analysis to assess the clinical efficacy of ACEIs, ARBs, TCM, and their combinations in treating IgAN to offer novel insights and approaches for the clinical management of IgAN.

Methods:

A systematic review conducted until November 2023 included relevant literature from databases such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, CNKI, and Wanfang. Two independent researchers screened and assessed the data for quality. Network and traditional meta-analyses were performed using Stata 18.0 and RevMan 5.3 software, respectively. Outcome measures included 24-h urinary protein quantification (24 hpro), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and adverse event incidence rates (ADRs). Forest plots, cumulative ranking probability curves (SUCRA), and funnel plots generated using Stata 18.0 facilitated a comprehensive analysis of intervention strategies’ efficacy and safety.

Results:

This study included 72 randomized controlled trials, seven interventions, and 7,030 patients. Comparative analysis revealed that ACEI + TCM, ARB + TCM combination therapy, and TCM monotherapy significantly reduced the levels of 24 hpro, eGFR, Scr, and BUN compared to other treatment modalities (p < 0.05). TCM monotherapy demonstrated the most favorable efficacy in reducing eGFR levels (SUCRAs: 78%), whereas the combination of ARB + TCM reduced Scr, 24 hpro, and BUN levels (SUCRAs: 85.7%, 95.2%, and 87.6%, respectively), suggesting that ARB + TCM may represent the optimal intervention strategy. No statistically significant differences were observed among the various treatment strategies in terms of ADR (p > 0.05).

Conclusion:

The combination of ACEI or ARB with TCM demonstrated superior efficacy compared to ACEI/ARB monotherapy in the treatment of IgAN without any significant ADRs. Therefore, combination therapies can be used to enhance therapeutic outcomes based on individual patient circumstances, highlighting the use of TCM as a widely applicable approach in clinical practice.

Systematic Review Registration:

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42023476674.