REDUCING THE DANGER OF WASTE DISPOSAL TO FILTERING STATIONS
Authors: Babadzhanova O. , Voytovych D. , Lavrivskiy M. 
Published: October 2019

Formulation of the problem.

In recent years there has been a decline in the quality of water, both surface and underground sources, involved in the system of centralized water supply. The majority of river basins according to the hygienic classification of water objects according to the degree of pollution can be attributed to contaminated and highly contaminated.This causes the need to increase the role of water treatment facilities and the need to find ways to improve the efficiency of cleaning polluted water. For water purification, mechanical, chemical, physical and biological methods of treatment are used.Among the chemical methods of water treatment, now the most application is the method of chlorination. The main disadvantage of using liquefied chlorine for chlorination is the increased risk of poisoning of the staff of the water treatment plants and in the case of an accident – inhabitants adjacent to these stations of settlements.Presenting main material.Business facilities that use hazardous chemicals (such as chlorine) are potential sources of man-made hazard. Companies that carry out chlorination of water, carry additional costs for object protection, an automated notification system, equipment for the elimination of emissions, special ventilation systems, special systems for storing and neutralizing damaged containers with chlorine.Recently, various modern methods of decontamination have been used to decontaminate drinking water and to reduce the risk. The use of sodium hypochlorite as a disinfectant reagent, which is obtained at the site of application by electrolysis of sodium chloride solutions, is one of the most promising methods of decontamination. While retaining all the benefits of chlorination with the use of liquid chlorine, the use of electrolytic sodium hypochlorite avoids the basic complexity associated with the transportation and storage of toxic gas, in addition, to eliminate the constant dependence on the plants supplying liquid chlorine.The analysis of hazards and accidents statistics at water treatment enterprises showed that the greatest percentage of emergency situations occurs during the loading / unloading operations of the substance-cleaner, therefore it is expedient to obtain sodium hypochlorite at the place of use.In order to substantiate the possibility and promise of a more safe method of water purification from the point of view of the technogenic hazard of a method of purification of water, a certain treatment station – «Artemivsk filtering station», located on the outskirts of the city of Bakhmut, was selected.It has been estimated that the depressurization of the chlorine container at the «Artemivsk filtration station» can create a 4.8 km depth zone that will cover part of the city, and if the sodium hypochlorite is applied to the filter station, the depth of the chemical pollution zone decreases to 0.2 km.Conclusions.Safe operation of chemical hazardous objects, which are filtering stations, can be provided under normal and emergency conditions by alternative, safer, disinfection water reagents. While retaining all the benefits of chlorination with the use of liquid chlorine, the use of electrolytic sodium hypochlorite avoids the basic complexity associated with the transport and storage of toxic gas and reduce the danger to the population.

Water purification with sodium hypochlorite instead of chlorine has the following advantages: safe storage and transportation, ease of dispensing, long-term disinfection effect, an absence of a threat of a technogenic accident and the exclusion of negative impact on the health of the city's residents.