bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marginalisasi Profesi Dukun Bayi dalam Puisi “Nini­Nini Dukun Bayi” Karya Iman Budhi Santosa
Authors: Prabowo Dhanu Priyo
Published: April 2017

Tujuan kajian ini adalah mengungkapkan (1) makna referensial puisi “Nini-­Nini Dukun Bayi”; (2) ungramatikalitas, makna simbolik, dan pasangan oposisi puisi tersebut. Kajian ini menggunakan teori semiotik­struktural Riffaterre. Metode yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian adalah telaah kepustakaan. Sifat puisi mengungkapkan sesuatu dengan tidak langsung karena puisi mempunyai dua lapis makna (makna referensial dan makna semiotik). Dari analisis data ditemukan (1) makna referensial puisi “Nini­-Nini Dukun Bayi” yang mengungkapkan terpinggirnya profesi dukun bayi oleh bidan; (2) ungramatikalitas, makna simbolik, dan pasangan oposisi puisi “Nini­Nini Dukun Bayi” dalam persoalan kemodernan dan ketradisionalan.

Abstract:

This research aims to reveal (1) referential meaning of a poem entitled “Nini­-Nini Dukun Bayi”; (2) ungrammaticality, symbolic meaning, and opposition pairs of the poem. Semiotic­ structural theory of Riffaterre and library research method are conducted in this research. Poetry has an indirect expression with two layers meaning (referential and semiotic). The analysis shows (1) referential meaning of “Nini-­Nini Dukun Bayi” poem that illustrates marginalization of dukun bayi ‘traditional midwife’ by bidan ‘midwife; (2) ungrammaticality, symbolic meaning, and opposition pairs of “Nini­Nini Dukun Bayi” in modernity and traditional matters.

Key Words: semiotic, marginal, traditional, modern, nini dukun bayi
Sketsa Karya Ari Nur Utami: Arsitektur Urban dalam Perspektif Ekokritisisme
Authors: Rosyidah Usma Nur Dian
Published: April 2017

Kota adalah ruang kompleks bagi siapa pun yang berada di dalamnya. Saat ini, penghuni ruang kota terancam oleh menurunnya kualitas ekologis kota akibat pembangunan gedung, berbagai fasilitas. dan infrastruktur kota yang masif. Salah satu novel yang memotret eksploitasi ekologi kota tersebut adalah Sketsa karya Ari Nur Utami. Sebagai novel berlatar belakang arsitektur, Sketsa menceritakan pembangunan gedung di Jakarta oleh pengembang bernama PT Semesta Sentosa. Menggunakan teori ekokritisisme, fokus diskusi dalam artikel ini adalah cara penulis memasukkan nilai dan asumsi ekokritik dalam arsitektur urban di novel Sketsa. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan dominasi pandangan antroposentris individu terhadap alam. Melalui metode kualitatif­deskriptif dengan melakukan close­reading, hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa pembangunan di Jakarta dengan berbagai proyek arsitektur urbannya masih mengabaikan kelestarian lingkungan. Ketidakpedulian terhadap lingkungan ini dapat dilihat dari orientasi etis dan linguistik antroposentris yang dipilih demi mendapatkan keuntungan besar dalam bisnis properti di Jakarta.

Abstract:

City is a space that contains complexities for anyone being part of it. Nowadays, people are threatened by the ecologically degrading city as the result of the massive development of buildings and other city’s facilities and infrastructures. A novel portraying the issues of ecological exploitation is Ari Nur Utami’s Sketsa. Being claimed as an architectural background novel, Sketsa portrays the development of buildings in Jakarta by a property developer named PT Semesta Sentosa. By applying ecocriticism theory, one point discussed in this article is how the author imputes certain ecocritical values and assumptions in presenting the urban architecture in Sketsa. The objective of this research is to elaborate the domination of anthropocentric perspective over nature. Through the qualitative­descriptive method, it is found that the development of Jakarta as an urban space is still far from ecocritical considerations. This can be seen from ethical orientation and anthropocentric linguistic chosen for the benefits of property business in Jakarta.

Key Words: urban; architecture; ecocriticism
Perempuan dengan Segala Luka dalam Kumpulan Cerpen Suatu Hari Bukan di Hari Minggu
Authors: Wahyuni Dessy
Published: April 2017

Empat belas cerpen Yetti A. Ka yang terangkum dalam Satu Hari Bukan di Hari Minggu menghadirkan realita perempuan yang terluka dan kecewa meskipun mereka hidup secara bebas. Oleh sebab itu, masalah penulisan ini adalah bagaimana bentuk penggambaran Yetti A. Ka mengenai para perempuan dan segala luka yang mereka miliki dalam kumpulan cerpen tersebut? Melalui pendekatan feminisme, dapat disimpulkan bahwa perempuan yang disajikan pengarang ini sesungguhnya merasa terikat oleh budaya patriarki. Akan tetapi, dengan segala kebebasan yang mereka miliki, mereka tetap memilih menjadi perempuan dalam lingkaran patriarki tersebut meskipun dengan membawa luka yang tidak pernah usai.

Abstract:

Yetti A. Ka’s fourteen short stories compiled in Suatu Hari Bukan di Hari Minggu collection represent the reality of women who were hurt and disappointed, although they had a free life. Therefore, the problem of this article is formulated as follows: how is the shape of Yetti A. Ka’s depiction on the women and all the injuries they have in the short story collection? Through the perspective of feminism, it can be concluded that the women presented by the author actually feel bound by a patriarchal culture. However, with all the freedom they have, they still choose to be a woman in a patriarchal circle, although with a wound that never ends.

Key Words: short story collection, the perspective of feminism, women's injury
A Prose Fiction Theory Of Javanese Literature Based on Folktales
Authors: Soedjijono Soedjijono , Susilo Edy
Published: April 2017

his study aims to build the theory of prose fiction of Javanese literature based on the study of folktale as a first step towards the development of the study of native literature. This study’s objects are ten pieces of folktale, consisting of 93 story’s episodes, which were published in Panjebar Semangat magazine between 2006-2010. This study uses structural­‐phenomenological-hermeneutic approach, by applying phenomenological reduction, eidetic reduction, and transcendental reduction. The results of phenomenological reduction are nine elements of the work: author, a title of the story, special object, language, setting, character, emotional event, plot, and idea. The results of eidetic reduction are opposition rule, internal relation rule, and external relation rule. The results of transcendental reduction are the values of holiness, truth, and kindness. his study aims to build the theory of prose fiction of Javanese literature based on the study of folktale as a first step towards the development of the study of native literature. This study’s objects are ten pieces of folktale, consisting of 93 story’s episodes, which were published in Panjebar Semangat magazine between 2006-2010. This study uses structural­‐phenomenological­‐hermeneutic approach, by applying phenomenological reduction, eidetic reduction, and transcendental reduction. The results of phenomenological reduction are nine elements of the work: author, a title of a story, special object, language, setting, character, emotional event, plot, and idea. The results of eidetic reduction are opposition rule, internal relation rule, and external relation rule. The results of transcendental reduction are the values of holiness, truth, and kindness.

Abstrak:

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun teori prosa fiksi sastra Jawa berbasis pada kajian cerita rakyat sebagai langkah pertama menuju pengembangan studi sastra kepribumian. Penelitian ini menggunakan objek kajian sepuluh buah cerita rakyat, terdiri atas 93 episode cerita, yang dimuat di majalah Panjebar Semangat antara tahun 2006-2010. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis struktura­‐fenomenologis-­hermeneutik, dengan menerapkan reduksi fenomenologis, reduksi eidetis, dan reduksi transendental. Hasil dari reduksi fenomenologis adalah sembilan unsur karya: pengarang, judul cerita, objek khusus, bahasa, latar cerita, tokoh cerita, peristiwa emosional, alur cerita, dan gagasan. Hasil dari reduksi eidetis adalah kaidah oposisi, kaidah relasi internal, dan kaidah relasi eksternal. Hasil dari reduksi transendental adalah nilai kekudusan, nilai kebenaran, dan nilai kebaikan.

Kata-Kata Kunci: teori prosa fiksi sastra Jawa; cerita rakyat; pendekatan struktural-fenomeno logis-hermeneutik
Struktur Naratif Cerita Rakyat Sumbawa Barat
Authors: Alaini Nining Nur
Published: April 2017

Oral literature will always change according to the dynamic of their community. Some oral literary works in Indonesia are extinct already due to not yet documented. Oral literature is, actually, a cultural treasure of Indonesia able to show the rich variety of cultures and values and the incredible creativity of their community. Change and the loss of a variety of oral literature mean the extinction or change of property contained in them. One form of Indonesian oral literature still enjoyed today is folklores of West Sumbawa. Therefore, this study aims to document the oral literature of West Sumbawa in the form of folklores. Furthermore, the folklores collected will be analyzed by using Vladimir Propp’s theory of narrative structure. The result shows that the folklores of West Sumbawa have fourteen actor functions. The fourteen functions can be distributed into five environmental actions. Oral literatures will always change according to the dynamic of their community. Some oral literary works in Indonesia are extinct already due to not yet documented. Oral literature is, actually, a cultural treasure of Indonesia able to show the rich variety of cultures and values and the incredible creativity of their community. Change and the loss of a variety of oral literature mean the extinction or change of property contained in them. One form of Indonesian oral literature still enjoyed today is folklores of West Sumbawa. Therefore, this study aims to document the oral literature of West Sumbawa in the form of folklores. Furthermore, the folklores collected will be analyzed by using Vladimir Propp’s theory of narrative structure. The result shows that the folklores of West Sumbawa have fourteen actor functions. The fourteen functions can be distributed into five environmental actions.

Key Words: oral literature; folklore; narrative structure

Abstrak:

Kehidupan sastra lisan akan selalu berubah sesuai dengan dinamika komunitas pemiliknya. Ada beberapa sastra lisan di Indonesia, yang telah hilang karena belum didokumentasikan, sedangkan sastra lisan adalah kekayaan budaya Indonesia yang kaya akan khazanah kearifan lokal dan merupakan kreativitas yang luar biasa dari komunitas pemiliknya. Perubahan dan hilangnya sastra lisan berarti punahnya kearifan lokal dan khazanah budaya yang terkandung di dalamnya. Salah satu bentuk sastra lisan Nusantara yang masih hidup hingga saat ini adalah cerita rakyat Sumbawa Barat. Cerita rakyat yang berhasil didokumentasikan dikaji struktur naratifnya berdasarkan pada struktur naratif yang dikemukakan oleh Vladimir Propp. Penelitian ini akan mendokumentasikan sastra lisandari Sumbawa Barat yang berwujud cerita rakyat. Dari hasil kajian yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa cerita rakyat Sumbawa Barat memiliki empat belas fungsi pelaku. Keempat belas fungsi pelaku tersebut dapat didistribusikan ke dalam lima lingkungan tindakan
Finding Feminist Literary Reading: Portrayals Of Women In The 1920s Indonesian Literary Writings
Authors: Arimbi Diah Ariani
Published: April 2017

Abstract:

Modern Indonesian literature can be said to be born around 1920s with the publication of modern Indonesian literary works by Balai Pustaka. Amongst the works published by Balai Pustaka in the 1920s ; there are most popular works namely Sitti Nurbaya (1922) ; Azab dan Sengsara(1927) and Salah Asuhan (1928) representing the tone of 1920s literary productions. This paper aims to look at images of women in those three works written by male authors ; using feminist literary criticism. By means of close reading technique; the study uses feminist literary criticism to examine and (re)examine the images of women portrayed in those three works. The finding shows that on one hand some women are still trapped with the shackle of patriarchy, but, on the other hand, some women are not simply passive victims of patriarchy: these women still attempt to escape from the patriarchal chain and cut out the patriarchal oppression.

Key Words: modern Indonesian literature; 1920s; Balai Pustaka; women; feminist literary criticism

Abstrak:

Sastra Indonesia modern dapat dikatakan lahir sekitar tahun1920-an dengan publikasi karya sastra Indonesia modern oleh Balai Pustaka. Di antara karya yang diterbitkan oleh Balai Pustaka pada tahun 1920-an; terdapat karya yang paling populer seperti Sitti Nurbaya (1922); Azab dan Sengsara (1927); dan Salah Asuhan (1928) yang mewakili suara produksi sastra tahun 1920-an. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk melihat potret perempuan dalam tiga karya yang ditulis oleh penulis laki-laki dengan menggunakan pendekatan kritik sastra feminis. Melalui teknik pembacaan yang mendalam (close reading technique); penelitian ini menggunakan kritik sastra feminis untuk menelaah potret perempuan dalam tiga karya tersebut. Temuan dalam tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa di satu sisi perempuan masih terbelenggu oleh patriarkat; tetapi di sisi lain perempuan bukanlah korban patriarkat yang pasif: perempuan tetap berupaya untuk keluar dari belenggu ini dan memutus rantai penindasan patriarkat melalui kebebasan dan otonomi personal.

Kata-Kata Kunci: sastra Indonesia modern; tahun 1920-an; Balai Pustaka; perempuan; kritiksastra feminis
Kepedulian Lingkungan Dalam Jamangilak Tak Pernah Menangis
Authors: Septiningsih Lustantini
Published: April 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan kepedulian lingkungan dalam novel Jamangilak Tak Pernah Menangis karya Martin Aleida. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif, yaitu penelitian dilakukan atas dasar fakta yang ada sehingga pemerian yang dikemukakan sesuai dengan fakta. Untuk mengetahui kepedulian terhadap lingkungan yang terdapat dalam novel Jamangilak Tak Pernah Menangis digunakan pendekatan sosiologi sastra, yaitu bentuk penelaahan sastra yang mempertimbangkan unsur sosial atau kemasyarakatan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepedulian yang dilakukan oleh tokoh Molek meliputi kepedulian terhadap sungai, kepedulian terhadap Danau Toba, dan kepedulian terhadap moral. Kepedulian Molek tersebut didasari oleh tidak adanya tindakan pemerintah dalam melihat daerah yang mengalami pendangkalan sungai serta adanya polusi air dan udara dari limbah pabrik bubur kayu. Kepeduliannya terhadap moral didasari oleh tanggung jawab Molek sebagai ibu yang selalu menanamkan ajaran agama dan nilai kehidupan yang berlaku dalam masyarakat dalam mendidik anaknya.

Abstract:

This research aims to describe environmental awareness in novel Jamangilak Tak Pernah Menangis by Martin Aleida. The method used in this research is descriptive method; the research was conducted based on fact so that the description presented was consistent with the fact. To identify the awareness on environmental issues in Jamangilak Tak Pernah Menangis, the researcher used the sociology of literature approach which is a form of literary study considering society factor. The result of this research shows careness which conducted by Molek’s figure includes careness of river, careness of lake Toba, and careness of moral. Those careness based on none of government’s action to views the area affected by river depth of air and water pollution from the industrial wood pulp. The careness of moral based on her responsibility as a mother who always instilled religion and the value of life which applicable in society in educating her child.

Key Words: concern; environment; nature factor; human factor
Perlawanan Terhadap Penjajahan dalam Puisi-Puisi Indonesia dan Korea
Authors: Fajar Yusri
Published: April 2017

Penjajahan di muka bumi, seperti yang dialami Indonesia dan Korea telah mengakibatkan kerugian materiil dan non materiil. Akibat-a­kibat dari kolonialisme ini mendapat respon puitik dari para penyair Indonesia dan Korea yang tidak hanya menulis puisi namun juga bersentuhan dengan gerakan perlawanan untuk menggapai kemerdekaan. Artikel ini membahas resistensi terhadap penjajahan sebagaimana tercermin dalam puisi-puisi para penyair Indonesia dan Korea. Untuk meneliti puisi-puisi tersebut konsep sastra bandingan digunakan dan dielaborasi bersama dengan teori kolonialisme. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah antologi puisi Korea yang berjudul Puisi buat Rakyat Indonesia (terjemahan Chung Yong Rim tahun 2013) dan antologi puisi Indonesia Aku ini Binatang Jalang karya Chairil Anwar cetakan tahun 2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengalaman ketika dijajah Jepang membuat para penyair kedua negara ini melahirkan puisi-puisi yang secara tematis menggambarkan berbagai akibat kolonialisme dan semangat antipenjajahan yang lahir sebagai bentuk perlawanan.

Abstract:

Colonization as experienced by Indonesia and Korea brought about impacts on infrastructure and people of both countries. Those effects triggered Indonesian and Korean poets to give poetical response. These poets not only wrote poems but also involved in the movement in gaining independence. This article discusses the resistance toward colonization as represented in the poems by Indonesian and Korean Poets. The concept of comparative literature and colonialism are employed in this research. Sources of the data in this research are taken from the anthology of Korean poems entitled Puisi buat Rakyat Indonesia (translated into Indonesian by Chung Yong Rim in 2013) and anthology of Indonesian poems by Chairil Anwar entitled Aku ini Binatang Jalang published in 2015. The result of the research shows that colonization in Indonesia and Korea inspired the poets from these two colonized countries to write poems that delineate the impacts of colonization and spirit of anti colonization as the foundation of the resistence.

Key Words: colonization, resistance, Indonesian and Korean poems
Problem Etnisitas India Dalam Cerita Pendek Malaysia
Authors: Anwar M. Shoim
Published: April 2017

Karya sastra adalah dokumen kemanusiaan dan kebudayaan. Kumpulan cerita pendek Menara 7 (1998), terutama enam cerpen yang ditulis oleh pengarang Malaysia beretnis India, memberi gambaran problem kehidupan etnis India di Malaysia. Dengan meminjam teori etnisitas sebagai landasan, tulisan ini bertujuan mengungkap problem etnisitas India di Malaysia. Problem etnis India terkait dengan kemiskinan, pendidikan, gender, religi, budaya, dan persatuan. Keberadaan etnis India di Malaysia secara historis merupakan bagian dari kolonialisme Inggris di masa lampau. Residu kolonialisme menciptakan jejak hitam kemanusiaan yang mendalam. Sebagai pendatang, tersirat ada ketegangan sosial-budaya yang dialami etnis India, tetapi bukan konflik. Problem etnis India dalam cerpen Malaysia adalah sarana untuk becermin bagi masyarakat dalam negara yang multietnis.

Abstract:

Literature is a document of humanity and culture. A collection of short stories Menara 7 (1998), especially five short stories written by Malaysian Indian, gives an overview of Indian ethnic problems in Malaysia. Using postcolonial theory as an anchor, their problems are poverty, education, gender, religion, culture, and unity. The existence Malaysian Indian was British colonial legacy. The leftover of colonialism deeply creates dark footprints of humanity. As a newcomer, it’s implied there was social-cultural tension, but not conflict, experienced by Malaysian Indian. The problems in Malaysia short stories are a tool of reflection in a multiethnic society.

Key Words: problem, ethnic, ethnicity, short story
Pengaruh Globalisasi Terhadap Perkembangan Kesusastraan Bali
Authors: Sukrawati Cokorda Istri
Published: April 2017

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh globalisasi terhadap budaya dan perkembangan sastra Bali dengan landasan teori globalisasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pustaka melalui langkah-­langkah, di antaranya observasi, menyimak, dan mencatat pada kartu data. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan bahwa budaya Bali sejak lama sudah bersentuhan dengan globalisasi. Potensi budaya dan kearifan lokal yang dimiliki masyarakat Bali dapat bersinergi dengan pengaruh globalisasi itu. Dalam bidang sastra khususnya, pengaruh globalisasi menunjukkan sesuatu yang positif. Semua itu dapat dibuktikan dengan semakin tingginya tingkat kreativitas dalam penciptaan karya sastra Bali, baik dalam bentuk tradisional maupun modern.

Abstract:

The paper aims to describe the effect of globalization toward the Balinese culture and literary development with the basic theory of globalization. The method used in this research is the literary method through some steps, including observes, observe, and noted on data cards. Data analysis uses qualitative of the descriptive method. Based on the result of the research it is found that Balinese culture has long been touched with globalization. The potency of culture and local genius of Balinese community can synergize with the effects of globalization. In the field of literature particularly, the effects of globalization mostly show something positive. All can be proved by the increasing creativity in creating literary works, both in traditional and modern forms.

Key Words: globalization; influence; culture; Balinese literature; creativity
The Application of Portfolios to Assess Progress in Writing of EFL Students at Secondary Schools in Banda Aceh
Authors: Eridafithri Eridafithri
Published: April 2017

Portfolios are one of the alternatives that can be used for writing assessment. Portfolios are not common in the curriculum. The lack of dissemination to language teachers have made portfolios disregarded. In order to encourage teachers to use portfolios for assessment of writing, they need to have adequate information about portfolios, how they can be used for assessment as well as the benefits of using them for assessment. This study discusses why teachers do not use portfolios for assessing writing done by senior high school students. It focuses on English teachers at Islamic senior high schools in Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar, and also looks at alternatives to help teachers use portfolios for assessment. The 26 teachers who participated in this study were given a questionnaire in order to find out their background knowledge related to portfolios and the difficulties they faced as teachers. Data from the questionnaire was supported by observations made by the researcher whilst monitoring their teaching. The results of this study showed that a large percentage of teachers found it difficult to design a rubric/set of instructions for using portfolios for writing assessment, whilst from the observation it was revealed that the complexities of correcting portfolios discouraged them from using portfolios as one of their means of assessment.
Students’ Learning Strategies for Developing Speaking Ability
Authors: A. Gani Sofyan , Fajrina Dian , Hanifa Rizaldy
Published: April 2017

This study was done to study the learning strategies used by both low and high performance speaking students in developing their speaking skills as well as the differences between the learning strategies used by both groups of learners. The reason for conducting this research was the fact that the competency of many students in speaking English was still considered unsatisfactory in Banda Aceh. We postulated that one aspect involved in the process of developing speaking skills was the learning strategies used by the learners. In this study, the data was collected through field research by means of documents, questionnaires, and interviews. The result of this study indicated that high performance speaking students had better balance in using all kinds of learning strategies (memory, cognitive, compensatory, metacognitive, affective, and social) for enhancing their speaking skills; the same could not be found with low performance speaking students. Besides, the high performance students employed more learning strategies consciously and appropriately compared to the low performance students. Based on the research results, it is suggested that students should be trained to be more aware of their own speaking learning strategies. They should use appropriate language learning strategies more consciously, purposefully, and frequently to be more successful in developing their speaking skills.
Attitudes of Acehnese People towards Acehnese Proverbs in Relation to Education
Authors: Nasir Chairina
Published: April 2017

This study is aimed at describing proverbs from the Acehnese society and explaining the attitudes of people towards those proverbs in relation to education. The methodology applied was ethnographic using a questionnaire to obtain data. A number of 14 respondents who varied across ages, educational background and occupations participated in this study. These respondents included three housewives, two university students, one fresh graduate, one junior high school and two senior high school students, one trader, two senior citizens, one teacher and one civil servant. Based on the findings, the attitude nowadays of the Acehnese has changed radically. Out of eight adults, only three were actively using proverbs in their daily lives and teaching their children those proverbs. All of the young people, who ranged from fourteen to twenty three years old, did not use proverbs. In relation to education, proverbs are used to teach the society about courtesy, advices (e.g. for choosing companions and friends in life, child rearing, socializing/conversing, and not to mind other people’s business), and shyness as part of faith. Furthermore, a significant language shift has occurred in Aceh which has impacted Acehnese oral literature whereby more parents today prefer Indonesian to be taught as their children’s first language (Alamsyah, et al., 2011). Consequently this has put the Acehnese proverbs under the threat of becoming extinct in their own society.
Exploring Teachers’ Beliefs and the Teaching Profession in Aceh
Authors: Ningsih Sri Rahayu Jumiati , Fata Ika Apriani
Published: April 2017

Formal teaching is an intentional activity that requires teachers to have beliefs and experiences. Teachers’ beliefs are defined by Johnson (1994) as something that is formed early in life as a result of a person’s education and experience. Strong beliefs about learning and teaching are well established by the time a student completes schooling. This study intends to find out the beliefs of teachers of English at junior and senior high schools in Aceh. The study surveyed three qualified teachers as participants (in which one is also a vice-principal of his school) and used 15 questions to ascertain their techniques, beliefs and career paths. The results show that teachers’ beliefs are related to the teaching methodologies that they use. According to the teachers’ beliefs, the teaching methodologies should be varied from time by time according to the situation and the curriculum. Besides, each participant has committed to a career in the teaching profession persistently despite facing many obstacles and challenges during teaching and learning. The participants dreamt of being teachers since they were children. The authors suggest other researchers might see applications of this research for studying the benefits and weaknesses of different teaching methodologies based on teachers’ beliefs.
Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition Technique for Improving Content and Organization in Writing
Authors: Mustafa Faisal , Samad Nanda Marlina Abdul
Published: April 2017

This study examines the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) technique for improving students’ English writing skills, specifically in content and organization when focused on writing recount texts. This experimental research used random sampling and random assignment to determine the control group (CG) and the experimental group (EG). Pre- tests, treatment or teaching and post-tests were done to both groups. The study was conducted with 60 second year students from a junior high school in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Students’ mean scores for the pre-test in the CG were 40.76 and 60.76 for the post-test, meanwhile students’ mean scores for the pre-test in the EG were 40 and 72.69 for the post-test. Thus, the t-test between both groups was 9.39 and the t-table was 2.056 which used 0.05 as the level of significance for this research. Because the t-test value was higher than the t-table (9.39 2.056), Ha was accepted and Ho was rejected. Therefore, the CIRC technique can improve the content and organization of students’ writing in doing recount texts. In addition, because students work in groups, they have more opportunity to learn and share their ideas with other students to produce better writing.
TIPOLOGI BANGUNAN KOLONIAL BELANDA DI SINGARAJA
Authors: Keling Gendro
Published: April 2017

Architecture is component of a city. The presence of architecture, both traditional and colonial architecture has a historical and archaeological values and can be regarded as an identity of a city. Unfortunately modernization often leaves no place for a historical  building that actually has an important role in the formation of characteristic of a place.  Its result conflicts  with "two side" between cultural heritage preservation activist with the destroyers of cultural heritage, which is the pick of capital. On the other hand, not least in the form of architectural heritage of Indo-European style building in Indonesia that offers various advantages in terms of engineering and the art of building. This paper objective is to identify the typology or the types of colonial architecture buildings in Singaraja and its characteristics. The method used is descriptive-analytical about the basic functions of grouping includes similarity type, form, structure and character of the building. Some of the existing architecture in Singaraja are Art Deco, Landhuis, and Gothic style. The typology of colonial buildings in Singaraja, are government buildings, homes, public building and others with a characteristic shape is relatively small, and very adaptive to the climate and natural conditions in Indonesia, especially Singaraja. Arsitektur merupakan salah satu komponen dari sebuah kota. Keberadaan arsitektur, baik arsitektur tradisional maupun kolonial memiliki nilai historis dan arkeologis dan dapat dianggap sebagai  identitas suatu kota. Sayangnya modernisasi seringkali tidak menyisakan tempat untuk bangunan tua atau bersejarah yang sebenarnya memiliki peran penting dalam pembentukan karakteristik suatu tempat. Akibatnya terjadi konflik “dua kubu” antara  pelestari warisan budaya dengan pihak perusak warisan budaya, terutama pemilik modal. Di lain pihak, tidak sedikit warisan arsitektural berupa bangunan bergaya indo-Eropa di Indonesia yang menawarkan berbagai keunggulan dalam hal teknik dan seni bangunan. Tujuan tulisan ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi tipologi atau tipe-tipe bangunan-bangunan peninggalan kolonial di Singaraja beserta karakteristik arsitekturnya. Metode yang digunakan deskriptif-analitis tentang fungsi dasar pengelompokkan meliputi kesamaan tipe, bentuk, struktur dan karakter bangunan. Beberapa arsitektur yang ada di Singaraja antara lain gaya Art Deco, Landhuis, dan Gothic. Secara umum tipologi bangunan kolonial di Singaraja antara lain, gedung pemerintahan, rumah tinggal, sarana umum  dan lain-lain dengan karakteristik bentuknya relatif kecil, dan sangat adaptif dengan iklim dan kondisi alam di Indonesia, khusunya Singaraja.
KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM PEMBANGUNAN KOMPLEKS CANDI GUNUNG KAWI
Authors: Gde Bagus A.A , Prihatmoko Hedwi
Published: April 2017

Gunung Kawi Temple is one of the most monumental archaeological remains in Bali originating from the 10th to 11th century. This study aims to determine the values of local wisdom of ancient Balinese society related to the construction and presence of Gunung Kawi Temple. Data were collected through literature study and observation. Analysis was conducted through qualitative approach using data integration and explanation based on theory. Explanation is presented in narrative text. The results of this study indicate that the construction using the concept of cliff temple is an adaptation in addressing the limitations of geography and material resources. This adaptation is a form of ancient Balinese society local wisdom. This local wisdom is also reflected on the environmental preservation value which is related to the function of Gunung Kawi Temple as a religious sacred building. Keywords: gunung kawi, cliff temple, local wisdom, adaptation, enviromental preservation. Kompleks Candi Gunung Kawi merupakan salah satu tinggalan arkeologi paling monumental di Bali yang berasal dari abad ke-10 sampai 11 Masehi. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilainilai kearifan lokal masyarakat Bali Kuno yang terkait dengan pembangunan dan keberadaan Kompleks Candi Gunung Kawi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan dan observasi. Analisis dilakukan melalui pendekatan kualitatif dengan pengintegrasian data dan memaparkan simpulan-simpulan berdasarkan teori. Pembahasan kemudian disajikan dalam bentuk teks naratif. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa pembangunan dengan konsep candi tebing merupakan bentuk adaptasi dalam menyikapi keterbatasan geografi dan sumber bahan baku. Adaptasi tersebut merupakan salah satu wujud kearifan lokal masyarakat Bali Kuno. Kearifan lokal tercermin juga dari nilai pelestarian lingkungan yang terkait dengan fungsi Kompleks Candi Gunung Kawi sebagai bangunan suci keagamaan.
Источники по истории суфийской обители Сейида Али Султана (г. Димотика, Греция)
Authors: Averyanov Yuri
Published: April 2017

This paper is devoted to one of renowned abdals (saints) who migrated to Balkan in the 14th century. It is Seyyid ‘Ali Sultan who was nicknamed Qyzyl-deli. The author reconstructed his life on the basis of the wide spectrum of written sources: historical chronicles, hagiography (particularly, «Vilayet-name-i Seyyid ‘Ali Sultan»), mystic hymns (nefes) and waqfs. According to the Bektashi tradition, Seyyid ‘Ali Sultan was the link between Haji Bektash and Balym Sultan who has been educated in his tekke. The author puts his figure between two mystical type: the doctrine of the early Sufi masters of Bektashiyya and «janissarian» Sufism of the 16th century. He also touches upon the issue of history of genesis of Sufi tekkes in the Balkan peninsula in the early centuries of the Ottoman conquest.
Изучение концепта Рийада в исламском мистицизме, основанное на мистических текстах
Authors: Zaker Mohammad Reza , Darvishi Farangis
Published: April 2017

This article is devoted to the concept of riyada (abstention from sleep and, food and carnal desires for restraint of carnal soul (nafs)). Riyada is connected with psychosomatic practice. This concept is the first step for gaining of cognition of God (ma‘rifa). Thus riyada attracted the attention of followers of practical and theoretical Sufism. This article examines this concept on the basis of renowned texts of Arabic and Iranian mystics: Abu Talib al-Makki, ‘Abd Allah al-Ansari, Ibn ‘Arabi, Sana’i, ‘Abd al-Ramhan Jami, Muhsin Fayz Kashani.
Священные горы и священные камни: предания о мусульманскихаулийа на Памире и их роль в создании сакральных пространств
Authors: Vasiltsev Konstantin
Published: April 2017

The article proposes an analysis of the cult of Isma‘ili saints ( awliya ) who have played a great and important role in the formation of sacred place ( mazars ) in Pamir. The author’s methodology based on the combination of results of field studies with the textual analysis. The Isma‘ili tradition of Badakhshan is called panjtani. Its followers practiced the worship of different natural objects. Folk tradition connected it with deeds of saints. These objects consider the places ( oston ) of the renowned imams. The stone worship plays an important role in their cult.
На путях к федеративным Георгиевским договорам 1783 и 1802 гг.: мусульманские общества и владения Дагестана в арабоязычной дипломатической переписке и соглашениях с Картли-Кахети и Российской империейXVIII в.
Authors: Bobrovnikov Vladimir , Kayaev Ilyas , Baderkhan Fasih , Khalikov Karimula
Published: April 2017

This selection of 15 diplomatic letters and agreements between Muslim khanates and village leagues of the East Caucasus, Georgia and imperial Russia sheds light on how a federative union under the Russian imperial protectorate formed in the region between the 1740s and the beginning of the nineteenth century. Documents were gathered in private and state archives, translated from Arabic into Russian, commented and introduced by Vladimir O. Bobrovnikov and Ilyas A. Kayaev with assistance of Karimulla G. Khalikov and Fasih Baderkhan.
ПРОГНОСТИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА СЛУЧАЙНЫХ ФЛУКТУАЦИЙ ГЕОФИЗИЧЕСКИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК
Authors: Любушин А.А.
Published: April 2017

В статье дается обзор методов прогноза землетрясений и оценки сейсмической опасности на основе новых подходов к анализу случайных флуктуаций геофизических характеристик. Рассматривается применение этих методов к прогнозу Великого восточно-японского землетрясения 11 марта 2011 г. и к оценке глобальной сейсмической опасности.
ПРИРОСТ СТВОЛОВОЙ ДРЕВЕСИНЫ ДУБА ЧЕРЕШЧАТОГО (QUERCUS ROBUR L.) В УСЛОВИЯХ ТЕХНОГЕННОГО ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ
Authors: Аминева К.З. , Уразгильдин Р.В. , Кулагин А.Ю.
Published: April 2017

Рассмотрены количественные данные о радиальном приросте стволовой древесины дуба черешчатого (Quercus robur L.) в условиях нефтехимического загрязнения в Башкирском Предуралье. Показано, что на границе ареала распространения дуб черешчатый становится более чувствительным к техногенному воздействию и климатическим изменениям, а при усилении степени загрязнения радиальный прирост достоверно снижается. В условиях техногенного загрязнения в онтогенезе дуба значительно сокращается виргинильный период, тогда как остальные онтогенетические периоды практически не изменяются. Радиальный прирост поздней древесины дуба полностью отражает динамику изменения общего радиального прироста; радиальный прирост ранней древесины для дуба является малоинформативным параметром. Поскольку дуб в Предуралье произрастает на границе ареала своего распространения, в динамичных условиях окружающей среды с критическими для него природно-климатическими и техногенными характеристиками, при лесовосстановлении и озеленении промышленных зон следует отказаться от широкого использования дуба черешчатого в пользу других древесных растений.
А.С. ФАМИНЦЫН И В.И. ВЕРНАДСКИЙ: СОВМЕСТНЫЙ ПРОЕКТ, ЕГО РЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ
Authors: Манойленко К.В.
Published: April 2017

Рассмотрена история создания Комиссии по изучению производительных сил России (КЕПС), ставшей ответом на Первую мировую войну. Раскрыты инициативы академиков А.С. Фаминцына и В.И. Вернадского по ее созданию. Показана нацеленность комиссии на развитие экономики страны, помощь фронту и тылу. Обоснована преемственность идей и методов организации КЕПС в годы Великой Отечественной войны.
IN VIVO – IN VITRO – IN SILICO В ЭКОЛОГИИ
Authors: Розенберг Г.С.
Published: April 2017

Обсуждается использование подхода in silico (компьютерного) в экологии для работы с эмпирико-статистическими, самоорганизующимися, имитационными и аналитическими моделями. Обсуждены особенности оценки адекватности математических моделей в экологии. Обоснован комплексный подход к моделированию («модельный штурм»).
ЛЕСНЫЕ ПОЖАРЫ, ВРЕДИТЕЛИ И БОЛЕЗНИ ЛЕСА: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И РЕШЕНИЯ
Authors: Селиховкин А.В. , Смирнов А.П.
Published: April 2017

В Российской Федерации площадь лесов, пройденных пожарами, ежегодно исчисляется миллионами гектар, а площадь очагов массового размножения вредителей и распространения болезней леса варьирует от 300 тыс. га до двух миллионов гектаров в год. Но официальная статистика не отражает реальную ситуацию. У арендаторов лесных территорий, как правило, нет мотивации к проведению профилактических противопожарных мероприятий. Не находящиеся в аренде леса являются обузой для большинства субъектов Федерации. Выполнение противопожарных мероприятий зачастую невозможно из-за недостатка средств в регионе. Отсутствие полноценного материального, кадрового и технического обеспечения не позволяет реализовать эффективное прогнозирование пожарной опасности в лесах, успешную профилактику возникновения очагов возгораний и нераспространения возникших пожаров, своевременное обнаружение очагов возгораний и их оперативную ликвидацию. В финансово обеспеченных регионах на первый план выходят организационные вопросы, но решения принимаются на основании субъективных оценок. На принятие решений и проведение мероприятий влияет низкая эффективность лесопатологического мониторинга. Следующий проблемный момент – неадекватность технологии проведения мероприятий по «борьбе» с вредителями и болезнями. В особенности это касается санитарных рубок, в первую очередь выборочных, вред от которых очевиден. Даже если их назначение является обоснованным, они проводятся с нарушениями технологии, нередко преследуют сугубо коммерческие цели, создают дополнительную кормовую базу для вредителей. Сплошные санитарные рубки, как правило, проводятся с опозданием. Принятые технологии не соответствуют задачам контроля популяций дендропатогенных организмов. Необходима нормативная база, отвечающая целям контроля лесных пожаров, плотности популяций вредителей и распространения болезней.
ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ РАБОТЫ В ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНОМ ОБРАЗОВАНИИ ДЕТЕЙ
Authors: Надпорожская М.А.
Published: April 2017

Проведен анализ организации дополнительного образования детей на примере деятельности объединения «Экология» при Доме детского творчества Петродворцового района Санкт-Петербурга с 2005 по 2015 г. Отмечены проблемы, возникающие при работе со школьниками в режиме свободного посещения занятий при современной перегруженности активных учащихся. Обсуждены вопросы вовлечения учащихся в исследовательские работы. Предложены вероятные способы проведения школьных исследовательских работ в условиях дефицита материальной базы, поясняется мотивация выбора тем исследований, возможности формирования рабочих групп с привлечением заинтересованных взрослых (учителей, родителей и специалистов).
ЭКОЛОГО-ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ МОНИТОРИНГ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ СОСНЫ ОБЫКНОВЕННОЙ (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.) В ТЕХНОГЕННОЙ СРЕДЕ
Authors: Сергейчик С.А.
Published: April 2017

Загрязнение атмосферного воздуха токсическими ингредиентами промышленных эмиссий в диапазоне концентраций «предельно допустимые – фоновые» является экологическим фактором нарушения физиолого-биохимического состояния ассимиляционного аппарата основной лесообразующей породы Беларуси – сосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris L.) до появления визуально различимых симптомов повреждения хвои. Под влиянием загрязнения воздуха в хвое сосны обнаружено уменьшение содержания пигментов фотосинтеза – хлорофилла и каротиноидов, увеличение активности пероксидазы и полифенолоксидазы, ингибирование первичных световых реакций фотосинтеза (реакция Хилла, циклическое и нециклическое фотофосфорилирование), уменьшение сопряженности тока электронов в электронно-транспортной цепи с фотофосфорилированием (P/2e–). Все это свидетельствует о снижении устойчивости сосновых фитоценозов в техногенной среде.
АМБРОЗИЯ ПОЛЫННОЛИСТНАЯ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ РОССИЙСКОГО ДАЛЬНЕГО ВОСТОКА
Authors: Есипенко Л.П. , Гожко А.А.
Published: April 2017

Вторжение нового вида часто связывают с экологическими причинами, забывая при этом о генетическом разнообразии вида в основе его способности быстро адаптироваться в новых условиях среды обитания. Адаптивные процессы популяции в антропогенно трансформированных условиях могут осуществляться в историческом масштабе времени за небольшое число поколений. Амброзия полыннолистная (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) – агрессивный сорняк из Северной Америки, пыльца которого аллергенна. Нами проведены палеополинологические исследования истории появления и распространения амброзии на Дальнем Востоке России, а также выявлены ее консортные связи. Полученные результаты могут быть полезными в построении модели популяционной динамики амброзии полыннолистной для разработки системы ее уничтожения.
СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ ВЗГЛЯД НА ТЕРМОБИОЛОГИЮ С ПОЗИЦИИ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ РЕПТИЛИЙ
Authors: Черлин В.А.
Published: April 2017

Описаны термобиологические особенности рептилий, влияющие на все стороны их жизнедеятельности. Приведены методологические новации: активность рептилий необходимо разделять на статусы (полную и неполную активности, неактивное состояние) и соответствующие им формы, а все данные должны собираться и обрабатываться отдельно по этим формам активности. Введен ряд новых понятий и описаны закономерности, не выявляющиеся в других вариантах исследований: стабилизация высокой температуры тела в эволюции позвоночных; наличие унифицированной системы термобиологических показателей, разделенных на термоэкологические и термофизиологические; наличие комплекса видоспецифичных, стабильных, неизменных популяционно, географически и сезонно термофизиологических характеристик гомеостаза. Основным механизмом индивидуальных термальных адаптаций рептилий является не пластичность термофизиологии, а стремление сохранить в неизменности термофизиологические показатели гомеостаза в любых условиях среды за счет поведенческой подстройки пространственно-временных структур суточной и сезонной активности. Описан комплекс элементарных терморегуляционных реакций в центральной нервной системе рептилий и составленные из них модели терморегуляции. По особенностям терморегуляции рептилии делятся на термонейтрально и термостабильно активных. Показано, что эволюционные изменения в видоспецифичных термофизиологических характеристиках рептилий вряд ли могут быть проявлениями адаптогенеза. Преимущественная направленность реализации принципа стабилизации высокой температуры тела в эволюции позвоночных у рептилий как высших эктотермов – энергетическая экономичность и эффективность, а у эндотермов – экологическая конкурентоспособность, являющаяся интегральным показателем общей приспособленности. Приведены общие положения парадигмы термобиологии рептилий.
ОПЫТ МОНИТОРИНГА СОСТОЯНИЯ ПРИРОДНОЙ СРЕДЫ ОСОБО ОХРАНЯЕМЫХ ПРИРОДНЫХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ СВЕРДЛОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
Authors: Большаков В.Н. , Кузнецова И.А.
Published: April 2017

В статье представлены результаты четырехлетнего мониторинга состояния природных комплексов особо охраняемых природных территорий Свердловской области (природные парки «Оленьи ручьи», «Река Чусовая», «Бажовские места», природно-минералогический заказник «Режевской»). В качестве биоиндикаторов использованы растительные сообщества, сообщества дереворазрушающих грибов, водных беспозвоночных, орнитокомплексы и индикаторная группа наземных беспозвоночных рыжие лесные муравьи. Проведен сравнительный анализ состояния природных комплексов на участках, подверженных значительной рекреационной нагрузке, и на условно ненарушенных участках территории, на основании чего определена степень антропогенного воздействия рекреации и разработаны рекомендации к дальнейшему безущербному развитию туристической деятельности.
ОТ МНОГОМЕРНЫХ ФАЗОВЫХ ПРОСТРАНСТВ К МНОГОМЕРНОСТИ ПРОСТРАНСТВА В ПРИРОДЕ
Authors: Жижин Г.В.
Published: April 2017

Статья представляет собой обзор исследований автора в многомерных фазовых и реальных пространствах с определением размерности молекул различных соединений.