bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autophagy Governs Protumorigenic Effects of Mitotic Slippage–induced Senescence
Authors: Jakhar Rekha , Luijten Monique N.H. , Wong Alex X.F. , Cheng Bing , Guo Ke , Neo Suat P. , Au Bijin , Kulkarni Madhura , Lim Kah J. , Maimaiti Jiamila , Chong Han C. , Lim Elaine H. , Tan Tee B.K. , Ong Kong W. , Sim Yirong , Wong Jill S.L. , Khoo James B.K. , Ho Juliana T.S. , Chua Boon T. , Sinha Indrajit , Wang Xiaomeng , Connolly John E. , Gunaratne Jayantha , Crasta Karen C.
Published: July 2018

The most commonly utilized class of chemotherapeutic agents administered as a first-line therapy are antimitotic drugs; however, their clinical success is often impeded by chemoresistance and disease relapse. Hence, a better understanding of the cellular pathways underlying escape from cell death is critical. Mitotic slippage describes the cellular process where cells exit antimitotic drug-enforced mitotic arrest and “slip” into interphase without proper chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. The current report explores the cell fate consequence following mitotic slippage and assesses a major outcome following treatment with many chemotherapies, therapy-induced senescence. It was found that cells postslippage entered senescence and could impart the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). SASP factor production elicited paracrine protumorigenic effects, such as migration, invasion, and vascularization. Both senescence and SASP factor development were found to be dependent on autophagy. Autophagy induction during mitotic slippage involved the autophagy activator AMPK and endoplasmic reticulum stress response protein PERK. Pharmacologic inhibition of autophagy or silencing of autophagy-related ATG5 led to a bypass of G1 arrest senescence, reduced SASP-associated paracrine tumorigenic effects, and increased DNA damage after S-phase entry with a concomitant increase in apoptosis. Consistent with this, the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine and microtubule-stabilizing drug paclitaxel synergistically inhibited tumor growth in mice. Sensitivity to this combinatorial treatment was dependent on p53 status, an important factor to consider before treatment.

Implications: Clinical regimens targeting senescence and SASP could provide a potential effective combinatorial strategy with antimitotic drugs. Mol Cancer Res; 16(11); 1625–40. ©2018 AACR.
SWI/SNF Complexes in Ovarian Cancer: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Fukumoto Takeshi , Magno Elizabeth , Zhang Rugang
Published: July 2018

Ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in the developed world. Despite the unprecedented progress in understanding the genetics of ovarian cancer, cures remain elusive due to a lack of insight into the mechanisms that can be targeted to develop new therapies. SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes are genetically altered in approximately 20% of all human cancers. SWI/SNF alterations vary in different histologic subtypes of ovarian cancer, with ARID1A mutation occurring in approximately 50% of ovarian clear cell carcinomas. Given the complexity and prevalence of SWI/SNF alterations, ovarian cancer represents a paradigm for investigating the molecular basis and exploring therapeutic strategies for SWI/SNF alterations. This review discusses the recent progress in understanding SWI/SNF alterations in ovarian cancer and specifically focuses on: (i) ARID1A mutation in endometriosis-associated clear cell and endometrioid histologic subtypes of ovarian cancer; (ii) SMARCA4 mutation in small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type; and (iii) amplification/upregulation of CARM1, a regulator of BAF155, in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Understanding the molecular underpinning of SWI/SNF alterations in different histologic subtypes of ovarian cancer will provide mechanistic insight into how these alterations contribute to ovarian cancer. Finally, the review discusses how these newly gained insights can be leveraged to develop urgently needed therapeutic strategies in a personalized manner.
Clock Drawing Test: A Simple Scoring System for the Accurate Screening of Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia
Authors: Rakusa Martin , Jensterle Joze , Mlakar Janez
Published: July 2018

Background/Aim: The Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is a valid alternative screening tool to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and, crucially, it may be completed faster. The aim of our study was to standardize and simplify the CDT scoring system for screening in three common conditions: mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mixed dementia (MD). Methods: We included 188 subjects (43 healthy volunteers, 49 patients with MCI, 54 patients with AD, and 42 patients with MD), who performed the MMSE and CDT. The CDT was evaluated using a modified 4-point scoring system. Results: The healthy subjects had the highest median values for the MMSE and CDT, followed by patients with MCI, AD and MD. The optimal cut-off for all patients and each patient group separately was 3 out of 4 points. Sensitivity was 89% for AD, 93% for MD and 83% for all patients, while specificity was 91%. The MMSE produced similar results. In comparison to the MMSE, sensitivity for MCI was significantly higher using the CDT (20 vs. 69%, respectively). Conclusion: A simple, 4-point scoring system may be used as a screening method for fast and accurate detection of cognitive impairment in patients with MCI, AD and MD.
Circulating LncRNA Serve as Fingerprint for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Associated with Risk of Macrosomia
Authors: Lu Jianfeng , Wu Jinbao , Zhao Ziyu , Wang Jinmei , Chen Zhong 
Published: July 2018

Background/Aims: Fetal macrosomia and its associated complications are the most frequent and serious morbidities for infants associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the lncRNAs involvement in GDM, especially for the prediction of risk for fetal overgrowth. Methods: The peripheral blood obtained from four group including healthy control (NC), healthy volunteers with pregnancy (NC-P), GDM patients with and without macrosomia were screened by lncRNA microarray and validated by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) arranged in the training and a two-stage validation sets. The positive and negative prediction ability for candidate lncRNAs were analyzed by risk score analysis. Results: A multiple venny analysis was performed revealed five candidate lncRNA including XLOC_014172, RP11-230G5.2, PCBP1-AS1, LOC149086 and RP11-160H22.5 which was consistence with the following parameter: i, increased in GDM patients with macrosomia (GDM-M) comparing with patients without macrosomia; ii, increased in GDM-M comparing with NC-P group; iii, increased in GDM-M comparing with NC. Further validation found XLOC_014172 and RP11-230G5.2 was final consistence with these parameter in 150 samples each group. Further receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, with the combined two stably expressed lncRNAs indicated a high diagnostic ability an area under ROC curve value (AUC) of 0.955 and 0.962 in training set and validation set respectively. Conclusions: Circulating XLOC_014172 and RP11-230G5.2 may act as novel biomarkers in GDM patients as fingerprint for the risk of macrosomia outcome.
Chlamydomonas schloesseri sp. nov. (Chlamydophyceae, Chlorophyta) revealed by morphology, autolysin cross experiments, and multiple gene analyses
Authors: PRÖSCHOLD THOMAS , DARIENKO TATYANA , KRIENITZ LOTHAR , COLEMAN ANNETTE W.
Published: July 2018

Chlamydomonas in the traditional sense is one of the largest green algal genera, comprising more than 500 described species. However, since the designation of the model organism C. reinhardtii as conserved type of this genus in 2007, only two species remained in Chlamydomonas. Investigations of three new strains isolated from soil samples, which were collected near Lake Nakuru (Kenya), demonstrated that the isolates represent a new species of Chlamydomonas. Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear SSU and ITS rDNA and plastid-coding rbcL sequences have clearly revealed that this species is closely related to C. reinhardtii and C. incerta. These results were confirmed by cross experiments of sporangium wall autolysins (VLE). All species belonged to the VLE group 1 sensu Schlösser. The comparison of the ITS-1 and ITS-2 secondary structures showed several compensatory base changes among the three species. In addition, the rbcL amino acid composition was also species-specific. The genus Chlamydomonas was phylogenetically closely related to the colonial families Goniaceae, Tetrabaenaceae and Volvocaceae. Chlamydomonas debaryana (VLE group 2) formed a separate clade among these colonial families of the Volvocales, a species of which autolysin dissolved the sporangium walls of the members of VLE group 1, suggesting its close relationship to Chlamydomonas. As consequence of our results, we propose Chlamydomonas schloesseri sp. nov. for the new Kenyan isolates. We also propose a new combination of C. debaryana to the newly erected genus Edaphochlamys.
A new species of Ledoyerella, L. kunensis sp. nov. (Amphipoda, Senticaudata, Kamakidae) from South West Africa
Authors: ZETTLER MICHAEL L. , MYERS ALAN
Published: July 2018

A new species of kamakid amphipod, Ledoyerella kunensis sp. nov., is described from waters off Namibia and Angola. This is the first record of this genus in the Atlantic. The taxon is fully described and figured and is compared with the other known species of the genus occurring in waters of the Indian and Pacific Ocean.
Skusella Freeman (Diptera: Chironomidae): new species, immature stages from Africa, Asia and Australia, and expanded distributions
Authors: CRANSTON PETER S. , TANG HONGQU
Published: July 2018

Skusella Freeman, 1961 (Diptera: Chironomidae, Chironominae), known previously from adults from Australia and Africa, is revised with extended descriptions, including for immature life stages. Skusella is diagnosed based on its type species S. subvittata (Skuse, 1889) from Australia, S. pallidipes (Kieffer, 1921) from the Afrotropical region (the only other originally included species), a second African species S. freemani Harrison, 2002, and S. silingae Tang, sp. n., newly described here from the pupa and adult males from China. The immature stages of Skusella have been known informally for several decades, notably for a characteristic fringe of setae on one or more abdominal pleurae of the pupa, shared only with newly described Paraskusella Cranston, 2018 within the Chironominae. Amongst larvae of Chironomini with 6-segmented antenna, alternate Lauterborn organs and a well-demarcated ventromentum, those of Skusella are distinguishable only with caution due to insufficient reared associations. Unassociated pupal exuviae, tentatively belonging to three unknown new species, are described informally from China, as is a larval type from Africa. Range extensions include for S. freemani, with pupae (newly described here) from Nigeria and Cameroon, at least 5000 km from the type locality in South Africa. A wider distribution of S. subvittata in Australia and Asia is revealed by extensive pupal exuviae sampled from drift.
New deltochiline (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) taxa associated with hyrax dung in arid south western Namibia
Authors: DESCHODT CHRISTIAN M. , DAVIS ADRIAN L.V.
Published: July 2018

A survey of rock hyrax dung middens along the arid escarpment of southwest Namibia has filled a gap in the range shown by members of the Byrrhidium group of flightless dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) belonging to the tribe Deltochilini. The survey discovered a new genus and species, Ausmontins jacobsi new genus and species, and a further four new species in two previously described genera, Namakwanus kamfferi new species, Namakwanus minutus new species, Namaphilus nubibmontanus new species and Namaphilus tirasmontanus new species. They are described and illustrated in the present paper. This addition of new taxa raises the total complement of the Byrrhidium group to seven genera and 19 species. An updated key to all the known species is also provided. It is probable that further taxa await discovery.
A survey of Agromyzidae (Diptera) reared from leafmines on Long Island, New York; host associations, distribution data, and the description and host association of a new species
Authors: SCHEFFER SONJA J , LONSDALE OWEN
Published: July 2018

Leafmining Agromyzidae (Diptera) are both common and widespread, yet little is known of the host associations and distribution of most species. Here we report on a multi-year study of agromyzid diversity on Long Island, New York. We reared 45 species and identified for the first time a host plant for Agromyza masculina Sehgal and a likely host plant for Ophiomyia carolinensis Spencer. Of the 45 species, 17 are new records for New York State, for which fewer than 40 agromyzid species had previously been known. A new agromyzid species was reared from blotch mines on black-eyed Susan, Rudbeckia sp. and an undetermined yellow garden composite, both in the Asteraceae; this species is described here.
Redescription of P. dorsipapillatus (von Marenzeller, 1893) and additional comments on the other species in the genus Pholoides Pruvot, 1895 (Polychaeta: Sigalionidae)
Authors: HINTZE KATHARINA , MEIßNER KARIN , BICK ANDREAS
Published: July 2018

Pholoides Pruvot, 1895 is a species-poor genus of small scale-bearing polychaetes. Pholoides species are restricted to the continental shelf, living in sandy and muddy substrates, or on hard bottoms. During the DIVA 3 expedition grab samples were taken on four seamounts of the Meteor Seamount complex. One of the most common polychaetes in these samples was P. dorsipapillatus (von Marenzeller, 1893). Based on this material a comparison with the type material is undertaken leading to a re-description of P. dorsipapillatus. Diagnostic characters of all accepted Pholoides species were evaluated using light, scanning electron and confocal laser scanning microscopy. CLSM in particular proved to be an excellent tool for investigating these small species, and especially the type material. Blossom-like sensory buds, found at certain appendages of P. dorsipapillatus, could be an important diagnostic character to distinguish P. dorsipapillatus from other Pholoides species. Sequence information on three different gene fragments, the mitochondrial COI and 16S and the nuclear H3a, were obtained, and could serve for future phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies.
Victimization, Fear of Crime, and Trust in Criminal Justice Institutions: A Cross-National Analysis
Authors: Singer Alexa J. , Chouhy Cecilia , Lehmann Peter S. , Walzak Jessica N. , Gertz Marc , Biglin Sophia
Published: July 2018

Prior studies demonstrate that victimization and fear of crime independently affect criminal justice attitudes, but few have examined trust in criminal justice institutions. In addition, research has been primarily confined to the United States. Using data from the AmericasBarometer survey collected in the United States, Mexico, Argentina, and Brazil, the current study investigates the direct and indirect effects of criminal victimization and fear of crime on (a) perceived fairness of the courts, (b) trust in the police, and (c) overall trust in the criminal justice system. Results show that while the direct effects of victimization are mixed across countries and outcomes, fear of crime consistently mediates the effects of victimization on trust in criminal justice institutions.
The Impact of Unusual End-of-Life Phenomena on Hospice Palliative Care Volunteers and Their Perceived Needs for Training to Respond to Them
Authors: Claxton-Oldfield Stephen , Gallant Megan , Claxton-Oldfield Jane
Published: July 2018

Thirty-nine hospice palliative care volunteers completed a survey examining (a) their beliefs about end-of-life phenomena (EOLP), (b) the impact of EOLP on their lives, and (c) their perceived needs for training to respond to them. Forty-nine percent of the volunteers either had personally witnessed an EOLP in their volunteer work and/or had a patient or patient’s family member report an EOLP to them. More than half of the volunteers strongly agreed or agreed that EOLP have influenced their religious beliefs and their spirituality in a positive way (53% and 59%, respectively). Eighty-nine percent of the volunteers indicated that they had never received any training about EOLP, and nearly all of the volunteers were interested in learning more about EOLP. After completing the survey, 59% of the volunteers shared stories about EOLP they had either personally witnessed or been told about. The most frequently reported experiences involved deathbed visions. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Reaction Times of Preschool Children on the Ruler Drop Test: A Cross-Sectional Study With Reference Values
Authors: Ángel Latorre-Roman Pedro , Robles-Fuentes Alejandro , García-Pinillos Felipe , Salas-Sánchez Jesús
Published: July 2018

Reaction time (RT) tasks assess several brain functions, and a slow RT can be due to various brain diseases, disorders, and acquired conditions. This study examined age and gender differences in RTs of Spanish preschool children on the ruler drop test (RDT) and presents norm-referenced results. Participants were 3,741 children (1,845 girls and 1,896 boys; mean [M] age = 55.93, standard deviation [ SD] = 11.14 months; M body mass index = 15.94, SD = 1.91 kg/m2), selected from 51 schools in southern Spain. We measured RT with the RDT, and we collected both right- and left-hand data. We expressed normative mean RDT values of both hands according to gender and age in percentiles. Based on mean RDT scores, girls exhibited a poorer performance than boys aged 4 years ( p = .032, Cohen’s d = − 0.122) and 5 years ( p = .001, Cohen’s d = −0.194). For the whole group, RDT performance was faster with increased age, from the age of five years.
Vacation Posts on Facebook: A Model for Incidental Vicarious Travel Consumption
Authors: Marder Ben , Archer-Brown Chris , Colliander Jonas , Lambert Aliette
Published: July 2018

Vicarious consumption of travel is ubiquitous. However little is known about the psychological processes this initiates or the potential for resultant behaviors beyond direct steps toward patronage. We address this gap through developing and testing the incidental vicarious travel consumption model (IVTCM), which draws from well-established knowledge of the self-concept and compensatory consumption. In the context of vicariously consuming idyllic vacation posts on Facebook, the model identifies the following: individuals’ travel-related self-discrepancies may become active, leading to feelings of dejection, initiating five possible compensatory consumption behaviors (Direct, Symbolic, Dissociation, Escapism, Fluid). A sequential mixed-method design (total n=860) provides support for the IVTCM. The primary contributions of the paper are as follows: first the IVTCM can be used to understand different forms of vicarious travel consumption. Second, specific understanding on the impact of idyllic vacation posts is contributed, furthering knowledge on the role of social media within tourism.
Theorising community rage for decolonial action
Authors: Canham Hugo
Published: July 2018

Rage is under-theorised in South Africa. This absence is more pronounced in psychological scholarship. This is a remarkable oversight since we have gained infamy as the world’s epicentre of protest action. In this article, I read the landscape of scholarly production to conduct an analysis of how community rage and protests are made sense of. The analysis focuses on work from the past decade as it has been reported that this period has witnessed the greatest intensity of protest action within the post-apartheid period. I contend that protests are a form of community rage at sedimented oppressions. I demonstrate that the expression of community rage provides us the opportunity to work towards our collective decolonisation. In this analysis, I offer that affective meaning making in the theorisation of rage can craft a scholarship that enables praxis towards decolonial action.
Steady-state detection method of burning flame temperature based on wavelet transform and least squares fitting
Authors: Lu Shizeng , Yu Hongliang , Wang Xiaohong
Published: July 2018

The steady-state detection of burning flame temperature plays an important role in the modelling, state identification and optimization control of the cement clinker burning process. In this paper, the steady-state detection method of burning flame temperature based on wavelet transform and least squares method is studied. First, the burning flame temperature data were detected accurately using a video detection device. Then, the temperature signal was decomposed into the high-frequency and low-frequency components based on the wavelet transform method, and the wavelet basis function and the decomposition layer were determined by least squares fitting error. Thus, the signal trend item can be obtained by removing the high-frequency component that represents the signal noise, and reconstructing the low-frequency component that reflects the basic trend of the signal. On this basis, the first derivative of the trend was further obtained, and the steady-state detection threshold was set to achieve steady state-detection of the burning flame temperature. The results showed that the method proposed in this paper can accurately extract the burning flame temperature trend and realize steady-state detection. This paper provides a feasible method for the steady-state detection of burning temperature.
Parameter estimation and synchronization of hyper chaotic Lu system with disturbance input and uncertainty using two under-actuated control signals
Authors: Sabaghian Alireza , Balochian Saeed
Published: July 2018

In this paper, synchronization of two hyper chaotic Lu systems with unknown factors, such as uncertainty and disturbance, and less control signals with respect to system’s dimensions by applying an adaptive sliding mode controller is presented. In this research, firstly, an integral sliding mode controller is designed for synchronization of two hyper chaotic Lu systems with known parameters. Secondly, a controller is used to synchronize two hyper chaotic Lu systems with unknown parameters; in this case, unknown parameters are estimated using an adaptive rule. As a measure of performance, stability of the proposed control method is proved using the Lyapunov stability method. Numerical simulations validate the stabilization and synchronization.
The Antitussive Benzonatate Is Not Tumorigenic in Rodent Carcinogenicity Studies
Authors: Teo Steve , Paranjpe Madhav , Mckeon Marie , Mann Peter , Lee Sophie , LaRock Richard , Brown Tom
Published: July 2018

Benzonatate is a peripheral oral antitussive that dampens the activity of cough stretch receptors. Rodent carcinogenicity studies were performed in Tg.rasH2 mice and Wistar Han rats. Mice were orally gavaged benzonatate at 10, 30, 75, and 100 mg/kg/day for males and 5, 15, and 50 mg/kg/day for females. Rats were gavaged at 10, 30, and 90 mg/kg/day for males and 5, 15, and 50 mg/kg/day for females. Higher doses in males were due to differences in maximum tolerated doses in dose-ranging studies. In both species, benzonatate was not detected in plasma because of rapid ester hydrolysis producing 4-(butylamino) benzoic acid (BBA) and methylated polyethylene glycol polymer. This metabolism was similar in human plasma; therefore, plasma BBA was used to show systemic exposure. Both species had no evidence of a benzonatate-related increase in any neoplasm. A slight increase in nasal cavity exudative inflammation was present in benzonatate-dosed male mice. Retinal atrophy was observed in male rats at ≥30 mg/kg/day, but the incidence was within historical control data range and not related to benzonatate. In conclusion, benzonatate and its 2 major metabolites were not carcinogenic in rodent carcinogenicity studies at BBA exposures of ≥32 and 70 times a 200 mg human benzonatate dose, respectively.
Influence of learning Ugandan folksongs using aural/oral versus notation means on US music majors’ preferences for instruction method and quality of freely created rhythmic accompaniments
Authors: Killian Janice N , Sekalegga Lawrence Branco
Published: July 2018

To examine the quality of rhythmic improvisations after learning Ugandan folksongs via notated or aural/oral means, we asked university music majors ( N = 32) to practice two Ugandan folksongs via Western notation or while viewing a prerecorded video of an expert Ugandan performer singing the same song to mimic aural/oral tradition conditions. Subsequently participants heard an authentic performance of the song they had just learned and were asked to create a rhythmic accompaniment to that song. All conditions were counterbalanced by treatment and by song. Resulting improvisations were judged regarding whether the first was better than the second. Results indicated no significant difference between improvisations on the basis of how the song was learned ( p = 0.2617), differences between the songs themselves ( p = 0.1261) or the order of the songs ( p = 0.7518). Participants improvised better when the song was learned under notation conditions (differences not significant), but 70.1% of participants preferred to learn the song via aural/oral means ( p = 0.0041). Results are discussed in terms of challenges in assessment of improvisations and pedagogical implications for future research.
Effect of the transversus abdominis plane block on postoperative pain and recovery in patients with hepatic echinococcosis
Authors: Su Wenjie , Deng Xiaofan , Li Xiangkui , Deng Jia , Li Peng , Yang Mengchang
Published: July 2018

Objectives

Hepatic echinococcosis (HE) is a severe parasitic disease that occurs worldwide, and radical surgery is the recommended therapy. This study was performed to investigate the efficacy of using a transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block during surgery on postoperative pain and recovery of patients with HE under the guidelines of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol.

Methods

Fifty-eight patients from the Tibetan plateau who underwent surgery for treatment of HE by the same surgeons under the guidance of ERAS were included in the present study. A TAP block was conducted before closing the abdominal cavity.

Results

The consumption of sufentanil was significantly lower in patients of the TAP than control group. Patients had a significantly shorter time to first flatus in the TAP than control group. Other parameters showed no significant differences between the two groups.

Conclusions

Use of the TAP block could reduce the consumption of analgesic medication and promote recovery of patients from the Tibetan plateau under the guidance of an ERAS protocol.
Investigating Cybersecurity Issues in Active Traffic Management Systems
Authors: Khattak Zulqarnain H. , Park Hyungjun , Hong Seongah , Boateng Richard Atta , Smith Brian L.
Published: July 2018

Active traffic management (ATM) systems have been introduced by transportation agencies to manage recurrent and non-recurrent congestion. ATM systems rely on the interconnectivity of components made possible by wired and/or wireless networks. Unfortunately, this connectivity that supports ATM systems also provides potential system access points that results in vulnerability to cyberattacks. This is becoming more pronounced as ATM systems begin to integrate Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Hence, there is a need to rigorously evaluate ATM systems for cyberattack vulnerabilities, and explore design concepts that provide stability and graceful degradation in the face of cyberattacks. In this research, a prototype ATM system along with a real-time cyberattack monitoring system were developed for a 1.5-mile section of I-66 in Northern Virginia. The monitoring system detects deviation from expected operation of an ATM system by comparing lane control states generated by the ATM system with lane control states deemed most likely by the monitoring system. This comparison provides the functionality to continuously monitor the system for abnormalities that would result from a cyberattack. In the case of any deviation between two sets of states, the monitoring system displays the lane control states generated by the back-up data source. In a simulation experiment, the prototype ATM system and cyberattack monitoring system were subject to emulated cyberattacks. The evaluation results showed that the ATM system, when operating properly in the absence of attacks, improved average vehicle speed in the system to 60 mph (a 13% increase compared to the baseline case without ATM). However, when subject to cyberattack, the mean speed reduced by 15% compared to the case with the ATM system and was similar to the baseline case. This illustrates that the effectiveness of the ATM system was negated by cyberattacks. The monitoring system allowed the ATM system to revert to an expected state with a mean speed of 59 mph and reduced the negative impact of cyberattacks. These results illustrate the need to revisit ATM system design concepts as a means to protect against cyberattacks in addition to traditional system intrusion prevention approaches.
Cytotoxicity of long-term denture base materials
Authors: Çakırbay Tanış Merve , Akay Canan , Sevim Handan
Published: July 2018

Introduction:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of various denture base materials following four different aging periods.

Methods:

In total, 48 disc-shaped specimens per each group were prepared: Group I: acrylic resin polymerized in cool water and heated up to 100°C over 45 min and boiled for 15 min; Group II: acrylic resin polymerized under pressure in 40°C–45°C water bath for 10 min; Group III: autopolymerized hard relining resin Cold Liner Rebase; Group IV: autopolymerized hard relining resin Truliner; Group V: soft relining resin DentuSil. Then the specimens were stored in water for 24 h or 15 days, or thermocycled 2500 times or 10,000 times. Cytotoxicity was evaluated with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay using L929 cells after 72-h cell incubation. Cell viability percentages were counted and statistical analyses were performed. The results were also evaluated according to ISO standard 10993-5.

Results:

All materials showed similar cell viability percentages following 24-h water storage and 2500 and 10,000 thermal cycles. Following 15-day water storage, a statistically significant difference was observed between the materials. Comparisons of the aging periods for each material showed statistically significant differences. Groups III and IV showed moderately cytotoxic effect following 15-day water storage. The remaining groups showed slightly cytotoxic or non-cytotoxic effect.

Discussion:

Polymerizing acrylic resins under pressure can be an alternative to conventional polymerizing to ensure a faster denture repair while providing similar cell viability values. Heat-cured acrylic resins provide higher cell viability than hard chairside lining materials in a 15-day period.
Circadian Health and Light: A Report on the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Workshop
Authors: Mason Ivy C. , Boubekri Mohamed , Figueiro Mariana G. , Hasler Brant P. , Hattar Samer , Hill Steven M. , Nelson Randy J. , Sharkey Katherine M. , Wright Kenneth P. , Boyd Windy A. , Brown Marishka K. , Laposky Aaron D. , Twery Michael J. , Zee Phyllis C.
Published: July 2018

Despite the omnipresence of artificial and natural light exposure, there exists little guidance in the United States and elsewhere on light exposure in terms of timing, intensity, spectrum, and other light characteristics known to affect human health, performance, and well-being; in parallel, there is little information regarding the quantity and characteristics of light exposure that people receive. To address this, the National Center on Sleep Disorders Research, in the Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, held a workshop in August 2016 on circadian health and light. Workshop participants discussed scientific research advances on the effects of light on human physiology, identified remaining knowledge gaps in these research areas, and articulated opportunities to use appropriate lighting to protect and improve circadian-dependent health. Based on this workshop, participants put forth the following strategic intent, objectives, and strategies to guide discovery, measurement, education, and implementation of the appropriate use of light to achieve, promote, and maintain circadian health in modern society.
Extra! Extra! The Importance of Victim–Offender Relationship in Homicide Newsworthiness
Authors: Wong Jennifer S. , Lee Chelsey
Published: July 2018

Domestic violence is a widespread issue, with victims suffering emotional and physical harm and severe cases resulting in homicide. Media presentation of extreme instances of domestic homicide may affect public opinion and related public policies. This study examines the presentation of homicide in print news media in the context of victim–offender relationship (domestic vs. non-domestic) using measures of article prominence. The sample includes articles published in the Vancouver Sun over a 12-year period (2004-2015) that reported on a homicide in British Columbia, Canada, with nature of the victim–offender relationship specified ( n = 3,877). Results show that domestic-related homicides are reported less prominently than are non-domestic homicides, including being shorter in length, less likely to be placed on the front page, and less likely to include an image. Results are discussed in light of media impact on public opinion and the influence on public efforts to address and prevent the consequences of domestic violence.
Getting the Measure of Prosocial Behaviors: A Comparison of Participation and Volunteering Data in the National Child Development Study and the Linked Social Participation and Identity Study
Authors: Brookfield Katherine , Parry Jane , Bolton Vicki
Published: July 2018

Measures of prosocial behavior can influence policy, legislation, investment, and inform assessments of the overall state of society. Evidence suggests that methods are important in determining these measures. To widen and deepen our understanding of the complex relationship between these items, we compared participation and volunteering data from a national birth cohort study (National Child Development Study [NCDS]) with data from a linked qualitative study, the Social Participation and Identity Study (SPIS). We evaluated the strengths and prosocial behavior content of each and explored possible links between their respective methodologies and participation and volunteering estimates. We found that prompts and probes were associated with higher estimates and narrow filter questions with lower estimates. The SPIS afforded detailed insights into lived experiences and personal narratives of volunteering and participating, whereas the NCDS supported analysis of these behaviors over time and from a lifecourse perspective. Implications for researchers and policy makers are considered.
Disassembly sequence planning: Recent developments and future trends
Authors: Zhou Zude , Liu Jiayi , Pham Duc Truong , Xu Wenjun , Ramirez F Javier , Ji Chunqian , Liu Quan
Published: July 2018

Remanufacturing has gained increasing attention due to its economic, environmental and societal benefits as well as its contribution to the sustainability of natural resources. Disassembly is the first and usually the most difficult process in remanufacturing a product. Disassembly sequence planning, which aims to find the optimal disassembly sequence, is required to improve efficiency and reduce cost. There have been many investigations in this field and several disassembly sequence planning methods have been developed. This article reviews the main existing disassembly sequence planning methods from the perspectives of disassembly mode, disassembly modelling and planning method. The characteristics of different methods are analysed and summarised from those perspectives. Future trends in disassembly sequence planning are also discussed to reveal gaps in existing research.
Advances in Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Shed Light on Drug Discovery for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Lee Jui-Hao , Liu Jen-Wei , Lin Shinn-Zong , Harn Horng-Jyh , Chiou Tzyy-Wen
Published: July 2018

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which are generated through reprogramming adult somatic cells by expressing specific transcription factors, can differentiate into derivatives of the three embryonic germ layers and accelerate rapid advances in stem cell research. Neurological diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have benefited enormously from iPSC technology. This approach can be particularly important for creating iPSCs from patients with familial or sporadic forms of ALS. Motor neurons differentiated from the ALS-patient-derived iPSC can help to determine the relationship between cellular phenotype and genotype. Patient-derived iPSCs facilitate the development of new drugs and/or drug screening for ALS treatment and allow the exploration of the possible mechanism of ALS disease. In this article, we reviewed ALS-patient-specific iPSCs with various genetic mutations, progress in drug development for ALS disease, functional assays showing the differentiation of iPSCs into mature motor neurons, and promising biomarkers in ALS patients for the evaluation of drug candidates.
Colonial Deindustrialisation of India
Authors: Mishra Brijesh K. , Rastogi Siddhartha
Published: July 2018

While it is quite well accepted that the British rule imposed a heavy cost on India in terms of financial and industrial losses, the economic impact of the Company rule is still far from settled. Rule of the British East India Company (BEIC), and later the crown, has the scholars divided on whether the colonial India suffered a systematic draw down of its economic resources—the so-called drain theory. While the British version underplays or denies such a drain, the nationalists suggest it was a major long-term damage. This article reviews and critiques the economic policies of the British Raj in detail to know whether there was at all a drain of resources out of India and, if yes, to what extent. It was found that while the nationalists exaggerated effects of the drain, their arguments hold significant value. Finally, drain theory is assessed in the backdrop of the theory of unequal exchange.
Migrations and Federations
Authors: Heiss Johann
Published: July 2018

This contribution focuses on the beginnings of the tribal federation called Khawlān in the north of what today is Yemen. Al-Hamdānī, the Yemeni philosopher, genealogist and astronomer writes about these beginnings in two of his works; a passage from Nashwān’s ‘Shams al-‘ulūm’ will complete the picture. At first, a son of Khawlan migrates from Ma’rib to Ṣirwāḥ, in the territory of another group called Khawlān. From there, a grandson of the first migrant goes on to the region of Ṣa‘da, where he forms a federation with another tribal group. Both settle in the plain of Ṣa‘da or in the mountainous region west of it. To accomplish that, they have to wage war against Hamdān who are the original settlers there.

These are the basic facts deducible from the texts. Khawlān really comes into view when the tribal groups wage war. The groups of the original migrants and their allies are not related. Religion plays no part in the occurrences put forward in the texts. As far as possible, these narrations are interpreted and brought into relation to the tribal situation of Yemen at the time.
College Students’ Social Perceptions Toward Individuals With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Phillips B. Allyson , Fortney Stoni , Swafford Lindsey
Published: July 2018

The purpose of the current study was to describe the social perceptions of American college students toward individuals with intellectual disability (ID), identify factors that influence social perception, and determine if level of functioning alters one’s perception. The sample was comprised of 186 American college students. The participants completed the Attitudes Toward Intellectual Disability Questionnaire (ATTID). The ATTID measures five factors—discomfort toward ID, knowledge of capacity and rights, interaction with individuals with ID, sensibility/tenderness, and knowledge of causes. The students’ overall social perception toward ID was primarily positive for all factors except for sensibility/tenderness. More positive social perception was found among students with greater knowledge of ID and more frequent and more positive interactions with individuals with ID. In addition, social perception was significantly more negative for lower functioning than higher functioning individuals with ID. This study helped identify factors that need more attention in awareness campaigns and educational programs.
Web-Based Support for Data-Based Decision Making: Effect of Intervention Implementation on Infant–Toddler Communication
Authors: Buzhardt Jay , Greenwood Charles R. , Walker Dale , Jia Fan , Schnitz Alana G. , Higgins Susan , Montagna Debra , Muehe Christine
Published: July 2018

Programs serving infants and toddlers are expected to use child data to inform decisions about intervention services; however, few tools exist to support these efforts. The Making Online Decisions (MOD) system is an adaptive intervention that guides early educators’ data-based intervention decision making for infants and toddlers at risk for language delay. Using a cluster randomized design to test the effect of the MOD, home visitors (HVs) were assigned to either use the MOD or not across 13 Early Head Start programs. Both groups used the Early Communication Indicator (ECI) for progress monitoring and a parent-mediated language promotion intervention. Children from both groups demonstrated significant growth in expressive communication. However, children whose HVs fully implemented the MOD grew significantly more than the group that did not use the MOD, even after statistically controlling for parent and HV variables. Implications for designing effective and usable systems to promote the use of data-based decision-making practices by infant–toddler service providers are discussed, as well as limitations of the current study.
The Role of Policy on Sexual Health Education in Schools: Review
Authors: Rabbitte Maureen , Enriquez Maithe
Published: July 2018

Teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections are leading public health problems in the United States. While abstaining from sexual intercourse is the best way to avoid these conditions, abstinence only education (AOE) programs in schools have been shown ineffective in delaying sexual initiation or decreasing the teen pregnancy rate. Conversely, comprehensive sex education (CSE) programs have demonstrated the ability to decrease teen pregnancy and delay initiation into sex. However, federal funding continues to primarily support AOE programs, and a majority of states favor AOE in schools, rather than CSE. The purpose of this review was to examine the role of policy on sexual health education, which can have an impact on the health and well-being of adolescents. The review provides school nurses with information to help them educate parents and administrators to the negative repercussions of AOE, so they can advocate for policy change.
Growing up Sexualized: Issues of Power and Violence in the Lives of Female Exotic Dancers
Authors: Wesely Jennifer K.
Published: July 2018

In a modern patriarchal society, women often receive the message that their appearance and sexuality dictate their value as human beings. Some populations, like exotic dancers, capitalize on this construction by receiving monetary rewards for the visual and physical consumption of their sexual bodies. Through interviews with female exotic dancers, the author investigates the ways that these women were sexualized at a young age, often through abuse. The author probes how they negotiated both their child and adult sexual selves and how this intersected with feelings of power and powerlessness and their eventual choices to become dancers. This study demonstrates the complexity of the lives of these women as they try to reclaim power by selling their sexualized bodies for money while still enduring abuse within this context.
A Population-Based Study of the Prevalence and Distinctiveness of Battering, Physical Assault, and Sexual Assault in Intimate Relationships
Authors: Smith Paige Hall , Thornton Gloria E. , Devellis Robert , Earp Joanne , Coker Ann L.
Published: July 2018

The types of violence subsumed under the term intimate partner violence include physical assault, sexual assault, psychological abuse, and battering. This study is the first to estimate the prevalence of intimate partner violence by type (battering, physical assaults, and sexual assaults) in a population-based sample of women aged 18 to 45. The authors describe the prevalence of partner violence by type as well as the demographic, health behavior, and health status correlates of intimate partner violence by type. Findings support the empirical distinction of battering and assault. Battering as measured by the Women's Experiences With Battering (WEB) Scale provided the most comprehensive measure of intimate partner violence.
The Temporal Rhythm of Alcohol Consumption: On the Development of Young People’s Weekly Drinking Patterns
Authors: Andrade Stefan B.
Published: July 2018

This article investigates young people’s weekly drinking patterns during late adolescence and young adulthood. The article builds a disaggregated and temporal framework to explain how young people drink on certain days. Using sequence analysis techniques on longitudinal data from a representative Danish survey, the article identifies four drinking patterns (the majority, the weekend drinkers, the weekend bingers and the heavy drinkers). Analyses of the transitions between the drinking patterns reveal non-linear developments where heavy drinking at an early age does not necessarily lead to heavy drinking later in life. Although parental income and education are important factors to explain whether young people begin to drink at an early age, high levels of alcohol consumption during youth is more associated with influenced from peers and partners.