bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recycling, Packaging
Authors: Bickford Michalina
Published: April 2009

Recycling is increasing in both the developed and under‐developed world. At least 28 countries have laws designed to encourage recycling and reduce package discards. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency advocates product stewardship. This means eliminating toxic constituents, using less material, making packaging more reusable, using more recycled content, and making it more readily recyclable. Containers and packaging comprised about 4% of the total municipal solid wastes (MSW) in 2007. The recovery rate was 33.4%. Solid wastes are separated from the MSW and are sent to processing centers. Glass, paper, plastics, and metals are the primary packaging materials. Information is given for collection and sorting, processing, source reduction and uses of these individual materials. Regulations in regard to recycling and packaging are numerous, Bottle bills, use of recycled material in new products, fees, heavy metals.the European Directive, and international materials and packaging restrictions are covered.
Toward a refined view of aggressive fantasy as a risk factor for aggression: interaction effects involving cognitive and situational variables
Authors: Smith Craig E. , Fischer Kurt W. , Watson Malcolm W.
Published: April 2009

Over three decades of research have established a positive connection between fantasizing about aggression and enacting aggression. Such findings have provided strong evidence against the catharsis view of aggressive fantasy. However, little attention has been paid to the potentially nuanced nature of the link between fantasy aggression and actual aggression. In the present article, we examined the influence of four variables in the aggressive fantasy–aggressive behavior link: gender, exposure to violence, fantasy absorption, and level of fantasy about harm befalling loved ones and the self (dysphoric fantasy). Using data from a diverse, community‐based sample of 7–14‐year olds and their mothers, we replicated the general finding that aggressive fantasy is positively associated with real‐world aggressive behavior. However, we also found that the interaction of aggressive fantasy and exposure to violence related significantly to aggression, as did the relation between aggressive fantasy and dysphoric fantasy. When exposure to violence was low, even high levels of aggressive fantasizing did not predict aggressive behavior, and, when aggressive fantasizing was low, even high levels of exposure to violence did not predict aggressive behavior. Similarly, when dysphoric fantasy was high, the connection between fantasy aggression and real aggression was markedly attenuated. The implications of these findings for intervention efforts and future research are considered. Aggr. Behav. 35:313–323, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prior knowledge processing for initial state of Kalman filter
Authors: Suzdaleva E.
Published: April 2009

The paper deals with a specification of the prior distribution of the initial state for Kalman filter. The subjective prior knowledge, used in state estimation, can be highly uncertain. In practice, incorporation of prior knowledge contributes to a good start of the filter. The present paper proposes a methodology for selection of the initial state distribution, which enables eliciting of prior knowledge from the available expert information. The proposed methodology is based on the use of the conjugate prior distribution for models belonging to the exponential family. The normal state‐space model is used for demonstrating the methodology. The paper covers processing of the prior knowledge for state estimation, available in the form of simulated data. Practical experiments demonstrate the processing of prior knowledge from the urban traffic control area, which is the main application of the research. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient, Nickel‐Catalysed Kumada–Tamao–Corriu Cross‐ Coupling with a Calix[4]arene‐Diphosphine Ligand
Authors: Monnereau Laure , Sémeril David , Matt Dominique , Toupet Loïc , Mota Antonio J.
Published: April 2009

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The dynamic complex cis‐P,P′‐(η5‐cyclopentadienyl)‐{5,17‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐25,26,27, 28‐tetrabenzyloxycalix[4]arene}nickel(II) tetrafluoroborate (2) in which the PNiP plane undergoes a rapid fanning motion was assessed in the cross‐coupling reacting between phenylmagnesium bromide (PhMgBr) and aryl halides (ArX). TOFs, of up to 21250 mol(converted ArBr)⋅mol(2)−1⋅h−1, were obtained with electron‐rich as well as congested bromoarenes using catalyst loadings as low as 1×10−3 mol%, provided that the reactions were carried out at 100 °C in dioxane with a PhMgBr/ArX ratio of 2:1. The high activities observed contrast with those observed for triphenylphosphine‐based catalysts and furthermore, outperforms the fastest diphosphine‐based catalysts reported, a behaviour which is likely to rely on a bite angle effect.
Sustained response with rituximab in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: A report of 13 cases and review of the literature
Authors: Ling Huichung T. , Field Joshua J. , Blinder Morey A.
Published: April 2009

Idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a life‐threatening disease mediated by autoantibodies directed against ADAMTS‐13. A number of small series and case reports have shown promising results with rituximab in refractory or relapsed TTP. In this report, we present 13 patients with TTP treated with rituximab. Twelve of the 13 patients (92%) achieved complete response; no subsequent relapses occurred with median follow‐up of 24 months (range, 13–84 months). The addition of rituximab to standard therapy appears to be effective in sustaining long‐term remission in TTP. However, the optimal dosing and timing of rituximab warrant further investigation. Am. J. Hematol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intensive induction chemotherapy with regimen containing intermediate dose cytarabine in the treatment of de novo acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Liu Jiazhuo , Mi Yingchang , Fu Mingwei , Yu Wenjuan , Wang Ying , Lin Dong , Bian Shougeng , Wang Jianxiang
Published: April 2009

To improve long‐term outcome of de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients by intermediate dose of cytarabine integrated in induction therapy and to explore the impact of cytogenetic abnormalities on the prognosis. Eighty‐seven AML patients were treated with HAD regimen containing intermediate dose cytarabine (IDAra‐C) as induction therapy, 83 from which with karyotype results were divided into three cytogenetic groups according to SWOG criteria. Complete remission (CR) rate, disease‐free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) among different groups were evaluated. The CR rate of the 87 cases was 80/87 (92%). Median DFS and OS have not reached (NR). DFS rates at 1 and 3 years were 76.3% and 63.4%, respectively. OS rates at 1 and 3 years were 86.0% and 58.7%, respectively. According to SWOG criteria, CR rate, median DFS, and OS were 100%, NR and NR for the favorable group; 88.9%, NR, and 16 months for the intermediate group; 83.3%, 4.5 months, and 7.5 months for the adverse group. The differences among the three groups were statistically significant excepting for CR rate between adverse and intermediate groups. HAD regimen containing IDAra‐C as induction chemotherapy regimen is effective in de novo AML of adult patients and can achieve higher CR rate and longer survival than standard dose of cytarabine (SDAra‐C) regimen. Most of the patients were able to endure the therapy. Cytogenetics is still an important prognostic factor despite of the incorporation of IDAra‐C in induction chemotherapy. The differences among the three groups were statistically significant. Am. J. Hematol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maternal diets, nutritional status, and zinc in contemporary Mexican infants' teeth: Implications for reconstructing paleodiets
Authors: Dolphin Alexis E. , Goodman Alan H.
Published: April 2009

Despite attempts to use zinc (Zn) concentrations in hard tissues to comment upon the degree of carnivory in past populations, zinc has yielded inconsistent trophic level effects. The question of what, if anything, zinc in human enamel reveals regarding past diets is the focus of this research. We test whether the zinc content of deciduous tooth enamel from contemporary Mexican infants varies by maternal dietary variables such as zinc intake, proportion of animal products consumed, and dietary components that are known to impact zinc absorption. Deciduous teeth were collected from former participants in a longitudinal study of maternal and infant diet and function in highland Mexico. The Zn/Ca ratios of both prenatal and postnatal regions of 37 anterior teeth representing 26 individuals were assessed via laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. Maternal dietary data collected during lactation were not correlated with zinc levels in the early postnatal enamel of infants' teeth, which were forming at the same time. In the case of prenatal enamel, zinc values were correlated with the consumption of foods known to influence Zn bioavailability, most notably tortillas (P = 0.008; r = 0.510), but not with meat consumption. Unexpectedly, women who consumed diets with poor zinc bioavailability during pregnancy gave birth to infants whose prenatal enamel demonstrated the highest Zn/Ca ratios, possibly due to enhanced zinc absorption during pregnancy for those mothers suffering most from long‐term micronutrient deficiency. These results would suggest that zinc is not a reliable trophic level indicator. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effects of lactation and infant care on adult energy budgets in wild siamangs (Symphalangus syndactylus)
Authors: Lappan Susan
Published: April 2009

In mammals with biparental care of offspring, males and females may bear substantial energetic costs of reproduction. Adult strategies to reduce energetic stress include changes in activity patterns, reduced basal metabolic rates, and storage of energy prior to a reproductive attempt. I quantified patterns of behavior in five groups of wild siamangs (Symphalangus syndactylus) to detect periods of high energetic investment by adults and to examine the relationships between infant care and adult activity patterns. For females, the estimated costs of lactation peaked at around infant age 4–6 months and were low by infant age 1 year, whereas the estimated costs of infant‐carrying peaked between ages 7 and 12 months, and approached zero by age 16 months. There was a transition from primarily female to male care in the second year of life in some groups. Females spent significantly less time feeding during lactation than during the later stages of infant care, suggesting that female siamangs do not use increased food intake to offset the costs of lactation. Female feeding time was highest between infant ages 16 and 21 months, a period of relatively low female investment in the current offspring that coincided with the period of highest male investment in infant care. This suggests that male care may reduce the costs of infant care for females in the later stages of a reproductive attempt. The female energy gain resulting from male care was likely invested in somatic maintenance and future reproduction, rather than the current offspring. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Formaldehydbildung auf den Vanadiumoxidoberflächen V2O3(0001) und V2O5(001): Wie bildet sich der stabile Methoxy‐Zwischenzustand?
Authors: Göbke Daniel , Romanyshyn Yuriy , Guimond Sébastien , Sturm Jacobus Marinus , Kuhlenbeck Helmut , Döbler Jens , Reinhardt Ulrike , Ganduglia‐Pirovano Maria Veronica , Sauer Joachim , Freund Hans‐Joachim
Published: April 2009

In vielen Systemen mit Methanol als Adsorbat ist die Hydroxy‐vermittelte Methoxybildung oder ‐stabilisierung vermutlich ein wichtiger Prozess. Beim Bruch der O‐H‐Bindung der Methanolmoleküle entstehen Wasserstoffatome, die mit dem Substrat reagieren. Dieser Prozess kann 1) zur Bildung von zusätzlichen Oberflächendefekten als reaktive Zentren für die Methoxybildung führen und 2) Methoxygruppen stabilisieren, indem die Methanolbildung unterdrückt wird.

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Ionic‐Liquid‐Assisted Formation of Silver Nanowires
Authors: Kim Tae Young , Kim Won Jung , Hong Seung Hyun , Kim Jong Eun , Suh Kwang S.
Published: April 2009

Auf Draht: Ein einfaches und effektives Verfahren zur Synthese von Silbernanodrähten mithilfe eines durch eine ionische Flüssigkeit unterstützten Polyolprozesses wird beschrieben (siehe Schema, Maßstab 5 nm). Die ionische Flüssigkeit wird so gewählt, dass sie das anisotrope Wachstum von Silbernanopartikeln zu ‐nanodrähten fördert.

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Reversible Scrolling of Two‐Dimensional Sheets from the Self‐Assembly of Laterally Grafted Amphiphilic Rods
Authors: Lee Eunji , Kim Jung‐Keun , Lee Myongsoo
Published: April 2009

Mal flach, mal gerollt: Amphiphile Stäbe mit lateralen flexiblen Ketten organisieren sich in wässriger Lösung in zweidimensionale Blätter (siehe Bild). Bemerkenswerterweise rollen sich die Blätter beim Erhitzen reversibel zu röhrenförmigen Rollen zusammen, wie durch Kryo‐Transmissionselektronen‐ und Fluoreszenzmikroskopie belegt wird.

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Nanopartikelgeschosse durch explodierende Polyelektrolytkapseln
Authors: Dähne Lars
Published: April 2009

Nanopartikel mit Sprengkraft: Kürzlich gelang die Herstellung von Mikrokapseln, die durch eine von einem äußeren Reiz ausgelöste Explosion Nanopartikel effizient und schnell in die Umgebung verteilen (siehe Bild), was ein verbreitetes Prinzip in der Natur zur Verteilung von Samen oder Abwehrstoffen nachahmt.

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A Synthetic High‐Spin Oxoiron(IV) Complex: Generation, Spectroscopic Characterization, and Reactivity
Authors: England Jason , Martinho Marlène , Farquhar Erik R. , Frisch Jonathan R. , Bominaar Emile L. , Münck Eckard , Que Lawrence
Published: April 2009

Hoch vs. niedrig: Die Synthese eines High‐Spin‐Oxoeisen(IV)‐Komplexes, [FeIV(O)(TMG3tren)]2+ (siehe Bild, TMG3tren=1,1,1‐Tris{2‐[N2‐(1,1,3,3‐tetramethylguanidino)]ethyl}amin), gelang in hohen Ausbeuten mithilfe des sperrigen vierzähnigen TMG3tren‐Liganden, der zum einen die Oxoeisen(IV)‐Einheit sterisch abschirmt und zum anderen eine trigonal‐bipyramidale Geometrie am Eisenzentrum erzwingt, für die ein S=2‐Grundzustand bevorzugt ist.

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The Nature of Halogen⋅⋅⋅Halogen Interactions: A Model Derived from Experimental Charge‐Density Analysis
Authors: Bui Thai Thanh Thu , Dahaoui Slimane , Lecomte Claude , Desiraju Gautam R. , Espinosa Enrique
Published: April 2009

Slightly attractive: The attractive and anisotropic nature of the Cl⋅⋅⋅Cl interaction in C6Cl6is experimentally demonstrated from an expansion of the electron densityρ(r) around the chlorine nuclei. The interaction is explained in a model in which there is a bonding attraction involving electron‐deficient (see picture, blue) and electron‐rich (red) regions of adjacent Cl atoms.

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Reversible Scrolling of Two‐Dimensional Sheets from the Self‐Assembly of Laterally Grafted Amphiphilic Rods
Authors: Lee Eunji , Kim Jung‐Keun , Lee Myongsoo
Published: April 2009

Deep‐water scrolls: It is demonstrated that amphiphilic rods containing lateral flexible chains self‐assemble into two‐dimensional sheets in aqueous solution (see picture). Remarkably, the sheets roll up reversibly into tubular scrolls upon heating, as confirmed by cryo‐transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy.

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Diastereoselective Synthesis of Pentasubstituted γ‐Butyrolactones from Silyl Glyoxylates and Ketones through a Double Reformatsky Reaction
Authors: Greszler Stephen N. , Johnson Jeffrey S.
Published: April 2009

Three contiguous stereocenterscan be established with remarkable diastereoselectivity in a double Reformatsky sequence. Densely functionalized γ‐butyrolactones were assembled rapidly by this approach, in which a ketone is used as the terminal electrophile (see scheme). Secondary transformations of the lactone products enhance their synthetic utility. R1=Me, H; R2=alkyl, aryl, CF3; Bn=benzyl, TBS=tert‐butyldimethylsilyl.

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Hyperbranched: A Universal Conjugated Polymer Platform
Authors: Tolosa Juan , Kub Chris , Bunz Uwe H. F.
Published: April 2009

Out on a limb: Sonogashira coupling of a suitable AB2 monomer containing two iodine and one alkyne group forms a hyperbranched conjugated polymer that is studded with iodine end groups (see picture: I purple). These iodine groups are a perfect handle for convenient, efficient, and high‐yielding post‐functionalization to access hyperbranched, fluorescent poly(phenyleneethynylene)s.

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Coordination and Activation of the BF Molecule
Authors: Vidovic Dragoslav , Aldridge Simon
Published: April 2009

No CO: Fluoroborylene (BF), isoelectronic with CO and N2, can be trapped by a transition metal. The structurally characterized complex [{CpRu(CO)2}2(μ‐BF)] contains an unsupported bridging BF ligand, which is unprecedented in the structural chemistry of CO. With AlCl3 , metal‐bound CO coordinates through the O atom without bond rupture, while the more polar and less π‐bonded BF ligand is heterolytically cleaved (see picture).

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Upper bounds for ruin probabilities in two dependent risk models under rates of interest
Authors: Yao Dingjun , Wang Rongming
Published: April 2009

In this article, we consider two discrete‐time risk models, in which dependent structures of the payments and the interest force are considered. Two autoregressive moving‐average (ARMA) models are introduced to model the premiums and rates of interest, and the claims are assumed to be independent. Generalized Lundberg inequalities for the ruin probabilities are derived by using renewal recursive technique, which extend some known results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A patent analysis of cluster analysis
Authors: Kettenring Jon R.
Published: April 2009

The application of cluster analysis (CA) to analyze scientific research data has been growing rapidly, especially in the life sciences. Its use for commercial purposes is much more difficult to characterize. A detailed analysis of recent patents provides some revealing insights, however. It points to several areas of patent activity for which CA is widely used. These are discussed in the paper and a number of patents are highlighted to illustrate the diversity of applications. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anatomic landmarks for localization of the spinal accessory nerve
Authors: Durazzo Marcelo D. , Furlan Julio C. , Teixeira Gilberto V. , Friguglietti Celso U. M. , Kulcsar Marco A. V. , Magalhães Roberto P. , Ferraz Alberto R. , Brandão Lenine G.
Published: April 2009

This anatomical study examines the anatomic topography and landmarks for localization of the spinal accessory nerve (SAN) during surgical dissections in 40 fresh human cadavers (2 females and 38 males; ages from 22 to 89 years with a mean of 60 years). In the submandibular region, the SAN was found anteriorly to the transverse process of the atlas in 77.5% of the dissections. When the SAN crossed the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, the mean distance from the point of crossing to the tendon of the muscle was 1.75 ± 0.54 cm. Distally, the SAN crossed between the two heads of the SCM muscle in 45% of the dissections and deep to the muscle in 55%. The SAN exited the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in a point superior to the nerve point with a mean distance between these two anatomic parameters of 0.97 ± 0.46 cm. The mean overall extracranial length of the SAN was 12.02 ± 2.32 cm, whereas the mean length of the SAN in the posterior triangle was 5.27 ± 1.52 cm. There were 2–10 lymph nodes in the SAN chain. In conclusion, the nerve point is one of the most reliable anatomic landmarks for localization of the SAN in surgical neck dissections. Although other anatomic parameters including the transverse process of the atlas and the digastric muscle can also be used to localize the SAN, the surgeon should be aware of the possibility of anatomic variations of those parameters. Similar to previous investigations, our results suggest that the number of lymph nodes of the SAN chain greatly varies. Clin. Anat. 22:471–475, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development and clinical significance of the musculus dorsoepitrochlearis in men
Authors: P. Haninec , R. Tomáš , R. Kaiser , R. Čihák
Published: April 2009

Musculus dorsoepitrochlearis is a typical muscle variation, which, if in full extent, is represented by the muscular or fibromuscular slip detached from the anteroinferior border of the musculus latissimus dorsi. It passes over the axilla under the axillary fascia crossing the medial side of the brachial plexus and continues as a septum intermusculare mediale brachii distally to the medial epicondyle of humerus. Its full extent is rarely developed—the connection into the intermuscular septum being mostly absent. Muscular slips from the musculus latissimus then insert on various structures in the axilla, often on the crest of greater tubercle of humerus or into the musculus pectoralis major (this variation is known as the axillary arch of Langer) or to other neighboring structures (coracoid process, fasciae of muscles). In our observations, 209 patients with traumatic lesions of the brachial plexus underwent surgical procedure. The presence of the musculus dorsoepitrochlearis has been observed. It was found in the form of various slips from the musculus latissimus dorsi in 4 patients. In 3 of those 4 patients, the innervation was derived from the nervus thoracodorsalis. We also presented 2 case reports of patients with clinical symptoms caused by compression of nerves in the axilla by the dorsoepitrochlear strip. Clin. Anat. 22:481–488, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A teaching approach for bridging the gap between low‐level and high‐level programming using assembly language learning for small microcontrollers
Authors: Bolanakis Dimosthenis E. , Evangelakis Georgios A. , Glavas Euripidis , Kotsis Konstantinos T.
Published: April 2009

Assembly language programming has been for long used as a teaching tool for computer systems. However, this approach suffers from the difficulties that are inherent to its low‐level instructions. The present teaching approach merges the assembly language course with microcomputers technology by means of structured pseudo‐coding. The method is based on a classification of the assembly instructions in a novel inventory, which is subsequently used for the composition of the basic high‐level programming possibilities, thus overcoming the limited assembly abilities. The proposed methodology aims at helping the students to make the parallelization between the assembly language programming for 8‐bit microcontrollers and a higher level programming. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 19: 525–537, 2011
A new integrated education environment for induction motor drives
Authors: Tuncer Servet
Published: April 2009

This paper presents an integrated education environment (IEE) developed for field‐oriented controlled induction motor (IM). This educational environment helps students to develop knowledge about field‐oriented control algorithms for IM through the study of analysis and design. It also increases the effectiveness of the teaching of subjects. The control of IM using field‐orientation methods is implemented on the DS1103 controller board from dSPACE. In the proposed IEE, the controller gains and other numerical parameters such as speed reference and d‐axis current reference, etc. are easily adjusted through the developed graphical user interface (GUI) in dSPACE's ControlDesk environment. The output voltage and current waveforms and their harmonic spectra can be shown on the developed GUI and can also be stored as a MAT file. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 19: 550–560, 2011
Programming languages for marine engineers
Authors: Orosa García José A.
Published: April 2009

Software resources have the disadvantage that they are restricted to the most common applications. As a possible solution, universities have proposed to teach different programming languages for different learning streams. This manuscript describes an early study about the optimal programming language for these studies. The results show that Visual Basic for Applications is the most adequate language. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 19: 591–597, 2011
Educational software to learn the essentials of engineering graphics
Authors: Hernández‐Abad Francisco , Rojas‐Sola José Ignacio , Hernández‐Abad Vicente , Ochoa‐Vives Manuel , Font‐Andreu Jordi , Hernández‐Díaz David , Villar‐Ribera Ricardo
Published: April 2009

This article presents a novel educational software package which develops an Interactive Didactic Application(IDA) generated in the Polytechnic University of Catalonia(UPC), and which contains the essentials of Engineering Graphics according to ISO norms. It is an interactive multimedia application which adapts easily to all engineering studies, according to the needs of each course, and which is the nucleus of Computer Assisted Teaching(CAT). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 20: 1–18, 2012
Detection of RNA Hybridization by Pyrene‐Labeled Probes
Authors: Wang Guojie , Bobkov Georgii V. , Mikhailov Sergey N. , Schepers Guy , Van Aerschot Arthur , Rozenski Jef , Van der Auweraer Mark , Herdewijn Piet , De Feyter Steven
Published: April 2009

Powerful pyrene probes: Two kinds of pyrene‐labeled oligonucleotides (HNA‐ and RNA‐skeleton probes) were explored. The enhanced fluorescence intensity in the monomer region and the disappearance of aggregate/excimer emission in duplexes has been successfully used to detect the hybridization of oligonucleotides.

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By covalently attaching pyrene chromophores with different linkers onto altritol nucleotides or ribonucleotides, and by varying the number of these pyrene modified altritol nucleotides and ribonucleotides in HNA (hexitol nucleic acid) and RNA, respectively, we have explored the general applicability of pyrene absorbance and especially fluorescence as a probe to monitor RNA hybridization. The results reveal that the backbone of the probes, the number of pyrene units attached and the nature of the tether can all substantially affect the absorbance and fluorescence properties of the probes both in single strand and double strand form. Moreover, the strength of hybridization is also affected. The disappearance of pyrene aggregate/excimer emission and simultaneous increase in monomer emission intensity of the multipyrene‐labeled probes has been successfully used to monitor the hybridization of oligonucleotides, including a hairpin structure. Differences in optical response between the HNA‐ and RNA‐skeleton probes upon hybridization indicate that the interaction of pyrene with the nucleobases in both types of duplexes is different.
Rolling‐Circle Amplification: Unshared Advantages in miRNA Detection
Authors: Neubacher Saskia , Arenz Christoph
Published: April 2009

Roll with it: The quantitative analysis of specific miRNAs from biological samples is very likely to revolutionize diagnostics of human disease. A novel method for miRNA analysis employing rolling‐circle amplification (RCA) can homogeneously detect miRNA, even at concentrations as low as 10 fM. The use of T4 RNA ligase 2 (T4 RnL2) at elevated temperatures enables very good discrimination of miRNAs differing by a single nucleotide.

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Synthesis of Planar Five‐Connected Nodal Ligands
Authors: Oms Olivier , Jarrosson Thibaut , Tong Lok H. , Vaccaro Andrea , Bernardinelli Gérald , Williams Alan F.
Published: April 2009

The fiveway junction: The synthesis of ligands with five symmetrically diverging binding sites is described and their assembly into large spherical structures (such as that shown here) investigated.

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Synthetic routes to a penta(4‐pyridyl)cyclopentadienyl ligand are explored. The most successful route uses a palladium‐catalysed pentapyridation of di(tert‐butyl)phosphinoferrocene by using a procedure developed by Hartwig. The same method allows the synthesis of cyclopentadiene ligands substituted with 4‐benzaldehydes or 4‐phenylthiols. The pyridine ligands are formally five‐connected nodes that may be linked by linear coordination metals to give closed spherical complexes of composition [(metal)30(ligand)12] as shown by molecular modelling. Experiment shows that the ligand complexes copper(I) and silver(I) with the expected 1:2.5 stoichiometry, and the 1H NMR spectrum of the resulting product shows the ligands to be equivalent. NMR diffusion and light‐scattering measurements support the formation of a species with a hydrodynamic radius of the order of 15 Å, in agreement with the modelling studies. The resulting complex would be topologically identical to the C60 fullerene structure.
Conformational Flexibility of Tetralactam Macrocycles and Their Intermolecular Hydrogen‐Bonding Patterns in the Solid State
Authors: Zhu Sascha S. , Nieger Martin , Daniels Jörg , Felder Thorsten , Kossev Iordan , Schmidt Thomas , Sokolowski Moritz , Vögtle Fritz , Schalley Christoph A.
Published: April 2009

Flexible rigidity: Tetralactam macrocycles of the Hunter type bear a rigid scaffold (see space‐filling representation), but can still widely adapt to the properties of a guest molecule inside their cavities. X‐ray crystal structures of a series of differently substituted macrocycles reveal a remarkably broad variety of intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding patterns organizing the macrocycles in the crystals in intriguingly different ways.

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Despite their rigid scaffold, tetralactam macrocycles (TLMs) display a remarkable degree of conformational flexibility, as revealed by analysis of the corresponding X‐ray crystal structures. This flexibility is not limited to the rotatability of the TLM amide groups but also applies to the m‐xylene rings, and it thus has a great impact on the overall shape of the macrocycle cavity. The conformational properties of the TLMs give rise to a broad variety of intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding patterns, including infinite ladders, an interesting catemer motif, and short CH⋅⋅⋅OC hydrogen bonds. These results are in accord with previous theoretical calculations, support a structural model proposed earlier for an interpretation of scanning tunneling microscopy images, and substantially contribute to the understanding of the adaptability of macrocyclic scaffolds, which is crucial for guest binding or templated syntheses with TLMs.
ChemInform Abstract: High Pressure Polymorphs of LiCoPO4 and LiCoAsO4.
Authors: Amador U. , Gallardo‐Amores J. M. , Heymann G. , Huppertz H. , Moran E. , Arroyo y de Dompablo M. E.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystallographic and Physical Properties of Ln2‐xNi21B6 (Ln: Er, Yb and Lu).
Authors: Veremchuk I. , Gumeniuk R. , Prots Yu. , Schnelle W. , Burkhardt U. , Rosner H. , Kuz'ma Yu. , Leithe‐Jasper A.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Synthesis and Room Temperature Magnetic Properties of New Binary Mn0.5Fe0.5 (H2PO4)2·xH2O Obtained from a Rapid Co‐Precipitation at Ambient Temperature.
Authors: Boonchom Banjong , Maensiri Santi , Youngme Sujittra , Danvirutai Chanaiporn
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, Structure, and Diels—Alder Reaction of Phenyl(trifluoromethanesulfonate) (3,3,3‐trifluoropropynyl)‐λ3‐iodane.
Authors: Shimizu Masaki , Takeda Youhei , Hiyama Tamejiro
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Secondary Alkyl Halides to a Domino Aryl Alkylation Reaction for the Synthesis of Aromatic Heterocycles.
Authors: Rudolph Alena , Rackelmann Nils , Turcotte‐Savard Marc‐Olivier , Lautens Mark
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: “Ligand‐Free” CuI‐Catalyzed Highly Efficient Intramolecular S‐Vinylation of Thiols with Vinyl Chlorides and Bromides.
Authors: Zhao Qiwu , Li Ling , Fang Yewen , Sun Deqian , Li Chaozhong
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymer‐Supported N‐Phenylsulfonyloxaziridine (Davis Reagent): A Versatile Oxidant.
Authors: Gao Yongnian , Lam Yulin
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanocene(III) Chloride Mediated Reductions of Oxazines, Hydroxamic Acids, and N‐Hydroxy Carbamates.
Authors: Cesario Cara , Tardibono Lawrence P. Jr. , Miller Marvin J.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Regioselective Cyclopropanating Allenylation of (2,3‐Butadienyl)malonates with Propargylic Carbonates and Their Application to Synthesize Cyclopentenones.
Authors: Shu Wei , Jia Guochen , Ma Shengming
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper—Zeolites as Catalysts for the Coupling of Terminal Alkynes: An Efficient Synthesis of Diynes.
Authors: Kuhn Philippe , Alix Aurelien , Kumarraja Mayilvasagam , Louis Benoit , Pale Patrick , Sommer Jean
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed β‐Alkylation of Secondary Alcohols with Primary Alcohols.
Authors: Cheung Hung Wai , Lee Ting Yan , Lui Ho Yin , Yeung Chi Hung , Lau Chak Po
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Methylation of Phenols with Tetramethylammonium Chloride in the Presence of K2CO3 or Cs2CO3.
Authors: Maras Nenad , Polanc Slovenko , Kocevar Marijan
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Ring‐Opening Reaction of meso‐Epoxides with ArSH Catalyzed by Heterobimetallic Ti—Ga—Salen System.
Authors: Sun Jiangtao , Yuan Fang , Yang Minghua , Pan Yi , Zhu Chengjian
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Mizoroki—Heck Cross‐Coupling Reaction with Styrenes.
Authors: Loska Rafal , Volla Chandra M. Rao , Vogel Pierre
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Reaction of α‐Aryldiazoesters with Terminal Alkynes: A Formal [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Route Leading to Indene Derivatives.
Authors: Park Eun Ju , Kim Seok Hwan , Chang Sukbok
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Carbolithiation of Bent Alkyne Without Catalyst. Tandem Route to Dibenzo[b,f]pentalenes from Dibenzocyclooctadiyne.
Authors: Babu Govindarajulu , Orita Akihiro , Otera Junzo
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of 2‐Sulfanylethanol with Mucochloric Acid and Its Derivatives.
Authors: Devyatova N. F. , Kosolapova L. S. , Kurbangalieva A. R. , Berdnikov E. A. , Lodochnikova O. A. , Litvinov I. A. , Chmutova G. A.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzo[b]furans by Palladium—NHC Catalyzed Ring Closure of o‐Bromobenzyl Ketones.
Authors: Farago Janos , Kotschy Andras
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Double Couplings of Dibromothiophenes Using Boronic Acids and Boronates.
Authors: Varello Samantha , Handy Scott T.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Unsubstituted β,β′‐Linked Diformyldipyrromethanes.
Authors: Zhang Zhan , Shin Ji‐Young , Dolphin David
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of N‐Secondary Alkyl 2‐Alkoxymethylpyrrolidines via Sequential Addition Reactions of Organolithium and ‐Magnesium Reagents to N‐Thioformyl 2‐Alkoxymethylpyrrolidines.
Authors: Murai Toshiaki , Asai Fumio
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct‐Type Vinylogous Mukaiyama—Michael Addition Reactions Involving Pyrrolinone Donors.
Authors: Sartori Andrea , Curti Claudio , Battistini Lucia , Burreddu Paola , Rassu Gloria , Pelosi Giorgio , Casiraghi Giovanni , Zanardi Franca
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of 9H‐Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indoles.
Authors: Wood Kasey , Black David StC. , Kumar Naresh
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Microwave‐Assisted Intramolecular‐Furan‐Diels—Alder Approach to 4‐Substituted Indoles.
Authors: Petronijevic Filip , Timmons Cody , Cuzzupe Anthony , Wipf Peter
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Indoles and Indolines via Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling/5‐endo‐trig Cyclization Strategies.
Authors: Fuwa Haruhiko , Sasaki Makoto
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Desulfurization Mediated by Hypervalent Iodine(III): A Novel Strategy for the Construction of Heterocycles.
Authors: Ghosh Harisadhan , Yella Ramesh , Nath Jayashree , Patel Bhisma K.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 4,5‐Dichloro‐3‐trichloromethylisothiazole with Heterocyclic Amines.
Authors: Potkin V. I. , Zubenko Yu. S. , Petkevich S. K.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Coupling of Bromo Sydnones: Development of a Flexible Route Toward Functionalized Pyrazoles.
Authors: Browne Duncan L. , Taylor John B. , Plant Andrew , Harrity Joseph P. A.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Benzyne with Salicylaldehydes: General Synthesis of Xanthenes, Xanthones, and Xanthols.
Authors: Okuma Kentaro , Nojima Akiko , Matsunaga Nahoko , Shioji Kosei
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Intramolecular Nitrone Cycloaddition for Practical 3‐ and 2,3‐Disubstituted Piperidine Synthesis from γ‐Butyrolactone.
Authors: Stephens Benjamin E. , Liu Fei
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydroisoquinolines by a C(sp3)—H Activation/Electrocyclization Strategy: Total Synthesis of Coralydine (XI).
Authors: Chaumontet Manon , Piccardi Riccardo , Baudoin Olivier
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Deprotonative Magnesation and Cadmation of [1,2,3]Triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridines.
Authors: Bentabed‐Ababsa Ghenia , Blanco Fernando , Derdour Aicha , Mongin Florence , Trecourt Francois , Queguiner Guy , Ballesteros Rafael , Abarca Belen
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Vinylation of Hydroxy‐Containing Cyclic Formaldehyde Acetals with Acetylene.
Authors: Oparina L. A. , Vysotskaya O. V. , Parshina L. N. , Khil'ko M. Ya. , Gusarova N. K.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.