bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Home-buying behaviour model of Generation Y in Turkey”
Authors: Kayapinar Kaya Sema , Ozdemir Yasal , Dal Murat
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The young population in Turkey is gradually increasing. Generation Y, which comprises the people born between 1980 and 1999 (Broadbridge et al., 2007) and free-spirited and tech-savvy, forms a large part of the population of the world, especially Turkey, and is of great importance to the housing sector for their home-buying preferences. In this study, housing preferences of students in Turkey’s two socio-economically different universities were comparatively analysed through quantitative methods.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey was simultaneously distributed among students of two universities. The survey consists of six main factors: “reliability”, “economic opportunities”, “transportation opportunities”, “quality of life and social opportunities”, “quality standards”, and “technological opportunities”, with 25 statements. The questionnaire was developed through a comprehensive literature review and the opinions of university stakeholders.

Findings

Results showed that the structure of the family and socio-economic differences affect home-buying preferences. The Mann–Whitney U test indicated that there was a meaningful difference of opinion between students of two universities. Munzur University students paid attention to economic opportunities when buying a home. Additionally, there was a meaningful relationship among the age groups in factors of “having a parking place” (p = 0.026) and “having a playground” (p = 0.026). As the age increases, students desire a playground around their future home.

Research limitations/implications

The most important limitation of this study is the non-parametric data. Non-parametric data structure and the tests performed accordingly are less preferred than parametric data structure. For that reason, to what extent the results accurately represent Generation Y needs to be assessed through future study. Also, a certain number of sampling could be reached as purposive sampling was used.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature in terms of comparatively analysing buying preferences of Generation Y through statistical methods and showing the relationship between these preferences and socio-economic features statistically. Due to the insufficient quantitative research on the literature, this quantitative study was carried future home-buying preferences of Generation Y university students, who will also be actively involved in the housing market. The purpose of this study investigates marketing factors that affect housing preferences of students in Turkey.
Supply chain sales forecasting based on lightGBM and LSTM combination model
Authors: Weng Tingyu , Liu Wenyang , Xiao Jun
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to design a model that can accurately forecast the supply chain sales.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper proposed a new model based on lightGBM and LSTM to forecast the supply chain sales. In order to verify the accuracy and efficiency of this model, three representative supply chain sales data sets are selected for experiments.

Findings

The experimental results show that the combined model can forecast supply chain sales with high accuracy, efficiency and interpretability.

Practical implications

With the rapid development of big data and AI, using big data analysis and algorithm technology to accurately forecast the long-term sales of goods will provide the database for the supply chain and key technical support for enterprises to establish supply chain solutions. This paper provides an effective method for supply chain sales forecasting, which can help enterprises to scientifically and reasonably forecast long-term commodity sales.

Originality/value

The proposed model not only inherits the ability of LSTM model to automatically mine high-level temporal features, but also has the advantages of lightGBM model, such as high efficiency, strong interpretability, which is suitable for industrial production environment.
Risk perceptions and adaptation strategies of smallholder farmers to climate change and variability in North Shoa Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfahun Azmeraw Ayehu , Chawla Arevendor S.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore smallholder farmers’ risk perception associated with climate change, the adaptation strategies used and determinants of their adaptation decision behaviour in Eferatena-Gidem district, Ethiopia.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used household survey methods of data collection. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire survey by interviewing 261 randomly selected smallholder farmers and analysed using both descriptive and inferential data analysis techniques including Participation Index, Adaptation Strategy Index and Binary Logistic Regression Model.

Findings

Results of the survey revealed that the vast majority of the respondents perceived the long-term changes in temperature and rainfall pattern. Although they are not transformational in nature, the majority (77 per cent) of the respondents who had perceived changes in climate took adaptive measures. Results of the econometric model analysis revealed that farmers’ perceptions of climate change, extension contact frequency, farmers’ attitude towards adaptation measures, tailor-made training and membership of farmers in peasant associations were found to be significant predictors that positively influenced farmers’ decision behaviour, whereas off-farm employment and the age of the household head were found to be negative and significant determinants.

Practical implications

This study, in general, provides an insight into the risk perception, adaptive response and determinants of farmers’ decision behaviour in implementing response strategies and suggests that policies and strategies intended at building the adaptive capacity of the farming community in the study area need to take into account the aforementioned significant factors and framers risk perception, as they highly determine their decision behaviour and help in designing effective and context-specific adaptation strategy.

Originality/value

The findings of this study could be informative for policy makers and development practitioners in designing locally specific effective adaptation menu that shapes adaptation to current and future climate risks.
Green sourcing practices in Korea
Authors: Min Hokey , Choi Seok-Beom
Published: September 2019

Purpose

Based on the empirical findings from a survey of Korean firms with greater environmental risks, this paper aims to identify variables that either promote or inhibit the successful implementation of green sourcing strategy and to evaluate the effects of green sourcing on the firm’s supplier selection, waste management, packaging and regulatory compliance.

Design/methodology/approach

To help multinational firms configure an environmentally conscious (green) sourcing strategy, this paper conducted a mail-questionnaire survey and then analyzed the survey results obtained from more than 300 valid responses by using a series of multinomial logistics regression, ordinal regression and discriminant analyses. In addition, the authors performed a cluster analysis, chi-square tests of independence and cross tabulation to analyze the data.

Findings

The authors found that the main driver for the firm’s green sourcing practices is its customer needs and preferences for the environment-friendly product and services instead of peer pressure or government mandates (including environmental regulation). Surprisingly, the authors also found that the firm with a greater purchasing power did not necessarily factor the supplier’s advances in environmental programs into its supplier selection, although the firm’s amount of purchase volume can give it a bargaining strength to pressure its supplier to adopt the environmental programs.

Originality/value

A rapid industrialization of Asia-Pacific countries for the past several decades brought unprecedented economic prosperity in those countries. However, it also eroded ecosystem quality gradually through air, water and ground contamination and pollution caused by industrial activities. Such concerns have prompted many firms in the Asia-Pacific region to reassess their up-stream supply chain strategy such as sourcing strategy. This paper is one of the first to examine how Asia-Pacific firms develop such strategy and identify the most common green sourcing practices that can be guidance for other firms embracing environmental programs.
Effects of citrus latifolia extract on dyslipidemia and tissues redox status in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet
Authors: Mir Hakima , Krouf Djamil , Taleb-Dida Nawal , Berzou Sadia , Guenzet Akila , Khelladi HadjMostefa
Published: September 2019

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the possible effect of Citrus latifolia (CL) extract on biomarkers of oxidative stress, including lipid peroxidation products in rats fed a high cholesterol diet

Design/methodology/approach

Hypercholesterolemia was induced by feeding normocholesterolemic rats 1 per cent cholesterol-enriched diet for 15 days. An experimental group (n = 20) was divided into two groups (n = 10) and fed the same diet with or without CL lyophilized aqueous extract (1 per cent) for four weeks. At day 28, ten rats from each group were killed.

Findings

Treatment with CL lyophilized aqueous extract compared with the untreated group had decreased plasma total cholesterol (TC) (−36 per cent), triacylglycerols (−48 per cent), isoprostanes values (−74 per cent) and reduced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in erythrocytes (−21 per cent). However, the supplementation of CL peels in the hypercholesterolemic diet enhanced superoxide dismutase (+69 per cent), glutathione reductase (+30 per cent) and catalase activities (+34 per cent).

Originality/value

In hypercholesterolemic rats, administering CL extract ameliorates dyslipidemia and attenuates lipid peroxidation in tissues. These results suggest that CL could be beneficial in the primary treatment of hypercholesterolemia and oxidative damage caused by a high-cholesterol diet.
Determining a suitable carbon source for the production of intracellular pigments from Monascus purpureus HBSD 08
Authors: Huawei Zeng , Chengtao Wang , Jie Qiao , Bingjing Zhang , Bing Zhao , Chuangyun Dai
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The Monascus pigment has been widely applied in the food processing industry as a functional additive. Lovastatin and polysaccharides are two important bio-active materials found in Monascus. Citrinin is considered as mycotoxin. Thus, it is important to produce high yields of intracellular Monascus pigments with high yields of lovastatin and polysaccharides, while maintaining low citrinin yields under liquid fermentation.

Design/methodology/approach

The intracellular yields of pigments, lovastatin, polysaccharides and citrinin; biomass; and reducing the sugar content of Monascus purpureus HBSD 08 were determined every day during a 10-day culturing period using lactose, maltose, sucrose, glucose, glycerine and xylose as the sole carbon sources. Additionally, the pigment composition was analysed by a thin layer chromatography (TLC) and the in vitro antitumor activities of the pigments were determined.

Findings

The maximal yield of pigments (55.44 U/mL after six days of culture) and lovastatin content (1,475.30 µg/L after five days of culture) were obtained in the presence of glucose and maltose as the sole carbon sources, respectively. The suitable carbon sources for high intracellular polysaccharides yields were sucrose, maltose and xylose. Glucose should not be chosen as the sole carbon source because of its high food safety risk. In vitro antitumor activities of pigments in the presence of different carbon sources were in the order of xylose > glucose = maltose > glycerine > sucrose = lactose. The pigment compositions in the presence of different carbon sources were the same from the TLC analysis. Thus, maltose displayed high intracellular yields of pigments, lovastatin and polysaccharides; high food safety against citrinin, and high in vitro antitumor activity during the ten days culturing period.

Originality/value

This study shows us the benefits of using maltose as a substrate in the production of intracellular Monascus pigments while ensuring economic and food safety.
Protest and prayer: the Jewish and Catholic presence at Selma
Authors: Callahan Cory , Hubbard Janie
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The recent motion picture Selma infused fresh interest – and controversy – into the political and emotional peak of America’s modern Civil Rights Movement. Ava DuVernay, the film’s director, faced criticism for her exclusion of the Jewish presence from the movie’s portrayal of the March 21, 1965 Voting Rights March. The recent attention presents a teachable moment and new energy for thinking deeply about this pivotal event in America’s past. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors provide valuable historical domain knowledge surrounding the 1965 Voting Rights March, present the requisite plans and curriculum resources for implementing wise-practice instructional strategies, and explore the rationale underpinning the inquiry-based activities.

Findings

The authors share innovative approaches, at the secondary and elementary levels, integrating historical domain knowledge with renewed interest in the 1965 Voting Rights March to create powerful teaching-and-learning experiences. The approaches are innovative because they contain dynamic curriculum materials and reflect wise-practice use of historical photographs within the College, Career, and Civic Life (C3) Framework for Social Studies State Standards.

Practical implications

The approaches shared here are centered around questioning, a key to student learning. The lessons feature the development of questions, both from teachers and students, as classes work collaboratively to interpret a potentially powerful historical photograph and use historical events to practice thinking deeply about important topics.

Originality/value

Social studies classrooms are ideal educational spaces to develop and practice the analytical skills and dispositions students need to meet the challenge of critiquing visual information that concerns complex public issues, such as the role of religion in society.
Tourism employment paradoxes, 1946-2095: a perspective article
Authors: Baum Tom , Solnet David , Robinson Richard , Mooney Shelagh K.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

This is an invited 75article for Tourism Review addressing tourism employment, past and future.

Design/methodology/approach

Conceptual analysis of tourism employment with a focus on paradox.

Findings

Inherent paradox which underpins tourism employment.

Originality/value

A wholly original take on tourism employment.
Efficiency of materials management in the European Union
Authors: Masternak-Janus Aneta
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to measure and evaluate the efficiency of materials management in the European Union countries (EU-28) during the period of 2008–2017.

Design/methodology/approach

The study was conducted using the method of data envelopment analysis (DEA) and variables applied to determine the resource productivity indicator. Therefore, the components of domestic material consumption constituted inputs in the DEA method, while gross domestic product (GDP) was applied as an output.

Findings

The results of the analysis showed that the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Latvia and the UK are the efficiency leaders among all the member states of the European Union. One of the least efficient countries is Poland, which uses too much natural resources in the process of generating goods and services. However, this consumption is growing at a slower rate than the value of GDP, which is beneficial from the point of view of sustainable development. Poland, like other inefficient countries, should reduce its consumption of natural resources in line with the best international practices.

Practical implications

The obtained research results can be a valuable source of information for decision-makers, and contribute to the adoption of more effective policies in order to improve the relationship between materials consumption and economic growth.

Originality/value

The application of the DEA method for calculating the efficiency of materials management represents a new approach, and it is the first attempt of its kind in the European Union countries.
Discursive opportunities and the transnational diffusion of ideas: ‘brainwashing’ and ‘mind control’ in Japan after the Aum Affair
Authors: Ushiyama Rin
Published: September 2019

A case study in the sociology of ideas, this article refines the theory of ‘discursive opportunities’ to examine how intellectual claims cross national and linguistic boundaries to achieve public prominence despite lacking academic credibility. Theories of ‘brainwashing’ and ‘mind control’ originally began in the United States in the 1960s as a response to the growth of new religious movements. Decades later in Japan, claims that so‐called ‘cults’ ‘brainwashed’ or ‘mind controlled’ their followers became prominent after March 1995, when new religion Aum Shinrikyō gassed the Tokyo subway using sarin, killing thirteen. Since then, brainwashing/mind control have both remained central in public discourse surrounding the ‘Aum Affair’ despite their disputed status within academic discourse. This article advances two arguments. Firstly, the transnational diffusion of brainwashing/mind control from the US to Japan occurred as a direct result of the 1995 Tokyo sarin attack, which acted as a ‘discursive opportunity’ for activists to successfully disseminate the theories in public debate. Secondly, brainwashing/mind control became successful in Japanese public discourse primarily for their normative content, as the theories identified ‘brainwashing/mind controlling cults’ as evil, violent and profane threats to civil society.
Death Anxiety: Concept Analysis and Clarification of Nursing Diagnosis
Authors: Mercês Claudia Angélica Mainenti Ferreira , Souto Jaqueline da Silva Soares , Zaccaro Kênia Rocha Leite , de Souza Jackeline Felix , Primo Cândida Caniçali , Brandão Marcos Antônio Gomes
Published: September 2019

PURPOSE

To analyze the concept of “Death anxiety” (00147) and to propose modifications in the components of this diagnosis in Taxonomy II of NANDA‐I.

METHODS

A conceptual analysis was developed based on the eight steps proposed by Walker and Avant.

FINDINGS

Twenty‐six articles were included from a search in four databases. Three defining attributes, nine antecedents, and two consequent ones were identified from concept analysis.

CONCLUSIONS

Conceptual analysis made possible the clarification of this diagnosis and the proposition of modifications in its components, which could provide a diagnostic accuracy.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE

Clarification of the diagnosis will allow the accurate identification of this phenomenon in clinical practice and, consequently, more appropriate nursing interventions.

OBJETIVO

Analisar o conceito de “Ansiedade relacionada à morte” (00147) e propor modificações nos componentes deste diagnóstico na Taxonomia II da NANDA‐I.

MÉTODOS

Uma análise conceitual foi desenvolvida com base nos oito passos propostos por Walker e Avant.

RESULTADOS

Vinte e seis artigos foram incluídos a partir de uma busca em quatro base de dados. Três atributos definidores, nove antecedentes e dois consequentes foram identificados a partir da análise deste conceito.

CONCLUSÕES

A análise conceitual possibilitou a clarificação deste diagnóstico e a proposição de modificações em seus componentes, o que poderá proporcionar uma acurácia diagnóstica.

IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A ENFERMAGEM

A clarificação do diagnóstico possibilitará a identificação precisa deste fenômeno na prática clínica e, consequentemente, intervenções de enfermagem mais adequadas.
Pilot feasibility study of a home‐based fall prevention exercise program (StandingTall) delivered through a tablet computer (iPad) in older people with dementia
Authors: Taylor Morag E. , Close Jacqueline C. T. , Lord Stephen R. , Kurrle Susan E. , Webster Lyndell , Savage Roslyn , Delbaere Kim
Published: September 2019

Objective

To assess the feasibility and safety of StandingTall—an individually tailored, progressive exercise program delivered through tablet computers—in community‐dwelling older people with dementia.

Methods

Fifteen community‐dwelling older people with dementia (mean age = 83 ± 8 years; Montreal Cognitive Assessment 16 ± 5) received StandingTall for 12 weeks with caregiver assistance. Feasibility and safety were assessed using the System Usability Scale (SUS; scores = 0‐100; a priori target >65), Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES‐8; scores = 8‐56), adherence (exercise minutes) and adverse events.

Results

Mean SUS scores were 68 ± 21/69 ± 15 (participants/caregivers). The mean PACES‐8 score was 44 ± 8. In week 2, week 7 and week 12, mean (bias‐corrected and accelerated 95% CI) exercise minutes were 37 (25‐51), 49 (30‐69) and 65 (28‐104), respectively. In week 12, five participants exercised >115 minutes. One participant fell while exercising, without sustained injury.

Conclusions

StandingTall had acceptable usability, scored well on enjoyment and was feasible for participants. These results provide support for further evaluation of StandingTall in a randomised controlled trial with falls as the primary outcome.
“That type of thing does give you a boost”: Control, Self‐valorisation, and Autonomist Worker Copings in Call Centres
Authors: Hastings Thomas , Cumbers Andrew
Published: September 2019

There are growing concerns over current and future incarnations of routine work, based on the rise of technology and its perceived impact on skill requirements in the labour market. Drawing on Autonomist Marxist (AM) literature, the following article demonstrates how and why workers are likely to play a role in maintaining meaningful forms of work. Complimenting labour process research, which focuses on the role of worker “resistance” in the workplace, we develop a more nuanced perspective on worker agency and the human potential to create meaning through self‐governance in even the most unlikely service work encounters. Taking resilience and reworking agencies as subtle forms of “self‐valorisation”, we show how different spaces of routine work are mobilised for reproducing human connections and values in ways which act in opposition to management’s control and the evolution of unpleasant work environments.
Vaginal preparation with chlorhexidine at cesarean section to reduce endometritis and prevent sepsis: A randomized pilot trial (PREPS)
Authors: Hodgetts-Morton Victoria , Hewitt Catherine A. , Wilson Amie , Farmer Nicola , Weckesser Annalise , Dixon Emily , Brocklehurst Peter , Hardy Pollyanna , Morris Rachel K.
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Cesarean sections are the most common major operation worldwide. One in 10 women develops a surgical‐site infection after cesarean section. The PREPS pilot trial was developed to assess the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial of vaginal cleansing with chlorhexidine before cesarean section, to reduce infectious morbidity.

Material and methods

A multi‐center, open‐label, parallel‐group pilot randomized controlled trial across 4 UK maternity units. Women aged ≥16 years, undergoing elective or emergency cesarean section, ≥34 weeks of gestation, and able to give informed consent were eligible. Women were randomized 1:1 to chlorhexidine 0.05% or no cleansing and were followed up until 6 weeks after cesarean section. The feasibility of a larger randomized controlled trial was assessed by the pilot trial’s recruitment, ability to use verbal consent in an emergency, adherence, follow‐up and withdrawal rates. The main clinical outcome collected was Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classification of endometritis at 30 days. Trial registration number is ISRCTN33435996.

Results

A total of 320 women (128% of target) were randomized. Of these, 93% (95% CI 89%‐95%) received their allocated intervention. Of the 88 women who had an emergency cesarean section, verbal consent was initially given by 32 (36%) women, with the remainder having sufficient time to give written consent. Endometritis (CDC definition) was collected from medical notes of 96% of women, 68% (95% CI 63%‐73%) were followed up at both 14 and 30 days by telephone, and we were able to collect patient‐reported outcomes. In the vaginal cleansing arm 2/152 (1.3%) women had endometritis compared with 1/155 (0.7%) in the no cleansing arm (RR 2.08, 95% CI 0.19‐22.31).

Conclusions

It is possible to perform a randomized controlled trial in women undergoing an elective or emergency cesarean section, using a verbal‐followed‐by‐written consent process, while maintaining high adherence and retaining women in the trial.
Phoneme‐Order Encoding During Spoken Word Recognition: A Priming Investigation
Authors: Dufour Sophie , Grainger Jonathan
Published: September 2019

In three experiments, we examined priming effects where primes were formed by transposing the first and last phoneme of tri‐phonemic target words (e.g., /byt/ as a prime for /tyb/). Auditory lexical decisions were found not to be sensitive to this transposed‐phoneme priming manipulation in long‐term priming (Experiment 1), with primes and targets presented in two separated blocks of stimuli and with unrelated primes used as control condition (/mul/‐/tyb/), while a long‐term repetition priming effect was observed (/tyb/‐/tyb/). However, a clear transposed‐phoneme priming effect was found in two short‐term priming experiments (Experiments 2 and 3), with primes and targets presented in close temporal succession. The transposed‐phoneme priming effect was found when unrelated prime‐target pairs (/mul/‐/tyb/) were used as control and more important when prime‐target pairs sharing the medial vowel (/pys/‐/tyb/) served as control condition, thus indicating that the effect is not due to vocalic overlap. Finally, in Experiment 3, a transposed‐phoneme priming effect was found when primes sharing the medial vowel plus one consonant in an incorrect position with the targets (/byl/‐/tyb/) served as control condition, and this condition did not differ significantly from the vowel‐only condition. Altogether, these results provide further evidence for a role for position‐independent phonemes in spoken word recognition, such that a phoneme at a given position in a word also provides evidence for the presence of words that contain that phoneme at a different position.
Reaching consensus for conserving the global commons: The case of the Ross Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Brooks Cassandra M. , Crowder Larry B. , Österblom Henrik , Strong Aaron L.
Published: September 2019

In October 2016, the international community made history by adopting the world's largest marine protected area in the Ross Sea, Antarctica—by consensus. Achieving this feat required trade‐offs and compromise among the 24‐Member States (plus the European Union) comprising the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. The process took 5 years of intense international negotiations and more than 10 years of scientific planning. Based on interviews with national delegations and other stakeholders, 5 years of participatory observation of Commission meetings (2012–2016), and analysis of hundreds of documents, we present unique insights that explain the conditions that stalled or facilitated the adoption of the Ross Sea MPA. These included economic interests, geopolitics, an erosion of trust, high‐level diplomacy, and the compromises that were ultimately necessary. We reflect on lessons learned as the world considers how to achieve future large‐scale conservation successes in the global commons.
Barcodeleser – ein algorithmischer Ansatz für okkludierende kutane Vaskulopathien? Teil I: Vaskulopathien kleiner Gefäße
Authors: Ratzinger Gudrun , Zelger Bettina G. , Zelger Bernhard W.
Published: September 2019

Ziele

Die Klassifikation okkludierender Vaskulopathien kann einige Schwierigkeiten bereiten. Erstens kann ihre Einteilung unterschiedlichen Prinzipien folgen, wie klinisch‐pathologischen Befunden, Ätiologie oder Pathomechanismus. Zweitens unterscheiden Autoren zuweilen nicht zwischen Vaskulitis und Vaskulopathie. Drittens handelt es sich bei den Vaskulopathien nicht selten um systemische Erkrankungen. Aufgrund organspezifischer Besonderheiten sind morphologische Befunde schwer zu vergleichen. Zudem können geringfügige Veränderungen zwar auf der Haut erkennbar sein, in anderen Organen jedoch verborgen bleiben. Unser Ziel war es, die Haut und die Subkutis als Modell und die klinisch‐pathologische Korrelation als Grundlage für die Klassifikation zu verwenden.

Methoden und Ergebnisse

Im ersten Schritt differenzieren wir zwischen okkludierenden Vaskulopathien kleiner und mittelgroßer Gefäße in der Haut. Dabei konzentrieren wir uns im vorliegenden Teil 1 auf die okkludierenden Vaskulopathien kleiner Gefäße. Im zweiten Schritt differenzieren wir zwischen den Subtypen kleiner Gefäße. Im letzten Schritt differenzieren wir nach dem Zeitpunkt des Koagulations‐/Reorganisationsprozesses sowie nach den beteiligten Entzündungszellen und Stromamerkmalen. Durch die Anwendung des gleichen Verfahrens bei den verschiedenen Entitäten und die Visualisierung der Befunde über Barcodes können die Ähnlichkeiten und Unterschiede besser veranschaulicht werden, sowohl klinisch als auch histopathologisch.

Schlussfolgerungen

Okkludierende Vaskulopathien sind häufig keine eigenständigen Entitäten, sondern Reaktionsmuster und Epiphänomene. Ihre Abgrenzung von den Vaskulitiden ist aufgrund der Unterschiede bei Pathogenese, therapeutischem Vorgehen und Prognose von entscheidender Bedeutung.
Long‐term cognitive outcomes in tuberous sclerosis complex
Authors: Tye Charlotte , Mcewen Fiona S , Liang Holan , Underwood Lisa , Woodhouse Emma , Barker Edward D , Sheerin Fintan , Yates John R W , Bolton Patrick F ,   Tuberous Sclerosis 2000 Study Group
Published: September 2019

Aim

To investigate the interdependence between risk factors associated with long‐term intellectual development in individuals with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC).

Method

The Tuberous Sclerosis 2000 Study is a prospective longitudinal study of individuals with TSC. In phase 1 of the study, baseline measures of intellectual ability, epilepsy, cortical tuber load, and mutation were obtained for 125 children (63 females, 62 males; median age=39mo). In phase 2, at an average of 8 years later, intellectual abilities were estimated for 88 participants with TSC and 35 unaffected siblings. Structural equation modelling was used to determine the risk pathways from genetic mutation through to IQ at phase 2.

Results

Intellectual disability was present in 57% of individuals with TSC. Individuals without intellectual disability had significantly lower mean IQ compared to unaffected siblings, supporting specific genetic factors associated with intellectual impairment. Individuals with TSC who had a slower gain in IQ from infancy to middle childhood were younger at seizure onset and had increased infant seizure severity. Structural equation modelling indicated indirect pathways from genetic mutation, to tuber count, to seizure severity in infancy, through to IQ in middle childhood and adolescence.

Interpretation

Early‐onset and severe epilepsy in the first 2 years of life are associated with increased risk of long‐term intellectual disability in individuals with TSC, emphasizing the importance of early and effective treatment or prevention of epilepsy.

What this paper adds

Intellectual disability was present in 57% of individuals with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC).

Those with TSC without intellectual disability had significantly lower mean IQ compared to unaffected siblings.

Earlier onset and greater severity of seizures in the first 2 years were observed in individuals with a slower gain in intellectual ability.

Risk pathways through seizures in the first 2 years predict long‐term cognitive outcomes in individuals with TSC.
Acetyl zingerone: An efficacious multifunctional ingredient for continued protection against ongoing DNA damage in melanocytes after sun exposure ends
Authors: Chaudhuri R.K. , Meyer T. , Premi S. , Brash D.
Published: September 2019

Objective

Recent research has shown that significant levels of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) in DNA continue to form in melanocytes for several hours in the dark after exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) ends. We document the utility of a new multifunctional ingredient, 3‐(4‐hydroxy, 3‐methoxybenzyl)‐pentane‐2,4‐dione (INCI acetyl zingerone (AZ)), to protect melanocytes against CPD formation after UVR exposure ends.

Methods

The use of AZ as an intervention to reduce CPD formation after irradiation was assessed in vitro by comparing kinetic profiles of CPD formation for several hours after irradiation in cells that were untreated or treated with AZ immediately after irradiation. Multifunctional performance of AZ as an antioxidant, quencher and scavenger was established using industry‐standard in vitro chemical assays, and then, its efficacy in a more biological assay was confirmed by its in vitro ability to reduce intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in keratinocytes exposed to UVA radiation. Molecular photostability was assessed in solution during exposure to solar‐simulated UVR and compared with the conventional antioxidant α‐tocopherol.

Results

Even when added immediately after irradiation, AZ significantly inhibited ongoing formation of CPDs in melanocytes after exposure to UVA. Incubation with AZ before irradiation decreased intracellular levels of UVA‐induced ROS formation in keratinocytes. Compared with α‐tocopherol, the molecular structure of AZ endows it with significantly better photostability and efficacy to neutralize free radicals (∙OH, ∙OOH), physically quench singlet oxygen (1O2) and scavenge peroxynitrite (ONOO−).

Conclusion

These results designate AZ as a new type of multifunctional ingredient with strong potential to extend photoprotection of traditional sunscreens and daily skincare products over the first few hours after sun exposure ends.
Role of lymph node stroma and microenvironment in T cell tolerance
Authors: Saxena Vikas , Li Lushen , Paluskievicz Christina , Kasinath Vivek , Bean Asher , Abdi Reza , Jewell Christopher M. , Bromberg Jonathan S.
Published: September 2019

Lymph nodes (LNs) are at the cross roads of immunity and tolerance. These tissues are compartmentalized into specialized niche areas by lymph node stromal cells (LN SCs). LN SCs shape the LN microenvironment and guide immunological cells into different zones through establishment of a CCL19 and CCL21 gradient. Following local immunological cues, LN SCs modulate activity to support immune cell priming, activation, and fate. This review will present our current understanding of LN SC subsets roles in regulating T cell tolerance. Three major types of LN SC subsets, namely fibroblastic reticular cells, lymphatic endothelial cells, and blood endothelial cells, are discussed. These subsets serve as scaffolds to support and regulate T cell homeostasis. They contribute to tolerance by presenting peripheral tissue antigens to both CD4 and CD8 T cells. The role of LN SCs in regulating T cell migration and tolerance induction is discussed. Looking forward, recent advances in bioengineered materials and approaches to leverage LN SCs to induce T cell tolerance are highlighted, as are current clinical practices that allow for manipulation of the LN microenvironment to induce tolerance. Increased understanding of LN architecture, how different LN SCs integrate immunological cues and shape immune responses, and approaches to induce T cell tolerance will help further combat autoimmune diseases and graft rejection.
Microstructure evolution during spark plasma sintering of FJS‐1 lunar soil simulant
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Khedmati Mahdieh , Kim Yong‐Rak , Shin Hyu‐Soung , Lee Jangguen , Kim Young‐Jae , Cui Bai
Published: September 2019

A spark plasma sintering (SPS) process has been explored to densify FJS‐lunar soil simulants for structural applications in space explorations. The effect of SPS conditions, such as temperature and pressure, on the densification behavior, phase transformation, microstructural evolution, and mechanical properties of FJS‐1 have been examined by conducting the X‐ray diffraction analysis, electron microscopy imaging, and nano/micro indentation testing. Test analysis results were also compared to results from the FJS‐1 powder and sintered samples without pressure. The FJS‐1 powder was composed of sodian anorthite, augite, pigeonite, and iron titanium oxide. When FJS‐lunar soil simulants were sintered without pressure, the main phase evolved from sodian anorthite to the intermediate sodian anorthite, jadeite and glass, and iron titanium oxide at 1000°C, which were further transformed into filiform and feather‐shaped augite and schorlomite at 1100°C. Most densification processes in pressureless sintering occurred at 1050°C‐1100°C. During the SPS process, the main phases were sodian anorthite, pigeonite, and iron titanium oxide at 900°C. These phases were transformed to sodian anorthite, glass, and feather‐shaped augite at 1000°C and 1050°C, with the nucleation of dendritic schorlomite at 1050°C. Significant densification by SPS can be observed as low as 900°C, which indicates that the application of pressure can substantially lower the sintering temperature. The SPSed samples showed higher Vickers microhardness than the pressureless sintered samples. The mechanical properties of the local phases were represented by the contour maps of elastic modulus and nanohardness. Multiscale mechanical test results along with the microstructural characteristics further imply that the SPS can be considered a promising in‐situ resource utilization (ISRU) method to densify lunar soils.
Integrated pest management programmes increase natural enemies of pear psylla in Central Washington pear orchards
Authors: DuPont Sara Tianna , John Strohm Christopher
Published: September 2019

Natural enemies are a potentially important component of successful integrated pest management in Pacific Northwest pear orchards. Producers in Washington have dealt with difficult pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Förster) (Homoptera: Psyllidae), pressure and waning product effectiveness for decades. This study finds that integrated pest management (IPM) programmes can sustain high levels of natural enemies comparable to organic management. True bugs Deraeocoris brevis (Knight) (Hemiptera: Miridae) and Campylomma verbasci (Meyer), lacewings Chrysoperla plorabunda (Fitch) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Chrysopa nigricornis and the parasitic wasp Trechnites insidiosus (Crawford) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) increased in abundance under IPM management. Biological‐based IPM programmes have the potential to conserve natural enemies providing biological control in late summer when conventional sprays often fail due to pesticide resistance and inability to penetrate dense canopies.
Influence of Bacillus subtilis GCB‐13‐001 on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, faecal microbiota and faecal score in weanling pigs
Authors: Wang Huan , Kim Kun Phil , Kim In Ho
Published: September 2019

The present study investigated the influence of Bacillus subtilis GCB‐13‐001 on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, faecal microbiota and faecal score in weanling pigs. A total of 120 weaning pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc; 7.73 ± 0.75 kg (28 days of age)] were randomly allotted into three treatments according to their initial body weight (BW) and gender in a 6‐week experiment. There were 8 replication pens in each treatment, with five pigs/pen. Dietary treatment groups were as follows: (a) basal diet (CON), (b) CON + 0.1% Bacillus subtilis GCB‐13‐001 1 × 108 CFU/kg (T1) and (c) CON + 0.1% Bacillus subtilis GCB‐13‐001 1 × 109 CFU/kg (T2). Days 1 to 7, the BW and ADG with T2 treatment were higher (p < .05) than CON treatment, as well as F:G showed trends in linear reduction (p < .1). Days 8 to 21, the BW and ADG were improved (p < .05) in pigs offered T1 and T2 diets compared with CON diet. Days 22 to 42, BW and ADG were higher (p < .05) in pigs fed T2 diet than CON and T1 diets, and the pigs fed T1 diet had higher BW than CON treatment. Overall, the ADG with the T2 treatment was higher (p < .05) than that with the T1 and CON treatments, and pigs offered T1 treatment had higher (p < .05) ADG than CON treatment. Moreover, F:G ratio were significantly decreased (p < .05) by T2 treatment compared with CON treatment. The faecal Lactobacillus counts were improved, and E. coli counts were reduced (p < .05) in pigs fed T2 diet compared with CON at the end of the experiment. In conclusion, supplementation of 0.1% Bacillus subtilis GCB‐13‐001 1 × 109 CFU/kg has shown a beneficial effect in improving BW, increase ADG, decrease F:G ratio.
Food and drug allergy, and anaphylaxis in EAACI journals (2018)
Authors: Eigenmann Philippe A. , Akdis Cezmi , Bousquet Jean , Grattan Clive E. , Hoffmann‐Sommergruber Karin , Jutel Marek
Published: September 2019

The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) supports three journals: “Allergy,” “Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (PAI),” and “Clinical and Translational Allergy (CTA).” One of the major goals of EAACI is to support health promotion in which prevention of allergy and asthma plays a critical role and to disseminate the knowledge of allergy to all stakeholders including the EAACI junior members. This paper summarizes the achievements of 2018 in anaphylaxis, and food and drug allergy. Main topics that have been focused are anaphylaxis, mechanisms of food allergy (FA), epidemiology of FA, food allergens, diagnosis of FA, prevention and control of FA, FA immunotherapy, drug allergy, and political agenda.
An Analytical and Experimental Study of SC-CNN-Based Simple Nonautonomous Chaotic Circuit
Authors: Shameem Banu H. , Sheik Uduman P. S. , Thamilmaran K.
Published: September 2019

In this study, we report an explicit analytical solution of state-controlled cellular neural network (SC-CNN) based second-order nonautonomous system. The proposed system is modeled with an aid of a generalized two-state-controlled cellular neural network (CNN) equations and experimentally realized by imposing a suitable connection of simple two-state-controlled generalized CNN cells following the report of Swathi et al. [2014]. The chaotic and quasi-periodic dynamics observed from this system have been investigated through an analytical approach for the first time. The intriguing dynamics observed from the system where further substantiated by phase portraits, Poincaré map, power spectra, and “0−1 test.” We trace the transition of the system from periodic to chaos through analytical solutions, which are in good agreement with hardware experiments. Additionally, we show PSpice circuit simulation results for validating our analytical and experimental studies.
BBr3 as a boron source in plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Cramer Richard C. , English John , Bonef Bastien , Speck James S.
Published: September 2019

Boron is a difficult material to use in a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) reactor due to its high melting point as a pure compound. Consequently, there is interest in exploring alternative sources for B in MBE. In this paper, the authors detail the construction and operation of a novel BBr3 injection system for plasma-assisted MBE growth and show results for BGaN thin films grown using readily available low purity BBr3 as a proof of concept for the source. The BBr3 system enables the growth of coherent BGaN films with a concentration up to 3% B on the group III site and thicknesses up to 280 nm as determined by high resolution x-ray diffraction. Atom probe tomography and secondary ion mass spectroscopy results of a B0.03Ga0.97N film indicate a high level of Br impurity on the order of 1 × 1019 atoms/cm3 and atmospheric contamination consistent with a low purity source. BBr3 is successful as a B source for high crystal quality BGaN films; however, the Br incorporation from the source limits the applications for this material.
Geographical Patterning of Physical Activity Prevalence in Iran: Spatial Analysis of 4 Pooled National Health Surveys Among 119,560 Adults
Authors: Sahebkar Mohammad , Heidarian Miri Hamid , Noormohammadpour Pardis , Tiyuri Amir , Pakzad Reza , Mansournia Nasrin , Heidari Zahra , Mansournia Mohammad Ali , Stamatakis Emmanuel
Published: September 2019

Background: To investigate the geographical distribution of physical activity (PA) prevalence among adults aged 15–64 years old across Iran provinces using geographic maps. Methods: Data from 4 consecutive national surveys conducted between 2007 and 2010 were pooled to determine the geographical distribution. Prevalence of low PA with 95% confidence interval was estimated by sociodemographic subpopulations over provinces using complex survey design. Results: In total, 119,560 participants (49.9% females) were included in the analyses. The mean (SD) age of participants was 39.5 (14.3) years. The prevalence of the low PA in the pooled 2007–2010 was 35.8% (95% confidence interval, 34.1–37.6). The 3 provinces with the highest prevalence of low PA were Sistan and Baluchestan, Yazd, and Hormozgan. The results of hot spot analysis showed that the Kerman province was a hot spot, and Ilam, Kermanshah, Hamedan, and Markazi were cold spots for low PA. Ilam, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, and Mazandaran had the highest total PA volume (metabolic equivalent minutes per week). Hot spot analysis showed that Ilam and Khuzestan provinces were hot spots for the total PA volume. Conclusions: The regions with low and high PA are predominately situated in the near center/southeast and west, respectively.
Nucleoside-modified mRNA encoding HSV-2 glycoproteins C, D, and E prevents clinical and subclinical genital herpes
Authors: Awasthi Sita , Hook Lauren M. , Pardi Norbert , Wang Fushan , Myles Arpita , Cancro Michael P. , Cohen Gary H. , Weissman Drew , Friedman Harvey M.
Published: September 2019

Immunization with nucleoside-modified mRNA encoding herpes glycoproteins C, D, and E protects against genital herpes.
Myeloid cell–synthesized coagulation factor X dampens antitumor immunity
Authors: Graf Claudine , Wilgenbus Petra , Pagel Sven , Pott Jennifer , Marini Federico , Reyda Sabine , Kitano Maki , Macher-Göppinger Stephan , Weiler Hartmut , Ruf Wolfram
Published: September 2019

Rivaroxaban, an inhibitor of coagulation factor Xa, promotes antitumor immunity in mice.
Bioassay for Determining the Concentrations of Caffeine and Individual Methylxanthines in Complex Samples
Authors: Gutierrez Alejandro E. , Shah Prachi , Rex Abigail E. , Nguyen Tien C. , Kenkare Saamiha P. , Barrick Jeffrey E. , Mishler Dennis M.
Published: September 2019

Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is the dominant neurostimulant found in coffee, teas, sodas, and energy drinks. Measuring the amount of caffeine and other methylxanthines in these beverages is important for quality assurance and safety in food science. Methylxanthines are also used in medicine and as performance-enhancing drugs, two contexts in which accurately determining their concentrations in bodily fluids is important. Liquid chromatography is the standard method for measuring methylxanthine concentrations in a sample, but it requires specialized equipment and expertise. We improved a previous bioassay that links
E. coli
growth to methylxanthine demethylation so that it can now be used to determine the amounts of individual methylxanthines in complex mixtures or beverages, such as coffee.