bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Industry Revolution 4.0: Strengthening the Creative Economy Sectors through BEKRAF Implementation Programs
Authors: HARIKESA I WAYAN ADITYA
Published: October 2024

President Joko Widodo or Jokowi has made a great leap in enhancing Indonesia’s Small Medium Enterprises (SME)s and the country’s overall creative industries by establishing a new non ministerial institution called Badan Ekonomi Kreatif (BEKRAF) or the Creative Economy Agency.
The BEKRAF, established under the Presidential Regulation Number 6 of 2015 issued on January 20, 2015, is responsible for accelerating the development of creative economy in Indonesia.
Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have been playing crucial roles for generating economic progresses as well as social inclusion in Indonesia. Among the most important and worthy of priority is the country’s creative economy. The existence of BEKRAF will enhance close cooperation between the government, SMEs players and related economic stakeholders. 
This paper aims to assess the concept of “Creative Industries,” as a boundary concept that allows for increased co-operation between players and the generally opposing knowledge concepts—as reflected in their respective knowledge and cultural politics. 
Indonesia has great potential in terms of economic growth. In 2015, Indonesia’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) rocketed to 4.79 percent, far above the previous expectation of only 2.4 percent. This encouraging climate is indeed the right moment for the government to strengthen the country’s economic foundation particularly in the real economic sector. Hence, BEKRAF has a vision to build Indonesia as one of the world’s great economic powers in the field of creative economy by 2030. This issue will be discussed comprehensively in the final part of the paper.  
Key words: BEKRAF, Creative Industries, Creative Economy
Potensi Trans Pacific Partnership bagi peningkatan ekonomi Australia
Authors: Ilham Alfi Widho
Published: October 2024

TPP is known as a mega free trade area which is followed by many countries across continents throughout the world. This agreement aims to improve the economy and cooperation among its members. The joining of great power states is a complement in which TPP becomes powerful of a multilateral agreement and makes TPP dominate in economic progress in the Asia-Pacific region. As one of the TPP founding countries, Australia has an important influence on the TPP standing process. As a middle power country, Australia has a fairly strong economy plus it is a producer of several large-scale commodities, this has become its own attraction for writers when Australia entered the TPP to expand its trade. In this article, Australia will be the object of the author's research by joining TPP membership. This article will be questioning the Australia economy and how much influence it to the domestic market, including exports and imports and activities related to the economy. The final purpose of this article will be oriented to whether TPP membership for Australia will benefit its domestic economy or not
Kebijakan Industrialisasi Bangladesh dalam Menarik Investasi Asing sebagai Dampak Kebijakan Neoliberalisme
Authors: Rizky Lucitania
Published: October 2024

Bangladesh merupakan salah satu negara berkembang di Asia Selatan yang berhasil menerapkan kebijakan industrialisasinya guna menarik perusahaan-perusahaan asing untuk berinvestasi di sana. Faktor politik di Bangladesh memiliki andil yang sangat penting dalam menentukan kebijakan neoliberal dalam mendukung proses pembangunan ekonomi di negara tersebut. Kebijakan neoliberalisme di sini bukan berarti negara tidak berperan dalam ekonomi. Hubungan pasar dan pertukaran pasar mensyaratkan suatu negara, atau lembaga serupa negara, untuk mendefinisikan dan melindungi hak milik pribadi dan menegakkan kontrak yang merupakan fitur penting dari pertukaran pasar. Dalam hal ini, upaya pemerintah Bangladesh dalam mendukung masuknya investor asing dilakukan dengan menerapkan seperti liberalisasi ekonomi, privatisasi terhadap sejumlah perusahaan nasional, pemberian insentif kepada para investor asing dan ketersediaan tenaga kerja yang terampil dan upah yang rendah. Untuk mempercepat agenda kebijakan neoliberal tersebut pemerintah Bangladesh kemudian melakukan proses integrasi ekonomi nasional dengan ekonomi global, memperkuat peran pemerintah Bangladesh dalam mendukung kebijakan neoliberalisme, memberikan kemudahan terhadap pergerakan modal dan tenaga kerja serta penguatan corporate sector dalam kebijakan industrialisasi di Bangladesh.
The implicatons of covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Ginanjar Yusep -
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Throughout history, the world has faced various types of pandemics that not only threaten human health, but also greatly affect social and economic aspects. Recently the world is suffering from a pandemic, which is caused by the Covid-19 virus that began in Hubei Province, China. Southeast Asia geographically close to the virus outbreak and as a region consisting of a majority of developing countries, SEA’s economic situation will be greatly affected by the spread of this virus. Throughout the Southeast Asian region, ASEAN helping its members by taken various measures  and recommendation to counter the spread of the pandemic. Some efforts to stimulate these goals are carried out by eliminating taxes among ASEAN members, provide subsidies in the form of cash assistance for vulnerable parties, moratoriums on loan payments,  pension contributions, and cooperate with external partner to deal with the pandemic. The central bank also reduced interest rates, reduced reserve requirements, and purchased government bond. Using qualitative approach and descriptive method, this article will explain and explore about the economic policy in the Southeast Asian region during the Covid-19 pandemic.
 
Keywords: Pandemic; Economic Policy; ASEAN
STRATEGI INSTITUTIONAL BALANCING DI KAWASAN ASIA PASIFIK
Authors: Juliandini Natasya
Published: October 2024

Kawasan asia-pasifik merupaka kawasan yang sangat strategis untuk melakukan kerjasama dibidang ekonomi maupun keamanan. Hal tersebut menjadikan kawasan ini sangat diperebutkan oleh dua negara hegemoni dalam bidang ekonomi yaitu, China dan Amerika Serikat. Untuk mencapai kepentingan tersebut, China dan Amerika Serikat harus ikut berkontribusi di Kawasan tersebut, salah satunya melakukan Institutional balancing dengan institusi-institusi yang cukup berpengaruh di kawasan Asia-Pasifik seperti  Forum Regional ASEAN (ARF), ASEAN Plus Three (APT), East Asia Summit (EAS).
Sebuah HUBUNGAN BILATERAL INDONESIA-AUSTRALIA: KEPENTINGAN AUSTRALIA DALAM MERATIFIKASI INDONESIA-AUSTRALIA COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT TAHUN 2019
Authors: Gusrini Astari Marisa
Published: October 2024

Saat ini, ekonomi global dihadapkan dengan tantangan perang dagang. Hal ini membuat semua negara saling bergantung dengan negara lain. Salah satu contohnya adalah hubungan bilateral antara Indonesia dan Australia. Dimulai pada tahun 1971 berdirinya kantor kedutaan besar Indonesia untuk Australia di Yarralumla, Canberra. Indonesia dan Australia memiliki komitmen bertetangga yang baik dalam bentuk pengembangan kerjasama yang saling menguntungkan. Pada 2013 terjadi ketegangan antara kedua negara yang mana berdampak pada penangguhan kegiatan IA-CEPA dan Indonesia pun memanggil pulang Duta Besar Nadjib Riphat dari Canberra. Pada 2016, Australia memprakarsai IA-CEPA harus diaktifkan kembali. Melalui kunjungan menteri keuangan Indonesia, Sri Mulyani, ke Australia. Tahun 2019 adalah awal mula hubungan antara Indonesia dan Australia semakin menguat. Australia memiliki peran yang cukup dominan dalam hubungan tersebut sehingga sangat terlihat adanya kepentingan Australia. Kerjasama bilateral ini diperkuat dengan adanya sebuah perjanjian yakni Indonesia-Australia Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IA-CEPA. Fokus utama dari kerjasama bilateral ini adalah di bidang ekonomi dan keamanan. Jika berbicara mengenai kepentingan dan ketergantungan ekonomi, Neoliberalisme dan Interdependence Liberalism dapat digunakan dalam membahas masalah tersebut.
Relations between Australia and China in Asia-Pacific Region. Case Study: China's Expansionism in Asia-Pacific
Authors: Nindyawati Meita Ayu
Published: October 2024

The existence and power of China in the international eye can no doubt. One of China's efforts expanded its wings to occur in the Asia-Pacific region. Of course, behind this is China's interests and some other implications that make China an expansionism in the security and economy of Asia Pacific. Australia's proximity to the United States as the largest political, economic and military actor in the Asia Pacific makes Australia's position to be stretched with the Asian-Pacific countries. It is also due to the presence of China as a new force in the Asia-Pacific region which is considered to be an American competitor who has been regarded as a country that has great control over the Asia Pacific through its proximity and assistance given to Australia. China's presence as a force of United States in the region is also due to several historical factors. In this article, the author seeks to describe and analyse how Australia and China relations in the Asia-Pacific region due to China's expansionism by using national security concepts and foreign policy theories.
Keywords: Asia Pacific; economy; military; policy.
DINAMIKA KONFLIK INTERNAL DI SURIAH DIBAWAH KEPEMIMPINAN HAFEZ AL-ASSAD YANG BERDIMENSI INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Herlambang Agus
Published: October 2024

The Asia-Pacific region is a very strategic region for cooperation in the economic and security fields. This makes this region very contested by the two countries of hegemony in the economic field, namely, China and the United States. To achieve these interests, China and the United States must contribute to the region, one of which is conducting Institutional balancing with institutions that are quite influential in the Asia-Pacific region such as the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), ASEAN Plus Three (APT), East Asia Summit (EAS). And this paper will discuss why the United States changed its foreign policy from the Middle East to Asia-Pacific region. The dynamic of the region shows that China plays an important role along with its national capability improvement. The increase in China's national capability is seen as a challenge to national interests, as well as security for the United States alliance states in the Asia-Pacific region. Using an analytical framework based on the Balance of Threat theory, the author concludes that there is a strong relation between China's national capability improvements with the implementation of US rebalancing strategy to the Asia-Pacific region.
PERAN ASEAN PLUS THREE MELALUI KOMITMEN ASEAN PLUS THREE EMERGENCY RICE RESERVE (APTERR) DALAM PENANGANAN ISU KETAHANAN PANGAN DI ASIA TENGGARA
Authors: Mudji Dewi Astuti
Published: October 2024

The region of ASEAN is the leading producer of rice in the world. For most people in ASEAN member countries, rice is also a staple food commodity. ASEAN is disaster prone areas such as tsunami, landslide, earthquakes, floods and hurricanes causing degraded farmland, swallowing casualties as well as farm animals. The research having problem formulation, how the role of ASEAN Plus Three through the APTERR program, how the dynamics of food security issue. and how to implement APTERR's commitment as an effort to address food security issues in southeast Asia. The purpose of this research is to know the cooperation of ASEAN Plus Three through APTERR program. The Data obtained will be analyzed by descriptive method of analysis. .Based on the analysis of the data done, the conclusion that ASEAN is also a disaster prone areas such as tsunami, landslide, earthquakes, floods and hurricanes that cause farmland is damaged, swallowing casualties also livestock animals. As far as research analysis in the implementation of APTERR in the years 2015 – 2019, tier I and tier II programs have not been utilized. APTERR still focuses on tier III, which is giving direct assistance to victims of natural disasters.
Analisa Kebijakan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia terhadap Pemberlakuan Mutual Recognition Agreement (MRA) di Negara-Negara Anggota ASEAN
Authors: Isnarti Rika , Dwi Astuti Wiwiek Rukmi , Irawan Poppy
Published: October 2024

This paper analyzes the Indonesian government's response to the implementation of the Mutual Recognation Agreement implemented by ASEAN. high number of unskilled workers, the high competition of work, and the lack of employment for local residents, will make the MRA a challenge for Indonesia. Instead of getting benefits, Indonesia can experience overwhelm between the number of professional workers from outside and the use of local workers. whereas, Indonesian unskilled workers are unable to compete at the ASEAN level. This paper uses a qualitative method by collecting documents in a library research. This paper found that Indonesia has high number workforce, but the proportion of non-skilled workers is greater than skilled workers. In order to face the competition of skilled foreign workers in response to the MRA, the Indonesian government has prepared an increase in the quality of education and the implementation of qualifications and efforts to raise awareness of this situation to the community. However, this effort has not been able to run well due to differences in the level of qualifications between education owned by Indonesia and the unequal distribution of related institutions to make efforts to improve the quality of Indonesian workers in all regions of Indonesia
The Discourse of Populist Party: Slovenian Democratic Party (SDS) through the Anti-immigrant Rhetoric
Authors: Rahmadan Yanuar
Published: October 2024

The populist movements have become a global phenomenon and have gotten significant votes in many European countries, such as Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) in Germany, Rassemblement National (RN) in France, and Five Star Movement in Italy. The issues being used by the populist movement mainly fall under two categories: the economic insecurity and the cultural backlash. Globalisation and the internet are contributing to the emergence of the populist movement. The massive coverage provides the populist movement as a symbolisation of “the alternative voice” that challenges the perceived “evil” elites. This article discusses the definition of populism from three different approaches and sees how they are translated into a case study on the Slovenian Democratic Party (SDS). SDS is depicted as the representative of “the Slovenian people” by accentuating the anti-immigrant discourse in their political campaign. The discourse is visible through their posters and slogan. The party also uses alternative media to spread its discourse, especially to attack its political opponents.
Fenomena Shoushika: Analisis Kebijakan Pemerintah Jepang Pada Era Kepemimpinan Shinzo Abe
Authors: Br Karo Mayang Terapulina , Hikmatullah Ihsan , Puteri Maudyta Dwi , Aulia Qotrun Nada , Shafira Nur Safa
Published: October 2024

The Shoushika phenomenon is a decrease of children population in Japan. This issue is caused by the continuing decline in the number of births and the rapid growth of the elderly population. Declining populations and aging populations hava a substantial impact on the Japanese economy and security due to the lack of productive age population to fill employment sectors in Japan. Shoushika also affects Japanese identity as a country that has been known for its ethnically and culturally homogenous people. As the Japanese government forced to employ foreign workers, the ethnic and cultural heritage of Japanese society could slowly fade if the trend of increasing immigrant workers continue to grow. This phenomenon is also feared to have an impact to the harmony and national security of Japan as a state. The Japanese government, particularly in Shinzo Abe’s administration, then established  a policy that was considered to be able to solve Shoushika phenomenon. However, this policy caused a new problem for the Japanese government itself. Therefore, the Japanese government has to reconsider the solution to this matter.
Deutsches Fest 2015 sebagai Sarana Diplomasi Publik Baru Goethe Institut di Indonesia
Authors: Aziz Muhammad Faisal , Affandi R.M.T. Nurhasan , Akim Akim
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
The new public diplomacy is about building relationships with civil society actors residing abroad and facilitating networking between foreign non-governmental parties. The emergence of new actors in new public diplomacy allows the direct involvement of the public in the diplomatic process. Deutsches Fest is a new practice of public diplomacy. This research aims to see the collaboration between Germany and Indonesia through several projects that are part of the Deutsches Fest with reference to the new theory of public diplomacy. The formulation of the problem in this research is 'what are the characteristics of the new public diplomacy in the implementation of the Deutsches Fest?'. This research explains some of the characteristics of new public diplomacy from the study of international relations found in the implementation of the Deutsches Fest. In examining this problem, researchers use qualitative methods through literature studies and online searches. This research shows that there are several characteristics of new public diplomacy through the implementation of the Deutsches Fest. Not only are there new actors in its implementation, the Goethe Institute is also building a nation brand, new ways of delivering communication, and collaborative relationships with the public in Indonesia.
Keywords: New Public Diplomacy, Deutsches Fest, Non-State Actors, New Communication
Dinamika Politik dan Pemerintahan Venezuela di Bawah Kepemimpinan Presiden Nicolas Maduro
Authors: Kunkunrat Kunkunrat , Priangani Ade , Monica Astrid Aulia
Published: October 2024

Venezuela is one of the Latin American countries that have a history of governance dynamics quite complex, ranging from coup attempts, dictatorial leadership to economic and social problems. In this study discussed the dynamics of politics and economics under the leadership of Nicolas Maduro and the policy steps taken in overcoming the problem of the economic crisis which led to the instability of the country. In this study using descriptive research methods and library research data collection techniques, and using the theory of decision-making process by Graham T. Allison to analyze the results of the study. In conclusion, Maduro's leadership tends to use organizational process models or decisions based on the work of the organization/party in determining the direction of policy, both domestic and foreign policy. This was due to the strong influence of Maduro supporters from the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV) party, where the party was a supporter of the previous president, Hugo Chavez. Although Maduro inherited the Chavez leadership style that embraced the socialist system, Maduro was deemed unsuccessful in overcoming the problem of the Venezuelan crisis.
Keterlibatan Farmasi Dunia pada Rencana Singapura dalam Hidup Normal Bersama Covid-19 Tahun 2019-2021
Authors: Anggoro Catur Wisnu
Published: October 2024

Artikel ini berfokus pada strategi penanganan covid-19 di Singapura dan campur tangan farmasi-farmasi dunia akan rencana Singapura yang ingin hidup normal bersama Covid-19. Demi mewujudkan hal ini, Singapura juga meningkatkan kerjasamanya dengan PIPS. Singapura yang unggul dalam penanganan virus ini karena berhasil menggabungkan kompetensi dan keahlian saintifik juga menjadi contoh bagi negara-negara lain yang masih berjuang. Pemerintah Singapura juga menggunakan big data dan artificial intelligence untuk kebutuhan tracing. Selain itu, Singapura juga membeli obat antivirus oral COVID-19 dari Amerika. Singapura yang merupakan negara Asia terbaru yang mendapatkan pasokan tersebut juga menjadi alasan mengapa negara ini dianggap telah berhasil menangani virus ganas tersebut.
Paradiplomasi Provinsi Jawa Barat terhadap Provinsi Sichuan dalam Menanggulangi Pandemi Covid-19 di Jawa Barat
Authors: Suhendrik Suhendrik , Affandi R.M.T. Nurhasan , Sari Deasy Silvya
Published: October 2024

The occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic has created a global health hazard that not only threatens health aspects, but also has an impact on various aspects of the economy, social, education, culture, tourism and so on. As one of the efforts to overcome this, Indonesia and its sub-national entities need to realize synergized and coordinated health diplomacy in order to be able to ensure the health security of citizens. This research was carried out to analyze the paradiplomacy achieved by the Province of West Java and the Province of Sichuan-China in tackling COVID-19. Using a descriptive method, this study presents an analysis of how the Covid-19 Pandemic has become a global security issue that has an impact on various aspects of life, as well as Indonesia's health diplomacy efforts which are supported by the active role of local governments in pursuing para-diplomacy, especially para-diplomacy of West Java Province with the Province of West Java. Sichuan China. From the results of the analysis, it can be described the ways, efforts, and endeavors of the Province of West Java in seizing global opportunities, providing services to local residents, encouraging decentralization, and achieving personal interests.
Diplomasi Vaksin: Upaya Cina dalam Menggunakan Vaksin Covid-19 sebagai Alat Soft-Power
Authors: Irawan Mochammad Ichsan Kamil , Rasyid Faturahman , Fauzie Yusuf , Salsabil Alfin , Salsabila Naqia
Published: October 2024

Non-Traditional Security Studies arise because the threats experienced by countries in the world are no longer based on their military strength. As the case today, where humanity is being hit by a pandemic caused by Coronavirus, which then causes a new disease called Covid-19. This disease indirectly threatens human security, both from a national and international health perspective. Covid-19 has successfully spread throughout the country thanks to the ease of mobility of globalization between citizens. This has led many countries to create a policy that makes them restrict all social activities, even closing accessibility that crosses the country's territorial borders. The absence of a vaccine has made the pandemic even more feared. In the end, China declared that they had succeeded in creating vaccines for Covid-19 and revealed that they would provide assistance in the form of free vaccines for countries in need. This became known as China's Vaccine Diplomacy. However, not a few countries have questioned the main concerns of that, including the East Asia region. The good that China has done through vaccine diplomacy has actually generated doubts about what China is actually trying to achieve, thus leading several other countries, such as the United States, to participate in the vaccine distribution arena. Therefore, this study intends to find out China's real goals in carrying out vaccine diplomacy. By using qualitative research methods, it can be concluded that vaccine diplomacy is indeed used by China as an effort to become a superpower country in the international political constellation.
Analisis Alasan Jepang Bekerjasama dengan Indonesia dalam Proyek Kereta Semi Cepat Jakarta-Surabaya
Authors: Prasodjo Haryo , Rijal Najamuddin Khairur , Efendi Viony Ramadhani , Prakoso Havidz Ageng
Published: October 2024

Using a foreign policy analysis (FPA) approach, this paper describes the two main factors behind Japan's cooperation in the Jakarta-Surabaya higher-speed rail project through the Summary Record On The Java North Line Upgrading Project with Indonesia. First, the domestic factor, where Japan experienced stagnation in economic growth. Second, external factors related to the international system. Namely, Indonesia's economic and political potential in the Southeast Asian region as well as China's influence in Indonesia. As a result of this paper, Japan's high-speed rail technology exports to Indonesia are part of Japan's economic growth strategy. The Jakarta-Surabaya higher-speed rail project is an important part for Japan to affirm its commitment to Indonesia and balance China's influence in Indonesia and Southeast Asia.
Keberhasilan Kebijakan Pemerintah Korea Selatan Dalam Integrasi Migran Korea Utara di Korea Selatan tahun 2020-2021
Authors: Danu Himawan
Published: October 2024

Menggunakan konsep integrasi migran, penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang keberhasilan integrasi migran Korea Utara di Korea Selatan secara sistemik dan nilai. Pertama integrasi sistemik berhasil didorong oleh program edukasi kembali melalui Hanawon, dan bantuan permukiman kembali yang difasilitasi oleh pemerintah, Kedua Korea Hana Foundation sebuah organisasi yang didukung oleh kementerian unifikasi Korea juga berhasil mendorong integrasi nilai dengan membangun hubungan sosial antar masyarakat asli dan migran Korea Utara, selain dalam hubungan sosial Korea Hana Foundation juga bertugas sebagai penanda integrasi migran Korea Utara. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan, keberhasilan pemerintah Korea Selatan dalam menangani masalah integrasi, meningkatkan partisipasi migran Korea Utara dalam aktifitas perekonomian negara,sebagian besar dari mereka merasa telah hidup lebih sejahtera dari sebelum mereka bermigrasi ke Korea Selatan.
Hubungan Tiongkok dan ASEAN: Upaya Tiongkok menjadi Kekuatan Hegemon di Asia Tenggara
Authors: Raihan Alfi  , Fakhri Sabiq Muawal  , Galih Arjuna Ismail
Published: October 2024

China has turned into one of the most powerful countries in the world or "Great Powers" which has a vision to become a hegemonic country. Southeast Asia as China's backyard was the beginning of China's expansion to the world. China-ASEAN relations are very important because ASEAN is a strategic partner of China in trade cooperation. ASEAN can be a profitable companion for China in spreading its influence to the world. However, it is not that easy for ASEAN to support and assist China in achieving it. China spreads its influence through political, economic, socio-cultural and military aspects. In each of these aspects, China has a clear and measured strategy to implement it in order to achieve hegemony in Southeast Asia. The growth and rising of China into a great power is a testament to the massive effort made by China. This study analyzes the China-ASEAN relations in the efforts made by China with ASEAN. The author uses qualitative research methods with literature study to obtain various sources about China-ASEAN relations. It is undeniable that slowly China has become a new hegemon. This is evidenced by the massive influence of China in all aspects, especially the economy and military, which will slowly change the status quo in the international system.
Upaya Pemerintah Provinsi Riau dalam Menangani Kasus Kebakaran Hutan Riau berdasarkan ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution
Authors: Dian Novita Dewi
Published: October 2024

This research discusses the efforts of the Riau Provincial Government in raising awareness among the local community to prevent forest and land fires, which have become a serious issue in the Southeast Asian region. Grounded in the theories of compliance, neoliberal institutionalism, and the concept of international regimes, this study reveals that Indonesia, as the main actor in the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution (AATHP), has made efforts to comply with the agreement. Preventive measures against forest and land fires involve the central and local governments, as well as the active participation of local communities. Education and socialization programs about the dangers of forest and land fires, relevant regulations, and their negative impacts are crucial components of the prevention strategy. Furthermore, private companies such as Asian Agri and PT SRL play a significant role in supporting these prevention programs. The research findings indicate that despite numerous efforts, the issues of forest fires and transboundary air pollution remain serious concerns in the Southeast Asian region. AATHP, as a binding legal framework for Indonesia, requires more extensive and sustainable efforts to achieve the desired goals of preventing transboundary air pollution. Community awareness and cooperation between government, private entities, and NGOs will be key to addressing this issue.
Tinjauan Filosofis; Konsekuensialisme Hubungan Internasional dalam Fenomena Pembatalan Pembelian Kapal Selam oleh Australia dan Prancis berdasarkan Perjanjian Trirateral AUKUS
Authors: Utriya Amanda
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper uses the philosophical reflection approach of consequentialism with the support of securitization theory to look at the specific phenomenon of Australia's cancellation of submarine purchases from France under the AUKUS trilateral agreement. The focus of this paper highlights how Australia's decision is viewed from the perspective of consequentialism, which assesses actions based on their consequences. The journal uses a qualitative method with a literature study as the source of literature. The results of writing on this case are considered important because they show how national security and geopolitical considerations influence state decisions in the context of international relations. Australia's considerations and the impacts that must be faced return to the interest of maintaining the stability of the Indo-Pacific region through strategic policies despite having to face the degradation of diplomatic relations with France as a form of consequence and responsibility through the payment of fines.
 
Keywords: Australia; AUKUS; France; Sumbarine
 
Abstrak
 
Penulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan refleksi filosofis konsekuensialisme dengan dukungan teori sekuritisasi untuk melihat fenomena khusus nya dalam pembatalan pembelian kapal selam oleh Australia dari Prancis berdasarkan perjanjian trilateral AUKUS. Fokus penulisan ini menyoroti bagaimana keputusan Australia dipandang dari sudut pandang konsekuensialisme, yang menilai tindakan berdasarkan konsekuensi atau akibatnya. Penulisan jurnal menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan studi kepustakaan sebagai sumber literatur. Hasil penulisan pada kasus ini dianggap penting karena menunjukkan bagaimana pertimbangan keamanan nasional dan geopolitik mempengaruhi keputusan negara dalam konteks hubungan internasional. Pertimbangan Australia beserta dampak yang harus dihadapi kembali kepada kepentingan untuk menjaga stabilitas kawasan Indo-Pasifik melalui kebijakan strategis walaupun harus menghadapi degradasi hubungan diplomasi bersama Prancis sebagai bentuk konsekuensi dan tanggung jawab melalui pembayaran denda.
 
Kata kunci:  Australia; AUKUS; Kapal Selam; Prancis
Point Load Strength Index and Slake Durability Index of Marbles from the Kanti Highway, Central Nepal LesserHimalaya
Authors: Bhatta Nisha , Tamrakar Naresh Kazi
Published: October 2024

Point Load Strength Index (PLSI) is determined to obtain the strength of the rock, while Slake Durability Index (SDI) offers quantitative data on the mechanical behavior of rocks exposed to cyclic wetting and drying. This study aims to find out such index properties of marbles from the Markhu Formation of Central Nepal, Lesser Himalaya. The study of the strength and durability of marbles is crucial to classifying strength and identifying resistance to weathering, deterioration patterns, and rock quality. Fresh rock samples were collected from 20 different locations within the Markhu Formation, exposed across the Kanti Highway. The SDI and PLSI tests were carried out. The study reveals that the PLSI ranges from 2.54 to 9.08 MPa, and the test samples belong to strong to very strong rock categories according to the calculated value of UCS, indicating that the marbles from the Markhu Formation are of good quality and are strong enough to withstand the load, contributing to rock mass quality. The marbles have extremely high second cycle SDI (Id2) of 98.92% to 99.50%, and therefore, a high resistance to the wetting and drying cycle, showing slow slaking behavior. Between the second and the fifth cycle, SDI (Id5) was deduced by about 1%. It implies that the marbles are highly resistant to weathering and erosion. Marble shows two kinds of disintegration after the second cycle and deteriorates under three types of patterns under five cycles.
Factors predicting the level of vaccine protection against hepatitis B virus infection among physicians and nurses in Šabac, Serbia
Authors: Vasić Slobodanka Bogdanović , Svitlica Branislava Brestovački , Milutinović Dragana , Stevanović Goran , Maletić Jelena Stojčević , Savić Nikola , Aranđelović Branimirka , Ružić Maja
Published: October 2024

As healthcare workers run a high and constant occupational risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection through exposure to biological material, vaccination is mandatory as well as the monitoring of antibody levels one to two months after complete immunisation. The aim of this descriptive cross-sectional study was to determine HBV vaccine coverage of 200 primary and secondary healthcare workers (100 each) from Šabac, Serbia and their blood anti-HBs titre. We also wanted to identify factors that could predict the titre. Anti-HBV vaccination covered all participants, of whom 89.5 % were fully vaccinated, and 85 % had a protective antibody titre. We found a statistically significant association between antibody titre and the number of received vaccine doses, chronic jaundice, autoimmune disease, and cancer in our participants. The fact that 15 % did not achieve the protective antibody titre confirms the necessity of its control after immunisation, which is not routinely carried out in most countries, Serbia included. It is, therefore, necessary to develop a detailed strategy for monitoring vaccination and serological status of healthcare workers in order to improve their safety at work. An important role should also be given to continuous education of healthcare workers from the beginning of schooling to the end of their professional career.
Justice sensitivity among nurses and physiotherapists in a Croatian rehabilitation hospital
Authors: Canjuga Irena , Sakač Dragana , Sajko Melita , Arapović Marija , Vuković Dijana , Hunjet Anica , Herak Ivana
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate and compare justice sensitivity between self-perceived beneficiaries, victims, and observers in a sample of 90 healthcare workers (nurses and physiotherapists) at the Varaždinske Toplice Special Medical Rehabilitation Hospital, Croatia. For this purpose we used a questionnaire consisting of demographic data and the Croatian version of the justice sensitivity inventory developed by Schmitt. Regardless of its limitations, our study clearly shows that healthcare professionals at Varaždinske Toplice are most sensitive to injustice from the beneficiary’s perspective, that is, as persons who personally benefitted from injustice, although they may not have been instrumental to this effect. They are less sensitive to injustice perceived on the outside (observer’s perspective) or to injustice suffered by themselves (victim’s perspective). Another important finding is that participants of female gender, rural residence, and nurses (who are all women) are significantly more sensitive to injustice, whereas age and marital status do not seem to contribute to justice sensitivity. Future research should investigate the perception of injustice over a longer timeframe and involve all healthcare workers. It could also address different approaches to management, especially in terms of worker rewards and career advancement. Qualitative research among healthcare workers could provide a broader and clearer idea of social injustice at their workplace.
Urine levels of nicotine and its metabolites in young population exposed to second-hand smoke in nightclubs: a pilot study
Authors: Zečić Antonia , Vazdar Bernarda , Slišković Livia , Sutlović Davorka
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the extent of second-hand smoke exposure in younger population visiting nightclubs in Croatia by comparing the levels of nicotine and its main metabolites cotinine and trans-3′-hydroxycotinine (3HC) in urine samples taken from 22 participants before and after spending about three hours in a nightclub, stratified by smoking status (smokers and non-smokers). The samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction and analysed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The presence of nicotine, cotinine, and 3HC was confirmed in all urine samples. Their median concentrations significantly differed between the two measurements in non-smokers. Our findings show that even a three-hour exposure to second-hand smoke can significantly increase the levels of nicotine and its metabolites in urine, which are indicative of exposure to other, harmful tobacco smoke substances. They also call for raising awareness of the health risks of exposure to second-hand smoke in the general population and among individuals who frequent nightclubs in particular.
Difference between hand and forearm transepidermal water loss and skin pH as an improved method to biomonitor occupational hand eczema: our findings in healthcare workers
Authors: Babić Željka , Šakić Franka , Rapić Iva Japudžić , Lugović-Mihić Liborija , Macan Jelena
Published: October 2024

The aim of this cross-sectional field study was to establish the condition of hand and forearm skin barrier among dentists and physicians and how it may be associated with personal and work-related factors. The study consisted of an occupational questionnaire, clinical examination of skin on hands, and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and pH measurements on hands and forearms. The participants were divided in the following groups (N=37 each, N=148 in total): physicians, medical surgeons, dentists, and dental surgeons. We calculated the difference between hand and forearm TEWL and pH (ΔTEWL and ΔpH, respectively) and divided it by the forearm values (ΔTEWL% and ΔpH%, respectively). There was a clear trend of increasing median ΔTEWL%, starting from physicians with non-surgical specialisation (56 %) to medical surgeons (65 %), dentists (104 %), and dental surgeons (108 %), with the latter two groups showing particularly worrisome signs of work-related skin barrier impairment, since they had double the TEWL on hands than on forearms. Although less prominent, the same worsening trend was noted for skin pH, with dental surgeons having on average a 0.3 points higher skin pH on hands than on forearms. These findings were mainly associated with prolonged glove use and male sex. Our findings also suggest that comparing TEWL and pH between hands and forearms can better establish occupational skin barrier impairment on hands.
Urban Acupuncture as Recovery Approach to Improving the Liveability of Neighbourhoods Affected by Beirut Port Explosion
Authors: Dikmak Aya , Farahat Baher , Mohsen Hiba
Published: October 2024

Following the port explosion in 2020, Beirut witnessed an unprecedented crisis, revealing the incompetence of its development plans and promoting the emergence of new approaches to improve liveability in damaged areas. Currently, urban planning has shifted from the traditional focus on large-scale interventions to the focus on flexible and adaptive small-scale interventions, especially in financially weak areas. Inspired by traditional Chinese medicine, urban acupuncture (UA) exemplifies this shift through localized interventions aimed at revitalizing cities by simulating their energy. This paper aims to investigate the potential of implementing UA as a recovery approach in Rmeil neighbourhood, heavily impacted by the explosion, to improve its liveability. By analysing and comparing two international examples, the paper highlights the interventions used to activate the urban context. It finally proposes six strategic interventions and ten key actions tailored to achieve social, economic, and environmental results in Rmeil with less effort. This paper represents the foundation for implementing urban acupuncture on a broader level in Beirut and other spots in Lebanon.
Examination of Outdoor Lighting Design Principles: The Case of Istanbul Lounge
Authors: Adın Muhammed Sefa , Caymaz Gökçen Firdevs Yücel
Published: October 2024

Outdoor lighting design is the process of planning and implementing lighting in outdoor areas. This design usually focuses on factors such as aesthetics, safety and functionality. A correct outdoor lighting design ensures the safety of the space and improves the atmosphere by increasing night use. The placement of lighting fixtures is a critical factor for the success of this design. This study aims to provide inspiration for similar housing projects by analysing the successful principles of outdoor lighting design of Istanbul Lounge housing estate and suggesting inappropriate principles. Within the scope of the study, international sources on the subject were reviewed, and it was determined that the lighting design principles cover the lighting of space, comfort, emergency, security, landscape, plant materials, sculpture, architectural structures, signboards, walkways, stairs and water elements. These principles are discussed in the example of Istanbul Lounge, and their effects on the general atmosphere of the site, user experience and visual comfort are analysed. Outdoor lighting design has been handled in a holistic manner covering the roads, gardens, playgrounds and common areas throughout the site. The applied examples of all lighting design principles were identified, and a checklist based on their equivalents in the literature was created and evaluated on a five-point Likert scale and suggestions were made for the inappropriate sections. As a result, it is seen that outdoor lighting design criteria are handled in a wide range, and these principles are successfully applied in the example of Istanbul Lounge housing estate.
Perceptions of Change and Migration Aspirations
Authors: Horzsa Gergely
Published: October 2024

Based on a series of qualitative fieldwork in peripheral rural settlements of Hungary, this paper aims to explore the intertwined nature of development and migration by developing a theory-based methodology as a tool. Specifically, the goal is to understand how personal perceptions of local changes are connected to outwards mobility aspirations of rural dwellers. The series of fieldwork, conducted in 8 remote villages of Hungary in the period of 2014–2019 along with the 163, verbatim-transcribed semi-structured and in-depth interviews specifically engaged in understanding changes and migration goals, sets the ground for a detailed investigation of the topic. During the analytical process, a theory-based system is provided for the categorisation of respondents into migration aspiration groups. Differences and similarities based on personal perceptions of social change are then analysed in this distinction. Results show that both voluntary mobile and involuntary immobile people regard local changes as deterioration and development programmes as unsatisfactory, with the former group speaking in relative, contextual terms and the latter with the terminology of invariability, fixedness and hopelessness. Conversely, voluntary immobile respondents regard local changes as positive enabling (though not facilitating) factors of their desire to stay, while understanding their ineffective nature on local economy in general. This paper argues (im)mobility aspirations to be determined by similar freedom-maximizing strategies in all mobility groups, with different forms of freedom being preferred by the different groups. Consequently, to reach the goals of decreasing the depopulation of the countryside, public development policies are expected to enhance the forms of freedom preferred by people who desire to stay.
Unveiling the Resources of Digital Pioneers: an Agency Perspective on Digital Social Innovation in Rural Germany
Authors: Mettenberger Tobias , Binder Julia , Zscherneck Julia
Published: October 2024

Rural digitalisation is often approached from a structural research perspective, focusing on broadband infrastructure and socio-economic contextual conditions. Such perspectives tend to neglect the agency of individual and collective actors in these areas. Our comparative case study addresses this gap by focusing on Digital Pioneers in two structurally different rural regions in Germany. Our analysis of 40 semi-structured qualitative interviews with selected pioneers is based on the research question of how these key actors access resources to realise digital social innovation. A categorization of our data shows three general patterns: Access to motivational resources on an individual level, access to network-based resources through various types of social relationships, as well as access to region-based resources by analytically linking agency and socio-spatial contextual conditions. We conclude that Digital Pioneers can become intermediary key players in regional governance constellations. At the same time, additional policy support or reversion is needed to facilitate access to network- and region-based resources in particular.
Tourism Reactivation in Extremadura (Spain): Post-Covid Analysis of Inland Destinations
Authors: Rodríguez Nerea Ríos , Alonso Gema Cárdenas , Masot Ana Nieto
Published: October 2024

The research analyses the tourism situation in Extremadura (Spain) in recent years to assess whether the COVID-19 pandemic has been an opportunity to revitalise these destinations. An analysis was carried out at the municipal level using contextual variables and tourism indicators obtained from surveys of the National Institute of Statistics. The data were processed and compared using Geographic Information Systems, allowing for a spatial and temporal assessment. The results provide a detailed overview of the current state of tourism in the municipalities of Extremadura, determining whether pre-pandemic levels of activity have been recovered and identifying the municipalities with significant improvements in their tourism potential during the period studied.
From Agricultural Station to Rural Lab: Sa Granja, an Innovative Center for Agricultural Research, Training, and Cooperation on the Island Of Menorca
Authors: Pastrana-Huguet Josep , Casado-Claro Maria-Francisca
Published: October 2024

We are at a turning point towards more sustainable socio-economic systems that will shape the future of the agri-food sector by configuring improved production models. This article contends that research, experimentation, vocational training, and cooperation are essential to carry out the transformations needed. To support this contention, this article assesses the evolution of Sa Granja from its creation in Menorca in 1922 until today and its transformation from a General Agricultural Station to a Rural Lab in line with the “living lab” model. It also explores the reasons that made Sa Granja become a benchmark for innovation and training and its contribution to Menorcan agriculture as well as to the transition to a more sustainable agriculture. Finally, some best practices that can be applied elsewhere are highlighted.