bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exceptional atmospheric conditions in June 2023 generated a northwest European marine heatwave which contributed to breaking land temperature records
Authors: Berthou Ségolène , Renshaw Richard , Smyth Tim , Tinker Jonathan , Grist Jeremy P. , Wihsgott Juliane Uta , Jones Sam , Inall Mark , Nolan Glenn , Berx Barbara , Arnold Alex , Blunn Lewis P. , Castillo Juan Manuel , Cotterill Daniel , Daly Eoghan , Dow Gareth , Gómez Breogán , Fraser-Leonhardt Vivian , Hirschi Joel J.-M. , Lewis Huw W. , Mahmood Sana , Worsfold Mark
Published: May 2024

The Northwest European shelf experienced unprecedented surface temperature anomalies in June 2023 (anomalies up to 5 °C locally, north of Ireland). Here, we show the shelf average underwent its longest recorded category II marine heatwave (16 days). With state-of-the-art observation and modelling capabilities, we show the marine heatwave developed quickly due to strong atmospheric forcing (high level of sunshine, weak winds, tropical air) and weak wave activity under anticyclonic weather regimes. Once formed, this shallow marine heatwave fed back on the weather: over the sea it reduced cloud cover and over land it contributed to breaking June mean temperature records and to enhanced convective rainfall through stronger, warmer and moister sea breezes. This marine heatwave was intensified by the last 20-year warming trend in sea surface temperatures. Such sea surface temperatures are projected to become commonplace by the middle of the century under a high greenhouse gas emission scenario.
Fermented Yak-Kong using Bifidobacterium animalis derived from Korean infant intestine effectively relieves muscle atrophy in an aging mouse model
Authors: Yang Seung Hee , Yang Hee , Ahn Byeong Min , Lee Sung-Young , Lee Seon Joo , Kim Jin Soo , Koo Young Tae , Lee Chang Hyung , Kim Jong Hun , Yoon Park Jung Han , Jang Young Jin , Lee Ki Won
Published: May 2024

FYK has the potential as a functional food or pharmaceutical ingredient for addressing muscle atrophy. Through cell and animal model experiments, FYK demonstrated significant effects in alleviating muscle loss and improving muscle function.
Reconstructing perspectives: investigating how molecular geometry cards (MGCards) and molecular model building (MMB) disrupt students' alternative notions of molecular structure – a qualitative study
Authors: Erlina  , Williams Dylan P. , Cane Chris , Hairida  , Ulfah Maria , Wafiq Azwa F.
Published: May 2024

The range of abstract concepts encountered when learning chemistry and the inability of students to make connections between the macroscopic, sub-microscopic, and symbolic representations, used in chemistry teaching, are believed to be the main reasons for students’ difficulty when learning chemistry. Prediction and determination of molecular geometry using the theory of valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) is a sample of the abstract concept that is hard to understand by students who learn chemistry. Students may comprehend these ideas better if the learning process is supplemented with cutting-edge, interactive learning aids. To address the conceptual difficulties that students encounter when learning how to predict the shapes of molecules, a card game (MGCards) has been developed which is supported by simple molecular model building (MMB). The card game allows students to work through the steps required to predict the shape of a molecule in an engaging format. The student learning process is supported by feedback at all stages (if students make a mistake, they receive hints that will help them in the next step of the game). Action research with qualitative methods has been used to design, develop, and evaluate the MGCards. The MGCards and MMB were piloted at the University of Leicester with year one Natural Sciences students and modified based on the feedback received. Both MGCards and MMB were then used as part of the first-year chemistry education programme at Tanjungpura University in Indonesia. The findings of students’ answer analysis (pre- and post-test) in both cycles showed that students had a better understanding after learning with MGCards and MMB. The positive feedback for MGCards and MMB confirmed that these resources were effective in delivering an engaging learning experience. The results suggest that MGCards and MMB play a significant role in enhancing students’ understanding while also keeping them engaged.
Electrochemical sensors based on molecularly imprinted polymers for the detection of chlorophenols as emergent distributing chemicals (EDCs): a review
Authors: Kamel Ayman H. , Abd-Rabboh Hisham S. M.
Published: May 2024

A representation of the electrochemical MOP-based sensors' preparation process, signal augmentation, and transduction method.
Design and synthesis of versatile ligand precursors based on phosphonium ylides for palladalactam formation and catalytic investigation
Authors: Kao Cheng-Po , Lee Jhen-Yi , Tang Min-Cheng , Lee Hon Man
Published: May 2024

A novel series of ligand precursors for palladalactams has been developed. A synthesized palladalactam with an electron-donating PEt3 moiety shows promising catalytic activity in Mizoroki–Heck coupling, supported by theoretical calculations.
Exploring catalytic degradation of environmental fenamiphos by yeast enolase cross-linked with COOH-functionalized silver nanoparticles
Authors: Ali Sikander , Maqsood Rabab , Ahmad Muhammad Usman , Ahmad Ishtiaq , Hussain Zahid , Naveed Ammar , Javed Muhammad Ammar , Zahid Aqsa , Aftab Muhammad Nauman , Ali Baber , Rizwana Humaira , Elshikh Mohamed Soliman
Published: May 2024

This study investigated the sustainable hydrolysis of the neurotoxic organophosphate insecticide fenamiphos using enolase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae FN6-01.
Multicolor and multimodal luminescence in an Er3+ single-doped double perovskite for advanced anti-counterfeiting and encryption
Authors: Li Sixia , Zhang Peng , Wang Zhenbing , Yang Yuzhu , Miao Xuan , Liu Weisheng
Published: May 2024

The Er3+ single-doped NaGdTi1.8Al0.2O6 double perovskite material achieves multicolor luminescence, afterglow, and upconversion emission by responding to several types of excitation ranging from UV to NIR and thermal disturbance.
Room-temperature synthesis of nonstoichiometric copper sulfide (Cu2−xS) for sodium ion storage
Authors: Tang Zhiwen , Pan Yuede , Zhao Qianrui , Cao Yiming , Su Chenying , Gao Peng , Liu Zonghang , Chen Yanxia , Li Gang , Wang Qin , Yang Zhewei , Guo Chunli , Wang Kaiying
Published: May 2024

Nonstoichiometric copper sulfide (Cu2−xS), which was surprisingly prepared by using excess sulfide ions to react with copper ions in aqueous solution, exhibited superior sodium ion storage performance to CuS.
Mechanistic insight into the borrowing hydrogen reaction catalysed by a Pd MLC catalyst: unveiling the ligand-to-ligand hydrogen transfer pathway
Authors: Li Lan-Yu , Hou Cheng
Published: May 2024

This theoretical study unveils a novel ligand-to-ligand hydrogen transfer mechanism in the borrowing hydrogen reaction.
Strategic defect control of perovskite nanocrystallites with octylammonium iodide toward efficient red perovskite light-emitting diodes with high operative stability
Authors: Han Seo Yeon , Do Jung Jae , Jung Jae Woong
Published: May 2024

Octylammonium iodide (OIAI) incorporated into pure-red PeLEDs with high EQE and narrow bandwidth, along with high operative stability.
An overview of the unstable and irreversible lithium metal anode-related issues in nonaqueous Li–O2/air batteries
Authors: Li Zhengang , Wu Xiaohong , Wang Junhao , Zhang Haitang , Qin Yaru , Qiao Yu , Sun Shi-Gang
Published: May 2024

The shuttle effects originating from the practical air environment and operation process (electro-reduced oxygen species, redox mediators) on Li-metal reshapes the solid-electrolyte-interphase of Li-surface and causes Li-anode failure.
Toward high-power terahertz radiation sources based on ultrafast lasers
Authors: Choi Won Jin , Armstrong Michael R. , Yoo Jae Hyuck , Lee Taeil
Published: May 2024

A breakthrough to achieve high-power THz sources is needed. This review covers recent advancements in laser-based THz generation, specifically using ultrafast lasers.
Target recognition in diverse synthetic aperture radar image datasets with low size weight and power processing hardware
Authors: Lane Richard O. , Holmes Wendy J. , Lamont‐Smith Timothy
Published: May 2024

This paper studies the performance of target detection and classification algorithms applied to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. We describe a process to merge measured environmental SAR scene images with target image chips to produce a large dataset for training deep learning algorithms. Three algorithms, RetinaNet, EfficientDet, and YOLOv5, were trained using a powerful cloud server. Performance at inference time, in terms of speed and accuracy, was tested on both the cloud server and a low size weight and power (SWAP) single board computer. YOLOv5 was found to be the most accurate and fastest algorithm on the cloud server but the slowest on the low‐SWAP device. RetinaNet and EfficientDet produced operationally useful throughput on the low‐SWAP device for surveillance applications, with RetinaNet having the higher accuracy. Further qualitative analysis of algorithm performance on additional data with different characteristics highlighted the importance of gathering relevant training data and carrying out suitable pre‐processing steps.
Experimental verification of temperature effects on functional parameters in a line start permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Baranski Mariusz , Demenko Andrzej , Szelag Wojciech , Lyskawinski Wieslaw
Published: May 2024

The paper deals with the finite element (FE) analysis of the temperature influence on functional parameters of the line start permanent magnet synchronous motor (LSPMSM). The two‐dimensional (2D) FE model of coupled electromagnetic and thermal phenomena in the LSPMSM was described. The non‐linearity of the magnetic circuit and the influence of temperature on the magnetic properties of permanent magnets, as well as on the electric and thermal properties of the materials, have been considered. To analyse the effect of temperature on the functional parameters of a line start permanent magnet synchronous motor, in‐house software was elaborated. The simulation results were validated by measurements of the prototype motor on a specially designed and constructed measuring test stand. The results of the research on experimental verification of temperature effects on functional parameters in the LSPMSM were presented, and the conclusions resulting therefrom have been formulated.
Gene signatures of endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitophagy for prognostic risk prediction in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lin Xiong , Yang Miaoling , Huang Yuanling , Huang Xiaoli , Shi Huibo , Chen Binbin , Kang Jianle , Ke Sunkui
Published: May 2024

Genes associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and mitophagy can be conducive to predicting solid tumour prognosis. The authors aimed to develop a prognosis prediction model for these genes in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Relevant gene expression and clinical information were collected from public databases including Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). A total of 265 differentially expressed genes was finally selected (71 up‐regulated and 194 downregulated) in the LUAD dataset. Among these, 15 candidate ERS and mitophagy genes (ATG12, CSNK2A1, MAP1LC3A, MAP1LC3B, MFN2, PGAM5, PINK1, RPS27A, SQSTM1, SRC, UBA52, UBB, UBC, ULK1, and VDAC1) might be critical to LUAD based on the expression analysis after crossing with the ERS and mitochondrial autophagy genes. The prediction model demonstrated the ability to effectively predict the 5‐, 3‐, and 1‐year prognoses of LUAD patients in both GEO and TCGA databases. Moreover, high VDAC1 expression was associated with poor overall survival in LUAD (p < 0.001), suggesting it might be a critical gene for LUAD prognosis prediction. Overall, the prognosis model based on ERS and mitophagy genes in LUAD can be useful for evaluating the prognosis of patients with LUAD, and VDAC1 may serve as a promising biomarker for LUAD prognosis.
Combining reinforcement learning algorithm and genetic algorithm to solve the traveling salesman problem
Authors: Ruan Yaqi , Cai Weihong , Wang Jiaying
Published: May 2024

With the growing recognition of the unique advantages of reinforcement learning and genetic algorithms in addressing combinatorial optimization problems, this study aims to integrate these two methods to collectively tackle the classic combinatorial optimization challenge of the travelling salesman problem (TSP). The TSP stands as a quintessential combinatorial optimization challenge, tasked with determining the shortest path among designated cities. This paper introduces an innovative approach by amalgamating reinforcement learning's path selection prowess with genetic algorithms' global search strategy, aiming to uncover superior solutions in TSP. Specifically, the experiment employs a dual Q‐learning algorithm within reinforcement learning to identify multiple optimal paths, serving as progenitors for the genetic algorithm to further enhance performance. The paper meticulously outlines the problem modelling process, elucidating TSP instance definitions, descriptions, and precise objective function definitions. Experimental findings underscore the substantial enhancements achievable in TSP optimization through this comprehensive approach, offering a fresh perspective and methodology for tackling combinatorial optimization challenges.
Silicon effect on sintered and tempered Fe-Mo-Si-C steel microstructure and mechanical property
Authors: Kallaya Natchanon , Wanalerkngam Arisara , Boonmee Sarum , Tosangthum Nattaya , Yotkaew Thanyaporn , Morakotjinda Monnapas , Tongsri Ruangdaj
Published: May 2024

Silicon carbide was employed as a source of silicon and carbon to produce sintered silicon steels, offering the advantages of silicon addition. This work explored the effects of low SiC contents of 1.0 and 2.0 wt.% on as-sintered and as-tempered microstructures and mechanical properties of sintered silicon steels. The experimental sintered steels were produced from mixtures of pre-alloyed Fe-1.50Mo and SiC powder. The mixtures were compacted to tensile bars, sintered at 1553 K for 2.7 ks, and cooled at 9.0 K/s with N2. Sintered specimens were tempered at 873 K and held for different times. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the sintered and tempered specimens were characterized. It was revealed that the sintered silicon-bearing steels showed low temperature phase transformations under cooling at 9.0 K/s. The sintered steel produced by 1.0 wt.% SiC addition had degenerate upper bainite microstructure and its tempered microstructure was upper bainite. The sintered steel produced by 2.0 wt.% SiC addition had a microstructure consisting of bainitic-ferrite plates, martensite plates, and austenite blocks. Its tempered microstructure was upper bainite. The tempered microstructures resembled those of sintered Si-free Fe-Mo-C steels. Tempered specimens exhibited tensile strength higher but elongation lower than sintered ones attributed to carbide precipitation strengthening.
More than 20 procedures are necessary to learn small bowel capsule endoscopy: Learning curve pilot study of 535 trainee cases
Authors: Nielsen Anders Bo , Jensen Michael Dam , Brodersen Jacob Broder , Kjeldsen Jens , Laursen Christian B. , Konge Lars , Laursen Stig Borbjerg
Published: May 2024

Background and study aims The number of procedures needed to acquire a sufficient level of skills to perform an unassisted evaluation of small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) is unknown. We aimed to establish learning curves, diagnostic accuracy, and the number of procedures needed for reviewing small bowel capsule endoscopies unassisted.

Methods An expert panel developed a 1-day course including lessons (examination, anatomy, and pathology) and hands-on training. After completing the course, participants received 50 cases in a randomized sequence. An interactive questionnaire about landmarks, findings, and diagnosis followed each case. After submitting the questionnaire, participants received feedback. Data are presented using CUSUM (cumulative sum control chart) learning curves and sensitivity/specificity analyses compared with expert opinions.

Results We included 22 gastroenterologists from 11 different Danish hospitals. A total of 535 cases were reviewed (mean: 28; range: 11–50). CUSUM plots demonstrated learning progression for diagnosis and findings during the course, but none of the participants reached a learning plateau with sufficient competencies. The sensitivity for all findings was 65% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.51–0.82) for the first 20 procedures and 67% (95% CI 0.58–0.73) from case 21 until completion or dropout. The specificity was 63% (95% CI 0.52–0.74) for the first 20 procedures and 57% (95% CI 0.37–0.77) for the rest.

Conclusions Our data indicate that learning SBCE may be more difficult than previously recognized due to low discriminative abilities after 20 cases except for the identification of CD. This indicates that 20 SBCE cases may not be sufficient to achieve competency for reviewing SBCE without supervision.
Efficacy of Mechanical Thrombectomy in Preventing Post-Thrombotic Syndrome in Acute DVT: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Philip Vinoth Kumar , Yasir Mohamed B.
Published: May 2024

Background Lower limb deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is associated with significant morbidity and death. DVT can result in complications such as postphlebitic syndrome, pulmonary embolism, and death. Combining pretest probability, D-dimer testing, and compression ultrasound imaging enables a safe and convenient study of suspected lower-extremity thrombosis. This study aimed to assess the expanding body of research supporting thrombectomy as a form of DVT therapy.

Materials and Methods A retrospective study was performed on individuals with venous Doppler-confirmed DVT and occlusive thrombus. Four-hundred fifty-one consecutive patients were selected for the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In this investigation, thrombectomy was the preferred therapeutic approach.

Results The study reports a male predominance of 56.1%. Most patients (25.7%) were between the age of 51 and 60, with 84.7% reporting pain and lower-extremity swelling as the two most common clinical symptoms. The femoral vein was noted as the most frequent site of thrombus in the current research (51.0%), with acute DVT accounting for most cases (85.1%). Most of the patients (97.3%) were primarily asymptomatic after one year of follow-up.

Conclusion Thrombectomy is a reliable treatment modality for DVT patients in regaining venous patency, preventing DVT recurrence, treating post-thrombotic syndrome, and preventing pulmonary embolism.
Anomalies of Midbrain Hindbrain Development: Midbrain Clefts, Cerebellar Nodular Heterotopia with Overlying Dysgenesis, Cerebellar Foliation Disorder, Pontine Tegmental Cap Dysplasia; Joubert Syndrome; Lhermitte Duclos Syndrome. Diagnosis, Classification and Rehabilitation Hypothesis
Authors: Campo Ersilia , Dierna Federica , Zanghì Antonio , Vecchio Michele , Salafia Stefania , Foti Pietro , David Emanuele , Belfiore Giuseppe , Lavalle Salvatore , Ruggieri Martino , Polizzi Agata
Published: May 2024

Midbrain and hindbrain (MBHB) malformations are a rare group of congenital abnormalities that involve the neural structure of the posterior cranial fossa, leading to significant causes of neurodevelopmental dysfunction. Recent advancements in genetic and neuroimaging technologies have significantly enhanced our understanding of these disorders. The integration of these advances has facilitated a systematic classification of these conditions. A basic understanding of MBHB embryology is fundamental in order to understand the malformations occurring in their structures: MBHB neurons are mainly generated in the neuroepithelium, lining the walls of the fourth ventricle. Moreover, the regional specificity of the neural tube is determined by a combination of transcription factors expressed, organizing the fate of the neighboring regions as well. Clinical features of MBHB malformations are typically nonspecific; some patients may be asymptomatic or may develop neurological symptoms including hypotonia, ataxia, abnormal eye movements, decreased visual attention, cranial nerve deficits, cognitive impairment, and psychiatric symptoms. Many malformations have been described. We proposed the description of some of them, reporting their main morphologic aspects, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) peculiar signs and their clinical presentation. Midbrain clefts, for example, are malformations characterized by median separation in the ventral midbrain which involves a communication with the cerebral aqueduct giving a “keyhole” shape. Pontine tegmental cap dysplasia, instead, is a rare hindbrain malformation responsible for a nonprogressive neurological disorder and is described with hypoplastic flat ventral pons, hypoplasia of the middle cerebellar peduncles, and hypoplasia and malformation of the worm. Joubert syndrome, cerebellar nodular heterotopia, abnormal cerebellar foliation, and Lhermitte–Duclos disease, also called dysplastic cerebellar gangliocytoma, have been described as well in order to provide a general overview on this diagnostic challenge reporting the most recent findings.
A Retrospective Study of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Clinical and Treatment Outcome
Authors: Madhu Megha , Saldanha Marina , Bhat Vadish , Aroor Rajeshwary
Published: May 2024

Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is an uncommon disease endemic to Southern China, Southeast Asia, North Africa, and the Arctic. It is uncommon in southern India, and hence its treatment outcome and prognosis are not widely studied in these areas. In this study, our primary objective was to document the clinical presentation of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in southern India and to analyze the response to treatment and follow-up.

Materials and Methods The study is an institutional-based retrospective study including 26 patients with histology-proven nasopharyngeal carcinoma from January 2011 to December 2017. All patients were treated with standard protocol of intensity modulated radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy. Data on patient demographics, clinical presentation, treatment, and follow-up were analyzed.

Results The median age at presentation in our study was 53.5 years. The most common histopathology subtype was nonkeratinizing undifferentiated carcinoma (65%). Nodal metastasis was the most common clinical presentation seen in 88% of the patients. Post-treatment, distant metastasis to the iliac bone, lung, liver, and spleen was seen in two patients. Complete remission was achieved in 65%, whereas three patients developed recurrence after the completion of treatment. Five-year progression-free survival was 69%.

Conclusion Nasopharyngeal carcinoma has a good response to concurrent chemoradiation. Long-term follow-up and planning surveillance strategies are essential post-treatment. Disease awareness to aid in early diagnosis and optimize management is imperative as observed from the delayed presentations in southern India.
Taking a longer historical view of America’s renaming moment: The role of Black onomastic activism within the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
Authors: Alderman Derek H. , Inwood Joshua , Stack Katrina
Published: May 2024

Renaming practices are increasingly deployed as a political technology in USA campaigns to do greater justice to the rights, histories, and identities of historically marginalized groups. African American social actors and groups have been especially active in this onomastic or naming activism. To fully make sense of this renaming moment, which is often popularly misrepresented as brand new, we outline an approach that takes a longer view of the history of Black naming by drawing together ideas from the field of Black geographies, specifically Katherine McKittrick’s ideas about Black livingness, and our work in critical place naming studies. As an illustration, we conduct a study of SNCC and the way civil rights workers and mobilized communities valued names and deployed onomastic tactics—the (re)naming of people, places, and institutions as part of their creative and grass-roots activism. These onomastic tactics facilitated and accompanied SNCC’s gathering of antiracist intelligence, constructing a subaltern transportation system, and carrying out a revolutionary remaking of place and affective atmosphere in the face of oppression. We not only seek to add a needed racial genealogy of ongoing naming struggles in America, but also use SNCC’s onomastic tactics to tell a story of the Civil Rights Movement generally not well understood and to expand what counts as activism and who counts as activists beyond canonized celebrations of the Movement in popular media and education. As an important guide to current naming struggles, the SNCC experience is instructive of the fact that renaming alone cannot count as liberation. Rather, the efficacy of naming as a civil rights practice comes from the assembling and mobilizing of names with the broader capacities of people, material places, and political practices and discourses.
Escaping poverty: changing characteristics of China’s rural poverty reduction policy and future trends
Authors: Wang Yunhui , Chen Yihua , Li Zhiying
Published: May 2024

Eliminating poverty is a shared aspiration of people worldwide. This article analyzes 762 rural poverty-related texts promulgated and implemented by the Chinese Government since 1984 using content analysis based on a three-dimensional framework encompassing the time of policy issuance, policy goals, and types of policy instruments. The study outlines the overall landscape and evolutionary context of the policy system. The results show that, during absolute poverty governance, China’s rural poverty governance can be broadly divided into three stages: regional development-oriented poverty alleviation, comprehensive poverty alleviation, and targeted poverty alleviation. Based on the production-oriented welfare model, economic development became the primary goal of poverty alleviation policies, while insufficient attention was given to service support and capacity-building goals. The alleviation of poverty mainly relied on the propulsive force generated by supply-side policy instruments led by the Government and the external driving force generated by environmental policy instruments, with a significant deficiency in the propulsive force produced by demand-side policy instruments. Entering the phase of relative poverty governance, optimizing poverty governance policy instruments requires breaking free from path dependence, following the evolutionary pattern of poverty governance. It involves ensuring that policy instruments support economic development while emphasizing addressing service support and capacity-building goals. It is crucial to increase the frequency of using demand-side policy instruments, stimulate their pulling force on poverty alleviation, and achieve a trend of evolutionary innovation and the collaborative governance of policy instruments.
Virus inactivation by matching the vibrational resonance
Authors: Sadraeian Mohammad , Kabakova Irina , Zhou Jiajia , Jin Dayong
Published: May 2024

Physical approaches based on irradiation provide advances for the prevention and treatment of viral infections, while recognizing that certain chemical inactivation techniques demonstrate significant effectiveness alongside physical methods. By generating resonant vibrations of complete virus particles, which are in the GHz range and quite high compared to that of human cells, viruses can be inactivated. Therefore, exposure to ultrasound waves or non-thermal microwaves with a suitable resonant frequency oscillating electric field holds the potential to neutralize the virus particle with no damage to human. The deactivation mechanism could be a result of the mechanical effect or oxidation stress, and in this article, we discuss the elucidation of these effects on the virus' structure. We also explore the current state and future prospects of the anti-viral methods based on acoustic cavitation via ultrasound and non-thermal microwave, addressing critical needs in virology.
Predictors of accuracy in L2 Spanish preterit-imperfect production
Authors: Minnillo Sophia , Sánchez-Gutiérrez Claudia , Ruiz-Alonso-Bartol Ana , Morgan Emily , González Gómez Carmen
Published: May 2024

Few studies have considered the multitude of factors that influence learners’ accuracy of past tense-aspect use in
L2 Spanish. The present study fills this gap by examining course-level, task-modality, obligatory tense-aspect, and verb frequency
and regularity as predictors of English-dominant learners’ accuracy in contexts that require the Spanish preterit or imperfect.
Learner narrations from the COWS-L2H and CEDEL2 corpora were analyzed. Generalized mixed-effects models reveal that obligatory
tense-aspect and task-modality are significant predictors of accuracy and that frequency is only a significant predictor in
imperfect-obligatory contexts for students from the same Spanish program. Data from one Spanish program is interpreted as
providing partial support for the Default Past Tense Hypothesis (DPTH). The findings add complexity to our understanding of the
route of preterit-imperfect acquisition, showcasing plateauing effects and highlighting students’ use of the present as a default
form.
A City Developed for (and by) Tourism: Campos do Jordão (São Paulo, Brazil)
Authors: Mendes Bruna C. , Panza Tatiana Marchetti
Published: May 2024

Brazil provides several tourist destination options besides soccer, sun, and beaches. The cold weather and nature are the pillars of tourism in Campos do Jordão, a city that began to develop due to the tuberculosis pandemic that hit the country in the 18th century when it started hosting patients who sought a cure for this disease through life near nature, cold weather and resting. Over the years, it began to attract São Paulo City’s elite, which sought isolated treatment for tuberculosis or private rest. This elite was the factor behind the city’s development, which turned a city of the sick into a tourist city. The term “Brazilian Switzerland” was adopted as a tourist differential in order to build the imagery of a European city in Brazilian lands. Known as one of the main winter destinations in the country, the city has about 48,000 inhabitants and attracts more than 4.9 million visitors on a yearly basis, on average. However, actions taken in the city often focused on changes to serve tourists, rather than its dwellers. The main challenges faced by this city comprise social contrasts between the local population and visitors, lack of social participation in the urban and tourist planning process, as well as poor public power performance in territory organization processes.

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Spin Resolved Zero-Line Modes in Minimally Twisted Bilayer Graphene from Exchange Field and Gate Voltage
Authors: You Sanyi , An Jiaqi , Qiao Zhenhua
Published: May 2024

The reliance on spin-orbit coupling or strong magnetic fields has always posed significant challenges for the mass production and even laboratory realization of most topological materials. Valley-based topological zero-line modes have attracted widespread attention due to their substantial advantage of being initially realizable with just an external electric field. However, the uncontrollable nature of electrode alignment and precise fabrication has greatly hindered the advancement in this field. By utilizing minimally twisted bilayer graphene and introducing exchange fields from magnetic substrates, we successfully realize a spin-resolved, electrode-free topological zero-line mode. Further integration of electrodes that do not require alignment considerations significantly enhances the tunability of the system’s band structure. Our approach offers a promising new support for the dazzling potential of topological zero-line mode in the realm of low-energy-consumption electronics.
Tailoring thermoelectric performance of n-type Bi2Te3 through defect engineering and conduction band convergence
Authors: Rana Nabakumar , Mukherjee Suchandra , Singha Pintu , Das Subarna , Bandyopadhyay Sudipta , Banerjee Aritra
Published: May 2024

Bi2Te3, an archetypical tetradymite, is recognised as a thermoelectric (TE) material of potential application around room temperature. However, large energy gap (ΔEc
) between the light and heavy conduction bands results in inferior TE performance in pristine bulk n-type Bi2Te3. Herein, we propose enhancement in TE performance of pristine n-type Bi2Te3 through purposefully manipulating defect profile and conduction band convergence mechanism. Two n-type Bi2Te3 samples, S1 and S2, are prepared by melting method under different synthesis condition. The structural as well as microstructural evidence of the samples are obtained through powder x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopic study. Optothermal Raman spectroscopy is utilized for comprehensive study of temperature dependent phonon vibrational modes and total thermal conductivity (

κ

) of the samples which further validates the experimentally measured thermal conductivity. The Seebeck coefficient value is significantly increased from 235 μVK−1 (sample S1) to 310 μVK−1 (sample S2). This is further justified by conduction band convergence, where ΔEc
is reduced from 0.10 eV to 0.05 eV, respectively. To verify the band convergence, the double band Pisarenko model is employed. Large power factor (PF) of 2190 μWm−1K−2 and lower

κ

value leading to ZT of 0.56 at 300 K is gained in S2. The obtained PF and ZT value are among the highest values reported for pristine n-type bulk Bi2Te3. In addition, appreciable value of TE quality factor and compatibility factor (2.7 V−1) at room temperature are also achieved, indicating the usefulness of the material in TE module.
Insight into constitutive theories of 4D printed polymer materials: a review
Authors: Rodriguez-Morales Jesus A , Duan Hao , Gu Jianping , Zeng Hao , Sun Huiyu
Published: May 2024

Four-dimensional (4D) printing has emerged as a branch of additive manufacturing that utilizes stimuli-responsive materials to generate three-dimensional structures with functional features. In this context, constitutive models play a paramount role in designing engineering structures and devices using 4D printing, as they help understand mechanical behavior and material responses to external stimuli, providing a theoretical framework for predicting and analyzing their deformation and shape-shifting capabilities. This article thoroughly discusses available constitutive models for single-printed and multi-printed materials. Later, we explore the role of machine learning (ML) algorithms in inferring constitutive relations, particularly in viscoelastic problems and, more recently, in shape memory polymers. Moreover, challenges and opportunities presented by both approaches for predicting the mechanical behavior of 4D printed polymer materials are examined. Finally, we concluded our discussion with a summary and some future perspectives expected in this field. This review aims to open a dialogue among the mechanics community to assess the limitations of analytical models and encourage the responsible use of emerging techniques, such as ML. By clarifying these aspects, we intend to advance the understanding and application of constitutive models in the rapidly growing field of 4D printing.
Gravitational lensing by a stable rotating regular black hole
Authors: Xie Chen-Hao , Zhang Yu , Sun Qi , Li Qi-Quan , Duan Peng-Fei
Published: May 2024

Recent observational data from the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration provide convincing realistic evidence for the existence of black hole rotation. From a phenomenological perspective, a recently proposed stable rotating regular (SRR) black hole circumvents the theoretical flaws of the Kerr solution. For the purpose of obtaining observational signatures of this black hole, we study its gravitational lensing effect. In the strong deflection limit, we calculate the deflection angle of light on the equatorial plane, the radius of the photon sphere, and other observables. The observables include the relativistic image position, separation, magnification, and time delays between different images. Then, by modeling M87* and Sgr A* as the SRR black hole, we compute their observables and evaluate the deviation of the observables from the Kerr case. In the weak deflection limit, we calculate the light deflection angle on the equatorial plane of M87* and Sgr A* via the Gauss-Bonnet theorem (GBT). With the growth of deviation parameter e, the gravitational lensing effect in the weak deflection limit intensifies monotonically, and the gravitational lensing effect in the strong deflection limit changes dramatically only at high spins. Our research may contribute to distinguish between SRR black holes from Kerr black holes under higher-precision astronomical observations.
Tidal effects based on a GUP-induced effective metric
Authors: Hong Soon-Tae , Kim Yong-Wan , Park Young-Jai
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we study tidal forces in the Schwarzschild black hole, whose metric explicitly includes a generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) effect. We also investigate interesting features of the geodesic equations and tidal effects that are dependent on the GUP parameter α related to a minimum length. Then, by solving the geodesic deviation equations explicitly with appropriate boundary conditions, we show that α in the effective metric affects both the radial and angular components of the geodesic equation, particularly near the singularities.
Physics-embedded machine learning search for Sm-doped PMN-PT piezoelectric ceramics with high performance
Authors: Xin 辛 Rui 睿 , Wang 王 Yaqi 亚祺 , Fang 房 Ze 泽 , Zheng 郑 Fengji 凤基 , Gao 高 Wen 雯 , Fu 付 Dashi 大石 , Shi 史 Guoqing 国庆 , Liu 刘 Jian-Yi 建一 , Zhang 张 Yongcheng 永成
Published: May 2024

Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) piezoelectric ceramics have excellent piezoelectric properties and are used in a wide range of applications. Adjusting the solid solution ratios of PMN/PT and different concentrations of elemental doping are the main methods to modulate their piezoelectric coefficients. The combination of these controllable conditions leads to an exponential increase of possible compositions in ceramics, which makes it not easy to extend the sample data by additional experimental or theoretical calculations. In this paper, a physics-embedded machine learning method is proposed to overcome the difficulties in obtaining piezoelectric coefficients and Curie temperatures of Sm-doped PMN-PT ceramics with different components. In contrast to all-data-driven model, physics-embedded machine learning is able to learn nonlinear variation rules based on small datasets through potential correlation between ferroelectric properties. Based on the model outputs, the positions of morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) with different Sm doping amounts are explored. We also find the components with the best piezoelectric property and comprehensive performance. Moreover, we set up a database according to the obtained results, through which we can quickly find the optimal components of Sm-doped PMN-PT ceramics according to our specific needs.
Machine-learning-assisted efficient reconstruction of the quantum states generated from the Sagnac polarization-entangled photon source
Authors: Mao 毛 Menghui 梦辉 , Zhou 周 Wei 唯 , Li 李 Xinhui 新慧 , Yang 杨 Ran 然 , Gong 龚 Yan-Xiao 彦晓 , Zhu 祝 Shi-Ning 世宁
Published: May 2024

Neural networks are becoming ubiquitous in various areas of physics as a successful machine learning (ML) technique for addressing different tasks. Based on ML technique, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an efficient method for state reconstruction of the widely used Sagnac polarization-entangled photon source. By properly modeling the target states, a multi-output fully connected neural network is well trained using only six of the sixteen measurement bases in standard tomography technique, and hence our method reduces the resource consumption without loss of accuracy. We demonstrate the ability of the neural network to predict state parameters with a high precision by using both simulated and experimental data. Explicitly, the mean absolute error for all the parameters is below 0.05 for the simulated data and a mean fidelity of 0.99 is achieved for experimentally generated states. Our method could be generalized to estimate other kinds of states, as well as other quantum information tasks.
Negligible normal fluid in superconducting state of heavily overdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ detected by ultra-low temperature angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Yin 殷 Chaohui 超辉 , Wang 汪 Qinghong 清泓 , Xie 解 Yuyang 于洋 , Chen 陈 Yiwen 逸雯 , Liu 刘 Junhao 俊豪 , Yang 杨 Jiangang 鉴刚 , Jia 贾 Junjie 俊杰 , Zhang 张 Xing 杏 , Lv 吕 Wenkai 文凯 , Yan 闫 Hongtao 宏涛 , Rong 戎 Hongtao 洪涛 , Zhang 张 Shenjin 申金 , Wang 王 Zhimin 志敏 , Zong 宗 Nan 楠 , Liu 刘 Lijuan 丽娟 , Li 李 Rukang 如康 , Wang 王 Xiaoyang 晓洋 , Zhang 张 Fengfeng 丰丰 , Yang 杨 Feng 峰 , Peng 彭 Qinjun 钦军 , Xu 许 Zuyan 祖彦 , Liu 刘 Guodong 国东 , Mao 毛 Hanqing 寒青 , Zhao 赵 Lin 林 , Li 李 Xintong 昕彤 , Zhou 周 Xingjiang 兴江
Published: May 2024

In high temperature cuprate superconductors, it was found that the superfluid density decreases with the increase of hole doping. One natural question is whether there exists normal fluid in the superconducting state in the overdoped region. In this paper, we have carried out high-resolution ultra-low temperature laser-based angle-resolved photoemission measurements on a heavily overdoped Bi2212 sample with a T
c of 48 K. We find that this heavily overdoped Bi2212 remains in the strong coupling regime with 2Δ
0/(k
B
T
c) = 5.8. The single-particle scattering rate is very small along the nodal direction (∼5 meV) and increases as the momentum moves from the nodal to the antinodal regions. A hard superconducting gap opening is observed near the antinodal region with the spectral weight at the Fermi level fully suppressed to zero. The normal fluid is found to be negligibly small in the superconducting state of this heavily overdoped Bi2212. These results provide key information to understand the high T
c mechanism in the cuprate superconductors.
High-Z impurity neoclassical transport in the tokamak plasmas due to the single-null divertor configuration
Authors: Pan Chengkang
Published: May 2024

A new mechanism for the high-Z impurity neoclassical particle transport in the tokamak plasmas due to the single-null divertor configuration is discovered for the first time. It will play an important role in the tokamak plasma pedestal region with the coexisting of the strong bulk ion radial gradients and the up/down asymmetry of the poloidal magnetic field. The outward (inward) high-Z impurity neoclassical particle transport will be driven with the

B

×
∇
B

drift towards (away from) the X-point. The new finding indicates that the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor lower single-null divertor configuration will be beneficial for screening and flushing out the high-Z impurity in the pedestal region with the toroidal magnetic field in the normal direction (

B

×
∇
B

drift towards the X-point).
Observation of a new pedestal stability regime in MAST Upgrade H-mode plasmas
Authors: Imada K. , Osborne T.H. , Saarelma S. , Clark J.G. , Kirk A. , Knolker M. , Scannell R. , Snyder P.B. , Vincent C. , Wilson H.R. ,   the MAST Upgrade Team
Published: May 2024

The first pedestal stability and structure analysis on the new MAST Upgrade (MAST-U) spherical tokamak H-mode plasmas is presented. Our results indicate that MAST-U pedestals are close to the low toroidal mode number (n) peeling branch of the peeling-ballooning instability, in contrast with MAST H-mode pedestals which were deeply in the high-n ballooning branch. This offers the possibility of reaching the ELM-free quiescent H-mode (Burrell et al 2005 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion
47 B37–B52) or high-performance super H-mode (Snyder et al 2015 Nucl. Fusion
55 083026; Snyder et al 2019 Nucl. Fusion
59 086017) regimes. In addition, the coupling between the peeling and ballooning branches is weak in MAST-U, suggesting that a path to very high pedestal pressure gradient at high density may exist with sufficient heating power. A possible explanation for the differences between MAST and MAST-U pedestal stability is given in terms of plasma shaping parameters, in particular squareness and elongation, as well as the pedestal top temperature and collisionality.
Quasi-single-stage optimization for permanent magnet stellarators
Authors: Yu Guodong , Liu Ke , Qian Tianyi , Xie Yidong , Nie Xianyi , Zhu Caoxiang
Published: May 2024

Advanced stellarators are typically optimized in two stages. The plasma equilibrium is optimized first, followed by the design of coils/permanent magnets. However, the coils/permanent magnets in the second stage may become too complex to achieve the desired equilibrium. To address this problem, a quasi-single-stage optimization method has been proposed. In this paper, we introduce this method for designing permanent magnet (PM) stellarators. The new approach combines straightforward PM metrics to penalize the maximum required PM thickness and the mismatch between the fixed-boundary equilibrium and the free-boundary one, along with typical physical targets. Since the degrees of freedom of the PMs are not included and directly used to minimize the objective function in this method, so we call it ‘quasi-single-stage’ optimization. We apply this quasi-single-stage optimization method to find a new quasi-axisymmetric PM design. The new design starts from MUSE, which was initially designed using a two-stage optimization approach. The resulting design, MUSE++, exhibits an order of magnitude lower quasi-symmetric error and a one-order reduction in normal field error. We show that MUSE++ has approximately 30% fewer magnets compared to a proxy model ‘MUSE-0’ that uses the same FAMUS optimization without the benefit of a single-stage equilibrium optimization. These results demonstrate that the new single-stage optimization method can concurrently improve plasma properties and simplify permanent magnet complexity.
Nature-Based Solution Water Governance from the Indigenous People inthe Coastal Northern and the Southern Papua
Authors: Wambrauw E V , Rumaropen N , Wambrauw M Y B , Wambrauw L T
Published: May 2024

The Malind Anim and the Indigenous People in three customary Villages around Youtefa Bay Jayapura (the Enggros People, Tobati People and Nafri People) occupy southern and northern sides Papua respectively. These Indigenous People have their own traditional ecological knowledge as natural based solution to mitigate the impact climate change, to govern water resources and also to provide food security. This aim of this article to identify their culture values as natural based solution in water governance. The combining qualitative and quantitative including systematic literature review, interview and mapping are conducted to cope the result. The Result shows the Malind Anim develop traditional cultivation called wambad complementing with drainage system called kamahib. While the Indigenous People in three customary villages around Youtefa Bay by have their own traditional management resources in mangrove that can maintain the ecosystem and also supporting the policy of blue carbon to mitigate the impacts of climate change. Thus, the Indigenous People already have practiced the natural based solution for intergeneration and their knowledge should be integrated to the policy of government in order to tackle the impacts of climate change and ensure the availability of water resources.