bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lesioni Degli Organi Parenchimatosi in Animali Trattati Con Dosi Sub-Letali Di Raggi X E Protetti Con Cloridrato Di Cisteina
Authors: Pasinetti Antonio , Carnevali Giuseppe
Published: April 2018

Results are exposed of a personal experience on X-rays protection by cysteine-hydrochloride administration during fractioned and protracted radiations. This protection is not similar to that observed in animals subjected to panirradiations with massive and lethal X-rays doses, as concerns both survival and seriousness of the histological lesions in the parenchymatous organs. These are particularly significant in the kidney and liver. A peculiar type of hepatic lesion is described, which is characterized by lobules undergoing total necrosis alternated with others, degenerated but structurally complete. This aspect, which is called « chess-board » necrosis, is ascribed to a different sensitivity of the single lobules, due to a different functional moment. The data obtained point out the high radiosensitivity of the liver and support another observation by one of the Authors on the liver importance in the protective mechanisms against ionizing radiations.
Modificazioni Citologiche Indotte Dall'Au198 Sull'Ascite Neoplastica
Authors: Dova Emma , Marinoni Ugo , Avanzini Sergio
Published: April 2018

In 8 women with peritoneal carcinosis from ovarian carcinoma, the exsudate has been cytologically examined before and after introduction of Au198 into peritoneum. Necrosis of the tumour cells has been observed in the first days, followed later by phenomena of cell hypertrophia and cytoplasm vacuolization. Such cytological modifications are no more recognizable 20-30 days after isotope administration and appear to be unrelated to dosage and histological tumour type.
Tossicologia Generale Di Alcuni Derivati Pirimidinici: 2-Tiocitosina E 2-Tio-5-Metilcitosina
Authors: Barbieri P. , Bertazzoli C. , Di Marco A. , Fuoco L. , Turolla E.
Published: April 2018

The antitumour activity of some pyrimidine thio-derivatives has been studied simultaneously with their chronic toxic action.

2-thiocytosine (showing a rapid and nearly total urinary elimination), subcutaneously injected to rats in dose of 100 mg/kg for 39 times consecutively, induces only a slight reduction of erythrocytes and leukocytes in the circulating blood, with relative lymphocytopenia and moderate increase in leukocyte fragility, whereas the values of basal metabolism and weight curve are unmodified.

From a morphological standpoint, the only valuable data are a slight stimulus towards neutrophils maturation and a similarly slight lymphoid hyperplasia in the lymph nodes.

2-thio-5-methylcytosine, subcutaneously injected at the same dose for 11 times consecutively, causes a remarkable mortality rate and inhibition of the body growth. Furthermore, differential blood count inversion, increased fragility of withe blood cells and inhibition of the first stages of erythropoiesis with stimulus towards neutrophils maturation are observed.

The morphological changes are mainly characterized by nuclear degenerations of the reticuloendothelial system, which are particularly manifest in the spleen and may lead to cell death and, consequently, to reduction of the cellular density. As concerns the urinary elimination, in this case the 22 per cent only of the administered dose is recovered in urines.

The changes induced by both the experimented pyrimidine derivatives, and especially by 2-thio-5-methylcytosine, are compared with those referred to in the literature concerning antimetabolic products.
Sul Comportamento Di Alcune Prove Di Funzionalita’ Epatica in Presenza Di Carcinoma Metastatico Del Fegato
Authors: Forni Mario
Published: April 2018

In a group of patients with malignant tumours localized to different segments of the digestive canal and metastases clinically confined to liver only, the following findings have been constantly observed: increase of the serum alkaline phosphatase level, bilirubinemia levels below the higher normal limit, rise of the serum bromsulfalein retention, normal colloid lability tests and unchanged blood lipid fractions.

Such a combination of values would in reality speak for a metastatic invasion of the liver, apart from unfrequent and well identifiable exceptions.

An adequate evaluation of such results would give more precise indications for an early diagnosis of liver metastases and allow more exact criteria of operability as concerns the primary tumour. Further valuable data are given by gradual increase of alkaline hyperphosphatasemia and bromsulfalein retention, with normal bilirubinemia.
Il DDD(1,1-DICLORO-2,2-BIS-(p-Clorofenil)Etano) Nel Trattamento Del Carcinoma Avanzato Della Mammella ()
Authors: Bucalossi P. , Grattarola R. , Catania V. C.
Published: April 2018

Four patients with advanced mammary cancer, previously subjected to oophorectomy, have been treated with DDD (1,1-dichloro-2.2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane). In two cases a marked reduction of the primary and metastatic tumour was observed: here, the 17-ketosteroids value was found to be diminished and the appearance of a particular cytological picture (« E » picture) was observed in the vaginal smear. This particular aspect had been already found by the Authors in earlier researches in patients with metastatic mammary cancer improved after bilateral oophorectomy and mono- and bilateral adrenalectomy.
Considerazioni Sui Tumori Ossei a Struttura Tiroidea Ed Ipernefroide
Authors: Antoniazzi B.
Published: April 2018

The possible existence of primary bone tumours with thyroid and hypernephroid structure is discussed. It is deemed that such neoplasms are, in reality, metastases (often single) from clinically undetected thyroid or renal tumours. The low biological and clinical malignancy explains the long latency period of the primary bulk, while only the metastatic formation becomes clinically demonstrable.
Ricerche Sperimentali Sul Metabolismo Di Cellule Neoplastiche Ceppo K.B. Coltivate in Vitro
Authors: Lenti G. , Tortarolo E. , Pellegrini A.
Published: April 2018

The authors have investigated the respiration and glycolytic activity of human cancer cells (strain K B) « in vitro ». A low oxygen uptake, an increased aerobic glycolysis and no striking increase of anaerobic glycolysis have been observed. The results are briefly discussed.
Risultati Ottenuti Con La Trietilenetiofosforamide Nel Trattamento Di Forme Avanzate Di Tumori
Authors: Mininni D.
Published: April 2018

Results obtained with Triethylenethiophosphoramide (ThioTepa) in the palliative treatment of advanced and recurrent tumours are referred. 55 patients were divided into two groups: in the first, out of 32 women with metastatic mammary carcinoma, a definite improvement was observed in 22 cases. In the second group, including 23 patients with tumours different for site and histological features, noteworthy results were observed not only in patients with hormonodependent tumours (prostate, thyroid, ovary) but even in some patients with carcinoma of the colon, stomach and lung. A mediastinal reticulosarcoma and a craniopharyngioma had temporary improvement. The results obtained and the good tolerability of the drug show ThioTepa to be profitable palliative means for the therapy of advanced and recurrent tumours.
Neurilemmomi Della Vulva (4 casi)
Authors: Bianco R. , Samuel S.
Published: April 2018

4 cases of vulvar neurilemmomas, or the 1,99 per cent of all benign and malignant tumours of this site, observed during 18 years in the Gynecological Department of the Cancer Institute of Milano, are described. By the statistical calculus of probability is demonstrated that the vulva represents the site of choice of neurilemmoma.
Considerazioni Sui Tumori Glomici Con Particolare Riguardo Alla Localizzazione Gastrica
Authors: Gennari L.
Published: April 2018

The glomic tumours of the stomach are exceedingly unfrequent, occur in the middle age, have a slow or very slow evolution and are small in size. Histologically, they must be distinguished from the more frequent haemangiopericytomas. Clinically, they are characterized by gastralgiae of ulcerous and haemorrhagic type. A personal case, which adds to the 7 ones referred to in the literature, is exposed. It concerns a woman aged 45, who has been suffering for 4 months from anorexia, vomit and postprandial pain. She was operated upon 2 years ago, and at present she is well.
LE Sieroglicoproteine in Pazienti Affetti da Neoplasie Maligne
Authors: Bernasconi C. , Buscarini L.
Published: April 2018

In serum of patients with cancers the variations of the electrophoretic pattern of proteins (hypoalbuminemia, hyper-alpha-2- and hyper-gamma-globulinemia) are accompanied by a deviated behaviour of the protein-bound carbohydrates: hyperglycoproteinemia (with an almost parallel increase of hexose, hexosamine and sialic acid levels) caused by an elevation of the carbohydrate percentage in the alpha-1 and alpha-2-globulins.

As to evaluate the clinical interest of such alterations, which do not show any difference in the various neoplastic localisations, the Authors examinate their importance in the diagnosis of cancers, study their behaviour regarding to diffusions and metastatisation of the disease, and follow their changes in respect to therapy.
Meccanismo D'azione Degli Agenti Antimitotici
Authors: Di Marco A.
Published: April 2018

The mechanisms of the biochemical interference of the different antimetabolites, of nitrogen mustards, of colchicin substances and of other anticancerous substances are illustrated, with respect to the processes of cell multiplication.
IL Sieroprotidogramma su Carta in Topi C3H Portatori di Adenocarcinomi Mammari Spontanei e di Sarcomi Indotti e Trapiantati
Authors: Bergonzi F. , Fantoni P. A.
Published: April 2018

A study with paper electrophoresis has been carried out in mice of the C3H strain in different conditions of tumour growth: 1) growth of spontaneous tumours; 2) growth of induced tumours; 3) growth of transplants of induced tumours. Differences in the various groups have been statistically analyzed.

All the seroprotidograms of animals bearing spontaneous mammary tumours show uncoupling of the alpha 2 fraction, whereas this is less frequently observed in induced and transplanted tumours, and still less in the controls.

The seroprotidograms of mice bearing induced tumours show a marked increase of the alpha 2 fraction, and a less marked increase of the beta-fraction.

The transplanted tumours, which have partly regressed, show values of serum proteins intermediate between those of mice in which the tumour has taken and those of the corresponding controls.

In the « taken » transplants, the diminution, of the albumins, and the increase of alpha 1, alpha 2, beta and gamma globulins go gradually along with the neoplastic proliferation, except for a final fall of gammaglobulins and a tendency to normalization one month after transplantation; this fact is observed also in the group of the regressed transplants. The alpha 1 fractions is higher in the animals in which the transplant has taken than in those bearing induced tumours.
Azione Della 2-Metil-4-Mercapto-6-Metossi-Chinolina su Culture in Vitro di Cellule Tumorali Umane Del Ceppo KB
Authors: Orazi F. , Rota M.
Published: April 2018

The action of a new quinoline compound, the 2-Methyl-4-Mercapto-6-Methoxy-Quinoline, on « in vitro » cultures of human cancer cells (strain KB) is described. The substance tested at concentration ranging from 0.1 γ/ml to 100 γ/ml, showed a powerful and specific citotoxic action at concentrations higher than 1 γ/ml.
Alterazioni Indotte Dai Raggi Sui Corpuscoli di Pacini
Authors: Guarino M.
Published: April 2018

A histological investigation has been carried out on 30 radiodermitic lesions (late lesions, chronic radiodermitis, cancerized radionecroses). Changes of hypertrophic and degenerative type, never described before, have ben shown in the Pacini's corpuscles. They may be ascribable to the action of the ionizing radiations and have a significant role in the pathogenesis and intensity of the early pain which occurs in radiodermitis.
Contributo Allo Studio Della Sopravvivenza Dei Pazienti Cancerosi
Authors: Pandolfi Anna M.
Published: April 2018

The survival rate has been studied in a group of patients with cancer of the larynx. The expected survival (i. e. the survival that would be observed in patients of the same age exposed to the simple mortality of the general population) has been compared with the observed survival: so abolishing the source of error due to the different age composition. A total improvement of the survival with age has been noted for all the categories of patients; such improvement seems to be more relevant for older subjects.
Attecchimento E Sviluppo Del Tumore Ascite Di Ehrlich E Del Sarcoma 180 in Topi con Nanismo Ipofisario
Authors: Turolla E.
Published: April 2018

Some data of the literature point out that a growth hormone lack, due to hypophysectomy, can interfere on the onset and development of carcinogen induced and transplantable tumours. The data regarding the experiments on pituitary dwarf mice, in which 20 methylcholantrene induced epithelioma develop in a lower percentage than normal animals, seem particularly interesting.

The present investigation was carried out on 24 dwarf mice and on their phenotipically normal litter mates, by transplanting the Ehrlich ascites tumour and sarcoma 180 both in solid or ascitic form. Body weight increase at the 8th and 15th day from tumour transplantation, survival time, and weight, morphological and histological features of tumours have been considered. The results show that the take and growth of tumours behave in quite similar manner both in dwarfs and in normal controls.

The conclusion is then reached that for the studied tumours no growth hormone dependance exists. The differences in hormone dependance between transplantable tumours and the ones induced by chemical carcinogens are briefly discussed.
Studio Delle Sostanze di Origine Tumorale Ad Azione Inibente Sulla Catalasi Epatica «in Vivo» : Nota 3 - Isolamento da liquidi ascitici di frazioni proteiche aventi attività anticatalasica
Authors: Geriotti G. , Spandrio L. , Agradi A.
Published: April 2018

Two protein fractions, decreasing the liver catalase activity «in vivo», have been prepared from ascitic fluids of tumoral and non tumoral origin, by adsorption on calcium phosphate gel at pH 5, and desorption at pH 8. They are: a globulin fraction, that remains in the ascitic fluid after adsorpitin at pH 5; an albumin fraction that is desorbed at pH 8. The activity of the globulin fraction is due for the most part to low molecular weight substances which are adsorbed to the protein and may be separated from their protein support by dialysis. On the contrary the activity of the albumines has to be ascribed to the protein molecule. Denaturation does not affect the anticatalase activity « in vivo » of albumines, on the contrary it destroys the « in vitro » activity, which is present in the undenatured material.
Ricerche Sperimentali Sulla Metastatizzazione Neoplastica per via Ematica
Authors: Mor C. , Sforza M. , Mangioni C.
Published: April 2018

Albino rats were intravenously injected with the ascites type of 256 Walker carcinosarcoma. It was observed that neoplastic cells pass through the pulmonary filter and may be isolated from the arterial blood. Most animals, however, showed lung metastases; the 20 per cent had metastases to kidneys, adrenals and spleen, occasionally without pulmonary localization. The liver was always found to be free from metastases. Even in those cases without macroscopical involvement of spleen, lungs, liver and kidneys, the intraperitoneal transplantation of fragments of such organs into healthy animals induced solid Walker tumours. The site of metastases was not modified by panirradiation and by hormonal treatment. Results are discussed and the conclusion is drawn that the mechanical Walther's theory does not settle the true problem of the metastatization which concerns the development of the tumour cells rather than their spread in the various organs.
Sulla Trasformazione in Forma Ascitica Del Carcinosarcoma 256 Di Walker Nel Ratto
Authors: Mor C. , Sforza M. , Pellati M. De Vecchi
Published: April 2018

Starting from ascites fluid from rats bearing intraperitoneal solid tumour, the ascites type of 256 Walker carcinosarcoma was obtained and steadily maintained. A varying latency period in the ascites development and a highly variable taking percentage has been demonstrated in the tested strain. On the other hand, the number of neoplastic cells contained in 1 ml ascites fluid was found to be constant and high (4 to 6 millions/ml.).
Azione « in Vivo » Ed « in Vitro » Sul Sarcoma Galliera Di Sieri Di Animali Immunizzati Con Frazioni Cellulari Dello Stesso Tumore
Authors: Zinnari A.
Published: April 2018

Rabbits’ immune sera treated with endocellular fractions of sarcoma Galliera, isolated by fractioned centrifugation, were studied « in vivo » and « in vitro » in relation to their action on the tumour. Rabbit's sera immunized with nuclei and with the supernatant of sarcoma Galliera did not inhibit « in vivo » the development of the already established tumour in rats as well as the tumour implanted into the rat following the introduction of a dose of serum. On the other hand, rabbits’ sera immunized with mitochondria of sarcoma Galliera showed an «in vivo» toxic action on the already established sarcoma, leading to its complete regression. A dose of immune serum failed to prevent the « taking » of the tumour subsequently implanted into the rat. Rabbit serum immunized with mitochondria of sarcoma Galliera showed an « in vitro » toxic action on the mitochondria of the tumour itself.
Ricerche Istochimiche Sui Linfonodi Laterocervicali Del Coniglio Dopo Irradiazione Con Gli Elettroni Veloci Del Betatrone
Authors: Magri M. , Cassin G. Cesati
Published: April 2018

Histochemical researches were carried out in order to visualize nucleic acids and mucopolysaccharides in laterocervical lymph nodes of the rabbit, after irradiation with fast electrons by a 33 Mev betatron.

Histochemical changes were found only with rather high dosages. The behaviour of nucleic acids showed a decrease in DNA which was more marked when the administered dose as higher.

With regard to mucopolysaccharides, a decrease in the Alcian-positivity was observed, and an increase of the PAS positivity in comparison with the controls, especially with highest dosage.
Studies on the Effect of Association of Daunomycin and X-Rays on Oberling-Guérin-Guérin Transplantable Myeloma
Authors: Dragoni Giovanni , Gaetani Marcello , Scarpinato Biancamaria , Palmia Claudio
Published: April 2018

The effect of daunomycin and x-rays in association on the survival time of Long Evans and Wistar rats with Oberling-Guérin-Guérin transplantable myeloma is studied. No favorable results were obtained in Wistar rats, whereas in Long Evans rats the association proved more effective than one treatment alone. In Long Evans rats histoincompatibility phenomena against the tumor may be a cause of the enhanced effect of the association under study. The experimental results are discussed in relation to the use of this association in clinical treatment.
Combination of Low Doses of Vincristine with High Doses of Methotrexate in the Therapy of Solid Tumors
Authors: Nervi Carlo , Casale Carlo , Cortese Massimo
Published: April 2018

58 patients with advanced carcinoma were treated with a low dose of vincristine followed by 24-hour intravenous infusion of methotrexate. Vincristine enhanced the antineoplastic effect but not the toxicity of methotrexate. In 31 of the 58 patients there was objective regression of the disease. The best results were obtained in head and neck and uterus carcinomas whilst in lung tumors regression was less marked. The method, which was well tolerated by all the patients, is indicated for palliation in advanced tumors or before irradiation in combined chemoradiotherapy.
Ultrastructural Study of Burkitt Lymphoma Cell Lines (EB-2 and EB-3) Growing in Infant Rats
Authors: Lambertenghi Giorgio
Published: April 2018

Newborn rats were inoculated with cell suspension of EB-2 or EB-3 Burkitt lines by Southam of the Sloan Kettering Institute, New York. The kidney tumors of the inoculated animals were studied at the electron microscope showing ultra-structural features similar to the original Burkitt tumor and to the several African lymphoma cell lines established in vitro. Two types of cells were described: type I closely resembles the Burkitt lymphoblasts, type II has the morphology of undifferentiated blasts. This cellular variability and the similarity of the II cell type to phytohaemagglutinin transformed lymphocytes are discussed. The absence of herpes-like particles in this material might be related to the lack of cell degeneration.
Role of the Immune System in the Growth of an Isotransplanted Urethan-Induced Lymphosarcoma
Authors: Parmiani Giorgio , Carbone Giusi
Published: April 2018

Two groups of (SWR×C57BL)F1 mice were injected subcutaneously with two quantitatively different cell suspensions from a uretan-induced thymic lymphoma of the same hybrid combination. Each of these groups was divided before the neoplastic isograft into the following sub-groups: controls, cyclophosphamide injected, X-irradiated and BCG injected mice. Percentage of takes, tumor diameters and mortality provided the parameters for the evaluation of the tumor growth. With the higher inoculum of neoplastic cells (5×105) only cyclophosphamide was effective in enhancing the take percentage 10 days after the isograft. With the smaller inoculum (5 × 103) all treatments were effective on tumor growth although the inhibitory action of BCG was not as strong as the enhancing action of the immune depressive treatments. The results are interpreted as evidence of a specific antigenicity of urethan-induced lymphoma.
Clinical Trials with Adriamycin in Leukemia and Solid Tumors
Authors: Monfardini Silvio , Bonadonna Gianni , Di Pietro Sergio , Guindani Antonio , Fossati-Bellani Franca , De Lena Mario
Published: April 2018

Adriamycin is a new antitumor antibiotic of the anthracycline group. Its chemical structure is very close to that of daunorubicin. Pharmacological studies demonstrated that adriamycin has a higher therapeutic index (1.21) than daunorubicin (0.67). Adriamycin was given intravenously to 53 patients with different types of leukemia and cancer (13 children and 40 adults). Three doses were used: 0.4 mg/kg (pretreated patients), 0.65 mg/kg (untreated adults), 0.8 mg/kg (children). Three different schedules were also employed regardless of the single dose/kg (table 1): A) Loading-dose schedule: treatment for 4 consecutive days followed by a 3 day interval: the drug was then restarted 1–2 times a week; B) Alternate day-dose schedule: treatment every other day for 4–6 doses followed by a 3 day interval; the drug was then restarted 1–2 times a week; C) Intermittent-dose schedule: two treatments for 3 consecutive days separated by two intervals of 4 days; the drug was then restarted 1–2 times a week. The chief evidence of toxicity was a triad of symptoms: stomatitis, bone marrow depression and alopecia (table 2). The oral ulcerations where the first sign of toxicity in more than 50 % of cases. The first sign of toxicity usually precedes the other side effects by 1–3 days. Fever, gastroenteritis and phlebitis at the site of injection were toxic signs of minor importance. However, to avoid phlebitis the drug should be injected through a tube of a free-running intravenous infusion. Adriamycin seems from the present series to be devoid of significant cardiac toxicity. As expected, children tolerated higher doses than adults and all pretreated patients became rapidly intoxicated with small doses. The less toxic schedule appears to be the intermittent one (C). Prompt and consistent responses were observed in many cases (table 4), but they were usually short lived. The drug appears therefore to be a potent growth-inhibiting compound more useful for inducing the first remission than for mantaining it. Acute lymphoblastic and chronic myelogenous leukemias as well as malignant lymphomas, neuroblastomas and soft tissue sarcomas were the diseases most sensitive to adriamycin.
Antitumor activity of total extract of « Amanita phalloides » on Yoshida ascites tumor AH130
Authors: Villa Luigi , Agostoni Angelo
Published: April 2018

Total extract of « Amanita phalloides » Fr., when used in the experimental conditions described in this study, determines a constant inhibitory activity on transplants of Yoshida tumor in the rat. An early and clear lytic effect on tumor cells has also been demonstrated in vitro. The antitumoral action takes effect in the phase of implantation. It is not related to the two well known toxins, alpha-amanitine and phalloidine, which do not possess the activity when used separately. The substance, in the extract that exerts the inhibiting activity on ascites tumor of Yoshida has yet to be identified. In rats in which tumor grafts with total extract of Amanita phalloides did not result in growth a further implantation of the same tumor without extract was unsuccessful. This behaviour is possibly explained by a phenomenon of active immunization. Some particular problems arise from these results. It might be of interest to extend the research to other experimental tumors.
Desmoplastic Medulloblastoma
Authors: Pollice Lucio , Marzullo Franco
Published: April 2018

Desmoplastic medulloblastoma is a variety of the typical cerebellar tumor, characterized by distinctive clinical and morphological features. It usually occurs in adults, is localized in a lateral lobe and shows expansive rather than infiltrative patterns of growth with early leptomeningeal involvement. The most remarkable histological feature is an extremely rich network of reticulin fibres, among which the typical cells of medulloblastoma are found. Another interesting although incostant feature is the presence of well circumscribed reticulin-free « pale » or « glomerular » areas. The histogenesis of this variety of medulloblastoma is discussed in the light of the most recent studies, and Rubinstein and Northfield's proposal of identifying the so-called «circumscribed arachnoidal cerebellar sarcoma » with this tumor is accepted.
Thermography in the Study of Superficial and Semisuperficial Neoplastic Processes
Authors: Garusi Gianfranco
Published: April 2018

A thermographic investigation using an AGA-Thermovision equipment was carried out to evaluate the temperature changes that can be recorded in various superficial and semisuperficial malignant neoplastic diseases. Diseases of the breast and thyroid were excluded deliberately since they, especially the former, have been studied extensively by other workers. 65 cases of tumor were studied, including primary lesions, recurrences and metastases; some of the cases had not been treated whereas others had undergone either surgery or irradiation. The thermographic evidence collected included direct and indirect signs and must in any case be assessed in conjunction with the clinical evidence and history. The data are of interest both for the purposes of evaluating the biological characteristics of the neoplasm, primary or secondary, and documenting the changes that follow radiotherapy and hence their radiobiological behavior.
Metastatic Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Beretta Gianni , Molinari Roberto
Published: April 2018

Report on a case of primary basal cell carcinoma in the skin of the eyelid. Only bone metastases were detected after many local recurrences. The metastases were associated with myelophthisic anemia, leukoerythroblastosis in the peripheral blood and extramedullary hepatic hemopoiesis; these findings have not been reported before.
Bayes’ Theorem in Mammography
Authors: Di Pietrantonj Francesco , Salvolini Ugo
Published: April 2018

Bayes’ theorem is a useful mathematical and statistical tool for calculating the probability of a given diagnosis from the clinical signs and their incidence in the various diagnoses considered. The theorem is highly pertinent to mammography, especially in mass screening, which calls for a simple unequivocal method of evaluating clinical and mammographic evidence. The incidence of 22 clinical and mammographic signs has been studied in 124 subjects: in 41 of them a malignant tumor was histologically proven, in the remainder histologically excluded.
Histopathological Categories of Local Extent of Lung Tumors
Authors: Campobasso Onofrio , Musso Michele , Berrino Franco
Published: April 2018

The pathological features of 405 lung tumors, ascertained on both macroscopic and microscopic examination are reported in detail. On this evidence the tumors were divided into categories by histopathological extent, irrespective of histological type, the aim being to supply a detailed scheme for recording information on the local extent of the disease. In accordance with UICC usage, these categories are denoted by the symbol P. The following 4 P categories are: P1 central or peripheral tumors confined to the lung; P2 tumors involving contiguous structures such as the main bronchus or the visceral pleura, excluding the visceral pleura lining the fissures, which is regarded as included « within » the lung; P3 tumors that have spread to neighbouring structures such as the mediastinal soft tissues and/or viscera (excluding lymph nodes), and chest wall; P4 tumors made up of two or more neoplastic masses within the same lobe or in different lobes of the same lung. The five-year survival rates, calculated by the actuarial method, were: 33.89%, 12.74%, 11.11% and 0.00% for P1, P2, P3 and P4 respectively. The differences between P1 and the rest and between P4 and the rest were statistically significant but not the difference between P2 and P3.
Clinical Trials with Adriamycin by Prolonged Arterial Infusion
Authors: Di Pietro Sergio , de Palo Giuseppe M. , Molinari Roberto , Gennari Leandro
Published: April 2018

Adriamycin, a new antitumor antibiotic of the anthracycline group, was given by arterial infusion to 20 patients with different types of advanced cancer. Two doses and schedules were used: 0.3 mg/kg daily for 10 consecutive days and 0.4 mg/kg on alternate days for 20 days. The drug was used for inducing the first remission. In responsive cases maintenance treatment was given with methotrexate. 15 patients were adequately evaluable. 12 patients adequately treated showed objective improvement and 5/15 regression > 50%. Head and neck cancer and undifferentiated reticulosarcoma of the liver were the diseases most sensitive to adriamycin by arterial infusion. Melanoma, metastatic liver cancer and pelvic cancer showed little improvement. Of 20 patients receiving adriamycin, 15 (75%) had one or more side effects: 12 had stomatitis with oral ulcerations, 17 varying degrees of bone marrow depression, 10 alopecia, 5 hyperthermia. Complications are observed in 11 patients. Adriamycin at 0.3 mg/kg daily by prolonged arterial infusion appears to be a potent growth-inhibiting compound useful for inducing the first remission only in head and neck cancer.
Secondary Immune Response anti Sheep Bed Blood Cells in Swiss Mice Injected at Birth with a Single Dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene
Authors: Baroni Carlo D. , Scelsi Roberto , Pesando Paolo C. , Mingazzini Pietro
Published: April 2018

It was previously reported that a neonatal injection of 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA) in mice induces a reduction both of the primary immune response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and, later in life, of delayed hypersensitivity. In this study we investigated the secondary immune response to SRBC in Swiss mice injected at birth with 100 μg of DMBA. Groups of DMBA treated and control animals were sacrificed respectively 30, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 200 days after treatment with the carcinogen. They were given a priming i.p. injection of 4 × 108 SRBC in saline 20 days before sacrifice and a booster of SRBC 48 h before killing. The numbers of indirect spleen plaque forming cells and the hemagglutinin titers after reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol were determined at the time of sacrifice. It has been constantly found that animals given carcinogen at birth show a depressed secondary response, regardless of the presence of tumors. The present results fit well with our previously reported observations showing a constantly depressed immune response after neonatal DMBA treatment, and further suggest the existence of a relationship between immunodepression and the high rate of tumors that DMBA induces. The results are also discussed in relation to others studies indicating a direct action of leukemia viruses on undifferentiated B-lymphocytes of marrow origin, in view of the suggested activation of a latent lymphoma virus by DMBA.
Systemic Carcinogens (N-Nitroso Compounds) and Synergistic or Additive Effects in Respiratory Carcinogenesis
Authors: Montesano Ruggero
Published: April 2018

Systemic carcinogens induce respiratory tract tumors in various animals species. Typical examples of systemic carcinogens are the N-nitroso compounds, which require metabolic conversion to exert their carcinogenic effect. In this review particular emphasis is put on the comparative studies performed in the same species with different nitrosamines, providing an experimental model in which is possible to examine and correlate the biochemical changes preceding the development of detectable tumors and the carcinogenic effect. In addition studies describing synergistic or additive effects in respiratory carcinogenesis are reviewed and discussed.
Results of Preoperative Radiotherapy in T-3 Mammary Carcinoma
Authors: Bucalossi Pietro , Veronesi Umberto , Pizzocaro Giorgio , Zucali Roberto
Published: April 2018

Between 1958 and 1966, 184 patients with T-3 mammary carcinoma were subjected to preoperative radiotherapy and 113 (61.4 %) subsequently underwent mastectomy. Sterilisation of the mammary tumor was achieved in about a quarter of the cases but the efficacy of radiotherapy on the lymphnode metastases was mach lower. Long-term survival was no better in these patients than in T-3 breast cancer cases subjected to mastectomy without radiotherapy before 1958. The frequency of recurrences and of new local manifestations was not significantly different either. It is concluded that preoperative radiotherapy with conventional X-rays does not improve the prognosis of T-3 breast cancer cases.
Protective Action of Polyinosinic-Polycytidylic Acid in Virus and Transplanted Leukemias of the Mouse
Authors: Chieco-Bianchi Luigi , Collavo Dino , Biasi Giovanni , Colombatti Alfonso
Published: April 2018

The inhibitory effects of polynucleotides on leukemia development and transplantability have been studied. RFM/Un mice, injected neonatally with leukemogenic Graffi virus, received 0.02 mg polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) intraperitoneally, twice a week, for two months starting 24 hrs after virus injection. Leukemia incidence in treated mice was significantly reduced, i.e., 56% with a mean latent period of 19 weeks as compared to 87% and 15 weeks latency in the control animals. RFM/Un adult mice, injected intravenously with different cell doses of two transplantable syngeneic leukemias, received four doses of 0.1 mg Poly I:C on alternate days starting 24 hrs after cell transplant. The evaluation of neoplastic nodules on the spleen surface according to the method of Bruce and Van Der Gaag (2) was the parameter of leukemic growth. Mice receiving Poly I:C showed a marked reduction in spleen nodule counts for all cell doses of both leukemia lines and histological examination of the spleen confirmed actual decrease in leukemic foci and disclosed enlargement of germinal centers and periarteriolar areas of lymphoid follicles. To investigate whether Poly I:C is capable of abolishing the state of immunological tolerance (operationally speaking) to cellular virus-induced antigens (CBA x C57BL)F1 adult mice, injected neonatally with Graffi virus, received 0.20 mg Poly I:C i.p. together with 104 or 105 cells from a syngeneic transplantable leukemia originally induced by Graffi virus. No differences in leukemic deaths were observed between Poly I:C treated virus-injected animals and controls, even though normal mice receiving Poly I:C and 10* cells showed 50% survival compared to 0% in control groups. Leukemic cells incubated in vitro in HE-MEM containing 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 μg Poly I:C/ml for 2, 4, 8 and 24 hrs (37 °C, 5% CO2) did not exhibit significant changes in viability as evaluated by phase contrast microscopy. On the basis of present and previous results (6), the possible mechanisms of antineoplastic action exerted by polynucleotides are discussed. It is concluded that while interferon production by synthetic RNAs may represent a major inhibiting factor in virus-induced tumors, non specific stimulation of immune reactivity and direct effect on cell metabolism and replication may play a significant role in other neoplastic conditions.
Report of Two Cases of Microangiopathic Haemolytic Anaemia Associated with Mucinforming Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Büchi Gualtiero , Navone Roberto
Published: April 2018

Two cases of microangiopathic erythroblastic haemolytic anaemia are reported. In both of them mucinous gastric adenocarcinoma and bone marrow metastasis were present. The patients also showed hepatic and splenic haematopoiesis. In one of these cases neoplastic pulmonary microembolisation was demonstrated. The pathogenesis of both erythroblastosis and microangiopathic haemolisis are discussed.
Correlation between Histopathology and Natural History of Intestinal-Type Adenocarcinoma and Diffuse Undifferentiated Carcinoma of the Stomach
Authors: Pilotti Silvana , Rilke Franco , Del Vecchio Marcella
Published: April 2018

A total of 400 cases of surgically removed carcinoma of the stomach between 1955 and 1967 were reclassified histologically in two basic types: the adenocarcinoma of intestinal type and the diffuse undifferentiated carcinoma. The identification of both types was possible in all cases, which were then divided thus: 296 (74%) of the intestinal and 104 (26%) of the diffuse type with a ratio of 2.85:1. The papillary, medullary, scirrhous and colloid variants of the intestinal type represented together 31.4% of these cases; the micro-glandular and the colloid variants of the diffuse carcinoma represented 53.8%. In the 127 regional cases (42.9%) of the intestinal type all the lymph node metastases had the same histological structure as the primary whereas in the 43 regional cases (41.3%) of the diffuse type the structure was of the intestinal type in 4 cases (9.3%). Atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia were found in the gastric mucosa adjacent to the tumor in 91.9% of the males and in 91.2% of the females with the intestinal type; corresponding figures for the diffuse carcinoma are 21.6% and 45.9% (p < 0.000000001). Of 296 cases of the intestinal type 194 were males and 102 females with a ratio M/F = 1.90; the ratio for 61 males and 43 females with diffuse carcinoma was 1.41. There was no evidence of a statistical relationship between sex and histological type of tumor. Mean age for males with the intestinal type was 59.0 yrs, with diffuse carcinoma 55.9 (p < 0.05); for females with the intestinal type was 60.6 yrs, and with diffuse carcinoma 55.3 (p < 0.001). The age-group with the highest predominance of diffuse carcinoma was below 55 years (54.8% of the cases). In females below 55 yrs of age the diffuse type was more frequent than the intestinal type. In the three age groups considered (≤ 55, 56–65, ≥ 65 years) the diffuse carcinoma showed the same distribution in both sexes, whereas the intestinal type revealed less uniformity. Survival rates after 5 years followup of 221 patients with localized disease calculated by means of the life table method were 50% for the intestinal type and 42% for the diffuse carcinoma. Median survival time was 4 years and 9 months for the former and 3 years and 6 months for the latter. Adequate information on 264 cases demonstrated that 70% lived in the Province of Milan; the ratio of intestinal type carcinomas to diffuse carcinomas was 3.33 in Brianza (provincial area north of Milan) and 2.05 in the city of Milan. No relevant association was found between blood group and histologic type of carcinoma. From 1955 to 1967 the ratio between the intestinal and the diffuse type in the patients operated in this Institute seemed to indicated a slightly increasing trend.
Combination Chemiotherapy with 5-(3,3 dimethyl-1-triazeno) imidazole-4-carboxamide (DTIC; NSC-45388), 1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU; NSC-409962) and Vincristine (VCR; NSC - 67574) in Metastatic Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Beretta Gianni , Bajetta Emilio , Bonadonna Gianni , Tancini Gabriele , Orefice Sergio , Veronesi Umberto
Published: April 2018

The toxic and therapeutic effects obtained with a triple drug combination (BCNU, DTIC and VCR) administered in a cyclic fashion to 41 unselected evaluable patients with metastatic malignant melanoma are reported. Side effects were moderate and reversible. The overall regression rate was 44% without difference between males and females. Partial remission (> 50%) plus complete remission was 19.5% with an average duration of 5.1 months (1–20+). With the exclusion of bone lesions, all types of metastases showed regression especially those located in the soft tissues (lymph nodes and skin). The actuarial analysis of survival shows that responders live twice as long as non responders (median survival 12 months versus 6 months). However, the superior therapeutic efficacy of BCNU + DTIC + VCR over DTIC alone in metastatic melanoma remains to be demonstrated. A controlled study with different triple combinations is now in progress.
A Case Report of Richter's Syndrome with Review of the Literature
Authors: De Lena Mario , Goatin Paola , Bajetta Emilio
Published: April 2018

The case of a 65-year old man with chronic lymphocytic leukemia associated with reticulum cell sarcoma (histiocytic diffuse lymphoma) is reported. The patient was not pretreated with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. The simultaneous diagnosis was made when the patient was first hospitalized and not post-mortem. The coexistence of the two types of association (CLL+RSA and CLL+Hodgkin's disease, known as Richter's syndrome) is discussed.
Talc Pleural Poudrage in the Treatment of Recurrent Neoplastic Effusions
Authors: Pizzocaro Giorgio , Ravasi Gian Luigi , Bozzetti Federico , Vaglini Maurizio , La Monica Gaudenzio
Published: April 2018

Between 1966 and 1970, 23 talc pleural poudrages for neoplastic effusions were performed in 22 patients at the National Cancer Institute in Milan. No recurrence was observed in 16 cases and in another 2 the effusion recurred to a minor degree. Talc poudrage was ineffective in 2 patients and 3 died postoperatively. The median survival of the patients who had a complete remission of their pleural effusions was 8 months, with minimum of 2 months and maximum of 2 years. The best results were obtained in patients with pleural mesotheliomas or pleural metastatic carcinomas other than lung cancer. Talc pleural poudrage seemed to be more effective when performed early in patients not yet in the preterminal phase.
Hysterosalpingography in the Sequels of Conisation of the Uterine Cervix
Authors: Severini Aldo , Bergonzi Silvana
Published: April 2018

A hysterosalpingographic survey was made of 65 women of reproductive age who had undergone conisation of the uterine cervix for carcinoma in situ or severe dysplasia at least one year before. None of the patients investigated radiologically had undergone uterine surgery before conisation. In a high percentage of cases morphological changes of the cervical canal and, less frequently, the isthmus were found. Most of the changes are attributable to scar retraction, and the hysterosalpingographic findings did not differ appreciably from those following other types of gynecological surgery, namely, segmental or total stenosis and ectasia of the cervical canal and isthmus. A control series of patients with preoperative and postoperative hysterosalpingograms is now under consideration to confirm the radiological findings and to correlate them with clinical data.
Skin Tests in Childhood Lymphoma and Neuroblastoma
Authors: Gasparini Marco , Bardare Maria , Bellani Franca Fossati
Published: April 2018

Intradermal skin test antigen (Varidase, Mumps, Candidine) and contact sensitization with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) were employed in 35 previously untreated children with neuroblastoma and malignant lymphoma, to evaluate delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity. Cutaneous responses were correlated to stage of disease and survival. The limited number of patients prevents any definitive conclusion. It is apparent, however, that in childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma anergy to DNCB is correlated to advanced stages with rapid progressive disease. In neuroblastoma and Hodgkin's disease patients skin test sensitization seems to be of questionable clinical value.
Analysis of 100 Cases of Paget's Disease of the Breast
Authors: Salvadori Bruno , Fariselli Giuseppe , Saccozzi Roberto
Published: April 2018

Of 100 cases of Paget's disease of the breast admitted to the National Cancer Institute of Milan from 1940 to 1974, 91 were statistically evaluated. They were divided in two groups according to presence or absence of a palpable nodule. The results of surgical treatment in terms of 5 and 10 year survival rates were 59 and 44 %, respectively, with a median survival of 9 years. For the two separate subgroups, those with a palpable nodule were 38 and 22 % for 5 and 10 years, respectively, while those without a palpable nodule were 92 and 82 % for 5 and 10 years, respectively. For the two groups the median survival was 3.6 and 16.4 years, respectively. The extent of surgery should be dependent on the presence or absence of palpable nodules under the nipple. For the two groups (with and without) extended radical mastectomy and the Patey-Dawson mastectomy are recommended.
Short-Term Results of Combined Radioimmunotherapy in Inoperable Lung Cancer
Authors: Curcio Corrado Gallo , Vasile Carla , Gianciotta Antonio , Casali Alessandro , Gionfra Tommaso , Rinaldi Massimo , Guadagni Alfredo , Le Pera Vittorio , Sega Ercole
Published: April 2018

Fifty-three inoperable lung cancer patients were treated with radiotherapy combined with immunostimulation with BCG. A good response was obtained in 30 patients (56 %); the results were not significantly different than those obtained with a control group of 50 lung cancer patients matched by age, sex and stage of the disease (24 out of 50 = 46 %). These short-term results were compared with the immunologic « status » of patients evaluated before treatment by the parameters monitoring in vivo and in vitro delayed type hypersensitivity. The good response to therapy was documented in a higher percentage of patients with positive skin tests to recall and standard antigens and with normal values of lymphocyte transformation with PHA and Rosette E-forming cells, in comparison with patients with low levels of immunocompetence. An impairment of the cell-mediated immune response was found after combined therapy, presumably due to radiotherapy. BCG was not able to restore the patient's immunocompetence, no effect on host's immune reactivity was demonstrated. As regards humoral immunity, the patients with low levels of IgG before treatment (12/14) showed a good response.