bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Activated Gab1 drives hepatocyte proliferation and anti-apoptosis in liver fibrosis via potential involvement of the HGF/c-Met signaling axis
Authors: Nam Da-eun , Park Soo-Jeung , Omole Samson , Um Eugene , Hakami Ramin M. , Hahn Young S.
Published: June 2024

Chronic liver diseases are caused by hepatic viral infection, chemicals, and metabolic stress. The protein Grb2-associated binder 1 (Gab1) binds to various growth factor receptors, and triggers cell differentiation/survival signaling pathways. To identify signaling molecules involved in the progression of liver diseases, we performed reverse-phase protein microarray (RPMA)-based screening of hepatocytes isolated from humanized mice after acute HCV infection. Acute viral infection in humanized liver mice significantly decreased the level of hepatocyte p-Gab1. Moreover, hepatoma cells upon HCV infection decreased Gab1 mRNA at later times of infection (D3 to D5) and p-Gab1 level was inversely related to the production of TGF-β. In contrast, the level of p-Gab1 was increased in CCL4-induced fibrotic liver. Hepatoma cells showed elevation of p-Gab1, along with an increase in STAT3 and ERK activation, upon treatment with HGF (ligand of HGF receptor/c-Met) and CCL4. In Gab1 knockdown hepatoma cells, cell proliferative signaling activity was reduced but the level of activated caspase-3 was increased. These findings suggest that hepatocyte Gab1 expression may play a role in promoting liver fibrosis progression by triggering ERK activation and inhibiting apoptosis. It implies that the Gab1-mediated signaling pathway would be a promising therapeutic target to treat chronic liver diseases.
Creative industries research and innovation: Views from the United Kingdom and China regarding a future hub
Authors: Dong Hua , Bakhshi Hasan , Brooker Daniel , Bryan-Kinns Nick , Huang Yujia , Wang Jun , You Xinya , Ning Weining
Published: June 2024

This conversation piece focuses on the UK–China Creative Industries Research and Innovation Hub project. It explores the opportunities and challenges of collaboration between the two nations, and roles and functions of the future hub. The conversation took the form of a semi-structured interview with individuals from industry, academy, think tank and the government, from both the United Kingdom and China.
Development and Validation of a Tool for Assessing Adherence to Gluten-Free Diet in Patients With Celiac Disease
Authors: Mehtab Wajiha , Malhotra Anita , Upadhyay Ashish , Singh Namrata , Agarwal Ashish , Chauhan Ashish , Mehta Shubham , Ahmed Anam , Singh Alka , Sreenivas V. , Siddhu Anupa , Ahuja Vineet , Makharia Govind K.
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Life-long adherence to gluten-free diet (GFD) and its assessment is essential for patients with celiac disease (CeD). We have developed and validated a tool for assessing adherence to GFD which can be used by both physicians and dietitians.

METHODS:

Phase 1: Development, content validation, and assessment of reliability of tool. Phase 2: Validation of tool against standard dietary evaluation (SDE) (gold standard), immunoglobulin A - anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (IgA anti-tTG Ab), and gluten immunogenic peptides in urine. Overall, 380 biopsy-confirmed patients with CeD (derivation cohort: n = 100 [phase 1], n = 210 [phase 2] and independent validation cohort, n = 70) were recruited.

RESULTS:

Of an initial 90-point questionnaire, 84 items (Celiac Disease: Compliance Assessment Test [CD-CAT.v1]) were retained after content validation and pilot testing. In phase 1, upon administering CD-CAT.v1 on 100 patients, a comprehensive 35-item tool (CD-CAT.v2; α = 0.86) was obtained after removing items with low test-retest reliability and item-rest correlation values. In phase 2, upon administering CD-CAT.v2 on 210 patients, 22 items were removed having low correlation values (R < 0.4) with SDE. Finally, a 13-item tool (CD-CAT.v3; α = 0.84) was obtained with high criterion validity with SDE (r = 0.806, P < 0.001), moderate convergent validity with celiac disease adherence test (r = 0.602, P = 0.007), and moderate to weak correlation with urine gluten immunogenic peptides (r = 0.46, P = 0.001) and IgA anti-tTG Ab (r = 0.39, P = 0.008), respectively. The final 13-item tool also strongly correlated with SDE (r = 0.78, P < 0.001) in an independent validation cohort of 70 patients with CeD. Principal component analysis identified 3 relevant subscales with a cumulative variance of 62%. The sensitivity and specificity of CD-CAT.v3 were 80% and 91%, respectively, with an area under curve of 0.905 with SDE. The obtained cutoff score of <19 from the receiver operating characteristic curve was further categorized as 13 = excellent, 14–18 = very good, 19–28 = average, and >28 = poor adherence to GFD.

DISCUSSION:

CD-CAT is a new and rapid tool for monitoring dietary adherence to GFD with high sensitivity and specificity, which can be administered by both physicians and dietitians.
Arterial stiffness in subclinical atherosclerosis quantified with ultrafast pulse wave velocity measurements: a comparison with a healthy population using propensity score matching
Authors: Jiang Xuezhong , Ge Weiming , Huang Hui , Li Yating , Liu Xiaojing , Pang Huiyan , He Rui , Wang Hui , Zhu Zhengqiu , He Ping , Wang Yinping , Ma Xuehui , Ren Airong , Shen Bixiao , Wang Meijuan
Published: June 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate changes in ultrafast pulse wave velocity (ufPWV) in individuals with arterial stiffness and subclinical atherosclerosis (subAS), and to provide cutoff values.Methods: This retrospective study recruited 231 participants, including 67 patients with subAS. The pulse wave velocity was measured at the beginning and end of systole (PWV-BS and PWVES, respectively) using ultrafast ultrasonography to assess arterial stiffness. The right and left common carotid arteries were measured separately, and laboratory metabolic parameters were also collected. Participants were balanced between groups using propensity score matching (PSM) at a 1:1 ratio, adjusting for age, sex, and waist-to-hip ratio as potential confounders. Cutoff values of ufPWV for monitoring subAS were determined via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.Results: PWV-ES, unlike PWV-BS, was higher in the subAS subgroup than in the subAS-free group after PSM (all P<0.05). For each 1 m/s increase in left, right, and bilateral mean PWV-ES, the risk of subAS increased by 23% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 1.46), 26% (95% CI, 1.07 to 1.52), and 38% (95% CI, 1.12 to 1.72), respectively. According to ROC analyses, predictive potential was found for left PWV-ES (cutoff value=7.910 m/s, P=0.002), right PWV-ES (cutoff value=6.615 m/s, P=0.003), and bilateral mean PWV-ES (cutoff value=7.415 m/s, P<0.001), but not for PWV-BS (all P>0.05).Conclusion: PWV-ES measured using ultrafast ultrasonography was significantly higher in individuals with subAS than in those without. Specific PWV-ES cutoff values showed potential for predicting an increased risk of subAS.
The Impact of D-limonene on Cell Membrane Barrier of Pichia kluyveri Y-11519 from Sichuan Pickles
Authors: Zeng Chaoyi , Tandhanskul Atittaya , Krungkaew Samatcha , Likhanapaiboon Tanawan , Kasayapanan Witthawat , Chaisayan Watanya , Yasurin Patchanee , Tang Jie , Phusantisampan Theerawut , Tawai Atthasit
Published: June 2024

Sichuan pickles (SCP) are a traditional method of preserving vegetables in China. Through the spontaneous fermentation of microorganisms in brine water, it forms a unique flavor to meet with food industry’s requirements. However, the microorganisms in salt water determine the quality of SCP, and the film-forming phenomenon is considered to be the key to the spoilage of SCP, which seriously restricts the industrial development of SCP. We have noticed that in folk, lemon peel is often added to pickles to prevent the appearance of the film. Currently, the extract D-limonene from orange or lemon peel is recognized as a Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) food additive and exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. However, there have been no reports on the effects of D-limonene on Pichia kluyveri (P. kluyveri), the microorganism responsible for the "film-forming" phenomenon in SCP. In this study, D-limonene was used to treat P. kluyveri Y-11519, a membranous microorganism of SCP, and the cell morphology, surface charge, membrane potential, and intracellular macromolecule leakage before and after treatment were observed. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration of D-limonene against P. kluyveri Y-11519 was 20 μL/mL, and the minimum fungicidal concentration was 40 μL/mL. After treatment with this concentration of D-limonene, the growth of P. kluyveri Y-11519 cells was delayed, cells exhibited deformation and shrinkage, cell membrane integrity was compromised, permeability increased, intracellular substances leaked, ultimately leading to cell death.
Effect of Myristica fragrans on PGC1α and Synaptophysin Expression in Male Wistar Rats Hippocampus
Authors: Veronica Fifi , Goenawan Hanna , Bahjah Firda Hanan , Najmi Nuroh , Lesmana Ronny
Published: June 2024

Background: Nutmeg is an indigenous plant from Indonesia that has been used extensively in herbal treatment. Nutmeg seed extract (NuSE) contains the active compound macelignan, which exhibits pharmacological activities. A previous study stated that NuSE is PPARγ or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist that potentially enhances synaptic signal modulation. PPARγ activation can activate PGC1α or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha as the primary regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. Mitochondria are involved in synaptic transmission. Increased modulation of signals at synapses can increase neuroplasticity, potentially improving the brain's cognitive function, as seen by the amount of Synaptophysin in the synaptic vesicle membrane for evaluating synaptogenesis.Objective: This research demonstrates how nutmeg seed extract (NuSE) affects PGC1α and synaptophysin expression compared with DHA or docosahexanoieac acid, which has been evidenced to promote neurite growth.Methods: Twenty-four Wistar male rats aged eight weeks were divided into four groups (control, PGA group, NuSE group, and DHA group). The treatment group was administered for 12 weeks using a gavage. After that, the rats were sacrificed, and the hippocampus neurons were collected. The PGC1α and Synaptophysin mRNA expression was measured using semiquantitative reversed PCR, visualized with electrophoresis, and then quantified with ImageJ.Results: This study showed that NuSE increased synaptophysin and PGC1α mRNA expressions compared to the control group with significance statistic (p=0.017, p<0,05) in synaptophysin expression but did not increase PGC1α expression significantly (p=0.364, p>0,05).Conclusion: In conclusion, nutmeg seed extract (NuSE) impacts synaptogenesis in synaptophysin expression to modulate synaptic transmission.
The Impact of Butterfly Pea Flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) Extract on Atherosclerosis Biomarker Profiles in Obese White Rats (Rattus norvegicus L.)
Authors: Harefa Karnirius , Ritonga Ahmad Hafizullah , Aritonang Barita , Gurusinga Rahmad , Wulan Sri , Irmayani Irmayani
Published: June 2024

Background: Clitoria ternatea L., commonly known as butterfly pea flower, has gained attention as a potential agent in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis due to its rich content of bioactive compounds, such as anthocyanin, a type of flavonoid renowned for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, along with its ability to enhance the immune system.Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the positive impact of butterfly pea flower extract on atherosclerosis biomarker profiles.Methods: The approach framework used in this research is a true experimental laboratory with a Control Group Post-Test design. Obese male white rats were selected as the research subjects. Thirty-six obese white rats were randomly divided into six groups using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method. The data collected were VCAM and IL-6 levels from the blood serum of obese white rats tested using an ELISA photometer. The tunica intima thickness was measured using a microscope. Data were analyzed employing SPSS 18 software, utilizing one-way ANOVA statistical tests and post hoc Tukey tests.Results: The research showed that with the increase in Butterfly Flower Extract (BPFE) dose, there was a consistently lower level of inflammatory biomarkers, such as VCAM-1 and IL-6, compared to positive controls and other variations, as well as tunica intima thickness was thinning than others. A dose of 600 mg/kg BW (P3 group) had VCAM-1 levels up to 30.40 ± 6.71 ng/mL, IL-6 levels up to 17.70 ± 8.29 ng/mL, and tunica intima thickness up to 3.18 ± 1.24 µm.Conclusion: BPFE effectively lowers inflammatory biomarkers and thins the tunica intima thickness in obese white rats at 600 mg/kg BW dose. It may offer promising therapeutic potential in addressing atherosclerosis.
Novel Endophytic Bacteria Isolates from Andaliman (Zancthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) which Potentially Inhibit Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Rizqoh Debie , Amelia Aisyah , Kumala Wulan Okta , Sipriyadi Sipriyadi , Suryani Utari Hartati , Sariyanti Mardhatillah
Published: June 2024

Background: Irrational use of antibiotics has various side effects to resistance. Utilization of secondary metabolites of Andaliman plant endophytic bacteria (Z. acanthopodium DC) is an alternative known to act as an antibacterial to overcome this problem.Objective: This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of the crude extract of Andaliman endophytic bacteria against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.  Methods: This research is an experimental laboratory with qualitative data collection methods. The initial stages will be the isolation of endophytic bacteria from Andaliman, the antagonist test of Andaliman endophyte isolates against E. coli and S. aureus, and the extraction of endophytic bacterial isolates using ethyl acetate as solvent. An antagonistic test of bacterial isolate extract was performed using the disc diffusion method against pathogenic bacteria E. coli and S. aureus and observed by an inhibition zone. The final stage is the minimum inhibition test of endophytic isolates by dilution method on three potential endophytic isolates.Results: The results of the extraction of isolates EAA22, EAA28, EAB5, EAB6, and EAB7 Andaliman endophytic bacteria have inhibitory activity against S.aureus, and the results of the extraction of isolates EAB5, EAB6, EAA22 have inhibitory activity against E. coli.Conclusion: Endophyte bacteria isolates from Andaliman produce antibacterial compounds against E. coli and S. aureus.
Increased Level of The Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type-1 is Associated with Severity of NAFLD
Authors: Indiarso Didik , Prasetyo Agung , Hirlan Hirlan , Purnomo Hery Djagat
Published: June 2024

Background: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) has been the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. In NAFLD, elevated Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is associated with risk factors for thrombosis and hypercoagulable state.Objective: This study explored the relationship between NAFLD as an independent factor for increasing PAI-1 in the presence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance.Methods: This observational study used a cross-sectional design with 80 subjects including 40 patients with NAFLD and 40 without NAFLD at dr. Kariadi Semarang who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Measurement of plasma PAI-1 levels was done using ELISA method.Results: A total of 80 patients were included. In the case group, based on abdominal ultrasound, NAFLD was mostly found in the mild category (86%), while the rest were moderate (10%), and severe (4%). Only 25% were found in the Simple Steatosis category, and 75% were suspected of having NASH (NAS = 3-4) and NASH (NAS > 5). There was a significant difference between plasma PAI-1 level and the incidence of NAFLD (p = 0.011). The mean PAI-1 level between the three NAFLD severity categories also shown a significant difference (p = 0.032).Conclusion: There is an increase in PAI-1 levels in patients with NAFLD. PAI-1 levels have an independent effect on the degree of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.
The Activity of Liposome-Parijoto Formula Through p53 Expression in HepG2 Cell Line
Authors: Sasikirana Widyandani , Dianingati Ragil Setia , Anam Khairul , Annisaa' Eva , Rohana Evieta
Published: June 2024

Parijoto, one of Melastomaceae family, has been known to have cytotoxic activity in HepG2, a hepatocellular cancer cell line, but with low activity. However, the ethyl acetate fraction of Parijoto gave the highest antioxidant and cytotoxic activity in 4T1. Then, purification and liposome formulation need to be carried out to increase the activity of Parijoto extract.  Objective: This research aimed to study the cytotoxic activity and molecular mechanism of LEA (Liposom-Ethyl Acetate of Parijoto Fraction) in HepG2. Method: Extraction has been done by maceration, followed by partition using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. LEA formulation was carried out by thin-layer hydration with modification and the formula was sized using a bath sonicator.  Cytotoxic activity test of LEA and extract was performed in five serial concentrations (3,9 µg/mL–250 µg/mL), while the positive control doxorubicin performed in 3,9 µg/mL – 250 µg/mL by MTT assay. P53 gene expression was analyzed by using PCR-electrophoresis. Result: Results showed that LEA increased the cytotoxic activity (IC50 = 28.40 μg/ml). Furthermore, based on the electrophoresis study, LEA induced the p53 expression while the extract only did not. Conclusion: Liposome formula from ethyl acetate fraction of Parijoto extract (LEA) was able to increase cytotoxic activity and p53 gene expression was possible through the apoptotic mechanism. This shows that this formula is a promising strategy to improve the bioavailability of herbal medicines as cytotoxic agents.
Effect Of Zinc Administration in Preventing Ethambutol-Induced Optic Neuropathy in Wistar Rats Model
Authors: Prihatningtias Riski , Hardiyanti Disti , Maharani Maharani , Wildan Arief , Saubig Arnila Novitasari , Istiadi Hermawan
Published: June 2024

Background: Ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy (E-TON) is one of the most common optic neuropathies, especially in developing countries with an increasing rate of Tuberculosis (TB). Various outcomes of visual impairment that may lead to permanent visual loss makes it imperative to prescribe supplementation to prevent E-TON. Zinc supplementation is suggested as one of many to prevent E-TON given that ethambutol is a Zn chelator.Purpose: To analyze the apoptosis rate of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) in Wistar rats given ethambutol and Zinc supplementation.Methods: Experimental analysis research. True – experimental design and post-test only using Wistar rats. Subjects were divided into 2 groups, treatment grup was given Ethambutol and Zn and control group was given ethambutol without Zn for 30 days. Assessment of apoptosis rate was concluded by an anatomical pathologist with histopathological scoring using Hematoxylin Eosin staining. Differences between two grups were statistically analyzed using Mann Whitney U test, (Signifikan p <0,05).Results: From Distribution of rate apoptosis in treatment group was found 28.6% without apoptosis, 71.4% score 1 and no score > 1. There was a significantly different in apoptosis retinal ganglion cell between two grups (p= 0.015).Conclusion: The rate of retinal ganglion cell apoptosis was lower in rats treated ethambutol with Zn than without Zn.
The Effect of Increased Glucose Induction on GSH Levels in Insulin Gaussia Luciferase (iGL) Cells Derived from Rat Pancreatic Beta Cells
Authors: Ardiansah Fery , Stujanna Endin Nokik , Sanjaya Arief Indra , Listiyaningsih Erlin , Ningsih Sri Suciati , Ujianti Irena , Lestari Dwi Retna
Published: June 2024

Background: Prolonged hyperglycaemia can make the pancreatic beta cells work harder and cause fatigue. When this happens, it can trigger oxidative stress reactions, which can produce free radical compounds that can damage pancreatic beta cells. The body compensates by activating protective mechanisms such as the production of antioxidant compounds to reduce the levels of free radicals in the cells. One such compound is glutathione (GSH). Insulin Gaussia Luciferase (iGL) cells are a cell line derived from rat pancreatic β (beta) cells. These cells can be used as a model of oxidative stress in hyperglycaemia to measure GSH levels and there are no studies using iGL cells to measure GSH levels. Therefore, in this study, the iGL cells are used as the object of research.Objective: To investigate the effect of GSH levels on glucose toxicity condition through in vitro experiments on iGL cells.Methods: The study used 5 different glucose concentrations of 11, 16.5, 22, 33, and 44 mM with the addition of iGL cell growth medium exposed for 7 days. We measured the amount of intracellular GSH using a colourimetric method at a wavelength of 405 nm. The analysis used in this study was a one-way ANOVA test. Differences between groups were tested using SPSS.Results: The results of this study showed that there was an increasing trend in total GSH levels on the third and seventh day.Conclusion: there was a daily decrease in GSH/cell in the iGL sample cells exposed to different concentrations of glucose for 7 days. This can be due to an increase in the oxidative stress reactions in the cells, which can lead to a decrease in the levels of antioxidants.
Analysis of economic benefits and energy value of intercropping Stropharia rugosoannulata under rubber forests in Hainan Province of China
Authors: Tian Jingyun , Liao Wanjie , Khan Mohammad Nauman , Cheng Shizhao , Zou Ruilong , Li Qian , Tao Ye , Nie Lixiao
Published: June 2024

To stabilize China's rubber planting area and maintain the security of China's natural latex supply as a strategic material, developing the cultivation of edible fungi under rubber forests is considered an effective solution. However, the proportion of suitable substrate for cultivating edible fungi under forests has not been clearly defined. The lack of clarity in economic and energy utilization efficiency hinders the promotion and development of the under-forest cultivation mode of edible fungi. In this study, we investigated the yield performance of Stropharia rugosoannulata cultivated under the forest using 9 different cultivation proportions. Additionally, we examined the economic and energy efficiency by calculating the input and output of each cultivation proportion, with S. rugosoannulata as the target. The results showed that proportion F (rubber sawdust: rice straw: rice chaff = 3:3:2) made full use of local agroforestry wastes. This proportion not only achieved the highest yield (8.51 kg m-2) but also had the highest economic value, reaching 21.57 CNY m-2. Therefore, it is the most suitable for widespread cultivation under the forest. This study provides reliable theoretical support for the rubber-fungus model while enhancing the rubber forest economy.
Homogenization of Smoluchowski-type equations with transmission boundary conditions
Authors: Franchi Bruno , Lorenzani Silvia
Published: June 2024

In this work, we prove a two-scale homogenization result for a set of diffusion-coagulation Smoluchowski-type equations with transmission boundary conditions. This system is meant to describe the aggregation and diffusion of pathological tau proteins in the cerebral tissue, a process associated with the onset and evolution of a large variety of tauopathies (such as Alzheimer’s disease). We prove the existence, uniqueness, positivity and boundedness of solutions to the model equations derived at the microscale (that is the scale of single neurons). Then, we study the convergence of the homogenization process to the solution of a macro-model asymptotically consistent with the microscopic one.
Evaluation of chloride stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of stainless steels
Authors: Johns Earl , Friedersdorf Fritz , Eklund Keith , Brockenbrough John , Hipwell Nathan , Brown Nate , Stiger Matt
Published: June 2024

The comparative chloride stress corrosion cracking (Cl-SCC) susceptibility for 304 L, 316 L, 317 L, and AL-6XN was evaluated using double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens in boiling MgCl2 by measuring the threshold stress intensity (KISCC), crack initiation time, and stage-II crack growth rate (CGR) for each material using in situ monitoring. Materials 304 L, 316 L, and 317 L were measured to have KISCC upper limit values of 2.5–5 MPa√m, substantially lower than previously measured for 304 L in DCB specimens in boiling MgCl2. The KISCC for AL-6XN was measured to be substantially higher, as would be expected in this more highly alloyed material. This work describes the challenge in measuring low KISCC values and how this was accomplished in the present work. More prototypical conditions were used to evaluate Cl-SCC behavior of 304 L using a DCB-like geometry with a smooth gauge area in a low humidity environment in the presence of MgCl2 salt. Finite element modeling (FEM) was used to establish the relationship between applied loads and stress and strain. Loading to 15 % strain led to low temperature creep that masked in situ Cl-SCC measurements. Below the yield stress (YS), no low temperature creep was observed, and Cl-SCC cracking could be distinguished using in situ methods.
Charting the Trajectory of Corpus Translation Studies: Exploring Future Avenues for Advancement
Authors: Wu Kan , Lei Victoria L.C. , Li Defeng
Published: June 2024

This article delves into the trajectory of corpus translation studies (CTS) over the past two decades, summarizing key areas of existing research and identifying potential gaps and challenges within the field. The review encompasses various research areas, including translation universals, translator style, translation norms, and translation pedagogy. It acknowledges the valuable contributions made in these areas while also highlighting potential areas for improvement, such as the need to incorporate functional aspects in translator style research and align translation training programs with professional requirements. The review introduces (De Sutter, Gert, and Marie-Aude Lefer. 2020. “On the Need for a New Research Agenda for Corpus-Based Translation Studies: A Multi-Methodological, Multifactorial and Interdisciplinary Approach.” Perspectives 28 (1): 1–23) new research agenda for CTS, which advocates for multifactorial designs, methodological pluralism, and interdisciplinarity. This agenda facilitates two analysis modes: one utilizing corpus methods to examine translation products, and the other employing diverse methods to investigate products, processes, participants, and contexts in corpus-assisted translation practices. It is argued that these two analysis modes offer valuable guidance for future corpus-assisted translation studies.
The Nationalized Politics of Police Reform
Authors: Sances Michael W.
Published: June 2024

Policing in the United States is highly decentralized, but recent events have propelled the issue of police reform onto the national agenda. I assess the extent to which the issue of local police reform has become nationalized, or correlated with national party divisions. I document such correlations in survey questions put to the mass public, in bills introduced in Congress, and in bills introduced and enacted in state legislatures. In the mass public, Democrats and Republicans disagree on many issues related to police reform, but majorities of both parties see a need for reform and support many of the same proposals. In contrast, Congress sees sharp partisan divisions on almost every police reform bill introduced, including bills that would enact reforms with bipartisan public support. While my state-level analysis is more suggestive, I find states with more Democratic voters are more likely to introduce and enact police-related bills. In addition to describing nationalization, the analysis reveals a disconnect: while partisans in the mass public are not polarized on specific reforms, elites at the national and state level are.
Ten Years Later: How Water Crises in Flint and Detroit Transformed the Politics of U.S. Water Policy
Authors: David Olivia , Hughes Sara
Published: June 2024

The year 2014 is a notorious landmark for U.S. water policy. During that year, water crises in two Michigan cities – contamination in Flint and water service shutoffs in Detroit – brought renewed attention to the inadequacies of U.S. drinking water policy for ensuring access to safe and affordable water. The crises exposed the cities’ shared economic challenges rooted in histories of disinvestment and racial inequality. The events drew national and international responses, in part from the hard work and political successes of local resident-activists, ultimately leading to state and federal level policy change. Ten years later, we see three ways the water crises in Flint and Detroit transformed the politics of U.S. water policy: greater visibility of water politics and infrastructures, greater focus on water access and affordability in addition to historic focus on quality, and greater attention to the racial dimensions of water policy decisions. These shifts are evident in federal and state policy and administrative agendas, political coalitions’ priorities and strategies, and narratives of water policy in media coverage and public discourse. Despite historic progress and investment, the U.S. still lacks the necessary structures for comprehensive policy reform to ensure equitable access to safe drinking water, and public trust in water utilities is at an all-time low. Continuing to advance on water justice requires taking full advantage of the new landscape of water politics, including by engaging in scholarship and praxis that take intersectional approaches, and implementing policies that promote systemic reform rather than individual crisis response.
Spatial distribution and driving factors of karst rocky desertification in Southwest China based on GIS and geodetector
Authors: Wei Dengfeng , Chang Yue , Song Danni , Kuang Honghai
Published: June 2024

Rocky desertification is a pressing environmental concern in Southwest China, and it significantly impacts local living conditions and regional sustainability. Employing remote sensing on a macro scale, this study focuses on identifying and analyzing the spatial distribution and driving factors of rocky desertification. Conducted in Southwest China, using Landsat data from Google Earth Engine, the research quantitatively extracts information on rocky desertification patches through spectral analysis methods. We investigated the spatial distribution characteristics and driving factors of rocky desertification through geographic information system spatial analysis and a geodetector model. The main conclusions are as follows. The area of rocky desertification in Southwest China covers 217530.4 km² (accounting for 15.6% of Southwest China), with areas of slight, moderate, and severe rocky desertification at 81.3, 7.1, and 11.6%, respectively. Spatially, rocky desertification is primarily distributed in areas where lithology is carbonate rock between clastic rocks and continuous limestone, slope exceeds 15°, elevation range is 1,000–2,000 m, land use types are grassland and woodland, precipitation is 80–120 mm, and population density is below 50 people/km². Human activities have a minimal influence in comparison to natural factors. Geodetector analysis identifies lithology, land use types, and slope as primary driving factors, with interactive effects of lithology and land use type and slope and land use type jointly influencing rocky desertification formation in Southwest China. The results of the study provide a scientific basis for an in-depth understanding of rocky desertification in Southwest China and for the management of rocky desertification.
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia treated via fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion improves outcome in a middle-income country
Authors: Manfroi Amanda , Bernardes Lisandra S. , de Oliveira Luiza M.C. , Peres Stela V. , de Carvalho Werther B. , Tannuri Ana C.A. , da Silva Marcos M. , del Bigio Juliana Z. , de Amorim Filho Antonio G. , de Carvalho Mário Henrique Burlacchini , de Francisco Rossana Pulcineli Vieira , Carvalho Mariana A.
Published: June 2024

Objectives

A recent European randomized trial – Tracheal Occlusion To Accelerate Lung Growth – demonstrated that fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion (FETO) is associated with increased postnatal survival among infants with severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). However, this differs in middle-income countries such as Brazil, where abortion is illegal and neonatal intensive care is inadequate. This study evaluated the effects of FETO on improving the survival of infants with moderate-to-severe CDH in isolated and non-isolated cases.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study selected 49 fetuses with CDH, a normal karyotype, and a lung-to-head ratio (LHR) of <1 from a single national referral center for fetal surgery in São Paulo, Brazil, between January 2016 and November 2019. FETO was performed between 26 and 29 weeks of gestation. The primary outcomes were infant survival until discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit and survival until six months of age.

Results

Forty-six women with singleton fetuses having severe CDH underwent prenatal intervention with FETO. Infant survival rates until discharge and at six months of age were both 38 %. The observed-to-expected LHR increased by 25 % after FETO in neonates who survived until discharge. Spontaneous intrauterine death occurred in four growth-restricted fetuses after FETO. Preterm birth in <37 weeks and preterm rupture of membranes in <34 weeks occurred in 56.5 % (26) and 26 % (12) cases, respectively.

Conclusions

FETO may increase neonatal survival in fetuses with severe CDH, particularly in countries with limited neonatal intensive care.
Perovskite: a key structure for a sustainable hydrogen economy
Authors: Sanson Alessandra
Published: June 2024

Perovskites materials, due to their peculiar electronic and ionic properties, play a key role in the development of hydrogen-based technologies. Their flexible structure enables an easy tuning of various physical-chemical characteristics, such as ionic and electronic conductivity and redox active sites concentration, fundamental for these applications. Moreover, the same structure can exhibit different properties that can synergically act to improve the performance of the material for a specific application.
Chronic Social Defeat Stress Increases Brain Permeability to Ghrelin in Male Mice
Authors: Smith Andrea , MacAulay Brenna , Scheufen Jessica , Hudak Abagael , Abizaid Alfonso
Published: June 2024

Ghrelin is a stomach-derived hormone that increases feeding and is elevated in response to chronic psychosocial stressors. The effects of ghrelin on feeding are mediated by the binding of ghrelin to the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), a receptor located in hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic regions important for regulating food intake and metabolic rate. The ability of ghrelin to enter the brain, however, seems to be restricted to circumventricular organs like the median eminence and the brainstem area postrema, whereas ghrelin does not readily enter other GHSR-expressing regions like the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Interestingly, social stressors result in increased blood–brain barrier permeability, and this could therefore facilitate the entry of ghrelin into the brain. To investigate this, we exposed mice to social defeat stress for 21 d and then peripherally injected a Cy5-labelled biologically active ghrelin analog. The results demonstrate that chronically stressed mice exhibit higher Cy5-ghrelin fluorescence in several hypothalamic regions in addition to the ARC, including the hippocampus and midbrain. Furthermore, Cy5-ghrelin injections resulted in increased FOS expression in regions associated with the reward system in chronically stressed mice. Further histologic analyses identified a reduction in the branching of hypothalamic astrocytes in the ARC-median eminence junction, suggesting increased blood–brain barrier permeability. These data support the hypothesis that during metabolically challenging conditions like chronic stress, ghrelin may be more able to cross the blood–brain barrier and diffuse throughout the brain to target GHSR-expressing brain regions away from circumventricular organs.
Symmetry in Frontal But Not Motor and Somatosensory Cortical Projections
Authors: Papale Andrew E. , Harish Madhumita , Paletzki Ronald F. , O’Connor Nathan J. , Eastwood Brian S. , Seal Rebecca P. , Williamson Ross S. , Gerfen Charles R. , Hooks Bryan M.
Published: June 2024

The neocortex and striatum are topographically organized for sensory and motor functions. While sensory and motor areas are lateralized for touch and motor control, respectively, frontal areas are involved in decision-making, where lateralization of function may be less important. This study contrasted the topographic precision of cell-type–specific ipsilateral and contralateral cortical projections while varying the injection site location in transgenic mice of both sexes. While sensory cortical areas had strongly topographic outputs to the ipsilateral cortex and striatum, they were weaker and not as topographically precise to contralateral targets. The motor cortex had somewhat stronger projections but still relatively weak contralateral topography. In contrast, frontal cortical areas had high degrees of topographic similarity for both ipsilateral and contralateral projections to the cortex and striatum. Corticothalamic organization is mainly ipsilateral, with weaker, more medial contralateral projections. Corticostriatal computations might integrate input outside closed basal ganglia loops using contralateral projections, enabling the two hemispheres to act as a unit to converge on one result in motor planning and decision-making.
ET VE ET ÜRÜNLERİNDE PSEUDOMONAS BİYOÇEŞİTLİLİĞİ, BOZUCU ÖZELLİKLERİ, BİYOFİLM ÜRETİMİ VE ÇOĞUNLUK ALGILAMA (QUORUM SENSING) SİSTEMİ
Authors: Küçükata Yasemin Şefika , Yetim Hasan , Metin Banu
Published: June 2024

Bozulma yapan mikroorganizmalar ve/veya patojenler gıda endüstrisinde bir endişe kaynağıdır. Pseudomonas türleri, düşük sıcaklıklarda depolanan gıda ürünlerinde gelişebilen, Gram negatif, aerobik ve psikrotrofik bakterilerdir. Çiğ ette bozulmaya sebebiyet veren türler arasında Pseudomonas fragi, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida ve Pseudomonas lundensis sayılmaktadır. Ette kötü koku, tat, renk bozulması ve mukus üretimine sebep olan psikrotrof pseudomonadlar, buzdolabı sıcaklıklarında ve aerobik şartlarda saklanan çiğ et için sorun teşkil etmektedir. Düşük sıcaklıklarda saklanan etlerde gelişen bazı Pseudomonas türleri güçlü biyofilm üreticileridir. Pseudomonadların bozulma faaliyetleri, çoğunluk algılama (Quorum Sensing, QS) olarak bilinen hücreler arası iletişim sistemi ile ilişkilidir. QS sistemi, bakterilerin olumsuz koşullara maruz kaldıklarında ürettikleri moleküller aracılığıyla çoğunluklarını algılayarak patojenite ile ilgili genlerin kodlanmasından sorumludur. Pseudomonadların ette bozulma yapma mekanizmasının anlaşılması, gelişimlerinin engellenebilmesi için önemlidir. Et pseudomonadlarının QS sistemi hakkındaki araştırmalar oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu derleme çalışmasında et pseudomonadlarının biyoçeşitliliği, bozucu özellikleri, biyofilm oluşturma yetenekleri ve QS sistemlerinin, etin bozulma süreçleri üzerindeki etkileri tartışılmıştır.
Pengaruh Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Teaching Factory, Penguasaan Softskill terhadap Kesiapan kerja Siswa SMK
Authors: Dewi Sinta  , Raya Sulistyowati  , Wesi Lestari  , Rahayu Setya Ningsih
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini merujuk pada penelitian sebelumnya mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kesiapan kerja siswa SMK. Berdasarkan data dari Badan Pusat Statistik yag menunjukan angka pengangguran yang tinggi lulusan SMK, observasi dari sekolah juga menunjukan bahwa siswa yang telah lulus memiliki kesiapan kerja yang menurun dari tahun ke tahun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel teaching factory dan penguasaan soft skill terhadap kesiapan kerja siswa SMK. Penelitian ini menggunakan data siswa kelas XI Jurusan Bisnis Digital di SMK Negeri 1 Surabaya yang telah melaksanakan kurikulum Merdeka. Metode analisis data menggunakan analisis berganda dengan Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket dan diolah menggunakan aplikasi IBM SPSS 22. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa teaching factory memiliki pengaruh yang positif dna signifikan terhadap kesiapan kerja siswa. Selain itu varibel penguasaan soft skill juga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kesiapan kerja siswa.
Wildlife microbiomes and the city: a systematic review of urban impacts on wildlife bacterial communities
Authors: Nguyen Hanh KD , Jones Penelope J , Kendal Dave , Powell Shane M , Flies Emily J
Published: June 2024

This systematic review aims to investigate how urban living influences the microbiome of wildlife. We included all studies that compared the bacterial communities of non-human vertebrate wildlife living inside vs outside cities, and/or across an urbanisation gradient. We found that the effect of urban living on bacterial diversity and community composition was not unidirectional: some studies found a positive association, others found a negative association, and some found no relationship. The definition of ‘urban’ was not specified in more than half of the studies, and when included, was not consistent across studies; paired with limited site replication in many studies, these features could have obscured the impacts of urban living. Most studies also focused on urban-adapted wildlife species. Future studies that include clear definitions for ‘urban’ environments and good replication of land uses within contrasting environments would help clarify the impact of urban living on wildlife microbiomes and wildlife health.
MITIGATING THE INTERFERENCE IN DYNAMIC SPECTRA IN THE PRESENCE OF POWERFUL SIGNALS. Part 2. NARROWBAND INTERFERENCES OF CONDITIONALLY STATIONARY CHARACTER
Authors:   Future University Hakodate, Ryabov V. , Zakharenko V. ,   Institute of Radio Astronomy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,   V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharlanova V. ,   Institute of Radio Astronomy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: June 2024

Subject and Purpose. A new method for detecting narrow band interferences is discussed, with the use of an example record of Jovi- an Io-C decametric radio storm as obtained with the UTR-2 array on April 10, 2020. We aimed at developing an efficient and simple algorithm based on a detailed analysis of the effect the radio interference environment and the frequency response of the telescope may have on the efficiency of the interference mitigation procedure. Methods and Methodology. The ‘orthogonal detection’ method proposed for identifying linear interference patterns in dynamic spectra of powerful radio sources has been adapted for application to narrow band interferences of various spectral widths and variable brightness, which often happen to be located close to (or intersect with) the signal of interest. In order to minimize the impact of the telescope’s frequency response, a discretized frequency-scanning technique is used, which permits a steady approximation of the averaged spectrum by low order polynomials, as well as removal of the frequency trend which hinders distinguishing between the low-level interference signals and those coming from the source. Results. An efficient approach to the problem of detecting long lasting, narrowband interferences in dynamical spectra (con- ditionally stationary interferences) is proposed. The algorithm has been tested on the example of a powerful storm of Jovian radio emission. The proposed technique can be especially useful in situations where the signal of interest overlaps with the interference in the time-frequency domain. Conclusions. The new approach to the problem of interference mitigation, based on the development of combined algorithms of signal separation in the time-frequency domain, has been shown to offer an effective method of signal processing. In contrast to the previously used methods based on calculation of statistical moments for amplitudes, the new approach allows avoiding use of the same statistical indicators for both interference detection and subsequent steps of data analysis intended for building physical models and interpreting the observational data.
A RECONFIGURABLE METASURFACE IN THE FORM OF A FABRY-PÉROT RESONATOR, INVOLVING SEMI-TRANSPARENT MIRRORS AND A NONLINEAR DIELECTRICINSERT
Authors:   V.N. Karazin National University of Kharkiv, Antonenko Ye. , Antonenko Yu. ,   Institute of Radio Astronomy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Gribovsky A. ,   Institute of Radio Astronomy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Katrich V. ,   V.N. Karazin National University of Kharkiv
Published: June 2024

Subject and Purpose. The paper is aimed at suggesting ways for implementing electromagnetic devices that would involve a nonlinear dielectric inside the structure for concentrating electromagnetic field within it at relatively low intensities of the excitation field. A representative example is offered by a Fabry-Pérot resonator with semi-transparent mirrors and a nonlinear dielectric inside. Methods and Methodology. The paper presents a fundamentally new approach to controlling the frequency response of a metasurface, and a method for protecting electronic modules from high excitation powers. The method is based on the use of nonlinear properties of a Fabry-Pérot "resonator-capacitor" containing a nonlinear dielectric in its volume. Thus, we propose a method for creating spatial filters and antenna protecting fairings capable of active reconfiguration. Results. Analysis of the results has shown that by changing the voltage across the resonator-capacitor plates it is possible to control the degree of electromagnetic field localization in the resonator volume. The frequency response of the metasurface based on the Fabry-Pérot resonator with a nonlinear dielectric inside can be reconfigured by changing the voltage applied to the resonator mirrors. The advantages provided by electrical control of the frequency-selective characteristics include an increased efficiency and possibility of integrating digitally controllable systems into antennas. Conclusions. The use of a Fabry-Pérot "resonator-capacitor"model, with a nonlinear dielectric inside, in the capacity of a reconfigurable metasurface, else as a power limiter in a variety of devices, has sufficient prospects for application in microwave transmitting systems. A special area of application for the reconfigurable Fabry-Pérot resonators is creation of broadband receive antenna systems for direction- finding. In essence, the proposed Fabry-Pérot resonator is a reflective antenna array with an ability to exhibit, conceal or alter its electrodynamic properties according to a certain algorithm. This opens up prospects for its application in "friend-or-foe" recognition systems, reflective beacons, navigation systems, etc.