bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing the roles of different extracellular polymeric substance fractions of a periphytic biofilm in defending against Fe2O3nanoparticle toxicity
Authors: Tang Jun , Zhu Ningyuan , Zhu Yan , Kerr Philip , Wu Yonghong
Published: June 2017

The roles of different extracellular polymeric substance fractions of a periphytic biofilm in defending against Fe2O3nanoparticle toxicity.
Chemical physics of electroactive materials: concluding remarks
Authors: Rutland Mark W.
Published: June 2017

It is an honour to be charged with providing the concluding remarks for a Faraday Discussion. As many have remarked before, it is nonetheless a prodigious task, and what follows is necessarily a personal, and probably perverse, view of a watershed event in the Chemical Physics of Electroactive materials. The spirit of the conference was captured in a single sentence during the meeting itself.By Andriy Yaroschuk in commenting on the work of Kelsey Hatzell (DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00243a). “It is the nexus between rheology, electrochemistry, colloid science and energy storage”. The current scientific climate is increasingly dominated by a limited number of global challenges, and there is thus a tendency for research to resemble a football match played by 6 year olds, where everyone on the field chases the (funding) ball instead of playing to their “discipline”. It is thus reassuring to see how the application of rigorous chemical physics is leading to ingenious new solutions for both energy storage and harvesting, via, for example, nanoactuation, electrowetting, ionic materials and nanoplasmonics. In fact, the same language of chemical physics allows seamless transition between applications as diverse as mechano-electric energy generation, active moisture transport and plasmonic shutters – even the origins of life were addressed in the context of electro-autocatalysis!
Tartary buckwheat flavonoids ameliorate high fructose-induced insulin resistance and oxidative stress associated with the insulin signaling and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways in mice
Authors: Hu Yuanyuan , Hou Zuoxu , Yi Ruokun , Wang Zhongming , Sun Peng , Li Guijie , Zhao Xin , Wang Qiang
Published: June 2017

The present study was conducted to explore the effects of a purified tartary buckwheat flavonoid fraction (TBF) on insulin resistance and hepatic oxidative stress in mice fed high fructose in drinking water (20%) for 8 weeks.
Influence of calcium-induced droplet heteroaggregation on the physicochemical properties of oppositely charged lactoferrin coated lutein droplets and whey protein isolate-coated DHA droplets
Authors: Li Xin , Wang Xu , Xu Duoxia , Cao Yanping , Wang Shaojia , Wang Bei , Wang Chengtao , Sun Baoguo
Published: June 2017

The influence of calcium-induced droplet heteroaggregation on the formation and physicochemical stability of mixed lutein and DHA emulsions was studied.
Materials with good energetic properties resulting from the smart combination of nitramino and dinitromethyl group with furazan
Authors: Huang Haifeng , Li Ying , Yang Jun , Pan Renming , Lin Xiangyang
Published: June 2017

The combination of nitramino and dinitromethyl group with furazan gave novel energetic materials with good energetic properties.
Preparation of annular TiO2 nanoparticles constructed by high-energy surfaces and enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity
Authors: Kong Fanxia , Xia Yuguo , Jiao Xiuling , Chen Dairong
Published: June 2017

Annular TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized through a combined solvothermal and etching process.
A simple high-yield synthesis of high-purity Hägg carbide (χ-Fe5C2) nanoparticles with extraordinary electrochemical properties
Authors: Malina Ondřej , Jakubec Petr , Kašlík Josef , Tuček Jiří , Zbořil Radek
Published: June 2017

A novel, simple, high-yield synthesis of Hägg carbide nanoparticles is presented. The developed χ-Fe5C2-based platform shows improved sensitivity towards the determination of metronidazole.
Intermediate selectivity in the oxidation of phenols using plasmonic Au/ZnO photocatalysts
Authors: Lin Feng , Cojocaru Bogdan E. , Williams Luke S. , Cadigan Christopher A. , Tian Chixia , Grecu Maria Nicoleta , Xin Huolin L. , Vyas Shubham , Parvulescu Vasile I. , Richards Ryan M.
Published: June 2017

Tunable reaction selectivity on a single catalyst is a continual goal in chemical syntheses.
Prominent dielectric transitions in layered organic–inorganic hybrids: (isoamyl-ammonium)2CdX4 (X = Cl and Br)
Authors: Wang Zhongxia , Lv Xing-Hui , Liu Yu-Ling , Lu Yang , Chen Hai-Peng , Ge Jia-Zhen
Published: June 2017

Two new organic–inorganic layered perovskite-type hybrid compounds demonstrate different dynamic motions of cations, contributing to a significant difference in dielectric transitions.
Lu's [3 + 2] cycloaddition of allenes with electrophiles: discovery, development and synthetic application
Authors: Wei Yin , Shi Min
Published: June 2017

The discovery of Lu's [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction is briefly introduced, and the recent important developments and synthetic applications of Lu's [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction are highlighted and overviewed.
Ni(ii)-Catalyzed enantioselective Mukaiyama–Mannich reaction between silyl enol ethers and cyclic N-sulfonyl α-ketiminoesters
Authors: Xie Lei , Ma Hongli , Li Jiaqi , Yu Yuan , Qin Zhaohai , Fu Bin
Published: June 2017

The first Ni(ii)-catalyzed Mukaiyama–Mannich reaction of cyclic N-sulfonyl α-ketiminoesters with silyl enol ethers was realized and provided enantioenriched benzofused sultams containing a quaternary α-amino ester.
Copper-catalyzed trifluoromethylation of styrene derivatives with CF3SO2Na
Authors: Wu Liu-Hai , Zhao Kai , Shen Zhi-Liang , Loh Teck-Peng
Published: June 2017

A radical-type copper(i)-catalyzed direct trifluoromethylation of styrene derivatives using CF3SO2Na as a trifluoromethylating source for accessing trifluoromethylated alkenes has been developed.
Fe-Catalyzed insertion of fluoromethylcarbenes generated from sulfonium salts into X–H bonds (X = Si, C, P)
Authors: Duan Yaya , Lin Jin-Hong , Xiao Ji-Chang , Gu Yu-Cheng
Published: June 2017

The Fe-catalyzed insertion of fluoromethylcarbenes including trifluoromethylcarbene and difluoromethylcarbene into X–H (X = Si, C and P) bonds is described.
Efficient electrochemical detection of cancer cells on in situ surface-functionalized MoS2nanosheets
Authors: Guo Yulin , Shu Yijin , Li Aiqun , Li Baole , Pi Jiang , Cai Jiye , Cai Huai-hong , Gao Qingsheng
Published: June 2017

In situsurface functionalization by reactant molecules (thiourea) is feasible to engineer MoS2surfaces with rich amino groups, leading to facile antigen immobilization and thus selective recognition of cancer cells.
Asymmetric 2D benzodithiophene and quinoxaline copolymer for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Liu Zhe , Liu Deyu , Chen Weiye , Wang Junyi , Li Feng , Wang Di , Li Yonghai , Sun Mingliang , Yang Renqiang
Published: June 2017

Asymmetric 2D BDT structure is a promising donor unit for quinoxaline photovoltaic polymer for balancedJsc,Vocand FF.
Quadratic nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of borazino (B3N3)-doped nanographenes
Authors: Otero Nicolás , Pouchan Claude , Karamanis Panaghiotis
Published: June 2017

When inorganic benzene is confined in the honeycomb structure of nanographenes, it triggers impressive NLO variations powered by the local electron delocalization effects.
Automated stationary human target detector for 3D through‐wall radar imagery
Authors: Sévigny P. , Fournier J.
Published: June 2017

The use of through‐wall radar imagery for remote intelligence of building interiors is promising but challenging. Relevant information about human targets and room layout features is typically buried in clutter. In this Letter, the authors propose a methodology for automated extraction of information about stationary human targets behind walls. Based on treatment of the individual blobs found in the imagery, the method consists of thresholding, segmentation, classification and 3D visualisation. Although further optimisation of each of the steps is required, they demonstrate with two examples, including one cluttered scene, that the combination of these steps is effective at eliminating large amounts of clutter and identifying human targets behind walls.
Limit‐cycle oscillation reduction in high‐efficiency wireless power receiver
Authors: Tang Xian , Zeng Jianxu , Zheng Yanqi , Leung Ka Nang , Wang Zhihua
Published: June 2017

A simple and effective technique is presented to reduce the limit‐cycle oscillation (LCO) in the reconfigurable rectifier for wireless power receiver. It is theoretically analysed that only one switching edge of the switching signal is needed to be synchronised and a phase‐shift circuit is proposed for synchronisation. Simulation results in commercial 0.18 µm CMOS technology show that the LCO is greatly suppressed with the proposed synchronisation circuit and the output voltage ripples are much smaller compared to the conventional circuit.
Multi‐level deep neural network for efficient segmentation of blood vessels in fundus images
Authors: Ngo L. , Han J.‐H.
Published: June 2017

The exact blood vessel trees segmented from fundus images provide important information required for screening and following‐up of diabetic retinopathy and age‐related macular degeneration. The trained deep neural network presents an automated prediction of the blood vessels in retinal fundus camera images in the publicly DRIVE database with accuracy up to 0.9533 and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve up to 0.9752, which is better than manual recognition by expert human eyes. A resizing technique is introduced and applied to the multi‐level network combining dropout and spatial‐dropout layers to obtain more generalised training. The proposed model has the potential for the classification of other types of images.
Non‐linear system modelling based on constrained Volterra series estimates
Authors: Śliwiński Przemysław , Marconato Anna , Wachel Paweł , Birpoutsoukis Georgios
Published: June 2017

A simple non‐linear system modelling algorithm designed to work with limited a priori knowledge and short data records, is examined. It creates an empirical Volterra series‐based model of a system using an ‐constrained least squares algorithm with . If the system is a continuous and bounded map with a finite memory no longer than some known , then (for a D parameter model and for a number of measurements N) the difference between the resulting model of the system and the best possible theoretical one is guaranteed to be of order , even for . The performance of models obtained for and 2 is tested on the Wiener–Hammerstein benchmark system. The results suggest that the models obtained for are better suited to characterise the nature of the system, while the sparse solutions obtained for yield smaller error values in terms of input‐output behaviour.
Fault tolerant shape control for particulate process systems under simultaneous actuator and sensor faults
Authors: Li Gang , Li Tao , Zhao Qing
Published: June 2017

The problem of fault tolerant shape control for particle size distribution (PSD) process subject to simultaneous time‐varying actuator and sensor faults is studied. In this work, sensor and actuator faults are taken into consideration in a unified framework, and estimated by using adaptive observer technique. For the PSD process, the output distribution, rather than the system output signal itself, is adopted for shape control. Square root rational B‐spline approximation is used to fit the distribution shape. An innovative on‐line fault estimation scheme is proposed for simultaneous actuator and sensor faults estimation. Then an augmented controller based on the virtual actuator and virtual sensor techniques is designed to compensate for the faults and realise PSD shape tracking. A simulation example of emulsion polymerisation is used to validate the proposed scheme and satisfactory performance is obtained.
Exponential stabilisation of stochastic memristive neural networks under intermittent adaptive control
Authors: Li Xiaofan , Fang Jian‐an , Li Huiyuan
Published: June 2017

This study focuses on the exponential stabilisation problem for a general class of memristive neural networks subjected to both stochastic disturbance and time‐varying delays under periodically intermittent adaptive control. The stochastic disturbances are described as Brownian motions in the considered networks. An adaptive updated rule and a periodically intermittent adaptive control strategy are designed for the exponential stabilisation of memristive neural networks subjected to both stochastic disturbance and time‐varying delays. Then, by adopting the adaptive control technique, differential inclusion theory and set‐valued maps, and by building a new Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, many novel sufficient conditions are proposed to guarantee exponential stabilisation for stochastic memristive neural networks. Different from existing results on stabilisation of stochastic memristive neural networks, the obtained criteria in this study are directly derived according to the parameters of networks. Finally, an example is carried out to demonstrate the validity of the theoretic results.
Neural network‐based command filtered control for induction motors with input saturation
Authors: Fu Cheng , Zhao Lin , Yu Jinpeng , Yu Haisheng , Lin Chong
Published: June 2017

In this study, neural networks approximation‐based command filtered adaptive control is studied for induction motors with input saturation. The neural networks are utilised to approximate the non‐linearities, and the command filtering technology is used to deal with the ‘explosion of complexity’ problem caused by the derivative of virtual controllers in the conventional backstepping design. The compensating signals are further exploited to get rid of the drawback caused by the dynamics surface technology. It is verified that the adaptive neural controller guarantees that the tracking error can converge to a small neighbourhood of the origin. At last, the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method are intuitively illustrated by simulation results.
Design and development of a multimode waveguide corrugated horn antenna using 3D printing technology and its comparison with aluminium‐based prototype
Authors: Castro Alejandro T. , Babakhani Behrouz , Sharma Satish K.
Published: June 2017

Three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology based antenna structures have many promising applications. In this study, a triple mode circular waveguide horn antenna with corrugated chokes is presented. In this antenna configuration, three individual modes consisting of TE11, TM01, and TE21 are generated in a single structure. The horn antenna prototypes used precision milling and 3D printing process for the aluminium and 3D printed horn antenna prototypes, respectively. The aluminium prototype is used as a reference antenna for comparing the 3D printed horn prototype. For the 3D printed antenna, Polycarbonate ‐ Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (PC‐ABS) material is used and later coated with conductive silver ink. Simulation and aluminium based prototype antennas achieve a common bandwidth of 7.45–8.00 GHz for all the three modes. However for the 3D printed antenna prototype, the achieved bandwidth is from 7.40 to 7.89 GHz. The aluminium and 3D printed horn prototypes were also tested for radiation pattern quality. While aluminium‐based prototype agrees closely with the simulation results, the 3D printed horn shows a reduced gain, higher cross‐polarisation levels while keeping the pattern beamwidths similar to the simulated and aluminium‐based horn prototypes.
Wideband low cost planar mono‐pulse comparator circuit
Authors: Ghaffarian Mohammad Saeid , Honari Mohammad Mahdi , Khajepour Somayeh , Moradi Gholamreza , Shamaiee Mehran
Published: June 2017

A novel wideband planar single layer mono‐pulse comparator for the application of mono‐pulse angle of arrival and target detecting is presented. This low cost comparator consists of three new broadband differential phase shifters and four 3 dB hybrid commercial couplers to generate sum and delta (difference) output channel frequency response. The operating frequency ranges in S band over one octave from 2 to 4 GHz. The comparator circuit is designed and fabricated on single layer RO4003C microstrip board with the simple and low cost PCB process. The amplitude imbalance and phase shift ripple between the four input channels and two sum and delta output channels are <1 dB and 2.5°, respectively. By integrating a four‐arm spiral antenna and the proposed comparator, a mono‐pulse antenna is designed and fabricated. In the frequency range from 2 to 4 GHz, the sidelobe level is ≤17 dB, the sum gain is measured as >3 dBic, and the null depth is better than 25 dB. The obtained sum and difference radiation characteristics make the proposed mono‐pulse antenna promising for target detecting and tracking in the two dimension applications.
Low angle estimation in diffuse multipath environment by time‐reversal minimum‐norm‐like technique
Authors: Niu Chao , Zhang Yongshun , Guo Jianrong
Published: June 2017

This study presents a novel method for low angle estimation in diffuse multipath environment by the time‐reversal (TR) minimum‐norm‐like (MNL) technique. In recent studies, the diffuse multipath is always regarded as the interference which is tried to be eliminated or weakened in low angle estimation for very high‐frequency radar. However, it is difficult to establish the accurate model of the multipath environment. The common methods usually ignore the diffuse multipath and use the mirror reflection as the approximate model, but the ideal assumption would cause great errors. The proposed method makes the radar array working in the TR setup and the MNL technique is applied to estimate the low angle. In the proposed method, the exact model of the multipath environment does not need to be established completely but the accuracy performance of low angle estimation can be improved by making use of the multipath. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. In addition, the performance degradation with respect to target motion is also shown in simulation results.
GNSS attitude determination method through vectorisation approach
Authors: Chang Guobin , Xu Tianhe , Wang Qianxin , Li Shengquan , Deng Kailiang
Published: June 2017

Determining the attitude using GNSS carrier signals is studied. It features an analytical approach to get an estimate as initial guess for iterative algorithms, in three steps. First, baseline vectors are estimated by least‐squares method. Second, the constraint of the direction cosine matrix (DCM) is ignored and the least‐squares estimates of its 9 elements are solved. Third, a mathematically feasible DCM estimate is extracted from the above estimated free matrix. An error attitude, formulated using the Gibbs vector, is introduced to relate the previously estimated and the true attitude, and the measurement model becomes a nonlinear function of the Gibbs vector. The Gauss‐Newton iteration is employed to solve the least‐squares problem with this measurement model. The estimate of the roll‐pitch‐yaw angles and the variance covariance matrix of their estimation errors are extracted from the final solution. Numerical experiments are conducted. With 3 orthogonally mounted 3‐meter baselines, 4 visible satellites, and 5‐millimeter standard‐deviation of the carrier measurements, the accuracy of the analytical solution can be less than 1° in the root mean squared error (RMSE) sense. The convergence of the iteration is rather fast, the RMSE converges after only one iteration, with the converged RMSE less than 0.1°.
Interleaved cuk converter with improved transient performance and reduced current ripple
Authors: K.D Joseph , Daniel Asha Elizabeth , Unnikrishnan A.
Published: June 2017

Boost DC–DC converters are widely used in non‐conventional power conversions namely in solar and wind power generation systems. It is also used in switched mode power supplies. Since there is no filter inductor on output side, output current of boost converter is pulsed and it is not desirable. The quality of power required is very high when DC–DC converters are employed for transferring the requisite amount of power. In this study, the conventional cuk converter (CCC) having a continuous current at both input and output sides is taken as the candidate for performance analysis. Accordingly an interleaved cuk converter (ICC) is proposed and designed to reduce the input current ripple and also to improve transient performances. Both the CCC and the proposed ICC are simulated and validated experimentally. The proposed converter is having better efficiency attributable to cancellation of source current ripple, reduction of ripple content in both output voltage and current, and improvement of transient performance.
Effect of micro cracks on photovoltaic output power: case study based on real time long term data measurements
Authors: Dhimish Mahmoud , Holmes Violeta , Dales Mark , Mehrdadi Bruce
Published: June 2017

This study analyses the impact of micro cracks on photovoltaic (PV) module output power performance and energy production. Electroluminescence imaging technique was used to detect micro cracks affecting PV modules. The experiment was carried out on ten different PV modules installed at the University of Huddersfield, United Kingdom. The examined PV modules which contain micro cracks shows large loss in the output power comparing with the theoretical output power predictions, where the maximum power loss is equal to 80.73%. LabVIEW software was used to simulate the theoretical output power of the examined PV modules under real time long term data measurements.
Stabilised finite element methods for the Oseen problem on anisotropic quadrilateral meshes
Authors: Barrenechea Gabriel R. , Wachtel Andreas
Published: June 2017

In this work we present and analyse new inf-sup stable, and stabilised, finite element methods for the Oseen equation in anisotropic quadrilateral meshes. The meshes are formed of closed parallelograms, and the analysis is restricted to two space dimensions. Starting with the lowest order
ℚ12 × ℙ0 pair, we first identify the pressure components that make this finite element pair to be non-inf-sup stable, especially with respect to the aspect ratio. We then propose a way to penalise them, both strongly, by directly removing them from the space, and weakly, by adding a stabilisation term based on jumps of the pressure across selected edges. Concerning the velocity stabilisation, we propose an enhanced grad-div term. Stability and optimal a priori error estimates are given, and the results are confirmed numerically.
Temperature-Controlled Bidirectional Enantioselectivity in Asymmetric Hydrogenation Reactions Utilizing Stereodynamic Iridium Complexes
Authors: Siebert Max , Storch Golo , Rominger Frank , Trapp Oliver
Published: June 2017

Stereochemically flexible 2,2(-bis(diphenylphosphino)biphenyl (BIPHEP) ligands were modified with chiral α-substituted carboxylic acid auxiliaries in the 3- and 3′-position. The resulting central-to-axial chirality transfer to the stereochemically flexible chiral axis of the BIPHEP­ core was investigated as well as complexation of these diastereomeric ligands to iridium(I). Solid-state structures of both ligand diastereomers and a diastereomerically pure iridium(I) BIPHEP complex were obtained. Thermal equilibration of the resulting iridium(I) complexes was studied to investigate the stereodynamic properties of the BIPHEP ligands. The iridium(I) complexes without and after pre-catalysis warming in solution — which induces a shift of the diastereomeric ratio — were applied for asymmetric hydrogenation of a prochiral α-substituted acrylic acid, resulting in temperature-controlled bidirectional enantioselectivity of iridium catalysts for the first time. In both cases, enantioenriched (R)-naproxen as well as (S)-naproxen — after re-equilibration of the catalyst at elevated temperatures — was obtained by using the same catalyst.
Tetrabutylammonium Iodide Catalyzed Epoxidation of Naphthoquinone Derivatives with tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide as an Oxidant
Authors: Ai Bai-Ru , Chen Xu-Ling , Dong Yu , Tang Lei , Wang Ji-Yu
Published: June 2017

An efficient and environmentally benign procedure has been developed for the epoxidation of naphthoquinone derivatives by using tetrabutylammonium iodide as a catalyst and tert-butyl hydroperoxide as an oxidant in the presence of silicon dioxide. This protocol, which provides a facile base-free methodology for the synthesis of some new naphthoquinone-based epoxides, features mild reaction conditions, high yields, remarkably short reaction time, and broad substrate scope
Cluster Preface: Asymmetric Brønsted Base Catalysis
Authors: Tan Choon-Hong , List Benjamin
Published: June 2017

Choon-Hong Tan is a professor at the Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. He received his BSc (Hons) First Class from the National University of Singapore (NUS) and his Phd from the University of Cambridge. He underwent postdoctoral training at the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University and the Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School. He began his independent career at the Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore in 2003. Choon Hong has focused on the development of organocatalytic Brønsted base reactions that can be catalyzed with chiral guanidines. He has also demonstrated that pentanidiums (conjugated guanidiniums) are efficient phase-transfer catalysts. Recently, he described the use of chiral organic cations such as bisguanidiniums to modulate and activate anionic metallic salts.

Benjamin List has been a director at the Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung since 2005. He obtained his Ph.D. in 1997 (Frankfurt). From 1997 until 1998 he conducted postdoctoral research at The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla (USA) and became an assistant professor there in January 1999. In 2003 he joined the Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung. He has been an honorary professor at the University of Cologne since 2004. Ben List’s research focuses on organic synthesis and catalysis. He has contributed fundamental concepts to chemical synthesis including aminocatalysis, enamine catalysis, and asymmetric-counteranion-directed catalysis (ACDC). His latest work deals with chiral counteranions in asymmetric catalysis. This remarkably general strategy for asymmetric synthesis has recently found widespread use in organocatalysis, transition-metal catalysis, and Lewis acid catalysis.
EKG-Veränderungen bei Sportlern – Was ist wirklich gefährlich?
Authors: Gonska Bernd-Dieter
Published: June 2017

Das EKG bei Sportlern zeigt keine wesentlichen Unterschiede zu dem EKG einer gesunden Allgemeinbevölkerung. Jede elektrokardiografische Auffälligkeit bedarf der genauen Überprüfung. Lediglich Modifikationen der Erregungsbildung und Erregungsleitung sind als noch normal anzusehen. In allen anderen Fällen ist es sinnvoll, den Kardiologen oder elektrophysiologisch orientierten Kardiologen aufzusuchen.
4 Fachleute – 4 Behandlungsmethoden - Rhizarthrose
Authors: Bitzer Susanne , Peters Kristin , Klügel Rainer , Berndsen Michael , Garanin Georg
Published: June 2017

Rhizarthrose
Wie gut sind Gesundheits-Apps?
Authors: Kramer Ursula
Published: June 2017

Gesundheits-Apps haben in wenigen Jahren weite Teile der Bevölkerung erreicht. Ob sich mit diesen Apps die erwarteten Gesundheitsziele besser erreichen lassen und ob die Gesundheitsinformationen oder Handlungsempfehlungen der Apps unabhängig, korrekt, aktuell und damit vertrauenswürdig sind, lässt sich nicht nur für Verbraucher und Patienten, sondern auch für Ärzte, Therapeuten und Pflegekräfte, d. h. Health Care Professionals (HCP), aufgrund lückenhafter Aufklärung durch die App-Anbieter schwer einschätzen. Von staatlicher Seite ist für fast alle Apps vor Veröffentlichung in den Stores weder in Deutschland noch in den USA eine Qualitätsüberprüfung vorgesehen. Experten aus Politik und Wissenschaft fordern zum Schutz von Verbrauchern verbindliche Kriterien, die eine Qualitätseinschätzung der nicht regulierten Gesundheits-Apps erlauben. Führt man die Qualität einer App primär auf ihren Nutzen und ihre Unbedenklichkeit für den Verbraucher zurück, rücken Aspekte wie Zielgruppenerreichbarkeit und Zielgruppenorientierung einer App als qualitätsbestimmende Faktoren in den Vordergrund. Nur wenige Apps erreichen relevante Nutzergruppen und werden nachhaltig genutzt. Unter dem Aspekt der Patientensicherheit sind große Unterschiede im Nutzungsrisiko einer Gesundheits-App erkennbar. In diesem Kontext wird die 4-stufige Risikoklassifizierung vorgestellt, die auf der Grundlage der Analyse von über 6000 Gesundheits-Apps empirisch entwickelt wurde. Außerdem wird am Beispiel der Qualitäts- und Transparenzkriterien des HealthOn-Ehrenkodex gezeigt, wie sich Gesundheits-Apps einschätzen lassen im Hinblick auf folgende Aspekte: Individuelles Nutzungsrisiko für ihren Anwender, Sachverständigkeit des Unterstützungsansatzes, Unabhängigkeit der gesundheitsbezogenen Inhalte, Schutz der mit der App erfassten persönlichen Nutzungs- und Gesundheitsdaten, Möglichkeit des Nutzers im Haftungsfall Verbraucherrechte durchsetzen zu können.
ESC-Leitlinie 2016 zum Management von Vorhofflimmern
Authors: Deneke Thomas , Nentwich Karin , Sonne Kai , Fochler Franziska , Ene Elena , Halbfass Philipp
Published: June 2017

Die neue ESC-Leitlinie zum Management von Patienten mit Vorhofflimmern (VHF) aus 2016 gibt einen Überblick über die aktuelle Datenlage zur Diagnostik und Therapie von Patienten mit VHF. Viele Empfehlungen der Leitlinie beruhen auf Expertenmeinung, und eine Anpassung durch zukünftige Studienergebnisse ist wünschenswert. Insbesondere wird ein multidisziplinärer, kooperativer Ansatz der Prävention, Diagnostik und Therapie von Vorhofflimmern in den Vordergrund gestellt. Ziel ist es, Patienten mit Vorhofflimmern in unterschiedlichen Settings optimal zu behandeln, wobei Lebensqualität und Prognose im Vordergrund stehen. Die Behandlung VHF-begünstigender Faktoren oder Komorbiditäten spielt eine entscheidende Rolle in der Prävention und Therapie von Patienten mit VHF. Neben diesen Empfehlungen zur Prävention und frühzeitigen Erkennung von Vorhofflimmern ist ein großer Teil der Leitlinie auf eine adäquate Schlaganfallprophylaxe und Risikostratifizierung ausgerichtet. Weiterhin wird der klinische CHA2DS2-VASc-Score zur Risikoprädiktion und adäquaten Indikation einer oralen Antikoagulation empfohlen. Insgesamt sind die Empfehlungen bei der Antikoagulation auf ein Vermeiden einer Unter- bzw. Überdosierung von Vitamin-K-Antagonisten zugunsten der neuen direkten Thrombininhibitoren verschoben. Die interventionelle Therapie von Vorhofflimmern wird für symptomatische, medikamentös therapierefraktäre Patienten, aber auch als „First-Line“-Therapie bei Wunsch des Patienten empfohlen. Die Einbindung des Patienten in die Prophylaxe und Entscheidungsfindung zur Therapie wird empfohlen und stellt einen zentralen Kernpunkt der Leitlinienempfehlungen dar, wobei kontrollierte Studien zum Nutzen der Einbindung interdisziplinärer Gremien bisher nicht existieren.
Natural philanthropy: a new evolutionary framework explaining diverse experimental results and informing fundraising practice
Authors: James Russell
Published: June 2017

Philanthropic decision-making is important both for its potential to provide insight into human behaviour and for its economic significance. In recent years, investigations of charitable-giving behaviour have expanded substantially, including explorations from a variety of disciplinary perspectives such as economics, marketing, sociology, public administration, anthropology, evolutionary biology, political science and psychology. These investigations have resulted in a wealth of experimental results with each investigation accompanied by a discussion of potential theoretical implications. Most commonly, the various theories employed are helpful with regard to the narrow result of the investigation, but are not always useful in explaining the wider universe of results. Taking a comprehensive view of charitable-giving behaviour is thus limited to either employing a wide assortment of overlapping theoretical models, selectively applying each to fit individual phenomena, or merely referencing an ad hoc assortment of potential motivations. This circumstance suggests the value of a more unified, comprehensive approach to understanding the complete range of experimental and empirical results in charitable giving. This article proposes a comprehensive framework for philanthropic decision-making using a simple evolutionary approach incorporating interrelated fitness-enhancing strategies. The framework is then used in an extensive review of experimental and other empirical results in philanthropic decision-making. This review supports the framework proposition that giving depends on the tangibility of a gift’s impact on altruism (direct or code), reciprocity (transactional or friendship) and possessions relative to its alternatives. Five example principles of fundraising practice demonstrate the practical applicability of this proposition: advance the donor hero story (tangibility of direct or code altruism); make the charity like family (friendship reciprocity); provide compatible publicity and benefits (transactional reciprocity); minimize perceived loss (possessions); and manage decision avoidance (relative to its alternatives). Understanding philanthropic behaviour from this perspective provides explanation and guidance for a wide range of charitable-giving behaviours and fundraising practices even in areas less amenable to traditional experimental investigation, such as charitable bequests and major gifts.
A reputation economy: how individual reward considerations trump systemic arguments for open access to data
Authors: Fecher Benedikt , Friesike Sascha , Hebing Marcel , Linek Stephanie
Published: June 2017

Open access to research data has been described as a driver of innovation and a potential cure for the reproducibility crisis in many academic fields. Against this backdrop, policy makers are increasingly advocating for making research data and supporting material openly available online. Despite its potential to further scientific progress, widespread data sharing in small science is still an ideal practised in moderation. In this article, we explore the question of what drives open access to research data using a survey among 1564 mainly German researchers across all disciplines. We show that, regardless of their disciplinary background, researchers recognize the benefits of open access to research data for both their own research and scientific progress as a whole. Nonetheless, most researchers share their data only selectively. We show that individual reward considerations conflict with widespread data sharing. Based on our results, we present policy implications that are in line with both individual reward considerations and scientific progress.
Electric field metrology for SI traceability: Systematic measurement uncertainties in electromagnetically induced transparency in atomic vapor
Authors: Holloway Christopher L. , Simons Matt T. , Gordon Joshua A. , Dienstfrey Andrew , Anderson David A. , Raithel Georg
Published: June 2017

We investigate the relationship between the Rabi frequency (ΩRF, related to the applied electric field) and Autler-Townes (AT) splitting, when performing atom-based radio-frequency (RF) electric (E) field strength measurements using Rydberg states and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in an atomic vapor. The AT splitting satisfies, under certain conditions, a well-defined linear relationship with the applied RF field amplitude. The EIT/AT-based E-field measurement approach derived from these principles is currently being investigated by several groups around the world as a means to develop a new SI-traceable RF E-field measurement technique. We establish conditions under which the measured AT-splitting is an approximately linear function of the RF electric field. A quantitative description of systematic deviations from the linear relationship is key to exploiting EIT/AT-based atomic-vapor spectroscopy for SI-traceable field measurement. We show that the linear relationship is valid and can be used to determine the E-field strength, with minimal error, as long as the EIT linewidth is small compared to the AT-splitting. We also discuss interesting aspects of the thermal dependence (i.e., hot- versus cold-atom) of this EIT-AT technique. An analysis of the transition from cold- to hot-atom EIT in a Doppler-mismatched cascade system reveals a significant change of the dependence of the EIT linewidth on the optical Rabi frequencies and of the AT-splitting on ΩRF.
Local energy conservation law for a spatially-discretized Hamiltonian Vlasov-Maxwell system
Authors: Xiao Jianyuan , Qin Hong , Liu Jian , Zhang Ruili
Published: June 2017

Because of the unparalleled long-term conservative property, the structure-preserving geometric algorithm for the Vlasov-Maxwell (VM) equations is currently an active research topic. We show that spatially discretized Hamiltonian systems for the VM equations admit a local energy conservation law in space-time. This is accomplished by proving that a sum-free and only locally non-zero scalar field can always be written as the divergence of a vector field that is only locally non-zero. The result demonstrates that the Hamiltonian discretization of Vlasov-Maxwell system can preserve local conservation laws, in addition to the symplectic structure, both of which are the intrinsic physical properties of infinite dimensional Hamiltonian systems in physics.
Optical bandgap of semiconductor nanostructures: Methods for experimental data analysis
Authors: Raciti R. , Bahariqushchi R. , Summonte C. , Aydinli A. , Terrasi A. , Mirabella S.
Published: June 2017

Determination of the optical bandgap (Eg) in semiconductor nanostructures is a key issue in understanding the extent of quantum confinement effects (QCE) on electronic properties and it usually involves some analytical approximation in experimental data reduction and modeling of the light absorption processes. Here, we compare some of the analytical procedures frequently used to evaluate the optical bandgap from reflectance (R) and transmittance (T) spectra. Ge quantum wells and quantum dots embedded in SiO2 were produced by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, and light absorption was characterized by UV-Vis/NIR spectrophotometry. R&T elaboration to extract the absorption spectra was conducted by two approximated methods (single or double pass approximation, single pass analysis, and double pass analysis, respectively) followed by Eg evaluation through linear fit of Tauc or Cody plots. Direct fitting of R&T spectra through a Tauc-Lorentz oscillator model is used as comparison. Methods and data are discussed also in terms of the light absorption process in the presence of QCE. The reported data show that, despite the approximation, the DPA approach joined with Tauc plot gives reliable results, with clear advantages in terms of computational efforts and understanding of QCE.
Direct measurements of safety factor profiles with motional Stark effect for KSTAR tokamak discharges with internal transport barriers
Authors: Ko J. , Chung J.
Published: June 2017

The safety factor profile evolutions have been measured from the plasma discharges with the external current drive mechanism such as the multi-ion-source neutral beam injection for the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) for the first time. This measurement has been possible by the newly installed motional Stark effect (MSE) diagnostic system that utilizes the polarized Balmer-alpha emission from the energetic neutral deuterium atoms induced by the Stark effect under the Lorentz electric field. The 25-channel KSTAR MSE diagnostic is based on the conventional photoelastic modulator approach with the spatial and temporal resolutions less than 2 cm (for the most of the channels except 2 to 3 channels inside the magnetic axis) and about 10 ms, respectively. The strong Faraday rotation imposed on the optical elements in the diagnostic system is calibrated out from a separate and well-designed polarization measurement procedure using an in-vessel reference polarizer during the toroidal-field ramp-up phase before the plasma experiment starts. The combination of the non-inductive current drive during the ramp-up and shape control enables the formation of the internal transport barrier where the pitch angle profiles indicate flat or slightly hollow profiles in the safety factor.
Numerical research on the dynamic characteristics of a droplet impacting a hydrophobic tube
Authors: Liu Xiaohua , Zhao Yiming , Chen Shi , Shen Shengqiang , Zhao Xinyu
Published: June 2017

Numerical researches concerning various outcomes during single liquid droplet impact on tubular surfaces with different hydrophobicity values are carried out using a coupled level set and volume-of-fluid method. The impact velocities studied in this paper are 0.1 m/s, 0.5 m/s, 0.94 m/s, and 1.2 m/s, respectively. The contact angles of the tube surfaces are 107°, 120°, 135°, and 153°, respectively. It is found that, when the impact velocity is constant, the increase of the surface hydrophobicity values is detrimental to the spread of the liquid film on tubular surfaces. The larger the surface contact angle, the more likely the droplet rebound takes place. For a constant contact angle, the increase of the impact velocity is helpful to the droplet spread on a tubular surface. In the end, the mechanism of splashing and rebounding of droplet impact on a tubular surface with the contact angle of 135° is explained through the distribution of the pressure and velocity fields. The difference between the outside pressure and inside pressure of a liquid film and the location of the low pressure both have a great influence on the spread, rebound, and splash.
Direct writing of large-area micro/nano-structural arrays on single crystalline germanium substrates using femtosecond lasers
Authors: Li Lin , Wang Jun
Published: June 2017

A direct writing technique for fabricating micro/nano-structural arrays without using a multi-scanning process, multi-beam interference, or any assisted microlens arrays is reported. Various sub-wavelength micro/nano-structural arrays have been directly written on single crystalline germanium substrate surfaces using femtosecond laser pulses. The evolution of the multiscale surface morphology from periodic micro/nano-structures to V-shaped microgrooves has been achieved, and the relationship between array characteristics and laser polarization directions has been discussed. The self-organization model agrees well with the experimental results in this study.
Isolation and characterisation of acid- and pepsin-soluble collagen from the skin of Cervus korean TEMMINCK var. mantchuricus Swinhoe
Authors: Lodhi Gaurav , Kim Yon-Suk , Kim Eun-Kyung , Hwang Jin-Woo , Won Hyung-Sik , Kim Whangi , Moon Sang-Ho , Jeon Byong-Tae , Park Pyo-Jam
Published: June 2017

Acid-soluble collagen and pepsin-soluble collagen were extracted from the skin of deer, Cervus korean TEMMINCK var. mantchuricus Swinhoe. The two types of collagen were then characterised using sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, amino acid composition analysis, peptide hydrolysis patterns, thermal denaturation temperature, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. The yield of pepsin-soluble collagen (9.62%) was greater than that of acid-soluble collagen (2.24%), but both types of collagen showed similar electrophoretic patterns with each other and with calf skin collagen. The peptide hydrolysis pattern results suggested that calf skin collagen and pepsin-soluble collagen from deer skin may be similar in terms of their primary structure. The thermal denaturation temperature of acid-soluble collagen and pepsin-soluble collagen were 36.67°C and 36.44°C, respectively, and their melting temperatures were 110°C and 120°C, respectively, which suggest high thermal stability. Fourier transform infrared showed a triple helical structure and nuclear magnetic resonance confirmed the presence of ‘hydration’ water. These results provide a basis for large-scale production and further application as alternatives to other mammalian collagens.
Demographic modelling of giant sea anemones: population stability and effects of mutualistic anemonefish in the Jordanian Red Sea
Authors: Dixon Austin K. , McVay Matthew J. , Chadwick Nanette E.
Published: June 2017

Giant sea anemones serve as important hosts for mutualistic anemonefish on Indo-Pacific coral reefs, but their population dynamics and turnover rates remain largely unknown. We used size-based demographic models to determine recruitment, changes in body size and mortality of bulb-tentacle anemones Entacmaea quadricolor and leathery anemones Heteractis crispa over 2years on coral reefs in the northern Red Sea, Jordan. Individuals recruited at consistent rates and grew rapidly until they reached ~300-cm2 tentacle crown surface area, then mostly remained static or shrank. Mortality rate decreased with body size, and the retention of large individuals strongly influenced population size. Individuals of H. crispa were more dynamic than those of E. quadricolor, possibly due to their hosting significantly smaller anemonefish. Both populations were abundant and stable but dynamic in terms of individuals, with estimated turnover times of only ~5 and 3years for E. quadricolor and H. crispa respectively. We conclude that some giant anemones may be short lived relative to their fish symbionts, and that stasis rates of large individuals disproportionately affect their populations. These results have implications for conservation management strategies of these major cnidarians on coral reefs, and indicate wide variation between species in the population-level effects of mutualistic interactions.
“Imagine a boy who is adopted by a pair of lesbians (poor little sod)…”
Authors: Sokalska-Bennett Aleksandra
Published: June 2017

The traditional family has always been the preserve of heterosexual couples based on and reinforced by a series of (hetero)normative behaviours. The context of same-gender adoption allows for a reworking of the construct of the modern family and the negotiation of parenting identities moving beyond the traditional system based on gender binarism (Wagner 2014). However, despite legal equality in the areas of adoption and marriage, LGBT people continue to face moral judgement about whether they are suitable parents. Using the insights and methods of membership categorisation analysis (Sacks 1992, Stokoe 2003a, 2003b, 2012), this paper unpacks the ways in which the more conservative parts of the UK’s society construct same-gender parenting as a transgression of the established norms while relying on heteronormative assumptions about categories within the membership categorisation device ‘family’ (Sacks 1992). The paper shows that the gendered meaning ‘locked into place’ (Baker 2000) in those categories is a source of prejudice and a tool to maintain the established heteronormative order.
“Building a thick skin for each other”
Authors: McKinnon Sean
Published: June 2017

Although queer linguistics has long acknowledged the playful use of potentially impolite utterances by LGBT people to build in-group solidarity these practices have not been analyzed from a sociopragmatic approach, nor have they been mentioned in the general pragmatics literature. Responding to these two gaps, the present study examines the functional use of the interactional practice ‘reading’ in the backstage talk of four drag queen performers. By employing a mock impoliteness analytical framework (Haugh & Bousfield 2012) this study shows how these utterances, which could potentially be evaluated as genuine impoliteness outside of the appropriate context, are positively evaluated by in-group members who recognize the importance of “building a thick skin” to face a hostile environment from LGBT and non-LGBT people. This study also seeks to draw attention to the use of backstage talk, and supplemental interview data, to uncover drag queen cultural practices through language use.