bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Method of Warfare Simulation Data Analysis Based on BP Neural Network and RoughSet
Authors: Heng Jun , Tian Yun Fei , Yan Peng
Published: September 2013

Preliminary exploration on simulation data mining with BP network and rough set method is made in the paper. Data mining method based on rough set theory and BP neural network is put up. Firstly, we reduce the redundant attributes in the decision-making table with rough set method, and then the noise is filtered by BP neural network. Finally, rule set is generated by rough set from the reduction decision table. This method not only avoids the complexity of the rules extracted from training the neural network, but also improves the classification accuracy effectively. At last, the mining data by the experimental data of the troops marching warfare simulation system and the result with the actual reference value is obtained.
Development of Virtual Test Desk for Dynamic Wheel Model
Authors: Tian Lei , Lu Ping Ping , Pang Shu Yi , Zhao Shuai , Guan Hsin
Published: September 2013

Vehicle dynamic model is composed of several subsystems. Once problems appearing during model debugging, it is difficult to know which subsystem they belong to. Therefore, it is important to validate each subsystem model before building the whole vehicle model. More complex subsystem model should be built to meet the need of higher accuracy of vehicle model, so whether the subsystem models achieve their design goals also needs to be confirmed. To deal with the problems above, it is needed to build the virtual test desk to validate subsystem model separately. This paper develops a virtual test desk for the wheel model, which has big influence on the vehicle model. A dynamic wheel model of a B-class car is built, and then, it is validated by the virtual test desk. The results of the test not only illustrate the correctness of the wheel model, but also demonstrate that the test method can validate the subsystem model effectively before building the vehicle dynamic model.
Optimization Deployment of Multi-Platform Earth Observation Resources for Emergencies
Authors: Zhang Bin , Xu Pei De , Wang Jian Jiang , Wu Chao Bo
Published: September 2013

in emergency, to improve the collaborative observation capacity of multiple platform resources, including satellite, airship and UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), an approach for deploying resources based on genetic optimization is proposed in this paper. We model the observation area into grids, and formulate the multi-platform resource deployment as a combination optimization problem, which has the goal of maximizing the cover probability of the observation area in the constraint of response time. Integer encoding is adopted in the approach to represent the positions of resources. Besides, elitism strategy is applied to improve the convergence rate. Experiment results demonstrate that the approach based on genetic can get satisfactory multi-platform resources deployment solutions in a short time, solving multi-platform resource optimization deployment problem effectively.
A Robust Filtering Algorithm of LiDAR Data for DTM Extraction
Authors: Ming Yang , Chen Chu Jiang
Published: September 2013

For DTM extraction of road linear project from LiDAR data, this paper proposes a robust ground filtering algorithm. Firstly, a pyramidal hierarchical structure of ground candidate points is formed. Secondly, in each level, the Thin Plate Spline (TPS) surface interpolation is iteratively used to produces smooth surfaces, and based on the points residuals from the surface the ground candidate points are inspected. The experiments show that this method correctly determines DTM even in those cases of heavy vegetation, and achieve a better result for the road.
A New Genetic Algorithm Using Order Coding and a Novel Genetic Operator
Authors: Wang Yun He , Liu Li Fang
Published: September 2013

This paper focuses on improving the efficiency of the genetic algorithm, analysis the shortages of the algorithm at coding method and mutation operator and selected a TSP problem to simulate. First of all, the initial population was taken by order coding to speed up the algorithm convergence. In addition, the inversion operation and migration operation had been added into the mutation process. The experimental results show that without sacrificing convergence speed and the scale of population the improved algorithm has an extraordinary increase on optimal solutions and efficiency.
The Structure and Distribution of Roots of 2×2 Matrices
Authors: Li Yuan Yuan
Published: September 2013

This paper is concerned with Jordan canonical form theorem of algebraic formulae giving all the solutions of the matrix equation Xm= A where n is a positive integer greater than 2 and A is a 2 × 2 matrix with real or complex elements. If A is a 2 × 2 non-singular matrix, the equation Xm = A has infinitely many solutions and we obtain explicit formulae giving all the solutions. If A is a 2 × 2 singular matrix, and we obtained necessary and sufficient condition of square root . This leads to very simple formulae for all the solutions when A is either a singular matrix or a non-singular matrix with two coincident eigenvalues. We also determine the precise number of solutions in various cases.
The Effect of Surface Defect on EHL Point Contact
Authors: Fan Yu Jin , Li Zhe Kun , Wang Wei Da , Han Teng
Published: September 2013

In this paper, the lubrication of three-dimensional EHL point contact with surface defect was solved, the lubrication film shape and film pressure distribution were presented and the characteristics of EHL point contact with defect were analyzed, the effect of surface defect on EHL point contact was studied. The results were presented that convex defect could lead to film pressure peak increasing, there was obvious micro-EHL effect, concave defect could lead to film pressure hollow and peak, film pressure peak was also increasing. The results also shown that convex and concave defects would have negative impact on EHL lubrication, there was great influence of surface defect on EHL lubrication pressure, the significant fluctuation of local film pressure was caused by surface defect, and generating greater pressure peak, maximum film pressure was rapid growth with the defect size increasing, so any kind defect should be to avoid in EHL lubrication.
Application of UML to Obviating Operation Modeling
Authors: Fang Qun , Mei Dong
Published: September 2013

According to case description, it offers a formal representation as to the elements such as battlefield barriers and obviating units entity through the establishment of obviating system package. Dynamic modeling mechanism based on UML for building cooperating operational model and obviating operational model is formed to achieve the operational use cases of each battle behavior entity. Analysis is also made on the operation activities at obviating course and suffering sneak attack through the erection of corresponding obviating activity diagram. This model implements interaction relation and message delivering, and reflects inside logic in obviating operation mission, entity, function, interaction and activity.
Research of Automobile Modeling Design Method Based on Rapid Prototyping Technology
Authors: Li Wen Jiang , Shi Pei Cheng , Xiao Ping
Published: September 2013

According to the difficulties of current China's automobile modeling design,a kind of automobile modeling design method based on rapid prototyping technology was put forward.The method has characteristics that are fast modeling,low cost and easy to modify.The main difference from the current automobile modeling design method is to make use of color pictures to establish the bodys three-dimensional CAD model directly and with the use of rapid prototyping technology to make entity model of the body.
Credibility Evaluation of Simulation Models
Authors: Lin Qi , Li Zhi
Published: September 2013

This paper discusses an evaluation methodology that can be used to assess the credibility of simulation models. The goal of verification and validation of simulation models will be described, together with a description of evaluation methodology and evaluation procedures. The credibility of simulation models can be evaluated using the method proposed here, which will be much meaningful to the simulation systems development. Taking a space Tether-net simulation system as an instance, the credibility evaluation result is provided.
A Research on Improving of Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding Algorithm in H.264
Authors: Liu Chong Xin , Dong Wen
Published: September 2013

Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding is an effective mode of coding. The paper introduces the basic principle of Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding first. Then the paper analyses the complexity of Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding and advances a method to optimize the algorithm. Experiment results show that this method can greatly reduce the complexity of Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding in h.264.
Existence of High Energy Solutions for Kirchhoff-Type Equations
Authors: Liu Chun Han , Wang Jian Guo
Published: September 2013

In this paper, by applying the fountain theorems, we study the existence of infinitely many high energy solutions for the nonlinear kirchhoff nonlocal equations under the Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz type growth conditions or no Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz type growth conditions, infinitely many high energy solutions are obtained.
Fault Analysis and Modification of Spray Painting Robot Travelling System
Authors: Zhou Hua Wen , Fan Jing Feng
Published: September 2013

When the spray painting robot is in service, the synchronous pulley falls off and the robot touches the ground. Through analyzing the stress condition of the travelling system with the statics method, the paper points out the cause is that the mounting surface of the synchronous pulley is deformed due to system weight. The fault can be avoided by changing the transmission level of the original drive system and increasing the bearing support capacity so that the system weight can directly act on the rack.
Solutions for a Class of the Higher Diophantine Equation
Authors: Ran Yin Xia
Published: September 2013

We studied the Diophantine equation . By using the elementary method and algebaic number theroy , we proved that this equation has no integer soution.
Numerical Simulations of Fractional Fourier Transform of Hypergeometric-Gaussian Beam
Authors: Yang Zhen Feng , Miao Wen Dan , Yang Zhen Jun , Zhang Shu Min
Published: September 2013

The fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) of a new type of laser beams called the hypergeometric-Gaussian beam (HyGGB) is investigated in detail. The analytical expression for the FRFT of a HyGGB is derived. The properties of a HyGGB in the FRFT plane with different parameters are illustrated. The results show that the intensity distribution of a HyGGB in the FRFT plane strongly depends on the fractional order, the lens focal length and the initial beam width.
Numerical Modelling of the Coastal Thermal Water Transport for CALACA Power Plant, the Philippines
Authors: Xie Ming Xiao , Zhao Hong Bo
Published: September 2013

Based on numerical simulations, the hydrodynamics and thermal water transport characteristics of the Calaca Power Plant, the Philippines were studied. Through analysis, after the extension of power plant capacity, the temperature difference between the intakes and 100m offshore to the outfall channel entrance is 2.2°C, which meets the local standard of the Philippines government regulation. Therefore, the extension of the power plant capacity would not affect the electricity generation efficiency.
No-Load Voltage Waveform Optimization of Integral Number Slots Large Hydro-Generator by Shift Damper Winding
Authors: Wang Hong Lian , Fan Zhen Nan
Published: September 2013

In order to analyze the influence of integral-number slots large hydro-generator no-load voltage waveform by the damper winding shift schemes, the 2D moving electromagnetic field-circuit coupling model is established, and the no-load voltage waveforms of a 600MW integral-number slots hydro-generator are calculated and analyzed. The results show that the tooth harmonics are weakened and the waveforms of the no-load voltage are improved observably when damper winding shift scheme adopted. The research is helpful for improving design standard and enhancing the operation reliability of the large hydro-generator.
Theoretical and Numerical Analysis of Discharge Characteristics in Pulsed Electromagnetic Accelerators
Authors: Yang Lei , Liu Xiang Yang , Wang Si Yu , Wang Ning Fei
Published: September 2013

Discharge is critical physical process in pulsed electromagnetic accelerators for arc plasma jet device, and its characteristics directly determines the accelerator performance. The mechanisms of discharge plasma and flow in the accelerator are analyzed by magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). The model is coupled with electric circuit model based on weakly nonideal plasma conductivity and ablation model. Calculation results show that there is some nonideal plasma region which has important effects on electrical conductivity; most ablated gases are ionized at the half cycle of the discharge time and are accelerated by Lorentz force to high exhaust velocity; electrical conductivity, plasma temperature and density are increasing with discharge energy unleashed, and gradually reduce in the post-discharge.
The Soft Sensing of Battery Capacity Based on RReliefF Algorithm and Neural Network
Authors: Su Ying Ying , Liu Xing Hua , Li Jing Zhe , Li Tai Fu , Yan Ke Sheng
Published: September 2013

To solve the problem of too many variable numbers which makes the model complex, a kind of auxiliary variables selection method is established. After that, soft sensing of lead-acid battery capacity is put forward. First, the RReliefF method is adopted to define quantitatively the influence of auxiliary variables. Then, the soft sensing model is built up with all the combination of auxiliary variables with BP neural network. Simulation results show that the soft sensing of battery capacity is established ideal. It provides theoretical feasibility to omit the battery discharge capacity in the process of production inspection process.
Cloud Computing Environment Data Mining Storage Management Design
Authors: Pan Feng , Lv Ping
Published: September 2013

In view of the current financial, securities, insurance and other industries data information management situation, need to use cloud computing technology on data storage management, enhance the data information access ability, through the application of cloud computation technology research, can improve the financial industry data mining capabilities. The specific implementation process to adopt open source framework is a shortcut. However, reference and use open source framework needs to be combined with their actual needs, through the analysis of the characteristics of Hadoop. The HDFS as Hadoop research foundation, the HDFS features are applied to the practical project, the establishment of HDFS fully supports the relational data model, data mining capacity upgrade.
Software Design and Implementation of 3D Multi-GNSS Visualization System
Authors: Cai Xi , Xu Cheng Dong , Hu Chun Sheng
Published: September 2013

In order to provide technical supports and visualization tools to the multi-GNSS related researches, 3D multi-GNSS visualization system (3DMVS) is designed and implemented. In this paper, the system requirements are analyzed at first and four modules (user interface module; display module; date calculating module; 3D models library module) are designed to realize the 3D visualization of the earth, satellites and orbits in different navigation system. Then the system general architecture is presented. Next, the system main process, data generation process and data visualization process is introduced. Dataflow between modules are illustrated in details by four steps. The visual C# programming tools and the 3D modeling software ZAM3D are used in the course of system implementation. The system has successfully applied in the related researches of multi-GNSS.
Study on Closed-Loop Coal Mine Hazard Information Management System Based on .NET
Authors: Wu Bing , Zou Xiang Wei , Guan Hai He , Yu Zhen Jiang , Guo Zhi Guo
Published: September 2013

By studying the process of closed-loop coal mine safety hazard management personally, it has been found that the careless hazard information management mode which is used in a traditional way exists lots of defects on different levels. In order to manage the hazard information rapidly and accurately, a system based on B/S structure mode, which makes fully use of lots of computer technologies such as Microsoft .NET platform, SQL Server 2008, C# and so on, has been designed. It has been acknowledged that the system based on B/S structure mode can make it easy to maintain, meanwhile, has a good compatibility, superior data processing ability and a strong security.
The Abnormal Mobile Malware Analysis Based on Behavior Categorization
Authors: Guo Dai Fei , Hu Jian Jun , Sui Ai Fen , Lin Guan Zhou , Guo Tao
Published: September 2013

With the explosive growth of mobile malware in mobile internet, many polymorphic and metamorphic mobile malware appears and causes difficulty of detection. A mobile malware network behavior data mining method based on behavior categorization is proposed to detect the behavior of new or metamorphic mobile malware. The network behavior is divided into different categories after analyzing the behavior character of mobile malware and those different behavior data of known malware and normal action are used to train the Naïve Bayesian classifier respectively. Those Naïve Bayesian classifiers are used to detect the mobile malware network behavior. The experiment result shows that Behavior Categorization based Naïve Bayesian Classifier (BCNBC) can improve the detection accuracy and it can meet the requirement of real time process in mobile internet.
Experimental Analysis of Energy Recovery from an Internal Combustion Engine Exhaust Using Rankine Cycle
Authors: Bibin C. , Seenikannan P.
Published: September 2013

For many decades all major conservation bodies have realized the need to conserve our valuable fuel and power sources. The increased level of consumption of fuel and power results in carbon-di-oxide emissions to environment which results in the depletion of ozone layer leading to global warming. As a result, many ways of utilizing renewable fuel and power sources are developing with solar energy and waste heat recovery applications. Most of the process and industries have large capacity Diesel Generating (DG) set. The exhaust gas of such a DG set carries a lot of heat and it goes waste if it is not utilized properly. Energy recovery from engine exhaust is one of the energy saving methods in engines. By using energy recovery techniques, waste heat energy can be saved, emissions can be reduced and thermal efficiency of the engine is increased. This paper discusses about the exhaust gas energy recovery from engine exhaust using Rankine cycle and thermodynamic properties of the working fluids. The heat energy recovered from the engine exhaust can be utilized for various sources.
Effect of DEE Injection in Pongamia Pinnata Biodiesel Fulled CI Engine Using Hydrogen as Secondary Fuel
Authors: Jegadheesan C. , Somasundaram P. , Meenakshipriya B. , Vignesh U.P.
Published: September 2013

In advancing modern world, the recent technological advancements especially in the field of automobile and industrial sectors have created a hike in energy demand. The fossil fuels, which are the main sources of energy, are non-renewable. Due to excessive exploitation, the fossil fuels are depleting rapidly and have created a need for alternate fuel. The researches have been conducted on various biodiesel worldwide to acquire an efficient biodiesel. The biodiesel of pongamia pinnata is one such feasible alternative since the tropical climatic conditions of Asia supports its large cultivation. This paper investigates the characteristics of engine fuelled by pongamia pinnata biodiesel. The use of biodiesel as primary fuel causes reduction in the engine performance. The performance of biodiesel fuelled engine is improved by the induction of hydrogen into air intake manifold. The induction of hydrogen increases the brake thermal efficiency by 3.41%. The hydrogen induction increases NOXin the exhaust. In order to reduce the NOXemission, Diethyl ether is injected in to the engine at constant rate of 0.7 gm/min. The DEE injection reduces the NOXand also increases the engine performance to a significant level.
Development of Energy Saving and Environment Friendly Aluminum Hybrid Composite Materials for Vehicle Applications
Authors: Tiruvenkadam N. , Thyla P.R. , Senthilkumar M. , Bosco Thomas Don , Srikanth A. , Faiyaz S. Syed Ismail
Published: September 2013

Our environment is majorly polluted by the release of hazardous gases into the atmosphere mainly from automobiles. The day-by-day increase in the usage of automobiles on the roads and decrease in the natural fuel source stresses engineers and scientists to develop engines with better fuel efficiency and reduced negative impact on environment. This could be feasible by controlling the engine tribological parameter using composite material. Clearly it is by reducing the weight and friction in the engine by applying suitable composite material and thereby reducing the wear, it can easily control the hazardous emissions to the environment and thereby keeping the environment safe.
Influence of Dual Fuel Twin Injection on Diesel Engine Combustion and Emission Characteristics
Authors: Kumar K. Senthil , Raj R. Thundil Karuppa
Published: September 2013

The objective of this study is to investigate the feasibility of two-stage injection on combustion and exhaust emission characteristics in diesel (main fuel) ethanol (pilot fuel) fuelled single cylinder diesel engine. The pressure crank angle and net heat release rate diagrams revealed that increase in the ethanol pilot quantity causes an increase in the ignition delay in the pilot combustion and hence the main combustion due to diesel fuel is slightly influenced by the ethanol pilot fuel. The increase in the pilot injection decreases the NOx considerably. The concentration of soot emissions also decreases with increase in pilot injection. The CO emissions increases with increase in pilot injection and a slight increase in HC emission is observed.
Numerical Investigations of Spray Droplet Parameters in a Direct Injection Diesel Engine Using 3-Z Extended Coherent Flame Model
Authors: Renganathan Manimaran , Raj R. Thundil Karuppa
Published: September 2013

Diesel engine combustion modeling presents a challenging task as the injection starts with the spray formation and breakup of spray into droplets. The computation involved in predicting the in-cylinder fluid mixture during combustion using eulerian and lagrangian approach is rather a cumbersome task. In this work, 3D-CFD computations are performed to understand the behaviour of spray droplet variables on combustion process and emissions in a direct injection diesel engine. The study involves the computation of turbulent flow-field quantities, modelling various processes such as fuel spray distribution, atomization, collision, evaporation, combustion and pollutant formation using a commercial CFD code. Grid independence and time independent studies are carried out for finding the optimum grid size and time step. The numerical results predicted using CFD code is validated with the experimental data available from the literature. The process of combustion and emission characteristics is investigated numerically with respect to spray characteristics. The work is further extended to study the effect of swirl ratio and injection timing on droplet parameters.
Outlook of Indian Household Energy and Emission Profile
Authors: Yawale Satish Kumar
Published: September 2013

With rapid growth in economy, energy consumption in developing countries like India is increasing at a fast rate primarily due to increase in demand in energy intensive sectors. The adverse impacts on the environment due to high energy demand are also becoming evident. Energy consumption in household sector can be defined as the energy consumed in homes to meet the needs of the residents themselves. To understand the residential energy consumption pattern it is important to identify the drivers of energy use in developing India. The basic drivers are population growth, household size, fuel and technology, income level and life style changes. Energy and climate change related concern of the Indian economy include the growing gap between demand and supply of energy, and environmental externalities associated with energy use.
In this paper the drivers of energy consumption and emission are identified and the Indian household energy consumption pattern is analyzed.
Comparison Studies on Microwave & Muffle Furnace Heat Treatment for Al-B4C Composite
Authors: Rajkumar K. , Charles J. Maria Antony , Kumar K. Vinoth , Praveen J. John Charles , Padmanathan A.
Published: September 2013

In this paper influence of microwave & muffle furnace heat treatment on properties & energy consumption aspects for Al-B4C composite is studied. The impact, hardness, power consumption, heat treatment, time & cost were also studied.
It is observed that the results of hardness & impact strength of the material are very closer in muffle furnace and microwave oven. Power conservation & cost reduction in microwave oven process is many times less where compared with muffle furnace. Huge time is saved in microwave oven process. Green environmental & sustainable development is encouraged in the process of microwave heat treatment.
Keywords: Microwave oven, muffle furnace, Al-B4C, power conservation, green environmental
Comparison of Constant Instantaneous Power Control & Synchronous Rotating Frame Strategy for Total Harmonic Reduction in Aircraft System (400Hz)
Authors: Khalid Saifullah , Tripathi Anurag , Mishra V.M.
Published: September 2013

Two different control strategies for extracting reference currents for shunt active power filters have been evaluated and their performances have been compared under various non linear loads. Comparison of the compensation ability of different control strategies based on THD and speed will be done and suggestions will be given for the selection of strategy to be used under different load. The simulated results using MATLAB model are presented and they will clearly prove the effectiveness of the proposed control method of aircraft shunt APF.
Optimization Techniques for the Economic Dispatch Problem in Various Generation Plant
Authors: Thenmalar K. , Allirani A.
Published: September 2013

The dynamic economic dispatch (DED) occupies important place in a power systems operation and control. It aims to determine the optimal power outputs of on-line generating units in order to meet the load demand and reducing the fuel cost. The nonlinear and non convex characteristics are more common in the DED problem. Therefore, obtaining a optimal solution presents a challenge. In the proposed system, firefly algorithm, Adaptive simulated annealing algorithm, artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm a recently introduced population-based technique is utilized to solve the DED problem. A general formulation of this algorithm is presented together with an analytical mathematical modeling to solve this problem by a single equivalent objective function. The results are compared with those obtained by alternative techniques proposed by the literature in order to show that it is capable of yielding good optimal solutions with proper selection of control parameters. Keywords: ABC-Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm, DED-Dynamic Economic Dispatch, FA-firefly algorithm, ASA-Adaptive Simulated annealing algorithm
Synthesis and Characterization of PANI/Ferric Chloride Composite for Fabrication of Electrodes in Supercapacitor
Authors: Sivalingam Deebankarthikeyan , Elangovan Hemalatha , Subramanian Manikandan , Kandasamy Senthil Kumar , Govindasamy Murugesan
Published: September 2013

The main objective of this work is to synthesize polyaniline/ferric chloride composite and to measure the conductivity of the as prepared composite. And also, to analyze the ability of using Ferric Chloride doped polyaniline as an electrode material for the fabrication of supercapacitor application. By in-situ polymerization method, polyaniline in pure form and doped form with the ferric chloride were synthesized using ammonium persulfate as initiator in HCl medium. Polyaniline nanoparticles and its composite are characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD and Conductivity meter.
Mitigation of Voltage Sags and Swells by Dynamic Voltage Restorer
Authors: Mishra Shakti Prasad , Varghese Lisby , Roselyn J. Preetha , Devaraj D.
Published: September 2013

This paper presents the modelling and simulation of Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) for mitigation of voltage sags and swells which are the major problems and issues on non linear loads.The Dynamic Voltage Restore (DVR) has become popular as a cost effective solutions for the protection of sensitive loads from voltage sags and swells.. The control of compensation voltages in DVR based on a-b-c to d-q-0 algorithm is discussed. The proposed control technique is cost effective and simple to design. Computer simulations are carried out in a suitable test system to investigate the effectiveness of control technique by using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Maximum Loss Reduction and Voltage Profile Improvement with Placement of Hybrid Solar-Wind System
Authors: Rekha E. , Sattianadan D. , Sudhakaran M.
Published: September 2013

Distributed generators (DG) are much beneficial in reducing the losses effectively compared to other methods of loss reduction. It is expected to become more important in future generation. This paper deals with the multi DGs placement in radial distribution system to reduce the system power loss and improve the voltage profile by using the optimization technique of particle swarm optimization (PSO). The PSO provides a population-based search procedure in which individuals called particles change their positions with time. Initially, the algorithm randomly generates the particle positions representing the size and location of DG. The proposed PSO algorithm is used to determine optimal sizes and locations of multi-DGs. The objective function is the combination of real, reactive power loss and voltage profile with consideration of weights and impact indices with and without DG. Test results indicate that PSO method can obtain better results on loss reduction and voltage profile improvement than the simple heuristic search method on the IEEE33-bus and IEEE 90-bus radial distribution systems.
Performance Studies on Solar Photovoltaic Thermal System for Crop Drying
Authors: Gorawar Mahesh B. , Revankar P.P. , Tambarallimath Vijay , Shekar K.
Published: September 2013

The growing population demands adequate supply of food grains for its sustenance and supporting life activities. The agricultural produce in India has increased over the years due to improved farm practices despite of which the country is ranked 2nd in terms of the number of children suffering malnutrition. It is reported that the child mortality rate in the country due to hunger and sanitation is above 1,000 per day. The post harvest losses in India are estimated at 4 to 6 percent for food grains and 16 to 18 percent for fruits and vegetables occurring at various stages of harvesting, storage and processing. The post harvest remedies for the loss of food grains and other agricultural produce includes better post harvest storage techniques based on removal of moisture to store the produce without being perished. The crop drying techniques based on use of renewable energy offer succor to save the large agricultural produce that goes to drains without being consumed.The reported work deals with design of a solar crop dryer for drying based on solar Photovoltaic/ Thermal (SPV/T) techniqueKeywordsPost harvest losses, solar crop drying, solar PV/T systems,drying rate
Quantitative Microstructural Analysis of Nanocrystalline Surface Layer Induced by a Modified Cutting Process
Authors: Schulze Volker , Zanger Frederik , Ambrosy Florian
Published: September 2013

Present work analyzes the influence of process and modified geometry parameters of an orthogonal final machining process (finishing) on the nanocrystalline surface layers generation by quantitative microstructural analysis. Thereby, AISI 4140 (German Steel 42CrMo4) in a state quenched and tempered at 450°C is used as workpiece material. Metallic materials used in technical applications are polycrystalline in nature and are composed of a large number of grains which are separated by grain boundaries. The grain size has a strong influence on the mechanical material properties. Metallic parts with a severe nanocrystalline grain refinement in the near-surface area show many beneficial properties. Such surface layers considerably influence the friction and wear characteristics of the workpiece in a subsequent usage as design elements working under tribological loads due to their extreme superplastic properties. The tribologically induced surface layers formation already starts during the manufacturing of the components, by leading to a change of workpiece material near the surface. Particularly when the depth of cut h becomes of the same order as the cutting edge radius rß, the ploughing process becomes increasingly important and strongly influences the chip formation process. The plastic zone depth within the surface layer is especially influenced by the design of the microgeometry of the cutting tools and increases almost linearly with the ratio of cutting edge radius rßto depth of cut h. The plastic zone is hereby approximately of the same order of magnitude as the cutting edge radius rß. Parameters that are studied and taken into account in the manufacturing process are cutting edge radius rß, depth of cut h and cutting velocity vc. Variations of cutting depth h are performed in a range of 30 to 100 µm and variations of cutting edge radius rßare executed in a range of 30 to 150 µm. The microgeometries of the tools are preconditioned by abrasive grinding with a drag finishing machine and observed by a confocal light microscope. A cutting velocity vcof 25 and 150 m/min is applied. The evaluation of the manufacturing process is carried out by detailed analyses of the microstructural conditions in the surface layer after processing using a Focused Ion Beam system. These material characterizations provide information about the surface engineering concerning the microstructural changes in the workpiece surface layer due to machining. Hereby, the grain size analysis is investigated by a line method based on the characterization of portions of several test-lines positioned across the two dimensional Focused Ion Beam images.
Design of Assembly Systems for Large-Scale Battery Cells
Authors: Kurfer Jakob
Published: September 2013

The social and technical trends regarding electro mobility and the turnaround in energy policy cause an increasing demand on large-scale and high-quality lithium-ion cells as core components for electrical storage systems. Within the production of lithium-ion cells, cell assembly has to deal with diverse challenges which result from product complexity and a lack of production experience. This paper covers the design of assembly systems for large-scale lithium-ion cells and presents the enhancement of conventional design processes by three add-on modules. The first one is an analysis of product structure and design focus points and is described in this paper. The modules two and three are outlined.
Analytical Modelling of Temperature Distribution Using Potential Theory by Reference to Broaching of Nickel-Based Alloys
Authors: Gierlings Sascha , Brockmann Matthias
Published: September 2013

Knowledge of temperature fields and heat flow evolving during metal cutting processes is of significant importance for ensuring and predicting the product`s quality. Furthermore, this knowledge enables an improved usage of resources, such as machine tools and tool deployment. The strength of the heat sources as a result of the process and the distribution of the temperature in the material directly influence the tool wear mechanisms, wear rate, thermo-elastic deflection of the tool centre point and the amount of heat flowing into the newly generated work piece surface. Especially the latter effect is of crucial importance when it comes to safety critical components as they are employed in aero-engines. In aviation industry, the surface integrity is used as a complex quality measure summarising several aspects at the machined surface and sub-surface out of which many issues are predominantly thermal issues (e.g. temperature driven hardening of the work piece material, re-cast and white etching layers as well as residual stress profiles).
Investigations on Orbital Forming of Sheet Metals to Manufacture Tailored Blanks with a Defined Sheet Thickness Variation
Authors: Plettke Raoul , Opel Simon
Published: September 2013

Orbital forming is an incremental bulk cold forming process with many advantages. It can produce net-shape or near-net-shape parts that have superior mechanical properties due to work hardening compared to manufacturing with cutting processes or hot forming. In this work the orbital forming process is employed in a closed-die configuration. A rising of the material thickness in the outer areas of a circular sheetmetal blank is enabled by preventing the lateral material flow. The main effects and subsequently the effects of the interaction of parameters were investigated by a two-step design of experiments. A screening plan was used to identify the statistically relevant parameters. The effects were then studied in a subsequent central-composite design of experiments. With the measured data a nonlinear response-surface model was parameterized to describe the dependency of the mould filling on the investigated process parameters. This model was validated experimentally and showed a good agreement to reality. Additionally a new concept for the tool system was developed and investigated. The form-defining cavity can be changed from the upper punch to the counterpunch.
Influence of Material Model Parameters on the Prediction of Bending Loads in Sheet Metal Forming Simulation
Authors: Hönle Severin
Published: September 2013

The demands on accuracy of forming simulation rised sharply in recent years due to increasing manufacturing costs and intensive application of lightweight materials in automotive industry. The accuracy of prediction of forming simulation depends mainly on the use of material models, pre-processing parameters and friction modelling. For isolated investigation of individual parameters a new test has been developed at the Institute for Metal Forming Technology (IFU), University of Stuttgart. This buckling-bending-test allows a frictionless investigation of bending processes. Within preliminary investigation buckling-bending-tests were carried out using an aluminium sheet material. The strain on the outer skin of the specimen was measured in-situ during the test by the use of an optical measuring system. According to the experiments, a forming simulation of the buckling-bending-test was generated using LS-Dyna. The parameters necessary for the pre-processing, such as element size, refinement levels and meshing parameters were examined in a separate simulation study to determine the optimum for the subsequent simulation study. The approaches of Ludwik, Hollomon, Gosh and Swift have been used to describe the flow curve. It was found out that the best match can be achieved by an extrapolation according to Ludwik. The improvement of prediction amounts to 5 per cent. The description of the yield locus depends on the material file used for the simulation. In this investigation the material models MAT_18, MAT_36, MAT_37, MAT122 and MAT_133 have been used. It was shown that the prediction of bending loads can be approved by the use of the yield locus description of Barlat.
Geometrical variations of tubes and their impact on freeform bending processes
Authors: Vatter Peter , Plettke Raoul
Published: September 2013

In bending processes for tubes and profiles, the produced bending geometry depends on the characteristics of the semifinished product. Tubes are subjected to scatter and deviations from the standard’s dimensions caused by their fabrication process. This results in deviations of the forming behaviour. Depending on the bending process, the effect of this phenomenon is even larger, if the deviation of process forces leads to a significant deflection of the die elements. Particularly kinematic bending processes, e. g. the 3-roll-push-bending process have shown to be highly sensitive to low machine stiffness. The effect of this factor has not been identified among the influences of other disturbance factors so far. As an additional aspect, the tube dimensions affect the material characterization which leads to inaccurate material properties in numerical simulations. This results in wrong input data for the process design and has to be corrected in lengthy adjustment procedures. In this contribution the scatter of some geometrical tubes properties and its impact on the 3-roll-push-bending process is investigated. The tube geometry is measured by a tactile measurement system and is compared to the product standards. Observed deviations are categorized according to DIN 4760. The impact of the deviations on the bending process is examined by numerical variant calculations. Besides the tube dimensions, the stiffness of the machine is varied and the influence determined. By considering the errors resulting from wrong input data in the material characterization the overall error is quantified.
An Integrated Simulation Approach to the Development of Assembly System Components
Authors: Paryanto  , Merhof Jochen , Brossog Matthias , Fischer Christian
Published: September 2013

Commonly, a modelling and simulation approach is used for parameter optimization and system behavior analysis of assembly system components. However, such simulation approaches are often not well integrated or its analysis is still based on a specific physical domain. This paper proposes an integrated simulation approach that can be used for designing, analyzing and optimizing the entire physical domain as well as the control system of mechatronic components in an assembly system. The state-of-the-art, requirements, our concept and the limitations of an integrated simulation approach are explained in this paper. A case study of the development of conveyor systems using the multi-domain simulation tool OpenModelica is also presented. On-going research shows that the integrated approach offers various benefits such as reduced development time and minimized errors, as well as maintenance during the commissioning process.
Numerical Analysis of the Manufacturing Impact on Magnetic Stray Fields at Electromagnetic Actuators
Authors: Brela Matthäus , Gebhardt Hans-Jörg
Published: September 2013

Abstract. The technical parameters of magnetic actuators, such as electromagnets, resonance actuators, reluctance actuators etc., are determined by the magnetic properties of the materials as well as the manufacturing and the design configuration. Some exemplary defects in electromagnetic actuators due to the manufacturing are heterogeneous magnetic properties of the materials, cracks, defects and parasitic air gaps in and directly around the magnetic circuit. To implement inline measurement systems to characterise defects within the manufacturing process a study has been carried out to display the influences of production impacts on magnetic stray fields outside the magnetic circuit.
Potential and Challenges of Combined Roller and Plain Bearings for Servo Presses
Authors: Scheitza Matthias , Schmitt Sebastian O. , Emde Stefan
Published: September 2013

In order to provide higher accuracy and an increased life time for bearings in kinematic drives of servo-driven stroke controlled presses this article presents a combination of a roller and a plain bearing. With an example of the 3D-Servo-Press, the applied design is illustrated and the advantages are discussed. A technological solution is presented which enables a specific pretension for each individual bearing according to its tribological requirements. Using a developed matlab-programme the behaviour of a conventional plain bearing is opposed to the new bearing combination by its illustrated displacement paths of the shaft in the bearing shell under certain conditions of a common balancer system. The feasibility of this initial tension system is shown by means of a bearing prototype. Finally measurement results of a prototype will be shown which proof the manufacturability of the presented bearing combination.
Handling and Fixation of Permanent Magnets
Authors: Tremel Jan , Hofmann Benjamin , Risch Florian
Published: September 2013

Due to rapid developments within the family of rare-earth materials innovative electrical machines can nowadays be used as high efficient generators in various power, as well as rugged constructed machines for automobile battery based propulsion in hybrid and full electric vehicles. The production of different motor concepts spread into different design variants and creates complex variations especially regarding the rotor. Deriving from various research projects, the handling of the permanent magnet components is investigated, including the development of new assembly and fixation methods.
Development of a Self-Learning, Automatic Parameterisation of an Aerodynamic Part Feeding System
Authors: Busch Jan , Knüppel Konja
Published: September 2013

The individualisation of customer requirements and the increasing pressure to reduce manufacturing costs due to the internationalisation of markets requires undertakings to react flexibly and to ensure long-term competitiveness through innovations in production processes. As far as lowering manufacturing costs is concerned, there is considerable potential for rationalisation in assembly work. At the same time, it is expected that the provision and supply of parts in automated assembly systems will become a bottleneck in future with regard to quality, time and costs. The reason for this is that the part feeding systems traditionally used are stretched to their limits in terms of supply performance, flexibility and process reliability. Orienting parts in feeding systems is often the most technically demanding process. Active, aerodynamic orientation systems for feeding parts have been developed at the Institute of Production Systems and Logistics. The system’s parameters have had to be configured manually by experienced technicians to date. This work takes up a great deal of time. In order to minimise this time spent by users, a genetic algorithm (GA) is developed in this paper, which enables the optimum parameter values for unknown parts to be identified automatically. To this end, the optimisation problem to be solved, namely to identify the parameter values for aerodynamic orientation, is first described mathematically. The structure of the GA and its method of functioning are then explained. A methodology to accelerate the convergence speed of the GA is presented in this context, in that the quantity of individuals in each generation and the number of test parts observed is adapted to the quality of the solution in order to shorten the time needed to find the solution.