bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cultural tourist and user experience with artificial intelligence: a holistic perspective from the Industry 5.0 approach
Authors: Orea-Giner Alicia , Muñoz-Mazón Ana , Villacé-Molinero Teresa , Fuentes-Moraleda Laura
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the future of the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in services experience provided by cultural institutions (e.g. museums, exhibition halls and cultural centres) from experts’, cultural tourists’ and users’ point of view under the Industry 5.0 approach.

Design/methodology/approach

The research was conducted using a qualitative approach, which was based on the analysis of the contents obtained from two roundtable discussions with experts and cultural tourists and users. A thematic analysis using NVivo was done to the data obtained.

Findings

From a futuristic Industry 5.0 approach, AI is considered to be more than a tool – it as an integral part of the entire experience. AI aids in connecting cultural institutions with users and is beneficial since it allows the institutions to get to know the users better and provide a more integrated and immersive experience. Furthermore, AI is critical in establishing a community and nurturing it daily.

Originality/value

The most important contribution of this research is the theoretical model focused on the user experience and AI application in services experiences of museums and cultural institutions from an Industry 5.0 approach. This model includes the visitors’ and managers’ points of view through the following dimensions: the pre-experience, experience and post-experience. This model is focused on human–AI coworking (HAIC) in museums and cultural institutions.
Defected microstrip structure-based near-end and far-end crosstalk mitigation in high-speed PCBs for mixed signals
Authors: V. Yokesh , Alsath Gulam Nabi , Kanagasabai Malathi
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The design, fabrication and experimental validation of defected microstrip structure (DMS) are proposed to address the problem of near-end crosstalk (NEXT) and far-end crosstalk (FEXT) between the microstrip transmission lines in a printed circuit board.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed DMS evolved with the combination of spur line (L-shaped DMS) and U-shaped DMS topologies. This technique reduces the strength of electromagnetic coupling and suppresses crosstalk by optimizing the capacitive and inductive coupling ratio between the linked microstrip lines. The practical inductance value is much more significant in DMS than in defected ground structures (DGS), but the capacitance value remains the same.

Findings

A DMS unit is etched on the aggressor microstrip line instead of the DGS circuit. Because there is no leakage via the ground plane and the circuit size is far smaller than with DGS, the enclosure issue is disregarded. DMS structures have a larger effective inductance and are resistant to electromagnetic interference. A tightly coupled transmission line structure with minimal separation between the coupled microstrip line is designed using DMS. Further research must be conducted to improve the NEXT, FEXT and spacing between the transmission lines.

Originality/value

Simulation and actual measurement results show that the proposed DMS structure can effectively suppress crosstalk by analysing the S-parameters, namely, S_12, S_13 and S_14, with measured values of 1.48 dB, 20.65 dB and 21.099 dB, respectively. The data rate is measured to be 1.34 Gbps as per the eye diagram characterization. The results show that the NEXT and FEXT are reduced by approximately 20 dB in the frequency range of 1–11 GHz for mixed signals. The substantial measured results in the vector network analyser coincide with the computer simulation technology microwave studio suite simulation results.
The libidinal body in community-based education: Evidence of somaesthetics from Borneo's Dayaknese communities
Authors: Sugiharto Setiono
Published: December 2022

Amidst the lingering prominence of idealist and rationalist traditions in the philosophy of education, the notion of living, sentient body (or soma) seems to have received scant attention by educational philosophers hitherto. These traditions—whose strong influence can be traced back to such philosophers as Plato, Descartes, Leibniz and Wolff—elevate and privilege the import of reasoning and mind over the body, rendering the latter ancillary and even distorting to the pursuit of knowledge and truth. Drawing on the idea of somaestehtic philosophy initially proposed by Richard Shusterman, this article first discusses this philosophical outlook and then expands it by foregrounding the notion of the libidinal body—that is, the potentiality of the performative dimension of the soma in constructing and reconstructing knowledge. It argues that the soma itself is, in fact, the site of desire for knowledge production and reproduction. To buttress this argument, the article provides evidence from Borneo's Dayaknese communities as one of the instances of the somatic society where the practices of the libidinal body for the community's education are most conspicuous. The article ends with some thoughts on the possible research directions the philosophy of education ought to take to push the field forward in its pursuit for virtue and the good life.
The riskiness of outstanding mortgages in the United States, 1999–2019
Authors: Larson William D.
Published: December 2022

This article introduces measures of credit risk for all outstanding mortgages in the United States between 1999 and 2019. Terminations play a fundamental role in offsetting risk introduced by new originations because of refinance activity and the often dual nature of home buyers as concurrent sellers. To illustrate these concepts in a policy setting, I show that the Home Affordable Refinance Program increased origination risk metrics but reduced overall risk due to associated terminations of even riskier loans. In addition to these flow dynamics, amortization, loan age, collateral appreciation, and prior selection drive changes to portfolio‐level risk.
Fortification by design: A rational approach to designing vitamin D delivery systems for foods and beverages
Authors: Maurya Vaibhav Kumar , Shakya Amita , Bashir Khalid , Jan Kulsum , McClements David Julian
Published: December 2022

Over the past few decades, vitamin D deficiency has been recognized as a serious global public health challenge. The World Health Organization has recommended fortification of foods with vitamin D, but this is often challenging because of its low water solubility, poor chemical stability, and low bioavailability. Studies have shown that these challenges can be overcome by encapsulating vitamin D within well‐designed delivery systems containing nanoscale or microscale particles. The characteristics of these particles, such as their composition, size, structure, interfacial properties, and charge, can be controlled to attain desired functionality for specific applications. Recently, there has been great interest in the design, production, and application of vitamin‐D loaded delivery systems. Many of the delivery systems reported in the literature are unsuitable for widespread application due to the complexity and high costs of the processing operations required to fabricate them, or because they are incompatible with food matrices. In this article, the concept of “fortification by design” is introduced, which involves a systematic approach to the design, production, and testing of colloidal delivery systems for the encapsulation and fortification of oil‐soluble vitamins, using vitamin D as a model. Initially, the challenges associated with the incorporation of vitamin D into foods and beverages are reviewed. The fortification by design concept is then described, which involves several steps: (i) selection of appropriate vitamin D form; (ii) selection of appropriate food matrix; (iii) identification of appropriate delivery system; (iv) identification of appropriate production method; (vii) establishment of appropriate testing procedures; and (viii) system optimization.
Induction of vascular endothelial growth factor‐A165a in human retinal and endothelial cells in response to glyoxal
Authors: Morawietz Henning , Frenzel Annika , Mieting Alice , Goettsch Winfried , Valtink Monika , Roehlecke Cora , Jászai József , Funk Richard H. W. , Becker Klio A. , Engelmann Katrin
Published: December 2022

Low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis is effective and safe for patients with diabetes, proteinuria, and dyslipidemia. Diabetes mellitus is accompanied by ocular microvascular complications like retinal neovascularization or diabetic macular edema. These are leading causes of blindness and can be mediated by abnormal vessel growth and increased vascular permeability due to elevated levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in diabetic patients. In this study, we established methods to study the expression of different VEGF isoforms in human retinal and endothelial cells. The VEGF‐A165a isoform is much higher expressed in retinal cells, compared to endothelial cells. Stimulation with glyoxal as a model of oxidative stress under diabetic conditions lead to a pronounced induction of VEGF‐A165a in human retinal and endothelial cells. These data suggest that diabetes and oxidative stress induce VEGF‐A isoforms which could be relevant in regulating the ingrowths of novel blood vessels into the retina in diabetic patients.
Therapeutic plasma exchange in the intensive care unit: Rationale, special considerations, and techniques for combined circuits
Authors: Sanchez Amber P. , Ward David M. , Cunard Robyn
Published: December 2022

Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is an extracorporeal blood purification technique with proven efficacy in a variety of conditions, including in the intensive care setting. It is not uncommon for a critically ill patient to require more than one extracorporeal procedure in addition to TPE. This review focuses on the combination of TPE with other extracorporeal circuits in a critical care setting via a single vascular access (either in‐series, parallel, or a hybrid mode) which is often referred to as performing procedures “in tandem.” Authors performed literature review via pubmed.gov using search terms: plasma exchange, plasmapheresis, apheresis, tandem circuits, combined circuits, critical care, ICU, CRRT, hemodialysis, and ECMO. Thirty‐eight English‐language, peer‐reviewed papers were appraised that satisfied the content of this review on techniques for combining circuits with plasma exchange, as well as describing the advantages of tandem procedures and potential complications that can arise. Performing these procedures simultaneously can be advantageous in reducing total procedure and staffing time, avoiding placement of additional central lines, reducing overall need for anticoagulation, and limiting multiple blood primes in certain populations. However, the described combined circuits are complex, associated with higher complications, and require a skilled team to understand and mitigate the potential complications associated with these combined procedures.
Pregnancy in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia—A case series
Authors: Bláha Milan , Veletová Kateřina , Blaha Vladimír , Lánská Miriam , Žák Pavel
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal codominant lipid metabolism disorder. It results in lifelong elevation of plasmatic low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels, followed by premature atherosclerosis. In women, pregnancy and lactation represent an additional risk due to association of physiological changes, pre‐existing dyslipidemia, and limited therapeutic possibilities and experiences. Methods of extracorporeal LDL‐apheresis represent a suitable therapeutic approach.

Case series

We present our experience in case reports of six HoFH women and their 13 pregnancies (nine successful, three abortions, and one interruption). One patient experienced a lethal complication of her pregnancy. Of the nine successful pregnancies, two cases were treated by LDL‐apheresis.

Conclusion

Pregnancy in HoFH women represents substantial risk; however, patients without signs of decompensated cardiovascular disease can have a good prognosis. LDL‐apheresis plays an important role in the management of pregnancy in HoFH.
Complementary role of evinacumab in combination with lipoprotein apheresis in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Duell Paul Barton , Warden Bruce A.
Published: December 2022

Patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) have severe hypercholesterolemia from birth and if untreated may experience very early onset of coronary artery disease in childhood or young adulthood with an aggressive course resulting in early death. Early initiation of aggressive low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) lowering is the mainstay of treatment, which requires the use of a multidrug treatment regimen, often in combination with lipoprotein apheresis, but LDL‐C goal achievement is frequently unattainable due to the severity of baseline hypercholesterolemia and hyporesponsiveness to many LDL‐C‐lowering medications. Evinacumab, a monoclonal antibody that sequesters angiopoietin‐like 3 protein and lowers LDL‐C by an average of 49% in patients with homozygous FH, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in February 2021 and is a major advance in treatment of these high‐risk patients. In this report, we describe the complementary role of evinacumab in combination with lipoprotein apheresis in two patients with homozygous FH.
Microwave‐assisted enzymatic extraction brings a notably high yield of polysaccharides from mountain Zizania latifolia
Authors: Zhang Yang , Liu Xinyue , Wang Ziteng , Sha Yueshi , Zhang Shushu , Xu Hai , Bai Yun , Liu Jiangyun , Yan Zhaowei
Published: December 2022

Mountain Zizania latifolia is produced at scale in China, and the edible swollen culm is exported to many countries, but little attention has been paid to its functional components. In this work, microwave‐assisted enzymatic extraction (MAEE) is used for the first time to extract polysaccharides from mountain Z. latifolia swollen culm (PMZL). MAEE conditions optimized by Box–Behnken design‐response surface methodology were as follows: 2.4% cellulase, microwaving for 6.0 min at 607 W, with a liquid‐to‐solid ratio of 63:1 ml g−1. Under these conditions, a notably high yield of 60.43% ± 1.12% for PMZL was achieved, which was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than from plain‐grown varieties. PMZL are naturally occurring sulfated polysaccharide–protein complexes containing 8.46% ± 0.18% proteins and 7.86% ± 0.73% sulfates. PMZL comprises mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucose, galactose, and arabinose at molar ratios of 3.80:2.68:1.00:17.41:5.12:2.91, with a weight‐average molecular weight of 1569,219 Da and a number‐average molecular weight of 364,088 Da. The surface morphology of PMZL is composed of tightly packed oval particles, and this kind of promising polysaccharides preferentially scavenges reactive nitrogen species.

Practical Application

Due to global warming, the land available for planting vegetables is likely to expand to higher areas, so greater attention should now be paid to mountain‐grown vegetables. This study provides an efficient way to obtain novel polysaccharides from mountain Zizania latifolia using microwave‐assisted enzymatic extraction with a remarkably high yield of 60.4%. This promising source of natural carbohydrates has potential uses in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, functional foods, cosmetics, and functional materials industries.
Marinobacter: A case study in bioelectrochemical chassis evaluation
Authors: Bird Lina J. , Mickol Rebecca L. , Eddie Brian J. , Thakur Meghna , Yates Matthew D. , Glaven Sarah M.
Published: December 2022

The junction of bioelectrochemical systems and synthetic biology opens the door to many potentially groundbreaking technologies. When developing these possibilities, choosing the correct chassis organism can save a great deal of engineering effort and, indeed, can mean the difference between success and failure. Choosing the correct chassis for a specific application requires a knowledge of the metabolic potential of the candidate organisms, as well as a clear delineation of the traits, required in the application. In this review, we will explore the metabolic and electrochemical potential of a single genus,Marinobacter.We will cover its strengths, (salt tolerance, biofilm formation and electrochemical potential) and weaknesses (insufficient characterization of many strains and a less developed toolbox for genetic manipulation) in potential synthetic electromicrobiology applications. In doing so, we will provide a roadmap for choosing a chassis organism for bioelectrochemical systems.
Leveraging substrate flexibility and product selectivity of acetogens in two‐stage systems for chemical production
Authors: Ricci Luca , Seifert Arne , Bernacchi Sebastien , Fino Debora , Pirri Candido Fabrizio , Re Angela
Published: December 2022

Carbon dioxide (CO2) stands out as sustainable feedstock for developing a circular carbon economy whose energy supply could be obtained by boosting the production of clean hydrogen from renewable electricity. H2‐dependent CO2 gas fermentation using acetogenic microorganisms offers a viable solution of increasingly demonstrated value. While gas fermentation advances to achieve commercial process scalability, which is currently limited to a few products such as acetate and ethanol, it is worth taking the best of the current state‐of‐the‐art technology by its integration within innovative bioconversion schemes. This review presents multiple scenarios where gas fermentation by acetogens integrate into double‐stage biotechnological production processes that use CO2 as sole carbon feedstock and H2 as energy carrier for products' synthesis. In the integration schemes here reviewed, the first stage can be biotic or abiotic while the second stage is biotic. When the first stage is biotic, acetogens act as a biological platform to generate chemical intermediates such as acetate, formate and ethanol that become substrates for a second fermentation stage. This approach holds the potential to enhance process titre/rate/yield metrics and products' spectrum. Alternatively, when the first stage is abiotic, the integrated two‐stage scheme foresees, in the first stage, the catalytic transformation of CO2 into C1 products that, in the second stage, can be metabolized by acetogens. This latter scheme leverages the metabolic flexibility of acetogens in efficient utilization of the products of CO2 abiotic hydrogenation, namely formate and methanol, to synthesize multicarbon compounds but also to act as flexible catalysts for hydrogen storage or production.
Microbial antibiotics take the lead in the fight against plant pathogens
Authors: Roca Amalia , Matilla Miguel A.
Published: December 2022

The plant microbiome is essential for plant fitness and health. Antibiotics produced by plant‐associated bacteria have been shown to play an important role in protecting plant hosts against phytopathogens. Here, we highlight the strong biotechnological potential of (i) antibiotic producing plant‐associated bacteria as biocontrol agents and (ii) the heterologous expression of antibiotic biosynthetic gene clusters in non‐pathogenic plant‐associated bacteria. We also provide the complete list of the active substances based on bacteria, fungi, and viruses currently approved or pending approval in the European Union, as an indication of the significant emergence and biotechnological applicability of biopesticides. Further progress in this field of research will enable the development of novel biopesticides for the biocontrol of agricultural pests.
Development of a live biotherapeutic throat spray with lactobacilli targeting respiratory viral infections
Authors: Spacova Irina , De Boeck Ilke , Cauwenberghs Eline , Delanghe Lize , Bron Peter A. , Henkens Tim , Simons Alix , Gamgami Imane , Persoons Leentje , Claes Ingmar , van den Broek Marianne F. L. , Schols Dominique , Delputte Peter , Coenen Samuel , Verhoeven Veronique , Lebeer Sarah
Published: December 2022

Respiratory viruses such as influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and coronaviruses initiate infection at the mucosal surfaces of the upper respiratory tract (URT), where the resident respiratory microbiome has an important gatekeeper function. In contrast to gut‐targeting administration of beneficial bacteria against respiratory viral disease, topical URT administration of probiotics is currently underexplored, especially for the prevention and/or treatment of viral infections. Here, we report the formulation of a throat spray with live lactobacilli exhibiting several in vitro mechanisms of action against respiratory viral infections, including induction of interferon regulatory pathways and direct inhibition of respiratory viruses. Rational selection ofLactobacillaceaestrains was based on previously documented beneficial properties, up‐scaling and industrial production characteristics, clinical safety parameters, and potential antiviral and immunostimulatory efficacy in the URT demonstrated in this study. Using a three‐step selection strategy, three strains were selected and further tested in vitro antiviral assays and in formulations:Lacticaseibacillus caseiAMBR2 as a promising endogenous candidate URT probiotic with previously reported barrier‐enhancing and anti‐pathogenic properties and the two well‐studied model strainsLacticaseibacillus rhamnosusGG andLactiplantibacillus plantarumWCFS1 that display immunomodulatory capacities. The three strains and their combination significantly reduced the cytopathogenic effects of RSV, influenza A/H1N1 and B viruses, and HCoV‐229E coronavirus in co‐culture models with bacteria, virus, and host cells. Subsequently, these strains were formulated in a throat spray and human monocytes were employed to confirm the formulation process did not reduce the interferon regulatory pathway‐inducing capacity. Administration of the throat spray in healthy volunteers revealed that the lactobacilli were capable of temporary colonization of the throat in a metabolically active form. Thus, the developed spray with live lactobacilli will be further explored in the clinic as a potential broad‐acting live biotherapeutic strategy against respiratory viral diseases.
Spectrum of intracranial and spinal epidermoids including unusual locations and imaging findings: A pictorial review
Authors: Nitheesha Reddy Vendoti , Nagarajan Krishnan , Midhusha Reddy Vendoti , Amuthabharathi Mohan , Gopalakrishnan Madhavan S , Ramesh Andi S
Published: December 2022

Intracranial and spinal epidermoids are benign slow‐growing congenital lesions. They are predominantly intradural, extra‐axial in location, with intra‐axial locations (intra‐parenchymal and spinal intramedullary) being rare. The most common locations of intradural epidermoids are cerebellopontine angle cistern followed by supra‐ and para‐sellar regions, and fourth ventricle. Less common locations include inter‐hemispheric fissure, sylvian fissure, lateral ventricle, intracerebral, velum interpositum cistern, superior cerebellar cistern and pineal gland. They can also be extradural, usually arising in the diploic space of the calvaria, though they are less common. Magnetic resonance imaging is the primary modality for diagnosis and knowing the extent of the lesion. In this pictorial review, we intend to illustrate their classical and unusual locations, atypical imaging findings including calcifications, rare complications like haemorrhage or spontaneous rupture.
Global ocean governance in the Anthropocene: From extractive imaginaries to planetary boundaries?
Authors: Stephens Tim
Published: December 2022

As with other fields of international law addressing human‐nature relations, the Anthropocene invites the reappraisal and reimagining of the law of the sea, the primary normative framework through which states regulate access to, and the use of, the global ocean. The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) effected a major shift in global ocean governance towards a public order of the seas. However, the law of the sea remains substantially tethered to a Holocene conception of the ocean as a stable environmental domain of extractive exploitation and jurisdictional demarcation. This is illustrated by the confined scope of negotiations on a new implementing agreement under UNCLOS on the conservation and use of marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction. Additionally, there has been limited acknowledgment of the multiple sites at which ocean governance in the Anthropocene takes place, in particular the central role of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. It is contended that one way forward for addressing both these conceptual constraints and the UNCLOS and UNFCCC regime coordination challenges is the adoption of global ocean governance goals informed by the ‘Planetary Boundaries’ framework.
Comparative analysis of electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy versus computed tomography‐guided lung puncture for the sampling of indeterminate pulmonary nodules in the middle of an anatomic lung segment: A cohort study
Authors: Zhang Shuliang , Guo Feilong , Wang Hongjin , Chen Maohui , Huang Guanglei , Zhu Yong , Zheng Wei , Zheng Bin , Chen Chun
Published: December 2022

Background

To compare the diagnostic positive rate and complication rate between the electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) technique and computed tomography (CT)‐guided lung puncture for the biopsy of lung nodules located in the middle of an anatomic lung segment.

Methods

Electronic medical records of 114 patients who underwent lung nodule biopsy between June 2021 and June 2022 were retrospectively evaluated. In all patients, the nodules were located in the middle third lung segment. To compare the diagnostic positive and complication rates between the two biopsy modalities performed in this lung region, clinical data, complication rates, nodule pathology, and imaging results were reviewed based on nodule characteristics retrieved from the electronic medical records.

Results

Ninety‐three patients underwent CT‐guided lung puncture, while the remaining 21 patients underwent the ENB technique. No significant difference was observed in the diagnostic positive rate between the two groups (73.6 and 76.1%, respectively). In the CT‐guided lung puncture group, pneumothorax incidence, tube placement, postoperative hemorrhage, and symptomatic hemorrhage rates were 16.1, 6.5, 6.5, and 1.1%, respectively. In contrast, no complications occurred in the ENB group.

Conclusions

The ENB technique is a safe and effective method for performing biopsies of pulmonary nodules with a diagnostic positive rate comparable to that of CT‐guided lung puncture and with a lower postoperative complication rate.
Long‐term ecological data confirm and refine conservation assessment of critically endangered swift parrots
Authors: Owens G. , Heinsohn R. , Crates R. , Stojanovic D.
Published: December 2022

Conservation assessments of threatened species are often limited by scarce data and parameter uncertainty. Predictive models, designed to incorporate this uncertainty, may be the only tool available to inform conservation assessments for data‐deficient species, but they are used surprisingly rarely for this purpose. The swift parrotLathamus discoloris the only critically endangered bird to be listed in Australia based on population viability analysis (PVA). We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the 2015 conservation assessment, which used sparse information, by incorporating new detailed and long‐term data. First, we updated a range of life history parameter estimates, and then we repeated the same PVA as per the original conservation assessment. This process confirmed our earlier finding that swift parrot nests were more likely to survive in places with high mature forest cover. We identify that high forest landscape integrity and abundant hollow‐bearing trees best predict nest daily survival rates. Based on the updated PVA, we predict a 92.3% population decline over three generations (11 years). This supported the predictions of the original conservation assessment, and the main benefit of the additional data was improved confidence in projections (the magnitude and direction of the population decline were similar between the original and updated PVAs). Our results demonstrate that meaningful trends can be inferred for species with imperfect information about their life history. Using predictive models like PVAs can help managers identify which life history parameters impact most on demographic trends. This information can guide targeted data collection so that ‘draft’ models can be later updated to improve certainty around population predictions.
Genetic support of a causal relationship between cannabis use and educational attainment: a two‐sample Mendelian randomization study of European ancestry
Authors: Chen Dongze , Wang Xinpei , Huang Tao , Jia Jinzhu
Published: December 2022

Background and Aims

Excessive cannabis use may lead to lower educational attainment. However, this association may be due to confounders and reverse causality. We tested the potential causal relationship between cannabis use disorder (CUD) or life‐time cannabis use (LCU) and educational attainment.

Design

Bidirectional two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted. Our primary method was inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) MR, with a series of sensitivity analyses. Multivariable MR (MVMR) was performed to estimate any direct effect independent of intelligence, smoking initiation or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Setting and participants

European ancestry individuals. The sample sizes of the genome‐wide association study ranged from 55 374 to 632 802 participants.

Measurements

Genetic variants of CUD, LCU or educational attainment.

Findings

Using univariable MR, we found evidence of a potential causal effect of genetic liability to CUD on a lower educational attainment [MR, 95% confidence interval (CI)inverse variance weighted (IVW) = −1.2 month (−1.9 month, −0.5 month); P = 0.0008]. However, we found no evidence of an effect of genetic liability to LCU on educational attainment [MR, 95% CIIVW = 0.5 month (−1.5 month, 2.6 month), P = 0.6032]. Reverse direction analysis suggested that genetic liability to higher educational attainment had a potential causal effect on lower risk of CUD [odds ratio (OR), 95% CIIVW = 0.39 (0.29, 0.52), P = 1.69 × 10−10]. We also found evidence of potential causal effect from genetic liability to higher educational attainment to higher risk of LCU [OR, 95% CIIVW = 1.35 (1.11, 1.66), P = 0.0033].

Conclusions

Genetic liability to cannabis use disorder may lead to lower educational attainment. Genetic liability to higher educational attainment may also lead to higher life‐time cannabis use risk and lower cannabis use disorder risk. However, the bidirectional effect between cannabis use disorder and educational attainment may be due to shared risk factors (e.g. attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder).
The expression of NOTUM in replantation of severed fingers may be an important treatment factor
Authors: Li Bin , Xiao Libing , Ye Danhong , Zhong Siyi , Yan Qiaoyu
Published: December 2022

Background

After years of development, digital replantation has become a mature treatment. Although the NOTUM gene has been shown to be involved in the formation of vertebrate nerves, whether it contributes to the osteogenic mechanism of severed finger replantation remains unknown. In response to this, this study investigates the specific details of NOTUM involvement in replantation of severed fingers.

Methods

The experimental subjects are patients with replantation of severed fingers from Shulan International Medical College of Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University. In addition to using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) as an in vitro system, this experiment also involves quantitative polymerase chain reaction, microarray analysis, cell counting Kit‐8, ethynyl deoxyuridine staining and Western blot analysis.

Results

The expression level of NOTUM in the severed finger replantation group is lower than that in the normal group. NOTUM inhibits cell growth and cell transfer, osteogenic differentiation and β‐catenin gene expression in BMSCs. Luciferase reporter assay illustrated that β‐catenin wild type closely correlated with NOTUM. The inhibition of β‐catenin increases the effects of NOTUM on cell growth, cell transfer and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.

Conclusions

Considering that NOTUM can inhibit cell growth, cell transfer, osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, as well as the gene expression of β‐catenin, it may be a biomarker of osteogenic differentiation and a potential therapeutic target for replantation of severed fingers.
Clinical implications of uterine cultures obtained during urgent caesarean section
Authors: Abu Shqara Raneen , Bussidan Shay , Glikman Daniel , Rechnitzer Hagai , Lowenstein Lior , Frank Wolf Maya
Published: December 2022

Background

Postpartum endometritis (PPE) is 12–25 times more common following caesarean sections (CS) performed after labour onset than after vaginal delivery. Risk factors for PPE include prolonged rupture of membranes (ROM), chorioamnionitis, prolonged labour, multiple cervical examinations and Group B Streptococcus colonisation of the lower genital tract.

Aims

We compared uterine culture results and microbial antibiotic susceptibility according to ROM duration in emergent intrapartum CS. Secondary outcomes included PPE incidence, and identification of clinical and microbiological predictors of infectious postpartum morbidity.

Materials and methods

In a retrospective case series of intrapartum CS in which uterine culture was performed, associations with postpartum outcomes including postpartum microbiology are reported. The results were stratified by the duration of ROM (treated as a categorical variable). Univariate analysis was performed.

Results

Positive uterine cultures were identified in 15% of emergent CS and correlated with prolonged ROM. Escherichia coli was the sole pathogen isolated in preterm CS; the ampicillin resistance rate was 75%. Among women with positive uterine cultures, rates were increased for postpartum fever, re‐admission, PPE and surgical site infection. Cultures obtained from postpartum infections correlated with pathogens isolated from uterine cultures during CS in 46.1% of women. Positive uterine culture was related to umbilical cord pH < 7.1 (P = 0.017).

Conclusions

Obtaining routine intrauterine culture during intrapartum CS is of low risk and low cost, and relatively easy to perform. Further research should investigate clinical and health economic impacts of obtaining intrauterine culture during CS, influences on postpartum antibiotic treatment, and maternal and neonatal morbidity.
Impella RP Flex with SmartAssist receives FDA pre‐market approval
Authors: Han Jason J.
Published: December 2022

This approval follows an ongoing trend toward less invasive and more versatile mechanical circulatory support platforms.
Risk factors for peripheral hypertrophic subepithelial corneal opacification
Authors: Riedl Jana C. , Misirkhanova Aminat , Musayeva Aytan , Wasielica‐Poslednik Joanna , Pfeiffer Norbert , Gericke Adrian
Published: December 2022

Background

To evaluate the phenotype, tear secretion and refractive changes of patients diagnosed with peripheral hypertrophic subepithelial corneal opacification (PHSCO).

Methods

This is a retrospective, interventional case series conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz. Medical records of patients diagnosed with PHSCO were analysed. Sex, age, fluorescein tear film breakup time (FTBUT), Schirmer Test II, iris colour and hair colour were assessed. Objective refraction was evaluated at different time points and, in case of surgery, 1 month and 1 year postoperatively.

Results

One hundred ninety‐five eyes of 112 patients (78.6% female, 21.4% male; mean age 56.2 ± 14.3) were included. The median FTBUT was 6 sec. (Q1: 4/Q3: 8.75; range 1–20 s) (measured in 70 eyes of 36 patients), the median Schirmer Test II was 8 mm (Q1: 5/ Q3:15; range 1–35 mm). In 83 patients (74.1%) both eyes were involved. In 86 eyes of 64 patients (55.3%) superficial keratectomy was performed. Sphere and cylinder changed significantly 1 month and 1 year postoperative compared to the pre‐operative objective refraction, while there was no significant change between 1 month and 1 year postoperatively.

Conclusion

We found that PHSCO occurs mostly bilaterally in middle‐aged women and appears to be associated with decreased tear production and reduced tear film stability.
Editorial: chronic hepatitis C with metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease — a model for adoption of Sustainable Development Goal 3
Authors: Ayonrinde Oyekoya , Goodheart Richard
Published: December 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Attia et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17233
Fostamatinib for the treatment of Japanese patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia: A phase 3, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, parallel‐group study
Authors: Kuwana Masataka , Ito Tomoki , Kowata Shugo , Hatta Yoshihiro , Fujimaki Katsumichi , Naito Kensuke , Kurahashi Shingo , Kagoo Toshiya , Tanimoto Kazuki , Saotome So , Tomiyama Yoshiaki ,   R788‐1301 Investigators
Published: December 2022

Fostamatinib, a spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been approved for the treatment of chronic primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in the United States, Canada and some European countries. We conducted a phase 3, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, parallel‐group study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fostamatinib in Japanese patients with primary ITP. Thirty‐four patients were randomised to fostamatinib (n = 22) or placebo (n = 12) at 100–150 mg twice a day for 24 weeks. Stable responses (platelet ≥50 000/μl at ≥4 of the 6 visits from weeks 14 to 24) were observed in eight (36%) patients on fostamatinib and in none of the patients on placebo (p = 0.030). Overall responses (platelet ≥50 000/μl at ≥1 of the 6 visits from weeks 2 to 12) were seen in 10 (45%) patients on fostamatinib and in none of the patients on placebo (p = 0.006). Patients on fostamatinib required rescue medication less often and experienced fewer bleeding symptoms than patients on placebo. Adverse events observed were mild or moderate and were manageable. No new safety signals were identified in Japanese patients with ITP.
Challenges of measuring empathic accuracy: A mentalizing versus experience‐sharing paradigm
Authors: Turner Rose , Vallée‐Tourangeau Frédéric
Published: December 2022

Empathic accuracy, the ability to accurately infer the mental states of others, is essential to successful interpersonal relationships. Perceivers can interpret targets' emotional experiences by decoding facial and voice cues (mentalizing) or by using their own feelings as referents (experience‐sharing). We examined the relative efficacy of these processes via a replication and extension of Zhou et al. (Psychol Sci., 28, 2017, 482) who found experience‐sharing to be more successful but undervalued. Participants estimated targets' emotional ratings in response to positive, neutral and negative images in mentalizing or experience‐sharing conditions. Our analysis of absolute magnitudes of error showed similar levels of accuracy across process conditions (a non‐replication of Zhou et al.); however, our exploratory analysis of directional variation across valence using raw scores revealed a pattern of conservative estimates for affective stimuli, which was accentuated in the mentalizing condition. Thus, our exploratory analysis lends conceptual support to Zhou et al.'s finding that experience‐sharing represents the more successful process, and we replicated their finding that it was nevertheless undervalued. Extending Zhou et al., we also found that empathic accuracy was predicted by individual differences in fiction‐exposure. Future research may further examine the impact of individual differences and stimulus properties in the employment of empathic inferencing strategies.
Different functional alteration in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder across developmental age groups: A meta‐analysis and an independent validation of resting‐state functional connectivity studies
Authors: Liu Ningning , Liu Qianrong , Yang Ziqi , Xu Jie , Fu Guanghui , Zhou Yi , Li Haimei , Wang Yufeng , Liu Lu , Qian Qiujin
Published: December 2022

Background

Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly complex and heterogeneous disorder. Abnormal brain connectivity in ADHD might be influenced by developmental ages which might lead to the lacking of significant spatial convergence across studies. However, the developmental patterns and mechanisms of ADHD brain connectivity remain to be fully uncovered.

Methods

In the present study, we searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase for seed‐based whole‐brain resting‐state functional connectivity studies of ADHD published through October 12th, 2020. The seeds meeting inclusion criteria were categorized into the cortex group and subcortex group, as previous studies suggested that the cortex and subcortex have different temporal patterns of development. Activation likelihood estimation meta‐analysis was performed to investigate the abnormal connectivity in different age groups (all‐age group, younger: <12 years, older: ≥12 years). Moreover, significant convergence of reported foci was used as seeds for validation with our independent dataset.

Results

As with previous studies, scarce results were found in the all‐age group. However, we found that the younger group consistently exhibited hyper‐connectivity between different parts of the cortex and left middle frontal gyrus, and hypo‐connectivity between different parts of the cortex and left putamen/pallidus/amygdala. Whereas, the older group (mainly for adults) showed hyper‐connectivity between the cortex and right precuneus/sub‐gyral/cingulate gyrus. Besides, the abnormal cortico‐cortical and cortico‐subcortical functional connectivity in children, and the abnormal cortico‐cortical functional connectivity in adults were verified in our independent dataset.

Conclusion

Our study emphasizes the importance of developmental age effects on the study of brain networks in ADHD. Further, we proposed that cortico‐cortical and cortico‐subcortical connectivity might play an important role in the pathophysiology of children with ADHD, while abnormal cortico‐cortical connections were more important for adults with ADHD. This work provided a potential new insight to understand the neurodevelopmental mechanisms and possible clinical application of ADHD.
Evaluation of postcontrast images of intracranial tumors at 7T and 3T MRI: An intra‐individual comparison study
Authors: Cheng Kun , Duan Qi , Hu Jianxing , Li Chenxi , Ma Xiaoxiao , Bian Xiangbing , Duan Caohui , Xiong Yongqin , Lin Jiaji , Lu Haoxuan , Deng Linlin , Li Ze , Wei Mengting , Lyu Jinhao , Chen Ling , Lou Xin
Published: December 2022

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of ultrahigh‐field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for brain tumors in clinical practice.

Methods

Thirty patients with brain tumors underwent 7‐ and 3‐T MRI. The performance and diagnostic confidence of 7‐ and 3‐T MRI in the visualization of tumor details such as internal structure and feeding artery were evaluated by radiologists. Contrast‐enhanced region performance and tumor detail diagnostic confidence score (DCS) were calculated and compared between 7 and 3T using Wilcoxon rank sum test.

Results

In 19 with obvious enhancement and 11 cases without obvious enhancement, 7‐ and 3‐T MRI showed similar performance. The tumors' internal structure and feeding artery were more clearly depicted by 7‐T MRI (62.2% and 54.4%, respectively) than by 3‐T MRI (2.2% and 6.7%, respectively). Furthermore, the mean DCSs of both internal structure and feeding artery were higher at 7T than at 3T (internal structure: 16.29 ± 9.67 vs. −5.79 ± 4.12, p = 0.028; feeding artery: 21.96 ± 6.93 vs. 4.46 ± 7.07, p = 0.028). The DCS was more significantly improved in the senior radiologist group.

Conclusion

Better visualization of brain tumor details and higher tumor detail diagnostic confidence can be obtained with 7‐T MRI.
Effect of molecular hydrogen treatment on Sepsis‐Associated encephalopathy in mice based on gut microbiota
Authors: Han Qingqing , Bai Yuanyuan , Zhou Chunjing , Dong Beibei , Li Yingning , Luo Ning , Chen Hongguang , Yu Yonghao
Published: December 2022

Introduction

In our experiments, male wild‐type mice were randomly divided into four groups: the sham, SAE, SAE + 2% hydrogen gas inhalation (H2), and SAE + hydrogen‐rich water (HW) groups. The feces of the mice were collected for 16 S rDNA analysis 24 h after the models were established, and the serum and brain tissue of the mice were collected for nontargeted metabolomics analysis.

Aim

Destruction of the intestinal microbiota is a risk factor for sepsis and subsequent organ dysfunction, and up to 70% of severely ill patients with sepsis exhibit varying degrees of sepsis‐associated encephalopathy (SAE). The pathogenesis of SAE remains unclear. We aimed to explore the changes in gut microbiota in SAE and the regulatory mechanism of molecular hydrogen.

Results

Molecular hydrogen treatment significantly improved the functional outcome of SAE and downregulated inflammatory reactions in both the brain and the gut. In addition, molecular hydrogen treatment improved gut microbiota dysbiosis and partially amended metabolic disorder after SAE.

Conclusions

Molecular hydrogen treatment promotes functional outcomes after SAE in mice, which may be attributable to increasing beneficial bacteria, repressing harmful bacteria, and metabolic disorder, and reducing inflammation.
Gut microbial signatures and differences in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia of emerging adulthood
Authors: Chen Yi‐huan , Zhou Cui‐hong , Yu Huan , Wu Wen‐jun , Wang Ying‐wei , Liu Ling , Hu Guang‐tao , Li Bao‐juan , Peng Zheng‐wu , Wang Hua‐ning
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Gut microbial disturbance has been established as potential pathogenesis of mental disorders. However, the signatures and differences regarding patients with schizophrenia (SCH) or bipolar disorder (BD) in emerging adulthood as well as their subtypes have been poorly addressed.

Methods

In the present study, stool samples obtained from 63 emerging adult patients with schizophrenia (SCH), 50 with bipolar disorder (BD), and 40 healthy controls (HC) were analyzed by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing; psychiatric symptoms and psychological, social, and professional functioning were also assessed.

Results

We found that gut microbiota composition was remarkably changed in the patients with SCH and BD. Moreover, the distinct gut microbiome signatures and their potential function in bipolar depression (BP‐D) and SCH with predominantly negative symptoms (SCH‐N) as well as bipolar mania (BP‐M) and SCH with predominantly positive symptoms (SCH‐P) were also observed. Furthermore, we identified diagnostic potential biomarkers that can distinguish BD from HC (38 genera, AUC = 0.961), SCH from HC (32 genera, AUC = 0.962), and BD from Scheme (13 genera, AUC = 0.823). Potential diagnostic biomarkers that can distinguish BD‐D from SCH‐N (16 genera, AUC = 0.969) and BD‐M from SCH‐P (31 genera, AUC = 0.938) were also identified.

Conclusion

This study provides further understanding of abnormal gut microbiome in emerging adulthood patients with SCH and BD and lay the potential foundation for the development of microbe‐based clinical diagnosis for BD and SCH.