bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shock-driven periodic variability in a low-mass-ratio supermassive black hole binary
Authors: Whitley K , Kuznetsova A , Gültekin K , Ruszkowski M
Published: November 2023

We investigate the time-varying electromagnetic emission of a low-mass-ratio supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) embedded in a circumprimary disc, with a particular interest in variability of shocks driven by the binary. We perform a 2D, locally isothermal hydrodynamics simulation of an SMBHB with mass ratio q = 0.01 and separation a = 100 Rg, using a physically self-consistent steady disc model. We estimate the electromagnetic variability from the system by monitoring accretion on to the secondary and using an artificial viscosity scheme to capture shocks and monitor the energy dissipated. The SMBHB produces a wide, eccentric gap in the disc, previously only observed for larger mass ratios, which we attribute to our disc model being much thinner (H/R ≈ 0.01 near the secondary) than is typical of previous works. The eccentric gap drives periodic accretion on to the secondary SMBH on a time-scale matching the orbital period of the binary, $t_{\rm {bin}}\approx 0.1\,\,\rm {yr}$, implying that the variable accretion regime of the SMBHB parameter space extends to lower mass ratios than previously established. Shocks driven by the binary are periodic, with a period matching the orbital period, and the shocks are correlated with the accretion rate, with peaks in the shock luminosity lagging peaks in the accretion rate by 0.43 tbin. We propose that the correlation of these quantities represents a useful identifier of SMBHB candidates, via observations of correlated variability in X-ray and ultraviolet monitoring of active galactic nuclei, rather than single-waveband periodicity alone.
Deleterious and Adaptive Mutations in Plant Germplasm Conserved Ex Situ
Authors: Fu Yong-Bi , Peterson Gregory W , Horbach Carolee
Published: November 2023

Conserving more than 7 million plant germplasm accessions in 1,750 genebanks worldwide raises the hope of securing the food supply for humanity for future generations. However, there is a genetic cost for such long-term germplasm conservation, which has been largely unaccounted for before. We investigated the extent and variation of deleterious and adaptive mutations in 490 individual plants representing barley, wheat, oat, soybean, maize, rapa, and sunflower collections in a seed genebank using RNA-Seq technology. These collections were found to have a range of deleterious mutations detected from 125 (maize) to 83,695 (oat) with a mean of 13,537 and of the averaged sample-wise mutation burden per deleterious locus from 0.069 to 0.357 with a mean of 0.200. Soybean and sunflower collections showed that accessions acquired earlier had increased mutation burdens. The germplasm with more years of storage in several collections carried more deleterious and fewer adaptive mutations. The samples with more cycles of germplasm regeneration revealed fewer deleterious and more adaptive mutations. These findings are significant for understanding mutational dynamics and genetic cost in conserved germplasm and have implications for long-term germplasm management and conservation.
Genetic variations in G-quadruplex forming sequences affect the transcription of human disease-related genes
Authors: Lorenzatti Agustín , Piga Ernesto J , Gismondi Mauro , Binolfi Andrés , Margarit Ezequiel , Calcaterra Nora B , Armas Pablo
Published: November 2023

Guanine-rich DNA strands can fold into non-canonical four-stranded secondary structures named G-quadruplexes (G4s). G4s folded in proximal promoter regions (PPR) are associated either with positive or negative transcriptional regulation. Given that single nucleotide variants (SNVs) affecting G4 folding (G4-Vars) may alter gene transcription, and that SNVs are associated with the human diseases’ onset, we undertook a novel comprehensive study of the G4-Vars genome-wide (G4-variome) to find disease-associated G4-Vars located into PPRs. We developed a bioinformatics strategy to find disease-related SNVs located into PPRs simultaneously overlapping with putative G4-forming sequences (PQSs). We studied five G4-Vars disturbing in vitro the folding and stability of the G4s located into PPRs, which had been formerly associated with sporadic Alzheimer's disease (GRIN2B), a severe familiar coagulopathy (F7), atopic dermatitis (CSF2), myocardial infarction (SIRT1) and deafness (LHFPL5). Results obtained in cultured cells for these five G4-Vars suggest that the changes in the G4s affect the transcription, potentially contributing to the development of the mentioned diseases. Collectively, data reinforce the general idea that G4-Vars may impact on the different susceptibilities to human genetic diseases’ onset, and could be novel targets for diagnosis and drug design in precision medicine.
jMorp: Japanese Multi-Omics Reference Panel update report 2023
Authors: Tadaka Shu , Kawashima Junko , Hishinuma Eiji , Saito Sakae , Okamura Yasunobu , Otsuki Akihito , Kojima Kaname , Komaki Shohei , Aoki Yuichi , Kanno Takanari , Saigusa Daisuke , Inoue Jin , Shirota Matsuyuki , Takayama Jun , Katsuoka Fumiki , Shimizu Atsushi , Tamiya Gen , Shimizu Ritsuko , Hiratsuka Masahiro , Motoike Ikuko N , Koshiba Seizo , Sasaki Makoto , Yamamoto Masayuki , Kinoshita Kengo
Published: November 2023

Modern medicine is increasingly focused on personalized medicine, and multi-omics data is crucial in understanding biological phenomena and disease mechanisms. Each ethnic group has its unique genetic background with specific genomic variations influencing disease risk and drug response. Therefore, multi-omics data from specific ethnic populations are essential for the effective implementation of personalized medicine. Various prospective cohort studies, such as the UK Biobank, All of Us and Lifelines, have been conducted worldwide. The Tohoku Medical Megabank project was initiated after the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011. It collects biological specimens and conducts genome and omics analyses to build a basis for personalized medicine. Summary statistical data from these analyses are available in the jMorp web database (https://jmorp.megabank.tohoku.ac.jp), which provides a multidimensional approach to the diversity of the Japanese population. jMorp was launched in 2015 as a public database for plasma metabolome and proteome analyses and has been continuously updated. The current update will significantly expand the scale of the data (metabolome, genome, transcriptome, and metagenome). In addition, the user interface and backend server implementations were rewritten to improve the connectivity between the items stored in jMorp. This paper provides an overview of the new version of the jMorp.
The P10K database: a data portal for the protist 10 000 genomes project
Authors: Gao Xinxin , Chen Kai , Xiong Jie , Zou Dong , Yang Fangdian , Ma Yingke , Jiang Chuanqi , Gao Xiaoxuan , Wang Guangying , Gu Siyu , Zhang Peng , Luo Shuai , Huang Kaiyao , Bao Yiming , Zhang Zhang , Ma Lina , Miao Wei
Published: November 2023

Protists, a highly diverse group of microscopic eukaryotic organisms distinct from fungi, animals and plants, exert crucial roles within the earth's biosphere. However, the genomes of only a small fraction of known protist species have been published and made publicly accessible. To address this constraint, the Protist 10 000 Genomes Project (P10K) was initiated, implementing a specialized pipeline for single-cell genome/transcriptome assembly, decontamination and annotation of protists. The resultant P10K database (https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/p10k/) serves as a comprehensive platform, collating and disseminating genome sequences and annotations from diverse protist groups. Currently, the P10K database has incorporated 2959 genomes and transcriptomes, including 1101 newly sequenced datasets by P10K and 1858 publicly available datasets. Notably, it covers 45% of the protist orders, with a significant representation (53% coverage) of ciliates, featuring nearly a thousand genomes/transcriptomes. Intriguingly, analysis of the unique codon table usage among ciliates has revealed differences compared to the NCBI taxonomy system, suggesting a need to revise the codon tables used for these species. Collectively, the P10K database serves as a valuable repository of genetic resources for protist research and aims to expand its collection by incorporating more sequenced data and advanced analysis tools to benefit protist studies worldwide.
Clathrate metal superhydrides under high-pressure conditions: enroute to room-temperature superconductivity
Authors: Sun Ying , Zhong Xin , Liu Hanyu , Ma Yanming
Published: November 2023

Room-temperature superconductivity has been a long-held dream of mankind and a focus of considerable interest in the research field of superconductivity. Significant progress has recently been achieved in hydrogen-based superconductors found in superhydrides (hydrides with unexpectedly high hydrogen contents) that are stabilized under high-pressure conditions and are not capturable at ambient conditions. Of particular interest is the discovery of a class of best-ever-known superconductors in clathrate metal superhydrides that hold the record for high superconductivity (e.g. Tc = 250–260 K for LaH10) among known superconductors and have great promise to be those that realize the long-sought room-temperature superconductivity. In these peculiar clathrate superhydrides, hydrogen forms unusual ‘clathrate’ cages containing encaged metal atoms, of which such a kind was first reported in a calcium hexa-superhydride (CaH6) showing a measured high Tc of 215 K under a pressure of 170 GPa. In this review, we aim to offer an overview of the current status of research progress on the clathrate metal superhydride superconductors, discuss the superconducting mechanism and highlight the key features (e.g. structure motifs, bonding features, electronic structure, etc.) that govern the high-temperature superconductivity. Future research direction along this line to find room-temperature superconductors will be discussed.
The Interpretation of the Psalter
Authors: Gillingham S E
Published: November 2023

It goes without saying that the Hebrew text during this millennium must have undergone a process of change. One has only to compare duplicate psalms such as 14 and 53; 40:12-16 and 70; 108 and 57:7-11 along with 60:5-12; and Ps. 18 and 2 Sam. 22, to find evidence of a number of variations which existed even in the same Hebrew texts.
Psychosocial aspects of palliative care, and why they matter
Authors: Faull Christina , Woof Richard
Published: November 2023

Medicine is about both understanding illness and understanding people. Each aspect is vitally important if we want to be good doctors. However, our training concentrates on the necessity of mastering the complexity of disease and the array of technical skills we can utilize; this is also what we tend co get taught and examined on. What is more, we soon find that this is what can amaze and amuse our friends (see Recognizing a Graham Steele murmur on the patient in bed 12 and getting your patienr to tell you what was really terrifying him or her are both highly skilled jobs you could. do.. But which sounds the more impressive, and· why? Think point). However, this emphasis makes it harder to always see the value in considering the wider context of the disease experience for our patients.
Decisions around the end of life
Authors: Faull Christina , Woof Richard
Published: November 2023

There is nothing more certain than all our patients, all of us, will die one day, but unfortunately even for patients with advanced progressive illness the circumstances of death happen most often by default rather than by design. Doctors don’t always recognize or acknowledge when a patient is nearing the end of his or her life. We may focus on the immediate problems caused by the illness and its threat to life. ‘The treatment of a pulmonary embolus is .. .’. We may consider the need co relieve the distress caused by the physical symptoms, Tll give Mr Smith some diclofenac for the hip pain from his prostate cancer’. But how often do we take an overview of the whole situation; assess what has happened over the past weeks and months; find out what life has been like for the patient and their family; find out their views on how this illness episode should be managed? (See also Chapter 3.)
Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy
Authors: Saito Kayoko , Kobayashi Makio
Published: November 2023

The first report on 15 cases of Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD) was published in 1960 entitled ‘A peculiar form of congenital progressive muscular dystrophy’ by Fukuyama et al. (1960). The majority of such patients reported at that time had been treated at other institutions under an incorrect diagnosis of cerebral palsy or multiple neurological handicaps. Fukuyama et al. explored a different diagnosis on the basis of the following: there was no sign of spasticity or increased muscle tone; deep tendon reflexes were absent or reduced; and, muscle resistance against passive movement was always reduced. The patients were submitted for electromyography, muscle biopsy with histochemical staining and analysis of serum creatine kinase (CK) activities, a method developed only in the late 1950s. From this, Fukuyama et al. (1960) clearly demonstrated that the skeletal muscle of these patients showed progressive muscular dystrophy.
The limb-girdle muscular dystrophies
Authors: Bushby Katharine M D
Published: November 2023

This lack of precision caused controversy which is reflected in the papers published throughout this period. The variability in descriptions of some large families with what could be described as a limb-girdle muscular dystrophy phenotype served to underline the ‘broad church’ that this represented and some authors proposed the adoption of the term ‘limb-girdle syndrome’ in recognition of this (Passos-Bueno et al. 1991). In the meantime, other authors proposed that the condition did not exist at all but that alternative diagnoses should be sought in every case in whom it was considered. These authors advocated that the term limb-girdle muscular dystrophy should be dropped altogether (Walton and Gardner-Medwin 1988; 1991). A further view came from those who preferred a more “pure” designation of LGMD to be applied to a much more clearly defined group of patients (Fardeau et al. 1996).
Mathematics for the Curious
Authors: Higgins Peter M
Published: November 2023

When do the hands of a clock coincide? How likely is it that two children in the same class will share a birthday? Should you play Roulette or the Lottery? How do we calculate the volume of a doughnut? Why does the android Data in Star Trek lose at poker? What is Fibonacci’s Rabbit Problem? Many things in the world have a mathematical side to them, as revealed by the puzzles and questions in this book. It is written for anyone who is curious about mathematics and would like a simple and entertaining account of what it can do. Peter Higgins provides clear explanations of the more mysterious features of childhood mathematics as well as novelties and connections to prove that mathematics can be enjoyable and full of surprises.
Numbers
Authors: Higgins Peter M
Published: November 2023

Numbers hold some kind of fascination for most people. They have been studied extensively for centuries and still there are simple questions about ordinary numbers to which no one knows the answers. Some of these problems are crucial to whole branches of mathematics while others appear to be mere curiosities of no consequence. I will introduce a sample of these questions later in the chapter.
The Golden Ratio
Authors: Higgins Peter M
Published: November 2023

It is standard when studying expansions of this kind to restrict attention to continued fractions in which all numerators equal 1. None the less, expansions that allow for other numerators have been investigated. Here, however, we shall confine ourselves to the normal type.
Official and Habitual Language: The Case for Criticism
Authors: Fowler Roger
Published: November 2023

Linguistic codes do not reflect reality neutrally; they interpret, organize, and classify the subjects of discourse. They embody theories of how the world is arranged: world-views or ideologies. For the individual, these theories are useful and reassuring, making his or her relationship with the world simple and manageable.
Music at Oxford in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
Authors: Wollenberg Susan
Published: November 2023

This book is the first survey of its kind and distils a wide range of documentary and musical evidence relating to a particularly rich period in the history of the city of Oxford, embracing both 'town and gown'. The author, a Lecturer in Music in the university, discusses in detail, among other aspects, concert life in Oxford during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, when notable visitors to the city included Handel, Haydn, Liszt, and Joachim; the choral tradition; and developments in the university that led to the eventual establishment of an honour school of music. A brief outline of musical activity in Oxford before c.1660 and after c.1914 is also provided. In addition, the author examines the achievements of a number of individual musical personalities, drawing particular attention to the role of William Crotch, Frederick Ouseley, and Hubert Parry in raising the status of music and the music profession. The book makes an important contribution to a number of spheres of enquiry that have developed significantly in recent years: the history of universities, social history of music, and the study of concert life.
The Colleges, II
Authors: Wollenberg Susan
Published: November 2023

In the early nineteenth century, music could be woven in many ways into the daily lives of the college residents, as Egerton’s diary shows with reference to New College: [1826: 26 March, Sunday chapel]: Bennett is an admirable organist & has improved the Choristers wonderfully. [29 March]: … Dined in Hall-at seven went to … a Practising Fiddling Party. Young Reinagle led: a very clever Fellow. He plays the Violin & Violoncello capitally.
Epilogue: The Tradition after c.I9I4
Authors: Wollenberg Susan
Published: November 2023

In the years of the First World War, ‘the role of music was intensified (though its practitioners were diminished in number)’; one commentator in the local press in Oxford observed that ‘among the by products of war time must be reckoned the impulse it lends to art, literature and music’.’ Another comment to the effect that ‘the exigencies of war time’ had ‘deprived … the present generation’ of the experience of large choral performances alluded to the Oxford Bach Choir as an exception. ‘The particular occasion was 25 February 1915, at the Sheldonian Theatre, when Hugh Allen conducted a concert “in memory of those who have fallen in the war”.’ Included in the programme was Parry’s The Glories of our Blood and State (originally composed in 1883).
Subject to Change
Authors: Boyle Deirdre
Published: November 2023

The summer of 1969 was extraordinarily eventful. In July American astronauts were the first men to walk on the moon, and video pioneers watched the fuzzy black-and-white video of the lunar landing, finding exciting confirmation of Buckminster Fuller’s theory that we are evolving through our technology. Michael Shamberg, who watched the broadcasts along with millions around the globe, experienced a great epiphany.
Gaga Over Guru
Authors: Boyle Deirdre
Published: November 2023

TVTV effectively abandoned all claims of being an alternate video group when they decided to re-edit the convention tapes for broadcast on Westinghouse television stations. As Allen Rucker later recalled, “We broke the sacred rule: our friend Paul Ryan’s dictum that VT (videotape) is not TV, that alternative TV does not truck with broadcast.” TVTV knew that many in the alternative video movement believed the group had sold out, but TVTV had learned the hard way that cable television was not interested in funding original programming.
Prime Time TVTV
Authors: Boyle Deirdre
Published: November 2023

Soon after the Presidential Nominating Conventions, Allen Rucker of TVTV and Alvin Duskin, a millionaire clothing manufacturer turned political and media activist, began work on a tape about the people behind television commercials. The idea was in keeping with TVTV’s interest in exposing the inner workings of the television industry. Duskin’s San Francisco group, Public Interest Communications, was involved in counteradvertising and was to have produced the program with TVTV. But when Public Interest Communications proved unwilling to provide full funding for the tape, TVTV severed their ties and decided to produce it themselves.
Changing Channels
Authors: Boyle Deirdre
Published: November 2023

Although some felt “Communitube” would have been a better title for University Community Video’s biweekly series, it was “Changing Channels” that premiered Wednesday, October 9, 1974. Getting Minneapolis’ PBS affiliate KTCA to accept the idea of a regular series took long hours of negotiations, partly because of technical obstacles and partly because the programs would not have the sophisticated look of broadcast television. A compromise was struck when UCV agreed to comply with the FCC requirements for color burst, borrowing the strategy TVTV had used with Lord of the Universe by inserting color graphics throughout their black-and-white program.
lntermedia
Authors: Boyle Deirdre
Published: November 2023

After years of calling themselves an alternative video magazine, the producers of “Changing Channels” began to suffer from a peculiar form of anxiety that comes from not knowing what you are, only what you are not. According to Stephen Kulczycki, it had worked only as long as they were immersed in the culture that had formed them. But in the late ’70s, baby boomers who grew up wanting to believe they were something more complex than the 7-Up Generation discovered they were buying a hell of a lot of 7-Up. One day they woke up thinking, “Dammit, I deserve more than three or four minutes a show. I’m not going to do all this work for just a four-minute piece. I could make a ten-minute or a twenty-minute or a two-hour piece.”
On the Use of Variables
Authors: Tarski Alfred
Published: November 2023

Every scientific theory is a system of sentences which are accepted as true and which may be called LAWS or ASSERTED STATEMENTS (sometimes one says, for short, simply STATEMENTS). In mathematics these statements follow one another in a definite order, and in accordance with certain principles which will be discussed in detail in Chapter VI; in view of these principles, the statements are generally accompanied by arguments whose purpose is to demonstrate their truth. Arguments of this kind are referred to as PROOFS, and the statements established by them are called THEO¬REMS.
On the Deductive Method
Authors: Tarski Alfred
Published: November 2023

We shall now attempt to give an exposition of the fundamental principles and methods that should be applied in the construction of logical and of mathematical theories.1 The detailed analysis and the critical evaluation of these principles are the tasks of a special discipline, called the METHODOLOGY OF DEDUCTIVE SCIENCES, or, the METHODOLOGY OF MATHEMATICS. Now, a familiarity with the methods which are employed in the construction of a certain science is undoubtedly essential to anyone who is involved in its study or advancement; and we shall see that, in the case of mathematics, having a firm understanding of those methods is of particularly far-reaching significance, for otherwise it is impossible to discern the nature of this subject. The principles with which we shall become acquainted serve the purpose of assuring for mathematics (as well as for logic) the highest possible degree of clarity and certainty. From this point of view a method or a procedure might be considered ideal, if it allowed us to explain the meaning of every expression occurring in this science and to justify each of its assertions.
Construction of a Mathematical Theory: Laws of Addition and Subtraction
Authors: Tarski Alfred
Published: November 2023

For the moment let us concentrate on the first four sentences of this second group, that is, on Axioms 6-9. They ascribe to the operation of addition a number of simple properties, which are also frequently encountered in connection with other operations in various branches of logic and mathematics.
Methodological Considerations on the Constructed Theory
Authors: Tarski Alfred
Published: November 2023

In the two preceding chapters we sketched the foundations of an elementary mathematical theory, which constitutes a fragment of arithmetic. In the present chapter we shall continue with a methodological discussion, and we shall be concerned at first with the system of axioms and primitive terms upon which that theory is based. We begin with concrete examples which illustrate the considerations of Section 39; these examples relate to such problems as arbitrariness in the selection of axioms and primitive terms, the possibility of omitting superfluous axioms, and so on.
Historical Setting and Genre
Authors: Thompson Leonard L
Published: November 2023

In part 3 I shall discuss in detail aspects of the local situation in and to which John writes the Book of Revelation. Here we need only some basic orientation to the origins of the book so that it will not appear as a floating specter from the past. As a way of beginning to orient to the book, I shall consider briefly those hoary questions—Where? When? Who? In what situation? The writer of the Book of Revelation identifies precisely where both he and his audience reside. He writes from the small island of Patmos, one of the Sporades Islands in the Aegean Sea about thirty-seven miles south and west of Miletus, on the western coast of Asia Minor (roughly, present-day Turkey). He writes to churches in seven major cities in Asia, a Roman province situated along the western coast of Asia Minor. Asia Minor, specifically the western part of Asia Minor where John and his audience were located, was one of the most significant geographical areas in the development of early Christianity. In the fifties of the first century the apostle Paul carried on missionary work in this area (see 1 Cor. 16:19). Letters and tracts such as Ephesians, Colossians, Philemon, and the Pastoral Epistles indicate the continued influence of Paul in this geographical area. The author of 1 Peter writes to the churches of Asia and other provinces in Asia Minor. New Testament writings associated with John — the Gospel and the three letters as well as the Book of Revelation — also, according to tradition, originated in Asia at the city of Ephesus. At the beginning of the second century Ignatius of Antioch writes letters to five churches in Asia as he travels to die in Rome. Through these writings we know of Christian groups in at least eleven cities of the Asian province by the beginning of the second century ce. Moreover, these churches are associated with major apostolic figures such as Paul, Peter, and John.
Jews in the Province of Asia
Authors: Thompson Leonard L
Published: November 2023

The earliest Christians in the cities of Asia were probably converts from Anatolian Judaism. Among all the cities in the province of Asia—somewhere between three hundred and five hundred in number—indicators of a Christian presence are found for the most part where there were also Jews. Those cities are also, for the most part, major cities of the province, for example, Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, and Sardis. Thus, both Jews and Christians in the late first and early second centuries lived in major metropolitan areas. As we have seen, evidence from early Christian literature—Paul’s letters, Acts of the Apostles, the Book of Revelation, Ignatius—suggests that the links between Christianity and Judaism were close and that converted Jews made up a significant portion of Christians in the cities of Asia. Jews who converted to Christianity continued in their same occupation; their same social, economic status; and their same relationship to the cities in which they lived and worked. For that reason an inquiry into Judaism will indirectly provide information about social characteristics of some Christians and about the social context of Christianity. This inquiry will focus first on Domitian’s attitudes towards Jews and Christians, then upon the social location of Jews in the cities of western Asia Minor, primarily in the cities of the province of Asia. As in the review of Christians in Asia, special attention will be given to the seven cities referred to in the Book of Revelation.
Constitutions in Crisis
Authors: Finn John E
Published: November 2023

This timely book examines the ways in which western democracies have attempted to contain domestic political terrorism. It is the first broadly comparative analysis of anti-terrorist laws, focusing on the preventative measures enacted by constitutional governments in Britain and Germany to deter terrorist acts.
Constitutional Dissolution in the Weimar Republic
Authors: Finn John E
Published: November 2023

The Weimar Republic, like Northern Ireland, was born in crisis. “At the close of the World War,” wrote Frederick Watkins, “conditions [in Weimar] were not far removed from anarchy.”1 Both states were created in the immediate after­ math of World War I, and both faced an uncertain future. fa its first two years of existence, for example, political violence in Northern Ireland was wide­ spread. The same was true in Weimar: Between 1919 and 1922, the first years of the new republic, there were at least 376 political murders and several at­ tempted coups.2 And when social and political unrest presented a serious challenge to the physical integrity of both regimes, both responded with military force and protective emergency legislation.
Conclusion
Authors: Finn John E
Published: November 2023

Nathaniel Ward, writing in The Simple Cobbler of Aggawam, advised his puritan congregation to practice “toleration in things tolerable,” but warned also that “he [who] is willing to tolerate any unsound Opinion, that his own may also be tolerated, though never so sound, will for a need hang God’s Bible at the Devil’s girdle.”1 Ward’s counsel illustrates the difficult and sensitive political judgments involved in the defense of constitutional democracy: Of what must we be tolerant, and what is there that must we not tolerate, of others and of ourselves, in that effort? I have tried to answer this question by exploring the limits of the first assumption (or hope?) upon which any conception of constitutional maintenance must ultimately rest, that “reflection and choice,” and not passion or will, can be the basis of political community.2 Widespread political violence challenges this presupposition.
“Patronesse of the Muses”
Authors: Hannay Margaret P
Published: November 2023

Twentieth-century readers assume that Mary Sidney and the middle-aged Pembroke were mismatched, but the marriage worked: pleased with this brilliant young woman who had borne him two sons, he encouraged her literary activities. For such writers as Abraham Fraunce, the pattern of patronage was clear: writers attracted Mary Sidney’s attention by praising her and her brother Philip, and, very shortly, Pembroke found them suitable positions. This patronage was an extension of the noble household maintained by Pembroke on a feudal scale.
Introduction: Mysticism, Constructivism, and Forgetting
Authors: Forman Robert K C
Published: November 2023

From where-or Whom-does mysticism come? What causes it? What gives mysticism its peculiar but fascinating shape? Is mystical experience a source of reliable knowledge? Is mysticism the same around the world, or nearly so? Or does mysticism differ among various traditions, cultures, and ages? The twelve authors of this book are responding to the recent “received view” on such questions, which may collectively be called “constructivism,” the view that mystical experience is significantly shaped and formed by the subject’s beliefs, concepts, and expectations.
Mysticism and Its Contexts
Authors: Almond Philip C
Published: November 2023

In 1983 Steven Katz thusly characterized the methodological dilemma which has come to dominate discussion of mysticism and mystical experience since the publication of his edited collection entitled Mystical Experience and Philosophical Analysis in 1978. My overall aim in this essay is to demonstrate that the philosophical analysis of mysticism is not compelled to adopt either of these apparently mutually exclusive positions and that it is possible, perhaps even necessary, to formulate a methodology which coherently steers between the Scylla of mystical essentialism, on the one hand, and the Charybdis of mystical relativism, on the other. In particular will argue that the recognition of the context- dependent nature of all mystical experience is neither incompatible with experiential novelty nor with the occurrence of what Ninian Smart labels the experience of consciousness-purity.
Are Pure Consciousness Events Unmediated?
Authors: Bernhardt Stephen
Published: November 2023

During the summer of 1986 Steven Bernhardt was killed in an automobile accident. The present paper was submitted and accepted at that time, although it was overlong and in a fairly rough form. In order to include it in the present collection, and to ensure that Bernhardt’s contribution did not go unacknowledged, I have substantially revised his paper. While clarifying and condensing, I have tried to remain as close to the spirit and letter of the original as possible. It is my fond hope that the author would approve of the paper as it now appears.-Ed. The experience of pure consciousness can be characterized as follows: The subject is awake, conscious, but without an object or content of consciousness-no thoughts, emotions, sensations, or awareness of any external phenomena.
Does the Philosophy of Mysticism Rest on a Mistake?
Authors: Perovich Anthony N
Published: November 2023

Although Immanuel Kant was unremittingly hostile in his attitude toward the claims of mystics to have experience of the divine already in this life, a great many philosphers of mysticism have subsequently been attracted to the epistemological scheme of the Critical Philosophy, at least in its general outlines. Kant denied the possibility of genuine mystical experience (as opposed to merely mislabeled feelings of illumination) because such experience would require the possession in our present state of cognitive faculties for which no provision was, or seemingly could be, made in his epistemology. Yet numerous philosophers who wittingly or unwittingly have taken their lead from him have assumed that his general approach marks the most natural starting point for the analysis of all sorts of experience, including all those types typically referred to as mystical.
Experience and Interpretation in Mysticism
Authors: Franklin R L
Published: November 2023

Many among an earlier generation of scholars saw in mysticism a distinctive type of experience-a pure or contentless awareness of ultimate reality-which was often made the basis for a “perennial philosophy.’’1 More recently many have distinguished several different types of mystical experience, each tending to recur across different traditions. More recently still has arisen a tendency, which I will call the “diversity view,” so to emphasize the differences as to deny any common experience and hence any perennial philosophy. The diversity view stems from an awareness, growing in many fields of thought, of how deeply our experience is mediated (i.e., organized and influenced) by our whole belief system.
The Hymn and Ode
Authors: Curran Stuart
Published: November 2023

Sonnets by the logic of their form inhabit a world that in conceptual, intellectual, and emotional terms is a polarity. A necessary discontinuity intervenes between the speaking voice and the external object it desires to assimilate, creating tensions between here and there, now and then, self and other, and magnifying their consequences.
The Pastoral
Authors: Curran Stuart
Published: November 2023

Nothing better exemplifies the intractability of generic definition than pastoral. As literary currency, the term predates and traverses the boundaries of most nations of the Western world; and yet its value fluctuates from one culture to another, demanding continual adjustment to the local economy. And it goes without saying that in most cases the economy is an urban one where sheep may not safely graze. The one certainty is that the literary kind that celebrates simplicity is far from simple in either practice or critical taxonomy.
Bakhtin: Language as Hero in Early Written Language Development
Authors: Himley Margaret
Published: November 2023

I have been interested in how this powerful theory of language puts pressure on the premises we have traditionally worked from, often implicitly, in studying early written language development. I have also been convinced that Bakhtin complements (in complex and useful ways) Patricia Carini’s approach to understanding children as makers of works. For this chapter, I have focused my reading primarily on The Dialogic Imagination (1981), Speech Genres and Other Late Essays (1986), and Marxism and the Philosophy of Language (Volosinov/Bakhtin, 1986), along with Clark and Holquist’s background book entitled Mikhail Bakhtin (1984)--and I have read these key texts as a developmental language theorist might.
A Documentary Account of One Young Writer: Matthew Writing
Authors: Himley Margaret
Published: November 2023

This documentary account traces the child-culture dialogic encounter that takes place through language use, through the actual making of texts, for one child from first through fifth grade. It is an effort at doing research from the theoretical position argued for through this project: language as hero, text as shared territory, the child as maker of works, dialogic encounter or descriptive reading as method, and understanding as the goal.
The Role of Task Representation in Reading-to-Write
Authors: Flower Linda
Published: November 2023

Academic papers are typically written in the context of a rich rhetorical situation that includes not only the conventions of academic discourse, but the expectations of the instructor, the context of the course, and the terms of the assignment. These requirements can seem so self-evident we are surprised when once again twenty students in a class interpret the same “standard” college writing assignment in strikingly different ways. This chapter is about that act of interpretation. Task representation is an interpretive process that translates the rhetorical situation-as the writer reads it-into the act of composing. As such, it is the major bridge linking the public context of writing with the private process of an individual writer.
Translating Context into Action
Authors: Ackerman John
Published: November 2023

Writing is a social activity, and as teachers and researchers we knew that our students’ responses to a reading-to-write assignment were as much a function of larger social, economic, and cultural influences as of the immediate social context of a writing task in a university classroom. We knew that the reading and writing behavior we saw was strongly influenced (if determined is too strong a word) by these students’ twelve years of public schooling and eighteen years (or so) of living in a literate culture. They did not walk into our classes or into our assignment as blank slates (Berkenkotter, Huckin, & Ackerman, 1988; Heath, 1983).
The Four Elements
Authors: Almeida Hermione De
Published: November 2023

“Shed no tear,” urges the 1819 jingle for Charles Brown’s fairy tale, “The flower will bloom another year,” for “Young buds sleep in the root’s white core” (1-4 ). The prospect of endless natural renewal vindicated the metaphysicians’ belief in life’s infinity; it also supported the mechanists’ chemical experiments proving life’s finitude and imminent dissolution. The prospect was an old one, and it was faced with new urgency by the thinkers of Keats’s time.
Polarity and Coleridge
Authors: Almeida Hermione De
Published: November 2023

The concept of polarity, of a powerful but restrained force made manifest in the tension between opposites of all orders, subsumes John Hunter’s declarations on the performance of living blood. The life of the blood resisted the external chemical agencies of decomposition; it coagulated in a polarized healing response to the forces of injury; and it contracted in a final living response to the more intense stimulus of death. In much of the research preceding his culminative work on the vitality of blood, from his dissections of torpedoes, gymnotus eels, and other “electric” animals to his experiments on animals to discern their manner of producing heat, Hunter had found energy or living action manifest through the interplay of opposing principles.
Antidotes
Authors: Almeida Hermione De
Published: November 2023

She dwells with Beauty-Beauty that must die; And Joy, whose hand is ever at his lips Bidding adieu; and aching Pleasure nigh, Turning to poison while the bee-mouth sips. (21-24) True melancholy is the antidote to false melancholy; it is also an antidote to being “too happy in thine happiness,” as the poet of the “Ode to a Nightin-gale” discovers (6). It is an intensity to dull the ache of Pleasure or an intensity more acute than the ecstasy of Joy; it is a bitterness whose taste counters the cloying sweetness of Joy’s grape, or else a honey more sharp because its complex sweetness cuts the sickening simplicity of other honeys.
Glaucus’s Cloak
Authors: Almeida Hermione De
Published: November 2023

In the weft of Glaucus’s blue mantle, in Endymion, every ocean form, quick-sand, whirlpool, storm, calm, and deserted shore find emblem and appointed place. Likewise, every living shape “That skims, or dives, or sleeps, ‘twixt cape and cape” finds detail and correspondent pattern in the heavy warp of the cloak. These sea forms of gigantic whale or minute fish show their anatomy-to even “the very hardest gazer’s” eye of physiologist, artist, or naturalist-to be perfect.
Invisibility and Influence
Authors: Montgomery Kathryn C
Published: November 2023

That Certain Summer was a breakthrough for prime-time television. Written and produced by the team of Richard Levinson and William Link, the ABC TV movie featured Hal Holbrook as Doug Salter, a divorced father whose son comes to stay with him for the summer. The boy is shocked to learn that his father is homosexual and lives with a lover (played by Martin Sheen). For two hours, the characters in this penetrating drama struggle with the issues of honesty, personal choice, and acceptance. Though the child is ultimately unable to accept his fa-their’s lifestyle, the movie is a sympathetic portrayal of what it means to be gay.
The Conflict Erupts:Harry Ernerson Fosdick and the Presbyterian Church
Authors: Longfield Bradley J
Published: November 2023

On Sunday morning, 2 l May I 922, Harry Emerson Fosdick mounted the pulpit of the First Presbyterian Church in the City of New York to preach the most famous sermon of his career, “Shall the Fundamentalists Win?” Described by Fosdick as a “pica for good will,’’ the sermon fell like a bombshell on the Presbyterian Church and set in motion a ,-cries of explosions that would rock the church until well into the next decade. A liberal Baptist preaching by special arrangement in the Presbyterian Church. Fosdick had become increasingly dismayed by conservative intolerance of liberal Christians. Since the close of the war, liberals and conservatives had been spacing on such issues as biblical authority, evolution, and foreign missions. ln response to the escalating militancy of the fundamentalists, Fosdick launched a counteroffensive and thereby precipitated the Presbyterian controversy.·’
William Jennings Bryan and the 1923 General Assembly
Authors: Longfield Bradley J
Published: November 2023

In 1923 William Jennings Bryan stood unchallenged m, “the most widely influential layman in the church.” Three presidential campaigns, two years as secretary of state, a nationally syndicated newspaper column, and over twenty-five years on the Chautauqua lecture circuit ensured his fame. Though religion and politics were never far removed in Bryan’s mind, religious issues, especially the threat of Darwinism to Christianity and Christian civilization, had come to dominate Bryan’s agenda after the war.·’ In 1921 Bryan described the danger: “I believe that the Darwinian doctrine leads people into agnosticism and panther ism, plunged the world into the worst of wars, and is dividing society into classes that fight each other on a brute basis. It is time that the Christian church should understand what is going on and array itself against these enemies of the church, Christianity, and civilization.” In direct contradiction to the law of love proclaimed by Christianity, Dar winds taught a materialist doctrine of “survival of the fittest.” An invitation from Union Theological Seminary in Virginia to deliver the James Sprints Lectures in October 1921 gave Bryan the opportunity to expand, organize, and further publicize his thoughts. The lectures, published under the title In His Image, provided the most comprehensive statement of the faith and ideas that motivated Bryan’s last great crusade:’
Henry Sloane Coffin and the Auburn Affirmation
Authors: Longfield Bradley J
Published: November 2023

Liberal theology had been gaining strength within American Protestantism in general and the Presbyterian Church in particular since the late nineteenth century. Though the Presbyterian Church had unequal vocally rejected the tenets of modernism in the Portland Deliverance of 1892 and in the doctrinal declarations of 1910 and 1916, some presbyteries, most notably that of New York City, had continued to ordain men who accepted the higher critical method and the assumptions of liberalism. That eighty-five commissioners would publicly protest the assembly’s endorsement of the five fundamentals was a mark of how adamant many were in defending the rights of modernists within the church.
Stone Cottage
Authors: Langenbach James
Published: November 2023

Ezra Pound and W.B. Yeats spent the winters of 1913-16 living together in a Cottage in Sussex. During that period, Yeats, with Pound’s help, developed his autobiographies and Noh-style plays. Pound, similarly, under Yeats's influence, experimented with esoteric texts in the development of his own Imagistic theory. Drawing on extensive literary scholarship and previously unpublished work by Pound and Yeats, Longenbach's book breaks new ground in the study of this critical period in the rise of Modernism.
The Bourgeois State of Mind
Authors: Langenbach James
Published: November 2023

When Pound recreated Yeats’s incantation of “The Peacock” in thePisan Cantos he also remembered Yeatshearing nearly all Wordsworth for the sake of his conscience butpreferring Ennemoser on Witches.These lines not only allude to Joseph Ennemoser’s The History of Magi,c, which the two poets read during their first winter in Sussex, but also recall “The Witch,” a poem Yeats published as a companion to “The Peacock.
Tragic Generations
Authors: Langenbach James
Published: November 2023

Late in his life Yeats called “the images of thirty years” to his side and remembered that he, John Synge, and Lady Gregoryalone in modern times had brought Everything down to that sole test again, Dream of the noble and the beggar-man.
At The Generic Crossroads: Travel Writing, Ethnography, Autography
Authors: Nixon Rob
Published: November 2023

The relentless negativity of The Middle Passage separates that volume (and the bulk of his subsequent writing) from the often empathetic satire of the earlier fiction. Although A House for Mr. Biswas had been completed before Naipaul embarked on his return voyage to the Caribbean, the writing of the novel left its mark on The Middle Passage. For the journey was born of an immense fatigue, after the breakdown Naipaul suffered in bringing his epic novel to its conclusion.