bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermo-acoustical analysis of sorbic acid:(food preservative) in an aqueous solution containing propylene glycol:(PG) and hexylene glycol:(HG) by using an ultrasonic technique
Authors: Firdaus Ansari Ammara , Chakraborty Nabaparna , Juglan K. C.
Published: April 2024

Within a temperature range of [(293.15 K) to (308.15 K)] and a pressure range of 0.1 MPa, this study analyses molecular interactions in a sorbic acid solution in water. [Sorbic acid + (propylene glycol (PG) / hexylene glycol (HG)) + water] are present in the solution at quantities of [(0.01, 0.03, 0.05) \(mol.{kg}^{-1}\)]. We use the apparatus (Anton Paar DSA 5000 M) to find the density and the speed of sound. From the data we have, we may deduce many thermo-acoustic characteristics. Among the parameters that were experimentally measured were expansibilities, thermal expansion coefficients, volumes of transfer, and partial molar volumes. An effect of sound velocity on apparent molar isentropic compression, partial molar isentropic compression, and partial partial molar isentropic compression were all three forms of transfer pressure. Pair and triplet coefficients, as well as empirical constants, have been discovered to quantify important solute-solvent interactions. ''Propylene glycol has fewer interactions with the solvent than hexylene glycol, according to their characteristics”.
Elucidating predictors of preoperative acute heart failure in elderly patients with hip fractures through machine learning and SHAP analysis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yu Qili , Fu Mingming , Hou Zhiyong , Wang Zhiqian
Published: April 2024

Background
Acute heart failure has become a significant challenge in elderly patients with hip fractures. Timely identification and assessment of preoperative acute heart failure have become key factors in reducing surgical risks and improving outcomes.
Objective
This study aims to precisely predict the risk of acute heart failure in elderly patients with hip fractures before surgery through machine learning techniques and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), providing a scientific basis for clinicians to optimize patient management strategies and reduce adverse events.
Methods
A retrospective study design was employed, selecting patients admitted for hip surgery in the Department of Geriatric Orthopedics at the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2018 to December 2022 as research subjects. Data were analyzed using logistic regression, random forests, support vector machines, AdaBoost, XGBoost, and GBM machine learning methods combined with SHAP analysis to interpret relevant factors and assess the risk of acute heart failure.
Results
A total of 2,631 patients were included in the final cohort, with an average age of 79.3 ± 7.7. 33.7% of patients experienced acute heart failure before surgery. A predictive model for preoperative acute heart failure in elderly hip fracture patients was established through multivariate logistics regression: Logit(P) = -2.262–0.315 × Sex + 0.673 × Age + 0.556 × Coronary heart disease + 0.908 × Pulmonary infection + 0.839 × Ventricular arrhythmia + 2.058 × Acute myocardial infarction + 0.442 × Anemia + 0.496 × Hypokalemia + 0.588 × Hypoalbuminemia, with a model nomogram established and an AUC of 0.767 (0.723–0.799). Predictive models were also established using five machine learning methods, with GBM performing optimally, achieving an AUC of 0.757 (0.721–0.792). SHAP analysis revealed the importance of all variables, identifying acute myocardial infarction as the most critical predictor and further explaining the interactions between significant variables.
Conclusion
This study successfully developed a predictive model based on machine learning that accurately predicts the risk of acute heart failure in elderly patients with hip fractures before surgery. The application of SHAP enhanced the model's interpretability, providing a powerful tool for clinicians to identify high-risk patients and take appropriate preventive and therapeutic measures in preoperative management.
Design, Motion-planning, and Manufacturing of Custom-shaped Tools for 5-axis Super Abrasive Machinig of a Turbomachinery Blade Type Component
Authors: Martinez-Aguirre Maialen , Gómez Gaizka , Bo Pengbo , Barton Michael , González-Barrio Haizea , Calleja-Ochoa Amaia , de Lacalle Luis Norberto López
Published: April 2024

Turbomachinery components are evolving towards increasing complexity to achieve enhanced efficiency. Turbine blades are being designed using free-form surfaces and generated by Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS). Custom-shaped tools are presented as a solution to improve the productivity of super abrasive machining processes for complex geometries, meeting the high standards required for rotating turbomachinery components. The adaptability and flexibility of these new tool concepts are specifically designed to better fit the target of freeform surfaces. This paper presents a blade type component finished with a custom-shaped tool designed through an optimization process that simultaneously optimizes both the shape of the tool and its motion. The proposed method with SAM finishing using a custom-shaped tool is compared against a standard tool and traditional machining process. The result obtained on the blade test case show that the custom-shaped tools need fewer paths, yet produce more accurate surface finish.
High-affinity mirror-image monobody targeting MCP-1 generated via TRAP display and chemical protein synthesis
Authors: Murakami Hiroshi , Hayashi Gosuke , Naito Toshinori , Miura Sayaka , Iwamoto Naoya , Usui Yusuke , Nonaka Motohiro , Oishi Shinya
Published: April 2024

Engineered protein scaffolds function as binders against various target molecules with high affinity and specificity comparable to conventional IgG antibodies. However, biologically produced protein drugs are generally degraded by proteases and often exhibit immunogenicity. To increase protease resistance and decrease immunogenicity of peptides and proteins, mirror-image peptide/protein binders consisting of D-amino acids have been developed so far mainly through the mirror-image phage display technique. Here, we develop a mirror-image protein binder derived from a monobody, one of the most promising protein scaffolds, using two notable technologies: chemical protein synthesis and TRAP (transcription-translation coupled with association of puromycin linker) display, an improved and streamlined version of mRNA display. A sequential workflow of initial screening followed by affinity maturation, facilitated by TRAP display, generates an L-monobody with high affinity (KD = 1.3 nM) against the pharmaceutically important monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) D-enantiomer. By symmetry, the chemically synthesized D-monobody demonstrates strong and enantio-selective binding against L-MCP-1 and possesses pharmaceutically favorable properties such as resistance to proteolytic degradation, minimal immune response, and a potent inhibitory effect on MCP-1 binding to its cell membrane receptor. The production of a high-affinity mirror-image monobody elevates the value of mirror-image peptide/protein binders as a new modality in drug discovery.
Prognostic signature based on PANoptosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Jiayu , Li Dongquan , Gao Jie , Xu Aoyu , Rao Dapang
Published: April 2024

Background: PANoptosis, a recently identified pathway of cell death, entails interplay and coordination among pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis mechanisms. Yet, the prognostic implications of PANoptosis-related genes (PRGs) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remain largely unexplored.
Methods: In this study, nineteen PANoptosis-related genes (PRGs) were identified from prior research, and clinical data of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) were retrieved from TCGA. In the training cohort, we conducted univariate Cox, Lasso, and multivariate Cox regression analyses to identify prognostic PANoptosis-related genes (PRGs) and subsequently develop a prognostic PRGs signature. The prognostic signature was validated using both the testing cohort and the entire cohort. Furthermore, a nomogram was developed to predict prognosis at various clinicopathological stages and risk scores. Additionally, a network comprising 6 prognosis-related differentially expressed genes (PRDEGs) and 5 predicted functional partners was constructed.
Results: We utilized univariate Cox analysis to assess the prognostic significance of the 19 PANoptosis-related genes (PRGs). Subsequently, we employed both the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) and multivariate Cox analysis to further evaluate the prognostic value of these PRGs. We established a prognostic risk model consisting of six PRDEGs: TAB2, TAB3, TNFAIP3, CASP7, AIM2, and TRADD. Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis and time-related receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed to evaluate overall survival and compare high- and low-risk groups. Incorporating clinicopathological characteristics, the risk model was validated as a novel independent prognostic factor for clear cell renal cell carcinoma through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Furthermore, the nomogram demonstrated reliable predictive ability.
Conclusion: The signature comprising six PRDEGs showed notable prognostic significance for ccRCC. These genes hold promise as potential therapeutic targets in clinical settings.
Crafting Pixels in Wood: Understanding the Interplay of Technologies and Visual Perception in Wooden Photo Engraving
Authors: Jurek M. , Wagnerová R. , Šafář M.
Published: April 2024

This paper delves into the realm of laser engraving of photographs on wooden surfaces and explores the differences between mathematical and human perception. Wide quality study was used to, thoroughly explore the results attainable by 27 different realisations. The evaluation process involves both objective analyses and subjective assessments from hundreds of ratings of 60 evaluators, aiming to unravel the intricate interplay between technologies and visual perception. The study also poses the intriguing question of whether the image most accurately transferred onto a wooden surface is also the most favourably perceived by potential users.
Reconstructing Contact and Potential Interbreeding Geographical Zone for Neanderthals and Anatomically Modern Humans
Authors: Heydari-Guran Saman , Yosefi Masood , Kafash Anoshe , Ghasidian Elham
Published: April 2024

Whilst the admixture of the Neanderthal and anatomically modern human is precisely proven, due to the shortage of fossils and absence of appropriate DNA, the timing and geography of it, are the subjects of questions. In this study, we applied ecological niche modelling (maximum entropy approach) and GIS to reconstruct Neanderthal and modern human palaeodistribution and identify their contact and potential interbreeding zone during the marine isotope stage 5. We used climatic variables characterising environmental conditions of marine isotope stage 5 ca. 120 to 80 thousand years ago (Kyr) along with topography and coordinates of Neanderthal and modern human archaeological sites to build each species palaeodistribution. Overlapping the models showed that Zagros Mountains was a contact and potential interbreeding zone for the two sub-human species. We believe that Zagros Mountains acted as a corridor connected the Palearctic/Afro-Arabian realms, facilitated northward dispersal of anatomically modern human and southward dispersal of Neanderthal during marine isotope stage 5. Our analyses are comparable with archaeological and genetic evidence collected during the last decades.
A novel sub-network level ensemble deep neural network with regularized loss function to improve prediction performance
Authors: Toosifar Jalil , Forghani Yahya , Hosseini Seyyed Abed
Published: April 2024

In recent years, deep neural networks have been widely used and have achieved great success in various fields such as image recognition, natural language processing, and robotics. One method to increase the accuracy and generalization of neural networks is the use of a group of neural networks, ensemble learning, and aggregation of their outputs. The main idea of this paper is ensemble learning at the layer or block level of the network. This is because each neuron, or each layer, or each block of the network can be considered as a network, and ensemble learning can be performed at the neuron, layer, or block level. In fact, a large neural network composed of a large number of sub-networks (layers or blocks) can be considered as a combination of a large number of small sub-neural networks, and improving the performance of each sub-network can contribute to the overall improvement of the network performance. In other words, a layer of a network or, more generally, a sub-network of a network has the task of extracting or detecting the features of the input data. The more reliable this detection is, the more it can contribute to improving the model's performance. Ensemble learning at the layer or sub-network level can help increase the generalization performance of the layer or sub-network. Better performance of the layers or sub-networks can also lead to better performance of the entire network. The results of testing the proposed method on standard datasets for image classification show an improvement of 0.08 to 7.05 percent in the performance of the proposed model compared to traditional models.
Design of a 40 MW Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant for a School in Patenga
Authors: Rahman Md. Arifur , Islam Mazharul , Islam Md Torikul
Published: April 2024

Bangladesh, as a populous South Asian nation, grapples with the dual challenge of meeting escalating energy demands while tackling environmental degradation and reducing dependency on fossil fuels. In response to the imperative of sustainable development and the pressing global issue of climate change, the adoption of renewable energy sources has emerged as a critical strategy. This paper explores the viability and potential of solar photovoltaic (PV) power plants as a solution to Bangladesh’s energy challenges, with a specific focus on the Patenga region.Situated advantageously for solar energy harnessing, Patenga offers a promising locale for solar PV power generation. Through the establishment of a 40 MW solar PV power plant, this study proposes to address the energy requirements of the South Patenga City Corporation High School while also contributing surplus energy to the national grid. The geographic coordinates of Patenga (latitude: 22.235128°N, longitude: 91.806085°E) along the Bay of Bengal present an ideal coastal setting for solar energy exploitation.Detailed analysis reveals the economic viability and environmental benefits of the proposed solar PV project. With a projected payback period of seven years and an estimated revenue exceeding Tk 9 billion, the project promises profitability and sustainability. Leveraging solar energy not only ensures a stable and cost-effective electricity supply for the school but also aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly in advancing industry, innovation, infrastructure, decent work, and economic growth.The feasibility study conducted through platforms such as the Global Solar Atlas, PVGIS, and PVsyst underscores the viability of solar PV power generation in Patenga. Utilizing advanced software tools, including PVGIS for optimization, the project design aims for maximum efficiency and reliability. By harnessing solar energy, the school endeavors to reduce its carbon footprint, promote green energy adoption, and contribute to climate change mitigation efforts.
Applying novel random redistribution method in predicting malignant drivers for non-tumor diseases from transferring survival information
Authors: Zhou Xiaobei , Wan Jing , Lv Na , Huang Huihui , Zou Renlong , Liu Wensu
Published: April 2024

In cancer research, genomic survival analysis is commonly used to identify potential targets or subtyping models. However, there is limited survival information available for some non-tumor diseases, such as hypertension. In this manuscript, we propose a novel approach to address this issue by leveraging survival data from tumors to identify malignant drivers in genomic data for non-tumor diseases. Our approach begins by identifying common genes that may be implicated in both tumor and non-tumor diseases. We calculate similarities between feature genes using co-occurrence analysis in PubMed and also gene expression levels accopanied with disease stage information in transcriptome data. To assess the similarities and rank the genes, we have developed a customized metric. From the higher-ranking genes, we select potential malignant drivers based on calculated hazard ratios greater than 1 and log-rank p values less than 0.05. The validation was applied on 5 different diseases and afterwards the predicted malignant drivers were validated by accordance with reported information, gene ontology and protein-protein interaction analysis. Predicted log-rank p value and hazard ratio on known markers for target disease were also compared. The high accordance for our prediction with public information for all 5 diseases confirmed that our methods were effective in predicting malignant drivers and consequently gaining clinical and research significance.
Optimizing Energy-Conserving Sleep Strategies for NB-IoT Devices in Coordinated 5G Networks within Smart Environments
Authors: Jenitha J. , Hema L. K. , Regilan S.
Published: April 2024

An increased interest in energy-efficient communication protocols to extend battery life and improve network scalability has resulted from the fast growth of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, especially Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) devices. In this study, we suggest a unique method of sleep scheduling using machine learning techniques for NB-IoT networks. Our method seeks to optimize energy usage while maintaining responsive connection by dynamically adjusting the sleep patterns of NB-IoT devices depending on anticipated network activity levels. Using machine learning algorithms trained on historical data gathered from NB-IoT devices and base stations, the suggested process entails developing a prediction model. In order to produce real-time estimates of future network demand, the model analyzes a variety of input parameters, including as the surrounding environment, traffic patterns, and the closeness of the device to the base station. The sleep scheduling mechanism, which coordinates the sleep-wake cycles of NB-IoT devices to coincide with expected periods of low activity, is informed by these forecasts. We illustrate the efficacy of our machine learning-based sleep scheduling technique in attaining noteworthy energy savings while maintaining network performance, utilizing comprehensive simulations and real-world tests. We are able to strike a compromise between energy economy and responsiveness by cleverly scheduling sleep, which keeps NB-IoT devices operational for their monitoring and control functions while preserving battery life. Our study addresses the increasing need for sustainable IoT solutions in smart city settings and beyond by advancing energy-efficient communication protocols for NB-IoT networks. The suggested method opens the door for more effective and durable IoT ecosystems by providing useful advice and insights for applying machine learning-based sleep scheduling algorithms in actual IoT installations.
Herbolario v. 1: Building Database for Medicinal Plants Used by Ethnolinguistic Groups in the Philippines to Support Indigenous Knowledge Conservation
Authors: Plang Yalaira A. , Tanalgo Krizler C. , Cruz Kier Celestial Dela , Rubio Meriam M. , Hilario-Husain Bona Abigail , Respicio Jeaneth Magelen V. , Lidasan Asraf K. , Abdullah Sumaira S. , Fabrero Gerald Vince N. , Ele Renee Jane A. , Murray Sedra A. , Saliling Yvonne V. , Macatabon Radji A. , Casim Lothy F. , Reyes Jamaica L. Delos , Agduma Angelo Rellama
Published: April 2024

The significance of open and accessible biodiversity data is increasingly receiving attention among ecologists and conservation biologists. However, there is a scarcity on the information focusing on indigenous knowledge of biodiversity particularly in developing economies where such knowledge is highly concentrated. To address this gap, we introduced the Herbolario v. 1: A Database of Medicinal Plants Used in the 21st Century by Ethnolinguistic Groups in the Philippines, aiming to consolidate, digitally store, and make data publicly available following the principle of FAIR data-sharing. Herbolario v. 1 presents a comprehensive FAIR database focusing on the diversity and distribution of ethnomedicinal plants used by 35 ethnolinguistic groups in the Philippines. The database includes 13, 402 interaction records of ethnolinguistic groups of 796 plant (and algae) species from 160 families and 68 orders. This initiative offers a vital platform for preserving and disseminating indigenous knowledge and protecting traditional practices and cultural heritage. Additionally, incorporating this knowledge into broader biodiversity databases will improve the comprehensiveness and accuracy of global biodiversity assessments and conservation strategies. Furthermore, by making such data accessible, it can stimulate interdisciplinary research and foster cooperation among traditional knowledge holders, scientists, and policymakers.
Does Female Leadership Lead to Better Economic and Social Development? Evidence from Local Chinese Governments
Authors: Guo Qian , Teng Yanchuan , Xu Zhixing
Published: April 2024

What are the consequences of having a female leader for economic and political outcomes? This study investigates the impact of female leadership on policy outcomes at the local government level in China. Based on institutional theory and role theory, we investigate the impacts of women’s service as Chinese Communist Party (CCP) secretaries or government mayors on local economic growth and social policies. Based on municipal economic performance, government financial expenditures, and demographic data from the period between 1995 and 2015 in China, the results suggest that the influence of gender roles is eliminated when women are involved in leading local economic development, which receives strong institutional pressure. In contrast, female leadership is more conducive to social development, which is more likely to be subject to a leader’s discretion. Female leaders may not ensure better economic growth than male leaders, as indexed by GDP growth rates, but they usually produce more balanced and welfare-oriented development, as measured by higher expenditureson social security and employment.
Prediction of Supercapacitor Performance for Cobalt Oxide and Its Derivatives using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Shukla Shraddha , Manikandan
Published: April 2024

Supercapacitors' high-power density and quick charge-discharge times have made them stand out as potential energy storage technologies. The electrochemical properties of cobalt oxide and its derivatives have sparked substantial interest in their application as electrode materials for supercapacitors. This study aims to predict the performance of supercapacitors utilizing cobalt oxide and its derivatives through different machine learning models. The prediction model integrates material properties, electrode morphology, and electrolyte characteristics to forecast key performance metrics such as specific capacitance, energy density, power density and cyclic stability. By employing advanced computational tools, this research contributes to the understanding and optimization of cobalt oxide-based supercapacitors, facilitating their use in many different systems that stores energy. The experimental results such as high TPR values of all the grades (0.87 for grade A, 0.91 for grade B, 0.62 for grade C and 0.79 for grade D) on applying RF model confirm the predictive methodology outlined in this study. Furthermore, according to this study, MLP model combined with bagging (Bagging + MLP) is a better model as it gives least MAE and RMSE of 0.15 and 0.30 respectively with a precision of 0.642, recall of 0.562, accuracy of 0.836 and F1 score of 0.579.
"Mir ist so digk vor gesait" : Studien zur erzählerischen Gestaltung des "Meleranz" von dem Pleier
Authors:   , Gerber Jennifer
Published: April 2024

In der germanistischen Mediävistik richtet sich das Forschungsinteresse vornehmlich auf die höfische Literatur und dabei insbesondere auf die frühen und späten Artusromane. Vor allem die Werke von Hartmann von Aue und Wolfram von Eschenbach sind zentrale Forschungsobjekte, während Texte wie Pleiers ‚Meleranz‘ bisher nur begrenzt Beachtung fanden. Die Forschungslücke, die die vorliegende Arbeit adressiert, liegt in der detaillierten Analyse der spezifischen Erzähltechniken des pleierschen Textes, die sich sowohl durch die Verwendung traditioneller arthurischer Motive als auch durch innovative narrative Ansätze auszeichnen. Ausgehend von dem Befund eines stark zurückgenommenen Erzählers wird untersucht, welche narrativen Strategien und Verfahren der Pleier im ‚Meleranz‘ anwendet, um trotz dieser Abkehr von der implizierten poetischen Regelhaftigkeit einer dominanten Erzählerfigur das Erzählen vom Ritter ‚Meleranz‘ gelingen und zugleich an einigen Stellen ausgesprochen konventionell wirken zu lassen. Um aufzudecken, wie der Text ohne die Stimme eines deutlich hervortretenden Erzählers vermittelt wird, nutze ich im Verlauf der Arbeit eine Typologie der Stoffvermittlung durch (arthurische) Erzähler. In den Einzelstudien zum ‚Meleranz‘ werden seine Motive, Erzählmuster und Figurenkonstellationen in einem close reading erarbeitet und mit der Typologie abgeglichen, um bestimmen zu können, welche Vermittlungsformen im pleierschen Text genutzt werden. Mit Hilfe dieses Vergleichs kann das Erzählverfahren im ‚Meleranz‘ extrapoliert und gleichzeitig offengelegt werden. Mittels dieses Vorgehens wird verdeutlicht werden, dass es sich beim ‚Meleranz‘ um einen Text handelt, der arthurische Konventionen lediglich anders inszeniert, um die vermittelnde Funktion der Stimme des Erzählers zu substituieren oder ihr Fehler auszugleichen.
LANDSCAPE SUSTAINABILITY: ENVIRONMENTAL, HUMAN AND FINANCIAL FACTORS
Authors: Doxon Lynn Ellen
Published: April 2024

When determining whether landscaping is sustainable, we should consider environmental, financial and human factors. Environmental factors include: 1) the capacity of the landscape to damage or heal the system within which it is placed, 2) the environmental effects of the cultural techniques and products used in the installation and maintenance of that landscape, and 3) the ability of that landscape to endure without environmentally damaging inputs. Financial factors include: 1) the cost of the landscape compared to the economic return in terms of increased property values, 2) ability to attract and hold industry in a neighborhood, and 3) user fees paid by people attracted to an area by the landscaping. Human factors include: 1) the effects of the landscape on mood, employee retention, health and 2) activity of the individuals who interact with the environment. The ideal landscape would be sustainable in all three of these areas, meaning that there is more benefit than cost environmentally, financially and humanly.
WELCOME TO REALITY: AN OVERVIEW OF A LISA PROJECT IN SMALL FRUIT
Authors: Goulart Barbara L.
Published: April 2024

An “in the trenches” researcher/coordinator viewpoint of a northeast regional LISA grant which has been funded from 1989-1993 will be presented. The specifics of the logistics of coordinating a multi-state grant in a fledgling granting program will be emphasized, as well as the evolution of the content and focus of the research directions for the grant entitled Evaluation of Alternative Strategies for Small Fruit Production (University of Vermont Agreement No. 92-08-01). This was a project in which five states in the northeastern United States proposed to cooperate on a multi-disciplinary project exploring the biological and economic feasibility of selected production practices for small fruit. These practices were selected because they showed potential for increasing net profit by either reducing purchased inputs or maximizing yield. Information transfer, before, during and after the studies was emphasized, using such diverse means as grower experimental plots, the participation of growers in integrated pest management programs, the development and publication of economic data relevant to the projects, the development of a LISA small fruits newsletter, as well as more traditional means of information dissemination such as grower meetings and trade and scientific publications.
AN INTEGRATED DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM: POTENTIAL FOR HORTICULTURE
Authors: Ikerd John E.
Published: April 2024

Farming operations must be both environmentally sound and economically viable if they are to be sustainable over time. Thus, farmers of the future must be able to balance environmental and economic concerns in making management decisions. An integrated farm decision support system, PLANETOR, has been developed to help farmers balance soil loss, water quality risks, production efficiency, and profitability in the farm planning process.

PLANETOR is a site-specific, field-level, multi-year, computer-based program which allows farmers to evaluate alternative resource management strategies; including cropping sequence, tillage methods, and pest management practices within a whole-farm systems context. The PLANETOR program may be particularly useful for horticultural crop producers who are attempting to use crop rotations and integrated pest management strategies to reduce their reliance on commercial chemical inputs and thus reduce environmental risks and input costs without sacrificing productivity.
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND THE HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES: LEGISLATIVE ISSUES
Authors: Nipp Dr. Terry L.
Published: April 2024

In this presentation, an overview of the debates regarding sustainable agriculture will be provided, with a review of the interactions among interest groups, the Congress and the U.S. Department of Agriculture regarding the development of programs to promote more “sustainable” agricultural practices. First, the legislative debates over the language and programs included in the 1985 and 1990 Farm Bills will be provided. Second, a summary overview will be provided of the key elements of the sustainable agriculture subtitle of the 1990 Farm Bill (Title 16B). Third, there will be a review of the discussions among representatives of the Land-Grant universities, advocates of sustainable agriculture, commodity group representatives, and USDA officials regarding the implementation of sustainable agriculture mandates in the 1990 Farm Bill. Fourth, current efforts to develop a coalition of support for funding for sustainable agriculture efforts will be discussed. Fifth, the interactions between efforts to promote sustainable agriculture and other environmental efforts will be considered, particularly in regards to the Clean Water Act, the implementation of the Coastal Zone Management Act, and new farm management planning requirements. During the discussion, where appropriate, specific examples will be provided that demonstrate the potential impact of these issues on horticultural sciences and production.
THE INFLUENCE OF WATERING FREQUENCY, BULB SIZE, TEMPERATURE, AND PROMALIN ON FLOWERING OF CYRTANTHUS ELATUS (Jacq.) Traub.
Authors: Roh Mark S. , Lawson Roger H. , Kim Seung Hyun , Lim Ki Byung
Published: April 2024

The effects of watering frequency, bulb size, temperature, and Promalin on flowering of Cyrtanthus elatus, were investigated. Bulbs must be 8 cm, in circum., with minimum of 10 leaf bases before the first inflorescence will develop from a swollen leaf base. One inflorescence was initiated for each set of 5 leaf bases. Watering frequencies did not affect flower bud development and abortion. Greater than 73% of plants developing from bulbs larger than 15.3 cm in circum. produced an inflorescence with 4 to 6 flowers when grown at 26/23C (D/N) and sprayed with 3,000 ppm Promalin. Anthesis was accelerated from 64 days to 39 days when temperatures were increased from 16/13 to 26/23C. A second inflorescence was also produced from some Promalin-treated plants grown at 26/23C. Flower bud abortion of inflorescences formed on the outer row of leaf bases appeared to contribute to irregular flowering.
EFFECTS OF UNICONAZOLE ON DRY MATTER DISTRIBUTION, ROOT GROWTH AND MINERAL NUTRIENT PARTITIONING IN FORSYTHIA × INTERMEDIA `SPECTABILIS'
Authors: Thetford Mack , Warren Stuart L. , Blazich Frank A.
Published: April 2024

Uniconazole was applied as a foliar spray at 0, 90, 130, 170 or 210 ppm to liners of Forsythia × intermedia Zab. `Spectabilis' potted in calcined clay. Plants were harvested 40, 80, 120 and 369 days after treatment (DAT) and various growth data recorded at each sampling. Leaf, stem and root tissue samples were analyzed for N, P and K and expressed in terms of total nutrient content or as a percentage of dry weight (concentration). Uniconazole controlled plant height by suppressing internode length. Leaf and stem growth were suppressed by uniconazole as illustrated by reduced leaf area, leaf dry weight and stem dry weight. Uniconazole also reduced root area, root length and root dry weight. However, root:shoot ratios were not effected by uniconazole, except at 40 DAT. Uniconazole increased foliar N and P concentrations at all harvest dates. Foliar K concentration and content were decreased by uniconazole. Stem N concentration increased with uniconazole application at all harvest dates. Uniconazole decreased stem N, P and K content at all harvest dates. Root N, P and K concentrations were increased by uniconazole at all harvest dates whereas N content was not affected. Uniconazole decreased root P and K content.
COMPARISON OF HYDROPHILIC POLYMER AMENDMENT ON MEDIA LEACHATE AND CHRYSANTHEMUM GROWTH
Authors: Sanderson Kenneth C.
Published: April 2024

Soil Moist, acrylic polymer, was incorporated into a soil, peat compost, pinebark, and perlite medium at 0, 5, 10, and 20 g per 10 cm (500 ml) pot. One rooted cutting of Dendranthema grandiflora (Ramat) Kitamura was planted into the pot. Prior to planting, each pot received 0.25 mg of ancymidol in a 80 ml drench. Leachate was collected at drenching for foxtail millet bioassay. Chrysanthemum height, dry weight, area, flower number, and date of flowering were recorded at flowering. In a second experiment, Soil Moist, Supersorb C, Agrosoake and Broadleaf brand polymers were evaluated at the manufacturer's recommended rate. Height of millet seedlings grown in ancymidol leachate from polymer-treated media was greater than seedlings grown in ancymidol drench solution. Height of millet seedlings grown with ancymidol leachate from the various polymer media did not differ in height from seedlings which received tap water lechate. Growth parameters were unaffected by polymer rate or brand.
DARK SKIN DISCOLORATION IN PEACH AND NECTARINE FRUIT IN RESPONSE TO EXOGENOUS CONTAMINANTS
Authors: Cheng Guiwen W. , Crisosto Carlos H.
Published: April 2024

Dark skin discoloration development on peach and nectarine cultivars was investigated in response to exogenous pH and metallic ions by using skin discs. The influence of fruit abrasion and washing interaction was studied in a factorial design experiment. Only abraded skin discs developed discoloration after being exposed to high pH and to different metallic ion concentrations. The response of fruit tissue and pure anthocyanins to different pH levels were the same, indicating that anthocyanins was the substrate for the dark color formation. Among the metallic ion contaminants (aluminum, copper, tin, zinc, and sodium) - studied, iron was the most effective in causing fruit dark discoloration at the physiological pH. Iron at concentrations equal and/or higher than 10 ppm induced dark discoloration on abraded fruit skin. Dark discoloration development produced by exposing the skin tissue to pH level higher than 6 was reversible while the dark discoloration induced by iron and aluminum ions remained stable. Iron-induced black discoloration was removed by using acidified solution in combination with EDTA.
PREDICTION OF BITTER PIT ON APPLES USING Mg2+ SALT INFILTRATION TO INDUCE BITTER PIT-LIKE SYMPTOMS.
Authors: Burmeister Douglas M. , Dilley David R.
Published: April 2024

In a 2-year study, induction of bitter pit-like symptoms (Mg2+ induced pits) on Northern Spy apples (Malus domestica borkh.) by infiltrating Mg2+ salt solutions into the fruits was positively correlated with bitter pit that developed during storage. Fruits at harvest were infiltrated with 0.1M MgCl2 in 0.3 M sorbitol with 0.1% Tween 20 and placed at 20°C for 10 days (d) after which the number of Mg2+ induced pits (MgIP) was determined on individual fruits. A parallel sample of fruits from each orchard was stored at 5°C in air (both years) and at 3°C in air or controlled atmosphere (CA) storage. The prediction was reliable for fruits harvested 20d and 10d before and at optimal maturity for long term storage. The endogenous (native) fruit Ca2+ concentration was inversely related to the number of pits induced by Mg2+ and to bitter pit development during storage. Pitting induced on the surface of fruits by Mg2+ treatment may thus be a reliable indicator of the potential of fruits to develop natural bitter pit.
SOURCES OF VARIATION IN FRUIT QUALITY OF `BRAEBURN' APPLE AT HARVEST AND AFTER STORAGE.
Authors: Tustin D. Stuart , Watkins Christopher B. , Castmore Wendy M. , Brookfield Paul L.
Published: April 2024

Export-packed fruit of `Braeburn' apple ware collected on three dates corresponding to the early, mid and late periods of commercial harvest. Fruit were segregated into categories determined by background color, combined with percent fruit surface area with red blush of <40%, 40-70% and >70%. A separate category comprised fruit which showed marginal sunburn discolouration. Fruit were assessed at harvest and after 16 weeks air storage at O°C. Quality and maturity indices which were affected by harvest date included starch pattern index, flesh firmness and soluble solids concentration (SSC). However differences due to harvest data were not evident after storage. Fruit with more yellow background color or marginal sunburn were distinguished by advanced starch hydrolysis, higher internal ethylene concentration and higher SSC at harvest. After storage these fruit had yellowest background color, softer flesh and highest SSC. Fruit with green-yellow background color and >70% blush showed similar but less pronounced trends. Organoleptic assessment after storage showed a higher frequency of inferior texture and juiciness associated with categories of fruit with indices indicating advanced maturity at harvest and following storage.
EFFECT OF TISSUE AND EXTRACTS FROM CROWN GALL-RESISTANT AND-SUSCEPTIBLE VITIS GENOTYPES ON VIR INDUCTION IN AGROBACTERIUM VITIS
Authors: Stover E.W. , Swartz H.J. , Burr T.J.
Published: April 2024

A GUS marker was used in earlier experiments to show that crown gall resistant Vitis genotypes show significantly lower rates of transformation by A. vitis than the crown gall susceptible Vitis vinifera. In recent experiments a reporter gene (lacZ) fused with the virB promoter was used to determine whether the lower frequency of transformation resulted from reduced induction of Agrobacterium vitis virulence (vir) genes. With some A. vitis strains, addition of medium conditioned with grape tissue enhanced vir induction by the known inducer acetosyringone and significant vir induction also resulted without addition of acetosyringone when grape tissue was included in the induction medium. Enhancement of vir induction by grape extracts was not correlated with genotypic susceptibility to crown gall.
AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION OF SALPIGLOSSIS SINUATA L.
Authors: Wang Lijuan , Shi Nian-Oing , Cheng Zongming , Lee Chiwon W.
Published: April 2024

Leaf discs of Salpiglossis sinuata L. were infected with disarmed Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA 4404 carrying β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene and kanamycin resistance. Plantlets were regenerated from the leaf discs cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 10 μM kinetin and 1 μM naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) plus 300 mg/liter kanamycin. The plantlets were then rooted on the MS medium containing the same concentration of kanamycin plus 2 μM NAA without kinetin. The histochemical assay showed that the regenerated plants were GUS positive. A Southern blot test is underway to determine the stability of the transferred genes in the regenerated plants.
GROWTH AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS STUDIES OF ONCIDIUM ORCHID
Authors: C.S. Hew , Yong W.H.
Published: April 2024

The growth and photosynthesis of Oncidium Goldiana, a popular tropical orchid for cut flower production, have been studied. Four main developmental stages of Oncidium Goldiana vert identified: bud stage, plantlet stage, unsheathing stage and pseudobulb stage. Pseudobulb formation occured during the unsheathing stage which was closely followed by the formation of inflorescence. The pseudobulb of Oncidium Goldiana is of heterblastic type and lacks stomata.

Oncidium Goldiana is a C3 shade plant based on Cb1 a/b ratio, CO2 compensation point, postillumination CO2 outburst and light saturation. The rate of photosynthesis increased with the development of the inflorescence and auxillary bud. Pseudobulbs contain chlorophyll but show no sign of gas exchange in light and dark. However it fixes CO2 in light with the partial removal of cuticle.
SCREENING FOR RESISTANCE TO MELOIDOGYNE HAPLA CHITWOOD IN CARROT (DAUCUS CAROTA L.)
Authors: Wang Min , Gabelman Warren H.
Published: April 2024

Nematodes are very difficult to control because they are soil-borne root-feeding organisms and there are many limitations in nematocide application. Four greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine differences in response of carrot (Daucus carota L.) lines to infestation caused by root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood). Plainfield loamy sand (Typic Updisamment; mixed, mesic), and 10 eggs per milliliter of soil inoculum concentration of M. hapla repeatedly provided an effective medium and measurement in discriminating differences in host-parasite responses. In vitro vial tests proved unsatisfactory. Significant differences were found among forty-two carrot lines on gall number rating, gall rating and root rating. Line 17 and line 19 consistently showed the most tolerance to infestation of M. Hapla evidenced by the lowest gall number (0 - 8 galls / seedling), lowest gall rating (1 - 1.83 / seedling) and lowest root rating (0.92 - 2.17 / seedling). Line 16 was the most susceptible one. High soil temperature potentially reduced carrot tolerance to M. hapla.
GENETICS OF RESISTANCE TO ALTERNARIA BRASSICICOLA IN BRASSICA OlERACEA
Authors: King Stephen R. , Dickson Michael H.
Published: April 2024

Initial screening indicated that 20° C and 100% RH using a 50,000 spores/ml concentration produced a severe test, but it was still possible to identify potential resistance. More than 600 Brassica spp. were screened at the 3-5 true leaf stage for resistance to Alternaria brassicicola, and selections were then subjected to a field screen. Disease severity scores ranged from 1 to 9, with 1 being most resistant and 9 most susceptible. Fourteen B. oleracea accessions representing cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale, kohl rabi, brussels sprouts and chinese kale were selected as having potential resistance or tolerance. One B. napus accession was also selected for tolerance. Nine of the B. oleracea selections and three susceptible checks were included in a complete diallel. Resistance appears to be quantitative and partially dominant. Both general and specific combining ability effects were significant, but GCA is apparently more important in predicting the performance of the hybrid. The inheritance of resistance will be discussed.
SORBITOL DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY AND CULTIVAR-SPECIFIC APPLE FRUIT GROWTH RATES
Authors: Archbold Douglas D.
Published: April 2024

The activity of sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) may be the primary determinant of apple fruit carbohydrate accumulation, perhaps defining cultivar-specific fruit growth rates. During two intervals following June drop, fruit SDH activity of 5 cultivars was assayed along with measurements of fruit relative growth rate (RGR) and total soluble carbohydrate (TSC) and sorbitol levels of fruit cortex tissue. SDH activity varied over 2-fold among cultivars in interval 1 and nearly 7-fold in interval 2. SDH activity was not correlated to fruit RGR or cortex TSC level, but it was negatively correlated to cortex sorbitol level. Defoliation and girdling to restrict sorbitol import slowed fruit growth and reduced SDH activity to nondetectable levels. Growth resumption, presumably following phloem re-establishment in the girdled zone, was accompanied by substantial SDH activity. SDH activity appears to be cultivar-specific and may be influenced by substrate, i.e., sorbitol, availability. While SDH likely plays a key role in apple fruit carbohydrate accumulation, its activity alone may not determine cultivar-specific fruit growth rate.
CULTIVAR VARIATIONS IN APPLE WAX COMPOSITION
Authors: Belding R.D. , Blankenship S.M. , Young E.
Published: April 2024

Apple cuticular wax is the primary environmental interface between the fruit and pathogens or protectant chemicals. Analyses have shown quantitative and qualitative differences in wax of apple cultivars grown in various environments. Of the twelve major wax components, seven exhibited significant variations between Golden Delicious(GD) and Red Delicious(RD) cultivars in all three years. Of these seven components, two compounds occur in greater concentrations in RD than in GD cultivars, one which elutes soon after hexacosanol comprises 10 to 15 % of the RD wax composition verses less than 0.5 % in GD. The other compound comprised 5% of the RD wax verses 1-2% in GD. The other five compounds were found in greater concentrations in GD than RD cultivars. Tetracosanol and another early eluting unknown compound each make up 1 to 3.5 % of GD wax composition while appearing in only trace amounts in RD cultivars. Hexacosanol and a third later eluting unknown each constitute 2 % of GD while concentrations in RD were consistently 1 % or less. Ursolic acid, appears as two isomers, the first isomer constituted 12 to 16 % of GD wax and only 8 to 9 % of RD cultivars. Nonacosane and the major isomer of ursolic add constituted 50 to 70% of the total wax of each cultivar and were not significantly different.
CLIENT REASONS FOR USE OF FOLIAGE PLANTS IN COMMERCIAL INTERIORSCAPES
Authors: Lewis Stan J.
Published: April 2024

Interior foliage plants are found in malls, small offices, restaurants, and other commercial ventures. This paper uses interviews/surveys to develop a clientele profile of users of interiorscapes in commercial interior design. Questions in the survey will discuss: number of employees, purpose/use/users of the plantscape, and costs of the green material. These responses will help identify the target market for foliage interiorscapes.
SUPERMARKET FLORAL DEMONSTRATIONS INCREASED FRESH FLOWER INVENTORY
Authors: Behe B.K. , Beckett L.M.
Published: April 2024

Consumers' first-hand experience with products can increase their knowledge, which can stimulate sales. The purpose of this study was to determine if in-store floral demonstrations would increase fresh flower inventory (a measure of sales). Demonstrations were conducted for eight weeks on consecutive Fridays and Saturdays in September and October, 1992, in eight stores of a mid-western supermarket chain. Four test and four control stores in the same market area participated. Trained demonstrators contacted 18,418 consumers during 512 hours of demonstrations and distributed 4450 fresh flowers and 15,216 packets of floral preservative. After 11 weeks of monitoring, we observed a 28% increase in the average fresh flower inventory of demonstration stores compared to control stores (P = 0.0750). Supermarket in-store floral demonstrations increased average fresh flower inventory.