bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neurodiversidad y cognición 4E. Música y multisensorialidad en los entornos Metatopia
Authors: Peñalba Alicia , López-Cano Rubén , Del Val Jaime
Published: July 2021

Nuestras sociedades están promoviendo la participación de personas con “discapacidad” o neurodiversas en la actividad artística musical. La tecnología en este sentido ha desempeñado un importante papel en el desarrollo de dispositivos musicales para la inclusión, que comienzan relacionando gestualidad y sonido pero que evolucionan hacia estructuras multimodales que los combinan con luces, estructuras físicas y arquitectónicas, estímulos hápticos, entre otros. Los entornos Metatopia creados en el contexto del proyecto Metabody han sido diseñados con una concepción que da cabida a la participación de personas neurodiversas. Desde el año 2013 este artista colabora con personas con neurodiversidad cognitiva, física y sensorial. Este artículo discute el término “discapacidad” y propone sustituirlo por neurodiversidad en consonancia con las teorías cognitivas del paradigma de la cognición 4E: embodied, embedded, enactive, extended. Se examinan además las posibilidades de Metatopia con personas neurodiversas a través de observaciones y entrevistas. Los resultados de esta investigación apuntan a una expansión de las capacidades de las personas que realizan inmersiones en Metatopia en cuanto a seguridad, iniciativa, ruptura del hábitus y concentración. Dichos cambios se explican en términos de las técnicas desarrolladas en Metatopia: flexinámica, desalineamiento y amorfogénesis y su relación con las teorías de la cognición 4E.
Making touch visible with the suture of fantasy with virtual aesthetician in “The Best Facial Clinic” – The glitchy-score of tele-synaesthesia performance in the age of global pandemic
Authors: Hao Ada Xiaoyu
Published: July 2021

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have been adapting as fugitives of this accidental encounter with an “untouchable” virus, while being rendered into the shared virtual arena, where our discursive bodies are situated within, embedded in and tele-commuted to. Our increasing dependence on online interaction and video conferencing during the pandemic is not only facilitating social connectedness, but also contemplating the question: How to elongate our somatosensation and echo the embodied experience of touching through the incorporeal virtual connectivity? This essay focuses on the embodied nature of tele-synaesthesia performance, its potential effect of forging a rhythmic connection from one sensuous modality to another, and the concurrent emergences of glitch and internet latency as non-verbal cues of internet-situated communication. In reference to Laura Mark’s theory of haptic visuality, where vision triggers a tactile experience in the body; Naomi Bennett’s concept of virtual touch, in which an affective sensory response of touch can be elicited through non-tactile senses, Paul Sermon’s artistic production of Telematic Quarantine (2020) and Pandemic Encounter (2020), that telepresents the stories of self (isolation), and in relation to Michel Foucault’s concept Heterotopia in the context of internet-situated performance, I examine the performance work I have been developing during lockdown since March 2020: The Best Facial (2021), supported by Centre for Digital Media Cultures Research and School of Art Postgraduate Research at University of Brighton, a number of sessions of 25-minute 1-to-1 participatory tele-synaesthesia performances that take place on Zoom, where I become a virtual aesthetician and use telepresence to perform meditative virtual facial tactics, and to make tele-contact improvisation upon the surface of the participant’s face to trigger tactile experiences through haptic visuality, virtual touching, and auditory fantasization.
CONDUCTOMETRIC STUDY OF LIGAND STRUCTURE INFLUENCE ON THE Pb(II) COMPLEXATION WITH CROWN ETHERS
Authors: Bjelić Edita , Suljkanović Mersiha , Suljagić Jasmin , Kovačević Azra
Published: July 2021

The conductometric study of ligand structure influence on the Pb(II) complexation with crown ethers in different solvents has been investigated. In this paper, the complexation reaction of macrocyclic ligand, 18-crown-6 (18C6), dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18C6), and Pb(II) cation was studied in different solvents: dichloromethane (DCM) and 1,2- dichloroethane (1,2-DCE). The effects of surfactant structure (Triton X-100 and Triton X-45) on the conductivity of the Pb(II) complex with 18-crown-6 and dibenzo-18-crown-6 ether have been investigated. The conductance data showed that the stoichiometry of the complexes in most cases is 1:1(ML). It is also demonstrated that the influence of crown ethers is deeply affected by the organic solvent used. In the solvents studied, the stability of the resulting complexes showed higher stability in dichloromethane comparing with 1,2- dichloroethane. Macrocyclic ligand 18-crown-6 showed more suitable for complexation of Pb(II) ions compared to dibenzo-18-crown-6. Adding a surfactant affected the higher absolute values of the conductivity of systems, but not the change in the stoichiometric ratio between a metal ion and macrocyclic ligand.
SPECIAL FORMS OF CONTROL OF STATE ADMINISTRATION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA KOD MLADIH
Authors: Novaković Filip
Published: July 2021

The thematic conception of the work consists of legal issues of special forms of control of state administrative in Bosnia and Herzegovina (at the state level, the level of federal units and districts). The paper analyzes the structure of bodies that perform this type of control, starting with the ombudsman institutions (Ombudsman for Human Rights of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Ombudsman for Children of Republic of Srpska), and with special reference to the institutions of auditors (of which there are four in Bosnia and Herzegovina). The author will present the organization of these institutions, the election of their members (ombudsmen and auditors), the way they act, and the possibilities they have, as well as the legal mechanisms they can use to protect both citizens and the public interest.
The GNU subunit of PNG kinase, the developmental regulator of mRNA translation, binds BIC-C to localize to RNP granules
Authors: Avilés-Pagán Emir E , Hara Masatoshi , Orr-Weaver Terry L
Published: July 2021

Control of mRNA translation is a key mechanism by which the differentiated oocyte transitions to a totipotent embryo. In Drosophila, the PNG kinase complex regulates maternal mRNA translation at the oocyte-to-embryo transition. We previously showed that the GNU activating subunit is crucial in regulating PNG and timing its activity to the window between egg activation and early embryogenesis (Hara et al., 2017). In this study, we find associations between GNU and proteins of RNP granules and demonstrate that GNU localizes to cytoplasmic RNP granules in the mature oocyte, identifying GNU as a new component of a subset of RNP granules. Furthermore, we define roles for the domains of GNU. Interactions between GNU and the granule component BIC-C reveal potential conserved functions for translational regulation in metazoan development. We propose that by binding to BIC-C, upon egg activation GNU brings PNG to its initial targets, translational repressors in RNP granules.
The fluoride permeation pathway and anion recognition in Fluc family fluoride channels
Authors: McIlwain Benjamin C , Gundepudi Roja , Koff B Ben , Stockbridge Randy B
Published: July 2021

Fluc family fluoride channels protect microbes against ambient environmental fluoride by undermining the cytoplasmic accumulation of this toxic halide. These proteins are structurally idiosyncratic, and thus the permeation pathway and mechanism have no analogy in other known ion channels. Although fluoride-binding sites were identified in previous structural studies, it was not evident how these ions access aqueous solution, and the molecular determinants of anion recognition and selectivity have not been elucidated. Using x-ray crystallography, planar bilayer electrophysiology, and liposome-based assays, we identified additional binding sites along the permeation pathway. We used this information to develop an oriented system for planar lipid bilayer electrophysiology and observed anion block at one of these sites, revealing insights into the mechanism of anion recognition. We propose a permeation mechanism involving alternating occupancy of anion-binding sites that are fully assembled only as the substrate approaches.
Combined effects of biochar and chicken manure on maize (Zea mays L.) growth, lead uptake and soil enzyme activities under lead stress
Authors: Liu Ling , Li Jiwei , Wu Guanghai , Shen Hongtao , Fu Guozhan , Wang Yanfang
Published: July 2021

The goal of the present work was to evaluate the additive effects of biochar and chicken manure on maize growth in Pb-contaminated soils. In this study, we conducted a pot experiment to investigate how biochar in soil (20, 40 g·kg−1), chicken manure in soil (20, 40 g·kg−1), or a combination of biochar and chicken manure in soil (each at 20 g·kg−1) effect maize growth, Pb uptake, leaves’ antioxidant enzymatic activities, and soil enzyme activities under artificial conditions to simulate moderate soil pollution (800 Pb mg·kg−1). The results showed that all biochar and/or chicken manure treatments significantly (P < 0.05) increased maize plant height, biomass, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activity but decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content. These results indicated that amending the soil with biochar and/or chicken manure could alleviate Pb’s phytotoxicity. The biochar and/or chicken manure treatments remarkably decreased the Pb concentration in maize roots, stems, leaves, bioconcentration factor (BCF), translocation factor (TF), and available Pb concentration in the soil. Amending the soil with chicken manure alone was more effective at increasing maize growth and antioxidant enzymatic activity; the biochar treatment alone was more effective at inducing soil alkalinization and contributing to Pb immobilization. The combined use of biochar and chicken manure had an additive effect and produced the largest increases in maize growth, leaves’ antioxidant enzymatic activity, and soil enzyme activity. Their combined use also led to the most significant decreases in maize tissues Pb and soil available Pb. These results suggest that a combination of biochar and chicken manure was more effective at reducing soil Pb bioavailability and uptake by maize tissues, and increasing maize growth. This combination increased plant height by 43.23% and dry weight by 69.63% compared to the control.
Synergistic Effect of Coconut Water and Garlic Tincture on Lipids and Oxidative Profile of Albino Rats Treated with High Fat Diet and Alcohol
Authors: Brown Holy , Tamuno-Emine Davies G. , Sweeten Omuruka
Published: July 2021

Aim: This study evaluated the combined effect of coconut water and garlic tincture on lipid and antioxidants profile of albino rats fed with high fat diet and alcohol.

Study Design: This study is a non-randomized experimental study design.

Place and Duration of Study: Rivers State University Chemical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, the study was done between 20th November, 2018-30th June 2019.

Methodology: A total number of 45 Wister albino rats were used with the weight ranged from 120-200 grams. The animals were grouped into two major groups, the control Group A and the test Group B. Blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture into heparinized bottle for standard laboratory investigation of lipid profile, and Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and Malondialdehide (MDA). Plasma SOD and MDA were determined using ELISA methods, TAC was determined using FRAP Colorimetric method while lipid profile were determined using enzymatic method.

Results: The results revealed that, alcohol induced oxidative stress group exhibited significant differences in MDA levels amongst the groups, and no significance differences in SOD and TAC levels as compared with negative control groups. There were significant differences in the Total Cholesterol and low density lipoprotein levels, amongst the groups. However, these changes appear to improve with coconut water and garlic tincture treatment. Treatment with coconut water alone following 30% alcohol treatment, showed a significant decrease in MDA level, no significant increase in SOD and TAC. Similar observation was recorded for the garlic tincture treatment alone. Treatment with low dose of combined coconut water with garlic tincture following 30% alcohol treatment, shows significant decrease in MDA level, significant increase in SOD, no significant increase in TAC. Treatment with low and higher doses of combined coconut water with garlic tincture following HFD treatment showed similar results, no significant decrease in TG levels, a significant decrease in MDA, TC and LDL levels, a significant increase in TAC and HDL levels and no significant increase in SOD. However, no difference was observed at higher dose. Histological findings revealed changes in hepatocellular architecture, such as inflammatory cell aggregates, dilation of sinosidal space, fatty droplet after treatment with alcohol and high fat diet. However, upon garlic tincture and coconut water treatment, there was amelioration of these abnormalities.

Conclusion: The mixture of coconut water and garlic tincture seem to exerted an antioxidant and antiatherogenic effect on alcohol-induced oxidative stress and HFD-induced dyslipidaemia in rats.
Investigation of Ecosystem Goods and Services Flows from Land: A Commentary on Experience from Watersheds in Iran
Authors: Ariapour Ali , Squires Victor R.
Published: July 2021

This paper is about the experience gained in field studies  in four provinces in semi-arid Iran. We focus on assessing the flow of ecological goods and services (EG&S) in uplands that are the watersheds. The paper is in three parts. Firstly, we describe the geography, demography and climate to provide a setting for the work but we also seek to provide an explanation of the context for the case studies that form the bulk of this paper. In the second part we elaborate on the nature of the EG&S and discuss inter alia the use of indicators by which we gauge the flow rates of EG&S from the land and also briefly discuss the implications for introducing payments for ecosystem services (PES). Mention is made of the internationally-funded MENARID (Middle East and North Africa Regional Program for Integrated Development) with a focus on the Sustainable Watershed sub-project. Lessons can be drawn from this internationally sponsored program. The key constraints to identifying, evaluating and ascertaining the rate of flow of EG&S, especially spatial and temporal, are elaborated. Finally, we present data (both quantitative and qualitative) derived from field sites and discuss the observed trends and projected futures. We provide some recommendations for making interventions more effective and operational, via replication and scaling up, across the vast areas of upland.
Impact of Postoperative Complications on Long-Term Survival of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients After Liver Resection
Authors: Mochizuki Susumu , Nakayama Hisashi , Midorikawa Yutaka , Higaki Tokio , Moriguchi Masamichi , Aramaki Osamu , Takayama Tadatoshi
Published: July 2021

Objective

The effect of postoperative complications including red blood cell transfusion (BT) on long-term survival for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. The purpose of this study was to define the relationship between postoperative complications and long-term survival in patients with HCC.

Methods

Postoperative complications of 1251 patients who underwent curative liver resection for HCC were classified, and their recurrence-free survival (RFS) and cumulative overall survival (OS) were investigated.

Results

Any complications occurred in 503 patients (40%). Five-year RFS and 5-year OS in the complication group were 21% and 56%, respectively, significantly lower than the respective values of 32% (P < 0.001) and 68% (P < 0.001) in the no-complication group (n = 748). Complications related to RFS were postoperative BT [hazard ratio (HR): 1.726, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.338–2.228, P < 0.001], pleural effusion (HR: 1.434, 95% CI: 1.200–1.713, P < 0.001) using Cox proportional-hazard model. Complications related to OS were postoperative BT (HR: 1.843, 95% CI: 1.380–2.462, P < 0.001), ascites (HR: 1.562, 95% CI: 1.066–2.290, P = 0.022), and pleural effusion (HR: 1.421, 95% CI: 1.150–1.755, P = 0.001).

Conclusions

Postoperative complications were factors associated with poor long-term survival. Postoperative BT and pleural effusion were noticeable complications that were prognostic factors for both RFS and OS.
“Vamos sabotar as engrenagens desse sistema”: gênero e sexualidade no programa Amor & Sexo // "Let's sabotage the gears of this system": gender and sexuality in The Amor & Sexo TV show
Authors: Moreira Diego Gouveia , Bracchi Daniela Nery , Melo Cristina Teixeira Vieira de
Published: July 2021

A reivindicação por políticas identitárias tem ganhado cada vez mais espaço na agenda social. Para não ficar de fora desse debate, os meios de comunicação investem em produções que focalizam essas temáticas. O programa "Amor & Sexo", da Rede Globo de Televisão, ao tratar de sexualidade, envereda por questões que dizem respeito a identidade de gênero. O objetivo deste artigo é identificar as estratégias utilizadas pelo referido programa para se constituir como espaço de discussão dos temas associados às questões de gênero e práticas sexuais. Por meio da análise feita, foi possível identificar que, para se vender como produto de consumo, "Amor & Sexo" utiliza

fortemente recursos de entretenimento, o que por sua vez provoca ambivalências no modo de abordar as políticas identitárias.
O que diz um corpo nu? Processos de Midiatização da performance “La Bête” e as controvérsias discursivas em rede // What does a nude body say? Mediatization processes of the performance "La Bête" and the discursive controversies in digital network
Authors: Brandão Vanessa Cardozo , Dias Juarez Guimarães
Published: July 2021

Neste trabalho analisamos as controvérsias instauradas a partir da repercussão midiática da performance La Bête de Wagner Schwartz, apresentada na abertura do 35º Panorama da Arte Brasileira no Museu de Arte Moderna de São Paulo. Ao passar por processos de midiatização nas redes sociais digitais, a performance foi descontextualizada de seu espaço artístico e sofreu interdições de parte do público e de instituições governamentais. Desta forma, propomos refletir como o corpo se torna a matéria discursiva (plataforma de mensagem/mídia) em cenários de midiatização no ambiente digital e sua relação com as audiências. A performance, feita para ser comunicada com públicos ao vivo e no espaço onde se realiza, a partir do momento em que é midiatizada, é descontextualizada de seu valor estético e recontextualizada no espaço digital, provocando o deslocamento de sentidos e desapropriando o artista de suas propostas, originando atos de publicização da interdição nas redes digitais.
Onde está o homem negro na publicidade? Masculinidades negras no segmento de higiene pessoal // Where is the black man in advertising? Black masculinities in the personal hygiene segment
Authors: Viana Pablo Moreno Fernandes
Published: July 2021

Nos últimos anos temos assistido à emergência de discussões sobre feminismos no combate ao sexismo nas sociedades, principalmente a brasileira, historicamente patriarcal. Assim emergem debates sobre masculinidades e, motivados por essa discussão, verificamos como elas são representadas na comunicação das marcas Axe, Gillette, Old Spice e Rexona. Especificamente, destacamos como as marcas construíram representações de masculinidades negras em seus canais no Youtube. Ancorados em discussões do feminismo negro, de masculinidades e na teoria interseccional, observamos a comunicação das marcas ao longo do ano de 2018. Os resultados apontam para índices insuficientes de representatividade em proporção à população nacional. O homem negro como coadjuvante ou figurante é mais recorrente e isso nos leva a um debate sobre a representação e representatividade. Quando protagoniza é estereotipado, reflexo do racismo estrutural.
Elastic‐Connection and Soft‐Contact Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Superior Durability and Efficiency
Authors: Lin Zhiming , Zhang Binbin , Xie Yiyuan , Wu Zhiyi , Yang Jin , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: July 2021

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has received tremendous attention in ambient energy harvesting, especially for ocean wave energy. However, the technology is generally challenged to obtain excellent durability and high efficiency simultaneously, which primarily overshadows their further industrial‐scale applications. Here, a dual‐mode and frequency multiplied TENG with ultrahigh durability and efficiency for ultralow frequency mechanical energy harvesting via the elastic connection and soft contact design is proposed. By introducing the spring and flexible dielectric fluff to the novel pendulum‐like structural design, the surface triboelectric charges of TENG are replenished in soft contact mode under the intermittent mechanical excitation, while the robustness and durability are enhanced in non‐contact working mode. The fabricated TENG results in a continuous electrical output for 65 s by one stimulus with a high energy conversion efficiency, as well as negligible change of output performance after a total of 2 000 000 cycles. Moreover, integrated with the power management circuit, the TENG array is demonstrated to drive the electronics by effectively harvesting wind and water wave energy as a sustainable energy source. This work paves a new pathway to enhance the robustness, durability, and efficiency of the TENG that resolves the bottleneck of its practical applications and industrialization.
Structural Color Materials from Natural Polymers
Authors: Zhang Zhuohao , Chen Zhuoyue , Shang Luoran , Zhao Yuanjin
Published: July 2021

Structural color materials have existed in nature for millions of years. Natural polymers constitute biological structural colors and provide an excellent resource for fabricating artificial structural color materials. Through either “top‐down” or “bottom‐up” methods, natural polymers could be processed into intricate micro/nano‐structures and show unique photonic features; the resultant materials and devices find applications in a wide range of fields, including optical display, sensing, anti‐counterfeiting, organ‐on‐a‐chip, microcarriers, etc. In this review, the latest progress about structural color materials generated from natural polymers is provided. After introducing typical polymers involved in the biological structural coloration, artificial structural color materials derived from natural polymers, including their biomimetic design, fabrication, and application are summarized. The remaining challenges and future research prospects of this remarkable field are also discussed. It is believed that this review would accelerate the development of biomimetics, optics, and materials science.
Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes as an Innovative Approach for Treating Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Cabral Fernanda V. , Lian Cheng , Persheyev Saydulla , Smith Terry K. , Ribeiro Martha S. , Samuel Ifor D. W.
Published: July 2021

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) has been studied as a noninvasive therapy for treating cutaneous leishmaniasis to overcome challenges with current treatment, such as toxicity, resistance, and need for in‐patient hospital treatment. Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) have emerged as an attractive technology that can provide wearable light‐emitting materials that are conformable to human skin. This makes OLEDs ideal candidates for APDT by light‐bandages for ambulatory care. In this work, suitable OLEDs are successfully developed to match the absorbance of three photosensitizers: methylene blue, new methylene blue, and 1,9‐dimethyl‐methylene blue to inactivate two Leishmania species in vitro: Leishmania major and Leishmania amazonensis. Parasites are treated either by LED (20 mW cm−2) or OLED (6.5 mW cm−2) at increasing photosensitizer concentrations at a radiant exposure of 50 J cm−2. 1,9‐Dimethyl‐methylene blue is the most potent photosensitizer, killing both strains at nanomolar concentrations. The effect of different intensities from the OLEDs (0.7, 1.5, and 6.5 mW cm−2) are also explored and it is shown that effective killing of Leishmania occurs even at a very low intensity. These findings demonstrate the great potential of OLEDs as a new approach for ambulatory treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis by APDT.
Manipulation of Ultrafast Nonlinear Optical Response Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance
Authors: He Yonglin , Yang Weimin , Shih Tien‐Mo , Wang Jingyu , Zhang Dumeng , Gao Min , Jiao Fangfei , Zeng Yue , Yang Jing‐Liang , Pang Junhong , Gao Renxian , Sun Guoya , Li Ming‐De , Li Jian‐Feng , Yang Zhilin
Published: July 2021

Due to the existence of surface plasmon resonances, enormous nonlinear optical effects are generated by plasmonic nanostructures, leading to the trend in which these nanostructures have gradually become ideal platforms for all‐optical manipulations. Here, it is discovered that an anomaly of the relationship between the sample reflectance and the pump‐light polarization angle occurs at the localized surface plasmons mode. Relatively, normal relationships exist at the interband transition and the propagating surface plasmon polaritons mode. Furthermore, electrical‐field enhancements are intentionally acquired by solely keeping either the pump beam or the probe beam on, so that the anomaly‐governing mechanism is identified as the aggregation of hot electrons within the probe‐detected sensitivity zone. The discovery of this anomaly and the associated mechanism can be applied to ultrafast all‐optical communications, computing, and the design of photonics‐related devices.
Quad‐Band Transmissive Metasurface with Linear to Dual‐Circular Polarization Conversion Simultaneously
Authors: Li Zhuo Yue , Li Si Jia , Han Bo Wen , Huang Guo Shuai , Guo Ze Xu , Cao Xiang Yu
Published: July 2021

Metasurface is a momentous periodic or aperiodic microstructure which has capabilities in controlling polarization of electromagnetic waves. To realize polarization controlling, many microstructures have been designed to achieve the function. However, multi‐band linear to dual‐circular polarization converter is rarely proposed and designed in the last few years. Here, a quad‐band dual‐circular transmissive metasurface (QCT‐MS) is proposed to manipulate polarization of transmissive wave. QCT‐MS is designed as a three‐layer microstructure, with substrate in the middle and two metal patches in the shape of bi‐symmetrical arrow on both sides. The proposed microstructure manipulates linear polarization waves to dual‐circular polarization waves in different frequency bands with x‐polarized or y‐polarized incident waves. The experimental and simulated results reveal that left‐hand circularly polarized waves can be realized in 3.14–3.32, 4.41–4.46, and 14.82–16.05 GHz while the right‐hand circularly polarized waves can be achieved from 9.45 to 10.12 GHz for QCT‐MS with x‐polarized incidences. Moreover, the simulated results also demonstrate its characteristics of wide‐angle transmission and periodic changes. The proposed transmissive metasurface can be utilized in multiband communication and multifunctional dual‐circularly polarized antenna systems.
Simulation on Effects of Injection Parameters on CO2 Enhanced Gas Recovery in a Heterogeneous Natural Gas Reservoir
Authors: Fan Ling , Tan Qizhi , Li Hangyu , Xu Jianchun , Wang Xiaopu , Liu Shuyang
Published: July 2021

CO2 enhanced gas recovery (CO2‐EGR) is a promising technology to extract additional natural gas from depleted reservoirs with storing CO2 into underground formations. This work conducted CO2‐EGR simulations in a heterogeneous gas reservoir by using isothermal and non‐isothermal models and systematically analyzed the effects of various CO2 injection parameters on natural gas recovery, CO2 storage, and their comprehensive benefits. The results indicate that the CO2 injection well should be perforated in the lower position, whose overlaid layers with low permeability hinder the upward migration of CO2, and the larger natural gas recovery and CO2 storage can be achieved simultaneously for better comprehensive benefits. The optimal injection rate is 137.29 m3·d−1 to achieve the highest recovery factor of 64.87%. The decrease in injection temperature and the increase in injection pressure are averse to the enhancement of recovery but beneficial to larger CO2 storage. The comprehensive benefits of natural gas recovery and CO2 storage are insensitive to the change of injection pressure and temperature, despite that every single one of them is more subjective to injection pressure than temperature. It's hoped that the findings of this work provide some theoretical guidance for the application of CO2‐EGR.
In Situ Investigation of the Motion Behavior of Graphene on Liquid Copper
Authors: Wang Luyang , Ding Yu , Wang Xiaozheng , Lai Runze , Zeng Mengqi , Fu Lei
Published: July 2021

The in situ investigation of the dynamic growth process and novel assembly phenomena of graphene on liquid copper (Cu) is of great significance to deeply understand the special behavior of graphene and self‐assembly mechanism. Here, the direct observation of the graphene growth and motion behavior on liquid Cu via in situ imaging is reported. Evidence of graphene movement on liquid Cu is offered and it is demonstrated that the translation and rotation behaviors of graphene are affected by the surface condition of liquid Cu. The self‐assembly process of graphene array is also revealed by capturing the dynamic changes of graphene in real‐time. Further analysis highlights the importance of surface energy of liquid Cu and the interaction between graphene building blocks during the self‐assembling process. The growth parameters are also investigated to flexibly control the assembly configuration of graphene arrays. This work provides an insight into the mechanism of graphene motion and assembly behavior that can be used to guide the controllable manipulation of 2D materials and on‐demand fabrication assembly structures with desired properties.
Multiplexing Methods for Simultaneous Large‐Scale Transcriptomic Profiling of Samples at Single‐Cell Resolution
Authors: Cheng Junyun , Liao Jie , Shao Xin , Lu Xiaoyan , Fan Xiaohui
Published: July 2021

Barcoding technology has greatly improved the throughput of cells and genes detected in single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) studies. Recently, increasing studies have paid more attention to the use of this technology to increase the throughput of samples, as it has greatly reduced the processing time, technical batch effects, and library preparation costs, and lowered the per‐sample cost. In this review, the various DNA‐based barcoding methods for sample multiplexing are focused on, specifically, on the four major barcoding strategies. A detailed comparison of the barcoding methods is also presented, focusing on aspects such as sample/cell throughput and gene detection, and guidelines for choosing the most appropriate barcoding technique according to the personalized requirements are developed. Finally, the critical applications of sample multiplexing and technical challenges in combinatorial labeling, barcoding in vivo, and multimodal tagging at the spatially resolved resolution, as well as, the future prospects of multiplexed scRNA‐seq, for example, prioritizing and predicting the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in patients of different gender and age are highlighted.
Magnetized melamine‐modified polyacrylonitrile (PAN@melamine/Fe3O4) organometallic nanomaterial: Preparation, characterization, and application as a multifunctional catalyst in the synthesis of bioactive dihydropyrano [2,3‐c]pyrazole and 2‐amino‐3‐cyano 4H‐pyran derivatives
Authors: Hassanzadeh‐Afruzi Fereshte , Dogari Haniyeh , Esmailzadeh Farhad , Maleki Ali
Published: July 2021

An efficient magnetic polymer‐based nanomaterial was prepared in three main steps including synthesis of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), modification of PAN with melamine, and magnetization of the PAN@melamine compound by in situ construction of Fe3O4 MNPs. The novel PAN@melamine/Fe3O4 organometallic nanocomposite was well characterized by various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) curve. Afterward, the fabricated nanocomposite was used as a heterogeneous catalyst in two multicomponent reactions (MCRs) for the synthesis of biologically active dihydropyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazole and 2‐amino‐3‐cyano 4H‐pyran derivatives. The corresponding products were obtained in excellent yields without a complicated work‐up process. Besides, the prepared nanocatalyst could be recycled and reused at least five consecutive runs in both MCRs without a considerable decline in its catalytic activity.
Bioinspired cobalt molecular electrocatalyst for water oxidation coupled with carbon dioxide reduction
Authors: Yin Xiaomeng , Zhang Shifu , Wang Jinmiao , Li Jingjing , Chen Fangfang , Yao Shuo , Fan Yuhua , Wang Mei
Published: July 2021

To mimic photosynthesis in green plants, it is a crucial challenge to drive water oxidation and CO2 reduction in one single system. In this study, we present a bioinspired trinuclear pyridinedicarboxylate cobalt complex (Et3NH)2[CoIII2CoII(OH2)(pda)5]·H2O (1) that is capable of homogeneously electrocatalytic water oxidation and CO2 reduction simultaneously. The designed mix‐valent cobalt complex is in a V‐configuration composed of two terminal CoIII ions and one central CoII ion coordinated with one water ligand, which is resemble to aqua ligation of the natural catalytic complex in oxygen‐evolving complex (OEC). The electrochemical results show that this trinuclear cobalt complex could electrocatalyze water oxidation under neutral condition at the potentials of 1.15 V and 2.00 V versus NHE, with the Faraday efficiency as high as about 96% and 82%, and the TOF of 2.22 and 10.20 s−1, respectively. Meanwhile, it also displays electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of CO2 to CO with the TOF of 0.93 s−1. The cobalt complex has good catalytic performance for the conversion of H2O and CO2 into O2 and CO, respectively, which may be mainly due to the key role of the flexible water ligand on the central CoII ion in the catalytic process. This work represents the first multinuclear cobalt complex for mimicking bio‐system to drive water oxidation coupled with carbon dioxide reduction simultaneously.
Effect of formaldehyde precursor and water inhibition in dimethoxymethane synthesis from methanol over acidic ion exchange resins: mechanism and kinetics
Authors: Peláez Raquel , Marín Pablo , Ordóñez Salvador
Published: July 2021

A systematic comparison of the use of trioxane and depolymerized paraformaldehyde as formaldehyde precursors for the acetalization of methanol to dimethoxymethane was performed, using the acidic ion exchange resin, Amberlyst 15, as catalyst. Experiments were carried out under isothermal conditions in batch and continuous fixed‐bed reactors. The influence of the main operating parameters, temperature (80–120 °C), space time (2.7–6.2 kg h m−3), and feed concentration (12–22 wt% of trioxane/formaldehyde, 2.5 wt% of water on methanol) on reaction rate and product selectivity were evaluated. When using trioxane as reactant, dimethoxymethane is the main reaction product, with more than 90% selectivity. The catalyst was found to be stable during all the experiments (more than 30 h on stream). However, water caused a reversible inhibitory effect on reaction rate, which can be accounted for by using a competitive adsorption model. A mechanistic kinetic model was proposed and validated using the experimental results. When trioxane is used as reactant, its decomposition to formaldehyde was found to be the rate‐limiting step of the reaction mechanism (activation energy 73.1 kJ mol−1). This was confirmed with additional experiments, in which trioxane was replaced by depolymerized formaldehyde. In this case, reaction rate considerably increased. © 2021 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Increasing physical activity and analyzing parametrically the effects on stereotypy in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Goldman Kissel J. , DeLeon Iser G. , Schieber Elizabeth , Weinsztok Sarah C. , Nicolini Gina
Published: July 2021

A diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and stereotypy engagement is associated with reduced physical activity (PA). Beyond health benefits, researchers have also reported decreases in stereotypy and corresponding increases in on‐task behavior in individuals with ASD following PA. However, the duration of reported PA varies among studies examining these effects and the persistence of any effect is not well understood. Furthermore, no previous study examining these effects has reported difficulty evoking adequate durations of PA. The purposes of this study were to (1) develop an intervention to increase PA engagement, (2) analyze changes in stereotypy and on‐task behavior following PA, and (3) assess persistence of changes as a function of PA duration. Four participants with ASD were observed for 10 min before, between 1 and 15 min during, and 30 min following PA. Results demonstrated that some duration of PA decreased stereotypy and increased on‐task behavior for most participants.
The prognostic performance of the log odds of positive lymph nodes in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A population study of the US SEER database and a Chinese single‐institution cohort
Authors: Zhang Hongdian , Xiao Wanyi , Ren Peng , Zhu Kai , Jia Ran , Yang Yueyang , Gong Lei , Yu Zhentao , Tang Peng
Published: July 2021

Background

The purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic performance of the log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) value compared with the pathological N stage and lymph node ratio (LNR) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Method

In total 1144 patients diagnosed with ESCC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and 930 patients from our validation cohort were eligible. Kaplan–Meier plotter and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were conducted to investigate the prognostic value of the N stage, LNR stage, and LODDS stage. The homogeneity, discriminatory ability, and monotonicity of these variables were evaluated using the linear trend χ2 test, likelihood ratio χ2 test, Akaike information criterion (AIC), and consistency index (C‐index) to determine the potential superiorities.

Results

The prognostic LODDS cutoff values were determined to be −1.49 and −0.55 (p < 0.001). Univariate analyses showed significant association among the N, LNR, and LODDS stages and overall survival of the patients (all p < 0.001). Multivariate analyses confirmed that the LODDS stage remained an independent prognostic indicator in both the SEER database and our validation cohort. Subgroup analyses identified the ability of LODDS stage to distinguish heterogeneous patients within various groups in both independent databases. Furthermore, the model with the highest C‐index and smallest AIC value was the one incorporating the LODDS stage among the three investigated nodal classifications of both cohorts.

Conclusion

The novel LODDS stage demonstrated better prognostic performance than the traditional N or LNR stages in ESCC patients. It can serve as an auxiliary factor to improve prognostic performance and can be applied to evaluate the lymph node status to increase the precision of staging and evaluation of survival.
Evaluation of an E. coli Cell Extract Prepared by Lysozyme‐Assisted Sonication via Gene Expression, Phage Assembly and Proteomics
Authors: Falgenhauer Elisabeth , von Schönberg Sophie , Meng Chen , Mückl Andrea , Vogele Kilian , Emslander Quirin , Ludwig Christina , Simmel Friedrich C.
Published: July 2021

Over the past decades, starting from crude cell extracts, a variety of successful preparation protocols and optimized reaction conditions have been established for the production of cell‐free gene expression systems. One of the crucial steps during the preparation of cell extract‐based expression systems is the cell lysis procedure itself, which largely determines the quality of the active components of the extract. Here we evaluate the utility of an E. coli cell extract, which was prepared using a combination of lysozyme incubation and a gentle sonication step. As quality measure, we demonstrate the cell‐free expression of YFP at concentrations up to 0.6 mg/mL. In addition, we produced and assembled T7 bacteriophages up to a titer of 108 PFU/mL. State‐of‐the‐art quantitative proteomics was used to compare the produced extracts with each other and with a commercial extract. The differences in protein composition were surprisingly small between lysozyme‐assisted sonication (LAS) extracts, but we observed an increase in the release of DNA‐binding proteins for increasing numbers of sonication cycles. Proteins taking part in carbohydrate metabolism, glycolysis, amino acid and nucleotide related pathways were found to be more abundant in the LAS extract, while proteins related to RNA modification and processing, DNA modification and replication, transcription regulation, initiation, termination and the TCA cycle were found enriched in the commercial extract.
Sphaeropsidin A: A Pimarane Diterpene with Interesting Biological Activities and Promising Practical Applications
Authors: Masi Marco , Evidente Antonio
Published: July 2021

Sphaeropsidin A (SphA) is a tetracyclic pimarane diterpene, first isolated as the main phytotoxin produced by Diplodia cupressi the causal agent of a severe canker disease of Italian cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.). It was also produced, together with several analogues, by different pathogenic Diplodia species and other fungi and showed a broad array of biological activities suggesting its promising application in agriculture and medicine. The anticancer activity of SphA is very potent and cell specific. Recent studies have revealed its unique mode of action. This minireview reports the structures of SphA and its family of natural analogues, their biosynthetic origins, their fungal sources, and biological activities. The preparation of various SphA derivatives is also described as well as the results of structure‐activity relationship (SAR) studies and on their potential practical applications.
Polymer‐free Biolimus‐A9 coated thin strut stents for patients at high bleeding risk 1‐year results from the LEADERS FREE III study
Authors: Eberli Franz R. , Stoll Hans‐Peter , Urban Philip , Morice Marie‐Claude , Brunel Philippe , Maillard Luc , Lipiecki Janus , Cook Stephane , Berland Jacques , Hovasse Thomas , Carrie Didier , Schütte Diana , Slama Sara Sadozai , Garot Philippe
Published: July 2021

Background

In patients at high bleeding risk (HBR), the LEADERS FREE (LF) trial established the safety and efficacy of a polymer‐free drug coated (Biolimus‐A9) stainless steel stent (SS‐DCS) with 30 days of dual antiplatelet treatment (DAPT). In LEADERS FREE III, we studied a new cobalt‐chromium thin‐strut stent (CoCr‐DCS) in HBR patients.

Methods

The CoCr‐DCS shares all of the design features of the SS‐DCS but has a CoCr stent platform with strut thickness of 84–88 μm. The primary safety endpoint was a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), and definite/probable stent thrombosis. The primary efficacy endpoint was clinically indicated target lesion revascularization. Outcomes were compared to those of LF (non‐inferiority to SS‐DCS for safety and superiority to SS‐BMS for efficacy). Additional propensity‐matched comparisons were performed to account for baseline differences.

Results

We recruited 401 HBR patients using identical criteria to the LF trial. At 1 year, the primary safety endpoint was reached by 31/401 (8.0%) of patients treated with the CoCr‐DCS versus 35/401 (8.9%) for the propensity‐matched cohort (HR: 0.89, [0.55–1.44], p < 0.001 for non‐inferiority, 0.62 for superiority). The efficacy endpoint was reached by 16/401 (4.2%) of CoCr‐DCS patients versus 41/401 (10.6%) in the propensity‐matched cohort (HR: 0.4 [0.2:0.7]) (p = 0.007 for superiority). There was no statistical difference between CoCr‐DCS and SS‐DCS in terms of efficacy (HR: 1.46 [0.68–3.15], p = 0.33).

Conclusions

The new thin‐strut CoCr‐DCS proved non‐inferior to the SS‐DCS for safety, and superior to the BMS for efficacy in HBR patients treated with 30 days of DAPT.
Regioselective asymmetric bioreduction of trans‐4‐phenylbut‐3‐en‐2‐one by whole‐cell of Weissella cibaria N9 biocatalyst
Authors: Kalay Erbay , Şahin Engin
Published: July 2021

There is a considerable interest in the asymmetric production of chiral allylic alcohols, the main building blocks of many functional molecules. The asymmetric reduction of α,β‐unsaturated ketones is difficult with traditional chemical protocols in a regioselective and stereoselective manner. In this study, the reductive capacity of whole cell of Leuconostoc mesenteroides N6, Weissella paramesenteroides N7, Weissella cibaria N9, and Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides N13 was investigated as whole‐cell biocatalysts in the enantioselective reduction of (E)‐4‐phenylbut‐3‐en‐2‐one (1). The biocatalytic reduction of 1 to (S,E)‐4‐phenylbut‐3‐en‐2‐ol ((S,E)‐2) using the whole cell of W. cibaria N9 isolated from Turkish sourdough was developed in a regioselective fashion, occurring with excellent conversion and recovering the product in good yield. In biocatalytic reduction reactions, the conversion of the substrate and the enantiomeric excess (ee) of the product are significantly affected by optimization parameters such as temperature, agitation rate, pH, and incubation time. Effects of these parameters on ee and conversion were investigated comprehensively. In addition, to our knowledge, this is the first report on production of (S,E)‐2 using whole‐cell biocatalyst in excellent yield, conversion with enantiopure form and at gram scale. These findings pave the way for the use of whole cell of W. cibaria N9 for challenging higher substrate concentrations of different α,β‐unsaturated ketones for regioselective reduction at industrial scale.
A new outlook and a model of reactions in porous media
Authors: Otarod Masood , Supkowski Ronald M.
Published: July 2021

A novel method based on cup‐mixing concentration and superficial velocity is presented for the analysis of reactions in isothermal fixed‐bed reactors. It is founded on experimentally observed profiles of concentration and velocity so as to preserve the heterogeneity of a reaction system. The domain of application of the model includes reaction systems at lower Reynolds numbers and Péclet numbers of less than 700 with a void fraction of for which the ratio of the bed‐length‐to‐particle diameter to particle Péclet number exceeds .