bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
S‐1 eliminates MDSCs and enhances the efficacy of PD‐1 blockade via regulation of tumor‐derived Bv8 and S100A8 in thoracic tumor
Authors: Nguyen Na T. , Mitsuhashi Atsushi , Ogino Hirokazu , Kozai Hiroyuki , Yoneda Hiroto , Afroj Tania , Sato Seidai , Nokihara Hiroshi , Shinohara Tsutomu , Nishioka Yasuhiko
Published: October 2022

Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been known to play a pivotal role in the induction of immune tolerance, which limits the benefits of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Recent studies revealed that several chemotherapeutic agents decreased tumor‐infiltrating MDSCs. Therefore, combination therapy with cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents and ICIs was approved for first‐line treatment for lung cancer. However, the impact of chemotherapeutic agents on MDSCs and an optimal partner of ICIs has not been fully investigated in thoracic tumors, including lung cancer and malignant pleural mesothelioma. In the present study, we found that treatment with 5‐FU and its oral formulation, S‐1, suppressed tumor progression and inhibited the accumulation of MDSCs in thoracic tumor‐bearing mice. Tumor‐infiltrating T cells and dendritic cells were significantly expanded in S‐1‐treated mice. 5‐FU suppressed the ability of tumor cells to recruit MDSCs, while it did not suppress the survival and differentiation of mouse MDSCs in vitro. We also revealed that 5‐FU or S‐1 significantly downregulated the expression of tumor‐derived Bv8 and S100A8. The knockdown of Bv8 or S100A8 in tumor cells suppressed tumor growth and MDSC recruitment in vivo. Furthermore, in comparison with pemetrexed, administration of S‐1 improved the synergistic therapeutic efficacy of anti‐PD‐1 antibodies with or without carboplatin. Our findings revealed a novel mechanism wherein S‐1 primed a favorable tumor microenvironment to provide the rationale for combination therapy with S‐1 and ICIs as the optimal therapy for thoracic cancer.
Phosphatase‐independent role of phosphatase of regenerating liver in cancer progression
Authors: Funato Yosuke , Hashizume Osamu , Miki Hiroaki
Published: October 2022

Phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL) is a family of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) that are anchored to the plasma membrane by prenylation. They are frequently overexpressed in various types of malignant cancers and their roles in cancer progression have received considerable attention. Mutational analyses of PRLs have shown that their intrinsic phosphatase activity is dispensable for tumor formation induced by PRL overexpression in a lung metastasis model using melanoma cells. Instead, PRLs directly bind to cyclin M (CNNM) Mg2+ exporters in the plasma membrane and potently inhibit their Mg2+ export activity, resulting in an increase in intracellular Mg2+ levels. Experiments using mammalian culture cells, mice, and C. elegans have collectively revealed that dysregulation of Mg2+ levels severely affects ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels as well as the function of Ca2+‐permeable channels. Moreover, PRL overexpression altered the optimal pH for cell proliferation from normal 7.5 to acidic 6.5, which is typically observed in malignant tumors. Here, we review the phosphatase‐independent biological functions of PRLs, focusing on their interactions with CNNM Mg2+ exporters in cancer progression.
Relationships between hope, optimism, and conservation engagement
Authors: Dean Angela J. , Wilson Kerrie A.
Published: October 2022

The loss and degradation of nature can lead to hopelessness and despair, which may undermine engagement in conservation actions. Emerging movements, such as that behind the organization Conservation Optimism, aim to avert potential despair of those involved in conservation. Some argue that fostering positive states, such as hope or optimism, can motivate engagement and action; however, others question whether fostering hope or optimism may inadvertently undermine perceived gravity of conservation challenges. We examined this issue by quantifying dispositional hope and optimism with a representative sample of Australians (n = 4285) and assessing their relationship with indicators of conservation engagement. We used the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) in Australia as a case study. We asked participants what they could do to help the GBR, then classified their responses into 2 outcome variables: identifying climate actions (i.e., actions that tackle the main threat to the reef) and identifying plastic actions (i.e., actions that are popular among community members). We also quantified likelihood of performing these actions and appraisals of both threats and actions. One dimension of hope, hope pathways (defined by Snyder's hope theory as knowing different ways to act), was associated with greater capacity to identify climate‐related behaviors (odds ratio [OR] = 1.44) and plastic reduction behaviors (OR = 1.22) and greater likelihood of adopting climate‐related actions (β = 0.20). Optimism was associated with recognition of plastic reduction behaviors only (OR = 1.22). Neither hope nor optimism undermined appraisal of conservation threats. The effects of optimism were mediated by reduced action futility, and effects of hope pathways were mediated by stronger perceptions of threats to the reef (threat appraisal) and confidence in performing useful actions (coping appraisal). Our findings suggest that dispositional hope can strengthen, rather than undermine, appraisal of conservation challenges and solutions and thereby increase conservation engagement.
Recognizing reflexivity among conservation practitioners
Authors: Pienkowski Thomas , Kiik Laur , Catalano Allison , Hazenbosch Mirjam , Izquierdo‐Tort Santiago , Khanyari Munib , Kutty Roshni , Martins Claudia , Nash Fleur , Saif Omar , Sandbrook Chris
Published: October 2022

When deciding how to conserve biodiversity, practitioners navigate diverse missions, sometimes conflicting approaches, and uncertain trade‐offs. These choices are based not only on evidence, funders’ priorities, stakeholders’ interests, and policies, but also on practitioners’ personal experiences, backgrounds, and values. Calls for greater reflexivity—an individual or group's ability to examine themselves in relation to their actions and interactions with others—have appeared in the conservation science literature. But what role does reflexivity play in conservation practice? We explored how self‐reflection can shape how individuals and groups conserve nature. To provide examples of reflexivity in conservation practice, we conducted a year‐long series of workshop discussions and online exchanges. During these, we examined cases from the peer‐reviewed and gray literature, our own experiences, and conversations with 10 experts. Reflexivity among practitioners spanned individual and collective levels and informal and formal settings. Reflexivity also encompassed diverse themes, including practitioners’ values, emotional struggles, social identities, training, cultural backgrounds, and experiences of success and failure. Reflexive processes also have limitations, dangers, and costs. Informal and institutionalized reflexivity requires allocation of limited time and resources, can be hard to put into practice, and alone cannot solve conservation challenges. Yet, when intentionally undertaken, reflexive processes might be integrated into adaptive management cycles at multiple points, helping conservation practitioners better reach their goals. Reflexivity could also play a more transformative role in conservation by motivating practitioners to reevaluate their goals and methods entirely. Reflexivity might help the conservation movement imagine and thus work toward a better world for wildlife, people, and the conservation sector itself.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection of a duodenal lesion by using a novel adjustable traction device: A‐TRACT‐2
Authors: Masgnaux Louis‐Jean , Jacques Jérémie , Pioche Mathieu
Published: October 2022

Watch a video of this article.
Egestion rates of microplastic fibres in fish scaled to in situ concentration and fish density
Authors: Hou Loren , McNeish Rachel , Hoellein Timothy J.
Published: October 2022

Microplastics (particles <5 mm) are commonly found in aquatic organisms across taxonomic groups and ecosystems. However, the egestion rate of microplastics from aquatic organisms and how egestion rates compare to other rates of microplastic movement in the environment are sparsely documented.

We fed microplastic fibres to round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus), an abundant, invasive species in the Laurentian Great Lakes. We conducted two trials where round gobies were fed microplastic‐containing food either a single time (1 day) or every day over 7 days.

There was no difference in microplastic egestion rates from the 1 day or 7 day feeding trials, suggesting no impact of duration of exposure on egestion (exponential decay rate = −0.055 [±0.016SE] and −0.040 [±0.007SE], respectively). Turnover time of microplastics (i.e., average time from ingestion to egestion) in the gut ranged from 18.2 to 25.0 hr, similar to published values for other freshwater taxa.

We also measured microplastics in the digestive tracts of round gobies collected directly from Lake Michigan, U.S.A. Using published values for round goby density and microplastic concentration at the study sites, we calculated areal egestion rate by round gobies (no. particles m–2 day–1), and compared it to riverine microplastic export (no. particles m–2 day–1). Both area‐based rates were of the same order of magnitude, suggesting that round goby egestion could be an important, and potentially overlooked component of microplastic dynamics at the ecosystem scale.

Animal egestion is well‐known as a major component of nutrient and carbon cycling. However, direct measurements of microplastic fluxes in the environment that include animal egestion rates are uncommon. An ecosystem ecology approach is needed to meet the emerging challenge of generating microplastic budgets for freshwater environments and elsewhere, thereby informing management and mitigation of plastic pollution at a global scale.
TBK1 inhibitors enhance transfection efficiency by suppressing p62/SQSTM1 phosphorylation
Authors: Tsuchiya Megumi , Kong Weixia , Hiraoka Yasushi , Haraguchi Tokuko , Ogawa Hidesato
Published: October 2022

DNA transfection is an essential technique in the life sciences. Non‐viral transfection reagents are widely used for transfection in basic science. However, low transfection efficiency is a problem in some cell types. This low efficiency can be primarily attributed to the intracellular degradation of transfected DNA by p62‐dependent selective autophagy, specifically by p62 phosphorylated at the S403 residue (p62‐S403‐P). To achieve efficient DNA transfection, we focused on a phosphorylation process that generates p62‐S403‐P and investigated whether inhibition of this process affects transfection efficiency. One of the kinases that phosphorylate p62 is TBK1. The TBK1 gene depletion in murine embryonic fibroblast cells by genome editing caused a significant reduction or loss of p62‐S405‐P (equivalent to human S403‐P) and enhanced transfection efficiency, suggesting that TBK1 is a major kinase that phosphorylates p62 at S403. Therefore, TBK1 is a viable target for drug treatment to increase transfection efficiency. Transfection efficiency was enhanced when cells were treated with one of the following TBK1 inhibitors BX795, MRT67307, or amlexanox. This effect was synergistically improved when the two inhibitors were used in combination. Our results indicate that TBK1 inhibitors enhanced transfection efficiency by suppressing p62 phosphorylation.
Digital headache self‐management interventions for patients with a primary headache disorder: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Noser Amy E. , Gibler Robert C. , Ramsey Rachelle R. , Wells Rebecca E. , Seng Elizabeth K. , Hommel Kevin A.
Published: October 2022

Objective

This article systematically reviews the empirical literature examining the efficacy of digital headache management interventions for patients with a primary headache disorder.

Background

Digital headache management interventions provide opportunities to improve access to behavioral headache interventions to underserved groups.

Methods

A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO (PsycInfo, Education Research Complete, ERIC, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection) and reference review was conducted. Included studies had to recruit a sample with a primary headache diagnosis, be a randomized controlled trial including a digital component, assess a headache outcome (i.e., frequency, duration, severity, intensity, disability) or quality of life, and be published in English. Two authors independently extracted data for included studies. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool.

Results

Thirteen studies with unique interventions met inclusion criteria. More than half of the studies were pilots; however, nearly 70% (9/13) demonstrated significant between‐group or within‐group improvements on one or more headache‐related outcomes. All interventions included some form of relaxation training and the majority were delivered via interactive website. While fewer than half the studies report participant race and/or ethnicity, of those that do, 83% (5/6) reported a predominately White/Caucasian sample.

Conclusions

Efficacy testing of digital headache interventions is in its infancy with the majority of these studies relying on pilot studies with small samples comprised of homogenous patient populations. Interactive websites were the most common digital medium to deliver digital headache management interventions and have demonstrated promising results. Further testing using large‐scale randomized controlled trials and exploration of other digital tools is warranted. Future studies with more diverse samples are needed to inform health equity of digital headache interventions.
The effect of a childbirth preparation program including posture correction and stretching movements on lordosis and lumbar pain
Authors: Khalegi Tahereh , Nourizadeh Roghaiyeh , Sattarzadeh‐Jahdi Niloufar , Salahzadeh Zahra , Saadi Roghaiyeh , Khalegi Rasoul
Published: October 2022

Aim

The study aimed at evaluating the effect of posture correction and stretching movements on lordosis and lumbar pain in pregnant women.

Background

An increased lumbar lordosis during pregnancy is considered one of the most common causes of lumbar pain.

Methods

This quasi‐experimental study was performed on 66 pregnant women referred to health centers in Tabriz, Iran, from November 2020 to June 2021. The participants were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received training of posture correction movements and stretching exercises during pregnancy from 16 to 18 to 35–37 weeks of pregnancy in six sessions for 45–60 min. The data were collected using a flexible ruler and a visual analog scale. Independent t‐tests, repeated measures ANOVA, and ANCOVA tests were used.

Results

The mean (standard deviation: SD) of lumbar lordosis increased from 45.12 (2.07) to 54.97 (2.20) in the intervention group at 35–37 weeks and changed from 44.28 (2.03) to 55.54 (3.39) in the control group at 35–37 weeks (adjusted mean difference: −1.24, 95% confidence interval: −2.48 to −0.005, P = 0.04). The mean (SD) of lumbar pain at 28–30 weeks was 2.80 (1.72) in the intervention group and 3.74 (2.23) in the control group (P = 0.09). However, the mean (SD) of lumbar pain at 35–37 weeks in the intervention group 4.38 (2.45) was significantly lower than that in the control group 5.83 (2.96) (P = 0.04).

Conclusion

This study provides evidence for the potential health benefits of training posture correction and stretching movements on controlling lumbar lordosis and reducing lumbar pain during pregnancy.
Helper innate lymphoid cells as cell therapy for cancer
Authors: Magnusson Fay C. , Bahhar Ilham
Published: October 2022

Although the first cancer immunotherapy was given in the clinic more than a century ago, this line of treatment has remained more of a distant goal than a practical therapy due to limited understanding of the tumour microenvironment and the mechanisms at play within it, which led to failures of numerous clinical trials. However, in the last two decades, the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor‐T cell therapies have revolutionized the treatment of cancer and provided proof‐of‐concept that immunotherapies are a viable option. So far, immunotherapies have majoritarily focused on utilizing T cells; however, T cells are not autonomous but rather function as part of, and therefore are influenced by, a vast cast of other immune cells, including innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Here, we summarize the role of ILCs, especially helper ILCs, in tumour development, progression and metastasis, as well as their potential to be used as immunotherapy for cancer. By reviewing the studies that used helper ILCs as adoptive cell therapy (ACT), we highlight the rationale behind considering these cells as novel ACT for cancer as well as identify open questions and areas for future research.
Effects of patient deaths by suicide on clinicians working in mental health: A survey
Authors: Croft Alison , Lascelles Karen , Brand Fiona , Carbonnier Anne , Gibbons Rachel , Wolfart Gislene , Hawton Keith
Published: October 2022

In the UK, at least a quarter of suicides occurs in patients whilst under the care of mental health services. This study investigated the effects of such deaths on non‐medical mental health clinicians. An online survey was conducted within a single NHS mental health Trust to elicit both quantitative and qualitative responses from staff across a range of professions. The survey focused on personal and professional impacts and available support. Participants reported significant negative emotional and professional effects that were long‐lasting for some. These included mental health difficulties, loss of confidence regarding clinical responsibilities, and actual or contemplated career change. However, there was also some evidence of positive effects and professional growth. Support from colleagues and line managers is clearly important following deaths of patients by suicide. Clinicians' experiences of the support they had received in the workplace were polarized, suggesting that there is no single nor ideal approach that will meet everyone's needs. Participants made recommendations for the types of support that may be helpful. Most commonly, clinicians desired opportunities for focused reflection and support and help with the formal processes following the death. Sensitivity around how clinicians are notified about the death was highlighted as being particularly important. Conclusions are drawn as to how training institutions and employers can help staff to be better prepared for the potential occurrence of patient suicides and the formal processes that follow, with a view to mitigating risks of more serious harm to staff and hence indirectly to patients, and potential loss of highly trained clinicians to the workforce.
The emergence of smart service ecosystems—The role of socio‐technical antecedents and affordances
Authors: Herterich Matthias M. , Dremel Christian , Wulf Jochen , vom Brocke Jan
Published: October 2022

As physical products are increasingly augmented with digital technology, manufacturing firms have become part of the development of so‐called smart products and smart services. As such, manufacturing firms are challenged by new market participants and ecosystem partners, particularly from the software development industry, and by the dynamic nature of business relationships. While the academic literature on the distinctive characteristics of ecosystems, particularly digital ecosystems, is rich, the effect of smart service ecosystems' emergence on the foundation of smart products remains uncertain. This study reports on case study research based on 47 semi‐structured interviews with four companies that participate in an industrial smart service ecosystem. Taking an affordance‐theoretic perspective, we uncover the antecedents of and the process of emergent smart service ecosystems. We find that smart service ecosystems have three socio‐technical antecedents: a shared worldview, structural flexibility and integrity, and architecture of participation. We explain the emergence of smart service ecosystems as the result of specialisation in shared affordances and integration of idiosyncratic affordances into collective affordances. We derive seven propositions regarding the emergence of smart services, outline opportunities for further research, and present practical guidelines for manufacturing firms.
Influence of size disorder parameter on the thermophysical properties of rare‐earth‐zirconate medium‐entropy ceramics
Authors: Wei Mingyue , Xu Jie , Zhu Jiatong , Yang Runwu , Meng Xuanyu , Zhang Ping , Yang Jinlong , Gao Feng
Published: October 2022

Inspired by the concept of entropy stabilization, a series of rare‐earth‐zirconate medium‐entropy ceramics were designed. The influence of size disorder parameter on the mechanical and thermophysical properties of rare‐earth‐zirconate medium‐entropy ceramics was investigated. The results show that the prepared rare‐earth‐zirconate medium‐entropy ceramics exhibit single pyrochlore structure, and the lattice constant is linearly related to the average doped rare‐earth ionic radius. The scanning electron microscope‐energy‐dispersive spectroscopy results indicate the uniform distribution of doped rare‐earth elements. The rare‐earth‐zirconate medium‐entropy ceramics have relative density above 98.1% with high mechanical properties (HV ∼ 10.0 GPa, KⅠ ∼ 2.50 MPa m0.5, and E0 ∼ 220 GPa). (La1/3Eu1/3Gd1/3)2Zr2O7 medium‐entropy ceramics with a larger (4.36%) present relatively high thermal expansion coefficients (10.93 ×310−6 K−1, 1200°C) and low thermal conductivity (1.57–1.58 W/(m K), 100–500°C). These results suggest that the prepared rare‐earth‐zirconate medium‐entropy ceramics can be used as a new type of thermal insulation materials.
Effect of esophageal cooling on ablation lesion formation in the left atrium: Insights from Ablation Index data in the IMPACT trial and clinical outcomes
Authors: Leung Lisa W. M. , Akhtar Zaki , Elbatran Ahmed I. , Bajpai Abhay , Li Anthony , Norman Mark , Kaba Riyaz , Sohal Manav , Zuberi Zia , Gallagher Mark M. ,   on behalf of the IMPACT Study Group
Published: October 2022

Introduction

The IMPACT study established the role of controlled esophageal cooling in preventing esophageal thermal injury during radiofrequency (RF) ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). The effect of esophageal cooling on ablation lesion delivery and procedural and patient outcomes had not been previously studied. The objective was to determine the effect of esophageal cooling on the formation of RF lesions, the ability to achieve procedural endpoints, and clinical outcomes.

Methods

Participants in the IMPACT trial underwent AF ablation guided by Ablation Index (30 W at 350–400 AI posteriorly, 40 W at ≥450 AI anteriorly). A blinded 1:1 randomization assigned patients to the use of the ensoETM® device to keep esophageal temperature at 4°C during ablation or standard practice using a single‐sensor temperature probe. Ablation parameters and clinical outcomes were analyzed.

Results

Procedural data from 188 patients were analyzed. Procedure and fluoroscopy times were similar, and all pulmonary veins were isolated. First‐pass pulmonary vein isolation and reconnection at the end of the waiting period were similar in both randomized groups (51/64 vs. 51/68; p = 0.54 and 5/64 vs. 7/68; p = 0.76, respectively). Posterior wall isolation was also similar: 24/33 versus 27/38; p = 0.88. Ablation effect on tissue, measured in impedance drop, was no different between the two randomized groups: 8.6Ω (IQR: 6–11.8) versus 8.76Ω (IQR: 6–12.2; p = 0.25). Arrhythmia recurrence was similar after 12 months (21.1% vs. 24.1%; 95% CI: 0.38–1.84; HR: 0.83; p = 0.66).

Conclusions

Esophageal cooling has been shown to be effective in reducing ablation‐related thermal injury during RF ablation. This protection does not compromise standard procedural endpoints or clinical success at 12 months.
The metabolic syndrome and its components as prognostic factors in colorectal cancer: A meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Lu Bo , Qian Jia‐Ming , Li Jing‐Nan
Published: October 2022

Background and Aim

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), and the impact of MetS on CRC prognosis remains controversial after the diagnosis of CRC has been established. This study aimed to explore the impact of the individual components and synergies of MetS on the prognosis of patients with CRC.

Methods

We searched articles published before August 3, 2022, in four databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect. The random‐effects model inverse variance method was used to estimate the summarized effect size.

Results

Patients with CRC with MetS were 1.342 times more likely to experience all‐cause mortality than those without MetS, and the 95% confidence interval (CI) of hazard ratio (HR) was 1.107–1.627 (P = 0.003). CRC‐specific mortality in patients with CRC with MetS was 2.122 times higher than in those without MetS, and the 95% CI of HR was 1.080–4.173 (P = 0.029). CRC‐specific mortality exhibited an increasing trend of risk with increased metabolic risk factors. The HR of CRC‐specific mortality for one, two, and three metabolic risk factors was 1.206 (95% CI, 1.034–1.407; P = 0.017), 1.881 (95% CI, 1.253–2.824; P = 0.002), and 2.327 (95% CI, 1.262–4.291; P = 0.007), respectively.

Conclusions

Metabolic syndrome increased all‐cause and CRC‐specific mortality in patients with CRC. As a single component of MetS, diabetes mellitus increased overall mortality in patients with CRC, while obesity increased CRC‐specific mortality in patients with CRC, with a significant difference from non‐MetS. Moreover, the risk of CRC‐specific mortality increased with increasing number of metabolic risk factors.
Microbiome and metabolome in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Upadhyay Khushboo G , Desai Devendra C , Ashavaid Tester F , Dherai Alpa J
Published: October 2022

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic gastrointestinal disease of unknown etiology, involving complex interactions between the gut microbiome and host immune response. The microbial dysbiosis is well documented in IBD and significantly influences the host metabolic pathways. Thus, a metabolomic fingerprint resulting from the influence of gut dysbiosis in IBD could aid in assessing the disease activity. PubMed, Medline, Science Direct, and Web of Science were searched for studies exploring the association between microbiome and metabolome in IBD patients in the last 5 years. Additionally, references of cited original articles and reviews were further assessed for relevant work. We provide a literature overview of the recent metabolomic studies performed on patients with IBD. The findings report alterations in the metabolite levels of these patients. We also discuss the gut dysbiosis observed in IBD and its influence on host metabolic pathways such as lipids, amino acids, short‐chain fatty acids, and others. IBD, being a chronic idiopathic disease, requires routine monitoring. The available non‐invasive markers have their limitations. The metabolite changes account for both dysbiosis and its influence on the host's immune response and metabolism. A metabolome approach would thus facilitate the identification of surrogate metabolite markers reflecting the disease activity.
A new approach to etching low‐carbon microalloyed steels to reveal prior austenite grain boundaries and the dual‐phase microstructure
Authors: Rodriguez‐Galeano Karol F. , Romano‐Acosta Luis F. , Palmiere Eric J. , Rainforth W. Mark
Published: October 2022

A modification to picric acid solutions has been undertaken to reveal the prior‐austenite grain boundaries in microalloyed steels as a result of elemental segregation. It has been found the maximum addition of sodium dodecyl sulphate plus hydrochloric acid to fully reveal both the prior austenite grain boundaries and the final post‐processed structures in these steels.
A Theory‐Based Analysis of Null Causality between HRM Practices and Outcomes: Evidence from Four‐Wave Longitudinal Data
Authors: Ogbonnaya Chidiebere , Daniels Kevin , Messersmith Jake , Rofcanin Yasin
Published: October 2022

The last three decades have seen a growing interest in understanding the influence of human resource management (HRM) practices on employee job satisfaction and organizational performance. While the results have been generally positive, most studies have utilized cross‐sectional research designs, which limit causal inferences. Recently, several studies have used longitudinal data but have not consistently found significant causal links between HRM practices and outcomes after controlling for past outcomes. This points to a tension in the literature that merits further investigation. Drawing on general systems theory (GST), we explore this issue by proposing and testing a set of null causal relationships involving HRM practices, organizational performance (i.e., patient satisfaction), and job satisfaction. We show that average scores on HRM practices and outcomes remain relatively stable at the organizational level over time, such that any observed within‐organization change is likely negligible or non‐significant. Using four‐wave longitudinal data (with two, four, and six‐year time lags) from the public healthcare sector, we argue that the causal links between HRM practices and outcomes are indeed sensitive to the forces of dynamic equilibrium operating within a highly institutionalized context. We use GST to highlight the self‐sustaining nature of HRM systems and discuss the ramifications of this stability for strategic HRM research and practice.
Influence of genetic polymorphisms on mechanical pain sensitivity and endogenous pain modulation of trigeminal and spinal areas
Authors: Soares Flávia Fonseca Carvalho , Ferreira Dyna Mara Araújo Oliveira , Raimundini Amanda Ayla , Dionísio Thiago José , dos Santos Carlos Ferreira , Conti Paulo César Rodrigues , Costa Yuri Martins , Bonjardim Leonardo Rigoldi
Published: October 2022

Background

Previous evidence indicates significant association between genetic polymorphisms and phenotypes related to pain sensitivity in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Despite the important advances in cataloguing diverse factors such as sleep disorders, anxiety and depression, the interrelated mechanisms of painful TMD aetiopathogenesis still need investigation.

Objectives

This case–control study aimed to evaluate the influence of genetic polymorphisms (rs6296, rs6295, rs1799971, rs4680, rs4633, rs4818) and psychosocial factors on the mechanical pain sensitivity and endogenous pain modulation in women with painful TMD and asymptomatic controls.

Methods

We evaluated six independent variables: anxiety levels, depression, stress, sleep quality, pain catastrophising and genetic polymorphisms, and four dependent variables: mechanical pain threshold (MPT), pressure pain threshold (PPT), wind‐up ratio (WUR) and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) collected at masseter (trigeminal) and hand (spinal) areas in a sample of 95 painful TMD patients and 85 controls. A regression model was used to test the possible effect of the independent variables on dependent variables.

Results

The regression model was significant for MPT (F11,168 = 9.772; R2 = .390). Painful TMD diagnoses and sleep quality were associated with trigeminal MPT (B coefficient = −.499; and B coefficient = −.211, respectively). WUR was associated with rs6295 and rs6746030, respectively, for the spinal and the trigeminal area.

Conclusion

Genetic polymorphisms had a slight contribution to endogenous pain modulation as indicated by the significant association with WUR but did not contribute to mechanical pain sensitivity. On the other hand, the presence of painful TMD and the sleep quality contributed significantly to mechanical pain sensitivity.
Geographical Representation Under a Single Nationwide District: The Case of the Netherlands
Authors: Nagtzaam Marijn , Louwerse Tom
Published: October 2022

Previous studies have demonstrated the common occurrence of constituency focus in parliamentary questions, which is most often attributed to electoral incentives. If an electoral system makes use of a single nationwide district, however, these district‐oriented electoral incentives do not apply. MPs may still substantively represent a geographical region, because they are motivated to stand up for a specific region for other reasons. This article explores the extent to which Dutch MPs pay attention in parliamentary questions and debates to specific regions. We find that those with stronger ties to a region, and especially MPs who reside in a region, are more likely to mention it in parliamentary questions and speeches. In addition, we find that this effect is stronger for provinces where regional attachment among residents is relatively stronger.
When I say … health equity
Authors: Ward Maranda C. , Ganjoo Rohini
Published: October 2022

Ward and Ganjoo outline a definition of health equity to note its importance for clinical practice, teaching, research and community‐engagement.
Optimal location planning of electric bus charging stations with integrated photovoltaic and energy storage system
Authors: Liu Xiaohan , Liu Xiaoyue , Zhang Xingying , Zhou Yirong , Chen Jianli , Ma Xiaolei
Published: October 2022

This study presents a novel bus charging station planning problem considering integrated photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage systems (PESS) to smooth the carbon‐neutral transition of transportation. This paper illustrates a two‐stage stochastic programming model capturing the uncertainty of PV power outputs and designs a step‐wise solution approach in which a conventional charging station location problem is solved in the first step and an improved L‐shaped algorithm is developed in the second step to determine charging station locations with PESS. The numerical experiments indicate that the step‐wise solution approach can provide high‐quality solutions within acceptable computational time. A case study is performed using a real‐world transit network in Beijing, China, with 34 bus routes and 15 candidate bus charging stations. Compared with the benchmark model, both recharging cost and carbon emission are reduced considerably. This paper provides novel insights into the development of integrated transportation and renewable energy systems.
How universal is preference for visual curvature? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chuquichambi Erick G. , Vartanian Oshin , Skov Martin , Corradi Guido B. , Nadal Marcos , Silvia Paul J. , Munar Enric
Published: October 2022

Evidence dating back a century shows that humans are sensitive to and exhibit a preference for visual curvature. This effect has been observed in different age groups, human cultures, and primate species, suggesting that a preference for curvature could be universal. At the same time, several studies have found that preference for curvature is modulated by contextual and individual factors, casting doubt on this hypothesis. To resolve these conflicting findings, we conducted a systematic meta‐analysis of studies that have investigated the preference for visual curvature. Our meta‐analysis included 61 studies which provided 106 independent samples and 309 effect sizes. The results of a three‐level random effects model revealed a Hedges’ g of 0.39—consistent with a medium effect size. Further analyses revealed that preference for curvature is moderated by four factors: presentation time, stimulus type, expertise, and task. Together, our results suggest that preference for visual curvature is a reliable but not universal phenomenon and is influenced by factors other than perceptual information.
OPT‐ing out: Root−shoot dynamics are caused by local resource capture and biomass allocation, not optimal partitioning
Authors: Robinson David
Published: October 2022

Combining plant growth analysis with a simple model of local resource capture and biomass allocation applied to exemplary experimental data, showed that dynamic changes in allocation to roots when nutrients are scarce is caused by disparities in growth rates between roots and shoots. Whole‐plant growth rates also change but are not caused by an adaptive allocation response. Allocation and whole‐plant growth rate are interdependent, not independent, traits. Following a switch in nutrient availability or partial biomass removal, convergence of allocation and growth rate trajectories does not reflect goal‐seeking behaviour, but the constraints imposed by finite resource availability. Optimal root−shoot allocations are unnecessary to maximise whole‐plant growth rate. Similar growth rates are attainable with different allocations. Changes in allocation cannot maintain or restore a superior whole‐plant growth rate. Roots and shoots do not have to be tightly coordinated but can operate semiautonomously, as their modular construction permits. These findings question the plausibility of the prevailing general explanation of plants' root‐shoot allocation responses, ‘optimal partitioning theory’ (OPT). Local allocation models, not OPT, explain the origins of variability in root−shoot trade‐offs in individuals, the allocation of biomass at global and ecosystem scales and inform selection for allocation plasticity in crop breeding.
Collective practical knowledge is a fragmented interrogative capacity
Authors: Habgood‐Coote Joshua
Published: October 2022

What does it take for a group of people to know how to do something? An account of collective practical knowledge ought to be compatible with the linguistic evidence about the semantics for collective knowledge‐how ascriptions, be able to explain the practicality of collective knowledge, be able to explain both the connection between individual and collective know‐how and the possibility of a group knowing how to do something none of its members know, and be applicable to a suitably wide range of groups. In this paper I develop a view which can meet all of these desiderata, which combines a Fragmented account of collective knowledge (Habgood‐Coote, 2019a), with the view that practical knowledge is an Interrogative Capacity (Habgood‐Coote, 2019b).
Outlaw epistemologies: Resisting the viciousness of country music's settler ignorance
Authors: Meissner Shelbi Nahwilet , Huebner Bryce
Published: October 2022

Settler colonial imaginaries are constructed through the repeated, intergenerational layering of settler ecologies onto Indigenous ecologies; they result in fortified ignorance of the land, Indigenous peoples, and the networks of relationality and responsibility that sustain co‐flourishing. Kyle Whyte (2018) terms this fortification of settler ignorance vicious sedimentation. In this paper, we argue that Outlaw Country music plays important roles in sedimenting settler imaginaries. We begin by clarifying the epistemic dimensions of vicious sedimentation. We then explore specific cases where Outlaw Country songs function as epistemic scaffolding for maintaining and preserving deeply sedimented settler imaginaries. Finally, we conclude by considering ways of using country music as epistemic scaffolding for constructing resistant epistemologies, through the processes of trickster hermeneutics (Vizenor, 1999) and epistemic chronostratigraphy.
Association between PTSD and Impedance Cardiogram‐based contractility metrics during trauma recall: A controlled twin study
Authors: Sheikh Shafa‐at Ali , Perez Alday Erick A. , Rad Ali Bahrami , Levantsevych Oleksiy , Alkhalaf Mhmtjamil , Soudan Majd , Abdulbaki Rami , Haffar Ammer , Smith Nicholas L. , Goldberg Jack , Bremner J. Douglas , Vaccarino Viola , Inan Omer T. , Clifford Gari D. , Shah Amit J.
Published: October 2022

Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an independent risk factor for incident heart failure, but the underlying cardiac mechanisms remained elusive. Impedance cardiography (ICG), especially when measured during stress, can help understand the underlying psychophysiological pathways linking PTSD with heart failure. We investigated the association between PTSD and ICG‐based contractility metrics (pre‐ejection period (PEP) and Heather index (HI)) using a controlled twin study design with a laboratory‐based traumatic reminder stressor. PTSD status was assessed using structured clinical interviews. We acquired synchronized electrocardiograms and ICG data while playing personalized‐trauma scripts. Using linear mixed‐effects models, we examined twins as individuals and within PTSD‐discordant pairs. We studied 137 male veterans (48 pairs, 41 unpaired singles) from Vietnam War Era with a mean (standard deviation) age of 68.5(2.5) years. HI during trauma stress was lower in the PTSD vs. non‐PTSD individuals (7.2 vs. 9.3 [ohm/s2], p = .003). PEP reactivity (trauma minus neutral) was also more negative in PTSD vs. non‐PTSD individuals (−7.4 vs. −2.0 [ms], p = .009). The HI and PEP associations with PTSD persisted for adjusted models during trauma and reactivity, respectively. For within‐pair analysis of eight PTSD‐discordant twin pairs (out of 48 pairs), PTSD was associated with lower HI in neutral, trauma, and reactivity, whereas no association was found between PTSD and PEP. PTSD was associated with reduced HI and PEP, especially with trauma recall stress. This combination of increased sympathetic activation and decreased cardiac contractility combined may be concerning for increased heart failure risk after recurrent trauma re‐experiencing in PTSD.
Challenging preservice teachers thinking about school science education with a values and knowledge education (VaKE) experience
Authors: Marangio Karen , Cooper Rebecca
Published: October 2022

Science preservice teachers (PSTs), as successes of the school system, often mimic what they experienced as a student when they start teaching, which can be problematic if they never experienced science taught in contextualized ways. Since not all school students report that they find school science relevant, it is important to provide opportunities for PSTs to consider ways to connect science teaching and learning in more relevant ways for their students' lives. Values and knowledge education (VaKE), is a student‐centered pedagogical approach, that uses dilemma stories and a series of purposeful steps to combine values education with knowledge education, provides such an opportunity. This qualitative study investigated secondary science PSTs views on the ways a VaKE experience challenged their assumptions about school science to support their future development as quality teachers of science, and the extent to which PSTs feel confident, able and likely to use VaKE as a teaching strategy in their future teaching of science. VaKE, an innovative pedagogy, provided a powerful and novel learning experience for almost all PSTs, by challenging and inspiring them to critically reflect on their own schooling and expand their pedagogical knowledge for teaching science in the future.
Multisource spatial data integration for use cases applications
Authors: Noardo Francesca
Published: October 2022

The reuse and integration of data give big opportunities, supported by the FAIR data principles. Seamless data integration from heterogenous sources has been an interest of the geospatial community for a long time. However, 3D city models, building information models, and information supporting smart cities present higher semantic and geometrical complexity, which pose new challenges never tackled in a comprehensive methodology. Building on previous theories and studies, this article proposes an overarching workflow and framework for multisource (geo)spatial data integration. It starts from the definition of use case‐based requirements for the integrated data, guides the analysis of integrability of the involved datasets, suggesting actions to harmonize them, until data merging and validation. It is finally tested and exemplified in a case study. This approach allows the development of consistent, well‐documented, and inclusive data integration workflows, for the sake of use case automation in various geospatial domains and the production of interoperable and reusable data.
The compound effect of irradiation and familial pseudohyperkalemia on potassium leak from red blood cells
Authors: Meli Athinoula , Linger Rachel , Stevens‐Hernandez Christian J. , Gyongyver Gyorffy , Marks Denese C. , Aung Htet Htet , Tan Joanne C. G. , Cardigan Rebecca , Bruce Lesley J. , New Helen V.
Published: October 2022

Background

Familial pseudohyperkalemia (FP) is a rare asymptomatic condition characterized by an increased rate of potassium leak from red blood cells (RBC) on refrigeration. Gamma irradiation compromises RBC membrane integrity and accelerates potassium leakage. Here, we compared the effect of irradiation, applied early or late in storage, on FP versus non‐FP RBC.

Study Design

Five FP and 10 non‐FP individuals from the National Institute for Health Research Cambridge BioResource, UK, and three FP and six non‐FP individuals identified by Australian Red Cross Lifeblood consented to the study. Blood was collected according to standard practice in each center, held overnight at 18–24°C, leucocyte‐depleted, and processed into red cell concentrates (RCC) in Saline Adenine Glucose Mannitol. On Day 1, RCC were split equally into six Red Cell Splits (RCS). Two RCS remained non‐irradiated, two were irradiated on Day 1 and two were irradiated on Day 14. RBCs were tested over cold storage for quality parameters.

Results

As expected, non‐irradiated FP RCS had significantly higher supernatant potassium levels than controls throughout 28 days of storage (p < .001). When irradiated early, FP RCS released potassium at similar rates to control. When irradiated late, FP RCS supernatants had higher initial post‐irradiation potassium concentration than controls but were similar to controls by the end of storage (14 days post‐irradiation). No other parameters studied showed a significant difference between FP and control.

Discussion

FP does not increase the rate of potassium leak from irradiated RBCs. Irradiation may cause a membrane defect similar to that in FP RBCs.
The effect of institutions on the foreign direct investment‐growth nexus: What matters most?
Authors: Li Chengchun , Tanna Sailesh , Nissah Baseerit
Published: October 2022

This paper examines the extent to which host‐country institutions influence the relationship between inward foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth. We develop a theoretical model to analyse how different types of institutions condition the FDI‐growth relationship and use various institutional proxies to conduct threshold estimations on panel data for 51 developed and developing countries over the period 1991–2016. Our results consistently reveal a robust, contingent effect of political stability on the FDI‐growth nexus, suggesting that, among all the institutional factors considered, the absence of civil conflict or violence in the host economy is most critical in terms of yielding both direct and indirect growth‐enhancing benefits associated with technology transfer and spillover effects from FDI inflows. This finding is pertinent to both developed and developing countries, although the threshold level of political stability required to achieve sizeable growth benefits from FDI tends to be lower for developing countries.