bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Sources of
Ambient Aerosol in India During 2001-2015: A Review
Authors: Sahu R.K. , Pervez S. , Matawle J.L. , Bano S. , Pervez Y.F.
Published: November 2019

From the last few decades, the studies related to source apportionment of airborne particulate matter (PM) have gain more attention among global scientific community including India. The outcomes from these studies are utilized for better and effective policy design to control pollution level. However, these source apportionment results have been shown much divergence for India due to differences in sampling technique, analytical methods, selection of source maker chemical species, and application
of mathematical and statistical methods, etc. So, this review presents the trends and advancement of ambient PM2.5 and PM10 particles source apportionment studies for special perspective of India for better understanding of these above highlighted issues. The ambient PM2.5 and PM10 source investigations related earlier research articles and reports from various regulatory agencies which published between the years of 2000 to 2015 for India were selected and categorized into three plateau regions for review. Few studies were carried out with source apportionment centered objectives for ambient PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentration and maximum reported studies were confined to address aerosol mass concentration and its chemical characterization to evaluate spatiotemporal variation. Higher number of data were reported for the Indo-Gangetic plain (IGP) region during the year of 2005 to 2007 with the annual average range from 56.2 to 136 μg m-3 and 134 to 306 μg m-3 for PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. The annual average for ambient PM2.5 and PM10 levels has been raised about 50 % and 14%, respectively during the first fifteen years of 21st century in Indian environment. The carbonaceous matter (TC) has been found as the major component of PM mass in Indian environment. The carbonaceous matter was reported as major abundant species which was about > 50 % of PM2.5 mass concentration with OC/EC ratio > 1. The distribution of different PM2.5 chemical components were reported to be 7 ± 15 %, 1 ± 3 %, 46 ± 49 %, 34 ± 24 % and 12 ± 9%, for crustal elements (Al, Ca, Fe, Na, Mg, Si), trace elements (Cr, Zn, Ni, Cu, Cd and Pb), ionic (Na+, NH4+, Cl−, NO3− and SO4 2−) and carbonaceous matter fractions, respectively. The following six major contributing sources for ambient
PM2.5 pollution in India have been found during the assessment period i.e. road traffic emissions as the major contributor, followed by marine aerosols/sea salt, crustal, industrial emissions, secondary aerosols and biomass burning emissions.
α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Phenolic Rich Extracts
Obtained from the Seeds of Melastoma saigonense (Kuntze) Merr.
Authors: Prajudtasri Nutthamon , Nontakitticharoen Mongkol , Anguravirutt Sujint
Published: November 2019

The aim of this study was to perform a phytochemical analysis of Melastoma saigonense seed extracts and to determine their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The extracts from seeds of M. saigonense indicated that the total phenolic content was in the range between 233.46 and 967.22 mg GAE/g DE, whereas the flavonoids content was in the range between 359.96 and 850.84 mg QE/g DE. The present study of antidiabetic inhibitory activity by in vitro α-glucosidase revealed that the crude extracts using
ethyl acetate (EA), butanol (BU) and final aqueous residue extracts (AQ) exhibited a strong α-glucosidase inhibitory effect (IC50 4.42-11.95 μg/mL). The ethyl acetate and butanol extracts of seeds of Melastoma saigonense (Kuntze) Merr. were further fractionated by silica gel column chromatography into four fractions (EAF1−EAF4) and five fractions (BUF1−BUF5), respectively and their bioactivities were investigated. The nine fractions exhibited significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (p < 0.05) with an IC50 between 3.42-34.77 μg/mL which is less than the IC50 for standard acarbose (IC50 = 507.26 μg/mL). Among all the fractions, BUF1 and EAF1 exhibited high inhibitory
activity against α-glucosidase with BUF1 showing the highest inhibitory activity (IC50 = 3.42 μg/mL). The dominant phenolic acids were sinapic, gallic, ferrulic, syringic, gallic and caffeic acids and the prominent flavonoids were myricetin and quercetin. These findings suggest that the seeds of M. saigonense have potential as a source of antidiabetic agent (s).
Synthesis of Silica Gel Supported Amidoxime Ligand for Adsorption of Copper and Iron from Aqueous Media
Authors: Arshad Sazmal Effendi , Amin Zarina , Puah Perng Yang , Sarjadi Mohd Sani , Musta Baba , Rahman Md Lutfor
Published: November 2019

Organic-inorganic hybrid polymers have been demonstrated to be an efficient technique for the adsorption of pollutants present in water. Silica gel adsorbent has been applied in this field due to promising characters, such as thermally stable, reusability and high metal ion adsorption capacities. Here, silica gel supported acrylonitrile functional group (silica-APTS-DPN) was reacted with hydroxylamine to yield silica gel supported amidoxime ligand (SBA). All the functionalized silica gel adsorbents were characterized by FTIR. In terms of metal ions adsorption, SBA revealed good absorption capacities towards both copper (Cu2+) (172 mg g-1) and iron (Fe3+) (168 mg g-1) ions at pH 6 and
followed the order of Cu2+ > Fe3+. Increased pH condition was beneficial for both metal ions adsorption. The adsorption kinetics of both ions followed the pseudo-first-order model within 0-60 min of adsorption time. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were both applied to study the adsorption behaviour, Freundlich isotherm model (R2 > 0.99) proved to be a better fit, which propose that multilayer adsorption occurred on the silica gel grafted with amidoxime ligand. Finally, this study proved that the silica gel
supported amidoxime ligand was successfully applied as an absorbent for the removal of both copper and iron from aqueous media.
Fabrication of MgFe2O4-ZnO Nanocomposites for
Photocatalysis of Organic Pollutants under Solar Light Radiation
Authors: Shetty Krushitha , Prathibha B.S. , Rangappa Dinesh , Anatharaju K.S. , Nagaswarupa H.P. , Prashantha S.C.
Published: November 2019

MgFe2O4, ZnO and MgFe2O4-ZnO samples were successfully prepared through low temperature solution combustion route. The structural and morphological investigation were accomplished by PXRD, HRSEM, UV-visible and FTIR. The PXRD results point towards the reduced size of synthesized nanocomposites, which was further confirmed by HRSEM studies. Optical properties of the prepared samples were examined by UV-visible spectroscopy. The band gap seems to be widened for prepared nanocomposites compared to pure MgFe2O4. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under
sunlight was superior in contrast to pure MgFe2O4 and ZnO. MgFe2O4-ZnO (1:1) acts as the most effective photocatalyst activity compared to pure MgFe2O4 and ZnO. EIS data was proven to be an efficient tool for understanding the electronic properties for photocatalytic studies. The enhanced sunlight-driven photocatalytic activities of MgFe2O4-ZnO nanocomposite is supported by the factors such as quantization effect, band gap widening and efficient charge separation. MgFe2O4-ZnO showed excellent reusability with high photocatalytic efficiencies suggesting its suitability for solar
photocatalytic applications. Additionally, scavenging test was conducted to know the role of all active species during photoelectrocatalysis. This work presents a facile and effective route for the construction of MgFe2O4-ZnO nanocomposites with intriguing structures and multiple functions.
Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Ethanolic Extract of Tussilago
farfara L. Flowers: Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Terenzhev D. , Sharonova N. , Ermakova A. , Gumerova S. , Bushmeleva K. , Shumatbaev G. , Fitsev I. , Ponomareva A.S.
Published: November 2019

Tussilago farfara L. (Asteraceae) has a wide spectrum of biological reactivity, widely used in herbal medicine and has the potential for use in the agricultural sector. The ethanolic extract was obtained by maceration of freshly harvested flowers, followed by filtration of the extract and concentration with the help of a rotary evaporator. The chemical composition of ethanolic extract of Tussilago farfara L. was studied with the help of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method. It was found
that the ethanolic extract of Tussilago farfara L. had antimicrobial reactivity against human pathogens and phytopathogens (bacteria and fungi). The values of the minimal inhibiting, bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations varied in the range of 2500-5000 μg/mL. The phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria solani St108 was the most sensitive to the components of ethanolic extract of Tussilago farfara L. Moderate antioxidant properties of ethanolic extract of Tussilago farfara L. at concentrations of 0.001 mg/mL and higher were revealed with the help of chemiluminescence analysis.
Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination of Water and Cupscale Grass (Sacciolepisafricana) along the Epie Creek in Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Authors: Tarawou Timi , Erepamowei Young , Aigberua Ayobami
Published: November 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the concentration of three heavy metals; iron, chromium and lead in surface water and plant (Sacciolepisafricana) tissues along the Epie creek. This was aimed at determining the heavy metal loading of surface waters and the extent of bioaccumulation in the most prevalent grass species found growing within the river course. Metals were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Result of water analysis recorded the least and most significant iron concentrations of 3.42 ± 0.06 mg/L and 12.06 ± 0.06 mg/L for Agudama and Edepie axis respectively. Contrastingly, water samples showed chromium and lead levels which were below their instrument measurable limits. Consequently, lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) levels were within WHO permissible limits, while iron (Fe) exceeded regulatory standard for water samples collected from all field locations. Similarly, iron recorded elevated iron concentrations in plant (cupscale grass) with the least amount being revealed for Igbogene stem (196.63 ± 5.21 mg/kg), and the most concentration been reflected for Edepie root sample (9,423.17 ± 48.55 mg/kg). Even though iron levels prevalently exceeded recommended threshold in plants, the stem were mostly within limit for iron. The only grass sample depicting significant lead amount (0.34 mg/kg) was the stem section collected at Akenfa location. Evidently, metals were least stored in plant stems and most bioaccumulated in plant roots. Furthermore, Cr and Fe are the only significantly correlating metals in plants (r = 0.700, p < 0.01). Overall, the increasing level of Fe in the water environment is further indication of the impact of unregulated dumping of scraps and domestic waste along the creeks embankment.
Performed Ethnography: The Pedagogical Potential of Research-Informed Theatre
Authors: Billingham Susan
Published: November 2019

Abstract

This contribution takes as its point of departure the premise that despite recent efforts to build a more inclusive society, Canada as a nation has been founded by excluding certain groups from recognition as full citizens. This list of individuals includes the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or questioning, and two-spirit community. My article examines recent policy changes and pedagogical strategies which begin to redress the systemic and systematic marginalization of LGBTQ youth in high school education. In particular, I discuss the merits of using research-informed theatre to engage teachers, parents, school boards, government authorities and the wider community in debates about social justice and inclusion. The work of Tara Goldstein serves as a model for innovative research practices, applied theatre and creative pedagogy. I argue that Goldstein’s plays highlight the need for institutional change, curriculum reform and whole-school pedagogies in the struggle to achieve genuinely inclusive education.
Wisdom of the Elders: Canadian Reconciliatory Experience as an Insight on the Present
Authors: Soroski John
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Canada’s first two large historical encounters of recognition and work-in-progress accommodation of previously marginalized and alienated groups involved French Canada and newcomer Canadians. The third such engagement is now underway in response to the Indigenous peoples of Canada. While this endeavour is long overdue, there is reason for concern that the laudable enthusiasm of many for this project of reconciliation may be authorizing some policies, practices and discourses that conflict with and potentially undermine the values that informed and came out of previous inclusionary encounters. Three areas of concern arise. The first is the embrace of state deference in some instances to unlawful and sometimes violent forms of Aboriginal protest and resistance, undercutting the idea of the rule of law and of the value of the peaceful resolution of disputes. The second is the propensity to under critically over-authorize Indigenous cultural communities as sources of moral valuation, in ways that may undermine individuals’ dignity and well-being, as well as doing harm to the good of intra-cultural inclusiveness. The third is the related tendency to over-valorise Indigenous cultures and claims in ways that suggest symbolically and in practical terms the idea of the existence of morally first-class and morally second-class Canadians.
IS IT GOOD TO BE A HOLY FOOL
Authors: Zislin Josef
Published: November 2019

The review is focused on criticizing the article: “Is phenomenon «Fools-for Christ» the extraordinary psychological phenomenon or a mental disorder?“. It is shown that it is impossible to diagnose any religion phenomena outside the historical-anthropological context based upon on hagiographic descriptions only.
WHETHER A “MEASUREMENT” OF HUMAN FEELINGS IS A MEASUREMENT IN AN OPERATIONAL SENSE?
Authors: Zobin Mikhail L
Published: November 2019

The article points out that psychometric scaling based on self-assessment is not a measurement in the usual meaning and rank indicators should not be taken as numerical markers. Clarification of statistical procedures for different types of scaling is explained. The validity of the proposal to use death as a “solid” outcome indicator for universal evaluation of the effectiveness of antidepressants is questioned.
THE POSSIBILITY OF APPLYING FLURBIPROFEN IN PATIENTS WITH LUMBAR PAIN
Authors: Kamchatnov Pavel R , Chugunov Alexander V , Kazakov Alexey Yu
Published: November 2019

Lumbar pain (LP) is the most common form of musculoskeletal pain syndromes, the development of which is associated with significant financial costs. Treatment of LP patients is usually long-term, which increases the risk of undesirable side effects. The pharmacological effects of Flurbiprofen for treating patients with PB are considered.
Urbanização e fome: da gênese à popularização da situação alimentar urbana em Campinas (São Paulo, Brasil)
Authors: Cangiano Antipon Livia , Cataia Marcio Antonio
Published: November 2019

A cidade de Campinas, no estado de São Paulo, Brasil, caracteriza-se historicamente pela pujança econômica – influenciada pelo capital agrário, imobiliário e financeiro em sua formação urbana – e pela escassez alimentícia de sua população de mais baixa renda. Destaca-se na reprodução de seu espaço urbano, como resultado do intenso processo de aburguesamento e da vivencia da fome, uma situação alimentar urbana, que sinaliza para uma presença maciça de instituições alimentares, cujo fim seria, além de garantir a alimentação ao trabalhador, amenizar o mal da escassez e carestia de gêneros alimentícios de primeira necessidade na urbe.  Baseados em pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e empírica, destaca-se que no período entre 1850 e 2016, Campinas viveu importantes transformações urbanas que modificaram suas práticas alimentares. Observa-se que a fome na população pobre campineira tem raízes na racionalidade urbana, contexto no qual o espraiamento das periferias estimulou ainda mais o crescimento e popularização de um mercado de refeições prontas e baratas no núcleo central – abrigo histórico de trabalhadores precarizados, os famintos do mundo urbano campineiro.
Análise da interferência de nuvens na classificação de séries temporais MODIS-NDVI na região da Amazônia, municícpio de Capixaba, Acre
Authors: Salgado Cristiane Batista , Carvalho Junior Osmar Abílio de , Gomes Roberto Arnaldo Trancoso , Guimarães Renato Fontes
Published: November 2019

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar classificações de séries temporais MODIS-NDVI, com 3 diferentes algorítimos, buscando identificar a quantidade ideal de imagens para estudos em ambientes com altas taxas de nebulosidade. O recorte espacial utilizado para o estudo foi o município de Capixaba, localizado no Estado do Acre na região amazônica. Para cada imagem NDVI, construiu-se uma máscara de nuvem. Esta máscara permitiu organizar o cubo temporal por quantitativo de cobertura de nuvem. Assim, testou-se o impacto da eliminação das imagens com alta nebulosidade para a classificação da série. A cada corte, o cubo temporal foi refeito, avaliando resultados para um novo conjunto de bandas. Para a análise de acurácia, adotou-se o coeficiente Kappa. Ao todo foram feitas 84 classificações. Foram testados 3 algoritmos de classificação (Mínima Distância, Spectral Angle Maper e Spectral Correlation Mapper) e 4 diferentes interações entre classes e amostras. Observou-se que, ao longo do período analisado, aproximadamente 80% das imagens apresentaram cobertura de nuvens acima de 90%. Os testes mostraram que a retirada das imagens com nuvem, aumentou a qualidade da classificação, sendo que os melhores resultados foram encontrados em cubos pequenos (10 a 35 imagens) e com baixa cobertura de nuvem (0 a ~6 %). O algoritimo Mínima Distância apresentou o menor coeficiente de variação dentre os resultados encontrados, mostrando menor sensibilidade à presença de nuvens.
Art brut oder die Überwindung der Biomacht
Authors: Bogaczyk-Vormayr Małgorzata
Published: November 2019

In this comprehensive paper, I present the thesis that the clinical biopower—which means biopouvoir according to Michel Foucault—can be countered with the help of artistic ability. In this sense, the psychiatric clinic may turn into a space of inclusion, respect, and true self-unfolding. Following Jean Dubuffet, I give a definition of art brut and analyze some works of German and Austrian outsiders of the 20th century, who succeeded in overcoming life-crises, such as childhood poverty, experiences of war, psychical illness, or social ostracism. I match the biopolitical character of psychiatry clinics against the most recent ideas of art therapy. The remainder of the article is organized in four parts: (1) Introduction: Raw Art, (2) Alterity: Beyond of Normality and Pathology, (3) Talent for Sovereignty, (4) Conclusion: The Between.
Environment-assisted corrosion damage of steel bridges: a conceptual framework for structural integrity
Authors: Adasooriya Nirosha D. , Hemmingsen Tor , Pavlou Dimitrios
Published: November 2019

A framework is presented in this paper to assess the structural integrity of steel bridges for environment-assisted corrosion damage. Forms of corrosion of steel bridges and their effects, possible locations of occurrence, and most appropriate inspection techniques are first studied and the lessons learned from past steel bridge failures are discussed. A review of the corrosion damage of steel bridges, including causes, effects, and control measures, is presented along with guidelines for the recognition and investigation of environment-assisted cracking (EAC) of steel bridges. Experimental approaches are proposed to investigate the EAC of structural steel. The proposed approach is used to investigate the EAC susceptibility of cathodically protected ST52 steel. In addition, the feasibility of the proposed approach is tested. Hence, the conceptual framework is proposed. The framework aims to support the inspection and maintenance practices of steel bridges.
Design of Noise Filters for Integrating Time Delay Processes
Authors: Goud Ediga Chandramohan , Rao A. Seshagiri
Published: November 2019

In this research, a second order noise filter is designed for reducing the noise effect on PID controlled Integrating plus time delay (IPTD), Integrating plus first order plus time delay (IFOPTD), Double integrating plus time delay (DIPTD) processes. The second order noise filter time constant is designed based on an iterative approach, which is a function of loop gain crossover frequency (
{\omega _{gc}}) and a design parameter
\,\left( {{\beta }} \right). Based on the data obtained from an integrating process and the controller, the controller parameters are calculated using Optimal H2 -IMC based technique. The design parameter (
{{\beta }}) is selected as a compromise among robustness, performance and reduction of measurement noise. Simulation studies are carried out on different IPTD, IFOPTD and DIPTD processes to illustrate the amount of reduction of noise effect on process output and controller output. The effect is also calculated based on Integral Absolute Error (IAE), Integral Square Error (ISE) and Total Variance (TV) criteria by considering perfect and perturbations in the process parameters.
Die Macht der Interpretation
Authors: Poljakova Ekaterina
Published: November 2019

The article treats the problem of interpretation in its respect to reality by example of Umberto Eco’s moderate ‚realistic‘ position and his criticism of Friedrich Nietzsche, the “father” of postmodernism. Here the strongest arguments on both sides are evaluated: Eco’s “negative realism” pointing out the impossibility of some interpretations and Nietzsche’s thinking out the absolute absence of a privileged position proceeding from which it would be possible to unequivocally identify what is real. The article argues that the crucial point why some interpretations may prove to be stronger or weaker is best described in terms of the concept of power. One however should avoid misconceptions, since power itself is interpretation which nevertheless allows for the gradation of reality, the mobility of its horizons, their shifting and even their potential availability. A much-disputed question of prehistoric times as well as that of death as a limit of interpretability is inter alia included in the analysis. Both classical anti-realistic positions, such as that of Wittgenstein, and the argumentation of contemporary advocates of realism, such as Quentin Meillassoux, are taken into consideration.
Philosophie und Race als Identität
Authors: Alcoff Linda Martín
Published: November 2019

In her article, Alcoff argues for the need to examine the reality of race philosophically. According to Alcoff, liberal notions of universality as well as the postmodern critique of essentialism make it difficult to address race and its ongoing significance in social life. By engaging with authors like Charles W. Mills and Paul Gilroy, Alcoff aims to show that it is possible to develop an account of race as social and historical reality without essentializing the category of race.
Wir sind noch nie richtig Tier gewesen
Authors: Cojocaru Mara-Daria
Published: November 2019

Mary Midgley belongs to a small group of most inspiring women philosophers of the 20th and early 21st century. Her impressive oeuvre, characterised by an exceptionally clear and witty style, combines contributions to such different fields of philosophical inquiry as moral philosophy, philosophical anthropology, philosophy of science in general and of biology in particular, as well as philosophy of religion. With her early article “The Concept of Beastliness”, we have something like a germ cell of her philosophy, introducing a range of concerns that will remain central to her work. The commentary focuses on five of them, traces how they show up in later works of Midgley’s, and suggests how they could inform philosophizing about humans and (other) animals today. These are, first, Midgley’s adherence to the concept of ‘human nature’. Second, her insistence that a comparative, ethologically informed perspective on humans and (other) animals helps to refute myths about both the (generically understood) animal and the human animal. Third, her alerting us to the fact that concepts of ‘human nature’ always influence our moral self-understanding. Fourth, her focus on the positive, open instincts in humans like caring, friendship, loyalty, or sociality that exist not only alongside but in a complex interplay with negative, open instincts such as aggression, and the idea that both classes of instincts can be shaped to some extent. And, finally, her focus on the conditions of social life that are important for people to be able to structure their lives in meaningful ways.
Brief aus Mexiko
Authors: Leyva Gustavo
Published: November 2019

In this article, I propose to examine the origins and follow the process of the development of philosophy in Mexico, its periods, currents and most important features, and some of the problems that it is confronting in modern times. One of the guiding ideas that structure this reflection is that philosophy in Mexico has developed along the horizon of a series of economic, political and social events to which philosophy itself has attempted to respond but that, in a manner both simultaneous and decisive, have contributed to configuring philosophy itself. Among these events I would emphasize, first, the experience of the Mexican Revolution, but would add the experience of the Russian Revolution, World Wars I and II, the explosion of the atomic bomb and, later, the Cuban Revolution, the 1968 Student Movement in Mexico, the nuclear catastrophe in Chernobyl, the fall of the Berlin Wall and, more recently, the emergence of the Neo-Zapatista movement in the country, as well as the ecological disasters that characterized the 20th century. Nor can we ignore the great challenges that have emerged in recent decades due to the worldwide scourge of inequality, and the extensive migratory movements from poor countries to rich ones caused by the overwhelming force of diverse forms of political and religious fundamentalism, climate change and new forms and waves of violence on both the national and international levels. The recent development of philosophy in Mexico has been marked by growing professionalization and specialization and the formation of a solid community of philosophers with specialized journals that provide spaces for reasoned public discussion and debate that is subject to the argumentative constraints proper to the discipline and conforms to the criteria established by a community that finds itself coming into ever-closer contact with other philosophical communities in and beyond the Spanish-American world. However, and paradoxically, beside this emphasis on specialization, philosophy has lost some of its presence in the public space and grand national discussions and debates. As another central element of its discourse in recent decades we can mention the fact that, parallel to increasing specialization, philosophy in Mexico has been conducted, through its own development, towards greater interaction and dialogue with other sciences and disciplines, leading it to insert itself into a learning process that has allowed it to potentiate the development and advancement of philosophy itself.
Effects of the Fit between Size and Environmental Uncertainty on Manufacturing SMEs’ Innovation Activity
Authors: Kim Seung-Ho , Sawng Yeong-wha , Park Tae-Kyung
Published: November 2019

The importance of external environmental uncertainty and the size of the organization has long been a topic of much debate, but the findings remain mixed. In addition, few studies have investigated the effects of the fit between factors on an organizational innovation activity. The present study aims to examine the effects of the fit between SMEs’ size and environmental uncertainty on their innovation activity. Building on literature of organizational innovation and environments, a research model is developed and tested with 232 samples. Results indicate that only firm size affects SMEs’ innovation activity and the fit between firm size and environmental uncertainty has a positive effect on the innovation activity. The findings imply that SMEs should place particular emphasis on practices that can strengthen the fit between size and environmental turbulence so as to facilitate their innovation activity. Limitations and suggestions for future studies are presented.
L2-constructions that go together – more on valency constructions and learner language
Authors: Garibyan Armine , Balog Evelin , Herbst Thomas
Published: November 2019

This paper sets out to illustrate differences between learner language and the language of native speakers by a number of tests carried out with students of English at the Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg.

The first part of the experiment aims at testing knowledge of collocations: In order to compare to what extent combinations of certain words are stored in the constructica of native speakers and advanced learners of English, we used the test battery developed by Dąbrowska (2014): although, as was to be expected, on the whole, native speakers displayed a much greater competence at judging which combinations of words can be regarded as established collocations, interestingly, some learners outperformed some native speakers.

The second part of the project was designed to explore the number and types of different valency constructions informants produce on being provided with a verbal stimulus. It is very interesting to see that, given the stimulus wordcaught, for example, the non-native speakers would predominantly produce sentences withpolice, thief, murderer, suspectetc. which do not rank amongst the 50 top collexemes ofcaughtin the British National Corpus.

We would thus argue that an analysis of the words used in particular slots of argument structure constructions (i.e. the collexemes or itecxes) provides a useful means of characterizing the language of advanced learners and to underscore the importance of collo-phenomena in language teaching.
Denotational Incongruencies in TEFL: Cognitive linguistic solutions for a didactic problem
Authors: Jäkel Olaf
Published: November 2019

Denotational incongruencies as a contrastive phenomenon of lexical-semantic analyses have been described in various respects in Cognitive Linguistics (Jäkel 2001, 2003, 2010a, 2014). This contribution based on authentic evidence from theFlensburg English Classroom Corpus(FLECC) (Jäkel 2010b) is going to demonstrate that and how denotational incongruencies also affect foreign language teaching by creating problems of intercultural misunderstanding. The proposed approach to their comparative analysis can hopefully provide solutions.

Thus, German “Bitte” is not always English “Please”, just as “Seid ihr fertig?” does not always translate as “Are you ready?” It will be argued that and why the common label offalse friendsis insufficient in this context. Especially the types ofgranularity differentialand evencrosspiece incongruenciespose a didactic problem for teachers whose origin needs to be recognized.

First of all, the cognitive field-semantic analysis contributes to a differentiated recognition by the teacher. In a next step, cognitive linguistics can contribute motivated solutions for TEFL and its teaching methodology. In sum, this makes for a two-stageconsciousness raising enterprise: Teachers realize in how far denotational incongruencies interfere in their pupils’ foreign language learning. And they find appropriate methods to make their pupils aware of concrete cases of denotational incongruencies – an important ingredient for promoting intercultural communicative competence in foreign language teaching.
Metaphors in educational texts: A case study on history and chemistry teaching material
Authors: Goschler Juliana
Published: November 2019

It is by now a long established fact that academic and educational discourse (as any other kind of discourse) is full of metaphorical language. On the one hand, metaphors are part of educational discourse because of embodied metaphorical conceptualizations and therefore highly conventionalized and unconsciously used linguistic patterns (such as orientational metaphors like MORE IS UP or ontological metaphors like personifications), but on the other hand metaphors can also be used as a conscious teaching strategy in order to structure abstract things in terms of more concrete domains that are closer to direct experiences.

In my paper, I will show that certain subjects in school are characterized by educational texts using highly conventionalized metaphors that are most likely not even recognized as such, whereas in others metaphorical language is less frequent and much less evenly distributed among the text. Based on the analysis of educational texts from history and chemistry text books for schools, I will show that these different distribution patterns of metaphorical language in texts point to systematic differences styles of thinking and teaching in the humanities and the sciences.
Conflicting Evidence for Mental Schemas in Language Production and Processing
Authors: Schmitt Eleonore
Published: November 2019

This study examines the influence of mental schemas on language production and processing in German morphology. For the purposes of this study, mental schemas are defined as an association between a certain form and a function. It is argued that the so-called weak declension class of German masculine nouns is constructed around a mental schema: Prototypically, members of this class are polysyllabic nouns that are stressed on the penultimate syllable, end with a schwa, and refer to human beings (e.g.,Matróse‘sailor’). There is strong empirical evidence that this schema influences language production. However, language processing has not been studied so far. The study fills this gap using a self-paced reading task with pseudo-nouns to test the influence of mental schemas on reading times. While the study validates the effect of schemas on language production, no influence on language processing could be found.
Constructicography at work: implementation and application of the German Constructicon
Authors: Ziem Alexander , Flick Johanna
Published: November 2019

The paper introduces the implementation and application of the German Constructicon hosted at the University of Düsseldorf (www.german-constructicon.de). The ultimate goal of the German Constructicon Project (GCP) is not only to identify and describe oftentimes overlooked grammatical constructions, but also to offer comprehensive descriptions in a dictionary-like online repository. Based on constructicographic analyses of the construction family negating_connector, including geschweige denn (‘let alone’), the paper reports on the annotation categories and the computational work routine yielding construction entries.
Rock fracture initiation and propagation by mechanical and hydraulic impact
Authors: Stoxreiter Thomas , Wenighofer Robert , Portwood Gary , Pallesi Simone , Bertini Alessandro , Galler Robert , Grafinger Stephan
Published: November 2019

Rock fracture due to high-pressure fluid jetting and insert indentation was experimentally investigated. In the frame of this article, indentation designates the process of pressing a tungsten carbide insert (TCI) for roller cone bits displacement-controlled into the rock surface. Under atmospheric conditions, several crystalline and one sedimentary rock type were tested. Depending on the size, type and bonding of the mineral grains, distinct differences in fracture behaviour were observed. The influence of elevated ambient pressure regimes on the evolving cracks and fractures in the tested granite revealed that microcracking ceases with increasing ambient pressure, while the specific energy is also significantly affected. Under similar conditions, indentation experiments were performed on undamaged samples and on samples containing jetted kerfs. A distinct variation in the measured maximum force and removed volume indicated different underlying rock fracture mechanisms. By applying methods for crack visualization and three-dimensional rendering, it turned out that the dimensions of the kerf significantly affected the mechanism of fracture initiation and propagation as well as the extent of the associated fracture pattern. Furthermore, the common practice of characterizing the rock excavation process only via measurable quantities such as the specific energy, without considering the created fracture pattern, yields misleading results.
Vom Annex zum Atelier
Authors: Werner Meike G.
Published: November 2019

In 1960, two competing anthologies of modern poetry were published in an attempt to renew and internationalize German poetry: Günther Steinbrinker’s Panorama moderner Lyrik and Hans Magnus Enzensberger’s Museum der modernen Poesie. This essay argues that the success of Museum over Panorama was based on Enzensberger’s comparative approach to modernist poetry in the first half of the twentieth century as a “chrestomathy” (a textbook) for a “world language of poetry”. This chrestomathy also provided the blueprint for his own German-language poems, which he published the same year in a collection titled Landessprache.
Dating Sanskrit texts using linguistic features and neural networks
Authors: Hellwig Oliver
Published: November 2019

Deriving historical dates or datable stratifications for texts in Classical Sanskrit, such as the epics Mahābhārata and Rāmāyaṇa, is a considerable challenge for text-historical research. This paper provides empirical evidence for subtle but noticeable diachronic changes in the fundamental linguistic structures of Classical Sanskrit, and argues that Classical Sanskrit shows enough diachronic variation for dating texts on the basis of linguistic developments. Building on this evidence, it evaluates machine learning algorithms that predict approximate dates of composition for Sanskrit texts. The paper introduces the required background, discusses the relevance of linguistic features for temporal classification, and presents a text-historical evaluation of Book 6 of the Mahābhārata, whose historical stratification is disputed in Indological research.
Meta-Heuristic BPSO Based Voltage Profile Enhancement in Radial Distribution System Through Network Reconfiguration
Authors: Kannan Mounika , Sampath Kirithikaa , Pattabiraman Srividhya , Narayanan K , Senjyu Tomonobu
Published: November 2019

Abnormal Voltages in electrical distribution system is a threat to power system security and may cause equipment damages. Reconfiguration aids in the proper distribution of load and thus improving the voltage profile. The multi objective framework including node voltage deviation as primary objective and power loss and reliability as secondary objectives is formulated. The novel meta heuristic method based on binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) is employed to find the optimal radial distribution network configuration for an assortment of objective function. The effect of inertia weight, position and population of swarm is deeply investigated. The proposed method has been verified on IEEE 33 and 69 bus radial distribution systems and found to be effective in minimizing node voltage deviation. The impact of the reconfigured system on voltage deviation, power loss and reliability has been studied extensively. BPSO calculations are found to be simple and has good Convergence characteristics in comparison with other meta heuristic techniques.
Numerical Solution of Fractional Sine-Gordon Equation Using Spectral Method and Homogenization
Authors: Hasanpour Maryam , Behroozifar Mahmoud , Tafakhori Nazanin
Published: November 2019

In this paper, a new method for the numerical solution of fractional sine-Gordon (SG) equation is presented. Our method consists of two steps, in first step: the main equation is converted to a homogeneous one using interpolation. In second step: two-dimensional approximation of functions by shifted Jacobi polynomials is used to reduce the problem into a system of nonlinear algebraic equations. The archived system is solved by Newton’s iterative method. Our method is stated in general case on rectangular [a,b] × [0,T] which is based upon Jacobi polynomial by parameters (α,β). Several test problems are employed and results of numerical experiments are presented and also compared with analytical solutions. Also, we verify the numerical stability of the method, by applying a disturbance in the problem. The obtained results confirm the acceptable accuracy and stability of the presented method.
From Latin to Romance: case loss and preservation in pronominal systems
Authors: Manzini M. Rita , Savoia Leonardo M.
Published: November 2019

The evolution from Latin into Romance is marked by the loss of case in nominal declensions. In most Romance varieties, however, pronouns, specifically in the 1st/2nd person singular, keep case differentiations. In some varieties 1st/2nd singular pronouns present a three-way case split, essentially the same reconstructed for proto-Romance (De Dardel and Gaeng 1992, Zamboni 1998). We document and analyze the current situation of Romance in the first part of the article (section 1). In the second part of the article we argue that the Dative Shifted distribution of loro in modern Italian, accounted for by means of the category of weak pronoun in Cardinaletti and Starke (1999), is best construed as a survival of oblique case in the 3rd person system (section 2). This casts doubts on the weak pronoun category, as applied to Old Italian as well (Egerland and Cardinaletti 2010).
Sex and Individual Differences in Alcohol Intake Are Associated with Differences in Ketamine Self-Administration Behaviors and Nucleus Accumbens Dendritic Spine Density
Authors: Strong Caroline E. , Wright Katherine N. , Kabbaj Mohamed
Published: November 2019

Clinical and preclinical studies have shown that ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, has promising therapeutic value for the treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, the maintenance of remission will ultimately require repeated infusions of ketamine, which may lead to abuse potential and may hinder its therapeutic benefits. It is therefore crucial to assess the effects of repeated treatments with ketamine on alcohol intake. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine in both sexes how individual differences in alcohol intake alter ketamine self-administration and how ketamine self-administration will alter subsequent alcohol-drinking behaviors. Male and female rats intermittently drank alcohol or water for 10 weeks and were divided into high- or low-alcohol intake groups prior to ketamine self-administration. Rats self-administered ketamine under fixed and progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement from week 4 to 7, and the incubation of ketamine craving was examined from week 8 to 10. To investigate structural plasticity in a brain region involved in reward, nucleus accumbens dendritic spine morphology was examined. Our results show that high alcohol intake in male rats attenuated ketamine self-administration, whereas in female rats high alcohol intake enhanced motivation to self-administer ketamine. Ketamine reduced alcohol intake in high-alcohol male rats but increased it in low-alcohol female rats. Incubation of ketamine craving developed in all groups except low-alcohol females. Three weeks of abstinence from ketamine was associated with increased mushroom spines in all groups except the high-alcohol male group. Overall, these data suggest that ketamine as a treatment for AUD may benefit male subjects, but not female subjects, and warrants further investigation before use as a therapeutic agent.
MicroRNA-137 Drives Epigenetic Reprogramming in the Adult Amygdala and Behavioral Changes after Adolescent Alcohol Exposure
Authors: Kyzar Evan J. , Bohnsack John Peyton , Zhang Huaibo , Pandey Subhash C.
Published: November 2019

Adolescent binge drinking is a serious public health concern and a risk factor for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and comorbid anxiety in adulthood. Chromatin remodeling mediated by epigenetic enzymes including lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) due to adolescent alcohol exposure may play a role in adult psychopathology. The mechanism by which adolescent alcohol exposure mechanistically regulates epigenetic reprogramming and behavioral changes in adulthood is unknown. We investigated the role of microRNA-137 (miR-137), which is crucial for normal neurodevelopment and targets LSD1, in adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure-induced anxiety-like and alcohol-drinking behaviors and related epigenetic reprogramming in the amygdala in adulthood. Adolescent rats were exposed to 2 g/kg ethanol (2 d on/off; AIE) or adolescent intermittent saline (AIS) during postnatal days (PND)28–PND41 and allowed to grow to adulthood for analysis of behavior, miRNA expression, and epigenetic measures in the amygdala. Interestingly, miR-137 was increased and its target genesLsd1andLsd1 + 8awere decreased in the AIE adult amygdala. Infusion of miR-137 antagomir directly into the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) rescues AIE-induced alcohol-drinking and anxiety-like behaviors via normalization of decreasedLsd1expression, decreased LSD1 occupancy, and decreasedBdnf IVexpression due to increased H3K9 dimethylation in AIE adult rats. Further, concomitantLsd1small interfering RNA (siRNA) infusion into the CeA prevents the miR-137-mediated reversal of AIE-induced adult anxiety and chromatin remodeling at theBdnf IVpromoter. These novel results highlight miR-137 as a potential therapeutic target for anxiety and AUD susceptibility after adolescent alcohol exposure in adulthood.
A case of type B insulin resistance syndrome treated with low-dose glucocorticoids
Authors: Kotani Masato , Tamura Naohisa , Inoue Tatsuhide , Tanaka Issei
Published: November 2019

Type B insulin resistance syndrome is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies to the insulin receptor. We present a 57-year-old male admitted to a hospital due to body weight loss of 16 kg and hyperglycemia of 13.6 mmol/L. He was diagnosed with type B insulin resistance syndrome because the anti-insulin receptor antibodies were positive. We informed him that some hyperglycemic cases of this syndrome had been reported to be spontaneously remitted in 5 years, and he did not agree to be treated with high-dose glucocorticoids and/or immunosuppressive agents due to his concern for their adverse effects such as hyperglycemia and immunosuppression. He chose to be treated with insulin and voglibose, but fair glucose control could not be obtained. Six years later, he agreed to be treated with low-dose glucocorticoids practicable in outpatient settings. One milligram per day of betamethasone was tried orally and reduced gradually according to the values of glycated hemoglobin. After 30 months of glucocorticoid treatment, the anti-insulin receptor antibodies became undetectable and his fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin were normalized. This case suggests that low-dose glucocorticoids could be a choice to treat type B insulin resistance syndrome in outpatient settings.

Learning points:

Type B insulin resistance syndrome is an acquired autoimmune disease for insulin receptors.

This case suggested the possibility of long-lasting, low-dose glucocorticoid therapy for the syndrome as an alternative for high-dose glucocorticoids or immunosuppressive agents.

Since the prevalence of autoimmune nephritis is high in the syndrome, a delay of immunosuppressive therapy initiation might result in an exacerbation of nephropathy.