bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tiny Homes Are Huge for People Living With Serious Mental Illness
Authors: Wilson Amy Blank , Mahadevan Thava , Villodas Melissa , Rodriguez Maria , Bailliard Antoine , Cuddeback Gary
Published: September 2020

Purpose: A formative evaluation examined the acceptability and feasibility of tiny homes for people living with serious mental illness (SMI). Methods: The evaluation included four focus groups with people with SMI and service providers ( n = 28) and eight overnight stays with people with SMI. Results: The analysis identified six recommendations for tailoring the design of the tiny homes and the community where the homes will be located to meet the needs of people living with SMI. The recommendations for the design of the tiny homes included maximize natural light and outdoor spaces, design flexible living spaces, and ensure accessibility. The recommendations for the design of the surrounding community included ensure privacy, build a community, and maximize residents’ connectivity. Conclusions: This research serves as a starting point for interventions that aim to develop housing that is both affordable and tailored to the needs of people with SMI.
Caregiver Speaks Study Protocol: A Technologically-Mediated Storytelling Intervention for Hospice Family Caregivers of Persons Living With Dementia
Authors: Rolbiecki Abigail J. , Oliver Debra Parker , Teti Michelle , Washington Karla T. , Benson Jacquelyn J. , Kruse Robin L. , Smith Jamie , Demiris George , Ersek Mary , Mehr David R.
Published: September 2020

Objective:

We present the protocol of a study aiming to examine the efficacy of a technologically-mediated storytelling intervention called Caregiver Speaks in reducing distress and grief intensity experienced by active and bereaved hospice family caregivers of persons living with dementia (PLWD).

Design:

The study is a mixed-method, 2-group, randomized controlled trial.

Setting:

This study takes place in 5 hospice agencies in the Midwest and Northeastern United States.

Participants:

Participants include hospice family caregivers of PLWD.

Intervention:

Participants are randomized to usual hospice care or the intervention group. In the Caregiver Speaks intervention, caregivers engage in photo-elicitation storytelling (sharing photos that capture their thoughts, feelings, and reactions to caregiving and bereavement) via a privately facilitated Facebook group. This intervention will longitudinally follow caregivers from active caregiving into bereavement. The usual care group continues to receive hospice care but does not participate in the online group.

Outcomes Measured:

We anticipate enrolling 468 participants. Our primary outcomes of interest are participant depression and anxiety, which are measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder screening (GAD-7). Our secondary outcomes of interest are participants’ perceived social support, measured by the Perceived Social Support for Caregiving (PSSC) scale, and grief intensity, which is measured by the Texas Revised Inventory of Grief Present Subscale (TRIG-Present).
Maxillary Protraction Therapy in Class III Patients With and Without Cleft Lip and Palate: An Interim Report of a Prospective Comparative Study
Authors: Lin Yifan , Fu Zhen , Guo Runzhi , Ma Lian , Li Weiran
Published: September 2020

Objective:

To investigate and compare the effects of maxillary protraction therapy on Class III patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and Class III patients with noncleft.

Design:

Prospective controlled clinical trial.

Patients:

Twenty-six Class III patients with UCLP (mean age: 10.32 ± 1.29 years) and 26 Class III patients with noncleft (mean age: 9.82 ± 1.03 years) were included and treated with maxillary protraction therapy.

Interventions:

Maxillary protraction therapy was performed with an intraoral Hyrax appliance and extraoral facemask. Cone beam computed tomography scans were taken before and after treatment. Pretreatment skeletal and dental characteristics and treatment changes were analyzed and compared.

Results:

The average treatment duration was 18.44 ± 4.16 months in the UCLP group, which was substantially longer than the 12.46 ± 4.03-month average treatment duration in the noncleft group ( P < .001). No significant difference was found in the maxillary changes (length, advancement of point A, and SNA angle) and improvement of intermaxillary relationship (ANB angle) between the 2 groups. The UCLP group had 1.40° more mandibular clockwise rotation ( P = .034). Regarding dental changes, the UCLP group had more upper incisor proclination ( P = .006) and less lower incisor retroclination ( P = .023).

Conclusions:

Approximately extended maxillary protraction therapy in patients with UCLP could be as effective as in patients with noncleft. Further study is required to follow patients until completion of growth to elucidate the long-term stability of the treatment.
Spontaneous Palatal Cleft Closure
Authors: Ritto Fabio G. , Sperber Geoffrey H. , Smith Kevin S.
Published: September 2020

This case report presents a palatal cleft that healed spontaneously, with complete formation of mucosa and bone. Even though the nasal structures could initially be observed through the cleft palate, a thin membrane sealed any communication between the oral and nasal cavities. The origin of this tenuous membrane cannot be fully understood with current discernment of palate formation, but it probably served as a basis for the formation of the other tissues. No previous record of nonintervened spontaneous closure of a cleft palate has been reported.
Control scheme of adaptive feedforward cancellation considering of Bode’s integral theorem for synchronous vibration suppression in rotating machineries
Authors: Yabui Shota , Inoue Hideyuki , Inoue Tsuyoshi
Published: September 2020

Synchronous vibration is a major obstacle to the stable operation of rotating machineries. In previous studies, active control methods were developed to compensate for synchronous vibration using actuators, such as an active magnetic bearing or a piezo actuator. Adaptive feedforward cancellation is another well-known control method and is used to compensate for the synchronous vibration in the actual system. The control methods can compensate for the synchronous vibration; however, the amplitude of the vibration in other frequency ranges can be increased by the waterbed effect due to Bode’s integral theorem. Therefore, there is a trade-off between the compensation of the synchronous vibration and the negative impact of other vibration. In this article, a novel control scheme for the adaptive feedforward cancellation is proposed to eliminate the negative impact due to the waterbed effect. The proposed method controlled the input signal of the adaptive algorithm in the adaptive feedforward cancellation and realized an ideal feedforward controller worked independently from the feedback loop. The effectiveness of this method was verified experimentally using a test rig.
Characterizing Physician Practice in Nursing Homes Using Claims-Based Measures: Correlation With Nursing Home Administrators’ Perceptions
Authors: Ryskina Kira L. , Song Wei , Sharma Vaishnavi , Yuan Yihao , Intrator Orna
Published: September 2020

Heterogeneity in physician practice within nursing homes (NHs) may explain variations in quality. However, data on physician practice organization in NHs are hard to obtain. We characterized NH physician practice using two claims-based measures: (a) concentration of NH care among physicians (measured by Herfindahl–Hirschman index of visits); and (b) physician NH practice specialization (measured by the proportion of a physician’s visits to NHs). We examined the relationship between the measures and NH administrator perceptions of physician practice reported in the Shaping Long-Term Care in America (SLTCA) Survey. All 2011 Part B claims from 13,718 physicians who treated Medicare fee-for-service patients in 2,095 NHs in the SLTCA survey were analyzed. The median Herfindahl–Hirschman index was 0.44 (interquartile range [IQR] 0.28-0.70), and the median specialization was 38.1% (IQR 19.9% to 60.9%). NHs with higher physician specialization reported more frequent physician participation in care coordination activities. Claims-based measures could inform the study of NH physician practice.
User-Involvement in the Development of a Culturally Sensitive Intervention in the Safe Pregnancy Study to Prevent Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Flaathen Eva Marie Engebakken , Lukasse Mirjam , Garnweidner-Holme Lisa , Angelshaug Jeanette , Henriksen Lena
Published: September 2020

Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy has negative health impacts on the woman and the fetus. There is a lack of evidence supporting effective interventions to prevent IPV during pregnancy. This user-involvement study was conducted to get feedback on a culturally sensitive, tablet intervention containing questions about violence and safety-behaviors and a video promoting safety behaviors. This resulted in important feedback on the intervention content. Our findings show that women are in favor of disclosing IPV via a tablet. They suggested ways to address barriers for disclosure, such as safeguarding anonymity and creating a trustful relationship with the midwife.
Long-term results of autologous plasma as adjuvant to pars plana vitrectomy in the treatment of high myopic full-thickness macular holes
Authors: Figueroa Marta S , Mora Cantallops Arnau , Virgili Gianni , Govetto Andrea
Published: September 2020

Background:

To analyse the feasibility and efficacy of a novel autologous plasma rich in growth factor (PRGF) preparation as adjuvant to pars plana vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane peel in high myopic full-thickness macular hole (FTMH).

Methods:

Single-centre, single-surgeon retrospective chart review of consecutive patients with high myopic FTMH who underwent surgery with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Patients were divided in group 1 (naïve) and group 2 (persistent). Quantitative and qualitative variables were analysed, compared among groups and correlated with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA).

Results:

Postoperatively, FTMH resolved in 28/31 eyes in group 1 (90%) and in 10/11 eyes in group 2 (91%), without significant differences ( p = 0.954). None of the preoperative anatomical variables analysed showed significant association with preoperative BCVA. Intraoperatively, no significant complications were registered. Postoperatively, BCVA improved significantly in the studied population ( p < 0.001). Preoperative factors associated with better postoperative BCVA were the presence of intraretinal cystoid spaces ( p = 0.028) and elevated FTMH borders ( p = 0.005). Preoperative dome-shaped macula was associated with significantly worse postoperative BCVA ( p = 0.049).

Conclusion:

The use of PRGF as adjuvant to vitrectomy showed to be reproducible, straightforward and efficient, with primary anatomical success rate comparable to other surgical approaches and lower risk of complications.
Different risk factors are associated with vascular access patency after construction and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in patients starting hemodialysis
Authors: Yoshida Mahoko , Doi Shigehiro , Nakashima Ayumu , Kyuden Yasufumi , Kawai Toru , Kawaoka Koichiro , Takahashi Shunsuke , Ueno Toshinori , Nishizawa Yoshiko , Masaki Takao
Published: September 2020

Background:

The objective of this multicenter, prospective observational study was to determine the factors related to patency rates after construction of vascular access (VA) and the first percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA).

Methods:

The 24-month primary and secondary patency rates after construction of a radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (RC-AVF) and arteriovenous graft (AVG) were evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test. The 12-month post-PTA patency rate was also investigated. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify clinical parameters associated with the primary patency rate and the post-PTA patency rate.

Results:

A total of 611 patients were enrolled in the study. The primary patency rate after VA construction was lower in hemodialysis (HD) patients with an AVG than in those with an AVF. Aging (hazard ratio [HR], 1.02 per 1 year; p < 0.001), female sex (HR, 1.41; p = 0.03), diabetes mellitus (HR, 1.37; p = 0.03), low serum albumin (HR, 0.76 per 1-g/dL decrease; p = 0.02), and use of an erythropoietin-stimulating agent (HR, 1.62; p = 0.02) were risk factors for VA problems. The post-PTA patency rate was associated with aging (HR, 1.02; p < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (HR, 1.49; p = 0.02), polycystic kidney disease (HR, 2.14; p = 0.01), temporary catheter use for initiation of HD (HR, 1.60; p = 0.02), and period from VA construction to use (HR, 0.99; p = 0.04).

Conclusion:

Although a poor patency rate is commonly associated with advanced age and diabetes, different risk factors affect patency between VA construction and the first PTA.
The extension of strategic management discourse into public education administration: A critical analysis
Authors: Greckhamer Thomas , Cilesiz Sebnem
Published: September 2020

Strategy has become ubiquitous in contemporary societies. Accordingly, the expansion of strategy discourse beyond corporate management and its colonization of various aspects of economic and organizational life are important phenomena for critical management research. In this study, we explore how strategy discourse is ushered into and naturalized in the realm of educational administration. Taking a critical approach to discourse analysis, our study reveals the nature and functions of a set of texts representing a discourse that expands strategic management to public K-12 education produced by a key institutional entrepreneur in the United States. Our findings disentangle how this expansion of strategy discourse into public education administration is accomplished through the discourse’s different building blocks. They expose and denaturalize the discourse’s ideological position and exercise of power in its normative construction of the necessity of strategic management for public education. We conclude with a discussion of our study’s contributions to theory and research on the expansion of strategy discourses. In doing so, we cultivate a discussion of alternative discourses and highlight possible future research directions.
Acoustics of the Blue Whale Auditorium in Buenos Aires
Authors: Basso Gustavo
Published: September 2020

The “Blue Whale” Auditorium in Buenos Aires opened in 2015. Designed to be the headquarters of the National Symphony Orchestra of Argentina, its goal was to become the city’s main space for symphonic music. The architectural program posed several challenges from an acoustic point of view, as 2000 people had to be accommodated in a square space into which none of the usual architectural typologies fit properly. It was decided, therefore, to place in this space an “ad-hoc” hall. The design centered around three main premises: to achieve an enveloping acoustic field, to establish an adequate reverberation decay, and to combine reflective and diffusing surfaces to attain a similar acoustic field through the entire audience area. This work details the design process of the Auditorium, during which the final shape was deduced from the established acoustic premises, and some acoustical measurements made in the finished hall.
Enfolding wholes in parts: quantum holography and International Relations
Authors: Pan Chengxin
Published: September 2020

This article stands at the intersection between the relational turn in International Relations (IR) and the quantum turn in the social sciences (and more recently in IR as well). The relational turn draws much-needed attention to the centrality of relations in global politics, yet its imprecise conceptualization of whole-part relations casts shadow over its relational ontological foundation. The quantum turn, meanwhile, challenges the observed–observer dichotomy as well as the classical views about causality, determinacy, and measurement. Yet, despite their common stance against the Newtonian ontology, the relational and quantum turns have largely neglected each other at least in the IR context. This article aims to bridge this gap by introducing a quantum holographic approach to relationality. Drawing on theoretical physicist David Bohm’s work on quantum theory and his key concepts about wholeness and the implicate order, the article argues that the world is being holographically (trans)formed: its parts are not only parts of the whole, but also enfold the whole, like in a hologram. This quantum holographic ontology contributes to both a clearer differentiation between internal/implicate relations and external/explicate relations and a renewed emphasis on wholeness and whole-part duality. In doing so, it not only provides new conceptual tools to rethink IR as holographic relations which involve the dynamic processes and mechanisms of enfoldment and unfoldment, but also has important policy and ethical implications for the conduct of “foreign” relations and for transforming the way we think about identity, survival, relationship, and responsibility.
Reading and inquiring in an afterschool tutoring program: Working to re-imagine the reading intervention paradigm
Authors: Davis Dennis S. , Jones Jill , Vehabovic Nermin , DeIaco Robyn
Published: September 2020

In this article, we discuss tensions that emerged as we collaborated with teachers to iteratively design and refine an afterschool reading intervention approach that emphasizes inquiry and disciplinary learning for upper elementary readers positioned as struggling in school. Our findings are organized around four design tensions that help us consider what it takes to re-imagine the ‘ofcourseness’ that dominates traditional approaches to tiered intervention in schools. These design tensions are: (1) competing priorities in student learning; (2) compromised forms of inquiry-based instruction; (3) negotiating how texts are chosen; and (4) complexities of responsiveness. These tensions underscore the messy challenges that must be addressed in school reform efforts related to reading intervention for older elementary readers.
Bayesian mixture modelling of the high-energy photon counts collected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope
Authors: Costantin Denise , Sottosanti Andrea , Brazzale Alessandra R. , Bastieri Denis , Fan JunHui
Published: September 2020

Identifying as yet undetected high-energy sources in the [Formula: see text]-ray sky is one of the declared objectives of the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) Collaboration. We develop a Bayesian mixture model which is capable of disentangling the high-energy extra-galactic sources present in a given sky region from the pervasive background radiation. We achieve this by combining two model components. The first component models the emission activity of the single sources and incorporates the instrument response function of the Fermi [Formula: see text]-ray space telescope. The second component reliably reflects the current knowledge of the physical phenomena which underlie the [Formula: see text]-ray background. The model parameters are estimated using a reversible jump MCMC algorithm, which simultaneously returns the number of detected sources, their locations and relative intensities, and the background component. Our proposal is illustrated using a sample of the Fermi LAT data. In the analysed sky region, our model correctly identifies 116 sources out of the 132 present. The detection rate and the estimated directions and intensities of the identified sources are largely unaffected by the number of detected sources.
Untrustworthy subjects? Risks, blame and gradual prison release in Ukraine
Authors: Symkovych Anton
Published: September 2020

Penal authorities and society in general perceive prisoners as untrustworthy. Much of the administration of punishment constitutes the assessment and management of the risks that prisoners pose. In this article, I explain how Ukraine balances the noble goals of prisoner reintegration with an inherent mistrust of prisoners. Drawing on a semi-ethnographic study of a medium-security prison for men, I discuss how, in anticipation of their freedom, prisoners also calculate their perceived risks. Through examination of how prisoners assess their vulnerability to risky behaviour and opt out from gradual release, I argue that prisoners as well as the state often deem themselves untrustworthy subjects. Furthermore, I discuss the roles of the informal prisoner society and (paucity of) prison’s rehabilitative efforts in prisoners’ decisions concerning their transfer into semi-open conditions. I argue that, rather than being an alternative – and even a threat – to parole, gradual release, supported by rehabilitative and developmental programmes, constructive services and temporary leave schemes, should become a path to release, including release on parole. Prisoners and staff alike should not make an unfair and unconstructive choice between ‘less risky’ parole, because of its loose surveillance, and more failure prone (for prisoners) and blame risky (for staff) gradual release.
Risk of orthostatic hypotension associated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor treatment: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Rong Xi , Li Xinran , Gou Qiling , Liu Kai , Chen Xiaoping
Published: September 2020

Objective:

The aim of this study was to assess the association between sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and the risk of orthostatic hypotension (OH) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Method:

A systematic literature retrieval was performed using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from inception up to 16 October 2019. Data for study characteristics and outcomes of interest were extracted from each eligible study. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for OH were calculated using a random-effects model.

Result:

A total of 16 studies ( n = 12,749) were included in our meta-analysis, with a result of 44 incident OH cases (29 in the SGLT2 inhibitor group, and 15 in the control group). The pooled RR was 1.17 (95% CI: 0.65–2.09). There was no evidence that receiving SGLT2 inhibitors increased the risk of OH, when stratified by age, duration of T2DM, or placebo-control or active-control and baseline blood pressure.

Conclusion:

This meta-analysis suggested that, in general, SGLPT2 inhibitors did not increase the risk of OH in patients with T2DM. The possibility of OH should be, therefore, considered on an individual basis, especially in patients with a history of OH, long duration of T2DM, or comorbidities.
Application of Community-Based Social Marketing (CBSM) to Increase Recycling Behavior (RB) in Primary Schools
Authors: Haghighatjoo Sahar , Tahmasebi Rahim , Noroozi Azita
Published: September 2020

Background:

Recycling and waste separation is one of the most important policies for the management of municipal solid waste, and notwithstanding the importance of recycling especially at the school age, little research have been conducted in this field.

Focus of the Article:

In this quasi-experimental study, five steps of community-based social marketing (CBSM) were used for changing of the recycling behavior (RB).

Research Question:

Do CBSM strategies increase use of recycling containers versus the sole availability of containers?

Program Design/Approach:

The intervention was implemented in five steps and through seven CBSM strategies that include communication, social diffusion, convenience, incentives, social norms, commitment, and prompts.

Importance to the Social Marketing Field:

Since the RB will be influenced by environmental context, it cannot be assumed that application of CBSM theory is effective in school field. Therefore, the findings of this study are used to determine the effectiveness of environmental changes based on CBSM theory in the school field.

Method:

One thousand four hundred fifty-three male and female students from fourth to sixth grade in Bushehr, Iran, were evaluated in intervention and control groups from December 2018 to May 2019. In intervention group, CBSM steps were implemented, and in the control group, only blue bins and containers for recyclable materials were provided. To assess behavior change, a questionnaire consisting of three sections of demographic information, knowledge, and barrier questions was used. RB was evaluated by daily weighing waste and recyclable materials (separated) in two groups from 10 days before to 4 months after intervention. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (Version 16.0).

Results:

Results reveal that CBSM based strategies increased knowledge in the intervention group versus the control group. Also, CBSM strategies significantly increased the amount of recycling and reduced the waste in the intervention group. The results of this study showed that the sole availability of containers does not increase RB and reduce waste; applying CBSM based strategies is very useful and effective in removing barriers and increasing RB in schools.

Recommendation for Research:

It is recommended to compare the effectiveness of the application of only some CBSM strategies such as social norms, incentives, and diffusion versus all CBSM strategies for changing of RB in school setting.

Limitation:

A limitations of this study is that the number of students in the two groups is not the same due to the random selection of schools. Additionally, we could not control for students’ textbook content on recycling.
Factors Explaining Grandparental Mediation of Children’s Media Use in Two National Contexts
Authors: Elias Nelly , Lemish Dafna , Nimrod Galit
Published: September 2020

This study aimed at revealing the factors determining grandparental mediation of their grandchildren’s screen viewing and interactive media use, based on online surveys conducted among 291 American and 356 Israeli grandparents who reported taking care of 2-to-7 years old grandchildren at least once a week. Past mediation, familiarity with children’s media, parental instructions and joint leisure activities were positively associated with mediation of both interactive and non-interactive media use, whereas country of residence was not significantly associated with mediation. These findings provide initial knowledge about the universal aspects of grandparental mediation in early childhood.
Incorporation of Reversible Electroporation Into Electrolysis Accelerates Apoptosis for Rat Liver Tissue
Authors: Kim Hong Bae , Chung Jong Hoon
Published: September 2020

Tissue electrolysis is an alternative modality that uses a low intensity direct electric current passing through at least 2 electrodes within the tissue and resulting electrochemical products including chlorine and hydrogen. These products induce changes in pH around electrodes and cause dehydration resulting from electroosmotic pressure, leading to changes in microenvironment and thus metabolism of the tissues, yielding apoptosis. The procedure requires adequate time for electrochemical reactions to yield products sufficient to induce apoptosis of the tissues. Incorporation of electroporation into electrolysis can decrease the treatment time and enhance the efficiency of electrolytic ablation. Electroporation causes permeabilization in the cell membrane allowing the efflux of potassium ions and extension of the electrochemical area, facilitating the electrolysis process. However, little is known about the combined effects on apoptosis in liver ablation. In this study, we performed an immunohistochemical evaluation of apoptosis for the incorporation of electroporation into electrolysis in liver tissues. To do so, the study was performed with microelectrodes for fixed treatment time while the applied voltage varied to increase the applied total energy for electrolysis. The apoptotic rate for electrolytic ablation increased with enhanced applied energy. The apoptotic rate was 4.31 ± 1.73 times that of control in the synergistic combination compared to 1.49 ± 0.33 times that of the control in electrolytic ablation alone. Additionally, tissue structure was better preserved in synergistic combination ablation compared to electrolysis with an increment of 3.8 mA. Thus, synergistic ablation may accelerate apoptosis and be a promising modality for the treatment of liver tumors.
Patient-Related Risk Factors Associated With Surgical Site Complications After Elective Hand Surgery
Authors: Youngman Tyler , Del Core Michael , Benage Timothy , Koehler Daniel , Sammer Douglas , Golden Ann
Published: September 2020

Background:

The purpose of this study was to identify independent risk factors associated with an increased rate of surgical site complications after elective hand surgery.

Methods:

This study is a retrospective review of all patients who underwent elective hand, wrist, forearm, and elbow surgery over a 10-year period at a single institution. Electronic medical records were reviewed, and information regarding patient demographics, past medical and social history, perioperative laboratory values, procedures performed, and surgical complications was collected. Surgical site complications included surgical site infections, seromas or hematomas, and delayed wound healing or wound dehiscence. A univariate analysis was then performed to identify potential risk factors, which were then included in a multivariate regression analysis.

Results:

A total of 3261 patients who underwent elective hand surgery and met the above inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in this study. The mean age was 57 years, with 65% female and 35% male patients. The overall surgical complication rate was 2.2%. Univariate analysis of patient factors identified male sex; number of procedures >1; history of drug, alcohol, or smoking use; American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class III and IV; and serum albumin <3.5 mg/dL to be significantly associated with complications. However, multivariate regression analysis identified that only ASA class III and IV (odds ratio = 3.27) was significantly associated with surgical complications.

Conclusions:

Patients classified as ASA class III or IV were identified to be at a significantly increased risk of complications following elective hand surgery. Health factors which triage patients into these 2 groups may represent potentially modifiable factors to mitigate perioperative risk in the elective hand surgery population.
Determinants of uterine rupture among mothers who gave birth in Jinka and Arba Minch General Hospitals, institution-based case–control study, Southern Ethiopia, Ethiopia, 2019
Authors: Girmay Goitom , Gultie Teklemariam , Gebremichael Gebrekiros , Afework Bezawit , Temesgen Gebremariam
Published: September 2020

Background:

Uterine rupture is a major public health problem in low-income countries including Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, its prevalence is low, but it results in devastative health problems of the mother and her baby. Even though the Ethiopian government and nongovernmental organizations tried to strengthen the health care system, significant adverse maternal and fetal outcome is still associated with uterine rupture. The aim of this study was to identify determinants of uterine rupture in Jinka and Arba Minch General Hospitals.

Methods:

The study was conducted in Jinka and Arba Minch General Hospitals, and the data collection period was 15 to 30 November 2018. A case–control study design was used with simple random sampling of 1:4. Data were collected using data extraction sheets. Variables with p < 0.25 in bivariate logistic regression were entered into multivariable logistic regression. Variables with p < 0.05 in multivariable logistic regression were used to determine significant association between dependent and independent variables.

Result:

Uterine rupture occurred in 112 cases with 448 controls. Women referred from health facilities (adjusted odds ratio = 8.0, 95% confidence interval: 3.5–17.8), multiparous women (adjusted odds ratio = 12.7, 95% confidence interval: 4.2–39.0), duration of labor more than 18 h (adjusted odds ratio = 11.5, 95% confidence interval: 5.5–24.1), malpresentation (adjusted odds ratio = 3.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.0–8.0) and gestational age of ⩾37 weeks (adjusted odds ratio = 5.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.4–19.3) were independent factors associated with uterine rupture.

Conclusion:

Mothers referred from health facilities, multiparous women, duration of labor more than 18 h, gestational age of ⩾37 weeks and malpresentation were significantly associated with uterine rupture. Early referral, encouraging family planning, proper use of partograph, early identification and appropriate intervention for malpresentation are recommended.
Kinesiotaping for the Rehabilitation of Rotator Cuff–Related Shoulder Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: de Oliveira Fábio Carlos Lucas , Pairot de Fontenay Benoit , Bouyer Laurent Julien , Desmeules François , Roy Jean-Sébastien
Published: September 2020

Background:

Kinesiotaping (KT) has been widely used in clinical practice. Current evidence is insufficient to support the use of KT for treating rotator cuff–related shoulder pain (RCRSP), as its mid- and long-term effects have not been investigated.

Hypotheses:

Individuals using KT will achieve faster improvements in symptoms and functional limitations compared with those not using it. They will also present a greater increase in pain-free range of motion (ROM) and acromiohumeral distance (AHD) at the end of the treatment.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial (NCT02881021).

Level of evidence:

Therapy, level 1b.

Methods:

A total of 52 individuals with RCRSP, randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups (experimental: KT; control: no-KT), underwent a 6-week rehabilitation program composed of 10 physical therapy sessions. KT was added to the treatment of the KT group. Symptoms and functional limitations were assessed using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire (primary outcome); Brief Pain Inventory (BPI); and Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) index at baseline, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 6 months. AHD, pain-free ROM, and full ROM were measured at baseline and at week 6. The effects of KT were assessed using a nonparametric analysis for longitudinal data.

Results:

No significant group × time interactions (0.112 ≤ P ≤ 0.726) were found for all outcomes. Time effects were observed as both groups showed significant improvements for all studied outcomes (DASH, BPI, and WORC, p < 0.0001; AHD, p = 0.017; pain-free ROM, p < 0.0001; and full ROM abduction, p ≤ 0.0001).

Conclusion:

Whereas symptoms, functional limitations, ROM, and AHD improved in both groups, the addition of KT did not lead to superior outcomes compared with exercise-based treatment alone, in the mid and long term, for individuals with RCRSP.

Clinical Relevance:

Clinicians should not expect supplementary mid- or long-term gains with KT to reduce pain, improve shoulder function and ROM, or increase AHD if a rehabilitation program focusing on shoulder neuromuscular control is concurrently provided as treatment for individuals with RCRSP.
The Assessment of Steroid Injections as a Potential Risk Factor for Osteochondral Lesions in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Heidt Christoph , Grueberger Nisha , Grisch Domenic , Righini-Grunder Franziska , Rueger Matthias , Ramseier Leonhard
Published: September 2020

Objective

Intra-articular corticosteroid injections (IACIs) are frequently used to suppress local inflammation, that is, in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). While systemic high-dosage corticosteroids are known to trigger osteonecrosis and result in osteochondral (OC) lesions, the effect of IACIs on joint cartilage and subchondral bone remains unclear. This study was conceived to analyze the coincidence of IACI and the subsequent manifestation of osteochondral lesions in a large cohort of pediatric JIA patients.

Design

Retrospective data assessment and comparative analysis of skeletally immature JIA patients treated with IACIs between 1993 and 2017.

Results

A total of 280 JIA patients were included in the analysis, the majority were girls (64%). Osteochondral lesions were present in 16 patients (5.7%) at a mean age of 10.7 years (range 4-14 years) and appeared on average after 63-month duration of disease. The majority was present at atypical locations such as the lateral femoral condyle. Multivariable analysis using cox regression showed that steroid injections were a risk factor to develop an OC lesion (hazard ratio [95%CI] for number of steroid injections per year, 8.20 [3.18, 21.16]).

Conclusions

Pediatric patients with JIA show a relatively high incidence of osteochondritic lesions, which present at an early age and in rather atypical locations and repetitive steroid injection need to be considered an associated risk factor.
Platform work and fixed-term employment regulation
Authors: Rosin Annika
Published: September 2020

Although platform work has been studied by many labour law researchers, mainly the unclear labour law status of platform workers as well as possible new avenues to ensure their protection have been discussed. However, platform work is similar to already-regulated atypical work arrangements and the possibilities of the application of these regulations needs to be analysed. The aim of this article is to analyse the applicability of the Fixed-Term Work Directive (1999/70/EC (FTWD)) to platform workers. The question of whether platform work can be regarded as fixed-term employment according to the FTWD is analysed, and also whether the measures to prevent the abuse of successive fixed-term contracts ensure that platform workers avoid being placed in a precarious position. In the example of four platforms (Uber, Deliveroo, TaskRabbit and Amazon Mechanical Turk), it is argued that many platform workers can be regarded as fixed-term workers for the purposes of the FTWD. The existence of a bilateral fixed-term employment relationship between the platform and the worker can be detected in the case of platforms providing transportation and food delivery services. A bilateral relationship also forms between the client and the worker in the case of platforms providing universal services. In the case of crowdwork, a tripartite temporary agency work relationship forms between the platform, the worker and the user, and the Temporary Agency Work Directive (2008/104/EC), rather than the FTWD, should be applied. The measures foreseen in the FTWD to prevent the abuse of successive fixed-term contracts effectively protect platform workers. Nevertheless, if the Member State only restricts the total period of successive contracts, their working conditions are not improved.
Cultural variations in whether, why, how, and at what cost people are proactive: A followership perspective
Authors: Urbach Tina , Den Hartog Deanne N. , Fay Doris , Parker Sharon K. , Strauss Karoline
Published: September 2020

The objective of this conceptual article is to illustrate how differences in societal culture may affect employees’ proactive work behaviors (PWBs) and to develop a research agenda to guide future research on cross-cultural differences in PWBs. We propose that the societal cultural dimensions of power distance, individualism–collectivism, future orientation, and uncertainty avoidance shape individuals’ implicit followership theories (IFTs). We discuss how these cross-cultural differences in individuals’ IFTs relate to differences in the mean-level of PWB individuals show ( whether), in the motivational states driving individuals’ PWBs ( why), in the way individuals’ enact PWBs ( how), and in the evaluation of PWBs by others ( at what cost). We recommend how future research can extend this theorizing and unpack the proposed cross-cultural differences in PWBs, for example, by exploring how culture and other contextual variables interact to affect PWBs.
Cellphone relevance in face-to-face interactions: The effects of cellphone use on conversational satisfaction
Authors: Cummings Ryan , Reimer Torsten
Published: September 2020

The use of cellphones in conversations is ubiquitous. Although the overarching view of the social effects of cellphones in conversations appears to be negative, some research has also reported positive outcomes. The Cellphone Relevance Hypothesis predicts that effects of cellphone use on conversational satisfaction depend on the function of cellphones within a conversation. When a conversation partner integrates cellphone use into the conversation (integral use), conversational satisfaction is predicted to be higher than when the cellphone is used for a purpose unrelated to the conversation (incidental use). Two vignette studies provide support for the Cellphone Relevance Hypothesis and specify boundary conditions of the cellphone effect based on the involvement of respondents.
A brief prehistory of China’s social credit system
Authors: Jiang Min
Published: September 2020

This article situates China’s social credit system in a historical perspective by exploring its antecedents. The historical roots of the social credit system can be found in personnel archives for officials during imperial times, the Dang’an (personnel dossier) system under Communist rule, and the failed legislative proposal to establish “morality files” on Chinese citizens in the early 2010s. By recognizing their historical continuity and disjuncture, the article places the social credit system in its unique sociocultural contexts and provides alternative narratives to the current dominant state framing of the social credit system.
The new ultralow dose CT protocol for the diagnosis of fractures of the ankle: A prospective comparative study with conventional CT
Authors: Tuncer Kutsi , Topal Murat , Tekin Erdal , Sade Recep , Pirimoglu Rüstem Berhan , Polat Gokhan
Published: September 2020

Purpose:

Computerized tomography (CT) imaging is increasingly being used to evaluate patients with ankle trauma. However, conventional CT (C CT) has a significantly higher radiation dose (RD) than plain radiography. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and reliability of ultra-low-dose CT (ULDCT) protocol for ankle fractures.

Methods:

Ninety-eight consecutive patients who had ankle CT for suspected ankle fracture were included in our prospective study. C CT and ULDCT protocols were simultaneously performed on these 98 patients. Two observers independently evaluated ULDCT and C CT images. The effective RD of the ULDCT and C CT groups was calculated.

Results:

The interobserver agreement was 1 (perfect). ULDCT and C CT group images showed no significant difference in image quality. The effective RD of the ULDCT was significantly lower than the C CT ( p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

By evaluating the results of this study, ULDCT proved to be a reliable diagnostic imaging method for fractures of the ankle. The satisfactory diagnostic image quality of the ULDCT protocol provides promising results.

Level of Evidence:

Level II/lesser quality RCT or prospective comparative study
A Case of Guillain-Barré Syndrome Associated With COVID-19
Authors: Rajdev Kartikeya , Victor Navin , Buckholtz Elaine S. , Hariharan Praveen , Saeed Muhammad Ahsan , Hershberger Daniel M. , Bista Sabin
Published: September 2020

A novel member of human RNA coronavirus, which is an enveloped betacoronavirus, has been termed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS COV-2). The illness caused by SARS COV-2 is referred to as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is a highly contagious disease that has resulted in a global pandemic. The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic illness to acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, multi-organ dysfunction, and death. The most common symptoms include fever, fatigue, dry cough, dyspnea, and diarrhea. Neurological manifestations have also been reported. However, the data on the association of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) with COVID-19 are scarce. We report a rare case of a COVID-19-positive 36-year-old immunocompromised male who presented with clinical features of GBS. His clinical examination showed generalized weakness and hyporeflexia. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed albuminocytological dissociation. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) was administered based on the high clinical suspicion of GBS. The patient’s neurological condition worsened with progression to bulbar weakness and ultimately neuromuscular respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. His nerve conduction studies were consistent with demyelinating polyneuropathy. He received five plasma exchange treatments and was successfully weaned from mechanical ventilation. A brain and cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging was obtained to rule out other causes, which was normal. COVID-19 is believed to cause a dysregulated immune system, which likely plays an important role in the neuropathogenesis of GBS.
Hand and Wrist Injuries in Men’s and Women’s National Collegiate Athletic Association Basketball
Authors: Deckey David G. , Scott Kelly L. , Hinckley Nathaniel B. , Makovicka Justin L. , Hassebrock Jeffrey D. , Tummala Sailesh V. , Pena Austin , Asprey Walker , Chhabra Anikar
Published: September 2020

Background:

Hand and wrist injuries (HWIs) are common in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) basketball players and can negatively affect performance. There is limited literature available on this topic.

Purpose:

To open a discussion on prevention strategies and encourage future research on HWIs in basketball athletes.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

HWIs sustained by male and female NCAA basketball players during the 2009-2010 through 2013-2014 academic years and reported to the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program (NCAA-ISP) database were utilized to characterize the epidemiology thereof. Rates and distributions of HWIs were identified within the context of mechanism of injury, injury recurrence, and time lost from sport.

Results:

Over the 5-year period, 81 HWIs in women and 171 HWIs in men were identified through the NCAA-ISP database. These were used to estimate 3515 HWIs nationally in women’s basketball athletes and 7574 HWIs nationally in men’s basketball athletes. The rate of HWIs in women was 4.20 per 10,000 athlete-exposures (AEs) and in men was 7.76 per 10,000 AEs, making men 1.85 times more likely to sustain HWIs compared with women. In men, HWIs were 3.31 times more likely to occur in competition compared with practice, while in women, HWIs were 2.40 times more likely to occur in competition than in practice. Based on position, guards, both men and women, were the most likely to suffer HWIs.

Conclusion:

HWIs were common in collegiate basketball players. Most injuries were new, and the majority of players were restricted from participation for less than 24 hours. Men were more likely to be injured compared with women, and injuries were most common in the setting of competition for both sexes. The majority of injuries was considered minor and did not extensively limit participation; however, prevention and detection remain important for optimal performance.