bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Penggunaan Metode Jigsaw Terhadap Peningkatan Motivasi Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Apri Sulistia  , Moh Sobirin
Published: March 2024

The motivation to learn Islamic Religious Education at SMP Negeri 2 Slawi is still low, this is due to the lack of variations in learning methods, where learning is still Teacher Centered (teacher-centered) so that students experience boredom. Therefore, a learning model is needed that can activate student motivation, one of which is by using the jigsaw method. this learning method is more effective and can increase student motivation. This research method is a pre Experimental design method with One Group Pretest and Posttest design type. Data collection in this study was in the form of questionnaires or questionnaires and documentation. Student motivation is measured using a questionnaire-shaped test of 20 statements that have been declared valid and reliable. The result of this study is the use of the jigsaw method can affect the learning motivation of students in class VIII at SMP Negeri 2 Slawi. Based on the calculation of the t-test that has been carried out on the pretest value and the posttest value, the tcount obtained a value of 15.052 and the ttable is 1.67 so that the result is tcount> ttable which means Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. So, it can be concluded that there is an effect of the jigsaw method on increasing learning motivation in Islamic Religious Education class VIII at SMP Negeri 2 Slawi. The indicators that influence the increase in student learning motivation using the jigsaw method are the desire and desire to succeed, the encouragement and needs in learning, the hopes and ideals, the interesting activities in learning, and the conducive learning environment.
Efektivitas Metode Pembiasaan Terhadap Pembentukan Karakter Religius Siswa Kelas VII MTs Model Ihsaniyah Kota Tegal
Authors: Wulan Mulyana  , Arif Muntaqo
Published: March 2024

This research is motivated by the low attention of schools to the religious character of students. In the age of advanced technology, many students are swayed by various kinds of information and content on free social media so that students cannot sort out which things are good and which things are bad for their character. The interesting thing is that in MTs Model Ihsaniyah Tegal always applies the habituation method every day before learning with the aim of shaping student character. This study used a quantitative approach with an experimental method with a pre-experimental research design type one group pretest-postest design. The sample of this research was all seventh grade students at MTs Model Ihsaniyah Tegal with a total of 43 people. The results of this study are: (1) The application of habituation method in MTs Model Ihsaniyah Tegal City is classified as sufficient. This is evident from the posttest results of seventh grade students there is an increase in student character building, that there are 23 students with a percentage of 53.5% who are in the category of always applying the habituation method, and 20 students with a percentage of 46.5% who are in the category of often applying the habituation method. (2) The religious character of seventh grade students at MTs Model Ihsaniyah is classified as sufficient. This is evident from the average results of the pretest assessment of religious character before treatment is 25.86 and the average results of the posttest assessment of students' religious character after treatment is 32.60. (3) The habituation method is effective on the formation of religious character of seventh grade students at MTs Model Ihsaniyah Tegal City. This is evident from the results of research showing that t0 is greater than tt at the 5% significance level comparing the magnitude of "t" that researchers obtained (t0 = 16.68) and the magnitude of "t" listed on tt which is 2.62 (16.68> 2.62) which means Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected and means that there is effectiveness of variable X on variable Y.
Percepatan Transformasi Nagari Talang Babungo menuju Pengembangan Pariwisata Berkelanjutan melalui Pelatihan Penguatan Infrastruktur dan Akses Internet
Authors: Rasyidah  , Erianda Aldo , Hidayat Rahmat , Alde Alanda  , Mooduto Hanriyawan Adnan
Published: March 2024

Transformasi digital sangat penting untuk mengatasi berbagai masalah pembangunan. Transformasi digital, termasuk sektor pariwisata, dipengaruhi oleh globalisasi, perilaku konsumen yang berubah, perubahan iklim dan lingkungan, dan kemajuan teknologi yang cepat. Dengan sebagian besar wilayahnya  pedesaan, Indonesia memiliki banyak potensi untuk pariwisata. Maka penting penerapan topologi jaringan internet desa wisata memiliki efek positif dan signifikan terhadap percepatan pengembangan destinasi wisata berkelanjutan di Nagari Talang Babungo. Ini dapat dilihat dari peningkatan kualitas layanan internet, peningkatan kunjungan wisatawan, peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat, peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat, dan peningkatan pelestarian lingkungan. Dengan mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis kebutuhan, perancangan jaringan yang efektif dan murah dapat dicapai. hotspot-net menggunakan router yang dilengkapi dengan sistem operasi Mikrotik untuk mengimplementasikan sistem ini. Untuk memanfaatkan transisinya, Access Point Wireless digunakan sebagai infrastruktur jaringan. Salah satu fitur jaringan internet desa wisata ini adalah filter DNS, yang memungkinkan untuk memblokir situs web yang bertentangan dengan norma budaya dan agama masyarakat lokal. Selain itu, jaringan internet desa wisata ini dilengkapi dengan AdGuard, yang memiliki kemampuan untuk menghapus iklan yang mengganggu pengguna internet. Selain itu, jaringan internet desa wisata ini memiliki webserver yang menyediakan profil, fasilitas, produk, dan kegiatan desa wisata.
Optimalisasi Pengelolaan Data Administrasi Masyarakat melalui Aplikasi AppSIMDUK (Studi Kasus RT 2 RW 5 Kelurahan Koto Luar Pauh Padang)
Authors: Rozi Fazrol , Azmi Meri , Afyenni Rita , Andrazat Jacky , Sonatha Yance
Published: March 2024

Rukun Tetangga (RT) is the smallest unit of government structure in Indonesia which is at the sub-district or village level. RT is an organisation responsible for providing services to the community at the local level. Each RT has duties and functions in terms of administration and services to residents in the surrounding environment. This community service activity attempts to implement the Village Government, Business and Financial Information System (AppSIMDUK) application in RT 2 RW 5 Koto Luar Subdistrict, Pauh Padang District. This activity is an endeavour to improve the local administration of community administrative data. Implementation methods include preliminary studies to understand requirements, application development, training and simulation of application use, implementation in the field, as well as monitoring and evaluation of activities. The results of this activity show that respondents, notably RT heads and appointed officers, gave positive responses to the use of the application. However, there are recommendations to provide additional training sessions or manuals to increase the efficacy of using the application. In addition, a number of respondents suggested aesthetic enhancements and the addition of community-related elements. Thus, the implementation of AppSIMDUK has the potential to improve the effectiveness of local government administration
Pedagogia bliskości międzyludzkiej
Authors: Godawa Grzegorz
Published: March 2024

Publikacja z pewnością wzbudzi zainteresowanie teoretyków i praktyków z obszaru nie tylko pedagogiki, ale i nauk społecznych oraz medycznych, a także humanistycznych, filozoficznych i teologicznych. Z łatwością dostrzegą oni, że w monografii uwzględniony został ich wkład w analizowaną problematykę bliskości w relacjach międzyludzkich, zwłaszcza w sytuacjach choroby.
SKRIVENI KURIKULUM I IMPLICITNE TEORIJE NASTAVNIKA KAO ODREDNICE OBRAZOVNO-VASPITNOG PROCESA
Authors: Marić Jurišin Stanislava , Malčić Borka , Dragojević Tamara
Published: March 2024

Kurikulum, kao značajni dokument škole, predmet je brojnih istraživanja i rasprava u obrazovno-vaspitnom procesu. Kada govorimo o kurikulumu, nezaobilazno je razjasniti i osvetliti i pojam skrivenog kurikuluma. On se definiše kao diskrepancija između onoga što podrazumeva službeni kurikulum i onoga što se odvija u školama. Skriveni kurikulum u znatnoj meri može imati uticaja na kvalitet obrazovanja, jer podrazumeva celokupno okruženje u kojem učenici uče. S obzirom na to da su nastavnici odgovorni za implementaciju kurikuluma, od njih se očekuje da prenesu učenicima sve one vrednosti koje formalnim kurikulumom nisu obuhvaćene. Prenošenje vrednosti najčešće se odvija putem implicitinih poruka, a često ni nastavnici, a ni učenici nisu svesni tih poruka. Implicitna teorija nastavnika predstavlja uverenja i vrednosti nastavnika o tome kako nastavnik percipira učenika, koju teoriju učenja primenjuje i kako percipira detinjstvo. Naime, skriveni kurikulum postaje sastavni deo implicitne teorije nastavnika. U nastavi koja je fokusirana na učenika, nastavnik i dalje ima centralnu ulogu, tako da se može reći da je njegova implicitna teorija integralni deo za ostvarivanje obrazovno-vaspitne prakse. Nalazi prikazanih relevantnih istraživanja potvrđuju tezu da skriveni kurikulum može imati snažniji uticaj u odnosu na službeni kurikulum. U svetlu savremene obrazovne paradigme o celoživotnom učenju, implikacije ovog rada ogledaju se u isticanju uloge nastavnika kao refleksivnog praktičara koji svoju praksu kontinuirano istražuje i preispituje.
ОБРАЗОВНИ ЕФЕКТИ УЧЕЊА РЈЕШАВАЊЕМ ИСТРАЖИВАЧКИХ ЗАДАТАКА У НАСТАВИ ПРИРОДЕ И ДРУШТВА
Authors: Кончар Joвана
Published: March 2024

Тежиште наставног рада у савременој настави усмјерено је на замјену нека- дашњег енциклопедијског приступа поступцима, методама, облицима, систе- мима рада окренутим ка рјешавању проблема, практичној примјени знања, ис- траживању. Истраживачки задаци јављају се као један од предуслова усвајања цјеловитих и трајних знања. У раду су презентована новија теоријско-мето- долошка сазнања о образовним ефектима учења путем рјешавања истражи- вачких задатака у настави природе и друштва. С тим у вези, за реализовано истраживање постављен је циљ како би се утврдило да ли се учењем путем рјешавања истраживачких задатака у настави природе и друштва постижу већи образовни ефекти (већи и квалитетнији ниво знања), те већи резултати рада свих ученика или појединаца. Истраживање је проведено на узорку од 40 ученика IV разреда основне школе из Приједора. Током истраживања кориште- на је експериментална метода. Техника прикупљања података јесте техника тестирања, док је инструмент истраживања тест знања из познавања при- роде и друштва А форма (иницијални и финални). Према резултатима, постоји статистички значајна разлика у резултатима учења (већи и квалитетнији ниво знања) међу ученицима који су радили на истраживачким задацима у односу на ученике у традиционалној настави (прва хипотеза), те постоји статистички значајна разлика у резултатима рада свих ученика или појединаца који су радили на истраживачким задацима у односу на ученике у традиционалној настави (друга хипотеза). Резултати истраживања указују на потребу и могућност преиспитивања постојећих образаца наставног рада током реализације на- ставних садржаја природе и друштва, те имплементирања више истраживач- ких задатака за самостални, групни и тандемски рад ученика.
Developmental conversion of thymocyte-attracting cells into self-antigen-displaying cells in embryonic thymus medulla epithelium
Authors: Ohigashi Izumi , White Andrea J , Yang Mei-Ting , Fujimori Sayumi , Tanaka Yu , Jacques Alison , Kiyonari Hiroshi , Matsushita Yosuke , Turan Sevilay , Kelly Michael C , Anderson Graham , Takahama Yousuke
Published: March 2024

Thymus medulla epithelium establishes immune self-tolerance and comprises diverse cellular subsets. Functionally relevant medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) include a self-antigen-displaying subset that exhibits genome-wide promiscuous gene expression promoted by the nuclear protein Aire and that resembles a mosaic of extrathymic cells including mucosal tuft cells. An additional mTEC subset produces the chemokine CCL21, thereby attracting positively selected thymocytes from the cortex to the medulla. Both self-antigen-displaying and thymocyte-attracting mTEC subsets are essential for self-tolerance. Here, we identify a developmental pathway by which mTECs gain their diversity in functionally distinct subsets. We show that CCL21-expressing mTECs arise early during thymus ontogeny in mice. Fate-mapping analysis reveals that self-antigen-displaying mTECs, including Aire-expressing mTECs and thymic tuft cells, are derived from CCL21-expressing cells. The differentiation capability of CCL21-expressing embryonic mTECs is verified in reaggregate thymus experiments. These results indicate that CCL21-expressing embryonic mTECs carry a developmental potential to give rise to self-antigen-displaying mTECs, revealing that the sequential conversion of thymocyte-attracting subset into self-antigen-displaying subset serves to assemble functional diversity in the thymus medulla epithelium.
A novel imaging method (FIM-ID) reveals that myofibrillogenesis plays a major role in the mechanically induced growth of skeletal muscle
Authors: Jorgenson Kent W , Hibbert Jamie E , Sayed Ramy KA , Lange Anthony N , Godwin Joshua S , Mesquita Paulo HC , Ruple Bradley A , McIntosh Mason C , Kavazis Andreas N , Roberts Michael D , Hornberger Troy A
Published: March 2024

An increase in mechanical loading, such as that which occurs during resistance exercise, induces radial growth of muscle fibers (i.e. an increase in cross-sectional area). Muscle fibers are largely composed of myofibrils, but whether radial growth is mediated by an increase in the size of the myofibrils (i.e. myofibril hypertrophy) and/or the number of myofibrils (i.e. myofibrillogenesis) is not known. Electron microscopy (EM) can provide images with the level of resolution that is needed to address this question, but the acquisition and subsequent analysis of EM images is a time- and cost-intensive process. To overcome this, we developed a novel method for visualizing myofibrils with a standard fluorescence microscope (fluorescence imaging of myofibrils with image deconvolution [FIM-ID]). Images from FIM-ID have a high degree of resolution and contrast, and these properties enabled us to develop pipelines for automated measurements of myofibril size and number. After extensively validating the automated measurements, we used both mouse and human models of increased mechanical loading to discover that the radial growth of muscle fibers is largely mediated by myofibrillogenesis. Collectively, the outcomes of this study offer insight into a fundamentally important topic in the field of muscle growth and provide future investigators with a time- and cost-effective means to study it.
Efficient-gastro: optimized EfficientNet model for the detection of gastrointestinal disorders using transfer learning and wireless capsule endoscopy images
Authors: Al-Otaibi Shaha , Rehman Amjad , Mujahid Muhammad , Alotaibi Sarah , Saba Tanzila
Published: March 2024

Gastrointestinal diseases cause around two million deaths globally. Wireless capsule endoscopy is a recent advancement in medical imaging, but manual diagnosis is challenging due to the large number of images generated. This has led to research into computer-assisted methodologies for diagnosing these images. Endoscopy produces thousands of frames for each patient, making manual examination difficult, laborious, and error-prone. An automated approach is essential to speed up the diagnosis process, reduce costs, and potentially save lives. This study proposes transfer learning-based efficient deep learning methods for detecting gastrointestinal disorders from multiple modalities, aiming to detect gastrointestinal diseases with superior accuracy and reduce the efforts and costs of medical experts. The Kvasir eight-class dataset was used for the experiment, where endoscopic images were preprocessed and enriched with augmentation techniques. An EfficientNet model was optimized via transfer learning and fine tuning, and the model was compared to the most widely used pre-trained deep learning models. The model’s efficacy was tested on another independent endoscopic dataset to prove its robustness and reliability.
A Rare Case of Diffuse Neurofibroma Mimicking as Hairy Naevus or Vascular Malformation: A Surgeon’s Perspective
Authors: Nirhale Dakshayani , Gaudani Romi , Wante Mahendra Gurupal , Galam Pushkar
Published: March 2024

Nevi are areas of melanocytic hyperplasia or neoplasia. These collections can be found in the epidermis, partially in the dermis, or completely within the dermis. They commonly develop in childhood and young adulthood and sometimes spontaneously regress. Exposure to Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is associated with increased density of these lesions. In contrast, neurofibromas are benign proliferations made up of all nerve elements and arise as fleshy and non tender, sessile, or pedunculated masses on the skin. They can arise sporadically or in association with type 1 Neurofibromatosis (NF), and in these cases, are associated with café-au-lait spots and Lisch nodules. In the present report, authors present a case diagnosed clinically as a giant naevus on the dorsum of the right hand in an adult patient (26-year-old female) with no other associated secondary swellings elsewhere in the body. However, further radiological investigations revealed a case of vascular malformation. Postoperatively, histopathological examination showed features of diffuse neurofibroma. The present case report enables the surgeon to consider various rare differential diagnosis for swelling in the extremities, even when it is not reflected in the clinical or radiological findings. Thus, a detailed history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests, keeping in mind all possible differential diagnosis, should be performed.
Impact of Work from Home on Sri Lankan Teachers’ Teaching and Learning Process
Authors: Weerasinghe WDPD , Wickramasinghe Mihiri
Published: March 2024

Aims: This paper aims to analyze the impact of working from home on teachers' teaching and learning processes in a chosen Province in Sri Lanka From teachers’ perspective.

Study Design: This study follows the exploratory type and a questionnaire survey will be used to collect data.

Methodology: The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to understand the teaching and learning process of teachers in the chosen province in Sri Lanka and Regression analysis to understand the impact of an independent variable on the study’s dependent variable.

Results: The positive effect of Infrastructure Facilities, Family Interference, and Technology Literacy on teachers' online teaching and learning process were statistically significant at 0.05 level. But, the significant value of Social Distractions was 0.764 which is above the standard level. Hence the impact of Social Distractions on online teaching and learning process was statistically insignificant at 0.05 level. Furthermore, infrastructure facilities were a highly influential factor in the online teaching and learning process.

Conclusion: The research was limited to one province in Sri Lanka, and thus, it may not be possible to conclude the results of an entire country. In this modern world schools in developing countries should be adapted to these new technological changes. Teachers, administration, and Government may utilize the findings of this study in their decision-making. The study shows useful perceptions of how work from home impacts teachers' teaching and learning processes.
Evaluating the Effects of Fertilizers and Bio-stimulants on Field Performance of Amaranthus dubius
Authors: Aluko Matthew,
Published: March 2024

Aims: The continuous increase in human population warrants more food production. Amaranthus spp. is one of the most consumed leafy vegetables globally. A field experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekit Nigeria to assess the effects of fertilizers and bio-stimulants on the growth and performance of Amaranthus dubius.
Methodology: The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The Amaranthus dubius seeds were sown under open field conditions and the treatments included aqueous moringa leaf extract (AMLE), NPK 15:15:15, poultry manure, grand humus, and super gro which were applied at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after sowing WAS. Data were collected 7 days after each application on on leaf area (cm3), plant height (cm), stem girth (cm), and total fresh biomass (g). The collected data were analysed using IRRI STAR 2.0.
Results: The result revealed that all the treatments were significantly different (P>0.05) for all the parameters studied. AMLE recorded the highest value for all the parameters studied while control had the lowest values. For the total fresh biomass, AMLE recorded the highest mean value (1981.33) followed by NPK 15:15:15 (1535.00) and poultry manure (140.67) respectively while control had the least mean value (640.33).
Conclusion: Amaranthus dubius was a short live plant response to AMLE and NPK 15:15:15 than the other treatment applied. It is therefore recommended that AMLE should be applied to boost the performance of Amaranthus dubius.
Bauhinia thonningii Schumach & Thonn (Fabaceae): Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Barks
Authors: Brice Bredou Jean , Axel Adou Demel , Benson Boua Boua
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study was to identify the groups of chemical compounds present in the aqueous extract of B. thoninginii bark from Ivorian flora and to assess its antibacterial activity against multi-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii. Phytochemical sorting was used to identify polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, alkaloids, terpenes and derivatives. The levels of polyphenols, flavonoids, flavone aglycones, anthocyanins and condensed tannins were respectively 0.748 ± 0.03, 0.091 ± 0.01, 0.0094 ± 0.03, 0.0359 ± 0.01 and 0.117 ± 0.02 mg EAG /g MS. Sensitivity tests showed that BT was ineffective against multi-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii.
A Review on Propelling Agricultural Practices with Biotechnology into a New Era
Authors: Shikha Deep , Sindhura Kopparthi Amrutha Valli , Rastogi Mausmi , Saritha B. , Satapathy Satya Narayan , Srivastava Swapnil , Kurdekar Akshay Kumar
Published: March 2024

The profound impact of biotechnological advancements on Indian agriculture, highlighting the transformative potential of integrating cutting-edge biotechnologies to propel agricultural practices into a new era. It meticulously examines the historical evolution of agricultural biotechnology in India, identifying key technological milestones that have significantly enhanced crop yield, nutrition, and stress resistance. Special emphasis is placed on the revolutionary roles of genetic modification, CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, and the application of biopesticides and biofertilizers, showcasing their contribution to sustainable farming practices. The analysis further explores the socio-economic implications of these biotechnological interventions, including their effects on food security, employment opportunities, and rural development, while also addressing public concerns and ethical considerations surrounding genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Challenges and limitations, such as technical hurdles, regulatory frameworks, and public perception, are critically assessed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current landscape. The article concludes with a forward-looking perspective on future advancements, emphasizing the potential of novel technologies like gene drives, synthetic biology, and nanotechnology, along with the integration of big data and artificial intelligence, to further enhance precision agriculture. Collaborative efforts and policy recommendations are proposed to navigate the challenges and harness the opportunities presented by biotechnology for sustainable agricultural advancements. Through this review, the article aims to contribute to the discourse on biotechnology's pivotal role in ensuring food security, adapting to climate change, and fostering sustainable development in India's agricultural sector, thereby supporting the global quest for sustainable food systems.
Evaluation of Various Therapeutic Approaches in Treating Medication-related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: A Systematic Review
Authors: Andrade Mário Jorge Augusto de , Leal Marilia de Oliveira Coelho Dutra , Jodas Claudio Roberto Pacheco , Machado Renato Assis , Bachesk Andressa Bolognesi , Teixeira Rubens Gonçalves
Published: March 2024

Background and Aims: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) is a significant and potentially debilitating side effect caused by antiresorptive and antiangiogenic drugs, which can lead to bone exposure in the oral cavity. However, the management of this condition remains controversial, with adjuvant therapies being employed despite limited scientific evidence. This systematic review aimed to identify effective therapeutic procedures for treating MRONJ.

Methodology: A literature search was conducted without any temporal limitations. The PRISMA protocol was followed. To identify relevant studies, we developed electronic search strategies for various bibliographic databases, as Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. It was conducted a comprehensive analysis of 30 studies involving 2,079 patients from 35 countries to evaluate the effectiveness of various treatment approaches for MRONJ.

Results: The systematic review revealed that long-term use of Zoledronic acid for approximately 452.04 months (±27.41; 12-102) exposed many patients (n=772) to the risk of MRONJ. Similarly, Alendronate use for approximately 104.4 months (±60.16; 6-180) also posed a risk, affecting 650 patients, while Pamidronate use for about 20.74 months (±4.94; 6-96) was associated with MRONJ risk in 121 patients. Among the treatment approaches, conservative surgical management was the most frequently employed (27.92%), followed by local debridement (13.57%) and conservative treatment (11.21%). Treatment complications were observed in 13.03% of cases, with the most frequent complications being resistant or worsening clinical stage of osteonecrosis, followed by incomplete mucosal healing or dehiscence and mental nerve injury.

Conclusion: While conservative surgical management, local debridement, and conservative treatment are commonly utilized approaches, the treatment of MRONJ lacks a standardized consensus due to the scarcity of scientific evidence. Further research and comprehensive studies are imperative to establish effective therapeutic strategies for managing this condition.
Evaluation of Impact of Calcination Temperatures on Kola Nut Pod Residue as Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis
Authors: Oyedele, O. A.  , Jekayinfa, S. O.  , Alade, A. O.
Published: March 2024

The research explores the viability of Kola Nut Pod (KNP) residue, derived from kola fruit in West African countries, as a catalyst for biodiesel synthesis. The abundant KNP husk, a byproduct, raises environmental concerns if discarded directly. The study aims to utilize KNP as a biocatalyst to address environmental issues and reduce biodiesel feedstock costs. Applying calcination temperatures from 500 to 900 ℃, the resulting ash undergoes chemical analysis to determine the optimal temperature for catalyst formation. The material undergoes pre-treatment, including drying and grinding, with varied calcination temperatures to obtain ash products. Chemical, elemental, and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses characterize both uncalcined and calcined samples. The uncalcined sample contains SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, MgO, K2O, and other oxides, with CaO as the predominant component. Calcination temperature effects indicate increased SiO2 and Al2O3, while CaO remains stable, presenting KNP as a promising biodiesel catalyst feedstock. Elemental composition analysis identifies potassium as the key catalytic contributor. The CaO content shows an increase from the uncalcined state (29.52%) to 42.81% at 500 and 600°C, and relatively stable at 41% from 700 to 900°C. The elemental composition reveals that potassium is the most abundant element at 31.7%, followed by calcium (17%), and magnesium (7.4%). XRD analysis confirms CaO as the primary compound in calcined KNP ash, with Ca (OH)2 and KCl occurrences. The study offers insights into the optimal calcination temperature for KNP-derived catalysts, underscoring Kola Nut Pod residue's potential as a cost-effective and eco-friendly source for biodiesel production.
An Overview of Geomorphological Mapping: A Case Study of Rimbi Chhu River Basin, Sikkim, India
Authors: Choudhury Taniya
Published: March 2024

Geomorphology is the primary science which demonstrates the basic understanding and mapping of terrain features. A geomorphological map consists of scientific data and dynamic source of information on characteristics of landforms, their origin and evolution, which can be recorded in a map form. Basin hydrology also gets impacted by the terrain features of a basin as overland flow, stream flow and through flow is largely determined by the underneath surface. The configuration of the basin topography reflects the nature of the interaction between process and form. Profound understanding and in depth analysis of geomorphological features of a river basin can provide beneficial information for predicting, preventing and mitigating natural hazards; managing natural resources sustainably for future generation. Implementation of remote sensing and GIS techniques have fostered incredible improvements in landform recognition and accelerated the growth of geomorphological research. The river Rimbi Chhu has been selected as the study area in order to determine terrain configuration in relation with geomorphological features of the basin area. Visual representation of terrain (such as aspect, slope, channel networks, different river profiles, shaded relief and flow direction) and geomorphological (saddle, ridge line, convex-concave slope, rounded hills, fault for instance) derivatives is therefore illustrated, as well as a description of the challenges and crisis that can occur in this context.
Prospecting Efficacy of Native Bacterial Bioagents against Blast Disease and their Potential for Plant Growth Promotion in Finger Millet
Authors: Hemalatha T. M. , Madhavilatha L. , Vajantha B. , Jayalakshmi R. Sarada , Sumathi V. , Vasanthi R. P. , Tagore K. R.
Published: March 2024

Thirty-seven isolates of pseudomonas and bacillus were isolated from the phylloplane of healthy finger millet leaves. Two of the bacterial isolates showing maximum inhibition against the blast pathogen under invitro conditions were characterized by biochemical test and molecular characterization using 16SrRNA sequencing and also evaluated for hydrolytic enzyme activity under growth promotion activity. The isolates were identified to be Pseudomonas fluorescens (P-9) and Bacillus subtilis (B-10) showing 100% nucleotide similarity with reported strains. Field evaluation with microbial consortium (P-9 & B-10) as talc formulation resulted in significant reduction in leaf blast severity (55.15%), neck blast (44.44 %) and finger blast (46.02 % ) along with a 35.17 % increase in grain yield over control and highest cost benefit ratio of 1: 1.53 over control.
Exploring Seed Production Techniques for Flowering Annuals: A Comprehensive Overview
Authors: Patra Sailendri Kumari , Kumari V. Lakshmi Prasanna , Senapati Subrat Kumar , Mohanty Sukirti , Kumar Ankit , Chittibomma Karthik , Malathi G. , Vijayan R.
Published: March 2024

This comprehensive overview delves into the intricate techniques involved in seed production for flowering annuals. From selecting suitable varieties to understanding pollination dynamics, harvesting, and storage, this review provides valuable insights into the complex process of seed production. Drawing upon the latest research and practical considerations, it highlights the importance of proper management practices for maintaining genetic purity and seed viability. By exploring the various methodologies and considerations, this abstract aims to provide a foundational understanding for both home gardeners and commercial growers seeking to optimize seed production in flowering annuals. This paper presents a thorough examination of seed production methodologies tailored for flowering annuals. By addressing key aspects such as variety selection, pollination strategies, harvesting techniques, and storage protocols, it offers a comprehensive guide for both novice gardeners and seasoned professionals. Through a synthesis of empirical research and practical insights, it underscores the significance of meticulous management in ensuring the quality and sustainability of seed stocks. With a focus on enhancing understanding and proficiency, this abstract serves as a valuable resource for individuals seeking to maximize the yield and diversity of flowering annuals in their cultivation endeavors.
Effects of gamma radiation on β‐lactoglobulin: Oligomerization and aggregation
Authors: Oliveira Cristiano L. P. , Hoz Lucia de la , Silva Julio C. , Torriani Iris L. , Netto Flavia M.
Published: October 2006

The conformational changes and aggregation process of β‐lactoglobulin (β‐LG) subjected to gamma irradiation are presented. β‐LG in solutions of different protein concentrations (3 and 10 mg/ml) and in solid state with different water activities (aw) (0.22; 0.53; 0.74) was irradiated using a Cobalt‐60 radiation source at dose level of 1–50 kGy. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) was used to study the conformational changes of β‐LG due to the irradiation treatment. The irradiated protein was also examined by high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) under nonreducing and reducing conditions and fluorescence. SAXS analysis showed that the structural conformation of irradiated β‐LG in solid state at different aw and dose level was essentially the same as the nonirradiated β‐LG. The scattering data also showed that the irradiation of β‐LG in solution promoted the formation of oligomers. Interestingly, from the data analysis and model building, it could be shown that the formed oligomers are linear molecules, built by linear combinations of β‐LG dimers (tetramers, hexamers, etc). The formation of oligomers was also evidenced by SDS–PAGE analysis and HPSEC chromatograms, in which products with higher molecular mass than that of the dimeric β‐LG were detected. Formation of intermolecular cross‐linking between tyrosyl radicals are proposed to be at least partially responsible for this occurrence. From the results it could be shown that the samples irradiated in solution presented some conformational changes under gamma irradiation, resulting in well ordered oligomers and aggregates formed by cross‐linking of β‐LG dimers subunits, while the samples irradiated in the solid state were not modified. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 85: 284–294, 2007.

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
OO Bond Formation in the S4 State of the Oxygen‐Evolving Complex in Photosystem II
Authors: Siegbahn Per E. M.
Published: October 2006

Based on recent X‐ray structures of the oxygen‐evolving complex in photosystem II, quantum chemical geometry optimizations of several thousand structures have been performed in order to elucidate the mechanism for dioxygen formation. Many of the results of these calculations have been presented previously. The energetically most stable structure of the S4 state has been used in the present study to investigate essentially all the possible ways the OO bond can be formed in this structure. A key feature, emphasized previously, of the S4 state is that an oxygen radical ligand is present rather than an MnV state. Previous studies have indicated that this oxygen radical can form an OO bond by an attack from a water molecule in the second coordination shell. The present systematic investigation has led to a new type of mechanism that is significantly favored over the previous one. A calculated transition‐state barrier of 12.5 kcal mol−1 was found for this mechanism, whereas the best previous results gave 18–20 kcal mol−1. A requirement on the spin alignment for a low barrier is formulated.
Cover Picture: Antibiotic Resistance: Mono‐ and Dinuclear Zinc Complexes as Metallo‐β‐Lactamase Mimics (Chem. Eur. J. 30/2006)
Authors: Tamilselvi A. , Nethaji Munirathinam , Mugesh G.
Published: October 2006

Survival techniques have been evolved by bacteria to afford resistance to currently available antibiotics. One of these methods is the generation of β‐lactamases that hydrolyze the β‐lactam ring in antibiotics, as shown in the cover picture. In their Full Paper on page 7797 ff., G. Mugesh et al. describe a novel bioinorganic system as a functional mimic of the antibacterial‐resistant enzyme metallo‐β‐lactamase.
Ion‐Induced Biomolecular Radiation Damage: From Isolated Nucleobases to Nucleobase Clusters
Authors: Schlathölter Thomas , Alvarado Fresia , Bari Sadia , Lecointre Aurelie , Hoekstra Ronnie , Bernigaud Virgil , Manil Bruno , Rangama Jimmy , Huber Bernd
Published: October 2006

A large number of studies are devoted to the investigation of the biomolecular ionization and fragmentation dynamics underlying biological radiation damage. Most of these studies have been based on gas‐phase collisions with isolated DNA building blocks. The radiobiological significance of these studies is often questioned because of the lack of a chemical environment. To clarify this aspect, we studied interactions of keV ions with isolated nucleobases and with nucleobase clusters by means of coincidence time‐of‐flight spectrometry. Significant changes already show up in the molecular fragmentation patterns of very small clusters.
Identification of the D3h Isomer of Carbon Trioxide (CO3) and Its Implications for Atmospheric Chemistry
Authors: Jamieson Corey S. , Mebel Alexander M. , Kaiser Ralf I.
Published: October 2006

The CO3 molecule is considered an important reaction intermediate in the atmospheres of Earth and Mars for quenching electronically excited oxygen atoms and in contributing to the anomalous 18O isotope enrichment. The geometry of the CO3 intermediate plays an important role in explaining these effects; however, only the cyclic (C2v) isomer has been experimentally confirmed so far. Here, we report on the first spectroscopic detection of the acyclic (D3h) isomer of carbon trioxide (12C16O3) via its ν1 and ν2 vibrational modes centered around 1165 cm−1 under matrix isolation conditions; the identification of the 12C18O3, 13C16O3, 13C18O3, 16O12C18O2, and 18O12C16O2 isotopomers of the acyclic isomer confirms the assignments.
Distributed radio access technology selection for adaptive networks in high‐speed, B3G infrastructures
Authors: Tsagkaris K. , Dimitrakopoulos G. , Saatsakis A. , Demestichas P.
Published: October 2006

Wireless systems migrate towards the era of ‘Beyond the 3rd Generation’ (B3G). A fundamental facilitator of this vision is the evolution of high speed, adaptive networks, needed for better handling the offered demand and improving resource utilization. Adaptive networks dynamically select their configuration, in order to optimally adapt to the changing environment requirements and conditions. This paper presents optimization functionality that can be used to support network adaptability (cognition‐reconfigurability) in a B3G context. The paper starts from the business case that justifies the need for placing research onto adaptive networks and then continues with the management functionality for (re)configuration decisions, which is targeted to the dynamic selection of the appropriate radio access technologies (RATs). RAT selection is modelled through an optimization problem called (RAT, Demand and QoS‐Assignment problem—RDQ‐A), the solution of which assigns in a distributed manner the available RATs to adaptive Base Station transceivers and the demand (users) to these transceivers and to QoS levels, respectively. The RDQ‐A optimization problem is decoupled in several sub‐problems and is implemented in phases corresponding to the aforementioned assignments, while efficient custom greedy algorithms are mobilized in each phase for obtaining the optimum assignment. Finally, indicative results from the application of the proposed functionality to a simulated network are presented. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increased osteoblast adhesion on nanograined Ti modified with KRSR
Authors: Balasundaram Ganesan , Webster Thomas J.
Published: October 2006

Peptide sequences such as lysine‐arginine‐serine‐arginine (KRSR) selectively bind transmembrane proteoglycans (e.g. heparin sulfate) of osteoblasts (bone‐forming cells) and are, therefore, actively being investigated for orthopedic applications. Further, nanophase materials (or materials with grain or particle sizes less than 100 nm) are promising new materials that promote new bone growth more than compared to conventional (that is, micron grain or particle size) materials. To combine the above two promising approaches for improving orthopedic implants, the objective of this in vitro study was to functionalize titanium (Ti) surfaces (both nanophase and conventional) with KRSR peptides and study their osteoblast cell adhesive properties. Materials were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Results of this in vitro study provided evidence of increased osteoblast adhesion on nanophase compared to conventional Ti whether functionalized with KRSR or not. Results further showed that the immobilization of KRSR onto Ti (both nanophase and conventional) increased osteoblast adhesion compared to respective nonfunctionalized Ti and those functionalized with the negative control peptide KSRR. Most importantly, osteoblast adhesion on nonfunctionalized nanophase Ti increased compared to conventional Ti functionalized with KRSR. Further, select initial osteoblast adhesion was observed to occur at particle boundaries for any type of nanophase and conventional Ti formulated in this study. In summary, results provided evidence that not only should nonfunctionalized nanophase Ti be further studied for improved orthopedic applications but so should nanophase Ti functionalized with KRSR. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Enhancement of in vitro osteogenesis on titanium by chemically produced nanotopography
Authors: de Oliveira Paulo Tambasco , Zalzal Sylvia Francis , Beloti Marcio Mateus , Rosa Adalberto Luiz , Nanci Antonio
Published: October 2006

The surface characteristics of biomaterials can influence protein adsorption, cellular functions, and ultimately tissue formation. Controlled chemical oxidation of titanium‐based surfaces with a mixture of H2SO4/H2O2 creates a nanopatterned surface that has been shown to affect early osteogenic events. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect over time of this nanopattern on various key parameters of osteogenesis, and determine whether these effects ultimately translate into more mineralized matrix production. Osteogenic cells were obtained by enzymatic digestion of newborn rat calvaria and grown on treated and untreated titanium discs for periods of up to 14 days. Alkaline phosphatase activity peaked earlier and cell number was higher as of day 7 on the nanopatterned discs. Immunofluorescence showed that the treated surface favored early bone sialoprotein and osteopontin secretion, and fibronectin accumulation. Alizarin red staining revealed that, at days 10 and 14, there were significantly more mineralized nodules on treated than on untreated discs. These results demonstrate that simple chemical treatment of titanium with H2SO4/H2O2 accelerates the in vitro osteogenic potential of calvaria‐derived cells. They also suggest that this treatment may represent an advantageous approach for producing “intelligent surfaces” that stimulate bone formation and enhance bone‐implant contact. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
(−)‐epigallocatechin gallate enhances prostaglandin F2α‐induced VEGF synthesis via upregulating SAPK/JNK activation in osteoblasts
Authors: Tokuda Haruhiko , Takai Shinji , Matsushima‐Nishiwaki Rie , Akamatsu Shigeru , Hanai Yoshiteru , Hosoi Takayuki , Harada Atsushi , Ohta Toshiki , Kozawa Osamu
Published: October 2006

Catechin, one of the major flavonoids presented in plants such as tea, reportedly suppresses bone resorption. We previously reported that prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) stimulates the synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) via p44/p42 mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase in osteoblast‐like MC3T3‐E1 cells. To clarify the mechanism of catechin effect on osteoblasts, we investigated the effect of (−)‐epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), one of the major green tea flavonoids, on the VEGF synthesis by PGF2α in MC3T3‐E1 cells. The PGF2α‐induced VEGF synthesis was significantly enhanced by EGCG. The amplifying effect of EGCG was dose dependent between 10 and 100 µM. EGCG did not affect the PGF2α‐induced phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase. SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase, and SP600125, a specific inhibitor of stress‐activated protein kinase/c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK), reduced the PGF2α‐induced VEGF synthesis. EGCG markedly enhanced the phosphorylation of SAPK/JNK induced by PGF2α without affecting the PGF2α‐induced phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase. SP600125 markedly reduced the amplification by EGCG of the SAPK/JNK phosphorylation. In addition, the PGF2α‐induced phosphorylation of c‐Jun was amplified by EGCG. These results strongly suggest that EGCG upregulate PGF2α‐stimulated VEGF synthesis resulting from amplifying activation of SAPK/JNK in osteoblasts. J. Cell. Biochem. 100: 1146–1153, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Template atom transfer radical polymerization of a diaminopyrimidine‐derivatized monomer in the presence of a uracil‐containing polymer
Authors: Tang Huadong , Radosz Maciej , Shen Youqing
Published: October 2006

Uracil‐derivatized monomer 6‐undecyl‐1‐(4‐vinylbenzyl)uracil and diaminopyrimidine‐derivatized monomer 2,6‐dioctanoylamido‐4‐methacryloyloxypyrimidine (DMP) were synthesized and polymerized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). A well‐defined, highly soluble, uracil‐containing polymer, poly[6‐undecyl‐1‐(4‐vinylbenzyl)uracil] (PUVU), was prepared in dioxane at 90 °C with CuBr/1,1,4,7,10,10‐hexamethyltriethylenetetramine as the catalyst and methyl α‐bromophenylacetate as the initiator. PUVU was further used as a template for the ATRP of DMP. The enhanced apparent rate constant of the DMP polymerization in the presence of PUVU indicated that the ATRP of DMP occurred along the PUVU template. The template polymerization produced a stable and insoluble macromolecular complex, PUVU/poly(2,6‐dioctanoylamido‐4‐methacryloyloxypyrimidine). An X‐ray diffraction study confirmed that the complex had strandlike domains. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 6607–6615, 2006