bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHURCH DOCUMENTS AS IMPORTANT SOURCES OF GENEALOGY
Authors: Yuliia Kondratiuk Yuliia Kondratiuk
Published: January 2022

The article concerns the representation of the Orthodox Church main documents, which are the basis for genealogical research.
The main stages of informational and structural formation of these types of documents on the basis of archival materials, legislative acts, and scientific literature are studied. The paper also outlines the type of information that can be obtained by researchers in order to recreate family stories.
It has been established that owing to the sufficient attention that has always been paid by authorities to the preservation of church documents, we still have the opportunity to use such important sources of information.
Keywords: document, church, genealogy, storage.
Dani prikupljanja uspomena iz Prvog svjetskog rata u Bosni i Hercegovini = Europeana 194-1918 / Days of Collecting Memories From the First World War in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Ovčina Ismet , Smajić Muamera
Published: February 2022

Nacionalna i univerzitetska biblioteka BiH pridružila se projektu Europeana 1914–1918 s ciljem obilježavanja stogodišnjice Prvog svjetskog rata. Projekat je podrazumijevao organizovanje Dana prikupljanja na koje su gra-đani BiH imali priliku donijeti priče, predmete, slike vezane za ove događaje i svojim uspomenama doprinijeti bogaćenju velikog panevropskog arhiva u svrhu očuvanja kulturno-historijskog naslijeđa. = National and University Library of Bosnia and Herzegovina joined the project Europeana 1914–1918 with the aim of celebration of the centenary from beginning of the World War I. The project implied the organization of Collection Days at which the citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina had the opportunity to bring stories, objects, images related to World War I and with their memories contribute to enrichment of large pan-European archive for the preservation of cultural heritage.
GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY OF PEAS FOR TREATMENT OF ITS SOWING WITH STRUCTURED WATER
Authors: Mazur Viktor , Tkachuk Oleksandr , Klymenko Mykola , Demchuk Olga
Published: January 2022

In the variant without water treatment (control), the duration of the pea growing season was 77 days, spraying the crops with structured water extended the growing season by one day. The density of pea crops before harvesting in different variants was 695-936 pieces/m2. The densest was the sowing of peas on the option of watering with structured water, which was 19% more than in the control. The percentage of damage to the leaf surface of pea plants by disease was 4-7%. The most affected leaves were in the variant of spraying with ordinary water, which was 2% more than in the control. Irrigation of pea crops with structured water reduced the damage to the leaf surface of pea plants by diseases by 1%, compared with the control. No differences were found in other variants compared to the control. Damage of pea seeds by pests was 4-7% of beans. The highest percentage of bean damage was found in the variant of spraying with structured water, and the lowest - in the control and watering with structured water. Weediness of pea crops in different variants was 46-79 pieces/m2. Weeds were found more than in the control with watering options: structured water - by 39.5%, ordinary water - by 22%. In the other cases, the weeds did not differ from the control. The number of beans per pea plant ranged from 6.9 to 9.5 pieces. Most beans were observed in the variant of watering with structured water, which was 14.7% more than in the control. The number of grains in one pea was 5.3-6.2 pcs. The largest number of grains in beans was found in the options of spraying with structured water, watering with structured water, and watering with ordinary water, which was 8.1% more than in the control. The mass of a thousand pea seeds was 244-248 g. The largest mass of a thousand seeds was observed in the variant of watering with structured water, which was 1.2% more than in the control.
The highest yield of pea grain was established on the variant of irrigation with structured water - 5.79 t/ha, which was 42.3% more than on the control and 22.3% more than on the variant of irrigation with ordinary water. Spraying with structured water provides a yield of 4.65 t/ha, which was 28.2% more than in the control and 28.8% more than when spraying with ordinary water, but 19.7% less than when watering with structured with water.
PRODUCTION OF CALIFORNIAN WORM BIOGUMUS DEPENDING ON THE CONDITIONS OF THEIR CONTAINMENT
Authors: Tkachuk Oleksandr , Levchuk Olena , Kryzhanivsky Vitaliy
Published: January 2022

When worms process 1 ton of organic waste in terms of dry matter, 600 kg of biohumus is obtained, and the remaining 400 kg are transformed into 100 kg of complete protein in the form of worm biomass. Raw materials for biohumus in California worms, in addition to livestock and crop waste, can be fallen leaves, household organic waste and other organic and biological waste. The study and widespread use of the products of the California red worm is an extremely important task in the cultivation of biologically high-quality agricultural products, as it is possible to obtain high yields of environmentally friendly products without excessive use of synthetic fertilizers. The largest number of vermiculture of the California worm was found in the heated room - 348 individuals, while in the non-heated room they were 12.9% less - 303 individuals per box. The increase in the number of vermiculture of the California worm in the heated room was 42.5%, and in the unheated room - 34.0%. The weight of biohumus produced by California worms after 180 days of development in the heated room was 1647 g per container, which was 35.8% more than in the version of the development of worms in the unheated room. The use of compost in the cultivation of cabbage helped to increase its yield by 33.9%, and cucumbers - by 26.9%. The use of organic waste as a raw material for biohumus is a promising area for the development of organic farming. Breeding of red California worms of the genus Eisenia for processing organic waste should be carried out at a temperature of 23-25 ° C and use the products of their activity - compost for fertilizing vegetable crops, which provides a yield increase of 26.9-33.9%. The use of vermiculture products in organic farming is a powerful factor in improving the ecological state of the environment, as well as a necessary condition for the sustainable functioning of agroecosystems.
INFLUENCE OF TUBER PLANTING AND FERTILIZATION SYSTEMS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF EARLY-RATING HARVEST POTATO VARIETYIN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST-REST FOREST BANK
Authors: Polishchuk Mihaylo
Published: January 2022

The paper presents the results of two-year research to identify the growth, development, yield and quality of tubers of early-maturing potato Serpanok under the influence of fertilizer options and planting rates in the conditions of SE Artemida Kalinov district.
DPDG "Artemida" of Kalinov district is located within the Kozyatyn structural - denudation watershed. According to agro-soil zoning it is referred to Uladovo-Pliskovsky agro-soil district, where mainly chernozem soils are found. On the territory of the enterprise two types of soils were formed: typical chernozem and onion chernozem. Typical chernozems occupy 96% of all soils of the farm. The territory of Kalinov district, where the research area is located, the climate is temperate-continental. The sum of temperatures above 10 ° C is 2500 ° C - 2600 ° C. The duration of the period with average daily temperatures above 5 ° C is 205 days, over 10 ° - 160 days. The date of temperature transition through + 5 ° С in the direction of temperature increase falls on the first decade of April. The average annual rainfall is 476 mm on average long-term data. Most precipitation falls in the summer months. The length of the growing season is 140-160 days. At the same time periods and dry winds are quite often observed. Climatic conditions in the years of field research show that they are favorable for growing agricultural crops. crops, including potatoes.
Morphological indicators of the Serpanok variety change both from the applied norms of fertilizer application and from the density of standing plants, it should be noted the following, namely that the height of plants on average increases with increasing planting rate, the number of stems in the bush is more stable their number was observed on average according to the variant at a planting rate of 50 thousand / ha. Leaf area in our experiments with increasing planting rate from 50 to 60 thousand pieces / ha also decreases. It should also be noted that the highest values of morphological characteristics of potato plants were obtained in the variants of the experiment where the application was applied: Manure 40 t / ha + NPK120, Manure 40 t / ha + NPK120 and NPK120.
The highest indicators of yield, marketability, starch collection, alcohol and bioethanol yield in Serpanok variety at different planting rates (50 - 60 thousand ha) for planting on April 25 were obtained in variants with the application of both organic and mineral fertilizers (Manure 40 t / ha + NPK90, Manure 40 t / ha + NPK120).
INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL METHODS OF GROWING ON THE LEAF SURFACE OF CORN
Authors: Shevchenko Natalia , Yakovets Liudmyla
Published: January 2022

The article presents the studies results of the foliar fertilization influence with microfertilizers and growth stimulants on the formation of the leaf surface area of corn hybrids, as the main component of photosynthetic potential of plants and their productivity in general.
One of the modern directions of increasing the yield and quality of crop products is the introduction of energy-saving technologies in agricultural production with the use of plant growth regulators and microfertilizers.
Their use for pre-sowing seed treatment provides intensive plant growth and development, high field germination, and spraying plants during the growing season promotes plant growth and development, increasing their resistance to adverse weather conditions, diseases, increasing yields. As a result, growth regulators and microfertilizers are increasingly becoming an integral part of intensive crop technologies. In addition, ensuring the productivity of plants and the optimal leaf surface area can be achieved not only by using a single growth stimulant or microfertilizer, but also their complex. Therefore, it is important to study the use of a complex of plant growth stimulants and microfertilizers, which, in turn, will ensure the realization of the biological potential of corn plants, and reduce costs per unit of output.
According to the program of our research, we studied the influence of microfertilizers and growth stimulants on the growth, development and formation of the assimilation surface of corn hybrids of different maturity groups. According to the research results, the highest leaf surface area was recorded in the medium-ripe hybrid Monica 350 MW, 42,74 thousand m2 / ha using foliar fertilization in the phase of 5−9 leaves with a complex of microfertilizers Nanomix-corn and growth stimulant Emistim S. Area leaf surface in the middle-early hybrid yield of 37,96 thousand m2 / ha, was also recorded for the use of this complex. Also, the use of only microfertilizers Nanomix-corn, led to an increase in leaf area for all studied hybrids.
Effect of Vitamin C on Blood Loss during FESS in Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors:   Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, Zand Vahid , Dehghanmarvast Azade ,   Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, Vaziribozorg Sedighe ,   Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Published: January 2022

Introduction: In this study we assessed the effect of vitamin C on blood loss during endoscopic sinus surgery. Materials and methods: In this double-blind clinical trial study 91 patients suffered from chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery involved. Patients in the case group (group A) received 3 g of vitamin C in 500 cc of normal saline intravenously over a half hour at the beginning of the surgery. Patients in the control group (group B) received the same volume of normal saline under similar condition. Ultimately, intraoperative blood loss, surgery duration, and the quality of surgical field were assessed. Results: The mean of blood loss was 211.47 cc in group A and it was 281.52 cc in group B, indicating a significant difference between two groups (p value= 0.03). The quality of surgical field, according to Boezaart scale, was also significantly better in group A (p value= 0.016). However, no significant difference was observed between groups in terms of surgeon’s satisfaction score. Conclusion: According to the results, we can conclude that preoperative administration of vitamin C could improve surgical field and reduce blood loss during endoscopic sinus surgery.
Extra skeletal osteosarcoma suprascapular region: A case report
Authors:   FCPS, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dr Ruth KM Pfau Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, Sahito Badaruddin , Katto Soughat ,   MS, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dr Ruth KM Pfau Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, Masood Fareeha ,   4th Year MBBS, Dow Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan, Zehra Gul e Zehra ,   4th Year MBBS, Dow Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan, Uddin Afshan Salah ,   4th Year MBBS, Dow Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan, Din Nasir Ud ,   MBBS, FCPS, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan
Published: January 2022

Extra skeletal osteosarcoma is a high-grade malignant tumor of an osteoid and cartilaginous matrix arising in the soft tissue without connection to the bone. It is known clinically for its aggressive behavior, poor prognosis, frequent recurrence and its resistance to chemotherapy, calling for expert diagnosis and necessary treatment measures. To the best of our knowledge, it is extremely rare comprising of 2-5% of all osteosarcomas and less than 1% of soft tissue tumors. We report a case of a 63-year-old with an isolated lump in right supra scapular region. After imaging, surgical excision and pathological analysis, the diagnosis of extra skeletal osteosarcoma was made. This report documents the clinical and pathological features of extra skeletal osteosarcoma in this case.
Evaluation of clinical biochemical laboratory analytical process performance using sigma metrics and quality goal index
Authors:   Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China, Mbasani Rogious , Xigang Luo ,   Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China, Musilanga Nelson ,   Department of Internal Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
Published: January 2022

Background: Application of sigma matrics across clinical laboratory diagnostic process enables identification of errors in methods together with quality goal index can help point out the cause of unacceptable process performance. We believe the analytical performance of the clinical biochemistry laboratory standards do not meet the required quality according to six sigma standards. Aim and Objective: The study aimed at performance evaluation of clinical biochemical laboratory analytical process using sigma metrics and quality goal index. Methods: Sigma (σ) for the 20 analytes performed on HITACHI 7600 - 110 was calculated based on absolute bias, total allowable error (TEa) and coefficient of variation (CV). Two level internal quality control data obtained retrospectively from December 2020 to May 2021 was used to calculate the coefficient of variation. Bias was obtained from six month external quality control data. Total allowable error was obtained from three different sources. Quality goal index (QGI) was calculated to identify the cause of unwanted analyte performance. Results: Different sigma scores were obtained for analytes on different total allowable error standard, only triglyceride showed world class performance along all the three total allowable error standards. However, creatine kinase & total bilirubin showed world class on clinical laboratory improvement amendment (CLIA) and biological variable database (BVD). On the other hand, glucose, and aspertate amino transferase had poor or unacceptable performance on all the total allowable error standards. Conclusion: Six sigma is an excellent tool in evaluating the quality performance of clinical biochemistry laboratory analytical process, quality goal index can help identify the problem and westgard rules can help design individual quality improvement strategy.
Foreign Body Reaction to a Glass Splinter – A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel, Fuchs Lee , Shweiki Ramzi ,   Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel, Saleh Shadi ,   Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel, Oron Amir ,   Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
Published: January 2022

We present a case of foreign body reaction to a glass splinter. This case depicts in the attached figures the typical foreign body reaction surrounding a non-organic foreign body. Meticulous dissection of the foreign body and the reactive tissue surrounding it are key to a swift and uneventful recovery.
Titanium Mesh in Spinal Fusion: A Case Serie
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA, Kiester P Douglas , Farhan Saif ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA, Musa Arif ,   edical Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA 2 S, Alvarez Andrew ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA, Byrne Connor ,   School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA, Lee Yu-Po ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA, Bhatia Nitin N ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA
Published: January 2022

Background: Maxillofacial titanium mesh is most commonly used in reconstructive surgery for its versatility, stability, affordability, tissue tolerance, and compatibility with multiple imaging modalities. Here we describe the novel use of maxillofacial titanium mesh for spinal fusion surgery in a case series. Methods: We present three cases requiring instrumented spinal fusion. A 95-year-old women with one-month history of falls and back pain was found to have a spinal canal mass at T2-T3 and T11 burst fracture. A 32-year-old male had a L4 burst fracture following a motor vehicle accident. A 66-year-old female with one-year history of lumbar pain was diagnosed with thoracolumbar kyphosis, secondary hyperlordosis of the lumbar spine, stenosis at L4-L5, and L2-L5 spondylolisthesis. Results: Instrumented spinal fusion was carried out and maxillofacial titanium mesh was cut and contoured appropriately prior to being precisely placed over the dura mater. Post-operative imaging demonstrated adequate fixation for all cases. No intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred. Conclusions: Maxillofacial titanium mesh has long been used in maxillofacial reconstructive surgery for a variety of reasons including malleability, strength, and the distinct biocompatibility of titanium. However, titanium mesh may also be used to augment spinal fusion for tumor, trauma, and degenerative conditions without complication. Titanium mesh can offer the spine surgeon a safe, cost-effective and efficacious tool when used in spinal fusion. Future randomized controlled trials are needed to validate these findings in large sample sizes. Level of Evidence: 4.
Paediatric femoral fractures treated by hip spica- Result of 42 patients
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, PGIMS, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India, Yadav Umesh , Sheoran Ajay ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, PGIMS, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India, Dhupper Vasudha ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, PGIMS, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India, Devgan Ashish ,   Senior Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, PGIMS, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India, Gupta Ayush ,   Junior Resident, Department of Orthopaedics, PGIMS, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India, Nemani Mudit ,   Junior Resident, Department of Orthopaedics, PGIMS, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
Published: January 2022

Background- For diaphyseal femur fracture, treatment options varies from conservative as hip spica or operative as nailing/plating.We analysed results of patients treated conservatively in a hip spica cast. Material and Methods- 42 patients, upto 5 years of age, with shaft femur fracture managed by hip spica cast were retrospectively analysed in terms of healing clinically and radiologically and complications, if any. Results- Fracture healed satisfactorily in all patients. Males were more affected and road side accident was most common etiology. Mean hospital stay was 3.5 days. Most common complication was skin breakage (33.3%) followed by cast soiling or breakage (14.3%) while shortening was seen in 2 patients and angulation in one patient. Conclusion- Despite newer and safer implants, hip spica remains safe and cost effective method for treatment of femur fracture in children.
Highlights from the First Student-Run Orthopedics Clinical Research Showcase at Wayne State University School of Medicine
Authors:   School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Musa Arif , Lau Emily ,   School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Weaver Martin ,   School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Bennet Collin ,   School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Farhan Saif ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Irvine Medical Center, CA 92868, USA
Published: January 2022

The Orthopedic Surgery Interest Group Clinical Research Showcase took place on December 3, 2019 on the campus of Wayne State University School of Medicine as the first such student-run event of its kind since the school was established in 1868 as Detroit Medical College. The Clinical Research Showcase was developed by the student leadership of the Orthopedic Surgery Interest Group (Arif Musa, Emily Lau, Martin Weaver, and Collin Bennet) with the support of the Office of Medical Student Research Programs, which was established in 2017. Medical students were encouraged to submit abstracts for poster and podium presentation with the latter taking place in the Margherio Conference Center (Figure 1). The goals of the showcase were to promote student engagement in research, develop skills such as abstract writing and poster design, receive valuable feedback from judges, and foster inter-disciplinary collaboration. These goals were based on previous articles that have documented the impact of peer-led symposia as a valuable learning experience and means promote student involvement in research endeavors [1-3.] It was explicitly stated in the call for abstracts that medical student were welcome to submit abstracts of completed, ongoing, and planned research in any medical discipline. The research showcase was supported by the generous Office of Medical Student Research whom provided dinner and funding for several students’ posters to be printed.
A Case of Peroneal Tendon Subluxation following Trivial Ankle Injury and Review of the Literature
Authors:   1 Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Patan Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal, Shrestha Suman Kumar , Devkota Pramod ,   Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Patan Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal, Acharya Balakrishnan M ,   Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Patan Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal, Bhatta Toya Raj ,   Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Patan Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal
Published: January 2022

Subluxation or dislocation of the peroneal tendon is uncommon ankle disorder and most of the time misdiagnosed as ankle sprain. Young adults and adolescents who are active on sports activities are more prone to get this problem. The main cause of this disorder is because of the superior peroneal retinaculum avulsion from its insertion with fibular bone. We report a case of peroneal subluxation in a 19-year-old girl after twisting of the ankle one year back. She was initially treated with ankle splintage, rest and analgesics but her problem did not improve. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the ankle showed subluxation of the peroneal tendon and managed operatively. One year after the operation she is having pain-free ankle without any difficulties for walking.
Pain Mapping and Neuropathic Features of Common Shoulder Pathologies
Authors:   Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom, Dunkerley Sarah , King Andrew ,   Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom, Batten Timothy J ,   Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom, Evans Jonathan P ,   Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom, Metz Jeremy ,   Wellcome Trust Biomedical Informatics Hub, The University of Exeter, United Kingdom, Gallacher Sian ,   Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom, Davies Kathryn E ,   Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom, Smith Christopher ,   Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom, Kitson Jeffrey ,   Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Pain maps can help quantify the distribution of pain but are not commonly used in shoulder pathology. This prospective study aims to quantify severity, type and distribution of pain associated with common shoulder pathologies using patient derived pain maps. Material and Methods: 219 patients with 5 common shoulder pathologies were prospectively recruited with diagnosis confirmed definitively at time of procedure. Patients completed maps for nociceptive pain and abnormal sensation. Visual Analogue Score and a validated neuropathic pain questionnaire (painDetect) were completed. Maps were generated with images stacked and overlaid using an FFT based image algorithm to generate pathology specific heat maps. Results: Neuropathic pain was likely in 20% of all patients based on painDetectscores. Abnormal sensation was present overall in 49.3%. 16.1% experienced symptoms below the elbow and 11.6% in the hand. Frozen shoulder appears to have the highest frequency of distal limb symptoms. Conclusion: This study provides a clear guide to the distribution and nature of pain arising from procedure confirmed common shoulder conditions. We have demonstrated that neuropathic pain is prevalent in common shoulder pathologies and may spread as far as the hand. Therefore, pain in this distribution should not be dismissed as cervical as this will lead to a delay in the treatment of the shoulder pathology.
Absence of SARS-CoV-2 in Synovial Fluid of COVID-19 Positive Patient: A Case Report
Authors:   MBBS, BMedSci, MRCS, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Mao David Weijia
Published: January 2022

Emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to the COVID-19 pandemic. The extent of spread of the virus throughout body fluids is an exposure hazard to healthcare workers. The presence of virus particles has been well established in the lung, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal tissue. Its presence in more immunologically privileged areas such as synovial joints is not well established. We investigated a COVID-19 positive patient with knee pain and effusion. Knee synovial joint fluid PCR revealed absence of SARS-CoV-2 virus particles. We encourage further synovial fluid analysis in patients with COVID19 to give a better understanding of the virus’s tropism.
Outcome of Intertrochanteric Fractures Treated with Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation (PFNA)
Authors:   DNB, MNAMS, MRCS(Ed), Clinical Associate, Department of Orthopaedics, Saifee Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Garabadi Mohanrao , Grover Amit ,   MS, DNB, MNAMS, Clinical Associate, Department of Orthopaedics, Jupiter Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Published: January 2022

Background: The superiority of PFN (Proximal Femoral Nail) in treatment of intertrochanteric fractures of the hip are well documented but there is no well documented evidence regarding the superiority of PFNA (Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation). The design of PFNA reduces bone loss and subsequently improves fracture fixation & union. Aims & Objectives: i) To evaluate the outcome of intertrochanteric fractures treated with PFNA. ii) To study the complications associated with the procedure and implant. iii) To compare with well-established studies in literature. Study Design: Prospective Observational Study. Setting: Department of Orthopaedics, Rajawadi Municipal Hospital, Mumbai. Materials & Methods: Total 70 cases of Intertrochanteric fracture satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria were treated with PFNA from August 2017 to August 2018. The minimum follow up period was 1 year and maximum follow up was for 2 years. Patients were assessed for functional capacity and radiological fracture healing at each follow up. Harris Hip score was used to evaluate functional outcome. Statistics: 22 patients were males and 48 were females. The patient’s age ranged from 40 to 94 years with a mean of 75 years. 32 fractures involved the right side and 38 involved the left side. Of the 70 fractures 14 were AO 31A1, 50 were AO 31A2, 6 was AO 31A3. The length of the nail was 170mm in all of the cases. Most commonly used blade was 95mm. The operative time ranged from 30 min to 100 min with an average of 44 min. Average blood loss was 82 ml. Results: Of 70 patients, 66 Patients (94%) showed radiological union by 3months. Average time for union was 3 months. 2 patients had non-union at the end of 1 year of follow up. No patients had infection or cut out of the blade. 8 patients had migration of the blade. 2 patients had varus collapse. No fractures below the tip of the nail were seen during the follow-up period. Outcome was assessed using Harris Hip Score. Conclusions: Based on our observations we hereby conclude that in intertrochanteric fractures treated with PFNA, we found excellent outcomes with high union rates & very few complications. A randomized trial comparing the PFNA with other devices in elderly patients will probably be required for definitive assessment.
Predictors of Outcome in Hallux Valgus Surgery
Authors:   Whittington Hospital, N19 5NF, London, United Kingdom, Ang Wan Wei , Charalambides Maria ,   University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Overton Alexander ,   Whittington Hospital, N19 5NF, London, United Kingdom, Charalambides Chalaralambos ,   Whittington Hospital, N19 5NF, London, United Kingdom
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Hallux valgus (HV) is the most common forefoot deformity, and is known to be a debilitating disease, causing pain and reduced social function. There are various established surgical treatments for HV, with patient satisfaction up to 85% after surgery. In this paper, we aim to identify the pre-operative factors that may serve as predictors to patient outcome after surgery, to help surgeons select suitable candidates for surgery in the clinic. Methods: A prospective study was done on patients who underwent scarf and akin osteotomy for symptomatic HV between October 2015 and March 2018. Five patient factors were collected pre-operatively, including osteoarthritis grade of first metatarsophalangeal joint, severity of HV, presence of osteoarthritic or sesamoid pain, and presence of flat foot. Patient’s self-reported outcomes was assessed pre- and post-surgery, using the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) and Visual Analogue Score (VAS). Pre- and post-surgery outcome scores were compared, and changes in scores analysed with numerous patient factors to identify any significant association. Results: 41 feet of 36 patients were included after implementation of exclusion criteria. Both MOXFQ and VAS showed a significant reduction in scores (improvement in outcomes) after surgery. None of the pre-operative patient factors examined was found to be significantly associated with the reduction in MOXFQ score. However, the results suggested that high pre-surgery MOXFQ score was associated with a greater MOXFQ score reduction post-surgery, with p-value of <0.001. Conclusion: Our study found that none of the factors looked at significantly correlated with reductions in MOXFQ and VAS scores post-surgery, other than high presurgery MOXFQ scores. This suggests that surgeons should counsel as such in clinic. Nonetheless, as this study had a small study size, further studies should be done to support the findings of this research.
Technical challenges in chronic zone 2 flexor tendon reconstruction and analysis of function in toddler: A rare case Report
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, Jupiter lifeline Hospital, Thane, Maharashtra, India, Lad Parag , Tanpure Sanket ,   DNB Orthopaedic Resident at Jupiter Lifeline Hospital, Thane, Maharashtra, India, Nagda Taral ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Jupiter lifeline Hospital, Thane, Maharashtra, India
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Flexor tendon injury in zone 2 is challenging to treat, when child was presented late. As flexor tendon are smaller in size, the repair or reconstruction technique along with rehabilitation becomes very challenging. We report a technical challenge in chronic zone 2 flexor tendon reconstruction in toddler presented two month post accidental glass cut injury. Case presentation: An 18-month-old male toddler presented with inability to flex left little finger after twomonths post accidental glass cut injury proximal to proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint in zone two of left index finger. The passive range of motion (RoM) of DIP was zero degree to 60 degrees and PIP joint RoM was zero to 95 degrees. Child was unable to do active flexion of PIP and DIP joint movement. The parents of child were counselled for exploration and staged reconstruction of flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendon using either flexor superficialis (FDS) slip or palmaris longus. One slip of FDS graft was harvested and utilised to reconstruct FDP. At two years follow up, the injured index finger was normal in cosmesis and function. The active DIP joint movement was 50 degrees with complete healing of surgical site. Conclusion: Zone two flexor tendon injury in toddlers needs thorough clinical judgement and assessment by ultrasonography to locate the cut ends of tendons. Reconstruction of pulley, FDP reconstruction using FDS slip and supervised rehabilitation is recommended surgical option to achieve excellent function.
The Role of Proteinases in Osteoarthritis: A Brief Review of New Potent Cartilage Metabolism Therapeutic Target
Authors:   Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Sanglah General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia, Dharmayuda Cokorda Gede Oka , Subawa Anak Agung Ngurah ,   Department of Clinical Pathology, Sanglah General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia, Kawiyana Ketut Siki ,   Professor of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Sanglah General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia, Febyan  ,   Assistant of Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Bhayangkara Denpasar Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
Published: January 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most frequent form of degenerative joint disease that becomes a major source of disability worldwide. The loss of articular cartilage is the central etiology of osteoarthritis. Cartilage is solely composed of one cell type, the chondrocytes, which are surrounded by a large volume of extracellular matrix (ECM). Extracellular matrix components consist of two main macromolecules, namely collagen and aggrecan. The degradation of these molecules plays a significant role in OA pathological process, although degradation of less abundant molecules composing the matrix organization is also likely to contribute to disease progression. Several proteinases, including matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) and A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs (ADAMTS) -4 and -5, are known to involve in the matrix degradation of cartilage structure. A comprehensive understanding of the various factors and pathways involved in the regulation of MMP-13, ADAMTS-4, and ADAMTS-5 is essential in regard to osteoarthritis management, as they have great potential in future therapies.
Threedimensional, CT-assisted preoperative planning for primary total hip arthroplasty
Authors:   Centre for Orthopaedics, Berlin, Germany, Radmer Sebastian , Andresen Julian Ramin ,   Medical School, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
Published: January 2022

Purpose: In hip arthroplasty, exact positioning of the implants is imperative. Preoperative planning is essential to achieve this and is generally conducted using conventional radiographs. The objective of our study was to examine the clinical feasibility of a 3D planning system. Methods: In 500 patients (average age 72.8 (31-87) years), a CT was performed preoperatively for 3D planning. The data were further processed in DICOM format on an external workstation for 3D planning, with the aid of special software (SYMBIOS® 3D-Hip Plan), whereby an exact presentation of the acetabulum and femur was possible in all three planes. The clinical outcome was documented by using the Harris Hip Score. Results: In 470/500 patients (94%), the acetabular cup was successfully implanted as planned. In the area of the stem, in 10/500 patients (2%) a custom made stem was implanted, as adequate treatment due to anatomical reasons could not have been achieved here. Overall, the stem planning could be implemented exactly in 475/500 patients (95%). The neck length of the head was implemented as planned in 465/500 patients (93%). The Harris Hip Score improved from a preoperative average of 47.6 to 70.6. Conclusion: 3D hip planning enables a preoperative simulation of implant positioning, which makes it possible to optimally determine and reconstruct the centre of hip rotation. Potential difficulties that might arise intraoperatively can already be identified preoperatively. Patients who require a custom made stem can be reliably identified.
Paternal and maternal zinc status: Do they have effect on fetal outcomes?
Authors:   MD, Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Malatya, Turkey, Özgör Bilge , Selimoğlu Mukadder Ayşe ,   MD., Prof., Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Malatya, Turkey, Türköz Yusuf ,   MD PhD, Prof., Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Malatya, Turkey, Aksungur Zeynep ,   MD, Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Statistics, Malatya, Turkey, Bağ Harika Gözükara ,   PhD., Assist Prof., Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Statistics, Malatya, Turkey
Published: January 2022

Background: The deficiency of specific micronutrients in mothers including zinc increases the risk of pregnancy complications. Although there are many studies in literature describing the relationship between low maternal zinc levels and poor pregnancy outcomes including prematurity and low birth weight; there is not any study on paternal zinc level. In this study, we aimed to define the relationship between deficiency of maternal and paternal zinc levels and prematurity and low birth weight. Material and Methods: We determined the zinc levels of parents of preterm infants (102 mothers and 108 fathers) low birth weight infants (43 mothers and 42 fathers) and healthy term infants (108 mothers and 111 fathers). Results: We found that low maternal zinc levels increased the preterm delivery risk by 4.95 fold and each 10 mg increase in maternal zinc level resulted in 6.9 g increase in birth weight. We showed that the critical maternal cut off value of zinc level was 75UI/L. There was no effects of low paternal zinc level on preterm birth or low birth weight. Conclusion: It seems that zinc status of mothers is related to poor pregnancy outcomes such as prematurity and low birth weight and healthy nutrition of mothers is a simple strategy for prevention of those complications.
Evaluation of safety and efficacy of Deferoxamine compared with deferasirox in transfusion dependent beta thalassemia patients: a single center retrospective study
Authors:   Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan, Batool Narjis , Yasmeen Sadia ,   Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan, Anwar Rabia ,   Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan, Saleem Zikria ,   Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan,   School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia,   University of Lahore, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lahore, Pakistan
Published: January 2022

Purpose: The primary cause of mortality and morbidity in thalassemia major is iron overload. The objective of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of deferoxamine and deferasirox in transfusion dependent beta thalassemia patients. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted among 178 patients. Patients were divided into two groups, deferoxamine group (90 patients) and deferasirox group (88 patients). Standardized data collection form was used to collect data. Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients were recorded by checking medical records. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS software. Findings: It was revealed that both drugs, deferoxamine and deferasirox were effective and safe in transfusion dependent beta thalassemic patients. Both are efficacious in reducing serum ferritin level. Their laboratory parameters were within clinically accepted range. Conclusion: Deferoxamine and deferasirox treatment have equal efficacy and safety for transfusion dependent beta thalassemia population. Therefore, oral deferasirox is recommended for more compliance and convenience.
Ubicación del incisivo superior en relación a la frente y punto glabela en pacientes de la Clínica Universitaria Norbert Wiener
Authors: Huárac Luis , Fernández Juan , León Gina
Published: February 2022

La presente investigación se realizó con el fin de evaluar la ubicación del incisivo superior en relación a la frente y punto glabela en fotografías de perfil de los pacientes de la clínica de la Universidad Norbert Wiener. Se imprimió 30 fotografías extraorales de perfil en posición natural de la cabeza (PNC) en escala 1 x 1 para medir la ubicación del incisivo superior a través de una línea paralela a la vertical verdadera y que pase directamente por el punto glabela. Se encontró la siguiente ubicación de los incisivos en vista de perfil, en relación al punto glabela: en posición retruida 65 %, normal 15 % y protruida 20 %. Se observa que los pacientes que acuden a la clínica y son sometidos a la evaluación de la fotografía de perfil extraoral presentan en mayor porcentaje retrusión del incisivo superior.
Teoría del cerebro total: plena vigencia para el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje actual
Authors: Sindeev Andrey
Published: February 2022

La Neurociencia representa la integración teórico-práctica de todas las disciplinas relacionadas con la actividad humana –como la psicología, la pedagogía, la lingüística, la antropología, la filosofía, la política, la cibernética, la inteligencia artificial y otras–, fundamentalmente porque la conducta humana es la manifestación de los procesos mentales, que a su vez se producen por los procesos cerebrales. Y los docentes no podemos ni debemos ser ajenos a este campo del saber. Las investigaciones neurocientíficas generan el material teórico para la práctica educativa. Un mayor conocimiento de las bases neurofisiológicas del Sistema Nervioso Central ayuda a encontrar los mecanismos de mejora del aprendizaje para su posterior transformación en teorías, paradigmas, corrientes y estrategias didácticas del nuevo milenio. Una de las teorías neurocientíficas clásicas en plena vigencia que ha demostrado su utilidad práctica en el ámbito educativo –combinada con la facilidad de aplicación e interpretación– es la teoría del Cerebro Total, de Herrmann. Esta teoría conceptualiza al cerebro como el órgano dividido en partes, e integrado en un todo al mismo tiempo, que permite entender mejor el comportamiento humano y modificarlo de una manera óptima. Asimismo, existen instrumentos de evaluación que permiten realizar el diagnóstico respectivo y determinar los estilos de pensamiento de los estudiantes. El docente necesita de descubrimientos neurocientíficos para mejorar su comprensión del proceso de aprendizaje, perfeccionar sus capacidades de enseñanza mediante nuevas estrategias, y dejar de lado las prácticas inadecuadas, antieducativas y tradicionales que hasta hoy afectan al sistema educativo.
Formulation and Physicochemical Evaluation of Azathioprine Loaded Ethyl cellulose Microspheres using Solvent Evaporation Technique
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology, Periyar College of Pharmaceutical sciences, Tiruchirappalli- 620021, Tamilnadu., Kokilavani A , Jeyaprabha P ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, The Erode college of Pharmacy, Erode-638112, Tamilnadu, Ganesan V ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, The Erode college of Pharmacy, Erode-638112, Tamilnadu, Senthamarai R ,   Department of Pharmacognosy, Periyar College of Pharmaceutical science, Tiruchirappalli-620021, Tamilnadu.
Published: January 2022

The present study is associated with Formulation and physicochemical evaluation of azathioprine loaded Ethyl cellulose microspheres. Azathioprine is an immunosuppressant drug which used in the treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis. In this study Azathioprine microspheres were prepared by solvent evaporation technique by using Ethyl cellulose as polymer. Prepared microspheres were evaluated by particle size analysis, UV spectroscopy, SEM Analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy and encapsulation efficiency. Particle size of prepared microspheres was ranges from 10 to 50 micrometer. SEM pictures of microspheres conforms the perfect spherical particles and uniform smooth surface. FT-IR spectroscopy reveals there is no interaction between drug and polymer while formulating the microspheres. The percentage yield of microspheres was 91.42%. Encapsulation efficiency was found to be 48%. The formulation plays an important role in controlled release as well as prolonged release in the treatment of inflammation.