bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increasing the Monolithic Nature of Masonry Made of Cellular Concrete Blocks by Using Polyurethane Foam Glue as a Masonry Mortar
Authors:   National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation), B.K. DZHAMUEV
Published: December 2020

This study is a continuation of previously published work [1]. The results of experimental determination of the strength of normal adhesion (under axial tension) in masonry made of autoclave–hardened cellular concrete blocks of compressive strength classes B1,5-B3,5 on cement mortars and polyurethane foam adhesives are presented. The tests were carried out in the laboratory of the Department “Reinforced Concrete and Stone Structures” of the Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University). The experiment was carried out on samples-cubes with a size of 150x150x150 mm, which were cut out of cellular concrete blocks, fastened (glued) together using masonry (binding) compositions. In the course of the study, it was found that when using various polyurethane foam glue compositions in masonry made of cellular concrete blocks of compressive strength classes B1,5–B3,5, the resistance to axial stretching over an unbound section (normal adhesion) of the masonry increases by approximately 9–25%. It was also found that the nature of the destruction of samples made on polyurethane foam adhesives (destruction occurs along the body of concrete), indicates the monolithic nature of the masonry. The analysis of the results obtained makes it possible to conclude that the resistance to axial tension along the unbound section of the masonry depends on the strength of the material from which the block is made, and not on the compressive strength of the masonry (binder) mortar used, as indicated in table 11 of SP 15.13330.2012 “Stone and reinforced masonry structures”. This factor must be taken into account when calculating masonry from autoclave-hardened cellular concrete blocks on polyurethane foam compositions.
Od institucije umetnosti do dispozitiva umetnosti. Strategije institucionalne kritike
Authors: Stanković Maja
Published: December 2020

Institucionalna kritika jedan je od ključnih fenomena u umetnosti druge polovine 20. veka. Polazište u istraživanju je Buchlohova teza o prelazu sa industrijske estetike, estetike proizvodnje i potrošnje na estetiku administracije: problematizovanje institucija kao dominantnih referentnih tački u polju umetnosti. Glavno istraživačko pitanje je: U čemu je značaj institucionalne kritike ako je ona institucionalno prihvaćen način delovanja? Da li je institucionalna kritika u funkciji institucija pružajući im legitimitet “otvorenosti” u smislu da mogućnost otpora postoji ili je u pitanju emancipatorska praksa? Teza rada je da je institucionalna kritika ukazala na ulogu institucija u načinu funkcionisanja umetničkog rada, čime je pitanje neutralnosti institucija kao dominantnog obeležja modernističke paradigme umetnosti dovedeno u pitanje. Istovremeno, odigrala je ključnu ulogu u konstituisanju kritičkog pristupa u umetnosti, u formulisanju stava kojim se dovode u pitanje postojeće institucionalne matrice i time učinila vidljivim, a ujedno i podložnim kritici, delovanje samih institucija.
Editorial
Authors: McCarthy Conal
Published: December 2020

The world has changed. In early 2020, when COVID-19 spread around the globe, closing museums and universities and disrupting life as we know it, Museum Worlds: Advances in Research, like many academic and professional journals, was also affected. Of course, in a pandemic with so many lives lost, and many others exposed to illness, unemployment, and the disruption of the economy, travel, and trade, the tertiary and cultural sectors were bound to be adversely impacted as well. With the shutting of museums and galleries, university teaching going online—resulting in increased workloads for academics, the laying off or furloughing of staff, the delaying of the production of books and journals (with publishers unable to send books out), and the cancellation and/or delay of conferences and research projects—it was natural that we would also struggle to get together an issue for 2020. It was indeed a challenge compiling Museum Worlds 8 as the virus raged, but thanks to our hard-working team of editors, our generous and patient contributors, our tireless readers and peer reviewers, and the expert advice of Janine Latham and her colleagues at Berghahn, we got there. I want to thank everyone involved in this issue for their help in seeing it into print, and especially Dr. Susette Goldsmith, my editorial assistant, for being there in the final stages.
SAUDI ARABIA AT THE TOP OF POLITICAL TURBULENCE
Authors:   Moscow Pedagogical State University, Derbenev A. S.
Published: December 2020

The States of Arabian Peninsula are now going through a challenging period of their history. The history of Arab states have never been easy. The current period of political turbulence is associated with military and political conflicts in the Middle Eastern region, especially in Syria and Yemen. The current situation takes an extremely serious turn. At the beginning of the 21st century, Riyadh’s political confronted a set of conditions that encompasses the Arab people's existential problems. There is an obvious trend that can hardly be assessed as advantageous due to the fact that this problem will naturally create background for the essential convergence of the interests of the Arab regional space’s different segments that will exist in the new political realm. In the early 21st century rapid changes and important events occurred in the world politics, and in the Eastern part of the Arab-Muslim world alike. The Saudi monarchy has no doubt that the foreign policy schemes are fragile and for this reason it looks toward diversifying its foreign policy.
G. B. CAVIGLIA AND THE BEGINNING OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF ROCK-CUT TOMBS OF THE EASTERN ESCARPMENT OF GIZA
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of science (MOSCOW), Lebedev M. A.
Published: December 2020

The paper continues a series of publications dealing with early explorers who contributed to the study of the eastern escarpment of the Giza Necropolis. Its protagonist is the Italian antiquarian Giovanni Battista Caviglia, the author of the first documented archaeological works in rock-cut tombs on the territory of the modern-day Russian concession at the pyramids. The paper argues that the Italian researcher had access to many burial complexes both in the southern and in the northern parts of the necropolis area currently studied by specialists from the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Contemporary reports demonstrate that Caviglia not only excavated ancient tombs, but also lived in one of the rock-cut complexes and used rock-cut chapels as storerooms for his finds. In 1835, the British officer Howard Vyse, who hired Caviglia for his excavations at Giza, built a large camp at the eastern escarpment of the necropolis. The author locates the camp in front of the tombs of Perinendju, Tjenty I, Tjenty II, and Khufuhotep and examines its fate: After the end of British excavations in 1837, the camp was converted into the first hotel at the foot of the pyramids. Narrative and visual materials presented in works of explorers of the first half of the 19th century correspond neatly with the material culture artifacts retrieved in Giza during contemporary Russian excavations. Despite the disappearance of the camp built by Vyse, the occupation layer preserved in the rock-cut tombs contains numerous finds and complexes that can be dated to the 18th–19th centuries. A thorough study of the activities and field practices of early explorers in the age of antiquarianism contributes to the better understanding of the general stratigraphy of the Giza Necropolis and works toward more accurate interpretation of the archaeological evidence obtained by contemporary specialists at the foot of the pyramids.
The Impact of Emotional Stability,Transformational Leadership and Innovative Behavior on Career Success through Self-Efficacy
Authors: Kazmi Syeda Wajiha , Kazimi Anjum Bano , Kerio Ghulam Ali
Published: December 2020

This paper aims to investigate the impact of emotional stability, transformational leadership, and innovative behavior on career success through self-efficacy from food manufacturing firms in Karachi, Pakistan. By following the quantitative approach, a structured questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale was non-randomly disseminated to 304 employees working in food manufacturing industries with a response rate of 96%. Findings revealed that three of the constructs, transformational leadership, emotional stability, and innovative behavior have a positive and significant impact on the career success of employees along with the significant mediating effect of self-efficacy. The study concluded that if an employee puts the maximum effort to achieve the goal and a successful career will lead him to perform more productively, and this will be beneficial for the whole organizations. development.
Reporting Sino-Indian Border Conflict Through Peace Journalism Approach
Authors: Warrich Haseeb Ur Rehman , Khan Rooh Ul Amin , Umber Salma
Published: December 2020

The study attempts to analyze the coverage of recent Sino-Indian border conflict through peace and war journalism along with understanding how peace journalism ideals can be translated into conflict reporting. The descriptive analysis of news stories published from May 5, 2020, to October 5, 2020, in the mainstream contemporary English press of China (China Daily and Global Times) and India (Times of India and The Hindu) is carried out through content analysis. The period is significant because of the recent border conflict between China and India at Ladakh. The approach of peace and war journalism is explored through in-depth interviews of Indian and Chinese journalists. The study concluded that both Indian and Chinese press employed war framing more dominantly than peace framing while reporting on-going border conflict. A higher instance of peace journalism was recorded in the Chinese press in comparison to the Indian press. The ideals of peace journalism can be achieved by refraining from becoming part of the propaganda paradigm.
General Collective Intelligence vs the Innate Collective Intelligence Factor
Authors: Williams Andy E
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION: Groups of individuals of species exhibiting collective behaviours have been suggested to have some innate general collective intelligence. General Collective Intelligence or GCI has been described as a platform that organizes individual humans into a single collective intelligence with the potential capacity for exponentially greater general problem-solving ability.OBJECTIVES: To explore whether a functional modelling approach might have the capacity to represent any system of organization resulting in a general collective intelligence factor. And to explore what functionality might be required for a GCI to exponentially increase it.METHODS: An analysis of the meaning of general problem-solving ability in the functional state space of a system of cognition or collective cognition is used to assess whether GCI has the potential to exponentially increase increase that ability.RESULTS: GCI has the potential to exponentially increase increase impact on all general outcomes where limited by general problem-solving abilityCONCLUSION: While an innate general collective intelligence factor might exist, and while conventional CI solutions might have significant impact on specific collective outcomes, a GCI is required to exponentially general problem-solving ability, and therefore to exponentially increase collective outcomes. This capacity has the potential to be disruptive.
Aesthetic Grammars of Social Justice: Sex Work Reimagined
Authors: Mbasalaki Phoebe Kisubi
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT Against a backdrop of the persistence of coloniality through structural forms of privilege and bias across socioeconomic manifestations, inequality and racial stratification of labour in South Africa, creative activism offers a lens, voice and perspective of sex workers. We relate these glimpses to rehumanisation and re-membering, challenging historically distinct modes of turning humans into objects as part of decolonial possibilities. We seek to make decolonization a praxis of making human and hence we ask two central questions: what provocations arise from aesthetics of creative activism? And what might rehumanizing/re-membering concretely mean? We consider these questions through an analysis of the activism, exhibitions and performance with participant sex workers that formed part of the GlobalGRACE project launch in South Africa. Ultimately, we argue that art practices fundamentally engage the imagination and open up possibilities for re-imagining, re-storying and re-centering marginalized knowledges.
Effect of Shear Strength of Oil on Lubrication of Cold Strip Rolling in Full-Fil Regime
Authors:   University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran, Latifi Seyedmorteza
Published: December 2020

Cold strip rolling is a major deformation process in industry. The need for high quality products and increased production speed, makes the application of the lubricant important. In the present study, oil property effect is investigated in cold rolling using oil lubricant in full-film lubrication regime. The model predicts decisive role of oil property in rolling parameters.
Information Technology Blue Print Design Using Enterprise Architecture Planning in Politeknik Negeri Bali
Authors:   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Suja I Ketut , Dantes Gede Rasben ,   Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Indrawan Gede ,   Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha
Published: December 2020

The Information Technology (IT) blueprint basically contains a strategic plan of the company / institution in implementing and developing information technology / information systems in the company / institution. This study aims to design the IT Blueprint model in terms of data architecture, application architecture and technology architecture using the Zachman Framework enterprise architecture, where the blueprint is a comprehensive and integrated information technology system design. The methodology used in this study refers to the framework of Enterprise Architecture Planning. The results of this study obtained data architecture design, applications and technology along with data entities, business entities and business processes and business process functions so that they can illustrate the IT blueprint model along with the implementation roadmap that serves as a reference and guideline campus of Politeknik Negeri Bali (PNB).
A Design of Farmer’s Orange Field Security System Using Microcontroller Based Direct Telephone Technology
Authors:   Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi, Nalandari Rezki , Putra Adi Pratama
Published: December 2020

The development of security system is a positive development on reducing society’s anxiety of criminal act such as theft. The security systems that are being developed today are mostly home security systems, motor cycle and cars. So far, the security system for paddy fields or agricultural fields has been minimal studied. So far, security system in farming land has been studied but in minimum frequency, such as in orange field where thefts often occur even farmers had surrounded their farming land with fences. This device made of Pir Sensor that could detect humans, it uses ATmeg328P-PU as the CPU, SIM 800L as media or device in sending messages and battery as power source. Designing this device is easy enough and affordable, this device capable in calling registered phone number in pseudecode that had been input into the program.
The Effect of Mg Adding in Recycled Aluminum Casting on Tensile Strength and Microstructure
Authors:   Politeknik Negeri Malang, Hadi Syamsul , Aziz Ahmad Hailala Nur , Nugroho Pipit Wahyu , Rizza Muhammad Akhlis , Wicaksono Hangga
Published: December 2020

The problems faced are aluminium (Al) waste from industries that damage the environment and scarcity of Al raw materials that need to be recycled from used Al. The research objective was to determine the effect of adding magnesium (Mg) to used Al casting on the tensile strength and microstructure and to determine the comparison of the tensile strength of the Al material used by the piston to the brake lining and drum of motorcycles. The research method includes casting Al used pistons, brake lining and drum, testing the tensile strength and microstructure due to the addition of 0.1; 0.2; 0.5 and 1.0% by weight Mg to the tensile strength and microstructure. The results showed that the addition of Mg 0.5% by weight could increase the tensile strength of 92.96% from 71 MPa to 137 MPa for brake lining as the optimum value which further decreased the tensile strength by 19.7% at the addition of 1% Mg to 110 MPa. Drum material also experienced an increase in tensile strength of 33.71% from 89 MPa to 119 MPa as the optimum value where the tensile strength decreased by 5.88% for the addition of 1% Mg to 112 MPa. The two values of the tensile strength of the brake lining and drum components are lower than those of the piston component valued at 147 MPa, and with the addition of Mg, Mg2Si is formed which can reduce the porosity of the microstructure, thereby increasing its strength.
Fuel Consumption Analysis of Injection System and Carburetor System on Honda Beat Fi 2013
Authors:   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Sutarna Nyoman , Antara I Nengah Ludra , Anakottapary Daud Simon
Published: December 2020

An injection system is a process of burning fuel on an internal combustion engine by using an electronic system to inject fuel with air into the combustion chamber. The carburetor system uses a nozzle to blur the fuel mixture with the combustor air. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in the value of fuel consumption from the injection system with the carburetor system. This research was conducted by the experimental method. The results of the analysis showed that the average value of fuel consumption even with the injection system was 51.53ml, while the mean value of the carburetor system was 90.40 ml, this meant that the injection system was more efficient compared to the carburetor system of 44.89 ml or 47%. Conclusion injection system at any rotation is more economical than the carburetor system. It is recommended to conduct further research by taking real data that is distance and travel time.
Demokrasi Dalam Pandangan M. Quraish Shihab
Authors: Mubriani Suci , Koniah Imroatun
Published: December 2020

This research discusses democracy in the pandagan M. Quraysh Shihab. The reason behind this writing is that the author wants to spread democracy from a different point of view, namely from the Indonesian interpreter, namely M. Quraysh Shihab through his interpretation of the verses of the Qur'an. The formulation of this research problem is M. Quraysh Shihab's view of democracy. The purpose of this study was to find out what M. Quraysh Shihab said about democracy. Research is the study of figures, research methods used literature. The primary data of the work was written by M. Quraysh Shihab and secondary data in the form of writings of others about the thought of M. Quraysh Shihab. The results of M. Quraysh Shihab's research do not give a sense of democracy. But say joint decisions or so-called shura are a common feature of democracy. He argued that the implementation of democratic principles in Islam is different from that understood and practiced in Western countries. interpret the verses on shura namely: al-Baqarah verse 233, Āli 'Imrān verse 159, asy-Syūrā verse 38. The result of his interpretation is: First deliberation begins from the family. God is All-forgiving, All-merciful. Third, the problem that can be dimusyawarakan is a problem that has no provisions in the Qur'an and Sunnah.
The Physical Essence of Time
Authors:   «Biveja» JSC, Private Research Laboratory(Lithuania), Maydykovskiy Igor , Užpelkis Petras
Published: December 2020

The article considers the model of the space-frequency-time continuum, according to which the physical essence of Time is manifested as a fraction of electromagnetic energy spent on updating a material object in a cyclic process of copying-incarnation. For all structural levels of physical reality, the value of this fraction is a fundamental constant, which can be represented as the tangent of the loss angle, or expressed in radians, as the angle of inclination of the evolutionary spiral, which characterizes the rate of change of states or the duration of events and processes. The value of this constant can be calculated, and its value turns out to be identically equals to the square of the fine structure Constant (α2). The description of the method for identifying a new constant allows us to present the formula of Scientific Discovery as the Physical Essence of Time.
La Inversión en Infraestructura de Transporte
Authors: Melo-Becerra Ligia Alba , Toro-Córdoba Jorge Hernán , Zárate-Solano Héctor M.
Published: December 2020

Este documento evalúa la inversión realizada en infraestructura de transporte en Colombia, la cual tiene orígenes y fuentes de financiamiento diversas, entre las que se destacan recursos del Presupuesto General de la Nación (PGN), recursos propios y del Sistema General de Participaciones de los gobiernos territoriales, ingresos del Sistema General de Regalías y recursos de las Asociaciones Público-Privadas. La información permite concluir que a nivel del Gobierno Nacional Central existe un sesgo en el largo plazo contra la inversión pública. Adicionalmente, utilizando una metodología basada en el modelo de corrección de errores lineal y sus extensiones en el ámbito no lineal, el estudio también evalúa si existe un comportamiento procíclico o contra-cíclico de la inversión pública de transporte en Colombia. Los resultados indican que la inversión tiende a ser recortada en los malos tiempos, pero presenta algunas respuestas contra- cíclicas en periodos de buenos tiempos.
Computer support for verification works on the theme "Prime numbers"
Authors: Nazarov A. P.
Published: December 2020

Computer support for mathematics teachers during verification (control, written, independent) work is one of the actual tasks of teaching methods. For such support, it is necessary to develop special computer programs. The article describes the method for developing such programs on the example of a program for conducting a test on the theme "Prime numbers" using the Pulot method. The program generates numerical data that are used in the tasks of the control work. Each student gets an individual variant of the work, and students cannot rewrite work results from each other. The program is independent of any databases and data tables. Variants of tasks (numerical data) are not saved anywhere and are not known in advance. Typically, testing programs have databases, tasks and their answers, and they can be obtained in advance and used as a cheat sheet. In the considered method and in the developed computer program, this is impossible. The application of the presented program greatly facilitates the teacher's work and ensures the objectivity of control of students' knowledge, and also increases the level and quality of teaching
Association between Noise Exposure and Quality of Life among People Living Near Stone-Mortar Factories, Phayao Province, Northern Thailand
Authors:   Department of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand, Thongtip Sakesun , Sangkham Sarawut ,   Department of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand, Srivichai Piyavadee ,   Department of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand, Vongruang Patipat ,   Department of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
Published: December 2020

Noise may have adverse effects on health and quality of life (QoL). This study assessed the association between noise exposure and QoL among people living near stone-mortar factories. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using 269 subjects. The data was collected using questionnaires, sound level meter, and a geographic information system technique. The statistical analysis was carried out using independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient test and multiple binary logistic regression analysis. The average noise in factory no. 2, 4, and 5 was found to be higher than the standard level of NIOSH at 85 dB(A) and OSHA at 90 dB(A) for an 8-hour TWA. The multiple binary logistic regression analysis showed that an increasing residential distance was associated with high noise exposure after adjusting for age, education, income, length of stay in community, and overall QoL. The local policy makers should be required to emphasize on the reduction of noise pollution in stone-mortar factories and health surveillance of the residential neighborhood.
Research of the process of foaming of marshmallow mass with synbiotic
Authors: Korkach H. , Kotuzaki O. , Tolstykh V. , Shunko H.
Published: December 2020

Considering that today intestinal dysbiosis to some extent affects about 90 % of the population of Ukraine, it is advisable to develop confectionery products with functional ingredients that can affect the microflora and are used to restore the disturbed balance of intestinal ecostructure. Such ingredients include synbiotics. This paper substantiates the need to develop recipes for confectioneries, including marshmallows, to create new types of pastilles with functional properties. Marshmallow production includes the usage of egg whites in fresh, frozen, or dried form as a foaming agent. In recent years, companies use dry egg whites, which have a number of advantages: increasing the sanitary level of production, reducing production area, improving safety and quality stability of finished products that included it in the formula. The functional and technological properties of dry egg whites have been studied regarding the possibility of obtaining pastille products with high-quality stable foam structure. It has been experimentally established that dry protein should be reduced at 30…40 °C and the optimal foaming ability of the protein is at 40…45 °C. The regularities of the foaming process in confectionery masses with a synbiotic have been determined. It has been found that the marshmallow mass with microencapsulated bifidobacteria and lactulose (5; 7.5; and 10 %) requires 6, 5 and 4 minutes of whisking at 400 rpm to form foam, respectively, whereas the control sample required 8 minutes. The dependence of quality indicators of marshmallow masses (density and air volume concentration) on the foaming temperature has been studied. It has been established that the production of marshmallow mass with a synbiotic of a certain density occurs at 38 °C and the study of air volume concentration confirms that the maximum temperature allowing to produce a high-quality mass is 40 °C. Thus, the whisking temperature required to obtain high-quality and stable foam has been experimentally determined for the marshmallow mass. This research allows us to state with confidence that introducing a synbiotic complex into the structure of a marshmallow mass improves the foaming process which allows to produce high-quality products with soft texture and stable foam structure.
Estudos bibliométricos para aferir tendências de produção científica: Análise da categoria Audiology & Speech Language Pathology na Web of Science
Authors: Barbosa Caroline Lopes , Souza Luiz Augusto de Paula , Costa Rogério da , Ferreira Léslie Piccolotto
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: utilizar análises bibliométricas para apontar tendências da produção científica brasileira, no caso, nos periódicos disponibilizados na categoria Audiology & Speech Language Pathology da plataforma Web of Science (WoS), que é a mais próxima do sentido de Fonoaudiologia no português brasileiro. Estratégia de pesquisa: estudo bibliométrico exploratório realizado na plataforma Web of Science na categoria supracitada, no período de 1945 (início da disponibilização pela plataforma) a Maio de 2020. Critérios de seleção: considerou-se critério de inclusão as revistas que constam no Journal Citation Reports (ISI Web of Knowledge), dentro da “JCR Science Edition”. Os periódicos dessa lista estão caracterizados por áreas temáticas preestabelecidas pela WoS. Análise dos dados: foi utilizado filtro, disponível no sistema de análise de resultados da WoS, por país dos autores e co-autores dos manuscritos, considerando a participação de brasileiros como autor principal ou co-autor, Resultados: a partir da busca foram encontradas 26 revistas incluídas na categoria mencionada e 1.030 artigos com participação de pesquisadores brasileiros. Conclusão: a publicação de autores brasileiros em revistas internacionais indexadas na WoS vem se ampliando, principalmente nas últimas duas décadas, e configura oportunidade de disseminação da experiência científica brasileira em periódicos com alto nível de indexação e de impacto.
Carabus (Oreocarabus) guadarramus La Ferté–Sénectère, 1847 (Coleoptera, Carabidae): first instar larva and reflections on its biology and chorology
Authors:   Univ. de Alcalá de Henares, Spain, Gilgado J. D. , Ortuño V. M. ,   Univ. of Alcalá de Henares, Spain
Published: December 2020

We provide information for the first time on the larval morphology of Carabus (Oreocarabus) guadarramus La Ferté–Sénectère, 1847, a species endemic to the Iberian peninsula. A detailed iconography is also provided. Three main diagnostic features are given which are particularly relevant to the goal of providing a useful and practical tool to help differentiate between the first instar larvae of this species and the related Carabus (Oreocarabus) ghilianii La Ferté–Sénectère, 1847, which lives in syntopy with C. guadarramus. Detailed maps with 10 x 10 km UTM of the geographic distribution of both species are provided in order to highlight their different chorology. Some of the possible environmental causes that might affect its current distribution are discussed.
On the taxonomical identity of some taxa of the Iberian endemic genus Iberus Montfort, 1810 (Gastropoda, Helicidae)
Authors:   Museu Valencià d’Història Natural, Spain, Martínez-Ortí A. , Robles F. ,   Univ. de València, Burjassot, Spain
Published: December 2020

To determine the taxonomic identity of some of the species included in the genus Iberus, we reviewed the type series described by Rossmässler (1854) and deposited at the Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum of Frankfurt (Germany). We concluded that Helix alcarazana (currently Iberus alcarazanus) is a junior synonym of Iberus alonensis (Férussac, 1821). The type localities of Helix guiraoana and Helix alcarazana were discussed and modified and the lectotypes of Helix guiraoana, Helix guiraoana var. angustata, Helix alcarazana and Helix loxana were designated. In addition, we reviewed the type series of Helix alonensis Férussac, 1821 (currently Iberus alonensis) deposited at the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle of Paris, France and we selected its lectotype. The locality of Alicante has been designated as the restricted type locality of this species.
Management of waterfowl shooting during periods of severe weather in the UK
Authors:   British Association for Shooting and Conservation, Wales, UK, Ellis M. B.
Published: December 2020

During prolonged periods of severe weather waterfowl habitats are affected by snow or ice. Recreational users of the countryside can move waterbirds off prime feeding areas, potentially resulting in reductions in body condition, at a time when energy reserves are key to overwinter survival and subsequent breeding success. Over the last 30 years the British Association for Shooting and Conservation has been closely involved, along with the government and other conservation NGOs, in developing and implementing a criteria–driven process for defining severe weather and managing waterfowl shooting during it in order to minimise unnecessary disturbance to overwintering waterbirds. The system works well and is widely respected and applauded by conservation agencies. There are increasing efforts to bring more countryside activities, including dog walking, bird watching/ringing and other wetland users, into the system so as to reduce further unnecessary waterfowl disturbance during difficult winter weather.
Spatial behaviour and survival of translocated wild brown hares
Authors:   Univ. of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Jussy, Switzerland, Fischer C. , Tagand R. ,   Univ. of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Jussy, Switzerland
Published: December 2020

The fragility of many populations of brown hares in Western Europe is a concern for managers, hunters and naturalists. We took advantage of a locally high density population to use wild individuals to restock areas where the species had disappeared or was close to disappearing. The aim of the project was to assess the evolution of the spatial behaviour after release using radio–tracking. Over 150 wild brown hares were translocated, one third of which were fitted with radio collars. In addition, fifteen individuals were radio–tagged and released back into the source population as a control. Most individuals settled in less than two months and their seasonal home range, once settled, was similar to that observed in the source population. Mean duration of tracking was not significantly different between the two groups. Moreover, two years after the last translocation, tagged individuals can still be observed, but most hares present are not tagged, which indicates natural reproduction of the released individuals. The translocation of wild individuals thus appears to give encouraging results.
First estimation of Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) abundance and density using digital cameras and capture–recapture techniques in a German national park
Authors:   Inst. for Forest Zoology, Freiburg, Germany, Weingarth K. , Heibl C. ,   Bavarian Forest National Park, Grafenau, Germany, Knauer F. ,   Inst. for Forest Zoology, Freiburg, Germany, Zimmermann F. ,   KORA–Carnivore ecology and wildlife management, Switzerland, Bufka L. ,   Šumava National Park Administration, Czech Republic., Heurich M. ,   Bavarian Forest National Park, Grafenau, Germany
Published: December 2020

Eurasian lynx are individually identifiable by their unique coat markings, making them ideal candidates for capture–recapture (CMR) surveys. We evaluated the use of digital photography to estimate Eurasian lynx population abundance and density within the Bavarian Forest National Park. From November 2008 to January 2009 we placed 24 camera trap sites, each with two cameras facing each other on well–used walking tracks). The units were placed based on a systematic grid of 2.7 km. We captured five independent and three juvenile lynx and calculated abundance estimates using Program Mark. We also compared density estimates based on the MMDM method (Mean Maximum Distance Moved) from telemetry data (½MMDMGPS) and from camera trapping data (½MMDMCAM). We estimated that in an effectively sampled area of 664 km2 the Eurasian lynx density was 0.9 individuals/100 km2 with ½MMDMCAM. The Eurasian lynx density calculated with ½MMDMGPS was 0.4 individuals/100 km2 in an effectively sampled area of 1,381 km2. Our results suggest that long–term photographic CMR sampling on a large scale may be a useful tool to monitor population trends of Eurasian lynx in accordance with the Fauna–Flora–Habitat Directive of the European Union.
Influence of tourism and traffic on the Eurasian lynx hunting activity and daily movements
Authors:   Czech Univ. of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic, Belotti E. , Heurich M. ,   Bavarian Forest National Park, Grafenau, Germany, Kreisinger J. ,   Charles Univ. in Prague, Czech Republic, Sustr P. ,   Šumava NP and PLA Administration, Czech Republic, Bufka L. ,   Czech Univ. of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
Published: December 2020

Human presence influences survival of large carnivores in several ways and even outdoor activities can be a source of disturbance. As ungulate prey provide the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) with food for several nights and the pattern of lynx activity is mainly shaped by searching for and consuming large prey, the need to move decreases strongly while the prey is eaten. However, during the day, human activity may drive lynx to move to safe shelters and habitat features such as dense vegetation may increase tolerance. In the Bohemian Forest (Czech Republic), we found 116 prey killed by five GPS–collared lynxes. We tested whether the kill sites were located farther from roads or tourist trails than a set of randomly generated locations and whether presence of roads or tourist trails and habitat structure influenced the distance ‘kill site to daytime resting sites’. At night, with low human activity, lynxes did not avoid roads and even selected the surroundings of tourist trails. The distance ‘kill site to daytime resting sites’ correlated negatively with presence of habitat concealment and distance to tourist trails, suggesting that outdoor activities may have to be considered in lynx management plans.
Restoration of a sustainable wild grey partridge shoot in eastern England
Authors:   Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust, Fordingbridge, UK, Draycott R. A. H.
Published: December 2020

Eastern England has been a stronghold for grey partridges Perdix perdix, but in common with the rest of Britain, numbers declined from the 1950s onwards. Partridges within a 40 km2 study area in the county of Norfolk have been monitored in conjunction with the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust (GWCT) since the 1950s. Since 2001 a programme of habitat creation, supplementary feeding and predation control was undertaken by the landowner, farmers and gamekeepers to restore partridges. Numbers increased from 4.7 pairs/km2 in March 2001 to 54 pairs/km2 in March 2011. These densities are comparable with those before the national decline in grey partridge stock. In the last three winters, between 13 and 74 birds/km2 were harvested and spring stocks continue to increase.
Every partridge counts, successful techniques used in the captive conservation breeding programme for wild grey partridge in Ireland
Authors:   National Parks and Wildlife Service, ireland, Buckley K. , Kelly P. ,   Irish Grey Partridge Conservation Trust, Ireland, Carnus T. , Kavanagh B. ,   Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, ireland, O’Gorman E. C. ,   British Association for Shooting and Conservation, UK, McMahon B. J. ,   University College Dublin, Ireland
Published: December 2020

Between 1998 and 2001 the last remaining wild grey partridge (Perdix perdix) population in Ireland faced imminent extinction with an estimated spring population of 4–6 pairs, and an autumn population of 22–24 birds. A captive breeding programme began in 2002 with two pairs of grey partridge. In the most successful year in 2010, 39 pairs produced a total of 510 chicks. Average chick survival rate was 65.13%. At 88.9 the highest chick survival rate was achieved in 2011. Chick survival of parent–reared birds in captivity is defined by the number of juveniles surviving at age six weeks: similar to estimations used for wild populations of grey partridge. Family coveys were released in late summer to early autumn. In most instances the entire family cohort was released as one unit. However, in coveys of twenty or above, an average of five parent–reared poults were held back as breeding stock for the following year. In early spring of the following year, birds held back were paired with single males or females trapped from the wild. The techniques we used were traditional and labour intensive but highly effective. We recommend that other grey partridge recovery projects should consider captive breeding using the methods employed in this programme to compliment other game management methods used.
Microsatellite markers show distinctiveness of released and wild grey partridges in Finland
Authors:   Univ.  of  Oulu, Finland, Liukkonen T. , Kvist L. ,   Univ.  of  Oulu, Finland, Mykrä S. ,   The Nature and Game Management Trust Finland, Finland
Published: December 2020

The main aim of this study was to study whether the present game farm stocks used for releases to the wild in Finland are similar to wild populations in their genetic structure, and if not, whether the wild populations show any signs of hybridisation. A total of 301 feather samples and ten microsatellite loci were used. Samples were collected from France, Great Britain, Finland (wild and captive) and Greece. We estimated pairwise FST–values between study populations, examined population structure and identified possible first generation migrants. Pairwise FST–values indicated structuring among studied populations. Results indicate that the farm stock used for releases deviates from the wild populations. No signs of hybridisation between the released and native birds were detected.
Does the use of playback affect the estimated numbers of red–legged partridge Alectoris rufa?
Authors:   Univ. of Turin, Italy, Tizzani P. , Negri E. ,   Stazzano Civic Museum of Natural History, Italy, Silvano F. ,   Stazzano Civic Museum of Natural History, Italy, Malacarne G. ,   Univ. of Eastern Piedmont, Italy, Meneguz P. G. ,   Univ. of Turin, Italy
Published: December 2020

The red–legged partridge Alectoris rufa lives in a situation of potential conservation risk for its long–term preservation in Italy as its habitat is increasingly threatened by the disappearance of traditional agriculture–related environments. In such a situation, it is important to use effective and appropriate monitoring methods to assess population changes over time and to identify potential conservation threats. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the playback method to estimate the density of calling males. We compared playback method with spontaneous calling of males at dawn and direct observations along transects. The results on raw count data of playback counts revealed a strong underestimation rate compared to the method that gave the best results: count of spontaneous calls at dawn. Our study provides a critical evaluation of a method that is widely used even though data about its effectiveness are scarce. Our data do not evaluate detection probability of the three methods. Our aim was only to evaluate which methods give the best results in term of population size estimation under the same field condition (same population density, same period, same monitoring area). The results raise some doubts about the ability of the playback method to monitor red–legged partridge populations. The implications of our results for red–legged population management are discussed.
Why do ecologists aim to get positive results? Once again, negative results are necessary for better knowledge accumulation
Authors:   IMEDEA (CSIC–UIB), Spain, Martínez–Abraín A.
Published: December 2020

Hypothesis testing is commonly used in ecology and conservation biology as a tool to test statistical–population parameter properties against null hypotheses. This tool was first invented by lab biologists and statisticians to deal with experimental data for which the magnitude of biologically relevant effects was known beforehand. The latter often makes the use of this tool inadequate in ecology because we field ecologists usually deal with observational data and seldom know the magnitude of biologically relevant effects. This precludes us from using hypothesis testing in the correct way, which is posing informed null hypotheses and making use of a priori power tests to calculate necessary sample sizes, and it forces us to use null hypotheses of equality to zero effects which are of little use for field ecologists because we know beforehand that zero effects do not exist in nature. This is why only ‘positive’ (statistically significant) results are sought by ecologists, because negative results always derive from a lack of power to detect small (usually biologically irrelevant) effects. Despite this, ‘negative’ results should be published, as they are important within the context of meta–analysis (which accounts for uncertainty when weighting individual studies by sample size) to allow proper decision–making. The use of multiple hypothesis testing and Bayesian statistics puts an end to this black or white dichotomy and moves us towards a more realistic continuum of grey tones.
A new species of Mysidopsis (Crustacea, Mysida, Mysidae) from coastal waters of Catalonia (north–western Mediterranean)
Authors:   Univ. Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain, San Vicente C.
Published: December 2020

A new species of the genus Mysidopsis (Crustacea, Mysida, Mysidae, Leptomysinae) is described based on specimens sampled with a suprabenthic sled in the littoral located near the coastal city of Mataró (north–western Mediterranean). The new species lives in the soft–bottom suprabenthic habitat near a Posidonia oceanica meadow, at depths between 17 and 21 m. The main distinguishing features of Mysidopsis iluroensis n. sp. are the small body size, a prominent rostrum, the absence of carapace dorsal nodules, and the armature of the antennule, telson and uropod. The morphology of the new species is compared with other species of Mysidopsis in the Mediterranean Sea.
Three new species of Bryconamericus (Characiformes, Characidae), with keys for species from Ecuador and a discussion on the validity of the genus Knodus
Authors:   Univ. del Quindío, Colombia, Román–Valencia C. , Ruiz-C. R. I. ,   Univ. del Quindío, Colombia, Taphorn B. D. C. ,   Univ. del Quindío, Colombia, García-A. C. ,   Univ. del Quindío, Colombia
Published: December 2020

Three new species of characid fishes of the genus Bryconamericus are described from the Pacific coast and Amazon Basin in Ecuador, based on pigmentation and morphometric, meristic and osteological characters. B. bucayensis (n = 48) is distinguished by the number of scales between the lateral line and the pelvic–fin insertions (7–8 vs. 2–7, except B. terrabensis with 7–8 and B. arilepis with 9–10), the number of branched anal–fin rays (33–38 vs. 31 or fewer), the number of anterior anal–fin rays covered by a row of scales at their bases (28–31 vs. 4–26), and its wide anterior maxillary tooth being at least twice the width of the posterior tooth, both of which are pentacuspid (vs. maxillary teeth of same size). B. zamorensis (n = 126) is distinguished from congeners by having five teeth on the maxilla (vs. 1 or 2 teeth on maxilla), except B. rubropictus and B. thomasi, from which it differs in a reticulated pattern over the lateral stripe, generated by the concentration of melanophores, the scale margins, all along the sides of the body, the high number of branched anal–fin rays and vertebras, and the low branched dorsal–fin rays. The dorsal expansion of the rhinosphenoid forms a bony wall between olfactory nerves (vs. dorsal expansion of rhinosphenoid between olfactory nerves absent). Lateral process of palatine surpasses anterolateral margin of ectopterygoid (vs. palatine without lateral processes that laterally surpass the ectopterygoid), and the distal tip of sphenotic spine is laterally wide and undulated (vs. narrow). B. oroensis n. sp. (n = 124) is distinguished by having a dark lateral stripe overlaid with a peduncular spot and a reticulated pattern on the sides of the body (vs. peduncular spot and other body pigments not superimposed over a dark lateral stripe). It has three simple dorsal–fin rays, the first only visible in cleared and stained material and articulated, along with the second simple ray, with the first dorsal pterygiophores. The third simple ray is longer, and articulated with second dorsal pterygiophores (vs. only two simple dorsal–fin rays, both articulated with first dorsal pterygiophores). The anterior frontal is separated and so the fontanel front parietal is continued on the mesethmoids (vs. anterior tips of frontals united, and not separated by mesethmoids). Keys for identification of the species of Bryconamericus known to occur in Ecuador are included and the validity of the genus Knodus (vide Knodus carlosi) is discussed for cis Andean species.