bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Few-femtosecond time-resolved study of the UV-induced dissociative dynamics of iodomethane
Authors: Colaizzi Lorenzo , Ryabchuk Sergey , Månsson Erik P. , Saraswathula Krishna , Wanie Vincent , Trabattoni Andrea , González-Vázquez Jesús , Martín Fernando , Calegari Francesca
Published: October 2024

Ultraviolet (UV) light that penetrates our atmosphere initiates various photochemical and photobiological processes. However, the absence of extremely short UV pulses has so far hindered our ability to fully capture the mechanisms at the very early stages of such processes. This is important because the concerted motion of electrons and nuclei in the first few femtoseconds often determines molecular reactivity. Here we investigate the dissociative dynamics of iodomethane following UV photoexcitation, utilizing mass spectrometry with a 5 fs time resolution. The short duration of the UV pump pulse (4.2 fs) allows the ultrafast dynamics to be investigated in the absence of any external field, from well before any significant vibrational displacement occurs until dissociation has taken place. The experimental results combined with semi-classical trajectory calculations provide the identification of the main dissociation channels and indirectly reveal the signature of a conical intersection in the time-dependent yield of the iodine ion. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the UV-induced breakage of the C-I bond can be prevented when the molecule is ionized by the probe pulse within 5 fs after the UV excitation, showcasing an ultrafast stabilization scheme against dissociation.
Accumulation of F-actin drives brain aging and limits healthspan in Drosophila
Authors: Schmid Edward T. , Schinaman Joseph M. , Liu-Abramowicz Naomi , Williams Kylie S. , Walker David W.
Published: October 2024

The actin cytoskeleton is a key determinant of cell structure and homeostasis. However, possible tissue-specific changes to actin dynamics during aging, notably brain aging, are not understood. Here, we show that there is an age-related increase in filamentous actin (F-actin) in Drosophila brains, which is counteracted by prolongevity interventions. Critically, decreasing F-actin levels in aging neurons prevents age-onset cognitive decline and extends organismal healthspan. Mechanistically, we show that autophagy, a recycling process required for neuronal homeostasis, is disabled upon actin dysregulation in the aged brain. Remarkably, disrupting actin polymerization in aged animals with cytoskeletal drugs restores brain autophagy to youthful levels and reverses cellular hallmarks of brain aging. Finally, reducing F-actin levels in aging neurons slows brain aging and promotes healthspan in an autophagy-dependent manner. Our data identify excess actin polymerization as a hallmark of brain aging, which can be targeted to reverse brain aging phenotypes and prolong healthspan.
Raman spectroscopy reveals oxidative stress-induced metabolic vulnerabilities in early-stage AR-negative prostate-cancer versus normal-prostate cell lines
Authors: Cameron M. , Frame F. , Maitland N. J. , Hancock Y.
Published: October 2024

Quantitative Raman spectroscopy provides information-rich imaging of complex tissues. To illustrate its ability to characterise early-stage disease, we compared live P4E6, a low-grade Gleason-3 prostate-cancer cell line, to PNT2-C2, a normal prostate cell-line equivalent, thereby elucidating key molecular and mechanistic differences. Spectral changes from statistically relevant population sampling show P4E6 is defined by reduced DNA/RNA signatures (primarily base-pair modifications), increased protein-related signatures (synthesis), decreased whole-cell measured saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, and increased cholesterol and cholesterol ester (lipid storage). Signatures in the live-cell disease state point to the Warburg effect for aerobic glycolysis as the mechanism for cellular energy generation. A follow-on study involving catastrophic desiccation showed a key survival pathway in the cancer state in the structural robustness of DNA/RNA. Metabolic changes, namely in Warburg-to-oxidative-phosphorylation rerouting and reduced protein synthesis, were also shown. Such modifications limit cancer’s resistance to oxidative damage, and thus its ability to utilise a higher redox homeostasis for metabolic advantage. The results demonstrate the ability of quantitative Raman spectroscopy to uncover, with full molecular-heterogeneity capture, mechanistic vulnerabilities in lowest-grade tumorigenic prostate cancer, thereby revealing underlying targets for disease disruption at early stage.
Energy-conversion efficiency for producing oxy-hydrogen gas using a simple generator based on water electrolysis
Authors: Mousa Ahmed M. , Sayed Hassan A. A. , Ali Khaled A. M. , Elkaoud Nabil S. , Mahmoud Wael A. E.
Published: October 2024

Producing hydrogen efficiently through water electrolysis could greatly reduce fossil fuel consumption. As well as this renewable energy source will also help combat global warming and boost economic investment opportunities. This paper studied some factors affecting the performance of oxy-hydrogen/hydroxy (HHO) gas generator, such as applied voltage (from 10.5 to 13.0 V) and electrolyte solution concentration (from 0.05 to 0.20 M), using a dry fuel cell based on the electrolyzing technique of water. The results revealed that the HHO gas production rate, power consumption, and temperature change of electrolyte solution increased significantly with increasing the tested applied voltage and electrolyte concentration. This study concluded that the optimum conditions for producing HHO gas ranged from 11.5 to 12.0 V for applied voltage and from 0.05 to 0.10 M for KOH concentration according to the lowest specific energy and highest HHO gas generator efficiency. Under the previous optimum conditions, the highest productivity, specific energy, and efficiency of the HHO gas generator were 343.9 cm3 min−1, 3.43 kW h m−3, and 53.79%, respectively, using 12.0 V for applied voltage and 0.10 M for electrolyte solution concentration. These findings provide an unambiguous direction for adjusting the operational factors (applied voltage and electrolyte concentration) for efficient HHO gas production and use in different applications. Furthermore, the required energy to operate the HHO gas generator can be obtained from renewable sources.
An innovative approach to control fish-borne zoonotic metacercarial infections in aquaculture by utilizing nanoparticles
Authors: Mahdy Olfat A. , Salem Mai A. , Abdelsalam Mohamed , Attia Marwa M.
Published: October 2024

Fish-borne zoonotic trematodes (FBZTs) pose significant health risks and economic challenges worldwide. This study investigated the prevalence of encysted metacercariae (EMCs) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from two Egyptian governorates and evaluated the antiparasitic efficacy of chitosan, silver, and selenium nanoparticles against these parasites. A cross-sectional analysis of 453 O. niloticus specimens revealed an overall EMC prevalence of 40.8%, with infection rates of 34.11% in Giza and 49.5% in Dakahlia. Clinostomid and Prohemistomid metacercariae were the most common, with mixed infections observed. Transmission electron microscopy characterized the synthesized nanoparticles, showing average diameters of 9.6–18.7 nm for chitosan, 13.2–19.8 nm for selenium, and 11.7–15.1 nm for silver nanoparticles. In vitro antiparasitic assays demonstrated varying efficacies among the nanoparticles. Against Clinostomum spp. metacercariae, chitosan nanoparticles showed the highest potency, achieving LC50 at 66 μg/ml after 30 min and LC90 at 100 μg/ml after 120 min. For Prohemistomum vivax EMCs, chitosan nanoparticles exhibited superior efficacy, achieving LC50 at 8 μg/ml after 1 h and LC90 at 16 μg/ml after 2 h. Silver and selenium nanoparticles showed lower efficacy for both parasite species. Scanning electron microscopy revealed significant ultrastructural damage to the parasite tegument following nanoparticle exposure, including disappearance of transverse ridges, integument shrinkage, and formation of blebs. This study provided valuable insights into the prevalence of FBZTs in Egyptian Nile tilapia and demonstrated the potential of nanoparticles, particularly chitosan, as effective antiparasitic agents. These findings pave the way for developing novel, targeted strategies to control fish-borne zoonotic trematodes, potentially reducing their impact on public health and aquaculture economies.
Preparation, physical, optical, ESR and γ-ray attenuation efficacy investigation of copper oxide/silver borosilicate glass
Authors: El-Seidy Ahmed M. A. , Sallam O. I. , Nabil Islam M. , Rammah Yasser S. , El-Okaily Mohamed S. , Alshater Heba
Published: October 2024

The sonication method was used to prepare a new set of CuO and CuO/Ag nanocomposites. The particle size was estimated using XRD and HR-TEM while the morphology of the nanoparticles was investigated with SEM. The average particle sizes of CuO and Ag falls in the 29.32–35.80 nm and 35.13–45.95 nm ranges, respectively. XRD declared that CuO has the space groups C 1 c 1 (9) and C 1 2/c 1 (15), while silver has space group F m -3 m (225). XPS analysis indicated the presence of Ag as Ag0 and Cu as Cu2+. Nano-oxide and nanocomposites were used to synthesis CuO and CuO/Ag doped lithium–zinc borosilicate glass. Physical parameters of the glass samples were calculated including density, $$\hbox {V}_{m}$$

V
m

, $$\hbox {V}_{o}$$

V
o

, $$\hbox {V}_{m}^{B}$$

V

m

B

, OPD, $$\hbox {d}_{B-B}$$

d

B
-
B

, $$\hbox {n}_{b}$$

n
b

, and N, $$\hbox {R}_{p}$$

R
p

, and $$\hbox {R}_{i}$$

R
i

depending on Ag and CuO mole fractions. The physical properties of glass indicated an increase in density and an initial expansion in glass structural network with the addition of silver metal due to its larger size followed by a compression as its molar ratio increase due to its higher $$\hbox {C}_{no}$$

C

no

. XRD measurements were reported for the glass samples doped with nanoparticles, proving the amorphous phase. ESR measurements were determined for all glass samples to detect the nature of the doped nanoparticles when incorporated inside a glassy matrix where CuO was found as tetragonal in octahedral sites and silver can be transformed after melting inside the glass matrix into Ag+ to form more stable $$\hbox {Ag}^{x+}_{y}$$

Ag
y

x
+

clusters.The fabricated sample of CuAgB-4 with significant nano silver doping (7.32% mol) has the maximum LAc and effective atomic number. Nano silver content increases the $$\gamma$$
γ
-RdSg in the lithium–zinc borosilicate glasses.
A new superfluity deep learning model for detecting knee osteoporosis and osteopenia in X-ray images
Authors: Naguib Soaad M. , Saleh Mohammed K. , Hamza Hanaa M. , Hosny Khalid M. , Kassem Mohamed A.
Published: October 2024

This study proposes a new deep-learning approach incorporating a superfluity mechanism to categorize knee X-ray images into osteoporosis, osteopenia, and normal classes. The superfluity mechanism suggests the use of two distinct types of blocks. The rationale is that, unlike a conventional serially stacked layer, the superfluity concept involves concatenating multiple layers, enabling features to flow into two branches rather than a single branch. Two knee datasets have been utilized for training, validating, and testing the proposed model. We use transfer learning with two pre-trained models, AlexNet and ResNet50, comparing the results with those of the proposed model. The results indicate that the performance of the pre-trained models, namely AlexNet and ResNet50, was inferior to that of the proposed Superfluity DL architecture. The Superfluity DL model demonstrated the highest accuracy (85.42% for dataset1 and 79.39% for dataset2) among all the pre-trained models.
Model selection to achieve reproducible associations between resting state EEG features and autism
Authors: Carson William E. , Major Samantha , Akkineni Harshitha , Fung Hannah , Peters Elias , Carpenter Kimberly L. H. , Dawson Geraldine , Carlson David E.
Published: October 2024

A concern in the field of autism electroencephalography (EEG) biomarker discovery is their lack of reproducibility. In the present study, we considered the problem of learning reproducible associations between multiple features of resting state (RS) neural activity and autism, using EEG data collected during a RS paradigm from 36 to 96 month-old children diagnosed with autism (N = 224) and neurotypical children (N = 69). Specifically, EEG spectral power and functional connectivity features were used as inputs to a regularized generalized linear model trained to predict diagnostic group (autism versus neurotypical). To evaluate our model, we proposed a procedure that quantified both the predictive generalization and reproducibility of learned associations produced by the model. When prioritizing both model predictive performance and reproducibility of associations, a highly reproducible profile of associations emerged. This profile revealed a distinct pattern of increased gamma power and connectivity in occipital and posterior midline regions associated with an autism diagnosis. Conversely, model selection based on predictive performance alone resulted in non-robust associations. Finally, we built a custom machine learning model that further empirically improved robustness of learned associations. Our results highlight the need for model selection criteria that maximize the scientific utility provided by reproducibility instead of predictive performance.
Public evidence on AI products for digital pathology
Authors: Matthews Gillian A. , McGenity Clare , Bansal Daljeet , Treanor Darren
Published: October 2024

Novel products applying artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods to digital pathology images are touted to have many uses and benefits. However, publicly available information for products can be variable, with few sources of independent evidence. This review aimed to identify public evidence for AI-based products for digital pathology. Key features of products on the European Economic Area/Great Britain (EEA/GB) markets were examined, including their regulatory approval, intended use, and published validation studies. There were 26 AI-based products that met the inclusion criteria and, of these, 24 had received regulatory approval via the self-certification route as General in vitro diagnostic (IVD) medical devices. Only 10 of the products (38%) had peer-reviewed internal validation studies and 11 products (42%) had peer-reviewed external validation studies. To support transparency an online register was developed using identified public evidence (https://osf.io/gb84r/), which we anticipate will provide an accessible resource on novel devices and support decision making.
A qualitative interview study on quality of life and ageing experiences of autistic adults
Authors: Viner Hannah E. , Yuill Nicola , Costa Andreia P. , Radford Holly , Kornadt Anna E.
Published: October 2024

Quality of life across the lifespan has been established as a key research priority by the autism community. Still relatively little is known about the quality of life and ageing experiences of older autistic adults. Most studies to date have used generic measures of quality of life which may not accurately capture the experiences of autistic people. The aim of this qualitative study was to understand how autistic adults experience and define quality of life as they age. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 16 autistic adults aged 40+ from the UK and Luxembourg. Using reflexive thematic analysis, we identified five themes that contribute to quality of life: (1) Diagnosis is pivotal, (2) Connection with others, (3) Autonomy over space and time, (4) ‘Paperwork of life’, (5) Vulnerability. This study identifies autism-specific aspects of quality of life and highlights ways in which ageing and autism intersect and impact quality of life.
A dual-targeted trinity of antibody–peptide–drug delivery consortium to combat HER2+ tumor
Authors: Shang Yuna , Wang Jiayu , Feng Yinyin , Liu Zhengyu , Lu Jiayi , Deng Sijia , Li Li , Zhang Hongxu , Li Liantao , Wang Zhongyan , Yang Zhimou
Published: October 2024

We report for the first time that an anticancer drug–peptide conjugate containing γEγE in its side chain and RGD motif exhibits high affinity for Herceptin and facilitates self-assembly to form antibody–peptide–drug nanofibers.
Some aspects of MOF-74 (Zn2DOBDC) metal–organic framework formation using THF as the solvent
Authors: Starodubtseva Alena A. , Dubrovskiy Vladislav A. , Malik Seiilbek D. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Sembayeva Aliya M. , Morontsev Aleksandr A. , Galeyeva Alina K. , Trussov Ivan A.
Published: October 2024

MOF-74 is well known for its defined cellular pores. The structure of these pores can be relatively simply modified via changing solvents (e.g., THF) where the MOF is forming.
On the ground and excited electronic states of LaCO and AcCO
Authors: Ariyarathna Isuru R.
Published: October 2024

MRCI, MRCI+Q, and CCSD(T) calculations were performed to investigate the low-lying states of LaCO and AcCO species and their potential energy curves, geometries, and energy related properties are reported.
Towards efficient and stable organic solar cells: fixing the morphology problem in block copolymer active layers with synergistic strategies supported by interpretable machine learning
Authors: Cui Yu , Fan Qunping , Feng Hao , Li Tao , Paraschuk Dmitry Yu. , Ma Wei , Yan Han
Published: October 2024

Interpretable machine learning identifies the causal structure–property relationships and key control factors in block copolymer organic solar cells with excellent power conversion efficiency and thermal stability.
Ellagic acid ameliorates alcohol-induced cognitive and social dysfunction through the gut microbiota-mediated CCL21-CCR7 axis
Authors: Zhang Hongbo , Luo Min , Li Yinuo , Liu Lu , Bian Ji , Gong Lan , He Caian , Han Lin , Wang Min
Published: October 2024

EA enhanced the abundance of beneficial bacteria as well as their derived metabolites, thereby inhibiting chronic alcohol-induced neuroinflammation via regulation of the gut microbiota-mediated CCL21-CCR7 axis, ultimately ameliorating AICSD.
Preparation of 4D hydrogels with PET-RAFT and orthogonal photo-reactions
Authors: Jee Chanhyuk , Matsumoto Hikaru , Horiuchi Tasuku , Liu Zaiyang , Wang Zhongkui , Kakeru Obayashi , Kojio Ken , Nagao Masanori , Miura Yoshiko
Published: October 2024

We investigated of 4D dimensional hydrogels with photo orthogonal reaction. The 4D movements were observed and discussed based on the physical properties and computer simulation.
Research on advanced photoresponsive azobenzene hydrogels with push–pull electronic effects: a breakthrough in photoswitchable adhesive technologies
Authors: Wang Yun-Ying , Chen Peng-Wen , Chen Yu-Hsin , Yeh Mei-Yu
Published: October 2024

This study presents azobenzene-based hydrogels for photo-controlled, reversible adhesion. The ABOMe ionic hydrogel exhibits strong adhesion, self-healing, and underwater capabilities, advancing the field of smart biomedical and wearable adhesives.
Effects of catholyte aging on high-nickel NMC cathodes in sulfide all-solid-state batteries
Authors: Li Yuanshun , Cho Yukio , Cai Jiyu , Kim Chanho , Zheng Xueli , Wu Wenda , Musgrove Amanda L. , Su Yifeng , Sacci Robert L. , Chen Zonghai , Nanda Jagjit , Yang Guang
Published: October 2024

Unlocking longevity in solid-state batteries: our study highlights how the sulfide catholyte Li6PS5Cl outshines halide-based alternatives by mitigating side reactions in NMC811 cathodes, indicating its promise for extending battery lifespan.
Study of a small molecule gel fracturing fluid and its in situ conversion into an efficient oil displacement agent
Authors: Yang Jingwen , Liu Bo , Wu Tianjiang , Zhou Pengcheng , Liu Qiaona , Tang Ying , Huang Hai , Chen Gang
Published: October 2024

Viscoelastic surfactants (VESs) are critical components of water-based fracturing fluids.
Decoupled electron–phonon transport in Ag2Se thermoelectric materials through constructing TiO2/MoS2 co-decorated cell-membrane-mimic grain boundaries
Authors: Hu Hanwen , Liao Yiyan , Tan Shanshan , Li Chen , Tang Jun , Zheng Kun , Yang Lei
Published: October 2024

Inspired by the cell membrane with selective permeability, we construct bio-mimic grain boundaries with TiO2 and MoS2 co-decoration in Ag2Se to decouple electron scattering from strong phonon scattering, increasing the zT value of Ag2Se by up to 60%.
I2-Promoted oxidative annulation of three different amines to access diverse biheteroaryls
Authors: Fan Guangping , Cao Penghui , Bai Fang , Yin Yanyan , Hou Xueyan , Liu Yani , Xing Zhenzhen , Wang Yanhui , Sun Tangqiang , Gao Qinghe
Published: October 2024

An I2-promoted oxidative annulation of three different amines enables the assembly of nonsymmetrical 2,2′-biquinolines and related bis-azines through a [4π + 2σ] annulation reaction.
Recent progress in therapeutic applications of fluorinated five-membered heterocycles and their benzo-fused systems
Authors: Abbas Ashraf A. , Farghaly Thoraya A. , Dawood Kamal M.
Published: October 2024

Fluorinated five-membered heterocycles have potent therapeutic activities including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, enzymatic inhibitory, and antimalarial.
Modified hydrothermal method for synthesizing titanium dioxide-decorated multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites for the solar-driven photocatalytic degradation of dyes
Authors: Trinh Nhu-Bao , Nguyen Thu Anh , Vu Sy Van , Vo Hong-Gam Thi , Lo Tien Nu Hoang , Park In , Vo Khuong Quoc
Published: October 2024

Address the issue of rapid electron-hole recombination in photocatalysis by exploiting multi-phase TiO2 decorated on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to improve the photocatalytic degradation of dyes.
Four newly synthesized enones induce mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest in colorectal and cervical cancer cells
Authors: Bulić Marija , Nikolić Ivana , Mitrović Marina , Muškinja Jovana , Todorović Tamara , Anđelković Marija
Published: October 2024

Mechanism of action for newly synthesized enones.
Correction: Development of N-alkylated benzimidazole based cubosome hydrogel for topical treatment of burns
Authors: Nawaz Maubashera , Hayat Sofia , Farooq Umer , Iqbal Muhammad Adnan , Khalid Syed Haroon , Nee Tan Wen , Khaw Kooi Yeong , Munir Rabia , Ijaz Muhammad Umar
Published: October 2024

Correction for ‘Development of N-alkylated benzimidazole based cubosome hydrogel for topical treatment of burns’ by Maubashera Nawaz et al., RSC Adv., 2024, 14, 32008–32020, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA04816D.
Light scattering study of algal floc growth and structure: alum vs. polymeric plant-derived flocculant
Authors: Orimolade Temitope , Le Ngoc-Tram , Trimble Lyle , Ramarao Bandaru , Krishnan Sitaraman
Published: October 2024

Algal flocculation using alum shows dynamic fractal restructuring over time, while Moringa oleifera protein induces faster densification, enhancing floc strength.
Supramolecular chiroptical sensing of chiral species based on circularly polarized luminescence
Authors: Chen Panyang , Fan Huahua , Du Sifan , Wen Xin , Zhang Li , Liu Minghua
Published: October 2024

Chiral analytes can bind to an achiral fluorescent system to generate circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). Subsequently, the CPL signal can be employed to determine the absolute configuration of the chiral substrate.
Robust surface coating materials for chemical warfare agent simulant detoxification using ladder-like poly(silsesquioxane) and metal–organic framework composites
Authors: Lee Seungjae , Hur Seungjae , Jeong Keunhong , Hwang Hoesun , Choi Jungkyu , Khaorapapong Nithima , Baek Kyung-Youl , Seo Jin Young , Yamauchi Yusuke , Na Jongbeom
Published: October 2024

Robust composites are designed to degrade chemical warfare agents by integrating UiO-66 catalysts and branched poly(ethyleneimine) into a ladder-like poly(silsesquioxane) matrix, making them ideal for protective coatings.
Construction of a stable interface at the Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 cathode using LiDFOB electrolyte additives for high-performance sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Siyao , Xu Hui , Zhu Yuanqiang , Yang Ziwei , Bao Yuanhai , Chen Yong
Published: October 2024

The effects of LiDFOB as a functional electrolyte additive to improve the electrochemical properties of Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 cathode materials for SIBs were investigated. The LiDFOB inhibited the decomposition of NaPF6 to erode the cathode surface.
Cobalt oxide/cerium oxide heterogeneous interfaces as advanced durable and bifunctional electrocatalysts for robust industrially relevant overall water splitting
Authors: Inamdar Akbar I. , Salunke Amol S. , Seok Jun Ho , Chavan Harish S. , Shrestha Nabeen K. , Lee Sang Uck , Cho Sangeun , Im Hyunsik
Published: October 2024

Non-precious mixed-phase Co oxide and Ce oxide heterostructured electrodes are investigated as bifunctional electrocatalysts for both oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions in an alkaline medium. They are capable to operate at industrial relevant current density.
One-pot rapid preparation of long-term antioxidant and antibacterial biomedical gels based on lipoic acid and eugenol for accelerating cutaneous wound healing
Authors: Feng Yungang , Xie Fangrui , Ding Rui , Zhang Qingrong , Zeng Youzhi , Li Li , Wu Lianbin , Yu Yunlong , Fang Linxuan
Published: October 2024

A medical antibacterial gel with long term and high antioxidant activity prepared from eugenol and lipoic acid showed good tissue repair and regeneration for burns and trauma.
Nonvolatile electrical control of the electronic and valleytronic properties by ferroelectricity in the VSi2P4/Al2S3 van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Zhang Shoubao , Jiao Na , Lu Hongyan , Zheng Mengmeng , Zhang Ping , Ni Meiyan
Published: October 2024

An effective way for nonvolatile electrical control of the electronic and valleytronic properties by ferroelectricity in the VSi2P4/Al2S3 multiferroic van der Waals heterostructure.
Lanthanide coordinated multicolor luminescent polymeric hydrogels
Authors: Zhang Xiaoye , Wang Haohui , Lu Wei , Chen Tao , Wei Peng
Published: October 2024

A review of lanthanide coordinated multicolor luminescent polymeric hydrogels (LPHs) based on the synthetic strategies.
The variability of Betelgeuse explained by surface convection
Authors: Pilate Q. , Ariste A. López , Lavail A. , Mathias Ph.
Published: October 2024

Context. Betelgeuse is a red supergiant (RSG) that is known to vary semi-regularly on both short and long timescales. The origin of the short period of Betelgeuse has often been associated with radial pulsations, but could also be due to the convection motions present at the surface of RSGs.

Aims. We investigate the link between surface activity and the variability of the star.

Methods. Linear polarization in Betelgeuse is a proxy of convection that is unrelated to pulsations. Using ten years of spectropolarimetric data of Betelgeuse, we looked for periodicities in the least-squares deconvolution profiles of Stokes I, Q, U and the total linear polarization using Lomb–Scargle periodograms.

Results. We find periods in linear polarization signals that are similar to those in photometric variability. The 400 d period is too close to a peak of the window function of our data, but the two periods of 330 d and 200 d are present in the periodogram of Stokes Q and U, showing that the variability of Betelgeuse can be interpreted as being due to surface convection.

Conclusions. Since the linear polarization in the spectrum of Betelgeuse is not known to vary with pulsations, but is linked to surface convection, and since similar periods are found in the time series of photometric measurements and spectropolarimetry, we conclude that the photometric variability is due to the surface convective structures, and not to any pulsation phenomenon.
Multi-wavelength observations of the luminous fast blue optical transient AT 2023fhn
Authors: Chrimes A. A. , Coppejans D. L. , Jonker P. G. , Levan A. J. , Groot P. J. , Mummery A. , Stanway E. R.
Published: October 2024

Context. Luminous fast blue optical transients (LFBOTs) are a class of extragalactic transients notable for their rapid rise and fade times, blue colour, and accompanying luminous X-ray and radio emission. Only a handful have been studied in detail since the prototypical example AT 2018cow. Their origins are currently unknown, but ongoing observations of previous and new events are placing ever stronger constraints on their progenitors.

Aims. We aim to put further constraints on the LFBOT AT 2023fhn, and LFBOTs as a class, using information from the multi-wavelength transient light curve, its host galaxy, and local environment.

Methods. Our primary results were obtained by fitting galaxy models to the spectral energy distribution of AT 2023fhn’s host and local environment, and by modelling the radio light curve of AT 2023fhn as due to synchrotron self-absorbed emission from an expanding blast wave in the circumstellar medium.

Results. We find that neither the host galaxy nor circumstellar environment of AT 2023fhn are unusual compared with previous LFBOTs, but that AT 2023fhn has a much lower X-ray to ultraviolet luminosity ratio than previous events.

Conclusions. We argue that the variety in ultraviolet-optical to X-ray luminosity ratios among LFBOTs is likely due to viewing angle differences, and that the diffuse, yet young local environment of AT 2023fhn – combined with a similar circumstellar medium to previous events – favours a progenitor system containing a massive star with strong winds. Plausible progenitor models in this interpretation therefore include the mergers of black holes and Wolf-Rayet stars or failed supernovae.
The spatial distribution of Radon-222 in Soil: SaTScan and Geographic Information System
Authors: Obayes Esraa Salim , Ibrahim Afrah Abdulhussein , Abojassi Ali Abid , Hussein Ali Kadhim , Jassim Ali Saeed
Published: October 2024

This study identifies clustering and hotspot radon concentrations in the city of Najaf's soil samples with the RAD-7 detector. The radon concentration varied from 0.16 kBq /m3 to 10.04 kBq /m3 with an average value of 3.69 ±2.26 Bq/m3 were a normal level according to the Sweden Criteria. Radon concentrations were mapped using a geographic information system approach, and a clustered distribution was found using local spatial autocorrelation analysis. Three regions were found to be H-H clusters (hot spots) based on the Moran index study of spatial autocorrelation within local regions, whereas five regions were found to be L-L clusters (cold spots). Three important spatial clusters were found using a spatial scan analysis.
Geodetic control of the technical condition of buildings
Authors: Germak Oksana , Kalacheva Natalya , Nikolenko Maksim
Published: October 2024

Problems related to ensuring the control of the state of cultural heritage objects have existed for a long time. Their solution requires timely monitoring and consideration of effective algorithms for collecting and processing information. The object of the study is a building that has the status of an architectural heritage monument. The article describes the result of a study that was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of the instrumental geodetic method in assessing the technical condition of architectural heritage monuments. The research methods evaluated in the work were: determination of vertical movements of the foundation of the building and determination of the deformation characteristics of the building. Modern digital geodetic instruments were used in the implementation of this method. The purpose of the study is to analyze the application of the instrumental geodetic method as one of the main methods in assessing the technical condition of architectural heritage monuments. The instrumental geodetic method described in the article was based on empirical data obtained from direct geodetic measurements, conclusions are drawn about the technical condition of the monument. As a result of the research, it was found that the building has cracks, as well as the uneven nature of the foundation precipitation. At the end of the article, the authors were convinced of the need to use geodetic methods to assess the geometric parameters of buildings, gave recommendations for assessing the technical condition of architectural heritage monuments, and also described measures to preserve them.
Air quality assessment model
Authors: Degtyareva Ksenia , Tynchenko Vadim , Kukartseva Svetlana
Published: October 2024

This study examines the application of machine learning methods to predict air quality in Brisbane, Australia. The main attention is paid to the creation of a model capable of predicting the concentration of PM10 suspended particles based on meteorological data. In the course of the work, a statistical analysis of the factors influencing the level of pollution was carried out, and a random forest model was developed and tested. The results showed that the model is able to explain about 69% of the variation in PM10 concentration, and also identified key meteorological parameters such as air temperature and wind speed that have the greatest impact on the concentration of pollutants. The data obtained can be used to improve the monitoring and management of air quality in cities, which in the future may contribute to reducing the harmful effects of pollution on public health.
Wastewater quality and microbiology
Authors: Lukyanova Eleonora , Golodov Maxim , Kirilenko Viktoriya
Published: October 2024

Wastewater, a complex ecosystem abundant with diverse microorganisms, plays a crucial role in effective treatment and safeguarding public health. This paper provides an overview of wastewater microbiology, examining microbial diversity, activity, factors influencing microbial communities, health implications, and emerging trends in wastewater management. Bacteria, the most abundant group, are pivotal in decomposing organic matter, removing pollutants, and preventing eutrophication. Protozoa regulate bacterial populations, while viruses present challenges due to their microscopic size. Factors such as temperature, pH, nutrients, and toxic compounds shape microbial dynamics. Untreated wastewater may harbor pathogenic microorganisms, posing health risks. Advancements in molecular techniques enable comprehensive analysis of microbial communities, while innovative approaches like microbial fuel cells and bioaugmentation show promise for sustainable wastewater management. Understanding wastewater microbiology is vital for refining treatment processes, upholding public health standards, and innovating resource management practices.
Assessment of implementation of decarbonization policy in the current economic situation at Russian enterprises
Authors: Aleshin A. A. , Karpyuk D. A. , Galkina E. E. , Kabanov A. S.
Published: October 2024

The object of the study is the activities for the development and implementation of carbon-free management at Russian enterprises. The purpose is to study the specifics of implementing the decarbonization and ¨net zero¨ policies at industrial enterprises in the current economic conditions. The goal was chosen in relation with the problems of the second and third tier countries in implementing the production decarbonization strategy associated with financial difficulties. It examined the work on the implementation of the decarbonization policy of PJSC Rosneft Oil Company. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that the carbon credits created by the company for the period of 2021-2022 in the amount of 43,249,561.66 euros cover up to 4% of the potential cross- border carbon tax for the same period. In the current situation, the problem of objectivity of monetary assessment of the contribution of companies of different countries to the fight against greenhouse gases is revealed. To combat environmental contamination, international norms, laws, and directives are formulated and enforced to manage human activities and their interactions with the environment, encompassing the methodology for extracting and utilizing natural resources.
Gamma-ray shielding parameters analysis for some polymers using Phy-X/PSD and WinXCom
Authors: Al‑Hasnawy Ruaa. S. , Kadhim Rashid O.
Published: October 2024

In this paper, the characteristics of gamma-ray attenuation of various polymers like PTFE, PMMA, POM and PA-6 were measured using the Phy-X/PSD program and the XCOM program for different sources of gamma radiation like 22Na, 55Fe, 60Co, 109Cd, 131I, 133Ba, 137Cs, 152Eu, and 241Am in the energy range (5.89*10-3 - 2.51 MeV). The linear attenuation coefficient and the effective atomic number for a particular polymer were both decreased as the energy of the photons increased. PTFE (C2F4 ) has the greatest μ and Zeff, as well as the lowest HVL,TVL and MFP, thus, PTFE (C2F4) is most effective in shielding gamma rays than other polymers under study.
Relaxation processes in nematic liquid crystals in the nonstationary regime of a rotation of magnetic field
Authors: Larionov Alexey N. , Us Nikolai A. , Mashin Valentin N. , Zakusilov Vadim P. , Mashina Angelika V.
Published: October 2024

The prospects of using the nonstationary regime of motion of the director for studying the relaxation properties of liquid crystals in the low-temperature interval of the nematic phase are shown. In the nonstationary regime, the phase shift between the direction and the wave vector is 45 and does not depend on the angular velocity of rotation of the magnetic field. A eutectic mixture of nematic liquid crystals with a wider temperature range of the nematic phase compared to individual components has been studied. A decrease in the anisotropy of the absorption coefficient in the nonstationary regime is associated with a partial violation of the homogeneous orientation of the sample. The nature of the dependence of the low-frequency component of the phase characteristic on the thermodynamic parameters of the state is established. Within the framework of the hydrodynamics of the nematic phase, relations were obtained that allow calculating the dissipative coefficients responsible for the performance of liquid crystal technical devices.
Research of the applicability of different materials for axle beams of trucks
Authors: Makarov Vladimir , Butin Danila , Sergievsky Sergey , Manianin Sergey , Belyaev Alexander , Vakhidov Umar , Molev Yuri
Published: October 2024

The paper discusses the issue of usability of different materials in production of the front axle beams of trucks with a gross weight of 6 and 15 tons. Calculation models are presented to determine load conditions for different modeling cases: a road with diagonal unevenness with different truck speeds, a turn, a rearrangement, and an overcoming a single unevenness. From the calculation results it follows that when using 45H steel for the manufacture of front axle beams of the trucks under consideration, the strength of these parts is ensured. From the comparison of the characteristics of VCh50, VCh60 and VCh70 cast irons with the level of stress in the front axle beams, we can conclude that it is possible to use VCh60 cast irons (the design stress is only slightly higher than the yield strength) and VCh70 for the manufacture of front axle beams. In this case, it is necessary to consider the possibility of changing the design of the front axle beams in order to reduce the stresses that arise in these parts when vehicles move over uneven surfaces.
Assessment of thermal characteristics of building materials made from non-commercial wood
Authors: Galaktionov Oleg , Sukhanov Yuriy , Vasilyev Aleksey , Lukashevich Victor
Published: October 2024

Currently, the forest industry of the Russian Federation is experiencing difficulties with the sale of hardwood pulpwood, which necessitates the search for new technical and technological solutions for its use. The paper describes the design of wooden bricks made from hardwood. Wooden brick is made by gluing lamellas, oriented in a certain way, together into wood panels, followed by gluing the panels together through a layer of veneer. The slats and veneer are made from hardwood. The bricks have a trapezoidal shape with tenons and mortices for ease of connection when installing wall structures. The authors made an assessment of the thermal characteristics of wall structures assembled from these bricks. The calculation was performed using the example of four cities in the European part of Russia, which differ noticeably in climatic conditions. The calculation showed that for all considered climatic conditions this material is suitable for the construction of walls of buildings and structures of a lower importance class with limited service life and the presence of people in them, where there are premises with dry or normal operating mode, ensuring the level of resource saving required by construction regulations without additional insulation. In more difficult climatic operating conditions, additional insulation of facades will be required to ensure the required level of resource saving.
Microelectronic device for control of rail line integrity in Uzbekistan
Authors: Azizov Asadulla
Published: October 2024

The paper presents the results of theoretical research on the organization of the construction of a device for monitoring the condition of rail lines on railway sections equipped with rail chains without insulated joints. The analysis of the possible reasons for the lack of rail line integrity and its possible consequences is carried out. The functional scheme of the device with the use of a microcontroller is proposed, the software of which carries out a continuous analysis of the ratio of the values of two induced electromotive forces, the results of calculations are formalized in the form of a data package and transmitted to the station. The model based on graph theory is developed and studied, the algorithm of the device operation is given.
Core-polarization effects on electron scattering in 10B, 19F and 39K nuclei
Authors: Ali Khilood H. , Jassim Khalid S.
Published: October 2024

In the study of NN interactions, calculations are performed from the longitudinal shape factor through inelastic scattering of electrons. The determination of the longitudinal shape factor in the inelastic scattering of electrons is based on the transfer momentum and angular momentum. We delve into the analysis of electron scattering shape factors as well as CP — standing for nuclear polarization — in longitudinal inelastic shell models. This is done using NuShellX, where we employ a sum potential HO to look at 10B, 39K, and 19F nuclei. Among the computations carried out include those of Single Particle Matrix Elements and Inelastic Electron Scattering Shape Factors which are then pitted against experimental data. The outcomes depict a scenario where the model space provides a full explanation on NushellX shape factor compared to nuclear polarization; this thereby implies less contribution from certain quarters towards shaping this factor. On another front, the comparison shows that results from longitudinal form factor polarization for NuShellX core find resonance with what is already available experimentally— a pointer towards reliability if not outright correctness.
As for the interaction between railway stations and places of use
Authors: Sattorov Samandar , Saidivaliev Shukhrat , Abdullaev Rustam
Published: October 2024

The main reasons limiting the application of the analytical method in industrial transport are: the impossibility of mass classification and typification of access tracks; real access tracks belong to the system of mass service; the complexity and huge labor intensity of obtaining numerical characteristics; the use of timing or statistical data does not allow to determine if the access track was operating in an optimal mode, and requires new research when conditions of both external and internal nature change; the formulas used for calculations by the analytical method are approximate. The reserves for accelerating the turnover of wagons on access tracks largely depend on the railways. Strict adherence to contractual conditions for delivering and cleaning wagons, timely information about the arrival of empty and loaded wagons, and the use of flexible forms of organizing wagon flows allow significant improvements in the use of wagons on access tracks.
Performance of Liquid Nitrogen (LN2) on Machining Pure Titanium (Grade 2): A Comparative Study
Authors: Chintalapudi Ravikiran , Burri Srinivasa Reddy , Murugesen Pradeep Kumar , M Ganesh , G Vidya
Published: October 2024

The biggest challenge for manufacturing industries is machining super alloys due to their properties. Titanium grade 2 also comes under the category of difficult cut material. In this present investigation, the green manufacturing technology was applied to cut the titanium grade 2. The comparison study was carried out between dry and cryogenic machining. The turning trails were performed using TiN-coated carbide cutting tools. Cutting force measurements surface roughness as well as the tool wear studies were carried out with the Kistler dynamometer, SURFCOM and SEM analysis. From the responses, under cryogenic cooling 32.5% of main cutting force reduction was observed when contrasted to dry condition at a cutting speed of 282 m/min. The 24 % of improved surface quality was observed under cryogenic cooling approach, more fracture on tool rake face was observed under dry condition and the favorable chip formations were also noted under cryogenic cooling approach.
Impact of Attempted Mode of Delivery on Neonatal Outcomes in Nulliparous Individuals According to Body Mass Index
Authors: Atwani Rula , Saade George , Kawakita Tetsuya
Published: October 2024

Objective This study aimed to compare neonatal and maternal outcomes based on the attempted mode of delivery, stratified by prepregnancy body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) in nulliparous individuals.

Study Design This was a repeated cross-sectional analysis of U.S. vital statistics Live Birth and Infant Death-linked data from 2011 to 2020. The analysis was restricted to nulliparas with singleton pregnancies and cephalic presentation who delivered at term. Our primary outcome was a composite neonatal outcome. We also examined a composite maternal outcome. We compared outcomes between individuals who attempted labor and those who opted for nonlabor cesarean delivery, categorized by BMI (<18.5, 18.5–24.9, 25–29.9, 30–39.9, ≥40). To account for significant differences in baseline characteristics between groups, Coarsened Exact Matching was applied using a k-to-k solution. We employed modified Poisson regression and calculated a difference-in-difference (DID) to compare differences in predicted proportions across BMI categories.

Results Out of 9,709,958 individuals, 1,083,332 were included in the matched analysis. Compared with attempted vaginal delivery, nonlabor cesarean delivery was associated with an increased risk of the composite neonatal outcome across all BMI categories. However, the increase in risk was less pronounced in higher BMI categories compared with the reference group (BMI 18.5–24.9). For maternal outcomes, nonlabor cesarean delivery was associated with an increased risk of the composite maternal outcome in the BMI 18.5–24.9 and 25–29.9 categories. In contrast, the risk of adverse maternal outcomes associated with nonlabor cesarean delivery was lower in higher BMI groups compared with the reference group, with DID values ranging from −0.12 in the BMI 30–39.9 group to −0.16 in the BMI ≥40 group.

Conclusion Nonlabor cesarean delivery, as compared with attempted vaginal delivery, was associated with adverse neonatal outcomes across all BMI categories, though the relative increase in risk was diminished in higher BMI groups.

Key Points
Future Considerations and Areas for Innovation for Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Patients
Authors: Connell John W. , Humason Scott A. , Panos Ralph J. , Burkes Robert
Published: October 2024

Pulmonary rehabilitation is an effective therapy that improves day-to-day symptoms and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this review, we look at the role of virtual programs, implementation of artificial intelligence, emerging areas of improvement within the educational components of programs, and the benefit of advanced practice providers in directorship roles.