bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Persius, Irony, and Truth
Authors: Miller Paul Allen
Published: July 2010

This article argues that Persius' claim to truth is inseparable from the stylistic complexity of his poetry. Irony becomes a method of truth-telling, not simply as a means of demystification but also as a way of pointing beyond the corruption of contemporary language. Part I of the article examines Persius' general discussion of poetic style throughout the corpus in light of Stoic conceptions of truth and the "sayable." Part II focuses on the opening of the Prologue and its relation to Satire 1.
Mutual-Help among Afar Pastoralists of Ethiopia
Authors: Hundie Bekele
Published: July 2010

Mutual-help arrangements are quite essential for rural households in developing economies but empirical evidences show different success stories. This paper discusses the existence of variability among Afar pastoralists in regards to participation in mutual-help arrangements and identifies factors contributing to those variations. The analysis is based on the data collected through a household survey constituting interviews of 180 randomly selected pastoral households and several focused group discussions. The results show that those households with better social ties are in a better position to participate in mutual-help arrangements. Moreover, mutual-help arrangements are influenced by livelihood conditions at household and community levels.
Journey to Work: Modal Split in Mabelreign Suburb of Harare
Authors: Jerie Steven
Published: July 2010

Most scholars believe that the journey to work is vital in any aspect of land-use and transport planning. Transport remains a vital component of the urban economy that enables the populace to move freely between their homes and places of work. This study examines the factors that influence modes of travel used by the commuters in the suburb of Mabelreign as a first step towards isolating the causes of transport problems in Harare. This way the needs of different socioeconomic groups can be understood. An attempt is also made in this study to use simple travel models in determining modal split. These models are adapted in the context of the study area. Questionnaire surveys and interviews are also used in establishing the modes of travel used and factors influencing the modes of travel. The survey results showed that a large split of the travellers (64.2 per cent) use private transport (cars), 9.1 per cent use buses and 24.3 per cent use commuter omnibuses. Route with a shorter travel time tend to be favoured over routes with longer travel times. In Mabelreign, 60.1 per cent own cars as compared to 67.7 per cent who use cars to work – a phenomenon explained by the increased use of lift clubs in order to reduce costs. Inconvenience factors, both from the service and vehicle comfort viewpoints have greatly influenced the decline in public transport use and these include long waiting times, transfer times and congestion on roads leading to work places. In conclusion, modal choice is influenced by the characteristics of the traveller, the characteristics of the transportation system (including costs) and behavioural factors that include human perception about particular modes of travel. Recommendations are that the city authorities of Harare need to study travel behaviour also using travel models so as to come up with a viable transportation system. More efficient travel modes such as a train shuttle service and affordable commuter buses need to be introduced in the city and these should involve as minimal transfer as possible.
Memories in/of Diaspora: Barlen Pyamootoo's Bénarès (1999)
Authors: Mehta Binita
Published: July 2010

This article explores how the descendants of Indian migrants to Mauritius in Indo-Mauritian writer Barlem Pyamootoo's novel and film Bénarès , named after the sacred city in India, not only re-inscribe the signifier Banaras as a sign of colonial conquest and ownership, but use it to remember and re-imagine their homeland in their new home.
Aimé Césaire: adagio pour la Da
Authors: Sahaï Jean S.
Published: July 2010

Quoiqu'il ait semblé ignorer les Indiens dans son œuvre poétique, l'affinité peu connue d'Aimé Césaire pour la culture tamoule nous invite à explorer la cohabitation des divers groupes que l'histoire a rapprochés aux Antilles, en considérant l'évolution des obstacles à l'émergence d'une culture créole harmonieuse, respectueuse de toutes ses composantes.
À l'Aapravasi Ghat, l'île Maurice dialogue enfin avec l'Histoire
Authors: Torabully Khal
Published: July 2010

Le texte ci-après est présenté dans un style journalistique. Il explore le lien entre l'esclavage et l'engagisme, deux paradigmes présents dans la coolitude, poétique que l'Unesco promeut lors de la prochaine conférence sur le rapprochement des cultures à Paris en mai 2010. L'auteur dit aussi sa confiance dans la possibilité de développer un dialogue entre Maurice et son Histoire, tout en négociant ces deux pages douloureuses de son identité, car cette expérience peut être adaptée à tout autre pays qui a connu l'esclavage et l'engagement.
De Calcutta à Sainte-Lucie, de Pondichéry à Pointe-à-Pitre, et jusqu'au fond de l'eau
Authors: Sahaï Jean S.
Published: July 2010

Souffrance sur l'océan, vindicte des ex-esclaves, exploitation, épuisement spirituel et rupture du lien avec l'Inde-mère furent le lot des engagés. Leur geste humble, honorable, contribua néanmoins à l'édification d'une civilisation nouvelle. Il importe maintenant que la mémoire de leur sacrifice soit saluée, aux îles, dans les maîtres-pôles, et en Inde.
Bollywood: à la conquête de la France
Authors: Guemriche Salah
Published: July 2010

C'est avec Louis Malle ( L'Inde fantôme ; Calcutta , 1968) que l'Inde pénètre la société française. Dans le même temps, les cinéastes indiens découvrent la comédie musicale de Jacques Demy, Les Demoiselles de Rochefort , qui aura une certaine influence sur la génération « pré-bollywoodienne ». Il faudra attendre 1988, avec le succès au Festival de Cannes de Salaam Bombay de Mira Naïr, puis 2002, avec Devdas de Sanjay Leela Bhansali, pour qu'un véritable engouement s'empare des écrans de France.
Indo-Mauritians: National and Postnational Identities
Authors: Ravi Srilata
Published: July 2010

Through an examination of "Indo-Mauritianness" in national and postnational narratives, this study argues that Mauritian literature in French is a discursive space where both competing and interlinking interpretations of past and present co-exist, painting different images of ethnicity, nation, and identity on this Indian Ocean island.
The Ends of Weather: Teleology in Renaissance Meteorology
Authors: Martin Craig
Published: July 2010

Renaissance natural philosophers believed that meteorological phenomena were imperfect mixtures that lacked their own essences or substantial forms. This contention, along with the lack of any significant discussion of teleology in Aristotle's Meteorology , left Renaissance natural philosophers with several options in discussions of the final causes of weather. Some, particularly Italian scholars, contended that there were no final causes for meteorological events. In contrast, Pietro Pomponazzi argued that, while meteorological phenomena were accidental, they were purposeful as part of God's ordering of the universe, even though humans are unable to understand these purposes. Many Lutheran scholars believed that these ends could be known, arguing that their purpose derived from their being divine signs of the future and God's will.
Hegel's Account of Contradiction in the Science of Logic Reconsidered
Authors: de Boer Karin
Published: July 2010

This article challenges the prevailing interpretations of Hegel's account of the concept "contradiction" in the Science of Logic by arguing that it is concerned with the principle of Hegel's method rather than with the classical law of non-contradiction. I first consider Hegel's Doctrine of Essence in view of Kant's discussion of the concepts of reflection in the first Critique . On this basis, I examine Hegel's account of the logical principles based on the concepts "identity," "opposition," and "contradiction." Finally, I point out how the principle Hegel derives from the concept of contradiction actually informs his own method.
Publishing as a Coterie Enterprise: Zhang Chao and the Making of Printed Texts in Early Qing China
Authors: Son Suyoung
Published: July 2010

This paper explores the meanings of the print medium and making a printed text in the early Qing literati community by reconstructing the production and circulation of printed texts of a literatus-publisher, Zhang Chao (1650-ca.1707). Zhang Chao’s publishing pr 1 actice demonstrates that early Qing literati publishers appropriated print not simply as a technological tool of rapid duplication of texts for wide dissemination. Instead they constituted print as a social means to evoke the conventions and privileges of the manuscript tradition, in which production and circulation of texts promoted the exclusive status and privilege of the elite community.
Genealogical Pedigree versus Godly Power: Cheng Minzheng and Lineage Politics in Mid-Ming Huizhou
Authors: Guo Qitao
Published: July 2010

This article focuses on power negotiations among prominent lineages in Huizhou prefecture during the mid Ming (1450–1550) as manifested through gentry compilation of regional genealogies and scripting of local liturgies. It enriches the current scholarship on Chinese lineage institutions and the mid-Ming rise of regional consciousness and local elite activism.
Poisoned Sites: Othello in Manchester
Authors: Reeves Stuart Hampton
Published: July 2010

This article explores the relationship between Braham Murray's 2002 production of Othello at the Royal Exchange in Manchester and civic spectacles associated with the XVIIth Commonwealth Games held in the city that summer. I explore how Othello was both a part of Manchester's post-terrorist rebirth and a dissonant voice in the city's promotion of itself as a successful and harmonious civic entity. Murray's production called into question the nature of theatrical spectacle and remembered the terrorist bomb which had destroyed the Royal Exchange in 1996. The article also looks forward to the 2012 London Olympic Games and the World Shakespeare Festival.
Monstrous!: Actors, Audiences, Inmates, and the Politics of Reading Shakespeare
Authors: Kozusko Matt
Published: July 2010

This essay considers the use of Shakespeare as marker of authenticity and as a therapeutic space for performers and audiences across a number of genres, from professional actors in training literature to prison inmates in radio and film documentaries. It argues that in the wake of recent academic trends—the critique of "Shakespeare" as an author figure; the privileging of the text as a source of multiple, potentially conflicting readings—Shakespeare's function as cultural capital has shifted sites, from "Shakespeare" to the playtexts themselves.
The Horizon of Anarchy: Anarchism and Contemporary Radical Thought
Authors: Newman Saul
Published: July 2010

This paper explores the relevance of anarchism for current debates in continental radical political philosophy. It argues that anarchism – as a form of politics which proposes the abolition of state power – is the unacknowledged referent for radical politics today, and that contemporary thinkers such as Alain Badiou, Jacques Rancière and Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, amongst others, must situate their own political thought in relation to the questions posed by anarchism. In particular, radical political thought today tends to converge around three configurations – politics beyond the state, political organisation beyond the party, and political subjectivity beyond class – thus pointing to the exhaustion of Marxism-Leninism and the need for new forms of egalitarian and libertarian forms of politics. Here, I argue that anarchism provides a more consistent way of theorising radical politics today.
Voice Lessons: Suffering and the Liberal Sensorium
Authors: Abbas Asma
Published: July 2010

This essay examines the centrality of voice and presence in liberalism’s relation to suffering, and sees this manifested in proclivities of liberal politics, ethics, and aesthetics in the face of suffering in different situations and of varying magnitudes. I argue that beyond worrying about who speaks for whom in liberal and postmodern identity politics, democratic theory must address why it demands what it does from sufferers in exchange for promises of justice understood through the dominant ideal of inclusion. In the inherited negotiations between democracy and liberalism, voice in and of itself can no longer be considered a democratic haunting or trump—and we must address the liberal sensorium that renders suffering the object of its politics by designating representational imperatives to mediate its presence in the political. Given the reach of the ideals of speech and voice, liberalism’s role in determining the nature, form and limits of this empowerment cannot be minimised. These “goods” must be vetted for how they ultimately shape the possibilities of democratic existence, engagement, and desire; and they must be interrogated for instituting and affirming a sensorium which, in desperate encounters with suffering, actually silences and dishonours it. I suggest a turn toward a materialist understanding of the political that holds suffering as subject of its method: constituted by, and not speaking for or about, those ordinary and ubiquitous experiences of suffering—even the experiences of subjection to an economy of representation and inclusion en route to liberal justice—that risk obliteration even by many well-meaning victim-centered politics.
Afro-World: African-Diaspora Thought and Practice in Montevideo, Uruguay, 1830-2000
Authors: Andrews George Reid
Published: July 2010

Were one to sit down to compile a list of the great cities of the African diaspora, Montevideo, Uruguay, would not be one of the first names to come to mind. Yet during the period of Spanish colonial rule, thousands of Africans arrived in the city, brought on slaving vessels from Africa and Brazil. By 1810, the population both of Montevideo (9,400) and the larger colony of the Banda Oriental (an estimated 30,000) was one-third black and mulatto. Two centuries later, as a result of large-scale European immigration during the 1800s and early 1900s that proportion had fallen to 6 percent, with Afro-Uruguayans numbering approximately 180,000 people in a national population of 3 million.
The Devil and the Dolorosa: History and Legend in Quito's Capilla de Cantuña
Authors: Webster Susan Verdi
Published: July 2010

One of the most popular and enduring legends in the Andean city of Quito recounts the vivid tale of a young Indian named Francisco Cantuña, the son of a powerful Inca captain, who lived and died in the sixteenth century. Maimed and horribly disfigured when the Inca general Rumiñahui burned the city of Quito, Cantuña was present when the general hid the treasure of Atahualpa before the arrival of the conquering Spaniards. In the aftermath of occupation, the young Cantuña was adopted by a benevolent Spaniard who taught him to read, write, and live a good Christian life. In return, Cantuña rewarded the Spaniard, as well as several local churches and chapels, with large sums of gold, which he secretly melted down from Atahualpa's hidden treasure. News of Cantuna's beneficence prompted all manner of speculation and suspicion among the local populace, to the extent that he was called before a tribunal to account for his mysterious wealth. In order to preserve the secret of the Inca treasure, Cantuña testified that he had acquired his riches by signing a pact with the devil. On this point, the earliest published version of the legend affirms that his testimony was a deliberate lie intended to quiet the gullible authorities, because Cantuna “was in reality a good Christian” who was very devoted to a local image of the Dolorosa (Virgin of Sorrows).
Pathways of Amino Acid Transformation and Decomposition in Saturated Subcritical Water Conditions
Authors: Abdelmoez Wael , Yoshida Hiroyuki , Nakahasi Tomomi
Published: July 2010

The reactions of amino acids under subcritical water conditions were investigated. All reactions were carried out under a pressure value corresponds to the saturated vapor pressure of water at the employed reaction temperature (hereafter called the saturated subcritical water condition). The reaction temperatures were in the range of 503-563 K. As reactants, seventeen different amino acids were investigated including, glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, serine, threonine, cysteine, proline, lysine, histidine, arginine, aspartic, and glutamic. The obtained data revealed that the major decomposition pathway were the deamination and decarboxylation. It was found that glycine, alanine, valine, and proline were synthesized as intermediate decomposition products of other amino acids. Glutamic acid is the only amino acid that decomposed through lactamization process to pyroglutamic acid. Based on the experimental data a general decomposition pathway of all tested amino acids was developed by considering that the decomposition reactions extended to produce final decomposition products, carbon monoxide, water, and ammonia.
Use of a Heat Pump to Supply Energy to the Iodine-Sulphur Thermochemical Cycle for Hydrogen Production
Authors: Dumont Yohann , Aujollet Patrick , Ferrasse Jean-Henry
Published: July 2010

The hydrogen world consumption should increase significantly to progressively replace hydrocarbons. Due to its high power density, nuclear reactor should take an important place in this production. This paper focuses on the hydrogen production by thermochemical cycle using the heat available at 900°C of a new generation nuclear reactor. The chosen thermochemical cycle for this study is the iodine-sulphur thermochemical cycle water splitting.The process flowsheet under consideration has high total energy consumption. It has also many local energy needs unevenly distributed over a wide temperature range. The raw distribution of this energy gives a hydrogen production efficiency of 14.0%. To improve this, the proposed coupling is built using an energy distribution network with a coolant to meet the safety requirements. In this simple case, the efficiency of hydrogen production comes to 21.9%. By integrating a heat pump into the energy distribution network, the efficiency of production increases to 42.0%. The exergetic efficiency, increases from 59.3% to 85.8%.
Heat Transfer between Fluidized Bed and Horizontal Bundle of Tubes in a Vertical Channel
Authors: Moawed Mohamed A , Berbish Nabil S. , Allam Ahmed A. , El-Shamy Ahmed R. , El-Shazly Karam M.
Published: July 2010

The present work aims to study the fluidization and heat transfer characteristics around a single horizontal heated tube, in-line tubes arrangement and staggered tubes arrangement immersed in a gas fluidized bed. The experiments were carried out on a square test section column (16 cm x 16 cm x 95 cm) from a steel sheet of 3 mm thickness. Each arrangement of the tubes is installed in a separate test section. The plane tube bank for both in-line and staggered tubes arrangement consists of 5 rows and four tubes per row in equal vertical and horizontal pitch arrangement. The experimental setup has a transition channel with the same square section and 30 cm height. The other side of the transition channel has one hole of 5 mm inside diameter and 30 mm long to measure the pressure before the distributor plate. The bed material used is sand particles of different sizes (1400 µm, 1600 µm, and 1850 µm). For the tested arrangements, the results show that the average heat transfer coefficient increases with the increase of the fluidizing velocity and with the decrease in particle diameter. Also, the comparison between the in-line and staggered tube arrangement showed that, the average heat transfer coefficient in case of staggered is higher than that of the in-line tube arrangement. Moreover, empirical correlations for the average Nusselt number of the tested arrangements using the experimental data are presented.
Cytochrome P450 102A2 Catalyzes Efficient Oxidation of Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate: A Molecular Tool for Remediation
Authors: Axarli Irene , Prigipaki Ariadne , Labrou Nikolaos E.
Published: July 2010

Bacterial cytochrome P450s (CYPs) constitute an important family of monooxygenase enzymes that carry out essential roles in the metabolism of endogenous compounds and foreign chemicals. In the present work we report the characterization of CYP102A2 fromB. subtiliswith a focus on its substrate specificity. CYP102A2 is more active in oxidation of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) than any other characterized CYP. The effect of SDS and NADPH concentration on reaction rate showed nonhyperbolic and hyperbolic dependence, respectively. The enzyme was found to exhibit a bell-shaped curve for plots of activity versus pH, over pH values 5.9–8.5. The rate of SDS oxidation reached the maximum value approximately at pH 7.2 and the pH transition observed controlled by two ps in the acidic and basic pH range. The results are discussed in relation to the future biotechnology applications of CYPs.
SOST and DKK: Antagonists of LRP Family Signaling as Targets for Treating Bone Disease
Authors: Mason James J. , Williams Bart O.
Published: July 2010

The study of rare human genetic disorders has often led to some of the most significant advances in biomedical research. One such example was the body of work that resulted in the identification of the Low Density Lipoprotein-Related Protein (LRP5) as a key regulator of bone mass. Point mutations were identified that encoded forms of LRP5 associated with very high bone mass (HBM). HBM patients live to a normal age and do not appear to have increased susceptibility to carcinogenesis or other disease. Thus, devising methods to mimic the molecular consequences of this mutation to treat bone diseases associated with low bone mass is a promising avenue to pursue. Two groups of agents related to putative LRP5/6 functions are under development. One group, the focus of this paper, is based on antagonizing the functions of putative inhibitors of Wnt signaling, Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), and Sclerostin (SOST). Another group of reagents under development is based on the observation that LRP5 may function to control bone mass by regulating the secretion of serotonin from the enterrochromaffin cells of the duodenum.
Improve robustness of machine learning via efficient optimization and conformal prediction
Authors: Yan Yan
Published: May 2024

The advance of machine learning (ML) systems in real‐world scenarios usually expects safe deployment in high‐stake applications (e.g., medical diagnosis) for critical decision‐making process. To this end, provable robustness of ML is usually required to measure and understand how reliable the deployed ML system is and how trustworthy their predictions can be. Many studies have been done to enhance the robustness in recent years from different angles, such as variance‐regularized robust objective functions and conformal prediction (CP) for uncertainty quantification on testing data. Although these tools provably improve the robustness of ML model, there is still an inevitable gap to integrate them into anend‐to‐enddeployment. For example, robust objectives usually require carefully designed optimization algorithms, while CP treats ML models as black boxes. This paper is a brief introduction to our recent research focusing on filling this gap. Specifically, for learning robust objectives, we designed sample‐efficient stochastic optimization algorithms that achieves the optimal (or faster compared to existing algorithms) convergence rates. Moreover, for CP‐based uncertainty quantification, we established a framework to analyze the expected prediction set size (smaller size means more efficiency) of CP methods in both standard and adversarial settings. This paper elaborates the key challenges and our exploration towards efficient algorithms with details of background methods, notions for robustness measure, concepts of algorithmic efficiency, our proposed algorithms and results. All of them further motivate our future research on risk‐aware ML that can be critical for AI–human collaborative systems. The future work mainly targets designing conformal robust objectives and their efficient optimization algorithms.
Fabrication and Characterization of Nickel‐Aluminide Cladding by Dual‐Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Samadi Navid , Jamshidi Aval Hamed
Published: May 2024

Nickel aluminide is a widely utilized intermetallic compound, prized for its high strength, low density, and resistance to both corrosion and creep. This study investigates the impact of heat input during the fabrication of nickel‐aluminide intermetallic compounds using the dual‐wire gas tungsten arc welding process. The results indicate that an increase in clad layer dilution from 28.9% to 33.4% reduces the amount of aluminum in the molten pool from 32.46 to 21.96 wt% while increasing the presence of the Ni3Al phase. Additionally, the NiAl phase decreases when moving from the upper side of the coating to the fusion line. When the arc current is increased from 110 to 150 A, a coarse dendritic structure forms, and the dendritic arms increase from 2.6 ± 0.4 to 5.5 ± 0.3 μm. This increase in current also results in yield strength and tensile strength values of 500.21 ± 14.56 and 752.32 ± 25.12 MPa, respectively, representing decreases of 15.2% and 5.1%. Furthermore, as the arc current increases from 110 to 150 A, both the friction coefficient and the wear rate increase to 0.43 and 0.29 ± 0.02 μg m−1, respectively. However, corrosion resistance improves by 66.3%.
Simulation of Mechanical Properties of Injection‐Molded Thermoplastic Foam Structures
Authors: Oikonomou Dimitri , Heim Hans‐Peter
Published: May 2024

This article presents an approach regarding the interlinking of simulation programs to determine mechanical properties of foamed polymers. The software Moldex3D is used to simulate the heterogeneous foam structure, which serves as a database for material modeling. This material modeling is performed with the software Digimat and evaluated using various modeling approaches. The material models are characterized on one side by a homogeneous structure and on the other by the simulated heterogeneous foam structure. In addition, different failure indicators are used and evaluated, which were originally developed for fiber‐reinforced materials. The simulation of the tensile test is carried out with the software Marc‐Mentat. Herein, local stresses and strains are calculated, which reach a maximum value due to the influence of the failure indicators. The results are used to show the extent to which the integration of the heterogeneous foam structure proves to be beneficial. It is additionally demonstrated that the applied failure indicators cannot be used for the prediction of maximum stress and strain simultaneously. Thus, for the time of this study, it is formulated to include both indicators to calculate the maximum stress and strain or to evaluate alternative approaches regarding failure prognosis.
Tunable High‐Temperature Tunneling Magnetoresistance in All‐van der Waals Antiferromagnet/Semiconductor/Ferromagnet Junctions
Authors: Jin Wen , Li Xinlu , Zhang Gaojie , Wu Hao , Wen Xiaokun , Yang Li , Yu Jie , Xiao Bichen , Guo Fei , Zhang Wenfeng , Zhang Jia , Chang Haixin
Published: May 2024

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are widely applied in spintronic devices for efficient spin detection through the imbalance of spin polarization at the Fermi level. The van der Waals (vdW) property of 2D magnets with atomically flat surfaces and negligible surface roughness greatly facilitates the development of MTJs, primarily in ferromagnets. Here, A‐type antiferromagnetism in 2D vdW single‐crystal (Fe0.8Co0.2)3GaTe2 is reported with TN ≈ 203 K in bulk and ≈ 185 K in 9‐nm nanosheets. The metallic nature and out‐of‐plane magnetic anisotropy make it a suitable candidate for MTJ electrodes. By constructing heterostructures based on (Fe0.8Co0.2)3GaTe2/WSe2/Fe3GaTe2, a large tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio of 180% at low temperature is obtained, with the TMR signal persisting at near‐room temperature 280 K. Furthermore, the TMR is tunable by the electric field, and the MTJ device operates stably with a low applied bias down to 1 mV (≈0.6 nA), highlighting its potential for energy‐efficient spintronic devices. This work opens up new opportunities for 2D antiferromagnetic spintronics and quantum devices.
S‐Scheme g‐C3N4/CdS Heterostructures Grafting Single Pd Atoms for Ultrafast Charge Transport and Efficient Visible‐Light‐Driven H2 Evolution
Authors: Li Rongjie , Li Huaxing , Zhang Xidong , Liu Bowen , Wu Binglan , Zhu Bicheng , Yu Jiaguo , Liu Gang , Zheng Lirong , Zeng Qingdao
Published: May 2024

Emerging step‐scheme (S‐scheme) heterostructures hold unique superiority in steering directional charge transport and reinforcing redox capacity, yet rational modification of S‐scheme heterostructures by single atoms (SAs) for efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution is rarely reported. In this work, Pd SAs‐modulated organic–inorganic g‐C3N4/CdS S‐scheme heterostructures are designed and prepared by a one‐pot mechanochemical approach allowing for g‐C3N4 nanosheets/CdS nanoparticles to confine atomically dispersed Pd co‐catalysts. The g‐C3N4/CdS S‐scheme charge‐transfer pathway is corroborated by a combination of in situ irradiated X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, and Kelvin probe force microscopy. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations, high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray absorption fine structure identify Pd‐S3 and Pd‐N2 atomic moieties underpinned by the electronic interaction between Pd SAs and g‐C3N4/CdS heterostructures, in which the d‐band center of Pd SAs is optimized for proton adsorption thermodynamically. Further, the g‐C3N4/CdS S‐scheme heterostructures alongside Pd SAs in concert boost the rapid migration of photogenerated electrons (1.05 ps) via Pd─S and Pd─N bond‐derived channels. A maximal H2 evolution rate of 85.66 mmol h−1 g−1 is achieved by 1 wt% Pd‐20 wt% g‐C3N4/CdS hierarchical composites. This work may guide the design of high‐efficiency S‐scheme‐based photocatalysts for solar‐to‐H2 conversion and beyond.
Unveiling the Potential of Halide Perovskites for Seasonally Adaptive CO2 Photoreduction under Low Light Conditions
Authors: Tailor Naveen Kumar , Singh Shreya , Saini Saurabh K. , Kaivalya  , Afroz Mohammad Adil , Kumar Mahesh , Peter Sebastian C. , Pant Kamal Kishore , Satapathi Soumitra
Published: May 2024

The viability of double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6 in low‐light environments is studied for CO2 photoreduction. It is observed that light intensity significantly influences product formation with I0.56 depending on the overall product formation rate. The photodetection measurement reveals that photocurrent as a function of incident power follows a power law ∝ I0α with α  = 0.80, which is attributed to the carrier trapping at higher light power. Furthermore, power‐dependent transient absorption spectroscopy is studied and observed that at higher fluence, carrier scattering can be dominating. Interestingly, it is found that at higher power, hot carrier relaxation dynamics are altered, and electron‐phonon coupling is enhanced, resulting in a lower carrier concentration participating in the photocatalytic reaction, which can limit charge carrier extraction and CO2 reduction. This study highlights the potential of perovskite semiconductors as promising candidates for photocatalytic reactions in low‐light conditions, broadening their applicability in real‐world scenarios.
Selective Carbon Dioxide versus Nitrous Oxide Adsorption in Cerium(IV) Bithiazole and Bipyridyl Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Pugliesi Matteo , Cavallo Margherita , Atzori Cesare , Garetto Beatrice , Borfecchia Elisa , Donà Lorenzo , Civalleri Bartolomeo , Tuci Giulia , Giambastiani Giuliano , Galli Simona , Bonino Francesca , Rossin Andrea
Published: May 2024

The two CeIV MOFs [Ce6O4(OH)4(TzTz)6] (Ce_TzTz) and [Ce6O4(OH)4(TzTz)4(PyPy)2] (Ce_TzTz_PyPy; H2TzTz = [2,2′‐bithiazole]‐5,5′‐dicarboxylic acid, H2PyPy = 2,2′‐bipyridine‐5,5′‐dicarboxylic acid) are prepared starting from a pre‐formed [Ce6] glycinate‐capped cluster. N2 isotherms collected at 77 K revealed BET specific surface areas of 1136 and 238 m2 g−1, respectively. Their CO2 and N2O adsorption capacity is assessed at T = 273 and 298 K and p = 1 bar. Ce_TzTz shows the highest gas uptake (7.9 and 9.7 wt% at 298 K and 11.5 and 12.5 wt% at 273 K for CO2 and N2O, respectively). More interestingly, this homo‐linker MOF possesses a higher capacity, thermodynamic affinity [(Qst)CO2 = 18.2 kJ mol−1 vs (Qst)N2O = 25.4 kJ mol−1] and selectivity (IAST SN2O/CO2 = 1.6 at T = 273 K) toward N2O than the mixed‐linker sample. At variance, Ce_TzTz_PyPy shows a slightly higher capacity, thermodinamic affinity [(Qst)CO2 = 29.5 kJ mol−1 vs (Qst)N2O = 26.4 kJ mol−1] and selectivity (IAST SCO2/N2O = 1.4 at T = 298 K) toward CO2. DFT optimizations carried out on the [N2O@Ce_TzTz] and [CO2@Ce_TzTz_PyPy] systems revealed that the primary adsorption sites are the cerium ions of the [Ce6] metallic node for N2O and the thiazole N‐atoms on the TzTz linker for CO2, respectively.
Aged‐Precursor‐Assisted Growth of Ferrimagnetic 2D Cr9Se13 with Anomalous Elasticity
Authors: Li Shengnan , Tan Junyang , Sun Yujie , Liu Jiarong , Nong Huiyu , He Liqiong , Zhang Yunhao , Wang Jingwei , Liu Bilu
Published: May 2024

2D magnetic materials with distinct mechanical properties are of great importance for flexible spintronics. However, synthesizing 2D magnets with atomic thickness is challenging and their mechanical properties remain largely unexplored. Here, the growth of a ferrimagnetic 2D Cr9Se13 with anomalous elasticity is reported by an aged‐precursor‐assisted method. The obtained 2D Cr9Se13 exhibits an out‐of‐plane ferrimagnetic order with a coercivity larger than those of conventional magnetic materials. Noteworthy, it presents decent breaking strength and a Young's modulus of 52 ± 8 GPa that is among the smallest of the 2D family. This exceptional elasticity is attributed to the unique internal voids in Cr9Se13, as evidenced by the formed edge dislocations under strain. This work not only offers a facile method to synthesize 2D magnets but also develops avenues for obtaining 2D materials with desired mechanical properties, paving the way for future flexible spintronics.
Constructing Robust Interfacial Chemical Bond Enhanced Charge Transfer in S‐Scheme 3D/2D Heterojunction for CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Feng Yilin , Gong Xiu , Fan Shuhan , Jiang Zhuojun , Yang Jingliang , Qu Yunpeng , Chen Yanli , Peng Qiong , Ding Junfei , Shen Hui , Qi Xiaosi , Wang Mingkui
Published: May 2024

A stable ZnTe@Cs3Sb2I9 catalyst with 3D/2D‐hollow‐composite structure is constructed for CO2 photocatalytic reduction via the in situ growth of Cs3Sb2I9 nanosheets on hollow ZnTe microspheres using lattice matching. The formed Tellurium‐Antimony (Te─Sb) bonds improved the poor contact at the heterojunction interface, effectively promoted charge separation, and successfully suppressed photocorrosion. The unique core‐shell structure not only strengthens light absorption but also improves CO2 adsorption capacity. Consequently, the S‐scheme heterojunction with the synergistic effect of chemical bonds and 3D/2D‐hollow‐composite structure significantly enhances photocatalytic performance. The ZnTe@Cs3Sb2I9 photocatalyst offers a CO selectivity of 90.5%, which is higher than that of pure ZnTe (22.9%) and Cs3Sb2I9 (56.9%). This structure holds great promise for practical applications in CO2 photocatalytic reduction.
Auto‐Pressurized Multi‐Stage Tesla‐Valve Type Microreactors in Carbon Monoliths Obtained Through 3D Printing: Impact of Design on Fluid Dynamics and Catalytic Activity
Authors: Parra‐Marfil Adriana , Aguilar‐Madera Carlos Gilberto , Pérez‐Cadenas Agustín Francisco , Carrasco‐Marín Francisco , Gutiérrez‐Reina Saúl Omar , Bueno‐López Agustín , Ocampo‐Pérez Raúl , Bailón‐García Esther
Published: May 2024

The present research exploits an innovative methodology for producing auto‐pressurized carbon microreactors with a precise and controlled structure analyzing the influence of their design on the fluid dynamics and their catalytic performance. Carbon monoliths with Tesla‐valve shape channels (Tesla, T, and modified Tesla, Tm) are synthesized through the combination of 3D printing and sol–gel process and further probed as Ni/CeO2 supports on CO2 methanation. The experimental results and mathematical modeling corroborated the improved performance obtained through the complex design compared to a conventional one. In addition to chaotic fluid flow induced by the deviation in flow direction, which improves the reagents‐active phase interaction, local pressure increases due to convergence of flows may enhance the Sabatier reaction according to Le Châtelier's principle. Conversely to straight channels, T and Tm are not affected by flow rate and presented chemical control. Tesla‐valve with curved angle (Tm) improved the mass transfer, achieving higher conversion and ≈30% reaction rate increase regarding right angle (T). Thus, this auto‐pressurized multi‐stage Tesla‐valve monolith opens the gate to design specific and advanced functional materials for multitude chemical reactions where not only the reactant‐active phase contact can be maximized but also the reaction conditions can be controlled to maximize the reaction kinetics.
Advanced IGZO Phototransistor Arrays: Enhancing Visible Light Detection Through Selectively Electrohydrodynamic Jet‐Printed Photocatalytic Layer Formation
Authors: An Jong Bin , Kang Byung Ha , Jung Sujin , Moon Kunho , Chung Jusung , Hong Seok Min , Park Kyungho , Ahn Jong Hyuk , Kim Hyun Jae
Published: May 2024

Exploring new horizons in phototransistors with an emphasis on mass customization is essential. Herein, a method for enhancing the performance of indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (IGZO) phototransistors by incorporating a selectively formed tungsten trioxide (WO3) photocatalytic layer, utilizing electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet‐printing is proposed. This approach aims to achieve significant manufacturing advantages and enhance functionality. An oxidizing solution of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) doped with hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) is introduced to selectively oxidize tungsten (W) electrodes. In this mixture, H2O2 is responsible for the selective oxidation of W, whereas HEC contributes to the viscosity regulation and the formation of subgap states. The resulting selectively oxidized photocatalytic layer significantly expands its visible light absorption capacity to red light. Therefore, the optimized device, particularly under red light (635 nm) 5 mW mm−2, shows a remarkable enhancement in its optoelectronic characteristic: photoresponsivity increases from 29.71 to 124.54 A W−1, photosensitivity from 1.99 × 10‐1 to 1.79 × 104, and detectivity from 1.31 × 107 to 1.98 × 108 Jones compared to IGZO phototransistors without selectively oxidized photocatalytic layer. This advancement not only enhances the visible light detection capacity but also minimizes the persistent photoconductance issue inherent in IGZO devices. The demonstration of 6 × 6 phototransistor array illustrates the potential for image sensor applications, showcasing the practicality of mass customization.
Facile Nanowelding Process for Silver Nanowire Electrodes Toward High‐Performance Large‐Area Flexible Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Du Mengyang , Yang Zhuo , Miao Yanqin , Wang Chao , Dong Peng , Wang Hua , Guo Kunping
Published: May 2024

Despite considerable interest, uniform and robust flexible transparent conducting electrodes (FTCEs) that can be seamlessly integrated and used for highly efficient large‐area flexible oganic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) remain elusive. In this study, a large‐area fabrication of uniform transparent electrodes for high‐performance flexible OLEDs by exploiting the rapid nanowelding process of silver nanowires (AgNWs) onto polyethylene terephthalate substrate under Xe‐lamp irradiation and mechanical pressing treatment is reported. The performance of AgNWs FTCEs is significantly enhanced by applying the Xe‐lamp beam irradiation for 5 s and subsequent compression at 20 MPa for 15 s, achieving a low sheet resistance of 26.5 Ω sq−1, a high transmittance of 95.2% (at 550 nm), and very smooth surfaces with root‐mean‐square of 5.4 nm. Meanwhile, the nanowelded AgNWs FTCEs maintain excellent electrical conductivity (only a 2.96% increase in ΔR/R0) after 1000 bending cycles. The resulting AgNWs FTCEs‐based green phosphorescent OLED achieves an unprecedented external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 23.7% and a current efficiency as high as 81.5 cd A−1. Benefiting from the uniform properties for resulting AgNWs FTCEs, the fabricated flexible OLED with a large area of 25 × 25 mm2 still retains a high EQE of 22.2% and a current efficiency of 78.0 cd A−1.
Ultra‐High Energy Density in Cyanoethyl Biomass Polymers
Authors: Yu Xiang , Li Lin , Gao Jincheng , Liu Yuquan , Yuan Ze , Yao Minghai , Liu Yang , Zhou Huamin
Published: May 2024

Dielectric polymers are essential to capacitive capacitors widely used in modern electronic and electrical systems. Most useful dielectric polymers are derived from petroleum while environmentally sustainable dielectric biomass remains mostly unexplored although they are abundant, renewable, and cost‐effective. Here an ultrahigh energy density in cyanoethyl cellulose (CEC) and cyanoethyl pullulan (CEP) obtained by replacing the hydroxyl groups of cellulose and pullulan with cyanoethyl is reported. Large dielectric constants of 16.7 and 20.0 in CEC and CEP due to the strong polarity of cyanoethyl which are comparable to high‐dielectric ferroelectric polymers are shown. CEC and CEP show nearly no degradation of the dielectric constant with increasing electric fields, inhabiting the early polarization saturation and thus leading to improved energy density, which is different from relaxor ferroelectric polymers. Consequently, solution‐processable CEP films exhibit an ultrahigh discharged energy density of 28.2 J cm−3 with an efficiency of 72% at 600 MV m−1, outperforming other all‐organic dielectric biomass materials. The work paves the way for the development of high‐performance dielectric biomass for energy storage applications.
A Self‐Powered Dual Ratchet Angle Sensing System for Digital Twins and Smart Healthcare
Authors: Liu Chao , Gu Rui , Yang Jiahong , Luo Lin , Chen Mingxia , Xiong Yao , Huo Ziwei , Liu Yang , Zhang Keteng , Gong Jie , Wei Liang , Lei Yanqiang , Wang Zhong Lin , Sun Qijun
Published: May 2024

In the swiftly progressing landscape of wearable electronics and the Internet of Things (IoTs), there is a burgeoning demand for devices that are lightweight, cost‐effective, and self‐powered. In this study, a self‐powered bidirectional knee joint motion monitoring system is introduced, leveraging a dual ratchet sensing (DRS) system fabricated using 3D printing technology. This approach offers substantial economic and portability benefits. The DRS system is engineered to harness the negative work generated from knee joint movements to power commercial electronic devices, obviating the need for additional metabolic energy from the human body. By synergizing the DRS with virtual reality technology, it becomes feasible to monitor knee joint movements in real‐time with remarkable accuracy, presenting a novel avenue for the integration of digital twin technology. Through the amalgamation of convolutional neural network machine learning algorithms with Bayesian optimization techniques, the DRS system can discern up to 97% of knee joint movements, paving the way for innovative applications in smart rehabilitation and healthcare.
Versatile Biomass‐Based Injectable Photothermal Hydrogel for Integrated Regenerative Wound Healing and Skin Bioelectronics
Authors: Dang Xugang , Fu Yuntao , Wang Xuechuan
Published: May 2024

The continuously growing utilization of wound healing materials and skin bioelectronics urges the development of flexible hydrogels for personal therapy and health management. Versatile conductive hydrogels prepared from natural biomass are ideal candidates as one of the promising solutions for chronic wound management. Here, the study proposes a kind of robust (strain: 1560.8%), adhesive, self‐healing, injectable, antibacterial (sterilization rate: 99%), near‐infrared (NIR) photothermal responsive, biocompatible, and conductive hydrogel (CPPFe@TA) composed of carboxymethyl cellulose and tannic acid/iron ion complex (TA@Fe3+), featuring rapid self‐assembly and tunable crosslinking time. TA@Fe3+ facilitated the self‐catalysis of the polymerization reaction, and the crosslinking time could be controlled by adjusting Fe3+ concentration. Under NIR irradiation, the hydrogel exhibited remarkable photothermal antibacterial performance. In the full‐thickness skin defect repair experiment on mice, the prepared hydrogel dressing significantly enhanced wound healing. After 14 days, the wound healing rate (95.49%) of CPPFe@TA3 hydrogel + NIR treatment greatly exceeded that of commercial dressings. Meanwhile, the hydrogels has good electrical conductivity and thermo‐responsiveness, making them promising for skin bioelectronics in physiological signal monitoring and rehabilitation exercise management. This work therefore offers a promising strategy for developing versatile biomass‐based hydrogels, which is expected to be applicable to integrated regenerative wound healing and skin bioelectronics.
A Human‐Scale Clinically Ready Electromagnetic Navigation System for Magnetically Responsive Biomaterials and Medical Devices
Authors: Gervasoni Simone , Pedrini Norman , Rifai Tarik , Fischer Cedric , Landers Fabian C. , Mattmann Michael , Dreyfus Roland , Viviani Silvia , Veciana Andrea , Masina Enea , Aktas Buse , Puigmartí‐Luis Josep , Chautems Christophe , Pané Salvador , Boehler Quentin , Gruber Philipp , Nelson Bradley J.
Published: May 2024

Magnetic navigation systems are used to precisely manipulate magnetically responsive materials enabling the realization of new minimally invasive procedures using magnetic medical devices. Their widespread applicability has been constrained by high infrastructure demands and costs. The study reports on a portable electromagnetic navigation system, the Navion, which is capable of generating a large magnetic field over a large workspace. The system is easy to install in hospital operating rooms and transportable through health care facilities, aiding in the widespread adoption of magnetically responsive medical devices. First, the design and implementation approach for the system are introduced and its performance is characterized. Next, in vitro navigation of different microrobot structures is demonstrated using magnetic field gradients and rotating magnetic fields. Spherical permanent magnets, electroplated cylindrical microrobots, microparticle swarms, and magnetic composite bacteria‐inspired helical structures are investigated. The navigation of magnetic catheters is also demonstrated in two challenging endovascular tasks: 1) an angiography procedure and 2) deep navigation within the circle of Willis. Catheter navigation is demonstrated in a porcine model in vivo to perform an angiography under magnetic guidance.