bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Методический подход к прогнозированию и оценке обстановки для поддержки принятия решений по организации гражданской обороны в условиях диверсионно-террористического воздействия
Authors: Bordak Sergey S.
Published: February 2021

Цель. Провести анализ места и роли гражданской обороны с учетом особенностей вооруженной борьбы в современных условиях. Предложить методический подход к оценке и прогнозированию диверсионно-террористического воздействия на объекты экономики, жизнеобеспечения и инфраструктуры.

Методы. В качестве теоретической базы использовались известные методы формальной логики, теории исследования операций, теории организации, оперативно-тактических расчетов, историко-аналитический метод, общенаучные (индукции, дедукции, анализа и синтеза) и специальные методы исследования, в том числе специально разработанные автором методики для решения рассматриваемой задачи.

Результаты. Проведен анализ особенностей современного вооруженного противоборства, места и роли гражданской обороны в обеспечении военной безопасности. Предложен методический подход к оценке и прогнозированию диверсионно-террористического воздействия на объекты экономики, жизнеобеспечения и инфраструктуры. Определены перспективные направления дальнейших исследований в области организации гражданской обороны.

Область применения исследований. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в исследованиях, связанных с организацией гражданской обороны, в практической деятельности для проведения расчетов, необходимых для поддержки принятия решения начальником ГО района (города) на проведение аварийно-спасательных и других неотложных работ, а также при разработке инженерно-технических мероприятий гражданской обороны и мероприятий по предупреждению чрезвычайных ситуаций в проектной документации.
Atividade leishmanicida de Aspidosperma nitidum Benth. Ex Müll. Arg
Authors: Veiga Andreza do Socorro Silva da , Silveira Fernando Tobias , Marinho Andrey Moacir do Rosario , Trindade Rafaela Cabral dos Santos da , Campos Marliane Batista , Dolabela Maria Fani
Published: February 2021

O tratamento medicamentoso da leishmaniose pode acarretar várias reações adversas e já foram encontrados isolados de Leishmania resistentes a terapêutica. Neste cenário, torna-se imprescindível a busca de alternativas terapêuticas e alcaloides, isolados de plantas pertencentes ao gênero Aspidosperma, têm se mostrado promissores como antiparasitário. O presente estudo avaliou a atividade antipromastigota, amastigota e citotoxicidade do extrato e frações pertencentes a A. nitidum. O extrato etanólico das cascas (EE) foi obtido por maceração e submetido a partição ácido:base, sendo obtidas as frações FN e FA. Além disso, o EE foi submetido ao fracionamento sob refluxo, obtendo-se as frações FrHEX, FrDCL, FrAcOEt e FrMeOH. A atividade antipromastigota em L. amazonensis e citotoxicidade para macrófagos foram avaliadas através do ensaio de viabilidade (MTT). Após a invasão dos macrófagos pelo parasito, realizou-se o tratamento com diferentes concentrações das amostras por 72 h, seguida de fixação e coloração das amostras e leitura em microscópio óptico. Somente a FrDCL mostrou-se moderadamente ativa contra promastigota (CI50= 105,7±1,12 µg/mL). No entanto, o EE (CI50= 23,87 ±0,87 µg/mL) e FA (CI50= 18,5 ±0,94 µg/mL) mostraram-se ativos contra amastigota, enquanto que na FrDCL (CI50= 204,5 ± 0,71 µg/mL) e FrHEX (CI50= 143,0 ±0,82 µg/mL) observou-se atividade moderada. Quando se relaciona a citotoxicidade das amostras a atividade antiamastigota, observa-se que o EE (CC50= 491,8 + 1,86 µg/mL; IS= 21) parece ser mais promissor que a FA (CC50= 209,1 + 1,7 µg/mL; IS=11). Em síntese, a A. nitidum mostrou-se promissora como leishmanicida.
EFEKTIFITAS PENGGUNAAN PROGRAM FESTO FLUIDSIM DALAM PRAKTIKUM PNEUMATIKA DAN HIDROLIKA (mahasiswa teknik mesin universitas hasyim asy`ari)
Authors: Ramadani Ali Hasbi
Published: February 2021

Jurusan teknik mesin universitas hasyim asy`ari merupakan prodi yang baru berdiri pada tahun 2013, yang dalam hal ini berimplikasi terhadap keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana khususnya dalam hal praktikum. sehingga para dosen harus memiliki inovasi dan berusaha sekuat tenaga agar kompetensi masasiwa harus tercapai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar peningkatan hasil belajar matakuliah pneumatika & hidrolika mahasiswa jurusan teknik mesin universitas hasyim asy`ari dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran program festo Fluidsim. Penelitian ini menggunakan PTK (Penelitian Tindakan Kelas) menggunakan media pembelajaran program Festo Fluidsim pada matakuliah Pneumatika dan hidolika dalam dua siklus. Subjek penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa jurusan teknik mesin universitas hasyim asy`ari smester V yang berjumlah 9 mahasiswa yang semuanya laki-laki. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, nilai rata-rata hasil belajar mahasiswa mengalami peningkatan dari 71.1 pada siklus I menjadi 80.6 pada siklus II dimana nilai rata-rata kemampuan mahasiswa sebelum dilakukan tindakan yaitu 56,6 . Jika dilihat secara kriteria ketuntasan klasikal pada awal sebelum dilakukan tindakan ketuntasan belajar mahasiswa adalah 11.6%, namun setelah dilakukan tidakan pada siklus I ketuntasannya 55.6% kemudian pada siklus II ketuntasannya meningkat mencapai 88.9%. Dengan kata lain penggunaan program festo Fluidsim dalam matakuliah pneumatika dan hidrolika sangat efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar mahasiswa. Kata kunci : Pneumatik & hidrolik, Festo Fluidsim, Hasil Belajar, Mahasiswa
Penyusunan Target Penjualan dengan Menggunakan Metode Autoregresive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) Box Jenkins
Authors: Sumarsono -
Published: February 2021

AbstrakKondisi pasar menjadi semakin kompetitif agar dapat eksis di tengah persaingan pasar tanpa kecuali harus meningkatkan strategi bisnis yang tepat dengan menyusun rencana strategi perencanaan dan pengembangan khususnya yang yang terkait dengan pasar. Departemen Marketing khususnya bagian penjualan memiliki peran yang penting sebagai ujung tombak perusahaan dalam bersaing di pasar. Salah satu perencanaan penjualan yang utama adalah membuat target penjualan. Diharapkan target penjualan merupakan angka yang realistis dengan kondisi pasar sekarang dan tentunya tetap mempertimbangkan aspek pertumbuhan di tahun target berdasarkan tahun sebelumnya.Metode yang digunakan dalam penyusunan target penjualan menggunakan metode Autorgresive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) Box Jenkins. Hasil dari analisa didapatkan prediksi penjualan selama 52 minggu kedepan. Dan mempertimbangkan faktor pertumbuhan tahunan 20% didapatkan nilai target penjualan 52 minggu ke depan. Dengan nilai target penjualan yang terukur maka nilai target penjualan menjadi realistis dan pencapaian target penjualan akan bisa terealisasi lebih baik. Selanjutnya pihak marketing dapat menyusun strategi pencapaian target dengan lebih jelas dan terarah dengan mempertimbangkan kondisi daya beli masyarakat, tingkat persaingan merek pada tahun prediksi dan kesiapan tim serta beban biaya.Kata Kunci: Pasar, Target Penjualan, Marketing, ARIMA Box JenkinsAbstractMarket conditions are becoming increasingly competitive in order to exist in the midst of market competition without exception must improve the right business strategy by developing a strategy plan of planning and development, especially those related to the market. Marketing Department, especially the sales department has an important role as the spearhead of the company in competing in the market. One of the major sales plans is to make sales targets. It is expected that the sales target is a realistic figure with the current market condition and certainly still consider the growth aspect in the target year based on the previous year.The method used in the preparation of sales targets using the method Autorgresive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) Box Jenkins. The results of the analysis obtained sales predictions for 52 weeks ahead. And considering the annual growth factor of 20% obtained value of sales target 52 weeks ahead. With the measured sales target value, the sales target value becomes realistic and the achievement of the sales target will be better realized. Furthermore, the marketing can develop a strategy of achieving the target with more clearly and directed by considering the condition of people's purchasing power, the level of brand competition in the year of prediction and team readiness and cost expenses.Keywords: Market, Sales Target, Marketing, ARIMA Box Jenkins
PERANCANGAN SISTEM PENGGERAK TRAINER TRANSMISI MANUAL 5 PERCEPATAN TOYOTA KIJANG
Authors: Mohammad Munib Rosadi  , Retno Eka Pramitasari  , Ali Hasbi Ramadani
Published: February 2021

The need for learning media in the Machine Element II course makes the transmission trainer to be immediately presented in order to become a means of supporting student learning. In a transmission trainer system a driving mechanism is needed so that the transmission can rotate. The drive mechanism must be reliable to ensure the transmission can rotate without constraints. Therefore, it is necessary to design and calculate in designing the transmission driving mechanism. The purpose of this study was to determine the design and calculation of the transmission trainer drive system. The design results show that the required motor specs are motors with 250 watts of power, driven pulley diameter 50 mm, driven pulley diameter 250 mm, distance between pulley axes is 335 mm. use v-belt type A with a length of 1175 mm. this drive system mechanism will produce a final torque of 393.01 kg.mm which is considered good because it is higher than the planned torque that is 325,85 kg.mm.
KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS DAN DISTRIUSI FITOPLANKTON SECARA VERTIKAL DI PERAIRAN PULAU BOKORI
Authors: Padang Reny W.A Lolo , Nurgayah Wa , Irawati Nur
Published: February 2021

Fitoplankton organisme yang berperan sebagai produsen primer di perairan laut, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung mendukung kehidupan organisme laut. Komposisi maupun kelimpahan fitoplankton sangat berpengaruh terhadap keberadaan sumber daya hayati laut lainnya di perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman jenis dan distribusi fitoplankton secara vertikal di perairan Pulau Bokori. Pengambilan sampel fitoplankton dilakukan selama 6 minggu dengan interval waktu pengambilan sampel dua minggu sekali dari bulan Desember 2018 sampai Januari 2019. Variable utama dalam penelitian ini adalah keanekaragaman dan distribusi fitoplankton, sedangkan variable pendukung adalah parameter fisika dan kimia yang diukur langsung dari tempat penelitian dan laboratorium. Sampel fitoplankton disaring menggunakan jarring plankton ukuran 25 µm. pengambilan sampel dengan metode purposive sampling, yaitu pada masing-masing stasiun terbagi dalam 3 variasi kedalaman yaitu 0,5, 5 dan 10 meter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komposisi jenis fitoplankton yang ditemukan di Perairan Pulau Bokori berjumlah 4 kelas yaitu terdiri dari kelas Bacillariophycea (11 genera), kelas Dinophyceae (4 genera), kelas Cyanophyceae dan Coscinodiscophyceae masing-masing terdiri dari 1 genus. Kelimpahan fitoplankton berkisar 185-1601 ind/L. kelimpahan fitoplankton didominasi kelas Bacillariophyceae (Chetoceros sp). Kelimpahan tertinggi fitoplankton terdapat pada stasiun III kedalaman 0,5 meter. Sedangkan kelimpahan terendah fitoplankton stasiun II pada kedalaman 5 meter. Keanekaragaman fitoplankton pada perairan Pulau Bokori termasuk rendah dan pola distribusi fitoplankton di perairan Pulau Bokori yaitu mengelompok.Kata Kunci : fitoplankton, kedalaman berbeda, Pulau Bokori
DISTRIBUSI LOGAM BERAT MANGAN (Mn) PADA AIR LAUT PERMUKAAN DI PERAIRAN TELUK STARING SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Indra . , Armid Alrum , Takwir Amadhan
Published: February 2021

Logam berat Mangan (Mn) termasuk logam esensial yang bersumber dari peristiwa pengikisan (erosi) Mn masuk kedalam lingkungan perairan akibat dari aktivitas manusia seperti buang limbah industri, pelayaran, pertanian dan buangan limbah rumah tangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi sebaran spasial logam berat Mn di Perairan Teluk Staring. Jenis penelitian yang di lakukan adalah pengambilan sampel air laut di permukaan Teluk Staring sebanyak 12 Stasiun dengan metode Purposive Random Sampling. Larutan sampel dianalisis dengan Spektrofometri Serapan Atom (SSA). Analisis sebaran spasial menggunakan metode interpolasi IDW pada ArcGIS. Dari hasil pengukuran menunjukan kisaran kosentrasi kadar logam Mn di 12 Stasiun sebesar 0,1153 dan 0,4077 ppm. Nilai rata-rata logam Mn adalah antara 0, 2463 ppm. Kadar logam Mn yang tertinggi terdapat pada Stasiun 3 dan 4. Hasil analisis spasial dari 12 Stasiun menunjukan bahwa pada semua stasiun pengamatan telah  terkontaminasi oleh logam berat Mn, dengan konsentrasi melewati standar baku mutu yang telah ditentukan oleh ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, Water Quality Standard 1972. Dalam hal ini Teluk Staring telah tercemar oleh logam berat Mn. Sedangkan variabel lingkungan (Suhu,Salinitas dan pH) terhadap konsentrasi Logam Berat Mn tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan.Kata kunci: Logam Berat Mangan (Mn), Distribusi Spasial, Teluk Staring
STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS KIMA (TRIDACNIDAE) DI PERAIRAN DESA BUTON, KABUPATEN MOROWALI
Authors: Arfianty Nur Rahmy , Ira . , Afu La Ode Alirman
Published: February 2021

Kima merupakan salah satu anggota bivalvia yang umum ditemukan pada daerah terumbu karang. Kima termasuk biota yang dilindungi karena tingkat eksploitasi yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman jenis dan struktur komunitas kima di Perairan Desa Buton, Kabupaten Morowali. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan maret 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode belt transek dengan luas pengamatan 400 m2. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada 2 stasiun, dengan 3 kali pengulangan di setiap stasiun. Pengambilan data kualitas air dilakukan pada setiap stasiun pengamatan. Kima yang ditemukan ada 5 jenis yaitu Tridacna crocea, T. derasa, T. maxima, T. squamosa dan Hippopus hippopus. Kepadatan tertinggi stasiun I didaerah terumbu karang (0,4 ind/m²) dan kepadatan terendah stasiun II didaerah berpasir dengan campuran pecahan karang  (0,3 ind/m²). Indeks keanekaragaman stasiun I termasuk dalam kategori sedang (1,47) dan stasiun II termasuk dalam kategori rendah (0,7). Indeks dominansi stasiun I (0,25) dan stasiun II (0,28) termasuk dalam  kategori rendah. Indeks keseragaman stasiun I (0,92) termasuk dalam kategori besar dan stasiun II (0,26) termasuk dalam kategori sedang.Kata kunci: Kima, Struktur Komunitas, Desa Buton, Morowali
PEMETAAN SEBARAN DAN TUTUPAN LAMUN MENGGUNAKAN CITRA SATELIT LANDSAT 8 DAN SENTINEL 2A DI PERAIRAN DESA TANJUNG TIRAM KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN
Authors: Indriana . , Haya La Ode Muhammad Yasir , Takwir Amadhan
Published: February 2021

Studi tentang lamun telah dilakukan di perairan Desa Tanjung Tiram. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan sebaran, tutupan, dan habitat lamun menggunakan citra LANDSAT 8 OLI dan Sentinel 2A. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah perbandingan klasifikasi dua citra yang dikombinasikan dengan data lapangan. Citra yang digunakan telah dikoreksi menggunakan algoritma Depth Invariant Index (DII) untuk menghilangkan efek kedalaman. Sedangkan data lapangan diperoleh melalui metode transek kuadrat ukuran 1x1 meter persegi. Setiap transek diambil titik koordinatnya dan diamati jenis lamun serta persen tutupan lamun. Hasil analisis data lapangan menunjukkan bahwa Enhalus acoroides hanya ditemukan di Stasiun I. Sedangkan di Stasiun II dan Stasiun III ditemukan tiga jenis lamun dengan jumlah yang berbeda, yaitu Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, dan Halophila minor. Terdapat tiga kategori kepadatan lamun dari hasil klasifikasi citra, yaitu; lamun jarang, lamun sedang, dan lamun padat. Analisis Citra Landsat 8 OLI menunjukkan bahwa area kepadatan lamun di Perairan Desa Tanjung Tiram terdiri kategori lamun jarang seluas 8.58 Ha (13%), lamun sedang seluas 34.21 Ha  (17%), dan lamun padat seluas 6.48 Ha (69%) dengan total area sebesar 49.28 Ha. Sedangkan citra satelit Sentinel 2A sedikit berbeda dengan Landsat 8 OLI, Area tutupan lamun dengan kategori lamun jarang seluas 9.59 Ha (18%), selanjutnya lamun sedang sebesar 33.40 Ha (64%), dan lamun padat sebesar 9.54 Ha (18%) dengan total area 52.53 Ha. Tingkat akurasi klasifikasi pada citra satelit yang digunakan masing-masing sebesar 60.28% (Landsat 8 OLI) dan 73.04% (Sentinel 2A). Secara umum, tutupan lamun di lokasi penelitian dapat dinyatakan baik dan perlu dijaga kelestariannya.Kata kunci: Lamun, Citra LANDSAT 8 OLI, Sentinel 2A, Desa Tanjung Tiram.
KARAKTERISTIK HABITAT, KEPADATAN DAN KOMPOSISI JENIS BIVALVIA DI ZONA INTERTIDAL PERAIRAN DESA WAWATU KECAMATAN MORAMO UTARA KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN
Authors: Desmari Tti , Ramli Muhammad , Pratikino A. Ginong
Published: February 2021

Zona Intertidal merupakan wilayah peralihan antara ekosistem laut dan ekosistem daratan (terestrial). Bivalvia merupakan salah satu kelompok organisme invertebrata yang banyak ditemukan dan  hidup di daerah intertidal. Penelitian ini berujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik habitat bivalvia, kepadatan dan komposisi jenis Bivalvia serta hubungan kepadatan dan komposisi jenis Bivalvia terhadap parameter perairan di Perairan Desa Wawatu Kecamatan Moramo Utara Kabupaten Konawe Selatan.  Pengambilan data dilakukan pada Bulan Juni - Desember 2019 di Perairan Desa Wawatu, Kecamatan Moramo Utara.  Metode pengambilan data bivalvi menggunakan metode Transek Kuadrat. Karakteristik substrat pasir dan lempung berpasir.  Kepadatan bivalvia berkisar 2,8-4,3 ind/m2.  Kepadatan tertinggi bivalvi ditemukan  daerah substrat lempung berpasir yang berasosiasi dengan padang lamun.  Terdapat 7 jenis bivalvia yang ditemukan  pada lokasi pengamatan.  Komposisi jenis tertinggi bivalvia pada Tachycardium subrugosum dan Anadara granosa, sedangkan komposisi jenis terendah  Pinna Muricata.  Kepadatan jenis bivalvia memiliki hubungan korelasi positif yang sangat kuat dengan pH, BO dan  kedalaman. Kata kunci:  Bivalvia,  Kepadatan, Komposisi Jenis, Intertidal, Wawatu
Men's Choice of Contraception Method
Authors: ÖZCAN Handan , YİĞİTBAŞ Çağla , KARACA Mücahit Talha
Published: February 2021

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the contraception choices of men, aged between 18-60 and living in the center of a province in the Gümüşhane.
Methods: The study is of a descriptive type. As a data collection form, an Individual Information Form consisting of a total of 32 questions was used. This form questions the demographic-physical-biological-social-health histories of the participants and their knowledge, attitudes, behaviors about contraception methods. Averages were given together with standard deviations.
Results: 20.8 % of the participants are aged between 26-33. It was seen that 25.3% of the participants had knowledge about contraception methods and 64.7% did not use any methods. When the variables of the age and the marital status are approached in terms of having sufficient knowledge about contraception and still using contraception methods, there is a statistical significance between the variable of 'is the use of contraception methods harmful to health?' with the status of still using contraception methods. A statistical significance is also found between the variable of being sexually active with the status of having sufficient knowledge about contraception and still using contraception methods (p>0.05).
Conclusion: In this study, It has been determined that men who had sufficient information about contraceptions had higher age and higher education levels, were sexually active and married. It has been seen that the age, the marital status, the perception of contraception as harmful to health, the status of being sexually active did not affect receiving any training about contraception.
Aircraft Requirements for Sustainable Regional Aviation
Authors: Eisenhut Dominik , Moebs Nicolas , Windels Evert , Bergmann Dominique , Geiß Ingmar , Reis Ricardo , Strohmayer Andreas
Published: February 2021

Recently, the new Green Deal policy initiative was presented by the European Union. The EU aims to achieve a sustainable future and be the first climate-neutral continent by 2050. It targets all of the continent’s industries, meaning aviation must contribute to these changes as well. By employing a systems engineering approach, this high-level task can be split into different levels to get from the vision to the relevant system or product itself. Part of this iterative process involves the aircraft requirements, which make the goals more achievable on the system level and allow validation of whether the designed systems fulfill these requirements. Within this work, the top-level aircraft requirements (TLARs) for a hybrid-electric regional aircraft for up to 50 passengers are presented. Apart from performance requirements, other requirements, like environmental ones, are also included. To check whether these requirements are fulfilled, different reference missions were defined which challenge various extremes within the requirements. Furthermore, figures of merit are established, providing a way of validating and comparing different aircraft designs. The modular structure of these aircraft designs ensures the possibility of evaluating different architectures and adapting these figures if necessary. Moreover, different criteria can be accounted for, or their calculation methods or weighting can be changed.
Genetic Diversity of Barley Foliar Fungal Pathogens
Authors: Çelik Oğuz Arzu , Karakaya Aziz
Published: February 2021

Powdery mildew, net blotch, scald, spot blotch, barley stripe, and leaf rust are important foliar fungal pathogens of barley. Fungal leaf pathogens negatively affect the yield and quality in barley plant. Virulence changes, which can occur in various ways, may render resistant plants to susceptible ones. Factors such as mutation, population size and random genetic drift, gene and genotype flow, reproduction and mating systems, selection imposed by major gene resistance, and quantitative resistance can affect the genetic diversity of the pathogenic fungi. The use of fungicide or disease-resistant barley genotypes is an effective method of disease control. However, the evolutionary potential of pathogens poses a risk to overcome resistance genes in the plant and to neutralize fungicide applications. Factors affecting the genetic diversity of the pathogen fungus may lead to the emergence of more virulent new pathotypes in the population. Understanding the factors affecting pathogen evolution, monitoring pathogen biology, and genetic diversity will help to develop effective control strategies.
Clinicopathological and Genomic Characterization of a Simmental Calf with Generalized Bovine Juvenile Angiomatosis
Authors: Jacinto Joana G. P. , Häfliger Irene M. , Borel Nicole , Zanolari Patrik , Drögemüller Cord , Veiga Inês M. B.
Published: February 2021

Bovine juvenile angiomatosis (BJA) comprises a group of single or multiple proliferative vascular anomalies in the skin and viscera of affected calves. The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinicopathological phenotype of a 1.5-month-old Simmental calf with multiple cutaneous, subcutaneous, and visceral vascular hamartomas, which were compatible with a generalized form of BJA, and to identify genetic cause for this phenotype by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The calf was referred to the clinics as a result of its failure to thrive and the presence of multiple cutaneous and subcutaneous nodules, some of which bled abundantly following spontaneous rupture. Gross pathology revealed similar lesions at the inner thoracic wall, diaphragm, mediastinum, pericardium, inner abdominal wall, and mesentery. Histologically, variably sized cavities lined by a single layer of plump cells and supported by a loose stroma with occasional acute hemorrhage were observed. Determined by immunochemistry, the plump cells lining the cavities displayed a strong cytoplasmic signal for PECAM-1, von Willebrand factor, and vimentin. WGS revealed six private protein-changing variants affecting different genes present in the calf and absent in more than 4500 control genomes. Assuming a spontaneous de novo mutation event, one of the identified variants found in the PREX1, UBE3B, PCDHGA2, and ZSWIM6 genes may represent a possible candidate pathogenic variant for this rare form of vascular malformation.
Antibiotic Resistance in Shiga Toxigenic Escherichia coli Isolates from Surface Waters and Sediments in a Mixed Use Urban Agricultural Landscape
Authors: Ma Yvonne , Chen Jessica , Fong Karen , Nadya Stephanie , Allen Kevin , Laing Chad , Ziebell Kim , Topp Ed , Carroll Laura M. , Wiedmann Martin , Delaquis Pascal , Wang Siyun
Published: February 2021

Antibiotic resistance (AR) phenotypes and acquired resistance determinants (ARDs) detected by in silico analysis of genome sequences were examined in 55 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolates representing diverse serotypes recovered from surfaces waters and sediments in a mixed use urban/agricultural landscape in British Columbia, Canada. The isolates displayed decreased susceptibility to florfenicol (65.5%), chloramphenicol (7.3%), tetracycline (52.7%), ampicillin (49.1%), streptomycin (34.5%), kanamycin (20.0%), gentamycin (10.9%), amikacin (1.8%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (21.8%), ceftiofur (18.2%), ceftriaxone (3.6%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (12.7%), and cefoxitin (3.6%). All surface water and sediment isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, ertapenem, imipenem and meropenem. Eight isolates (14.6%) were multidrug resistant. ARDs conferring resistance to phenicols (floR), trimethoprim (dfrA), sulfonamides (sul1/2), tetracyclines (tetA/B), and aminoglycosides (aadA and aph) were detected. Additionally, narrow-spectrum β-lactamase blaTEM-1b and extended-spectrum AmpC β-lactamase (cephalosporinase) blaCMY-2 were detected in the genomes, as were replicons from plasmid incompatibility groups IncFII, IncB/O/K/Z, IncQ1, IncX1, IncY and Col156. A comparison with surveillance data revealed that AR phenotypes and ARDs were comparable to those reported in generic E. coli from food animals. Aquatic environments in the region are potential reservoirs for the maintenance and transmission of antibiotic resistant STEC, associated ARDs and their plasmids.
Shear Wave Velocity Estimation Using the Real-Time Curve Tracing Method in Ultrasound Elastography
Authors: Li Yu , Lv Qian , Dai Jiayue , Tian Ye , Guo Jianzhong
Published: February 2021

The estimation of shear wave velocity is very important in ultrasonic shear wave elasticity imaging (SWEI). Since the stability and accuracy of ultrasonic testing equipment have been greatly improved, in order to further improve the accuracy of shear wave velocity estimation and increase the quality of shear wave elasticity maps, we propose a novel real-time curve tracing (RTCT) technique to accurately reconstruct the motion trace of shear wave fronts. Based on the curve fitting of each frame shear wave, the propagation velocity of two-dimensional shear waves can be estimated. In this paper, shear wave velocity estimation and shear wave image reconstruction are implemented for homogeneous regions and stiff spherical inclusion regions with different elasticity, respectively. The experimental result shows that the proposed shear wave velocity estimation method based on the real-time curve tracing method has advantages in accuracy and anti-noise performance. Moreover, by eliminating artifacts of shear wave videos, the velocity map acquired can restore the shape of inclusions better. The real-time curve tracing method can provide a new idea for the estimation of shear wave velocity and elastic parameters.
A Digital Framework to Predict the Sunshine Requirements of Landscape Plants
Authors: Wei Heyi , Jiang Wenhua , Liu Xuejun , Huang Bo
Published: February 2021

Knowledge of the sunshine requirements of landscape plants is important information for the adaptive selection and configuration of plants for urban greening, and is also a basic attribute of plant databases. In the existing studies, the light compensation point (LCP) and light saturation point (LSP) have been commonly used to indicate the shade tolerance for a specific plant; however, these values are difficult to adopt in practice because the landscape architect does not always know what range of solar radiation is the best for maintaining plant health, i.e., normal growth and reproduction. In this paper, to bridge the gap, we present a novel digital framework to predict the sunshine requirements of landscape plants. First, the research introduces the proposed framework, which is composed of a black-box model, solar radiation simulation, and a health standard system for plants. Then, the data fitting between solar radiation and plant growth response is used to obtain the value of solar radiation at different health levels. Finally, we adopt the LI-6400XT Portable Photosynthetic System (Li-Cor Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA) to verify the stability and accuracy of the digital framework through 15 landscape plant species of a residential area in the city of Wuhan, China, and also compared and analyzed the results of other researchers on the same plant species. The results show that the digital framework can robustly obtain the values of the healthy, sub-healthy, and unhealthy levels for the 15 landscape plant species. The purpose of this study is to provide an efficient forecasting tool for large-scale surveys of plant sunshine requirements. The proposed framework will be beneficial for the adaptive selection and configuration of urban plants and will facilitate the construction of landscape plant databases in future studies.
Notch Fracture in Polymeric Specimens under Compressive Stresses: The Role of the Equivalent Material Concept in Estimating the Critical Stress of Polymers
Authors: Torabi Ali Reza , Hamidi Kazem , Rahimi Abdol Saleh , Cicero Sergio
Published: February 2021

In this paper, the fracture of notched polymeric specimens under compressive stresses was investigated both experimentally and theoretically. In the experimental section, to determine the load-carrying capacity (LCC) of U-notched specimens made of general-purpose polystyrene (GPPS) and polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) polymers, tests were performed on notched square samples under compression, i.e., negative mode I loading. In the observation of the nonlinear behavior of the two polymers in the standard compressive tests, for the first time, the equivalent material concept (EMC) was used under compressive loading to theoretically estimate the critical stresses of the two polymers, which were shown to be significantly different from the ultimate strengths obtained from the standard compression tests. By linking the EMC to the maximum tangential stress (MTS) and mean stress (MS) criteria, the LCC of the notched specimens was predicted. The outcomes are twofold: First, MTS, MS, EMC–MTS, and EMC–MS criteria provide accurate predictions of the experimental critical loads observed in the U-notched polymeric specimens; second, the combination of the EMC with the MTS and MS criteria, allow such predictions to be obtained without any need for experimental calibration.
The Design and Preclinical Evaluation of a Single-Label Bimodal Nanobody Tracer for Image-Guided Surgery
Authors: Debie Pieterjan , Declerck Noemi B. , van Willigen Danny , Huygen Celine M. , De Sloovere Bieke , Mateusiak Lukasz , Bridoux Jessica , Puttemans Janik , Devoogdt Nick , van Leeuwen Fijs W. B. , Hernot Sophie
Published: February 2021

Intraoperative guidance using targeted fluorescent tracers can potentially provide surgeons with real-time feedback on the presence of tumor tissue in resection margins. To overcome the limited depth penetration of fluorescent light, combining fluorescence with SPECT/CT imaging and/or gamma-ray tracing has been proposed. Here, we describe the design and preclinical validation of a novel bimodal nanobody-tracer, labeled using a “multifunctional single attachment point” (MSAP) label, integrating a Cy5 fluorophore and a diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) chelator into a single structure. After conjugation of the bimodal MSAP to primary amines of the anti-HER2 nanobody 2Rs15d and 111In-labeling of DTPA, the tracer’s characteristics were evaluated in vitro. Subsequently, its biodistribution and tumor targeting were assessed by SPECT/CT and fluorescence imaging over 24 h. Finally, the tracer’s ability to identify small, disseminated tumor lesions was investigated in mice bearing HER2-overexpressing SKOV3.IP1 peritoneal lesions. [111In]In-MSAP.2Rs15d retained its affinity following conjugation and remained stable for 24 h. In vivo SPECT/CT and fluorescence images showed specific uptake in HER2-overexpressing tumors with low background. High tumor-to-muscle ratios were obtained at 1h p.i. and remained 19-fold on SPECT/CT and 3-fold on fluorescence images over 24 h. In the intraperitoneally disseminated model, the tracer allowed detection of larger lesions via nuclear imaging, while fluorescence enabled accurate removal of submillimeter lesions. Bimodal nuclear/fluorescent nanobody-tracers can thus be conveniently designed by conjugation of a single-molecule MSAP-reagent carrying a fluorophore and chelator for radioactive labeling. Such tracers hold promise for clinical applications.
Inclusion Complexes of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs with Cyclodextrins: A Systematic Review
Authors: Miranda Gustavo Marinho , Santos Vitória Ohana Ramos e , Bessa Jonatas Reis , Teles Yanna C. F. , Yahouédéhou Setondji Cocou Modeste Alexandre , Goncalves Marilda Souza , Ribeiro-Filho Jaime
Published: February 2021

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most widely used classes of medicines in the treatment of inflammation, fever, and pain. However, evidence has demonstrated that these drugs can induce significant toxicity. In the search for innovative strategies to overcome NSAID-related problems, the incorporation of drugs into cyclodextrins (CDs) has demonstrated promising results. This study aims to review the impact of cyclodextrin incorporation on the biopharmaceutical and pharmacological properties of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. A systematic search for papers published between 2010 and 2020 was carried out using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol and the following search terms: “Complexation”; AND “Cyclodextrin”; AND “non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug”. A total of 24 different NSAIDs, 12 types of CDs, and 60 distinct inclusion complexes were identified, with meloxicam and β-CD appearing in most studies. The results of the present review suggest that CDs are drug delivery systems capable of improving the pharmacological and biopharmaceutical properties of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Spontaneous Resolution of Late-Onset, Symptomatic Fluid Collection Localized in the Meningioma Resection Cavity: A Case Report and Suggestion of Possible Pathogenesis
Authors: Kim Yeong Jin , Jung Tae-Young , Kim In-Young , Jung Shin , Moon Kyung-Sub
Published: February 2021

Postoperative complications after brain tumor surgery occur occasionally and it is important for clinicians to know how to properly manage each complication. Here, we described a rare case of late-onset, subdural fluid collection localized at the resection cavity that caused motor weakness after convexity meningioma resection, requiring differentiation from an abscess, to help clinicians determine treatment strategies. A 58-year-old right-handed female was admitted to the hospital with a headache and posterior neck pain. Brain computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance (MR) images showed a homogeneously enhanced, calcified, and multi-lobulated mass adjacent to the right motor strip without perilesional edema. The patient underwent surgery without incident or residual deficit and was discharged from the hospital in good condition. Six weeks after surgery, the patient complained of left arm monoparesis without infection-related symptoms. Brain imaging studies showed a localized fluid collection in the resection cavity with an enhanced margin and perilesional edema. Diffusion restriction was not detected. After three months of conservative treatment without surgery or antibiotics, she recovered from the neurologic deficits, and brain imaging studies showed the spontaneous regression of the fluid collection and perilesional edema. Late-onset, localized fluid collection at the resection cavity, which is similar to an abscess, could occur three to eight weeks after meningioma resection. When there are predisposing factors, including blood components and hemostatic materials in the surgical cavity, it is important for clinicians to understand this type of complication and choose conservative management as a feasible strategy.
The Public Role for the Effectiveness of the Territorial Enhancement Initiatives: A Case Study on the Redevelopment of a Building in Disuse in an Italian Small Town
Authors: Morano Pierluigi , Tajani Francesco , Di Liddo Felicia , Amoruso Paola
Published: February 2021

The present research is focalized on public-private partnership (PPP) procedures as a driving force of urban sustainable development. The paper intends to point out the relevant role played by the public administrations in the implementation of these mechanisms aimed at degraded urban area renovation, public property assets enhancement, or ex novo realization. In this sense, in the existing reference literature, the private investor tasks and risks have been often explored, neglecting the significant public entities position. The efficiency in the use of the PPP is verified through the discounted cash-flow analysis (DCFA) implementation: the assessment of the costs and the revenues derived from the project allows the private investor to verify the financial feasibility of the initiative. In the context outlined, the public administration could contribute to the success of the intervention through a periodic fee paid to the private investor in order to ensure the financial convenience of the project. In the present research, a functional reconversion operation related to a building located in the small town of Cesano Romano (Italy) and carried out through the PPP operational tool, has been illustrated. In the analysis, a public monetary amount has been considered and determined, able (i) to guarantee the financial sustainability for the private investor and (ii) to comply with the regulatory constraints in the Italian context. Finally, a scenario analysis has been developed to identify the situation/s in which public participation is necessary for the convenience of the initiative and to quantify this monetary amount.
Oxidative Stress in the Tumor Microenvironment and Its Relevance to Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Aboelella Nada S. , Brandle Caitlin , Kim Timothy , Ding Zhi-Chun , Zhou Gang
Published: February 2021

It has been well-established that cancer cells are under constant oxidative stress, as reflected by elevated basal level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), due to increased metabolism driven by aberrant cell growth. Cancer cells can adapt to maintain redox homeostasis through a variety of mechanisms. The prevalent perception about ROS is that they are one of the key drivers promoting tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Based on this notion, numerous antioxidants that aim to mitigate tumor oxidative stress have been tested for cancer prevention or treatment, although the effectiveness of this strategy has yet to be established. In recent years, it has been increasingly appreciated that ROS have a complex, multifaceted role in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and that tumor redox can be targeted to amplify oxidative stress inside the tumor to cause tumor destruction. Accumulating evidence indicates that cancer immunotherapies can alter tumor redox to intensify tumor oxidative stress, resulting in ROS-dependent tumor rejection. Herein we review the recent progresses regarding the impact of ROS on cancer cells and various immune cells in the TME, and discuss the emerging ROS-modulating strategies that can be used in combination with cancer immunotherapies to achieve enhanced antitumor effects.
Observed and Projected Changes in Temperature and Precipitation in the Core Crop Region of the Humid Pampa, Argentina
Authors: Müller Gabriela V. , Lovino Miguel A. , Sgroi Leandro C.
Published: February 2021

The core crop region of the Humid Pampa is one of the most productive agricultural lands around the world and depends highly on climate conditions. This study assesses climate variability, climate extremes, and observed and projected climate changes there, using 1911–2019 observations and CMIP5 model simulations. Since 1970, the annual mean temperature has risen by 1 °C and the mean annual minimum and maximum temperatures by 2 and 0.5 °C, respectively. The frequency of warm days and nights increased, and cold days and nights decreased. Heatwaves became longer and more intense, and cold waves decreased with less frost events. Annual precipitation increased by 10% from 1911, mainly in summer, and years with excess precipitation outnumbered those with a deficit. Both intense precipitation events and consecutive dry days grew, suggesting more annual precipitation falling on fewer days. Projections show a warming of 1 °C by 2035, regardless of the scenario. From then on until 2100, mean temperature will increase by 2 and 3–3.5 °C in the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively. Annual precipitation will grow 8 and 16% from current values by 2100 in the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively. No major precipitation changes are projected in the RCP2.6 scenario.
Prognostic Value of C-Reactive Protein-to-Albumin Ratio in Head and Neck Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Luan Chih-Wei , Yang Hsin-Yi , Tsai Yao-Te , Hsieh Meng-Chiao , Chou Hsin-Hsu , Chen Kuo-Su
Published: February 2021

The C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio is a proven prognostic predictor of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, the role of the C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio in other head and neck cancers remains unclear. This meta-analysis explored the prognostic value of the C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio in head and neck cancers. A systematic search was conducted. Outcomes of interest included overall survival, disease-free survival, and distant metastasis–free survival. The hazard ratio with 95% confidence interval was pooled using a random-effects model. A total of 11 publications from the literature were included, allowing for the analysis of 7080 participants. Data pooling demonstrated that pretreatment C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio had a hazard ratio of 1.88 (95% CI: 1.49−2.37, p < 0.001) for predicting overall survival, 1.91 (95% CI: 1.18−3.08, p = 0.002) for disease-free survival, and 1.46 (95% CI: 1.08−1.96, p = 0.001) for distant metastasis–free survival. Subgroup analysis showed that the C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio is a significant prognostic marker for various head and neck cancers. An elevated pretreatment C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio predicts a worse prognosis for patients with head and neck cancers. Therefore, the C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio could serve as a potential prognostic biomarker facilitating treatment stratification.
Unfavorable Changes of Platelet Reactivity on Clopidogrel Therapy Assessed by Impedance Aggregometry Affect a Larger Volume of Acute Ischemic Lesions in Stroke
Authors: Wiśniewski Adam , Sikora Joanna , Karczmarska-Wódzka Aleksandra , Sobczak Przemysław , Lemanowicz Adam , Zawada Elżbieta , Masiliūnas Rytis , Jatužis Dalius
Published: February 2021

Background: High on-treatment platelet reactivity or its equivalent—resistance to the antiplatelet agent—significantly reduces the efficacy of the therapy, contributing to a negative impact on stroke course. Previous studies demonstrated that aspirin resistance is associated with a larger size of acute ischemic infarct. Due to the increasing use of clopidogrel in the secondary prevention of stroke, we aimed to assess the impact of clopidogrel resistance on the size and extent of ischemic lesions, both acute and chronic. Methods: This prospective, single-center and observational study involved 74 ischemic stroke subjects, treated with 75 mg of clopidogrel. We used impedance aggregometry to determine platelet reactivity 6–12 h after a dose of clopidogrel as a first assessment and 48 h later as the second measurement. A favorable dynamics of platelet reactivity over time was the decrease in the minimum value equal to the median in the entire study. The volume of acute ischemic infarct was estimated within 48 h after onset in diffusion-weighted imaging and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences of magnetic resonance and the severity of chronic vascular lesions by Fazekas scale. Results: Subjects with mild severity of chronic vascular lesions (Fazekas 1) exhibited a significant decrease of platelet reactivity over time (p = 0.035). Dynamics of platelet reactivity over time differed between subjects with large, moderate, mild and insignificant size of acute ischemic lesion (Kruskall-Wallis H = 3.2576; p = 0.048). In multivariate regression models, we reported unfavorable dynamics of platelet reactivity alone and combined with a high initial value of platelet reactivity as independent predictors of higher risk of a significant ischemic infarct volume (OR 7.16 95%CI 1.69–30.31, p = 0.008 and 26.49 95%CI 1.88–372.4, p = 0.015, respectively). Conclusions: We emphasized that unfavorable dynamics of platelet reactivity over time during clopidogrel therapy in acute phase of stroke affect the volume of acute infarct and the severity of chronic vascular lesions.
Image Encryption Scheme with Compressed Sensing Based on a New Six-Dimensional Non-Degenerate Discrete Hyperchaotic System and Plaintext-Related Scrambling
Authors: Sun Chunyang , Wang Erfu , Zhao Bing
Published: February 2021

Digital images can be large in size and contain sensitive information that needs protection. Compression using compressed sensing performs well, but the measurement matrix directly affects the signal compression and reconstruction performance. The good cryptographic characteristics of chaotic systems mean that using one to construct the measurement matrix has obvious advantages. However, existing low-dimensional chaotic systems have low complexity and generate sequences with poor randomness. Hence, a new six-dimensional non-degenerate discrete hyperchaotic system with six positive Lyapunov exponents is proposed in this paper. Using this chaotic system to design the measurement matrix can improve the performance of image compression and reconstruction. Because image encryption using compressed sensing cannot resist known- and chosen-plaintext attacks, the chaotic system proposed in this paper is introduced into the compressed sensing encryption framework. A scrambling algorithm and two-way diffusion algorithm for the plaintext are used to encrypt the measured value matrix. The security of the encryption system is further improved by generating the SHA-256 value of the original image to calculate the initial conditions of the chaotic map. A simulation and performance analysis shows that the proposed image compression-encryption scheme has high compression and reconstruction performance and the ability to resist known- and chosen-plaintext attacks.