bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To determine the relation of mean platelet volume with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Milind Jivanlal Manvar  , Rajesh Sukumar Roy  , Viralkumar Mohanbhai Jadav  , Amalkumar Bankimchandra Bhattacharya
Published: September 2022

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder portrayed by chronic hyperglycemia bringing about intricacies influencing the peripheral nerves, kidneys, eyes, and macrovascular structures. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is also considered to impact the advancement of microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus which has been looked for in this study.
Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were as follows: (1) To study association of MPV with Nephropathy and Retinopathy in Diabetes. (2) To Study correlation of MPV with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), fasting blood sugar, post-prandial blood sugar, and body mass index (BMI).
Materials and Methods: This was an observational study conducted over 18 months period on patients (both males and females) seeking medical attention for newly diagnosed or previously diagnosed DM. Selective sampling technique was used and 200 diabetic patients were enrolled in the study during the study period.
Results: (1) The incidence of retinopathy and increased Hba1c was significantly higher in poorly controlled diabetics as compared to controlled diabetics. (2) In good glycemic control group, mean MPV was 8.58 fL and, in poor glycemic control group, mean MPV was 10.21 fL.
Conclusion: There was a positive correlation between MPV and HbA1C, microalbuminuria, BMI, fasting, and post-prandial blood sugar levels. There was no significant association between MPV and retinopathy.
Study of metabolic syndrome in patients of Vitiligo: A single-center observational study
Authors: Gourh Vishal , Anita Arya  , Anand Dubey  , Simmi Dube
Published: September 2022

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been observed in patients with vitiligo. Literature suggests that there is some link between vitiligo and MetS. Autoimmunity, oxidative stress, and decreased number of melanocytes are involved in its pathogenesis.
Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to assess MetS in patients of vitiligo, its association with different types of vitiligo, age of patients, and duration of vitiligo.
Materials and Methods: We enrolled 62 vitiligo patients who met inclusion criteria in this cross-sectional study from August 1, 2020 to July 31, 2021. Detailed history, physical examination, and blood investigations were done in all patients and NCEP ATP III criteria were used for diagnosis of MetS.
Results: Mean age of participants was 35.98±15.48 years; M: F: was 1:2.3. MetS was observed in 12.9% vitiligo patients. Advancing age and non-segmental vitiligo were significantly associated with MetS (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Vitiligo is a condition which may affect individual at any age and carries risk of developing MetS in the future. In our study, MetS is observed in 12.9% patients with vitiligo. Early identification of MetS and appropriate management of such patients may help in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Further prospective studies required to establish relation between vitiligo and MetS.
Comparative study between conventional hemorrhoidectomy and electrothermal bipolar vessel sealer for Grade IV hemorrhoids
Authors: Chaudhary Devendra , Vijay Kumar Tekam  , Sourabh Mishra  , Singh Priyanka
Published: September 2022

Background: Hemorrhoids are vascular formations in the anal canal that is also known as piles. They serve as a cushioning of anterior venous channels and connective tissue in its natural condition, which aids in stool management. During defecating, internal hemorrhoids are frequently accompanied by painless, bright crimson rectal discharge. External hemorrhoids can cause discomfort and edema in the anus region.
Aims and Objectives: The objectives of this study are to “compare between electrothermal bipolar vessel sealer hemorrhoidectomy versus conventional hemorrhoidectomy in patient of Grade IV hemorrhoids.
Materials and Methods: The present study conducted in patients admitted in Gandhi medical college associated Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal carried out in the Department of General Surgery from April 2015 to September 2017. A total of 80 patients were included in the study with comparison between conventional hemorrhoidectomy (n=36) and electrothermal bipolar vessel sealer (ETBVS) (n=44) and comparison of recurrence of complications in them.
Results: The mean surgical time was much shorter in ETBVS, as was post-operative pain, which was primarily reduced on the third and 4th post-operative days: discomfort also vanished quicker in ETBVS than in conventional procedure. ETBVS patients had less time off work, a shorter hospital stay, and a reduced risk of total problems. When compared to conventional procedures, the average length of operation in ETBVS was also much shorter (P<0.0001).
Conclusion: When a considerable amount of tissue needs to be removed, ETBVS hemorrhoidectomy is a good option. This research confirms its usage as a first-line therapy for Grade IV hemorrhoids.
To compare COVID-19 disease in elderly (young old and elderly-old) in a tertiary care center
Authors: Ravi Krishnegowda  , Avinash Hanbe Rajanna  , Bhargav V Bhat  , Yamini Marimuthu
Published: September 2022

Background: SARS‐Cov‐2 is a coronavirus that caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) disease outbreak in late 2019 in Wuhan China. By early 2020, the disease had rapidly spread across the world and was declared a global pandemic as a public health emergency of international concern. The mechanisms behind the behavior of SARS-cov-2 in the elderly include immunosenescence and related impaired antiviral immunity, mature immunity, and related hyper-inflammatory responses. We aim to summarize the clinical features and outcomes of elderly COVID-19 patients and compare the difference between young-old patients (60–74 years old) and elderly-old patients (≥75 years old).
Aims and Objective: (1) The aim of the study was to compare the clinical and biochemical profile of young-old patients and elderly-old COVID-19 patients.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 389 patients, during the study period from March 2021 to September 2021. Case record form with follow-up chart was used to record the duration of disease, history of treatment, and complications. Patients underwent biochemical investigations.
Results: The study includes 389 patients, 331 were not young-old and 58 were elderly-old. Mean age of young-old group 65.01±4.10 years and elderly-old group 80.74±5.35 years. Mortality in elderly-old group (29.3%) and young-old group (15.4%) with significant P=0.02. Comparing inflammatory markers such as total leucocyte count and neutrophil count are more in elderly-old than young-old COVID-19 patients, this difference is statistically significant P<0.005.
Conclusion: Elderly patients usually have chronic comorbidities and are likely to have a severe or critically severe condition. They could show atypical symptoms. Elderly-old patients tend to have more complications than young-old patients during hospitalization. Careful nursing, observation, and systemic treatment are very important in elderly patients.
Myocarditis associated with malarial fever: An unusual presentation
Authors: Anoop Kumar  , Prachi Garg  , Jai Prakash  , Gaurav Arya  , Kirti Berwal  , Ekal Arora
Published: September 2022

Malaria is endemic in India and complicated malaria is usually caused by Plasmodium (P) falciparum, but Plasmodium vivax can also cause life-threatening conditions in some cases. We report one such case of 47 years male presenting with myocarditis associated with P. vivax malaria.
Family planning knowledge, attitude, and practice among postnatal women in a Medical College Hospital
Authors: Nayak Ajit  Kumar , Jain Manju Kumari
Published: September 2022

Background: Family planning methods prevent pregnancy-related health risks for women.
Aims and Objectives: This study was undertaken to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice of various family planning methods among postnatal women in a Medical College Hospital.
Materials and Methods: A standard predesigned questionnaire was asked to randomly selected 300 postnatal women who delivered at F.M. Medical College and Hospital, Balasore, Odisha, India over a period of 1 year. Data on sociodemographic variables, knowledge regarding various family planning methods, source of information, utilization, and reason for its none use were analyzed.
Results: Majority were between the age group of 20–30 years (81%). About 91% were aware of its use. About 82% were aware of its need. About 75% of the women gave history of prior use of birth spacing methods. Withdrawal, oral contraceptive pills (OCP) and barrier were mostly used methods in the past (i.e., 31%, 19%, and 9%, respectively). Child spacing was most common reason for use of family planning methods. Majority were aware of OCPs (79%) followed by sterilization (72%), barrier methods (71%), intrauterine contraceptive device (53%), withdrawal (31%), and injectable (23%). Social circle (54%) and health-care provider (35%) were major source of knowledge. Man reason for non-utilization of family planning methods was desire of child (42%), fear of side effects (17%), and husband and in-law opposition (16%).
Conclusion: In spite of high contraceptive knowledge and awareness, the actual use of modern family planning method is not satisfactory in our study which suggests proper counseling and education are required to increase its usage.
The case series of spontaneous hemoperitoneum in third trimester pregnancy
Authors: Akriti Gupta  , Uttara Gupta  , Anand Gupta
Published: September 2022

Spontaneous hemoperitoneum in pregnancy (SHiP) is unprovoked intraperitonealbleeding. It is a rare entity but a life-threatening complication as it is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. It is a surgical emergency and requireslaparotomy to identify the cause. Complication of pregnancy and spontaneous hemoperitoneum wasincluded in the study, and cases involving pregnancy termination and ectopic pregnancy were excluded from the study.Maternal demographics, description of spontaneous hemoperitoneum, and specifics diagnosis and management were recorded. Data were extracted and entered in reporting forms. Median values were calculated for continuous variables, and percentages were calculated for categorical variables. The authors reported three cases of SHiP were seen. The gestational age of the patient included in the studywas36 weeks, 38 weeks, and 34+6 weeks, respectively. In the first 2 cases, clinical picture was pointing toward maternal hypovolemia while in 1st case ultrasound s/o fetal demise and in the 2nd case, there was fetal distress. In the 3rd mentioned case, fetal distress was observed on the examination, and hemoperitoneum was the incidental finding which was due to endometriosis.The cause of SHiPis rupture of posterior wall of the uterus, rupture of utero-ovarian vessels, and endometriosis.
Effectiveness of 6 weeks vestibular exercises practice on depression, anxiety, stress, and memory in hypertensive working women
Authors: Paramasivam Velu  , Bhanu Prakash Gangupalli  , Neelkanth Kote  , Sai Sailesh Kumar Goothy  , Joseph Kurien Mukkadan
Published: September 2022

Background: There is a raise in the psychological problems globally. Depression, anxiety, and stress are the negative psychological emotions that have to be diagnosed and managed at earlier stages. Vestibular stimulation was known to manage the negative psychological emotions.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to observe the effectiveness of selective vestibular exercises on depression, anxiety, stress, and memory in hypertensive working women.
Materials and Methods: A total of 20 working women with untreated pre-hypertension to Stage I hypertension and 20 healthy age-matched controls (working women), after obtaining written and informed consent.
Results: There was a significant improvement in the depression, anxiety, and stress scores followed by the practice of vestibular exercise. Spatial memory was significantly improved followed by practice of vestibular exercise for 6 weeks. Although there was an improvement in the verbal memory, but it was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: The study results present significant improvement in the depression, anxiety, and stress scores and significant improvement in spatial memory followed by the vestibular exercises for 6 weeks. The study recommends further detailed study with higher sample size to recommend vestibular exercise in the management of negative emotions and to improve memory.
Peripheral nerve sheath tumors – case series in tertiary health care center in the central India
Authors: Sarika More  , Madhubala Swarnakar  , Rajendra Kumar Chandrakar  , Sujata Singh
Published: September 2022

Peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNST) are one of the most common neoplasms, with classical morphology and histopathological features, but they can be diagnostically challenging at times. Albeit well defined subtypes of PNST have been described in literature, but controversies regarding reporting and typing of these tumors persists. Malignant PNSTs represent a diagnostically challenging group. Although the diagnosis and classification of most PNST are relatively straightforward, borderline grey zone neoplasms continue to be a diagnostic difficulty. In our case series, we attempt in providing some useful information for the oncopathologist to help navigate these persistent and challenging problems. In the present study, we found 26 cases of PNST, out of which the most common was schwannoma (n=18), followed by neurofibroma (n=7) and one case of malignant type, that is, malignant PNST. The cases involving all age from 12 to 65 years, showing slight male preponderance.
Malaria vaccine: The tale of terror, triumph, tyranny, and trust
Authors: Joyeeta Talukdar  , Tryambak Srivastava  , Abhibrato Karmakar  , Kakali Purkaystha  , Sandeep Goswami  , Arun Kumar  , Dhar Ruby , Subhradip Karmakar
Published: September 2022

Malaria is an endemic disease in a true sense. It is an acute febrile disease caused due to the parasite Plasmodium. However, unlike COVID-19, it failed to raise an international concern or gain the scientific limelight. Most of the 200 million globally affected by malaria, half of them are from Africa. Four of the nations, Nigeria (25%), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (11%), Mozambique (5%), and Uganda (4%), account for half of the world’s malaria burden and is the leading cause of illness and death. In 2019, an estimated 5–6 million people died of malaria – most of them are young children in sub-Saharan Africa. Many of the countries affected by malaria have the lowest economic status. In the malaria-endemic region, the most vulnerable groups are young children and pregnant women. The costs of malaria are enormous to individuals, families, communities, societies, and nations. After a struggle for three decades, the much-awaited malaria vaccine, RTS, S (brand name Mosquirix), was finally launched; but it came with its controversies and allegations. This review explored the different angles of this disease, the vaccine development, and the emerging debates.
An analytical study of peripheral arterial disease at Government General Hospital, Nizamabad
Authors: Ramchandraiah Chintalaboguda  , Nimmala Balraj  , Madhukar Sirasu
Published: September 2022

Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is linked to a decrease in functional ability as well as a higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Despite its widespread incidence, links to mortality, morbidity, and impaired quality of life, PAD is underdiagnosed and undertreated.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to review the available literature on this subject and analyze the mode of presentation, symptoms, signs, age incidence and results of conservative management and angioplasty, and stenting as measured by limb salvage and amputation rates.
Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 40 patients chosen from the patients admitted in Government General Hospital, Nizamabad, with a diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease from May 2019 to April 2022.
Results: It is revealed from the study that out of 28 patients with Atherosclerosis, 10 patients weremanaged conservatively, 12 underwent primary amputation, two secondary amputation, and four patients were managed with angioplasty and stenting of anterior tibial artery. Among the eight patients with Thromboangiitis Obliterans, six patients were managed conservatively, and two patients underwent primary amputations. Two patients with acute embolic disease were referred to higher center for embolectomy and remaining two patients with inconclusive etiology were managed conservatively.
Conclusion: Atherosclerosis is mainly a disease of old age but now the trend is moving towards earlier decades as well. Hence, risk factor modification and awareness remain the best method of prevention. Embolectomy should be carried out aggressively in all cases with potentially salvageable limbs.
EVALUATION OF NITRIFICATION PROCESS IN CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS: A REVIEW ON NOVEL BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN REMOVAL PROCESSES
Authors: Hameed Yasir Talib , Abdalqadir Narmeen Abdalwahhab , Nussrat Hala Husham , Shahot Khaled muftah
Published: September 2022

Constructed wetlands attracted the attention of researchers as a sustainable, economic, and efficient wastewater treatment technique. Many papers showed the efficient performance of constructed wetlands to treat municipal, industrial, livestock, petroleum, and other types of wastewater, effectively removing organic matters, phosphate, nitrogen, and contaminants of emerging concern such as pharmaceuticals and antibiotics. There have been numerous reviews in the literature that studied nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands from different perspectives. However, the majority are concerned about the conventional nitrification process. It is worth mentioning that some biological nitrogen pathways other than the conventional nitrification process were implemented in constructed wetlands efficiently such as partial nitrification and denitrification, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation, and completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite which have been reviewed in this study. The outcomes of this study showed that anaerobic ammonium oxidation is the most common pathway applied in constructed wetlands. Moreover, this review showed that the efficient performance of these novel pathways is constrained by the difficulty of controlling the operating parameters such as dissolved oxygen, temperature, and pH.
PHOTOVOLTAIC/THERMAL (PV/T) SYSTEM DIRECT CONTACT TYPE: A REVIEW
Authors: Kadhim Khudadad Ali , Alwan Saleh Fouad , Kaream Kasim Naseer
Published: September 2022

Hybrid photovoltaic/thermal systems have emerged as a key energy technology as a result of the photovoltaic thermal PV/capacity T's to simultaneously produce electrical and thermal energy. Over the last couple of decades, much attention has been paid to photovoltaic–thermal systems due to their benefits over solar thermal and photovoltaic applications. This paper will concentrate on direct contact systems in order to demonstrate the various electrical and thermal features of photovoltaic–thermal systems. The main objective of researchers and manufacturers is to improve photovoltaic/thermal collector efficiency by employing state-of-the-art materials and design concepts and appropriately integrating them into solar modules and thermal absorbers. Additionally, it is important to lower the cost of these systems and increase their market competitiveness. As well as, PV/T systems are critical for supplying electricity in a clean and ecologically beneficial manner.
PEMODELAN FASIES BATUGAMPING FORMASI KUJUNG UNIT 1, AREA OFFSHORE REMBANG UTARA, MENGGUNAKAN DATA SUMUR DAN SEISMIK 2D
Authors: Ramli Taufik
Published: September 2022

Cekungan Jawa Timur Utara merupakan salah satu cekungan penghasil hidrokarbon di Indonesia. Pada cekungan ini sudah terdapat banyak wilayah kerja migas aktif, akantapi masih terdapat area kosong yang masih berupa wilayah terbuka, salah satunya adalah Area Offshore Rembang Utara. Dari data hasil pengeboran 4 sumur di area ini, ditemukan adanya gas show pada interval Formasi Kujung Unit-I. Hasil ini menjadi indikasi bahwa pada area ini telah terakumulasi hidrokarbon khususnya gas pada interval Formasi Kujung Unit-I dan masih memiliki prospek untuk dikembangkan. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui asosiasi fasies penyusun Formasi Kujung Unit-1 yang merupakan batuan reservoir utama di area ini, serta mengetahui penyebarannya. Penelitian pada area ini menggunakan data sumur dan data sesmik yang tersedia. Penelitian dimulai dengan melakukan analisis fasies, fasies seismik, dan pemodelan asosiasi fasies. Dari hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa reservoir Kujung Unit-I, disusun oleh 4 asosiasi fasies, yaitu back reef-lagoon, fore reef, patch reef dan barrier reef.
Manejo da raiva em pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio (MAPAMI): protocolo do ensaio clínico randomizado
Authors: Schmidt Karine , Rudnicki Tânia , Aires Aline , Eibel Bruna , Quadros Alexandre , Schmidt Márcia
Published: September 2022

Este estudo objetiva descrever o protocolo de um Ensaio Clínico Randomizado (ECR) (NCT 02868216), controlado, paralelo, por intenção de tratar, de intervenção de manejo da raiva na função endotelial de pacientes pós-infarto e baixo controle dessa emoção. A intervenção consistiu em dois encontros individuais de 40 minutos com frequência mensal. No grupo intervenção foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e focais baseadas na psicoeducação e técnicas cognitivo-comportamentais. A psicoeducação envolveu a caracterização da raiva e sua influência no sistema cardiovascular e ativação simpática. O treino de habilidades visou a identificação dos gatilhos e sinais de aviso. A técnica “time-out” foi empregada para recrutamento de forças para mudança de expressão. A tríade da raiva (pensamento, emoção e ação) foi trabalhada na reestruturação cognitiva para promover respostas adaptativas e manejo da emoção. Desta maneira, essa intervenção utiliza técnicas cognitivo-comportamentais para manejar a raiva e promover a melhoria da função vascular dos pacientes pós-infarto.
Sintesis Karbon Nanopori Bebas Silika dari Ampas Tebu (Saccharum officianarum) melalui Iradiasi Ultrasonik
Authors: Alif Alfiah , Mubarak Azhar Aras
Published: September 2022

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang sintesis karbon nanopori bebas silika dari ampas tebu (Saccharum officianarum) melalui iradiasi ultrasonik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil karakterisasi dari sintesis karbon nanopori bebas silika. Sintesis karbon nanopori dari bahan ampas tebu, melewati 3 tahapan proses yaitu, preparasi, karbonisasi, dan ekstaksi silika dengan NaOH 5 M. Karakterisasi dilakukan dengan dan tanpa perlakuan iradiasi ultrasonik. Hasil karakterisasi melalui FTIR menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan intensitas yang tajam berupa vibrasi rentangan C=C dari gugus aromatik pada bilangan gelombang 1606,70 cm-1, dan vibrasi rentangan C=O pada bilangan gelombang 1714,702 cm-1. Hasil SEM menunjukkan morfologi karbon yang diiradiasi memberikan struktur pori yang lebih kecil, banyak, dan terdistribusi secara merata, sedangkan metode pengujian EDS menunjukkan komposisi unsur terbanyak adalah karbon 68.8%. Hasil analisis luas permukaan melalui metode metilen biru dalam kondisi optimum iradiasi gelombang ultrasonik pada suhu 30 oC selama 15 menit yaitu 185,0073 m2/g. Karbon nanopori bebas silika dengan perlakuan iradiasi ultrasonik memberikan hasil yang baik dibandingkan tanpa iradiasi ultrasonik
Analisis Klaster Pengelompokan Kecamatan di Sulawesi Barat Berdasarkan Indikator Pendidikan
Authors: Hikmah Hikmah , Fardinah Fardinah , Qadrini Laila , Tande Elviani
Published: September 2022

Berdasarkan Biro Pusat Statistik 2018, IPM Sulawesi Barat berada di peringkat ke 31 dari 34 provinsi di Indonesia, yang meliputi komposisi pencapaian pendidikan, kesehatan, dan penghasilan per kepala. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi adalah pemerataan dan karakteristik tingkat pendidikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah meng kecamatan di Sulawesi Barat berdasarkan indikator pendidikan dengan menggunakan analisis klaster metode ward. Analisis klaster merupakan salah satu metode analisis yang bertujuan untuk meng objek-objek berdasarkan kemiripan karakteristik yang dimilikinya. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh 3 , yaitu klaster 1 (tinggi) terdiri atas 3 kecamatan, klaster 2 (sedang) terdiri atas 19 kecamatan, dan klaster 3 (rendah) terdiri atas 20 kecamatan. Pengan ini menggunakan jumlah siswa dan jumlah guru masing-masing dari KB, TK, SD, SMP, SMA, dan SMK. Dengan adanya hasil penelitian ini, semoga pemerintah dapat memperhatikan pemerataan kecamatan khususnya berdasarkan indicator pendidikan.
Eugène Dupréel and Chaїm Perelman: the normative and critical principles of the “rhetorical turn” in contemporary philosophy. Part 1
Authors: Secundant Sergii
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this article is to give a critical assessment of the methodological, epistemological and philosophical principles of the “rhetorical turn” as a historico-philosophical phenomenon in contemporary philosophy. The first part offers a reconstruction and a critical assessment of the methodological and epistemological foundations of Eugène Dupréel's critique of the key features of “classical philosophy”, namely, the concept of necessary knowledge and the concept of progress. These are supplemented by a brief analysis of Chaїm Perelman’s reception of Dupréel's theses in his works of the so-called “turning point” period (1947–1949). It is shown that Dupréel's critique is “axiological” in nature and consists in his reassessment of the principles of classical methodology and epistemology. In his critique of the doctrine of necessary knowledge from the standpoint of humanism, Dupréel wittingly vindicates the methodological and epistemological principles of sophistry (critical realism, subjectivism, pragmatism, pluralism, relativism, conventionalism, etc.), but endows these, as well as other concepts of classical epistemology, with a new, humanistic, meaning. Perelman generally supports the main points of Dupréel's criticism, strengthening their social and humanistic orientation. This article demonstrates that the criticism of classical philosophy offered by both thinkers is limited in terms of both its subject and its principles. After all, it (1) provides a simplified image of “classical philosophy”, (2) is based on a misunderstanding of the fundamentally conceptual and constructive nature of philosophical knowledge, (3) is carried out from the standpoint of “socially oriented realism”, and, therefore, (4) has no bearing on the epistemological principles of idealistic and religious movements,(5) leading to the separation of philosophy from scientific and religious knowledge.
Time and Space in the Philosophy of Leibnitz. Part I
Authors: Secundant Sergii , Oriekhova Arina
Published: September 2022

Arina Oriekhova's interview with Professor Serhii Secundant, devoted to Leibniz's concept of time and space, the peculiarities of Michael Fatch's interpretation of this concept, and various historico-philosophical approaches to understanding Leibniz's philosophy as a whole.
Capability Approach and its Historico-philosophical Roots. Chiappero-Martinetti, E., Osmani, S., & Qizilbash, M. (Eds.). (2020). The Cambridge Handbook of the Capability Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Authors: Baumeister Andrii , Khoma Vsevolod
Published: September 2022

Review of Chiappero-Martinetti, E., Osmani, S., & Qizilbash, M. (Eds.). (2020). The Cambridge Handbook of the Capability Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Islam, Creationism and Evolutionism: Theoretical Contempolations. Ahmed Malik, S. (2021). Islam and Evolution: Al-Ghazālī and the Modern Evolutionary Paradigm. London: Routledge.
Authors: Yakubovych Mykhaylo
Published: September 2022

Review of Ahmed Malik, S. (2021). Islam and Evolution: Al-Ghazālī and the Modern Evolutionary Paradigm. London: Routledge.
Mykola Gogol and Greece
Authors:   Nizhyn Gogol State University, Samoilenko G.
Published: September 2022

The article for the first time in a systematic way reveals the connections of Mykola Gogol with Greece and the Greeks, shows how they originated during his studies at the Gymnasium of Higher Sciences, prince Bezborodko in Nizhyn and what forms they took: the future writer's participation in theatrical student performances with the Greeks K. Basil, S. Guten and others, as well as joint work in publishing manuscripts and almanacs, including "Northern Dawn", in which high school students works were published, and in the study of the Greek language, which was introduced into the curriculum of the Gymnasium after the appearance of Greek students who emigrated from their homeland during the brutal struggle of the Greek people against the Turks for national independence. In addition, special attention is paid to how Gogol covers the life of the Greek colony in Nizhyn in the satire "Something about Nizhyn, or the law is not written for fools" and the mention of the heroes of the Greek Revolution of 1821-1827 in the poem "Hanz Kuchelgarten", in which the hero tries to take a direct part in this struggle and the poem "Dead Souls". Gogol's line with Konstantin Basil, a famous diplomat and writer, from almost his entire life, from his student years to his trip to the Holy Places of 1848 and living in Odessa, a mutual appreciation of their work.
Features of formation archival fund on the example of the museum collection of Nikolai Shust in the funds of the Nizhyn Spaskiy Regional Museum
Authors:   Nizhyn Spaskiy Regional Museum, Roy S.
Published: September 2022

The formulation of the problem and its urgency lies in the need to study the experience of prominent cultural figures who worked to create a new paradigm in the development of education and art, passing as precious treasures of the past to the younger generation. One of them is a teacher, public figure, sculptor and artist Mykola Naumovych Shust. The most effective way to systematize information about his participation in public and cultural activities is to create an archival fund formed from his personal documents and other materials related to life and work. Of course, this method of storing and systematizing information about famous cultural figures is not new, but still it has methodological, functional and thematic features of creation, because it is created not in an archival institution, but in a museum. The purpose of this publication is an attempt to determine the peculiarities of the formation and use of the archival fund, on the example of the stock collection M.N. Shusta, which is stored in the NRM. I. Spassky. The main task of intelligence is to clarify the definition of the archival fund, to establish the basic principles of its formation and introduction into scientific circulation, stock accounting and opportunities for expansion, on the example of the stock collection of the NCM. I. Spassky dedicated to Mykola Shust.
Cultural diplomacy as a tool for shaping the international image of Ukraine
Authors:   Nizhyn Gogol State University, Mytsyk L.
Published: September 2022

The purpose of the study is to identify the specifics of institutionalization of the Ukrainian cultural diplomacy, as well as outline the main problems and prospects for its further implementation. The author concludes that cultural diplomacy for Ukraine is an important element of strategic activity, a "soft power" through which it is much easier to position oneself in the world and find support at the public level. It is a tool for the realization of national interests, but subject to systematic application and effective coordination of efforts and generation of quality content for export.
Pacific Automobilism: Adventure, Status and the Carnival of Mobility, 1970–2015
Authors: Mom Gijs
Published: September 2022

The beginning of the 21st century has seen important shifts in mobility cultures around the world, as the West’s media-driven car culture has contrasted with existing local mobilities, from rickshaws in India and minibuses in Africa to cycling in China. In this expansive volume, historian Gijs Mom explores how contemporary mobility has been impacted by social, political, and economic forces on a global scale, as in light of local mobility cultures, the car as an ‘adventure machine’ seems to lose cultural influence in favor of the car’s status character.
Critical Public Archaeology: Confronting Social Challenges in the 21st Century
Authors: Westmont V. Camille
Published: September 2022

Critical approaches to public archaeology have been in use since the 1980s, however only recently have archaeologists begun using critical theory in conjunction with public archaeology to challenge dominant narratives of the past. This volume brings together current work on the theory and practice of critical public archaeology from Europe and the United States to illustrate the ways that implementing critical approaches can introduce new understandings of the past and reveal new insights on the present. Contributors to this volume explore public perceptions of museum interpretations as well as public archaeology projects related to changing perceptions of immigration, the working classes, and race.
Management of injuries on the 16th-century battlefield: Ambroise Paré’s contributions to neurosurgery and functional recovery
Authors: Park Marian T. , Mignucci-Jiménez Giancarlo , Houlihan Lena Mary , Preul Mark C.
Published: September 2022

During the 1536 siege of Turin in northern Italy, a young French barber-surgeon abandoned the conventional treatment of battle-inflicted wounds, launching a revolution in military medicine and surgical techniques. Ambroise Paré (1510–1590) was born into a working-class Huguenot family in Laval, France, during an era when surgery was not considered a respectable profession. He rose from humble origins as a barber-surgeon, a low-ranked occupation in the French medical hierarchy, to become a royal surgeon (chirurgien ordinaire du Roi) serving 4 consecutive French monarchs. His innovative ideas and surgical practice were a response to the environment created by new military technology on 16th-century European battlefields. Gunpowder weapons caused unfamiliar, complicated injuries that challenged Paré to develop new techniques and surgical instruments. Although Paré’s contributions to the treatment of wounds and functional prosthetics are documented, a deeper appreciation of his role in military neurosurgery is needed. This paper examines archives, primary texts, and written accounts by Paré that reveal specific patient cases highlighting his innovative contributions to neurotrauma and neurosurgery during demanding and harrowing circumstances, on and off the battlefield, in 16th-century France. Notably, trepanation indications increased because of battlefield head injuries, and Paré frequently described this technique and improved the design of the trepan tool. His contribution to neurologically related topics is extensive; there are more chapters devoted to the nervous system than to any other organ system in his compendium, Oeuvres. Regarding anatomical knowledge as fundamentally important and admiring the contemporary contributions of Andreas Vesalius, Paré reproduced many images from Vesalius’ works at his own great expense. The manner in which Paré’s participation in military expeditions enabled collaboration with multidisciplinary artisans on devices, including surgical tools and prosthetics, to restore neurologically associated functionality is also discussed. Deeply religious, in a life filled with adventure, and serving in often horrendous conditions during a time when Galenic dogma still dominated medical practice, Paré developed a reputation for logic, empiricism, technology, and careful treatment. "I have [had] the opportunity to praise God, for what he called me to do in medical operation, which is commonly called surgery, which could not be bought with gold or silver, but by only virtue and great experimentation."
Neurosurgery at Pearl Harbor: Ralph Cloward’s legacy
Authors: Sherrod Brandon A. , Wilkerson Christopher G. , Rolston John D. , Bisson Erica F. , Mazur Marcus D. , Couldwell William T. , Dailey Andrew T.
Published: September 2022

Ralph B. Cloward (1908–2000) was the sole neurosurgeon present during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Cloward operated on 42 patients in a span of 4 days during the attacks and was awarded a commendation signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1945 for his wartime efforts. During the attacks, he primarily treated depressed skull fractures and penetrating shrapnel wounds, but he also treated peripheral nerve and spine injuries in the aftermath. His techniques included innovative advancements such as tantalum cranioplasty plates, electromagnets for intracranial metallic fragment removal, and the application of sulfonamide antibiotic powder within cranial wounds, which had been introduced by military medics for gangrene prevention in 1939 and described for penetrating cranial wounds in 1940. Despite the severity of injuries encountered, only 2 soldiers died in the course of Cloward’s interventions. As the sole neurosurgeon in the Pacific Theater until 1944, he remained in Honolulu through World War II’s duration and gained immense operative experience through his wartime service. Here, the authors review the history of Cloward’s remarkable efforts, techniques, injury patterns treated, and legacy.
The crippled brain that prolonged the Civil War: General Joseph Hooker’s concussions at Chancellorsville
Authors: Pait T. Glenn , Helton Matthew
Published: September 2022

President Lincoln appointed General Joseph Hooker to command the Army of the Potomac in January 1863. In April 1863, Hooker had 130,000 men compared to the Confederate Army’s 60,000. The Union forces had more food, clothing, and ammunition. On a decisive day of the Chancellorsville campaign, as Hooker stood on his headquarters porch, a cannonball struck the pillar against which he was leaning. He was hurled to the floor, stunned and senseless. Unconsciousness followed a lucid interval, requiring rest, when another cannonball struck near him. Half of the army was not thrust into battle, resulting in retreat, because Hooker was not capable of commanding. Hooker’s army missed the opportune time to attack; the order was never received because Hooker suffered a traumatic brain injury. Under current military protocol, Hooker would not be allowed to return to participation. During this crucial period a reporter stated, “the precious hour passed, while our army was without a head.” The Chancellorsville campaign resulted in Union retreat. Hooker’s disabling traumatic brain injury prevented him from giving orders and changing the battle’s outcome. Had the general not sustained a concussion, the Civil War probably would have ended earlier.
Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm: neurosurgical experience and transformative legacy for operational medicine
Authors: Martin Jonathan E. , Dean Jordan , Neal Chris J. , Brandvold Benny , Ellenbogen Richard G. , Moquin Ross R. , Ling Geoffrey , Ecklund James
Published: September 2022

Operation Desert Storm (ODS) was an astounding success for combat arms and logistical units of the US Military. In contrast, Department of Defense (DOD) medical units struggled to keep pace with combat operations and were fortunate that casualty estimates for a Cold War–era battle failed to materialize. The medical support plan included a large contingent of active-duty and reserve neurosurgeons in anticipation of care requirements for more than 500,000 deploying service members engaged in a large-scale combat operation. Here, the authors review the clinical experience and operational challenges encountered by neurosurgeons deployed in support of this conflict and discuss legacies of ODS for both surgeons and the military medical system.
Neurosurgical developments of Thierry de Martel (1875–1940), French neurosurgery pioneer, during World Wars I and II
Authors: Pallud Johan , Simboli Giorgia Antonia , Moiraghi Alessandro , Roux Alexandre , Zanello Marc
Published: September 2022

Following France’s entry into World War I on August 3, 1914, Thierry de Martel (1875–1940), the French neurosurgery pioneer, served on the front line and was wounded on October 3, 1914. He was then assigned as a surgeon in temporary hospitals in Paris, where he published his first observations of cranioencephalic war wounds. In 1915, de Martel met Harvey Cushing at the American Hospital in Neuilly, where de Martel was appointed chief surgeon in 1916. In 1917, he published with the French neurologist Charles Chatelin a book (Blessures du crâne et du cerveau. Clinique et traitement) with the aim to optimize the practice of wartime brain surgery. This book, which included the results of more than 5000 soldiers with head injuries, was considered the most important ever written on war neurology at that time and was translated into English in 1918 (Wounds of the Skull and Brain; Their Clinical Forms and Medical and Surgical Treatment). In this book, de Martel detailed the fundamentals of skull injuries, classified the various craniocerebral lesions, recommended exploratory craniectomy for cranioencephalic injuries, recommended the removal of metal projectiles from the brain using a magnetic nail, and advocated for the prevention of infectious complications. Between the World Wars, de Martel undertook several developments for neurosurgery in France alongside neurologists Joseph Babinski and Clovis Vincent. Following France’s entry into World War II on September 3, 1939, de Martel took over as head of the services of the American Hospital of Paris in Neuilly. He updated his work on war surgery with the new cases he personally treated. Together with Vincent, de Martel presented his new approach in "Le traitement des blessures du crâne pendant les opérations militaires" ("The treatment of skull injuries during military operations") on January 30, 1940, and published his own surgical results in April 1940 in "Plan d’un travail sur le traitement des plaies cranio-cérébrales de guerre" ("Work Plan on the Treatment of Cranio-Cerebral Wounds of War"), intended for battlefield surgeons. On June 14, 1940, the day German troops entered Paris, de Martel injected himself with a lethal dose of phenobarbital. Thierry de Martel played a central role in establishing modern neurosurgery in France. His patriotism led him to improve the management of wartime cranioencephalic injuries using his own experience acquired during World Wars I and II.
Operation "NeuroTeam": rendering the absolute best care for the most deserving patients under the most difficult conditions
Authors: Dang Danielle D. , Boulter Jason H. , Meister Melissa R. , Dang John V. , Ling Geoffrey , Ecklund James
Published: September 2022

The tenets of neurosurgery worldwide, whether in the civilian or military sector, espouse vigilance, the ability to adapt, extreme ownership, and, of course, an innate drive for developing a unique set of technical skills. At a time in history when the complexity of battlefield neurotrauma climaxed coupled with a chronic shortage of military neurosurgeons, modernized solutions were mandated in order to deliver world-class neurological care to our servicemen and servicewomen. Complex blast injuries, as caused by an increased incidence of improvised explosive devices, yielded widespread systemic inflammatory responses with multiorgan damage. In response to these challenges, the "NeuroTeam," originally a unit of two neurosurgeons as deployed during Operation Desert Storm, was redesigned to instead pair a neurosurgeon with a neurointensivist and launched itself during two specialized missions in Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom. Representing a hybridized version of present-day neurocritical care teams, the purpose of this unit was to optimize neurosurgical care by focusing on interdisciplinary collaboration in an Echelon III combat support hospital. The NeuroTeam provided unique workflow capabilities never seen collectively on the battlefield: downrange neurosurgical capability by a board-certified neurological surgeon within 60 minutes from the point of injury paired with a neurocritical care–trained intensivist. This also set the stage for intraoperative telemedicine infrastructure for neurosurgery and optimized the ability to evaluate, triage, and stabilize patients prior to medical evacuation. This novel military partnership ultimately allowed the neurosurgeon to focus on the tenets of the craft and thereby the dynamic needs of the patient first and foremost.

Since the success of these missions, the NeuroTeam has evolved into a detachable unit, the "Head and Neck Team," comprising neurosurgeons, otolaryngologists, and ophthalmologists, supported by a postinjury hospital unit, which includes an embedded neurocritical care physician. The creation and evolution of the NeuroTeam, necessitated by a shortage of military neurosurgeons and the dangerous shift in military wartime tactics, best exemplifies multidisciplinary collaboration and military medicine agility. As neurocritical care continues to evolve into a highly complex, distinct specialty, the lessons learned by the NeuroTeam ultimately serve as a reminder for civilian and military physicians alike. Despite the conditions and despite one’s professional ego, patients with highly complex morbid neurological disease deserve expert, multidisciplinary management for survival.
Advancements in the treatment of traumatic spinal cord injury during military conflicts
Authors: Hersh Andrew M. , Davidar A. Daniel , Weber-Levine Carly , Raj Divyaansh , Alomari Safwan , Judy Brendan F. , Theodore Nicholas
Published: September 2022

Significant advancements in the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) were developed in the setting of military conflicts, partly due to the large numbers of injuries sustained by service members. No effective SCI treatment options existed into the early 20th century, and soldiers who sustained these injuries were usually considered untreatable. Extensive progress was made in SCI treatment during and after World War II, as physical therapy was increasingly encouraged for patients with SCI, multidisciplinary teams oversaw care, pathophysiology was better understood, and strategies were devised to prevent wound infection and pressure sores. Recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have caused a substantial rise in the proportion of SCIs among causes of casualties and wounds, largely due to new forms of war and weapons, such as improvised explosive devices. Modern military SCIs resulting from blast mechanisms are substantively different from traumatic SCIs sustained by civilians. The treatment paradigms developed over the past 100 years have increased survival rates and outcomes of soldiers with SCI. In this paper, the authors review the role of military conflicts in the development of therapeutic interventions for SCI and discuss how these interventions have improved outcomes for soldiers and civilians alike.