bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Macromolecular Cargo Encapsulation via In Vitro Assembly of Two‐Component Protein Nanoparticles
Authors: Herpoldt Karla‐Luise , López Ciana L. , Sappington Isaac , Pham Minh N. , Srinivasan Selvi , Netland Jason , Montgomery Katherine S. , Roy Debashish , Prossnitz Alexander N. , Ellis Daniel , Wargacki Adam J. , Pepper Marion , Convertine Anthony J. , Stayton Patrick S. , King Neil P.
Published: January 2024

Self‐assembling protein nanoparticles are a promising class of materials for targeted drug delivery. Here, the use of a computationally designed, two‐component, icosahedral protein nanoparticle is reported to encapsulate multiple macromolecular cargoes via simple and controlled self‐assembly in vitro. Single‐stranded RNA molecules between 200 and 2500 nucleotides in length are encapsulated and protected from enzymatic degradation for up to a month with length‐dependent decay rates. Immunogenicity studies of nanoparticles packaging synthetic polymers carrying a small‐molecule TLR7/8 agonist show that co‐delivery of antigen and adjuvant results in a more than 20‐fold increase in humoral immune responses while minimizing systemic cytokine secretion associated with free adjuvant. Coupled with the precise control over nanoparticle structure offered by computational design, robust and versatile encapsulation via in vitro assembly opens the door to a new generation of cargo‐loaded protein nanoparticles that can combine the therapeutic effects of multiple drug classes.
3D Hydrogel Encapsulation Regulates Nephrogenesis in Kidney Organoids
Authors: Nerger Bryan A. , Sinha Sumit , Lee Nathan N. , Cheriyan Maria , Bertsch Pascal , Johnson Christopher P. , Mahadevan L. , Bonventre Joseph V. , Mooney David J.
Published: January 2024

Stem cell‐derived kidney organoids contain nephron segments that recapitulate morphological and functional aspects of the human kidney. However, directed differentiation protocols for kidney organoids are largely conducted using biochemical signals to control differentiation. Here, the hypothesis that mechanical signals regulate nephrogenesis is investigated in 3D culture by encapsulating kidney organoids within viscoelastic alginate hydrogels with varying rates of stress relaxation. Tubular nephron segments are significantly more convoluted in kidney organoids differentiated in encapsulating hydrogels when compared with those in suspension culture. Hydrogel viscoelasticity regulates the spatial distribution of nephron segments within the differentiating kidney organoids. Consistent with these observations, a particle‐based computational model predicts that the extent of deformation of the hydrogel–organoid interface regulates the morphology of nephron segments. Elevated extracellular calcium levels in the culture medium, which can be impacted by the hydrogels, decrease the glomerulus‐to‐tubule ratio of nephron segments. These findings reveal that hydrogel encapsulation regulates nephron patterning and morphology and suggest that the mechanical microenvironment is an important design variable for kidney regenerative medicine.
Anion‐Regulated Sulfur Conversion in High‐Content Carbon Layer Confined Sulfur Cathode Maximizes Voltage and Rate Capability of K–S Batteries
Authors: Jiang Zuobei , Li Na , Li Lingyi , Tan Feiming , Huang Junxi , Huang Shaoming
Published: January 2024

Potassium–sulfur (K–S) batteries have attracted attention in large‐scale energy storage systems. Small‐molecule/covalent sulfur (SMCS) can help to avoid the shuttle effect of polysulfide ions via solid–solid sulfur conversion. However, the content of SMCS is relatively low (≤40%), and solid–solid reactions cause sluggish kinetics and low discharge potentials. Herein, SMCS is confined in turbo carbon layers with a content of ≈74.1 wt% via a C/S co‐deposition process. In the K–S battery assembled by using as‐fabricated SMCS@C as cathode and KFSI‐EC/DEC as an electrolyte, anion‐regulated two‐plateau solid‐state S conversion chemistry and a novel high discharge potential plateau at 2.5–2.0 V with a remarkable reversible capacity of 384 mAh g−1 at 3 A g−1 after 1000 cycles are found. The SMCS@C||K full cell showed energy and power density of 72.8 Wh kg−1 and 873.2 W kg−1, respectively, at 3 A g−1. Mechanism studies reveal that the enlarged carbon layer space enables the diffusion of K+‐FSI‐ ion pairs, and the coulombic attraction between them accelerates their diffusion in SMCS@C. In addition, FSI− regulates sulfur conversion in situ inside the carbon layers along a two‐plateau solid‐state reaction pathway, which lowers the free energy and weakens the S─S bond of intermediates, leading to faster and more efficient S conversion.
Dynamic Transition between Monomer and Excimer Phosphorescence in Organic Near‐Infrared Phosphorescent Crystals
Authors: Deng Zihao , Zhang Jianyu , Zhou Jiaming , Shen Wei , Zuo Yunfei , Wang Jin , Yang Shengyi , Liu Junkai , Chen Yuyang , Chen Chun‐Chao , Jia Guocheng , Alam Parvej , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: January 2024

Achieving efficient near‐infrared room‐temperature phosphorescence of purely organic phosphors remains scarce and challenging due to strong nonradiative decay. Additionally, the investigation of triplet excimer phosphorescence is rarely reported, despite the fact that excimer, a special emitter commonly formed in crystals with strong π–π interactions, can efficiently change the fluorescent properties of compounds. Herein, a series of dithienopyrrole derivatives with low triplet energy levels and stable triplet states, exhibiting persistent near‐infrared room‐temperature phosphorescence, is developed. Via the modification of halogen atoms, the crystals display tunable emissions of monomers from 645 to 702 nm, with a maximum lifetime of 3.68 ms under ambient conditions. Notably, excimer phosphorescence can be switched on at low temperatures, enabled by noncovalent interactions rigidifying the matrix and stabilizing triplet excimer. Unprecedentedly, the dynamic transition process is captured between the monomer and excimer phosphorescence with temperature variations, revealing that the unstable triplet excimers in crystals with a tendency to dissociate can result in the effective quench of room‐temperature phosphorescence. Excited state transitions across varying environments are elucidated, interpreting the structural dynamics of the triplet excimer and demonstrating strategies for devising novel near‐infrared phosphors.
Single‐Atom Alloys Materials for CO2 and CH4 Catalytic Conversion
Authors: He Chengxuan , Gong Yalin , Li Songting , Wu Jiaxin , Lu Zhaojun , Li Qixin , Wang Lingzhi , Wu Shiqun , Zhang Jinlong
Published: January 2024

The catalytic conversion of greenhouse gases CH4 and CO2 constitutes an effective approach for alleviating the greenhouse effect and generating valuable chemical products. However, the intricate molecular characteristics characterized by high symmetry and bond energies, coupled with the complexity of associated reactions, pose challenges for conventional catalysts to attain high activity, product selectivity, and enduring stability. Single‐atom alloys (SAAs) materials, distinguished by their tunable composition and unique electronic structures, confer versatile physicochemical properties and modulable functionalities. In recent years, SAAs materials demonstrate pronounced advantages and expansive prospects in catalytic conversion of CH4 and CO2. This review begins by introducing the challenges entailed in catalytic conversion of CH4 and CO2 and the advantages offered by SAAs. Subsequently, the intricacies of synthesis strategies employed for SAAs are presented and characterization techniques and methodologies are introduced. The subsequent section furnishes a meticulous and inclusive overview of research endeavors concerning SAAs in CO2 catalytic conversion, CH4 conversion, and synergy CH4 and CO2 conversion. The particular emphasis is directed toward scrutinizing the intricate mechanisms underlying the influence of SAAs on reaction activity and product selectivity. Finally, insights are presented on the development and future challenges of SAAs in CH4 and CO2 conversion reactions.
Precise Manipulation the Efficient Multi‐Exciton Emission with High Thermal Stability in Hybrid Manganese‐Antimony Chloride for Optical Thermometry, Anti‐Counterfeiting, and Information Encryption
Authors: Huang Tao , Wei Qilin , Li Tongzhou , Niu Quan , Li Weijian , Huang Guanhan , Zou Bingsuo
Published: January 2024

Recently, zero‐dimensional (0D) metal halides with highly efficient tunable emission have shown broad prospects in the field of anti‐counterfeiting. However, the limited emission colors and low resolution, as well as the severe thermal quenching of self‐trapped excitons, have greatly constrained their applications. In this study, a high thermal stability compound by precisely manipulating the multi‐exciton emission within Sb‐doped hybrid manganese chloride is developed, which exhibits three emission colors (green, orange, and yellow). It is discovered that this compound exhibits significant color changes in the low‐temperature range. Optical temperature sensing, anti‐counterfeiting, and information encryption models based on this compound are successfully designed. This research proposes an effective strategy for designing novel eco‐friendly and efficient anti‐counterfeiting and temperature sensing materials, paving the way for optical temperature sensing and multi‐key encryption‐decryption applications.
Electronic and Steric Effects in a Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular C(sp3)−H Bond Activation Reaction of 1‐Bromoalkynes
Authors: Miguélez Rubén , Arto Omar , Semleit Nina , Haberhauer Gebhard , Barrio Pablo
Published: January 2024

The functional group compatibility of our recently disclosed gold(I)‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of 1‐bromoalkynes is studied in detail. Two main features are addressed, the minimum distances at which polar functional groups are tolerated and the influence of both electronic and steric effects on the performance of aryl ether derivatives. Moreover, robustness assessment experiments have been carried out shedding light on the factors dictating functional group tolerance. In addition, the reaction has been applied to the synthesis of a key intermediate in the total synthesis of a natural product and a heterobifunctional molecule. DFT calculations have shed light on the mechanistic features behind the observed reactivity trends. On one hand, the destabilization of the TS by the proximity of the polar group may hamper the reactivity for proximal functional groups. On the other hand, some polar functional groups are not tolerated regardless of their position due to the preferential coordination of gold to the oxygen atom over the alkyne, resulting presumably in competitive catalyst deactivation pathways.
Chaotropic Nanoelectrocatalysis: Chemically Disrupting Water Intermolecular Network at the Point‐of‐Catalysis to Boost Green Hydrogen Electrosynthesis
Authors: Ng Li Shiuan , Chah Eu Li Chloe , Ngieng Min Hui , Boong Siew Kheng , Chong Carice , Raja Mogan Tharishinny , Lee Jinn‐Kye , Li Haitao , Lee Chi‐Lik Ken , Lee Hiang Kwee
Published: January 2024

Efficient green hydrogen production through electrocatalytic water splitting serves as a powerful catalyst for realizing a carbon‐free hydrogen economy. However, current electrocatalytic designs face challenges such as poor hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance (Tafel slope, 100–140 mV dec−1) because water molecules are thermodynamically trapped within their extensive hydrogen bonding network. Herein, we drive efficient HER by manipulating the local water microenvironment near the electrocatalyst. This is achieved by functionalizing the nanoelectrocatalyst's surface with a monolayer of chaotropic molecules to chemically weaken water‐water interactions directly at the point‐of‐catalysis. Notably, our chaotropic design demonstrates a superior Tafel slope (77 mV dec−1) and the lowest overpotential (0.3 V at 10 mA cm−2ECSA), surpassing its kosmotropic counterparts (which reinforces the water molecular network) and previously reported electrocatalytic designs by up to ≈2‐fold and ≈3‐fold, respectively. Comprehensive mechanistic investigations highlight the critical role of chaotropic surface chemistry in disrupting the water intermolecular network, thereby releasing free/weakly bound water molecules that strongly interact with the electrocatalyst to boost HER. Our study provides a unique molecular approach that can be readily integrated with emerging electrocatalytic materials to rapidly advance the electrosynthesis of green hydrogen, holding immense promise for sustainable chemical and energy applications.
Regioselective Dearomative Amidoximation of Nonactivated Arenes Enabled by Photohomolytic Cleavage of N‐nitrosamides
Authors: Yuan Pan‐Feng , Huang Xie‐Tian , Long Linhong , Huang Tao , Sun Chun‐Lin , Yu Wei , Wu Li‐Zhu , Chen Hui , Liu Qiang
Published: January 2024

Dearomative spirocyclization reactions represent a promising means to convert arenes into three‐dimensional architectures; however, controlling the regioselectivity of radical dearomatization with nonactivated arenes to afford the spirocyclizative 1,2‐difunctionalization other than its kinetically preferred 1,4‐difunctionalization is exceptionally challenging. Here we disclose a novel strategy for dearomative 1,2‐ or 1,4‐amidoximation of (hetero)arenes enabled by direct visible‐light‐induced homolysis of N−NO bonds of nitrosamides, giving rise to various highly regioselective amidoximated spirocycles that previously have been inaccessible or required elaborate synthetic efforts. The mechanism and origins of the observed regioselectivities were investigated by control experiments and density functional theory calculations.
Pivotal Role of Geometry Regulation on O−O Bond Formation Mechanism of Bimetallic Water Oxidation Catalysts
Authors: Chen Qi‐Fa , Xian Ke‐Lin , Zhang Hong‐Tao , Su Xiao‐Jun , Liao Rong‐Zhen , Zhang Ming‐Tian
Published: January 2024

In this study, we highlight the impact of catalyst geometry on the formation of O−O bonds in Cu2 and Fe2 catalysts. A series of Cu2 complexes with diverse linkers are designed as electrocatalysts for water oxidation. Interestingly, the catalytic performance of these Cu2 complexes is enhanced as their molecular skeletons become more rigid, which contrasts with the behavior observed in our previous investigation with Fe2 analogs. Moreover, mechanistic studies reveal that the reactivity of the bridging O atom results in distinct pathways for O−O bond formation in Cu2 and Fe2 catalysts. In Cu2 systems, the coupling takes place between a terminal CuIII−OH and a bridging μ−O⋅ radical. Whereas in Fe2 systems, it involves the coupling of two terminal Fe–oxo entities. Furthermore, an in‐depth structure–activity analysis uncovers the spatial geometric prerequisites for the coupling of the terminal OH with the bridging μ−O⋅ radical, ultimately leading to the O−O bond formation. Overall, this study emphasizes the critical role of precisely adjusting the spatial geometry of catalysts to align with the O−O bonding pathway.
Polymeric Metal Halides with Bright Luminescence and Versatile Processability
Authors: Li Shun‐Shun , Cheng Pengfei , Liu Huaxin , Li Juntao , Wang Sijia , Xiao Chunlei , Liu Jianyong , Chen Junsheng , Wu Kaifeng
Published: January 2024

Most of current metal halide materials, including all inorganic and organic–inorganic hybrids, are crystalline materials with poor workability and plasticity that limit their application scope. Here, we develop a novel class of materials termed polymeric metal halides (PMHs) through introducing polycations into antimony‐based metal halide materials as A‐site cations. A series of PMHs with orange‐yellow broadband emission and large Stokes shift originating from inorganic self‐trapped excitons are successfully prepared, which meanwhile exhibit the excellent processability and formability of polymers. The versatility of these PMHs is manifested as the broad choices of polycations, the ready extension to manganese‐ and copper‐based halides, and the tolerance to molar ratios between polycations and metal halides in the formation of PMHs. The merger of polymer chemistry and inorganic chemistry thus provides a novel generic platform for the development of metal halide functional materials.
Transboundary fine dust pollution in China and Korea: How has international politics impeded environmental negotiations?
Authors: Zhang Muhui
Published: January 2024

Transboundary fine dust has been a leading cause of dispute between China and Korea since the mid‐2010s. This study observes that transboundary fine dust is not purely an environmental issue, but rather mixed with political and diplomatic challenges. Despite the emerging bilateral and multilateral efforts to tackle this issue, this research sheds light on how political and diplomatic factors have undermined the outcomes of environmental negotiations between China and Korea. We highlight three dimensions of policy‐based studies: scientific joint research on source‐receptor relationships, interstate environmental negotiations, and multilateral environmental institutions in Northeast Asia. This study argues that transboundary fine dust cooperation has been extensively entangled with national political interests and proceeded via diplomatic channels, leading to the current absence of binding agreements and policy commitments. Therefore, a steady process of de‐linking environmental cooperation and diplomatic fluctuations would be the best direction to proceed in a long‐term perspective.
A Review of Degradation Mechanisms and Recent Achievements for Na‐Ion Layered Transition Metal Oxides
Authors: Feng Jiameng , Fang De , Li Jie , Li Jianling
Published: January 2024

Due to the low price and high specific capacity, sodium ion batteries (SIBs) have become a crucial candidate for the future large‐scale energy storage power station, providing strong support for energy transition. Layered transition metal oxides (LTMOs), as one of the most promising cathode materials for SIBs, are usually accompanied by the sodiation/de‐sodiation during charging/discharging, which leads to the slippage and deformation of the layered structure, and consequently causes to the degradation of electrochemical performance. The degradation mechanisms of LTMOs attributed to the structural change are important references for improving the electrochemical performance of cathode materials. Here, this paper presents the main degradation mechanisms such as irreversible anion redox reaction, Na+/vacancy ordering transition and poor air stability as well as the corresponding modification means. It also summarizes the challenges faced by sodium‐ion LTMOs cathode materials, and gives an outlook on the key issues that need to be solved for future development.
A red fluorescent carbon dots with good water solubility for rapid detection of Al3+ in actual samples
Authors: Zhao Jingyuan , Yao Jie , Wang Yingqi , Wang Ning , Wang Jianhua
Published: January 2024

We developed a facile strategy for the fabrication of red fluorescent carbon nanodots (R‐CDs) and demonstrated their applications for Al3+ sensing. Red‐emission carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized using a simple hydrothermal treatment with citric acid and urea as precursors, manifesting intriguing red‐emission behaviour at 610 nm. With increasing Al3+ concentration, the fluorescence band at 610 nm decreased gradually. Monitoring the intrinsic fluorescence variation (I610nm), as‐prepared CDs were developed as an effective platform for fluorescent Al3+ sensing, with a linear range of 0.5–60.0 μM and a detection limit of 3.0 nM. More importantly, R‐CDs have been applied successfully to the analysis of Al3+ in actual samples with satisfactory recoveries in the range 97.12–102.05%, which indicated that obtained CDs could be implemented as an effective tool for the identification and detection of Al3+ in actual samples.
Recombinant protein expression in proteome‐reduced cells under aerobic and oxygen‐limited regimes
Authors: Lara Alvaro R. , Utrilla Jose , Martínez Luz María , Krausch Niels , Kaspersetz Lucas , Hidalgo David , Cruz‐Bournazou Nicolas , Neubauer Peter , Sigala Juan‐Carlos , Gosset Guillermo , Büchs Jochen
Published: January 2024

Industrial cultures are hindered by the physiological complexity of the host and the limited mass transfer capacity of conventional bioreactors. In this study, a minimal cell approach was combined with genetic devices to overcome such issues. A flavin mononucleotide‐based fluorescent protein (FbFP) was expressed in a proteome‐reduced Escherichia coli (PR). When FbFP was expressed from a constitutive protein generator (CPG), the PR strain produced 47% and 35% more FbFP than its wild type (WT), in aerobic or oxygen‐limited regimes, respectively. Metabolic and expression models predicted more efficient biomass formation at higher fluxes to FbFP, in agreement with these results. A microaerobic protein generator (MPG) and a microaerobic transcriptional cascade (MTC) were designed to induce FbFP expression upon oxygen depletion. The FbFP fluorescence using the MTC in the PR strain was 9% higher than that of the WT bearing the CPG under oxygen limitation. To further improve the PR strain, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex regulator gene was deleted, and the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin was expressed. Compared to oxygen‐limited cultures of the WT, the engineered strains increased the FbFP expression more than 50% using the MTC. Therefore, the designed expression systems can be a valuable alternative for industrial cultivations.
Index of Microcirculatory Resistance to predict microvascular obstruction in STEMI: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jeyaprakash Prajith , Mikhail Philopatir , Ford Thomas J. , Pathan Faraz , Berry Colin , Negishi Kazuaki
Published: January 2024

Background

Microvascular obstruction (MVO) is an independent predictor of adverse cardiac events after ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The Index of Microcirculatory Resistance (IMR) may be a useful marker of MVO, which could simplify the care pathway without the need for Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR). We assessed whether the IMR can predict MVO in STEMI patients.

Methods and Results

We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis, including articles where invasive IMR was performed post primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in addition to MVO assessment with cardiac MRI. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane databases from inception until January 2023. Baseline characteristics, coronary physiology and cardiac MRI data were extracted by two independent reviewers. The random‐effects model was used to pool the data. Among 15 articles identified, nine articles (n = 728, mean age 61, 81% male) contained IMR data stratified by MVO. Patients with MVO had a mean IMR of 41.2 [95% CI 32.4−50.4], compared to 25.3 [18.3−32.2] for those without. The difference in IMR between those with and without MVO was 15.1 [9.7−20.6]. Meta‐regression analyses demonstrated a linear relationship between IMR and TIMI grade (β = 0.69 [0.13−1.26]), as well as infarct size (β = 1.18 [0.24−2.11]) or ejection fraction at 6 months (β = −0.18 [−0.35 to −0.01]).

Conclusion

In STEMI, patients with MVO had 15‐unit higher IMR than those without. IMR also predicts key prognostic endpoints such as infarct size, MVO, and long‐term systolic function.
Automated Transition Metal Catalysts Discovery and Optimisation with AI and Machine Learning
Authors: Mace Samuel , Xu Yingjian , Nguyen Bao N.
Published: January 2024

Significant progress has been made in recent years in the use of AI and Machine Learning (ML) for catalyst discovery and optimisation. The effectiveness of ML and data science techniques was demonstrated in predicting and optimising enantioselectivity and regioselectivity in catalytic reactions through optimisation of the ligands, counterions and reaction conditions. Direct discovery of new catalysts/reactions is more difficult and requires efficient exploration of transition metal chemical space. A range of computational techniques for descriptor generation, ranging from molecular mechanics to DFT methods, have been successfully demonstrated, often in conjunction with ML to reduce computational cost associated with TS calculations. Complex aspects of catalytic reactions, such as solvent, temperature, etc., have also been successfully incorporated into the ML optimisation and discovery workflow.
Modulating Transition Metal Reactivity with Force
Authors: Duan Chenghao , Malek Jack C. , Craig Stephen L. , Widenhoefer Ross A.
Published: January 2024

The reactivity and selectivity of a transition metal catalyst is intimately related to its ligand‐sphere geometry, and, in many cases, the ideal ligand geometry for one step of a catalytic cycle is poorly matched to the ideal ligand geometry for another. For this reason, methods for reversibly modulating ligand geometry on the time scale of catalytic turnover or monomer enchainment are highly desirable. Mechanical force represents a heretofore untapped approach to modulate catalyst geometry and/or reactivity, with the potential to do so on the timescale of catalytic turnover or monomer enchainment. Macroscopic mechanical forces are large, directional and localized to an extent that differentiates them from other forms of energy input such as heat or light. In this Concept, we describe our efforts to address the fundamental challenges associated with force‐modulated transition metal catalysis by employing molecular force probe ligands comprising a stiff stilbene photoswitch tethered to rotationally flexible biaryl bisphosphine ligand. Our efforts to date include the modulation of catalytic activity through force‐mediated ligand perturbations, quantification of the force‐coupled ligand effects on the energetics of elementary organometallic transformations, and evaluation of the mechanisms of force transduction in these systems.
eDNA metabarcoding as a means to track distributions of different fish species in a protected area
Authors: Tabatabaei Seyedeh Narjes , Hashemzadeh Segherloo Iraj , Abdoli Asghar , Afzali Seyedeh Fatemeh , Normandeau Eric , Laporte Martin , Hallerman Eric M. , Bernatchez Louis
Published: January 2024

In Lar National Park (Caspian Sea basin, Iran), the Caspian trout (Salmo caspius) population faces different threats, including introduced fish species. Due to the harsh environmental conditions and limited accessibility, monitoring of fish species via conventional approaches proves difficult. Hence, environmental DNA metabarcoding may prove an appropriate tool for monitoring fishes within the park. Environmental DNA samples from eight stream sites in the National Park were sequenced via metabarcoding of the 12S rRNA gene, and the species identified via eDNA metabarcoding were compared to the results of electrofishing performed at the same localities on the same day. No significant difference in the number of Caspian Sea trout DNA sequence reads was detected among the collection sites (p > 0.05). The highest number of reads was detected in Dalichay Stream, but the highest population density determined via electrofishing was in Siahpalas Stream. The discrepancy between the eDNA read count and trout population density, as well as the limited sampling scheme within this study, limit our ability to provide a robust conclusion about the application of environmental DNA metabarcoding for assessment of fish density in Lar National Park. Environmental DNA metabarcoding detected more species than electrofishing, but no significant differences in the composition of the local fish community were observed. Introduced fish species were all observed or detected in Siahpalas Stream, which is characterized by high water temperature, muddy substrate, and lower flow rate. A significant effect of flow rate and total dissolved solids on the presence of introduced fish species (p = 0.02) and of flow rate alone on relative abundance of introduced fish species (p = 0.03) was detected. To standardize the application of eDNA metabarcoding as a biodiversity assessment tool in Lar National Park, future studies should characterize the parameters that affect eDNA persistence and detectability in the system.
Hafnium coordination vitrimer based on carboxylate exchange: synthesis, properties, and mechanistic investigations on the [Hf6O4(OH)4(O2CMe)12]2 model compound
Authors: Murali Meenu , Berne Dimitri , Daran Jean‐Claude , Bijani Christian , Manoury Eric , Leclerc Eric , Caillol Sylvain , Ladmiral Vincent , Joly‐Duhamel Christine , Poli Rinaldo
Published: January 2024

A hafnium‐based coordination vitrimer (Hf−CooAN‐10) has been prepared by carboxylate ligand exchange from [Hf6O4(OH)4(O2CMe)12]2 and poly‐((ethylhexyl methacylate)‐co‐(carboxyethyl acrylate)) (Mn = 14.4 kg mol−1, Đ = 2.2, 90 : 10 comonomer molar ratio), using a 10 % molar Hf loading with respect to the polymer maximum crosslinking capacity. The material shows high insoluble fraction and expected properties for a 3D network and has been reshaped three times at 50 °C under a 3‐ton pressure without significant property alteration. The Hf−CooAN‐10 thermomechanical and rheological properties are very similar to those previously reported for the analogous Zr−CooAN‐10. The associative nature of carboxylate exchange between the [Hf6O4(OH)4(O2CR)12] crosslinks and the polymer matrix free −COOH functions is suggested by parallel 1H NMR line‐broadening kinetic investigations of acetate exchange in the [Hf6O4(OH)4(O2CMe)12]2 precursor with free MeCOOH, the rate of which has a zero‐order dependence on [MeCOOH], and by DFT calculations on a [Hf(μ‐O2CMe)(O2CMe)2(OH)(H2O)]2 model. The results of these investigations, including the activation parameters for the exchange of both chelating and bridging ligands, are very similar to those of the previously investigated zirconium system and suggest partial acetate dissociation assisted by H‐bond formation with a (μ3‐OH) ligand as the rate‐determining step, followed by acid coordination and intramolecular proton transfer.
Thermal processing of pomegranate seed oils underscores their antioxidant stability and nutritional value: Comparison of pomegranate seed oil with sesame seed oil
Authors: Tavakoli Javad , Ghorbani Afsaneh , Hematian Sourki Abdollah , Ghani Askar , Zarei Jelyani Aniseh , Kowalczewski Przemysław Łukasz , Aliyeva Aynura , Mousavi Khaneghah Amin
Published: January 2024

In the present study, the oxidative stability and antioxidant activity of seed oils were investigated in three Iranian pomegranate cultivars, Shirin Khafr, Torsh Sabz, and Rabab, along with the sesame (Sesamum indicume L. cv Dezful) seed oil. Punicic acid was the primary fatty acid in the pomegranate seed oils, with contents ranging from 75.5 to 80.9% (w/w). The tocopherol levels in pomegranate seed oils ranged from 1439 to 2053 mg/kg, whereas the phenolics ranged from 130 to 199.3 mg/kg, respectively. Comparatively, in the seed oil of sesame “Dezful,” these substances' contents were 1053 and 79 mg/kg, respectively. Contrary to common perception, the seed oil of the three pomegranate cultivars cultivated in Iran had high oxidative stability and antioxidative activity during the 32 h of thermal processing at 170°C. The oxidation stability assayed by peroxide value, p‐anisidine value, and TOTOX index revealed that the pomegranate seed oils had a much higher resistance to the oxidation process than the sesame oil. The content of tocopherols increased during thermal processing due to the regeneration phenomenon. Tocopherols are not always free and may form a matrix with themselves or other compounds. Changes in the antioxidant activity during the thermal processing assessed by DPPH free radical scavenging power and by the FRAP test were consistent with those for the antioxidants. Therefore, these oils can be added to other edible oils as a natural antioxidant to improve their oxidative stability.
Ascorbic acid and its transporterSVCT2, affect radial glia cells differentiation in postnatal stages
Authors: Saldivia Natalia , Salazar Katterine , Cifuentes Manuel , Espinoza Francisca , Harrison Fiona E. , Nualart Francisco
Published: January 2024

Radial glia (RG) cells generate neurons and glial cells that make up the cerebral cortex. Both in rodents and humans, these stem cells remain for a specific time after birth, named late radial glia (lRG). The knowledge of lRG and molecules that may be involved in their differentiation is based on very limited data. We analyzed whether ascorbic acid (AA) and its transporter SVCT2, are involved in lRG cells differentiation. We demonstrated that lRG cells are highly present between the first and fourth postnatal days. Anatomical characterization of lRG cells, revealed that lRG cells maintained their bipolar morphology and stem‐like character. When lRG cells were labeled with adenovirus‐eGFP at 1 postnatal day, we detected that some cells display an obvious migratory neuronal phenotype, suggesting that lRG cells continue generating neurons postnatally. Moreover, we demonstrated that SVCT2 was apically polarized in lRG cells. In vitro studies using the transgenic mice SVCT2+/−and SVCT2tg(SVCT2‐overexpressing mouse), showed that decreased SVCT2 levels led to accelerated differentiation into astrocytes, whereas both AA treatment and elevated SVCT2 expression maintain the lRG cells in an undifferentiated state. In vivo overexpression of SVCT2 in lRG cells generated cells with a rounded morphology that were migratory and positive for proliferation and neuronal markers. We also examined mediators that can be involved in AA/SVCT2‐modulated signaling pathways, determining that GSK3‐β through AKT, mTORC2, and PDK1 is active in brains with high levels of SVCT2/AA. Our data provide new insights into the role of AA and SVCT2 in late RG cells.
Comparison between patients with COPD and healthy subjects on spatiotemporal, moment and kinematic parameters: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Molouki Ali , Abedi Mohsen , Roostayi Mohammad Mohsen , Khosravi Mobina , Rezaei Mehdi
Published: January 2024

Background and Aims

Chronic obstructive respiratory diseases (COPD) not only cause damage to the respiratory system as well as the heart and blood vessels of the patient but also have a direct effect on the condition of the musculoskeletal system. The risk of falling is increasing due to dysfunction of the joints as well as aging, which occurs frequently in this population. Gait deficits are known as an important risk factor for falls. This research aimed to investigate the gait of COPD patients compared to healthy people to gain a better understanding of the reasons for falls.

Methods

Twenty patients with COPD and 20 age and BMI‐matched healthy individuals were included in this study. Sixteen markers were applied to the lower body of the subjects. Spatio‐temporal, kinematic, and maximum moment parameters were measured in different phases in three lower body joints, including the hip, knee, and ankle.

Results

The results showed that all spatio‐temporal parameters in patients were significantly lower than in healthy people. The ankle angle in the sagittal plane at initial contact was significantly difference (p = 0.03). As well as, in the frontal plane the hip angle in the mid‐stance showed a significant difference (p = 0.02). There was also a significant difference in maximum hip moment in the sagittal plane between the two groups (p = 0.01).

Conclusion

The larger hip angle of the patients can be related to the balance problems in the mediolateral direction. The moment showed a significant difference in the hip joint. Since the hip muscles are directly in a synergistic relationship with the trunk muscles, it seems the performance of these muscles is likely to be seriously damaged due to respiratory diseases.
Unlocking the potential of novel RTS, S/AS01, and R21/Matrix‐M™ malaria vaccines in African nations
Authors: Oduoye Malik Olatunde , Haider Muhammad Usman , Marsool Mohammed Dheyaa Marsool , Kareem Mayowa Odunayo , Adedayo Adenike Ebunoluwa , Abdulkarim Abdulkarim Surajo , Adegoke Abdullahi Adeyemi , Kaushik Ikshwaki , Irfan Hamza , Yusuf Hassan Abdullahi , Shah Hussain Haider , Karim Karim Arif
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Mass malaria vaccination, rather than vaccinating only children below age 5, has been proven to have the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality among those vaccinated, both young and old. Addressing vaccine scepticism and misinformation is crucial in African nations to build public trust in malaria prevention. Therefore, including a wider range of demographics in vaccine trials is necessary for equitable representation and achieving herd immunity against malaria.

Aim

This present article aims to identify some of the obstacles that impede malaria vaccination usage and acceptability in African Nations in combating malaria in the region as it continues to pose a significant global public health problem.

Methodology

A literature search was done on the Malaria vaccine between 2000 and 2023. Past and present articles/studies on this topic were consulted on PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science using the following keywords; “Malaria,” “Vaccines,” “African Nations,” “Obstacles, Strategies,” and “Public Health.”

Results

The recently approved RTS, S/AS01, and R21/Matrix‐M™ Malaria vaccines have the potential to prevent numerous deaths and cases of Malaria in Africa. These vaccines Malaria vaccines are cost‐effective in African areas with moderate to high plasmodium falciparum and can be delivered through routine immunization.

Conclusion

To combat malaria effectively in African Nations, African leaders need to set up a comprehensive approach that involves; prevention, healthcare access, implementation research strategies towards adoption and acceptance of malaria vaccines in Africa as well as community engagement with the religious leaders, the market women, community heads, schools, as well as students’ union towards the willingness and acceptability of the malaria vaccines among the African populations.
Recent advances and opportunities in MXene‐based liquid crystals
Authors: Usman Ken Aldren S. , Zhang Jizhen , Marquez Kevinilo P. , Judicpa Mia Angela N. , Lynch Peter A. , Bedford Annabelle , Anasori Babak , Razal Joselito M.
Published: January 2024

The recent progress on the liquid crystalline (LC) dispersion of two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides (MXenes) has propelled this unique nanomaterial into a realm of high‐performance architectures, such as films and fibers. Additionally, compared to architectures made from typical non‐LC dispersions, those derived from LC MXene possess tunable ion transport routes and enhanced conductivity and physical properties, demonstrating great potential for a wide range of applications, such as electronic displays, smart glasses, and thermal camouflage devices. This review provides an overview of the progress achieved in the production and processing of LC MXenes, including critical discussions on satisfying the required conditions for LC formation. It also highlights how acquiring LC MXenes has broadened the current solution‐based manufacturing paradigm of MXene‐based architectures, resulting in unprecedented performances in their conventional applications (e.g., energy storage and strain sensing) and in their emerging uses (e.g., tribology). Opportunities for innovation and foreseen challenges are also discussed, offering future research directions on how to further benefit from the exciting potential of LC MXenes with the aim of promoting their widespread use in designing and manufacturing advanced materials and applications.

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High‐resolution phylogeographical surveillance of Hantaan orthohantavirus using rapid amplicon‐based Flongle sequencing, Republic of Korea
Authors: Kim Jongwoo , Park Kyungmin , Kim Kijin , Noh Juyoung , Kim Seong‐Gyu , Yang Eunyoung , Cho Hee‐Kyung , Lee Seung‐Ho , No Jin Sun , Lee Geum‐Young , Lee Daesang , Song Dong‐Hyun , Gu Se Hun , Park Man‐Seong , Cho Nam‐Hyuk , Jeong Seong Tae , Kim Won‐Keun , Song Jin‐Won
Published: January 2024

Orthohantaviruses, etiological agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome, pose a critical public health threat worldwide. Hantaan orthohantavirus (HTNV) outbreaks are particularly endemic in Gyeonggi Province in northern area of the Republic of Korea (ROK). Small mammals were collected from three regions in the Gyeonggi Province during 2017 and 2018. Serological and molecular prevalence of HTNV was 25/201 (12.4%) and 10/25 (40%), respectively. A novel nanopore‐based diagnostic assay using a cost‐efficient Flongle chip was developed to rapidly and sensitively detect HTNV infection in rodent specimens within 3 h. A rapid phylogeographical surveillance of HTNV at high‐resolution phylogeny was established using the amplicon‐based Flongle sequencing. In total, seven whole‐genome sequences of HTNV were newly obtained from wild rodents collected in Paju‐si (Gaekhyeon‐ri) and Yeoncheon‐gun (Hyeonga‐ri and Wangnim‐ri), Gyeonggi Province. Phylogenetic analyses revealed well‐supported evolutionary divergence and genetic diversity, enhancing the resolution of the phylogeographic map of orthohantaviruses in the ROK. Incongruences in phylogenetic patterns were identified among HTNV tripartite genomes, suggesting differential evolution for each segment. These findings provide crucial insights into on‐site diagnostics, genome‐based surveillance, and the evolutionary dynamics of orthohantaviruses to mitigate hantaviral outbreaks in HFRS‐endemic areas in the ROK.
Serum oxidative biomarkers associated with genital HPV infection and cervical lesions in women
Authors: Lin Hui‐Yi , Zhu Xiaodan , Mazumder Harun Or Rashid , Ronis Martin , Pedersen Kim Brint , Hagensee Michael
Published: January 2024

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major cause of cervical cancer. Studies showed HPV carcinogenesis may be induced by oxidative stress affecting the host immune system. The objective of this study is to evaluate levels of four circulating oxidative stress biomarkers associated with the HPV infection, persistence, and cervical lesion status in women. The three serum biomarkers measuring oxidative damage to biomolecules (8‐oxodG, 8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine [8‐oxodG] for DNA, 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal [4‐HNE] for lipid, and protein carbonyl [PC] for protein) and one antioxidant (glutathione, GSH) collected from 38 women were evaluated. The PC levels were significantly higher for women with oncogenic HPV infection (p = 0.047) and persistence (p = 0.053) based on the unadjusted linear model. In particular, women with ≥3 oncogenic HPV types had a higher PC level than those without HPV infection (p = 0.041). Women with low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions showed an elevated PC (p = 0.058). These trends remained similar after adjusting for age. The GSH levels were lower for women infected with ≥3 oncogenic HPV types based on age‐adjusted results (p = 0.061). This study supported that serum PC was associated with HPV infection, persistence, and cervical lesions, so it can potentially be used to monitor HPV carcinogenesis. Further large‐scale studies will be needed to confirm these findings.
Paving new roads toward the advancement of broad‐spectrum antiviral agents
Authors: Du Ruikun , Achi Jazmin G. , Cui Qinghua , Rong Lijun
Published: January 2024

Broad‐spectrum antivirals (BSAs) have the advantageous property of being effective against a wide range of viruses with a single drug, offering a promising therapeutic solution for the largely unmet need in treating both existing and emerging viral infections. In this review, we summarize the current strategies for the development of novel BSAs, focusing on either targeting the commonalities during the replication of multiple viruses or the systemic immunity of humans. In comparison to BSAs that target viral replication, these immuno‐modulatory agents possess an expanded spectrum of antiviral activity. However, antiviral immunity is a double‐edged sword, and maintaining immune homeostasis ultimately dictates the health status of hosts during viral infections. Therefore, establishing an ideal goal for immuno‐modulation in antiviral interventions is crucial. Herein we propose a bionic approach for immuno‐modulation inspired by mimicking bats, which possess a more robust immune system for combating viral invasions, compared to humans. In addition, we discuss an empirical approach to treat diverse viral infections using traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), mainly through bidirectional immuno‐modulation to restore the disrupted homeostasis. Advancing our understanding of both the immune system of bats and the mechanisms underlying antiviral TCMs will significantly contribute to the future development of novel BSAs.
Consensus on the definition and criteria for failure of surgical treatment in bacterial arthritis of a native joint: An international Delphi study
Authors: Walinga Alex B. , Janssen Stein J. , Kievit Arthur J. ,   The International Panel of Clinical Experts, de Borgie Corianne A. J. M. , Kerkhoffs Gino M. M. J.
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The literature presents a wide range of success rates for a single surgical intervention of bacterial‐septic‐arthritis, and there is a lack of clear criteria for identifying treatment failure and making decisions about reintervention. This Delphi study aims to establish a consensus among an international panel of experts regarding the definition of treatment failure and the criteria for reintervention in case of bacterial arthritis.

Methods

The conducting and reporting Delphi studies (CREDES) criteria were used. Data from a systematic review was provided as the basis for the study. A list of 100 potential experts were identified. The study was designed and conducted as follows: (I) identification and invitation of an expert panel, (II) informing the participating expert panel on the research question and subject, and (III) conducting two or three Delphi rounds to reach consensus on explicit research items. Potential criteria were rated on a five‐point Likert scale.

Results

Sixty orthopaedic experts from nine countries participated in this Delphi study, with 55 completing all three rounds. The mean experience as an orthopaedic surgeon was 15 years (SD ± 9). Strong (96%) consensus was reached on the definition of treatment failure: the persistence of physical signs of arthritis (e.g., pain and swelling) and/or systemic inflammation (e.g., fever and no improvement in CRP) despite surgical and antibiotic treatment. Furthermore, consensus (>80%) was reached on six criteria influencing the decision for reintervention; pain (81%), sepsis (98%), fever (88%), serum CRP (93%), blood culture (82%), and synovial fluid culture (84%).

Conclusion

The definition of treatment failure for bacterial arthritis after a single surgical intervention was established through a three‐round Delphi study. Additionally, consensus was reached on six criteria that are helpful for determining the need for reintervention. This definition and these criteria may help in the development of clinical guidelines, and will empower physicians to make more precise and consistent decisions regarding reintervention for patients, ultimately aiming to reduce over‐ and undertreatment and improve patient outcomes.

Level of Evidence

Level V.