bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisión crítica de la utilización del ilion para el diagnóstico de sexo en restos esqueléticos de individuos subadultos mediante técnicas morfométricas
Authors: García Mancuso Rocío , Petrone Selene , Salceda Susana A. , González Paula N.
Published: December 2018

La búsqueda de características morfológicas determinantes del sexo en restos esqueléticos de individuos subadultos ha sido una de las problemáticas recientes tratadas con mayor interés por los antropólogos físicos, forenses y bioarqueólogos. En este trabajo se revisan los puntos tomados como referencia para la determinación de sexo sobre imágenes digitales de ilion infantil. Se describen las configuraciones de landmarks y semilandmarks que representan diferentes regiones anatómicas del ilion y, analizando los datos morfológicos mediante técnicas de morfometría geométrica, se evalúan las diferencias debidas al sexo en cada una de ellas. Para la realización de este trabajo se utilizaron fotografías digitales del hueso ilíaco de 216 individuos de sexo conocido, con edades comprendidas entre el periodo fetal y los 16 años posteriores al nacimiento pertenecientes a colecciones osteológicas documentadas provenientes de Granada (España), Coimbra (Portugal), Lisboa (Portugal) y La Plata (Argentina). El análisis de las imágenes permitió confirmar la existencia de diferencias asociadas con el sexo en la morfología del ilion e identificar configuraciones de puntos que pueden reconocerse para el estudio de la variación durante el desarrollo y la expresión del dimorfismo sexual. Se encontró que el borde de la carilla auricular no evidencia diferencias dimórficas identificables en todo el período considerado. En cambio, la forma del contorno del ilion y de la escotadura ciática mayor arrojaron resultados significativos en la evaluación del dimorfismo. Se discuten las dificultades encontradas en la observación de los landmarks y se propone que la generación de definiciones específicas para diferentes grupos etarios serían útiles para la comprensión de la variación morfológica haciendo comparables los nuevos resultados.
¿En la olla o en la Luna? El conejo entre los mexicas.
Authors: Taladoire Eric
Published: December 2018

A pesar de la presencia frecuente del conejo en los mitos, en la iconografía, en el calendario y en las tradiciones aztecas, los restos de este animal resultan relativamente escasos en las excavaciones de asentamientos mexicas. ¿En qué medida esta discordancia puede explicarse precisamente por su papel en la cosmogonía? A través de un estudio de la arqueofauna y de los resultados de las excavaciones de varios sitios del México central, tratamos aquí de definir el papel de este animal en la vida cotidiana de los mexicas. 
La historia de la Flor en el “costumbre” otomí
Authors: España Soto Domingo
Published: December 2018

En este texto presentamos la historia de la Flor en el costumbre otomí, un mito que trata sobre la importancia que tiene la Luz (el Sol) en relación con la vida y fuerza misma de Dios y de los humanos, en particular de los otomíes de la Sierra Madre Oriental que habitan entre los estados de Hidalgo y Veracruz. El mito menciona que la Luz se fue y que pidió para regresar que se hiera el costumbre; que es “poner la flor” para conservar y “levantar fuerza”, para pedir y dar las gracias, por lo que se elaboran miles de ramitos para ponerlos en la Mesa (altar), en donde la música y las numerosas ofrendas se hacen necesarias para hacer peticiones de lluvia, de abundancia y salud. Mientras que en otros instantes y épocas del año, los otomíes agradecen por la “salud concedida” y las buenas cosechas. Bajo ese contexto, planteamos desarrollar una propuesta pragmática para acercamos al mito: presentar al autor-narrador del mismo, el contexto de la na-rración, el registro y la transcripción, parte del acto ritual y la exégesis local, para finalmente ver qué función tiene el mito entre los otomíes de la región de estudio. 
Poblamiento y ocupación de la Selva Central del Perú. La conquista del territorio asháninka
Authors: Vigil Nila
Published: December 2018

Este documento presenta una visión panorámica del proceso histórico de la población y ocupación de la Selva Central (comprendida entre los paralelos 10° y 14° de latitud sur y los meridianos 72° y 76° –al oeste de Greenwich–) en una extensión de aproximadamente 100 000 kilómetros cuadrados de territorio ancestralmente asháninka, pueblo indígena más numeroso de la Amazonia peruana. Se calcula que su población asciende a más de 52 000 personas. Su territorio tradicional ocupa en las últimas pendientes orientales de la Cordillera Central; en los valles de los ríos Bajo Apurímac, Ene, Tambo, Alto Ucayali, Bajo Urubamba, Perené y Pichis, en las provincias de Chanchamayo, Satipo, Oxapampa y en la Meseta del Gran Pajonal. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar al lector interesado una visión histórica de cómo se asentaron los asháninkas en el territorio amazónico y cómo han perdido terreno a lo largo de los contactos con la civilización blanca y mestiza. 

 
Las nueve reencarnaciones de Matlatzinco. Comentarios acerca de la estructura del altepetl y un intento más de acomodar el rompecabezas terminológico matlatzinca
Authors: Borejsza Aleksander
Published: December 2018

Mucho antes de que los etnógrafos, lingüistas, historiadores y arqueólogos los descubrieran como objeto de estudio, los matlatzincas del centro y occidente de México cargaban ya con el estigma de una cultura en vías de extinción, marginada o asimilada por vecinos más poderosos. El pasado más remoto de los hablantes del idioma matlatzinca se divisa con mucha dificultad a través de fuentes escritas en náhuatl o en español, o de exploraciones arqueológicas. Aunque existen ya varios trabajos académicos destacados sobre el tema, el grupo de investigadores que se acercan a lo matlatzinca –dentro de la misma generación y la misma disciplina– sigue siendo muy reducido. En consecuencia, los estudios matlatzincas pocas veces se benefician de un vigoroso debate público e interdisciplinario. El artículo de Nadine Béligand “El señorío matlatzinca: una manera de abordar el altepetl”, dado a conocer el 15 de noviembre 2016 en las páginas de la revista electrónica Americae es sintómatico de esta situación, ya que tropieza con el problema de la renuencia de la autora a situar sus argumentos en el marco de la historiografía existente del Valle de Toluca, en particular la obra publicada de René García Castro. La tesis de una usurpación profunda e irreversible del poder señorial matlatzinca a raíz de las conquistas por parte de los imperios tenochca y español es exagerada y descansa en una serie de errores de apreciación menores, en cuanto a la identidad de ciertos lugares y personajes que pueblan las páginas de la historia política del Valle de Toluca en los siglos xv y xvi. Mis desacuerdos con Béligand tienen raíces más profundas en la literatura académica regional, pero éstas no han sido objeto de un debate explícito. Es por ello que aprovecho la crítica de este trabajo específico como un punto de partida para contrastar y enmendar algunas reconstrucciones previas de los patrones de asentamiento con base en fuentes documentales y arqueológicas, así como para proponer un delineamiento más puntual de las acepciones de las palabras matlatzinca y Matlatzinco tal como se refieren a personas, lugares o cosas.

 
Patrick Williams, De eso no hablamos. Los vivos y los muertos entre los manuches,
Authors: Piasere Leonardo
Published: December 2018

La primera vez que leí este libro era aún un manuscrito, y lo vi como una obra maestra. Cuando Williams me anunció que su libro había sido rechazado por los primeros editores que contactó, dije, “entonces este libro es verdaderamente una obra maestra”. Hoy día estoy convencido de que continúa siendo una obra maestra. Ahora, ¿cómo se puede hablar de una obra maestra sin violentarla? 
ANÁLISE DOS REGISTROS DE 61 ANOS DE DADOS DE TEMPERATURAS NO MUNICÍPIO DE SEROPÉDICA, RJ, BRASIL.
Authors: Espíndola Cléber Barreto , Alvim Gilmara Ferreira , Pereira Wagner de Souza
Published: December 2018

O assunto “aquecimento global” tem ganhado proporções cada vez maiores no mundo, de forma que, independentemente da sua origem (natural ou antropogênico), deve-se levar em consideração que ele está ocorrendo de fato e poderá causar impactos em diversos ecossistemas do planeta. Este trabalho analisa estatisticamente os dados referentes às temperaturas mínimas, máximas e médias e temperaturas absolutas disponibilizados pela Estação Agrícola de Seropédica-RJ, registradas entre os anos de 1941 a 2001. Foi estudada a média das temperaturas mínimas, máximas e médias para os períodos de 41 a 50, de 51 a 60 de 61 a 70, de 71 a 80, de 81 a 90 e de 91 a 2001 e retirada a normal climática do período como um todo. Apesar de, aparentemente, apresentar alterações mínimas, os resultados obtidos nos mostram que a temperatura está de fato, aumentando. Fato que se pôde comprovar na diferença da média do primeiro período e do último estudado que revela a elevação 1,73 ºC na média das temperaturas mínimas, a elevação de 0,49 ºC na média das máximas e de 1,11 ºC de diferença entre as temperaturas médias, porém mais estudos são necessários para comprovar os verdadeiros efeitos desta mudança na biota e no ecossistema local.
”Dem der siger, at det ikke kan lade sig gøre, skal lade vær’ med at afbryde os, der allerede er i gang”
Authors: Digmann Annemette , Nielsen Anne Meta , Ejlersen Lene Sick
Published: December 2018

I denne artikel peger forfatterne på, hvorfor samskabelse mellem borgere og systemer (f.eks. kommuner) er vanskeligt, både når initiativet til samskabelsen kommer fra borgerne og fra systemet. Forfatterne beskriver i artiklen et eksempel på en innovation på handicapområdet, hvor to ansatte var nødt til at forlade deres ansættelse i kommunen for – sammen med borgerne - at gennemføre de udviklingshæmmedes drøm om et meningsfuldt arbejdsliv. Det initiativ førte megen læring med sig for alle involverede. Læring, der kan overføres til andre områder, hvor samskabelse mellem borger og system er i fokus. I artiklen beskrives den værdi, initiativet medførte på mange forskellige niveauer; hvilke barrierer der skulle overvindes undervejs, og hvilken læring initiativet afstedkom. Artiklen sluttes af med nogle anbefalinger til, hvordan den nødvendige samskabelsesdagsorden kan blive reel og værdiskabende for alle parter.
Peningkatan Kepercayaan Nasabah Tabungan Mudharabah melalui Pendekatan Syariah Marketing, Service Excellence, dan Reputasi
Authors: Halimah Anis
Published: December 2018

Customer trust is one of the keys for BMT to raise funds in Mudharaba savings. Many factors to influence the trust of these customers. Among them are sharia marketing, service excellence and reputation. This study analyzes the influence of the three factors on customer trust to save their fund in mudharaba savings. This research collected interview results to 75 Customer Mudharaba savings in BMT Zam Zam Sragen with questionnaire. The data had been analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS for Windows Release 23.0. The results show that Customer Trust to save in Mudharabah savings is positively and significantly affected by sharia marketing and service excellence and reputation. The research gives a contribution to (a) academician; as an evidence of theory, (b) BMT; information to analyze the factors that affect Costumer Trust to save their fund in Mudharaba savings.
A formação socioeconômica da região Oeste de Santa Catarina – uma narrativa acerca de franjas e retalhos da identidade regional
Authors: Renk Arlene , Winckler Silvana
Published: December 2018

O texto aborda as transformações socioeconômicas da Região Oeste Catarinense, enfatiza relacionalmente os processos sociais que construíram e seguem construindo os eventos econômicos na região. Mostra as heterogeneidades de processos, e a erosão da economia substantiva com a instituição da economia formal, a substituição das formas solidárias de trabalho pelo assalariamento e a consolidação desta. Aponta a transformação da agricultura e a instalação da agroindústria. Como não poderia deixar de ser, também o meio ambiente do trabalho, principalmente nas grandes indústrias, mostra a outra face de Jano, com o adoecimento e as lesões que afetam os trabalhadores. Por fim, registra-se o ingresso da mão de obra Kaingang e de haitianos e senegalês no contexto regional.
O Museu de Favela e a produção do espaço no Pavão-Pavãozinho e Cantagalo (Rio de Janeiro/RJ)
Authors: Portilho Aline Dos Santos
Published: December 2018

O artigo apresenta reflexões sobre as “práticas espacializantes” desenvolvidas por sujeitos mobilizados em torno do Museu de Favela (MUF). Serão tomadas como fontes para a análise as representações instituídas no livro “Circuito das Casas-Tela, caminhos de vida no Museu de Favela” (2012). Dialogando com os trabalhos de Michel De Certeau (2011) e Benedict Anderson (2008), procura-se, a partir dos conceitos de “espaço” e “comunidades imaginadas”, problematizar as maneiras pelas quais estes sujeitos, ao cooperarem para a proposição de ações de resgate e registro de memórias dos moradores e das favelas, acabam por desencadear práticas que fazem daquele lugar, espaço, propondo também novas imaginações para aquela comunidade.
Effect of automated messaging on oral hygiene in adolescent orthodontic patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ross Mike C. , Campbell Phillip M. , Tadlock Larry P. , Taylor Reginald W. , Buschang Peter H.
Published: December 2018

Objective:

To determine whether automated text messages sent daily to adolescent orthodontic patients improves oral hygiene more than weekly reminders.

Materials and Methods:

A blinded, prospective, randomized controlled trial was designed to evaluate the effects of automated messages on oral hygiene. Subjects were recruited from patients undergoing orthodontic treatment at the Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics. They were being treated with a variety of fixed full appliances in both arches. Subjects were randomly assigned to either a once-a-week text message group or a daily text message group. There were 52 females and 27 males who were 12 to 17 years of age. Oral hygiene was measured at the beginning of the study and again 8.6 ± 0.9 weeks later.

Results:

The daily reminder group (N = 42) had significantly greater improvements in oral hygiene compliance than the weekly reminder group (N = 37). The daily score decreases were 48%, 21% and 19% for the bleeding index (BI), plaque index (PI), and gingival index (GI), respectively. The weekly score decreases were 27%, 14% and 13% for the BI, PI, and GI. There were no sex differences in hygiene changes during the study. The 42% of patients who completed the survey at the end of the study wanted more frequent messages and reported that messages related to decreasing treatment time were the most effective, while those related to oral hygiene were the least effective.

Conclusions:

Daily text messages are more effective at improving oral hygiene than weekly text messages.
A Simple Method for Treating Subgingival Class V Lesions
Authors: Giachetti L
Published: December 2018

Noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs) are steadily increasing. Unfortunately, NCCL restorations represent one of the less durable types of restorations due to problems, including isolation and crevicular moisture control, especially in cases where the cervical margin is covered by soft tissue. This article presents a technique that allows us, through the use of a common metallic matrix, to isolate and make accessible class V cavities with intrasulcular cervical margins. The advantages and disadvantages of the technique are presented.
As línguas, os projetos europeus e a abertura à interculturalidade
Authors:   Escola Secundária Dr. Jorge Augusto Correia de Tavira, Matias Ana Cristina Simão
Published: December 2018

If mastering communicative skills is a means of reaching others, whether they share or not the same cultural background, and knowing foreign languages is an added value for mutual understanding and acceptance, getting involved in European projects is an excellent opportunity to have students broaden their knowledge of one or more foreign languages in real-life contexts and to enhance intercultural skills. Therefore, the core of our paper is in sharing learning experiences provided by European projects and giving account of a workshop of continuing professional development for teachers addressing transdisciplinar and intercultural learning.
Lídia Jorge, quando os contos breves fazem os sonhos longos…
Authors:   Universidade do Algarve, Gonçalves Artur Henrique Ribeiro
Published: December 2018

La obra de Lidia Jorge se reparte por la novela, cuento, drama, poesía y ensayo, con calidad reconocida dentro y fuera de las fronteras nacionales. En esta reseña, se privilegia la capacidad de transformar un cuento corto en un sueño largo, concretado en la imaginación de lo indefinido, del deseo y de la inocencia. Se hace un rápido paso por los universos habitados por los héroes de los cuentos. Personajes de tinta trazada en libros de papel y personas con sangre en las venas, protagonistas de historias simuladas escritas con letra de molde y de historias verdaderas subrayadas con precisión milimétrica en la condición humana. Todas estas micro narrativas fueron tareas en situación de clase, sobre todo en los cursos de primero y segundo grados en Educación Básica, a lo largo de 30 años de transformaciones, perennidades e innovaciones.
Experiencia piloto en asignatura de literatura para maestros: Grabación de un cuento para un programa de radio
Authors:   CEU Cardenal Spínola – Universidad de Sevilla, Hoster Beatriz , Mena-Bernal María Inmaculada
Published: December 2018

A university didactic experience for the training of teachers is analyzed. A new strategy is implemented to increase the degree of motivation of students in their reading training and to promote awareness of the importance of empathizing with children's emotions as mediators between literature and children. The traditional activity on expressive reading of stories is replaced by a project that consists of choosing a story, preparing an expressive reading, recording and creating a script for the realization of a real radio space on children's literature and values, in which children from a school talk in assembly after the audition.
Revisitar o passado na Quinta da Penha
Authors:   Universidade do Minho, Varela de Freitas Cândido
Published: December 2018

Celebrating the 30 years of the Department of Languages, Literatures and Cultures of the School of Education and Communication of the University of Algarve, I remember the first years of life of the institution, at the time School of Education of the Polytechnic Institute of Faro, of which I was a member of the Steering Committee. Built in the still-troubled times of the post-25th of April, there were difficulties in the execution of the agenda that was delivered to us: building the buildings, selecting teachers, defining the profile of the teachers to educate, establishing the courses curricula. In an attempt to preserve the memory of those who helped building the school, the names of those who were linked to the process, during the first six years of life, are remembered.
Enseñanza, correcciones y asimilación de rasgos culturales en lengua inglesa a través del aprendizaje cooperativo
Authors:   Universidad de Sevilla, Hunt-Gómez Coral Ivy
Published: December 2018

Le travail suivant présente la méthodologie que nous avons utilisé au sein de la matière « Analyse et production de textes en langue anglaise et éducation interculturelle » de la mention d’anglais du diplôme universitaire d’Education Primaire de l’Université de Séville. Les principaux piliers de cette méthode de travail sont l’évaluation de groupe, l’autocorrection et la coopération entre pairs. Une de ses plus grandes réussites est de permettre aux étudiants de se familiariser avec les aspects socio-culturels propres à la culture anglo-saxonne, ce qui, sans aucun doute, sera bénéfique à leur future pratique en tant qu’enseignants. Pendant les 9 sessions, les groupes formés ont dû réaliser une présentation à l’aide de diapositives en se focalisant sur un aspect socioculturel concret, dans le cas présent, du Royaume-Uni. Les thèmes suggérés furent les suivants: géographie, histoire, système politique, système éducatif, système judiciaire, économie, langue et traditions, musique et folklore et pour finir, le rôle du Royaume-Uni dans l’Union-Européenne. Les étudiants devaient se mettre d’accord pour attribuer eux-mêmes les thèmes aux différents groupes puis construire un exposé à l’aide de diapositives dans laquelle ils comparaient le thème choisi avec le thème similaire en Espagne. La présentation comprenait une table des matières et un résumé. Tous les exposés ont été faits en langue anglaise dans le but que les étudiants pratiquent et améliorent leurs compétences à l’oral. La seconde partie de la méthodologie consiste à faire en sorte que les étudiants soient capables de faire des critiques constructives et qu’ils puissent attribuer collectivement les notes aux différents groups. Tout d’abord, nous avons transmis aux étudiants quelques consignes sur les critiques constructives, l’importance de faire ressortir les aspects positifs et de suggérer des améliorations. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les étudiants se sentent plus motivés lorsqu’ils font leurs exposés face à leurs pairs, que lorsqu’ils font des recherches, ils assimilent davantage les connaissances et cela favorise l’auto-apprentissage, qu’ils apprennent ainsi à faire des suggestions, des critiques comme à les accepter et, enfin, que leurs compétences en langue anglaise et leur capacité à parler en public s’améliorent.
A multi-method approach to research language practices amongst foreign residents in the Algarve
Authors:   Universidade do Algarve, Ribeiro Filipa Perdigão , Torkington Kate
Published: December 2018

O Censos de 2011 indica que cerca de 13% de população residente no Algarve é estrangeira e dois terços destes estrangeiros provêm de países do norte da Europa e de países do leste da Europa. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever criticamente o nosso processo de pesquisa com base na aplicação de uma metodologia mista com recurso a vários instrumentos (questionários, entrevistas e análise da paisagem linguística) para explorar os usos da(s) língua(s) no quotidiano destes residentes, aferir os contextos de prática e o conhecimento da língua portuguesa destas comunidades e o valor simbólico e instrumental atribuído ao conhecimento da língua portuguesa.
A formação do português como segunda língua estrangeira para ensino professores do secundário no programa «José Saramago»: O caso do CEP «Huelva-Isla Cristina»
Authors:   Universidad de Extremadura, Rodríguez Miranda Francisco de Paula , Silván Muñoz Minervina
Published: December 2018

Para obtener una formación de calidad es necesario desarrollar nuevas propuestas de formación que nos ayuden a resolver las carencias presentes en los programas de formación continua de los docentes. El Centro de Profesores (CEP) «Huelva-Isla Cristina» activó una formación como respuesta a las solicitudes y a la participación del profesorado en el programa «José Saramago». Estos docentes imparten portugués como 2ª lengua extranjera siendo profesores, no especialistas de la materia. En este sentido, los docentes precisaban de una formación metodológica para impartir PLE y adoptaron el Trabajo por Proyectos. El curso on-line fue organizado en bloques de contenidos, y tuvo como lengua vehicular el portugués tanto en los materiales como en las videoconferencias mantenidas con docentes de la Escuela Superior de Educación y Comunicación de la Universidad del Algarbe. Finalmente, se presentan varias reflexiones sobre las ventajas y las dificultades sentidas en el desarrollo de la formación, sobre los recursos necesarios para el diseño de los materiales didácticos y sobre la inmersión lingüística y cultural básica para el buen desempeño de su trabajo educativo.
Um Estudo sobre a Leitura e os Estilos de Aprendizagem com o DidaktosOnline
Authors:   Universidade do Algarve, Orega Maria Isabel
Published: December 2018

This paper presents a case study on reading comprehension in English as a Foreign Language using the virtual learning environment DidaktosOnLine (Moreira & Pedro, 2006). DidaktosOnLine is a hypermedia system that implements the principles of Cognitive Flexibility Theory (Spiro et al. 1987, 1990.The documents studied integrated a reading comprehension project on Britain and the British. Two groups of students of the Media Studies degree of the School of Education and Communication of the University of Algarve participated in the study that took place on two subsequent academic years. The participants were characterized according to several criteria, among which the focus on learning styles took special relevance. The learning styles instrument used in the study was the Ehrman & Leaver Learning Styles questionnaire (2002). Students were classified according to ten sub-scales, which provide a detailed learner profile. The focus on learning styles aimed at understanding whether the potential benefits for comprehending texts, organized as projects in DidaktosOnLine, vary or are enhanced according to the learning styles of the students.
A (re)organização do espaço da escrita na sala de atividades de um jardim de infância
Authors:   Universidade do Algarve, Tavares Érica Simão , Horta Maria Helena
Published: December 2018

This work is an integral part of the report on the Supervised Teaching Practice of the Master's Degree in Pre-School Education at the University of Algarve's Higher School of Education and Communication, whose original title is «The (re) organization of writing space in the activity room: the awakening of interest in written language in a group of 2 and 3 years» and was held in the school year 2016/2017. The research was carried out in a private kindergarten in Faro where, with a group of 15 children, between 2 and 3 years of age, it was intended to (re)organize the writing space with the objective of awakening them to this kind of language, always having the playful aspect as a reference.
Implementasi PKM Kelompok Petani Organik di Desa Wonorejo Kecamatan Poncokusumo Kabupaten Malang yang Menghadapi Masalah Fungisida
Authors: Budiyanto Moch Agus Krisno , . Muizzudin , . Husamah , Permana Fendy Hardaian
Published: December 2018

Petani yang menerapkan pertanian organik masih mengalami permasalahan terkait pengetahuan tentang pembuatan dan penggunaan fungisida organik, sehingga perlu dilakukan kegiatan Program Kemitraan Masyarakat (PKM). PKM ini bertujuan memberikan pendampingan kepada mitra sehingga terjadi perbaikan dalam hal, (1) penguasaan metode pembuatan fungisida organik anggota kelompok petani organik yang menjadi mitra dan (2) menguasai metode penggunaan fungisida organik anggota kelompok petani organik yang menjadi mitra. Mitra PKM adalah Kelompok Tani Sumber Urip-I dan Kelompok Tani Sumber Urip-II, Desa Wonorejo Kecamatan Poncokusumo Kabupaten Malang. Jumlah anggota kelompok tani yang terlibat sebanyak 20 petani. Metode pelaksanaan PKM terdiri dari 2 kegiatan utama, yaitu sebagai berikut: 1) Pelatihan pembuatan fungisida organik dari bahan baku lokal dan 2) Pelatihan dan pendampingan penggunaan fungisida organik. Melalui serangkaian kegiatan pelatihan dan pendampingan dan setelah dilakukan pretest, posttest, dan observasi, maka: 1) semua anggota (100%) mitra PKM telah menguasai metode pembuatan fungisida organik dan 2) semua anggota (100%) mitra PKM telah menguasai penggunaan dan mampu meningkatkan produksi fungisida organik. Indikator keberhasilan yang digunakan adalah 80% Mitra PKM dapat melakukan produksi dan penggunaan fungisida organik dengan baik
Imagined, remembered, gendered
Authors: Karjalainen Noora
Published: December 2018

This article examines the narratives of cosy other in the media representations of folk singers Julie Fowlis, Muireann Nic Amhlaoibh, Emily Portman, and Kate Rusby. I argue that the concept of cosy otherness derives from that of the internal other, but unlike it and the conventional post-colonial other, the cosy other is not ominous, competing, and negative, but something charming and unthreateningly different with singular cultural traits. 

Here, the narratives of cosy other combine the narratives of origins, authenticity, and performance, which in turn are connected in the active processes of remembering and premediation, and construct the four singers as nostalgic, authentic, and feminine in the media. Thus, the concept of the cosy other is also built on remembering, the process of premediation within it, and cultural memory with its individual and collective levels affecting each other and working together in the process.

The aim of the study is to examine how the female folk singers are constructed as the cosy other in the media. The article endeavours to define the concept, to show how the narrative of cosy other is shaped, and to find out how cultural memory, remembering, and premediation work in this construction process. The theoretical framework of the paper is based on the concept of centre versus periphery (Chapman 1994), strategies of assimilation and projection in diminishing the threat of the other (Middleton 2000), discussions about the internal other (Bohlman 2000; O’Flynn 2014; Gelbart 2007), and studies on the concept of cultural memory (Erll 2009, 2011; Keightley & Pickering 2012).
Suuren yleisön soittorasiat
Authors: Hellman Heikki , Vilkko Arto
Published: December 2018

Suomessa on kolme suurta valtavirtayleisön radioasemaa, joiden yhteenlaskettu kuunteluosuus muodostaa lähes puolet kaikesta radion kuuntelusta. Artikkeli vertailee Radio Suomen, Radio Novan ja Radio Suomipopin musiikkitarjontaa vuosina 2013 ja 2017 ja analysoi, miten niiden musiikkivalinnat poikkeavat toisistaan ja mitä soittolistat kertovat niiden tavasta puhutella kohdeyleisöjään. Artikkeli nojaa kilpailuasemaa ja markkinoiden luonnetta koskevaan teoriaan, jota tässä sovelletaan radion ohjelmistoa koskevaan kilpailuun. Artikkeli kehittelee asemien soittolistojen ominaisuuksia ja erottumista kuvaavia määrällisiä mittareita ja osoittaa niiden avulla, että tarkastellut asemat poikkeavat yhteisestä musikkiformaatistaan huolimatta merkittävästi toisistaan – jopa niin, etteivät ne näytä lainkaan kilpailevan samoista kuuntelijoista.
Muistettu ja unohdettu musiikki
Authors: Välisalo Tanja , Karonen Petri
Published: December 2018

Nuorten 1980-luvun musiikkikulttuureja ovat leimanneet mielikuvat kaupallisuudesta, pinnallisuudesta ja värikkäistä musiikkivideoista. Tutkimuksellisen kiinnostuksen kohteena ovat puolestaan olleet erityisesti erilaiset musiikilliset alakulttuurit. 1980-luvun nuoriso- ja musiikkikulttuurien suuret linjat ovat kuitenkin jääneet vielä tutkimukselliseen paitsioon. Tässä artikkelissa aikakauden nuorisomusiikkikulttuurien keskeisiä piirteitä hahmotellaan ristiinvalottamalla aikakautta kahden eri aineistokokonaisuuden, muistelukirjoitusten ja levymyyntitilastojen kautta. Aikakaudella nuoruuttaan eläneiden muistoja kerättiin Niin kasaria! -muistitietokeruulla yhteistyössä Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seuran ja Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finlandin kanssa, ja vastauksia saatiin yhteensä 107. Kahden erilaisen lähdeaineiston rinnakkain käyttö tarjoaa myös metodisesti kiinnostavan esimerkin eri aineistolajien vertailusta.

 

Muistitietoaineiston tarkastelu kertoo, että kaupallisesti menestyneimmät, albumimyyntilistojen kärjessä 1980-luvulla olleet laulajat ja yhtyeet eivät yksin hallitse aikakauteen liittyviä musiikkimuistoja. Mainittujen musiikkiartistien määrä ja kirjo ovat suuria – mainituista 698 artistista alle puolet mainitaan vähintään kahdessa eri vastauksessa, joten merkittävä osa on vain yhden vastaajan muisteluissa. Koko muistelijajoukolle yhteisesti merkittäviä artisteja oli suhteessa varsin vähän: vain 29 artistia mainittiin vähintään kymmenessä muistelukirjoituksessa. Nämä luvut kertovat muistelijoille merkityksellisen musiikin laajasta kirjosta ja musiikin lähteiden moninaisuudesta. Vaikka muistelun kohteena on 1980-luku, niin itse kuunneltu musiikki oli peräisin paljon laajemmalta ajanjaksolta. Aineistojen vertailu paljastaa myös, että alueelliset ja kielierot saattoivat vaikuttaa merkittävästi musiikin kuunteluun: ruotsinkielisten länsirannikolla asuneiden muistelijoiden musiikkimaisema poikkeaa selvästi muualla asuvien suomenkielisten muistoista.
NITROGEN FIXING BACTERIA AZOTOBACTER AS BIOFERTILIZER AND BIOCONTROL IN LONG BEAN
Authors: Hindersah Reginawanti , Kalay Marthin , Talahaturuson Abraham , Lakburlawal Yansen
Published: December 2018

Azotobacter is Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria through the mechanism of nitrogen fixation and phytohormon production but this rhizobacteria has a role to control plant diseases. The objective of experiment was to evaluate the activity of Azotobacter as biofertilizers as well as biocontrol on long bean cultivation in damping off endemic land in Ambon city, Maluku Province. The field experiment was arranged in completely randomized block design. Inoculation of long bean by Azotobacter has been done by seed inoculation, soil inoculation before planting, and plant inoculation. Plants treated with Azotobacter received fertilizer NPK of ¾ or ½ dosage recommendation while control plants were received 100% NPK. Research showed that no differences between yield of long bean inoculated with Azotobacter sp +reduced doses of NPK with that of control plants. Any application method of Azotobacter inoculation lowered damping off diseases incidence significantly until 10 days after planting, but no effect of inoculation on late blight at 21 days after planting. This study confirmed that Azotobacter has dual activity to reduce the dose of NPK fertilizer and control damping off.
Pengembangan Media Audio Visual dan Alat Peraga dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep dan Pemecahan Masalah
Authors: Nomleni Fransina Thresiana , Manu Theodora Sarlotha Nirmala
Published: December 2018

The purpose of the research is to produce teaching material of props from scrap materials for system human feasible and practical to be used as a medium of learning in enhancing students' understanding of the concept. The type of research was research and development. ADDIE model used in this reseach contained: 1) Analysis 2) Design 3) Development 4) Implementation and 5) Evaluation. Questionnaire and tests were used as the instruments in data collection. The data analysis in questionnaire forms were statistically using percentage and t test. Pre-test and Post test designed into two groups. Based on the evaluation from the content experts, the value of the material was 82%, 92.85% for instructional media, while instructional design was 87.5%. For the small group the media, it reached up to 84.25%, the field pre-experimment group was 87.89%, while the use of user guide was 87.5%, 85% of instructional media experts, instructional design experts 79.17 %%, the small group bievaluation 84.25%, compared to the experiment group in big number was 86.44%. the result for evaluation of the props materials used were catagorized as excellent. It means t-test for the use of teaching material was equal to 3,586 with sig. of α = 0.005, t = 2.704. The value of t arithmetic less than t table (3.586> 2.704). It was said that the props of scrap materials improved students' understanding of the concept. The indicator for the concepts include memorizing, understanding, and applied to show that there was increasing in the value of the pre-test and post-test the student.
Persepsi Orangtua terhadap Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Pratiwi Dea Sita
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this study was to find out how the parent's perception of early childhood education in RW 01 Dukuh Krajan, Salatiga. The design is descriptive quantitative with the subject of research that is parents who have children aged 3-5 years, amounting to 58 people. Data on parental perceptions are collected through a questionnaire and then will be classified according to the level of parental education, income level of parents, parents who have sent their children and parents who have not send their children to school in early childhood. The result of questionnaire of parents perception in level of education S1 and S2 in good category (50%), SMA / SMK is in Good category (36,11%) and SMP is in Enough category (50%). The calculation of the value of the questionnaire according to the parent's income level (a) in the category of Good (33.33%) and Less (33.33%), income (b) is in Good category (41.67%) and income ( c) is in the category of Very Good (57.14%). Then based on parents who have sent their children to school is in Good category (52,38%), perception of parents who have not yet send their child to PAUD is in Enough category (37,84%).
Musculação e emagrecimento: algo possível?
Authors: Janovits Ricardo De Albuquerque , Magalhães Thiago Camargo de , Neves Felipe Romero Lopes , Hirota Vinicius Barroso
Published: December 2018

A obesidade é um dos principais problemas de saúde nos países em desenvolvimento e industrializados, podendo ser caracterizada como uma doença na qual há o excesso de Massa Corporal Total (MCT) em forma de tecido adiposo (gordura). De acordo com dados publicados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), no Brasil, a ocorrência de obesidade é de 12,4% em homens e 16,9% em mulheres e que o sobrepeso atinge metade dos adultos em todas as regiões do país. Pessoas obesas apresentam uma maior probabilidade de desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares, câncer, dislipidemia e cardiopatias.
Suplementação de cafeína e TeaCrina® em atletas de futebol feminino de elite
Authors: França Elias De , Santana Jeferson Oliveira , Dias Igor Roberto , Rossetti Marcelo , Hirota Vinicius Barroso , Caperuto Érico Chagas
Published: December 2018

A cafeína é conhecida por melhorar o foco, retardar a fadiga e melhora tempo de reação. A teacrina é um metabólico da cafeína, alguns estudos sugerem que esta molécula também exerce os mesmos efeitos ergogênicos atribuídos à cafeína. O futebol exerce grande estresse metabólico induzindo a fadiga periférica e central, no final do jogo atletas se demonstram mais cansados, com falta de foco, queda na performance técnica e com queda acentuado nos sprint. O objetivo deste estudo é verificar o efeito da suplementação aguda de cafeína e teacrina em parâmetros de foco, tempo de reação, velocidade e técnica em de atletas de futebol de elite em estado de fadiga.
Analytic performance evaluation of a veterinary-specific ELISA for measurement of serum cortisol concentrations of dogs
Authors: Lane Michael B. , Flatland Bente , Olin Shelly J. , Fecteau Kellie A. , Rick Markus , Giori Luca
Published: December 2018

OBJECTIVE To investigate the precision of an ELISA for measurement of serum cortisol concentration (SCC) in dogs, assess agreement between this ELISA and 2 validated chemiluminescence assays (CLAs), and evaluate the clinical implications of any bias associated with this ELISA when measuring SCC in dogs.

DESIGN Evaluation study.

SAMPLE 75 stored, frozen serum samples from client-owned dogs.

PROCEDURES Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay precision was evaluated by measuring SCC of pooled serum samples. Agreement with standard methods was evaluated with Spearman rank correlation, Passing-Bablok regression, and Bland-Altman analysis to compare SCCs obtained with the ELISA and the 2 CLAs. An error grid was used to evaluate identified bias.

RESULTS Within-laboratory coefficients of variation for pooled serum samples with low, medium, and high SCCs were 21.4%, 28.9%, and 13.0%, respectively. There was a high correlation between ELISA results (for all samples combined) and results of the 2 CLAs (CLA 1, r = 0.96; CLA 2, r = 0.97), but constant and proportional biases between the ELISA and CLAs were present at all concentrations. Clinically important disagreement between ELISA results and CLA results occurred in 16 of 63 (25%) samples, particularly with low and high SCCs.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that the rate of clinical disagreement between the ELISA and CLAs was sufficiently high to recommend that equivocal results obtained with the ELISA be confirmed by a reference laboratory. Further evaluation of analytic performance of the ELISA should focus on samples with very high and very low SCCs.
Trichinella spiralis: impact on the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene during the intestinal phase of experimental trichinellosis
Authors: Wojtkowiak-Giera Agnieszka , Wandurska-Nowak Elżbieta , Derda Monika , Jankowska Wiesława , Jagodziński Paweł P. , Hadaś Edward
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a key role in the rapid activation of the innate immune response to a variety of pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Trichinella spiralis infection on the level of expression of the tlr4 gene in mouse intestines during the intestinal phase of experimental trichinellosis.

Material and Methods: The experimental material consisted of the small and large intestines of BALB/c mice infected with Trichinella spiralis sampled at 4, 8, and 16 days post infection (dpi).

Results: A statistically significant increase was demonstrated in the tlr4 mRNA level isolated from the infected mice jejunum at 4, 8, and 16 dpi over the uninfected control. Moreover, at 4, 8, and 16 dpi in the jejunum of infected mice, a strong positive reaction for the presence of TLR4 protein compared with that of uninfected mice was observed.

Conclusion: Infection with T. spiralis changes the expression of the tlr4 gene in the small intestine of the mouse host.
Development of a new RT-PCR with multiple primers for detecting Southern African Territories foot-and-mouth disease viruses
Authors: Liu Ya-Li , Ding Yao-Zhong , Dai Jun-Fei , Ma Bing , He Ji-Jun , Ma Wei-Min , Lv Jian-Liang , Ma Xiao-Yuan , Ou Yun-Wen , Wang Jun , Liu Yong-Sheng , Chang Hui-Yun , Wang Yong-Lu , Zhang Qiang , Liu Xiang-Tao , Zhang Yong-Guang , Zhang Jie
Published: December 2018

Introduction: The extremely high genetic variation and the continuously emerging variants of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) of Southern African Territory (SAT) serotypes including SAT1, SAT2, and SAT3 make it necessary to develop a new RT-PCR for general use for monitoring viruses based on the updated genome information.

Material and Methods: A FMDV SAT-D8 one-step RT-PCR was established based on the 1D2A2B genes of the SAT serotype viruses with a multiplex primer set. FMDV A, O, C, and Asia 1 serotypes, other vesicular disease viruses, inactivated SAT viruses, and 125 bovine, ovine, caprine and porcine tissue samples collected from the Chinese mainland were included for evaluating the assay.

Results: The new RT-PCR was proven to be specific without cross-reactions with Eurasian FMDV, swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV), Seneca valley virus (SVV), or other common viral pathogens of cattle, sheep, goat, and pig. An around 257 bp-sized amplicon clearly appeared when the inactivated SAT viruses were detected. However, all 125 samples collected from FMDV-susceptible animals from the Chinese mainland which has not known SAT epidemics showed negative results.

Conclusions: A FMDV SAT-D8 one-step RT-PCR is a promising method for primary screening for FMDV SAT serotypes.
Rhetorical meaning
Authors: Schmerling Susan F.
Published: December 2018

This paper introduces rhetorical meaning to semantic theory; we use the term by analogy to tropes like metonymy in classical rhetoric, which yields ‘the American president’ fromthe White House—that is, it substitutes one referential meaning for another. Here we focus on two rhetorical meanings:intensificationandattenuation. Intensification is expressed in English and many other languages by total reduplication (an old old man); attenuation is exemplified by Spanish ‘synthetic’ diminutive forms (hombrecito‘little man’; cf.hombre‘man’) and English and French ‘analytic’ formations (My Little Chickadee(film);petit caporal‘Little Corporal’ (Napoléon Bonaparte)). Formally, a rhetorical meaning is arelationwith one referential meaning as its domain and, as its codomain, a set of related referential meanings, the particular set specified by the rhetorical meaning at hand. The selection from among elements of the codomain, which can even seem contradictory out of context, is in fact highly context-dependent and indicates a critical role for pragmatics in an overall account of this meaning type.
Representational Systems in Zoosemiotics and Anthroposemiotics Part II: On Meta-Representation and Human Language
Authors: Uhlíř Vilém
Published: December 2018

Following the conclusions of the previous paper (Uhlir, this issue), this paper adopts a theory that is based on the notion that the essence of language is uniquely human, with no homologue elsewhere in nature, and advances the possibility that human language is discontinuous not only within communication systems but also within representational systems. Linguistic data from disparate sources in Homo sapiens are contrasted with evidence from animals. After briefly discussing the dialectics between the mosaic approach to language and the holistic approach to an integrated left hemisphere, the paper culminates in a proposal of a general zoosemiotic theory of “Representational Systems” and a special anthroposemiotic theory of “Meta-representational Systems”.
Risk Treatment and System Recovery Analysis of Gas System of Gas and Electricity Network of Latvia
Authors: Zemite L. , Kutjuns A. , Bode I. , Kunickis M. , Zeltins N.
Published: December 2018

The Latvian natural gas system is interconnected with transmission networks located in Lithuania, Estonia and Russia. Natural gas commercial metering is provided by GMS “Karksi” (Estonia) and by GMS “Kiemenai” (Lithuania). Natural gas is supplied to all larger urban areas in Latvia. Natural gas is supplied to Latvia along the Latvian–Russian pipeline only during the warm period of the year (April–September), and it is accumulated in the underground gas storage facility in Incukalns. During winter, gas from the underground facility is delivered to Latvian customers, as well as transmitted to Estonia and back to Russia. There is also a connection to Lithuania. Out of the gas supply disruption risks that are assessed at different levels, the essential one with a trans-border impact potential consists in the insufficient technical capacity of Incukalns UGS. Given the current technical possibilities, IUGS cannot pass the gas volume required for the Baltic States to compensate the gas supply deficit. The paper performs system recovery analysis after selected critical events. The paper provides a report describing the steps to be followed in order to restore the gas transmission system to normal operation after selected critical events. A very significant region of the power system of Latvia is the central part of Latvia and Riga region, where both of Riga CHPs, as well as Riga HPP, is located. The restoration time of the gas system of Latvia depends on the gravity of the situation and damage in the gas system and may range from several hours to several days.