bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interactions Among Rumen Fermentation Characteristics, the Microbiota, and Host Gene Expression in Response to Ambient Temperature Fluctuations in Tibetan Sheep
Authors: Lv Weibing , Liu Xiu , Sha Yuzhu , Shi Hao , Wei Hong , Luo Yuzhu , Wang Jiqing , Li Shaobin , Hu Jiang , Guo Xinyu , Pu Xiaoning
Published: June 2021

Background: As an important ruminant on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Tibetan sheep can maintain their population reproduction rate in the harsh high-altitude environment of low temperature and low oxygen, which is related to their special adaptations to the plateau. Microbes (known as “second genomes”) play an important role in the host adaptations. However, there have been no reports on the effects of the interactions among rumen fermentation, the microbiota, and host gene expression on the adaptation of Tibetan sheep to high altitude.Results: Rumen fermentation characteristics, the microbiota, and rumen epithelial gene expression of Tibetan sheep in various months (February, April, June, August, October, and December) were analyzed. The results show that the rumen fermentation characteristics of Tibetan sheep differed in different months. The total SCFA, acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentrations were highest in Oct and lowest in Jun. The Cellulase (CL) activity was highest in Feb (when it was significantly higher than in Aug and Oct), while the acidic xylanase (ACX) activity was highest in Apr, followed by Jun (and it was significantly higher in both Apr and Jun than in Feb, Aug, and Oct). In addition, the diversity and abundance of rumen microbes differed in different months. Bacteroidetes (53.4%) and Firmicutes (27.4%) were the dominant phyla. Prevotella_1 and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group were the dominant genera. The abundance of Prevotella_1 was highest in Jun (27.8%) and lowest in Dec (17.8%). Random forest analysis showed that Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group played important roles in rumen microbial composition in different months. In addition, the expression of CLAUDIN4 and ZO1 (ruminal epithelial barrier-related genes) was significantly higher in Apr than in Aug and Dec, while the expression of SGLT1 (nutrient absorption-related gene) was highest in Aug, but were significantly lower than CLAUDIN4 and ZO1 expression in the corresponding month. Correlation analysis showed that there were interactions among rumen fermentation characteristics.Conclusions: There was a certain correlation between rumen fermentation products, the microbiota, and host gene expression. The microbiota, and host gene expression, and the host adjusted the rumen fermentation and microbiota structure according to changes in ambient temperature, to adapt to the plateau environment.
Clinical Features and Survival of Young Adults with Stage IV Gastric Cancer: A Japanese Population-based Study
Authors: Yamamoto Ryuya , Honda Michitaka , Kawamura Hidetaka , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Takiguchi Koichi , Muto Atsushi , Yamazaki Shigeru , Teranishi Yasushi , Shiraso Satoru , Kono Koji , Hori Soshi , Kamiga Takahiro , Iwao Toshiyasu , Yamashita Naoyuki
Published: June 2021

Purpose: With the aging of society, the age of patients with gastric cancer (GC) in Japan has been increasing. However, there are few documented outcomes for young patients with stage IV GC. We investigated the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with stage IV GC aged under 40 years using a dataset from an integrated population-based cohort study.Methods: We conducted this multicenter population-based cohort study to determine whether earlier onset of GC was a poor prognostic factor. We enrolled patients with metastatic GC aged under 40 years (young group) and those aged between 60 and 75 years (middle-aged group). Patients were histologically diagnosed as having gastric adenocarcinoma. We evaluated the overall survival (OS) of both groups and the hazard ratio (HR) for OS based on age. The adjusted HR with 95% confidence interval (CI) was evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards model after adjusting for confounding factors, including sex, histology, number of metastatic lesions, surgical resection, and chemotherapy.Results: This study enrolled 555 patients. The patients were classified into the young group (n=20) and the middle-aged group (n=535). The median OS values were 5.7 months and 8.8 months in the young and middle-aged groups, respectively (P=0.029). The adjusted HR (95% CI) of the young group was 1.88 (1.17–3.04, P=0.009).Conclusions: Age was an independent prognostic factor in patients with stage IV GC. Further studies investigating the genomic characteristics of GC and exploring more effective chemotherapeutic agents are required.
An Extremely Rare Disconnection of the External Iliac Artery and Novel Collateral Remodeling in an Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma Woman
Authors: Wang Shixuan , Zhou Ting , Yu Nan , Liu Ronghua
Published: June 2021

Background: Injury to the external iliac artery (EIA) can have serious consequences and can be extremely challenging for surgeons. Here, we report a patient with bizarre disconnection of the external iliac artery during a laparoscopic operation.Case presentation: On May 27, 2020, during a laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy operation to treat endometrial stromal sarcoma, we encountered an unusual anatomy: abnormal disconnection of the left external iliac artery in a 26-year-old female patient. The proximal and distal ends of the left external iliac artery demonstrated old narrowing without active bleeding, and the distance between the two disconnected ends was more than 3 cm. The scenario was surprising to the entire staff in the operating theater. After a comprehensive assessment of skin temperature, arterial pulsation and arterial blood flow, a multidisciplinary team (MDT) determined that collateral circulation of the left lower limb had been established and could meet the blood supply of the lower limbs, which was also confirmed three times by computed tomography angiography (CTA) and Doppler ultrasound of the blood vessels in the abdomen and lower limbs. Eleven months after the operation, the patient had no obvious abnormality, and the daily activities of the left lower limb were not affected. Follow-up after treatment for the patient is still in progress.Conclusions: We describe the details of the whole case of disconnection of the external iliac artery. We hope to summarize the experience and lessons learned through this case and a relevant literature review to improve the safety and orderliness of our future clinical work.
FlhA Undergoes Cyclic Open-close Domain Motions During Flagellar Protein Export in Salmonella
Authors: Minamino Tohru , Inoue Yumi , Kinoshita Miki , Kitao Akio , Namba Keiichi
Published: June 2021

The flagellar type III secretion system (fT3SS) transports flagellar building blocks from the cytoplasm to the distal end of the growing flagellar structure. The C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of FlhA (FlhAC) serves as a docking platform for flagellar chaperones in complex with their cognate substrates and ensures the strict order of protein export for efficient flagellar assembly. FlhAC adopts open and closed conformations, and the chaperones bind to the open form, allowing the fT3SS to transport the substrates to the cell exterior. To clarify the role of the closed form in flagellar protein export, we isolated pseudorevertants from the flhA(G368C/K549C) mutant, in which the closed conformation is stabilized to inhibit the protein transport activity of the fT3SS. Each of M365I, R370S, A446E and P550S substitutions in FlhAC identified in the pseudorevertants affected hydrophobic side-chain interaction networks in the closed FlhAC structure, thereby restoring the protein transport activity to a considerable degree. We propose that a cyclic open-close domain motion of FlhAC is required for rapid and efficient flagellar protein export where a structural transition from the open to the closed form induces the dissociation of empty chaperones from FlhAC.
Analyses and Findings of Unusual Substitute Materials in a Raincoat From WWII
Authors: Lauridsen Clara Bratt , Brock-Nannestad Theis , Simonsen Kim Pilkjær
Published: June 2021

Due to the coating materials used, historic raincoats are vulnerable to degradation and rarely survive long periods of time. The investigated raincoat dating from 1943 is no exception – the coating is unusually stiff and flaking off in areas around folds and cracks. Study into its material composition can contribute to important knowledge of the availability of materials for waterproof clothing during the time of the German occupation of Denmark (1940-1945) when the usual materials for raincoats, cotton fabric and rubber, were in short supply. Optical microscopy and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) identified the fabric to consist of rayon stable fibers and paper yarn, and the coating to be based on cellulose nitrate (CN) lacquer, an unknown plasticizer and titanium white (TiO2). Though the results are atypical for a raincoat, they are in good accordance with the raw materials available in Denmark in 1943. Analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), identified the plasticiser as poly(1,3-butylene) adipate. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) moreover identified the titanium white pigment as the anatase form. By historical discussion this study argues that IG Farben AG is the likely producer of poly(1,3-butylene) adipate, even though the first known marketing of the plastiticiser is from 1986 where the Swiss firm Ciba-Geigy introduced poly(1,3-butylene) adipate as a plasticiser for PVC cling films under the tradename Reoplex® 346. The finding is an extraordinary example on how advanced the chemical industry was in the early 1940’s when it came to polymer science.
Frequency multiplication by collective nano-scale spin wave dynamics
Authors: Woltersdorf Georg , Dreyer Rouven , Liebing Niklas , Körner Chris , Wagener Martin
Published: June 2021

Frequency multiplication is a process where harmonic multiples of the input frequency are generated. It is usually achieved in non-linear electronic circuits or transmission lines. Such elements enable the up-conversion of electronic signals to GHz frequencies and are essential for frequency synthesizers and communication devices. Circuits based on the propagation and interaction of spin waves are a promising alternative to conventional electronics. Unfortunately, these systems usually require direct driving in the GHz range as magnonic frequency up-conversion is restricted to a few harmonics only. Here we show that the ferromagnetic material itself can act as a six octave spanning frequency multiplier. By studying low frequency magnetic excitations in a continuous ferromagnetic layer we show that the non-linearity of magnetization dynamics combined with disorder in the ferromagnet leads to the emergence of a dynamic phase generating high harmonics. The demonstrated broad band frequency multiplication opens exciting perspectives for magnonic and spintronic applications since the frequency is up-converted from MHz into GHz frequencies within the magnetic medium itself. Due to the ease at which magnetic media can be structured and modified spatially (and reversibly) we anticipate that a tailored non-linear dynamic phase can be engineered e.g. to stabilize magnetic solitons.
Protein Kinase C Alpha Acting Through Phorbol-12-Myristate 13-Acetate Regulates Nephronectin Gene Expression Via c-Jun and c-Fos Transcription Factors
Authors: Kinoshita Mitsuhiro , Yamada Atsushi , Sasa Kiyohito , Ikezaki Kaori , Shirota Tatsuo , Kamijo Ryutaro
Published: June 2021

Nephronectin (Npnt) is an extracellular matrix protein and ligand of integrin α8β1 known to promote differentiation of osteoblasts. A search for factors that regulate Npnt gene expression in osteoblasts revealed that phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), which activates protein kinase C (PKC), had a strong effect to suppress that expression. Research was then conducted to elucidate the signaling pathway responsible for regulation of Npnt gene expression by PMA in osteoblasts. Treatment of MC3T3-E1 cells with PMA suppressed cell differentiation and Npnt gene expression. Effects were noted at a low concentration of PMA, and were time- and dose-dependent. Furthermore, treatment with the PKC signal inhibitor Gö6983 inhibited down-regulation of Npnt expression, while transfection with small interfering RNA (siRNA) of PKCα, c-Jun, and c-Fos suppressed that down-regulation. The present results suggest regulation of Npnt gene expression via the PKCα and c-Jun/c-Fos pathway.
Processing of Visual Statistics of Naturalistic Videos in Macaque Visual Areas V1 and V4
Authors: Hatanaka Gaku , Inagakai Mikio , Takeuchi Ryosuke F , Nishimoto Shinji , Ikezoe Koji , Fujita Ichiro
Published: June 2021

Natural scenes are characterized by diverse image statistics, including various parameters of the luminance histogram, outputs of Gabor-like filters, and pairwise correlations between the filter outputs of different positions, orientations, and scales (Potilla-Simoncelli statistics). Some of these statistics capture the response properties of visual neurons. However, it remains unclear to what extent such statistics can explain neural responses to natural scenes and how neurons that are tuned to these statistics are distributed across the cortex. By using two-photon calcium imaging and an encoding-model approach, we addressed these issues in macaque visual areas V1 and V4. For each imaged neuron, we constructed an encoding model to mimic its responses to naturalistic videos. By extracting Potilla-Simoncelli statistics through outputs of both filters and filter correlations, and by computing an optimally weighted sum of these outputs, the model successfully reproduced responses in a subpopulation of neurons. We evaluated the selectivities of these neurons by quantifying the contributions of each statistic to visual responses. Neurons whose responses were mainly determined by Gabor-like filter outputs (low-level statistics) were abundant at most imaging sites in V1. In V4, the relative contribution of higher-order statistics, such as cross-scale correlation, was increased, and the neuronal selectivities varied markedly across sites; many sites included numerous neurons sensitive to luminance histogram parameters and/or correlation statistics, whereas some sites were dominated by neurons responding to low-level statistics. The results indicate that natural scene analysis progresses from V1 to V4, and neurons sharing preferred image statistics are locally clustered in V4.
An Innovative Prostate Cancer Detection Method via Model Checking
Authors: Santone Antonella , Mercaldo Francesco , Brunese Maria Chiara , Donnarumma Federico , Guerriero Pasquale , Reginelli Alfonso
Published: June 2021

Purpose: one of typical cancer among men is the prostate tumour. This is the reason why the screening and the early detection is a crucial task to obtain a diagnosis and a subsequent therapy in the shortest possible time. Materials and Methods: in this paper, with the aim to help radiologists and pathologists for a prompt diagnosis, a method for detecting prostate cancer is proposed. Our analysis starts from the magnetic resonances images (coronal and axial planes), building a labelled transition system for coronal slices and another one for axial, which takes into account a number of non invasive radiomic features. Thus, a set of formulae in temporal logic characterizing the prostate cancer is verified through the model checking technique, to detect the prostate cancer. The proposed method considers magnetic resonance images without the Region Of Interest. This represents one of the major novelty of the method. Results: the proposed method is evaluated on a data-set composed of 40 patients, obtaining very interesting performances in the discrimination between affected and not affected prostate cancer patients. Conclusion: the study confirms the effectiveness of the formal methods to discriminate between cancerous and benign prostate MRIs with a method not requiring the ROI of the cancerous area, by obtaining a sensitivity and a specificity equal to 1.
Syndrome of the Trephined: Clinical Spectrum, Risk Factors, and Impact of Cranioplasty on Neurological Recovery in a Prospective Cohort
Authors: Sveikata Lukas , Vasung Lana , Rahal Amir El , Bartoli Andrea , Bretzner Martin , Schaller Karl , Schnider Armin , Leemann Béatrice
Published: June 2021

Background: Syndrome of the Trephined (SoT) is an underrecognized complication after decompressive craniectomy. We aimed to investigate SoT incidence, clinical spectrum, risk factors, and the impact of the cranioplasty on neurological recovery.Methods: Patients undergoing a large craniectomy (>80 cm2) and cranioplasty were prospectively evaluated using modified Rankin score (mRS) and cognitive (attention, processing speed, executive function, language, visuospatial neglect), motor (Motricity Index, Jamar dynamometer, postural score, gait assessment), and radiological evaluation within four days before and after cranioplasty. The primary outcome was SoT, diagnosed when a neurological improvement was observed after the cranioplasty. The secondary outcome was good outcome (mRS 0-3) four days and 90 days after the cranioplasty. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the risk factors for SoT and the impact of cranioplasty timing on neurological recovery.Results: twenty-six patients (65%) developed SoT and improved after cranioplasty. Brain trauma, hemorrhagic lesions, and shifting of brain structures were associated with SoT. After cranioplasty, a shift towards a good outcome was observed within four days (p=0.025) and persisted at 90 days (p=0.005). Increasing delay to cranioplasty was associated with decreased odds of improvement when adjusting for age and baseline disability (odds ratio 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-0.99 p=0.012).Conclusions: SoT is frequent after craniectomy and interferes with recovery. A high suspicion of SoT should be exercised in patients who fail to progress or have a previous trauma, hemorrhage, or shifting of brain structures. Performing the cranioplasty earlier was associated with improved and quantifiable neurological recovery.
Unreferenced Spatial Localization Under Monocular and Dichoptic Viewing Conditions
Authors: Karsolia Apoorva , Das Vallabh E. , Stevenson Scott B.
Published: June 2021

Knowledge of eye position in the brain is critical for localization of objects in space. To investigate the accuracy and precision of eye position feedback in an unreferenced environment, subjects with normal ocular alignment attempted to localize briefly presented targets during monocular and dichoptic viewing. In the task, subjects’ used a computer mouse to position a response disk at the remembered location of the target. Under dichoptic viewing (with red (right eye) - green (left eye) glasses), target and response disks were presented to the same or alternate eyes, leading to four conditions [green target – green response cue (LL), green-red (LR), red-green (RL), and red-red (RR)]. Time interval between target and response disks was varied and localization errors were the difference between the estimated and real positions of the target disk. Overall, the precision of spatial localization (variance across trials) became progressively worse with time. Under dichoptic viewing, localization errors were significantly greater for alternate-eye trials as compared to same-eye trials and were correlated to the average phoria of each subject. We suggest that during these tasks, subjects are unable to compensate for their phoria, implying that oculomotor proprioception may not provide the required feedback of eye position.
Predictive Value of Preoperative Computed Tomography in Sternotomy for Substernal Goiter
Authors: Zhao Da-Wei , Xiang Tai-Hua , Sun Yi-Zeng , Li Yao , Cui Xiang , Liang Yan , Zhang Fan
Published: June 2021

Objective The aim of this study was to validate the predictors of peropertive computed tomography imaging parameters for sternotomy in patients with substernal goiter.Methods We retrospectively reviewed complete clinical and computed tomography data of 37 patients who had substernal goiter and underwent surgery from January 2010 to February 2019. The patients were divided into two groups based on whether or not underwent sternotomy surgery. The maximum length and width, length behind sternum of tumors were measured on preoperative computed tomography images, the volume above and below sternum, and total volume of tumors was calculated. Logstic regression model and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were performed to identify siginificant predictors associated with sternotomy.Results Out of a total of 37 patients, 4 patients (10.8%) underwent sternotomy. The length, width and length behind sternum, as well as the volume below sternum and the total volume of tumors were significantly greater in patients with sternotomy compared to those without sternotomy (all P<0.05). The length behind sternum (OR 1.152, 95% CI: 1.012-1.312, P = 0.033) of tumors was the simple and convenient predictor for sternotomy in substernal goiter. The optimal cut-off value of length behind sternum was 46.7 mm (area under the curve: 0.962, 95% CI: 0.896-1.028, P ≤ 0.01), and the sensitivity and specificity was 100% and 87.9%, respectively.Conclusion Computed tomography examination plays an important role in determining the surgery need for substernal goiter. The length behind sternum of tumor is a convenient and independent predictor of sternotomy for substernal goiter.
Analysis Focusing on Plasma Von Willebrand Factor in Pachychoroid Neovasculopathy and Age-related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Hirai Hiromasa , Yamashita Mariko , Matsumoto Masanori , Hayakawa Masaki , Sakai Kazuya , Ueda Tetsuo , Ogata Nahoko
Published: June 2021

Pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV) is a new disease concept. Some cases diagnosed as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) have been re-diagnosed as PNV. However, the biological features of PNV are still uncertain. The purpose of this study was to compare PNV and AMD by an analysis focusing on von Willebrand factor (VWF) and complement factor H (CFH). Ninety-seven patients who were previously diagnosed with treatment naïve AMD were enrolled in this study. They were re-classified PNV and AMD based on the clinical criteria and 33 patients were classified as PNV and 64 patients as AMD. We examined the clinical data and performed VWF multimer analysis and genetic polymorphisms in the CFH. PNV group was significantly younger than AMD group. The presence of unusually large VWF multimers (UL-VWFMs) and subretinal hemorrhage was significantly higher in PNV than in AMD. In the CFH I62V, allele A tended to be more frequent in PNV group and recessive homozygous (AA) was found only in PNV group. Thus, the genetic alternations in CFH may result in the residual UL-VWFMs and platelet thrombosis in the choriocapillaris of PNV. In conclusion, our results suggest the biological differences between PNV and AMD.
Green Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles by Murraya Koenigii Leaves Extract for Biomedical Application
Authors: M Sivakami , K Renuka Devi , R Renuka
Published: June 2021

Green synthesis of nanoparticles is the method with eco-friendly, cost-effectiveness, and ease of resource availability approach. Nowadays, magnetic nanoparticles need increased due to its use in magnetic sensing, medical imaging, waste water treatment, and antibiotic drugs. In this report, the ecofriendly green synthesis of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were efficiently synthesized by using Murraya koenigii leaves extract. UV-visible spectrum revealed the surface Plasmon resonance band at 240 nm and analyzed the formation of iron oxide nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction pattern determined its high crystalline nature with strong intense peaks. Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectrum illustrated the Fe and O bonding stretching vibration. The particle size distribution graph showed the formed particles are in nanometer range. Transmission Electron Micrographs realized the spherical shaped iron oxide nanoparticles with its size at 10–25 nm. The energy dispersive X-ray spectrum and mapping analysis revealed the purity of prepared nanoparticles with only Fe and O presence. The vibrating sample magnetometer analysis showed the paramagnetic behavior of prepared magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. The antimicrobial assay revealed potent inhibition of iron oxide nanoparticles on various human pathogens. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic assays revealed the biomedical behavior of iron oxide nanoparticles.
New hydrogen atom model and radiation absorption mechanism
Authors: Wang Xiaoen
Published: June 2021

Only Coulomb force is considered in Bohr model. It is found that electron in ground state hydrogen atom is also affected by Lorentz force of the same magnitude. Under the combined action of Coulomb force and Lorentz force, the radius of hydrogen atom is twice that of Bohr, and the rotation frequency of electron is half that of Bohr. The "half frequency" problem of Bohr's theory is solved, and the quantization result of the energy level of hydrogen atom is obtained by using the standing wave condition of quantum mechanics. The mechanism and details of photon absorption by hydrogen atom are analyzed and explained, and the physical meaning of Planck constant is explained.
An observation study of the implementation and quality of a policy-based early childhood education program for newly arrived refugee children in Germany
Authors: Busch Julian , Buchmüller Thimo , Leyendecker Birgit
Published: June 2021

Early childhood education [ECE] can support the development and adjustment of refugee children - though the large numbers of newly arriving refugee families challenge ECE capacities of hosting countries. In Germany, a specialized ECE policy funds programs for refugee families at scale. As that policy provides only few regulations, implementation and ECE quality at program-level remain unknown. In formative research, we categorized programs and assembled ECE quality measures. We then examined ECE quality in standardized observation procedures. The policy-based programs were differently implemented in mobile concepts/ temporary set-ups, improvised settings or in formal settings for education. For ECE quality, we found that structural quality depended on implementation settings while process quality, as referring to social-emotional support, was consistently high. Our research process yielded a dearth of tools to comparatively assess ECE quality among heterogenous programs at population- and program-levels with respect to the needs of specific target groups. Flexible programs with limited regulations, allowing locally adapted implementation strategies, are likely an innovative approach to support refugee children’s development after migration.
Exclusive breastfeeding practice and its associated factors among mothers with infants aged less than six months in Nono, Western Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Fufa Gerba , Solomon Tesfaye , Girma Teka
Published: June 2021

Background

Exclusive breastfeeding is the best and cost effective intervention to prevent childhood morbidities and mortalities in developing countries. But there was no evidence in the study area regarding the practice of exclusive breastfeeding and its associated factors. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess exclusive breastfeeding practice and its associated factors in a rural district, Western part of Ethiopia.
Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August 15–30, 2020 among 565 mothers who have an infant less than six months in Nono District. Study participants were selected using random sampling. Data on infant breastfeeding practice were collected by trained interviewers by using a structured questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding. Statistical significance was declared at P < 0.05 at 95% confidence interval.
Results

A total of 565 participants were participated in this study, giving a 95.9% response rate. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice was 70.8%. Age of Mothers (AOR = 2.67, 95%CI = 1.79, 4.60), attended antenatal care during the recent pregnancy (AOR = 2.31, 95%CI = 1.31,4.71), attended delivery in health facilities (AOR = 1.34, 95%CI = 1.21,2.11), having information about exclusive breastfeeding (AOR = 2.34, 95%CI = 1.13,4.76) and knowing the importance of exclusive breastfeeding (AOR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.12, 3.73) were associated factors with exclusively breastfeeding.
Conclusions

The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among infants less than six months in the Nono district was 70.8%. Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding were the age of mothers, antenatal care service utilization, place of birth, mothers' information about breastfeeding, and knowledge of mothers about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding. Therefore, it is recommended that awareness should be continuously raised and pregnant women should be encouraged to attend health facilities for antenatal care and delivery by health service providers hence improving exclusive breastfeeding.
Misuse of antibiotic among university and higher education students in Sudan a cross-sectional, July 2020.
Authors: ALHAJ HASSAN HAMED MOHAMMED , Al-lahawi Alaa Mirgani Babiker , Al-abeed Mohammed , Omer Mohammed Eltahier Abdalla , F.Abubakar Yassir
Published: June 2021

Background: Misuse of antibiotics therapy refers to failure to end therapy, skipping of doses, re-use of left over. In Sudan, antibiotic resistance is notably high and is attributed to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics. A lot of studies reported improper antibiotic use among university students .Methods and Materials: A cross-sectional analytical research was done among university and higher education student, using an online-based questionnaire to study misuse of antibiotics and it’s relation to different geographical areas in Sudan. The data was analyzed by SPPS version 25.0.Results: The majority of the participants were female (62%) and most of them had age more than 20 years. Assessment of antibiotics misuse revealed that many participants don’t have adequate behaviour toward antibiotics use. Only 48% stated that they will visit doctor when feel diseased,37% of the participants stop taking medication when feel better. Moreover 79% use antibiotics as prophylaxis. Comparing antibiotic misuse between type of study groups and parents medical background , those who study a non medical field stop their antibiotic course when feel better more (P value <.001). taking antibiotic for common cold was more common in students outside medical fields and those whose parents have medical background.Adjusted regression models showed significant association between using antibiotics without prescription and gender as females use more antibiotics than males 1.6 times. Completing antibiotics course was significantly associated with both type of study and age as medical students and higher age groups practice better. Conclusion:Our study provides a good idea about misuse of antibiotics among universities and higher education students regardless of residency area.
Diagnostic yield of Calcofluor White in the identification of candida albicans in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chinnasamy Alagesan , Ramalingam Karthikeyan , Nayak Sushruth , Rai Vikranth , Gopinath Vidhya , Chawla Gurveen
Published: June 2021

Although oral cancer is multifactorial in origin only few had evaluated the diagnostic parameters for candidal infection in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We aims to compare and assess the accuracy of Calcofluor Whilte (CFW) to that of conventional staining methods to identify the presence of candidal infection in OSCC. Archival collection of 43 OSCC were retrieved for this investigation. Standard staining protocol was followed for the index test (CFW) and reference standard (Periodic Acid Schiff). Two examiners were blinded for either one of the staining techniques. Diagnostic test evaluation and Kappa statistic was calculated using MedCalc software. The study comprised of 37 males, six females, and their mean age at the time of presentation was 51 (range 23 to 75 years). The sensitivity and specificity of CFW was 75.8% (CI 57.7 to 88.9%) and 10.0% (CI 0.2 to 44.5%). While the positive predictive and negative predictive values were 63.1% (CI − 50.6% − 74.0%) and 67.0% (CI − 49.2% − 81.0%). Our results show minimal agreement with PAS with a Kappa score of 0.148 (95% CI = 0.39 to 0.09). Overall detection rate was similar for both the index test and reference standard although there was considerable number of intermediate test results. Sensitivity of CFW was comparable to that of earlier studies but specificity was low and the degree of concordance of 60.4%. Although CFW staining can come with high false positive they are an useful test for ruling out candida infection when the test result is negative.
Identificação e remoção cirúrgica de dentes supranumerários: relato de caso
Authors: Moura Ana Beatriz Rodrigues , Medeiros Fabiana Larissa Santos , Araújo Neto Antônio Pereira , Fernandes Lígia Virgínio , Ribeiro Rodrigo Alves , Carvalho Neto Luiz Guedes , Monteiro Bárbara Vanessa de Brito
Published: June 2021

Os dentes supranumerários são aqueles que se desenvolvem nos maxilares além dos dentes de série normal. Esses dentes apresentam maior frequência na dentição permanente e, em alguns casos, se associam a doenças sistêmicas e síndromes. Este trabalho teve como objetivo relatar um caso clínico, enfatizando a importância do diagnóstico precoce de dentes supranumerários para evitar problemas complexos e de difícil solução referentes ao comprometimento na estética por desarmonia do sorriso e ao estabelecimento da correta oclusão. Paciente leucoderma, do sexo masculino, 9 anos de idade, buscou atendimento acompanhado do responsável, tendo como queixa principal a existência de um “dente atrofiado” entre os incisivos centrais superiores e um comprometimento na estética por desarmonia do sorriso. Realizada a anamnese, procedeu-se ao exame clínico, sendo constatada a presença de mesiodente, acarretando diastema entre os incisivos e vestibularização acentuada do elemento 21, contribuindo para uma ausência de selamento labial adequado. Foram realizadas radiografias periapicais da área, uma radiografia oclusal e uma ortopantomográfica. Foi observado que além da presença de um elemento supranumerário na região anterior (mesiodente), havia outro dente supranumerário incluso na região ântero-mediana do palato. Baseando-se nos exames clínico e radiográfico, optou-se pela remoção cirúrgica dos supranumerários. Os dentes supranumerários são uma anomalia de número dentário que podem se apresentar irrompidos ou inclusos e, além disso, podem relacionar-se com síndromes ou doenças sistêmicas. Dessa forma, observa-se a necessidade de um diagnóstico preciso e, na maior parte dos casos, remoção cirúrgica dos dentes excedentes.
Glossite migratória benigna em crianças com idade pré-escolar
Authors: Andrade Mateus Araújo , Moura Ana Beatriz Rodrigues , Silva Ismael Lima , Moura Ângelo Luis Duarte Amorim de , Pereira Lívia da Silva , Alencar Aléxia Araújo , Araújo Vitória Freitas  de , Oliveira William Harvey  Machado de Sousa Lacerda , Cambuí Geovana da Franca , Cardoso Thiálita Barbosa , Alves Maria Angélica Sátyro Gomes , Oliveira Filho Abrahão Alves de
Published: June 2021

A glossite migratória benigna (GMB), também conhecida como língua geográfica (LG) ou eritema migratório (EM), é uma condição benigna comum de etiologia ainda desconhecida, entretanto, acredita-se que fatores psicossomáticos, imunológicos, infecciosos e nutricionais estejam associados. Essa condição acomete exclusivamente a língua, caracterizada por áreas erosivas migratórias, isoladas ou múltiplas. Esse estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura acerca da existência dessa patologia em crianças com idade pré-escolar, assim como esclarecer seus aspectos fisiopatológicos. Foram analisados artigos científicos selecionados através das plataformas Google Acadêmico, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) e Portal Regional da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), no período de 2000 a 2019. A pesquisa nas plataformas se deu através dos descritores MeSH: Glossite migratória benigna; Língua Geográfica; Pré-Escolares; Odontopediatria. Após a análise dos dados encontrados, observou-se que tal condição tem aspecto clínico multiforme, destacando-se a presença de lesões erosivas eritematosas com bordas irregulares, cinzento-esbranquiçada, que lembram os contornos de um mapa geográfico e que, após normalizarem, podem retornar no mesmo local ou em áreas diferentes, o que confere a aparência migratória. Portanto, é uma anomalia benigna que ocorre principalmente na primeira infância, sendo sua morfologia bastante variada e sem evidências significativas que haja predileção ao sexo. O tratamento é inespecífico e adequado aos sintomas.
Research of quality and safety indicators of organic raw materials for development of new cookie recipes
Authors: Tkachenko Alina , Syrokhman Ivan , Guba Lyudmyla , Basova Yulia , Goryachova Elena
Published: June 2021

Studies of quality and safety of organic flour and oils for the development of cookies are considered. The objects of the study are samples of organic spelt, corn and coconut flour; and samples of organic oils (camelina and hemp). The purpose of the study is to substantiate the feasibility of using organic raw materials for the development of new cookie recipes. To determine the quality and safety of organic flour, the nutritional value, physicochemical parameters and safety indicators (content of salts of heavy metals) have been analyzed. To determine the quality of organic oils, the fatty acid composition has been analyzed. Standard methods have been used for the study. The moisture content of the flour has been determined by the drying method. Ash content – by the method of organic matter charring. Atomic absorption and flameless atomic absorption methods have been used to determine the safety indicators of the flour. The fatty acid composition of oils has been determined by gas chromatography. It has been proved, that organic raw materials meet the safety requirements of the Regulation of maximum levels of certain contaminants in food, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine № 368 of 13.05.2013 and can be used as a promising enrichment for the nutritional value of cookies
Beyond the Studio: Embedding the island in music production on the Isle of Eigg
Authors: MacKinnon Sarah
Published: June 2021

Over the last four decades a number of recording studios have been developed on small islands. The first group of these were in warm water locales, exploiting the standard appeal of the tropics as places of rest and tranquillity. More recently a number of studios have developed in cold water islands, promoting the natural environment (and sometimes less than temperate weather) as encouraging reflection and creativity. This article analyses one aspect of the latter, in the form of the Visitations artist- in-residency programme run by Lost Map Records on the Scottish Isle of Eigg. Several of the musicians who have participated in residencies collected sounds from around Eigg that were embedded in original compositions. This has involved the extension of the studio space into the landscape in a process that stands in contrast to the traditional role of studios to insulate recordings from the external world. This article identifies that the first series of Visitations residences produced musical engagements with Eigg that represent the emotional geographies experienced by the musicians in relation to the landscape, providing more locally grounded projects than those produced in more traditional studios on warm water islands.
Developments of the Perception of Climate Change and Abnormal Weather in Postwar Japan
Authors: Cothern Keegan , Hasegawa Junichi
Published: June 2021

Climate research has been presented as a largely Anglophone and European affair, while other regional contributions and concerns have been left largely unexamined. An investigation of the Japan Meteorological Agency’s ‘Abnormal Weather Reports’ and related literature instead reveals the concerns of an island nation anxious about immediate weather abnormalities, causes of climate variability, and predicting the consequences of global warming within a geographically vulnerable Japan. Researchers initially focused on the topic of global cooling in the 1970s, sparking fears about Japan’s self-sustainability in the event of a long-term decline in temperatures. By the 1980s, though cooling fears persisted, focus also turned to how El Niño cycles provoked climatic variability, even as initial concern with global warming resulting from human activities, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and ozone depletion grew. Following the Kyoto Protocol’s recognition of anthropogenic climate change and creation of a global cooperative framework, research has begun to focus on the consequences of global warming in exacerbating Japan’s meteorological risks and on mitigating further anthropogenic temperature increases.
From Pure Land to Hell: Introducing four culturally hybrid UNESCO World Heritage sites in the Gotō Archipelago
Authors: McClelland Gwyn
Published: June 2021

The islands in the Gotō region off Kyushu Island were refuges, mountains providing both terraces for growing potatoes and rice; and hideaways for clandestine religious practices; seas and bays providing fish and seaweed. Religious refugees arrived here in the 18th and 19th centuries, but had to contend with a harsh winter climate, the strong prejudices of indigenous inhabitants, and the long arms of the Nagasaki magistrate. This article locates a migrant people known variously as the senpuku, the kakure, kirishitan, or Hidden Christians (HC), and their descendants who acknowledge the natural world’s imprint on them: their characteristics and cultural heritage are shaped by the interstitial spaces of the islands in which they subside(d). World Heritage Cultural listings in 2018 included sites on the islands and were rightly acclaimed. Yet, here, as in other places, the World Heritage campaign was at times driven by shallow motivations reflecting exotic and unfounded prejudices and tourist-related economic aspirations. Even in the nomenclature, the World Heritage listing mentions the HC, but this group of people are not singular, and require more careful definition. This article seeks to demonstrate how by examining new sources of oral history, we stand to enrich our knowledge by a ‘deep’ engagement, taking account of both human and non-human processes, practices and awareness of place. Secondly, by focusing on this region we may re-orient our understanding of Japanese and East Asian History in a wider context than often understood, and inclusive of this coastal and marginal place. An analysis four of the sites of World Heritage ascribed by UNESCO on the Gotō Archipelago off Nagasaki Prefecture Japan alongside the historic documents and supported by oral history reveals a religious cultural hybridity integrated into a severe environment.
Branch point twist field form factors in the sine-Gordon model I: Breather fusion and entanglement dynamics
Authors: Castro-Alvaredo Olalla , Horvath David
Published: June 2021

The quantum sine-Gordon model is the simplest massive interacting integrable quantum field theory whose two-particle scattering matrix is generally non-diagonal. As such, it is a model that has been extensively studied, especially in the context of the bootstrap program. In this paper we compute low particle-number form factors of a special local field known as the branch point twist field, whose correlation functions are building blocks for measures of entanglement. We consider the attractive regime where the theory possesses a particle spectrum consisting of a soliton, an antisoliton (of opposite U(1) charges) and several (neutral) breathers. In the breather sector we exploit the fusion procedure to compute form factors of heavier breathers from those of lighter ones. We apply our results to the study of the entanglement dynamics after a small mass quench and for short times. We show that in the presence of two or more breathers the von Neumann and Rényi entropies display undamped oscillations in time, whose frequencies are proportional to the even breather masses and whose amplitudes are proportional to the breather's one-particle form factor.
Asur: İmparatorluk Misyonu
Authors: ÖZBİLEN Serdar
Published: June 2021

Antik Yakın Doğu ve Asuroloji alanında oldukça yetkin biri olan Mario Liverani, öne sürmüş olduğu "ağlar imparatorluğu" modeli ile bu alanda çalışan kuram, yorumcu ve alan çalışanlarına imparatorluk metinlerinin tekrar yorumlanması açısından yön vermiştir. Liverani, Asur İmparatorluğu'nun gelişim süreci ve yayılım aşamalarına, ağlar imparatorluğu modeli ile farklı bir boyut kazandırarak tabiri yerindeyse bu alana adını yazdırmıştır. Liverani'nin bir kaynakçada yer almadığı Asur ile ilgili bir çalışma düşünülemez. Diakronik bir bakış açısıyla Asur krallarına kendi tarihlerini sorma şansımız olsaydı, bunu en gerçekçi bir şekilde yazanın Mario Liverani olduğunu söylerlerdi. Bu yazıda, Liverani'nin kaleme almış olduğu Asur İmparatorluk Misyonu isimli kitabı tanıtılacaktır.
Çin’deki Azınlıklar için 20. yy. İki Dilli Eğitim Politikaları Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: MADEN KALKAN Çile
Published: June 2021

Kaynağını toplumbilim ve dilbilimden alan iki dillilik, özellikle de dilbilimin hızla gelişen karmaşık bir alanıdır. Çin dilinin zorluğu uzun yıllar boyunca dilin sürekli olarak hükümet tarafından sadeleştirilmesi çalışmalarını da beraberinde getirmiştir ancak dilin bu sadeleştirme hareketi, kırsal kesimlerdeki azınlıklar için durumu daha zor bir hale getirmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; iki dillilik ve bunun olumlu-olumsuz sonuçlarını Çin’deki azınlıklar üzerinden değerlendirmektir. Çalışmada, tarihsel süreç içerisinde hükümetin eğitim-öğretimde aldığı karar ve yasalara başvurulmuştur. Hükümetin bu konudaki tutumunun yanı sıra Çinli bilim insanlarının iki dilli eğitime bakış açıları araştırılıp, iki dilli eğitim politikaları ve bunların Çin azınlık okullarında uygulanması incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada; dar anlamda azınlıklar için kendi dillerine ek olarak ikinci bir dilin ortaya çıktığı ve bu süreçteki zorlukların hükümetin eğitim politikalarıyla desteklenerek giderilmeye çalışıldığı; geniş anlamda ise toplumda pasif gruplar için çok dilli eğitim, baskın gruplar için de çok kültürlü eğitimin iki yönlü işlevselleştirilmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Yaman Koray’ın “Mola”sında Doğa Algısı
Authors: TOPÇU Hayrunisa
Published: June 2021

Doğa ile insan arasındaki ilişki sanatın ortaya çıkışına kaynaklık etmiştir. Edebiyatta doğanın taklidi ile başlayan bu ilişki, mitolojik öykülerle devam etmiş, sonrasında da romantizm ve realizmin etkisi altında şekillenmiş, günümüze yaklaştıkça şehirleşme ve modernizm kavramlarıyla değerlendirilmeye başlamıştır. Türk edebiyatında da benzer bir seyir izleyen doğa algısı, halk şiirlerinde pastoral bir bakış açısıyla kendisini göstermiş, Tanzimat Dönemi’nde romantizm etkisindeki betimlemelerde ortaya çıkmış, Servet-i Fünûn’da ise realist bir tavır takınmıştır. Doğaya karşı geliştirilen bu gerçekçi tutum, şehirleşme ve modernleşmenin etkisini hissettirdiği 1970’li yıllara kadar devam eder. Bu çalışmanın konusu, Yaman Koray’ın 1970’te kaleme aldığı Mola isimli romanındaki doğa algısıdır. Erdek’in Narlıköy isimli köyünde geçen romandaki doğa algısı, hem doğa - kent çatışması üzerinden hem de insanların doğaya ait farkındalıkları üzerinden verilir. Çatışmanın çözümlenmesi ve farkındalıkların ortaya çıkarılması için edebiyat alanında 90’lardan sonra yeni bir eleştiri yöntemi olarak ortaya çıkan ekoeleştiriden faydalanılmıştır. Böylelikle roman üzerinden kırsalda yaşayan insanların şehirleşmeye bakışı, modernizm ile şehirleşme arasındaki ilişki, bu ilişkinin insan ile doğa arasındaki mesafeyi ne yönde etkilediği, insanların doğaya ve çevrenin korunmasına dair farkındalıklarının ne düzeyde olduğu sorgulanmıştır.