bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethene oligomerization on H-ZSM-5 in relation to ethoxy species
Authors: Yamazaki Hiroshi , Yokoi Toshiyuki , Tatsumi Takashi , Kondo Junko N.
Published: September 2014

The oligomerization of ethene over H-ZSM-5 was studied by infrared (IR) spectroscopy.
Hydride, gold(i) and related derivatives of the unsaturated ditungsten anion [W2Cp2(μ-PCy2)(μ-CO)2]−
Authors: Alvarez M. Angeles , García M. Esther , García-Vivó Daniel , Ruiz Miguel A. , Vega M. Fernanda
Published: September 2014

The title anion adds metal-based electrophiles at the ditungsten site, but its protonation gives mixtures of isomers with either bridging or terminal hydrides (W = WCp; P = PCy2).
Enantiopure N,N,O-scorpionate zinc amide and chloride complexes as efficient initiators for the heteroselective ROP of cyclic esters
Authors: Honrado Manuel , Otero Antonio , Fernández-Baeza Juan , Sánchez-Barba Luis F. , Garcés Andrés , Lara-Sánchez Agustín , Rodríguez Ana M.
Published: September 2014

Amide-containing zinc heteroscorpionates can act as single-component initiators for the well-controlled ROP of rac-LA to produce heterotactic-enriched materials.
Synthesis and order–disorder transition in a novel metal formate framework of [(CH3)2NH2]Na0.5Fe0.5(HCOO)3]
Authors: Mączka Mirosław , Pietraszko Adam , Macalik Lucyna , Sieradzki Adam , Trzmiel Justyna , Pikul Adam
Published: September 2014

We report the synthesis and characterization of a novel metal formate templated by dimethylammonium cations, [(CH3)2NH2][Na0.5Fe0.5(HCOO)3], exhibiting phase transition at 167 K.
Comparing new and conventional methods to estimate benthic algal biomass and composition in freshwaters
Authors: Kahlert Maria , McKie Brendan G.
Published: September 2014

A first time comparison of in situ pigment fluorescence with conventional laboratory methods for quantifying benthic algal composition and biomass.
Effects of γ-valerolactone in hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass to monosaccharides
Authors: Mellmer Max A. , Martin Alonso David , Luterbacher Jeremy S. , Gallo Jean Marcel R. , Dumesic James A.
Published: September 2014

The use of γ-valerolactone as solvent for acid-catalyzed biomass hydrolysis reactions increases reaction rates compared to reactions carried out in water.
A multi-channel device for high-density target-selective stimulation and long-term monitoring of cells and subcellular features in C. elegans
Authors: Lee Hyewon , Kim Shin Ae , Coakley Sean , Mugno Paula , Hammarlund Marc , Hilliard Massimo A. , Lu Hang
Published: September 2014

We present a high-density microfluidic device for target-selective illumination, selective stimulation, and long-term monitoring ofC. elegans.
Confirmation of the cellular targets of benomyl and rapamycin using next-generation sequencing of resistant mutants in S. cerevisiae
Authors: Wride Dustin A. , Pourmand Nader , Bray Walter M. , Kosarchuk Jacob J. , Nisam Sean C. , Quan Tiffani K. , Berkeley Ray F. , Katzman Sol , Hartzog Grant A. , Dobkin Carlos E. , Scott Lokey R.
Published: September 2014

Demonstrating the use of next generation sequencing (NGS) to identify mutations that confer resistance to benomyl and rapamycin, and a method for mapping these mutations to their known biological targets.
Magnetic, electrochemical and optical properties of a sulfate-bridged Co(ii) imidazole dimer
Authors: Murphy Michael J. , Usov Pavel M. , Rizzuto Felix J. , Kepert Cameron J. , D'Alessandro Deanna M.
Published: September 2014

The electrochemical, optical and magnetic properties of a sulfate-bridged high spin Co(ii) dimer, [Co2(DMIM)4(μ2-O2,O,O′-SO4)2]·2MeCN are reported. Antiferromagnetic coupling across the μ2-(O2-sulfato) bridging mode has been identified with J = −28 cm−1.
Real-time imaging and elemental mapping of AgAu nanoparticle transformations
Authors: Lewis E. A. , Slater T. J. A. , Prestat E. , Macedo A. , O'Brien P. , Camargo P. H. C. , Haigh S. J.
Published: September 2014

We report the controlled alloying, oxidation, and subsequent reduction of individual AgAu nanoparticles in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM).
Synthetic mimics of carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccines: preparation of carbohydrate polymers bearing unimolecular trivalent carbohydrate ligands by controlled living radical polymerization
Authors: Kuo Teng-Yuan , Chien Li-An , Chang Ya-Chi , Liou Shuang-Yu , Chang Che-Chien
Published: September 2014

Under the conditions of nitroxide-mediated polymerizations, novel carbohydrate polymers bearing unimolecular trivalent carbohydrate ligands could be achieved through a living radical process.
A theoretical study of stabilities, reactivities and bonding properties of XKrOH (X = F, Cl, Br and I) as potential new krypton compounds using coupled cluster, MP2 and DFT calculations
Authors: Tavakol Hossein , Hassani Fahimeh , Mollaei-Renani Akram
Published: September 2014

DFT andAb initiocalculations were employed to disclose the conceivable existence of new noble gas molecules, XKrOH.
One-pot synthesis of thiol- and amine-bifunctionalized mesoporous silica and applications in uptake and speciation of arsenic
Authors: Li Peng , Zhang Xiao-qin , Chen Yi-jun , Bai Tian-yi , Lian Hong-zhen , Hu Xin
Published: September 2014

Removal and separation of As(v) and As(iii) can be achieved by bifunctional silica.
Efficient energy transfer in Eu-doped ZnO on diamond film
Authors: Yu Qi , Ai Taotao , Jiang Liyun , Zhang Yingtang , Li Chuang , Yuan Xinqiang
Published: September 2014

Eu-zinc oxide (ZnO) has been fabricated on a p-diamond substrate by a hydrothermal technique.
Antiparallel three-component gradients in double-channel surface architectures
Authors: Hayashi Hironobu , Sobczuk Adam , Bolag Altan , Sakai Naomi , Matile Stefan
Published: September 2014

Synthetic methods are reported to transcribe complex characteristics of biological systems into organic materials with an unprecedented level of sophistication.
Controlling the localization of nanoparticles in assemblies of amphiphilic diblock copolymers
Authors: Ma Shiying , Qi Dongliang , Xiao Mengying , Wang Rong
Published: September 2014

Localization of nanoparticles in assemblies of amphiphilic diblock copolymers can be controlled by varying the immiscibility of nanoparticles and copolymers.
On the mechanisms of colloidal self-assembly during spin-coating
Authors: Toolan Daniel T. W. , Fujii Syuji , Ebbens Stephen J. , Nakamura Yoshinobu , Howse Jonathan R.
Published: September 2014

Through the technique of stroboscopic microscopy we are able to directly identify a number of different mechanisms by which colloids self-assemble during spin-coating.
Structure and properties of MgMxCr2−xO4 (M = Li, Mg, Ti, Fe, Cu, Ga) spinels for electrode supports in solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Stefan Elena , Connor Paul A. , Azad Abul K. , Irvine John T. S.
Published: September 2014

The paper investigates the structure and properties of novel electrode scaffold materials for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), such as MgMxCr2−xO4, (M = Li, Mg, Ti, Fe, Cu, Ga).
Inkjet-printed highly conductive transparent patterns with water based Ag-doped graphene
Authors: Li Lihong , Guo Yuzhen , Zhang Xingye , Song Yanlin
Published: September 2014

A transparent Ag nanotriangle platelet–rGO (Ag NTP–rGO) pattern with high conductivity was obtained by inkjet-printing of Ag NTP–rGO ink, the solvent of which is only water.
A direct one-step synthetic route to Pd–Pt nanostructures with controllable shape, size, and composition for electrocatalytic applications
Authors: Ye Youngjin , Joo Jin , Lee Seonggyu , Lee Jinwoo
Published: September 2014

A direct one-step synthetic route to Pd–Pt nanostructures with controllable shape, size, and composition was developed for electrocatalytic applications.
A porous PdO microrod-based electrochemical sensor for nanomolar-level Cu2+ released from cells
Authors: Cao Xia , Han Yu , Gao Caizhen , Xu Ying , Huang Xiaomin , Willander Magnus , Wang Ning
Published: September 2014

Highly porous PdO microrods (PoPdOMRs) with a well-defined morphology, large surface area and active sites were synthesized via a facile wet chemical method for the first time.
Magnetically guided survivin-siRNA delivery and simultaneous dual-modal imaging visualization based on Fe3O4@mTiO2nanospheres for breast cancer
Authors: Wu Jiang , Liu Ying , Li Wei , Wang Chunyan , Li Yanjun , Tian Ying , Sun Jing , Wang Shouju , Wang Xin , Tang Yuxia , Zhu Hong , Teng Zhaogang , Lu Guangming
Published: September 2014

Fe3O4@mTiO2/FMN-PEI as a siRNA delivery system can transfect survivin-siRNA to induce apoptosis, along with magnetic targeting, MRI and optical imaging.
White-light-emitting KCl:Eu2+/KCN crystal for solid-state lighting devices
Authors: da Cunha Andrade Luis Humberto , Lima Sandro Marcio , da Silva Rogério Ventura , Baesso Mauro Luciano , Guyot Yannick , Nunes Luiz Antônio de Oliveira
Published: September 2014

The optical and colorimetric properties of a KCl:Eu2+/KCN crystal are analyzed in this paper to verify its potential for the development of white-light-emitting diode (WLED) devices.
Chiral nematic mesoporous films of Y2O3:Eu3+ with tunable optical properties and modulated photoluminescence
Authors: Chu Guang , Xu Wen , Qu Dan , Wang Yu , Song Hongwei , Xu Yan
Published: September 2014

Hard templating of mesoporous chiral nematic luminescent films of Y2O3:Eu3+ with tunable optical properties and novel emission spectra.
Low temperature solution processed planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells with a CdSe nanocrystal as an electron transport/extraction layer
Authors: Wang Ling , Fu Weifei , Gu Zhuowei , Fan Congcheng , Yang Xi , Li Hanying , Chen Hongzheng
Published: September 2014

Power conversion efficiency up to 11.7% was achieved with a CdSe nanocrystal acting as an electron transport/extraction layer for perovskite solar cells under standard AM1.5G conditions in air.
Iterative interference cancellation in multiuser relaying with fast frequency‐hopping modulation
Authors: Nguyen Tung T. , Nguyen Ha H. , Le‐Ngoc Tho
Published: September 2014

A novel iterative receiver is proposed for relay‐assisted multiuser communications in which multiple users transmit to a destination with the help of a relay and using fast frequency‐hopping modulation. Each user employs a channel encoder to protect its information and facilitate interference cancellation at the receiver. The signal received at the relay is either amplified, or partially decoded with a simple energy detector, before being forwarded to the destination. The proposed iterative receiver exploits the soft outputs of a channel decoder to successively extract the maximum‐likelihood symbols of the users and perform interference cancellation. Under the same spectral efficiency, simulation results demonstrate superior performance of the proposed receiver when compared to the performance of an interference cancellation scheme that was previously proposed for multiuser communications and is extended to multiuser amplify‐and‐forward relaying considered in this study, as well as performance of the maximum‐likelihood multiuser detection for uncoded transmission.
Delay‐scheduler coupled throughput‐fairness resource allocation algorithm in the long‐term evolution wireless networks
Authors: Wang Chiapin , Huang Yuan‐Chieh
Published: September 2014

This study proposes a delay‐scheduler coupled throughput‐fairness resource allocation algorithm for users of mixed traffic in a long‐term evolution (LTE) wireless network. The design objective is to maintain quality of services (QoSs) for real‐time (RT) traffic as well as to provide throughput fairness for non‐RT (NRT) applications. Instead of classifying packets as RT and NRT types like other methods do, the authors’ scheme classifies packets as ‘urgent’ and ‘non‐urgent’ for channel scheduling to optimise the tradeoff between RT, QoS and NRT throughput. The proposed scheme consists of two stages. In the first stage, the scheme determines the scheduling priorities of the ‘urgent’ packets to guarantee QoS for RT services. In the second stage, the authors’ approach aims at providing fairness of channel utilisation for the ‘non‐urgent’ traffic flows including NRT flows and the RT flows which are below the delay bonds. From the simulation results, it is shown that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the QoS for RT users and achieve throughput fairness for NRT users by comparison with other approaches in the downlink transmission of LTE wireless networks.
Asynchronously compensated consensus algorithm for discrete‐time second‐order multi‐agent systems under communication delay
Authors: Liu Cheng‐Lin , Liu Fei
Published: September 2014

Asynchronously compensated consensus algorithm is proposed to solve the dynamical consensus problem of discrete‐time second‐order multi‐agent systems with communication delay. By analysing the consensus convergence of two coupled agents according to frequency‐domain analysis, the authors come to the conclusion that the asynchronously compensated algorithm can endure larger communication delay than the synchronously coupled consensus algorithm. In addition, sufficient conditions are gained for multiple discrete‐time second‐order agents with communication delay under leaderless and leader‐following consensus algorithms, respectively. Numerical examples illustrate the correctness of the results.
Global bounded consensus in heterogeneous multi‐agent systems with directed communication graph
Authors: Wang Lei , Feng Wei‐jie , Chen Michael Z.Q. , Wang Qing‐guo
Published: September 2014

This study investigates the consensus problem for cooperative heterogeneous agents with non‐linear dynamics in a directed communication network. Global bounded consensus is studied by employing a quadratic Lyapunov function, and a distributed consensus protocol is designed by solving a few lower‐dimension linear matrix inequalities associated with the dynamics of the heterogeneous agents. A sufficient condition corresponding to the semi‐positive definiteness of the Laplacian matrix and the non‐linear dynamics of each agent is obtained to guarantee the boundedness of consensus. In particular, to avoid the calculation of matrix eigenvalues, a sufficient condition is also obtained in the form of several scalar inequalities involving the coupling strengths and the property of all paths between agent pairs under a proper path strategy. The presented framework for designing protocols is quite simple with limited conservatism, which can be effectively used to design consensus protocols of various weighted and directed networks.
Shape registration using characteristic functions
Authors: Al‐Huseiny Muayed S. , Mahmoodi Sasan
Published: September 2014

This study presents a fast algorithm for the registration of shapes implicitly represented by their characteristic functions. The algorithm proposed here aims to recover the registration parameters (scaling, rotation and translation) by minimising a dissimilarity term between the two shapes. The proposed algorithm is based on phase correlation and statistical shape moments to compute the registration parameters individually. The registration method proposed here is applied to various registration problems, to address issues such as the registration of shapes with various topologies and registration of complex shapes containing various numbers of sub‐shapes. The method proposed here is characterised with a better accuracy, a higher convergence speed, robustness at the presence of excessive noise and a better performance for registration over large databases of shapes, in comparison with other state‐of‐the‐art shape registration techniques in the literature.
Optimal sizing approach for islanded microgrids
Authors: Bhuiyan Faruk A. , Yazdani Amirnaser , Primak Serguei L.
Published: September 2014

This study proposes a single‐objective optimal sizing approach for an islanded microgrid (IMG). The approach determines the optimal component sizes for the IMG, such that the life‐cycle cost is minimised while a low loss of power supply probability (LPSP) is ensured. As wind speed and solar irradiation exhibit both diurnal and seasonal variations, the proposed algorithm takes advantages of the typical meteorological year‐based chronological simulation and enumeration‐based iterative techniques. The mathematical models presented in this study for the IMG components consider the non‐linear characteristics as well as the reactive power. The LPSP is also formulated based on the supply‐demand balances of both real and reactive powers, and an economic evaluation model is presented. The proposed sizing approach identifies the global minimum, and simultaneously provides the optimal component sizes as well as the power management strategies. This study also presents a number of sensitivity analyses as well as comparisons with a commercial software package.
Quantity transmission and traceability methods of heavy dc standard measurement device
Authors: Ren Shiyan , Liu Qingxin , Liu Xiaojun , Ding Xinying
Published: September 2014

Operation principle, quantity transmission and traceability methods of heavy dc standard measurement device are described. The uncertainty evaluation of the calibration methods and the current ratio accuracy is emphasised. The aim of the study is to establish a quantity transmission and traceability system of heavy direct current. The system consists of the laboratory reference standard device whose accuracy is 0.0005%, the field transfer standard device whose accuracy is 0.02%, the field working standard device whose accuracy is 0.05% and testing, evaluation and traceability method of the value of quantity. The method covers the whole process of self‐calibration, inter‐calibration and the comparison with some other standard measurement device. The research provides a scientific approach to accurate measurement of dc energy consumption, and has broad prospects in energy‐saving and emission‐reduction.
Multiscale computational models in physical systems biology of intracellular trafficking
Authors: Tourdot Richard W. , Bradley Ryan P. , Ramakrishnan Natesan , Radhakrishnan Ravi
Published: September 2014

In intracellular trafficking, a definitive understanding of the interplay between protein binding and membrane morphology remains incomplete. The authors describe a computational approach by integrating coarse‐grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) simulations with continuum Monte Carlo (CM) simulations of the membrane to study protein–membrane interactions and the ensuing membrane curvature. They relate the curvature field strength discerned from the molecular level to its effect at the cellular length‐scale. They perform thermodynamic integration on the CM model to describe the free energy landscape of vesiculation in clathrin‐mediated endocytosis. The method presented here delineates membrane morphologies and maps out the free energy changes associated with membrane remodeling due to varying coat sizes, coat curvature strengths, membrane bending rigidities, and tensions; furthermore several constraints on mechanisms underlying clathrin‐mediated endocytosis have also been identified, Their CGMD simulations have revealed the importance of PIP2 for stable binding of proteins essential for curvature induction in the bilayer and have provided a molecular basis for the positive curvature induction by the epsin N‐terminal homology (EIMTH) domain. Calculation of the free energy landscape for vesicle budding has identified the critical size and curvature strength of a clathrin coat required for nucleation and stabilisation of a mature vesicle.
Enhanced visible and near-infrared capabilities of the JET mirror-linked divertor spectroscopy system
Authors: Lomanowski B. A. , Meigs A. G. , Conway N. J. , Zastrow K.-D. , Sharples R. M. , Heesterman P. , Kinna D. ,   JET EFDA Contributors
Published: September 2014

The mirror-linked divertor spectroscopy diagnostic on JET has been upgraded with a new visible and near-infrared grating and filtered spectroscopy system. New capabilities include extended near-infrared coverage up to 1875 nm, capturing the hydrogen Paschen series, as well as a 2 kHz frame rate filtered imaging camera system for fast measurements of impurity (Be II) and deuterium Dα, Dβ, Dγ line emission in the outer divertor. The expanded system provides unique capabilities for studying spatially resolved divertor plasma dynamics at near-ELM resolved timescales as well as a test bed for feasibility assessment of near-infrared spectroscopy.
Luminescence and superradiance in electron-beam-excited AlxGa1−x
N
Authors: Bokhan P. A. , Gugin P. P. , Zakrevsky Dm. E. , Zhuravlev K. S. , Malin T. V. , Osinnykh I. V. , Solomonov V. I. , Spirina A. V.
Published: September 2014

Luminescence and superradiance characteristics of 0.5–1.2-μm thick AlxGa1−xN films grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on sapphire substrates were studied under excitation of the films with low-energy (<20 keV) and high-energy (170 keV) electron beams. In both cases, the luminescence spectra looked quite similarly; they exhibited a band-edge luminescence with x-dependent wavelength ranging from 365 nm to 310 nm and a broadband emission taking over the whole visible spectral region. Superradiance within the broad band was obtained by pumping the samples with powerful an electron beam in the form of an open-discharge-generated filament.
Two parameters wronskian representation of solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equation, eighth Peregrine breather and multi-rogue waves
Authors: Gaillard Pierre
Published: September 2014

In this paper, we present a representation of solutions of the one dimensional focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation as a quotient of two wronskians depending on two parameters. Here, we give the complete proof of this representation. We have already constructed Peregrine breathers and their two parameter deformations until order 7. With this method, the construction of the explicit analytical expressions of Peregrine breather of order 8 was made for the first time. When parameters a or b are equal to 0, we recover the Peregrine breather of order 8; we obtain multi-rogue waves by deformation of parameters a and b. These expressions enable us to understand the evolution of the solutions. In the case of order 8, it is shown for high values of parameters a or b, the appearance of Peregrine breather of order 6.
Inverse cascade and symmetry breaking in rapidly rotating Boussinesq convection
Authors: Favier B. , Silvers L. J. , Proctor M. R. E.
Published: September 2014

In this paper, we present numerical simulations of rapidly rotating Rayleigh-Bénard convection in the Boussinesq approximation with stress-free boundary conditions. At moderately low Rossby number and large Rayleigh number, we show that a large-scale depth-invariant flow is formed, reminiscent of the condensate state observed in two-dimensional flows. We show that the large-scale circulation shares many similarities with the so-called vortex, or slow-mode, of forced rotating turbulence. Our investigations show that at a fixed rotation rate the large-scale vortex is only observed for a finite range of Rayleigh numbers, as the quasi-two-dimensional nature of the flow disappears at very high Rayleigh numbers. We observe slow vortex merging events and find a non-local inverse cascade of energy in addition to the regular direct cascade associated with fast small-scale turbulent motions. Finally, we show that cyclonic structures are dominant in the small-scale turbulent flow and this symmetry breaking persists in the large-scale vortex motion.
Fusion utility in the Knudsen layer
Authors: Davidovits Seth , Fisch Nathaniel J.
Published: September 2014

In inertial confinement fusion, the loss of fast ions from the edge of the fusing hot-spot region reduces the reactivity below its Maxwellian value. The loss of fast ions may be pronounced because of the long mean free paths of fast ions, compared with those of thermal ions. We introduce a fusion utility function to demonstrate essential features of this Knudsen layer effect, in both magnetized and unmagnetized cases. The fusion utility concept is also used to evaluate the restoring reactivity in the Knudsen layer by manipulating fast ions in phase space using waves.
Current induced annealing and electrical characterization of single layer graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition for future interconnects in VLSI circuits
Authors: Prasad Neetu , Kumari Anita , Bhatnagar P. K. , Mathur P. C. , Bhatia C. S.
Published: September 2014

Single layer graphene (SLG) grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been investigated for its prospective application as horizontal interconnects in very large scale integrated circuits. However, the major bottleneck for its successful application is its degraded electronic transport properties due to the resist residual trapped in the grain boundaries and on the surface of the polycrystalline CVD graphene during multi-step lithographic processes, leading to increase in its sheet resistance up to 5 MΩ/sq. To overcome this problem, current induced annealing has been employed, which helps to bring down the sheet resistance to 10 kΩ/sq (of the order of its initial value). Moreover, the maximum current density of ∼1.2 × 107 A/cm2 has been obtained for SLG (1 × 2.5 μm2) on SiO2/Si substrate, which is about an order higher than that of conventionally used copper interconnects.
Intrinsic electromechanical properties of ferroelectric ceramics with the coexistence of tetragonal and rhombohedral phases near the morphotropic phase boundary
Authors: Wu Yugong , Hou Jiankun
Published: September 2014

A model for electromechanical properties of ferroelectric ceramics with the coexistence of tetragonal and rhombohedral phases near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) is presented explicitly in this paper. With the probability density function of orientation and the domain switching criterion, the three-dimensional orientation space is divided into subfields for 14 types (6 for tetragonal and 8 for rhombohedral phase, respectively). According to the polarization components PT0 for tetragonal phase and PR0 for rhombohedral phase derived from the Landau-Devonshire free energy function, we introduce the ratio of spontaneous polarizations A = PR0/PT0, covering all possible situations near MPB, so that electromechanical properties with the coexistence of two phases are treated in a united way. This model makes it possible to estimate the effect of phase coexistence on intrinsic part of the ferroelectric properties. A specific example is also included.
Quantum Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo
Authors: Fantoni Riccardo , Moroni Saverio
Published: September 2014

We present a path integral Monte Carlo method which is the full quantum analogue of the Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo method of Panagiotopoulos to study the gas-liquid coexistence line of a classical fluid. Unlike previous extensions of Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo to include quantum effects, our scheme is viable even for systems with strong quantum delocalization in the degenerate regime of temperature. This is demonstrated by an illustrative application to the gas-superfluid transition of 4He in two dimensions.
Excess Ni-doping induced enhanced room temperature magneto-functionality in Ni-Mn-Sn based shape memory alloy
Authors: Pramanick S. , Chatterjee S. , Giri S. , Majumdar S.
Published: September 2014

Present work reports on the observation of large magnetoresistance (∼−30% at 80 kOe) and magnetocaloric effect (∼12 J·kg−1·K−1 for 0–50 kOe) near room temperature (∼290 K) on the Ni-excess ferromagnetic shape memory alloy Ni2.04Mn1.4Sn0.56. The sample can be thought of being derived from the parent Ni2Mn1.4Sn0.6 alloy, where excess Ni was doped at the expense of Sn. Such Ni doping enhances the martensitic transition temperature and for the Ni2.04Mn1.4Sn0.56 it is found to be optimum (288 K). The doped alloy shows enhanced magneto-functional properties as well as reduced saturation magnetization as compared to the undoped counterpart at low temperature. A probable increment of antiferromagnetic correlation between Mn-atoms on Ni substitution can be accounted for the enhanced magneto-functional properties as well as reduction in saturation moment.
Electro-caloric effect in lead-free Sn doped BaTiO3 ceramics at room temperature and low applied fields
Authors: Upadhyay Sanjay Kumar , Reddy V. Raghavendra , Bag Pallab , Rawat R. , Gupta S. M. , Gupta Ajay
Published: September 2014

Structural, dielectric, ferroelectric (FE), 119Sn Mössbauer, and specific heat measurements of polycrystalline BaTi1–xSnxO3 (x = 0% to 15%) ceramics are reported. Phase purity and homogeneous phase formation with Sn doping is confirmed from x-ray diffraction and 119Sn Mössbauer measurements. With Sn doping, the microstructure is found to change significantly. Better ferroelectric properties at room temperature, i.e., increased remnant polarization (38% more) and very low field switchability (225% less) are observed for x = 5% sample as compared to other samples and the results are explained in terms of grain size effects. With Sn doping, merging of all the phase transitions into a single one is observed for x ≥ 10% and for x = 5%, the tetragonal to orthorhombic transition temperature is found close to room temperature. As a consequence better electro-caloric effects are observed for x = 5% sample and therefore is expected to satisfy the requirements for non-toxic, low energy (field) and room temperature based applications.
Synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4–TiO2 core-shell nanoparticles
Authors: Stefan M. , Pana O. , Leostean C. , Bele C. , Silipas D. , Senila M. , Gautron E.
Published: September 2014

Composite core-shell nanoparticles may have morpho-structural, magnetic, and optical (photoluminescence (PL)) properties different from each of the components considered separately. The properties of Fe3O4–TiO2 nanoparticles can be controlled by adjusting the titania amount (shell thinness). Core–shell nanoparticles were prepared by seed mediated growth of semiconductor (TiO2) through a modified sol-gel process onto preformed magnetite (Fe3O4) cores resulted from the co-precipitation method. The structure and morphology of samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high resolution-TEM respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was correlated with ICP-AES. Magnetic measurements, optical absorption spectra, as well as PL spectroscopy indicate the presence of a charge/spin transfer from the conduction band of magnetite into the band gap of titania nanocrystals. The process modifies both Fe3O4 and TiO2 magnetic and optical properties, respectively.
Comprehensive magnetotransport characterization of two dimensional electron gas in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor structures leading to the assessment of interface roughness
Authors: Mishra Manna Kumari , Sharma Rajesh K. , Manchanda Rachna , Bag Rajesh K. , Thakur Om Prakash , Muralidharan Rangarajan
Published: September 2014

Magnetotransport in two distinct AlGaN/GaN HEMT structures grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) on Fe-doped templates is investigated using Shubnikov de-Haas Oscillations in the temperature range of 1.8–6 K and multicarrier fitting in the temperature range of 1.8–300 K. The temperature dependence of the two dimensional electron gas mobility is extracted from simultaneous multicarrier fitting of transverse and longitudinal resistivity as a function of magnetic field and the data is utilized to estimate contribution of interface roughness to the mobility and the corresponding transport lifetime. The quantum scattering time obtained from the analysis of Shubnikov de Haas Oscillations in transverse magnetoresistance along with the transport lifetime time were used to estimate interface roughness amplitude and lateral correlation length. The results indicate that the insertion of AlN over layer deposited prior to the growth of GaN base layer on Fe doped GaN templates for forming HEMT structures reduced the parallel conduction but resulted in an increase in interface roughness.
Phase coherent transport in hollow InAs nanowires
Authors: Wenz T. , Rosien M. , Haas F. , Rieger T. , Demarina N. , Lepsa M. I. , Lüth H. , Grützmacher D. , Schäpers Th.
Published: September 2014

Hollow InAs nanowires are produced from GaAs/InAs core/shell nanowires by wet chemical etching of the GaAs core. At room temperature, the resistivity of several nanowires is measured before and after removal of the GaAs core. The observed change in resistivity is explained by simulating the electronic states in both structures. At cryogenic temperatures, quantum transport in hollow InAs nanowires is studied. Flux periodic conductance oscillations are observed when the magnetic field is oriented parallel to the nanowire axis.
Investigation of jetting system of the spudcan to ease extraction in clayey soils
Authors: Jo Chul Hee , Lee Jun Ho , Rho Yu Ho , Kim Do Youb
Published: September 2014

An offshore wind turbine in shallow water is installed by a self-elevated mobile unit that is usually referred to as a jack-up barge or jack-up vessel. The jack-up vessel consists of a buoyant platform together with independent legs that can position the vessel above the water, thereby reducing external loadings for a safe operation condition. The retrieval process for the jack-up legs can be very difficult due to the high extraction resistance caused by soft soil. In soft clay, high suction force can develop around the spudcan attached at the end of the jack-up legs. Therefore, a jetting system is required to break the suction in order to pull out the legs. It is important to design the jetting system with an optimized piping arrangement to allow the easy operation. Various factors must be considered in the design of the jetting piping system since the level of embedment, type of soil, and pipe sizes and locations can affect the performance of the system. In this paper, we present the characteristics of west coast geological features by subsea geological survey and the design of jetting system that was analyzed using pipe flow analysis program.
Pharmacologic rescue of an enzyme-trafficking defect in primary hyperoxaluria 1
Authors: Miyata Non , Steffen Janos , Johnson Meghan E. , Fargue Sonia , Danpure Christopher J. , Koehler Carla M.
Published: September 2014

Significance

The lethal disorder, primary hyperoxaluria 1 (PH1), is caused by mutations in peroxisomal-localized alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT). AGT contains a C-terminal peroxisomal targeting sequence, but mutations generate a strong N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence that directs AGT to mitochondria. Although mutant AGT is functional, the enzyme must be in the peroxisome to detoxify glyoxylate and prevent oxalate accumulation. We have identified a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug, dequalinium chloride (DECA), from a chemical genetic screen to identify probes that attenuate mitochondrial protein import. DECA treatment restores trafficking of mutant AGT from mitochondria to peroxisomes with a subsequent reduction in oxalate levels. Thus, repurposing DECA has potential in therapeutic strategies for PH1 because current clinical trials have not produced an effective treatment, short of organ transplant.
Understanding the limits of animal models as predictors of human biology: lessons learned from the sbv IMPROVER Species Translation Challenge
Authors: Rhrissorrakrai Kahn , Belcastro Vincenzo , Bilal Erhan , Norel Raquel , Poussin Carine , Mathis Carole , Dulize Rémi H. J. , Ivanov Nikolai V. , Alexopoulos Leonidas , Jeremy Rice J. , Peitsch Manuel C. , Stolovitzky Gustavo , Meyer Pablo , Hoeng Julia
Published: September 2014

Motivation: Inferring how humans respond to external cues such as drugs, chemicals, viruses or hormones is an essential question in biomedicine. Very often, however, this question cannot be addressed because it is not possible to perform experiments in humans. A reasonable alternative consists of generating responses in animal models and ‘translating’ those results to humans. The limitations of such translation, however, are far from clear, and systematic assessments of its actual potential are urgently needed. sbv IMPROVER (systems biology verification for Industrial Methodology for PROcess VErification in Research) was designed as a series of challenges to address translatability between humans and rodents. This collaborative crowd-sourcing initiative invited scientists from around the world to apply their own computational methodologies on a multilayer systems biology dataset composed of phosphoproteomics, transcriptomics and cytokine data derived from normal human and rat bronchial epithelial cells exposed in parallel to 52 different stimuli under identical conditions. Our aim was to understand the limits of species-to-species translatability at different levels of biological organization: signaling, transcriptional and release of secreted factors (such as cytokines). Participating teams submitted 49 different solutions across the sub-challenges, two-thirds of which were statistically significantly better than random. Additionally, similar computational methods were found to range widely in their performance within the same challenge, and no single method emerged as a clear winner across all sub-challenges. Finally, computational methods were able to effectively translate some specific stimuli and biological processes in the lung epithelial system, such as DNA synthesis, cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix, translation, immune/inflammation and growth factor/proliferation pathways, better than the expected response similarity between species.

Contact:  pmeyerr@us.ibm.com or Julia.Hoeng@pmi.com

Supplementary information:  Supplementary Data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Environmental dependence of star formation induced by cloud collisions in a barred galaxy
Authors: Fujimoto Yusuke , Tasker Elizabeth J. , Habe Asao
Published: September 2014

Cloud collision has been proposed as a way to link the small-scale star formation process with the observed global relation between the surface star formation rate and gas surface density. We suggest that this model can be improved further by allowing the productivity of such collisions to depend on the relative velocity of the two clouds. Our adjustment implements a simple step function that results in the most successful collisions being at the observed velocities for triggered star formation. By applying this to a high-resolution simulation of a barred galaxy, we successfully reproduce the observational result that the star formation efficiency (SFE) in the bar is lower than that in the spiral arms. This is not possible when we use an efficiency dependent on the internal turbulence properties of the clouds. Our results suggest that high-velocity collisions driven by the gravitational pull of the clouds are responsible for the low bar SFE.
A Clinical Scoring Algorithm for Determination of the Risk of Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Adults: A Cohort Study Performed at Ethiopian Health Centers
Authors: Balcha T. T. , Skogmar S. , Sturegård E. , Schön T. , Winqvist N. , Reepalu A. , Jemal Z. H. , Tibesso G. , Björk J. , Björkman P.
Published: September 2014

Background.  The World Health Organization (WHO) tuberculosis (TB) symptom screening instrument (WHO-TB) can ide.jpegy human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals at low risk of tuberculosis (TB); however, many patients report WHO-TB symptoms and require further TB investigations. We hypothesized that further clinical scoring could classify subjects with a positive WHO-TB screening result (WHO-TB+) for the likelihood of TB.

Methods.  HIV-infected adults eligible to initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) were recruited and prospectively followed at 5 Ethiopian health centers. Irrespective of symptoms, all participants underwent sputum bacteriological testing for TB. Symptoms, physical findings, hemoglobin, and CD4 cell count results were compared between subjects with and those without bacteriologically confirmed TB. Variables associated with TB in WHO-TB+ individuals were used to construct a scoring algorithm with multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results.  Among 812 participants, 137 (16.9%) had TB. One hundred fifty-nine persons (20%) had a negative WHO-TB screen, 10 of whom had TB (negative predictive value [NPV], 94% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 90%–97.5%]). For WHO-TB+ subjects, the following variables were independently associated with TB, and were assigned 1 point each in the clinical scoring algorithm: cough, Karnofsky score ≤80, mid-upper arm circumference <20 cm, lymphadenopathy, and hemoglobin <10 g/dL. Among subjects with 0–1 points, 20 of 255 had TB (NPV, 92% [95% CI, 89%–95%]), vs 19 of 34 participants with ≥4 points (positive predictive value, 56% [95% CI, 39%–73%]). The use of WHO-TB alone ide.jpegied 159 of 784 (20%) with a low risk of TB, vs 414 of 784 (53%) using WHO-TB followed by clinical scoring (P< .001). The difference in proportions of confirmed TB in these subsets was nonsignificant (6.3% vs 7.2%; P= .69).

Conclusions.  Clinical scoring can further classify HIV-infected adults with positive WHO-TB screen to assess the risk of TB, and would reduce the number of patients in need of further TB investigations before starting ART.

Clinical Trials Registration.  NCT01433796.
Hospitalization for Toxicity in Patients Treated With Rituximab
Authors: Ninan Mary J. , Liu Yang , Kuo Yong-Fang , Goodwin James S.
Published: September 2014

Objectives:

To estimate the rates of hospitalizations in patients within 12 months after the first rituximab administration.

Methods:

Patients who received rituximab between 2001 and 2008 for either benign or malignant conditions were identified from Texas Medicare files. The hospitalization rates for these patients with any diagnoses that might represent toxicity were then compared in the 12 months before and after the first infusion of rituximab. Dose-response analyses were performed on the basis of the number of doses received in the 8 weeks after initiating rituximab and also using the cumulative number of doses as a time-dependent covariate.

Results:

In all, 2623 patients received rituximab as a single agent for malignant indications and 1124 received it for benign indications. Overall inpatient admission rates did not differ significantly between the 12 months before and after rituximab initiation in patients with benign or malignant conditions. Those with malignant conditions had higher rates of hospitalizations for cardiovascular, infectious, pulmonary, and neurological diagnoses after rituximab initiation. In those with nonmalignant conditions, the only increase was in hospitalizations for infections. Neither group of patients showed any clear dose-response relationships with any toxicity.

Conclusions:

The increased hospitalizations for potential toxicities seen in patients with malignant disease were presumably because of the underlying disease process and not rituximab. Rituximab does not appear to be associated with hospitalizations for serious toxicity within 12 months after the first infusion, with the possible exception of infection.
Novel Immunotherapies for B-Cell Lymphomas and Leukemias
Authors: Tees Michael T. , Sokol Lubomir
Published: September 2014

Current immunotherapeutic agents under investigation have the potential to significantly expand our ability to effectively treat B-cell malignancies. New disease targets, novel strategies to deliver therapy, and advanced agents that work to manipulate the immune system are a few of the ways immunotherapy has quickly evolved. Novel targeted and immune-modifying therapies may demonstrate early potential but unique toxicities and other limitations, such as difficulties in administration, must also be acknowledged. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the current immunotherapies under investigation against B-cell malignancies.
Streptomyces burgazadensis sp. nov., isolated from soil
Authors: Saricaoglu Salih , Isik Kamil , Veyisoglu Aysel , Saygin Hayrettin , Cetin Demet , Guven Kiymet , Spröer Cathrin , Klenk Hans-Peter , Sahin Nevzat
Published: September 2014

A novel actinobacterial strain, designated Z1R7T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Burgazada, in the Marmara Sea (Turkey), and the strain identity was determined using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The organism had chemotaxonomic and morphological properties consistent with its classification in the genus

Streptomyces

and it formed a distinct phyletic line in the 16S rRNA gene tree, together with the type strains

Streptomyces specialis

GW41-1564T (95.76 %),

Streptomyces mayteni

YIM 60475T (95.64 %),

Streptomyces hainanensis

YIM 47672T (95.53 %),

Streptomyces hoynatensis

S1412T (95.29 %),

Streptomyces avicenniae

MCCC 1A01535T (94.74 %),

Streptomyces sedi

YIM 65188T (94.59 %) and

Streptomyces zhaozhouensis

NEAU-LZS-5T (94.68 %). Chomotaxonomic data revealed that strain Z1R7T possesed MK-9 (H8) as the predominant menaquinone, ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and galactose, glucose and ribose as whole cell sugars. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phoshphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol were the predominant polar lipids; iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 were the major fatty acids, and the genomic DNA G+C content was 69.4 mol%. On the basis of these genotypic and phenotypic data, it is proposed that isolate Z1R7T ( = KCTC 29434T = DSM 42126T) should be classified in the genus

Streptomyces

as Streptomyces burgazadensis sp. nov.
Amphritea ceti sp. nov., isolated from faeces of Beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas)
Authors: Kim Young-Ok , Park Sooyeon , Kim Doo Nam , Nam Bo-Hye , Won Sung-Min , An Du Hae , Yoon Jung-Hoon
Published: September 2014

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and rod-shaped or ovoid bacterial strain, designated RA1T, was isolated from faeces collected from Beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) in Yeosu aquarium, South Korea. Strain RA1T grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain RA1T joins the cluster comprising the type strains of three species of the genus

Amphritea

, with which it exhibited 95.8–96.0 % sequence similarity. Sequence similarities to the type strains of other recognized species were less than 94.3 %. Strain RA1T contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C18 : 1ω7c and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain RA1T were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified lipids and one unidentified aminolipid. The DNA G+C content of strain RA1T was 47.4 mol%. The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain RA1T is separated from other species of the genus

Amphritea

. On the basis of the data presented, strain RA1T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus

Amphritea

, for which the name Amphritea ceti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RA1T ( = KCTC 42154T = NBRC 110551T).