bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nurses as Warriors
Authors: Vivek S. , Varghese Sam , Ratheesh R. , Raghu Kala
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

In December 2019, the global outbreak of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) was announced. The pandemic has cast a spotlight like never before on health-care professionals in general, and nurses in particular. Nurses have been dubbed “warriors” by the general public for their determination to provide frontline care to patients with the disease, despite the risk of exposure and a lack of professional resources. The goal of the study was to assess the obstacles and consequences faced by Kerala nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2021 among Kerala nurses. A total of 1630 nurses were chosen using a randomized sampling technique. The data were gathered using a semi-structured self-reported questionnaire. The information was entered into a database and analyzed using SPSS program version 16.0.

Results:

After analyzing the data, seven themes emerged: (a) love for the profession; (b) frustration for being labeled as “COVID Nurses”; (c) fear of infection and transmission; (d) personal protective equipment uncertainty; (e) workplace safety especially against hospital violence; (f) burnout in nurses; and (g) job stress.

Conclusion:

Nurses undertook a hazardous rescue mission and played an essential contribution in COVID-19 pandemic. Over the course of intensive work, they underwent significant psychological changes. Nurses burnout and occupational stress must be addressed with effective interventions. In order to mitigate the pandemic, the administration should also promote a healthy workplace and have a positive attitude and harmonious connection with the frontline personnel.
Efficacy of the Miniscrew-Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion
Authors: Nallamilli Leela Venkata Soujanya , Patowary John , Cherukuri Sai Abhishiktha , Shankar Kiran S. , Varma Praveen Kumar , Kauser Afreen , Pandey Pritee Rajkumar
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

One of the most common procedures done in orthodontics is the rapid maxillary expansion for the treatment of transverse maxillary deficiency. Hence, in the present study, we aim to evaluate the efficacy of the rapid palatal expansion assisted with the miniscrews.

Materials and Methods:

We piloted a prospective observational study among 50 age-matched adolescent participants. They were grouped equally to receive miniscrew and tooth-borne expanders. The alterations after 6 months of wearing the expanders were calculated for the root length variations of the premolars, tipping of the tooth, buccal bone thickness, and the transverse skeletal widths using the “cone-beam computed tomography” images. Comparison of the values was done between the groups using the Chi-square and ANOVA test, deliberating P < 0.05 as significant.

Results:

We observed significantly greater values for the miniscrew expander for all the four parameters than the tooth-borne device. However, there was no significant variation for the root lengths variations between the two groups. No tipping was noted for the miniscrew expander.

Conclusions:

The miniscrew palatal expander brought faster expansion of the palate than the conventional palatal expanders. The miniscrews were also safe with no adverse effects and were efficus.
Correlation of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice with their Oral Health Status among Young Adults of Nursing Care
Authors: Lakshmi K Priya Deepa , Venkatalakshmi S , Bharath C , Saravanan N , Reddy Lingaladinne Swetha , Nagilla Jithender
Published: July 2022

Background:

Nursing profession execute an imperative role in health promotion, disease, and injury prevention, providing care and assist in cure of patients with diverse age groups, and backgrounds both in individual and community settings. The study aimed to determine and compare the oral health knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) with oral health status among nursing students in Salem.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted on nursing students of Vinayaka Mission's Annapoorna College of Nursing, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India. The study included self-administered questionnaire covering demographic details and oral health KAP questions (18-items) followed by oral examination using the World Health Organization survey (2013). Data analysis was performed using SPSS 22.

Results:

Two hundred and sixty-one students were included in the survey (63 males and 198 females). Females reported better mean ± standard deviation (SD) in knowledge (24.08 ± 4.3), attitude (5.43 ± 1.3), and practice (10.82 ± 1.5, P = 0.000) than males. Moreover third-year students had higher mean ± SD scores in knowledge (24.42 ± 4.3) and practice (10.89 ± 1.7) while higher mean ± SD attitude scores (5.61 ± 1.2) was reported among second years. Relationship between attitude-practice indicated a positive significant correlation (r = 0.145, P = 0.05).

Conclusions:

There are an adequate knowledge, negative attitude, and inadequate practice toward oral health among nursing students. The study introspects the gap between knowledge and actions. As attitude influence on a person's behavior, discriminate knowledge in the right direction to best bring out the outcomes.
Surgical Management and Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Dentigerous Cyst Associated with Impacted Mandibular Canine
Authors: Nag Ravi , Singh Jagjeet , Chhabra Upasana , Mathur Jaya
Published: July 2022

The most frequent odontogenic developing cyst linked with an impacted tooth is the dentigerous cyst. They are normally asymptomatic and are identified during routine radiography tests to see if a tooth is missing from the arch. This case report is designed to demonstrate how an enucleated dentigerous cyst with impacted teeth led to the spontaneous recovery of a bone defect without the need for bone graft. The radiographic scan (OPG) 6 months after cystectomy revealed the creation of adequate bone for the insertion of the implants. As a result of this procedure, the patient's functional, physiologic, and psychological demands were addressed, and the cyst recurrence was avoided. Dental implants were the greatest choice for tooth replacement if significant bone regeneration could be achieved.
Comparison of the Length of Styloid Process in Panoramic Radiographs to Computed Tomography as the Gold Standard
Authors: Thomas Deena C. , Jo Shiana , Jacob George , Vivek V , Potti Soumya , Sruthy C. S
Published: July 2022

Aims:

To compare the length of styloid process assessed using computed tomography (CT) and panoramic radiographs (PAN).

Materials and Methods:

PAN were taken for 15 patients requiring CT reporting to PMS Dental College or metro scans, after obtaining informed consent and fulfilling all the inclusion and exclusion criteria. CT images were taken in metro scans. The apparent lengths of styloid process were measured in both CT and PAN using software provided with the respective machines. Ethical committee approval was obtained from PMS Dental College, Trivandrum.

Results:

The length of left styloid process in CT was observed 20–30 mm in 4 (27%) patients and same in PAN was observed in 5 (33%) patients. Out of 15 patients, abnormal styloid process (length >30 mm) was observed in 11 (73%) patients when measured with CT and 10 (67%) patients in PAN. In CT, the length of the styloid process on the right side was observed between 20 and 30 mm, in 3 (20%) patients. PAN of 2 (13%) patients were found between 20 and 30 mm. On the right side, abnormal styloid process (length >30 mm) was noted in 12 (80%) patients using CT and 13 (87%) patients in PAN. The length of styloid process in the combined sample (both right and left side) was found to be between 20 and 30 mm in 3 (10%) patients and styloid process >30 mm long (in both CT and PAN) was observed in 12 (40%) patients.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrated positive correlation between CT and panoramic measurements. “P” values were statistically significant on both sides with values of right side (P = 0.01) and left side (P = 0.002), respectively. Hence, PAN, which are routinely taken, cost-effective and involving relatively low radiation dose, may be used as substitute for CT for the purpose of diagnosis of elongated styloid process. However, for precise measurement of the length of styloid process, CT is still the imaging modality of choice.
The Potential Role of Telemedicine in Early Detection of Oral Cancer
Authors: Almubarak Hussain
Published: July 2022

The 5-year survival rates of oral cancer have not improved significantly since many decades. It is believed that “diagnostic delay” plays a critical role in determining the prognostic outcomes. At present, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to drastic changes within a short period of time and has resulted in many serious consequences at different levels worldwide. Although it is evident that COVID-19 is a major concern when it comes to people's health, it carries with it a message of hope, a desire to survive, and an opportunity to address many unprecedented challenges. This has left the doors wide open to use “telemedicine” as an essential tool to counter the rapid shift in health-care services and to meet the high demands in different health specialties including oral medicine. The aim of this review is to explore the potential roles of telemedicine in early detection of oral cancer and to highlight both the benefits and the limitations of the available applications and technologies. The clinical applications of telemedicine show a great potential in early detection of oral cancer, but the evidence of their effectiveness is still not conclusive. This needs to be investigated, especially in the developing countries where “telemedicine” may prove to be highly valuable in the future.
An in vitro Investigation of the Sealing Ability of Biodentine and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate as Retrofilling Materials after the use of Various Irrigating Solutions
Authors: Gowri Sree , Jayasheelan Nishi , Kutty Shakkira Moosa , Kumar Pradeep , Shetty Divya , Banu Kausar
Published: July 2022

Aim:

The purpose of this study was to assess the sealing ability of Biodentine (BD) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as retrograde filling materials after irrigation with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and QMix irrigating solutions.

Materials and Methods:

Decoronation of 48 permanent maxillary central incisors was done. Root canal instrumentation was carried out in the samples. The apical root was resected for about 3 mm and retrocavities were prepared. Teeth were allocated into two groups (n = 24). MTA was used in Group 1. BD was used in Group 2. Depending on irrigation, the groups were subdivided A, B, and C subgroups. Group A − 0.9% saline; Group B − 17% EDTA; and Group C − QMix were used. The resected root end was irrigated with 5 ml of all irrigating solutions for 1 min. After final irrigation, cavities were filled with retrofilling materials in each group. Nail enamel was applied to the surfaces of the roots apart from the resected end. Roots were placed in India ink for 72 h. Teeth were sectioned longitudinally and microleakage was determined with a stereomicroscope.

Statistical Analysis:

Analysis was done using the one-way analysis of variance, Independent t-test, and post hoc test.

Results:

Statistically significant difference in the degree of microleakage was observed between irrigating solutions and the retrofilling materials.

Conclusion:

BD exhibits a better sealing ability compared to MTA as a retro filling material following QMix irrigation.
Comparative Evaluation of Outcome of Natural Antioxidants on Shear Bond Strength of Composite Bonded to Bleached Enamel
Authors: Srinivasan Srividhya , Kadandale Sadasiva , Vishwanath Sankar , Murugesan Kalaiarasi , Parthasarathy Revathy , Thanikachalam Yashini
Published: July 2022

Background:

The depletion of bond strength after the bleaching procedure has resulted in the usage of several antioxidants to get rid of discharging oxygen from residual peroxides before any adhesive restorations.

Aim:

The in vitro study aimed to compare and evaluate the shear bond strength of composite after application of three over-the-counter natural antioxidants on bleached enamel.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty-six extracted human anterior teeth were decoronated at the level of cementoenamel junction and implanted into self-cure acrylic resin exposing the labial surface alone. The embedded specimens were categorized into six groups of six teeth each, and the groups were as follows: Group I: unbleached + composite bonding, Group II: bleaching + delayed composite bonding, Groups III, IV, and V: bleaching + antioxidants – olive oil/Vitamin E oil/propolis + immediate composite bonding, and Group VI: bleaching + immediate composite bonding. The shear bond strength analysis was performed with the help of the universal testing machine, and the values obtained were statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS for Windows, v. 21.0.

Results:

The results obtained from the study reveal that all the three experimental groups showed an increase in the shear bond strength in comparison to Group VI (positive control) and the difference in the bond strength between the experimental groups and positive control is also statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Within the limitations of this study, although the bond strength of composite resin after application of the three natural over-the-counter antioxidants falls very closely, the usage of oil-based antioxidants had been found to perform less effectively in improving the shear bond strength.
Comparative Evaluation of Novel Bulk Fill Resin Composites with Conventional Composites for Microleakage Formation – A Steromicroscopic Study
Authors: Warad Jyoti , Manish A. , Airani Altamash Khan , Sreenivasalu Pavan Kumar Pavagada , Kulkarni Sangeeta , Kumari R. Ambika
Published: July 2022

Aim:

The purpose of this study was to assess and compare microleakage of two novel bulk-fill resin composites with traditional incremental composites.

Materials and Methods:

Standardized conservative Class II cavities were made on 120 sound maxillary premolars having approximately 4 mm of width with 2 mm gingival extension below CEJ keeping all line angles round and cavosurface margins beveled. Samples were categorized into the group of three (n = 40), based on composites used; Smart Dentine Replacement (SDR), X Tra Fill, and Z350 XT. The prepared cavities were filled with respective composites to a depth of 4 mm. Post thermocycling, Specimens were absorbed in 0.5% methylene blue for 8 h and soaked in tap water for 12 h samples were later split in mesiodistal direction at the center of the composite restorations with diamond disc. A total of 240 samples were obtained. The samples were viewed with ×20. One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Bonferroni test were used to derive statistical data.

Results:

SDR demonstrated considerably less micro leakage in comparison with X-Tra fill composites. Significantly high microleakage was observed in the traditional composites (Z350 XT).

Conclusion:

Novel Bulk-fill resin composites exhibited better adaptability and less microleakage compared to traditional multilayer composites.
Computation and Collation of Torque Expression in 0.018 Inch and 0.022 Inch Preadjusted Bracket Slots on Passive Insertion of Full-Size Archwire
Authors: Kumar A. Anand , Sekar Sharmila , Kumar S. Sathesh , Divakar G. , Vijayarangam Kumaran , Arulselvi S.
Published: July 2022

Aim:

To quantify and compare the prescribed torque expressed in preadjusted edgewise 0.018-inch and 0.022-inch bracket slot on passive insertion of full-size archwire using finite element method.

Materials and Methods:

Geometric model of the maxillary arch created with dimensions of the brackets and archwires scanned using microcomputed tomography were converted to finite element model using HYPERMESH V 12.0 software. Material properties were assigned and boundary conditioning was given. 0.017 × 0.025 inch, 0.018 × 0.025 inch, 0.019 × 0.025 inch, 0.021 × 0.025 inch stainless steel wires were inserted and ligated using 0.010 inch stainless steel wire. The amount of torque in each wire was quantified and compared.

Results:

0.018 × 0.025-inch stainless steel archwire in 0.018-inch slot expressed more torque than 0.017 × 0.025-inch wire; in 0.022-inch slot 0.021 × 0.025-inch wire showed more torque. Torque expression in 0.018-inch slot was more than 0.022-inch slot. Torque expressed was less than the prescribed value in both bracket slots.
Role of Orthodontic Tooth Movement on Temporomandibular Joint
Authors: Patowary John , Ravada Usha Sree Sathya , Kandikatla Pradeep , Kumar Amit , Varma Praveen Kumar , Thakur Sneha , Ravuri Preetham
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Orthodontic treatment may bring about changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc. Hence, we aim to assess the impact of the orthodontic tooth movement on the articular disc repositioning of TMJ.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted an observational prospective study among 50 class IIdiv-I subjects. The magnetic resonance images were used to evaluate TMJ during the orthodontic treatments. The phases were T1-start of treatment, T2-thru phase I, T3-at the end of phase I, and T4-at the end of phase II. The qualitative values were compared for the disc changes.

Results:

No significant changes in the disc position or the regression were seen with open or closed mouth between T1-T3, T3-T4, and T1-T4. Significant variation for the position of the disc was seen in the opened mouth between T3-T4. Significant variation for the form of the disc was seen when closed at T1-T2 and T2-T3.

Conclusions:

Disc of the TMJ maintained the form and position during the treatments.
Oral Hygiene Practices and Knowledge on Periodontal Diseases and Therapy
Authors: Devi S. Sakthi , Divyapriya G. K. , Viswanathan Krishnan , Murugappan Senthil , Balu B. Pratebha , Sweta V. S. Ananya
Published: July 2022

Background:

Gypsy “Narikuravars” constituted separate sociocultural groups having distinct cultures, customs, traditions, and lifestyles. Oral health-seeking behavior of this group remains to be an ignored part. This study aims to assess the oral hygiene practices and knowledge on periodontal diseases and therapy among Gypsy Narikuravars in Puducherry.

Materials and Methods:

The total study population consisted of 100 subjects, and a performed validated pro forma about oral hygiene practices and knowledge on periodontal diseases was used.

Results:

There is no significant association between sociodemographic factors and knowledge on periodontal disease and therapy. Majority (90%) of the participants have poor knowledge of periodontal disease and therapy. 56% of the participants used their fingers to clean the teeth, and very few subjects (13%) used toothbrush to clean their teeth, and most of the participants (92%) brushes once daily using manual method.

Conclusion:

The practice of poor oral hygiene and lack of knowledge on periodontal disease and therapy was observed. Hence, the implementation of oral health programs and provision of comprehensive health services for these Gypsy population should be a high priority.
Role of Dentist
Authors: Almutairi Faris Jaser , Alsuwaydani Ziyad Ahmad , Ali Abdul Salam Thekkiniyakath , M. Alraqibah Mohammed Abdullah , Alharbi Bader Massad A. , Alyahya Rayan Suliman A. , Alrudhayman Saleh Mohammed N. , Albisher Rema Othman
Published: July 2022

Dental practice has evolved over time and has adapted to the challenges that it has faced. The risk of infection spread via droplet and airborne routes poses a significant risk to the dentist who works close to patients. The risk of cross-infection between dental health-care personnel and patients can be very high due to the peculiar arrangements of dental settings. Dental clinics should have air purification systems with high volume excavators and negative pressure rooms for COVID-19 screening. Mucormycosis is a fungal disease that mostly occurs in immunocompromised individuals and those with uncontrolled diabetes. Dental extraction can trigger the occurrence. Increased occurrence of mucormycosis is seen in COVID-affected patients. This article gives a review on the dentistry-related transmission of COVID 19, the relation of COVID and mucormycosis.
Assessing the Validity and Reliability of Tooth Widths and Bolton Ratios Obtained from Digital Models and Plaster Models
Authors: Kumar A. Anand , Ananthakrishnan M. G. , Kumar Sathesh , Divakar G. , Sekar Sharmila , Dharani S
Published: July 2022

Aim:

The aim of the study is to compare and evaluate the validity and reliability of tooth widths and Bolton ratios measured from digital models obtained from intraoral scanners and plaster models derived from alginate and polyvinyl siloxane impression materials.

Materials and Methods:

Alginate and polyvinylsiloxane impression was taken for 40 subjects, orthokal stone was poured and grouped as Group I and Group II, respectively. Intraoral scanning was done using Trios Pod 3shape for the same patients, digital models were obtained and grouped as Group III. OrthoAnalyzer software was used for obtaining measurements in digital models and Aerospace Vernier calipers in plaster models. The validity and reliability of the three groups were quantified and compared.

Results:

Validity measurements showed significant differences between tooth widths and Bolton ratios obtained from digital models and plaster models indicating higher accuracy for plaster models whereas reliability coefficients were excellent for digital models indicating better reproducibility of values.

Conclusion:

The study shows significant differences in accuracy on measuring with vernier calipers and Orthoanalyzer software showing plaster models are still better than digital models for measuring tooth widths and bolton ratios.
Aesthetic Perception of Patients and Dentists on Conventional and Characterized Complete Dentures
Authors: Raj Naveen , Ahmed Shafath , Nandini Vidyashree V. , Lathief Jailance , Kumar Dilip , Surya R.
Published: July 2022

Objective:

The objective of the study was to compare the perception of patients and dentists regarding the esthetics achieved with conventional and characterized complete dentures.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty completely edentulous participants were selected and given both conventional and characterized complete dentures. Participants including patients wearing the dentures and dentists subsequently evaluated both types of dentures by giving scores using 0–10 cm Visual Analog Scale on denture esthetics. The esthetic scores were statistically analyzed using paired t-test (P = 0.05 as significant).

Results:

Patients' satisfaction with conventional and characterized complete dentures were statistically similar except for the fact that patients were more satisfied with ideal arrangement of teeth in conventional denture (standard deviation [SD]-7.0 ± 2,0) compared to the characterized (SD-4.8 ± 2.7) arrangement of the teeth (P = 0.038).

Conclusions:

Aesthetic satisfaction with complete dentures was influenced by the patients' socioeconomic status. Patients could not see any significant difference between conventional and characterized complete denture.
Comparative Analysis of Biofilm Formation on Materials Used for the Fabrication of Implant Supported Prostheses
Authors: Pawar Ranjit Omprakash , Narote Priyanka Sadashivrao , Gawai Kailas Tukaram , Amte Manjiri Prakash , Singh Sandeep , Sonkesriya Subhash
Published: July 2022

Background:

Zirconia and other dental pottery, heat-restored polymethyl methacrylate, titanium and other metal amalgams, or a mix of these materials are utilized to fix inserts. It is important to choose a material that is resistant to bacterial colonization for implant-supported prostheses, but durability and aesthetics are important factors as well.

Aim:

Biofilm generation on materials used in implant-supported dental prosthesis manufacturing was an objective of this investigation.

Methods and Materials:

In this study, 90 discs were prepared. These discs were divided into three groups: group PMMA, group Y-TZP, and group CP-Ti. Each group consisted of 30 discs. As helpful materials, 30 discs (D = 15 mm, H = 3 mm) each were created from either monetarily unadulterated titanium (CP-Ti), yttria tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (YTZP), or hotness-restored polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The examples were cleaned as per acknowledged practices. The non-contact profilometer (NPFLEX, Bruker, UK) was utilized to survey the surface rougness of each disc, and the outcomes were accounted for as Ra (m). An assortment of gram-negative microbes, including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Tannerella albicans, were refined close by cleaned discs produced using heat-relieved PMMA, Y-TZP, or CP-Ti to see which type of biofilm is shaped best. CFU/mL was the unit of estimation (state framing units per milliliter).

Results:

Y-TZP discs have a substantially higher Ra (349 41 m) than PMMA and CP-Ti discs. Some bacteria that have been associated with peri-mucositis and peri-implantitis may be less prevalent on Y-TZP or CP-Ti discs. Biofilm development must be considered while making implant-supported prostheses using Y-TZP and CP-Ti.

Conclusion:

Y-TZP and CP-Ti are preferred materials for implant-supported prosthesis production because of biofilm development.
A Cheiloscopy Study among Students of Different Regional States in Eastern India
Authors: Mishra Pallavi , Panda Abikshyeet , Dash Kailash Chandra , Kumar Harish , Bhuyan Lipsa , Mahapatra Niva
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

India is one of the largest countries which is inhabited by diverse populations of different tribes, castes, religious, and migrant groups. In forensic investigation, personal identification plays the greatest importance. Lip prints are considered as one such tool for personal identification. Study of lip prints is referred to as cheiloscopy and they are considered as unique in every individual just like fingerprints.

Materials and Methods:

Three hundred randomly selected specimens were taken in our study comprising of both the genders and of various regions from Odisha, West Bengal (WB) and Bihar was considered in the study. The age selected in our study ranged from 18 to 25 years comprising of 151 males and 149 females. Lip impression was made and viewed for different lip prints pattern under a magnifying glass of 10X.

Results:

There was a total of six lip print type identified in the present study. The type of lip print pattern found more in males was Type 2 and in females was Type 1. The type of lip print pattern found more in Bihar and WB was Type 2 and Odisha was Type 1.

Conclusion:

As the lip print is unique for every individual, Cheiloscopy is considered as a useful method of identification in forensic odontology. The study showed statistically significant difference in gender with a variation in geographical location.
Clinical Assessment of Anatomic Origin Effect on the Clinical Outcomes in Primary Squamous Cell Carcinomas Affecting Nasoethmoidal Complex
Authors: Bangeennavar Bheemappa F , Barbi Wagisha , Nayan Kamal , Kumari Lalima , Babjee Kundirthi Chaitanya , Sonali Priyanka
Published: July 2022

Background:

Sinonasal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) present a great challenge in their diagnosis and management owing to their rapid growth, regional recurrence, local recurrence, and aggressive spread locally.

Aims:

The present clinical trial was conducted to evaluate anatomic subsites' impact on the outcomes concerning SCCs affecting ethmoid sinuses and nasal cavity.

Materials and Methods:

Medical records for tumor staging, tumor classification, grading (histologic) clinical features, symptoms, anatomic subsite, p16 results, treatment provided, and the Tumor-related outcomes were obtained for 28 subjects. Following staging and grading, p16 assays were evaluated along with disease-specific survival and disease-free survival. The collected data were subjected to the statistical evaluation and the results were formulated by keeping the level of significance at P < 0.05.

Results:

Origin was seen from nasal septum, nasal floor, lateral wall, ethmoid sinus, and edge of naris to mucocutaneous junction in 21.4% (n = 6), 7.14% (n = 2), 35.71% (n = 10), 7.14% (n = 2), and 28.57% (n = 8) subjects, respectively. For tumor staging, Stages I, II, III, and IV tumors were seen in, respectively, 39.28% (n = 11), 21.42% (n = 6), 10.71% (n = 3), and 28.57% (n = 8) study subjects. Node status was N0, N1, N2, and N3 in 78.57% (n = 22), 3.57% (n = 1), 7.14% (n = 2), and 10.71% (n = 3) subjects. Carcinoma arising from nasal septum had statistically significant worse disease-specific survival compared to carcinomas arising from other sites (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The present study concludes that anatomic subsites largely govern the outcomes and tumor behavior. Also, squamous cell carcinoma affecting the nasal septum is an aggressive tumor with more compromised outcomes and more lymph node involvement.
Correlation Between BMI, Caries Prevalence, and Sugar-containing Beverage Intake in 6-10 Year Old Children
Authors: Raj Anil , Kashyap Sandeep , Kundra Komal , Kandari Shefali , Rela Rathi , Naz Farha
Published: July 2022

Background:

The beverages containing sugar are proven risk factors for obesity and dental caries. Therefore, owing to the shared risk factors, an interrelationship is suspected between BMI, sugar beverage consumption, and dental caries in children.

Aims:

The present trial was carried out to assess the interrelationship between BMI, sugar beverage consumption, and dental caries in children aged 6–10 years.

Materials and Methods:

Eighty-six children within the age range of 6–10 years answered the health questionnaire. The BMI was calculated, intra-oral assessment was done, the frequency of sweetened beverage consumption was recorded, and the collected data were subjected to the statistical evaluation to formulate results.

Results:

On evaluation, a non-significant difference was observed in BMI levels in the four groups (P = 0.12). Whole-milk intake also showed an inverse correlation with dental caries and BMI, but this correlation was statistically non-significant with the respective values of P = 0.57 and 0.55. A similar inverse relationship was seen for low-fat milk for caries and BMI with P = 0.65 and 0.45, respectively. Regarding soft drinks, 44.1% (n = 38) took soft drinks, and a non-significant relation between caries and intake as well as BMI and intake with P = 0.86 and 0.55, respectively.

Conclusion:

Within its limitations, the present study concludes that no correlation exists between BMI and dental caries as well as between sugar-containing beverage consumption and dental caries. Also, BMI and sugar-containing beverage consumption showed no correlation in children aged 6–10 years.
Sealing Ability of Obturation with Different Sealers Applied Over Apically Separated Rotary File – Retrograde Bacterial Leakage Study
Authors: Rao Cheeti Rajashekar , Chukka Rakesh R. , Gandhi Shrimanikandan A. , Tiriveedi Rishitha , Senthilnathan Natarajan , Patil Pradnya R.
Published: July 2022

Background and Aims

. Retrieval of separated rotary file may not be possible many times. Then sealing of coronal root canal system depends on sealing ability of root canal sealers. The type of seal to be obtained should be bacterial-tight seal. Hence it is important to evaluate the sealing ability of obturation with different newer sealers with separated file in apical 3rd of root canals with bacterial penetration method using e.fecalis.

Methods:

Forty six human mandibular molars extracted for periodontal reasons were collected. After Decoronation of teeth Protaper rotary S1 files (Dentsply Maillefer) were intentionally separated in apical third of canal and obturated with gutta-percha (Prime Dental Products, India) along with zinc oxide eugenol sealer (Dental products of India-Mumbai) in Group I, Nano Zinc oxide eugenol (Nano Research Lab, Jharkand, India) in Group II and MTA sealer (Angelus, Londrina, Brazil) in Group III. Samples were assessed for bacterial leakage with E fecalis for 48 hours. The number of colony forming units was assessed.

Results:

The values obtained were subjected to one way ANOVA test and significance level was set to 0.05. Group I scored the highest mean value of (6.58), followed by Group II (3.91). The lowest Mean value was with Group III (2.91). However there was no statistical significant difference in Mean values among groups with (p-value 0.05).

Conclusion:

The mean value of colony forming units in Group III was 2.91, in Group II 3.91 and 6.58 in Group I. None of the groups demonstrated complete bacteria-tight seal.
Comparative Evaluation of Salivary and Serum High-Sensitive C-Reactive Protein in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: SaranyaDevi K. Sakthi , Rekha B. Sasi , Thiyagarajan J. Vijay , Dhivya R. , Mihiran Suriyahanth , Santhosh S.
Published: July 2022

Aim:

The aim of this study is to comparatively evaluate the serum and salivary high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI).

Subjects and Methods:

The study group consisted of 60 patients of whom 30 were MI patients and 30 were controls. Serum hs-CRP was assessed using particle-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay. Saliva hs-CRP is determined using a microplate reader cum UV photospectrometer from BMG.

Results:

In this study, levels of both serum and salivary hs-CRP in control and MI patients showed a positive correlation. Saliva can be used as an alternative biofluid to determine hs-CRP in MI patients.

Conclusion:

Saliva can be used as a alternative biofluid to determine the risk as well as to determine prognosis in acute myocardial infarction.
The Effect of Heat Treatments on the Mechanical Properties of Expired Endodontic Gutta-percha – An in vitro Study
Authors: Alamoudi Ruaa A. , Basahel Mahfouz M. , Almehayawi Nouf F. , Alazaiqi Mohammed A. , Alghamdi Nuha S.
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Expired gutta-percha (GP) can lose its mechanical properties. This study aimed to compare the tensile strength values between expired and nonexpired GP-cones and to assess the outcome of different heat temperatures on this strength.

Materials and Methods:

Two-hundred-forty ProTaper points were obtained from nonexpired and 2 years expired pack with two different subgroups (sealed or exposed to air and light). All groups were subjected to the following treatments: control, 90°C water bath and cool either at room temperature or 0°C and 70°C water bath and cool either at room temperature or at 0°C. The strength under the tensile load was calculated using the universal testing machine.

Results:

The collected data were evaluated by one-way analysis of variance. Tensile strength for all control groups did not show any difference. Significant increase in the tensile strength in groups heated for 1 min in a water bath at 70°C, the tensile strengths were 8.19 ± 2.72 Mpa and 5.94 ± 1.14 Mpa cooled at 25°C and 0°C, respectively, P ≤ 0.001. Two years expiration did not lower the tensile strength of the GP and exposure to air and light did not show any change. Appropriate storage of GP is a key factor to extend its lifespan.

Conclusion:

A clinician may consider using expired GP as long as there are no noticeable changes in their structure and properties. A simple chairside technique using hot water may be helpful in restoring the mechanical properties of expired GP.
Exploration of Serum Prostatic Specific Antigen Level in Enlarged Prostate with its Histopathological Correlation
Authors: Sharma Malvashree , Jamaiyar Anshu
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Prostate lesions are of common occurrence in men, particularly in old age. Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) has remained a primary screening diagnostic aid for these lesions coupled with ultrasound and biopsies. The discovery of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) has led to novel pathways in the detection of these lesions, particularly for malignant types. Hence this study was undertaken to correlate histopathological findings with PSA levels in a health care facility in Ranchi.

Material and Methods:

The study was conducted in Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi. Serum PSA values and histopathological evaluation of prostatic biopsies were conducted and correlated. Raised serum PSA levels were divided into three groups based on set values.

Results:

A definite predilection for older ages was noted, with the 5th and 6th decades having the highest numbers of prostatic lesions. The sensitivity of PSA in the detection of carcinoma prostate cases was calculated to be 81.8%. The sensitivity of DRE was found to be 45.45% in the detection of cases of carcinoma of the prostate.

Conclusion:

The current study demonstrated serum PSA levels to be a reliable front-line technique in assessing an individual's risk for prostatic lesions.
Sub-mucosal Dexamethasone for Post-operative Pain and Oedema Control in Lower Third Molar Surgery
Authors: Virkar Yogiraj B. , Chawla Jitendra , Changmai Arindom , Kumar Krishna , Abhishek Kumar , Jawaid Moazzam
Published: July 2022

Background:

Surgical excision of the problematic mandibular third molars causes substantial tissue damage and an inflammatory response. Discomfort and edema are common postoperative signs and symptoms caused by the latter. To find out whether dexamethasone may help with the edema and pain that come along with the surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars, researchers have performed clinical studies.

Methods:

Twenty individuals with bilaterally affected mandibular third molars who were scheduled for extraction participated in a prospective trial. At two separate sessions, teeth were raised and cut after buccal ostectomy. Since the surgical operation on the left foot, both patients were administered a mixture of 4 mg dexamethasone submucosal injection and antibiotics for 3 days. On the 1st, 3rd, and 7th postoperative days, edema and pain were assessed.

Results:

At the 1st, 3rd, and 7th postoperative days, there was a clinically meaningful decrease in the level of edema and discomfort in both arms.

Conclusions:

The current report offers empirical proof that administering a 4 mg dexamethasone submucosal injection during surgery greatly reduced post-surgical edema and discomfort.
Evaluation of Soft-Tissue Grafting in Peri-implantitis – An Original Research
Authors: Borah Rajshree , Cherukuri Sai Abhishiktha , Moturu Manasa , Baig Fawaz Abdul Hamid , Elanangai E. , Ahmad Faisal Noor , Tiwari Rahul V. C.
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

With the increased application of the implants for the restoration of the lost teeth, the peri-implantitis cases are seen on a rise. Hence, we conducted a study retrospectively to evaluate, among the peri-implantitis cases, the success of the soft-tissue grafting.

Material and Methods:

We piloted a retrospective study among 50 subjects of both genders who underwent the soft-tissue grafting for the treatment of the peri-implantitis of a total of 69 implants. The clinical parameters noted were at the baseline and at various years of follow-ups. The data of the clinical parameters were noted, and the data thus noted were compared deliberating P < 0.05 as significant.

Results:

Thin soft-tissue biotype was noted among all the subjects, with the increased width of the keratinized mucosa. Significant lowering of the probing depth, bleeding on probing, and the mobility of the tissue were noted.

Conclusions:

We can conclude that soft-tissue grafting Is a benificial method for the peri-implantitis treatment.
Efficacy of Ozone to Eliminate Endopathogenic Microorganism in Rootcanal Biofilm
Authors: Pawar Madhura , Agwan Muhammed Atif Saleem , Toshniwal Nandalal G. , Biswas Krishna , Raina Rupshi , Pawar Swapnil
Published: July 2022

Objective:

The researchers wanted to see whether ozonated water with ultrasonication and sodium hypochlorite can destroy Enterococcus faecalis bacteria in root canals.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 40 single-rooted human teeth were used. A total of 100 roots were harvested and mechanically prepared. The root canals were randomly divided into four classes (n = 10) after being infected with E. faecalis for 24 h. Each sample's MTT value was calculated.

Conclusions:

NaOCl and aqueous ozone provide antibacterial effects in in-vitro conditions in root canals.
In vitro Evaluation of Laser vs. Handpiece for Tooth Preparation
Authors: Vaddamanu Sunil K. , Vyas Rajesh , Kavita Kumari , Sushma R , Aboobacker Akhila S. , Dixit Arti , Kumar Amit
Published: July 2022

Background:

The erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) laser has been revealed to effectively ablate dental hard tissues, and its utilisation to caries eradication and cavity preparation is envisaged. Nevertheless, only a limited research has been performed on the Er:YAG laser's capacity to treat caries.

Aim and Objectives:

The efficiency of caries elimination with an Er:YAG laser in vitro was equated to that of traditional mechanical therapy in this study.

Methodology:

The investigation made use of teeth that had suffered from root caries. The Er:YAG laser was used to treat half of each tooth, while the other half was either removed with a conventional bur or left untouched as a control. Each therapy was evaluated in terms of how long it took to remove cavities, histological examinations of decalcified serial sections, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses and the density of the dentin.

Result:

A longer treatment time was required for the Er:YAG laser to completely eradicate carious dentin because of its precise irradiation strategy. However, the Er:YAG laser was effective in removing diseased and softening carious dentin with little heat injury to neighbouring intact dentin, much as the bur treatment. It was also shown that the Er:YAG laser treatment had a lower amount of vibration than other methods. The SEM study of the lased dentin surface revealed characteristic micro-irregularities.

Conclusion:

The Er:YAG laser system appears to be a potential novel technical option for caries therapy, based on our findings.
Detection of Human PapillomaVirus and its Association with Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Rathore Anushree , Tiwari Anushree , Nazim Maira , Gupta Anup Kumar , Gande Mounica , Krishnakumar Jyothi
Published: July 2022

Aim:

This study was carried out with the objective of recognizing the involvement of human papillomavirus (HPV) in conditions of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant conditions and lesions.

Materials and Methods:

OSCC samples from thirty patients were collected and thirty paraffin-embedded, oral premalignant specimens were collected. It was decided to use as a negative control samples gingiva from healthy individuals who had no prior history of oral proliferative leukoplakia or OSCC. The samples were then processed using a paraffin-embedded tissue block method. Deoxyribonucleic acid will be extracted from the paraffin-embedded tumor sample of sixty case subjects and tested for the presence of HPV DNA using polymerase chain reaction.

Results:

In study Group 1, 24 samples were taken from males and 6 from females. In study Group 2, 26 cases were males and 4 were females. In Group 1, 16 cases of moderately differentiated and 14 cases of well differentiated each were present. No case of poorly differentiated were found. There was statistically no significant difference present between male and female when Group 1 and Group 2 was considered. In study Group 1, 0 samples had positive HPV DNA detection, whereas 30 samples had negative HPV DNA detection. In study Group 2, 0 samples had positive HPV DNA detection, whereas 30 samples had negative HPV expression.

Conclusion:

According to our findings, certain incidences of OSCC may be linked to HPV, however, this was not the case for all of the cancers.
Peaks Detector Algorithm after CFAR for Multiple Targets Detection
Authors: Hameed Syed Waqar
Published: July 2022

The constant false alarm rate (CFAR) algorithm is a strong technique to detect and track dynamic targets in an environment of an unknown noise floor. Multiple reflections of a pulse from a target and different signal processing techniques applied to the received pulse, make it spread along the range and/or Doppler axis. Spreading of a pulse results in a cluster of targets detection for a single target when the CFAR technique is applied to it. This causes difficulties in calculating those target’s parameters which require only a single maximum peak for a target, such as Radar cross-section (RCS), relative phase, etc. This manuscript proposes a solution, which extracts a single independent peak for a target that had clusters of peaks after CFAR. The novelty of the algorithm is that it works well to extract a single peak for each of all targets in the multiple targets environment, as compared to the conventional global maxima finding techniques which outputs only one target of the maximum amplitude while suppressing the rest of the small targets. The algorithm is basically a local maxima finder algorithm termed as peaks detector algorithm. An attractive feature of this algorithm is that it neither disturbs the Probability of false alarm rate (Pfa) of CFAR nor it affects the probability of detection (Pd) of a target. The algorithm is tested and its performance is evaluated in a multiple targets environment on the output of 1D and 2D CFAR.
A new European service to share GNSS Data and Products
Authors: Fernandes Rui , Bruyninx Carine , Crocker Paul , Menut Jean-Luc , Socquet Anne , Vergnolle Mathilde , Avallone Antonio , Bos Machiel , Bruni Sergio , Cardoso Rui , Carvalho Luis , Cotte Nathalie , D'Agostino Nicola , Deprez Aline , Andras Fabian , Geraldes Fernando , Janex Gael , Kenyeres Ambrus , Legrand Juliette , Ngo Khai-Minh , Lidberg Martin , Liwosz Tomasz , Manteigueiro José , Miglio Anna , Soehne Wolfgang , Holger Steffen , Toth Sandor , Dousa Jan , Ganas Athanassios , Kapetanidis Vassilis , Batti Gabriela
Published: July 2022

This paper describes the new GNSS data and product services that have been developed within the context of the EPOS (European Plate Observing System) European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC), which is part of the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures. These services, optimized for Solid Earth research applications, endeavour to harmonise, and standardise Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data collection and processing. They have been implemented by the members of the GNSS Data & Products (EPOS-GNSS), one of the Thematic Core Services (TCS) of EPOS with the active support of national and pan-European infrastructures (in particular the Regional Reference Frame Sub-Commission for Europe (EUREF) of the International Association of Geodesy). The optimized use of data from dozens of diverse European GNSS networks, installed not specifically for geodynamic studies, created additional requirements from an organizational and technical point of view, the solutions for which we describe in this article. The data flows from data suppliers and analysis centers to the various TCS Data & Product Portals are described, as well as their integration into the overall EPOS system. This is made through GLASS (GNSS Linkage Advanced Software System), a dedicated software package developed since 2016, whose architecture and functionalities are detailed here. Time series and other GNSS products computed at the several analysis centers are described as are the quality control steps that are performed. Finally, several user cases are presented that demonstrate how different stakeholders (from data providers to scientists) can benefit from the efforts being carried out by the EPOS- GNSS community.