bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O CONTROLE DE CONSTITUCIONALIDADE JUDICIAL EM MEDIDAS PROVISÓRIAS
Authors: Grobe Bianca Karine , Furlan Cássio Andrei Vargas , Hülse Levi
Published: January 2023

Busca-se com o presente estudo analisar a possibilidade de o judiciário realizar controle de constitucionalidade em medidas provisórias. O controle de constitucionalidade é um instrumento para garantir a soberania de uma constituição, podendo ser exercido em diferentes momentos pelos três poderes. Por sua vez, a medida provisória é uma norma anômala, pois possui um processo legislativo diferenciado e decorre da função atípica do Poder Executivo, possuindo requisitos específicos previstos pela própria Constituição. Por essa razão, considerando que a MP é uma legislação pós-constitucional, é possível o exercício do controle de constitucionalidade judicial quando houver suspeita de vícios formais ou materiais na referida norma.
PALAVRAS CHAVE: Medida Provisória; Controle de Constitucionalidade; Judiciário.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to analyze the possibility for the judiciary to carry out constitutionality control in provisional measures. Judicial review is an instrument to guarantee the sovereignty of a constitution, which can be exercised at different times by the three powers. In turn, the provisional measure is an anomalous rule, as it has a differentiated legislative process and stems from the atypical function of the Executive Branch, having specific requirements provided for by the Constitution itself. For this reason, considering that the MP is a post-constitutional legislation, it is possible to exercise judicial control of constitutionality when there is suspicion of formal or material defects in the said norm.
Keywords: Provisional Measure; Constitutionality Control; Judiciary.
Sistem Informasi Pendaftaran Peserta Didik Baru di MTs. Sunan Ampel Dampit
Authors: Farhan  , Mudhifatul Jannah Urnika , Choirina Priska
Published: January 2023

Pendaftaran Peserta Didik Baru (PPDB) merupakan salah satu proses di instansi pendidikan sekolah yang berfungsi untuk mempermudah proses pendaftaran peserta didik baru. PPDB di MTs. Sunan Ampel, yang merupakan salah satu instansi di bawah naungan Yayasan Pondok Pesantren Raudlatul Ulum Annawawi ini masih dilakukan secara manual. Pendaftaran di instansi yang memiliki tujuan untuk memberikan pendidikan kepada para siswa di wilayah Desa Sumber Suko, dan sekitarnya ini menggunakan Microsoft Office Excel. Proses input data secara manual memungkinkan masih banyak terjadi kesalahan data pendaftar. Selain itu juga sistem  pengarsipan formulir pendaftar peserta didik baru bisa hilang. Agar sistem pendaftaran lebih baik, maka peneliti mengembangkan sistem informasi PPDB di MTs. Sunan Ampel. Pengembangan dilakukan menggunakan metode Waterfall yang dilakukan secara berurutan, dan menggunakan metode Black Box untuk pengujian. Hasil pengujian menunjukan bahwa aplikasi berjalan dengan baik, dan hasil presentase menunjukan tingkat keberhasilan 100%. Maka dari itu aplikasi yang sudah dibangun layak digunakan. Sistem informasi pendaftaran peserta didik baru ini dapat mempermudah pendaftar untuk mendapatkan formulir serta dapat mempermudah panitia dalam melakukan rekapitulasi data pendaftar.
Perancangan Sistem Presensi Siswa Dengan Fitur Realtime Notification Whatsapp Menggunakan Scrum Framework (Studi Kasus : MTs Darul Hikam Bantur)
Authors: Sirojuddin Muhammad , Tri Utomo Listanto , Prima Darajat Pangestuti
Published: January 2023

Perancangan sistem presensi siswa dengan fitur realtime notification whatsapp merupakan inovasi dari sistem presensi yang dipergunakan di MTs Darul Hikam Bantur saat ini, MTs Darul Hikam Bantur merupakan salah satu sekolah menegah pertama yang berada di Desa Srigonco, Kecamatan Bantur, Kabupaten Malang, dimana proses presensi atau kehadiran siswanya masih dilakukan secara konvensional dengan mencatat pada buku daftar presensi. Selain itu rendahnya tingkat kedisiplinan siswa disaat jam pelajaran membuat pihak sekolah mengirimkan surat kepada orang tua siswa agar datang ke sekolah untuk memastikan informasi yang sebenarnya. Proses yang dilakukan ini cukup memakan waktu untuk memberitahukan secara realtime kepada orang tua siswa sehingga kurang efisien dan efektif penyampaian tersebut. Untuk Menindak lanjuti  hal tersebut maka perlu dibuat sebuah sistem presensi yang terkomputerisasi dengan fitur realtime notification whatsapp. Penelitian ini mengunakan kerangka kerja Scrum. Tahapan dalam pengembangan sistem dimulai dari analisis, pembuatan produk backlog, sprint, demo produk serta delivery produk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem presensi siswa ini mampu menghasilkan suatu output cetak laporan presensi siswa, jurnal menggajar dan dapat mengirimkan informasi kehadiran siswa ke wali murid.
Audit Sistem Informasi Manajemen Akademik (SIMA) Menggunakan Framework COBIT 5.0 Domain Align, Plan and Organise (APO) Studi Kasus : Universitas Islam Raden Rahmat Malang
Authors: Rohmah Nur , Wahyudi Farid , Mudhifatul Jannah Urnika , Nyndia Rahmawati Zurriat
Published: January 2023

Universitas Islam Raden Rahmat (UNIRA) Malang menggunakan Sistem Informasi Manajemen Akademik (SIMA) untuk menunjang kegiatan pengolahan akademik. SIMA ini perlu dilakukan audit untuk mengetahui tingkat kapabilitas, sehingga dapat memberikan rekomendasi untuk membantu unit Digital Center (DC) mencapai tujuan dan menghasilkan nilai melalui tata kelola dan manajemen teknologi informasi yang baik. Proses audit ini menggunakan kerangka kerja COBIT
5.0 domain APO. Responden untuk pengambilan sampel dalam audit ini berjumlah 5 orang yang bertanggungjawab mengelola SIMA. Pengukuran tingkat kapabilitas sistem menggunakan skala penilaian level kapabilitas mulai dari level 0 (incomplete process) hingga level 5 (optimizing process). Hasil perhitungan audit SIMA yaitu bahwa tingkat kapabilitas yang diperoleh berdasarkan keseluruhan rerata adalah pada tingkatan angka 3 (established process), sehingga masih perlu dilakukan evaluasi kinerja maupun operasional tata kelola dari SIMA dan subjek yang terlibat di dalamnya karena terjadi ketidakseimbangan proses TI tersebut. Level target yang ingin dicapai adalah level 4 (predictable process), sehingga perlu disusun beberapa   rekomendasi   untuk   mengevaluasi   dan   meningkatkan   pelayanan akademik di UNIRA Malang
Penilaian Mahasiswa Berprestasi Menggunakan Metode Simple Additive Weighting Berbasis Decision Support System
Authors: Ramadhan Rizal Furqan , Widodo Anang Aris
Published: January 2023

Mahasiswa merupakan keluaran dari sebuah perguruan tinggi sebagai bentuk menatap generasi bangsa kedepan. Kualitas perguruan tinggi perlu diperhatikan mengingat hubungan antara mahasiswa dan perguruan tinggi sangat erat. Perguruan tinggi sebagai obyek pendidikan sedangkan mahasiswa merupakan hasil keluaran dari pendidikan tersebut. Mahasiswa sebagai bentuk keluaran dari sebuah perguruan tinggi diharapkan mampu memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan pada kemajuan bangsa dan negara. Mahasiswa merupakan generasi muda dan cermin dari perkembangan negara kedepan. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan sebuah penilaian dari proses belajar mahasiswa baik di bangku perkuliahan maupun kegiatan diluar bangku kuliah sebagai bahan eksplorasi diri. Di era revolusi industri 4.0, teknologi berkembang sangatlah pesat. Revolusi industri 4.0 juga mempengaruhi aktifitas kerja manusia. Semua bidang kegiatan manusia mampu digantikan dengan teknologi. Teknologi Informasi tidak lepas dari perhitungan matematis. Salah satu metode matematis dalam bidang komputasi adalah metode Simple Additive Weighting, dimana metode ini mampu menghasilkan perhitungan dalam membuat sebuah keputusan. Dengan menggunakan metode Simple Additive Weighting pada penilaian prestasi mahasiswa diharapkan menghasilkan keluaran yang valid. Dari penelitian ini dihasilkan 3 mahasiswa dengan nilai tertinggi serta menggunakan kriteria penilaian kombinasi yakni kriteria akademik dan kriteria non akademik.
EFL Students' Perceptions toward the Integration of Bahasa Indonesia (L1) In English Language Teaching
Authors: Saputra Nizar , Asirah Asirah
Published: January 2023

The application of the first language (L1) in English language teaching (ELT) has long been practiced, and its practice has been controversial in foreign language teaching. This research aims to investigate students’ attitudes toward the application of Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian students’ L1) in ELT. This research is framed through a quantitative survey in which the 32 participants were invited to take online self-administered questionnaires. Result suggests that the integration of Bahasa Indonesia in English language teaching as a pedagogical tool is considered beneficial to improve students’ English proficiency, enhance English vocabulary, and improve comprehension. In addition, the participants also believed that the numerous use of L1 or Bahasa Indonesia may provide less opportunity for students to develop their speaking skills. When it comes to preferences of language use in ELT, most students agreed that their English teachers should integrate both Bahasa Indonesia and English, in which the use of Bahasa Indonesia to be minimized while English to be predominated.
Within-family variation in larval viability and growth is controlled by different genes: a case study with Crassostrea gigas
Authors: Pan FTC , Manahan DT , Hedgecock D
Published: January 2023

Variation in growth and survival of planktonic larvae has profound effects on marine population abundance. Environmental causes of differential larval growth and mortality are well studied, but genetic variation in these traits is less well understood. Here, we reveal genetic variation in survival and growth of full-sib larvae of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas reared under identical conditions. We size-selected 1.42 million, 24 d old larvae to produce small, medium, and large size classes, constituting 93% of the population. Parental tissues and a total of 144 larvae sampled from each size class were individually genotyped with a panel of 45 mapped DNA markers. Consistent with previous work, 11 markers had genotypic frequencies that differed significantly from their Mendelian expectations and, upon mapping, are explained by 6 viability quantitative trait loci (vQTL). Notably, shell-length variance among size classes maps to 6 major growth QTL (gQTL), with just 2 collectively explaining 18% of the variance. We found little overlap between vQTL and gQTL, suggesting that variation in these larval traits is controlled by different genes. This study demonstrates the feasibility of genotyping single larvae for the identification of multiple QTL. Understanding genetic variation in larval biology is important for a comprehensive understanding of marine recruitment.
Breeding failures and reduced nest attendance in response to heat stress in a high-latitude seabird
Authors: Olin AB , Dück L , Berglund PA , Karlsson E , Bohm M , Olsson O , Hentati-Sundberg J
Published: January 2023

Climate change research on seabirds has so far focused mainly on indirect effects acting via impacts at lower trophic levels. However, seabirds that breed in exposed sites may also be vulnerable to direct impacts from extreme weather events such as heatwaves, which are projected to increase in both severity and frequency with climate change. Yet there are relatively few field studies of how breeding seabirds respond to heatwaves. Here, we used video footage from a breeding colony of common guillemots Uria aalge in the Baltic Sea over 4 consecutive breeding seasons (2019-2022) to explore responses to air temperature and sun exposure. We found a positive relationship between temperature and 2 thermoregulatory behaviours: panting and postural changes. In addition, we show that as temperatures increase, breeding partners spend less time together at the colony. At the highest temperatures, some birds even temporarily abandon their eggs and chicks. Of 48 breeding failures recorded on video over 4 breeding seasons, we documented 13 cases directly associated with heat stress (corresponding to ca. 9% of all 150 breeding attempts recorded); 11 of these occurred during 2 periods with sunshine and particularly high temperatures in 2020 and 2022. Using a larger data set (>500 breeding attempts over 12 seasons), we also identified a clear increase in the probability of egg loss at higher temperatures. As such, the responses of breeding seabirds to heatwaves could have important demographic consequences in some populations, especially as heatwaves continue to increase in frequency and magnitude.
Systemic and tissue neutrophil responses to experimental trauma
Authors:   , Teuben Michel Paul Johan
Published: January 2023

Neutrophils are the most abundant type of circulatory white blood cells. Neutrophil activation can be triggered by stimuli such as bacterial invasion, obstruction of vessels, fractures or organ injuries. Upon severe trauma, or following myocardial infarction, a pathological neutrophil response can occur. This may form the basis for life threatening complications like organ failure. Furthermore, this may also lead to impaired wound or fracture healing in trauma cases. The current thesis demonstrates that prolonged surgery (> 60 minutes) for trauma is associated with aberrant neutrophil presence in blood. To be more precise, the total number of circulatory neutrophil drops significantly after 60 minutes of surgery. Moreover, the number of a specific subtype of neutrophils, which are normally virtually absent, rises during ongoing surgery. These findings could form a first pathophysiological background for the ‘Damage Control Surgery´-concept. In additional experiments it was shown that during these post-traumatic neutrophil alterations, the pulmonary as well as the bone marrows neutrophil populations also change markedly. Furthermore, in the case of isolated fractures, both blood and pulmonary neutrophil populations differ from healthy conditions for as long as two weeks. It was further shown that the applied treatment strategy for fracture fixation affects the viability of neutrophils in fracture hematoma. These novel insights may form the basis for novel treatment modalities and guidelines, resulting in improved outcome of trauma patients.
Electronic Cigarette Use Among Emerging and Young West Indian Adults
Authors: Dhandoolal Rayshell , De Gannes Shivanni , Dhanoolal Andrew , Desaine Matthew , Dukhoo Dania , Duncombe Stephen , Dupraj Dylan , Dorsett Tai , Dialsingh Isaac , Sakhamuri Sateesh , Pinto Pereira Lexley M.
Published: January 2023

Currently, evidence concerning electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use in the West Indies is unavailable. This study examines the prevalence and associated factors of e-cigarette use in young Trinidadian adults, 6 years after e-cigarettes were introduced in Trinidad. Young adults between the ages of 18 and 40 years were surveyed from May–June 2016. Based on the survey results, descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used to identify correlations in e-cigarette use. The prevalence of those who had used e-cigarettes was 24.6%, and 41.9% of these people had used both e-cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes. A high proportion (16.95%) of those who had never used tobacco cigarettes had used e-cigarettes. Males were twice as likely as females to have used e-cigarettes (odds ratio [OR]: 2.60; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.85–3.68), and participants aged 18–25 years were more likely than those aged 36–40 years to use e-cigarettes (OR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.14–0.81). The predictors of e-cigarette use as assessed by univariate analysis were current tobacco cigarette smoking (OR: 9.34; 95% CI: 6.14–14.39; p<0.001) and the belief that e-cigarettes are dangerous to health (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.44–0.85; p=0.004). The predictors as assessed by multivariate logistic regression (adjusted OR) were ethnicity (p=0.043), education (p=0.012), and age group (p=0.007). Those who quit using tobacco cigarettes were 7.98 times more likely to use e-cigarettes (95% CI: 4.21–15.45), and those who knew that e-cigarettes contain nicotine were 2.70 times more likely to use them (95% CI: 1.53–4.86; p<0.001). Two summative scales were constructed that measured knowledge and perception. The perception scale, but not the knowledge scale (Cronbach’s alpha=0.736), was a significant predictor of e-cigarette use. The number of e-cigarette users is high (24.6%) in young adults in Trinidad and in those who have never smoked tobacco (16.95%). Current smokers, as well as those who have quit smoking, are at an increased risk of e-cigarette use. This study established that young adults have a low level of knowledge regarding e-cigarettes and shows that they should be educated on e-cigarette use. Further research to examine the reasons for, and susceptibility to, e-cigarette use is necessary.
Thymomas and Thymic Carcinomas: A Review on Pathology, Presentation, Staging, Treatment, and Novel Systemic Therapies
Authors: Miyamoto Keisuke , Acoba Jared D.
Published: January 2023

Although thymomas and thymic carcinomas only represent 0.2–1.5% of all malignancies, they are the most common tumour found in the anterior mediastinum. Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of thymic epithelial tumours was revised and a new tumour, node, and metastasis (TNM) staging system is currently being developed. Nearly a third of patients with thymoma present with paraneoplastic syndromes, most commonly myasthenia gravis. Thymic carcinomas are rarely associated with paraneoplastic syndromes, with patients often presenting with local symptoms. Recommendations for the management of these tumours are primarily based on small prospective studies, meta-analyses, and expert guidelines. The development of novel therapies to treat thymomas and thymic carcinomas is an area of robust research.
Managing Extubation and the Post Extubation Period in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Glover Stephen , Glossop Alastair
Published: January 2023

The process of successfully weaning patients from invasive mechanical ventilation is a great challenge for all healthcare providers working in critical care. Despite several recent advances in the care of intensive care patients, failed extubation remains a significant problem that may result in poor patient outcomes. A lack of consensus in many areas regarding clinical approach to extubation and the peri-extubation period exists, and the numerous strategies described in this review add to the complexity of the decision faced by the clinicians involved.

The process of weaning and timing of extubation may be improved by implementation of a consistent multidisciplinary approach to weaning, with a number of easily identifiable risk factors available to support clinical decision making. There are also many known risk factors that can be used to predict the likelihood of extubation failure; whilst these factors may not be easily modifiable, they do allow the identification of patients at a high risk of extubation failure who may require more detailed care and planning post extubation. Finally, a number of strategies, including non-invasive ventilation and high flow nasal oxygen therapy, are available to support carefully selected groups in the post extubation period. Evidence is emerging linking these adjuncts to a reduction in the risk of extubation failure. This article will discuss these risk factors and the evidence supporting their use in this challenging patient group.
A Patient Perspective: Identifying and Understanding the Barriers Associated with the Diagnostic Delay of Lung Cancer
Authors: Hill Lucy Louise Elizabeth , Collier Gareth , Gemine Rachel Elizabeth
Published: January 2023

Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide and is a fundamental health problem in the UK. Mortality rates are much higher in the UK than other European countries, with overall 5-year survival rates in England and Wales currently as low as 7%. Reducing diagnostic delays may increase the proportion of early stage lung cancer and improve survival, yet the literature surrounding these issues suggests that many people continue to wait a considerable time before presenting symptoms to a clinician. To gain an in-depth understanding into the factors that may influence this delay, this review aims to explore some of the social and psychological barriers that patients face in seeking medical attention for lung cancer symptoms. Likewise, with the majority of lung cancer cases strongly linked to tobacco use, the impact of smoking status and whether it has an effect on an individual’s pathway to diagnosis is imperative to this review. The evidence found suggests that delays in symptom reporting are attributed to low perceptions of risk and a difficulty in recognising lung cancer symptoms early, especially when other comorbidities are present. Additionally, the de-normalisation of smoking appears to have confused understanding regarding risk and reinforced blame and stigma, which ultimately hinders help-seeking behaviours. Future research is thus required to develop strategies and interventions that raise awareness of lung cancer symptoms and empower people to engage in help-seeking behaviours.
‘No Stent Left Behind’: A Review of Stent Removal and Related Complications
Authors: Innabi Ayoub , Mcclelland Sarenthia , Raman Tuhina , Alzghoul Bashar , Meena Nikhil
Published: January 2023

Recently, there have been enormous developments in the endoscopic management of central airway obstruction secondary to benign or malignant processes. Airway stents are an essential component of such management. They provide rapid relief to patients with central airway obstruction. However, like any other foreign object introduced into the body, airway stents have their own complications. These can range from benign, such as increased coughing, to fatal, due to massive haemorrhage. Placement of a stent is a temporary bridging therapy to allow the patient to undergo chemotherapy or radiotherapeutic management. Airway stents should not be left in situ for long, as they themselves can become a disease in patients who already have life-limiting diseases. Hence, the motto at our centre is ‘no stent left behind’, with the only caveat being that they are left behind when the removal itself could cause death. In this paper, we will review the recent literature covering the removal of airway stents. We also describe our experience with airway stents removal. We conclude that efforts should be made to remove all airway stents when the primary disease is controlled. No stent left behind!
Analysis of compliance of ambulatory cardiologists and patients to rehabilitation programs after coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Zvereva T. N. , Babichuk A. V. , Potapenko A. A. , Pomeshkina S. A. , Argunova Yu. A.
Published: January 2023

The importance and effectiveness of rehabilitation programs after cardiac surgery is undeniable, proven and widely known. At the same time, the patients’ compliance at the outpatient stage is the same relevant and well-known. In our research we analyzed the opinion of 84th cardiologists of the outpatient stage regarding the effectiveness and safety of cardiac rehabilitation programs and assessed the five-year dynamics of the changes in the their attitude to this problem. Convinced of a positive shift in the cardiologists’ perception of cardiac rehabilitation programs after coronary artery bypass grafting, we analyzed the compliance of 329 patients undergone coronary artery bypass grafting to the recommended rehabilitation programs at the outpatient stage. The obtained data were summarized to the further prospects of cardiac rehabilitation development in the outpatient clinic.
Correction of hypoalbuminemia after cardiac surgery in children: What level needs to be maintained?
Authors: Bazylev V. V. , Shcheglova K. T. , Shvetsova E. A. , Magilevets A. I. , Chuprov M. P.
Published: January 2023

Research hypothesis. Maintenance of the target albumin level of less than 25 g/l in the postoperative period in children under 1 year of age does not affect the results of treatment.Materials and methods. A prospective randomized study included 70 patients after open cardiac surgery from January 2020 to June 2021. Two groups of 35 people were formed. Patients of the main group were transfused with albumin at its level below 25 g/l, the control group – less than 25 g/l. The median age at the time of surgery was 1.0 month in patients of both groups (p = 0.860), the median weight was 3.6 kg (3.0; 5.2) and 3.8 kg (3.1; 5.0) in patients of the main and control groups, respectively (p = 0.900).Results. At the preoperative stage, as well as in intraoperative parameters reflecting the complexity of the operation (Aristotle score, time of cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic clamping, delayed chest closure), the groups did not differ. On the 3rd and 4th days of the postoperative period, the level of albumin in patients of the main group was significantly lower (p = 0.027 and p = 0.034). Albumin transfusion in the ICU was more often performed in patients of the control group (p = 0.031). We did not find significant differences (time of inotropes use, artificial lung ventilation, stay in the intensive care unit, lethality).Conclusions. There were no significant differences in mortality between groups with different target levels of albumin. Also, no differences were found that could affect the outcome of the disease. Based on our study, it is impossible to draw conclusions about the course of the postoperative period in children with an albumin level of 25 g/l and below, since such an albumin level was not registered.
Clinical and diagnostic features of course of cerebral venous thrombosis during COVID‑19 pandemic
Authors: Klocheva E. G. , Goldobin V. V. , Olimova F. Z. , Semich V. N. , Lupinogina L. A.
Published: January 2023

Relevance. During the COVID‑19 pandemic, there has been an increase in the frequency of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) by 30–60 times. At the same time, the development of CVT does not depend on the severity of COVID‑19. Diagnosis of CVT during the COVID‑19 pandemic is particularly difficult, since the most common symptom of CVT, headache, can be regarded as a manifestation of COVID‑19. A wide range of clinical symptoms and low alertness of doctors leads to late diagnosis and verification of CVT.

Purpose of the study. To analyze the features of clinical manifestations and neuroimaging signs of CVT against the background of COVID‑19. Patients and methods. We examined 70 young and middle-aged patients with COVID‑19 of varying severity, who underwent inpatient treatment in angio-neurological and re-profiled infectious diseases departments of North-Western State Medical University n. a. I. I. Mechnikov (Saint Petersburg, Russia) at the age of 18 to 59 years (38.5 ± 11.58), of which 49 (70 %) women and 21 (30 %) men.

Results. The most common neurological symptom in patients with CVT due to COVID‑19 was diffuse headache. The severity of COVID‑19 and the degree of lung damage did not correlate with the severity of CVT. In 32 (46 %) cases, CVT was accompanied by the development of venous stroke: ischemic – in 13 (19 %) patients, hemorrhagic – in 7 (10 %), ischemic stroke with hemorrhagic impregnation – in 12 (17 %) patients. According to the localization of the thrombus, thrombosis of the left transverse sinus was most often noted – in 39 (57 %) cases.

Conclusions. The leading symptom in all patients with CVT was headache, which was not relieved by taking conventional analgesics, which caused clinical alertness of doctors. Early diagnosis of CVT ensured the immediate start of anticoagulant therapy and contributed to positive dynamics in all patients in the form of regression of neurological deficit and improvement in general condition.
Cognitive function of women in menopausal transition: MHT effects
Authors: Chotchaeva A. M. , Gasparyan S. A. , Karpov S. M.
Published: January 2023

Increasing in count of middle-aged and elderly people is setting a new direction for the development of medicine. The popular anti-age therapy is aimed at preventing the development and effective treatment of age-associated diseases. For female body the aging process is primarily associated with sex steroids production decreasing. Deterioration of cognitive activity affecting patients' ability to work and social involvement in perimenopausal period. A large number of estrogen and progesterone receptors have been found in different parts of the CNS. These receptors respond to signaling cascades triggered by hormones better during the period of primary estrogen deficiency, which determines the critical window period. Acting from this position, we studied 120 perimenopausal patients, who were divided into four groups: The first, the second and the third groups received different types of MHT, the fourth (control) group didn’t receive any treatment. All participants underwent clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination at the beginning and after 360 days of research. Our results demonstrated the efficacy of early start hormonal therapy to improve the cognitive abilities of women during the menopausal transition.
HUMAN PAPILLOMAVİRUS ENFEKSİYONU VE AŞILAMAYA DAİR KESİTSEL BİR ÇALIŞMA: NEVŞEHİR BÖLGESİNDEKİ SAĞLIK ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN FARKINDALIK VE BİLGİ DÜZEYLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: AKMAN Nazife , ÖZMEN Pelin
Published: January 2023

Bu çalışmada lisans sağlık programlarında okuyan öğrencilerin HPV enfeksiyonu ve HPV aşıları hakkındaki temel bilgi ve tutumlarını değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma 25.04.2022-14.06.2022 tarihleri arasında Nevşehir’de öğrenim gören 238 Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi ve Sağlık Bilimleri Yüksekokulu öğrencileri ile kesitsel olarak yapılmıştır. Anket dijital ortamda cevaplanmıştır ve sosyodemografik veriler, HPV enfeksiyon bilgisi, HPV aşı bilgisi, HPV aşılarına karşı tutum bölümlerinden oluşmaktadır. Katılımcıların 186’sı kadın olup (%78.2), ortalama yaş 20.9’dur (min:18; max:33, ss:1.65).Rahim ağzı kanseri HPV enfeksiyonu ilişkisini bilenler %84 oranındadır. Kadınların %86’sının, erkeklerin %82.6’sının HPV aşısının rahim ağzı kanserine karşı koruyuculuğuna inandığı görülmüştür. Aşının güvenirliğini kabul eden kadınların oranı%47.8, erkeklerin oranı%34.6’dır. Çalışmada ortalama puan 16.82 olup katılımcıların bilgi düzeyi ‘yeterli’ olarak bulunmuştur. Bilgi düzeyi yeterli olan kadınların oranı %51.6, erkeklerin oranı %12.8 şeklindedir. Katılımcıların bilgi düzeyleri ile cinsiyetleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmazken (p=0.925), okudukları programlar ile bilgi düzeyleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur (p<0.001). En yüksek bilgi düzeyi olan ‘iyi’ kategorisinin %42.9’unu (6/14) diş hekimliği fakültesi öğrencileri oluşturmuştur. Sonuçlar, geleceğin sağlık profesyoneli adaylarının, koruyucu sağlık hizmetlerinde aktif görev alabilmesi ve toplumu aydınlatabilmesi adına HPV enfeksiyonuyla ilgili daha fazla eğitim ve farkındalık çalışmalarının yapılmasını vurgulamaktadır.
Comparative study of alginate and type I collagen as biomaterials for cartilage stem/progenitor cells to construct tissue-engineered cartilage in vivo
Authors: Zhang Xiaodie , Qi Lin , Chen XiaoGang , Lai Yongxian , Liu Kai , Xue Ke
Published: January 2023

With the help of biomaterials, cartilage stem/progenitor cells (CSPCs) derived from cartilage tissue present a promising choice for cartilage regeneration. In our previous study, we investigated whether CSPCs could be ideal seeding cells for cartilage tissue regeneration. Biomaterials are fabricated to accelerate tissue regeneration, providing a suitable environment for cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. Among the biomaterials used in cartilage regeneration medicine, alginate and collagen are classified as natural biomaterials and are characterized by high biocompatibility, bioactivity, and non-toxic degradation products. However, it is unclear which material would have a competitive advantage in CSPC-based cartilage regeneration in vivo. In the present study, we employed alginate and type Ⅰ collagen as substrates for CSPCs and chondrocytes, which was made control group, to explore a more suitable biomaterials for CSPCs to fabricate tissue-engineered cartilage, in vivo. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, Safranin O, immunohistochemical assay, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to evaluate the tissue-engineered cartilage in vivo. Compared with the alginate group, collagen enhanced the expression of cartilage-specific genes, such as ACAN, SOX9, and COLII, more markedly. Furthermore, the marker genes of expression, dedifferentiation, and hypertrophy, COLI and COLX, were downregulated in the collagen group. The results demonstrated that collagen as a substrate was superior to alginate in increasing the accumulation of cartilage-like ECM for CSPCs in vivo. In summary, compared with alginate, collagen hydrogel is an effective biomaterial for CSPC-based cartilage regeneration.
Advances in the development and optimization strategies of the hemostatic biomaterials
Authors: Guo Yayuan , Cheng Nanqiong , Sun Hongxiao , Hou Jianing , Zhang Yuchen , Wang Du , Zhang Wei , Chen Zhuoyue
Published: January 2023

Most injuries are accompanied by acute bleeding. Hemostasis is necessary to relieve pain and reduce mortality in these accidents. In recent years, the traditional hemostatic materials, including inorganic, protein-based, polysaccharide-based and synthetic materials have been widely used in the clinic. The most prominent of these are biodegradable collagen sponges (Helistat®, United States), gelatin sponges (Ethicon®, SURGIFOAM®, United States), chitosan (AllaQuixTM, ChitoSAMTM, United States), cellulose (Tabotamp®, SURGICEL®, United States), and the newly investigated extracellular matrix gels, etc. Although these materials have excellent hemostatic properties, they also have their advantages and disadvantages. In this review, the performance characteristics, hemostatic effects, applications and hemostatic mechanisms of various biomaterials mentioned above are presented, followed by several strategies to improve hemostasis, including modification of single materials, blending of multiple materials, design of self-assembled peptides and their hybrid materials. Finally, the exploration of more novel hemostatic biomaterials and relative coagulation mechanisms will be essential for future research on hemostatic methods.
Reputation-based Decentralized Autonomous Organization for the non-profit sector: Leveraging blockchain to enhance good governance
Authors: Saito Yoshiro , Rose John A.
Published: January 2023

The Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO), a group organized by governance rules programmed on a blockchain, has recently been attracting attention as a novel organizational form. The effectiveness of a DAO’s decentralized governance mechanism and transparency, as secured by its code, has generally been discussed in contrast with traditional stock companies. However, the potential of a DAO for non-profits, which provide goods and services that profit-seeking organizations do not offer, has been less discussed. This paper presents a proof-of-concept implementation to demonstrate the advantages of utilizing a DAO governance framework for non-profits. To this end, this study developed a DAO governance framework incorporating a reputation-based decision-making system, a peer evaluation system, and a transparent, real-time accounting system for the Ethereum blockchain. Most current decentralized governance systems rely heavily on token-based voting using governance tokens with stock-like features. However, there is a need for a voting mechanism beyond token-based voting for non-profits, which do not have owners. Therefore, the developed application applies an existing reputation-based voting mechanism and integrates additional features, such as a membership system with mutual evaluation and a reputation NFT to visualize contributions. Several exemplar demonstrations were conducted to evaluate its key functionalities. This application enabled discussions across the boundary between technology and society in terms of the key aspects of non-profits: i) transparency of finance and governance, ii) participatory governance by diverse stakeholders, and iii) equity and inclusiveness of the consensus mechanism. The results indicated that blockchain technology compensates for a non-profit’s vulnerabilities, and illustrated that the proposed reputation-based governance mechanisms are well-motivated. However, the results also revealed that blockchain-based governance involves as many potential risks and limitations as it brings benefits. Lastly, by providing several possible solutions to these constraints as well as recommendations for future research, this paper contributes to the sustainable development of non-profits as one of the foundations of democratic governance.
Nebulization of model hydrogel nanoparticles to macrophages at the air-liquid interface
Authors: Sudduth Emma R. , Kolewe Emily L. , Graf Jodi , Yu Yinkui , Somma Joaquina , Fromen Catherine A.
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Nanoparticle evaluation within the pulmonary airspace has increasingly important implications for human health, with growing interest from drug delivery, environmental, and toxicology fields. While there have been widespread investigations of nanoparticle physiochemical properties following many routes of administration, nanoparticle behavior at the air-liquid interface (ALI) is less well-characterized.

Methods: In this work, we fabricate two formulations of poly(ethylene)-glycol diacrylate (PEGDA)-based model nanoparticles to establish an in vitro workflow allowing evaluation of nanoparticle charge effects at the ALI.

Results and Discussion: Both cationic and anionic PEGDA formulations were synthesized with similar hydrodynamic diameters around ∼225 nm and low polydispersity, with expected surface charges corresponding with the respective functional co-monomer. We find that both formulations are readily nebulized from an aqueous suspension in a commercial Aeroneb® Lab Nebulizer, but the aqueous delivery solution served to slightly increase the overall hydrodynamic and geometric size of the cationic particle formulation. However, nanoparticle loading at 50 μg/ml of either formulation did not influence the resultant aerosol diameter from the nebulizer. To assess aerosol delivery in vitro, we designed a 3D printed adapter capable of ensuring aerosol delivery to transwell 24-well culture plates. Nanoparticle uptake by macrophages was compared between traditional cell culture techniques and that of air-liquid interface-cultured macrophages following aerosol delivery. Cell viability was unaffected by nanoparticle delivery using either method. However, only traditional cell culture methods demonstrated significant uptake that was dependent on the nanoparticle surface charge. Concurrently, air-liquid interface culture resulted in lower metabolic activity of macrophages than those in traditional cell culture, leading to lower overall nanoparticle uptake at air-liquid interface. Overall, this work demonstrates that base-material similarities between both particle formulations provide an expected consistency in aerosol delivery regardless of the nanoparticle surface charge and provides an important workflow that enables a holistic evaluation of aerosolizable nanoparticles.
Combined microbiome and metabolome analysis of gut microbiota and metabolite interactions in chronic spontaneous urticaria
Authors: Luo Zhen , Jin Zhangsi , Tao Xiaoran , Wang Ting , Wei Panling , Zhu Caihong , Wang Zaixing
Published: January 2023

Background

The pathogenesis of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is unclear, and it turned out to be involved in biological processes, such as autoimmunity, autoallergy, inflammation, and coagulation. The gut microbiota plays an important role in immune and inflammatory diseases. However, the relationship between chronic spontaneous urticaria and the gut microbiota remains unknown.

Methods

The stool and serum samples were taken from 15 CSU patients and 15 normal controls. Changes in the composition of gut microbiota and serum metabolism in CSU patients and normal controls were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics.

Results

The results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that compared with normal controls, CSU patients had increased α-diversity of gut microbiota and significant differences in β-diversity. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Firmicutes increased and the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria decreased in CSU patients compared with healthy controls. At the genus level, six kinds of bacteria were significantly enriched in CSU patients and five in normal controls. Metabolomic analysis revealed altered levels of metabolites such as unsaturated fatty acids and purines. Correlation analysis of gut microbiota and metabolites showed that Lachnospira was negatively correlated with arachidonic acid, and Gemmiger was also negatively correlated with (±)8-HETE.

Conclusion

This study suggests that changes in gut microbiota and metabolites may play a role in immune and inflammatory pathways in the pathogenesis of CSU patients.
Clinical Features of Patients Undergoing the Head-Up Tilt Test and Its Safety and Efficacy in Diagnosing Vasovagal Syncope in 4,873 Patients
Authors: Xu Lingping , Cao Xiangqi , Wang Rui , Duan Yichao , Yang Ye , Hou Junlong , Wang Jing , Chen Bin , Xue Xianjun , Zhang Bo , Ma Hua , Sun Chaofeng , Guo Fengwei
Published: January 2023

Background: The head-up tilt test (HUTT) is a useful diagnostic tool in patients with suspected vasovagal syncope (VVS).

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the direct drug-potentiated HUTT in patients with recurrent syncope or precursor syncope and to assess the diagnostic value of the direct drug-potentiated HUTT.

Methods: The medical history and direct drug-potentiated HUTT records of patients who complained of syncope or precursor syncope and who visited The Xianyang Central Hospital from January 2016 to December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: A total of 4,873 patients (age = 43.8 ± 17.6 years; male = 2,064 [42.4%]) were enrolled in our study. Overall, 2,343 (48.1%) showed positive responses as follows: 1,260 (25.9%) with the mixed type, 34 (0.7%) with the cardioinhibitory type, 580 (11.9%) with the vasodepressor type, 179 (3.7%) with postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS), and 290 (6.0%) with orthostatic hypotension (OH). The study showed that prior to syncope or near-syncope symptoms, patients first presented an increase in heart rate (HR), followed by decreases in blood pressure (BP) and HR successively. Among the patients in the syncope group, the sensitivity of the HUTT was 65.9%, which was significantly higher than a sensitivity of 44.8% for patients in the non-syncope group (P < 0.01). The sensitivity of the HUTT was higher for females than males in both the syncope group (52.6% in males and 77.9% in females, P < 0.01) and the non-syncope group (36.5% in males and 50.6% in females, P < 0.01). Within the four age groups (<20, 21–40, 41–60, and >60 years old), the sensitivities were 74.7%, 67.7%, 45.6%, and 31.2%, respectively. And all gender, age and symptom (whether suffered from a syncope or not) significantly affected the positive responses of HUTT. There were two adverse events and no deaths during the HUTT in this study.

Conclusion: The direct drug-potentiated HUTT is a safe and highly sensitive tool with which to diagnose VVS. Patients with precursor syncope symptoms without syncope should undergo a HUTT, especially young females presenting with weakness and sweating, which can decrease the probability of a misdiagnosis or a missed diagnosis.
Enhanced Angiogenesis by 11βHSD1 Blockage Is Insufficient to Improve Reperfusion Following Hindlimb Ischaemia
Authors: Wu Junxi , Miller Eileen , Davidson Callam , Walker Brian R. , Hadoke Patrick W. F.
Published: January 2023

Background: Critical limb ischaemia (CLI), which is estimated to affect 2 million people in the United States, reduces quality of life, is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and has limited treatment options. Direct stimulation of angiogenesis using proangiogenic growth factors has been investigated as a therapeutic strategy to improve reperfusion in the ischaemic leg. Despite positive outcomes in animal studies, there has been little success in clinical translation. This investigation addressed the hypothesis that angiogenesis could be stimulated indirectly in the ischaemic hindlimb by blocking 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11βHSD1)-mediated reactivation of anti-angiogenic glucocorticoids.

Method and Results: Corticosterone suppressed ex vivo angiogenesis in the mouse aortic ring assay. 11βHSD1 deletion (Hsd11b1Del1/Del1) or pharmacological inhibition (with 300 nM UE2316) which block the reactivation of glucocorticoid (i.e., the conversion of 11-dehydrocorticosterone (11DHC) to bioactive corticosterone) significantly reduced 11DHC-induced suppression of angiogenesis. In a sponge implantation model, 11βHSD1 deletion, but not pharmacological inhibition, enhanced inflammation-induced angiogenesis. By contrast, in the mouse hindlimb ischaemia model, post-ischaemic reperfusion and vascular density were not affected by either deletion or pharmacological inhibition of 11βHSD1 in young or aged mice. 3D vascular imaging suggested that hind limb reperfusion in the 1st week following induction of ischaemia may be driven by the rapid expansion of collateral arteries rather than by angiogenesis.

Conclusion: 11βHSD1-mediated glucocorticoid reactivation suppressed angiogenesis ex vivo and in vivo. However, regulation of angiogenesis alone was insufficient to promote reperfusion in hindlimb ischaemia. Future investigation of post-ischaemic reperfusion should include other aspects of systemic vascular remodeling including arteriogenesis and collateral formation.
Subtypes of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis identified by network analysis
Authors: Howlett-Prieto Quentin , Oommen Chelsea , Carrithers Michael D. , Wunsch Donald C. , Hier Daniel B.
Published: January 2023

We used network analysis to identify subtypes of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis subjects based on their cumulative signs and symptoms. The electronic medical records of 113 subjects with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis were reviewed, signs and symptoms were mapped to classes in a neuro-ontology, and classes were collapsed into sixteen superclasses by subsumption. After normalization and vectorization of the data, bipartite (subject-feature) and unipartite (subject-subject) network graphs were created using NetworkX and visualized in Gephi. Degree and weighted degree were calculated for each node. Graphs were partitioned into communities using the modularity score. Feature maps visualized differences in features by community. Network analysis of the unipartite graph yielded a higher modularity score (0.49) than the bipartite graph (0.25). The bipartite network was partitioned into five communities which were named fatigue, behavioral, hypertonia/weakness, abnormal gait/sphincter, and sensory, based on feature characteristics. The unipartite network was partitioned into five communities which were named fatigue, pain, cognitive, sensory, and gait/weakness/hypertonia based on features. Although we did not identify pure subtypes (e.g., pure motor, pure sensory, etc.) in this cohort of multiple sclerosis subjects, we demonstrated that network analysis could partition these subjects into different subtype communities. Larger datasets and additional partitioning algorithms are needed to confirm these findings and elucidate their significance. This study contributes to the literature investigating subtypes of multiple sclerosis by combining feature reduction by subsumption with network analysis.