bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Volatile profile of Greek dried white figs (Ficus carica L.) and investigation of the role of β‐damascenone in aroma formation in fig liquors
Authors: Palassarou Maria , Melliou Eleni , Liouni Maria , Michaelakis Antonios , Balayiannis George , Magiatis Prokopios
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND

During an investigation of the chemical profile of Greek figs (Ficus carica L.), several aqueous ethanol extracts (liquors) were prepared from dried Smyrna fig varieties cultivated in the two major fig‐producing geographical areas in Greece: Peloponnese and Evia Island. The distinctive aroma observed among the prepared fig liquors led to the investigation of the odor profile of the different fig cultivars through HS‐SPME coupled with GC/MS analysis, with focus on the factors that affect it before and during the preparation of the respective liquors.

RESULTS

Significant variation in volatiles was noticed among all fig cultivars, as also between each fig cultivar pulp and the respective liquor. The observed diversity was a result of chemical reactions taking place in the ethanol matrix during the preparation of the liquor. The ‘key’ odor compound of dried fig aroma was found to be β‐damascenone. Owing to its low detection threshold and minute quantity in fig cultivars, the presence of β‐damascenone was furthermore confirmed through GC/MS/MS and GC/TOF‐MS. β‐Damascenone was identified in variable quantities among fig varieties and their liquors, predominating in Kalamon fig cultivar of Peloponnese region, while its amount was found to be dependent on the postharvest storage time and preservation process of dried figs.

CONCLUSION

Each of the studied fig cultivars and liquors showed a unique aroma profile, and the obtained results were used for the preparation of the first dried fig liqueur for potential commercial use with the highest content of β‐damascenone. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Analysis of Brassica oleracea early stage abiotic stress responses reveals tolerance in multiple crop types and for multiple sources of stress
Authors: Beacham Andrew M , Hand Paul , Pink David AC , Monaghan James M
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND

Brassica oleracea includes a number of important crop types such as cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli and kale. Current climate conditions and weather patterns are causing significant losses in these crops, meaning that new cultivars with improved tolerance of one or more abiotic stress types must be sought. In this study, genetically fixed B. oleracea lines belonging to a Diversity Fixed Foundation Set (DFFS) were assayed for their response to seedling stage‐imposed drought, flood, salinity, heat and cold stress.

RESULTS

Significant (P ≤ 0.05) variation in stress tolerance response was found for each stress, for each of four measured variables (relative fresh weight, relative dry weight, relative leaf number and relative plant height). Lines tolerant to multiple stresses were found to belong to several different crop types. There was no overall correlation between the responses to the different stresses.

CONCLUSION

Abiotic stress tolerance was identified in multiple B. oleracea crop types, with some lines exhibiting resistance to multiple stresses. For each stress, no one crop type appeared significantly more or less tolerant than others. The results are promising for the development of more environmentally robust lines of different B. oleracea crops by identifying tolerant material and highlighting the relationship between responses to different stresses. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Molecularly imprinted magnetic nanoparticles for the micro solid‐phase extraction of thiabendazole from citrus samples
Authors: García‐Fernández Miguel , Díaz‐Álvarez Myriam , Martín‐Esteban Antonio
Published: May 2017

The preparation of molecularly imprinted core–shell magnetic nanoparticles and their subsequent use in the solid‐phase extraction of thiabendazole from citrus sample extracts is described. Molecularly imprinted core–shell magnetic nanoparticles were prepared by the precipitation copolymerization of the imprinting polymerization mixture on the surface of vinyl‐modified silica magnetic nanoparticles and were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The obtained molecularly imprinted core–shell magnetic nanoparticles exhibited a high selectivity for thiabendazole and were easily collected and separated by an external magnetic field without additional centrifugation or filtration steps. Under optimum conditions, a magnetic molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction method was developed allowing the extraction of thiabendazole from citrus sample extracts and final determination by high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The detection limit was 0.2 mg/kg, far lower than the maximum residue limit established within the European Union for thiabendazole in citrus samples.
Long memory behavior in Singapore's tourism market
Authors: Al‐Shboul Mohammad , Anwar Sajid
Published: May 2017

Using nonparametric, semiparametric, and parametric estimation techniques, this paper investigates the presence of long memory in tourist arrivals to Singapore from 11 countries and 4 geographical regions. Empirical analysis of the monthly data from 1978 to 2012 shows that tourist arrivals to Singapore from all countries and regions are subject to long memory behavior. Analysis of the impulse response functions derived from an autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average model shows evidence of persistence in tourist arrivals. Our analysis suggests that visitors consider Singapore as a long‐term tourism destination and like to return to Singapore to relive their experiences.
Sonography of Dermatologic Emergencies
Authors: Wortsman Ximena
Published: May 2017

Dermatologic conditions may be the subjects of potential emergency consultations, and the knowledge of their sonographic appearance can facilitate an early diagnosis and management. In this pictorial essay, the sonographic dermatologic anatomy, technique, and conditions that can be supported by a prompt sonographic diagnosis are reviewed. The sonographic signs that may help diagnose these entities are discussed with a practical approach.
Fluorescent diagnostics of epithelial neoplasms of different colon parts
Authors: Korneva Yulia S. , Dorosevich Alexander E. , Maryakhina Valeriya S.
Published: May 2017

Objective

Changes in the biochemical composition of the tissue during colon cancer progression usually precede morphological changes registered by light microscopy. These changes are very sensitive and may be used for diagnostics in difficult cases, when it is impossible to obtain sufficient amount of material during colonoscopy. The aim of the study is analysis of spectral characteristics of sporadic adenomas and tumors in different parts of colon for improving tumors diagnostics in disputable cases.

Design

The spectra of fluorescence excitation of histological sections from 78 patients with colon cancer (adenocarcinoma) and colonic adenomas of different localizations were measured.

Results

The spectra of fluorescence excitation of all types of adenomas as well as adenocarcinoma have two maxima at 260/270 nm and at 330/340 nm. The first maximum is primarily defined by tryptophan and phenylalanin containing peptides, one of them is glucagon. The second maximum is mainly defined by collagen in stroma. Progression of precancer lesions to advanced cancer leads to increase of NADH concentration impacting on the second maximum of spectra. However, spectra of all types of the investigated lesions have peculiarities depending on localization. At odds to the previous data about similarities between distal colon and rectum, our results demonstrate similar spectra for proximal colon and rectum due to some similarities in morphological and, as a consequence, biochemical composition. Tumor can be detected by spectral techniques on histological slides even if the specimen contains very few tumorous cells in stroma.

Conclusion

Biochemical changes and their similarities for precancer lesions and advanced colon cancer have described. Peculiarities of spectral data for different parts of colon may change the previous opinion about similar mechanisms of cancerogenesis for distal colon and rectum. Moreover, investigation of tissue specimen obtained for histological examination and containing lack of malignant epithelial cells in massive stroma does not interfere with analysis due to specific disproportion of spectrum maxima. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:763–766, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Monitoring of Generation and Stability of Droplets in Miniemulsion Polymerizarion Using the Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Santos Leila M. , Amaral Monique J. , Dariva Claudio , Franceschi Elton , Santos Alexandre F. , Boyron Olivier , McKenna Timothy F. L.
Published: May 2017

Strategies have been successfully developed for the monitoring of the homo and copolymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate in a miniemulsion system using near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Different concentrations of costabilizer, stearyl methacrylate, are tested to obtain the best stabilization condition. The spectral data are associated with the properties of the reaction medium, such as particle average diameter, conversion, number, and surface area of particles, through linear regression based on partial least squares. It is observed that the NIR spectrophotometer is sensitive to the dynamics of miniemulsion polymerization reactions, thus confirming the promising aspect of NIR technology for monitoring the latex properties.

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ALACA: A platform for dynamic alarm collection and alert notification in network management systems
Authors: Solmaz Selçuk Emre , Gedik Buğra , Ferhatosmanoğlu Hakan , Sözüer Selçuk , Zeydan Engin , Etemoğlu Çağrı Özgenç
Published: May 2017

Mobile network operators run Operations Support Systems that produce vast amounts of alarm events. These events can have different significance levels and domains and also can trigger other ones. Network operators face the challenge to identify the significance and root causes of these system problems in real time and to keep the number of remedial actions at an optimal level, so that customer satisfaction rates can be guaranteed at a reasonable cost. In this paper, we propose a scalable streaming alarm management system, referred to as Alarm Collector and Analyzer, that includes complex event processing and root cause analysis. We describe a rule mining and root cause analysis solution for alarm event correlation and analyses. The solution includes a dynamic index for matching active alarms, an algorithm for generating candidate alarm rules, a sliding window–based approach to save system resources, and a graph‐based solution to identify root causes. Alarm Collector and Analyzer is used in the network operation center of a major mobile telecom provider. It helps operators to enhance the design of their alarm management systems by allowing continuous analysis of data and event streams and predict network behavior with respect to potential failures by using the results of root cause analysis. We present experimental results that provide insights on performance of real‐time alarm data analytics systems.
Highly selective vapochromic fluorescence of polycarbonate films Doped with an ICT‐Based solvatochromic probe
Authors: Ahmad Muzaffer , Platonova Irina , Battisti Antonella , Minei Pierpaolo , Brancato Giuseppe , Pucci Andrea
Published: May 2017

The vapochromic properties of a fluorescent 3‐[2‐(4‐nitrophenyl) ethenyl]‐1‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐2‐methylindole (NPEMI‐E) characterized by intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) character, dispersed in polycarbonate (PC) films is reported. NPEMI‐E solvatochromism is investigated by means of experimental and computational methods. Fluorescent PC films containing 0.1 wt % of NPEMI‐E are prepared and exposed to saturated atmospheres of different volatile organic compounds (VOCs). NPEMI‐E/PC films show remarkable and reversible vapochromism when exposed to VOCs with high polarity index and favorable interaction with PC matrix such as CHCl3. Only minor variations in the emission wavelength are actually recorded for all other classes of VOCs investigated. The hue parameter is also used for the effective extraction of spectral information from digital color images without the need for wavelength discriminators. Overall, the present results support the use of NPEMI‐E/PC films for the cost‐effective detection of CHCl3 vapors. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 1171–1180
Abelian scalar theory at large global charge
Authors: Loukas Orestis
Published: May 2017

We elaborate on Abelian complex scalar models, which are dictated by natural actions (all couplings are of order one), at fixed and large global U(1) charge in an arbitrary number of dimensions. The ground state is coherently constructed by the zero modes and the appearance of a centrifugal potential is quantum mechanically verified. Using the path integral formulation we systematically analyze the quantum fluctuations around in order to derive an effective action for the Goldstone mode, which becomes perturbatively meaningful when the charge is large. In this regime we explicitly show, by computing the first few loop corrections, that the whole construction is stable against quantum effects, in the sense that any higher derivative couplings to Goldstone's tree‐level action are suppressed by appropriate powers of the large charge.
Biological characterization of fenpicoxamid, a new fungicide with utility in cereals and other crops
Authors: Owen W John , Yao Chenglin , Myung Kyung , Kemmitt Greg , Leader Andrew , Meyer Kevin G , Bowling Andrew J , Slanec Thomas , Kramer Vincent J
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND

The development of novel highly efficacious fungicides that lack cross‐resistance is extremely desirable. Fenpicoxamid (Inatreq™ active) possesses these characteristics and is a member of a novel picolinamide class of fungicides derived from the antifungal natural product UK‐2A.

RESULTS

Fenpicoxamid strongly inhibited in vitro growth of several ascomycete fungi, including Zymoseptoria tritici (EC50, 0.051 mg L−1). Fenpicoxamid is converted by Z. tritici to UK‐2A, a 15‐fold stronger inhibitor of Z. tritici growth (EC50, 0.0033 mg L−1). Strong fungicidal activity of fenpicoxamid against driver cereal diseases was confirmed in greenhouse tests, where activity on Z. tritici and Puccinia triticina matched that of fluxapyroxad. Due to its novel target site (Qi site of the respiratory cyt bc1 complex) for the cereals market, fenpicoxamid is not cross‐resistant to Z. tritici isolates resistant to strobilurin and/or azole fungicides. Across multiple European field trials Z. tritici was strongly controlled (mean, 82%) by 100 g as ha−1 applications of fenpicoxamid, which demonstrated excellent residual activity.

CONCLUSIONS

The novel chemistry and biochemical target site of fenpicoxamid as well as its lack of cross‐resistance and strong efficacy against Z. tritici and other pathogens highlight the importance of fenpicoxamid as a new tool for controlling plant pathogenic fungi. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Cover Image, Volume 73, Issue 6
Authors: Farnsworth Derek , Hamby Kelly A , Bolda Mark , Goodhue Rachael E , Williams Jeffrey C , Zalom Frank G
Published: May 2017

The cover image, by Derek Farnsworth et al., is based on the Research Article Economic analysis of revenue losses and control costs associated with the spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), in the California raspberry industry, DOI: 10.1002/ps.4497. Photo Credit: Kathy Keatley Garvey, Dept of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis.

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Differences in the progress of the biopesticide revolution between the EU and other major crop‐growing regions
Authors: Balog Adalbert , Hartel Tibor , Loxdale Hugh D , Wilson Kenneth
Published: May 2017

The five‐year value in the compound annual growth rate of the biopesticides sector is predicted to be 16% by 2017 and to produce a global market worth $US 10 billion. Despite this, several impediments occur within the EU that negatively affect biopesticide research and innovation. At present, there are fewer biopesticide‐active substances registered in the EU compared with the United States, India, Brazil and China. The relatively low level of biopesticide research in the EU (6880 ISI papers) versus the United States (18 839), India (9501) and China (7875) relates to the greater complexity of EU‐based biopesticide regulations compared with these other countries. In this light, it is worth noting that tensions may exist between regulators that emphasise the beneficial nature of biopesticides in environmentally friendly crop management and those that adopt a more technologically based approach dependent on a chemical‐pesticide‐driven model. Compared with the other aforementioned countries, far fewer biopesticide products are available in the EU market, mainly as a direct result of the severe regulatory factors present there. The extent to which this trend will continue depends largely on a range of interacting political and/or regulatory decisions that influence environmentally friendly agricultural industries. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Crystal structure, electrical, and optical properties of Cu3In7Te12 ordered defect semiconducting compound
Authors: Guedez E. , Rincón C. , Wasim S. M. , Delgado G. E. , Marcano G. , Sánchez‐Pérez G.
Published: May 2017

CuInTe2 chalcopyrite semiconductor and the ordered defect compounds of the Cu2Te–In2Te3 pseudo‐binary system have recently emerged as suitable candidates for thermoelectric applications. In this article, the crystal structure, optical, and electrical properties of Cu3In7Te12, a member of this ternary system, have been studied. It was established that this material crystallizes in a tetragonal structure with space group P. The analysis of the optical absorption spectrum near the fundamental absorption edge shows that the energy gap is direct and the band gap varies from 1.030 to 0.952 eV between 10 and 300 K. From the analysis of electrical data, it was found that above 160 K, the electrical conduction is due to the activation of a shallow acceptor level of about 10 meV, and the value of the hole‐effective mass is mh = (1.18 ± 0.35) me. In the temperature range from 160 to 130 K, variable range hopping (VRH) mechanism of Mott‐type in the impurity band is observed. At high temperatures, the mobility is explained by taking into account the scattering mechanism of the charge carriers by donor–acceptor defect pairs, ionized and neutral impurities, acoustic and non‐polar optical phonons. In the low temperature region, the mobility data can be explained by an expression related to Mott law for VRH conductivity.
Quasireentrant superconductivity and enhanced critical field in thick Pb‐SiO2 granular films
Authors: Xi Ya‐Jing , Gao Kuang‐Hong , Wang Zi‐Wu , Li Zhi‐Qing
Published: May 2017

We studied the electronic transport properties of Pbx(SiO2)1−x nanogranular films with Pb volume fraction x ranging from ∼0.51 to ∼0.87 and thickness t > 500 nm. It has been found that those x ≳ 0.60 films reveal metallic behavior at normal state and change to superconductors below ∼7 K, while those x ≤ 0.53 films show insulator properties over the whole measured temperature range. The quasireentrant superconductivity behaviors were observed in the films with intermediate x values, x  0.54 and 0.57. It is found that the critical metal volume fraction for superconductor–insulator transition is almost identical to the percolation threshold for metal–insulator transition. For the film with x just above , the superconducting states can preserve to relative high temperatures even at a magnetic field with magnitude of 9 T, and the upper critical field at zero temperature is estimated to be close to the Pauli limit (∼15 T). Our results establish a key element for the high field applications of superconducting material.
Darmstadtium, roentgenium, and copernicium form strong bonds with cyanide
Authors: Demissie Taye B. , Ruud Kenneth
Published: May 2017

We report the structures and properties of the cyanide complexes of three superheavy elements (darmstadtium, roentgenium, and copernicium) studied using two‐ and four‐component relativistic methodologies. The electronic and structural properties of these complexes are compared to the corresponding complexes of platinum, gold, and mercury. The results indicate that these superheavy elements form strong bonds with cyanide. Moreover, the calculated absorption spectra of these superheavy‐element cyanides show similar trends to those of the corresponding heavy‐atom cyanides. The calculated vibrational frequencies of the heavy‐metal cyanides are in good agreement with available experimental results lending support to the quality of our calculated vibrational frequencies for the superheavy‐atom cyanides.
Distributed iterative command governor schemes for interconnected linear systems
Authors: Tedesco Francesco , Casavola Alessandro
Published: May 2017

A novel distributed command governor (CG) supervision strategy relying on iterative optimization procedure is presented for multi‐agent interconnected linear systems subject to pointwise‐in‐time set‐membership coordination constraints. Unlike non‐iterative distributed CG schemes, here all agents undertake several optimization iterations and data exchange before arriving to the optimal solution. As a result, these methods are able to achieve Pareto‐optimal solutions not only in steady‐state conditions as the ones based on non‐iterative optimization procedures but also during transients and are not hampered by the presence of undesirable Nash‐equilibria or deadlock situations. The main properties of the method are fully investigated and in particular its optimality, stability, and feasibility properties rigorously proved. A final example is presented where the proposed distributed solution is contrasted with existing centralized and distributed non‐iterative CG solutions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Online cross‐validation‐based ensemble learning
Authors: Benkeser David , Ju Cheng , Lendle Sam , van der Laan Mark
Published: May 2017

Online estimators update a current estimate with a new incoming batch of data without having to revisit past data thereby providing streaming estimates that are scalable to big data. We develop flexible, ensemble‐based online estimators of an infinite‐dimensional target parameter, such as a regression function, in the setting where data are generated sequentially by a common conditional data distribution given summary measures of the past. This setting encompasses a wide range of time‐series models and, as special case, models for independent and identically distributed data. Our estimator considers a large library of candidate online estimators and uses online cross‐validation to identify the algorithm with the best performance. We show that by basing estimates on the cross‐validation‐selected algorithm, we are asymptotically guaranteed to perform as well as the true, unknown best‐performing algorithm. We provide extensions of this approach including online estimation of the optimal ensemble of candidate online estimators. We illustrate excellent performance of our methods using simulations and a real data example where we make streaming predictions of infectious disease incidence using data from a large database. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Economic evaluation of factorial randomised controlled trials: challenges, methods and recommendations
Authors: Dakin Helen , Gray Alastair
Published: May 2017

Increasing numbers of economic evaluations are conducted alongside randomised controlled trials. Such studies include factorial trials, which randomise patients to different levels of two or more factors and can therefore evaluate the effect of multiple treatments alone and in combination. Factorial trials can provide increased statistical power or assess interactions between treatments, but raise additional challenges for trial‐based economic evaluations: interactions may occur more commonly for costs and quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) than for clinical endpoints; economic endpoints raise challenges for transformation and regression analysis; and both factors must be considered simultaneously to assess which treatment combination represents best value for money. This article aims to examine issues associated with factorial trials that include assessment of costs and/or cost‐effectiveness, describe the methods that can be used to analyse such studies and make recommendations for health economists, statisticians and trialists. A hypothetical worked example is used to illustrate the challenges and demonstrate ways in which economic evaluations of factorial trials may be conducted, and how these methods affect the results and conclusions. Ignoring interactions introduces bias that could result in adopting a treatment that does not make best use of healthcare resources, while considering all interactions avoids bias but reduces statistical power. We also introduce the concept of the opportunity cost of ignoring interactions as a measure of the bias introduced by not taking account of all interactions. We conclude by offering recommendations for planning, analysing and reporting economic evaluations based on factorial trials, taking increased analysis costs into account. © 2017 The Authors.Statistics in Medicinepublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Incorporating a stochastic data‐driven inflow model for uncertainty quantification of wind turbine performance
Authors: Guo Q. , Ganapathysubramanian B.
Published: May 2017

Incorporating uncertainty in wind turbine analysis and design is very necessary based on the fact that inherent variability exists in wind turbine systems. Examples of these uncertainties include fluctuations in material properties across turbine blades, variable structure parameters and stochasticity in the inflow—which is considered to be a critical factor affecting the reliability of wind turbines. However, it has been difficult to construct a low‐dimensional yet accurate representation of the stochastic inflow, which precludes rigorous uncertainty propagation and quantification. Recently, we have developed a comprehensive data‐driven approach [called temporal–spatial decomposition (TSD)] for constructing a stochastic, low‐dimensional model that accurately represents stochastic inflow data. We leverage this approach to construct distributional forecasts of key wind turbine performance indicators. To this end, we integrated the stochastic wind model created by the TSD framework with the wind turbine solver FAST. Uncertainty propagation is performed using an adaptive sparse grid collocation approach. We investigate how the order of approximation of the stochastic model affects the quality of the predicted distribution. We observe that the probability distributions of key indicators are not necessarily Gaussian, which has implications for reliability analysis and for failure prediction. Furthermore, the distributions are sensitive to only the first few eigenmodes of the inflow wind model, which indicates that comprehensive uncertainty quantification can potentially be accomplished with moderate computational effort. The approach suggested in this paper enables seamless integration of uncertainty quantification into current deterministic codes for wind turbine simulation and has implications for the design of the next generation of wind turbines including offshore turbines. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erratum für: iit-Themenband, DIGITALISIERUNG, Bildung/Technik/Innovation
Authors: Wittpahl Volker
Published: May 2017

Trotz sorgfältiger Erstellung unserer Bücher lassen sich Fehler nie ganz vermeiden. Daher möchten wir auf Folgendes hinweisen:

Auf S. 59, S. 117 und S. 191 wurde versehentlich ein falscher Hinweistext für Open Access eingefügt; den korrekten Text finden sie nachfolgend, die entsprechenden Originalpassagen wurden entsprechend geändert.
Genetic profile, risk factors and therapeutic approach of desmoid tumors in familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Freitas Ana Catarina Ribeiro , Barbosa Laura Elisabete Ribeiro
Published: May 2017

Introduction Desmoid tumors are the main extraintestinal manifestation of FAP, presenting high morbidity and mortality. It is a neoplasia without metastasis capacity, but with infiltrative growth and with a high rate of recurrence. In familial forms, these tumors are associated with a germinal mutation in the APC gene, with a genotype–phenotype correlation influenced by other risk factors.

Materials and methods A review of articles published since the year 2000 in Portuguese, English or Spanish on desmoid tumors in patients with FAP was carried out. A total of 49 publications were included.

Results The site of the mutation in the APC gene is related to the severity of FAP and to the frequency of desmoid tumor. Mutations located distally to codon 1309 are associated with a more attenuated polyposis, but with higher frequency of desmoid tumors. Clinically, these tumors may or may not be symptomatic, depending on their size and location. In their treatment, priority should be given to medical therapy, especially in intra-abdominal tumors, with surgery being the last option if there are no other complications.

Discussion These tumors are associated with certain risk factors: genetic (mutation site), hormonal (estrogenic environment) and physical (surgical trauma) ones. In young women, a later prophylactic colectomy is suggested. Moreover, the laparoscopic approach to prophylactic surgery seems to be an option that reduces surgical trauma and consequently the appearance of desmoid tumors.

Conclusion The step-up medical approach has been shown to be valid in the treatment of intra-abdominal desmoid tumors, and medical treatment should be the first therapeutic option.
Effects of Low‐Load Exercise on Postneedling‐Induced Pain After Dry Needling of Active Trigger Point in Individuals With Subacromial Pain Syndrome
Authors: Salom‐Moreno Jaime , Jiménez‐Gómez Laura , Gómez‐Ahufinger Victoria , Palacios‐Ceña María , Arias‐Buría José L. , Koppenhaver Shane L. , Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas César
Published: May 2017

Background

The application of dry needling usually is associated with postneedling‐induced pain. A postneedling intervention to reduce this adverse event is needed.

Objective

To determine the effectiveness of low‐load exercise on reducing postneedling‐induced pain after dry needling of active trigger points (TrPs) in the infraspinatus muscle in subacromial pain syndrome.

Design

A 72‐hour follow‐up, single‐blind randomized controlled trial.

Setting

Urban hospitals.

Participants

Individuals with subacromial pain syndrome (n = 90, 52% female, mean age: 35 ± 13 years) with active TrPs in the infraspinatus muscle.

Interventions

All individuals received dry needling into the infraspinatus active TrP. Then, they were divided randomly into an experimental group, which received a single bout of low‐load exercise of shoulder muscles; a placebo group, which received inactive ultrasound for 10 minutes; and a control group, which did not receive any intervention.

Outcome Measures

Numerical Pain Rating Scale (0‐10 point) was administered postneedling, immediately postintervention (2 minutes), and 24, 48, and 72 hours after needling. Shoulder pain (Numerical Pain Rating Scale, 0‐10) and disability (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand; Shoulder Pain and Disability Index) were assessed before and 72 hour after needling.

Results

The 5 × 3 analysis of covariance showed that the exercise group demonstrated a larger decrease in postneedling‐induced pain immediately after (P = .001), 24 hours (P = .001), and 48 hours after (P = .006) than placebo or control groups. No differences were found at 72 hours (P = .03). Similar improvements in shoulder pain (P < .001) and related disability (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand: P < .001; Shoulder Pain and Disability Index: P < .001) were observed 72 hours after needling, irrespective of the treatment group.

Conclusions

Low‐load exercise was effective for reducing postneedling‐induced pain on active TrPs in the infraspinatus muscle 24 and 48 hours after needling. The application of a postneedling intervention did not influence short‐term pain and disability changes.

Level of Evidence

I
A COLLECTION OF FIBER SANDALS FROM LAST SUPPER CAVE, NEVADA, AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR CAVE AND ROCKSHELTER ABANDONMENT DURING THE MIDDLE HOLOCENE
Authors: Ollivier Aaron P. , Smith Geoffrey M. , Barker Pat
Published: May 2017

Last Supper Cave, located in northwestern Nevada, was excavated in the 1960s and 1970s. It contained a rich record of human occupation spanning the Holocene, but many artifacts from the site, including a large basketry collection, remain unstudied. We report the results of our technological analysis and radiocarbon dating of 14 fiber sandals from Last Supper Cave, which include examples of Fort Rock, Multiple Warp, and Spiral Weft types found at other sites in the northwestern Great Basin. Radiocarbon dates on the sandals correspond well with previous dates from Last Supper Cave and suggest that it was visited episodically for over 10 millennia; however, when considered together with the growing list of dates from the site, the sandal dates suggest that Last Supper Cave saw a prolonged hiatus in occupation during the Middle Holocene—a pattern common at other sandal-bearing sites in the northwestern Great Basin.
The topological strong spatial mixing property and new conditions for pressure approximation
Authors: BRICEÑO RAIMUNDO
Published: May 2017

In the context of stationary $\mathbb{Z}^{d}$ nearest-neighbour Gibbs measures $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}$ satisfying strong spatial mixing, we present a new combinatorial condition (the topological strong spatial mixing property) on the support of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}$ that is sufficient for having an efficient approximation algorithm for topological pressure. We establish many useful properties of topological strong spatial mixing for studying strong spatial mixing on systems with hard constraints. We also show that topological strong spatial mixing is, in fact, necessary for strong spatial mixing to hold at high rate. Part of this work is an extension of results obtained by Gamarnik and Katz [Sequential cavity method for computing free energy and surface pressure. J. Stat. Phys.137(2) (2009), 205–232], and Marcus and Pavlov [An integral representation for topological pressure in terms of conditional probabilities. Israel J. Math.207(1) (2015), 395–433], who gave a special representation of topological pressure in terms of conditional probabilities.
The local rotation set is an interval
Authors: CONEJEROS JONATHAN
Published: May 2017

Let $\text{Homeo}_{0}(\mathbb{R}^{2};0)$ be the set of all homeomorphisms of the plane that are isotopic to the identity and which fix zero. Recently, in Le Roux [L’ensemble de rotation autour d’un point fixe. Astérisque (350) (2013), 1–109], Le Roux gave the definition of the local rotation set of an isotopy$I$ in $\text{Homeo}_{0}(\mathbb{R}^{2};0)$ from the identity to a homeomorphism $f$ and he asked if this set is always an interval. In this article, we give a positive answer to this question and to the analogous question in the case of the open annulus.
Aperiodicity at the boundary of chaos
Authors: HURDER STEVEN , RECHTMAN ANA
Published: May 2017

We consider the dynamical properties of $C^{\infty }$-variations of the flow on an aperiodic Kuperberg plug $\mathbb{K}$. Our main result is that there exists a smooth one-parameter family of plugs $\mathbb{K}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}}$ for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}\in (-a,a)$ and $a<1$, such that: (1) the plug $\mathbb{K}_{0}=\mathbb{K}$ is a generic Kuperberg plug; (2) for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}<0$, the flow in the plug $\mathbb{K}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}}$ has two periodic orbits that bound an invariant cylinder, all other orbits of the flow are wandering, and the flow has topological entropy zero; (3) for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}>0$, the flow in the plug $\mathbb{K}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}}$ has positive topological entropy, and an abundance of periodic orbits.
A Novel Metric to Monitor the Influence of Antimicrobial Stewardship Activities
Authors: Livorsi Daniel J. , O’Leary Erin , Pierce Tamra , Reese Lindsey , van Santen Katharina L. , Pollock Daniel A. , Edwards Jonathan R. , Srinivasan Arjun
Published: May 2017

The antimicrobial use (AU) option within the National Healthcare Safety Network summarizes antimicrobial prescribing data as a standardized antimicrobial administration ratio (SAAR). A hospital’s antimicrobial stewardship program found that greater involvement of an infectious disease physician in prospective audit and feedback procedures was associated with reductions in SAAR values across multiple antimicrobial categories.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:721–723
EXCAVATIONS AT KURD QABURSTAN, A SECOND MILLENNIUMb.c. URBAN SITE ON THE ERBIL PLAIN
Authors: Schwartz Glenn M. , Brinker Christopher D. , Creekmore Andrew T. , Feldman Marian H. , Smith Alexia , Weber Jill A.
Published: May 2017

Excavations at the 109 hectare site of Kurd Qaburstan on the Erbil plain in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq were conducted by the Johns Hopkins University in 2013 and 2014. The Middle Bronze Age (Old Babylonian period) is the main period of occupation evident on the site, and the project therefore aims to study the character of a north Mesopotamian urban centre of the early second millenniumb.c. On the high mound, excavations revealed three phases of Mittani (Late Bronze) period occupation, including evidence of elite residential architecture. On the low mound and the south slope of the high mound, Middle Bronze evidence included domestic remains with numerous ceramic vessels left in situ. Also dating to the Middle Bronze period is evidence of a city wall on the site edges. Later occupations include a cemetery, perhaps of Achaemenid date, on the south slope of the high mound and a Middle Islamic settlement on the southern lower town. Faunal and archaeobotanical analysis provide information on the plant and animal economy of the second millenniumb.c. occupations, and geophysical results have documented a thirty-one hectare expanse of dense Middle Bronze Age architecture in the northern lower town.
OA in the UK: State of the Nation
Authors: Rumsey Sally
Published: May 2017

This article provides an overview of the current status of UK national open access (OA) policies, their implementation, and the responses of HEIs (Higher Education Institutions) and other key players. Prior to 2012 a number of funders' OA policies had been published. Although many medical scientists were publishing OA articles and subject pre-print repositories were active in some disciplines (for example ArXiv and RePEc EconPapers), most academics were not complying with their funder's OA policy, the policies were not being policed, and in many disciplines, OA was not on researchers' radar.

The article concludes that OA in the UK has changed considerably in recent years and is continuing to evolve rapidly, mainly due to the effect of UK funder OA policies. There is an urgent need for increased automation to support greater accuracy and efficiency, which needs input from, and will benefit, the major players: researchers, universities, funders, and publishers. Sustainable funding needs to be coupled with efforts to drive down costs. The reasons behind the push for OA needs discussion with researchers, some of whom view OA as an additional burden. The value placed on OA needs to be weighted more towards the benefits of OA within a less compliance dominated environment. There is a long way to go, but reflecting on the last four years, the UK has made enormous strides towards widespread OA.
WHOSE FAULT? THE SPECULATOR'S GUILT INLITTLE DORRIT
Authors: Lannon Colleen
Published: May 2017

In May 1855,Charles Dickensconfided to a friend that he had found a “capital name” for his new work,Nobody's Fault, a title that remained until he completed the first three numbers and renamed itLittle Dorrit(Letters7.703). The original title has generally been assumed to refer to Dickens's broad attack on the lack of accountability in government, particularly in relation to the Crimean War. However, the phrase also evokes the issues of financial impropriety that permeate the novel. In particular, Arthur's obsessive concern that through his parents’ grasping at money “some one may have been grievously deceived, injured, ruined” (39; bk. 1, ch. 5) links his personal sense of guilt to the more public instance of financial “ruin” in the book – the collapse of Mr. Merdle's fraudulent schemes. In both cases, the question of agency remains ambiguous. Who is at fault for the bankruptcy of Clennam & Doyce: Arthur, who invested the firm's money in Merdle's ventures; Pancks, who convinced him of their soundness; or Merdle, who perpetrated the fraud? And who bears responsibility for the financial deceit that deprived Amy Dorrit of her rightful inheritance from Arthur's grandfather: Mrs. Clennam, who hid the codicil; Arthur's father, who colluded in the concealment; or Arthur, who, along with his parents, benefited financially from the transaction? Out of these ambiguities emerges one figure that becomes the locus of responsibility and blame for both transgressions – Arthur Clennam. Against the express wishes of his solicitor, Arthur steps forward to become the “solitary target” for the “thousands of people. . . wildly staring about for somebody alive to heap reproaches on” in the aftermath of Merdle's downfall and suicide (599; bk. 2, ch. 26). His actions give public expression to his private sense of familial guilt, allowing him to declare openly, “Iam at fault.”
From pessimism to optimism. A reply
Authors: Hofmann Kerstin P. , Stockhammer Philipp W.
Published: May 2017

The diversity of the comments makes it an easy and a complex task to address them. It is an easy task, since each of the commentators presented clear yet widely ranging opinions about the extent and relevance of theories in GSA, which differ astonishingly – from accusations of just presenting ‘theory-lite’ (Veit) to the very positive view that there is even more relevant theoretical discussion in GSA than mentioned by us (Kristiansen). The surprisingly diverse comments lead us to suppose that we have probably found a middle ground between the pessimistic and the more optimistic perspectives. However, commenting on the responses is also a complex task, because the only way of doing justice to them is by discussing them individually.
BASES OF -EQUIVARIANT COHOMOLOGY OF BOTT–SAMELSON VARIETIES
Authors: SHCHIGOLEV VLADIMIR
Published: May 2017

We construct combinatorial bases of the $T$-equivariant cohomology $H_{T}^{\bullet }(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F4},k)$ of the Bott–Samelson variety $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F4}$ under some mild restrictions on the field of coefficients $k$. These bases allow us to prove the surjectivity of the restrictions $H_{T}^{\bullet }(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F4},k)\rightarrow H_{T}^{\bullet }(\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}^{-1}(x),k)$ and $H_{T}^{\bullet }(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F4},k)\rightarrow H_{T}^{\bullet }(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F4}\setminus \unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}^{-1}(x),k)$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}:\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F4}\rightarrow G/B$ is the canonical resolution. In fact, we also construct bases of the targets of these restrictions by picking up certain subsets of certain bases of $H_{T}^{\bullet }(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F4},k)$ and restricting them to $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}^{-1}(x)$ or $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F4}\setminus \unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}^{-1}(x)$ respectively. As an application, we calculate the cohomology of the costalk-to-stalk embedding for the direct image $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}_{\ast }\text{}\underline{k}_{_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F4}}}$. This algorithm avoids division by 2, which allows us to re-establish 2-torsion for parity sheaves in Braden’s example, Braden and Williamson [‘Modular intersection cohomology complexes on flag varieties’, Math. Z.272(3–4) (2012), 697–727].
MicroRNA-18a-5p functions as an oncogene by directly targeting IRF2 in lung cancer
Authors: Liang Chen , Zhang Xing , Wang Hui-Min , Liu Xiao-Min , Zhang Xin-ju , Zheng Bo , Qian Guang-Ren , Ma Zhong-Liang
Published: May 2017

Lung cancer is the major form of cancer resulting in cancer-related mortality around the world. MicroRNAs are endogenous small non-coding single-stranded RNAs, which can engage in the regulation of gene expression. In this study, miR-18a-5p significantly upregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and NSCLC cell lines, suggesting an oncogenic function in lung cancer. Additionally, miR-18a-5p can promote carcinogenesis by directly targeting interferon regulatory factor 2 (IRF2). Further experiments indicated that IRF2 can increase cell apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation and migration ability. Our study demonstrates that miR-18a-5p promotes autophagy in NSCLC. Collectively, these results indicate that miR-18a-5p can not only promote NSCLC by suppressing IRF2, but also will be a promising target in the near future.
Erratum: Robust high-throughput kinetic analysis of apoptosis with real-time high-content live-cell imaging
Authors: Gelles Jesse D , Chipuk Jerry Edward
Published: May 2017

Correction to:Cell Death and Disease (2016) 7, e2493; doi: 10.1038/cddis.2016.332; published online 1 December 2016.
Human type H vessels are a sensitive biomarker of bone mass
Authors: Wang Liang , Zhou Fei , Zhang Peng , Wang Hongzhen , Qu Zhipeng , Jia Peng , Yao Zhe , Shen Guangsi , Li Guangfei , Zhao Guoyang , Li Jian , Mao Yongtao , Xie Zonggang , Xu Wei , Xu Youjia , Xu Ying
Published: May 2017

Vascularization is fundamental for bone formation and bone tissue homeostasis. However, in human subjects, a direct molecular relationship has not been identified between angiogenesis and agents that promote bone disease or factors related to age. Osteopenia is a condition in which bone mineral density is lower than normal, and it represents a sign of normal aging. Here we tested whether the type H vessel, which was recently identified as strongly positive for CD31 and Endomucin (CD31hiEmcnhi) in mice, is an important indicator of aging and osteopenia in human subjects. We found that age-dependent losses of type H vessels in human bone sections conform to the observations in aged mice. The abundance of human type H vessels and osteoprogenitors may be relevant to changes in the skeletal microarchitecture and advanced osteopenia. Furthermore, ovariectomized mice, a widely used model for postmenopausal osteoporosis, exhibited significantly reduced type H vessels accompanied by reduced osteoprogenitors, which is consistent with impaired bone microarchitecture and osteoporosis, suggesting that this feature is an indicator of bone mass independent of aging. More importantly, administration of desferrioxamine led to significantly increased bone mass via enhanced angiogenesis and increased type H vessels in ovariectomized mice. Altogether, these data represent a novel finding that type H vessels are regulated in aged and osteopenia subjects. The abundance of human type H vessels is an early marker of bone loss and represents a potential target for improving bone quality via the induction of type H vessels.