bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The challenging journey from trauma to post‐traumatic growth: Lived experiences of facilitating and hindering factors
Authors: Bryngeirsdottir Hulda S. , Halldorsdottir Sigridur
Published: October 2021

Background

Many people experience psychological trauma during their lifetime, often negatively affecting their mental and physical health. Post‐traumatic growth is a positive psychological change that may occur in an individual after having processed and coped with trauma. This journey, however, has not been studied enough.

Aim

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore people's experience of suffering psychological trauma, the personal effects of the trauma and the transition from trauma to post‐traumatic growth.

Methods

A purposeful sample of seven women and five men, aged 34–52, were selected whose backgrounds and history of trauma varied, but who had all experienced post‐traumatic growth. One to two interviews were conducted with each one, in all 14 interviews.

Results

This study introduces a unique mapping of the challenging journey from trauma to post‐traumatic growth through lived experiences of people who have experienced trauma as well as post‐traumatic growth. Participants had different trauma experience, but their suffering shaped them all as persons and influenced their wellbeing, health and view of life. Participants described post‐traumatic growth as a journey, rather than a destination. There was a prologue to their journey which some described as a hindering factor while others felt it was a good preparation for post‐traumatic growth, i.e. to overcome difficulties at an early age. Participants described six main influencing factors on their post‐traumatic growth, both facilitating and hindering ones. They also described the positive personal changes they had undergone when experiencing post‐traumatic growth even though the epilogue also included heavy days. A new theoretical definition of post‐traumatic growth was constructed from the findings.

Conclusion

The results suggest that the journey to post‐traumatic growth includes a recovery process and certain influencing factors that must be considered. This information has implications for professionals treating and supporting people who have suffered traumas.
Comments on the Discussion Forum: Oromucosal immunomodulation as clinical spectrum mitigating factor in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Smith Michael L. , Sharma Sujata , Singh Tej P.
Published: October 2021

The mammalian lactoperoxidase system, consisting of lactoperoxidase and the H2O2‐producing enzyme duox, is our first line of defence against airborne microbes. This system catalyses the production of hypoiodite and hypoiodous acid in the presence of sufficient iodine. These products are highly efficient at destroying the H1N1 virus and the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Japan has not been affected as much as other nations during the COVID‐19 pandemic (death rate about 10% of the United States), and we think this is due to a diet high in iodine. With this in mind, we suggest four actions to prevent SARS‐CoV‐2 infections. First, health professionals should study the preventative effect of increasing iodine in the diets of the aged, institutionalized, diabetics andsmokers. Second, the recommended daily intake (RDI) for iodine should be significantly increased, to at least double, the current RDI. Governments should encourage the use and distribution of cheap iodized salts, kelp and seaweed. Third, more research should be done around the physiology and the protective effects of the lactoperoxidase system. Finally, the degradation products of the SARS‐CoV‐2 viral particle by hypoiodite and hypoiodous acid should be characterized; portions of the damaged particle are likely to elicit stronger immunity and better vaccines.
Dynamic light‐ and acetate‐dependent regulation of the proteome and lysine acetylome of Chlamydomonas
Authors: Füßl Magdalena , König Ann‐Christine , Eirich Jürgen , Hartl Markus , Kleinknecht Laura , Bohne Alexandra‐Viola , Harzen Anne , Kramer Katharina , Leister Dario , Nickelsen Jörg , Finkemeier Iris
Published: October 2021

The green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is one of the most studied microorganisms in photosynthesis research and for biofuel production. A detailed understanding of the dynamic regulation of its carbon metabolism is therefore crucial for metabolic engineering. Post‐translational modifications can act as molecular switches for the control of protein function. Acetylation of the ɛ‐amino group of lysine residues is a dynamic modification on proteins across organisms from all kingdoms. Here, we performed mass spectrometry‐based profiling of proteome and lysine acetylome dynamics in Chlamydomonas under varying growth conditions. Chlamydomonas liquid cultures were transferred from mixotrophic (light and acetate as carbon source) to heterotrophic (dark and acetate) or photoautotrophic (light only) growth conditions for 30 h before harvest. In total, 5863 protein groups and 1376 lysine acetylation sites were identified with a false discovery rate of <1%. As a major result of this study, our data show that dynamic changes in the abundance of lysine acetylation on various enzymes involved in photosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, and the glyoxylate cycle are dependent on acetate and light. Exemplary determination of acetylation site stoichiometries revealed particularly high occupancy levels on K175 of the large subunit of RuBisCO and K99 and K340 of peroxisomal citrate synthase under heterotrophic conditions. The lysine acetylation stoichiometries correlated with increased activities of cellular citrate synthase and the known inactivation of the Calvin–Benson cycle under heterotrophic conditions. In conclusion, the newly identified dynamic lysine acetylation sites may be of great value for genetic engineering of metabolic pathways in Chlamydomonas.
TEMPERATURE AND IRRADIANCE BASED ANALYSIS THE SPECIFIC VARIATION OF PV MODULE
Authors: Koondhar Mohsin Ali , Channa Irfan Ali , Chandio Sadullah , Jamali Muhammad Ismail , Channa Abdul Sami , Laghari Imtiaz Ali
Published: October 2021

The effect of irradiance and increase of temperature on the back surface of the PV module would decrease the standardized efficiency of PV. To overcome this problem observed results of solar module (ORSM) and Newton Raphson’s (iterative) methods have been proposed in this research. This article compares ORSM and iterative methods of changing the specifications of a single diode model (SDM) extracted from a PV module beneath standard test conditions (STC) to calculate irradiance and various operating conditions. To make this comparison, the exact value of each diode parameter on the STC is essential. These are achieved by accepted algebraic values and iterative techniques. Newton Raphson’s technique has been proven to be the mainly precise method to find these specifications in STC. Therefore, these specifications are used to different techniques that change the parameters of an SDM with radiation and temperature. The MATLAB model is designed to assess the conducting of individual techniques by PVM. The results are compared with the measured data, and the accuracy of photovoltaic module efficiency has been achieved through different technologies at different temperature and insolation levels.
MAPPING AND POSITIONING SYSTEM ON OMNIDIRECTIONAL ROBOT USING SIMULTANEOUS LOCALIZATION AND MAPPING (SLAM) METHOD BASED ON LIDAR
Authors: Fikri Achmad Akmal , Anifah Lilik
Published: October 2021

The main problem from autonomous robot for navigation is how the robot able to recognize the surrounding environment and know this position. These problems make this research weakness and become a challenge for further research. Therefore, this research focuses on designing a mapping and positioning system using Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) method which is implemented on an omnidirectional robot using a LiDAR sensor. The proposes of this research  are mapping system using the google cartographer algorithm combined with the eulerdometry method, eulerdometry is a combination of odometry and euler orientation from IMU sensor, while the positioning system uses the Adaptive Monte Carlo Localization (AMCL) method combined with the eulerdometry method. Testing is carried out by testing the system five times from each system, besides that testing is also carried out at each stage, testing on each sensor used such as the IMU and LiDAR sensors, and testing on system integration, including the eulerdometry method, mapping system and positioning system. The results on the mapping system showed optimal results, even though there was still noise in the results of the maps created, while the positioning system test got an average RMSE value from each map created of 278.55 mm on the x-axis, 207.37 mm on the y-axis, and 4.28o on the orientation robot.
WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS FOR FLUORIDE CONCENTRATION IN FLUORIDATED DRINKING WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM VIA HYDRAULIC SIMULATION
Authors: Rohani Rosiah , Basiron Siti Aishah , Rosli Nurul Suraya , Yusoff Izzati Izni , Khairul Zaman Nadiah , Abd. Rashid Aina Izzati
Published: October 2021

Drinking water quality monitoring is compulsory in order to ensure that it does not pose any harm to the public health. Water fluoridation is aimed to provide sufficient amount of fluoride in the drinking water for the consumer dental health benefit. In this study, EPANET software was used to model the water distribution network from a specific water treatment plant and later to simulate the hydraulic and water quality analysis for the system. From the simulation and modeling of the water distribution network, the hydraulic simulation and water quality behavior for fluoride concentration of each nodes and links in the drinking water distribution network were found to change over time following the drinking water distribution segment. From the hydraulic simulation, especially for head and flow at a particular point in time, it consists of simultaneous solution of flow equivalence for every junction and headloss relationship in every link of network as a result of hydraulic balancing. In the water distribution network, every pipe in a network made up a single segment, where the water quality was proportional to its initial quality set at the starting node. In conclusion, the hydraulic status of the physical and non-physical components of the water distribution network found to have a significant impact on the fluoride content of drinking water.
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE VISCOUS TUNED MASS DAMPER FOR THE ATTENUATION OF STRUCTURAL RESPONSES
Authors: Ahmad Afham Zulhusmi , Abu Aminudin , Quen Lee Kee , Othman Nor’azizi , Che In Faridah
Published: October 2021

This paper presents a systematic experimental investigation on the performance of a Multiple Tuned Mass Dampers (MTMDs) attached to a structural system under dynamic load excitation. A Modal Experimental Analysis (EMA) of a three-story structural frame equipped with a viscous damper system was carried out through a series of shaking table tests to evaluate the performance and verify the analysis approach. Each of the TMDs consists of a mass attached to a structural floor via Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) viscous bearing. Initially, the TMD was designed solely to control single mode vibration and then the mechanism is extended for the application of controlling multimode responses. The experiment demonstrated that the proposed viscous dampers exhibit good performance in reducing the response of structures under dynamic loads, and able to control both fundamental and higher vibration modes of a Multiple Degree of Freedom (MDOF) primary system effectively. It was also evident that the attachment of the air dashpot dampers to each of TMDs lead to better efficiency on controlling the amplification of the damper mass and significantly contribute to better structural modal tuning.
Two-Dimensional In-Plane Elastic Waves in Curved-Tapered Square Lattice Frame Structure
Authors: Prasad Rajan , Baxy Ajinkya , Banerjee Arnab
Published: October 2021

This work proposes a unique configuration of a two-dimensional metamaterial lattice grid comprising curved and tapered beams. The propagation of elastic waves in the structure is analyzed using the dynamic stiffness matrix (DSM) approach and the Floquet–Bloch theorem. The DSM for the unit cell is formulated under the extensional theory of curved beam, considering the effects of shear and rotary inertia. The study considers two types of variable rectangular cross sections, viz. single taper and double taper along the length of the beam. Further, the effect of curvature and taper on the wave propagation is analyzed through the band diagram along the irreducible Brillouin zone. It is shown that a complete band gap, i.e., attenuation band in all the directions of wave propagation, in a homogeneous structure can be tailored with a suitable combination of curvature and taper. Generation of the complete bandgap is hinged upon the coupling of the axial and transverse components of the lattice grid. This coupling emerges due to the presence of the curvature and is further enhanced due to tapering. The double taper cross section is shown to have wider attenuation characteristics than single taper cross sections. Specifically, 83.36% and 63% normalized complete bandwidth is achieved for the double and single taper cross section for a homogeneous metamaterial, respectively. Additional characteristics of the proposed metamaterial in the time and frequency domain of the finite structure, vibration attenuation, wave localization in the equivalent finite structure are also studied.
Optimizing the Process Parameters for Additive Manufacturing of Glass Components by Selective Laser Melting: Soda-Lime Glass Versus Quartz Glass
Authors: Grigoriev S. N. , Khmyrov R. S. , Gridnev M. A. , Tarasova T. V. , Gusarov A. V.
Published: October 2021

Additive manufacturing by selective laser melting (SLM) is generally applicable to glasses while insufficient resistance of the material to thermal shocks due to local laser heating may result in cracking and a high viscosity of glass melt is responsible for incomplete powder consolidation related to residual porosity. The present work shows that preheating up to 350 °C is sufficient to avoid cracking of soda-lime glass. Preheating of quartz glass up to 730 °C considerably decreases the residual porosity, which is explained by acceleration of powder consolidation by the viscous-flow mechanism of glass particles’ coalescence. Variation of the preheating temperature is an effective tool to control consolidation of glass powder and to avoid cracking.
p21 produces a bioactive secretome that places stressed cells under immunosurveillance
Authors: Sturmlechner Ines , Zhang Cheng , Sine Chance C. , van Deursen Erik-Jan , Jeganathan Karthik B. , Hamada Naomi , Grasic Jan , Friedman David , Stutchman Jeremy T. , Can Ismail , Hamada Masakazu , Lim Do Young , Lee Jeong-Heon , Ordog Tamas , Laberge Remi-Martin , Shapiro Virginia , Baker Darren J. , Li Hu , van Deursen Jan M.
Published: October 2021

The clock is ticking for senescent cells

Senescent cells promote their own recognition and removal through the immune system by generating a bioactive secretome called the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Sturmlechner
et al
. report that the cell cycle regulator p21 directs an early form of the SASP, which they call the p21-activated secretory phenotype (PASP) (see the Perspective by Reen and Gil). As part of the PASP, the chemokine CXCL14 attracts macrophages, which monitor stressed cells expressing elevated p21. If stressed cells recuperate and p21 levels return to normal within 4 days, then macrophages disengage from their targets. Otherwise, macrophages recruit cytotoxic T cells that facilitate target cell removal. Other cell cycle regulators such as p16 can induce many factors overlapping with the PASP, but p21 uniquely drives this CXCL14-mediated “timer” mechanism of senescent cell immunosurveillance. —STS
Microwave observations reveal the deep extent and structure of Jupiter’s atmospheric vortices
Authors: Bolton S. J. , Levin S. M. , Guillot T. , Li C. , Kaspi Y. , Orton G. , Wong M. H. , Oyafuso F. , Allison M. , Arballo J. , Atreya S. , Becker H. N. , Bloxham J. , Brown S. T. , Fletcher L. N. , Galanti E. , Gulkis S. , Janssen M. , Ingersoll A. , Lunine J. L. , Misra S. , Steffes P. , Stevenson D. , Waite J. H. , Yadav R. K. , Zhang Z.
Published: October 2021

Measuring the depth of Jupiter’s storms

The atmosphere of Jupiter consists of bands of winds rotating at different rates, punctuated by giant storms. The largest storm is the Great Red Spot (GRS), which has persisted for more than a century. It has been unclear whether the storms are confined to a thin layer near the top of the atmosphere or if they extend deep into the planet. Bolton
et al
. used microwave observations from the Juno spacecraft to observe several storms and vortices. They found that the storms extended below the depths at which water and ammonia are expected to condense, implying a connection with the deep atmosphere. Parisi
et al
. analyzed gravity measurements taken while Juno flew over the GRS. They detected a perturbation in the planet’s gravitational field caused by the storm, finding that it was no more than 500 kilometers deep. In combination, these results constrain how Jupiter’s meteorology links to its deep interior. —KTS
Polyethylene materials with in-chain ketones from nonalternating catalytic copolymerization
Authors: Baur Maximilian , Lin Fei , Morgen Tobias O. , Odenwald Lukas , Mecking Stefan
Published: October 2021

Polyethylene with a nickel’s worth of CO

The biggest problem with polyethylene, the most abundantly manufactured plastic, is that it doesn’t break down easily once it is discarded. Chemists have long sought to introduce small quantities of carbon monoxide (CO) into polyethylene chains to promote photodegradation, but too much CO tends to jump in and spoil the plastic’s other properties. Baur
et al
. report that nickel catalysts coordinated by bulky phosphinophenolate ligands can catalyze ethylene polymerization with approximately 1% CO incorporation, preserving tensile strength while promoting degradation under ultraviolet exposure (see the Perspective by Sobkowicz). —JSY
Informing sleep policy through field experiments
Authors: Rao Gautam , Redline Susan , Schilbach Frank , Schofield Heather , Toma Mattie
Published: October 2021

Evidence is particularly needed from poorer communities
Documenting Indigenous dispossession
Authors: Fixico Donald L.
Published: October 2021

A major data synthesis maps tribal displacements
Refining the tree of life
Life as We Made It: How 50,000 Years of Human Innovation Refined—and Redefined—Nature
Beth Shapiro
Basic Books, 2021. 352 pp.
Authors: Campbell-Staton Shane
Published: October 2021

Human interventions, both intentional and unintentional, define a new chapter in Earth’s storied history
Polymer design for the circular economy
Authors: Sobkowicz Margaret J.
Published: October 2021

Addition of keto groups to polyethylene helps it degrade while maintaining its properties
Clearing stressed cells
Authors: Reen Virinder , Gil Jesús
Published: October 2021

Cell cycle arrest produces a p21-dependent secretome that initiates immunosurveillance of premalignant cells
Linking climate and biodiversity
Authors: Madruga Ramón Pichs
Published: October 2021

Climate change and loss of biological diversity are global challenges, linked to each other and to other socioeconomic and environmental challenges. These interlinkages have been discussed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), valuable references for multilateral negotiations in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), whose Conference of the Parties (COP) convenes in November, and the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), whose COP convened in October. In the past year, in recognition of common challenges and opportunities, the IPCC and IPBES formally collaborated for the first time. Decision-making processes around these complex issues will be more effective if they integrate responses to climate change, biodiversity loss, and human development gaps at various spatial scales: global, regional, national, and local.
In Science Journals
Authors: Smith H. Jesse , Funk Michael A. , Jiang Di , Stajic Jelena , Szuromi Phil , Ash Caroline , Hines Pamela J. , Ferrarelli Leslie K. , Alderton Gemma , Scanlon Seth Thomas , Rai Tage S. , Yeston Jake , Osborne Ian S. , Olingy Claire , Malo Courtney S. , Aldenderfer Mark
Published: October 2021

Highlights from the
Science
family of journals
Pandemic productivity dip may linger
Authors: Madhusoodanan Jyoti
Published: October 2021

Scientists started fewer new research projects in 2020
Superconductor finding draws pointed critique
Authors: Service Robert F.
Published: October 2021

Study slammed by critic, who has demanded raw data withheld by authors
Draft Genome Sequence of the Multidrug-Resistant Strain Stenotrophomonas maltophilia N0320, Isolated from a Commercial Nanoparticle Product
Authors: Park Miseon , Summage-West Christine V. , Sims Lillie M. , Kim Sung-Guk
Published: October 2021

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
is an emerging opportunistic pathogen that is frequently associated with hospital infections. We report the 4.8-Mbp draft genome sequence of the oxidase-positive
S. maltophilia
strain N0320, an isolate from a commercial hydroxyapatite nanoparticle product.
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria infection treated with intermittently inhaled high-dose nitric oxide
Authors: Goldbart Aviv , Gatt Dvir , Golan Tripto Inbal
Published: October 2021

Mycobacterium abscessusis an emerging multidrug-resistant non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) with high prevalence in patients with cystic fibrosis. However, studies on antimicrobial susceptibilities and effective treatments againstM. abscessusare still limited. Nitric oxide (NO) is important in innate immune response to various infections, including mycobacterial infections. In this case study, we describe a compassionate treatment of inhaled NO (iNO) at 150–250 ppm for 4 weeks. The dosing strategy proposed for this treatment was selected to minimise the potential of adverse events, while maximising the antibacterial effectiveness of NO, and was found to be safe, well tolerated and resulted in positive clinical findings including improvement in patient well-being, CT scan values, quality of life and bacterial load. Taken together, these observations may indicate that iNO could play a crucial role and potentially serve as a reliable option in the treatment of patients with chronic refractory NTM lung infection.
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in a neonate masquerading as surgical abdomen
Authors: Agrawal Gopal , Wazir Sanjay , Arora Ajay , Sethi Sidharth Kumar
Published: October 2021

Worldwide, thousands of cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) have already been reported in children. Evidence regarding neonatal MIS-C is limited. We present the first case report of a neonate presenting within 48 hours of life with predominant abdominal signs mimicking surgical abdomen. Clinical picture comprised fever, multiorgan dysfunction (gastrointestinal, cardiorespiratory, hepatic and dermatological), positive inflammatory markers, high ferritin and high D-dimer levels. Cardiac enzyme N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide as well as D-dimer levels were elevated. Blood, urine, stool and cerebrospinal fluid cultures were sterile. Positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG in both the mother and the infant, along with an epidemiological evidence of maternal contact with COVID-19, clinched the diagnosis of MIS-C. Immunomodulatory drugs (intravenous immunoglobulin and systemic steroids) were administered and showed good clinical response. A high index of suspicion of MIS-C in critically ill neonates can improve outcomes.
Human serum metabolomic analysis reveals progression for high blood pressure in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhang Yin , Zhao Heru , Liu Bin , Shu Haiyang , Zhang Lulu , Bao Mei , Yi Wenjun , Tan Yong , Ji Xinyu , Zhang Chi , Zhao Ning , Pang Guoming , He Dan , Wang Yuexi , Li Li , Yi Jianfeng , Lu Cheng
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most ordinary metabolic disorders and manifests as a high blood sugar level; 80%–90% of patients with T2DM will develop high blood pressure (HBP), which exacerbates irreversible organ damage. Understanding the metabolic basis of HBP is essential to facilitating early diagnosis and prompt treatments of diabetic complications.

Research design and methods

34 patients who originally had T2DM and then developed HBP within 1 year were selected from physical examination participants. Using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight metabolomic analysis, we compared the metabolomic profile of patients with 30 healthy controls. The results showed a clear discrimination in metabolomic profiles between T2DM and T2DM+HBP when employing orthogonal projection to latent structure with discriminant analysis with electrospray ionization modes.

Results

Eight differential metabolites changed significantly during disease progression, among which L-isoleucine, L-glutamic acid, pyroglutamic acid and linoleic acid decreased, while sphinganine, Cer(d18:0/16:0), Cer(d18:0/18:0), and citric acid increased. These metabolites are associated with the γ-glutamyl cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and ceramide metabolism.

Conclusions

These novel serum biomarkers may improve the management of T2DM and HBP complications, thus reducing the use of incorrect medical care.
Integrated real-time imaging system, ‘IRIS’, Kangaroo feeding tube: a guide to placement and image interpretation
Authors: Taylor Stephen , Sayer Kaylee , Milne Danielle , Brown Jules , Zeino Zeino
Published: October 2021

Background

Lung complications occur in 0.5% of the millions of blind tube placements. This represents a major health burden. Use of a Kangaroo feeding tubes with an ‘integrated real-time imaging system’ (‘IRIS’ tube) may pre-empt such complications. We aimed to produce a preliminary operator guide to IRIS tube placement and interpretation of position.

Methods

In a single centre, IRIS tubes were prospectively placed in intensive care unit patients. Characteristics of tube placement and visualised anatomy were recorded in each organ to produce a guide.

Results

Of 45 patients having one tube placement, 3 were aborted due to refusal (n=1) or inability to enter the oesophagus (n=2). Of 43 tubes placed beyond 30 cm, 12 (28%) initially entered the respiratory tract but all were withdrawn before reaching the main carina. We identified anatomical markers for the nasal or oral cavity (97.8%), respiratory tract (100%), oesophagus (97.6%), stomach (100%) and intestine (100%). Organ differentiation was possible in 100%: trachea-oesophagus, oesophagus-stomach and stomach-intestine. Gastric tube position was confirmed by aspiration of fluid with a pH<4.0 and/ or X-ray. Trauma was avoided in 13.6% by identifying that the tube remained in the nasal lumen in the presence of a base of skull fracture (n=3) and in the stomach in the presence of recently bleeding polyps or mucosa (n=3). A systematic guide was produced from records of tube placement and interpretation of anatomical images.

Conclusion

By permitting real-time confirmation of tube position, direct vision may reduce risk of lung complications. The preliminary operator guide requires validation in larger studies.
Relationship between body composition, exercise capacity and health-related quality of life in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Machado Felipe V C , Bloem Ada E M , Schneeberger Tessa , Jarosch Inga , Gloeckl Rainer , Winterkamp Sandra , Franssen Frits M E , Koczulla Andreas R , Pitta Fabio , Spruit Martijn A , Kenn Klaus
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) can be used to estimate Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI). However, the use of directly measured BIA variables, such as phase angle (PhA), has gained attention. The frequency of low FFMI and PhA and its associations with exercise capacity and health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have been scarcely studied.

Objectives

To investigate the frequency of low FFMI and PhA and their associations with exercise capacity and HRQL in patients with IPF.

Methods

Patients underwent assessment of lung function, body composition, exercise capacity by the 6 min walk distance (6MWD), and HRQL by the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36-item Questionnaire (SF-36). Patients were classified as presenting normal or low PhA or FFMI, accordingly to the 10th percentiles of age-sex-body mass index (BMI)-specific reference values.

Results

98 patients (84 males, age: 68±8 years, forced vital capacity: 64%±18%predicted) were included. 24 patients presented low PhA. They were characterised by worse lung function, exercise capacity and HRQL compared with patients with normal PhA. 10 patients presented low FFMI, but despite differences in body composition, no differences were found between these patients and patients with normal FFMI. In a single regression analysis, age, lung function and body composition variables (except FFMI) were related to 6MWD and SF-36 Physical Summary Score (R²=0.06–0.36, p<0.05). None of the variables were related to SF-36 Mental Summary Score.

Conclusion

One-fourth of the patients with IPF with normal to obese BMI present abnormally low PhA. Patients classified as low PhA presented worse lung function, exercise capacity and HRQL.
Treatment of 137 cases of decompression sickness
Authors: Slark A. G.
Published: October 2021

The treatment of 137 cases of decompression sickness is reviewed and the various routines used in treatment are compared. Special attention is paid to the recurrence rate after the initial treatment. Some suggestions are put forward for more efficient treatment, using methods other than the traditional stage system of decompression from fixed pressure levels.
COVID-19 and the orthopaedic surgeon: who gets redeployed?
Authors: Bronheim Rachel S , Humbyrd Casey Jo
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased demand for physicians, leading to widespread redeployment of specialty physicians to care for patients with COVID-19. These redeployments highlight an important question: How do physicians balance competing obligations to their own health, their own patients, and society during a public health crisis? How can physicians, specifically subspecialists, navigate this tension? In this article, we analyse a clinical scenario in which an orthopaedic sports surgeon is redeployed to care for patients with COVID-19. This case raises questions about physicians’ obligations to their own patients compared with society at large, the relative value of specialty physicians during a global pandemic, and the ethical permissibility of compulsory redeployment. Using the orthopaedic surgery specialty as a model, we build a redeployment framework for surgical specialists that is both ethical and equitable. We argue that although orthopaedic surgeons have a moral obligation to participate in physician redeployment schemes, the scope of this obligation is limited and contingent on the following conditions: (1) the number of local COVID-19 cases is high; (2) obligations to their own patients or orthopaedic patients requiring urgent or emergency care have been fulfilled; (3) their value as physicians exceeds their value as specialists because of the pandemic climate; (4) voluntary redeployments are exhausted before compulsory redeployments are implemented; and (5) redeployment would not put the physicians at unreasonable risk of harm.
Initialization of thermal models in cold and warm permafrost
Authors: Ross Cameron , Siemens Greg , Beddoe Ryley
Published: October 2021

Equilibrium modelling, also known as spin-up, is a technique for initializing a stable thermal regime in ground temperature models for permafrost regions. The results act as a baseline for subsequent transient analyses of ground temperature response to climate change or infrastructure. In practice, spin-up procedures are often loosely described or neglected, and the criteria by which a stable thermal regime is evaluated are rarely defined or presented explicitly. In this paper, model results show that no single criterion based on thresholds of inter-cycle temperature change can be used to identify a stable thermal regime in all spin-up scenarios. Results from simulations using a wide range of initialization temperatures and conditions show the number of spin-up cycles can range between 10 and 10 000, and a spin-up criterion as fine as 0.00001 °C/cycle is required to achieve a stable thermal regime suitable for deeper warm permafrost models. The implications of selected threshold criteria are examined in follow-up transient analyses and show that warm permafrost models can be highly sensitive to initial temperature profiles based on the criterion used. The results alert scientists and engineers to the importance of initialization on site-specific and regional permafrost models for transient ground temperature analyses.
Impact of gum arabic and cactus mucilage as potential coating substances combined with calcium chloride treatment on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit quality attributes under ambient storage conditions
Authors: Daraghmah Fayez Sati , Qubbaj Tawfiq
Published: October 2021

The current work investigates the impact of postharvest applications of calcium chloride (CaCl2) in combination with either 10% gum arabic or 50% cactus mucilage on the quality parameters and storability of tomato fruit (Izmir variety), at ambient storage conditions [21 ± 1 °C, relative humidity (RH) 45% ± 2%]. The tomato fruits were dipped in 6% CaCl2 for 10 min and then coated with either 10% gum arabic or 50% cactus mucilage for 3 min. During the time-course of storage, the fruit attributes, such as fresh fruit weight loss, fruit decay, firmness, titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSS), and color development were assessed. The results revealed a significant (P ≤ 0.05) effect of fruit postharvest treatment with 6% CaCl2 for 10 min combined with postharvest coating treatments with either 10% gum arabic or 50% cactus mucilage for 3 min on reducing fruit fresh weight loss, and decay percent of fruits. Fruit firmness, TA, and TSS were preserved compared with untreated fruit. In addition, treated fruits took more time to develop from pink to full red compared with untreated fruit. Hence, coating with natural substances combined with CaCl2 preserved the overall quality parameters and enhanced the shelf life of tomato fruit even after three weeks of storage at ambient temperature.
DNA Mutations via Chern–Simons Currents
Authors: Bajardi Francesco , Altucci Lucia , Benedetti Rosaria , Capozziello Salvatore , Sorbo Maria Rosaria Del , Franci Gianluigi , Altucci Carlo
Published: October 2021

We test the validity of a possible schematization of DNA structure and dynamics based on the Chern–Simons theory, that is a topological field theory mostly considered in the context of effective gravity theories. By means of the expectation value of the Wilson Loop, derived from this analogue gravity approach, we find the point-like curvature of genomic strings in KRAS human gene and COVID-19 sequences, correlating this curvature with the genetic mutations. The point-like curvature profile, obtained by means of the Chern–Simons currents, can be used to infer the position of the given mutations within the genetic string. Generally, mutations take place in the highest Chern–Simons current gradient locations and subsequent mutated sequences appear to have a smoother curvature than the initial ones, in agreement with a free energy minimization argument.
Multiple-Object Detection and Segmentation Based on Deep Learning in High-Resolution Video Using Mask-RCNN
Authors: Rajjak Shaikh Shakil Abdul , Kureshi A. K.
Published: October 2021

Imaging sensors with higher resolution and higher frame rates are becoming more popular for wide-area video surveillance (VS) and other applications as technology advances Using Mask-RCNN, we proposed Multiple-Object Detection and Segmentation in High-Resolution Video based on Deep Learning. The ResNet-50 ResNet-101 is used as the backbone in the proposed R-CNN Mask FPN model. The deep residual network’s design overcomes the problem of lower learning efficiency due to the network’s deepening. To reach the objective of the smallest overall error, the deep residual network divided the training series into one training block, minimizing the error of each block. It is roughly divided into five convolutional layer stages. The output scale is cut in half at each point. We used mixed precision FP16 and FP32 for training the model and achieved great speed in training time reduction in inference time for object. The COCO 2014 data set is used to train and validate the proposed model with mixed precision, leading to faster performance. The results of the experiments show that the proposed model can run at 30–48 frames per second with 85% accuracy.
New Ventures Competitiveness and Success; Do Intellectual Capital, IT Capabilities, Entrepreneurial and Market Orientation Really Matter?
Authors: Anwar Muhammad , Clauss Thomas , Ullah Rizwan
Published: October 2021

The failure ratio of new ventures across the globe pushes researchers towards finding solutions, but the response is not effective. This research project surveyed 297 new manufacturing enterprises from China to find factors that significantly contribute to the success of new ventures. The results indicated that intellectual capital significantly sustains performance and sustainable competitive advantage in new ventures. The relationship between intellectual capital and new venture performance is partially mediated by a sustainable competitive advantage. Information technology capabilities do not positively impact new venture performance and competitiveness. Entrepreneurial orientation has a significant influence on differentiation strategy and new venture performance. Sustainable competitive advantage does not mediate the path between entrepreneurial orientation and new venture performance, but it fully mediates the association between market orientation and new venture performance. This study recommends that new enterprises focus on intellectual capital, entrepreneurial orientation, and market orientation to acquire a sustainable position in the competitive market. New ventures should also evaluate their technological capabilities to understand why they do not play a vital role. Further implications have been stated.
Networks Around Potential and Nascent Entrepreneurs: Examining the Mediating Role of Risk-Taking and Self-Confidence
Authors: Ahmed Faten Fekih , Belkacem Lotfi
Published: October 2021

The importance of social network comes not only from the resources to which networks facilitate access but also from the capacity of the network to develop entrepreneurial characteristics in a person. This research focuses on the importance of the entrepreneur’s social network in the pre-start-up phase. It also examines the mediating role of risk-taking and self-confidence as important psychological variables for future entrepreneurs. We undertake this study to better understand the failure at the network level of the future Tunisian entrepreneur while offering solutions to decision-makers in Tunisia. Among the 2,000 adults surveyed by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, interest is focused on potential and emerging entrepreneurs. The results of logistic regression modelling show that future Tunisian entrepreneurs often use their emotional support network and neglect other networks which offer practical support at an earlier stage of business creation. Unlike to expectations, risk-taking and self-confidence have not mediated the relationship between the social network and the pre-start-up phase.
On the module of derivations of rings of invariants of k[X,Y ] under the action of certain dihedral groups
Authors: Dey Arindam , Kour Surjeet
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we study the derivation module of the ring of invariants of [Formula: see text] under the linear action of dihedral groups [Formula: see text] mentioned in a paper by Riemenschneider [Die Invarianten der endlichen Untergruppen von [Formula: see text], Math. Zeitsch. 153 (1977) 37–50]. We obtained an explicit generating set for the derivation module of [Formula: see text]. We show that [Formula: see text].
New model structures and projective (injective) cotorsion pairs
Authors: Xu Aimin
Published: October 2021

Let [Formula: see text] be either the category of R-modules or the category of chain complexes of R-modules and [Formula: see text] a cofibrantly generated hereditary abelian model structure on [Formula: see text]. First, we get a new cofibrantly generated model structure on [Formula: see text] related to [Formula: see text] for any positive integer n, and hence, one can get new algebraic triangulated categories. Second, it is shown that any n-strongly Gorenstein projective module gives rise to a projective cotorsion pair cogenerated by a set. Finally, let M be an R-module with finite flat dimension and n a positive integer, if [Formula: see text] is an exact sequence of [Formula: see text]-modules with every [Formula: see text] Gorenstein injective, then M is injective.
A REVIEW OF MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF DENTAL CERAMIC RESTORATIONS
Authors: SHAFIGH ELNAZ , ASHRAFI MEHRAN
Published: October 2021

Dental ceramics are well known for restoring the function and aesthetic of lost or damaged teeth. Understanding these materials’ mechanical and aesthetic properties can make a suitable choice for those materials. The longevity of dental ceramics depends on several factors, including manufacturing method, clinical process, and the oral cavity’s aqueous environment. Failure mechanisms in restorative ceramics are complex and a combination of several factors. Different microstructures in the crystalline phase will involve the propagation of cracks and eventually the fatigue of ceramic materials. Large grains reduce mechanical performance compared to small grain sizes. Aesthetic materials used for veneering are weaker than the core materials and fail when even subjected to small loads. The soft bonding in the core–veneer interface and possible residual stresses created during the veneering method are drawbacks of these systems. Studies on the mechanical behavior of these materials have grown significantly in recent years and provide helpful information about static and fatigue experimentation and the failure behavior of various materials used in dental crowns.
Clarifying real receptor binding site between coronavirus HCoV-HKU1 and 9-O-Ac-Sia based on molecular docking
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Zhao Jingying , Li Sicong , Wei Cai , Wang Shihang , Xu Xuanyu , Zheng Yin , Deng Xiangyu , Yuan Wenliang , Zeng Xiaomin , Peng Sihua
Published: October 2021

HCoV-HKU1 is a [Formula: see text]-coronavirus with low pathogenicity, which usually leads to respiratory diseases. At present, a controversial issue is that whether the receptor binding site (RBS) of HCoV-HKU1 is located in the N-terminal domain (NTD) or the C-terminal domain (CTD) in the HCoV-HKU1 S protein. To address this issue, we used molecular docking technology to dock the NTD and CTD with 9-oxoacetylated sialic acid (9-O-Ac-Sia), respectively, with the results showing that the RBS of HCoV-HKU1 is located in the NTD (amino acid residues 80–95, 25–32). Our findings clarified the structural basis and molecular mechanism of the HCoV-HKU1 infection, providing important information for the development of therapeutic antibody drugs and the design of vaccines.
THE INFLUENCE OF DESIGN THINKING ON OPEN INNOVATION
Authors: LODERER MARIA , KOCK ALEXANDER
Published: October 2021

Design thinking has gained popularity in the corporate context. It has already proven to be a valuable approach to problem-solving within an organisation, but research has neglected its impact on external partnerships. Since most researchers use qualitative research designs, there is little quantitative empirical evidence on design thinking. This study applies a multi-informant survey design that considers the project and the organisational level. Based on 212 projects in 78 companies, we examine the relationship between design thinking and the external collaboration quality and overall project success. Further, we evaluate structural, cultural, and task-related contingencies. Our results suggest that design thinking as a collaborative and empathic problem-solving approach strengthens external collaboration quality enhancing overall project success. Team continuity positively moderates this relationship. This study contributes to the existing literature in design thinking and open innovation by proposing the design thinking methodology as a valuable approach in inter-organisational relationships.
INNOVATION MANAGEMENT RESPONSES TO REGULATION—SUP-DIRECTIVE AND REPLACING PLASTIC
Authors: HURMELINNA-LAUKKANEN PIA , PAUKKU EELIS , TASKILA SANNA
Published: October 2021

Changes in regulation trigger changes in the innovation environments. They may block specific development trajectories, but they may simultaneously inspire and stimulate completely new openings. In this study, we look into regulation that aims to address environmental problems and facilitate creation and diffusion of sustainable technologies and processes as we examine the responses of innovators to the regulation on plastic use and production—specifically, the so-called SUP-directive. A multiple-case study comprising six companies suggests that companies manage (with) the regulation-induced innovation and needs for change by adopting three distinctive strategies: (1) proactive change orientation, (2) reactive opportunity capturing, or (3) reactive survival mode. Acknowledging that sustainability-oriented regulation may push companies with environmentally friendly innovation activities and solutions towards reactive survival mode highlights the need for managerial agility in adjusting the solutions and the ability to adopt parallel innovation strategies. Observing the strategies adopted by innovators also is informative when evaluating whether the regulation meets its profound goals and intended effects.
FROM DESCRIPTION TO ACTION: ACTOR-NETWORK THEORY AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT
Authors: SIEKLICKI SAMANTHA , TANEV STOYAN
Published: October 2021

Actor-network theory (ANT) represents a research paradigm applicable to innovation management (IM) research. Its unique ontology of second-degree objectivity through symmetry can be combined with many research contexts, methods, and concepts. This paper summarises the insights from a literature review of 299 Web of Science articles on both ANT and IM. The meta-features of all articles are analysed to identify 25 articles for in-depth analysis. Three ANT literature streams are identified: descriptive, managerial proactive, and participatory proactive. These three streams are found to differ in terms of their specific methods, concepts, and research contexts. An additional subset of the 10 most cited articles is used to validate the findings. We suggest that IM researchers should select a specific ANT approach based on the context and the theorised hypothesis of their research. Knowledge of the options within ANT and how they can be applied to different IM contexts can help IM researchers in maximising research outcomes.