bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Micro-geographic variation of inversions in natural populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura
Authors: Salceda Víctor , Espinoza-Velazquez José
Published: July 2008

Chromosomal polymorphism for the third chromosome in Drosophila pseudoobscura has been widely studied for genetic variation in different environments or locations far apart. However, there is less information regarding sites geographically near one another. Targeting on possible micro-geographic variation in the species, a serial study was done on 12 Mexican populations grouped in four regions, including locations in Durango (DU), the border area of Guanajuato-San Luis Potosi states (GP), Chiapas (CH) and Saldilo (SA). Flies were trapped in their natural habitats using fermenting bananas as bait. They were individually cultivated in the laboratory for larvae production. In a given population sample several flies were cultivated together but only one larva per culture provided salivary tissue to observe polytene chromosomes. Gene arrangements or inversions were identified and frequencies were calculated. A total of 767 third chromosomes were studied and 11 different inversions detected. The type and relative frequencies of the arrangements varied among regions. From the 11 inversions observed, 10 were found in Durango, five in Guanajuato-San Luis Potosi and Chiapas, and eight in Saltillo. The inversion frequencies in the Durango locations varied in four cases, but only one in Chiapas, three cases in Guanajuato-San Luis Potosi, and five in Saltillo. It was also observed that there were geographical gradients for inversions within regions as follows: four arrangements in Saltillo and Durango, three in Guanajuato-San Luis Potos? and one in Chiapas. Moreover, all four regions studied showed evidences for micro-geographical variation. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to elucidate the relevance of the inversion frequencies changes in neighboring populations and also any seasonal-annual frequencies observed in the locations studied here.
Genotype variations in grain yield of spring barley depending on sowing density
Authors: Paunovic Aleksandar , Knezevic Desimir , Madic Milomirka
Published: July 2008

A three-year study was carried out for grain yield in five cultivars of the spring brewer's barley at the Small Grains Research Center of in Kragujevac from 1996 to 1998. The effect of three sowing densities on the number of spikes, grain number per spike and grain yield was studied for each cultivars. Research results have shown that the cultivars displayed a highly significant effect on the grain number per spike and grain yield. It has also been noticed that, in the course of every research year, sowing density induced increases in spike number and grain yield. In contrast, the higher sowing density brought about a decrease in the grain number per spike.
Changes in karyotype in domestic animals discovered on the farms in Vojvodina and their influence on reproduction
Authors: Kosarcic Slavica , Kovacevic Mira , Jovicin Milovan , Balos-Zivkov Milica , Kosarcic Dusan
Published: July 2008

New directions in animal husbandry demand raising of animal kinds that are adjusted to intensive way of breeding. In order to accomplish these demands, beside known methods in selection, Cytogenetic control of existing genotypes is needed that has been carried through ten year examination on pig, cattle and stud farms in Vojvodina. Chromosome aberration of numeric polyploidy and aneuploidy but also structural translocation, deletion, duplication, inversion, ring, break and other segregations were discovered. Numeric and structural changes on animal karyotype influenced on reproduction disturbance, phenotype expression, as well as selection program and stability of genofond. Different aspects of reproductive disturbance were noted like for example: small litter, embryo mortality, frequent repeated breeding, abortion, stillbirth and mummified embryo, offspring with anomalities, different kinds of sterility, Analyses of the results obtained from monitoring the herd book and making genealogy show on existence of chromosomepathy on our farms. The aim of this work is to inform scientists and experts with the fact that these changes are spreading, especially through among the breeding animals. Therefore genetic control and timely exclusion of chromosome aberration is necessary.
In vitro screening for low temperature tolerance of wheat genotypes
Authors: Kondic-Sipka Ankica , Hristov Nikola , Kobiljski Borislav
Published: July 2008

Low temperature (LT) tolerance of 12 wheat (T. aestivum L.) genotypes was investigated in an in vitro zygotic embryo culture. Isolated embryos were grown on a modified MS medium for two months. Calluses were prepared by gradual decrease of temperatures (17?C-7 days, 5?C-7 days, -5?C-l day, -10?C-1 day) and then exposed to LT treatments (-15?C, 24 h and 48 h). After LT treatments, calluses were acclimated by gradual increase of temperatures and grown for another month. Based on the differences in callus fresh weight between the control group and calluses exposed to the LT treatments, levels of LT tolerance of wheat genotypes were determined. The results have shown that out of the 12 wheat cultivars, 6 had a high level of LT tolerance, 5 had a medium and only one spring cultivar (Venera) had a low level of LT tolerance. These results were compared with the results of the standard in situ test in a cold chamber. Only partial disagreement of results was determined in two cultivars with the medium level of LT tolerance (NSR-2 and Balkan). It can be concluded that the in vitro test can be successfully used for the separation of genotypes with high and low levels of LT tolerance, but for more precise separation within the medium level of LT tolerance, the test should be improved.
Characterization of F1 interspecific hybrids between wild Helianthus annuus L. populations and cultivated sunflower
Authors: Terzic Sreten , Atlagic Jovanka , Pankovic Dejana
Published: July 2008

Phenotype, chromosomes pairing and pollen vitality were compared between parental populations and F1 hybrids of interspecific cross between Helianthus annuus L. and cultivated sunflower. The investigation of the simple sequence repeats (SSR) polymorphism was also used to test the hybrid nature of F1 populations. The phenotypic traits of F1 hybrid plants were either closer to the wild species or intermediate. Irregular chromosome pairing was found in only 0 to 10% of meiocytes in the meiosis of F1 hybrid plants. Interspecific crosses were confirmed with SSR markers in all hybrid combinations. Alleles that were not present in parental DNA were frequently observed in F1 hybrids. That is additional evidence that those hybrid combinations were not produced by self-fertilization. The results suggest that SSR markers can be efficiently used for the F1 hybrid characterization in crosses between closely related species, in which, the changes of phenotype, meiosis and pollen vitality are not always significant.
Variability and inheritance of the tillering in barley hybrids
Authors: Mandic Milomirka , Knezevic Desimir , Paunovic Aleksandar , Bokan Nikola
Published: July 2008

Productive tillering is a very important trait which influences the degree of barley lodging resistance. Five dive-gent genotypes of two-rowed winter barley (Vada, Djerdap, NS-293, Jagodinac and Sladoran) have been selected for diallel crossing in order to study the mode of inheritance, the gene effect and the components genetic variance for the productive tillering in F1 and F2 generation. The test of the significance of the generations' mean values related to the parental average was used for inheritance mode determinations (KRALJEVIC-BALALIC et al., 1991) and the genetic variance components and regression VrWr analysis from diallel crossings were made using the method of MATHER and JINKS (1971). The variability of the investigated trait differed. The cross combination Djerdap x Jagodinac had the highest coefficient of variance (39.78%). Different modes of inheritance (partial dominance, dominance and over dominance) and partial dominance were found in the F1 and F2 generation, respectively. The genetic variance components, average degree of dominance and regression line indicated partial dominance in the inheritance of tillering. The range of the obtained values of heritability for the tillering was found to be very wide (0.02-0.47). The cross combinations Djerdap x Jagodinac and Vada x Djerdap were selected for future breeding.
Clonal fidelity of chrysanthemum regenerated from long term cultures
Authors: Jevremovic Sladjana , Trifunovic Milana , Nikolic Marija , Subotic Angelina , Radojevic Ljiljana
Published: July 2008

Morphological characteristics of flowers of long term regenerated chrysanthemum, cv. "White Spider", after ten years of micropropagation are investigated. Shoot cultures are established and maintained more than ten years by stem segment culture on MS medium supplemented with BAP and NAA (1.0, 0.1 mgL-1, respectively). Rooting of shoots (100 %) has done on MS medium without hormones and it was very successful after ten years, as well as, after two or eight years of micropropagation. Acclimation of rooted chrysanthemum plantlets at greenhouse conditions was excellent and after appropriate photoperiod "in vitro" plants flowered 90.3 % and have the same flower color, shape and size as mother plants. Flower color changes of "in vitro" plants are observed during another flowering cycle one year after acclimatization. Observed variations of chrysanthemum flowers could be attributed to epigenetic factors.
Correlations among alfalfa yield components
Authors: Ilic Olivera , Djukic Dragan
Published: July 2008

Presented in this paper are the results of our study of correlations among yield components in ten alfalfa genotypes under open pollination (polycross) conditions. The study was conducted between 2000 and 2002 at the Rimski Sancevi Experiment Field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. Highly significant correlations were found between pod number per inflorescence and seed number per inflorescence (r= 0.645) as well as between seed number per pod and seed number per inflorescence (r= 0.685). Similarly, the correlation between inflorescence number per stem and seed yield was significant and positive (r= 0.589). Negative correlations existed between ovule number per ovary on the one hand and seed yield and inflorescence number per stem on the other (r= -0.617 and r= -0.598, respectively). The highest seed yield was achieved with the cultivar Europe (651.4 kg ha-1) and the lowest with the genotype Le-6 (426.25 kg ha-1). The difference was highly significant (CV= 14,93%).
Application of molecular markers in sunflower breeding
Authors: Saftic-Pankovic Dejana
Published: July 2008

The results of the application of molecular markers in sunflower breeding obtained in the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in the last decade are reviewed. Our results on genetic distance (GD=7-75%) between sunflower inbred lines obtained with RAPD and SSR markers, indicate large variability and provide important information for the selection of parental lines for future crosses. Interspecific hybridization is often used in sunflower breeding. As only some populations of H. giganteus and H. maximiliani are resistant to sunflower diseases, the investigation of genetic variability in/between two species is of interest. The results obtained with SSR markers are presented. The successful hybridization between H. rigidus and H. annuus was confirmed with RAPD markers, and the variability between F1 and BC1F1 plants is discussed. Desirable alleles and haplotypes can be detected with molecular markers both in early phases of plant development and in early phases of the production of improved lines, which reduces or completely eliminates the large number of testing cycles for desirable phenotypes. CAPS markers for resistance to downy mildew, that can be used in marker assisted selection are presented. .
Identification of Glu-B1 alleles in bread wheat cultivars using PCR
Authors: Obreht Dragana , Kobiljski Borislav , Djan Mihajla , Vapa Ljiljana
Published: July 2008

High dough strength is used as a predictor of good quality bread wheat and it has been attributed largely to the type of allele present at the Glu-D1 locus, where the Glu-D1d allele is most favorable. Recently, it has been observed that cultivars with over expressed subunit Bx7OE at the Glu-B1 have enhanced dough strength. In order to implement recently developed PCR assay for Glu-B1 x-type allele discrimination in marker-assisted selection, a set of wheat cultivars from 11 countries was analyzed. The PCR results matched the known Glu-B1 HMW GS genotypes of the cultivars possessing subunits Bx7 or Bx17. It was shown that this molecular marker also differentiated some other Glu-B1 alleles: Bx6, Bx13, Bx20 and Bx22. These results create the opportunity for an improved method of polymorphism scoring at the Glu-B1 in bread wheat germplasm. .
Combining abilities of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties
Authors: Marjanovic-Jeromela Ana , Marinkovic Radovan , Miladinovic Dragana
Published: July 2008

The global acreage under rapeseed increases steadily. Rapeseed is grown for oil for human consumption, feed and biodiesel production. For faster advances in breeding, it is necessary to know variability and combining ability of selection material i.e. modes of inheritance of certain traits. General (GCA) and specific combining abilities (SCA) of five rapeseed varieties as well as the mode of inheritance of plant height, height to the first lateral branch, number of lateral branches and seed yield per plant were analyzed in this paper. Positive heterosis for plant height was found in five cross combinations, for the height to the first lateral branch in two combinations and for the number of lateral branches in only one combination and for seed yield in three cross combinations. .
Variability and heritability coefficient of average dry matter content in onion (Allium cepa L.) bulbs
Authors: Pavlovic Nenad , Cvikic Dejan , Zdravkovic Milan , Djordjevic Radisa , Prodanovic Slaven
Published: July 2008

In order to research the variability of average dry matter content in onion bulbs, the trial has been set up on the experimental plot in the Centre for Vegetable Crops in Smederevska Palanka during 2000. and 2001. The trial has been performed by applying the method of random block design with five replicas. Ten cultivars of different geographical origin have been used. Examined characteristics were determined by applying the variance analysis of two-factorial trial - model 2. Hadzivukovic, 1991. The components of phenotype variance, genotype and phenotype coefficient of variance and heritability in broader sense have been calculated according to SINGH and CHAUDHARY (1976). The significant variability has been found for dry matter content in bulbs during both years of research. The researched trait had a greater genotype variance than out door conditions factor variance and the coefficient of phenotype variation greater than genetic variance coefficient. High percentage of genetic variability in total phenotype variability has been confirmed by high heritability. .
Organogenesis in vitro from the leaf of blackberry cv Cacanska bestrna
Authors: Lazic Tatjana , Ruzic Djurdjina
Published: July 2008

The paper presents evaluation of different types and concentrations of plant growth regulators on induction of adventitious organogenesis from the leaf of blackberry cultivar Cacanska Bestrna. This genotype was introduced and maintained in tissue culture on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) (1962), mineral salts and organic complex with in mg l-1: BAP 1.0, IBA 0.1, GA3 0.1. Young, expanded leaves taken from upper third of in vitro proliferating shoots were used as initial explants. The leaves were cut three times across the midrib and placed with adaxial side touching the regeneration medium. In this experiment 20 types of regeneration media have been evaluated with different types and concentrations of cytokinins and auxins: BAP (2.0 mg l-1) or TDZ (1.0 mg l-1) alone, or each in combination with different concentrations of IBA, NAA and 2,4-D (0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 mg l-1). In cv Cacanska Bestrna regeneration of adventitious shoots was observed on three different types of media with BAP combined with IBA (0.1 and 1.0 mg l-1) and NAA (0.1 mg l-1). TDZ alone or in combination with IBA (0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 mg l-1) and NAA (0.1 mg l-1) has been more effective at induction of regeneration than BAP. The highest percentage of regeneration was obtained precisely on medium supplemented with TDZ alone (41.66%). .
Allele polymorphism of Nad1 gene of the Serbian spruce mitochondrial genome
Authors: Milovanovic Jelena , Isajev Vasilije , Krajmerová Diana , Paule Ladislav
Published: July 2008

Serbian spruce (Picea omorika /Panc./Purkyne), as the Balkan Peninsula endemic and the Tertiary relic, is a species whose survival is threatened by the constant restriction of its range caused by the global changes of environmental conditions and the adverse human impacts. The Serbian spruce seedling seed orchard at Godovik represents the base for the improvement of the production of the selected seeds of this species, which can be used as the initial material for the extension of its range. The allele polymorphism of the mitochondrial nad1 gene was analyzed in five different Serbian spruce phenogroups of which the orchard is established. The obtained results are a contribution to a closer study of the causes of the postglacial intraspecific differentiation of Serbian spruce and the creation of the above phenogroups. The study results are significant for further breeding of this species based on the better knowledge of the genetic structure of the species, its directed utilisation and the widening of its range. .
Comparative analysis of antimicrobial and proteolytic activity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Zlatar cheese
Authors: Topisirovic Ljubisa , Veljovic Katarina , Terzic-Vidojevic Amarela , Strahinic Ivana , Kojic Milan
Published: July 2008

Traditional artisan Zlatar cheese belongs to the group of white, semi hard home-made cheeses, which are produced from no pasteurized cow's milk, without addition of any known bacterial starter culture. In total, 253 Gram-positive and catalase negative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated. Results showed that 70 out of 253 analyzed isolates produced antimicrobial compounds known as bacteriocins. Most isolates from genera Lactococcus and Enterococcus, and isolates belonging to species Lactobacillus plantarum and Lb. brevis, do not synthesize extracellular proteinase. In contrast, isolates from subspecies Lb. paracasei subsp. paracasei showed very good proteolytic activity. It was observed that good proteolytic activity of isolates was not in correlation with their good antimicrobial activity in the most of isolates.
Molecular genetics: Step by step implementation in maize breeding
Authors: Konstantinov Kosana , Mladenovic-Drinic Snezana
Published: July 2008

Efficiency in plant breeding is determined primarily by the ability to screen for genetic polymorphism, productivity and yield stability early in program. Dependent on the knowledge about the biochemical bases of the trait and nature of its genetic control, trait could be modified either through mutagenesis of genes controlling it or through the transfer of already existing mutant genes, controlling desired trait to different plant genotypes by classic crossing. Objective of this report is to present partly results on the investigation of the possibilities to apply ionizing radiations (fast neutrons, ? -rays) and chemical mutagens (EI, iPMS, EMS, ENU) to get maize and wheat mutants with increased amount and improved protein quality. Besides this approach in mutation breeding, results on the very early investigation of biochemical background of opaque -2 mutation including use of coupled cell - free RNA and protein synthesis containing components from both wild and opaque - 2 maize genotypes (chromatin, RNA polymerase, microsomall fraction, protein bodies) will be presented. Partial results on opaque - 2 gene incorporation in different genetic background are reviewed. Part of report is dealing with different classes of molecular markers (proteins, RFLP, AFLP, RAPD, and SSR) application in maize genome polymorphism investigation. Besides application of different molecular markers classes in the investigation of heterosis phenomena they are useful in biochemical pathway of important traits control determination as well. .
Breeding of maize types with specific traits at the Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje
Authors: Pajic Zorica
Published: July 2008

Maize is primarily grown as an energy crop, but the use of different specific versions, such as high-oil maize, high-lysine maize, waxy maize, white-seeded maize, popping maize and sweet maize, is quite extensive. Speciality maize, due to its traits and genetic control of these traits, requires a particular attention in handling breeding material during the processes of breeding. It is especially related to prevention of uncontrolled pollination. In order to provide successful selection for a certain trait, the following specific procedures in evaluation of the trait are necessary: the estimation of a popping volume and flake quality in popping maize; the determination of sugars and harvest maturity in sweet maize; the determination of oil in selected samples of high-oil maize types, and so forth. Breeding programmes for speciality maize, except high-amylose maize, have been implemented at the Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, Belgrade, for the last 45 years. A great number of high-yielding sweet maize hybrids, popping maize, high-oil and high-lysine, flint and white-seeded maize hybrids were developed during this 45-year period. Auspicious selection and breeding for these traits is facilitated by the abundant genetic variability and technical and technological possibilities necessary for successful selection.
Divergence of myrobalan (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.) types on the territory of Serbia
Authors: Nikolic Dragan , Rakonjac Vera
Published: July 2008

Variability of some more prominent pomological characteristics was examined in three regions of Serbia (central, western, southern). In all the regions, significant variability of all studied characteristics was established. However, no specifics were manifested between regions, therefore, identical types emerge in all the regions. This is indicated by similar intervals of variation as well as similar mean values of characteristics per region. The obtained results lead to the conclusion that the entire territory of Serbia should be observed as a unique myrobalan population with highly expressed polymorphism of characteristics. To preserve genetic variability of myrobalan, collection is recommended for those types that were arranged into various groups and subgroups according to the results of cluster analysis.
Inversion polymorphism in some natural populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura from central Mexico
Authors: Salceda Víctor , Guzmán Judith , Olvera Olga
Published: July 2008

Samples of D. pseudoobscura were taken in seventeen localities in Central Mexico inside the parallels 18o - 20o N, with the purpose of determine the chromosomal polymorphism in the third of the different populations of this species. From each captured female a single larva of its offspring was taken, its salivary glands extracted and stained with a solution of aceto orcein to observe the polytene chromosomes. From these smears the corresponding karyotype of each larva was determined, keeping a record of them. With the information gathered the relative frequency of each one of the fourteen different inversions found was calculated. A grand total of 1894 third chromosomes were analyzed. The fourteen different inversions found are equivalent to a 34.1 % of the total chromosomal variation of the species. The most abundant inversions found were: TL 50.6 %, CU 27.2 5, SC 9.1 % and EP 5.5 %; the remaining ten inversions detected are in general grounds rare ones with variable relative frequencies depending on the locality. Analysis of the predominant inversions for each population was done. The presence of West-East gradients is reported, even if in cases not so well defined, since as one moves in a particular direction the ups and downs in relative frequency for the alternating pairs TL-CU; TL-SC in the western populations and TL-CU in the eastern ones were observed. The assignment of each population to a particular race was also done, and such a way we were able to recognize three different races coexisting in the area of study.
The importance of diazotrophs as biofertilisers in the maize and soybean production
Authors: Cvijanovic Gorica , Milosevic Nada , Jarak Mirjana
Published: July 2008

The contemporary food production requires the preservation of soil productivity with the simultaneous maintenance of the yield level accomplished with the appropriate fertilizing. The maize and soybean production is unimaginable without fertilizers and the application of information within the filed of nitrogen fixation. The application of fertilizers has been increasing. Diazotrophs are microorganisms with the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen and to convert it in forms available to plants. Therefore, effects of different rates of mineral nitrogen (80, 120 and 160 kg N ha-1 in maize and half of the mentioned rates in soybean), as well as, maize seed bacterisation with the associative species (Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum lipoferum, Klebsiella planticola, Beijerinckia derxi) and soybean with the symbiotic species (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) and their mixture on soil biogeny and yield quality and quantity were studied. The studied parameters in maize had higher values under conditions of bacterisation and fertilization with 80 kg N ha-1, while the mixture of diazotrophs and fertilization with 40 kg N ha-1 resulted in higher values of studied parameters in soybean. It is possible to produce organic/healthy food with the maintenance of soil biogeny if diazotrophs are incorporated into the soil with lower rates of mineral nitrogen. This possibility is a basic prerequisite for sustainable agriculture.
High production of wheat double haploids via anther culture
Authors: Kondic-Sipka Ankica , Kobiljski Boris , Hristov Nikola
Published: July 2008

Androgenous and regeneration abilities of 14 randomly selected F1 hybrids of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were analyzed. Anthers were grown in vitro on a modified Potato-2 inductive medium. The hybrid NS111-95/Ana had the highest average values for androgenous capacity (33%) and callus yield (119%), while the hybrid NS 92-250/Tiha had the lowest values for these traits (9 and 21%, respectively). Seven genotypes (50%) had a frequency of green plants relative to the number of isolated anthers of over 10%, with the highest frequency of 21.3% (NS111-95/Sremica). This hybrid produced 12.8 doubled haploid (DH) lines per spike used for isolation. In the other genotypes, the number of produced DH lines per spike ranged from 1 (30?Sc.Smoc.88-89/Hays-2) to 11.2 (NS111-95/Ana). As half of the randomly selected genotypes exhibited high green plant regeneration ability and a high production of DH lines per spike, it can be concluded that in vitro anther culture can be successfully used in breeding programs for rapid production of homozygous wheat lines.
Variability of vineyard peach tree characteristics
Authors: Zec Gordan , Colic Slavica , Marinkovic Dejan , Nikolic Dragan
Published: July 2008

Vineyard peach seedlings are the most important rootstock for peach in Serbia and abroad. High variability is a characteristic of the vineyard peach planting material that is used as rootstock in nursery production. Through work of many years, vineyard peach genotypes with qualitative traits were selected and collected. Seedlings that are progeny of the nine selected genotypes and resulted from self and open pollination were examined. The vineyard peach seedlings resulted from uncontrolled pollination and with different geographical origin served as reference. A goal of research was to get vineyard peach genotypes that would give more uniform generative progeny with qualitative traits. This paper presents the results of two-year research of morphological traits of more than 500 vineyard seedlings. Based on the results, positive genotypes were selected for further inbreeding. Further, the seedlings of the selection 6 have the lowest coefficients of variation for trunk thickness, tree height and number of branches, which points to the self-pollination as a good method for getting more uniform progeny. .
The main seed storage proteins among high-protein soybean genotypes
Authors: Taski-Ajdukovic Ksenija , Djordjevic Vuk , Vidic Milos , Vujakovic Milka , Milosevic Mirjana , Miladinovic Jegor
Published: July 2008

It is known that the main components of the seed storage proteins contribute to the quality of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] food products. The objective of this study was to investigate content of the two of them [glycinin (11S) and ?-conglycinin (7S) fractions] and their respective subunits on the new high-protein soybean genotypes from the Institute for Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia. Subunits were resolved by SDS-PAGE and gels were analyzed by scanning densitometry. Out of 20 analyzed genotypes, the ?' and ? subunits of ?- conglycinin were significantly higher in all of the genotypes except KO531 and KO5431. The ? subunit of ?-conglycinin was significantly higher in genotypes KO535 KO5437, KO534, KO537, KO539, KO5439, KO532, KO5435, KO538, KO5438 and KO533. The acetic polypeptides of glycinin were significantly higher in genotypes KO5439, KO5437, KO5436, KO5438, KO5432, KO5435, KO5433 and KO5434. The basic polypeptides of glycinin were not significantly higher only in genotypes KO539, KO536, KO538, KO535 and KO533. In conclusion, it appears that among the new high-protein genotypes there are genotypes with different amount of subunits that should be bread in the future for a desired level of the protein components. .
Breeding and genetic properties of the maize variety Uzbekska bela
Authors: Kojic Lazar , Ajgozina Dillyara
Published: July 2008

The Uzbekska bela (Uz.b.) maize variety was crossed to nine inbred lines and genetic difference between this variety and observed maize inbreeds lines was determined. The Uz.b. variety is a heterotic pair interesting for deriving maize hybrids with inbreds of BSSS and Lancaster origin, as well as, with some Yugoslav maize populations (Konjski zub, Domaci tvrdunac). The inbred lines originating from Zambia showed somewhat lower yielding and heterosis percentage in relation to other observed inbred lines in hybrid combinations with the variety Uz.b. .
Divergence in the dry bean collection by Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
Authors: Vasic Mirjana , Gvozdanovic-Varga Jelica , Cervenski Janko
Published: July 2008

We studied the divergence of our beans collection. The study included two qualitative traits, grain color and shape, and 13 quantitative traits, namely three components of plant height, five direct yield components and five chemical properties of grain. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed which of the traits were decisive in genotype differentiation. The principal components were formed based on the correlation matrix and shown through unrotated and rotated values of trait correlation with the main axes. The percentage contribution of particular principal components to total variability was shown, as was the accumulation of variability. The variability of the collection was interpreted based on the seven principal components, the first one describing genotype productivity, the second grain shape, the third grain size, the fourth genotype harvestability and the last three describing the chemical composition of grain. .
Tolerance of wheat seedlings to excess boron
Authors: Brdar Milka , Maksimovic Ivana , Kobiljski Borislav , Zeremski-Skoric Tijana , Kraljevic-Balalic Marija
Published: July 2008

Present in excessive amounts, micronutrient boron may become toxic for plants. The aim of this study was to investigate boron tolerance in seedlings of 12 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes treated with boric acid. Selection criterion was root growth suppression in the presence of boron, which varied between 15.2 (Apache) and 46.3% (Renan). Root lengths on control and root growth suppression on treatments were not correlated. Boron content and dry weight of seedlings varied in vast intervals in all groups on control, as well as on treatments, which is probably caused by different boron tolerance mechanisms. Root growth suppression in genotypes Apache, Trakija and Bezostaja 1 was less than 20% and they may be considered as boron tolerant. Renan, Fundulea 4, Magdalena, Pergamino Gaboto and Donjecka 48 are marked as boron sensitive owing to more than 30% shorter roots on boron treatments. Norin 10/Brevor 14, Radika, Zitarka and Mironovska 808 were medium tolerant to excess boron. .
S1 families as a source of beneficial alleles for breeding drought tolerant maize genotypes
Authors: Markovic Ksenija , Nikolic Ana , Ignjatovic-Micic Dragana , Andjelkovic Violeta , Lazic-Jancic Vesna
Published: July 2008

As water resources for agronomic use become more limiting development of drought tolerant genotypes become increasingly more important. In maize, under drought stress conditions, an increase in the length of anthesis- silking interval and a decrease of grain yield is observed. Different strategies have been proposed to overcome negative effects of drought on maize. Breeders at Maize Research Institute (MRI) have created and used adapted drought tolerant population - DTP-A (DTP79xDTP12xDwarf), that was shown to be a good source of drought tolerance for locally adapted germplasm. In this research s1 families from DTP-A x B84 were scored for anthesis-silking interval and genotyped with SSR markers using BSA approach, with the aim to create a new gene pool for breeding drought tolerant hybrids. SSR analysis was performed in order to identify putative genomic segments and allele pattern differences responsible for expression of ASI, thus providing an insight into the genetic structure of s1 families. Four SSR loci, different in allelic structure between short and long ASI families, were identified. The main characteristic of these differences was the presence or absence of DTP79/DTP12 alleles. It seems that combination of several different genes and alleles influence ASI expression, with DTP79 alleles being beneficial and DTP12 alleles detrimental. Two chromosome regions identified in this work were congruent with qASI regions reported in Maize Genetics and Genomics Database. Clustering revealed that all sASI families grouped with DTP79, but one of the long ASI grouped with these genotypes too. This could indicate that, although total participation of DTP79 genome was similar in all the analyzed families, only a small portion of its genome influence anthesis-silking interval. .
Extraction of resinoids from St. John's wort (Hypericumperforatum L): II. Modeling of extraction kinetics
Authors: Veljkovic Vlada , Milenovic Dragan
Published: July 2008

The extraction of resinoids from St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L) was studied in a series of two papers. While the first part dealt with the effects of the operating conditions on the yield of resinoids (total extract) and process optimization, the mathematical models of extraction kinetics were analyzed in the second one. The extraction was carried out using an aqueous solution of ethanol (70 and 95 % v/v) at the hydromodulus (plant material to solvent ratio, w/v) of 1:5 or 1:10. The plant material was disintegrated and divided into three fractions (particle mean size 0.23, 0.57 and 1.05 mm). The temperature was 25, 50 or about 80?C (boiling temperature). Three models were applied for modeling the extraction kinetics: a model based on the film theory, a model based on unsteady state diffusion through solid material and the empirical Ponomarev equation. Because of its physical basis, the relative simplicity and good fitting of the experimental data, the model based on the film theory could be proposed for mathematical modeling of solid-liquid etraction processes.
Validation of chromatographic analysis
Authors: Onjia Antonije , Vasiljevic Tatjana , Cokesa Djuro , Lausevic Mila
Published: July 2008

The parameters for the development of a chromatographic (HPLC) method and its validation are discused in the paper. Chromatographic analysis involves a multi-step procedure consisting of sample collection, pretreatment instrumental measurements and data processing. Emphasize was placed on the instrumental part of the analysis presuming that the contributions of the other variables were minor. The roles of precision, accuracy, detection limit, quantification limit, specificity, selectivity, range, linearity and robustness, as well as system suitability in the analytical application of chromatography were described. Recommendations for the validation of these parameters according to ICH and FDA guidelines are given. The criteria of validation described above can be almost completely applied to other instrumental chromatographic techniques such as GC, GC-MS, HPTLC, etc.
HACCP and quality system in the food processing industry
Authors: Turubatovic Lazar , Vranic Vojin , Baras Josip
Published: July 2008

HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) is an indispensable contemporary system of process control in the food processing industry. In its original meaning this control procedure includes hazard analysis and identification of the points in the production process where the product contamination is reasonably likely to occur resulting in an unsafe product. At the critical points the control of the production process should be severer in order to eliminate or reduce the product safety risks. The aim of implementing a quality management system being quality management, according to the standards of the ISO 9000 series, the formulation of a product that meets "the requirements stated or implied", where the implied requirements refer to the prescribed quality requirements, which, in the food industry above all, comprises safety, it is necessary to build HACCP into the quality system. The application of HACCP principles when introducing a quality system should be extended to those parts of the production process in which the required quality of the product may be at risk.
Supercritical fluid extraction: Application in the food industry
Authors: Skala Dejan , Zizovic Irena , Gavrancic Sladjana
Published: July 2008

Supercritical fluid extraction is an extraction process realized with supercritical fluids, which are at a temperature and pressure above their critical temperature and critical pressure. This process has shown to be very efficient one for the isolation of different substances of medium molecular weights and molecules of relatively low polarity. The solubility of more polar substances in supercritical fluids can be improved by the addition of small amounts of other polar solvents (cosolvent) to the supercritical fluids, which is the main solvent in extraction process. The advantage of supercritical extraction compared to other extraction procedures (the application of classical organic solvents hydrodistillation, distillation with steam) is that SFE is usually performed at moderate temperature (e.g. with SF CO2 at 40-70?C) so it can be applied for the separation of different substances which are thermally unstable and have a larger vapour pressure. All of these facts indicate that SFE is of special interest for the food and pharmaceutical industry.
Ecological problems in the food industry
Authors: Bozovic Milan
Published: July 2008

In regard to the development of agricultural and food technologies Yugoslavia up till now has not had a developed strategy of "development of the environment" - an ecological strategy, nor has it in that respect had clearly defined political scientifically-based strategies. Current efforts to define developmental concepts are almost completely neglected, foremost in the "promotion of new ecologically justified technologies" and the formation of national programs of sustainable development. World trends in this area are already directed to the production and promotion of so-called "healthy food" which, designated in several ways, is becoming more and more present on the tables of developed countries. Yugoslavia, beside its current economic difficulties, has great potential and a elastic chance to follow world trends and completely satisfy the EU standards EVRO-EMA and world ecological standards ISO 14 000 by the quality implementation of well planned ecologically and economically rational programs. n order to undertake appropriate measures for "sustainable development", it s previously necessary to assess the problem and objectively establish the status.
Thermally prepared Ti/RhOx electrodes: II H2 evolution in acid solution
Authors: Campari Mario , Tavares Ana , Trasatti Sergio
Published: July 2008

Ti/RhOx electrodes were prepared at 400-600?C by thermal decomposition of Rh chloride. Oxide layers were studied by SEM, cyclic voltammetry and steady-state E-j curves In 0.5 mol dm-3 H2SO4 solution. Voltammetric charge exhibits a maximum at 430?C with fresh electrodes which shifts to 470?C after use for H2 evolution. H2 discharge first produces a decrease in voltammetric charge, then an activation with final settlement to a constant behaviour for "aged" electrodes. H2 evolution on stable RhOx surfaces takes place with 40 mV Tafel slope and a reaction order of 2.5. The fractional reaction order indicates that the surface response to pH is that typical of oxides even for "aged" electrodes. A reaction mechanism is proposed.
Hydrogen as a spark ignition engine fuel
Authors: Karim Ghazi
Published: July 2008

Review is made of the positive features and the current limitations associated with the use of hydrogen as a spark ignition engine fuel. It is shown that hydrogen has excellent prospects to achieve very satisfactory performance in engine applications that may be superior in many aspects to those with conventional fuels. A number of design and operational changes needed to effect the full potential of hydrogen as an engine fuel is outlined. The question whether hydrogen can be manufactured abundantly and economically will remain the limiting factor to its widespread use as an S.I. engine fuel in the future.
Protonic conductors for proton exchange membrane fuel cells: An overview
Authors: Jurado Ramon , Colomer Maria
Published: July 2008

At present, Nation, which is a perfluorinated polymer, is one of the few materials that deliver the set of chemical and mechanical properties required to perform as a good electrolyte in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, Nation presents some disadvantages, such as limiting the operational temperature of the fuel system (So?C), because of its inability to retain water at higher temperatures and also suffers chemical crossover. In addition to these restrictions, Nation membranes are very expensive. Reducing costs and using environmentally friendly materials are good reasons to make a research effort in this field in order to achieve similar or even better fuel-cell performances. Glass materials of the ternary system SiO2-ZrO2-P2O5, hybrid materials based on Nation, and nanopore ceramic membranes based on SiO2 TiO2, Al2O3, etc. are considered at present, as promising candidates to replace Nation as the electrolyte in PEMFCs. These types of materials are generally prepared by sol-gel processes in order to tailor their channel-porous structure and pore size. In this communication, the possible candidates in the near future as electrolytes (including other polymers different than Nation) in PEMFCs are briefly reviewed. Their preparation methods, their electrical transport properties and conduction mechanisms are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of these materials with respect to Nation are also discussed.
Application of supercritical and subcritical fluids for the extraction of hazardous materials from soil
Authors: Skorupan Dara , Skala Dejan
Published: July 2008

Subcritical and supercritical extractions are novel, non destructive techniques which can be applied for the removal of hazardous compounds from contaminated soil without any changes of the soil composition and structure. The aim of the presented review paper is to give information on up-to day results of this method commonly applied by several institutions worldwide. Interest in the application of SC CO2 has been more expressed in the last two decades, which may be related to its favorable characteristics (non-toxic, non-flammable, increase diffusion into small pores, low viscosity under SC conditions, low price and others). However, interest in wet oxidation (WO) and especially in SCWO (the application of water under supercritical conditions with air) has also increased in the last few years. Interest in H2O as a SC fluid, as well as in extraction with water under subcritical conditions may also be related to specific characteristics and the enhanced rate of extraction. Moreover, the solubility of some specific compounds present in soil can be easily changed by adjusting the pressure and temperature of extraction. The high price of the units designed to operate safely at a pressure and temperature much higher than the a critical one of the applied fluids is the main reason why, at present, there is no more broader application of such techniques for the removal hazardous materials from contaminated soil. In the present paper, among many literature citations and their overall review, some specific details related to the development of specific analytical methods under SC conditions are also considered.
Kinetics of crystallite size evolution by ball milling
Authors: Zdujic Miodrag
Published: July 2008

One of the distinguishing features of mechanochemical treatment is crystallite size reduction. The crystallite size of the powder subjected to milling decreases to some minimal value characteristic for the given material. Two processes occur concurrently during milling: reduction of the crystallite size and grain growth, whereby the steady-state crystallite size is attained when the rates of these processes are in equilibrium. This study deals with the kinetics of crystallite size evolution by milling. Published experimental data were analyzed using three kinetic models: dr / dt=-k1r2 + k2r-1; dr / dt=-k1r3 + k2r and dr / dt=-nktn-1(r - rs), where r and rs are the crystallite radius and steady-state crystallite radius respectively, t time, k1 and k2 the rate constants of crystallite reduction and grain growth, respectively, k the rate constant and n the Avrami exponent. The applied kinetic relations describe the crystallite size dependence on milling time in a satisfactory manner.
Carbon fibers and textiles and some of their applications
Authors: Kaludjerovic Branka , Milovanovic Ljiljana , Babic Biljana
Published: July 2008

Production process and characteristics of PAN based carbon fibers and cellulose based carbon textile are presented. In the case of carbon fibers attention is paid to changes during the carbonization process in the range of 400-1000?C. The change of diameter and weight loss as well as tensile strength and Young's modulus were examined. For carbon textile it was interesting to show their adsorption characteristics as activated material. The nitrogen adsorption isotherms correspond to the microporous adsorbent which is suitable for adsorption of both gaseous and liquid adsorbats.
Kinetics of gibbsite leaching in sodium hydroxide aqueous solution
Authors: Pavlovic Ljubica , Acimovic-Pavlovic Zagorka , Andric Ljubisa , Prstic Aurel
Published: July 2008

In order to study the kinetics and mechanism of the reaction, laboratory leaching was carried out with industrially produced gibbsite ?-Al(OH)3 in aqueous solutions containing an excess of sodium hydroxide. The results obtained reaction temperature, duration and base concentration varied. The basic kinetic parameters were determined from: the reaction rate constant k=8.72?107 exp (-74990/RT) and the process activation energy in the range Ea=72.5-96.81 kJ/mol.