bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Present and the Future Perspectives of Biological Network Inference
Authors: Lecca Paola , Palmisano Alida
Published: November 2011

Biological network inference is based on a series of studies and computational approaches to the deduction of the connectivity of chemical species, the reaction pathway, and the reaction kinetics of complex reaction systems from experimental measurements. Inference for network structure and reaction kinetics parameters governing the dynamics of a biological system is currently an active area of research. In the era of post-genomic biology, it is a common opinion among scientists that living systems (cells, tissues, organs and organisms) can be understood in terms of their network structure as well as in term of the evolution in time of this network structure. In this chapter, the authors make a survey of the recent methodologies proposed for the structure inference and for the parameter estimation of a system of interacting biological entities. Furthermore, they present the recent works of the authors about model identification and calibration.
Intelligent Classifiers Fusion for Enhancing Recognition of Genes and Protein Pattern of Hereditary Diseases
Authors: Subhasini Parthasarathy , Ane Bernadetta Kwintiana , Roller Dieter , Krishnaveni Marimuthu
Published: November 2011

Most the objective of intelligent systems is to create a model, which given a minimum amount of input data or information, is able to produce reliable recognition rates and correct decisions. In the application, when an individual classifier has reached its limit and, at the same time, it is hard to develop a better one, the solution might only be to combine the existing well performing classifiers. Combination of multiple classifier decisions is a powerful method for increasing classification rates in difficult pattern recognition problems. To achieve better recognition rates, it has been found that in many applications, it is better to fuse multiple relatively simple classifiers than to build a single sophisticated classifier. Such classifiers fusion seems to be worth applying in terms of uncertainty reduction. Different individual classifiers performing on different data would produce different errors. Assuming that all individual methods perform well, intelligent combination of multiple experts would reduce overall classification error and as consequence increase correct outputs. To date, content interpretation still remains as a highly complex task which requires many features to be fused. However, the fusion mechanism can be done at different levels of the classification. The fusion process can be carried out on three levels of abstraction closely connected with the flow of the classification process, i.e. data level fusion, feature level fusion, and classifier fusion. The work presented in this chapter focuses on the fusion of classifier outputs for intelligent models.
Connecting the Bench with the Bedside
Authors: Webster Yue Wang , Dow Ernst R , Palakal Mathew J
Published: November 2011

Even though numerous tools and technologies have been developed to meet this need with various degrees of success, a conceptual framework is needed to fully realize the value of those tools and technologies. The authors propose Complex System (CS) to be the logical foundation of such a framework. Since translational research is a spiral and dynamic process. With the CS mindset, they designed a multi-layer architecture called HyGen (Hypotheses Generation Framework) to address the challenges faced by translational researchers. In order to evaluate the framework, the authors carried out heuristic and quantitative tests in Colorectal Cancer disease area. The results demonstrate the potential of this hybrid approach to bridge silos and to identify hidden links among clinical observations, drugs, genes and diseases, which may eventually lead to the discovery of novel disease targets, biomarkers and therapies.
Value of Procollagen Type I Aminoterminal Propeptide in Women with Breast Cancer with regard to Metastases
Authors: Clouth A. , Oremek G. M.
Published: November 2011

Background. The aim of this study was to show the importance of the bone marker procollagen type 1 aminoterminal propeptide (P1NP) in detecting bone metastases in women suffering from breast cancer. We furthermore investigated to what degree P1NP is correlated to the degree of bone metastases, and if P1NP is increased in patients with metastases other than bone.
Patients and Methods. We analyzed 80 serum samples of women (17 premenopausal/63 postmenopausal) with breast cancer. Therefore we used a specific immunoassay “ELECSYS 2010” by Roche Diagnostics. We divided our group of patients with regard to menopausal status, sites of metastases and number of bone metastases. Results. As a result we found higher concentrations of P1NP in women with radiologically confirmed bone metastases (median: 125.75 ng/mL) in comparison to the collective without bone involvement (median: 73.61 ng/mL). However, both groups showed values above the applied cutoff values of median 27.8 ng/mL for premenopausal women and median: 37.1 ng/mL for the postmenopausal group due to the fact that all patients had cancer. Furthermore higher P1NP concentrations were found in women with more than 5 sites of bone metastases (median: 183.9 ng/mL) than in patients with only one site of bone metastases (median: 37 ng/mL). Also patients with no bone involvement but other sites of metastases showed quite high P1NP concentrations (median: 73.61 ng/mL). Conclusion. The marker of bone turnover procollagen type 1 aminoterminal propeptide can be considered as a useful tool for estimating the extent of bone involvement and for the detection of bone metastases. P1NP cannot replace conventional methods for detecting bone metastases such as radiological methods but it can help clarify unclear radiological results. This study does not take into account the change of P1NP concentration during the course of therapy.
Fivebranes and knots
Authors: Witten Edward
Published: November 2011

We develop an approach to Khovanov homology of knots via gauge theory (previous physics-based approaches involved other descriptions of the relevant spaces of BPS states). The starting point is a system of D3-branes ending on an NS5-brane with a nonzero theta-angle. On the one hand, this system can be related to a Chern–Simons gauge theory on the boundary of the D3-brane worldvolume; on the other hand, it can be studied by standard techniques of S-duality and T-duality. Combining the two approaches leads to a new and manifestly invariant description of the Jones polynomial of knots, and its generalizations, and to a manifestly invariant description of Khovanov homology, in terms of certain elliptic partial differential equations in four and five dimensions.
DInSAR coseismic deformation of the May 2011 Mw 5.1 Lorca earthquake, (Southern Spain)
Authors: Frontera T. , Concha A. , Blanco P. , Echeverria A. , Goula X. , Arbiol R. , Khazaradze G. , Pérez F. , Suriñach E.
Published: November 2011

Abstract. The coseismic superficial deformation at the region of Lorca (Murcia, southeastern Spain) due to the Mw 5.1 earthquake occurred on 11 May 2011 was studied by a multidisciplinary team, integrating information from DInSAR, GPS and numerical modeling techniques. Despite the moderate magnitude of the event, quantitative information was obtained from the interferometric study of a pair of SAR images. Coseismic vertical deformation was differentiated from subsidence related to groundwater extraction at the footwall block through a numerical modeling deformation estimation based on elastic rupture dislocations. On the other hand, horizontal crustal deformation rates obtained from the analysis of a GPS network existent in the area are also coherent with the mechanism calculated for the earthquake.
Optic Disc Pit Maculopathy: The Value of Small-Gauge Vitrectomy, Peeling, Laser Treatment, and Gas Tamponade
Authors: Rizzo Stanislao , Belting Claudia , Genovesi-Ebert Federica , Di Bartolo Emanuele , Cresti Federica , Cinelli Laura , Allegrini Luca
Published: November 2011

Purpose

To report the outcome of 10 patients with optic pit maculopathy (OPM) and evaluate the role of small-gauge vitrectomy, gas endotamponade, and additional laser photocoagulation treatment.

Methods

We retrospectively investigated 10 patients who underwent small-gauge, sutureless vitrectomy for OPM, detachment of the posterior hyaloid, internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, endolaser photocoagulation on the temporal margin of the optic disc, and gas tamponade. Preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was recorded and optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging was performed.

Results

Seven out of 10 patients gained at least 2 lines of vision; 2 patients gained 1 line of vision. Visual improvement occurred more than 3 months after surgery. One myopic patient developed a macular hole postoperatively, resulting in a poor functional result even though complete retinal attachment was achieved. The functional outcome did not always correlate well with the OCT imaging, in which complete retinal reattachment was observed in 5 out of 10 eyes.

Conclusions

The therapeutic approach should include both small-gauge vitrectomy and ILM peeling to relieve vitreoretinal traction, as well as laser photocoagulation of the temporal margin of the optic disc in order to prevent vitreous fluid from entering the subretinal/intraretinal space. In addition, the patients should be told that visual recovery can take a long time.
Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy in Giant Masses
Authors: Maestroni Umberto , Ferretti Stefania , Ziglioli Francesco , Campobasso Davide , Cerasi Dario , Cortellini Pietro
Published: November 2011

Background

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is considered the treatment of choice in the surgical management of the most majority of the adrenal diseases. Nevertheless, one of the much discussed topics is the dimensional cut-off for the laparoscopic treatment and it is not clear if laparoscopy should be used in large adrenal masses.

Introduction

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is the goal standard in benign adrenal masses smaller than 6 cm, while its advantages in masses larger than this cut-off and in malignant lesions is still discussed.

Materials and Methods

We present six cases of laparoscopic adrenalectomy since November 2008 for masses between 7 and 15 cm; 4 men and 2 women. 3 right and 3 left. A complete adrenal endocrinological evaluation demonstrated that the lesions were not secreting tumors. All patients were studied with CT scan. The technique was performed using a flank approach with a 45° tilt. We used 5 trocars in patients who had the masses on the right side, and 4 in those who had the lesions on the left side. After creating an adequate pneumoperitoneum through an open access, the posterior peritoneum cutting, mobilization of the colon, medial dissection of the adrenal gland, and ligation of the main adrenal vein were performed. The adrenal gland was carefully dissected by Ultracision. The mass was extracted by endobag through an additional subcostal port. The mean operative time was 120 minutes. Blood loss was about 50 cc. The drainage was removed on day 2 after surgery and the patient was discharged on day 3. No post-operative complication occurred. The anatomopathologic exam gave evidence of myelolipoma and hemorrhagic cyst.

Discussion

The benefits of the laparoscopic approach are widely demonstrated and consist of a shorter hospital stay, reduced morbility decreased analgesic requirement, and reduced intraoperative blood loss. One of the most discussed topics is the dimensional cut-off and it is not clear if the laparoscopy approach should be used in large adrenal masses (considering the longer operative time and increasing blood loss). Many surgeons performed laparoscopic adrenalectomy for masses of up to 13 cm, thus demonstrating that this procedure is safe and effective. A limitation of laparoscopic approach for adrenal giant masses is the increased risk to treat an adrenal cortical carcinoma.

Conclusions

Our experience, supported by the literature, demonstrates that the laparoscopic adrenalectomy is a feasible and effective surgical technique also in the case of giant masses. Preoperative diagnosis has a predominant role to determine the contraindication of this technique (invasive adrenal carcinoma).
Semi‐supervised linear discriminant analysis
Authors: Toher Deirdre , Downey Gerard , Murphy Thomas Brendan
Published: November 2011

Fisher's linear discriminant analysis is one of the most commonly used and studied classification methods in chemometrics. The method finds a projection of multivariate data into a lower dimensional space so that the groups in the data are well separated. The resulting projected values are subsequently used to classify unlabeled observations into the groups.

A semi‐supervised version of Fisher's linear discriminant analysis is developed so that the unlabeled observations are also used in the model‐fitting procedure. This approach is advantageous when few labeled and many unlabeled observations are available.

The semi‐supervised linear discriminant analysis method is demonstrated on a number of data sets where it is shown to yield better separation of the groups and improved classification over Fisher's linear discriminant analysis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrathin Platinum Nanowire Catalysts for Direct CN Coupling of Carbonyls with Aromatic Nitro Compounds under 1 Bar of Hydrogen
Authors: Hu Lei , Cao Xueqin , Ge Danhua , Hong Haiyan , Guo Zhiqiang , Chen Liang , Sun Xuhui , Tang Jianxin , Zheng Junwei , Lu Jianmei , Gu Hongwei
Published: November 2011

Traditionally important in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and synthetic dye industries, CN coupling has proved useful for the preparation of a number of valuable organic compounds. Here, a new method for the direct one‐pot reductive CN coupling from carbonyl and aromatic nitro compounds is described. Employing ultrathin platinum nanowires as the catalyst and hydrogen as the reducing agent, N‐alkylamines were achieved in high yields. Debenzylation products were not detected after prolonged reaction times. Time‐dependent analysis, ReactIR spectroscopy and DFT calculations revealed that the CN coupling proceeded through a different mechanism than traditional “reductive amination.” N‐Alkylamines were directly obtained by intermolecular dehydration over platinum nanowires under a hydrogen atmosphere, instead of intramolecular water elimination and imine hydrogenation.
ChemInform Abstract: SrNbO2N as a Water‐Splitting Photoanode with a Wide Visible‐Light Absorption Band.
Authors: Maeda Kazuhiko , Higashi Masanobu , Siritanaratkul Bhavin , Abe Ryu , Domen Kazunari
Published: November 2011

SrNbO2N, an n‐type semiconductor with a band gap of ca. 1.8 eV, is deposited on a fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate by electrophoretic deposition followed by calcination in air at 673 K for 0.5 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphorus‐Centered and Phosphinidene‐Capped Tungsten Chloride Clusters.
Authors: Stroebele Markus , Eichele Klaus , Meyer H.‐Juergen
Published: November 2011

The new P‐centered W6PCl17 (I) cluster compound is prepared by reduction of WCl6 with red phosphorus (evacuated silica tube, 370 °C, 24 h; 95% yield estimated from XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Phosphine—Phosphite Ligands in the Enantioselective 1,4‐Addition of Grignard Reagents to α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Naeemi Qaseem , Robert Tobias , Kranz Darius P. , Velder Janna , Schmalz Hans‐Guenther
Published: November 2011

Copper‐catalyzed asymmetric 1,4‐addition of Grignard reagents towards cyclic ketones proceeds efficiently in the presence of novel chiral phosphine—phosphite ligands (I) to give the adducts (IV) and (VI) in up to 93% optical purity.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,4‐Additions of Electron‐Rich Heterocycles onto β‐Perfluoroalkyl Enones.
Authors: Leuger Julia , Blond Gaelle , Billard Thierry , Haufe Guenter , Langlois Bernard R.
Published: November 2011

Electron‐rich heterocyclic compounds such as hydroxycoumarins (I) as well as furan, pyrrole and indole derivatives (IX) react with β‐perfluoroalkylated enones (II) to give the corresponding 1,4‐addition products.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed C—S Coupling: Access to Thioethers, Benzo[b]thiophenes, and Thieno[3,2‐b]thiophenes.
Authors: Kuhn Marius , Falk Florian C. , Paradies Jan
Published: November 2011

Thiourea is applied as a cheap and easy to handle dihydrosulfide surrogate to synthesize symmetrical diaryl sulfides from aryl bromides or iodides.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Ring Opening and Isomerization Reactions of 3,4‐Epoxyesters Catalyzed by Boron Trifluoride.
Authors: Izquierdo Javier , Rodriguez Santiago , Gonzalez Florenci V.
Published: November 2011

Ring opening in the presence of alcohols and BF3·Et2O affords 4‐alkoxy‐3‐hydroxyesters as major products.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Biscyclopropanated 1,3,5‐Tricarbonyl Compounds. A Combined Synthetic, Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study.
Authors: Rahn Thomas , Bendrath Franziska , Hein Martin , Baumann Wolfgang , Jiao Haijun , Boerner Armin , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter
Published: November 2011

A diversity of biscyclopropanated 1,3,5‐tricarbonyl compounds, e.g. (VI) and (X), is prepared by a combination of Claisen condensation and cyclopropanation reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Conjugate Addition and Cascade Acyl Transfer Reaction of α‐Nitroketones.
Authors: Lu Rui‐jiong , Yan Yun‐yun , Wang Jin‐jia , Du Quan‐sheng , Nie Shao‐zhen , Yan Ming
Published: November 2011

TUR efficiently promotes the reaction yielding 5‐nitropent‐2‐enoates with high enantioselectivity but only low diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Aryne Reaction with Trifluoromethyl Ketones in Three Modes: C—C Bond Cleavage, [2 + 2] Cycloaddition and O‐Arylation.
Authors: Yoshida Hiroto , Ito Yu , Yoshikawa Yunito , Ohshita Joji , Takaki Ken
Published: November 2011

It is demonstrated that benzyl trifluoromethyl ketones (II) serve as versatile substrates for a C—C bond cleavage reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium/Copper‐Catalyzed Di‐α‐Arylation of Acetic Acid Esters.
Authors: Song Bingrui , Himmler Thomas , Goossen Lukas J.
Published: November 2011

A wide range of aromatic and heteroaromatic bromides is applied to afford the bisarylated products with high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine‐Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Allenoates with Trifluoromethylketones: Synthesis of Dihydrofurans and Tetrahydrofurans.
Authors: Wang Tong , Ye Song
Published: November 2011

Title cycloaddition proceeds with excellent γ‐regioselectivity to give dihydrofurans (III) in moderate to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Thiophenes Bearing SO2R Substituents.
Authors: Bheeter Charles Beromeo , Bera Jitendra K. , Doucet Henri
Published: November 2011

2‐Sulfonylated thiophenes smoothly and selectively undergo direct arylation to produce 5‐substituted derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: A Pyrene‐Based Fluorescent Sensor for Zn2+ Ions: A Molecular “Butterfly”.
Authors: Manandhar Erendra , Broome J. Hugh , Myrick Jalin , Lagrone Whitney , Cragg Peter J. , Wallace Karl J.
Published: November 2011

The title compound (III) self‐assembles in the presence of ZnCl2 in an exclusively 2:1 ratio.
ChemInform Abstract: Verdazyl Radicals as Substrates for Organic Synthesis: A Synthesis of 3‐Methyl‐5‐aryl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazolones.
Authors: Bancerz Matthew , Georges Michael K.
Published: November 2011

Coupling of verdazyls with styrene followed by acidic hydrolysis allows a new access to 5‐aryl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazolones.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium(III)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reaction of Brassard‐Type Diene with Aliphatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Lin Lili , Kuang Yulong , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming
Published: November 2011

The reaction affords α,β‐unsaturated lactones (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Enantiopure Substituted Piperidines via an Aziridinium Ring Expansion.
Authors: Jarvis Scott B. D. , Charette Andre B.
Published: November 2011

The ring expansion of chiral pyrrolinols proceeds via intermediate aziridine formation which is followed by treatment with various C‐, N‐, O‐ and S‐nucleophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: An Expeditious Approach to 1‐(Isoquinolin‐1‐yl)guanidines via a Three‐Component Reaction of 2‐Alkynylbenzaldehyde, Sulfonohydrazide, with Carbodiimide.
Authors: Wang Huanhuan , Ye Shengqing , Jin Hanpeng , Liu Jianping , Wu Jie
Published: November 2011

Among the novel isoquinolinylguanidines (IV), (VI) prepared, compounds with promising PTP1B inhibiting activity are identified.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unexpected Palladium‐Catalyzed Reaction of 2‐Alkynylhalobenzene with 2‐Alkynylaniline: A Novel and Efficient Route to 11H‐Indeno[1,2‐c]quinolin‐11‐ols.
Authors: Pan Xiaolin , Luo Yong , Wu Jie
Published: November 2011

The unexpected formation of title compounds (III) is only observed when the reaction mixture is exposed to air atmosphere after the consumption of the starting material.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Tetracyclic 7‐Oxo‐pyrido[3,2,1‐de]acridine Derivatives.
Authors: Chen Ching‐Huang , Lin Yi‐Wen , Kakadiya Rajesh , Kumar Amit , Chen Yu‐Ting , Lee Te‐Chang , Su Tsann‐Long
Published: November 2011

Various mono‐ and dihydroxypiperidino‐fused glyfoline analogues, e.g. (I), and their acetylated analogues are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Vanadium‐Catalyzed Oxidation of 1,3‐Dithianes from Aldehydes and Ketones Using β‐Amino Alcohol Derived Schiff Base Ligands.
Authors: Wu Yinuo , Mao Fei , Meng Fanchao , Li Xingshu
Published: November 2011

1,3‐Dithiane substrates, derived from aromatic aldehydes, are oxidized to the corresponding sulfoxides with excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Reactions of 2‐Methyl‐7‐(3‐methyl‐5‐oxo‐1‐phenyl‐2‐pyrazolin‐4‐yl)‐5‐arylthiazolo [3,2‐a]pyrimido[4,5‐d]oxazin‐4(5H)‐one.
Authors: Youssef Mohamed Salah K. , Abbady Mohamed S. , Ahmed Ragaa A. , Omar Ahmed A.
Published: November 2011

Compounds, e.g. (Vb), (VIIb), and (Xb), exhibit significant antibacterial activity against several bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus or E.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Polysubstituted 6‐[(1H‐1,2,3‐Triazol‐1‐yl)methyl]uracils Through the “Click” Protocol.
Authors: Jansa Petr , Spacek Petr , Votruba Ivan , Brehova Petra , Dracinsky Martin , Klepetarova Blanka , Janeba Zlatko
Published: November 2011

A variety of acyclic triazolo nucleoside analogues is synthesized utilizing Cu(I)‐catalyzed azide—alkyne Huisgen “click” cycloaddition reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Effects on the Electronic Properties of Extended Fused‐Ring Thieno[3,4‐b]pyrazine Analogues.
Authors: Nietfeld Jon P. , Schwiderski Ryan L. , Gonnella Thomas P. , Rasmussen Seth C.
Published: November 2011

Based on electrochemical and spectroscopic studies, clear relationships between chemical structures of fused thienopyrazines and their electronic properties are found.
ChemInform Abstract: Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reaction of Phosphinyl and Phosphonyl Nitroso Alkenes with Conjugated Dienes: An Aza‐Cope Rearrangement.
Authors: de los Santos Jesus M. , Ignacio Roberto , Rubiales Gloria , Aparicio Domitila , Palacios Francisco
Published: November 2011

Treatment of the nitroso alkenes (I) with cyclopentadiene and cyclohexadiene results in unexpected formation of bicyclic products of type (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of New 3‐(3‐Hydroxyphenyl)‐4‐alkyl‐3,4‐dihydrobenzo[e][1,3]oxazepine‐1,5‐dione Compounds.
Authors: Osman Hasnah , Mohammad AbdulKarim‐Talaq , Yeap Guan‐Yeow , Adam Farook
Published: November 2011

Compounds (III) are purified by recrystallisation from 1,4‐dioxane.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Alkenyl‐ and Arylsilylation Reactions Forming 1‐Silaindenes.
Authors: Matsuda Takanori , Yamaguchi Yoshiyuki , Shigeno Masanori , Sato Shinya , Murakami Masahiro
Published: November 2011

In the presence of an Au(I)‐phosphine catalyst, alkenyl‐ and arylsilanes (I), (III), (V), (VII), and (IX) undergo intramolecular cyclization reactions onto appendant alkyne moieties to afford 1‐silaindene derivatives (II), (IV), (VI),(VIII) and (X)/(XI), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Peptidyl‐ and Glycosylpyrimidine Derivatives.
Authors: Aly Aly A. , Behalo Mohamed S.
Published: November 2011

Most of the synthesized compounds exhibit a significant antimicrobial activity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Rapid Synthesis of Pyranoid Glycals Promoted by β‐Cyclodextrin and Ultrasound.
Authors: Zhao Jinzhong , Shao Huawu , Wu Xin , Shi Shaojing
Published: November 2011

The reaction is carried out under environmentally benign and pH neutral conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Total Synthesis of Cytopiloyne, an Antidiabetic Polyacetylenic Glucoside.
Authors: Kumar Chidambaram Ramesh , Tsai Chi‐Hui , Chao Yu‐Sheng , Lee Jinq‐Chyi
Published: November 2011

Both diastereomers are prepared and their structures are characterized.
ChemInform Abstract: New Cytotoxic δ‐Valerolactones from Cornus walteri
Authors: Kim Ki Hyun , Shin Young June , Choi Sang Un , Lee Kang Ro
Published: November 2011

isolation, structural elucidation and cytotoxicity of two new δ‐valerolactone enantiomers (I), walterolactones A and B, along with two known δ‐valerolactones
ChemInform Abstract: Noncovalent Bifunctional Organocatalysis Mediated by β‐Amino Alcohols
Authors: Della Sala Giorgio , Russo Alessio , Lattanzi Alessandra
Published: November 2011

Review: 240 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,4‐Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) as a Useful Catalyst in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Baghernejad Bita
Published: November 2011

Review: 65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of N—CO2 Bonds: Synthesis of Carbamic Acids and Their Derivatives, Isocyanates and Ureas
Authors: Quaranta Eugenio , Aresta Michele
Published: November 2011

Review: 305 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Aromatic Trifluoromethylation with Metal Complexes
Authors: Tomashenko Olesya A. , Grushin Vladimir V.
Published: November 2011

Review: 418 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopenta[c]pyrans
Authors: Tintas Mihaela , Bogdan Elena , Grosu Ion
Published: November 2011

Review: 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: BINEPINES: Chiral Binaphthalene‐Core Monophosphepine Ligands for Multipurpose Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Gladiali Serafino , Alberico Elisabetta , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias
Published: November 2011

Review: 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enyne‐Metathesis‐Based Tandem Processes
Authors: Li Jingwei , Lee Daesung
Published: November 2011

Review: about 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Integrating Top‐Down and Self‐Assembly in the Fabrication of Peptide and Protein‐Based Biomedical Materials
Authors: Smith Katherine H. , Tejeda‐Montes Esther , Poch Marta , Mata Alvaro
Published: November 2011

Review: 76 refs.
A SERS‐active microfluidic device with tunable surface plasmon resonances
Authors: Xu Bin‐Bin , Ma Zhuo‐Chen , Wang Huan , Liu Xue‐Qing , Zhang Yong‐Lai , Zhang Xu‐Lin , Zhang Ran , Jiang Hao‐Bo , Sun Hong‐Bo
Published: November 2011

A surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)‐active microfluidic device with tunable surface plasmon resonances is presented here. It is constructed by silver grating substrates prepared by two‐beam laser interference of photoresists and subsequent metal evaporation coating, as well as PDMS microchannel derived from soft lithography. By varying the period of gratings from 200 to 550 nm, surface plasmon resonances (SPRs) from the metal gratings could be tuned in a certain range. When the SPRs match with the Raman excitation line, the highest enhancement factor of 2×107 is achieved in the SERS detection. The SERS‐active microchannel with tunable SPRs exhibits both high enhancement factor and reproducibility of SERS signals, and thus holds great promise for applications of on‐chip SERS detection.
High frequency of BTG1 deletions in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children with down syndrome
Authors: Lundin Catarina , Hjorth Lars , Behrendtz Mikael , Nordgren Ann , Palmqvist Lars , Andersen Mette Klarskov , Biloglav Andrea , Forestier Erik , Paulsson Kajsa , Johansson Bertil
Published: November 2011

Previous cytogenetic studies of myeloid and acute lymphoblastic leukemias in children with Down syndrome (ML‐DS and DS‐ALL) have revealed significant differences in abnormality patterns between such cases and acute leukemias in general. Also, certain molecular genetic aberrations characterize DS‐related leukemias, such as GATA1 mutations in ML‐DS and deregulation of the CRLF2 gene in DS‐ALL. Whether microdeletions/microduplications also vary between DS and non‐DS cases is presently unclear. To address this issue, we performed single nucleotide polymorphism array analyses of eight pediatric ML‐DS and 17 B‐cell precursor DS‐ALL. In the ML‐DS cases, a total of 29 imbalances (20 gains and nine losses) and two partial uniparental isodisomies (pUPDs) were detected. None of the 11 small (defined as <10 Mb) imbalances were recurrent, nor were the pUPDs, whereas of the 18 large aberrations, three were recurrent—dup(1q), +8 and +21. In contrast, several frequent changes were identified in the DS‐ALL cases, which harbored 82 imbalances (30 gains and 52 losses) and four pUPDs. Of the 40 large changes, 28 were gains and 12 losses, with +X, dup(Xq), dup(1q), del(7p), dup(8q), del(9p), dup(9p), del(12p), dup(17q), and +21 being recurrent. Of the 40 microdeletions identified, several targeted specific genes, with the following being repeatedly deleted: BTG1 and CDKN2A/B (29% of cases), ETV6, IKZF1, PAX5 and SERP2 (18%), and BTLA, INPP4B, P2RY8, and RB1 (12%). Loss of the SERP2 and INPP4B genes, encoding the stress‐associated endoplasmic reticulum protein family member 2 and the inositol polyphosphate 4‐phosphatase‐II, respectively, has previously never been implicated in leukemia. Although deletions of the other genes have been associated with ALL, the high frequency of BTG1 loss is a novel finding. Such deletions may characterize a clinical subgroup of DS‐ALL, comprising mainly boys with a high median age. In conclusion, ML‐DS and DS‐ALL are genetically distinct, with mainly gains in ML‐DS and deletions in DS‐ALL. Furthermore, DS‐ALL is characterized by several recurrent gene deletions, with BTG1 loss being particularly frequent. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Casitas B lymphoma mutations in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Nicholson Lindsay , Knight Thomas , Matheson Elizabeth , Minto Lynne , Case Marian , Sanichar Maryna , Bomken Simon , Vormoor Josef , Hall Andy , Irving Julie
Published: November 2011

Casitas B‐lineage lymphoma (CBL) proteins are RING finger ubiquitin E3 ligases that attenuate the signaling of receptor tyrosine kinases and are mutated in a number of myeloid disorders. In this study, mutational screening of the linker‐RING domains of CBL and CBLB was performed by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography in a cohort of diagnostic (n = 180) or relapse (n = 46) samples from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Somatic mutations were identified in three children, giving an overall incidence of 1.7% and involved small deletions affecting the intron/exon boundaries of exon 8, leading to skipping of exon 8 and abolishing E3 ligase function. Mutated primary samples were associated with constitutive activation of the RAS pathway and sensitivity to MEK inhibitors was shown. Thus, mutation of CBL is an alternative route to activate the RAS pathway and may identify children who are candidates for MEK inhibitor clinical trials. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and reactivity of alkoxy(trimethylsiloxy)phosphines and their derivatives
Authors: Prishchenko Andrey A. , Livantsov Mikhail V. , Novikova Olga P. , Livantsova Ludmila I. , Petrosyan Valery S.
Published: November 2011

Convenient procedures for the synthesis of new alkoxy(trimethylsiloxy)phosphines and their derivatives starting from the available alkyl hypophosphites and N‐trimethylsilyl succinimide are proposed. Some properties of these new phosphines such as nucleophilic substitution of the trimethylsiloxy group at trivalent phosphorus, the Arbuzov reaction, and addition of PH and POSi fragments to multiple carbon–carbon bonds are presented. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 23:138–145, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20762
Can China overcome the difficulties of establishing successful global brands?
Authors: Floyd David , Ardley Barry , McManus John
Published: November 2011

Chinese brands lack the main components for global success in several areas though, in time, these factors will be addressed.
γ‐Butyrolactone‐processable high‐modulus poly(ester imide)s
Authors: Hasegawa Masatoshi , Tanaka Yuma , Tominaga Azumi
Published: November 2011

γ‐Butyrolactone (GBL)‐processable high modulus heat‐resistant materials were developed in this work. The polyaddition of an ester‐containing tetracarboxylic dianhydride, i.e. hydroquinone bis(trimellitate anhydride) (TAHQ), and 2,2′‐bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine (TFMB) in GBL resulted in gelation in the initial reaction stage. The incorporation of a methyl group to TAHQ (M‐TAHQ) allowed polymerization with TFMB in GBL and led to a homogeneous poly(ester imide) (PEsI) precursor solution with a short pot life of 3 days, whereas a simple copolymerization approach using bulky/flexible comonomers to TAHQ/TFMB was less effective. PEsI precursors (PEsAAs) were prepared from TFMB, M‐TAHQ and a minor fraction of 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) or a fluorene‐containing tetracarboxylic dianhydride. These PEsAA systems showed drastically improved GBL solution stability. In particular, the M‐TAHQ(80);6FDA(20)/TFMB copolymer system provided a PEsAA film with a very high light transmittance at 365 nm (>70%). A photosensitive film composed of this matrix resin and diazonaphthoquinone provided a clear positive‐tone pattern by development in a 2.38 wt% tetramethylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution at room temperature with a high dissolution contrast. The thermally cured PEsI film achieved a very high tensile modulus (>5 GPa) as the present target with other desirable properties, i.e. sufficient film flexibility, a relatively low coefficient of thermal expansion, a high Tg and low water absorption. The present materials can be promising candidates as novel buffer coat films in semiconductor applications. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Preparation, characterization and thermal properties of tetramethylbisphenol F epoxy resin and mixed systems
Authors: Liu Zhongguo , Zhang Gang , Sun Hongcheng , Jiang Hao , Zhao Chengji , Xu Dan , Li Hongtao , Sun Xingwu , Na Hui
Published: November 2011

Tetramethylbisphenol F epoxy resin (TMBPFE) was successfully synthesized based on tetramethylbisphenol F (TMBPF) and epichlorohydrin with tetrabutylammonium bromide as the catalyst. The structure of TMBPFE was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and elemental analysis. Then, a mixed system composed of TMBPFE and 4,4′‐diglycidyl (3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbiphenyl) epoxy (TMBP) was prepared by a melting method, i.e. without any solvent. Both the TMBPFE and the mixed system were cured using 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM) as the curing agent. The thermal properties of TMBPFE and the mixed system were studied using differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that the TMBP mixed in the TMBPFE matrix had little effect on the thermal properties of TMBPFE. However, the glass transition temperature improved markedly with increasing content of TMBP. Moreover, the TGA results showed that the degradation characteristics of TMBPFE resins did not seriously decrease when TMBP was incorporated into the TMBPFE matrix, although there are large steric hindrance biphenyl groups in TMBP. Both TMBPFE and the TMBPFE/TMBP system have potential applications in electrical and electronic fields. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Electrochemical reduction of benzoyl chloride to benzil in ionic liquid BMIMBF4
Authors: Feng Qiuju , Huang Kelong , Liu Suqin , Wang Hongmei , Yan Wenbin
Published: November 2011

A new electrochemical procedure for the electrocatalytic dimerisation of benzoyl chloride in ionic liquid, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazoliumtetrafluoborate, to benzil was investigated for the first time. The electrochemical behavior of benzoyl chlorides in BMIMBF4 was studied by cyclic voltammetry with a reduction peak at −1.2 V (vs Ag). The electrolysis experiments were carried out in an undivided cell under mild conditions without any toxic solvents, catalysts and supporting electrolytes, creating benzil at a moderate yield (51%). The results showed that the yields were strongly affected by various factors: temperature, working potential, electrode material. Moreover, the ionic liquid was successfully recycled for this reaction. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and herbicidal activities of novel 3‐(substituted benzyloxy or phenoxy)‐6‐methyl‐4‐(3‐trifluoromethylphenyl)pyridazine derivatives
Authors: Xu Han , Zhu You‐Quan , Zou Xiao‐Mao , Liu Bin , Wang Yong , Hu Fang‐Zhong , Yang Hua‐Zheng
Published: November 2011

BACKGROUND: 4‐(3‐Trifluoromethylphenyl)pyridazine represents a new series of compounds with bleaching and herbicidal activities.

RESULTS: A total of 43 novel 3‐(substituted benzyloxy or phenoxy)‐6‐methyl‐4‐(3‐trifluoromethylphenyl)pyridazine derivatives were synthesised, and their bleaching and herbicidal activities were evaluated through Spirodela polyrrhiza and greenhouse tests. Some compounds exhibited excellent herbicidal activities, even at a dose of 7.5 g ha−1.

CONCLUSION: The results showed that a substituted phenoxy group at the 3‐position of the pyridazine ring and the electron‐withdrawing group at the para‐position on the benzene ring were essential for high herbicidal activity. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Toxicity and horizontal transfer of chlorantraniliprole against the Asian subterranean termite Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann): effects of donor:recipient ratio, exposure duration and soil type
Authors: Neoh Kok‐Boon , Hu Jian , Yeoh Boon‐Hoi , Lee Chow‐Yang
Published: November 2011

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of chlorantraniliprole and other insecticides (bifenthrin, fipronil, indoxacarb, imidacloprid and chlorfenapyr) were tested against Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann). Four experiments were conducted: a topical bioassay, a horizontal transfer study, an insecticide bioavailability test and a feeding bioassay.

RESULTS: The topical bioassay showed that chlorantraniliprole was significantly less active to C. gestroi at 24 h post‐treatment compared with the other insecticides tested. Nevertheless, it is likely that a lesser amount of chlorantraniliprole was required to cause 50% mortality of C. gestroi at 7 and 14 days post‐treatment. The exposure duration and donor:recipient ratio affect the mortality of recipient termites. Mortality after exposure to chlorantraniliprole in sandy clay was significantly lower than in sand; however, by 14 days, > 90% of donor and recipient termites died in both substrates, irrespective of concentration. Fipronil and imidacloprid showed faster action, and high to moderate toxicity to C. gestroi. Termite workers also ceased to feed after exposure for 1 h to 50 mg kg−1 chlorantraniliprole‐treated sandy clay.

CONCLUSION: Chlorantraniliprole demonstrated delayed toxicity at the lowest label rate (50 mg kg−1) in sandy clay. Its slow action will enable greater transfer of toxicant between nestmates, while feeding cessation will promote greater social interaction between healthy and exposed termites. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
MK615, a Prunus mume Steb. Et Zucc (‘Ume’) Extract, Attenuates the Growth of A375 Melanoma Cells by Inhibiting the ERK1/2‐Id‐1 Pathway
Authors: Tada Ko‐ichi , Kawahara Ko‐ichi , Matsushita Shigeto , Hashiguchi Teruto , Maruyama Ikuro , Kanekura Takuro
Published: November 2011

The Japanese apricot, a commonly consumed food called ‘Ume’ in Japan, has been used for a traditional Japanese medicine for centuries. MK615, an extract of compounds from ‘Ume’, has strong antitumorigenic and antiinflammatory effects including the induction of apoptosis and autophagy, and inhibition of cytokine production mediated via the inhibition of MAPKs signaling including ERK‐1/2, JNK and p38MAPK. The inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (Id‐1), a basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) transcription factor family, is essential for DNA binding and the transcriptional regulation of various proteins that play important roles in the development, progression and invasion of tumors. In melanoma, Id‐1 is constitutively expressed in the late and early stages, suggesting it as a therapeutic target in patients with melanoma. This study reports that MK615 profoundly reduced both the mRNA‐ and protein expression levels of Id‐1 and inhibited cell growth in A375 melanoma cells. MK615 markedly inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, which is associated with Id‐1 protein expression in A375 cells. Id‐1‐specific RNAi induced the death of A375 cells. Moreover, the expression of Bcl‐2 was decreased by both MK615 and Id‐1‐specific RNAi in A375 cells. The results suggest that MK615 is a potential therapeutic agent for treating malignant melanoma. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gingko biloba Extract Inhibits Oxidative Stress and Ameliorates Impaired Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Expression, but Can Not Improve Spatial Learning in Offspring from Hyperhomocysteinemic Rat Dams
Authors: Koz Sema T. , Baydas Giyasettin , Koz Suleyman , Demir Nevgul , Nedzvetsky Viktor S.
Published: November 2011

We aimed to study the effects of gingko biloba extract (EGb) on oxidative stress, astrocyte maturation and cognitive disfunction in offspring of hyperhomocysteinemic rats. Hyperhomocysteinemia was induced in the pregnant rats by administration of methionine (1 gr/kg body weight) dissolved in drinking water throughout pregnancy. One group of animals has received same amount of methionine plus 100 mg/kg/day EGb during pregnancy. On the postnatal day 1, half of the pups from all groups were sacrificed to study the lipid peroxidation (LPO) in different subfractions of brain. Other half of pups were tested in Morris water maze to assess differences in learning and memory performance at the 75 days of age. Maternal hyperhomocysteinemia significantly increased LPO levels especially in mitochondrial subfraction of fetal pup brains. EGb significantly prevented this LPO inrease. Methionine administration to animals reduced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in pup brains significantly. EGb administration improved GFAP expression significantly. Offspring of hyperhomocysteinemic animals had poor long term spatial memory performance on Morris water maze and EGb administration had no effect on impaired spatial memory. In conclusion, maternally induced hyperhomocysteinemia significantly increased oxidative stress, decreased expression of GFAP and impaired learning performance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automatic detection of atmospheric boundary layer height using ceilometer backscatter data assisted by a boundary layer model
Authors: Di Giuseppe Francesca , Riccio Angelo , Caporaso Luca , Bonafé Giovanni , Gobbi Gian Paolo , Angelini Federico
Published: November 2011

This work tackles the problem of the automated detection of the atmospheric boundary layer (BL) height h, from aerosol lidar/ceilometer observations. A new method, the Bayesian selective method (BSM), is presented. It implements a Bayesian statistical inference procedure which combines in a statistically optimal way different sources of information. Firstly, atmospheric stratification boundaries are located from discontinuities in the ceilometer backscattered signal. The BSM then identifies the discontinuity edge that has the highest probability to effectively mark the BL height. Information from the contemporaneous physical boundary layer model simulations and a climatological dataset of BL height evolution are combined in the assimilation framework to assist this choice.

The BSM algorithm has been tested for 4 months of continuous ceilometer measurements collected during the BASE:ALFA project, and is shown to realistically diagnose the BL depth evolution in many different weather conditions. A standard one‐dimensional processing of the ceilometer signal without the a priori support of the dynamical and climatological BL models often fails to correctly detect h, with the greatest inaccuracies occurring at night‐time when residual layers can generate very strong signals, which are then classified by an automated application of the gradient or of the wavelet analysis as the most probable BL height. The BSM approach instead carries information on the low climatological probability to find elevated BL depths at night and penalizes the selection of these points. Moreover, this method is able to correctly convey information along the temporal dimension, thus filling data gaps using earlier and subsequent ceilometer information for the retrieval. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Controlled Ambipolar‐to‐Unipolar Conversion in Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors Through Surface Coating with Poly(ethylene imine)/Poly(ethylene glycol) Films
Authors: Yan Zheng , Yao Jun , Sun Zhengzong , Zhu Yu , Tour James M.
Published: November 2011

A controlled ambipolar‐to‐unipolar (n‐type) conversion, along with a maximum fourfold increase in the electron mobility, in graphene field‐effect transistors (FETs) is achieved by coating the surface of graphene with a layer of a mixed polymer system, poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The PEG serves as a physisorption adhesion agent for the PEI. Both unipolar and ambipolar n‐type doping can be realized by adjusting the thickness of PEI films atop the graphene channel. The observed phenomena are attributed to the doping/dedoping effects of the external PEI film. The study provides a guide to engineering graphene transport properties through chemical modifications.
Mobile‐to‐mobile MIMO transmit–receive diversity systems: analysis and performance in three‐dimensional double‐correlated channels
Authors: Qi Jian , Aïssa Sonia
Published: November 2011

Mobile‐to‐mobile (M‐to‐M) communications are expected to play a crucial role in future wireless systems and networks. In this paper, we consider M‐to‐M multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) maximal ratio combining system and assess its performance in spatially correlated channels. The analysis assumes double‐correlated Rayleigh‐and‐Lognormal fading channels and is performed in terms of average symbol error probability, outage probability, and ergodic capacity. To obtain the receive and transmit spatial correlation functions needed for the performance analysis, we used a three‐dimensional (3D) M‐to‐M MIMO channel model, which takes into account the effects of fast fading and shadowing. The expressions for the considered metrics are derived as a function of the average signal‐to‐noise ratio per receive antenna in closed‐form and are further approximated using the recursive adaptive Simpson quadrature method. Numerical results are provided to show the effects of system parameters, such as distance between antenna elements, maximum elevation angle of scatterers, orientation angle of antenna array in the x–y plane, angle between the x–y plane and the antenna array orientation, and degree of scattering in the x–y plane, on the system performance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.