bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecological Migrants: International Legal Status and Prospects of its Consolidation
Authors: Markova E. Yu.
Published: July 2021

This article is devoted to ecological migrants, a category of persons that arose as a result of their displacement due to ecological reasons. At the present time ecological migrants do not have a legal status that would be enshrined in international law. This paper gives a definition of the content of the international legal status of ecological migrants, which reflects main characteristic of this category of persons. The article discusses prospects of establishing a protection of ecological migrants under a separate international treaty that would enshrine the international legal status of ecological migrants, lists advantages of an international treaty, proposes a concept of the treaty indicating prospective rights and obligations of ecological migrants and international legal obligations of Member States.
System-level performance evaluation of microwave fiber-optic links
Authors:   , Ackerman Edward Irving , Daryoush Afshin S.
Published: July 2021

Future generations of phased array radar systems as well as steerable communication antennas will require feed and distribution to many hundreds-possibly thousands-of solid-state MMIC radiating elements. In phased arrays operating at millimeter-wave frequencies, backplane interface and signal distribution methods will need to fulfill strict performance criteria. The metallic waveguides and coaxial cables currently used as phased array backplane interconnects will be unable to meet these stringent requirements. At millimeter-wave frequencies, where array backplane congestion is a major problem, distribution of the RF and digital control signals using optical fiber offers significant weight and crosstalk immunity advantages. To realize all the benefits of optical fiber signal distribution in a phased array, the single most critical development is the high-performance RF fiber-optic link. Some radar and communication systems, however, have such stringent transmit and/or receive performance goals which may not be easily met with conventional fiber-optic links. Fulfilling such difficult performance criteria requires prudent link architecture design. Before choosing a fiber-optic link design approach, it would benefit the phased array antenna system designer to possess a means of determining what RF performance could be expected. To do this, the designer needs a means of verifying that the mixing, modulation, and detection methods and the devices selected will result in a link with high-fidelity performance at the RF design frequencies. This work provides just such a design tool. In order to identify how best to leverage the advantages of optical fiber signal distribution in a microwave or millimeter-wave phased array, this thesis will investigate the optical link architectures that offer the maximum potential for achieving high-performance, low-profile array backplane interfaces. To assist the designer in the choice of signal mixing technique, modulation scheme, and electronic and photonic components that will yield the best combination of fiber-optic link characteristics (i.e., gain, noise figure, dynamic range, etc.) over a given frequency band, accurate link modeling techniques are set forth, verified experimentally, and then employed to evaluate the suitability of the various architectures to specific applications.
Identification of HIV-1, X4, R5, and R5 subgroup genetic signatures in the viral promoter, Tat, and Vpr
Authors:   , Aiamkitsumrit Benjamas , Wigdahl Brian
Published: July 2021

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) adaptation, under selective pressures, likely involves genetic alterations across the genome preferentially associated with viral phenotypes: CCR5-utilizing (R5), CXCR4-utilizing (X4) and the dual tropic (X4R5) viruses. The Env-V3 sequence is currently a major determinant of co-receptor usage, which can be predicted by in silico methodologies. Previous studies have demonstrated specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within C/EBP site I (3T, C-to-T change at position 3), and Sp site III (5T, C-to-T change at position 5) that correlate with late stage HIV-1 disease, and HIV-1-associated dementia (HAD). A co-selected SNP, 3T5T, was also identified within PBMC-derived LTRs from the D REXELMED HIV/AIDS Genetic Analysis (DM) Cohort that was selectively presented with the R5 Env-V3, with specific Tat genotypes, and observed before the onset of neurological impairment. Utilizing the PSSM algorithm, Env-V3 sequences derived from the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Database and DREXELMED HIV/AIDS Genetic Analysis Cohort, can be classified into X4 and R5 groups, with specific co-linear LTR, Tat, and Vpr genotypic signatures. The high genetic diversities of the X4 Env-V3 exhibited a direct connection with the high genetic diversities of Tat and LTR while the R5 Env-V3 represented the contrary, except Vpr. Differential amino acid (DAA) and differential nucleotide (DN) changes were identified within the R5 sequences, but not in X4, suggesting the existence of a specific R5 genotype signature within the LTR, Tat, and Vpr. Three methodologies were developed to define X4 and R5 subgroups; based on the PSSM algorithm, genetic diversity, and genetic relatedness. The 18-35 residue fragment differential scanning technology was developed, and shown to successfully define the differential sequence regions between the X4 and R5, as well as between the R5 subgroups comparisons, across the LTR, Tat and Vpr sequences. For the first time, utilizing these identified DAA residues within Vpr, and Tat, in silico prediction technology was established with at least 85% co-receptor usage prediction accuracy. These results leads to further definition of the next generation diagnostic and prognostic tools to examine HIV disease and to develop new therapeutics and vaccines to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS.
Development of a novel chimeric blood-stage malaria vaccine
Authors:   , Alaro James Randiak , Burns James M.
Published: July 2021

An efficacious malaria vaccine remains elusive despite the concerted efforts. Using murine model, Plasmodium yoelii, we previously reported that immunization with the C-terminal 19 kDa domain of merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP119) fused to the conserved and immunogenic MSP8 protected against lethal P. yoelii, well beyond that achieved by single or combined immunizations with the component antigens. Further characterization of the vaccine-induced responses revealed that rPyMSP1/8 vaccine elicited an MSP8-restricted T cell response that was sufficient to provide help for both PyMSP119 and PyMSP8 specific B cells to produce high and sustained levels of protective antibodies. Unexpectedly, rPyMSP1/8 vaccine-induced antibody responses were not boosted by exposure to lethal P. yoelii infected RBCs. However, r PyMSP1/8-immunized and infected mice mounted robust responses to a diverse set of blood-stage antigens. The data support further development of an MSP1/8 vaccine but also suggest that vaccines that prime for responses to a diverse set of parasite proteins will be required to maximize efficacy. Distinct from PyMSP8, PfMSP8 contains an additional N-terminal asparagine and aspartic acid (Asn/Asp)-rich domain whose function is unknown. To evaluate the potential of PfMSP8 as a fusion partner for PfMSP119, we produced two recombinant proteins; full-length PfMSP8 and a truncated version devoid of the Asn/Asp-rich domain, PfMSP8 (AAsn/Asp), based on the codon-harmonized sequence of P. falciparum (FVO). Both proteins induced strong and comparable T cell and antibody responses in mice and rabbits. Remarkably, all the T cell epitopes mapped within PIMSP8 ([delta]Asn/Asp). The Asn/Asp-rich domain contributed modestly to the overall antibody response and its removal did not alter the conformational integrity or immunogenicity of Pf MSP8. Analysis of PIMSP8 expression revealed that, unlike any other MSP, PfMSP8 is expressed early with a uniform distribution on the surface of rings and trophozoites. Surprisingly, PfMSP8 is exclusively localized inside, but not on the surface of merozoites. As such, antibodies against PfMSP8 failed to inhibit parasite growth in vitro. In anticipation of efficacy studies in non-human primates, we have successfully produced recombinant chimeric PfMSP 19 + PfMSP8 ([delta]Asn/Asp) and shown it to elicit high levels of antibodies against both MSP119 and MSP8 components in mice and rabbits.
Ni De Aqui, Ni De Alla
Authors:   , Almanzar Salina Mayloni
Published: July 2021

This study examines how Lancaster City's Latinx residents have carved out spaces for self-determination and expression in the arts. I examined how the Latinx community views their inclusion (or exclusion) in the burgeoning arts and culture sector of Lancaster City. This study revealed that the Latinx community believes that there is little Latinx representation in the mainstream arts and culture sector in Lancaster City despite the high concentration of Latinx. The history of segregation and discrimination in Lancaster City have impacted how the Latinx community conducts acts of placemaking and belonging. This study is the first to document ways in which the Latinx community have attempted to create spaces for expression since their arrival in Lancaster City. The study confirms that the Latinx community has a rich arts and culture sector of its own despite periodict loss of critical cultural resources over time. Research conducted in the study sparked exciting conversations about what inclusion and placemaking in the Latinx community looks like, what the Latinx community wants/needs, and tangible ideas for moving forward. [Latinx is a gender neutral term used in place of the traditional Latino or Latina. Latinx avoids the gender binary by using an 'x' instead of the gendered 'a' or 'o.' Usage of the term Latinx was a deliberate choice. Hispanic, a commonly used identifier and identifier used by the US Census, only includes countries who have been occupied by the Spanish. This usage excludes Brazil and some Caribbean countries. Latinx includes countries that are part of Latin America and the Caribbean without referencing the history of colonialism that can be offensive to individuals that identify as Latinx. Latinx is a more preferable term because it is more inclusive geographically and socially.]
Saturação por bases e doses de fósforo na produção de mudas de ipê rosa (Handroanthus impetiginosa)
Authors: Vieira Cristiane Ramos , Samara de Assis Carneiro Rayza
Published: July 2021

O ipê rosa (Handroanthus impetiginosa) é uma espécie arbórea nativa do Brasil usada na ornamentação e recomposição florestal. Para garantir que mudas de qualidade sejam utilizadas em qualquer finalidade, para a qual se emprega essa espécie, deve-se conhecer mais a respeito das suas exigências nutricionais. Diante disso, um experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a saturação por bases e diferentes níveis de fósforo (P) na produção de mudas do ipê rosa. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com nove tratamentos e cinco repetições: T0 (100% substrato comercial); T1 (V50% de saturação por bases); T2 (V60% de saturação por bases); T3 (V50% de saturação por bases + 50 kg ha-1 de P2O5); T4 (V50% de saturação por bases + 100 kg ha-1 de P2O5); T5 (V50% de saturação por bases + 150 kg ha-1 de P2O5); T6 (V60% de saturação por bases + 50 kg ha-1 de P2O5); T7 (V60% de saturação por bases + 100 kg ha-1 de P2O5); T8 (V60% de saturação por bases + 150 kg ha-1 de P2O5). As características morfológicas foram avaliadas ao final de 90 dias. A saturação por bases e a adubação fosfatada não influenciaram no crescimento em altura e em diâmetro das mudas de H. impetiginosa, porém, influenciaram na produção de massa seca. Dessa forma, recomenda-se, para a produção de mudas de H. impetiginosa, a preparação do substrato sendo: solo com V60% de saturação por bases + 150 kg ha-1 de P2O5.

 

Palavras-chave: Ipê rosa, calagem, fosfatagem, nutrição de plantas, viveiro.

 

Abstract

The pink ipe (Handroanthus impetiginosa) is a tree species native to Brazil that is used in forest ornamentation and restoration. To ensure that quality seedlings are used for any purpose, for which this species is used, it is necessary to know more about nutritional requirements. Therefore, an experiment was developed to evaluate base saturation and different phosphorus (P) levels in the pink ipe seedlings production. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with nine treatments and five replications: T0 (100% commercial substrate); T1  (V50% of base saturation); T2 (V60% of base saturation); T3 (V50% of base saturation + 50 kg ha-1 of P2O5) ; T4 (V50% of base saturation + 100 kg ha-1 of P2O5); T5 (V50% of base saturation + 150 kg ha-1 of P2O5); T6 (V60% of base saturation + 50 kg ha-1 of P2O5); T7 (V60% of base saturation + 100 kg ha-1 of P2O5); T8 (V60% of base saturation + 150 kg ha-1 P2O5). Morphological characteristics of the plants were evaluated after 90 days. Base saturation and phosphate fertilization did not influence H. impetiginosa seedling height and diameter growth but influenced dry mass production. Thus, for the H. impetiginosa seedlings production, substrate preparation: soil with V60% of base saturation + 150 kg ha-1 of P2O5 is recommended.

 

Keywords: Pink ipe, liming, phosphating, plant nutrition, nursery.
Probióticos no Controle da Pré-Diabetes e Diabetes Tipo 2
Authors: Barros Yasmin Carla de , Nobre Costa Giselle Aparecida , Sivieri Katia
Published: July 2021

Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), o Diabetes Mellitus (DM) é uma doença grave e crônica, que ocorre quando o pâncreas não produz insulina suficiente, ou quando o corpo não é capaz de utilizar efetivamente a insulina produzida. A pré-diabetes pode ser observada em uma classe de indivíduos, nos quais há um aumento dos níveis de glicose no sangue acima do normal e abaixo do diagnóstico de DM. Dados da Federação Internacional do Diabetes (IDF) e da Associação Americana de Diabetes (ADA) têm apontado para um grande aumento da prevalência da pré-diabetes e, consequentemente, de DM no Mundo. Esse aumento da prevalência do diabetes está associado aos diversos fatores, principalmente, aos fatores nutricionais, sedentarismo e a obesidade/sobrepeso. Esses distúrbios metabólicos são caracterizados por resistência à insulina e deficiência dessa. Estudos indicam que a microbiota intestinal desempenha um importante papel na fisiopatologia da obesidade e, consequentemente, da pré-diabetes através de seus efeitos sobre o controle do peso corporal, balanço energético e inflamação. Nesse contexto, a ingestão de probióticos vem mostrando efeitos positivos na modulação da microbiota intestinal e consequente controle da pré-diabetes e diabetes.
Palavras-chave: Diabetes. Pré-Diabetes. Obesidade. Microbiota Intestinal.
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a serious and chronic disease, which occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or when the body is not able to effectively use the insulin produced. Prediabetes can be seen in a class of individuals in whom there is an increase in blood glucose levels above normal and below the DM diagnosis. Data from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the American Diabetes Association (ADA) have pointed to a great increase in the pre-diabetes prevalence and consequently of DM in the world. This increase in diabetes prevalence is associated with several factors, mainly nutritional factors, physical inactivity and obesity / overweight. These metabolic disorders are characterized by insulin resistance and insulin deficiency. Studies indicate that the intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the obesity pathophysiology and consequently prediabetes through its effects on body weight control, energy balance and inflammation. In this context, the probiotics intake has been showing positive effects in the modulation of the intestinal microbiota and consequent pre-diabetes and diabetes management.
Keywords: Diabetes. Prediabetes. Obesity. Intestinal Microbiota.
La enseñanza de ciencias por indagación y el diseño ingenieril en educación primaria
Authors: Perez Silvana , Meneses Villagrá Jesus Ángel
Published: July 2021

Aunque existen investigaciones acerca de cómo aplicar enfoques basados en la práctica científica e ingenieril en la educación primaria y secundaria, en los libros de texto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza pocas son las actividades didácticas que utilizan todas las etapas que caracterizan a estos enfoques. En este trabajo, se presenta una propuesta didáctica de la asignatura de Ciencias de la Naturaleza basada en la metodología de indagación y en el diseño ingenieril, desde la planificación de actividades secuenciadas, pasando por la aplicación y finalmente analizando en los estudiantes su evolución en el desarrollo de actitudes y emociones hacia las ciencias y habilidades científicas. El estudio se llevó a cabo en el cuarto curso de Educación Primaria durante el tercero trimestre del año lectivo 2018-2019. Fue posible percibir una evolución con respecto a las competencias científicas, limitada por el nivel de desarrollo cognitivo de los estudiantes participantes en la investigación.
Analogías propuestas por futuros maestros para la enseñanza de Biología: implicaciones en la formación inicial
Authors: Marcos-Merino José María , Esteban Gallego Rocío , Ochoa de Alda Jesús A. G.
Published: July 2021

Las analogías son potentes recursos que favorecen el aprendizaje activo. Sin embargo, la investigación en didáctica de las ciencias ha mostrado que la mayoría de los docentes en activo emplea pocas analogías o analogías inconsistentes. Este hecho podría tener su origen durante la formación de maestros, aunque es una línea de investigación aún por explorar. En este trabajo se presenta un estudio exploratorio en el que se analizan las analogías diseñadas por 231 maestros en formación, para una serie de contenidos biológicos impartidos a lo largo de Educación Primaria. La mayoría de los participantes no son capaces de plantear análogos apropiados, sobre todo para los blancos más abstractos como célula, respuesta inmune o impulso nervioso. Asimismo, se detecta confusión de las analogías con los ejemplos y las experiencias prácticas. En base a estos resultados, se concluye que la formación inicial proporcionada a los participantes no es suficiente para implementar analogías como recurso didáctico en Biología.
Enseñanza de las ciencias y problemas relevantes de la ciudadanía. Transferencia al aula.
Authors: Martín-Gámez Carolina
Published: July 2021

Es la reseña del libro. Cebrián, D., Franco-Mariscal, A.J., Lupión, T., Acebal, M.C., Blanco, A. (Coord.(2020). Enseñanza de las ciencias y problemas relevantes de la ciudadanía. Transferencia al aula. Barcelona: Graó.
The research of the processes of formation of porous non-ferrous metals
Authors:   Togliatti State University, Kovtunov A. I. , Semistenov D. A. ,   Srednevolzhsky Certification and Diagnostics Center “Delta”, Khokhlov Yu. Yu. ,   Togliatti State University, Myamin S. V. ,   Togliatti State University
Published: July 2021

Foamed metals are promising materials with a unique combination of mechanical and operational properties: low specific gravity, low thermal conductivity, ability to absorb acoustic and electromagnetic vibrations, and the ability to deform under a constant load. Currently, the most used methods for producing foamed aluminum and foamed magnesium are methods based on mixing gas or porophore into molten aluminum and forming a porous structure during the solidification of the aluminum melt. An alternative to this technology is the formation of a porous structure through the use of soluble granules that pre-fill the mold and after impregnating the granules with molten metal and solidifying the castings, they are leached. The work aims to determine the influence of casting modes and the size of granules on the depth of impregnation of granular filling with metal melt during the formation of porous aluminum castings. The authors proposed the technique for calculating the depth of impregnation of granular filling when producing castings of porous non-ferrous metals based on the calculation of melt cooling when moving along the thin-walled channel. The calculations made it possible to determine the depth of impregnation and establish the allowable wall thickness of the casting of porous aluminum, depending on the size of the granules used, the speed of the melt in a form, the mold temperature, and the temperature of molten aluminum. The study identified that to increase the depth of impregnation and obtain porous aluminum castings with thinner walls, it is advisable to increase the diameter of the salt granules and not the temperature and hydrodynamic modes of casting. The authors carried out calculations and identified the influence of the casting regimes and the diameter of the granules on the depth of mold impregnation to obtain porous castings from promising magnesium alloys.
THE PROBLEMS OF INTERPRETING CERTAIN SIGNS OF THE OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE ASPECTS OF THE COMPONENTS OF INCITEMENT TO SUICIDE (ARTICLE 110 OF THE RF CRIMINAL CODE): THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ANALYSIS
Authors:   Togliatti State University, Danilina N. Zh. , Angipova N. F. ,   Togliatti State University
Published: July 2021

Russia is among the top ten in terms of the number of suicides per capita. There are many reasons why a person decides to leave life. Often, it is the result of long-term problems and experiences that a person could not cope with. The reasons for suicide can also be the actions of other persons, including criminal ones classified by criminal law as incitement to suicide. The inaccuracy of the formulated disposition in the article on the incitement to suicide or attempted suicide (Article 110 of the RF Criminal Code) causes controversy in the scientific community and some difficulties in law enforcement. The paper studies the definition of individual objective and subjective signs of incitement to suicide and the search for ways to resolve them. The authors considered various positions of the authors of the interpretation of the concept of objective and subjective signs – a threat as a method of bringing to suicide, a form of guilt of such crime and analyzed the reasons for the contradictory judicial practice in their determination. The analysis allowed differentiating criminal liability of a person who committed a crime considering the principle of justice. The authors propose to amend the disposition of Article 110 of the RF Criminal Code by dividing into separate parts deliberate actions aimed at incitement to suicide and negligence and intent concerning the consequences; to add to the specified article a particularly classifying feature in the form of deliberate actions led to a suicide or attempted suicide of a minor and mentally defective person; to add to Article 163 of the RF Criminal Code (extortion) a particularly classifying feature in the form of serious consequences by negligence, including a suicide.
SPECIAL ASPECTS OF INTERRELATIONS, INTERACTION AND CONTRADICTIONS OF LEGAL LIABILITY IN SOME COUNTRIES RELATING TO THE ANGLO-SAXON SYSTEM
Authors:   Irkutsk Institute (branch) of All-Russian State University of Justice (RLA of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation), Kuzmin I. A.
Published: July 2021

The paper considers one of the understudied and controversial problems in the theory of law and branch legal sciences – the structural and substantive features of interrelations, interactions, and contradictions of legal liability in some countries related to the Anglo-Saxon law family (system). The purpose of this work is to provide general theoretical characteristics of specific properties of legal liability through the prism of internal and external signs of the Anglo-Saxon law system, based on regulatory sources, scientific works, materials of judicial practice, statistical, informational, and other empirical data. The author determines the objects, landmarks, and content of comparative law research of legal liability and proposes an author’s technique of primary immersion into the range of problems. The study identifies general and particular features of the legal liability system and its elements within the family of common law with an emphasis on the legislation and practice of Great Britain and the United States of America. The author analyzes the participation of official bodies (officials) in the creation, implementation, and interpretation of various measures of legal liability. The paper presents the legal positions of the European Court of Human Rights. The study considers and differentiates the substantive and procedural-legal, as well as public and private aspects of assigning liability in the countries of the law family under consideration. The author formulates the reasons underlying the interrelations, interactions, and contradictions of the legal liability systems in the respective states. The study reveals the tendency to the interpenetration of the Anglo-Saxon and Romano-Germanic law families affecting the qualitative indicators (grounds) of legal liability as a normative formation and protective means of law regulation. The author recommends studying the issue of using in the Russian Federation the positive experience of establishing and implementing liability in the countries of the Anglo-Saxon law system.
EXPERIMENTAL WORK ON THE FORMATION OF ENGINEERING COMPETENCE OF STUDENTS WITHIN THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF A SCHOOL
Authors:   Ulyanov Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University, Faritov A. T. , Shubovich V. G. ,   I.N. Ulyanov Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University
Published: July 2021

In the current rapidly changing environment, there is a significant shortage of highly qualified engineering personnel who can quickly respond to the demands of the labor market. The acceleration of scientific-technological progress and the increasing share of high technologies application in the industrial and non-industrial sectors of the economy create the need in the early engineering education of the younger generation taking the path of professional identity with the possibility of forming the engineering competence necessary in the future to perform tasks at a high level. The paper considers the educational environment that contributes to the effective process of formation of the students’ engineering competence. The study involved the seventh-grade students: the experimental (forty-six students) and control (forty-five students) groups. The experimental work consisted of three stages. The analysis of the effectiveness of the influence of the selected educational conditions on the results of maturity of the students’ engineering competence indicates a significant positive dynamics of the general level of engineering competence maturity in the experimental group. In the experimental group, the proportion of students with the high level increased from 13.04 % to 36.96 %; intermediate level students – from 34.78 % to 50.00 %; and the share of students with the low level decreased from 52.17 % to 13.04 %. The results of experimental work confirm the influence of identified educational conditions (the application of 3-D modeling and prototyping technologies within the educational process; implementation of project activity in the Engineering study field; organization of science partnership between a school and a higher education institution) on the efficiency of the process of formation of the students’ engineering competence.
ATTITUDE TOWARDS A CHILD AND THE FAMILY ROLE OF MOTHERS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDERS AND CHILDREN WITH SPEECH DISORDERS
Authors:   I. Ulyanov Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University, Bragina E. A. , Belozerova L. A. ,   I. Ulyanov Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University, Prokofyeva M. V. ,   Boarding school for students with disabilities No. 89,   Regional Resource Center for Comprehensive Support for Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders
Published: July 2021

The paper presents the results of a comparative study of the attitude towards a child and the family role of mothers of autistic children and children with speech disorders, obtained by the parental attitude (ORO) and parental attitudes (PARI) diagnostics. The study identified that mothers of children with disabilities had common features distinguishing them from mothers of neurotypical children: a more negative attitude towards the family role, the desire to limit extrafamilial influences, excessive emotional concentration on a child, emotional distance, and predominance of desire to accelerate child development over the desire to develop the activity of a child. Correlation analysis showed the reliable correlation between the indicators of ORO and PARI methods: between child acceptance and the optimal emotional contact, between the symbiosis and the attitude to the family role. Within the group of autistic children's mothers, the symbiosis indicator reliably correlated with signs of protecting a child and accelerating the development of a child. The study revealed a reliable correlation between the cooperation indicator and the optimal emotional contact only for groups of mothers of children with speech disorders and children with neurotypical development. In the group of autistic children mothers, the authors identified a negative correlation between the cooperation indicator and the indicators of emotional distance, emotional concentration, and attitude to the family role. In the same group, the tendency towards hypersocialization turned out to be the most profound correlation with the sign of mother’s dependency, the tendency to infantilize a child reliably positively correlated with the signs of will suppression, dependence on the family and reliably negatively correlated with the sign of equalizing relations. The study results became an important argument in favor of the need for specific correctional, and in many cases, psychotherapeutic help to mothers of autistic children and mothers of children with speech disorders. They confirm the facts available in the scientific literature and the new ones that revealed the specifics of their attitude towards the family role and a child.
THE PROBLEMS OF EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN REGIONAL LABOR MARKETS
Authors:   Togliatti State University, Krasnopevtseva I. V. , Krasnopevtsev A. Ju. ,   Togliatti State University
Published: July 2021

The labor market is a rather dynamic system. Any shifts in the economy change its behavior and balance level, which causes the changes firstly of such indicators as employment and unemployment. It is impossible to ensure the employment level necessary for the region without competent regulation of the processes taking place in the labor market, which requires its constant study. The analytical studies provide the amount of information necessary to make managerial decisions aimed at the improvement of sustainability of the labor market and elaboration of more accurate strategies for its development. The paper studies the employment and unemployment indicators in the labor markets of some constituent entities of the Volga Federal District. The authors carried out the analysis of changes in the number of the employed population in the Samara, Saratov, and Ulyanovsk regions over the last decade, determined the main reasons for both positive and negative dynamics. The study of gender, age, and educational structure of the employed population allowed identifying the common patterns of socio-demographic aspects of employment in all labor markets under consideration. The study revealed the presence of unemployment in these labor markets and the gap between the levels of general and registered, identified the reasons explaining this gap, highlighted the social and economic consequences of unemployment for society and the state. The study of the employment level by the economic activity types allowed identifying general employment patterns by the economic activity types in all regions under consideration. The authors considered the availability of vacancies in the examined labor markets within different types of economic activity and identified that the manufacturing industries of each region had the most vacancies. Based on the research, the authors concluded on many problems occurring in the labor markets and formulated recommendations to improve the balance of their functioning.
THE ANALYSIS OF THE SECTOR OF RETAIL LENDING OF RUSSIAN BANKS DURING THE PANDEMIC PERIOD OF 2020
Authors:   Samara University of Public Administration “International Market Institute”, Ramzaeva E. P. ,   Samara State University of Economics, Kravchenko O. V. ,   Samara University of Public Administration “International Market Institute”
Published: July 2021

Lending to the population is an essential part of the country’s economic system, its development in the global financial market. Due to the steady downward trend in economic growth and real incomes of the population, the spread of the coronavirus pandemic in the Russian Federation in 2020, the issue of fulfillment by the borrowers their obligations to banks became relevant. Many consumers of credit services were unable to fulfill their obligations in full and in due time, which led commercial banks to the most significant risk – credit one. The study considers the main aspects of the functioning of the Russian consumer lending market in the context of the lockdown of the global economy, analyzes the factors, which determined both the growth and contraction of the market under the pandemic influence. The study assessed the dynamic changes in key indicators determining the state of this economic sector in 2020. The authors analyzed the dynamics of granting retail credits and the dynamics of overdue debt. The paper considered the level of the debt burden of the population and the indicators of personal credit rating of borrowers – the main factors influencing the favorable decision on loan granting. Based on the study results, the authors conclude that the pandemic period did not cause severe damage to the retail lending sector. As the main trends of the current year, the study highlights toughening of the requirements on the part of commercial banks to borrowers, an increase in interest rates on credit products, and the improvement of payment discipline in the regions.
Potassium and Nitrogen Impacts on Survival and Development of Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Singh Gurjit , Waltz F.C. , Joseph Shimat V.
Published: July 2021

This study determined the effects of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) plant fertilizers on the survival and development of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on ‘TifEagle’ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L) Pers. x C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy]. The treatments were various ratios of N:K: (1) 0:0, (2) 1:0, (3) 2:1, (4) 1:1, (5) 0:1, and (6) 1:2, where 1 = 113.4 g N or K per 92.3 m2. Treatments were applied from May to October in 2018 and 2019 at biweekly intervals via foliar spraying. Neonates of S. frugiperda were introduced to treated plants under laboratory conditions. In 2018, survival was significantly lower in the 0:1, 1:2, 1:0, and 0:0 treatments than in the 2:1 and 1:1 treatments at 10 d and 24 d postintroduction; whereas, in 2019, survival was significantly lower in the 0:0 treatment than in the other treatments at 10 d and 24 d postintroduction. Development of S. frugiperda larvae was significantly faster in the 2:1 treatment than in the 1:1 treatment in both years. Our data indicate that N favors and K discourages the growth and development of S. frugiperda larvae on bermudagrass.
Morphology and Distribution of Antennal Sensilla of the Predatory Clerid Beetle, Thanasimus substriatus (Coleoptera: Cleridae)
Authors: Zhang Jian , Cheng Bin , Fu Libo , Sun Shouhui
Published: July 2021

Thanasimus substriatus (Gebler) (Coleoptera: Cleridae) is an important predator of bark beetles (Scolytidae) and has been used in China for the biological control of the larch bark beetle, Ips subelongatus Motschulsky, and the spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus L. In this study, the number, external morphology, and distribution of antennal sensilla of T. substriatus were determined using scanning electron microscopy. The capitate antennae of both sexes consist of the scape, pedicel, and 9 flagellomeres. Two types of sensilla chaetica (SC1 and SC2), 2 types of sensilla trichodea (ST1 and ST2), 3 types of sensilla basiconica (SB1, SB2, SB3), and Böhm's bristles (BB) were identified according to the morphology and fine structure of each type of sensilla in both sexes. No differences in shape, structure, sensilla distribution, and typology were observed between the sexes. The density of sensilla was greater on the last 3 than on the first 8 segments. SC1 and SC2 occurred on all antennal segments in both sexes. SB1 were located only on the last 5 segments of the antennae. SB2 and SB3 were found only on the last 3 segments of the antennae and were absent on the first 8 segments in both sexes. ST1 and ST2 were absent from the scape and pedicel. BB only occurred on the scape and pedicel. The distal antennal sensilla of T. substriatus had notably more sensilla than proximal ones in type and number, indicating this is the main area to detect environmental stimuli for feeding or oviposition.
Sexual dysfunction among women of reproductive age: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alidost Farzane , Pakzad Reza , Dolatian Mahrokh , Abdi Fatemeh
Published: July 2021

Background: Available statistics show a high prevalence of sexual dysfunction (SD) among women worldwide. Various factors affect SD among women of reproductive age.
Objectives: To evaluate studies on the prevalence and determinants of SD in different parts of the world.
Materials and Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus and ProQuest databases were systematically reviewed during 2000–2019. All original articles were reviewed. The STROBE checklist was used to evaluate the quality of the papers. I2 was calculated to determine heterogeneity. Fixed effects and/or random-effects models were applied to estimate the pooled prevalence. Meta-regression analysis was also performed to identify the sources of heterogeneity.
Results: Based on the results of the meta-analysis (21 eligible studies), the pooled prevalence with 95% confidence interval of SD was estimated at 50.75% (41.73–59.78). The prevalence of pain and disorders in arousal, sexual desire, lubrication, orgasm, and sexual satisfaction were calculated (39.08%, 48.21%, 50.70%, 37.60%, 40.16%, and 35.02%, respectively). Also, age, depression, low education level, increased duration of the marriage, and the presence of chronic diseases were the highest risk factors for SD.
Conclusion: The prevalence of SD in women of reproductive age varies in different countries. Considering the importance of female SD, further studies are needed to facilitate the development of relevant educational interventions.
Key words: Sexual dysfunction, Women, Reproductive age.
The effect of topical endometrial scratching on pregnancy outcome in women with previous failure of intrauterine insemination: A non-randomized clinical trial
Authors: Farzaneh Farahnaz , Khastehfekr Farzaneh
Published: July 2021

Background: The prevalence of infertility is increasing worldwide and the treatment is one of the important issues.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of local endometrial scratching on pregnancy outcomes in women with previous failure of intrauterine insemination.
Materials and Methods: This non-randomized clinical trial study was performed on 336 women referred to the infertility clinic of Ali ebn-e Abitaleb Hospital of Zahedan (between May and November 2019). Women were divided into two groups: endometrial scratch as case and a control group. In the case group (n = 173), endometrial scratching was performed on days 8–9 of the menstrual cycle in addition to routine infertility treatments, while in the control group (n = 163), only routine treatment was performed. Chi-square test was used to compare the frequency of male factor severity and the percentage of successful pregnancies between both groups and was used to investigate the effect of male factor on the fertility rate in each group (moderate male factor and mild male factor).
Results: The mean age of the women was 28.4 ± 5.2 yr. The success rate of pregnancy in the case group was 12.3% and in the control group 11%, which were not statistically significant (p = 0.697).
Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study showed that endometrial scratching had no effect on the pregnancy rate.
Key words: Infertility, Endometrial, Scratch, Insemination.
Effectiveness of Human Resource Practices among Printing Press Organizations in Sivakasi
Authors: Raman R Kasi , N Manikandan
Published: July 2021

The research was entitled as “Effectiveness of Human Resource Practices among Printing Press Organizations in Sivakasi”, reveals the importance of existing human resource practices followed in the organizations. The study analyses the various areas of human resource management in the organization such as recruitment and selection, training and development, performance appraisal, compensation policy and remuneration, motivation and welfare measures, and Industrial relations. The study examines the application of Human resource practices within the areas of the organization. The study confronts the functions and role of HR executives in focus with recruitment and selection of manpower and also training & development for the workforce. The research methodology was carried out in a survey cross-sectional applied to 350 respondents. Result of research showed that negative correlation between the performance appraisal and compensation. The findings revealed that the Human resource practices are the most important indicators in determining the growth of Printing Press organizations in Sivakasi.
Kepemimpinan Kewirausahaan Pondok Pesantren dari Sisi Perempuan
Authors: Assagaf Romadhon , Khodijah Nyayu , Nazarudin Mgs
Published: July 2021

Artikel ini membahas tentang kepemimpinan perempuan dalam meningkatkan kewirausahaan di Pondok Pesantren Modern Darussalam Prabumulih. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat karakteristik kepemimpinan yang dikembangkan di Pondok Pesantren Modern Darussalam Prabumulih dalam meningkatkan kewirausahaan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Pemilihan infoman dengan teknik purposive sampling dan teknik snowball sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kriteria kepemimpinan perempuan melalui kewirausahaan ditunjukkan melalui kemampuan mengantisipasi perubahan, mengembangkan visi, dan strategi. Kemampuan mengantisipasi perubahan yang dilakukan antara lain meneliti setiap perubahan yang terjadi, mengembangkan alternatif, melaksanakan evaluasi dan melaksanakan tindakan Monitoring. Kemampuan mengembangkan visi yang dilakukan antara lain fokus pada tujuan organisasi, mengembangkan visi bagi masa depan organisasi, dan selalu mengetahui perubahan kebutuhan pelanggan. Sedangkan, kemampuan memiliki strategi berupa formulasi atau perencanaan, implementasi atau tindakan, dan tahap evaluasi. Untuk meningkatkan kegiatan kewirausahaan perlu dilakukan secara berkesinambungan oleh pimpinan maupun pengurus kewirausahaan. Kerjasama tim dan komunikasi menjadi kunci utama terlaksananya program kegiatan kewirausahaan.
Features of the use of hydrogen in railway transport: the choice of the aggregate state and methods of equipping the locomotive with hydrogen
Authors:   Joint Stock Company “Research and Development Institute of Rolling Stock” (JSC “VNIKTI”),, BABKOV Yuri V. , KOTYAEV Dmitry V. ,   Joint Stock Company “Research and Development Institute of Rolling Stock” (JSC “VNIKTI”), VORONKOV Andrey G. ,   Joint Stock Company “Research and Development Institute of Rolling Stock” (JSC “VNIKTI”)
Published: July 2021

Objective: The article discusses the possibility of using hydrogen as a motor fuel for locomotives. Methods: The advantages and disadvantages of various types of the aggregate state of hydrogen for use as fuel are analyzed, as well as options for placing hydrogen fuel on board locomotives. Results: Possible ways of equipping locomotives with a supply of hydrogen fuel have been determined. Prac- tical importance: The use of hydrogen as a vehicle fuel is environmentally friendly. Considering op- tions for its application allows us to identify trends in the introduction of this fuel in the railway transport of Russia
Subway car electric drive layout
Authors:   Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University, SHLENDOV Igor’ A.
Published: July 2021

Objective: Analysis of various layouts of the electric drive of wheelsets and the control traction con- verter on transistor modules. Methods: The assessment and comparison of the layout solutions of asynchronous electric drives with one inverter supplying two or four traction motors is carried out. A mathematical analysis of the influence of the difference in the diameters of wheelsets leading to an inequality of traction forces and causing sliding has been carried out. Results: It was revealed that the use of the layout one inverter — four asynchronous motors is the least efficient and leads to a greater extent to negative consequences during the operation of wheelsets. Practical importance: The use of an electric drive scheme for subway cars with one inverter feeding two traction motors is substantiated, which leads to a more even distribution of traction and braking forces and significantly reduces the risk of slipping and skidding. Thus, the wear of wheelsets and the rest of the kinematic chain is reduced and the resource of their nodes and elements increases to a large extent
Innovative solutions in transformer theory
Authors:   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Shakyrov Mansur A. , Tkachuk Anton A. ,   Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University
Published: July 2021

Objective: Clarification of the reasons for errors in the traditional transformer theory and ways of correcting it based on more accurate physical and mathematical equations for describing the pro- cesses of energy transfer in a transformer using the Poynting vector. Demonstrating a new principle of operation and the resulting new properties of the transformer. Methods: The study applies transi- tion from analytical modeling of the device behavior to its equivalent circuit displaying the magnetic fluxes of the transformer. The specific feature of this approach is that at first it is applied to an ideali- zed transformer with infinite magnetic permeability of steel, after which the circuit is built up with elements that take into account saturation and losses in the steel of a real device. Results: The con- tradictions and paradoxes of the standard theory have been revealed. The findings have shown the need to replace it with a doctrine based on equations for real, measurable magnetic fluxes instead of virtual (contrived) fluxes of the official theory. The correctness and significance of the proposed theo- ry is confirmed by the discovery of new properties of transformers and the capability of using it to explain the magnetic overexcitation of individual sections of the transformer in emergency modes. Practical importance: Conditions are provided, and ways are outlined for creating correct textbooks instead of standard ones with outdated ideas about physical processes in transformers. A deeper insight into the operation of transformers resulting from the new theory should contribute to the improvement of methods for increasing their electrodynamic withstand