bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract ED03-01: Using electronic health data in “real-world” studies: Examples and opportunities in the HMO Cancer Research Network
Authors: Doria-Rose Vincent Paul , Mazor Katherine
Published: May 2019

The HMO Cancer Research Network (CRN) is a National Cancer Institute-funded initiative to support and facilitate collaborative cancer research within non-profit integrated health care delivery systems. The CRN has several characteristics that result collectively in a unique, unparalleled resource for epidemiologic and health services research in cancer. These include scientists with expertise in conducting public-domain cancer research in these settings; defined populations with a combined membership of approximately 8.5 million individuals within 9 different integrated health care delivery systems; clinical and administrative data systems that capture most aspects of care; development and implementation of common data models in the Virtual Data Warehouse (VDW) to facilitate collaborative and multi-institutional research; and access to clinicians and administrators to facilitate translation of research findings to practice. The VDW includes demographic, utilization, diagnostic, procedure, and pharmacy data which can be used to study cancer epidemiology, cost effectiveness, practice patterns and more. Investigators can propose collaborative research projects via the CRN website (http://crn.cancer.gov/). The presentation will include examples of recent CRN-based research studies highlighting both study design and practical issues in conducting studies using electronic data from multiple sources. Strategies for successful collaborative research within and beyond the CRN will be discussed. Supported by U24 CA171524.

Citation Format: Vincent Paul Doria-Rose, Katherine Mazor. Using electronic health data in “real-world” studies: Examples and opportunities in the HMO Cancer Research Network. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr ED03-01.
Abstract ED04-01: Untargeted metabolite profiling as a powerful new tool in the armamentarium of cancer researchers
Authors: Gross Steven S. , Chen Qiuying
Published: May 2019

Metabolomics, or global metabolite profiling, hails the lofty goal of establishing the identity and levels of all metabolites in a biological system, under a defined set of circumstances. A convergence of enabling technologies has recently made broad metabolite profiling a reality, providing a powerful new tool for defining disease mechanisms, identifying disease biomarkers and evaluating the efficacy of therapies. This overall goal of this educational session is to describe how global metabolite profiling technologies are being used to develop a systems-wide understanding of cancer cell metabolism and to discover the molecular basis for cancer chemopreventative drug therapies.

Citation Format: Steven S. Gross, Qiuying Chen. Untargeted metabolite profiling as a powerful new tool in the armamentarium of cancer researchers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr ED04-01.
Abstract FO02-02: Risk-based breast cancer screening
Authors: Kerlikowske Karla M.
Published: May 2019

Breast cancer screening guidelines are primarily based on age. The discussion and science is changing focus from what age to start screening mammography to how best to identify women most likely to benefit from screening mammography, such as those at increased risk of breast cancer and advanced stage disease. The Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) and Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network (CISNET) are evaluating risk-based screening approaches aimed at maximizing the benefit of screening and minimizing the harms. This session will discuss how risk-based screening could maximize the potential benefits of screening by identifying and screening women at high risk of breast cancer and minimize the potential harms of screening by identifying women at low risk of breast cancer that could begin screening at a later age and/or be screened less often.

Citation Format: Karla M. Kerlikowske. Risk-based breast cancer screening. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr FO02-02.
Abstract PL01-01: The clinical and biologic effects of tobacco on cancer treatment
Authors: Warren Graham W.
Published: May 2019

Smoking and tobacco use are well-established risk factors for the development of cancer as well as other adverse health conditions. Whereas substantial work has been done to elucidate cancer risks from smoking as well as biologic mechanisms of tobacco induced carcinogenesis, proportionately little work has been done to understand the clinical and biologic effects of continued tobacco use after a cancer diagnosis. Tobacco use leads to the development of tumors that are usually diagnosed at a more advanced stage. A history of tobacco use may also lead to tumors that do not respond as well to conventional cancer treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. However, current smoking at the time of diagnosis or during cancer treatment appears to confer a worse prognosis in cancer patients by increasing cancer treatment toxicity, recurrence, risk for developing a second primary cancer, and overall mortality. The adverse effects of smoking are further noted across both tobacco related and non-tobacco related cancers. This talk will review the effects of smoking on outcomes in cancer patients and will begin to discuss how tobacco products may alter cancer biology by promoting a more aggressive tumor phenotype. Importantly, data suggest that the adverse effects of current smoking on cancer treatment outcomes may be reversible. The implications of tobacco as a potentially reversible systemic agent that can affect cancer biology and treatment will be discussed.

Citation Format: Graham W. Warren. The clinical and biologic effects of tobacco on cancer treatment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr PL01-01.
Abstract PL02-01: Childhood cancer: Effects of genetic susceptibility and exposures to environmental agents
Authors: Wiemels Joseph L.
Published: May 2019

Childhood cancers tend to be relatively simple in tumor genetic and epigenetic terms, reflecting their short latency of formation their identity as a misappropriation of normal tissue developmental growth pathways. The relatively few identified genetic susceptibility alleles are concentrated in developmental transcription factors and cell cycle genes, and tumor genetic and epigenetic changes tend to disrupt the same genes as found in genome-wide association studies. We will focus our discussion on the most frequent and the most studied childhood cancer, childhood leukemia, and on these topics: (i) the role of fetal tumor genetic and epigenetic alterations in identification of specific risk factors affecting in time windows of development (ii) the role of immune development and infection in cancer induction, and (iii) the impact of genetic variants that induce susceptibility to subtypes of cancer in specific populations.

The only bona fide causes of childhood leukemia are ionizing radiation and certain genetic predisposition and susceptibility alleles. Current progress in defining unrecognized causal pathways is being made by defining cancer in cytogenetic and epigenetic terms. As an example, chemical carcinogens (cigarette smoke, paints, solvents) are linked to leukemias with t(12;21) TEL-AML1 translocations, which have a prenatal origin. In genetic susceptibility terms, specific alleles (ARID5B, PIP4K2A) are associated leukemia with high hyperdiploidy.

While leukemia has long been linked to exposure to infectious agents, our current understanding implicates an interaction between immune development and response to early infections. We will present data showing that children who contract leukemia may be born with a congenital immune defect causing them to react to infections more strongly, resulting in damage to hematopoietic precursors and increased leukemia risk. Recognition of such immune defects, combined with identification of preleukemic mutations and genetic susceptibility markers, provides a likely roadmap for future efforts at early detection or risk stratification. Such an approach can lead to prevention efforts, which might involve immunologic modifications for risk reduction along with screening for appropriate genetic and epigenetic mutations.

Citation Format: Joseph L. Wiemels. Childhood cancer: Effects of genetic susceptibility and exposures to environmental agents. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr PL02-01.
Abstract PL05-04: Tumor biomarker discovery for aspirin chemoprevention by molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) approach
Authors: Ogino Shuji
Published: May 2019

Regular use of aspirin reduces incidence and mortality of various cancers. Experimental and clinical studies support a carcinogenic role of PTGS2 (cyclooxygenase-2), which is a mediator of inflammation, and a target of aspirin. Recent research using “Molecular Pathological Epidemiology (MPE)” approach (Ogino et al. J Natl Cancer Inst 2010; Chia et al. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2012; Spitz et al. Cancer Discovery 2012, etc.) has shown that aspirin use is associated with better clinical outcome in PIK3CA-mutated colorectal carcinoma, suggesting somatic PIK3CA mutation as a molecular biomarker that predicts response to aspirin (Liao et al. NEJM 2012). Furthermore, aspirin use appears to decrease risk of BRAF-wild-type colorectal cancer, but not risk of BRAF-mutated subtype (Nishihara et al. JAMA 2013), suggesting that individuals who are susceptible to BRAF-wild-type colorectal cancer may derive benefit from aspirin use. Interestingly, the findings on aspirin use and molecular markers (BRAF and PIK3CA) in relation to cancer incidence and mortality appear to be inconsistent, but this may reflect changes in the tumor microenvironment during progression of neoplasia. Although there are currently not many cohorts that can replicate these intriguing findings, it is increasingly possible to design MPE database worldwide using routine molecular testing data, as molecular pathology testing is becoming routine clinical practice. In order to test chemopreventive effects of a number of anti-inflammatory drugs and their complex interactions, it is essential to build large-scale population-based databases including medication use, lifestyle factors, tumor tissue molecular pathology, and clinical outcome. Such databases can generate novel information on potential chemopreventive benefits of drugs, which can be further tested by experimental models and clinical trials.

Citation Format: Shuji Ogino. Tumor biomarker discovery for aspirin chemoprevention by molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) approach. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr PL05-04.
Abstract PR03: Frizzled 9 expression is a potential marker of response to iloprost chemoprevention of lung cancer
Authors: Tennis Meredith , Nield Lori , Merrick Dan , Keith Robert
Published: May 2019

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death in the United States and chemoprevention offers an appealing area of investigation in the face of limited therapeutic success. We recently demonstrated improvement in endobronchial histology in former smokers after oral iloprost treatment. Of the 48 patients who received iloprost in the chemoprevention trial, 23 had regressive histology and 25 had stable or progressive histology. Identifying markers that predict response to treatment will refine target populations for future trials and clinical applications. In vitro studies of NSCLC indicate that iloprost, a prostacyclin analogue, acts through the G-protein coupled receptor Frizzled 9 (Fzd9) instead of the prostacyclin receptor. We hypothesize that Fzd9 expression status predicts response to iloprost chemoprevention and that expression is modified by promoter hypermethylation. Patients who have lost Fzd9 expression will not respond to iloprost treatment. If Fzd9 is lost by methylation, a demethylating agent could restore Fzd9 expression and sensitivity to iloprost chemoprevention. In a urethane A/J mouse model of lung cancer, Fzd9 mRNA expression is reduced in lung tumors compared to matched, uninvolved lung tissue. Human lung tumors demonstrated reduced Fzd9 mRNA expression compared to matched normal lung tissue. Fzd9 expression is also decreased in human primary dysplastic cell lines, suggesting that loss of Fzd9 expression occurs early in lung tumorigenesis. Non-transforming lung epithelial cell lines (B2B or HBEC) were treated for four weeks with 1% cigarette smoke condensate. B2B cells were treated with the tobacco carcinogen NNK (10μM) for 2 hours. Both treatment conditions resulted in reduced Fzd9 mRNA expression measured by qPCR. Future work will assess Fzd9 expression in an in vitro chemoprevention and smoking model, in tissues from additional mouse models of lung cancer, and in tissues from chemoprevention trials. These initial studies suggest that Fzd9 expression is lost in early smoking-induced lesions. This study has the potential to improve iloprost lung cancer chemoprevention by allowing future trials to more effectively target high-risk patients and by providing a clinical biomarker for identification of chemoprevention candidates.

This abstract is also presented as Poster A29.

Citation Format: Meredith Tennis, Lori Nield, Dan Merrick, Robert Keith. Frizzled 9 expression is a potential marker of response to iloprost chemoprevention of lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr PR03.
Abstract PR04: Exogenous estrogen as a mediator of racial differences in insulin-like growth factor-I levels among postmenopausal women
Authors: Jung Su Yon , Hays-Grudo Jennifer , Paskett Electra , Hursting Stephen D. , Fenton Jenifer , Pollak Michael , Vitolins Mara , Chang Shine
Published: May 2019

Purpose: The role of exogenous estrogen use in explaining racial/ethnic differences in insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels in relation to cancer risk is not clear. We investigated whether the relationship between race and circulating bioactive IGF-I proteins is mediated by exogenous estrogen and the extent to which exogenous estrogen explained the race–IGF-I relationship in postmenopausal women.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 636 white and 133 black postmenopausal women enrolled in an ancillary study of the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study between February 1995 and July 1998. The race–IGF-I relationship was analyzed using ordinal regression, and quartiles of molar ratios of IGF-I/IGF binding protein-3 were used as a proxy of bioactive IGF-I outcomes. To assess exogenous estrogen as a mediator of the race–IGF-I relationship, we used the Baron-Kenny method and an estimation of the proportional change in the odds ratios for race on IGF-I levels plus a bootstrapping test for the significance of the mediation effect.

Results: Compared with white women, black women were more likely to have high IGF-I levels and less likely to use exogenous estrogen. After accounting for race, estrogen nonusers had higher IGF-I levels than estrogen users did. When women were stratified by oral contraceptive (OC) ever use, among OC ever users, exogenous estrogen showed a strong mediation effect (67%; P=0.018) in the race–IGF-I relationship. Moreover, when women were classified by a history of hypertension, the IGF-I levels of women with a history of hypertension were higher than those of women with no history of hypertension. Of the women with a history of hypertension, exogenous estrogen explained differences in IGF-I levels between white and black women to a modest degree (23%; P=0.029).

Conclusions: Exogenous estrogen use has a potentially important role in racial/ethnic disparities in cancer risk among postmenopausal women.

This abstract is also presented as Poster A38.

Citation Format: Su Yon Jung, Jennifer Hays-Grudo, Electra Paskett, Stephen D. Hursting, Jenifer Fenton, Michael Pollak, Mara Vitolins, Shine Chang. Exogenous estrogen as a mediator of racial differences in insulin-like growth factor-I levels among postmenopausal women. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr PR04.
Abstract PR07: Body size and multiple myeloma mortality: A pooled analysis of 20 prospective studies
Authors: Teras Lauren R. , Kitahara Cari M. , Birmann Brenda M. , Hartge Patricia A. , Wang Sophia S. , Patel Alpa V. , Robien Kim , Adami Hans-Olov , Weiderpass Elisabete , Giles Graham G. , Gapstur Susan M. , González Amy Berrington de , Purdue Mark
Published: May 2019

Multiple myeloma is a rare but highly fatal hematologic malignancy. Excess weight may be associated with this cancer, but several unresolved questions remain regarding timing and location of body weight in relation to multiple myeloma risk. To better understand these relationships, we conducted a pooled analysis of multiple myeloma mortality using 1.5 million participants from 20 prospective cohorts in the National Cancer Institute Cohort Consortium. Among cohort participants, the median baseline body mass index (BMI) was 25.6 and 21.0 kg/m2 at cohort entry and early adulthood, respectively, and the median waist circumference at cohort entry was 88 cm. During follow-up (10 years on average), we documented 1,388 multiple myeloma deaths. Using proportional hazards regression we calculated pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) overall and by sex. We observed associations with elevated multiple myeloma mortality for higher BMI at cohort entry (HR 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03-1.16 per 5kg/m2), early-adult BMI (HR=1.12, 95% CI: 0.97-1.30 per 5kg/m2), and waist circumference at cohort entry (HR= 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02-1.10 per 5cm) for men and women combined. These results were slightly stronger for women but the differences were not statistically significant. Mutual adjustment for each of the body size measures yielded similar results. Individuals who were the heaviest both in early adulthood (BMI 25+) and at cohort entry (BMI 30+) had the greatest risk of myeloma mortality compared to those with BMI 18.5-<25 at both time points (HR=1.71, 95% CI: 1.18-2.49). Waist-to-hip ratio and height were not significantly associated with multiple myeloma mortality. These observations suggest that both overall and central obesity play a role in myeloma mortality, and that maintaining a higher body weight throughout adulthood confers the highest risk of death from this cancer.

This abstract is also presented as Poster B47.

Citation Format: Lauren R. Teras, Cari M. Kitahara, Brenda M. Birmann, Patricia A. Hartge, Sophia S. Wang, Alpa V. Patel, Kim Robien, Hans-Olov Adami, Elisabete Weiderpass, Graham G. Giles, Susan M. Gapstur, Amy Berrington de González, Mark Purdue, on behalf of the Cohort Consortium Pooling Project on BMI and Mortality. Body size and multiple myeloma mortality: A pooled analysis of 20 prospective studies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr PR07.
Abstract SS02-01: Nature and epidemiology of e-cigarettes
Authors: Leischow Scott J.
Published: May 2019

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS, or e-cigarettes) are devices that deliver nicotine in a way that mimics to some extent the look and feel of tobacco cigarettes, but do not include any tobacco. They were created by an engineer in China, and typically include a battery, heating element, nicotine, medium for carrying nicotine molecules into the mouth once heated (eg propylene glycol) and sometimes flavoring. In the US, a court case declared that ENDS products should be considered ‘tobacco’ from a regulatory perspective, and they will eventually be regulated by the US FDA under its authority to regulate tobacco products. In the meantime, they are being sold extensively in convenience stores and the internet, and social media has increased awareness and use of the products. Sales of e-cigarettes have become a multi-billion dollar industry, and financial analysts anticipate that sales will continue to expand depending on regulatory decisions.

E-cigarettes are controversial for several reasons. They are used in much the same way as a cigarette (puffed), and the user exhales a vapor that looks like smoke. Thus, some in public health are concerned that they could become a ‘gateway’ to use of tobacco cigarettes. Moreover, there is concern that youth will begin using the products given the easy access to them, become addicted, and perhaps eventually switch to tobacco cigarettes. However, even though some studies have found toxic substances in some brands of e-cigarettes, use by both and adults continues to increase dramatically. Several studies have suggested that most adults use e-cigarettes to help them to quit smoking, so there is both promise and risk from these unique nicotine delivery systems.

In this presentation, an overview of how e-cigarettes work will be presented, and surveillance data (including on social media) will be presented that demonstrates the rapid increase in use that has occurred in the US. This presentation will provide a primer on e-cigarettes to serve as a background for the papers and discussion that will come after it.

Citation Format: Scott J. Leischow. Nature and epidemiology of e-cigarettes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr SS02-01.
Pentraxin 3 in Noninvasively Obtained Cervical Fluid Samples from Pregnancies Complicated by Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes
Authors: Janku Petr , Kacerovsky Marian , Zednikova Barbora , Andrys Ctirad , Kolackova Martina , Drahosova Marcela , Pliskova Lenka , Zemlickova Helena , Gerychova Romana , Simetka Ondrej , Matlak Petr , Jacobsson Bo , Musilova Ivana
Published: May 2019

Problem: To determine the changes of pentraxin 3 (PTX3) level in noninvasively obtained cervical fluid samples from women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) based on the presence of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) and/or intra-amniotic inflammation (IAI), and intra-amniotic infection (the presence of both MIAC and IAI). Methods of Study: A total of 160 women with PPROM were included. Cervical fluid samples were obtained using a Dacron polyester swab and amniotic fluid samples were obtained by transabdominal amniocentesis. Cervical fluid PTX3 levels were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: PTX3 was found in all the cervical fluid samples and its levels were higher in women with MIAC, IAI, and intra-amniotic infection than in women without these conditions. When the women were categorized into four subgroups based on the presence of MIAC and/or IAI, women with intra-amniotic infection had higher cervical fluid PTX3 levels than those with sterile IAI (IAI alone), colonization (MIAC alone), or no MIAC or IAI. A cervical fluid PTX3 level of 11 ng/mL was the best value for identifying the presence of intra-amniotic infection in women with PPROM. Conclusions: PTX3 is a constituent of cervical fluid of women with PPROM. Cervical fluid PTX3 level reflects the situation in the intra-amniotic compartments of women with PPROM. Cervical fluid PTX3 is a potential marker for the noninvasive identification of intra-amniotic infection in PPROM.
Das Dexamethason-Implantat - eine gute Behandlungsmöglichkeit bei diabetischem Makulaödem
Authors: Di Carlo Emiliano
Published: May 2019

Introduction: There are few real-life studies on the intravitreal 0.7-mg dexamethasone implant for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME) conducted in Latin America. We aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of this implant in clinical practice. Methods: Twenty-seven centers from Brazil and one from Argentina provided information on patients with DME treated with Ozurdex. The efficacy outcome variables were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in Snellen and central retinal thickness (CRT). Safety was assessed by the elevation in intraocular pressure (IOP), occurrence of cataracts, and adverse events. Results: A total of 329 eyes (both treated cases and naïve eyes) from 282 patients underwent treatment. The time since diagnosis of DME ranged from 1 to 156 months. The median BCVA was 0.7 log-MAR/50 letters at baseline and 0.3 logMAR/70 letters after treatment (both p < 0.001). Median CRT values decreased from 425 μm at baseline to 270 μm after treatment (p < 0.001). Increases in IOP of at least 10 mm Hg were observed in 7.4% of eyes, and 4% of eyes had cataract evolution. No cases of endophthalmitis were reported. Conclusion: These real-life results suggest that the intravitreal dexamethasone implant is effective and safe for eyes with DME.
IVOM mit Bevacizumab vor der Parsplana-Vitrektomie bei Patienten mit proliferativer diabetischer Retinopathie
Authors: Strauß Olaf
Published: May 2019

Objective: To evaluate the changes in aqueous concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and fibrosis-related factors, and to detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and proliferating cells in fibrovascular membranes (FVMs) of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) after injection of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB). Methods: Forty-two eyes of 42 patients with PDR, including 28 eyes that received IVB (1.25 mg) 2, 5, and 14 days before pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), and 14 eyes without IVB, were enrolled, in addition to 10 eyes of 10 patients with nondiabetic ocular diseases. Aqueous concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and fibrosis-related factors were analyzed by a multiplex bead assay. Fluorescence immunostaining was performed to examine the expression of VEGF and proliferating cells in the excised epiretinal membranes. Results: PDR eyes without IVB had the highest vitreous VEGF levels, and the level was statistically significant compared with that of PDR eyes that received IVB 2 days before surgery, PDR eyes that received IVB 5 days before surgery, and nondiabetic eyes (p = 0.011, p = 0.012, and p < 0.001, respectively). The expression of fibroblastic cells and connective tissue growth factor increased in epiretinal FVMs of the IVB group 21 days after treatment. Conclusions: IVB injection may lead to a decrease in the intraocular concentrations of VEGF after 2-5 days and induce the formation of proliferation after 21 days, which suggests that PPV in PDR patients should take place within 1 week of the administration of preoperative IVB.
Condicionamentos institucionais e preceitos epidíticos das artes sacras coloniais
Authors: Hansen João Adolfo
Published: May 2019

Nesta exposição, abordam-se preceitos da produção de artes sacras na América portuguesa entre os séculos XVI e XVIII. O texto especifica determinações teológico-políticas e retóricas com que a Igreja Católica orientou a produção das artes sacras, adequando-as a seu combate contra Maquiavel, Lutero, Calvino, o Islã, a Torá e ao controle de colonos, negros e índios.
Historicidade sem crenças
Authors: Carvalho Maria do Socorro Fernandes de
Published: May 2019

Este texto propõe uma reflexão sobre alguns aspectos das edições contemporâneas de textos seiscentistas. A partir da publicação dos livros elaborados pelos professores João Adolfo Hansen e Marcello Moreira, aborda-se a demanda por acuidade filológica e o exercício da historicidade no trato de textos escritos no século XVII, especialmente aqueles que circularam na manuscritura. Este texto, portanto, incide sobre questões concernentes à edição de poesia, referindo aspectos do domínio da história do livro e da cultura escrita, da historiografia da literatura nacional, de retórica e poética, enfrentando o recortado sincrônico que os processos de continuidade e descontinuidade imprimem aos modelos e imitações poéticas.
The Hardest Part
Authors: Schellinger Isabel N. , Mattern Karin , Raaz Uwe
Published: May 2019

Aging has a significant impact not only on every single individual but on society as a whole. Today, people throughout the world exhibit an extended lifespan. Therefore, it becomes increasingly important to develop novel concepts that encourage a modern understanding of the aging process. The concept of healthy aging shifts the perception of aging as a burden towards aging as an opportunity for an extended healthy phase in later life. Morbidity and mortality in the elderly population are greatly defined by a raise in the incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. Consequently, it is critical to identify risk factors and underlying mechanisms that render the aging (cardio)vascular system prone to disease. In this review, we focus on structural mechanisms of arterial stiffening as a major manifestation of vascular aging and its functional implications for the concept of healthy aging.
Congenital Heart Disease and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta‐Analysis of Cohort Studies
Authors: Wang Tingting , Chen Lizhang , Yang Tubao , Huang Peng , Wang Lesan , Zhao Lijuan , Zhang Senmao , Ye Ziwei , Chen Letao , Zheng Zan , Qin Jiabi
Published: May 2019

Background

Despite remarkable success in the surgical and medical management of congenital heart disease (
CHD
), some survivors still experience cardiovascular complications over the long term. The goal of this study was to evaluate the association between
CHD
and risk of cardiovascular disease (
CVD
) by conducting a meta‐analysis of cohort studies.

Methods and Results

A systematic literature search of several databases was conducted through April 2018 to identify studies reporting the risk of
CVD
, stroke, heart failure, and coronary artery heart disease in
CHD
survivors. The quality of individual studies was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale. The overall risk estimates were pooled using fixed‐effects meta‐analysis. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore possible sources of heterogeneity. Nine cohort studies comprising 684 200 participants were included. The overall combined relative risks for people with
CHD
compared with the controls were 3.12 (95%
CI,
3.01–3.24) for
CVD
, 2.46 (95%
CI,
2.30–2.63) for stroke, 5.89 (95%
CI,
5.58–6.21) for heart failure, and 1.50 (95%
CI,
1.40–1.61) for coronary artery heart disease. Significant heterogeneity was detected across studies regarding these risk estimates. Heterogeneity in the risk estimate of
CVD
was explained by geographic region, type of study design, sample source, age composition, and controlled confounders.

Conclusions

This meta‐analysis of cohort studies of
CHD
found an association of increased risk of
CVD
in later life, although we cannot determine whether this association is confounded by a risk factor profile of
CVD
among
CHD
survivors or whether
CHD
is an independent risk factor.
Fondaparinux Sodium Compared With Low‐Molecular‐Weight Heparins for Perioperative Surgical Thromboprophylaxis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Kumar Arun , Talwar Ashna , Farley Joel F. , Muzumdar Jagannath , Schommer Jon C. , Balkrishnan Rajesh , Wu Wenchen
Published: May 2019

Background

Fondaparinux sodium has been compared with low‐molecular‐weight heparins (
LMWH
) in randomized controlled trials for perioperative surgical thromboprophylaxis. However, the results from these studies are inconsistent in terms of efficacy and safety to reach a clinical decision. The objective of this study was to systematically review the randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy and safety of fondaparinux and
LMWH
for perioperative surgical thromboprophylaxis.

Methods and Results

Systematic search in various databases was done to identify randomized controlled trials comparing fondaparinux and
LMWH
published during the years 2000 to 2017. Outcomes of interest in this study included venous thromboembolism up to day 15, all‐cause mortality up to day 90, major bleeding, and minor bleeding during the treatment period. Analyses were performed with the relative odds based on a random‐effects model using Mantel‐Haenszel statistics. Results were presented as odds ratios with their 95% CIs. The assessment of study quality was performed as per Cochrane collaboration. After screening 10 644 articles, 12 randomized controlled trials including 14 906 patients were included in the final analyses. Pooled analyses showed the odds of venous thromboembolism in the fondaparinux group were 0.49 times the odds in
LMWH
group (
OR
=0.49 [0.38–0.64]). However, the odds of major bleeding in the fondaparinux group were 1.48 times the odds in the
LMWH
group (
OR
=1.48 [1.15–1.90]).

Conclusions

Fondaparinux was associated with a superior efficacy in terms of reduction of venous thromboembolism in this meta‐analysis. However, it was also associated with increased odds of major bleeding.
Impact of Perioperative Brain Injury and Development on Feeding Modality in Infants With Single Ventricle Heart Disease
Authors: Hsieh Anyir , Tabbutt Sarah , Xu Duan , Barkovich A. James , Miller Steven , McQuillen Patrick , Peyvandi Shabnam
Published: May 2019

Background

Tube‐assisted feeding in infancy is common in patients with single‐ventricle physiology (
SVP
). Postnatal brain development is delayed, and injury is common, in patients with
SVP
. The role of brain findings in feeding outcomes remains unclear. We sought to determine the association between neonatal perioperative brain injury and postnatal brain maturation with feeding‐tube dependency in patients with
SVP
at neonatal discharge and just before the stage‐2 palliation.

Methods and Results

We evaluated a cohort of 48 term neonates with
SVP
who underwent pre‐ and postoperative brain magnetic resonance imaging. Perioperative brain injury and microstructural brain development were measured with diffusion tensor imaging including fractional anisotropy in white matter and apparent diffusion coefficient in gray matter. The primary outcome was defined as being 100% orally fed (binary). Of the patients 79% (38/48) were tube fed at hospital discharge, and 27% (12/45) were tube fed before stage‐2 palliation. Perioperative brain injury did not differ by group. Orally fed patients had a faster rate of decrease in apparent diffusion coefficient (3%, 95%
CI
1.7% to 4.6%,
P
<0.001) at discharge and a faster rate of increase in fractional anisotropy (1.4%, 95%
CI
0.6% to 2.2%,
P
=0.001) at the time of stage‐2 palliation compared with tube‐fed patients, denoting more robust brain development.

Conclusions

Slower rate of postnatal brain maturation but not perioperative brain injury is associated with feeding modality in infancy. These results support the importance of brain health in optimizing feeding outcomes in patients with
SVP
.
Taxonomic studies on the genus Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) from China (XVIII): Towards clarification of the confusion of D. iliense with special reference to observations on living plants in the Ili region in northwestern Xinjiang
Authors: LI HUI-MIN , YUAN QIONG , YANG QIN-ER
Published: May 2019

Based on observations on living plants in the field, together with examination of herbarium specimens (including type material), we demonstrate that Delphinium iliense (Ranunculaceae) is highly variable in the indumentum of peduncles, pedicels, bracteoles, sepals and carpels and also in the shape of bracteoles and their position on pedicels. We therefore redefine this species and, in addition to accepting some previous synonyms in this species, such as D. longiciliatum and D. turkestanicum, we further reduce D. iliense var. angustatum and D. naviculare to its synonymy. We also propose lectotypification for D. iliense var. angustatum and D. turkestanicum.
Taxonomic treatment of the Mesoamerican genus Rovaeanthus (Rondeletieae, Rubiaceae)
Authors: TORRES-MONTÚFAR ALEJANDRO , OCHOTERENA HELGA
Published: May 2019

Rovaeanthus (Rondeletieae, Rubiaceae) is a Mesoamerican endemic genus of two species, characterized by a fleshy, pubescent ring at the corolla mouth. Despite the molecular evidence, which suggested that Rovaeanthus shares a most recent common ancestor with the rest of the tribe Rondeletieae, it was treated as a synonym of Rogiera (Guettardeae), with which it shares the pubescent ring at the corolla mouth. Although the species circumscription of Rovaeanthus is clear, its recognition as a separate genus is not yet widely accepted. An updated identification key for the two species of Rovaeanthus, descriptions, distribution maps, phenological data, conservation status, and illustrations are provided.
The subterranean Aenigmachanna gollum, a new genus and species of snakehead (Teleostei: Channidae) from Kerala, South India
Authors: BRITZ RALF , ANOOP V.K. , DAHANUKAR NEELESH , RAGHAVAN RAJEEV
Published: May 2019

Aenigmachanna gollum, new genus and species, is described from Kerala, South India. It is the first subterranean species of the family Channidae. It has numerous derived and unique characters, separating it from both the Asian Channa Scopoli and the African Parachanna Teugels & Daget. Uniquely among channids, A. gollum has a very slender (maximum body depth only 11.1–11.3% SL), eel-like body (head length 20.8–21.6% SL), large mouth (jaw length 60.4–61.1 % HL), 43–44 anal-fin rays, 83–85 scales in a lateral series, an unusual colour pattern and it lacks pored lateral-line scales on the body and body buoyancy. In addition, it is distinguished by its DNA barcode sequence, which is 15.8–24.2% divergent from other species of the family Channidae. Morphological modifications usually associated with a subterranean life, such as reduction of eyes and enhancement of non-visual senses (taste, smell, mechanosensory systems) are absent in A. gollum. However, it shares with subterranean fishes a slight reduction of its pigmentation in comparison to epigean channids.
A new genus and species of natricine snake from northeast India
Authors: GIRI VARAD B. , GOWER DAVID J. , DAS ABHIJIT , LALREMSANGA H.T. , LALRONUNGA SAMUEL , CAPTAIN ASHOK , DEEPAK V.
Published: May 2019

Based on the first molecular phylogenetic analyses of samples from northeast India, specimens referred to Rhabdops from this region are more closely related to the southeast and east Asian natricine genera Opisthotropis Günther, 1872 and Sinonatrix Rossman & Eberle, 1977 (as well as to New World and western Palearctic natricines) than to peninsular Indian (true) Rhabdops. Morphologically, these northeast Indian populations differ from other natricines by having a single (‘fused’ or unpaired) internasal shield and a single prefrontal shield. Given the morphological and phylogenetic distinctiveness of these northeast Indian populations, we refer them to a new genus, Smithophis gen. nov., and transfer Rhabdops bicolor (Blyth, 1854) to Smithophis bicolor comb. nov. Based on morphological and molecular variation within our northeast Indian sample, we additionally describe Smithophis atemporalis sp. nov. from the state of Mizoram.
The endemic Southern African genus Epirinus Dejean, 1833 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) revisited: five new species and two new synonyms
Authors: DESCHODT CHRISTIAN M. , DAVIS ADRIAN L.V. , DANIEL GIMO M.
Published: May 2019

Five new species of Epirinus Dejean, 1833 were discovered during databasing of dung beetle collections. These are described here, as Epirinus inparrugosus Deschodt & Davis, new species, Epirinus jacobsae Deschodt & Davis, new species, Epirinus muellerae Deschodt & Davis, new species, Epirinus pseudorelictus Deschodt & Davis, new species and Epirinus schoolmeestersi Deschodt & Davis, new species. Using comparisons based on morphology, we also studied the taxonomic status of five morphologically-allied, allopatric populations of Epirinus from isolated forest patches in northeast KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, and eastern eSwatini (formerly Swaziland). On the basis of these comparisons we synonymize Epirinus hluhluwensis Medina & Scholtz, 2005, and Epirinus ngomae Medina & Scholtz, 2005, with Epirinus davisi Scholtz & Howden, 1987. A distribution map is provided for all of these species. Furthermore, the first record for the genus in Namibia is reported and an updated key is provided for all known species of the genus.
New anaxyelids (Hymenoptera: Anaxyelidae) from the Cretaceous of Asia
Authors: KOPYLOV DMITRY S.
Published: May 2019

Four new genera and five new species of anaxyelids are described from the Cretaceous of Asia: Mangus magnus gen. et sp. nov. from the Aptian of Mongolia (Bon-Tsagan), Urosyntexis undosa sp. nov., Parasyntexis khasurtensis gen. et sp. nov., both from the Early Cretaceous of Transbaikalia (Khasurty), Dolichosyntexis transbaikalicus gen. et sp. nov. from the Hauterivian–Barremian of Transbaikalia (Baissa), and Curiosyntexis magadanicus gen. et sp. nov. from the mid-Upper Cretaceous of NE Siberia (Obeshchayushchiy). Early Cretaceous is the time of the highest diversity of Anaxyelidae. In this epoch these sawflies are represented with all four subfamilies comprising the group. In Late Cretaceous anaxyelid diversity and abundance rapidly decrease and they are represented with the only subfamily Syntexinae. The anaxyelid collection of Palaeontological Institute (Moscow), the most representative collection of fossil anaxyelids in the world, has been completely revised, identified and described. The list of identifications is provided.
A new species of genus Cyana Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)
Authors: SINGH NAVNEET , BHATTACHARYYA KAMALIKA , VOLYNKIN ANTON V. , CHANDRA KAILASH
Published: May 2019

A new species of Cyana Walker 1854, C. neopuer Singh, Bhattacharyya & Volynkin, sp. nov. is described from North East India, Nepal and Myanmar. The species is closely similar to C. puer (Elwes 1890) but has significant differences in vesica of male genitalia. The details are discussed along with photographs. Distributional map of both the species is provided.
Determining Etiology of Facial Nerve Paralysis With MRI: Challenges in Malignancy Detection
Authors: Tolisano Anthony M. , Hunter Jacob B. , Sakai Mark , Kutz Joe Walter , Moore William , Pinho Marco , Isaacson Brandon
Published: May 2019

Objective:

Compare experts’ ability to differentiate malignant and benign causes of facial nerve paralysis (FNP) using the initial presenting magnetic resonance image (MRI) for each patient.

Methods:

This retrospective case-controlled study compared MRIs for 9 patients with a malignant cause for FNP, 8 patients with Bell’s palsy, and 9 cochlear implant patients serving as controls. The initial presenting MRI for each condition was used such that raters were evaluating real-world rather than optimal studies. Three blinded expert raters independently evaluated each segment of the facial nerve for abnormalities, provided a diagnosis, and graded MRI quality. Cohen’s and Light’s kappa were used to calculate interrater reliability and overall index of agreement, respectively.

Results:

MRI protocols for the malignancy group were universally suboptimal. There was poor agreement among raters for abnormalities of the facial nerve along the brainstem (0.13), geniculate (0.10), tympanic segment (0.12), and mastoid segment (0.13); moderate agreement along the cisternal segment (0.58) and internal auditory canal (0.55); and fair agreement along the labyrinthine segment (0.26) and extratemporal segment (0.36). Agreement regarding final diagnosis was fair (0.37) when compared to the true diagnosis. There were 2 false negative interpretations (failure to correctly identify malignancy) and 1 false positive interpretation.

Conclusion:

MRI for FNP is often initially performed with an incorrect protocol and thus may fail to reliably differentiate neoplastic from inflammatory FNP even when interpreted by experienced clinicians. Nevertheless, expert readers correctly diagnosed 87.5% of malignant causes of FNP despite these limitations.
An Examination of Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Truancy Court
Authors: Rubino Laura L. , Anderson Valerie R. , Campbell Christina A.
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of race/ethnicity on recidivism outcomes with a sample of juveniles involved with a truancy court. Three regression models were conducted to examine the influence of race/ethnicity on receiving any new court petition ( N = 1,206), including petitions for delinquency offenses or any new status offense petition within 2 years of their initial contact with the court. Results suggest that racial/ethnic disparities exist for juveniles involved in truancy court, especially with regard to new delinquency petitions. These findings are important to take into consideration to understand how truancy courts may facilitate the school-to-prison pipeline for non-White youth.
Who Owns a Handgun? An Analysis of the Correlates of Handgun Ownership in Young Adulthood
Authors: Gresham Mitchell , Demuth Stephen
Published: May 2019

Previous research on firearms has not adequately addressed a fundamental question about handgun ownership: Why do some people own handguns while most in the United States do not? We use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) to examine adolescent and adult correlates of handgun ownership, including socialization, victimization and fear of crime, political ideology, and societal insecurities. We also investigate the differences between “typical” owners and “atypical” owners who own more handguns. We find that socialization, victimization, conservatism, and societal insecurity all independently increase the likelihood of handgun ownership, and atypical handgun owners are more likely to be conservative and to have experienced victimization than typical owners.
The effect of stress proliferation on depression in South African grandparent caregivers
Authors: Dunham Charlotte Chorn , Flores-Yeffal Nadia Y
Published: May 2019

This study explored the proliferation of stressors that contribute to depression in grandparents who are caregivers of an adult child with a long-term illness and their grandchildren. The data were drawn from Wave 4 of the Cape Area Panel Study in South Africa and subjected to linear regression analysis to predict depression in these older adults. We found evidence that the combination of primary and secondary care leads to a proliferation of stressors as these older adults experienced higher levels of depression, lower income, and greater food insecurity. Providing financial help to others and declining health also contributed to an increase in depression.