bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laboratory and field monitoring tests of volcanic soil (Ta-d) triggering landslides in the 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake
Authors: Kawamura Kimika , Matsumura Satoshi , Kawamura Shima
Published: December 2024

Background

The 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake triggered serious geodisasters, resulting in several landslides in volcanic soils depending on their geological features. However, there is limited investigation from the geotechnical viewpoint. Considering various volcanic soils are deposited in Hokkaido, Japan, it is crucial to ensure disaster prevention of infrastructures related to volcanic soils.

Methods

To investigate the degree of weathering, water-retention characteristics, and mechanical properties of the volcanic soil, which triggered landslides during the earthquake, called Ta-d, this study conducted laboratory tests including X-ray diffraction, water-retention, and direct shear tests under various conditions related to a type of Ta-d, saturation condition, and stress dependency. Moreover, the pore pressure of the location where the landslides occurred was monitored for over a year to investigate the effect of rainfall on the previous day of the earthquake on the landslides.

Results

The laboratory and field monitoring test results showed that Ta-d can be categorized into three types depending on the color and physical properties, which have different degrees of weathering and shear strengths. The water content of Ta-d was high (>100 %) throughout the year, whereas it exhibited a seasonal change due to snowfall, which covered the ground surface. Furthermore, fluctuations caused by the seasonal changes are more significant than those caused by rainfall, which indicated that the rainfall on the previous day of the earthquake was not a primary factor in the occurrence of the landslides

Conclusions

This study reveals the geotechnical properties of Ta-d, which has not been well known, as comparing with those of other Hokkaido volcanic soils, and gives insights into the significant factors that can potentially cause the earthquake-induced geodisasters.
The evolution mechanism of social emotions during the Covid-19 pandemic: an analysis based on big data from Twitter and GDELT
Authors: Weigang Gong , Meng Zhu , Hao Chen
Published: December 2024

This paper focuses on the evolutionary mechanism of social emotions, such as panic, anxiety, and depression, during the COVID-19 pandemic by using big data from the internet, including Twitter and GDELT, and by incorporating factors related to risk communication and risk response in risk governance. The main negative emotions experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic include panic, anxiety, and depression. These negative emotions primarily erupted on a large scale during the initial phase of the first wave of the epidemic, whereas the fluctuations in negative emotions during subsequent resurgences were significantly smaller. This paper explains the evolution of panic and depression through analytical frameworks based on threat perception and coping efficacy, as well as social pressure and social support. The fluctuations in negative emotions around the world exhibit both similarities and diversities, which are closely related to the diversity of pandemic response models and cultural characteristics across different regions. The findings of this study have important implications for emergency management and the guidance of social mentality.
Dental implant site preparation with conventional rotary drill or piezosurgery: five-year after placement results from a within person randomised controlled trial
Authors: Azaripour Adriano , Farina Vittorio Siro Leone , Esposito Marco , Buti Jacopo , Al-Nawas Bilal , Sagheb Keyvan
Published: December 2024

Purpose

To evaluate whether there are clinical benefits by preparing dental implant sites using piezosurgery instead of conventional rotary drills in healed bone crests and if initial crestal soft tissue thickness could have an impact on marginal bone loss.

Methods

Twenty-five partially edentulous patients requiring two single implants in molar/premolar areas had each site randomly allocated to either piezosurgery or to conventional rotary drill preparation according to a split-mouth design. Definitive screw-retained metal-ceramic crowns were delivered after 6 months. All patients were followed to 5 years after placement. Outcome measures were: implant/crown failures, complications, peri-implant marginal bone level changes, resonance frequency analysis (RFA), and time required to complete site preparation, recorded, when possible, by blinded assessors.

Results

No patients dropped-out and no implant failed. Five years after placement, there were no statistically significant differences for complications (only one complication in the piezo group: difference = 0.04; P = 1), for peri-implant bone loss (difference = −0.11 mm; 95% CI −0.24 to 0.01; P = 0.083), and for RFA changes (6 months) (difference = −0.35; 95% CI −1.95 to 1.25; P = 0.672 between groups). Significantly more time was needed to prepare implant sites with piezosurgery (difference = 236.8 s; 95% CI −286.12 to −187.48; P < 0.0001). Initial soft tissue thickness had no effect on peri-implant bone loss (estimate = 0.05; 95% CI −0.03; 0.12; P = 0.239).

Conclusions

No clinically appreciable differences were noticed when placing implants using piezosurgery or conventional instrumentation with rotary drill, however, the preparation with rotary drills was on average 4 min faster. No effect of initial crestal soft tissue thickness was observed on peri-implant bone loss.
Effect of changes in skin properties due to diabetes mellitus on the titration period of transdermal fentanyl: single-center retrospective study and diabetic animal model study
Authors: Mizuno Satoshi , Takabayashi Makiko , Makihara Hiroko , Ogai Kazuhiro , Tsukui Kei , Ito Yuriko , Kawakami Takahiro , Hara Yusuke , Fujita Arimi , Tokudome Yoshihiro , Akase Tomoko , Kato Yukio , Shimada Tsutomu , Sai Yoshimichi
Published: December 2024

Background

In the dose titration of transdermal fentanyl to prevent unrelieved pain, it is important to consider not only dose adjustment, but also the titration period, which is influenced by the time required to reach the steady state. Many patients with cancer pain experience comorbidities that might affect the skin properties and influence transdermal absorption. We hypothesized that skin changes due to diabetes mellitus (DM) would affect the titration period of transdermal fentanyl. We conducted a retrospective study and diabetic animal model study to test this hypothesis.

Methods

In the retrospective study, the titration period was defined in terms of “dose change” and “number of rescue opioids” in patients initiated on transdermal fentanyl. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the relation between the titration period and comorbidities, including DM. In the diabetic animal model study, intercellular lipids of stratum corneum (SC) were analyzed in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, a model of DM, and the pharmacokinetics of intravenously or transdermally administered fentanyl was examined.

Results

In the retrospective study, the titration period ranged from 5 to 39 days (n = 387), and the patients taking a longer period (6 days or more) was significantly related to in patients with unspecified DM: AOR (95% confidence interval), 0.438 (0.217–0.884). In the diabetic animal model study, the ceramides (CERs) content in the SC was decreased by approximately 30% in GK rats compared to Wistar rats. The absorption rate constant (ka) of fentanyl administered transdermally was increased approximately 1.4-fold in GK rats, though there was no difference in transdermal bioavailability (F) or systemic clearance (CLtot).

Conclusion

Our results suggest that the steady state of transdermally administered fentanyl is reached sooner in cancer patients with DM as a comorbidity. Earlier pain assessment and dose adjustment may be possible in these patients.
Pharmacist intervention and identification of adverse events related to treatment efficacy in cancer chemotherapy to improve clinical outcomes
Authors: Fujii Hironori
Published: December 2024

Adverse events (AEs) induced by cancer chemotherapy reduce not only patient quality of life (QOL) but also the efficacy of treatment. Management of AEs can therefore improve both the efficacy and safety of cancer chemotherapy. This review describes the contribution of pharmacists to the management of adverse events aimed at improving the treatment efficacy of cancer chemotherapy. Efforts to improve the evidence-practice gap are a useful approach to countermeasures against AEs. Pharmacists can intervene in these efforts in the course of their daily practice. Here, we made undertook to improve the evidence-practice gap in prophylaxis pharmacotherapy for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and anti-EGFR antibody-induced acneiform rash. After intervention by pharmacists, the rate of adherence to prophylaxis pharmacotherapy for these AEs was significantly improved, and the incidence of CINV and acneiform rash was significantly decreased. Notably, time to treatment failure (TTF) with anti-EGFR antibody therapy tended to be increased, and may have contributed to an improvement in therapeutic effect. Next, we examined adverse events associated with anti-cancer drugs related to the therapeutic effect of cancer chemotherapy. Incidence of hypomagnesemia in patients receiving anti-EGFR antibodies and neutropenia in patients receiving TAS-102 was significantly associated with the therapeutic effect of cancer chemotherapy. Moreover, we examined the impact of cancer cachexia, a cancer-associated AE, on the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors. In patients receiving nivolumab, the presence of cancer cachexia prior to treatment initiation was associated with shorter OS and TTF. In summary, pharmacist management of AEs was shown to improve treatment response. Further, AEs which are predictive of treatment response in cancer chemotherapy were identified. Management of these AEs is an important role for pharmacists aiming to improve patient QOL and treatment efficacy.
The microorganisms and metabolome of Pinus radiata Pollen
Authors: Armstrong Charlotte , Ganasamurthy Syaliny , Wigley Kathryn , Mercier Celine , Wakelin Steve
Published: December 2024

Background

Pollen is a crucial source of nutrients and energy for pollinators. It also provides a unique habitat and resource for microbiota. Previous research on the microbiome of pollen has largely focused on angiosperm systems, with limited research into coniferous gymnosperms. This study characterises the pollen microbiome and metabolome associated with one of the world’s most widely grown tree species, Pinus radiata. Trees were sampled from locations across Canterbury, New Zealand. Repeated collections were undertaken in 2020 and 2021.

Results

Metabolomic analysis revealed the main compounds present on P. radiata pollen to be amino acids (principally proline), and carbohydrates (fructose, glucose, and sucrose). Although phenolic compounds such as ρ-coumaric acid and catechin, and terpenoids such as dehydroabietic acid, were present at low concentrations, their strong bioactive natures mean they may be important in ecological filtering of microbiome communities on pollen. The P. radiata pollen microbiome was richer in fungal taxa compared with bacteria, which differs from many angiosperm species. Geographic range and annual variation were evaluated as drivers of microbiome assembly. Neither sampling location (geographic range) nor annual variation significantly influenced the fungal community which exhibited remarkable conservation across samples. However, some bacterial taxa exhibited sensitivity to geographic distances and yearly variations, suggesting a secondary role of these factors for some taxa. A core microbiome was identified in P. radiata pollen, characterized by a consistent presence of specific fungal and bacterial taxa across samples. While the dominant phyla, Proteobacteria and Ascomycota, align with findings from other pollen microbiome studies, unique core members were unidentified at genus level.

Conclusion

This tree species-specific microbiome assembly emphasizes the crucial role of the host plant in shaping the pollen microbiome. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of pollen microbiomes in gymnosperms, shedding light on the need to look further at their ecological and functional roles.
The lost generation of Pemphigus populiglobuli (Hemiptera, Aphididae): exploring the taxonomy of the Svalbard aphids of genus Pemphigus
Authors: Wieczorek Karina , Chłond Dominik , Jousselin Emmanuelle , Coulson Stephen J.
Published: December 2024

Species identification within the aphid genus Pemphigus Hartig, 1839 poses challenges due to morphological similarities and host-plant associations. Aphids of this genus generally exhibit complex life cycles involving primary hosts (poplars) and secondary (mostly unrelated herbaceous) host-plants, with some species relying solely on root-feeding generation. An example is a representative of the genus Pemphigus, trophically associated with grass roots, found in the High Arctic Svalbard archipelago. Historical records tentatively identify it as Pemphigus groenlandicus (Rübsaamen, 1898), although its formal classification remains elusive, due to limited material of freshly collected samples. Recent collections from 2007 to 2024 across various Svalbard sites, revealed its presence under stones in sheltered microhabitats, providing valuable specimens for comparative studies. Our molecular analyses indicate that the Svalbard specimens are not a separate species commonly identified as P. groenlandicus, nor an anholocyclic generation of Pemphigus bursarius (Linnaeus, 1758) or P. borealis Tullgren, 1909, but represent a secondary generation of Pemphigus populiglobuli Fitch, 1859, the Nearctic poplar bullet gall aphid. This suggests that they may have lost their primary host associations and adapted to living on grass roots year-round. Our specimens did not host any known facultative symbionts; however, we detected a strain of Pseudomonas Migula, 1894, closely related to a cold-tolerant bacterium abundant in polar regions. The present study also investigates the taxonomic relationships and morphometric characteristics of grass-feeding Pemphigus populations across the Arctic and an isolated locations on the European continent. Specimens from Svalbard were compared with samples from Greenland and Iceland, but identified no substantial morphometric differences among these geographically separated populations. Similarly, analyses of samples of Pemphigus groenlandicus crassicornis Hille Ris Lambers, 1952 from Sweden and Spain reveals a high morphometric similarity to the Arctic population, indicating a strong link between these traits and geographical variability. Despite the limitations in fresh material availability across locations, minor morphometric variations and shared ecological niches (all populations studied inhabiting grass roots, a unique trait within the Pemphigus genus) suggest treating both P. groenlandicus and its subspecies crassicornis as a junior synonym to P. populiglobuli. The study also demonstrates that the secondary generation of P. populiglobuli is a terrestrial microarthropod that overwinters in a postembryonic life-stage in situ in soil and vegetation under harsh Arctic conditions, and its cryptic life complicates its distribution mapping.
Emotions in misinformation studies: distinguishing affective state from emotional response and misinformation recognition from acceptance
Authors: Lühring Jula , Shetty Apeksha , Koschmieder Corinna , Garcia David , Waldherr Annie , Metzler Hannah
Published: December 2024

Prior studies indicate that emotions, particularly high-arousal emotions, may elicit rapid intuitive thinking, thereby decreasing the ability to recognize misinformation. Yet, few studies have distinguished prior affective states from emotional reactions to false news, which could influence belief in falsehoods in different ways. Extending a study by Martel et al. (Cognit Res: Principles Implic 5: 1–20, 2020), we conducted a pre-registered online survey experiment in Austria (N = 422), investigating associations of emotions and discernment of false and real news related to COVID-19. We found no associations of prior affective state with discernment, but observed higher anger and less joy in response to false compared to real news. Exploratory analyses, including automated analyses of open-ended text responses, suggested that anger arose for different reasons in different people depending on their prior beliefs. In our educated and left-leaning sample, higher anger was often related to recognizing the misinformation as such, rather than accepting the false claims. We conclude that studies need to distinguish between prior affective state and emotional response to misinformation and consider individuals’ prior beliefs as determinants of emotions.
Time to deterioration of patient-reported outcome endpoints in cancer clinical trials: targeted literature review and best practice recommendations
Authors: Cocks Kim , King-Kallimanis Bellinda L. , Sims Joel , Worthy Gill , Stein Julia , Ayala–Nunes Lara , Achra Monika , Cui Zhanglin Lin , Payakachat Nalin
Published: December 2024

Background

Time to deterioration (TTD) endpoints are often utilized in the analysis of patient-reported outcome (PRO) data in oncology clinical trials but different endpoint definitions and analysis frameworks exist that can impact result interpretation. This review examined the analysis, reporting and heterogeneity of TTD endpoints in the literature, the impact of analysis methods on results, and provides recommendations for future trials.

Methods

A targeted literature review of articles published between 2017 and 2022 was performed to collate TTD endpoints reported in oncology randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Details of endpoints and results were extracted including; deterioration definition, PRO assessment schedule, methods for handling intercurrent events, statistical analysis methods, main trial results (overall survival and/or progression-free survival) and TTD endpoint results.

Results

Seventy RCTs were included covering 849 individual TTD endpoints. There were 17 primary cancer types, with lung (26%), breast (11%), and prostate (7%) cancers the most common. Most trials (71%) were for people with advanced cancer. Full definitions of TTD endpoints were often missing. There were no clear trends for a specific TTD definition within cancer types or stages. However, statistical analysis methods were consistent among trials.

Conclusion

The TTD definition can vary and is ultimately driven by the research question. Points to consider for successfully implementing PRO TTD endpoints in oncology include consideration of the trial setting (e.g., early vs. advanced cancer), expected treatment effect (e.g., improvement vs. worsening), likely adverse event profile (including early vs. delayed) and PRO data collection frequency in order to improve utility of these endpoints.
Collagen-based materials in male genitourinary diseases and tissue regeneration
Authors: Li Fangyuan , XinHuang  , Wang Ruiying , Li Yujing , Wu Lukanxuan , Qiao Xinyu , Zhong Yuchan , Gong Guidong , Huang Wei
Published: December 2024

Male genitourinary dysfunction causes serious physical or mental distress, such as infertility and psychological harm, which leads to impaired quality of life. Current conventional treatments involving drug therapy, surgical repair, and tissue grafting have a limited effect on recovering the function and fertility of the genitourinary organs. To address these limitations, various biomaterials have been explored, with collagen-based materials increasingly gaining attention for reconstructing the male genitourinary system due to their superior biocompatibility, biodegradability, low antigenicity, biomimetic 3D matrix characteristics, hemostatic efficacy, and tissue regeneration capabilities. This review covers the recent biomedical applications of collagen-based materials including treatment of erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, penile girth enlargement, prostate cancer, Peyronie's disease, chronic kidney disease, etc. Although there are relatively few clinical trials, the promising results of the existing studies on animal models reveal a bright future for collagen-based materials in the treatment of male genitourinary diseases.

Graphic Abstract
Extending the Calgary Audit and Feedback Framework into the virtual environment: a process evaluation and empiric evidence
Authors: Woodhouse Douglas , Duncan Diane , Ferrie Leah , Omodon Onyebuchi , Mehta Ashi , Pokharel Surakshya , Ambasta Anshula
Published: December 2024

Background

The Calgary Audit and Feedback Framework (CAFF) is a pragmatic, evidence-based approach for the design and implementation of in-person social learning interventions using Audit and Group Feedback (AGF). This report describes extension of CAFF into the virtual environment as part of a multifaceted intervention bundle to reduce redundant daily laboratory testing in hospitals. We evaluate the process of extending CAFF in the virtual environment and share resulting evidence of participant engagement with planning for practice change.

Methods

We describe an innovative virtually facilitated AGF intervention based on the CAFF. The AGF intervention was part of an intervention bundle which included individual physician laboratory test utilization reports and educational tools to reduce redundant daily laboratory testing in hospitals. We used data from recorded and transcribed virtual AGF sessions, post AGF session surveys and detailed field notes maintained by project team members. We used simple descriptive statistics for quantitative data and analyzed qualitative data according to the elements of CAFF.

Results

Eighty-three physicians participated over twelve virtual AGF sessions conducted across four tertiary care hospitals during the study period. We demonstrate that all prerequisite activities for CAFF (relationship building, question choice and data representation) were present in every virtual AGF session. Virtual facilitation was effective in supporting the transition of participants through different steps of CAFF in each session to lead to change talk and planning. All participants contributed to discussion during the AGF sessions. The post AGF session surveys were filled by 66% of participants (55/83), with over 90% of respondents reporting that the session helped them improve practice. 46% of participants (38/83) completed personal commitment to change forms at the end of the sessions.

Conclusions

Virtual AGF sessions, developed and implemented with fidelity to the CAFF approach, successfully engaged physicians in a group learning environment that led to change planning. Further studies are needed to determine the generalizability of our findings and to add to the literature on evidence-based virtual facilitation techniques.
Optimizing microgrid integration of renewable energy for sustainable solutions in off/on-grid communities
Authors: Hassan Amal A. , Atia Doaa M.
Published: December 2024

Rising energy costs, climate change impacts, and transmission losses have increased demand for renewable energy sources and decentralized solutions. As more people seek smart living and working environments, integrated smart microgrids powered by hybrid renewable systems have become attractive solutions for off-grid and on-grid communities. This study proposes designing a solar-wind-battery hybrid microgrid supplying a medical load et al.-Ain Al-Sokhna, Egypt. The optimization objectives aim to minimize the loss of power supply probability (LPSP %) and the levelized cost of energy (LCOE, $/kWh). A key consideration when designing and optimizing hybrid microgrids is the energy management strategy, which coordinates different generation sources and fluctuating load demand. Therefore, optimization algorithms were applied to balance energy flows while meeting loads, mitigating weather impacts, and preventing overcharging/deep discharge of battery storage. Models of wind turbines, photovoltaic panels, and battery storage were developed to simulate and analyze proposed microgrid operations. A multi-objective optimization approach evaluated LPSP and LCOE metrics using transit search, grey wolf, and particle swarm algorithms to find optimal system configurations. The optimization algorithms demonstrated varying performances in minimizing the multi-objective functions for the on-grid and off-grid microgrids. The particle-swarm optimization technique is the best solution for the off-grid system, which contains PV, wind, and battery storage, with a minimum LCOE of 0.3435 $/kWh and an LPSP of 4.5334%. Meanwhile, the transit-search optimization algorithm found the optimal solution for the on-grid configuration according to the objective function, yielding an LCOE of 0.116 $/kWh and an LPSP value of 3.0639 × 10−16. Statistical analysis confirmed that the algorithms generally exhibited stable and robust optimization capabilities. Of the methods, transit search was the most effective overall optimization approach.
Does financial distress impact the dividend payment of Indian firm?
Authors: Agarwal Bhakti , Gautam Rahul Singh , Rastogi Shailesh
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Unexpected circumstances, like distress or bankruptcy, might impact the time or amount of dividends delivered to investors. Therefore, in the current study, we have attempted to reveal the impact of financial distress (FD) on the dividend decisions of firms working in India.

Methodology

In this study, we looked at secondary data from 78 non-finance firms working in different sectors of the Indian economy that had been collected over five years (2016–2020). Panel data analysis (PDA) determines the relationship between the impact of FD and corporate dividend decisions.

Findings

FD has no significant influence on the enterprises' dividend decisions. The association between FD and dividend decisions has also been found to be strongly and positively impacted by one of the interaction variables, environmental, social, and governance.

Limitation

One study constraint is that researchers may choose to conduct their research in different industries or areas. Furthermore, researchers may choose to include other factors as interaction terms that they believe are relevant to the domains of FD or dividends.

Implication

They will be inspired to start effectively managing their finances and debts due to this education. Comprehending these dynamics can aid decision-makers in financial uncertainty and support long-term sustainable value creation for investors, management, and policymakers when making dividend decisions.

Originality

This scholarly work is novel because of the way its variables are combined, especially the way it looks at how four moderators—PBIT, ESG, LII, and debt ratio, interact with one another. To the best of our knowledge, this specific combination has not yet been studied in the literature, which emphasizes the originality of our research.
Tele-rehabilitation in African rural areas: a systematic review
Authors: Oshomoji O. I. , Ajiroba J. O. , Semudara S. O. , Olayemi M. A.
Published: December 2024

Tele-rehabilitation is a viable method to address healthcare access difficulties in rural parts of Africa. It involves offering remote rehabilitation services using digital technologies. This systematic review assesses the efficacy, implementation obstacles, and technological prerequisites of tele-rehabilitation programs in various environments. Evidence suggests that tele-rehabilitation has a substantial positive impact on patient outcomes, such as enhancing functional recovery and improving quality of life. Additionally, it provides cost-saving advantages by reducing the necessity for travel. Nevertheless, it is important to tackle obstacles such as technological constraints, digital literacy, and data security in order to guarantee the effective execution of the plan. It is essential to have culturally sensitive techniques and comprehensive training for healthcare providers in order to optimize the effectiveness and acceptance of these services. Future studies should prioritize investigating the long-term effects, optimizing the technology used, and integrating tele-rehabilitation programs with current healthcare systems in order to improve their sustainability.

Trial registration: PROSPERO CRD42024611266.
Profiling immune cell-related gene features and immunoregulatory ceRNA in ischemic stroke
Authors: Li Yanbo , Liu Sicheng , Wen Linda , Zhang Linzhu , Lei Xue , Zhang Yaguang , Qiu Lei , He Li , Han Junhong
Published: December 2024

Molecules in immune cells plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke (IS). The aim of this study is to profile the landscape of molecules on the basis of immune cells in IS peripheral blood and construct an immunoregulatory competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. We collected and combined multiple public transcriptome datasets from the peripheral blood of IS patients and healthy controls. CIBERSORT deconvolution revealed that the proportions of CD8 and CD4 naive T cells, monocytes, and neutrophils changed significantly in the IS group. Intersecting the immune cell-related genes identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and differential expression analysis, 38 overlapping candidate biomarkers were selected. Three machine learning algorithms, including least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE), and random forest were applied, and 11 distinct immune cell-related genes were identified. We obtained the mRNA-miRNA and miRNA-lncRNA interactions from StarBase v3.0, and constructed a ceRNA network based on the differentially expressed mRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs. The aberrant expression of HECW2-centered ceRNAs in the peripheral blood of in-house patients was validated using quantitative PCR. We also revealed that the expression of HECW2 was positively correlated with lncRNAs LINC02593 through miRNAs miR-130a-3p, miR-130b-3p and miR-148b-3p in cells. These results show that there are distinct immune features between IS patients and healthy controls. The ceRNA network may help elucidate the mechanism of immune cell-related genes in IS and may serve as a therapeutic target.
Analgesic efficacy and safety of erector spinae plane block versus serratus anterior plane block in breast surgery—a meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Shaikh Samiullah , Banatwala Umm E Salma Shabbar , Desai Paranshi , Khan Muhammad Arham , Bint-e-Hina Rimsha , Samad Sidra , Sikandari Muhammad Hamza , Nawaz Ali , Ijaz Rana , Asmat Shayan , Fatima Abeer , Mirza Harim , Azam Noor Mahal , Muhammad Qurat Ul Ain , Kumar Satesh , Khatri Mahima
Published: December 2024

Background

Mastectomy and breast-conserving surgery are key interventions for breast cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women. Many undergoing breast surgery experience postoperative pain compromising their functionality and quality of life. While multiple pain management strategies are available, evidence comparing the erector spinae (ESPB) and serratus anterior plane blocks (SAPB) for improving post-surgical pain management in breast cancer surgery patients is limited. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy and safety of these two regional anesthesia techniques.

Methods

After PROSPERO registration, we systematically searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library until May 2024. Risk ratios (RR) were calculated for dichotomous outcomes and standard mean differences (SMD) or mean differences (MD) were computed for continuous data. RevMan Review Manager 5.4.1 was used for the data analysis and generation of forest plots as well as funnel plots. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2.0 (18) and Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines were used to appraise and evaluate the evidence (19).

Results

A total of 9 randomized control trials enrolling 550 patients were included. Static pain scores at 0, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h after surgery, dynamic pain scores computed at 0, 8, 12, and 24 h after surgery and area under the curve (AUC) static pain score at all time points between 0 and 24 h (SMD (HKSJ 95% CI) − 0.27 [− 0.99, 0.45]) did not significantly vary with either plane block. Postoperative morphine consumption in the first 24 h and the number of patients requesting analgesia were significantly greater in those receiving SAPB [MD: − 1.41 (95% C.I. − 2.70, − 0.13), p = 0.03] and [RR: 1.28 (95% C.I. 1.00, 1.63), p = 0.05], respectively. The time to first postoperative analgesic use was significantly greater among those administered ESPB [MD: 1.55 h, (95% C.I. 1.02, 2.09), p < 0.01]. Patient satisfaction scores and the incidence of nausea and vomiting were similar across both groups.

Conclusions

While pain scores with either block are comparable, ESPB reduces postoperative morphine consumption and may be the favorable option in breast cancer patients undergoing surgery.
Assessment of critically stressed fractures due to water injection — A case study from the Devonian clastic reservoir of the Berkaoui Field, Algeria
Authors: Baouche Rafik , Sen Souvik , Benayad Soumya , Mitra Sourav
Published: December 2024

A well-constrained geomechanical model of the Devonian clastic is presented to assess the fracture slip potential due to water injection in the Berkaoui field, Algeria. The study interval indicates a strike-slip tectonic regime with a mean maximum horizontal stress azimuth of 98°N. A total of 131 natural fractures are interpreted from acoustic image logs. These fractures have dominantly east–west strikes, with the true dips ranging between 51° and 80° toward north and south. Critically stressed fracture analysis exhibits the onset of the shear displacement of optimally oriented steeply dipping fractures occurring at 2.7 MPa of the injection-induced pressure buildup. The practical injection threshold was inferred as 7 MPa based on the caprock integrity assessment. A total of 10 out of 131 fractures (with dips ≥ 70°) can experience injection-caused slip within the maximum allowable injection limit. The east–west-oriented fractures, subparallel to the maximum horizontal stress azimuth, have a higher likelihood of being critically stressed during injection and, therefore, can contribute to permeability enhancement.
Prescribing of antipsychotics for people diagnosed with severe mental illness in UK primary care 2000–2019: 20-year investigation of who receives treatment, with which agents and at what doses
Authors: Richards-Belle Alvin , Launders Naomi , Hardoon Sarah , Man Kenneth K.C. , Bramon Elvira , Osborn David P.J. , Hayes Joseph F.
Published: December 2024

Background

Contemporary data relating to antipsychotic prescribing in UK primary care for patients diagnosed with severe mental illness (SMI) are lacking.

Aims

To describe contemporary patterns of antipsychotic prescribing in UK primary care for patients diagnosed with SMI.

Method

Cohort study of patients with an SMI diagnosis (i.e. schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, other non-organic psychoses) first recorded in primary care between 2000 and 2017 derived from Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Patients were considered exposed to antipsychotics if prescribed at least one antipsychotic in primary care between 2000 and 2019. We compared characteristics of patients prescribed and not prescribed antipsychotics; calculated annual prevalence rates for antipsychotic prescribing; and computed average daily antipsychotic doses stratified by patient characteristics.

Results

Of 309 378 patients first diagnosed with an SMI in primary care between 2000 and 2017, 212,618 (68.7%) were prescribed an antipsychotic between 2000 and 2019. Antipsychotic prescribing prevalence was 426 (95% CI, 420–433) per 1000 patients in the year 2000, reaching a peak of 550 (547–553) in 2016, decreasing to 470 (468–473) in 2019. The proportion prescribed antipsychotics was higher among patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (81.0%) than with bipolar disorder (64.6%) and other non-organic psychoses (65.7%). Olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone and aripiprazole accounted for 78.8% of all antipsychotic prescriptions. Higher mean olanzapine equivalent total daily doses were prescribed to patients with the following characteristics: schizophrenia diagnosis, ethnic minority status, male gender, younger age and greater relative deprivation.

Conclusions

Antipsychotic prescribing is dominated by olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone and aripiprazole. We identified potential disparities in both the receipt and prescribed doses of antipsychotics across subgroups. To inform efforts to optimise prescribing and ensure equity of care, further research is needed to understand why certain groups are prescribed higher doses and are more likely to be treated with long-acting injectable antipsychotics compared with others.
Massless fermions in black string spacetime
Authors: Darlla R. , Yeşiltaş Ö. , Furtado J.
Published: December 2024

In this paper we investigate the behaviour of massless fermions in the black string spacetime by computing the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Weyl equations. These solutions allowed us to study the behaviour of such massless fermions in terms of the cosmological constant, the black string's mass and the radial distance of the particle from the black string. The solutions, written in terms of parabolic cylinder functions and Laguerre polynomials, were obtained for a particle far from the black string and around the horizon event. For the particle around the event horizon, for all configurations of parameters, the energy eigenvalues are complex-valued, indicating quasi-normal modes similarly to the case of spherical black holes. For the particle far from the black string, the energies derived from the Weyl equation set up conditions on the parameters in order to keep the energy as a real valued parameter.
Evolutionary dynamics with random payoff matrices
Authors: Duong Manh Hong , Han The Anh
Published: December 2024

Uncertainty, characterised by randomness and stochasticity, is ubiquitous in applications of evolutionary game theory across various fields, including biology, economics and social sciences. The uncertainty may arise from various sources such as fluctuating environments, behavioural errors or incomplete information. Incorporating uncertainty into evolutionary models is essential for enhancing their relevance to real-world problems. In this perspective article, we survey the relevant literature on evolutionary dynamics with random payoff matrices, with an emphasis on continuous models. We also pose challenging open problems for future research in this important area.
Renal Function and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Potential Mediating Role of Carnitine Metabolites
Authors: Yang Xue , Peng Jieru , Sun Fengjiang , Wu Ping , Wang Yi , Xu Ying , Lai Yuwei , Yuan Jiaying , Zhang Shanshan , Jiang Limiao , Hu Yayi , Liu Xiaojuan , Liu Gang , Yang Chunxia , Chen Da , Pan An , Pan Xiong-Fei
Published: December 2024

Context

Renal function may play a crucial role in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, prospective studies on this topic are scarce and the mechanisms remain unclear.

Objective

This work aimed to assess the associations of early-pregnancy renal function with GDM and the mediating role of carnitine metabolites.

Methods

The study was based on the Tongji-Huaxi-Shuangliu Birth Cohort. Renal function was routinely assessed before 15 gestational weeks. Plasma carnitine metabolites in early pregnancy were quantified using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. GDM was diagnosed at 24 to 28 gestational weeks by a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the associations of renal function indicators with GDM. Mediation analyses were applied to assess the mediating effects of carnitines.

Results

The mean age of 6770 participants was 26.6 ± 3.7 years. Serum uric acid, uric acid to creatinine ratio, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were positively associated with GDM, and the odds ratios (95% CIs) were 1.67 (95% CI, 1.25-2.23), 1.94 (1.47-2.57), and 1.53 (1.17-2.01) for the extreme-quartile comparison. Increased creatinine, cystatin C, and creatinine to weight ratio were associated with lower GDM risk, with ORs of 0.62 (0.47-0.82), 0.72 (0.52-0.99), and 0.69 (0.53-0.91) for the extreme-quartile comparison. Serum creatinine-, creatinine to weight ratio-, and eGFR-related carnitine scores played positive mediating roles, and the mediation proportions were 43.1%, 81.9%, and 56.7%, respectively.

Conclusion

Renal function should be monitored for GDM, and the potential roles of carnitine metabolites require further evaluation and validation.
Association Between Delayed/Forgone Medical Care and Resource Utilization Among Women with Breast Cancer in the United States
Authors: Reddy Kriyana P. , Jarrell Kathleen , Berkowitz Cara , Hulse Sarah , Elmore Leisha C. , Fishman Rebecca , Greenup Rachel A. , Mateo Alina M. , Rothman Jami D. , Sataloff Dahlia M. , Tchou Julia C. , Zafar S. Yousuf , Fayanju Oluwadamilola M.
Published: December 2024

Background

Although high treatment costs of breast cancer care are well documented, the relationship between delayed/forgone (D/F) care and resource utilization among patients with breast cancer is unknown. This study sought to investigate the relationship between D/F care, resource use, and healthcare expenditures among patients with breast cancer.

Methods

Data on adult female patients with breast cancer were obtained from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to assess resource utilization and expenditures in the United States from 2007 to 2017. Weighted proportions of patients with ≥ 1 emergency department, ≥ 1 inpatient, ≥ 1 outpatient, and > 5 office-based encounters were compared between those experiencing D/F care versus those who did not using Rao-Scott adjusted chi-squared tests. Annual, per capita total, out-of-pocket, emergency department, inpatient, outpatient, office-based visit, and prescription medication expenditures were compared by using two-part econometric models.

Results

Five percent of patients with breast cancer experienced D/F care, and 42.9% of patients cited financial barriers as the primary reason for D/F care. In unweighted estimates, there were higher proportions of patients with ≥ 1 hospitalizations (37% vs. 16%, P < 0.001) among those experiencing D/F care versus those who did not. Patients with D/F care had $5372 (95% CI $35–$10,709, P = 0.04) higher per capita inpatient expenditures than patients without D/F care.

Conclusions

Delayed/forgone care is associated with increased resource utilization and healthcare spending among breast cancer patients. Further work is needed to address the root causes of D/F breast cancer care, with a view to mitigating disparate outcomes and increasing costs.
Eye-gesture control of computer systems via artificial intelligence
Authors: Mohamed Nachaat
Published: December 2024

Background Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers transformative potential for human-computer interaction, particularly through eye-gesture recognition, enabling intuitive control for users and accessibility for individuals with physical impairments. Methods We developed an AI-driven eye-gesture recognition system using tools like OpenCV, MediaPipe, and PyAutoGUI to translate eye movements into commands. The system was trained on a dataset of 20,000 gestures from 100 diverse volunteers, representing various demographics, and tested under different conditions, including varying lighting and eyewear. Results The system achieved 99.63% accuracy in recognizing gestures, with slight reductions to 98.9% under reflective glasses. These results demonstrate its robustness and adaptability across scenarios, confirming its generalizability. Conclusions This system advances AI-driven interaction by enhancing accessibility and unlocking applications in critical fields like military and rescue operations. Future work will validate the system using publicly available datasets to further strengthen its impact and usability.
Ionospheric response over the high and middle latitude regions of Eurasia according to ionosonde data during the severe magnetic storm in March 2015
Authors: Chernigovskaya Marina , Ratovsky Konstantin , Zherebtsov Geliy , Setov Artem , Khabituev Denis , Kalishin Alexey , Stepanov Aleksandr , Belinskaya Anastasiya , Bychkov Vasily , Grigorieva Svetlana , Panchenko Valery
Published: December 2024

We have analyzed spatial and temporal variations in ionospheric parameters over high and middle latitudes of Eurasia, using data from chains of high- and mid-latitude ionosondes during a severe magnetic storm in March 2015. To analyze the ionospheric response to the severe geomagnetic disturbance of solar cycle 24, we have employed ionosonde data on hourly average values of the critical frequency foF2 of the ionospheric F2 layer, the critical frequency of the sporadic layer foEs, and the minimum reflection frequency fmin. There are strong latitudinal and longitudinal differences between the features of temporal variations in the analyzed ionospheric parameters both under quiet conditions before the magnetic storm onset and during the storm. We discuss possible causes of the observed spatial variations in ionospheric parameters. The source of spatio-temporal variations in ionospheric ionization parameters may be inhomogeneities generated in the high-latitude ionosphere under conditions of increased helio-geomagnetic activity. During the magnetic storm main and recovery phases, periods of blackouts of radio signals from ionosondes were observed at both high and middle latitudes. During these periods, there was a significant increase in the absorption of radio waves used in ionosonde sounding, as well as in the frequency of occurrence of screening sporadic Es layers. The long-term effect of the negative ionospheric storm over high and middle latitudes of Europe is explained by the movement of the vast region of the reduced density ratio [O]/[N2] at thermosphere heights from the Far East and Siberia westward to Europe during the late recovery phase of the magnetic storm. Increased ionization of the ionospheric F2 layer with foF2 exceeding the level for quiet days before the onset of the magnetic disturbance over the vast region of Eastern, Western Siberia and Eastern Europe after the end of the magnetic storm in March 2015 is a manifestation of the aftereffect of magnetic storms. The increase in ionization was especially pronounced, as measured by the chain of mid-latitude ionosondes.
Estimated plasmasphere electron content and O⁺/H⁺ transition height during the February 2022 geomagnetic storm from Irkutsk IS radar data
Authors: Khabituev Denis , Zherebtsov Geliy , Ivonin Vladimir , Lebedev Valentin
Published: December 2024

We study the topside ionosphere above the NmF2 ionization maximum and the transition region between the ionosphere and the plasmasphere. We analyze the interaction between the topside ionosphere and the plasmasphere during a strong geomagnetic storm in February 2022, using data from the Irkutsk Incoherent Scatter Radar (IISR) and total electron content data from global navigation satellite systems. To determine the ionosphere and plasmasphere electron contents, an original technique is employed to calculate the integral content of ion density from IISR data, which takes into account the two-component composition of ionospheric plasma. We compare different functions of approximation of the topside ionosphere. The original technique was adjusted for use with IISR Ne data fitted based on the β-Chapman profile. We compare the plasmasphere electron content during quiet and magnetically disturbed days, as well as the dynamics of the O⁺/H⁺ transition height, which is the upper boundary of the ionosphere and the lower boundary of the plasmasphere.