bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential Hypoxia Risk in Cardiopulmonary Arrest Patients Undergoing Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and IMPELLA Support
Authors: Shibao Kodai , Shibata Tatsuhiro , Kitamura Chisato , Matushima Yoshihisa , Yoshiga Takumi , Yanai Toshiyuki , Homma Takehiro , Otsuka Maki , Murotani Kenta , Fukumoto Yoshihiro
Published: May 2024

Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is a therapeutic strategy for managing cardiogenic shock. However, it carries the risk of cardiogenic pulmonary edema, potentially leading to differential hypoxia. Although IMPELLA can mitigate pulmonary congestion, the combination of VA-ECMO and IMPELLA has frequently resulted in differential hypoxia, requiring a transition from VA-ECMO to veno-arteriovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VAV-ECMO). Therefore, this study aimed to examine the influence of IMPELLA on the incidence of differential hypoxia, necessitating a shift to VAV-ECMO. This single-center, retrospective, observational study included patients who experienced cardiopulmonary arrest and received treatment with VA-ECMO combined with an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) or IMPELLA between 2017 and 2022. The primary endpoint assessed the incidence of differential hypoxia, necessitating a switch to VAV-ECMO. Patients with cardiopulmonary arrest received treatment with VA-ECMO in combination with IABP (N = 28) or IMPELLA (N = 29). There was a significant increase in differential hypoxia 96 hours post-VA-ECMO initiation in the IMPELLA group, necessitating a transition to VAV-ECMO. The combination of VA-ECMO and IMPELLA in patients experiencing cardiopulmonary arrest may significantly increase the risk of differential hypoxia. A multidisciplinary approach employing mechanical circulatory support is crucial, with ongoing consideration of the potential risks associated with differential hypoxia.
Emergency Department Initiative to Decrease High-flow Nasal Cannula Use for Admitted Patients with Bronchiolitis
Authors: Nelson Courtney E. , Miller Jonathan M. , Jones Chalanda , Fingado Emily Reese , Baker Ann-Marie , Fausnaugh Julie , Treut Michael , Graham Leah , Burr Katlyn L. , Zomorrodi Arezoo
Published: May 2024

Background:

Despite limited evidence, a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is often used to treat mild to moderate (m/m) bronchiolitis. We aimed to decrease the rate of HFNC use in the pediatric emergency department (PED) for m/m bronchiolitis from a baseline of 37% to less than 18.5%.

Methods:

A multidisciplinary team created a bronchiolitis pathway and implemented it in December 2019. A respiratory score (RS) in the electronic medical record objectively classified bronchiolitis severity as mild, moderate, or severe. We tracked HFNC utilization in the PED among patients with m/m bronchiolitis as our primary outcome measure between December 2019 and December 2021. We monitored the percentage of patients with an RS as a process measure. Interventions through four plan-do-study-act cycles included updating the hospital oxygen therapy policy, applying the RS to all patients in respiratory distress, modifying the bronchiolitis order set, and developing a bronchiolitis-specific HFNC order.

Results:

Three hundred twenty-five patients were admitted from the PED with m/m bronchiolitis during the 11-month baseline period and 600 patients during the 25-month intervention period. The mean rate of HFNC utilization decreased from 37% to 17%. Despite a decrease in bronchiolitis encounters after the pandemic, in the spring of 2021, when volumes returned, we had a sustained HFNC utilization rate of 17%. RS entry increased from 60% to 73% in the intervention period.

Conclusions:

A clinical pathway for bronchiolitis can lead to decreased use of HFNC for m/m bronchiolitis. Consistent RS, order set development with decision support, and education led to sustained improvement despite pandemic-related volumes.
Factors Associated With Complete Clinical Response and Remission in a Cohort of Romanian Children With Juvenile Dermatomyositis
Authors: Ioan Andreea , Farkas Oana M. , Cochino Alexis V.
Published: May 2024

Objectives

To describe a Romanian cohort of patients with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) and to identify factors associated with disease severity, complete clinical response, and sustained remission.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed data from 30 JDM patients from 2013 to 2022. The inactive disease state was defined as no active skin rash, muscle weakness, or elevated muscle enzymes. A complete clinical response implied a status of inactive disease maintained for six consecutive months while on medication and remission of inactive disease for at least six consecutive months after treatment. Association factors and predictors of time to complete clinical response and time to remission emerged from bivariate correlation (Pearson’s coefficient) and univariate survival analysis (Kaplan–Meier analysis).

Results

The median times to complete clinical response and time to remission for the entire cohort were 30.5 months (2.5 years) and 48.5 months (4.04 years), respectively. Nine patients (30%) had a severe disease course, while twenty-one patients (70%) had a mild/moderate course. The presence of calcinosis, time to corticosteroid discontinuation, history of treatment escalation in the first 18 months, and treatment with azathioprine or biologic DMARDs were strongly associated with a longer time to clinical remission (Pearson’s > 0.5, p < 0.05). Seven patients (23%) achieved remission, and none of them relapsed during the subsequent median follow-up of 19 months.
Phytohabitans maris sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment
Authors: Yi Ke-Xin , Xie Qing-Yi , Ma Qing-Yun , Yang Li , Dai Hao-Fu , Hao Yu-E , Zhao You-Xing
Published: May 2024

A novel actinobacterium, strain ZYX-F-186T, was isolated from marine sediment sampled on Yongxing Island, Hainan Province, PR China. Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain ZYX-F-186T belongs to the genus Phytohabitans, with high similarity to Phytohabitans kaempferiae KK1-3T (98.3 %), Phytohabitans rumicis K11-0047T (98.1 %), Phytohabitans flavus K09-0627T (98.1 %), Phytohabitans houttuyneae K11-0057T (97.9 %), Phytohabitans suffuscus K07-0523T (97.7 %), and Phytohabitans aurantiacus RD004123T (97.7 %). Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain formed a single subclade in the genus Phytohabitans. The novel isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, d-glutamic acid, glycine, d-alanine, and l-lysine in the cell wall. The whole-cell sugars were xylose, arabinose, ribose, and rhamnose. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6), and MK-9(H4). The characteristic phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and an unknown phospholipid. The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, and iso-C18 : 0. Genome sequencing showed a DNA G+C content of 71.9 mol%. Low average nucleotide identity, digital DNA–DNA hybridization, and average amino acid identity values demonstrated that strain ZYX-F-186T could be readily distinguished from its closely related species. Based on its phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, and physiological characteristics, strain ZYX-F-186T represents a novel species of the genus Phytohabitans, for which the name Phytohabitans maris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ZYX-F-186T (=CGMCC 4.8025T=CCTCC AA 2023025T=JCM 36507T).
Characterization of MLST-99 Salmonella Typhimurium and the monophasic variant I:4,[5],12:i:- isolated from Canadian Atlantic coast shellfish
Authors: Hodges Lisa M. , Cooper Ashley , Koziol Adam , Carrillo Catherine D.
Published: May 2024

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Typhimurium and its monophasic variant I 1;4,[5],12:i:- (MVST) are responsible for thousands of reported cases of salmonellosis each year in Canada, and countries worldwide. We investigated S. Typhimurium and MVST isolates recovered from raw shellfish harvested in Atlantic Canada by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) over the past decade, to assess the potential impact of these isolates on human illness and to explore possible routes of shellfish contamination. Whole-genome sequence analysis was performed on 210 isolates of S. Typhimurium and MVST recovered from various food sources, including shellfish. The objective was to identify genetic markers linked to ST-99, a sequence type specifically associated with shellfish, which could explain their high prevalence in shellfish. We also investigated the genetic similarity amongst CFIA ST-99 isolates recovered in different years and geographical locations. Finally, the study aimed to enhance the molecular serotyping of ST-99 isolates, as they are serologically classified as MVST but are frequently misidentified as S. Typhimurium through sequence analysis. To ensure recovery of ST-99 from shellfish was not due to favourable growth kinetics, we measured the growth rates of these isolates relative to other Salmonella and determined that ST-99 did not have a faster growth rate and/or shorter lag phase than other Salmonella evaluated. The CFIA ST-99 isolates from shellfish were highly clonal, with up to 81 high-quality single nucleotide variants amongst isolates. ST-99 isolates both within the CFIA collection and those isolated globally carried numerous unique deletions, insertions and mutations in genes, including some considered important for virulence, such as gene deletions in the type VI secretion system. Interestingly, several of these genetic characteristics appear to be unique to North America. Most notably was a large genomic region showing a high prevalence in genomes from Canadian isolates compared to those from the USA. Although the functions of the majority of the proteins encoded within this region remain unknown, the genes umuC and umuD, known to be protective against UV light damage, were present. While this study did not specifically examine the effects of mutations and insertions, results indicate that these isolates may be adapted to survive in specific environments, such as ocean water, where wild birds and/or animals serve as the natural hosts. Our hypothesis is reinforced by a global phylogenetic analysis, which indicates that isolates obtained from North American shellfish and wild birds are infrequently connected to isolates from human sources. These findings suggest a distinct ecological niche for ST-99, potentially indicating their specialization and adaptation to non-human hosts and environments, such as oceanic habitats.
Identifying Intermolecular Interactions in Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy
Authors: Yan Xingchi , Yu Polly Y. , Srinivasan Arvind , Abdul Rehman Sohaib , Prigozhin Maxim B.
Published: May 2024

Intermolecular interactions underlie all cellular functions, yet visualizing these interactions at the single-molecule level remains challenging. Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) offers a potential solution. Given a nanoscale map of two putative interaction partners, it should be possible to assign molecules either to the class of coupled pairs or to the class of non-coupled bystanders. Here, we developed a probabilistic algorithm that allows accurate determination of both the absolute number and the proportion of molecules that form coupled pairs. The algorithm calculates interaction probabilities for all possible pairs of localized molecules, selects the most likely interaction set, and corrects for any spurious colocalizations. Benchmarking this approach across a set of simulated molecular localization maps with varying densities (up to ∼ 50 molecules µm−2) and localization precisions (5 to 50 nm) showed typical errors in the identification of correct pairs of only a few percent. At molecular densities of ∼ 5-10 molecules µm−2and localization precisions of 20-30 nm, which are typical parameters for SMLM imaging, the recall was ∼ 90%. The algorithm was effective at differentiating between non-interacting and coupled molecules both in simulations and experiments. Finally, it correctly inferred the number of coupled pairs over time in a simulated reaction-diffusion system, enabling determination of the underlying rate constants. The proposed approach promises to enable direct visualization and quantification of intermolecular interactions using SMLM.
Crystal-based absolute photon energy calibration methods for hard x-ray free-electron lasers
Authors: Grech Christian , Guetg Marc Walter , Geloni Gianluca Aldo , Boesenberg Ulrike , Kujala Naresh , Makita Mikako , Serkez Svitozar
Published: May 2024

Bragg diffraction from crystals is widely used to select a very narrow spectral range of x-ray pulses. The diffracted signal can be used to calibrate the photon energy, a fact that can be exploited very effectively at x-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs). This work describes three crystal-based methods used to this goal at a major x-ray FEL facility, the European XFEL. These methods, which have a wide applicability, have been developed in relation to the hard x-ray self-seeding setup installed at the SASE2 undulator. They are fast and straightforward to implement since they are based on techniques for extracting and identifying crystal reflections from standard diagnostic raw data while still delivering few electronvolts resolution.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
All-optical spin access via a cavity-broadened optical transition in on-chip hybrid quantum photonics
Authors: Antoniuk Lukas , Lettner Niklas , Ovvyan Anna P. , Haugg Simon , Klotz Marco , Gehring Helge , Wendland Daniel , Agafonov Viatcheslav N. , Pernice Wolfram H.P. , Kubanek Alexander
Published: May 2024

Hybrid quantum photonic systems connect classical photonics to the quantum world and promise to deliver efficient light-matter quantum interfaces while leveraging the advantages of both, the classical and the quantum, subsystems. However, combining efficient, scalable photonics and solid-state quantum systems with desirable optical and spin properties remains a formidable challenge. In particular, the access to individual spin states and coherent mapping to photons remains unsolved for hybrid systems. In this paper, we demonstrate all-optical initialization and readout of the electron spin of a negatively charged silicon-vacancy center in a nanodiamond coupled to a silicon nitride photonic crystal cavity. We characterize relevant parameters of the coupled emitter-cavity system and determine the silicon-vacancy center’s spin-relaxation and spin-decoherence rate. Our results mark a key step towards the realization of a hybrid spin-photon interface based on silicon nitride photonics and the silicon-vacancy center’s electron spin in nanodiamonds with potential use for quantum networks, quantum communication, and distributed quantum computation.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Dynamical Explanation of the Dark Matter and Baryon Energy Density Coincidence
Authors: Brzeminski Dawid , Hook Anson
Published: May 2024

The near equality of the dark matter and baryon energy densities is a remarkable coincidence, especially when one realizes that the baryon mass is exponentially sensitive to UV parameters in the form of dimensional transmutation. We explore a new dynamical mechanism, where in the presence of an arbitrary number density of baryons and dark matter, a scalar adjusts the masses of dark matter and baryons until the two energy densities are comparable. In this manner, the coincidence is explained regardless of the microscopic identity of dark matter and how it was produced. This new scalar causes a variety of experimental effects such as a new force and a (dark) matter density-dependent proton mass.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Study on the corrosion performance of supersonic atmospheric plasma sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr coatings
Authors: Zhang Chong , Xiang Jiayi , Wen Qifan
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Due to the harsh underground environment in coal mining, the surface of hydraulic support columns corrodes severely, resulting in significant economic losses. Therefore, a highly corrosion-resistant coatings is needed to extend the service life of the columns.

Design/methodology/approach

This study aims to compare the corrosion resistance of ST-Cr3C2-NiCr (sealed treatment Cr3C2-NiCr) coatings with industrially applied chromium plating. The corrosion failure mechanism of the coatings was investigated.

Findings

The results demonstrated that the ST-Cr3C2-NiCr coatings exhibited excellent corrosion resistance. After sealing treatment, the corrosion potential of Cr3C2-NiCr coatings was −0.215 V, and the corrosion current density of Cr3C2-NiCr coatings was lower than that of the plated parts.

Practical implications

ST-Cr3C2-NiCr coatings prepared by supersonic atmospheric plasma spraying could provide excellent corrosion resistance in the coal industry.

Originality/value

The low porosity and the presence of the NiCr phase were crucial factors contributing to the preferable corrosion resistance exhibited by the ST-Cr3C2-NiCr coatings. The corrosive process of the coatings involved layer-by-layer delamination of surface oxide film, sub-surface pitting, formation and degradation of sub-surface passive film, as well as severe block-like delamination.
Effect of source credibility and consumer ethnocentrism on halal purchase intentions in the UK: an elaboration likelihood model approach
Authors: Ibrahim Khaled , Sarfo Christian , Burnett Megan
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the mediating role of product judgement in the relationship between electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) and purchase intention. Additionally, it explores the moderating effects of source credibility and consumer ethnocentrism on the relationship between eWOM and product judgement, with a specific focus on Halal products. We utilise the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) to investigate how individuals navigate the processing of information, distinguishing between central and peripheral routes. This exploration aims to enhance our understanding of how the ELM framework influences product judgement and purchase intention in the context of eWOM, with a focus on Halal products.

Design/methodology/approach

To achieve these objectives, an online survey was conducted in the United Kingdom. The study employed a moderated-mediation model, analysed using PLS-SEM.

Findings

The findings highlight the significant role of source credibility in the central route of information processing and purchase judgements. This study confirms that Halal product judgement fully mediates the relationship between eWOM and purchase intention. Additionally, it reveals that higher source credibility amplifies the impact of eWOM on consumer judgement. However, no significant moderating effect of consumer ethnocentrism on the relationship between eWOM and product judgement was observed in this context.

Originality/value

This study enhances our understanding of how Halal products are adopted in non-Muslim societies, shedding light on persuasive processes. Additionally, it refines the ELM in the context of cross-cultural consumer behaviour. The findings underscore the importance of prioritising source credibility in communication to shape information evaluation and persuasion.
Exploring the multidimensional challenges in integrating Design for Safety (DfS) in the Ghanaian construction industry
Authors: Acheampong Alex , Adjei Elvis Konadu , Adade-Boateng Anita Odame , Kissi Ernest , Manu Patrick , Atibila David Wireko
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The uptake of Design for Safety (DfS) practices in developing countries like Ghana has been limited. This study aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the barriers across regulatory, organizational, cultural and educational dimensions that restrict DfS assimilation in the Ghanaian construction sector. Identifying the key impediments can inform policy initiatives and industry efforts to facilitate safer construction.

Design/methodology/approach

A postpositive philosophy underpinned the quantitative research. Multi-stage research was used. A comprehensive questionnaire survey was designed and given to six industry experts to assess clarity, relevance and effectiveness after a thorough literature review. In all, 164 professionals were reached to take part in the study using purposive sampling and consequently snowballing. “Variables” were ranked using mean score ranking and normalization techniques; exploratory factor analysis was then used to group variables into clusters.

Findings

Emergent findings revealed four distinct clusters of challenges; Design Process and Communication Challenges; Regulatory and Expertise Limitations; Planning and Education Constraints; and Attitudinal and Perception Barriers. These findings help identify targeted solutions to overcome barriers including developing robust regulatory frameworks, promoting collaboration among stakeholders and cultivating a positive safety culture.

Originality/value

This study provides new insights into the integration of DfS in the context of the developing construction industry in Ghana. This study expands the knowledge base to drive further research in enhancing construction safety in developing countries. Practical recommendations for overcoming these challenges are proposed.
The effects of negative mentoring experiences on protégés’ turnover intention: the roles of harmonious work passion and moqi with the mentor
Authors: Hu Zhonghui , Kwan Ho Kwong , Zhang Yingying , Li Jinsong
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study tested a holistic model that investigated the interaction effect of negative mentoring experiences and moqi (pronounced “mò-chee”) with a mentor—where moqi refers to a situated state between two parties in which one party understands and cooperates well with the other party without saying a word—on the protégés’ turnover intention, along with the mediating role of protégés’ harmonious work passion.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 281 protégés through a three-wave questionnaire survey with a 1-month lag between waves. We used a hierarchical multiple regression and bootstrapping analysis to test our hypotheses.

Findings

Our results support the mediating effect of harmonious work passion on the positive relationship between protégés’ negative mentoring experiences and turnover intention. In addition, our analysis confirmed that moqi with the mentor amplifies both the impact of protégés’ negative mentoring experiences on harmonious work passion and the indirect effect of negative mentoring experiences on protégés’ turnover intention via harmonious work passion.

Originality/value

By demonstrating the interaction effect of protégés’ negative mentoring experiences and moqi with their mentor on turnover intention, as well as the mediating role of harmonious work passion, this study expands our understanding of the mechanism and boundary condition of the effect of negative mentoring experiences and provides inspiration and guidance for mentoring practices.
Building supply chain resilience in small and medium-sized clothing retailers in Australia: an empirical study
Authors: Mamun Mehadi
Published: May 2024

Purpose

In today’s complex and globalised business setting, Australian clothing retailers are ever more vulnerable to supply chain disruptions. Supply chain resilience reduces the effect of a disruption, which permits the members of a supply chain to respond aptly to disruptive events. This study, hence, aims to uncover the details of how the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) of clothing retailers in Australia build supply chain resilience and what are the major issues experienced by the SMEs while building resilience.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is carried out using a descriptive qualitative research design, and data are collected from semi-structured interviews with key informants from managerial levels within the Australian clothing retailers’ businesses.

Findings

This study identifies five enablers, namely, collaboration, multi-sourcing, visibility, flexibility and information systems, that the SMEs of clothing retailers mostly consider to achieve resilience in the supply chain. This study also finds that SMEs’ capabilities, cost and financing, lack of managerial autonomy and the inability to create redundancy are the key impediments hindering SMEs from attaining the expected level of resilience.

Originality/value

To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study contributes to the body of knowledge by being one of the first empirical studies to explore the SMEs of clothing retailers’ supply chain resilience in the Australian business context, which can add valuable insights for academics and practitioners in guiding supply chain design decisions for the SMEs in other sectors.
Optogenetic therapeutic strategies for diabetes mellitus
Authors: Deng Xin , Peng Dandan , Yao Yuanfa , Huang Ke , Wang Jinling , Ma Zhihao , Fu Junfen , Xu Yingke
Published: May 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common chronic disease affecting humans globally. It is characterized by abnormally elevated blood glucose levels due to the failure of insulin production or reduction of insulin sensitivity and functionality. Insulin and glucagon‐like peptide (GLP)‐1 replenishment or improvement of insulin resistance are the two major strategies to treat diabetes. Recently, optogenetics that uses genetically encoded light‐sensitive proteins to precisely control cell functions has been regarded as a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetes. Here, we summarize the latest development of optogenetics and its integration with synthetic biology approaches to produce light‐responsive cells for insulin/GLP‐1 production, amelioration of insulin resistance and neuromodulation of insulin secretion. In addition, we introduce the development of cell encapsulation and delivery methods and smart bioelectronic devices for the in vivo application of optogenetics‐based cell therapy in diabetes. The remaining challenges for optogenetics‐based cell therapy in the clinical translational study are also discussed.

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Association between the skeletal muscle mass to visceral fat area ratio and metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease: A cross‐sectional study of NHANES 2017–2018
Authors: Mai Zhiliang , Chen Yinfei , Mao Hua , Wang Lisheng
Published: May 2024

Background and Aims

Previous studies have shown that sarcopenic obesity (SO) was associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, research is limited in the context of the NAFLD renamed as metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) defined by updated diagnostic criteria. The aim of this study was to use the index skeletal muscle mass to visceral fat area ratio (SVR) to describe SO in a large and representative US population (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2018) of adults and investigate their association with MASLD.

Methods

A total of 2087 individuals were included in the analysis. SVR was calculated according to the measurement of dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry and MASLD was diagnosed with controlled attenuation parameter scores and cardiometabolic risk factors. SVR was divided into tertiles. Logistic regression adjusted for confounders was used to evaluate the association between SVR and MASLD. Several sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of our findings.

Results

In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, a significant association between SVR and MASLD was shown (odds ratio [OR]: 3.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31–7.39, p = .010 for middle levels of SVR; OR: 3.82, 95% CI: 1.45–10.08, p = .007 for lowest levels of SVR). The sensitivity analyses confirmed that the association was robust.

Conclusion

Our findings imply that decreased SVR is linked to MASLD.

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Comparing long‐term outcomes of children treated with new‐onset type 2 diabetes in an outpatient versus inpatient setting: A retrospective chart review
Authors: Ranganna Adesh , Chen Wenya , DeLacey Sean , Lado Juan , Levin Laura , Swamy Anita , Bianco Monica E.
Published: May 2024

Background

Early identification and management of pediatric type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is crucial for improving long‐term outcomes. This study aimed to assess if the severity of T2DM at presentation, inferred by the location of treatment initiation (inpatient or outpatient), influences long‐term clinical outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was conducted on 116 pediatric T2DM patients. Data on treatment initiation location, initial and subsequent glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, prescribed insulin, and body mass index were collected from electronic medical records.

Results

Of the 116 patients, 69 were initially treated in an inpatient setting, and 47 received outpatient treatment. At treatment initiation, the inpatient group had significantly higher HbA1c levels compared to the outpatient group (p < .001), but 3 years after treatment initiation, no significant difference in HbA1c was observed between the two groups (p = .057). Prescribed insulin dosages were higher in the inpatient group at treatment initiation (p < .001) and remained higher after 3 years (p < 0.003) compared to the outpatient group.

Conclusions

Pediatric patients initially treated in an inpatient setting had poorer glycemic control and higher prescribed insulin dosing at baseline. After 3 years, there was no significant difference in HbA1c levels, but patients treated as inpatients continued to have higher prescribed insulin. These findings suggest that the severity of diabetes at initial presentation may affect long‐term clinical outcomes in children with T2DM.

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Traversing the Urban Soundscape: Black Sonic Geographies within The Minneapolis Sound
Authors: James Zuhri
Published: May 2024

This paper illuminates The Minneapolis Sound's emergence from the urban soundscapes of late 20th century Minneapolis. Turning to the 1960s and 1970s, I trace the genre's geohistorical emergence to a Black diasporic community who found within marginality the possibilities to spatialise an experimental world across the urban margins. Disclosing how this experimental world was upheld by improvisatory musical ensembles and their dynamic reaffirmations of a Black sense of place, the paper reveals how The Minneapolis Sound was insurgently pioneered as a Black sonic counter culture amidst unequivocal oppression. I then temporally propel the paper into the 1980s and 1990s and explore how the artist Prince and band The Time radically re‐imagined the city's anti‐Black spatial histories towards more just ends. This elucidates how, after emerging from the spatiality of the racialised metropolis, The Minneapolis Sound provided a speculative avenue of decolonial poetics through which alternative Black futures were made imaginable.
Latent profiles of cyber violence among South Korean adolescents: Applicability of routine activity theory
Authors: Kim Bu Kyung , Han Yoonsun , Kim Hyounyoung
Published: May 2024

There is a growing concern towards the risk of cyber violence among young digital natives. This study tested the applicability of routine activity theory in the cyber domain using a national sample of 2228 South Korean adolescents. Latent profile analysis was used to identify the conditions of the motivated offender, suitable target, and capable guardian within the online context. Low‐risk, detached norm, and comprehensive‐risk profiles emerged. Binary logistic regression indicated that adolescents in the comprehensive‐risk profile were most likely to experience cyber violence, compared to other profiles. The risk of perpetration was greater for the low‐risk profile than the detached norm profile. This study identified the contexts of youth that heighten the risk of cyber violence and suggested important points of intervention.
Variability in the prevalence of inappropriate medication use among older adults: A review highlighting the importance of screening methods and database types
Authors: Léguillon Romain , Grosjean Julien , Roca Frédéric , Barat Eric , Varin Rémi , Lejeune Emeline , Kerdelhué Gaëthan , Darmoni Stéfan , Charlet Jean , Laroche Marie Laure
Published: May 2024

Aims

The global older population is growing rapidly, and the rise in polypharmacy has increased potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) encounters. PIMs pose health risks, but detecting them automatically in large medical databases is complex. This review aimed to uncover PIM prevalence in individuals aged 65 years or older using health databases and emphasized the risk of underestimating PIM prevalence due to underutilization of detection tools.

Methods

This study conducted a broad search on the Medline database to identify articles about the prevalence of PIMs in older adults using various databases. Articles published between January 2010 and June 2023 were included, and specific criteria were applied for study selection. Two literature reviews conducted before our study period were integrated to obtain a perspective from the 1990s to the present day. The selected papers were analysed for variables including database type, screening method, adaptations and PIM prevalence. The study categorized databases and original screening tools for clarity, examined adaptations and assessed concordance among different screening methods.

Results

This study encompassed 48 manuscripts, covering 58 sample evaluations. The mean prevalence of PIMs within the general population aged over 65 years was 27.8%. Relevant heterogeneity emerged in both the utilized databases and the detection methods. Adaptation of original screening tools was observed in 86.2% (50/58) of cases. Half of the original screening tools used for assessing PIMs belonged to the simple category. About a third of the studies employed less than half of the original criteria after adaptation. Only three studies used over 75% of the original criteria and more than 50 criteria.

Conclusions

This extensive review highlights PIM prevalence among the older adults, emphasizing method intricacies and the potential for underestimation due to data limitations and algorithm adjustments. The findings call for enhanced methodologies, transparent algorithms and a deeper understanding of intricate rules' impact on public health implications.
Linking extinction risk to the economic and nutritional value of sharks in small‐scale fisheries
Authors: Temple Andrew J. , Berggren Per , Jiddawi Narriman , Wambiji Nina , Poonian Chris N. S. , Salmin Yussuf N. , Berumen Michael L. , Stead Selina M.
Published: May 2024

To achieve sustainable shark fisheries, it is key to understand not only the biological drivers and environmental consequences of overfishing, but also the social and economic drivers of fisher behavior. The extinction risk of sharks is highest in coastal tropical waters, where small‐scale fisheries are most prevalent. Small‐scale fisheries provide a critical source of economic and nutritional security to coastal communities, and these fishers are among the most vulnerable social and economic groups. We used Kenya's and Zanzibar's small‐scale shark fisheries, which are illustrative of the many data‐poor, small‐scale shark fisheries worldwide, as case studies to explore the relationship between extinction risk and the economic and nutritional value of sharks. To achieve this, we combined existing data on shark landings, extinction risk, and nutritional value with sales data at 16 key landing sites and information from interviews with 476 fishers. Shark fisheries were an important source of economic and nutritional security, valued at >US$4 million annually and providing enough nutrition for tens of thousands of people. Economically and nutritionally, catches were dominated by threatened species (72.7% and 64.6–89.7%, respectively). The most economically valuable species were large and slow to reproduce (e.g. mobulid rays, wedgefish, and bull, silky, and mako sharks) and therefore more likely to be threatened with extinction. Given the financial incentive and intensive fishing pressure, small‐scale fisheries are undoubtedly major contributors to the decline of threatened coastal shark species. In the absence of effective fisheries management and enforcement, we argue that within small‐scale fisheries the conditions exist for an economically incentivized feedback loop in which vulnerable fishers are driven to persistently overfish vulnerable and declining shark species. To protect these species from extinction, this feedback loop must be broken.
A longitudinal evaluation of personalized intrinsic network topography and cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Li Renxi , Pozorski Vincent , Dabbs Kevin , Haebig Maureen , Cox Christopher R. , Pletcher Colleen , Wey Alexandra , Barzgari Amy , Theisen Frances , Okonkwo Ozioma , Gallagher Catherine L.
Published: May 2024

Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R‐fMRI) offers insight into how synchrony within and between brain networks is altered in disease states. Individual and disease‐related variability in intrinsic connectivity networks may influence our interpretation of R‐fMRI data. We used a personalized approach designed to account for individual variation in the spatial location of correlation maxima to evaluate R‐fMRI differences between Parkinson's disease (PD) patients who showed cognitive decline, those who remained cognitively stable and cognitively stable controls. We compared fMRI data from these participant groups, studied at baseline and 18 months later, using both network‐based statistics (NBS) and calculations of mean inter‐ and intra‐network connectivity within pre‐defined functional networks. The NBS analysis showed that PD participants who remained cognitively stable showed exclusively (at baseline) or predominantly (at follow‐up) increased intra‐network connectivity, whereas decliners showed exclusively reduced intra‐network and inter‐ (ventral attention and default mode) connectivity, in comparison with the control group. Evaluation of mean connectivity between all regions of interest (ROIs) within a priori networks showed that decliners had consistently reduced inter‐network connectivity for ventral attention, somatomotor, visual and striatal networks and reduced intra‐network connectivity for ventral attention network to striatum and cerebellum. These findings suggest that specific functional connectivity covariance patterns differentiate PD cognitive subtypes and may predict cognitive decline. Further, increased intra and inter‐network synchrony may support cognitive function in the face of PD‐related network disruptions.
Human‐specific insights into candidate genes and boosted discoveries of novel loci illuminate roles of neuroglia in reading disorders
Authors: Wei Wen‐Hua , Ma Shaowei , Fu Bo , Song Ranran , Guo Hui
Published: May 2024

Reading disorders (RD) are human‐specific neuropsychological conditions associated with decoding printed words and/or reading comprehension. So far only a handful of candidate genes segregated in families and 42 loci from genome‐wide association study (GWAS) have been identified that jointly provided little clues of pathophysiology. Leveraging human‐specific genomic information, we critically assessed the RD candidates for the first time and found substantial human‐specific features within. The GWAS candidates (i.e., population signals) were distinct from the familial counterparts and were more likely pleiotropic in neuropsychiatric traits and to harbor human‐specific regulatory elements (HSREs). Candidate genes associated with human cortical morphology indeed showed human‐specific expression in adult brain cortices, particularly in neuroglia likely regulated by HSREs. Expression levels of candidate genes across human brain developmental stages showed a clear pattern of uplifted expression in early brain development crucial to RD development. Following the new insights and loci pleiotropic in cognitive traits, we identified four novel genes from the GWAS sub‐significant associations (i.e., FOXO3, MAPT, KMT2E and HTT) and the Semaphorin gene family with functional priors (i.e., SEMA3A, SEMA3E and SEMA5B). These novel genes were related to neuronal plasticity and disorders, mostly conserved the pattern of uplifted expression in early brain development and had evident expression in cortical neuroglial cells. Our findings jointly illuminated the association of RD with neuroglia regulation—an emerging hotspot in studying neurodevelopmental disorders, and highlighted the need of improving RD phenotyping to avoid jeopardizing future genetic studies of RD.
Effects of traditional and dry bed baths on patients admitted in intensive units: A randomized crossover clinical trial
Authors: Ayhan Dilan , Yılmaz Dilek
Published: May 2024

Background

The bed bath is an important part of nursing care. There are few studies evaluating the effects of traditional and dry bed baths on patients.

Aim

This study was performed with the aim of investigating the effect of traditional and dry bed baths given to intensive care unit patients on the patients' hemodynamic parameters, the duration of the bathing procedure and the cost of consumable items.

Methods

This was a randomized crossover clinical trial and a prospective study. The study was conducted in a General Surgery Intensive Care Unit with 22 intensive care patients aged 18 and over, who had a nursing diagnosis of bathing personal care deficiency. Each patient was given two types of bed baths at an interval of 24 h: a traditional bed bath and a dry bed bath performed with single‐use tissues. Immediately before each bath, in the 5th, 10th and 15th minute of bathing, immediately after bathing and 30 min after bathing, body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate and peripheral oxygen saturation measurement changes over time were compared within the group using the Friedman test. The Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used to compare the variables of bathing duration and bathing consumable item costs between the bathing procedures.

Results

It was found that at the completion of traditional and dry bed bathing, the participants' body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate and breathing rate parameters were statistically significantly lower than before bathing, whereas peripheral oxygen saturation values showed a significant increase (p < 0.05). It was found that the dry bed bath took a statistically significantly shorter time than the traditional bed bath and that the cost of consumable bathing materials was less (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

It was concluded that traditional and dry bed baths given to intensive care patients affected their hemodynamic parameters and that the dry bed bath was superior to the traditional bed bath in that it took less time and that it cost less.
Sex chromosome evolution in the clam shrimp Eulimnadia texana
Authors: Lang Connor , Ediriweera Chathumadavi , Weeks Stephen C.
Published: May 2024

Sex chromosome degeneration is documented in various animal taxa and is predicted to be due, in part, to a buildup of transposable elements (TE) on the non‐recombining sex chromosome (Y in mammals and W in many crustaceans). Recombination in XX (or ZZ) individuals is predicted to reduce the buildup of TEs on the X (Z), but because there are no YY (WW) individuals, such TE buildup goes unchecked on the Y or W. Herein, we report an analysis of TEs in the genome of a crustacean that has both ZZ and WW individuals. The purported W chromosome did show linkage with several known sex‐linked loci. However, the prediction of a buildup of TEs throughout the purported W was not found: neither the predicted accumulation of the TE types LINE and LTR nor the expected higher TE numbers were observed on the purported W. We could not exclude the possibility of TE buildup in a smaller non‐recombining region of the W chromosome, which is predicted in species in the earliest stages of sex chromosome development. These results allow a glimpse into the earliest stages of sex chromosome evolution in these branchiopod crustaceans.
Prevalence of masked hypertension in attended versus unattended office blood pressure measurement
Authors: Bertram Sebastian , Bauer Frederic , Shadi Roni , Seidel Maximilian , Doevelaar Adrian , Seibert Felix , Babel Nina , Westhoff Timm H.
Published: May 2024

There is a controversial debate regarding whether unattended blood pressure (BP) measurement should be regarded as the new gold standard of office BP measurement. Unattended BP measurement eliminates the white‐coat effect and reduces external influences on the patient. On the other hand, it might underestimate real‐life BP. The present study compares the prevalence of masked hypertension using attended versus unattended office BP measurements. We performed a cross‐sectional study on 213 patients in a general practitioner's outpatient clinic and compared attended and unattended office BP with 24h‐ambulatory BP monitoring (24h‐ABPM). Masked hypertension was defined as pressure ≥135/85 mmHg in daytime ABPM with office systolic BP < 140/90 mmHg. Median attended and unattended office BPs were 140/86 and 134/80 mmHg with a median 24h‐BP of 129/79 mmHg and daytime ABP of 133/82 mmHg. The number of patients with masked hypertension was 45/213 (21.2%) using unattended and 23/213 (10.8%) using attended office BP measurements (p < .0001). Bland–Altman analysis revealed a 7.4 mmHg systolic and 6.2 mmHg diastolic bias between the attended versus unattended office BP, and two systolic and −1.7 mmHg diastolic biases between the unattended office BP and daytime ambulatory BP. In linear regression analysis, an unattended office BP of 134 mmHg corresponded to 140 mmHg in attended BP measurement. Using a cut‐off of 135/85 mmHg instead of 140/90 mmHg in unattended office BP measurement, the rate of masked hypertension was 26/213 (12.2%). Thus, unattended office BP measurement results in a substantial increase in the prevalence of masked hypertension using the traditional definition of hypertension. The present findings suggest that it might be reasonable to use a definition of 135/85 mmHg.
Physicians’ attitudes toward beta‐blockers for the treatment of hypertension in Italy, Poland, and Turkey
Authors: Prejbisz Aleksander , Donnaloja Francesca , Dobrowolski Piotr , Tettamanti Alessia , Januszewicz Andrzej , Zoghi Mehdi , Ferri Claudio
Published: May 2024

Despite substantial progress in understanding the complex pathophysiology, hypertension remains a serious public health challenge affecting over 1.2 billion adults aged 30–79 years worldwide. Appropriate knowledge of the different pharmaceutical classes of antihypertensive agents and an understanding of the characteristics of individual molecules are essential to optimize clinical outcomes in patients with hypertension. We conducted a computer‐assisted web interviewing (CAWI) quantitative survey in Italy, Poland, and Turkey to investigate physicians’ prescriptions, knowledge, and perceptions of antihypertensive drugs with a focus on β‐blockers, to assess antihypertensive usage patterns and the reasons underlying prescription choices. The survey findings show that β‐blockers retain a pivotal role in the management of hypertension and are prescribed more often for patients with cardiovascular comorbidities than for patients with diabetic comorbidities. In all three countries, nebivolol is the only β‐blocker among the ones analyzed which is consistently prescribed to 20% or more of patients and is overall the most prescribed one for the population with comorbid diabetes. In terms of specific β‐blockers’ features, this study revealed knowledge gaps that underline the need for educational activities focused on the differences among β‐blockers, which are important in choosing the most suitable agent for individualized antihypertensive therapy.