bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation of the Naxos nested domes and crustal differentiation by convection and diapirism
Authors: Louis-Napoléon Aurélie , Vanderhaeghe Olivier , Gerbault Muriel , Martin Roland , Bonometti Thomas
Published: August 2024

The Naxos dome, in the middle of the Aegean domain, exposes the former root of the Alpine orogenic belt and represents a key natural example to investigate the development of gravitational instabilities during orogenic evolution and their impact on crustal differentiation. The Naxos dome is cored by migmatites with structures depicting second order domes with a diameter of 1–2 km nested in the first order deca-kilometer scale dome that formed at the onset of orogenic collapse. Zircon grains from the migmatites record a succession of crystallization-dissolution cycles with a period of 1–2 Myr. These features have been attributed to the development of convective and diapiric gravitational instabilities, related to thermally induced and compositional buoyancy. In this paper, we test the pertinence of this model with a thermal-mechanical numerical experiment performed with a volume of fluid method (VOF) known to preserve material phase interfaces during large deformation of viscous layers. Partial melting of the crust is modeled by strain-rate and temperature dependent viscosity and temperature dependent density. Moreover, horizontal layers with density, viscosity and heat production variations mimic more felsic or more mafic lithologies in a crust of intermediate composition. With basal heating, gravitational instabilities initiate with local segregation of the buoyant versus heavier layers, followed by diapiric upwelling of buoyant pockets of aggregated less dense material. Convection starts after 5 Myr, approximately when half of the crust has a viscosity lower than 1019 Pa s. The size of the convection cells increases as the temperature rises in the crust and reaches ∼25 km in diameter after ca. 20 Myr, which defines the size of first order domes. Some of the heterogeneous material is entrained in the convection cells with a revolution period of 1 to 3 Myr. However, most of the denser material accumulates in the lower crust, while the buoyant material segregates at the top of the convection cells and forms diapirs that correspond to second order domes, of several kilometers in diameter and nested within the first order domes. This model, which reproduces the first order characteristic dimensions of the Naxos nested domes and the periodicity of their zircon geochronological record, demonstrates the efficiency of gravitational instabilities in the formation of migmatite domes and, more generally, in the multi-scale dynamics of crustal differentiation leading to a felsic upper crust, an intermediate middle crust and a mafic lower crust.
A Comparative Study of Transpancreatic Sphincterotomy, Double Guidewire Technique, and Precut Sphincterotomy in Difficult Naive Biliary Cannulations in a Tertiary Care Center in Western India
Authors: Chopra Shivani , Rawat Vikramaditya , Ingle Meghraj , Lad Saiprasad , Sasikumar Deepak , Borkar Vinay D. , Lunagariya Yatin , B. Kiran , Shah Mit , Tailor Chintan , Patil Somraj
Published: August 2024

Introduction Difficult biliary cannulation leads to prolonged papillary manipulation and repeated attempts at cannulation are known to increase the risk of postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis. This study aims to compare the efficacy and complications of three rescue methods, transpancreatic biliary sphincterotomy (TP), double guidewire technique (DGW), and precut sphincterotomy (precut) in difficult common bile duct (CBD) cannulations.

Methods Seventy-six patients (>12 years of age) with a native papilla undergoing ERCP for biliary cannulation were recruited. Those who had inadvertent pancreatic duct cannulations (>1) were included. A pancreatic stent was inserted in all cases. They underwent either DGW (n = 25), precut (n = 25), or TP (n = 26) as rescue methods and were compared in terms of the success of cannulation and post-ERCP complications.

Results Of the total 76 cases, 82% were for benign indications, the most common being choledocholithiasis (69.7%). Jaundice was noted in 52% (n = 13/25), 60% (n = 15/25), and 38.5% (n = 10/26) of the DGW, precut, and TP cases, while 40% (n = 10/25), 12% (n = 3/25), and 30.8% (n = 8/26), respectively, were in cholangitis at presentation. The most common type of papilla was type 1 overall and each subgroup. While successful cannulation was achieved in 88.5% (n = 23/26) of TP and 84% (n = 21/25) of the DGW group, only 64% (n = 16/25) of the precut cases were cannulated. Three (n = 3/25) cases had mild bleeding and two mild pancreatitis, one severe pancreatitis, and one perforation were recorded in the precut group. One patient each had severe and mild pancreatitis in the DGW group, while one had mild pancreatitis and two had moderate pancreatitis in the TP group. All the patients were managed conservatively.

Conclusion There was no significant difference in the technical success rate (p = 0.075) as well as complications (p = 0.117) between the three salvage methods for difficult naive CBD cannulations.
Corneal Endothelial Cell Density and Morphology in Healthy Libyan Eyes
Authors: Elmsalaty Osama R. , Bukhatwa Samar A.
Published: August 2024

Background Endothelial cell density and morphology vary across ethnic groups.

Aim This article investigates the corneal endothelial cell density and morphology in healthy Libyan eyes.

Methods A 3-month cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Benghazi Teaching Eye Hospital, involving 198 eyes of 100 healthy Libyan participants. The noncontact Topcon specular microscope (SP-1P model) was used to assess the following parameters: the mean central corneal thickness (CCT), the mean cell density (MCD), the mean coefficient of variation (CV%), and the mean percentage of the hexagonal cell (Hex [%]). The variables were analyzed in relation to age and gender using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 25.0)

Results The mean age of participants in this study was 47.4 ± 13.8 years (range 21–75 years). The mean CCT was 516.45 ± 43.04 μm, the MCD was 2664.30 ± 371.26 cells/mm2, the mean CV% was 32.3% ± 3.7, and the mean Hex (%) was 52.8% ± 9.6. There was no statistical difference in the age, CCT, and MCD across genders. Whereas CV (%) and Hex (%) showed significant gender differences (p < 0.01 for both). There was a significant negative weak correlation between CCT (r = –0.10) and age, as well as a significant negative moderate correlation between MCD and Hex (%) with age (r = –0.36 and r = –0.31, respectively). CV% exhibited a significant, moderately positive association with age (r = 0.35). The higher endothelial cell loss rate of 8.4% was in the third decade of life whereas other age groups ranged between 1.1 and 2.7%.

Conclusion The normative data for the endothelium of Libyan eyes are reported, which can be used as a baseline for future studies.
MIST or INSURE in Preterm Infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Sayed Marwa Kamel Mohammed , Hassanien Farouk Elsayed , Khalaf Mostafa Shafeek , Badawy Ahlam Badawy Ali
Published: August 2024

Premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) are typically administered surfactant via the intubation and extubation procedure (INSURE). A variety of surfactant administration practices are available today. The term “SURE” (surfactant without endotracheal intubation) refers to any approach that requires direct laryngoscopy but uses a narrow catheter instead of an endotracheal tube. They include Take Care, LISA (least invasive surfactant administration), and MIST (minimally invasive surfactant therapy). MIST approaches avoid intubation while minimizing airway damage and barotrauma. This study sought to determine the practicality, effectiveness, and security of using the MIST approach to administer surfactant to premature infants with RDS. The study examined 90 preterm infants who were born before 36 weeks with respiratory distress and were able to breathe on their own. They were divided into two groups of 45 infants each: the MIST and INSURE groups. Both surfactant administration procedures were tested to determine their impact on morbidity and mortality in newborns. The study revealed no noticeable differences between both groups in maternal or newborn factors. Still, the MIST group exhibited a significantly decreasing necessity of mechanical ventilation (MV), had shorter MV and continuous positive airway pressure durations, and significantly reduced periventricular–intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) and death. The MIST procedure is pragmatic and reliable, and it decreases the need for MV and mortality in preterm infants who need surfactant treatment. It decreases the occurrence of PIVH in susceptible subgroups.
Methodology for evaluation of complex school-based health promotion interventions
Authors: O’Byrne Yvonne , Dinneen J. , Coppinger T.
Published: August 2024

There is a need for careful examination of large volumes of collected (structured and unstructured) information related to school-based evaluation. There is also no published, comprehensive framework/s for evaluating complex interventions in Irish primary schools. The aim of this paper is to outline a methodology for process evaluation of an Irish primary school-based physical activity (PA) and nutrition intervention. Evaluation followed the three themes outlined by the British Medical Research Council: implementation, context, and mechanism of impact that we further divided into six dimensions. Methodological tools included questionnaires, PA logs, reflective journals, write and draw, and semi-structured interviews. We triangulated findings across these multiple tools to assess each dimension. We designed a unique framework to enable comparisons and offer researchers a template for evaluating complex health promotion interventions in primary schools. We present a methodology for evaluating a complex school-based health promotion intervention. The framework we propose integrates process and outcome data. It aims to enhance future result interpretation and facilitate informed comparisons among intervention schools.
Large eddy simulations of flow over additively manufactured surfaces: Impact of roughness and skewness on turbulent heat transfer
Authors: Garg Himani , Sahut Guillaume , Tuneskog Erika , Nogenmyr Karl-Johan , Fureby Christer
Published: August 2024

Additive manufacturing creates surfaces with random roughness, impacting heat transfer and pressure loss differently than traditional sand–grain roughness. Further research is needed to understand these effects. We conducted high-fidelity heat transfer simulations over three-dimensional additive manufactured surfaces with varying roughness heights and skewness. Based on an additive manufactured Inconel 939 sample from Siemens Energy, we created six surfaces with different normalized roughness heights, Ra/D=0.001,0.006,0.012,0.015,0.020, and 0.028, and a fixed skewness, sk=0.424. Each surface was also flipped to obtain negatively skewed counterparts (sk=−0.424). Simulations were conducted at a constant Reynolds number of 8000 and with temperature treated as a passive scalar (Prandtl number of 0.71). We analyzed temperature, velocity profiles, and heat fluxes to understand the impact of roughness height and skewness on heat and momentum transfer. The inner-scaled mean temperature profiles are of larger magnitude than the mean velocity profiles both inside and outside the roughness layer. This means, the temperature wall roughness function, ΔΘ+, differs from the momentum wall roughness function, ΔU+. Surfaces with positive and negative skewness yielded different estimates of equivalent sand–grain roughness for the same Ra/D values, suggesting a strong influence of slope and skewness on the relationship between roughness function and equivalent sand–grain roughness. Analysis of the heat and momentum transfer mechanisms indicated an increased effective Prandtl number within the rough surface in which the momentum diffusivity is larger than the corresponding thermal diffusivity due to the combined effects of turbulence and dispersion. Results consistently indicated improved heat transfer with increasing roughness height and positively skewed surfaces performing better beyond a certain roughness threshold than negatively skewed ones.
Linking physiology, epidemiology, and demography: Understanding how lianas outcompete trees in a changing world
Authors: De Deurwaerder Hannes P. T. , Detto Matteo , Visser Marco D. , Schnitzer Stefan , Pacala Stephen W.
Published: August 2024

Extending and safeguarding tropical forest ecosystems is critical for combating climate change and biodiversity loss. One of its constituents, lianas, is spreading and increasing in abundance on a global scale. This is particularly concerning as lianas negatively impact forests’ carbon fluxes, dynamics, and overall resilience, potentially exacerbating both crises. While possibly linked to climate-change-induced atmospheric CO
2
elevation and drought intensification, the reasons behind their increasing abundance remain elusive. Prior research shows distinct physiological differences between lianas and trees, but it is unclear whether these differences confer a demographic advantage to lianas with climate change. Guided by extensive datasets collected in Panamanian tropical forests, we developed a tractable model integrating physiology, demography, and epidemiology. Our findings suggest that CO
2
fertilization, a climate change factor promoting forest productivity, gives lianas a demographic advantage. Conversely, factors such as extreme drought generally cause a decrease in liana prevalence. Such a decline in liana prevalence is expected from a physiological point of view because lianas have drought-sensitive traits. However, our analysis underscores the importance of not exclusively relying on physiological processes, as interactions with demographic mechanisms (i.e., the forest structure) can contrast these expectations, causing an increase in lianas with drought. Similarly, our results emphasize that identical physiological responses between lianas and trees still lead to liana increase. Even if lianas exhibit collinear but weaker responses in their performance compared to trees, a temporary liana prevalence increase might manifest driven by the faster response time of lianas imposed by their distinct life-history strategies than trees.
Transition of medium of instruction in bilingual education in Aba Prefecture
Authors: Cuo Ya , Suo Langcuo
Published: August 2024

The medium of instruction (MoI) in the bilingual education of Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture is
regulated through two modes. The first stipulates that Putonghua should be used for most school subjects, while the second
requires exclusive use of Putonghua as the MoI for all subjects. In 2023, a field trip was conducted to investigate the ongoing
implementation of MoI in bilingual schools for Tibetan students in Aba Prefecture.

This research initially examines the current bilingual education situation for Tibetans in two local schools, with
a focus on classroom teaching supported by the first MoI mode. It reveals that translanguaging pedagogy is a primary practical
strategy employed to adapt to the transition from the first MoI mode to the second. Furthermore, it scrutinises attitudes and
localised strategies of teachers, students and parents towards this transitional process, aiming to provide a comprehensive
understanding of the current medium of instruction for Tibetan students.

The findings indicate that (1) teachers’ translanguaging practices significantly contribute across three
dimensions; (2) stakeholders’ attitudes towards bilingual education transformation vary; and (3) partial national initiatives
offer support to promote the transition in different ways. Finally, this paper briefly summarises existing discrepancies related
to MoI transitions and translanguaging practice, and offers insights into future developments in MoI transition for minority
ethnic students attending bilingual schools in China.
Acquisition of morpho-syntactic features in a bilingual Italian child
Authors: D’Aurizio Laura , Stahnke Johanna , Müller Natascha
Published: August 2024

The present study investigates the interaction of gender with (declension) class in the acquisition
data of one bilingual child (from two to five years old) who develops Italian as a weak language in combination with
German in Germany. As reported in the literature, the Italian child acquires gender with ease, reflected in the nearly
exceptionless target-like gender marking on determiners. Of the two possible errors, omission and commission, the
Italian child vastly omits determiners. Nouns are inflected according to (declension) classes in adult Italian, most
of which correspond to one gender. If the gender feature can be derived by class, as proposed by Lowenstamm (2007) for adult French, a different and integrated approach to gender acquisition
is possible.
Acquisition of 3pl verb markings by (very) advanced FSL learners and bilingual Franco­phone
students
Authors: Mougeon Raymond , Mougeon Françoise , Rehner Katherine
Published: August 2024

This study examines acquisition of distinctive 3pl markings of French verbs by bilingual
Franco­phone students attending French-medium high schools in four Ontario Franco­phone communities of varying
demographic strength and by learners enrolled in high school immersion or university FSL programs in Toronto. It
documents the impact of the following factors: (i) the discursive frequency of the verbs; (ii) the students’ exposure
to French in and outside of school, (iii) their individual frequency of use of French, (iv) teachers’ in class speech,
and (v) invariant vs. variable use of the 3pl verb markings in the local varieties of French. The impact of
these factors is manifested by different patterns of intergroup hierarchies in rates of acquisition.
Modified Einstein equations from the 1-loop effective action of the IKKT model
Authors: Kumar Kaushlendra , Steinacker Harold C
Published: August 2024

We derive the equations of motion that arise from the one-loop effective action for the geometry of 3+1 dimensional quantum branes in the IKKT matrix model. These equations are cast into the form of generalized Einstein equations, with extra contributions from dilaton and axionic fields, as well as a novel anharmonicity tensorCµνcapturing the classical Yang–Mills-type action. The resulting gravity theory approximately reduces to general relativity in some regime, but differs significantly at cosmic scales, leading to an asymptotically flat Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker cosmological evolution governed by the classical action.
From microchips to microneedles: semiconductor shear testers as a universal solution for transverse load analysis of microneedle mechanical performance
Authors: Haider Kazim , Lijnse Thomas , Shu Wenting , O’Cearbhaill Eoin , Dalton Colin
Published: August 2024

Microneedles are a promising technology for pain-free and efficient pharmaceutical delivery. However, their clinical translation is currently limited by the absence of standardized testing methods for critical quality attributes (CQAs), such as mechanical robustness, which are essential for demonstrating safety and efficacy during regulatory review. A key aspect of mechanical robustness is transverse load capacity, which is currently assessed using diverse, non-standardized methods, which have limited capability to measure transverse failure forces at different heights along a microneedle. This is critical for understanding mechanics of potential failure modes during insertion after skin penetration. In this work we utilize a wire bond shear tester, a piece of test equipment widely used in the semiconductor industry, to measure the transverse load capacities of various microneedle designs. This approach is compatible with diverse microneedle types, geometries, and materials, and offers high-throughput and automated testing capabilities with high precision. We measure transverse failure loads with micron-scale control over the test height and have established comprehensive profiles of mechanical robustness along the length of different microneedle designs, which is a capability not previously demonstrated in literature for polymeric and metal microneedles. Transverse failure forces were 10 ± 0.3 gf–128 ± 12 gf for wire bonded gold and silver microneedles, 11 ± 0.7 gf–480 ± 69 gf for conical and pyramidal polymeric microneedles, and 206 ± 80 gf–381 ± 1 gf for 3D printed conical stainless steel microneedles. Additionally, we present standardized definitions for microneedle structural failure modes resulting from transverse loads, which can facilitate root cause failure analysis and defect detection during design and manufacturing, and aid in risk assessment of microneedle products. This work establishes a standardized approach to evaluating a significant CQA of microneedle products, which is a critical step towards expediting their clinical adoption.
Recent advances in molecular dynamics simulations for dry friction on rough substrate
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhang Zhaofu , Guo Yuzheng , Robertson John , Wu Shijing , Liu Sheng , Sun Yunyun
Published: August 2024

This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of dry friction on rough substrates. While nanoscale roughness plays a crucial role in nanotribological investigations, the exploration of rough substrates remains insufficient based on MD simulations. This paper summarizes research on rough surfaces constructed from various descriptions, including the multi-asperity surface, groove-textured surface, fractal surface, Gaussian surface, stepped surface and randomly rough surface. In addition, the friction behavior of rough substrates coated with solid films is comprehensively elucidated. Present investigations on rough surfaces primarily focus on the effect of basic frictional variables, surface morphology characteristics and different motion types. The studies conducted on rough substrates exhibit a higher degree of resemblance to realistic interfaces, thereby offering valuable insight into the design of surface morphology to achieve enhanced frictional performance.
A novel single image super-resolution reconstruction model based on edge-enhanced Siamese generative adversarial networks
Authors: Yi Cancan , Xue Jiacheng , Huang Tao , Xiao Han
Published: August 2024

Currently, most image super-resolution (SR) reconstruction algorithms are supervised, improving the overall visual quality of images based on a large amount of paired low-resolution and high-resolution (HR) image. However, collecting a large number of paired datasets is challenging, and the quality of the dataset can influence the reconstruction results. Although unsupervised methods have gained significant performance based on synthetic datasets, their effectiveness is relatively poor when applied to real-world or natural data. Focusing on those aforementioned issues, a novel image SR reconstruction algorithm of edge-enhanced Siamese generative adversarial network (EeSiGAN) is proposed. EeSiGAN belongs to the unsupervised category and does not require the involvement of HR images. Firstly, employing the Siamese GAN as the overall framework ensures the continuous consistency of image feature maps through the collaborative effect of support and main networks. Secondly, fusing the results of the two branches by using the multi- scale channel attention feature fusion module. In addition, an edge- enhanced feature distillation block is introduced to enhance edge information in images and optimize the capability in feature extraction of network. Finally, directional variance attention (DiVA) mechanism is used to obtain long-range spatial dependencies and simultaneously utilize inter-channel dependencies to achieve a more discriminative representation, thereby enhancing the overall quality of the recovered images. Extensive experimental results on synthetic and real datasets demonstrate that compared to other state-of-the-art unsupervised SR networks, the proposed EeSiGAN algorithm exhibits better performance in reconstructing images, producing clearer details and textures in the enlarged images.
Ag nanoparticles at p-Si/ MAPbI3 perovskite interface: improved photo responsivity and response speed in photodetection
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Tang Chenyu , Yang Jianming , Yang Dandan , Lv Wenli , Sun Lei , Xu Sunan , Lu Chengyu , Zhang Ningbo , Xu Xiaoyue , Hu Yang , Zhang Qiyue , Cao Xiancheng , Wang Shenghao , Jiang Lin , Peng Yingquan
Published: August 2024

Although enhanced performance of photovoltaic devices by embedding metal nanoparticles in charge transport layer, doping into active layer bulk, decorating the active layer surface, and inserting at the interface between semiconductor and the electrode were reported, the effect of incorporating metal NPs at the interface of single crystal semiconductor and perovskite is rarely tackled. Herein the effects of incorporating Ag nanoparticals (AgNPs) at p-Si/MAPbI3 perovskite interface on the photodiode performance were investigated. The results showed that compared with the reference device (without AgNPs) the photoresponsivity of the device incorporating AgNPs is greatly improved with the exception of light with wavelengths falling in the spectral range where AgNPs have strong optical absorption. This effect is extremely significant for relatively shorter wavelengths in the visible region, and a maximal improvement of around 10.6 times in photoresponsivity was achieved. The physical origin of the exception for spectral range that AgNPs have strong optical absorption is the cancelation of scatter resulted enhancement through AgNPs by band-to-band absorption resulted reduction of photocurrent, in which the generated electron has energy near the fermi level and the hole has large effective mass, which relax by nonradiative recombination, thus making not contribution to the photocurrent. More importantly, the AgNP decorated device showed much faster photo response speed than the reference device, and a maximal improvement of around 7.9 times in rise and fall time was achieved. These findings provide a novel approach for high responsive and high speed detection for weak light.
An efficient single-stage carry select adder using excess-1 FinFET circuit in 22 nm technology
Authors: Battini Jeevan , Kosaraju Sivani
Published: August 2024

Conventional carry select adders (CCSA) have two stages and are followed by multiplexers. CCSAs use ripple carry adders at two stages, which will introduce much delay due to carry propagation. To choose the option between an excess-1 result and a normal result, the CCSA employs a multiplexer. The proposed single-stage carry select adder (SSCSA) has a single stage and uses a new block to generate a normal and excess-1 result based on the readily available inputs (A and B). A novel architecture is developed and specifically designed to improve power dissipation and latency. It relies on a single circuit that produces normal/excess-1 results dependent on input carry. Heterogeneous logic combining CMOS, Dual Value Logic, and Transmission Gate Logic with 22 nm Fin-FETs powers the 1-bit SSCSA circuit. Better circuit regularity is displayed by the 4-bit SSCSA, as it only uses one type of 1-bit SSCSA. With the use of Cadence Virtuoso, ADEL, and ADEXL at 22 nm FinFET technology, all adders, including 4- and 8-bit adders, are designed, simulated, and examined. According to the resulting study, the 4-bit SSCSA outperforms the best adder among existing adders in terms of speed performance and power dissipation by 17.6% and 27.6%, respectively. By comparison with all other designs, SSCSAs outperform them at every corner.
Pressure tuning of the Se-substituted BiS2-based superconductor LaO0.5F0.5Bi(S

1
−
x

Se

x

)2
Authors: Kase Naoki , Kondo Katsuo , Watanabe Shigefumi , Miyakawa Nobuaki
Published: August 2024

We report the effect of hydrostatic pressure on LaO0.5F0.5Bi(S

1

−
x

Se
x
)2 with chemical pressure applied to a conducting layer by means of electrical resistivity and ac-magnetic susceptibility measurements up to 2.5 GPa. We confirmed the bulk superconductive nature of the low superconducting (low-SC) and high superconducting (high-SC) phase using ac-magnetic susceptibility under hydrostatic pressure. The

T

c

of the high-SC phase was observed to decrease with an increase in the Se substitution. The critical pressure

P

c

shifted toward the higher P and the P-induced transition broadened with an increase in the Se content. The

T

c

of the low-SC phase can be expressed by assuming an applied hydrostatic pressure of 0.75 GPa as the Se substitution of x = 0.1. The broad

P

c

transition is likely to be ascribed to the inhomogeneity of the Se substitution.
Robust decentralized controller design for highly Maneuverable Aircraft
Authors: Liu Jia-bin , Yang Bo-han , Chen Hui
Published: August 2024

Large-scale control systems often encounter challenges due to their intricate control structures, leading to delays and uncertainties when traditional centralized control methods are implemented in engineering applications. In response to these challenges and with the aim of enhancing control efficiency, the exploration of decentralized control approaches has become increasingly prominent. This paper presents two decentralized control strategies: fixed structure control theory, which is built upon the foundational principles of traditional robust controller design, and the weighted model approximation method, which integrates weighted model reduction with optimization strategies. The fixed structure control theory predetermines architecture of the controllers, significantly alleviating the computational burden associated with the development of robust controllers. Conversely, the weighted model approximation method proposes a more intuitive and succinct pathway for controller design and engineering application. The efficacy of these strategies is evaluated through their application to the Highly Maneuverable Aircraft (HIMAT) system. The results demonstrate that, the fixed structure control theory generally exhibits good performance. However, in certain engineering scenarios, the conclusions derived from the weighted model approximation method for decentralized controller design are easier to comprehend and facilitate rapid application.
Collective noise-resistant multi-party semi-quantum secret sharing protocols
Authors: Li Jian , Ye Chong-Qiang , Zhuo Wang
Published: August 2024

Semi-quantum secret sharing facilitates the sharing of private data between quantum users and ‘classical’ users with limited quantum capabilities, thereby lowering the barrier to utilizing quantum technology. However, most current semi-quantum secret sharing protocols are confined to ideal environments and two-party scenarios. In this paper, we design two collective noise-resistant multi-party semi-quantum secret sharing protocols based on decoherence-free states to address potential noise interference during transmission. These protocols use decoherence-free states as information carriers for data interaction and exhibit strong resilience to both internal and external threats. We also conduct simulation experiments using IBM Qiskit to verify the stability and feasibility of the protocols in the noisy environments. The results of these experiments underscore the robustness of the protocols, particularly in the presence of collective noise. Compared with previous related protocols, our protocols have advantages in noise resistance and applicability to multi-party scenarios. Therefore, the proposed protocols may be more in line with the secret sharing needs of actual environments.
Exploring the dynamical behaviour of optical solitons in integrable kairat-II and kairat-X equations
Authors: Xiao Yeliang , Barak Shoaib , Hleili Manel , Shah Kamal
Published: August 2024

The current research focusses on the establishment of an analytical approach known as the Riccati Modified Extended Simple equation Method (RMESEM) for the development and assessment of optical soliton solutions in two important Kairat equations. These models are known as Kairat-X equation (K-XE) and the Kairat-II equation (K-IIE), which describe the trajectory of optical pulses in optical fibres. Using RMESEM, the soliton solutions in five families–the periodic, rational, hyperbolic, rational-hyperbolic, and exponential functional families–are achieved for the targeted models. A set of 3D, 2D, and contour visualisations are presented to visually illustrate the dynamics of some produced optical soliton solutions which demonstrates that the due to the axial-periodic perturbation, the optical soliton solutions exhibit fractal phenomena in the realm of K-IIE whereas in the setting of K-XE the optical solitons adopt the form of kink solitons such as solitary kink, lump-type kink, dromion and periodic kink soliton structures. Moreover, our suggested RMESEM illustrates its usefulness by building a multitude of optical soliton solutions, providing valuable insights into the dynamics of the targeted models and indicating potential uses in addressing other nonlinear models.
Thermally tuned on-chip optical memory
Authors: Bose Anindya , Chakraborty Rajib
Published: August 2024

Phase-change materials, known as Chalcogenide alloys, are a promising alternative to traditional random-access memory. They possess characteristics that are particularly beneficial for non-volatile storage applications. The features of the Phase change material Ge-Sb-Te alloy (GST) used for substrate-integrated optical memory include scaling, quick switching times, minimal switching energy, and exceptional thermal stability. The material has two tuneable states, amorphous and crystalline, with the amorphous layer for loading data optically. In contrast, the crystalline state holds the data longer without significant loss. The study designed a classic thermally tuned optical memory on a silicon substrate. It demonstrated a dependency of lattice structure on external voltage and revealed a large storage capacity for information in the form of an optical signal. The heat transport simulation utilized the Heat Transport (HEAT) solver of the Finite Element Eigenmode (FEEM) solver. At the same time, the optical response analysis involved the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) solver of Lumerical. The proposed structure exhibits a memory-switching phenomenon when a temperature shift of about 60 °C from room temperature is induced by a change in the external voltage of 147 mV. These findings have substantial implications for non-volatile storage memory development, providing a potential solution for high-capacity, low-energy data storage.
Synthesis of nanoscale spinel aluminates powder and studies of their optical and structural properties
Authors: Mahi Khaled , Elassad Zemallach Ouari Kada , Mostefa Rabah
Published: August 2024

In this research, Manganese aluminate (MA), Nickel aluminate (NA), and Zinc aluminate (ZA) nanocrystallites were synthesized using the combustion method at a temperature of 1173 K. This technique was selected for its effectiveness in producing nanocrystalline materials with high purity and precise compositional control. The synthesized nanocrystallites underwent extensive characterization to understand their structural and optical properties. Techniques such as UV–visible spectrophotometry (UV–vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) were utilized to examine the impact of different cations (Mn2+, Ni2+, Zn2+) on the optical bandgap, binding energy, and crystallographic parameters of the materials. The optical bandgap values (Eg), determined using Tauc’s formula, were 4.121 eV for manganese aluminate, 3.819 eV for nickel aluminate, and 3.771 eV for zinc aluminate. FT-IR spectroscopy identified fundamental absorption peaks within the range of 450 to 750 cm−1, confirming the formation of aluminate spinel structures. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of a cubic spinel-type structure in all three prepared samples. The results revealed that the average crystallite sizes ranged from 23.890 nm to 45.100 nm, cell volumes varied between 521.47 Å3 and 548.68 Å3, lattice constants spanned from 8.258 Å to 8.049 Å, and inter-planar spacing ranged from 2.4268 nm to 2.4532 nm. These variations were observed as the cation transitioned from nickel to manganese passing through zinc element. Additionally, Rietveld refinements were performed to further analyze and refine the crystal structures based on XRD data. This comprehensive study aimed to elucidate the relationship between the synthesis conditions and the resultant properties of the nanocrystallites, providing insights into their potential applications in fields such as optoelectronics and photocatalysis.
Multi-pole soliton of discrete integrable equations and modified Riemann-Hilbert approach: discrete Hirota equation
Authors: Chen Yi-Pu , Yu Ya-Xuan , Li Biao
Published: August 2024

In this study, the Riemann-Hilbert approach was developed and applied to the discrete Hirota equation. We constructed a modified Riemann-Hilbert problem compatible with the discrete Hirota equation and derived a reconstruction formula for its solutions. Because the characteristic function contains a potential, we modify the Riemann-Hilbert approach to make the Riemann-Hilbert matrix have good asymptotic properties. We believe that the modified Riemann-Hilbert approach can also be applied to other discrete integrable models. By using the direct method of Laurent series, we obtained the expression of multi-pole solutions for the discrete Hirota equation and demonstrated the dynamic behavior of some solutions.
Characterization of composition dependence of properties of a MgNiO-based MSM structure
Authors: Doğan Ümit , Sarcan Fahrettin , Hut Elanur , Achinuq Barat , Althumali Ahmad , Aldawood Ibrahim , Kerrigan Adam , Lazarov Vlado K , Erol Ayşe
Published: August 2024

In this study, the effect of Mg composition on structural and optical properties of MgxNi1-xO alloy thin film single crystal semiconductors as well as their implementation into Metal-Semiconductor–Metal (MSM) photodetector are studied. An 850 meV blue-shift of the bandgap is observed from 3.65 eV to 4.50 eV with increasing Mg composition from 0% to 67%. The deep ultraviolet/visible rejection ratio, which is the ratio of photosensitivity at a peak wavelength of 360 nm to that at 450 nm is found to be ∼58 for Mg composition of 67%. Mg rich (%67 Mg) alloy-based photodetector is found to have two orders smaller dark current and have higher spectral response compared to NiO-based one. Spectral responsivities for MgxNi1-xO photodetectors are determined as 415 mA W−1, 80 mA W−1, and 5.6 mA W−1 for Mg compositions of 67%, 21%, and 0% (reference-NiO), respectively. Furthermore, the detectivity of the photodetectors enhances as Mg composition increases and the highest detectivity of a magnitude of ∼1011 Jones is found for the photodetector with Mg composition of 67%.
Employing the DFT engineering to tune the optoelectronic properties and mechanical performance of Europium-doped Barium Magnesium Silicate (BMS): a comparative study using HSE06 and GGA+U+SO functionals
Authors: Ullah Arbab Zaki , Khan M Tahir , Azam Sikander , Aamer Muhammad , Guo Xin , Elansary Hosam O , Khan Wilayat
Published: August 2024

With exceptional opto-electronic properties, BaMgSiO4 (BMS) is a valuable candidate for inorganic photochromatic materials. The host matrix BMS’s applications in high density optical memory, smart windows, photo switches, and LEDs have drawn the interest of researchers all over the world. So, the WIEN2k Package was employed to compute the optoelectronic properties of BaMgSiO4 and Ba1-xEuxMgSiO4. The electronic characteristics at the Ba/Eu sites of Ba1-xEuxMgSiO4 were investigated using the Full Potential Linearized Augmented Plane-Wave technique (FP-LAPW). Modern exchange and correlation potentials, namely the Heyd-Scuceria-Ernserhof (HSE06) and the GGA+U+SO potential, were employed to accurately describe the band structure and band gaps of the alloys. The parental material are identified as p-type semiconductors while the Eu doped materials as p-type semiconductors with gap energies of 4.147 and 3.172 (5.683 and 3.501) for BMS and BMS:Eu using GGA+U+SO (HSE06), respectively, are observed. The study included assessments of structural stabilities and mechanical optimization, with the obtained results precisely matching experimental outcomes. The BMS and Eu doped BMS material exhibit stable and ductile characteristics, as confirmed by the acquired elastic data, indicating rigid structures.
Simulation of flow field based on constrained fluid for electrolyte jet control
Authors: Wang Ying , Yuan Zewei , Sun Jingting , Tang Meiling , He Yan , Ning Zhiyuan
Published: August 2024

In previous studies, jets were controlled by adjusting parameters such as velocity, pressure, size and shape of nozzle, and temperature. In this study, a new method of controlling electrolyte jets was proposed by introducing a constrained fluid. To analyze the effects of the constrained fluid on the jet flow field, the initial jet velocity and velocity ratio of the flow field were examined. Simulation results showed that the proposed method can avoid stray deposition caused when the electrolyte is spread on the substrate surface. The electrolyte jet could be controlled by the constrained fluid, indicating the characteristic of cyclical fluctuation. The initial jet velocity and velocity ratio had different impacts on the flow field; the former mainly affected the velocity and pressure distribution. The relationship between the velocity of flow field and initial jet velocity was observed to be linear. However, the relationship between pressure of the flow field and initial jet velocity was quadratic. The velocity ratio had a significant impact on the state of electrolyte jet. At low initial jet velocities, the electrolyte jet was not continuous at different velocity ratios. When the initial jet velocity increased, cyclical fluctuations in the electrolyte jet weakened under high velocity ratios. The electrolyte jet diameter also decreased linearly as the velocity ratio increased. The velocity and pressure of the flow field were quadratically related to the velocity ratio. This indicates that the constrained fluid had a considerable impact on the flow field and state of the electrolyte jet. Moreover, the electrolyte jet could be controlled effectively by adjusting the initial jet velocity and velocity ratio to obtain a stable and small electrolyte jet diameter.
Formation of Alfvénic supernonlinear waves in a plasma containing double spectral distributed electrons
Authors: El-Tantawy A A , El-Taibany W F , El-Labany S K , Abdelghany A M
Published: August 2024

The characteristics of nonlinear and supernonlinear Alfvén waves propagating in a multicomponent plasma composed of a double spectral electron distribution and positive and negative ions were investigated. The Sagdeev technique was employed, and an energy equation was derived. Our findings show that the proposed system reveals the existence of a double-layer solution, periodic, supersoliton, and superperiodic waves. The phase portrait and potential analysis related to these waves were investigated to study the main features of existing waves. It was also found that decreasing the electron temperature helps the superperiodic structure to be excited in our plasma model. Our results help interpret the nonlinear and supernonlinear features of the recorded Alfvén waves propagating in the ionosphere D-region.
Can imaginarity be broadcast via real operations?
Authors: Zhang Linshuai , Li Nan
Published: August 2024

Imaginarity has proven to be a valuable resource in various quantum information processing tasks. A natural question arises: can the imaginarity of quantum states be broadcast via real operations? In this work, we present explicit structures for nonreal states whose imaginarity can be broadcast and cloned. That is, for a nonreal state, its imaginarity can be cloned if and only if it is a direct sum of several maximally imaginary states under orthogonal transformation, and its imaginarity can be broadcast if and only if it is a direct sum of a real state and some nonreal qubit states which are mixtures of two orthogonal maximally imaginary states under orthogonal transformation. In particular, we show that for a nonreal pure state, its imaginarity cannot be broadcast unless it is a maximally imaginary state. Furthermore, we derive a trade-off relation on the imaginarity broadcasting of pure states in terms of the measure of irreversibility of quantum states concerning real operations and the geometric measure of imaginarity. In addition, we demonstrate that any faithful measure of imaginarity is not superadditive.
Validation study of RWM stability in DIII-D high-βN plasmas
Authors: Zhao Y.F. , Li L. , Chan V. , Liu Y.Q. , Garofalo A.M. , Hao G.Z. , Wang Z.X. , Ding S.Y. , Wang S. , Dong G.Q.
Published: August 2024

The n = 1 (n is the toroidal mode number) resistive wall mode (RWM) stability is numerically investigated for two DIII-D high-β

N
discharges 176440 and 172461, utilizing the MARS-F (Liu et al 2000 Phys. Plasmas
7 3681) and MARS-K (Liu et al 2008 Phys. Plasmas
15 112503) codes. Systematic validation efforts are attempted, for the first time, for discharges with very slow or vanishing toroidal flow for a large fraction of the plasma volume. While gaining physics insights in accessing stable operation regime at β

N
exceeding the Troyon no-wall limit in these slow-rotation experiments, the predictive capability of fluid and non-perturbative magnetohydrodynamic-kinetic hybrid models for the RWM is further confirmed. The MARS-F fluid model, with a strong but numerically tunable viscosity mimicking ion Landau damping of parallel sound waves, finds complete stabilization of the n = 1 RWM in the considered DIII-D plasmas under the experimental flow conditions. Similarly, either full stabilization (for discharge 176440) or marginal stability (for discharge 172461) of the mode is computed by the MARS-K hybrid model, which is first-principle based without free model parameters. In particular, all drift kinetic resonances, including those of thermal and energetic particles, are found to synergistically act to marginally stabilize the RWM in discharge 172461. These MARS-F/K modeling results explain the experimentally observed stable operational regime in DIII-D, as far as the RWM stability is concerned. Extensive numerical sensitivity studies, with respect to the plasma toroidal flow speed as well as the radial location of the resistive wall, are also carried out to further support the validation study.