bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qualidade higiênico-sanitária de esponjas utilizadas em unidades de alimentação e nutrição em Fortaleza, Ceará
Authors: Rocha Marlene da , Moreira Marta da Rocha
Published: November 2016

Esponjas usadas na higiene dos utensílios nas cozinhas das Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição (UAN) podem transferir quantidades suficientes de micro-organismos para os alimentos, uma vez que elas entram em contato com diversos utensílios e equipamentos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a contaminação microbiológica de esponjas utilizadas em serviços de alimentação. Neste estudo, 10 esponjas foram coletadas em 10 UANs e posteriormente transferidas para o laboratório, onde foi realizada a análise dos micro- organismos coliformes fecais, Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e Salmonella sp. Das 10 avaliadas, 60% (n=6) estavam contaminadas com coliformes fecais e todas as esponjas que apresentaram contaminação tinham entre quatro e seis dias de uso. Já nas pesquisas para Staphylococcus e Salmonella sp., todos os resultados foram negativos. Conclui-se que contaminação pode ser de origem fecal. Sendo assim, é necessário um controle mais eficaz no treinamento e na supervisão das condições de higiene dos manipuladores nas UANs para evitar a disseminação dos surtos de doenças transmitidas por alimentos (DTAs).
Desconhecimento acerca do Sistema de Informação de Acidente de Consumo em Fortaleza, Ceará
Authors: Santos Francisca Veronilde Santiago dos , Aguiar Shandra Carmen Sales de
Published: November 2016

A criação do Código de Proteção e Defesa do Consumidor (Lei nº 8.078/90) surgiu para equilibrar as relações de consumo. Os acidentes de consumo ocorrem quando for constatado um defeito no produto ou serviço, causando danos ao consumidor ou riscos à sua saúde. Em 2013, o Ministério da Justiça criou o Sistema de Informações de Acidentes de Consumo (SIAC). Esse trabalho teve o propósito de analisar o nível de conhecimento sobre o SIAC em Fortaleza (CE). Foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo, com aplicação de 110 questionários em uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES) da rede pública no período de outubro a novembro de 2014. De acordo com os entrevistados, 59,09% desconhecem o que seria acidente de consumo. Em relação ao SIAC, 89,09% não sabem da sua existência e 90,91% desconhecem sua funcionalidade. É necessário que os consumidores sejam informados sobre os acidentes de consumo e sobre esse sistema, para que os acidentes que possam surgir sejam registrados, no intuito de que os órgãos de proteção e defesa do consumidor atuem de maneira correta e eficiente junto aos fornecedores dos produtos e serviços que estiverem desrespeitando os ditames da Lei Protetiva do Consumidor.
Waist circumference: measurement protocols and their practical applicability
Authors: Oliveira Leonardo Furtado de , Rodrigues Paula Alves Salmito
Published: November 2016

Circunferências de cintura e abdômen chamam atenção, pois muitas vezes são confundidas, não havendo um consenso sobre pontos de medida e sobre como diferenciar circunferência de cintura e circunferência abdominal. Nosso objetivo foi compilar estudos que utilizaram essas medidas, comparando metodologias, objetivos e ocasiões nas quais elas foram usadas. Para isso, foram consultados livros brasileiros, bem como artigos das bases SciELO e PubMed, com os descritores: “circunferência de cintura”, “circunferência de abdômen”, “equações preditivas”, “relação cintura-quadril”, “waist circumference”, “waist circumference diseases” e “risk obesity”. Encontramos 34 referências, que não foram limitadas por período de publicação, abrangendo publicações pioneiras no assunto. Os resultados mostram três pontos para “circunferência de cintura” mais presentes na literatura, cujas medidas são significativamente diferentes em mulheres. A circunferência de cintura é usada para predição de risco cardiovascular como componente em equações de predição de densidade corporal, estatura, peso e índice de conicidade; e em relação com outras medidas, como quadril e estatura. Concluímos que existe uma padronização na forma como a circunferência de cintura é determinada, dependendo do objetivo a que ela vai servir, podendo ser medida no ponto médio entre as costelas e crista ilíaca, na região de menor perímetro do tronco, ou na região de maior perímetro do tronco.
SPEEM: The photoemission microscope at the dedicated microfocus PGM beamline UE49-PGMa at BESSY II
Authors: Kronast Florian , Valencia Molina Sergio
Published: November 2016

The UE49-PGMa beamline hosts a photoemission electron microscope (PEEM) dedicated to spectromicroscopy and element-selective magnetic imaging on the nanometer scale. The instrument is an Elmitec PEEM III equipped with energy filter and Helium cooled manipulator. Laser driven excitations can be studied using an attached Ti:Sa laser. A variety of customized sample holders is available for imaging in moderate magnetic / electric field, temperature control, or local laser excitations. With x-rays the instrument is capable of 30 nm spatial resolution.
Paper Flower, Bougainvillea spectabilis: Update Properties of Traditional Medicinal Plant
Authors: Ghogar Anisa , Jiraungkoorskul Kanitta , Jiraungkoorskul Wannee
Published: November 2016

Paper Flower, Bougainvillea spectabilis is reported to have medicinal values including antiancer, antidiabtic, anti-heptotoxic, anti-inflammtory, antiyperlipidemic, antimicrobial, antioxidant and antiulcer properties. The phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, flvonoids, glycosides, phenolics, phlobotannins, quinones, saponins, tannins and terpenoids were reported as the basis of therapeutic properties. The other important constituents which contribute to the remedial properties are bougainvinones, pinitol, quercetagetin, quercetin and terpinolene. Published information on these update properties of B. spectabilis was gathered by the use of diferent database platorms, including Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, SciFinder and Scopus. This review article has attempted to suggest B. spectabilis, to be one of the choices in the traditional medicinal plant.
A Doubled-Blind, Crossover-RCT in T2DM for Evaluating Hypoglycemic Effect of P. indicus, M. charantia, P. vulgaris and A. paniculata in Central Java
Authors: Azam Mahalul , Saerang Charles Ong , Rahayu Sri Ratna , Indrawati Fitri , Budiono Irwan , Fibriana Arulita Ika , Azinar Muhammad , Sa'dyah Nur Anna C. , Cahyono Erwin Budi , Lesmana Ronny
Published: November 2016

This study investigated whether mixture extract of Pterocarpus indicus, Momordica charantia, Phaseolus vulgaris and Andrographis paniculata could lower plasma glucose in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients. 43 T2DM patients, consist of 10 male and 33 female patients participated in this possitive-controlled, double-blind, and crossover clinical study with administration of either mixture extract (22 mg/kg BW) or glibenclamide 5 mg daily in breakfast time. Treatment of extract or glibenclamide was administered for a month, then medication was changed after a week of washout period and finally combination therapy was administered after wash out period as well. The efficacy of mixture extracts was measured by using Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) and two-hour Postprandial Plasma Glucose (PPG). Forty-one subjects completed the study. Data was analyzed using SPSS 19 with Student's t test, and p<0.05 was considered significant. FPG level significantly decreased 16.07 mg/dl after extract, 43.34 mg/dl after glibenclamide and 50.16 mg/dl after combination treatment. Two-hour PPG level decreased 25.88 mg/dl after extract, 66.61 after glibenclamide and 58.93 after combination treatment. We concluded that extract administration could lower FPG and PPG although not as good as glibenclamide treatment did and combination treatment was the best to lower FPG.
Administration of Purwoceng (Pimpinella alpina Molk) Improves Oxidative Stress Biomarker Following UVC Irradiation in Spargue-Dawley Male Rats
Authors: Nasihun Taufiqurrachman , Widayati Eni
Published: November 2016

Introduction: UVC may induce oxidative stress mediated by ROS. Pimpinella alpina Molk (PaM) have been utilized by aging male as rejuvenation remedy. Objective: To elucidate the PaM effect on oxidative stress biomarker in rats. Methods: 25 of Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into 5 groups, PaM with a dosage of 50, 100, and 150 mg were administered during 15 days to evaluate the biomarker of oxidative stress following UVC irradiation for 30 minutes beforehand. The oxidative stress biomarkers were measured by TBARS and FRAP assay respectively. Results: Post Hoc analysis demonstrated that MDA and 8-OHdG concentration in PaM group were significantly lower (p < 0.001), otherwise the concentration of TAC in PaM group were significantly higher, p < 0.001. Conclusion: Administration of PaM with 50, 100, and 150 mg dosage capable of improving oxidative stress biomarker in Sprague-Dawley male rats.
Distribution rule of melanocytes in Taihe Silky Fowl’s black skin
Authors: Li Yong , Guo Hui , Zhong Youbao , Hu Xiaofen
Published: November 2016

The aim was to investigate distribution characteristics of melanocytes in Taihe Silky Fowl’s skin by Lillie’s and DOPA staining methods and transmission electron microscopy. According to the present results, mature melanocytes were mainly located in basal layer of epidermis and hair follicle bulbs, whereas the amelanotic melanocytes were in the outer root sheath of hair follicles. In various partial skins, maturity levels of melanocytes generally were as: claw skin>rear skin>dorsal skin>abdominal skin>wattle skin>cockscomb skin. In mature melanocytes, melanosomes were divided into stage I, II, III and IV, and mostly belonged to stage IV. To conclude, melanocytes in hairy skin more easily reached mature status than in meaty skin and the melanocytes in dorsal skin matured faster than in abdominal skin as well. Furthermore, the melanin migration was subjected to the strict control of melanocytes, but had nothing to do with keratinocytes.
Molecular phylogeny of Barbin fishes of North - East India based on mitochondrial 16SrRNA gene sequences
Authors: Sobita N. , Basudha Ch.
Published: November 2016

The Barbin fishes (Cypriniformes: Barbinae) have achieved great diversity in the world and cosmopolitan in distribution but their phyletic classification is ambiguous. Molecular phylogeny of barbin fishes of North-East India was studied by using mitochondrial 16S rRNA sequences. Partial sequences (540-615 bp) of mit. 16S rRNA genes of four species of barbin fishes – Pethia atra, Puntius chola, P. javanicus, and P. sophore were generated and sequences of 7 species were downloaded from GenBank for present study. The aim of our present study is to resolve the taxonomic relationship and to establish the molecular phylogeny of Barbin fishes of North-East India based on mitochondrial 16S rRNA genes sequences. The Maximum Parsimony Tree shows three clusters with high bootstrap value and present data indicates that all fishes in this group had a common ancestor but now they have separated into distinct evolutionary lineages.
Antioxidant potentials of Terminalia catappa leaf extract in Streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats
Authors: Divya Natarajan , anand Arumugam Vijaya
Published: November 2016

The objective of this study to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of the ethanolic extract of Terminalia catappa in vivo in Wistar albino rats. Streptozotocin (STZ) used as toxin it induces diabetes, damages the cell membrane and causes oxidative stress. The leaves (T. catappa) were extracted using 95 % ethanol by hot continuous percolation method. The extracts were concentrated by rotaevaporador. The residues extract were administrated orally to the STZ induced diabetes animals. After 45th day the animals were sacrificed and blood, liver tissues were collected and various antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), were reduced in the STZ alone treated animals with subsequent increase in LPO. The serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids (FFA), phospholipids, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) was found out. Treatment with ethanolic extract of T. catappa at a dose of 300, 500 mg/kg once in a day has altered the levels of biochemical markers and brings back to near normal levels. Among which the dose 500 mg/kg having scavenging action to eradicate free radicals and maintained antioxidant status. The statistical data of P Values less than 0.001 were considered as level of significance.
Effect of mineral-vitamin supplementation to milk on growth, health, hematological and biochemical values in Holstein calves
Authors: Ozkaya S. , Neja W.
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study was to research the effect of mineral-vitamin supplementation to milk on growth, hematological, biochemical and health in Holstein calves. An average 7-day-old twenty-two Holstein calves were housed in individual boxes. Calves were separated into 2 groups (n=11), first group was fed with whole milk; while the second group was fed with mineral-vitamin (MV) supplemented milk. Calves were weaned at 8 weeks of age. After weaning period, calves which were fed MV supplemented milk had significantly higher body weight than those which were fed with whole milk. The effect of MV supplemented milk on body measurements (BMs) was not statistically significant except for Chest girth (CG). MV supplemented milk reduced the incidence of diarrhea and the average number of diarrheic days. MV supplementation had no significant effect on blood parameters analyzed except for Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and serum Glucose (GLU).
Brucella infection in goats in Hubei province, China
Authors: Song Xianzhang , Li Kun , Zhang Hui , Lan Yanfang , Luo Houqiang
Published: November 2016

Brucellosis is a zoonotic animal disease causing a serious obstacle to public health, social and economic progress, food security and food safety. The present study was to investigate the prevalence of Brucella infection in goats in Hubei province, China. A total 2007serum samples were obtained from 6 counties in Hubei province in 2014 and 2015 and were tested for antibodies to Brucella by serum agglutination test. The results showed that the seroprevalence of Brucella in goats was 0.25% (95% CI= 0.1-0.6). In different genders, the prevalence were 0.21% (95% CI= 0-0.8) and 0.28% (95% CI= 0.1-0.8) in male and female goats, respectively. In different seasons, the prevalence ranged from 0 to 0.38% with the distribution of that 0 (95 CI: 0.0, 0.1) in spring; 0.35% (95 CI: 0.1, 0.3) in summer; 0.38% (95 CI: 0.1, 0.6) in autumn and 0 (95 CI: 0.0, 1.3) in winter, respectively. The present study herein indicated the existence of Brucella infection in goats in Hubei province in serology for the first time.
Model of carrying on trade of beef cattle at slaughterhouse in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Nurtini* Sudi , Baliarti Endang , Chotimah Defi Chusnul
Published: November 2016

The objective of the research was to know the accuracy of the model of carrying on trade. The materials of this research were 93 heads of cattle consisted Ongole Grade (OG) and its crossing (OG cross). The results showed that the margin (the difference between selling price and buying price) for OG and OG cross were 415,419.00.00IDR/head and 551,032.00IDR/head, respectively. The result of multiple regression analysis showed that the margin could be explained jointly and very significant (P less than 0.01) by slaughtered weight of cattle, weight of carcass, BCS, age estimation, sex, and breed of cattle (R2= 0.8060). Partially, the slaughtered weight of cattle, weight of carcass, BCS, and breed of cattle were positive and very significant influence on the margin got by cattle supplier, while the age estimation and sex positive and significant (P less than 0.05) influence on the margin got by the cattle supplier.
A study regarding the fertility discrimination of eggs by using ultrasound
Authors: Önler1 Eray , Çelen1 Ilker H , Gulhan2 Timur , Boynukara3* Banur
Published: November 2016

The aim of this research was to track the growth of chicken eggs, and make a decision as to whether the egg was fertilized or not. A digital imaging system has been developed in order to take an image from six different points without damaging the egg shell. All the images were transferred to a PC and turned into binary images. All the images were reduced to 1024 pixels and fed directly into the classification algorithm. The logistic regression method was used to discriminate the fertility of the eggs. Python programming language and the scikit-learn machine learning library was used to carry out the classifications. True positive, true negative, wrong positive, and wrong negative detection numbers in the trials were 350, 344, 56, and 50, respectively. Negative indicates the egg was infertile, and positive indicated that the egg was fertilized. The model accuracy was measured as 0.8675.
Changes in lysozyme concentrations over time in cultures of southern Bluefin Tuna, Thunnus maccoyii
Authors: Sun1 Jinhui , Ma2 Lin , Li1 Jinghui , Bai1 Dongqing , Cheng1 Zhenyan , Qiao1* Xiuting
Published: November 2016

An 8-week trial in ranching cages was conducted to determine lysozyme concentration changes, and to examine the relationship between fish condition index, fish sizes, and fish lysozyme concentrations in southern bluefin tuna (SBT). Frozen pilchard were prepared for SBT each day during the ranching trial period. The results showed that lysozyme concentrations significantly increased in southern bluefin tuna over time in the culture. The lysozyme concentrations increased continuously from week 0 to week 8, from 26.09±13.46 to 215.91±62.11 µg/ml, representing an almost 800% increase. During the 8 weeks, the number of Cardicola forsteri and Caligus spp increased from 0 to 9.2±5.45 and 1.1±1.6, respectively. As C. forsteri or Caligus spp increased, lysozyme concentrations increased. In addition, the lysozyme concentration increased with increases in weight, length, and condition index. This study aimed to provide a theoretical basis for artificial SBT health cultures.
Performance appraisal and genetic parameter estimation of all lactation traits in Karan fries cattle
Authors: Dash Shakti Kant , Gupta A.K. , Singh Avtar , Chakravarty A.K. , Singh Manvendra , Kumar Virendra
Published: November 2016

Present investigation comprehends the study of the effect of genetic and non-genetic factors and estimation of genetic parameters of Karan Fries cattle with respect to production and reproduction traits across all lactations. Data consisted of a total of 5878 lactation records on 1988 cows over a period of 32 years (1981 to 2012), maintained at ICAR-NDRI, Karnal. Overall least-squares means for CFS(days), SP(days), LL(days), CI(days), 305MY(kg), TMY(kg), MY/LL(kg/days), MY/CI(kg/days) and DPR were found to be 78.21±1.59, 115.46±2.14, 326.57±2.60, 403.91±2.54, 3634.78 ± 30.91, 3976.77 ± 41.03, 12.19 ± 0.08, 10.28 ± 0.08 and 0.37 ± 0.80, respectively. Both production and fertility traits were significantly affected by different factors viz. season of calving, period of calving, parity and genetic group. LSANOVA heritability estimates of SP, CI, LL, CFS, DPR, 305MY, TMY, MY/LL, MY/CI were 0.18±0.08, 0.15±0.07, 0.11±0.05, 0.10±0.09, 0.07±0.07, 0.39±0.09, 0.26±0.07, 0.35±0.08 and 0.42±0.10, respectively. Heritability estimates indicated that fertility traits were less affected by additive gene action. Genetic correlation estimates indicated unfavourable positive correlation between fertility and production traits.
Isoflurane sparing effect of diazepam and midazolam to xylazine-ketamine induction and isoflurane maintenance in goats
Authors: Vishnugurubaran D. , Kathirvel S. , Senthilkumar S. , Balasundaram K. , Dharmaceelan S.
Published: November 2016

The clinical study was undertaken to assess the isoflurane sparing effect of diazepam and midazolam during isoflurane anaesthesia in goats. The study was conducted in 12 clinical cases of goats randomly divided into two equal groups. In all the animals, xylazine hydrochloride was administered at the dose rate of 0.05 mg per kg body weight intramuscularly. In group I and II, diazepam and midazolam were administered at the dose rate of 0.5 mg per kg body weight i.v. respectively, prior to induction of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was induced with ketamine hydrochloride at the dose rate of 5 mg per kg body weight i.v. and was maintained with isoflurane employing rebreathing circuit. The end-tidal isoflurane concentration required to maintain surgical plane of anaesthesia was significantly lower in group II (0.82 ± 0.03 per cent) indicating that inclusion of midazolam in the anaesthetic protocol had significant (28 per cent) isoflurane sparing effect.
Low density lipoprotein on poor quality mithun (Bos frontalis) semen preservation
Authors: Perumal* P. , Srivastava S.K. , Baruah K.K. , Rajoriya J.S. , Srivastava N.
Published: November 2016

Low density lipoproteins (LDL) extracted from hens egg yolk (EY) has been studied over EY based extender for liquid storage of mithun semen with the objective to explore the use of LDL in place of EY. Physio-morphological attributes (PMAs) and mobility and velocity parameters were measured by computer assisted sperm analyser (CASA). Leakage of intracellular enzymes, activity of total antioxidants and lipid peroxidation following liquid storage (5oC) of mithun semen were studied. Fifty ejaculates were collected through transrectal massage method from matured mithun bulls and based on the mass activity and individual motility; the semen samples were splited into good and poor quality and diluted with the tris citrate glycerol (TCG) extender and were splited into three equal aliquots: Group I: Control, EY; Group II and Group III contained 8 and 10% LDL (w/v), respectively. PMAs, intracellular enzymatic leakage and biochemical profiles were evaluated at 5°C following 10hrs incubation. Result revealed a significant (p less than 0.05) improvement in PMAs, CASA parameters and cholesterol content of spermatozoa as well as reduction in leakage of intracellular enzymes, oxidative stress in Group II than control and other treatment group. It was concluded that addition of 8% LDL holds a clear advantage over EY or 10% LDL in liquid preservation of mithun semen.
Propagación in vitro de Solanum dolichosepalum (Solanaceae) / In vitro Propagation of Solanum dolichosepalum (Solanaceae)
Authors: Cárdenas Burgos Camilo Andrés
Published: November 2016

ResumenSe estableció un protocolo para micropropagación de Solanum dolichosepalum a partir de semillas desinfectadas con NaOCl y germinadas en MS/4. La multiplicación de microtallos se realizó por segmentos nodales, evaluando el efecto de la posición del segmento nodal, concentración de AIB y BA, concentración de sales MS en presencia de AIB, concentración de sales MS y sacarosa en presencia de carbón activado, diferentes medios de cultivo y concentración de carbón activado sobre la longitud total de microtallos, promedio de yemas neoformadas, porcentaje de microtallos con callo basal y porcentaje de microtallos enraizados. Después de 20 días de cultivo en MS/4 el 100% de las semillas cultivadas desarrollaron plántulas de apariencia normal. La multiplicación de microtallos fue exitosa en medio H con 20% de sacarosa suplementado con 0,02 mg/L de ANA y de BA, después de 30 días de subcultivo los microtallos desarrollados alcanzaron 4 cm de longitud, formaron 4 yemas axilares, el 3 % formó callo basal y el 100% presentó enraizamiento. La aclimatización de plántulas se realizó exitosamente en una mezcla de tierra, capote y arena (3:2:1). Este protocolo forma parte de un programa de producción de material injertado de lulo de castilla para establecimiento de huertos comerciales. AbstractA protocol for micropropagation of Solanum dolichosepalum was established from seeds disinfected withNaOCl and germinated in MS/4. Multiplication of microshoots was performed by nodal segments evaluating the effect of the nodal segment position, BA and IBA concentrations, MS salts concentration in presence of AIB, MS salts and sucrose concentration in the presence of activated charcoal, different culture media, and activated charcoal concentration on the total length of microshoots, average of newly formed buds, percentage of microshoots with basal callus and percentage of rooted microshoots. After 20 days of culture in MS/4 100% of cultured seeds developed plantlets with normal appearance. Microshoots multiplication was successful in medium H with 2% sucrose supplemented with 0,02 mg L-1 NAA and BA; after 30 days of subculture, the developed microshoots reached 4 cm in length, formed four axillary buds, 3% formed basal callus and 100% developed roots. Plantlets acclimatization was successfully performed on a mixture of soil, mulch and sand (3:2:1). This protocol is part of a program to produce grafted material of “Lulo de Castilla” for establishment of commercial orchards.
Estructura y composición florística del bosque seco tropical de Sanguaré-Sucre (Colombia) / Structure and Floristic Composition of Tropical Dry Forest of Sanguaré-Sucre (Colombia)
Authors: Mercado Gomez Jorge
Published: November 2016

ResumenEn el presente estudio se analizó la estructura y composición de la vegetación en fragmentos de bosque seco tropical en la Reserva Natural Sanguaré (San Onofre, Sucre-Colombia), estableciendo la riqueza de plantas y ciertos parámetros estructurales para medir la organización y dinámica del bosque. En cada fragmento de bosque se hicieron levantamientos de vegetación con base en los transectos tipo RAP modificados. Con base en las identificaciones, conteos de especies y datos sobre estructura como la altura y el DAP, para establecer las familias, géneros y especies más importantes, los hábitos de crecimiento y perfil de vegetación. Dentro de los resultados se encontraron 658 individuos, agrupados en 37 familias, 81 géneros y 82 especies. Los grupos taxonómicos más importantes fueron Fabaceae con 23 especies, seguida de Malvaceae (Bombacoideae), Arecaceae y Rubiaceae. En el habito de crecimiento, los arboles fueron dominantes y el palmetum tuvo una alta representación, como un dato atípico al bosque seco. Con base en los datos de altura se determinó que su mayor valor fue de 15 metros en promedio, lo que nos permite inferir el estado de sucesión ecológica en el que se encuentran estos bosques.    AbstractIn the present study we analyzed the structure and composition of a tropical dry forest fragment in theNatural Reserve Sanguare (San Onofre, Sucre, Colombia). We established the richness of plants and the structural parameters to measure the organization and dynamics of the forest. In each forest fragments we made a vegetation survey with RAP’s modified transect type method. We made taxonomic identification, species counts and structure measurements such as height and DBH, to establish the most important families, genera and species; the growth habits and vegetation profile. We found 658 individuals, grouped in 37 families, 81 genera and 82 species. The most important taxonomic in terms of richness were Malvaceae, Fabaceae, Caesalpinaceae, Mimosaceae, Rubiaceae and Moraceae; while as an abundant taxa Caesalpinaceae,  Sapindaceae, Malvaceae, Bignoniaceae y Rubiaceae where important. The dominant habits of growth were trees and the palmetum had a high representation as an outlier to the dry forest. The greatest height of trees was 15 meters on average, which allows us to infer the forest is in an early succession.
“Mein Gmut ist mir verwirret”: contrafactum-practice in the Liedboek van die Kerk (“Afrikaans Hymn book of the Church”)
Authors: Kruger Daleen
Published: November 2016

The contrafactum-practice which utilises secular melodies and/or texts as sources in the creation of sacred hymns, is an age-old tradition. This practice generated amongst others a few Protestant hymns (particularly in the German Reformed context), which are viewed today as important hymns in the hymn corpus. One example would be the hymn for lent, “Herzlich tut mich verlangen”. In several historic sources the use of secular melodies in church hymns is motivated: the fact that the melodies are already well-known amongst the congregation would make it easy to learn the new texts. Sources also confirm that this practice makes the songs more accessible for the youth. This article explores the development of selected hymns from the Liedboek van die Kerk (2001) (“Afrikaans Hymn book of the Church”) to determine their secular roots and describe how they developed into sacred hymns. It is pointed out that the utilisation of the melodies as settings for different sacred texts, illustrates their quality and flexibility and is instrumental in their acceptance as hymn tunes. It is also argued that historic distance between the secular source and the church hymn contributes to the weakening of the original secular association. The ongoing debate on the secular versus the sacred is also touched upon, and finally the renewed interest in contrafacta in the late 20th and early 21st century is discussed. Die kontrafaktuurpraktyk, waar sekulêre melodieë en/of tekste as bronne gebruik word in die skep van geestelike tekste en/of melodieë, kom al eeue lank in kerkliedere voor. Hierdie werkswyse het onder andere ŉ aantal Protestantse liedere opgelewer (veral in Duitse Reformatoriese verband), wat deesdae as groot liedere van die kerkliedskat geag word. Een voorbeeld is die lydenslied “Herzlich tut mich verlangen”. In verskeie historiese bronne word die gebruik van sekulêre melodieë by kerkliedtekste gemotiveer: die melodieë was reeds bekend en daarom kon die nuwe liedtekste makliker aangeleer word. Die toeganklikheid vir die jeug staan ook voorop. Hierdie artikel ondersoek enkele liedere in die Liedboek van die Kerk (2001) ten einde vas te stel wat die sekulêre wortels daarvan was. Voorts word aangetoon hoe die liedere as geestelike liedere ontwikkel het. Daar word verwys na die hergebruik van sekere melodieë by ŉ verskeidenheid tekste, wat dui op die aanpasbaarheid van die kontrafakmelodieë en die mate waarin dit inslag gevind het as kerkliedmelodieë. Verder word daar geredeneer dat historiese afstand tussen die sekulêre bron en die kontrafak daartoe bygedra het dat so ŉ lied sy sekulêre assosiasies mettertyd verloor het. In hierdie artikel kom die voortdurende debat waarin die geestelike teenoor die sekulêre musiek staan ten opsigte van gebruik in die erediens ook ter sprake. Die hernude belangstelling in en skepping van kontrafakte vanaf die laaste dekades van die 20ste eeu word ook ten slotte onder die soeklig geplaas.
The Variation of Post-Vowel –S in the Portuguese Dialect of Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Brito Edvan Pereira de
Published: November 2016

A cidade do Rio de Janeiro é conhecida por sua beleza exuberante e sua cultura única. Pelo menos entre os brasileiros, a cidade também se destaca por suas características dialetais, das quais a realização alveopalatal do –s pós-vocálico é provavelmente a mais notável. No dialeto carioca, –s pós-vocálico é geralmente pronunciado como os sons alveopalatais [ʃ] e [ʒ], diferente das pronúncias alveolares [s] e [z], mais comuns em alguns outros dialetos do português brasileiro. Em vista disso, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a variação de –s pós-vocálico no referido dialeto para saber quais são os fatores linguísticos e sociais mais relevantes para a ocorrência desse fenômeno de variação. Seguindo os princípios da sociolinguística variacionista, foi analisada a influência de duas variáveis linguísticas – idade e gênero – e duas variáveis não-linguísticas – contexto sonoro seguinte e tipo silábico. Depois da análise dos dados com o VABRUL, constatou-se que tipo silábico e idade foram os grupos de fatores com influência mais significativa para a ocorrência de [ʃ] e [ʒ]. Contexto sonoro seguinte e gênero foram descartados como insignificantes.
Criando “bancos de árvores”: o sistema de anotação e o processamento automático
Authors: Faria Pablo , Galves Charlotte
Published: November 2016

Neste trabalho, discute-se a importante relação entre o sistema de anotação sintática e o processamento automático, mais especificamente, a análise automática, no contexto da criação de "bancos de árvores" ou treebanks. Um experimento é conduzido para comparar a performance do parseador sobre duas versões do sistema de anotação utilizado no Corpus Tycho Brahe. Os resultados demonstram que um sistema de anotação mais conciso e informativo favorece a performance. Como conclusão, são sugeridos dois princípios norteadores para especificação do sistema de anotação e treinamento do parseador. Por fim, a discussão é contextualizada a partir de uma visão geral do processo de construção de um treebank e de sua importância na pesquisa linguística.
Apresentação
Authors: Mori Angel Corbera
Published: November 2016

LIAMES - LÍNGUAS INDÍGENAS AMERICANAS é uma revista especializada em línguas ameríndias, editada sob os auspícios do Departamento de Linguística, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem, da Universidade Estadual de Campinas – UNICAMP. Esta publicação agrega, a um só tempo, o interesse científico no conhecimento, análise e estudo comparativo de um grande conjunto de línguas naturais, faladas pelas sociedades indígenas das Américas, e um compromisso de respeito e defesa dessas sociedades, suas culturas e seus direitos.LIAMES é um periódico voltado às línguas indígenas faladas nas três Américas, com especial interesse em contribuir para uma maior integração dos pesquisadores da América do Sul.Esta revista está aberta à colaboração de pesquisadores de línguas indígenas americanas, franqueando seu espaço à divulgação de artigos, resenhas, entrevistas e notas relacionadas a pesquisas e eventos sobre línguas indígenas.Os trabalhos, em cópias anônimas, serão apreciados mediante o sistema “Double Blind Peer Review,” que opinarão quanto ao mérito e adequação ao escopo da revista.Toda sugestão ou críticas será bem-vinda.
Descrição gramatical do Kaiowá (Guarani)
Authors: Mori Angel Corbera
Published: November 2016

Resenha do livro "Descrição gramatical do Kaiowá (Guarani). Pontos essenciais", da autora Valéria Faria Cardoso, editado pela Verlag editora, Novas edições acadêmicas.
A teoria da dependência como matriz para um diálogo latino-americano
Authors: Lotufo Marcelo Freddi
Published: November 2016

Este ensaio procura recuperar a “teoria da dependência” como uma matriz para pensarmos o continente latino-americano tanto em sua parte lusófona como hispânica. Um debate que preza o diálogo e articula tanto o nacional como o continental e o global, os desenvolvimentos culturais pensados em torno da noção de dependência podem ser uma maneira para se combater a divisão histórica que separa as histórias intelectuais do Brasil e de seus vizinhos; uma divisão que foi apontada por Júlio Schwartz em seu ensaio “Abaixo Tordesilhas!”.  A partir dos dois desenvolvimentos culturais mais conhecidos deste debate, “As ideias fora do lugar”, de Roberto Schwarz, e “colonialidade do poder”, de Aníbal Quijano, discuto as possibilidades que o estudo comparativo de modelos teóricos abre para que repensemos nossas matrizes nacionais de formas mais inclusivas. Isto é, ao compararmos modelos teóricos pensados para o Brasil e o Peru precisamos repensar, diante dos diferentes contextos, certas ênfases e insights que pareciam lógicos em nosso contexto particular mas que são desafiados diante de novas realidades. Ademais, este ensaio defende a necessidade de recuperarmos matrizes teóricas como a da dependência em um momento em que teorias sistêmicas da literatura voltaram a ser discutidas no debate literário internacional por críticos como Franco Moretti e Pascale Casanova.
Economy and Social Development of Rural Sikkim
Authors: Chakraborty Sushmita , Chakma Namita
Published: November 2016

The tiny Himalayan state of Sikkim is well known for its multi-cultural and multi-ethnic identity. There is a political and historical debate regarding the identity of communities in Sikkim. Lepchas are considered as original inhabitants of Sikkim. Currently, Lepcha, Bhutia and Limbu are recognised as minor communities and have Schedule Tribes (ST) status in the state. Individual community concentration is mainly found in North and West Sikkim. Lepcha-Bhutias are found mainly in North Sikkim whereas Limbus are concentrated in West Sikkim. Community concentration is profound in rural areas. Gyalshing sub-division of West Sikkim has been selected for the present study. Purpose of this study is to investigate the Gram Panchayat Unit (GPU) level economy and social development of the rural areas based mainly on secondary sources of information. A field survey was also conducted to interact with the local people. Findings suggest that education and population density are the key determinants for GPU level disparity in social development of the study area. It has been found that the economy is primarily agriculture based and fully organised by organic farming system. Recently, homestay (eco)tourism business has been started here like other parts of Sikkim.
Literacy Rates and its Impact on Birth Rates in Nadia District, West Bengal, India
Authors: Ghosh Mahadeb , Mistri Biswaranjan
Published: November 2016

Equality in socio-economic component is essential for human development and social change. Educational inequality reduces economic growth and women's empowerment on the one hand and increases birth rate on the other. In population studies, it has been established that educational level is collinearly related with demographic behaviour. This study aims to investigate inequalities in literacy rates and its impact on birth rates in Nowpara-I Gram Panchayat (GP) located in the Krishnagar II C.D. Block, Nadia District of West Bengal using a household survey conducted in 356 households among women aged 49 and above in triangulation with secondary data. The aim of this study is to explore the causes of the spatial inequalities in education and its effect on spatial variations in birth rates. The key finding suggest that in Nowpara-I, negative relationships exist between female education and birth rate because education has a positive impact on empowerment, late marriage, use of contraceptives and family size.
Communities and Cultures of Women: A Study of Neighbourhood Groups and Gated Communities in Assam
Authors: Sahin Syeda Sakira
Published: November 2016

The aim of this paper is to tease out the factors and forces that enable women to form communities of women and the circumstances within which they act. In addition, the research aims to observe into their activities to see if there is a germination of gender consciousness even if in a nascent form. Taking off from a historical vantage point of women coming together for various kinds of social and political action, the paper tries to delve into the epistemological dilemma encountered by feminist politics, where the subject of feminist politics i.e., women, is presented as a problematic category. Gender is understood not as a sole defining category but one that exists alongside other constituents of identities intersecting with it like class, caste, race, ethnicity etc. Given such an understanding the paper is based on a micro-level qualitative study conducted in an urban set-up of Guwahati city where two different kinds of locality-based womenâ€™s communities are taken as case studies, one of which is an all-women local neighbourhood development committee and the other a womenâ€™s forum within a gated community. The interesting contrasts as well as complexities of the groups in their membership as well their cultures are analysed to raise questions on whether such groups serve patriarchal interests or whether they present themselves as potential sites through which social change towards a more gender-conscious society can be made possible.
Draft Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill 2016: Rhetoric or Surrogate-centric?
Authors: Bhattacharyya Rituparna
Published: November 2016

Chaired by honourable Prime Minister, Mr. Narendra Damodar Modi, the Union Cabinet on 24 August 2016 introduced and approved the draft bill on Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) in India, known popularly as the Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill, 2016. The bill aims at regulating the ever-proliferating unregulated surrogacy industry interalia banning commercial surrogacy services for single parents, homosexuals, cohabiting partners in addition to foreigners and overseas citizens of India. The key aim of this commentary is to make a nuanced examination of the draft bill aimed at gaining a deeper understanding of the practice of surrogacy and address gaps (if any) that require interventions.Â
Modified Wavelet Full-Approximation Scheme for the Numerical Solution of Nonlinear Volterra integral and integro-differential Equations
Authors: Shiralashetti S. C. , Mundewadi R. A.
Published: November 2016

In this paper, modified wavelet full-approximation scheme is introduced for the numerical solution of nonlinear Volterra integral and integro-differential equations. Wavelet Prolongation and Restriction operators are developed using Daubechies wavelet filter coefficients. Results show that the proposed scheme offers an efficient and good accuracy with faster convergence in less computation cost, which is justified through the error analysis and CPU time.
Ischaemic heart disease unmasked by adrenaline injection during dental surgery
Authors: Brown Hannah , Cook Tim
Published: November 2016

A 56‐yr‐old female presented for multiple dental extractions under general anaesthesia as a day case. Lidocaine with adrenaline administered by the surgeon intraoperatively is suspected to have triggered cardiac ischaemia requiring inpatient coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Lidocaine with adrenaline is commonly used in dental surgery and considered safe, even in patients with coronary artery disease. This unusual case is a reminder that systemic absorption of adrenaline can occur and trigger cardiac ischaemia in at risk patients. A high index of suspicion should be maintained if cardiovascular instability occurs and appropriate investigation and follow up instigated.
An improved homotopy analysis method with accelerated convergence for nonlinear problems
Authors: Li Hong-wei , Wang Jun , Lu Li-xin , Wang Zhi-wei
Published: November 2016

In this paper we propose an accelerated convergence method, which is combined with the homotopy analysis method (HAM), to solve nonlinear problems. The HAM is applied to obtain approximate expressions. According to the numbers of terms in the approximations, some ratio-control parameters are introduced in the solution expressions. By solving simultaneous algebraic equations, all artificial parameters can be optimally identified, including the so-called convergence-control parameter ℏ. Twoexamples are given to illustrate the validity of the new method. Comparison with L-P perturbation method and Runge-Kutta method reveals that the improved HAM is better than the standard HAM and applies especially to the problems with complicated nonlinear terms.
A rail-borne piezoelectric transducer for energy harvesting of railway vibration
Authors: Gao M. Y. , Wang P. , Cao Y. , Chen R. , Liu C.
Published: November 2016

This paper investigates design, modelling, and test issues related to piezoelectric energy transducer. The model analyzes a rail-borne “seismic” energy harvester that is designed to generate electrical energy from local variations in rail acceleration. The energy harvester analyzed in this model consists of a piezoelectric PZT film clamped at one end to the rail with a tip mass mounted on its other end. It includes two sub-models in this paper: a vehicle-track interaction model considering vehicle travelling load; and a cantilevered piezoelectric beam model for the visualization of voltage and power profile and frequency response. Four rail irregularities (American 6th grade track spectrum, Chinese track spectrum, German high and low-disturbance track spectrum) are compared and implemented into the calculation script. The calculated results indicate a rail displacement of 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm. Vibration tests of the proposed rail-borne device are conducted; a hydraulic driven system with excitation force up to 140 kN is exploited to generate the realistic wheel-rail interaction force. The proposed rail-borne energy harvester is capable of energy harvesting at low-frequency (5 Hz to 7 Hz) and small railway vibration (0.2 mm to 0.4 mm rail displacement). The output power of 4.9 mW with a load impedance of 100 kOhm is achieved. The open circuit peak-peak voltage reaches 24.4 V at 0.2 mm/7 Hz/5 g wheel-rail excitation. A DC-DC buck converter is designed, which works at the resonance frequency of 23 Hz/5 g on a lab vibration rig, providing a 3.3 VDC output.
A stochastic averaging method on the strongly nonlinear Duffing-Rayleigh oscillator under Gaussian colored noise excitation
Authors: Ge Gen , Li ZePeng , Gao Qian , Duan JinJuan
Published: November 2016

A modified stochastic averaging method on a Duffing-Rayleigh oscillator with strongly nonlinearity subject to Gaussian colored noise excitation was proposed. The so-called He’s energy balance method was applied to obtain the averaged frequency of the conservative system. Subsequently, the stochastic averaging method of strong nonlinearity was used. The modified method can offer more concise approximate expressions of the drift and diffusion coefficients without weakening the accuracy of predicting the responses of the systems too much. The stationary responses of probability density of amplitudes, together with joint probability density of displacement and velocity are studied to verify the presented approach. The reliability of the systems was also investigated to offer further support. Digital simulations were carried out and the output of that are coincide with the theoretical approximations well.
New mixed adaptive detection algorithm for moving target with big data
Authors: Zhang De-gan , Zhou Shan , Chen Jie , Liu Si
Published: November 2016

Aiming at the troubles (such as complex background, illumination changes, shadows and others on traditional methods) for detecting of a walking person, we put forward a new adaptive detection algorithm through mixing Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), edge detection algorithm and continuous frame difference algorithm in this paper. In time domain, the new algorithm uses GMM to model and updates the background. In spatial domain, it uses the hybrid detection algorithm which mixes the edge detection algorithm, continuous frame difference algorithm and GMM to get the initial contour of moving target with big data, and gets the ultimate moving target with big data. This algorithm not only can adapt to the illumination gradients and background disturbance occurred on scene, but also can solve some problems such as inaccurate target detection, incomplete edge detection, cavitation and ghost which usually appears in traditional algorithm. As experimental result showing, this algorithm holds better real-time and robustness. It is not only easily implemented, but also can accurately detect the moving target with big data.
Effects of thermal and hydrodynamic characteristics of heavy-duty rotary table on the hydrostatic circular pads
Authors: Wang Yida , Zhao Yongsheng , Cai Ligang , Liu Zhifeng , Cheng Qiang
Published: November 2016

The lubricant film of hydrostatic circular pad in the heavy-duty rotary table is affected by the roughness, thermal and hydrodynamic effect, which can cut down the load-carrying capacity and machining accuracy of the heavy-duty machine tool. In this paper, a coupled energy equation with mean Reynolds equation based on the Christensen’s stochastic model of rough surfaces is presented to analyze the temperature rising, pressure distribution and load-carrying capacity of the hydrostatic circular pad. The mean Reynolds equation, momentum equation, continuity equation, and energy equation are coupled and solved using the finite difference method to obtain the characteristics of lubricant film. It is found that the uneven pressure distribution and the temperature rising of lubricant film in resistive oil edge of hydrostatic circular pad are related to the increase of dimensionless hydrodynamic parameter S due to the thermal and hydrodynamic coupling effect. The load-carrying capacity and stability of heavy-duty rotary table is weakened due to the thermal and hydrodynamic effects.