bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing the Coupled CWRF‐FVCOM Modeling System to Understand and Predict Atmosphere‐Watershed Interactions Over the Great Lakes Region
Authors: Sun Lei , Liang Xin‐Zhong , Xia Meng
Published: November 2020

Coupling 3‐D hydrodynamics with climate models is necessary but difficult for resolving multiscale interactions and has been rarely implemented in predicting Great Lakes' water level fluctuations because of issues in treating net basin supply (NBS) components and connecting channel flows. This study developed an interactive lake‐atmosphere‐hydrology modeling system by coupling the regional Climate‐Weather Research and Forecasting model (CWRF) with the 3‐D unstructured‐grid Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM) in the Great Lakes region. The sensitivity of the coupled system, relative to the CWRF baseline using the 1‐D Lake, Ice, Snow and Sediment Simulator (LISSS), was evaluated in representing lake‐climate conditions during 1999–2015 against observations. As coupled with CWRF, FVCOM outperformed LISSS in simulating water surface temperature, ice cover, and vertical thermal structure at seasonal to interannual scales for all the five lakes and realistically reproduced the regional circulation patterns. In warm seasons, the improved lake conditions significantly corrected LISSS overestimates of surface air temperature together with larger‐scale circulation changes. Consequently, precipitation was generally reduced over each lake basin, mainly because of decreased surface moisture and heat fluxes along with enhanced atmospheric stability. Through the dynamic coupling, FVCOM predicts the water level fluctuations in direct response to the CWRF NBS components and connecting channel flows based on a stage‐fall‐discharge formulation. This coupled CWRF‐FVCOM reasonably captured the NBS variations and predicted the water level fluctuations for Lakes Superior and Michigan‐Huron. It represents a major advance in interacting regional climate and watershed processes to dynamically predict Great Lakes' water level seasonal‐interannual variations.
The Effect of Atmosphere‐Ocean Coupling on the Sensitivity of the ITCZ to Convective Mixing
Authors: Talib J. , Woolnough S. J. , Klingaman N. P. , Holloway C. E.
Published: November 2020

The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is a discontinuous, zonal precipitation band that plays a crucial role in the global hydrological cycle. Previous studies using prescribed sea surface temperature (SST) aquaplanets show the ITCZ is sensitive to convective mixing, but such a framework is energetically inconsistent. Studies also show that atmosphere‐ocean coupling reduces the sensitivity of the ITCZ to hemispherically asymmetric forcing. We investigate the effect of atmosphere‐ocean coupling on the sensitivity of the ITCZ to convective mixing using an idealized modeling framework with an Ekman‐driven ocean energy transport (OET). Coupling reduces the sensitivity of the ITCZ location to convective mixing due to SST changes. In prescribed‐SST simulations reducing convective mixing promotes a double ITCZ, while in coupled simulations, it increases the meridional SST gradient which promotes an equatorward ITCZ shift. Prescribing OET in additional experiments has a minimal effect on the sensitivity of the ITCZ location to mixing but does increase the sensitivity of the ITCZ intensity by constraining the net‐downward surface energy flux. Decreasing convective mixing increases net‐downward shortwave cloudy‐sky radiation associated with increased latent heat fluxes and an intensified ITCZ. For simulations analyzed the atmospheric energy input framework is inadequate to study ITCZ dynamics due to the contribution of transient eddies to the atmospheric energy transport. Prescribing SST or OET may strengthen the sensitivity of the ITCZ to a change in parameterization or atmospheric forcing. Future modeling studies investigating the precipitation response to such changes should be aware of the potential sensitivity of their results to atmosphere‐ocean interactions.
Evaluating the Performance of a Plasma Analyzer for a Space Weather Monitor Mission Concept
Authors: Nicolaou G. , Wicks R. T. , Rae I. J. , Kataria D. O.
Published: November 2020

We use historical analysis of solar wind plasma and coronal mass ejections to define the range of performance required for an ion analyzer for future space weather monitoring missions. We adopt the design of a top hat electrostatic analyzer, capable of measuring the plasma protons and constructing their three‐dimensional distribution functions. The design is based on previous heritage instruments and allows monitoring of extreme space weather events. In order to evaluate the future observations and their analysis methods, we model the expected response of the instrument in simulated plasma conditions. We evaluate a novel analysis method which can determine on board the plasma bulk properties, such as density, velocity, and temperature from the statistical moments of the observed velocity distribution functions of the plasma particles. We quantify the accuracy of the derived parameters critical for space weather purposes, by comparing them with the corresponding input solar wind parameters. In order to validate the instrument design, we examine the accuracy over the entire range of the input parameters we expect to observe in solar wind, from benign to extreme space weather conditions. We also use realistic parameters of fast solar wind streams and interplanetary coronal mass ejections as measured by the Advanced Composition Explorer spacecraft, to investigate the performance of the example instrument and the accuracy of the analysis. We discuss the achieved accuracy and its relevance to space weather monitoring concepts. We address sources of significant errors, and we demonstrate potential improvements by using a fitting analysis method to derive the results.
Anomalous Transport in Three‐Dimensional Discrete Fracture Networks: Interplay Between Aperture Heterogeneity and Injection Modes
Authors: Kang Peter K. , Hyman Jeffrey D. , Han Weon Shik , Dentz Marco
Published: November 2020

We study how the interplay between fracture aperture heterogeneity and tracer injection mode controls fluid flow and tracer transport in three‐dimensional (3D) discrete fracture networks (DFNs). The direct 3‐D DFN simulations show that tracer injection mode has substantial effects on tracer spreading across all levels of aperture heterogeneity. The key controlling factor for effective transport is the initial Lagrangian velocity distribution, which is determined by the interplay between injection mode and aperture heterogeneity. The fundamental difference between initial Lagrangian velocity distribution and domain‐scale Eulerian velocity distribution plays a vital role in determining anomalous transport. We effectively capture the observed anomalous transport using an upscaled transport model that incorporates initial velocity distribution, stationary velocity distribution, velocity correlation length, and average advective tortuosity. With the upscaled transport model, we accurately capture the evolution of Lagrangian velocity distribution and predict longitudinal spreading in 3‐D DFN.
Examining differences between overweight women and men in 12-month weight loss study comparing healthy low-carbohydrate vs. low-fat diets
Authors: Aronica Lucia , Rigdon Joseph , Offringa Lisa C. , Stefanick Marcia L. , Gardner Christopher D.
Published: November 2020

Background/objectives

Biological sex factors and sociocultural gender norms affect the physiology and behavior of weight loss. However, most diet intervention studies do not report outcomes by sex, thereby impeding reproducibility. The objectives of this study were to compare 12-month changes in body weight and composition in groups defined by diet and sex, and adherence to a healthy low carbohydrate (HLC) vs. healthy low fat (HLF) diet.

Participants/methods

This was a secondary analysis of the DIETFITS trial, in which 609 overweight/obese nondiabetic participants (age, 18–50 years) were randomized to a 12-month HLC (n = 304) or HLF (n = 305) diet. Our first aim concerned comparisons in 12-month changes in weight, fat mass, and lean mass by group with appropriate adjustment for potential confounders. The second aim was to assess whether or not adherence differed by diet-sex group (HLC women n = 179, HLC men n = 125, HLF women n = 167, HLF men n = 138).

Results

12-month changes in weight (p < 0.001) were different by group. HLC produced significantly greater weight loss, as well as greater loss of both fat mass and lean mass, than HLF among men [−2.98 kg (−4.47, −1.50); P < 0.001], but not among women. Men were more adherent to HLC than women (p = 0.02). Weight loss estimates within group remained similar after adjusting for adherence, suggesting adherence was not a mediator.

Conclusions

By reporting outcomes by sex significant weight loss differences were identified between HLC and HLF, which were not recognized in the original primary analysis. These findings highlight the need to consider sex in the design, analysis, and reporting of diet trials.
A novel giant non-cholinergic striatal interneuron restricted to the ventrolateral striatum coexpresses Kv3.3 potassium channel, parvalbumin, and the vesicular GABA transporter
Authors: Lebenheim Lydia , Booker Sam A. , Derst Christian , Weiss Torsten , Wagner Franziska , Gruber Clemens , Vida Imre , Zahm Daniel S. , Veh Rüdiger W.
Published: November 2020

The striatum is the main input structure of the basal ganglia. Distinct striatal subfields are involved in voluntary movement generation and cognitive and emotional tasks, but little is known about the morphological and molecular differences of striatal subregions. The ventrolateral subfield of the striatum (VLS) is the orofacial projection field of the sensorimotor cortex and is involved in the development of orofacial dyskinesias, involuntary chewing-like movements that often accompany long-term neuroleptic treatment. The biological basis for this particular vulnerability of the VLS is not known. Potassium channels are known to be strategically localized within the striatum. In search of possible molecular correlates of the specific vulnerability of the VLS, we analyzed the expression of voltage-gated potassium channels in rodent and primate brains using qPCR, in situ hybridization, and immunocytochemical single and double staining. Here we describe a novel, giant, non-cholinergic interneuron within the VLS. This neuron coexpresses the vesicular GABA transporter, the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin (PV), and the Kv3.3 potassium channel subunit. This novel neuron is much larger than PV neurons in other striatal regions, displays characteristic electrophysiological properties, and, most importantly, is restricted to the VLS. Consequently, the giant striatal Kv3.3-expressing PV neuron may link compromised Kv3 channel function and VLS-based orofacial dyskinesias.
Synergistic agents for tumor-specific therapy mediated by focused ultrasound treatment
Authors: Choi Wonseok , Kim Chulhong
Published: November 2020

In this minireview, synergistic agents for focused ultrasound tumor treatment are reviewed in four therapy mechanisms: sonodynamic plus chemotherapy, microbubble-aided therapy, localized drug delivery, and photoacoustic image-guided therapy.
Pillararene-based AIEgens: research progress and appealing applications
Authors: Chen Yan-Yan , Jiang Xiao-Mei , Gong Guan-Fei , Yao Hong , Zhang You-Ming , Wei Tai-Bao , Lin Qi
Published: November 2020

The pillararene-based AIEgens and AIE materials, constructed using different assembly forms, show attractive applications in various areas.
Visible-light-induced radical isocyanide insertion protocol for the synthesis of difluoromethylated spiro[indole-3,3′-quinoline] derivatives
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Xu Wentao , Qu Yi , Liu Yuxiu , Li Yongqiang , Song Hongjian , Wang Qingmin
Published: November 2020

A protocol for visible-light-induced radical isocyanide insertion reactions for the synthesis of difluoromethylated spiro[indole-3,3′-quinoline] derivatives was developed.
Divergent functionalization of terminal alkynes enabled alkynylative [5+1] benzannulation of 3-acetoxy-1,4-enynes
Authors: Wu Li-Jun , Yang Liang-Feng , Lv Gui-Fen , Li Jin-Heng
Published: November 2020

Pd/Cu-Cocatalyzed alkynylative [5+1] benzannulation of 3-acetoxy-1,4-enynes toward internal arylalkynes through benzene ring skeleton construction is depicted.
Design and programmable self-assembly of an eight-coordinate Cu(ii) heterometallic structure via a dipalladium corner as a building block
Authors: Tong Jin , Lu Hong-Lin , Sun Wen-Qing , Yu Shu-Yan
Published: November 2020

An eight-coordinate (8C) [Cu(ii)O8] heteromultimetallic complex displaying a distorted dodecahedral structure has been synthesized via the coordination-driven programmable self-assembly of dipalladium metalloligands containing heteroditopic ligands.
Computational prediction of a novel 1D InSeI nanochain with high stability and promising wide-bandgap properties
Authors: Jiang Shujuan , Yin Huabing , Zheng Guang-Ping , Wang Bing , Guan Shan , Yao Bing-Jian
Published: November 2020

We predict a series of novel 1D InSeI nanochains with high stability and promising wide-bandgap properties, which exhibits potential applications in nanoelectronic and optoelectronic devices.
Ionic strength effect on regulating the synthetic assembly of polyoxometalate clusters with slow magnetic relaxation behavior
Authors: Cai Jing , Ye Run , Liu Xinhao , Guo Leilei , Qiao Xinrong
Published: November 2020

Three new types of polyoxometalate clusters displaying different structural features were obtained using the ionic strength regulated strategy.
Geochemical characteristics of rare earth elements in windowsill dust in Baotou, China: influence of the smelting industry on levels and composition
Authors: Zhou Haijun , Chun Xi , Lü Changwei , He Jiang , Du Dagula
Published: November 2020

Smelting is one of the main sources of rare earth elements (REEs) in large scale smelting regions that have been neglected before.
Influence of short- and long-term exposure on the biodegradation capacity of activated sludge microbial communities in ready biodegradability tests
Authors: Dalmijn Joost A. , Poursat Baptiste A. J. , van Spanning Rob J. M. , Brandt Bernd W. , de Voogt Pim , Parsons John R.
Published: November 2020

The output of ready biodegradability tests (RBTs), that are extensively used to screen the potential of chemicals to be biodegraded, can be influenced by exposure of microbial communities to organic chemicals.
Subcritical water and supercritical carbon dioxide: efficient and selective eco-compatible solvents for coffee and coffee by-products valorization
Authors: Vandeponseele Alexandre , Draye Micheline , Piot Christine , Chatel Gregory
Published: November 2020

This review aims to establish the state of the art of the existing literature on the valorization of coffee and coffee by-products such as spent coffee grounds through the use of subcritical water (SCW) and supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2).
Self-assembly pattern directed sustained release from porous microspheres of discotic tripeptides
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Bera Santu , Nandi Sujay Kumar , Haldar Debasish
Published: November 2020

The round clay pitcher-like porous microspheres of the C2-symmetric discotic tripeptide are more efficient than the bird nest-like porous microspheres of the C3-symmetric discotic tripeptide, for the sustained release of drugs.
Influence of La3+induced defects on MnO2–carbon nanotube hybrid electrodes for supercapacitors
Authors: Chakrabarty Nilanjan , Char Monalisa , Krishnamurthy Satheesh , Chakraborty Amit K.
Published: November 2020

A nanohybrid containing 2 mol% La3+doped MnO2and carbon nanotubes produced hydrothermally exhibits a specific capacitance of ∼1530 F g−1at 1 A g−1and a 92% capacity retention after 5000 cycles showing its potential as electrode for supercapacitors.
Formulation and clinical translation of [177Lu]Lu-trastuzumab for radioimmunotheranostics of metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Guleria Mohini , Sharma Rohit , Amirdhanayagam Jeyachitra , Sarma Haladhar D. , Rangarajan Venkatesh , Dash Ashutosh , Das Tapas
Published: November 2020

Clinical translation of 177Lu[Lu]-trastuzumab from the laboratory to the clinic for radioimmunotherapy of breast cancer over-expressing HER2 receptors.
Understanding the relationship between viral infections and trace elements from a metallomics perspective: implications for COVID-19
Authors: de Jesus Jemmyson Romário , de Araújo Andrade Tatianny
Published: November 2020

Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic situation due to a new viral infection (COVID-19) caused by a novel virus (Sars-CoV-2). COVID-19 is today the leading cause of death from viral infections in the world. It is known that many elements play important roles in viral infections, both in virus survival, and in the activation of the host's immune system, which depends on the presence of micronutrients to maintain the integrity of its functions. In this sense, the metallome can be an important object of study for understanding viral infections. Therefore, this work presents an overview of the role of trace elements in the immune system and the state of the art in metallomics, highlighting the challenges found in studies focusing on viral infections.
Novel amino-functionalized hypercrosslinked polymer nanoparticles constructed from commercial macromolecule polystyrene via a two-step strategy for CO2 adsorption
Authors: Pan Yaoyu , Xu Ziqiang , Tan Wenze , Zhu Yalin , Wang Yun , Li Peihang , Chen Xueqin , Sun Zhengguang , Li Cao , Jiang Bingbing
Published: November 2020

Commercial polymers have large cost advantage to drive HCPs to industrialize. The AHCPNPs using commercial PS as main block prove that it still has well-defined microporous structure, high specific surface area and extremely CO2 capture capacity.
Accelerating copolymer inverse design using monte carlo tree search
Authors: Patra Tarak K. , Loeffler Troy D. , Sankaranarayanan Subramanian K. R. S.
Published: November 2020

There exists a broad class of sequencing problems in soft materials such as proteins and polymers that can be formulated as a heuristic search that involves decision making akin to a computer game.
A new high-Li+-conductivity Mg-doped Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 solid electrolyte with enhanced electrochemical performance for solid-state lithium metal batteries
Authors: Nikodimos Yosef , Abrha Ljalem Hadush , Weldeyohannes Haile Hisho , Shitaw Kassie Nigus , Temesgen Nigusu Tiruneh , Olbasa Bizualem Wakuma , Huang Chen-Jui , Jiang Shi-Kai , Wang Chia-Hsin , Sheu Hwo-Shuenn , Wu She-Huang , Su Wei-Nien , Yang Chun-Chen , Hwang Bing Joe
Published: November 2020

Compared to LAGP, an LAMGP sample shows better lithium diffusivity and improved densification, leading to better electrochemical performance.
Construction of planar-type defect-engineered metal–organic frameworks with both mixed-valence sites and copper-ion vacancies for photocatalysis
Authors: Guo Yuan , Feng Chao , Wang Shixin , Xie Yuehong , Guo Changyan , Liu Ziran , Akram Naeem , Zhang Yi , Zhao Yansong , Wang Jide
Published: November 2020

This manuscript presents a facile paradigm for controllably developing planar-type defect-engineered metal–organic frameworks (DEMOFs) by systematically doping reductive defect linker vanillin (VAN) during the synthesis of HKUST-1.
Multiscale probing of the influence of the defect-induced variation of oxygen vacancies on the photocatalytic activity of doped ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Kim Young-Hoon , Kim Sunyang , Kim Ki-jeong , Kim Chaeyoung , Jang Jae Hyuck , Kim Young-Min , Lee Hangil
Published: November 2020

Oxygen vacancies on the photocatalytic activity can alter the local charge states of neighboring cations. This work highlights multimodal and multiscale spectroscopic probing of the significant role of charge mismatch by the doped cation.
A synergistic engineering layer with a versatile H2Ti3O7 electrocatalyst for a suppressed shuttle effect and enhanced catalytic conversion in lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Choi Changhoon , Park Jung Been , Kim Dong-Wan
Published: November 2020

A synergistic engineering layer consisting of H2Ti3O7 and conductive agents on a separator exhibits a suppressed shuttle effect and enhanced catalytic conversion of polysulfides with acceleration of electron/Li+ transfer for Li–S batteries.
Seawater electrocatalysis: activity and selectivity
Authors: Khatun Sakila , Hirani Harish , Roy Poulomi
Published: November 2020

Seawater electrolysis can be considered the solution to the global energy demand. The current review discusses the recent advancements and limitations related to its practical application for providing clean hydrogen gas.
Heterogeneous structured pomegranate-like Bi@C nanospheres for high-performance sodium storage
Authors: Zhu Jianhua , Wang Jianwen , Li Guanwu , Huang Lu , Cao Mengyang , Wu Yingpeng
Published: November 2020

In this work, a heterojunction of pomegranate-like Bi@C nanospheres (PBCNSs) anode with a protective structure and more active sites shows an outstanding rate performance and a long cycle life with no capacity decay at 20 A g−1 for SIBs.
Osmium nanozyme as peroxidase mimic with high performance and negligible interference of O2
Authors: He Shaobin , Yang Liu , Balasubramanian Paramasivam , Li Shujun , Peng Huaping , Kuang Ye , Deng Haohua , Chen Wei
Published: November 2020

The Os nanozyme possesses a high peroxidase-like activity and negligible oxidase-like activity freeing the assays from the O2and color interference.
Unveiling localized Pt–P–N bonding states constructed on covalent triazine-based frameworks for boosting photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zheng Ling-Ling , Wang Dengke , Wu Shao-Lin , Jiang Xun-Heng , Zhang Jun , Xing Qiu-Ju , Zou Jian-Ping , Luo Sheng-Lian
Published: November 2020

Unique Pt(δ+)–P(δ−)–N(δ+) bonding states were constructed on CTF-1 for efficient photocatalytic performance via using BP as a bridge joint.
Lattice constriction and trapped excitons: a structure–property relationship unveiled in CsPbBr3 perovskite QDs
Authors: Vishaka Halali V. , Jesna George K. , Altaf Pasha , Sarina K. , Geetha Balakrishna R.
Published: November 2020

Perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) of CsPbBr3 have gained special attention in optoelectronic applications owing to their photoluminescence (PL) properties.
Dithienobenzoxadiazole-based wide bandgap donor polymers with strong aggregation properties for the preparation of efficient as-cast non-fullerene polymer solar cells processed using a non-halogenated solvent
Authors: Jiang Haiying , Qin Guoming , Zhang Lianjie , Pan Feilong , Wu Zhuhao , Wang Qian , Wen Guanzhao , Zhang Wei , Cao Yong , Chen Junwu
Published: November 2020

The efficient as-cast polymer solar cells processed by non-halogenated solvent are achieved through new dithienobenzoxadiazole-based wide bandgap donor polymers with strong aggregation property.
Fabrication of optical microstructures on roller surface based on fast tool servo system
Authors: Guan Chaoliang , Yong Jiahao , Liu Junfeng , Dai Yifan , Fan Zhanbin , Li Fei
Published: November 2020

The optical microstructure on the roller surface is the key for manufacturing microstructures on optical film. In this context, the fabrication of optical microstructures on the cylindrical roller surface is more difficult than that on the planar surface. This Letter starts with a machinability of microstructure arrays on a cylindrical surface, and studies the restriction influences of the tool geometry and process parameters on the characteristics of the microstructure. Then a suitable flexible hinge holder for the fast tool servo is designed based on finite element analysis, and the influential factors to the machining precision of microstructure arrays are investigated. Finally, a machining test of spherical arrays on an aluminium cylindrical surface is carried out, and the high quality of the microstructure indicates that the proposed method is appropriate for the fabrication of optical microstructures.
Quadratic problems with two quadratic constraints: convex quadratic relaxation and strong lagrangian duality
Authors: Hamdi Abdelouahed , Taati Akram , Almaadeed Temadher A.
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we study a nonconvex quadratic minimization problem with two quadratic constraints, one of which being convex. We introduce two convex quadratic relaxations (CQRs) and discuss cases, where the problem is equivalent to exactly one of the CQRs. Particularly, we show that the global optimal solution can be recovered from an optimal solution of the CQRs. Through this equivalence, we introduce new conditions under which the problem enjoys strong Lagrangian duality, generalizing the recent condition in the literature. Finally, under the new conditions, we present necessary and sufficient conditions for global optimality of the problem.
From particle attachment to space-filling coral skeletons
Authors: Sun Chang-Yu , Stifler Cayla A. , Chopdekar Rajesh V. , Schmidt Connor A. , Parida Ganesh , Schoeppler Vanessa , Fordyce Benjamin I. , Brau Jack H. , Mass Tali , Tambutté Sylvie , Gilbert Pupa U. P. A.
Published: November 2020

Significance

Whether reef-building corals form their skeletons ion by ion from solution or by amorphous particle attachment has important implications for isotope incorporation and for understanding coral skeletons’ resilience to ocean warming and acidification. Here we show that all kinds of reef-building corals make their skeletons by attachment of amorphous nanoparticles and fill the spaces between nanoparticles ion by ion. Thus, the dual mechanism of ion- and particle- attachment is general and relevant to reef formation, which provides the infrastructure for one of the most diverse ecosystems on Earth.
Solid Waste Management in Hotels, Lodging Houses and Restaurants in Sabang Wharf: Gateway to Puerto Princesa Underground River-Philippines
Authors: Acero L.
Published: November 2020

The 7,107 islands of Philippines offer diverse tourist destinations. Puerto Princesa Underground River (PPUR), one of the 7 wonders of nature is a natural park and the longest navigable underground river, rich in historical, unique karst environment and listed as UNESCO as world heritage site. Sabang Wharf, the entry point to PPUR is vulnerable to environmental pollution. It is where tourist facilities like restaurants/eateries, lodging houses and hotels are located. This study determine the type of solid wastes, percentage produced on a daily basis; methods of waste disposal and the problems encountered in the methods used; suggestions offered by the respondents in the enhancement of solid waste management in the area, and presence of E. coli and coliform contaminants in Sabang Wharf. Pertinent data gathered through field interviews, with the use of an interview schedule. The use of portable E. coli and coliform analyser, determined the absence of E. coli and coliform in beach areas of Sabang Wharf. Results disclosed that, waste disposals of tourism establishments in Sabang Wharf has supported proper implementation of Sustainable Waste Management Program-the project of PPUR management. Absence of E. coli and coliform in waters along the beaches of Sabang Wharf, attested to the eco-friendly environment in Sabang Wharf, despite its vulnerability as gateway to tourism site. Respondents’ suggestions on the enhancement of Solid Waste Management Program of PPUR, are the; the provision of satellite junk shop for non-biodegradables, and continues strict enforcement of waste segregation and disposal.
Reduction of Dissolved Organic Carbon in Baled, Mixed, Municipal Waste Through 12 Years
Authors: Gotal Dmitrovic Lovorka
Published: November 2020

In Varazdin City (a town in the north of Croatia), mixed municipal waste was collected, mechanically treated, baled and stored from 1st April 2005 until its final disposal. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were tested for 12 years. The problem is that several complex physical, chemical and biological processes take place in the baled waste for bio-waste, which was then an integral part of mixed municipal waste. To solve this problem, the experimental values are used, and they determine the dependence of the DOC concentration on time, as well as the transition points and events that cause the abrupt changes in the decomposition of the organic component in mixed municipal waste. Unlike the landfill in the baled waste, after aerobic phase begins the anaerobic phase, and after anaerobic phase begins again aerobic phase, because the foil gas permeability is starting. The whole process is, according to System Theory, a complex system with many components, and the interaction, connections, and interdependencies among them, but also the interaction with the environment of the system. The main result of the paper is the conceptualization and parameterization of such a system, helping to describe and understand this system, but also to predict and manage it.
Some Nesting Determinants of Olive Ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) in San Narciso Zambales Philippines: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Acero L.
Published: November 2020

Nesting of Olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) must be free from any anthropogenic threats. Sitio Lapaz San Narcizo Zambales is located along the Coral Triangle in the Philippines which is rich in marine biodiversity. This study determined the history of PAWICARE Hatchery Project in sitio Lapaz, San Narciso, Zambales Philippines; describe the physical condition (distance of hatchery to shoreline, temperature during nesting-hatching period), determine heavy metals (Arsenic, Lead and Mercury) in water samples along the shoreline of Lapaz San Narciso Zambales. Mixed method was used to gather pertinent data on this study. Survey method was used (interview and focal group discussion) was used to describe the history and, physical condition of PAWICARE Hatchery Project. It was enriched with documentary analysis. Quantitative method was used to analyze water along the shoreline of PAWICARE Hatchery. Water analysis determined the Arsenic, Lead and Mercury content of water samples collected from three sampling sites near the hatchery. Results revealed that fishermen in sitio Lapaz were transformed into turtle rangers from turtle poachers. Residential houses are relocated far from the shoreline to avoid pollution. Temperature (27°C to 33°C) during nesting months (October to March) favors nesting of the turtles. Arsenic, Lead and Mercury in water along the shoreline were found at a very low level. The above determinants favored the nesting of Olive ridley sea turtles in San Narciso Zambales Philippines.
Role of Atmospheric Bioaerosols in Atmospheric Corrosion: Short Review
Authors: Emetere M.E. , Afolalu S.A. , Abodunrin J.T. , Mamudu A. , Banjo S.O.
Published: November 2020

When describing atmospheric corrosion, general terms (air pollution) and conditions (meteorological parameters) are considered. The acceptable corrosion rates that are calculated are generic in nature and cannot be relied upon when estimating the atmospheric corrosion over a geographical region. In this paper, the review of atmospheric bioaerosols was carried-out to enlighten professionals on the need to disintegrate the constituents of air pollutants into aerosols and bioaerosols. This would make it easy for scientists to adequately estimate carrion rates during airborne pandemic areas. This would certainly lead to the development of ISO standards for this branch of atmospheric corrosion. The success of this research would not be applicable to atmospheric corrosion but in monitoring airborne diseases.
Decolorization of Methyl Orange using a Double-chamber Microbial Fuel Cell with the Use of Soil Microorganisms
Authors: Bartolome Gee Jay C , Tayo Lemmuel L
Published: November 2020

In this study, the decolorization of methyl orange was carried out in a double chamber microbial fuel cell. Microbial fuel cells (MFC’s) have been widely studied using various materials and operating conditions, these bioelectrochemical devices that use exoelectrogenic bacteria as biocatalysts have shown great potential to oxidize a variety of substrates while simultaneously generating electricity. Soil microorganisms consisting of lactic acid bacteria,Saccharomyces,Rhizobium,Rhodopseudomonas,Rhodobacter,Actinomycetes, and fungi were obtained from a concentrated soil microbial inoculant. Comparatively, the results of the experiments showed that using titanium mesh, the open circuit voltage and the power density of the MFC in close-circuit condition were 1.005 V and 1.223 Wm−2while using carbon fiber brushes, values were 0.992 V and 0.338 Wm−2. On the other hand, results also revealed that the system with carbon fiber brush electrodes is more effective in decolorizing methyl orange at a maximum of 78 percent removal efficiency. In 10 hours of continuous operation, the concentration of methyl orange reduced from 0.10-0.022 mM.
Photodegradation of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) in a Batch Reactor Using Silver Phosphate/titanium Dioxide as Photocatalyst
Authors: Nakano Y B , Juliano M L , Bartolome G C , Tayo L L
Published: November 2020

This study investigates the use of silver phosphate/titanium dioxide for the photocatalytic degradation of reactive black 5 (RB5) in a photocatalytic reactor. This research examined the optimum concentration of silver phosphate for dye degradation and found that the highest reaction rate can be obtained with 27.5 percent silver-phosphate in the catalyst. The effects of pH, catalyst loading, and the initial concentration of the dye in the wastewater were studied sequentially to determine the effects on the degradation of RB5. The highest degradation rates were found at absorption wavelength <480nm using blue light. Furthermore, the degradation rate was also found to increase with a higher or lower pH value, at higher catalyst loading, and lower initial dye concentration. This study concludes the potency of the catalyst as a visible-light active photocatalyst for possible industrial wastewater treatment application and the effectiveness of the catalyst produced fromin situdeposition method and under visible light irradiation.
Adsorption of Pb (II) Using Partially Deproteinated Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) Roots
Authors: Nieva A.D. , Ang M.D.D. , Hipolito H.G. , Calderon E.J. , Pamintuan K.R.S.
Published: November 2020

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is known to be an effective biosorbent capable of removing pollutants of industrial wastewater effluents, particularly heavy metals. This study determined and compared the effectiveness of removing Pb2+ in a lead-containing aqueous solution using untreated and treated water hyacinth roots. The treated biosorbent was the heavy organic matter that settled from the extraction of water-soluble portions of the water hyacinth roots upon centrifugation of the water hyacinth and deionized water mixture for 1 hour at ambient temperature. The treatment of the biosorbent resulted to less functional groups but more exposed fibers for which the Pb2+ ions can adhere to. At a 24-hour equilibrium time, it was determined that the untreated biosorbent gave higher adsorption capacity of 0.743 mg/g as compared to the 0.653 mg/g capacity of the treated biosorbent. However, it was observed that in a 2-hour equilibrium time, similar adsorption capacities were obtained at 0.75 mg/g for both biosorbents. The kinetic study reveals that saturation of the biosorbents was observed within a 2-hour contact time. At prolonged adsorption time, the decrease in adsorption capacity of the treated biosorbent was due to the adsorption-desorption process that occurred at the saturated sorbent surfaces, whereby the attached Pb2+ was released and re-attached interchangeably. The loss of functional groups in the treated biosorbent resulted to less strong bonds from chemical adsorption and thus in a higher contact time, the loosely binded Pb2+ ions return to the aqueous phase.
Low Level Electricity Production and COD Removal in Wastewater Using a Dual Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell with Pseudomonas Fluorescens as Biocatalyst
Authors: Juliano M L , Yanuaria C S , Caparanga A R , Tayo L L
Published: November 2020

Urbanization intensifies global energy crisis and contributes largely to environmental pollution. The use of microbial fuel cell (MFC) helps in addressing both problems. This study aims to construct a low-cost MFC which simultaneously produce low level electricity and has the capacity to lower chemical oxygen demand in wastewater. The MFC used various carbon sources and copper wire as electrodes. Variation in voltages were observed using various carbon sources in solution. The microbial fuel cell utilizing P. fluorescens was able to produce voltage of more than 800 mV in fermented rice and more than 1000mV for both sewage sludge and kitchen sink wastewater substrates. It was also observed that the COD reduction was seen in different types of wastewater.
Resource State Estimation and Intelligent Contingency Forecasting for Spacecraft Mission Control Center
Authors: Bakhtadze Natalia , Elpashev Denis
Published: November 2020

The paper presents the concept of on-line estimating the state of the Mission Control Center resources and algorithms for forecasting of contingencies. Resource state prediction methods based on the development of a machine learning techniques called association rules are presented. Using this method, the detection of such parameters and their values, the appearance of which, at some point in time, affects the probability of a certain state of the system at another moment in time, and in particular, the occurrence of an emergency. The results of real case studies and specialist interface fragments are presented. System development options are discussed.
Evaluation of Hexane Performance in Wax Treatments at Fang Oilfield
Authors: Aye A T T , Maneeintr K
Published: November 2020

Wax deposition occurs in various locations in the petroleum production chain. It can cause many problems for oil production. Chemical method is one of the practical methods for wax prevention treatment. In Fang oilfield, there are problems from wax as well. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate of hexane to reduce the wax problem. For this study, oil samples from the wells located in Mae Soon Reservoir in Fang oil field. Hexane is used as a chemical for this treatment for wax appearance temperature (WAT), pour point and wax deposited weight tests. Also, other factors such as temperature, hexane concentration and time are also studied. The results show that hexane can reduce the wax precipitation by reducing pour point and WAT. Wax deposited weight is reduced as well. Hexane effectiveness can be evaluated and also applied in the region in the oil field with wax problems. Understanding of physics and chemistry of wax precipitation will lead to develop the area economically effective prevention and mitigation methods.
What Drives the Carbon Price? - An Empirical Analysis of Chinese Emission Trading Scheme
Authors: Wu Hao , Kansuntisukmongkol Chalotorn
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we focus on the major influential factors of the carbon price, by using both static panel model(FGLS) and dynamic panel model(PVAR) of each trading pilot in 2014-2018, totally six kinds of indicators were selected to establish the quantitative model to explain what drives the carbon price in China. We also employed the Bai-Perron test to identify the structural breakout points of carbon price fluctuation. This study finds that, in China, in terms of market fundamental influential factors, (1) the high-carbon energy price represented by coal has a negative impact on the carbon price, while the other energy indicators of oil and LNG are not statistically correlated; while (2) the cooling/heating days and temperature differences’ impacts are not statistically significant; (3) the relationship between industrial development, stock index and carbon price, is positively and negatively correlated, respectively, indicating that the Marco economy affects the carbon price at a high significance level. (4) However, in terms of non-market fundamental influential factors, the policy factors will not greatly affect the carbon price, indicating that the model we employed might not apply to the policy factor. (5) Besides, electricity production from wind power will lower the carbon price significantly due to it reduces the demand for carbon emission rights for the electricity sector in ETS. (6) Among all factors, coal price is the most significant influential factor. During the 1-10th period, the impact of coal price is small, and ranges 9.98-56.97%. As time passed by, the interpretation has gradually strengthened. After the 20th period, it stably explains about 70.37-73.87% on variance change of carbon price.
Research on the Influence of Government Intervention on Energy Intensity
Authors: Jiang Peiyun
Published: November 2020

In recent years, the mismatch between the economic growth rate and the degree of environmental protection has intensified, and the problems of resource consumption and environmental pollution have become serious. Driven by a large amount of energy, the development mode featuring high energy consumption and high growth is unsustainable. And it brings tremendous pressure to realize the strategic goal of sustainable development. In this case, energy saving becomes a basic strategic guideline for economic and social development in various countries, which is also an extremely urgent task at present. This paper firstly analyses the low possibility of enterprises to carrying out energy-saving behaviours conscientiously. And then the enterprise’s energy-saving behaviours are empirically studied by constructing a game model between enterprises. Besides, the government behaviours are divided into economic means, administrative means and legal means, and Energy-saving behaviour are quantified as energy intensity, which form a panel regression model to further analyse the specific impact of the three methods on energy empirically.
Research on the Restrictive Conditions of Elevator Installation to Existing Multi-storey Apartment Buildings in China
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Zhang Hong , Wang Lifang , Zhu Ning
Published: November 2020

During 1970s-1990s large amount of multi-storey buildings have been built without elevators in the cities of China. It is a great social demand that the elevator installation will effectively improve the living quality for aging. However, there are many technical restrictive conditions on site, which may cause costly or unavailable implementation in real project of elevator installation. This paper investigates over 3491 cases online and 66 cases in field survey in Beijing. Through discusses two pairs of comparison of elevator installation, it shows that the HALF elevator is more probability than ALIGN installation to meet the condition of the existing buildings, and the percentage of the ATTACHED elevator is higher than BRIDGED.
Spatial Distribution and Sources of Total Chromium and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Northern Italy Rivers
Authors: Bonelli M G , Brambilla G F , Manni A
Published: November 2020

Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and Total Chromium (Cr) in surface waters are polluting factors that can directly or indirectly affect human and animal health. These are conjunctly used in several manufacturing activities such as electroplating, stainless steel welding, leather tanning and the production of electronic components. In this paper we present a study based on the use of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) statistical technique to explore emission sources of PFAS and Cr in surface water samples taken from a polluted area in Northern Italy. It has been found that the discriminant factor is the link between PFBS and Cr. It is due to electroplating, and stainless steel welding activities. No other links were found between Cr and other PFAS. This information is important both for risk assessment and forensic activities.
Magnetic Graphene Oxide Based Solid Phase Extraction for Environmental Pollutants Analysis
Authors: Peng Yuqi , Zhang Hengyuan , Ma Xiaoguo
Published: November 2020

Heavy metal ions and organic pollutants have aroused considerable concerns about their toxic effects on human body and the ecosystem. Thus it is of great significance to develop accurate and sensitive methods for the analysis of these pollutants in environmental matrices. Because of their trace levels and the complexity of sample matrices, sample preparation is necessary before their instrumental detection. As a new and prospective sample pretreatment technique, magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) has drawn much attention from the analysts, and has been widely used in various analytical fields. This review focuses on the current progress that has been achieved in MSPE based on graphene oxide for preconcentration and separation of heavy metal ions and organic pollutants in environmental water, with 61 references.
Langevin Dynamic Simulation of self-propelled particles in two-dimensional systems
Authors: Amallah L. , Hader A. , Bakir R. , Sbiaaia H. , Tarras I. , Boughaleb Y.
Published: November 2020

Collective motion of self-propelled particles is one of basic phenomenon observed in large spectra of biological system behavior due to the correlated process evolution in space and time. In this manuscript, we study numerically the kinetic properties and the correlation process in complex systems evolves out equilibrium phase by employing the Langevin dynamics. In this model, we have adopted one zone of orientation where the system evolves spontaneously in presence of quenched stochastic noise. The results show that the system evolves to its equilibrium phase by reaching one orientation. Hence, this evolution is characterized by a correlation process increasing in time but with decelerate profile. However the obtained profile of the correlation function per time unity shows that the collective motion in complex system, can be characterized by a characteristic time when the system change the acceleration of the correlation process. Our result shows that this characteristic time decreases exponentially with the quenched noise. In the additional crossover time at when the system reaches its equilibrium phase, scales with quenched noise as power law. This result is more consisting with the one of Vicsek model
Numerical Study Of Natural Convection In Square Cavity Using Lattice Boltzmann Method: Obstacles Effect
Authors: Bendaraa A. , Nouni M. , Ouhroum M. , Charafi M. M. , Hasnaoui A.
Published: November 2020

In this work, the natural convection is studied in a closed square cavity differentially heated, using the Lattice Boltzmann numerical Method. Completely filled with a newtonian fluid, the cavity is managed by two rigid walls in right and left sides, and is provided with two rectangular adiabatic obstacles interposed on the mid-horizontal walls. The height of the two obstacles is varied from 10% to 40% of the side (L). The calculation code was performed for a laminar flow and an incompressible fluid with a Prandtl number Pr = 0.71 (the case of air). The computation code thus developed was used to analyse the effect of the length of obstacles in the mid-square cavity. The obtained results were validated by comparing with those of a previously published works. It has been deduced that the addition of the obstacles influences the thermal and hydrodynamic profiles of the flow inside the cavity and its thermal performances.