bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paternalistic Colonialism in William Hodges’ Travels in India
Authors: Poudel Uttam
Published: May 2022

This paper seeks to discuss the idea of paternalistic colonialism in William Hodges’ travelogue, Travels in India. This idea adheres to the discourse in which actions and decisions are made for another person or group with the intention of benefitting them. By executing the critical idea, “Paternalism” advanced by Nicholas Cornell and Fiona Robinson, this researcher draws the conclusion that Hodges, here, stands for an altruistic colonial rule that can set India’s destiny. By placing spotlight on ruinous lands and landscapes, the writer makes an attempt to appropriate the presence of British Empire therein for the reconstruction of India. It is thugh the rhetoric of ruin, he strives to justify the British colonialism in India as an inevitable force for the over­all development of the country. He favors the glorious presence of British government as a passport to transform the ignominious destiny of India and Indians. By critically analyzing Hodges’ recurrent emphasis on the presence of British government in order for India to take a gigantic leap from rags to riches, this article gives sustained attention to argue that the writer is in favor of paternalistic colonialism.
देवयानी खण्डकाव्यमा अङ्गीरसको निरूपण [Description of Angiras in Devyani Khandakavya]
Authors: अधिकारी Adhikari चक्रप्रसाद Chakra Prasad
Published: May 2022

देवयानी खण्डकाव्यमा अङ्गीरसको निरुपण लेखमा सर्वप्रथम कवि र काव्यको सामान्य परिचय दिइएको छ । विषयवस्तु प्रस्ट्याउन अलग अलग शीर्षक राखी विषय परिचयमा विषयवस्तु खुलाउन देवयानी खण्डकाव्यको कथावस्तुलाई सामान्य चिनारमिा रुपमा प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । अङ्गीरसको सामान्य परिचय दिई त्यसका उपकरणको चर्चा गर्दै आलम्वन,उद्दीपन विभाव, अनुभाव,व्यभिचारी भावको सटिक चर्चा गरिएको छ । प्राज्ञिक समस्याका रुपमा देवयानी खण्डकाव्यमा कुन अङ्गीरसको प्रयोग गरिएको छ भन्ने समस्या राखी देवयानी खण्डकाव्यमा प्रयुक्त अङ्गीरसको निरुपण गर्ने उद्देश्य किटान गरिएको छ ।सामग्री सङ्कलन तथा विश्लेषणका क्रममा पुस्तकालयीय अध्ययनको उपयोग गरी विश्लेषण गरिएको छ ।शैद्धान्तिक पर्याधारका रुपमा पूर्वीय वाङ्मयको रससिद्धान्तको प्रयोग गरिएको छ ।यस अघि भए गरेका पूर्वकार्यको सामान्य चर्चा गरी विश्लेषणतर्फ अघि बढिएको छ । देवयानी खण्डकाव्यको परिचय,रचनागर्भ लगायतका विश्लेषणीय पक्षलाई अँगाल्दै उक्त काव्यमा प्रयुक्त अङ्गीरस र अङ्गरसको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ र देवयानी खण्डकाव्य शृङ्गार अङ्गीरस तथा अन्य अङ्गरसको प्रयोग भएको रसयुक्त काव्य हो भन्ने निष्कर्षमा पुगिएको छ ।
विशेषसमवायपदार्थपरिशीलनम् [Special cohesive substances]
Authors: आचार्यः Acharya पुरुषोत्तम Purushottam
Published: May 2022

प्रस्तुतोऽयमालेखो न्यायवैशेषिकदर्शनयोर्विशेषसमवायपदार्थयोः विवेचने केन्द्रितो वर्तते । गुणात्मकस्वरूपे सज्जीकृतेऽस्मिन् आलेखे पुस्तकालयीयविधिद्वारा प्राप्ततथ्यानां विश्लेषणं विधायान्ते निष्कर्षः प्रस्तुतो वर्तते । अत्र न्यायवैशेषिकाचार्याभिमतयोर्विशेषसमवायपदार्थयोः स्वरूपं विश्लिष्टं विद्यते । आस्तिकदर्शनेषु काणाददर्शनं वैशेषिकनाम्ना कथं विख्यातम् ? विशेषस्वरूपं कीदृशम् ? समवायस्य च स्वरूपं कीदृशम् ? इत्यादिप्रश्नाः नूनमेव मनसि परिभ्रमेयुः । तादृशाशङ्कानिरसनायैवायमालेखः प्रस्तुतः । विशेषपदार्थस्य स्वरूपचिन्तनक्रमे सर्वप्रथमं कणाद–प्रशस्तपादाचार्य–विश्वनाथप्रभृतीनामाचार्याणां मतं विविच्य निष्कर्षरूपेण नित्यद्रव्यवृत्तित्वे सति स्वतोव्यावर्तकत्वं विशेषस्य लक्षणमिति प्रस्तुतम् । एवमेव निरवयवानां परमाणूनां परस्परं भेदसाधनाय विशेषः स्वीकर्तव्यः, अन्यथा घटपटादीनां परस्परं भेदो न स्यादेव । विशेषपदार्थस्वीकृतत्वादेव काणाददर्शनं वैशेषिकनाम्ना प्रथितमित्यादिचिन्तनमत्र प्रस्तुतं विद्यते । एवमेव समवायपदार्थविश्लेषणक्रमे सर्वप्रथमं समवायस्वरूपं प्रदश्र्य अयुतसिद्धवृत्तिसम्बन्धत्वं हि तल्लक्षणं निष्कर्षरूपेण   प्रस्तुतमत्र । ततः समवायसत्त्वे प्रमाणम्, तन्नित्यत्वम्, एकत्वम्, तस्य प्रत्यक्षत्वं वानुमेयत्वमित्यादिविवेचनपूर्वकमन्ते निष्कर्षः प्रदत्तो वर्तते । अस्मान्निष्कर्षान्न्यायवैशेषिकसम्बद्धयोः विशेषसमवायपदार्थयोरवबोधने जिज्ञासूनां कृतेऽयमालेख उपयोगी भविष्यतीत्यपेक्ष्यते ।
‘बन्द ढोका र समय' कथामा भयानक रस [Terrible juice in the story 'Closed Doors and Time']
Authors: तिवारी Tiwari प्रेमप्रसाद Prem Prasas
Published: May 2022

महेशविक्रम शाहको छापामारको छोरो (२०६३) कथासङ्ग्रहमा सङ्कलित ‘बन्द ढोका र समय’ भयानक रससँग सम्बन्धित कथा हो । यस कथामा २०५२ सालदेखि २०६२ /२०६३ सालसम्मको नेपाली समाजको अवस्थालाई विषयका रूपमा चयन गरिएको छ । यस कथामा विशेषत: ग्रामीण क्षेत्रमा बसोबास गर्ने आम नेपालीको अवस्था युद्धका वेलामा कतिसम्म कमजोर भएको थियो भन्ने विषयको उठान गरिएको छ । यहाँ ‘बन्द ढोका र समय’ कथामा रहेका विभाव, अनुभाव, व्यभिचारीभाव र स्थायीभावको निरूपण गरी रसाभिव्यक्तिको अवस्था विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यस कथामा ऊ र नन्दा प्रमुख आलम्बनका रूपमा आएका छन् । त्यस्तै कथामा निनु, हतियारधारी, छोरी, रूपसराजस्ता आलम्बनको पनि उपस्थिति पाइन्छ । युद्धले ग्रसित नेपाली ग्रामीण समाज कथामा उद्दीपन विभावका रूपमा आएको छ । कथामा आएका यिनै आलम्बनका क्रिया कायिक, वाचिक, सात्त्विक तथा आहार्य अनुभाव बनेर प्रकट भएका छन् । यिनै अनुभावको शृङ्खलाबाट कथावस्तुको संरचना निर्मित भएको  छ । विश्लेष्य कथामा भय, शोक, वत्सल तथा जुगुप्सा भाव स्थायीभावका रूपमा प्रकट भएका छन् । यस कथामा चिन्ता, स्मृति, त्रास, पीडा, दैन्य, श्रम, आलस्य, आवेग, विबोध, धृति, विषाद, शङ्का, ग्लानि, औत्सुक्य, चपलता, जडता, वितर्क, अश्रु, संशय, मोह आदि व्यभिचारीभावहरू प्रकट भएका  छन् । यी सबै भावद्वारा परिपुष्ट बनेको भय स्थायीभाव भयानक रसका रूपमा अभिव्यक्त भएको छ ।
भारोपेली भाषा परिवारमा स्वर ध्वनि परिवर्तन [Voice change in the Bharopeli language family]
Authors: भण्डारी Bhandari महेन्द्र Mahendra
Published: May 2022

प्रस्तुत लेखमा भारोपेली  भाषा परिवारमा स्वर ध्वनिको परिवर्तन कसरी भएको छ भन्ने विषयमा स्पष्ट पारिएको छ ।  भारतीय तथा युरोपेली महाद्वीपमा बोलिने भाषा भारोपेली भाषा हो र यसका शतम् र केन्तुम् गरी दुई वर्ग रहेका छन् ।  यी भाषाहरूको मूल एउटै भाषा रहेको थियो र समयक्रममा भाषिक परिवर्तन भई अन्य विभिन्न भाषाहरूको निर्माण भए । भारोपेली भाषा परिवारको सबैभन्दा प्राचीन र समृद्ध भाषा पनि हो । यस भाषामा ईसापूर्व ६००० देखिका वाङ्मयहरू रहेका छन् । यस भाषाबाट अन्य विभिन्न भाषाहरूमा ध्वनि परिवर्तन भएका छन् यसै क्रममा भारोपेली  भाषाका अन्य भाषामा पनि यस भाषाका स्वर ध्वनिहरूको परिवर्तन भएर गएका छन् ।  स्वर ध्वनि परिवर्तनको सिद्धान्तलाई मुख्य पर्याधार मानेर मुख्य समस्याको समाधान खोजिएको प्रस्तुत लेखमा  ध्वनि परिवर्तन हुने क्रममा सबैभन्दा कम ‘औ’ ध्वनि परिवर्तन भएको छ भने अन्य ध्वनिहरू धेरै रूपमा परिवर्तन भएका छन् । यसरी  संस्कृत भाषाबाट सबैभन्दा निकटको शतम् वर्गमा कम मात्रामा र केही टाढा रहेको केन्तुम् वर्गका भाषामा अधिक रूपमा ध्वनि परिवर्तन भएको निष्कर्ष प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ ।
नेपाली दलित समुदायका समस्या र साहित्यमा दलितदृष्टि [Problems of Nepali Dalit community and Dalit vision in literature]
Authors: अधिकारी अर्याल Adhikari Aryal रम्भा Rambha
Published: May 2022

वर्णाश्रम व्यवस्थाभित्र लामो समयदेखि उत्पीडनमा पारिएको, दबाउँदै आइएको वा दबिएको समुदायलाई बुझाउने शब्दका रूपमा ‘दलित’ शब्द प्रचलित छ । यद्यपि यस शब्दसँग मिल्दाजुल्दा केही शब्दहरू वेद, उपनिषद्, ब्राह्मणग्रन्थ, स्मृतिग्रन्थ र पुराणहरूमा पाइन्छन् । नेपाली दलितहरूले आर्थिक क्षेत्रका समस्या, राजनीतिक–प्रशासनिक क्षेत्रका समस्या र सामाजिक–सांस्कृतिक क्षेत्रका समस्या गरी मूलतः तीनवटा विषयक्षेत्रसँग सम्बन्धित समस्याहरू भोगिरहेका छन् । यी समस्यालाई नीतिगत र धारणागत गरी दुई वर्गमा विभाजित गर्न सकिन्छ । प्रस्तुत लेखमा यिनै समस्यालाई नेपाली साहित्यका विभिन्न विधामा केकसरी चित्रण गरिएको छ भन्ने सन्दर्भलाई सङ्क्षिप्त रूपमा केलाइएको छ । प्रस्तुत लेख गुणात्मक अध्ययन पद्धतिमा आधारित छ । यस अध्ययनबाट नेपाली साहित्यअन्तर्गतका विभिन्न विधा, विशेषगरी फुटकर कविता, गीत, गीतिनाटक, कथा, उपन्यास र निबन्ध विधामा दलित समस्याको सामान्य उठान गरिएको देखियो । यीमध्ये उपन्यास, कथा र कविता विधामा दलित विषयक सन्दर्भको विशेष उपस्थिति रहेको देखिन्छ।
Women and Nature in Abhijnanashakuntalam: an Eco-feminist Study
Authors: Khanal Shyama
Published: May 2022

This article aims to oversee the relation between women and nature in Kalidasa’s play Abhijnanashakuntalam. The researcher has tried to dig upon the concept of eco-feminism seen in the play by depicting the close relationship between women and nature. Kalidasa’s Abhijnanashakuntalam underscores the patriarchal structure based on dualisms like men/woman, masculine/ feminine, culture/ nature, and spiritual/material, which destabilizes the system based on the hierarchy of the traditional gender roles. Qualitative analysis has been done by assessing eco-feminist theory as a method of study. It is found that the heroine of the play Shakuntala has been presented as a nature’s child as shown her relation with plants, peacocks and deer. It is also the projection on, how the identity, status and destiny of women remain intertwined with those of nature globally as far as their impoverishment, exploitation, marginalization, abrogation, depletion, commoditization and subjugation are concerned. Kalidasa has tried to depict interdependence of two elements; nature and human emotions which has been discussed in this paper.
Ustawowe ujęcie przestępstwa rozboju w prawie czeskim i słowackim w porównaniu do rozwiązań przyjętych w polskim kodeksie karnym
Authors: Radecki Wojciech Anna Zientara , Zientara Anna
Published: May 2022

This article introduces readers to the regulation of the act of robbery in the Czech and Slovak penal codes. The solutions adopted in the Czech Republic and Slovakia have been presented by comparing them to the regulation of the act of robbery contained in the Polish Penal Code. The perormed analysis showed that there are significant differences between the regulation of the act of robbery in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, and the solutions adopted in the Polish Penal Code. For example, the qualifying types of robbery were presented differently. Moreover, in the Czech Republic and Slovakia the act of robbery takes place already at the moment of conducting violence to seize property, while in Poland it takes place at a later stage – with the actual seizure of someone else’s property. What is already a robbery under Czech and Slovak law, is only an attempt according to the Polish Penal Code. The article also compares severity of penalties for robbery in Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, and presents the options for liability of collective entities for robbery in these three countries.
Przekład artykułu Sibyl A. Schwarzenbach „Braterstwo, solidarność i przyjaźń obywatelska”
Authors: Szyszka Kamila , Sepczyńska Dorota
Published: May 2022

Justice requires a certain form of “fraternity” (Rawls), “solidarity” (Marxists) or “civic friendship” (Aristotle), which is often justified with a need to limit socio-economic inequalities that can undermine just political institutions. However, fraternity has long been associated with the community of “male citizens”, and was also usurped by a totalitarian margin (e.g. the Bruderschaftof the Nazi elite). Less often it is observed that the idea of solidarity, of “standing together” in the opposition to practices of exploitation, has also been modelled on historically male forms of activity: on marching, demonstrating, fighting at the barricades (military activity) or launching labour strikes (economic production). The significance of the notion of civic friendship today is grounded in a third model – that of ethical action or praxis – i.e. in all those activities that support the reproduction of flourishing relations (here called friendship), whether personal or civic, for their own sake. This model of activity has been eclipsed in the modern period by the dominant model of production, yet it includes a host of practices, traditionally (but by no means exclusively) performed by women outside the market: feeding and caring for the young, for the old and sick, developing others’ abilities, educating them, simple playing, etc. Once this alternative model is developed – and its practices thoroughly adapted to modern principles of universal right and respect for personhood – the ideal of civic friendship may just be the most appropriate idea of community for today’s democratic and pluralist society.
Status prawny budynku lub innego urządzenia z art. 151 k.c.
Authors: Warciński Michał
Published: May 2022

The article refers to the legal status of a building which was constructed encroaching the border of neighbouring land. In such a case part of the building is placed on one real estate and the other part on another real estate, belonging to someone else. In legal doctrine and jurisprudence three possible solutions of this problem were proposed. According to the first approach, the whole building becomes a component of the „starting” real estate. According to the second approach the part of the building positioned on another’s land becomes part of this land and therfore property of this land’s owner. According to the third approach – until proper land servitude is established (building servitude), the second approach should be adopted and after the servitude is established – the first approach. The author of this article adopts the second approach, pointing out that among many arguments in this discussion, superficies solo cedit rule is of decisive significance.
Zintegrowany System Informacji o Nieruchomościach jako źródło informacji przy wykonywaniu czynności komorniczych
Authors: Klimach Anna , Pietkiewicz Michał
Published: May 2022

Technological progress has many manifestations. One of them is the development of information and communication systems containing information necessary for the court bailiffs. Such systems can be useful in enforcement proceedings, but it has to be established whether they contain all the data needed in such proceedings. These data include information on entities, movables, and real estate. When performing their tasks, even the basic ones, such as delivering official letters, pursuant to Art. 1391 § 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure (CCP), or establishing the current place of residence, bailiffs need information, including the addressee’s personal data. Enforcement against real estate requires information on the object against which the enforcement will be conducted. This paper analysed how the use of the Integrated Real Estate Information System can accelerate and streamline a bailiff’s work.
Risk Factor Profile of Lung Cancer Patients: A Study from the Himalayan State of Indian Subcontinent
Authors: Manjunath Sharathbabu N , V. Madabhavi Irappa , S. Sarkar Malay , S. Kaushal Satinder
Published: May 2022

Background: Primary lung cancers in India were reported to be rare in earlier studies. But the trend is changing and there is increased incidence of lung cancers. Aims and Objectives: This present descriptive observational study was conducted to report the risk factor profile of the lung cancer patients from the Himalayan state of the Indian population. Materials and Methods: This descriptive epidemiological study was conducted from a single centre, in a prospective observational design, among the patients who were diagnosed as carcinoma lung histologically or cytologically over a period of one year in a tertiary care referral centre in the Himalayan state of the Northern India. The patients data was collected in detailed manner pertaining to age, sex, residence and occupation, questionnaires regarding risk factors like smoking history, Environmental tobacco smoke exposure, Indoor pollution, Alcohol history, HIV infection, Structural lung disease, Religion and Geography. Results: One hundred and one consecutive patients of primary lung cancer were recruited in the study which was confirmed either cytologically or histopathologically. Out of 101 patients, 79 (78.2%) were males and 22 (21.8%) were females, mean age was 62.65 years, 97 (96%) patients had rural background and 4 (4%) patients had urban background, 96 (95.04%) patients were active smokers, 3 (2.9%) were passive smokers and non smokers were 2 (1.9%), 25 (24.8%) were vegetarians and 76 (75.2%) were non vegetarians. 36 patients (35.6%) were from altitude of 0-1000 meters, 41 patients (40.6%) were from altitude of 1001-2000 meters, 21.8% were from altitude of 2001-3000 meters and 2% were from altitude of 3001-4000 meters. Adenocarcinoma was the most common type at all altitudes. Conclusions: Awareness about carcinoma lung in the Himalayan state especially in rural population is still lacking and are presenting at an advanced stage, which largely impact on survival of the patients. This study provides the data pertaining to risk factor profile of the lung cancer patients from the Himalayan state and can be utilised for future comparison with other Indian studies, to educate the community and to spread the awareness of the prevailing lung cancer risk factors.
Angry children
Authors: Estrada Vigil Ines
Published: May 2022

We have been dealing with stress around the world due to the coronavirus outbreak. Too many changes affecting our daily routines, taking into account that routines make us all feel safe, kids had to adjust to homeschooling, no playmates around, parents confused doing home office and homeschooling...many overwhelmed. All these changes in our normality have had an impact on us. And of course, on the children. It is quite common to see people behave angrily with this COVID outbreak. Anger is just one emotion. A frequent one. To feel anger is an emotion; to behave angrily is a choice. Let’s talk here about the way children show this emotion.
Particularities of Depressive and Anxious Symptoms in Patients with Neurocognitive Disorders
Authors: Alexandru Mihalcea , Cristina Oprea , Mihnea Costin Manea
Published: May 2022

Mood disorders encountered by the elderly are of concern to specialists in the fields of psychiatry, psychology and other social sciences, especially in the current social and demographic context of increasing the elderly population. This study aimed to build an affective and emotional profile of the patient with neurocognitive disorder. The study involved 91 patients, 49 women and 42 men, aged between 55 and 85, hospitalized in a clinical psychiatric hospital. To assess cognitive impairment, the Minimental State Examination test, was applied. To assess the level of anxiety and depression, the Clinical Assessment Scales for the Elderly (CASE - SF) were applied. Cognitive impairment correlates positively with nonspecific symptoms of anxiety and depression. Among the non-specific symptoms of anxiety, overwhelming agitation (r (89) = .40, p <.001), irritability (r (89) = 0.34, p <.001) and anxiety are positively correlated with cognitive impairment. Depressive symptoms correlate poorly with cognitive impairment. Among the symptoms of anxiety, the strongest predictor is irritability (β = – .46, t(85) = 4.72, p < .001). In patients with cognitive impairment, the symptoms of depression and anxiety take on different and aspects. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new diagnostic system for the elderly, because the psychiatric symptoms of the elderly have a different expression than that of adults. The authors certify that they have NO affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers’ bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript “Particularities of depressive and anxious symptoms in patients with neurocognitive disorders”.
Interventions for Persons Affected by Conflicts & Insurgency: An Assessment of Psychosocial Support in Idp Camps In Nigeria
Authors: J Umesi Emenike
Published: May 2022

Armed conflicts and insurrections are a precursor for mental health challenges in children, adolescents and young adults. A wide range of psychosocial approaches have been suggested for managing such challenges which result from these conflicts driven situations. This study investigated the extent to which psychosocial intervention programmes are implemented for the internally displaced persons (IDPs) in the camps in Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria and how these programmes are able to meet the needs of the affected persons. A qualitative research design was adopted, and three research questions were generated. Subjects are 200 respondents that are selected from a target population of 1005 displaced persons in two (2) camps in Borno state, through simple random sampling. Instruments used for data collection included questionnaire, interviews and focus group discussions. The result of the study showed that several psychosocial approaches were utilized in the management of the post trauma challenges and were rendered by various professional and volunteer groups in the camp. The study concludes that effective and efficacious interventions for these conflicts driven challenges require strengthening and that these services which are available in the camps require retooling, deepening and some conscious improvement.
Peculiar Therapeutic Property of Camel’s (Camelus dromedarius) Urine Against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Bhardwaj Vibha
Published: May 2022

The remedial use of camel urine has been known for centuries, with evidence of its use for curative purposes found in early folklore. It has been used to cure different diseases; however, the significant therapeutic benefits of urine have yet to undergo rigorous scientific evaluation. The exploration of the use of camel urine is of great interest to determine their efficacy in pharmaceutical industry. This study investigated the effect of camel’s urine against five human pathogenic bacteria, to determine their efficacy against multidrug resistant microbes. The probe was done by agar well diffusion method. Multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), E. coli (ATCC 8739), Salmonella enterica (ATCC 14028), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) were used in the study. Ciprofloxacin was used as standard. Maximum zone of inhibition was observed with Salmonella enterica which is 33 ± 0.2 mm. Additionally, Multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus was strongly inhibited by camel’s urine. Moreover, MDR strains of Bacillus subtilis, also shows inhibition. The potency shown by camel’s urine for therapeutic action, recommends their use against multidrug resistant microorganisms. In this research work, scientific evidence has been presented that supports, therapeutic capabilities of camel’s urine which exhibited a potential antibacterial activity against the tested microorganisms and could be a potential source of new antimicrobial agents.
Prezydentura Donalda Trumpa i 25. poprawka do Konstytucji Stanów Zjednoczonych
Authors: Mazur Sylwia Katarzyna
Published: May 2022

Zważywszy na silną pozycję prezydenta w amerykańskim systemie ustrojowym, kwestia ciągłości władzy jest kluczowa dla stabilności i bezpieczeństwa nie tylko Stanów Zjednoczonych, lecz także globalnego porządku. Jednym z przepisów regulujących sukcesję głowy państwa jest 25. poprawka Konstytucji, regulująca w sekcji trzeciej i czwartej sytuację, w której prezydent nie jest zdolny do pełnienia swoich obowiązków. Choć sekcja czwarta nie została dotychczas użyta, to głosy dotyczące jej wykorzystania towarzyszyły prezydenturze Donalda Trumpa przez niemalże całą kadencję. Autorka stawia tezę, iż 25. poprawka, szczególnie jej czwarta sekcja, nie została stworzona jako narzędzie usunięcia prezydenta z urzędu i nie może być traktowana jako alternatywa dla procedury impeachmentu, jak miało to miejsce w przypadku prezydentury Donalda Trumpa, szczególnie po ataku na Kapitol w styczniu 2021 r. W artykule zaprezentowano okoliczności wprowadzenia poprawki, analizie poddano jej treść ze szczególnym zwróceniem uwagi na sekcję czwartą oraz zaprezentowano argumenty za oraz przeciw wykorzystaniu poprawki w celu usunięciu 45. prezydenta. Artykuł łączy w sobie rozważania teoretyczne (analiza Konstytucji Stanów Zjednoczonych oraz aktów regulujących kwestię sukcesji w prawie amerykańskim) wraz ze studium przypadku prezydentury Donalda Trumpa.
Negocjacje w XXI wieku. Teoria, praktyka i znaczenie, red. Beata Piskorska, Agnieszka Magdalena Zaręba, Wydawnictwo KUL, Lublin 2020, ss. 13
Authors: Maj Dorota
Published: May 2022

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Учебная модель генетической структуры популяции и эксперименты с ней
Authors: Комарова Олена Володимирівна
Published: May 2022

В статье рассматривается методика модельных экспериментов по генетике и эволюции популяции как метода развития у учащихся умения моделирования. Утверждается, что учебной моделью генетической структуры популяции является полученное в ходе экспериментальных действий первое соотношение генов и генотипов. В статье описаны особенности модельных экспериментов при отсутствии и наличии влияния на популяцию факторов динамики ее генетической структуры.
Російсько-український тлумачний словник паремій
Authors: Колоїз Ж. В. , Бакум З. П. , Білоконенко Л. А. , Вавринюк Т. І. , Малюга Н. М. , Шарманова Н. М.
Published: May 2022

Запропонована праця охоплює понад 5000 паремій (1133 словникові статті), є найвірогіднішим довідником під час перекладу російських текстів українською мовою, має на меті слугувати засобом ідентифікації пареміологічних норм, скерованих на вдосконалення й уніфікацію національної мови, засобом передавання інформації про умови використання тієї чи тієї пареміологічної одиниці, сприяти опануванню передусім рідної (української) мови, її паремійного корпусу крізь призму чужого (російського), долученню користувача до знань, нагромаджених у певній культурі, певному соціумі. Книжка призначена для аспірантів, учителів-словесників, студентів, усіх, хто цікавиться паремійним багатством української мови.
The International Conference on History, Theory and Methodology of Learning (ICHTML 2020). Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine, May 13-15, 2020
Authors: Shramko Y.
Published: May 2022

Proceedings of the International Conference on History, Theory and Methodology of Learning (ICHTML 2020). Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine, May 13-15, 2020
Substandard Vocabulary in the System of Urban Communication
Authors: Гарлицька Т. С.
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to substandard elements which are considered as one of the components in the system of urban forms of communication. The Object of our research is substandard vocabulary, the Subject is structural characteristics of the modern city language, the Purpose of the study is to define the main types of substandard vocabulary and their role in the system of urban communication. The theoretical base of our research includes the scientific works of native and foreign linguists, which are devoted to urban linguistics (B. Larin, M. Makovskyi, V. Labov, T. Yerofeieva, L. Pederson, R. McDavid, O. Horbach, L. Stavytska, Y. Stepanov, S. Martos). Different lexical and phraseological units, taken from the Ukrainian, Russian and American Dictionaries of slang and jargon, serve as the material of our research. The main components of the city language include literary language, territorial dialects, different intermediate transitional types, which are used in the colloquial everyday communication but do not have territorial limited character, and social dialects. The structural characteristics, proposed in the article, demonstrate the variety and correlation of different subsystems of the city language. Today peripheral elements play the main role in the city communication. They are also called substandard, non-codified, marginal, non-literary elements or the jargon styles of communication. Among substandard elements of the city language the most important are social dialects, which include such subsystems as argot, jargon and slang. The origin, functioning and characteristics of each subsystem are studied on the material of linguistic literature of different countries. It is also ascertained that argot is the oldest form of sociolects, jargon divides into corporative and professional ones, in the structure of slangy words there are common and special slang. Besides, we can speak about sociolectosentrism of the native linguistics and linguemosentrism of the English tradition of slang nomination. Except social dialects, the important structural elements of the city language are also intermediate transitional types, which include koine, colloquialisms, interdialect, surzhyk, pidgin and creole. Surzhyk can be attributed to the same type of language formations as pidgin and creole because these types of oral speech were created mostly by means of the units mixing of the obtruded language of the parent state with the elements of the native languages.
Соціолінгвістичні параметри міського мовлення на тлі прозових творів С. Жадана
Authors: Гарлицька Т. С.
Published: May 2022

У статті розглядаються соціолінгвістичні особливості нелітературних лексико-фразеологічних одиниць у прозових творах С. Жадана, які є віддзеркаленням мови сучасного міста. Розмовні лексико-фразеологічні елементи класифікуються за семантичними групами та соціальними стратами; аналізується їх функціональне призначення та основні тенденції розвитку.
Жаргонна лексика як лінгвістичний та соціокультурний феномен міського мовлення
Authors: Гарлицька Т. С.
Published: May 2022

Статтю присвячено дослідженню українського міського мовлення на матеріалі жаргонної лексики. У праці визначено лінгвокультурні особливості та місце жаргонізмів у загальній системі соціальних діалектів; виявлено основні тематичні групи жаргону сучасного українського міста; диференційовано жаргоні елементи за соціальною та віковою стратами.
Словотвірний потенціал жаргонної лексики
Authors: Гарлицька Т. С.
Published: May 2022

Стаття присвячена проблемі словотвірних можливостей жаргонізмів української, російської та англійської мов. У вивченні природи жаргонізмів різних мов основна увага приділяється порівняльному аспекту, що дозволяє визначити загальномовні тенденції, що відбуваються в суспільстві та мові. У роботі з’ясовано, що джерельна база жаргонів є досить розгалуженою й різноманітною, адже вони виникають унаслідок семантичного переосмислення вже існуючих у мові слів, шляхом запозичення з інших мов та соціальних діалектів, а також морфологічним способом. Автор також наголошує на тому, що особливе дериваційне розмаїття притаманне молодіжному сленгу та кримінальному арго.
Комунікативний підхід як спосіб формування творчих здібностей майбутніх учителів англійської мови
Authors: Гарлицька Т. С.
Published: May 2022

Статтю присвячено дослідженню комунікативного підходу, який застосовується на заняттях з англійської мови у вищій школі. Комунікативний підхід визначається як ефективний засіб розвитку креативності студентів, який використовується в усіх видах мовленнєвої діяльності. Значення досліджуваного підходу продемонстровано на основі специфічних методів та вправ, таких як круглий стіл, рольова гра, самостійне створення студентами завдань з англійської мови, метод ситуацій, проектів та метод абсурду. Про їх зв'язок із формуванням творчих здібностей свідчить низка умінь та навичок, які студенти здобувають під час використання цих методів. Метод “круглого столу” підвищує тонус спілкування, стимулює мовну творчість та мобілізує фантазію; метод ситуацій підвищує внутрішню мотивованість студентів, створюючи умови для вираження передбачень, виявлення креативного мислення; метод проектів формує самостійність у способі викладення та презентації інформації; метод “рольової гри” допомагає розвивати комунікативні навички, сприйняття, пам'ять, уяву, спостережливість; метод абсурду вимагає від студентів таких умінь, як ерудиція, дослідницькі навички, готовність до непередбачуваних ситуацій, імпровізація, уміння подавати нові ідеї; метод створення власних завдань не лише розвиває креативне мислення, дизайнерські уміння, уяву, комунікативні навички, але й стане цінним матеріалом у майбутній професійній діяльності студентів.
Exploring the potential of augmented reality for teaching school computer science
Authors: Oleksiuk Vasyl P. , Oleksiuk Olesia R.
Published: May 2022

The article analyzes the phenomenon of augmented reality (AR) in education. AR is a new technology that complements the real world with the help of computer data. Such content is tied to specific locations or activities. Over the last few years, AR applications have become available on mobile devices. AR becomes available in the media (news, entertainment, sports). It is starting to enter other areas of life (such as e-commerce, travel, marketing). But education has the biggest impact on AR. Based on the analysis of scientific publications, the authors explored the possibilities of using augmented reality in education. They identified means of augmented reality for teaching computer science at school. Such programs and services allow students to observe the operation of computer systems when changing their parameters. Students can also modify computer hardware for augmented reality objects and visualize algorithms and data processes. The article describes the content of author training for practicing teachers. At this event, some applications for training in AR technology were considered. The possibilities of working with augmented reality objects in computer science training are singled out. It is shown that the use of augmented reality provides an opportunity to increase the realism of research; provides emotional and cognitive experience. This all contributes to engaging students in systematic learning; creates new opportunities for collaborative learning, develops new representations of real objects.
TWO-STAGE ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF WHEAT STRAW USING IMMOBILIZED MICROBIAL CONSORTIA
Authors: Hubenov Venelin , Miteva-Staleva Jeny , Eneva Rumyana , Boteva Nikoleta , Kabaivanova Lyudmila
Published: May 2022

The serious energy and environmental problems associated with the use of fossil fuels necessitate the search for alternative energy sources. One of the modern approaches is the anaerobic degradation of organic waste from agricultural wastes. The hydrogen and methane thus obtained are sources of environmentally friendly energy, which reduces carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels, as well as gaseous emissions resulting from natural degradation processes in the disposal of waste materials. The described two-stage anaerobic digestion (TPAD) system with an immobilized microbial consortium represents an innovative biotechnological approach that seeks to obtain an increased energy yield and raised degree of processing of waste materials. Some additional raw materials which represent waste materials from other industrial scale processes can be successfully applied and support higher biohydrogen production from wheat straw. The temperature regime suitable for wheat straw biodegradation is 55°C resulting in 2.5 time more biohydrogen production. The VFAs obtained from BR-1 are suitable substrate for the immobilized microbial consortia which is formed for nearly twenty days of bioreactor maintenance.
Gender/Sex Differences in the Association of Mild Behavioral Impairment with Cognitive Aging
Authors: Wolfova Katrin , Creese Byron , Aarsland Dag , Ismail Zahinoor , Corbett Anne , Ballard Clive , Hampshire Adam , Cermakova Pavla
Published: May 2022

Background: While the gender/sex differences in neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia population are well described, gender/sex differences in mild behavioral impairment (MBI) in dementia-free populations and the relationship to cognitive performance and to subsequent cognitive decline have not been studied. Objective: We aimed to explore gender/sex differences in the association of MBI with the level of cognitive performance and its rate of decline in a dementia-free cohort. Methods: We studied 8,181 older adults enrolled in the online PROTECT UK Study. MBI was assessed using the MBI Checklist and cognition was measured by digit span, paired associate learning, spatial working memory, and verbal reasoning. Statistical analysis was conducted using linear regression models and linear mixed-effects models. Results: Out of 8,181 individuals (median age 63 years, 73% females), 11% of females and 14% of males had MBI syndrome. Females exhibited less often symptoms of decreased motivation (45% versus 36% in males), impulse dyscontrol (40% versus 44% in males; p = 0.001) and social inappropriateness (12% versus 15%; p < 0.001), while they showed more often symptoms of emotional dysregulation (45% versus 36%; p < 0.001). The associations of MBI domains with some measures of cognitive performance and decline were stronger in males than females, with the exception of the association of emotional dysregulation with the rate of cognitive decline in verbal reasoning, which was present exclusively in females. Conclusion: MBI may influence cognition to a greater extent in males than in females. We propose that predictors and biomarkers of dementia should consider gender/sex as an effect modifier.
A Signal Detection Analysis of Olfactory Learning in 12-Month-Old 5xFAD Mice
Authors: Roddick Kyle M. , Fertan Emre , Schellinck Heather M. , Brown Richard E.
Published: May 2022

Although Alzheimer’s disease is most often studied in terms of memory impairments, olfactory dysfunction begins in the early stages. We tested olfactory learning, sensitivity, and response bias using signal detection methods in 12-month-old male and female 5xFAD mice and their wildtype controls in the operant olfactometer. Odor detection was not reduced in the 5xFAD mice, but learning was, which was worse in female 5xFAD mice than in males. Female mice were more conservative in their response strategy. Signal detection analysis allows us to discriminate between cognitive and sensory deficits of male and female mouse models of AD.
Tetrabenazine Mitigates Aberrant Release and Clearance of Dopamine in the Nigrostriatal System, and Alleviates L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Tseng Kuan-Yin , Kuo Tung-Tai , Wang Vicki , Huang Eagle Yi-Kung , Ma Kuo-Hsing , Olson Lars , Hoffer Barry J. , Chen Yuan-Hao
Published: May 2022

Background: L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID), occurring with aberrant processing of exogenous L-DOPA in the dopamine-denervated striatum, is a main complication of levodopa treatment in Parkinson’s disease. Objective: To characterize the effects of the vesicular antagonist tetrabenazine (TBZ) on L-DOPA-induced behavior, neurochemical signals, and underlying protein expressions in an animal model of Parkinson’s disease. Methods: 20-week-old MitoPark mice were co-treated or separately administered TBZ and L-DOPA for 14 days. Abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) and locomotor activity were analyzed. To explore dopamine (DA) transmission, fast scan cyclic voltammetry was used to assess presynaptic DA dynamics in striatal slices following treatments. PET imaging with 4-[18F]-PE2I, ADAM and immunoblotting assays were used to detect receptor protein changes in the DA-denervated striatum. Finally, nigrostriatal tissues were collected for HPLC measures of DA, serotonin and their metabolites. Results: A single injection of TBZ given in the interval between the two L-DOPA/Carbidopa treatments significantly attenuated L-DOPA-induced AIMs expression and locomotor hyperactivity. TBZ was shown to reduce tonic and phasic release of DA following L-DOPA treatment in DA-denervated striatal tissue. In the DA-depleted striatum, TBZ decreased the expression of L-DOPA-enhanced D1 receptors and the serotonin reuptake transporter. Neurochemical analysis indicated that TBZ attenuated L-DOPA-induced surges of DA levels by promoting DA turnover in the nigrostriatal system. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that TBZ diminishes abnormal striatal DA transmission, which involves the ability of TBZ to modulate the presymptomatic dynamics of DA, and then mitigate aberrant release of exogenous L-DOPA from nerve terminals. The results support the potential of repositioning TBZ to counteract LID development.
Assessment of everyday functioning in visually impaired children from a developing country1
Authors: Ramos de Toledo Negrão João Vitor , de Andrade Freire Lívia , de Araújo Bruna Michele Freire , Venâncio Tais Siqueira , Kasahara Niro
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE: To assess the functional capabilities and performance in children with visual impairment who live in a developing country. METHODS: This was a case-control study, including binocular and monocular visually impaired children and non-visually disabled controls aged between 4 and 12 years. All participants underwent a basic ophthalmic exam and caregivers answered the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). The results were compared among the groups with ANOVA. RESULTS: The sample included 35 children with visual disability (21 binocular and 14 monocular) and 23 age-matched controls. The groups did not differ in age, gender, and ethnicity. For the functional skills scale, binocular impaired children had lower scores than children from the monocular group and controls in all three domains – self-care (59.6±33.0, P < 0.001), mobility (38.5±26.6, P < 0.001), and social function (61.0±28.2, P < 0.001). For the caregiver assistance scale, children from the binocular group presented lower scores in the self-care (64.7±29.6, P = 0.002), mobility (50.6±36.3, P < 0.001), and social function (65.9±33.4, P = 0.008) domains as compared to monocular and controls. Children with monocular visual disability presented very similar scores to controls (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Children with binocular visual impairment presented some degree of difficulty with everyday functioning whereas monocular visual impairment did not cause any limitation in function.
Target-filter combination effects on breast tissue characterization using mammographic X-rays: A Monte Carlo simulation study
Authors: Elshemey Wael M. , Saif Refat Abo , Elfiky Abdo A.
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND:

Characterization of normal and malignant breast tissues using X-ray scattering techniques has shown promising results and applications.

OBJECTIVE:

To examine possibility of characterizing normal and malignant breast tissues using the scattered photon distribution of polyenergetic beams of 30 kV X-rays.

METHODS:

A Monte Carlo simulation is upgraded so that it is capable of simulating input mammographic X-ray spectra from different target-filter combinations, tracing photon transport, and producing the distribution of scattered photons. The target-filter combinations include Mo-Mo, Mo-Al, Mo-Rh, Rh-Rh, Rh-Al, W-Rh, and W-Al. Analysis of obtained scattered photon distribution is carried out by comparing the ratio of count under the peak in the momentum transfer region from 0 to 1.55 nm–1, to that in the region from 1.6 to 9.1 nm–1 (covering the regions of scattering from fat and soft tissue, respectively) for breast samples with different percentages of normal tissue (0–100%).

RESULTS:

Mo-Mo target-filter combination shows a high linear dependence of the count under peak ratio on the percentage of normal tissue in breast samples (R2 = 0.9513). Despite slightly less linear than Mo-Mo, target-filter combinations other than Rh-Rh, W-Rh, and W-Al produce high linear responses (R2 > 0.9)

CONCLUSION:

Mo-Mo target-filter combination would probably be the most relevant in characterizing normal and malignant breast tissues from their scattered photon distribution.
THE PRINCIPLE OF COMPOSITIONAL AND FIGURATIVE COMPLIANCE IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF NON-FORMAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Kravchenko Iryna
Published: May 2022

The article presents the author's view on the formation of composition and image in the architecture of non-formal education institutions (NFEI). Brief information about the basic principles of figurative design of the buildings of such institutions from the point of view of a systematic approach to the formation of their architecture is presented. Understanding the formation of the architecture of NFEI covers a fairly wide range of issues and compositional-figurative solutions are an important point, since the artificially created space for learning is now interpreted as a psycho-emotional and functional educational component. The architecture is very diverse and its formation depends on many factors: external and internal. Among the main principles of the figurative solution of the building, the author defines the following: the principle of compositional and figurative correspondence to the purpose of the institution and its planning solutions; the principle of conformity and opposition of the image of the building to the environment; the principle of scale (elements, materials, facade-shaped and interior solutions); the principle of attractiveness of a complex solution of an object (ensemble); the principle of conceptual integrity of architectural and imaginative solutions. The principle of compositional and figurative correspondence to the purpose of the institution and its planning solution is designated in this study as the first one, which requires making decisions related to the spatial and architectural and planning components. It is known that there are two main ways (approaches) of such solutions - from function to form and from form to function. The “function + environment = form” design path has been proven to be modern and productive. Its introduction is possible only with an analytical combination of the characteristics of the environment, its traditions, history and landscape properties with the functional purpose and content of the building. The example that was given (Zeimuls, Center of Creative Services of Eastern Latvia, SAALS Architectur) demonstrates the use of replication as one of the means to implement such a path. When designing in the existing urban development, adapting historical buildings and structures subject to renovation (refunctionalization), the “form-function” approach may turn out to be optimal, where the environment itself dictates certain decisions regarding the architectural formation of a non-formal education institution, and, at the same time, the creation of a unique educational recreational space (Experimentarium Science Center, CEBRA).

The architecture of such institutions, although it is connected in a certain way with the educational processes and scenarios familiar to us, has a very wide range of creating unique buildings, given the above approaches to shaping.
HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY DEPENDENCE ON POROSITY OF RAPID FILTERS MEDIA
Authors: Kravchuk Oleksandr , Kravchuk Olga
Published: May 2022

Important characteristics of the rapid filters media, such as hydraulic conductivity, porosity and filtration rate, are determined on the basis of experimental research, conducted by the authors. The relationship between these parameters, as well as the nature of their variation in the height of the filter bed, and over time during the operation of the structure is defined. The scheme of the developed experimental setup and its operation is presented. It consists of a filter column, sand filter media with initial porosity n = 0,47. Measurements were performed at different initial filtration rates V0 = 4.08 m/h, 6.93 m/h, 9.78 m/h, 13.04 m/h and concentrations of model contaminants С0 = 50 mg/dm3, 100 mg/dm3. Experimental dependences and relationships between the main experimental parameters were obtained according to the measurements results. Namely, the relationships between the porosity and the filter media hydraulic conductivity, between the porosity and the filtration rate were received. The analysis of the received data is carried out in the dimensionless form. The necessary graphs are constructed and the corresponding empirical dependences are determined. The effect of the hydraulic conductivity of granular media and filtration rate reduction while reducing the porosity of sand is confirmed. It is shown that filter media siltation and the filtration rate don’t change significantly at the initial stages of the filtration process. The intensity of these processes increases over time and reaches its maximum at the end of the filtration cycle.