bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRIPLE project: building a discovery platform to enhance collaboration
Authors: Dumouchel Suzanne , Blotière Emilie , Barbot Laure , Breitfuss Gert , Chen Yin , Di Donato Francesca , Forbes Paula , Petitfils Clara , Pohle Stefanie
Published: August 2020

Social Sciences and Humanities research is divided across a wide array of disciplines, sub- disciplines and languages. While this specialisation makes it possible to investigate the extensive variety of SSH topics, it also leads to a fragmentation that prevents SSH research from reaching its full potential. Use and reuse of research is suboptimal, interdisciplinary collaboration possibilities are often missed partially because of missing standards and referential keys between disciplines. Often, the reuse of data may paradoxically complicate a relevant sorting of data and a trust relationship between researchers. As a result, societal, economic and academic impacts are limited. Conceptually, there is a wealth of transdisciplinary collaborations, but in practice there is a need to help researchers and research institutions to connect them and support them, to prepare the research data for these overarching approaches and to make them findable and usable. TheTRIPLE(Targeting Researchers through Innovative Practices and Linked Exploration) project is a practical answer to the above issues, as it aims at designing and developing the European discovery platform dedicated to Social Sciences and Humanities resources. Funded under the European Commission program INFRAEOSC-02-2019 “Prototyping new innovative services”, thanks to a consortium of 19 partners, TRIPLE will develop a full multilingual and multicultural solution for the discovery and the reuse of Social Sciences and Humanities resources. The project started in October 2019 for a duration of 42 months thanks to European funding of 5.6 million €.
The use of Whatsapp in today’s mobile language teaching and learning
Authors: Ferreira-Meyers Karen , Martins Joana
Published: August 2020

This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of ICTs in the teaching and learning of foreign languages, in particular the use of WhatsApp in the Certificate in Portuguese programme offered by the Institute of Distance Education of the University of Eswatini. Theoretical aspects will be combined with practical examples of what has been happening on the WhatsApp platform since 2013 with learners of Portuguese. The practical part comes from field research undertaken by the tutor as a direct observer of activities and feedback between lecturers, tutors and students. The impact of COVID19 on the use of WhatsApp will also be looked at briefly. In conclusion, it will be noted that WhatsApp is a valuable environment to ensure that teaching and learning continues beyond the classroom and can be an important motivator for lifelong learning.
Influence of stiffness characteristics of a railway track on output parameters in a multibody model
Authors: Dižo Ján , Blatnický Miroslav
Published: August 2020

The article is aimed at the research of the influence of stiffness characteristics included in a model of a railway track, which is the part of a multibody system. The other part of the multibody model is a railway vehicle. Authors are focused on the investigation of response of some selected output parameters under various values of input of stiffness and damping coefficients. The interaction of a railway vehicle and a railway track is studied. A passenger railway vehicle has been chosen for presented research. Outputs parameters are chosen in the passenger ride comfort point of view and the running safety point of view. The passenger ride comfort can be evaluated either by the direct method, when a real vehicle runs on a track and passengers evaluate a vehicle by means of their feelings during the ride or by means of the indirect method, when accelerometers are used for measuring accelerations in various positions of a tested wagon and subsequently values of accelerations are processed in required way. Then, the ride comfort is calculated and indexed by means of ride comfort indices. In the presented work, the indirect method has been used. In the computer multibody model of the wagon accelerations on a floor have been detected and the mean ride comfort for a person is assessed. The ride safety is most often determined by waveforms of vertical wheel forces, lateral wheel forces and the derailment quotient.
Progress and recent trends in generative design
Authors: Ntintakis Ioannis , Stavroulakis George E.
Published: August 2020

Due to recent developments in the field of additive manufacturing enormous advantages have become in product design and manufacturing process. Before the appearance of additive manufacturing, developing very complex or light weight structures was difficult to manufacture. The development of artificial intelligent technology helps to develop new collaborative tools and algorithms. Generative design approach is one of them. The outcome model from a generative design study is not depending only from designer/engineer experience or his knowledge. Designers can react with sophisticated algorithms through CAD programs to specify the shape and the topology of the model. A significant tool on a generative design system is topology optimization which is able to generate different solutions. The changes in design process are significant. A rough conceptual design (sketch) or a 3d model is first prepared. Then, boundary conditions, safety factor, manufacturing limitations and materials properties are defined. The generative design system generates potential solutions. It’s up to the designer to find the design that best fits to his need. In this paper the review covers the limitations of current systems through the study of specific design cases using commercial generative design systems.
3D-Printed Composite Bone Bricks For Large Bone Tissue Applications
Authors: Daskalakis Evangelos , Liu Fengyuan , Acar Anil A. , Dinea Edera-Elena , Cooper Glen , Weightman Andrew , Koç Bahattin , Blunn Gordon , Jorge Bártolo Paulo
Published: August 2020

This study investigates the use of low cost, customizable, biodegradable, polymer-ceramic composite porous structures (bone bricks) for large bone tissue regeneration. Different ceramic materials (hydroxyapatite (HA), β-tri-calcium phosphate (TCP) and Bioglass (45S5) were mixed with poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL). Bone bricks with different material compositions were produced using an extrusion-based additive manufacturing system. Produced bone bricks were morphologically and mechanically assessed. Results allowed to establish a correlation between scaffolds architecture and material composition and scaffolds performance. Reinforced scaffolds showed improved mechanical properties. Best mechanical properties were obtained with PCL/TCP bone bricks and topologies based on 38 double zig zag filaments and 14 spirals.
Preliminary studies on the suitability of PETG for 4D printing applications
Authors: Hassan Mohamed H. , Omar Abdalla M. , Daskalakis Evangelos , Liu Fengyuan , Bartolo Paulo
Published: August 2020

Shape memory polymers represent a class of polymers that can recover its original shape under stimulus. This paper presents the preliminary results of a broader research programme that investigates the potential use of polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), a glycol modified version of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), for the fabrication of smart bone tissue engineering scaffolds. PETG. A full characterization analysis is carried out, including chemical analysis, mechanical analysis and shape recovery characteristics. Chemical analysis show the presence of terephthalic acid (TPA), ethylene glycol (EG) and cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) in the polymer structure. Mechanical analysis, considering a quasistatic tensile test, shows that PETG presents better than PET. Shape recovery is assessed using a cyclic thermomechanical experiment where stress and temperature are controlled during the programming and recovery phases and demonstrates that PETG is able to change and recover its initial shape.
Experimental Researches to Establish the Optimum Hardbanding Technology and Materials of the Heavy Weight Drill Pipe
Authors: Caltaru Mihaela Madalina , Ripeanu Razvan George , Badicioiu Marius , Zisopol Dragos Gabriel
Published: August 2020

The heavy weight drill pipe, one of the most expensive components of the drill string, is exposed, beside fatigue and corrosion, to an intensive wear process as a result of the friction with the inner wall of the casing or the borehole wall, that lead to a drastically decrease of it durability. In order to improve the durability, the worldwide specialists apply the hardbanding technology to increase the heavy weight drill pipe wear resistance. The major problem raised by the hardbanding process is the selection of the most suitable wear resistant alloy and the optimum hardbanding technology. The present research work investigate the possibility of hardbanding the heavy weight drill pipes by using the gas metal arc welding process, taking into considerations three different wear resistant materials with the trade name ARNCO 100XT, ARNCO 300XT and FLUXOFIL M58.
Green Face of Packaging – Sustainability Issues of the Cosmetic Industry Packaging
Authors: Drobac Jelena , Alivojvodic Vesna , Maksic Predrag , Stamenovic Marina
Published: August 2020

Packaging is a steadily growing industry that faces many challenges as well. Ever growing consumer expectations, though competition, technological advances don’t come even close to the huge issue of sustainability within the industry. Packaging for the beauty industry is dependable on the looks more than any other with massive changes in the recent years since extensive grooming became a part both genders lifestyle today and spreading those standards across the globe. The global cosmetic packaging market was valued at USD 25.9 billion in 2018 and is expected grow 4.8% in the next 5 years flying high on the innovative package designs, increasing demand for cosmetics focused on the middle class and youth as well as e-commerce. The first stepping stone is that more than half of the materials used for the massive cosmetic industry packaging are plastics. Finding alternatives and making a shift to a greener and circular way will be a challenge in the years to come.
A CPS platform oriented for Quality Assessment in welding
Authors: Stavropoulos Panagiotis , Papacharalampopoulos Alexios , Sampatakakis Kyriakos
Published: August 2020

The major advantages of spot and seam welding are high speed and adaptability primarily for high-volume and/or high-rate manufacturing. However, this paradigm fails to meet the principles laid down by Industry 4.0 for real-time control towards Zero Defect Manufacturing for each individual product and intuitive technical assistance on the process parameters. In this paper, a Robust Software Platform oriented for a CPS-based Quality Assessment system for Welding is presented based on data derived from IR cameras. Imaging data are pre – processed in real-time and streamed into a module which utilizes Machine Learning algorithms to perform quality assessment. A database enables data archiving and post processing tasks along with an intuitive User Interface which provide visualization capabilities and Decision Support on the welding process parameters. The modules’ IoT-based communication is performed with 5C architecture and is in line with Web Services.
Experimental Analysis and Soft Computing Modeling of Abrasive Waterjet Milling of Steel Workpieces
Authors: Karmiris-Obratański Panagiotis , Karkalos Nikolaos E. , Tzotzis Anastasios , Kyratsis Panagiotis , Markopoulos Angelos P.
Published: August 2020

Conventional machining processes such as turning, milling and drilling have long been prominent in the metalworking industry but alternative processes which do not require the use of a cutting tool in order to conduct material removal have also been proven to be sufficiently capable of achieving high efficiency in various cases. In particular, Abrasive Waterjet (AWJ) machining can be regarded as a rather appropriate choice for cutting operations, taking into consideration that it involves no heat affected zones, is able to process all material types and create a variety of complex features with success. In the present work, a comprehensive study on the effect of four process parameters, namely jet traverse speed, stand-off distance, abrasive mass flow rate and jet pressure on the width and depth of machined slots on a steel workpiece is conducted. The results are first analyzed with statistical methods in order to determine the effect and the relative importance of each parameter on the produced width and depth of the slots. Finally, these results are used to develop soft computing predictive models based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), which can efficiently relate the process parameters with its outcome.
Safety Management of Hazardous Materials - Orphan Radioactive Sources: Contribution of STRASS Project
Authors: Xanthos Stelios , Clouvas Alexandros , Leontaris Fokion , Liampas Nikolaos
Published: August 2020

STRASS project is an INTERREG project, collaboration between Greece and North Macedonia that includes the following aims a) Discovery and identification of radioactive materials (especially orphan radioactive sources and materials that are transferred mainly accidentally) during check in cross border area, b) Location of dangerous points of the roadway Thessaloniki-Skopje. c) Investigation of radiological risk after a traffic accident d) Establishment of common emergency response protocols for both countries. The project deals with circular economy and sustainability and its main challenge that is presented here is to minimize any risk of accident (traffic accident during transportation, dispersion, loss etc) and pollution when handling and transferring willfully or accidentally hazardous radioactive materials.
Code development for the implementation of the Part Conditional Scale Feature in 3D CAD software platforms
Authors: Vogiatzis Konstantinos , Skordaris Georgios
Published: August 2020

Most contemporary 3D CAD software has implemented the Scale feature as a plain multiplication or division of an object’s standard dimensions. A variety of options exists; sometimes the Scale process can be applied to an origin or a user-defined coordinate system, or it can be applied to one or two axes. No software so far has offered the option of setting the rules as to how the Scale feature can be applied to one or more components of an object. This article is about the development of a code that adds this functionality to a popular 3D CAD software. As a first step, the code is only applied to holes that lie on a planar face.
3D finite element analysis of Al7075-T6 drilling with coated solid tooling
Authors: Tzotzis Anastasios , Markopoulos Angelos , Karkalos Nikolaos , Kyratsis Panagiotis
Published: August 2020

Due to the fact that simulation of drilling was added in commercial finite element analysis (FEA) software only recently, 3D finite element modelling is an invaluable asset during related researches. The present study employs 3D FEA to model the drilling process of Al7075-T6 alloy with solid carbide tooling, investigates important phenomena that occur during drilling and finally compares the simulated results with experimental data. A number of simulations were performed with DEFORM3D™ software at different cutting conditions; cutting speed of 50m/min, 100m/min, 150m/min and feed of 0.15mm/rev, 0.20mm/rev, 0.25mm/rev. The proposed model takes into consideration certain aspects like damage initiation and evolution of the material, contact interface between the drill bit and the workpiece and standard boundary conditions. Eventually, the acquired numerical data for thrust force were compared to the experimental results for the same cutting conditions and parameters. To obtain the experimental data, a series of nine drilling tests were performed. Upon validation of the numerical data, the temperature distribution on the tool tip – workpiece interface, as well as the chip morphology (shape and curling radius) were determined. Results showed a good agreement between the numerical and the experimental data. Specifically, thrust force and chip morphology exhibited an agreement of about 95% and 90% respectively, which confirms the potential of 3D FEA implementation on machining investigations.
Design of 3D printed smart material compatible hand prosthesis
Authors: Omar Abdalla M. , Hassan Mohamed
Published: August 2020

Every year there are about 3500-5200 people suffering from upper limb amputations, most of which are wrist disarticulation and transcarpal. This paper investigates current upper limb prostheses and presents the disadvantages of current prostheses, including limited degrees of freedom (DOF), limited range of motion, weight, customizability, and appearance. The proposed design is the first stage of a series of papers that proposes designs that are compatible with shape morphing materials. The use of these materials as actuators allows the development and design of more advanced upper limb prostheses. Therefore, the prosthesis is modelled as needed for patients with transcarpal/wrist disarticulation amputations. The proposed model has 27 degrees of freedom (DOF), reduced weight, low cost, improved appearance, and is printable to fit.
Prediction of the main cutting force in longitudinal turning of AISI D6 tool steel bars by applying full and fractional experimental design
Authors: Aslani Kyriaki-E. , Kechagias John D. , Fountas Nikolaos A. , Vidakis Nektarios , Koutsomichalis Angelos , Manolakos Dimitrios E. , Vaxevanidis Nikolaos M.
Published: August 2020

This investigation concerns the cutting force magnitude during turning of AISI D6 tool steel using both Taguchi Experimental Design (TED) and full factorial design (FFD). Three main cutting parameters namely spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut were considered as the cutting parameters, each one having three levels, while the cutting force (Fc) was selected as the machinability process output. The full factorial design of the 27 (33) experiments was splitted in three sub-arrays, each one having 9 experiments. These three sub-arrays were orthogonal and were treated as Taguchi L9 orthogonal arrays. The performance of the FFD and each TED was analysed using stem-and-leaf plots, box plots, as well as analysis of means (ANOM) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results obtained indicate the suitability of all proposed experimental designs for machinability studies.
Effect of CeO2 addition in the slag on inclusions of FGH96 superalloy during electroslag remelting
Authors: Gao Xiaoyong , Zhang Lin , Qu Xuanhui , Luan Yifeng , Chen Xiaowei
Published: August 2020

The FGH96 superalloy was electroslag remelted by utilizing CeO2 containing slag. CeO2/Al2O3 ratio and atmosphere are found to be the main factors that control the oxide inclusion contents during electroslag remelting (ESR). The reaction between CeO2 in the molten slag and Al in the molten alloy leads to the increased dissolved Ce in the molten alloy, which is effective to remove oxide inclusions. Dissolved Ce reacts with MgO in the inclusions, leading to the transformation of Al2O3–MgO inclusion in the electrode to Al2O3–MgO–Ce2O3 and Al2O3–Ce2O3 inclusions in the ESR ingot. In case of low CeO2/Al2O3 ratio of 0.263, oxygen content decreases to as low as 8 ppm after ESR under vacuum, and the number density of oxide inclusion decreased by an order of magnitude in comparison to the electrode. In case of high CeO2/Al2O3 ratio of 5.0, oxygen content decreases further to 6 ppm no matter what the condition is.
Update Lebensstil – Was funktioniert in der Praxis?
Authors: Wienbergen Harm , Fach Andreas , Langer Harald , Hambrecht Rainer
Published: August 2020

Aktuelle Versorgungsstudien zeigen eine alarmierende Zunahme Lebensstil-assoziierter kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktoren, wie Adipositas und körperliche Inaktivität, in der Gesamtbevölkerung und bei Patienten mit Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen. Um dem entgegenzuwirken, ist es wichtig, Patienten nach Koronarereignissen langfristig zu Verhaltensänderungen zu motivieren. Eine kürzlich publizierte Studie zeigte, dass ein intensives Präventionsprogramm (IPP) für 12 Monate, das primär von nicht ärztlichen Präventionsassistenten durchgeführt wurde und auf engmaschigen Kontakten zu den Patienten beruhte, die kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren nachhaltig besser einstellen konnte. In der Gesamtbevölkerung ist eine Anleitung zu Lebensstilmodifikationen in verschiedenen Lebensphasen wichtig: beginnend im Kindes- und Jugendalter, über das Berufsleben, bis hin zum Rentenalter. Ein besonders hoher Bedarf besteht in Bevölkerungsschichten mit niedrigem sozioökonomischen Status. Durch präventive
Maßnahmen, wie Aufklärung zu mehr Bewegung, gesunder Ernährung und Nicht-Rauchen, kann hier ein großer Beitrag geleistet werden, die kardiovaskuläre Morbidität und Letalität zu senken.
Statement of the AGO and AG-CPC on the Aftercare/Follow-up for Surgical Procedures of the Lower Genital Tract after the Introduction of a New Cancer Screening Guideline
Authors: Hillemanns Peter , Tempfer Clemens , Beckmann Matthias W. , Küppers Volkmar , Quaas Jens
Published: August 2020

The new guideline on organized cancer screening programs has been in force in Germany since January 1st, 2020. The guideline has amended earlier recommendations on cytological examinations, which were previously carried out annually during screening. The guidelines-based recommendations on the appropriate follow-up for preinvasive and invasive lesions of the uterine cervix and endometrium are briefly outlined and differentiated from screening cytology and Pap/HPV co-testing as described in the guideline on organized cancer screening programs (oKFE-RL).
Extract of the Aerial Part of Polygala tenuifolia Attenuates d-Galactose/NaNO2-induced Learning and Memory Impairment in Mice
Authors: Zhang Dian , Wang Xiao , Li Rong , Wang Lin , Zhou Zihao , Fu Qi , Cao Yanjun , Fang Minfeng
Published: August 2020

Alzheimerʼs disease, one of the most common types of age-related dementia, is characterized by memory deterioration and behavior disorder. The aboveground part of Polygala tenuifolia is a traditional Chinese medicine used for the treatment of amnesia. This study was conducted to investigate the ameliorating effect of the aerial part of P. tenuifolia on d-galactose/NaNO2-induced learning and memory impairment in mice. d-galactose (120 mg/kg) and NaNO2 (90 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally for 60 days to induce learning and memory impairment in mice. The aerial part of P. tenuifolia (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) and piracetam (200 mg/kg) were simultaneously administered orally on days 15 – 60. Results of this study showed that aerial part of P. tenuifolia significantly decreased the latency time and increased the number of platform crossings in the Morris water maze compared with the Model group. Moreover,
the aerial part of P. tenuifolia significantly increased the latency time and decreased the error frequency in the step-down and step-through tests compared with the Model group. Meanwhile, the aerial part of P. tenuifolia was able to regulate the cholinergic system by increasing the levels of ACh and ChAT and decreasing the level of AChe. The aerial part of P. tenuifolia also significantly attenuated the levels of interleukin-1 beta and malonaldehyde and enhanced the interleukin-10 and glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase activity. Furthermore, treatment with aerial part of P. tenuifolia increased the protein and mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tropomyosin receptor kinase B in the hippocampus. These results suggest that the aerial part of P. tenuifolia can ameliorate learning and memory impairments by modulating cholinergic activity, inhibiting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, and regulating the
brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling pathway.
Antegrade Double-J Stenting in Grossly Dilated and Tortuous Ureters
Authors: Shreshta Manish Kiran , Narkhede Amey , Gupta Arun
Published: August 2020

Failure of retrograde approach for ureteric stenting warrants percutaneous nephrostomy with antergrade stenting to relieve the pressure symptoms and prevent the need for external drainage. However, in some tight ureteric strictures with grossly dilated tortuous ureter it may not be possible to navigate a ureteric stent across. In such instances pull through or rendezvous techniques have been advocated. Here, we have illustrated simple and novel techniques for traversing tortuous ureters with tight strictures. In one instance, a guide wire was snared via the perurethral approach and the system stabilized from both ends; the flexometallic sheath was then advanced into the urinary bladder across the stricture and a ureteric stent was deployed. In the other situation where the ureter was very tortuous, plain twisting and turning maneuver with retraction of whole assembly was done to straighten the ureter followed by advancement of the flexometallic sheath and stationing of the ureteric stent. In both the cases no significant procedure-related complications were seen and patients were discharged in stable condition. Our experience has led us to believe that occasionally all facilities may not be accessible immediately or the desired armamentarium may be unavailable for interventional radiologists, especially when the patient is on the table; in such cases, simple improvisation and techniques can come in handy to place a ureteric stent across a dilated tortuous ureter.
Transitional Cell Carcinoma and Pseudocirrhosis— A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Borisovsky Gilad , Goldstein Daniel A. , Eliakim-Raz Noa , Tamir Shlomit R.
Published: August 2020

Pseudocirrhosis is the occurrence of capsular retraction in patients with metastatic liver disease, usually of breast origin. It usually appears in these patients following chemotherapy and may result from shrinkage of the tumor, with scarring and nodular regeneration. In this article, we describe the first case of pseudocirrhosis, following treatment of transitional cell carcinoma metastatic to the liver. Portal vein thrombosis, a rare complication in pseudocirrhosis, was also detected in this patient.
Mirabegron Role in Urolithiasis Management: What you should Know
Authors: Rodríguez Eduar S. , Naranjo David
Published: August 2020

The purpose of the present study was to develop a narrative review of the available evidence of mirabegron efficacy in three scenarios: as a medical expulsive therapy; as a medical treatment to increase a successful access to stones before ureteroscopy, and management of double-J stent-related symptoms. Only two original studies have evaluated its use as a medical expulsive therapy, with contradictory results in terms of stone expulsion rate; however, both demonstrated a better pain control in the mirabegron group. One randomized controlled trial (RCT) found a higher successful access to ureteral stones when mirabegron was administered 1 week before the ureteroscopy. And two RCTs demonstrated its efficacy in diminishing discomfort related with double-J stent. There is a promising role for the use of mirabegron in the arsenal of urolithiasis treatment, even as a medical expulsive therapy, before ureteroscopy surgery, to increase the successful access to the stones and after the placement of ureteral catheter to reduce the related symptoms. However, larger-scaled prospective double-blinded RCTs are needed before it can be used with these purposes in the clinical scenario.
Redistributive Politics in Russia: The Political Economy of Agricultural Subsidies
Authors: Kvartiuk Vasyl , Herzfeld Thomas
Published: August 2020

This paper explores whether redistributive politics can explain differences in agricultural subsidies in Russia, a country whose autocratic regime represents a fertile ground for strategic redistribution. Relying on political economy literature, we examine the strategies regional and federal Russian politicians utilize to allocate and distribute agricultural subsidies. Using unique 2008–2015 panel data, we test whether politicians target loyal or easily swayed voters and whether they use large farms as vote brokers. We find federal and regional politicians to allocate more agricultural subsidies when political competition against the dominant party is higher. Moreover, they appear to also target large farms for voter mobilization.
How dogs become accurate instruments: care, attunement, and reflexivity
Authors: Mialet Hélène
Published: August 2020

Those who live with Type 1 Diabetes have lost the possibility of producing insulin; they are dependent on non-living and living prostheses—machines, human beings and animals—that constantly read, measure, translate and interpret the fluctuations of their blood sugar to avoid hypoglycemia, which can be lethal, or hyperglycemia, which can lead to long-term complications. This philosophical essay, based on interviews and observations in a training facility, follows how dogs become “biocompatible patient friendly alarm systems” for hypoglycemia. It also explores how different modes of translation operate in the creation of a symbiosis between a human and an animal and how, along with them, a new conception of responsibility, accuracy, and of the subject emerge.
High-temperature furnace and cell holder developed for molten salt characterizations
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: August 2020

The devices allow for investigation of molten salt characteristics under extreme temperature and radiation conditions, contributing to the development of molten salt nuclear power reactors.
China–Japan–Korea free trade agreement and legal issues regarding the construction of the Northeast Asia energy interconnection
Authors: Chang Yen-Chiang , Zhai Tiantian , Li Shuo
Published: August 2020

The China–Japan–Korea Free Trade Area and the Northeast Asia energy interconnection have great potential for further development but have some common obstacles. The negotiations for the China–Japan–Korea Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and the construction of the Northeast Asia energy interconnection can complement each other: the former provides a legal framework for the latter and the latter facilitates the former. This paper analyses the legal issues in constructing the Northeast Asia energy interconnection, in the context of the China–Japan–Korea FTA negotiations, and then proposes that based on the characteristics of energy, the legal issues can be resolved by referring to the existing provisions of international law and relevant rules, within the China–Japan–Korea FTA.
Elastocaloric switching effect induced by reentrant martensitic transformation
Authors: Odaira Takumi , Xu Sheng , Xu Xiao , Omori Toshihiro , Kainuma Ryosuke
Published: August 2020

Vapor compression technologies widely used for refrigeration, heating, and air-conditioning have consumed a large fraction of global energy. Efforts have been made to improve the efficiency to save the energy, and to search for new refrigerants to take the place of the ones with high global warming potentials. The solid-state refrigeration using caloric materials are regarded as high-efficiency and environmentally friendly technologies. Among them, the elastocaloric refrigeration using shape memory alloys has been evaluated as the most promising one due to its low device cost and less of a demand for an ambient environment. General caloric materials heat up and cool down when external fields are applied and removed adiabatically (conventional caloric effect), while a few materials show opposite temperature changes (inverse caloric effect). Previously reported shape memory alloys have been found to show either a conventional or an inverse elastocaloric effect by the latent heat during uniaxial-stress-induced martensitic transformation. In this paper, we report a self-regulating functional material whose behavior exhibits an elastocaloric switching effect in Co-Cr-Al-Si Heusler-type shape memory alloys. For a fixed alloy composition, these alloys can change from conventional to inverse elastocaloric effects because of the change in ambient temperature. This unique behavior is caused by the sign reversal of latent heat from conventional to the re-entrant martensitic transformation. The realization of the elastocaloric switching effect can open new possibilities of system design for solid-state refrigeration and temperature sensors.
Bandwidth enhancement in an InGaN/GaN three-section superluminescent diode for optical coherence tomography
Authors: Goldberg Graham R. , Kim Dae-Hyun , Taylor Richard J. E. , Childs David T. D. , Ivanov Pavlo , Ozaki Nobuhiko , Kennedy Kenneth L. , Groom Kristian M. , Harada Yukihiro , Hogg Richard A.
Published: August 2020

In this paper, the optoelectronic properties of InGaN-based blue (430 nm) superluminescent light-emitting diodes with a multi-section, three contact design are reported. The bias conditions of the rear absorber section and gain sections are explored in terms of enhancing and maximizing spectral bandwidth. We demonstrate that broader emission can be obtained with a short circuit, rather than an open circuit absorber section, and with two active regions at different current densities as opposed to a single active contact. Under optimal drive conditions, a −3 dB linewidth of 20 nm is obtained at 430 nm. Analysis of the device emission spectrum indicates that an axial resolution of ∼3.4 μm may be obtained in an optical coherence tomography system.
Magnetic domain wall curvature induced by wire edge pinning
Authors: Herrera Diez L. , Ummelen F. , Jeudy V. , Durin G. , Lopez-Diaz L. , Diaz-Pardo R. , Casiraghi A. , Agnus G. , Bouville D. , Langer J. , Ocker B. , Lavrijsen R. , Swagten H. J. M. , Ravelosona D.
Published: August 2020

In this study, we report on the analysis of the magnetic domain wall (DW) curvature due to magnetic field induced motion in Ta/CoFeB/MgO and Pt/Co/Pt wires with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. In wires of 20 μm and 25 μm, a large edge pinning potential produces the anchoring of the DW ends to the wire edges, which is evidenced as a significant curvature of the DW front as it propagates. As the driving magnetic field is increased, the curvature reduces as a result of the system moving away from the creep regime of DW motion, which implies a weaker dependence of the DW dynamics on the interaction between the DW and the wire edge defects. A simple model is derived to describe the dependence of the DW curvature on the driving magnetic field and allows us to extract the parameter σE, which accounts for the strength of the edge pinning potential. The model describes well the systems with both weak and strong bulk pinning potentials like Ta/CoFeB/MgO and Pt/Co/Pt, respectively. This provides a means to quantify the effect of edge pinning induced DW curvature on magnetic DW dynamics.
External quantum efficiency determined by combined thermal lens and photoluminescence spectroscopy techniques: Application to Ce3+:YAG
Authors: Silva J. R. , Andrade L. H. C. , Lima S. M. , Guyot Y. , Giannini N. , Sheik-Bahae M.
Published: August 2020

In this work, thermal lens spectroscopy was performed simultaneously with photoluminescence experiments for determining the absolute external quantum efficiency (EQE) of luminescent materials. The procedure involved measurements of nonradiative (heat) and radiative (photon) emission rates after excitation of the material with a tunable laser. The main advantage of this combined methodology was that the amount of light absorbed by the sample was not required for EQE determination, which minimized the experimental error. In order to validate the methodology, the well-known Ce3+:YAG crystal was used for EQE determination, with the value obtained being in agreement with previous experiments. This shows that the method is a promising tool for accurate measurements of the EQE for materials with a single excited emission state.
Color-tunable <10
μ
m square InGaN micro-LEDs on compliant GaN-on-porous-GaN pseudo-substrates
Authors: Pasayat Shubhra S. , Ley Ryan , Gupta Chirag , Wong Matthew S. , Lynsky Cheyenne , Wang Yifan , Gordon Michael J. , Nakamura Shuji , Denbaars Steven P. , Keller Stacia , Mishra Umesh K.
Published: August 2020

In this study, two methods to tune the emission wavelength of micro-LEDs fabricated on tile patterned compliant GaN-on-porous-GaN pseudo-substrates (PSs) are presented. The mechanical flexibility of porous GaN was utilized to relax the strain induced during the growth of light-emitting diode (LED) structures with n- and p-InGaN layers and enhance the indium incorporation via the composition pulling effect. The first approach involved only varying the size of the PS square tiles used for LED structure regrowth, from 20 × 20 μm2 to 8 × 8 μm2. Higher n-InGaN base layer relaxation with decreasing tile size resulted in a red shift of emission from 525 nm to 561 nm with no change in the growth conditions. The second method involved changing the mole fraction, x, of the n-InxGa1−xN base layer of the LED structure from 0.04 to 0.09 by reducing growth temperature, while maintaining the high temperature growth conditions of the multi-quantum well (MQW) and p-InGaN targeting 530 nm emission. The resulting wavelength shift was a remarkable 536–616 nm due to the stronger composition pulling effect, providing a pathway to enable high indium content MQW active regions to be grown at high temperature.
Mid-infrared photoconductivity spectra of single tellurium nanowires
Authors: Li Pengke
Published: August 2020

Due to its low bandgap and high optical efficiency, tellurium is considered an important material candidate for mid-infrared applications. Taking advantage of its structural anisotropy, we fabricated tellurium nanowire devices and investigated the radiative interaction of charge carriers by the polarization-resolved photoconductivity spectra under mid-infrared illumination. The intensity of the photoresponse shows sensitive dependence on temperature governed by different recombination mechanisms and could be significantly boosted by a positive voltage bias from the back gate.
Influence of implanted Mg concentration on defects and Mg distribution in GaN
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Yi Wei , Uzuhashi Jun , Ohkubo Tadakatsu , Chen Jun , Sekiguchi Takashi , Tanaka Ryo , Takashima Shinya , Edo Masaharu , Hono Kazuhiro
Published: August 2020

Efficient acceptor activation in gallium nitride (GaN) achieved through Mg ion-implantation depends mainly on the concentration of implanted Mg ions and the post-implantation annealing process. In this study, we conducted correlative scanning transmission electron microscopy, atom probe tomography, and cathodoluminescence (CL) measurements on Mg-implanted GaN layers with the implanted concentration ranging from 1 × 1017 cm−3 to 1 × 1019 cm−3. It was found that at the implanted concentration of ∼1 × 1018 cm−3, Mg atoms were randomly distributed with defects likely to be vacancy clusters whereas at the implanted concentration of ∼1 × 1019 cm−3, Mg-enriched clusters and dislocation loops were formed. From the CL measurements, the donor–acceptor pair (DAP) emissions from the implanted and un-implanted regions are obtained and then compared to analyze Mg activation in these regions. In the sample with Mg ∼1 × 1019 cm−3, the existence of Mg-enriched clusters and dislocations in the implanted region leads to a weaker DAP emission, whereas the absence of Mg-enriched clusters and dislocations in the sample with Mg ∼1 × 1018 cm−3 resulted in a relatively stronger DAP emission.
High-accuracy compensation of radiative heat loss in Thomson coefficient measurement
Authors: Amagai Y. , Shimazaki T. , Okawa K. , Kawae T. , Fujiki H. , Kaneko N.-H.
Published: August 2020

We report a simple and accurate method to address the inevitable radiative heat loss in the Thomson coefficient measurement. The additional steps required are the measurement of the Joule heat arising from the ac current, measurement of the electrical resistance of the sample, and calculation of the ratio of the two measurement signals arising from the Joule and Thomson effects. The underlying concept is that most of the radiative heat loss that occurs during the measurement of Joule and Thomson heats can be compensated for by calculating the ratio of the two signals. This is because the heat loss during the Joule heat measurement will be highly similar to that during the Thomson heat measurement. Heat transfer analysis indicates that radiative heat loss is reduced by at least a factor of six. Once the Thomson coefficient is measured, accurate Seebeck and Peltier coefficients can be obtained in a single run. This approach was demonstrated by performing measurements on fine platinum wires in the temperature range of 80 K–300 K. The difference between the compensated and uncompensated curves became significant as the temperature increased; moreover, this difference was proportional to the cube of the temperature for a long fine-wire sample, where there is substantial radiative heat loss. Thus, the proposed approach is completely different from a conventional one, wherein the measurement accuracy degrades owing to inevitable radiative heat loss without prior knowledge of the thermal conductivity and emissivity of the sample.
Extended combination rule for like-atom dipole dispersion coefficients
Authors: Visentin Giorgio , Kalinina Inna S. , Buchachenko Alexei A.
Published: August 2020

An extended combination rule is proposed to relate the dipole–dipole dispersion coefficient for the interaction of the like target species to the same coefficients for the interactions between the target and a set of partner species. The rule can be derived either by uniform discretization of the Casimir–Polder integral on a quadrature or by relating the dynamic dipole polarizabilities of the target species and the partner species. Both methods result in the same system of linear equations, whose solution also requires the knowledge of the dispersion coefficients for interaction between the partner species. The test examples indicate a high accuracy of the proposed rule for dispersion coefficients (better than 1% in the stringent test for the Yb atom interacting with a rare gas and alkaline-earth metal atoms). However, the combination rule does not warrant correct approximation of the dynamic polarizability of the target species.
Resolving the taxonomic identities and genetic structure of two cryptic Platynereis Kinberg species from South Africa
Authors: Kara Jyothi , Santos Cinthya S. G. , Macdonald Angus H. H. , Simon Carol A.
Published: August 2020

The perceived cosmopolitanism of polychaete worms could be an artefact of historical factors such as poor original species descriptions, lack of type material and the European taxonomic bias, to name a few. Thus, it is possible that several cosmopolitan species hide complexes of cryptic and pseudocryptic species. Two putative cosmopolitan species, Platynereis dumerilii and Platynereis australis, collected in South Africa were investigated here (1) to determine whether the South African taxa are conspecific with the morphologically identical taxa from France and New Zealand (the respective type localities of P. dumerilii and P. australis), (2) to compare the South African species morphometrically to determine whether their morphological characters are reliable enough to separate them, and (3) to investigate whether these species have geographically structured populations along the coast of South Africa. Molecular data (COI and ITS1) confirm that P. dumerilii and P. australis do not occur in South Africa. Instead, the South African taxon formerly thought to be Platynereis dumerilii is new and is described here as Platynereis entshonae, sp. nov.; the identity of the other South African species is currently unresolved and is treated here as Platynereis sp. Surprisingly, Platynereis massiliensis (type locality: Marseilles) nested within the South African Platynereissp. clade but, since it is part of a cryptic species complex in the Mediterranean, the name is considered doubtful. Morphological characters traditionally used to define these South African Platynereis species are not reliable as predefined morphological groupings do not match phylogenetic clades and principal component scores revealed no separation in morphological characters that could distinguish between them. Haplotype networks and phylogenetic trees revealed that P. entshonae, sp. nov. and Platynereis sp. have geographically structured populations along the South African coast. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6E36A210-9E48-430F-8A93-EDC27F0C5631
Small-mammal assemblages in piggeries in a developing country: relationships with management practices and habitat complexity
Authors: Montes de Oca Daniela Paula , Neyen Lammel Martín , Cavia Regino
Published: August 2020

Abstract
ContextPig production is increasing in developing countries and is increasing the coexistence of different production systems regarding management practices. Small mammals can cause major economic and sanitary problems on pig farms. The interactions among small mammals, production practices and habitat complexity have been sparsely studied.
AimsThe aim was to compare small-mammal assemblages on extensive and intensive pig-production systems, and to analyse the relationship with environmental characteristics and management practices.
MethodsSeasonal live-trapping of small mammals within 18 farms (under intensive or extensive management) was performed in central Argentina, simultaneously with a survey of environmental and management practices. Multiple regression analyses were performed to assess the relation between infestation levels and environmental characteristics.
Key results In total, 472 small mammals were captured, including the exotic murids Rattus norvegicus, R. rattus and Mus musculus, three native sigmodontines, namely, Akodon azarae, Oligoryzomys flavescens and Oxymycterus rufus, and two native marsupials, namely, Didelphis albiventris and Lutreolina crassicaudata. The location of waste deposits, the density of cats, the frequency of rodent control and the way pig food was stored influenced wild small-mammal abundance; exotic rodent species were lower when the density of cats increased. Rattus norvegicus was more abundant where rodent control was not frequent or null, contrary to M. musculus. Both species were more abundant in food and pig sheds, whereas native species were associated with vegetated areas outside of sheds. Also, A. azarae was associated with the density of pigs. Didelphis albiventris was more abundant on extensive farms, whereas L. crassicaudata was captured on intensive farms.
Conclusions Small-mammal abundance did not respond to the type of production system per se, but exotic species abundance was influenced by management decisions. The most important human behaviours related to exotic rodent infestation were the possession of cats, the frequency of rodent control and the way waste and pig feed were managed.
Implications Our findings highlighted the need for integrated studies on factors influencing the dynamics of rodent populations in commercial piggery systems, for the development of effective pest management. Management recommendations need to assess environmental complexity and human behaviour as important moderators of the population dynamics of small mammal species in and around piggeries.