bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic and structural changes of the human fetal brain
Authors: Lu Yuan-Chiao , Andescavage Nickie , Wu Yao , Kapse Kushal , Andersen Nicole R. , Quistorff Jessica , Saeed Haleema , Lopez Catherine , Henderson Diedtra , Barnett Scott D. , Vezina Gilbert , Wessel David , du Plessis Adre , Limperopoulos Catherine
Published: May 2022

Background

Elevated maternal psychological distress during pregnancy is linked to adverse outcomes in offspring. The potential effects of intensified levels of maternal distress during the COVID-19 pandemic on the developing fetal brain are currently unknown.

Methods

We prospectively enrolled 202 pregnant women: 65 without known COVID-19 exposures during the pandemic who underwent 92 fetal MRI scans, and 137 pre-pandemic controls who had 182 MRI scans. Multi-plane, multi-phase single shot fast spin echo T2-weighted images were acquired on a GE 1.5 T MRI Scanner. Volumes of six brain tissue types were calculated. Cortical folding measures, including brain surface area, local gyrification index, and sulcal depth were determined. At each MRI scan, maternal distress was assessed using validated stress, anxiety, and depression scales. Generalized estimating equations were utilized to compare maternal distress measures, brain volume and cortical folding differences between pandemic and pre-pandemic cohorts.

Results

Stress and depression scores are significantly higher in the pandemic cohort, compared to the pre-pandemic cohort. Fetal white matter, hippocampal, and cerebellar volumes are decreased in the pandemic cohort. Cortical surface area and local gyrification index are also decreased in all four lobes, while sulcal depth is lower in the frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes in the pandemic cohort, indicating delayed brain gyrification.

Conclusions

We report impaired fetal brain growth and delayed cerebral cortical gyrification in COVID-19 pandemic era pregnancies, in the setting of heightened maternal psychological distress. The potential long-term neurodevelopmental consequences of altered fetal brain development in COVID-era pregnancies merit further study.
Dynamic spectrum sharing between active and passive users above 100 GHz
Authors: Polese Michele , Ariyarathna Viduneth , Sen Priyangshu , Siles Jose V. , Restuccia Francesco , Melodia Tommaso , Jornet Josep M.
Published: May 2022

Sixth-generation wireless networks will aggregate higher-than-ever mobile traffic into ultra-high capacity backhaul links, which could be deployed on the largely untapped spectrum above 100 GHz. Current regulations however prevent the allocation of large contiguous bands for communications at these frequencies, since several narrow bands are reserved to protect passive sensing services. These include radio astronomy and Earth exploration satellites using sensors that suffer from harmful interference from active transmitters. Here we show that active and passive spectrum sharing above 100 GHz is feasible by introducing and experimentally evaluating a real-time, dual-band backhaul prototype that tracks the presence of passive users (in this case the NASA satellite Aura) and avoids interference by automatically switching bands (123.5–140 GHz and 210–225 GHz). Our system enables wide-band transmissions in the above-100-GHz spectrum, while avoiding harmful interference to satellite systems, paving the way for innovative spectrum policy and technologies in these crucial bands.
Alpha-calcium sulfate hemihydrate used as a water-soluble template for the synthesis of ZnO hollow microspheres
Authors: Li Jie , Wu Luchao , Jia Caiyun , Chen Qiaoshan , Song Zirong , Guan Baohong
Published: May 2022

This work develops α-HH microspheres into a water-soluble template for the green synthesis of hollow-architecture catalysts.
Field-induced slow magnetic relaxation behaviours in binuclear cobalt(ii) metallocycles and exchange-coupled clusters
Authors: Shao Dong , Moorthy Shruti , Zhou Yue , Wu Si-Tong , Zhu Jing-Yan , Yang Jiong , Wu Dong-Qing , Tian Zhengfang , Singh Saurabh Kumar
Published: May 2022

Two dicobalt(ii) complexes with non-coupled metallocycle and exchange-coupled magnetic structures constructed by a mononuclear cobalt(ii) complex and selective organic linkers were synthesized and characterized.
A multifunctional nanoplatform delivering carbon monoxide and a cysteine protease inhibitor to mitochondria under NIR light shows enhanced synergistic anticancer efficacy
Authors: Tang Qi , Liu Jing , Wang Cheng-Bin , An Lu , Zhang Hai-Lin , Wang Yi , Ren Bing , Yang Shi-Ping , Liu Jin-Gang
Published: May 2022

A fluorescent nanoplatform covalently functionalized with a Mn–CO donor and a Ru(ii)-caged cysteine protease inhibitor delivers CO and the enzyme inhibitor to mitochondria upon NIR light irradiation, showing enhanced synergistic anticancer efficacy.
Highly diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of multisubstituted allylic amino acid derivatives by allylic alkylation of a chiral glycine-based nickel complex and vinylethylene carbonates
Authors: Yu Chao , Yu Yuyan , Sun Longwu , Li Xinzhi , Liu Zhigang , Ke Miaolin , Chen Fener
Published: May 2022

We report a palladium catalyzed allylic alkylation of a chiral glycine-based nickel complex with vinylethylene carbonates under mild conditions.
A peptide-derived strategy for specifically targeting the mitochondria and ER of cancer cells: a new approach in fighting cancer
Authors: Sohn Yang Sung , losub-Amir Anat , Cardenas Alfredo E. , Karmi Ola , Yahana Merav Darash , Gruman Tal , Rowland Linda , Marjault Henri-Baptiste , Webb Lauren J. , Mittler Ron , Elber Ron , Friedler Assaf , Nechushtai Rachel
Published: May 2022

An effective anti-cancer therapy should exclusively target cancer cells and trigger in them a broad spectrum of cell death pathways that will prevent avoidance.
Complete stress release in monolayer ALD-Al2O3 films based on mechanical equilibrium homeostasis to realize a bending radius of 1 mm
Authors: Li Ze , Wang Zhenyu , Chen Ziqiang , Feng Jing , Wang Jintao , Fan Siyu , Sun Hongbo , Duan Yu
Published: May 2022

Encapsulated Al2O3 thin films prepared by atomic layer deposition have excessive stress, which is simply released by the pre-bending and heat treatment method and a flexible OLED with a radius of 1 mm is successfully prepared for the first time.
Low‐complexity linear massive MIMO detection based on the improved BFGS method
Authors: Li Lin , Hu Jianhao
Published: May 2022

Linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) detection achieves a good trade‐off between performance and complexity for massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) systems. To avoid the high‐dimensional matrix inversion involved, MMSE detection can be transformed into an unconstrained optimization problem and then solved by efficient numerical algorithms in an iterative way. Three low‐complexity Broyden‐Fletcher‐Goldfarb‐Shanno (BFGS) quasi‐Newton methods are proposed to iteratively realize massive MIMO MMSE detection without matrix inversion. The complexity can be reduced from to , where K and L denote the number of users and iterations, respectively. Leveraging the special properties of massive MIMO, the authors first explore a simplified BFGS method (named S‐BFGS) to alleviate the computational burden in the search direction. For lower complexity, BFGS method with the unit step size (named U‐BFGS) is presented subsequently. When the base station (BS)‐to‐user‐antenna ratio (BUAR) is large enough, the two proposed BFGS methods can be integrated (named U‐S‐BFGS) to further reduce complexity. In addition, an efficient initialization strategy is devised to accelerate convergence. Simulation results verify that the proposed detection scheme can achieve near‐MMSE performance with a small number of iterations L as low as 2 or 3.
Évolution en 2021 de l’enseignement de l’éducation thérapeutique du patient en formation initiale et place de la simulation dans cet enseignement : une enquête auprès de 92 instituts de formation en soins infirmiers français
Authors: Laurendeau Corinne , Marchand Claire , Gagnayre Rémi
Published: May 2022

Objectifs : Les objectifs de cette étude étaient de préciser l’évolution de l’enseignement de l’éducation thérapeutique des patients (ETP) depuis la dernière enquête de 2016 et de décrire la place de la simulation en santé dans cet enseignement dans les IFSI de France. Méthode : Une enquête nationale, par questionnaire, auprès des 331 IFSI de la France métropolitaine et Outre-mer a été réalisée. Le questionnaire de type descriptif a été conçu à partir d’une étude réalisée en 2016 portant sur le même objectif et complété au regard des objectifs de la présente étude. Trente-huit questions fermées et ouvertes abordaient l’enseignement de l’ETP et l’utilisation de la simulation dans cet enseignement. Résultats : Quatre-vingt-douze IFSI (28 %) ont participé à cette étude. L’enseignement en ETP a peu évolué au regard des résultats de 2016 mais les formateurs ont continué à se former. La pratique en stage reste insuffisante. Quarante et un IFSI (45 %) utilisaient la simulation dans les enseignements de l’ETP principalement des jeux de rôle et l’intervention des patients standardisés. Les séances de simulation permettaient selon les répondants de faire travailler les étudiants sur leur pratique réflexive et leur posture de soignant éducateur. Des freins au développement de la simulation étaient exprimés, en particulier le manque de temps. Discussion : Bien que l’enseignement de l’ETP ait peu évolué depuis 2016, l’étude montre que la simulation est de plus en plus utilisée pour former les étudiants en soins infirmiers. Si la simulation remplace en partie le manque de pratique en stage, elle doit être réfléchie pour permettre aux étudiants de travailler le transfert de leurs apprentissages à différentes éducations et au service sanitaire.
Akkommodation
Authors: Steffen Heimo
Published: May 2022

Akkommodation ist die natürliche Zu- oder Abnahme der Refraktion des Auges bei Änderung des Beobachtungsabstands. Sie beruht auf der Verformbarkeit der natürlichen Augenlinse. Durch
Untersuchung der Akkommodation und der an sie gekoppelten Konvergenz lassen sich definierte Krankheitsbilder diagnostizieren und von neuroophthalmologischen Erkrankungen abgrenzen.
Überflüssige diagnostische Maßnahmen werden so vermieden, Patientenängste reduziert.
Begriffe aus der Homöopathie für Sie erklärt
Authors: Welsch Katja
Published: May 2022

Als Repertorisation bezeichnet man eine Zusammenstellung aller Symptome des Patienten. Ein Konstitutionsmittel ist eine Arznei, die in der Gesamtheit der ihr entsprechenden Symptome dem chronischen Zustand eines Patienten entspricht.
Topografische Anatomie
Authors: Corts Magga
Published: May 2022

Die Kenntnis über die Lage der Organe und Strukturen bezeichnet man als topografische Anatomie. Die Palpation und die Perkussion helfen dabei, diese topografische Lage eines Organs zu ermitteln. Die Oberbauchorgane Leber, Gallenblase und retroperitoneal die Nieren werden im unterschiedlichen Ausmaß zudem von der Zwerchfellbewegung bei der Ein- und Ausatmung beeinflusst.
Was wissen Sie über … Untersuchung?
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: May 2022

In dieser Ausgabe beschäftigen sich alle Wissensquiz-Fragen mit der Untersuchung.
Bohne der Götter
Authors: Stern Cornelia
Published: May 2022

Die getrockneten Samen der Kalabarbohne sind Gift und Antidot zugleich. In der Homöopathie können sie entsprechend homöopathisch aufbereitet bei Augenerkrankungen hilfreich sein.
Sepia aus synergistischer Perspektive
Authors: Peinbauer Thomas
Published: May 2022

Im vorliegenden Artikel wird anhand einer Krankengeschichte die Verordnung von
Sepia officinalis mittels des neuen Analysekonzepts „Synergy“
des indischen Homöopathen Rajan Sankaran näher beleuchtet.
Nahinfrarot-Autofluoreszenz: klinische Anwendung und diagnostische Relevanz
Authors: Kellner Simone , Weinitz Silke , Farmand Ghazaleh , Kellner Ulrich
Published: May 2022

Die Nahinfrarot-Autofluoreszenz (NIA) ist ein nicht-invasives Verfahren zur Untersuchung des retinalen Pigmentepithels (RPE) basierend auf der Darstellung des antioxidativen Schutzfaktors
Melanin in den RPE-Zellen. Die NIA verbessert die Früherkennung chorioretinaler Erkrankungen, da bei vielen dieser Erkrankungen mit der NIA Strukturveränderungen des RPE nachweisbar sind,
bevor sich in anderen Untersuchungen Krankheitszeichen erkennen lassen.
Zwischen Rückschritt und Innovation
Authors: Rosenthal-Schleicher Katja
Published: May 2022

Ist sie ein Heilsbringer oder gar als Rückschritt zu sehen? Über die PPR 2.0 wird viel diskutiert, sie ist trotz Aussage im Koalitionsvertrag bis heute noch nicht als Interimsinstrument eingeführt. Wir prüfen, warum die PPR 2.0 so kontrovers gesehen wird.
Wie ein Cockpit
Authors: Lazovic Darije
Published: May 2022

Das „Pflegemanagement-Dashboard“ am Deutschen Herzzentrum Berlin erfasst Ist- und Sollwerte der Stationsbesetzung und macht sie in Form schnell erfassbarer Diagramme visuell abrufbar. Erfahren Sie hier mehr über die Inhalte.
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): eine psychoaktive Pflanze mit Chancen
und Risiken
Authors: Gahr Maximilian
Published: May 2022

Kratom ist ein immergrüner Baum, der in Südostasien heimisch ist
und dessen Blätter traditionell als Stimulans, als Therapie bei
verschiedenen gesundheitlichen Problemen und zu religiösen Zwecken
verwendet werden. Insbesondere in den USA (geringer auch in Europa) wird seit
einigen Jahren eine relevante Prävalenz des Kratomkonsums beobachtet. In
westlichen Ländern wird Kratom überwiegend als Analgetikum und
Stimulans, zur Behandlung von Schmerzen und Opioidgebrauchsstörungen und
zur günstigen Beeinflussung der psychischen Gesundheit (z. B.
bei Depression, Angststörungen) verwendet. Die chemischen
Hauptbestandteile von Kratom sind Alkaloide, von denen Mitragynin und
7-Hydroxymitragynin am bedeutsamsten erscheinen. Die Pharmakodynamik und
-kinetik von Kratom sind komplex und unzureichend untersucht. Bekannt ist, dass
Mitragynin und 7-Hydroxymitragynin Partialagonisten an humanen
μ-Opioidrezeptoren und Antagonisten an κ- und
δ-Opioidrezeptoren bei zusätzlichen Effekten an weiteren
zentralen Rezeptoren sind. Die Verträglichkeit von Kratom scheint im
Vergleich mit klassischen Opioiden besser zu sein, was mit fehlenden Effekten
von Kratom auf β-Arrestin in Verbindung gebracht und als Ausgangspunkt
für die Entwicklung besser verträglicher Opioide diskutiert
wurde. Einige Alkaloide in Kratom sind Inhibitoren von CYP2D6, geringer auch
CYP2C19 und CYP3A4. Das Abhängigkeitspotential von Kratom scheint
geringer ausgeprägt zu sein als das von klassischen Opioiden, wobei die
Datenlage dazu begrenzt ist und Kratomgebrauchsstörungen primär
in westlichen Längern auftreten. Es sind zahlreiche Fälle von
schwerwiegenden gesundheitlichen Problemen und Todesfälle im
Zusammenhang mit Kratomkonsum in den USA bekannt, wobei in diesen Fällen
meist mehrere Substanzen involviert waren. Kratomkonsum ist vermutlich mit
hepatotoxischen und kardiotoxischen Effekten assoziiert. Kratom-assoziierte
Morbidität und Mortalität unterscheiden sich zwischen westlichen
Ländern und Südostasien, wo Kratomkonsum kein
öffentliches Gesundheitsproblem darstellt, quantitativ erheblich. Als
Gründe hierfür wurden der in westlichen Ländern
verbreitete Mischkonsum, höhere Dosierungen konsumierten Kratoms,
Verfälschungen und Verunreinigungen kommerziell erhältlicher
Kratomprodukte in westlichen Ländern, pharmakokinetische Interaktionen
und höhere Konzentrationen von 7-Hydroxymitragynin in getrockneten
Kratomblättern (die typischerweise in westlichen Ländern
konsumiert werden) im Vergleich mit frischen Blättern (die
typischerweise in Südostasien konsumiert werden) genannt.
Die Basis jeder Diagnose
Authors: Bierbach Elvira
Published: May 2022

Eine ausführliche und empathisch geführte Anamnese fördert nicht nur die Therapeuten-Patienten-Beziehung, sondern ist in vielen Fällen der Schlüssel zur Diagnose. Statt eines Universalvorgehens ist bei Anamnese situationsangepasste Gesprächsführung gefragt. Ein Grundgerüst kann jedoch helfen, Struktur und Orientierung in das Gespräch zu bringen. Um Fehldiagnosen zu vermeiden gilt es, neben den Hauptsymptomen unter anderem auch die Nebensymptome sowie Vor- und Begleiterkrankungen anamnestisch zu erfassen.
Temporal Tendinitis in Craniomandibular Dysfunction (CMD) – Does it Really Exist? A Temporomandibular MRI Investigation
Authors: Stimmer Herbert , Grill Florian , Waschulzik Birgit , Nieberler Markus , Wolff Klaus-Dietrich , Kolk Andreas
Published: May 2022

Objectives The aim of the study was to analyze the role of temporal muscle and particularly tendon pathology in patients suffering from craniomandibular dysfunction (CMD) using magnetic resonance imaging.

Materials and Methods Retrospective analysis of MRI examinations was carried out with regard to temporal muscle fibrosis and fatty degeneration and particularly temporal tendon rupture, thickening, and degenerative signal alterations. Descriptive statistics and the Mann-Whitney U-test were used for statistical evaluation.

Results Structural lesions of temporal muscle parenchyma were the absolute exception. PD hyperintensity, pronounced contrast enhancement, or peritendinous fluid collections along the temporal tendon were found only to a small extent, and a (partial) rupture occurred in only one case. The tendon diameter showed only slight variability. The Mann-Whitney U-test provided no results indicating a causal connection between degenerative joint or disc disease and temporal tendon pathology.

Conclusion A large sample of 128 magnetic resonance imaging examinations provided no evidence of a major role of temporal tendinitis in clinical CMD syndrome.

Key Points: 

Citation Format
Practical Prediction Model for Ovarian Insufficiency after Radiation
Authors: Gil Gabriel Oliveira Bernardes , Asano Cassiano , Andrade Warne Pedro de , Gil Maria Luísa Braga Vieira , Cândido Eduardo Batista , Regalin Marcos , Queiroz Izabella Nobre , Cantídio Farley Soares , Delfino Darly Gomes Soares , Silva-Filho Agnaldo Lopes
Published: May 2022

Objective The present study aimed to develop a useful mathematical model that predicts the age at which premature ovarian insufficiency might occur after teletherapy radiation. A diagnosis of premature or early menopause has physical and psychological consequences, so women may need support and long-term medical follow-up.

Methods To correlate ovarian radiation dose with ovarian function, we used the formula described by Wallace et al.: √g(z) = 10(2-0,15z), where “g(z)” and “z” represent oocyte survival rate and the radiation dose (in Gray), respectively. By simulating different ages and doses, we observed a pattern that could be used to simplify the relationship between radiation dose and remaining time of ovarian function.

Results We obtained a linear function between ovarian radiation dose and loss of ovarian function (LOF) that is the percentage of decrease in the time to the ovarian failure compared with the time expected for a woman at the same age without irradiation exposition. For patients < 40 years old and with ovarian radiation doses < 5 Gy, the equation LOF = 2.70 + (11.08 x Dose) can be applied to estimate the decrease in time to premature ovarian insufficiency.

Conclusion The present study reports a practicable theoretical method to estimate the loss of ovarian function. These findings can potentially improve the management and counseling of young women patients submitted to radiotherapy during their reproductive years.
Impact of Obstetric Communication on Decision-to-Delivery Time
Authors: Crimmins Sarah , Baumer Sarah , Theodoru Andrea , Driscoll Colleen H.
Published: May 2022

Objective In obstetric emergencies, care coordination is critical in achieving a “decision-to-delivery” time of 30 minutes. Reliable communication is essential to optimize coordinated care of mother and baby. Clinical mobility (CM) platforms have been shown to improve communication during medical emergencies; however, their impact on improving decision-to-delivery times has not been shown. This study aimed to determine the impact of a new CM platform on decision-to-delivery time.

Study Design A multidisciplinary team designed a CM platform that employs a wall-mounted panel paired with mobile technology to alert all relevant clinical staff. This new platform uses in-room preprogrammed messages that alert predetermined responders matching the emergency. For example, the “STAT section” button summons doctors (obstetrics, anesthesiology, and neonatology), obstetric nurses, and newborn resuscitation staff via smartphones. Impact of this platform was assessed with process and outcome data: cord artery pH, 5-minute Apgar's score; and decision for cesarean section to time of: skin incision, uterine incision, and delivery. This pre- and postimplementation study (October–September 2018 vs. January–December 2019) centered on the opening of our new Obstetric Care Unit. Data were analyzed with Chi-square and Mann–Whitney U-test.

Results Emergent cesarean delivery was performed in 172 women pre- and 124 postimplementation of the new CM platform. In postimplementation, we observed a 7.4-minute reduction in time from decision-to-delivery (26 pre- vs. 18.6 minutes postimplementation, p = 0.001). Delivery within 30 minutes improved by 15.2% (p = 0.018). Times to skin and uterine incision were also significantly reduced. The two groups had similar neonatal outcomes: birth weight, Apgar's score at 5 minutes, and cord artery pH did not differ, but the study was underpowered to compare these outcomes.

Conclusion This new CM platform significantly reduced decision-to-delivery time, in turn improving compliance with the “30-minute rule.” All relevant personnel were contacted specifically, while avoiding overhead paging and other unnecessary messages.

Key Points
Simulating liquid–gas interfaces and moving contact lines with the immersed boundary method
Authors: Li Michael Y. , Chin Daniel , Puelz Charles , Sanaei Pejman
Published: May 2022

In this work, we use the immersed boundary method with four extensions to simulate a moving liquid–gas interface on a solid surface. We first define a moving contact line model and implements a static-dynamic friction condition at the immersed solid boundary. The dynamic contact angle is endogenous instead of prescribed, and the solid boundary can be non-stationary with respect to time. Second, we simulate both a surface tension force and a Young's force with one general equation that does not involve estimating local curvature. In the third extension, we splice liquid–gas interfaces to handle topological changes, such as the coalescence and separation of liquid droplets or gas bubbles. Finally, we re-sample liquid–gas interface markers to ensure a near-uniform distribution without exerting artificial forces. We demonstrate empirical convergence of our methods on non-trivial examples and apply them to several benchmark cases, including a slipping droplet on a wall and a rising bubble.
Delaying hypersonic boundary layer transition using forward-facing step arrays: An experimental work
Authors: Xu Xiwang , Yi Shihe , Quan Pengcheng , Lu Xiaoge , Han Junhao
Published: May 2022

Our previous research has demonstrated that a single forward-facing step (FFS) could delay the hypersonic boundary layer transition on a cone [Xu et al., “Influences of steps on the hypersonic boundary-layer transition on a cone,” AIAA J. 59, 439–446 (2021)]. This paper aims to further this study by investigating the control effects of FFS arrays on the hypersonic boundary layer transition on a 7° half-angle sharp cone. Experiments are conducted in a Mach 6 wind tunnel using nano-tracer-based planar laser scattering techniques and high-frequency pressure sensors. Cases with smooth surfaces, single FFS, or FFS arrays with different spacing and step heights are studied for comparison. The results show that FFS arrays present a better performance on stabilizing the second mode wave and delaying the transition than a single FFS. Notably, the spacing and height between and of the steps also play an important role in the delay effect. For the cases studied, a better control effect can be achieved using FFS arrays spaced at a larger distance or with step height increasing along the flow direction. Moreover, FFS arrays could restabilize the second mode wave that has been amplified by the upstream backward-facing step.
Impact of seawater temperature on the Pacific oyster (
Authors: Pathirana Erandi , Whittington Richard J. , Hick Paul M.
Published: May 2022

Context Intertidal estuarine environments expose oysters to wide temperature variations. This can shift their microbiome composition towards pathogen-dominated communities. Understanding the impact of temperature on the microbiome will facilitate oyster health management. Aims The present study was conducted to (1) assess the Pacific oyster microbiome at different temperatures (21°C, 22°C, 26°C and diurnal fluctuation between 22°C and 26°C) and (2) investigate microbiome changes in response to exposure to the pathogen Ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1) at different temperatures. Methods Pacific oysters (15 months of age; n = 480) were acclimated to different temperatures in laboratory aquaria. Samples were obtained before and after acclimation and after OsHV-1 exposure for quantification of OsHV-1, total bacteria and Vibrio, by quantitative PCR. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene (V1–V3) sequences were used to characterise the gill bacterial community. Key results The alpha diversity (number of observed amplicon sequence variants) and total number of bacteria associated with the gills of oysters did not change with acclimation to different water temperature profiles, but there was variation in beta diversity. The highest mortality after OsHV-1 exposure occurred at 26°C and these, together with oysters at 22/26°C, had a higher concentration of OsHV-1 DNA compared with to the ones at the lower constant temperatures (P < 0.05). The total bacterial quantity increased after the OsHV-1 challenge in oysters at 22/26°C. The alpha diversity of microbiota increased after the OsHV-1 challenge in oysters at 21°C and 22/26°C. The beta diversity changed both after acclimation and OsHV-1 challenge. The highest abundance of Vibrio and higher OsHV-1 loads were seen in OsHV-1-challenged oysters at 26°C (P < 0.05). Conclusions The gill microbiome altered with seawater temperature and OsHV-1 challenge. Higher mortality following OsHV-1 exposure was associated with a higher water temperature and greater abundance of Vibrio spp. arising from the microbiome. Implications Higher seawater temperature can be considered a key risk factor influencing oyster health by altering the microbiome, increasing susceptibility to OsHV-1 and increasing the Vibrio fraction in the oyster microbiome.
The role of animal welfare in improving the future of farming
Authors: Doyle Rebecca E. , Campbell Angus J. D. , Dione Michel , Woodruff Madeleine , Munoz Carolina , Alemayehu Gezahegn , Berhe Tsega , Knight-Jones Theo
Published: May 2022

Context Animal production plays a critical role in many global challenges around sustainability, including climate change and resilience, One Health and food security. With this role comes pressures on livestock welfare. Aims This paper demonstrates key contributions animal welfare makes to global sustainability challenges. Methods This paper highlights ‘win–win’ improvements for both animal welfare and other aspects of sustainability by using the following four case studies: tail docking Australian sheep, agroforestry systems in Ethiopia, the Australian dairy-beef industry, and strategic feeding of goats in Pakistan. Key results These case studies show how animal welfare can be improved alongside livelihoods. However, even in these win–win situations, the adoption of improved practices is not guaranteed. Conclusions Long-term, sustained change in animal welfare can simultaneously make in roads to other challenges around sustainability. To do this, we must have a broader understanding of the system in which the animals are raised, so that barriers to change can be identified. Implications Lessons from these case studies can be applied to other production contexts and challenges, highlighting the universal value of understanding and addressing animal welfare.
Mineral–organic associations are enriched in both microbial metabolites and plant residues in a subtropical soil profile under no-tillage and legume cover cropping
Authors: Veloso M. G. , Angers D. A. , Chantigny M. H. , Bayer C.
Published: May 2022

Context Knowledge of the impacts of no-tillage and cover cropping on carbon accumulation and stabilisation in highly weathered agricultural soils of subtropical regions is scant. We hypothesised that implementation of no-tillage coupled with high-quality legume residues in highly weathered agricultural soils would result in high carbon accumulation rates, mainly as microbe- and plant-derived materials in fine mineral–organic complexes. Aims and methods We sampled soil profiles down to 100 cm in a long-term field experiment and used density and particle size fractionation in combination with carbohydrate analyses to compare the effect of conventional tillage vs no-tillage, combined or not with legume cover cropping, and combined or not with mineral nitrogen fertilisation. Key results Both no-tillage and legume cover crops favoured the accumulation and enrichment in plant-derived carbohydrates in the surface soil layer, due to the accumulation of plant residues. The ratio of microbe- to plant-derived carbohydrates increased with soil depth indicating that the soil carbon (C) was more microbially processed than at the surface. Conservation management systems also increased soil C at depth and this was most visible in the clay fraction. The additional clay-size C accumulating at depth under conservation treatments was of both microbial and plant origin. Conclusions Our results support the hypothesis that mineral-associated C is composed of both plant and microbial residues and is positively influenced by conservation management practices. Implications Our results demonstrate that no-till and legume cover cropping are efficient practises to foster C accumulation and stabilisation in heavily weathered agricultural soil profiles in a subtropical climate.
Evaluating the Relationship between Industry Sponsorship and Conflicts of Interest among Systematic Review Authors on Treatments for Cannabis use Disorder
Authors: Carr Marvin , Reddy Vaishnavi , Anderson J. Michael , Weaver Michael , Hartwell Micah , Vassar Matt
Published: May 2022

Background: Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug worldwide. In addition to potential adverse effects, an estimated 9% consistent cannabis users are likely to become dependent and may develop a cannabis use disorder (CUD). Methods: This cross-sectional study developed a search strategy using Ovid, MEDLINE, and Ovid Embase for systematic reviews and meta-analyses focused on CUD treatment in June 2020. These reviews were evaluated for conflicts of interest (COIs) per previously developed classification scheme. Our primary objectives were to (1) evaluate the presence of disclosed or undisclosed COI of systematic review authors, regarding treatment of CUD; and (2) determine whether overall summary effect estimates, narrative results and conclusions were influenced by the presence of disclosed or undisclosed COIs among systematic review authors. Results: Our systematic search returned 560 articles which 9 systematic reviews were eligible for data extraction. We found 77.8% (7/9) contained at least one author with a COI. From the 51 authors included, 29.4% (15/51) were found to have a COI. Forty-four percent (4/9) were funded, 22.2% (2/9) were not funded, and 33.3% (3/9) had no funding statements. Out of the 7 systematic reviews with one or more authors containing COI, 14.2% (1/7) included results favoring the treatment group and 28.6% (2/7) included conclusions favoring the treatment group. Our results showed no significance between funding source and results ( p = 0.429) or conclusions. Additionally, we found no significance between the presence of COIs with the favorability of results ( p = 0.56) or conclusions. Conclusion: Multiple studies favored the treatment of cannabis-containing products, even though COIs were found in the majority of the systematic reviews. COIs have the ability to sway results of a study, which can affect clinical decision-making. Stricter guidelines should be enforced among authors displaying COIs in systematic reviews studying CUD treatment.
Rhymed Talk and Ideophones: Recovering Extinct Discourse Practices from Russian Realist Fiction
Authors: Maslov Boris , Nikitina Tatiana
Published: May 2022

This article presents a case for approaching works of nineteenth-century realist fiction as proto-ethnographic documents that contain unique evidence for reconstructing extinct discourse practices. We focus on two previously undescribed phenomena: improvised rhyming in sparring dialogue, and the use of ideophones in oral storytelling.
Polyphony and the Carnivalesque in Kyiv
Authors: Gemziak Łukasz
Published: May 2022

This article analyzes the significance of the place in Kyiv where the statue of Lenin stood before it was toppled during the Euromaidan protests. Following the monument’s demolition, many works of art have been successively exhibited on this site. Drawing on Bakhtin’s concept of the carnival sense of the world, the article suggests that these sculptures, installations, and performances have demonstrated the permanent carnivalesque potential of the place. Moreover, as different representations of Ukrainian memory and identity, these works of art have created a polyphony of voices about the Ukrainian past, present, and future. The research explains the significance of this phenomenon for the Ukrainian society.
“Am I Your Coequal?!”: Memes and Changing Meanings in the Digital Subversion of Ghanaian Hierarchies
Authors: Flamenbaum Rachel Nora
Published: May 2022

Capturing the zeitgeist of youthful challenges to the status quo in Ghana, a video of an anonymous young person challenging an older politician with a derisive call of “Tweaa!” went viral in 2014. Reentextualizations of the encounter were soon circulating online in the form of memes, songs, and hashtags and offline in joking exchanges everywhere from vegetable markets to parliament. This article traces the many ironic reembeddings of the tweaa clip across these contexts, as young people used tweaa to subvert and interrogate Ghana’s rigid social hierarchies—ultimately producing an enduring shift in the vocabulary of protest in Ghana. Tweaa, once a casual interjection of disapproval, is now explicitly seen as iconic of the disenfranchised challenging those in power: a verb meaning “to protest inept authority.” This case study of memetic circulation suggests that memes not only discursively produce publics but can effect seismic semiotic shifts in everyday language.
Structural and electronic behavior of yttrium doped zirconolite ceramic; a potential waste form for burning minor actinides
Authors: Kaur Rajveer , Gupta M , Kulriya P K , Ghumman S S
Published: May 2022

In the study of nuclear materials, zirconolite ceramic doped with yttrium, as a surrogate for minor actinides, is chosen to study the effects of doping on structural and electronic response which are crucial parameters in the determination of the stability and durability of materials under radiation effects. The samples Ca0.9Zr0.9Y0.2Ti2O7 have been synthesized using conventional solid-state route of two-step sintering process. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy studies are performed on samples to examine the effect of temperatures on formation of phase. The scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed formation of porous micro-structure at 1200 °C while dense-packed morphology at sintering temperature of 1300 °C. Both XRD and Raman spectroscopy on samples sintered at 1300 °C reveal almost single phase (2 M zirconolite) formation with 20% molar concentration of yttrium thus indicating high loading capacity of zirconolite. The formation of 2M-zirconolite phase is also confirmed from Rietveld refinement of the spectra. Analysis of refinement of spectra of sample sintered at 1300 °C indicates substitution of Y3+ ions against both Ca and Zr sites with similar occupancy of ∼10%, while the altered chemical environment is found to affect the bond length. XPS confirms the presence of Y3+ in the structure and illustrates further that oxidation states of all the elements remain unaltered. Finally, the measurements and analysis show that zirconolite can retain its structural integrity by incorporation of 20% molar concentration of yttrium on Ca and Zr sites and can be a promising waste form for burning the minor actinides in advance accelerators.
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: measurement and analysis of 1D beams for DR4
Authors: Lungu Marius , Storer Emilie R. , Hasselfield Matthew , Duivenvoorden Adriaan J. , Calabrese Erminia , Chesmore Grace E. , Choi Steve K. , Dunkley Jo , Dünner Rolando , Gallardo Patricio A. , Golec Joseph E. , Guan Yilun , Hill J. Colin , Hincks Adam D. , Hubmayr Johannes , Madhavacheril Mathew S. , Mallaby-Kay Maya , McMahon Jeff , Moodley Kavilan , Naess Sigurd , Nati Federico , Niemack Michael D. , Page Lyman A. , Partridge Bruce , Puddu Roberto , Schillaci Alessandro , Sifón Cristóbal , Staggs Suzanne , Sunder Dhaneshwar D. , Wollack Edward J. , Xu Zhilei
Published: May 2022

We describe the measurement and treatment of the telescope beams for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope's fourth data release, DR4. Observations of Uranus are used to measure the central portion (<12') of the beams to roughly -40 dB of the peak. Such planet maps in intensity are used to construct azimuthally averaged beam profiles, which are fit with a physically motivated model before being transformed into Fourier space. We investigate and quantify a number of percent-level corrections to the beams, all of which are important for precision cosmology. Uranus maps in polarization are used to measure the temperature-to-polarization leakage in the main part of the beams, which is ≲ 1% (2.5%) at 150 GHz (98 GHz). The beams also have polarized sidelobes, which are measured with observations of Saturn and deprojected from the ACT time-ordered data. Notable changes relative to past ACT beam analyses include an improved subtraction of the atmospheric effects from Uranus calibration maps, incorporation of a scattering term in the beam profile model, and refinements to the beam model uncertainties and the main temperature-to-polarization leakage terms in the ACT power spectrum analysis.
The pseudoscalar meson and baryon octet interaction with strangeness S = −2 in the unitary coupled-channel approximation
Authors: Sun Bao-Xi , Liu Xin-Yu
Published: May 2022

The interaction of the pseudoscalar meson and the baryon octet with strangeness

S
=
−
2

and isospin

I
=
1
/
2

is investigated by solving the Bethe–Salpeter equation in the infinite and finite volume respectively. It is found that there is a resonance state generated dynamically, which owns a mass of about 1550 MeV and a large decay width of 120–200 MeV. This resonance state couples strongly to the π

Ξ

channel. Therefore, it might not correspond to the

Ξ
(
1620
)

particle announced by Belle collaboration. At the same time, this problem is studied in the finite volume, and an energy level at 1570 MeV is obtained, which is between the

π
Ξ

and

K
¯

Λ

thresholds and independent of the cubic box size.
Transition radiation in the THz range generated in the relativistic laser—tape target interaction
Authors: Gorlova D , Tsymbalov I , Volkov R , Savel’ev A
Published: May 2022

Generation of terahertz (THz) radiation in the interaction of laser pulse with intensity ∼5 × 1018 W cm−2 with a controlled preplasma, created by an additional laser pulse interacting with a 16 μm film target, was studied. The mechanism of generation of THz radiation in the frequency range 1–5 THz was found to be coherent transition radiation of accelerated electrons transversing the rear plasma-vacuum boundary. Angular distribution of the THz radiation changes with the delay between main pulse and prepulse due to different regimes of electron acceleration, while THz radiation spectrum reflects the spatial size of the preplasma cloud and may be used for diagnostics purposes. THz radiation energy reaches ∼0.1 mJ in 1–5 THz spectral range, corresponding to 0.2% conversion efficiency, and increases linearly with laser pulse energy.
Adoption of ICRU report 90 recommendations in the Canadian Co-60 air-kerma primary standard
Authors: Mainegra-Hing E
Published: May 2022

The Canadian air-kerma primary standard for60Co beams is updated according to ICRU report 90 (ICRU-90) recommendations. The effect of these recommendations and a more detailed chamber model on the primary standard is investigated. Dosimetric quantities and corrections required for the realization of air kerma are calculated using the EGSnrc Monte Carlo (MC) simulation system. The validity of Spencer–Attix (SA) cavity theory as function of Δ, the secondary particle production threshold energy, is investigated to assess the accuracy of its current selection criterion. Although individual changes in some correction factors are statistically non-negligible, the overall effect amounts to only a 0.04% increase of the standard. The meanrestrictedmass electronic stopping power ratio graphite to air,S¯Δ,g,adecreases from the previous value of 1.0010 to a value of 0.9949. If this value is used with the recommendedWairvalue of 33.97 eV, the effect on the standard is a reduction of 0.613%. When the recommendedWairS¯g,avalue of 33.72 eV is used instead, the change results in a 0.835% reduction inKair. Using SA cavity theory to obtainKairwith a Δ value of 20 keV, corresponding to the cavity’s mean chord length, reproduces a direct MC calculation at the 0.03% level. Type B uncertainties due to uncertainty in the photon and electron cross sections for the largest correctionsKwallandKcompare estimated to be 0.01% and 0.10%, respectively. No statistically significant effect on the standard is observed due to changes in the correction factors. Fano tests and comparison to single scattering calculations demonstrate EGSnrc’s electron transport algorithm accuracy to be within 0.03% relative to its own cross sections. The latter also validates the criterion for selecting Δ based on the average chord length of the chamber’s cavity. A 0.2% difference in therestrictedstopping power ratio obtained in this work and the value resulting from ICRU-90 recommendations has the potential for affecting standards relying on the absolute value ofWair, thus further investigation is granted. The current update results in a 0.8% decrease of the Canadian60Co air-kerma primary standard with a reduced uncertainty of 0.2%. This change is in excellent agreement with the reported change to the BIPM60Co air-kerma standard.
Bridging the gap between patient-specific and patient-independent seizure prediction via knowledge distillation
Authors: Wu Di , Yang Jie , Sawan Mohamad
Published: May 2022

Objective.Deep neural networks (DNNs) have shown unprecedented success in various brain-machine interface applications such as epileptic seizure prediction. However, existing approaches typically train models in a patient-specific fashion due to the highly personalized characteristics of epileptic signals. Therefore, only a limited number of labeled recordings from each subject can be used for training. As a consequence, current DNN based methods demonstrate poor generalization ability to some extent due to the insufficiency of training data. On the other hand, patient-independent models attempt to utilize more patient data to train a universal model for all patients by pooling patient data together. Despite different techniques applied, results show that patient-independent models perform worse than patient-specific models due to high individual variation across patients. A substantial gap thus exists between patient-specific and patient-independent models.Approach. In this paper, we propose a novel training scheme based on knowledge distillation which makes use of a large amount of data from multiple subjects. It first distills informative features from signals of all available subjects with a pre-trained general model. A patient-specific model can then be obtained with the help of distilled knowledge and additional personalized data.Main results. Four state-of-the-art seizure prediction methods are trained on the Children’s Hospital of Boston-MIT sEEG database with our proposed scheme. The resulting accuracy, sensitivity, and false prediction rate show that our proposed training scheme consistently improves the prediction performance of state-of-the-art methods by a large margin.Significance.The proposed training scheme significantly improves the performance of patient-specific seizure predictors and bridges the gap between patient-specific and patient-independent predictors.
Unwrapped two-point functions on high-dimensional tori
Authors: Deng Youjin , Garoni Timothy M , Grimm Jens , Zhou Zongzheng
Published: May 2022

We study unwrapped two-point functions for the Ising model, the self-avoiding walk (SAW) and a random-length loop-erased random walk on high-dimensional lattices with periodic boundary conditions. While the standard two-point functions of these models have been observed to display an anomalous plateau behaviour, the unwrapped two-point functions are shown to display standard mean-field behaviour. Moreover, we argue that the asymptotic behaviour of these unwrapped two-point functions on the torus can be understood in terms of the standard two-point function of a random-length random walk model on

Z

d

. A precise description is derived for the asymptotic behaviour of the latter. Finally, we consider a natural notion of the Ising walk length, and show numerically that the Ising and SAW walk lengths on high-dimensional tori show the same universal behaviour known for the SAW walk length on the complete graph.
Ecosystems are showing symptoms of resilience loss
Authors: Rocha Juan C
Published: May 2022

Ecosystems around the world are at risk of critical transitions due to increasing anthropogenic pressures and climate change. Yet it is unclear where the risks are higher or where in the world ecosystems are more vulnerable. Here I measure resilience of primary productivity proxies for marine and terrestrial ecosystems globally. Up to 29% of global terrestrial ecosystem, and 24% marine ones, show symptoms of resilience loss. These symptoms are shown in all biomes, but Arctic tundra and boreal forest are the most affected, as well as the Indian Ocean and Eastern Pacific. Although the results are likely an underestimation, they enable the identification of risk areas as well as the potential synchrony of some transitions, helping prioritize areas for management interventions and conservation.