bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Daemonorops draco Resin
Authors: Wahyuni Wulan Tri , Purwanti Sri , Batubara Irmanida
Published: May 2018

Daemonorops draco has been reported for its antibacterial activity and empirically used for wound healing by Anak Dalam ethnic at Jambi Province, Sumatera-Indonesia. This study was performed to evaluate antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of D. draco resin collected from Jambi. D. draco resin was extracted using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol, respectively. Antibacterial activity of the extracts was evaluated using agar diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and Eschericia coli, whereas the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacteriacidal concentration (MBC) was determined by microdilution method. In addition, antibiofilm activity was evaluated by violet crystal method. The result showed that extraction yield of ethyl acetate was higher than methanol and n-hexane. Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of D. draco exhibited stronger antimicrobial activity against S. aureus compare to n-hexane extract. MIC and MBC of methanol extract and chromatographic fraction (F5.1) of ethyl acetate extract were 0.5 and 1.0 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, antibiofilm assay revealed that all extracts were inhibit initial attachment of bacteria cell in biofilm formation. This result revealed a novel information that  D. draco extracts was potential as inhibitor of biofilm formation. TLC bioautography of D. draco extracts indicated that constituent with Rf of 0.71 performed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. This finding expected to strengthen the scientific backup for utilization of D. draco by society.
C-peptide prevents SMAD3 binding to alpha promoters to inhibit collagen type IV synthesis
Authors: Li Yanning , Zhong Yan , Gong Wenjian , Gao Xuehan , Qi Huanli , Liu Kun , Qi Jinsheng
Published: May 2018

Activation of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFB1)/SMAD3 signaling may lead to additional synthesis of collagen type IV (COL4), which is a major contributor to extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in diabetic nephropathy (DN). C-peptide can attenuate fibrosis to have unique beneficial effects in DN. However, whether and how C-peptide affects TGFB1/SMAD3-activated COL4 synthesis is unclear. In this study, pathological changes, expression of COL4 a1-a5 chains (Col4a1-a5), COL4 distribution and protein and TGFB1 and SMAD3 protein were first assessed in a rat model of diabetes. Then, rat mesangial cells were treated with high glucose (HG) and/or C-peptide to investigate the underlying mechanism.Col4a1-a5expression, COL4 protein and secretion, TGFB1 protein, SMAD3 nuclear translocation and binding of SMAD3 to its cognate sites in the promoters ofCol4a1a2,Col4a3a4andCol4a5were measured. It was found that C-peptide attenuated glomerular pathological changes and suppressed renalCol4a1-a5mRNA expression, COL4 protein content and TGFB1 protein content. C-peptide had a dose-dependent effect to inhibitCol4a1-a5mRNA expression, COL4 protein content and secretion, in HG-stimulated mesangial cells. In addition, the HG-induced increase in TGFB1 protein content was significantly reduced by C-peptide. Although not apparently affecting SMAD3 nuclear translocation, C-peptide prevented SMAD3 from binding to its sites in theCol4a1a2,Col4a3a4andCol4a5promoters in HG-stimulated mesangial cells. In conclusion, C-peptide could prevent SMAD3 from binding to its sites in theCol4a1a2,Col4a3a4andCol4a5promoters, to inhibit COL4 generation. These results may provide a mechanism for the alleviation of fibrosis in DN by C-peptide.
Quantitative Morphological Variation in the DevelopingDrosophilaWing
Authors: Matamoro-Vidal Alexis , Huang Yunxian , Salazar-Ciudad Isaac , Shimmi Osamu , Houle David
Published: May 2018

Quantitative genetic variation in morphology is pervasive in all species and is the basis for the evolution of differences among species. The measurement of morphological form in adults is now beginning to be combined with comparable measurements of form during development. Here we compare the shape of the developing wing to its adult form in a holometabolous insect, Drosophila melanogaster. We used protein expression patterns to measure shape in the developing precursors of the final adult wing. Three developmental stages were studied: late larval third instar, post-pupariation and in the adult fly. We studied wild-type animals in addition to mutants of two genes (shf and ds) that have known effects on adult wing shape and size. Despite experimental noise related to the difficulty of comparing developing structures, we found consistent differences in wing shape and size at each developmental stage between genotypes. Quantitative comparisons of variation arising at different developmental stages with the variation in the final structure enable us to determine when variation arises, and to generate hypotheses about the causes of that variation. In addition we provide linear rules allowing us to link wing morphology in the larva, with wing morphology in the pupa. Our approach provides a framework to analyze quantitative morphological variation in the developing fly wing. This framework should help to characterize the natural variation of the larval and pupal wing shape, and to measure the contribution of the processes occurring during these developmental stages to the natural variation in adult wing morphology.
Development and Function of the Drosophila Tracheal System
Authors: Hayashi Shigeo , Kondo Takefumi
Published: May 2018

The tracheal system of insects is a network of epithelial tubules that functions as a respiratory organ to supply oxygen to various target organs. Target-derived signaling inputs regulate stereotyped modes of cell specification, branching morphogenesis, and collective cell migration in the embryonic stage. In the postembryonic stages, the same set of signaling pathways controls highly plastic regulation of size increase and pattern elaboration during larval stages, and cell proliferation and reprograming during metamorphosis. Tracheal tube morphogenesis is also regulated by physicochemical interaction of the cell and apical extracellular matrix to regulate optimal geometry suitable for air flow. The trachea system senses both the external oxygen level and the metabolic activity of internal organs, and helps organismal adaptation to changes in environmental oxygen level. Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the high plasticity of tracheal development and physiology uncovered through research on Drosophila are discussed.
Why Is DNA Double Stranded? The Discovery of DNA Excision Repair Mechanisms
Authors: Strauss Bernard S
Published: May 2018

The double stranded structure of DNA suggested a mechanism for replication. Overlooked was that it also served to maintain genome stability by providing a template for the repair of damage and mistakes in replication...

The persistence of hereditary traits over many generations testifies to the stability of the genetic material. Although the Watson–Crick structure for DNA provided a simple and elegant mechanism for replication, some elementary calculations implied that mistakes due to tautomeric shifts would introduce too many errors to permit this stability. It seemed evident that some additional mechanism(s) to correct such errors must be required. This essay traces the early development of our understanding of such mechanisms. Their key feature is the cutting out of a section of the strand of DNA in which the errors or damage resided, and its replacement by a localized synthesis using the undamaged strand as a template. To the surprise of some of the founders of molecular biology, this understanding derives in large part from studies in radiation biology, a field then considered by many to be irrelevant to studies of gene structure and function. Furthermore, genetic studies suggesting mechanisms of mismatch correction were ignored for almost a decade by biochemists unacquainted or uneasy with the power of such analysis. The collective body of results shows that the double-stranded structure of DNA is critical not only for replication but also as a scaffold for the correction of errors and the removal of damage to DNA. As additional discoveries were made, it became clear that the mechanisms for the repair of damage were involved not only in maintaining the stability of the genetic material but also in a variety of biological phenomena for increasing diversity, from genetic recombination to the immune response.
La construcción social-local de los derechos humanos, reflexiones a partir del derecho a la educación en México
Authors: Zertuche Cobos Víctor Alfonzo
Published: May 2018

El presente trabajo constituye una reflexión crítica desde el ámbito jurídico-social de los derechos humanos en México, cuyo fin es poner a discusión a partir de una realidad jurídica e institucional presente, el tema del derecho a la educación en derechos humanos a partir de una de las reformas constitucionales más importantes en los últimos años en materia de derechos humanos, la de junio de 2011, donde a partir de los artículos 1° y 3° constitucionales se derivó una política pública propuesta en el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo (PND) 2013-2018 a la par con el Programa Nacional de Derechos Humanos (PNDH) 2014-2018 dentro de la administración pública federal, cuyo objeto es la implementación de la enseñanza de los derechos humanos en el ámbito nacional. En dicha propuesta observamos dos efectos, uno positivo y otro negativo inscritos en la dimensión meramente institucional u oficial del Estado mexicano, de los cuales se deriva un tercer efecto positivo para el ámbito social o local, es decir, en el espacio donde se encuentran los sectores populares o minorías culturales; por lo tanto, es en este espacio social o local, donde el tercer efecto positivo de la política pública nacional cobraría lugar para repensar el uso contrahegemónico y alternativo del derecho a la educación en derechos humanos, desde donde sería posible la construcción o reconstrucción social-local de los derechos humanos que la sociedad presente y futura requiere con cierta urgencia.
Derechos humanos y democratización de los medios de comunicación
Authors: Barrera Rivas Abner
Published: May 2018

El presente artículo se propone analizar la relación que hay entre la libertad de prensa, concebida y practicada por los grandes medios de comunicación, y el derecho humano a una información independiente y veraz, tal como se entiende y propone en algunos tratados, pactos, convenciones y declaraciones internacionales con respecto a la libertad de opinión y la libertad de expresión como derechos humanos. Para ello se toman en cuenta las controversias vividas entre los grandes medios de comunicación y algunos de los gobiernos progresistas en América del Sur en los últimos tres lustros. Se exponen y analizan los argumentos esgrimidos con respecto a los derechos humanos que la sociedad civil requiere al recibir la información y los derechos que los dueños de los grandes medios consideran les asisten. Dado que la prioridad de las empresas privadas de comunicación es el lucro, entonces la información se convierte en un producto más de consumo. Se concluye que esta situación es un problema real para la formación y configuración de una sociedad democrática, y se propone la necesidad de que los medios de comunicación sean democratizados para resguardar los derechos humanos de todos.
Optimization of fertility indices of podzolic soils via cultivation of phytomeliorants
Authors: Tsapko Yu. , Ohorodnia A.
Published: May 2018

Aim. To determine and estimate the impact of phytopotential of cultivated plants on the fertility indices of podzolic soils, the main factors, limiting the performance of crops, and to establish economic effi ciency of cultivating phytomeliorants, different in their physiological properties. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical-statistical. Results. Comprehensive four-year-long studies (2013–2017) established that the optimization of physical and chemical properties of podzolic soils is achieved via the application of phytomeliorant measures. First and foremost, these measures are aimed at preventing the decalcifi cation of soils, i.e. they condition the accumulation of an active Са 2+ ion, which promotes improving the soil characteristics due to progressing development of cumulative soil genesis. It was established that with the mass of alfalfa roots of 9.7 t/ha and sainfoin of 9.9 t/ha, the 0–100 cm layer of podzolic chernozem contains 148.6 and 109.2 kg/ha СаО respectively. Enriching the
root-containing layer of soil with calcium compounds promotes replenishing the soil with active calcium, thus ensuring the optimization of the lime potential (pH – 0.5pCa). The latter affects both the acid-alkaline balance and the regulation of physical and chemical processes in soil. It was established that after three years of phytomelioration, the soil in variants with perennial grasses is characterized with higher buffer against acid-alkaline load compared to the control variant which is confi rmed with the indices of acid-alkaline buffer. Taking the abovementioned into consideration, one may assume that the very increase in the activity of calcium is one of buffer mechanisms of soil against acidifi cation. It was proven that phytomelioration is effi cient in terms of improving physical properties of soils, and soil structure, in particular, due to the decrease in the number of dusty and lumpy fractions. It was established that due to phytomeliorant measures the saturation of soil-colloid absorbing
complex with calcium ensures intense improvement of water resistance of aggregates for two years. It was proven that optimal values of soil composition density for most crops of the Forest-Steppe zone may be achieved while cultivating Sudan grass for one year. The improvement of the main indices of soil fertility via phytomeliorative measures led to the increase in the performance of corn and barley and improvement of quality properties of grain. Conclusions. Phytomeliorative technology of cultivating podzolic soils ensures the balanced use of soils with simultaneous orientation towards preservation of resources, ecological safety and supplying the population with stable yield of crops with high quality of products.
Polifarmacia en especies menores de clínicas veterinarias de la provincia de Heredia, en Costa Rica
Authors: Alfaro Mora Ramsés , Loria-Granados Mariana , Camacho-Bogantes Dylan
Published: May 2018

Las interacciones farmacológicas son el resultado de la administración conjunta de varios medicamentos. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo identificar las poblacionesanimales que poseen mayor exposición a la polifarmacia en clínicas veterinari asubi cadas en zonas urbanas de la provincia de Heredia, en Costa Rica; así comoel reporte de las principales interacciones farmacológicas registradas en estas. Seencontró que la especie canina es la que acude con mayor frecuencia a consulta y, a  suvez, es la que se expone con mayor frecuencia a la polimedicación, trayendo consigomayor probabilidad de interacciones medicamentosas. Las principales interaccionesdocumentadas son con antifúngicos, antiinflamatorios, glucocorticoides y antibacterianos.
Cualificación y experiencia de los vendedores de droguería para la dispensación de amoxicilina en una comuna de Santiago de Cali, Colombia
Authors: Castro Espinoza Jobany , Molineros Luis Fernando
Published: May 2018

Introducción. Un estudio en la comuna 5 de Santiago de Cali, encontró que el antibiótico más automedicado era la amoxicilina y que esta se asociaba a que fuese el vendedor de droguería quien la recomendaba. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo identificar la cualificación y experiencia de los vendedores de droguería en la comuna 5 de Santiago de Cali sobre la dispensación de amoxicilina. Metodología.Estudio de corte transversal en el que se encuestó un vendedor por droguería. Se estableció la asociación de la formación y experiencia con preguntas sobre uso del antibiótico. Resultados y discusiones. En su mayoría, los encuestados eran auxiliares de farmacia (35%), tenían más de cinco años de experiencia (81%); afirman que susclientes pocas veces presentan la fórmula médica (58%) y que ellos recomiendan su uso (62%). La pregunta de mayor acierto fue la relacionada con las precauciones y la de menor acierto la del tiempo de tratamiento. El 71% de los que tienen más de cinco años de experiencia acertaron en la pregunta sobre los efectos adversos (OR = 10,p < 0,05). Conclusiones. Entre menor es el nivel de formación, más frecuentemente recomiendan el uso del antibiótico, y todos los que no tenían formación en farmacia lo recomiendan.
Prescripción de analgésicos y reacciones adversas en pacientes hospitalizados
Authors: Vallejos Narváez Álvaro , Calvache Juan Camilo , Ávila María Paula , Latorre Sergio Iván , Ruano Camilo Andrés , Delgadillo Jennifer , Hernández Helman Esteban , Manosalva Gina Paola , Malaver Sindy Carolina , Torres Paula Alejandra , Bernal Guillermo Eduardo , Tovar Andrea , Caicedo Laura Marcela
Published: May 2018

Justificación. El dolor tiene alta prevalencia en la población general, siendo mayor en pacientes hospitalizados, con cifras cercanas al 80%. El control del dolor no siempre es adecuado debido a varios factores, siendo uno de los más importantes, el escasoconocimiento en el manejo de los analgésicos. Como una de las primeras medidasde mejoramiento asistencial para reducir el dolor en un hospital, debe conocerse la prevalencia de este síntoma y, asimismo, debe analizarse el abordaje terapéutico realizado.Es por esto por lo que este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el uso de analgésicos en pacientes de un hospital de cuarto nivel en Bogotá, Colombia, identificar los analgésicos más utilizados, el rango de dosis, las posibles interacciones y reacciones adversas a medicamentos (RAM) existentes. Resultados. El 78,9% de los pacienteshospitalizados presentaban dolor. Se prescribió analgésicos en 561 pacientes hospitalizados.Entre los más utilizados se encuentran: el acetaminofén (33,3%) y eltramadol (29,7%). El rango de duración de la terapia analgésica más común fue de 1 a 5 días (81,7%). Se identificaron 37 casos de sobredosificación y tres de terapia duplicada. Se presentaron 28 casos de reacciones adversas a medicamento (RAM).Discusión. El adecuado tratamiento del dolor cobra vital importancia al evaluar la satisfacción del paciente. Se encuentran diferentes tendencias de uso de analgésicos en pacientes hospitalizados, siendo los más utilizados el acetaminofén y los antiinflamatoriosno esteroideos (AINE). Se debe seguir investigando en este tema para tener evidencias científicas más firmes que permitan dictar unos lineamientos de aplicación universal para un correcto alivio del dolor.
A inteireza do ser como caminho para a constituição do sujeito professor
Authors: Soares Eliana Maria Do Sacramento
Published: May 2018

Neste texto, apresentam-se reflexões acerca da constituição do sujeito professor, tomando como caminho teórico a Matriz Biológico-Cultural da Existência Humana. Parte-se do pressuposto de que essa matriz contém conceitos que permitem compreender as diversas dimensões do viver e do conviver humano. Articulando conceitos desse arcabouço, experiências como pesquisadora implicada e vozes de outros atores que investigam o tema, expressa-se a concepção de inteireza do ser, no sentido de um estado de consciência que permite olhar para si com legitimidade e presença a fim de estar com o outro, em convivência e transformação mútua. Nesse caminho reflexivo, propõem-se alguns princípios que podem desencadear processos internos que permitam a emergência desse estado de inteireza, inspirando-se no conceito do conversar liberador. Argumenta-se, para concluir, que, ao atuar desde um estado de presença e em acoplamento com seus alunos, em espaços de convivência, o professor está educando para a paz, numa dimensão que inclui a espiritualidade.
Gênero, sexualidade e políticas públicas de educação
Authors: Da Silva Denise Regina Quaresma , Costa Zuleika Leonora Schmidt , Müller Márcia Beatriz Cerutti
Published: May 2018

Este estudo de cunho teórico objetiva analisar os documentos legais pertinentes às políticas públicas de educação sobre gênero, sexualidade e educação sexual, estabelecendo reflexões com os cenários educativos. Concluímos que estes fundam pressupostos que são um ponto de partida importante rumo à luta dos movimentos sociais feministas; à luta pelos direitos humanos a respeito dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos e pelo combate à homofobia; e à luta pela promoção dos direitos humanos e da saúde da população de lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transexuais.
Editorial
Authors: Dos Santos Andreia Mendes
Published: May 2018

Dossiê – A construção da profissionalidade docente: a pessoa em formação
Integración de cuerpos sociales en el espacio rural del Chaco entre ciclos económicos diferenciados. Vida laboral de “tipos” emblemáticos, y su impronta en la identidad popular
Authors: Mari Oscar Ernesto
Published: May 2018

ResumenLa ocupación del Chaco Austral Argentino entre fines del siglo XIX y primeras décadas del XX,  fue impulsada por sucesivas etapas colonizadoras que acompañaron la alternancia ciclos económicos diferenciados. En cada uno de estos momentos, que se dieron en ámbitos geográficos diferentes dentro del Territorio, fueron formándose cuerpos sociales particulares que aportaron los primeros rasgos identitarios a esta sociedad en formación. Dentro de éstos, surgieron “tipos sociales” que motivaron las primeras imágenes con que la sociedad nacional identificó al Chaco. Las condiciones de vida y trabajo, y el aporte cultural de algunos sectores representativos del ámbito rural del Chaco en esta época, son temas abordados en el presente artículo.Palabras Clave: Chaco, Territorio, Identidad, Hacheros, Cosecheros SummaryThe occupation of the Southern Chaco Argentine between ends of the nineteenth century and early decades of the 20th, was boosted by successive phases colonizers that they accompanied differentiated economics cycles. In each one of these moments, that were given in different geographic areas within the Territory, went forming social groups individuals that contributed the first identity traits to this society in training. Within these, emerged social types that motivated first images with that the domestic society identified to Chaco. Living conditions and work, and it contributes the cultural of some sectors representing the rural field of Chaco in this period, are issues addressed in the current article.Keywords: Chaco, Territory, Identity, Rural Social Types
Efecto de diferentes manejos nutricionales sobre el rendimiento y calidad de frutos de tomate
Authors: Terry Alfonso Elein , Ruiz Padrón Josefa , Carillo Soso Yudines
Published: May 2018

The conversion of high-input agriculture to an agro-ecological approach bring harmony to the environment reducing degraded Agroecosystems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different nutritional management on yield and internal and external quality of tomato fruits as an alternative to the reduction of mineral fertilizers. The research was carried out at the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (INCA) in Cuba, from September 15 to November 30, 2016. A randomized block design with four replications was used to study four treatments: Absolute control (without mineral fertilizer and bioproducts), Partial ecological nutrition (50 % of mineral fertilizer + bioproducts: mycorrhiza and biostimulant), Organic nutrition (organic fertilizer + bioproducts: mycorrhiza and biostimulant), and Conventional nutrition (NPK mineral fertilizer only). Evaluations regarding agricultural yield and its components, bromatological quality of fruits (Brix, acidity, vitamin C content, and nitrates) and postharvest indices (fruit firmness and diameter of endocarp and mesocarp) were performed. Agricultural yield (25.31 t/ha) and the internal quality of fruits (5.23 °Brix; 11.75 SST; 73.29 nitrates; 18.54 vitamin C, and 4.45 dry matter) applying the treatment where 50% of mineral fertilization was dispensed and complemented by bioproducts did not show significant differences with NPK treatment. Regarding the organic variant, the result in agricultural yield was lower (19.42 t/ha), in comparison with control and the ecological variant. Therefore, it is suggested further evaluation of the effect of the reduction of mineral fertilization on tomato crop and its combination with bioproducts.
Inseminación artificial a tiempo fijo en vacas con proestro prolongado de 60 y 72 horas
Authors: Yánez-Avalos Darwin Omar , Lépez Parra Juan Carlos , Moyano Tapia Juan Carlos , Quinteros Pozo Roberto Orlando , Marini Pablo Roberto
Published: May 2018

Fixed- time artificial insemination (IATF, in Spanish) in beef cattle has provided the use of genetically superior bulls in order to maximize the quality of calves. However, implementing this reproductive technique has proved to be difficult to apply in heifers nursing calves for several months of lactancy. An immediate solution to fertility decline of cattle includes the use of hormones. Some hormonal treatments have been developed which are able to control the moment of the first artificial insemination (IA) and the following inseminations in non- pregnant heifers as well as for the treatment of anestrus. The objective of this work was to evaluate two protocols with prolonged proestrus performing artificial insemination at fixed time at 60 or 72 hours in dual purpose cattle from the Ecuadorian Amazon. The study was held from October 2015 to October 2016. A total of 226 multiparious Brows Swiss cattle with nursing calves were inseminated at 60 (T1, n=115) and at 72 (T2, n=111) hours after removing the progesterone device., The conception rate for T1 was 61% (70/115) and for T2: 47% of pregnancy (52/111), showing significant differences (p≤0.05). The estrus was expressed on average by 70.8%, with no significant difference between the protocols (P = 3.15, p≥0.082), for T1 it was 76% (87/115) and for T2 of 65%. The follicular growth at the withdrawal of the progesterone device (T1: 9.53 ± 0.11 mm, T2: 9.87 ± 0.12 mm), the IATF (T1: 12.3 ± 0.12 mm; T2: 11.9 ± 0.12 mm), and the corpus luteum size (T1: 23.1 0.14±mm; T2:22.8 0.15 ±mm) did not show significant differences p≥0.5 between both protocols. It was concluded that both protocols did not show significant differences regarding follicular development at the time of withdrawal of the IATF device and the size of the corpus luteum size measured at day seven after withdrawal. However, the pregnancy rate was higher for the 60-hour protocol.
Producción de semillas de variedades de Moringa oleifera Lam en el Valle del Cauto
Authors: Ledea Rodríguez José Leonardo , Rosell Alonso Guiselle , Benítez Jiménez Diocles Guillermo , Reyes Pérez Ramón Crucito , Ray Ramírez Jorge Valentín , Reyes Pérez Juan José
Published: May 2018

Moringa oleifera has shown innumerable benefits as animal feed. For the expansion of this plant, a largeamount of quality seeds is necessary and, to produce them, sowing density and the cultivars used must be considered, among other factors. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of sowing distance on seed yield of four moringa cultivars. The study was carried out at the Experimental Pasture and Forage Station Pastures and Forages (EEPF, in Spanish) of the Institute of Agricultural Research(IIA, in Spanish) “Jorge Dimitrov” in Bayamo, Granma, Cuba. Four cultivars: Plain, Nicaragua, Supergenius, and Criolla, were evaluated on a Fluvisol soil in Cauto Valley. Twelve treatments, combining cultivar and sowing distance: 3x1, 3x2, and 3x3 m, were applied. The variables stem thickness, branches per plant,fruits per plant, fruit length, seeds per plant, and seed yield per plant and per hectarewere measured. There was not a significant interaction between cultivar and sowing distance for the studied variables.The best response of yield components was obtained from plants spaced at 3x2 and 3x3 m; however, the highest yield per hectare were reached from plants spaced at 3x1 and 3x2 m. Cultivarr was significant (p≤0.05) on stem thickness, fruit length, and seeds per fruit. For sowing distance, the significant variables (p≤0.05) were: stem thickness, branches and fruits per plant as well as yield per plant and per hectare.
Uterine inflammation affects the reproductive performance of dairy cows: A review
Authors: Molina-Coto Roger Eduardo , Lucy Matthew C.
Published: May 2018

Incidence of post- partum uterine disease is an important concern in dairy cattle, because it affects its reproduction. Therefore, the objective of this review of literature was to generate a multifactorial overview about uterine diseases, and the reproductive performance of dairy cows, from a zootechnical approach. Dairy cows face multiple challenges around parturition. Immune suppression around calving, exposition to trauma and uterine bacterial contamination, metabolic diseases, lactation, and changes in management make dairy cows susceptible to uterine diseases. Most cows are able to eliminate uterine infection after calving, however, some cows keep uterine disease. Uterine disease may show clinical signs, but also silent signs that affect fertility as well. Poor reproductive performance is not caused by those signs by themselves, but due to alterations in ovarian and uterine function. Also, the problem of this silent signs is that farmers become aware of the disease when it has already caused negative effects on the reproductiveperformance. Sometimes, uterine disease is still present at the moment of the first service after calving. Uterine diseasemake it harder for cows to get pregnant because it affects the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, being another cause for infertility, increasing the cull rate and decreasing incomes from the dairy industry.
An alternative inoculation technique of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on mango for early anthracnose tolerance screening
Authors: Monteon Ojeda Abraham , Sandoval Islas José Sergio , Mora Aguilera José Antonio , De Leon García De Alba Carlos , Peréz Rodríguez Amado , Vasquez Lopez Alfonso
Published: May 2018

The importance of having a technique that allows an efficient expression of symptoms of anthracnose is based on the early differentiation of cultivars and the optimization of genetic, material and financial resources. The objective of this research was to generate an alternative inoculation technique for Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on mango for early anthracnose tolerance screening. On this technique was optimized some of the most relevant components such as isolate virulence, conidial density, the inoculum deposition on leaves and using of surfactants. The study was carried in Iguala, Mexico, during the production cycles 2015-2016. C. gloeosporioides was biologically and culturally characterized. Gro and Sin monosporic strains were isolated from leaves, flowers, fruits and branches with anthracnose symptoms from commercial mango orchards located in Guerrero and Sinaloa states, Mexico. These strains show mycelial growth at 2.2 and 2.1 cm of diameter per day, spore density of 4.3x106, 3.9x106 conidia/ml, germination of 27 and 26%, virulence, with incubation period 4.5 and 4.1 days after inoculation, incidence of 90 and 92% and severity of 3.2 and 3.5 cm of diameter. The highest incidence and severity values with the lowest incubation period, was obtained using Gro isolate (1x105 conidia/ml) and polyoxyethylene-20-sorbitan monolaurate as spreader-sticker inoculated on the abaxial surface on detached young leaves, 15-20 days old, with a soft brush and incubated under dark condition. This inoculation technique allowed the optimal expression of C. gloeosporioides virulence in mango leaves and could be incorporated as a tool in the early differentiation of tolerance and susceptibility among cultivars.
Sentimiento bursátil como sistema dinámico
Authors: Ulate Montero Fernán
Published: May 2018

Estudiamos un vector de tres entradas, que llamaremos “espíritu bursátil”, que refleja el sentimiento sobre si un índice de una Bolsa de Valores va a subir, bajar o permanecer igual. Siguiendo el trabajo sobre la “mentalidad”, expuesto en Ulate(2006), dicho sentimiento será visto como un ser vivo, que es una manifestación de una Cultura o Mentalidad en un momento dado. Veremos el cambio de este sentimiento de la misma forma que se ve en animales o plantas. Utilizamos sistemas de ecuaciones diferenciales para describir el cambio y réplica en el tiempo de dicho espíritu, siguiendo la Teoría de Juegos Evolutivos. El sistema de tres ecuaciones será comparado con el sistema de dos ecuaciones, conocido como Lotka Volterra.
Un modelo de crecimiento poblacional de Ædes Ægypti con capacidad de carga logística
Authors: Olarte García Julián Alejandro , Muñoz Loaiza Aníbal
Published: May 2018

En esta investigación se plantea y analiza un modelo matemático mediante un sistema de ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias no lineales que representa la bioecología de los mosquitos Aedes aegypti, por cuanto involucra su ciclo de vida y sus sitios reproductivos principales. Se hallan las soluciones constantes del sistema en términos del umbral de crecimiento poblacional, haciéndose el análisis de estabilidad a cada una. Se realiza un análisis de sensibilidad local del umbral de crecimiento y del equilibrio de coexistencia en términos de los parámetros demográficos contemplados en la dinámica. Con datos calculados e hipotéticos, se presentan resultados numéricos de las soluciones del sistema, los cuales se obtienen con ayuda del software matemático Maple.
Cell Hashing v1
Authors: Stoeckius Marlon , Smibert Peter
Published: May 2018

This protocol is for performing Cell Hashing only. Sample multiplexing and super-loading on single cell RNA-sequencing platforms. Cell Hashinguses a series of oligo-tagged antibodies against ubiquitously expressed surface proteins with different barcodes to uniquely label cells from distinct samples, which can be subsequently pooled in one scRNA-seq run. By sequencing these tags alongside the cellular transcriptome, we can assign each cell to its sample of origin, and robustly identify doublets originating from multiple samples.
CITE-seq v1
Authors: Stoeckius Marlon
Published: May 2018

This protocol is for performing CITE-seq only. Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes by Sequencing (CITE-seq) is a multimodal single cell phenotyping method developed in theTechnology Innovation labat the New York Genome Center in collaboration with the Satija lab. CITE-seq uses DNA-barcoded antibodies to convert detection of proteins into a quantitative, sequenceable readout. Antibody-bound oligos act as synthetic transcripts that are captured during most large-scale oligodT-based scRNA-seq library preparation protocols (e.g. 10x Genomics, Drop-seq,ddSeq). This allows for immunophenotyping of cells with a potentially limitless number of markers and unbiased transcriptome analysis using existing single-cell sequencing approaches.
A Study of Students’ English Cooperative Learning Strategy in the Multimedia Environment
Authors: Wang Ling
Published: May 2018

As a new learning mode, cooperative learning is of great significance to the students' learning and development. In our country it has achieved remarkable results, and its implementation of a wide range, especially in the field of English teaching has made great achievements. This essay starts with the background and development of cooperative learning. From the characteristics of the multimedia environment, we make a comprehensive discussion of how to use effective means, multimedia network environment and the multimedia tools, to promote students' English cooperative learning. Multimedia environment in the application of cooperative learning has produced some magical effects. Students can search for English language learning materials, and the study model can help students to establish a cooperative team to start learning together. At the same time, the teachers assist to guide, and ultimately achieve better results than the traditional teaching.
A Study on English Acquisition from the Perspective of the Multimodal Theory
Authors: Mu Huaiyu
Published: May 2018

This paper aims to explore watching English movies as an effective way of learning English for English learners to improve their English level on the basis of theoretical framework of the multimodal discourse analysis. Watching English movies can greatly stimulate English learners’ interest in learning English. In the process, they can get dual stimulation from visual and auditory senses by using the visual modality, auditory modality and tactile modality. Learners may acquire English knowledge in a relatively authentic language environment, and by listening to and imitating idiomatic English expressions, they can acquire cultural knowledge, further understand the culture, people's way of thinking and humanistic spirit and values of English-speaking countries, and thus improving their English level and ability of cross-cultural communication.
English Film Appreciation from the Perspective of Cross Cultural Communication
Authors: Wang Tianyu , Yu Gaofeng
Published: May 2018

Under the background of globalization, as a way of cultural propagation, movies reflect the elements of cross-culture everywhere. This passage takes original English films, Zootopia and Forrest Gump as examples to stress that English learners should pay attention to some recessive cross-cultural elements, in addition to the explicit cultural elements such as plot, dialogue and oral English.
COMPANHIA TRANS FECHADA: CASO DA DISSOLUÇÃO PARCIAL DA COMPANHIA DE CAPITAL ABERTO QUE ATUA COMO SE DE CAPITAL FECHADA FOSSE
Authors: Mendonça Saulo Bichara , Arruda Pablo Gonçalves e
Published: May 2018

A lei das sociedades por ações regulamenta o exercício do direito de retirada do sócio em caso de dissidência em relação a determinadas decisões assembleares. Recente decisão judicial, proferida de forma pioneira, autorizou a dissolução parcial de companhia de capital aberto que interagia no mercado como se de capital fechado fosse, como uma espécie de companhia trans fechada. O objeto deste artigo é a análise da forma pela qual a companhia de capital aberto deve administrar o desenvolvimento da atividade empresarial, permitindo que acionistas alcancem seu intuito de lucro. O objetivo deste estudo é escrutinar, a partir de um caso concreto, se o princípio da primazia da realidade sobre a forma pode servir como instrumento para defesa de direitos e interesses de acionistas prejudicados por atos de gestão praticados em companhia de capital aberto em desacordo com a diretriz legal. Considera-se a presente questão: Companhia de capital aberto pode ser dissolvida parcialmente, independente do que dispõem os artigos 137 e 136-A da lei nº 6.404/76? Tendo uma premissa inicial de que a resposta positiva encontrará fundamento em princípios de Direito que servirão para a releitura interpretativa da lei em tela, considerando o melhor interesse do acionista investidor nos termos da citada lei, considerada a partir de proposituras doutrinárias a fim de verificar a hipótese posta.
Study of infective morbidity following gynecological surgeries
Authors: Gavhane Satyajit P. , Bangal Vidyadhar B. , Gagare Swati D. , Kodlikeri Amey R.
Published: May 2018

Background: Post-operative wound infection is a common nosocomial infection all over the world. It is responsible for increase in physical and psychological stress to the patient. It also increases the cost of treatment due to prolonged hospitalization. Present study was carried to find out the post-operative wound infection, morbidity and the risk factors.Methods: Prospective cross sectional study was carried out at tertiary care teaching hospital for a period of six months. Consecutive 57 cases of surgical site infections (SSI) following obstetric and gynecological abdominal surgery were analyzed.Results: It was observed that the incidence of SSI was 2.8 percent. Overweight, previous laparotomy scars, emergency surgery and prolong labour were the common risk factors associated with the development of SSI. Certain epidemiological and environmental factors like under nutrition, rural  area residence, poverty, illiteracy, ignorance, poor general hygiene, Surgical site infections(SSI) were more commonly observed following emergency operations; laparotomies performed for large ovarian tumours, malignancies and ruptured ectopic pregnancies. Caesarean sections performed for prolong labour, prolong premature rupture membranes, prolonged second stage had more likelihood of development of sepsis. Occurrence of SSI resulted in significant prolongation of hospital stay.Conclusions: The incidence of SSI in the present study was within acceptable limits. Regular surveillance for SSI in the hospital and sensitization of staff regarding consequences of SSI would go a long way in further reduction in the rate of SSI.
Medical disorders in pregnancy and pregnancy outcome: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Shriastava Sushruta , Malik Nivedita
Published: May 2018

Background: Medical disorders, including hypertensive diseases, diabetes, thyroid disorders may exist prior to pregnancy or may manifest themselves for the first time during pregnancy.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of tertiary care hospital by reviewing all medical records of pregnant patients with medical disorders admitted for delivery from January 2016 to December 2016. Data collected was analysed using simple statistical measures like percentage and proportion.Results: Most common medical disorder was pregnancy induced hypertension and its complication seen in 43% of the females; followed by anaemia and hypothyroidism seen in 20% females respectively. Maximum perinatal morbidity was seen in females suffering with hypertensive disorders (53.4%), with 17(41.8%) IUGR and 6 (11.6%) intra uterine demise respectively. Following PIH, higher rate of perinatal morbidity was seen in anaemic females (50% IUGR).Conclusions: A detailed history taking and evaluation of all pregnant females at the first visit, regular antenatal follow-ups, investigations will help us to detect the pre-existing medical disorders or the pregnancy associated medical disorders in time. If the condition is detected early, it is easy to treat with very little detrimental effects to the mother and foetus.
Efficacy of esmolol and magnesium sulphate in attenuation of haemodynamic response during laryngoscopy and intubation: a clinical comparative study
Authors: Ray Arbind K. , Lahkar Babita , Sen Trina , Bharali Hrishikesh
Published: May 2018

Background: Hypertension and tachycardia accompanying laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation are deleterious, especially in patients with cardiovascular or intracranial diseases. The aim of the present study was to compare and evaluate the efficacy of magnesium sulphate and esmolol in attenuating the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.Methods: A prospective study was conducted with ninety patients undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia who were randomized into three groups of thirty patients each. Group I received 10 ml of 0.9% normal saline, group II received magnesium sulphate 50mg/kg body weight and group III received esmolol 2mg/kg body weight. The study drugs were administered intravenously over 30 seconds, 3 minutes prior to laryngoscopy. Induction was done with sodium thiopentone and endotracheal intubation was performed after one minute of administration of succinylcholine 1.5mg/kg. Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded from preinduction up till 10 minutes after intubation.Results: There was a significant rise in heart rate and blood pressure in group II as compared to group I.Conclusions: Esmolol is a better agent than magnesium sulphate to attenuate hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation.
An analysis of surgically treated cutaneous malignancies in central India
Authors: Jain Amar , Desai Sanjay , Ahmad Zeeshanuddin , Agrawal Deepak , Mehta Nikhil
Published: May 2018

Background: Cutaneous malignancies constitute one of the most common human malignancies. Annually, more than 400,000 people are diagnosed to have skin cancer. The skin cancers are classified into melanomas and non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC). In India, skin cancers constitute about 1-2% of all the diagnosed cancers. The present study was undertaken on 41 patients presented to tertiary health centre to measure the frequency of cutaneous malignancies in our set up, analyse the demographic profile of the patients, assess the associated morbidity and mortality, formulate the treatment protocols and collect actionable evidence base for evolving useful strategies to address this emerging public health issue.Methods: Present study was carried out in the Department of surgical oncology, Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences (SAIMS), Central India during the period from Jan 2015 to Dec 2017. The patients included in this study fulfilled the inclusion criteria which was first who presented with cutaneous malignancy confirmed by histopathology and surgical intervention.Results: Out of a total of 41 patients with various cutaneous malignancies, 53.7% (n=22) were males while 46.3 % (n=19) were females. The mean age was 53.92 years. There were 24 cases of SCC, 4 cases of BCC, 5 cases of malignant melanoma, two cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma, two cases of sebaceous and one case each of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, epithelioma, capillary haemangioma and poorly differentiated carcinoma respectively. Face was the most frequent site of involvement (n=17), followed by trunk (n=6), scalp (n=5), lower limb (n=5), genital (n=4), upper limb (n=3) and neck (n=1).Conclusions: Cutaneous malignancies are not uncommon in our set up. In our set up, SCC constitutes the leading type. Painless skin lesion of a relatively long duration is the usual presenting feature. There is intense need of mass awareness and to impart knowledge about the medical and socioeconomic implications of this emerging health issue. This will not only help to prevent the avoidable causes but also prompt early medical consultation in case an individual develops such skin lesions.
Dietary fat and cholesterol and risk of diabetes in older adults
Authors: Alqadheb Ahmad , Alsalman Noor , Noor Elahi Alaa , Alobaidan Mohammed , Shams Sarah , Alharthi Moeid , Banjar Ghadeer , Alasiri Reham , Yamani Rzaz , Al-Rasheed Rana
Published: May 2018

Type 2 diabetes is a major global public health issue, and the rapid increase in prevalence over the past decades is expected to continue. The present analysis aimed to investigate the relation between egg consumption and type 2 diabetes risk in older adults. We conducted this meta-analysis using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials till 01 February 2018 for prospective observational studies that assessed the relationship of the dietary fat and cholesterol and risk of diabetes in older adults. We identified 15 prospective studies that could be included in the meta-analysis. When comparing the highest with the lowest category of egg intake, pooled multivariate RRs of incident diabetes mellitus were 1.25 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.44) using a fixed-effect model and 1.12 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.56) using a random-effect model. There was evidence for heterogeneity (I2=75.8%, p<0.001). Our meta-analysis shows no relation between infrequent egg consumption and diabetes mellitus risk but suggests a modest elevated risk of diabetes mellitus with ≥3 eggs/wk that is restricted to US studies.
Определение индекса физического здоровья и анализ стрессоустойчивости у студентов специальной медицинской группы МГТУ имени Н.Э. Баумана
Authors: Величко Татьяна Ивановна , Михайлюк Елена Игоревна
Published: May 2018

В образовательном процессе вуза, главным фактором является сохранение и поддержание психического и физического здоровья студентов. У студентов специальной медицинской группы снижена физическая подготовленность, а она напрямую связана с работоспособностью организма. Технология «Навигатор здоровья» выявляет проблемные области, определив индекс физического здоровья.