bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First use of molecular evidence to match sexes in the Monstrilloida (Crustacea: Copepoda), and taxonomic implications of the newly recognized and described, partlyMaemonstrilla-like females ofMonstrillopsis longilobataLee, Kim & Chang, 2016
Authors: Jeon Donggu , Lim Donghyun , Lee Wonchoel , Soh Ho Young
Published: June 2018

Two forms of the monstrilloid copepod, one represented by males, the other by females, were dominant among the monstrilloids collected while sampling zooplankton with a light trap in southern coastal waters of Korea. Morphological examination revealed that the males are conspecific with the previously reported and rather specialized Korean speciesMonstrillopsis longilobataLee, Kim & Chang, 2016, hitherto known only from males that have extremely long genital lappets. The females also show several diagnostic features ofMonstrillopsis, such as prominent eyes, bilobed fifth legs with the inner lobe unarmed and reduced, and four urosomal somites. In addition, though, these females are extraordinary among all Monstrilloida in that their ovigerous spines are directed ventrally, not posteriorly as in most species or anteriorly as in those assigned toMaemonstrilla. Genetic divergence analyses based on partial mitochondrial cytochromecoxidase subunit I, complete Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1)–5.8S–ITS2, and partial 28S rRNA revealed little or no genetic divergence between the present males and females, thus demonstrating that they are mutually conspecific. The present report (1) provides the first morphological description of femaleM. longilobatawith the proposal of a revised nomenclature for antennular setal armament; (2) presents the molecular evidence for conspecificity of the males and females; and (3) lists several morphological characteristics that are sexually dimorphic in this species, and thus likely also in other monstrilloids. Matters bearing on the validity of the generaHaemocera,Monstrillopsis, andMaemonstrillaare discussed.
Increased chronic kidney disease development and progression in diabetic patients after appendectomy: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Chang Chin-Hua , Kor Chew-Teng , Wu Chia-Lin , Chiu Ping-Fang , Li Jhao-Rong , Tsai Chun-Chieh , Chang Teng-Hsiang , Chang Chia-Chu
Published: June 2018

Background

The vermiform appendix serves as a “safe house” for maintaining normal gut bacteria and appendectomy may impair the intestinal microbiota. Appendectomy is expected to profoundly alter the immune system and modulate the pathogenic inflammatory immune responses of the gut. Recent studies have shown that a dysbiotic gut increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, we hypothesized that appendectomy would increase the risk of CKD.

Methods

This nationwide, population-based, propensity-score-matched cohort study included 10,383 patients who underwent appendectomy and 41,532 propensity-score-matched controls. Data were collected by the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan from 2000 to 2013. We examined the associations between appendectomy and CKD and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The major outcome was a new diagnosis of CKD based on an outpatient diagnosis made at least three times or hospital discharge diagnosis made once during the follow-up period. ESRD was defined as undergoing dialysis therapy for at least 90 days, as in previous studies.

Results

The incidence rates of CKD and ESRD were higher in the appendectomy group than in the control cohort (CKD: 6.52 vs. 5.93 per 1,000 person-years, respectively; ESRD: 0.49 vs. 0.31 per 1,000 person-years, respectively). Appendectomy patients also had a higher risk of developing CKD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.13; 95% CI [1.01–1.26];P = 0.037) and ESRD (aHR 1.59; 95% CI [1.06–2.37];P = 0.024) than control group patients. Subgroup analysis showed that appendectomy patients with concomitant diabetes mellitus (aHR 2.08;P = 0.004) were at higher risk of incident ESRD than those without diabetes mellitus. The interaction effects of appendectomy and diabetes mellitus were significant for ESRD risk (P = 0.022); no interaction effect was found for CKD risk (P = 0.555).

Conclusions

Appendectomy increases the risk of developing CKD and ESRD, especially in diabetic patients. Physicians should pay close attention to renal function prognosis in appendectomy patients.
Telechelic Polymers
Authors: Pröll Constantin , Nuyken Oskar
Published: June 2018

This article presents commonly used synthetic routes and strategies toward polymers or oligomers with well‐defined functional end groups, specified as telechelics. It is to mention that mainly literature since 2000 until present has been considered. Telechelic polymers with diverse end groups are available via anionic and cationic polymerization as well as via controlled radical polymerization, including nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization. Furthermore, metathesis strategies such as ring‐opening metathesis polymerization and acyclic diene metathesis are presented. In addition, selected examples using chain scission to form such well‐defined functionalities are described. Finally, step‐growth polymerization and the synthesis of macromolecular telechelics are outlined.
Ethylene Oxide Polymers: Synthesis, Modification, Topology, and Applications
Authors: Shen Hongying , Wang Guowei
Published: June 2018

This article reviews the synthesis, modification, topology, and applications of ethylene oxide polymers (PEGs). The synthetic strategies presented involve the anionic ring‐opening polymerization, cationic ring‐opening polymerization, coordination polymerization, aluminum‐activated polymerization, and metal‐free polymerization. The modification concerns themPEG derivatives, telechelic and heterotelechelic PEG. PEGs topologies discussed are focused on the block, star‐shaped, hyperbranched, and dendrimer‐like polymers. Based on the well‐defined modification and topology construction of PEGs, their applications in bioconjugation (or PEGylation) and pharmaceutical field, as well as in solid electrolyte, separation science, and support resins are presented. The article aims to help the readers to comprehensively understand the recent progress on PEGs and motivate further interest on these “evergreen” polymers.
Polymersomes: Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Poma Alessandro , Pei Yiwen , Ruiz‐Perez Lorena , Rizzello Loris , Battaglia Giuseppe
Published: June 2018

Compartmentalization, that is the separation into discrete compartments deputed to absolve precise functions, is paramount for most biological systems. Natural cells possess suitable structures called membranes, formed by amphiphilic molecules. In an effort to mimic and improve these structures and exploit them for research, diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, about 20 years ago thepolymersome technologywas born. Polymersomes are self‐assembled structures formed by synthetic amphiphilic block copolymers. Their physicochemical characteristics make them extremely attractive nanosystems for loading and delivering all sorts of cargos, ranging from small drug molecules and reporters to proteins to DNA, all the way up to the actual generation of artificial cell organelles. In this chapter, we will discuss different aspects related to this technology, ranging from synthetic polymer chemistry up to polymersome production and cargo encapsulation approaches, and eventually concluding with their physicochemical behavior and latest biological applications.
Enhanced expression of thioredoxin‐interacting‐protein regulates oxidative DNA damage and aging
Authors: Oberacker Tina , Bajorat Jörg , Ziola Sabine , Schroeder Anne , Röth Daniel , Kastl Lena , Edgar Bruce A. , Wagner Wolfgang , Gülow Karsten , Krammer Peter H.
Published: June 2018

The “free radical theory of aging” suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are responsible for age‐related loss of cellular functions and, therefore, represent the main cause of aging. Redox regulation by thioredoxin‐1 (TRX) plays a crucial role in responses to oxidative stress. We show that thioredoxin‐interacting protein (TXNIP), a negative regulator of TRX, plays a major role in maintaining the redox status and, thereby, influences aging processes. This role of TXNIP is conserved from flies to humans. Age‐dependent upregulation of TXNIP results in decreased stress resistance to oxidative challenge in primary human cells and in Drosophila. Experimental overexpression of TXNIP in flies shortens lifespan due to elevated oxidative DNA damage, whereas downregulation of TXNIP enhances oxidative stress resistance and extends lifespan.
Self‐Healing of Polymers via Supramolecular Chemistry
Authors: Yang Ying , Urban Marek W.
Published: June 2018

Recent advances of supramolecular chemistry utilized in the development of self‐healing polymers have revealed that the rate and equilibrium constants of bond dissociation/re‐association, bonding directionality, chain relaxation time, decay rate of chain relaxation after damage, and cluster formation may impact the healing efficiency in a given environment. This review provides an assessment of supramolecular chemistries responsible for self‐healing using H‐bonding, metal–ligand, host–guest, ionic, π–π, and hydrophobic interactions. The impact of these chemistries on self‐healing is examined for various polymeric systems with multifunctional applications which are unique to supramolecular networks. This review also discusses the driving forces leading to physical damage closure in the context of supramolecular bond dynamics, providing insights into the design principles to achieve efficient recovery.
External Oxidant‐Free Regioselective Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling of 2‐Arylimidazoheterocycles and Azoles with H2 Evolution via Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Chen Hong , Yi Hong , Tang Zilu , Bian Changliang , Zhang Heng , Lei Aiwen
Published: June 2018

In this work, we achieved a site‐selective amination of 2‐arylimidazoheterocycles on the C3 position using photo‐induced external oxidant‐free strategy. The C−N bond formation with H2 evolution was realized via the oxidative C−H/N−H coupling. This protocol may have significant implications in the late‐modification of complicated drug molecules. In addition, we also used CV and DFT calculations to study the mechanism, which showed that the arene radical cation played an important role in accelerating the C−H amination process.

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Early Complications Following Facial Laceration Repair Performed by Emergency Physicians After One Year of Wound Closure Training
Authors: Yamamoto Ryo , Homma Koichiro , Masuzawa Yuya , Shimizu Chikako , Ogata Toshio , Hori Shingo , Sasaki Junichi
Published: June 2018

Objective

Facial lacerations, which are common in the emergency department, have usually been repaired by non–facial trauma specialists, such as emergency physicians. Given the ongoing discussion regarding quality assurance or the optimal training model on facial laceration repair for nonspecialists, we sought to determine the impact of a 1‐year wound closure training provided to emergency physicians. We hypothesized a decrease in early complications following facial wound closure after the training.

Methods

A retrospective observational study was conducted between 2013 and 2015 at an academic center. We included patients with isolated facial lacerations that were repaired by emergency physicians and reviewed by board‐certified plastic surgeons during a follow‐up visit. Patients whose wounds were not reviewed within 3 days were excluded. The 1‐year training curriculum, which consisted of several sessions of lecture, hands‐on practice, and case review, had been developed by a multidisciplinary team and provided to emergency physicians. Patient data were divided between nonparticipant and participant groups, and a propensity score was developed to estimate the probability of being assigned to the participant group. The incidence of early complications, defined as the need for additional suturing or resuturing due to wound dehiscence, was compared among the groups after propensity score matching.

Results

Although 132 patients satisfied all the inclusion criteria, 11 were excluded due to delayed initial wound review. Among the 70 patients who were eventually included in the participant group, 40 were matched with those in the nonparticipant group. The incidence of early complications was significantly lower in the participant group than in the nonparticipant group (5.0% vs. 20.0%, odds ratio = 0.21, 95% confidence interval = 0.07–0.61, p = 0.04).

Conclusions

The 1‐year training provided to emergency physicians reduced the incidence of early complications following facial laceration repair. Accordingly, future wound closure training models should consider the 1‐year training curriculum presented herein.
Comprehensive phylogenomic analysis reveals a novel cluster of simian endogenous retroviral sequences in Colobinae monkeys
Authors: Ikeda Masaki , Satomura Kazuhiro , Sekizuka Tsuyoshi , Hanada Kentaro , Endo Toshinori , Osada Naoki
Published: June 2018

Simian retrovirus (SRV) is a type‐D betaretrovirus infectious to the Old World monkeys causing a variety of symptoms. SRVs are also present in the Old World monkey genomes as endogenous forms, which are referred to as Simian endogenous retroviruses (SERVs). Although many SERV sequences have been identified in Cercopithecinae genomes, with potential of encoding all functional genes, the distribution of SERVs in genomes and evolutionary relationship between exogeneous SRVs and SERVs remains unclear. In this study, we comprehensively investigated seven draft genome sequences of the Old World monkeys, and identified a novel cluster of SERVs in the two Rhinopithecus (R. roxellana and R. bieti) genomes, which belong to the Colobinae subfamily. The Rhinopithecus genomes harbored higher copy numbers of SERVs than the Cercopithecinae genomes. A reconstructed phylogenetic tree showed that the Colobinae SERVs formed a distinct cluster from SRVs and Cercopithecinae SERVs, and more closely related to exogenous SRVs than Cercopithecinae SERVs. Three radical amino acid substitutions specific to Cercopithecinae SERVs, which potentially affect the infectious ability of SERVs, were also identified in the proviral envelope protein. In addition, we found many integration events of SERVs were genus‐ or species‐specific, suggesting the recent activity of SERVs in the Old World monkey genomes. The results suggest that SERVs in Cercopithecinae and Colobinae monkeys were endogenized after the divergence of subfamilies and do not transmit across subfamilies. Our findings also support the hypothesis that Colobinae SERVs are direct ancestors of SRV‐6, which has a different origin from the other exogenous SRVs. These findings shed novel insight into the evolutionary history of SERVs, and may help to understand the process of endogenization of SRVs.
Altering Copper‐Catalyzed A3 Couplings by Mechanochemistry: One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,4‐Diamino‐2‐butynes from Aldehydes, Amines, and Calcium Carbide
Authors: Turberg Mathias , Ardila‐Fierro Karen J. , Bolm Carsten , Hernández José G.
Published: June 2018

The ability of mechanochemistry to alter established chemical selectivity is demonstrated. A copper(I)‐catalyzed mechanochemical aldehyde/alkyne/amine coupling using calcium carbide as the acetylene source provides selective access to 1,4‐diamino‐2‐butynes, which contrasts classical approaches that provide propargylamine‐type products. Solventless milling conditions were found to be essential to unmask A3 coupling products with new compositions.
A Methylthio‐Functionalized‐MOF Photocatalyst with High Performance for Visible‐Light‐Driven H2 Evolution
Authors: Han Shu‐Yan , Pan Dong‐Lai , Chen Hui , Bu Xian‐Bao , Gao Yi‐Xuan , Gao Hui , Tian Yang , Li Gui‐Sheng , Wang Guo , Cao Sheng‐Li , Wan Chong‐Qing , Guo Guo‐Cong
Published: June 2018

Recently, the emergence of photoactive metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has given great prospects for their applications as photocatalytic materials in visible‐light‐driven hydrogen evolution. Herein, a highly photoactive visible‐light‐driven material for H2 evolution was prepared by introducing methylthio terephthalate into a MOF lattice via solvent‐assisted ligand‐exchange method. Accordingly, a first methylthio‐functionalized porous MOF decorated with Pt co‐catalyst for efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution was achieved, which exhibited a high quantum yield (8.90 %) at 420 nm by use sacrificial triethanolamine. This hybrid material exhibited perfect H2 production rate as high as 3814.0 μmol g−1 h−1, which even is one order of magnitude higher than that of the state‐of‐the‐art Pt/MOF photocatalyst derived from aminoterephthalate.
Tuning the Conformation and Color of Conjugated Polyheterocyclic Skeletons by Installing ortho‐Methyl Groups
Authors: Zhang Zhiyun , Chen Chi‐Lin , Chen Yi‐An , Wei Yu‐Chen , Su Jianhua , Tian He , Chou Pi‐Tai
Published: June 2018

ortho‐Methyl effects are exploited to tune steric hindrance between side‐chain N,N′‐diaryls and polycyclic dihydrodibenzo[a,c]phenazine, and in turn control the conformations of N,N′‐diphenyl‐dihydrodibenzo[a,c]phenazine (DPAC) and its ortho‐methyl derivatives Mx‐My (x=0, 1 or 2, y=1 or 2, x and y correlate with the number of methyl groups in the ortho‐positiond of N,N′‐diphenyl). The magnitude of steric hindrance increases as x and y increase, and the V‐shaped dihydrodibenzo[a,c]phenazine skeleton is gradually tuned from a bent (DPAC) to planar (M2‐M2) structure in the ground state. As a result, the relaxation of the excited‐state structure of DPAC and its numerous analogues could be mimicked by model structures Mx‐My, demonstrating for the first time the the conformation change from bent‐to‐planar and hence a large range of energy‐gap tuning of polycyclic conjugated structures controlled by the steric hindrance.
Glycogen at the Crossroad of Stress Resistance, Energy Maintenance, and Pathophysiology of Aging
Authors: Gusarov Ivan , Nudler Evgeny
Published: June 2018

Glycogen is synthesized and stored to maintain postprandial blood glucose homeostasis and to ensure an uninterrupted energy supply between meals. Although the regulation of glycogen turnover has been well studied, the effects of glycogen on aging and disease development have been largely unexplored. In Caenorhabditis elegans fed a high sugar diet, glycogen potentiates resistance to oxidants, but paradoxically, shortens lifespan. Depletion of glycogen by oxidants or inhibition of glycogen synthesis extends the lifespan of worms by an AMPK‐dependent mechanism. Thus, glycogen is not merely an inert storage molecule, but also an active regulator of energy balance and aging. Its depletion by oxidants may be beneficial in the treatment of hyperglycemia and glycogen‐related diseases.
Surveillance of Retroelement Expression and Nucleic‐Acid Immunity by Histone Methyltransferase SETDB1
Authors: Kang Yong‐Kook
Published: June 2018

In human cancers, histone methyltransferase SETDB1 (SET domain, bifurcated 1) is frequently overexpressed but its significance in carcinogenesis remains elusive. A recent study shows that SETDB1 downregulation induces de‐repression of retroelements and innate immunity in cancer cells. The possibility of SETDB1 functioning as a surveillant of retroelement expression is discussed in this study: the cytoplasmic presence of retroelement‐derived nucleic acids (RdNAs) drives SETDB1 into the nucleus by the RNA‐interference route, rendering the corresponding retroelement transcriptionally inert. These RdNAs could, therefore, be signals of genome instability sent out for SETDB1 present in the cytoplasm to maintain genome integrity.
Modular pathway engineering of key carbon‐precursor supply‐pathways for improved N‐acetylneuraminic acid production in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Zhang Xiaolong , Liu Yanfeng , Liu Long , Wang Miao , Li Jianghua , Du Guocheng , Chen Jian
Published: June 2018

N‐acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) is widely used as a nutraceutical for facilitating infant brain development, maintaining brain health, and enhancing immunity. Currently, NeuAc is mainly produced by extraction from egg yolk and milk, or via chemical synthesis. However, its low concentration in natural resources and its non‐ecofriendly chemical synthesis result in insufficient NeuAc production and environmental pollution, respectively. In this study, improved NeuAc production was attained via modular pathway engineering of the supply pathways of two key precursors—N‐acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)—and by balancing NeuAc biosynthesis and cell growth in engineered Bacillus subtilis. Specifically, we used a previously constructed GlcNAc‐producing B. subtilis as the initial host for NeuAc biosynthesis. First, we constructed a de novo NeuAc biosynthetic pathway utilizing glucose by coexpressing glucosamine‐6‐phosphate acetyl‐transferase (GNA1), N‐acetylglucosamine 2‐epimerase (AGE), and N‐acetylneuraminic acid synthase (NeuB), resulting in 0.33 g/l NeuAc production. Next, to balance the supply of the two key precursors for NeuAc biosynthesis, modular pathway engineering was performed. The optimal strategy for balancing the GlcNAc module and PEP supply module involved the use of an engineered, unique glucose and malate coutilization pathway in B. subtilis, supplied with both glucose (for the GlcNAc moiety) and malate (for the PEP moiety) at high strength. This led to 1.65 g/L NeuAc production, representing a 5.0‐fold improvement over the existing methods. Furthermore, to enhance the NeuAc yield on cell, glucose and malate coutilization pathways were engineered to balance NeuAc biosynthesis and cell growth via the blocking of glycolysis, the introduction of the Entner–Doudoroff pathway, and the overexpression of the malic enzyme YtsJ. NeuAc titer reached 2.18 g/L, with 0.38 g/g dry cell weight NeuAc yield on cell, which represented a 1.32‐fold and 2.64‐fold improvement over the existing methods, respectively. The strategy of modular pathway engineering of key carbon precursor supply pathways via engineering of the unique glucose‐malate coutilization pathway in B. subtilis should be generically applicable for engineering of B. subtilis for the production of other important biomolecules. Our study also provides a good starting point for further metabolic engineering to achieve industrial production of NeuAc by a Generally Regarded As Safe bacterial strain.
Low‐pH production of d‐lactic acid using newly isolated acid tolerant yeast Pichia kudriavzevii NG7
Authors: Park Hyun Joo , Bae Jung‐Hoon , Ko Hyeok‐Jin , Lee Sun‐Hee , Sung Bong Hyun , Han Jong‐In , Sohn Jung‐Hoon
Published: June 2018

Lactic acid is a platform chemical for the sustainable production of various materials. To develop a robust yeast platform for low‐pH production of d‐lactic acid (LA), an acid‐tolerant yeast strain was isolated from grape skins and named Pichia kudriavzevii NG7 by ribosomal RNA sequencing. This strain could grow at pH 2.0 and 50°C. For the commercial application of P. kudriavzevii NG7 as a lactic acid producer, the ethanol fermentation pathway was redirected to lactic acid by replacing the pyruvate decarboxylase 1 gene (PDC1) with the d‐lactate dehydrogenase gene (d‐LDH) derived from Lactobacillus plantarum. To enhance lactic acid tolerance, this engineered strain was adapted to high lactic acid concentrations, and a new transcriptional regulator, PAR1, responsible for acid tolerance, was identified by whole‐genome resequencing. The final engineered strain produced 135 g/L and 154 g/L of d‐LA with productivity over 3.66 g/L/hr at pH 3.6 and 4.16 g/L/hr at pH 4.7, respectively.
A Density Functional Theory Study of an Exciplex: Pyridine and Benzene
Authors: Kim Dongwook
Published: June 2018

An exciplex formation of pyridine and benzene complex in cofacial configuration was investigated at time‐dependent density functional theory level within Tamm–Dancoff approximation using ωB97X functional in conjunction with 6–311++G(d,p) basis sets. Unlike the benzene excimer, calculated potential energy surfaces for the lowest‐lying singlet excited states for this complex show double minima, corresponding to a simple excited complex and an exciplex, respectively. While the former is associated with the localized exciton characterized as the n–π* transition of pyridine, the latter is linked to the significant electronic coupling between the π–π* transitions of constituting individual molecules. Despite its obvious presence, the net charge transfer character from benzene to pyridine is not such significant as expected; wave function delocalization of exciton and hence reduced orbital energy gap are found to play more pivotal role in the exciplex formation of this complex.
The forgotten emotion: An investigation into the lived experience of anger in young men
Authors: Barber Tom
Published: June 2018

Background

While substantial research exists into the personal and social effects of anger, relatively little illuminates young men's lived experiences with this emotion. Much of this literature focuses on women's experiences, while few studies have been conducted by clinical practitioners.

Research Aim

The aim of this research was to explore the lived experience of problematic anger in young men from a phenomenological perspective. It sought to provide insights into what angers young men, how anger affects them psychologically, emotionally and physiologically, and what they do when they experience anger.

Method

Qualitative phenomenological research was conducted using semi‐structured interviews with a sample of six male participants between the ages of 20 and 25 years. The accounts were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA).

Key Findings

Three main themes were identified. Theme one explores how participants’ anger impacts both their sense of agency and their physical sensations. Theme two illuminated how anger affects participants’ changing self‐concept, their loss of awareness and control and sense of responsibility for actions taken. Theme three highlighted how participants attempt to regain composure.

Conclusion

This study addresses the paucity of research into the lived experiences of anger in young men. The findings suggest that anger is an intensely dynamic experience that unfolds with a cumulative impact on young men's ability to retain control over their sense of self, as experienced in time, space, their bodies and relationally.
Moral (dis)engagement with anthropogenic climate change in online comments on newspaper articles
Authors: Woods Ruth , Coen Sharon , Fernández Ana
Published: June 2018

Anthropogenic climate change (ACC) is widely acknowledged to be morally significant, but little is known about everyday moralising around ACC. We addressed this gap via quantified thematic analysis of 300 online comments to British newspaper articles on ACC, drawing on Bandura's moral disengagement theory. Moral disengagement through denial of ACC was widespread. Other disengagement strategies, such as palliative comparison and diminishing agency, occurred less often. There was also some moral engagement, most often through assertions of the existence of ACC and/or its harmful effects. Moral disengagement was significantly more common in comments on right wing than left wing newspapers, whereas the opposite was true of moral engagement. Although Bandura's framework provided a useful starting point to make sense of ACC moralising, it did not capture moral concerns that extended beyond its “harm/care” remit. In particular, many “denial” comments included a “dishonesty” discourse, whereby ACC proponents were accused of deception for ulterior motives. To classify this discourse as moral disengagement obscures its engagement with a different set of moral issues around trust and honesty. We suggest that Bandura's theory represents one possible “moral landscape” around ACC and could be extended to encompass a broader range of moral concerns.
Prenatal diagnosis of a rare de novo 1q22‐q25.1 chromosomal deletion syndrome using oligo array CGH
Authors: Shariati Gholamreza , Saberi Alihossein , Hamid Mohammad , Galehdari Hamid , Sedaghat Alireza , Abdorasuli Nehzat
Published: June 2018

Key Clinical Message

We present prenatal diagnosis of a case with a rare de novo interstitial deletion of 1q21‐q25.1 by oligo array CGH and provide detailed information on unbalanced gene content and the breakpoints. The affected fetus was delivered at 37 weeks’ gestation with a unique clinical phenotype.
Kidney hump, no need to jump!
Authors: Koratala Abhilash , Bhattacharya Deepti
Published: June 2018

Key Clinical Message

Dromedary hump is a prominent focal bulge on the lateral border of the left kidney caused by splenic impression, which can mimic renal neoplasm. It is a benign anatomic variant and exhibits the same imaging characteristics as adjacent renal cortex with normal blood flow pattern on Doppler sonography.
ONIOM Study for Selectivity of Extractants for Extraction of Rare‐Earth Metals
Authors: Dash Swagatika , Mohanty Swati
Published: June 2018

A hybrid molecular modelling technique, the ONIOM method, has been used to study the selectivity of various extractants for the extraction of La3+ and Nd3+. MM calculations have been done for the environmental system, whereas DFT calculation has been carried out for the model system. The total ONIOM energy of the metal‐ligand complexes was calculated and the selectivity of La3+ and Nd3+ for D2EPHA, Cyanex 272 as well as PC88A determined based on the interaction energy. The lower energy for Nd complexes compared to La complexes for all three extractants shows preference of Nd over La. The ONIOM calculations infer the stability of the metal complexes in the order of D2EPHA >PC88A >Cyanex 272, which agrees well with the experimental results for both metal ions.
Traditionell oder vegetarisch? – „Es geht um die Wurst!“ im GreenLab_OS
Authors: Beeken Marco , Walf Swantje , Budke Michael
Published: June 2018

Schülerlabore an Universitäten erfreuen sich großer Beliebtheit und stellen wertvolle Angebote dar, um den Schulalltag für Schülerinnen und Schüler gewinnbringend zu erweitern. Dennoch existieren Grenzen, wie zum Beispiel hohe Fahrtkosten und lange Fahrtzeiten, die einen Besuch eines außerschulischen Lernortes für Schulen unattraktiv gestalten könnten. Das GreenLab_OS stellt einen außerschulischen Lernort dar, der als stationäres und auch mobiles Lern‐Lehr‐Labor konzipiert ist und zu aktuellen Themen der Nachhaltigkeit, den Erkenntnissen von Pisa und den Vorgaben der Bildungspolitik gestaltet wurde. In diesem Artikel soll zunächst das Konzept und ein Tagesablauf mit den dazugehörigen Experimenten des Schülerlabors vorgestellt werden. Besonders ist, dass dieses Angebot in gleicher Weise sowohl an der Universität, als auch an Schulen angeboten wird. Die Begleitforschung zum GreenLab_OS hat als Ziel, das stationäre Schülerlabor mit der mobilen Variante zu vergleichen. Dabei soll erhoben werden, ob ein mobiles Schülerlabor für die Schülerinnen und Schüler eine Alternative zu stationären Angeboten darstellt und vielleicht sogar zu höheren motivationalen Effekten für den Fachunterricht führen kann. Die Ergebnisse dazu sollen in einem Folgeartikel erscheinen.
Right ventricular base/apex ratio in the assessment of pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension: Results from the European Pediatric Pulmonary Vascular Disease Network
Authors: Koestenberger Martin , Avian Alexander , Gamillscheg Andreas , Sallmon Hannes , Grangl Gernot , Burmas Ante , Schweintzger Sabrina , Kurath‐Koller Stefan , Cvirn Gerhard , Hansmann Georg
Published: June 2018

Background

Echocardiographic determination of RV end‐systolic base/apex (RVES b/a) ratio was proposed to be of clinical value for assessment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in adults.

Hypothesis

We hypothesized that the RVES b/a ratio will be affected in children with PAH and aimed to correlate RVES b/a ratio with conventionally used echocardiographic and hemodynamic variables, and with New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class.

Methods

First we determined normal pediatric values for RVES b/a ratio in 157 healthy children (68 males; age range, 0.5–17.7 years). We then conducted an echocardiographic study in 51 children with PAH (29 males; age range, 0.3–17.8 years).

Results

RVES b/a ratio was lower compared with age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (P < 0.001). In children with PAH, RVES b/a ratio decreased with worsening NYHA class. RVES b/a ratio inversely correlated with RV/LV end‐systolic diameter ratio (ρ = −0.450, P = 0.001) but did not correlate with RV systolic function parameters (eg, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion) and correlated with cardiac catheterization–determined pulmonary vascular resistance index (ρ = −0.571, P < 0.001). ROC analysis unraveled excellent performance of RVES b/a ratio to detect PAH in children (AUC: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.89–1.00, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The RVES b/a ratio decreased in children with PAH compared with age‐ and sex‐matched healthy subjects. The RVES b/a ratio inversely correlated with both echocardiographic and hemodynamic indicators of increased RV pressure afterload and with NYHA class, suggesting that RVES b/a ratio reflects disease severity in PAH children.
Phytoremediation of Petroleum‐Contaminated Soils byVetiveria zizanioides(L.) Nash
Authors: Rajaei Saeideh , Seyedi Seyed Mahdi
Published: June 2018

Phytoremediation of petroleum and its derivatives has frequently been regarded as a practical, eco‐friendly alternative to the clean‐up of petroleum‐contaminated soils. In this study,Vetiveria zizanioides(L.) Nash (vetiver) is shown to efficiently remediate two petroleum‐contaminated soils; fresh contamination (FC) with 3500 mg kg−1aliphatic petroleum hydrocarbons (APH), and aged contamination (AC) with 700 mg kg−1. An 88.5% reduction in the concentration of APH is observed in both contaminated soils where vetiver are grown for 15 months. Vetiver vegetation also doubled (FC) and tripled (AC) the bioavailability of contaminants as compared with unvegetated soils, as determined by the release of APH into the soil solution. The carbon availability index increased in both vegetated soils (≈1), and the microbial biomass carbon shows a three‐ and five‐fold increase in vegetated soils FC and AC, respectively, leading to a fourfold decline in the metabolic quotient. The mRNA level ofnosZ gene increased significantly in the soils under vetiver vegetation, and was correlated with the accumulation of APH in the soil solution; this probably demonstrates the role of hydrocarbon bioavailability in promoting biological processes and biodegradation. It is concluded that vetiver vegetation increased hydrocarbons bioavailability and hence raised the extent of biodegradation hydrocarbons in the soil.
Dispositional self‐compassion and responses to mood challenge in people at risk for depressive relapse/recurrence
Authors: Karl Anke , Williams Matthew J. , Cardy Jessica , Kuyken Willem , Crane Catherine
Published: June 2018

This paper explores the relationship between dispositional self‐compassion and cognitive emotion regulation capacities in individuals with a history of depression. Study 1 (n = 403) established that self‐compassion was associated with increased use of positive and decreased use of negative strategies, with small to medium sized correlations. Study 2 (n = 68) was an experimental study examining the association between dispositional self‐compassion, use of cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and changes in mood and self‐devaluation in participants exposed to a negative mood induction followed by mood repair (mindfulness, rumination, silence). Individuals with higher levels of dispositional self‐compassion showed greater mood recovery after mood induction, and less self‐devaluation across the experimental procedure, independent of their mood‐repair condition or habitual forms of cognitive emotion regulation. These results suggest that self‐compassion is associated with more adaptive responses to mood challenges in individuals with a history of recurrent depression.
Singlet Oxygen Photosensitizing Materials for Point‐of‐Use Water Disinfection with Solar Reactors
Authors: García‐Fresnadillo David
Published: June 2018

Singlet molecular oxygen (1O2) is a potent electrophile and a strong oxidizing agent and can be easily generated by photosensitization via illumination of appropriate dyes with visible light. This short‐lived reactive oxygen species is able to photooxidize many electron‐rich organic compounds and, therefore, 1O2 can damage many cellular components, such as membrane lipids, proteins and DNA, causing the photoinactivation of microorganisms in water. This Review summarises the most relevant work to date on solar water disinfection by photocatalytic 1O2 production, using photosensitizing materials suitable for their use in solar reactors for water treatment. The prototypes were equipped with compound parabolic collectors of sunlight and designed for point‐of‐use water treatment. The choice of the type of dye (RuII complexes or fullerenes) and polymeric support for the preparation of the 1O2 photosensitizing material, as well as the most important photophysical and operational parameters to be optimized to achieve efficient water disinfection with solar reactors, will be discussed.
Iron(III) N,N‐Dialkylcarbamate‐Catalyzed Formation of Cyclic Carbonates from CO2 and Epoxides under Ambient Conditions by Dynamic CO2 Trapping as Carbamato Ligands
Authors: Bresciani Giulio , Bortoluzzi Marco , Marchetti Fabio , Pampaloni Guido
Published: June 2018

Easily available and inexpensive FeIII carbamates were employed in the solvent‐free synthesis of a series of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2 at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, in the presence of a cocatalyst. Different experimental conditions (type and concentration of catalyst and cocatalyst, as well as reaction time) were investigated: Fe(O2CNEt2)3 and NBu4Br acted as the best catalyst/cocatalyst combination, allowing the formation of propylene carbonate and 1,2‐butylene carbonate with quantitative yield and selectivity in 24 h. According to NMR and DFT studies, the reaction proceeds with the dynamic trapping of carbon dioxide as a carbamato ligand.
Non‐destructive assessment of retaining wall of former coal mine plant
Authors: Wiggenhauser Herbert , Behrens Matthias , Moser Dorothee , Moryson Ralf M. , Pudovikov Sergey , Herrmann Hans‐Georg
Published: June 2018

A large retaining wall (appr. 9 m high and 286 m long) of a former coal mine has been investigated using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), with two low frequency antennas (200 and 400 MHz), and Large Aperture UltraSound (LAUS) to gather information about the condition and inner structure of the wall. Three vertical lines were selected in representative areas of the wall to evaluate the usefulness of Non‐Destructive Testing (NDT) with these two methods. The LAUS results showed the layer structure at one line where the wall was enforced by a concrete shell and were unspecific regarding the inner structure beyond the first layer. GPR results were able to be collected much faster and showed some internal features. Penetration was limited to 2–3 m due to the high absorption in the material.
Out‐of‐plane bending moments in masonry walls – Analysis of different calculation methods
Authors: Mazur René , Graubner Carl‐Alexander
Published: June 2018

In the course of the revision of EN 1996‐1‐1, a new proposal has been made for the calculation of internal forces in frame‐type structures for the determination of bending moments due to slab rotation. In addition to a stiffness reduction for masonry walls in conjunction with the special features of partially supported slabs, which is already usual in Germany, the calculated ever‐present minimum loadbearing capacity of a wall is also increased due to a reduction of the maximum applied load eccentricity. Another major change is the direct implementation of wind loads in the method to determine the internal forces.

To ensure that these changes do not lead to a safety deficit or an uneconomic reduction of the loadbearing capacity compared with the current situation, the results of extensive comparative calculations are presented. In addition, it is examined whether the proposal could conflict with further investigations to extend the conditions for application of the simplified design procedures according to EN 1996‐3. It is shown that the new draft provides similar results to the current method and that there are no concerns about its application. Also, the investigations to extend the conditions for application of the simplified calculation methods can be based on the new proposal without concerns.
Concept for determining the load‐bearing capacity of a window fixing
Authors: Scheller Eckehard , Küenzlen Jürgen , Becker Rainer
Published: June 2018

In recent years the fixing of windows in masonry, in particular in hollow or perforated masonry with thin webs and/or insulation filling, has become a demanding task for which a prior structural design is recommended. For the design of a modern window fixing, a test‐based calculation model was developed on the basis of which an approval was granted.

This article was first published in Bautechnik 95 (2018), issue 4, pp. 296–307.
AAMC report provides key insights of medical schools' responsibilities
Authors: Charmatz Marc
Published: June 2018

The American Association of Medical Colleges published “Accessibility, Inclusion, and Action in Medical Education Lived Experiences of Learners and Physicians With Disabilities” in March 2018. The document provides key insight on the responsibilities of medical schools to comply with Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act. The report notes that.
Empower, rather than rescue, students on the path to college success
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: June 2018

Traci Tuttle, Ed.D., is the director of the PLUS program and the Disability Education Office at Muskingum University. The PLUS program is a comprehensive support services program for students with learning differences.
A national snapshot of testing accommodation offices
Authors: Barefield Trisha
Published: June 2018

In October 2017, I conducted a survey to gather information about the policies, characteristics, and growth of testing accommodations offices. The intent of the survey was to gather data on these offices that have become prevalent in higher education institutions and assess the current state of the field nationally. This article provides an overview of the survey results.
Supporting a comprehensive and coordinated evaluation of the elderly with diabetes by integrating cognitive and physical assessment in the evaluation process
Authors: Natovich Rachel , Gayus Noa , Azmon Michal , Michal Hila , Twito Omri Gury , Yair Tomer , Achiron Romi Noy , Kraviz Neta , Mordenfeld Nadia , Cukierman‐Yaffe Tali
Published: June 2018

Background

Successful ageing with diabetes is challenged by co‐morbidities, which may present barriers to self‐care. Currently, measurement of physical and cognitive status is not part of routine care of the older person with diabetes, and these are not taken into account when devising the treatment plan.

Objective

To describe a novel approach that integrates cognitive and physical assessment into the routine evaluation of the older person with diabetes and the tailor‐made treatment plan devised accordingly. To provide estimates of the relative contribution of cognitive and physical disabilities in this population.

Methods

Cognitive and physical assessments were added to the standard evaluation. A composite measure of cognitive and of physical status categorizing each individual to intact, mild, or severe impairment was generated. In addition, all recommendations provided were categorized and tabulated.

Results

Of 119 individuals, over the age of 60 with type 2 diabetes who were referred because of difficulties in managing their disease, 16% and 3% of individuals met the criteria for severe cognitive/physical impairment, respectively, and 42% and 21% met the criteria for mild cognitive/physical impairment; 72%, 12.5%, 61% received recommendations related to intensification of physical activity, cognitive treatment, change in pharmacological agents, respectively. 25% were referred for further emotional treatment.

Conclusions

These data suggest that a substantial proportion of individuals with diabetes over the age of 60 may have cognitive/physical impairment. It highlights the importance of measuring these as part of the multidisciplinary evaluation and being able to provide a tailor made treatment plan.
Soil water potential and temperature sum during reproductive growth control seed dormancy in Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.
Authors: Menegat Alexander , Milberg Per , Nilsson Anders T. S. , Andersson Lars , Vico Giulia
Published: June 2018

The sustainable management of unwanted vegetation in agricultural fields through integrated weed control strategies requires detailed knowledge about the maternal formation of primary seed dormancy, to support the prediction of seedling emergence dynamics. This knowledge is decisive for the timing of crop sowing and nonchemical weed control measures. Studies in controlled environments have already demonstrated that thermal conditions and, to some extent, water availability during seed set and maturation has an impact on the level of dormancy. However, it is still unclear if this applies also under field conditions, where environmental stressors and their timing are more variable. We address this question for Alopecurus myosuroides in south‐western Sweden. We quantified the effects of cumulated temperature and precipitation as well as soil water potential during the reproductive growth phase of A myosuroides on primary seed dormancy under field conditions. Empirical models differing in focal time intervals and, in case of soil water potential, focal soil depths were compared regarding their predictive power. The highest predictive power for the level of primary dormancy of A. myosuroides seeds was found for a two‐factorial linear model containing air temperature sum between 0 and 7 days before peak seed shedding as well as the number of days with soil water potential below field capacity between 7 and 35 days before peak seed shedding. For soil water potential, it was found that only the top 10 cm soil layer is of relevance, which is in line with the shallow root architecture of A. myosuroides. We conclude that for this species the level of dormancy depends on the magnitude and timing of temperature and water availability during the reproductive growth phase. Water availability appears to be more important during maternal environmental perception and temperature during zygotic environmental perception.