bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desinfeksi Hasil Cetakan
Authors: Sastrodihardjo Sumadhi
Published: February 2020

Impression taking is performed to find model of patient’s teeth and oral cavity in making  restoration or orthodontic appliances. The impression enable bacteria, fungi or virus from saliva or blood in oral cavity to be transferred. Washing the impression by using running water is not enough to completely remove all of bacteria, fungi or virus has been attached on the impression. Therefore the disinfection procedure on impression is needed to avoid the cross infection between the patient and operator. Cross infection of contamination of virus, fungi or bacteria cause of B hepatitis, tuberculosis, herpes zoster and Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV-AIDS) diseases. There are many many  disinfectant agents which have been recommended to be used  in effort to disinfect impression such as chlorine compound, iodophore, glutaraldehide and phenol. There are several methods of disinfection can be performed such as immersion, spray or admix the disinfectant into impression material. However several disinfection methods cause side effects such as dimensional change especially on alginate impression, quality of impression surface, surface roughness and other properties of impression material. In this paper the side effects occur in impression material caused by impression disinfection will be studied and discussed. Farther the disinfection by using UV light, blue light, microwave, autoclave, gargle and the possibility of  traditional flora solution using as disinfectant of impression will be explained.
Sari Buah Naga Super merah (Hylocereus costaricensis) Sebagai Pewarna Alami Plak Gigi
Authors: Mangiri Betrik Sefyana , Yani Sinar , Anitasari Silvia
Published: February 2020

Dental plaque is a colorless thin layer, is not easily visible on the tooth surface and it causes caries. Disclosing solution is the material that can help us to see dental plaque. Chemical disclosing solution, which now exists, has several disadvantages so we need to develop natural disclosing solution. One of the ingredients in natural disclosing solution that has been studied for its effect is betacyanin, which is contained in super-red dragon fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis). This study aim to observe the coloring effect of super-red dragon fruit juice. The experimental was conducted by measuring plaque index of 20 people, who were not to clean their teeth for 24 hours (two periods), and were eaten the same foods in each period. Examination of plaque index at the end of the first period used chemical disclosing solution contains of erythrosine (FDC Red #3) and the second period used super-red dragon fruit juice. The datas were analyzed by Paired T-test. The results of the plaque index score at the first (2.47815 ± 0.811497), the second (2.7731 ± 1.0512) and did not find a significant difference (p > 0.05). The ability of super-red dragon fruit to coloring dental plaque has no difference with chemical disclosing solution, so it can be used as a natural disclosing solution.
Penggunaan Scaffold Kitosan-Aloe Vera Terhadap Proliferasi Sel Fibroblas pada Penyembuhan Luka Pasca Pencabutan Gigi Cavia Cobaya
Authors: Sularsih Sularsih , Rahmitasari Fitria
Published: February 2020

Aloe vera has been investigated potential use in tissue engineering. Its bioactive compounds interact with growth factor receptor on the fibroblast and stimulate cells proliferation.   The aim of this study was to investigate the proliferation of fibroblast cells on wound healing process of Cavia cobaya dental extraction using scaffold combination chitosan and Aloe vera.  Cavia cobaya male with 300-350 grams of weight and in the age of 3 to 3.5 months. It divided into ten groups (n=5). For Treatment groups, Aloe vera scaffold(Av); Chitosan Scaffold (Ch); Scaffold combination chitosan-Aloe vera (Ch-Av) and scaffold combination chitosan- Aloe vera- hidroksiapatit(Ch-Av-HA) were applied into the socket of dental extraction.  For control group, which were not given scaffold. Cavia cobaya were decaputated at 7 and 14 days  and the jaw in the treated regions and control group were cut for Histopatology Anatomy examination to investigate the proliferation of fibroblast cells. Data were analyzed using One way Anova test. The proliferation of fibroblast cells were found higher in the group which given Av-Ch and Av-Ch-HA scaffold. The result  showed  significant differences in proliferation of fibroblast cells for 7 and 14 days observation  compared to control group (p<0,05). The application of  scaffold combination Chitosan and Aloe vera accelerate the wound healing process of Cavia cobaya dental extraction.
Pengaruh Lama Perendaman E-Glass Fiber Reinforced Composite dalam Obat Kumur Terhadap Kekuatan Fleksural
Authors: Yuniva Hasna Syifa , Siswomihardjo Widowati , Sunarintyas Siti
Published: February 2020

Fiber reinforced composite (FRC) is a material consisting of a composite resin (matrix), fiber (reinforced) and silanes (to improve the adhesion strength). FRC can be used as a crown framework. More people used mouthwash for oral hygient. The objective of this study was to know the effect of the duration of E-glass FRC immersion into the mouthwash against the flexural strength. The research materials were E-glass (Fiber Splint Polydentia Multi-Layer, Switzerland), composite resin (Master Flow Biodynamic, Brazil), silane (Monobond Ivoclar Vivadent) and mouthwash (Listerine® Multi Protect). Twelve the beam-shaped specimens (25x2x2) mm  The specimens were divided into 3 groups: K1 control group (was not immersed) K2 and K3 treatment groups (was immersed for 24 and 48 hours). The flexural strength value was measured using a universal testing machine (Pearson, Texas). The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed-up by LSD. The results showed decrease of the average flexural strengths of mouthwash K1, K2 and K3. The one-way ANOVA test results showed that there was a significant P>0.05 in the duration of E-glass FRC immersion into the mouthwash against the flexural strength. The LSD test results showed significant differences between all treatment groups. The conclusion of this study is that the duration of E-glass FRC immersion into mouthwash will lower the strength of flexural E-glass FRC.
Perubahan Warna Permukaan Resin Komposit Nanohybird Pasca Perendaman Dalam Cuko Pempek
Authors: Khoirunnisa Nabila Farah , Budiono Budiono , Jayanti Lira Wiet
Published: February 2020

The development of science, technology and patient demands regarding restorative materials that are colored with teeth is currently higher. Dental-colored restoration materials are widely used, one of which is nanohybrid composite resin. The nanohybrid composite resin has a small and fine particle size of 0.04 um. Nanohybrid composite resins have many advantages, but they also have the disadvantage of liquid absorption properties which can cause discoloration. One of the liquids that cause discoloration is cuko pempek. Objective: To find out the surface color changes of nanohybrid composite resin after immersion in cuko pempek. Methods, an experimental laboratory study with a pre and post test only group design study design. Sample 16 pieces of nanohybrid composite resin measuring 10 x 2 mm. The sample was immersed using pempek cuko as much as 5 ml with a temperature of 37oC for 7 days. Color change is measured with a spechtrophotometer (UV-2401 PC). Results, there was a change in the surface color of nanohybrid composite resin soaked with pempek cuko which marked an average increase in dE*ab before immersion (18.5925) and after immersion (23.3169) with a difference of 4.7844. The paired t test results also showed a significant color change that is p = 0,000 (p <0.05). Conclusion, there is a change in the surface color of the post-immersion nanohybrid composite resin in pempek cuko.
Evaluasi gigi supernumerary yang menyerupai odontoma menggunakan cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)
Authors: Rosdiana Nova , Sam Belly , Epsilawati Lusi
Published: February 2020

Objectives: This report is aimed to present a case about the resembling appearance of supernumerary teeth and odontoma in CBCT radiograph.
Case Report: A female patient came to the radiology installation for CBCT examination of the maxillary anterior region. The patient brought a referral from the IKGA section with a diagnosis of tooth impaction 11 accompanied by odontoma. From the results of the CBCT examination, it was clear that radiopaque clearly demarcated with an irregular shape that had an enamel, dentinal structure with incomplete root formation.
Conclusion: Odontoma has very similar appearance with supernumerary teeth in CBCT radiograph, understanding the specific characteristics is a need to help in diagnosis.
Mengenal gambaran ultrasound lesi jinak, ganas dan metastasis pada nodus limfa leher menggunakan ultrasonografi
Authors: Epsilawati Lusi , Polii Hendra , Herawati Erna
Published: February 2020

Objectives: This study is aimed to review the ultrasound imaging (USG) of benign, malignant and metastases lesions in cervical lymph nodes.
Literature Review: This article was written based on some scientific literatures in which will explain the interpretation technique and imaging characteristic to distinguish between benign, malignancies and metastases lesions in cervical lymph nodes through ultrasound imaging. There are many pathological conditions may occur in cervical lymph nodes that can be analyzed in ultrasound. The signs of benign, malignant and metastases lesions in cervical lymph nodes, all may have different characteristics. Those characteristics could help the practitioners and radiologists to distinguish the lesions based on several assessment categories. Hopefully, the reader of this article could understand the technique to distinguish benign, malignant and metastases lesions in neck lymph nodes in ultrasound.
Conclusion: Ultrasonography is the most commonly used modality for lymph nodes examination, although the accuracy cannot be trusted or guaranteed 100% but this modality always be used and becoming one of all choices. Through the ultrasound, it could be concluded that some of the characteristics of the assessment can be a guide to distinguish benign, malignant and metastases lesions in cervical lymph nodes.
Factors Affecting Coffee Market Supply of Smallholder Farm Household: The Case of Gewata District Kaffa Zone, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Gebre Engida
Published: February 2020

Ethiopia has a broad genetic diversity among its coffee varieties. Despite high coffee production potential of the district, the market and marketing system of the area is generally dominated by conventional system of marketing and producers are forced to sale directly for conventional transaction root that do not provide premium price for their coffee produce and results low market margins. Both primary and secondary data were used for this study. Descriptive statistics like: percentage, frequency, mean and standard deviation and econometric model which is stages least square (2SLS) were used to analyze the data. The result of econometric analysis of 2SLS regression shows that four variables (which are education level of household head, membership to coffee cooperative, transport ownership and quantity of coffee produced) positively and significantly affected market supply of coffee. However, distance to the nearest market affected it market supply of coffee negatively and significantly. Therefore, policy implication drawn from the findings aimed at strengthening farmers coffee cooperative and enhancing the financial capacity of cooperative with functional collection center, improving accessibility of transport services and developing infrastructure,improving farmers’knowledge through adult education as well as their experience sharing with other coffee producing farmers, improving productivity through strengthening supportive institutions(extension service provider).
Specimen Size and Shape Effect on the Compressive Strength of Normal Strength Concrete
Authors: Gyurkó Zoltán , Nemes Rita
Published: February 2020

Present study deals with the effect of size and shape on the compressive strength of concrete. Mixes of five different strengths were designed, all between C20/25 and C50/60 strength class (normal strength concretes). Different size specimens were casted from all mixes in cube (edge length: 50 to 200 mm) and in cylinder (diameter: 60 to 150 mm) shapes as well. An equation was derived to estimate the compressive strength of the differently sized specimen. The parameters of the equation were optimized based on measurement data using nonlinear least-squares method with SSE (sum of squared errors) cost function. The parameter optimization was performed in different models (estimation based on the standard strength of cube or cylinder to approximate the different size specimens' cylinder or cube strength with the edge length, the surface area or the volume as dimension data). The test results showed good agreement between the laboratory measurements and the literature data (compressive strength is decreasing with the increase of the size of the specimen). The derived estimation models showed good correlation with the measurement data and with the literature estimation models, in some cases even with lower errors. The results indicated that size effect is stronger on concretes with lower strength class due to the higher level of inhomogeneity of the material. It was observed that size effect is more significant on cube specimens than on cylinder samples, which can be caused by the side ratios of the specimens and the size of the purely compressed zone. A limit value for the size of both cube and cylinder specimens was determined, above which the size effect on compressive strength can be neglected.
GLAZED AND UNGLAZED CERAMICS FROM THE EXCAVATIONS AT THE EDİRNE PALACE (SARAY- I CEDÎD- İ ÂMİRE) IN 2013 AND 2014
Authors: Uçar Hasan
Published: February 2020

The construction of the palace was initiated in 1450;
furthermore, new buildings were added to it and the old buildings were restored
in the Classical Ottoman Period. Disused by the sultans as of the second half
of the 18th century, the palace was negatively affected by the Russo-Ottoman War
and the process of disappearance of the palace commenced. Ceramics from different
materials and of different types that belonged to the Ottoman Period were found
during the excavations carried out at different times. The red-paste glazed ceramics
include a small amount of ceramics with sgraffito decorations and underglaze
painted ceramics as well as abundant monochrome glazed ceramics. Considering
their analogues, it is understood that the monochrome glazed ceramics dated to
the late period were produced at the workshops in and around Edirne. On the
other hand, the unglazed ceramics comprise water containers, lids, and the rim
sherds of storage jars in various shapes. Given their decoration
characteristics and shapes, these ceramics are again dated to the late period. The
place of the glazed and unglazed ceramics discovered in the excavations of 2013
and 2014 in the Ottoman ceramic art was evaluated in this paper.
TAKLİTTEN TEMSİLE ÇEVİRİ KAVRAMI
Authors: Yılmaz Kutlay Sevcan
Published: February 2020

Çeviri kaynak metni onun var olamadığı
bir bağlamda temsil ettiği için varlıkla yokluğu birleştiren bir temsil olarak
görülebilir. Kaynak metin ya da onun herhangi bir öğesini o an orada aynen
görmeyi beklemek bu açıdan mantıksızdır çünkü kaynak metin o an orada olsa o
metnin adı çeviri olmazdı. Yani, iki ayrı metinden söz etmek için farklılaşmaya
ihtiyaç duyarız. Bu bakış açısıyla çeviri kaynak metinden farklılaşarak var
olur ve onunla temsili bir ilişkisi
vardır. Birer anlatı ve üst söylem olarak çeviribilim kuramları da çeviriyi
kavramsallaştırmaları açısından farklılık gösterirler. Çeviriyi nasıl
tanımladığımız çeviri kuramımızı ve çeviri kuramı da çeviri tanımımızı
şekillendirir. Bu makalede çeviri bir temsil olarak ele alınarak çeviribilimde
bu temsiliyetlerin farklı paradigmalardaki sınırları sorgulanacaktır.
ARŞİV BELGELERİ IŞIĞINDA SADRAZAM RÜSTEM PAŞA’NIN BÜYÜKKARIŞTIRAN’DAKİ MİMARİ ESERLERİ
Authors: Alkan Murat
Published: February 2020

Marmara Bölgesi’nin Trakya kesiminde, Kırklareli ilinin Lüleburgaz ilçesine bağlı bir yerleşim yeri olan Büyükkarıştıran, İstanbul’dan Belgrad’a uzanan tarihi yol üzerindeki durak noktalarından biri olması açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bölgenin 1360 civarında Türkler tarafından fethedilmesinin ardından Roma dönemindeki yerleşimin (Drusipara) terk edilerek 5 km batısına, Karışdırân Süleyman Bey’in adı ile anılacak yeni bir yerleşim yeri kurulduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Osmanlı dönemi boyunca köy statüsündeki Büyükkarıştıran, XVI. yüzyılda Sadrazam Rüstem Paşa tarafından yaptırılan: cami, mektep, han, hamam, iki çeşme, altı dükkân, suyolu ve kaldırımlar ile mamur hale gelmiş ve yol üzerindeki önemli menzil noktalarından biri olmuştur. Ne yazık ki bu eserler arasından, sonradan temel duvarları üzerine yeniden inşa edilen cami ile suyoluna ait üç adet terazi kalıntısı günümüze ulaşabilmiştir. Bu yapıların dışında beldede, Koca Köprü veya Büyükkarıştıran Köprüsü adıyla bilinen, Osmanlı dönemine ait bir köprü de yer almaktadır. Şimdiye kadar inşa tarihi veya banisi hakkında herhangi bir bilgi bulunmayan bu köprünün, -tespit edilen 19. yüzyıla ait bir arşiv kaydına göre- Rüstem Paşa’nın vakfına bağlı olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Köprü ve söz konusu diğer eserlerin, -Osmanlı dönemine ait arşiv belgelerinden hareketle- tarihi süreç içerisindeki seyri ve tespit edilebilen mimari özelliklerinin tanıtılması, bu çalışmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır.
AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİ’NDE AKADEMİK SAHTECİLİK ÖRNEĞİ OLAN POULSHOCK OLAYINA RAHMET OKUTMAK: TÜRKİYE’DE İNTİHALİN İNTİHARLA “İRTİHALİNE/ÖLÜMÜNE” BİR ÖRNEK
Authors: Atalay Bülent
Published: February 2020

İnsanın tabiatını anlamak ve tarifini yapmak çok zordur. Hayatın farklı alanlarında maddî ve manevî tatmin arzusu uğruna, zaman zaman ahlakî sınırların haricine çıkmaktadır. Bunun akademik dünyada daha az olması, hatta hiç olmaması beklenmektedir. Lakin böyle olmadığından dolayı adı geçen dünyada bu durum özel olarak “intihal” kavramı ile adlandırılmaktadır. İntihal, kullanılan kavramın, ifadenin, ya da çalışmanın atıfta bulunulmadan “kendininmiş gibi” kullanılmasıdır. Bu çalışmamızda Doktora tezimizin maruz kaldığı ve iddia ettiğimiz intihal durumu izah edilmeye çalışılacaktır. Bu izah, iddiamızın ÜAK Yayın Etiği Komisyonunca da ön değerlendirme kabulü ile desteklenerek süreç hakkında bilgi verilecektir.
Aceitabilidade de preparações com cacau na alimentação escolar
Authors: De Avila Cassiane , Pinheiro Thais
Published: February 2020

Introdução: A alimentação escolar deve prezar pela oferta de alimentos saudáveis, sendo importante o fornecimento de alimentos funcionais que propiciam benefí­cios í  saúde nutricional. Objetivos: Analisar o grau de aceitação de preparações a base de cacau. Métodos: O estudo foi realizado com 81 escolares matriculados em uma escola municipal de Pinheirinho do Vale/RS. Foi aplicado o teste de Escala Hedônica facial para análise da aceitabilidade de duas preparações a base de cacau (bolo de cenoura com cacau e vitamina de banana com cacau), considerando uma amostra aprovada quando o í­ndice de aceitabilidade é â‰¥ 85%. Resultados: Foi possí­vel obter o í­ndice de aceitabilidade de 91,3% para a Vitamina de Banana com cacau e, 87,3% para o Bolo de Cenoura com cacau. Verificou-se que não houve diferença significativa entre os í­ndices de aceitabilidade das amostras com p = 0,868, considerando um intervalo de confiança de 95%. Conclusão: As preparações funcionais utilizando cacau em pó analisadas tiveram altos í­ndices de aceitabilidade entre os escolares participantes da pesquisa, Avalia-se importante ampliar a variedade de alimentos e sabores na alimentação escolar e incentivar o consumo de alimentos funcionais.Palavras-chave: alimentos funcionais, í­ndice de aceitabilidade, escolares.
Eficácia do uso da Garcinia cambogia no emagrecimento
Authors: Paes Sany do Nascimento Dias , Do Nascimento Kamila Oliveira
Published: February 2020

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Desenvolvimento da farinha do albedo do maracujá amarelo
Authors: Macêdo Judyth Catherine Barbosa , Bezerra Keila Cristiane Batista , Landim Liejy Agnes dos Santos Raposo
Published: February 2020

O maracujá é uma fruta abundante no Brasil, que é considerado o maior produtor do mundo. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi desenvolver uma farinha com o albedo do maracujá amarelo (P. edulis flavicarpa). Foi feita a análise fí­sico-quí­mica (determinação de umidade, proteí­nas, lipí­dios, fibras, carboidratos e energia), no laboratório de Bromatologia da UNIFSA. Foram utilizados maracujás da espécie Passiflora edulis flavicarpa, após a higienização adequada. As cascas foram picadas em pequenos pedaços e colocadas em uma forma, onde permaneceram expostas ao sol, com a finalidade de retirar umidade. Em seguida, as cascas foram aquecidas em estufa com circulação de ar a 60ºC, por 12 horas e trituradas, no moedor industrial, obtendo-se a farinha a partir do aproveitamento do albedo do maracujá que foi caracterizada quanto ao teor de umidade, resí­duo mineral, proteí­nas, lipí­deos, carboidratos e fibras. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram o potencial da farinha do albedo de maracujá como enriquecedor nutricional em alimentos por ser rica em fibras e minerais, sendo responsável por auxiliar na redução do risco de certas patologias crônicas como diabetes, obesidade, entre outras. Espera-se com esse estudo que a população se torne ciente dos benefí­cios do maracujá, consequentemente da farinha do fruto.Palavras-chave: passiflora, alimentos funcionais, prevenção de doenças crônicas.
Антиокиснювальні й антицитолітичні властивості екстракту листя лепехи звичайної
Authors: Деримедвідь Л. В. , Коранг Л. А.
Published: February 2020

Одним з препаратів, що досить часто призводить до розвитку зумовлених ліками уражень печінки (ЛУП), є парацетамол. Механізм гепатотоксичності парацетамолу зумовлений пригніченням внутрішньоклітинної системи глутатіону та надмірною активацією процесів вільнорадикального окиснення. Мета дослідження – вивчення антиокиснювальних й антицитолітичних властивостей екстракту листя лепехи звичайної (Acorus calamus L.) на моделі парацетамолового гепатиту в щурів. Антиокиснювальну дію екстракту листя лепехи звичайної визначали за впливом на рівень 8-ізопростану, вмістом окисненого та відновленого глутатіону. Антицитолітичну активність оцінювали за зменшенням активності аланінамінотрансферази (АлАТ), аспартатамінотрансферази (АсАТ) та гамма-глутамілтранспептидази (γ-ГТТП). Встановлено, що використання екстракту листя лепехи звичайної в лікувально-профілактичному режимі за експериментального парацетамолового гепатиту в щурів достовірно зменшує рівень 8-ізопростану, збільшує пул відновленого глутатіону, зменшує рівень окисненого глутатіону, що вочевидь покращує детоксикацію парацетамолу та спричиняє антиоксидантний ефект. Антицитолітичні властивості екстракту листя лепехи звичайної підтверджено достовірним зменшенням активності АсАТ, АлАТ і γ-ГТТП. Встановлено, що за антиокиснювальними та антицитолітичними властивостями екстракт листя лепехи звичайної поступався препарату порівняння адеметіоніну, але за окремими показниками перевищував ефект силібору. Вочевидь гепатопротекторні властивості екстракту листя лепехи зумовлені наявністю в їхньому складі флавоноїдів, таких як гіперозид, рутин, ферулова та розмаринова кислоти та інших біологічно активних речовин, яким притаманні антиоксидантні та цитопротекторні властивості.
Вивчення спорідненості до мембран допоміжних речовин й фармакологічно активних інгредієнтів методами флуоресцентних і спінових зондів
Authors: Іванов Л. В. , Щербак О. В. , Кравченко В. Г. , Деримедвідь Л. В. , Безугла О. П.
Published: February 2020

Мета дослідження – порівняльне вивчення спорідненості до ліпосом з фосфатидилхоліну низки гідрофільних неводних розчинників пропіленгліколю (ПГ), поліетиленгліколей (ПЕГ) з молекулярною масою 400 і 1500 (ПЕГ­400 і ПЕГ­1500), що успішно застосовуються за створення м’яких лікарських форм як допоміжні речовини. Проведено аналіз результатів, отриманих за допомогою методу флуоресцентних зондів, і розрахунок константи дисоціації (Кд) неводних розчинників ПГ, ПЕГ­400 і ПЕГ­1500 з мембранами ліпосом з фосфатидилхоліну графічним методом у зворотних координатах. Показано, що Кд = 2,5 моль/л для ПГ і Кд = 4 • 10 ­1 моль/л для ПЕГ­400. Аналіз спектрів електронно­парамагнітного резонансу (ЕПР) у зворотних координатах дозволив оцінити Кд для ПЕГ­1500, що дорівнює 10­1 моль/л. Досліджено вплив ПГ і ПЕГ­400 на мембрани ліпосом. ПГ і ПЕГ­400 ефективно зв’язуються з мембраною ліпосом, витісняючи флуоресцентний зонд з мембрани в воду. Це може бути одним із механізмів впливу ПГ і ПЕГ­400 на біодоступність, коли фармакологічно активні інгредієнти (ФАІ) можуть витиснятися в воду молекулами допоміжних речовин, сповільнюючи процес всмоктування ФАІ. Введення ПЕГ­400 у суспензію ліпосом призводить до розпушення мембран, тобто, до зменшення щільності упаковки фосфоліпідів у мембранах, що може призводити до зміни їхньої проникності та підвищенню біодоступності. Дія ПГ на мембрани є більш м’якою, ніж ПЕГ­400. Вочевидь у зоні всмоктування ФАІ на мембрані паралельно відбувається процес всмоктування низькомолекулярних допоміжних речовин, наприклад, неводних розчинників. Причому всмоктування ліпофільних ФАІ може відбуватися в оточенні розчинників (допоміжних речовин), що призводить до збільшення біодоступності ФАІ. У разі конкуренції за місця зв’язування на мембранах клітин біоповерхонь між ФАІ і неводними розчинниками більш низька (на кілька порядків) спорідненість розчинників до мембран компенсується значною кількістю розчинників у м’якій лікарській формі порівняно з ФАІ. Механізмом підвищення біосумісності за допомогою ПЕГ є здатність їхніх молекул за рахунок компактизації (спіралізації) або розпушення приймати оптимальну конформацію структури, надаючи свої гідрофобні або полярні групи для оптимального зв’язування з наночастинками, лікарськими речовинами та біооб’єктами.
The study of the frequency of consumption and food preferences of students for products containing vitamin D
Authors: Aksonova O.F. , Torianyk D.O. , Pavlotska L.F. , Borysova A.O.
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT. A significant portion of vitamin D, which is essential for important processes of vital activity, a person gets from food. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of consumption by young males and females of foods containing vitamin D3. One hundred and two first-year students (females — 78.4 %, males — 21.6 % between the ages of 17 and 22) participated in the study voluntarily. Data collection was carried out by questioning. The frequency of consumption and food preferences for 22 products containing vitamin D were assessed. The evaluation was carried out on a 5-point rating scale. Statistical processing of the questionnaires was carried out using the SPSS program. The results are analyzed for approval of the points of the questionnaire. It turned out that the coefficient of Alpha Cronbach is 0,912 and 0,896 for consumption and food preferences respectively. This indicates a high consistency of the items on the questionnaire about the frequency of consumption and food preferences of foods rich in vitamin D. The consumption of foods rich in vitamin D is at a pain lower level than the respondents' desire to consume them. The reasons for low consumption may be price unavailability of the product. For some products, there is a very high difference of ratings, which indicates that the level of well-being of the respondent have a great influence on food preferences. Food preferences in this case, most likely, play a secondary role. The results obtained suggest that foods rich in vitamin D are not among the preferences of young people who took part in the study. It should be noted that, low intake of foods rich in vitamin D may also be related to the global trend. This fact is of concern because the lack of vitamin D in young people leads to negative consequences, including the emergence of diseases of various kinds. Key Words: vitamin D, first-year students, 5-point rating scale.
Perioperative nutrition as an important aspect implementing Fast Track surgery principles
Authors: Ioffe O.Yu. , Stetsenko O.P. , Tarasiuk T.V. , Kryvopustov M.S.
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT. Relevance. Fast Track surgery concept provides for a significant reduction of patient’s stress response to surgical intervention. The main task is a quick rehabilitation, quick return to a normal quality of life and significant reduction for an in-patient stay, thereby reducing medical costs.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of the lack of pre- and postoperative fasting in accelerating postoperative recovery of patients and the reduction of patient’s stress response to operative injury.

Materials and methods. We performed 564 surgical interventions under Fast Track approach. In particular, we used adapted, high-caloric sipping (drinking as small sips through a straw) feed manufactured at a medical enterprise and does not include dietary fibre — Nutricomp Drink Plus (BBraun).

Results. Early oral feeding within the first hours after surgery accelerates recovery of productive intestinal motility. In 73.5 % of patients, the passage of flatus (spontaneous) is reported to the end of the first postoperative day that is about 8-fold higher than in patients who were not on such diet. General weakness, hunger and thirst reduced 2.5, 3 and 2.5-fold, respectively, in patients on Fast Track approach compared with the conventional perioperative management.

Conclusion. The lack of pre- and postoperative fasting is one of the cornerstones of this program that proved the efficacy in terms of reduced stress response to surgical injury.

Key Words: Fast Track approach, surgical intervention, pre- and postoperative nutrition.
Toxicological support of simulation of the chemical composition modelling of bioactive substances in natural honey
Authors: Kalashnikov A.A. , Voytenko H.M. , Losev O.M. , Kurdil N.V. , Mykhailov V.S. , Holovetskii I.I. , Lutsenko O.H.
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT. In the context of increasing anthropogenic load, the ability of the body to maintain high-level resistance to various harmful factors is essential. Thus, the creation of effective tools that can increase the level of adaptive capacity of the human body under conditions of the environmental hazards is a topical issue of modern medicine.

Objective. Scientific substantiation of the technology of creation of enriched natural honey containing bioactive substances — adaptogens, capable to increase adaptive capabilities of the body under conditions of environmental hazards.

Materials and Methods. The material for this study were Ukrainian breed bees. The process of enriching the natural properties of natural honey was carried out in a natural way through the bee family, by feeding colonies of bees with a special composition of natural origin components based on common oat (Avtina satHva) and milk thistle (Silybum marianum).

Results. The analysis of the regulatory framework governing the use of honey with phytoadditives and bee products in Ukraine has proved that currently there is a lack of scientifically grounded technology of natural honey enrichment, which is realized through the bee family by feeding optimally selected qualitative and quantitative composition of high-quality components of natural origin. The authors proposed a model of toxicological and hygienic evaluation of raw materials and finished product based on enriched natural honey, which allows carrying out toxicological support of the process of creating an innovative product — enriched natural honey, and developing a modern technological standard of the finished product according to the evaluation results. Study results have proved that the most promising medicinal raw material for the creation of enriched natural honey is milk thistle (Silybum marianum) extract.

Conclusion. The results of the first stage of the study confirm the prospect of further research on natural adaptogens for the development of innovative products based on natural honey and bioactive substances of plant origin, which will allow obtaining new useful varieties of honey and significantly improving the economic performance of enterprises producing these products.

Key Words: biotechnologies, honey, bioactive substances, adaptogens.
Hygienic evaluation of residual spirodiclofen in fruit and vegetable crops after use of spirodiclofen-based insecticide-acaricide in the agro-industrial sector and private households of Ukraine
Authors: Kravchuk O.P. , Bagatska O.M. , Medvedev V.I. , Grynko A.P. , Ivanova L.P. , Kuznetsova O.M. , Lyshavsky V.I. , Yuschuk S.I. , Petrashenko H.I.
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT. Objectives. THygienic evaluation of residual spirodiclofen and regulation of the use of spirodiclofen-based product Envidor SC 240 for fruit and vegetable crops in the agro-industrial sector and private households of Ukraine.

Methods. Study of changes in residual spirodiclofen in apples, pears, grapes, cucumbers and eggplants overtime was performed in different agroclimatic zones of Ukraine during field experiments. Consumption rates of spirodiclofen were 120 g/ha as two applications, and 144 g/ha as 3 applications in the agro-industrial sector, and 1.2 g/0.01 g as two applications at private households. Residual spirodiclofen in the test samples of agricultural products was measured using chemical analytical methods of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Results. Results of conducted studies suggest a moderate reduction in the residual amounts of the active ingredient in fruit crops and the rapid one in vegetable crops. It was found that during harvesting, spirodiclofen content in apples and pears did not exceed MAL (maximum allowable limit); spirodiclofen was not detectable in grapes, eggplants and cucumbers. Calculation of half-lives of the test substance in the treated plants during vegetation was performed. Theoretically, the possible intake of spirodiclofen in an adult and a child under the age of 6 years with fruit, vegetable crops, and grapes was calculated. The obtained data were evaluated by the level of acceptable daily intake (ADI) of the substance in the human body.

Conclusion. As per limiting toxicity parameters under conditions of the acute experiment, spirodiclofen and spirodiclofen-based product belong to hazard class 2 pesticides. By a degradation value in plants, spirodiclofen belongs to hazard class 1–4 pesticides. Approved MALs of safe content of the substance under experiment in fruit and vegetable crops, grapes and safety interval before harvesting provide for safe use of spirodiclofen-based insecticide-acaricide.

Key Words: spirodiclofen, residual amounts of pesticides, field experiments.
ETHICAL AND SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES OF THE SCIENTIST (Memoirs of Professor V.K. Yakunin)
Authors: Кривчик Г.
Published: February 2020

Viktor Yakunin (1939-2017) is a well-known Ukrainian historian, Professor, head of the Department of Ukrainian history and Ethnopolitics of the Dnipro national University named after O. Gonchar. The basic ethical norms and scientific principles that guided the scientist in life and scientific work are defined. It is primarily the adherence to principles, courage and integrity. The most shameful act of both man and scientist, he considered betrayal. He was contemptuous of historians who adjusted to the political situation, who renounced what they had previously passionately preached. The most shameful act of both man and scientist, he considered betrayal. He was contemptuous of historians who adjusted to the political situation, who renounced what they had previously passionately preached. He is not an armchair scientist. He had a fighting character, took a firm civil position, was always politically active person, which was reflected in his scientific works, of which he wrote more than 150, including 5 monographs and 5 manuals. In them, the scientist studied the actual problems of historiography, methodology of history and political history of the USSR and Ukraine. In particular, he attempted to answer the question why the CPSU lost power and the USSR collapsed. In a number of his works, the concept of patriotism, which is opposed to nationalism, is revealed on concrete examples, a sharp but justified criticism of Ukrainian nationalism is given, the connection of the latter with Nazi ideology is shown. It is felt that he loved his lost Homeland immensely. He believed that it is impossible only to blame the Soviet past, not to see the achievements of Ukraine in this period.
BEGINNING OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION IN KATERINOSLAVSKY AT THE EARLY XX CENTURY
Authors: Берестень Ю.
Published: February 2020

The institutional formation of primary and secondary agricultural education was the result of the response of local governments and the provincial administration to the economic crisis caused by the effects of the drought series. The regional economy needed a skilled workforce capable of mastering modern agricultural technology and innovative agro-cultural innovations. The proposal to create an elementary educational institution of agricultural education was put forward on June 30, 1894 at the meeting of the provincial assembly by the deputy of the Verkhnodniprovsky County Zemstvo E.I. Ostroukhov, whose initiative was supported by the deputy corps. Subsequently, in November 1899, the Verkhnodniprovsky Agricultural School was opened, on the basis of which the educational and production model of the primary agricultural education institution for the Dnieper region was developed. The substantial expansion of the area of primary vocational agricultural education was significantly slowed down by the economic crisis of 1900-1903.The next stage in the development of vocational agricultural education in Katerynoslav province is related to the legislative activity of the autocracy. In particular, on May 26, 1904, the Russian Emperor Nicholas II approved the «Regulations on Agricultural Education», which defined the general legal principles and order of functioning of secondary and lower educational institutions of agricultural education. However, the obstacles to the implementation of regional educational projects were the military-political events of the Russo-Japanese War and the Revolution of 1905-1907, which caused a financial crisis that made it impossible for the intensive development of the educational environment. The new attempt of meaningful expansion of the space of lower and secondary vocational-technical agricultural education falls during the period of Stolypin agrarian transformations of 1906-1911. models of rational land use. At the meeting of December 15, 1909, the Katerynoslav Provincial Zemsky Meeting approved a new target program aimed at establishing a network of lower agricultural educational establishments in the province. The practical implementation of this document led to the emergence of a number of primary agricultural schools. On the eve of the First World War, new educational establishments were opened - practical agricultural schools, which were engaged in the training of technicians for certain branches of agriculture: horticulture, viticulture, horticulture. During the First World War, new centers of agricultural education emerged - agricultural shelters, which provided the function of social care for orphans.
PECULIARITIES OF THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE DISSIDENT MOVEMENT IN UKRAINE In the 1950s-1980s
Authors: Цюп’як B.
Published: February 2020

The article deals with the peculiarities of the development of the domestic and foreign historiography of the dissident movement in the Ukrainian SSR in the 1950’s and 1980’s. Particular attention is paid to key figures and issues in the topic. It has been determined that the study of the problem is under development. Only at the present stage are the first soil works published. However, the regional aspect of the topic is poorly understood. The article analyzes the first key works on the topic. The author presents the main topics of foreign and diaspora scholars who have researched the dissident movement in Ukraine. The article gives an analysis of contemporary Ukrainian studies of dissent in the USSR.The historiography of the problem is quite diverse. It includes works by both domestic and foreign authors who, since independence, have rushed to fill the «white spots» in the history of Ukrainian dissident. However, unfortunately, it should be acknowledged that the greatest contribution to the actualization and development of this topic has been made not by historians but by political scientists, writers, publicists, and journalists. Most of the historical works on this subject are so far disparate articles, which highlight certain fragments of social processes that require conscientious unification like puzzles in order to get a complete historical picture and find out all the circumstances of the emergence of a dissident movement in the conditions of totalitarian movement / authoritarian regime and determine its role in the proclamation of state independence of Ukraine.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONCEPT OF DISTINGUISHING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CPSU AND STATE AUTHORITIES (THE PERIOD OF GORBACHOVSKY'S REBUILDING)
Authors: Бородін Є.
Published: February 2020

The article covers the process of introducing the concept of division of functions of party and state bodies in the USSR during the Gorbachev «perestroika» years. The monopoly ruling party, which in accordance with the Constitution of the USSR in 1978 had the status of a «leading and guiding force» of Soviet society, felt the need to define new relations with public authorities in the context of the proposed reforms of public administration. Based on the definition of the political system of Soviet society, the party leadership gradually democratized the concept of «party leadership.» Initially, at the 21st CPSU Congress (February – March 1986), a «soft concept» was introduced to prevent «the confusion of party and state functions», which relied on the abandonment of petty guardianship and the replacement of state structures by the authorities. Then, at the 19th CPSU Conference (June – July 1988), under political reform in the USSR, a «rigid concept» of «delineation of functions» was introduced, which anticipated the role of the party as a policy-maker and its members as government leaders. The introduction of the concept of «delineation of functions» in no way called into question the monopoly position of the CPSU in the system of public administration, the dominance of the so-called «Marxist-Leninist ideology». Under the changes that put on the agenda the emergence of such mandatory attributes of democratic transformations as political pluralism, free elections, multiparty system, the CPSU ideologists sought the basis for their own theories in the decisions of the VIII Congress of the RCP (b) (1919) and in V. I. Lenin’s works at the time of the elimination of the multiparty system in the USSR. In the process of finding a solution to prevent the replacement of state structures by party bodies, the dominant role of the CPSU in the system of public administration of the USSR was actually recognized, and the preconditions for further radical changes in Soviet society were created.
TO THE QUESTION ABOUT THE CHARACTER OF THE SOVIET MODERNIZATIONS
Authors: Архірейський Д.
Published: February 2020

In the context of the theory of modernization created at the turn of the 1950s and 1960s by American scientists, which explained the essence of the historical transition from traditional to industrial society using the example of Western democracies, the nature of Soviet modernization as a separate phenomenon is considered. Classical modernization of the western type was called normative. The views of Soviet historians on the economic development of the Soviet Union and the main provisions of the theory of modernization are compared. While Soviet historiography, considered the beginning of the modernization of Stalin’s industrialization, was officially proud of the latter, the proponents of the theory of modernization, on the contrary, justified its shortcomings and the general negative impact on the further development of the USSR as a whole. It is explained how, during the further development of the theory, the category of non-normative modernization was singled out, to which, according to all the main indicators, economic transformations in the USSR were assigned. Such indicators include lack of democracy, free market, restriction of private property, planned economy, presence of numerous state monopolies, authoritarian model of government. The concept of «non-normative modernization», in the opinion of the author of the article, first, better and more objectively explains the essence of economic processes in the Soviet Union, and secondly, can serve as a marker in the analysis of the economic prospects of those modern states that actually inherited the Soviet model of the economy. The author concludes on the more objective nature of the theory of modernization in comparison with the concept of catching up with modern Russian historians.
PRODUKSI PAKAN FUNGSIONAL MENGANDUNG TIGA SENYAWA BIOAKTIF DARI AMPAS TAHU DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN Mikroba Effective Microorganism-4 DAN Lactobacillus plantarum
Authors: Santosa Budi , Fitasari Eka , Suliana Gatut
Published: February 2020

Tofu waste is a waste product from tofu processing which is known as high protein sources. Its use as feed has a problem due to the antinutrient content and lower amino acids. Effective microorganism (EM4) is a mixture of some microbes that are used to improve the quality of feed. Lactobacillus plantarum is facultative bacteria heterofermentatif group that has a high ability to ferment carbohydrates. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of both of these bacteria to ferment tofu waste and its influence on the increase in the content of nutrients and amino acids. This study used a Random Nested Design with 2 factor: Factor 1 was type of microbe (EM4 and Lactobacillus plantarum), factor 2 was the concentration of microbes which consists of 5 levels (1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% , v / w), each treatments was repeated 3 times. The results showed that the average treatment gave very significant effect on dry matter, anorganic matter, crude fiber, crude protein and had significant effect on crude lipid and gross energy. The treatments of 20% concentration of Lactobacillus plantarum giving highest yield on gross energy, crude fiber, calcium and fosfor.
PENGARUH LAMA PENGOMPOSAN SERBUK GERGAJI KAYU JATI DAN DOSIS EM4 TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN KUBIS BUNGA ( Brassica oleracea L . ) DATARAN RENDAH
Authors: Pratiwi Sri Hariningsih , Purnamasari Retno Tri
Published: February 2020

This research was purposed to find out whether there was any significant correlation of the composting time of teak sawdust and EM4 dose on the growth and yield of lowland flower cabbage plants or not. This research was carried out at the Experimental Field of Universitas Merdeka Pasuruan (Sultan Agung Street), Pasuruan City at an altitude of 4 m-asl. This research used factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) method consisted of two factors and repeated three times. The first factor was the length of composting (L) with L1: one month, L2: two months and L3: three months. The second factor was the dose of EM4 (D) with D1 : 10% EM4 dose, D2 : 20% EM4 dose and D3: 30% EM4 dose. Overall there were nine combinations of treatments. The results showed that there was 20% EM4 dose with a 2 months composting time yielded higher results on all observed parameters. Flower cabbage with a dose of 20% EM4 with composting time of 2 months produced fresh weight of 15.97 tons ha-1, at a dose of EM4 20% with a composting time of 1 month produced fresh weight 13.86 tons ha-1, while the lowest yield at dose of 20% EM4 with a composting time of 3 months produced fresh weight 9.79 tons ha-1.