bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Undifferentiated Endometrial Sarcoma of the Ovary: A Case Report with Review of Recent Literature and Discussion of Lacking Specificity of CD10 Immunoreactivity
Authors: Brustmann Hermann , Geiss Ingrid M. , Hinterholzer Susanne
Published: October 2009

Undifferentiated endometrial sarcomas (UESs) of the ovary are very rare tumors. This paper presents a case of a 56-year-old patient with a history of hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy seven years ago for uterine leiomyomata. Intraoperatively, a tumor originating from the left ovary, adherent to the sigmoid colon, with infiltration of the small intestine and the vaginal apex was found. Histologically, the tumor was composed of pleomorphic round and oval to spindled cells with polymorphous vesicular nuclei with coarse chromatin and large nucleoli. Mitotic activity was brisk. There were large necrotic areas. Adjacent to the tumor tissue endometrium-like glands surrounded by fibrous stroma with macrophages corresponding to ovarian endometriosis were noted. Tumor cells showed diffuse strong immunoreactivity for vimentin and patchy strong staining for CD10; no reactivities were found for AE1/AE3, desmin, S-100, LCA, CD20, c-kit, and CD31. The patient died of her neoplastic disease four months postoperatively. CD10 is frequently expressed in different gynecopathological as well as other lesions, and, thus, nonspecific without relevance to the classification of this case. Morphological features, extensive sampling, and appropriate immunohistochemistry including markers for cytokeratins and myogenic differentiation are mandatory to arrive at the correct diagnosis.
On the Spectrum of an n! × n! Matrix Originating from Statistical Mechanics
Authors: Chassé Dominique , Saint-Aubin Yvan
Published: October 2009

Let Rn(α) be the n! × n! matrix whose matrix elements [Rn(α)]σρ, with σ and ρ in the symmetric group , are αℓ(σρ–1) with 0 < α < 1, where ℓ(π) denotes the number of cycles in π ∈ . We give the spectrum of Rn and show that the ratio of the largest eigenvalue λ0 to the second largest one (in absolute value) increases as a positive power of n as n → ∞.
A SAGBI Basis For 𝔽[V2 ⊕ V2 ⊕ V3]Cp
Authors: Duncan Alexander , LeBlanc Michael , L.Wehlau David
Published: October 2009

Let Cp denote the cyclic group of order p, where p ≥ 3 is prime. We denote by Vn the indecomposable n dimensional representation of Cp over a field of characteristic p. We compute a set of generators, in fact a SAGBI basis, for the ring of invariants [V2 ⊕ V2 ⊕ V3]Cp .
Holomorphic 2-Forms and Vanishing Theorems for Gromov–Witten Invariants
Authors: Lee Junho
Published: October 2009

On a compact Kähler manifold X with a holomorphic 2-form α, there is an almost complex structure associated with α. We show how this implies vanishing theorems for the Gromov–Witten invariants of X. This extends the approach used by Parker and the author for Kähler surfaces to higher dimensions.
On Projectively Flat (α, β)-metrics
Authors: Shen Zhongmin
Published: October 2009

The solutions to Hilbert's Fourth Problem in the regular case are projectively flat Finsler metrics. In this paper, we consider the so-called (α, β)-metrics defined by a Riemannian metric α and a 1-form β, and find a necessary and sufficient condition for such metrics to be projectively flat in dimensionn≥ 3.
The Waring Problem with the Ramanujan τ -Function, II
Authors: Garaev M. Z. , Garcia V. C. , Konyagin S. V.
Published: October 2009

Let τ (n) be the Ramanujan τ -function. We prove that for any integer N with |N| ≥ 2 the diophantine equation

has a solution in positive integers n1, n2, … , n148000 satisfying the condition

for some absolute constant c > 0.
Schubert Calculus on a Grassmann Algebra
Authors: Gatto Letterio , Santiago Taíse
Published: October 2009

The (classical, small quantum, equivariant) cohomology ring of the grassmannian G(k, n) is generated by certain derivations operating on an exterior algebra of a free module of rank n (Schubert calculus on a Grassmann algebra). Our main result gives, in a unified way, a presentation of all such cohomology rings in terms of generators and relations. Using results of Laksov and Thorup, it also provides a presentation of the universal factorization algebra of a monic polynomial of degree n into the product of two monic polynomials, one of degree k.
Equations and Complexity for the Dubois–Efroymson Dimension Theorem
Authors: Ghiloni Riccardo
Published: October 2009

LetRbe a real closed field, letX⊂Rnbe an irreducible real algebraic set and letZbe an algebraic subset ofXof codimension ≥ 2. Dubois and Efroymson proved the existence of an irreducible algebraic subset ofXof codimension 1 containingZ. We improve this dimension theorem as follows. Indicate by μ the minimum integer such that the ideal of polynomials inR[x1, … ,xn] vanishing onZcan be generated by polynomials of degree ≤ μ. We prove the following two results: (1) There exists a polynomialP∈R[x1, … ,xn] of degree≤ μ+1 such thatX∩P–1(0) is an irreducible algebraic subset ofXof codimension 1 containingZ. (2) LetFbe a polynomial inR[x1, … ,xn] of degreedvanishing onZ. Suppose there exists a nonsingular pointxofXsuch thatF(x) = 0 and the differential atxof the restriction ofFtoXis nonzero. Then there exists a polynomialG∈R[x1, … ,xn] of degree ≤ max﹛d, μ + 1﹜ such that, for eacht∈ (–1, 1) \ ﹛0﹜, the set ﹛x∈X|F(x) +tG(x) = 0﹜ is an irreducible algebraic subset ofXof codimension 1 containingZ. Result (1) and a slightly different version of result (2) are valid over any algebraically closed field also.
Extensions of Rings Having McCoy Condition
Authors: Koşan Muhammet Tamer
Published: October 2009

Let R be an associative ring with unity. Then R is said to be a right McCoy ring when the equation f (x)g(x) = 0 (over R[x]), where 0 ≠ f (x), g(x) ∈ R[x], implies that there exists a nonzero element c ∈ R such that f (x)c = 0. In this paper, we characterize some basic ring extensions of right McCoy rings and we prove that if R is a right McCoy ring, then R[x]/(xn) is a right McCoy ring for any positive integer n ≥ 2.
On Functions Whose Graph is a Hamel Basis, II
Authors: Płotka Krzysztof
Published: October 2009

We say that a functionh: ℝ → ℝ is a Hamel function (h∈ HF) ifh, considered as a subset of ℝ2, is a Hamel basis for ℝ2. We show that A(HF) ≥ ω,i.e.,for every finiteF⊆ ℝℝthere existsf∈ ℝℝsuch thatf+F⊆ HF. From the previous work of the author it then follows that A(HF) = ω.
Dedication: Ted Bisztriczky
Authors: Böröczky K. , Böröczky K. J. , Fodor F. , Harborth H. , Kuperberg W.
Published: October 2009

It is with great pleasure that we present this special geometry issue of the Canadian Mathematical Bulletin dedicated to Professor Tibor Bisztriczky on occasion of his sixtieth birthday. All articles were prepared by the contributors especially for this collection. This issue presents new results from current investigations in the fields of the combinatorial theory of polytopes, convexity, the theory of packing and covering, and combinatorial geometry, subjects where Professor Bisztriczky made significant contributions and where he is currently engaged in active research. Here we take the opportunity to thank the contributors for submitting their most valuable work and the referees who devoted their efforts and time to make this special volume possible.
Covering Discs in Minkowski Planes
Authors: Martini Horst , Spirova Margarita
Published: October 2009

We investigate the following version of the circle covering problem in strictly convex (normed or) Minkowski planes: to cover a circle of largest possible diameter bykunit circles. In particular, we study the casesk= 3,k= 4, andk= 7. Fork= 3 andk= 4, the diameters under consideration are described in terms of side-lengths and circumradii of certain inscribed regular triangles or quadrangles. This yields also simple explanations of geometric meanings that the corresponding homothety ratios have. It turns out that basic notions from Minkowski geometry play an essential role in our proofs, namely Minkowskian bisectors,d-segments, and the monotonicity lemma.
Some Infinite Products of Ramanujan Type
Authors: Alaca Ayşe , Alaca Şaban , Williams Kenneth S.
Published: October 2009

In his “lost” notebook, Ramanujan stated two results, which are equivalent to the identities

and

We give several more identities of this type.
Numerical Semigroups That Are Not Intersections ofd-Squashed Semigroups
Authors: Moreno M. A. , Nicola J. , Pardo E. , Thomas H.
Published: October 2009

We say that a numerical semigroup isd-squashedif it can be written in the form

forN,a1, … ,adpositive integers with gcd(a1, … ,ad) = 1. Rosales and Urbano have shown that a numerical semigroup is 2-squashed if and only if it is proportionally modular.

Recent works by Rosaleset al.give a concrete example of a numerical semigroup that cannot be written as an intersection of 2-squashed semigroups. We will show the existence of infinitely many numerical semigroups that cannot be written as an intersection of 2-squashed semigroups. We also will prove the same result for 3-squashed semigroups. We conjecture that there are numerical semigroups that cannot be written as the intersection ofd-squashed semigroups for any fixedd, and we prove some partial results towards this conjecture.
On L1-Convergence of Fourier Series under the MVBV Condition
Authors: Yu Dan Sheng , Zhou Ping , Zhou Song Ping
Published: October 2009

Let f ∈ L2π be a real-valued even function with its Fourier series , and let Sn( f , x), n ≥ 1, be the n-th partial sum of the Fourier series. It is well known that if the nonnegative sequence ﹛an﹜ is decreasing and limn→∞an = 0, then

We weaken the monotone condition in this classical result to the so-called mean value bounded variation (MVBV) condition. The generalization of the above classical result in real-valued function space is presented as a special case of the main result in this paper, which gives the L1-convergence of a function f ∈ L2π in complex space. We also give results on L1-approximation of a function f ∈ L2π under the MVBV condition.
Palladium on Charcoal as a Recyclable Catalyst for CS Cross‐Coupling of Thiols with Aryl Halides under Ligand‐Free Conditions
Authors: Jiang Zheng , She Jin , Lin Xufeng
Published: October 2009

S‐Arylation of a wide variety of substituted aryl and aliphatic thiols with aryl halides using a catalytic amount of palladium on charcoal as a heterogeneous catalysis with potassium hydroxide as the base in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at 110 °C is accomplished in good yields. The CS bond formation reaction functions under ligand‐free conditions, and the palladium on charcoal catalyst can be is reused for five runs without any loss of activity.
Accelerated Heck reaction using ortho‐palladated complex with controlled microwave heating
Authors: Hajipour Abdol R. , Karami Kazem , Pirisedigh Azadeh
Published: October 2009

Palladium‐catalyzed Heck couplings utilizing [Pd{C6H2(CH2CH2NH2)‐(OMe)2,3,4} (µ‐Br)]2 palladacycle catalyst and microwave irradiation lead to formation of different coupling products. This complex is an active and efficient catalyst for the Heck reaction of aryl iodides, bromides and even less reactive chlorides. The cross‐coupled products were produced in excellent yields. The reaction time was reduced from hours to minutes and full conversion was achieved under microwave irradiation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and properties of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane–polysiloxane copolymers
Authors: Gunji Takahiro , Shioda Takahiro , Tsuchihira Koji , Seki Hiroyasu , Kajiwara Takashi , Abe Yoshimoto
Published: October 2009

All siloxane‐type siloxane–polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane [(HSiO3/2)8, T8H] copolymers were synthesized by the dehydrogenative condensation of T8H with diphenylsilanediol, tetraphenyldisiloxane‐1,3‐diol or silanol‐terminated polydimethylsiloxanes in the presence of diethylhydroxylamine followed by trimethylsilylation. Coating films were prepared by spin‐coating of the coating solutions prepared from the dehydrogenative condensation products. The hardness of the coating films was evaluated by a pencil hardness test and was found to increase up to 6H with increases in the curing temperature. Silica gels were prepared by concentrating the coating solution following by pyrolysis. These silica gels showed a specific surface area 449 m2/g at 650 °C corresponding to the formation of a silica network in response to combustion of the phenyl groups. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ecdysteroid receptor (EcR) is associated with microtubules and with mitochondria in the cytoplasm of prothoracic gland cells of Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera)
Authors: Vafopoulou Xanthe
Published: October 2009

We have shown previously that EcR in larval Rhodnius is present in the cytoplasm of various cell types and undergoes daily cycling in abundance in the cytoplasm (Vafopoulou and Steel, 2006. Cell Tissue Res 323:443–455). It is unknown which organelles are associated with EcR. Here, we report that cytoplasmic EcR in prothoracic gland cells is associated with both microtubules and mitochondria, and discuss the implications for both nuclear and non‐genomic actions of EcR. EcR was localized immunohistochemically using several antibodies to EcR of Manduca and Drosophila and a confocal laser scanning microscope. Double labels were made to visualize EcR and (1) microtubules (using an antibody to tyrosylated α‐tubulin) and (2) mitochondria (using a fluorescent MitoTracker probe), both after stabilization of microtubules with taxol. EcR co‐localized with both tubulin and mitochondria. All the different EcR antibodies produced similar co‐localization patterns. EcR was seen in the perinuclear aggregation of mitochondria, indicating that mitochondria are targets of ecdysone, which could influence mitochondrial gene transcription. EcR was also distributed throughout the microtubule network. Co‐localization of EcR with tubulin or mitochondria was maintained after depolymerization of microtubules with colchicine. Treatment with taxol resulted in accumulation of EcR in the cytoplasm and simultaneous depletion of EcR from the nucleus, suggesting that microtubules may be involved in targeted intracellular transport of EcR to the nucleus (genomic action) or may play a role in rapid ecdysone signal transduction in the extranuclear compartment, i.e., in non‐genomic actions of ecdysone. These findings align EcR more closely with steroid hormone receptors in vertebrates. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Implementing loss distribution approach for operational risk
Authors: Shevchenko Pavel V.
Published: October 2009

In order to quantify the operational risk capital charge under the current regulatory framework for banking supervision, referred to as Basel II, many banks adopt the loss distribution approach. There are many modeling issues that should be resolved to use this approach in practice. In this paper we review the quantitative methods suggested in the literature for the implementation of the approach. In particular, the use of Bayesian inference that allows one to take expert judgement and parameter uncertainty into account, modeling dependence, and inclusion of insurance are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transient expression of human TorsinA enhances secretion of two functionally distinct proteins in cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells
Authors: Jossé Lyne , Smales C. Mark , Tuite Mick F.
Published: October 2009

Cultured mammalian cells, particularly Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, are widely exploited as hosts for the production of recombinant proteins, but often yields are limiting. Such limitations may be due in part to the misfolding and subsequent degradation of the heterologous proteins. Consequently we have determined whether transiently co‐expressing yeast and/or mammalian chaperones that act to disaggregate proteins, in CHO cell lines, improve the levels of either a cytoplasmic (Fluc) or secreted (Gluc) form of luciferase or an immunoglobulin IgG4 molecule. Over‐expression of the yeast ‘protein disaggregase’ Hsp104 in a CHO cell line increased the levels of Fluc more significantly than for Gluc although levels were not further elevated by over‐expression of the yeast or mammalian Hsp70/40 chaperones. Over‐expression of TorsinA, a mammalian protein related in sequence to yeast Hsp104, but located in the ER, significantly increased the level of secreted Gluc from CHO cells by 2.5‐fold and to a lesser extent the secreted levels of a recombinant IgG4 molecule. These observations indicate that the over‐expression of yeast Hsp104 in mammalian cells can improve recombinant protein yield and that over‐expression of TorsinA in the ER can promote secretion of heterologous proteins from mammalian cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010; 105: 556–566. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Triple light chain antibodies: Factors that influence its formation in cell culture
Authors: Gomez Natalia , Vinson Abigail R. , Ouyang Jun , Nguyen Mary D.H. , Chen Xiaoying‐Nancy , Sharma Vikas K. , Yuk Inn H.
Published: October 2009

THIOMABs are recombinant antibodies engineered with reactive cysteines, which can be covalently conjugated to drugs of interest to generate targeted therapeutics. During the analysis of THIOMABs secreted by stably transfected Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells, we discovered the existence of a new species—Triple Light Chain Antibody (3LC). This 3LC species is the product of a disulfide bond formed between an extra light chain and one of the engineered cysteines on the THIOMAB. We characterized the 3LC by size exclusion chromatography, mass spectrometry, and microchip electrophoresis. We also investigated the potential causes of 3LC formation during cell culture, focusing on the effects of free light chain (LC) polypeptide concentration, THIOMAB amino acid sequence, and glutathione (GSH) production. In studies covering 12 THIOMABs produced by 66 stable cell lines, increased free LC polypeptide expression—evaluated as the ratio of mRNA encoding for LC to the mRNA encoding for heavy chain (HC)—correlated with increased 3LC levels. The amino acid sequence of the THIOMAB molecule also impacted its susceptibility to 3LC formation: hydrophilic LC polypeptides showed elevated 3LC levels. Finally, increased GSH production—evaluated as the ratio of the cell‐specific production rate of GSH (qGSH) to the cell‐specific production rate of THIOMAB (qp)—corresponded to decreased 3LC levels. In time‐lapse studies, changes in extracellular 3LC levels during cell culture corresponded to changes in mRNA LC/HC ratio and qGSH/qp ratio. In summary, we found that cell lines with low mRNA LC/HC ratio and high qGSH/qp ratio yielded the lowest levels of 3LC. These findings provide us with factors to consider in selecting a cell line to produce THIOMABs with minimal levels of the 3LC impurity. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010. 105: 748–760. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quality of life after surgical reduction for severe primary lymphoedema of the limbs and genitalia
Authors: Ogunbiyi S O , Modarai B , Smith A , Burnand K G
Published: October 2009

Background

The aim was to assess the quality of life (QoL) of patients who had surgery for primary lymphoedema.

Methods

A QoL questionnaire was administered to patients who had surgery between 1981 and 2003 (retrospective group) and between 2003 and 2006 (prospective group).

Results

The response rate was 70·3 per cent (109 of 155 patients): 88 patients had limb reduction (78, retrospective; ten, prospective) and 21 had genital reduction (13, retrospective; eight, prospective). Forty-nine patients (63 per cent) who had limb reduction studied retrospectively reported satisfaction with the procedure and most of these would opt for surgery again. In the prospectively studied group, nine of ten patients reported improved limbs, and seven would opt for surgery again. Nineteen of 21 patients who had genital reduction would choose to have surgery again if needed (11 of the retrospectively assessed group and all of the prospective group). Patients' perception that surgery was worthwhile was greater in both of the prospectively assessed groups (P = 0·013).

Conclusion

Surgery for severe lymphoedema improved QoL at early assessment. This, however, may not be sustained. Genital reduction appeared to provide greater benefit than limb reduction.
Genetic and environmental influences on the risk of acute appendicitis in twins
Authors: Sadr Azodi O , Andrén-Sandberg Å , Larsson H
Published: October 2009

Background

Acute appendicitis is common but the aetiology is unclear. This study examined the heritability of acute appendicitis.

Methods

The study included twin pairs with known zygosity born between 1959 and 1985. Individuals with acute appendicitis were found by record linkage with the Swedish Inpatient Register. Comparing monodizygotic and dizygotic twins, the similarity and relative proportions of phenotypic variance resulting from genetic and environmental factors were analysed. Risks of acute appendicitis explained by heritability and environmental effects were estimated.

Results

Some 3441 monozygotic and 2429 dizygotic twins were identified. Almost no genetic effects were found in males (8 (95 per cent confidence interval 0 to 50) per cent), but shared (31 (0 to 49) per cent) and non-shared (61 (47 to 74) per cent) environmental factors accounted for this risk. In females, the heritability was estimated as 20 (0 to 36) per cent and the remaining variation was due to non-shared environmental factors (80 (64 to 98) per cent). For the sexes combined, genetic effects accounted for 30 (5 to 40) per cent and non-shared environmental effects for 70 (60 to 81) per cent of the risk.

Conclusion

Acute appendicitis has a complex aetiology with sex differences in heritability and environmental factors.
Varicose veins today
Authors: O'Hare J L , Earnshaw J J
Published: October 2009

Moving towards outpatient intervention
Understanding environmental management practices: integrating views from strategic management and ecological economics
Authors: Lucas Marilyn T.
Published: October 2009

This paper proposes an integrating framework, based on theoretical concepts from the fields of strategic management and ecological economics, to enhance our understanding of environmental management practices (EMPs) and their relationship to sustainable competitive advantage. Starting with an expansion of the resource‐based view of the firm to include the natural environment, the article next engages the interdisciplinary field of ecological economics and its thermodynamic approach to ‘joint production’ to provide additional insights into the challenges and opportunities brought by a bio‐physically constrained economy. Informed by this understanding, the article then categorizes examples of EMPs drawn from the literature and discusses their potential impact on competitiveness. The paper concludes with a discussion of implications for future research in the hope that the proposed framework will stimulate debate and lead to a fuller understanding of the impact of environmental management in the 21st century. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Molecular Mechanism of the Hydration of Candida antarctica Lipase B in the Gas Phase: Water Adsorption Isotherms and Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Branco Ricardo J. F. , Graber Marianne , Denis Vinciane , Pleiss Jürgen
Published: October 2009

Hydration is a major determinant of activity and selectivity of enzymes in organic solvents or in gas phase. The molecular mechanism of the hydration of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) and its dependence on the thermodynamic activity of water (aw) was studied by molecular dynamics simulations and compared to experimentally determined water sorption isotherms. Hydration occurred in two phases. At low water activity, single water molecules bound to specific water binding sites at the protein surface. As the water activity increased, water networks gradually developed. The number of protein‐bound water molecules increased linearly with aw, until at aw=0.5 a spanning water network was formed consisting of 311 water molecules, which covered the hydrophilic surface of CALB, with the exception of the hydrophobic substrate‐binding site. At higher water activity, the thickness of the hydration shell increased up to 10 Å close to aw=1. Above a limit of 1600 protein‐bound water molecules the hydration shell becomes unstable and the formation of pure water droplets occurs in these oversaturated simulation conditions. While the structure and the overall flexibility of CALB was independent of the hydration state, the flexibility of individual loops was sensitive to hydration: some loops, such as those part of the substrate‐binding site, became more flexible, while other parts of the protein became more rigid upon hydration. However, the molecular mechanism of how flexibility is related to activity and selectivity is still elusive.
Microwave‐Assisted Functionalization of Carbon Nanostructures in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Guryanov Ivan , Toma Francesca Maria , Montellano López Alejandro , Carraro Mauro , Da Ros Tatiana , Angelini Guido , D'Aurizio Eleonora , Fontana Antonella , Maggini Michele , Prato Maurizio , Bonchio Marcella
Published: October 2009

The effect of microwave (MW) irradiation and ionic liquids (IL) on the cycloaddition of azomethine ylides to [60]fullerene has been investigated by screening the reaction protocol with regard to the IL medium composition, the applied MW power, and the simultaneous cooling of the system. [60]Fullerene conversion up to 98 % is achieved in 2–10 min, by using a 1:3 mixture of the IL 1‐methyl‐3‐n‐octyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([omim]BF4) and o‐dichlorobenzene, and an applied power as low as 12 W. The mono‐ versus poly‐addition selectivity to [60]fullerene can be tuned as a function of fullerene concentration. The reaction scope includes aliphatic, aromatic, and fluorous‐tagged (FT) derivatives. MW irradiation of IL‐structured bucky gels is instrumental for the functionalization of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), yielding group coverages of up to one functional group per 60 carbon atoms of the SWNT network. An improved performance is obtained in low viscosity bucky gels, in the order [bmim]BF4> [omim]BF4> [hvim]TF2N (bmim=1‐methyl‐3‐n‐butyl imidazolium; hvim=1‐vinyl‐3‐n‐hexadecyl imidazolium). With this protocol, the introduction of fluorous‐tagged pyrrolidine moieties onto the SWNT surface (1/108 functional coverage) yields novel FT‐CNS (carbon nanostructures) with high affinity for fluorinated phases.
Observing Second‐Order Nonlinear Optical Properties by Symmetry Breaking in Centrosymmetric Furan‐Containing Oligoaryl Cyclophandienes
Authors: Lin Hsin‐Chieh , Hsu Jui‐Hung , Lee Chao‐Kuei , Tai Oliver Yung‐Hui , Wang Chin‐Hsien , Chou Chih‐Ming , Chen Kuang‐Yen , Wu Yi‐Lin , Luh Tien‐Yau
Published: October 2009

Centrosymmetric furan‐containing cyclophandienes 3 and 4, synthesized by our furan annulation protocol, have been shown to exhibit extraordinarily large Stokes shifts and second‐order nonlinear optical β values. The β values for 3 and 4 measured at 1.32 μm are 208 and 530×10−30 esu, respectively. The β values of 3 and 4 are similar to those of respective cyclophenes 1 a and 7 in which strong hyperpoarizable interactions between two twisted π‐systems (oligoaryl and bridging double bond) might take place. Symmetry breaking due to the resonance contribution (cf. 2) and the unique structural features of 3 and 4 has been used to account for this unusual photophysical behavior.
Synthesis of N‐Substituted‐2‐Aminobenzothiazoles by Ligand‐Free Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of 2‐Haloanilines with Isothiocyanates
Authors: Shen Guodong , Lv Xin , Bao Weiliang
Published: October 2009

A novel and efficient formation of N‐substituted‐2‐aminobenzothiazoles by a ligand‐free copper(I)‐catalyzed one‐pot cascade process was developed. A variety of isothiocyanates coupled with 2‐iodoanilines to give N‐substituted‐2‐aminobenzothiazoles in moderate to excellent yields under mild conditions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Imitation of emotion: When meaning leads to aversion
Authors: van der Velde Sytske W. , Stapel Diederik A. , Gordijn Ernestine H.
Published: October 2009

Can imitation lead to less liking? Previous research on mimicry and imitation suggests that imitation should lead to more liking, at least when it concerns neutral behaviours. In the present studies, we looked at behaviour with a clear message: Facial expressions. As predicted, we found in two studies that an affiliative facial expression (happiness) leads to more liking when imitated, whereas a non‐affiliative facial expression (anger) leads to less liking when imitated. Thus, imitating someone does not always lead to more liking: Imitating behaviour that communicates an unfriendly message can have negative consequences. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Population structure of common shrubs and trees in Wadi Allaqi Biosphere Reserve, South‐East Egypt
Authors: Shaltout K. H. , Sheded M. G. , Salem A. H.
Published: October 2009

The aim of the present study is to analyze the structure of the populations of eight common shrubs and trees in Wadi Allaqi Biosphere Reserve (South‐East Egypt) through demographic survey of the plants. This study is special important for the populations of trees and shrubs that are continuously subjected to overuses such as cutting, overgrazes and other constraints. For achieving this, 112 stands were selected at 19 locations distributes in the upstream, midstream and downstream parts, including the different Wadi tributaries. The locations and stands were selected to present a wide range of physiographic and environmental variation in each tributary. In each location, sampling stands were situated randomly. For each species in each stand, the height and several crown diameters of each individual depending on its uniformity were measured. The size frequency distributions of Acacia ehrenbergiana, Tamarix nilotica, Salsola imbricata and Leptadenia pyrotechnica populations were either inverse‐J‐shaped or positively skewed which may represent rapidly growing populations with high reproductive capacity. Such distributions may also indicate a high juvenile mortality. In these populations, the younger individuals are preponderant than the older ones, which is an indication of strength and success of the species, it is mostly due to victorious germination and survival of seedlings. On contrast, the other four species, Acacia tortilis subsp. raddiana, Calotropis procera, Acacia tortilis subsp. tortilis and Balanites aegyptiaca have a tendency towards the J‐shaped or negatively skewed distribution. Such distributions characterize the declining population of limited regenerations capacity (the population has higher proportions of large individuals than the smaller ones). (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Associative recognition and the hippocampus: Differential effects of hippocampal lesions on object‐place, object‐context and object‐place‐context memory
Authors: Langston Rosamund F. , Wood Emma R.
Published: October 2009

The hippocampus is thought to be required for the associative recognition of objects together with the spatial or temporal contexts in which they occur. However, recent data showing that rats with fornix lesions perform as well as controls in an object‐place task, while being impaired on an object‐place‐context task (Eacott and Norman (2004) J Neurosci 24:1948–1953), suggest that not all forms of context‐dependent associative recognition depend on the integrity of the hippocampus. To examine the role of the hippocampus in context‐dependent recognition directly, the present study tested the effects of large, selective, bilateral hippocampus lesions in rats on performance of a series of spontaneous recognition memory tasks: object recognition, object‐place recognition, object‐context recognition and object‐place‐context recognition. Consistent with the effects of fornix lesions, animals with hippocampus lesions were impaired only on the object‐place‐context task. These data confirm that not all forms of context‐dependent associative recognition are mediated by the hippocampus. Subsequent experiments suggested that the object‐place task does not require an allocentric representation of space, which could account for the lack of impairment following hippocampus lesions. Importantly, as the object‐place‐context task has similar spatial requirements, the selective deficit in object‐place‐context recognition suggests that this task requires hippocampus‐dependent neural processes distinct from those required for allocentric spatial memory, or for object memory, object‐place memory or object‐context memory. Two possibilities are that object, place, and context information converge only in the hippocampus, or that recognition of integrated object‐place‐context information requires a hippocampus‐dependent mode of retrieval, such as recollection. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spatial delineation of soil erosion vulnerability in the Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Setegn Shimelis G. , Srinivasan Ragahavan , Dargahi Bijan , Melesse Assefa M.
Published: October 2009

The main objective of this study was to identify the most vulnerable areas to soil erosion in the Lake Tana Basin, Blue Nile, Ethiopia using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a physically based distributed hydrological model, and a Geographic Information System based decision support system that uses multi‐criteria evaluation (MCE). The SWAT model was used to estimate the sediment yield within each sub‐basin and identify the most sediment contributing areas in the basin. Using the MCE analysis, an attempt was made to combine a set of factors (land use, soil, slope and river layers) to make a decision according to the stated objective. On the basis of simulated SWAT, sediment yields greater than 30 tons/ha for each of the sub‐basin area, 18·4% of the watershed was determined to be high erosion potential area. The MCE results indicated that 12–30·5% of the watershed is high erosion potential area. Both approaches show comparable watershed area with high soil erosion susceptibility. The output of this research can aid policy and decision makers in determining the soil erosion ‘hot spots’ and the relevant soil and water conservation measures. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Artificial neural network modelling of concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and dissolved oxygen in a non‐point source polluted river in Zhejiang Province, southeast China
Authors: Chen Dingjiang , Lu Jun , Shen Yena
Published: October 2009

A back‐propagation algorithm neural network (BPNN) was developed to synchronously simulate concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved oxygen (DO) in response to agricultural non‐point source pollution (AGNPS) for any month and location in the Changle River, southeast China. Monthly river flow, water temperature, flow travel time, rainfall and upstream TN, TP and DO concentrations were selected as initial inputs of the BPNN through coupling correlation analysis and quadratic polynomial stepwise regression analysis for the outputs, i.e. downstream TN, TP and DO concentrations. The input variables and number of hidden nodes of the BPNN were then optimized using a combination of growing and pruning methods. The final structure of the BPNN was determined from simulated data based on experimental data for both the training and validation phases. The predicted values obtained using a BPNN consisting of the seven initial input variables (described above), one hidden layer with four nodes and three output variables matched well with observed values. The model indicated that decreasing upstream input concentrations during the dry season and control of NPS along the reach during average and flood seasons may be an effective way to improve Changle River water quality. If the necessary water quality and hydrology data are available, the methodology developed here can easily be applied to other case studies. The BPNN model is an easy‐to‐use modelling tool for managers to obtain rapid preliminary identification of spatiotemporal water quality variations in response to natural and artificial modifications of an agricultural drainage river. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of the intravascular microenvironment in spontaneous metastasis development
Authors: Zhang Qingbei , Yang Meng , Shen Jikun , Gerhold Lynnette M. , Hoffman Robert M , Xing H.Rosie
Published: October 2009

Metastasis is primarily responsible for the morbidity and mortality of cancer. Improved therapeutic outcomes and prognosis depend on improved understanding of mechanisms regulating the establishment of early metastasis. In this study, use of green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐expressing PC‐3 orthotopic model of human prostate cancer and two complementary fluorescence in vivo imaging systems (Olympus OV100 and VisEn FMT) allowed for the first time real‐time characterization of cancer cell–endothelium interactions during spontaneous metastatic colonization of the liver and lung in live mice. We observed that prior to the detection of extra‐vascular metastases, GFP‐expressing PC‐3 cancer cells resided initially inside the blood vessels of the liver and the lung, where they proliferated and expressed Ki‐67 and exhibited matrix metalloprotenases (MMP) activity. Thus, the intravascular cancer cells produced their own microenvironment, where they could continue to proliferate. Extravasation occurred earlier in the lung than in the liver. Our results demonstrate that the intravascular microenvironment is a critical staging area for the development of metastasis that later can invade the parenchyma. Intravascular tumor cells may represent a therapeutic target to inhibit the development of extravascular metastases. Therefore, this imageable model of intravascular metastasis may be used for evaluation of novel anti‐metastatic agents.
An optimum strategy for solution chemistry using semiempirical molecular orbital method: Importance of description of charge distribution
Authors: Takenaka Norio , Koyano Yoshiyuki , Nakagawa Yukinori , Nagaoka Masataka
Published: October 2009

For the purpose to execute direct dynamics calculation in solution chemistry, we propose an optimum strategy for solution chemistry using semiempirical molecular orbital (MO) method with neglect of diatomic differential overlap (NDDO) approximation with specific solution reaction parameters (SSRP), i.e., the NDDO‐SSRP method. In this strategy, the empirical parameters of the semi‐empirical MO method were optimized individually for target molecule or ion by reference to the ab initio MO calculation data for many configurations on the potential energy surface near the reaction path. For demonstration, the NDDO‐SSRP method was applied to two molecules and two ions (OH−, H2O, NH3, NH4+) at their equilibrium states in aqueous solution, respectively. Accordingly, it was verified that both the potential energy surface and the charge distribution of these solutes in aqueous solution are dramatically improved to reproduce themselves accurately at ab initio MO calculation level. In conclusion, it is expected that the NDDO‐SSRP method should become quite useful for dynamic and statistical applications to chemical reaction systems in solution. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Practicing psychology in the art gallery: Vernon Lee's aesthetics of empathy
Authors: Lanzoni Susan
Published: October 2009

Late nineteenth‐century psychologists and aestheticians were fascinated by the study of psychological and physiological aspects of aesthetic response, and the British intellectual and aesthete Vernon Lee was a major participant in this venture. Working outside the academy, Lee conducted informal experiments with Clementina Anstruther‐Thomson, recording changes in respiration, balance, emotion, and body movements in response to aesthetic form. In fashioning her aesthetics of empathy, she mined a wealth of psychological theories of the period including motor theories of mind, physiological theories of emotion, evolutionary models of the usefulness of art, and, most prominently, the empathic projection of feeling and movement into form. Lee distributed questionnaires, contributed to scientific journals, carried out her own introspective studies, and debated aesthetics with leading psychologists. This paper critiques the prevailing view of Lee's aesthetics as a displaced sign of her gender or sexuality, and questions her status as simply an amateur in the field of psychology. Instead, I argue that Lee's empirically based empathy theory of art was a significant contribution to debates on psychological aesthetics at the outset of the twentieth century, offering a synthesis of Lipps's mentalistic Einfühlung and sensation‐based imitation theories of aesthetic response. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Personality and culture, the Social Science Research Council, and liberal social engineering: The Advisory Committee on Personality and Culture, 1930–1934
Authors: Bryson Dennis
Published: October 2009

The field of personality and culture was given a significant impetus during the 1930s with the establishment of the Advisory Committee on Personality and Culture (1930–1934) by the Social Science Research Council. This committee provided an early formulation of personality and culture that emphasized the interdisciplinary focus on the processes of personality formation within small‐scale social settings. The committee's formulation also coupled personality and culture with a liberal social engineering approach geared toward cultural reconstruction. Major social scientists and clinicians were involved in the activities of the committee, including Edward Sapir, W. I. Thomas, E. W. Burgess, E. A. Bott, Robert S. Woodworth, Harry Stack Sullivan, C. M. Hincks, and Adolf Meyer. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficacy of new commercial formulations to control downy mildew and dissipation of their active fungicides in wine after good agricultural practices
Authors: González‐Rodríguez Rosa M , Cancho‐Grande Beatriz , Simal‐Gándara Jesús
Published: October 2009

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of common fungicides to control downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) in vines decreases when the same commercial formulations are applied over several years. For this reason, new commercial formulations (containing new fungicides) have to offer to grape‐growers to increase the efficacy of antifungal treatments. The efficacy of five new commercial formulations (Cabrio Top, Equation Pro, Fantic M, Mikal Premium and Fobeci) to control downy mildew in an experimental vineyard producing white grapes (Vitis vinifera cv. Godello) was studied. All these products have in common a new fungicide (pyraclostrobin, famoxadone, benalaxyl‐M, iprovalicarb and benalaxyl, respectively) in their chemical formulation.

RESULTS: Two commercial formulations, Cabrio Top and Fobeci, gave the highest efficacy to control this fungal disease. Once treated white grapes were harvested, the fate of these fungicides from vine to wine was studied. The white winemaking process allowed the dissipation of fungicide residues in high percentages (∼95%), except for iprovalicarb (45%). Concentrations in final filtered white wines were close to or lower than 0.01 mg L−1 for all detected fungicides except iprovalicarb and fludioxonil. The following dissipation rate was found: famoxadone > cyprodinil > pyraclostrobin > benalaxyl > folpet > fludioxonil > benalaxyl‐M > penconazole > iprovalicarb.

CONCLUSION: From the data obtained in the vinification process, estimated maximum residue levels for white wines were proposed for future EU legislation to control the presence of pesticides in white wines. Thereby one helps to assure also the wine quality and protection of consumer health. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Women's narratives on experiences of work ability and functioning in fibromyalgia
Authors: Sallinen Merja , Kukkurainen Marja Leena , Peltokallio Liisa , Mikkelsson Marja
Published: October 2009

Background: Fibromyalgia is a significant health problem for women of working age. However, little is known about the long‐term effects of fibromyalgia in everyday life or on work ability.

Methods: A narrative interview study was conducted to explore the experiences of work ability and functioning of patients with a long history of fibromyalgia. Twenty women, aged 34–65 years, were purposively chosen for the interviews, to reach a wide range of patients with different social and professional backgrounds.

Results: Four types of experience concerning work ability were identified in the narratives: confusion, coping with fluctuating symptoms, being ‘in between’ and being over the edge of exhaustion. Severe pain and fatigue symptoms, combined with a demanding life situation and ageing, seemed to lead to substantial decrease in work ability and functioning over the long term. In the narratives, vocational rehabilitation or adjustments to work tasks were rarely seen or were started too late to be effective.

Conclusions: Exploring the life stories of women with fibromyalgia can reveal the perceived causes and consequences of fibromyalgia related to work ability or disability, which can be utilized in developing client‐centred rehabilitation approaches and effective interventions to support work ability and avoid premature retirement in fibromyalgia patients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tell me who you are, and I will tell you how you feel?
Authors: Kämpfe Nicole , Mitte Kristin
Published: October 2009

Surprisingly little is known about the suggested mediator role of emotional intelligence and mood‐regulation regarding the relationship between personality and subjective well‐being. Three independent samples were administered to investigate whether EI and mood‐regulation served as mediators for subjective well‐being beyond personality. Using structural equation modelling, the authors demonstrated the superior role of extraversion and neuroticism in explaining satisfaction with life, happiness, positive and negative affect. Consistent mediation effects were found for the trait meta‐mood of repair. Contrary to expectations, the remaining variables (attention, clarity, self‐efficacy of affect regulation) did not mediate the relationship between personality and well‐being; neither did they show substantial incremental validity in explaining variance in SWB. Results are discussed with regard to methodological issues and practical implications. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Legal issues in school health services and school psychology: Guidelines for the administration of medication
Authors: Mazur‐Mosiewicz Anna , Pierson Eric E. , McIntosh David E.
Published: October 2009

The use of psychoactive medications to augment behavioral and psychosocial interventions in schools has significantly increased within the last few decades. Yet, advising, administrating, and supervising the dispensation of medication (including psychostimulants and psychoactive substances) tend to be some of the most risky tasks of school administrators and personnel. Medication administration is not only an increasing source of civil and administrative liability for school districts, but may lead to legal questions for school counselors, psychologists, and social workers. In response to growing concerns, this article provides guidelines necessary for safe medication administration and monitoring in the school setting. Federal, state, and district guidelines are reviewed. Possible implications for school and district policy makers, principals, teachers, school nurses, school psychologists, social workers, counselors, and parents are outlined. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.