bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La fabrique du globe : une histoire culturelle de la science dans la baie du Bengale
Authors: Sivasundaram Sujit
Published: July 2022

De Madras à Singapour, via la baie du Bengale et le littoral de Sumatra, cet article propose une histoire de la construction des savoirs au xixe siècle, construction entendue comme un processus de création et de reconfiguration centré sur trois concepts : le globe, l’empire et le moi. À partir d’une série d’expériences menées au début du xixe siècle afin de déterminer la courbure de la Terre à l’aide de pendules, cet article adopte ensuite une perspective plus généraliste, pour examiner comment les changements de concepts et d’échelles ont joué un rôle central dans l’élaboration d’un régime de big data. Le traitement des données reposait sur une variété de disciplines scientifiques et de territoires, en mer et sur terre. Au gré de l’avancée de ce projet de « fabrique du globe », par exemple au sein de l’observatoire de Madras, les colonies impériales ont pu être localisées grâce à des coordonnées précises. Ce fut le cas du Singapour britannique. Ce faisant, les intellectuels autochtones, comme Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir (1797-1854), devaient trouver leur place dans ce monde de libre-échange impérial. Le nouveau modèle de fabrique du globe a engendré un phénomène de détachement vis-à-vis des lieux et des individus, dans la mesure où ces derniers se voyaient attribuer une position fixe sur le globe, entraînant ainsi l’effacement de l’informateur autochtone, qui constituait jusqu’ici une figure centrale des travaux consacrés à l’histoire des sciences. En liant la fabrique du globe au destin des intermédiaires, cet article rappelle la nécessité de replacer l’agentivité des autochtones dans le domaine scientifique au cœur de récits plus vastes, portant sur le travail, le capital et l’expansion impériale. Cet article procède également à une contextualisation croisée des sources coloniales et autochtones, sans en réifier aucunes.
Ángel Fernández de los Ríos : écrire et publier la transformation de Madrid par temps de révolution (1868-1876)
Authors: Garnier Gautier
Published: July 2022

Cet article analyse la manière dont l’écrivain et journaliste Ángel Fernández de los Ríos (1821-1880) s’impose comme le responsable des grands travaux de Madrid à l’occasion de la révolution qui éclate en Espagne en 1868. L’accent est mis sur les actions d’écriture et de publication entre presse et institution municipale. En adressant à des journaux madrilènes ainsi qu’à la municipalité révolutionnaire de la capitale des extraits de son manuscrit El Futuro Madrid en octobre 1868, il retient l’attention des nouvelles autorités locales. Ces dernières financent l’édition de son manuscrit et l’invitent à mettre en œuvre ses propositions. Élu conseiller municipal en décembre 1868, il est nommé, en janvier 1869, à la tête de la commission en charge des grands travaux. En outre, on lui confie la tâche d’éditer l’organe officiel de la municipalité, le Boletín Oficial del Ayuntamiento qui paraît à compter de mars 1869. Ce bulletin a pour principal objet de décrire l’avancée des travaux entrepris par la municipalité. En 1876, Fernández de los Ríos publie un Guía de Madrid qui, sous l’apparence d’un guide touristique, se révèle être une défense et une illustration de ses actions édilitaires et de celles de la municipalité révolutionnaire, quelques mois seulement après la restauration des Bourbons sur le trône d’Espagne.
Using Inquiry-Based Learning Approaches to Teach Undergraduate Geography
Authors: Spronken-Smith Rachel A. , Kingham Simon , Ohlemüller Ralf A.
Published: July 2022

This chapter discusses the use of inquiry-based approaches in teaching geography. Following an introduction of definitions for inquiry approaches and how they might be used in teaching, two case studies are presented. The cases involve similar final-year research methods courses in which students work in groups to address real-world issues or problems. Both courses are highly rated by students, and there is evidence of students attaining high-level learning outcomes. The benefits and challenges of teaching using inquiry approaches are discussed, and articles for the use of inquiry-based approaches in other geography contexts are provided. Finally, recommendations are provided for teachers wishing to use such approaches, whether they wish to incorporate small inquiry activities in their courses through to the use of inquiry assignments or the design of an inquiry course.
Hybrid Sea Lion Crow Search Algorithm-Based Stacked Autoencoder for Drug Sensitivity Prediction From Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Mahajan Rupali A. , Shaikh Nilofer Karim , Tikhe Atharva Balkrishna , Vyas Renu , Chavan Smita M.
Published: July 2022

Providing better therapy to cancer patients remains a major task due to drug resistance of tumor cells. This paper proposes a sea lion crow search algorithm (SLCSA) for drug sensitivity prediction. The drug sensitivity from cultured cell lines is predicted using stacked autoencoder, and the proposed SLCSA is derived from a combination of sea lion optimization (SLnO) and crow search algorithm (CSA). The implemented approach has offered superior results. The maximum value of testing accuracy for normal is 0.920, leukemia is 0.920, NSCLC is 0.912, and urogenital is 0.914.
The Study on the Needs of English Skills in Economics and Management Industries Based on Mobile Big Data Management and Innovative Applications
Authors: Jing Cui , Wang Dianbing
Published: July 2022

Based on the theory of needs analysis and the "target situation needs" model, a questionnaire and interview were used to investigate the current social needs for employees' English proficiency, focusing on five issues: (1) the trend of enterprises' needs for employees' English ability, (2) the evaluation of enterprises' English literacy of employees, (3) the characteristics of job needs for English skills (listening, speaking, reading, writing and translation), (4) the social recognition of various English qualification certificates, and (5) the evaluation of ESP courses. Therefore, the author puts forward the necessity and urgency of the application of AI technology in English teaching, reiterates the necessity of specialization, integration and lifetime of vocational education, and actively reforms the traditional language laboratory into a multi-functional teaching model with AI, VR, human-computer interaction system, promotes the transformation of English vocational education model from single EGP to dual model of EGP and ESP.
SM03, an Anti-CD22 Antibody, Converts Cis-to-Trans Ligand Binding of CD22 against α2,6-Linked Sialic Acid Glycans and Immunomodulates Systemic Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Wong Kin L , Li Zhengdong , Ma Felix , Wang Dong , Song Nan , Chong Chi H , Luk Ka K , Leung Shui O
Published: July 2022

SM03, an anti-CD22 recombinant IgG1 mAb, is currently in a phase III clinical trial for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (NCT04312815). SM03 showed good safety and efficacy in phase I systemic lupus erythematosus and phase II moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials. We propose the success of SM03 as a therapeutic to systemic autoimmune diseases is through the utilization of a novel mechanism of action unique to SM03. CD22, an inhibitory coreceptor of the BCR, is a potential immunotherapeutic target against autoimmune diseases. SM03 could disturb the CD22 homomultimeric configuration through disrupting cis binding to α2,6-linked sialic acids, induce rapid internalization of CD22 from the cell surface of human B cells, and facilitate trans binding between CD22 to human autologous cells. This in turn increased the activity of the downstream immunomodulatory molecule Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1 (SHP-1) and decreased BCR-induced NF-κB activation in human B cells and B cell proliferation. This mechanism of action gives rationale to support the significant amelioration of disease and good safety profile in clinical trials, as by enabling the “self” recognition mechanism of CD22 via trans binding to α2,6 sialic acid ligands on autologous cells, SM03 specifically restores immune tolerance of B cells to host tissues without affecting the normal B cell immune response to pathogens.
Tissue-Resident Memory CD4+ T Cells Play a Dominant Role in the Initiation of Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zhu Zhaohui , Modrak Samantha , Little Alex
Published: July 2022

Tumor immunology has been studied extensively. Tumor immunology–based cancer immunotherapy has become one of the most promising approaches for cancer treatment. However, one of the fundamental aspects of tumor immunology—the initiation of antitumor immunity—is not fully understood. Compared to that of CD8+ T cells, the effect of CD4+ T cells on antitumor immunity has not been fully appreciated. Using a gene knockout mouse model, the mice of which are deficient in the TCRα repertoire, specifically lacking invariant NKT and mucosal-associated invariant T cells, we found that the deficiency in TCRα repertoire diversity did not affect the antitumor immunity, at least to B16BL6 melanoma and EO771 breast cancer. However, after acquiring thymocytes or splenocytes from wild-type mice, these knockout mice exhibited greatly enhanced and long-lasting antitumor immunity. This enhanced antitumor immunity depended on CD4+ T cells, especially CD4+ tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells, but not invariant NKT or CD8+ T cells. We also present evidence that CD4+ TRM cells initiate antitumor immunity through IFN-γ, and the process is dependent on NK cells. The CD4+ TRM/NK axis appears to control tumor formation and development by eliminating tumor cells and modulating the tumor microenvironment. Taken together, our results demonstrated that CD4+ TRM cells play a dominant role in the initiation of antitumor immunity.
Glycolipid Metabolite β-Glucosylceramide Is a Neutrophil Extracellular Trap–Inducing Ligand of Mincle Released during Bacterial Infection and Inflammation
Authors: Sharma Atul , Chauhan Arun , Chauhan Pooja , Evans Dustin L , Szlabick Randolph E , Aaland Mary O , Mishra Bibhuti B , Sharma Jyotika
Published: July 2022

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are implicated in host defense and inflammatory pathologies alike. A wide range of pathogen- and host-derived factors are known to induce NETs, yet the knowledge about specific receptor–ligand interactions in this response is limited. We previously reported that macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) regulates NET formation. In this article, we identify glycosphingolipid β-glucosylceramide (β-GlcCer) as a specific NET-inducing ligand of Mincle. We found that purified β-GlcCer induced NETs in mouse primary neutrophils in vitro and in vivo, and this effect was abrogated in Mincle deficiency. Cell-free β-GlcCer accumulated in the lungs of pneumonic mice, which correlated with pulmonary NET formation in wild-type, but not in Mincle−/−, mice infected intranasally with Klebsiella pneumoniae. Although leukocyte infiltration by β-GlcCer administration in vivo did not require Mincle, NETs induced by this sphingolipid were important for bacterial clearance during Klebsiella infection. Mechanistically, β-GlcCer did not activate reactive oxygen species formation in neutrophils but required autophagy and glycolysis for NET formation, because ATG4 inhibitor NSC185058, as well as glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose, abrogated β-GlcCer–induced NETs. Forced autophagy activation by tamoxifen could overcome the inhibitory effect of glycolysis blockage on β-GlcCer–mediated NET formation, suggesting that autophagy activation is sufficient to induce NETs in response to this metabolite in the absence of glycolysis. Finally, β-GlcCer accumulated in the plasma of patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and its levels correlated with the extent of systemic NET formation in these patients. Overall, our results posit β-GlcCer as a potent NET-inducing ligand of Mincle with diagnostic and therapeutic potential in inflammatory disease settings.
Genetic Deletion of LRP5 and LRP6 in Macrophages Exacerbates Colitis-Associated Systemic Inflammation and Kidney Injury in Response to Intestinal Commensal Microbiota
Authors: Manoharan Indumathi , Swafford Daniel , Shanmugam Arulkumaran , Patel Nikhil , Prasad Puttur D , Mohamed Riyaz , Wei Qingqing , Dong Zheng , Thangaraju Muthusamy , Manicassamy Santhakumar
Published: July 2022

Extraintestinal manifestations are common in inflammatory bowel disease and involve several organs, including the kidney. However, the mechanisms responsible for renal manifestation in inflammatory bowel disease are not known. In this study, we show that the Wnt–lipoprotein receptor-related proteins 5 and 6 (LRP5/6) signaling pathway in macrophages plays a critical role in regulating colitis-associated systemic inflammation and renal injury in a murine dextran sodium sulfate–induced colitis model. Conditional deletion of the Wnt coreceptors LRP5/6 in macrophages in mice results in enhanced susceptibility to dextran sodium sulfate colitis-induced systemic inflammation and acute kidney injury (AKI). Furthermore, our studies show that aggravated colitis-associated systemic inflammation and AKI observed in LRP5/6LysM mice are due to increased bacterial translocation to extraintestinal sites and microbiota-dependent increased proinflammatory cytokine levels in the kidney. Conversely, depletion of the gut microbiota mitigated colitis-associated systemic inflammation and AKI in LRP5/6LysM mice. Mechanistically, LRP5/6-deficient macrophages were hyperresponsive to TLR ligands and produced higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines, which are associated with increased activation of MAPKs. These results reveal how the Wnt–LRP5/6 signaling in macrophages controls colitis-induced systemic inflammation and AKI.
New Insights into the Mechanisms of Proteasome-Mediated Peptide Splicing Learned from Comparing Splicing Efficiency by Different Proteasome Subtypes
Authors: Ferrari Violette , Stroobant Vincent , Abi Habib Joanna , Naulaerts Stefan , Van den Eynde Benoit J , Vigneron Nathalie
Published: July 2022

By tying peptide fragments originally distant in parental proteins, the proteasome can generate spliced peptides that are recognized by CTL. This occurs by transpeptidation involving a peptide-acyl-enzyme intermediate and another peptide fragment present in the catalytic chamber. Four main subtypes of proteasomes exist: the standard proteasome (SP), the immunoproteasome, and intermediate proteasomes β1-β2-β5i (single intermediate proteasome) and β1i-β2-β5i (double intermediate proteasome). In this study, we use a tandem mass tag–quantification approach to study the production of six spliced human antigenic peptides by the four proteasome subtypes. Peptides fibroblast growth factor-5172-176/217-220, tyrosinase368-373/336-340, and gp10040-42/47-52 are better produced by the SP than the other proteasome subtypes. The peptides SP110296-301/286-289, gp100195-202/191or192, and gp10047-52/40-42 are better produced by the immunoproteasome and double intermediate proteasome. The current model of proteasome-catalyzed peptide splicing suggests that the production of a spliced peptide depends on the abundance of the peptide splicing partners. Surprisingly, we found that despite the fact that reciprocal peptides RTK_QLYPEW (gp10040-42/47-52) and QLYPEW_RTK (gp10047-52/40-42) are composed of identical splicing partners, their production varies differently according to the proteasome subtype. These differences were maintained after in vitro digestions involving identical amounts of the splicing fragments. Our results indicate that the amount of splicing partner is not the only factor driving peptide splicing and suggest that peptide splicing efficiency also relies on other factors, such as the affinity of the C-terminal splice reactant for the primed binding site of the catalytic subunit.
Epigenetic Reprogramming Leads to Downregulation of CD4 and Functional Changes in African Green Monkey Memory CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Rahmberg Andrew R , Markowitz Tovah E , Mudd Joseph C , Hirsch Vanessa , Brenchley Jason M
Published: July 2022

African green monkeys (AGMs), Chlorocebus pygerythrus, are a natural host for a lentivirus related to HIV, SIV. SIV-infected AGMs rarely progress to AIDS despite robust viral replication. Though multiple mechanisms are involved, a primary component is the animals’ ability to downregulate CD4 expression on mature CD4+ Th cells, rendering these cells resistant to infection by SIV. These CD8αα+ T cells retain functional characteristics of CD4+ Th cells while simultaneously acquiring abilities of cytotoxic CD8αβ+ T cells. To determine mechanisms underlying functional differences between T cell subsets in AGMs, chromatin accessibility in purified populations was determined by assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing. Differences in chromatin accessibility alone were sufficient to cluster cells by subtype, and accessibility at the CD4 locus reflected changes in CD4 expression. DNA methylation at the CD4 locus also correlated with inaccessible chromatin. By associating accessible regions with nearby genes, gene expression was found to correlate with accessibility changes. T cell and immune system activation pathways were identified when comparing regions that changed accessibility from CD4+ T cells to CD8αα+ T cells. Different transcription factor binding sites are revealed as chromatin accessibility changes, and these differences may elicit downstream changes in differentiation. This comprehensive description of the epigenetic landscape of AGM T cells identified genes and pathways that could have translational value in therapeutic approaches recapitulating the protective effects CD4 downregulation.
Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis–Specific Th22 Cells and the Effect of Tuberculosis Disease and HIV Coinfection
Authors: Makatsa Mohau S , Omondi F Millicent A , Bunjun Rubina , Wilkinson Robert J , Riou Catherine , Burgers Wendy A
Published: July 2022

The development of a highly effective tuberculosis (TB) vaccine is likely dependent on our understanding of what constitutes a protective immune response to TB. Accumulating evidence suggests that CD4+ T cells producing IL-22, a distinct subset termed “Th22” cells, may contribute to protective immunity to TB. Thus, we characterized Mycobacterium tuberculosis–specific Th22 (and Th1 and Th17) cells in 72 people with latent TB infection or TB disease, with and without HIV-1 infection. We investigated the functional properties (IFN-γ, IL-22, and IL-17 production), memory differentiation (CD45RA, CD27, and CCR7), and activation profile (HLA-DR) of M. tuberculosis–specific CD4+ T cells. In HIV-uninfected individuals with latent TB infection, we detected abundant circulating IFN-γ–producing CD4+ T cells (median, 0.93%) and IL-22–producing CD4+ T cells (median, 0.46%) in response to M. tuberculosis. The frequency of IL-17–producing CD4+ T cells was much lower, at a median of 0.06%. Consistent with previous studies, IL-22 was produced by a distinct subset of CD4+ T cells and not coexpressed with IL-17. M. tuberculosis–specific IL-22 responses were markedly reduced (median, 0.08%) in individuals with TB disease and HIV coinfection compared with IFN-γ responses. M. tuberculosis–specific Th22 cells exhibited a distinct memory and activation phenotype compared with Th1 and Th17 cells. Furthermore, M. tuberculosis–specific IL-22 was produced by conventional CD4+ T cells that required TCR engagement. In conclusion, we confirm that Th22 cells are a component of the human immune response to TB. Depletion of M. tuberculosis–specific Th22 cells during HIV coinfection may contribute to increased risk of TB disease.
Tolerogenic Immune-Modifying Nanoparticles Encapsulating Multiple Recombinant Pancreatic β Cell Proteins Prevent Onset and Progression of Type 1 Diabetes in Nonobese Diabetic Mice
Authors: Podojil Joseph R , Genardi Samantha , Chiang Ming-Yi , Kakade Sandeep , Neef Tobias , Murthy Tushar , Boyne Michael T , Elhofy Adam , Miller Stephen D
Published: July 2022

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by T and B cell responses to proteins expressed by insulin-producing pancreatic β cells, inflammatory lesions within islets (insulitis), and β cell loss. We previously showed that Ag-specific tolerance targeting single β cell protein epitopes is effective in preventing T1D induced by transfer of monospecific diabetogenic CD4 and CD8 transgenic T cells to NOD.scid mice. However, tolerance induction to individual diabetogenic proteins, for example, GAD65 (glutamic acid decarboxylase 65) or insulin, has failed to ameliorate T1D both in wild-type NOD mice and in the clinic. Initiation and progression of T1D is likely due to activation of T cells specific for multiple diabetogenic epitopes. To test this hypothesis, recombinant insulin, GAD65, and chromogranin A proteins were encapsulated within poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (COUR CNPs) to assess regulatory T cell induction, inhibition of Ag-specific T cell responses, and blockade of T1D induction/progression in NOD mice. Whereas treatment of NOD mice with CNPs containing a single protein inhibited the corresponding Ag-specific T cell response, inhibition of overt T1D development only occurred when all three diabetogenic proteins were included within the CNPs (CNP-T1D). Blockade of T1D following CNP-T1D tolerization was characterized by regulatory T cell induction and a significant decrease in both peri-insulitis and immune cell infiltration into pancreatic islets. As we have recently published that CNP treatment is both safe and induced Ag-specific tolerance in a phase 1/2a celiac disease clinical trial, Ag-specific tolerance induced by nanoparticles encapsulating multiple diabetogenic proteins is a promising approach to T1D treatment.
Inhibition of IL-17A Protects against Thyroid Immune-Related Adverse Events while Preserving Checkpoint Inhibitor Antitumor Efficacy
Authors: Lechner Melissa G , Cheng Mandy I , Patel Anushi Y , Hoang Aline T , Yakobian Natalie , Astourian Michael , Pioso Marissa S , Rodriguez Eduardo D , McCarthy Ethan C , Hugo Willy , Angell Trevor E , Drakaki Alexandra , Ribas Antoni , Su Maureen A
Published: July 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy leverages the body’s own immune system to attack cancer cells but leads to unwanted autoimmune side effects in up to 60% of patients. Such immune-related adverse events (IrAEs) may lead to treatment interruption, permanent organ dysfunction, hospitalization, and premature death. Thyroiditis is one of the most common IrAEs, but the cause of thyroid IrAEs remains unknown. In this study, we use a new, physiologically relevant mouse model of ICI-associated autoimmunity to identify a key role for type 3 immune cells in the development of thyroid IrAEs. Multiple lineages of IL-17A–producing T cells expand in thyroid tissue with ICI treatment. Intrathyroidal IL-17A–producing innate-like γδT17 cells were increased in tumor-free mice, whereas adaptive Th17 cells were also prominent in tumor-bearing mice, following ICI treatment. Furthermore, Ab-based inhibition of IL-17A, a clinically available therapy, significantly reduced thyroid IrAE development in ICI-treated mice with and without tumor challenge. Finally, combination of IL-17A neutralization with ICI treatment in multiple tumor models did not reduce ICI antitumor efficacy. These studies suggest that targeting Th17 and γδT17 cell function via the IL-17A axis may reduce IrAEs without impairing ICI antitumor efficacy and may be a generalizable strategy to address type 3 immune-mediated IrAEs.
Three Rotor Hub Flow Prediction Workshops (2016–2020): What Did We Learn and What's Next?
Authors: Schmitz Sven , Tierney Charles , Reich David , Jaffa Nicholas , Centolanza Louis R. , Thomas Mathew L.
Published: July 2022

The 'Rotor Hub Flow Prediction Workshops' have been productive collaborations between experimental and computational efforts in the important area of high-Reynolds number model testing of rotor hubs and associated complex interactional aerodynamics in the long-age wake as relevant to
current and future rotorcraft. As such the hub flow workshops have joined the ranks of past successful collaborations such as the UH-60 Airloads and HART-II workshops. This paper begins by describing the basic physics of rotor hub flows and gives a brief summary of recent water-tunnel test
campaigns. Following, the evolution of the hub flow workshops is summarized, with emphasis on the productive interactions between experimentalists and computational participants. A compilation of computational blind comparison results against measured data for all three workshops thus far
is presented. Challenges associated with uncertainties in both experiments and computations and their effect on quantitative comparisons are discussed. In particular, emphasis is given to the "lessons learned" on both sides and an outlook on remaining challenges and next research steps in
the area of rotor hub flows is provided.
Iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm of inferior epigastric artery: not only a surgical complication
Authors: Corso Rossana , Coppola Andrea , Grazioli Stefano , Dedionigi Cristina , Tandurella Nicolò , Venturini Massimo , Dentali Francesco
Published: July 2022

A 77-year-old lady with a longstanding scleroderma, presented to the Emergency Department for a state of severe malnutrition and fluid dysphagia. On physical examination, she presented an abdominal palpable swelling, with an associated large, posterior ecchymosis. A pseudoaneurysm of the right inferior epigastric artery was diagnosed on a color Doppler ultrasound examination. After collegial discussion with the surgical and interventional-radiologist team, a percutaneous exclusion of the pseudoaneurysm through thrombin injection was successfully performed, and no complications were reported. After a thorough anamnestic record, the possible cause of the pseudoaneurysm was discovered: a few days before hospital admission the general practitioner did some intradermoclysis in the abdominal wall to hydrate the patient, damaging the inferior epigastric artery wall with subsequent development of the pseudoaneurysm. The patient completely recovered, returned home after two weeks in a subacute facility, and is awaiting evaluation for the scleroderma follow up from a rheumatologist.
Can aquatic exercises contribute to the improvement of the gait stereotype function in patients with Long COVID outcomes?
Authors: Lobanov Andrey A. , Irina A. Grishechkina  , Andronov Sergei V. , Gleb N. Barashkov  , Andrey I. Popov  , Anatoliy D.Fesyun  , Elena P. Ivanova  , Maccarone Maria Chiara , Stefano Masiero
Published: July 2022

A variety of rehabilitation programmes can be offered to Long COVID patients, specifically physical training. Indeed 90% of these patients reports impairments of verticalization, stability and spatial orientation, making difficult exercise in the gym. The aim of our study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of aquatic exercise techniques as part of a comprehensive rehabilitation program for patients with Long COVID. The first of a two-stage program involved development of aquatic exercises technique, which was evaluated in 12 patients with impaired upright posture control before and after exercising by "Habilect" video gait analysis system. During the second phase, effectiveness and safety of aqua exercises were tested in water pool as part of a comprehensive rehabilitation programme conducted in 23 patients with Long COVID outcomes. Physical examination, 6-minute step test, Euro-QL-5D questionnaire, Borg scale, laser Doppler flowmetry, cardiointervalography, and spirometry were performed before and after the aquatic exercises program. After the training with aquatic exercises, indices of deviations of the main body axes of the head and the body mass centre ameliorated, as well as direction of body movement vector decreased (p<0.05). This study demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in exercise tolerance in both groups, as measured by the 6-minute step test after rehabilitation. The comparison group averaged 236.7 metres [126; 380] (T=8, p=0.047) after the rehabilitation course and the intervention group averaged 233.71 metres [150; 320] (T=8.0, p=0.047). When tested with the Euro-QL-5D questionnaire, a post-treatment improvement was noted in the comparison group on the anxiety/depression subscale (3 [3;3] (T=0, p=0.043)). In the intervention group, laser Doppler flowmetry revealed a statistically significant increase in microcirculation (6.36 standard units after rehabilitation) [5.54; 8.17] (T=7.0, p=0.004), and a decrease of oxidative metabolism index of 6.89 standard units. [4.76; 6.96] (T=4.0, p=0.03). No serious adverse events were reported. In conclusion, the developed aquatic exercises technique seems to contribute to recovery of impaired upright posture and motor function, normalizing the walking pattern.
Social vulnerability to natural hazards in Canada
Authors: Journeay M , Yip J Z K , Wagner C L , LeSueur P , Hobbs T
Published: July 2022

While we are exposed to the physical effects of natural hazard processes, certain groups within a community often bear a disproportionate share of the negative consequences when a disaster strikes. This study addresses questions of why some places and population
groups in Canada are more vulnerable to natural hazard processes than others, who is most likely to bear the greatest burden of risk within a given community or region, and what are the underlying factors that disproportionally affect the capacities of individuals and groups to withstand, cope with,
and recover from the impacts and downstream consequences of a disaster. Our assessment of social vulnerability is based on principles and analytic methods established as part of the Hazards of Place model (Hewitt et al., 1971; Cutter, 1996), and a corresponding framework of indicators derived from
demographic information compiled as part of the 2016 national census. Social determinants of hazard threat are evaluated in the context of backbone patterns that are associated with different types of human settlement (i.e., metropolitan, rural, and remote), and more detailed patterns of land use
that reflect physical characteristics of the built environment and related functions that support the day-to-day needs of residents and businesses at the community level. Underlying factors that contribute to regional patterns of social vulnerability are evaluated through the lens of family
structure and level of community connectedness (social capital); the ability of individuals and groups to take actions on their own to manage the outcomes of unexpected hazard events (autonomy); shelter conditions that will influence the relative degree of household displacement and reliance on
emergency services (housing); and the economic means to sustain the requirements of day-to-day living (e.g., shelter, food, water, basic services) during periods of disruption that can affect employment and other sources of income (financial agency). Results of this study build on and contribute to
ongoing research and development efforts within Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) to better understand the social and physical determinants of natural hazard risk in support of emergency management and broader dimensions of disaster resilience planning that are undertaken at a community level.
Analytic methods and results described in this study are made available as part of an Open Source platform and provide a base of evidence that will be relevant to emergency planners, local authorities and supporting organizations responsible for managing the immediate physical impacts of natural
hazard events in Canada, and planners responsible for the integration of disaster resilience principles into the broader context of sustainable land use and community development at the municipal level.
Students’ perspectives on religious moderation: A qualitative study into religious literacy processes
Authors: Hanafi Yusuf , Saefi Muhammad , Diyana Tsania N. , Ikhsan M. Alifudin , Faizin Nur , Thoriquttyas Titis , Murtadho Nurul
Published: July 2022

Research exploring how students develop their perspectives on religious moderation through reading and understanding the Qur’an is underexplored. This study aims to investigate students’ religious literacy tenet as a process of constructing meaning about religious moderation from the verses of the Qur’an. The participants involved were three students with an excellent ability to read the Qur’an and who had a great interest in the study of the Qur’an. The data were collected through the process of reading the verses of the Qur’an and its textual and contextual translation. The results of this study indicate that students with high translation amendments (adding, removing and replacing words and phrases) tend to have more ability to interpret the verses of the Qur’an widely as a form of verbalisation of thoughts.Contribution: This study provides clarification on student interactions, the interpretation process and the construction of the meaning of the verses of the Qur’an. Furthermore, the results of this study encourage lecturers to reconstruct the process of learning to read the Qur’an at the university level.
Hadewijch: Mystic or theologian?
Authors: Joubert Lisel H.
Published: July 2022

This article engages with the reception and naming of women by contemporary historians and theologians. The core question is as follows: when is a woman received as a theologian? This question is looked at via the works of Hadewijch, a 13th-century Flemish writer. Scholars easily group together women from the High Middle Ages as mystics, referring to the experiential character of their theology and their writing in the vernacular. These criteria of gender, language and experience then disqualify them as theologians and qualify them as mystics. In this article, the dichotomy between spirituality and theology is revisited and examples of a growing discourse where Hadewijch and some of her contemporaries are called theologians are given. The genre of theology is then widened to recognise the worth not only of scholastic discourse but also of vision, poetry and bodily experience.Contribution: The renaming of historical woman figures is of utmost importance in the understanding of what constitutes women theologians in the present day as well as for the healing of the divide between ‘spirituality’ and ‘theology’.
Islam and the state: Indonesian mosque administrators’ perceptions of Pancasila, Islamic sharia and transnational ideology
Authors: Murod Ma’mun , Sulastri Endang , Gunanto Djoni , Sahrasad Herdi , Mulky Mohamad A.
Published: July 2022

In many cases, mosques have been accused by anti-terror agencies as a potential place to spread transnational Islamic ideologies. This study examines the perceptions of mosque administrators (ta’mīr) about Pancasila, Islamic sharia and transnational ideology. This research took place in South Tambun, a densely populated subdistrict in Bekasi, West Java. Mostly populated by urbanites, it has heterogeneous religious understanding. A quantitative research method with descriptive statistics is used in this study to analyse the results of the survey conducted. Furthermore, a qualitative technique is carried out through a series of interviews conducted with the respondents. Triangulation is carried out to increase the validity and credibility of the findings. The results showed that 40% of mosque administrators surveyed thought that transnational ideologies were not in accordance with the spirit of Pancasila. Meanwhile, the remaining 40% and 20% of respondents, respectively, consider transnational ideologies to be dangerous to social order, and divisive. The qualitative analysis shows that the respondents do not want the implementation of Islamic sharia and an Islamic state within the Indonesian constitutional framework.Contribution: This research can be used by policymakers and anti-terror agents to proportionally and participatively involve mosque administrators to narrow the wiggle room for the spread of transnational ideology.
On the transmission of Greek philosophy to medieval Muslim philosophers
Authors: Ali Ishraq
Published: July 2022

There are two dominant approaches towards understanding medieval Muslim philosophy: (1) Greek ancestry approach and (2) religiopolitical context approach. In the Greek ancestry approach, medieval Muslim philosophy is interpreted in terms of its relation to classical Greek philosophy, particularly to the philosophy of Plato and Aristotle. The religiopolitical context approach, however, views a thorough understanding of the religious and political situation of that time as the key to the proper understanding of medieval Muslim philosophy. Notwithstanding the immense significance of the two approaches for understanding medieval Muslim philosophy, the question on the reason behind medieval Muslim philosophers’ preference for Plato’s Republic over Aristotle’s Politics in political philosophy is not accurately answered. This preference is usually attributed either to the availability or unavailability of the text or to the suitability or unsuitability of the text for Islamic theological views. However, this article shows that neither the availability or unavailability of text nor its suitability or unsuitability for Islamic religious and theological views can appropriately explain medieval Muslim philosophers’ preference for Plato’s Republic over Aristotle’s Politics in their political thought. This article proposes that the key to understand this preference lies in understanding the transmission of Greek philosophy to medieval Muslim philosophers.Contribution: This study highlights the significance of the thorough understanding of the transmission of Greek philosophy to medieval Muslim world as one of the important approaches towards proper understanding of medieval Muslim philosophy, particularly medieval Muslim political philosophy.
Islamic religiosity and job satisfaction among Muslim teachers in Malaysia
Authors: Yafiz Muhammad , Yousif Oudah Al-Muttar Mohammed , Ahmed Shihab Saman , Aini Qurratul , Gustina Zainal Anna , A. Baker El-Ebiary Yousef , Abed Hussein Rasha , Rasol Allahibi Tayseer , Ketut Acwin Dwijendra Ngakan
Published: July 2022

In recent years, researchers have paid special attention to religiosity and the practice of religious beliefs. If people put religiosity at the forefront of their affairs and maintain the roots of religion in various aspects of work and family life, they will see God present and watchful in doing all things, and the result of such a vision will be the successful performance of deeds and walking the path of perfection. Having a heartfelt belief in the value of work and adhering to it will result in a greater desire to work. Religiosity is a variable that can be related to job variables. In addition, it can play an important role in the behaviours of employees. In Islam, work is a virtue and is necessary to balance the personal and social life of the individual. Given the importance of this issue, the present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between Islamic religiosity and job satisfaction of Muslim teachers in Malaysia. In total, 2200 Muslim teachers of Kuala Lumpur and Penang were selected for the study by simple random sampling. Data were collected by using standard questionnaires and analysed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). According to the results, there was a significant and positive relationship between teachers’ Islamic religiosity and job satisfaction as P = 0.784 and T = 0.000 which was less than the Sig level of 0.05.Contribution: According to Islamic teachings, working for a Muslim is like worship. Based on the findings of this research, teachers with higher Islamic religiosity enjoy higher job satisfaction.
Motivations and barriers to using high-speed rail: An application of conjoint analysis – Insights from Vietnam
Authors: Ngoc Pham T.K. , Ngoc An M.
Published: July 2022

Background: Nowadays, a gradual change in customers’ attitudes towards transport service makes it more challenging to understand the reasons behind customers’ travel decisions. High-speed rail (HSR) has been mentioned recently and is expected as the best and most modern transport option in long-distance trips in Vietnam. However, research studies have paid scant regard to how HSR’s attributes may affect potential users, and therefore the motivations and barriers to adopting HSR are still unknown.Objectives: This study aimed at examining motivations and barriers to take-up HSR for considering customers’ preference on the proper attributes and levels of HSR.Method: This study drew on a nationwide survey and conjoint analysis to investigate customers’ behaviour.Results: In Vietnam’s context, HSR ticket was found to be the principal barrier to adoption, whereas the speed of HSR was identified as the least important behavioural driver amongst potential HSR users. The results show that HSR design and planning should provide a combination of minimum check-in and waiting time, a 20-min frequency, average speed of 250 km/h, all add-on services and facilities, ticketing of approximately VND 500–700 thousand per 300–500 km and nearby all-day parking.Conclusion: This investigation has demonstrated the value of conjoint analysis to compare a wide range of attributes associated with consumers’ decision to use HSR. The findings indicate that in countries such as Vietnam, in particular, where train usage is low, policymakers and transportation agencies seeking to boost the use of HSR must take attributes other than fare into consideration.
The impact of green supply-chain management on logistics performance in the construction sector in South Africa
Authors: Chinomona Elizabeth C. , Bikissa-Macongue Marie B.
Published: July 2022

Background: As a result of globalisation and the growing importance of environmental and social issues, construction companies are expected to reduce the environmental impact of their day-to-day activities and make the industry more environmentally friendly. Many research works published have ignored the critical parameters and dimensions of green supply-chain management (GSCM) and logistics performance as environmental protective practices in the construction industry. Therefore, there is a need to investigate how the construction sector should implement GSCM programmes and logistics performance as environmentally friendly practices in their business activities, which would be beneficial to all stakeholders.Objectives: The present study intends to fill this gap by analysing the impact of environmentally friendly practices, such as GSCM and logistics performance in the construction industry in southern Gauteng. This study considered regulatory pressure, green information systems, green packaging, reverse logistics and logistics performance as environmental protective practices.Method: This study adopted a quantitative approach to survey a sample of 440 suppliers and purchasers’ managers from construction companies in the southern Gauteng province. A judgemental or purposive sampling technique was applied to collect data from respondents. Data were analysed with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS 27.0) and Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS 27.0). In addition, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling were used to analyse the relationship between constructs and test the hypotheses.Results: This study revealed that regulatory pressure, green information systems, green packaging and reverse logistics significantly influence logistics performance of construction companies.Conclusion: Study demonstrated that through GSCM and logistics performance, construction companies can correlate their business activities and the environment effectively.
Language and multilingualism in the teaching and learning of mathematics in South Africa: A review of literature in Pythagoras from 1994 to 2021
Authors: McLachlan Kathryn , Essien Anthony A.
Published: July 2022

This article presents a systematic review of research on language and multilingualism in mathematics education published in the South African journal Pythagoras from 1994 to 2021. This time frame was chosen as the year 1994 marked the acknowledgement of 11 official languages in the new democratic South Africa (including 9 indigenous languages), compared to only Afrikaans and English during the apartheid era. The review considers emergent themes in the included articles and examines what the articles reveal about mathematics education in South Africa. In addition to other findings, our corpus of literature indicates that research in this field of mathematics has been mostly undertaken in under-resourced schools and that research under the theme of multilingual education is at the forefront of research in South African mathematics education, while research on language policy needs more attention. Research on multilingual education in our corpus of literature also reveals great awareness of the value of seeing language as a resource, as well as the benefits that accrue when learners’ home languages are taken into account in mathematics teaching and learning. The gaps in research in the field of language and multilingualism in the teaching and learning of mathematics are also noted and recommendations for future research are made.
Revisiting the forgotten remnant: Imaging spectrum of Meckel’s diverticulum
Authors: Kumar Manish , Singh Priya , Kumari Priti , Kaushik Rohit
Published: July 2022

Meckel’s diverticulum is a true diverticulum of the alimentary tract occurring resulting from the persistence of remnants of the vitello-intestinal duct. They are often asymptomatic and incidentally diagnosed during surgery. Complications such as intestinal obstruction, diverticulitis, intestinal haemorrhage and perforation may occur with Meckel’s diverticulum, which renders them symptomatic. The clinical and imaging diagnosis of Meckel’s diverticulum is very challenging. As a result of the rare occurrence of complicated Meckel’s diverticulum and the difficult preoperative diagnosis, knowledge of its imaging features is limited. The presented case series describes a spectrum of complications caused by Meckel’s diverticulum and its CT imaging features. It highlights the importance of a high clinical suspicion by carefully searching for a Meckel’s diverticulum on CT in its characteristic location to avoid missing it preoperatively.
Retinal Degeneration in Patients with Wilson's Disease
Authors: Bhattacharya Amitabh , Stezin Albert , Kamble Nitish , Mohammed Shereef PM , Kashyap Bakula , Pal Pramod Kumar
Published: July 2022

Background:

Wilson's disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism. We aimed to study the abnormalities in the retinal layers in patients with WD using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods:

The study is a chart review of 16 patients with WD (six females) who underwent OCT at our hospital during follow-up visits. Spectral-domain OCT was performed in all subjects to assess the thickness of macula and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and the data was compared with 14 healthy controls (three females).

Results:

The mean age of the patients was 20.81 ± 7.47 years and controls was 26.86 ± 9.95 years. The mean age at the onset of the illness was 16.25 ± 5.57 years (range 11–28 years) with the mean duration of illness being 4.81 ± 3.31 years at the final follow-up examination. The mean macular thickness was found to be significantly reduced in patients (232.13 ± 19.39) when compared to controls (271.30 ± 17.32 μm; P = 0.01). There was a significant difference in the ganglion cell and inner plexiform (GCIP) layer between the patients (86.83 ± 8.20 μm) and controls (97.72 ± 5.31 μm; P = 0.01). In addition, the outer nuclear layer with the photoreceptor layer (ONL + PRL) thickness was also reduced in WD (93.90 ± 10.23 μm vs. 108.43 ± 10.00 μm; P = 0.01) There was no change in the RNFL thickness, between the two groups (P = 0.53).

Conclusions:

Abnormalities of the retinal layers were observed in the patients with WD. OCT is a non-invasive tool to identify and quantify the abnormalities of the retinal layers.