bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analiza koncepta rezilientnosti v kontekstu vzgoje in izobraževanja
Authors: Kiswarday Vanja
Published: July 2016

V prispevku predstavljamo rezilientnost kot raziskovalni fenomen, ki se v literaturi pojavlja v povezavi z dobro življenjsko prilagodljivostjo in prožnostjo ljudi v različnih težkih, prelomnih življenjskih situacijah. V ospredje postavljamo preskok, ki so ga pionirske študije naredile v raziskovalni paradigmi, ko so namesto modela, usmerjenega v problem, prevzele model rezilientnosti, ki se tesno navezuje na sodobne principe vseživljenjskega učenja. Iz pregleda različne literature sintetiziramo glavna spoznanja, opredelimo ločnice štirih raziskovalnih valov in poudarimo sodobno pojmovanje rezilientnosti. To nam služi tudi kot podlaga za utemeljitev slovenskega termina »življenjska odpornost in prožnost«. Raziskave s področja rezilientnosti jasno zarisujejo smernice za preventivno ekosistemsko delovanje. V prispevku se omejujemo na kontekst vzgoje in izobraževanja, saj so možnosti za preventivno krepitev posameznika tesno povezane s formalnimi in neformalnimi oblikami učenja. V tem konceptualnem okviru poudarjamo ključne varovalne dejavnike in kompetence, ki za posameznika pomenijo zunanje in notranje vire moči za rezilienten odziv v življenjskih preizkušnjah. Prispevek strnemo z orisom značilnosti »rezilientne« osebe.
The “when”, the “where” and the “why” of the Neolithic revolution in the Levant
Authors: Gopher Avi , Abbo Shahal , Yadun Simcha Lev
Published: July 2016

An accumulation of data concerning the domestication of plants and the refinement of research questions in the last decade have enabled us a new look at the Neolithic Revolution and Neolithization processes in the Levant. This paper raises some points concerning the “When” and “Where” of plant domestication and suggests that the origins of plant domestication were in a welldefined region in southeast Turkey and north Syria. It presents a view on the process of Neolithization in the Levant and offers some comments concerning the background and motivations behind the Neolithic Revolution.
The discovery of early pottery in China
Authors: Chi Zhang
Published: July 2016

During the transitional period from the Upper Pleistocene to the onset of the Holocene, there were two different cultural traditions in southern and northern China. The pottery appeared in both cultures. The earliest pottery in southern China might be dated back to 16 000 b.p. The early pottery found in the North is later than the earliest pottery in southern China, the Russian Far East, and Japan, but its character bears some similarity with the early pottery from other areas, especi- ally from the Russian Far East and Japan.
The development of dairying in Europe: potential evidence from food residues on ceramics
Authors: Craig Oliver E.
Published: July 2016

Providing evidence of dairying is crucial to the understanding of the development and intensification of Neolithic farming practices in Europe, beyond the early stages of domestication. Until recently, research in this field had been limited to traditional archaeological methods, such as the study of pottery styles, faunal remains and specialised material artefacts. Although suggestive, these methods are unable to provide direct evidence of dairying. Advances in biomolecular methods now allow the identification of remnants of dairy products on ceramic vessels and the application of these methods to Neolithic ceramic assemblages across Europe is underway. There is no doubt that these new methods offer much scope for investigating hypotheses such as the ‘secondary products revolution’, but there are limitations. The cost of analyses prohibits indiscriminate sampling and differential survival is likely to prevent direct comparison of samples from different sites. Only by incorporating these techniques within the wider frameworks of archaeological research may theories be properly tested. Approaches to achieve this goal are discussed.
Intraosseous hydroxocobalamin versus intravenous hydroxocobalamin compared to intraosseous whole blood or no treatment for hemorrhagic shock in a swine model
Authors: Bebarta, MD, FACEP, FACMT Vikhyat S. , Garrett, PhD Normalynn , Boudreau, RN, BSN Susan , Castaneda, MS Maria
Published: July 2016

Objective: To determine if intraosseous (IO) hydroxocobalamin can improve systolic blood pressure (SBP) in a swine model after severe hemorrhagic shock.Methods: Thirty six swine (45-55 kg) were anesthetized, intubated, and instrumented with continuous femoral and pulmonary artery pressure monitoring and then hemorrhaged such that 30 percent of their blood volume was extracted over 20 minutes. Five minutes later, animals were randomly assigned to receive 500 mL IO whole blood, 150 mg/kg IO or intravenous (IV) hydroxocobalamin in 180 mL of saline, or no treatment and then monitored for 60 minutes. A sample size of eight animals per group was based on a power of 80 percent, an alpha of 0.05, and a small effect size to detect a difference in SBP between groups. Outcome data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (RMANOVA).Results: RMANOVA outcome analysis detected a significant difference between groups (p < 0.05). IO whole blood, IO hydroxocobalamin, and IV hydroxocobalamin groups were similar to each other, but significantly different compared to controls regarding SBP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), systemic vascular resistance, and heart rate. Differences in SBP and MAP were sustained throughout the experiment. At 60 minutes, the comparison among the groups, IO whole blood, IO hydroxocobalamin, IV hydroxocobalamin, and control, was the following: SBP 78.2 versus 83.7 versus 75.1 versus 55.3 mm Hg; MAP 62.7 versus 65 versus 60 versus 43 mm Hg. There was a significant interaction by time in lactate values (p < 0.01) such that control animal lactate values increased over time (3.3 mmol/L) compared to IO whole blood, IO or IV hydroxocobalamin treated animals (1.1, 1.6, 1.3 mmol/L).Conclusions: IO hydroxocobalamin improved SBP, MAP, compared to no treatment and was similar to IO whole blood and IV hydroxocobalamin in this animal model of severe hemorrhage. Moreover, whereas serum lactate was improving in all treated groups, it was deteriorating in the control group.
A cross-sectional survey of patient needs in hospital evacuation
Authors: Rimstad, MD Rune , Holtan, MD Anders
Published: July 2016

To aid development of contingency plans, a cross-sectional survey of inpatient needs in the event of a total hospital evacuation within a few hours was undertaken. The hospital is a part of a tertiary care facility with a mixed surgical and medical population and a relatively large load of emergency medicine. A doctor or nurse on each ward registered patients' physical mobility, special needs complicating transportation (intensive care, labor, isolation, etc), and the lowest acceptable level of care after evacuation. Of the 760 included patients, 57.8 percent could walk, 20.0 percent needed wheelchair, and 22.2 percent needed transport on stretcher. Special needs were registered for 18.2 percent of patients. Only 49.7 percent of patients needed to be evacuated to another hospital to continue care on an acceptable level, while 37.6 percent could be discharged to their own home, and 12.6 percent could be evacuated to a nursing home. Patients in psychiatric wards and high dependency units had distinctly different needs than patients in ordinary somatic wards. The differences between patients in surgical and nonsurgical wards were minor. Patient discharge seems to be a considerable capacity buffer in a hospital crisis situation.
Letter to the editor
Authors: Heegaard, MD, PhD, DMSc Erik , Oleksiewicz, DVM, PhD Martin B. , Steenhard, DVM, PhD Nina R. , Hansen, MD, DMSc John-Erik S.
Published: July 2016

Modernizing smallpox vaccine stockpiles Authors’ response
Systems fragility: The sociology of chaos
Authors: Hodges, MA Lori R.
Published: July 2016

This article examines the concept of community fragility in emergency management from a systems perspective. Using literature that addresses fragility in four areas of complex systems, including ecosystems, social systems, sociotechnical systems, and complex adaptive systems, a theoretical framework focused on the emergency management field is created. These findings illustrate how community fragility factors can be used in the emergency management field to not only improve overall outcomes after disaster but also build less fragile systems and communities in preparation for future disasters.
Tropospheric ozone seasonal and long-term variability as seen by lidar and
surface measurements at the JPL-Table Mountain Facility, California
Authors: Granados-Muñoz Maria Jose , Leblanc Thierry
Published: July 2016

Abstract. A combined surface and tropospheric ozone climatology and interannual variability study was performed for the first time using co-located ozone photometer measurements (2013–2015) and tropospheric ozone differential absorption lidar measurements (2000–2015) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Table Mountain Facility (TMF; elev. 2285 m), in California. The surface time series were investigated both in terms of seasonal and diurnal variability. The observed surface ozone is typical of high-elevation remote sites, with small amplitude of the seasonal and diurnal cycles, and high ozone values, compared to neighboring lower altitude stations representative of urban boundary layer conditions. The ozone mixing ratio ranges from 45 ppbv in the winter morning hours to 65 ppbv in the spring and summer afternoon hours. At the time of the lidar measurements (early night), the seasonal cycle observed at the surface is similar to that observed by lidar between 3.5 and 9 km. Above 9 km, the local tropopause height variation with time and season impacts significantly the ozone lidar observations. The frequent tropopause folds found in the vicinity of TMF (27 % of the time, mostly in winter and spring) produce a dual-peak vertical structure in ozone within the fold layer, characterized by higher-than-average values in the bottom half of the fold (12–14 km), and lower-than-averaged values in the top half of the fold (14–18 km). This structure is consistent with the expected origin of the air parcels within the fold, i.e., mid-latitude stratospheric air folding down below the upper tropospheric sub-tropical air. The influence of the tropopause folds extends down to 5 km, increasing the ozone content in the troposphere. No significant signature of interannual variability could be observed on the 2000–2015 de-seasonalized lidar time series, with only a statistically non-significant positive anomaly during the years 2003–2007. Our trend analysis reveals however an overall statistically significant positive trend of 0.3 ppbv year−1 (0.6 %) in the free troposphere (7–10 km) for the period 2000–2015. A classification of the air parcels sampled by lidar was made at 1 km intervals between 5 and 14 km altitude, using 12-day backward trajectories (HYSPLIT, Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model). Our classification revealed the influence of the Pacific Ocean, with air parcels of low ozone content (43–60 ppbv below 9 km), and significant influence of the stratosphere leading to ozone values of 57–83 ppbv down to 8–9 km. In summer, enhanced ozone values (76 ppbv at 9 km) were found in air parcels originating from Central America, probably due to the enhanced thunderstorm activity during the North American Monsoon. Influence from Asia was observed throughout the year, with more frequent episodes during spring, associated with ozone values from 53 to 63 ppbv at 9 km.
Sampling strategies and post-processing methods for increasing the time resolution of organic aerosol measurements requiring long sample-collection times
Authors: Modini Rob L. , Takahama Satoshi
Published: July 2016

Abstract. The composition and properties of atmospheric organic aerosols (OAs) change on timescales of minutes to hours. However, some important OA characterization techniques typically require greater than a few hours of sample-collection time (e.g., Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy). In this study we have performed numerical modeling to investigate and compare sample-collection strategies and post-processing methods for increasing the time resolution of OA measurements requiring long sample-collection times. Specifically, we modeled the measurement of hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA) and oxygenated OA (OOA) concentrations at a polluted urban site in Mexico City, and investigated how to construct hourly resolved time series from samples collected for 4, 6, and 8 h. We modeled two sampling strategies – sequential and staggered sampling – and a range of post-processing methods including interpolation and deconvolution. The results indicated that relative to the more sophisticated and costly staggered sampling methods, linear interpolation between sequential measurements is a surprisingly effective method for increasing time resolution. Additional error can be added to a time series constructed in this manner if a suboptimal sequential sampling schedule is chosen. Staggering measurements is one way to avoid this effect. There is little to be gained from deconvolving staggered measurements, except at very low values of random measurement error (< 5 %). Assuming 20 % random measurement error, one can expect average recovery errors of 1.33–2.81 µg m−3 when using 4–8 h-long sequential and staggered samples to measure time series of concentration values ranging from 0.13–29.16 µg m−3. For 4 h samples, 19–47 % of this total error can be attributed to the process of increasing time resolution alone, depending on the method used, meaning that measurement precision would only be improved by 0.30–0.75 µg m−3 if samples could be collected over 1 h instead of 4 h. Devising a suitable sampling strategy and post-processing method is a good approach for increasing the time resolution of measurements requiring long sample-collection times.
Quantification of southwest China rainfall during the 8.2 ka BP
event with response to North Atlantic cooling
Authors: Liu Yuhui , Hu Chaoyong
Published: July 2016

Abstract. The 8.2 ka BP event could provide important information for predicting abrupt climate change in the future. Although published records show that the East Asian monsoon area responded to the 8.2 ka BP event, there is no high-resolution quantitative reconstructed climate record in this area. In this study, a reconstructed 10-year moving average annual rainfall record in southwest China during the 8.2 ka BP event is presented by comparing two high-resolution stalagmite δ18O records from Dongge cave and Heshang cave. This decade-scale rainfall reconstruction is based on a central-scale model and is confirmed by inter-annual monitoring records, which show a significant positive correlation between the regional mean annual rainfall and the drip water annual average δ18O difference from two caves along the same monsoon moisture transport pathway from May 2011 to April 2014. Similar trends between the reconstructed rainfall and the stalagmite Mg ∕ Ca record, another proxy of rainfall, during the 8.2 ka BP period further increase the confidence of the quantification of the rainfall record. The reconstructed record shows that the mean annual rainfall in southwest China during the central 8.2 ka BP event is less than that of present (1950–1990) by  ∼  200 mm and decreased by  ∼  350 mm in  ∼  70 years experiencing an extreme drying period lasting for  ∼  50 years. Comparison of the reconstructed rainfall record in southwest China with Greenland ice core δ18O and δ15N records suggests that the reduced rainfall in southwest China during the 8.2 ka BP period was coupled with Greenland cooling with a possible response rate of 110 ± 30 mm °C−1.
The Relationship between Ethical Climate and Job Satisfaction among High School Teachers of Saveh City
Authors: Torabian Ensiyeh , Davoudi Amirhossein Mohammad
Published: July 2016

The goal of this research was to study the relationship between ethical climate and job satisfaction among high school teachers of Saveh city in 2015. It was a theoretical study regarding objectives and descriptive-correlation in relation to data collection. The study population consisted of 300 high school teachers of Saveh city in which 152 people were selected as the sample volume by Cochran formula and stratified random sampling. The data collection method was based on 21-question standard ethical climate questionnaires according to the study of Wang and Sieh (2012) and 15-question job satisfaction questionnaire based on the study of Williams and Anderson (1991) and these were based on Likert scale. Cronbach’s alpha was used to calculate the reliability of the questionnaire and it was higher than 0.7 for all questionnaires (0.758 for ethical climate and 0.918 for job satisfaction). Also, the content validity was employed to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire. For this purpose, the questionnaires were approved by the professors and experts in this field. Analyzing the data extracted from the questionnaire were performed by SPSS software in two parts of descriptive and inferential (correlation and multivariate regression). The results from correlation test showed that there is a significant relationship between ethical climate and its 5 dimensions namely instrumental climate, caring climate, law and rules climate, regulation climate, and independence climate and job satisfaction of high school teachers with 0.01 level of significance. Moreover, the results of analyzing the regression indicated that among 5 dimensions of ethical climate, only instrumental and regulation climate can predict job satisfaction in high school teachers of Saveh city. 
Universal quantification as degree modification in Arabic
Authors: Hallman Peter
Published: July 2016

This paper demonstrates similarities between the universal quantifier kull ‘every/all’ and superlatives of quality and quantity in Standard Arabic. These similarities point to an analysis of kull as a kind of superlative. An analysis is developed that characterizes the meaning of kull as a minor variation on the meaning of the superlative morpheme that occurs in quality and quantity superlatives. The difference between kull’s strongly distributive meaning analogous to every and its weakly distributive meaning analogous to all is argued to be the result of a type-shifting mechanism. This analysis teases apart the syntactic and semantic components of the three construction types examined here and identifies the uniformity that runs through them.
Hybrid Learning: An Effective Resource in University Education?
Authors: Alducin-Ochoa Juan Manuel , Vázquez-Martínez Ana Isabel
Published: July 2016

The organisation of university education in Europe is undergoing profound changes as a consequence of the establishment of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). This transformation entails methodological changes that are focused on student work. The student is now considered to be an autonomous individual who is able to choose a path of study and capable of self-regulation. These objectives are believed to be achievable with hybrid learning models. The economic cost of including these methods makes it necessary to demonstrate whether the investment can be profitable in terms of improved academic results and increased acceptability among students. We analyse whether the use of two tools by students (assessments and forums) influences their grades and whether there are correlations between performance and the evaluation of the tool by students and between the evaluation and the degree of use. The sample consists of 176 students. We follow an ex post facto methodological design, with descriptive and correlational techniques. We found significant differences in the grades received according to the degree of use of the tools studied. Additionally, we found a correlation between grades and student evaluation.
The Relationship of Mental Pressure with Optimism and Academic Achievement Motivation among Second Grade Male High School Students
Authors: Sarouni Ali Sedigh , Jenaabadi Hossein , Pourghaz Abdulwahab
Published: July 2016

The present study aimed to examine the relationship of mental pressure with optimism and academic achievement motivation among second grade second period male high school students. This study followed a descriptive-correlational method. The sample included 200 second grade second period male high school students in Sooran. Data collection tools in the current study were the Ursula Markham Mental Pressure Inventory (1976), the Tschannen-Moran et al. Optimism Scale (2013), and the Hermans Academic Achievement Motivation Questionnaire (1977). The obtained data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis) via SPSS software. The results indicated that mental pressure was significantly and negatively related to optimism (P<0.01), such that with an increase in mental pressure, students’ optimism decreased. The results of regression analysis revealed that mental pressure predicted 5% of the variance in students’ optimism. Moreover, mental pressure was significantly and negatively related to students’ academic achievement motivation (P<0.01), such that with an increase in mental pressure, students’ academic achievement motivation decreased. The results of regression analysis revealed that mental pressure predicted 4% of the variance in students’ academic achievement motivation.
Exploring the Relationship between Writing Apprehension and Writing Performance: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Badrasawi Kamal J. I. , Zubairi Ainol , Idrus Faizah
Published: July 2016

Writing skill is seen as a cornerstone of university students’ success in both academic and career life. This qualitative study was conducted to further explore the teachers’ and students’ perceptions on the relationship between writing apprehension and writing performance, contributing factors of writing apprehension, and strategies to reduce writing apprehension. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to get more in-depth information from two respondents: one experienced instructor of teaching writing at the Centre for Languages and Pre-University Academic Development (CELPAD), International Islamic University Malaysia, and another, a graduate student who was reported to having a high level of writing apprehension using Daly and Miller’s (1975) questionnaire on writing apprehension. Thematic analysis approach was used for data analysis. Both respondents were convinced that writing apprehension has a negative influence on students’ writing performance; the sources of contributing factors could be students, instructors, and teaching learning setting; and writing apprehension could be reduced through suggested strategies. It is recommended that instructors should be more aware of students’ problems in the writing skill.
Theoretical Overview on the Improvement of Interest in Learning Theoretical Course for Engineering Students
Authors: Xiao Manlin , Zhang Jianglin
Published: July 2016

The phenomenon that engineering students have little interest in theoretical knowledge learning is more and more apparent. Therefore, most students fail to understand and apply theories to solve practical problems. To solve this problem, the importance of improving students’ interest in the learning theoretical course is discussed firstly in this paper. The definitions and essence of interest are also studied and discussed. Secondly, the challenges that most teachers have to face when they carry out teaching activities are analyzed. Then, the theorem of Kolb educator role are discussed and applied to solve the challenges. Finally, the corresponding role that teachers should play when they face the different challenge is presented and some effective approaches on improving students’ interest are provided.
Effects of Knowledge Management on the Operational Performance of the B&B Industry
Authors: Chen Jui-Lung
Published: July 2016

The bed and breakfast (B&B) industry has become a hot tourist and leisure industry in recent years. As consumers pay attention to vacation, there has been increasing competition in the B&B industry. The industry needs to change the traditional management ideas and achieve sustainability through strategic management. Buttressed by the information technology, knowledge management takes the generation, application and consumption of knowledge and information as main resources and features zero consumption, instant sharing and sustainability. With the constant renewal of the information technology and the rapid development of the Internet network, knowledge management has imposed tremendous challenge on the B&B industry and played a key role in the operation of the industry. This study aims to explore the effects of knowledge management on operational performance in the B&B industry. The research results can serve as strategic suggestions and reference for the practitioners of the industry in their operation and management.
Translating Periosteum's Regenerative Power: Insights From Quantitative Analysis of Tissue Genesis With a Periosteum Substitute Implant
Authors: Moore Shannon R. , Heu Céline , Yu Nicole Y.C. , Whan Renee M. , Knothe Ulf R. , Milz Stefan , Knothe Tate Melissa L.
Published: July 2016

An abundance of surgical studies during the past 2 centuries provide empirical evidence of periosteum's regenerative power for reconstructing tissues as diverse as trachea and bone. This study aimed to develop quantitative, efficacy-based measures, thereby providing translational guidelines for the use of periosteum to harness the body's own healing potential and generate target tissues. The current study quantitatively and qualitatively demonstrated tissue generation modulated by a periosteum substitute membrane that replicates the structural constituents of native periosteum (elastin, collagen, progenitor cells) and its barrier, extracellular, and cellular properties. It shows the potentiation of the periosteum's regenerative capacity through the progenitor cells that inhabit the tissue, biological factors intrinsic to the extracellular matrix of periosteum, and mechanobiological factors related to implant design and implementation. In contrast to the direct intramembranous bone generated in defects surrounded by patent periosteum in situ, tissue generation in bone defects bounded by the periosteum substitute implant occurred primarily via endochondral mechanisms whereby cartilage was first generated and then converted to bone. In addition, in defects treated with the periosteum substitute, tissue generation was highest along the major centroidal axis, which is most resistant to prevailing bending loads. Taken together, these data indicate the possibility of designing modular periosteum substitute implants that can be tuned for vectorial and spatiotemporal delivery of biological agents and facilitation of target tissue genesis for diverse surgical scenarios and regenerative medicine approaches. It also underscores the potential to develop physical therapy protocols to maximize tissue genesis via the implant's mechanoactive properties.

Significance

In the past 2 centuries, the periosteum, a niche for stem cells and super-smart biological material, has been used empirically in surgery to repair tissues as diverse as trachea and bone. In the past 25 years, the number of articles indexed in PubMed for the keywords “periosteum and tissue engineering” and “periosteum and regenerative medicine” has burgeoned. Yet the biggest limitation to the prescriptive use of periosteum is lack of easy access, giving impetus to the development of periosteum substitutes. Recent studies have opened up the possibility to bank periosteal tissues (e.g., from the femoral neck during routine resection for implantation of hip replacements). This study used an interdisciplinary, quantitative approach to assess tissue genesis in modular periosteum substitute implants, with the aim to provide translational strategies for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
Comorbilidad de TEA y TDAH: revisión sistemática de los avances en investigación
Authors: Rico-Moreno Jennifer , Tárraga-Mínguez Raúl
Published: July 2016

The recent publication of DSM-5, introduces as novelty to accept the comorbidity between the Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).

This article reviews previous researches that have study this comorbidity. A total of 40 investigations were reviewed, establishing 7 different themes. The results of this review showed that the presence of ADHD in ASD increased the severity of autistic symptoms and that its comorbidity was associated with higher rates of disruptive behaviors, parental stress, poorer quality of life and poor social skills.
Relación entre autoconcepto y nivel de depresión en personas con retinosis pigmentaria
Authors: Chacón-López Helena , López-Justicia María Dolores
Published: July 2016

The present study has two main objectives: firstly, to know the relationship between some factors of the self-concept, number of support people in case of need, depression level and age of 51 people who have a degenerative visual pathology (Retinitis Pigmentosa). Secondly, to analyze if depression level could influence some self-concept dimensions. Instruments such as the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (Fitts, 1965), the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck et al., 1979) and a sociodemographic questionnaire were used. A Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that age is associated with higher scores on depression, associating this to lower scores in physical and personal self-concept, being physical self-concept the best predictor of depression scores. The MANCOVA made confirms that people with higher level of depression were perceived more negatively in physical, personal and moral/ethical self-concept.  Final del formularioIt concludes recommending to prevent depression by promoting the improvement of self-concept deficit factors, avoiding or reducing the impact of emotional disorders on the quality of life and visual functioning of this people.
Contribuciones de la Medicina Psicosomática a la Medicina Clínica y Preventiva
Authors: Berrocal Montiel Carmen , Fava Giovanni Andrea , Sonino Nicoletta
Published: July 2016

This paper provides an updated review of the main contributions of Psychosomatic Medicine to clinical and preventive medicine. Meta-analyses, comprehensive reviews and controlled studies were selected. Current advances in the field indicate that health care can be improved by using a psychosomatic approach that takes into account psychosocial factors affecting individual vulnerability, the holistic consideration of patient care, and the integration of psychological interventions in medicine. Consolidated evidence in Psychosomatic Medicine provides the ideal background for dealing with new needs emerging in medical practice, including chronic illness management, somatic unexplained symptoms, the shift in the role of patients from health consumers to actively health producers, primary early-life prevention, and the appraisal of health outcomes beyond the biomedical reductionism.
What are people saying when they report they are happy or life satisfied
Authors: Baptista Americo , Camilo Cristina , Santos Isabel , De Almeida Brites Jose , Brites Rosa Joana , García Fernández-Abascal Enrique
Published: July 2016

The study of happiness was dominated with the model of subjective well-being. With the advent of positive psychology the eudaimonic and hedonic models entered the field, but major surveys continue to use single-item measures of life satisfaction or happiness. We study the associations between life satisfaction and happiness, measured single-items with a graphic representation of a ladder and a thermometer, and three models of happiness: the subjective well-being, the eudaimonic and hedonic. The results showed that subjective well-being was the main predictor of life satisfaction and hedonic model also predicted a small amount of this variable. For happiness the predictors were the same but in reversed order, the main predictor was the hedonic model and a small variance was explained by subjective well-being. Contrary to our hypothesis the eudaimonic perspective of happiness was not a predictor in none of the models. These results underline the importance of the interaction between a cognitive or appraisal perspective and the hedonic perspectives for the study of happiness.
Retos en la Identificación de los Alumnos Superdotados: cuestiones relacionadas con la Evaluación Psicológica
Authors: Almeida Leandro S. , Araújo Alexandra M. , Sainz-Gómez Marta , Prieto Maria-Dolores
Published: July 2016

This paper discusses issues related to the assessment of children and youth for the identification of giftedness, and presents specific recommendations for educational measures in order to attend to the particular characteristics and needs of these students. We outline the most common difficulties related to the psychological assessment of these children, including the lack of adequate instruments for the assessment of the multiple dimensions of giftedness, as well as the shortage of training for this identification.

Regarding these difficulties, we describe some assessment procedures that assure higher levels of objectivity and validity in data, reducing the possibility of false positives and false negatives in the identification of these students. In addition to psychological tests, we present the advantages of using multiple informants and the contribution of different professionals and parents for this assessment. On the other hand, as we present giftedness as a result of a developmental process, it is important to conduct students’ assessment in phases, including an initial screening phase, followed by the sound assessment of students and nurturing. Finally, we present some suggestions for the advancement in giftedness identification and assessment, as a means to support the development of research in this area.
La Identificación del talento verbal y matemático: la relevancia de las medidas fuera de nivel
Authors: Tourón Javier , Tourón Marta
Published: July 2016

This study has two main objectives. First one to carry out a conceptual review of the literature together with the work done in Spain by the authors about the identification model known in the international literature as Talent Search model or concept. This model created by J. C. Stanley in the early 70s has led to a huge development in the identification of verbal and mathematical talent of young people, in order to provide the appropriate educational provision their ability needs. Far from being an American model, in this paper we show, and this is the second objective, through data from several years of implementation of the model in Spain, that it can be considered a universal model, based among others in the principle of above or out of levelmeasurement. Using this above level measurement we can adequately discriminate the diverse ability of the students tested, that when measured alone with in level testing, is masked due to lack difficulty and discrimination of the tests used. Some suggestions for large-scale use of these procedures in schools are provided.
Gifted and talented children: Heterogeneity and individual differences
Authors: Pereira Da Costa Maria , Lubart Todd I.
Published: July 2016

<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-GB">The article tackles the topic that refers to giftedness beyond academic areas. Specifically, it focuses on musical talent. The work is differentiated into two parts. In the first part the authors expose the case of gifted students' heterogeneity. To do so, they present a previous research focused on the study of different patterns of response of gifted students to the WISC-IV. Such study illustrates the case of gifted students' diversity, showing that higher IQ students present higher inter-variability in their cognitive profiles. The second part of the article focuses on musical talent. In a first moment authors introduce the concept of musical talent and a literature review on the factors that influence that talent. From there, authors question if it could be possible to isolate the variables that differentiate the development of musical talent. To do so, Authors present a retrospective study based on interviews and questionnaires to parents and teacher of 42 non-gifted and 42 students identified as promising talent in music. The questionnaire assessed: Implication of parents, Motivation of the pupil, Work of the pupil and Contribution of the teacher. The authors are able to distinguish between developmental trends in the formation of musical talent, depending on children's age and styles on dealing with their musical assignments and work-load (experience music as a passion vs. as an obligation).
Successful intelligence and giftedness: an empirical study
Authors: Ferrando Mercedes , Ferrándiz Carmen , Llor Laura , Sainz Marta
Published: July 2016

The aim of our research is to look into the diversity withing gifted and tanlented students. This is important to better undertand their complexity and thus offer a more apropiate educational programs. There are rather few empirical works which attempt to identify high abilities profiles (giftedness and talent) that actually exist beyond the theoretical level. The present work intends to single out the different patterns or profiles resulting from the combination of the successful intelligence abilities (analytical, synthetic and practical), as defined by Stenberg. A total of 431 students from the Region of Murcia participated in this study. These students performed the Aurora Battery tasks (Chart, Grigorenko, & Sternberg, 2008), designed to measure the analytical, practical and creative intelligence. Analytically gifted students (n=27), practically gifted (n=33) and creatively gifted (n= 34) were identifyed, taking as criteria scores equal to or higher than 120 IQ on each intelligence. Different Q-factor analyses were carried out for the three groups of students, in such a way that students were grouped according to their similarities. A total of 10 profiles  showing how successful intelligence abilities are combined were obtained, something that has made possible to support the theory put forward by Sternberg (2000): the analytical, practical and creative talent profiles, as well as the resulting combinations, the analytical-practical, analytical-creative, practical-creative profiles, along with the consummate balance talent (high performance in the three types of intelligence).
“Lo bueno dura poco”: disminuir las emociones positivas influye en nuestros niveles de optimismo
Authors: Etchemendy Ernestina , Herrero Rocío , Espinoza Macarena , Molinari Guadalupe , Corno Giulia , Carrillo-Vega Alba , Botella Cristina , Baños Rosa
Published: July 2016

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Letterature e lingue sul confine orientale
Authors: Benussi Cristina
Published: July 2016

The border between Italy and Slovenia changed several times but only in the last century the relations between the two respective cultures were conditioned by political situations. The aim is to analyze the difference between the two literatures in an ethnically mixed territory with reference to their mutual relationship in two periods: after the First World War, in the fascist period, and after the Second World War, when Istria and Dalmatia have been incorporated in Yugoslavia. At the same time, we can find an alteration of the use of the language along the border, but over the last twenty years the two linguistic minorities, Italian in Slovenia and Slovenian in Italy, recognized and protected by European laws, tend to talk to each other rather than in English, as they show the studies of linguistic landscape.
Esempi di eteroglossia nel paesaggio linguistico milanese
Authors: Uberti-Bona Marcella
Published: July 2016

This article explores tools and findings in the study of the linguistic landscape created by foreign shop owners in two of the most multiethnic districts of Milan, Baggio and Giambellino, that moved from monolingualism to plurilingualism and heteroglossia due to the massive immigration of the last decades. The analysis of some samples of shop signs in Spanish and Arabic, which are two of the most widely represented foreign languages in these districts, is focused mainly on the relationship between languages, identity practices and communication or translation strategies, adding further information about the complex and changing patterns of language contact in a global city. This qualitative, multi- and interdisciplinary approach, and a scale of analysis focused on the multimodal display of the single sign with its units and subunits, is intended as complementary to the gathering of quantitative data, and calls for a reflection about the respective conceptual and methodological scopes of the many disciplines involved in Linguistic Landscape Studies.
The potential effects of climate change on amphibian distribution, range fragmentation and turnover in China
Authors: Duan Ren-Yan , Kong Xiao-Quan , Huang Min-Yi , Varela Sara , Ji Xiang
Published: July 2016

Many studies predict that climate change will cause species movement and turnover, but few have considered the effect of climate change on range fragmentation for current species and/or populations. We used MaxEnt to predict suitable habitat, fragmentation and turnover for 134 amphibian species in China under 40 future climate change scenarios spanning four pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6 and RCP8.5) and two time periods (the 2050s and 2070s). Our results show that climate change may cause a major shift in spatial patterns of amphibian diversity. Amphibians in China would lose 20% of their original ranges on average; the distribution outside current ranges would increase by 15%. Suitable habitats for over 90% of species will be located in the north of their current range, for over 95% of species in higher altitudes (from currently 137–4,124 m to 286–4,396 m in the 2050s or 314–4,448 m in the 2070s), and for over 75% of species in the west of their current range. Also, our results predict two different general responses to the climate change: some species contract their ranges while moving westwards, southwards and to higher altitudes, while others expand their ranges. Finally, our analyses indicate that range dynamics and fragmentation are related, which means that the effects of climate change on Chinese amphibians might be two-folded.
Association Between Prenatal Sonographic Findings of Duodenal Obstruction and Adverse Outcomes
Authors: Kim Ji Ye , You Ji Yeon , Chang Kylie Hae-jin , Choi Suk-Joo , Oh Soo-young , Seo Jeong-Meen , Roh Cheong-Rae , Kim Jong-Hwa
Published: July 2016

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of prenatal sonographic findings with adverse outcomes and the causes of duodenal obstruction.

Methods

A total of 59 cases of congenital duodenal obstruction were included in this study. The sonographic findings, including the degree of duodenal dilatation, polyhydramnios, and their change over gestation, were investigated. Adverse outcomes were defined as fetal death in utero, postnatal death, and gastrointestinal complications requiring readmission or reoperation during the follow‐up period. The cause of duodenal obstruction was also assessed.

Results

Among the patients studied, 2 (3.4%) had fetal death in utero and 2 (3.5%) had postnatal death. Gastrointestinal complications requiring readmission or reoperation occurred in 10.9%. In the cases with or without adverse outcomes, no significant differences were observed in the prenatal sonographic findings: maximum duodenal dilatation, mean amniotic fluid index, and the changes in these parameters with advancing gestation. The cases with adverse outcomes were associated with a younger gestational age at delivery compared to the cases without adverse outcomes. Notably, the degree of duodenal dilatation and amniotic fluid volume were greater in duodenal atresia than in other causes of obstruction, including duodenal stenosis, a duodenal web, and an annular pancreas. In the study population, the overall postoperative survival rate was 98.2%.

Conclusions

Prenatal sonographic findings of duodenal obstruction were not associated with adverse outcomes; however, they may be helpful for differentiating the cause of duodenal obstruction.
Acquisition and Long‐term Retention of Bedside Ultrasound Skills in First‐Year Medical Students
Authors: Steinmetz Peter , Oleskevich Sharon , Lewis John
Published: July 2016

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to assess bedside ultrasound skill acquisition and retention in medical students after completion of the first year of a new undergraduate bedside ultrasound curriculum at McGill University.

Methods

Skill acquisition was assessed in first‐year medical students (n = 195) on completion of their bedside ultrasound instruction. Instruction included 6 clinically based 60‐minute practical teaching sessions evenly spaced throughout the academic year. Students' ability to meet course objectives was measured according to a 4‐point Likert rating scale. Evaluations were performed by both instructors and the students themselves. Retention of skill acquisition was evaluated 8 months later on a year‐end practical examination.

Results

The mean percentage ± SD of students assigned a rating of “strongly agree” or “agree” by instructors was 98% ± 0.4% for all 6 teaching sessions (strongly agree, 52% ± 3%; agree, 46% ± 3%). According to student self‐evaluations, the mean percentage of students assigned a rating of strongly agree was significantly greater than the percentage assigned by instructors for all teaching sessions (86% ± 2% versus 52% ± 3%; P < .0005). Evaluation of skill retention on the year‐end examination showed that 91% ± 2% of students were assigned a rating of strongly agree or agree for their ability to demonstrate skills learned 8 months previously. Ninety‐five percent of students reported that bedside ultrasound improved their understanding of anatomy for all 6 teaching sessions (mean, 95% ± 0.01%).

Conclusions

These results demonstrate that first‐year medical students show acquisition and long‐term retention of basic ultrasound skills on completion of newly implemented bedside ultrasound instruction.
Indoline‐Based Molecular Engineering for Optimizing the Performance of Photoactive Thin Films
Authors: Jin Ming Yu , Kim Byung‐Man , Jung Hyun Sil , Park Jun‐Hyeok , Roh Deok‐Ho , Nam Dong Guk , Kwon Tae‐Hyuk , Ryu Do Hyun
Published: July 2016

New indoline dyes (RK‐1–4) were designed with a planar geometry and high molar extinction coefficient, which provided surprising power conversion efficiency (PCE) with a thin titanium dioxide film in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs). They had a difference in only alkyl chain length. Despite the same molecular structure, the performance of the respective DSCs varied significantly. Investigating the dye adsorption processes and charge transfer kinetics, the alkyl chain length was determined to affect the dye surface coverage as well as the recombination between the injected photoelectrons and the oxidized redox mediators. When applied to the DSCs as a light harvester, RK‐3 with the dodecyl group exhibited the best photocurrent density, consequently achieving the best PCE of 9.1% with a 1.8 μm active and 2.5 μm scattering layer because of the most favorable charge injection. However, when increasing the active layer thickness, overall device performance deteriorated and the charge collection and regeneration played major roles for determining the PCE. Therefore, RK‐2 featuring the highest surface coverage and moderate alkyl chain length obtained the highest PCEs of 8.8% and 7.9% with 3.5 and 5.1 μm active layers, respectively. These results present a promising perspective of organic dye design for thin film DSCs.