bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Danish register-based study on the association between specific antipsychotic drugs and fractures in elderly individuals
Authors: Torstensson Maia , Leth-Møller Katja , Andersson Charlotte , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Gislason Gunnar Hilmar , Holm Ellen Astrid
Published: October 2016

Background

antipsychotic drugs (APs) have been associated with falls and fractures in elderly individuals but limited knowledge on specific drugs exist.

Objective

to investigate the association between individual APs and fractures in elderly persons.

Design and setting

nationwide register-based cohort study.

Subjects

all Danish individuals aged ≥65 who had not been in treatment with any AP in the year before inclusion.

Methods

incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of fractures of hip, pelvis or upper extremities during treatment with commonly used APs were assessed in multivariable Poisson models. Exposure was divided into time periods from initiation of treatment: 0–30 days, 31–365 days or >365 days.

Results

one year prior to inclusion, 1,540,915 individuals ≥65 years had not received APs and of these 93,298 initiated treatment with APs. Mean follow-up was 9.6 years. During follow-up, 246,057 (16%) experienced a fracture. Associations were for all APs highest in the initial treatment period (0–30 days) with IRRs for risperidone 1.97 (95% CI: 1.70–2.28), olanzapine 2.31 (95% CI: 1.96–2.73), quetiapine 2.09 (95% CI: 1.73–2.52), zuclopenthixol 2.19 (95% CI: 1.82–2.63), chlorprothixen 1.62 (95% CI: 1.18–2.24), flupenthixol 1.43 (95% CI: 1.06–1.93), levomepromazine 1.19 (95% CI 0.86–1.66), haloperidol 2.98 (95% CI 2.57–3.45), compared with the background population.

Conclusions

use of APs is associated with fractures in elderly persons especially in the initial treatment period. If AP use in an elderly person is deemed necessary, individual falls prophylaxis should be considered.
The impact of trawling on the epibenthic megafauna of the west Greenland shelf
Authors: Yesson Chris , Fisher Jess , Gorham Taylor , Turner Chris J. , Hammeken Arboe Nanette , Blicher Martin E. , Kemp Kirsty M.
Published: October 2016

Benthic habitats are important elements of polar marine environments, but can be vulnerable to anthropogenic influences such as trawling. Bottom trawling can reduce diversity and alter communities, although some habitats show resilience. The shrimp trawl fishery of West Greenland is a significant part of Greenland's economy. It operates along the west coast from the narrow rockier shelf of the south, up to deeper, muddy areas around Disko Bay. Here we use a benthic drop camera to sample 201 sites between latitudes 60–72°N and depths of 61–725m. Linear models examined relationships of taxon abundance and diversity with bottom trawling intensity and environment (depth, temperature, current, iceberg concentration). Trawling intensity is the most important factor determining the overall abundance of benthic organisms, accounting for 12–16% of variance, although environmental conditions also show significant associations. Sessile erect organisms such as corals show a significant negative response to trawling. Soft sediment communities show a higher resilience than rocky areas. On soft sediments significantly lower abundance characterises sites trawled under five years ago. On hard/mixed ground reduced abundance remains characteristic of sites trawled a decade ago. Continued monitoring of benthic habitats is an essential part of evaluating the ongoing impacts of trawl fisheries.
Legal Fragmentation, Extraterritoriality and Uncertainty in Global Financial Regulation
Authors: Lehmann Matthias
Published: October 2016

This article explores the reasons for legal fragmentation and extraterritoriality in the global regulation of finance. It shows that duplicative and overreaching rules are not necessarily the result of regulatory competition in which egoistic states undercut the rules of others in order to improve their position. An equally pivotal problem that global financial regulation has to cope with is uncertainty. Such uncertainty exists with regard to the right measures for achieving financial stability and with regard to the willingness and ability of other states to adopt them. The article analyses approaches to overcoming legal fragmentation while maintaining global financial stability. It suggests that there is no alternative to a collaborative approach, using intensified regulatory dialogue, a broadening of the information base and deference to other states’ rules. In order to improve the current mechanism, it proposes the introduction of multinational panels to assess whether regulatory and supervisory set-ups of two or more states lead to comparable outcomes, in which case they must be recognised as being ‘equivalent’ or ‘substituted compliant’.
Are we facing a physician assistant surplus?
Authors: Salsberg Edward , Quigley Leo
Published: October 2016

The rapid growth in the physician assistant (PA) pipeline reflects in part a growing demand for health services that has created many opportunities for new PAs. However, the simultaneous growth in the production of physicians and NPs raises the question as to whether the nation will overproduce PAs and other clinicians. Although the growing supply of PAs will help meet the nation's healthcare needs, this study concludes that the job market for new PAs is likely to tighten. The authors recommend a system to track supply, demand, and distribution to inform the PA community and to encourage alignment of supply and demand.
Ivabradine Attenuates the Microcirculatory Derangements Evoked by Experimental Sepsis
Authors: Miranda Marcos L. , Balarini Michelle M. , Balthazar Daniela S. , Paes Lorena S. , Santos Maria-Carolina S. , Bouskela Eliete
Published: October 2016

Background

Experimental data suggest that ivabradine, an inhibitor of the pacemaker current in sinoatrial node, exerts beneficial effects on endothelial cell function, but it is unclear if this drug could prevent microcirculatory dysfunction in septic subjects, improving tissue perfusion and reducing organ failure. Therefore, this study was designed to characterize the microcirculatory effects of ivabradine on a murine model of abdominal sepsis using intravital videomicroscopy.

Methods

Twenty-eight golden Syrian hamsters were allocated in four groups: sham-operated animals, nontreated septic animals, septic animals treated with saline, and septic animals treated with ivabradine (2.0 mg/kg intravenous bolus + 0.5 mg · kg−1 · h−1). The primary endpoint was the effect of ivabradine on the microcirculation of skinfold chamber preparations, assessed by changes in microvascular reactivity and rheologic variables, and the secondary endpoint was its effects on organ function, evaluated by differences in arterial blood pressure, motor activity score, arterial blood gases, and hematologic and biochemical parameters among groups.

Results

Compared with septic animals treated with saline, those treated with ivabradine had greater functional capillary density (90 ± 4% of baseline values vs. 71 ± 16%; P < 0.001), erythrocyte velocity in capillaries (87 ± 11% of baseline values vs. 62 ± 14%; P < 0.001), and arteriolar diameter (99 ± 4% of baseline values vs. 91 ± 7%; P = 0.041) at the end of the experiment. Besides that, ivabradine-treated animals had less renal, hepatic, and neurologic dysfunction.

Conclusions

Ivabradine was effective in reducing microvascular derangements evoked by experimental sepsis, which was accompanied by less organ dysfunction. These results suggest that ivabradine yields beneficial effects on the microcirculation of septic animals.
Challenges in the health economics of familial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Norman Richard , Watts Gerald F. , Weintraub William , Gidding Samuel S.
Published: October 2016

Purpose of review

Implementation of effective interventions often requires evidence regarding value, that is, whether they are worth what we pay for them. This review explores recent evidence concerning cost-effectiveness in familial hypercholesterolemia, and discusses the cause of, and likelihood of solutions to, the paucity of such evidence.

Recent findings

Cost-effectiveness analysis in familial hypercholesterolemia has been limited almost exclusively to adult populations. However, there is growing evidence that childhood intervention offers substantial benefit in terms of downstream health gains. Statin therapy in adults has been demonstrated to be cost-effective, but the range of novel agents that might be used will require de novo economic evaluation alongside exploration of their effect and safety profile.

The familial hypercholesterolemia field has limited evidence regarding cost-effectiveness, which limits optimum allocation of resources. Economic evaluations are necessary to appraise new agents and optimal timing of management approaches. Evaluations often have substantial data demands; consequentially, their applicability to medical decision-making or policy will be partly determined by the availability of data, particularly those providing information about the long-term trajectory of health benefit from familial hypercholesterolemia treatment.
Management of Hand Injuries: Part II
Authors: Ramirez Elda G. , Hoyt K. Sue
Published: October 2016

Hand injuries are a frequent emergency department occurrence and account for most upper extremity injuries. Proper assessment and management of hand injuries can reduce morbidity and prevent long-term disability. “Assessment of Acute Hand Injuries” Part I was discussed in the Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal (E. G. Ramirez and K. S. Hoyt, 2014). Part II herein discusses the epidemiology, radiographs, and the management of hand lacerations, fingertip injuries, and fractures. Part III will discuss the management of tendon, ligamentous, neurovascular, and other special hand injuries along with the management of selected chronic hand conditions.
Epidural and transcutaneous spinal electrical stimulation for restoration of movement after incomplete and complete spinal cord injury
Authors: Mayr Winfried , Krenn Matthias , Dimitrijevic Milan R.
Published: October 2016

Purpose of review

The Purpose of this review is to outline and explain the therapeutic use of electrical spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for modification of spinal motor output. Central functional stimulation provides afferent input to posterior root neurons and is applied to improve volitional movements, posture and their endurance, control spasticity, and improve bladder function or perfusion in the lower limbs. Clinical accomplishments strongly depend on each individual's physiological state and specific methodical adaptation to that physiological state.

Recent findings

Effectiveness of this neuromodulory technique for changing motor control after spinal cord injury (SCI) continues to be explored along with the underlying mechanisms of its effect in people with complete and incomplete spinal cord injuries. There are extensive studies of tonic and rhythmical activity elicited from the lumbar cord as well as data demonstrating augmentation of residual volitional activity. Recent studies have focused on verifying if and how SCS can modify features of neurocontrol in ambulatory spinal cord patients.

In this review, we emphasize recent publications of research revealing that SCS can substitute for the reduced brain drive for control of excitability in people with SCI. Artificially replacing diminished or lost brain control over the spinal cord has limitations. A fundamental requirement for successful SCS application is analysis of each individual's residual postinjury neural function. This will allow a better understanding of the physiological interactions between SCS and spinal cord motor control below injury and provide criteria for its application. Finally, the publication of both successful and failed applications of SCS will be crucial for gaining future progress.
Sleep-wake disturbances in the premotor and early stage of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Bargiotas Panagiotis , Schuepbach Michael W.M. , Bassetti Claudio L.
Published: October 2016

Purpose of review

Review of recent literature pertaining to frequency, associations, mechanisms, and overall significance of sleep--wake disturbances (SWD) in the premotor and early phase of Parkinson's disease.

Recent findings

SWD are frequent in Parkinson's disease and their prevalence increases with disease progression. Recent studies confirm previous findings that SWD can appear as initial manifestation of Parkinson's disease even decades before motor signs appear and highlight their clinical associations in these early stages. More intriguingly, new evidence underpins their role as risk factors, predictors, or even as driving force for the neurodegenerative process. As our understanding of sleep--wake neurobiology increases, new hypotheses emerge concerning the pathophysiology of SWD in early Parkinson's disease stages involving dopaminergic and nondopaminergic mechanisms.

SWD are predictors for the development of parkinsonian syndromes including Parkinson's disease. This may offer the opportunity of developing new preventive strategies and interventions at an early stage of this neurodegenerative disease.
The successor representation in human reinforcement learning
Authors: Momennejad I , Russek EM , Cheong JH , Botvinick MM , Daw ND , Gershman SJ
Published: October 2016

Theories of reward learning in neuroscience have focused on two families of algorithms, thought to capture deliberative vs. habitual choice. “Model-based” algorithms compute the value of candidate actions from scratch, whereas “model-free” algorithms make choice more efficient but less flexible by storing pre-computed action values. We examine an intermediate algorithmic family, the successor representation (SR), which balances flexibility and efficiency by storing partially computed action values: predictions about future events. These pre-computation strategies differ in how they update their choices following changes in a task. SR’s reliance on stored predictions about future states predicts a unique signature of insensitivity to changes in the task’s sequence of events, but flexible adjustment following changes to rewards. We provide evidence for such differential sensitivity in two behavioral studies with humans. These results suggest that the SR is a computational substrate for semi-flexible choice in humans, introducing a subtler, more cognitive notion of habit.
FSTand kinship for arbitrary population structures II: Method-of-moments estimators
Authors: Ochoa Alejandro , Storey John D.
Published: October 2016

FSTand kinship are key parameters often estimated in modern population genetics studies in order to quantitatively characterize structure and relatedness. Kinship matrices have also become a fundamental quantity used in genome-wide association studies and heritability estimation. The most frequently used estimators ofFSTand kinship are method-of-moments estimators whose accuracies depend strongly on the existence of simple underlying forms of structure, such as the independent subpopulations model of non-overlapping, independently evolving subpopulations. However, modern data sets have revealed that these simple models of structure likely do not hold in many populations, including humans. In this work, we provide new results on the behavior of these estimators in the presence of arbitrarily complex population structures, which results in an improved estimation framework specifically designed for arbitrary population structures. After establishing a framework for assessing bias and consistency of genome-wide estimators, we calculate the accuracy of existingFSTand kinship estimators under arbitrary population structures, characterizing biases and estimation challenges unobserved under their originally assumed models of structure. We then present our new approach, which consistently estimates kinship andFSTwhen the minimum kinship value in the dataset is estimated consistently. We illustrate our results using simulated genotypes from an admixture model, constructing a one-dimensional geographic scenario that departs nontrivially from the independent subpopulations model. Our simulations reveal the potential for severe biases in estimates of existing approaches that are overcome by our new framework. This work may significantly improve future analyses that rely on accurate kinship andFSTestimates.
Level-Based Analysis of Genetic Algorithms and Other Search Processes
Authors: Corus Dogan , Dang Duc-Cuong , Eremeev Anton V. , Lehre Per Kristian
Published: October 2016

Understanding how the time-complexity of evolutionary algorithms (EAs) depend on their parameter settings and characteristics of fitness landscapes is a fundamental problem in evolutionary computation. Most rigorous results were derived using a handful of key analytic techniques, including drift analysis. However, since few of these techniques apply effortlessly to population-based EAs, most time-complexity results concern simplified EAs, such as the (1 + 1) EA.

This paper describes thelevel-based theorem, a new technique tailored to population-based processes. It applies to any non-elitist process where o spring are sampled independently from a distribution depending only on the current population. Given conditions on this distribution, our technique provides upper bounds on the expected time until the process reaches a target state.

We demonstrate the technique on several pseudo-Boolean functions, the sorting problem, and approximation of optimal solutions in combina-torial optimisation. The conditions of the theorem are often straightfor-ward to verify, even for Genetic Algorithms and Estimation of Distribution Algorithms which were considered highly non-trivial to analyse. Finally, we prove that the theorem is nearly optimal for the processes considered. Given the information the theorem requires about the process, a much tighter bound cannot be proved.
Hitchhiking in space: ancestry in adapting, spatially-extended populations
Authors: Allman Brent , Weissman Daniel B.
Published: October 2016

Selective sweeps reduce neutral genetic diversity. In sexual populations, this “hitchhiking” effect is thought to be limited to the local genomic region of the sweeping allele. While this is true in panmictic populations, we find that in spatially-extended populations the combined effects of many unlinked sweeps can affect patterns of ancestry (and therefore neutral genetic diversity) across the whole genome. Even low rates of sweeps can be enough to skew the spatial locations of ancestors such that neutral mutations that occur in an individual living outside a small region in the center of the range have virtually no chance of fixing in the population. The fact that nearly all ancestry rapidly traces back to a small spatial region also means that relatedness between individuals falls off very slowly as a function of the spatial distance between them.
Bis(2-aminopyridine)dibenzoatocobalt(II). Erratum
Authors: Ju Wen-Zheng , Jiao Rui-Hua , Cao Ping , Fang Rui-Qin
Published: October 2016

In the paper by Ju et al. [Acta Cryst. (2006), E62, m1012–m1013], the metal atom was reported incorrectly.
Kilisun: protecting beyond the Sun
Authors: Justo Rachida , Mehra Rakhi
Published: October 2016

Subject area

Social entrepreneurship.

Study level/applicability

Undergraduate or Honours students interested in Social Enterprise.

Case overview

The case describes the challenges face by Mafalda Soto, a Spanish pharmacist, who together with two albino Tanzanian colleagues, has patented and produced the first solar lotion for the albino population made in Africa. The social organization, KiliSun, and its main product have had a remarkable success in Tanzania and have received funds from BASF and the Tanzanian government for production and distribution until 2016. However, Mafalda could not help but think about how to make a viable project out of her social innovation. For how long could she keep her collaborators on board? Where will she get the funds from? What role should she give the Tanzanian government? After all, her dream was to help albinos beyond Tanzania. It was Christmas eve, and that night, Mafalda went to bed naively asking Santa to help her make possible that every albino could one day have access to her sun lotion. This way, they also, could get closer to the sun.

Expected learning outcomes

How to finance the growth of the organization; how to design a business model that helps social enterprises become self-sustaining; how to measure social impact; and how to craft and choose strategic alliances.

Supplementary materials

Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code

CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
On proposing and evaluating a NoSQL document database logical approach
Authors: Lima Cláudio , Mello Ronaldo Santos
Published: October 2016

Purpose

NoSQL databases do not require a default schema associated with the data. Even that, they are categorized by data models. A model associated with the data can promote better strategies for persistence and manipulation of data in the target database. Based on this motivation, the purpose of this paper is to present an approach for logical design of NoSQL document databases that consists a process that converts a conceptual modeling into efficient logical representations for a NoSQL document database. The authors also evaluate their approach and demonstrate that the generated NoSQL logical structures reduce the amount of data items accessed by queries.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper presents an approach for logical design of NoSQL document database schemas based on a conceptual schema. The authors generate compact and redundancy-free schemas and define appropriate representations in a NoSQL document logical model. The estimated volume of data and workload information can be considered to generate optimized NoSQL document structures.

Findings

This approach was evaluated through a case study with an experimental evaluation in the e-commerce application domain. The results demonstrate that the authors’ workload-based conversion process improves query performance on NoSQL documents by reducing the number of database accesses.

Originality/value

Unlike related work, the reported approach covers all typical conceptual constructs, details a conversion process between conceptual schemas and logical representations for NoSQL document database category and, additionally, considers the estimated database workload to perform optimizations in the logical structure. An experimental evaluation shows that the proposed approach is promising.
ISML-MDE
Authors: Franky Maria Consuelo , Pavlich-Mariscal Jaime A. , Acero Maria Catalina , Zambrano Angee , Olarte John C. , Camargo Jorge , Pinzón Nicolás
Published: October 2016

Purpose

This purpose of this paper is to present ISML-MDE, a model-driven environment that includes ISML, a platform-independent modeling language for enterprise applications; ISML-GEN, a code generation framework to automatically generate code from models; and LionWizard, a tool to automatically integrate different components into a unified codebase.

Design/methodology/approach

The development comprises five stages: standardizing architecture; refactoring and adapting existing components; automating their integration; developing a modeling language; and creating code generators. After development, model-to-code ratios in ISML-MDE are measured for different applications.

Findings

The average model-to-code ratio is approximately 1:4.6 when using the code generators from arbitrary models. If a model transformation is performed previously to the code generation, this ratio raises to 1:115. The current validation efforts show that ISML properly supports several DSL essential characteristics described by Kahraman and Bilgen (2015).

Research limitations/implications

ISML-MDE was tested on relatively small applications. Further validation of the approach requires measurement of development times and their comparison with previous similar projects, to determine the gains in productivity.

Originality/value

The value of ISML-MDE can be summarized as follows: ISML-MDE has the potential to significantly reduce development times, because of an adequate use of models and transformations. The design of ISML-MDE addresses real-world development requirements, obtained from a tight interaction between the researchers and the software development company. The underlying process has been thoroughly documented and it is believed it can be used as a reference for future developments of MDE tools under similar conditions.
Child sexual exploitation
Authors: Alderson Kirsty Amanda
Published: October 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to offer an overview of the research to date, including how some findings have informed practice within child care organisations in England and Wales. The challenges of applying this research are considered, along with some of its key limitations. Avenues for future research are proposed, but understanding will only progress further if research is underpinned by appropriate theory. This paper suggests promising theory that could be applied to CSE. There is also a need to consider CSE risk more holistically and not just in relation to the presence or absence of discrete vulnerability factors.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a brief overview of the literature to date, with a focus on how it has been applied by child care professionals.

Findings

Discusses how some findings have informed practice within child care organisations in England and Wales.

Originality/value

This is a viewpoint piece.
Dividend policy following mergers and acquisitions: US evidence
Authors: Dereeper Sébastien , Turki Aymen
Published: October 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to address whether the past dividend policy of target firm impacts dividend policies following US mergers and acquisitions (M&A).

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use the catering theory as a theoretical approach to test dividend change after a merger-acquisition. For the empirical design, dividend policy is captured using dividend status, payout ratio and dividend yield, and specifications are estimated using Probit and OLS models.

Findings

The data indicate that dividend policy of the target affects dividend policy of the combined entity in cases of stock-based deals. This result provides support for catering theory, which maintains that managers of acquirers adjust dividend policies following transactions to cater to target shareholders’ preferences.

Research limitations/implications

Although the tests suggest significant results using dividend status and payout ratio as measures of dividend, the authors do not find a similar effect for dividend yield.

Practical implications

Financial analysts evaluating merger-acquisition announcements may wish to predict the dividend policy following stock-based deals as they project the likely impact of past dividend policies of target firms. The results are also likely to be useful to investors.

Originality/value

The paper presents new evidence about dividend policy following M&A. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that examines how an acquirer’s dividend policy is affected by an acquisition.
KPMG’s True Value methodology
Authors: Coulson Andrea B.
Published: October 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to constructively critique KPMG’s “True Value methodology” which seeks to quantify in financial terms the value companies create or reduce for society.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is based on a review of documents produced by KPMG detailing its methodology and corporate reports in the public domain of the True Value methodology applied in practice. The critique is divided into two sections. The first section reviews KPMGs methodological view of a bounded economic reality and offers potential starting points and limitations for a conceptual framing of the “methodology”. Practical insights on applying the methodology are offered in the second section.

Findings

The True Value methodology helps its producers understand the potential risk to future earnings posed by current externalities being internalised. KPMG’s socio-economic framing of future scenarios and financial valuation of environmental and social impacts is limited to a standardised commercial viewpoint. Potential opportunities exist for producers to involve stakeholders in the application of the methodology to form a more inclusive and pluralist conception of risk and values for social and environmental impacts.

Practical implications

This paper offers timely insights for companies using and considering the use of the “True Value” methodology and stakeholders considering their engagement in the application process and/or use of its findings.

Originality/value

The study is a constructive critique of this contemporary, financial practice of accounting for externalities developed by KMPG.
A review of “A New Vision of Value” – old wine, new bottle
Authors: Barter Nick
Published: October 2016

Purpose

This paper is a review of KPMG’s true value methodology. It highlights how a positive for the methodology is its advance of a systemic perspective, with the challenge being its furthering of an agenda of corporate centricity, where money is the mediator for societal decisions.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper draws on existing literature to develop its arguments.

Findings

The paper highlights how the true value methodology has merit for furthering a move towards the embrace of a more systemic thinking by business leaders; for example, how organisations are nested in society, not separate from society. However, the methodology is a cause for concern, because, for “true value” (ibid, p. 3) to be identified, albeit the notion of true value is one that stuns with its hubris, there is a need to monetise all exchanges and have corporations make societal well-being decisions based on monetary calculations as opposed to moral or ethical considerations. Thus, the methodology is advancing a corporate centric and narrowly defined perspective on what constitutes societal progress.

Research limitations/implications

This paper is a review of the methodology with some critique and implications for management, leadership and culture discussed.

Practical implications

The arguments presented highlight how the methodology furthers a particular perspective, and thus it should, like all tools, be used with an understanding of its limitations.

Social implications

A key social implication brought forward in the paper is a corporate-centric perspective on societal progress. This corporate-centric perspective ensures that although a more systemic perspective is taken, society is viewed as a little more than a servant of the corporation.

Originality/value

In drawing on existing literature, the originality lies in the combination of arguments brought together to realise the central claims.
The Book of Marriage: Histories of Muslim Women in Twentieth‐Century Australia
Authors: Khatun Samia
Published: October 2016

From 1860 to the 1920s, Muslim merchants and workers from across British India and Afghanistan travelled to Australian shores to work in the extensive camel transportation network that underpinned the growth of capitalism in the Australian interior. Through marriage, South Asian women in addition to white women and Aboriginal women became part of families spanning the Indian Ocean. Yet, the life‐worlds of these women are absent from Australian historiography and the field of Indian Ocean studies alike. When women do appear in Australian histories of Muslim communities, the orientalist accounts work to condemn Muslim men rather than shed light on women's lives. Leading scholars of Indian Ocean mobilities on the other hand, have tended to equate masculinity with motion and femininity with stasis, omitting analyses of women's life‐trajectories across the Indian Ocean arena. In this article, I rethink the definitions of ‘motion’ that underpin Indian Ocean histories by reading marriage records as an archive of women's motion. Using family archives spanning from Australia to South Asia, this article examines five women's marriages to South Asian men in Australia. Challenging the racist accounts of gender relations that currently structure histories of Muslims in Australia, I turn to the intellectual traditions of colonised peoples in search of alternatives to orientalist narratives. Redeploying the Muslim narrative tradition of Kitab al‐Nikah (Book of Marriage) to write feminist history, this article proposes a new framework to house histories of Muslim women.
From Occupation to Recuperation: Property, Politics and Provincialization in Contemporary Madrid
Authors: Gonick Sophie
Published: October 2016

Recent debates have once again engaged with the substance and meaning of urban politics within our increasingly complex and startling contemporary landscapes. Yet these debates, while giving nods in the direction of feminist and postcolonial scholarship, largely work through traditional lenses of class, labor and the dynamic workings of neoliberal capitalism. In this article, I focus on spaces of difference and their engagement with the urban to demonstrate how politics ‘happens' in locations often left off the map of both scholarship and popular imaginaries, and, crucially, how those locations can, in fact, illuminate shifting political arrangements elided by other methodologies. By juxtaposing European okupa debates with postcolonial discussions of urban informality, I trace what I argue is a new iteration of squatting within a city both ravaged by edicts of neoliberal austerity and buoyed by the efflorescence of social movements and alternative political projects. I then explicate the role of property in constituting the urban within Spain, using the concept of ‘provincialization'. In doing so, I think relationally between systems of property and emergent forms of insurgency to argue that we are witnessing an anticipatory politics that fundamentally challenges hegemonic relationships between everyday citizens and regimes of property ownership.
Continuity, change and complexity in the performance of masculinity among elite young footballers in England
Authors: Roberts Steven , Anderson Eric , Magrath Rory
Published: October 2016

Following recent research evidencing that young men are redefining the essential components of what it is to be a man, this paper draws on qualitative interviews with 22 elite‐level, English Premier League academy level football (soccer) players to investigate their performances and understandings of masculinity in relation to decreasing homohysteria. Even in this gender‐segregated, near‐total institution, these working‐class, non‐educationally aspiring adolescents evidence an attenuated performance of ‘maleness’ and improved attitudinal disposition toward homosexuality. Congruent with insights developed by inclusive masculinity scholars, respondents maintained emotional closeness and physical tactility with male teammates and friends. These more inclusive attitudes and homosocial behaviours were, however, slightly more conservative than in other recent research. We close by explaining this variation with reference to theoretical apparatus’ provided by Goffman and Bourdieu to advance theoretical debates about social class and masculinities.
Nutritional and phytochemical value of Brassica crops from the agri‐food perspective
Authors: Francisco M. , Tortosa M. , Martínez‐Ballesta M.del Carmen , Velasco P. , García‐Viguera C. , Moreno D.A.
Published: October 2016

Brassica foods are among the top 10 economic crops in the world (i.e. broccoli, kale, cauliflower and Chinese cabbage). These vegetables have been identified as important components of a healthy diet because of their high levels of nutrients and health‐promoting phytochemicals (i.e. phenolics, glucosinolates, vitamins and minerals). Epidemiological studies have shown that increased consumption of Brassica foods is strongly associated with a reduced risk of degenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular disease and immune dysfunction. Nevertheless, the nutritional content and profile in Brassica vegetables have been reported to vary considerably during the growth period due to agronomical factors including light, temperature, water availability and soil fertility among others. Moreover, the conditions of postharvest processing and cooking are also important factors on food quality. A better understanding of specific preharvest and postharvest conditions is essential to improve cultivars with value‐added nutritional quality. Thus, in this article are going to be addressed the effects of the most common crop management strategies and processes on the variation of nutritive compounds present within Brassica from the agri‐food perspective.
Pollen on the Shroud of Turin: The Probable Trace Left by Anointing and Embalming
Authors: Boi M.
Published: October 2016

This study proposes an alternative interpretation of the pollen grains found on the Christian relic of the Shroud of Turin, the majority of which belong to entomogamous plants. The examination of the images in the literature and the observation of modern pollen under light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy reveal that the most abundant pollen on the relic may be attributed to the genus Helichrysum (Asteraceae family) instead of Gundelia tournefortii. The other most important pollen found belongs to the Cistaceae‐Cistus spp.—the Apiaceae—probably Ferula spp.—and the Anacardianceae—the genus Pistacia. These pollen grains could have come from plants used to obtain expensive and valuable substances that would have been the basis for the oils of Helichrysum, ladanum and galbanum, as well as for mastic and terebinth products; this fact has not been considered by previous authors. Ancient historical records give us references that could link the pollen traces to a mixture of balms and ointments employed for preparing the body for funeral and burial. For this reason, the palynological study reveals coherency with these historical records about the rituals, as reported on by the important scientists Pliny the Elder and Dioscorides, dating back to the first centuryad.
Corporate Life Cycle and Earnings Benchmarks
Authors: Choi Jeongmi , Choi Wooseok , Lee Eunsuh
Published: October 2016

We examine whether and how corporate life cycle significantly influences meeting or beating earnings benchmarks (MBE). We find that corporate life cycle plays a significant role in a firm's meeting or beating earnings benchmarks behaviour. Developing strategies that fit into the stage of corporate life cycle is crucial for corporate success. MBE is an important financial goal that requires strategies. In this study, we examine whether and how corporate life cycle significantly influences MBE. Specifically, we focus on the incentives of MBE in growth and mature firms. We find that corporate life cycle significantly influences a firm's tendency to meet or beat zero earnings, prior earnings and analysts’ earnings forecasts. Based on logit regressions for the period from 1988 to 2008, the results indicate that growth firms are more likely to meet or beat all three earnings benchmarks. Overall, the results of this study indicate that a firm's MBE behaviour should be examined in the context of its life cycle stage.
Number sense in the transition from natural to rational numbers
Authors: Van Hoof Jo , Verschaffel Lieven , Van Dooren Wim
Published: October 2016

Background

Rational numbers are of critical importance both in mathematics and in other fields of science. However, they form a stumbling block for learners. One widely known source of the difficulty learners have with rational numbers is the natural number bias, that is the tendency to (inappropriately) apply natural number properties in rational number tasks. Still, it has been shown that a good understanding of natural numbers is highly predictive for mathematics achievement in general, and for performance on rational number tasks in particular.

Aims

In this study, we further investigated the relation between learners' natural and rational number knowledge, specifically in cases where a natural number bias may lead to errors.

Sample

Participants were 140 sixth graders from six different primary schools.

Method

Participants completed a symbolic and a non‐symbolic natural number comparison task, a number line estimation task, and a rational number sense test.

Results

Learners' natural number knowledge was found to be a good predictor of their rational number knowledge. However, after first controlling for learners' general mathematics achievement, their natural number knowledge only predicted the subaspect of operations with rational numbers.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that the relation between learners' natural and rational number knowledge can largely be explained by their relation with learners' general mathematics achievement.
A phase 2 trial of high dose lenalidomide in patients with relapsed/refractory higher‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukaemia with trilineage dysplasia
Authors: Zeidan Amer M. , Smith B. Douglas , Carraway Hetty E. , Gojo Ivana , DeZern Amy , Gore Steven D.
Published: October 2016

Limited therapies exist for patients with refractory and relapsed (RR) higher‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes (HR‐MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia with trilineage dysplasia (AML‐TD). High dose (HD) lenalidomide (50 mg) has activity as frontline therapy in elderly AML but there is limited data in the RR setting. This phase II trial included patients with RR HR‐MDS or AML‐TD at 2 doses of lenalidomide (15 or 50 mg) on days 1–28 of 42‐day cycles. The primary endpoint was response rate using the 2006 International Working Group criteria. Overall survival (OS) was estimated by Kaplan–Meier methods. Of 27 patients enrolled, 59% had HR‐MDS and 31% AML‐TD. No patient had isolated del5q; 41% had poor‐risk karyotype. Of 9 patients treated at 15 mg, 56% completed ≥2 cycles with no responses. Of 18 patients treated at 50 mg, 39% completed ≥2 cycles and 11% responded but all experienced grade 3/4 neutropenic fever/infection. The 60‐day mortality rate was 30%. Median OS was 114 days with 19% surviving ≥1 year. The study was terminated due to lack of robust clinical activity. In conclusion, lenalidomide at 15 mg is ineffective in RR myeloid malignancies. Continous high dosing schedules are poorly tolerated and minimally active. Further evaluation should be considered in upfront intensive chemotherapy‐ineligible patients.
Impact of branding on public awareness of healthcare‐related governing bodies: a pilot study of the Urological Society of Australia and New Zealand brand
Authors: Gianduzzo Troy R.J. , Gardiner Robert A. , Rashid Prem , Young Rhys , Frydenberg Mark , Kelly Sarah
Published: October 2016

Objective

To assess the general public's understanding of urologists and of the Urological Society of Australian and New Zealand (USANZ) and gauge the effectiveness with which theUSANZdisseminates health information about urological conditions to health consumers.

Subjects and Methods

Using prostate cancer as an example, a Qualtrics online market survey of Australian healthcare consumers recruited from an online pool was conducted. The number of districts sampled within each state or territory was proportional to the size of the target population within each region and were proportionately distributed across metropolitan and non‐metropolitan areas. Demographic characteristics were comparable with the Australian Bureau of Statistics Census figures corresponding to the target age group. The survey assessed knowledge of the roles of medical specialties through open‐ended responses to qualitative items, association tasks, and recall/recognition questions. Subjects were asked to rate their familiarity of medical specialists and of six medical specialty logos.

Results

There were 302 respondents. Subjects indicated less awareness of urology vs other medical specialties, were relatively unaware that urologists were concerned with the prostate, and theUSANZbranding was among the least familiar (P< 0.001, Friedman test). When asked the first medical specialist that came to mind when told of prostate cancer, only 22% wrote urologist.

Conclusion

The general public has a limited understanding of urologists and of theUSANZ. Sub‐brand names that explicitly link urologists to urological conditions, has been suggested as a means to increase the public's understanding of urologists and of theUSANZ, and improve theUSANZ's ability to promulgate urological health information.
Commodity prices and related equity prices
Authors: Chen Shiu‐Sheng
Published: October 2016

This paper shows that commodity‐sensitive stock price indices have strong power in predicting nominal and real commodity prices at short horizons (one‐month‐ahead predictions) using both in‐ and out‐of‐sample tests. The forecasts based on commodity‐sensitive stock price indices are able to significantly outperform naïve no‐change forecasts. For example, the one‐month‐ahead forecasts for nominal commodity prices reduce the mean squared prediction error by between 1.5% (for natural gas prices) and 20% (for copper prices). Moreover, the one‐month‐ahead directional forecast is found to perform significantly better than a 50:50 coin toss. As stock prices are not subject to revision, the proposed variable, which reflects timely and readily available market information, can potentially be a valuable predictor and thereby help to improve the accuracy of commodity price forecasts.
Feeding behavior of Diaphorina citri and its transmission of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ to citrus
Authors: Wu Tianyu , Luo Xiaozhu , Xu Changbao , Wu Fengnian , Qureshi Jawwad A. , Cen Yijing
Published: October 2016

Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening, is currently the most destructive disease of citrus, responsible for huge economic losses in the world's major citrus production areas. The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), transmits ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (Clas), the pathogen responsible to cause HLB. Understanding of vector, pathogen, and host plant interactions is important for the management of this vector‐disease complex. We used the direct‐current electrical penetration graph (DC‐EPG) system to evaluate feeding behavior of Clas‐infected D. citri adults, and their potential to transmit the pathogen to healthy citrus, Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Sunki (Rutaceae), following a 24‐h inoculation access period. Plants were tested for the presence of Clas by qPCR 6 months after inoculation. Findings suggest that inoculation was associated with salivation into the phloem sieve elements (waveform E1). The minimum feeding time for successful transmission by a single adult was 88.8 min, with a minimum E1 duration of 5.1 min. Regression analysis indicated a significant relationship between E1 duration and transmission efficiency. The adults successful in transmitting Clas to healthy citrus were able to penetrate and feed in the phloem much earlier than those which did not transmit. The minimum duration of E1 for a female was shorter than that of a male, but transmission was higher. However, durations of other EPG parameters were not significantly different between male and female. Feeding by single Clas‐infected D. citri adults on 6‐month‐old plants (Sunki) resulted in 23% HLB‐positive plants 6 months after inoculation. Multiple nymphs or adults could transmit the pathogen more efficiently than individual adults in the field, and further enhance the severity of the disease. Effective tactics are warranted to control D. citri and disrupt transmission of Clas.