bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Epigenetic alterations in the development of cancers
Authors: Mehboob Riffat
Published: April 2022

Many different factors are involved in the progression of cancers. Genes mutations and chromosomal abnormalities are normally considered main cause of cancers but there are some other reason for the development of cancers. Other cancer causing factors are known as epigenetic alterations [1,2]. Epigentic modification of genome is known as epigenetic alterations, lead toward cancer cells production. Epigentic modification does not cause change in sequences of nucleotide. Similar to genetic alteration epigenetic alteration can’t be ignored [3]. Basically mechanisms behind epigenetic modifications are deregulation of DNA proteins, change in CpG island methylation,  change in histone, oncogenes activation and deactivation of tumor suppressor [4].

Epigenetic alterations is directly linked with functional alterations of genome.  Alteration in DNA methylation, histone degeneration  and functional and structural abnormalities of chromosomes are the major examples of epigenetic modifications [5]. The main function of all epigenetic alterations is to modulate gene expression with same DNA  sequences. Means these changes never effect main basal sequence oF DNA [6], which remain same in cell division [7].

Many different types of cancers contains large number of epigenetic alterations, the most important of these are epigenetic alterations that occurs in DNA repair genes. These DNA repair genes drive slow expression of DNA  proteins. These abnormalities cause genetic unreliability, which is mainly considered as characteristic of various cancers [8,9].
Evaluation of Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism in Children Below Five Year of Age Residing in Lahore
Authors: Attique Bakhtawar , Elahi Shan , Kausar Humera
Published: April 2022

Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism occur due to insufficient production and over production of thyroid hormones. Identification of thyroid diseases at neonatal and developing years enable physicians to treat thyroid dysfunction at the appropriate time and correspondingly aid to find hyperthyroidism in children below 3.5 year of age which is rare in children below five years of age. Objectives: 1To determine hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism in children below 5 years of age by a biochemical screening of FT3, FT4, and TSH in the blood sample. 2Determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in children. Methods: 5ml blood samples were collected from hypothyroid and hyperthyroid children. Blood samples were centrifuged. Levels of FT4 and FT3 in the serum was determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and level of TSH was determined by immuno-radiometric Assay (IRMA). Samples were analyzed, by computerized gamma counter. Thyroid hormone level distribution was analyzed by using Chi-Square and T-Test. Results: Sixty five children were selected for the study, 34 male and 31 female children. Among 13 abnormal children, 4 (30.8%) were hyperthyroid because of their TSH level < 0.3 mIU/L and remaining 9 (69.2%) children were hypothyroid there TSH > 5.0 mIU/L. Goiter was found in three children which is a rare entity in children below 5 years of age. The goiter was found in children who had hypothyroidism. Conclusion: There was no significant age difference between hypothyroid and hyperthyroid children. The prevalence of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism was more in female as compared to male but the difference was not significant. There was no significant difference in the normal concentration of serum of thyroid hormone between male and female children.
Mobile Phone Usage and its health impacts
Authors: Kabir Mahvish
Published: April 2022

The frequency of mobile phone usage has been on the rise in past few decades around the world. This trend has even much increased in last 2 years of COVID-19 pandemic. Whole scenario of work, education, entertainment has been totally changed and shifted from physical activity to online mode. People have started doing everything on mobile phones via applications e.g. booking a car, ordering a food, taking lectures, playing games, consulting a physician, doing zoom meetings and entertainment is also restricted to online activities. In one way its positive that everything is just one click away and you don’t have to go out even for grocery shopping. On the otherhand, people have become very lazy and have stopped all kind of physical activities which has impacted adversely on their health.

It is often argued by some that increased cell phone usage has resulted in the rise of psychological and physical issues among the youth, well they are right to much extent. Although, people who use social media sites more than usual, they feel that they are relaxed but actually that is just an illusion for a time being. Sleeping patterns of the people has been totally disturbed who used mobile phone excessively. The have been sleeping in odd timings and therefore eating randomly. Hence, this is an eye opener for the society and authorities that excessive and un checked usage of mobile phone has caused many mental and physical health issues. We must take firm measures to educate, train and motivate people towards an active and healthy life style.
THE EFFECT OF CURRENT RATIO, TOTAL ASSET TURNOVER, DEBT TO ASSET RATIO, AND DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO ON RETURN ON ASSETS IN PLANTATION SUB-SECTOR COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE
Authors: Gunawan Rais , Widiyanti Marlina , Malinda Shelfi , Adam Mohamad
Published: April 2022

This study aims to analyze and apply the effect of the current ratio (CR), total asset turnover (TATO), debt to asset ratio (DAR), and debt to equity ratio (DER) on return on assets (ROA). The population in this study is plantation companies with 21 companies and a sample of 21 companies. The sampling technique used is a saturated sample/census; that is, all the population is sampled. The data collection technique uses documentation from financial reports published on the IDX's official website, namely www.IDX.co.id. The analysis used is multiple regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that the Current Ratio does not affect ROA, TATO has a positive and significant effect on ROA, DAR has a negative and significant effect on ROA, DER has a positive and significant effect on ROA.
THE INFLUENCE OF DISCIPLINE, ABILITY, AND COMPENSATION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AT THE CULTURAL OFFICE OF THE RIAU ISLANDS PROVINCE
Authors: Atik Atik , Khaddafi Muammar , Satriawan Bambang , Indrayani Indrayani
Published: April 2022

Reliable and quality human resuorces play a major role in the prosess of improving performance with one example that is applied to improving work productivity. Performance is influenced by various factors, both related to the workforce it self and other factors such as education, skills, discipline, attitudes and work ethics, motivation, nutrition and health, level of income, social security, environment and work climate, job opportunities, and achievement opportunities. In this study to prove the effect of discipline, ability and compensatioan on the performance of the employees of the Riau Islands Province Cultural service. The populations in this study were employees of the Riau Islands Provincial Culture Office in Tanjungpinang, with a total sample of 72 people.
UPAYA MENGATASI STRES KERJA DALAM RANGKA MENINGKATKAN KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA HOME CREDIT CABANG BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: Mulyana Kelvin , Defrizal Defrizal
Published: April 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui upaya mengatasi stres kerja pada Home Credit Cabang Bandar Lampung. Pemeriksaan ini merupakan jenis eksplorasi subjektif, sehingga penyelidikan informasi yang diterapkan adalah spellbinding. Pemilahan informasi adalah tindakan untuk menggambarkan atau mengumpulkan semua informasi yang telah diperoleh dari lapangan sebagai persepsi, pertemuan dan informasi sebagai catatan tertentu tidak peduli apa. Show of information, upaya memperkenalkan informasi untuk melihat gambaran umum atau bagian tertentu dari eksplorasi ini. Pengurangan informasi adalah cara paling umum untuk memilih, memusatkan perhatian pada penyederhanaan, abstraksi, dan perubahan informasi yang muncul dari akun-akun yang diletakkan di lapangan. End and check, adalah upaya khusus untuk mengamati pentingnya informasi yang dikumpulkan, dengan mencari desain, koneksi, kesamaan dari hal-hal yang sering muncul. Mengingat penyelidikan hipotetis dan konsekuensi dari pemeriksaan informasi, cenderung disimpulkan bahwa: ketiga subjek penelitian mengalami stres kerja selama bekerja di Home Credit Cabang Bandar Lampung. Mata air stres (stresor) berbeda untuk setiap subjek.
DISTRIBUTION FEATURES AND MORPHOMETRIC INDICATORS OF THE SIBERIAN ANGLERFISH POPULATION IN THE KYZYLZHAR DISTRICT OF THE NORTH KAZAKHSTAN REGION
Authors: Galaktionova E. V. , Vilkov V. S.
Published: April 2022

The Siberian anglerfish (Salamandrella keyserlingii) has until now been considered a rare species for the region under consideration, as well as for the whole of Northern Kazakhstan. Studies of teachers and students of M. Kozybayev University, conducted in different parts of the region, allowed to refute these ideas. First of all, it was found that the typical habitats of the anglerfish are damp and swampy places in the floodplain of the Ishim River, as well as similar areas in watershed territories. In suitable biotopes, the population density of the anglerfish reaches 18 individuals per 1 square meter, with an average of 1-2 individuals. Trapping and studying the morphology of the anglerfish allowed us to determine insignificant parameters of variation of the main indicators characterizing the sizes of adults and young individuals. Moreover, they practically did not differ from similar ones for other territories.
THE USE OF INTERGRADED-SKILLS APPROACH FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN TEACHING ENGLISH
Authors: Nurmagambet D. D.
Published: April 2022

The relevance of this theme is due to the process of globalization of the world community, which has a particular impact on the socio-economic development of countries and individuals. Globalization has led to direct changes in the existing educational systems of most countries (adoption of the Bologna Declaration, shift to a twotier higher education system, academic mobility, etc.). Therefore, in addition to providing academic perspectives and professional skills, it is necessary to train and develop communication skills that will enable students to become competitive professionals and adapt to modern society. This article describes the process of applying an integrative approach to teaching communication skills. In the scientific and pedagogical literature, the integrative approach is considered a pedagogical tool that integrates the knowledge acquired by students into the process of developing interdisciplinary skills. In the conclusion of the article the problems faced by teachers of English, as well as ways.
Welfare of Education in Kanyakumari District
Authors:   St. Xavier’s Catholic College of Engineering, Nagercoil, India, Raju Darwin Jose , Christopher Seldev ,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, St. Xavier’s Catholic College of Engineering, Nagercoil, India, A Subitha ,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, St. Xavier’s Catholic College of Engineering, Nagercoil, India, Jose Bright ,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, St. Xavier’s Catholic College of Engineering, Nagercoil, India, A. S Karthika ,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, St. Xavier’s Catholic College of Engineering, Nagercoil, India, Priya Krishna ,   Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, St. Xavier’s Catholic College of Engineering, Nagercoil, India
Published: April 2022

The intention of this paper is to provide a clear idea about the current education scenario practiced in Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India, its associated drawbacks and to propose innovative teaching methods. For this purpose, various schools in the district were visited and surveys had been conducted to bring out the expectations and interests of students towards our education system. Based on the feedback given by the students and teachers, an analysis was performed and the shortcomings in the current education system were spotted out. The suggestions and expectations on the existing education scheme are being discussed in this paper.
STRATEGIC CONVERGENCE AND COMPETITION IN THE INDO-PACIFIC REGION: POLICY OPTIONS FOR PAKISTAN
Authors: Younus Khadija
Published: April 2022

With Indo-Pacific being the stage for US-China strategic influence, South East Asia’s geopolitical scenario is likely to be transformed considerably. By declaring India as a Net Security Provider, the US has backed its outreach in the region by officially adjoining Pacific and Indian Oceans as the Indo-Pacific region. Major countries of the region including China, Russia, India, and Pakistan are in the phase of diversifying and reconfiguring their relationships. Within this scenario, Pakistan and India are likely to pursue their strategic interests that take them in opposite directions. While the US endows India with its strategic partner status, CPEC in Pakistan has emerged as a litmus test for China’s BRI. The contestation is to have a direct bearing on the strategic matrix of South Asia generally and Pakistan particularly. This qualitative research under the framework of realist/neo-realist and complex interdependence’s assumptions undertakes to account for this Sino-US strategic convergence and competition that is leading to a security dilemma in South Asia with implications for Pakistan. It concludes cooperation between the US and China is to enhance Pakistan’s security both internal and external while competition is to erode it. Alongside, this paper formulates some policy options for Pakistan’s decisionmakers for ensuring the security and socio-economic development of the country.
 
Bibliography Entry
Younus, Khadija. 2020. "Strategic Convergence and Competition in the Indo-Pacific Region: Policy Options for Pakistan." Margalla Papers 24 (1): 81-96.
CPEC: A TOOL FOR REGIONAL INTEGRATION AND LIBERAL INSTITUTIONALISM
Authors: Ali Asif
Published: April 2022

China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has been visualized by political scientists as a structural change in the balance of power of the world. The corridor has far-reaching economic and geopolitical impacts on Southwest Asian countries in general and Pakistan in particular. CPEC, being a transnational project, may face challenges in geographic as well as human terrain during its implementation phase. It would involve extra ordinary engineering resources to execute, massive funds to realize, and political acumen to manage social elements of Southwest Asian countries. This paper, therefore, explores China’s evolving relationship with the international system to achieve accelerated infrastructure development and boosted socio-economic growth through regional integration and liberal institutionalism. It is a multilateral strategy that will help Pakistan realize its true potential in the economic and strategic domains. It also endeavors to find linkages between China’s multilateralism with regional integration under the framework of CPEC based on liberal values of connectivity.
 
Bibliography Entry
Ali, Asif. 2020. "CPEC: A Tool for Regional Integration and Liberal Institutionalism." Margalla Papers 24 (2): 1-15.
FAILURE OF ORGANIZATION OF ISLAMIC COOPERATION: A CASE OF DISMAL STATE OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN KASHMIR AND PALESTINE
Authors: Shamshad Muhammad , Arshad Farooq
Published: April 2022

A profound observation of human rights endorses democratic norms, socio-political stability, economic prosperity, and the rule of law. Almost all developed states ensure their citizens with the protection of fundamental rights, and, in return, community plays a critical role in nation-building. Many human rights activists and organizations highlight the shortcomings behind the promulgation of laws for human security and plan to maintain security. Some developing states have failed to copy the developed states' human rights policy framework, especially regarding the protection of human rights. They are either trying to deprive their minorities of fundamental rights or confiscating their territories while pushing them into deteriorated conditions. India and Israel are two prominent examples of this connection. This study, therefore, analyses how India is dealing with its minorities, especially Muslims in illegally occupied Jammu and Kashmir. It also calls attention to the expansionist policy of Israel, disposing of Palestinians from their territory, thus experiencing the worst form of human rights violations. The Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) has also forgotten the objectives of its formation. Its leadership is dormant, which has paved the way for India and Israel to inflict more aggression on innocent Muslims. The study suggests that OIC leadership should be more active, saving Muslims from the worst kinds of human rights violations.
 
Bibliography Entry
Shamshad, Muhammad, Farooq Arshad. 2021. "Failure of Organization of Islamic Cooperation: A Case of Dismal State of Human Rights in Kashmir and Palestine." Margalla Papers 25 (2): 47-60.
Public Health as a Social Science: Reflections on the Possibilities of a Comprehensive Public Health
Authors: Baeza Claudio
Published: April 2022

Close historic relationships between medicine and public health have implied, as a consequence for the latter, the in-heritance of epistemological traits traditionally characteristic of a positivistic conception of science on which a major part of the theoretical development of modern medicine has been sup-ported. From the point of view of this ontological, epistemological and methodological reference of positivism, health has been reduced to deterministic, linear and causalistic explanations that systematically cancel any reference to the life world (Lebenswelt), both for the researcher and for the “objects” of research. The scientific pretensions of public health have become protruding over its political and ethical commitment, even widening the gap between scientific knowledge and the specific conditions of existence of social actors and their relation to health. This paper presents some reflections around the conditions of possibility for a comprehensive approach of public health problems. These reflections are based on a conception of health as a social phenomenon, that is to say, as an emergent element from the complex web of inter-subjective relationships among social actors, in a specific social and historic horizon. Epistemological, ethical and political implications of this perspective for research in public health are also discussed.
Development of Learning Materials on Fiqh of Alcohol and Khamr in Islamic and Science Perspective
Authors: MZ Rafika Dwi Rahmah , Suyadi  , Mufrodi Zahrul
Published: April 2022

The law of alcohol and khamr are often equated in Islamic fiqh, even though they are both different in terms of substance and character. The purpose of this study was to test the scientific experimental approach between alcohol and khamr in Islamic religious education learning at the Junior High School 6 PGRI Denpasar, Bali. This experiment will have implications for changing students' perspectives on alcohol which has two fiqh laws, while khamr is certainly haram even though the substance contained in khamr is not alcohol. This study used an experiment with a comparison between the science experimental method class and the control class using the lecture method. The results of the validation of media experts, materials and teachers were 93% with perfect criteria. The pretest in the experimental class has a percentage of 72.5% and the experimental class is 68.5% in the control class. Postest in the experimental class percentage of 87.25% of great criteria, while in the control class the value was not much different from the presentation in the experimental class 73. The difference between postest in the experimental class and control class is 14.25%. Based on the results of the validation and pretest-posttest comparisons between classes, the experimental method is well applied to Islamic Religious Education learning.
HAS THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC INFLUENCED THE MANAGEMENT OF HEAD AND NECK CANCER PATIENTS? A SINGLE-CENTRE STUDY
Authors: Antoniou Asterios , Tatsis Dimitris , Politis Solon , Louizakis Alexandros , Grivas Theodoros , Paraskevopoulos Konstantinos , Kyrgidis Athanassios , Vahtsevanos Konstantinos
Published: April 2022

Objectives The aim of the present study was to assess whether the current COVID-19 pandemic affect the management of patients with head and neck cancer in a major tertiary hospital in Greece. Materials and Methods A retrospective comparative study was performed, assessing the hospitalization of patients with head and neck cancer in the university-affiliated Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. A 12-month analysis was performed, from March 2020 to February 2021, as the first COVID period. For comparative reasons, patients from March 2019 to February 2020 were recorded (pre-COVID period). All head and neck cancer patients operated during both periods were included in the study. Results In total, 168 patients were included. Of those, 88 were operated in the pre-COVID period and 80 in the COVID period (p=0.53). The mean age was similar in the two groups (67.3 years), with a slight male predominance in both groups. 40 patients with advance tumours (T3 and T4) were included in both groups respectively. Similar were the frequency of patients with lymph node disease. Conclusions Despite the surge of COVID-19 patients in our hospital and the difficulties that arised from the lack of human and technical resources, our Department managed to address to the head and neck cancer patients who presented during the COVID period. Qualitative data shows a similar rate of patients with head and neck cancer before and after the pandemic who were successfully operated in our Department.
A RARE CASE OF CERVICAL CYSTIC LYMPHANGIOMA IN AN ADULT PATIENT
Authors: Tzortzis Andrianos-Serafeim , Maniatakos Vasileios P. , Tsintzos Simeon , Tzortzis George
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Lymphangioma of the neck is a rare benign tumour arising from the cervical lymphatic vessels. Three morphological types are described: capillary, cavernous and cystic. Almost 90% of these lesions are diagnosed before the age of two years old and a small number of cases of lymphangiomas are reported in adult patients.We present the diagnostic and treatment approach of a cervical cystic lymphangioma (CL) in an adult male. Case presentation: An 85-year-old male was referred to the outpatient clinic of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery with a history of a left-sided neck mass. The mass has been present for the last 15 years, but its size had increased during the last three months. The main complaints were a rapid increase in size and mild hoarseness of voice. FNAC was performed and 48cc of bloody fluid were aspirated and CL was suggested as a possible diagnosis. The patient underwent complete surgical excision of the lesion with dissection and preservation of the vital anatomic structures. He remains asymptomatic 1 year later with no signs of recurrence. Conclusions: Although rare, CL should be included in the differential diagnosis of cervical masses. Diagnosis is based on medical history, US of the neck, MRI, CECT and FNAC. Total surgical excision of the mass is the treatment of choice. In our case, the patient was mainly asymptomatic except for mild hoarseness of voice. FNAC suggested the lymphovascular origin of the lesion and the MRI depicted a well-defined lobulated mass that mildly deviated the trachea. Total excision of the mass was accomplished. He remains asymptomatic 1 year later.
Lateral cephalometric changes and stability of BSSO versus IVRO for mandibular setback surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Authors: Vitkos Evangelos N. , Tasoudis Panagiotis T. , Varvoglis Dimitrios N. , Kyrgidis Athanassios , Kanoutos Dimitrios
Published: April 2022

The aim of this review is to examine the lateral cephalometric hard tissue changes and the stability of the end result of bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) and the intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) techniques for mandibular setback surgery. A systematic review of MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases (last search date: August 22nd, 2021) was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Only studies that directly compare BSSO and IVRO were included. Random-effects model meta-analyses were performed. Ten studies, comprising a total of 331 patients, 169 patients undergoing BSSO and 162 patients undergoing IVRO were identified. No statistically significant differences were observed regarding the angular measurements: Sella/Nasion/B point (SNB) angle post-operatively (standardized mean difference [SMD]= 0.39, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: [-0.15] – [0.94], p=0.16, I2=57.09%) and 1 year after surgery (SMD= 0.72, 95% CI: [-0.08] – [1.53], p=0.08, I2=80.83%), gonial angle post-operatively (SMD=0.45, 95% CI: [-0,26] – [1.15], p=0.21, I2=72.54) and 1 year after surgery (SMD= 0.15, 95% CI: [-0.79] – [1.08], p=0.75, I2=91.56%), and MP angle 1 year after surgery (SMD=-0.46, 95% CI: [-1.64] – [0.72], p=0.45, I2=90.81%). In addition, no statistically significant differences were observed regarding the linear measurements, the relapse of the mandible as measured by the relapse of B point 1 year after surgery in the horizontal axis (SMD= 0.73, 95% CI: [-0.25] – [1.72], p=0.15, I2=86.43%) and vertically (SMD= -0.76, 95% CI: [-1.97] – [0.45], p=0.22, I2=90.09%). BSSO and IVRO have similar results in terms of SNB and gonial angle relapse post-operatively and 1 year after surgery, MP angle 1 year after surgery and horizontal and vertical relapse, measured in reference to B point 1 year after surgery.
LARGE PERIOCULAR DEFECTS RECONSTRUCTION WITH AXIAL AND RANDOM PATTERN FLAPS. INDICATIONS, TECHNIQUE DESCRIPTION AND FOLLOW-UP ON OCCASION OF 4 CASES
Authors: Kanoutos Dimitrios , Koursoumi Rodopi , Doumas Stergios , Karasavvidou Foteini
Published: April 2022

​INTRODUCTION: Large periocular defects have always been a reconstructive challenge in terms of viability, cosmesis and functionality. Their vicinity with important anatomical structures makes reconstruction difficult to plan and the surgeon should take into account several alternatives. AIM: Our aim is the presentation of techniques performed on our department patients. Four intendedly different cases treated with respective flaps are documented preoperatively, postoperatively and in the follow-up period. MATERIAL – METHODS: 4 Patients (2 male and 2 female) with cutaneous malignancies concerning: the inner canthal ligament area (1), the nasal flank and lower eyelid (1) and the lower tarsal plate (2). 1 inferiorly based advancement nasolabial flap, 2 Mustardé flaps and 1 Tenzel flap were performed. The mean age of the patients was 85,75 y.o. (range from 77 to 96). RESULTS: All four patients had disease-free margins of excision and no recurrence at all. We avoided composite approaches with concern to their age and general condition. No complications were mentioned (including necrosis of the flap, wound dehiscence or infection). The esthetic result is judged fair (1 patient), good (1 patient), very good (2 patients). In the follow-up period, one patient presented mild epiphora and another mild corneal exposure. One patient being planned to undergo a differed correction postponed his treatment. CONCLUSION: Meticulously designed traditional flaps such as V-Y advancement flap, Mustardé flap and Tenzel flap can offer an acceptable outcome balanced between functionality and cosmetic result on the one hand and lessening complications on the other.
SUCCESSFUL PERIOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT OF HIGH-RISK ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED HEAD & NECK CANCER IN THE COVID ERA. OUR EXPERIENCE.
Authors: Koursoumi Rodopi , Doumas Stergios , Kalogritsas Nikolaos , Kanoutos Dimitrios , Dalouka Maria , Arnaoutoglou Eleni
Published: April 2022

INTRODUCTION: Elderly patients with advanced head and neck cancer undergoing major surgery are at high risk due to their co-morbidities and prolonged procedures. Thus, they often require admission in the ICU. PURPOSE: We herein describe the perioperative management of elderly patients, with significant comorbidities, surgically treated for stage II-IV head and neck cancer with a specialized anesthesia protocol in the COVID-19 era. MATERIAL - METHOD: In total, 11 consecutive patients (4 female, 7 male, mean age 74 years, ASA III-IV), with advanced cancer involving oral mucosa, salivary glands and metastatic skin cancer were treated in UHL between 3/2021 and 3/2022. Operation duration varied from 5 to 13 hours, as the extent of disease necessitated extirpation and reconstruction with free or regional flaps in most cases. Hence, an individualized and patient-centered approach was implemented, with the preanesthetic evaluation, the utilization of both an enhanced recovery (ERAS), specialized anesthesia protocol and the prompt postoperative care delivered by the anesthesia team. . RESULT: No intraoperative adverse events were reported. Admissions in ICU were obviated. One patient underwent neck exploration for bleeding control being treated with therapeutic doses of LMWH (grade IIIb Clavien-Dindo). One more patient required blood transfusion (grade II Clavien-Dindo). Donor site wound breakdown was recorded in 4 patients (grade IIIa Clavien-Dindo). Hospital length ranged from 5 to 14 days. 30-day mortality was 0%. CONCLUSION: Good rapport between involved teams along with the implementation of an individualized perioperative approach of this patient cohort resulted in an uneventful outcome amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
HAS THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC INFLUENCED THE NUMBER OF PATIENTS WITH CERVICOFACIAL INFECTIONS? A SINGLE CENTRE STUDY
Authors: Louizakis Alexandros , Antoniou Asterios , Tatsis Dimitris , Politis Solon , Grivas Theodoros , Paraskevopoulos Konstantinos , Kyrgidis Athanassios , Vahtsevanos Konstantinos
Published: April 2022

Objectives The aim of the present study was to assess whether the current COVID-19 pandemic affect the prevalence of patients with cervicofacial infections in a major tertiary hospital in Greece. Materials and Methods A retrospective comparative study was performed, assessing the hospitalization of patients with cervicofacial infections in a university-affiliated Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Patients were recorded in two periods, the COVID period, from March 2020 to February 2021, and the pre-COVID period, from March 2019 to February 2020. All patients admitted with any form of cervicofacial infection during these periods were included in the study. Results In total, 341 patients were recorded. Of those, 151 were admitted in the pre-COVID period and 190 in the COVID period (P=0,03). The mean age was 45.3 years in total. A slight male predominance was observed (54.7% males). Mean length of stay was 3.42 days in the COVID period, whereas it as 2.5 in the pre-COVID period. 23 patients had severe deep neck infections the COVID period, requiring admittance to the intensive care unit, compared to the 3 patients in the previous period (P<0,001). Conclusions The high surge of patients with cervicofacial infections with increased severity during the COVID period is merely attributed to the inability of these patients to attend primary care facilities and prevent the infections in an initial stage in order to minimize hospitalizations.
HAS THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AFFECTED THE PREVALENCE OF MAXILLOFACIAL FRACTURES? A SINGLE CENTRE STUDY
Authors: Politis Solon
Published: April 2022

Objectives The aim of the present study was to assess whether the current COVID-19 pandemic affect the prevalence of patients with maxillofacial fractures in a major tertiary hospital in Greece. Materials and Methods A retrospective comparative study was performed, assessing the hospitalization of patients with maxillofacial fractures in a university-affiliated Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Patients were recorded from March 2020 and for 18 months (COVID period). For comparative reasons, a similar period was set, starting from September 2018 to February 2020 (pre-COVID period). All patients admitted with any form of maxillofacial fracture during these periods were included in the study. Results 301 patients were included in the study, 158 in the pre-COVID period and 143 in the COVID period. The mean age was 37.8 years in total. A male predominance was observed (81.7% males). Most fractures concerned the mandible in both periods (61.4% and 53.1% respectively). Panfacial fractures were recorded in 8.2% in patients pre-COVID and 6.9% in patients post-COVID. Concomitant injuries were observed in 20.6% of patients pre-COVID and 8.3% post-COVID, and ICU hospitalization was recorded in 8.9% and 4.2% respectively. Delay in definitive treatment was recorded in 1.2% and 14% of patients respectively. Conclusions Despite the relative stability of the prevalence of patients with maxillofacial fractures, the severity of those seems lower in the pandemic period. Higher delays until definitive treatment were recorded, as expected by the reduction of available human and technical resources during the pandemic.
Review of Various Technology Automatic Dimming Control of LED Street Light
Authors: Shende *Arati
Published: April 2022

In present day, the maintenance of streetlight is one of the major problem for electricity boards in India. Also, there is scope for saving power during off peak time i.e. in from around midnight 12AM to 04AM in the morning. The methods that are currently used to maintain and control the street light is more complex and uneconomical. In this paper a new technique is proposed to control the intensity of LED Street lights using LDR, and to automate street lights using PIR sensors, and LDRs, resulting in power saving. Implementation is done using PIC controller. This paper presents a smart street lighting system which provides a safe night time environment for all road users and pedestrian. The main objectives are to build an automation system of street lighting using a low-cost microcontroller which is PIC and to achieve energy-saving. Light Emitting Diode (LED) is represented as the light module. This system is controlled according to the specific mode. These modes are controlled by two sensors which are Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) and Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor. This system can automatically turn on and off the lights according to traffic flow. This system operates during the night and the focus is only for the one-way road at a junction. Street light will be on when only there is road user otherwise, it will turn off. This design can save a great amount of electricity or energy consumption compared to conventional street lights that keep alight during nights. Moreover, the maintenance cost can be reduced and lifespan of the system will increase. As the result, the system has been successfully designed and implemented as a model system. Key Words: PIR, LDR, Streetlights, Power supply, microcontroller
Operating an Autonomous Vehicle via Raspberry Pi
Authors:   Keystone School of Engineering Pune, India, Maske Anmol
Published: April 2022

The Project pursuits to construct a monocular imaginative and prescient independent vehicle prototype the use of Raspberry Pi as a processing chip. A Pi camera is used to offer important real-time data from the actual global to the vehicle. The vehicle can attain the given destination competently and intelligently, as a result, heading off the chance of human errors. Many current algorithms like lane detection, object detection are blended to offer the significant to control the vehicle. This could prove out to be a boon with inside the car industry. It could assist lessen the attention required and pressure placed up at the mind, whilst additionally minimizing injuries because of careless or disobedient driving. Keywords— Autonomous Car, Raspberry Pi, Object Detection, Ultrasonic Sensor, IR Sensor
Stator winding fault detection of an Alternator using MATLAB
Authors:   KDKCE, K. Mude Er. Sandeep
Published: April 2022

The paper represents the comprehensive analysis of stator winding faults of an alternator. An alternator is main component of power system which plays a big role in whole system for security and stability. The conventional system only detect symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults, they will not detect inter turn fault. The fault detection of stator winding is an effective and important measure to ensure the safe operation of generator. Early detection of stator winding fault would eliminate damage to stator core & adjacent coils, also reduce repairing cost and outage time of generator. As stator winding fault causes unbalance in phase voltage, this concept is discussed in this paper for the detection of stator winding fault. The negative sequence voltage of generator is used as fault indicator for fault detection. This new method is done using MATLAB software. Also, this method operate for external as well as internal fault and helps the generator winding keep healthy. Keywords— stator winding fault, internal negative sequence voltage, internal and external faults.
Development of Solar Powered Electric Cycle
Authors:   Nagpur Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Upadhye Nikhil
Published: April 2022

Global warming and increasing fuel prices in India, taking these two problems in consideration, it is the step towards reducing the use of more fuel consuming vehicles and attract the eye of people towards its alternatives i.e. Solar bicycle. The main aim of this project is to present the idea of harnessing the various energy and use it in today’s existence of human life. Now-a-days there are so many vehicles on road, which consumes more fuel and also hazards our environment. A method of upgrades a conventional electric powered bicycle over to Solar-Powered Electrical Bicycle that is powered by an electric motor which gets its supply from photovoltaic (PV) panels. Key Words: Dynamo, Motor, Hub-motor, Travelling, Electric Bike, Electric Energy, Solar Panels, Fuel Economy etc.
MENCEGAH MEROSOTNYA INTEGRITAS PENYELENGGARA PEMILIHAN UMUM DENGAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER BANGSA
Authors: Ariyanto  , B Maasawet Ferdinand , Muslim H
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bermaksud  menunjukan bahwa salah satu  faktor utama  permasalahan merosotnya integritas  penyelenggara pemilu  disebabkan bahwa dalam  rekrutmen  tidak ada syarat yang mewajibkan penyelenggara pemilu  mengikuti pendidikan karakter bangsa. Penelitian  ini kemudian menyimpulkan bahwa  untuk mengatasi  merosotnya  integritasi  penyelenggara  pemilu, maka  perlu desain yang ideal  supaya sistem pendidikan dalam  menanamkan karakter bangsa bisa  terwujud dalam menjaring  para  penyelenggara pemilu.  Lembaga penegakan kode etik, merupakan  lembaga yang bisa diberikan kewenangan dalam  melaksanakan pendidikan penanaman nilai karakter bangsa,dengan begitu paling tidak hasil dari  proses pendidikan melahirkan  sosok-sosok  penyelenggara pemilu yang berintegritas
PENGGUNAAN SISTEM NOKEN DALAM PEMILIHAN UMUM DI PAPUA
Authors: Gani Najamuddin , Payzon Aituru Yulianus , Yeti Andrias Maria
Published: April 2022

Noken merupakan salah satu benda budaya orang Papua yang bukan sekedar merupakan sarana atau alat. Lebih dari itu, memiliki makna filosofi yang mengakar kuat dalam masyarakat Papua terutama yang mendiami wilayah pegunungan. Penggunaannya dalam sistem pemilihan umum (Pemilu) khususnya sebagai pengganti kotak suara, merupakan apresiasi terhadap nilai budaya dan kearifan lokal masyarakat. Secara historis penggunaan noken dalam pemilihan umum merupakan spontanitas masyarakat dalam pesta bakar batu dan belum diketahui siapa pencetusnya dan kapan dimulai. Dari aspek hukum (secara hirarki), belum diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan namun yang bisa digunakan sebagai dasar atau acuan, yaitu Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia Nomor: 47-48/PHPU.A-VII/2009 Tentang Hasil Pemilu Legislatif Kabupaten Yahukimo dan Putusan Nomor 1/PHPU.PRES-XII/2014 tentang Pemilu Presdien dan Wakil Presdien 2014. Di samping itu juga terdapat Keputusan Komisi Pemilihan Umum RI nomor: 810/PL.02.6-Kpt/06/KPU/IV/2019 Tentang Pedoman Pelaksanaan Pemungutan Suara Dengan Sistem Noken/Ikat Di Provinsi Papua Dalam Pemilihan Umum Tahun 2019. Penggunaan noken dalam Pemilu ini, peran kepala suku sangat sentral dalam menghimpun dan menyalurkan hak suara masyarakat. Oleh sebab itu, pendekatan legal formal mesti disandingkan dengan pendekatan kearifan local (local wisdom) sehigga tercipta kestabilan dalam penyelenggaraan Pemilu sebagai sarana kedaulatan rakyat.)
TESADÜF VE EFSANELERLE BİÇİMLENMİŞ DİYARBAKIR KALESİ
Authors: YAZ Arafat
Published: April 2022

Konumu, kaynakları, iklimi ve sahip olduğu potansiyeli nedeniyle Diyarbakır kenti insanlığın medeniyet kurma serüveninde önemli bir rol üstlenmiştir. Bu şehir, insanların yerleşik hayata geçip güçlü devletler kurmasıyla çevresindeki yerleşim yerlerine göre daha fazla ön plana çıkmıştır. Tarihi kayıtlarda çeşitli devirlerde büyük devletlerin bu kente sahip olmak için mücadele ettikleri anlaşılmaktadır. Diyarbakır kalesinin inşası, genişletilmesi, yükseltilmesi ve birçok medeniyet tarafından tahkim edilmesi şehri kaybetme endişesi ve şehre hâkim olma gayretinin bariz bir ifadesidir. Bu endişe ve gayretlerin yoğrulduğu hikâyenin sembolü olan kale, dünyadaki sayılı örneklerden birdir. Birçok araştırmaya konu olan ve halen gizemini koruyan bu kale, türünün nadir örneklerinden biri olmasına rağmen hak ettiği değeri görememiş ve ancak 2015 yılında Dünya Kültür Mirası Listesi’nde yerini almıştır. Bu çalışmamızda birçok medeniyete beşiklik etmiş olan Diyarbakır kalesinin şeklinin detayları ve kale hakkındaki efsaneleri üzerinde durulacaktır.
Effects of health literacy improvement program on self-care behaviors and health outcomes in older adults with type 2 diabetes and hypertension comorbidities
Authors:   Faculty of Public health, Mahidol University, Thailand, Kakahthum Pimnada , Lagampan Sunee ,   Faculty of Public health, Mahidol University, Thailand, Amnartsatsue Kwanjai ,   Faculty of Public health, Mahidol University, Thailand
Published: April 2022

Health literacy is a necessary factor affecting self-care behaviors. This randomized control trial research aimed to study the effects of a health literacy improvement program on self-care behaviors and health outcomes in older adult patients with diabetes and hypertension comorbidities. Older adults at a private primary care unit, Bangkok, Thailand; aged 60-69 years, who had been diagnosed with diabetes and hypertension, were selected by simple random sampling into experimental and control groups, of 30 people each. The experimental group received eight weeks of a health literacy improvement program. Group activities were held in three sessions at 4-week intervals. The control group received standard care only. Data were collected by using interview questionnaires at baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up. Research instrumentation included collected data on general characteristics and illness history. Health literacy, self-care behavior, healthy eating, physical activity, stress management, and medication adherence scales were also included. In addition, blood pressure and HbA1C were examined at baseline and follow-up. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, chi-square, Repeated Measures ANOVA, and Bonferroni post hoc test were used for data analysis. After the intervention and follow-up, the experimental group had the following mean scores: health literacy (ME.118.33±7.79, 123±4.90; MC 94.53±7.51; 94.17±5.86, p< .001), self-care behaviors in healthy eating (ME 49.10±3.14, 52.13±3.19; MC 43.70±2.83, 43.66±3.25, p< .001), physical activities (ME36.90±2.26, 38.53±2.56; MC 26.90±2.67,26.83±2.67, p<.001), stress management (ME26.83±1.89, 28.30±1.89; MC 21.33±2.00,21.60±2.09, p<.001), and medication adherence (ME34.60±2.47, 36.07±1.87; MC 27.40±2.64, 28.30±3.18, p< .001), all of which were significantly higher than the control group. Furthermore, HbA1C (Diff_ME -0.46±0.50; Diff_MC.0.06±0.45, p< .05) and systolic blood pressure (Diff_ME -9.70±9.29; Diff_MC. -1.26± 12.89, p< .05) were significantly lower than the control group.
Report on Panel #1 / Mapping European Populism: Populist Authoritarian Tendencies in Central and Eastern Europe, and Challenges to the EU ￼￼
Authors:   European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), Lordkipanidze Mariam , Albrecht Héloïse
Published: April 2022

This report is based on the first panel of ECPS’s monthly panel series called “Mapping European Populism” which was held online in Brussels on February 24, 2022. The panel brought together top-notch populism scholars who are experts on populist politics in CEE (Central and Eastern Europe) countries, namely Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Croatia and Serbia. As a by-product of this fruitful panel the report consists of brief summaries of the speeches delivered by the speakers.
Ciência e justiça: reflexões sobre o papel do poder judiciário na efetivação dos direitos fundamentais. estudos em homenagem ao desembargador Lourival Serejo
Authors:   Robison Tramontina, DOS SANTOS JOSEANE ,   José Jorge Figueiredo dos Anjos
Published: April 2022

Esta obra coletiva, intitulada “Ciência e Justiça: reflexões sobre o papel do Poder Judiciário na efetivação dos direitos fundamentais. Estudos em Homenagem ao Desembargador Lourival Serejo”, caracteriza-se pela diversidade temática e pela pluralidade de abordagens. Traz, como questões de fundo, temas relacionados à pesquisa no campo do Direito e às grandes questões relacionadas à atuação do Judiciário.
The Richness of English Language During Covid-19 Pandemic: Selected Words and Expressions That Can Be Taught to EFL Students at the Colleges of Health Science and Colleges of Nursing in KSA and Kuwait
Authors: Alrehaili Musaad , Al-Otaibi Maye A. , Al-Otaibi Abdullah M.
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 crisis has made the years 2020 and 2021 an unpolitical and spiritual crisis. It has affected virtually everybody in the world and introduced a new normal. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak, people have been hooked on consuming news media to follow the development of this unprecedented disease. Subsequently, a new language with vocabulary, expressions, and metaphors has appeared in various languages, including English and Arabic. Dictionaries have added new words in English and revised others; they are now fully integrated into our everyday vocabularies. COVID-19 has changed the English language in many ways: it has brought previously obscure medical words to the forefront of everyday speech, made terms related to social isolation more common, and witnessed a shift in meaning in other terms. As linguists, researchers, and teachers gradually return to their classrooms next term (Spring, 2022) we undertook this study to identify 57 English terms, expressions, and metaphors that emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic, either in English-speaking countries or Arabic-speaking countries where English is a first or second language. We deemed the new terminologies necessary for EFL learners in the Gulf Cooperation Countries (GCC) countries. It can serve the purpose of making a list of these words and expressions to be taught to our EFL students at colleges of nursing and health science in Kuwait or Saudi Arabia or any other equivalent colleges in the Arab World. The terms and expressions came from articles, magazines, and English and Arabic dictionaries published during the COVID-19 pandemic.