bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Pushover Analysis in Seismic Assessment of 50 years old Bridge
Authors: Mandić Ivanković Ana , Srbić Mladen , Skokandić Dominik , Friedl Petra
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the application of the nonlinear static pushover method in the seismic assessment of an existing 50-year-old bridge in Croatia. The paper describes the implementation procedure of the pushover method and its theoretical background. The conclusion on the seismic performance of the bridge is based on the differences between the results of the bridge design according to the old and the new regulations and on the comparison of the capacity curves with the current seismic demand according to the valid Eurocode.
Review of the Asset Management, Inspection and Rehabilitation Work Required to Maintain Two Suspension Bridges, Angus L. Macdonald and A. Murray MacKay, in Halifax, Nova Scotia (Canada)
Authors: Ferguson Aaron , Pérez Armiño Jorge , Betts Dillon , Chowdhury Ahsan
Published: January 2025

The Angus L. Macdonald Bridge, opened in 1955, and the A. Murray Mackay Bridge, opened in 1970, are two suspension bridges that connect the cities of Dartmouth and Halifax in Nova Scotia, Canada. The Macdonald Bridge is 1347 m long (441 m main span) while the MacKay Bridge is 1236 m (426 m main span). The bridges are owned, operated and maintained by the Halifax Dartmouth Bridge Commission, doing business as the Halifax Harbour Bridges (HHB), whose main mandate is to provide safe, efficient, and reliable transportation infrastructure over the Halifax Harbour. A continuous effort has been made over the last 20 years to protect and extend the service life of these two critical bridges which need to withstand the harsh environmental conditions of Halifax. This paper showcases the advantages of collaborative effort between the Owner and Consultant, and the need for rigorous infrastructure maintenance and investment programs for suspension bridges.
Inspection, Analysis, Diagnosis and Recommendations for Repairs for Two Suspension Bridges in the Patagonia Region of Chile
Authors: Pérez Armiño Jorge , Dyck Christopher R.
Published: January 2025

The "Senador Sergio Sepulveda" and "Exequiel Gonzalez" bridges are two suspension bridges located in Southern Chile. The bridges are situated on Route 7 that connects Puerto Aysén with Puerto Montt. During the COVID-19 pandemic, border restrictions forced an increase in truck traffic crossing these bridges. This change in traffic patterns placed additional vehicular stress on the structures, leading to fractures in the stiffening truss chords of one of the bridges. The Chilean Ministry of Public Works (MOP) responded by temporarily closing and later reopening the affected bridge after implementing emergency repairs. Once emergency repairs were completed to return the bridge safely to service, a forensic analysis was conducted to understand the root cause of the observed field issues. This paper discusses the inspection, testing, as well as structural analysis conducted and the recommended actions to prevent further structural problems and safely extend the bridges' service life.
Extending the service life of existing concrete bridges using improved assessment methods
Authors: Lantsoght Eva , Yang Yuguang , Hendriks Max
Published: January 2025

As the existing bridge stock is ageing in various parts of the world, the topic of how to assess, maintain and/or improve, and manage existing bridges becomes increasingly important. Existing bridges may be designed according to outdated codes with requirements that may be considered unsafe nowadays, and for loads that are significantly different than those used nowadays. For those bridges, an accurate assessment leads to more efficient management of the bridge stock. This paper outlines various strategies that lead to an improvement of the assessment, and potentially to the extension of the service life of existing concrete bridges. This paper provides a selected examples that engineers who are faced with the assessment of ageing bridge can use. Ultimately, the presented insights can serve to support countries with a younger bridge stock in the development of an assessment strategy.
The resilience of medical facilities during the Kahramanmaras Earthquake of February 6, 2023
Authors: Tapia-Hernández Edgar , Genes Mehmet Cemal
Published: January 2025

On February 6, 2023, a series of earthquakes hit southern and central Turkey and northern and western Syria, causing significant damage to buildings and resulting in many casualties. This study aims to assess the impact of this damage on the healthcare services provided by seven hospitals. The research is based on a post-earthquake inspection in the field, seven weeks after the earthquakes. The operational performance of the hospitals varied significantly, with some that were not seismically isolated experiencing total or partial collapse. The study includes government, private, and university hospitals, and aims to connect the damage in buildings, critical systems, and medical functionality with the seismic demands. The discussion includes interviews with the hospital managements and staff members to understand the critical decisions made and possible rehabilitation activities after the earthquake.
Loss of Hospital Functionality Following Major Earthquakes
Authors: Trifunovic Marija , Aviram Ady , Marín Eduardo , Zayas Victor
Published: January 2025

Despite significant advances in seismic-resistant design codes for fixed-based, ductile structures, the recurring disruption of medical services and loss of hospital functionality following major earthquake disasters, due to both structural and nonstructural damage, underline the need of implementing enhanced structure design criteria and cutting-edge technologies – with seismic isolation as the leading seismic protection strategy – to reliably achieve seismic resiliency of these essential facilities. A brief overview of past hospital failures during select earthquakes are thus presented herein, focusing on the criticality of acceleration- and drift-sensitive nonstructural components to support the set of recommended Continued Functionality design criteria specified in the Seismic Isolator Standard (SIS) targeting optimal performance of seismically isolated buildings, which far surpass the minimum Collapse Prevention or Life Safety goals.
Metodología para la conservación de puentes que permitan avanzar hacia estructuras resilientes
Authors: Ortiz Giannina , Rojas Gustavo , Paez Gerardo
Published: January 2025

Road infrastructure performance is of paramount importance in terms of competitiveness indices for any country, with bridges usually being one of the most vulnerable elements within the infrastructure network. In asset management cycles, bridge assessment methodologies have typically been limited to a damage exposure.

Investment in bridge-infrastructure normally depends on public investments, which usually address immediate damages but rarely emphasize in their causes. Therefore, interventions seldom linger over time.

On the other hand, the generation/selection of pre-defined indicators as a tool for decision making allow policymakers to execute actions based on facts.

Consequently, the proposed methodology considers the calculation of a BHI (health index) that considers the vulnerability of the structure (BCI) and the threats (SCI, HCI) that allow an analysis of the environment (hydrometeorological and seismic conditions), as well as a prioritization considering socioeconomic importance.

The use of these indicators derives into an initial recommendation of preservation activities.

Nonetheless, whenever an indicator falls into unacceptable or deficient classes, a root-cause analysis is required to identify the causes of the identified pathologies, which ultimately establishes interventions that allow for a reduction in the vulnerability of the pathologies. Finally, a comprehensive assessment and the application of mitigation measures, will translate into more resilient structure.
Real-Time Hybrid Simulation of Damped Transportation Structures
Authors: Agüero Barrantes Pablo , Christenson Richard
Published: January 2025

Support structures for traffic signs, luminaires, and traffic signals often rely on flexible elements with low damping. These elements are susceptible to wind-induced vibrations, leading to fatigue and potential failure, which can impact traffic flow and mobility. Current designs involve large structural components and connections, proving inefficient and costly for owners and managers. An economical solution is the use of passive dampers to reduce the size of these structural elements. However, testing such dampers faces limitations in both laboratory settings and open field-testing facilities. This paper presents the outcomes of applying Real-Time Hybrid Simulation to ancillary structures, incorporating a Stockbridge-type passive damper as a viable option for comprehensive testing. Noteworthy advantages include reduced installation effort and time, along with the capability to test a predetermined and broad range of structures.
Experimental Investigation of Water Loading for an Inclined Bridge due to Flood Overtopping
Authors: Taylor Zachary , Galler Joshua , Kelly Derek , Larose Guy , Browning Michelle , Kingsley Angela , Zoli Ted
Published: January 2025

The potential for bridges being overtopped due to flooding is increasing with climate change. Rather than increasing the elevation of bridges, it is becoming more common to design for the superstructure to withstand the hydrodynamic loads resulting from these overtopping scenarios. The current study employs both wind tunnel testing and water flume testing to provide an understanding of the water loading on the superstructure of a pedestrian bridge. The bridge spanning the potentially flooded channel is at a grade of approximately 5%. Therefore, the portion of the bridge that will be submerged varies with the flood level. Likewise, sectional force coefficients typically reported in the literature need to be adapted and validated to this three-dimensional water loading scenario.
A Simplified Approach to Accessing Earthquake-Induced Debris from Collapse of RC Frame Structures
Authors: Al-Amina  , Rana Md Sohel , Masuda Rana Md , Chandra Das Sumon , Sarder Al Amin
Published: January 2025

It is widely acknowledged that earthquakes can cause significant destruction to buildings, and there is typically a large amount of debris that may impede transportation and delay the arrival of assistance if the collapsed buildings were linked to road networks. This study evaluates the debris extent from the collapse of intermediate RC frame structures through numerical simulations. Three Intermediate RC structures are selected to find the potential debris extent around the original envelope. Twenty-three ground motion records are applied to investigate the different collapse patterns of the structures. The results show that the building may face four types of collapse: positive and negative aligned and skewed. Furthermore, a relation between debris extent and probability of exceedance based on the median and variance values has been proposed. This study is of great importance to create an interdisciplinary approach to assessing the earthquake resilience of a street network.
Hydro-structural Analysis: Assessing Flood Phenomena and Truss Structure Response
Authors: Gheibi Mohammad , Matos José C. , Sousa Hélder S.
Published: January 2025

Hydro-structural analysis may provide important information about the stability of truss systems under hydrostatic pressure, in particular of flood resistance. In order to model truss deformation and stress capacity, sensitivity analysis with different water pressure levels and Young's modulus of truss elements were carried out using an algorithm prepared in MATLAB. These evaluations assessed the structural safety of the formation. Furthermore, a conceptual model is put out to link the structure's alarm management system and thresholds with the intensity of rainfall and river water level, so improving the design decision to adjust to shifting environmental circumstances.
The Blue Ridge Parkway Bridges - Automation in Precast Segmental Design and Construction
Authors: Žitný Jan , Liu Ivan , Campbell Justin
Published: January 2025

The Blue Ridge Parkway in North Carolina has two precast segmental bridges, the Bridge over Hwy I-26 and the Laurel Fork River Bridge, that share design and construction aspects. They are defined by their complexity within their construction sequences, strict environmental protection requirements, and limited construction equipment access. The innovative use of automation in engineering production, specialized equipment, BIM technology, and unique temporary falsework were key elements in the project. In addition, project efficiencies and cost-saving measures between the two bridges have been beneficial for the project team and owner for submittal delivery. The project team was able to reuse and recycle various elements between projects accelerating engineering production to provide a great example of the natural benefits of segmental bridge construction for a project team.
Improvement of Al Shindagha Corridor with Infinity Arch
Authors: Komar Gernot , Shukla Peeyush , Gillespie Andrew
Published: January 2025

The Improvement of Al Shindagha Corridor in Dubai has captured regional and international attention for its exceptional design and construction, most notably the spectacular Infinity Arch lying at the heart of both the project and the city itself. The bridge's design features twin arches curving above the road deck, creating a visually stunning figure-eight shape which gives the bridge its name, evoking the symbol for infinity (00). Parsons’ comprehensive scope of work ranged from preliminary corridor study, through preliminary design, final design, tendering and finally construction supervision. The cast-in-place post-tensioned segmental box girder bridge with the Infinity Arch over the Dubai Creek was constructed using the balanced cantilever methodology and the 21 approach bridge frames were constructed using the precast segmental bridge technology, the best of both worlds of segmental construction were implemented for this project.
Research on the design and application of cable-stayed bridges in China
Authors: Yu Xiangmin , Zhang Wei , Song Yuanyin , Liu Jin , Chen Dewei
Published: January 2025

Cable-stayed bridges (CSBs) have undergone rapid development in China during the past five decades. A large number of world-class record-breaking CSBs have been built, and remarkable experience has been accumulated. In this paper, 776 CSBs from 1975 to 2022 in China are comprehensively investigated, and more than 15 fundamental factors are analyzed. Firstly, the general characteristics of CSBs in China are reviewed, including the bridge development, regional distribution, and general configuration. Subsequently, the four deck types and applications are compared and presented. Furthermore, typical pylon configurations are illustrated from the views of the structural shape and height. Lastly, the structural characteristics of parallel wire and strand cables are discussed, and the stay cable layouts of the CSBs are highlighted. This paper will provide a comprehensive and useful reference for the design and research work of more excellent and impressive CSBs worldwide.
Study on Steel-Shell Concrete Composite Section Bridge Tower Based on Solid Finite Element Analysis : A Case Study of The Guanyinsi Yangtze River Bridge
Authors: Weixin Yuan , Wei Gao , Wei Wang , Chunsong Gao , Chao Liu
Published: January 2025

Although steel-shell concrete composite section bridge towers are receiving increasing attention and favour in the construction of large bridges, there is still a lot of insufficient research on their construction and structural behaviour. address the research gaps in this field, this paper focuses on the study of Guanyinsi Yangtze River Bridge main tower, which has a height of 262 meters. The paper establishes a reasonable finite element model through solid finite element analysis software. Finite element analysis is performed using solid finite element modelling, considering its own weight and construction process, to analyse its structural behaviour under different possible construction plans. This study calculated the construction process static performance of the bridge tower, and determined the stress distribution and deformation mode of the bridge tower under load, thereby contributing to ensuring the safety and reliability of the bridge tower structure.
Nuevo Puente sobre el río Virilla en la Ruta Nacional 147 de Costa Rica. Proyecto y Construcción
Authors: Prieto Aguilera Francisco , Romo José , Torrico Javier , Rosas Juan Carlos , Carmona Antonio
Published: January 2025

El nuevo puente sobre el rio Virilla forma parte de la duplicación de la Ruta Nacional 147 de Costa Rica, conocida como Radial Lindora. Se trata de un puente pórtico con un tablero mixto y unas pilas metálicas formadas por dos fustes conectados transversalmente por unos arriostramientos excéntricos, o EBF por sus siglas en inglés. El puente proyectado responde a unos condicionantes constructivos muy importantes que se han tratado de emplear como una oportunidad para alcanzar la mejor solución de proyecto y proceso constructivo posibles. UNOPS ha actuado como gestor del proyecto y la obra, que ha finalizado en el plazo previsto y sin desviaciones de presupuesto significativas.
Analytical Study on Changes in Contact Pressure Distribution due to Expansion of Bulb Sleeve Annealing Range in Huck One-side Bolt Used in One-Side Construction
Authors: Lai JianPeng , Yamaguchi Takashi , Harada Atsushi , Kogishi Waki , Yoshioka Masazumi , Takada Shuji
Published: January 2025

One-sided bolts are typically used for bridge repair and reinforcement. Unlike regular high-strength hexagonal bolts, they lack a head washer, with the large bulb of the bulb sleeve serving as the bolt head after plastic deformation. The shape of the large bulb is crucial because it dominates the contact pressure between the surfaces of the connection members and affects the performance of joints using one-sided bolts. This study focused on the contact pressure transmitted to connection members through the deformation of a large bulb, with the annealing range of the bulb sleeve as a parameter. Results show that expanding the annealing range by approximately 1 mm increases the outer diameter of the large bulb by 0.2 mm, decreases the peak contact pressure by approximately 8 N/mm², and widens the distribution range of contact pressure between the surfaces on the connection members.
Italian Perspectives on Seismic Retrofitting: Unraveling the State of the Art in Building Isolation Techniques
Authors: Barone Stefano
Published: January 2025

The seismic retrofit of existing buildings stands as a proven and vital strategy in mitigating earthquake-induced damage. This method centers around the strategic integration of anti-seismic devices at the building's base to effectively decouple ground motion from the structure. Particularly crucial for existing structures, this retrofit strategy addresses the unique challenges posed by older buildings and ensures enhanced resilience against seismic events. These anti-seismic devices are characterized by their high vertical stiffness, substantial horizontal flexibility, and medium to high dissipative capacity. Italy is among the world's most advanced countries in the widespread implementation of seismic isolation in existing buildings. This article indeed describes recent applications of this technology in buildings with completely different purposes: from private condominiums to school buildings, from healthcare facilities to agricultural structures. Various types of anti-seismic devices (rubber and friction isolators) are presented with a particular focus on experimental response. Finally, the article offers detailed insights into the various construction activities necessary for installing these devices, particularly in the context of reinforced concrete and masonry structures.
Supplemental Damping of Rocking Systems Coupled with Pressurized Sand Dampers
Authors: Kalfas Konstantinos N. , Cao Liang , Ricles James M. , Makris Nicos
Published: January 2025

This study discusses the results of the seismic performance of a single-story cross-laminated timber (CLT) building with post-tensioned CLT rocking walls, coupled with pressurized sand dampers (PSD), using real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS). Firstly, the details of the building are presented, and then, the RTHS approach is introduced. The analytical substructure in the RTHS contains the numerical model of a self-centering (SC) post-tensioned CLT rocking wall (SC-CLT wall), while two physical PSDs form the experimental substructure. This is a collaborative study where the PSDs are designed and built at Southern Methodist University (SMU). The RTHS took placed in the NHERI Lehigh Experimental Facility. The RTHS results under various earthquake excitations are presented. The results obtained from the RTHS are compared with numerical simulation results of a conventional CLT shear wall and a SC-CLT wall without PSD. Results show that the PSD produces a significant reduction in the inter-story drift, offering supplemental damping to the system.
Eurocode 2nd Generation - The Future of Fatigue Design in Steel
Authors: Rauch Marion
Published: January 2025

The functionality of bridges and wind turbines is essential to ensure a sustainable and robust infrastructure as well as affordable and clean energy. The detailing and fatigue design are paramount for these structures and influence their service life significantly. In Europe, the fatigue verification of steel structures is based on the European design standard EN 1993-1-9. In 2012, the European Committee for Standardization assigned the Technical Committee 250 to develop the next generation of the Eurocode design standard series. The outcome of this process led to an updated structure and extension of the scope of the future part 1-9 of EN 1993. This evolution improves the clarity and the ease of use for the engineering practice as well as considers the latest developments, such as High Frequency Mechanical Impact treatment or hot dip galvanizing. These modifications promote a sustainable and economically efficient structural design of steel bridges and wind turbines.
Performance-based design of continuous concrete bridge accounting for life-cycle analysis and sustainability
Authors: Bairán Jesús-Miguel , Duarte Noemí , Navas Pablo
Published: January 2025

A performance-based design methodology is applied to a prestressed concrete continuous bridge with quantifiable assessment of life-cycle cost and CO2 emissions, accounting for durability, normal use and seismic risks. The reference structure was originally designed using traditional total- prestressed criteria. In this paper, the benefits of partially-prestressed concrete are investigated through a Life-Cycle Analysis of cost and environmental impact. In order to assess the durability deterioration risk, two different climate scenarios are investigated, representing the current situation and a plausible climate change worsening. The results of the Life-Cycle Analysis are compared in order to derive recommendations for practical applications of performance-based design for improved sustainability performance and conclusions are drawn.
Durability and sustainability in CSA S6:25 Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code – A unified service life design process to cover all structures and materials
Authors: Mermigas Konstantinos Kris
Published: January 2025

The 2025 version of CSA S6, Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code, builds on concepts introduced in S6:19. Section 2 provides a methodology and provisions for the designer to achieve a 75 years design service life, simply by following all steps of the code.

The service life design procedure is a significant addition which guides the designer to make appropriate decisions related to the structural system, structural details, materials, and protection systems. Firstly, the user defines the design service life, assigns macro-environment(s) to the structure, and classifies exposure zones for all components. Exposure zones are described qualitatively but some quantitative limits are provided. Secondly, the user assesses deterioration risk by examining all deterioration mechanisms applicable to each exposure zone and material. Finally, the user applies mitigation measures which are mapped to the deterioration mechanisms through exposure classes. Material-specific mitigation measures in the material sections are linked to exposures through a series of standard ‘roadmap’ tables. The design engineer is required to apply mitigative measures consisting of avoidance, deemed-to-satisfy approaches, or special analysis and testing (including probabilistic modeling) if allowed by the Owner. Intended for non-replaceable components with a design service life of 75 years in S6:25, the framework is scalable and can be extended to replaceable components and other design service life values in future editions. The procedure will minimize the risk of durability failures.
Use of digital data for rail infrastructure management
Authors: De Backer Hans , Outtier Amelie
Published: January 2025

Maintenance of train tracks and especially turnouts is of primordial importance to ensure the stability of the train and prevent derailment. Apart from safety considerations, the maintenance activities undertaken by Infrabel, the Belgian government-owned railway infrastructure company, incur significant costs. Balancing the frequency of maintenance is crucial, as excessive maintenance leads to unnecessary expenses. This paper focuses specifically on turnout maintenance rather than the entire track. Turnouts, characterized by rail discontinuities, result in increased wheel-rail contact forces compared to standard rails. Moreover, the deviating branches of switches introduce higher lateral forces. Consequently, maintenance in turnouts necessitates greater frequency than regular tracks.
Independent Checking of the Bataan-Cavite Interlink Bridge
Authors: Ferraz Ricardo , Venkatesha Vikas , Kite Steve , Hussain Naeem , Yip Sammy
Published: January 2025

The Bataan-Cavite Interlink Bridge (BCIB) is a 32-kilometre road link with a 26-kilometre sea-crossing of Manila Bay, Philippines. The BCIB comprises of land viaducts, marine viaducts, and two cable- stayed bridges with spans of 400 metres and 900 metres to cross the navigation channels. The location of the crossing exposes the structure to extreme conditions, including deep water, high seismicity, typhoons, and ship impact. Our team was responsible for the detailed environmental, economic and engineering feasibility study and is currently undertaking the independent checking of the detailed design. This paper describes the array of studies involved in the design checking works: wind, seismic, navigation, soil-structure interaction, and structural analysis and verification, and the parametrization of the workflow to adequately respond to the evolving design. In addition, it highlights significant aspects of the check such as seismic analysis and design, fatigue of orthotropic deck, wind response, caisson design and constructability.
Analysis of Settlement Ratio of Pile Group under Vertical Load Using FLAC3D
Authors: Cheng Jun , Zhang Hongyao , Yang Dong , Tu Yongming
Published: January 2025

Three-dimensional numerical models of a single pile-soil system and a bearing platform-pile-soil system were established using FLAC3D to analyze the settlement ratio of pile group (Rs) under vertical load. The main factors affecting Rs were discussed. The results indicate that, Rs decreases slightly with the increase of pile length-to-diameter ratio (L/d), and the rate of decrease becomes smaller and smaller. When L/d exceeds 50, Rs almost no longer changes, indicating that the influence of L/d on Rs is relatively small. Rs decreases rapidly with the increase of pile spacing-to-diameter ratio (Sa/d), while the rate of decrease slows down gradually. Rs increases rapidly with an increase in the number of piles (n). Sa/d and n are two important influential factors. Based on the analysis of various influencing factors, a calculation formula for Rs considering both Sa/d and n was proposed through data fitting, which can provide a reference for the calculation of settlement in pile foundations.
Regulatory Compliance and Implementation of Seismic Protection Technologies in Latin America
Authors: Mendez-Galindo Carlos , Rojas-Palacios Julio , Duran-Perez Abraham , Mendez-Galindo Alejandro , Mateus-Sanchez Carolina , Villa-Galindo Jonathan
Published: January 2025

This paper addresses the implementation of advanced seismic protection technologies, such as seismic isolators and viscous dampers, in critical infrastructures across Mexico and Latin America. Emphasis is placed on the importance of quality control and regulatory compliance to ensure the effectiveness of these technologies. Through case studies, we demonstrate how these solutions have successfully safeguarded buildings, hospitals, bridges, and other essential infrastructure, maintaining their operability during and after severe earthquakes. National and international standards, such as the Complementary Technical Standards for Seismic Design (NTC-Sismo) in Mexico, have been instrumental in ensuring that these devices meet the required performance standards. Rigorous certification tests and the importance of supervision during installation and maintenance of these seismic protection systems are also discussed.
Multi-Angle and Nonuniform Ground Motions on Cable-Stayed Bridges
Authors: Efthymiou Eleftheria , Camara Alfredo
Published: January 2025

The effect of the spatial variability of the ground motion (SVGM) on the seismic response of cable- stayed bridges is important, yet not entirely understood to date. This paper examines the effect of the SVGM on the seismic response of cable-stayed bridges with various pylon shapes and pylon– cable system configurations by means of the time delay of the ground motion at different supports, the loss of coherency of the seismic waves, and the incidence angle of the seismic waves. The aim of the study is to provide general conclusions that are applicable to a wide range of canonical cable- stayed bridges. The effect of the SVGM on the seismic response of cable-stayed bridges is found to vary depending on the pylon shape, cable-system configuration; and on the response quantity of interest. Finally, the earthquake incidence angle defines whether the SVGM is important for the seismic response of the cable-stayed bridges.
Resilience-based decision making for transportation infrastructure
Authors: Tanasić Nikola , Hajdin Rade
Published: January 2025

Transportation infrastructure is jeopardized by threats coming from natural hazards, which are likely to be more severe and frequent due to climate change. These threats need to be coped with the adequate measures, which are increasingly determined using a resilience-based approach. The resilience-based approach is similar to traditional risk-based approaches in asset management, which is broadened to consider a recovery phase after failure(s) in more detail. The topic has been treated both in research and practice, but so far the measure of resilience is not used as a core component in decision making. The paper deals with quantification of resilience and the potential for its application in practice of asset management. The main challenges are setting a value system and a system boundary in measuring benefit that comes from infrastructure. An example of resilience evaluation is given to present importance of development of decision support tools .
Performance of 8 Base-Isolated Hospitals During 06.02.2023 Earthquakes in Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye
Authors: Özçamur Uğurcan , Tanışer Sadun
Published: January 2025

On 06.02.2023 Pazarcik and Elbistan provinces of Kahramanmaras city in Turkey was hit by 2 massive earthquakes. In the close proximity of these events, there are 12 base-isolated hospitals, 8 of which have been designed and constructed with TDP double sliding surface curved surface sliders. 4 of the hospitals were under construction at various construction stage; while, other 4 was operational on 06.02.2023. Two separate site observations were made between 10.02.2023 and 19.02.2023 in all 8 hospitals and visual evaluations were made. During the visual observations in the hospitals both operational and under construction, structural and nonstructural behavior of superstructure and behavior of base isolation devices were inspected. Correct and incorrect applications of seismic gaps, infill walls, suspended ceilings; relationship between structural system and behavior of superstructure; maximum and residual displacements, torsional behavior, detailed visual inspection on sliding surfaces are some of the focuses of the observations made. All of the visual observations are summarized in this study. Then, performances of base isolation systems in all 8 hospital projects have been evaluated considering design properties of base isolation devices, results of prototype and production tests done for each specific project, DBE and MCE level design considerations of superstructures and nonlinear time history analyses performed using the actual reliable strong ground motion data published by Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (AFAD) during the weeks after earthquakes, as well as, simulated ground motions based on commonly used attenuation relationships. This study focuses on both visual observations and analytical evaluation of performance during 06.02.2023 earthquakes of all 8 hospitals. Structural models involved nonlinear multi degree of freedom systems with lumped- mass stick model incorporating idealized story mass and stiffness for each story of the highest building block of each project. OpenSees and SAP2000 are used during modeling and nonlinear analyses.
Design and Application of Internal Damping Device for Stay Cables
Authors: Zou Yiqing , Qin Lei , Huang Yongjiu , Huang Zhiquan , Sun Limin , Chen Lin
Published: January 2025

The internal damping device for stay cables not only effectively saves bridge deck space and enhances the overall aesthetics of bridges, but also plays a crucial role in controlling multi-mode vibrations in ultra-long cables. This paper presents the design of internal damping devices that can be integrated within the cable system, based on the principles and constructions of three different types of dampers. Through full-scale cable model experiments, the effectiveness of these devices in suppressing cable vibrations is validated. Finally, the practical application of these internal damping devices in actual cable-stayed bridge projects is discussed. The results demonstrate their excellent engineering feasibility and practicality, providing diverse solutions for vibration reduction in stay cables.
Data-driven design process and production of stress-optimized concrete girders with integrated tendons using 3D printing
Authors: Pfleger Marc-Patrick , Sam Nina , Radl Elisabeth , Vill Markus
Published: January 2025

This paper deals with the data-driven design and manufacturing process of stress-optimized concrete girders. Parametric design concepts are utilized to generate load-specific cross-section dimensions that can be varied along the longitudinal axis of a beam or girder. By integrating FEM- analysis into this process, each segment can be optimized with regards to its topology, including tendon guides that are integrated into the concrete structure. Beginning with an overview of the theoretical background of concrete 3D printing and the basics of its digital process chains, this text describes the manufacturing process of the components. Furthermore, the structural properties are compared with the predicted deflection and load-bearing behaviour. Concluding, the results are discussed in detail.
The New Johns Hopkins Student Center: Designing for Constructability
Authors: Brown Justin R. , Epp Lucas , Vinco da Sesso Pietro , Bachmann Jean-Baptiste
Published: January 2025

The Center, a truly one-of-a-kind structure, necessitated a modern approach to mass timber construction to ensure its success. Under a design-build approach, a circular feedback loop was established between design, manufacturing, and construction for the mass timber superstructure. Key design challenges included an extensive two-way cantilevered roof system integrally connected to the building envelope, a mixed and minimal lateral load-resisting system requiring connectivity and significant load transfer across multiple stepped roof planes, and an intricately coordinated MEP system hidden within chases between timber panels with acoustic treatment. This paper presents the structural and construction engineering design, supply, and fabrication services for the 29 stepped and interconnected roof planes and their supporting glulam post-and- beam structure, and showcases the benefits of a design-build approach to mass timber construction.
Study on the evolution of shear crack in concrete beams reinforced with grid reinforcement
Authors: Liu Chang , Xu Dong , Zhao Yu , Liang Bo
Published: January 2025

In this paper, the theoretical research on shear behaviour of concrete beams reinforced with orthogonal grid reinforcement is undertaken based on sectional analysis, focusing on the evolution of the shear crack inclination during the load process up to failure. Also, for concrete beams with shear reinforcement made out of either only vertical stirrups or only horizontal reinforcement, the evolution of the inclination of concrete strut and principal compressive stress in concrete strut were studied and the corresponding theoretical deduction governing this phenomenon was also revealed.
Developments in accelerated bridge construction in the United Kingdom – integrated design and construction
Authors: Armitage John , Robinson Philip , Chunge Musa
Published: January 2025

In recent years in the United Kingdom, there has been increasing use of Modern Methods of Construction for bridge and highway structures, including the development and use of offsite construction methodologies. These have facilitated faster construction programmes and reduced numbers of workers on site. However, such methodologies work best when developed from the start of the design process. This paper will consider the implications for bridge designers as such technologies develop, and how the use of digital design and configuration tools can assist in the implementation of improved construction methodologies. Increased digitalisation can also require a change in the mindset and workflows of designers, but has the potential to allow designers to spend more time on developing high quality built environments.
Validation of a novel mechanical model for geometrically and passively confined concrete
Authors: Proksch-Weilguni Clemens , Decker Marion , Kollegger Johann
Published: January 2025

Investigating the load-bearing characteristics of the joint region of precast concrete elements under compression is crucial for practical applications, such as in tunnel linings. The study introduces a novel mechanical model to predict the load-bearing capacity of load transfer zones with both geometric confinement caused by load distribution and passive confinement caused by transverse reinforcement. Two design approaches according to the current draft of the Eurocode 2 (EC2) and the novel mechanical model are used for a comparative validation based on experimental tests done at TU Wien and data from literature. The test data relies on centrically loaded test specimens with a simple geometry to exclude side effects which could influence the results regarding geometric and passive confinement. The comparative validation shows the good performance of the novel mechanical model and its advantages in comparison to the models according to the EC2-draft. Due to the mechanical basis, the novel mechanical model can be adapted for more complex geometries and reinforcement layouts for the design of tunnel segments.
Fatigue life improvement of welded cover-plates using High Frequency Mechanical Impact treatment
Authors: Al-Emrani Mohammad , Hedegård Joakim , Pétursson Hans
Published: January 2025

Structural rehabilitation of existing bridges and viaducts often depend by a knowledges of these. It is frequently possible to execute activities aimed at reaching new safety standards on existing structures. It is important to define a numerical model to examine them and to understand the details of connections. Working in the BIM environment with a detailed 3D model and rich functionality for easily capturing modifications could considerably reduce the planning effort. Evaluating the required retrofitting tasks in detail was an extraordinary challenge for the planning team and has required the extensive use of advanced BIM techniques to ensure a fast and high-quality planning process. This job explain what is the important role of the BIM techniques. The contribution explains in detail the applied retrofitting measures and how the work with a digital twin could improve the planning process.
Replacement of external post-tensioning in bridge structures – practical experience in cutting the highly stressed tendons
Authors: Wang Xiaomeng , Forget Olivier
Published: January 2025

Replacing deteriorated external post-tensioning (PT) systems helps to extend infrastructure life, thus saving the CO2 emissions associated with the construction of replacement structures. This paper presents experiences from two projects involving the de-tensioning of fully grouted external PT systems, providing valuable engineering insights. After difficulties were encountered on the first project while following internationally accepted guidelines for cutting a fully grouted external PT tendon, an alternative method was developed for the second project of the same kind which improved the feasibility for the conditions encountered, minimizing risks to the structure and to the personnel doing the work.
Reuse – Between Slogans and Facts
Authors: Tanner Peter , Bassetti Andrea , Meyer Daniel , Waeber Beat , Mäder Nico
Published: January 2025

Current construction practices are far from sustainable. Given the threats posed by climate change, the sector is required more than any other to reduce energy and material consumption quickly and massively, as well as greenhouse gas emissions. Against this backdrop, extending the service life and reusing existing structures or components is more important than ever to achieve sustainability goals. Surprisingly, there are still many reservations about reusing existing systems and stakeholders involved often lack knowledge on how to make rational decisions concerning their reliability. Based on the key differences between design and assessment, the paper briefly discusses the approaches available for this purpose and their treatment in codes. Some barriers to wider implementation of the more sophisticated of these approaches in practice are identified. They are illustrated using a case study of a design contest for the replacement of an existing bridge.
Comparative Analysis of the Tensioning Schemes of the Prestressed Concrete Wide Box Girder of Guanyinsi Changjiang River Bridge
Authors: Liu Chang , Liu Chao , Yuan Weixin , Gao Wei , Wang Wei
Published: January 2025

For the prestressed concrete side main beam of Guanyinsi Changjiang River Bridge, the finite element model (FEM) of the standard girder segment is established based on Midas FEA, a nonlinear finite element analysis software of civil structure. In this paper, two kinds of transverse tendons tensioning schemes are developed, and the forces of the segment under different schemes are compared. The results show that the tensioning sequence of transverse tendons directly affects the spatial distribution of stress and deformation of the segment in various construction stages. When the tendons of the top plate are first tensioned, the deformation of the segment used as the end formwork is small, which meets the precision requirement of the short-line method. In addition, to improve the safety of construction, it is necessary to tension longitudinal tendons to reduce the stress of the bottom plate.
Numerical analysis of Precast Concrete Segmental Bridge decks for High-Speed Railway lines with external and internal prestressing tendons
Authors: Cañada Pérez-Sala Javier , Ruiz-Teran Ana M.
Published: January 2025

Precast Concrete Segmental Bridges (PCSBs) tend to incorporate bonded internal prestressing tendons and unbonded external tendons. Each type of tendons has different characteristics regarding mechanical behaviour, durability, and ease of construction. In order to study the influence of combining the two types of tendons in PCSBs for high-speed railways, Finite Element models of a benchmark case with different proportions of internal and external prestressing tendons have been analysed. Static and dynamic load models representing the actions of high-speed trains circulating over the bridge have been implemented. The results of this research allow proposing new design recommendations regarding the combination of internal bonded and external prestressing tendons in PCSB decks for High-Speed railway lines.
Experimental Study on the Performance of Steel and Composite Plate Shear Walls Under Cyclic Behaviour
Authors: Curkovic Ivan , Skejic Davor , Košćak Janko , Lukačević Ivan
Published: January 2025

Shear walls are mainly used as lateral load-resisting systems in tall structures or in any other case of high seismic activity. When referring to predominantly steel structures either steel plate shear wall (SPSW) or composite steel-concrete shear wall (CPSW) systems can be considered. Both utilise thin steel plates within the frame structure. In SPSW, the load is primarily transferred through tension diagonal, whereas in CPSW, where plate is stiffened with one or more reinforced concrete slabs, the load transfer also occurs through the formation of additional compression diagonals. Therefore, the infill in CPSWs exerts lower transverse forces on the boundary elements, resulting in a higher load- bearing capacity and energy dissipation ability. However, this is not recognised within the codes. Hence, experimental investigations were carried out on SPSWs and CPSWs with different column cross-sections under cyclic loading. The obtained results are analysed and presented in detail.