bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating soil solarization and mustard seed meal as preplant treatments for weed control in annual hill plasticulture strawberry production
Authors: Aljawasim Baker D. , Johnson Charles , Manchester Mikel , Samtani Jayesh B.
Published: November 2024

Alternative strategies to fumigation are needed to manage weeds and improve strawberry fruit yield in annual hill plasticulture production systems. Field experiments were conducted in Blackstone, VA, for two consecutive growing seasons, 2013/14 and 2014/15, to assess the efficacy of 4 wk and 8 wk soil solarization (SS) and application of mustard seed meal (MSM) at 1,121 kg ha−1, alone and in combination, for weed control efficacy and crop yield estimation in this production system. These treatments were compared to the use of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) + chloropicrin (Pic) as a fumigation standard at 188 kg ha−1 and an untreated control (UTC). Over both growing seasons, compared to 1,3-D+ Pic, the SS-MSM-8wk and SS-8wk treatments provided equivalent or reduced cumulative weed count, including weed count of several dominant weed species such as annual ryegrass, speedwell, common chickweed, and cudweed. The SS-4wk and MSM-4wk treatments did not affect weed density compared with the UTC. The MSM-8 wk and 4-wk treatments reduced cumulative weed counts over that of the UTC. In the second growing season, the total yield was significantly higher after the 1,3-D + Pic fumigation treatment compared with yield after other treatments. The SS-4wk, MSM-4wk, and MSM-8wk treatments did not improve the total or marketable yield compared with the UTC. The marketable yield after the SS-MSM-8wk treatment was similar to that of the 1,3-D + Pic treatment. In conclusion, the SS-8wk and SS-MSM-8wk treatments may be effective weed management strategies for organic growers, small farms, or growers who cannot use chemical fumigants due to new regulations and potential risks to human health.
Depth Mapping in Turbid and Deep Waters Using AVIRIS‐NG Imagery: A Study in Wax Lake Delta, Louisiana, USA
Authors: Kwon Siyoon , Passalacqua Paola , Soloy Antoine , Jensen Daniel , Simard Marc
Published: November 2024

Remote sensing has been widely applied to investigate fluvial processes, but depth retrievals face significant constraints in deep and turbid conditions. This study evaluates the potential for depth retrievals under such challenging conditions using NASA's Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer‐Next Generation (AVIRIS‐NG) imagery. We employ interpretable machine learning to construct a hyperspectral regressor for water depth and explore the spectral characteristics of deep and turbid waters in Wax Lake Delta (WLD), Louisiana, USA. The reflectance spectra of WLD show minor effects from depth differences due to turbidity. Nevertheless, a Random Forest with Recursive Feature Elimination (RF‐RFE) effectively generalizes high and low turbidity cases in a single model, achieving a of . Moreover, this model shows a maximum detectable depth of approximately 30 m, outperforming other methods. A spectral analysis using Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) points out the importance of learning various spectral bands and non‐linear relationships between depth and reflectance. Specifically, the short blue and Near‐InfraRed (NIR) bands, with high attenuation coefficients, play a crucial role. This finding highlights attenuation as the key process for deep‐depth retrievals. The depth maps of WLD produced by this model accurately capture the spatial distribution of deep river and shallow delta regions. However, the high dependency on short blue and NIR bands leads to discontinuous areas due to the noise sensitivity of these bands. This result highlights a drawback of remote sensing using empirical models. Future research will focus on correcting such discontinuities by integrating data from multiple remote sensing sources.
Advancing Sustainable Groundwater Management With a Hydro‐Economic System Model: Investigations in the Harney Basin, Oregon
Authors: Jaeger W. K. , Antle J. , Gingerich S. B. , Bigelow D.
Published: November 2024

Groundwater resources frequently trend toward unsustainable levels because, absent effective institutions, individual water users generally act independently without considering the impacts on other users. Hydro‐economic models (HEMs) of human‐natural systems can play a positive role toward successful groundwater management by yielding valuable knowledge and insight. The current study explores how an HEM that captures essential physical and economic characteristics of a system can shed light on the system's processes and dynamics to benefit stakeholders, managers, and also researchers. These propositions are illustrated using the Harney Basin, Oregon, which has seen large groundwater declines in the past 20 years. The HEM shows that: (a) although current groundwater pumping rates will gradually raise costs and reduce well yields, irrigators gain the highest aggregate economic return by continuing current pumping; (b) lowland areas of the basin are hydrologically connected, which limits the efficacy of remedies focused on regulations only in some portions of the basin; (c) community expectations regarding the efficacy of several proposed solutions are overly optimistic; and (d) the study's scenarios identify interventions that would stabilize the groundwater system and prevent additional adverse impacts on residential and livestock wells and groundwater‐dependent ecosystems. These interventions would require limiting groundwater pumping by nearly half and reducing annual profits by $7.5–$9.0M. The HEM also demonstrated its value to researchers: its insights shifted attention toward questions about Oregon's existing groundwater institutions and their inability to adaptively manage the transition from abundant groundwater to scarce groundwater in a timely manner.
On the Contribution of Latitude‐Dependent ULF Waves to the Radial Transport of Off‐Equatorial Relativistic Electrons in the Radiation Belts
Authors: Sarris Theodore E. , Li Xinlin , Zhao Hong , Tu Weichao , Papadakis Kostis , Tourgaidis Stelios , Liu Wenlong , Yan Li , Rankin Robert , Xiang Zheng , Mei Yang , O’Brien Declan , Hogan Benjamin , Brennan David , Ergun Robert E. , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Baloukidis Dimitris , Pirnaris Panagiotis
Published: November 2024

Ultra‐low frequency (ULF) waves radially diffuse hundreds‐keV to few‐MeV electrons in the magnetosphere, as the range of drift frequencies of such electrons overlaps with the wave frequencies, leading to resonant interactions. Theoretically this process is described by analytic expressions of the resonant interactions between electrons and ULF wave modes in a background magnetic field. However, most expressions of the radial diffusion rates are derived for equatorially mirroring electrons and are based on estimates of the power of ULF waves that are obtained either from spacecraft close to the equatorial plane or from the ground but mapped to the equatorial plane. Based on recent statistical in situ observations, it was found that the wave power of magnetic fluctuations is significantly enhanced away from the magnetic equator. In this study, the distribution of the wave amplitudes as a function of magnetic latitude is compared against models simulating the natural modes of oscillation of magnetospheric field lines, with which they are found to be consistent. Energetic electrons are subsequently traced in 3D model fields that include a latitudinal dependence that is similar to measurements and to the natural modes of oscillation. Particle tracing simulations show a significant dependence of the radial transport of relativistic electrons on pitch angle, with off‐equatorial electrons experiencing considerably higher radial transport, as they interact with ULF wave fluctuations of higher amplitude than equatorial electrons. These findings point to the need for incorporating pitch‐angle‐dependent radial diffusion coefficients in global radiation belt models.
Seismic Response of Hectometer‐Scale Fracture Systems to Hydraulic Stimulation in the Bedretto Underground Laboratory, Switzerland
Authors: Obermann Anne , Rosskopf Martina , Durand Virginie , Plenkers Katrin , Bröker Kai , Rinaldi Antonio Pio , Gholizadeh Doonechaly Nima , Gischig Valentin , Zappone Alba , Amann Florian , Cocco Massimo , Hertrich Marian , Jalali Mohammadreza , Junker Jonas Simon , Kästli Philipp , Ma Xiaodong , Maurer Hansruedi , Meier Men‐Andrin , Schwarz Miriam , Selvadurai Paul , Villiger Linus , Wiemer Stefan , Dal Zilio Luca , Giardini Domenico
Published: November 2024

We performed a series of hydraulic stimulations at 1.1 km depth in the Bedretto underground laboratory, Switzerland, as part of an overall research strategy attempting to understand induced seismicity on different scales. Using an ultra‐high frequency seismic network we detect seismic events as small as Mw < −4, revealing intricate details of a complex fracture network extending over 100 m from the injection sites. Here, we outline the experimental approach and present seismic catalogs as well as a comparative analysis of event number per injection, magnitudes, b‐values, seismogenic index and reactivation pressures. In our first‐order seismicity analysis, we could make the following observations: The rock volume impacted by the stimulations in different intervals differs significantly with a lateral extent from a few meters to more than 150 m. In most intervals multiple fractures were reactivated. The seismicity typically propagates upwards toward shallower depth on parallel oriented planes that are consistent with the stress field and seem to a large extent associated with preexisting open fractures. This experiment confirms the diversity in seismic behavior independent from the injection protocol. The overall seismicity patterns demonstrate that multi‐stage stimulations using zonal isolation allow developing an extended fracture network in a 3D rock volume, which is necessary for enhanced geothermal systems. Our stimulations covering two orders of magnitude in terms of injected volume will give insights into upscaling of induced seismicity from underground laboratory scale to field scale.
Recent Freshening of the Subpolar North Atlantic Increased the Transport of Lighter Waters of the Irminger Current From 2014 to 2022
Authors: Fried Nora , Biló Tiago C. , Johns William E. , Katsman Caroline A. , Fogaren Kristen E. , Yoder Meg , Palevsky Hilary I. , Straneo Fiammetta , de Jong M. Femke
Published: November 2024

Starting in 2012, the eastern subpolar North Atlantic experienced the strongest surface freshening in the past 120 years. It is yet unknown whether this salinity anomaly propagated downward into the water column and affected the properties of the boundary currents of the subpolar gyre, which could slow down the overturning. Here, we investigate the imprint of this salinity anomaly on the warm and saline Irminger Current (IC) in the decade thereafter. Using daily mooring data from the IC covering the period 2014–2022 combined with hydrographic sections across the adjacent basins from 1990, the evolving signal of the salinity anomaly over the water column and its imprint on the transport variability is studied. We find that due to the salinity anomaly, the northward freshwater transport of the IC increased by 10 mSv in summer 2016 compared to summer 2015. In 2018, the salinity anomaly covered the water column down to 1,500 m depth. Hydrographic sections across the basin showed that this recent freshening signal spread across the Irminger Sea. Overall, the freshwater transport of the IC increased by a factor of three between 2014–2015 and 2021–2022. The associated density decrease over the upper 1,500 m of the water column resulted in an increase in the northward transport of waters lighter than σ0 = 27.55 kg m−3 from 1.7 to 4.2 Sv. This change in northward IC transport by density class may impact the characteristics of the overturning in the Northeastern Atlantic, its strength and the density at which it peaks.
Comparative Analysis of TPA‐LSTM and Transformer Models for Forecasting GEO Radiation Belt Electron Fluxes
Authors: Tan Mengli , Si Xu , Teng Shangchun , Wu Xinming , Tao Xin
Published: November 2024

The geosynchronous orbit (GEO) is a region filled with energetic electrons and it hosts hundreds of satellites. Electron fluxes at GEO can change sharply within hours, making high‐time‐resolution prediction crucial. In this study, we develop and compare two neural networks for persistent high‐time‐resolution prediction: long short‐term memory with temporal pattern attention (TPA‐LSTM) and Transformer. Unlike most previous models, which only output electron fluxes, our models output the same parameters as the inputs, including magnetic local time, solar wind speed, solar wind dynamic pressure, AE, Kp, Dst, the north‐south component of the interplanetary magnetic field, and electron flux data from GOES‐15. The models are trained on approximately six years of data (2012–2016) and validated using about one year of data (2017–2018). We compare the TPA‐LSTM and Transformer models using 0.8 MeV electron fluxes and find that while the Transformer model performs slightly better, the difference is not statistically significant. Considering the Transformer's higher computational cost, we use the TPA‐LSTM model to develop prediction models for electron fluxes of 275, 475, 0.8 MeV, and 2 MeV with a 5‐min resolution at GEO, up to 3 days. The prediction efficiencies (PE) for 275, 475, 0.8 and 2 MeV electron fluxes based on about one year of test data (2018–2019) are 0.799, 0.831, 0.849, 0.881 (1‐day prediction); and 0.551, 0.618, 0.663 and 0.710 (3‐day prediction), respectively. Our high‐time‐resolution persistent models should be useful for both protecting satellites at GEO and serving as boundary conditions for physics‐based radiation belt models.
Comparative metabolic profiling and quantitative analysis of metabolites in different tissues of Ajuga turkestanica by ESI-UHPLC-QqTOF-MS and NMR
Authors: Mamadalieva Nilufar Z. , Šoral Michal , Kysil Elana , Stark Pauline , Frolov Andrej , Wessjohann Ludger A.
Published: November 2024

Ajuga turkestanica preparations are used as anti-aging cosmeceuticals and for medicinal purposes. Herein we describe the characterization and quantification of its metabolites in different organs using UHPLC-MS and NMR spectroscopy. A total of 51 compounds belonging to various phytochemical classes (11 flavonoids, 10 ecdysteroids, 9 diterpenes, 6 fatty acids, 5 iridoids, 3 phenylpropanoids, 3 sugars, 2 phenolics, 1 coumarin, 1 triterpene) were annotated and tentatively identified by UHPLC-ESI-QqTOF-MS/MS of methanolic extracts obtained separately from the organs. 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy independently confirmed the identity of six major compounds. The abundances of these main constituents in flowers, fruits, leaves, roots, seeds, and stems were compared and quantified using 1H NMR. The results showed that 8-O-acetylharpagide, 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysterone) and ajugachin B were the most abundant constituents in the species. The two major compounds, 8-O-acetylharpagide and 20-hydroxyecdysone, were chosen as the markers for the quality assessment of A. turkestanica material. The methanolic extract of the aerial parts of A. turkestanica showed no noteworthy anthelmintic (antihelmintic), antifungal, or cytotoxic effect in in vitro assays.
Fermatean fuzzy score function and distance measure based group decision making framework for household waste recycling plant location selection
Authors: Mishra Arunodaya Raj , Rani Pratibha , Saeidi Parvaneh , Deveci Muhammet , Alrasheedi Adel Fahad
Published: November 2024

The household waste (HW) disposal and recycling have become a significant challenge due to increasing quantities of generated household wastes and increased levels of urbanization. Selecting locations/sites for building new HW recycling plant comprises numerous sustainability dimensions, thus, this work aims to develop new decision-making model for evaluating and prioritizing the HW recycling plant locations. This paper is categorized into three phases. First, we propose new improved score function to compare the Fermatean fuzzy numbers. Moreover, an example is presented to validate the effectiveness of proposed score function over the extant ones. Second, we introduce new distance measure to estimate the discrimination degree between Fermatean fuzzy sets (FFSs) and further discuss its advantages over the prior developed Fermatean fuzzy distance measures. Third, we introduce an integrated methodology by combining the method with the removal effects of criteria (MEREC), the stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) and the measurement alternatives and the ranking according to compromise solution (MARCOS) approaches with Fermatean fuzzy (FF) information, and named as the “FF-MEREC-SWARA-MARCOS” framework. In this method, the FF-distance measure is used to find the weights of involved decision-making experts. Moreover, an integrated criteria weighting method is presented with the combination of MEREC and SWARA models under the context of FFSs, while the combined FF-MEREC-SWARA-MARCOS model is applied to evaluate and prioritize the locations for HW recycling plant development, which illustrates its feasibility of the developed framework. Comparative study and sensitivity assessment are conducted to validate the obtained outcomes. This work provides a hybrid decision analysis approach, which marks a significant impact to the HW recycling plant location selection process with uncertain information.
Optimization of heat transfer in a double lid-driven cavity with isoperimetric heated blocks using GFEM
Authors: Refaie Ali Ahmed , Mahmood Rashid , Ishfaq Maria , Rehman Nusrat , Majeed Afraz Hussain
Published: November 2024

This article is concerned with the examination of flow dynamics and heat transfer characteristics in a 1:4 double lid driven cavity in presence of isoperimetric heated blocks of various shapes. The focus is to identify the optimal shape that enhances the heat transfer in a tall cavity. The parametric settings are chosen in such a way that all the convection regimes including natural, forced and mixed convection could be generated. This cavity has lids positioned at the top and bottom, moving in opposite directions along the x-axis. The physical system is represented as a set of coupled partial differential equations incorporating the rheological properties of the power-law fluids (PL). The governing equations in conjunction with various non-dimensional physical parameters are simulated via Galerkin’s Finite Element Method (GFEM) on a very fine hybrid grid. The study includes the computation of the Kinetic Energy and Average Nusselt number to determine the optimal shape. It is concluded that the circular block is superior to the other two in terms of heat transmission efficiency.
Surface Modification Techniques for Enhancing the Functionality of Biomaterials in the Medical Field
Authors: Talele Chitrali , Talele Dipali , Aundhia Chintan , Shah Niyati , Kumari Mamta , Sadhu Piyushkumar
Published: November 2024

Implantation of biomaterials into the human body is important for biological applications and the medical field. The issues in this field that require immediate attention are extending the lifespan of biomaterial implants, decreasing the body’s rejection response, and lowering the risk of infection. The surface of biomaterials can be modified to alter their initial chemical, biological, and physical characteristics while also enhancing the functionality of biomaterials. The practical implications of methods for the modification of surfaces in various biomaterial fields that have been reported in the last few years are the main focus of this chapter. Film and coating production, covalent transplantation, self-assembled monolayers, and plasma surface alteration are examples of surface modification techniques. First, these methods of surface modification for biomaterials are briefly introduced. A brief summary of these biomaterial surface modification methods is discussed and then the focus shifts to how these methods alter the characteristics of biomaterials, assessing the impact of alterations on cell compatibility, antibacterial properties, antifouling properties, and surface hydrophobic characteristics. The consequences of the development of biomaterials for various purposes are also addressed in this chapter.
Recent Advances in Biocompatible Coating Materials for Enhanced Medical Applications
Authors: Mondal Sudip , Truong Thi Thuy , Doan Vu Hoang Minh , Choi Jaeyeop , Lee Byeongil , Oh Junghwan
Published: November 2024

Recent advancements in biocompatible coating materials have revolutionized modern medical applications, offering enhanced functionalities and improved bio-integration for medical devices and implants. This study focuses on the latest innovations in this field, exploring different types of biocompatible coatings, including polymer-based, inorganic, and hybrid materials. These coatings demonstrate remarkable properties, ensuring biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and tailored functionalities crucial for various medical applications. Furthermore, the abstract highlights the pivotal role of these coatings in enhancing cardiovascular devices, orthopedic implants, drug delivery systems, and other medical instruments. It discusses cutting-edge fabrication techniques, surface modifications, and characterization methods contributing to the development of these coatings. Additionally, the abstract addresses challenges, such as long-term stability, toxicity, antimicrobial properties, and regulatory compliance, while highlighting future directions, including nanotechnology, smart coatings, and personalized solutions. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in biocompatible coating materials, emphasizing their crucial role in advancing medical technology and patient care.
Electrospinning of Biocompatible Nanofibres for Medical Coatings: Techniques and Applications
Authors: Yingngam B. , Suksumrit K. , Proykratok N. , Hamwong T. , Sutthikiri R. , Sapanyu V.
Published: November 2024

The development of biocompatible nanofibres through electrospinning is a promising method for engineers in the biomedical field. The existing coating technologies in the medical field have various limitations, and more investigations are needed to improve their biocompatibility, controlled release properties, and mechanical strength. Designing new materials that can interact efficiently with biological systems and offer numerous functional advantages is a major challenge in medical device manufacturing and tissue engineering. This chapter reviews the electrospinning approaches used to create biocompatible nanofibres, including their design, fabrication and functionalization. The applications of these nanofibres in medical coatings are also reviewed. Furthermore, we discuss various electrospinning methods, the materials used, and the key parameters that impact fibre morphology and physiochemical properties. Moreover, the incorporation of bioactive elements and drugs into nanofibres for therapeutic applications is also explored. The electrospinning of biologically friendly nanofibres can be an effective approach for improving medical coatings. Such coatings can enhance properties such as drug delivery, tissue regeneration, and implant integration, offering enormous potential for improving patient welfare. Future research areas include investigating the use of more advanced electrospinning procedures for enhanced control over nanofibre composition and design fabrication.
Biocompatible Coatings on Implants
Authors: Pesode Pralhad , Polshettiwar Satish , Barve Shivprakash , Wankhede Sagar
Published: November 2024

Biomaterials come in numerous types, including composite, metallic, ceramic, and polymeric materials. For the creation of different implants, screws, and plates, metallic biomaterials are utilised. Crucial metallic biomaterials include zinc, titanium, magnesium, Cr–Co alloys, stainless steel, and magnesium metal. Most of the abovementioned biomaterials have excellent properties; nevertheless, for long-term therapeutic use, they are unsuitable as they are bio-inert and unable to form a direct link with living bone soon after being inserted into a human being. There is a need for a biocompatible coating on these implants because most of the metallic biomaterials discussed above lack biocompatible properties. These materials must have their surfaces modified to fulfil clinical requirements since they play a significant role in responding to artificial devices in a biological context. Using the right surface modification techniques, biomaterials may be selectively enhanced while maintaining their desirable bulk qualities, such as biological properties and corrosion resistance. Their application in the biological sector is expanded by the appropriate surface treatment. Designing biomaterials for implants requires careful consideration of biocompatibility properties. The surface chemistry, porosity, roughness, feature, and crystallinity are the main surface quality factors that influence biocompatibility. It was observed that the biocompatible coating can increase the biocompatibility of biomaterials. Numerous methods, including sol–gel, magnetic sputtering, physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, and micro-arc oxidation, can enhance the biocompatibility of metallic implants. Through the observation of cell behaviors such as differentiation, proliferation, and viability, biocompatibility may be evaluated in vitro. In the context of biomedical engineering, this book chapter examines various surface modification approaches for biocompatible coatings, such as mechanical, chemical and electrochemical treatments, thermal spraying, sol–gel, and ion implantation. Based on data from the literature, this book chapter critically examines how surface quality affects the biocompatibility of biomaterials. This study illustrates the beneficial effects of different surface modification approaches, as recommended by several research groups.
Biocompatible Coatings for Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Bagade Om M. , Doke-Bagade Priyanka E. , Kulkarni Shrikaant
Published: November 2024

The rapid advancement in pharmaceutical research has fueled the development of novel drug formulations and delivery systems to enhance therapeutic outcomes. Biocompatible coatings play a pivotal role in pharmaceuticals, offering a versatile platform to address challenges associated with drug stability, bioavailability, and patient compliance. This chapter systematically examines the current state of biocompatible coatings for pharmaceutical applications, focusing on their role in drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, nanotechnology has played a pivotal role in enhancing the performance of biocompatible coatings. The chapter begins by providing an overview of the key challenges in traditional drug formulations, emphasizing the need for innovative strategies to overcome limitations such as poor solubility, stability, and controlled release. Subsequently, it delves into various types of biocompatible coatings, including polymeric, lipid-based, and nanoparticle coatings, highlighting their unique properties and applications in drug delivery. Special attention is given to the mechanisms underlying enhanced drug delivery enabled by biocompatible coatings. This encompasses improved drug solubility, protection against enzymatic degradation, sustained release kinetics, and targeted delivery to specific tissues or cells. Case studies are presented to illustrate successful applications of biocompatible coatings in enhancing the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of diverse therapeutic agents. Furthermore, the review explores the biocompatibility and safety aspects of these coatings, addressing concerns related to cytotoxicity, immunogenicity, and long-term effects. The regulatory landscape for biocompatible coatings in pharmaceuticals is also discussed, providing insights into the approval process and current guidelines. The current knowledge of biocompatible coatings for pharmaceuticals provides a comprehensive understanding of their applications, mechanisms, and safety considerations. The insights presented herein contribute to the ongoing efforts to design innovative drug delivery systems that optimize therapeutic efficacy while ensuring patient safety.
Biocompatible Coatings for Medical Applications
Authors: Mallick Rajdeep , Saha Soham , Datta Devanshi , Pal Susanket , Roy Subhasis
Published: November 2024

Biocompatible coatings have become increasingly pivotal across various industries, particularly in biomedical fields, due to their ability to minimize inflammation, deter bacterial adhesion, and foster tissue integration. They offer a protective and compatible barrier, enhancing the safety and efficacy of medical procedures, especially in addressing complex cases. As demand rises for implantable medical devices and drug delivery systems, polymer matrices featuring copolymers, blends, ceramics, and nanocomposites with antiproliferative drug components are gaining prominence for seamless integration into the body. Amid the global surge in medical implants, biocompatible coatings present vast opportunities for exploration, aiming to mitigate issues like infection, blood clots, and tissue integration linked to drug toxicity and blood-contacting implants. This chapter encompasses the current state of biocompatible coatings in medical devices, spanning orthopedic, cardiovascular, dental, ophthalmic, and diagnostic applications, along with their constraints and future prospects. It delves into surface modifications, both physical and chemical, with a biomimetic focus, addressing hurdles and cutting-edge technologies in developing biocompatible materials. Through organized presentation, this article aims to streamline ongoing research and bolster innovation toward enhanced patient satisfaction in medical applications.
Iridium-catalyzed highly enantioselective and chemodivergent coupling reaction of vinyl azides and vinyl benzoxazinones
Authors: Gan Deli , Zhao Sumei , Yang Min , Xu Minghui , Chen Bin , Ni Hai-Liang , Yu Wenhao , Wang Bi-Qin , Hu Ping , Cao Peng
Published: November 2024

An iridium-catalyzed enantioselective coupling reaction of vinyl azides and vinyl benzoxazinones provided access to a new class of enantioenriched N-heterocycles, 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-imines.
Additive engineered SnO2-based electron transport layer for the robust and high-efficiency large-scale perovskite solar cell
Authors: Kim Byeong Jo , Seo Gabseok , Park Sua , Lee Donghyeon , Luo Yanqi , Wieghold Sarah , Kim Min-cheol , Boschloo Gerrit
Published: November 2024

Potassium fluoride (KF) incorporation to an SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) colloidal dispersion for an electron transport layer of enhanced performance and stability for a perovskite solar cell with improved uniformity of the deposited SnO2 layer.
Interface energies of Ga2O3 phases with the sapphire substrate and the phase-locked epitaxy of metastable structures explained
Authors: Bertoni Ilaria , Ugolotti Aldo , Scalise Emilio , Bergamaschini Roberto , Miglio Leo
Published: November 2024

Ga2O3/Al2O3 interface energy calculations reveal that the α phase is preferred, explaining the phase-locking epitaxy.
Learning spatial‐frequency interaction for generalizable deepfake detection
Authors: Zhai Tianbo , Lu Kaiyin , Li Jiajun , Wang Yukai , Zhang Wenjie , Yu Peipeng , Xia Zhihua
Published: November 2024

In recent years, face forgery detection has gained significant attention, resulting in considerable advancements. However, most existing methods rely on CNNs to extract artefacts from the spatial domain, overlooking the pervasive frequency‐domain artefacts present in deepfake content, which poses challenges in achieving robust and generalized detection. To address these issues, we propose the dual‐stream frequency—spatial fusion network is proposed for deepfake detection. The dual‐stream frequency‐spatial fusion network consists of three components: the spatial forgery feature extraction module, the frequency forgery feature extraction module, and the spatial–frequency feature fusion module. The spatial forgery feature extraction module employs spatial‐channel attention to extract spatial domain features, targeting artefacts in the spatial domain. The frequency forgery feature extraction module leverages the focused linear attention to detect frequency domain anomalies in internal regions, enabling the identification of generated content. The spatial–frequency feature fusion module then fuses forgery features extracted from both the spatial and frequency domains, facilitating accurate detection of splicing artefacts and internally generated forgeries. This approach enhances the model's ability to more accurately capture forgery characteristics. Extensive experiments on several widely‐used benchmarks demonstrate that our carefully designed network exhibits superior generalization and robustness, significantly improving deepfake detection performance.
Conv‐ELSTM: An ensemble deep learning approach for predicting short‐term wind power
Authors: Wang Guibin , Huang Xinlong , Li Yiqun , Wang Hong , Zhang Xian , Qiu Jing
Published: November 2024

Accurate and reliable forecasting of wind power is essential for the stable integration of wind energy into the electrical grid. However, the chaotic nature of wind power presents a significant challenge in utilizing data for effective short‐term forecasting, such as 60‐min predictions. This article introduces a hybrid data‐driven framework that employs an ensemble deep learning model to provide highly precise short‐term wind power predictions. The framework leverages a data‐driven approach to identify the intrinsic components of wind power data, including high‐frequency and low‐frequency components. A convolutional layer‐based feature fusion network is then established to properly extract important information from irrelevant wind energy features. Subsequently, an ensemble of long short‐term memory (LSTM) networks is developed to forecast wind power using the fused features, thereby mitigating the disadvantage of a single prediction model. The numerical experiment is carried out based on two different real‐life datasets. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in forecasting short‐term wind power compared to five benchmarks.
Physiological response to excessive doses of indolyl-3-butyric acid and its potassium salt in stimulating the rooting of semi-woody cuttings of coniferous crops
Authors: Borovkov V.V. , Demchenko G.A.
Published: November 2024

The study of root formation stimulation in cuttings of coniferous crops is often accompanied by a decrease in survival rate with an increase in the content of indolyl-3-butyric acid or its potassium salt in the regulator above a certain value. In contrast to cases of hormone deficiency in the stimulant, when cuttings remain alive, but root formation does not occur or a callus is formed, with excessive concentrations, the death of cuttings is observed. Under the conditions of film cutting tunnels equipped with substrate heating, observations were made on the condition of cuttings of coniferous crops in variants with an increasing concentration of exogenous auxin, leading to a decrease in survival rate. It is shown that in such variants, the appearance of cuttings with a “rotten base” is observed, which are a transitional form between healthy well-rooted cuttings and completely dead ones.
Assessment of the development of erosion processes using the stereophotogrammetric method
Authors: Inysheva V.A. , Gusev A.S. , Bronitskaya S.A. , Khomyakova M.A. , Belichev A.A.
Published: November 2024

Soil is the most important resource on earth, the need for its rational use is fixed in many regulatory and legal sources of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to control the use of land resources, prevent pollution and soil degradation; for these purposes there are measures carried out to monitor the state of the soil cover. All these actions allow for a more rational allocation of funds from the use of land resources, as well as ensure the safety and compliance with environmental standards for the protection of land resources and the environment [2]. This article considers the issue of using three-dimensional models to assess the development of erosion processes on lands suitable for agricultural use, which are a strategic resource. The study of the erosion hazard of lands is of great importance in the modern world, where there is an active change in the natural environment under the influence of human activity. Soil erosion is a serious problem that can lead to the loss of land fertile layer, lower yields, and increased risk of natural disasters. In this regard, the assessment of land erosion hazard is an urgent task that requires an integrated approach and the use of modern methods and technologies [1].
Agro-ecological monitoring of the territory of the Chelyabinsk agriculture research institute
Authors: Ottinger D.M. , Gusev A.S. , Inysheva V.A. , Lopukhov P.M. , Anisimov Yu.B.
Published: November 2024

Agroecological monitoring of lands is an important tool in regulating the development of unfavorable processes of lands suitable for agricultural use. It is a component of land use forecasting. The article is devoted to the organization of agroecological monitoring on the territory of the Chelyabinsk Agriculture Research Institute enterprise using methods of Earth remote sensing. This article analyzes the current state of agricultural lands of the Chelyabinsk Agriculture Research Institute with territory classification. The main focus is on monitoring the condition of crops for the growing season of 2023. The analysis of data in GIS systems allows to predict risks and take measures to increase crop yields and resistance to climate change. This direction has its relevance today. Monitoring is one of the tools for forecasting and rational land use.
Formation of turnip yield when using mineral fertilizers in the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors: Islamgulov D.R. , Idrisova A.U. , Enikiev R.I. , Lubova T.N. , Kanbekov I.R.
Published: November 2024

The paper presents data on the study of the formation of turnip yields when using various doses of mineral fertilizers in the Republic of Bashkortostan on leached chernozems. The object of the study is the turnip of the Ostersundomsky variety (approved for use in the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Ural region) and options for applying various doses of mineral fertilizers (NPK), the forecrop is winter wheat. The analysis of yield dynamics, dry matter content, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, and ash was carried out with the use of various doses of mineral fertilizers. The results of collecting feed units, digested protein, and feed protein units are shown. The yield and the prospect of growing turnips with the use of various doses of mineral fertilizers in the Republic of Bashkortostan are estimated, and the profitability of cultivation is also calculated.
Improvement of stages of adaptation and ex vitro pre-growing of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) plants
Authors: Akimova Svetlana , Palamarchuk Diana , Makarov Sergey , Marchenko Lyudmyla , Soloviev Alexander
Published: November 2024

At the adaptation stage, a new multicomponent microbial concentrate obtained by fermentation of substrate from a mixture of peat, humus and compost by bifidobacteria was used for the first time. The microbial preparation is rich in BAS (probiotics, enzymes, amino acids, etc.), due to which it activates plant immunity and improves plant establishment, growth and development. The influence of different modifications of Revitalize liquid preparation (marka U - universal; marka Ya - for berry crops) in preparation of red raspberry microplants for the stage of adaptation to non-sterile conditions was studied. The work demonstrated the positive effect of Revitalize liquid marka Ya at the stage of adaptation for a single treatment with exogenous treatment. At the stage of pre-growing, the effectiveness of a single treatment with fertilization and a double treatment with mixed feeding was revealed.
Changes in water content and carbohydrate metabolism in the annual shoots of contrasting plum varieties in the autumn period
Authors: Ozherelieva Zoya , Bolgova Anzhelika
Published: November 2024

A study of the water content in autumn revealed a significant 1.7-2.9-fold increase in the ratio of bound and free water in plum genotypes in November compared with September. At the same time, a significant increase in the content of sugars amount (by 9.9 % and 10.8 %) was noted in the bark of annual shoots n the plants of Prunus salicina and Prunus × rossica Erem. The outcome obtained suggest that the varieties of Prunus × rossica Erem. – Vetraz, Gek, Zlato Skifov, Kubanskaya Kometa and Prunus salicina – Nezhenka, Orlovskaya Mechta, Skoroplodnaya, Suvenir Vostoka and ELS 18476 have greater frost resistance in winter, because their adaptive processes were more intense in autumn.
The use of simulation technologies to optimize the processes of transportation of crop production
Authors: Nekrasov S.I. , Apatenko A.S.
Published: November 2024

Methodological approaches to the substantiation of groups of optimization criteria for mathematical modeling of planning and distribution structures are considered in detail. To justify methodological approaches for optimizing the transportation process, it is necessary to take into account not only transportation conditions, but also indicators of the trouble-free operation of vehicles. It has been established that cost-effective characteristics of transport and technological processes have been studied and determined using mathematical analysis. Based on this model, recommendations have been presented for optimizing transportation processes. The model can be used to study and predict the development of freight transportation systems in the agricultural sector.
Characteristics of Zymoseptoria tritici isolates from the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan by azoxystrobin sensitivity
Authors: Zeleneva Yuliya , Zubko Natalya , Kokhmetova Alma , Konkova Elmira , Kumarbayeva Madina
Published: November 2024

Septoria tritici blotch is one of the harmful diseases of wheat cultivars cultivated in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. The purpose of the research was to study a sample of Zymoseptoria tritici isolates obtained from the Saratov and Tambov (Russian Federation) and Almaty (Republic of Kazakhstan) regions according to the degree of the azoxystrobin sensitivity, as well as to evaluate these isolates for the presence of the G143A mutation using PCR-RFLP analysis. The azoxystrobin sensitivity of Z. tritici isolates was evaluated by studying the growth restriction of cultures on a nutrient medium (concentrations of active drug in the medium were 100, 10, 1, 0.1, 0.01 mg/l.). In the control, on the 21st day of cultivation, the diameter of the colonies of Z. tritici strains varied from 14.24±1.43 mm to 19.53±0.66 mm. Azoxystrobin had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of fungal isolates from the Tambov region: EC50 is 1.72 μg/l, from the Almaty region EC50 is 2.36 μg/l, from the Saratov region EC50 is 2.63 μg/l. The results of biotesting made it possible to identify isolates of Z. tritici resistant to azoxystrobin: 277-22-5, 277-22-13 (from Kazakhstan); 104-23-9, 104-23-10 (from the Saratov region); 19-23-5, 19-23-8 (from the Tambov region). PCR-RFLP method made it possible to identify mitochondrial mutations G143A in selected fungal isolates, which are associated with the development of resistance to fungicides in the causative agent of septoria. This work is the beginning of a more in-depth study of the sensitivity of the economically significant phytopathogen Z. tritici to fungicides in the territories of Russia and the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Pre-sowing irradiation of annual ryegrass seeds as a way to accelerate plant growth and adaptation to adverse conditions
Authors: Guseva Yulia E. , Smolina Galina A.
Published: November 2024

As a result of pre-sowing irradiation of annual ryegrass seeds of Rapid variety, the effect of radiobiological stimulation was obtained, which manifested in root growth and an increase in the mass of seedlings and was most observed at a dose of γ-irradiation of 4 Gy. A similar effect when germinating seeds after storage for 90 days was obtained at higher doses of seed irradiation – 10 and 15 Gy; a dose of 4 Gy increased the sprout length. In case of imitation of arid conditions for ryegrass plants, seedlings from non-irradiated seeds of the control variant, under stress, experienced depression and lagged in growth from seedlings with optimal hydration. At the same time, pre-sowing γ-irradiation of seeds in doses of 15-20 Gy partially compensated for the negative effect of lack of moisture, ensuring the same plant development as with optimal hydration, confirming that radiation hormesis can be an example of an adaptive reaction to changing environmental conditions.
Effect of methyl jasmonate seed treatment on physiological processes in wheat plants under conditions of increased zinc content in substrate
Authors: Nilova Irina , Ignatenko Anna , Kholoptseva Ekaterina , Kaznina Natalya
Published: November 2024

The effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA, 10 μM) seed treatment on seed germination, growth and some parameters of photosynthesis and water metabolism in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants of the Zlata variety grown at optimal (5 mg/kg) or excessive (46 mg/kg) zinc content in the substrate was studied. It was shown that elevated zinc concentrations inhibited shoot growth and led to a decrease both in chlorophyll content and transpiration intensity. MeJA seed treatment stimulated germination, but slightly inhibited plant growth during the tillering phase at optimum zinc content in the substrate. Conversely, at higher zinc levels, MeJA seed treatment reduces its inhibitory effect on plant growth and transpiration rate.
Investigation of the chlorophylls and flavonoids content in apple leaves under conditions of various scab protection systems
Authors: Kasatov I.S. , Anisimov A.A. , Beloshapkina O.O.
Published: November 2024

As part of the study of the effect of fungicides on the development of apple scab in an orchard in the Solnechnogorsk district of the Moscow region, changes in the optical parameters of apple leaves depending on protection systems and varieties were studied. The effectiveness of the express method using the Dualex chlorophyll meter has been proven. This method has the same effectiveness as the traditional spectrophotometric determination of the chlorophylls a and b, but it is faster and easier. The choice of the method of working with the N-tester is justified. Leaves 5-9 of average age, located in the middle of the shoot, were selected as plant samples. They are considered to be the most optimal for assessing the state of the nitrogen status of plants. It has been experimentally proven that the treatment of plants with fungicides based on captan, dithianon, trifloxystrobin and ciprodinil has the positive effect on increasing the plant nitrogen balance index (NBI). The greatest effect of an increase in the NBI index was observed on the Mantet variety, the most susceptible to the development of scab in the conditions of the experiment.