bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of concomitant injuries in geriatric patients with proximal femur fracture
Authors: Schoeneberg Carsten , Pass Bastian , Oberkircher Ludwig , Rascher Katherine , Knobe Matthias , Neuerburg Carl , Lendemans Sven , Aigner Rene ,   On behalf of the Registry for Geriatric Trauma DGU
Published: September 2021

Aims

The impact of concomitant injuries in patients with proximal femoral fractures has rarely been studied. To date, the few studies published have been mostly single-centre research focusing on the influence of upper limb fractures. A retrospective cohort analysis was, therefore, conducted to identify the impact and distribution of concomitant injuries in patients with proximal femoral fractures.

Methods

A retrospective, multicentre registry-based study was undertaken. Between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2019, data for 24,919 patients from 100 hospitals were collected in the Registry for Geriatric Trauma. This information was queried and patient groups with and without concomitant injury were compared using linear and logistic regression models. In addition, we analyzed the influence of the different types of additional injuries.

Results

A total of 22,602 patients met the inclusion criteria. The overall prevalence of a concomitant injury was 8.2% with a predominance of female patients (8.7% vs 6.9%; p < 0.001). Most common were fractures of the ipsilateral upper limb. Concomitant injuries resulted in prolonged time-to-surgery (by 3.4 hours (95 confidence interval (CI) 2.14 to 4.69)) and extended length of stay in hospital by 2.2 days (95% CI 1.74 to 2.61). Mortality during the admission was significantly higher in the concomitant injury group (7.4% vs 5.3%; p < 0.001). Additionally, walking ability and quality of life were reduced in these patients at discharge. More patients were discharged to a nursing home instead of their own home compared to patients without additional injuries (25.8% vs 30.3%; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

With a prevalence of 8.2%, the appearance of a concomitant injury is common in elderly patients with hip fracture. These patients are at a greater risk for death during the admission, longer hospital stays, and delayed surgery. This knowledge is clinically important for all who are involved in the treatment of proximal femur fractures. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(9):1526–1533.
Using an asymmetric crosslinked polyethylene liner in primary total hip arthroplasty is associated with a lower risk of revision surgery
Authors: Davis Edward T. , Pagkalos Joseph , Kopjar Branko
Published: September 2021

Aims

The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of asymmetric crosslinked polyethylene liner use on the risk of revision of cementless and hybrid total hip arthroplasties (THAs).

Methods

We undertook a registry study combining the National Joint Registry dataset with polyethylene manufacturing characteristics as supplied by the manufacturers. The primary endpoint was revision for any reason. We performed further analyses on other reasons including instability, aseptic loosening, wear, and liner dissociation. The primary analytic approach was Cox proportional hazard regression.

Results

A total of 213,146 THAs were included in the analysis. Overall, 2,997 revisions were recorded, 1,569 in THAs with a flat liner and 1,428 in THAs using an asymmetric liner. Flat liner THAs had a higher risk of revision for any reason than asymmetric liner THAs when implanted through a Hardinge/anterolateral approach (hazard ratio (HR) 1.169, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.022 to 1.337) and through a posterior approach (HR 1.122, 95% CI 1.108 to 1.346). There was no increased risk of revision for aseptic loosening when asymmetric liners were used for any surgical approach. A separate analysis of the three most frequently used crosslinked polyethylene liners was in agreement with this finding. When analyzing THAs with flat liners only, THAs implanted through a Hardinge/anterolateral approach were associated with a reduced risk of revision for instability compared to posterior approach THAs (HR 0.561 (95% CI 0.446 to 0.706)). When analyzing THAs with an asymmetric liner, there was no significant difference in the risk of revision for instability between the two approaches (HR 0.838 (95% CI 0.633 to 1.110)).

Conclusion

For THAs implanted through the posterior approach, the use of asymmetric liners reduces the risk of revision for instability and revision for any reason. In THAs implanted through a Hardinge/anterolateral approach, the use of an asymmetric liner was associated with a reduced risk of revision. The effect on revision for instability was less pronounced than in the posterior approach. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(9):1479–1487.
Instantaneous Approach for Evaluating the Initial Centers in the Agricultural Databases Using K-Means Clustering Algorithm
Authors: K LNC. Prakash , Surya Narayana G. , Ansari Mohd Dilshad , Gunjan Vinit Kumar
Published: September 2021

Clustering algorithms are most probably and widely used analysis method for grouping agricultural data with high similarity. For example, one of the most widely used approaches in previous study is K-means, which is simpler, more versatile, and easier to understand and formulate. The only disadvantage of the K-means algorithm has always been that the predetermined set of cluster centres must be prepared ahead of time and provided as feedback. This paper addresses the issue of estimating cluster random centres for data segmentation and proposes a new method for locating appropriate random centres based on the frequency of attribute values. As a consequence of calculating cluster random centres, the number of iterations required to achieve optimum clusters in K-means will be reduced, as will the time required to shape the final clusters. The experimental findings show that our approach is efficient at estimating the right random cluster centres that indicate a fair separation of objects in the given database. The technique observation and comparative test results showed that the new strategy does not use present manual cluster centres, is more efficient in determining the original cluster centres, and therefore more successful in terms of time to converge the actual clusters especially in agricultural data bases.
Observation and numerical modeling of physical oceanography in the Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan: Preliminary results
Authors: Putri Mutiara Rachmat , Anwar Iwan P , Sihotang Zetsaona , Bernawis Lamona I. , Setiawan Agus , Riza Muhammad , Mandang Idris , Tatipatta Willem M.
Published: August 2021

The Indonesian government plans to move the capital city from Jakarta to Penajam Paser Utara (PPU) which is the upstream area of Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan. There are several activities in the planned new capital city that potentially affect the condition of land and marine ecosystems, including clearing new land for housing and agriculture as well as expanding mining and petroleum areas. Directly or indirectly, these activities could affect the oceanographic conditions of Balikpapan Bay. For this reason, in order to obtain an up-to-date picture of Balikpapan Bay, an oceanographic survey was conducted in early March 2020. In addition, to support the analysis of marine dynamics in these waters and their predictions in the future, numerical simulations of hydrodynamic modeling were also carried out. Oceanographic observations indicate significant water stratification in the area about 20 km from the mouth of the bay. This result is also well illustrated in the hydrodynamic model numerical simulation, where there is a water loop at the confluence between salt and fresh water masses from two rivers 18-20 km from the mouth of Balikpapan Bay. Keywords:The national capital city of IndonesiaBalikpapan BayPhysical oceanography ObservationCoastal and marine Ecosystem
Practical application of sea urchin shell flour supplementation as a stimulant moulting in vannamei shrimp
Authors: Heriansah Heriansah , Nursyahran Nursyahran , Nursidi Nursidi , Nursida Nur Fajriani , Najamuddin Najamuddin
Published: August 2021

The practical application of waste recycling as feed supplement is potentially required by small-scale aquaculturist. Furthermore, some of the flour derived from waste sea urchin shells and in adopted in feed, including Deadema setosum were evaluated to estimate the effect on white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei moulting. This research required the experimentation of four doses with triplicate supplementation (0, 2, 4, and 6 g 100 g-1 of feed) on shrimps four times daily (12% of body weight) for 35 days test period. The juvenile specimens, characterized by an initial weight of 1.61±0.11 g, were stocked at a density of 12 individuals in a 12 L aquarium. In addition, four compartments were created in each aquarium to facilitate progress observations. The proximate analysis results showed a 53.76±0.27% calcium content in the shell flour, which significantly increased (P0.05) after higher dose supplementation, in the sequential order 18.65±0.13%, 20.04±0.08%, 23.18±0.10%, and 25.04±0.11%. Moreover, the frequency and moulting interval with 4 g doses (16.59%±0.36% day-1 and 5.91±0.18 days-1) were significant (P0.05) and considered the best, compared to 0 g (10.48% ± 0.24% day-1 and 9.97±0.37 days-1), 2 g (13.49%±0.96% day-1 and 8.10±0.29 days-1), and 6 g (13.81%±0.24% day-1 and 7.90±0.06 days-1). In addition, the respective trend pattern for both parameters increased and decreased at 4 g and 6 g, correspondingly. The highest moulting intensity was also obtained with the 4 g doses, at a range of 4 to 6 times, while the lowest (0 g) varied from 3 to 4 times. These sea urchin shell flour was determined to have numerous practical applications as a feed supplement with proven ability to stimulate moulting in vannamei shrimp.Keywords:MoultingCalciumShellSea urchinFeed supplementationVannamei shrimp
Determination of potential fisheries areas based on trophic status (Case study in Situ Gede, Tasikmalaya)
Authors: Sawestri Sevi , Suryati Ni Komang , Muthmainnah Dina
Published: August 2021

Situ Gede is one of the artificial lakes/reservoirs in Tasikmalaya, West Java. The lake has functioned as a source of household water needs, fisheries, and tourism. According to determine the development of water management requires information on the trophic status and water quality. This study aimed to obtain information on the trophic status and water quality of Situ Gede. The research was conducted in Situ Gede, Tasikmalaya, West Java, in 2018. Measurement and analysis of water quality parameters used the SNI and APHA methods, while the measurement of trophic status used the Carlson Trophic State Index (TSI). The relationship between water quality parameters and TSI scores was analyzed using Statistica version 8. Based on the analysis, the trophic status of Situ Gede ranged from 69.06-79.04, with an average of 74.61. This value indicated that Situ Gede's trophic status was on a eutrophic level. The physical and chemical parameters that affect the trophic status of Situ Gede are TP, pH, conductivity, TDS, and temperature. The TP values, conductivity, pH, and temperature at Situ Gede were still categorized as normal. The trophic of Situ Gede can be a source of fish growth. Moreover, in general, Situ Gede waters still have sufficient water quality for fish life. Therefore, Situ Gede has the potential to capture fisheries, recreational fisheries, and aquaculture.Keywords:Trophic statusSitu GedeFisheryChlorophyll-aFish Reserve
September 2021 Pulmonary Case of the Month: A 45­-Year-Old Woman with Multiple Lung Cysts
Authors:   Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ USA, Wesselius Lewis
Published: September 2021

No abstract available. Article truncated after the first 150 words. History of Present Illness A 45-year-old woman presented with increasing dyspnea on exertion and a history of recurrent pneumothoraces. In March 2018 she had laparoscopic ovarian cyst removal and noted some subsequent shortness of breath. In August 2018 she developed a right pneumothorax requiring chest tube placement. In September 2018 she had recurrent right pneumothorax and had video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) with a right pleurodesis. The operative note from the outside VATS indicates a RUL bleb was removed and a wedge biopsy was done from posterior segment of the RUL. Pathology from the wedge biopsy reported “minimal emphysematous disease without other diagnostic abnormality”. She continued to be short of breath after the operation. PMH, SH, and FH • In 1975 she reportedly had pulmonary tuberculosis. • In 2018 the pneumothoraces, pleurodesis and the right ovarian cyst resection noted above. She is a never smoker and has no family history…
Theoretical model considering optimal ranging performance and energy efficiency for photon-counting lidars with multiple detectors
Authors: Yang Jian , Ma Yue , Li Song , Liu Xinyuan , Zhang Wenhao , Zhang Zhiyu
Published: September 2021

With an orbital speed of several kilometers per second, space-borne photon-counting lidars can only perform several to a few tens of measurements on the same target. The ranging uncertainty can exceed tens of centimeters with a pulse width of several nanoseconds and has a great impact on the total ranging error. When multiple photons are recorded (using multiple detectors) in a single laser shot, the ranging uncertainty can be effectively suppressed by the average method. Higher signal levels (receiving more photons) introduce a better ranging uncertainty, but a worse ranging bias is caused by the dead time effect of photon-counting detectors. In this study, a theoretical ranging performance model is proposed to address that question: What signal levels and how many detectors are the optimum selection to achieve a better ranging performance? A photon-counting lidar system with four photomultiplier tubes is used to verify the proposed ranging performance model. Experiments are conducted under nine sets of different signal levels, and the ranging performance of experiment results agree well with the theoretical predictions. The average residual error is 0.31 cm and all error ratios are less than 10%. The energy efficiency and ranging uncertainty are further quantitatively analyzed. When multiple detectors are employed, the total ranging error (i.e., the root sum square of the ranging bias and ranging uncertainty) has the minimum value. For a space-borne photon-counting lidar, the expected signal photon number in each detector is recommended as

0.5

∼

1

(wasting a small part of the received energy). With a

4

×

4

detector array and a received pulse width of 1.5 ns, the total ranging error can reach approximately 5 cm when the expected signal photon number is close to 10. This theoretical model is essential in estimating the ranging performance for a give photon-counting lidar and in optimizing the design of lidar system parameters.
Measuring the accuracy of gridded human population density surfaces: A case study in Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea
Authors: Fries Brendan , Guerra Carlos A. , García Guillermo A. , Wu Sean L. , Smith Jordan M. , Oyono Jeremías Nzamio Mba , Donfack Olivier T. , Nfumu José Osá Osá , Hay Simon I. , Smith David L. , Dolgert Andrew J.
Published: September 2021

Background

Geospatial datasets of population are becoming more common in models used for health policy. Publicly-available maps of human population make a consistent picture from inconsistent census data, and the techniques they use to impute data makes each population map unique. Each mapping model explains its methods, but it can be difficult to know which map is appropriate for which policy work. High quality census datasets, where available, are a unique opportunity to characterize maps by comparing them with truth.

Methods

We use census data from a bed-net mass-distribution campaign on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, conducted by the Bioko Island Malaria Elimination Program as a gold standard to evaluate LandScan (LS), WorldPop Constrained (WP-C) and WorldPop Unconstrained (WP-U), Gridded Population of the World (GPW), and the High-Resolution Settlement Layer (HRSL). Each layer is compared to the gold-standard using statistical measures to evaluate distribution, error, and bias. We investigated how map choice affects burden estimates from a malaria prevalence model.

Results

Specific population layers were able to match the gold-standard distribution at different population densities. LandScan was able to most accurately capture highly urban distribution, HRSL and WP-C matched best at all other lower population densities. GPW and WP-U performed poorly everywhere. Correctly capturing empty pixels is key, and smaller pixel sizes (100 m vs 1 km) improve this. Normalizing areas based on known district populations increased performance. The use of differing population layers in a malaria model showed a disparity in results around transition points between endemicity levels.

Discussion

The metrics in this paper, some of them novel in this context, characterize how these population maps differ from the gold standard census and from each other. We show that the metrics help understand the performance of a population map within a malaria model. The closest match to the census data would combine LandScan within urban areas and the HRSL for rural areas. Researchers should prefer particular maps if health calculations have a strong dependency on knowing where people are not, or if it is important to categorize variation in density within a city.
Vocal correlates of arousal in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops spp.) in human care
Authors: Probert Rachel , Bastian Anna , Elwen Simon H. , James Bridget S. , Gridley Tess
Published: September 2021

Human-controlled regimes can entrain behavioural responses and may impact animal welfare. Therefore, understanding the influence of schedules on animal behaviour can be a valuable tool to improve welfare, however information on behaviour overnight and in the absence of husbandry staff remains rare. Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiopsspp.) are highly social marine mammals and the most common cetacean found in captivity. They communicate using frequency modulated signature whistles, a whistle type that is individually distinctive and used as a contact call. We investigated the vocalisations of ten dolphins housed in three social groups at uShaka Sea World dolphinarium to determine how patterns in acoustic behaviour link to dolphinarium routines. Investigation focused on overnight behaviour, housing decisions, weekly patterns, and transitional periods between the presence and absence of husbandry staff. Recordings were made from 17h00 – 07h00 over 24 nights, spanning May to August 2018. Whistle (including signature whistle) presence and production rate decreased soon after husbandry staff left the facility, was low over night, and increased upon staff arrival. Results indicated elevated arousal states particularly associated with the morning feeding regime. Housing in the pool configuration that allowed observation of staff activities from all social groups was characterised by an increase in whistle presence and rates. Heightened arousal associated with staff presence was reflected in the structural characteristics of signature whistles, particularly maximum frequency, frequency range and number of whistle loops. We identified individual differences in both production rate and the structural modification of signature whistles under different contexts. Overall, these results revealed a link between scheduled activity and associated behavioural responses, which can be used as a baseline for future welfare monitoring where changes from normal behaviour may reflect shifts in welfare state.
A systematic review and narrative synthesis of the research provisions under the Mental Capacity Act (2005) in England and Wales: Recruitment of adults with capacity and communication difficulties
Authors: Jimoh Oluseyi Florence , Ryan Hayley , Killett Anne , Shiggins Ciara , Langdon Peter E. , Heywood Rob , Bunning Karen
Published: September 2021

Background

The Mental Capacity Act (MCA, 2005) and its accompanying Code of Practice (2007), govern research participation for adults with capacity and communication difficulties in England and Wales. We conducted a systematic review and narrative synthesis to investigate the application of these provisions from 2007 to 2019.

Methods and findings

We included studies with mental capacity in their criteria, involving participants aged 16 years and above, with capacity-affecting conditions and conducted in England and Wales after the implementation of the MCA. Clinical trials of medicines were excluded. We searched seven databases: Academic Search Complete, ASSIA, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycArticles, PsycINFO and Science Direct. We used narrative synthesis to report our results. Our review follows Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and is registered on PROSPERO, CRD42020195652.

28 studies of various research designs met our eligibility criteria: 14 (50.0%) were quantitative, 12 (42.9%) qualitative and 2 (7.1%) mixed methods. Included participants were adults with intellectual disabilities (n = 12), dementia (n = 9), mental health disorders (n = 2), autism (n = 3) and aphasia after stroke (n = 2). We found no studies involving adults with acquired brain injury. Diverse strategies were used in the recruitment of adults with capacity and communication difficulties with seven studies excluding individuals deemed to lack capacity.

Conclusions

We found relatively few studies including adults with capacity and communication difficulties with existing regulations interpreted variably. Limited use of consultees and exclusions on the basis of capacity and communication difficulties indicate that this group continue to be under-represented in research. If health and social interventions are to be effective for this population, they need to be included in primary research. The use of strategic adaptations and accommodations during the recruitment process, may serve to support their inclusion.
Measuring customer satisfaction on the cleanliness of food premises using fuzzy conjoint analysis: A pilot test
Authors: Lim Sook Yee , Harun Ummilia Balqis , Gobil Abdul Rahman , Mustafa Noor Afiqah , Zahid Nur Azwanis , Amin-Nordin Syafinaz , Ariffin Umi Kalsom Md. , Jamaluddin Tengku Zetty Maztura Tengku , Mohamed Nurul Azmawati , Zulkefli Nor Afiah Mohd , Shohaimi Shamarina
Published: September 2021

Determining the level of customer satisfaction in cleanliness regarding a product or service is a significant aspect of businesses. However, the availability of feedback tools for consumers to evaluate the cleanliness of a restaurant is a crucial issue as several aspects of cleanliness need to be evaluated collectively. To overcome this issue, this study designed a survey instrument based on the standard form used for grading the food premises and transformed it into a seven Likert scale questionnaire and consists of seven questions. This study employed fuzzy conjoint analysis to measure the level of satisfaction in cleanliness in food premises. This pilot study recruited 30 students in Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Seremban 3. The student’s perception was represented by the scores calculated based on their degree of similarities and corresponding levels of satisfaction, whereby, only scores with the highest degree of similarity were selected. Furthermore, this study identified the aspects of hygiene that assessed based on the customers’ satisfaction upon visiting the premises. The results indicated that the fuzzy conjoint analysis produced a similar outcome as the statistical mean, thus, was useful for the evaluation of customer satisfaction on the cleanliness of food premises.
Angry facial expressions bias towards aversive actions
Authors: Kroczek Leon O. H. , Lingnau Angelika , Schwind Valentin , Wolff Christian , Mühlberger Andreas
Published: September 2021

Social interaction requires fast and efficient processing of another person’s intentions. In face-to-face interactions, aversive or appetitive actions typically co-occur with emotional expressions, allowing an observer to anticipate action intentions. In the present study, we investigated the influence of facial emotions on the processing of action intentions. Thirty-two participants were presented with video clips showing virtual agents displaying a facial emotion (angry vs. happy) while performing an action (punch vs. fist-bump) directed towards the observer. During each trial, video clips stopped at varying durations of the unfolding action, and participants had to recognize the presented action. Naturally, participants’ recognition accuracy improved with increasing duration of the unfolding actions. Interestingly, while facial emotions did not influence accuracy, there was a significant influence on participants’ action judgements. Participants were more likely to judge a presented action as a punch when agents showed an angry compared to a happy facial emotion. This effect was more pronounced in short video clips, showing only the beginning of an unfolding action, than in long video clips, showing near-complete actions. These results suggest that facial emotions influence anticipatory processing of action intentions allowing for fast and adaptive responses in social interactions.
Glucose levels between the anterior chamber of the eye and blood are correlated based on blood glucose dynamics
Authors: Kurihara Toshihide , Lee Deokho , Shinojima Ari , Kinoshita Taku , Nishizaki Saori , Arita Yoko , Hidaka Yuki , Nishi Yasuyo , Shirakawa Yoshinori , Kimura Sho , Tsuneyoshi Yukari , Torii Hidemasa , Tsubota Kazuo , Negishi Kazuno
Published: September 2021

Glycemic control is essential to manage metabolic diseases such as diabetes. Frequent measurements of systemic glucose levels with prompt managements can prevent organ damages. The eye is a glucose highly demanding organ in our body, and the anterior chamber (AC) in the eye has been suggested for a noninvasive blood glucose monitoring site. However, calculating blood glucose levels from measuring glucose levels in AC has been difficult and unclear. In this study, we aimed to examine glucose levels from AC and find a correlation with blood glucose levels. A total of 30 patients with cataracts (men and women, study 1; 7 and 3, study 2; 9 and 11) who visited Keio University Hospital from 2015 to 2018 and agreed to participate in this study were recruited. Glucose levels from AC and the blood were examined by a UV-hexokinase or H2O2-electrode method before/during the cataract surgery. These values were analyzed with regression analyses depending on the groups (blood glucose-ascending and descending groups). In the blood glucose-descending group, glucose levels from AC were strongly correlated with blood glucose levels (a high R2value, 0.8636). However, the relatively moderate correlation was seen in the blood glucose-ascending group (a low R2value, 0.5228). Taken together, we showed different correlation ratios on glucose levels between AC and the blood, based on blood glucose dynamics. Stacking data regarding this issue would enable establishing noninvasive blood glucose monitoring from measuring glucose levels in AC more correctly, which will be helpful for proper and prompt managements for glucose-mediated complications.
Ode to Tom
Authors: Andreyev Julie
Published: September 2021

Poem
The new Phrygian cap: Pussy hats, feminism and anti-fashion
Authors: Petrov Julia
Published: August 2021

The international wave of Women’s Marches in 2017 (and subsequent years) was fuelled by anger about the misogynist tone of the American election (aimed at contender Hillary Clinton) and a sense that the rights of women and sexual minorities were being threatened. In particular, protests were triggered by the newly elected president’s unearthed comments about female genitalia: ‘grab ‘em by the pussy’. Following the instigation of craftivists in California, women around the world donned pink knitted hats with points resembling cat ears, which became known as ‘pussy hats’. This chapter uses examples collected as rapid response collecting after the marches in Edmonton and Calgary (Alberta, Canada) for the Royal Alberta Museum to argue that the pussy hat is an example of anti-fashion in its embrace of anti-consumption, and its role to promote political accountability. The pussy hat, in effect, is the uniform of a feminist political ethics.
Ethical fashion consumption: Market research and fashion sustainability in Canada and beyond
Authors: Nimon Kibamba
Published: August 2021

Today’s consumers are very connected and knowledgeable and have very high expectations of businesses in terms of corporate social and environmental responsibilities. Yet, researchers have demonstrated the existence of a behaviour gap between consumers’ intention and their action. While they expect brands to be more responsible and are willing to pay more from the ones that ‘do good’, that willingness to purchase more ethical products fails to translate to a concrete purchase in reality. This behaviour gap is a real challenge to ethical fashion brands, a challenge that must be addressed in order to support the growth of the market and ensure that sustainability truly becomes the fashion industry framework. This chapter supports to a certain extent the arguments of the Professors Kate Fletcher (University of Arts London) and Lynda Grose (California College of Arts) in favour of creating longer-lasting garments through the design for sustainability approach. Their work has, among other things, put the user back to the centre of discussions and his relationship with clothing and how this relationship should affect systemic change in the industry. The purpose of this chapter is to bring the consumer behavioural paradox to light and to share through a case study one way ethical fashion brands could bridge consumers’ expectations and thus empower them in their choice to live more sustainably.
Beyond the webs of ideology: Orson Welles’s Othello in post-war Italy
Authors: Parisi Serena
Published: August 2021

This article focuses on Orson Welles’s filmic adaptation of Othello (1951) with attention to how the filmic form interacts with the historical background of post-war Italy. The country where the director first took refuge after being virtually blacklisted from Hollywood did not seem to welcome his controversial style either. Taking the hint from the biased responses of most Italian critics to Othello, the article explores Welles’s revision of Shakespeare’s tragedy in relation to the early-1950s Italian landscape. I shall analyse how the visual techniques of the film create a challenging style that ensnares and engages the audience. The dominant imagery of entrapment can have a meta-cinematographic effect that disturbs the mimetic function of the screen. The resulting formal inconsistency and disunity of the film defies a totalizing notion of the work of art and invites the viewers to question and go beyond ideologically biased interpretations of the sociopolitical scenario it springs from. My aim is to show that Othello offers an intellectual engagement that goes beyond the webs of ideology which trapped the Italian post-war situation and leads to a more complex confrontation with the most urgent issues in the country.
Perfil epidemiológico da coinfecção TB/HIV em um município prioritário da Amazônia ocidental
Authors: Mariano Amanda , Tavares Magnabosco Gabriela , Halax Orfão Nathalia
Published: September 2021

A infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) aumenta o risco de desenvolver tuberculose (TB), favorecendo a coinfecção. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar os casos de coinfecção TB/HIV em Porto Velho-RO, no período de 2014 a 2018. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo transversal e abordagem quantitativa, realizado a partir do levantamento das variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação e analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, após atendidos os preceitos éticos. Das 276 pessoas com coinfecção TB/HIV, a idade média foi de 38,3 anos (dp=±11,28), a maioria era do sexo masculino (73,9%), raça/cor autodeclarada parda (79,3%), escolaridade entre 5 e 8 anos (33,3%), presença de aids (98,2%), alcoolismo (21%), uso de drogas ilícitas (14,5%), tabagismo (9%), privados de liberdade (5,4%), caso novo (62%), forma pulmonar (62%), radiografia de tórax suspeita (79,3%), baciloscopia de escarro negativa (44,6), cultura de escarro (86,6%) e Teste Molecular Rápido para TB (71%) não realizados, e teste de sensibilidade (84,4%) e baciloscopias de escarro para controle mensal em branco/ignorado. Os casos foram notificados, em sua maioria, no serviço de referência terciária (67%), porém tratados no Serviço de Assistência Especializada (68,5%), tinham entre 1 e 5 contatos identificados (74%), porém nenhum examinado (74,3%), não realizaram tratamento diretamente observado (TDO) (84,4%), com tempo médio de tratamento de 147,2 dias (dp=±88,15), baixa taxa de cura (42%) e elevada para abandono (34,4%). Os resultados apontam para importantes fragilidades na realização dos exames diagnósticos e no acompanhamento dos casos coinfectados, bem como vigilância dos contatos, além da implementação restrita do TDO e baixo tempo médio de tratamento, contribuindo, portanto, para os desfechos insatisfatórios, conforme encontrado neste estudo.
High Sustained Virologic Response Rates of Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir in Patients With Dosing Interruption or Suboptimal Adherence
Authors: Zamor Philippe J. , Brown Ashley , Dylla Douglas E. , Dillon John F. , Luetkemeyer Anne F. , Feld Jordan J. , Mutimer David , Ghalib Reem , Crown Eric , Lovell Sandra S. , Hu Yiran , Moreno Christophe , Nelson David R. , Colombo Massimo , Papatheodoridis Georgios , Rockstroh Juergen K. , Skoien Richard , Lawitz Eric , Jacobson Ira M.
Published: September 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Pangenotypic, all-oral direct-acting antivirals, such as glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (G/P), are recommended for treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Concerns exist about the impact on efficacy in patients with suboptimal adherence, particularly with shorter treatment durations. These post hoc analyses evaluated adherence (based on pill count) in patients prescribed 8- or 12-week G/P, the impact of nonadherence on sustained virologic response at post-treatment week 12 (SVR12), factors associated with nonadherence, and efficacy in patients interrupting G/P treatment.

METHODS:

Data were pooled from 10 phase 3 clinical trials of treatment-naive patients with HCV genotype 1–6 without cirrhosis/with compensated cirrhosis (treatment adherence analysis) and 13 phase 3 clinical trials of all patients with HCV (interruption analysis).

RESULTS:

Among 2,149 patients included, overall mean adherence was 99.4%. Over the treatment duration, adherence decreased (weeks 0–4: 100%; weeks 5–8: 98.3%; and weeks 9–12: 97.1%) and the percentage of patients with ≥80% or ≥90% adherence declined. SVR12 rate in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population was 97.7% (modified ITT SVR12 99.3%) and remained high in nonadherent patients in the modified ITT population (<90%: 94.4%–100%; <80%: 83.3%–100%). Psychiatric disorders were associated with <80% adherence, and shorter treatment duration was associated with ≥80% adherence. Among 2,902 patients in the interruption analysis, 33 (1.1%) had a G/P treatment interruption of ≥1 day, with an SVR12 rate of 93.9% (31/33). No virologic failures occurred.

DISCUSSION:

These findings support the impact of treatment duration on adherence rates and further reinforce the concept of “treatment forgiveness” with direct-acting antivirals.
Online Learning and Teaching using Google Classroom during the COVID 19 Pandemic
Authors: Sharda Preeti , Bajpai Maneesh Kumar
Published: September 2021

The ‘Google Classroom’ is one of the technologies used for the teaching and learning process. This paper explores the possibilities of how Google Classroom may be brought into use by educators for the effective teaching-learning process. The study’s main objectives are to understand ‘Google Classroom’ technology and find out the use of Google Classroom by the educators of India particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic situation. The study is quantitative research in nature. The data collected through Google form contains 18 questions. A sample of 1050 educators was collected to know the usage of Google classroom in the teaching-learning process. The result indicated that most of the respondents are using Google Classroom for teaching purposes which is good in terms of Ease of access, perceived usefulness, tracking the progress of students, communication and interaction between the teachers and the students. Results also show the effective use of google classroom by the librarians to provide e-library services to their users when physical access to libraries is not available. The study recommends that the Google Classroom may be used to enhance quality in imparting teaching and learning activities at all levels of education, especially during the Pandemic.
Mexico, a democracy with confidence and satisfaction crisis: years 2000-2018
Authors: Zuart Garduño Alberto , Herrán Aguirre Alejandro
Published: September 2021

Este artículo ofrece una aproximación a la comprensión de las llamadas crisis “de confianza” y “de satisfacción” del Sistema Democrático Representativo en México; partiendo del establecimiento doctrinal y empírico del Sistema Representativo Democrático en el contexto internacional y en México, se estudia la creciente desafección por las instituciones políticas y el nivel de satisfacción expresada por las personas en momentos dignos de atención para la democracia mexicana: el primer proceso electoral federal con la alternancia partidista presidencial, año 2000; la elección del regreso a la continuidad y la consolidación del pluralismo político, año 2012; y la nueva posalternancia, 2018. Se usan datos estadísticos, teóricos y sociales de las encuestas que en México preguntan sobre el grado de satisfacción con la democracia como sistema representativo, hasta qué punto los ciudadanos le tienen más o menos confianza a instituciones públicas y privadas, y cómo han evolucionado estos sentimientos. Los datos disponibles evidencian que el Sistema Democrático Representativo mexicano sufre una crisis de confianza y de satisfacción y que tiene importantes retos por delante. Proponemos una defensa de la representación institucional con correcciones que pueda hacerla más cercana, sensible y eficiente.
Electrocoagulation as an Alternative for the Removal of Chromium (VI) in Solution
Authors: Tejada tovar Candelaria nahir , Villabona Ortíz Angel , Contreras Amaya Rafael
Published: September 2021

Context: The contamination of water sources by the discharge of effluents contaminated with chromium (VI) is a current environmental problem because it is a toxic pollutant for humans, animals, plants, and microorganisms; it can be carcinogenic and has a high solubility in an aqueous environment. This research aims to study the electrochemical removal of hexavalent chromium by electrocoagulation using iron and aluminum electrodes with monopolar configuration, evaluating the effect of residence time, voltage, and the number of electrodes on the removal efficiency.

Methodology: The experiments were conducted in a 3L batch electrocoagulation cell, using 10 and 6 aluminum and stainless steel plates as electrodes, connected at a distance of 1.5 cm in a monopolar configuration in parallel to the power source. Contaminated solution with Cr (VI) was treated at a concentration of 50 mg/L, evaluating two levels of residence time (20 and 30 min), voltage (20 and 30 V), and the number of electrodes (6 and 10 electrodes).

Results: After the electrocoagulation removal tests, it was obtained removal percentages between 60.15 and 92.9%. The most significant positive variable in the process was the increase in the residence time. It can be inferred that electrocoagulation performs better at lower voltages and longer residence times and that the joint effect of the increase of the number of electrodes and the contact time would increase the performance of the process, achieving greater removal.

Conclusions: The process of reduction of chromium (VI) by electrocoagulation has the potential to be used for the cost-effective removal of heavy metals from water
Pain, cognition and disability in advanced multiple sclerosis
Authors: Scherder Rogier J. , Prins Angela J. , van Dorp Marit J. , van Klaveren Chris , Cornelisz Ilja , Killestein Joep , Weinstein Henry
Published: September 2021

Objectives

In patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), a relationship between physical disability and pain has been observed. In addition a relationship between physical disability and cognition in MS has been suggested. However, cognitive functions and pain appear not to be correlated in MS patients. Therefore, we examined whether a possible relationship between pain and cognitive functioning may exist, and if so, if such a relationship is mediated by physical disability.

Methods

Forty-five MS patients with chronic pain, and in an advanced stage of the disease were included. Physical disabilities were assessed by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Episodic memory was assessed by means of the Eight Words test, and Face and Picture Recognition. Executive functions (EF) were examined by Digit Span Backward for working memory, and the Rule Shift Cards and Category Fluency test for cognitive flexibility. Pain Intensity and Pain Affect were assessed by means of visual analogue scales and one verbal pain scale and mood (depression, anxiety) by the Beck Depression Inventory and the Symptom Check List (SCL-90). The research questions were analyzed by means of regression analyses and the Sobel test for mediation.

Results

A significant relationship was found between Pain Affect and EF, but that relationship was not mediated by physical disabilities (EDSS). In addition, Pain Intensity and EF showed a significant relationship but only in combination with physical disabilities (EDSS). Finally, mood was related to pain affect.

Discussion

The findings suggest that the lower the EF, exclusively or in combination with more physical disabilities, the more the patient may suffer from pain.

Implications

The more one is cognitively and physically impaired, the more one might suffer from pain, and, the less one is able to communicate pain. The latter could put MS patients at risk for underdiagnosing and undertreatment of pain.
Overcoming barriers in cognitive-behavioral therapy for youth anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder: Addressing parent behaviors
Authors: Chiappini Erika A. , Parrish Carisa , Reynolds Elizabeth , McGuire Joseph F.
Published: September 2021

Exposure-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a well-established treatment for anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in youth. Although a majority of youth respond to CBT, a substantial portion remain symptomatic and/or experience a return of symptoms after completing a course of treatment. This highlights the need for further improvements to this evidence-based treatment. Given that parent behaviors can negatively influence treatment, addressing parental behaviors in CBT serves as a novel and promising treatment target to improve youth's therapeutic outcomes. The authors review three common parent behaviors that influence anxiety and treatment outcomes: family accommodation, parent anxious behaviors, and management of disruptive behaviors. The authors then discuss each behavior, its effect on anxiety/OCD and treatment, and how to address the behavior within the context of CBT. In doing so, therapeutic learning can be optimized to improve CBT outcomes for youth with anxiety disorders and/or OCD.
Preschool-onset OCD: A review of literature and clinical experience
Authors: Sharma Eesha , Jacob Preeti , Dharmendra Apoorva , Reddy Y. C. Janardhan , Seshadri Shekhar P. , Girimaji Sathish C. , Vijaysagar K. John
Published: September 2021

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been described in preschool children as young as 2–3 years old. A preschool age onset of OCD has unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. In this article, the authors review published literature on preschool onset OCD and present data on preschool-onset OCD (age of onset ≤ 5 years) from clinical records at a tertiary care child and adolescent psychiatry center in India. Literature suggests that OCD that starts this early is phenomenologically similar to OCD in older individuals; however, it has very high rates of comorbidity and a family history of OCD. There is a paucity of data on course, treatment, and long-term outcome in this group. At their center, the authors found a 3% prevalence of preschool-onset OCD, with a male predominance (69%) and fairly high comorbidity rates (62%). Qualitative review highlighted delay in treatment seeking, poor follow-up rates, frequent use of pharmacological treatment, and a high remission rate in those treated adequately.
The Somatic Symptom as One's Object: Applying Fairbairn's Theory of Internal Object Relations and Winnicott's Conceptualization of the Psyche-and-Soma
Authors: Shapira-Berman Ofrit
Published: September 2021

The author discusses Winnicott's theory (1949/1975) of the psyche-soma and Fairbairn's (1944) theory of internal object relations, bringing them together to enrich our perspective of one's somatization. By focusing on how the patient takes care, attends, experiences, and feels toward the symptom, the analyst can better understand the patient's early object-relations. This allows analyst and patient to rethink the symptom in terms of the patient's early traumas and one's capacity to mourn the loss of the love-object. Fairbairn's conceptualizations of the “rejecting,” “alluring,” and “addictive” object-relations are combined with Winnicott's understanding of the split between psyche and soma, following the ill-adaptation of the mother to the baby's earliest emotional needs.
How to Use Activities to Realize the Self-Management of Middle School Students?
Authors: Meng Weijie , Ning Fengqi
Published: September 2021

Cultivating students’ self-management ability is the requirement of social development and the progress of the times to school education, and it is also the need for students’ growth. For middle school students in adolescence and undergoing tremendous changes in their body and mind, its significance is even more prominent. As an element of direct contact with students, activities play an irreplaceable role in cultivating students’ self-management ability. Nanjing Yutong Experimental School has added a self-management course to its teaching plan. Through the development of diversified activities, goals are achieved in specific activities, and the overall development of students has been completed. Taking the school’s practical activities as an example, this paper attempted to use the concept of activity teaching to explain better how the school develops self-management of middle school students based on students’ development and creates activities suitable for students’ growth to realize better students realize self-management in activities.
The first record of Elodea nuttallii (Hydrocharitaceae) in the Lower Dnipro River
Authors:   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Davydova A.O. , Orlova-Hudim K.S. ,   Kherson Hydrobiological Station of NAS of Ukraine, Shevchenko I.V. ,   Kherson Hydrobiological Station of NAS of Ukraine, Davydov D.A. ,   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Dzerkal V.M. ,   Nyzhniodniprovskyi National Nature Park, Kherson, Ukraine
Published: September 2021

Six localities of Elodea nuttallii were found in 2020 in the Lower Dnipro River (Kherson Region) within the territory of Nyzhniodniprovskyi National Nature Park. These are the first verified records of this alien aquatic plant (native to North America) in the Steppe Zone of Ukraine. Previously, it has been reported in Ukraine only from the Forest (Kyiv city) and Forest-Steppe (Kyiv, Poltava and Cherkasy administrative regions) zones. Geographic coordinates, depths and substrate are reported for all found localities. Geobotanical data about this species in Ukraine are summarized. It is assumed that Elodea nuttallii as a potentially invasive species in this region may occur not only in the Lower Dnipro River but also in all reservoirs on this river.