bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementing an Educational Design Based on Hypermedia to Enhance Creative Imagination Among Fifth-Grade Literary Students
Authors: Mousa Sawsan , Radif Mustafa
Published: October 2024

The research delves into the intricate design and effectiveness of hypermedia-based educational systems, emphasizing their pivotal role in enhancing learning processes through spatially induced learning formats and creative tools. Hypermedia, a sophisticated form of computer-based media technology, facilitates non-linear, feature-rich media interfaces that significantly augment educational content delivery. This technology transcends traditional instructional tools by embedding navigational methods tailored to diverse learning tasks and environments, thereby fostering deeper understanding and engagement among learners. In this context, the ADDIE model a structured approach comprising Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation—is crucial for the systematic development of educational programs. Each phase of ADDIE builds upon the insights gained from the previous, starting with a comprehensive analysis of training needs, followed by the design and development of instructional materials that incorporate effective strategies and media. The implementation phase involves deploying these materials through learning management systems, ensuring accessibility and alignment with educational goals. Finally, the evaluation phase seeks feedback to refine and enhance the learning modules, demonstrating ADDIE’s iterative nature and its focus on continuous improvement. Moreover, the study engages with a broader theoretical and methodological discourse, integrating perspectives from instructional design and creative imagination within the framework of hypermedia technology. This integration supports the construction of a learning environment that not only addresses theoretical knowledge but also stimulates creativity and innovation among students. The effectiveness of these instructional strategies is evidenced through rigorous assessments and evaluations, highlighting the significant impact of hypermedia on student creativity, problem-solving skills, and overall academic performance. This comprehensive approach not only validates the use of hypermedia in educational settings but also outlines potential improvements and future directions for integrating technology in learning processes, thereby contributing to the evolving landscape of educational technology and pedagogy.
Antibacterial Activity of sonicated Zingiber Officinale Rhizome Extract on Some Bacteria Isolated from Otitis media Patients
Authors: Ameer Duha A. , Deen Wejdan-AL
Published: October 2024

Background: Zingiber officinale is an herbaceous plant that belongs to the Zingiber officinale family Zingiraceae   it is a abundant in the countries of east India, China and Sri Lanka as well as in some Arab countries.
Materials and Procedures: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ethanolic sonicated of zingiber officinale Rhizome against the pathogenic bacteria (Streptococcus) isolated from patient of ear infection. 112 clinical specimens were collected from patient from Babylon hospital of both genders and different ages. From 1/October /2022 to 1/April /2023. The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed. The antimicrobial activity of sonicated ethanolic of zingiber officinale Rhizomes, the (MIC) the (MBC) of sonicated ethanolic of zingiber officinale of all isolates were determined.
Result: The results of isolation 100(899.3%) specimens gave positive growth from 42 females and 58 from males, The isolates of Streptococcus isolates showed sensitivity to [Chloramphenicol, Vancomycin, but show resistance to Gentamycin, Clindamycin, Tetracyclines, Azithromycin, Erythromycin], The antimicrobial activity of sonicated ethanolic They showed (27,40,15) mm for sonicated ethanolic, sonicated aqueous, and (27,40,15) mm for sonicated ethanolic. The antimicrobial agents of sonicated aqueous and ethanolic extract by three different methods first (FESEM) was showed these range of sonicated particles between (10.20-27.28) µm (XRD) that showed (23.601-44.015), third (FTIR) was used in range 400-4000cm- the results were showed 64 Mg/l MIC,128mg/l MBC for Streptococcus
Conclusion:  In this study, it was found that the highest infection rate at the (1-15) years category and the number of meals with otitis infections is more than females. It was showed that the otitis infection patients in the Urban regions with highest percentage with the lowest percentage observed in rural regions and rate of chronic otitis infections as more that the rate of acute otitis infections.
Assessment of Women's Knowledge about the Risks of Medication Use During Pregnancy in Al - Najaf Provence
Authors: Rashed Maha Rasool , Aljebor Murtadha Kanim Adea
Published: October 2024

Objective: The current study aims to assess women's knowledge about the Risks of Medication Use during Pregnancy and determine the relationship between Women's Knowledge about the Risks of Medication Use during Pregnancy and demographic characteristics.
Methodology: A descriptive design /cross sectional study was conducted using analytical utilities to accomplish the stated objectives. In the time frame of 1st November 2023 to 19th July 2024. A non-probability sampling (Purposive sample) approach was used, based on the following criteria: pregnant women in any stage of the pregnancy, including the first, second, and third trimesters (primi gravida and multigravida). A sample of 250 pregnant women was chosen from those admitted to Al-Zahraa Maternity Teaching Hospital/ Al-Furat Teaching Hospital/ AL-Hakim Teaching hospital / primary Health care centers (Maternal, child, and infant care units).
Results:  the results show the level of knowledge differs significantly (P<0.05) according to level of education in which women who have institute and above exhibited the highest level of knowledge (MS=2.05). On the other hand, women whose husbands work in free jobs showed the highest level of knowledge (MS=1.97) while those whose husbands are retired exhibited the lowest level of knowledge (MS=1.50). Regarding gestational age, pregnant women within the (18-22) weeks exhibited the highest knowledge (MS=2.03).
Conclusion: The study found that Women knew very little about the possible effects of some medications on fetal development, on the other hand the participants had little awareness of the safety of anticonvulsants and medications for the common cold and flu. Women had moderate levels of knowledge regarding the safety of using paracetamol (acetaminophen) for pain and fever during pregnancy.
Detection Of Proteus Species In Pregnant Women In The North Of Thi-Qar Province
Authors: Shuwaili Iman Neamah Hussein Al , Al-maliky Haydar Khamis
Published: October 2024

The study included isolation and diagnosis of bacteria Proteus from pregnant women suffering from urinary tract infection (UTI). There are one hundred and fifty urine samples were collected in sterile procedure from pregnant women in north Thiqarprovince. with duration period from September to December 2023. Several data were recorded from such as age, pregnancyduration, occupation and residence.In general they were 40 samples detected as  Gram negative bacteria (G-ve). Gram negative bacteria: (20)(13.33%) isolates were Escherichia coli, (8) (5.34%)isolates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7)(4.67%) isolates were Proteus mirabilis and proteus penneri and  finally (5)(3.33%) isolates were  Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Effectiveness of laser radiance on Morganella morganaii secluded from malignant tumors (cancer)
Authors: Mohammed Nebras Rada
Published: October 2024

Objective: The aim of this research to affect study radiation emitted from Nd: YAG laser  on Morganella morgana isolated from malignant tumors. Study design: Case –Control study design in Analytical study design by 15 isolates from malignant tumors compared with 15 isolates from normal person. Cross-Sectional study design in descriptive study design for 30 isolates. Backrgound: Morganella morganii is a fermissive anaerobic rod Gram-negative enteric bacterium that was headmost isolated in 1906 via Morgan et al. of a pediatric fecal culture. Cancer evolution is the result of a spectrum of genetic modifications that change the normal control of cell expansion and survival. These genetic modifications can be enhanced by a wide diversity of external factors  inclusive smoking, alcohol  and sunlight. Methodology: Morganella morganii implanted in Nutrient broth  at 37° C for 24 h  and rapprochement with MacCfrland 0.5, subsequently exposing 1 ml of suspension to Nd:YAG laser with comparison of control group (without exposure to radiance), each run was done in triplicate and inoculated in Trypton soy agar.  Results: Results the collection from sample are 15 isolates of Morganella morganii from patient malignant tumors and 15 isolates from healthy human. The results in this research proved a high rate of killing of bacteria  Morganella morganii isolated from malignant tumors after exposure to Nd:YAG laser during 500 pulses per second and the number of live cells was few after exposure to the laser at different times and the more time the higher the killing rate compared to the control of samples not exposed to the laser as well as with repeaters and that.  The use of Nd:YAG laser is secure, as it is utilized in cosmetics and there are no side impacts, so the competence of killing Morganella morganii secluded of cancer utilizing secure laser with high competence is very significant and it is an substantial application for treatment. Conclusion: The use of laser is safe as it is used in cosmetics and there are no side effects, and thus the efficiency of killing bacteria isolated from cancer using a safe laser with high efficiency is very important and it is an important application for treatment.
Evaluation of IL- 2 and IFN γ levels in recovered COVID 19 Patients and Vaccinated Participants, Comparative Study in AL-Diwaniyah, Iraq
Authors: Kdhem Esraa Jawad , Ghaidaa Jihadi
Published: October 2024

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a highly contagious transmittable disease caused by a recently discovered coronavirus, pathogenic SARS-CoV-2. Coronavirus is considered one of the diseases arisen recently, Thus, The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has consequently resulted in a notable rate of morbidity and mortality. There are hopes that vaccination generated immunity or infection generated immunity or from herd achieved through both natural SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, can control it.  So, this study aimed to evaluated of IL- 2 and IFN γ levels in COVID-19 recovered patients, vaccination and hybrid (infected  and vaccinated) for three months after infection or vaccination. This study was conducted on 165  COVID-19 Iraqi recovered patients, hybrid and vaccinated  (males and females) with age ranged between 15-75 years, and 85 matched healthy control group. The nasopharyngeal swabs was used to confirm recovery via Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) technique. Blood samples collected for ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). There was significant difference in mean age (p = 0.007) among groups and the highest mean age was for recovered group (37.95 ±14.81) years followed by hybrid  group(35.80 ±14.96)years and vaccinated group (33.93 ±16.06)years , the least mean age was for control group (29.84 ±12.20) years. While, there was no significant difference in the frequency distribution of subjects according to sex among study groups (p = 0.899). In addition there was significant increase (P< 0.001) 0f IL-2 level in COVID-19 recovered patients that taken vaccines group (210.37 ±36.51 pg/mL) followed by recovered patients (181.52 ±24.54 pg/mL) and vaccinated persons (178.81 ±17.50 pg/mL)as compared to healthy control group(148.91 ±7.14 pg/mL). There was significant difference in mean of  IFN-gamma level (p < 0.001) and the level was highest in infected and vaccinated group(213.73 ±77.46 pg/mL) followed by vaccinated (188.99 ±33.31 pg/mL)and recovered groups (186.99 ± 46.11 pg/mL) then lastly by control group(145.06 ±5.34 pg/mL).Moreover, there was a strong positive correlation between IL-2 and IFN-γ (r = 0.534),( P<0.001) in COVID-19 recovered group .
Evaluation The Role Of Some Immunological Markers In Coronavirus-19 Infection In A Sample Of Iraqi Patients
Authors: Al-Waely Hussam A. , Al-Ahmer Saife D.
Published: October 2024

Background: cells produce proinflammatory cytokines like il-8, which activates neutrophils and stimulates immunological responses. Il-6 is produced quickly and transiently in response to infections and stimulates hematopoiesis and acute phase responses, aiding host defense. Dysregulated il-6 production can lead to chronic inflammation and autoimmunity despite its transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation.
Objective: the study aims to identify immunological markers that could serve as diagnostic factors for covid-19 infections, using rt-pcr for diagnosis and estimation of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 levels and evaluating their association with infection progression, given the importance of covid-19 in various medical fields.
Methods: blood samples collected from al-zafaraniyah general hospital, fatima-alzahra hospital, and al-yarmook teaching hospital in baghdad city identified 40 patients with coronavirus. The study used the enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (elisa) approach to detect interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 antibodies in the patients ' serum.
Results: the study reveals a strong correlation between immunological markers and corona virus-19 infection, with 40 patients showing higher levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 antibodies, indicating a significant association between these markers.
Conclusions: the study found a significant association between coronavirus-19 infection patients and immunological markers, with high levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 antibodies in serum highly associated with coronavirus -19 incidence.
Formulas of preference according to Sheikh Rashid Al-Mawsili (d. 1400 AH) in his interpretation (The first thing said about the verses of revelation)
Authors: Al-Taie Shaima Sakr Hamid , Al-Faraji Prof. Dr. Othman Hussein Abdullah
Published: October 2024

The research dealt with the formulas of preference used by Sheikh Rashid Al-Mawsili (d. 1400 AH) in his interpretation (The first thing that was said about the verses of the revelation), from the beginning of Surat Al-Fatihah to the end of Surat Al-Nas, and these formulas and methods were varied and multiple between preference and weakness and others, and I divided them into explicit formulas and implicit formulas.
The research included an introduction, then a preface in which I talked about a biography of Sheikh Rashid Al-Mawsili, then three sections, the first section is about the meaning of preference, its importance and conditions, the second section: explicit formulas of preference with practical examples of them, the third section is about implicit formulas of preference with practical examples, then a conclusion that included the most important results that I reached in this research.
The Association of Overweight and Obesity With Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus At Al-Diwaniyah Province
Authors: Flek Noora Flayyih , Maatook Majid Abdulwahab , Hassan Aqeel Raheem
Published: October 2024

Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) represent a major concern for public health. and one of the main reasons for the global illness burden. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are still the main reason for mortality worldwide and are a major contributor to both health loss and excessive expenditures on healthcare.
Aim of study: to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among hypertensive or diabetic patients and identify the effect of these conditions on them. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study applied a convenient sample of 322 patients diagnosed with Hypertension or Type 2 diabetes, or both, who attended the Specialized Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology (SCDE) and Internal medicine consultant at Al-Diwaniyah province. An interview-based questionnaire is composed of several questions that have been gathered by researchers and assessed by a number of professionals. From the tenth of September to the beginning of February, the data was collected. Results: A total of 322 participants enrolled in this study, we found that the prevalence rate of obesity and overweight in groups of patients was 37.3% and 53.1%, respectively. There was a significant association between control of blood pressure in the diabetic group (p = 0.007), and there was a significant difference in mean age among the diabetes group, the hypertensive group, and the group with both diseases: 51.02 ±9.64 years, 50.58 ±12.06 years, and 54.14 ±9.97 years, respectively (p = 0.018). The difference in mean BMI among study groups was significant (p = 0.003); the highest mean BMI was seen in patients with both type 2 DM and hypertension, followed by the hypertension group, and the least mean BMI was noted in the diabetic group.  Conclusions: The prevalence rate of obesity was higher than that of overweight among study groups. Age and education level were important risk factors for the development of comorbidity among patients. people with hypertension and type 2 diabetes had the greatest mean BMI, followed by hypertension patients, while diabetic patients had the lowest mean BMI (p = 0.003). The study discovered a substantial inverse connection between HDL-C, triglyceride, serum creatinine, and cholesterol in hypertensive patients, while A favorable association was identified among VLDL-C “and” cholesterol, whereas in diabetic patients, there was a significant favorable relationship between “LDL-C,” “VLDL-C,” “cholesterol,” and “TG” and an inverse connection between “HDL-C,” cholesterol, and blood urea.
The Effect of Aerobic Endurance Exercises on Some Components of the Special Continuation
Authors: Muhammad Sadiq Youssef , Khader Muhammad Salem Abdel
Published: October 2024

The importance of the research lies in preparing exercises to determine the extent of the effect of aerobic endurance exercises on the components of the special continuation In order to advance the player to perfection In terms of physical fitness. As for the problem of the research, through the researcher’s practice of this game, he noticed a low level of special continuation among futsal players, in addition to the lack of interest. With aerobic endurance exercises, which are primarily a physiological characteristic, the thesis aimed to prepare aerobic endurance exercises in some components of the special continuation, as well as identifying the effect of aerobic endurance exercises on some components of the special continuation and skill among young futsal player.
The Potential Renoprotective Effect of Fedratinib in Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Male Rat Model
Authors: Hussein Furqan Hashim , Mosawi Najah R. Al
Published: October 2024

Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury (RIRI) is a serious condition that arises following kidney transplantation or other circumstances that result in decreased blood supply to the kidneys, these conditions cause a harm to the renal tissue. Gaining insight into the fundamental mechanisms of RIRI, including inflammation, cell death pathways, is essential for the development of successful therapeutic approaches.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of Fedratinib, a JAK2 inhibitor, in reducing RIRI in a rat model.
The study involved rats divided into four groups: Sham group, control group, vehicle group, and Fedratinib group. Rats underwent anaesthesia and midline incision to expose renal pedicles, with blood flow halted using microvascular clamps. The wound was stitched, and the animals were left for 90 minutes to allow reperfusion. Blood samples were collected from the heart apex to assess serum urea and creatinine, and renal slices were used for PCR to detect the jak2/stat3 pathway. The Elisa was used to evaluate TNF, IL-6, NF-κB, Bax, Bcl2, and HMGB levels.
Results: IL-6 and TNF-α, and HMGB1 were identified to have a role in the development of RIRI, inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 pathway by Fedratinib significantly decrease their concentration and minimizing RIRI. Suppression of JAK2/STAT3 pathway led to a significant inhibition in NF-κB and apoptosis.
Conclusion: Fedratinib has a potential preventive effect against RIRI through their activity as JAK2 inhibitor and inhibition of the following downstream inflammatory pathways.
Serological study of Crimean – Congo haemorrhagic fever in Sheep in Thi – Qar province
Authors: H. T Haneen , Ateya Hekmet k. , Abed Nabeel M.
Published: October 2024

Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) causes a lethal tick – borne zoonotic disease with severe clinical manifestation in humans but does not produce symptomatic disease in wild or domestic animals. It is endemic in a large region of the word. One of the main indicators that the disease is endemic in a region is the presence of antibodies specific to CCHFV in animal populations.  The factors contributing to differential outcomes of infection between species are not understood. Serological studies have shown sheep are important to the survival of CCHFV in nature. Nevertheless, need for more studies on this subject in Iraq.  Blood samples were taken from 200 sheep of different sex, variable age and physiological status. Only 100 samples used for physiological testes while 186 used for Microbiological test (ELISA) test. The present study was appeared a high level about (144)78.53% of positive carrier sheep while negative samples (42)21.46% in Thi – Qar province which include different regions such as Al-eakihah , Al- rifai  and Al- garma region which recorded about 92.85% , 90% and 90 % respectively   comparative with another region of thi qar province  that appear low level of infected  such as Al-fadhliya , Al-tar and  Al- manar which recorded about 75%, 50% and 60.71% respectively.  The current study focused on and attempted to connect the different physiological states, sex and age with infected animals. The male sex appears ahigh level of infected about 83.92% comparative with female was appeared low level of infected by CCHF virus about 74.61%,   while recorded high infected in non – pregnant about 75% comparative with pregnant about 73,80 . Also, the present study was showed ahigh level of infected in age from 5 to nine years about 82.4% comparative with another age ranges which appeared about 71.11, 78.50 %.
Breastfeeding Competency among Expectant Women
Authors: Ghaidan Orooba Hamid Abed , Noori Aysen Kamal Mohammed
Published: October 2024

Breast milk serves as a vital source of nutrition for infants during the initial six months of life, offering a comprehensive array of essential nutrients.Breast milk serves as the optimal source of nutrition for infants, contributing to enhanced health outcomes throughout their lifespan and offering significant advantages to both families and society as a whole. The advocacy for breastfeeding can lead to a rise in family income through the preservation of infants' growth and development, as well as aiding in the recovery of women following childbirth. Consequently, this could result in increased labor force participation and demographic benefits for society.Moreover, it can contribute to the reduction of family and social medical costs by lowering the likelihood of short-term and long-term illnesses in women and infants. Results:  The study results display that total effect of breastfeeding motivation on breastfeeding competency is .4419, p < 0.05. The direct effect of breastfeeding motivation on breastfeeding competency is .4608, p < 0.001. Conclusions: The student’s researcher concluded the following: The older the woman, the better the breastfeeding competency she exhibits. The better the socioeconomic status the family has, the better the breastfeeding competency the woman mirrors. The more perceived valuable breastfeeding to mothers and babies, the better the breastfeeding competency the woman reflects.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of a Novel Herbal Endodontic Irrigant Against Enterococcus Faecalis in Root Canals of Permanent Teeth: An in Vitro Study
Authors: Rashad Hadeel Riyadh , Haidar Aseel Haidar Al
Published: October 2024

Background: A successful endodontic treatment is aimed at the sterilization of the entire pulp space. The use of extracts from Rhamnus prinoides as a novel irrigating material for root canal has not been studied . Hence, the antimicrobial efficacy of the alcoholic extract of Rhamnus prinoides as an irrigation material against E. faecalis was evaluated in comparison with the 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCL) solution used for root canals of permanent teeth. Methods: A total of 30 single-rooted human permanent teeth were thoroughly cleaned, shaped, and disinfected. Then, each tooth was subjected to a two-week infection with Enterococcus faecalis at 37 °C . Afterward, the samples were divided into three groups (10 teeth per group): 0.9% normal saline, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, and 250 µg/ml Rhamnus prinoides. Paper points were used before and after irrigation to collect samples. Bacterial growth was evaluated after 24 h. Bacterial colonies were counted. The data were examined statistically via one-way analysis of variance, Dunnett’s T3 post hoc test, and Shapiro–Wilk test. The level of significance was set at p<0.05.  Results: The 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 250 µg/ml Rhamnus prinoides demonstrated higher effectiveness against biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis than normal saline (p<0.05). The percentage of antibacterial effectiveness were 94.094 ±3.342, 93.685 ±5.280, and 25.603 ±3.912. Conclusions: Rhamnus prinoides, when used as root canal irrigant solution, was effective the sodium hypochlorite against the E. faecalis biofilm.
A Study of Some Microbial and Chemical Contaminants in Packaged Mortadella Available in the Local Markets
Authors: Al –Musawi Adil Turki , Mohammed Sudad Jasim , Al -Fraji Aliaa Saadoon
Published: October 2024

Meat is one of the important sources of protein, as it is one of the basic nutrients that the body needs, and a lack of protein in the body can lead to malnutrition. Despite the importance of meat, it is also necessary to conduct studies to identify its contents of pollutants, whether microbial or chemical, to ensure safety In general, foodborne diseases are a major health problem facing not only the patient at risk, but also physicians, epidemiologists, food inspectors and laboratory microbiologists. The researchers studied the quality of imported beef mortadella rolls by collecting ten samples from local markets in The city of Baghdad and analyzed it microbiologically, and found that the levels of the total number of aerobic bacteria for samples of imported beef mortadella roll ranged between (1× 102-2.5× 106) CFU/g, while the level of the total number of coliform bacteria in the study samples was (1×101-  5× 104) CFU/g ,the levels of numbers of Staphylococcus spp. bacteria ranged from (1× 101 - 2.4× 103) CFU/g,some study samples varied in the total count of yeasts and molds (1× 102- 2.5× 103) CFU/g ,with significant differences P≤0.05, and all study samples were empty from Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli O104:H4, the results of this study showed the presence of metals Lead, Pb, and Cadmium, Cd, in all tested samples, at varying concentrations. The highest concentration of Lead was 0.0624 mg/kg and the lowest was 0.0371 mg/kg with significant differences P≤0.05, while the lowest concentration of Cadmium was 0.0102 mg/kg and the highest concentration of the same element was 0.0189 mg/kg.
The Impact of The Preventive Role of Star Anise on The Toxicity of Benzopyrene Compound in The Liver and Kidney Tissues and Biochemical Parameters in Male Rats
Authors: Saleh Eman Naji , Saeed Iktefa Abdul Hamid Mohammed , Latef Nedhal ibrahim
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study, conducted at the University of Anbar's College of Pure Science, evaluated the protective effects of star anise against benzopyrene (B[a]P)-induced liver and kidney damage in 30 male white Swiss rats (Sprague Dawley), aged 3-4 months and weighing between 170-210 g. Materials and methods:  The rats were divided into six groups: Control (G1), B[a]P (G2), Star Anise 125 mg/kg bw (G3), Star Anise 120 mg/kg bw + B[a]P (G4), Star Anise 125 mg/kg bw + B[a]P (G5), and Star Anise 130 mg/kg bw + B[a]P (G6). Results:Biochemical analyses showed that B[a]P exposure significantly elevated liver enzymes (ALP, AST, ALT, GGT) and kidney markers (uric acid, creatinine), indicating hepatic and renal damage. Treatment with star anise, especially 130 mg/kg bw significantly reversed these elevated levels because it protected against the injury. Histopathology showed that the liver and kidney were severely damaged in the B[a]P group and in the star-anise-treated group, normal tissue architecture was well preserved only in high doses of star anise treatment. Conclusion:These outcomes suggest the use of star anise as a hepatoprotective as well as a nephroprotective agent, and this needs to be further strengthened by understanding its mechanisms and long-term effectiveness.
The Influence of Metformin Versus Metformin and Myoinositol Combination on ‎Inflammatory Indicators In Iraqi Females With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Kurbat Noor Fadhel , Swadi Asma A.
Published: October 2024

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the greatest mutual hormonal imbalance illness in females of childbearing age. In modern years, trainings have shown that inflammatory progressions stay complicated in ovulation and production a key character in ovarian follicular dynamics. Insulin sensitizers for instance myo-inositol and metformin are probable management selections for PCOS. Objective: evaluate the properties of combined metformin and ‎myoinositol against metformin alone on inflammatory markers (hs-CRP and ‎IL-18) in PCOS women. Methods: The patients' PCOS diagnosis was made using the Rotterdam criteria. Two groups of patients were identified: group MI+M received myo-inositol and metformin, and group M received metformin. Biochemical assessment, patient compliance, and reported adverse effects were among the examinations conducted at baseline and three months later. ‏.  Results: The mean hs-CRP and IL-18 of the combination ‎and metformin groups before and after treatment are shown at baseline. After ‎treatment, the combination caused in a more important decrease in mean ‎hs-CRP and IL-18 than metformin.‎ Conclusion: This training unequivocally demonstrates the role myoinositol and metformin have in reducing inflammatory markers.Key: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Myoinositol, c-reactive protein, interleukin 18.
A Study of the Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Low Back Pain at a Single Center in Baghdad
Authors: Salman Khadija kamil , Hafidh Ali Hussein Al , M.A Shatha_Ahmed
Published: October 2024

Background: Low back pain is a prevalent and consequential problem in contemporary culture. In the early phases of their careers, many athletes who train particularly hard have considerable low back difficulties Aims of study is to enhance understanding and guide best management practices for those with or at risk of low back pain and to identify diverse aspects of clinical and epidemiological factors in Iraqis for low back pain. Patients and methods: A cohort of 440 individuals diagnosed with Low back pain (LBP)  from the rheumatology department at Baghdad Teaching Hospital-Medical City in Baghdad province were involved in the current cross-sectional investigation. The sample consisted of 180 men and 260 women, with an average age of 45.7±14.8 years. The research was carried out from 12/October/2023 to 12 /March/2024. Results: All individuals in this study had LBP. The means age was 45 for the group of patients under consideration. 7 ± 14. 8 years. LBP had the highest incidence in the middle-aged (40-59 years 23%) and the lowest was recorded for the aged above 70 years (7. 5%). Females accounted for 59. 1% of the participants. Most of them; a percentage equivalent to 75. 5% were married. Approximately a third or 30% were employed while, 70.9% of the respondents were jobless. 6 % were overweight people and 77 % were non smokers in the study group. The mean age at the first complaint, visit and diagnosis of the disease were 43. 0 ± 14. 0 years (range: 11–75), 43. 3 ± 14. 2 years (range: McGregor observed that 11% to 78% of patients had some degree of in Continuation of Disturbances: Symptoms, defective vision, and 43. 5 ± 14. 2 years (range: 14–78),respectively. Intervertebral disc prolapse was the most frequent diagnosis among the patients with LBP (49. 8%), while infections were the least frequent (0. 2%). In the following aspects of the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Scores, majority participated as follows; 44. 3% with fairly severe pain intensity, 42% who require some help with personal care but mostly manage with it, 39. 5% who lift heavy weights but manage light to medium weights, 34. 1% who are prevented from walking more than 100 yards by their pain, 37. 5 The Analyzed Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Score mean was 22. 22 ± 7. 26. Conclusion: LPB has a higher frequency among the female population
Hydroxychloroquine-Mediated Autophagy Inhibition Shifts Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Toward Immunogenic Phenotype In Vitro
Authors: Alsaeedi Dhulfiqar , Bonyadi Mortaza , Baradaran Behzad
Published: October 2024

Dendritic cells (DCs) are recognized as the most potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and act as intermediaries between the innate and adaptive immune systems. The maturation and function of DCs are significantly influenced by autophagy. Hence, the current research evaluated the effect of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), an autophagy inhibitor, on the maturation and activation of monocyte-derived DCs. Monocytes were cultured and induced to differentiate into monocyte-derived DCs by the addition of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) cytokines. After five days, the immature DCs were exposed to HCQ and Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), followed by a 24-hour incubation period. On the sixth day, the flow cytometry technique was employed to assess the impact of HCQ on the phenotypic characteristics of the DCs. Finally, the expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory genes in the HCQ-treated and untreated DCs groups was examined using the real-time PCR method.  DCs that were subjected to treatment with HCQ exhibited a notable augmentation in the expression of CD11c, CD86, and HLA-DR, which are markers associated with maturation and antigen presentation. Furthermore, the DCs treated with HCQ demonstrated a significant reduction in the expression of IL-10, TGF-β, and IDO genes, while displaying an increase in the expression of TNF-α and IL-12 when compared to the control group. These findings indicate that targeting autophagy can induce a shift in DCs towards an immunogenic state. However, further investigations are necessary to assess the impact of HCQ-treated DCs on T cell responses both in vitro and in vivo in tumor-bearing animal models.
Experimental and DFT Study of Structural And Electronic Properties of Polyfuran@nanoCuO Hybrid Polymer
Authors: AL-Bawi Zainab Fadhil Jawad , Al-Morshidy Kassim Abdulla Hamza , Hussian Raflaa SH
Published: October 2024

Background: Leishmania donovani is a form of internal parasite that belongs to the genus Leishmania and is the type of hemo-flagellate kinetoplastid that causes leishmaniasis. Objective: the present study investigated the effects of inoculation with L. donovani on the morphology of the ileum in mice. Methods: BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with L.donovani(3 animals/ 4group). After 1,2,3 month, the ilea were collected and histologically processed. CONCLUSIONS: Donovani Is Induced Histological Change In Ileum Section After The First Month Infection.
A Systematic Review of Primary Healthcare Services: Evaluating Differences and Similarities Between Developed and Developing Nations
Authors: Anwar Alrashed MD  , Mohamed Hany Ramadan
Published: October 2024

Background: Primary healthcare (PHC) systems play a critical role in ensuring equitable and effective healthcare delivery. However, significant disparities exist in the scope and performance of PHC services between developed and developing countries. Understanding these differences is crucial for improving global health outcomes.
Objective: This systematic review aims to compare the scope and effectiveness of primary healthcare services across developed and developing countries. It seeks to identify key differences in healthcare delivery, system performance, and governance structures and provide insights into enhancing PHC services.
Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of electronic databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus, and explored grey literature and reports from relevant organizations. Studies were selected based on their comparative data on PHC services in developed and developing countries, published in peer-reviewed journals or reputable sources. Data were extracted on study characteristics, population details, and key outcomes related to service delivery and system performance. Quality assessment was performed using appropriate tools for different study designs.
Results: The review identified significant variations in PHC service scope and effectiveness between developed and developing countries. Key findings include differences in healthcare delivery models, governance structures, and system performance metrics. The review highlights both strengths and challenges in various contexts, providing a comparative overview of PHC services.
Conclusions: The findings emphasize the need for context-specific strategies to improve PHC services. Recommendations include enhancing coordination and governance, addressing gaps in accountability and transparency, and focusing on scalable interventions. This review provides valuable insights for policymakers and health system planners aiming to optimize PHC services globally.
Risk Factors Associated With COVID-19 Infection Among Schools’ Children in Basrah City / Iraq
Authors: Al-Dalfi Mortadha Hameed Kreeb , Al. Ibraheem Shrouk Abdulrazak Hassan
Published: October 2024

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has been the most important global issue since December 2019. has led to overloading of health systems all over the world. Objective: The study aims to identify the risk factors associated with COVID-19 infection among schools’ children in Basrah city / Iraq. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out by using a pre-tested applied structured questionnaire among 1980 children. This sample was distributed throughout fifteen schools were selected using simple random sampling techniques.  Finally, a simple random sampling method was used to select study participants. conducted from March1st, 2022, to May 1st, 2024. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the data collection and analysis process. Results: The findings showed the distribution of participants according to Corona infection: The children included in the study suffered from Corona infection at a rate of 27.2%. 60.3% do not have Corona infection, and 12.5% answered “possibly infection.” The children at risk of contracting Corona infection were under 18 years of age and had middle school as an educational level respectively, 81.9% and 51.8%. They suffered from chronic diseases and also suffered from an allergy to the vaccine: 34.8% and 27%. They received the Corona vaccine type Pfizer, respectively, 37.9% and 36.3%. They had symptoms similar to the disease when taking the vaccine, 22.6%, and they used sterilization to sterilize hands, 42.8%. Also, 31.1% of them always avoid touching their noses and eyes with unwashed hands, 27.8% always maintain a social distance of no less than two meters, and 45.8% avoid shaking hands, hugging, and kissing during greetings. Conclusions: This study concludes that among the risk factors studied, there was a relationship between these factors and the Corona infection in children.
Expression of Mgp in Calcification Leiomyoma uterus in postmenopausal women
Authors: Gharibawi Ekram Saad Abd Al Hussein Al , Al-Badri Ahmed Mahdi Saleh , Nussrat Faris Lutfi
Published: October 2024

The Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is an extracellular polypeptide that can inhibit calcification in tissues that express Mgp molecules. An analysis employing histology and immunohistochemistry unveiled the general architecture and detected calcification within the fibroid. The study included gathering twelve samples after confirming through histological examination that the samples were affected by fibroid cysts. Each of these specimens was conserved in a 10% formalin solution. A histological examination was performed using two dyes, hematoxylin and eosin, to demonstrate the general histological organization. The Van Kossa stain was employed to detect the buildup of calcium anions in the tissue. Moreover, the immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the elevated expression of Mgp in the myofibers of leiomyoma-affected myometrium tissue.
The Importance of Brand in Medical Tourism
Authors: Zbyněk Stavař  , Ivan Tomek
Published: October 2024

Medical tourism, which is becoming more popular every year, represents a significant segment of global tourism. This trend is driven not only by the growing number of patients seeking better, faster, or more affordable healthcare but also by increasing globalisation and the greater availability of information. In the context of the Czech Republic, where the number of international patients has significantly increased over the last decade, it is essential to understand the role that the brand image of healthcare facilities plays in the decision-making process of these patients. Based on the research conducted, it can be concluded that the key factors influencing the choice of a healthcare facility are the quality of services, safety, and modern equipment. Price and speed of service also play an important role, with patients particularly appreciating a good value-for-money ratio. The importance of communication and customer service is also evident, as effective and high-quality communication can significantly strengthen the brand image and patient trust. The research results suggest that although word-of-mouth and personal recommendations are important, their effect is not statistically significantly greater than that of the marketing communication of a given healthcare facility. This indicates that it is important for healthcare providers to address both forms of communication equally. In conclusion, it can be said that a strong brand image of a healthcare facility, built on quality, safety, and effective communication, plays a key role in attracting foreign patients as part of medical tourism. Healthcare providers should actively develop these factors to be able to compete in the ever-growing medical tourism market.
The Morphological Identification and Biodiversity of Earthworms in Babylon Province-Iraq
Authors: Issa Zainab Imran , Alquraishi Maher Ali , AL-Yasari Wameedh A.K
Published: October 2024

The present study is passing through the city of Babylon–Iraq during the period from Autumn 2023 to Spring 2024. Three stations representing various habitats were chosen for sampling. Our study involve the morphological identification of Earthworms and confirm the identification of nine species (Aporrectodea tuberculata, Aporrectodea rosea, Aporrectodea caliginosa, Amynthas grasilis, Dendrobaena platyura, Hormogaster redii, Lumbricus terrestris, Lumbricus rubellus and Polytoreutus finni). As well as measured some physiochemical parameters such as soil temperature ranged between (17.3-25.83C°), pH (5.66-7.06), Electrical conductivity (420-787.67µs/cm), Total Dissolved Solids (333.66-683.66 mg/L), Moisture content (5.22-9.24 %) and soil texture were Sandy clay in all stations. In order to get insight into the overall ecosystem health, various biodiversity indices were utilized such as Shannon-Wainer Index ranged between (1.26-2.75) and Simpson Index (0.15-0.59) to evaluate the basic Earthworms community structure, species distribution, and interactions. The study also demonstrates a significant relationship between species distribution and the environmental factors.
A Systematic Review of Pharmacological Interventions for Chronic Pain Management
Authors: Turkistani Areej Ahmed
Published: October 2024

Estimates suggest that around 1.5 billion people worldwide suffer from chronic pain, exacerbated by aging demographics. Chronic conditions are linked to additional health issues and reduced quality of life, highlighting the importance of effective treatments. Our study reviewed current pharmacological interventions for chronic pain management using databases like CNKI, CBM, and Embase. Meta-analysis indicated significant pain reduction with compound analgesics compared to opioids, non-opioids, and placebos. Results suggest high efficacy in treating nociplastic, neuropathic, and nociceptive pain. Chronic pain is a significant public health issue requiring effective pharmacological treatments with better side-effect profiles to enhance therapeutic recommendations. A systematic understanding of pain prevalence among healthcare providers, policymakers, and researchers is crucial for addressing socioeconomic factors that aggravate the issue.
Determined Transglutaminase 1 Activity in Blood Serum for Brain Cancer Patients and Healthy People
Authors: Ibrahim Ahlam Saeed , Rashed Sukayna Hussain
Published: October 2024

Cancer is defined as a group of abnormal cells that grow and spread unusually, and sometimes their proliferation cannot be controlled. These tumours are usually called cancer. Cancer may affect damaged parts of the body, including the brain. This study focused on the activity of transglutaminase 1 enzyme in the blood serum of brain cancer patients and then compared it with the control group. The study also included the effect of age, gender, body mass index, and glucose on the transglutaminase 1 enzyme in the blood serum of patients with brain cancer. The study sample consisted of 45 samples of brain cancer patients, (45) samples as a control group. The results of this study showed a significant decrease in the activity of transglutaminase 1 in brain cancer patients (902.66 ± 14.27 ng/L) compared to the control group (1594.66 ± 32.95 ng/L). Gender and age also impact the enzyme; in the control group only, males had lower enzyme activity than females, and the enzyme's activity decreased with age in both groups (brain cancer patients and controls).  The findings also demonstrate that there was a discernible difference in the serum glucose concentration of brain cancer patients when compared to the control group, although it was still within normal allowable limits, and that there was a decrease in the enzyme's activity with an increase in body mass index values in both the patient and control groups. The investigation of transglutaminase 1 is a useful marker for identifying brain cancer and can be utilized in early diagnosis.