bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overview of known locomotive systems of computer vision and their improvement by provision of dynamic lighting of track
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Frolov Nikolay Olegovich , Elkin Evgeniy Mikhaylovich ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT)
Published: March 2023

The authors have made an overview of known locomotive systems of computer vision and have presented results of analysis of scientific works dedicated to such systems. They have determined and described limiting parameters of locomotive systems of computer vision, namely the factor of illumination intensity that directly affects the quality of detecting objects of interest. As a result, the paper suggests a method for provision of dynamic lighting for locomotive systems of computer vision that provides more detailed information about objects of interest in curves and in conditions of limited visibility.
Increase of efficiency of insulation diagnostics for high-voltage bushing of three-phase transformers
Authors:   Omsk State Transport University (OSTU), Kuznetsov Andrey Albertovich , Kharlamov Viktor Vasilyevich ,   Omsk State Transport University (OSTU), Volchanina Mariya Andreevna ,   Omsk State Transport University (OSTU)
Published: March 2023

The paper considers technical means of methods for diagnostics of insulation of high-voltage bushing for power transformers. It also points out advantages and disadvantages of existing methods and proposes a new solution for contactless diagnostics on the basis of measurement of electric field parameters near the surface of bushing. For control of technical condition of power transformers bushing the authors have developed a scheme for placement of elements of portable diagnostics device. A defect in the insulator leads to redistribution of electric potentials on capacitive elements of the high-voltage bushing and to change of electric field intensity around the fault bushing. The proposed design allows fast mounting of device on the power transformer body without its shutdown and revealing of fault bushing according to change of field intensity (sensors of electric field are located near bushing). The developed method for diagnostics of condition of power transformers bushing based on analysis of data of electric field distribution allows determining technical condition of bushing in operation conditions.
Travelling as a category of the philosophy of transport
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Pyanih E. P.
Published: March 2023

This article deals with the challenge of travel as a category of the philosophy of transport in the unity of its ontological, epistemological, social and existential characteristics. Travel has its own ontology: this is a kind of beingness, defined as being-on-the-move. A trip becomes a travel through the reflection of an individual going on the trip. Travel has epistemological potential, it activates the cognitive activity of a person, creates new meanings and value paradigms. Travel is a social value as a means of transforming habitual social roles, destroying stereotypes, educating the ability to dialogue and tolerance towards the Otherness. The travel is not only a cross border process, but rather a transcultural one. The purpose, meaning, and result of a travel may be not just the change of a cultural picture, but of the entire cultural paradigm. Railways, being a purely technical phenomenon, have a well-known metaphysics which determines the existential transformations of the travelers. A railway line going beyond the horizon symbolizes a kind of existential infinity, limitlessness and vagueness. A travel is a kind of act of «communion» to this infiniteness, creates a sense of timelessness, while at the same time maintaining a sense of finitude, a blind end. The railway is a metaphor for a life’s journey, which has original and destination stations, and the train is an allegory of moving along it. A railway station is a metaphysical point of return/no return, separating life, people and actions. The railway and the travelling along it link together the beginning and the end, finitude and infiniteness, certainty and uncertainty, motion and immobility.
Modeling the choice and satisfaction of passengers on multimodal routes
Authors:   Ural Federal University (UrFU), Vikharev S. V.
Published: March 2023

Passengers (especially in large cities) choose different modes of transport to travel along the same route. This is facilitated by the development of the road network (RN), the construction of transport hubs. There arises the problem of modeling the choice of routes and modes of transport for passengers to travel, taking into account transfers and changes of personal and public transport during trips. The solution of this problem is necessary for the purposes of designing route networks, plans for the development of the transport system and managing the load on the road infrastructure. A mathematical model of the choice of the mode of transport by passengers depending on the quality of the route, personal satisfaction and personal experience of the passenger, as well as the satisfaction of neighbors is proposed in [1-4]. However, this model considered only direct transportation from source point A to drain point B and could not take into account transportation by various modes of transport with transfers. This paper presents a new mathematical model that takes into account the multimodality of routes, as well as availability of several sources and drains, which will allow passengers to simulate the choice of modes of transport in individual districts or cities. The developed model makes it possible to simulate the choice and determine the level of passenger satisfaction on a new route network or assess the impact of changes on the existing one, since reinforcement learning methods are used instead of statistical analysis.
Approaches to determining the geometry coefficient of network organizational structures
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Gorelov Yu. V. , Tkacheva T. N. ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT)
Published: March 2023

The article analyzes the methods of determining the geometry coefficient in network organizational structures and offers its own ways of calculating it. The geometry coefficient is presented as an integral indicator which consolidates the coefficients of filling orbits, connectivity and criticality of connections. The orbit filling coefficient characterizes the organizational network through the reserve production capacities realized by the enterprises of the organizational network in the free market. The connectivity coefficient characterizes excess mileage, transport load, fuel consumption and the remoteness of organizational network elements from the integrator. The coefficient of criticality of connections characterizes the organizational network through availability of subsuppliers in the elements belonging to the first from the integrator orbit of the network structure. The developed methodology for determining the organizational network geometry coefficient makes it possible to evaluate the work of the network from the side of geometric indicators. The existing methods of determining the coefficient in network organizational structures are also analyzed. The disadvantages and features of calculating the geometric characteristics of organizational networks are revealed. The author’s methods for determining the indicators included in the coefficient of the geometry of network structures are proposed. The geometry coefficient is presented as an integral indicator that consolidates the filling coefficients of orbits, connectivity and criticality of connections. The orbit filling coefficient characterizes the organizational network through the reserve production capacities realized by the enterprises of the organizational network in the free market. The greater the volume of reserve production capacities possessed by enterprises of the first orbit integrator, the greater the filling of the organizational network as a whole. The connectivity coefficient characterizes excess mileage, transport load, fuel consumption and the remoteness of organizational network elements from the integrator. The coefficient of criticality of connections characterizes the organizational network through availability of subsuppliers in the elements belonging to the first from the integrator orbit of the network structure. The developed methodology for determining the organizational network geometry coefficient allows us to evaluate the work of the network from the geometric haracteristics side. The methodology can be applied when forming a network organizational structure and quantifying its elements.
Alternative export-import directions through the International North – South Transport Corridor under conditions of the economic sanctions
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrov M. B. , Khazin M. L. ,   Ural State Mining University, Krichker D. R. ,   Ural State Agricultural University
Published: March 2023

Due to economic anti-Russian sanctions, there is a large-scale reorientation of European and Baltic routes to the east (with a sharp increase in the load on the eastern polygon of Russian railways) and the role of the North - South transport and logistics corridor being formed is being revised. Such corridors modernize global logistics, especially with regard to transportation of raw materials, energy, semi-finished products and food products. The development of all routes of the North - South corridor will provide direct access to the producers of goods of export-oriented industries of the Eurasian Economic Union to the growing markets of Iran, Pakistan, India, the Middle East and East Africa. The article provides the overview and analysis of economic and logistical advantages of new routes tending to the International transport corridor «North - South» (ITC NS), to substantiate new trends in macro-statistics of export-oriented logistics flows of specialized products of the Urals and Siberia industries. The development of new directions for the export of raw materials and finished products in combination with modern logistics technologies will allow exporters of the Urals and Siberia to increase export volumes and its profitability, neutralize the negative impact of anti-Russian economic sanctions. The Kazakhstan - Turkmenistan - Iran route with the possibility of further transportation of products to Pakistan and India through the Chabahar port under construction and the existing ports of Bandar Abbas and Gwadar will be especially promising for Ural and West Siberian exporters of mineral raw materials and finished products.
An integrated approach to the development of transport systems of the RF areas being reclaimed
Authors:   LLC “Perspektiva-M”, Tarasov Pyotr I. , Furzikov Vitaly V. ,   “Ural Diesel Engine Plant” LLC
Published: March 2023

The development of new areas is directly related to organization of the transport system. An integrated approach covers all aspects of the creation of the transport system in the life cycle, concerning people, transport, infrastructure, processes occurring in the system which comply with its requirements. Application of the integrated approach to organization of the transport system will reduce the time for reclamation of the new areas.
Rail frame as a basis for the development of agglomeration projects
Authors:   Ural Logistics Association, Zhuravskaya Marina A. , Smorodintseva Elena E. ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT)
Published: March 2023

The article continues a series of studies by the authors on urban public transport, its integration into urban spaces, and the formation of a friendly transport environment in agglomerations. Particular emphasis is placed on the rail frame as the basis for the development of modern agglomerations. For the construction of the rail frame, the boundaries of the urban agglomeration of Yekaterinburg are marked. The experience of Russian cities in the formation of rail frames and their influence on the change in the quality of life of the population is studied. The current transport situation in Yekaterinburg is analyzed, potential projects for integrating surface metro ring routes into it are considered. An integrated approach to the implementation of the Ground Metro and Dry Port projects is proposed. The role of the rail frame for the Great Ural Agglomeration project is shown.
Aerodynamic optimization of high-speed unimobile of string transport by Unitsky
Authors:   Unitsky String Technologies, Inc., Unitsky Anatoli E. , Artyushevsky Sergey V. ,   Unitsky String Technologies, Inc., Goncharov Vladimir V. ,   Unitsky String Technologies, Inc., Tsyrlin Michael I. ,   Unitsky String Technologies, Inc.
Published: March 2023

The paper describes technical solutions aimed at improving the aerodynamics of vehicles; the engineering specifics of high-speed models of the vehicles of the string transport by Unitsky (uST), their advantages in aerodynamics and ergonomics are presented; the design of unimobile (steel wheeled electric rail car) is proposed, which ensures the configuration of the wheeled vehicle of uST with advanced aerodynamic characteristics and having improved dynamic stability; the methods of analysis of optimal dimensions of the main elements of the unimobile are indicated. The presented data were proven by the results of aerodynamic tests. The results of the research constitute the foundation for the elaboration of the high-speed unimobile - uniflash.
Construction of the railway roadbed in complicated engineering and geological environment using «PRUDON-494» geocells
Authors:   Russian University of Transport (RUT-MIIT), Zaitsev Andrey A. , Artyushenko Igor A. ,   Russian University of Transport (RUT-MIIT)
Published: March 2023

The article deals with the construction of the railway roadbed in complicated engineering and geological environment using the PRUDON-494 geocells. In order to ensure stability and sustainability of the soil base of the structure on sections of the Northern latitudinal course of the new railway line Ob - Salekhard, the authors proposed to strengthen the soil base with vertical columns of crushed stone mixed with flexible grillage, based on the “PRUDON-494” geocells.
Analysis of operation of catenary system wire tension of compensation devices
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Kovalev Alexey A. , Maksimov Andrey A. ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT)
Published: March 2023

The authors consider various devices for compensating catenary system wires which are operated on the sections of the Russian Federation railways. The main factors affecting the operation of compensators are highlighted. The analysis of the operation of a DFCB type brake designed for use in the mechanism of a drum compensator is carried out. Specialists of the USURT scientific research laboratory ““SAPR Contact Network” conducted a research to study the operation of the compensation device with a built-in DFCB type brake under real conditions, as well as under conditions of measures to prevent ice formation on the wires of the catenary system. Based on the work carried out, conclusions were drawn regarding the expediency of using the device.
Ekonomik Krizin Temel Gıda Ürünlerinde Fiyat Duyarlılığı-Seviyesi -Adaleti-Bilinci, Marka Sadakati ve Marka Güveni Üzerindeki Etkisi (Impact of Economic Crises on the Basic Food Products on Price Sensivitiy–Levels–Fairness–Awereness, Brand Loyalty,and Brand Trust)
Authors: Önen Vahap
Published: March 2023

Amaç-Ekonomik kriz dönemlerinde tüketicilerin çoğunlukla harcamalarını azalttıkları, zorunlu ihtiyaçlara öncelik verdikleri, ödedikleri para için daha dikkatli oldukları, markalarına olan sadakatin ve güvenin düştüğü çeşitli araştırmalarda belirtilmektedir. Üllkemizin 2018 yılı itibariyle bulunduğu ekonomik ortamın üketiclerin temel gıda ürünleri açısından fiyat duyarlığı, fiyat seviyesi, fiyat adaleti, fiyat bilinci algısını ne şekilde etkilediğinin belirlenmesi bu etkilerin temel gıda ihtiyaçları kapsamında tüketcilerin markalarına yönelik sadakati ve güveni üzerindeki etkisinin ortaya çıkarılması bu araştırmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır. Tasarım/Yöntem/Yaklaşım-Mecvut amaç kapsamında ileri sürülen ilişkilerin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapısal yol modeli kurulmuş ve ilgili hipotezleri geliştirilmiştir. Araştırma Türkiye’de yaşayan, yaşı 18’den büyük, temel gıda alışverişi yapan kütle üzerinden gerçekleştirilmiş olup çalışmada kolayda örnekleme uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak çevrimiçi anket yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada 5’li Likert Type kapsamında 7 adet ölçek kullanılmıştır. Araştırma çerçevesinde ileri sürülen hipotezleri test etmek amacıyla analiz kapsamında SmartPLS 3.2 programı kullanılmıştır. Oluşturulan modelin iç tutarlılık güvenirliliği, birleşme geçerliliği, ayrışma geçerlilikleri, faktör yükleri, ilişki değerleri, yol katsayıları, modelin tahmin gücü ve demografik değişkenlerin modele etkisi analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular-Yapılan çalışma sonucunda ekonomik krizin temel gıda ürünlerinde fiyat adaletini, fiyat seviyesini, fiyat bilincini, fiyat duyarlılığını, marka sadakatini ve güvenini anlamlı bir şekilde etkilediği görülerek modelde öne sürülen tüm hipotezler desteklenmiştir. Temel gıda ürünlerinde; ekonomik ortam bozuldukça, tüketiclerin fiyata olan duyarlılığın, fiyat seviyesinin, fiyat adaleti arayışının, fiyat farkındalığının arttığı görülmüştür. Araştırma modelinin fiyat adaleti,fiyat duyarlılığı, fiyat bilinci, fiyat seviyesi, marka güveni ve marka sadakati değişkenlerini tahmin gücü olduğu görülmüş olup ayrıca; demografik değişkenlerin de modeli anlamlı bir şekilde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir.Tartışma-Tüketiceler yönünden, ekonomik kriz ortamı öne sürülen fiyat unsurlarını önemli ölçüde olumsuz etkilemekle birlikte, temel gıda ürünlerinde beklenenin aksine bu çalışmada marka sadakati ve marka güveninin çok fazla olumsuz etkilenmediği görülmüştür. Pazarlamacılar bu sonuca dikkat etmelidirler, çünkü bu sonuçlar müşteri terchlerinin orta ve uzun vadede bu şekilde devam edeceğini göstermeyebilir ve uzun dönemde işletmelerin marka sadakati ve marka güvenini zedeleyebilir. Türk kökenli tüketiclerin temel gıda ürünlerine yönelik marka bağlılığı ve güveninin diğer tip ürünlere göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığı ayrıca araştırılmalıdır.
Methodological principles of a two-level classification of categories of social upbringing
Authors: Aksyutina Z. A.
Published: March 2023

Introduction. Pedagogy of social education is a new branch of pedagogy, therefore its categorical and terminological apparatus is characterized by unformedness and undevelopedness. The presence of a categorical and terminological apparatus ensures the fundamentality and solidity of science, which requires its development. A correct and scientifically substantiated categorical and terminological apparatus of social education will contribute to the further concretized and objectified search for scientific knowledge about social education.Purpose setting. The theoretical analysis of publications indicates that systematic studies on the terminological content of pedagogy are isolated, and are more related to the historical aspects of the development of pedagogy in the analysis of individual categories/concepts, and not with its current state. It is revealed that the research of pedagogical categories and concepts is actively conducted in new branches of pedagogical science. Systematic studies of the categorical and terminological apparatus of social education are not carried out either in Russia or abroad. The purpose of the article is to search and analyze the classification of categories of social education.Methodology and methods of the study. The study used theoretical research methods: analysis, synthesis, systematization, comparison, and classification method.Results. A two-level classification of the scientific categories of social education has been developed, which includes categories of the first and second order.Conclusion. Categories of the first order created by means of mechanisms for the formation of categories of classification and include a key category, synthesized, integrated and additional categories. Categories of the second order are formed according to the criterion of the basic assignment of categories. Classification of categories of the second order includes the base category, system and process categories.
Potential of hikes in the educational process in the conditions of (post)pandemic and total digitalization
Authors: Golubchikov Yu. N.
Published: March 2023

Introduction. The total use of digital technology leads in the long term to the opposition of educational and pedagogic processes. Their union is thought through the creation of institutional conditions to support learning in the form of hiking and travel.Purpose setting. The goal of the research is to identify the importance of local lore and tourism in the educational space and their capacity in the (post) pandemic. It is assumed that this is facilitated by the assertion of the priority of health in the mass consciousness and the release of people from mass labor.Methodology and methods of the study. On the basis of the content analysis of the literature the strengthening of the importance of tourism in the conditions of the pandemic and the dominance of information technology is deduced.Results. Learning in the form of hiking and travel is not separated from life and makes with it a whole. Personal qualities, attitudes, and values are manifested in the hike. The task of the teacher in such conditions is to «teach how to live». Outdoor education takes different forms in different countries; it is the most common type of situational learning among Scandinavian youth. Outdoor education during the pandemic takes on a special importance. It sterilizes all infections and strengthens immunity. In a pandemic, it is a good time to realize the healing value of beautiful landscapes. Fostering a love for native country and its beauty is also the way to make people healthier and improve their quality of life. Learning through camping and travel allows to overcome the division of geographic education into physical and economic geography. Tourism geography as a science of axiological (value) and educational and recreational resources of the geographical environment is considered.Conclusion. Tourism and local history serve as an effective means of filling students with exactly the knowledge that will be useful in life and should constitute the most important part of the educational process.
Acute Appendicitis Associated With COVID-19 Managed With Individualized Classical Homeopathy: A Case Report
Authors: Dhamodar Pooja , Esra Elif , Mahesh Seema , Mallappa Mahesh , Vithoulkas George
Published: March 2023

Acute appendicitis is the most common surgical emergency worldwide with peak incidence in the age range of 10 – 19 years, and the standard treatment procedure is the surgical removal of the appendix to avoid complications such as its rupture, peritonitis, and sepsis. The COVID-19 pandemic required the global population to stay indoors to stop the spread of virus, which led to a decline in the number of patients visiting the hospital for non- COVID -19 related emergencies. This is a case of a 9-year-old girl who tested positive for COVID -19 and developed acute appendicitis and benefited from individualised classical homeopathy. Further scientific investigation is necessary to establish the relevance of individualised classical homeopathy in treating serious acute conditions such as acute appendicitis.
Mapping Malaria Vectors in West Africa: Drone Imagery and Deep-Learning Analysis for Targeted Vector Surveillance
Authors: Trujillano Fedra , Jimenez Garay Gabriel , Alatrista-Salas Hugo , Byrne Isabel , Nunez-del-Prado Miguel , Chan Kallista , Manrique Edgar , Johnson Emilia , Apollinaire Nombre , Kouame Kouakou Pierre , Oumbouke Welbeck A. , Tiono Alfred B. , Guelbeogo Moussa W. , Lines Jo , Carrasco-Escobar Gabriel , Fornace Kimberly
Published: March 2023

Disease control programs need to identify breeding sites of mosquitoes which transmit malaria and other diseases to target interventions and identify environmental risk factors. Increasing availability of very high resolution drone data provides new opportunities to find and characterize these vector breeding sites. Within this study, we identified land cover types associated with malaria vector breeding sites in West Africa. Drone images from two malaria endemic regions in Burkina Faso and Côte d’Ivoire were assembled and labeled using open-source tools. We developed and applied a workflow using region of interest-based and deep learning methods to classify these habitat types from very high resolution natural color imagery. Analysis methods achieved a dice coefficient ranging between 0.68 and 0.88 for different vector habitat types; however, this classifier consistently identified the presence of specific habitat types of interest. This establishes a framework for developing deep learning approaches to identify vector breeding sites and highlights the need to evaluate how results will be used by control programs.
Cyber-attacks in Cyber Physical Microgrid Systems : A comprehensive Review
Authors: Suprabhath Koduru Sriranga , Machina Venkata siva Prasad , Madichetty Sreedhar
Published: March 2023

Importance and need for cyber security have increased in folds since a decade. Indirectly, the country’s security depends on the country’s cyber-physical systems. Attackers are becoming more innovative, and attacks are becoming undetectable, causing huge risks to the systems. In this scenario, intelligent and evolving detection methods should be introduced to replace the basic and outworn ones. This article discusses about new-age intelligence and smart techniques dealing with artificial intelligence (AI) models. Artificial intelligence for cyber security is reviewed, and the performance of machine learning models (ML) and deep learning (DL) models are analysed.
Faydacılığın ve Deontolojinin Ötesinde: Hayvan Etiği İçin İhtimam-Temelli Bir Çerçeve
Authors: ÇEKEM Karun
Published: March 2023

Akademik bir disiplin olarak çağdaş hayvan etiği, ortaya çıktığı 1970’lerden bu yana ağırlıklı olarak faydacı ve deontolojik/hak-temelli yaklaşımların egemenliği altında olmuştur. Ne var ki bu yaklaşımlar hayvanlara muamelemizdeki problemleri adil bir şekilde çözmekteki yetersizlikleri nedeniyle pek çokları tarafından da eleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, feminist ihtimam etiği geleneğinden gelen belirli bir eleştiriye odaklanacak ve faydacı ve deontolojik yaklaşımlar arasındaki kayda değer benzerlikleri ve bu yaklaşımların problemlerini feminist bir bakış açısıyla değerlendireceğim. Görünüşte karşıt olan bu iki yaklaşım arasındaki ortak nitelikleri ise şöyle sıralayacağım: 1) duyguları ahlaki yargılarımızın dışında bırakmakta ısrar etme, 2) hayvanlarla olan ilişkilerimizi temelde bir çatışma ilişkisi olarak düşünme ve bunun sonucunda da hayvanlara karşı salt negatif ödevlerimize yoğunlaşma, 3) hayvanlara karşı ödevlerimizi onlarla ortak olarak taşıdığımız niteliklerde temellendirme ve 4) bağlamsallıktan ziyade evrensel, soyut ahlaki ilkeleri tercih etme. Çalışmamda bu nitelikleri sırasıyla ihtimam-temelli alternatiflerle kıyaslayacak ve hayvan etiğinde ihtimam-temelli bir yaklaşımın hayvan etiğindeki problemlerimize ne bakımlardan daha tatminkâr sonuçlar önerdiğini göstermeye çalışacağım.
Anatomical and Functional Outcomes after Endoresection and Adjuvant Ruthenium Brachytherapy for Uveal Melanoma: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Mazzini Cinzia , Vicini Giulio , Leo Laura Di , Massi Daniela , Rizzo Stanislao , Giansanti Fabrizio
Published: March 2023

Purpose: To evaluate the anatomical and functional outcomes of endoresection and adjuvant ruthenium (Ru)-106 brachytherapy for uveal melanoma (UM).
Methods: Retrospective case series of 15 UM patients (15 eyes) treated at our center (Careggi University Hospital, Florence).
Results: Six patients (40%) were male and nine were female (60%). The mean age of patients at the time of treatment was 61.6 years (±19.41). The mean BCVA at baseline was 20/50. In all cases UM originated from the choroid. The mean tumor thickness at baseline was 7.14 mm (±2.05), and the mean largest basal diameter was 11.2 mm (±1.92). A concurrent retinal detachment was diagnosed in 11 patients (73.3%). Two patients (13.3%) showed vitreous seeding at baseline. Eleven patients (73.3%) were treated with primary endoresection, while four patients (26.7%) were treated with a “salvage endoresection” after primary treatment failure (previous radiation treatment). The mean follow-up time was 28.9 months (±10.6). Thirteen out of fifteen patients were alive and showed no evidence of local recurrence or distance metastasis at the last follow-up visit. The treatment achieved local control of the disease in 14 out of 15 cases (93.3%). In one case, the patient underwent enucleation for disease recurrence. The overall survival rate at the end of the follow-up was 93.3%. The mean BCVA at last follow-up visit was 20/40. Treatment was well tolerated, without significant complications.
Conclusions: Endoresection and adjuvant Ru-106 brachytherapy is a valuable conservative option for selected UM patients and can be used both as a primary treatment and as a salvage therapy. It can control melanoma and avoid enucleation, reduce radiation-related complications, and provide tumor tissue for chromosomal analysis and prognostic testing.
Observation of non-local impedance response in a passive electrical circuit
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Zhang Boxue , Zhao Weihong , Lee Ching Hua
Published: March 2023

In media with only short-ranged couplings and interactions, it is natural to assume that physical responses must be local. Yet, we discover that this is not necessarily true, even in a system as commonplace as an electric circuit array. This work reports the experimental observation of non-local impedance response in a designed circuit network consisting exclusively of passive elements such as resistors, inductors and capacitors (RLC). Measurements reveal that the removal of boundary connections dramatically affects the two-point impedance between certain distant nodes, even in the absence of any amplification mechanism for the voltage signal. This non local impedance response is distinct from the reciprocal non-Hermitian skin effect, affecting only selected pairs of nodes even as the circuit Laplacian exhibits universally broken spectral bulk-boundary correspondence. Surprisingly, not only are component parasitic resistances unable to erode the non-local response, but they in fact give rise to novel loss-induced topological modes at sufficiently large system sizes, constituting a new manifestation of the critical non-Hermitian skin effect. Our findings chart a new route towards attaining non-local responses in photonic or electrical metamaterials without involving non-linear, non-local, active or amplificative elements.
Establishing a Trigger Tool Based on Global Trigger Tools to Identify Adverse Drug Events in Obstetric Inpatients in China
Authors: Wu Shan , Yin Qinan , Wu Yue , Yu Nan , Yan Junfeng , Bian Yuan
Published: March 2023

Background
To examine the performance of an obstetric trigger tool, compared with the spontaneous reporting system (SRS) and global trigger tools (GTTs), in detecting adverse drug events (ADEs) experienced by obstetric units, and to assess the utility and value of the obstetric trigger tool in identifying ADEs of obstetric inpatients.
Methods
Our obstetric triggers were established on the basis of a literature review, retrospective obstetric ADE investigations, trigger extraction and revision, and expert investigations. We conducted a retrospective study to identity ADEs in 300 obstetric inpatient records at the Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital from June 1 to September 30, 2018.
Results
Through two rounds of expert investigation, we established 39 preliminary triggers that comprised four modules (12 laboratory tests, nine medications, 14 symptoms, and four outcomes). Three hundred medical records were reviewed by using the obstetric triggers with 49 cases of ADE detected, and the incidence of ADE was 16.33%. Among the 39 obstetric triggers, 22 triggers were positive (56.41%) and 11 of them detected ADE. The positive predictive value (PPV) was 36.36%, and the number of ADEs/100 patients was 16.33 (95% CI, 4.19–17.81). The ADE detection rate, positive trigger rate, and PPV value for the obstetric triggers were significantly augmented, confirming that the obstetric triggers were more specific and sensitive than SRS and GTT.
Conclusion
The obstetric triggers were proven to be sensitive and specific in the active monitoring of ADE for obstetric inpatients, and this could constitute a reference for ADE detection of obstetric inpatients at medical institutions.
Handheld Snapshot Multi-spectral Camera at 65-Megapixel Resolution
Authors: Zhang Weihang , Dong Kaiming , Li Lianglong , Yuan Xin , Pei Chengquan , Suo Jinli , Dai Qionghai
Published: March 2023

Multi-spectral imaging is one of the fundamental tools characterizing the constituent energy of scene radiation, and can help non-destructive material identification and quantification. A compact multi-spectral video camera covering a large field of view with high resolution can be of wide applications in scientific discoveries and industrial inspections. However, current multi-spectral video cameras cannot scale up beyond megapixel resolution due to physical constraints from optical design and complexity of reconstruction algorithm. In order to circumvent above issues, we propose a tens-of-megapixel handheld multi-spectral videography approach (THETA) , with a proof-of-concept camera achieving 65-megapixel videography of 12 wavebands within visible light range. The high performance is brought by multiple novel designs in our approach: (i) We propose an imaging scheme to fabricate a thin mask performing multiplexed compressive encoding of spatio-spectral data cube using conventional film photography. (ii) A fiber optic plate is introduced for building a compact prototype supporting pixel-wise encoding supporting large space-bandwidth product imaging system. (iii) A deep network based reconstruction algorithm is adopted for large scale multi-spectral data decoding, with the coding pattern specially designed to facilitate high efficient coarse-to-fine model training. Experimentally, we demonstrate the advantageous and wide applications of THETA on outdoor imaging of large macroscopic scenes.
Financial Outreach, Financial Innovation and Sustainable Development in Africa
Authors: Archer Christina , Idun Anthony Adu-Asare
Published: March 2023

There has been a call on policy makers in the African continent to formulate and implement initiatives that help to realise some of the SDGs, due to the low performance of the continent in terms of meeting the targets of the SDGs. Because of this, the study sought to investigate how banks contribute to sustainable development in the continent. Information was collected on 34 African economies for a period of 11 years spanning from 2010 to 2020. The study employed the Two-step System Generalised Method of Moments technique to estimate the findings. It was discovered that financial outreach has a significant positive and negative relationship with sustainable development, depending on the indicator used to measure outreach. On various dimensions, financial outreach had a negative influence on carbon dioxide emissions, a positive impact on economic sustainability and an inverse relationship with social sustainability. It was also revealed that financial innovation has a significant negative link with sustainable development in Africa. Additionally, the findings revealed that both financial outreach and innovation serve as moderating variables in the finance/development nexus. The study recommends that governments and policy makers in various African countries work together with financial service providers to ensure fair, flexible, and alluring interest rates on loans to the underprivileged, disadvantaged ones in society, and vulnerable businesses to smooth their consumption and boost their businesses.
The more employment the better？– A Study of the Efficiency of the Carbon Emissions Trading Pilot on Labour Allocation
Authors: kong ling-jun
Published: March 2023

Environmental regulations are changing the size of employment as well as the structure of employment.To assess this impact, this paper identifies labour allocation efficiency in the classical economic growth equation and uses exponential decomposition to decompose labour allocation efficiency into labour input efficiency and labour allocation structural efficiency to measure the impact of employment size and employment structure on labour allocation efficiency, respectively. Based on the multi-temporal DID, this paper analyses the causal relationship and long-term impact of the carbon emissions trading pilot on labor allocation efficiency through a series of robustness tests such as event study method, counterfactual framework, PSM-DID, spatial-DID and placebo test, and draws the following conclusions: 1) The implementation of the carbon emissions trading pilot has a positive impact on labor allocation efficiency in the pilot region. 2) The impact of the pilot on labour allocation efficiency shows spatial and temporal heterogeneity. That is, on the one hand, this impact gradually increases over time. On the other hand, the efficiency of labour allocation varies across regions in China. In the eastern pilot regions, labour allocation efficiency decreased by an average of 3.67%, including a 2.05% decrease in structural labour allocation efficiency; in the central pilot regions, labour allocation efficiency increased by an average of 3.98%, including a 6.80% increase in labour allocation efficiency; in the western regions, labour allocation efficiency increased by an average of 3.39%, including a 1.09% decrease in structural labour allocation efficiency 3) There is a spatial spillover effect of the pilot policy on carbon emissions trading. In other words, the policy pushes labour from the periphery to the pilot area, thus reducing the efficiency of labour allocation in the periphery.
Data Collection In UAV-Assisted Wireless IoT Networks: An Improved Clustering Algorithm and Resource Allocation Design
Authors: Li Dongji , Xu Shaoyi , Zhao Chengyu , Wang Yuanjie
Published: March 2023

This paper considers a scenario in which an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) collects the sensed data from the terrestrial Internet of things (IoT) devices in an untraveled and base station (BS)-uncovered area.These IoT devices, in this scenario, are of various types and deployed in a spare manner.Consequently, how to design an effective and suitable resource allocation scheme is a key part of dispatching a UAV to collect the sensed data from IoT devices.The goal of this paper is to minimize the UAV's cruise time with the joint optimization of IoT devices' communication scheduling, UAV trajectory, and bandwidth allocation.To facilitate data collection by UAVs, a logarithmic kernel-based mean shift (LKMS) clustering algorithm is proposed to group IoT devices into multiple clusters.Based on the clustering result, a mixed-integer joint non-convex problem is formulated.To avoid the difficulties caused by solving the aforementioned problem directly, the block coordinate descent (BCD)-based method, as an alternative, is adopted to decouple the variables and decompose the non-convex problem.To tackle the non-convex subproblems, a successive convex approximation (SCA)-based algorithm is also proposed.Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is able to achieve significant performance over other schemes for scenarios of UAV-assisted wireless IoT networks to collect a huge amount of data.
Validation of Human Skeletal Muscle Tissue Chip Autonomous Platform to Model Age-Related Muscle Wasting in Microgravity
Authors: Parafati Maddalena , Giza Shelby , Shenoy Tushar , Mojica-Santiago Jorge , Hopf Meghan , Malany Legrand , Platt Don , Kuehl Paul , Moore Isabel , Jacobs Zachary , Barnett Gentry , Schmidt Christine , McLamb William , Coen Paul , Clements Twyman , Malany Siobhan
Published: March 2023

Microgravity-induced muscle atrophy experienced by astronauts shares similar physiological changes to muscle wasting experienced by older adults, known as sarcopenia. These shared attributes provide a rationale for investigating microgravity-induced molecular changes in human bioengineered muscle cells that may also mimic the progressive underlying pathophysiology of sarcopenia. Here, we report the results of an experiment that incorporated three-dimensional myobundles derived from muscle biopsies from young and older adults, that were integrated into an autonomous CubeLab™, and flown to the International Space Station (ISS) aboard SpaceX CRS-21 in December 2020 as part of the NIH/NASA funded Tissue Chips in Space program. Global transcriptomic RNA-Seq analysis comparing the myobundles in space and on the ground revealed downregulation of shared transcripts related to myoblast proliferation and muscle differentiation for those in space. The analysis also revealed differentially expressed gene pathways related to muscle metabolism unique to myobundles derived from the older cohort exposed to the space environment compared to ground controls. Gene classes related to inflammatory pathways were uniquely modulated in flight samples cultured from the younger cohort compared to ground controls. Our muscle tissue chip platform provides a novel approach to studying the cell autonomous effects of microgravity on muscle cell biology that may not be appreciated on the whole organ or organism level and sets the stage for continued data collection from muscle tissue chip experimentation in microgravity. Thus, we also report on the challenges and opportunities for conducting autonomous tissue-on-chip CubeLabTM payloads on the ISS.
A virtual simulation-based in-service training program on maternal position for midwives: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lin Huimin , Liu Guihua , Wang Xiaoyan , Xu Qin , Guo Shengbin , Hu Rongfang
Published: March 2023

Background
Restricting parturient women in healthcare facilities from choosing positions that provide the greatest comfort and benefit during labor is a global barrier. Several complex factors, including caregiver preference and medical intervention, shape the limitation. Therefore, a practical need exists to train midwives on the knowledge and skills to change this condition.
Methods
The study used a randomized controlled trial with a pretest-posttest design. A convenience sample of 41 midwives in a birth suite was selected and enrolled in a one-month simulation-based hybrid training or face-to-face teaching. The four-level Kirkpatrick’s model was used to evaluate training program effects.
Results
The virtual simulation-based participants reported training satisfaction, knowledge attainment, and behavior change, as well as improved maternal outcomes in lowering the rate of the perineal incision. Moreover, knowledge performance was associated with the duration of e-learning (r = 0.664, p = 0.001).
Conclusions
Virtual simulation is a fascinating innovation that enables midwives to develop maternal positions without practicing on real pregnant women and is one solution to achieve work competency within a shortened training period.
Evaluation of cutting edge micro-geometry in milling of 316L stainless steel: A study based on FEM
Authors: Lv Dejin , Yu Xin , Wang Yongguo
Published: March 2023

The objective of this research is to simulate the cutting edge micro-geometry in machining a stainless steel (SUS-316L). The accurate finite element method (FEM) are verified by cutting edge preparation and cutting experiments at solid carbide end mills. The cutting edges are prepared by drag finishing. Utilizing this preparation method, the prepared cutting edges have three kinds of roundness profile with symmetry (K=1) and asymmetry (K=0.5 and K=2), which is considered for the modelling. We explored the chip formation, plastic strain and residual stress, mises stress and distribution of temperature, and also tool-chip contact length and the effective rake angle γeff with three different symmetry (K=1) and asymmetry (K=0.5 and K=2) also be examined. The simulation results suggest that waterfall tools (K=0.5) can increase stress strain and peak cutting temperature compare with other cutting edge micro-geometry. At the same time, the trumpet tools (K=2) also have a great influence on sub-surface and surface stress distribution. Therefore, the cutting edge segment on the flank face Sα has significant the metal cutting process.
Co-inhibition of glutaminolysis and one carbon metabolism promotes ROS accumulation leading to enhancement of chemotherapeutic efficacy in anaplastic thyroid cancer
Authors: Fang Sungsoon , Hwang Yeseong , Yun Hyeok Jun , Jeong Jae Woong , Kim Minki , Joo Seyeon , Lee Hae-Kyung , Chang Hang-Seok , Kim Seok-Mo
Published: March 2023

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most aggressive tumors with an extremely poor prognosis. Based on the several biological features related to glutamine metabolism in ATC, we hypothesized glutaminolysis inhibition induces cell death in ATC cells. However, glutamine metabolism inhibition triggered cell growth arrest independent of cell death in ATC, suggesting that other signaling pathways to avoid glutamine metabolism inhibition-induced stress exist. To investigate the functional mechanism against glutamine metabolism inhibition, we conducted mRNA and ATAC-Sequencing data analysis and found that glutamine deprivation increased ATF4-mediated one carbon metabolism. When we inhibited PHGDH, the first rate-limiting enzyme for one carbon metabolism, cell growth arrest was promoted upon glutamine metabolism inhibition by accumulating intracellular ROS. We next observed that the co-inhibition of glutamine and one carbon metabolism could augment the anticancer effects of drugs used in patients with ATC. Finally, single cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed that one carbon metabolism was strengthened through evolutionary process from PTC to ATC. Collectively, our data demonstrate one carbon metabolism has a potential role of modulation of cell fate in metabolic stress and can be therapeutic target for enhancing antitumor effects in ATC.
Dexmedetomidine could ameliorate intestinal mucosal barrier injury in patients via inhibiting intestinal oxidative stress and inflammatory responses
Authors: Zhao Tingting , He Rui , Chen Wending , Zheng Xianhe , Li Yuhong
Published: March 2023

Dexmedetomidine (Dex), a highly selective α2 receptor agonist can inhibit excessive inflammatory reaction and. In this study, we will investigate the effects of Dex can protect against intestinal mucosal barrier injury in patients via inhibiting intestinal inflammatory responses. This is a double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial. Ninety-four patients with acute intestinal obstruction, aged 33-81 years of age, weighing 48-80 kg, and having American Society of Anesthesiology physical status II or III, were divided into 2 groups using a random number table method (Con versus Dex). Patients in Dex were intravenously injected with in a loading dose of 0.5 μg/kg at 15 min before the induction of general anesthesia followed an infusion at 0.3 μg/kg/h until 30 min before the end of the operation. Before infusing the loading dose of Dex at 1, 3, and 7 d after surgery, peripheral venous blood samples were collected to measure the concentrations of diamine oxidase (DAO), D-lactic acid (D-Lac), bacterial endotoxin (BT), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). The occurrence of postoperative complications, anal exhaust time and average length of hospital stay were recorded. Compared with those in Con, the levels of DAO, D-Lac, BT, TNF-α and IL-6 in Dex were significantly decreased at 1 and 3 days after surgery (P<0.05), and anal exhaust time and total incidence of complications were decreased in Dex (P<0.05). General anesthesia combined with Dex can improve hypoxic intestinal mucosal injury, possibly by inhibiting inflammatory response.