bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topical issues of the provision of the radiation safety for dental X-ray examinations
Authors: Baltrukova T. B. , Voronkova S. V. , Vodovatov A. V.
Published: December 2023

As a part of administrative reform and “regulatory guillotine” in Russia in 2020-2021, several significant changes in the governmental regulation of dental care have occurred: implementation of new version of Order of provision of dental care and infrastructure of governmental dental facilities; approval of Rules of carrying of X-ray examinations; development of changes in the sanitary-epidemiological requirements to medical facilities. Meanwhile, the requirements on the radiation safety in the medical facilities remained the same. The lack of coordination during the development of new documents between the Ministry of Healthcare and Rospotrebnadzor resulted in preservation of the existing problems with the use of X-ray equipment in dentistry (for example, related to the allocation of dental X-ray units in residual and public buildings) and appearance of new problems (for example, removal of a requirement for the license in radiology for dentists). The study is focused on the analysis of the issues of regulation of the provision of radiation safety for dental care of public of the Russian Federation. It includes a review of the acting regulatory documents of the Ministry of Healthcare and Rospotrebnadzor, regulating the allocation of dental X-ray units and provision of dental X-ray examinations, with subsequent identification of the major issues and problems. The results of the study indicate that changes in the regulatory documents of the Ministry of Healthcare implemented in 2020-2021 contradict the acting requirements on radiation safety. It is necessary to further improve the legislative base regulating the dental care: harmonization of the acting requirements on the equipment of the dental rooms, orders and standards of dental care, training of staff. The harmonized base should result in a provision of qualitative dental care and radiation safety.
Estimation of absorbed doses in patients’ organs from the released radionuclide-label during radionuclide therapy with 225Ac
Authors: Petrova A. E. , Chipiga L. A. , Vodovatov A. V. , Stanzhevsky A. A. , Maystrenko D. N. , Lumpov A. A. , Sinyukhin A. B. , Boykov I. V. , Rameshvili T. E.
Published: December 2023

Today, the treatment of cancer with the use of radiopharmaceuticals is a developing method all over the world. The preparation of the radiopharmaceuticals and its quality control prior to its administration to the patient is one of the important elements of nuclear medicine procedures. The instability of the compound can lead to a change in the distribution of the radionuclide in the patient’s body, a decrease in the effectiveness of treatment, as well as to unjustified irradiation of healthy organs and tissues. The aim of this work was to estimate the absorbed doses in human organs and tissues during radionuclide therapy using 225Ac for the case of the 225Ac release. The absorbed doses were calculated for the model presented in ICRP Publication 141 for healthy people. This model consists of 18 cameras (blood, cortical volume, cortical surface, cortical red bone marrow, trabecular volume, trabecular surface, trabecular red bone marrow, kidneys (two chambers), bladder, liver (two chambers), gonads, contents of the small intestine, contents of the upper large intestine, soft tissues. Time-integrated activities were calculated using the specialized software SAAM II v2.3. The calculation of absorbed doses was performed using the IDAC-Dose 2.1 software. The highest absorbed doses were obtained for liver, testes, ovaries and red bone marrow, which leads to an increase in doses in these organs in comparison with doses from 225Ac-PSMA up to a factor of two. A change in the biodistribution of 225Ac in a patient’s body, associated with the release of a radionuclide from the radiopharmaceuticals, can lead to an increase in doses in healthy radiosensitive organs and tissues, as well as to a decrease in the effectiveness of treatment.
Assessment of radioactive contamination of medicinal plants of meadow ecosystems of the Sozh River floodplain 30 years after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant
Authors: Daineko N. M. , Timofeev S. F.
Published: December 2023

The aim of the study is to assess the radioactive contamination of medicinal plants of economic types of meadow ecosystems of the Sozh River floodplain. The objects of the study were medicinal plants of the floodplain of the Sozh River. Soil samples and plant samples were taken for radiological analysis within the boundaries of the selected economic types of meadows. Determination of 137Cs content in soil and plant samples was carried out on the Tennelec. Characteristics of the selected economic types of meadows. 12 species of medicinal plants were analyzed on each type of meadow. In the meadow large-sedimented type, the specific activity of soils in 2015 amounted to 1600 Bq/kg, and in 2020 – 1380 Bq/kg. Radiological analysis of the specific activity of aboveground phytomass in 2015 and 2020 showed that all plant samples did not exceed the republican permissible level of 137Cs content in medicinal technical raw materials – 370 Bq/kg, with the exception of the pure Stahyis palustris swamp, the permissible level of which was 10 Bq/kg higher. In the turf type of meadows, the specific activity of soils in 2015 was 116 Bq/kg, and in 2020 – 970 Bq/kg. In this type of meadow, all plant samples did not exceed the permissible level of 137Cs. In the meadow coarse-grained type, the specific activity of soils in 2015 was 1380 Bq/kg, and in 2020 – 1150 Bq/kg. In 2015 and in 2020 all plant samples corresponded to the permissible level of 137Cs content, only in the meadow foxtail in 2015 the specific activity exceeded the permissible level by 155 Bq/kg. In the fine-grained type of meadows, the specific activity of soils in 2015 was 962 Bq/kg, and in 2020 – 704 Bq/kg. Both in 2015 and in 2020, the specific activity of all plant samples was below the permissible level. A comparative analysis of the specific activity of medicinal plants of the studied economic types of meadows shows that in 2020, compared to 2015, has decreased by an average of 1,3 – 1,4 times, the greatest specific activity of plant samples over the years of observation was observed in the meadow type with large leaves, which is 4 times more than in a fine-grained meadow. The decrease in radioactive contamination of medicinal plants occurred with a simultaneous decrease in the density of radioactive contamination of the soil.
The system of acquisition of information on indoor radon concentration with the motivated participation of the population
Authors: Marennyy A. M. , Antropov S. Yu. , Karl L. E. , Shchitov D. V. , Sidyakin P. A. , Murzabekov M. A.
Published: December 2023

A system of acquisition of information on indoor radon concentration was developed. The system is based on the transfer of devices for integral and/or quasi-integral measurements of radon concentration to the owner of the premises and the exchange of necessary information about the conditions and measurement results between the owner and the measuring laboratory using modern online technology. The information support system implemented on the website and the use of mobile communication technologies are designed to attract additional measurement participants and expand the range of objects available for surveys. At the same time, intermediaries between the measuring laboratory and the owner of the premises are excluded. The use of cloud technologies makes it possible to optimize the exchange of information between participants, and the use of QR codes on detectors eliminates errors associated with the identification of the detector and its coordinate reference to the measurement point. The software modules used in the system automate the process of entering this information. It is assumed that devices with a track detector will be used as the main ones. It is also possible to use carbon-adsorption samplers, but only for measurements in settlements, from which delivery to the processing laboratory is possible within no more than one day. Testing of the possibility of practical use of the system by persons who are not specialists in the field of radiation control was carried out on examples of a small and large settlement (the village of Kochubeyevskaya and the city of Pyatigorsk, Stavropol Krai). In general, the testing showed the operability of the system. As a result, changes were made to the system: the size of QR codes was increased and their color palette was changed, and the supporting system was supplemented with information on entering the editing mode without a QR code. From a social point of view, the system provides economically affordable services for most citizens to determine the level of radon exposure in the air of residential, public and other buildings. At the same time, in the future, significant savings are achieved in budget allocations required to create a potential radon risk map of the country.
İlke Karcılıoğlu’nun “Sa-Na-Ne” Eserinin İçerdiği Teknikler ve Flüt Eğitiminde Kullanılabilirliği Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: Özgün Abdulkadir , Şenol Sakin Ajda
Published: December 2023

Bu araştırmada İlke Karcılıoğlu’nun “Sa-Na-Ne” eserinin içerdiği teknikler ve flüt eğitiminde kullanılabilirliği açısından incelenmesi ve bu yolla tanınırlığının ve seslendirilmesinin arttırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma eserin bestelenme süreci ve içeriğinin incelenmesi, teknik kümelerinin ve flüt eğitiminde kullanılabilirliğinin belirlenmesi aşamalarında kullanılan yöntemler açısından nitel bir araştırmadır ve genel kaynak taraması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. “Sa-Na-Ne” eseri legato ve staccato gibi geleneksel flüt tekniklerinin yanı sıra pizzicato/key clicks (perde sesleri), beatbox, flutter tongue (kurbağa dili), glissando ve play and sing (çalma ve söyleme/söyleyerek çalma) gibi genişletilmiş flüt tekniklerini de içerdiği belirlenmiştir. Bu yönüyle genişletilmiş tekniklere yönelik gerçekleştirilecek eğitimde yer alabileceği düşünülmektedir. Araştırma ile “Sa-Na-Ne” eserinin flüt dersi amaç ve kazanımlarına yönelik kapsayıcılık gösterdiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Effect of Sodium Caseinate Fortification of Raw Milk on Physicochemical Parameters of Caciotta Cheese
Authors: Kalugina, Olesya , Kurbanova Marina
Published: December 2023

Milk producers increase both milk yield and cheese production efficiency by fortifying raw milk with protein concentrates, such as sodium caseinate. In this research, we added 30 g calcium chloride to 100 L milk in order to restore its salt balance after pasteurization and improve the rennet coagulation properties. The control sample of Caciotta cheese contained no sodium caseinate; Sample 1 had 10% sodium caseinate; Sample 3 included 20% sodium caseinate. The fat vs. protein ratio in all the samples remained constant throughout the study. The experimental cheeses contained less fat, more moisture, and more salt, compared to the control sample. Sodium caseinate proved able to increase the yield of the fortified finished product.
Development and Acid Formation of Lactococci at Technically Significant Temperatures: Comparative Analysis
Authors: Sviridenko Galina , Shukhalova Olga , Mamykin Denis
Published: December 2023

Mesophilic lactococci strains of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and Lactococcus cremoris are part of many fermented dairy products, including cheeses. As a rule, they serve as the main acid agents in bacterial starter cultures. Throughout all technological stages of cheese production, these microorganisms encounter various factors that affect their growth and metabolism. Despite its widespread industrial use and accumulated scientific knowledge, the question still remains of how lactococci behave during production. This article provides a comparative assessment of temperature-related development processes and acid formation in lactococci Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and Lactococcus cremoris. The strains showed no differences in culture development rate or acid-forming activity under optimal thermostating conditions during the deep liquidphase cultivation in milk. These variables were measured by the increase in titratable acidity (°T) and the decrease in active acidity (pH). The lactococci developed and metabolized carbohydrates at (10 ± 1) °C, which allowed for acid formation processes during the cheese ripening stage. Both strains showed significant psychrotrophy. Their development and metabolism were interrupted at (4 ± 1) °C, which made it possible to avoid the risk of reducing the storage capacity of fermented dairy products under the effect of lactococci starter. The greatest risks of using Lactococcus cremoris starter cultures were associated with their low thermal stability, which made the strains sensitive to temperatures above (40 ± 1) °C.
Russian Soft Cheeses of Italian Varieties: Quality and Safety
Authors: Merkulova Nadezhda , Tohirien Boisdzhoni , Tikhonov Sergey , Tikhonova Natalya
Published: December 2023

The Ural cheese industry is currently adapting traditional Italian technologies for Russian market as part of the import substitution program. The new products copy the original properties of popular Italian cheese varieties and compare favorably in quality and safety. This research featured soft Italian cheeses produced at a mini-cheese factory in Yekaterinburg. The tests were performed on the laboratory premises of the Ural State Economic University, Yekaterinburg. The quality and safety tests involved standard methods. The level of quality and safety of soft cheeses produced by local cheese makers fell withing the standard values and demonstrated high consumer properties.
EFFECT OF ENERGY FEED SUPPLEMENTS ON MILK YIELD AND QUALITY
Authors: Buryakov Nikolai , Buryakova Maria , Aleshin Dmitriy , Korotkii Vasiliy
Published: December 2023

The research featured the effect of energy feed additives on cow’s milk yield and quality. It included three experimental groups. The first group received 200 g of the Avatar feed additive per day; in the second group, the cows were given crude glycerin; the third group obtained a coniferous vitamin supplement. All the experimental groups demonstrated better gross milk yield than the control. The best daily milk yield belonged to the cows that received the coniferous supplement, followed by the group that received glycerin. The cows from the Avatar and the coniferous test groups had better mass fractions of protein and fat in milk. The gross fat yield increased by 4.91 % in the glycerin test group and by 6.25 % in the coniferous test group.
Effect of Mycotoxin-Deactivating Feed Additives on Milk Yield
Authors: Kosolapova Valentina , Buryakov Nikolai , Khalifa Mohammed , Aleshin Dmitriy , Mokrushina Olga
Published: December 2023

In this research, feed additive Kormomix® SORB had a positive effect on the health of lactating cows and milk quality. The additive includes cell walls of inactivated Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast culture, silicon dioxide, humic acid salts, enzymes, and activated sodium aluminosilicate. Aflatoxin B1 was found to exceed the permissible concentration levels. The experimental feed shares were 50 and 100 g/day per cow. At 50 g/day, the gross milk yield of natural fat content increased by 100.4 kg (4.19 %). The milk fat yield was 101.2, which was by 3.05% than in the control group. The gross yield of milk protein exceeded the control indicators by 2.6%. At 100 g/day, the gross milk yield of natural fat grew by 147.8 kg (6.17 %), compared to the control. The milk fat yield appeared to be 103.9 kg, which was by 5.8 % higher than in the control. The gross yield of milk protein exceeded the control indicators by 7.37 %. The somatic cell count was 2.28 × 105 per 1 cm3 in the control group. In the group that received 50 g of experimental feed per day, this indicator was 1.71 × 105 per 1 cm3. The cows that consumed 100 g of Kormomix® SORB per day had 1.08 ×1 05 somatic cells per 1 cm3.
Bioprotective Agents of Radioresistance
Authors: Donskaya Galina
Published: December 2023

The article describes various means of biological protection against radiation exposure, i.e., pharmacological substances and food additives that increase the overall resistance to adverse environmental factors. Effective radioresistance agents are safe and multiplex. They cause no side effects and possess favorable tolerability. For instance, chicken egg shells are a natural source of calcium that can serve as a biological agent against strontium-90. Green tea extract with milk can reduce the availability of strontium and cesium radionuclides.
Russian Milk Market: Quality Leaders, Leadership Factors, and Success Correlation Matrix
Authors: Levichev Vasily , Teplaya Naila , Suray Natalya , Stolyarova Alla , Tatochenko Alexander , Tatochenko Irina
Published: December 2023

Russian population needs reliable access to high-quality and safe milk. The authors analyzed the domestic enterprises that produce the best pasteurized milk brands. The research relied on the rating of milk producers compiled by Autonomous non-profit organization Russian Quality System (Roskachestvo). The main factors of leadership included location, organizational pattern, legal status, scale, specialization, production, assortment and marketing policies, etc. The correlation analysis included the main performance indicators and possible interfactor links. The article also introduces some success procedures for dairy enterprises.
Readiness for Educational Activities in Faculty Members
Authors: Rategova Zhanna
Published: December 2023

The article discusses the readiness of university academic staff to implement educational activities, its essence, and development. Educational activities are an important part of pedagogical training. Faculty members are to be proficient in the forms and methods of educational work with students. In this article, the structure of readiness for educational activities was described as an interaction of its structural elements. The methodology included activity-based and competence-based approaches, as well as literary review and the author’s own practical experience in educational work at university. The pedagogical guidelines were identified as follows: the goal of educational activities at university, the pedagogical tasks to achieve the goal, and the professional skills of faculty members to solve pedagogical problems. The professional skills were grouped by the method and form of their implementation as organizational, developmental, gnostic, perceptual, and reflective skills. The readiness for educational activities in higher education is the readiness to apply this set of skills during the academic process and to develop them. Its structure is an integrity of practice-oriented, motivational, axiological, and reflective components. These components allow faculty members to adjust the academic process to the current education standards. The readiness to implement educational activities depends on what the university administration and the department have to offer the faculty staff in order to ensure the positive dynamics of the educational process. The research made it possible to construct a tool that could catalyze the development of organizational, developmental, gnostic, perceptual, and reflective skills in faculty members on a scientific basis.
Methods of Encoding Information Based on Three-Dimensional Parallelepiped in Teaching Mathematics
Authors: Sergeeva Ol'ga , Kutovaya Anastasia
Published: December 2023

Social informatization requires strong information security measures that would allow companies and individuals to protect their data. Courses in information security may solve this problem. However, methods of coding and encryption can be incorporated in the school curriculum as part of Mathematics and Computer Science. This article introduces an original reliable method of encoding to be integrated with the high school course of Mathematics. The authors used geometric methods of representing points in three-dimensional space bounded by a closed parallelepiped and elementary algebraic operations with matrices. The paper proposes flow and k-gram variants of the matrix method of text encoding and their program implementation in the Python programming language. The encoding methods require no special mathematical training, which makes them teachable to 9–11-graders. By mastering these methods, high-school students can increase their personal information security and develop an algorithmic style of thinking, as well as mathematical skills in general. The article contains some extramural tasks that consolidate practical skills of text coding. The academic and methodological materials make it possible to give the methods of coding and encryption while teaching Mathematics, as well as part of academic disciplines related to information security.
Right to Political Struggle
Authors: Konoval'chikov Yaroslav
Published: December 2023

The ongoing integration of four new regions admitted into the Russian Federation in 2022 resulted in a political and legal separation from foreign influence. As a result, the role of political parties as participants in the political process has increased. Political parties possess multifaceted competencies, but the most relevant approach is the one that consolidates their rights for the purpose of systematic implementation. This article introduces the concept of the right to political struggle as a single comprehensive right of political parties. The research featured constitutional and legal documents that determine the status of political parties, as well as related doctrinal studies. The research objective was to develop a theoretical and legal justification for vesting political parties with the right to political struggle. The other goal was to determine the legal nature and content of this right in the legal science. The interdisciplinary approach involved the methods of politics, sociology, and military law to determine the legal content of political struggle. Other methods included formal logic and systemic analysis of legal phenomena, the formal legal method, and the historical-legal method. The resulting concept of the right to political struggle implemented by political parties covered the rights to participate in elections and referendums, to shape and express the political will of citizens, and to participate in the activities of public authorities. The new approach can be of theoretical importance for further studies of political parties.
Effect of Dutch Expansion in Malaya on Local Public Authority System
Authors: Arutyunyan Ruben
Published: December 2023

The Dutch expansion in Malaya was associated with the Dutch East India Company, also known as the Dutch VOC. It influenced the development of public authority institutions in Malaya and the Indonesian islands. The VOC had a trade monopoly in the East Indies and adopted state governmental methods and functions in the region. The Charter of 1602 gave the Company rights to maintain a military garrison, build forts, appoint judges, and conclude treaties outside Europe. In the first half of the XVII century, the Dutch defeated the Portuguese in their colonial rivalry for the Indonesian islands and Malaya. As the VOC expanded its boundaries, it used the structure of public authority to manage the colonies. The author analyzed the structure of the VOC public administration, its bodies, and public institutions in Malacca and other colonial cities. The Dutch colonial court system in Malaya and the Indonesian islands included European and traditional courts. However, Batavia had a local authority known as the College van Schepenen while the island of Java had Adat and Islamic courts.
Quantum adsorption mechanism of gelatin cellulose hydrogel for the effective removal of Cu2+ and Co2+ from wastewater using artificial neural networks
Authors: Kabuba John , Lukusa Trésor
Published: December 2023

In this work, n-GCHM was used for the removal of Cu2+ and Co2+ from wastewater. The adsorbent material (n-GCHM) was characterised using SEM and TGA. The following optimum conditions were obtained: a contact time of 120 min and pH 5 for the removal of Cu2+ and Co2+. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cu2+ and Co2+ was 5.8343 mg/g using n-GCHM. The highest percentage removal of Cu2+ and Co2+ on n-GCHM at pH 5 was 80 and 80.5%, respectively. The experimental data successfully fitted to pseudo-second-order kinetic, and also fitted well to the Freundlich isotherm model. The process of adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. To obtain extensive information on the adsorption process of metal ions on the functional groups of adsorbents, the quantum adsorption mechanism was investigated using DFT. The molecular orbital approach has shown that the HOMO and LUMO were located on –NCN– and LUMO on –NCO–. The quantum adsorption mechanism has shown that the binding energies of Cu2+ and Co2+ on imine functional groups were −60,604.399 and −53649.06 eV, respectively. On the –NCO– functional group, the binding energy was −58587.608 and −51632.618 eV, respectively, for Cu2+ and Co2+. Quantum mechanical methods using the ANN approach have been demonstrated to be accurate.
Dynamic probabilistic analytical modeling for estimating rainfall–runoff transformation rates in drylands
Authors: Shao Yiyuan
Published: December 2023

Precipitation-runoff changes used in the development of precipitation-runoff models depict general runoff mechanisms in physical precipitation-runoff processes. For this purpose, it must be able to adequately express the characteristics of the physical system. Similar to other water resources management models, analytical-probabilistic models may be developed with different levels of complexity according to different types of rainfall–runoff developments. In this research, a log-normal probabilistic model was used to estimate the return period of rainfall and Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) software was used to convert rainfall values into discharge and runoff height in agricultural lands. The slope and the level of plant shade cover were considered the two basic factors in the estimation of the subsurface flow used in agriculture. Slopes of less than 0.015 and land cover level of more than 70% of extreme points were obtained to ensure subsurface water sources and prevent erosion.
Investigation of eigenfunctions of perturbation of the radial component of flow velocity
Authors:   Mavlyutov Institute of Mechanics, UFRC RAS, Ufa, Russia, Nizamova A.D.
Published: December 2023

The flow of a thermoviscous model fluid in an annular channel with a given temperature field is considered. The problem of the stability of the flow of a thermoviscous fluid is solved on the basis of a generalized equation by the spectral method of expansion in Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind. The influence of taking into account the exponential dependence of fluid viscosity on temperature and channel geometry on the spectral characteristics of the equation of hydrodynamic stability of incompressible fluid flow in an annular channel is investigated. The eigenvalue spectra were obtained numerically. The spectral characteristics determine the structure of the eigenfunctions and the critical parameters of the flow of a thermoviscous fluid. In this case, the eigenfunctions demonstrate the behavior of transverse velocity disturbances, their possible growth or decay over time. Graphs of the eigenfunctions of the generalized flow stability equation in an annular channel have been constructed. It is shown that the structure of the spectra largely depends on both the properties of the liquid, determined by the functional dependence of viscosity, and on the geometry of the channel. The stability of the flow of a thermoviscous fluid depends on the presence of an eigenvalue with a positive imaginary part among the entire set of found eigenvalues for fixed parameters of the Reynolds number and wave number. It has been established that at small values of the thermoviscosity parameter the spectrum is comparable to the spectrum for isothermal fluid flow in a flat channel, however, as it increases, the number of eigenvalues and their density increase, that is, there are a greater number of points at which the problem has non-zero amplitudes of transverse velocity disturbances. It is worth noting that the diversity of eigenvalue spectra corresponds to the diversity of eigenfunctions, which have a nontrivial distribution of the oscillation amplitude over the cross section in each case. Smooth curves are obtained for a narrow channel, as for the case of a flat channel. However, as the ratio of the channel radii increases, “jumps” appear. Also, note that the eigenfunctions do not have the property of symmetry; this follows from the fact that the velocity profile in the unperturbed state also does not have symmetry. The maximum values of the eigenfunctions are shifted to the right from the center of the channel, which corresponds to the fact that disturbances arise and grow intensively near the hot wall.
Study of the influence of temperature dependent viscosity on fluid flow in annular channels
Authors:   Ufa University of Science and Technology, Ufa, Russia, Mukhutdinova A.A.
Published: December 2023

For all liquids, a change in viscosity depending on temperature is characteristic. In most cases, this dependency is commonly overlooked; however, when studying the flow of liquids under conditions of intense heat exchange, the temperature-dependent viscosity can have a significant impact on mass and heat transfer processes. It should be noted that for some liquids, such as polymer solutions or biological fluids, the temperature dependence of viscosity can be extremely complex and nonlinear. In such cases, ignoring this dependence can lead to inaccurate results and errors. Annular channels find wide applications in various technical systems, including heat exchangers and hydraulic devices. Understanding the factors influencing the fluid flow and discharge in such channels is a key aspect of optimizing their design and operation. One of the main factors influencing the flow process and fluid discharge in annular channels is the temperature-dependent viscosity of the fluid. This work investigates the influence of the thermo-viscous parameter with monotonic and non-monotonic temperature-dependent viscosity, as well as the geometric parameter of the annular channel on the fluid flow process and discharge. The mathematical model includes the continuity equation, Navier-Stokes equations, and the temperature equation. The method of control volume and the SIMPLE algorithm, modified to account for the variable viscosity coefficient, were applied for the numerical solution of these equations. It is shown that in the case of liquid flow in an annular channel with a monotonic dependence of viscosity on temperature, the steady-state discharge closely approaches the discharge at maximum viscosity. However, in the case of a liquid with non-monotonic viscosity dependence on temperature, the discharge significantly depends on the thermo-viscous parameter.
Tempeh Industry Wastewater Treatment using Mix Natural Adsorbents (Zeolite, Bentonite, Water Hyacinth-Activated Carbon): Effect of Mass Ratio and Dosage of Mix Adsorbents on Turbidity and pH
Authors: Cundari Lia , Sukandar Muhammad Radhiy , Nurusman Fahmi
Published: December 2023

Adsorption is the process of agglomeration of dissolved substances in solution by the surface of an absorbent substance which makes the material enter and collect in an absorbent substance. Natural adsorbents that function to treat tempe liquid waste are zeolite, bentonite, and water hyacinth activated carbon. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the mass ratio and dose of natural adsorbents on the turbidity and pH values of tempe wastewater. The mass ratio variation used was the ratio of each material in the form of zeolite: bentonite: active carbon of water hyacinth in the form of R1 (1:1:1); R2 (2:1:1); R3 (1:2:1); and R4 (1:1:2). The adsorbent dose carried out was 1.5 gr; 3 grams; and 4.5 gr per 100 ml volume of liquid waste. The contact time between the adsorbent and the liquid waste is every 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 minutes. Processing of tempe liquid waste was carried out in laboratory-scale batches with 120 rpm stirring. The analysis was carried out in form of turbidity, pH, COD, BOD, and TSS. The results showed that the adsorption was able to reduce turbidity and increase the pH level up to 99% by stirring the mass ratio R2 (2:1:1) for 150 minutes with a dose of 4.5 grams. It was found that the turbidity value decreased from 520.5 NTU to 2.47 NTU =ncrease in pH levels reaching 75% at 150 minutes of stirring at a dose of 4.5 grams. Decreased pH value from 3.7 to 6.4. The maximum adsorption capacity validation results were obtained based on the Frendulinch analysis of 7.07-49.75 mg/g with a Freundlich constant of 0.67-0.70 at a dose of 4.5 grams.
Transforming The Furniture Industry in The Digital Age
Authors: Rame Rame , Purwanto Purwanto , Sudarno Sudarno
Published: December 2023

The furniture industry is experiencing a significant transition driven by digital technologies. This article comprehensively reviews various technologies, techniques, and innovations that the furniture industry has adopted to enhance efficiency, sustainability, and competitiveness. The analysis draws on a systematic literature review of recent publications in ScienceDirect and Scopus databases. The study highlights the potential of automation, robots, augmented reality, and the Internet of Things to improve the furniture production process, reduce waste, and boost profitability. Additionally, the article examines technologies and approaches that can help the furniture industry become more sustainable and socially responsible, such as green supply chain management, life cycle assessment, and ergonomic treatments. The paper concludes by advocating for a comprehensive digital transformation strategy that includes embracing new technologies, developing innovative business models, and promoting sustainability and ethical standards.
Motivation of farmer group members in the application of balanced fertilization in maize (Zea mays) plant cultivation
Authors:   Bogor Agricultural Development Polytechnic, Jl. Arya Suryalaga No. 1, Bogor, Indonesia, Nursyamsi Dedi , Haryanto Yoyon ,   Bogor Agricultural Development Polytechnic, Jl. Arya Suryalaga No. 1, Bogor, Indonesia, Hartono Rudi ,   Bogor Agricultural Development Polytechnic, Jl. Arya Suryalaga No. 1, Bogor, Indonesia, Pratiwi Khansa Mutiara ,   Bogor Agricultural Development Polytechnic, Jl. Arya Suryalaga No. 1, Bogor, Indonesia, Winarno Kodrad ,   Yogyakarta Magelang Agricultural Development Polytechnic, Jl. Kusumanegara No. 2, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: December 2023

Balanced fertilizer application technology aims not only to increase crop production but also to improve fertilizer efficiency and protect the environment from agrochemical pollution. However, its application in the field still faces several barriers, both technical and non-technical. This study aims to determine the level of farmer motivation to apply balanced fertilization in maize production, identify the factors that influence the level of farmer motivation, and develop effective strategies. In addition, the study aims to compare maize plant growth between farmers' habits and the application of balanced fertilization. The methods used in this study were descriptive and multiple linear regression. The descriptive quantitative method was used while the data were collected through observation, questionnaires, interviews, and literature studies. The population consisted of 181 maize farmers who were members of farmer groups. The respondents were 65 individuals selected through purposive sampling from 181 individuals who were members of farmer groups and engaged in maize cultivation. In addition, field experiments were conducted with two treatments: farmers' custom or P0, consisting of urea 400 + NPK 15-15-15 100 kg/ha + fertilizer scattered on the soil surface, and balanced fertilization or P1, consisting of urea 300 + NPK 15-15-15 300 kg/ha + fertilizer buried in the soil. The results of the study showed that the farmers' motivation to apply balanced fertilization was in the medium category with 67.7%. The study also identified two significant factors that influenced the farmers' motivation, namely the function of farmer groups with p = 0.004 and government support with p = 0.001. To increase farmer motivation, socialization programs should focus on the lowest indicator value, which was the ability of farmers to apply balanced fertilization. The field experiments showed that the growth of maize plants in the balanced fertilizer treatment was significantly better than that in the farmer's habit treatment. This was indicated by plant height, number of leaves, dry kernel yield, and cob+husk yield.
Minimally Invasive Posterior Spinal Nonfusion Surgery in Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Using a Bipolar One-Way Self-Expanding Rod System: Protocol for a Single-Center Clinical Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Post Anne Mareille , Berends Hanneke I , van Royen Barend J
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

The current surgical treatment for patients diagnosed with progressive and severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) consists of the correction of the spinal curvature, followed by posterior spinal fusion (PSF). However, research has uncovered short- and long-term complications of posterior spinal fusion in patients with AIS. Minimally invasive growing rod techniques have successfully been used to treat patients with early-onset scoliosis and neuromuscular scoliosis. It may be questioned if minimally invasive posterior spinal nonfusion (PSnF) surgery with bipolar instrumentation can be used for the treatment of AIS.

OBJECTIVE

This study will be performed to monitor the efficacy and safety of PSnF surgery by using a commercially available Conformité Européenne-certified spinal implant consisting of bilateral bipolar one-way self-expanding rods (OWSER) for the treatment of patients diagnosed with AIS.

METHODS

In 14 selected patients with AIS with Lenke 1-6 curves, minimally invasive PSnF surgery with the OWSER system is performed after the failure of conservative treatment (curve progression of >5° within 1 year). The patients are over 7 years of age, with a major Cobb angle of ≥30°, sufficient flexibility, and a Risser stage of ≤2. Patients will be followed over time, according to the standard medical care. Efficacy will be measured using radiological and patient satisfaction assessments and safety will be determined by the amount of perioperative complications.

RESULTS

Patient inclusion started on November 17, 2021 and we hope to finalize patient inclusion by the beginning of 2025. The first results will be expected by the beginning of 2024.

CONCLUSIONS

Minimally invasive PSnF in patients with AIS is presented as a less invasive surgical technique that prevents the progression of the scoliotic curve and that allows minor posture correction of coronal imbalance. This will be the first study to examine whether the PSnF bipolar OWSER instrumentation will be the next generation of surgical instrumentation in AIS.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04441411; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04441411

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/47222
Comparisons of Quality, Correctness, and Similarity Between ChatGPT-Generated and Human-Written Abstracts for Basic Research: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Cheng Shu-Li , Tsai Shih-Jen , Bai Ya-Mei , Ko Chih-Hung , Hsu Chih-Wei , Yang Fu-Chi , Tsai Chia-Kuang , Tu Yu-Kang , Yang Szu-Nian , Tseng Ping-Tao , Hsu Tien-Wei , Liang Chih-Sung , Su Kuan-Pin
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

ChatGPT may act as a research assistant to help organize the direction of thinking and summarize research findings. However, few studies have examined the quality, similarity (abstracts being similar to the original one), and accuracy of the abstracts generated by ChatGPT when researchers provide full-text basic research papers.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to assess the applicability of an artificial intelligence (AI) model in generating abstracts for basic preclinical research.

METHODS

We selected 30 basic research papers from Nature, Genome Biology, and Biological Psychiatry. Excluding abstracts, we inputted the full text into ChatPDF, an application of a language model based on ChatGPT, and we prompted it to generate abstracts with the same style as used in the original papers. A total of 8 experts were invited to evaluate the quality of these abstracts (based on a Likert scale of 0-10) and identify which abstracts were generated by ChatPDF, using a blind approach. These abstracts were also evaluated for their similarity to the original abstracts and the accuracy of the AI content.

RESULTS

The quality of ChatGPT-generated abstracts was lower than that of the actual abstracts (10-point Likert scale: mean 4.72, SD 2.09 vs mean 8.09, SD 1.03; P<.001). The difference in quality was significant in the unstructured format (mean difference –4.33; 95% CI –4.79 to –3.86; P<.001) but minimal in the 4-subheading structured format (mean difference –2.33; 95% CI –2.79 to –1.86). Among the 30 ChatGPT-generated abstracts, 3 showed wrong conclusions, and 10 were identified as AI content. The mean percentage of similarity between the original and the generated abstracts was not high (2.10%-4.40%). The blinded reviewers achieved a 93% (224/240) accuracy rate in guessing which abstracts were written using ChatGPT.

CONCLUSIONS

Using ChatGPT to generate a scientific abstract may not lead to issues of similarity when using real full texts written by humans. However, the quality of the ChatGPT-generated abstracts was suboptimal, and their accuracy was not 100%.
Integration and Implementation Strategies for AI Algorithm Deployment with Smart Routing Rules and Workflow Management: A Reference Implementation (Preprint)
Authors: Erdal Barbaros Selnur , Gupta Vikash , Demirer Mutlu , Fair Kimberly H , White Richard D , Blair Jeffrey , Deichert Barbara Anna , Lafleur Laurie , Qin Ming Melvin , Lacima David Bericat , Genereaux Brad
Published: December 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

This paper reviews the challenges hindering the widespread adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) solutions in the healthcare industry, focusing on computer vision applications for medical imaging, and how interoperability and enterprise-grade scalability can be used to address these challenges. The complex nature of healthcare workflows, intricacies in managing large and secure medical imaging data, and the absence of standardized frameworks for AI development pose significant barriers and require a new paradigm to address them.

The role of interoperability is examined in this paper as a crucial factor in connecting disparate applications within healthcare workflows. Standards such as DICOM™, Health Level 7 HL7®, and Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) are highlighted as foundational for common imaging workflows. A specific focus is placed on the role of DICOM gateways, with Smart Routing Rules and Workflow Management leading transformational efforts in this area.

To drive enterprise scalability, new tools are needed. Project MONAI, established in 2019, is introduced as an initiative aiming to redefine the development of medical AI applications. The MONAI Deploy App SDK, a component of Project MONAI, is identified as a key tool in simplifying the packaging and deployment process, enabling repeatable, scalable, and standardized deployment patterns for AI applications.

The abstract underscores the potential impact of successful AI adoption in healthcare, offering physicians both life-saving and time-saving insights and driving efficiencies in radiology department workflows. The collaborative efforts between academia and industry, are emphasized as essential for advancing the adoption of healthcare AI solutions.
Evaluating ChatGPT-4’s Diagnostic Accuracy: Impact of Visual Data Integration (Preprint)
Authors: Hirosawa Takanobu , Harada Yukinori , Tokumasu Kazuki , Ito Takahiro , Suzuki Tomoharu , Shimizu Taro
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

In the evolving field of health care, multimodal generative artificial intelligence (AI) systems, such as ChatGPT-4 with vision (ChatGPT-4V), represent a significant advancement, as they integrate visual data with text data. This integration has the potential to revolutionize clinical diagnostics by offering more comprehensive analysis capabilities. However, the impact on diagnostic accuracy of using image data to augment ChatGPT-4 remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess the impact of adding image data on ChatGPT-4’s diagnostic accuracy and provide insights into how image data integration can enhance the accuracy of multimodal AI in medical diagnostics. Specifically, this study endeavored to compare the diagnostic accuracy between ChatGPT-4V, which processed both text and image data, and its counterpart, ChatGPT-4, which only uses text data.

METHODS

We identified a total of 557 case reports published in the American Journal of Case Reports from January 2022 to March 2023. After excluding cases that were nondiagnostic, pediatric, and lacking image data, we included 363 case descriptions with their final diagnoses and associated images. We compared the diagnostic accuracy of ChatGPT-4V and ChatGPT-4 without vision based on their ability to include the final diagnoses within differential diagnosis lists. Two independent physicians evaluated their accuracy, with a third resolving any discrepancies, ensuring a rigorous and objective analysis.

RESULTS

The integration of image data into ChatGPT-4V did not significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy, showing that final diagnoses were included in the top 10 differential diagnosis lists at a rate of 85.1% (n=309), comparable to the rate of 87.9% (n=319) for the text-only version (P=.33). Notably, ChatGPT-4V’s performance in correctly identifying the top diagnosis was inferior, at 44.4% (n=161), compared with 55.9% (n=203) for the text-only version (P=.002, χ2 test). Additionally, ChatGPT-4’s self-reports showed that image data accounted for 30% of the weight in developing the differential diagnosis lists in more than half of cases.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings reveal that currently, ChatGPT-4V predominantly relies on textual data, limiting its ability to fully use the diagnostic potential of visual information. This study underscores the need for further development of multimodal generative AI systems to effectively integrate and use clinical image data. Enhancing the diagnostic performance of such AI systems through improved multimodal data integration could significantly benefit patient care by providing more accurate and comprehensive diagnostic insights. Future research should focus on overcoming these limitations, paving the way for the practical application of advanced AI in medicine.