bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The current state and main directions of improving customs control in Ukraine
Authors: Andriyko Olha , Korneva Tetiana
Published: March 2020

The article highlights the theoretical aspects of the organization of state control and customs control in the field of customs. The current state of customs control and its legal regulation are analyzed, which allowed us to conclude that the reorganization of customs authorities in 2012–2019 was carried out without appropriate scientific justification, the study of European experience and the consideration of national legislation and customs practice. The main tasks and functions of customs control during the movement of goods across the customs border of Ukraine by subjects of foreign economic activity are determined. It is proposed to review and prioritize the implementation of the basic functions of customs control, based on the interests of national security. The forms of customs control are analyzed. The practice of implementing post-customs control as a form of control, which is used by the administrations of European countries, is examined through the prism of the stages: previous, current and subsequent control. The main tasks and functions of customs control during the movement of goods across the customs border of Ukraine by subjects of foreign economic activity are determined. It is proposed to review and prioritize the implementation of the basic functions of customs control, based on the interests of national security. The forms of customs control are analyzed. The practice of implementing post-customs control as a form of control, which is used by the administrations of European countries, is examined through the prism of the stages: previous, current and subsequent control. The necessity of consolidating the efforts of the customs service, government and the public to create truly partnerships between the customs authorities and the business community with the aim of achieving a balance of interest of people who move goods across the customs border of Ukraine, overcoming “sulfur” and “black” schemes is noted. Important steps were noted regarding the implementation of best international practices in the activities of customs authorities. Directions are proposed for improving the legal regulation of customs control by introducing into the Customs Code and clearly defining the priority tasks of customs authorities, and their compliance with European standards. The necessity of adopting a new law “On the Customs Tariff of Ukraine” is substantiated.
System guarantees of OSINT in the sphere of anti-corruption activities in law enforcement agencies
Authors: Shcherban Viacheslav
Published: March 2020

In the article the specific of OSINT guarantees functioning in the field of anti-corruption activities in law enforcement agencies are analyzed. The author classified the system of such legal guarantees. The legal nature of each of the guarantees has been investigated. Their relationship, nature and role have been clarified. Their content and importance for the proper functioning of OSINT in the field of anticorruption activities in law enforcement agencies are described.

It is proved that the system of guarantees of OSINT functioning in the field of anti-corruption activity in law enforcement agencies is the following guarantees:

1) guarantee of the right of law enforcement agencies to collect, store, use information freely, if it does not violate the secrecy of correspondence, telephone conversations, telegraph and other correspondence, and does not consist in the collection, storage, use of confidential information;

2) guaranteeing the creation of mechanisms for the exercise of the right to information by law enforcement agencies in the process of conducting open-source intelligence;

3) guarantee of free access of law enforcement authorities to statistical data, archival, library and museum funds, other information banks, databases, information resources and receipt of necessary information from all state authorities, enterprises, organizations and institutions, including banks, regardless of form property, including information from automated information and reference systems, databases, property information, income, expenses, financial liabilities of persons who declare them in the prescribed the law of the order, information about the use of funds of the State Budget of Ukraine, disposal of state or communal property;

4) guarantee of openness of information on the financial status of the subject of authority;

5) guarantee of receiving information from its managers;

6) guarantee of maximum simplification of the procedure for obtaining public information.
Legal nature of the Power Purchase Agreement at the feed-in-tariff
Authors: Nykytchenko Nataliia , Gordienko Katerina
Published: March 2020

The article analyzes the procedure of buying the electricity according to the feed-in-tariff (FIT) and the model («Typovyi») Power Purchase Agreement, in connection with the introduction of a new electricity market and the order of Renewable producers` business. Specific features of the model Power Purchase Agreement conclusion between Renewable producers and the Guaranteed Buyer are defined. It also analyzed the differences between the model Power Purchase Agreement and the oriental agreement as well as researched a mechanism of investors protection who would invest in the Renewable projects. The authors of the article have made a comparative analysis of the different Power Purchase Agreement`s editions, in particular: actual model agreement form and oriental agreement according to which the Renewable producers are no longer work but the provisions contained therein make it possible to analyze the process and the reasons for adoption of the new one form.

Effectiveness of a new electricity market introduction from July 1, 2019 depends on the regulation of the activities for all the market participants. Special operating conditions have been provided for the Renewable electricity producers. In particular, with the introduction of a new market, Renewable electricity producers began to sell electricity to the Guaranteed Buyer, the successor of the SE «Energorynok». However, in order to implement the new procedure of work for the Renewable producers, the Regulator needed to approve certain regulatory acts. With this purpose, in September 2018, the National Commission for State Regulation in the Fields of Energy and Utilities published a draft resolution «On approval of regulatory acts regulating the activity of a guaranteed buyer and purchase of electricity at feed-in-tariff», which contained the form a new model contract for the sale of electricity at feed-in-tariff between a Guaranteed buyer and an entity that produces electricity using alternative energy sources as well as the order of purchase and sale of electricity at FIT.

As rightly expected, the approval of these regulations is an important element not only for functioning of the new electricity market, but also for the continued growth of electricity production from renewable energy sources and attracting international investments.
Substitution of debtor in obligatory legal relationships
Authors: Riabokon Ievgen
Published: March 2020

The author pays attention to the issues of the dynamics of obligatory relationships, providing the possibility of their participants’ substitutions. It is noted that the content of the current civil legislation of Ukraine creates grounds for identifying the notions of “substitution of the debtor in the obligation” and “transfer of debt”, which is unacceptable. The author draws a distinction between these notions, alleges that the transfer of debt is only one of the reasons for the substitution of the debtor in the obligation.

       Due to the fact that a basic factor that resulted a perception of the synonymy of the notions “replacement of debtor” and “translation of debt” is an imperfect formulation of Art. 520 of Civil Code of Ukraine, in a perspective legislation it is necessary substantially to extend the grounds of replacement of debtor in an obligation.

       It is expedient to define in text of this norm, which one legal facts, that entail legal succession, also result in replacement of debtor in an obligation. These facts may include: inheritance, reorganization of legal entity by confluence, joining, division and transformation, allotment that is not the type of reorganization by the law, agreement on transfer of debt.

     The grounds for replacing the debtor (in part of transferring debts) should be considered a transfer of contract providing for the transfer of rights and obligations in a mutual obligation; acquisition of rights of the enterprise as a single property complex, which may include debts under part 2 of Art. 191 Civil Code of Ukraine; changing the owner of the thing that is the subject of the contract, as a result of which the acquirer becomes the assignee of the party both in terms of rights and duties (part 4 of article 358, part 1 of article 770 of the Civil Code of Ukraine); other grounds defining features of the succession of obligations.

         A critical attitude was expressed regarding the expediency of introducing into civil law such a ground for replacing a debtor as accepting a debt. It is argued that acceptance of a debt can be understood as an extremely wide area of different legal relationships, that could be associated with substituting the previous debtor with a new one and causing succession, or aiming at changes in the subjects, not connected with the substituting of the debtor and not causing the emergence of the succession. Attention is paid to the peculiarities of judicial practice in the field of application of the legislation on the substitution of a debtor in obligations.
The sphere of land relations as a component of administrative and legal regulation subject
Authors: Zalievskyi Vladyslav
Published: March 2020

The author’s approach to defining the range of land-related and ground-related phenomena based on administrative law is proposed in the article. The availability of subject authority power relations in the structure and the fulfillment of relevant functions is the main criterion for the separation of such relations. The expediency of using the term “sphere of land relations” as those arising in connection with the exercise of power by the executive authorities and bodies of local self-government is validated and the subject of the relations is land, ground area, rights to them, as well as objects and subjects derived from them.

Land relations are one of the largest in volume masses regulated by the norms of public relations law where an absolute majority of both private and public entities are involved. However, due to the diversity of such entities and differences in their legal status, the legal regulation of land relations uses the methods inherent in both civil and administrative law. In addition, in terms of the land law the existence of its own legal regulation method is emphasized.

A great deal of research has been devoted to the issues of administrative and legal regulation of land relations, in particular by such scientists as E. Gladkova, M. Kovalsky, V. Pakhomov, M. Shulga, O. Nevmerzhitsky, D. Busuyok and others. Relevant papers from the administrative law point of view emphasize that a great part of the relations which have the subject of land and the phenomena connected with the ground are covered by the subject of administrative law.

The aim of this article is to determine the range boundaries of land-related and ground-related phenomena that are regulated by administrative law.

Taking into account the normative definition peculiarities of the “land relations” concept content in order to make scientific research, it is more correct to use the term “administrative and legal regulation in the field of land relations” in comparison with the term “administrative and legal regulation of land relations”. The term “sphere of land relations”, in our opinion, should be understood as a set of relations, which in addition to land includes relations arising in connection with the exercise of power by executive authorities and local governments and the subject of these relations is land, ground area, rights to them, and subjects and objects derived from them.
Participation of the lawyer in forced enforcement of decisions in simplified cases
Authors: Lubiana Kateryna
Published: March 2020

The article is devoted to investigating the specifics of the lawyer’s involvement in enforcement of decisions in summary proceedings. The issues of the essence of the enforcement proceedings and its parties, the order of enforcement of decisions, as well as the peculiarities of the participation of a lawyer at each stage of enforcement of decisions are considered.

It is substantiated that the execution of decisions in the cases of simplified proceedings is carried out on the general basis, characteristic for the enforcement of decisions in the cases of lawsuit.

Summarized that the specifics of the lawyer’s involvement in enforcement of decisions in summary proceedings are as follows:

1) the lawyer in enforcement of decisions in the cases of simplified proceedings may represent the interests of the debtor or the debtor;

2) the powers of the lawyer as a representative in the enforcement of decisions in cases of simplified proceedings shall be certified by a warrant, an order of a body or institution authorized by law to provide free legal aid, or a contract for legal aid;

3) the peculiarity of the cases of the summary proceedings is in the order of their consideration, the terms, the peculiarities of the proceedings, however, the procedure for the execution of the decisions in the cases of the summary proceedings is general, and therefore in this context the activity of the lawyer is carried out on a general basis;

4) the competence of attorneys representing the debtor and the debtor differs - they are given the same rights and obligations, but the debtor’s lawyer is obliged to additionally ensure that his client’s legal requirements are fulfilled by the court decision.

The article contains conclusion that the peculiarities of the lawyer’s participation in enforcement of decisions in the cases of simplified proceedings are conditioned by his ability to represent the interests of the debtor or the debtor and a competence that is different in each of these cases.
Decriminalizing Illegal Enrichment: Politics or Rule of Law?
Authors: Podhorets Serhii
Published: March 2020

Corruption crimes pose a great public threat and actually encroach the normal functioning of various spheres of life. Corruption crimes are a major problem that needs to be addressed at the legislative level. Unfortunately, the issue of composing some provisions of the Criminal Code of Ukraine has led to the exclusion of the provision on illegal enrichment from among criminal acts. This decision was made by the Constitutional Court of Ukraine by deeming Article 368-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine "Illegal enrichment" unconstitutional.

Fifty-nine National Deputies submitted their appeal to the Constitutional Court of Ukraine to determine whether Article 368-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine was in conformity with the Constitution of Ukraine. The Constitutional Court of Ukraine therefore began to examine the matter and reached a decision. The decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine established that Article 368-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine was not in conformity with the Constitution of Ukraine. In its decision, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine emphasized that countering corruption should be carried out by legal means only, in compliance with the constitutional principles and with the provisions of legislation adopted in accordance with the Constitution of Ukraine.

This decision was not adopted unanimously, since some judges took a completely different position in the matter. Such disagreement resulted in some individual and dissenting opinions of the judges regarding the decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine. The individual opinions were expressed by the following judges: Viktor Kolisnyk, Stanislav Shevchuk, Ihor Slidenko, Oleh Pervomaiskyi, Vasyl’ Lemak, Viktor Gorodovenko. Judge Serhiy Golovatyi expressed a dissenting opinion as he is convinced that his colleagues' position on decriminalization of Article 368-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine is erroneous.

The decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine on deeming Article 368-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine "Illegal enrichment" unconstitutional was not reflected in the clear position of the judges reaching it. That is why the judges expressed the individual opinions and the dissenting opinion.

Meanwhile, the adopted Draft Law № 1031 “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Confiscation of Illegal Assets of Persons Authorized Serving for State or for Local Self-Government and on Punishment for Acquiring Such Assets” proposes to reinstate criminal liability for illegal enrichment, taking into consideration the position set forth in the decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine.
Social conditionality of protection of the order of execution of court decisions
Authors: Yusubov Kostіantyn
Published: March 2020

The article deals with the social conditionality of the criminal and legal protection of the enforcement of court decisions.

The grounds and principles of setting up criminal responsibility for not fulfilling court decision are being investigated. The grounds of setting up criminal responsibility for not fulfilling court decision were researched on the light of different theories of criminalization. One of them proceeds from its understanding as an integral part of criminal law policy. According other theory criminalization is a system of crimes that are written in the criminal law also as result of legislative activity of the state.

Based on the above, it can be concluded that, regardless of the chosen theoretical model of criminalization of action, the social conditionality of criminal protection of non-enforcement of a court decision is characterized by all the characteristics that lead to the conclusion that it is appropriate to criminalize such behavior.

The main factors (grounds, criteria) of criminalizing the non-enforcement of a court decision include: 1) socially dangerous of behavior that encroaches on the authority of justice, since the execution of a court decision is one of the guarantees of access to justice; 2) the widespread prevalence of this socially dangerous behavior that gave rise to ECHR finding of the systemic nature of non-enforcement of judgments in Ukraine; 3) the need to fulfill the international obligations arising from the membership of Ukraine in the Council of Europe and the recognition of the jurisdiction of the ECHR, which leads to the implementation of general measures.

These factors determine the need to influence the public relations by criminal law measures, however, taking into account the principle of saving criminal repression.
Functions of the state: concepts, classifications, scientific interpretations
Authors: Butsan Marharyta
Published: March 2020

In the article the concept of state functions, realizing which the state carries out a targeted management impact on various spheres of a public life. They show that the government should do to achieve and implement the goals and tasks that lie before him in a certain historical period. Purposes of the functions of the state are the results that must be obtained in implementing the functions, goals can be immediate, intermediate, ultimate. On one stage of historical development, priority may be given to economic, the other political or socio-cultural functions, the third function of defense, etc. At the beginning of its inception, the state played a very small list of functions. The contents of most of them was of a pronounced class character. The functions manifest national characteristics of the country, because the state is obliged to provide the geopolitical interests of the ethnic group, to support the development of national culture, language, and the like. The contents and the list of functions to a large extent depend on the nature of the state, its social purpose in public life. The main duty of the state to maintain a level of social organization that would ensure not only the preservation of the integrity and prosperity of society as a whole, but also the needs of individuals. The article studies scientific approaches with respect to interpretation of the concept of functions, given the existing classification of state functions: the areas of activities of the state, duration and the like. The analysis of existing functions in Ukraine. The human rights function is currently the most relevant. Advocacy function has the expression in activities that are aimed at protecting the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, the rule of law and the rule of law in all spheres of public and political life. The peculiarities of exercise of the functions of the state are divided into legal and organizational. The legal form is a homogenous activity of state bodies related to the adoption of legal acts. Organizational form is a homogenous activity of the state aimed at creating organizational conditions to ensure functions of the state. In Ukraine there are three main forms of implementation of the activities of the state depending on types of activities: legislative, Executive, judicial. The basis for this separation is the provision of the Constitution of Ukraine, which is highlighted in these branches of government. In the implementation of all main functions of the state are actively involved all types of public power in Ukraine.
The electronic commerce legal regulation features within the European Union
Authors: Pashkov Kirill
Published: March 2020

Considering that improving access to digital goods and services, creating an environment where digital networks and services can thrive, positioning of digitalization as the driving force of everything new, it becomes clear that an e-commerce legal platform of EU business entities activity will soon be subject to review in the EU and in connection with this fact, the study of the features of modern legal regulation of electronic commerce within the EU becomes both theoretical and practical relevance and significance.

         The article deals with the peculiarities of legal regulation of electronic commerce within the European Union. The author of the article has analyzed in detail the legal framework and the legal norms that regulate the implementation of e-commerce in the EU and which have the greatest impact on the implementation of foreign economic activity. These norms were grouped in three directions: 1) norms that set the country of origin principle; 2) rules that recognize the legal force of electronic contracts and regulate the procedure for their conclusion; 3) rules that limit the liability of third party content providers. For this research, an analysis of secondary law of the European Union governing the conduct of electronic commerce within the Union has been carried out. Particular attention is paid to the study of the provisions of Directive 2000/31/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2000 on certain legal aspects of information services, in particular e-commerce, in the internal market, namely, on the internal market, aimed at promoting the development of the EU information services market in the EU, on the principles of the conclusion of electronic agreements in the EU, a list of the minimum information that the information society service provider must give to the customer in the EU, as well as the provisions minimizing the Internet intermediaries liability for the actions of third parties related to the implementation of electronic commerce.
A New Paranormed Series Space and Matrix Transformations
Authors: HAZAR GÜLEÇ G. Canan
Published: March 2020

Recently, Hazar and Sarıgöl have defined and studied the series space |C₋₁|_{p} for 1≤p<∞ in [1]. The aim of this study is to introduce a new paranormed space |C₋₁|(p), where p=(p_{k}) is a bounded sequence of positive real numbers, which extends the results of Hazar and Sarıgöl in [1] to paranormed space. Besides this, we investigate topological properties and compute the α-,β-, and γ duals of this paranormed space. Finally, we characterize the classes of infinite matrices (|C₋₁|(p),μ) and (μ,|C₋₁|(p)), where μ is any given sequence spaces
Some Notes on Soft Topological Concepts and an Application Method
Authors: KANDEMİR Mustafa Burç
Published: March 2020

In this paper, using the concept of soft topology given in \cite{Mbk} i.e. with our new perspective of soft topology, we give some basic topological concepts such as open soft set, closed soft set, interior and closure of a soft set. We then give the concept of soft continuity of a given function between soft topological spaces, and from here we also define the concept of soft homeomorphism and argue the all obtained results. At the end of the article, we propose a decision-making method using soft topological concepts.
Numerical Analysis of the Ground-State Magnetic Moments of ${}^{143,145,147}{\rm{Sm}}$ Isotopes
Authors: GÜNER Mehmet
Published: March 2020

The explanation of the ground state magnetic properties of odd-mass nuclei is very informative in understanding of the complex structure of the deformed nuclei. The ground-state magnetic moments of most of the odd-A deformed nuclei have been measured by various experimental studies and there are numerous studies in the literature. However, many of the theoretical studies on magnetic moments and spin polarization effects affecting them are far from explaining these measured values. In this paper, the magnetic moments and effective spin g factors of 143,145,147Sm isotopes in the lanthanides region of the periodic table were investigated within the framework of the Quasiparticle-Phonon Nuclear Model (QPNM) for the first time. Spin-spin interaction parameters (χ) were determined by comparing theoretical and experimental values of magnetic moments of the related isotopes and it was determined that these interactions were found to have an isovector character (q = -1). It has been observed that the ground-state structures of the studied isotopes are weakly affected by quasiparticlephonon interactions and the contribution of these interactions ( values) to the ground-state wave functions is quite small (around 0.01%). Theoretical explanation of the renormalization of spin gyromagnetic factor is one of the most important problems of nuclear structure physics. The results obtained in this study for the effective spin gyromagnetic factor also agree with the phenological value .
Les champs captants de la vallée de l’Escrebieux - 116 ha boisés pour protéger durablement la ressource en eau et la biodiversité
Authors: ANSART F.
Published: March 2020

Menacée par les pollutions diffuses, la vallée de l’Escrebieux (région Hauts-de-France) a bénéficié au début des années 2000 de l’association de deux collectivités pour protéger cette ressource en eau primordiale. La communauté d’agglomération Hénin-Carvin (CAHC) et la ville de Douai ont ainsi acquis le site du Marais et le domaine de la Chaumière pour entreprendre un programme de reboisement sur 116 ha afin de protéger durablement les périmètres de protection des captages et de reconquérir la qualité de l’eau. Les sites aménagés depuis 15 ans ont fait l’objet d’une étude faune/flore commandée par la CAHC et la communauté d’agglomération du Douaisis (Douaisis Agglo). Les résultats de cette étude permettent d’établir un état des lieux sur la biodiversité des sites ainsi que des recommandations de gestion permettant d’associer valorisation du patrimoine naturel et protection de la ressource en eau.
Évaluation précoce de la restauration écologique passive de ripisylves de ruisseaux remis dans le talweg
Authors: LAURENT Y. , LE COEUR D. , ROLLET A.-J. , BERNEZ I.
Published: March 2020

Les remises dans le talweg des ruisseaux de têtes de bassin versant français sont l’aménagement actif le plus représenté dans les plans d’actions des techniciens de rivière pour la période 2018-2019 (sondage réalisé dans le cadre du programme « Berceau » de la région Bretagne). Or les néoberges recréées lors du creusement du lit mineur à son point bas sont mises à nu par les travaux de génie civil, créant un lit et des berges ex nihilo, engendrant un risque érosif fort dans la période qui suit immédiatement les travaux. On teste ici une méthode de reverdissement de ces berges par restauration écologique passive, s’appuyant sur la capacité de résilience des communautés végétales ligneuses. Cette étude montre que dès le stade pionnier (année n+1 à +3 après travaux) le recrutement spontané est efficace, qu’il est le fait principalement d’Alnus glutinosa (l’aulne glutineux), qu’il n’est pas monotone le long des secteurs en travaux, mais présente bien une répartition en mosaïque et que, malgré cette dominance d’une espèce, d’autres taxons sont recrutés, augurant d’une restauration écologique efficace et plus diversifiée, gommant ainsi les effets des travaux d’ingénierie civile sur l’écosystème.
Soda Molek: Efektifitas Pelayanan Publik Di Kelurahan Naikoten II Kecamatan Kota Raja Kota Kupang
Authors: Manafe Christo Vorando
Published: March 2020

Dalam rangka mendukung tata kelola Pemerintahan yang baik maka perlu dilakukan inovasi dalam pelayanan publik sebagai ruang bagi Pemerintah untuk memperbaiki sistem pelayanan yang selama ini kurang baik. Untuk itu, Pemerintah Kelurahan Naikoten II meluncurkan sebuah program inovasi pelayanan publik yang diberi nama SODA MOLEK. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana efektivitas pelayanan publik dengan menggunakan aplikasi SODA MOLEK di Kelurahan Naikoten II, jugauntuk menghimpun data dan informasi yang diperlukan terkait dengan faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitasnya. Teknik penentuan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan pada Kantor Lurah Naikoten II Kecamatan Kota Raja Kota Kupang. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dan jenis penelitiannya adalah studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum pelayanan publik menggunakan SODA MOLEK sangat efektif. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh faktor  ketersediaan SDM, disiplin pegawai, dan komitmen layanan publik, serta adanya dukungan dari pihak yang berkepentingan, selain dari dukungan sarana prasarana dan anggaran.
Buying Sweet Memories: The Heritagization of Food Souvenirs in Northern Portugal
Authors: Bernardo Edgar , Rodrigues Vitor
Published: March 2020

Douro, Portugal is a tourism destination increasingly sought after by its natural and cultural landscapes, where the wineries and wine production act as central attractions. As a world-renowned tourism product, wine draws most of the interest in this subregion. Nonetheless, many other
gastronomic attractions can be found, including local products such as honey, dairy products, jams, as well as characteristic dishes from the northern Portuguese in-land and from other parts of Portugal. Food and beverages are consumed on location, but also taken home by tourists as souvenirs.
Delicacies go through processes of certification and heritagization and are marketed as a tourism product, a process that often creates problems and consequences unforeseen by locals, authorities, or businesses. This article analyzes the certification process of a regional Douro delicacy and
the issues that followed, namely consequences for producers and local communities, but also the symbolic, political, and economic repercussions. This qualitative research demonstrates how the certification process of food souvenirs can entail an intense symbolic power conflict between different
producers with economic implications that segregates key stakeholders and threatens to crystallize the cultural dynamic of food production, innovation, and reinvention.
GHB Dependent Changes in PEA-15 Gene Expression in Different Human Cell Lines
Authors: Abdullah Asia , Ellis Elizabeth
Published: March 2020

Background. Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is found to be present endogenously in mammalian brains. It has been abused increasingly in recent years, particularly in date rape sexual assaults. Metabolism of GHB happens very rapidly; it disappears within 12 hours, making its detection in criminal cases very complicated.
Aim. This study intended to determine whether PEA-15 gene expression in human cell lines can be used as a marker for expanding the window of GHB detection beyond 12 hours.
Methods. The effects of GHB on cell viability was determined by use of the MTT assay. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blots were used to assess the effect of GHB exposure on PEA-15 mRNA and protein levels respectively in human brain and blood cells.
Results. The viability of human brain cells was decreased as GHB concentrations increased. PEA-15 mRNA levels increased in 1321N1 and SH-SY5Y cells by 4.2- and 3.7-fold respectively, after a 100 µM GHB treatment (p<0.01 both), but with no change at 1µM GHB. However, PEA-15 mRNA levels were increased significantly in THP-1 cells by 40.8-fold after a 10 µM GHB treatment (p<0.01), but with no change at 900 µM GHB. PEA-15 protein expression levels were increased in THP-1 cells by 1.9- and 1.6-fold (p<0.001) after 10µM and 900µM GHB treatments respectively, and increased in SH-SY5Y cells by 1.6-fold (p<0.05) after a 100 µM GHB treatment. However, there were no changes in PEA-15 protein levels in SH-SY5Y cells after 24 hours of GHB exposure.
Conclusion. The results of this study on human cell lines support the previous study in mice, which suggests PEA-15 levels as a possible surrogate marker for GHB administration beyond 12 hours. Additional studies are required.
Keywords. GHB, PEA-15, SH-SY5Y cells, SH-SY5Y cells, and THP-1 cells.
Komunikasi Pemasaran Pariwisata Berbasis Digital (Studi pada Desa Sambangan Kabupaten Buleleng)
Authors: Suryadinatha Gorda A. A. Ngurah Oka , Widya Hadi Saputra Widya Hadi Saputra , Yunita Anggreswari Ni Putu
Published: March 2020

Sambangan Village is one of 10 villages designated by the Government of the Regency of Buleleng as a Tourism Village based on the Decree of the Regent of Buleleng number 430/927 / HK / 2015 dated December 21st, 2015. Sambangan Village has good tourism potential to develop including natural waterfalls, the traditional fertility system using terracing models, accommodation facilities (villas and restaurants), spiritual tourism, and tourist attractions (tracking paths, water rides, and camping ground). However, the development of tourism objects in Sambangan Village is not optimal, the number of tourists coming to Buleleng Regency does not necessarily increase tourism visits to Sambangan Village. This is due to lack of marketing and supporting resources. Utilization of digital marketing that is developing at this time has not been done well. The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of visits, marketing models that have been carried out and analyze effective digital-based marketing strategies. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach, data collection using interview and observation techniques, and use triangulation techniques to check the validity of the data. Results from this study indicate that the marketing activities undertaken by Village Sambangan still needs to be improved as well as the need for specialized training for managers of tourist attraction.
Peran Komunikasi Hindu Terhadap Perilaku Pemuda Yang Ajeg Bali di Tengah Pusaran Globalisasi
Authors: Tegar Prabawa Bagus Ade , Sutriyanti Ni Komang
Published: March 2020

In the era of globalization the development of science and technology is developing very rapidly. With the development of science and technology many foreign cultures / foreign cultures have entered Bali. Bali is one of the provinces in Indonesia which is known as the island of a thousand temples, so that a lot of Balinese culture is starting to fade. Youth plays a very important role in the success of a nation. Ajeg bali is an identity politics or movement to maintain Balinese ethnic identity that aims to restore Balinese society in the context of the experience of the teachings of Hinduism and Balinese culture (re-Balinization and re-Hinduisasi). Ajeg Bali is closely related to the implementation of the Tri Hita Karana concept in social life. Where the implementation of the steady Balinese concept is expected to create harmony in Bali and preservation of traditions and culture in Bali. Youth in Bali do not consider Ajeg Bali to be a stagnant concept but rather a conscious and sustainable modernization. In practice, Balinese youth are able to defend their identity and culture from the new values ​​and culture that globalization promotes. Cultural hegemony, has become quite painful for the people of Bali. Until then redefining the role of all elements of Balinese society, especially young people, trying to restore the meaning of Balinese culture and traditions in the daily breath of its people. Efforts to preserve the tradition above the Ajeg Bali movement lead to an increase in the strength of young Balinese so as not to fall into the conquest of global cultural hegemony. Bali's steady design even though it had to pass the commodification of the practical political interests of the authorities, but in its course this design was identified as a cultural movement.
Analysis of gender parity in climate change adaptation actions within Kajiado and Kiambu counties, Kenya
Authors: Nunow Abdimajid , Nzioka John Muthama  , Kinama Josiah Mwivandi
Published: March 2020

Kenya remains susceptible to climate change due to the dependence on rain-fed agriculture with limited climate change adaptation capacity. This study sought to establish the influence of gender roles on climate change adaptation in two different ago-climatic zones namely, Kajiado East and Central within Kajiado County in the arid part of Kenya and Kabete and Kikuyu within Kiambu County in the highlands region. A survey was conducted on 312 households, six gendered focus group discussions, and fourteen key informant interviews. Frequency analysis was used for descriptive statistics. Chi-square was used to test for statistical associations between variables (p?0.05). The findings showed that Kajiado County has experienced more climate change-related household food insecurity in comparison to Kiambu County. Only 12% of the respondents in Kiambu County indicated having experienced extreme household food insecurity related to climate change. The findings showed 66% of the respondents in Kajiado County considered herd mobility as the most important climate change adaptation strategy while in Kiambu 56% of the respondents considered changing of planting dates as the most important climate change adaptation strategy. Frequency analysis results indicated that there is more gender disparity in Kajiado than Kiambu County as shown by women having the least access and control over household land in both the rainy and extended drought periods. The gender disparity was confirmed by the chi-square test. Chi-square test results for full control of household land during the extended drought season in Kajiado county was (c2= 102.3, df = p? 0.1). It was concluded that the autonomous nature of the adaptation strategies coupled with the influence of gender roles impedes achieving effective climate change adaptation strategies at the household level. There is a need for planned gender-sensitive adaptation actions to cushion local communities against climate change and enhance household food security.
New styryl based organic chromophores including free amino and azomethine groups: Syntheses, photophysical, NLO and thermal properties
Authors: Putra Anka Utama , Çakmaz Deniz , Seferoğlu Nurgül , Barsella Alberto , Seferoğlu Zeynel
Published: March 2020

In this manuscript, we have successfully synthesized and characterized a new series of styryl based push-pull dyes containing free amino group and their Schiff bases derivatives in which dicyanomethylene was used as the acceptor group and different para-substituted alkylamines as the donor groups and 2-pyridyl as proton sensitive group. All compounds showed absorption in the visible region and green-red emission with low quantum yields. The photophysical properties were examined in various solvents with different polarities. The absorption and emission maxima were shifted bathocromically by increasing solvents polarity however, there was no regular correlation with polarity parameter. Significant red shifts were observed in the absorption and fluorescence emission maxima on increasing the electron-donating ability of the substituents. The observed color changes were photographed naked eyes and under illuminating UV-lamp. The pH sensitive properties of newly prepared Schiff bases against TBAOH were examined inside DMSO, furthermore their reserve protonation were also investigated using TFA. The structural and electronic properties of all newly synthesized compounds were studied using DFT calculation. In addition, NLO property of compounds were investigated by DFT. For determination thermal properties of all compounds were investigated and they showed good thermal stability up to 250 oC by TGA analyses under inert atmosphere. Our results indicate that the styryl based new push-pull dyes are promising candidate materials for NLO and pH applications.
How can one kill someone twice in Indonesian? Causal pluralism at the syntax-semantics interface
Authors: Sato Yosuke
Published: March 2020

This paper investigates the non-culminating, zero change-of-state construal of causative accomplishment verbs as well as its origin in Indonesian in order to shed light on the event/conceptual structure of this verb class. The paper first presents novel data illustrating that this construal is possible with an agentive subject, but not with a causer subject, thereby lending support to the Agent Control Hypothesis (Demirdache and Martin 2015), which is known to regulate the relationship between agentivity and non-culmination. The paper then addresses the question of why Indonesian exhibits this agentive-sensitive distribution of the non-culminating interpretation. This fact is argued to follow from a close interaction of Martin’s (2019) event-tokenization theory of two types of causation with the maximality requirement of the weak perfective operator (Altshuler 2014) independently developed for languages such as Thai, Hindi and Chinese. The proposed analysis receives support from time-frame adverbials and different interpretations imposed on VP complementation under aspectual predicates.
Korean KE compounds as novel evidence for phrase-to-word compounding in the Syntax
Authors: Sung Moonhyun
Published: March 2020

This paper reports on undocumented Korean data, dubbed as KE compounds and analyzes the structure thereof syntactically by alluding to detailed nominal structure and previous (re)analyses of compounding in the syntax, especially addressing the debate between Lexicalism and Anti-lexicalism. Korean KE compounds cannot be analyzed as typical CPs, despite surficial similarities, and they require an analysis with finer nominal structure and compounding in the syntax. Therefore, Korean KE compounding advocates the idea of finer nominal structure and syntactic operations substituting for lexical processes. The paper goes as follows. Firstly, I will outline the ongoing question in linguistic architecture around the lexicon, by addressing the major points and analysis on compounding that Lexicalism and Anti-lexicalism provide, respectively. Secondly, I will report Korean KE compounds data and show how they differ from typical Korean CP constructions. Lastly, I will analyze Korean KE compounding using finer nominal structure and the ideas of forming compounds using syntactic operations. That is, Korean KE compounding is an AspP-to-nP nominalization.
Why is L1 not easy to hear?
Authors: Mizuguchi Shinobu , Tateishi Koichi
Published: March 2020

We naively believe that L1 is easier to hear than L2. Generally, this belief is correct, but not always. Japanese contrastive focus is more challenging to identify than English focus even for L1 speakers.  To account for why Japanese is hard to perceive, we first conducted production and perception experiments, to understand linguistic mechanisms.  We found that Japanese lacks a part of focus effects and is an acoustically weak language contra previous studies. English, on the other hand, is an acoustically strong language and uses the F0 feature as a focus cue. We then conducted an fMRI experiment to see whether or not linguistic mechanisms for them are implemented in the brain. We found that we employ different neural networks to process English and Japanese; the right dorsolateral frontal cortex is activated to process Japanese CF, but not English CF. Japanese is a pitch language and requires processing both lexical accents and pitch contours. English, on the other hand, needs to process lexical accent only, and it activates left superior temporal gyrus, insular, and supramargical regions, but not right dorsolateral frontal cortex. We conclude that processing burdens lead to perception difficulty, even for L1 Japanese speakers.
Ellipsis as obliteration: Evidence from Bengali negative allomorphy
Authors: Banerjee Neil
Published: March 2020

Bengali has two negative markers: ni with perfects, and na everywhere else. When a perfect is elided, however, only the elsewhere form is permissible. Hence, in Bengali, ellipsis bleeds allomorphy. Ellipsis in Bengali is analysed as PF deletion, since differential object marking and quirky case are preserved out of ellipsis sites. Given these facts, this paper argues that in a Distributed Morphology framework, ellipsis in Bengali is implemented as terminal obliteration prior to Vocabulary Insertion. This contrasts with Irish, where it appears stress placement bleeds ellipsis. Some implications for the timing of ellipsis cross-linguistically are discussed.
Making questions with tone: Polar question formation in Kinyarwanda
Authors: Jarnow Alexander
Published: March 2020

Kinyarwanda is a Bantu language with one phonemic (H) tone (Kimenyi 2002). This can phonetically realized as high, low, rising, and falling. This talk addresses the tonological discrepancy between declaratives and polar questions in Kinyarwanda. Kimenyi(1980) briefly addresses Kinyarwanda polar questions and describes them as “a rising pitch at the sentence final position”. This generalization captures crucially cannot predict polar questions in which there is no LHL contour at the end of the sentence. I argue that what polar questions share is (a) suspension of downstep on the rightmost lexical H and (b) deletion of all word-final prosodic H. Kinyarwanda forms a prosodic structure that takes the scope of the question. This expands on Richards (2010) analysis of wh-questions. Kinyarwanda marks the right edges of prosodic words using boundary tones, similar to Chichewa (Kanerva 1990; Myers 1996).
The role of L2 proficiency in simultaneous attention to form and meaning in L2 German
Authors: Rubina Angelina
Published: March 2020

Within VanPatten’s (1990, 2004) framework of input processing, this study investigates how different types of form-meaning attentional conditions affect comprehension of written input. VanPatten’s (1990, 2004) views learners as limited capacity processors, attending to content before grammatical form, and argues that attention to form takes away some processing capacity, resulting in lower content intake. Recent research contradicts these findings (e.g., Leow, Hsieh, & Moreno 2008). However, most evidence on form-meaning connections comes from L2 Spanish (e.g., VanPatten 1990, Leow et al. 2008), which calls for evaluating the generalizability of PMP cross-linguistically. Addressing this drawback, this research assesses how intake is affected by 1) simultaneous attention to form and meaning in L2 German and 2) L2 proficiency for different attentional conditions. Results indicate that processing for form in L2 German has no significant effect on simultaneous processing for meaning and on subsequent intake, regardless of the proficiency level.