bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teknologi Penanganan, Pengolahan Limbah Ternak dan Hasil Samping Peternakan
Authors:   Peternakan, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Yaman Aman
Published: April 2021

Buku ini berisikan materi yang membahas tentang teknologi penanganan dan pengolahan limbah ternak dari berbagai sumber yang disusun berdasarkan RPS pembelajaran Ilmu Penanganan dan Pengolahan Limbah Ternak- Jurudsan Peternakan, Universitas Siyah Kuala sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu buku referensi pembelajaran ditingkat Diploma dan Strata 1 Perguruan Tinggi. Komponen dan bagian dari isi buku ini juga merupakan bersumber dari hasil kajian tulisan dari berbagi pihak yang memiliki latar belakang terkait dengan Penanganan dan Pengolahan Limbah Ternak. Buku ini secara umum ditujukan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan penambah wawasan kelimuan terkait dengan penerapan usaha dan industri peternakan tanpa limbah. Program ini memerlukan upaya sosialisasi melalu literasi sehingga peternakan “zero waste” model akan meenjadi yang sangat potensi untuk dikembangkan melalui model peternakan berbasis manajemen penanganan limbah ternak sehingga dapat memberikan nilai tambah melalui penerapan teknologi penanganan dan pengolahan limbah yang aplikatif serta mampu menghasilkan produk olahan yang bermanfaat bagi masyarakat. Harapan, semoga buku ini mampu memberikan wawasan baru bagi mahasiswa dan masyarakat akan manfaat teknologi penanganan dan pengolahan limbah ternak yang sangat luas untuk dapat dijadikan usaha atau bisnis yang menguntungkan dimasa depan guna menekan penggunakan bahan-bahan kimia yang berbahaya bagi lingkungan hidup manusia.
A Tipi Kişilik Özelliğinin Kariyerizm Eğilimi Üzerine Etkisinde Ahlaki Çözülme Eğiliminin Aracı Rolü
Authors: ERDEM Ahmet Tuncay
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı örgütler açısından sapkın ve yıkıcı davranış biçimleri olarak görülen kariyerizm eğilimi ve ahlaki çözülme eğilimlerinin A tipi kişilik özelliği kapsamında etkilerinin analiz edilmesidir. Bu doğrultuda sosyal bilişsel teori ve kontrol odağı ilkesi teorileri kapsamında kariyerizm eğiliminin birey bazında öncüllerini belirlemek amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmada kariyerizm eğilimi kavramının A tipi kişilik özelliği ve ahlaki çözülme eğilimi kavramlarıyla etkileşimi ele alınmaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında önce konular hakkında kuramsal ve kavramsal çerçeve oluşturulmuş daha sonra özel bir banka çalışanlarına yönelik uygulama yapılmıştır. Bu çerçevede araştırma örneklemini Konya’da faaliyet gösteren özel bir bankanın çalışanları oluşturmaktadır (n=360). Araştırma örnekleminden soru formu aracılığıyla veriler elde edilerek bu veriler AMOS ve SPSS programları kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Analiz kapsamında doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, korelasyon analizi ve yapısal eşitlik modeli analizleri uygulanmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre A tipi kişilik özelliğinin kariyerizm eğilimi üzerinde pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Diğer yandan A tipi kişilik özelliğinin ahlaki çözülme eğilimi üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin bulunmadığı belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte kariyerizm eğiliminin ahlaki çözülme eğilimini pozitif yönlü anlamlı olarak etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın son bulgusu olan A tipi kişilik özelliğinin kariyerizm eğilimine etkisinde ahlaki çözülmenin aracı etkisi tespit edilememiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre ahlaki çözülme eğiliminin kariyerizm eğilimini güçlendirdiği, A tipi kişilik özelliğinin de kariyerizm eğilimini arttırdığı belirlenmiştir.
Autoconocimiento a través de mi propia intención en Hegel
Authors: Castillo Vallez Javier Enrique
Published: April 2021

En el intento de la comprensión de la propia acción generalmente se ha énfasis en el carácter meramente subjetivo de ella, esto es, en la fidelidad de tal acción con una volición o estado mental interno al agente; esta posición ha sido llamada “compatibilismo” (Pippin, 2008, p. 148). Sin embargo, en el intento de describir a dicha intención y reconocerla como de dicho agente parece necesario recurrir también a su realización en el mundo, esto es, a sus condiciones de materialización y al sometimiento a la interpretación de dicha acción por otros. Esta es la posición de Hegel expuesta fundamentalmente en Die Sache selbs de la Fenomenología (2010, pp. 216 y ss). En este artículo pretendo mostrar cómo la posición de Hegel es capaz de explicar la intención humana como sometida a criterios sociales, sin perder el aspecto subjetivo de la misma.

Palabras clave: compatibilismo, incompatibilismo, interno, externo, intención, contexto social.
Por uma história do conceito jurídico de quilombo no Brasil entre os séculos XVIII e XX
Authors: Nunes Diego , Santos Vanilda Honória dos
Published: April 2021

O presente trabalho, inserido na história do direito brasileiro, tem como objetivo analisar diversas conceituações, no âmbito jurídico, de quilombo no Brasil entre os séculos XVIII e XX. Para tanto, será feita uma análise documental de registros acerca de como o direito representava os quilombos e a população quilombola em cartas, atos parlamentares, constituições e legislação, doutrina, entre outros, a partir da perspectiva de história dos conceitos de Reinhart Koselleck (1992, 2014) e de sua adaptação ao direito, por Pietro Costa (2010, 2016). O resultado é que há dois blocos conceituais: durante os séculos XVIII e XIX, verificou-se uma acepção negativa do termo quilombo nas fontes jurídicas, ao passo que durante o século XX, após passar, a maior parte, silenciado, o termo transformou-se em categoria reivindicatória de direitos. Como conclusão, percebe-se que o quilombo deixa de ser, enquanto instituição, um espaço sem direito, e, enquanto prática social, um direito sem espaço, e passam a ser, as comunidades remanescentes de quilombos, um espaço jurídico que projeta seus direitos para as demais instâncias jurídicas.
Evaluation of mathematical models to describe lamb growth during the pre-weaning phase
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Gurgel Antonio Leandro Chaves , Difante Gelson dos Santos ,   Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Emerenciano Neto João Virgínio ,   Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Fernandes Henrique Jorge ,   Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Ítavo Luís Carlos Vinhas ,   Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Ítavo Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira ,   Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Fernandes Patrick Bezerra ,   Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brixner Barbara Martins ,   Universidade de São Paulo, Bezerra José Igor Gomes ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Ribeiro Pedro Henrique Cavalcante ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of different mathematical models to describe the growth of lambs during the pre-weaning phase and the effect of sex on their growth curve. Data from 51 lambs (26 males and 25 females) with a genetic constitution of at least 50% Santa Inês breed were used. Lamb weight was monitored during the entire pre-weaning phase (91 days) by weighing the animals weekly on a scale suitable for sheep, to draw the body-weight growth curve. The adequacy of the models was evaluated by the coefficient of determination, simultaneous F-test for parameter identity, concordance correlation coefficient, root mean square error of prediction and decomposition of the mean square error of prediction. Pairwise mean square error of prediction analysis and delta Akaike information criterion were used to compare the models in terms of accuracy and precision. The evaluation of the adequacy of the tested models showed that the data predicted by the linear, quadratic and exponential models were similar (P > 0.05) to the observed data. In contrast, the monomolecular model generated predictions that could not be accepted as true. The linear and quadratic models showed better accuracy and precision. The first-degree linear model should be preferred over the other studied models to describe growth of sheep in the preweaning phase. Males and females exhibited distinct growth patterns.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Public Administration Research, Vol. 10, No. 1
Authors: Tai Gabriel
Published: April 2021

Reviewer acknowledgements for Public Administration Research, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2021.
Assessment of the Effect of Technological Innovations on Unemployment in the European Union Countries
Authors: Lydeka Zigmas , Karaliute Akvile
Published: April 2021

Innovation and unemployment are two economic elements related to each other that have been constantly analyzed in the economic debates from the beginning of the 21st century. A classical question is whether innovation creates or destroys jobs. The conventional approach contemplates innovation as a transformation instrument of an economy, resulting in economic growth and jobs creation. Another approach points out to various mechanisms which can compensate the primary effect of innovations and cause an ultimate effect of innovations on labour demand to be unclear. In view of the fact that there are many different explanations about the impact of innovations on labour demand, this paper, after the analysis of theoretical and empirical scientific literature in this field, provides an empirical analysis with unemployment as the dependent variable. The authors use data from 28 European Union countries for the period of 1992–2016 and pursue to research how technological innovations affect unemployment rate. There are two core independent variables – expenditure on R&D (research and development) and number of patent applications – as the main proxies for technological innovations. Control variables that affect unemployment are included to the model as well. The model was estimated using a dynamic two-step System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM-SYS) of a panel data system. After the composition of 12 different estimations of the model, the results suggest that, in some cases, technological innovations affect unemployment.
Convolutional Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic-based Hybrid Melanoma Diagnosis System
Authors: Yalcinkaya Fikret , Erbas Ali
Published: April 2021

Studies on the detection of early stage melanoma have recently gained significant interest. Computer aided diagnosis systems based on neural networks, machine learning, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and deep learning help early stage detection considerably. The colour and shapes of the images created by the pixels are crucial for the CNNs, as the pixels and associated pictures are interrelated just as a person’s fingerprint is unique. By observing this relationship, the pixel values of each picture with its neighborhoods were determined by a fuzzy logic-based system and a unique fingerprint matrix named Fuzzy Correlation Map (FCov-Map) was produced. The fuzzy logic system has four inputs and one output. The advantage of CNNs trained with fuzzy covariance maps is to eliminate both the limited availability of medical grade training data and the need for extensive image preprocessing. The fuzzy logic output is fed to the pretrained AlexNet CNN algorithm. To deliver a reliable result, a deep CNN needs a large amount of data to process. However, to obtain and use the required sufficient data for diseases is not cost- and time-effective. Therefore, the suggested fuzzy logic-based fuzzy correlation map is tackling this issue to solve the limitedness of training CNN data set.
Language and international relations: Linguistic support for other academic disciplines
Authors: Twardzisz Piotr
Published: April 2021

This article outlines the content of an elective university course designed for domestic and international students, combining language and international relations. The course is intended to make students more sensitive to the linguistic intricacies of a specialist variety of English. The focus is on its written modes, particularly writing and reading academic (professional) texts dealing with complex foreign policy issues. As a result, students are expected to enhance their academic writing skills. The linguistic component of the course is backed up with a review of world affairs. Conversely, the field of international relations theory is enriched by a systematic study of language effects observed in the respective discourse. The interdisciplinarity of this enterprise benefits students with different academic and cultural backgrounds.
Generation and Homonymy in Aristotle’s Generation of Animals
Authors: De Ribera-Martin Ignacio ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

Discussions on Aristotle’s account of homonymy in natural philosophy have not paid attention to its distinct use in the Generation of animals. I show that Aristotle’s use of homonymy in this treatise is relevant to the question of how to name living substances in the process of generation. In the GA, Aristotle uses homonymy to argue that embryos must have soul. These embryos, when the heart has been distinctly set apart, satisfy the criterion set in Metaph. IX.7 to be an animal in dunamis. In the GA, Aristotle refers to this embryo as an animal—albeit incomplete, because it cannot yet carry out all the functions signified by the name—and not as a homonym. The phenomenon of generation thus calls for a refinement of the principle of Functional Determination, according to which something is what its names signifies only if it can carry out the functions signified by the name.
Vaccine Credentials in the Developing World
Authors: Austriaco Nicanor Pier Giorgio ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: April 2021

Although COVID-19 vaccine credentials for international travel are an unwelcome or dangerous concept to some in the developed world, such measures are an essential component of global public health in some of the poorest countries of the world, in particular to prevent the spread of yellow fever. If one accepts the liceity of vaccine credentials for yellow fever in the developing world, then one has to do the same with similar credentials for COVID-19. A COVID-19 vaccine credential will allow developing countries to reopen their borders and economies long before they can attain herd immunity. It will be a lifeline for economies that have been ravaged by the global pandemic. It will be part of the global common good.
A study of aerodynamic noise in air duct systems with turning vanes
Authors: Rašuo Boško , Dinulović Mirko , Trninić Marta , Stamenović Marina , Milošević Novak , Ćurčić Nebojša
Published: April 2021

Noise is becoming one of the problems in many industrial applications. In this paper the aerodynamic noise in air duct system that arises from air flow passing over a surface of turning vanes is investigated. Based on Proudman's formula using Lighthill's acoustic analogy broadband acoustic noise model can be predicted. To model the turbulent flow in an air duct k - e turbulent model is used and required constants are obtained experimentally in a low speed wind tunnel followed by noise measurement in the vicinity of deflected airfoil. Several designs are investigated: Inner airfoil in the duct elbow, center positioned air foil, outer positioned and the overall combination of all previous cases. It was found that in order to satisfy all noise requirements and regulation, which are becoming more strict nowadays, the acoustic analysis and design must be performed in most industrial systems since the noise levels arising from the operating industrial equipment may represent occupational and health hazard.
Big data analytics and anomaly prediction in the cold chain to supply chain resilience
Authors: Lorenc Augustyn , Czuba Michał , Szarata Jakub
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the research was to develop a prediction method to prevent disruption related to temperature anomaly in the cold chain supply. The analysed data covers the period of the entire working cycle of the thermal container. In the research, automatic Big Data analysis and mathematical modelling were used to identify the disruption. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used to predict possible temperature-related disruption in transport. The provided research proves that it is possible to prevent over 82% of disruptions in the cold chain. The ANN enables analyses of the temperature curve and prediction of the disruption before it occurs. The research is limited to coolbox transportation of food under -20o C, but the method could also be used for Full Transport Load (FTL) in refrigerated transport. The research is based on real data, and the developed method helps to reduce the waste in the cold chain, improve transport quality and supply chain resilience. The presented method enables not only to avoid cold chain breaks but also to reduce product damage as well as improve the transport process. It could be used by cargo forwarders, Third-Party Logistics (3PL) companies to reduce costs and waste. The literature review confirms that there is no similar method to prevent disruption in the transport chain. The use of the Internet of Things (IoT) sensors for collecting data connected with Big Data analysis and ANN enables chain resilience provision.
Multi-objective optimization of process parameters for drilling fibermetal laminate using a hybrid GRA-PCA approach
Authors: Ekici Ergün , Motorcu Ali , Uzun Gültekin
Published: April 2021

This study investigated the effects of drilling parameters and cutting tool coating conditions on the thrust force, surface roughness, and delamination factor in the drilling of fiber-reinforced carbon reinforced aluminum laminate (CARALL) composite, a commercial type of fibermetal laminate. Gray relational analysis (GRA) was used as a multi-objective optimization method to determine optimum processing parameters and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine the weights. According to the findings of this experimental study, the most effective control factors for the thrust force, surface roughnes, and delamination factor were the feed rate, tool coating condition-cutting speed interaction, and tool coating condition, with 93.87%, 66.504%, and 29.137% contribution rates, respectively. From the results of the GRA-PCA analysis, the optimum levels of the control factors were determined as 110 m/min cutting speed, 0.1 mm/rev feed rate, and the uncoated tool.
Study of geometric characteristics of the arc teeth semi-rolled cylindrical gear meshing
Authors: Syzrantsev Vladimir , Syzrantseva Ksenia
Published: April 2021

In the conditions of unbraced machine body parts, arc teeth cylindrical gears have a higher load capacity, durability and reliability as well as the ability to compensate for the twist angle by self-adjustment of one of the wheels compared to straight and helical teeth gears. Use of such gears in a semi-rolled version allows simplifying significantly the technological process of cutting wheels and making gears with large gear ratios. In this article, mathematical models of wheel and gear arc teeth forming process are built for a semi-rolled cylindrical gear. The geometric characteristics of the gear arc teeth meshing in the presence of errors in the wheel and gear relative position, required to solve the problem of calculating the gear load capacity and durability, have been determined.
Investigation of stability in internal turning using a boring bar with a passive constrained layer damping
Authors: Yuvaraju B.A.G. , Nanda B.K. , Srinivas J.
Published: April 2021

The vibrations produced in a boring tool in internal turning deteriorate the machined surface quality and reduce the tool life, which results in a massive noise during the machining. Therefore, unwanted vibrations are necessary to be eliminated by improving the boring bar's dynamic stiffness and damping capacity. This paper investigates a passive constrained layer damping (CLD) boring bar with a hybrid damping layer to study the internal turning system's stability. Initially, the dynamic models of the conventional and CLD tools are thoroughly studied using Euler-Bernoulli beam theory (EBT) and validated them with finite element modelling (FEM). The frequency response functions (FRFs) obtained from the impact hammer tests are used to estimate the modal parameters. With modal parameters, the semi-analytical stability lobe diagrams (SLDs) are plotted for the boring system with the conventional and CLD boring bar. Tool-tip responses for various cutting conditions are simulated numerically to validate and to study stability. The cutting experiments with traditional and CLD boring bar are conducted for stability analysis and compared tool-tip responses with numerical results. It is observed that both the numerical and experimental results agree with the selected cutting conditions from SLDs. It is also observed that the CLD boring bar with a hybrid damping layer reduced the vibration displacements by five times compared to the conventional one.
Production and application of glucose oxidase enzyme in textile technology
Authors: Mojsov Kiro , Janevski Aco , Andronikov Darko , Jordeva Sonja , Golomeova Saška , Gaber Stevan , Ignjatov Ivan
Published: April 2021

Biotechnology is an ecological advantageous and moreover economically beneficial technology. The most established application of biotechnology in textiles has been in the field of enzymatic pretreatment. Glucose oxidase (GOD) catalyse the oxidation of b-D-glucose into gluconic acid by utilizing molecular oxygen as an electron acceptor with a simultaneous production of hydrogen peroxide (HP). Glucose oxidases are commercially gaining a lot of attention in textile technology. In an enzymatic pretreatment, the textile substrate is less damaged when compared to a classical pretreatment. Enzymatic pre-treatments of cellulose fabrics often save large amounts of raw materials, chemicals, energy and water. Bleaching with glucose oxidase thus represents an economic and ecological potential when compared to the classical process with added hydrogen peroxide. This review represents the basic properties and production of glucose oxidases and their applications in textile technology.
Photogrammetric Investigation of the Flying Shape of Spinnakers in a Twisted Flow Wind Tunnel
Authors: Graf Kai , Müller Olaf
Published: April 2021

This paper describes a method for the acquisition of the flying shape of spinnakers in a twisted flow wind tunnel. The method is based on photogrammetry. A set of digital cameras is used to obtain high resolution images of the spinnaker from different viewing angles. The images are post-processed using image-processing tools, pattern recognition methods and finally the photogrammetry algorithm. Results are shown comparing design versus flying shape of the spinnaker and the impact of wind velocity and wind twist on the flying shape. Finally some common rules for optimum spinnaker trimming are investigated and examined.
(Des)conexiones y Pandemia: entre las políticas de educación pública remota de emergencia y las escuelas de enseñanza media en Uruguay
Authors: Morales María Julia , Olivera Mauricio Nihil
Published: April 2021

El artículo aborda los desafíos que tuvieron las escuelas públicas de enseñanza media y de contexto vulnerable en Uruguay para mantener las conexiones (mediáticas y presenciales) con los estudiantes y las familias en el contexto de Pandemia y suspensión de clases declarada por el gobierno nacional como medida de emergencia sanitaria. Los hallazgos que se presentan en este artículo forman parte de una investigación regional en Argentina, Chile, Colombia y Uruguay: “Jóvenes, Habilidades Digitales y Brechas de Contenido en América Latina (HabLatam)”[1], coordinado por Lionel Brossi y Mauricio Olivera. La investigación se sostiene desde un enfoque metodológico cualitativo, construida a partir de investigación documental, entrevistas en profundidad y talleres virtuales. El artículo concluye que, si bien Uruguay es uno de los países de la región que más recursos ha invertido en políticas de inclusión digital en la educación, los resultados de una enseñanza remota de emergencia no fueron los esperados. Los responsables de los centros educativos observados manifestaron que los retos no solo fueron sostener las conexiones tecnológicas con los estudiantes (internet, equipamientos, clases modalidad virtual, etc.), sino también mantener las conexiones con las familias para no perder el vínculo con los estudiantes. La pandemia visibilizó problemas en las conexiones tecnológicas de los estudiantes y la escuela, pero también en la conexión de la escuela con las familias, relacionadas con dimensiones tales como las desigualdades socioeconómicas, educativas y culturales.
Palabras claves: Educación. Uruguay. Pandemias. Enseñanza asistida por ordenador. TIC.
[1] Financiado por el Fondo Sectorial "Inclusión Digital: Educación con Nuevos Horizontes" (Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación-ANII de Uruguay).
Política de avaliação e performatividade: gerencialismo, biopoder e controle social
Authors: Nagase Raquel Hissae , Azevedo Mário Luiz Neves de
Published: April 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a política de avaliação da educação brasileira que recebeu maior estímulo no contexto reformista do Novo Gerencialismo Público (NGP), cujas bases se encontram na doutrina neoliberal. Tem-se como pressuposto que essa política de avaliação é um dispositivo disciplinar e um instrumento de poder que se submete aos princípios da performatividade, trazendo implicações para a educação e para os agentes educacionais. Metodologicamente, recorre-se à teoria de biopoder de Michel Foucault e ao conceito de performatividade de Stephen Ball. Constata-se que, para além de aferir o desempenho dos estudantes, ao promover o intenso controle social, essa política pública altera a subjetividade dos agentes educacionais, punindo-os e formatando-os, em especial, os docentes.
Palavras-chave: Escolas públicas - Avaliação - Brasil. Controle social. Performatividade. Educação.
Supporting women and under-represented minorities in the sciences :
Authors: Noviski Maya
Published: April 2021

This comprehensive literature review on equity within organizations and organizational change was submitted as a part a study designed to examine causes of inequity in promotions at National Institute of Science and Technology. The Final Report, NIST: Needed Improvements in Standards and Transparency for Staff Promotion can be found here: NIST GCR 21-029 https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.GCR.21-029 Separated into five main sections, this review of scholarly and policy-related literature helped informed the study conducted by COACh, a grassroots organization based out of the University of Oregon with a mission to increase the number and success of women and underrepresented groups in science and engineering. An accompanying annotated bibliography, found under Appendix A, provides an overview of the sources included in this body of work.
EL SERAFY’S TEMPLATE FOR NONRENEWABLE-RESOURCE ACCOUNTING
Authors: Cairns Robert D.
Published: April 2021

In 1989, Salah El Serafy proposed a method of accounting for a nonrenewable resource based on net present value. A reinterpretation and extension of his analysis permit what he calls a proper representation of net income for use in an accurate aggregation, “bottom-up”, from project or enterprise data to the sectorial and national accounts. An earlier paper by Lasserre provides intellectual support for the method. What may be called El Serafy’s template can be interpreted and applied for many purposes, including the proper calculation of income and depletion of an exhaustible resource.
MARCHÉS INTERNATIONAUX DE DROITS À POLLUER ET TAXES LOCALES SUR LES BIENS POLLUANTS
Authors: Daubanes Julien , Lasserre Pierre
Published: April 2021

L’intérêt des marchés internationaux de droits à polluer réside dans leur potentiel à atteindre un objectif de réduction de pollution de manière efficiente. Malheureusement, la tendance des pays participants à taxer localement les biens polluants remet en cause ce potentiel. Nous proposons un modèle permettant d’examiner l’intérêt des pays participant à un marché de droits à polluer à taxer le bien qui génère la pollution. En particulier, cet intérêt dépend de la distribution initiale des droits entre les pays participants. Nous montrons comment les droits doivent être alloués aux différents pays participants de sorte à garantir l’efficience du marché. Ces allocations optimales requièrent de distribuer gratuitement une fraction suffisamment large des droits plutôt que de les mettre aux enchères.
LES PRINCIPAUX PROBLÈMES DE L’INEFFICIENCE DU SYSTÈME BANCAIRE TUNISIEN
Authors: Abida Montej , Gargouri Ilhem
Published: April 2021

Notre article présente une analyse de l’efficience du secteur bancaire en comparant le niveau d’efficience des banques privées et des banques publiques. En effet, la situation difficile par laquelle passent les banques publiques tunisiennes nous pousse à déterminer les causes de l’inefficience de ces banques et nous oblige à chercher les solutions possibles à ce problème. Parmi les solutions possibles, on trouve trois cas : fusion, recapitalisation et privatisation. Notre échantillon est constitué de toutes les banques commerciales tunisiennes pendant la période 2005-2014. Pour mesurer l’efficience de ces banques, nous utilisons spécification translogarithmique pour la fonction de coût. Les résultats montrent que les banques publiques sont plus inefficientes que les banques privées qui ont une taille plus faible : les banques privées enregistrent des scores d’efficiences les plus élevées, avec une moyenne sectorielle de l’ordre de (81,3 %). En effet, ce sont les risques de crédits qui sont la cause principale de l’inefficience technique des banques publiques. Ce qui implique que ces dernières ont beaucoup de problèmes de gestion et en particulier de gouvernance.
MÉGADONNÉES ET EXTERNALITÉS INFORMATIONNELLES
Authors: Fluet Claude
Published: April 2021

Une littérature récente soulève la question du degré souhaitable de visibilité ou publicité des comportements individuels. Dans ces analyses, une plus grande visibilité renforce les incitations réputationnelles, ce qui peut être socialement utile. En contrepartie, les comportements qui en résultent sont moins informatifs quant aux caractéristiques des individus, ce qui peut être indésirable. Je réexamine cette question dans un contexte où plus de visibilité découle d’un plus grand nombre de sources d’information sur les agissements des individus, dans de multiples interactions contractuelles. Contrairement à la littérature récente, plus de visibilité a alors pour effet de diluer ou même d’éliminer complètement les incitations réputationnelles. En contrepartie, cela améliore l’information sur les caractéristiques des individus, avec à la limite la disparition des asymétries d’information.
EST-CE PARCE QU’ILS SONT MARIÉS QUE LES HOMMES MARIÉS GAGNENT PLUS QUE LES HOMMES NON-MARIÉS ?
Authors: Jeandidier Bruno
Published: April 2021

La théorie économique du mariage pose l’hypothèse selon laquelle, du fait de la spécialisation au sein du couple, l’homme devrait bénéficier d’une prime au mariage. La littérature empirique internationale semble réfuter cette hypothèse. Nous proposons une revue de littérature empirique qui montre que la réfutation tiendrait au fait qu’une part de cette prime s’expliquerait plutôt par un effet de sélection et au fait que la prime nette de sélection serait faiblement corrélée à la spécialisation. D’autres logiques pourraient alors expliquer l’éventuelle prime au mariage des hommes : la discrimination des employeurs et l’effet de responsabilisation. Mais la littérature empirique relative à ces deux logiques alternatives est moins fournie et n’aboutit pas sur des conclusions tranchées : peu de travaux identifient clairement un effet de discrimination des employeurs et les travaux avançant l’idée d’un effet de responsabilisation, notamment en termes d’effet de la paternité, ne sont pas convergents.
The Crab House on Oyster Creek: Folkloristic Response to Vernacular Landscape and its Environmental Moorings
Authors: Chiarappa Michael J.
Published: April 2021

The Andersen crab house on Oyster Creek is located on a waterway that is part of the wider estuarine environment consisting of New Jersey’s Great Bay and the Mullica River. It is a building type that has long served oystermen, clammers, crabbers, finfishers, and waterfowlers along New Jersey’s Atlantic Ocean and Delaware Bay coastlines. Having survived for almost ninety years, the building’s siting allows Phil Andersen to effectively tend the adjacent crabbing grounds and prepare the catch for market. The building, along with his boat and harvesting gear organizes the contours of his working landscape, tools that do not simply define the occupation’s environmental fit, but, as an assemblage, continually advance Andersen’s acquisition of traditional ecological knowledge. While its stark presence on the salt marsh punctuates its environmental fit and role as the axis of Andersen’s occupational map, its enduring function as a working landscape resonates widely throughout the community. The work and social life of the building speak to its capacity to be broadly affiliative, its features, use, and siting laden with aesthetic and performative depth that make it a touchstone of environmental experience and sense of place. These attributes—specifically their role in curating memory and affirming a community’s environmental moorings—show how the Andersen crab house, and similar buildings that preceded it, have engendered folkloristic response for over one hundred and fifty years.
La costa dels jubilats. La migració nord-europea de persones retirades a la Costa Blanca
Authors: Membrado Joan Carles
Published: April 2021

Aquest treball investiga la migració internacional de nord-europeus jubilats a la Costa Blanca i la influència que ha tingut en l’expansió urbana d’aquesta àrea turística. Aquest document, a més, analitza les raons per les quals emigren aquests jubilats, que estan principalment relacionades amb el clima i l’estil de vida. També explora els avantatges i desavantatges d’aquesta migració i l’impacte ambiental i paisatgístic sobre la Costa Blanca.
Science and literature: Are the knowledge wars finally over?
Authors: Haynes Roslynn
Published: April 2021

Since alchemy first challenged the authority of the Church, the relative status of specialized, scientific knowledge and high culture has been hotly contested. For centuries writers, as champions of culture, have retaliated against the claims of science by satirising its practitioners as being either evil, obsessive and possibly mad, or foolish and inept inventors whose experiments continually misfire. Examples of both these groups are discussed in their historical context. Around the end of the twentieth century a new genre designated «lab-lit» appeared. In this scientists are portrayed not as stereotypes but as ordinary people, pursuing science as they might any other profession within a life context and engaged with the ethical and sociological problems it involves. Reasons for the emergence of lab-lit are considered.
La emoción y el sentimiento: más allá de una diferencia de contenido
Authors: Buitrago Daniel
Published: April 2021

Aunque el axioma fundamental de la filosofía de las emociones sostiene que estas no son sentimientos, se ha entendido generalmente que estos sí hacen parte esencial de aquellas. En este artículo me propongo sostener que los sentimientos no solo no son emociones, sino que tampoco son parte consustancial de ellas. Para lograr esto, se partirá de la caracterización de las emociones básicas de Ekman para luego observar que existen ciertos estados afectivos que tienen en común el hecho de no ajustarse a su caracterización. Este des-ajuste, sumado a otros rasgos esenciales como el involucramiento de contenido conceptual y la penetrabilidad cognitiva, permiten definir claramente una nueva categoría de estado afectivo que se diferencia esencialmente de las emociones. Se mostrará que esta distinción permite entrever un esquema mucho más coherente de la teoría de las emociones con los actuales descubrimientos en el campo de la psicología y la psiquiatría.
Designing Walking Pathways for a Tourist Resort with the Theory of Six Value Aggregation Paths
Authors: Kowalczyk Anna Maria
Published: April 2021

The study examines the possibility of applying the selected components of the theory of six value aggregation paths in designing walking pathways. Based on spatial data collected using a landscape assessment method on the aesthetic values of the landscape of the place under analysis, a model was developed of the network of links of the landscape aesthetic value using a minimum increase in this value. The authors designed scenarios for the optimal routes of walking pathways. The conducted study leads to the conclusion that the minimum value increase path may create a good basis for designing walking pathways. Not only is this manifested in the varied route of the pathway, but also in it being designed in such a way that the landscape’s aesthetic value increases beyond an assumed level of aesthetic value. In addition, the use of hexagonal basic fields enables the design of various route lengths and the optimization of time by adapting the model to a specific group of recipients.
Study on the Influence of Roadways on Land Plots according to the Results of Monetary Evaluation
Authors: Shulgan Roman , Yanchuk Oleksandr , Pakharenko Olha , Pryshchepa Alla
Published: April 2021

The paper examines the impact of highways of urban significance on surrounding areas. The authors substantiated the size of the road‑effect zone. In order to determine the quantitative extent of the impact of highways on surrounding areas, the scholars applied the data regarding the selling prices of land plots with various designated purpose, i.e. the estimated money value of land is the indicator of determining the road‑effect on surrounding areas. Since a great number of factors affects the value of these land plots, in order to determine the road‑effect for highways, the authors developed economic and statistical models for expert value of land plots with various designated purpose using the method of multiple regression analysis. After substituting different values of distances to a highway within the road‑effect zone in the model, the researchers established the patterns of change in the value of land plots with various designated purpose and calculated the adjustment factors that can be used in the pecuniary valuation of land plots. The value of such coefficients for residential construction land is 0.85–1.00; for commercial land it is 1.00–1.17; and for industrial land it is 1.00–1.01.
PhyloPrimer: a taxon-specific oligonucleotide design platform
Authors: Varliero Gilda , Wray Jared , Malandain Cédric , Barker Gary
Published: April 2021

Many environmental and biomedical biomonitoring and detection studies aim to explore the presence of specific organisms or gene functionalities in microbiome samples. In such cases, when the study hypotheses can be answered with the exploration of a small number of genes, a targeted PCR-approach is appropriate. However, due to the complexity of environmental microbial communities, the design of specific primers is challenging and can lead to non-specific results. We designed PhyloPrimer, the first user-friendly platform to semi-automate the design of taxon-specific oligos (i.e., PCR primers) for a gene of interest. The main strength of PhyloPrimer is the ability to retrieve and align GenBank gene sequences matching the user’s input, and to explore their relationships through an online dynamic tree. PhyloPrimer then designs oligos specific to the gene sequences selected from the tree and uses the tree non-selected sequences to look for and maximize oligo differences between targeted and non-targeted sequences, therefore increasing oligo taxon-specificity (positive/negative consensus approach). Designed oligos are then checked for the presence of secondary structure with the nearest-neighbor (NN) calculation and the presence of off-target matches with in silico PCR tests, also processing oligos with degenerate bases. Whilst the main function of PhyloPrimer is the design of taxon-specific oligos (down to the species level), the software can also be used for designing oligos to target a gene without any taxonomic specificity, for designing oligos from preselected sequences and for checking predesigned oligos. We validated the pipeline on four commercially available microbial mock communities using PhyloPrimer to design genus- and species-specific primers for the detection of Streptococcus species in the mock communities. The software performed well on these mock microbial communities and can be found at https://www.cerealsdb.uk.net/cerealgenomics/phyloprimer.
Realistic Perspectives to the Implementation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Education System of Bangladesh
Authors: Kabir Md. Awal , Biswas Subrata Kumar , Begum Mst. Fatema
Published: April 2021

In only a few years, information and communication technology (ICT) has become an important education technology that can underpin some big changes in the teaching process. Technology makes students more effective than ever, but the position of teachers in high-tech classrooms is more challenging than ever before. ICT has the power to change the essence of education (Improving teacher design, enhancing the role of learners and involving them in the teaching process and attempting to develop a collaborative culture, etc.) While information and communication technology has the great potential to improve the system of education, due to certain impediments, emerging economies are indeed a long way from reaping such advantages. The aim of this study is to have a coherent approach to worldwide issues pertaining to barriers encountered in the implementation of ICT in the classroom setting. The study-room assessment and documents evaluation make the study realistic, which were used as methodological approaches for building effective analysis and reaching reasonable conclusion. It is found that the analysis must assist to find factors affecting the decision of teachers to integrate ICT in teaching. Links to existing literature will be developed to explore various challenges to the implementation of ICT.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Chemical Insecticides and Biopesticides against Flea Beetle in Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata)
Authors: Farhana Fatima , Latif Md. Abdul , Ali Mohammed
Published: April 2021

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate chemical insecticides and bio-pesticides against flea beetle in cabbage.

Study Design: The experiment was laid out at a randomized complete block design with three replications.

Place and Duration of Study: Experimental farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh during the period from October 2017 to March 2018.

Methodology: The experiment consisted of nine treatments viz. T1(Sevin 85 WP @ 2g/L of water), T2 (Decis 2.5 EC @ 1.0 ml/L of water), T3 (Voliam flexi @ 0.5 ml/L of water), T4 (Ripcord 10 EC @ 1.0 ml/L of water), T5 (Dursban 20EC @ 1 ml L-1 of water), T6 (Tobacco leaf extract @ 3 g L-1 of water), T7 (Neem seed kernel extract @ 3 g L-1 of water), T8 (Bioneem plus 1 EC @ 1 ml L-1 of water) and T9 (Untreated Control) were used at 7 days interval.

Results: Stripped flea beetle(Phyllotreta striolata) and white-spotted flea beetle (Monolepta signata), these two species of flea beetle were found in the experimental field. Among all the treatments T4 (Ripcord 10EC)performed the best in managing flea beetles based on the lowest percentage of leaf infestation (5.84%), lowest no. of holes per plant (6.13), lowest percentage of head infestation by number (18.04) and highest percentage of infestation reduction over control on all parameters at vegetative stage of plant. Again, the lowest leaf infestation intensity (5.73%), lowest number of holes per infested head (14.00), lowest percentage of infestation of head by number (6.69) were achieved at harvesting stage from the same treatment (T4) whereas the highest values of all these parameters were achieved from untreated control treatment (T9). T4 treatment provided the best performance in yield where yield was increased (112.51 %) over control, giving maximum yield 75.76 tons ha-1. Bioneem plus 1 EC (T8) performed the best among the biopesticides while the neem seed kernel extract showed less effectivity against flea beetle.

Conclusion: It is concluded that in case of chemical insecticides Ripcord 10EC while in case of biopesticides Bioneem plus 1 EC would be effective for flea beetle management.
Impact of Panchakarma Therapy and Diet Modification on Lipid Level on known Dyslipidemia Patients
Authors: Sane Rohit , Mandole Rahul , Amin Gurudatta , Ghadigaonkar Pravin
Published: April 2021

Aim: To study the impact of panchakarma treatment and diet modification on the reduction of lipid levels in known dyslipidemia patients.

Study Design: Single–arm pilot study

Place and Duration of the Study: 50 centres of Madhavbaug clinic, Maharashtra, India, between March 2020 to September 2020.

Methodology: We included 35 known coronary artery disease patients (mean age 56.55+10.20 years) of which 74.29% were males and 25.71% were females that had a total cholesterol count of more than 200mg/dL. The study therapy viz. Ischemia Reversal Therapy included: herbal detoxification (minimum 14 sittings of 90 minute each) and the diet prescribed was low calorie : <800. The study time points were baseline and 90 days post treatment. The patients were screened for reduction in total cholesterol, low density lipids and weight and an increase in high density lipids.

Results: Primary finding (Mean±SD, Baseline Vs. 90-days): reduced Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) (142.37±42.33 Vs. 106.42±37.60, p=0.0001) and Total Cholesterol (240.88±52.30 Vs. 174.91±39.61, p=0.001) levels while secondary findings (Mean±SD, Baseline Vs. 90-days): marginal increase HDL-C (41.66±11.77 Vs. 42.8±9.49, p=0.67) and reduction in weight (66.35±13.15 Vs. 62.3±11.78, p=0.19). Reduced dependency on statins by 83.33% post treatment whilst maintaining TC levels within normal range.

Conclusion: This Study results highlight the benefits of herbal detoxification therapy and diet modification to treat Dyslipidemia thereby reducing the dependency on statin therapy.
Small Pilot System for the Manufacture of in Situ Precipitated Calcium Carbonate in the Presence of Pulp Fibers
Authors: Dölle Klaus , Bajrami Bardhyl
Published: April 2021

Paper fillers materials are less expensive than fiber, allowing reduced production costs and improvement of paper properties.

A small pilot scale in-situ laboratory calcium carbonate filler precipitation unit was developed and designed with the objective to provide enough pulp fiber containing in-situ precipitated calcium carbonate for a small 12-inch (304 mm) wide laboratory paper machine. The in-situ precipitation system requires the reactants calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide and was tested with a eucalyptus pulp fiber pulp suspension.

The final precipitated in-situ filler content achieved was 38.2%, 55.5% and 66.6% based on initial eucalyptus pulp fiber content. The precipitation time from an initial pH of 12.77, 12.76 and 11.98 to an final pH of 7.29, 7.55, and 7.28 for the 3 kg, 6kg, and 9 kg of calcium hydroxide reactant addition was 45 minutes for the 3 kg and 9 kg calcium hydroxide addition and 40 min. for the 6 kg calcium hydroxide addition.