bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coupled stratosphere-troposphere-Atlantic multidecadal oscillation and its importance for near-future climate projection
Authors: Omrani Nour-Eddine , Keenlyside Noel , Matthes Katja , Boljka Lina , Zanchettin Davide , Jungclaus Johann H. , Lubis Sandro W.
Published: July 2022

Northern Hemisphere (NH) climate has experienced various coherent wintertime multidecadal climate trends in stratosphere, troposphere, ocean, and cryosphere. However, the overall mechanistic framework linking these trends is not well established. Here we show, using long-term transient forced coupled climate simulation, that large parts of the coherent NH-multidecadal changes can be understood within a damped coupled stratosphere/troposphere/ocean-oscillation framework. Wave-induced downward propagating positive stratosphere/troposphere-coupled Northern Annular Mode (NAM) and associated stratospheric cooling initiate delayed thermohaline strengthening of Atlantic overturning circulation and extratropical Atlantic-gyres. These increase the poleward oceanic heat transport leading to Arctic sea-ice melting, Arctic warming amplification, and large-scale Atlantic warming, which in turn initiates wave-induced downward propagating negative NAM and stratospheric warming and therefore reverse the oscillation phase. This coupled variability improves the performance of statistical models, which project further weakening of North Atlantic Oscillation, North Atlantic cooling and hiatus in wintertime North Atlantic-Arctic sea-ice and global surface temperature just like the 1950s–1970s.
An embeddable molecular code for Lewis X modification through interaction with fucosyltransferase 9
Authors: Saito Taiki , Yagi Hirokazu , Kuo Chu-Wei , Khoo Kay-Hooi , Kato Koichi
Published: July 2022

N-glycans are diversified by a panel of glycosyltransferases in the Golgi, which are supposed to modify various glycoproteins in promiscuous manners, resulting in unpredictable glycosylation profiles in general. In contrast, our previous study showed that fucosyltransferase 9 (FUT9) generates Lewis X glycotopes primarily on lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) in neural stem cells. Here, we demonstrate that a contiguous 29-amino acid sequence in the N-terminal domain of LAMP-1 is responsible for promotion of the FUT9-catalyzed Lewis X modification. Interestingly, Lewis X modification was induced on erythropoietin as a model glycoprotein both in vitro and in cells, just by attaching this sequence to its C-terminus. Based on these results, we conclude that the amino acid sequence from LAMP-1 functions as a “Lewis X code”, which is deciphered by FUT9, and can be embedded into other glycoproteins to evoke a Lewis X modification, opening up new possibilities for protein engineering and cell engineering.
Amplified warming from physiological responses to carbon dioxide reduces the potential of vegetation for climate change mitigation
Authors: He Mingzhu , Piao Shilong , Huntingford Chris , Xu Hao , Wang Xuhui , Bastos Ana , Cui Jiangpeng , Gasser Thomas
Published: July 2022

Global warming is increasing due to the ongoing rise in atmospheric greenhouse gases, and has the potential to threaten humans and ecosystems severely. Carbon dioxide, the primary rising greenhouse gas, also enhances vegetation carbon uptake, partially offsetting emissions. The vegetation physiological response to rising carbon dioxide, through partial stomatal closure and leaf area increase, can also amplify global warming, yet this is rarely accounted for in climate mitigation assessments. Using six Earth System Models, we show that vegetation physiological response consistently amplifies warming as carbon dioxide rises, primarily due to stomatal closure-induced evapotranspiration reductions. Importantly, such warming partially offsets cooling through enhanced carbon storage. We also find a stronger warming with higher leaf area and less warming with lower leaf area. Our study shows that the vegetation physiological response to elevated carbon dioxide influences local climate, which may reduce the extent of expected climate benefits offered by terrestrial ecosystems.
Microbial polyketides and their roles in insect virulence: from genomics to biological functions
Authors: Toopaang Wachiraporn , Bunnak Warapon , Srisuksam Chettida , Wattananukit Wilawan , Tanticharoen Morakot , Yang Yu-Liang , Amnuaykanjanasin Alongkorn
Published: July 2022

Target sites of microbial polyketides are in the insect central nervous and immune systems. The compounds also modulate insect–microbial symbiosis.
Emerging 3D printing technologies and methodologies for microfluidic development
Authors: Monia Kabandana Giraso Keza , Zhang Tao , Chen Chengpeng
Published: July 2022

This review paper examines recent (mostly 2018 or later) advancements in 3D printed microfluidics.
Tumor-penetrating iron oxide nanoclusters for T1/T2 dual mode MR imaging-guided combination therapy
Authors: Li Jing , Gong Siman , Li Shiyu , Li Xinchong , Lan Siyi , Sun Minjie
Published: July 2022

A hyaluronic acid (HA)-stabilized iron oxide nanocluster (Fe2O3@PFDH NC) was developed as an intelligent tumor-penetrating theranostic nanoagent for dual-mode MRI guided chemo-photothermal therapy.
Targeting the deubiquitinase USP7 for degradation with PROTACs
Authors: Murgai Arunima , Sosič Izidor , Gobec Martina , Lemnitzer Patricia , Proj Matic , Wittenburg Sophie , Voget Rabea , Gütschow Michael , Krönke Jan , Steinebach Christian
Published: July 2022

A novel class of USP7 PROTACs were designed and synthesized. CST967, a CRBN-based degrader, showed potent and selective depletion of USP7 leading to apoptosis in multiple cancer lines.
Atomic-scale mechanisms on the stepwise growth of MoxW1−xS2 into hexagonal flakes
Authors: Huang Jiawei , Zhang Zhouyang , Ying Yiran , Gan Min , Huang Haitao , Fei Linfeng
Published: July 2022

Temperature-driven evolution of solid precursors into hexagonal MoxW1−xS2 flakes is observed by in situ TEM, which presents a three-stage mechanism.
Up-conversion luminescence and Judd–Ofelt analysis of Nd2O3-doped yttria stabilized zirconia single crystals
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wu Wenxia , Wu Limin , Wang Yazhao , Ta Shengdi , Cheng Zeyu , Xu Shoulei , Goodman Bernard Albert , Deng Wen
Published: July 2022

The growth, structure and optical properties of (ZrO2)92(Y2O3)8−x(Nd2O3)x single crystals were reported. The maximum intensity of the emission spectra was with 0.75 mol% Nd2O3, indicating this sample has potential for near-UV up-conversion luminescence and laser output.
Electron transfer between carbon dots and tetranuclear Dawson-derived sandwich polyanions
Authors: Madonia Antonino , Sciortino Alice , Martin-Sabi Mercè , Cannas Marco , Ammar Souad , Messina Fabrizio , Schaming Delphine
Published: July 2022

Ultrafast photoinduced electron or energy transfer from carbon dots to several polyoxometalates have been evidenced by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy, showing how such nanohybrids could find their place in photocatalytic applications.
C–H bond activation and sequential addition to two different coupling partners: a versatile approach to molecular complexity
Authors: Brandes Daniel S. , Ellman Jonathan A.
Published: July 2022

Sequential multicomponent C–H bond addition is a powerful approach for the rapid, modular generation of molecular complexity in a single reaction.
Doped metal clusters as bimetallic AuCo nanocatalysts: insights into structural dynamics and correlation with catalytic activity byin situspectroscopy
Authors: Barrabés Noelia , Ostolaza Jon , Reindl Sarah , Mähr Martin , Schrenk Florian , Drexler Hedda , Rameshan Christoph , Olszewski Wojciech , Rupprechter Günther
Published: July 2022

Cobalt doping of Au25nanoclusters led to an enhancement in the catalytic behaviour. The evolution of the doped Au clusters to nanoalloys with controlled surface sites was revealed by combined XAFS, DRIFTS and XPS studies.
Cu segregation in Au–Cu nanoparticles exposed to hydrogen atmospheric pressure: how is fcc symmetry maintained?
Authors: Wang Q. , Nassereddine A. , Loffreda D. , Ricolleau C. , Alloyeau D. , Louis C. , Delannoy L. , Nelayah J. , Guesmi H.
Published: July 2022

The structure and dynamics of Au–Cu NPs exposed to hydrogen atmospheric pressure are studied, and the role of Cu in maintaining their fcc symmetry explored.
Rapid nucleic acid extraction from skin biopsies using a point-of-care device
Authors: McCloskey Duncan , Erickson David
Published: July 2022

BLENDER is a point-of-care device for rapid sample processing of large, robust tissue such as skin punch biopsies.
Understanding the charge dynamics in organic light-emitting diodes using convolutional neural network
Authors: Kim Jae-Min , Lim Junseop , Lee Jun Yeob
Published: July 2022

A fast analysis of the charge dynamics of organic light-emitting diodes using a convolutional neural network (CNN) was demonstrated. The electrical properties of organic layers were predicted by the CNN model with 2D modulus spectra as a fingerprint.
Improvement of the filtration and antifouling performance of a nanofibrous sterile membrane by a one-step grafting zwitterionic compound
Authors: Cheng Qin , Jia Xiaodan , Cheng Pan , Zhou Pengcheng , Hu Wei , Cheng Cuicui , Hu Hui , Xia Ming , Liu Ke , Wang Dong
Published: July 2022

A zwitterionic NFM was employed as a sterile membrane for an absolute interception of 107 cfu cm−2Brevundimonas diminuta.
Preparation of Bi3Fe0.5Nb1.5O9/g-C3N4 heterojunction photocatalysts and applications in the photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol in environment
Authors: Wang Jingdao , Sun Yuanling , Liu Hao , Hou Yanan , Dai Yuxue , Luo Chuannan , Wang Xueying
Published: July 2022

The energy band relationship and the active substances were studied to determine photocatalyst accords with the Z-type transfer mechanism.
Visible light in situ driven electron accumulation at the Ti–Mn–O3 sites of TiO2 hollow spheres for photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Zhang Yujiao , Wang Yan , Zhao Dan , Wang Baoyu , Pu Ling , Fan Meng , Liang Xingtang , Yin Yanzhen , Hu Zhao , Yan Ximing
Published: July 2022

Mn atoms and oxygen vacancies induce the formation of Ti–Mn–O3 sites by visible light-driven, which further regulates the surface potential, visible-light absorption, and carrier separation, resulting in superior H2 evolution.
Iodolium salts as halogen-bond donor catalysts in the Nazarov cyclization: the molecular oxygen enigma
Authors: To Avery J. , Murphy Graham K.
Published: July 2022

Nazarov cyclizations of activated precurosrs are achieved under iodolium catalysis, provided that oxygen is present for catalyst activation and turnover.
Product selectivity in the photoreaction of aryl sulfonates and mesylate of estrone derivatives in sustainable and micellar media: a steady-state investigation
Authors: Quindt Matías I. , Gola Gabriel F. , Rodriguez Cristian R. , Ramirez Javier A. , Bonesi Sergio M.
Published: July 2022

The photochemical reaction of sulfonate steroids in a sustainable environment was carried out successfully under steady-state conditions. Significant selectivity in photoproduct formation was also observed.
An efficient catalytic method for the borohydride reaction of esters using diethylzinc as precatalyst
Authors: Ni Congjian , Yu Hailong , Liu Ling , Yan Ben , Zhang Bingyi , Ma Xiaoli , Zhang Xiuhui , Yang Zhi
Published: July 2022

A cheap and easily available ZnEt2 is an effective precatalyst, which can be used for the hydroboration reaction of various organic carbonates and esters with HBpin.
Donor–acceptor modified ixiolite structural ceramics for millimeter-wave broadband metamaterial devices
Authors: Wang Shun , Luo Weijia , Lu Yafeng , Wang Xubin , Zheng Siyong , Zhao Runni , Li Lingxia , Zhou Ji
Published: July 2022

Dielectric loss in ixiolite structural ceramics is effectively reduced by Cr3+and Nb5+co-substitution, which is expected to be applied in millimeter-wave broadband metamaterial devices.
One-step high-yield preparation of nitrogen- and sulfur-codoped carbon dots with applications in chromium(vi) and ascorbic acid detection
Authors: Meng Fanrong , Xu Haoran , Wang Shuolin , Wei Jingxian , Zhou Wengong , Wang Qiang , Li Peng , Kong Fangong , Zhang Yucang
Published: July 2022

A novel bio-based nitrogen- and sulfur-codoped carbon dot with enhanced synthetic yield and photoluminescence quantum yield for reversible detection of chromium (Cr)(vi) and ascorbic acid was fabricated by a one-pot hydrothermal method.
Modulation of biliverdin dynamics and spectral properties by Sandercyanin
Authors: Ghosh Swagatha , Mondal Sayan , Yadav Keerti , Aggarwal Shantanu , Schaefer Wayne F. , Narayana Chandrabhas , Subramanian Ramaswamy
Published: July 2022

Biliverdin IX-alpha undergoes rotation around the D-ring pyrrole and displays a broad far-red absorbance on binding to monomeric Sandercyanin variant (orange) compared to the wild-type tetrameric protein (cyan).
Correction: Discovery of 8-prenylnaringenin from hop (Humulus lupulus L.) as a potent monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor for treatments of neuroinflammation and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Tung Min-Che , Fung Kit-Man , Hsu Hsing-Mien , Tseng Tien-Sheng
Published: July 2022

Correction for ‘Discovery of 8-prenylnaringenin from hop (Humulus lupulus L.) as a potent monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor for treatments of neuroinflammation and Alzheimer’s disease’ by Min-Che Tung et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 31062–31072, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA05311F.
A hybrid trimetallic–organic framework-derived N, C co-doped Ni–Fe–Mn–P ultrathin nanosheet electrocatalyst for proficient overall water-splitting
Authors: Ghising Ram Babu , Pan Uday Narayan , Paudel Dasu Ram , Kandel Mani Ram , Kim Nam Hoon , Lee Joong Hee
Published: July 2022

Fabrication of hybrid trimetallic-organic framework-derived N, C co-doped Ni–Fe–Mn–P ultrathin nanosheet electrocatalyst demonstrating excellent performance with low overpotentials and cell voltage for HER, OER and overall water splitting.
Suppression of Sn2+oxidation and formation of large-size crystal grains with multifunctional chloride salt for perovskite solar cell applications
Authors: Wang Minghao , Wang Wei , Shen Yifan , Cao Kun , Chen Junwen , Zhao Xiangqing , Xie Meng , Chen Shufen
Published: July 2022

The C6H8N2O2·2HCl additive is first doped into an FA0.75MA0.25SnI3precursor and plays a positive role in suppressing the generation of Sn4+and promoting the formation of large-size crystal grains in FA0.75MA0.25SnI3perovskite films.
Study on the relationship between carrier mobility and nonlinear optical characteristics of Sb2Te3–Bi2Te3 lateral heterostructure materials and its applications in fiber lasers
Authors: Wang Yongjie , Song Chunyu , Zhang He , Jin Liang , Xu Yingtian , Zou Yonggang , Ma Xiaohui
Published: July 2022

Topological insulators (TIs), as a two-dimensional (2D) material, have been widely used in optoelectronic devices.
Variable parameter practical model of synchronous generator for precise simulation of power system
Authors: Xu Guorui , Hu Peidong , Yuan Zeyu , Zhang Aijun , Li Zhiqiang
Published: July 2022

The model of synchronous generator (SG) plays an important role in the simulation of power system and planning of power grid. With the constant parameter practical model (CPPM), it is difficult to consider the time‐varying characteristic of the parameters affected by the complex non‐linear factors, such as the saturation, distortion, skin effect and various spatial harmonics; thus, it cannot guarantee the precision of the simulation. In this paper, a variable parameter practical model (VPPM) of SG is proposed by coupling the CPPM with the three‐dimensional parameter database and the parameter addressing model. The three‐dimensional parameter database containing the steady‐state, transient and sub‐transient reactances and time constants is established with the terminal voltage, active power and reactive power as the variables. The parameters of the VPPM are selected through linear inter‐polation according to the operating states of the generator. In order to verify the precision of the VPPM, a single‐machine infinite system and a real power system with 204 buses and 107 generators are simulated. The result indicates that the VPPM is more accurate than the CPPM, and the stability limit and damping ratio calculated by the VPPM are larger than that by the CPPM. The study can provide important support for the precise simulation of the power system.
Corrected rank residual constraint model for image denoising
Authors: Wu Di , Zhang Tao
Published: July 2022

In this paper, a novel image denoising model is proposed, named Corrected Rank Residual Constraint (CRRC). To overcome the drawback that L1 norm penalty yields biased estimators and cannot achieve the best estimation performance, the proposed CRRC incorporates the adaptive correction term with L1 minimization to improve the sparsity of the L1 norm data fidelity term enforced on the rank residual. The existence and uniqueness of solutions of the proposed model are also studied, and the optimization method for solving the model is given. The studies show that the adaptive correction term can not only improve the sparsity of the rank residual but also overcome the over‐shrinkage of large singular values. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed CRRC model outperforms many state‐of‐the‐art methods in both objective and perceptual quality.
AB Aur, a Rosetta stone for studies of planet formation
Authors: Rivière-Marichalar P. , Fuente A. , Esplugues G. , Wakelam V. , le Gal R. , Baruteau C. , Ribas A. , Macías E. , Neri R. , Navarro-Almaida D.
Published: July 2022

Context. The sulfur abundance is poorly known in most environments. Yet, deriving the sulfur abundance is key to understanding the evolution of the chemistry from molecular clouds to planetary atmospheres. We present observations of H2S 110–101 at 168.763 GHz toward the Herbig Ae star AB Aur.

Aims. We aim to study the abundance of sulfuretted species toward AB Aur and to constrain how different species and phases contribute to the sulfur budget.

Methods. We present new NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) interferometric observations of the continuum and H2S 110–101 line at 168.763 GHz toward AB Aur. We derived radial and azimuthal profiles and used them to compare the geometrical distribution of different species in the disk. Assuming local thermodynamical equilibrium (LTE), we derived column density and abundance maps for H2S, and we further used Nautilus to produce a more detailed model of the chemical abundances at different heights over the mid-plane at a distance of r = 200 au.

Results. We have resolved H2S emission in the AB Aur protoplanetary disk. The emission comes from a ring extending from 0.67″ (~109 au) to 1.69″ (~275 au). Assuming T = 30 K, nH = 109 cm−3, and an ortho-to-para ratio of three, we derived a column density of (2.3 ± 0.5) × 1013 cm−2. Under simple assumptions, we derived an abundance of (3.1 ± 0.8) × 10−10 with respect to H nuclei, which we compare with Nautilus models to deepen our understanding of the sulfur chemistry in protoplanetary disks. Chemical models indicate that H2S is an important sulfur carrier in the solid and gas phase. We also find an important transition at a height of ~12 au, where the sulfur budget moves from being dominated by ice species to being dominated by gas species.

Conclusions. We confirm that present-day models still struggle to simultaneously reproduce the observed column densities of the different sulfuretted species, and the observed abundances are still orders of magnitude away from the cosmic sulfur abundance. Studying sulfuretted species in detail in the different phases of the interstellar medium is key to solving the issue.
Synthetic Lyman-α emissions for the coronagraph aboard the ASO-S mission
Authors: Zhao J. , Zhang P. , Gibson S. E. , Fan Y. , Feng L. , Yu F. , Li H. , Gan W. Q.
Published: July 2022

Context. Strong ultraviolet (UV) emission from the sun will be observed by the Lyman-α Solar Telescope (LST) on board the Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory (ASO-S), scheduled for launch in 2022. It will provide continuous observations from the solar disk to the corona below a 2.5 solar radius with high resolution. To configure the appropriate observing modes and also to better understand its upcoming observations, a series of simulations and syntheses of different structures and processes need to be done in advance.

Aims. As prominence eruptions are the main drivers of space weather, the need to monitor such phenomena has been set as a priority among the objectives of ASO-S mission. In this work, we synthesize the evolution of a modeled prominence-cavity system before and during its eruption in the field of view (FOV) of LST.

Methods. We adopted the input magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model of a prominence-cavity system, which is readily comparable to the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) observations. The Lyman-α emission of the prominence and its eruptive counterparts are synthesized through the PRODOP code, which considers non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) radiative transfer processes, while the other coronal part such as the cavity and surrounding streamer, are synthesized with the FORWARD package, which deals with optically thin structures.

Results. We present a discussion of the evolution of the eruptive prominence-cavity system, analyzing the synthetic emissions both on the disk near the limb and above the limb as viewed by the coronagraph, as well as the three-dimensional (3D) data of the MHD simulation.

Conclusions. The evolution of the prominence-cavity system exhibits the condensation of cavity mass onto the prominence and the evaporation of prominence plasma into the central cavity. The synthetic emission in Lyman-α shows a similar pattern as in the AIA extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths before eruption, namely, the appearance of a “horn” substructure as a precursor to the eruption. The emission of prominence with an optically thick assumption is one to two orders of magnitude lower than the optically thin one. Here, the dimming effect in Lyman-α is analyzed, for the first time, for the eruptive prominence-cavity system. Accompanying the prominence plasma motion during the eruption, the apparent dimming shows a preferred location evolving from the top and bottom of the bright core to the whole body above the bottom part, while the collisional component progressively dominates the total emission of the flux rope bright core at these locations. By analyzing the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) with a consideration of LST’s optical design, we conclude that the substructures in the cavity and the bright core of the CME can be observed with sufficient S/N at different stages in the FOV of LST.
The size of monomers of dust aggregates in planet-forming disks
Authors: Tazaki R. , Dominik C.
Published: July 2022

Context. The size of the constituent particles (monomers) of dust aggregates is one of the most uncertain parameters directly affecting collisional growth of aggregates in planet-forming disks. Despite its importance, the monomer size has not yet been meaningfully constrained by disk observations.

Aims. We attempt to derive the monomer size from optical and near-infrared (IR) polarimetric observations of planet-forming disks.

Methods. We performed a comprehensive parameter survey on the degree of linear polarization of light scattered by dust aggregates, using an exact numerical method called the T-matrix method. We investigated the effect of the monomer size, aggregate size, porosity, and composition on the degree of polarization. The obtained results were then compared with observed polarization fractions of several planet-forming disks at optical and near-IR wavelengths.

Results. We show that the degree of polarization of aggregates acutely depends on the monomer size unless the monomer size parameter is smaller than one or two. Comparing the simulation results with the disk observations, we find that the monomer radius is no greater than 0.4 μm. The inferred monomer size is therefore similar to subunit sizes of the solar system dust aggregates and the maximum size of interstellar grains.

Conclusions. Optical and near-IR quantitative polarimetry will provide observational grounds on the initial conditions for dust coagulation and, thereby, planetesimal formation in planet-forming disks.
Stellar metallicity gradients of Local Group dwarf galaxies
Authors: Taibi S. , Battaglia G. , Leaman R. , Brooks A. , Riggs C. , Munshi F. , Revaz Y. , Jablonka P.
Published: July 2022

Aims. We explore correlations between the strength of metallicity gradients in Local Group dwarf galaxies and their stellar mass, star formation history timescales, and environment.

Methods. We performed a homogeneous analysis of literature spectroscopic data of red giant stars and determined radial metallicity profiles for 30 Local Group dwarf galaxies. This is the largest compilation of this type to date.

Results. The dwarf galaxies in our sample show a variety of metallicity profiles, most of them decreasing with radius and some with rather steep profiles. The derived metallicity gradients as a function of the half-light radius, ∇[Fe/H](R/Re), show no statistical differences when compared with the morphological type of the galaxies, nor with their distance from the Milky Way or M31. No correlations are found with either stellar mass or star formation timescales. In particular, we do not find the linear relation between ∇[Fe/H](R/Re) and the galaxy median age t50, which has been reported in the literature for a set of simulated systems. On the other hand, the high angular momentum in some of our galaxies does not seem to affect the gradient strengths. The strongest gradients in our sample are observed in systems that are likely to have experienced a past merger event. When these merger candidates are excluded, the analysed dwarf galaxies show mild gradients (∼−0.1 dex Re−1) with little scatter between them, regardless of their stellar mass, dynamical state, and their star formation history. These results agree well with different sets of simulations presented in the literature that were analysed using the same method as for the observed dwarf galaxies.

Conclusions. The interplay between the multitude of factors that could drive the formation of metallicity gradients likely combine in complex ways to produce in general comparable mild ∇[Fe/H](R/Re) values, regardless of stellar mass and star formation history. The strongest driver of steep gradients seems to be previous dwarf-dwarf merger events in a system.
Performance evaluation of bifacial solar PV modules under different climatic regions in Nigeria
Authors: Yakubu Rahimat O. , Mensah Lena D , Quansah David A. , Adaramola Muyiwa S. , Hammed Yusuf
Published: July 2022

Nigeria's annual solar radiation is estimated to be between 1400 and 2500 kWh/m2. This has made the use of solar energy to generate power in the country feasible. We investigated the performance of a bifacial solar PV system in Nigeria under various climatic regions in this study because bifacial PV modules are known to be location-dependent. The In-Plane solar radiation received by tilted monofacial and bifacial PV modules was calculated and compared using an analytical model. In all climatic regions, the bifacial PV system receives more in-plane solar irradiance. The systems were simulated on PVsyst to determine the energy yield, and the results show that under natural ground (vegetation and sand) of the various regions and optimization of the tilt angle, the bifacial PV system yielded more energy than the monofacial system. The bifacial gain varies depending on location, and system parameters must be optimized to improve the bifacial energy gain.
Experimental study of binderless briquetting process: effect of temperature on the fuel briquettes from rice husks
Authors: Ekoube Paule A. , Gnikam Emmanuel , Said Oumar , Ngansop Vanessa L. , Bot Bill V.
Published: July 2022

In developing countries’ socio-environmental background, fossil fuel use is evolving at the same time as deforestation, resulting in desertification and global warming. There is an urgent need to find alternative sustainable and environmentally friendly sources such as biomass briquettes. This study aims to analyse the effect of densification temperature on characteristics of biomass briquettes produced from rice husks. The densification temperatures applied to each production run varied from 0 to 350°C with an increment of 50°C in a heating screw press. Physical and proximal analysis of briquettes produced at each stage of temperature is done in order to determine bulk density, moisture content, Ash content, volatile matter according to NF standard. A statistical analysis was applied in order model the relationship between briquettes’ characteristics and densification temperature. Interpretation of correlation coefficients (0,98) shows that there is a strong correlation between densification temperature and briquette density. As temperature increases, density also increases. However, the correlation (r = 0,44) between densification temperature and ash content is very low, and there is no significant impact.
Work and Training Conditions of German Residents and Young Radiologists in Interventional Radiology – A Nationwide Survey
Authors: Sieren Malte , Katoh Marcus , Mahnken Andreas H. , Reimer Peter , Westphalen Kerstin , Hoffmann Ralf-Thorsten , Paprottka Philipp , Rohde Stefan , Wacker Frank K. , Minko Peter , Molwitz Isabel , Oechtering Thekla Helene , Afat Saif , Bucher Andreas Michael , Gerwing Mirjam , Storz Corinna , Ziegler Henrike-Renate , Barkhausen Jörg , Frisch Anne
Published: July 2022

With the increasing need for minimally invasive procedures based on lower complication rates, higher patient acceptance, and technical developments, there is a growing focus on the sound interventional training of young radiologists. This survey aimed to analyze the current situation in interventional radiology (IR) training in Germany to detect shortcomings and identify areas for improvement.

From November 1–30, 2020, an online questionnaire was distributed to representative radiological associations and societies with the request to forward it to radiology residents and radiologists < 40 years. The 44 questions covered six distinct areas from personal working conditions to the characterization of the IR department, training conditions, role of women in IR, and attendance at congresses/external training.

A total of 330 participants completed the questionnaire. 77 % of participants expressed a high interest in IR, and 47 % could even imagine subspecializing in interventional radiology. Most institutions provided the necessary learning conditions and infrastructure. The rate of overall satisfaction with IR training conditions was 45 % (vs. a dissatisfaction rate of 39 %). However, females showed a lower satisfaction rate with their training environment than male participants (28 % vs. 51 %; P = 0.06). Positive correlations with work satisfaction were found for the presence and duration of the IR rotation, the number of partly independently/mentored performed interventions, and structured feedback. Moreover, the need for a structured training curriculum was expressed by 67 % of participants.

Radiological residents and young radiologists expressed a high interest in interventional radiology, and they rate the infrastructure of German hospitals regarding IR as sufficient. However, they expressed the need for consistent IR rotations and better-structured resident and postgraduate education (curricula & interviews).

Interest in interventional radiology among radiological residents and young radiologists in Germany is high, but satisfaction with interventional radiology training leaves room for improvement.
The most frequently mentioned aspects that can improve IR training were

Citation Format
Kostensätze zur monetären Bewertung des
Ressourcenverbrauchs psychischer Erkrankungen im Justizsektor: Ergebnisse des
PECUNIA-Projekts für Deutschland
Authors: Muntendorf Louisa-Kristin , König Hans-Helmut , Janssen Luca , Pokhilenko Irina , Drost Ruben , Simon Judit , García-Pérez Lidia , Brodszky Valentin , Roijen Leona Hakkaart-van , Park A-La , Evers Silvia , Konnopka Alexander
Published: July 2022

Zielsetzung Bisher konnte der Ressourcenverbrauch bei einem Kontakt mit
dem Justizsektor in gesundheitsökonomischen Evaluationen aus
gesellschaftlicher Perspektive nicht monetär bewertet werden.

Methodik Es wurden 12 Kostensätze (KS) zur Messung des
Ressourcenverbrauchs basierend auf Definitionen des PECUNIA-Projekts ermittelt.
KS wurden mittels Literatur- und Internetrecherche, direkter Korrespondenz mit
Kostenträgern oder Proxys erhoben.

Ergebnisse Es wurden KS für Polizei, Feuerwehr, Vandalismus,
Gefängnisaufenthalt, Polizeigewahrsam, einfachen und schweren Diebstahl,
geringfügigen und schweren Vandalismus an Immobilien und Anwaltskosten
vor Gericht kalkuliert.

Schlussfolgerung Bisher fehlten KS für den Justizsektor, die
für ökonomische Evaluationen aus gesellschaftlicher Perspektive
erforderlich sind. Die Nutzbarkeit der KS in Forschungsfeldern außerhalb
der Gesundheitsökonomie betont die Relevanz dieser Arbeit.

Schlüsselwörter Intersektorale Kosten,
Bewertungssätze, ökonomische Evaluation, psychische
Erkrankungen, Kostenkalkulation Calculation of Standardized Unit Costs of Mental
Health in the Criminal Justice Sector – Results of the PECUNIA Project
for Germany
Electrochemical Cascade Thia-Michael and Thioacetalization of Cyclic Enones
Authors: Yadav Lalit , Maneesha Maneesha , Badsara Satpal Singh , Dabaria Kamlesh Kumar , Jat Pooja Kumari , Gurjar Asha
Published: July 2022

The first electricity-promoted, catalyst-free cascade thia-Michael addition and thioacetalization of cyclic enones with thiols are described. The electro-organic protocol was found to be suitable for both alkyl and aryl thiols, which reacted with a variety of cyclic enones to afford the corresponding tris-sulfane in good to excellent yields. Based on control experiments, it was found that this cascade reaction is chemoselective, involving first thia-Michael addition followed by thioacetalization process.
Visible-Light-Induced Recyclable g-C3N4 Catalyzed C–H Hydroxylation of Quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones
Authors: Xie Long-Yong , Peng Sha , Xie Qi-Xin , Chen Yi-Dan , Zhou Jia-Yi
Published: July 2022

A visible-light-promoted hydroxylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones using recyclable graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as a heterogeneous photocatalyst has been developed. This protocol enables the selective synthesis of various hydroxyl-containing quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones in good to excellent yields under an ambient air atmosphere. Importantly, this heterogeneous catalyst can be used at least six times without significant loss of activity.
Selectfluor-Mediated Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Hydrazines: A Process for the Synthesis of Azo Compounds
Authors: Zhao Yulei , Li Shuai , Cui Jinjie , Wang Huimin , Kang Xin , Wang Yan , Tian Laijin
Published: July 2022

A facile method to synthesize azo compounds from hydrazine derivatives is developed. This represents the unprecedented example of Selectfluor-mediated oxidative dehydrogenation of hydrazine derivatives. The reaction might proceed through N-fluorination and elimination processes. This protocol exhibits key features including simple operation, mild conditions, good functional group tolerance, and high efficiency. Moreover, the advantage is also highlighted by the conversion of a sulfonyl-substituted azo compound to furnish acetanilide in excellent yield under 4 W blue LED irradiation.
Management of Adult Chiari I Patients Based on CSF Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Experience of Two Neurosurgical Centers
Authors: Abdallah Anas , Çınar İrfan , Gündağ Papaker Meliha , Güler Abdallah Betül , Emel Erhan
Published: July 2022

Background and Study Aims Chiari malformation type 1 (CM1) is one of the most discussed neurosurgical disorders. No consensus exists how to manage adult CM1 patients. We aimed to evaluate all adult CM1 patients consecutively managed at our institutions and discuss our approach based on the phase-contrast (PC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Patients and Methods The medical charts of adult patients diagnosed with CM1 at two referral neurosurgical centers between 2010 and 2017 were reviewed. The patients were either managed conservatively or surgically. We evaluated the patients clinically with the Chicago Chiari Outcome Scale (CCOS). The radiologic diagnosis was based on both craniocervical and PC-MRI.

Results Ninety adult CM1 patients were managed conservatively. Conservative treatment failed in 5 of these 90 patients. Seventy-two patients (including those 5 patients who did not benefit from conservative treatment) underwent posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty. Eighty-five patients (94.4%) from the conservative group and 61 patients (84.7%) from the surgical group were treated successfully. An aqueductal stroke volume (ASV) value of 12 µL was found as the cutoff value for surgical candidates. A strong positive correlation between the increase in ASV values and clinical improvement was observed.

Conclusions PC-MRI can help in the management and follow-up of adult CM1 patients. Conservative management is possible in selected symptomatic CM1 patients with a high ASV (ASV > 15 µL). Surgery should be considered in patients with an ASV ≤ 12 µL. CM1 patients with ASV ≤12 to >15 μL require close follow-up. Long-standing symptoms, severe sleep apnea, symptoms influencing functionality, and syrinx are factors that affected outcomes negatively.
Feasibility of Simple Oral Preparation Contrast-Enhanced CT Colonography (SOP-CE-CTC) Using Mannitol as a Neutral Oral Contrast Agent
Authors: Rathi Vinita
Published: July 2022

Purpose This article prospectively assesses the feasibility of simple oral preparation contrast-enhanced computed tomography colonography (SOP-CE-CTC) using a large volume of oral 3% mannitol for good colonic distension along with mural and mucosal fold visualization.

Methods A total of 100 patients in whom contrast CT abdomen was requested, recruited as per selection criteria, were advised to take mild oral bowel preparation for two nights, prior to the investigation. Then, after fasting overnight, they were asked to consume 1,500 to 2,000 mL of 3% mannitol solution in about an hour. Thirty minutes after completing the ingestion of oral mannitol, intravenous contrast was injected and SOP-CE-CTC was acquired at 55 seconds. Distension of six segments of the colon was evaluated by assigning scores 1 to 4 for qualitative assessment; and measuring the maximum luminal diameter of the colon, for quantitative assessment. Colonic mucosal and mural visualization were evaluated subjectively. All observations were recorded by two reviewers (with varying levels of experience) independently.

Results On qualitative analysis, the colon showed optimal distension (score 4) in 58 to 89% cases on SOP-CE-CTC. There was agreement between both the reviewers in 89 to 99% cases (weighted kappa 0.820–0.979; p < 0.001). On quantitative analysis, the mean of the maximum colonic diameter ranged between 3.4 and 5.2 cm; and both the reviewers agreed in 89 to 97% cases (weighted kappa 0.777–0.967; p < 0.001). Mural and mucosal fold visualization in the proximal four segments of the colon was excellent (in 90–98%) but in the rectum and sigmoid it was 45 and 66%, respectively; both the reviewers agreed in 100% cases (weighted kappa 1.0 and p < 0.001).

Conclusion Good colonic distension, mural, and mucosal fold visualization can be achieved on SOP-CE-CTC using 1,500 to 2,000 mL of 3% oral mannitol and mild oral bowel preparation agents.
Providers Electing to Receive Electronic Result Notifications: Demographics and Motivation
Authors: Slovis Benjamin H. , Vervilles William J.K. , Vawdrey David K. , Swartz Jordan L. , Winans Catherine , Kairys John C. , Riggio Jeffrey M.
Published: July 2022

Background Automated electronic result notifications can alert health care providers of important clinical results. In contrast to historical notification systems, which were predominantly focused on critical laboratory abnormalities and often not very customizable, modern electronic health records provide capabilities for subscription-based electronic notification. This capability has not been well studied.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to develop an understanding of when and how a provider decides to use a subscription-based electronic notification. Better appreciation for the factors that contribute to selecting such notifications could aid in improving the functionality of these tools.

Methods We performed an 8-month quantitative assessment of 3,291 notifications and a qualitative survey assessment of 73 providers who utilized an elective notification tool in our electronic health record.

Results We found that most notifications were requested by attending physicians (∼60%) and from internal medicine specialty (∼25%). Most providers requested only a few notifications while a small minority (nearly 5%) requested 10 or more in the study period. The majority (nearly 30%) of requests were for chemistry laboratories. Survey respondents reported using the tool predominantly for important or time-sensitive laboratories. Overall opinions of the tool were positive (median = 7 out of 10, 95% confidence interval: 6–9), with 40% of eligible respondents reporting the tool improved quality of care. Reported examples included time to result review, monitoring of heparin drips, and reviewing pathology results.

Conclusion Developing an understanding for when and how providers decide to be notified of clinical results can help aid in the design and improvement of clinical tools, such as improved elective notifications. These tools may lead to reduced time to result review which could in turn improve clinical care quality.
Modeling blood flow through the carotid bifurcation
Authors: Kim Meeri
Published: July 2022

Three-dimensional experimental model, combined with numerical simulations, finds noticeable differences among Newtonian and non-Newtonian flow regimes.
Asymptotic relations for semi-classical Laguerre orthogonal polynomials and the associated Hankel determinants
Authors: Han Pengju , Chen Yang
Published: July 2022

We study recurrence coefficients of semi-classical Laguerre orthogonal polynomials and the associated Hankel determinant generated by a semi-classical Laguerre weight w(x,t)=xαe−x−tx2,x∈(0,∞),α>0,t≥0. If t = 0, it is reduced to the classical Laguerre weight. For t > 0, this weight tends to zero faster than the classical Laguerre weight as x → ∞. In the finite n-dimensional case, we obtain two auxiliary quantities Rn(t) and rn(t) by using the Ladder operator approach. We show that the Hankel determinant has an integral representation in terms of Rn(t), where the quantity Rn(t) is closely related to a second-order nonlinear differential equation. Furthermore, we derive a second-order nonlinear differential equation and also a second-order differential equation for the auxiliary quantity σn(t)=−∑j=0n−1Rj(t), which is also related to the logarithmic derivative of the Hankel determinant. In the infinite n-dimensional case, we consider the asymptotic behaviors of the recurrence coefficients and the scaled Laguerre orthogonal polynomials by using the Coulomb fluid method.
An improved one-dimensional sinusoidal band-stop filter using weighted techniques
Authors: Wang Zhaohong , Guo Jiarui , Luo Yikun , Han Chao
Published: July 2022

In this paper, the weighting techniques are directly acted on traditional 1D sinusoidal electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures. The proposed 1D weighted EBG band-stop filter is theoretically designed by using coupled-mode theory, and the coupling coefficient amplitudes of the 1D sinusoidal EBG structure are directly weighted using window functions. The passband ripple, reflected sidelobes, and bandwidth of the band-stop filter are improved using weighted window functions, and the bandgap depth is adjusted by changing the amplitude factor of weighting functions. For validation, the fabrication and measurements have also been done for the proposed filter. The measurement and simulation results have a close match, and the design concept is verified.
Molecular dynamics study of water and ion behaviors of mixed salts solutions on extended quartz surface
Authors: Liu Bin , Yao Yun , Li Qiang , Lan Panpan , Fan Yun , Li Wenxian
Published: July 2022

The adoption and evolution of water molecules and ions in mixed electrolytes at the surface play vital roles in the physical properties and chemical reactions of SiO2-like corrosion. The effect of salt type and concentration on the structure and dynamics of water molecules and ions at silica surfaces are studied using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations taking the case of the NaCl, MgCl2, and NaCl–MgCl2 aqueous solutions. The ability of ion hydration is in the order of Mg2+ > Na+ > Cl−, being opposite to their hydration Gibbs free energies, which directly influence the weak interaction in the solution and the diffusion rate of the particles. Mg shows stronger destruction to weak interactions than Na does, and ionic hydration of Mg2+ decelerates the self-diffusion coefficient of water molecules significantly due to the enhanced Coulomb effect and the interruption of solution continuity. Meanwhile, the self-diffusion coefficient of particles decreases with the concentration improvement in the single salt solution as increased ionic hydration. In the mixed salt solution, the order of diffusion rate is Cl− > Na+ > Mg2+ as a result of the different confinement effects of the protonated pore. Interestingly, a small amount of Na+ addition can promote the self-diffusion of Mg2+, but a great many of Na+ addition slows the diffusion of Mg2+. This work provides comprehensive insight into the behavior of mixed salt solutions at silica surfaces, shedding light on the practical applications of geological sciences, cultural relics protection, and colloidal sciences.
Piezoelectric acoustic wave characteristics of Pb(In0.5Nb0.5)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 single crystal substrate: A comparative study with and without SiO2 overlay
Authors: Zhang Qiaozhen , Du Rufan , Li Baichuan , Liu Huiling , Zhao Xiangyong , Chen Ziyun , Luo Haosu
Published: July 2022

This paper investigates the excitation and propagation characteristics of a piezoelectric acoustic wave propagating in a rotated Y-cut X-propagating Pb(In0.5Nb0.5)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PIN-PMN-PT) relaxor-based ferroelectric single crystal substrate. Numerical simulations were performed to evaluate the acoustic wave properties by FEM software COMSOL. For comparison, two types of structures are taken into consideration: one is the traditional metal electrode/YX-PIN-PMN-PT and the other is silicon dioxide (SiO2) overlay/metal electrode/YX-PIN-PMN-PT substrate. It is shown that shear-horizontal (SH)-type piezoelectric boundary acoustic waves (PBAW) exist in the SiO2 overlay/metal electrode/YX-PIN-PMN-PT substrate and offer a fairly large electromechanical coupling factor K2 of 30%. Compared to a surface acoustic wave excited in the metal electrode/YX-PIN-PMN-PT substrate, enlarged phase velocity and significantly improved quality factor (∼3500) are simultaneously obtained for SH-type PBAW, which are promising for electromechanical transducer applications with high performance.