bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable plant-based diets promote rainbow trout gut microbiota richness and do not alter resistance to bacterial infection
Authors: Pérez-Pascual David , Pérez-Cobas Ana Elena , Rigaudeau Dimitri , Rochat Tatiana , Bernardet Jean-François , Skiba-Cassy Sandrine , Marchand Yann , Duchaud Eric , Ghigo Jean-Marc
Published: July 2021

Background

Farmed fish food with reduced fish-derived products are gaining growing interest due to the ecological impact of fish-derived protein utilization and the necessity to increase aquaculture sustainability. Although different terrestrial plant proteins could replace fishmeal proteins, their use is associated with adverse effects. Here, we investigated how diets composed of terrestrial vegetal sources supplemented with proteins originating from insect, yeast or terrestrial animal by-products affect rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss) gut microbiota composition, growth performance and resistance to bacterial infection by the fish pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum responsible for frequent outbreaks in aquaculture settings.

Results

We showed that the tested regimes significantly increased gut bacterial richness compared to full vegetal or commercial-like diets, and that vegetal diet supplemented with insect and yeast proteins improves growth performance compared to full vegetal diet without altering rainbow trout susceptibility to F. psychrophilum infection.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that the use of insect and yeast protein complements to vegetal fish feeds maintain microbiota functions, growth performance and fish health, therefore identifying promising alternative diets to improve aquaculture’s sustainability.
An efficient algorithm of the unified stochastic particle Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook method for the simulation of multi-scale gas flows
Authors: Fei Fei , Ma Yang , Wu Jie , Zhang Jun
Published: July 2021

The unified stochastic particle method based on the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook model (USP-BGK) has been proposed recently to overcome the low accuracy and efficiency of the traditional stochastic particle methods, such as the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, for the simulation of multi-scale gas flows. However, running with extra virtual particles and space interpolation, the previous USP-BGK method cannot be directly transplanted into the existing DSMC codes. In this work, the implementation of USP-BGK is simplified using new temporal evolution and spatial reconstruction schemes. As a result, the present algorithm of the USP-BGK method is similar to the DSMC method and can be implemented efficiently based on any existing DSMC codes just by modifying the collision module.
Do bicortical diaphyseal array pins create the risk of periprosthetic fracture in robotic-assisted knee arthroplasties?
Authors: Yun Andrew G. , Qutami Marilena , Pasko Kory B. Dylan
Published: July 2021

Background

Optical array placement for robotic-assisted knee replacement introduces the rare, but real risk of periprosthetic fracture. The purpose of this retrospective study was to review the incidence of fracture with the conventional technique of bicortical diaphyseal pin placement. We also evaluated a modified method of unicortical periarticular pin placement to mitigate this risk.

Methods

We reviewed 2603 knee arthroplasties that were performed between June 2017 and December 2019. The conventional bicortical diaphyseal technique was used in 1571 knees (bicortical diaphyseal group) and the unicortical periarticular technique was used in 1032 knees (unicortical periarticular group).

Results

A more than 1-year follow-up revealed that 3 femoral shaft fractures (0.19%) occurred in the bicortical diaphyseal group and no fracture took place in the unicortical periarticular group. There was no array loosening in either group.

Conclusions

The modified unicortical periarticular pin placement is a reliable technique for computer-navigated and robotic-assisted knee arthroplasties. It may be associated with a lower incidence of postoperative femoral shaft fractures, compared to conventional bicortical diaphyseal pinning.
Safety and efficacy of elagolix (with and without add-back therapy) for the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding associated with uterine leiomyomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ali Mustafa , Hira Aruna Kumari , Jawaid Haris , Zakaria Faiza , Somjee Zehra
Published: July 2021

Background

Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is a common clinical finding in patients with uterine leiomyomas that can negatively impact their quality of life. Recently, a novel oral GnRH-antagonist (elagolix) has emerged as a possible therapeutic agent for this ailment. Herein data was pooled from clinical trials assessing the safety and efficacy of elagolix with and without add-back therapy.

Main text

PubMed and Cochrane library were systematically searched for RCTs that measured the efficacy and safety of elagolix for the treatment of uterine fibroid-associated HMB. All safety and efficacy endpoints were compared between elagolix-alone, elagolix w/add-back therapy, and placebo. The primary efficacy endpoint was defined as the number of women who achieved menstrual blood loss (MBL) < 80 ml and a reduction in MBL from baseline of > 50% at the end of treatment. Secondary outcomes assessed included change in hemoglobin levels, incidence suppression of bleeding and amenorrhea, and the incidence of adverse events. The random effects model was used to pool data, and heterogeneity was assessed using I2.

Our search identified 4 clinical trials meeting our PICO criteria, with a total of 916 patients. Analysis of the primary outcome revealed that elagolix-alone was the most effective treatment compared to both placebo (LOR = 3.47, CI = 3.03–3.91, p = 0.000, I2 = 0.0%) and add-back therapy (LOR = 0.64, CI = 0.12–1.16, p = 0.016, I2 = 43.1%). Furthermore, both elagolix groups (irrespective of add-back therapy) observed a significant improvement in post-treatment hemoglobin levels as compared to the placebo group (elagolix-alone vs PBO: LOR = 1.44, CI = 0.66–2.22, I2 = 66.0%, p = 0.000; elagolix-w/add-back therapy vs PBO: LOR = 1.22, CI = 0.78–1.66, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.000). Concerning safety, while elagolix without add-back therapy had the highest overall incidence of adverse effects (elagolix-alone vs placebo LOR = 0.84, CI = 0.48–1.20, I2 = 7.8%, p = 0.000; elagolix-alone vs elagolix-w/add-back LOR = 0.68, CI = 0.09–1.26, p = 0.024, I2 = 64.6%), the incidence of serious (life threatening) adverse events between all 3 treatment groups was not statistically different. The inclusion of add-back therapy with elagolix made the treatment noticeably safer (elagolix-w/add-back vs placebo: LOR = 0.19, CI = − 0.10 to 0.48, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.194) without seriously compromising its efficacy.

Conclusion

High-quality evidence from 4 trials suggests that elagolix is an effective treatment for leiomyoma-associated HMB, with a marked improvement in all efficacy endpoints. Furthermore, the inclusion of add-back therapy in the treatment regimen should be considered as it mitigates the hypoestrogenic effects of elagolix.
Adapting coordinated specialty care in the post-COVID-19 era: study protocol for an integrative mixed-methods study
Authors: Patel Sapana R. , Bello Iruma , Cabassa Leopoldo J. , Nossel Ilana R. , Wall Melanie M. , Montague Elaina , Rahim Reanne , Mathai Chacku M. , Dixon Lisa B.
Published: July 2021

Background

Coordinated Specialty Care (CSC) programs provide evidence-based services for young people with a recent onset of a psychotic disorder. OnTrackNY is a nationally recognized model of CSC treatment in New York state. In 2019, OnTrackNY was awarded a hub within the Early Psychosis Intervention Network (EPINET) to advance its learning health care system (LHS). The OnTrackNY network is comprised of 23 CSC teams across New York state. OnTrack Central, an intermediary organization, provides training and implementation support to OnTrackNY teams. OnTrack Central coordinates a centralized data collection protocol for quality improvement and evaluation of program fidelity and a mechanism to support practice based-research. OnTrackNY sites’ breadth coupled with OnTrack Central oversight provides an opportunity to examine the impacts of the COVID-19 crisis in New York State, and supplementary funding was awarded to the OnTrackNY EPINET hub in 2021 for that purpose.

Methods

This project will examine the implications of modifications to service delivery within the OnTrackNY LHS during and after the COVID-19 crisis. We will use the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modification-Enhanced (FRAME) to classify systematically, code, and analyze modifications to CSC services and ascertain their impact. We will utilize integrative mixed methods. Qualitative interviews with multi-level stakeholders (program participants, families, providers, team leaders, agency leaders, trainers (OnTrack Central), and decision-makers at the state and local levels) will be used to understand the process of making decisions, information about modifications to CSC services, and their impact. Analysis of OnTrackNY program data will facilitate examining trends in team staffing and functioning, and participant service utilization and outcomes. Study findings will be summarized in a CSC Model Adaptation Guide, which will identify modifications as fidelity consistent or not, and their impact on service utilization and care outcomes.

Discussion

A CSC Model Adaptation Guide will inform CSC programs, and the state and local mental health authorities to which they are accountable, regarding modifications to CSC services and the impact of these changes on care process, and participant service utilization and outcomes. The guide will also inform the development of tailored technical assistance that CSC programs may need within OnTrackNY, the EPINET network, and CSC programs nationally.

Trial registration

NCT04021719, July 16th, 2019.
Pharmacokinetic predictions and docking studies of substituted aryl amine-based triazolopyrimidine designed inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (PfDHODH)
Authors: Ibrahim Zakari Ya’u , Uzairu Adamu , Shallangwa Gideon Adamu , Abechi Stephen Eyije
Published: July 2021

Background

The sixteen (16) designed data set of substituted aryl amine-based triazolopyrimidine were docked against Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (PfDHODH) employing Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD) software and their pharmacokinetic property determined through SwissADME predictor.

Results

The docking studies shows compound D16, 5-((6-methoxy-5-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl)amino)benzo[b]thiophen-4-ol to be the most interactive and stable derivative (re-rank score = − 114.205 kcal/mol) resulting from the hydrophobic as well as hydrogen interactions. The hydrogen interaction produced one hydrogen bond with the active residues LEU359 (H∙∙H∙∙O) at a bond distances of 2.2874 Å. All the designed derivatives were found to pass the Lipinski rule of five tests, supporting the drug-likeliness of the designed compounds.

Conclusion

The ADME analysis revealed a perfect concurrence with the Lipinski Ro5, where the derivatives were found to possess good pharmacokinetic properties such as molar refractivity (MR), number of rotatable bonds (nRotb), log of skin permeability (log Kp), blood-brain barrier (BBB). These results could a deciding factor for the optimization of novel antimalarial compounds.
Cerebral ischemic stroke and different approaches for treatment of stroke
Authors: Girnar Ghanashyam Arun , Mahajan Hitendra Shaligram
Published: July 2021

Background

Cerebral ischemia can be considered a lethal disease as it is a leading cause of death worldwide with no prompt line of treatment. The factors which make this disease more fatal are failure of drugs while crossing BBB, very low availability of the drug in the brain, inefficiency of drug molecule in the clinical studies, limited availability of clinical data, lack of awareness about this disease, and many more.

Main body

This review focuses on reasons and mechanisms of stroke, classification of brain ischemia; it also reveals the current scenario of stroke in India. Very few drugs are effective for the treatment of stroke. This compilation furnishes conventional and recent treatments of stroke along with their hurdles like the gap between preclinical and clinical studies. This review also suggests effective routes of administration of drugs for the treatment of brain ischemia specifically nose-to-brain route and effectiveness of different dosage forms precisely nanoformulations, as the most effective dosage form.

Conclusion

By following different guidelines and treatments, the risk of brain ischemia can be minimized as well as some advanced techniques for the treatment of this disease proving their efficiency. One of the important aspects in the success of the treatment for this disease is the route of administration of the drug. Among all routes, intranasal drug delivery presents a potential approach and is supposed to be the next-generation therapy for brain disorders. The nose-to-brain route is very effective, and it shows some promising results in case of stroke treatment. The strategy is still under investigation despite various successful lab-scale studies; there are numerous challenges to reach the product in the market. Research is going on to get a better understanding of this strategy. We believe that detailed studies to resolve pitfalls will lead to the successful development of an intranasal formulation for the management of ischemic brain injury such as stroke.
An emotions-informed approach for digital documentation of rural heritage landscapes: Baojiatun, a traditional tunpu village in Guizhou, China
Authors: Nancarrow Jane-Heloise , Yang Chen , Yang Jing
Published: July 2021

The application of digital technologies has greatly improved the efficiency of cultural heritage documentation and the diversity of heritage information. Yet the adequate incorporation of cultural, intangible, sensory or experimental elements of local heritage in the process of digital documentation, and the deepening of local community engagement, remain important issues in cultural heritage research. This paper examines the heritage landscape of tunpu people within the context of digital conservation efforts in China and the emergence of emotions studies as an evaluative tool. Using a range of data from the Ming-era village of Baojiatun in Guizhou Province, this paper tests an exploratory emotions-based approach and methodology, revealing shifting interpersonal relationships, experiential and praxiological engagement with the landscape, and emotional registers within tunpu culture and heritage management. The analysis articulates distinctive asset of emotional value at various scales and suggests that such approaches, applied within digital documentation contexts, can help researchers to identify multi-level heritage landscape values and their carriers. This methodology can provide more complete and dynamic inventories to guide digital survey and representation; and the emotions-based approach also supports the integration of disparate heritage aspects in a holistic understanding of the living landscape. Finally, the incorporation of community participation in the process of digital survey breaks down boundaries between experts and communities and leads to more culturally appropriate heritage records and representations.
Full-scale test of precast prestressed concrete double-tee girder for rural bridges
Authors: Nguyen Dinh Hung , Vu Hong Nghiep , Nguyen Thac Quang
Published: July 2021

Increasing the number of small and medium-sized bridges is a need to improve accessibility in rural areas of the Mekong River Delta of Vietnam. Many types of bridge structures can be the suitable selection for rural bridges, on which the overall load of the operating truck is about 100kN. An objective of this paper is to propose a double-tee (DT) girder with the span length varying from 12 m to 15 m for the rural bridge types B and C in the Vietnamese standard. New concrete aggregate using crushed sand and fly ash for the DT girders is also examined to solve the scarcity of natural sand and environmental problem from industrial waste. A full-scale DT girder with a span length of 12 m is tested to confirm the capacity of the proposed design. Result finds out that the concrete sand, which the natural sand is replaced by 90% of the crushed sand and 10% of the fly ash by weight, could be well applied for the proposed DT girders. Another finding is a linear elastic uncracked response of the tested DT girder under loads of a rural vehicle and concrete blocks of 306kN. Therefore, the proposed DT girders are suggested to the rural bridges.
Directional biosonar beams allow echolocating harbour porpoises to actively discriminate and intercept closely spaced targets
Authors: Malinka Chloe E. , Rojano-Doñate Laia , Madsen Peter T.
Published: July 2021

Echolocating toothed whales face the problem that high sound speeds in water mean that echoes from closely spaced targets will arrive at time delays within their reported auditory integration time of some 264 µs. Here, we test the hypothesis that echolocating harbour porpoises cannot resolve and discriminate targets within a clutter interference zone given by their integration time. To do this, we trained two harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) to actively approach and choose between two spherical targets at four varying inter-target distances (13.5, 27, 56 and 108 cm) in a two-alternative forced-choice task. The free-swimming, blindfolded porpoises were tagged with a sound and movement tag (DTAG4) to record their echoic scene and acoustic outputs. The known ranges between targets and the porpoise, combined with the sound levels received on target-mounted hydrophones revealed how the porpoises controlled their acoustic gaze. When targets were close together, the discrimination task was more difficult because of smaller echo time delays and lower echo level ratios between the targets. Under these conditions, buzzes were longer and started from farther away, source levels were reduced at short ranges, and the porpoises clicked faster, scanned across the targets more, and delayed making their discrimination decision until closer to the target. We conclude that harbour porpoises can resolve and discriminate closely spaced targets, suggesting a clutter rejection zone much shorter than their auditory integration time, and that such clutter rejection is greatly aided by spatial filtering with their directional biosonar beam.
Developing effective data visualization tools for nutrition: reflections on the design of a Nutrition Scorecard in Nigeria
Authors: Rana Yashodhara , Dongo Gianni , Snead Caroline , Agi Grace , Sadik Oluwagbenga , Heidkamp Rebecca , Abdulwahab Ahmad
Published: July 2021

There has been a growing number of nutrition data visualization tools (DVTs) to monitor progress towards targets and encourage action. However, there are few documented examples of how to go about designing effective DVTs for nutrition-related audiences. In this Open Letter, we summarize reflections from collaborative efforts between the Nigeria Governors’ Forum (NGF) and the Data for Decisions to Expand Nutrition Transformation project (DataDENT) in 2019-2021 to design a sub-national nutrition scorecard that aims to hold Nigeria’s 36 Governors accountable to nutrition commitments. Our reflections add to an emerging body of work advocating for DVT design processes to develop a specific theory of change for how the DVT will influence target groups and achieve aims. Once the target audience is identified, it is important to create a strong engagement strategy to ensure that the DVT promotes constructive action. We also highlight the importance of identifying actionable indicators through participatory processes. We hope that these insights about collaborative DVT design can be applied by countries and institutions who want to develop similar tools to advance the nutrition agenda in their context.
A scoping review protocol to map the evidence on the use of action research methodology by healthcare professionals and in healthcare team settings
Authors: Roberts Kinley , Casey Mary , Coghlan David , Cornall Catherine , Hudson Clare , Stokes Diarmuid , Carroll Aine
Published: July 2021

Background: Action research (AR) starts with an existing practical situation with which there is a concern or potential for improvement. It seeks transformative change through the simultaneous process of doing research and undertaking actions, both of which are linked together by a critical reflective process. It simultaneously allows one to systematically investigate a given social situation while promoting democratic change and collaborative participation. AR approaches have been used for many years in business management and education. More recently, AR has become an increasingly popular method of inquiry in healthcare, particularly in nursing, to investigate professional practice while simultaneously; introducing innovations; planning and undertaking action; and evaluating new ideas. The overall goal is to augment collaboration whilst improving the patient experience and outcomes.

Methods: The Arksey and O'Malley methodology framework will be used to guide this scoping review process: stage 1 will identify the research questions; the eligibility criteria and search strategy will be defined in stage 2; studies will then be selected in stage 3; data will be extracted and charted from these included studies in stage 4; stage 5 involves aggregating and summarising these results along with criteria relevant for health professionals and policy-makers. An optional consultation (stage 6) exercise may potentially be included.

Conclusion: This scoping review will comprehensively map the evidence on the use of AR methodology by healthcare professionals and in healthcare team settings. It is predicted that the findings will inform researchers in carrying out future AR and highlight gaps in the literature. An article reporting the results of the completed scoping review will be submitted for publication to a scientific journal and presented at relevant national and international conferences.
Sedentary behaviour levels in adults with an intellectual disability: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lynch Louise , McCarron Mary , McCallion Philip , Burke Eilish
Published: July 2021

Background: Sedentary behaviour (SB), which is characterised by low levels of energy expenditure, has been linked to increased cardio-metabolic risks, obesity and mortality, as well as cancer risk. No firm guidelines are established on safe levels of SB. Adults with an intellectual disability (ID) have poorer health than their counterparts in the general population with higher rates of multi-morbidity, inactivity, and obesity. The reasons for this health disparity are unclear however it is known that SB and overall inactivity contribute to poorer health. There is no clear picture of the levels of SB among individuals with ID therefore SB levels in this vulnerable population need to be examined. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the prevalence of sedentary behaviour in adults with an ID.  

Methods: The PRISMA-P framework was applied to identify high quality articles. An extensive search was carried out in four databases and grey literature sources . In total, 1,972 articles were retrieved of which 48 articles went forward for full review after duplicate removal and screening by title and abstract. The National Institute of Health’s quality assessment tools were used to assess article quality. Two reviewers independently assessed each article. An excel spreadsheet was created to guide the data extraction process. The final review included 25 articles. A meta-analysis was completed using REVMAN.  

Results: Different SB assessment types were identified in studies. These included steps, time, questionnaires, and screen time. Studies were heterogeneous. Observed daily steps per individual ranged from 44 to above 30,000, with an average of approximately 6,500 steps. Mean daily time spent in SBs was more than 60% of available time, with observed screen time of more than 3 hours. 

Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of SB in adults with an intellectual disability. 

 [Registration no: Index CRD42020177225].
Safeguarding COVID-19 and cancer management: drug design and therapeutic approach
Authors: Thorat Nanasaheb , Pricl Sabrina , Parchur Abdul K. , Somvanshi Sandeep B. , Li Qifei , Umrao Sachin , Townley Helen
Published: July 2021

Recent clinical cohort studies have highlighted that there is a three-fold greater SARS-Cov-2 infection risk in cancer patients, and overall mortality in individuals with tumours is increased by 41% with respect to general COVID-19 patients. Thus, access to therapeutics and intensive care is compromised for people with both diseases (comorbidity) and there is risk of delayed access to diagnosis. This comorbidity has resulted in extensive burden on the treatment of patients and health care system across the globe; moreover, mortality of hospitalized patients with comorbidity is reported to be 30% higher than for individuals affected by either disease. In this data-driven review, we aim specifically to address drug discoveries and clinical data of cancer management during the COVID-19 pandemic. The review will extensively address the treatment of COVID-19/cancer comorbidity; treatment protocols and new drug discoveries, including the description of drugs currently available in clinical settings; demographic features; and COVID-19 outcomes in cancer patients worldwide.
Adherence to iron and folic acid supplementation during pregnancy among postnatal mothers seeking maternal and child healthcare at Kakamega level 5 hospital in Kenya: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bahati Felix , Kairu-Wanyoike Salome , Nzioki Japheth Mativo
Published: July 2021

Background: Maternal anaemia is a public health problem worldwide, and its aetiology is linked to iron deficiency. The high nutrient demand during pregnancy exacerbates the condition. To meet the increased nutritional demand, supplementation of iron and folic acid (IFA) is key. The supplements are provided freely to pregnant women during antenatal visits at public health facilities, however, their uptake and adherence in Kenya remain unacceptably low.

Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study involving 241 postnatal mothers seeking maternal and child healthcare (MCH) care at Kakamega level 5 hospital was conducted. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. Quantitative data were collected from 241 eligible postnatal mothers, while qualitative data were obtained through key informant interviews with community health volunteers and healthcare providers.

Results: There was a moderate adherence to IFA supplementation (60.6%) during pregnancy among postnatal mothers seeking MCH care at Kakamega level 5 hospital. Some of the reasons for non-adherence stated by the respondents included; IFA related side effects (41.3%), forgetfulness (37.3%) and bad smell of the IFA supplements (10.3%). Higher IFA adherence was noted among the primigravida participants (OR=2.704; 95% CI: 1.262, 5.793; p=0.010) compared to multigravida participants, and those with a higher knowledge level of anaemia (OR=3.215; 95% CI: 1.346, 7.68; p=0.009) compared to their counterparts with low anaemia knowledge. Other factors that showed correlation with IFA adherence were: IFA education, pregnancy counselling before conception and the number of antenatal care visits attained.

Conclusion: There is a moderate adherence to IFA supplementation during pregnancy among mothers seeking MCH at Kakamega level 5 hospital. The greatest impediments of IFA compliance during pregnancy are IFA side effects, forgetfulness and the bad smell of the IFA tablets. Therefore, providing IFA education to pregnant mothers incorporated with probable ways of managing the IFA side effects would contribute to IFA supplementation adherence.
En defensa del bolsillo popular: El diario Crónica y la economía argentina durante los años de Martínez de Hoz (1976-1981)
Authors: BORRELLI MARCELO , Epiro Adriano
Published: July 2021

En este artículo se analiza la cobertura periodística que realizó el diario argentino Crónica sobre los asuntos económicos entre marzo de 1976 y marzo de 1981, periodo durante el cual José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz fue el ministro de Economía de la última dictadura militar argentina (1976-1983) e intentó llevar adelante una serie de transformaciones fuertemente regresivas para los sectores populares, cuyos intereses eran representados por el diario. La metodología empleada es cualitativa y apunta a describir los recursos enunciativos puestos en juego por el medio en su construcción noticiosa. Se eligieron ciertos momentos económicos considerados clave durante el periodo analizado. El artículo concluye que Crónica expresó una posición de fuerte defensa de los intereses de los sectores populares, sin que ello implicara una postura abiertamente confrontativa contra el gobierno militar o las autoridades económicas, hacia las cuales, en este último caso, dejó entrever un juicio crítico a través de la voz de otros actores afectados por estas políticas.
Examining interventions to improve young deaf people's mental health: a search for evidence
Authors: Terry Julia
Published: July 2021

Background

Young deaf and hard of hearing people have a higher prevalence of mental health problems than their hearing peers. Little is known about mental health interventions that promote positive mental health in this population group.

Aim

To evaluate evidence of mental health interventions with young deaf and hard of hearing people.

Methods

A literature review was performed over four databases: CINAHL, Medline, Web of Science and Proquest, for peer reviewed articles written in English that focused on interventions to improve young Deaf people's mental health.

Results

The search yielded 62 papers, with none eligible for inclusion. Information did not relate directly to mental health interventions that improve young deaf and hard of hearing people's mental health or that support social and emotional behavioural issues.

Conclusions

Practitioners and researchers need to work closely with deaf and hard of hearing communities and explore what improves young deaf and hard of hearing people's mental health.
What factors influence measles, mumps and rubella vaccine hesitancy among parents? A systematic review
Authors: Stewart Jade , Sayer Lynn
Published: July 2021

Background

The United Kingdom lost its measles free status in 2019 because of an increase in measles cases, resulting from lowered vaccination uptake.

Aims

This review aims to gather a deeper understanding about parents' health choices for their children related to this vaccination.

Methods

A systematic review was carried out with a literature search using CINHAL, MEDLINE and OVID databases to identify information published between September 2016 and February 2020. A critical appraisal of seven studies was completed and a mixed methods synthesis was used to explore the results.

Results

The review identified factors that contribute to a parent's decision to vaccinate their child against measles, mumps and rubella. Five themes emerged: parental knowledge, attitudes and beliefs; safety concerns; specific groups related to religion and natural lifestyles; socioeconomic factors; and the source of health information.

Conclusions

Ongoing health promotion is required for the UK to work towards regaining its measles free status.
Exploring the Dynamic Unconscious: Intersubjectivity and the Raced-Self in Vertically Infected HIV-Positive Adolescents
Authors: Patel Ruby , Graham Tanya
Published: July 2021

This paper explores intrapsychic life as a site of socio-political insertion from birth. The first part of this paper engages with the psychoanalytic theory of Melanie Klein on the notion of the dynamic unconscious and the Oedipal situation as key processes in the development of the self. The paper goes on to discuss the critical contemporary position taken up by scholars who have highlighted the racialisation of the Oedipus complex and its use in justifying racial hierarchies. Furthermore, the paper engages with the unconscious as an intersubjective organising principle. Franz Fanon's psychoanalytic framework, that deals with colonial subjectivity, is reviewed here in order to explore how the raced-self becomes imposed and internalised. The second part of the paper locates this theoretical argument within the context of HIV. Intrapsychic development, which comes to be located in our unconscious mind from birth, cannot be understood outside of specific socio-political considerations. The unique developmental challenges of HIV for those who are vertically infected cannot be taken for granted, and there must be more deliberation on the ways in which intersubjective, politically aware versions of psychoanalysis can be used to inform clinical knowledge and practice in working with vertically infected HIV-positive adolescents in South Africa.
The neglected politics behind evidence-based policy: shedding light on instrument constituency dynamics
Authors: Simons Arno , Schniedermann Alexander
Published: July 2021

Puzzled by the question why evidence-based policy (EBP) thrives despite evidence against it, we reconstruct the development and spread of EBP in inter- and transnational contexts and find that this process is characterised by some of the same dynamics (including ‘structural promises’ and ‘problem chasing’) that have also been observed in many policy instruments. We therefore propose a double reframing: EBP is (1) a ‘meta-instrument’ aiming to establish a particular role for research in policymaking (our ideational reframing) and (2) co-evolving with an ‘instrument constituency’ motivated not only by normative goals but also by the prospect of securing an occupational niche for itself (our social reframing). Taken together, these reframings reveal the neglected politics behind EBP and prompt us to treat EBP as a political device rather than as an analytical framework to explain how policymaking actually relates to research.
The impact of physical distancing on socially vulnerable people needing care during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands
Authors: de Vries Daniel , Pols Jeannette , M’charek Amade , van Weert Julia
Published: July 2021

What was the impact of physical distancing on socially vulnerable groups needing care during the first COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in the Netherlands? We conducted repeated qualitative interviews with 141 people in care relationships and 106 professionals, and two repeated surveys among older populations outside (n = 1697) and inside long-term care facilities (n = 2619). Findings show a diversity of experiences, ranging from relative calmness and feeling socially normal, to loneliness and loss of perspective. Care must be seen as essential social traffic needed to guarantee basic quality of life for these groups during disease outbreaks. Findings emphasise an empirical ethics approach to policy interventions.
Compact metalens-based integrated imaging devices for near-infrared microscopy
Authors: Li Zhixi , Tang Feng , Shang Sihui , Wu Jingjun , Shao Jiahao , Liao Wei , Kong Bo , Zeng Tixian , Ye Xin , Jiang Xiaodong , Yang Liming
Published: July 2021

With current trends to progressively miniaturize optical systems, it is now essential to look for alternative methods to control light at extremely small dimensions. Metalenses are composed of subwavelength nanostructures and have an excellent ability to manipulate the polarization, phase, and amplitude of incident light. Although great progress of metalenses has been made, the compact metalens-integrated devices have not been researched adequately. In the study, we present compact imaging devices for near-infrared microscopy, in which a metalens is exploited. The indicators including resolution, magnification, and image quality are investigated via imaging several specimens of intestinal cells to verify the overall performance of the imaging system. The further compact devices, where the metalens is integrated directly on the CMOS imaging sensor, are also researched to detect biomedical issues. This study provides an approach to constructing compact imaging devices based on metalenses for near-infrared microscopy, micro-telecopy, etc., which can promote the miniaturization tending of futural optical systems.
Ductile-brittle coupled cutting of a single-crystal silicon by ultrasonic assisted diamond turning
Authors: Xing Yintian , Liu Yue , Li Chuang , Yang Chao , Xue Changxi
Published: July 2021

Ultrasonic assisted diamond turning (UADT) is a significant machining technology for the fabrication of a crack-free surface on single-crystal silicon. However, due to insufficient understanding of intermittent cutting characteristic, most researches have been only focused on the mechanism of ductile-regime machining rather than the improvement of surface quality and machining efficiency. Therefore, the novel machining model in UADT, ductile-brittle coupled cutting, is proposed to reveal how to realize the high-precision optical surface with larger processing parameters. Two quantitative performance indices, crack length projection and maximum tolerance length, are employed to evaluate whether a smooth surface can be achieved. And the variation of microscopic crack is analyzed and discussed in a single vibration cycle with different machining and tool parameters. In the experiments, the odd cosine surface is fabricated and the surface roughness Ra can reach 1.739 nm after measuring. The results show that better surface quality and higher machining efficiency can be achieved on single-crystal silicon by ductile-brittle coupled cutting in UADT.
Mother’s tomb: The haunted house in Óskar Þór Axelsson’s I Remember You
Authors: Guðmundsdóttir Sigrún Margrét
Published: July 2021

The film Ég man þig (I Remember You) by Óskar Þór is an adaptation of the eponymous novel by Yrsa Sigurðardóttir from . This article focuses on the film’s depiction of the haunted house, especially on how the empty and mouldy space represents the main characters’ lost future.
Men in motion: On the third Unknown Soldier
Authors: Sihvonen Jukka
Published: July 2021

The third adaptation of The Unknown Soldier premiered during the celebration of the centennial anniversary of Finland’s independence in 2017. The original novel by Väinö Linna was published in 1954. This article will set the story of the novel briefly in both historical and authorial contexts. Then the discussion concentrates on characteristics of spectatorship and observations about differences between the three film adaptations of the novel, the first directed by Edvin , the second by Rauni and the most recent version, again some 30 years later, directed by Aku . Analysis of this film highlights differences from the earlier adaptations as well as additions and shifts in emphasis when compared to the novel, such as the role of the home front and the focus on particular characters, especially corporal Rokka.
Hankering for iconic moments: Transduction and representation in Skam fans’ anticipations about the remake Skam Austin
Authors: Bachmann Anne
Published: July 2021

The Norwegian web series Skam (2015–17) has been remade several times, but the American version Skam Austin (2018–19) has a particular standing as an adaptation because its first season was produced by the original showrunner. The article considers fans’ views of the choices made in the remake and the contextual shifts informing these choices, i.e. their views of the so-called cultural transduction. It argues that the fan discourse around Skam Austin thrives on discussing the transduction in itself, because long-standing fans dominate the discourse and because the show’s depictions of teenage life-worlds are expected to have high realistic ambitions. Comments from fans reveal that much of their enjoyment of Skam Austin resided in expectations about specific ‘remade moments’. Such moments typically express a spirit of social resistance and are, if successful, celebrated as iconic. In the politicized American media climate of the day, ‘remade moments’ that particularly engaged fans focused on representation issues concerning gender and race, such as intersectional identities and awareness about sexual harassment.
EMOTIONAL COMMUNITIES
Authors: Peláez Rodríguez Diana Carolina
Published: July 2021

The concept of Emotional Communities has been a fruitful category for understandingthe collective action of grassroot organisations in Bogota, Colombia. We developed ourown approach of the concept thanks to the input from many authors who have used itas well as from our empirical findings in research. In this paper, we first introduce ourepistemological position on emotions and allow ourselves to contribute the concept ofcorpo-emotional processes to the debate; Second, we concentrate on a discussionabout emotional communities and the most relevant perspectives nurturing our ownconceptualisation, which we offer lastly as another contribution to the field ofSociocultural Studies of Emotions.
A comprehensive comparison between COVID-19 vaccines: a review
Authors: Ng Chi Wai , Liang Shiyi , Li Yuke
Published: July 2021

COVID-19 started in December 2019 in Wuhan and spread worldwide. The cause of COVID-19 is the newly discovered coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Until now, this pandemic is affecting almost every country in the world and over 100 million cases were confirmed. It is expected that vaccination could be a beneficial way to control and protect against COVID-19. This review aimed to compare 4 platforms of COVID-19 vaccines and used recently developed vaccines candidates as examples to illustrate. Safety, efficacy, scaling, cost, and adaptation to the mutated virus were included. Theoretical and clinical vaccine research results were used and we attempted to conclude the advantage and disadvantage of each candidate platform. Countries should choose an appropriate vaccine for their people and satisfy the demand for vaccines.
Nurse knowledge about potentially inappropriate medications for elderly
Authors: Garcia Soares Gabriela , Buso Ana Luisa Zanardo , Malaquias Bruna Stephanie Sousa , Silva Rodrigo Rodrigues , Soares Juliana Maria , Santos Álvaro Silva
Published: July 2021

Due to the consequences of changes in fertility and mortality rates, there is an increase in population aging. In this context, the use of potentially inappropriate medications in this population makes nurses important agents in the identification of adverse reactions, requiring their knowledge about these drugs and their effects. The study aimed to verify nurses knowledge about the 2015 AGS BeersCriteria, regarding the potentially inappropriate medications for the elderly, and their adverse effects. It is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study with a quantitative and qualitative approach performed in a teaching hospital in the Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais. Of the 80 professionals, 74.1% reported attending the elderly frequently, and only 3.8% had a specialization course in elderly health. Only 13.8% reported knowing the Beers Criteria. And 69% believe that adverse drug reactions can be confused as a new symptom and because of this, new drugs can be inserted into the therapeutic plan. Three categories emerged: The importance of assertive knowledge about PIMs, The nurse as a fundamental character in ADR, and Knowledge as a reinforcer of care. There is evidence of the need to train nurses to better identify adverse drug reactions so that they can act on these events avoiding the worsening of the individual.
China: Imperialism or Semi-Periphery?
Authors: Li Minqi
Published: July 2021

Whether China has become an imperialist country is a question of crucial importance for the global class struggle. Although China has developed an exploitative relationship with South Asia, Africa, and other raw material exporters, on the whole, China continues to transfer a greater amount of surplus value to the core countries in the capitalist world system than it receives from the periphery. China is thus best described as a semi-peripheral country in the capitalist world system.
PROJETOS INTEGRADOS DIGITAIS DE ENGENHARIA DE PRODUÇÃO UM EXPERIMENTO EM MEIO À PANDEMIA DA COVID-19
Authors: Oliveira Renata
Published: July 2021

Este relato é referente ao desenvolvimento de Projetos Integrados de Engenharia de Produção em meio à Pandemia da COVID-19. Os projetos foram integralmente desenvolvidos em meio digital, incluindo aulas baseadas no uso combinado de metodologias de ensino inovadoras (e.g., Design Thinking e Storytelling). Reporta-se aqui a experiência de sucesso realizada no contexto do curso de graduação em Engenharia de Produção da Universidade do Estado do Pará (UEPA) em 2020. A iniciativa denominada “Projetos Integrados Digitais” foi desenvolvida com acadêmicos do 8º semestre do curso e integrou conteúdos associados à tomada de decisão, metodologias científicas qualitativas, logística e planejamento urbano. Além disso, os alunos tiveram sessões especiais de treinamento em storytelling e técnicas de comunicação digital. Os resultados, percepções e limitações encontradas pelos estudantes foram registrados em vídeo ao longo de um ano, parte dos quais são reportados neste capítulo. Ao final deste relato discutem-se oportunidades de desenvolvimentos futuros no âmbito do ensino digital.
The Effects of Simplified Manual Sign 「SON-DAM」 Instruction on the communication of adolescents with developmental disabilities
Authors: Choi Jaeyeon , Park Eunhye ,   Korean Society of Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Published: July 2021

Background and Objective: This study examined the effect on communication behavior by teaching the simplified manual sign 「SON-DAM」 for adolescents with developmental disabilities with communication difficulties. Method: This study used a pretest-posttest group design. The 「SON-DAM」 instruction consisted of basic education on 「SON-DAM」, collaborative vocabulary selection, intervention within class, AAC partner training, and environmental arrangement. Mann-Whitney U was conducted to examine the effect of 「SON-DAM」 instruction. Results: The experimental group showed statistically significant increase in the frequency of communication behavior. Further analysis by forms of communication behavior showed increased frequencies in verbal communication and gestures in the experimental group. Conclusion: 「SON-DAM」 instruction within class was found to be effective in improving communication of adolescents with developmental disabilities. Implications of the result of this study was discussed in relation to the possibility of simplified manual sign 「SON-DAM」 as a communication method for adolescents with developmental disabilities.
Plato, the Eristics, and the Principle of Non-Contradiction
Authors: Campbell Ian J.
Published: July 2021

This paper considers the use that Plato makes of the Principle of Non-Contradiction (PNC) in his engagements with eristic refutations. By examining Plato’s use of the principle in his most detailed engagements with eristic—in the Sophist, the discussion of “agonistic” argumentation in the Theaetetus, and especially the Euthydemus—I aim to show that the pressure exerted on Plato by eristic refutations played a crucial role in his development of the PNC, and that the principle provided him with a much more sophisticated means of demarcating philosophical argumentation from eristic than he is generally thought to have. In particular, I argue that Plato’s qualified formulation of the PNC restricts the class of genuine contradictions in such a way that reveals the contradictions that eristics produce through their refutations to be merely apparent and that Plato consistently appeals to his qualified conception of genuine contradiction in his encounters with eristics in order to demonstrate that their refutations are merely apparent. The paper concludes by suggesting that the conception of genuine contradiction afforded by the PNC did not just provide Plato with a way of demarcating genuine from eristic refutations, but also with an answer to substantive philosophical challenges that eristics raised through their refutations.