bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An In-depth Analysis of the Effects of Preheating Three Different Composite Resin Systems at Two Different Temperatures on Their Microhardness
Authors: Bhopatkar Jay , Ikhar Anuja , Nikhade Pradnya , Chandak Manoj , Agrawal Paridhi
Published: December 2023

Background:

Composite restorations often have inferior physical properties compared to natural enamel and dentin, leading to early failure. Preheating the traditional composite before its placement and curing seems to enhance all its physical characteristics magically. The objective of the current research was to assess the impact of preheating on the surface microhardness of commonly used composite resin materials, specifically FILTEK P60, FILTEK Z250XT, and Tetric-N-Ceram Bulk fill.

Materials and Methods:

The resin composite tubes were either left at the ambient room temperature (24°C ± 1°C) or preheated in a commercial preheating device to 50°C and 60°C for 40 min. By inserting uncured preheated composite resin into class II Mseio-Occluso-Distal (MOD) cavities with specifications of 2 ± 0.3 mm axial height, 2 ± 0.3 mm pulpal depth, parallel proximal walls with a 3 ± 0.3 mm buccolingual width, 1.5 ± 0.3 mm gingival width, and an occlusal isthmus width equal to one-third of the intercuspal distance from composite resin tubes, a total of 99 class II MOD cavities on premolars were established. Each specimen’s Vicker’s hardness number (VHN) was determined. The gathered information was examined utilizing a two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test with a significance threshold of 0.05.

Results:

When preheated to the temperatures of 50°C and 60°C, a remarkable rise in the mean Vickers hardness numbers (VHNs) of all the resin composites compared to those maintained at the room temperature (P < 0.05) was seen. The mean VHNs at the room temperature for FILTEK P60, FILTEK Z250XT, and Tetric-N-Ceram were 47.27 ± 9.08, 59.63 ± 1.56, and 75.69 ± 0.80, respectively, with a significant variation between all of them (P < 0.05). The mean VHNs were, respectively, 108.45 ± 2.42, 103.45 ± 1.29, and 113.00 ± 4.35 at 50°C, with a significant variation between them all. At 60°C, the mean VHNs were, respectively, 121.09 ± 1.30, 128.00 ± 0.89, and 135.00 ± 2.04, with a significant variation between all of them (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The surface microhardness of all investigated composite resins was greatly increased by preheating, with Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill showing the greatest value at a preheating temperature of 60°C.
Tissue Engineering in Maxillofacial Region from Past to Present
Authors: Beri Arushi , Pisulkar Sweta Kale , Bansod Akansha Vilas , Shrivastava Akshay , Jain Ritul
Published: December 2023

Tissue engineering is a branch of regenerative medicine that is frequently regarded as the most cutting-edge medical and surgical technology accessible today. Tissue engineering is used to repair or replace tissue damage caused by disease, injury, or surgery. Stem cells, signaling molecules, and scaffolds must be synthesized and integrated to create organs that imitate the tissues they replace. Tissue engineering in plastic surgery reduces the extent of surgical defects by incorporating mesenchymal tissue or bio-artificial body tissue, which can replace damaged tissue in the body without the need for subsequent intervention. With the introduction of three-dimensional printers for scaffold models and current tissue engineering technology to restore muscles, bones, and cartilage in the lab, tissue engineering is no longer limited to cells and tissues. Although these methods appear to be beneficial, their use is limited to large tissue development, which might cause significant problems. The purpose of this review is to inform readers on the current state of tissue engineering and reconstruction, as well as its limitations and future prospects.
Association of Tooth Loss Dementia and Cognitive Decline among the Older Adults of the West Godavari District – A Questionnaire Study
Authors: Paspuleti Swetha , Ponukupati Yasaswi , Ramesh K. S. V. , Manyam Ravikanth , Birajdar Smita , Salwaji Surpaja
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

Teeth loss is a confounding factor that may have an impact on the early stages of dementia. It affects the nutritive, cognitive, and psychological aspects of the individual, which are getting major concerns, especially in older dwelling communities. Tooth loss, age, and systemic diseases have a complex relationship which has a considerable role in getting mild forms of dementia.

Aims and Objectives:

The aim is to find the most prevailing factors in the West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh state in association with tooth loss, dementia, and cognitive decline among the older dwelling community by using questionnaires concerning their nutritive, cognitive, and psychological aspects.

Materials and Methods:

A structured self-administered questionnaire was used modified versions of Mini Nutritional Assessment, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) to collect the nutritive, cognitive, and psychological aspects of tooth loss and distributed to 300 people Microsoft Excel (Microsoft) was used for data processing and data chart generation. International Business Machines (IBM) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0 (IBM Corp) was used to analyze the data.

Results:

The total study had an equal male-to-female ratio. Periodontal problems (72%), diabetes (15%), and caries (13%) were the most opted reason for tooth loss. Individuals who lost teeth more than 5 years ago showed considerable effects of malnourishment (7.1250 ± 1.68767), risk of cognitive decline (13.6452 ± 3.26890), and depression (6.1944 ± 1.90967). Individuals with systemic diseases, especially diabetes and hypertension, had shown severe signs of cognitive decline above the normal limits.

Conclusion:

This study found a link between reduced cognitive function and edentulism. To address the rising issue of dementia and cognitive impairment in our society, this study aims to highlight the value of proper dental cleanliness and care as one potential preventive approach, among many others. Alzheimer’s disease and cognitive decline are both made more likely by periodontal disease. Furthermore, this study found a significant prevalence of depression in older people, and it was associated with experiencing dry mouth during both MMSE and GDS assessments and tooth loss between assessments.
Management of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis with a Novel Herbal Approach: Case Series
Authors: Khasbage Suwarna Dangore , Tijare Dhanashri
Published: December 2023

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a quite common condition among the patients reporting to a dental clinic. As the etiology is multifactorial, the main focus of treatment modalities is toward the symptomatic relief and decrease in the duration of ulcer. A number of treatment options are available including synthetic medicines. However, it is well known that synthetic medicines are often associated with a number of side effects. The nature has provided enough substitutes for such chemicals in plants which possess abundant pharmacological properties. A number of herbs have been reported to have ulcer-healing properties. Among these, Jasminum grandiflorum is the one having a variety of therapeutic qualities, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, wound healing, and anti-acne capabilities. Taking advantage of all these properties, the present article describes the therapeutic utility of J. grandiflorum in three cases of RAS which are successfully treated by a novel herbal approach either J. grandiflorum alone or with honey.
A Review on Topical Management of Melasma
Authors: Singh Riddhima , Maheshwari Praveen , Madke Bhushan
Published: December 2023

An upsurge in the cosmetics industry’s interest in finding new topical formulations for melasma management can be seen in recent years. We conducted a review of these agents along with their mechanism of action, safety profile, and strength of evidence. We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on topical agents for the treatment of melasma on October 17th, 2022, using the PRISMA guidelines. After the screening, we identified 56 original RCTs using hydroquinone (HQ) (liposomal delivered), azelaic acid, cysteamine, epidermal growth factor, lignin peroxidase, ascorbic acid, dioic acid, ellagic acid and arbutin, flutamide, triple-combination therapy, tranexamic acid (TXA), 4-n-butylresorcinol, glycolic acid, kojic acid, zinc sulfate, niacinamide, and natural agents such as Rumex occidentalis, Aloe vera, parsley, and mulberry extract were used for melasma. Triple-combination therapy continues to be the gold standard of care. Topical cysteamine and TXA are newer options that can be incorporated as adjuvant and maintenance treatment into a patient’s regimen. Newer formulations including natural agents have little or no known severe adverse effects. Evidence comparing other topical adjuvant treatments to HQ maintains its gold standard status.
Misoprostol versus Suction Evacuation in the Management of Patients with Incomplete Abortion: A Scoping Review
Authors: Sakharwade Rashmi , Bhalerao Anuja , Joshi Sulabha , Bhalerao Krutika
Published: December 2023

Suction and evacuation may not always be a viable option when treating partial abortions, however medical management can be used in some cases. Hence, oral misoprostol is a good option, provided that women have access to information, skilled care, and follow-up. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of misoprostol with respect to Manual vacuum aspiration in the management of patients with incomplete abortion. To find pertinent research articles and gray literature on the topic, a scoping review using searches was conducted using the JBI Three-Step Approach. Ten papers from 2010 to 2022 were found in the PubMed and Embase databases. Data compiled from several earlier studies reveals that misoprostol is equally effective as suction and evacuation with, overall satisfaction with misoprostol is equal to that of suction and evacuation, but has demonstrated higher side effects. Its accessibility has also helped women from undergoing abortions by illegal and septic means. The scoping review’s conclusion is that oral misoprostol is a viable approach for managing incomplete abortions. There is a requirement for numerous researchers to carry out in rural and urban areas. Medical methods can avoid surgery and surgery-related danger, and the cost of management can be decreased.
Management of a Complicated Crown-root Fracture in Maxillary Anterior Teeth through a Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: Hasija Mukesh Kumar , Tamrakar Amit Kumar , Meena Babita , Mallick Rizwana
Published: December 2023

The treatment of dental traumas, particularly complicated crown-root fractures, can be intricate and necessitate a precise diagnostic and treatment plan. The optimal treatment strategy depends on factors such as the severity of the fracture, the tooth’s position, and the patient’s dental health. It is essential to consider the benefits and drawbacks of each option carefully and select the most appropriate treatment based on the patient’s individual needs and circumstances. Keeping in mind the best conservative approach, the chosen treatment for the current case, which involved a complicated fracture of the crown and root of a central incisor as seen in cone-beam computed tomography images, involved an orthodontic extrusion followed by placement of a permanent crown.
Is parental rating of child’s oral health associated with caries experience in children? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Hakeem Faisal F , Hammudah Hassan A , Masoudi Abdulmajid A , Habeeb Abdulsamad T , Aljohani Rola M , Almutairi Shahad N
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aim:

The Parents’ view to the oral health of their children is a significant factor that can impact oral health practices and behaviors. The aim of this research was to investigate how parental assessment of their child’s oral health associates with caries experience in children receiving dental treatment at the hospital of Taibah University Dental College.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study enrolled 127 children who underwent dental treatment at Taibah University Dental College and Hospital during 2020-2021. Dental caries experience was assessed using the dmft/DMFT index, and parental rating of oral health was obtained through a questionnaire. Three logistic regression models were used to assess the correlation between dental caries experience and parental rating of oral health while controlling for sociodemographic and behavioral factors.

Results:

Most parents rated the oral health of their child as good (60.4%), followed by excellent (18.8%) and very good (15.6%). The mean dmft/DMFT score was 3.47 ± 3.46, with 43.8% of children having high/very high dental caries experience. Logistic regression analysis showed that children whose parents rated their oral health as poor were more likely to have high/very high dental caries experience compared to those rated as excellent/very good/good/fair (adjusted odds ratio = 4.45, 95% confidence interval 1.23-16.07).

Conclusion:

This study suggests a link between parental assessment of their child’s oral health and an elevated prevalence of dental caries in children. The study found that children whose parents rated their oral health as suboptimal had higher odds of having high dental caries experience. These findings emphasize the significance of parental perception of their child’s oral health and suggest a necessity for customized interventions to enhance parental knowledge and practices concerning children’s oral health.
A randomized cross-over trial of behavior guidance techniques on children with special needs during dental treatment: The caregivers’ perceived mannerisms
Authors: Ismail Norsaima , Isa Khairil Anuar Md , Hamzah Siti Hajar , Mokhtar Ilham Wan
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aim:

To compare caregivers’ acceptance, consent, and concern toward utilization of a combination of basic behavior guidance technique (CBBGT) and Papoose Board (PB) for their special needs children and to evaluate the impact of PB usage on the caregiver’s attitude and the association between their education level, monthly household income, and previous dental experience.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-over study incorporated 90 special needs children who were recruited to receive dental treatment with two ways of behavior guidance exposures consecutively in the order of A-B/B-A design. Exposure A is CBBGT (distraction, tell-show-do, and positive reinforcement), while Exposure B is PB. The dental procedures were either dental prophylaxis or restoration with a handpiece. Caregivers need to answer a paper-based questionnaire before and after exposure. The Wilcoxon sign rank test and logistic regression were utilized in order to establish the comparability, impacts, and association.

Result:

About 88 caregivers of special needs children aged between 2 and 15 years completed the sequence. Overall, 98.9% of the children presented with neurodevelopmental disorders. Twenty-seven caregivers were significantly concerned when the combination of basic BGT was applied to their children, and 14 caregivers felt the same for PB. However, the Wilcoxon sign rank test revealed insignificant caregiver scores on acceptance and consent for both methods but significantly improved attitudes towards the use of PB after observing the placement of their children.

Conclusion:

The studied caregiver demonstrated equivalent acceptance, consent, and concern toward the use of PB and a combination of basic BGT with improved attitudes after comprehensive explanation and real-time observation of PB usage during their children’s dental treatment.
Association of Endogenous Hormones and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: García-Alfaro Pascual , García Sandra , Rodriguez Ignacio , Pascual Maria Angela , Pérez-López Faustino R.
Published: December 2023

Aim:

The aim of this study was to examine the association between endogenous hormones and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women.

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study of 798 postmenopausal women aged 47–85 years. Data were collected on age, age at menopause, years since menopause, smoking status, body mass index, adiposity, BMD, physical activity, and Vitamin D supplementation. Measured hormonal parameters were: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, ∆4-androstenedione, cortisol, insulin-like growth factor-1, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and parathormone (PTH) levels. BMD was measured at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. A directed acyclic graph was used to select potential confounding variables.

Results:

Multivariable analysis showed significant associations between cortisol and femoral neck BMD (β: −0.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.03–−0.00), and PTH with femoral neck BMD (β: −0.01, 95% CI: −0.02–−0.01) and total hip BMD (β: −0.01, 95% CI: −0.01–−0.00). Hormonal factors more likely associated with a higher risk of low BMD (osteopenia or osteoporosis) were FSH (odds ratio [OR]: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01–1.03) and PTH (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01–1.04).

Conclusions:

Higher cortisol and PTH levels were inversely associated with BMD. Postmenopausal women with higher FSH or PTH levels were likely to have low BMD.
Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells by Cell Block Technique in Malignant Tumors
Authors: Vijay Jahnvi , Kumar B Deepak , Murthy V Srinivasa
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and is a major cause of morbidity. To deal with this magnitude of cancers and their diagnostic and prognostics, a multitude of prognostic biomarkers for various cancers have been explored over the decades, with detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood being one of them. This study was undertaken to explore the routine procedure of cell block in the cytopathology lab to isolate and detect CTCs.

Materials and Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, 112 peripheral blood samples sent for routine blood investigations of various cancer patients were utilized for the preparation of cell block. The sections from the cell block were stained routinely and evaluated for the presence of CTCs. The statistical analysis was done using Mac Statplus software version 8.0.

Results:

The malignancies were tabulated as per the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, third edition (ICD-O-3). The maximum number of cases were from C 50 (breast) - 41/112 (36.6%), followed by C15–C26 (Digestive organs) - 19/112 (16.9%), and C00–C14 (lip, oral cavity, and pharynx) - 18/112 (16.07%) cases. CTC was detected in six (5.35%) out of 112 cases, out of which three were from the breast and one each from category C6.9 (mouth), C32.0 (glottis), and C53.8 (cervix uteri).

Conclusion:

Among various advanced and molecular techniques available for the detection of CTCs, the cell block technique proves to be one of the effective methods, especially in resource-limited settings as these can further be utilized for additional diagnostic techniques similar to the ones employed for routine paraffin blocks.
Value of Imprint Cytology for the Rapid Diagnosis of Mucormycosis in the COVID-19 Pandemic Setting – A Pilot Study
Authors: Menon Varna , Al Salami Ahmed , Al Balushi Maryam , Israr Faisal , Al Balushi Noora , Al Anboori Sheikha
Published: December 2023

Background:

The second wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic recorded a surge in rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) infection in COVID-19-positive patients with diabetes and on concomitant steroid therapy. The rapidly progressive and devastating nature of the disease necessitated prompt diagnosis and early intervention to improve patient outcomes. Histopathology and fungal culture remain essential tools; however, these investigations have long and variable turn-around times (TATs) and may delay the initiation of treatment. Frozen section is not widely available and should be avoided in COVID-19-positive cases due to the risk of aerosol production and droplet exposure. In cases with high clinicoradiologic suspicion for mucormycosis, imprint cytologic evaluation provides a rapid diagnosis. Familiarity with fungal cytomorphology, awareness of morphologic pitfalls, and implementation of a standardized reporting format aid in diagnostic accuracy.

Method:

Eighteen COVID-19-positive patients, who were admitted to our hospital with clinical suspicion of mucormycosis during June and July 2021, were included in the study. We used nasal or oral imprint cytology for the initial, rapid detection of Mucor. Cytology findings were correlated with histopathology and fungal culture results. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated.

Results:

The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 100%, 100%, 100% and 100%, respectively.

Conclusion:

This study showed that imprint cytology can be a rapid, cost-effective, first-line diagnostic modality in Mucor diagnosis.
Assessment of diet diversity among working women in Mumbai and its association with diabetes risk as determined by the Indian diabetes risk score: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Choudhary Sthuti , Ramesh Anuradha , Nigudkar Madhuri
Published: December 2023

Aims and Objective:

Diet diversity is defined as the number of food groups consumed over a reference period and the effect of diet diversity on diabetes risk is controversial in different populations. The purpose of this study was to determine an association between diet diversity and diabetes risk and identify a trend among working women in Mumbai.

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study conducted among working women in Mumbai. Working women of the age 21‐50 years were eligible for participation. A self-designed questionnaire with four sections of questions on socio-demographic, anthropometric, diabetes risk determination by Indian Diabetes Risk Score and dietary data where diet diversity was determined using Modified Women’s Diet Diversity Score (MWDDS) was administered.

Results:

Two hundred and one working women participated and it was found that the mean diabetes risk score was 47.9 ± 18.3 with 89.5% of the population having a moderate to high risk. The mean diet diversity score was 4.2% and 94.5% of the population had a low to moderate diet diversity score. As the diet diversity increases, on the one hand the percentage of people having a high risk (31.1%, 36.6%, 45.5%) of diabetes also increases but on the other hand the percentage of those having a low risk (13.3%, 10.3%, 0%) of diabetes decreases, but this is not statistically significant (P 0.711).

Conclusion:

There was no significant association between diet diversity and diabetes risk; however, a significant positive association was seen between energy and nutrient consumption and diabetes risk, as well as between diet diversity and energy and nutrient consumption.
A qualitative study on perceptions and practices of diabetes prevention and management in rural south India
Authors: Lakshmi Natarajan , Anjana Ranjit Mohan , Rhodes Elizabeth C , Nora Vigasini , Rakesh Hari , Palmer Colin N A , Mohan Viswanathan , Pradeepa Rajendra
Published: December 2023

Aims:

The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions and practices of diabetes management through focus group discussions (FGDs) among adults with diabetes in rural Tamil Nadu.

Materials and Methods:

A qualitative study was conducted among individuals with diabetes who were part of the Telemedicine pRoject for screENing Diabetes and its complications in rural Tamil Nadu (TREND). A total of 16 FGDs were conducted using a semi-structured FGD guide that elicited perceptions of the different aspects of diabetes management and knowledge about diabetes prevention. The sample size was based on the attainment of thematic saturation. All FGDs were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The textual data was then coded into meaning units and grouped into themes. Data were analyzed using NVIVO software version 10.0.

Results:

There were varied responses with respect to diet, medication adherence, regularity of follow-up, knowledge about diabetes, and diabetes prevention. Most participants had limited knowledge of the disease and did not have regular hospital visits. Several participants were unable to adhere to the diet prescribed by healthcare providers, as they lived alone or were dependent on someone in the family for dietary needs. Most participants were unaware that diabetes could be prevented. Some participants were interested in serving as “Diabetes ambassadors” to educate rural societies about diabetes.

Conclusions:

Understanding the perceptions and practices about diabetes management and prevention strategies could help primary healthcare workers effectively treat, manage, and prevent diabetes in underserved rural populations.
Role of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection in etiopathogenesis of type 1 diabetes: A review of population-based studies
Authors: Gautam Ashish , Singh Shoor Vir , Gupta Saurabh , Pursnani Nikhil , Agrawal Prabhat
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

Multiple mechanisms were proposed for the etiopathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). An interplay between genetic, environmental, and immunological factors leads to generate autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, intracellular adhesion (ICA)-512, and insulin autoantibodies (IAA) proteins of beta cells. Molecular mimicry is the best proposed mechanism of the above, but yet needs much solid evidence. Zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) and proinsulin (PI) proteins of beta cells act as epitopes for some partially recognized proteins (MAP3865c, MAP1, 4αgbp, and MAP2404c) of mycobacterium paratuberculosis (MAP) generating autoantibodies against them. Similarly, other protein molecular mimickers were also reported. This review collects the latest evidence for the environmental etiopathogenesis of T1DM pertaining to MAP at the background of the phenomenon of molecular mimicry, and it proposes more directions for research in the field.

Materials and Methods:

Using the keywords “MAP and T1DM,” “MAP and zoonotic diseases,” T1DM and Molecular mimicry” and “T1DM and epitopes” searches were conducted in PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar following PRISMA guidelines. This review related original articles and case reports were collected for the compilation of all proposed proteins having a tendency of molecular mimicry. This review includes 12 original articles and 17 case reports published till date.

Results:

A strong association was found in peptide pairs MAP3865c/ZnT8, 4αgbp/PI, and MAP2404c/PI between MAP and human beings.

Discussion:

Multiple MAP proteins show strong homology to human proteins generating antibodies against pancreatic beta cells. MAP exists in dairy products, posing a high risk of transmission to human beings. An uninterrupted but silent exposure of human beings to MAP could be an environmental trigger for T1DM.
Availability of different branded generic vildagliptin after off-patenting: An observation from India
Authors: Samajdar Shambo S , Mukherjee Shatavisa , Sarkar Sougata , Sen Sumalya , Tripathi Santanu Kumar , Joshi Shashank R
Published: December 2023

Background:

Branded generics offer comparable therapeutic benefits at a lower cost, making them essential in healthcare systems worldwide. Vildagliptin, a widely prescribed antidiabetic medication, is available in various branded generic forms. However, limited research has been conducted to assess the availability of these branded generics, particularly in a real-world setting.

Methods:

A cross-sectional observational study evaluated the availability of branded generics of vildagliptin over 3-month period post 6 months of off-patenting of vildagliptin. Additionally, the switching patterns among patients prescribed branded generic vildagliptin were investigated, shedding light on potential challenges and implications for patient care.

Results:

Each prescription for branded generic vildagliptin resulted in an average of 2.29 pharmacy visits, highlighting potential challenges in ensuring consistent availability of specific branded generics. Reflecting on switching patterns, due to the unavailability of the prescribed branded generic vildagliptin at the pharmacy store, 28% of patients switched to the innovator brand, 41% switched to other branded generics, and only 31% received the prescribed branded generic. These switching patterns suggest a significant proportion of patients who deviate from the initially prescribed branded generic, potentially impacting treatment adherence and outcomes.

Conclusion:

Strategies aimed at improving availability and promoting appropriate use of branded generics can enhance the overall quality of care for patients requiring vildagliptin treatment. Further research and interventions should be undertaken to improve coordination between healthcare providers, pharmaceutical companies, and pharmacy stores, aiming to enhance the availability and accessibility of affordable generics without compromising patient care.
Efficacy of preoperative melatonin versus pregabalin on intraoperative anxiolysis and sedation during hip arthroplasty under regional anesthesia
Authors: Mansour Mostafa Saieed , Soltan Amany Aly , Sedky Asmaa Mohamed
Published: December 2023

Background and objectives

Anesthesiology places a high priority on perioperative anxiety, pain, and its consequences and much research has been conducted to reduce or remove them. Postoperative sleep disruption is increased by postoperative pain. Also, sleep disruption exacerbates postoperative pain.

In this clinical trial, we aim to explore the efficacy of melatonin and pregabalin on anxiolysis, sedation and postoperative pain in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia.

Material and methods

Patients were randomly assigned into three groups, each including 26 patients. group M patients received melatonin 10 mg, while group G patients received pregabalin 150 mg, and group C patients received 5 mg of melatonin plus 75 mg of pregabalin.

This study was started on January 2022 and completed in October 2022.

Results

VAS score reading is significant when comparing readings of group1& 2 and when comparing readings of groups 2 to group 3 but not significant at all when comparing groups 1 to 3 (VAS at last reading P1 0.005, P2 0.005 and at highest reading P1 0.00, P3 0.00).

Sedation score is not significant in the 3 groups when comparing 1st, the last, and highest reading.

Conclusion

When comparing pregabalin to melatonin for intraoperative sedation and postoperative sedation and analgesia, it was found that pregabalin has the upper hand for postoperative analgesia and both were equal effectiveness for sedation.
Tissue displacement assessment by ultrasound predicts peri-laryngeal leak after supraglottic device insertion (I-gel)
Authors: Kumar Amarjeet , Kumar Ajeet , Sinha Chandni , Kumari Poonam , Kumar Neeraj , Singh Prashant Kumar
Published: December 2023

Background and aims

Supraglottic airway devices (SADs) have revolutionized airway management during general anesthesia, and they fill the niche between the face mask and endotracheal tube in terms of both airway anatomy and degree of invasion. The aim of this study was assessment of peri-laryngeal leak after insertion of I- gel using ultrasound (US) pulse Doppler mode.

Methods

Hundred patients scheduled for elective surgery after I-gel placement were recruited. Airway leak pressure was detected by using closed circuit in anesthesia workstation and increasing the pressure to 20 mm Hg. Parameters were noted include, leak as observed in the monitor, leak as assessed using the US machine, fiberoptic visualization of the SAD and grading and end tidal CO2 (ETCO2).

Results

In ultrasound we have detected peri-laryngeal tissue displacement in 18 patients (18%) out of which 10 patients have grade 3 or 4 on fiberoptic examination (Fig. 2). Among these ten patients, eight patients have inadequate ventilation required reinsertion of I-gel.

Conclusion

Tissue displacement assessment by ultrasound can be used as a noninvasive alternative to predict leak following supraglottic device insertion (I-gel) placement with the added advantage of no interruption of ventilation.
A superiority study of the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided erector spinae plain block compared to serratus anterior plain block using bupivacaine-dexamethasone for modified radical mastectomy
Authors: Gad Mona , El-Sherbiny Sameh Mohamed , El-Bahnasawy Nahla Salama , Magdy Ahmed , Alseoudy Mahmoud Mohammed
Published: December 2023

Background

This trial compared the preemptive analgesic efficacy of erector spinae plain block (ESPB) and serratus anterior plain block (SAPB) for patients scheduled for modified radical mastectomy.

Methods

This randomized, controlled, double-blinded study embraced 40 patients aged 20 to 70 years undergoing modified radical mastectomy. Patients were randomly allocated into two equal groups: Group I (n=20): received SAPB, Group II (n=20): received ESPB. Both groups were injected with 30 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine and 8 mg dexamethasone. The time of the first analgesic request was the primary outcome measure while the secondary outcome measures were total fentanyl consumption (intraoperative and postoperative within 24 h), visual analogue scale (VAS) values within 24 h post-operatively at rest and ipsilateral arm movement and side effects related to the received blocks.

Results

This study illustrated that the median [interquartile range (IQR)] time of the first analgesic request was significantly longer in ESPB group [720(600–720) minute] than SAPB group [600(600–720) minute], P=0.04. The total median fentanyl consumption was significantly higher in SAPB group than ESPB group [0(40.000–80.000) vs. 0(0–0)], P=0.004 intraoperatively and [42.5(40–82.5) vs. 40(40–40)], P=0.005 post-operatively. VAS values at rest were significantly lower in ESPB group than SAPB group [immediate P=0.009, 2 h P=0.004, 6 h P=0.007, 12 h P=0.005, 24 h P=0.002] and values at ipsilateral arm abduction were significantly lower in ESPB group than SAPB [immediate P=0.004, 2 h P=0.02, 12 h P=0.009, 24 h P=0.023]. No side effects were detected in both groups.

Conclusion

ESPB provides superior analgesia to SAPB in patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy.
Efficacy of early enteral nutrition to enhance recovery after major abdominal surgeries in cancer patients
Authors: Elbardan Islam M. , Argawy Hussein Osama S. , ElRazek Abd-Rabih Assem A.
Published: December 2023

Background

Malnutrition is a significant prognostic factor in surgical cancer patients, especially when the malignancy is localized to the gastrointestinal tract.

Aim

The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of early enteral feeding on nutritional status and clinical outcomes in patients who had undergone abdominal surgery for cancer.

Patients and methods

Forty patients, ranging in age from 20 to 60 years, admitted to the postoperative surgical ICU underwent preoperative nutritional assessment and were followed daily from the morning of postoperative day 1 in the ICU until the evening of day 4 for the possibility of starting enteral nutrition safely. Participants were differentiated into early and late groups according to the time of establishment of enteral feeding. To compare early and late groups of the studied patients, clinical and laboratory nutritional markers and clinical outcomes were traced and statistically analyzed.

Results

Both groups had 12 (60%) males and eight (40%) females, with a mean±SD age of 43.6±8.15 years in the early group and 41.75±6.65 years in the late group. The early group had a substantially higher mean percentage BMI gain (2.50±0.35) than the late group (0.89±0.20). The early group had statistically higher serum prealbumin levels than the late group after 4 days. Early enteral feeding increased the prealbumin percentage by 25.37±5.93 compared with 15.93±1.98 in the late group. Early enteral feeding increased the total cholesterol levels. Early enteral feeding had a mean cholesterol percentage change of 32.04±6.74% compared with 17.23±4.23% in the late group. Early enteral nutrition patients spent 3.2±0.77 days in the ICU compared with 5.2±0.77 days for the late group. Patients in the early group had a considerably shorter hospital stay (6.8±1.51 days) than those in the late group (10.2±1.51 days). The incidence of superficial surgical infection was 40% in the late group compared with none in the early group, and the two groups differed statistically significantly.

Conclusion

The nutritional status of patients with cancer who undergo major abdominal surgery greatly benefits from beginning enteral feeding early. The incidence of surgical complications decreased, and hospital and ICU stays were shortened when enteral feeding was started early.
Pattern of utilization of dental services among Nigerian population in the University of Benin community: A prospective study
Authors: Ogbuji Oluchukwu Samuel , Edetanlen Ekaniyere Benlance
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

Underutilization of dental services is a global concern that is frequently reported in developing countries among different groups of subpopulations but it is unclear if the same have been studied among population in the university community.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to determine the pattern and barriers to the utilization of dental services among Nigerian population in the University of Benin.

Materials and Methods:

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted between October 2021 and January 2022 that involved all consecutive staff of the University of Benin, Benin City. The data were collected with an 18-item, structured, close-ended, self-administered questionnaire which was pretested for feasibility. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. Data were entered into a computer and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 (IBM, Chicago, USA).

Results and Discussion:

The age range was 25–55 years, with a mean age of 42.8 ± 8.8 years. There were more males (51.8%) than females. Higher (58.4%) proportions of the respondents claimed to have visited the dentist before this study compared to those who claimed never to have visited for any dental services. Long waiting time was ranked highest (27.1%) as the barrier to good utilization of dental services, and this was followed by high cost of treatment (21.1%), fear of dental treatments (12.8%), and poor staff–patient interaction (11.2%). Most (28.5%) of the respondents answered that a reduction in the cost of treatment can help to improve the utilization of dental services, and this was followed by adequate staff–patient interaction (25.3%) and procurements of hospital equipment (24.2%). More males significantly poorly utilized dental services compared to their female counterparts (P = 0.01). Furthermore, more Christians poorly utilized dental services compared to Muslims (P = 0.03).

Conclusion:

The prevalence of university staff with poor utilization of dental services is relatively high, and this was significantly more in males and among Muslims. Long waiting time and high cost of treatment were the most common barriers mitigating the optimal utilization of dental services.
Das Bild der tugendhaften Frau als Ehefrau und Mutter in ausgewählten lateinsprachigen Epithalamien und Epitaphien des 16. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Chrobot Agata , Pielas Jacek
Published: December 2023

A Virtuous Woman in the Renaissance

In this article, I analyze selected texts of epithalamia and epitaphs, on the basis of which we can conclude that it is no accident that male poets paid so much attention to women in these two genres. This is so because in wedding songs they needed a virtuous wife, and in funeral songs they had to prove that they had found one. In both types of works, the catalogue and the laudatio of female virtues are very similar. The difference is visible in the description of appearance, which in epitaphs is of secondary importance, because the body disintegrates after death, unlike the immortal soul. In the sixth epitaph to Elżbieta Szydłowiecka, Piotr Rojzjusz emphasizes the grace and beauty of the deceased, but puts them between two other virtues: kindness and holiness. All virtue lay at rest in the grave with this beautiful woman. The funeral laudatio coincides with the laudatio in wedding songs. The woman was to be the model of a good wife, a mother, and a Christian. The topos of the good wife required of her: good birth, love for her husband, piety, decency, honesty, modesty, unconditional obedience to her husband, and lack of a quarrelsome disposition (the epitaphs lack pulchra and pecuniosa). The topos of a good mother, however, includes giving birth and raising children. A good mother had to be pious, modest, and caring for her family and children. In each of these roles, the description of virtues is strongly prescriptive. A woman becomes a being programmed by nature and patriarchal society to fulfill the role of an obedient daughter, a virtuous wife, a caring mother, and a good housewife.
Cnotliwe Słowianki i knujące Niemki. Wzorzec dobrej żony i jej antyniemiecki kontekst w powieści historycznej Bracia Zmartwychwstańcy Józefa Ignacego Kraszewskiego
Authors: Harasimiuk Sebastian
Published: December 2023

Virtuous Slavic Women and Scheming German Ones: The Model of the Good Wife in Józef Kraszewski’s Bracia Zmartwychstańcy

Emnilda, the third wife of King Bolesław Chrobry, is presented in the work of Józef Ignacy Kraszewski as a woman who manifests in an exemplary fashion a set of character traits that are summed up by the expression “women’s virtues.” This article shows how the heroine of the novel implements this specific system of values. This takes place not only through her personal deeds, but is also highlighted thanks to the counter‑model of Chrobry’s next wife, Oda Meissen.

In Kraszewski’s approach, an interesting national context related to “women’s virtues” emerges. This pattern, based on Catholic values, is used by the writer to idealize the image of the Polish nation and its past, and, at the same time, to diminish the German nation, to show it as morally inferior. This is an obvious commentary on the attempts at Germanization then being undertaken by the Prussian government.

The concept of medievalism is used in the article, as the action of the novel takes place in the medieval era. This period has been referred to many times in similar types of narratives, because this era was considered the period of the creation of the Polish nation. It also underlines the alleged eternity of the Polish‑German or Slavic‑Germanic conflict. In addition, the construction of Emnilda’s character is inspired by the thirteenth‑century lives of the holy princesses of the Piast dynasty.
„Służyć Bogu, Ojczyźnie i Rodzinie”. Kobiety w faszystowskich Włoszech (1925–1940)
Authors: Molendowski Leszek
Published: December 2023

The article focuses on characterizing the ideological assumptions and policies of the fascist movement toward women, and, after 1922, those of the state governed by the National Fascist Party (PNF) and, above all, by Benito Mussolini. Women’s equality, among other things, was established in the initial period of fascism when its left wing was strong. Gradually over time as the movement came to power and especially after taking it in 1922, Il Duce and the party embraced conservative, nationalist social and economic policies that referred to the great Roman past in a desire to reconstruct the empire and increase the number of Italian citizens that would be newly formed Italian fascists. To achieve this goal, especially after 1925 when the totalitarian state and society was being built, the regime pursued a policy of the total control and subordination of women to the state and the system. Divorce, abortion, and the sale of contraceptives were banned, the “excessive education” of girls and the possibility of woman undertaking professional work were limited, while the roles of women in society as mothers, wives, and guardians of the “home” were promoted.
Dlaczego przekazy polskojęzyczne nie są ciekawe dla młodych przedstawicieli mniejszości polskiej w Litwie?
Authors: Chutnik Agata
Published: December 2023

Why is Polish-language media content not interesting for young representatives of the Polish minority in Lithuania? In this article, after briefly characterising the Polish minority in Lithuania, I describe the media that are available in the Polish language in Lithuania and then show why Polish-language media channels are not an attractive source of reference for young representatives of the Polish minority. At the same time, I explain the origin of young people’s aversion to ethnic media and what causes their exodus towards Lithuanian- and Russian-language media. In particular, I present cultural and historical reasons for the attractiveness of Russian-language media, which many young representatives choose as an alternative to Polish ethnic media. Finally, I reflect on the consequences of moving away from Polish-language media coverage and the future of the minority itself without it. I use narrative interviews conducted by me with young representatives of the Polish minority in Lithuania who came to Poland for educational purposes, mainly to study. Additional material also includes interviews with journalists working in minority media. I also use desk research analysis and a literature review.
Petrol Fiyatları ve Sektörel Değişkenlerin Havayolu Kârlılığına Etkisi
Authors: Taşçı Hazal , Oruç Erdoğan Eda , Sen Mehmet
Published: December 2023

Bu çalışmada havayolu firmalarının kârlılığını etkileyen faktörlerin araştırılması amacıyla petrol fiyatları ve sektörel değişkenler ile aktif kârlılığı arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. 2009-2019 yılları arası filo, kapasite ve çalışan sayısı bakımından en büyük 10 havayolu firmasının yıllık finansal verileri kullanılarak panel veri analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kârlılığın göstergesi olarak aktif kârlılığı (ROA) kullanılmış ve bağımsız değişkenler Brent petrol fiyatı, Gayrisafi Yurtiçi Hasıla ve yolcu doluluk oranı ile arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda literatürle uyumlu olarak; petrol fiyatlarının havayolu firmalarının kârlılığını anlamlı ve negatif yönlü etkilediği görülmüştür.
The Epidemic of COVID-19 and the Persistence of MINT Stock Prices
Authors: Usman Nuruddeen , Okoronkwo Chinecherem Dionne
Published: December 2023

This paper analyzes the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) and stock price predictability for the economies of Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey (MINT) using the fractional integration method. The result negates the Efficient Market Hypothesis for Nigeria and Indonesia. However, there is a slight divergence in the level of shock persistence in the two stock markets. Additionally, the differencing parameter was relatively unstable during the COVID-19 period, suggesting that the pandemic has had an impact on the level of stock price persistence in MINT countries.
“Ni sumisas, ni obedientes, mujeres combatientes”. Gráfica, política e imaginario entre las creativas de Oaxaca, México
Authors: Valle Mejía Rocío Quislev
Published: December 2023

En Oaxaca, México diversos sectores de mujeres fundan sus movimientos políticos en la estética e imaginarios que construyen sobre sí mismas, desde sus horizontes culturales. Este texto analiza la construcción socio estética de la gráfica y su función política entre las creativas del colectivo Armarte, a partir de un imaginario denominado “mujer combativa”, plasmado en diversas obras gráficas y narrativas. Desde un enfoque etnográfico, se busca contribuir al estudio antropológico y estético de la gráfica femenina contemporánea, que permita ampliar la reflexión sobre las funciones políticas de la estética y los imaginarios.
LIBERALIZACIJA PRUŽANjA USLUGA ŽELEZNIČKOG PREVOZA U EVROPSKOJ UNIJI
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Šokinjov Stefan
Published: December 2023

To open national railways market for competition, an extensive sectoral law was created from 1991 to 2016. The most important measure in the process of liberalization was the obligation of infrastructure managers to allow access to national network without discrimination.