bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REASSESSING THE CHRONOLOGY OF TOPARÁ EMERGENCE AND PARACAS DECLINE ON THE PERUVIAN SOUTH COAST: A BAYESIAN APPROACH
Authors: Osborn Jo , Hundman Brittany , Weinberg Camille , Espino Huaman Richard
Published: August 2023

Through Bayesian analysis of new radiocarbon dates, this paper demonstrates that the Topará tradition did not emerge until after Paracas monumental sites were ritually closed in the Chincha Valley of the Peruvian south coast. These findings controvert a long-held hypothesis of Topará as a foreign tradition which intruded into the Paracas heartland and initiated the period of transformation known as the Paracas-Nasca transition. We present the first radiocarbon dates from Jahuay, the earliest accepted Topará site. These dates are compared with new analyses of published radiocarbon dates from three other sites associated with this transitional period: a Late Paracas politico-ceremonial site in the Chincha Valley, a Late Paracas settlement in the Palpa Valley in the Río Grande de Nasca Drainage, and an Initial Nasca site in the same valley. This work shows Paracas site closures began earlier than has previously been appreciated and demonstrates that the first appearance of the Topará ceramic style post-dates the onset of Paracas decline in the region’s northern valleys. This analysis represents a successful attempt to develop a radiocarbon-based chronology across a calibration plateau by incorporating stratigraphic data into a Bayesian model.
We Do Not Know the Population of Every Country in the World for the Past Two Thousand Years
Authors: Guinnane Timothy W.
Published: August 2023

Economists have reported results based on populations for every country in the world for the past two thousand years. The source, McEvedy and Jones’ Atlas of World Population History, includes many estimates that are little more than guesses and that do not reflect research since 1978. McEvedy and Jones often infer population sizes from their view of a particular economy, making their estimates poor proxies for economic growth. Their rounding means their measurement error is not “classical.” Some economists augment that error by disaggregating regions in unfounded ways. Econometric results that rest on McEvedy and Jones are unreliable.

“… we haven’t just pulled the figures out of the sky. Well, not often.”

—McEvedy and Jones (1978, p. 11)
Parameters optimization and trajectory planning of a novel 3-UPU parallel mechanism for ankle rehabilitation
Authors: Chen Xuechan , Guo Yu , Xin Chao , Ji Chaoyang , Fan Jianxun , Chen Ziming
Published: August 2023

Ankle rehabilitation robots are widely used due to nerve injuries and sports injuries leading to decreased mobility of the ankle joint. However, the motion of most ankle rehabilitation robots has distinctions with human ankle physiological structure. In order to achieve more accurate rehabilitation training of the ankle joint, this paper proposes a novel 3-UPU parallel rehabilitation mechanism. In a certain range, the mechanism can perform rotation around any axis within the midplane, which means that the mechanism can achieve non-fixed-point rotation around the instantaneous axis of the ankle joint. The mechanism has three degrees of freedom and can perform ankle pronation/supination and inversion/eversion movements. Taking into account the structural differences of different human bodies, the rotating axis of the mechanism can be adjusted in both height and angle. Then, the workspace of the mechanism was solved, and the size parameters of the mechanism are analyzed based on the characteristics of the size parameters of the mechanism and the motion range of the ankle. A genetic algorithm was employed to optimize the mechanism’s parameters. Next, the motion trajectory of the mechanism was planned, and the length change of the mechanism driving pair during the motion planning of the angle was obtained through kinematics simulation. Finally, experimental verification of the above rehabilitation training methods indicates that the mechanism meets the requirements of ankle rehabilitation.
Deadly mushrooms of the genus Galerina found in Antarctica colonized the continent as early as the Pleistocene
Authors: Garrido-Benavent Isaac , Blanchette Robert A. , De Los Ríos Asunción
Published: August 2023

Fungi are probably the most diverse group of eukaryotic organisms in the Antarctic continent and nearby archipelagos, and they dominate communities in either mild or harsh habitats. However, our knowledge of their global distribution ranges and the temporal origins of their Antarctic populations is rather limited or almost absent, especially for species that do not lichenize. We focused for the first time on elucidating the taxonomic identity and phylogenetic relationships of several Antarctic collections of the deadly fungal Basidiomycota genus Galerina. By using molecular sequence data from the universal fungal barcode and a dataset encompassing 178 specimens, the inferred phylogeny showed that the Antarctic specimens corresponded with the sub-cosmopolitan species Galerina marginata, Galerina badipes and Galerina fallax, and their most closely related intraspecific genetic lineages were from northern Europe and North America. We found that these species probably host Antarctic-endemic intraspecific lineages. Furthermore, our dating analyses indicated that their Antarctic populations originated in the Pleistocene, a temporal frame that agrees with that proposed for the Antarctic colonization of plants such as the grass Deschampsia antarctica, mosses and some amphitropical lichens. Altogether, these findings converge on the same temporal scenario for the assembly of the most conspicuous terrestrial Antarctic plant and fungal communities.
A nonconservative kinetic framework under the action of an external force field: Theoretical results with application inspired to ecology
Authors: Carbonaro Bruno , Menale Marco
Published: August 2023

The present paper deals with the kinetic-theoretic description of the evolution of systems consisting of many particles interacting not only with each other but also with the external world, so that the equation governing their evolution contains an additional term representing such interaction, called the ‘forcing term’. Firstly, the interactions between pairs of particles are both conservative and nonconservative; the latter represents, among others, birth/death rates. The ‘forcing term’ does not express a ‘classical’ force exerted by the external world on the particles, but a more general influence on the effects of mutual interactions of particles, for instance, climate changes, that increase or decrease the different agricultural productions at different times, thus altering the economic relationships between different subsystems, that in turn can be also perturbed by stock market fluctuations, sudden wars, periodic epidemics, and so on. Thus, the interest towards these problems moves the mathematical analysis of the effects of different kinds of forcing terms on solutions to equations governing the collective (that is statistical) behaviour of such nonconservative many-particle systems. In the present paper, we offer a study of the basic mathematical properties of such solutions, along with some numerical simulations to show the effects of forcing terms for a classical prey–predator model in ecology.
Quantification of Lightning‐Induced Electron Precipitation Events on Electron Fluxes in the Radiation Belts
Authors: Pailoor Nikhil , Cohen Morris , Richardson David , Harid Vijay , Gołkowski Mark
Published: August 2023

Lightning‐induced Electron Precipitation (LEP) is a known process of electron loss in the Earth's radiation belts. An LEP event progresses with Very Low Frequency (VLF) radio wave radiation from lightning, trans‐ionospheric propagation, and wave‐particle gyroresonance interaction with energetic radiation belt electrons. Pitch angle scattered electrons then precipitate onto the ionosphere, allowing detection using VLF remote sensing using high power transmitters. The relative importance of LEP events as a radiation belt electron lifetime driver has heretofore been unclear. We build off a massive database of LEP events observed within the continental US (CONUS) by a network of VLF receivers. For each observed LEP event, based on the characteristics of the ionospheric disturbance, we apply a suite of models to estimate the total number of precipitating electrons, which we can then sum up over all LEP events to quantify lightning's contribution within CONUS. We find that LEP events within CONUS appear to be capable of removing a substantial fraction (up to 0.1%–1%) of radiation belt electrons between 33 and 1,000 keV, and may have stronger contributions to radiation belt losses than earlier estimates.
A Method for Estimating Global Subgrid‐Scale Orographic Gravity‐Wave Temperature Perturbations in Chemistry‐Climate Models
Authors: Weimer M. , Wilka C. , Kinnison D. E. , Garcia R. R. , Bacmeister J. T. , Alexander M. J. , Dörnbrack A. , Solomon S.
Published: August 2023

Many chemical processes depend non‐linearly on temperature. Gravity‐wave‐induced temperature perturbations have been shown to affect atmospheric chemistry, but accounting for this process in chemistry‐climate models has been a challenge because many gravity waves have scales smaller than the typical model resolution. Here, we present a method to account for subgrid‐scale orographic gravity‐wave‐induced temperature perturbations on the global scale for the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model. Temperature perturbation amplitudes consistent with the model's subgrid‐scale gravity wave parameterization are derived and then used as a sinusoidal temperature perturbation in the model's chemistry solver. Because of limitations in the parameterization, we explore scaling of between 0.6 and 1 based on comparisons to altitude‐dependent distributions of satellite and reanalysis data, where we discuss uncertainties. We probe the impact on the chemistry from the grid‐point to global scales, and show that the parameterization is able to represent mountain wave events as reported by previous literature. The gravity waves for example, lead to increased surface area densities of stratospheric aerosols. This increases chlorine activation, with impacts on the associated chemical composition. We obtain large local changes in some chemical species (e.g., active chlorine, NOx, N2O5) which are likely to be important for comparisons to airborne or satellite observations, but the changes to ozone loss are more modest. This approach enables the chemistry‐climate modeling community to account for subgrid‐scale gravity wave temperature perturbations interactively, consistent with the internal parameterizations and are expected to yield more realistic interactions and better representation of the chemistry.
Effects of Cold Plasma on the Excitation of Internally Driven ULF Waves by Ring Current Ions Based On the Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere Coupled Model
Authors: Yamakawa Tomotsugu , Seki Kanako , Amano Takanobu , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Takahashi Naoko , Nakamizo Aoi , Yamamoto Kazuhiro
Published: August 2023

Internally driven Pc4‐5 waves are excited in the plasmaspheric drainage plume (PDP) and near the plasmapause. The excitation of ultralow frequency (ULF) waves was investigated by using the magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupled model between Geospace Environment Modeling System for Integrated Studies‐Ring Current (GEMSIS‐RC) and GEMSIS‐POTential solver (GEMSIS‐POT). In order to investigate the effects of cold plasma on the wave excitation, the simulation code to describe the dynamics of cold plasma was included in the model. The model can reproduce the shrink of the plasmasphere on the nightside and the formation of the PDP on the dayside. First, fundamental Pc5 waves are excited through the drift resonance on the dayside. The waves are caused by positive energy gradient of ion phase space density (PSD) at 50–130 keV. Second harmonic waves (drift‐bounce resonance) are generated outside the plasmapause. These two types of ULF waves are also seen in the case of constant density. Unlike the case of constant density, localized eastward propagating Pc4 waves (drift resonance) are seen on the dawnside associated with the azimuthal density gradient. The azimuthal wave number of Pc4 waves is about 70 and anti‐earthward gradient of PSD about 10 keV contributes to wave growth. We also detect fundamental Pc4‐5 waves near the plasmapause on the nightside in the drift resonance with 100–150 keV ions. Simulation results suggest that the plasmapause has an effect to sustain the excitation of Pc4‐5 ULF wave through the drift resonance.
Collective Behavior of Asperities Before Large Stick‐Slip Events
Authors: Shu Weiwei , Lengliné Olivier , Schmittbuhl Jean
Published: August 2023

The multi‐scale roughness of a fault interface is responsible for multiple asperities that establish a complex and discrete set of real contacts. Since asperities control the initiation and evolution of the fault slip, it is important to explore the intrinsic relationships between the collective behavior of local asperities and the frictional stability of the global fault. Here we propose a novel analog experimental approach, which allows us to capture the temporal evolution of the slip of each asperity on a faulting interface. We find that many destabilizing events at the local asperity scale occurred in the slip‐strengthening stage which is conventionally considered as the stable regime of a fault. We compute the interseismic coupling to evaluate the slipping behaviors of asperities during the slip‐strengthening stage. We evidence that the interseismic coupling can be affected by the elastic interactions between asperities through the embedding soft matrix. Scaling laws of natural slow slip events are reproduced by our setup in particular the moment‐duration scaling. We also evidence an unexpected persistency of a disordering of the asperities through the seismic cycles despite the relaxation effects of the large slip events.
Anthropogenic and environmental factors associated with koala deaths due to dog attacks and vehicle collisions in South-East Queensland, Australia, 2009–2013
Authors: Dissanayake Ravi Bandara , Stevenson Mark , Astudillo Viviana Gonzalez , Allavena Rachel , Henning Joerg
Published: August 2023

Populations of the iconic Australian koala are under constant decline. Their deaths are associated with rapid and extensive urbanization and the fragmentation of habitat areas. Using citizen science data on reported koala mortalities, we quantified the association between anthropogenic and environmental factors and the two leading causes of koala deaths, dog attacks and vehicle collisions. We achieved this objective using a case–control study design to compare the odds of exposure to a given risk factor for cases (a given cause of death) with the odds of exposure to a given risk factor for controls (all other causes of death). Koala deaths due to dog attacks were positively associated with registered dog population density and negatively associated with lot density whereas koala deaths due to vehicle collisions were positively associated with road density (road length per square kilometer) and negatively associated with human population density and distance to primary and secondary roads. The results of this research can be used to develop strategies to mitigate the risk of deaths due to dog attacks, for example by conducting educational awareness programs, promoting registration of dogs and discouraging free roaming of dogs. In a similar manner, in high-risk areas for vehicle collisions, over- or underpasses can be built to facilitate safe movement of koalas for road crossings or speed limits could be introduced to reduce the likelihood of premature koala deaths due to vehicle collisions.
Mendelian randomization analysis revealed potential metabolic causal factors for breast cancer
Authors: Zhou Mengshi , Henricks Mason , Loch Valerie , Zhang Gloria , Lu Yong , Li Xiaoyin
Published: August 2023

Observational studies showed that metabolic phenotypes were associated with the risk of developing breast cancer (BC). However, those results are inconsistent regarding the magnitude of the association, particularly by subtypes of breast cancer. Furthermore, the mechanisms of the association remain unclear. We performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to evaluate the causal effect of metabolic risk factors on breast cancer in the European population. Assessed individually using MR, body mass index (BMI) (odds ratio [OR] 0.94, 95% Confidence interval [CI] 0.90–0.98, P = 0.007), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.07–1.13, P = 6.10 × 10–11) and triglycerides (TG) (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.90–0.96, P = 1.58 × 10–6) were causally related to breast cancer risk. In multivariable MR, only HDL-C (OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.02–1.14; P = 0.02) retained a robust effect, suggesting that the genetic association between BMI, HDL-C and TG with breast cancer risk in univariable analysis was explained via HDL-C. These findings suggest a possible causal role of HDL-C in breast cancer etiology.
A feasibility study of applying two-dimensional photogrammetry for screening and monitoring of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in clinical practice
Authors: Zheng Qian , Xie Lingfeng , Xu Jiang , Xia Nan , Ma Christina Zong-Hao
Published: August 2023

Standing posteroanterior radiographs have been the golden standard to quantify the severity of scoliosis deformity. However, it exposes ionizing radiation to scoliosis patients, and cannot be used for routine screening and monitoring. This study aimed to develop a protocol of measuring postural indexes by using the noninvasive and radiation-free two-dimensional (2D) photogrammetry method and identify its clinical value in scoliosis screening and monitoring. The five postural indexes were measured from the posterior view of 110 participants. One-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey HSD/Games–Howell analysis was used to compare the differences between the participants in the scoliosis group and the non-scoliosis group. Pearson coefficients of correlation were analyzed to identify the relationships between Cobb angles and each of the five quantitative postural indexes. Based on 2D photogrammetry, the postural indexes of C7 deviation (p = 0.02), shoulder alignment (p < 0.001), scapula alignment (p < 0.001), waist angle discrepancy (p < 0.001), and PSIS alignment (p < 0.001) could significantly differentiate scoliosis and non-scoliosis patients during screening. The waist angle discrepancy (r = 0.4, p = 0.01; r = 0.8, p = 0.03; r = 0.7, p = 0.01) and shoulder alignment (r = 0.6, p = 0.03) had moderate to strong positive correlations with the Cobb angles, which supported their clinical values in monitoring scoliotic curvature changes of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients.
Beyond the effects of HIV infection and integrase inhibitors-based therapies on oral bacteriome
Authors: Villoslada-Blanco Pablo , Pérez-Matute Patricia , Recio-Fernández Emma , Íñiguez María , Blanco-Navarrete Pilar , Metola Luis , Ibarra Valvanera , Alba Jorge , de Toro María , Oteo José A.
Published: August 2023

Oral microbiome is the second largest microbial community in humans after gut. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection triggers an impairment of the immune system which could favour the growth and the colonization of pathogens in the oral cavity, and this dysbiosis has been associated with oral manifestations that worsen the quality of life of these patients. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) could also drive changes in specific oral bacterial taxa associated with such periodontal diseases. Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), therapy of choice in the treatment of naive HIV-patients, are able to reverse the impact of HIV infection on systemic inflammation, gut permeability, and gut bacterial diversity/richness. The objective of this study was to analyse the effects of HIV infection per se and INSTIs on salivary bacteriome composition, taking into consideration other factors such as smoking, that could also have a significant impact on oral microbiome. To accomplish this objective, 26 non-HIV-infected volunteers and 30 HIV-infected patients (15 naive and 15 under INSTIs-regimen) were recruited. Salivary samples were collected to measure lysozyme levels. Oral bacteriome composition was analysed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Naive HIV-infected patients showed statistically higher levels of lysozyme compared to controls (p < 0.001) and INSTIs-treated patients (p < 0.05). Our study was unable to detect differences in α nor β-diversity among the three groups analysed, although significant differences in the abundance of some bacterial taxonomical orders were detected (higher abundance in the phylum Pseudomonadota, in the order Acholeplasmatales, and in the genera Ezakiella and Acholeplasma in the naive group compared to controls; and higher abundance in the phylum Mycoplasmatota, in the order Acholeplasmatales, and in the genera Acholeplasma and uncultured Eubacteriaceae bacterium in the INTIs-treated HIV-infected patients compared to controls). These differences seem to be partially independent of smoking habit. HIV infection and INSTIs effects on oral microbiota seem not to be very potent, probably due to the modulation of other factors such as smoking and the greatest outward exposure of the oral cavity.
Fabrication of a uniform chromate conversion coating on Zn alloy for improved corrosion resistance in humid environments
Authors: Ha Seonghye , Eun Jakyung , Choi Changhoon , Cho Soohyoun , Jeon Sangmin
Published: August 2023

We developed a facile method to produce a uniform chromate conversion (CC) coating on zinc alloy-plated steel substrates (ZS). When an acidic CC solution is applied to ZS (C-ZS), zinc is dissolved and chromium ions are reduced to form a chromate coating. In localized areas where zinc is excessively dissolved, zinc hydroxide particles are formed, which hinders the formation of a uniform chromate film, leaving the areas vulnerable to further corrosion (i.e., the formation of dark spots) when exposed to high humidity conditions. To suppress the excessive dissolution of zinc, the ZS surface was pretreated with thiolated polyethylene oxide to form a hydrophilic self-assembled monolayer. A more uniform protective CC coating was obtained on the pretreated ZS, resulting in superior corrosion resistance under high humidity conditions.
Extracellular vesicle-mediated targeting strategies for long-term health benefits in gestational diabetes
Authors: Nair Soumyalekshmi , Ormazabal Valeska , Carrion Flavio , Handberg Aase , McIntyre H David , Salomon Carlos
Published: August 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are critical mediators of cell communication, playing important roles in regulating molecular cross-talk between different metabolic tissues and influencing insulin sensitivity in both healthy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) pregnancies. The ability of EVs to transfer molecular cargo between cells imbues them with potential as therapeutic agents. During pregnancy, the placenta assumes a vital role in metabolic regulation, with multiple mechanisms of placenta-mediated EV cross-talk serving as central components in GDM pathophysiology. This review focuses on the role of the placenta in the pathophysiology of GDM and explores the possibilities and prospects of targeting the placenta to address insulin resistance and placental dysfunction in GDM. Additionally, we propose the use of EVs as a novel method for targeted therapeutics in treating the dysfunctional placenta. The primary aim of this review is to comprehend the current status of EV targeting approaches and assess the potential application of these strategies in placental therapeutics, thereby delivering molecular cargo and improving maternal and fetal outcomes in GDM. We propose that EVs have the potential to revolutionize GDM management, offering hope for enhanced maternal–fetal health outcomes and more effective treatments.
Metallicity ceiling in quasars from recycled stellar winds
Authors: Cheng Shelley J. , Loeb Abraham
Published: August 2023

Context.Optically luminous quasars are metal rich across all redshifts. Surprisingly, there is no significant trend in the broad line region (BLR) metallicity with different star formation rates (SFR), and the average N V/C IV metallicity does not appear to exceed 9.5 Z⊙. Combined, these observations may suggest a metallicity ceiling.

Aims.Here, we conduct an exploratory study on scenarios relating to the evolution of embedded stars that may lead to a metallicity ceiling in quasar disks.

Methods.We developed a simple model that starts with gas in a “closed box,” which is enriched by cycles of stellar evolution until eventually newly formed stars may undergo significant mass loss before they reach the supernova stage and further enrichment is halted. Using theMESAcode, we created a grid over a parameter space of masses (> 8 M⊙) and metallicities (1 − 10 Z⊙), and located portions of the parameter space where mass loss via winds occurs on a timescale shorter than the lifetime of the stars.

Results.Based upon reasonable assumptions about stellar winds, we found that sufficiently massive (8 − 22 M⊙) and metal-rich (∼9 Z⊙) stars lose significant mass via winds and may no longer evolve to the supernovae stage, thereby failing to enrich and increase the metallicity of their surroundings. This suggests that a metallicity ceiling is the final state of a closed-box system of gas and stars.
Bewusstes Mitgefühl trainieren – Emotionale Stabilität in der Therapie
Authors: Hiebl Sarah , Wiedemann Florian
Published: August 2023

In der Zeit von Multikrisen sind Therapeuten nicht nur mit dem eigenen emotionalen Erleben und der Verarbeitung dieser Situationen konfrontiert. Klienten kommen mit diversen Anliegen in diesem Zusammenhang in die Therapie. Die Herausforderung besteht darin, auch in der Arbeit mit sehr starken Emotionen nicht mitzuleiden, sondern aus bewusstem Mitgefühl heraus zu handeln. Das erhöht die eigene emotionale Stabilität.
Motiviert und engagiert zusammenarbeiten – Mitarbeitenden-Engagement
Authors: Holtmeier Lisa
Published: August 2023

Im Human Ressource Management ist „Employee Engagement“ bereits ein echtes Trendthema, im Therapiewesen ist es noch nicht so weitverbreitet. Wenn sich Mitarbeitende entfalten, motiviert sind und sich zugehörig fühlen, profitieren sie nicht nur selbst davon, sondern auch die Praxis oder die Klinik. Denn Mitarbeitende mit einem hohen Maß an Engagement sind gesünder, produktiver und motivierter. Lassen Sie uns in diesem Artikel einen Ausflug in die Welt des Mitarbeitenden-Engagements machen.
Inferences of inverted gompertz parameters from an adaptive type-ii progressive hybrid censoring
Authors: Mohammed Heba S , Elshahhat Ahmed , Alotaibi Refah
Published: August 2023

A new two-parameter inverted Gompertz distribution with an upside-down bathtub-shaped failure rate is investigated in the presence of incomplete (censored) data. Reliability experimenters favor employing censoring strategies to collect data in order to strike a compromise between the time needed to complete the test, the required sample size, and the cost. Recently, an adaptive Type-II hybrid progressively censoring strategy has been proposed to improve the effectiveness of statistical inference. Therefore, using this strategy, this study explores the classical and Bayesian estimates of the inverted Gompertz distribution. The distribution parameters, reliability, and hazard functions are estimated using maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimation methods. On the presumption that the gamma priors are independent, symmetric and asymmetric loss functions are used to create the Bayesian estimation. The Markov chain Monte Carlo approach is used to collect samples from the entire conditional distributions and then acquire the Bayes estimates since the joint posterior distribution has a difficult shape. The highest posterior density and asymptotic confidence intervals are also obtained. Through simulated research, the efficacy of the various recommended strategies is contrasted. The best progressive censoring schemes are also shown, and various optimality criteria are investigated. Two real data sets, representing the lifetimes of mechanical components and the Boeing 720 jet airplane, are also looked at to show how the recommended point and interval estimators may be used. When the experimenter’s main concern is the number of failures, the results of the simulation research and data analysis showed that the proposed scheme is adaptive and highly useful in concluding the experiment.
A memristive chaotic system and its application in weak signal detection
Authors: Yan Shaohui , Song Jincai , Cui Yu , Li Lin , Wang Jianjian
Published: August 2023

In this paper, a novel four-dimensional memristive chaotic system is constructed by incorporating a memristor model into a three-dimensional chaotic system. Through the analysis of the Lyapunov exponent, bifurcation diagram, and Poincaré cross-section of the system, it has been observed that the system is capable of exhibiting a stable chaotic state, as well as complex dynamic behaviors, such as attractor coexistence, transient chaos, and offset boosting. To validate the actual existence of the system, a real circuit has been built based on Multisim simulation, and the numerical simulation results, along with the actual simulation results, are in agreement, thereby confirming the practical feasibility of the circuit. To achieve weak signal detection, a backstepping synchronization controller has been designed, which can detect the frequency and amplitude of unknown signals. It is obvious that this method does not require the determination of the critical threshold. Instead of, it relies on the system being in a chaotic state. The proposed detection method provides a new perspective for weak signal detection.
Spatial magnetization profile in spherical nanomagnets with surface anisotropy: Green's function approach
Authors: Adams M P , Michels A , Kachkachi H
Published: August 2023

We consider a single spherical nanomagnet and investigate the spatial magnetization profile

m

r

in the continuum approach, using the Green's function formalism. The energy of the (many-spin) nanomagnet comprises an isotropic exchange interaction, a uniaxial anisotropy in the core and Néel's surface anisotropy, and an external magnetic field. We derive a semi-analytical expression for the magnetization vector field

m

r

for an arbitrary position r within and on the boundary of the nanomagnet, as a solution of a homogeneous Helmholtz equation with inhomogeneous Neumann boundary conditions. In the absence of core anisotropy, we use the solution of this boundary problem and infer approximate analytical expressions for the components m

α
, α = x, y, z, as a function of the radial distance r and the direction solid angle. Then, we study the effects of the nanomagnet's size and surface anisotropy on the spatial behavior of the net magnetic moment. In the presence of a core anisotropy, an approximate analytical solution is only available for a position r located on the surface,i.e. r = R
n, where R is the radius of the nanomagnet and n the verse of the normal to the surface. This solution yields the maximum spin deviation as a result of the competition between the uniaxial core anisotropy and Néel's surface anisotropy. Along with these (semi-)analytical calculations, we have solved a system of coupled Landau–Lifshitz equations written for the atomic spins, and compared the results with the Green's function approach. For a plausible comparison with experiments, e.g. using the technique of small-angle magnetic neutron scattering, we have averaged over the direction solid angle and derived the spatial profile in terms of the distance r. We believe that the predictions of the present study could help to characterize and understand the effects of size and surface anisotropy on the magnetization configurations in nanomagnet assemblies such as arrays of well-spaced platelets.
A trium test on beyond ΛCDM triggering parameters
Authors: Sakr Z.
Published: August 2023

We performed a Bayesian study on three beyond ΛCDM phenomenological triggering parameters, the growth indexγ, the dark energy equation of state parameterωand the lensing deviation from the GR prediction parameter Σ, using the latest cosmological geometric, growth and lensing probes, all in a consistent implementation within the modified gravity cosmological solver code MGCLASS. We find, when we combined all our probes, i.e. the cosmic microwave background (CMB), the baryonic acoustic oscilation (BAO), the growth measurementsfσ8and the 3×2pt joint analysis of weak lensing and galaxy clustering in photometric redshift surveys, assuming flat space, constraints compatible with general relativity and ΛCDM withω= -1.025 ± 0.045, and Σ = 0.992 ± 0.022 at the 68% level, whileγ= 0.633±0.044 is still within ∼ 2σfrom the ΛCDM value ofγ∼ 0.55, and that when Σ is considered as constant; whileγℓ= -0.025 ±0.045 when the lensing parameter is parameterised as function of a lensing index, introduced for the first time in this work, as Σ(z) = Ωm(z)γℓ.
White dwarf mass-radius relation in theories beyond general relativity
Authors: Alam Khursid , Islam Tousif
Published: August 2023

We explore the internal structures of the white dwarfs in two different modified theories
of gravity: (i) scalar-tensor-vector gravity and (ii) beyond Horndeski theories of G
3 type. The
modification of the gravitational force inside the white dwarf results in the modification of the
mass and radius of the white dwarf. We use observational data from various astrophysical probes
including Gaia to test the validity of these two classes of modified theories of
gravity. We update the constraints on the parameters controlling the deviation from general
relativity (and Newtonian gravity in the weak field limit) as: 0.001 ≤ α for the
scalar-tensor-vector gravity and -0.079 ≤ γ ≤ 0.004 for the beyond Horndeski theories
of G
3 type. Finally, we demonstrate the selection effect of the astrophysical data on the tests
of the nature of gravity using white dwarf mass-radius relations specially in cases where the
number of data-points are not many.
EMT induces characteristic changes of Rho GTPases and downstream effectors with a mitosis-specific twist
Authors: Hosseini Kamran , Frenzel Annika , Fischer-Friedrich Elisabeth
Published: August 2023

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key cellular transformation for many physiological and pathological processes ranging from cancer over wound healing to embryogenesis. Changes in cell migration, cell morphology and cellular contractility were identified as hallmarks of EMT. These cellular properties are known to be tightly regulated by the actin cytoskeleton. EMT-induced changes of actin-cytoskeletal regulation were demonstrated by previous reports of changes of actin cortex mechanics in conjunction with modifications of cortex-associated f-actin and myosin. However, at the current state, the changes of upstream actomyosin signaling that lead to corresponding mechanical and compositional changes of the cortex are not well understood. In this work, we show in breast epithelial cancer cells MCF-7 that EMT results in characteristic changes of the cortical association of Rho-GTPases Rac1, RhoA and RhoC and downstream actin regulators cofilin, mDia1 and Arp2/3. In the light of our findings, we propose that EMT-induced changes in cortical mechanics rely on two hitherto unappreciated signaling paths—i) an interaction between Rac1 and RhoC and ii) an inhibitory effect of Arp2/3 activity on cortical association of myosin II.
Design Methodology of Off-Grid PV System
Authors: Mannan Abdul , Kirmani Sheeraz , Akhtar Iram
Published: August 2023

This paper develops a novel design methodology for the off-grid PV system by applying the demand- side management (DSM) approach. DSM strategy is used for the optimal distribution of electrical energy among the load. Various types of load are being categorized based on priority. In the case of a power shortage, the top-priority load will get a more reliable power supply. Moreover, energy shortage will get distributed among the loads. A programming model has been designed for a DSM-based off-grid PV system. Two cases have been considered. In the first case, the program is allowed to run under poor solar insolation conditions with DSM and in the second case, the off-grid system has been analyzed without DSM under poor insolation conditions. It is found that DSM based off-grid PV system is a better option as it supplies more reliable power as well as provides maximum customer comfort as compared to without a DSM-based off-grid PV system.
Design, implementation and performance assessment of a low-cost dual-axis solar tracker
Authors: Varshney Gunjan , Mittal Udit , Kishore MP , Saxena Ujjawal
Published: August 2023

As the demand for energy increases and the cost of non-renewable resources continues to rise, many nations are working to find alternative sources of electricity before a crisis arises. This effort is focused on transitioning away from conventional energy sources and towards non-conventional ones. Energy from the sun is clean and available in natural quantities, which can reduce our dependence on fossil fuels on a large scale along with providing low-carbon solutions. By tracking the sun’s radiations, the photovoltaic (PV) panels could be directed in such a way that they collect high levels of sunlight. This article presents the design and performance assessment of a low-cost dual-axis solar tracking system based on Arduino. The main objective of this study is to show that the proposed solar-tracking system performs better a non-tracking system. A light sensor and two servo motors are also employed to move the solar panel toward a high-intensity light source. The software domain code was created using the C programming language using the Arduino IDE, which interacts with the Arduino board and its other connected devices. The performance of the prototype was assessed and compared to that of a stationary solar panel of the same rating. In this paper, the authors have highlighted the necessary techniques to build a low-cost solar tracker for extracting maximum photovoltaic energy using real-time data. In terms of power output, the results reveal that the tracking system surpasses the fixed solar panel, indicating increased performance at a reasonable cost. Therefore, the solar tracker has been proven to be very effective in capturing significant solar energy for solar harvesting applications.
Performance Analysis of Solar PV system integrated with SEPIC and ZETA converter
Authors: Dwivedi Dewang , Maurya Arun Kumar , Gangwar Ayush , Ahmad Anas , Maurya Ayush Pratap , Rai Anil K. , Ahuja Hemant
Published: August 2023

The renewable energy source that is now expanding the fastest is solar energy. It is expanding quickly because of its many applications and affordable upkeep. In order to maintain a consistent output voltage, the DC-DC power electronic converter is integrated with the solar PV system. This study examines SEPIC and ZETA converters in conjunction with a solar PV array. In this study, many characteristics like DC voltage, inductance, capacitance, and voltage are discussed. This research also compares and contrasts the SEPIC and ZETA converters. The MATLAB/Simulink environment is used for all work. When all the parameters are set to certain standard values, waveforms are produced. This demonstrates how changing a few parameters could produce distinct waveforms.
Optimal Solution of reactive power dispatch under normal and contingency condition using Rao algorithms
Authors: Sharma Ritesh , Kumar Narendra
Published: August 2023

Rao suggested three straight forward, metaphor-free optimization strategies to address the challenging optimization issue. These algorithms are approaches for optimization without parameters. As a result, no parameter modification unique to an algorithm is needed. This feature makes these algorithms simple to use and effective at resolving a wide range of difficult engineering and scientific challenges. This paper’s main objective is to use the Rao method to resolve the reactive power dispatch problem under both regular and emergency circumstances. The suggested method’s reliability was tested using these techniques in standard IEEE 30 bus test systems. Overall reactive power dispatch (RPD) results of Rao algorithms were matched with those of recently published well-known methods. Rao algorithms produce accurate and competitively priced numerical results.
The VSC-HVDC Transmission System Performance Assessment
Authors: Gandotra Rupika , Kanika  , Pal Kirti
Published: August 2023

As the use of renewable resources increases the transfer of power from remote area to consumer is a big challenge. Therefore, Voltage Source Converter High Voltage Direct Current (VSC-HVDC) transmission is gaining more popularity for integration of renewable energy generators to the consumers using smart grid. Even after many advantages of HVDC transmission system it is not used popularly due to unexpected instability in the system. However recent developments in semiconductor devices and control techniques the HVDC link operation in transmission system becomes easier. In this paper VSC based HVDC system is designed with AC-DC converter model for power flow assessment of both sides of HVDC link. To analyze the proposed model a simulation model of 75km DC line with voltage source converter (VSC) based AC-DC converter model on both side of DC line is designed in a MATLAB environment. HVDC link efficiency is calculated by analyzing power flow through AC lines at both ends of HVDC line.
Sequence pre-training-based graph neural network for predicting lncRNA-miRNA associations
Authors: Wang Zixiao , Liang Shiyang , Liu Siwei , Meng Zhaohan , Wang Jingjie , Liang Shangsong
Published: August 2023

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) silence genes by binding to messenger RNAs, whereas long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) that can relieve miRNA silencing effects and upregulate target gene expression. The ceRNA association between lncRNAs and miRNAs has been a research hotspot due to its medical importance, but it is challenging to verify experimentally. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning scheme, i.e. sequence pre-training-based graph neural network (SPGNN), that combines pre-training and fine-tuning stages to predict lncRNA–miRNA associations from RNA sequences and the existing interactions represented as a graph. First, we utilize a sequence-to-vector technique to generate pre-trained embeddings based on the sequences of all RNAs during the pre-training stage. In the fine-tuning stage, we use Graph Neural Network to learn node representations from the heterogeneous graph constructed using lncRNA–miRNA association information. We evaluate our proposed scheme SPGNN on our newly collected animal lncRNA–miRNA association dataset and demonstrate that combining the $k$-mer technique and Doc2vec model for pre-training with the Simple Graph Convolution Network for fine-tuning is effective in predicting lncRNA–miRNA associations. Our approach outperforms state-of-the-art baselines across various evaluation metrics. We also conduct an ablation study and hyperparameter analysis to verify the effectiveness of each component and parameter of our scheme. The complete code and dataset are available on GitHub: https://github.com/zixwang/SPGNN.
143. NEOADJUVANT CHEMORADIOTHERAPY VERSUS CHEMOTHERAPY FOR THE TREATMENT OF LOCALLY ADVANCED ESOPHAGEAL ADENOCARCINOMA IN THE EUROPEAN MULTICENTER ENSURE STUDY
Authors: Elliott Jessie , Klevebro Fredrik , Mantziari Styliani , Markar Sheraz R , Goense Lucas , Johar Asif , Lagergren Pernilla , Zaninotto Giovanni , Hillegersberg Richard , Berge Henegouwen Mark I , Schäfer Markus , Nilsson Magnus , Hanna George B , Reynolds John V ,   ENSURE study group
Published: August 2023

Background

nCT and nCRT are the standard of care for locally advanced esophageal cancer (LAEC) treated with curative intent. However, no published randomized controlled trial to date has demonstrated superiority of either approach. This study aimed to compare clinicopathologic, oncologic and health-related quality of life (HRQL) outcomes following neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT) and chemotherapy (nCT) in the ENSURE international multicenter study.

Methods

ENSURE is an international multicenter study of consecutive patients undergoing surgery for LAEC (2009–2015) across 20 high-volume centers (NCT03461341). The primary outcome measure was overall survival (OS), secondary outcomes included histopathologic response, recurrence pattern, oncologic outcome, and HRQL in survivorship.

Results

2211 patients were studied (48% nCT, 52% nCRT). pCR was observed in 4.9% and 14.7% (P < 0.001), with R0 in 78.2% and 94.2% (P < 0.001) post nCT and nCRT, respectively. Postoperative morbidity was equivalent, but in-hospital mortality was independently increased (HR 2.73, 95%CI 1.43–5.21, P = 0.002) following nCRT vs nCT. Probability of local recurrence was reduced (OR 0.71, 956% CI 0.54–0.93, P = 0.012), and distant recurrence free survival time reduced (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.02–1.37, P = 0.023) after nCRT vs nCT, with no difference in OS among all patients (HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.98–1.25, P = 0.113). On subgroup analysis, patients who underwent R0 resection following nCT as compared with nCRT had improved OS (median 60.7, 95% CI 49.5–71.8 months, vs 40.8, 95% CI 42.8–53.4, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

In this European multicenter study, nCRT compared with nCT was associated with reduced probability of local recurrence but reduced distant recurrence free survival for patients with LAEC, without differences in overall survival. These data support tailored patient-specific decision-making in the overall approach to achieving optimum outcomes in LAEC.
145. PRECISE PATTERN OF LYMPHATIC SPREAD OF ESOPHAGEAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA RESULTS OF 1074 PATIENTS WITH N1 DISEASE
Authors: Li Bin
Published: August 2023

Objective

The precise pattern of lymphatic spread in esophageal cancer remains unclear. The present study aimed to determine the pattern of lymphatic metastasis in its early stages.

Methods

The data were reviewed of 1074 patients who underwent curative esophagectomy for thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and metastasis in 1–2 lymph nodes between January 2015 and December 2021. The frequencies of lymph node metastasis were analyzed by the anatomic sites and regions involved.

Results

Of the 1074 patients, the median number of resected lymph nodes was 27 (interquartile range, 20–35). There were 668 patients (62.2%) with one positive lymph node and 406 patients (37.8%) with two positive lymph nodes. Paracardial lymph nodes were the most frequently involved nodes (35.2%), followed by the right thoracic recurrent nerve nodes (24.0%) and middle thoracic paraesophageal nodes (14.7%). The majority of lymph node metastases occurred in the longitudinal direction to the perigastric (35.2%) and bilateral recurrent nerve regions (33.0%) and in the transverse direction to the paraesophageal region (27.7%). Deep tumor depth (P = 0.047), poor tumor differentiation (P = 0.038), and lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.023) were associated with lymph node metastasis.

Conclusion

Perigastric nodes, bilateral recurrent nerve nodes, and paraesophageal lymph nodes were the most common early lymph node metastasis regions. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma involves more longitudinal than transverse lymph node metastases. Two-field lymphadenectomy should include the radical lymph nodes dissection both in the upper mediastinum and in the upper abdomen.