bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Völkische Esoterik und Transzendentalisierung der Nation als antisemitische Schuldabwehr in Ungarn
Authors: Marsovszky Magdalena
Published: November 2021

Die völkische Esoterik als Alltagsreligion ist gegenwärtig die prägnanteste Manifestation der antisemitischen Schuldabwehr in Ungarn. Als wahnhaftes Phantasma bekam sie Eingang ins neue Grundgesetz (2012) und bestimmt als staatsrechtliche Grundlage das politische und kulturelle Leben Ungarns. Da sie die Wirklichkeit zu entstellen vermag, wurde sie zur Norm einer destruktiven, negativen Integration, in der Menschengruppen durch gemeinsame Wutprojektionen zueinander finden. Ihr Ziel ist die Herstellung einer vorgestellten, letztendlich, durch die „heilige Krone“ kosmisch gesteuerten völkisch-arischen Harmonie, mit einem Homogenitätsversprechen gleich, das nur durch die Entfernung der als nicht-identisch fantasierten „Lebensunwerten“ erfüllbar zu sein scheint.

Im Beitrag werden die strukturellen Elemente der völkischen Esoterik in Ungarn herausgearbeitet und dargelegt, warum diese Ideologie mit der von der Orbán-Regierung beschworenen christlich-demokratischen Politik unvereinbar ist und der Antisemitismus in ihr immanent enthalten ist.

Sie propagiert statt christlicher Nächstenliebe „Artenliebe“.

Sie verkehrt die christliche Lehre radikal in ihr Gegenteil, weil sie die kulturpessimistische Annahme vertritt, dass die christliche Erlösung versagt hätte, weil die Gegenwart degeneriert und entspiritualisiert sei, deshalb müsse die Welt durch einen spirituellen, charismatischen Führer erneut erlöst werden.

Erlösung bedeutet hier nicht die christliche Befreiung von den Sünden nach dem Tode, sondern die Reinkarnation, an der aber nur die „Artgleichen“ teilhaben können.

In ihr wird das Christentum von seiner jüdischen Herkunft „gereinigt“, selbst Jesus erscheint „entjudet“ als „parthischer Prinz“ und Arier.

Ihr „Universalismus“ ist gegenaufklärerisch-identitär.
Feminism, Religion and Practical Reason
Authors: Clack Beverley
Published: November 2021

Pamela Sue Anderson's A Feminist Philosophy of Religion (1998) and Grace Jantzen's Becoming Divine: Towards a Feminist Philosophy of Religion (1998) set the tone for subsequent feminist philosophies of religion. This Element builds upon the legacy of their investigations, revisiting and extending aspects of their work for a contemporary context struggling with the impact of 'post-truth' forms of politics. Reclaiming the power of collective action felt in religious community and the importance of the struggle for truth enables a changed perspective on the world, itself necessary to realise the feminist desire for more flourishing forms of life and relationship crucial to feminist philosophy of religion.
Moderne Behandlungsoptionen an Gallenwegen und Pankreas in der interventionellen Endoskopie
Authors: Burri Emanuel , Ansprenger Christian
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung. Die interventionelle Endoskopie hat im hepato-pankreatiko-biliären Bereich in den letzten Jahren eine aufregende Entwicklung durchlaufen und eine Vielzahl therapeutischer Fähigkeiten dazu gewonnen. Durch neuartige Endoskope konnte aber auch die Diagnostik verbessert werden, durch direkte Visualisierung des Gallen- und Pankreasgangsystems inklusive visuell geführter Biopsien von luminalen Läsionen. Die Therapie komplexer Gallensteine mit einer cholangioskopisch-geführten Lithotripsie ist so ebenfalls möglich. Die biliäre Dekompression bei maligner Obstruktion kann heute endosonographisch gesteuert mit sogenannten «Lumen-apposing metall stents» (LAMS) erfolgen, welche extraanatomische Verbindungen zu den Gallenwegen erlauben, ausserhalb den traditionellen, transpapillären oder perkutanen Zugängen. Mit einer endosonographisch-gesteuerten, transgastrischen Drainage kann auch bei veränderter Anatomie nach Operation ein biliärer Zugang erreicht werden. In gleicher Weise ist auch die Drainage des Pankresganges möglich. Die ERCP-basierte Radiofrequenzablation und Photodynamische Therapie ermöglicht zudem eine gezielte Lokaltherapie von Gallengangsneoplasien. Auch in der Endotherapie der chronischen Pankreatitis werden die neuen Methoden zur endoluminalen Diagnostik, Lithotripsie und transgastrischer Drainage eingesetzt. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen detaillierten Überblick über die modernen Behandlungsoptionen an Gallenwegen und Pankreas in der interventionellen Gastroenterologie.
Disease-modifying therapeutic strategies in osteoarthritis: current status and future directions
Authors: Cho Yongsik , Jeong Sumin , Kim Hyeonkyeong , Kang Donghyun , Lee Jeeyeon , Kang Seung-Baik , Kim Jin-Hong
Published: November 2021

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis. It is characterized by progressive destruction of articular cartilage and the development of chronic pain and constitutes a considerable socioeconomic burden. Currently, pharmacological treatments mostly aim to relieve the OA symptoms associated with inflammation and pain. However, with increasing understanding of OA pathology, several potential therapeutic targets have been identified, enabling the development of disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs). By targeting inflammatory cytokines, matrix-degrading enzymes, the Wnt pathway, and OA-associated pain, DMOADs successfully modulate the degenerative changes in osteoarthritic cartilage. Moreover, regenerative approaches aim to counterbalance the loss of cartilage matrix by stimulating chondrogenesis in endogenous stem cells and matrix anabolism in chondrocytes. Emerging strategies include the development of senolytic drugs or RNA therapeutics to eliminate the cellular or molecular sources of factors driving OA. This review describes the current developmental status of DMOADs and the corresponding results from preclinical and clinical trials and discusses the potential of emerging therapeutic approaches to treat OA.
Genomic modules and intramodular network concordance in susceptible and resilient male mice across models of stress
Authors: Caradonna Salvatore G. , Zhang Tie-Yuan , O’Toole Nicholas , Shen Mo-Jun , Khalil Huzefa , Einhorn Nathan R. , Wen Xianglan , Parent Carine , Lee Francis S. , Akil Huda , Meaney Michael J. , McEwen Bruce S. , Marrocco Jordan
Published: November 2021

The multifactorial etiology of stress-related disorders necessitates a constant interrogation of the molecular convergences in preclinical models of stress that use disparate paradigms as stressors spanning from environmental challenges to genetic predisposition to hormonal signaling. Using RNA-sequencing, we investigated the genomic signatures in the ventral hippocampus common to mouse models of stress. Chronic oral corticosterone (CORT) induced increased anxiety- and depression-like behavior in wild-type male mice and male mice heterozygous for the gene coding for brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met, a variant associated with genetic susceptibility to stress. In a separate set of male mice, chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) led to a susceptible or a resilient population, whose proportion was dependent on housing conditions, namely standard housing or enriched environment. Rank-rank-hypergeometric overlap (RRHO), a threshold-free approach that ranks genes by their p value and effect size direction, was used to identify genes from a continuous gradient of significancy that were concordant across groups. In mice treated with CORT and in standard-housed susceptible mice, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were concordant for gene networks involved in neurotransmission, cytoskeleton function, and vascularization. Weighted gene co-expression analysis generated 54 gene hub modules and revealed two modules in which both CORT and CSDS-induced enrichment in DEGs, whose function was concordant with the RRHO predictions, and correlated with behavioral resilience or susceptibility. These data showed transcriptional concordance across models in which the stress coping depends upon hormonal, environmental, or genetic factors revealing common genomic drivers that embody the multifaceted nature of stress-related disorders.
The JAK/STAT signaling pathway: from bench to clinic
Authors: Hu Xiaoyi , li Jing , Fu Maorong , Zhao Xia , Wang Wei
Published: November 2021

The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway was discovered more than a quarter-century ago. As a fulcrum of many vital cellular processes, the JAK/STAT pathway constitutes a rapid membrane-to-nucleus signaling module and induces the expression of various critical mediators of cancer and inflammation. Growing evidence suggests that dysregulation of the JAK/STAT pathway is associated with various cancers and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about the composition, activation, and regulation of the JAK/STAT pathway. Moreover, we highlight the role of the JAK/STAT pathway and its inhibitors in various diseases.
A distinct D1-MSN subpopulation down-regulates dopamine to promote negative emotional state
Authors: Liu Zhiyuan , Le Qiumin , Lv Yanbo , Chen Xi , Cui Jian , Zhou Yiming , Cheng Deqin , Ma Chaonan , Su Xiujuan , Xiao Lei , Yang Ruyi , Zhang Jiayi , Ma Lan , Liu Xing
Published: November 2021

Dopamine (DA) level in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is critical for reward and aversion encoding. DA released from the ventral mesencephalon (VM) DAergic neurons increases the excitability of VM-projecting D1-dopamine receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (D1-MSNs) in the NAc to enhance DA release and augment rewards. However, how such a DA positive feedback loop is regulated to maintain DA homeostasis and reward-aversion balance remains elusive. Here we report that the ventral pallidum (VP) projection of NAc D1-MSNs (D1NAc-VP) is inhibited by rewarding stimuli and activated by aversive stimuli. In contrast to the VM projection of D1-MSN (D1NAc-VM), activation of D1NAc-VP projection induces aversion, but not reward. D1NAc-VP MSNs are distinct from the D1NAc-VM MSNs, which exhibit conventional functions of D1-MSNs. Activation of D1NAc-VP projection stimulates VM GABAergic transmission, inhibits VM DAergic neurons, and reduces DA release into the NAc. Thus, D1NAc-VP and D1NAc-VM MSNs cooperatively control NAc dopamine balance and reward-aversion states.
Microbiologically influenced corrosion inhibition of carbon steel via biomineralization induced by Shewanella putrefaciens
Authors: Lou Yuntian , Chang Weiwei , Cui Tianyu , Qian Hongchang , Huang Luyao , Ma Lingwei , Hao Xiangping , Zhang Dawei
Published: November 2021

Microbiologically influenced corrosion inhibition (MICI) of Q235 carbon steel by biomineralization was investigated via a combination of surface analysis, electrochemistry, and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). The results showed that Shewanella putrefaciens used the cell walls as the nucleation sites to induce the formation of a protective biomineralized layers which contained calcite and extracellular polymeric substances on the steel surface. The potentiodynamic polarization results demonstrated that the corrosion current density (icorr value) of the biomineralized steel surface was 0.38 μA cm−2, which was less than one-tenth that of the blank steel in a sterile medium (4.86 μA cm−2) after 14 days. The biomineralized layers presented wear resistance and could self-repair after undergoing mechanical damage under microbial conditions as verified by morphological and SECM observations. This work reveals that microbial-induced carbonate biomineralization, as a MICI approach, may be considered as a reliable, low-cost, environmentally friendly corrosion inhibition strategy.
Human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells expressing doublecortin improve cartilage repair in rabbits and monkeys
Authors: Ge Dongxia , O’Brien Michael J. , Savoie Felix H. , Gimble Jeffrey M. , Wu Xiying , Gilbert Margaret H. , Clark-Patterson Gabrielle L. , Schuster Jason D. , Miller Kristin S. , Wang Alun , Myers Leann , You Zongbing
Published: November 2021

Localized cartilage lesions in early osteoarthritis and acute joint injuries are usually treated surgically to restore function and relieve pain. However, a persistent clinical challenge remains in how to repair the cartilage lesions. We expressed doublecortin (DCX) in human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (hASCs) and engineered hASCs into cartilage tissues using an in vitro 96-well pellet culture system. The cartilage tissue constructs with and without DCX expression were implanted in the knee cartilage defects of rabbits (n = 42) and monkeys (n = 12). Cohorts of animals were euthanized at 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery to evaluate the cartilage repair outcomes. We found that DCX expression in hASCs increased expression of growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) and matrilin 2 in the engineered cartilage tissues. The cartilage tissues with DCX expression significantly enhanced cartilage repair as assessed macroscopically and histologically at 6, 12, and 24 months after implantation in the rabbits and 24 months after implantation in the monkeys, compared to the cartilage tissues without DCX expression. These findings suggest that hASCs expressing DCX may be engineered into cartilage tissues that can be used to treat localized cartilage lesions.
Diversity and molecular network patterns of symptom phenotypes
Authors: Shu Zixin , Wang Jingjing , Sun Hailong , Xu Ning , Lu Chenxia , Zhang Runshun , Li Xiaodong , Liu Baoyan , Zhou Xuezhong
Published: November 2021

Symptom phenotypes have continuously been an important clinical entity for clinical diagnosis and management. However, non-specificity of symptom phenotypes for clinical diagnosis is one of the major challenges that need be addressed to advance symptom science and precision health. Network medicine has delivered a successful approach for understanding the underlying mechanisms of complex disease phenotypes, which will also be a useful tool for symptom science. Here, we extracted symptom co-occurrences from clinical textbooks to construct phenotype network of symptoms with clinical co-occurrence and incorporated high-quality symptom-gene associations and protein–protein interactions to explore the molecular network patterns of symptom phenotypes. Furthermore, we adopted established network diversity measure in network medicine to quantify both the phenotypic diversity (i.e., non-specificity) and molecular diversity of symptom phenotypes. The results showed that the clinical diversity of symptom phenotypes could partially be explained by their underlying molecular network diversity (PCC = 0.49, P-value = 2.14E-08). For example, non-specific symptoms, such as chill, vomiting, and amnesia, have both high phenotypic and molecular network diversities. Moreover, we further validated and confirmed the approach of symptom clusters to reduce the non-specificity of symptom phenotypes. Network diversity proposes a useful approach to evaluate the non-specificity of symptom phenotypes and would help elucidate the underlying molecular network mechanisms of symptom phenotypes and thus promotes the advance of symptom science for precision health.
An interpretable machine learning model based on a quick pre-screening system enables accurate deterioration risk prediction for COVID-19
Authors: Jia Lijing , Wei Zijian , Zhang Heng , Wang Jiaming , Jia Ruiqi , Zhou Manhong , Li Xueyan , Zhang Hankun , Chen Xuedong , Yu Zheyuan , Wang Zhaohong , Li Xiucheng , Li Tingting , Liu Xiangge , Liu Pei , Chen Wei , Li Jing , He Kunlun
Published: November 2021

A high-performing interpretable model is proposed to predict the risk of deterioration in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. The model was developed using a cohort of 3028 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and exhibiting common clinical symptoms that were internally verified (AUC 0.8517, 95% CI 0.8433, 0.8601). A total of 15 high risk factors for deterioration and their approximate warning ranges were identified. This included prothrombin time (PT), prothrombin activity, lactate dehydrogenase, international normalized ratio, heart rate, body-mass index (BMI), D-dimer, creatine kinase, hematocrit, urine specific gravity, magnesium, globulin, activated partial thromboplastin time, lymphocyte count (L%), and platelet count. Four of these indicators (PT, heart rate, BMI, HCT) and comorbidities were selected for a streamlined combination of indicators to produce faster results. The resulting model showed good predictive performance (AUC 0.7941 95% CI 0.7926, 0.8151). A website for quick pre-screening online was also developed as part of the study.
Complex energies of the coherent longitudinal optical phonon–plasmon coupled mode according to dynamic mode decomposition analysis
Authors: Sakata Itsushi , Sakata Takuya , Mizoguchi Kohji , Tanaka Satoshi , Oohata Goro , Akai Ichiro , Igarashi Yasuhiko , Nagano Yoshihiro , Okada Masato
Published: November 2021

In a dissipative quantum system, we report the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) analysis of damped oscillation signals. We used a reflection-type pump-probe method to observe time-domain signals, including the coupled modes of long-lived longitudinal optical phonons and quickly damped plasmons (LOPC) at various pump powers. The Fourier transformed spectra of the observed damped oscillation signals show broad and asymmetric modes, making it difficult to evaluate their frequencies and damping rates. We then used DMD to analyze the damped oscillation signals by precisely determining their frequencies and damping rates. We successfully identified the LOPC modes. The obtained frequencies and damping rates were shown to depend on the pump power, which implies photoexcited carrier density. We compared the pump-power dependence of the frequencies and damping rates of the LOPC modes with the carrier density dependence of the complex eigen-energies of the coupled modes by using the non-Hermitian phenomenological effective Hamiltonian. Good agreement was obtained between the observed and calculated dependences, demonstrating that DMD is an effective alternative to Fourier analysis which often fails to estimate effective damping rates.
Genetically predicted sex hormone binding globulin and ischemic heart disease in men and women: a univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhao Jie V. , Schooling C. Mary
Published: November 2021

Men are more vulnerable to ischemic heart disease (IHD) than women, possibly due to testosterone. Correspondingly, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) which lowers circulating testosterone might protect men against IHD. SHBG may also affect IHD independent of testosterone, which has not previously been examined. To assess the sex-specific role of SHBG in IHD, in univariable Mendelian randomization (MR), we used sex-specific, genome-wide significant genetic variants to predict SHBG, and examined their association with IHD in the UK Biobank. We also replicated using genetic instruments from Japanese men and applied to Biobank Japan. To assess the role of SHGB independent of testosterone in men, we used multivariable MR controlling for testosterone. Genetically predicted SHBG was associated with lower IHD risk in men [odds ratio (OR) 0.78 per standard deviation, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70 to 0.87], and the association was less clear in women. The estimates were similar in Japanese. The inverse association remained after controlling for testosterone in men (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.88). SHBG might lower the risk of IHD in men, with a role independent of testosterone. Exploring intervention strategies that increase SHBG is important for targeting IHD treatments.
Proteomic profiling of human amnion for preterm birth biomarker discovery
Authors: Bruschi Maurizio , Bartolucci Martina , Petretto Andrea , Buffelli Francesca , Kajana Xhuliana , Parodi Alessandro , Carbone Riccardo , Fulcheri Ezio , Ramenghi Luca Antonio , Panfoli Isabella , Candiano Giovanni
Published: November 2021

Spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) complicates about 12% of pregnancies worldwide, remaining the main cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Spontaneous preterm birth PTBs is often caused by microbial-induced preterm labor, mediated by an inflammatory process threatening both maternal and newborn health. In search for novel predictive biomarkers of PTB and preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes (pPROM), and to improve understanding of infection related PTB, we performed an untargeted mass spectrometry discovery study on 51 bioptic mid zone amnion samples from premature babies. A total of 6352 proteins were identified. Bioinformatics analyses revealed a ranked core of 159 proteins maximizing the discrimination between the selected clinical stratification groups allowing to distinguish conditions of absent (FIR 0) from maximal Fetal Inflammatory Response (FIR 3) stratified in function of Maternal Inflammatory Response (MIR) grade. Matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) was the top differentially expressed protein. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of the core proteins showed significant changes in the biological pathways associated to inflammation and regulation of immune and infection response. Data suggest that the conditions determining PTB would be a transversal event, secondary to the maternal inflammatory response causing a breakdown in fetal-maternal tolerance, with fetal inflammation being more severe than maternal one. We also highlight matrix metallopeptidase-9 as a potential predictive biomarker of PTB that can be assayed in the maternal serum, for future investigation.
Functional and structural phenotyping of cardiomyocytes in the 3D organization of embryoid bodies exposed to arsenic trioxide
Authors: Rebuzzini Paola , Civello Cinzia , Fassina Lorenzo , Zuccotti Maurizio , Garagna Silvia
Published: November 2021

Chronic exposure to environmental pollutants threatens human health. Arsenic, a world-wide diffused toxicant, is associated to cardiac pathology in the adult and to congenital heart defects in the foetus. Poorly known are its effects on perinatal cardiomyocytes. Here, bioinformatic image-analysis tools were coupled with cellular and molecular analyses to obtain functional and structural quantitative metrics of the impairment induced by 0.1, 0.5 or 1.0 µM arsenic trioxide exposure on the perinatal-like cardiomyocyte component of mouse embryoid bodies, within their 3D complex cell organization. With this approach, we quantified alterations to the (a) beating activity; (b) sarcomere organization (texture, edge, repetitiveness, height and width of the Z bands); (c) cardiomyocyte size and shape; (d) volume occupied by cardiomyocytes within the EBs. Sarcomere organization and cell morphology impairment are paralleled by differential expression of sarcomeric α-actin and Tropomyosin proteins and of acta2, myh6 and myh7 genes. Also, significant increase of Cx40, Cx43 and Cx45 connexin genes and of Cx43 protein expression profiles is paralleled by large Cx43 immunofluorescence signals. These results provide new insights into the role of arsenic in impairing cytoskeletal components of perinatal-like cardiomyocytes which, in turn, affect cell size, shape and beating capacity.
Exogenous application of silicon improves the performance of wheat under terminal heat stress by triggering physio-biochemical mechanisms
Authors: Mustafa Talha , Sattar Abdul , Sher Ahmad , Ul-Allah Sami , Ijaz Muhammad , Irfan Muhammad , Butt Madiha , Cheema Mumtaz
Published: November 2021

Due to climate change, temperature in late February and early March raised up which cause heat stress at reproductive stage (terminal growth phase of wheat crop) which has become the major causative factor towards low wheat production in arid and semiarid regions. Therefore; strategies need to be adopted for improving terminal heat stress tolerance in wheat. In this study, we assessed whether foliar application of silicon (Si) (2 and 4 mM) at terminal growth phase i.e. heading stage of wheat imposed to heat stress (37 ± 2 °C) under polythene tunnel could improve the performance of wheat. Results of the study revealed that heat stress significantly reduced the photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and a + b and carotenoids) leading to a lower grain yield. However, a 4 mM Si application (foliar applied) at heading stage prominently increased the chlorophyll a, b and a + b and carotenoids of flag leaf by improving the activities of enzymatic antioxidants (catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) and osmoprotectants (soluble sugar protein and proline) under terminal heat stress. Improvements in the performance of wheat (chlorophyll contents, carotenoids, soluble sugar and proteins and proline and yield) with foliar application of Si were also observed under control conditions. Correlation analysis revealed strong association (r > 0.90) of chlorophyll contents and carotenoids with grain and biological yield. Negative correlation (−0.81 < r > −0.63) of physio-biochemical components (antioxidants, proline, soluble sugars and proteins) with yield revealed that under heat stress these components produced in more quantities to alleviate the effects of heat, and Si application also improved these physio biochemical components. In crux, foliar application of Si alleviates the losses in the performance of wheat caused by terminal heat stress by improving the antioxidant mechanism and production of osmoprotectants.
Site specific incidence rate of virulence related genes of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli and association with enteric inflammation and growth in children
Authors: Das Rina , Palit Parag , Haque Md. Ahshanul , Mahfuz Mustafa , Faruque A. S. G. , Ahmed Tahmeed
Published: November 2021

There is a lack of information highlighting the possible association between strain carrying genes of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) and environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) and on linear growth during childhood. Strain carrying genes of EAEC from stool samples collected from 1705 children enrolled in the MAL-ED birth cohort were detected by TaqMan Array Cards. We measured site-specific incidence rate by using Poisson regression models, identified the risk factors and estimated the associations of strain carrying genes of EAEC with the composite EED score and linear growth at 24 months of age. Overall highest incidence rate (43.3%) was found among children having infection with the aggR gene, which was the greatest in Tanzania (56.7%). Low maternal education, lack of improved floor, and ownership of domestic cattle were found to be risk factors for EAEC infection. In the multivariate models, after adjusting the potential covariates, strain carrying genes of EAEC showed strong positive associations with the EED scores and with poor linear growth at 24 months of age. Our analyses may lay the cornerstone for a prospective epidemiologic investigation for a potential vaccine development aimed at reducing the burden of EAEC infections and combat childhood malnutrition.
Visualization of radiocesium distribution in surface layer of seafloor around Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Sanada Yukihisa , Urabe Yoshimi , Misonou Toshiharu , Shiribiki Takehiko , Nakanishi Takahiro , Watanabe Yusuke , Tsuruta Tadahiko
Published: November 2021

Large quantities of volatile radionuclides were released into the atmosphere and the hydrosphere following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident on March, 2011. Monitoring of radiocesium in sediment is important for evaluating the behavior of radiocesium in the environment and its effect on aquatic organisms. In this study, the radiocesium distribution in the surface sediment around the FDNPP was visualized as a radiocesium concentration map using periodical survey data from a towed gamma-ray detection system. The uncertainty of the radiocesium map was evaluated via comparison with a large amount of sediment core sample data. The characteristics of the radiocesium distribution were examined considering the seafloor topography and a geological map, which were obtained via acoustic wave survey. The characteristics of the formation of 137Cs anomaly at the estuaries were analyzed using a contour map of 137Cs concentration combined with water depth. Validation of the created map showed that it was comparable with actual sediment core samples. The map generated using the towed radiation survey depicted the 137Cs concentration distribution as the position resolution of a 1 km mesh. Finally, the 137Cs concentration decreased with time in consideration of such uncertainty.
Critical role of backbone coordination in the mRNA recognition by RNA induced silencing complex
Authors: Zhu Lizhe , Jiang Hanlun , Cao Siqin , Unarta Ilona Christy , Gao Xin , Huang Xuhui
Published: November 2021

Despite its functional importance, the molecular mechanism underlying target mRNA recognition by Argonaute (Ago) remains largely elusive. Based on extensive all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we constructed quasi-Markov State Model (qMSM) to reveal the dynamics during recognition at position 6-7 in the seed region of human Argonaute 2 (hAgo2). Interestingly, we found that the slowest mode of motion therein is not the gRNA-target base-pairing, but the coordination of the target phosphate groups with a set of positively charged residues of hAgo2. Moreover, the ability of Helix-7 to approach the PIWI and MID domains was found to reduce the effective volume accessible to the target mRNA and therefore facilitate both the backbone coordination and base-pair formation. Further mutant simulations revealed that alanine mutation of the D358 residue on Helix-7 enhanced a trap state to slow down the loading of target mRNA. Similar trap state was also observed when wobble pairs were introduced in g6 and g7, indicating the role of Helix-7 in suppressing non-canonical base-paring. Our study pointed to a general mechanism for mRNA recognition by eukaryotic Agos and demonstrated the promise of qMSM in investigating complex conformational changes of biomolecular systems.
Negative valley polarization in doped monolayer MoSe2
Authors: Wu Yueh-Chun , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Yan Jun
Published: November 2021

The dominant circular polarization of luminescence emission from monolayer MoSe2 in a magnetic field is effectively tuned by charge doping, allowing the valley polarization of exciton polarons to reach negative values.
Stable copernicium hexafluoride (CnF6) with an oxidation state of VI+
Authors: Hu Shu-Xian , Zou Wenli
Published: November 2021

CnF6 and CnF4 are almost equally stable in energy according to the state of the art fully relativistic calculations.
The lowest-energy structure of the gold cluster Au10: planar vs. nonplanar?
Authors: Nhat Pham Vu , Si Nguyen Thanh , Hang Nguyen Thi Nhat , Nguyen Minh Tho
Published: November 2021

A plausible coexistence of both planar and non-planar isomers of Au10 at the onset of 2D–3D structural transition of pure gold clusters.
Syntheses, structures, and magnetic properties of a series of Mn–M–Mn trinuclear complexes with different spin configurations
Authors: Shiga Takuya , Ito Honami , Mihara Nozomi , Nihei Masayuki
Published: November 2021

A series of trinuclear complexes, [Mn(ii)–M–Mn(ii)] (M = Y(iii), Gd(iii) and Mn(ii)), were synthesized. The Mn(ii)–Gd(iii)–Mn(ii) complex shows large magnetic entropy changes with ferromagnetic interactions.
Green solvent engineering for enhanced performance and reproducibility in printed carbon-based mesoscopic perovskite solar cells and modules
Authors: Worsley C. , Raptis D. , Meroni S. M. P. , Patidar R. , Pockett A. , Dunlop T. , Potts S. J. , Bolton R. , Charbonneau C. M. E. , Carnie M. , Jewell E. , Watson T.
Published: November 2021

Green solvent mixes are applied in printed mesoscopic perovskite solar cells and modules, achieving 13.8% PCE at 1 cm2 and >9% PCE in a 220 cm2 module. This shows how green solvent engineering can aid improvement and scale-up in emerging technologies.
Broadband near-infrared persistent luminescence in Ni2+-doped transparent glass-ceramic ZnGa2O4
Authors: Liu Tianpeng , Liu Zhiyuan , Wu Jiao , Zhang Kang , An Hongxiang , Hu Zhiyu , Deng Shuwei , Li Xiaoshuang , Li Haifeng
Published: November 2021

ZnGa2O4:Ni2+ glass-ceramic exhibits a second near-infrared emission band peaking at 1240 nm and persistent luminescence properties.
Selective hydrogenation of butyl levulinate to γ-valerolactone over sulfonated activated carbon-supported SnRuB bifunctional catalysts
Authors: Ding Shuai , Zhang Hairong , Li Bo , Xu Wenping , Chen Xuefang , Yao Shimiao , Xiong Lian , Guo Haijun , Chen Xinde
Published: November 2021

The sulfonated activated carbon (SAC) supported SnRuB catalyst was developed through the co-impregnation followed by a chemical reduction process and applied for BL hydrogenation to GVL for the first time.
A web of poly(bisbenzimidazolatocopper(ii)) around multiwalled carbon nanotubes for the electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Gurusamy Tamilselvi , Rajaram Rajendran , Murugan Raja , Ramanujam Kothandaraman
Published: November 2021

The present work focuses on the electrochemical determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), using a poly(bisbenzimidazolatocopper(ii)) coordinated multiwalled carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode (MWCNT/(BIM–Cu2+)n@GCE).
Organocatalysis applied to carbohydrates: from roots to current developments
Authors: Gallier Florian , e Miranda Leandro Soter de Mariz
Published: November 2021

This review is devoted to the broad application of organocatalysis in the synthesis of (un)natural carbohydrates as well as organocatalyzed glycosylation and the aldol reaction for the synthesis of C-glycosides.
The catalytic decarboxylative allylation of enol carbonates: the synthesis of enantioenriched 3-allyl-3′-aryl 2-oxindoles and the core structure of azonazine
Authors: Babu K. Naresh , Pal Souvik , Khatua Arindam , Roy Avishek , Bisai Alakesh
Published: November 2021

Decarboxylative allylation of enol carbonates (2) afforded 2-oxindoles (5) in up to 94% ee. This methodology has been utilized for a 3-step construction of tetracyclic core (3) of azonazine (2).
Spontaneous formation of anisotropic microrods from paraffin wax in an aqueous environment
Authors: Wang Wei , Wen Jianguo , Shevchenko Elena , Ma Xuedan
Published: November 2021

We demonstrate the formation of polymer microrods from paraffin wax in an aqueous environment. The thermodynamics-driven self-organization and self-assembly of the polymeric materials lead to uniform microrod structures with high aspect ratios.
The Type II AGN-host galaxy connection
Authors: Vietri G. , Garilli B. , Polletta M. , Bisogni S. , Cassarà L. P. , Franzetti P. , Fumana M. , Gargiulo A. , Maccagni D. , Mancini C. , Scodeggio M. , Fritz A. , Małek K. , Manzoni G. , Pollo A. , Siudek M. , Vergani D. , Zamorani G. , Zanichelli A.
Published: November 2021

We present a study of optically selected Type II active galactic nuclei (AGN) at 0.5 < z < 0.9 from the VIPERS and VVDS surveys, to investigate the connection between AGN activity and the physical properties of their host galaxies. The host stellar mass is estimated through spectral energy distribution fitting with the CIGALE code, and star formation rates are derived from the [OII]λ3727 Å line luminosity. We find that 49% of the AGN host galaxies are on or above the main sequence (MS), 40% lie in the sub-MS locus, and 11% in the quiescent locus. Using the [OIII]λ5007 Å line luminosity as a proxy of the AGN power, we find that at fixed AGN power Type II AGN host galaxies show a bimodal behaviour: systems with host galaxy stellar mass < 1010 M⊙reside along the MS or in the starbursts locus (high-SF Type II AGN), while systems residing in massive host galaxies (> 1010 M⊙) show a lower level of star formation (low-SF Type II AGN). At all stellar masses the offset from the MS is positively correlated with the AGN power. We interpret this correlation as evidence of co-evolution between the AGN and the host, possibly due to the availability of cold gas. In the most powerful AGN with host galaxies below the MS we find a hint, though weak, of asymmetry in the [OIII] line profile, likely due to outflowing gas, consistent with a scenario in which AGN feedback removes the available gas and halts the star formation in the most massive hosts.
Type Iax supernovae from deflagrations in Chandrasekhar mass white dwarfs
Authors: Lach F. , Callan F. P. , Bubeck D. , Röpke F. K. , Sim S. A. , Schrauth M. , Ohlmann S. T. , Kromer M.
Published: November 2021

Context. Due to the ever increasing number of observations during the past decades, Type Ia supernovae are nowadays regarded as a heterogeneous class of optical transients consisting of several subtypes. One of the largest of these subclasses is the class of Type Iax supernovae. They have been suggested to originate from pure deflagrations in carbon-oxygen Chandrasekhar mass white dwarfs because the outcome of this explosion scenario is in general agreement with their subluminous nature.

Aims. Although a few deflagration studies have already been carried out, the full diversity of the class has not been captured yet. This, in particular, holds for the faint end of the subclass. We therefore present a parameter study of single-spot ignited deflagrations in Chandrasekhar mass white dwarfs varying the location of the ignition spark, the central density, the metallicity, and the composition of the white dwarf. We also explore a rigidly rotating progenitor to investigate whether the effect of rotation can spawn additional trends.

Methods. We carried out three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations employing the LEAFS code. Subsequently, detailed nucleosynthesis results were obtained with the nuclear network code YANN. In order to compare our results to observations, we calculated synthetic spectra and light curves with the ARTIS code.

Results. The new set of models extends the range in brightness covered by previous studies to the lower end. Our single-spot ignited explosions produce 56Ni masses from 5.8 × 10−3 to 9.2 × 10−2 M⊙. In spite of the wide exploration of the parameter space, the main characteristics of the models are primarily driven by the mass of 56Ni and form a one-dimensional sequence. Secondary parameters seem to have too little impact to explain the observed trend in the faint part of the Type Iax supernova class. We report kick velocities of the gravitationally bound explosion remnants from 6.9 to 369.8 km s−1. The magnitude as well as the direction of the natal kick is found to depend on the strength of the deflagration.

Conclusions. This work corroborates the results of previous studies of deflagrations in Chandrasekhar mass white dwarfs. The wide exploration of the parameter space in initial conditions and viewing angle effects in the radiative transfer lead to a significant spread in the synthetic observables. The trends in observational properties toward the faint end of the class are, however, not reproduced. This motivates a quantification of the systematic uncertainties in the modeling procedure and the influence of the 56Ni-rich bound remnant to get to the bottom of these discrepancies. Moreover, while the pure deflagration scenario remains a favorable explanation for bright and intermediate luminosity Type Iax supernovae, our results suggest that other mechanisms also contribute to this class of events.
An expanded ultraluminous X-ray source catalogue
Authors: Bernadich M. C. i , Schwope A. D. , Kovlakas K. , Zezas A. , Traulsen I.
Published: November 2021

Context. Ultraluminous X-ray sources (LX ≳ ×1039 erg s−1, ULXs) are excellent probes for extreme accretion physics, star formation history in galaxies, and intermediate-mass black holes searches. As the sample size of X-ray data from modern observatories such as XMM-Newton and Chandra increases, producing extensive catalogues of ULXs and studying their collective properties has become both a possibility and a priority.

Aims. Our aim is to build a clean updated ULX catalogue based on one of the most recent XMM-Newton X-ray serendipitous survey data releases, 4XMM-DR9, and the most recent and exhaustive catalogue of nearby galaxies, HECATE. We performed a preliminary population study to test if the properties of the expanded XMM-Newton ULX population are consistent with previous findings.

Methods. We performed positional cross-matches between XMM-Newton sources and HECATE objects to identify host galaxies, and we used distance and luminosity arguments to identify ULX candidates. We flagged interlopers by finding known counterparts in external catalogues and databases such as Gaia DR2, SSDS, Pan-STARRS1, the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database, and SIMBAD. Source, galaxy and variability parameters from 4XMM-DR9, HECATE, and 4XMM-DR9s were used to study the spectral, abundance, and variability properties of the ULX sample.

Results. We identify 779 ULX candidates, 94 of which hold LX ≳ 5 × 1040 erg s−1. Spiral galaxies are more likely to host ULXs. For early spiral galaxies the number of ULX candidates per star-forming rate is consistent with previous studies, while a significant ULX population in elliptical and lenticular galaxies also exists. Candidates hosted by late-type galaxies tend to present harder spectra and to undergo more extreme inter-observation variability than those hosted by early-type galaxies. Approximately 30 candidates with LX > 1041 erg s−1 are also identified, constituting the most interesting candidates for intermediate-mass black hole searches.

Conclusions. We have built the largest ULX catalogue to date. Our results on the spectral and abundance properties of ULXs confirm the findings made by previous studies based on XMM-Newton and Chandra data, while our population-scale study on variability properties is unprecedented. Our study, however, provides limited insight into the properties of the brightest ULX candidates due to the small sample size. The expected growth of X-ray catalogues and potential future follow-ups will aid in drawing a clearer picture.
AMICO galaxy clusters in KiDS-DR3: The impact of estimator statistics on the luminosity-mass scaling relation
Authors: Smit Merijn , Dvornik Andrej , Radovich Mario , Kuijken Konrad , Maturi Matteo , Moscardini Lauro , Sereno Mauro
Published: November 2021

Context.As modern-day precision cosmology aims for statistical uncertainties of the percent level or lower, it becomes increasingly important to reconsider estimator assumptions at each step of the process, along with their consequences on the statistical variability of the scientific results.

Aims.We compareL1regression statistics to the weighted mean, the canonicalL2method based on Gaussian assumptions, to infer the weak gravitational shear signal from a catalog of background ellipticity measurements around a sample of clusters, which has been a standard step in the processes of many recent analyses.

Methods.We use the shape measurements of background sources around 6925 AMICO clusters detected in the KiDS third data release. We investigate the robustness of our results and the dependence of uncertainties on the signal-to-noise ratios of the background source detections. Using a halo model approach, we derive lensing masses from the estimated excess surface density profiles.

Results.The highly significant shear signal allows us to study the scaling relation between ther-band cluster luminosity,L200, and the derived lensing mass,M200. We show the results of the scaling relations derived in 13 bins inL200, with a tightly constrained power-law slope of ∼1.24 ± 0.08. We observe a small, but significant, relative bias of a few percent in the recovered excess surface density profiles between the two regression methods, which translates to a 1σdifference inM200. The efficiency ofL1is at least that of the weighted mean and increases with higher signal-to-noise shape measurements.

Concluions.Our results indicate the relevance of optimizing the estimator for inferring the gravitational shear from a distribution of background ellipticities. The interpretation of measured relative biases can be gauged by deeper observations, and the increased computation times remain feasible.
Binary-object spectral-synthesis in 3D (BOSS-3D)
Authors: Hennicker L. , Kee N. D. , Shenar T. , Bodensteiner J. , Abdul-Masih M. , El Mellah I. , Sana H. , Sundqvist J. O.
Published: November 2021

Context. To quantitatively decode the information stored within an observed spectrum, detailed modelling of the physical state and accurate radiative transfer solution schemes are required. The accuracy of the model is then typically evaluated by comparing the calculated and observed spectra. In the analysis of stellar spectra, the numerical model often needs to account for binary companions and 3D structures in the stellar envelopes. The enigmatic binary (or multiple) system LB-1 constitutes a perfect example of such a complex multi-D problem. Thus far, the LB-1 system has been indirectly investigated by 1D stellar-atmosphere codes and by spectral disentangling techniques, yielding differing conclusions about the nature of the system (e.g., a B-star and black-hole binary with an accretion disc around the black hole or a stripped-star and Be-star binary system have been proposed).

Aims. To improve our understanding of the LB-1 system, we directly modelled the phase-dependent Hα line profiles of this system. To this end, we developed and present a multi-purpose binary-object spectral-synthesis code in 3D (BOSS-3D).

Methods. BOSS-3D calculates synthetic line profiles for a given state of the circumstellar material. The standard pz-geometry commonly used for single stars is extended by defining individual coordinate systems for each involved object and by accounting for the appropriate coordinate transformations. The code is then applied to the LB-1 system, considering two main hypotheses, a binary containing a stripped star and Be star, or a B star and a black hole with a disc.

Results. Comparing these two scenarios, neither model can reproduce the detailed phase-dependent shape of the Hα line profiles. A satisfactory match with the observations, however, is obtained by invoking a disc around the primary object in addition to the Be-star disc or the black-hole accretion disc.

Conclusions. The developed code can be used to model synthetic line profiles for a wide variety of binary systems, ranging from transit spectra of planetary atmospheres, to post-asymptotic giant branch binaries including circumstellar and circumbinary discs and massive-star binaries with stellar winds and disc systems. For the LB-1 system, our modelling provides strong evidence that each object in the system contains a disc-like structure.