bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USP22 Promotes Osteosarcoma Progression by Stabilising β‐Catenin and Upregulating HK2 and Glycolysis
Authors: Chen Shenliang , Hu Xin , Yi Xuan , Deng Xueqiang , Xiong Ting , Ou Yanghuan , Liu Shuaigang , Li Chen , Yan Xiaohua , Hao Liang
Published: December 2024

Osteosarcoma is a primary malignancy that is difficult to treat and is prone to developing resistance to chemotherapy. As such, it is necessary to continuously explore novel therapeutic targets. Ubiquitin‐specific protease 22 (USP22) is an ubiquitin‐specific protease that has been demonstrated to have potent carcinogenic effects on a variety of cancers and is involved in several biological processes. Studies have demonstrated that reprogramming of glucose metabolism is a major factor in the development and progression of osteosarcoma, and that USP22 is strongly associated with the metabolism of glucose in osteosarcoma. However, it is still unknown how precisely USP22 works in osteosarcoma. To further elucidate the expression and specific molecular mechanisms of USP22 in osteosarcoma. The results of Western blot analysis and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) showed that the expression of USP22 in osteosarcoma tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent healthy tissues. In addition, the expression of USP22 promotes the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells in a glycolytic dependent manner both in vitro and in vivo, while the knockout of USP22 is the opposite. In addition, USP22 knockout reduced the protein expression of β‐catenin and hexokinase 2 (HK2) in osteosarcoma cells. In addition, the regulation of HK2 expression induced by USP22 depends on β‐catenin. Mechanistically, USP22 regulates HK2 by deubiquitination and stabilising the expression of β‐catenin, thereby controlling glycolysis in osteosarcoma cells.
LYRM2 Promotes the Growth and Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Enhancing HIF‐1α‐Dependent Glucose Metabolic Reprogramming
Authors: Fan Bingfu , Zhang Yueqin , Zhou Lu , Xie Zhongchun , Liu Jie , Zhang Chengwu , Dou Changwei
Published: December 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a foetal malignancy with dismal overall survival. The molecular mechanism underlying the progression of HCC remain largely unknown. LYR motif containing 2 (LYRM2) has been identified as an oncogene in colorectal cancer; however, its expression, functions and molecular mechanism in the context of HCC has not been investigated. Data derived from The Cancer Gemome Atlas, along with findings from our patients' cohort, indicate that LYRM2 expression is elevated in HCC tissues and correlates with adverse clinicopathological features and prognosis in HCC patients. Subsequent research into the biological functions of LYRM2 has revealed that it promotes the proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition of HCC cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic insights have shown that LYRM2 interacts with HIF‐1α, enhancing the protein stability of HIF‐1α, which in turn increases cellular glycolysis and inhibits mitochondrial respiration. Moreover, the glucose metabolic reprogramming mediated by LYRM2 is implicated in its role in promoting HCC growth and metastasis. Collectively, this study identifies that LYRM2 as a novel oncogenic protein in HCC and elucidates its contribution to HCC progression through enhancing HIF‐1α‐dependent glucose metabolic reprogramming.
Modeling Directional Testlet Effects on Multiple Open‐Ended Questions
Authors: Jin Kuan‐Yu , Siu Wai‐Lok
Published: December 2024

Educational tests often have a cluster of items linked by a common stimulus (testlet). In such a design, the dependencies caused between items are called testlet effects. In particular, the directional testlet effect (DTE) refers to a recursive influence whereby responses to earlier items can positively or negatively affect the scores on later items. This study aims to introduce an innovative measurement model to describe DTEs among multiple polytomouslyscored open‐ended items. Through simulations, we found that (1) item and DTE parameters can be accurately recovered in Latent GOLD®, (2) ignoring positive (or negative) DTEs by fitting a standard item response theory model can result in the overestimation (or underestimation) of test reliability, (3) collapsing multiple items of a testlet into a super item is still effective in eliminating DTEs, (4) the popular multidimensional strategy of adding nuisance factors to describe item dependencies fails to account for DTE adequately, and (5) fitting the proposed model for DTE to testlet data involving nuisance factors will observe positive DTEs but will not have a better fit. Moreover, using the proposed model, we demonstrated the coexistence of positive and negative DTEs in a real history exam.
Challenges and Stimulating Factors for the Incorporation of Economic Considerations in Clinical Practice Guidelines: A Scoping Review
Authors: de Mortier Chloé A. , Yaros Jen , van Mastrigt Ghislaine A. P. G. , Verstegen Daniëlle M. L. , Evers Silvia M. A. A. , Majoie Marian H. J. M. , Dreesens Dunja H. H. , Paulus Aggie T. G.
Published: December 2024

Rationale, Aims and Objectives

The incorporation of economic considerations in clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) could help promote cost‐conscious decision‐making in healthcare. Though healthcare expenditures increase, and resources are becoming scarcer, the extent to which economic considerations are incorporated into CPGs remains limited. This scoping review aims to identify the challenges and potential stimulating factors to incorporate economic considerations in CPGs.

Method

This scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute Methodology and findings were reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) guidelines. A systematic search was conducted in eight databases considering literature published from July 2017 and onwards. Data extraction was conducted via an iterative and inductive approach to identify challenges and potential stimulating factors from the included reports. Included documents focused on the (para)medical field and reported on CPG development and economic considerations.

Results

The search identified 2445 documents from which 33 documents were included for analysis. The analysis identified five challenges: discourse surrounding economic considerations in CPGs, methodological ambiguities, scarcity of (high‐quality) economic evidence, transferability of evidence, and resource constraints. Additionally, three potential stimulating factors were identified: acceptance, economic evidence knowledge, and guidance on incorporating economic considerations.

Conclusion

These findings reflect the complexity of incorporating economic considerations in CPGs. The identified challenges highlight the need for clearer guidance (i.e. by training) and standardised methodologies for incorporating economic considerations in CPGs. The potential stimulating factors provide a roadmap for future efforts to enhance the integration of economic evidence in CPGs. Collaborative initiatives between health economists, CPG developers, and other stakeholders are essential to drive progress in this area and promote cost‐conscious decision‐making in healthcare.
Establishment and characterization of a fin cell line from Takifugu obscurus and its application to fish immunology
Authors: Wang Jie , Zhang Jingping , Han Shuang , Wang Youquan , Chen Liangbiao
Published: December 2024

Takifugu obscurus (pufferfish) is an important species in aquaculture and has become widely popular in China and Japan. However, the development of the pufferfish aquaculture industry has been significantly impacted by severe diseases. Fish cell lines, as a model for in vitro studies, have the advantages of low cost, easy culture, and low genetic variation rate. A novel cell line from the fin of T. obscurus was established in this study and named TOF. TOF grew optimally with L‐15 medium at 28°C and showed a multipolar fibroblast‐like morphology. Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene identification and karyotype detection confirmed that TOF cells originated from T. obscurus and the chromosome number was 44 (2n = 44). Transfection experiments showed that TOF cells were able to transfect and express exogenous genes by lipofection and electroporation. The studies of salinity (NaCl) and alkalinity (NaHCO3) on TOF proliferation showed that the highest multiplication rate of TOF was obtained at 6‰ NaCl mass and 4 g/L alkalinity, respectively. Furthermore, the expressions of several genes associated with the immune response were significantly upregulated after stimulating TOF cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and poly (I:C), including irf7, il10, myd88, and nod1. Additionally, the Aeromonas hydrophila infection assay with TOF cells showed that TOF cells were sensitive to bacteria, and pufferfish could promote antimicrobial activity through NLR/NF‐κB pathway to regulate the production of cytokines. This study suggested that TOF cell line could be an advantageous in vitro model for the investigation of fish immunology and virology, and could assist us to better comprehend the T. obscurus immune response to bacterial invasion.
Age and growth patterns of the ten spotted live‐bearing fish (Cnesterodon decemmaculatus) along a polluted freshwater system
Authors: Zambrano Micaela J. , Bolzán Alejandro D. , Bonifacio Alejo F. , Brito Juan M. , Amé María V. , Hued Andrea C.
Published: December 2024

Age and growth patterns of fish provide important information about the effects of environmental disturbances, which can be used as comparative tools in subsequent studies that attempt to assess freshwater quality. The main goal of our study was to provide information on relevant biological aspects of a native fish species used as a bioindicator in an extensive area of South America. In particular, we evaluated the age and growth patterns of Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Poeciliidae) to establish reference species values and to compare them in different sites along an environmental quality gradient in a South American freshwater system. Water quality assessments indicated increasing environmental degradation downstream, reflecting anthropogenic impacts. The estimated ages of C. decemmaculatus along this quality gradient varied across sampling sites. The longest‐lived individuals were those from the reference site, also presenting the highest average age value (almost 2 years). The best model to describe the growth in length of the individuals was the Logistic model. According to the parameters estimated from the growth curves, individuals from the most disturbed site showed slower growth although they reached greater maximum lengths than fish from the other sites. These results suggest that fish would tolerate the adverse conditions of the most altered sites, allocating their energy differentially. Our study provides valuable information on the age and growth patterns of C. decemmaculatus, a species endemic to the Neotropical region and a useful bioindicator in ecotoxicological studies.
Association between social support from workplace supervisors and symptoms of post‐traumatic stress disorder among Japanese midwives who experienced trauma during perinatal care
Authors: Higashi Chizuru , Iriyama Shigemi , Saw Yu Mon
Published: December 2024

Aim

This study examined the association between workplace supervisors' perceptions of social support and the post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among Japanese midwives who experienced trauma while providing perinatal care.

Methods

We employed a descriptive cross‐sectional design and collected data using a self‐reported questionnaire. Participants were 144 Japanese midwives working in hospitals. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman's correlation analysis, chi‐square tests, and a binomial logistic regression analysis.

Results

Ninety‐one midwives had experienced at least one traumatic event in the workplace within the past 12 months. Midwives in the high‐PTSD‐risk group (Impact of Event Scale–Revised [IES‐R] score ≥25) comprised 11% of the sample. The total score of perceived social support from the supervisor was negatively associated with the IES‐R total score (r = −0.213, p = .043). Social support from workplace supervisors was not associated with PTSD symptoms when adjusted for midwives experiencing verbal abuse or intimidating behavior from the mother or her family. Although not significant, midwives who had experienced verbal abuse or intimidation from mothers or their families were four times more likely to meet the criteria for the high‐PTSD‐risk group (odds ratio = 4.188, p = .07).

Conclusions

Perceived social support from workplace supervisors could reduce midwives' PTSD symptoms, but it was not effective for midwives traumatized by verbal abuse or intimidated from expectant mothers or their family members. It is important to establish an organizational and educational system that allows midwives to receive ongoing support from supervisors in the workplace.
Relationship between social identity and cultural competence among Mexican nursing professionals
Authors: Molina‐Sánchez Janeth Wendolyne , Pedrero Victor , Guevara‐Valtier Milton Carlos , Bernales Margarita
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Cultural competence in nursing is crucial for providing effective health care. Social Identity is the degree to which they identify with their professional group. Identifying with the group of nursing professionals allows nurses to connect with norms and values that favor the development of cultural competence. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between social identity and the level of cultural competence of nursing professionals.

Methodology

This was a cross‐sectional correlational study (n = 211). Sociodemographic data were measured, and Cameron's social identity scales and a cultural competence measurement scale were used. The data were analyzed using correlations and a structural equation model.

Results

The structural equation model demonstrated good fit (CFI = 0.94, TLI = 0.928 WRMR = 0.952, RMSEA = 0.058). The model indicated positive and significant relationships between social identity, cultural skills, and knowledge. However, it also revealed a negative and significant relationship between social identity and cultural awareness.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that greater identification with the nursing profession by nursing professionals is associated not only with higher levels of cultural knowledge and skills but also with lower levels of cultural awareness. This finding may be due to the fact that individuals seek to reinforce their professional identities when they feel that acknowledging their own personal biases represents a threat.

Clinical Relevance

This study contributes to the understanding of how social identity can be related in a different way to the components of cultural competence. This work recognizes the challenges in developing cultural awareness in nursing and suggests that its findings can inform interventions to improve patient care and relationships.
Long‐term outcomes and complication rates of tooth‐implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Dahlgren Simon , Johansson Carin Starkhammar , Sayardoust Shariel
Published: December 2024

Purpose

To examine the factors influencing the risk of biological and technical complications in tooth‐implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses (T‐I‐FDPs), focusing on location, configuration, and the impact of existing dental health conditions.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted, accompanied by a follow‐up clinical and radiological examination, involving 58 patients (37 women, 21 men; mean age: 63.4 years) who had received 68 T‐I‐FDPs at least 5 years earlier, at the Department of Prosthodontics, Centre of Oral Rehabilitation, Region Östergötland, Sweden. Correlations between implant placement specifics, arrangement of teeth and implants, and the presence of root‐filled teeth on the incidence of complications were analyzed.

Results

The analysis highlighted significant complication risk variance, based on the location in the jaw of the implant, with reduced risk for mandibular placements (Hazard ratio [HR] 0.37). Complex arrangements (HR 2.46) and the presence of root‐filled teeth (HR 1.48) were associated with higher complication rates.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that anatomical considerations and preexisting dental health significantly influence the risk of complications in T‐I‐FDPs. Mandibular implant placements showed a reduced risk of complications compared to maxillary placements. The presence of root‐filled teeth and complex prosthesis configurations were associated with higher complication rates. These findings highlight the need for customized treatment strategies to mitigate risks and enhance long‐term outcomes for patients with T‐I‐FDPs.
Effects of human presence on African mammal waterhole attendance and temporal activity patterns
Authors: Patterson J. R. , Ndlovu N. , Beasley J. C. , Périquet S.
Published: December 2024

Human impacts on the environment and wildlife populations are increasing globally, threatening thousands of species with extinction. While wildlife‐based tourism is beneficial for educating tourists, generating income for conservation efforts, and providing local employment, more information is needed to understand how this industry may impact wildlife. In this study, we used motion‐activated cameras at 12 waterholes on a private game reserve in northern Namibia to determine if the presence of humans and permanent infrastructure affected mammal visits by examining their (1) number of visits, (2) time spent, and (3) diel activity patterns. Our results revealed no differences in the number of visits based on human presence for any of the 17 mammal species studied. However, giraffes (Giraffe camelopardalis) spent more time at waterholes before observer presence compared to during. Additionally, several species changed diel activity patterns when human observers were present. Notably, several carnivore and ungulate species increased overlap in their activity patterns during periods while humans were present relative to when humans were absent. These modifications of mammal temporal activity patterns due to human presence could eventually lead to changes in community structure and trophic dynamics because of altered predator–prey interactions. As humans continue to expand into wildlife habitats, and wildlife‐based tourism increases globally, it is imperative that we fully understand the effects of anthropogenic pressures on mammal behavior. Monitoring of wildlife behavioral changes in response to human activity is crucial to further develop wildlife tourism opportunities in a way that optimizes the impact of conservation goals.
Black Fathers' Views on Breastfeeding Facilitators, Barriers, and Support Services: Insights From a Qualitative Community‐Based Participatory Research Study
Authors: Rios Jasmine , Frieson Tomeka , Ray Natasha , Edwards Doug , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael , O'Connor Duffany Kathleen
Published: December 2024

Despite the persistence of breastfeeding racial and ethnic disparities in the United States, little is known about Black fathers' perceptions of breastfeeding and breastfeeding support services (e.g., maternity hospital‐based care and lactation management care). This qualitative, community‐based participatory research study reports Black fathers' perceptions of barriers and facilitators to breastfeeding, including the provision of breastfeeding support services in Connecticut. A focus group guide was co‐developed with community partners and adapted from the Barrier Analysis Tool to identify breastfeeding facilitators, barriers, and service improvement areas. Four focus groups were conducted with 30 Black fathers who were Connecticut residents with a child under 3 years old. Qualitative data were analyzed using rapid template analysis involving deductive and inductive coding. We identified factors influencing breastfeeding and fathers' ability to support breastfeeding across all levels of the Socio‐Ecological Model. Facilitators included high paternal breastfeeding knowledge, paternal breastfeeding involvement, parents' shared decision‐making, extensive maternity hospital discharge support, ongoing breastfeeding support into the postnatal period, availability of community breastfeeding resources, and designated spaces for public breastfeeding. Barriers included low paternal breastfeeding knowledge, familial discouragement, insufficient prenatal breastfeeding education, exclusion of the father from breastfeeding support services, and stigma against breastfeeding in public. Understanding breastfeeding perceptions among members of a mother's support network, including their partners, is key for developing effective person‐ and family‐centered breastfeeding education and counseling services that are well coordinated from the prenatal to postnatal periods with strong direct engagement from fathers.
Advocating for Paid Maternity Leave and Workplace Lactation Policy Reform and Implementation: Lessons Learned From Indonesia, Nigeria, the Philippines and Vietnam
Authors: Anderson Michelle E. , McGowan Justine , Escobar‐DeMarco Jessica , Bose Sujata , Frongillo Edward A. , Ferguson Laura
Published: December 2024

Maternity protection policies are designed to preserve the health of working women and their infants, support optimal infant and young child nutrition through breastfeeding and prevent workplace discrimination against women. The aim of this study was to identify how advocates may be able to effectively advance maternal leave and workplace lactation policies, two key maternity protection policies, and does so through an exploration of advocacy efforts in Indonesia, Nigeria, the Philippines and Vietnam. A desk review of programme and policy documents and 20 key informant interviews with diverse stakeholders explored advocacy efforts in each of the four countries. Thematic analyses of documents and interviews identified key considerations, challenges and success factors within each country context. These lessons can inform maternity protection policy reform efforts more broadly. Study findings show that effective, context‐specific advocacy rests on strong partnerships with traditional and nontraditional stakeholders informed by opinion leader research and strengthened through various avenues of consensus‐building. Contextual considerations are essential for identifying attainable policy asks and developing an advocacy strategy, with attention to a country's governance structure and availability of funding for social protections. Lastly, advocacy efforts may be most successful by presenting expanded paid maternity leave and breastfeeding‐friendly workplaces as parts of a set of social protections with synergistic benefits. These lessons are intended to help inform how policy advocates can better design and implement advocacy approaches for maternity protection and entitlement policies.
Who belongs in South Africa? ‘Tapestry nationalism’ in the African National Congress
Authors: Jeffery‐Schwikkard David , Ndlovu Thabisani
Published: December 2024

Perhaps more than any other organisation, the African National Congress (ANC) has defined who belongs in South Africa. Yet, how does the organisation imagine national belonging, and how has this developed? We explore these questions through a discourse analysis of the organisation's annual ‘January 8’ statements. First, the ANC has historically embraced a ‘tapestry nationalist’ approach to belonging, which rejects majority–minority distinctions in favour of a single people and celebrates cultural diversity without reifying groups into distinct political constituencies. Second, while the ANC framed ‘the people’ as a militant democratic mass during the anti‐apartheid struggle, from the 1990s the organisation reimagined ‘the people’ primarily as economic subjects in need of services. Third, the avoidance of majority–minority distinctions is increasingly challenged by the political salience of racial inequalities in land ownership, to which the ANC has struggled to respond. The ANC's approach challenges common accounts of nationalism, such as liberal nationalism, multicultural nationalism, and post‐nationalism.
Long‐term mental health outcomes after corneal transplantation and potential predictors: A multicentre prospective cohort study
Authors: Elsman E. B. M. , Van der Aa H. P. A. , Billingy N. E. , Nieuwendaal C. , Wisse R. P. L. , Wijdh R. J. , Tang M. L. , Van Dooren B. T. H. , Nobacht S. , Nuijts R. M. M. A. , Van Rens G. H. M. B. , Van Nispen R. M. A.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

To evaluate the long‐term effect of corneal transplantation on mental health outcomes and to assess potential predictors of these outcomes.

Methods

For this multicentre prospective cohort study, patients awaiting corneal transplantation were recruited from 11 (academic) hospitals and eye clinics in the Netherlands. Participants (n = 238) completed the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES‐D), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale‐Anxiety subscale (HADS‐A) and the Dutch ICF Activity Inventory Emotional Health subscale (DAI‐EH) and Fatigue subscale (DAI‐F) 1 month prior and 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after corneal transplantation. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, as well as coping styles as measured with the Utrecht Coping List, were considered as potential predictors for mental health outcomes (depression, anxiety, emotional health problems and fatigue). Linear mixed models were used to analyse and predict symptoms of depression, anxiety, emotional health problems and fatigue over time.

Results

Scores on the CES‐D and HADS‐A improved significantly from baseline to 24‐months (mean scores CES‐D: 8.6 vs. 7.7, p = 0.03; mean scores HADS‐A: 3.7 vs. 3.2, p = 0.002). Scores on the DAI‐EH and DAI‐F also improved significantly from baseline to 24‐months (mean scores DAI‐EH: 10.7 vs. 7.5, p < 0.001; mean scores DAI‐F: 17.4 vs. 11.3, p < 0.001). Male sex and Fuchs' dystrophy were important predictors of better mental health outcomes, whereas comorbidity, (dry) eye complaints and a passive reacting coping style were important predictors of worse mental health outcomes.

Conclusion

Corneal transplantation had a positive impact on mental health outcomes and important predictors were identified. This study may improve the understanding of patients and eyecare practitioners about the effects of corneal transplantation, leading to realistic communication about corneal transplantation expectations.
Vertebral Column Decancellation for Correcting Cervicothoracic Kyphotic Deformity in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Yu Han , Wang Qi , Fan Yiming , Qi Dengbin , Wang Tianhao , Li Bing , Huang Yi , Wang Ze , Xue Chao , Zheng Guoquan
Published: December 2024

Objective

Surgery to correct the cervicothoracic kyphotic deformity in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) can be associated with serious neurovascular risks. According to the literature, there are no clinical reports documenting the use of vertebral column decancellation (VCD) in the treatment of cervicothoracic kyphotic deformity in patients with AS. The purpose of the present study was to retrospectively analyze and evaluate the effect of VCD on cervicothoracic kyphotic deformity in patients with AS.

Methods

Records of eight patients with cervicothoracic kyphotic deformity who underwent VCD at C7 in our institution were retrospectively reviewed. The mean duration of clinical follow‐up after surgery was 19 months. The cervical lordosis (CL) and C2–C7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were meticulously measured on full‐length spine radiographs. The chin‐brow vertical angle (CBVA) was measured on clinical photographs. Outcome measures utilized included the Neck Disability Index (NDI), the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) Score, and a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for neck pain. The data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0 for Windows. For paired data adhering to a normal distribution, we utilized paired sample t‐tests to analyze preoperative and postoperative imaging parameters. Statistical significance was established at a p value threshold of < 0.01.

Results

All eight patients successfully completed the surgery. With an average VCD osteotomy angle of 47.6° ± 8.1° (±SD), the mean preoperative CBVA was 81.1° ± 17.6° (±SD), while the immediate postoperative value was 19.9° ± 5.7° (±SD). The overall average correction was 61.2° ± 18.9°. The mean preoperative cervical sagittal imbalance was 93.4 ± 27.3 mm (±SD), while the immediate postoperative value was 40.2 ± 18.9 mm (±SD). The overall average correction was 53.2 ± 28.1 mm. None of the eight patients experienced intraoperative complications, including nerve or vascular injury, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, or any other related complications. In the cohort of eight patients, the mean values for estimated blood loss, surgical time, and hospital stay were 1313 mL, 248 min, and 18 days, respectively. In comparison to preoperative scores, statistically significant improvement was noted in all patients in the postoperative period with regard to NDI, JOA, and VAS (p < 0.01, using a paired t‐test).

Conclusion

The VCD procedure proves to be a dependable and efficient approach for addressing cervicothoracic kyphotic deformities. It achieves remarkable corrections in cervical kyphosis and CBVA.

Trial Registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: 2400090375
Association Between Food Allergy Status and Atopic Dermatitis Control and Persistence: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Pediatric Eczema Elective Registry
Authors: Wong Jessica J. , Margolis David J.
Published: December 2024

Atopic dermatitis (AD) and food allergies (FA) are closely linked manifestations of atopic disease, sharing immunological pathways that contribute to their chronicity and mutual exacerbation. However, the long‐term impact of FA on AD remains incompletely understood. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed 8015 children from the Pediatric Eczema Elective Registry (PEER), exploring the relationship between FA status as an exposure and AD control as an outcome at enrollment, as well as AD persistence as another outcome over 10 years. Our results indicate that at enrollment, children with any FA had significantly higher odds of having uncontrolled AD, and over the course of 10 years, they were more likely to experience persistent AD compared to those without any FA. These associations were particularly pronounced in subgroup analyses of milk, egg, and peanut allergies, highlighting the importance of recognizing FA as a significant prognostic factor in managing long‐term AD outcomes in comorbid cases.
Primary large B‐cell lymphoma of the central nervous system: A reappraisal of CD5‐positive cases based on clinical, pathological, and molecular evaluation
Authors: Yamada Seiji , Satou Akira , Tsuyuki Yuta , Iba Sachiko , Okumura Yuka , Ishikawa Eri , Ito Hideaki , Kogure Yasunori , Goto Naoe , Tanikawa Motoki , Shimada Kazuyuki , Tsukamoto Tetsuya , Karube Kennosuke , Yokoo Hideaki , Kataoka Keisuke , Tomita Akihiro , Mase Mitsuhito , Nakamura Shigeo
Published: December 2024

CD5 expression is seen in 5%–10% of de novo diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (DLBCLs). Primary large B‐cell lymphoma of the central nervous system (PCNS‐LBCL) also exhibits CD5 expression in a minority of cases, however, clinicopathological and molecular features remain largely unclarified. Here we present the clinical, molecular, and pathological features of 11 CD5‐positive (+) PCNS‐LBCL cases, occupying 6.7% of all 165 PCNS‐LBCLs diagnosed in our institutions. While CD5+ systemic DLBCL has been recognized as a distinctive subgroup showing an aggressive clinical course, no obvious differences were found between CD5+ and CD5‐negative subgroups among the present CNS patients clinically. MYD88 p.L265P and CD79B p.Y196 mutations were detected in eight (73%) and seven (64%) cases, respectively, supporting previous reports. Notably, the microenvironmental immune cells were universally PD‐L1/CD274‐positive, and the higher levels tended to present favorable overall survival, as already evidenced in the PCNS‐LBCL series. In contrast, neoplastic PD‐L1/CD274 expression was undetectable in all cases. Indeed, no structural variations or copy number alterations involving PD‐1 ligands were detected by targeted‐capture sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization. While further studies are warranted, we may have confirmed similarity between PCNS‐LBCLs and intravascular large B‐cell lymphomas from a molecular standpoint.
Sustainable coffee leaf rust management: The role of soil covering, conditioners and controlled‐release fertilizers
Authors: Resende Laís Sousa , Vilela Marina Scalioni , Pozza Edson Ampélio , Castanheira Dalyse Toledo , Voltolini Giovani B. , da Silva Larissa Cocato , Botrel Élberis Pereira , Diotto Adriano Valentim
Published: December 2024

Sustainable soil management to optimize water use and enhance nutrient uptake is a promising approach for decreasing the incidence of coffee leaf rust. This work analysed soil coverings, fertilizers and soil conditioners to optimize water usage and nutrients in coffee rust management. The experiment was set up in the field in January 2016, with seedlings of Coffea arabica ‘Mundo Novo IAC – 379‐19’, susceptible to rust. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with three replications and arranged in a 3 × 2 × 5 factorial scheme. We assessed the combination of three soil coverings (plastic film, Urochloa decumbens and bare soil), two fertilizer types (conventional and controlled release) and five soil conditioners (organic compound, coffee husk, agricultural gypsum, water‐retaining polymer and control without soil conditioner). The rust incidence and foliage progress curve were integrated into the area under the rust incidence or foliage progress curve. Additionally, we assessed the leaf area index and coffee yield. The association of U. decumbens with controlled‐release fertilizers and organic compound or coffee husk increased coffee foliage and yield despite higher disease incidence.
SlTCP29 and SlTCP24 participate in the morphological development of tomato compound leaves by integrating multiple pathways
Authors: Bi Mengxi , Wang Zhijun , Cheng Keyan , Meng Sida , Qi Mingfang
Published: December 2024

Leaves are the primary vegetative organs of plants, and their morphology is an important trait affecting plant architecture, light energy utilization, environmental adaptation, and fruit quality and yield. Leaf development is highly flexible; however, understanding the regulatory mechanisms of factors coordinating leaf morphogenesis and differentiation remains limited. In this study, we obtained a double mutant for SlTCP29 and SlTCP24 genes from the CRISPR/Cas9 mutant population, both belonging to the CINCINNATA‐like TCP (TEOSINTE BRANCHED, CYCLOIDEA and PCF1/2) transcription factor subfamily. Simultaneous mutations of SlTCP29 and SlTCP24 genes increase the complexity of tomato leaves, characterized by deeper leaf margin notches and increased number of leaflets. In conjunction with RNA‐seq analysis, determination of plant hormone content, and molecular interaction assays, we identified the KNOXII gene SlTKNII5, SlMIR164a, and 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid synthase gene SlACS1A as direct downstream targets of SlTCP29 and SlTCP24, among which SlTKNII5 can physically interact with other KNOXII members to form heterodimers. Our study provides insight into the mechanisms by which SlTCP29 and SlTCP24 are involved in the morphological development of tomato compound leaves by integrating multiple pathways, including transcription factor, microRNA, and phytohormone.
Grafting with non‐suckering rootstock increases drought tolerance in Corylus avellana L. through physiological and biochemical adjustments
Authors: Moine Amedeo , Chitarra Walter , Nerva Luca , Agliassa Chiara , Gambino Giorgio , Secchi Francesca , Pagliarani Chiara , Boccacci Paolo
Published: December 2024

Physiological and molecular mechanisms underpinning plant water stress responses still need deeper investigation. Particularly, the analysis of rootstock‐mediated signals represents a complex research field, offering potential applicative perspectives for improving the adaptation of fruit crops to environmental stresses. Nonetheless, fundamental knowledge on this subject needs to be widened, especially in some woody species, including European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L).

To fill these gaps, we inspected dynamic changes in gas exchanges and stem water potential of two hazelnut genotypes, the ‘San Giovanni’ cultivar (SG), the non‐suckering rootstock ‘Dundee’ (D), and their heterograft (SG/D), during a drought stress treatment followed by recovery. Biometric and anatomical traits were measured at the beginning and end of water stress imposition. Additionally, differences in abscisic acid and proline contents were analysed in leaves and roots taken from well‐irrigated, stressed and recovered plants, in combination with expression profiles of candidate genes.

Grafting with ‘Dundee’ rootstock positively affected the ability of ‘San Giovanni’ plants to endure drought by increasing their intrinsic water use efficiency and facilitating post‐rehydration recovery. Although anatomical adjustments occurred, we showed that the improved stress adaptation of grafted plants rather depended on biochemical modifications, resulting in increased root proline concentrations and leaf ABA accumulation both during water stress and recovery. We also proved that those metabolic changes were controlled by a differential reprogramming of genes involved in hormone metabolism and stress defence.

Grafting with non‐suckering rootstocks could therefore represent a promising and environmentally‐friendly strategy for improving the adaptability of hazelnut to water deficit.
Family function and depression in older adults with chronic comorbidities: the chain‐mediated role of cognitive fusion and coping styles
Authors: Jiao‐Mei Xue , Yang Li‐Hui , Sun Fei‐Fei , Su Jing
Published: December 2024

Background

This study explores the influence of family function on depression in older adults with chronic comorbidities and the mediating roles of cognitive fusion and coping styles.

Methods

The Family Adaptation Partnership Growth Affection and Resolve Index, Patient Health Questionnaire‐9, Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire‐Fusion, and Trait Coping Style Questionnaire were used to survey 448 community‐dwelling older adults with chronic comorbidities. A mediation test was conducted using the Process 4.0 macro program.

Results

Family function was found to be significantly and negatively correlated with cognitive fusion, maladaptive coping style, and depression. Cognitive fusion and maladaptive coping style were positively correlated with depression. Cognitive fusion was positively correlated with maladaptive coping styles. Family function affected depression directly; it also affected older adults' depression through two indirect paths: through the mediating role of cognitive fusion and the chain‐mediating role of both cognitive fusion and maladaptive coping style.

Conclusions

Family function in older adults can influence their levels of depression, which is mediated by cognitive fusion and maladaptive coping styles. Based on these findings, interventions to prevent and alleviate depression in older adults with chronic disease comorbidities can be offered to improve their well‐being.
Governance and global collaboration in non‐democratic countries
Authors: Ali Hamid E.
Published: December 2024

The concept of good governance (GG) has emerged from the corridors of global institutions, influencing changes, particularly in non‐democratic countries. This paper uses both qualitative and quantitative approaches to address the following question: To what extent does global collaboration (GC) impact governance in non‐democratic countries? The paper incorporates proxies for GC, more deeply exploring the dynamics and frameworks that link GC and governance. The GC variables measuring institutional globalization have a positive impact on governance, while global openness and information globalization have a negative impact. These mixed results invite further research on governance and GC. However, the national visions can set the stage for future agendas that combine partnership, collaboration, transparency, and innovation to achieve GG.
Associations between dyadic language style matching and classroom observations of behaviorally inhibited children's sociability
Authors: Sem Kathy , Shakiba Nila , Rubin Kenneth H. , Novick Danielle R. , Druskin Lindsay R. , Smith Kelly , Danko Christina M. , Chronis‐Tuscano Andrea , Wagner Nicholas J.
Published: December 2024

Children's sociability, the motivation and ability to initiate and maintain social interactions, influences how children navigate their social worlds. When sociability supports interactions, it contributes to social competence and positive social‐emotional outcomes. Although a substantial body of literature characterizes how specific parenting behaviors have an early and lasting influence on children's social development, far fewer studies have considered how characteristics of, and interactions within the parent‐child dyad influence children's sociability. For example, matching affect and behaviors during dyadic interactions may provide insight into children's openness to affiliate, and these interactions provide opportunities to model and practice responses to behavioral and emotional cues common in social interactions. One novel approach to characterizing behavioral matching in dyadic interactions is language style matching (LSM), a linguistic construct characterizing the similarity of subconscious speech patterns (i.e., function words) between members of dyads during social interaction. Although researchers have established links between LSM and other characteristics of the dyad known to influence children's social development (e.g., attachment quality), whether and how LSM predicts children's adaptive sociability among peers is currently unknown. Therefore, we examined the associations between parent‐child LSM and classroom observations of children's sociability among 151 preschoolers with elevated behavioral inhibition. Results indicated that LSM is positively associated with observed sociability in the company of classmates over and above other aspects of the parent‐child relationship (e.g., parenting). Results supported LSM as an indicator of behavioral matching and contributed to the growing body of research that considers the implications of LSM for children's social development.
State‐Crafted Dominant Fictions: How Bad Documents, Gut Feelings, and Selective Intelligence Shape Border Control in Europe
Authors: Lindberg Annika , Borrelli Lisa Marie
Published: December 2024

This article details how knowledge is produced, circulated, and acted upon by migration control officials working in different sites of the European border regime. Drawing on research into the politics of knowledge in border and migration control, along with studies of street‐level bureaucracy, we trace the knowledge mobilised to craft state fictions that form the basis of border bureaucrats' decision‐making. Empirically, the article builds on research carried out in three different projects that all explore how borders are enacted across Europe and beyond. It details how knowledge is produced at the rear and frontline of border and migration control, and traces how ‘bad documents’, gut feelings, and informal administrative practices informed by racialized and class‐based suspicions are mobilised for decision‐making. Sources matter less in such state‐crafted dominant fictions, which instead obtain their legitimacy through bureaucratic circulation and inscription and make them ‘true enough’ for officials to act upon.
Party digitalization and website features: a comparative study of party organizations
Authors: Lisi Marco
Published: December 2024

The emergence of new digital tools has brought about a revolution in party organizations. However, the literature is still lacking comparative studies that utilize comprehensive theoretical frameworks and consider variations in the supply‐side of party digitalization. This paper addresses both shortcomings by turning the spotlight on party websites. By relying on data from the Political Party Database, we delve into the determinants of website functionalities across a spectrum of diverse political parties. Our findings underscore that parties with less centralized leadership and affiliated to the left of the ideological spectrum tend to display websites with a broader range of functions. Moreover, younger parties also tend to present more complex websites, although this effect is mitigated by their electoral strength. Notably, a common thread among most parties is the use of their websites for mobilizing human and financial resources, while interactive features remain less prevalent.
Evolution and Driving Mechanisms of the Integrated Development of Traditional and New Infrastructure: Evidence From China
Authors: Pan Yaru , Long Limin , Wang Yingdong
Published: December 2024

Promoting the integration of traditional and new infrastructure to establish a coordinated modern infrastructure system is crucial for promoting high‐quality economic development. Using provincial‐level panel data, this study employs the entropy method, coupling coordination degree model, and spatial econometric models to investigate spatial–temporal trends and driving mechanisms of the integrated development of traditional and new infrastructure in China from 2008 to 2020. The findings reveal that while the overall development level of China's traditional and new infrastructure has steadily improved, it remains relatively low. Second, the integrated development of traditional and new infrastructure remains in the middle‐ and low‐integration stages. Third, spatial analysis highlights a significant positive correlation in integrated development across regions, forming a semi‐enclosed spatial distribution pattern. Finally, urbanization, informatization, industrial structure, government management, and technological innovation are important mechanisms driving the integrated development of traditional and new infrastructure. Our research provides a foundation for policies aimed at advancing infrastructure integration and fostering regional economic coordination.