bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of Sodium Oxybate in Isolated Focal Laryngeal Dystonia: A Phase IIb Double‐Blind Placebo‐Controlled Cross‐Over Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Simonyan Kristina , O'Flynn Lena C. , Hamzehei Sichani Azadeh , Frucht Steven J. , Rumbach Anna F. , Sharma Nutan , Song Phillip C. , Worthley Alexis
Published: November 2024

Objective

To examine the efficacy and safety of sodium oxybate versus placebo in a phase IIb randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled 2‐period cross‐over clinical trial in patients with isolated laryngeal dystonia (LD).

Methods

The study was conducted from January 2018 to December 2021, pausing during the COVID‐19 pandemic, at Massachusetts Eye and Ear in 106 patients with alcohol‐responsive (EtOH+) and alcohol‐non‐responsive (EtOH−) LD (53 to receive 1.5g of sodium oxybate first, 53 to receive matching placebo first). The primary outcome was a change from baseline in LD symptom severity 40 minutes after drug intake. Safety was based on vital signs, cognitive function, suicidality, daytime sleepiness, and adverse events. Patients, investigators, and outcome assessors were masked to study procedures.

Results

Compared to baseline, EtOH+ but not EtOH− patients had a statistically significant improvement in LD symptoms following sodium oxybate versus placebo (EtOH+: 98.75% confidence interval [CI] = 0.6–26.9; p = 0.008; EtOH−: 98.75% CI = −6.2 to 18.7; p = 0.42). Statistically significant minimum drug efficacy in EtOH+ patients was found at ≥16% symptom improvement (OR = 2.09; 98.75% CI = 0.75–5.80; p = 0.036), with an average of 40.81% benefits (98.75% CI = 34.7–48.6). Drug efficacy waned by 300 minutes after intake without a rebound. No changes were found in cognitive function, suicidality, or vital signs. Common adverse events included mild dizziness, nausea, and daytime sleepiness.

Interpretation

Sodium oxybate showed clinically meaningful improvement of symptoms in EtOH+ LD patients, with acceptable tolerability. Sodium oxybate offers the first pathophysiologically relevant oral treatment for laryngeal dystonia. ANN NEUROL 2025;97:329–343
Polymeric Iodine Transport Layer Enabled High Areal Capacity Dual Plating Zinc‐Iodine Battery
Authors: Yin Dandan , Li Boyang , Zhao Lanya , Gao Na , Zhang Yanan , Feng Jie , Cui Xiaofeng , Xiao Chunhui , Su Yaqiong , Xi Kai , Ding Shujiang , Zhao Hongyang
Published: November 2024

Iodine cathode in aqueous battery has drawn great attention due to its high energy density and high safety. However, iodine has extremely low conductivity of 1×10−7 S cm−1, which usually results in low specific capacity. In this work, a PVA‐hydrogel layer was designed to enhance the areal capacity of zinc‐iodine cell. The areal capacity of PVA‐hydrogel layer modified CNT cathode showed twice as higher capacity than that of pure CNT film in a dual‐plating cell, The significant enhancement of the capacity was attributed to the fast iodine transport in the PVA‐hydrogel layer. Besides, the strong interaction between PVA chain and polyiodide anions prevented the shuttle effect. The PVA modified CNT cathode could stably operate for over 3000 hours with remarkably higher capacity and cycle life. We analyzed the uniquely fast transport behavior of polyiodides in PVA hydrogel by in situ Raman spectroscopy, in situ optical micrography, as well as DFT calculations. It was found that the strong binding force together with lower dissociation energy of iodine on PVA chain is the dominate reason for reduced shuttle effect and fast polyiodide transport. As a result, the assembled PVA‐I2 pouch cells showed excellent performance in both dual‐plating cells and conventional‐type cells.
CO2‐Assisted Controllable Synthesis of PdNi Nanoalloys for Highly Selective Hydrogenation of Biomass‐Derived 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Guo Ruichao , Zeng Yongjian , Lin Lu , Hu Di , Lu Chunqiang , Conroy Stuart , Zhang Suyu , Zeng Chen , Luo Huixia , Jiang Zhiwei , Zhang Xiaolei , Tu Xin , Yan Kai
Published: November 2024

The selective hydrogenation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5‐bishydroxymethyltetrahydrofuran (BHMTHF), a vital fuel precursor and solvent, is crucial for biomass refining. Herein, we report highly selective and stable PdNi nanoalloy catalysts for this deep hydrogenation process. A CO2‐assisted green method was developed for the controllable synthesis of various bimetallic and monometallic catalysts. The PdNi/SBA‐15 catalysts with various Pd/Ni ratios exhibited a volcano‐like trend between BHMTHF yield and Pd/Ni ratio. Among all catalysts tested, Pd2Ni1/SBA‐15 achieved the best performance, converting 99.0 % of HMF to BHMTHF with 96.0 % selectivity, surpassing previously reported catalysts. Additionally, the Pd2Ni1/SBA‐15 catalyst maintained excellent stability even after five recycling runs. Catalyst characterizations (e. g., HAADF‐STEM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed the successful formation of the alloy structure with electron transfer between Ni and Pd, which accounts for the remarkable performance and stability of the catalyst. This work paves the way for developing highly selective and stable alloy catalysts for biomass valorization.
One‐Step Maleimide‐Based Dual Functionalization of Protein N‐Termini
Authors: Hanaya Kengo , Taguchi Kazuaki , Wada Yuki , Kawano Masaki
Published: November 2024

Maleimide derivatives are privileged reagents for chemically modifying proteins through the Michael addition reaction with cysteine due to their selectivity, operational simplicity, and commercial availability. However, since accessible free cysteine is rarely found in natural proteins, it is highly desirable to find alternative targets to enable direct bioconjugation of proteins with maleimides. In this study, we have developed an operationally simple and straightforward method for the N‐terminal modification of proteins without the need for mutagenesis via a copper(II)‐mediated [3+2] cycloaddition reaction with maleimides and 2‐pyridinecarboxaldehyde (2‐PCA) derivatives under non‐denaturing conditions at pH 6 and 37 °C in aqueous media. Our method utilizes commercially available maleimides to attach diverse functionalities to various N‐terminal amino acids. We demonstrate the preparation of a ternary protein complex cross‐linked at the N‐termini and dually modified trastuzumab equipped with monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), a cytotoxic agent, and a Cy5 fluorophore (MMAE‐Cy5‐trastuzumab). MMAE‐Cy5‐trastuzumab retained human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) recognition activity and exerted cytotoxicity against HER2‐positive cells. Furthermore, MMAE‐Cy5‐trastuzumab allowed successful visualization of HER2‐positive cancer cells in mouse tumors. This straightforward method will expand the accessibility of protein conjugates with well‐defined structures in a wide range of research fields.
The first ontogenetic model for non‐crocodylomorph loricatans, based on osteohistology of the ontogenetic series of Prestosuchus chiniquensis from the Middle Triassic of Brazil
Authors: de Farias Brodsky Dantas Macedo , Carlisbino Thiago , Mastrantonio Bianca Martins , Desojo Julia Brenda , Schultz Cesar Leandro , Soares Marina Bento
Published: November 2024

Prestosuchus chiniquensis is an iconic non‐crocodylomorph loricatan from the Brazilian Triassic beds and the best‐known taxon, represented by several specimens. The completeness and preservation of its skeleton make it a valuable taxon for paleobiological studies. We explore the microstructure of bone tissues of appendicular elements and ribs of three specimens of Prestosuchus to access a variety of aspects of its paleobiology, such as histovariability, ontogeny, and growth patterns. Integrating our data and other osteohistologically studied P. chiniquensis specimens, we proposed for the first time an ontogenetic model for non‐crocodylomorph loricatans. The model encompasses six distinct age classes (I–VI) that allow us to infer the growth patterns of P. chiniquensis and possibly expand to other phylogenetically close taxa. During early ontogeny (age classes I–II), sustained fast growth was maintained by a fibrolamellar complex. In mid ontogeny (age classes III–IV), highly vascularized parallel‐fibered bone predominates, suggesting intermediary growth rates. A change for a poorly vascularized parallel‐fibered/lamellar bone would mark the attainment of sexual (age classes IV–V) and skeletal maturity, comprising the age class VI. An external fundamental system (EFS) present in the outermost cortex is the main histological feature that characterize the age class VI. Major histovariability features are present between appendicular bones and ribs of skeletally immature individuals. The most prominent of them is the presence of fibrolamellar complex and highly vascularized parallel‐fibered bone in appendicular bones and poorly vascularized parallel‐fibered bone in ribs. In advanced ontogenetic stages, the histovariability between appendicular bones and ribs tends to be minor. Our data also support previous hypothesis of the presence of one new taxon among the specimens assigned to P. chiniquensis, increasing the diversity of non‐crocodylomorph loricatans. The new taxon, represented by the specimen UFRGS‐PV‐0152‐T, awaits a formal anatomical description. Our study advances the preliminary understand of the ontogeny and growth patterns of non‐crocodylomorphs loricatans and Pseudosuchia as a whole.
Enhancing cross‐cultural educational awareness: Experimental study on immersive experiences using virtual reality
Authors: Chen Qingwen
Published: November 2024

The current cross‐cultural education still faces problems such as low awareness and ability in cross‐cultural education, low cultural sensitivity, shallow awareness of cross‐cultural differences and poor cross‐cultural ability to cooperate with others. The significance of this study lies in enhancing awareness and abilities in cross‐cultural education to improve the current state of cross‐cultural education and promote cross‐cultural communication and understanding. The paper used Unity to build a virtual scene, and then selected 120 college students as research subjects and divided them into three classes: virtual reality immersive experience group (Class 1); traditional learning group (Class 2); and flipped classroom group (Class 3). A comparative experiment was designed. The research results found that the average scores of cultural differences and cultural conflict sensitivity among students in Class 1 reached 89.33 and 91.54, respectively. The average scores of cultural differences and cultural conflict sensitivity among students in Class 2 were 73.68 and 76.26, respectively. The average scores of cultural differences and cultural conflict sensitivity among students in Class 3 were 78.05 and 77.00, respectively. In addition, the cognitive depth and adaptability to cross‐cultural cooperation of Class 1 students who use immersive virtual reality experiences are significantly better than those of the other two classes. The research results indicate that using immersive virtual reality experiences for cross‐cultural education can help improve students' awareness and ability in cross‐cultural education, increase their cultural sensitivity, enhance their cognitive level of cultural differences and enhance their cross‐cultural cooperation ability.
Light Harvesting Materials: A Study on Förster Resonance Energy Transfer and Optoelectronic Properties of Potential Nerium oleander Flowers
Authors: Harshitha. D. , Kumar Anil , Renuka C. G.
Published: November 2024

The present study focused on extracting the anthocyanin dyes in ethanol, acidic ethanol, methanol, and acidic methanol solvents from Nerium oleander flowers by a simple maceration extraction process. FTIR spectroscopy and vibrational studies have confirmed the existence of polyphenolic groups in 2‐phenyl chromenylium (anthocyanin) dyes. The optoelectronic results show the least direct bandgap (2.89 eV), indirect bandgap (1.98 eV), Urbach energy (0.120 eV), high refractive index (1.654), dielectric constant (3.294) and high optical conductivity (1.813 103 S/m) for the anthocyanin dye extracted found in acidic ethanol solvent. The photoluminescence properties such as Stokes' shift, quantum yield, and lifetime results show that anthocyanin dyes are promising candidates for red‐LEDs and optical materials. The excellent correspondence between the absorption and emission spectra reinforces that the anthocyanins are efficient (89%) FRET probes. Further, the donor and acceptor undergo redshift in excitation and emission spectra in all studied solvents. The photometric properties such as CIE, CRI, CCT and color purity results of anthocyanins in all studied solvents revealed that this material exhibits pink to red shades (x = 0.40 → 0.50 and y = 0.46 → 0.39) and is well suitable for have great potential in the manufacturing of Organic‐LEDs and other optoelectronic device applications.
A Simple and Rapid HPLC Method Development for Quantification of Sodium Benzoate Content in Chlorzoxazone Oral Solid Dosage Forms
Authors: Lankalapalli Prasanna Kumar , Kamireddy Teja , Sambu Pranitha
Published: November 2024

The present study discusses the development of a simple, rapid, and specific HPLC method for the estimation of sodium benzoate in chlorzoxazone tablet dosage formulations. The current developed HPLC method was validated as per the current ICH guidelines. The chromatographic separation was achieved using a 0.02‐M phosphate buffer adjusted to pH 3.0 with orthophosphoric acid as the buffer. Mobile phase A consisted of 100% buffer, and mobile phase B was a mixture of acetonitrile and buffer in a ratio of 80:20 (v/v). The column temperature was maintained at 30°C, the sample cooler at 25°C, and the flowrate at 0.8 mL min−1. The injection volume was 10 μL. The UV detection was performed at 230 nm for Sodium benzoate. The validated HPLC method was highly specific, with linearity ranging between 1.2 and 7.5 μg/mL for sodium benzoate, and the correlation coefficient was found to be > 0.999. The method showed high accuracy, exceeding 97%. The results demonstrate the successful applicability of the current method for the estimation of sodium benzoate in marketed formulations, which can be extended to assess other formulation systems. The developed method was validated as per international ICH guidelines with respect to specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness. The method was applied to the analysis of stability samples.
Exploring Antimalarial and Cytotoxic Activities of Hibiscus cannabinus and Corchorus capsularis Extracts Through In‐Vitro and In‐Silico Approaches
Authors: Brahma Mettle , Barooah Prajjalendra , Maruthi Mulaka
Published: November 2024

Malaria is an infectious disease, endemic to tropical and sub‐tropical regions causing half a million people's deaths every year. Bioactive compounds derived from medicinal plants are used to treat malaria disease and its complications. H. cannabinus and C. capsularis are two edible medicinal plants widely cultivated throughout the state of Assam in India. In this study, in‐vitro and in‐silico investigations were performed to explore the anti‐malarial activity of the plant extracts against Plasmodium falciparum with its validation of hemocompatibility on human RBC. We report H. cannabinus and C. capsularis extracts possess highly potent antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum with IC50 values of 3.80 ± 0.3 and 7.90 ± 0.8 µg/mL, respectively. The plant extracts showed growth inhibition of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells, no toxicity on non‐cancerous Vero cells, and no hemolytic activity on human RBCs. The GC‐MS analysis detected bioactive compounds 2‐pyrazoline‐3‐carboxylic acid; 5‐hydroxy‐1‐(4‐methyl benzoyl)‐5‐phen 5‐oxo‐1‐phenyl‐4H‐pyrazole‐3‐carboxylic acid; 9‐oximino‐2,7‐diethoxyfluorene; and nonane‐diamide, n, n'‐di‐benzoyloxy in H. cannabinus; and, (+)‐sesamin; tetrahydropyran‐4‐carboxylic acid, 4‐phenyl‐, (3‐chloro‐4‐methylphenyl; and safrole in C. capsularis. In in‐silico study, antimalarial compounds in the extracts were predicted to have good binding affinities with docking score of <−7.5 kcal/mol on Falcipain‐2, and Cytchrome c2 proteins that promotes the growth and invasion of P. falciparum.
Plant Origin Source, Content Profile and Bioactivity of Podophyllotoxin as an Important Natural Anticancer Agent
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhao Dan , Yin Dongxue , Duan Kai , Wang Zhihao
Published: November 2024

Pharmacological studies have shown that podophyllotoxin (PTOX) has anti‐tumor, antiviral, and anti‐inflammatory effects. More and more derivatives of PTOX, such as VM‐26, NK‐611 and GL‐331, have gradually been synthesized and are widely used in clinical practice. Sinopodophyllum hexandrum rhizome is rich in PTOX, which is much higher than other PTOX source plants. At present, research on S. hexandrum mainly focuses on artificial cultivation, chemical composition, pharmaceutical value, and the biosynthesis pathway of PTOX. However, the researches are relatively scattered, and systematic review on PTOX is very limited. Therefore, this study performed a comprehensive investigation of the plant origin source, content profile, and biological activities to provide an integrated reference for in‐depth research and clinical application of PTOX in the fields of chemistry and pharmacy, which can promote the innovative use of S. hexandrum resources and research and development of new anticancer drugs.
Electro‐Oxidative Extraction of Methanol from Lignin Using a Three‐Dimensional Graphite Anode
Authors: Xiong Zichun , Kobayashi Kazuyo , Miyawaki Aki , Teranishi Shinya , Sawada Yoshiharu , Hibino Takashi
Published: November 2024

This paper reports an electrochemical approach that uses lignin as a resource for renewable and sustainable methanol production. The aromatic rings of lignin have methoxy substituents, which can be oxidatively demethylated to methanol by active oxygen produced at the anode. A graphite electrode fabricated in a sponge form provided sufficient reaction space for the lignin feedstock, efficiently generated active oxygen species from water, and considerably suppressed the overoxidation of methanol to carbon dioxide. As a result, the methanol yield reached approximately 70 % at a temperature of 75 °C, atmospheric pressure, and anode potential of +0.57 V. Another advantage of this technique is that hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) occurred at the cathode and the cathode potential was held at approximately −0.5 V during the HER. Therefore, the cell voltage required for lignin electrolysis was 1.1 V or lower, which means that hydrogen as well as methanol was produced under mild conditions.
Recent Advances in the Development of Indolizine Scaffolds: Synthetic Methodology and Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Huang Jiuzhong , Li Chunsheng , Li Xiaoning , Li Guangyu , Yang Ziyi , Yu Yinke , Xie Yanping , Huang Hao , Yu Fuchao , He Zhihua
Published: November 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Indolizine is a nitrogen‐containing heterocycle with strong aromaticity, possessing a delocalized 10π‐electron system. Based on the indolizine scaffolds, numerous molecules with biological activity and organic functional materials have been synthesized. Since 2016, over 110 papers have been published on the synthesis of indolizine scaffolds, but the reviews on synthesizing indolizine scaffolds have been incomplete and not up‐to‐date. Herein, from the perspective of the structure of indolizine with the combination of pyrrole and pyridine ring, we focus on the construction of indolizine scaffolds through the diversity of starting substrates, including pyridine derivatives (N1‐substituted pyridinium salt derivatives, C2‐substituted pyridine derivatives, N1‐ and C2‐free substituted pyridine derivatives), pyrrole derivatives and unoriginal ring substrates. Furthermore, the corresponding reaction mechanisms of synthetic methodologies are also elaborated. Therefore, this review not only paves the way for indolizine synthesis but also provides insight into exploring new reaction modes for constructing nitrogen‐containing heterocycles.

Key Scientists

Indolizine was discovered by Angeli in 1890 and first prepared by Scholtz in 1912 from α‐picoline and acetic anhydride. A general approach was developed by Chichibabin in 1927, that is of practical value for the preparation of 2‐alkyl‐ or 2‐arylindolizines. The Chichibabin reaction was the ring closure of quaternary pyridinium halides. At the begining of the 21st century, Basavaiah introduced a new dimension in the Baylis‐Hillman chemistry leading to a novel facile convenient methodology for synthesis of indolizine scaffolds in one‐pot operation. In 2010, Barluenga reported Cu(I)‐catalyzed regioselective [3+2] cyclization of unsubstituted pyridines toward alkenyldiazoacetates leading to functionalized indolizine derivatives, that was the first successful example of metal‐catalyzed cyclization of a π‐deficient heterocyclic system with alkenyldiazo compounds. In 2019 and 2022, Xi and Liu exploited the methods of non‐pyridine derivatives as starting materials to synthesize indolizines, respectively. In 2022, Guo developed an environmentally benign electrooxidative approach for constructing formyl‐ and acyl‐substituted indolizines.
Polymer Degradation via a Mechanochemical Gating Strategy
Authors: Liang Xiaojing , Qian Hai
Published: November 2024

The extensive use of plastics, valued for their lightweight, durability, and cost‐effectiveness, has led to severe environmental pollution, with 72% of plastic waste ending up in landfills or natural habitats. Traditional methods for plastic decomposition, including both mechanical and chemical approaches, often face challenges such as incomplete degradation and stability concerns. The innovative concept of mechanical gating presents a promising solution by incorporating mechanophores into polymer structures, enabling controlled degradation. Recent advancements have focused on utilizing mechanophores, such as cyclobutane, as "door locks" to regulate the degradation process. This perspective highlights recent progress in this field, demonstrating the potential of mechanophore‐based strategies for achieving on‐demand polymer degradation. It addresses the limitations of conventional recycling methods and explores how this approach can balance polymer stability with environmental degradability, paving the way for more sustainable plastic management solutions.

Early Day Record
Influencers and prosocial luxury dynamics
Authors: Cenizo Coral
Published: November 2024

Prosocial and sustainable behaviors have emerged as key elements for luxury brands today, catalyzing a significant transformation in their strategies. In this context, the present study investigates whether influencers are reflecting these brands' efforts to align their image with ethical and sustainable values and, if so, determining the engagement level generated by such posts. Two types of analysis are employed on social media content: topic analysis using Latent Dirichlet Allocation and regression. The findings indicate that influencers do mention issues related to the prosocial and sustainable domain when discussing luxury brands, although not predominantly. However, these types of posts do not generate higher engagement, with this indicator being moderated by the type of influencer. These results challenge the effectiveness of prosocial content, underscoring the need for a more nuanced evaluation. In the business sphere, brands must strategically consider the inclusion of prosocial and sustainable content, tailoring their approaches based on the influencer type to optimize the impact on engagement.
A Solid Electrolyte Based on Sodium‐Doped Li4‐xNaxTi5O12 with PVDF for Solid State Lithium Metal Battery
Authors: Chen Qiyue , Lv Haitao , Peng Jun , Zhou Qi , Wu Wenzhuo , Wang Jing , Liu Lili , Fu Lijun , Chen Yuhui , Wu Yuping
Published: November 2024

Solid‐state batteries (SSBs) present a potential pathway for advancing next‐generation lithium batteries, characterized by exceptional energy density and enhanced safety performance. Solid‐state electrolytes have been extensively researched, yet an affordable option with outstanding electrochemical performance is still lacking. In this work, Li4‐xNaxTi5O12 (LNTO)‐based composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) were developed to enhance the interface stability and electronic insulation. The CSE is composed of Li3.88Na0.12Ti5O12 (LNTO3) and poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) with a proportion of 20 wt % exhibited high ionic conductivity (4.49×10−4 S cm−1 at a temperature value equal to 35 °C), high ionic transfer number (equal to 0.72), low activation energy (equal to 0.192 eV), and favorable compatibility with the Li metal anode. The Li|LNTO3|LiFePO4 cell, tested at a 0.5 C current density, demonstrated 154.5 mAh g−1 of outstanding cycling stability for 200 cycles, capacity retention of 97.6 % along with a Coulombic efficiency of over 99 %, as well as a significant average specific capacity of 127.8 mAh g−1 over 400 cycles at 5 C. The Li|LNTO3|LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cell could also operate over 100 cycles at 1 C. This study offers an effective method for preparing commercial CSEs for SSBs.
Global dynamics of functional composition in CITES‐traded reptiles
Authors: Meeks Dominic , Morton Oscar , Edwards David P.
Published: November 2024

Global wildlife trade is a billion‐dollar industry, with millions of individuals traded annually from a diversity of taxa, many of which are directly threatened by trade. Reptiles exhibiting desirable life‐history or aesthetic traits, such as large body sizes or colorful morphologies, are traded preferentially. A key issue is understanding geographic and temporal variation between desirable species traits and their trade. Poor understanding of this can generalize patterns of consumer trait preferences and conceal functional consequences of wild harvest in ecosystems. Using records of legal, international trade in Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)‐listed reptiles between 2000 and 2020, we examine geographic and temporal variation in the functional composition of traded assemblages, both captive‐ and wild‐sourced, identifying key hotspots and routes of functional diversity in trade. We also identify associations between functional traits and species presence in trade. We find that functionally diverse trade assemblages are exported primarily from the tropics, with hotspots in sub‐Saharan Africa, and imported across Asia, Europe, and North America. Patterns of functional composition in trade remained broadly stable from 2000 to 2020. Globally, the species most likely to be traded were large, fecund, generalists. Sustained wild harvest of functionally diverse reptilian assemblages in trade hotspots, such as Madagascar and Indonesia, places substantial pressure on large‐bodied reptiles that fulfill important ecological functions, including population control and nutrient cycling, while also endangering harvest‐vulnerable species with slow life histories. Despite limited species‐specific descriptions of reptilian ecological functions, management in harvest hotspots can safeguard ecosystem functioning by prioritizing protection for threatened species that contribute disproportionately to local and regional functional diversity.
Divergent trajectories of regeneration in early‐successional forests after logging and wildfire
Authors: Bowd Elle J. , McBurney Lachlan , Lindenmayer David B.
Published: November 2024

Increases in forest disturbances have altered global forest demography rates, with many regions now characterized by extensive areas of early‐successional forest. Heterogeneity in the structure, diversity, and composition of early‐successional forests influence their inherent ecological values from immediately following disturbance to later successional stages, including values for biodiversity and carbon storage. Here, using 14 years of longitudinal data, we describe patterns in the structure, richness, and composition of early‐successional forests subject to one of three different disturbance types: (1) clearcut logging followed by slash burn, (2) severe wildfire followed by salvage logging, and (3) severe wildfire only, in the Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans) and Alpine Ash (Eucalyptus delegatensis) forests of southeastern Australia. We also documented the influence of disturbance intervals (short, medium, and long) on early‐successional forests. Our analyses revealed several key differences between forests that regenerated from wildfire versus two different anthropogenic perturbations. Most ash‐type plant communities were resilient to wildfire within historical fire‐regimes (75–150 years), exhibiting temporal trends of recovery in plant structure, richness, and composition within the first decade. In contrast, the richness, occurrence, and abundance of some plant lifeforms and life history traits were negatively associated with clearcut logging and salvage logging, relative to forests disturbed by wildfire alone. These included resprouting species, such as tree ferns and ground ferns. However, Acacia spp. and shrubs were more abundant after clearcut logging. Our findings also provide evidence of the pronounced negative impact of salvage logging on early‐successional plant communities, relative to that of both clearcut logging and wildfire. Notably, plant richness declined for over a decade after salvage logging, rather than increased as occurred following other disturbance types. Early‐successional forests provide the template for the stand structure and composition of mature forests. Therefore, altered patterns of recovery with different disturbance types will likely shape the structure and function of later‐successional stages. Predicted increases in wildfire will increase the generation of early‐successional forests and subsequent salvage logging. Therefore, it is pertinent that management consider how different disturbance types can produce alternate states of forest composition and structure early in succession, and the implications for mature stands.
Event‐Triggered Robust Control of Robot Manipulators
Authors: Zhao Xiao‐Xuan , Yang Zi‐Jiang
Published: November 2024

This paper proposes a new event‐triggered robust control system for robot manipulators, based on two event‐triggered mechanisms (ETMs), which lead to intermittent communication not only for the sensor‐to‐controller channel but also for the controller‐to‐actuator channel. The proposed control system enjoys the advantage of requiring fewer resources of data communication and less signal updating of the control actuators. The control performance of the proposed control system is analyzed based on the Lyapunov approach. Furthermore, the absence of the Zeno behavior in the triggering sequence is proved rigorously. Finally, experiments are carried out on a two‐link robot manipulator system to support the theoretical results.
Effects of sodium–glucose co‐transporter inhibitors on individual clinical endpoints and quality of life
Authors: Liao Jia , Chen Yang , Ling Zhiyu , Pürerfellner Helmut , Martinek Martin , Derndorfer Michael , Niel Johannes , Ebrahimi Ramin , Heukäufer Matthias , Janschel Sarah , Di Vece Davide , Empen Klaus , Hummel Astrid , Chamling Bishwas , Futyma Piotr , Ebrahimi Fahim , Kiuchi Márcio G. , Liu Shaowen , Yin Yuehui , Schratter Alexandra , Acou Willem‐Jan , Sommer Philipp , Schmidt Boris , Chun Julian K. R. , Meyer Christian , Dörr Marcus , Templin Christian , Chen Shaojie
Published: November 2024

Aims

Sodium–glucose co‐transporter inhibitors (SGLTis) have cardiovascular protective effects. We aimed to assess the effects of SGLTis on individual hard clinical endpoints and quality of life (QoL) in patients with cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods and Results

Data was searched in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and clinicaltrials.gov databases up to February 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing SGLTis with placebo were included. The primary outcomes were individual hard clinical endpoints (Subset A) and QoL (Subset B). For Subset A, 13 RCTs including 90 413 patients were enrolled (age 66 ± 10.1 years, 35.7% female, follow‐up 2.4 ± 0.3 years); as compared with placebo, SGLTis were associated with significantly lower risk of all‐cause mortality [risk ratio (RR): 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.86–0.94, P < 0.01], cardiovascular mortality (RR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.82–0.92, P < 0.01), hospitalization for heart failure (HF) (RR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.68–0.76, P < 0.01), HF events (RR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.68–0.75, P < 0.01), hospitalization for any cause (RR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.88–0.93, P < 0.01) and myocardial infarction (MI) (RR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.85–0.99, P = 0.03). Notably, the favourable effect of SGLTis on all‐cause mortality was more pronounced in younger (<65 years) patients (RR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.81–0.92) and in studies with less female (RR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.79–0.90). The favourable effect of SGLTis on MI was only observed in patients who received sotagliflozin (RR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.31–0.73). For Subset B, nine RCTs including 2552 HF patients were enrolled (age 67.8 ± 12.4 years, 36.4% female, follow‐up 3.4 ± 1.9 months); SGLTis were associated with significant improvement in QoL as compared with placebo.

Conclusions

In patients with a broad spectrum of cardiovascular risk factors, SGLTis substantially improve individual hard clinical outcomes and QoL.
Assessing proxy methods for measuring bedrock erodibility in fluvial impact erosion
Authors: Turowski Jens M. , Huxol Benjamin , Pruß Gunnar , Voigtländer Anne , Ludwig Andreas
Published: November 2024

The erodibility of bedrock and rock masses is an important parameter for understanding landform development, landscape evolution modelling and engineering applications. Yet, complex geotechnical properties and the difficulty of directly quantifying erodibility limit the theoretical understanding and prediction of erosion processes. Several proxy methods have been suggested to assess bedrock erodibility by fluvial impact erosion. Yet, none of these proxy methods have been rigorously benchmarked with direct laboratory or field measurements. Here, we assess the usefulness of proxy methods described in the literature in the quantitative prediction of fluvial impact erosion. We compare four proxy methods – Mohs' hardness, the Schmidt hammer rebound value, Annandale's erodibility index and the Selby score – to erodibility laboratory data measured using erosion mills. We assess these methods using three statistical parameters: Kendall's tau and Spearman's rho rank correlation coefficients, and the adjusted R2 from an exponential fit. We distinguish between three applications, which require increasing correlation strength. These are (i) trend detection (sorting groups of data by their relative erodibility), (ii) quantitative ranking (relative erodibility of groups of data can be quantitatively assessed), and quantitative prediction (erodibility for individual sites can be quantitatively assessed). Mohs' hardness, Schmidt hammer measurements and Annandale's method are suitable for trend detection, while Selby's method is not. None of the methods is suitable for quantitative prediction. As such, none of the methods is a suitable proxy for estimating erodibility in fluvial bedrock erosion at a particular location. For quantitative ranking, we suggest to use either Mohs' hardness or Schmidt hammer measurements, because of (i) the correlation with mill‐measured erodibility, (ii) their ease and quickness of application in the field and (iii) the minimum of required training. When applying these methods, investigators should obtain data both from the same and from different lithological units at many sites. Then, the results can then be used for bulk assessment, but not for individual sites.
Comparative Analysis of Long‐Term Governance Problems: Risks of Climate Change and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Ojanen Atte
Published: November 2024

Comparative approaches are rarely utilized in futures studies despite the distinctive nature of different policy problems. Issues like climate change, infrastructure investments, and governance of emerging technology are frequently grouped under the umbrella of the “long‐term problems” without adequate consideration for their distinct spatial and temporal attributes. To address this research gap, this paper presents a framework to systematically compare long‐term policy problems, such as the risks of climate change and artificial intelligence (AI). I conduct a comparative analysis of the risks of climate change and AI—both widely regarded as pivotal questions of our time—focusing on how they differ across eight attributes that affect their governance: scientific certainty, spatiality, temporality, linearity, path dependence, accountability, capacity to address and the costs involved. The findings suggest that climate change involves a more evident intergenerational conflict between generations than risks of AI and might therefore be a more challenging long‐term governance problem. Yet, both problems risk triggering irreversible lock‐in effects, specifically in extreme scenarios such as crossing climate tipping points or misaligned advanced AI systems. Mitigating these uncertain lock‐in effects requires precautionary governance measures, highlighting the potential of comparative approaches at the intersection of foresight and policy analysis.
A Diffuse Interface Model for Cavitation, Taking Into Account Capillary Forces
Authors: Ait‐Ali Takfarines , Khelladi Sofiane , Bakir Farid , Hannoun Noureddine , Nogueira Xesús , Ramírez Luis
Published: November 2024

We consider the moving least squares method to solve compressible two‐phase water‐water vapor flow with surface tension. A diffuse interface model based on the Navier–Stokes and Korteweg equations is coupled with a suitable system of state equations that allows for a more realistic estimation of the pressure jump across the liquid–vapor interface as a function of temperature. We propose a simple formulation for computing the capillarity coefficient based on the surface tension and the thickness of the diffuse interface. A convergence analysis using pressure jump in the test case of static bubble is conducted to verify our solver. We present several numerical test cases that illustrate the ability of our model to reproduce qualitatively and quantitatively the effects of surface tension on cavitation bubbles in general situations.
Oral Intake of Collagen and Collagen Hydrolysate From Takifugu bimaculatus Attenuates Ultraviolet‐Induced Skin Photoaging in Mice
Authors: Chen Bei , Lin Shurong , Yang Xiaoyu , Cai Shuilin , Qiao Kun , Tang Haiyan , Xu Min , Su Yongchang , Liu Shuji , Liu Zhiyu , Wang Qin
Published: November 2024

With the rapid emergence of pufferfish aquaculture and processing industries, fish skin is underutilized as a byproduct of processing, leading to resource waste. In this study, Takifugu bimaculatus skin collagen (TBSC) was extracted by acetic acid solubilization and its physicochemical properties were analyzed. The effects of TBSC and the TBSC hydrolysate (TBSCH) on ultraviolet (UV) irradiation‐induced photoaging were investigated using a mouse model. The purity of TBSC was 90.02%. Electrophoresis and Fourier infrared spectroscopy characterization of TBSC showed that the type of collagen in TBSC was typical standard type I. The degree of hydrolysis was selected to optimize the hydrolysis conditions for TBSC. The papain enzyme dosage, temperature, pH, and hydrolysis duration of 51,000 U/g, 48.03°C, 5.35, and 4 h have been demonstrated to be the optimum hydrolysis conditions for TBSCH. Oral administration of either TBSC or TBSCH ameliorated UV‐induced skin erythema and hyperkeratosis. TBSC and TBSCH treatment increased collagen content and had an inhibitory effect on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and MMP‐3 expression, whereas MMP‐9 expression was significantly reversed only in the TBSCH‐treated groups. The expression of the c‐Jun protein was much lower in these groups, suggesting that TBSCH had a greater alleviating effect on collagen degradation and extracellular matrix breakdown. Therefore, it is proposed that TBSCH has the potential to be used as a nutricosmetic agent with protective attributes against UV‐induced skin damage and concurrent collagen depletion.
The Economics of Liquid Staking Derivatives: Basis Determinants and Price Discovery
Authors: Scharnowski Stefan , Jahanshahloo Hossein
Published: November 2024

This paper provides a first economic analysis of liquid staking tokens, which are derivatives representing a share of staked tokens in Proof‐of‐Stake blockchains. We document substantial time‐variation in the “liquid staking basis” as given by the price difference between a derivative staking token and its underlying cryptocurrency. We find evidence that staking rewards, concentration risks, limits to arbitrage, and behavioral factors influence this basis. The liquid staking basis is wider when the yields offered by the liquid staking protocol are low relative to the alternative of staking directly, when cryptocurrency returns are more volatile, and when secondary market liquidity is low. In contrast, it is smaller when investors pay more attention to liquid staking and when investor sentiment is positive. Furthermore, liquid staking tokens contribute a significant and overall growing amount to price discovery in the underlying cryptocurrencies.
Exploring the Role of Patient Engagement in Organisational Performance: Empirical Evidence From Patient and Family Advisory Councils
Authors: Cha Jinyoung , Jang Jaeyoung , Lee Keon‐Hyung
Published: November 2024

Over the past two decades, patient‐centred care has gained global prominence, emphasising collaboration among patients, families, caregivers, and healthcare professionals to improve healthcare delivery. Recognising the foundational role of patient participation in enhancing clinical outcomes, healthcare organisations increasingly integrate patient inputs and resources into their management strategies. Patient and family advisory councils represent a primary form of collective patient engagement at the organisational level. Patient and family advisory councils actively engage in all levels of the hospital system to enhance quality improvement and meet the demands of patients. Despite recognised importance, empirical evidence regarding their roles as strategic resources and impact on hospital performance remains unexplored. Incorporating patient engagement into the social resource‐based view, this study addresses how comprehensive strategic resources are associated with a hospital's quality of care and patient satisfaction outcomes. Utilising hospital‐level data from 2018 to 2020, a cross‐sectional time‐series ordered logit analysis examines the quality of care and patient satisfaction models. The findings reveal that patient engagement, physical resources, and human capital are positively associated with hospital quality of care and patient satisfaction. In contrast, a social resource—a minority population—is negatively associated with hospital outcomes. This study contributes theoretical and practical implications. It synthesises patient engagement into the Social Resource‐Based approach and provides consistent empirical evidence. In addition, it suggests evidence for practitioners to develop and manage patient engagement as a strategic resource.
Addressing the Peri‐Wound Intact Skin of Hard‐To‐Heal Diabetic Foot Ulcers With Topical Red Deer Conditioned Media (PTT‐6TM) Skin Conditioner: A Case Series on Clinical Efficacy
Authors: Leow Kimberley , Alvis Leon Timothy Charles , Yuen Bradley Edmond Charles , Cheng Leighton , Chiam Shiqi , Razak Siti Nurfarahdillah Binte Abdul , Evans Gerard Benjamin , Koh Kenneth , Lim Ivor Jiun , Phan Toan Thang , Wong Keng Lin
Published: November 2024

Background and Aim

The healing of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) can be hindered by the susceptibility of the surrounding intact skin to pro‐inflammatory proteases. A conditioned media, known as PTT‐6TM, derived from mesenchymal stem cells found in the lining of red deer umbilical cords, has been formulated to protect the intact peri‐wound skin of DFUs. The aim is to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of PTT‐6TM in managing peri‐wound intact skin in hard‐to‐heal DFUs.

Methods

Patients with DFUs that persisted for over 3 months were divided into two subgroups. The active wound group received standard‐of‐care treatment protocol followed by PTT‐6TM application around the peri‐wound area, while the maintenance wound group applied PTT‐6TM media over the healed wound site.

Results

Forty cases were recorded, of which 22 (55%) were included in the active wound group. The majority were male (75%, n = 30) and vast majority had cardiovascular risk factors, including diabetes mellitus (100%, n = 40), hyperlipidemia (82.5%, n = 33), and hypertension (77.5%, n = 31). Most patients had forefoot wounds (80%, n = 32) on the plantar aspect (82.5%, n = 33). The patients in the active wound group had chronic DFUs for a mean of 218 ± 201 days. Of those treated with PTT‐6™ media, 68.4% (n = 13) achieved complete wound healing within a mean duration of 69 ± 50 days. Additionally, most patients in the maintenance wound group remained ulcer‐free at 3 months (91.7%, n = 11) and 6 months (66.7%, n = 6).

Conclusion

The study results suggest that PTT‐6TM media may serve as an additional treatment modality for enhancing the microenvironment at the peri‐wound intact skin site. This could indirectly facilitate wound healing by preserving the integrity of the peri‐wound intact skin.
WHAMM Inhibits Type II Alveolar Epithelial Cell EMT by Mediating Autophagic Degradation of TGF‐β1 in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Hua Shaodong , Chi Jinghan , Zhang Ning , Yang Xiao , Zhang Pan , Jiang Chenyang , Feng Yao , Hong Xiaoyang , Feng Zhichun , Yan Yurou
Published: November 2024

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is one of the most prevalent complication in preterm infants, primarily characterized by arrested alveolar growth. The involvement of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of AECII cells is proposed to have a crucial role in the pathogenesis of BPD; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study reveals a significant reduction of WHAMM (WASP homolog associated with actin, membranes, and microtubules) in hyperoxia‐induced BPD mice, highlighting its crucial role in suppressing the progression of BPD through the inhibition of EMT in AECIIs. We demonstrated that hyperoxia‐induced downregulation of WHAMM leads to the accumulation of TGF‐β1 primarily through its mediation of the autophagic degradation pathway. Mechanistically, WHAMM enhanced the autophagosomal localization of TGF‐β1 and concurrently promoted the process of autophagy, thereby comprehensively facilitating the autophagic degradation of TGF‐β1. These findings reveal the important role of WHAMM in the development of BPD, and the proposed WHAMM/autophagy/TGF‐β1/EMT pathway may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for BPD treatment.
Phenomics Demonstrates Cytokines Additive Induction of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Boché Alphonse , Landras Alexandra , Morel Mathieu , Kellouche Sabrina , Carreiras Franck , Lambert Ambroise
Published: November 2024

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is highly plastic with a programme where cells lose adhesion and become more motile. EMT heterogeneity is one of the factors for disease progression and chemoresistance in cancer. Omics characterisations are costly and challenging to use. We developed single cell phenomics with easy to use wide‐field fluorescence microscopy. We analyse over 70,000 cells and combined 53 features. Our simplistic pipeline allows efficient tracking of EMT plasticity, with a single statistical metric. We discriminate four high EMT plasticity cancer cell lines along the EMT spectrum. We test two cytokines, inducing EMT in all cell lines, alone or in combination. The single cell EMT metrics demonstrate the additive effect of cytokines combination on EMT independently of cell line EMT spectrum. The effects of cytokines are also observed at the front of migration during wound healing assay. Single cell phenomics is uniquely suited to characterise the cellular heterogeneity in response to complex microenvironment and show potential for drug testing assays.