bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating the Role of Seven Commodities in Agriculture-Linked Deforestation: Oil Palm, Soy, Cattle, Wood Fiber, Cocoa, Coffee, and Rubber
Authors: Dow Goldman Elizabeth , Weisse Mikaela , Harris Nancy , Schneider Martina
Published: November 2020

While agriculture is generally recognized to be a major driver of deforestation, few studies have attempted to estimate the role that particular commodities play in global deforestation, and even fewer have been spatially explicit. In this analysis, we estimate the extent to which seven commodities—oil palm, soy, cattle, plantation wood fiber, cocoa, coffee, and plantation rubber—are replacing forests, and map their impacts using the best available spatially explicit data. We report results for these seven commodities globally at the second administrative level (e.g., county, municipality, or other administrative subdivision, depending on the country), though the methods are flexible and could be applied to other commodities and geographic scales of analysis. To identify the specific commodities that have replaced forested land, we analyzed the overlap of current commodity extent with global annual tree cover loss from 2001 to 2018. We used recent, detailed crop and pasture maps for relevant regions and commodities where available, and supplemented them with coarser resolution global data where needed.
Análisis Neurofutbolístico de Loris Karius: De la Gloria al Infierno.
Authors: Ramos-Galarza Carlos , Silva-Barragán Micaela
Published: November 2020

En el contexto futbolístico se han presentado errores garrafales que han costado caro a los equipos. A veces se presentan por nervios o desconcentración, no obstante, según nuestro ojo clínico, en ocasiones el cerebro juega una mala pasada y su mal funcionamiento, producto de un traumatismo craneoencefálico sucedido en el mismo juego, es quien determina el marcador de un encuentro. Esto es lo sucedido al portero del Liverpool en la final de la Champions League 2018, quien, desde nuestra reflexión neuro futbolística, tuvo errores que le costaron el partido, por una afectación de la vía magnocelular cerebral que permite procesar la información perceptivo visual espacial. En el artículo presentado, reflexionamos sobre su estado cerebral antes y después del traumatismo sufrido y resaltamos que, un futbolista que está despierto y expresando que puede continuar, no necesariamente es un individuo con su cerebro conservado, ya que puede ser solo una parte de su masa encefálica la que habla, pero, como se ve en Karius, no obstante, otras silentes pueden haberse alterado. Cerramos el trabajo resaltando la necesidad de incorporar los conocimientos neuropsicológicos para la comprensión del efecto de un traumatismo en el campo del juego, ya que de este trabajo se ratifica que, el ser humano no juega al fútbol con las piernas o las manos, lo hace con su cerebro.
"Oh God, Please Save Us from War": AN Ethography Study of Impact of War on Health Among Syrian Children Refuges in Lebanon and Their Experience Living with Health Problems
Authors: Bin Sidek Ahmad Zulkhairul Naim , Busu Burhanudin
Published: November 2020

In nearly six years of armed conflict, more than 250,000 Syrians have lost their lives and there were over 1 million Syrian refugees who had been registered in Lebanon in 2016. It has been reported that exposure to war causes injury, illness and breakdown in the health care structures especially to children. This paper attempts to evaluate the impact of war on health in children and to explore their experience living with health problems. A qualitative data from semi structured  interview was conducted among  mothers in refugee camp in Bekaa Valley, Lebanon Participants were purposefully sampled and asked to share their impact on war to health of their children. All interviews were written manually and analysed thematically. Ten participants were involved in this study. There were three main themes were identified, each of which led to health risks for the children; antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum. There was variety of health problems reported ranging from neurological, musculoskeletal disorder to ocular problems.  The experience living with health problems were understood through construction of three thematic categories emerged; psychological burden, disruption of daily living and economic effect. In additional, the participants also highlighted the intergenerational impact of war on health predominantly mental disorder, congenital abnormalities, infectious disease and complication in pregnancy. In general, this paper provides an important understanding of impact of wars on health among vulnerable group which is children. The effects of wars on health and health care services are substantial. All these issues should be explored more to ensure the children received adequate health care. The results generated form this study can inspire new collaboration with many authorities in the design and implementation intervention to improve health status in war zone
Bodywork: Tuning the Instrument of the Soul
Authors: Gordin Karina
Published: November 2020

Instrumental musicians are among groups of professionals at high risk for overuse injuries, including pain, fatigue, loss of range of motion, as well as loss of endurance and fine motor control[i]. Factors contributing to overuse injuries include, but not limited to, ergonomic errors and posture misalignment due to poor fit between instrument and musician, heavy instruments, as well as repetitive strain due to prolonged daily practice and/or performance[ii]. Massage therapy may target musician specific injuries by focusing on relaxing restrictive, overused muscles, enhancing circulation, and improving range of motion by increasing length of fascia and muscles, and breaking down adhesions[iii].
Trauma, Disability and the "Wounded Healer"
Authors: Abbott David L.
Published: November 2020

A medical memoir addressing the author’s history of trauma, limb loss, use of music as a resource, and how these experiences shaped his pursuit of education and career in music therapy.  The significant influence of Jung’s “wounded healer” concept (particularly as elucidated by Kirmayer) on the development of the author’s identity as a clinician with a history of trauma is discussed. The importance of addressing the needs of wounded clinicians, and the risks and benefits of disclosure, are explored.
Low Frequency Music Slows Heart Rate and Decreases Sympathetic Activity
Authors: Halbert James D. , Van Tuyll Debra R. , Purdy Carl , Hao Guang , Cauthron Steven , Crookall Christine , Babak Baban , Topolski Richard , Al-Hendy Ayman , Kapuku Gaston K.
Published: November 2020

Objectives: Increasing blood pressure (BP) increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Lower frequency music may lower BP and heart rate (HR), therefore, decreases the CVD risk. Methods: Participants were 16 high BP individuals aged 20 to 50 years. The protocol consisted of 2 visits (experimental & control). Music was tuned between 440 Hz and 432 Hz, and the frequencies changed every 10 minutes. HR variability, diastolic function, oxytocin, and amylase were recorded at each phase. An (ANOVA) was used to examine the effects of music. Results: Mental arithmetic significantly increased BP and HR (all ps<0.01). There were significant differences between the stress condition and all other conditions, all p’s < .02. There was a significant main effect for Music Order, F (1, 6) = 6.23, p = .047, ƞp2= .51, β = .55. Participants had lower HR listening to 432 Hz music (M = -7.20, se = 2.47) than 440 Hz music (M = -5.33, se = 2.71), t(7) = 2.53, p = .04, d ‘ = .41. Conclusion: Listening to low frequency music has cardiovascular benefits including slowing heart rate and promoting relaxation. Further study is needed to determine the underlying mechanisms of music induced beneficial effects.
Multidisciplinary perspectives on music perception and cognition for cochlear implant users
Authors: Chern Alexander , Butera Iliza
Published: November 2020

For over 30 years, cochlear implants (CIs) have been successfully providing sound and speech perception to individuals who suffer from severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss. Despite many recent advances in CI technology, significant challenges remain for users, including speech perception in noisy environments, identifying vocal emotion, and perhaps most notably, music perception and appreciation. Moreover, pediatric cochlear implant users often demonstrate a slower and more variable language development trajectory compared to their normal hearing peers, which is in part due to the imperfect hearing restoration by these devices. In this brief report, we discuss multidisciplinary perspectives on music perception and cognition for CI users, as well as how they can be employed to improve the cochlear implant experience. We divide these strategies into two categories—a top-down approach (e.g., employing therapeutic measures to help train the CI user’s brain to fully reap the benefits of cochlear implantation) and a bottom-up approach (e.g., improving the auditory input through developing new technology, creating individualized programming strategies, and developing music specifically tailored for CI users). These individualized, yet multidirectional approaches will help create a functionally-integrated system that supports robust processing of complex sounds, which is essential for many everyday tasks.
Music Affinity and Emotion in Williams Syndrome
Authors: Lai Philip To
Published: November 2020

Williams syndrome (WS) is a neurodevelopmental genetic disorder. Of interest to cognitive scientists is the uneven cognitive profile that is characteristic of the syndrome. In spite of mild to moderate intellectual disability, a complex pattern of strengths and weaknesses is found in their cognitive abilities. Strengths are seen in linguistic abilities and facial processing whereas weaknesses include visuo-spatial skills and conceptual reasoning abilities. Numerous anecdotes exist regarding musical abilities in individuals with WS. To elaborate on the neuropsychological profile of WS and particularly to better understand the affinity to music in individuals with WS, the present study examined the perception and production of music in this population. Results revealed that overall, individuals with WS were more expressive than typically developing individuals when they were involved with music. This study serves to further characterize this unique social and cognitive profile of individuals with WS, adding an affinity to music as a characteristic of their phenotype.
Music-based therapeutic interventions 1.0 from Music Therapy to Integrated Music Technology: a narrative review
Authors: Werger Carola , Groothuis Marijke , Jaschke Artur C.
Published: November 2020

Change is inevitable to every profession. While we learn from the mistakes in the past, we should not lose sight of the developments which lie ahead. In this narrative review, we consider the different theoretical but more so practical and clinical mechanisms and uses of music technology in music therapy. We assemble relevant findings from a broad range of complimentary data, comprising published as well as unpublished research, clinical rapports, practical experience and self-rapports from clinicians, researchers, and practitioners worldwide. In addition, we have conducted a systematic search of the following databases: PubMed, MedLine, Jstor, ScienceDirect, EMBASe as well as academic theses and hand searches. Giving the relatively small amount of literature available on the topic of music technology in music therapy, true meta-analysis or systematic review were not possible. This narrative review aims at answering the importance of 1) the changing music therapy field; 2) the use of music technology in different populations with possibilities and pit-falls and 3) recommendations for future research, education, and clinical practise. Finally, we will draw attention to prospects of music technology in future applications beyond clinical practise, allowing music therapist and health-care professionals staying up to date with the fast-changing field of technology.Besides the growing and ever-changing field of music technology and digital media, targeting behaviour, clinical practice and neuroscientific research will allow to further our understanding of the interaction of music-based therapeutic interventions 1.0 in a digital society.
Music-Based Interventions with Informal Caregivers of Adult Care Recipients: An Integrative Review
Authors: Wilhelm Lindsey , Wilhelm Kyle
Published: November 2020

Music therapists work with individuals with a wide variety of diagnoses, but minimal attention has been paid to informal caregivers caring for adults with these diagnoses.  While some evidence for the use of music-based interventions (MBIs) has been presented in primary sources, a synthesis of current literature is needed to inform evidence-based practice.  The purpose of this study was to identify what MBIs have been used with informal caregivers, the effects of these interventions, whether the interventions adequately fulfill the personal needs of caregivers as identified in previous literature, and the quality of MBI reporting.  Ten studies met the predetermined criteria.  Singing and music listening were the most frequently used interventions.  Benefits for caregivers include self- and relationship-focused outcomes.  The type of benefit (self- or relationship-focused) appears to be related to the participant unit of delivery of the MBI. Future research is necessary to replicate the outcomes of MBIs for informal caregivers reported in this review, and there is a need for increased transparency in reporting.Keywords: family caregivers, informal caregivers, music, music-based intervention
Bedtime Music for Sleep Problems in older Adults with Dementia: a feasibility Study
Authors: Jespersen Kira Vibe , Madsen Jens , Vuust Peter
Published: November 2020

Sleep problems are highly prevalent in elderly persons with dementia. Poor sleep constitute a major problem as it causes distress and may aggravate the dementia symptoms. Music has been proposed as a potential sleep aid, and in this study, we assessed the feasibility and effect of bedtime music listening for improving sleep problems in older adults with dementia. We used a within-subject design including 40 participants. Participants and caregivers evaluated the feasibility and effect after the intervention period, and we measured sleep with wrist actigraphy 14 days at baseline and during the 14 days intervention period. In the intervention period participants listened to music for 30 minutes every night at bedtime. We developed five playlists with slow, soothing music of different genres, and participants could choose the genre they liked the best. We found that the music intervention was well-liked and sleep improvement was observed in around half the participants. Wrist actigraphy showed no significant changes in the objective sleep pattern. Music listening at bedtime could provide a safe, comfortable and low-cost intervention for sleep problems among elderly persons with dementia, the intervention is feasible, but more research is needed to determine the effect on sleep outcomes.
Special Edition: The effects of the Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) on interpersonal problems, sense of coherence, and salivary Immunogloblin A of adults in chemical dependency treatment
Authors: Heiderscheit Annie
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) on interpersonal problems, coping measures and immune function in 19 adults in chemical dependency treatment for an average of 43 days. Psychological measures included the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Short Circumplex Form (IIP-SC), the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC) and physiological measure included salivary immunoglobulin A. Pre-test measures were collected at the initial interview session and post-tests at the final BMGIM session. Experimental subjects received one GIM session a week during their treatment. Results show significant decrease on the domineering, cold, and non-assertive subscales of the IIP-SC and on the manageability subscale of the SOC scale. The physiological measure of sIgA did not show a significant increase. The BMGIM appears to be effective in addressing issues underlying substance abuse, in addition showing a positive impact on physical health.
Protocol for a Neurophenomenological Investigation of a Guided Imagery and Music Experience (Part I)
Authors: Hunt Andrea McGraw
Published: November 2020

Abstract This article, Part I of II, describes the rationale and background literature of an investigation into a music and imagery (GIM) experience modeled upon the Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music[1]. This investigation aimed to obtain an integrated description of participants’ subjective experiences and electroencephalographic (EEG) responses during the GIM session in order to gain understanding into the integrated neuronal and experiential demands of imaginal listening to music while in an altered state of consciousness (ASC). Neuroscience research has demonstrated the utility of EEG for investigating neuronal responses during ASCs, imagery, and music experiences. Additionally, several phenomenological studies have provided insight into the value and nature of client imagery in GIM contexts. Given evidence of both psychological and physiological benefits of the Bonny Method, and given the ever-growing neuroscience literature relating to phenomena occurring in GIM, there are likely relationships between participants’ imagery experiences and their brain behavior during a GIM session. This foundation justifies the use of neurophenomenology as a means of integrating individual participants’ EEG traces with their descriptions of their imagery experiences during a GIM session in order to obtain a description of the relationships between their subjective and neuronal phenomena.  Keywords: Bonny Method, Guided Imagery and Music, neurophenomenology,                    EEG, Neuroimaging.
Music Therapy and Procedural Support: Opportunities for Practice
Authors: Beer Laura E , Lee Kathrine V
Published: November 2020

The use of music therapy for procedural support is an area of increasing interest yet has little research supporting it as an evidence-based practice.  Throughout this article there is an emphasis on the use of music therapy in the pediatric hospital setting, but not exclusively.  Procedural support is becoming a commonplace term in music therapy yet there is little information to unify the variety of techniques and practices involved in this particular approach to treatment. This article surveys current literature regarding procedural support, including music therapy supports, child life supports, and medical supports.   Definitions of terms are offered and a working definition of procedural support is proposed.
Development of a music therapy programme for healthy elderly in the community – A pilot evaluation on feasibility and acceptability
Authors: Leow Mabel Qi He , Low Michelle Yin Yin , Loi Carol Tien Tau , Tan Patsy Lee Peng , Tay Shian Chao
Published: November 2020

Successful aging can occur through promoting physiological, psychosocial, physical, cognitive functioning, and engagement in social and productive activities. The study aims to describe the development of a group music therapy programme for healthy elderly living in the community. Group music therapy was conducted for elderly above 60 years old. The intervention consists of four weekly sessions which lasted one-hour each. A certified music therapist conducted all the sessions.An evaluation of the music therapy programme was conducted at the end of the four sessions. Three music therapy groups were conducted, and 20 elderly participated. The mean age of the participants was 68.7±4.6 years (range: 60 to 76 years old). All participants expressed they enjoyed the music therapy sessions. The main activity preferences were hand chimes, hand percussion, musical bingo and lyric substitution. All participants found the one-hour session to be too short, and suggested to increase the session duration to 1.5 or 2 hours. Our music therapy programme was well-received by the elderly in the community. The activities helped to increase physical activity and social engagement, and potentially reduced cognitive decline and depression. It could be proposed as a regular activity in the community.
Tui-ukuk the Great Genius of the Kok Turks
Authors:   Doctor of Philology, Professor L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Director of the Research Institute of Turkic and Altaic Studies, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan (kharjaubay@mail.ru), Sartkozhauly K.
Published: November 2020

The article is based on historical sources and aims to present Tonuquq. He was a political advisor of Qok Turkic khagans such as Kutlug, Kapagan, Bilge, a politician, the one of competent commander of Qok Turkic army, the master of steppe war tactic and strategy art. The first thinker of the Turkic world, the genius of the intellectual world, the exemplary actions and behests of our ancestor Tui-Ukuk became a great school for the next generation. Along with that we provided paradigmatic analysis of the word 'Tonuquq' by comparing its writing and lexeme in old Turkic and old chinese languages. We studied the similarities and communities of the content of linguistic units and as a result the main meaning was given.
Use of Folk Culture Products in Social Media Humor
Authors:   Graduate Student, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Institute of Social Sciences, Turkish Language and Literature Department, Ankara, Turkey (burcakkubrae@gmail.co), Erdem B.K.
Published: November 2020

The rapid exchange of culture, which began with the Industrial Revolution, when technological developments brought people closer to each other in all respects, and with it the consuming structure of society outstripped the producing model of society 20.century. as it is observed. This change has also had an impact on the elements of humor and laughter. The function of laughing has also changed the purposes and facts that make up laughing. One of the important reasons for this change is that the internet-based communication network, which emerged after 1950, created a virtual world that changed the traditional media by changing its size after entering the millennium era. In this virtual reality, where laughter is seen more with the function of protest, rapid consumption, caps and video-based laugh elements that suddenly rise and disappear in an instant are at the forefront. In this study, it was tried to reveal the frequency of use of folk culture products, the purpose for which they are used and the change they undergo according to the era among the elements of social media-based humor that have virtual fluidity and unlimited space through the reasons underlying humor.
Foreword
Authors: Kubota Ryuko
Published: November 2020

In this foreword, Kubota shares some portraits which reveal the multiple and diverse stories of eikaiwa learners, which are influenced by broader forces, such as language ideologies and various relations of power. In addition, she draws on her previous research related to the struggles of eikaiwa teachers and suggests that in order to understand the world of eikaiwa more fully, multiple players and structures need to be examined. She ends her chapter by saying "This ground-breaking book illuminates this other side of the eikaiwa world by uncovering the diverse yet hidden voices of eikaiwa teachers. Their stories of marginalities, ambitions, and possibilities help us understand how these teachers pursue their careers as professionals, engage in education, and negotiate challenges" (p. 3).
Droits de propriété et expropriations à Sotchi
Authors: Karbainov Nikolay , Gloriozova Ekaterina
Published: November 2020

Cet article est consacré à l’analyse du phénomène d’expropriation à Sotchi, ville hôte des Jeux Olympiques d’hiver 2014. En se basant sur la théorie du paradigme critique, il tente d’analyser la répartition des bénéfices et des coûts économiques et sociaux pour les habitants de Sotchi dont la propriété immobilière a été réquisitionnée au profit du projet olympique. Parmi eux, on peut identifier les « gagnants », qui ont reçu une compensation pour leur propriété réquisitionnée, et les « perdants », qui n’ont pas reçu de telle compensation. L’article tente de répondre à la question de recherche suivante : comment, dans un contexte de dirigisme étatique et d’absence de droits de propriété légaux, certains habitants de la baie d’Imérétie ont-ils pu faire légaliser leurs droits de propriété et recevoir une compensation financière ou en nature pour la réquisition de leur propriété immobilière ? En se basant sur les résultats d’études de terrain menées à Sotchi en 2010, 2011 et 2013, l’article permet de mettre en évidence cinq facteurs explicatifs : la visibilité internationale des JO ; la mobilisation et l’organisation d’un mouvement de protestation par les habitants de Sotchi ; un modèle de dirigisme étatique ultra-centralisé ; le flou juridique caractéristique des régimes transitoires de propriété dans les États post-soviétiques ; ainsi que la légitimité des droits de propriété informels pour la collectivité et les élites politiques locales.
Southbound Russia: processes of bordering and de-bordering between 1993 and 2013
Authors: Prelz Oltramonti Giulia
Published: November 2020

This article traces the trajectories of Russia’s projection of its external power in its neighbourhood through the analysis of its bordering and de-bordering practices. It looks specifically at what happened in Abkhazia between 1993 and 2013, focusing on its role in managing the international border along the Psou River and on its impact on the Georgian-Abkhaz ceasefire line along the Inguri River. It argues that, while the appreciation of borders is often limited to symbols of sovereignty, Russia aptly employed bordering and de-bordering practices as policy tools to expand its clout much further than its national external borders. It also illustrates the importance of the implementation component of border regimes. By looking at macro- and micro- dynamics, as well as underlining the gap between official discourse and practice, this article explicates some of the mechanisms underpinning Russia’s cycles of retreat and expansion in the Caucasus.
Democracy and Populism. The Constitution of the Political Community in Early Post-War Hungary
Authors: Zombory Máté
Published: November 2020

This article proposes to reconsider the relation between populism and democracy. Instead of taking democracy as a given, it will study populism in the context of democratization in a case study from a historical sociological perspective. The post-war and pre-Cold War historical context is analyzed here on the example of Hungary. First, I analyze the public debate on democracy in order to map out the discursive field in which the different political positions were taken. I show that the debate was about the legitimate definition of the political community, the demos. Second, I situate the political wing of the Hungarian populist movement in this discursive field. I establish that the position of the populists’ party did not differ considerably from the standpoint of the other participants: the basic populist claims and references were articulated as part of the problem of democracy. Third, I analyze the continuity of the populist tradition in the context of the post-war redefinition of the ethnoscape, that is, in relation to the “Jewish question” and the “German question”.
Snow heterogeneous reactivity of bromide with ozone lost during snow metamorphism
Authors: Edebeli Jacinta , Trachsel Jürg C. , Avak Sven E. , Ammann Markus , Schneebeli Martin , Eichler Anja , Bartels-Rausch Thorsten
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Earth's snow cover is very dynamic on diurnal timescales. The changes to the snow structure during this metamorphism have wide-ranging impacts on processes such as avalanche formation and on the capacity of
surface snow to exchange trace gases with the atmosphere. Here, we
investigate the influence of dry metamorphism, which involves fluxes of
water vapour, on the chemical reactivity of bromide in the snow. To this end,
the heterogeneous reactive loss of ozone in the dark at a concentration of
5×1012–6×1012 molec. cm−3 is investigated in artificial,
shock-frozen snow samples doped with 6.2 µM sodium bromide and with
varying metamorphism history. The oxidation of bromide in snow is one
reaction initiating polar bromine releases and ozone depletion. We find
that the heterogeneous reactivity of bromide is completely absent from the
air–ice interface in snow after 12 d of temperature gradient metamorphism,
and we suggest that the burial of non-volatile bromide salts occurs when the snow
matrix is restructuring during metamorphism. Impacts on polar atmospheric
chemistry are discussed.
Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Volume VII – Criegee intermediates
Authors: Cox R. Anthony , Ammann Markus , Crowley John N. , Herrmann Hartmut , Jenkin Michael E. , McNeill V. Faye , Mellouki Abdelwahid , Troe Jürgen , Wallington Timothy J.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. This article, the seventh in the series, presents kinetic
and photochemical data sheets evaluated by the IUPAC Task Group on
Atmospheric Chemical Kinetic Data Evaluation. It covers an extension of the
gas-phase and photochemical reactions related to Criegee intermediates
previously published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP) in 2006 and implemented on the IUPAC website up
to 2020. The article consists of an introduction, description of laboratory
measurements, a discussion of rate coefficients for reactions of O3 with
alkenes producing Criegee intermediates, rate coefficients of unimolecular
and bimolecular reactions and photochemical data for reactions of Criegee
intermediates, and an overview of the atmospheric chemistry of Criegee
intermediates. Summary tables of the recommended kinetic and mechanistic
parameters for the evaluated reactions are provided. Data sheets summarizing
information upon which the recommendations are based are given in two files,
provided as a Supplement to this article.
Probabilistic assessment of field-scale CO2 generation by
Carbonate/Clay Reactions in sedimentary basins
Authors: Ceriotti Giulia , Geloni Claudio , Dalla Rosa Matilde , Guadagnini Alberto , Porta Giovanni
Published: November 2020

Abstract. This work explores the probabilistic assessment of CO2 generation rate and CO2 source location by occurrence of Carbonate/Clay Reactions (CCRs) in three-dimensional realistic sedimentary basins. We ground our assessment on the methodology proposed for a mono-dimensional case study and a single CCR formulation by Ceriotti et al. (2017) which includes a framework to account for thermodynamic parameter uncertainties. This methodology is here extended to a realistic three-dimensional sedimentary basin case study and transferred to encompass different types of CCRs, including two newly formulated CCRs which accounts for minerals typically observed in sedimentary environments. While testing the ability of the chosen procedure to model diverse CCRs in three-dimensional realistic subsurface sedimentary systems, we quantitatively compare the impact of CCR formulation on the spatial distribution of CO2 source location, temperature and pressure compatible to CO2 gaseous generation, and CO2 generation rate in three-dimensional environments characterized by complex and non-uniform stratigraphy. Application of the procedure to different types of CCRs enables us to provide an insight on the impact of mineralogical composition on the mechanism of activation temperature and pressure and the amount of CO2 released by the different CCR mechanisms. Finally, we show the implementation of the proposed probabilistic framework to define scenarios associated with different levels of probability to be used as the input and boundary conditions for CO2 migration and transport models in the subsurface.
Review article: Sea-level rise in Venice: historic and future trends
Authors: Zanchettin Davide , Bruni Sara , Raicich Fabio , Lionello Piero , Adloff Fanny , Androsov Alexey , Antonioli Fabrizio , Artale Vincenzo , Carminati Eugenio , Ferrarin Christian , Fofonova Vera , Nicholls Robert J. , Rubinetti Sara , Rubino Angelo , Sannino Gianmaria , Spada Giorgio , Thiéblemont Rémi , Tsimplis Michael , Umgiesser Georg , Vignudelli Stefano , Wöppelmann Guy , Zerbini Susanna
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The City of Venice and the surrounding lagoonal ecosystem are highly vulnerable to variations in relative sea level. In the past ~150 years, this was characterized by a secular linear trend of about 2.5 mm/year resulting from the combined contributions of vertical land movement and sea-level rise. This literature review reassesses and synthesizes the progress achieved in understanding, estimating and predicting the individual contributions to local relative sea level, with focus on the most recent publications. The current best estimate of historical sea-level rise in Venice, based on tide-gauge data after removal of subsidence effects, is 1.23 ± 0.13 mm/year (period from 1872 to 2019). Subsidence thus contributed to about half of the observed relative sea-level rise over the same period. A higher – yet more uncertain – rate of sea-level rise is observed during recent decades, estimated from tide-gauge data to be about 2.76 ± 1.75 mm/year in the period 1993–2019 for the climatic component alone. An unresolved issue is the contrast between the observational capacity of tide gauges and satellite altimetry, with the latter tool not covering the Venice Lagoon. Water mass exchanges through the Gibraltar Strait currently constitute a source of substantial uncertainty for estimating future deviations of the Mediterranean mean sea-level trend from the global-mean value. Subsidence and regional atmospheric and oceanic circulation mechanisms can deviate Venetian relative sea-level trends from the global mean values for several decades. Regional processes will likely continue to determine significant interannual and interdecadal variability of Venetian sea level with magnitude comparable to that observed in the past, as well as non-negligible differential trends. Our estimate of the likely range of mean sea-level rise in Venice by 2100 due to climate change is presently estimated between 11 and 110 centimetres. An improbable yet possible high-end scenario linked to strong ice-sheet melting yields about 170 centimetres of mean sea-level rise in Venice by 2100. Projections of natural and human induced vertical land motions are currently not available, but historical evidence demonstrates that they can produce a significant contribution to the relative sea-level rise in Venice, further increasing the hazard posed by climatically-induced sea-level changes.
Low-order modeling for transition prediction applicable to
wind-turbine rotors
Authors: Fava Thales , Lokatt Mikaela , Sørensen Niels , Zahle Frederik , Hanifi Ardeshir , Henningson Dan
Published: November 2020

Abstract. This work aims at developing a low-order framework to predict the onset of transition over wind-turbine blades without requiring three-dimensional simulations. The effects of three-dimensionality and rotation on the transition location are also analyzed. The framework consists of a model to approximate the base-flow and another to predict the transition location. The former is based on the quasi-three-dimensional Euler and boundary-layer equations and only requires the pressure distribution over an airfoil to provide an approximation for the base-flow over the blade. The latter is based on the envelope of N factors method, where this quantity is computed using the parabolized stability equations (PSE) considering rotational effects. It is shown that rotation accelerates the flow towards the tip of the blade in the fully developed flow region and towards the opposite direction close to the stagnation point. The database method embedded in the EllipSys3D RANS code indicates overly premature transition locations, matching those obtained with a PSE analysis of a two-dimensional base-flow. The consideration of the spanwise velocity, as carried out in the developed model, has a stabilizing effect, delaying transition. Conversely, rotation plays a destabilizing role, hastening the transition onset. Moreover, airfoils with lower pressure gradients are more susceptible to its effects. The increase in the rotation speed makes transition occur through increasingly oblique disturbances from the middle to the tip of the blade, whereas the opposite happens for lower radial positions. Tollmien-Schlichting (TS) waves seem to trigger transition. However, highly oblique critical modes that may be intermediates between TS and crossflow ones occur for low radii. The developed framework allows transition prediction with reasonable accuracy using chordwise cp distributions as input, such as those provided by XFOIL.
Production and quality of watermelon fruits under salinity management strategies and nitrogen fertilization
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Silva Saulo Soares da , Lima Geovani Soares de ,   Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias, Lima Vera Lúcia Antunes de ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Gheyi Hans Raj ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Soares Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos ,   Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias, Oliveira Janine Patricia Melo ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Araújo Auryclennedy Calou de ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Gomes Josivanda Palmeira ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande
Published: November 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate the production and quality of ‘Sugar Baby’ watermelon fruits under different strategies of irrigation with saline water and nitrogen (N) fertilization in an experiment conducted in a protected environment in Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. The experimental design adopted was in blocks with a 6 × 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to six strategies of irrigation with saline water applied at different phenological stages of the crop (SE irrigation with low-salinity water throughout the cycle; salt stress at the vegetative stage VE; vegetative and flowering VE/FL; flowering FL; fruiting FR; fruit maturation MAT) and two N doses (50 and 100% of the recommendation, equivalent to 50 and 100 mg of N kg-1 of soil) with five replicates. Two levels of irrigation water salinity were studied, one with low and the other with high electrical conductivity (ECw = 0.8 and 3.2 dS m-1). The salt stress applied at the vegetative and flowering stages reduced the contents of ascorbic acid and total soluble solids in ‘Sugar Baby’ watermelon fruits. The dose equivalent to 50% of the N recommendation promoted a greater fresh weight of watermelon fruits. Fertilization with 100% of N increased the hydrogen potential of watermelon fruits under salt stress at the vegetative and flowering stages. The anthocyanin content of watermelon fruits decreased under salt stress, regardless of the development stage; however, with 50% of recommendation of N, there was an increase in this variable.
Feasibility of bioethanol production from rice bran
Authors:   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Siepmann Francieli Begnini , Kalschne Daneysa Lahis ,   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Zabotti Caroline ,   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Flores Eder Lisandro de Moraes ,   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Canan Cristiane ,   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Colla Eliane ,   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Published: November 2020

Rice bran is a by-product of rice production with a high carbohydrate and starch content and the potential for bioethanol production by alcoholic fermentation. This article describes bioethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae from hydrolyzed defatted rice bran (DRB) a rice by-product applying ultrasonic treatment and protease addition, as well as a sequential strategy of experimental design (SEED). In the first Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD), the temperature (25-30 °C) and inoculum concentration (0.5-50 g L-1) had positive effects on bioethanol production, while the effect of pH (4.0-6.0) was not significant. In the second CCRD, the temperature (28-35 °C) and inoculum concentration (10-70 g L-1) had negative and positive effects on bioethanol production (p < 0.05). Protease addition (15 µL g-1) increased the conversion of substrate into bioethanol by 76%. The optimized conditions for the production of 40.7 g L-1 bioethanol were a temperature of 31.5 °C and an inoculum concentration of 70 g L-1. Validation in a benchtop bioreactor produced 40.0 g L-1 of bioethanol from hydrolyzed DRB, and the SEED was characterized as a useful tool to improve bioethanol production from DRB. Furthermore, the DRB proved to be a by-product with great potential for bioethanol production, derived from alternative sources not commonly used in human food.
Response of the common bean to liquid fertilizer and Rhizobium tropici inoculation
Authors:   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, EMBRAPA Arroz e Feijão, Silva José Geraldo da , Ferreira Enderson Petrônio de Brito ,   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, EMBRAPA Arroz e Feijão, Damin Virgínia ,   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, EMBRAPA Arroz e Feijão, Nascente Adriano Stephan ,   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, EMBRAPA Arroz e Feijão
Published: November 2020

The common bean production system is majorly based on the use of granular fertilizers to provide nutrients for the crop. Studies on the use of liquid fertilization at an appropriated depth and, seed inoculation with Rhizobium tropici can provide significant increases in the grain yield of the common bean. The objective of this study was to determine the growth and productivity of common bean as affected by N-P formulations, application depths and the inoculation with R. tropici. Field experiments were carried out in 2015 and 2016 cropping years using a complete block design, in a 2x2x2 factorial arrangement, with four replicates. The treatments involved the combination of N-P formulation (granular and liquid), two application depths of the N-P formulation (6 and 12 cm) and with or without rhizobia inoculant. The plant density (PD), number of pods (NP), number of grains (NG), mass of 100 grains (M100) and grain yield (GY) were determined. The granular and liquid N-P formulations provided similar results for PD, NP, NG, and GY of common bean. Similarly, the application depth of the N-P formulations did not affect GY. Inoculation of the seed with R. tropici stimulated NP and NG, increasing GY. Growth and productivity parameters were equally affected by the type of formulation and application depth; however, GY was greater with rhizobial inoculant. Thus, the liquid N-P formulation, applied at 6 cm depth, associated with rhizobial inoculant can improve the crop management providing better control of application uniformity, minimal soil mobilization, less fuel consumption, and increased grain yield.
Energy use efficiency in soybean crops in different regions of Brazil
Authors:   Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Guareschi Roni Fernandes , Martins Marcio dos Reis ,   Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Sarkis Leonardo Fernandes ,   Universidade Federal de Lavras, Alves Bruno José Rodrigues ,   EMBRAPA Agrobiologia, Jantalia Claudia Pozzi ,   EMBRAPA Agrobiologia, Boddey Robert Michael ,   EMBRAPA Agrobiologia, Urquiaga Segundo ,   EMBRAPA Agrobiologia
Published: November 2020

The soybean crop in Brazil has been growing in area and productivity in recent years and the analysis of its energy efficiency is very important to guarantee the sustainability of the production system. Assessment of energy efficiency (EE) enables the evaluation of the sustainability of agrosystems, as well as decision-making regarding the reduction in production costs and negative environmental impacts. In this context, the objective of this study was to assess energy efficiency of soybean in different regions of Brazil. For this purpose, 29 areas of soybean across the major producing states were assessed. Energy inputs and outputs of agricultural operations and/or agricultural inputs were calculated by multiplying the amount used by their calorific value or energy coefficient at each stage of production. Energy efficiency was calculated as the ratio between the total output energy and the total input energy during the production process. For every MJ of energy consumed in the production of soybean crop, 6.1; 6.7; 7.1 and 7.2 MJ of energy were produced in the form of grain, respectively in the areas assessed in the Midwest, northeast, southeast and south regions of Brazil. Generally, the main energy expenditure on soybean cultivation in different regions of Brazil was with fertilizers, seeds and herbicides. The adverse weather conditions of the year / harvest evaluated in the south-central region of Brazil resulted in low soybean yields and consequently resulted in lower energy efficiency in these regions. The evaluation of energy efficiency in soybean crops to be representative must be carried out in different regions and edaphoclimatic conditions.
De grote toezichtsinterviewestafette – deel 4: de Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens
Authors: van Steenbergen Elianne , van Bruggen Frans
Published: November 2020

De grote toezichtsinterviewestafette – deel 4: de Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens

Voor deze aflevering van het estafette-interview spraken Elianne van Steenbergen en Frans van Bruggen namens de redactie van Tijdschrift voor Toezicht met Monique Verdier, sinds 1 februari 2019 vicevoorzitter in de raad van bestuur en Katja Mur, sinds 1 januari 2019 lid van de raad van bestuur. Mede naar aanleiding van de suggesties van Martijn Snoep, bestuurslid van de Autoriteit Consument en Markt (ACM), die we interviewden voor nummer 2020-3 van Tijdschrift voor Toezicht, spraken wij met Katja en Monique over hoe privacy zich verhoudt tot andere publieke waarden en de rol die privacy speelt in de coronacrisis.
Effect of a dual trigger on oocyte maturation in young women with decreased ovarian reserve for the purpose of elective oocyte cryopreservation
Authors: Kim Se Jeong , Kim Tae Hyung , Park Jae Kyun , Eum Jin Hee , Lee Woo Sik , Lyu Sang Woo
Published: November 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether co-administration of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for final oocyte maturation improved mature oocyte cryopreservation outcomes in young women with decreased ovarian reserve (DOR) compared with hCG alone.Methods: Between January 2016 and August 2019, controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) cycles in women (aged ≤35 years, anti-Müllerian hormone [AMH] <1.2 ng/mL) who underwent elective oocyte cryopreservation for fertility preservation were retrospectively analyzed.Results: A total of 76 COS cycles were triggered with a GnRH agonist and hCG (the dual group) or hCG alone (the hCG group). The mean age and serum AMH levels were comparable between the two groups. The duration of stimulation, total dose of follicle-stimulating hormone used, and total number of oocytes retrieved were similar. However, the number of mature oocytes retrieved and the oocyte maturation rate were significantly higher in the dual group than in the hCG group (p=0.010, p<0.001). After controlling for confounders, the dual-trigger method remained a significant factor related to the number of mature oocytes retrieved (p=0.016).Conclusion: We showed improved mature oocyte collection and maturation rate with the dual triggering of oocyte maturation in young women with DOR. A dual trigger appears to be more beneficial than hCG alone in terms of mature oocyte cryopreservation for young women with DOR.