bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Surface morphology on Ion Sputtered of Some III-V (001) Semiconductors
Authors: Saeed Salah
Published: July 2017

Surface patterning of some III-V (001) compounds, under ion irradiation, has been investigated by means of Atomic Force Microscopy. The III-V(001) surfaces were exposed by Ar+ beam with varying incident angles (from 0° to 80° off-normal) with energy 2.0 keV and fluence 8.8 x1016 ion/cm2 at room temperature. Depending on the ion incident angle and target materials, different kinds of nanostructures have been observed on the surfaces, such as nanocavities, nanodots and well-ordered ripples at the oblique incidence angle of irradiation. The orientation of the ripples has been found to be incident angle dependent and it elongates along the projection of the ion beam on the irradiated surface. The RMS roughness and wavelength of the developed nanostructures are dependent on the angle and type of material. The results have been discussed in terms of ballistic processes of sputtering and Bradley Harper theory for surface modifications.
Genetic characterization of peste des petitis ruminants virus (PPRV) from Sulaimani/ Iraq by phylogenetic analysis and sequencing of nucleoprotein and fusion protein gene
Authors: Babashekh Muhamad , Rashid Peshnyar , Marouf Ari , Raheem Zhino , Amin Kamaran
Published: July 2017

An outbreak of peste des petitis ruminants (PPR) in sheep was studied in Sulaimani/

Iraqi Kurdistan Region. The study provided the first molecular characterization of the PPRV

lineage associated with fatal PPR infections in small ruminats. RT-PCR was used for diagnosis

of PPRV outbreaks during 2012-2013 and the phylogenetic analysis results based on F and N

genes. It was observed that three tested samples were positive for PPR, from which the two F

genes (ppr/Kurdistan/2012, ppr2/Kurdistan/2012) were genetically close to the (KF478924 &

JF274480) strain (turkey and Egypt) of lineage IV, respectively with 99% nucleotide sequence

homogeneity. Regarding N gene, it was noticed that one sample (ppr3/Kurdistan/2013) where

genetically close to (FJ795511, DQ840197 & DQ840190) strain (Emirate, Saudi Arabia & Israel)

%99, %98 and %97 respectively. The current study suggested that there are at least two

sources of PPRV in Iraq.
Approximate Solution of Initial Value Problems by Means of Ninth Degree Spline
Authors: HamaSalh Faraidun
Published: July 2017

In this paper, a nonlinear initial value problem is solved numerically by means of ninth

degree spline function. The solution of initial value problems approximated as a linear

interpolation of ninth spline functions. In this method, the basis spline functions are redefined into

a new approximation set of ninth degree spline functions which interpolate the number of select

derivatives. To test the efficiency of the method, two numerical examples of initial value problems

are solved by the proposed method.
The experience of weight loss and its associated burden in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer: results of an online survey
Authors: Rodriguez Ana Maria , Braverman Julia , Aggarwal Dimple , Friend John , Duus Elizabeth
Published: July 2017

Background

The main objectives of this study were to characterize and compare the burden of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients reporting considerable unintentional weight loss (≥ 5% in the past 6 months or ≥ 2% for a BMI < 20 kg/m2) to those who did not.

Methods

Ninety‐five advanced NSCLC patients were surveyed from the online patient‐powered community PatientsLikeMe, which included health‐related quality of life (QLQ‐C15‐PAL), anorexia‐cachexia symptoms/concerns (FAACT A/CS domain), distress levels, clinical/demographic characteristics, and impact of weight loss (open‐ended questions).

Results

Thirty‐five patients (37%) had considerable weight loss at the time of the survey and 60 (63%) did not. Mean age was 59 years, and most were female (81%) and American (81%). Patients with weight loss reported significantly (p < 0.05) lower overall quality of life (55.2 vs. 66.9), worsened anorexia‐cachexia symptoms/concerns (30.7 vs. 36.0), and higher symptomology, specifically fatigue (64.8 vs. 49.1), nausea (19.5 vs. 9.2), and appetite loss (41.0 vs. 23.9) – than patients without weight loss. In addition, significantly more patients who lost weight reported moderate/high distress levels than patients who did not (71% vs. 38%). For patients with weight loss, changes in food taste, fatigue, and decrease in appetite were the most frequently reported symptoms with the greatest impact on their lives, and main worries included loss of energy and disease progression.

Conclusions

Weight loss represents a substantial problem for NSCLC patients and symptoms associated with weight loss significantly impact patient lives. Interventions targeted at maintaining/increasing body weight may help to alleviate these findings.
Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath—Use of fine-needle aspiration cytology for diagnosis
Authors: Meena Neha , Arora Pooja
Published: July 2017

Giant cell tumour of the tendon sheath (GCTTS) is a slow-growing, usually painless benign lesion of soft tissues. We report the case of a 38-year-old male with a painless, slowly enlarging swelling on right thumb in order to highlight the role of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in diagnosing GCTTS.
The effect of training individuals with mild intellectual disability in scaffolding strategies and computer software on their generalization skills
Authors: ELDaou Badrie
Published: July 2017

Objective: The study aimed at investigating the effect of scaffolding strategies as thinking out loud and verbalization of instructions strategies on the generalization skills of language-related concepts in mildly intellectual disabled students. Method: Twenty-seven subjects in three treatments were trained in solving a pattern of the Thurston letter series task. Group1 students received language concepts through training in verbal instructions and thinking out loud strategy. Group 2 students received language concepts training through computers. Group 3 students received training in language concepts through thinking out loud, verbal instructions and computer software. Pre-training measures to subjectsâ€™ chronological age, Verbal Analogies Test and training trials were collected. Training measures pertaining to acquisition, maintenance and generalization of pattern completion tasks were collected. Mean scores and standard deviations were obtained for each dependent measure.

Results: The treatment effect was studied by a series of one way ANOVAS and a tukey post hoc test, which revealed that there was a significant difference between group1 and group 2, since the difference between the means (m1- m3) = -2.556 and p= 0.000. Also, the difference is shown between group 2 and group 3 since the difference between the means (m2- m3) = -2.333 and p= 0.000 and in both cases p is less than 0.05. Moreover, group 3 had a higher mean (M= 3.89) than group2 (M= 1.56) and group1 (M= 1.33).Conclusion: Group 3 had the ability to become self â€“regulated by solving the untrained letter patterns. Thus, we can conclude that training in scaffolding strategies, such as thinking out loud and verbalization of instruction strategies, helped individuals with an intellectual disability to acquire metacognitive strategies. This enabled them to generalize the learning experience and become self-regulated and better problem solvers. Also, using a computer program promoted the use of metacognitive strategies. Once students internalize target strategies, they can transfer these to second language patterns; therefore, it enhances the generalization of learning individuals with an intellectual disability. Recommendations for further research were discussed.

Keywords: Metacognitive strategies, intellectual disability, language related- concepts, thinking out loud; computer training, verbal instructions, scaffolding strategy.
Separation axioms in \(L\)-fuzzifying supra-topology
Authors: Mousa A. K.
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we define and investigate the notions of \(L\)-separation axioms in \(L\)-fuzzifying supra-topology. Also, some of their characterizations and a systematic discussion on the relationship among these notions is gave in \(L\)-fuzzifying supra-topology where \(L\) is a complete residuated lattice. Sometimes we need more conditions on \(L\) such as the completely distributive law or that the "\(\wedge\)" is distributive over arbitrary joins or the double negation law as we illustrate through this paper. As applications of our work the corresponding results (see \cite{2, 13}) are generalized and new consequences are obtained.
PEMANFAATAN MIKROKONTROLER AT89S51 DALAM RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM WATER INJECTION BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER PADA SEPEDA MOTOR
Authors: Basori Basori , Subagsono Subagsono , Bugis Husin
Published: July 2017

The rapid development of information technology makes a lot of electronic components used in
various fields. The component that is often used is a microcontroller. The microcontroller is used as the
regulator and the automation system. This study aims to design a microcontroller-based water injection (WAI)
system on the motorcycle.
The experiment was conducted with an experimental method. Object of the research is honda mega
pro 2009 motorcycle. The design of microcontroller-based WaI done through the following steps: (1) designing
a microcontroller-based WaI system using the proximity sensor signals, (2) designing the voltage regulator
circuit, (3) designing AT89S51 microcontroller circuit, (4) designing injector circuit, (5) designing a series of
7-segment display, and (6) making programming the microcontrol ler on the WaI that is used to inject water or a
mixture of water and methanol into the fuel chamber.
The research showed that the microcontroller-based WaI can work correctly when applied to
motorcycles. This system works for injecting water or a mixture of water and methanol into the combustion
chamber. Injection is done when the suction valve is open. This condition is known by placing a proximity
sensor. On the other hand, the frequency of water or a mixture of water and methanol injection were governed
by the microcontroller through the injector.
The results showed that the microcontroller-based WaI can work correctly and properly.
TINJAUAN PENAMBAHAN LIMBAH STYROFOAM DAN FLY ASH TERHADAP BERAT JENIS, KUAT TEKAN DAN KUAT LENTUR BETON RINGAN STRUKTURAL
Authors: Sunarsih Ernawati Sri , Adi Sucipto Taufiq Lilo
Published: July 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1)Pengaruh penambahan styrofoam dan fly ash terhadap
berat jenis beton ringan struktural; (2)Pengaruh penambahan styrofoam dan fly ash terhadap kuat tekan beton
ringan struktural dan (3)Pengaruh penambahan styrofoam dan fly ash terhadap kuat lentur beton ringan
struktural.
Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian eksperimen. Variabel dari penelitian ini ada dua yaitu variabel
bebas dan variabel terikat. Variabel bebasnya adalah variasi styrofoam 20%, 30%, 40% dari kebutuhan agregat
kasar dan variasi fly ash 0%, 20%, 30%, 40% dari kebutuhan semen. Sedangkan variabel terikatnya adalah berat
jenis, kuat tekan dan kuat lentur beton. Benda uji untuk uji berat jenis dan kuat tekan beton berbentuk silinder
diameter 15 cm dan tinggi 30 cm. Sedangkan untuk uji kuat lentur berbentuk persegipanjang dengan sisi 15 cm
dan panjang 60 cm. Mutu beton rencana 25 Mpa dan di uji pada umur 28 hari.
Dari hasil pengujian diketahui bahwa: (1) Penggantian sebagian agregat kasar dengan styrofoam
mengurangi kuat tekan beton, semakin besar prosentase styrofoam maka semakin rendah kuat tekan beton.
Penggantian sebagian semen dengan fly ash meningkatkan kuat tekan beton. Namun setelah tercapai nilai
optimum maka penambahan fly ash kedalam campuran beton akan mengakibatkan penurunan kuat tekan beton.
Dan dari semua kuat tekan beton yang dihasilkan, tidak satupun yang memenuhi persyaratan kuat tekan beton
ringan struktural, yaitu harus lebih besar dari 17,24 MPa; (2) Penggantian sebagian agregat kasar dengan
styrofoam mengurangi berat jenis beton, semakin besar prosentase styrofoam maka semakin rendah berat jenis
beton. Penggantian sebagian semen dengan fly ash meningkatkan berat jenis beton, semakin besar prosentase fly
ash maka semakin besar pula berat jenis beton. Dan dari semua berat jenis beton yang dihasilkan , tidak satupun
yang memenuhi persyaratan berat jenis beton ringan struktural, yaitu harus lebih kecil dari 1850 kg/m3; (3)
Penggantian sebagian agregat kasar dengan styrofoam mengurangi kuat lentur beton, semakin besar prosentase
styrofoam maka semakin rendah kuat lentur beton. Penggantian sebagian semen dengan fly ash meningkatkan
kuat tekan beton. Namun jika penambahan fly ash terlalu berlebihan maka akan mengakibatkan penurunan
kekuatan beton. Penggantian sebagian semen oleh fly ash yang
KAJIAN PENERAPAN GREEN BUILDING PADA GEDUNG BANK INDONESIA SURAKARTA
Authors: Adi Sucipto Taufiq Lilo , Dwi Hatmoko Jati Utomo , Sumarni Sri , Pujiastuti Jeni
Published: July 2017

Sektor konstruksi diketahui memberikan dampak cukup besar bagi lingkungan. Sektor konstruksi berkontribusi
menghasilkan emisi gas karbon lebih dari 40%, menggunakan material dari alam yang jumlahnya cukup besar,
menyumbangkan limbah, serta mengurangi daerah untuk resapan air dan area hijau. Atas dasar inilah dalam
kerangka pembangunan berkelanjutan, para praktisi di dunia konstruksi terus didorong untuk menerapkan
konsep green building. Saat ini keberadaan green building di Indonesia masih sangat sedikit, sehingga konsep
dan pemahaman konsep green building di Indonesia masih harus terus disosialisasikan dan didorong
penerapannya. Penelitian ini bermaksud mengeksplorasi penerapan konsep green building pada gedung Bank
Indonesia (BI) Surakarta. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengidentifikasi latar belakang dan proses penerapan konsep
green building pada gedung tersebut, serta mengetahui pandangan dan peran dari dari pihak-pihak yang terlibat
dalam proses perencanaan, pembangunan serta penggunaannya. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan
kombinasi metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif dari owner, konsultan perencana, kontraktor dan pengguna gedung.
Untuk memastikan kualitas data yang dikumpulkan, dilakukan triangulasi teknik pengumpulan data meliputi
observasi, wawancara mendalam, kuesioner dan studi dokumentasi. Penentuan sampel sumber data dilakukan
secara purposive. Analisis data kualitatif dilakukan melalui proses data reduction, data display, dan verification.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komitmen yang kuat dari owner sebagai pioneer dalam mewujudkan bangunan
yang ramah lingkungan dan hemat energi sebagai alasan utama penerapan konsep green building pada Gedung
BI Surakarta. Aplikasi green building yang diterapkan meliputi: penggunaan solar panel sebagai sumber energi
alternatif, penggunaan kaca low-e sebagai pencahayaan alami, memanfatkan air limbah untuk di daur ulang,
ruang terbuka hijau yang maksimal, adanya reflecting pool, penggunaan peralatan mekanikal-elektrikal yang
hemat energi, terdapat parkir sepeda dan shower compartement, terdapat BAS (Building Automation System),
perlengkapan sanitary yang ramah lingkungan, serta lingkungan kerja yang sehat dan nyaman. Owner,
kontraktor dan pengguna gedung memiliki persepsi positif dan peran serta yang cukup besar dalam mewujudkan
green building. Meskipun kontraktor memiliki persepsi yang positif namun dalam proses konstruksi terdapat
beberapa hal yang dirasakan menjadi beban kontraktor antara lain proses konstruksi dan proses administrasi
yang lebih rumit, serta timbulnya biaya-biaya ekstra yang harus ditanggung kontraktor. Pemerintah diharapkan
dapat memberikan berbagai insentif yang mendorong penerapan konsep green building.
OPTIMALISASI PENGGANTIAN BAHAN IKAT SMART CONCRETE (SELF HEALING CONCRETE) UNTUK DAERAH RAWAN GEMPA
Authors: Agustin Rima Sri , Kristiawan Stefanus Adi
Published: July 2017

Inovasi dalam perkembangan teknologi beton menampilkan jenis beton yang mempunyai kemampuan untuk
menyembuhkan diri saat terjadi keretakan yang dikenal sebagai self healing concrete (SHC). Rancang campur SHC
mencakup kelecekan (workability,) kuat tekan dan permeabilitas. Penggunaan fly ash bervariasi dari 0 – 55% dari
berat semen yang digantikan.
Pemanfaatan fly ash dalam beton berfungsi mengubah CaOH menjadi C-S-H. CaOH merupakan unsur
lemah dalam beton menjadi C-S-H yang memiliki fungsi pengikat dan memberikan kontribusi pada kekuatan beton.
Butiran fly ash yang berukuran lebih kecil dari semen dimanfaatkan sebagai filler yang memiliki peran ganda:
sebagai pengisi ruang-ruang kosong antar agregat dalam beton sehingga gradasi campuran lebih “smooth” sekaligus
berperan sebagai lubrikan yang dapat meningkatkan workability campuran (Haque et al 1984). Pemakaian fly ash
juga akan mengurangi penggunaan semen, makin sedikit semen yang digunakan akan menurunkan suhu reaksi
sehingga kemungkinan retak akibat efek termal tereduksi (Mehta et al 2006). Pengurangan jumlah semen juga
berdampak pada peningkatan workability campuran beton. Ditinjau dari permeabilitas, butiran fly ash yang halus
akan meningkatkan kepadatan beton sehingga akan semakin kecil permeabilitasnya.
Dari hasil pengujian, analisis data dan pembahasan maka dapat ditarik beberapa kesimpulan sebagai
berikut: Penggunaan fly ash dengan kadar tertentu dapat mempengaruhi sifat beton segar yang dihasilkan, semakin
tinggi kandungan fly ash yang digunakan semakin baik pula workability dan flowability beton segar yang dihasilkan.
Penggunaan material fly ash dapat menurunkan biaya produksi untuk beton normal yang memiliki sifat self healing
concrete (SHC) karena dapat mereduksi sebagian atau lebih kebutuhan penggunaan semen pada campuran beton.
Salah satu faktor utama yang mempengaruhi nilai kuat tekan beton adalah umur beton. Penggunaan kadar fly ash
diatas 50% dari berat binder yang digunakan memiliki nilai kuat tekan awal yang kurang baik untuk pengerjaan
beton yang memerlukan waktu pengerasan dan kekuatan awal yang tinggi, karena proses pengerasan ( setting time)
dan penambahan kekuatan betonnya agak lambat pada umur beton kurang dari 28 hari. Setelah umur 28 hari kuat
tekan beton yang menggunakan fly ash sebagai penggantian sebagian semen mengalami kenaikan sebesar 25% pada
kadar 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% dan 45% dibanding dengan beton konvensional. Tetapi pada kadar 55% kuat
tekan beton menurun. Kuat tekan optimum terjadi pada kadar 45%. Penggunaan fly ash sebagai pengganti semen
dapat memperkecil nilai koefisien permeabilitas beton. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut,maka SHC diharapkan
mempunyai kelebihan dibandingkan dengan beton konvensional dalam hal kelecekan (workability), kuat tekan dan
permeabilitas yang akan meningkatkan ketahanan beton (durability).
EFEKTIFITAS KOMUNIKASI PEMBELAJARAN ONLINE DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA E-LEARNING PADA PERKULIAHAN BODY OTOMOTIF
Authors: Basori Basori
Published: July 2017

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of learning communication with e -learning models on
the Body of Automotive lecture. The course material is included in the e -learning website at FKIP UNS.
The methods of this study is a qualitative methods and it is used the Ex Post Facto. The population of
the study was all students taking the automotive concentration. Data collection was done through a
questionnaire. Data analysis was done by a descriptive.
Based on the study result, we got the conclusion that: (1) the teaching material is quite understandable
by students, (2) the material such as text, images, sound, and harmony in all three teaching materials can be
received clearly by students, (3) The teaching material increases knowledge of students, (4 ) e-learning mode
directs the student to agree with the teaching material, (5) e-learning mode encourages the students to
complete the task of e-learning teaching material. In general, the study found that the delivery of course
material’s to students through the e-learning model’s was effective. so, we could concluded the learning
communication is effective.
KUALITAS REPAIR WELDING DENGAN METODE OXY-ACITELYN PADA CAST WHEEL ALUMINIUM
Authors: Harjanto Budi
Published: July 2017

Penelitian yang telah dilakukan adalah reparasi cast wheel (velg) aluminium yang sudah mengalami
kerusakan (retak) dengan metode pengelasan Oksi-Asitelin. Pengelasan pada velg berbahan Aluminium
memungkinkan digunakan untuk memperbaiki kerusakan sejauh kekuatan sambungan las tersebut mendekati
kekuatan dari velg utuh.
Sebelum percobaan pengelasan Oksi-Asitelin dilakukan, maka dilakukan dahulu beberapa pengujian
untuk mengetahui data awal. Pengujian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi material asli (base material). Dari
pengujian awal diperoleh bahwa material asli adalah Al-7,3%Si yang memiliki kekerasan sebesar 57,63 HBN
dan memiliki kekuatan impak sebesar 0,108 Joule/mm2. Data yang diperoleh pada pengujian tersebut merupakan
data acuan untuk menjadi pembanding hasil percobaan dengan pengelasan Oksi-Asitelin.
Hasil uji kekerasan proses pengelasan Oksi-Asitelin untuk daerah perbatasan antara logam induk dan
logam lasan adalah 38,69 BHN sedangkan pada logam lasan sebesar 54,80 BHN..Hasil uji impak untuk
pengelasan Oksi-Asitelin sebesar 0,085 Joule/mm2.
Dari hasi pengujian kekerasan dan impak dapat diketahui bahwa nilai kekerasan dan kekuatan impak
hasil lasan masih lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan kekerasan dan kekuatan impak logam induk. Hal ini berarti
bahwa hasil pengelasan belum layak digunakan, karena nilai kekerasan dari hasil pengelasan belum mendekati
nilai kekerasan logam induk.
Abatement of organic pollutants using fly ash based adsorbents
Authors: Adegoke Kayode Adesina , Oyewole Rhoda Oyeladun , Lasisi Bukola Morenike , Bello Olugbenga Solomon
Published: July 2017

The presence of organic pollutants in the environment is of major concern because of their toxicity, bio-accumulating tendency, threat to human life and the environment. It is a well-known fact that, these pollutants can damage nerves, liver, and bones and could also block functional groups of essential enzymes. Conventional methods for removing dissolved pollutants include chemical precipitation, chemical oxidation or reduction, filtration, ion-exchange, electrochemical treatment, application of membrane technology, evaporation recovery and biological treatment. Although all the pollutant treatment techniques can be employed, they have their inherent advantages and limitations. Among all these methods, adsorption process is considered better than other methods because of convenience, easy operation and simplicity of design. A fundamentally important characteristic of good adsorbents is their high porosity and consequent larger surface area with more specific adsorption sites. This paper presents a review of adsorption of different pollutants using activated carbon prepared from fly ash sources and the attendant environmental implications. Also, the ways of overcoming barriers to fly ash utilization together with regeneration studies are also discussed.
Extracellular polymeric substance production in high rate algal oxidation ponds
Authors: Jimoh Taobat A. , Cowan A. Keith
Published: July 2017

Integrated algal pond systems (IAPSs) combine anaerobic and aerobic bioprocesses to affect sewage treatment. The present work describes the isolation and partial characterisation of soluble extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) associated with microalgal bacterial flocs (MaB-flocs) generated in high rate algal oxidation ponds (HRAOPs) of an IAPS treating domestic sewage. Productivity and change in MaB-flocs concentration, measured as mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) between morning (MLSSAM) and evening (MLSSPM) were monitored and the substructure of the MaB-flocs matrix examined by biochemical analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Results show that MaB-flocs from HRAOPs are assemblages of microorganisms produced as discrete aggregates as a result of microbial EPS production. Formation and accumulation of the EPS was stimulated by light. Analysis by FT-IR revealed characteristic carbohydrate enrichment of these polymeric substances. In contrast, FT-IR spectra of EPSs from dark-incubated MaB-flocs confirmed that these polymers contained increased aliphatic and aromatic functionalities relative to carbohydrates. These differences, it was concluded, were due to dark-induced transition from phototrophic to heterotrophic metabolism. The results negate microalgal cell death as a contributor to elevated chemical oxygen demand of IAPS treated water.
Adverse Selection of Voluntary Health Insurance Scheme Proposed by the Hong Kong Government
Authors: Man Ka Kit
Published: July 2017

In response to increasing public heath expenditure, the Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR Government) published a consultation document in October 2010 proposing a government-regulated “Voluntary Health Insurance Scheme”. The present study conducts game theoretic analysis and reveals that, under specific information structure, the implementation of such a proposal would result in adverse selection in medical insurance market, resulting in outcomes in opposition to the government’s intention.
Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Brazilian Patients Wearing Three Types of Lower Dentures: Psychosocial and Clinical Aspects
Authors: M. R. Campos , P. S. P. Carvalho , W. V. B. Moura , P. M. M. M. Moura , M. O. Vasconcelos
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the oral health-related Quality of Life (QoL) of patients with edentulous lower jaws rehabilitated with conventional or implant-supported dentures. In the quest for greater QoL, especially among the elderly, it is important to evaluate how the use of dentures impacts physical and emotional well-being. Brazilian health care policy makers should be informed of the advantages of rehabilitation with implant-supported dentures. A cohort of 78 edentulous seniors was divided into three groups of 26 according to denture type: Conventional (CD), Implant-Supported Overdenture (IOD) and Fixed-Implant Prosthesis (FIP). To evaluate QoL, clinical and sociodemographic information was collected and the OHIP-20 questionnaire was administered, using a 5-point frequency scale, including a “don’t know” option. Chewing and pronunciation were less impacted in FIP and IOD than in CD (p=0.013 and p=0.027, respectively), while patients in the CD group reported more adaptation difficulties (p=0.006) and more frequent avoidance of hard-to-chew foods (p=0.032). The majority reported no interference of dentures with appearance and social life, regardless of denture type. Depending on the patient’s biological and financial circumstances, implant-supported dentures is the form of rehabilitation of edentulism providing the greatest improvement in QoL. The reported limitations and difficulties had no significant impact on satisfaction and QoL.
Pricing of and Access to Essential Medicines in Mongolia
Authors: Dorj Gereltuya
Published: July 2017

No abstract in English
Regulation of Energy Metabolism: An Important Facet of P53 Function
Authors: Gilbert Marc , Lkhagvasuren Enkhsaikhan , Boldbaatar Damdindorj , Magnan Christophe
Published: July 2017

Objectives: p53 is a key tumor suppressor protein that has a diverse range of functions which help to prevent cancer development. Given that metabolic alterations are common features of cancer cells it has been recently suggested that p53 has an important role in controlling metabolic pathways. The aim of this review is to provide an update of our current understanding of the role and mechanisms of p53 in maintaining the homeostasis of cellular energy metabolism. Methods: the studies which are reported, focus on the regulation of p53-targeted genes which are mainly involved in the glycolytic pathway, oxidative phosphorylation and the signaling pathway regulating cell proliferation. Results: To meet the high demand of energy and precursors for macromolecule biosynthesis, cancer cells markedly increase their glucose uptake to fuel:1) the glycolytic pathway in order to rapidly generate energy (ATP) and 2) the metabolic pathways which give rise to macromolecules to support uncontrolled cell growth. The net effect of p53 is to repress the glycolytic flux at different steps through multiple mechanisms, to maintain the oxidative phosphorylation, to decrease the fatty acid synthesis and to partly inhibit the growth signaling pathway of IGF1. Taken together these effects are detrimental for the cell survival and participate to the tumor suppressive effect of p53. Conclusion: This review clearly indicates that p53 has the capacity to control, in physiological conditions and in cancer cells, the expression of metabolism-related genes that are important regulators of metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid metabolism and mTOR signaling. Consequently, a better understanding of the complex network connecting p53 and the metabolic pathways may allow the discovery of novel anticancer tools.
Association of Serum Iron Parameters with Activity of Liver Enzymes in Mongolian Patients with Chronic Hepatitis "C"
Authors: Ganbold Uugantsetseg , Dalkh Tserendagva , Tsogbadrakh Odgerel
Published: July 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum iron parameters with the activity of liver enzymes among patients with HCV in Mongolia. Methods: Twenty patients with HCV, who were registered at the National Center for Communicable Diseases, Mongolia, participated in our study. Serum iron and serum ferritin levels were determined using immunoassay. Hepcidin levels were analyzed using ELISA. Results: Liver enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and alanine transaminase (ALAT), were 65.79 ± 0.52u/l and 51.22 ± 0.54 u/l, respectively. Serum iron levels were high (>180μg/dl) in 20% of patients, while serum ferritin levels were high in (>300ng/ml) in 25% of patients. Serum ferritin levels were strongly correlated with elevated ASAT (r = 0.62, p = 0.005) and ALAT (r = 0.53, p = 0.02). Additionally, serum iron was strongly correlated with ASAT (r = 0.61, p = 0.002) and ALAT (r = 0.53, p = 0.02). No correlation was identified between ASAT or ALAT and hepcidin. Conclusion: ALAT and ASAT levels were directly associated with increased levels of serum iron, but not serum ferritin. Serum hepcidin levels may affect ASAT levels.
Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of the Poll Gland Secretions of the Bactrian Camel (Camelus bactrianus)
Authors: Batdorj Batjargal , Purev Munkh-Erdene , Bayandorj Tserenjadamba , Lkhagvasuren Damdindorj , Tsendsuren Oyunsuren
Published: July 2017

Objectives: To determine chemical composition and antioxidant activity of poll gland secretions. Methods: Physical and chemical constituents, such as moisture and ash content, were determined using standard methods, crude fat was determined using the Soxhlet method, and organic composition was analyzed using GC-MS. Macro- and micro- element contents were determined using ICP-OES. Protein concentration was determined using the Bradford assay, and protein profiles were determined using SDS-PAGE. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH free-radical scavenging technique. Results: Camel poll gland secretions contained 23 minerals. Potassium (89030 mg/kg) was most predominant, followed by calcium (12955 mg/kg), iron (8546 g/kg), aluminum (6105 mg/kg), magnesium (4563 mg/kg), sodium (2452 mg/kg), and zinc (14198 mg/kg). Total protein content was 11.7%. SDS-PAGE analysis of poll gland secretions revealed the presence of three different protein bands with the molecular weights of 35kDa, 68kDa and 130.5kDa. 12 organic compounds were determined by GC-MS in the poll gland secretions. Antioxidant activity of poll gland secretions was IC 50-176.2 µg/ ml. Conclusion: Proteins with the molecular weights of 35kDa, 68kDa, and 130.5kDa were determined in poll gland secretions, and they displayed potent antioxidant activity.
Association of Apolipoprotein A-V Gene Polymorphisms and Lipid Metabolism in Mongolian Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Chuluun-Erdene Ariunbold , Dagdan Batnanran , Sengeragchaa Orgil , Sanjmyatav Purevjal , Janlav Munkhtsetseg
Published: July 2017

Objectives: Our study determined the genetic effect of Apolipoprotein A-V (APOA5) gene polymorphisms on lipid parameters in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: 160 patients with MetS and 144 healthy individuals were selected for the case and control groups, respectively. APOA5 gene polymorphisms (-1131T>C, IVS3+476G>A, c.1177C>T, c.1259T>C) were genotyped using PCR-RFLP. Results: Serum levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride were higher in the MetS group than the control group (p=0.028, p<0.001), while high density lipoprotein levels was lower in the MetS group than the control group (p=0.048). The -1131C allele frequency was higher in the MetS group than the control group (p=0.048). Results of regression analysis showed that APOA5−1131C carriers had increased incidences of MetS (OR=1.87, p=0.010). The frequency of the haplotype C-A-T-C was higher in the MetS group than the control group (p=0.027). In the MetS group, the triglyceride level was significantly higher in the minor allele carriers of -1131T>C, IVS3+476G>A, c.1177C>T. Conclusion: Our results suggest that, among the APOA5 SNPs, the C allele of -1131T>C polymorphism is a risk factor for MetS.
Detection of Common Bacterial Causes of STIs among STD Clinic Attendees by Gram Stain and Culture versus the Microarray Nucleic Acid Hybridization Method
Authors: Badrakh Jugderjav , Aumakhan Bulbul , Oidov Baatarkhuu , Ganbat Unursaikhan , Choijiljav Erdenechimeg , Nymadawa Naranbat , Pagvajav Nymadawa
Published: July 2017

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence and etiology of predominant sexually transmitted infections (STIs) occurring among the STD and Gynecology Clinic attendees and to compare sensitivity and specificity of conventional versus molecular diagnostic methods. Methods: A total of 1,441 individuals were recruited from the STD clinic at the National Center for Communicable Diseases and Gynecology Clinic at the National Center for Oncology between 2014 and 2015. Urogenital tract swab samples were collected and tested for N.gonorrhoeae, C.trachomatis, and T.vaginalis using conventional (Gram stain and culture) and molecular (Microarray Nucleic Acid Hybridization - MNAHM) diagnostic methods. The final infection status of participants was determined using the “either test positive” strategy. Results: Of the total 1,441 participants, 19.7% were N.gonorrhoeae infected, 12.5% were C.trachomatis infected, and 7.8% were T.vaginalis infected. For T. vaginalis, conventional methods and MNAHM had sensitivities of 17.9% and 98.2%, with specificities of 96.6% and 99.6%, respectively. For N.gonorrhoeae, conventional methods had sensitivity and specificity values of 33.3% and 99.1%, and MNAHM had values of 95.1% and 98.8%, respectively. Conclusion: The study found a high prevalence of N.gonorrhoeae and C.trachomatis among STD and Gynecology Clinic attendees. Conventional methods for detection of N.gonorrhoeae and T.vaginalis were significantly less sensitive than molecular diagnostic methods and didn’t detect other STI pathogens.
Short-Term Prognostic Value of Strain Echocardiography in Patients with STEMI
Authors: Khuyag Batmyagmar , Chimed Surenjav , Baldanndorj Amarjargal , Zundui Lkhagvasuren , Davaakhuu Narantuya
Published: July 2017

Objectives: Left ventricular (LV) systolic function is major predictor of outcome after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In recent years, speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) derived strain measurement has been demonstrated to directly reflect myocardial deformation patterns and to be superior to conventional echocardiographic measurements. Our study aimed to reveal the prognostic value of strain parameters for 30-day mortality in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: We prospectively included patients with STEMI after primary PCI treatment. The primary endpoint was 30-day mortality. 2D STE was used to determine LV strain parameters. Results: 414 patients were selected. 30-day mortality occurred in 15 patients (3.6%). LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) was significantly impaired in the 30-day mortality group compared with survivors (-8.0±2.6% vs. -15.4±3.8%, p<0.001). Multivariate regression revealed that LV GLS was independently associated with 30-day mortality (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.23-2.38, p<0.001). Adding GLS into the clinical and echocardiographic model improved model performance. Conclusion:The LV GLS parameter is an independent predictor of 30-day mortality in patients with STEMI after primary PCI treatment. Adding LV GLS into the prediction model improved its predictive performance.
Isolation of two flavonoids and mannitol from Lagotis integrifolia (Willd.) Schischk (Scrophulariaceae)
Authors: Chuluunbaatar Erdenechimeg , Sodnomtseren Prevsuren , Chimedtseren Chimedragchaa , Batsuren Ganpurev , Dulamjav Batsuren
Published: July 2017

Objectives: Lagotis integrifolia (Willd.) Schischk is an ingredient in many traditional Mongolian medicine prescriptions used for the treatment of hot-natured disorder, impure blood caused disorder, disorders of the vital organs, diphtheria, anthrax, and pneumonia. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the compounds contained in Lagotis integrifolia. Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified using column chromatography, crystallization, and recrystallization methods. Chemical structures were elucidated using MS, 1H, 13C, HSQC, HMBC, and 1H-1H COSY NMR. Results: We identified 7-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl) chromen-4-one (diosmetin), luteolin-7-O-glucopyranoside (cynaroside), and mannitol. Conclusion: Diosmetin and cynaroside were obtained from Lagotis integrifolia for the first time in Mongolia.
Lateral Cephalometric Linear Measurement Standards of Mongolian Children with Normal Occlusion from 6-7 Years of Age
Authors: Sainbayar Bolormaa , Ganburged Ganjargal , Demid Odonchimeg , Bazar Oyuntsetseg , Moriyama Keiji
Published: July 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze craniofacial linear dimensions in subjects with normal occlusions to establish age and gender-specific lateral cephalometric linear measurement norms for Mongolian children. Methods: 161 six year old children and 122 seven year old children were recruited for this study. Digital cephalograms of 75 six year old children (34 male and 41female), 49 seven year old children (22 male and 27 female) were selected to establish lateral cephalometric linear measurement norms. Anatomic landmarks were identified directly on the digital images. The means and standard deviations of linear measurements were calculated using 18 variables. Student’s t-test was employed to test for gender differences in each age. Results: Anterior cranial base length and midfacial length were significantly larger in six year old male subjects. Mo-Ms and A-Ptm were significantly larger in seven year old male subjects. Conclusion: Our results showed that linear craniofacial dimension of the hard tissue was gender-dependent. Therefore, gender-specific differences of craniofacial distances should be taken into account during diagnosis and treatment planning. The results from this study can be used as reference values for 6-7 years old children of Mongolia.
Result of Bortezomib Induction Therapy Prior to Stem Cell Transplantation in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Cases in Mongolia
Authors: Batsukh Khishigjargal , Norov Oyundelger , Jigjidkhorloo Narangerel , Boldbaatar Altanshagai , Tungalag Saruul , Gunchin Batbaatar , Tsogbadrakh Odgerel
Published: July 2017

Objectives: For last 5 years, we have focused on establishing autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in Mongolia. Herein, we report on three Mongolian multiple myeloma (MM) cases treated with bortezomib and dexamethasone (VD) prior to ASCT. Methods: The MM diagnosis was confirmed by bone marrow aspiration, urine protein electrophoresis, and serum protein electrophoresis. Results: Circulating white blood cells appeared 8-10 days after ASCT. Platelet levels recovered 10 -15 days after ASCT. Conclusion: In our MM cases, the VD regimen prior to ASCT obtained good response rates without the impairment of stem cells.
Extrapyramidal Dysfunction as a Consequence of Hypoxic Brain Injury
Authors: Tserensodnom Bayasgalan , Baatar Khandsuren , Jambaldorj Ariunaa , Surenjav Dariimaa , Manjaa Ichinkhorloo
Published: July 2017

Objective: A case of parkinsonism after hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy is reported. Methods and Results: A 34-year-old woman presented parkinsonism due to hypoxic-anoxic encephalopathy. The manifestation of parkinsonian syndrome was more present axially, than in the limb. She has also experienced cognitive deficits. The brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) studies have shown abnormalities in putamen, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus and cerebral cortex. Conclusions: Diversity of clinical features may be depend on different neuropathological damage and neurotransmitter disbalance within the basal ganglia after a hypoxic-ischemic arrest, as seen in our patient. Therefore, understanding of all factors that contribute hypoxic brain injury is important to determine the clinical outcome and further management of patients.
Molecular Biology of the Cell, Sixth edition
Authors: Jamiyansuren Jambaldorj , Khurelbaatar Tsevelnorov
Published: July 2017

No   abstract in English
Power Quality Enhancement Using a Unified Compensator and Switched Filter - Capacitor Compensator.
Authors: A. M. Sharaf  , Pierre Kreidi
Published: July 2017

The paper presents a low cost pulsc-widthmodulated Unificd Power Filter/Capacitive Compensation(UPFCC) schee.The unified filter-action combined withcapacitive compensation result in increased power quality andenergy conservation for a wide class of temporal, inrush-type.switch mode power supply and other nonlinear loads.
Neural Network and Daubechies Wavelet in Power System Protection.
Authors: A.L. Orille  , J. Iglesias Lorenzo  , S. Bogarra
Published: July 2017

Wavelet theory is a mathematical tool which has been developed independently for various signal processing applications: multiresolution signal processing, subband coding and wavelet expansion. The Wavelet Transform (WT) has become an important tool for power engineering, because it is an alternative to classical methods (the Fourier Transform). This form of signal analysis is far more efficient than Fourier in cases where a signal is dominated by transient behaviour or discontinuities. Neural networks are appropiate and especially powerfull when they are used to find such relationships that are difficult to describe explicity. This work explains a neural network-wavelet based protection relay.
Dynamic and Steady State Modelling of the Doubly Fed Twin Stator Induction Generator With Core Loss.
Authors: G. Boardman  , J.G. Zhu  , Q. P. Ha
Published: July 2017

This paper presents dynamic and steady state models of the brushless doubly fed twin stator induction machine (BDFTSIM) with emphasis on its use as a generator. The dynamic models are presented in the general reference frame. The models include the effects of core loss on both the stator and the rotor. The frequency on the rotor of the BDFTSIM is much higher than in a standard induction machine so that core losses can not be neglected. The performance analysis indicates the feasibility of the BDFTSIM as a variable speed wind generator
Electromagnetic Forces in Induction Motor With Nonsinusoidal Power Supply.
Authors: M.Roytgarts
Published: July 2017

Magnetic flux density and electromagnetic forces of induction motors at sinusoidal and nonsinusoidal power supply are analyzed. On the basis of asymptotic small parameter expansions depending on the level of higher time harmonics in the supply current waveform the most essential components of radial and tangential forces are singled out. With the given current waveform preliminary estimations of the relation of electromagnetic forces and torques of geometrically similar motors are obtained.
It is shown that even insignificant distortions in the supply current waveform may bear negative effect on increase in vibrations due to some additional torques and forces. These forces are conditioned by interaction of the main field and linear load waves from the current first and higher time harmonics. In relative units they are comparable with forces of interaction of the field tooth harmonics. Increase in the current harmonics leads to proportional increase in electromagnetic forces. At significant current harmonics some additional rise of the total level and enrichment of the spectrum of forces due to interaction of the field higher time harmonics between themselves takes place.
The computation results are compared with the experimental data for an induction motor power supplied from a pulse-width frequency converter.
Analysis of Harmonic Current Propagation in Industrial Sectorin Function of the Load Level
Authors: João Pedro Trovão  , Humberto Jorge
Published: July 2017

This article presents the influence of the loadlevel variation in the power quality. The study it is based on apunctual audit, made to a group of loads in a cement industry,with experimental data acquired by monitoring equipment.Quality indexes of Power Energy Industrial System aredetermined for different points of the network, such as points ofcommon coupling, disturbing load points, linear load points andreactive energy compensation points. The monitored data areanalyzed, according to the patterns of the IEEE 519-1992standard. Using audit results along with system data, a PowerEnergy Industrial System simulation model is developed inMATLAB®/SIMULINK®. This model is then used to extrapolatethe Harmonic Distortion Propagation at the industry plant, forother load levels apart from the monitored ones. Theinformation related to Harmonic Distortion Propagation fordifferent load levels is used to strengthen the conclusions ofPower Energy Industrial System audits.
The Use of an Active Power Filter for Harmonic Elimination, and Power Quality Improvement in a Nonlinear Loaded Electrical Installation.
Authors: António P. Martins
Published: July 2017

Consumer electronics, domestic appliances and a large range of industrial applications, namely power electronics based, can cause high disturbances in the supplied electricity. In this paper, the power quality characteristics is addressed in terms of the related standards and in the possible measures to increase it. Going from single to three phase networks and discussing passive and active filtering solutions, the paper presents simulation and experimental results obtained with a three phase active filter prototype.
Modelling and Simulation Tool for the Analysis of Electric Power Quality Issues.
Authors: F. Magnago  , C. Reineri  , R. Lima  , E. Belenguer
Published: July 2017

In this paper a software tool developed for analysing the power quality of electric systems is described. The program provides accurate modelling of non-linear elements that can be included into typical electric network. Users may choose to build the network or select between typical distribution networks provided within the program. The software allows the user to simulate an entire electric network or input real time signals in order to characterize, classify, and analyse power quality events. It provides a fast and low cost solution for power quality analysis. An example is included in the paper to illustrate the usage and capabilities of the program.