bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Derivation of Nonlinear Equations for Surface of Fluid Adhering to a Moving Plate Withdrawn From Liquid Pool
Authors: Kazachkov Іvan V.
Published: July 2022

The processes of the magnetic tape producing, wire adhering, as well as many other important technological processes, include preparing some special materials’ adhering to a product surface. For a surface withdrawn from the molten metal or the other liquid material there is a problem to determine a profile of a film surface. In this paper, the mathematical model developed for simulation of the adhering process of viscous liquid film to a slowly moving plate, which is vertically withdrawn from the molten metal or the other fluid capacity. The Navier-Stokes equations for a film flow on a surface of the withdrawn plate are considered with the corresponding boundary conditions, and the polynomial approximation is used for the film flow profile. The equations, after integration across the layer of a film flow, result in the system of partial differential equations for the wavy surface ζ(t,x) of a film flow, of flow rate q(t,x) and of flow energy Q(t,x).The derived equations are used for analysis of the nonlinear film flow that determines the quality of a fluid adhering on a surface of the withdrawn plate.
A Way of Estimating the Intensity of Connections Between the Parameters of a Dynamic System
Authors: Cardei Petru
Published: July 2022

In many cases, the influence of some of the characteristic parameters of some systems becomes important in relation to the influence of the other parameters, only when certain critical operating regimes are exceeded. These operating modes are often intangible in normal operation. In order not to endanger the system or to avoid the use of exaggerated power sources, the investigation of the influence of the parameters targeted in these critical operating regimes can be done by simulation, theoretical, experimental or mixed. The results are then subjected to a statistical analysis which may indicate a possible major change in the influence of some of the targeted parameters in the operation of the system. Specifically, the dynamic system considered is an agricultural machine for soil processing, consisting of a combinator and tractor. The simulation is done using a Goriacikin-type formula, which ensures complete theoretical control over the influence of the targeted parameters on the dynamic process of the machine. The parameters we focus on are working depth and working speed. The difference in intensity of the influence of each of the parameters is highlighted, trying an explanation for this difference. The explanations are useful for researchers who want to obtain information about the parameters whose influence on the functioning of the systems is small in the normal working regime but they can grow appreciably in the extra normal working regimes, even if for a short time.
Development of technology for gluten-free thermophilic fermented sourdough
Authors:   St.Petersburg branch of the Research Institute of Baking Industry, Parakhina O.I. , Kuznetsova L.I. ,   St.Petersburg branch of the Research Institute of Baking Industry, Savkina O.A. ,   St.Petersburg branch of the Research Institute of Baking Industry, Gavrilova T.A. ,   St.Petersburg branch of the Research Institute of Baking Industry, Lokachuk M.N. ,   St.Petersburg branch of the Research Institute of Baking Industry, Nutchina M.A. ,   St.Petersburg branch of the Research Institute of Baking Industry
Published: July 2022

Статья посвящена разработке технологии безглютеновой термофильной сброженной закваски на основе молочнокислых бактерий L.amyloliticus и дрожжей S.cerevisiae для производства безглютеновых хлебобулочных изделий. Исследования проводились в Санкт-Петербургском филиале ФГАНУ НИИ хлебопекарной промышленности в рамках темы госзадания №0593-2019-0008. Представлены экспериментальные данные по влиянию различных ферментативно активных ингредиентов (ячменного солода и ферментных препаратов глюкаваморина и альфалифта) и их дозировки на процесс накопления сахара в заварках на основе муки из зеленой гречки. Подобраны ферментные препараты и установлена их рациональная дозировка для осахаривания заварки из муки зеленой гречки: 0,18% глюкавамарина и 0,36% альфалифта к массе завариваемой муки. Исследована степень контаминации муки зеленой гречки. Установлены технологические параметры ведения безглютеновых термофильных сброженных заквасок в производственном цикле: температура 28-30℃, продолжительность брожения в течение 3-4 ч при соотношении 1:1 выброженная закваска предыдущей фазы и заквашенная заварка, в течение 6-8 ч при соотношении 1:1:1 выброженная закваска предыдущей фазы:заквашенная заварка:осахаренная заварка, в течение 16-18 ч при соотношении 1:6:6 выброженная закваска предыдущей фазы : заквашенная заварка: осахаренная заварка.
Problems of oncologists and cancer patients related to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Титов Антон , Агарков Николай , Митихина Мария
Published: July 2022

A new coronavirus infection or coronavirus 2 of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as the causative agent of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In early 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 the sixth public health emergency of international importance. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected many groups of the general population, but especially those who have preserved clinical conditions, such as the presence or treatment of cancer. Cancer patients are at a higher risk of developing severe COVID-19, as malignancy and chemotherapy can negatively affect the immune system, and their weakened condition also increases the risk of infection. Currently, significant efforts are being made to develop methods for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19, but the risks, methods and results of treatment of cancer patients during COVID-19 have not been sufficiently studied. Thus, the main purpose of this study is to collect relevant data for a clear understanding of the prognosis of COVID-19 in cancer patients and to make recommendations for improving the clinical management of these patients.
Practical aspects of BRCA1/2 testing: position of the Russian society of molecular geneticists in oncology and oncohematology
Authors: Имянитов Евгений , Филипенко Максим , Кекеева Татьяна , Демидова Ирина
Published: July 2022

The detection of mutations in the BRCA1/2 genes has become an integral component of modern oncology. Many essential aspects related to the diagnosis of hereditary tumor syndromes, e.g., principles of patient selection for BRCA1/2 analysis, minimal requirements for DNA testing procedures, medical interventions applied to mutation carriers, remain the subject of confusion among practicing oncologist and laboratory specialists. This work is the result of a discussion on various nuances of BRCA1/2-diagnostics, which was organized by the Russian Society of molecular geneticists in oncology and oncohematology and specialists with extensive experience in cancer genetics.
Axillary surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients downstaging from cN+ to ycN0
Authors: Емельянов Александр , Криворотько Петр , Жильцова Елена , Комяхов Александр , Бусько Екатерина , Крживицкий Павел , Артемьева Анна , Черная Антонина , Новиков Сергей , Гиголаева Лариса , Табагуа Тенгиз , Николаев Кирилл , Песоцкий Роман , Мортада Виктория , Амиров Николай , Чаннов Валентин , Ерещенко Сергей , Донских Роман , Зернов Константин , Семиглазов Владимир
Published: July 2022

Relevance. Axillary lymph node dissection is a redundant method of surgical treatment and axillary staging for a large number of patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy with positive lymph nodes before NCT.
Purpose of research. Improving the technique of axillary lymph node staging after neoadjuvant systemic therapy using targeted axillary dissection with I-125 microseed in addition to SLNB.
Materials and methods. The study included 212 patients with breast cancer (cT1-3N1M0) who received treatment at the breast tumors department of the N.N. Petrov NMRC of Oncology from 2019 to 2021. All patients included in the study had the cN1 initial status of the axillary lymph nodes. All patients underwent neoadjuvant systemic therapy and subsequent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). In patients with pathomorphologically proven metastatic lymph nodes (cN1) even at the initial diagnosis, lymph node marking was performed before the start of NCT and targeted axillary lymph node dissection after the completion of neoadjuvant systemic therapy. In the same patients, after SLNB and targeted axillary lymph node dissection, a complete (standard) axillary lymph node dissection was performed to determine the false-negative rate and the oncological safety of the procedure.
Results. The identification rate of only one sentinel lymph node was 21% (40 out of 193 patients), two sentinel lymph nodes - 30% (58 out of 193 patients), more than 3 - 49% (95 out of 193 patients). When only 1 sentinel lymph node was found, the false-negative rate of SLNB was 20.0% (4 of 20) (95% CI, 5.7 to 43.7). When two sentinel lymph nodes were found, the false-negative rate of SLNB was 20.0% (6 of 30) (95% CI, 7.7 to 38.6). When three sentinel lymph nodes were found, the false negative rate of SLNB was 4.7% (2 of 43) (95% CI, 0.0 to 15.8). Among 45 patients who had a microseed with the iodine-125 radioisotope installed before the start of treatment, the frequency of identifying a marked node was 100%. In 19 patients, tumor cells were found in the lymph nodes. The false-negative rate of targeted axillary dissection in combination with SLNB was 5.3% (1 of 19) (95% CI, 0.0 to 26.0).
Conclusion. Targeted axillary dissection and sentinel lymph nodes biopsy, provided that 3 SLNs are removed, are reliable methods for identifying patients in whom systemic therapy is guaranteed to achieve complete response of regional lymph nodes (ypN0), thereby relieving patients of the need to perform a crippling complete axillary lymph node dissection.
DTI prepectoral breast reconstruction with implants: texture vs polyurethane
Authors: Шатова Юлиана , Пржедецкий Юрий , Пржедецкая Виктория , Ващенко Лариса , Шевченко Наталья , Черникова Елена
Published: July 2022

Retrospective study included 125 patients with breast cancer, who underwent NSM following DTI prepectoral breast reconstruction with textured implants (98 cases) or polyurethane implants (27 cases) as a part of complex/combined treatment. The most acceptable aesthetic results were after DTI prepectoral reconstructions with TI compared with PI because of reducing the risk of implant contouring (11.2% vs. 40.7%), ripple effect (25.5% vs. 44.4%), especially during the body position changes. However, using of them is associated with a higher rate of surgical complications followed by implant loss (early periprosthetic seroma 3.1% vs 0%, suppuration of the implant capsule 3.1% vs 0%, implant protrusion/extrusion 6.1% vs 0% ) and capsular contracture III-IV degree compared with PI (6.1% vs. 3.7%).
Intermediate results of the prospective randomized controlled trial VOG-01: "Evaluation of the efficacy of neoadjuvant combination hormone therapy in premenopausal patients with ER+ HER2- breast cancer"
Authors: Орлова Рашида , Топузов Эльдар , Криворотько Петр , Вахитова Альмира , Глузман Марк , Осидзе Лери
Published: July 2022

To date, the standard of care for neoadjuvant treatment of HER2-negative breast cancer remains chemotherapy with the inclusion of anthracyclines and taxanes in both luminal and triple-negative tumor subtypes. The purpose of this article was to scientifically substantiate the use of combined hormone therapy at the preoperative treatment of premenopausal patients with ER+ HER2- breast cancer. After analyzing the scientific data presented in scientific databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, BMS), as well as studying active clinical trials on the ClinicalTrials.gov, we concluded that most of the studies where hormone therapy was used in the preoperative regimen were conducted in the postmenopausal patient. In this regard, a randomized controlled clinical trial was initiated to study the efficacy and safety of a new method of preoperative treatment in premenopausal women with ER+ HER2- breast cancer, the preliminary results of which will be reported in this article. Currently, the study included 28 patients, of which 13 patients were analyzed who received the neoadjuvant and surgical stages of complex treatment. The research is ongoing.
Blood levels of circulating tumor cells and factors of growth and progression in patients with locally advanced triple negative breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Саманева Наталья , Владимирова Любовь , Франциянц Елена , Сагакянц Александр , Сторожакова Анна , Лысенко Ирина , Калабанова Елена , Кабанов Сергей , Тишина Анна , Гайсултанова Яха
Published: July 2022

Active screening for early detection of breast cancer and new treatment options have significantly reduced mortality from breast cancer. However, a significant number of patients with non-metastatic breast cancer have advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a specific cancer subtype characterized with deep invasiveness, high metastatic potential, tendency to recurrence, and poor prognosis. It is known to have no application to endocrine therapy or anti-HER2 therapy. The search for new markers is an important direction in predicting the course of the disease and the effectiveness of treatment, monitoring progression and relapse. This study presents an analysis of blood levels of factors of growth and progression (TGFβ, TGFR2, TNFα. TNFαR1, TNFαR2, CD-44 and MMP-9) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in 56 patients with locally advancer TNBC after complex treatment. We identified a complex of growth and progression factors that determines the sensitivity and resistance to chemotherapy in all BC subtypes. Decreased levels of TGF-β, TNFα, MMP-9, CD-44 and CTCs after neoadjuvant chemotherapy determine further remission during 3 years. On the contrary, stabilization or elevation of these parameters leads to an early tumor progression.
Influence of the psycho-emotional state on the development of postoperative relapses in patients with breast cancer after reconstructive surgery
Authors: Карасев Владимир , Исмагилов Артур
Published: July 2022

The study of the frequency and timing of local recurrences after various types of operations, especially reconstructive, their clinical and morphological characteristics, components of complex treatment and prognosis of the disease is one of the most important tasks of modern oncology. The question of the prognostic significance of the psycho-emotional state on the occurrence of local recurrence remains open, which determines the relevance of the present study. To achieve the goal, 353 patients with infiltrating ductal cancer (luminal type A) of I-IIIA stages I breast were examined and treated at 18 to 40 years of age with a low risk of developing local recurrence, among them 141 patients after radical mastectomy; 133 patients after a radical mastectomy with single-step breast plastic; 79 patients after radical mastectomy with delayed breast plastics. It has been shown that performing reconstructive-plastic operations on the breast after radical mastectomy does not increase the recurrence rate of the disease, but, on the contrary, due to a decrease in anxiety and depression and stress in general, which is manifested by normalization of cortisol and vanillilimondal acid levels in the urine, reduces the recurrence rate within five years after surgery.
International Legal Mechanisms to Ensure the Principle of Gender Equality
Authors: CHERNIAK Olena
Published: July 2022

The peculiarities of international legal mechanisms for ensuring the principle of gender equality are studied. The issues studied in the scientific work are actualized through the prism of the historical retrospective of the international legal heritage in the field of research and outlining the main problems that remain unresolved today. The issue of gender equality, which has been exacerbated by quarantine restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, is highlighted. The specifics of legal regulation within the international and European legal systems are determined. It is pointed out that the civilizational achievements of legal regulation in the field of gender equality show considerable interest on the part of international actors in these issues, however, today we still cannot say the real effective existence of such protection mechanisms. comprehension and reassessment. The legal consolidation and application of positive discrimination as a policy endowed with an arsenal of tools, measures and actions taken to ensure the rights and well-being of members of certain groups depending on their ethnic and cultural origin, social class, disability, gender, marital status, pregnancy, and motherhood etc. It is emphasized that the problem of legal inequality remains widespread today, even though several international legal instruments are aimed at achieving real equality between men and women. International legal standards are a kind of minimum requirements of the international community to states that, by implementing a set of measures, will be able to overcome gender inequality. The position on the necessary measures of legal response and control in the field of gender equality the elimination of all forms of violence against all women and girls in public and private spheres, including human trafficking and sexual and other forms of exploitation; elimination of all harmful practices (child, early and forced marriages and operations that harm the female genitalia).
ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF INDICATORS OF RELIABILITY HELICOPTER SAFETY Ми-8МСБ, Ми-8MT(MTВ) ON SAFETY PERFORMANCE FOR 2017-2021
Authors: Golub V. , Akimov O. , Boyarov V. , Zhdanyuk M. , Kholodnyi R.
Published: July 2022

The article offers a complex approach to determination of long-term trends of quantitative indicators of safety of flights of helicopters Mi-8MSB-V and Mi-8MT (MTV) and influence on them of operational reliability.

The integrated approach is to determine the impact of the failure of the functional systems of helicopters on operational reliability and flight safety: average failure rate, mean failure rate, probability of helicopter flight reliability in one hour, Average aircraft accident, probability of absence.

Proposals have been developed to improve the reliability and safety of helicopter flights based on information about the technical condition during military operation, which will allow adjusting the terms of maintenance, repair, extending the service life and provide for areas for upgrading aviation equipment.

In order to take into account objectively the impact of helicopter systems on the reliability and safety of aircraft equipment flights, information on the flight hours of aircraft equipment should be provided, taking into account the level of functional systems upgrade. Recommendations for improving flight safety and reliability of elements of helicopter systems limiting the reliability of aviation equipment are given.
RESOURCES, SERVICE LIFE AND ASSESSMENT OF THE RESIDUAL LIFE OF MI-8 HELICOPTER REDUCERS
Authors: Pilipenko O. , Kohan V. , Vusatui Y. , Zhurakhov O. , Sivoraksha D.
Published: July 2022

The resources and service life of Mi-8 helicopters, produced back in the late 70s – early 80s of the last century and designed for 35 years of operation, have long been exhausted. Therefore, it is quite expedient to switch to the operation of the existing fleet of these helicopters according to their technical condition. Such a transition is confirmed by the experience of operating similar aircraft by the leading world powers.

The presented extended resources and service life up to the 1st overhaul, overhaul and designated main, intermediate and tail gearboxes of Mi-8 helicopters and their modifications in accordance with the relevant bulletins and decisions to clarify them, make it possible to extend the operation of the existing fleet of helicopters according to their technical condition.

The possibility of estimating the residual life by the values of the boundary and current levels of vibration of the main gearbox VR-14 is shown, for the initial data of which the experimental results of measuring a particular gearbox are used.
Effects of propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia versus inhalation anesthesia on long-term survival in patients undergoing cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors:   Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, Tang Yaxing , Tang Lele , Yao Yuting , Huang He , Chen Bing
Published: July 2022

Review question / Objective: To compare the effects of propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia with inhalation anesthesia on long-term survival of cancer surgery. (1) Patients: all patients undergoing cancer surgery with intravenous or inhalation anesthesia. (2) Intervention: propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia. (3) Comparator: inhalation anesthesia. (4) Outcomes: overall survival, recurrence- free or disease-free survival. (5) Study design: randomized-controlled trials and observational studies (prospective or retrospective). Information sources: We will systematically search the following electronic databases (PubMed, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library) from inception to July 2022 for eligible studies. Any potentially relevant studies will be manually searched based on the references of the identified studies.
Сross-cultural management and business ethics in a current culture of communication
Authors: Kashtanova Ekaterina V. , Iontseva Maria V. , Voronin Vladimir N. , Nosova Daria A.
Published: July 2022

The globalization of business, promotion of economic interests in the markets of other countries, the processes of unification and creation of a common economic space require knowledge of national customs and national culture. Culture is, above all, predictability. Acquiring ability to understand and use the peculiarities of national cultures, interpersonal communications and business ethics in global business is an important task of cross-cultural management. The success of international companies in providing high-quality products and services depends, on the one hand, on growing dynamics of the economic environment and, on the other hand, on adoption of international quality standards and procedures. As the market becomes more global, the products and services offered by international companies around the world face the challenges of a multicultural environment. These issues manifest themselves not only at the level of customer relations, but also deep inside companies, at the level of employees. The paper characterizes cross-cultural management and identifies the barriers that arise in the way of its successful implementation. In the course of further work, the authors consider main directions of modern solutions in the field of cross-cultural personnel management. Intercultural management is, first of all, the creation and application of technologies for managing cultural diversity in the context of globalization, successfully operating in different cultures in order to prevent intercultural conflicts. The proposed solutions include development of intercultural competencies, training of global managers in key aspects of intercultural interaction, the introduction and active use of advanced digital technologies, as well as the construction of a knowledge management system with deployment of publicly available databases and the expansion of their analytical capabilities at the national, regional and international levels. The authors note that cultural knowledge management is crucial for success in developing and maintaining long-term business relationships in a multicultural environment. Knowledge management provides necessary technological support for cross-cultural management in terms of improving knowledge sharing in multinational companies and the effective use of knowledge in international joint ventures.
Animal world vs human world: through cultural codes to archetypical characteristic of animalistic metaphor
Authors: Borodulina Natalia Yu. , Makeeva Marina N.
Published: July 2022

The study provides archetypal characteristics analysis of animalistic metaphors in synchronic and diachronic aspects. The analysis involves the works of I. A. Krylov and modern examples from the National Corpus of the Russian Language, which enables to identify the archetypal characteristics of the animal world when representing various aspects of the life of a modern person. The latter are understood as stable in historical changes and determining the structure of the worldview of both an individual and a nation. The paper displays a classification of the characteristics of animals presented in animalistic metaphors, received through the fable, which are recognizable in modern socio-political and economic contexts. Analysis of the target area, namely the “human world”, demonstrated the presence in the content of metaphorical concepts of both personal characteristics (strength, cunning, stupidity, ignorance, arrogance) and social characteristics (hard work, unprofessionalism and incompetence, fidelity to friendship, hypocrisy, respect for experience and the collision of the new and old). At the same time, the repertoire of animalistic metaphors that verbalize the world around a person includes individual animals, groups of animals, as well as artifacts associated with animals. The conducted research testifies to the undeniable archetypal status of the metaphorical model “the world of animals → the world of man”, which made a centuries-long way to get into the Russian language and culture starting with the fables of the Russian writer I. A. Krylov.
Toponymic Structure of Pomor Settlements
Authors: Zhigaltsova Tatiana V. , Matonin Vasiliy N. , Egorova Ekaterina N. , Bedina Natalya N.
Published: July 2022

The paper analyzes the architectural and spatial design and toponymic structure of Pomor settlements based on authors archival and field data. It also updates structure and elements of cultural landscape, identifies and describes regional features of the architectural and spatial organization of the settlement and the type of its spatial perception by local residents. The authors come to the conclusion about the dominant role of the category of space. Economic factors determine the image of space for the bearers of traditional culture. The category of space reflects the inner world of the people who experience it. Toponymic contexts analyzed from the point of view of language semantics and culture demonstrate typical morphological and morphemic models of word formation, which indicate both the universality of settlement structures, and universal toponyms with a rich internal form generating a vast interpretational field and semantic contamination of a spatial type. The toponyms, formed from anthroponyms, showing territorial belonging and marking the “space — person” relationship, are frequently found. The toponyms that appeared by transition of common names into the proper ones (reverse antonomasia) are of special interest in terms of interpretation. At the same time, reverse antonomasia did not result from the loss of the object’s main function of indicating a specific geographical object, rather, it represented itself in acquiring additional connotations (for example, Volchikha (from the word ‘wolf’), Popov Ruchei (the priest’s creek) withinthe spatial category and use in a generalized way (for example, Niz (bottom), Verkhov’ye (upper reach), Konets (end), Posad (trade quarter). The analysis of toponymic data confirms that, on the one hand, there is a rigidly defined center in the mental image of space — the habitable territory. On the other hand, the image of space for commercial fishermen was characterized by vastness, and their “striving outside” attitude did not only have a pragmatic, but also an existential character.
Fundaciones pías en la Mancha Oriental. Las capellanías de El Bonillo : Estudio introductorio y fuentes documentales (siglos XVI-XX)
Authors: Fernández García Lorenzo
Published: July 2022

Los principales legados píos fueron las capellanías, tanto eclesiásticas como laicales. Su fundación fue un poderoso medio de poder y de ascenso social. El Bonillo tuvo un gran desarrollo económico durante los siglos XV y XVI, por sus innumerables riquezas. Allí acudieron ricos terratenientes que compraron las mejores tierras y formaron un potente oligopolio económico y social. Su necesidad de ostentación y movilidad social les produjo un afán desmesurado por la fundación de legados píos. En 1624, ya encontramos 142 de estas instituciones, entre ellas once capellanías colativas y dieciocho cofradías confirmadas por el Ordinario.
El caballero del aire Pío Fernández Mulero (1888-1936)
Authors: García-Consuegra Mariano José
Published: July 2022

Pío Fernández Mulero fue un albaceteño desconocido para muchos pero admirado y envidiado allende los mares. Hijo de un tiempo postergado; cuando hablamos de Pío −que siempre firmaba como Mulero−, se nos presenta un ser humano poliédrico, caballeroso y valiente elevado a protagonista de la mayoría de edad de la Aviación española, hasta que un disparó rifeño le atravesó la cabeza. Bajó el timón y planeando, volvió a elevarse. Como héroe terminó la guerra, y en la paz, ostentó la presidencia del RACE.
Study of Hydrodynamics and Upscaling of Immiscible Fluid Stirred Tank using Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Ekaroek Phumnok  , Waritnan Wanchan  , Matinee Chuenjai  , Panut Bumphenkiattikul  , Sunun Limtrakul  , Sukrittira Rattanawilai  , Parinya Khongprom
Published: July 2022

Stirred tanks are prevalent in various industries, including chemical, biochemical, and pharmaceutical industries. These reactors are suitable for ensuring efficient mass and heat transfer because adequate mixing can be achieved. Numerous studies have been conducted on small-scale stirred-tank reactors. However, upscaling such reactors is challenging because of the complex flow behavior inside the system, especially for the mixing of immiscible liquid–liquid systems. Thus, the objectives of this study were to examine the flow behavior and upscale an immiscible liquid–liquid stirred tank using CFD simulation by investigating a flat-bottomed stirred tank reactor, equipped with a six-blade Rushton turbine. The simulated results were in good agreement with those obtained experimentally. The scale of the reactor significantly affects the hydrodynamic behavior, and the uniformity of the radial distribution of the velocity decreases with increasing Reynolds number. Furthermore, the upscaling criteria were evaluated for geometric similarity and equal mixing times. The proposed scaling law reliably scaled up the immiscible liquid–liquid mixing in a stirred tank with a difference in the range of ±10%.
Numerical Analysis of a Laminar Transient Flow of a Pseudo-Plastic Fluid
Authors: Nawal Achak  , Ouafae Rkibi  , Bennasser Bahrar  , Kamal Gueraoui
Published: July 2022

This study is devoted to a numerical modeling of a transient pseudo plastic fluid flow in an elastic pipe. The set partial equations for both the fluid are derived from the law conservations of mass, momentum and energy for the fluid and Hooke’s law for the wall pipe. The system governing this problem is presented and then solved numerically. The non-Newtonian character behavior of the fluid s modeled by the power law. The coupled method of characteristics, finite differences and Runge Kutta are used for spatial and temporal discretization respec-tively. Some results obtained are in good agreement with those found in the literature.
Numerical Investigation of Solar Updraft Tower for Different Collector Inlet Heights and Absorber Materials
Authors: Abdulhamid Hamdan Al-Hinai  , Khadersab Adamsab  , Eugene Vega
Published: July 2022

In this paper, performance characteristics of the solar updraft tower were investigated using a numerical analysis. Simulations were carried out using ANSYS FLUENT to create a realistic shape and mesh for the flow model. The governing equation was solved using a combination of turbulent, realizable (k–ε), and discrete ordinate radiation approaches. Maximum air velocity and air temperature were recorded in the SUT model using GI sheet ground materials for collectors at lower collector intake heights, higher maximum air velocity.
Resource Constrained Multi-phase Project Scheduling Problem
Authors:   Academic Society of Global Business Administration, Ryu Me Ae , Kim Jae Whan , Ahn Tae Ho
Published: July 2022

In this study, in order to divide the project schedule into phased problems, it is divided into phases and modules, In other words, the schedule problem was converted into a step-by-step format, In the existing RCPSP research, a study to find a solution by dividing the entire project schedule into several stages has not been conducted yet, Therefore, in this study, the overall project schedule is divided into several stages to present an optimization algorithm for establishing a schedule that can maximize the value of the module, In such a case, it is important to decide which stage to assign each module to, and to determine the execution mode and start time of the activities belonging to each module, In general, in the case of RCPSP, heuristic techniques are used in most studies due to physical limitations related to the optimal solution calculation time, However, in the case of the heuristic method, although its utility is high, it is still a method of finding a good solution among feasible solutions, not a method of finding an optimal solution, In this regard, it can be said that the study of algorithms for optimization techniques is important, Therefore, this study proposes an optimization solution to the 'Resource constrained multi-phase project scheduling problem' using the multi-step division method that was not dealt with in previous studies, using the quantified value maximization of the values of the modules belonging to the stage as the objective function, can be said to be meaningful, In addition, the scope of research was expanded by presenting an algorithm to find the likelihood using the neighbor search method among the heuristic widely used in RCPSP.
Deep Learning Models Based on Subword Tokenization for Vulnerability Detection of Source Code
Authors:   Academic Society of Global Business Administration, Kim Jae Kyung
Published: July 2022

The study of vulnerability detection in source code has been attracting attention in practice and academia because web applications can be vulnerable to attacks from the outside due to the open access characteristics. This study aims to build deep learning models and evaluate their performances for the field of source code vulnerability detection. The proposed deep learning models tackle class imbalance problem, long-term dependency problem, and out-of-vocabulary problem which are challenging problems in detecting source code vulnerabilities. As an experiment result, the precision of the subword tokenization-based one-dimensional convolution model showed 39%, which is about 20 times higher than the expected precision of 1.92% of the model predicted by chance. Although Conv1d+BT model using the BERT tokenizer showed the highest AUC value of 0.9116, the precision and recall of this model were 0.39 and 0.35, so it is judged that further improvement is needed for practical application.
BAYTARNÂMELERDE BÜYÜ VE TILSIMLAR
Authors: KÖSE Fatih
Published: July 2022

Büyü ve tılsım insanların menfaat sağlamak, korunmak, şifa bulmak, kısmet açmak, zarar vermek gibi nedenlerle başvurdukları gizemli pratiklerdir. Çeşitli manevi güçlere yönelme ve inanç unsurlarını da barındıran bu pratikler çoğu zaman dini inanç ve ritüellerle iç içe geçmiş vaziyette ortaya çıkar. Büyüsel pratiklerde her zaman bir menfaat sağlama amacı söz konusudur. İnsan sahip olduğu veya kullandığı hayvanlar üzerinden de çeşitli menfaatler elde eder. Tarih boyunca insanların en fazla menfaat sağladığı hayvanlardan biri de atlar olmuştur. Esas itibarıyla at, atçılık, at hastalıkları ve tedavilerini konu edinen baytarnâmelerde atlar için yapılanlarla beraber at ve at uzuvları kullanılarak insanlar için yapılan büyü ve tılsımlar da yer almaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında büyü, tılsım, efsun, muska, vefk, taviz gibi kavramlar incelenmiş; baytarnâmelerde yer alan büyüsel pratikler tespit edilmiş; tespit edilen büyü ve tılsımlar amaçları, işlevleri, yöntemleri, dini inanç ve uygulamalar ile ilişkileri bakımlarından tahlil edilmiştir.
The Airborne Infrared Spectrometer: Development, Characterization, and the 2017 August 21 Eclipse Observation
Authors: Samra Jenna E. , Marquez Vanessa , Cheimets Peter , DeLuca Edward E. , Golub Leon , Hannigan James W. , Madsen Chad A. , Vira Alisha , Adams Arn
Published: July 2022

On 2017 August 21, the Airborne Infrared Spectrometer (AIR-Spec) observed the total solar eclipse at an altitude of 14 km from aboard the NSF/NCAR Gulfstream V research aircraft. The instrument successfully observed the five coronal emission lines that it was designed to measure: Si x 1.431 μm, S xi 1.921 μm, Fe ix 2.853 μm, Mg viii 3.028 μm, and Si ix 3.935 μm. Characterizing these magnetically sensitive emission lines is an important first step in designing future instruments to monitor the coronal magnetic field, which drives space weather events, as well as coronal heating, structure, and dynamics. The AIR-Spec instrument includes an image stabilization system, feed telescope, grating spectrometer, and slit-jaw imager. This paper details the instrument design, optical alignment method, image processing, and data calibration approach. The eclipse observations are described and the available data are summarized.
Suspicious Siblings: The Distribution of Mass and Spin across Component Black Holes in Isolated Binary Evolution
Authors: Zevin Michael , Bavera Simone S.
Published: July 2022

The LIGO and Virgo gravitational-wave detectors have uncovered binary black hole systems with definitively nonzero spins, as well as systems with significant spin residing in the more massive black hole of the pair. We investigate the ability of isolated binary evolution in forming such highly spinning, asymmetric-mass systems through both accretion onto the first-born black hole and tidal spin-up of the second-born black hole using a rapid population synthesis approach with detailed considerations of spin-up through tidal interactions. Even with the most optimistic assumptions regarding the efficiency at which an accreting star receives material from a donor, we find that it is difficult to form systems with significant mass asymmetry and moderate or high spins in the primary black hole component. Assuming efficient angular momentum transport within massive stars and Eddington-limited accretion onto black holes, we find that >1.5% of systems in the underlying binary black hole population have a primary black hole spin greater than 0.2 and a mass asymmetry of greater than 2:1 in our most optimistic models, with most models finding that this criteria is only met in ∼0.01% of systems. The production of systems with significant mass asymmetries and spin in the primary black hole component is thus an unlikely byproduct of isolated evolution unless highly super-Eddington accretion is invoked or angular momentum transport in massive stars is less efficient than typically assumed.
Down but Not Out: Properties of the Molecular Gas in the Stripped Virgo Cluster Early-type Galaxy NGC 4526
Authors: Young Lisa M. , Meier David S. , Crocker Alison , Davis Timothy A. , Topal Selçuk
Published: July 2022

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array data on the 3 mm continuum emission, CO isotopologues (12CO, 13CO, and C18O), and high-density molecular tracers (HCN, HCO+, HNC, HNCO, CS, CN, and CH3OH) in NGC 4526. These data enable a detailed study of the physical properties of the molecular gas in a longtime resident of the Virgo Cluster; comparisons to more commonly studied spiral galaxies offer intriguing hints into the processing of molecular gas in the cluster environment. Many molecular line ratios in NGC 4526, along with our inferred abundances and CO/H2 conversion factors, are similar to those found in nearby spirals. One striking exception is the very low observed 12CO/13CO(1−0) line ratio, 3.4 ± 0.3, which is unusually low for spirals though not for Virgo Cluster early-type galaxies. We carry out radiative transfer modeling of the CO isotopologues with some archival (2−1) data, and we use Bayesian analysis with Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques to infer the physical properties of the CO-emitting gas. We find surprisingly low [12CO/13CO] abundance ratios of

7.8

−
1.5

+
2.7

and

6.5

−
1.3

+
3.0

at radii of 0.4 kpc and 1 kpc. The emission from the high-density tracers HCN, HCO+, HNC, CS, and CN is also relatively bright, and CN is unusually optically thick in the inner parts of NGC 4526. These features hint that processing in the cluster environment may have removed much of the galaxy’s relatively diffuse, optically thinner molecular gas along with its atomic gas. Angular momentum transfer to the surrounding intracluster medium may also have caused contraction of the disk, magnifying radial gradients such as we find in [13CO/C18O]. More detailed chemical evolution modeling would be interesting in order to explore whether the unusual [12CO/13CO] abundance ratio is entirely an environmental effect or whether it also reflects the relatively old stellar population in this early-type galaxy.
Principal-axis Analysis of the Eddington Tensor for the Early Post-bounce Phase of Rotational Core-collapse Supernovae
Authors: Iwakami Wakana , Harada Akira , Nagakura Hiroki , Akaho Ryuichiro , Okawa Hirotada , Furusawa Shun , Matsufuru Hideo , Sumiyoshi Kohsuke , Yamada Shoichi
Published: July 2022

Using full Boltzmann neutrino transport, we performed 2D core-collapse supernova simulations in axisymmetry for two progenitor models with 11.2 and 15.0 M
⊙, both rotational and nonrotational. We employed the results obtained in the early post-bounce phase (t ≲ 20 ms) to assess performance under rapid rotation of some closure relations commonly employed in the truncated moment method. We first made a comparison in 1D under spherical symmetry, though, of the Eddington factor p defined in the fluid rest frame (FR). We confirmed that the maximum entropy closure for the Fermionic distribution (MEFD) performs better than others near the proto–neutron star surface, where p < 1/3 occurs, but does not work well even in 1D when the phase-space occupancy satisfies e < 0.5 together with p < 1/3, the condition known to be not represented by MEFD. For the 2D models with the rapid rotation, we employed the principal-axis analysis of the Eddington tensor. We paid particular attention to the direction of the longest principal axis. We observed in FR that it is aligned neither with the radial direction nor with the neutrino flux in 2D, particularly so in convective and/or rapidly rotating regions, the fact not accommodated in the moment method. We repeated the same analysis in the laboratory frame and found again that the direction of the longest principal axis is not well reproduced by MEFD because the interpolation between the optically thick and thin limits is not very accurate in this frame.
The X-shaped Radio Galaxy J0725+5835 is Associated with an AGN Pair
Authors: Yang Xiaolong , Ji Jialu , Joshi Ravi , Yang Jun , An Tao , Wang Ran , Ho Luis C. , Roberts David H. , Saripalli Lakshmi
Published: July 2022

X-shaped radio galaxies (XRGs) are those that exhibit two pairs of unaligned radio lobes (main radio lobes and wings). One of the promising models for the peculiar morphology is jet reorientation. To clarify this, we conducted a 5 GHz observation with the European VLBI Network (EVN) of XRG J0725+5835, which resembles the archetypal binary active galactic nuclei (AGNs) 0402+379 in radio morphology, but it is larger in angular size. In our observation, two milliarcsecond-scale radio components with nonthermal radio emission are detected. Each of them coincides with an optical counterpart with similar photometric redshift and (optical and infrared) magnitude, corresponding to dual active nuclei. Furthermore, with the improved Very Large Array (VLA) images, we find a bridge between the two radio cores and a jet bending in the region surrounding the companion galaxy. This further supports the interplay between the main and companion galaxies. In addition, we also report the discovery of an arcsecond-scale jet in the companion. Given the projected separation of ∼100 kpc between the main and companion galaxies, XRG J0725+5835 is likely associated with a dual jetted-AGN system. In both EVN and VLA observations, we find signatures that the jet is changing its direction, which is likely responsible for the X-shaped morphology. For the origin of jet reorientation, several scenarios are discussed.
Fine Structures of the Inner Solar Corona and the Associated Magnetic Topology
Authors: Ko Yuan-Kuen , Stenborg Guillermo , Linker Jon , Weberg Micah J. , Lionello Roberto , Titov Viacheslav
Published: July 2022

We present the fine structure of the inner solar corona between 1.65 and 3.0 solar radii as revealed by the STEREO-A COR1 white-light coronagraph from 2008 June 20 to July 31. The COR1 imaging data were wavelet processed to enhance the intensity contrast of coronal features. The constructed limb synoptic maps at a range of altitudes show the evolution in time and altitude of these fine structures within the streamer belt, and equatorial and polar coronal holes during this period near the solar minimum. Distinct streamer-stalk structures are seen embedded within a diffuse background of the helmet streamer belt, which are preserved as they extend to higher heights. Pseudostreamers are also seen as multiple stalk structures, which also continue to higher heights. Various polar plume structures are seen to last from hours to days. Similar plume structures are also seen within the corona subtended by equatorial coronal holes. We compare the COR1 maps to that of the magnetic topology revealed by the modeled squashing factors, and discuss the relation between the two types of maps and its implications in the context of solar wind formation.
Supplement: “An Isolated Mass-gap Black Hole or Neutron Star Detected with Astrometric Microlensing” (2022, ApJL, 933, L23)
Authors: Lam Casey Y. , Lu Jessica R. , Udalski Andrzej , Bond Ian , Bennett David P. , Skowron Jan , Mróz Przemek , Poleski Radek , Sumi Takahiro , Szymański Michał K. , Kozłowski Szymon , Pietrukowicz Paweł , Soszyński Igor , Ulaczyk Krzysztof , Wyrzykowski Łukasz , Miyazaki Shota , Suzuki Daisuke , Koshimoto Naoki , Rattenbury Nicholas J. , Hosek Matthew W. , Abe Fumio , Barry Richard , Bhattacharya Aparna , Fukui Akihiko , Fujii Hirosane , Hirao Yuki , Itow Yoshitaka , Kirikawa Rintaro , Kondo Iona , Matsubara Yutaka , Matsumoto Sho , Muraki Yasushi , Olmschenk Greg , Ranc Clément , Okamura Arisa , Satoh Yuki , Silva Stela Ishitani , Toda Taiga , Tristram Paul J. , Vandorou Aikaterini , Yama Hibiki , Abrams Natasha S. , Agarwal Shrihan , Rose Sam , Terry Sean K.
Published: July 2022

This supplement provides supporting material for Lam et al. We briefly summarize past gravitational microlensing searches for black holes (BHs) and present details of the observations, analysis, and modeling of five BH candidates observed with both ground-based photometric microlensing surveys and Hubble Space Telescope astrometry and photometry. We present detailed results for four of the five candidates that show no or low probability for the lens to be a BH. In these cases, the lens masses are <2 M
⊙, and two of the four are likely white dwarfs or neutron stars. We also present detailed methods for comparing the full sample of five candidates to theoretical expectations of the number of BHs in the Milky Way (∼108).