bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alleviating Poverty
Authors: Phatak Ajay
Published: October 2021

This essay is focused on an important subject discussed all over the country and the world, especially in political circles and among policymakers. There is a need established that to be able to pull individuals and communities out of poverty, we need that, meaningful employment is generated for a very large number of people. World over, certain approaches have been used by the policy makers which seem to increase the divide between the haves and have-nots. The policy of industrialization is leading nations into widening the gap between rich and the poor. It is also creating undesirable side effects by way of ‘pollution’ and depletion of resources at an ever increasing pace. This situation leads to the author’s belief that something is not right. Such policies will not lead to sustainable livelihoods for masses. Hence this attempt to explore alternative policies, which could provide a viable approach to alleviating poverty.

Poverty alleviation is indeed a noble goal. All of us must also be seriously concerned about the difference in the standard of living between the rich and the poor. Moreover, our objective must be to see how the masses can live well and peacefully.

Around the world and within our country, being unemployed is not the best state to be in. Employment in this context is gainful occupation. The impact of such unemployment has been disastrous. This has led to militancy on one hand and ongoing unrest in many a city on the other. The way forward, as proposed since many decades and being followed incessantly, is “consumerism” to help us get out of this mess. Industrial mode of employment generation has been linked to production and productivity.

But all aspects of Industrial production are linked to use of natural resources to produce intermediate goods. This means any additional employment generated would dip further into the natural resource reserves. Can one think of a very different model of generating employment? Employment which does not dip into the reserves? Employment that can restore biological resources? There seems to be an opportunity for more thinking at the policy level to understand the root causes of unemployment and how we can tackle these for creating employment that can sustain, resulting in sustainable elimination of poverty.
conocimiento apriorístico y la enseñanza de la economía
Authors: González Jorge Iván
Published: October 2021

El artículo comienza con un texto de Keynes sobre la naturaleza del pensamiento económico, en el que menciona tres fases del proceso cognitivo: i) el pensamiento ordenado, ii) la desagregación de las causalidades parciales, iii) la mirada multicausal del fenómeno. A partir de allí, se explica que la pretensión de neutralidad valorativa sigue alimentando la vana ilusión del conocimiento objetivo. A pesar de que en la historia del pensamiento la crítica al positivismo ha sido intensa, la enseñanza de la economía se niega a reconocer la presencia inevitable de los prejuicios. Y al negar que todo conocimiento está fundado en nociones apriorísticas, termina absolutizando el método y ahogando el pensamiento.
Enseñar economía en tiempos turbulentos
Authors: Cante Maldonado Freddy
Published: October 2021

En este artículo de reflexión teórica se defiende la siguiente hipótesis: los economistas convencionales buscan controlar las conductas racionales y los comportamientos esperados de individuos con escogencias previsibles, rutinarias y desprovistas de escogencias trágicas y radicales. Se ocupan de estudiar monótonas y probables fluctuaciones y omiten las grandes turbulencias (fenómenos trágicos y poco probables, es decir, cisnes negros) y se enfocan en individuos normalizados, esto es, desprovistos de libertad, de pasiones y de moralidad. El abordaje de esta discusión podrá tener repercusiones positivas para la enseñanza y la investigación de la economía.
jardines botánicos: más que bibliotecas de plantas
Authors: Martin Amaya Ana Elizabeth , Galvis Rueda Manuel , Hernández Barbosa Rubinsten
Published: October 2021

Los Jardines Botánicos, además de tener una importancia como medio de información y difusión sobre el mundo de las plantas, son considerados espacios de recreación pasiva, de protección, preservación y conservación de una gran variedad de especies, y de investigación en el campo vegetal. Considerando estos aspectos, el texto se orienta a exponer, de manera sucinta, los orígenes de estos espacios verdes, sus diversas funciones, así como describir los Jardines Botánicos más destacados en Colombia y el mundo. Se pretende resaltar la labor y las actividades que estos espacios realizan, con el fin de motivar su visita y fomentar una educación ambiental que favorezca cambios en el comportamiento y actitudes de los estudiantes de todos los niveles escolares.
Successful desensitization to high dose rituximab for a child with nephrotic syndrome - The first report in the literature
Authors: Kakleas Konstantinos , Kirk Kerrie , Harris Dave , Hall Angela
Published: October 2021

Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody, which is mainly used in the treatment of lymphoma and autoimmune disorders, but also has been recently approved for the treatment of nephrotic syndrome. The treatment dose is between 375 mg/m2 and 750 mg/m2. Rituximab has been associated with hypersensitivity reactions, which can be classified either into early and late infusion-associated adverse reactions. Different desensitization protocols have been described in adult patients who require rituximab, however, there is a limited experience in children and in patients with nephrotic syndrome. Additionally, all the published protocols for adults and children are based on the low-dose rituximab desensitization. We report the first case in the literature of desensitization to high-dose rituximab in a child with nephrotic syndrome, suggesting a well-tolerated protocol adjusted on the high dose and the clinical reaction to the drug. This protocol can be used for children with nephrotic syndrome and severe reaction that require 750 mg/m2 of rituximab.
Nadtlenek wodoru. Metoda oznaczania w powietrzu na stanowiskach pracy metodą spektrofotometryczną
Authors:   Nadia Kucharska, Mysur Wioletta
Published: October 2021

Nadtlenek wodoru w temperaturze pokojowej występuje w postaci bezbarwnej, przejrzystej cieczy, o słabym zapachu ozonu. Nadtlenek wodoru jest wykorzystywany jako wybielacz w przemyśle papierniczym, spożywczym i kosmetycz- nym oraz do produkcji paliwa rakietowego. Właściwości utleniające nadtlenku wodoru są wykorzystywane w procesie oczyszczania ścieków oraz w medycynie do odkażania ran (woda utleniona). W chemii analitycznej związek ten wy- korzystywany jest w oznaczeniach śladowych ilości metali. Szkodliwe działanie nadtlenku wodoru polega na działa- niu drażniącym na skórę, błony śluzowe oczu i górnych dróg oddechowych. Celem prac badawczych było opracowanie i walidacja metody oznaczania nadtlenku wodoru w powietrzu na stanowiskach pracy. Opracowana metoda oznaczania polega na pochłanianiu nadtlenku wodoru w wodzie, a następnie na spektrofotometrycznym oznaczeniu kompleksu oranżu ksylenolowego z utlenionymi przez nadtlenek wodoru jonami żelaza (Fe III). Do badań wykorzystano spektro- fotometr UNICAM umożliwiający wykonanie oznaczeń przy długości fali 560 nm. Opracowana metoda jest liniowa w zakresie stężeń 0,02 ÷ 0,4 μg/ml, co odpowiada zakresowi 0,04 ÷ 0,8 mg/m3 dla próbki powietrza o objętości 10 l. Opracowana metoda umożliwia oznaczanie nadtlenku wodoru w powietrzu na stanowiskach pracy w obecności substancji współwystępujących. Metoda charakteryzuje się dobrą precyzją i dokładnością i spełnia wymagania normy PN-EN 482 dla procedur dotyczących oznaczania czynników chemicznych. Opracowana metoda oznaczania nadtlenku wodoru w powietrzu na stanowiskach pracy została zapisana w postaci procedury analitycznej, którą zamieszczono w załączni- ku. Zakres tematyczny artykułu obejmuje zagadnienia zdrowia oraz bezpieczeństwa i higieny środowiska pracy będące przedmiotem badań z zakresu nauk o zdrowiu oraz inżynierii środowiska.
Clinical Characteristics and Perioperative Complication Profiles of COVID-19–Positive Patients Undergoing Hip Fracture Surgery
Authors: Galivanche Anoop R. , Mercier Michael R. , Schneble Christopher A. , Brand Jordan , Pathak Neil , Varthi Arya G. , Rubin Lee E. , Grauer Jonathan N.
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disease has imposed an unprecedented degree of stress on healthcare systems. This study aimed to understand whether COVID-19 positivity is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes after geriatric hip fracture surgery.

Methods:

From a national administrative claims data set, patients who underwent hip fracture surgery from April 1, 2020, to December 1, 2020 were selected for analysis. COVID-19–positive status was assessed by the emergency International Classification of Diagnoses, 10th Revision, COVID-19 code within 2 weeks before the surgery. Demographic, comorbidity, and 30-day postoperative adverse event information were extracted. Logistic regression before and after 10:1 propensity matching was performed to identify patient risk factors associated with the occurrence of postoperative adverse events.

Results:

Of 42,002 patients who underwent hip fracture surgery, 678 (1.61%) were identified to be positive for COVID-19 infection. No significant differences in age, sex, and procedure type were found between COVID-19–positive and COVID-19–negative groups, but the COVID-19–positive patients demonstrated a higher incidence of several comorbidities. These differences were no longer significant after matching. After matching, the COVID-19–positive group had a higher incidence of any, serious, and minor adverse events (P < 0.001 for all). Controlling for preoperative variables, COVID-19 positivity was associated with an increased risk of experiencing any adverse events (odds ratio [OR] = 1.62, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = [1.37 to 1.92], P < 0.001), serious adverse events (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = [1.31 to 2.07], P < 0.001), and minor adverse events (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = [1.34 to 1.89], P < 0.001).

Discussion:

After matching and controlling for confounding variables, COVID-19–positive hip fracture patients had increased odds of multiple postoperative events. Clinicians caring for this vulnerable geriatric population should be mindful of this risk to improve the care for these patients during the ongoing global pandemic.
Influence of architectural and planning solutions on fire risk in public buildings
Authors: Ulpan Auyezova , Kazkeyev Alizhan
Published: October 2021

This article is devoted to the study of the influence of architectural and planning solutions on fire risk in public buildings. The calculation and assessment of fire risk was carried out on the example of one floor of a conditional office building with a free layout, where the tenant himself can change it at will. The input data for the calculation were two different layouts of the same floor, while the total square footage remained unchanged. As a calculation tool used the software package FireCat, which includes the programs Pyrosim, Pathfinder and FireRisk. The calculation took into account parameters such as the degree of fire resistance of the building, the number of rooms, the width and direction of door opening, the number of people on one floor of the building, including various mobility groups. Simulation modeling allowed to compare architectural and planning solutions for the same building and choose the best layout in terms of individual fire risk.
The effects of melatonin on the striatum
Authors: GERGIN Sinem , KIRAZLI Ozlem , BORACI Hatice , YILDIZ Sercan Dogukan , SEHIRLI Umit Suleyman
Published: October 2021

Objective: Some of the neurological diseases cause morphologic changes in the striatal neurons. Medial forebrain bundle (MFB)lesion is a commonly used method to produce a Parkinsonian model rat. Melatonin is a hormone which exerts a neuroprotectiveeffect on the neurons. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of melatonin on the dendritic morphology of striatal mediumspiny neurons (MSNs) in rats with MFB lesion.Materials and Methods: Twelve male Wistar albino rats were given saline injections into the MFB and divided into sedentary andtreatment groups. The treatment group was administered a 10 mg/kg dose of melatonin intraperitoneally for 30 days. The lesionwas confirmed histologically by Nissl staining. Golgi staining technique was applied to observe neuronal morphology. Neuronalstructures were analysed from three-dimensional images by Neurolucida (MBF Bioscience) software.Results: The MFB lesion caused a reduction in the total dendritic length and in the number of dendritic endings. The melatoninenhanced the number of dendritic endings compared to the sedentary group. The melatonin led to an increase in the total spinedensity, spine densities of thin and mushroom types.Conclusion: Melatonin improved the dendritic degeneration due to MFB lesion.
Development of a radiomic signature for predicting response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Parmar Ambica , Qazi Abdul Aziz , Stundzia Audrius , Sim Hao-Wen , Lewin Jeremy , Metser Ur , O’Malley Martin , Hansen Aaron R.
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) improves overall survival, but pathological response rates are low. Predictive biomarkers could select those patients most likely to benefit from NAC. Radiomics technology offers a novel, non-invasive method to identify predictive biomarkers. Our study aimed to develop a predictive radiomics signature for response to NAC in MIBC.
Methods: An institutional bladder cancer database was used to identify MIBC patients who were treated with NAC followed by radical cystectomy. Patients were classified into responders and non-responders based on pathological response. Bladder lesions on computed tomography images taken prior to NAC were contoured. Extracted radiomics features were used train a radial basis function support vector machine classifier to learn a prediction rule to distinguish responders from non-responders. The discriminative accuracy of the classifier was then tested using a nested 10-fold cross-validation protocol.
Results: Nineteen patients who underwent NAC followed by radical cystectomy were found to be eligible for analysis. Of these, nine (48%) patients were classified as responders and 10 (52%) as non-responders. Nineteen bladder lesions were contoured. The sensitivity, specificity and discriminative accuracy were 52.9±9.4%, 69.4±8.6%, and 62.1±6.1%, respectively. This corresponded to an area under the curve of 0.63±0.08 (p=0.20).
Conclusions: Our developed radiomics signature demonstrated modest discriminative accuracy; however, these results may have been influenced by small sample size and heterogeneity in image acquisition. Future research using novel methods for computer-based image analysis on a larger cohort of patients is warranted.
Canadian cost data associated with treating overactive bladder is lacking
Authors: Viste Dylan , Barton Carly , Carlson Kevin , Baverstock Richard , Crump Trafford
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Cost-effectiveness analysis forms an integral part of the approval process for new medical treatments in Canada, including drug and non-drug technologies. This study’s primary objective was to identify peer-reviewed studies that report Canadian-specific cost data for treating overactive bladder (OAB) based on the Canadian Urological Association (CUA) guidelines. A secondary objective was to identify studies that report cost data from other healthcare jurisdictions that could be generalizable to the Canadian context.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the published peer-reviewed literature. We included studies from Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries, excluding the U.S., published in English since January 2009.
Results: From 165 abstracts identified in our initial search, 18 studies were ultimately included for analysis. This included one Canadian-based study reporting costs in Canadian dollars, all related to second-line treatments. The other studies were primarily from Europe, reporting costs in Euros or U.K. pounds. There were no studies reporting costs for first-line treatments. Gaps in costs for select second-line and third-line treatments recommended by the CUA were also identified.
Conclusions: Canadian-specific cost data for OAB treatments published in the peer-reviewed literature is limited to a single study reporting costs for only a few second-line treatments sourced from a single province over 10 years ago. Cost data from other healthcare jurisdictions are available, but the generalizability of costs associated with third-line treatments is questionable.
The Impact Of Performance Expectation Gap On Corporate Strategic Change—Evidence from Listed Companies in the IT Industry
Authors: Huangfu Luyao , Wang Fang , Liu Dan , Wu Nan
Published: October 2021

Based on the panel data of Chinese listed companies in the information technology industry from 2007 to 2018, this paper uses a fixed-effect model to study the relationship between corporate performance expectation gap and strategic change and analyzes the moderating effect of private benefits of management control and equity incentive. It is found that the greater the gap between corporate performance expectations is, the lower the frequency of corporate mergers and acquisitions is, and the higher the frequency of corporate asset divestment is. Further research finds that private benefits of management control weaken the positive correlation between corporate performance expectation gap and asset stripping frequency. Equity incentive strengthens the negative correlation between corporate performance expectation gap and corporate mergers and acquisitions frequency, and the positive correlation between corporate performance expectation gap and corporate asset stripping frequency. Based on this, when enterprises carry out strategic change, enterprises should choose the direction of strategic change according to the degree of performance expectation gap, and promote the effective realization of strategic change by improving the governance of the board of directors and optimizing the management incentive mechanism.
Um arquivo aberto de Ana Luísa Janeira: a transformação pela viagem
Authors: Cruz Judite Zamith
Published: October 2021

O objeto do artigo é a análise textual de dois posts do blogue ArquivoVivido, de JANEIRA (17 dez. 2020): para uma epistemologia de viagem; e Viajar, colecionar, arquivar — Coisas loisas de muitas paragens com saberes, sabores e odores. A questão de pesquisa centra-se em apreciar a influência educativa precoce da leitura, a criação de mundos virtuais, para a construção do espírito de descoberta, nomeadamente por auscultar-se a história nas facetas de romance verdadeiro e ficção verbal ou virtual. O modelo teórico e metodológico foi a análise crítica de discurso (ÍÑIGUEZ-RUEDA, 2006), orientado a relações entre conceitos: verdade histórica, personalidade de Fernão Mendes Pinto, epistemologia de viagem, imaginação do espaço em mundos possíveis, transição de séculos XVI-XVIII, património material, legado espiritual, botica medieval, cura e saber-fazer. Destaca-se a comparação entre mundos reais e virtuais, num apelo a possibilidades duma hermenêutica dupla, segundo um foco de “imaginação racional”.
“É assim que se é criança”: quando a infância silencia na Educação Infantil (e na vida)
Authors: Medeiros Amanda Silva de , Scherer Suely
Published: October 2021

Este artigo surge de uma pesquisa de doutorado em desenvolvimento e tem como objetivo problematizar o espaço ocupado pela infância em uma escola de Educação Infantil. Durante o primeiro semestre de 2021, no contexto pandêmico do coronavírus Sars-Cov-2, causador da doença Covid-19, foram acompanhados, por meio de observações e conversas, 23 crianças do grupo III (crianças de 3 anos de idade), e três professoras. Junto aos referenciais epistemológicos de infância, cartografia e complexidade, discute-se a infância e como ela tem sido considerada na sociedade e na educação. A partir disso, estabelece-se a Educação Infantil enquanto território e, por meio de uma retomada histórica, sua constituição indica que esta etapa é vista como uma política inferior, assim como seus habitantes: as crianças. Por fim, apresentam-se algumas discussões acerca do primeiro semestre de encontros na escola, em que o contexto pandêmico potencializou as formas de silenciamento das crianças. Conclui-se a urgência de uma nova possibilidade de Educação Infantil que deve ser buscada na infância.
Effect of M-resin-based Stabilizer on the Performance of SBS Modified Asphalt
Authors: LEI Zhen , JIA Zhirong , LIN Xuefeng , LI Chaoyu , LIU Heng , ZHANG Jing
Published: October 2021

Industrial solid waste M-resin (MR) contains high sulfur content which was difficult to be comprehensively utilized. According to the vulcanization reaction mechanism, MR was used as vulcanizing agent, nano zinc oxide (ZnO) as an activator, tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (TMTD) as an accelerator to produce M-resin-based stabilizer. MR (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5), ZnO (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) and TMTD (0.06, 0.08, 0.1, 0.12, 0.14) were mixed with different contents, a three-factor and five-level orthogonal experiment was designed to test the penetration, ductility, softening point and 48 h softening point difference of SBS modified asphalt. Based on the four indexes, the basic formula of the stabilizer was obtained. The influence of kaolin, an auxiliary material, on the thermal stability was compared, and the formula were optimized, the appropriate dosage was determined. The microscopic morphology of the modified asphalt and SBS developmental fineness was analyzed with the fluorescent microscopy technology, and the SBS developmental fineness was studied with the generated binary graph and skeleton graph. DSR test was carried out to detect rheological properties of modified asphalt with different dosages of MR-based stabilizes. The results show that MR can significantly improve the thermal storage stability of modified asphalt. The ratio of MR:TMTD:ZnO:Kaolin is 1.5:0.5:0.08:12, and the appropriate dosage is 1.02 %. The stabilizer can reduce the 48 h softening point difference 33.6 ℃, increase the softening point 13.6 ℃, decrease the penetration degree 9.7 mm, but it has little effect on 5 ℃ ductility index. The microscopic images show that a cavity two-phase continuous network structure is formed inside the modified asphalt under the appropriate dosage of M-resin-based stabilizer. The SBS developmental fineness is 2.36 μm, and the uniformity is good. DSR test also shows that stabilizer can effectively improve the high temperature performance of SBS modified asphalt.
O Jardim Japonês na Estética da Natureza Contemporânea
Authors: Carvalho Tiago Mesquita ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

This paper aims to depict the main philosophical lines that, deriving from Japanese Zen Buddhist precepts, guided and allowed the development of the Japanese garden. Some necessary historical, geographical and cultural references will have to be drawn if an acute portrait of its specificity is to be made; nonetheless, as it should be clear along the article, its guiding lines are universal, as the spread and influence of the Japanese gardens in other cultural contexts illustrates it. And that could only be due to the aesthetic and ontological autonomy, relevance and fertility that fosters this style of gardening. The vision that crosses the Japanese garden will also be exposed through the resemblances and differences with other authors, namely Kant and the concepts sustained by his Critique of Judgment, which therefore mutually enriches the clash of both perspectives.
Presentación
Authors: Romera Castillo José
Published: October 2021

Hasta el momento. Signa. Revista de la Asociación Española de Semiótica -por iniciativa mía- se ha propuesto realizar unos estados de la cuestión sobre el cultivo de la semiótica en el ámbito iberoamericano, con el fin de ofrecer a la comunidad internacional unos panoramas no sólo informativos, sino también valorativos de lo realizado en este ámbito científico, en los últimos años, en España, Brasil y diferentes países de Latinoamérica.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau y Ferdinand de Saussure: por una teoría de la literatura comparada
Authors: Camarero Jesús
Published: October 2021

Durante siglos y siglos la escritura fue privilegiada como sistema de representación y de expresión minoritario y elitista. La escritura era ya también, en aquel entonces, el vehículo de la literatura y, además, ésta atesoraba una tradición multisecular cuyo modelo era inamovible, es decir, «una fuente de normas de perfección lingüística» (Crystal, 1987: 178). La escritura era, como luego reconocería también Saussure, una representación fijada y permanente de la lengua y un modo de reutilizar sin límites los logros de la expresión esté- Este trabajo se enmarca dentro de las investigaciones llevadas a cabo por el autor en el con texto del Proyecto de Investigación Jean-Jacques Rousseau y la modernidad del País Vasco (Gobierno Vasco, 1998-2000), dirigido por Xabier Palacios Quintero. tica acumulada desde sus inicios por la literatura. Al mismo tiempo la lengua hablada era ignorada sistemáticamente como un valor, hasta el punto de que toda relación con el arte literario pasaba por la consideración de las «bellas letras» —retórica, estilística, etc.— y nunca por el cultivo de la lengua hablada, pues era la lengua escrita, con su fijación matérica a un soporte permanente, la que constituía la referencia de toda elaboración estética o artística.
Reseña de: José Teruel Benavente: Otro marco teórico para el medio siglo: la poesía de Miguel Fernández. Madrid: UNED, 2000
Authors: Fernández de la Torre José Luis
Published: October 2021

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Factors Affecting Genetic Consultation in Adolescent and Young Adult Patients With Sarcoma
Authors: McKay Grace E. , Zakas Anna L. , Osman Fauzia , Parkes Amanda
Published: October 2021

Background: Given a link between sarcomas and hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes, including Li-Fraumeni syndrome, the consideration for genetic counseling is recommended for all adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients diagnosed with sarcoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors influencing genetic consultations in AYA patients with sarcoma at the University of Wisconsin (UW). Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on AYA patients diagnosed with sarcoma between the ages of 15 and 39 years who were seen at least once between 2015 to 2019 at UW. Our chart review identified discussions regarding genetics, referrals to genetics, genetic consultations, and results of genetic testing. Variables hypothesized to affect patient referrals for genetic consultation were identified a priori. Descriptive statistical methods and a univariate analysis were used to identify patient characteristics associated with genetic counseling referral. Results: We identified 87 AYA patients with sarcoma. Only 19 (22%) of these patients had documentation of a discussion about genetics, 15 (17%) of whom were subsequently referred for genetic consultation. Of these 15 patients, 9 (60%) were seen in consultation. All 9 patients seen by genetics underwent genetic testing, with 4 (44%) of these patients having identified heritable cancer predisposition syndromes. Likelihood for genetics referral was linked most strongly to documented genetics discussion with an oncology provider (P<.001). Conclusions: Despite the recommendation for consideration for genetic counseling in AYA patients with sarcoma, <25% of such patients in our study had a documented discussion about genetics. Supporting this need, all referred patients met criteria for genetic testing, and 44% of tested patients were found to have a heritable cancer predisposition syndrome. These data support the initial conversation by a provider as critical to genetic referral and suggest the need for more specific national recommendations for the genetic evaluation of all AYA patients with sarcoma.
De protagonista histórico a personaje de novela:
Authors: Illades Lilián
Published: October 2021

En la cuarta década del siglo XIX se enjuició y sentenció por diversos crímenes al coronel Juan Yáñez, alias Relumbrón; a la sazón subordinado cercano a un presidente de México. El militar encabezó a un grupo de bandidos que asaltaron las propiedades de personas prominentes, adineradas, templos, conventos y comercios de la capital del país, así como a viajeros que transitaban por los caminos, principalmente el derrotero de la Ciudad de México al puerto de Veracruz. Este cabecilla ocupa un papel central en una de las memorables piezas literarias de Manuel Payno: Los Bandidos de Río Frío. Propio de la pluma del escritor, la novela constituye una invaluable fuente para la historia social y cultural de los mexicanos. El propósito del presente artículo es develar el perfil histórico del coronel, mediante la reconstrucción de su entorno familiar y el extracto del proceso judicial al que fue sometido, mismo al que no tuvo acceso el novelista. La infausta figura de Relumbrón sólo pudo ser preservada a través de la literatura, de lo contrario se habría sumergido en los anales criminales.

In the fourth decade of the 19th century, Colonel Juan Yáñez, alias Relumbrón (the one who shines), then a close subordinate of a Mexican president, was tried and sentenced for various crimes. Then officer headed a group of bandits who robbed the properties of prominent and wealthy people, churches, convents and businesses in the capital of the country, as well as travelers on the roads, mainly the route from Mexico City to the port of Veracruz. This ringleader occupies a central role in one of Manuel Payno´s memorable novels, Los Bandidos de Río Frío (The bandits of Río Frío). Typical of the writer´s pen, the novel is an invaluable source for the social and cultural history of Mexicans. The purpose of this article is to unveil the historical profile of the colonel, through the reconstruction of his family environment and the excerpt of the judicial process to which he has subjected, to which the novelist did not have access. The infamous figure of Relumbrón could only be preserved through literature, otherwise he would have been submerged in the annals of crime.
Revolucionarios, internacionalistas y sobrevivientes. Una historia oral de la Revolución cubana.
Authors: López-Acón Óscar
Published: October 2021

La Revolución cubana constituye probablemente el hecho más influyente en la historia contemporánea de América Latina por su alcance y significado. Todavía hoy, los ecos de aquel acontecimiento se proyectan sobremanera en el presente y los numerosos interrogantes que sigue generando lo convierten en un terreno extraordinariamente fértil para su estudio. En el presente artículo queremos explorar las potencialidades que ofrece la historia oral para tal fin. Para ello, nos servimos de las historias de vida de algunos sujetos que tuvieron experiencia directa o participaron del acontecer político y social de Cuba desde la década de los cincuenta hasta el presente en distintos escenarios. El rescate de sus voces nos permite acercarnos a la experiencia vivida de la Revolución y nos ayuda a comprender el significado mismo de ese proceso histórico.

The Cuban Revolution constitute probably the most influential event in the contemporary history of Latin America due to its scope and significance. Even today, the echoes of that historical event are projected greatly in the present and the numerous of unanswered questions that still generate turn into extraordinary field to this study. In the present article we want to explore the potentialities what the oral history can offer us to reach that objective. In order to dive into this issue we shall focus in the life stories of some person who had direct experience or taken part in political and social happen in Cuba, from fifties decade to the present in a different scenes. The rescue of their voices allows us to approach the “lived experience” of the Revolution and helps us to know the very meaning of that historical process.
Inert gas flow speed measurements in laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing
Authors: Weaver Jordan S , Schlenoff Alec , Deisenroth David C , Moylan Shawn P
Published: October 2021

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is an additive manufacturing technology that uses a laser to selectively melt powder feedstock to build parts in a layer-by-layer process. For metals-based LBPF additive manufacturing, the interaction of the laser and powder feedstock creates byproducts such as a plume, spatter, and powder ejecta. Directional gas flow, typically nitrogen or argon, is used to remove or mitigate the negative effects of these byproducts. This report documents and presents gas flow measurements using hot-wire anemometers (HWA) for two different nozzles on a commercial LPBF machine and two different gasses at the NIST Additive Manufacturing Metrology Testbed (AMMT). The AMMT gas flow system generates comparable volumetric flow rates with argon and with nitrogen, which result in comparable flow speed profiles for both gasses. There are significant differences in the gas speed profiles along the gas flow direction (Y-position) and minimal differences perpendicular to the gas flow direction (X-position) with both machines. The speed differences with Y-position are in part due to the elevated inlet and outlet nozzles from the build platform. The average speed only decreases slightly from the inlet to the outlet despite these differences in the speed profiles. The grid nozzle on the commercial machine with a downward facing row of channels at the base of the nozzle increases the gas speed close to the build platform; however, non-uniform speed profiles remain. Gas speed and therefore gas speed measurements with HWAs are highly dependent on Z and Y position. This should be considered when prescribing machine performance protocols. Additional suggestions for measuring and reporting gas flow are made as well as recommended future experiments and simulations to assist in machine performance standards.
Creating Supply Chain Resilience Through Scenario Planning: How a Digital Twin Can Be Used To Enhance Supply Chain Resilience Through Scenario Planning
Authors: Lindquist Joachim , de Haas Henning
Published: October 2021

This book focusses on the concept of supply chain disruptions and how supply chain resilience can contribute to both preparing for and reacting to the event causing disruption. For building a digital twin of a supply chain, a software named Supply Chain Guru has been used. The software is a supply chain design tool which can be used for different kinds of supply chain network optimisation. The book outlines four scenarios: Covid-19 lockdown, Brexit without deal, Conflagration at a dairy and Political regulations on transport. The scenarios all contain a problem that needs to be solved. This problem is considered as the main disruption for the supply chain. Running the scenario in Supply Chain Guru, constraints are added to the AS-IS model. The constraints are identified as implications of the event in the scenarios. By adding the constraints and running the model, Supply Chain Guru identifies suggestions to solve the problems which were described. The solutions within the scenarios are held up against the theory of supply chain resilience, to describe how the scenario planning can be used to enhance supply chain resilience. Finally, the book discuss how scenario planning can be related to supply chain resilience as well as how scenario planning can be used to increase supply chain resilience.
CLONAL PROPAGATION CAPACITY OF TWO NEW APPLE ROOTSTOCKS BY STOOLING
Authors: ALHALABI Ola T. , MUZHER Bayan M.
Published: October 2021

This investigation was carried out at General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research – Pome and Grapevine Division in Sweida governorate (Syria), from 2013 to 2017, to evaluate the ability of two new local apple rootstocks (SukariAlswieda ‘S’and SkarjiAlswieda ‘H’) to vegetative propagation in stool bed. The results showed that the second year of propagation significantly produced the highest number of rooted shoots (liners) from each rootstock (7 liners and 5 liners in ‘S’ and ‘H’ respectively). ‘S’ and ‘H’ rootstocks revealed significant difference in average produced liners. However, the length and diameter of liners from ‘H’ rootstock did not show significant difference among studied years, they were in average 59.1 cm and 6.1 mm respectively.While as, the highest length and diameter of liners from ‘S’ were in the third year (82.3 cm and 7.6 mm respectively). On the other hand, the two studied rootstocks produced liners with good and stable root system which differed in structure between them, that ‘S’ rootstock revealed coarse (woody) roots, while in ‘H’ rootstock the roots were hairy. The number of roots was in average 17 roots and 12 roots in the liners of ‘S’ and ‘H’ respectively.As well as. the average length of liners roots were 23.4 cm and 22.2 cm in ‘S’ and ‘H’ respectively. Consequently, the clonal propagation for the studied rootstocks in stool bed is a sufficient tool to produce liners similar to the plant parent and they are ready to be budded with cultivars scions.
A PORK VALUE CHAIN IN PORTUGAL: THE CASE STUDY OF PORCO ALENTEJANO, MONTANHEIRA SYSTEM AND TRADITIONAL PRODUCTS
Authors: PARREIRA Maria João , OLIVEIRA Fátima , REIS Pedro , COELHO Inocêncio
Published: October 2021

For the production of the Porco Alentejano, an autochthonous Portuguese porcine breed, the Montanheira system is a crucial process, corresponding to a period of an intensive pig´s fattening in the Montado. It occurs between October and March, where the pigs freely consume the acorns. Montado is an agro-forestry-pastoral Portuguese system created by the human intervention, which occupies a large part of the territory, being a source of unique products, as the cork and the acorn. Montado´s management is a complex process due to its susceptibility to disturbances of soil and Quercus trees, and a dynamic between the economic activities and the conservation of this system. The objective of this study is to estimate, along the value chain, the Gross Product of the acorn, the Montanheira pig value, and of the fresh meat and final processed products, protected designation of origin (PDO) products. From the secondary information about the Montado area, the Porco Alentejano herds, and with the information collected in the field works, we estimate and present the results. The pig is the most efficient animal in the acorn conversion, multiplying by ten the economic value of food animal resource. The transformation into high quality traditional PDO hams and shoulders increases about 50% the value of the Porco Alentejano reared in Montanheira. The joint between the Montado and the development of rural areas, where the studied animal rearing takes place, is a good example of the balance between the economy, the sustainability of natural resources and cultural heritage.
THE ESTIMATION OF HEAT AND DROUGHT TOLERANCE MAIZE LINES USING DNA MARKERS
Authors: PRYSIAZHNIUK Larysa , HONCHAROV Yurii , SHYTIKOVA Yuliia , CHERNII Snizhana , HURSKA Viktoria , TKACHYK Svitlana
Published: October 2021

The main factor which causes to decrease maize grain yield is drought. In most regions where maize is grown, the water stress during the growing period is caused by both lack of soil moisture and high air temperature. The purposes of our study were the estimation and selection of maize lines for drought and heat tolerance based on DNA markers and determination of the correlation between CAPS markers and plant ability to resist the water stress. As the result of study, the significant differences were found between leaf temperature of maize lines which contained favorable alleles by both CAPS markers in 2018 and 2019 (35.72 and 34.41ºC respectively), LSD0.05=1.27. The leaf temperature of maize lines which had SNP (A) by dhn С397 (36.95ºC) differenced significantly with lines contained favorable allele by rspC1090 or lines with no favorable alleles in 2018 (33.68 and 34.35ºC respectively). Based on analysis by seeds germinating in sucrose solution the significant differences were observed between the amount of sprouted seeds in lines contained SNP(G) by rspC1090 and lines without any favorable allele (4% and 2.25% respectively), LSD0.05= 1.70. As the result of correlation analysis, the positive correlation was determined between SNP(A) by dhnС397 marker in maize lines and leaf temperature in 2018-2019 (r=0.16). The positive correlation was observed between SNP(G)byrspC1090 and the percent of sprouted seeds in sucrose solution (r=0.31). Thus, for complex estimation and maize line selection for drought and heat tolerance it could be recommended to use two CAPS markers dhnC397 and rspC1090.
EVALUATION OF SOIL QUALITY PARAMETERS IN SILVOARABLE SYSTEMS
Authors: KOKKORA Maria , VRAHNAKIS Michael , KLEFTOYANNI Vassiliki
Published: October 2021

Agroforestry is considered a sustainable cultivating methodology in comparison to intensified and one-dimension agriculture, resulting in higher yields, socioeconomic benefits and environmental protection as well. The silvoarable systems constitute classification of the agroforestry systems that involve crops and trees in the same spatiotemporal scales. One of the most important benefits related to the productivity of silvoarable systems is the maintenance or improvement of soil quality. In the present study, qualitative characteristics of soils in traditional silvoarable systems in the area of Mouzaki, central Greece, were studied through the determination of basic soil parameters, including the organic matter content, total nitrogen, exchangeable potassium and available phosphorus. All systems under investigation were characterised as boundary hedgerows (livefences). The trees in the hedgerows may include mulberry, wild pear, wild walnut, and other wild tree types typical of the Mouzaki landscape, whereas the understorey crops were both arable and horticultural. Within the research areas, the effect of the trees on the concentration of the selected soil parameters was investigated. Soil samples were collected in all systems at two depths (0-30 and 30-60 cm) and at three distances from the selected trees, corresponding to half, twice, triple or quadruple the tree canopy width. The results of the research provided evidence of C sequestration in all soils under investigation, thus indicating the positive effect of agroforestry systems on the environment.
Agricultura Urbana: agroecologia, alimentação, saúde e bem-estar
Authors: Nakamura Angélica Campos , Ranieri Guilherme Reis
Published: October 2021

O livro da coleção Temas em Saúde apresenta uma série de abordagens de diferentes áreas para apresentar as potencialidades da agricultura urbana e como ela se relaciona com a saúde e o bem-estar. O título busca mostrar, de forma didática, como assuntos diversos se relacionam com a agricultura urbana e quais são seus usos e práticas. Em quatro capítulos, os autores englobam temas como orgânicos e agroecologia, os principais impactos da agricultura convencional, as plantas alimentícias não convencionais e a relação entre hortas e políticas de promoção da saúde. A economia solidária e os diversos tipos de agricultura e sua importância na promoção da qualidade de vida também são assuntos levantados. A obra reúne ainda debates sobre as relações entre agricultura urbana, educação alimentar e educação ambiental, além de dicas para os leitores que querem começar e manter uma horta.
The structure of behavioral variation within a genotype
Authors: Werkhoven Zachary , Bravin Alyssa , Skutt-Kakaria Kyobi , Reimers Pablo , Pallares Luisa F , Ayroles Julien , de Bivort Benjamin L
Published: October 2021

Individual animals vary in their behaviors. This is true even when they share the same genotype and were reared in the same environment. Clusters of covarying behaviors constitute behavioral syndromes, and an individual’s position along such axes of covariation is a representation of their personality. Despite these conceptual frameworks, the structure of behavioral covariation within a genotype is essentially uncharacterized and its mechanistic origins unknown. Passing hundreds of inbred Drosophila individuals through an experimental pipeline that captured hundreds of behavioral measures, we found sparse but significant correlations among small sets of behaviors. Thus, the space of behavioral variation has many independent dimensions. Manipulating the physiology of the brain, and specific neural populations, altered specific correlations. We also observed that variation in gene expression can predict an individual’s position on some behavioral axes. This work represents the first steps in understanding the biological mechanisms determining the structure of behavioral variation within a genotype.
Human Erbb2-induced Erk activity robustly stimulates cycling and functional remodeling of rat and human cardiomyocytes
Authors: Strash Nicholas , DeLuca Sophia , Janer Carattini Geovanni L , Heo Soon Chul , Gorsuch Ryne , Bursac Nenad
Published: October 2021

Multiple mitogenic pathways capable of promoting mammalian cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation have been identified as potential candidates for functional heart repair following myocardial infarction. However, it is unclear whether the effects of these mitogens are species-specific and how they directly compare in the same cardiac setting. Here, we examined how CM-specific lentiviral expression of various candidate mitogens affects human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived CMs (hiPSC-CMs) and neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) in vitro. In 2D-cultured CMs from both species, and in highly mature 3D-engineered cardiac tissues generated from NRVMs, a constitutively active mutant form of the human gene Erbb2 (cahErbb2) was the most potent tested mitogen. Persistent expression of cahErbb2 induced CM proliferation, sarcomere loss, and remodeling of tissue structure and function, which were attenuated by small molecule inhibitors of Erk signaling. These results suggest transient activation of Erbb2/Erk axis in CMs as a potential strategy for regenerative heart repair.
Mechanical overstimulation causes acute injury and synapse loss followed by fast recovery in lateral-line neuromasts of larval zebrafish
Authors: Holmgren Melanie , Ravicz Michael E , Hancock Kenneth E , Strelkova Olga , Kallogjeri Dorina , Indzhykulian Artur A , Warchol Mark E , Sheets Lavinia
Published: October 2021

Excess noise damages sensory hair cells, resulting in loss of synaptic connections with auditory nerves and, in some cases, hair-cell death. The cellular mechanisms underlying mechanically induced hair-cell damage and subsequent repair are not completely understood. Hair cells in neuromasts of larval zebrafish are structurally and functionally comparable to mammalian hair cells but undergo robust regeneration following ototoxic damage. We therefore developed a model for mechanically induced hair-cell damage in this highly tractable system. Free swimming larvae exposed to strong water wave stimulus for 2 hr displayed mechanical injury to neuromasts, including afferent neurite retraction, damaged hair bundles, and reduced mechanotransduction. Synapse loss was observed in apparently intact exposed neuromasts, and this loss was exacerbated by inhibiting glutamate uptake. Mechanical damage also elicited an inflammatory response and macrophage recruitment. Remarkably, neuromast hair-cell morphology and mechanotransduction recovered within hours following exposure, suggesting severely damaged neuromasts undergo repair. Our results indicate functional changes and synapse loss in mechanically damaged lateral-line neuromasts that share key features of damage observed in noise-exposed mammalian ear. Yet, unlike the mammalian ear, mechanical damage to neuromasts is rapidly reversible.