bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IRON AVAILABILITY BY COASTAL DIATOM CHAETOCEROS SP. IN THE SHIZUGAWA BAY, JAPAN
Authors: Natsuike Masafumi , Natsuike Masafumi , Kikuchi Tetsuro , Kikuchi Tetsuro , Lee Ying Ping , Lee Ying Ping , Endo Yuta , Endo Yuta , Liu Yuhe , Liu Yuhe , Fujii Manabu , Fujii Manabu , Yoshimura Chihiro , Yoshimura Chihiro
Published: June 2018

This study aimed to investigate the spatial distribution of dissolved iron from river to coastal waters and iron bioavailability for coastal phytoplankton. Dissolved iron concentrations and other water quality parameters (e.g., pH, concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and trace metals, etc.) were determined in the Shizugawa Bay and its adjacent rivers, northeast Japan. Coastal dominant diatom (Chaetoceros sp.) isolated from the bay was used for incubational assay to examine growth kinetics in a range of iron concentrations. As a result, total dissolved iron concentrations of inland waters (75 ± 80 nM) were substantially higher than those of coastal waters (7.2 ± 4.8 nM). Among inland waters, iron concentrations from anthropogenic waters were relatively higher than those for forested river waters. In the bay, relatively higher concentrations of iron were observed in the inner part. From the growth experiment, half-saturation constant of iron for the growth of Chaetoceros sp. was determined to be 1.8 - 3.5 nM. The observed dissolved iron concentrations combined with growth response indicate that growth of Chaetoceros sp. is in some cases limited by iron availability. However, this study generally suggests that, while dissolved iron concentration largely decreased from river to coastal waters, terrestrial iron inputs potentially including both natural and anthropogenic sources contribute sufficient growth and iron availability by Chaetoceros sp. in the Shizugawa Bay.
ENERGY TRANSFER EFFICIENCIES ON LOWER TROPHIC LEVELS WITH INTENSIVE OYSTER FARMING IN HIROSHIMA BAY, JAPAN
Authors: Umehara Akira , Umehara Akira , Asaoka Satoshi , Asaoka Satoshi , Fujii Naoki , Fujii Naoki , Otani Sosuke , Otani Sosuke , Yamamoto Hironori , Yamamoto Hironori , Nakai Satoshi , Nakai Satoshi , Okuda Tetsuji , Okuda Tetsuji , Nishijima Wataru , Nishijima Wataru
Published: June 2018

In enclosed water areas, organic matters are actively produced by phytoplankton due to abundant nutrient supply from the rivers. In our study area of the semi-enclosed Hiroshima Bay, oyster farming consuming high primary production has been developed since the 1950s, and the oyster production of Hiroshima prefecture have had the largest market share (ca. 60%) in Japan. In this study, species composition of phytoplankton, primary production, and secondary production of net zooplanktons and oysters were determined seasonally at seven stations in the bay between November 2014 and August 2015. In the bay, diatoms including Skeletonema costatum dominated during the period of the study. The primary productions markedly increased during summer (August), and its mean values in the northern part of the bay (NB) and the southern part (SB) were 530 and 313 mgC/m2/d, respectively. The productions of net zooplankton and oyster increased during the warm season, and its mean values in the NB were 14 and 1.2 mgC/m2/d, and in SB were 28 and 0.9 mgC/m2/d, respectively. The energy transfer efficiencies from the primary producers to the secondary producers in the NB and SB were 2.8% and 9.1%, respectively. However, the transfer efficiency to the oysters was approximately 0.3% in the bay. This study clearly showed the spatial difference of the productions and transfer efficiencies, and the low contribution of the production of oysters in secondary productions in Hiroshima Bay.
DECADAL SCALE VARIATION IN BOTTOM DO AND COD DYNAMICS IN THE INNER AREA OF ARIAKE SEA, JAPAN
Authors: Hayami Yuichi , Hayami Yuichi
Published: June 2018

The dissolved oxygen, COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and DIN (Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen) data for more than 30 years in the inner area of Ariake Sea, Japan were analyzed with a box model. The bottom water in this area easily became hypoxic from the 1970s to the early 90s associated with the increase in COD. There were minimal increases in terrestrial COD and nutrient loads in this period and there remained tidal flats over a widespread area. The increase in COD was caused by the increase in internal production (net ecosystem production in the sea). This would be due to the enhanced primary production induced by the increase in freshwater residence time and the decrease in bivalves grazing. The increase in freshwater residence time would have been caused by the decline of tidal amplitude mainly generated by the decrease of outer sea tidal amplitude. There would be a negative feedback control where hypoxia tends to progressively increase leading to declines in bivalve biomass which subsequently remove grazing pressure limiting primary production and on senescence of blooms of phytoplankton enhances hypoxia. The possibility of the influence of the Isahaya sea dike construction and how to improve the hypoxic conditions are also discussed.
GLOBAL WARMING IMPACT ON URMIA LAKE VULNERABILITY AND HAZARD
Authors: Khoshravan Homayoun , Khoshravan Homayoun
Published: June 2018

The main goal of the research is to analyze the global warming impact on Urmia lake vulnerabiliy and hazard. By the study of topographic maps, satellite images and field research, the various types of coasts were identified: mud flats, salt marshes, sandy or cliffed coasts, and islands. Moreover the interpretation of seismic profiles, has led to recognize so important morphological features in the lake bed, such as: erosive channels, colos, mud volcanoes, the raised sandy masses and under water mounts. The main results illustrate the variable morphological behavior of Urmia Lake in different parts of the lake.
THE INFLUENCE OF SEA ICE ON THE SEA COAST OF SHANTAR ISLANDS
Authors: Illarionova Margarita , Illarionova Margarita
Published: June 2018

The Shantar Islands is the group of islands satiated in the Sea of Okhotsk near the exit of Uda Bay, Tugur Bay and Ulban Bay. The islands separated from the mainland and started to exist only 6000 years ago. It happened under the influence of the sea transgression followed by flooding of some parts of the land surface and isolation of the most elevated mountain parts from the mainland. The climate of The Shantar Island is more severe than the climate in the North part of the Sea of Okhotsk due to its proximity to cold regions of Yakutia, complex system of wind and tidal currents, the duration of the ice period, loads of fog and frequent storm winds. The height of tides on the islands can reach 8 meters, and these tidal currents are considered as one of the fastest tides of the World Ocean. The ice near the islands appears in the beginning of November and doesn’t melt for 8-9 months, usually, till mid-July, but some years till mid-August. Such severe ice conditions cannot be observed anywhere else in the Sea of Okhotsk. The variety of forms of the Shantar Islands is a consequence of severe ice conditions, unusual tidal currents and irregularity of the seashore. The most important seashores forming factor is considered to be the activity of sea ice.
INFORMATIONAL SUPPORT FOR COASTAL FORECAST DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN TIDELESS SEAS
Authors: Kosyan Maxim , Kosyan Maxim
Published: June 2018

The goal of the accomplished work was provision of information to the project, targeted at study of forming and evolution processes of accumulative shore forms of tideless seas of Russia under the effect of hydro-, litho- and morphodynamic factors. Project is accomplished by a team of specialists from leading Russian research institutions from year 2014 onwards. Main element of saving research results is information-analytical complex, which is found on the Internet at http://cofore.coastdyn.ru/index_eng.html, consists of static and dynamic modules, system of statistical analysis and management and protection of created resources. Information sources for information-analytical complex consists of: existing databases of reference data from Institute of Oceanology, material gathered from long distance and on-site observations over dynamic of coastal waters and sedimentary transportation; material from conferences and open publications. As project develops it is planned to keep developing complex with new research data and relevant publications.
REFRAMING THE CLIMATE CHANGE CONVERSATION: USING VALUES, EXPLANATORY CHAINS AND METAPHOR TO INCREASE PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Authors: Scallion Mark , Scallion Mark , Pitts Samantha , Pitts Samantha
Published: June 2018

Sea level rise caused by climate change is a significant threat to communities in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Audubon, in conjunction with NNOCCI, has crafted a locally applicable methodology for successfully sharing climate messages with the public. If enough voices are trained in proven climate communication techniques, the discourse around climate change will change to be productive, creative and solutions focused. Climate communicators and scientists frequently encounter two pitfalls. The first is assuming people have any understanding of climate science. Although studies indicate many feel it is an important issue, many are largely misinformed about the causes and ramifications of climate change. The second is the tendency to talk about climate in the context of unproductive cultural models. A good example of this is graphically highlighting the dire situation that is faced by polar bears, humans or other species, which lead people to quickly disengage from the issue as “too big and scary to deal with.” Through the use of solid explanatory chains, good climate communicators can fill cognitive gaps and avoid unproductive cultural models. Skilled framers direct the conversation towards helpful cultural models and explain climate issues through step-by-step cause and effect and strategically deployed explanatory metaphors. Skilled framers start the conversation with solutions in mind.
CANONICAL CORRELATION AMONG LARGE SCALE OSCILLATIONS, TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION IN COASTAL REGIONS OF COLOMBIA
Authors: Díaz Diana , Díaz Diana , Villegas Nancy , Villegas Nancy
Published: June 2018

This study examines relationships between available surface meteorology variables and climatic oscillations by using canonical correlation analysis (CCA). Canonical loadings and cross loadings from CCA are evaluated for meteorological stations located over coastal regions of Colombia. The tests, used for these studies, consider the temperature, the precipitation data, three of the main oscillations – the Ocean Niño Index (ONI), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and the Quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). The results show the power of the statistical method used to identify associations on the data set with an acceptable level of confidence using multivariate approach. The analysis reveals relations mostly between the variables and the ENSO for all cases and a discrete connection with the NAO and QBO. To add climate indices to the group of independent variables increased the variance rates between 5 and 7%.
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTIC OF SEA RADIANCE COEFFICIENT SPECTRA MEASURED REMOTELY IN COASTAL WATERS OF FIVE SEAS
Authors: Rostovtseva Vera , Rostovtseva Vera , Goncharenko Igor , Goncharenko Igor , Khlebnikov Dmitrii , Khlebnikov Dmitrii , Konovalov Boris , Konovalov Boris
Published: June 2018

Sea radiance coefficient, defined as the ratio of the sunlight reflected by the water bulk to the sunlight illuminating the water surface, is one of the most informative optical characteristics of the seawater that can be obtained by passive remote sensing. We got the sea radiance coefficient spectra by processing the data obtained in measurements from board a moving ship. Using sea radiance coefficient optical spectra it is possible to estimate water constituents concentration and their distribution over the aquatory of interest. However, thus obtained sea radiance coefficient spectra are strongly affected by weather and measurement conditions and needs some calibration. It was shown that practically all the spectra of sea radiance coefficient have some generic peculiarities regardless of the type of sea waters. These peculiarities can be explained by the spectrum of pure sea water absorption. Taking this into account a new calibration method was developed. The measurements were carried out with the portative spectroradiometers from board a ship in the five different seas: at the north-east coast of the Black Sea, in the Gdansk Bay of the Baltic Sea, in the west part of the Aral Sea, in the Kara Sea with the Ob’ Bay and in the Philippine Sea at the coast of Taiwan. The new method of calibration was applied to the obtained spectra of the sea radiance coefficient that enabled us to get the corresponding absorption spectra and estimate the water constituents concentration in every region. The obtained concentration estimates were compared to the values obtained in water samples taken during the same measurement cycle and available data from other investigations. The revealed peculiarities of the sea radiance coefficient spectra in the aquatories under exploration were compared to the corresponding water content and some characteristic features were discussed.
LANDSCAPE STUDY OF CHEBOKSARY AND KUYBYSHEV RESERVOIRS COASTS FOR RECREATIONAL USING
Authors: Gumenyuk Anna , Gumenyuk Anna , Nikonorova Inna , Nikonorova Inna
Published: June 2018

The plot of study is Cheboksary and its suburbans and located on the joint of two landscape zones: a forest zone and a forest-steppe zone. The border between the zones goes along the Volga River, which establishes favourable environment for recreation. There has been observed slope type of areas on the right bank of the Volga River of the Cheboksary and Kuybyshev Reservoir. It has 3º and more incline, with washed-off soil and broadleaved woodland (relict mountainous oak woods), subjected to considerable land-clearing. In the immediate bank zone of the Volga River, where abrasive-soil-slipping and abrasive-talus processes mostly develop, the main types of natural areas have been marked out: 1) Abrasive landslide cliffs at the original slopes of Volga Valley of 60º steepness, more than 15 m high, with permanent watering as a result of underground waters leakage; 2) Abrasive cliffs of terraces above flood-plains of 2 m high; 3) Abrasive cliffs of original slope of the valley of the river Volga of 2 m high, with distinctive abrasive niches in the lower part of the slope or temporary concentration of caving demolishing material. Left coast is lowland plain, the part of taiga landscape zone. Low terraces above flood plain of Volga are formed by sand with loam layers, with sod-podzol sandy and sandy loam soil in combination with marshy soil, with fir-pine forest, with from lichen bogs to sphagnum bog; in lowlands, on old felling plots, on abandoned peat mines deciduous forests with mostly birches and aspens prevail.
ANALYSIS OF MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON IN THE YODO RIVER ESTUARY BY THE NUMERICAL ECOSYSTEM MODEL
Authors: Hayashi Mitsuru , Hayashi Mitsuru , Miyawaki Tomomi , Miyawaki Tomomi , Ryutaro Koga , Ryutaro Koga
Published: June 2018

In order to understand the temporal variation of the physics and fluid structure of Yodo River estuary in detail, we had made in-situ observation. And the temporal variation of Alexandrium tamarense which cause the shellfish poisoning of natural freshwater clam was analyzed by the numerical ecosystem model which is considered the salinity effects. Stratification develops in the downstream side. Chl.a concentration is high in the seawater region. A. tamarense is detected in the downstream side. The numerical ecosystem model including the salinity effect for A. tamarense was formulated. A. tamarense grow only in the bottom layer in daytime, and the daily mean of it is 7 % of it transported from Osaka Bay. A. tamarense is transported to the upstream in flood tide. 81 % of it transported from Osaka Bay goes to the upstream zone. Much A. tamarense transported to the upstream zone in nighttime due to the vertical migration. Therefore when it is the flood tide in nighttime, more of A. tamarense might be transported to the upstream zone.
A FUNDAMENTAL STUDY ON CARBON STORAGE BY ZOSTERA MARINA IN ISE BAY, JAPAN
Authors: Kokubu Hideki , Kokubu Hideki
Published: June 2018

Blue Carbon, which is carbon captured by marine organisms, has recently come into focus as an important factor for climate change initiatives. This carbon is stored in vegetated coastal ecosystems, specifically mangrove forests, seagrass beds and salt marshes. The recognition of the C sequestration value of vegetated coastal ecosystems provides a strong argument for their protection and restoration. Therefore, it is necessary to improve scientific understanding of the mechanisms that stock control C in these ecosystems. However, the contribution of Blue Carbon sequestration to atmospheric CO2 in shallow waters is as yet unclear, since investigations and analysis technology are ongoing. In this study, Blue Carbon sinks by Zostera marina were evaluated in artificial (Gotenba) and natural (Matsunase) Zostera beds in Ise Bay, Japan. 12-hour continuous in situ photosynthesis and oxygen consumption measurements were performed in both areas by using chambers in light and dark conditions. The production and dead amount of Zostera marina shoots were estimated by standing stock measurements every month. It is estimated that the amount of carbon storage as Blue Carbon was 237g-C/m2/year and 197g-C/m2/year in the artificial and natural Zostera marina beds, respectively. These results indicated that Zostera marina plays a role towards sinking Blue Carbon.
TRANSFER EFFICIENCY FROM PRIMARY PRODUCERS TO RUDITAPES PHILIPPINARUM ON AN INTERTIDAL FLAT IN HIROSHIMA BAY, JAPAN
Authors: Otani Sosuke , Otani Sosuke , Umehara Akira , Umehara Akira , Miyagawa Haruka , Miyagawa Haruka , Asaoka Satoshi , Asaoka Satoshi , Fujii Naoki , Fujii Naoki , Okuda Tetsuji , Okuda Tetsuji , Nakai Satoshi , Nakai Satoshi , Nishijima Wataru , Nishijima Wataru
Published: June 2018

Fish yields of Ruditapes philippinarum have been decreased and the resources have not yet recovered. It needs to clarify food sources of R. philippinarum, and relationship between primary and secondary production of it. The purpose on this study is to reveal transfer efficiency from primary producers to R. philippinarum and food sources of R. philippinarum. The field investigation was carried out to quantify biomass of R. philippinarum and primary producers on intertidal sand flat at Zigozen beach in Hiroshima Bay, Japan. In particular, photosynthetic rates of primary producers such as Zostera marina, Ulva sp. and microphytobenthos were determined in laboratory experiments. The carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios for R. philippinarum and 8 potential food sources (microphytobenthos, MPOM etc) growing in the tidal flat were also measured. In summer 2015, the primary productions of Z. marina, Ulva sp. and microphytobenthos were estimated to be 70.4 kgC/day, 43.4 kgC/day and 2.2 kgC/day, respectively. Secondary production of R. philippinarum was 0.4 kgC/day. Contribution of microphytobenthos to R. philippinarum as food source was 56-76% on the basis of those carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios. Transfer efficiency from microphytobenthos to R. philippinarum was estimated to be 10-14%. It was suggested that microphytobenthos might sustain the high secondary production of R. philippinarum, though the primary production of microphytobenthos was about 1/10 compared to other algae.
LONG-TERM MONITORING OF SEASONAL AND INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY OF HYDROLOGICAL STRUCTURE IN COASTAL ZONE OF THE NORTH-EASTERN BLACK SEA
Authors: Podymov O. , Podymov O. , Kuzevanova N. , Kuzevanova N. , Khvorosch A. , Khvorosch A.
Published: June 2018

The work demonstrates the results of the 6-years complex ship-borne monitoring of coastal zone in the north-eastern part of the Black Sea, carried out by the Southern Branch of P.P.Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, RAS, on a marine cross-section at the Blue Bay (Gelendzhik) beam 1-2 times per month. Climatic changes and eutrophication exert a significant impact on the sea water at the coastal area. In case of the Black Sea these factors pile up with a permanent hydrogen sulphide contamination of the sea water below 80-200 meters depth (depending on the season and distance from the shore). Strong pycno-halocline at the depths from 70 to 160 meters, formed due to the inflow of high salinity water from the Marmara Sea, inhibits the mixing between the water layers and, as a result, also limits the oxygen transport into the deeper layers. The winter cooling reduces the pycno-halocline and enriches the top active layer, down to the cold intermediate layer (CIL), with oxygen and nutrients, which subsequently lead to a vernal phytoplankton bloom. Formation of the thermocline and upper quasi-homogeneous layer (UQL), caused by the water warming in spring, at large extent determines a thickness of phytoplankton-rich layer during the spring and summer seasons. The work demonstrates seasonal and interannual dynamics of the UQL, thermocline, CIL and hydrogen sulphide boundary position in the coastal zone of the north-eastern part of the Black Sea.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF RADON VOLUMETRIC ACTIVITY ABOVE THE SURFACE OF TAMAN PENINSULA
Authors: Podymova Tatiana , Podymova Tatiana , Podymov Igor , Podymov Igor
Published: June 2018

The work is devoted to solving the problem of radon mapping of the Taman peninsula as a problem of interaction between the region’s ecosystems and population. An express method of calculating the radon volumetric activity for decay energy of secondary products designed and implemented. Data of the 3-year's field investigations allowed us to plot the map of distribution of radon volumetric activity in the coastal zone of the Azov and Black seas of the Taman Peninsula, as well as over its surface. Some potentially dangerous territory identified. Average values of radon volumetric activity determined in the zones of tectonic disturbances and for the main territory of the Taman.
CARBONATE DISSOLUTION AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN IN PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA IN THE SEA OF OKHOTSK
Authors: Romanova Alexandra , Romanova Alexandra , Anin Vladimir , Anin Vladimir , Pletnev Sergey , Pletnev Sergey , Tarasova Tatyana , Tarasova Tatyana
Published: June 2018

80 sediment stations collected along the meridian transect across the Sea of Okhotsk were studied in order to reveal patterns of dissolution based on planktonic foraminifera. The degree of calcite dissolution intensity from planktonic foraminifera determined by different indices (degree of fragmentation, presence of susceptible to dissolution species, benthos/ plankton ratio). The highest degree of dissolution evidenced by a large number of shell fragments and corroding walls were found in sediments from the area of the Kuril Islands. The most revealing measure of probable dissolution of foraminiferal shells in the central part of the sea is a low number and lack of thin-walled species. The effects of dissolution on foraminiferal shells were studied for dominated species Neogloboquadrina pachyderma sin and Globigerina bulloides using a scanning electron microscope. The results are important for understanding processes of sedimentation, the paleo-oceanologial reconstructions and for obtaining reliable results in isotope analyzes.
MODELING STORM SURGES AND WAVE CLIMATE IN THE WHITE AND BARENTS SEAS
Authors: Korablina Anastasia , Korablina Anastasia , Arkhipkin Victor , Arkhipkin Victor , Dobrolyubov Sergey , Dobrolyubov Sergey , Myslenkov Stanislav , Myslenkov Stanislav
Published: June 2018

Russian priority - the study of storm surges and wave climate in the Arctic seas due to the active development of offshore oil and gas. Researching the formation of storm surge and wave are necessary for the design and construction of facilities in the coastal zone, as well as for the safety of navigation. An inactive port ensues considerable economic losses. It is important to study the variability of storm surges, wave climate in the past and forecast the future. Consequently, this information would be used for planning the development of the Arctic in accordance with the development programme 2020. Mathematical modeling is used to analyze the characteristics of storm surges and wave climate formation from 1979 to 2010 in the White and Barents Seas. Calculation of storm surge heights in the seas is performed using model AdCirc on an unstructured grid with a 20 km pitch in the Barents Sea and 100 m in the White Sea. The model AdCirc used data of wind field reanalysis CFSv2. The simulation of storm surge was conducted with/without pressure, sea state, tides. A non-linear interaction of the surge and tide during the phase of destruction storm surge was detected. Calculation of the wave climate performed using SWAN spectral wave model on unstructured grids. Spatial resolution is 500 m-5 km for the White Sea and 10-20 km for the Barents Sea. NCEP/CFSR (~0.3°) input wind forcing was used. The storminess of the White Sea tends to increase from 1979 to 1991, and then decrease to minimum at 2000 and increase again till 2010.
LABORATORY STUDIES OF THE OF EDDY FORMATION IN ROTATING AND NON-ROTATING FLUID DUE TO SPATIALLY NON-UNIFORM WIND FORCING
Authors: Elkin Dmitry , Elkin Dmitry , Zatsepin Andrey , Zatsepin Andrey
Published: June 2018

Laboratory investigation of eddy formation mechanism due to spatially non-uniform wind impact was fulfilled. Experiment was provided in a cylindrical and a square form tank filled with homogeneous or stratified fluid and displaced on a rotating platform. In the absence of the platform rotation, an impact of the single air jet lead to the formation of a symmetric vortex dipole structure that occupied the whole water area in the tank. In the presence of the platform rotation, a compact anticyclonic eddy was formed in a part of the dipole with anticyclonic vorticity, while in a part with cyclonic vorticity no any compact eddy was observed. The laboratory results were successfully compared with the field observation results fulfilled in the at the Black Sea coastal zone near Gelendzhik.
IMPACT OF NONYLPHENOL ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF FUNGI FROM THE COASTAL AREA OF THE GULF OF FINLAND
Authors: Kuzikova Irina , Kuzikova Irina , Safronova Vera , Safronova Vera , Medvedeva Nadezda , Medvedeva Nadezda
Published: June 2018

Nonylphenol (NP) is the most abundant environmental estrogen listed as one of the priority hazardous substances in the Water Framework Directive (EC 2000) and the priority pollutant of Baltic Sea (HELCOM 2010). The present study aims to compare the effects of technical nonylphenol (tNP) on the cellulase, amylase and protease activity of the terrestrial fungal strains played a significant role in aquatic ecosystems due to their high adaptive capacity and a large range of functional activity. The study also attempts to understand the mechanisms behind the varying sensitivity of the terrestrial fungi to tNP. The fungal strains were isolated from the bottom sediments of the coastal area of the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland. The terrestrial fungi were identified based on their morphological characteristics and nucleotide sequence analysis of internal transcribed space region. One reason for significant differences in sensitivity to the toxicant studied among the fungi is the change in the fungal cell permeability, in particular in cell membrane permeability, induced by NP. Environmentally relevant concentrations of tNP cause significant changes in activity of hydrolytic enzymes in the terrestrial fungi Aspergillus tubingensis, Penicillium expansum, Penicillium glabrum, and Cadophora fastigiata involved in organic matter degradation in bottom sediments. There can be increasing or decreasing trend, depending on both the type of enzyme and the tNP concentration. The revealed changes may disrupt the destructive processes in bottom sediments, as well as succession and stability of microbial communities functioning in the aquatic environment. It was found that tNP contributes to the activation of proteolytic enzymes, considered as potential fungal virulence factors. This may lead to emergence fungal strains with enhanced virulence in aquatic microbiocenoses. The investigations of the physiological responses of terrestrial fungi under nonylphenol will be important for biochemical processes dynamics and their environmental consequences evaluation.
DEVELOPMENT OF A NEMO BASED OPERATIONAL SYSTEM FOR THE GULF OF FINLAND AND THE KALININGRAD SHELF
Authors: Vankevich Roman , Vankevich Roman , Sofina Ekaterina , Sofina Ekaterina , Eremina Tatjana , Eremina Tatjana , Molchanov Mikhail , Molchanov Mikhail , Ryabchenko Vladimir , Ryabchenko Vladimir , Isaev Aleksey , Isaev Aleksey
Published: June 2018

This study is aimed at developing of an operational oceanographic system for the Russian sector in the Gulf of Finland and South-Eastern part of the Baltic Sea for operational forecast of hydrodynamic and ecosystem parameters on the basis of high and ultra-high spatial resolution models. The system is presented as a complex of regional and local models; for which a coupled modeling integration at boundary conditions exchange is fulfilled. The models share common mathematical formulation of general motion equations and a unified realization on the basis of programme code modeling modules designed for the ocean modeling – NEMO. The regional model of the Baltic Sea circulation is complemented by a module for the inert matter transport simulation. The latter is set up on the basis of a matter turbulent diffusion model with the use of two consistent equation systems: deterministic and stochastic. The designed operational system consists of two subsystems: operational oceanographic system of the coastal areas of the Baltic Sea and an expert-analytical system of operational monitoring of the aquatic environment and effective response to accidents at sea.
FEATURES OF WIND FIELD OVER THE SEA SURFACE IN THE COASTAL AREA BASED ON SAR OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Monzikova Anna , Monzikova Anna , Kudryavtsev Vladimir Vladimir , Kudryavtsev Vladimir Vladimir , Myasoedov Alexander , Myasoedov Alexander , Zilitinkevich Sergej , Zilitinkevich Sergej
Published: June 2018

“Wind-shadowing” effects in the Gulf of Finland coastal zone are analyzed using high resolution Envisat Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) measurements and model simulations. These effects are related to the internal boundary layer (IBL) development due to abrupt change the surface roughness at the sea-land boundary. Inside the "shadow" areas the airflow accelerates and the surface wind stress increases with the fetch. Such features can be revealed in SAR images as dark areas adjacent to the coastal line. Quantitative description of these effects is important for offshore wind energy resource assessment. It is found that the surface wind stress scaled by its equilibrium value (far from the coast) is universal functions of the dimensionless fetch Xf/G. Wind stress reaches an equilibrium value at the distance Xf/G of about 0.4.
MONITORING OF COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS BY METHOD OF REMOTE SENSING IN THE SHORT-WAVE RANGE OF RADIO WAVES
Authors: Belov Sergej , Belov Sergej , Belova Ija , Belova Ija , Falomeev Stepan , Falomeev Stepan
Published: June 2018

A new method for estimating the parameter noncoherent signal/noise K of ionospheric signal is offered. A comparative analysis is carrying out. This new method exceeds an order of magnitude widely used standard one by analytical (relative) accuracy of determining a parameter K. It has the same order as the well-known coherent methodology.
FIRST CASE OF IMPOSEX IN NEPTUNEA CONVEXA (GASTROPODA: BUCCINIDAE) FROM BATHYAL DEPTHS (SEA OF OKHOTSK, >1400 M)
Authors: Kosyan Alisa , Kosyan Alisa , Gulbin Vladimir , Gulbin Vladimir
Published: June 2018

Owing to its worldwide use as an anti-fouling agent, tributyltin (TBT) is a common contaminant of marine ecosystems. Its wide distribution, high hydrophobicity and persistence have raised concern about bioaccumulation, potential biomagnifications in food webs, and adverse effects on the environment and human health. The most frequent and acute effect of TBT is found in gastropods, usually living in shallow waters, rarely at depths more than 100 m. This study reports about the first case of imposex in a deep water buccinid whelk Neptunea convexa collected at 1437 m in the Sea of Okhotsk. Among five collected specimens, the two were imposex females at the 1st stage of imposex development, while the rest three were males with normally developed penises. Most probably, TBT entered the whelk’s body by eaten benthic organisms, which feed on detritus with traces of TBT, but other reasons, such as heavy metal pollution, are also discussed.
microplastics, numerical modelling, the Baltic Sea, anthropogenic pollution
Authors: Bagaev Andrei , Bagaev Andrei , Chubarenko Irina , Chubarenko Irina
Published: June 2018

An overview of modern approaches to the problem of parametrisation of sources of marine waters microplastics pollution from the coastline is conducted. The estimates of Europe’s plastic production along with mismanaged plastic waste percentage that might be the source of microplastics particles input to marine environment are presented. A semi-empirical for-mulation for the particles source intensity is suggested. It considers the main factors of local anthropogenic pressure for the coastal spot location for the given coordinates. Both ad-vantages and disadvantages of such an approach along with possible ways for improvement are discussed.
CONCENTRATION OF HEAVY METALS AND OIL PRODUCTS IN THE SEABED SEDIMENTS OFF THE COAST OF THE CURONIAN SPIT (THE SOUTHEASTERN PART OF THE BALTIC SEA)
Authors: Krek Alexander , Krek Alexander
Published: June 2018

During spring and summer (2014) environmental investigations of the sea coastal zone, conducted in the frameworks of the Baltberegozaschita (Kaliningrad) program, determinations of content of heavy metals and oil products in the bottom sediments along the shore of the northern coast of the Kaliningrad Region were performed. The highest values of their contents were found in the middle part of the Curonian Spit (near the border with Lithuania). According to Swedish classification WGMS 2003-SSQC these values correspond to the highest 4 and 5 Classes of Contamination. At the Curonian Spit, which is a protected area, unknown any significant sources of anthropogenic pollution. Supposedly, the origin of the detected anomaly is connected with influence of along shore bed load, directed from abrasive coast of the Sambia Peninsula along the Curonian Spit, to its middle part, where accumulation of sedimentary material is dominated. The shore of the Sambia Peninsula is much more populated and used for recreational purposes, and can therefore be considered as a possible source of contamination.
MORPHODYNAMICS OF THE BAKALSKAYA SPIT OF THE BLACK SEA
Authors: Fomin Vladimir , Fomin Vladimir , Kharitonova Ludmila , Kharitonova Ludmila , Alekseev Dmitrii , Alekseev Dmitrii , Ivancha Elena , Ivancha Elena
Published: June 2018

Studies of shape dynamics of the Bakalskaya Spit based on observation and numerical simulation are carries out. The Bakalskaya Spit is a dynamically active sand formation on the north-west coast of the Crimea Peninsula. Field observations and satellite image analyses showed that the erosion of spit west coast, eastward displacement of spit distal part and separation of distal part from the spit main part are the most significant processes. After the autumn storms in 2010 the isthmus between the distal part of spit and its main part was eroded and had not recovered till now. So the distal part of the Bakalskaya Spit turned into island. Dynamic of sediments depends on wind wave parameters and sea level oscillations. Effect of changing of wind wave direction and storm surge height on erosion and deposition processes in the Bakalskaya Spit region of the Black Sea is studied by using of XBeach numerical model. Dependencies of location and space dimension of erosion and deposition areas of sediments on characteristics of waves and surges are obtained. It is found that the most intensive erosion of spit isthmus occurs in case of wave running from the west in comparison of cases of wave running from the south-west and north-west if there are no surges. Presence of surges may results in increasing or decreasing of erosion process intensiveness depending on wave direction.
VARIABILITY OF THE SUSPENDED SEDIMENT DYNAMICS UNDER IRREGULAR WAVES
Authors: Косян Рубен , Kosyan Ruben , Divinsky Boris , Divinsky Boris
Published: June 2018

The main objective of this paper is an analysis of the impact of the frequency distribution of wave energy on the dynamics of bottom sediment suspension as well as a study of the features of bottom sediments suspension during the passage of waves groups of varying shape and intensity. It is shown that the concentration of wave energy in the primary spectral peak promotes redistribution vertically suspended solids. Laws of suspension within the group are largely determined by the parameters of bottom roughness and the presence (absence) of ripples.
MONITORING THE DYNAMICS OF THERMOABRASION COASTS AT KHARASAVEY AREA, WESTERN YAMAL (KARA SEA)
Authors: Kuznetsov Dmitry , Kuznetsov Dmitry , Kamalov Anatoliy , Kamalov Anatoliy , Belova Nataliya , Belova Nataliya , Shabanova Nataliya , Shabanova Nataliya , Ogorodov Stanislav , Ogorodov Stanislav
Published: June 2018

The dynamics of thermoabrasion coasts on loose sediments under permafrost conditions are highly variable due to several factors: length of the dynamic period of the year, mechanic composition of the frozen ground and its ice content, hydrometeorological conditions, and human impact. Multiannual monitoring of the coastal zone was carried out by Lab. Geoecology of the North (Moscow State University) at the 22 km long Kharasavey deposit site, Western Coast of Yamal Peninsula (Kara Sea). The methods include direct measurements and observations (repeated topographic survey of shore transects from 1981 to 2012) along with remote sensing data analysis (images from 1964 to 2011). This allowed producing detailed characteristics of coastal dynamics. At the site, thermoabrasion coasts occupy the most part, and accumulative coasts are present in the north. Data on natural relief forming factors and ground composition are included in the detailed geomorphologic map of the site. Shore retreat rate shows correlation to amounts of wind-wave energy and to specific wind directions. Human impact on the coast includes dredging at the port channel, mining of sand, driving motor vehicles, and deposition of construction debris. Relations between shore retreat rate and aforementioned factors were studied, including dependencies on ice content, and shore segmentation was carried out. This allows for coastal dynamics forecasts in the region.
PHYSICAL INTERPRETATION OF WAVE BREAKING CRITERIA
Authors: Kuznetsov Sergey , Kuznetsov Sergey , Saprykina Yana , Saprykina Yana , Divinskiy Boris , Divinskiy Boris
Published: June 2018

On the base of experimental data it was revealed that type of wave breaking depends on wave asymmetry against the vertical axis at wave breaking point. The asymmetry of waves is defined by spectral structure of waves: by the ratio between amplitudes of first and second nonlinear harmonics and by phase shift between them. The relative position of nonlinear harmonics is defined by a stage of nonlinear wave transformation and the direction of energy transfer between the first and second harmonics. The value of amplitude of the second nonlinear harmonic in comparing with first harmonic is significantly more in waves, breaking by spilling type, than in waves breaking by plunging type. The waves, breaking by plunging type, have the crest of second harmonic shifted forward to one of the first harmonic, so the waves have "saw-tooth" shape asymmetrical to vertical axis. In the waves, breaking by spilling type, the crests of harmonic coincides and these waves are symmetric against the vertical axis. It was found that limit height of breaking waves in empirical criteria depends on type of wave breaking, spectral peak period and a relation between wave energy of main and second nonlinear wave harmonics. It also depends on surf similarity parameter defining conditions of nonlinear wave transformations above inclined bottom.
EVOLUTION OF SANDY BEACH IN THE CITY OF VARNA
Authors: Veliko Z Dachev , Veliko Z Dachev
Published: June 2018

The article represents a retrospective review of long time research of genesis and development of the Central beach in the City of Varna which makes possible a forecast of its further development. Both natural and anthropogenic impact on the beach evolution is taken into consideration. It is ascertained that construction of coastal protection structures at the northern part of the beach in 80’s resulted in cessation of natural beach area growth. The strengthen of a breakwater in the main port and illegal building also contributed to considerable coast recession and beach volume reducing. Because of this a recreational potential of the Central beach is gradually decreasing. New method named “cross-shore sediment bypassing” is suggested to reduce the negative trend.
IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE AS A MODEL OF SATO UMI TO IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY WITHIN COASTAL AREA OF INDONESIA
Authors: Sachoemar Suhendar I , Sachoemar Suhendar I , Yanagi Tetsuo , Yanagi Tetsuo , Makino Mitsutaku , Makino Mitsutaku , Morimoto Akihiko , Morimoto Akihiko , Aliah Ratu Siti , Aliah Ratu Siti
Published: June 2018

The development of sustainable model of aquaculture by applying Sato Umi concept within coastal area of Indonesia has expanded from the center of first experiment in the northern coastal area of west Java to central Java (western Indonesia) and Bantaeng in the South Sulawesi of central Indonesia. The similar program has also been proposed for Maluku Province in the eastern part of Indonesia. In the next 5 years, Indonesia is developing the Techno Parks Program in some areas, in which aquaculture and fisheries activities development on the base of Sato Umi concept in the coastal area are involves in this program. The development of Techno Parks are directed as a center application of technology to stimulate the economy in the regency, and a place of training, apprenticeship, technology dissemination center, and center business advocacy for the public. Hopely, Sato Umi concept that has a similar spirit with Techno Park can be applied to support the implementation of Techno Park program in Indonesia
INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR DECISION SUPPORT IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT WITHIN COASTAL SYSTEMS OF RUSSIAN NORTHERN SEAS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT NATURAL RISKS AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
Authors: Abramov Valery , Abramov Valery , Schmullius Christiane , Schmullius Christiane , Urban Marcel , Urban Marcel , Belbeoch Mathieu , Belbeoch Mathieu , Istomin Eugene , Istomin Eugene , Попов Николай , Popov Nikolay , Bachiev Ruslan , Bachiev Ruslan , Popova Alice , Popova Alice , Malakhova Julia , Malakhova Julia , Berboushi Stanislav , Berboushi Stanislav
Published: June 2018

Socio-economic development within coastal systems of the Russian Northern seas is an important component of the Strategy for development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) till 2020 (here and after AS-2020). When implementing AS-2020 important aspect is the management of natural risks. The planning horizon of AS-2020 requires the development of measures to adapt to climate change. Management of natural risks and adaptation to climate change require the development of innovative technologies for decision support based on the principles of geo-information management for spatial areas including marine planning. We present the results of research on the development of such technologies over the last years in the Arctic and Subarctic Institute at the Russian State Hydrometeorological University (ASI RSHU). During research we widely use the instruments of international cooperation. Platform https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Valery_Abramov2/?ev=hdr_xprf gave excellent opportunities to preliminary discussion and data exchange in the frame of this research. The Ministry of education and science of Russia provides financial support for this research with the state order 2525.2014/166.
THE APPROACHES TO THE SOLVING ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ON THE SHELF OF THE ARCTIC SEAS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Krivichev Alexander , Krivichev Alexander
Published: June 2018

Russian Arctic shelf - rich larder of the hydrocarbons, at the same time Northern Sea Route (NSR) - a strategically important route for transporting them. The extraction and the transportation of the hydrocarbons along the NSR requires the solution of a number of ecological and economic problems in the first place to ensure environmental and technogenic safety. For the solving of these problems on the continental shelf it is required a system of comprehensive measures: - the development of the regulatory framework for environmental support oil and gas projects; - the introduction and use of integrated methods for monitoring environmental conditions at the sites of technogenic loads on the shelf of the Arctic seas, including the use of drones; - creating different models for assessing the marginal stability of ecosystems to technogenic loads during production and transportation of hydrocarbons on the continental shelf based on systems of dynamic simulations; - the development and use of sensitivity maps of coastal areas of the Arctic seas during oil spill response; - accounting of the results of the analysis of the total environmental benefit in the development of oil spill response plans; - application of the principle of "zero" resetting, due to the high fishery valuation in Barents and Kara seas and the conservation of marine biological resources.
IDENTIFICATION AND PRIORITIZATION OF HOT SPOTS IN MANAGING RISKS TO BLACK SEA COASTAL REGIONS
Authors: Velikova Violeta , Velikova Violeta , Kresin Vladimir , Kresin Vladimir , Brook Vladimir , Brook Vladimir , Yakovleva Natalia , Yakovleva Natalia , Avaz Gulsen , Avaz Gulsen , Alecu Georgeta , Alecu Georgeta , Voina Andreea , Voina Andreea , Devidze Manana , Devidze Manana , Velikova Velichka , Velikova Velichka , Nikolova Marineta , Nikolova Marineta , Godin Eugeny , Godin Eugeny
Published: June 2018

In implementation of the Bucharest Convention (http://www.blacksea-commission.org/), the first regional List of Black Sea (BS) Hot Spots (HSs) has been prepared in 1996. It included municipal and industrial sources of pollution located in the BS coastal zone. Since then, the regional HSs List has not substantially changed, although a few non-harmonised revisions have been undertaken at national levels. The non-harmonization occurred due to the lack of an agreed regional methodology, which would clearly specify the term ‘hot spot’ and give criteria for HSs identification and ranking in support of decision-making in BS protection. Recognising this gap in the knowledge-based management of BS land-based sources of pollution (LBSs), in 2015we developed such a methodology and undertook revision of the regional BS HSs List. To automate the HSs Methodology application we developed a unique BS LBSs Database and a HSs software. This paper presents our approach to hot spots evaluation, which is applicable to any other sea. Results of identification and prioritization of BS HSs are discussed in view of their crucial role in managing risks to coastal regions and in investment planning aimed at reduction of BS pollution.