bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term outcome following three-level stand-alone anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: Is plating necessary?
Authors: Theologou Marios , Theologou Theologos , Skoulios Nikolaos , Mitka Maria , Karanikolas Nikolaos , Theologou Antriana , Georgiou Eleftheria , Matejic Slavisa , Tsonidis Christos
Published: September 2020

Background: Anterior cervical discectomy with fusion (ACDF) is a proven method for the treatment of selected patients. The necessity of use of an anterior plate is controversial. The article aims to assess the fusion rates (FRs) and long-term outcomes following three-level ACDF. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from the medical records of patients operated on due to degenerative cervical disease. All patients were treated with three-level ACDF employing polyether ether-ketone cages without anterior plating. Visual analog scale (VAS), neck disability index (NDI), and plain radiographs were used in the clinical and radiological postsurgery assessment. Fusion evaluation was performed according to the <1 mm motion between spinous processes rule. Subsidence was defined as a more than 2 mm decrease in the interbody height. Results: A total of 234 treated levels on 78 patients were assessed. The mean presurgery NDI score was 23.07 ± 4.86, with a mean disability of 46.03% ± 9.64. The mean presurgery VAS score of the neck was 7.58 ± 0.85, while VAS score of the arm was 7.75 ± 1.008. Post surgery, NDI stated no disability, while VAS score of the neck and arm showed no presence of pain. The mean FR was 19.50 ± 21.71 levels per month, with a peak from 3rd to 6th month. Presurgery evaluation showed 12 (15.38%) patients with a high T2 sequence signal. Magnetic resonance imaging screening detected 31 (39.24%) patients with coexisting cervical and lumbar findings. Post surgery, transient dysphagia was reported by 1 patient (1.28%), while subsidence was registered in 15 (6.41%) levels, situated in 12 patients (15.38%), most often at C6-7 (66.6%). Clinical and radiological follow-up extended to 69.47 ± 11.45 months. Conclusion: Multilevel stand-alone ACDF is a safe, cost-effective procedure providing favorable clinical and radiological results with minimal complications. The incidence of subsidence is usually clinically insignificant and can be decreased with a careful surgical technique.
Primary multiple intracranial extradural hydatid cysts: A rare entity revisited
Authors: Kharosekar Hrushikesh , Bhide Anuj , Rathi Santosh , Sawardekar Veena
Published: September 2020

Human hydatid disease is caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Central nervous system (CNS) echinococcosis is rare with less than 4% of cases of hydatid disease have CNS involvement. intracranial extradural hydatid cysts are rare and less than 11 case have been reported in literature. primary intracranial extradural multiple hydatid cysts are not reported as per our knowledge so we report probably the first case.
Incidence and outcome analysis of vertebral artery injury in posttraumatic cervical spine
Authors: Rathod Tushar , Garje Vinayak , Marathe Nandan , Mohanty Shubranshu , Shende Chetan , Jogani Abhinav , Srivastava Abhinav
Published: September 2020

Objective: Vertebral artery injury (VAI) after cervical spine trauma often remains undiagnosed. Despite various clinical studies suggesting simultaneous occurrence of VAI with cervical spine trauma, guidelines regarding screening and management of posttraumatic VAI are yet to be formulated. The primary objective of the current study was to formulate a low-cost screening protocol for posttraumatic VAI, thereby reducing the incidence of missed VAI in developing countries. Materials and Methods: This was a single-center prospective study performed on 61 patients using plain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a screening tool to assess the frequency of VAI and routine X-ray to detect morphological fracture patterns associated with the VAI in posttraumatic cervical spine cases. If the MRI study showed any evidence of vascular disruption, then further investigation in the form of computed tomography angiography was done to confirm the diagnosis. Results: This study showed the incidence of VAI was 14.75% (9/61). Of 61 patients, 16 had supraaxial, and 45 patients sustained subaxial cervical spine fractures. In the cohort of nine cases of VAI, eight patients had subaxial cervical spine injuries, of which seven were due to flexion-distraction injury. C5–C6 flexion-distraction injury was most commonly associated with VAI (4 cases). Of the nine cases, five succumbed to injury (mortality 55.55%), and 19 patients from the non-VAI group succumbed to injury (mortality 36.53%). From surviving four cases with VAI, two had improvement in the American Spinal Injury Association scale by Grade 1. Conclusion: VAI in cervical spine trauma is an underrecognized phenomenon. Plain MRI axial imaging sequence can be an instrumental low-cost screening tool in resource-deficient parts of the world. VAI has tendency to occur with high-velocity trauma like bi-facetal dislocation, which has a high mortality and poor neurological recovery.
Outcome analysis of anterior reconstruction with rib grafts in tuberculosis of the thoracic spine
Authors: Srivastava Sudhir , Marathe Nandan , Bhosale Sunil , Raj Aditya , Purohit Shaligram , Shaikh Ashraf , Dhole Kiran
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Tricortical iliac bone is the gold standard as an autograft for the reconstruction of the anterior column in tuberculosis (TB) of the thoracic spine. However, the quantity of graft needed is significant. It creates a considerable defect in the pelvic bone, causing graft site complications, including pain, pelvic instability, fractured ilium, herniated muscle, or abdominal contents. To prevent these donor site morbidities, ribs that were removed during the versatile approach were used for anterior reconstruction. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and radiological results of the reconstruction of the anterior column of the spine with the help of an excised rib during the versatile approach. Subjects and Methods: This retrospective study was undertaken at a tertiary care center with a study duration of 14 years. Between January 2004 and December 2016, 52 patients with thoracic Koch's spine had anterior column reconstructed with multiple rib grafts. A single surgeon performed all operations. Indications for the surgery in these patients were the presence of neurologic deficit (49 patients) and vertebral column instability (3 patients). The preoperative kyphosis angle and visual analog scale (VAS) score were compared with postoperative values using a paired t-test. Results: All patients underwent a minimum follow-up of 18 months and were evaluated clinicoradiologically. Good bony fusion with neurological recovery was achieved in all cases. The VAS score for back pain improved significantly postsurgery. There was one case of graft buckling treated conservatively. Discussion: Appropriate anterior reconstruction forms the cornerstone of successful surgical management of spinal TB. The “Versatile approach” used offers anterior and posterior access in the lateral position. In these patients, we obviated the need for iliac crest graft using multiple segments of the rib for anterior column reconstruction. This meticulous rib grafting technique gives good functional outcome in terms of solid bony fusion. Conclusion: Meticulous rib grafting technique gives 360° bony fusion and good functional outcome in surgery for thoracic spinal TB. It has the advantage of avoiding the complications associated with a tricortical iliac crest graft.
Climate Change-Induced Migration:
Authors: Bushesha Magreth S.
Published: September 2020

This paper examines processes that make migration possible among climate change affected communities in Shinyanga Rural District of Shinyanga region, Tanzania. Questionnaires and in-depth interviews were used to gather data. Whereas qualitative data was analyzed thematically, numerical data was analyzed descriptively. Findings show that short term migration, plays an important role in soliciting resources necessary for permanent migration. Further, climate change-induced migration in the study area involves the realization that the eco-system is no longer livelihood supportive.  The migration process also involves identification of opportunities in destination prior to moving out from the original home. Finally, migrants need to solicit resources to cater for en route costs and for investing in destination. The study concludes that climate change impacts ignite the desire to migrate. However, for migration to happen there are multiple facets that need to be addressed. The study recommends improved access to information about opportunities available elsewhere for people in climate change affected areas.
Phénomènes de dépendance à l’environnement et conformisme social : intérêts d’une approche interactionniste en neuropsychologie clinique
Authors: Besnar Jeremy , Pallone Morgane , Aubin Ghislaine , Ferracci Laëtitia , Racineux Caroline , Allain Philippe
Published: September 2020

Nous décrivons le cas d’un patient victime d’un traumatisme crânien, responsable de lésions frontales et temporales bilatérales. Ce patient présentait des troubles exécutifs ainsi que des perturbations comportementales, principalement sous forme d’une dépendance à l’environnement. L’objectif de la présente étude était double. D’une part, nous souhaitions évaluer la pertinence d’une interprétation socio-cognitive de la dépendance à l’environnement, au moyen d’un dispositif évaluant le conformisme social, impliquant des situations d’interaction réelle et virtuelle. D’autre part, nous souhaitions étudier l’influence du type de situation sur le conformisme social, de rares études démontrant des différences de performances selon le type d’évaluation (réel ou virtuel). Les résultats démontrent des dissociations de performance en fonction du mode d’évaluation. Le conformisme n’est constaté que lors de l’évaluation en environnement réel. L’intérêt de l’approche interactionniste pour la mise en évidence de troubles socio-comportementaux et le bénéfice des environnements virtuels pour l’évaluation neuropsychologique sont discutés.
Open Skies Agreement and Code Sharing: What will be The Legal Impact?
Authors: BOZKURT Banu , ALHAN Yunus
Published: September 2020

Airline carriage has became a more preferred way of transportation day by day. That is why the airline companies, regarding on one hand to develop their flight network and realize more profits on the other, started to cooperate with each other. Such cooperation was intensified with code sharing practice. Although code sharing seems good practice for airline companies, there is a reality that it  has some difficulties problematic issues besides its advantages. In our study we will examine code sharing and Open State Agreement’ specialties in consideration of air carrier’s civil responsibility.  We will analyze the possible legal problem that may be concluded from the code-sharing in conjunction with the OSA. In other words, we will examine the problems that occur when these two terms conflicts.
Moving from Face-to-Face to Remote Instruction in a Higher Education Institution during a Pandemic: Multiple Case Studies
Authors: Ghazi-Saidi Ladan , Criffield Aliisa , Kracl Carrie L. , McKelvey Miechelle , Obasi Sharon N. , Vu Phu
Published: September 2020

In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, our institution, like others in higher education, suspended face- to-face classes and offered remote learning as an alternative.  We report five cases of undergraduate and graduate courses that transitioned from a face-to-face to a remote mode. Each case will provide a detailed description of how the course was moved to an online mode, how the course was managed, the instructors’ previous experience in online teaching, their self-reflection on the process of transitioning to remote learning and their recommendations for a more successful experience in a similar potential scenario in the future.  Further, we report the students’ perspectives based on their responses to an online survey.  The combined results of the cases reported in this study reflect the resilience on both sides. A sudden shutdown of the university along with disease- related fears caused anxiety both for the students and instructors regardless of previous experience in online education. However, having online material pre-pandemic, possessing the technical skills, and previous online teaching or learning experience as well as having the infrastructure in place, facilitated the smooth navigation of the courses. The mode of delivery of the course (synchronous, asynchronous or blended) did not have an effect on students’ satisfaction.
Philodendron Schott (Araceae Juss.) no distrito do Carvão, Mazagão, Amapá, Brasil
Authors: Rodrigues Plúcia Franciane Ataide , Facundes Alessandra Dos Santos , Pereira Luciano Araujo
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo objetivou caracterizar e identificar as espécies de Philodendron Schott (Araceae) ocorrentes no distrito do Carvão, Mazagão, Amapá. São apresentadas descrições das espécies coletadas, seu tratamento taxonômico, ilustrações, comentários, bem como foi elaborada uma chave para identificar as espécies ocorrentes na área e os dados sobre a distribuição geográfica. Foram registradas cinco espécies na região, sendo elas: Philodendron brevispathum Schott, P. linnaei Kunth, P. pedatum (Hook.) Kunth, P. pulchellum Engl. e P. acutatum Schott. Os táxons coletados apresentam grande variedade morfológica e marcante heteroblastia.
Analysis of the Benefits of Infrastructure Development in Lakatan Village, Galang Sub District Tolitoli District in Year 2017 - 2019
Authors: Ramlawati  , Hilmi
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the benefits of infrastructure development in Lakatan village, Galang sub district Tolitoli district, which is sourced from village funds from 2017-2019. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach to the type of data reduction research. This research was conducted to look at the benefits of infrastructure development in terms of economic, education, health and sosial cultural benefits for village in Lakatan. Data obtained from interviews, observations and documentation. The data is analyzed means of preparation and processing of data and drawing conclusions. The results of this study show : the benefits of infrastructure development are very beneficial to improve the economy of rural communities.
The Representatives of Women and Affirmation Action in The 2019 Legislative Election of Indonesia
Authors: Rasyidin  , Aruni Fidhia
Published: September 2020

This study aims to deeply see the representation of women in politics in the 2019 general election in Indonesia because women's participation in politics was still very limited. Based on this phenomenon, the Indonesian government has made Affirmative Action as a foundation for women in politics. The results showed that Affirmative Action could not yet be realized and the involvement of women in representative institutions at least 30% have not been fulfilled under affirmative action. From all the political contestants, only the Partai Nasional Demokrat has fulfilled the quota. The findings of this study indicated that patriarchal culture was still an obstacle to women's representation in Indonesian Representative institutions in addition to the Shari'a and other cultures.
Improving The Object Of Fiduciary Guarantee According To Law Number 42 Of 1999 On Fiduciary Guarantee
Authors: Yani Kosali Ahmad
Published: September 2020

Fiduciary is the transfer of ownership rights of an object based on trust, where ownership right of the object is transferred remains under the control of the owner of the object. The subject of the research was how to bind the object of fiduciary guarantee according to Law Number 42 of 1999 on fiduciary? What are the consequences if the binding of fiduciary guarantee object is unfulfilled? This research was normative legal research which means that the objects are secondary data on library. The type of the research was descriptive. It can be concluded that the binding of fiduciary guarantee object according to Law Number 42 of 1999 on fiduciary guarantee is certificate of fiduciary guarantee as an evidence which is an authentic deed. It can be seen from the characteristics of certificate fiduciary guarantee, issued by an authorized official or public official who has authority for issuing certificate fiduciary guarantee in Fiduciary Registration Office under the supervision of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights. The consequences (the binding of fiduciary guarantee object is unfulfilled) are the default causes several legal consequences for debtors and creditors, especially for creditors who must loss. While for debtors, the legal consequence is the existence of a new status for which the debtor must responsible of. Fiduciary guarantee, mostly in form of movable objects, allows for a transfer of fiduciary guarantee; one example of the reason for the transfer is the debtor wants to transfer his credit to another creditor to seek for lower interest. Then, if a debtor has paid off the debt, it can cause the fiduciary guarantee to be canceled.
GTA: EDUKASI LALU LINTAS BERBASIS APLIKASI
Authors: Muhammad Adib Alfathin  , Maryana  , Yulleila
Published: September 2020

Kecelakaan lalu lintas pada umumnya terjadi karena kelalaian manusia atau pengendara. Hal ini terjadi karena kurangnya pengetahuan pengendara mengenai peraturan lalu lintas. Oleh karenanya diperlukan pengetahuan lalu lintas sejak dini. Di era digital ini, untuk memberikan pengetahuan mengenai peraturan lalu lintas dapat menggunakan aplikasi/game. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perencanaan game GTA: Good Traffic Attitude sebagai sarana pengenalan tata tertib dan peraturan serta perilaku dalam berlalu lintas untuk anak-anak dan remaja serta dampaknya. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan Research and Development (R&D) untuk penelitian yang dan perancangan hasil penelitian yang menghasilkan sebuah rancangan aplikasi/game. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model pengembangan. Model pengembangan ini menggunakan lima tahapan yaitu: 1) Analisa kebutuhan, 2) Desain, 3) Analisa perancangan, 4) Metode pengembangan, 5) Metode implementasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan perancangan game edukasi Good Traffic Attitude dapat dikembangkan dan dapat menjadi sarana edukasi pengenalan tata tertib, peraturan dan perilaku dalam berlalu lintas. Perancangan game GTA diharapkan bisa menjadi bahan ide guna pengembangan game selanjutnya. Game GTA berdampak pada: 1) Pengetahuan terhadap tata tertib, peraturan dan perilaku dalam berlalu lintas, 2) Menciptakan keselamatan dalam berkendara dan berlalu lintas, 3) Menciptakan kondisi lalu lintas yang aman, nyaman dan tertib, 4) Mewujudkan Indonesia Zero Accident. Rencana pengembangan tindak lanjut game GTA dilaksanakan melalui 3 tahapan, yaitu: 1) Produksi Game, 2) Penyebaran (Distribusi) Game, 3) Launching dan Seminar Game.
Actitudes docentes de profesores de educación básica ante la integración de las TIC en la región indígena Tsotsil de los Altos de Chiapas.
Authors: Avendaño Porras Víctor Del Carmen
Published: September 2020

El presente artículo se centra en el estudio de las actitudes que tienen los docentes de la región indígena tsotsil de los Altos de Chiapas ante la inclusión de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) en los salones de clase del nivel básico. Se realizó un estudio exploratorio que permitió recuperar diversos datos, mediante la aplicación de una escala de actitudes de tipo Likert, a una muestra determinada. Los resultados aportan información relativa al cambio actitudinal de los docentes frente al uso de las TIC en el contexto educativo, lo cual permite establecer nuevos métodos para adaptar los contenidos y la metodología en este sentido.

Palabras clave

Actitud del docente, educación básica, TIC.

Abstract

 

This article focuses on the study of the attitudes of teachers in the Tsotsil indigenous region of the Highlands of Chiapas to the inclusion of information and communication Technologies (ICT) in the classrooms of the basic level. An exploratory study Was carried out that allowed to recover diverse data, by means of the application of a scale of attitudes of type Likert, to a given sample. The results provide information regarding the attitudinal change of the teachers against the use of ICTS in the educational context, which allows to establish new methods to adapt the contents and methodology in this regard.

Keywords

Attitude of the teacher, basic education, ICT.
PERANAN GURU PKn TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER SISWA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN SIKAP NASIONALISME SISWA SMA NEGERI 1 PETIR KELAS XI IPS 2 KABUPATEN SERANG
Authors: Prianti E Nita , Aulawi Anton , Khadijah Siti
Published: September 2020

This research is aimed to investigate (1) role of Civics Education teachers in building students’ character through nationalism attitude. The research results show that the teachers’ role is highly needed because they are role models to make the students’ behavior and character better and beneficial in terms of life, so that students of SMA 1 Petir can improve their character of nationalism. (2) factors which influence the building of nationalism character (3) the teachers’ effort toward the students’ character building. Based on the results of the research, in their way to solve the problem, the teachers use PAIKEM method, where the learning teaches active, innovative, creative, and fun learning. The research method used in this study is descriptive analysis research with a qualitative approach. The source of data in this qualitative research is gotten by digging information /explanation directly from sources of information that are considered to be related to the building of students’ characters in XI IPS 2 of SMA 1 Petir. As for the informants, this research gets Civics Education teachers and students of SMA 1 Petir. Data collection techniques used by the researchers in this research are interviews, observations, and documentation. In addition, the data analysis technics used by the researchers in this qualitative research are data reduction, display, and verification.
PERAN KYAI SEBAGAI PEMIMPIN INFORMAL DALAM PERUBAHAN SOSIAL MASYARAKAT DESA PEMATANG KECAMATAN KRAGILAN KABUPATEN SERANG
Authors: Sa’adiyyah Ade Millatus , Kusuma Ibnu Wijaya
Published: September 2020

This research is titled The Role of Kyai as Informal Leader in Social Change in Pematang Village Community, Kragilan District, Serang Regency which is based on the social changes in the village community amid the community that is indeed associated with the existence of an informal leader. The purpose of this study is to find out how the role played by the kyai figure as an informal leader can play a role in the social change of the village community. The research method used is descriptive analysis research with a qualitative approach, the data source in this study can be processed by extracting information/information directly from information sources that are considered to be related to this research. The results of this study can find out how the role played by Kyai as an informal leader in social change in rural communities which certainly can be proven from the results of research achievements. The conclusion of this study is the figure of Kyai as an informal leader who is in the middle
Platão e as crianças com deficiência
Authors: Mendonça Ana Abadia Dos Santos
Published: September 2020

Este estudo propõe uma reflexão sobre a deficiência na era Platão. Associa-se ao preconceito e suas consequências na sociedade vigente: como era o extermínio das pessoas com deficiência, principalmente crianças, segundo os apontamentos de Platão e os motivos pelos quais o infanticídio acontecia, as várias explicações para tal atitude e a aceitação de tal acontecimento pelos pais das crianças. Foram utilizados textos diversos numa discussão com os textos de Platão no propósito de identificar como era a cultura de época em que não tinha a pessoa com deficiência um ser humano e cidadão como todas as outras. O extermínio de pessoas deficientes era praticado sem a violação de lei alguma e até com o aval da igreja. A exclusão como consequência dos atos praticados na época e que perpetua até hoje através de outras formas de extermínio, como o preconceito e não aceitação destes indivíduos na escola, no trabalho e na sociedade em geral.
CONTROLE DE ESTOQUE PELO MÉTODO DE CURVA ABC
Authors: Ruchel Mateus Lucas , Di Domenico Daniela , Zuanazzi Jeancarlo , Schuster Herivelton Antonio
Published: September 2020

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar como ocorre o controle de estoque, utilizando o método de curva ABC em uma empresa do setor automobilístico. Para tanto, estudou-se uma indústria situada na região de Chapecó-SC do setor automobilístico. A metodologia foi desenvolvida visando melhorar e otimizar seu processo sem desperdício e custos irrelevantes. Na referida empresa foi possível verificar problemas no processo de gerenciamento do estoque e alocação dos itens que possuíam regra de rotatividade e da compra dos itens para a reposição. Utilizou-se como metodologia a curva ABC, que é extremamente vantajosa, a fim de separar os itens de maior, média e menor importância, assim como a demanda valorizada, classificando-os de forma proporcional ao seu retorno financeiro à empresa. O resultado deste estudo aponta que o item com maior rotatividade no estoque da empresa foi o óleo lubrificante, utilizado diariamente, seguido por outros itens agregados ao óleo. Já na curva B o destaque é a vela de ignição com moderada rotatividade; e, na curva C, apresentam-se peças de menor importância para a empresa, como retentores e palhetas. O item de maior valor agregado é o jogo de embreagem. De forma geral, destaca-se a importância da ferramenta ABC na gestão e controle do estoque de uma instituição.  Com o auxílio da curva pode-se estabelecer prioridades de compras e vendas, disponibilizando os recursos financeiros adequadamente.
Lo dicho, el hecho y la determinación
Authors: Arango Zuleta Elvia Patricia
Published: September 2020

En este texto se abordan principalmente dos asuntos desde los que se muestran algunas vías que permiten identificar compenetraciones entre el acontecer social y escolar en medio de contradicciones con alcances distintos; y se señala la importancia de la intencionalidad colectiva en las realizaciones conjuntas, máxime cuando el tema propuesto convoca a la sociedad, a las ciencias sociales y humanas. Las contradicciones con alcances distintos están presentes en las interrelaciones sociales al igual que en la subjetividad, se manifiestan en los procesos y escenarios de la sociedad. La intencionalidad colectiva, desarrollada por J. Searle, tiene asiento en los actos de habla y en los hechos institucionales a partir de los cuales dos o más individuos se inmiscuyen en intencionalidades y acciones que comparten; este autor destaca el papel del lenguaje en la construcción de la realidad.
Justicia y ciudadanía: una discusión entre el liberalismo y el comunitarismo
Authors: Arango Restrepo Gabriel Jaime
Published: September 2020

En este artículo el objetivo es esbozar una discusión en torno al concepto de justicia de John Rawls y del papel que juega la ciudadanía en la construcción de la noción de la misma. En este sentido, se describe la crítica a la noción de justicia como imparcialidad, contenida en Teoría de la justicia de John Rawls a partir de la noción de justicia como virtud. A continuación, se muestran algunas visiones de la ciudadanía, partiendo del liberalismo y desembocando en el comunitarismo. Se concluye que la noción de justicia está aún en construcción, pese a que, tanto Rawls como la noción de justicia como virtud, brindan elementos importantes para su desarrollo. Tener una ciudadanía formada integralmente será fundamental para tal fin.
Expanded Access Versus Emergency Authorization – Use Of Investigational Convalescent Plasma For The Treatment Of Patients With Severe Or Life-Threatening Covid-19
Authors: Rao Sohail , Arauco-Brown A , garcia Ricardo , Ramos Reannon , Rao Sohail
Published: September 2020

No Abstract. Commentaries do not require abstracts.
ӘЛКЕЙ МАРҒҰЛАН ЖӘНЕ САРАЙШЫҚ (ALKEY MARGULAN AND SARAISHYK)
Authors: Muktar Abilseit
Published: September 2020

The ancient settlement Saraishyk which is one
of the caravanserais of the Great Silk Road and the
cultural center of the Golden Horde connecting Europe
and Asia is located 50 km from the city of Atyrau.
Fundamental archaeological research of the medieval
settlement Saraishyk began in Soviet times. One of the
first such archaeologists is N.K.Arzyutov. A.Margulan,
who paid particular attention to archeology, was well
acquainted with the studies of these scientists. He is
particularly interested in the archaeological excavations
of N.K.Arzutov in Saraishyk in September 1937. The
article highlights archaeological research conducted by
the founder of the National School of Archeology and
Ethnography, academician of the Academy of Sciences
of Kazakhstan, honored worker of science of the Kazakh
SSR, leader of the West Kazakhstan archaeological
expedition Alkey Hakanuly Margulan in the settlement
of Saraishyk, which was the capital of the Kazakh
Khanate under Kasym Khan.
FUNGSI IDEASIONAL DALAM BAHASA KAILI: SEBUAH TINJAUAN LINGUISTIK SISTEMIK FUNGSIONAL (IDEATIONAL FUNCTION IN KAILI LANGUAGE: A SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL LINGUISTICS VIEW)
Authors: Rosni Darmawati Majid
Published: September 2020

This paper aims to find the ideational functions in bahasa Kaili. Linguistics Systemic Function Halliday is used to find that Ideational Function. The data is collected through a library method, using reading and note taking techniques. Data were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach. The results of the analysis showed that in the mental process, there is only one participant in a clause, in the form of a human, who senses-thinks, feels-who always has consciousness. While in the material process, every participant is something, while in the mental process, concerning perceived, thoughtful, or accepted, the position of sense or sense is not only limited to certain semantic or grammatical categories but broader than the participants in the process material. In short, participants in mental processes are not just ‘something’ but, it can be facts. It is lead to one conclusion that in general, the structure of the Kaili and Indonesian language clauses is not quite different between each other.
CERITA ANAK: ANTARA “GIZI” DAN “RACUN” DALAM PENGEMBANGAN KARAKTER ANAK
Authors: Sidik Umar
Published: September 2020

This paper describes “nutritious” and “poisonous” stories due to developing characters of children to maturity. Thisstudy used pragmatic approach. Data sampling was used by purposive sampling, while the data gathering was used byreading and recording. Analysis was conducted by understanding, interpretation, and meaning, and then presented indescription. The result show that children stories are able to be “nutrition/protein” when they contain personal andeducational values for children, like teaching about patient, struggle, effort, care, obedience, pious, and so on. On thecontrary, the stories are able to be “poison/disease” when they contain vengeance, malice, emotion, tricky, laziness, andso on. AbstrakTulisan ini mendeskripsikan cerita yang “bergizi” dan cerita yang dapat menjadi “racun” bagi usiaperkembangan anak menuju kedewasaannya. Kajian dalam tulisan ini menggunakan pendekatanpragmatik. Sampel data dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling, sedangkan pengumpulan datadengan cara membaca dan mencatat sesuai dengan tujuan pengkajian. Penganalisisan dilakukan denganpemahaman, interpretasi, dan pemaknaan, kemudian disajikan dalam bentuk deskripsi. Hasil yangdiperoleh menunjukkan bahwa cerita anak dapat menjadi “gizi/protein” manakala mengandung nilaipersonal dan nilai edukatif bagi anak, misalnya mengajarkan kesabaran, keuletan, kegigihan, kepedulian,kepatuhan, kesalehan, dan sejenisnya. Namun, cerita akan menjadi “racun/penyakit” manakala memuatpenanaman sifat dendam, kedengkian, emosional, kelicikan, kemalasan, dan sejenisnya.
Laboratory studies of fresh and aged biomass burning aerosol emitted from east African biomass fuels – Part 1: Optical properties
Authors: Smith Damon M. , Fiddler Marc N. , Pokhrel Rudra P. , Bililign Solomon
Published: September 2020

Abstract. An accurate measurement of the optical properties of aerosol is critical for quantifying the effect of aerosol on climate. Uncertainties persist and results of measurements vary significantly. Biomass burning (BB) aerosol has been extensively studied through both field and laboratory environments for North American fuels to understand the changes in optical
and chemical properties as a function of aging. There is a need for a wider
sampling of fuels from different regions of the world for laboratory studies. This work represents the first such study of the optical and
chemical properties of wood fuel samples commonly used for domestic purposes in
east Africa. In general, combustion temperature or modified combustion
efficiency (MCE) plays a major role in the optical properties of the emitted aerosol. For fuels combusted with MCE of 0.974±0.015, which is referred to as flaming-dominated combustion, the single-scattering albedo (SSA) values were in the range of 0.287 to 0.439, while for fuels combusted with MCE of 0.878±0.008, which is referred to as smoldering-dominated combustion, the SSA values were in the range of 0.66 to 0.769. There is a clear but very small dependence of SSA on fuel type. A significant increase in the scattering and extinction cross section (with no significant change in
absorption cross section) was observed, indicating the occurrence of chemistry, even during dark aging for smoldering-dominated combustion. This
fact cannot be explained by heterogeneous oxidation in the particle phase,
and we hypothesize that secondary organic aerosol formation is potentially
happening during dark aging. After 12 h of photochemical aging, BB aerosol
becomes highly scattering with SSA values above 0.9, which can be attributed
to oxidation in the chamber. Aging studies of aerosol from flaming-dominated
combustion were inconclusive due to the very low aerosol number concentration. We also attempted to simulate polluted urban environments by
injecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and BB aerosol into the chamber, but no distinct difference was observed when compared to photochemical aging in the absence of VOCs.
Technical note: CO2 is not like CH4 – limits of and corrections to the headspace method to analyse pCO2 in water
Authors: Koschorreck Matthias , Prairie Yves T. , Kim Jihyeon , Marcé Rafael
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Headspace analysis of CO2 frequently has been used to quantify the concentration of CO2 in freshwater. According to basic chemical theory, not considering chemical equilibration of the carbonate system in the sample vials will result in a systematic error. In this paper we provide a method to quantify the potential error resulting from simple application of Henry's law to headspace CO2 samples. By analysing the potential error for different types of water and experimental conditions we conclude that the error incurred by headspace analysis of CO2 is less than 5 % for samples with pH
MODELLING LAND-USE REGULATION CONFLICTS WITH 3D COMPONENTS TO SUPPORT ISSUING A BUILDING PERMIT
Authors: Emamgholian S. , Pouliot J. , Shojaei D.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Cities are facing important challenges due to population growth and massive development of high-rises and complex structures above and below the ground surface. In that respect, having an efficient land-use regulation framework in force is necessary for cities. In investigating current practices for processing spatial data when issuing building permits, in many cases, the planned building is drawn on 2D plans with cross-sections to represent their 3D dimensions. In complex multilevel developments, this method has significant shortcomings like the requirement of managing numerous plans and sections, and uncertainty in decisions more specifically when checking land-use regulations comprising 3D components (e.g. height limits, overhanging objects, solar rights). In order to support issuing a building permit and moving towards the establishment of 3D smart cities, this paper presents an inventory for land-use regulations with 3D components and functional classification of their possible conflicts. Two functional classifications of possible conflicts in a building permit process from two points of view (i.e. data integration process, and magnitude of land-use regulation conflicts) are proposed. These results are placed in the context of having 3D city models that integrate land-use regulation information.
Politics, Identity, and Domination
Authors: Warnke Georgia
Published: September 2020

Politics against Domination by Ian Shapiro considers important features of a politics of nondomination and argues against the idea that these features are best secured, not by majority rule, but by constitutions, courts, checks and balances, and other republican institutions. This paper examines these arguments but also asks whether majority rule can prevent political domination in the United States where political affiliations are forms of social identity and where social identities play the role they currently play in American public life.
The Destruction of Israel and Other Fantasies in Jewish American Literature
Authors: Gil Noam
Published: September 2020

This article is an attempt to reformulate the critique of Israel in recent years in literary terms; namely, how postcolonial perspectives regarding Zionism are utilized toward the emergence of a new sensibility in twenty-first-century Jewish American Literature. More specifically, the article focuses on the growing preoccupation of twenty-first-century Jewish American novelists with Israel and its destruction. By discussing Michael Chabon’s The Yiddish Policemen’s Union (2007) and Jonathan Safran Foer’s Here I Am (2016), I argue that Israel and Israelis provide an opportunity for Jewish writers to regain a marginalized stature in the American literary field, to reclaim an “expertise in alienation” that Jewish authors have lost since the immediate years following World War II. The destruction of Israel (or the Jewish Hurban) is depicted in both novels as a utopian dystopia, a national Jewish entity blown away to small diasporic pieces. The growing preoccupation of writers with Israel is identified here not only as a testament of the gradual separation of many Jews in America from what they perceive to be an oppressive, colonizing state, but in supplementary aesthetic terms as well—the national center against which Jewish American writers imagine their own otherness.
Stigma towards clients in HIV/AIDS care settings
Authors: Whyte IV James , Whyte Maria , Dickey Sabrina
Published: September 2020

Stigmatizing behaviors engaged by care providers in clinical settings represent a significant barrier to care seeking on the part of persons living with HIV. The majority of studies addressing stigma by healthcare workers has been reported in the developing world. The current study sought to determine the presence of stigmatizing thoughts and behaviors in Ryan White Care Act funded clinics across the United States. The study used a quantitative descriptive design, and included all such sights in the US and its territories. The results indicated that paraprofessional personnel were more likely to engage in thoughts and behaviors that reflect stigma. This finding is significant since these individuals are the first people who patients contact when seeking care, establishing a significant barrier to retention in care. The study reflects a need to engage education and training designed to minimize these behaviors in paraprofessionals.
Designing a Competitive Advantage Model Through Dynamic Capabilities and Differentiation Approach for Iranian Knowledge-based Companies
Authors: Khaligh Alireza Abdolhosseini , Haghighi Mohammad , Nazari Mohsen , Hosseini Hamid Khodadad
Published: September 2020

The worldwide competitive struggles in high-tech environment such as knowledge-based companies have featured the necessity to infer how competitive advantage is gained. Dynamic capabilities as the origin of competitive advantage emphasize the changing character of the environment and nature of future competition, acceleration in innovation growth, and the main role of strategic management in adaption, integration, and reconfiguration of organizational skills, resources, and working competences toward shifting environment. The recent inquiry is based on an interpretive paradigm and an inductive approach. The qualitative part of the research is conducted with exploratory purpose through grounded theory strategy. In quantitative part of study, it is continued with explanatory and descriptive purposes through survey and correlational research strategies. The probe concepts and variables are analyzed in 30 top knowledge-based companies located at growth centers of 6 high-ranking universities of Iran working on electronics and informatics field. The results of the research indicate that achieving knowledge-centricity main phenomenon through dynamic capabilities requires presence of value creation on the basis of resource orientation together with competences. The knowledge-based companies can reach the summit and sustainable success in the knowledge-centricity main phenomenon when they consider two kinds of specialized paths related to the differentiation strategies and knowledge-based strategies. Along with these two paths, contextual factors of environmental cognition, knowledge management and knowledge approaches, and the intervening conditions of branding and brand management, and strategic agility are identified that have a positive and significant effect on both strategies. The final designed model explicates how to gain competitive advantage for the studied companies through dynamic capabilities with regard to the differentiation and the knowledge-based approaches.
De overheidsjurist: bondgenoot en bewaker
Authors: de Graaf Th.C.
Published: September 2020

De overheidsjurist: bondgenoot en bewaker

Deze bijdrage is een lichte bewerking van een voordracht, gehouden op het lustrumsymposium van de Academie voor Overheidsjuristen op 10 september 2019, met als titel: ‘Fake lawyers? Over de rol en positie van overheidsjuristen bij het Rijk’.
De lat voor de wetgevingsjurist
Authors: Schipper-Spanninga J. , Visser G.P.
Published: September 2020

De lat voor de wetgevingsjurist

De auteurs stellen de vraag of de lat voor wetgevingsjuristen nu hoger lijkt te liggen dan voorheen. De inhoudelijke eisen aan goede wetgeving zijn niet wezenlijk veranderd, hoewel zij een sterke verfijning te zien geven. Ook de roep om een betere verbinding tussen wetgeving, beleid en uitvoering is niet nieuw. Wel zien de auteurs dat maatschappelijke ontwikkelingen als de meer participerende rol van de overheid, de complexiteit van de maatschappelijke vraagstukken en de toenemende druk op het totstandkomingstempo van wetgeving de omgeving van de wetgevingsjurist en de omstandigheden waaronder hij zijn werk verricht aanzienlijk hebben veranderd. Op de vaardigheden als samenwerking, flexibiliteit, je kunnen verplaatsen in anderen en snel schakelen wordt in de loop der tijd een steeds sterker beroep gedaan.
Evaluation of the financial condition of companies after the announcement of arrangement bankruptcy: application of the classical and Bayesian logistic regression
Authors: Pawełek Barbara , Kostrzewska Jadwiga , Kostrzewski Maciej , Gałuszka Krzysztof
Published: September 2020

The aim of this paper is to present the results of an assessment of the financial condition of companies from the construction industry after the announcement of arrangement bankruptcy, in comparison to the condition of healthy companies. The logistic regression model estimated by means of the maximum likelihood method and the Bayesian approach were used. The first achievement of our study is the assessment of the financial condition of companies from the construction industry after the announcement of bankruptcy. The second achievement is the application of an approach combining the classical and Bayesian logistic regression models to assess the financial condition of companies in the years following the declaration of bankruptcy, and the presentation of the benefits of such a combination. The analysis described in the paper, carried out in most part by means of the ML logistic regression model, was supplemented with information yielded by the application of the Bayesian approach. In particular, the analysis of the shape of the posterior distribution of the repeat bankruptcy probability makes it possible, in some cases, to observe that the financial condition of a company is not clear, despite clear assessments made on the basis of the point estimations.
A proposal for perception measurement on a linguistic scale coded with unconventional fuzzy numbers
Authors: Dziechciarz-Duda Marta
Published: September 2020

The aim of this paper is to formulate a new proposal for perception measurement on a linguistic scale coded with fuzzy numbers. Additionally, an attempt is made to show the assessment process of the adequacy of a linguistic scale. The basis for the proposal is the discussion of issues related to the ambiguity of the results of measurements made by means of a subjective type of measurement scales. The proposed assessment technique is relevant when the results of the measurement based on a linguistic scale are coded with numerical equivalents in the form of e.g. unconventional fuzzy numbers. The issue the subjective perception of the products’ quality illustrates the objectivity level of measurement results. Subjective perception is measured with a specially designed IT tool allowing the respondent to determine all the characteristics of the resulting fuzzy numbers. The scale adequacy assessment tool is based on the Item Response Theory, and particulary so on the model devised by Georg Rasch. The measurement of socio-economic phenomena, including material and subjective wellbeing of households, the quality of households’ durable goods, and the assessment of the quality of goods available on the market requires special tools. It seems that one of the most useful and powerful tools for the measurement of socio-economic phenomena is a linguistic scale. The problematic issue in the analysis presented in the paper is coding verbal terms with their numerical equivalents.
From guidance to counseling. Theoretical achievements and research areas of sub-discipline
Authors: Aszkiełowicz Aleksandra , Ładyżyński Andrzej
Published: September 2020

Guidance can be considered on a broad continuum - from the daily activities of friendly people to specialised institutional activities. If we call guidance a practical activity related to providing help, counseling is called a scientific discipline, the theory of guidance. The article presents the history of the formation of counseling and the paradigms, currents and theoretical concepts and counseling as a scientific discipline. Attempts to describe this process can be made from various theoretical and methodological positions, using regularities taken from various scientific disciplines.
PRE-CONDITIONS FOR SHAPING TOOLS OF SOCIAL REINTEGRATION. OUTCOMES OF EVALUATION RESERCH ON COUNTRY-WIDE NETWORK OF SOCIAL REINTEGRATION
Authors: Krzyszkowski Jerzy
Published: September 2020

The article presents the main results of evaluation of the project ”National reintegration network – streng thening social employment institutions – in social policy activities towards social exclusion”. The aim of the project was to introduce in the area of social and professional reinforcement a new profile of reinforcement services based on multi-station co-operation of various institutions, entities and non-governmental organizations