bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gate-switchable rectification in isotype van der Waals heterostructure of multilayer MoTe2/SnS2 with large band offsets
Authors: Kim Seonyeong , Du Hyewon , Kim Taekwang , Shin Somyeong , Song Hyeon-kyo , Kim Hansung , Kang Dain , Lee Chang-Won , Seo Sunae
Published: June 2020

Despite intensive studies on van der Waals heterostructures based on two-dimensional layered materials, isotype vdW heterojunctions, which consist of two different semiconductors with the same majority carrier, have received little attention. We demonstrate an n–n isotype field-effect heterojunction device composed of multilayer moly ditelluride (MoTe2) and tin disulfide (SnS2). The carrier transport flowing through the n-MoTe2/n-SnS2 heterojunction exhibits a clear rectifying behavior exceeding 103, even at a moderate source–drain voltage of 1 V in ambient environment. Owing to the large band offsets between the two materials, a potential barrier exceeding ~1 eV is formed, which is verified by comparing a numerical solution of Poisson’s equation and experimental data. In contrast to the conventional p–n heterostructure operating by diffusion of the minority carrier, we identify the carrier transport is governed by the majority carrier via the thermionic emission and tunneling-mediated process through the potential barrier. Furthermore, the gate voltage can completely turn off the device and even enhance the rectification. A ternary inverter based on the isotype MoTe2/SnS2 heterojunction and a SnS2 channel transistor is demonstrated for potential multivalued logic applications. Our results suggest that the isotype vdW heterojunction will become an able candidate for electronic or optoelectronic devices after suitable band engineering and design optimization.
Direct visualization of out-of-equilibrium structural transformations in atomically thin chalcogenides
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Horwath James P. , Foucher Alexandre C. , Price Christopher C. , Acero Natalia , Shenoy Vivek B. , Stach Eric A. , Jariwala Deep
Published: June 2020

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have been the subject of sustained research interest due to their extraordinary electronic and optical properties. They also exhibit a wide range of structural phases because of the different orientations that the atoms can have within a single layer, or due to the ways that different layers can stack. Here we report a unique study involving direct visualization of structural transformations in atomically thin layers under highly non-equilibrium thermodynamic conditions. We probe these transformations at the atomic scale using real-time, aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and observe strong dependence of the resulting structures and phases on both heating rate and temperature. A fast heating rate (25 °C/sec) yields highly ordered crystalline hexagonal islands of sizes of less than 20 nm which are composed of a mixture of 2H and 3R phases. However, a slow heating rate (25 °C/min) yields nanocrystalline and sub-stoichiometric amorphous regions. These differences are explained by different rates of sulfur evaporation and redeposition. The use of non-equilibrium heating rates to achieve highly crystalline and quantum-confined features from 2D atomic layers present a new route to synthesize atomically thin, laterally confined nanostructures and opens new avenues for investigating fundamental electronic phenomena in confined dimensions.
Large-scale Ising emulation with four body interaction and all-to-all connections
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Zhang He , Huang Yu-Ping
Published: June 2020

Optical Ising machines with two-body interactions have shown potential in solving combinatorial optimization problems which are extremely hard to solve with digital computers. Yet, some physical systems cannot be properly described by only two-body interactions. Here, we propose and demonstrate a nonlinear optics approach to emulate Ising machines containing many spins (up to a million in the absence of optical imperfections) and with tailored all-to-all two and four-body interactions. Our approach employs a spatial light modulator to encode and control the spins in the form of the binary-phase values, and emulates the high-order interaction with frequency conversion in a nonlinear crystal. By implementing adaptive feedback, the system can be evolved into effective spin configurations that well-approximate the ground-states of Ising Hamiltonians with all-to-all connected many-body interactions. Our technique could serve as a tool to probe complex, many-body physics and give rise to exciting applications in big-data optimization, computing, and analytics.
Bio-inspired SiO2-hard-template reconstructed g-C3N4nanosheets for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: You Mingzhu , Yi Shasha , Xia Dengchao , Jing Huijuan , Ji Haipeng , Zhang Liying , Wang Yu , Zhang Zongtao , Chen Deliang
Published: June 2020

Building architectures to manipulate light propagation using a light-conversion matrix is one of the most competitive strategies to enhance photocatalytic performance.
Towards elucidating structure of ligand-protected nanoclusters
Authors: Cowan Michael J. , Mpourmpakis Giannis
Published: June 2020

Developing a centralized database for ligand-protected nanoclusters can fuel machine learning and data-science-based approaches towards theoretical structure prediction.
A new non-centrosymmetric Gd-based borate crystal Rb7SrGd2(B5O10)3: growth, structure, and nonlinear optical and magnetic properties
Authors: Liu Wang , Liu Xiaomeng , Shen Jun , Li Yunfei , Song Huimin , Feng Jingcheng , Lin Zheshuai , Zhang Guochun
Published: June 2020

A new Gd-based multifunctional material, Rb7SrGd2(B5O10)3, demonstrating moderate nonlinear optical response and paramagnetic properties was obtained for the first time.
Citrus auraptene induces drug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein expression in human intestinal cells
Authors: Nabekura Tomohiro , Kawasaki Tatsuya , Kato Yu , Kawai Kazuyoshi , Fiorito Serena , Epifano Francesco , Genovese Salvatore , Uwai Yuichi
Published: June 2020

Citrus phytochemical auraptene activates the drug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein gene (MDR1) promoter in human intestinal LS174T cells. Auraptene increases protein expression of P-glycoprotein. Auraptene can cause food–drug interactions.
Effective suppression of lithium dendrite growth using fluorinated polysulfonamide-containing single-ion conducting polymer electrolytes
Authors: Zhong Yunyun , Zhang Jianwei , Wang Shuanjin , Han Dongmei , Xiao Min , Meng Yuezhong
Published: June 2020

A flexible artificial SEI layer with a 3D cross-linked network structure exhibits high ionic conductivity and single-ion conductive characteristics.
Carbon dots for lysosome targeting and imaging of lysosomal pH and Cys/Hcy in living cells
Authors: Liu Qiaoling , Niu Xiuyun , Zhang Yan , Zhao Ying , Xie Kaixin , Yang Boru , He Qing , Lv Shiyou , Li Lin
Published: June 2020

Novel carbon dots (Scy-CDs) can target pH and Cys/Hcy in lysosomes with “on–off–on” fluorescence behavior.
CVD-assisted fabrication of hierarchical microparticulate Li2TiSiO5-carbon nanospheres for ultrafast lithium storage
Authors: Kong Dejia , Shen Li , Mo Runwei , Liu Jiaxu , Tao Ran , Shi Wenyue , Ma Shengxiang , Zhang Chen , Lu Yunfeng
Published: June 2020

Introducing a high-quality carbonaceous coating on microparticulate Li2TiSiO5 (LTSO) by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) yields a practical composite anode (LTSO/C) with graphite-like capacity and Li4Ti5O12-like rate capability.
Synthesis of indoles from alkynes and a nitrogen source under metal-free conditions
Authors: Neto Jose S. S. , Zeni Gilson
Published: June 2020

This review deals with the methodologies published in the last ten years, which used metal-free conditions to prepare indoles starting from alkynes and nitrogen compounds.
Protonic acid doping of low band-gap conjugated polyions
Authors: Ye Gang , Liu Yuru , Liu Jian , Qiu Xinkai , Koster L. Jan Anton , Chiechi Ryan C.
Published: June 2020

Conjugated polyions (CPIs) offer synthetic tunability and selective processing into insulating, semiconducting and metallic states simply by controlling acidity.
Novel fabrication of PSSAMA_Na capped silver nanoparticle embedded sodium alginate membranes for pervaporative dehydration of bioethanol
Authors: Kulkarni Akshay S. , Sajjan Ashok M. , M Ashwini , Banapurmath Nagaraj R. , Ayachit Narasimha H. , Shirnalli Geeta G.
Published: June 2020

Polystyrene-4-sulfonic acid co maleic acid sodium salt (PSSAMA_Na) capped silver nanoparticle (Ag_Np) embedded sodium alginate (Na-Alg) nanocomposite membranes have been developed to improve the pervaporation (PV) dehydration of bioethanol.
One-pot preparation of hierarchical Cu2O hollow spheres for improved visible-light photocatalytic properties
Authors: Dong Yali , Tao Feifei , Wang Linxia , Lan Mingxuan , Zhang Jiayan , Hong Tianjie
Published: June 2020

As visible light photocatalysts, narrow bandgap semiconductors can effectively convert solar energy to chemical energy, exhibiting potential applications in alleviating energy shortage and environmental pollution.
Copper(ii)-containing tungstotellurates(vi): syntheses, structures and their catalytic performances in selective oxidation of thioethers
Authors: Li Xuanyao , Li Peihe , Liu Jinghai , Lin Zhengguo , Hu Changwen
Published: June 2020

Two copper(ii)-containing tungstotellurates(vi) were synthesized and present very high catalytic activity for the selective oxidation of thioethers under ambient conditions.
Antiproliferative activity of new pentacyclic triterpene and a saponin from Gladiolus segetum Ker-Gawl corms supported by molecular docking study
Authors: Abd El-kader Adel M. , Mahmoud Basma Khalaf , Hajjar Dina , Mohamed Mamdouh F. A. , Hayallah Alaa M. , Abdelmohsen Usama Ramadan
Published: June 2020

A new triterpenoidal saponin 1, a new oleanane triterpene 2, and 6 known compounds (3–8) have been isolated from Gladiolus segetum Ker-Gawl corms.
Transparent glass-ceramics for thermal management application: achievement of optical transparency and high thermal conductivity
Authors: Terakado Nobuaki , Yoshimine Toshikazu , Kozawa Ryusei , Takahashi Yoshihiro , Fujiwara Takumi
Published: June 2020

Oxide glass is an industrial material with advantages such as optical transparency and shaping ability of the melt, but at the same time, it is a bad conductor of heat due to its disordered structures.
Facile preparation of porous sheet–sheet hierarchical nanostructure NiO/Ni–Co–Mn–Ox with enhanced specific capacity and cycling stability for high performance supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Ying , Xu Ruidong , Qin Ziyang , Feng Suyang , Wang Wenbin , Chen Chen , Ju Ao
Published: June 2020

NiO, Ni–Co–Mn–Ox and NiO/Ni–Co–Mn–Ox on nickel foam substrates were prepared via a chemical bath deposition–calcination.
Surface construction of fluorinated TiO2 nanotube networks to develop uvioresistant superhydrophobic aramid fabric
Authors: Dong Li , Shi Min , Xu Sijun , Sun Qilong , Pan Gangwei , Yao Lirong , Zhu Chunhong
Published: June 2020

A superhydrophobic hollow TNT network structure was built on surfaces of aramid fibers by surface coating fluorinated TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) to develop an air-permeable, UV-protective, and superhydrophobic coating.
Unidirectional growth of organic single crystals of naphthalene, anthracene and pyrene by isothermal expansion of supercritical CO2
Authors: Sarve Antaram , George Jimil , Agrawal Santosh , Jasra Raksh Vir , Munshi Pradip
Published: June 2020

Slow isothermal expansion of a supercritical CO2 solution resulting in unidirectional single crystals of controllable size as a method of crystallization with practically nil E factor.
Deepening the insight into poly(butylene oxide)-block-poly(glycidol) synthesis and self-assemblies: micelles, worms and vesicles
Authors: Wehr Riccardo , Gaitzsch Jens , Daubian Davy , Fodor Csaba , Meier Wolfgang
Published: June 2020

Improved synthesis and well controlled self-assembly of PBO-b-PG amphiphilic diblock copolymers led to homogenous phases of micelles, worms and vesicles.
Visible light-driven simultaneous water oxidation and quinone reduction by a nano-structured conjugated polymer without co-catalysts
Authors: Patel Jully , Yuan Xiaojiao , Marinho Stéphanie Mendes , Leibl Winfried , Remita Hynd , Aukauloo Ally
Published: June 2020

Nanostructured conjugated polymers of diphenylbutadiyne (nano-PDPB) can perform photocatalytic water oxidation under visible light excitation. Charge recovery delayed in time was exemplified by the reduction of quinone acting as a hydrogen reservoir.
Selective oxo ligand functionalisation and substitution reactivity in an oxo/catecholate-bridged UIV/UIV Pacman complex
Authors: Cowie Bradley E. , Douair Iskander , Maron Laurent , Love Jason B. , Arnold Polly L.
Published: June 2020

A UIV/UIV “Pacman” complex exhibits facile oxo-ligand functionalisation and substitution reactivity, owing to a bridging catecholate ligand that enhances the μ-oxo nucleophilicity and stabilises the resulting products.
Field driven evaporation kinetics of a sessile ferrofluid droplet on a soft substrate
Authors: Shyam Sudip , Mondal Pranab Kumar , Mehta Balkrishna
Published: June 2020

We experimentally investigate the evaporation kinetics of a sessile ferrofluid droplet placed on a soft substrate in the presence of a time-dependent magnetic field.
Enhancing solar–thermal–electric energy conversion based on m-PEGMA/GO synergistic phase change aerogels
Authors: Cao Ruirui , Sun Dequan , Wang Liangliang , Yan Zhengguang , Liu Wenquan , Wang Xin , Zhang Xingxiang
Published: June 2020

The study has fabricated a TEG with enhanced solar–thermal–electric energy conversion and expands the application of PCMs on TEG and promises a new potential application in advanced energy-related devices, waste heat reuse and other fields.
From cells-on-a-chip to organs-on-a-chip: scaffolding materials for 3D cell culture in microfluidics
Authors: Terrell John A. , Jones Curtis G. , Kabandana Giraso Keza Monia , Chen Chengpeng
Published: June 2020

Integrating ECM materials in microfluidics for 3D cell culture.
Multimaterial and multifunctional neural interfaces: from surface-type and implantable electrodes to fiber-based devices
Authors: Sung Changhoon , Jeon Woojin , Nam Kum Seok , Kim Yeji , Butt Haider , Park Seongjun
Published: June 2020

Development of neural interfaces from surface electrodes to fibers with various type, functionality, and materials.
Temperature evolution of (quinuclidinium)[FeCl4]: a plastic/polar magnetic hybrid compound with a giant dielectric constant
Authors: González-Izquierdo Palmerina , Fabelo Oscar , Canadillas-Delgado Laura , Beobide Garikoitz , Vallcorba Oriol , Sánchez-Andújar Manuel , Fernández-Díaz María Teresa , de Pedro Imanol
Published: June 2020

The temperature evolution of (quinuclidinium)[FeCl4] shows the occurrence of an intricate series of phase transitions, involving notable modifications on the physical properties.
A Systematic Review of Academic Discourse Interventions for School-Aged Children With Language-Related Learning Disabilities
Authors: Peterson Amy K. , Fox Carly B. , Israelsen Megan
Published: June 2020

Purpose

This systematic review synthesized a set of peer-reviewed studies published between 1985 and 2019 and addressed the effectiveness of existing narrative and expository discourse interventions for late elementary– and middle school–aged students with language-related learning disabilities.

Method

A methodical search of the literature for interventions targeting expository or narrative discourse structure for students aged 9–14 years with group experimental designs identified 33 studies, seven of which met specific criteria to be included in this review.

Results

An 8-point critical appraisal scale was applied to analyze the quality of the study design, and effect sizes were calculated for six of the seven studies; equivocal to small effects of far-transfer outcomes (i.e., generalizability to other settings) and equivocal to moderate near-transfer outcomes (i.e., within the treatment setting) were identified. The most effective intervention studies provided explicit instruction of expository texts with visual supports and student-generated learning materials (e.g., notes or graphic organizers) with moderate dosage (i.e., 180–300 min across 6–8 weeks) in a one-on-one or paired group setting. Greater intervention effects were also seen in children with reading and/or language disorders, compared to children with overall academic performance difficulties.

Conclusions

A number of expository discourse interventions showed promise for student use of learned skills within the treatment setting (i.e., near-transfer outcomes) but had limited generalization of skills (i.e., far-transfer outcomes).

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12449258
Analysis and design of a high‐efficiency three‐coil WPT system with constant current output
Authors: Yang Lin , Li Xiaoming , Xu Ziwei , Liu Sheng , Dong Zifan , Wu Yuanbao
Published: June 2020

The wireless power transfer (WPT) system has been widely researched due to its inherent advantages compared with the traditional plug‐in charging system over security, flexibility, convenience and so on. Compared with the two‐coil WPT system, the three‐coil WPT system has been proven to have higher efficiency over a relatively long transmission distance. In many applications, WPT systems are required to have the load‐independent constant current output (CCO) characteristic and zero phase angle (ZPA) operation. This study proposes a three‐coil WPT system that can achieve the CCO and ZPA operation through flexible parameter design. First, the detailed mathematical deduction for the CCO and ZPA operation is given. Then, a comprehensive analysis of the three‐coil WPT system is conducted in term of parameter design, the sensitivity of the CCO to changes in compensation parameters, implementation of zero voltage switching operation and efficiency analysis. Furthermore, a detailed efficiency comparison with the SS WPT system is performed to reflect the high efficiency of the proposed three‐coil system, and the additional performance of the proposed three‐coil system is compared with previous related works to verify its advantages further. Finally, the correctness of the theoretical analysis is verified by simulation and experiment.
Effective microgrid restructuring in the presence of high DG proliferation
Authors: Srividhya Subramanian , Murali Venkatakirthiga
Published: June 2020

Distributed generators bring in promising benefits as well as question the efficacious relaying operation of the conventional radial distribution systems on the penetration. Among different types of interface machines, synchronous generators upon increased penetration create major disruptions to the existing operation of relays and circuit breakers due to their high fault current capability. Hence, this work employs reconfiguration as a strategy to mitigate the protection issues imposed by a highly proliferated DG network. As restructuring also has the capability to create relay miscoordinations, a vigilant identification of optimal structure is carried out. 22.9% loss reduction, 24.3% reduction in the sustained interruption hours faced by an average consumer and 35.8% decrease in the maximum electricity price paid by the consumer at a load point are achieved for the practical 52‐bus microgrid while attempting to reconfigure in view of addressing the protection challenges. 21.84% drop is observed in total size of fault current limiters as well. 33 and 69 bus benchmark systems transformed to a microgrid are also employed to validate the proposed reconfiguration strategy. New tie‐line combinations are searched for each test system in a view to look for a superior structure giving out best results in the context of study.
Weather‐related power outage model with a growing domain: structure, performance, and generalisability
Authors: Watson Peter L. , Cerrai Diego , Koukoula Marika , Wanik David W. , Anagnostou Emmanouil
Published: June 2020

The outage prediction model (OPM) is a weather‐related machine learning‐based power outage model, which has been developed at the University of Connecticut for many years and has recently grown to cover three states and five utility service territories. This is a large heterogeneous domain supported by a large dataset of hundreds of storm events. This dataset presents the opportunity to investigate the effect of the spatial organisation and training structure on model performance, identify potential weaknesses in the modelling approach, and evaluate the generalisability of the modelling methodology. By organising and sub‐dividing the modelling system informed by clustering analysis, this study experiments with the structure of the model to identify potential sources of error in the modelling system and evaluate generalisability. The clustering analysis identifies regions of specific climatic, topographic, and environmental characteristics, and performance improvements are observed when the model is subdivided and trained separately for each cluster in certain clustering. Models trained on all available data from all five utility service territories consistently have good performance showing that the OPM modelling approach is generalisable across different service territories and power utilities.
Outflows, cores, and magnetic field orientations in W43-MM1 as seen by ALMA
Authors: Arce-Tord C. , Louvet F. , Cortes P. C. , Motte F. , Hull C. L. H. , Le Gouellec V. J. M. , Garay G. , Nony T. , Didelon P. , Bronfman L.
Published: June 2020

Aims. It has been proposed that the magnetic field, which is pervasive in the interstellar medium, plays an important role in the process of massive star formation. To better understand the impact of the magnetic field at the pre- and protostellar stages, high-angular resolution observations of polarized dust emission toward a large sample of massive dense cores are needed. We aim to reveal any correlation between the magnetic field orientation and the orientation of the cores and outflows in a sample of protostellar dense cores in the W43-MM1 high-mass star-forming region.

Methods. We used the Atacama Large Millimeter Array in Band 6 (1.3 mm) in full polarization mode to map the polarized emission from dust grains at a physical scale of ~2700 au. We used these data to measure the orientation of the magnetic field at the core scale. Then, we examined the relative orientations of the core-scale magnetic field, of the protostellar outflows, and of the major axis of the dense cores determined from a 2D Gaussian fit in the continuum emission.

Results. We find that the orientation of the dense cores is not random with respect to the magnetic field. Instead, the dense cores are compatible with being oriented 20–50° with respect to the magnetic field. As for the outflows, they could be oriented 50–70° with respect to the magnetic field, or randomly oriented with respect to the magnetic field, which is similar to current results in low-mass star-forming regions.

Conclusions. The observed alignment of the position angle of the cores with respect to the magnetic field lines shows that the magnetic field is well coupled with the dense material; however, the 20–50° preferential orientation contradicts the predictions of the magnetically-controlled core-collapse models. The potential correlation of the outflow directions with respect to the magnetic field suggests that, in some cases, the magnetic field is strong enough to control the angular momentum distribution from the core scale down to the inner part of the circumstellar disks where outflows are triggered.
ALMA full polarization observations of PKS 1830−211 during its record-breaking flare of 2019
Authors: Marti-Vidal I. , Muller S. , Mus A. , Marscher A. , Agudo I. , Gomez J. L.
Published: June 2020

We report Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) Band 6 full-polarization observations of the lensed blazar PKS 1830−211 during its record-breaking radio and gamma-ray flare in the spring of 2019. The observations were taken close to the peak of the gamma activity and show a clear difference in polarization state between the two time-delayed images. The leading image has a fractional polarization about three times lower than the trailing image, implying that significant depolarization occurred during the flare. In addition, we observe clear intra-hour variability of the polarization properties between the two lensed images, with a quasi-linear increase in the differential electric-vector position angle at a rate of about two degrees per hour, associated with changes in the relative fractional polarization of ∼10%. This variability, combined with the lower polarization close to the peak of gamma activity, is in agreement with models of magnetic turbulence to explain polarization variability in blazar jets. Finally, the comparison of results from the full and differential polarization analysis confirms that the differential polarization technique (Martí-Vidal et al. 2016, A&A, 593, A61) can provide useful information on the polarization state of sources like gravitationally lensed radio-loud quasars.
Ultra-long and quite thin coronal loop without significant expansion
Authors: Li Dong , Yuan Ding , Goossens Marcel , Van Doorsselaere Tom , Su Wei , Wang Ya , Su Yang , Ning Zongjun
Published: June 2020

Context. Coronal loops are the basic building blocks of the solar corona. They are related to the mass supply and heating of solar plasmas in the corona. However, their fundamental magnetic structures are still not well understood. Most coronal loops do not expand significantly, but the diverging magnetic field would have an expansion factor of about 5−10 over one pressure scale height.

Aims. We investigate a unique coronal loop with a roughly constant cross section. The loop is ultra long and quite thin. A coronal loop model with magnetic helicity is presented to explain the small expansion of the loop width.

Methods. This coronal loop was predominantly detectable in the 171 Å channel of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA). Then, the local magnetic field line was extrapolated within a model of the potential field source-surface. Finally, the differential emission measure analysis made from six AIA bandpasses was applied to obtain the thermal properties of this loop.

Results. This coronal loop has a projected length of roughly 130 Mm, a width of about 1.5 ± 0.5 Mm, and a lifetime of about 90 min. It follows an open magnetic field line. The cross section expanded very little (i.e., 1.5−2.0) along the loop length during its whole lifetime. This loop has a nearly constant temperature at about 0.7 ± 0.2 MK, but its density exhibits the typical structure of a stratified atmosphere.

Conclusions. We use the theory of a thin twisted flux tube to construct a model for this nonexpanding loop and find that with sufficient twist, a coronal loop can indeed attain equilibrium. However, we cannot rule out other possibilities such as footpoint heating by small-scale reconnection or an elevated scale height by a steady flow along the loop.
Die Bedeutung von motorischen Verhaltensänderungen durch Insuffizienzhinken für die Belastung und Beanspruchung von Gelenken
Authors: Hamacher Dennis , Hamacher Dieter
Published: June 2020

Insuffizienzhinken nach degenerativen Veränderungen oder Verletzung der großen Beingelenke ist eine typische Änderung des Bewegungsverhaltens. Es ist eine motorische Verhaltensänderung, die die Schonung des betroffenen Gelenks und der geschwächten Muskulatur zum Ziel hat. So werden beim Gehen Körperpositionen eingenommen, durch die betroffenen Gelenke geringer, jedoch andere stärker belastet werden. Eine reduzierte Belastung bedeutet jedoch nicht zwingend auch eine verminderte Beanspruchung der Gelenke! Während die Belastung, die beim Gehen im Sinne von kompressiven Kräften auf das Hüftgelenk wirkt, durch die Hinkmuster reduziert wird, kann die Beanspruchung der gelenkigen Strukturen sehr ungünstige Formen annehmen. Es wird im vorliegenden Artikel klargestellt, dass nicht die Belastung das Gewebe der Gelenke unmittelbar beeinflusst, denn es sind vielmehr die Verteilung des Drucks auf der Gelenkoberfläche und die mechanische Spannung im Knorpel sowie im unterliegenden Knochen. Deswegen ist in der Therapie eine zielgerichtete Interventionsstrategie zu wählen, bei der die aus der Belastung resultierende Beanspruchung berücksichtigt wird. Aus Sicht der Autoren müssen sich Patienten mit manifestierten Insuffizienzhinkmunstern im Rahmen der Sekundärprävention zuerst einer Bewegungsschulung unterziehen, sonst können sich Spätschäden einstellen und eine nachhaltige Bindung an einen „bewegten Alltag“ nachhaltig stören. Die Betreuung durch entsprechend geschulte Sport- und Bewegungstherapeuten eignet sich hierfür im hohen Maße.
Renal Insufficiency and Short-Term Outcomes of Acute Pulmonary Embolism: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Dingyi , Fan Guohui , Liu Xin , Wu Sinan , Zhai Zhenguo
Published: June 2020

Background This article evaluates the association between renal insufficiency and short-term outcomes among patients with acute pulmonary embolism.

Methods The literature search was completed on December 31, 2019 and data were contracted from 13 cohort studies. Diagnosis of renal insufficiency was based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum creatinine level, or self-report. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality of 30 days or during hospitalization. The pooled risk ratios (RRs), pooled mortality rates, and between-study heterogeneity were estimated by random-effect models. All the statistical analyses were performed using STATA/SE software.

Results We included 13 studies (N = 35,662) in the meta-analysis, including two focused on acute kidney injury (AKI). Early all-cause mortality in patients with versus without renal insufficiency were 15% (95% confidence interval [CI] 9–22%) and 5% (95% CI 3–8%), respectively (RR 1.76, 95% CI 1.61–1.92). For patients with eGFR < 30 mL/min·1.73m−2, rates were 30% (95% CI 11–75%) versus 10% (95% CI 5–14%) (RR 3.32, 95% CI 1.53–6.70). For patients with AKI during hospitalization, rates were 32% (95% CI 11–75%) versus 13% (95% CI 4–29%) (RR 2.69, 95% CI 1.24–5.84). Pulmonary embolism (PE)-related death and fatal bleeding were significantly higher in patients with renal insufficiency.

Conclusion Renal insufficiency, especially AKI and severe renal insufficiency, was associated with early mortality in acute PE patients. Our results may escalate vigilance in risk stratification and management of PE patients with renal insufficiency in clinical practice.
Teens on Wheels and Consequences: A Six-Year Population-Based Study of Bicycle and Moped Injuries
Authors: Unkuri Jani , Salminen Päivi , Kallio Pentti , Kosola Silja
Published: June 2020

Introduction Road traffic accidents are a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in the pediatric and adolescent population. Among adolescents, bicycles and light motorized two wheelers are popular means of transportation and increase adolescents' autonomy. Most previous studies on injury risk and incidence have pooled different vehicles and age groups together but more distinct data are required to guide policy.

Materials and Methods We gathered data on all 1,432 children and adolescents (age 7–15) who had been treated for injuries from bicycle(n = 841) or moped/motorized scooter (n = 591) accidents at our study centers during a 6-year period (2008–2013). In addition to clinical data, we reviewed Injury Severity Scores (ISS) and calculated incidence estimates for the population of 15-year-olds in the study area.

Results Most bicyclists were injured after a fall (72%), whereas most moped/scooter riders were injured in a collision (51%), most often with a heavier motorized vehicle. Internal injuries, multiple injuries, and severe injuries (ISS >15) were more common among moped/scooter riders than bicyclists (p < 0·001 for all). Moped/scooter riders were more often hospitalized and underwent more operations than bicyclists (p < 0·001 for both). The annual estimated incidence rates of injury were roughly eightfold for 15-year-old moped/scooter riders compared to bicyclists of the same age.

Conclusion Cycling is in general a safe mode of transportation and rider safety could be further increased with the proper use of helmets. Although no patient deaths occurred in this study population, mopeds and motorized scooters led to significant morbidity.
Spectrum of Neurologic Complications in COVID-19: An Evidence-Based Review
Authors: Sarkar Soumya , Khanna Puneet , Dube Surya K.
Published: June 2020

The world is facing an unprecedented crisis due to the pandemic of current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Coronavirus (CoVs) infections not only are always involving the respiratory tract but also possess significant neuroinvasive potential. The literature regarding neuropathogenic potential of human CoVs is sparse. Thus, the number of COVID-19–related neurologic complications is likely to be underestimated. Awareness regarding the possible spectrum of neurologic complications is essential for therapeutic decision-making and individualized treatment and thereby limiting the COVID-19–related morbidity and mortality. The aim of this review is to address the neurologic manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Current Trends of Dermatophytosis in Eastern Odisha
Authors: Jain Swati , Kabi Sunita , Swain Bichitrananda
Published: June 2020

Background Dermatophytes are fungi parasitizing structures rich in keratin such as skin, hair, and nail, which leads to a dermal inflammatory response with intense itching and cosmetic disfigurement. The climatic condition of eastern India is predominantly hot and humid with severe rainfalls promoting fungal infection. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of dermatophytosis and to isolate and identify the dermatophyte from clinically suspected cases attending tertiary care center.

Methodology This study was conducted from April 2018 to March 2019 and a total of 1,200 samples were included. Skin scrapings were collected and examined microscopically using 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount. Culture was performed using Sabouraud dextrose agar and dermatophyte test medium. Speciation was done based on macroscopic and microscopic findings using lactophenol cotton blue staining and some special tests like urease test and slide culture.

Results Of 1,200 cases, tinea corporis was the most common clinical presentation. Direct KOH positivity was 89.4% and culture positivity was 61.75%. Trichophyton mentagrophyte (77.5%) was the most common dermatophyte isolated followed by Trichophyton rubrum (13.3%).

Conclusion Dermatophytic infections are not serious but their propensity to persist leading to chronicity and disfigurement may have personal and social implications.
Interface trap and border trap characterization for Al2O3/GeOx/Ge gate stacks and influence of these traps on mobility of Ge p-MOSFET
Authors: Wen Wei-Chen , Nagatomi Yuta , Akamine Hiroshi , Yamamoto Keisuke , Wang Dong , Nakashima Hiroshi
Published: June 2020

Interface traps (ITs) and border traps (BTs) in Al2O3/GeOx/p-Ge gate stacks were characterized using deep-level transient spectroscopy. Through evaluating the gate stacks with different GeOx thicknesses, the respective BTs in Al2O3, the Al2O3/GeOx interface region, and GeOx were detected. The density of ITs (Dit) near the midgap is lower in the metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors with thicker GeOx, while Dit near the valence band is lower in the MOS capacitor with thinner GeOx. The density of BTs (Nbt) in Al2O3 (6–9 × 1017 cm−3) is lower than those in GeOx (∼2 × 1018 cm−3), and the highest Nbt (∼1 × 1019 cm−3) was found in the Al2O3/GeOx interface region. Ge p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors (MOSFETs) with Al2O3/GeOx/p-Ge gate stacks were fabricated and analyzed. We confirmed that the ITs and the BTs near the valence band edge of Ge affect the effective mobility of Ge p-MOSFETs in the high-field region.
Thermoelectric properties through a wire composed of isoprene molecules
Authors: Rivera Mateus Miguel Andrés , Ojeda J. H. , Gallego Daniel
Published: June 2020

In this work, we study the electrical and thermoelectric properties through carbon bonds acting as nanowires derived from linear unsaturated organic molecules with a π conjugated system composed of isoprene molecules (NWIM) linked to leads. The study of electrical properties is conducted through the length of the NWIM and molecular couplings, and that of thermoelectric properties is conducted through a hemiterpenoid with a single isoprenic unit as the chemical scaffold. We approach the system by modeling it based on a tight-binding Hamiltonian model and solving it by using analytical means such as the renormalization process and Green’s functions. We obtain the transmission probability by utilizing the Fisher–Lee relationship. In the linear response approximation, by analyzing the electronic conductance (G), the thermal conductance (κ), the Seebeck coefficient (S), and the figure of merit (ZT), the molecular system clearly shows a behavior similar to that of a semiconductor material, obtaining a better thermoelectric performance with an asymmetric transmission probability at the edges of the band. Remarkably, by careful selection of the Fermi energy, the system plays an important role in the effectiveness of the ZT. These results offer a novel approach to molecular-based device designs, where the change in conductance due to the length effect in the NWIM can produce changes in the insulator–conductor states.
Duality characteristics of bipolar and unipolar resistive switching in a Pt/SrZrO3/TiOx/Pt stack
Authors: Ju Hyunsu , Yang Min Kyu
Published: June 2020

The mechanism of irreversible resistive switching (RS) conversion from bipolar to unipolar operation is investigated in a capacitor structure, SrZrO3/TiOx/Pt, prepared on a Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate. Bipolar RS memory current–voltage characteristics are observed in the RS voltage window from +2.5 V to −1.9 V, which shows excellent durability and retention characteristics. As the voltage bias is increased to greater than +4 V, an additional forming process occurs, irreversibly converting the RS mode from the bipolar to the unipolar mode. In this study, two materials are combined with different switching mechanisms to enable the fabrication of RS memory with desirable characteristics in different current regions.
Theoretical investigation of the structural, electronic, and elastic properties of TM3In(TM = Pd and Pt) intermetallic compounds
Authors: Mousa Ahmad A. , Jaradat Raed , Abu-Jafar Mohammed , Mahmoud Nada T. , Al-Qaisi Samah , Khalifeh Jamil M. , Abusaimeh H.
Published: June 2020

We present a systematic study of the structural, elastic, and electronic properties of TM3In(TM = Pd and Pt) intermetallic compounds using density functional theory via a full-potential linearized augmented plane wave approach in the context of the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation. We investigate the elastic constants, partial and total density of states (DOS), and charge density. Our structural study shows that the compounds have a cubic crystal with space group Pm-3m in phase I. In addition, we have calculated the formation energy and the DOS at the Fermi level [N(Ef)]. The results indicate that Pd3In is more stable than Pt3In.
Surface-sensitive magnetic characterization technique for ultrathin ferromagnetic film with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Wan Yi , Xue Mingzhu , Cheng Xing , Peng Yuxuan , Li Pan , Yang Shiqi , Liu Mingyan , Kan Erjun , Yang Jinbo , Dai Lun
Published: June 2020

Ultrathin ferromagnetic films display a wealth of spectacular characteristics, one of which is that two-dimensional ferromagnetism is stabilized exclusively by magnetic anisotropies. In this work, we experimentally demonstrated the realization of ultrathin yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12) films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy by pulsed laser deposition. A labyrinthine magnetic domain configuration in Y3Fe5O12 was identified by magnetic force microscopy, qualitatively determining that the magnetic moment possesses an out-of-plane component. Magnetic moments in the Y3Fe5O12 film were investigated by using a vibrating sample magnetometer and magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy. Due to the surface sensitivity, the characterization technique based on magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy presents as a high-resolution magneto-optical method to determine the magnetic property quantitatively, which has an advantage over the vibrating sample magnetometer technique commonly used for bulk crystals or powders, especially when the paramagnetic background from the supporting substrate is non-negligible. Our work introduces the burgeoning material synthesis and processing technology, and miscellaneous characterization techniques into the study of conventional magnetic oxide films, providing powerful supplements to the detection and modulation of magnetism at the nanoscale.
Characterization of epitaxial titanium nitride mediated single-crystal nickel oxide grown on MgO-(100) and Si-(100)
Authors: Liang Jian-Wei , Li Kuang-Hui , Kang Chun Hong , Braic Laurentiu , Kiss Adrian Emil , Zoita Nicolae Catalin , Ng Tien Khee , Ooi Boon S.
Published: June 2020

Single-crystal nickel oxide (NiO) was grown, using epitaxial titanium nitride (TiN) as a preorienting interlayer, on both the lattice-matching substrate of magnesium oxide in the (100) surface orientation, MgO-(100), and a lattice-mismatched silicon (100) substrate, Si-(100), by high-temperature pulsed-laser deposition. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of its kind in the literature. The high-temperature sputter-deposited TiN interlayer is crucial for forming a bottom contact for the implementation of a device, and as a lattice-matching layer for NiO and MgO. The structural, surface-related, and elemental properties of the as-grown NiO/TiN/MgO(100) and NiO/TiN/Si(100) samples were determined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), thin-film x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy in conjunction with energy-dispersed x-ray spectroscopy. XRD rocking curve data confirmed that the NiO layers were single crystalline on both template substrates, and the structural quality of NiO/TiN on the lattice-matching MgO substrate surpassed that on the Si substrate. XRD φ-scan data confirmed the cube-on-cube stacking of NiO and TiN. An analysis of HRTEM fast Fourier transform (FFT) images further confirmed the single crystallinity of the NiO and TiN layers, while lattice mismatches at the NiO/TiN, TiN/MgO, and TiN/Si interfaces were examined using the FFT line profile measurements of HRTEM. The resulting thin film of single-crystalline NiO can be used as a transparent conducting electrode in group-III oxide and group-III nitride semiconductor devices, and in such electrochemical processes as solar hydrogen generation and nitrogen reduction reactions.
A comparative study of survival, recruitment and population growth in two translocated populations of the threatened greater bilby (Macrotis lagotis)
Authors: Berris Karleah K. , Cooper Steven J. B. , Breed William G. , Berris Joshua R. , Carthew Susan M.
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Context Translocations have been widely used to re-establish populations of threatened Australian mammalian species. However, they are limited by the availability of sites where key threats can be effectively minimised or eliminated. Outside of ‘safe havens’, threats such as exotic predators, introduced herbivores and habitat degradation are often unable to be completely eliminated. Understanding how different threats affect Australian mammal populations can assist in prioritising threat-management actions outside of safe havens.
AimsWe sought to determine whether translocations of the greater bilby to two sites in the temperate zone of South Australia could be successful when human-induced threats, such as prior habitat clearance, historic grazing, the presence of feral cats and European rabbits, could not be completely eliminated.
Methods Greater bilbies were regularly cage trapped at two translocation sites and a capture–mark–recapture study was used to determine survival, recruitment and population growth at both sites.
Key results Our study showed that bilbies were successfully translocated to an offshore island with a previous history of grazing and habitat clearance, but which was free of exotic predators. At a second site, a mainland exclosure with feral cats and European rabbits present, the bilby population declined over time. Adult bilbies had similar survival rates in both populations; however, the mainland bilby population had low recruitment rates and low numbers of subadults despite high adult female fecundity.
ConclusionsThe results indicated that past grazing and habitat clearance did not prevent the bilby population on the offshore island establishing and reaching a high population density. In the mainland exclosure, the low recruitment is probably due to feral cats predating on subadult bilbies following pouch emergence.
Implications The results demonstrated that the bilby, an ecologically flexible Australian marsupial, can be successfully translocated to sites with a history of habitat degradation if exotic predators are absent. At the mainland exclosure site, threat mitigation for bilbies should focus on control or eradication of the feral cats. The control of European rabbits without control of feral cats could lead to prey-switching by feral cats, further increasing predation pressure on the small bilby population.
The effects of task repetition across modalities and proficiency levels
Authors: Sánchez Alberto J. , Manchón Rosa M. , Gilabert Roger
Published: June 2020

Research on task repetition (TR) has consistently showed beneficial effects for L2 oral production
in terms of CAF measures (complexity, accuracy, and fluency). However, open questions exist regarding the
modality-dependency and proficiency-dependency of TR learning affordances. To advance research in these two areas, the
study reported in this chapter investigated TR across modalities and L2 proficiency levels. The participants were 29
(16 high-school and 13 university) Spanish EFL learners who completed a decision-making task twice, either orally or
in writing. Their task performance was assessed in terms of CAF measures using a wide range of indices. Results
confirm some of the previous predictions regarding the modality-dependency of TR effects, and additional
modality-related effects were also found. These findings shed light on the greater language learning affordances of
writing as compared to those created by speaking tasks.
Interpreting is interpreting
Authors: Downie Jonathan
Published: June 2020

This article argues that the use of interpreting settings as theoretical categories is no longer empirically sound. Instead, research should focus on the commonalities of all interpreting practice. This move is viewed as an enabling shift for the creation of Comparative Interpreting Studies, a strand dedicated to considering interpreting as a global practice. After discussing the rationale for the current use of interpreting settings as analytical categories, evidence from a variety of existing settings is used to illustrate the commonalities between all instances of interpreting and the fuzziness of the boundaries between these settings. It is argued that using interpreting settings leads to silo thinking, where researchers focus on research in the setting in which they are working, even when findings from other settings can be applied. The article ends with a discussion of the theoretical and practical potential of this move including the power of a comparative approach.