bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low Antigen Dose in Adjuvant-Based Vaccination Selectively Induces CD4 T Cells with Enhanced Functional Avidity and Protective Efficacy
Authors: Billeskov Rolf , Wang Yichuan , Solaymani-Mohammadi Shahram , Frey Blake , Kulkarni Shweta , Andersen Peter , Agger Else Marie , Sui Yongjun , Berzofsky Jay A.
Published: March 2017

T cells with high functional avidity can sense and respond to low levels of cognate Ag, a characteristic that is associated with more potent responses against tumors and many infections, including HIV. Although an important determinant of T cell efficacy, it has proven difficult to selectively induce T cells of high functional avidity through vaccination. Attempts to induce high-avidity T cells by low-dose in vivo vaccination failed because this strategy simply gave no response. Instead, selective induction of high-avidity T cells has required in vitro culturing of specific T cells with low Ag concentrations. In this study, we combined low vaccine Ag doses with a novel potent cationic liposomal adjuvant, cationic adjuvant formulation 09, consisting of dimethyldioctadecylammonium liposomes incorporating two immunomodulators (monomycolyl glycerol analog and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid) that efficiently induces CD4 Th cells, as well as cross-primes CD8 CTL responses. We show that vaccination with low Ag dose selectively primes CD4 T cells of higher functional avidity, whereas CD8 T cell functional avidity was unrelated to vaccine dose in mice. Importantly, CD4 T cells of higher functional avidity induced by low-dose vaccinations showed higher cytokine release per cell and lower inhibitory receptor expression (PD-1, CTLA-4, and the apoptosis-inducing Fas death receptor) compared with their lower-avidity CD4 counterparts. Notably, increased functional CD4 T cell avidity improved antiviral efficacy of CD8 T cells. These data suggest that potent adjuvants, such as cationic adjuvant formulation 09, render low-dose vaccination a feasible and promising approach for generating high-avidity T cells through vaccination.
Adamantinoma Arising in the Distal End of the Fibula
Authors: Yoshida Shinichirou , Murakami Takashi , Suzuki Kentarou , Itou Shigemi , Watanuki Munenori , Hosaka Masami , Hagiwara Yoshihiro
Published: March 2017

Adamantinoma is a rare, low-grade, malignant bone tumor. It frequently occurs in the tibia but rarely arise in the distal end of the fibula. This study reported a case of adamantinoma arising in the distal end of the fibula, resulting in good prognosis. A 38-year old female felt left ankle pain, and was suspected as having a bone tumor at the distal end of the fibula by X-ray. She was diagnosed as the classical adamantinoma of the fibula by open biopsy. En bloc wide resection of the tumor, primary arthrodesis of the ankle was performed. During the follow-up period of 7 years after the surgery, she has lived without any metastasis and local recurrence. A wide resection and arthrodesis of the ankle joint can provide a good outcome for adamantinoma arising in the end of the fibula.
Osteosarcoma of the Larynx: Treatment Outcomes and Patterns of Failure Analysis
Authors: Bennion Nathan R. , Baine Michael J. , Malouff Timothy , Zhen Weining
Published: March 2017

The incidence of laryngeal sarcoma is exceedingly low with osteosarcomas of the larynx being rarer still, comprising less than 1% of all associated malignancies. To date, only 32 cases have been reported since this pathologic entity was first described in 1942. In this article, we discuss the most recent case of laryngeal osteosarcoma in a patient presenting with respiratory distress found to be due to a tumor mass arising from her cricoid cartilage. We further summarize current knowledge regarding the epidemiology, presentation, and diagnosis of this uncommon disease. Lastly, we synthesize all available information regarding treatment and outcomes of the 32 previously described cases of osteosarcoma of the larynx as well as the presently described case in an attempt to offer some insight regarding optimal treatment in future cases.
Factors associated with and prevalence of depressive features amongst older adults in an urban city in eastern China
Authors: Shao Ping , Xu Yong , Pan Chen-Wei
Published: March 2017

Background: Mental health problems have become serious for older Chinese adults who have lived through the process of urbanisation. This current research aimed to determine the prevalence of and associated factors for depressive features in a community-based sample of older adults in China.Methods: A community-based survey of 4077 adults aged 60 or older was conducted in Suzhou, China. Information including demographic characteristics, health behaviours, social support, disease histories and physical function was collected using a pre-designed questionnaire. Depressive features were assessed using the self-rating depression scale. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify associated factors for depression.Results: The overall prevalence of depressive features in the surveyed population was 47.4% (45.9% in men and 48.5% in women). In a multiple logistic regression analysis, the significant variables of depressive features were no fixed occupation (odds ratio [OR] = 0.28; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.21–0.37), doing non-technical and service work (OR = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.19–0.28) or being a manager and technical personnel (OR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.19–0.32), physical activities (OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.61–0.82), never taking dietary supplements (OR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.58–0.91), not having hobbies (OR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.15–1.56), never interacting with neighbours (OR = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.28–2.50), cold relationship with a spouse (OR = 3.34; 95% CI: 1.18–9.45) and limited activities of daily living (OR = 2.27; 95% CI: 1.91–2.69).Conclusion: There is an urgent need for public policy interventions to address depression in elderly people located in Suzhou in China.
Construction Stakeholder Management
Authors: Sankaran Shankar
Published: March 2017

Construction Stakeholder Management Ezekiel Chiniyo and Paul Olomolaiye (eds), Wiley-Blackwell: Chichester, UK 2010, i-xxiv 1-392 pp, ISBN 978-1-4051-8098-6 (hardback)
Cost Analyses of Measures to Improve Residential Energy Ratings to 6 Stars - Playford North Development, South Australia
Authors: Belusko Martin , O'Leary Timothy
Published: March 2017

This paper reports the results of a study on the cost implications of achieving greater energy efficiency as measured by House Energy Rating(HER) ‘stars’ for new housing on a greenfield development in the northern suburbs of Adelaide. Twelve house designs typical of the housing options available from a number of builders engaged with this development were modeled using the 2nd generation Building Code of Australia (BCA) accredited energy rating assessment tool AccuRate. Where the model predicted a rating below the minimum rating (6 star) proposed under the recently agreed Commonwealth of Australia, National Energy Efficiency strategy, the designs were modified in order to improve the rating to 6 stars using a combination of specification changes and energy efficient technology options. These changes or options were then priced at prevailing building suppliers and subcontractors retail cost levels in order that an average ‘extra cost to 6 star’ and range of indicative costs to achieve 6 star housing compliance could be articulated. The results revealed that standard and currently available technologies, such a reflective foil barriers, increased insulation and low emissivity ‘e’ type glazing provide a means to achieving 6 star ratings at a modest additional cost, i.e. 1-2% of total construction and development costs.
Secondary Organic Aerosol from Atmospheric Photooxidation of
Indole
Authors: Montoya Julia , Horne Jeremy R. , Hinks Mallory L. , Fleming Lauren T. , Perraud Veronique , Lin Peng , Laskin Alexander , Laskin Julia , Dabdub Donald , Nizkorodov Sergey A.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Indole is a heterocyclic compound emitted by various plant species under stressed conditions or during flowering events. The formation, optical properties, and chemical composition of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed by low-NOx photooxidation of indole were investigated. The SOA yield (1.1 ± 0.3) was estimated from measuring the particle mass concentration with a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and correcting it for the wall loss effects. The SOA particles were collected on filters and analysed offline with UV-Vis spectrophotometry to measure the mass absorption coefficient (MAC) of the bulk sample. The samples were visibly brown and had MAC values of ~7 m2/g at λ = 300 nm and ~2 m2/g at λ = 400 nm, comparable to strongly absorbing brown carbon emitted from biomass burning. The chemical composition of SOA was examined with several mass spectrometry methods. The direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) and nanospray desorption electrospray high resolution mass spectrometry (nano-DESI-HRMS) were used to provide information about the overall distribution of SOA compounds. High performance liquid chromatography, coupled to photodiode array spectrophotometry and high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-HRMS) was used to identify chromophoric compounds. Indole derivatives, such as tryptanthrin, indirubin, indigo dye, and indoxyl red were found to contribute significantly to the visible absorption spectrum of indole SOA. The potential effect of indole SOA on air quality was explored with the airshed model, which found elevated concentrations of indole SOA during the afternoon hours contributing considerably to the total organic aerosol under selected scenarios. Because of its high MAC values, indole SOA can contribute to decreased visibility and poor air quality.
Overestimation of closed-chamber soil CO2 effluxes at low atmospheric turbulence
Authors: Brændholt Andreas , Steenberg Larsen Klaus , Ibrom Andreas , Pilegaard Kim
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Soil respiration (Rs) is an important component of ecosystem carbon balance, and accurate quantification of the diurnal and seasonal variation of Rs is crucial for a correct interpretation of the response of Rs to biotic and abiotic factors, as well as for estimating annual soil CO2 efflux rates. In this study, we measured Rs hourly for 1 year by automated closed chambers in a temperate Danish beech forest. The data showed a clear diurnal pattern of Rs across all seasons with higher rates during night-time than during daytime. However, further analysis showed a clear negative relationship between flux rates and friction velocity (u∗) above the canopy, suggesting that Rs was overestimated at low atmospheric turbulence throughout the year due to non-steady-state conditions during measurements. Filtering out data at low u∗ values removed or even inverted the observed diurnal pattern, such that the highest effluxes were now observed during daytime, and also led to a substantial decrease in the estimated annual soil CO2 efflux. By installing fans to produce continuous turbulent mixing of air around the soil chambers, we tested the hypothesis that overestimation of soil CO2 effluxes during low u∗ can be eliminated if proper mixing of air is ensured, and indeed the use of fans removed the overestimation of Rs rates during low u∗. Artificial turbulent air mixing may thus provide a method to overcome the problems of using closed-chamber gas-exchange measurement techniques during naturally occurring low atmospheric turbulence conditions. Other possible effects from using fans during soil CO2 efflux measurements are discussed. In conclusion, periods with low atmospheric turbulence may provide a significant source of error in Rs rates estimated by the use of closed-chamber techniques and erroneous data must be filtered out to obtain unbiased diurnal patterns, accurate relationships to biotic and abiotic factors, and before estimating Rs fluxes over longer timescales.
Central Arctic Ocean paleoceanography from ~ 50 ka to present, on the basis of ostracode faunal assemblages from SWERUS 2014 expedition
Authors: Gemery Laura , Cronin Thomas M. , Poirier Robert K. , Pearce Christof , Barrientos Natalia , O’Regan Matt , Johansson Carina , Koshurnikov Andrey , Jakobsson Martin
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Late Quaternary paleoceanographic changes in the central Arctic Ocean were reconstructed from a multicore and gravity core from the Lomonosov Ridge (Arctic Ocean) collected during the 2014 SWERUS-C3 Expedition. Ostracode assemblages dated by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) indicate changing sea-ice conditions and warm Atlantic Water (AW) inflow to the Arctic Ocean from ~ 50 ka to present. Key taxa used as environmental indicators include Acetabulastoma arcticum (perennial sea ice), Polycope spp. (productivity and sea ice), Krithe hunti (partially sea-ice free conditions, deep water inflow), and Rabilimis mirabilis (high nutrient, AW inflow). Results indicate seasonally sea-ice free conditions during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 (~ 57–29 ka), rapid deglacial changes in water mass conditions (15–11 ka), seasonally sea-ice free conditions during the early Holocene (~ 10–7 ka) and perennial sea ice during the late Holocene. Comparisons with faunal records from other cores from the Mendeleev and Lomonosov Ridges suggest generally similar patterns, although sea-ice cover during the last glacial maximum may have been less extensive at the southern Lomonosov Ridge at our core site (~ 85.15° N, 152° E) than farther north and towards Greenland. The new data also provide evidence for abrupt, large-scale shifts in ostracode species depth and geographical distributions during rapid climatic transitions.
Quantifying hydrologic connectivity of wetlands to surface water systems
Authors: Ameli Ali A. , Creed Irena F.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Hydrologic connectivity among wetlands is poorly characterized and understood. Our inability to quantify this connectivity compromises our understanding of the potential impacts of wetland loss on watershed structure, function and water supplies. We develop a computationally efficient, physically based subsurface–surface hydrologic model to characterize both the subsurface and surface hydrologic connectivity of geographically isolated wetlands and explore the time and length variations in these connections to a river within the Prairie Pothole Region of North America. Despite a high density of geographically isolated wetlands (i.e., wetlands without surface inlets or outlets), modeled connections show that these wetlands are not hydrologically isolated. Subsurface connectivity differs significantly from surface connectivity in terms of timing and length of connections. Slow subsurface connections between wetlands and the downstream river originate from wetlands throughout the watershed, whereas fast surface connections were limited to large events and originate from wetlands located near the river. This modeling approach provides first ever insight on the nature of geographically isolated wetland subsurface and surface hydrologic connections to rivers, and provides valuable information to support watershed-scale decision making for water resource management.
Fractional Brownian motion, the Matérn process, and stochastic
modeling of turbulent dispersion
Authors: Lilly Jonathan M. , Sykulski Adam M. , Early Jeffrey J. , Olhede Sofia C.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Stochastic process exhibiting power-law slopes in the frequency domain are frequently well modeled by fractional Brownian motion (fBm). In particular, the spectral slope at high frequencies is associated with the degree of small-scale roughness or fractal dimension. However, a broad class of real-world signals have a high-frequency slope, like fBm, but a plateau in the vicinity of zero frequency. This low-frequency plateau, it is shown, implies that the temporal integral of the process exhibits diffusive behavior, dispersing from its initial location at a constant rate. Such processes are not well modeled by fBm, which has a singularity at zero frequency corresponding to an unbounded rate of dispersion. A more appropriate stochastic model is a much lesser-known random process called the Matérn process, which is shown herein to be a damped version of fractional Brownian motion. This article first provides a thorough introduction to fractional Brownian motion, then examines the details of the Matérn process and its relationship to fBm. An algorithm for the simulation of the Matérn process in O(N log N) operations is given. Unlike fBm, the Matérn process is found to provide an excellent match to modeling velocities from particle trajectories in an application to two-dimensional fluid turbulence.
Subharmonic resonant excitation of edge waves by breaking surface waves
Authors: Abcha Nizar , Zhang Tonglei , Ezersky Alexander , Pelinovsky Efim , Didenkulova Ira
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Parametric excitation of edge waves with a frequency 2 times less than the frequency of surface waves propagating perpendicular to the inclined bottom is investigated in laboratory experiments. The domain of instability on the plane of surface wave parameters (amplitude–frequency) is found. The subcritical instability is observed in the system of parametrically excited edge waves. It is shown that breaking of surface waves initiates turbulent effects and can suppress the parametric generation of edge waves.
Terrain changes from images acquired on opportunistic flights by SfM photogrammetry
Authors: Girod Luc , Nuth Christopher , Kääb Andreas , Etzelmüller Bernd , Kohler Jack
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Acquiring data to analyse change in topography is often a costly endeavour requiring either extensive, potentially risky, fieldwork and/or expensive equipment or commercial data. Bringing the cost down while keeping the precision and accuracy has been a focus in geoscience in recent years. Structure from motion (SfM) photogrammetric techniques are emerging as powerful tools for surveying, with modern algorithm and large computing power allowing for the production of accurate and detailed data from low-cost, informal surveys. The high spatial and temporal resolution permits the monitoring of geomorphological features undergoing relatively rapid change, such as glaciers, moraines, or landslides. We present a method that takes advantage of light-transport flights conducting other missions to opportunistically collect imagery for geomorphological analysis. We test and validate an approach in which we attach a consumer-grade camera and a simple code-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver to a helicopter to collect data when the flight path covers an area of interest. Our method is based and builds upon Welty et al. (2013), showing the ability to link GNSS data to images without a complex physical or electronic link, even with imprecise camera clocks and irregular time lapses. As a proof of concept, we conducted two test surveys, in September 2014 and 2015, over the glacier Midtre Lovénbreen and its forefield, in northwestern Svalbard. We were able to derive elevation change estimates comparable to in situ mass balance stake measurements. The accuracy and precision of our DEMs allow detection and analysis of a number of processes in the proglacial area, including the presence of thermokarst and the evolution of water channels.
Oral mucosal lesions in patients with pemphigus and pemphigoid skin diseases: a cross sectional study from southern India.
Authors: Rajendra Santosh Arvind Babu , Reddy Baddam Venkat Ramana , Anuradha Chigurupati , Poosarla Chandrashekar
Published: March 2017

Objective:To assess the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in patients with pemphigus and pemphigoid diseases from Southern India. Design and Methods: A cross-sectional hospital based study was conducted from August 2010 to July 2011. Patients with confirmed pemphigus and pemphigoid skin disease were selected and informed to participate in the study. Oral examination of all participants were done to document site and type of oral manifestation and diagnostic procedures such as histopathological and Immunofluorescence methods were performed to confirm the diagnosis. Demographic details such as age, gender and occupation were also documented. The results of the study were analyzed by SPSS software version 19.0 (Armonk, NY) and presented as descriptive statistics. Results: Sixty percent of the patients exhibited oral mucosal manifestations. A higher female (86.66%) predilection of autoimmune blistering disease was observed in the study. A slightly higher number of pemphigoid patients (53.33%, 16 out of 30) were reported than pemphigus (46.66%, 14 out of 30 cases). The most common subtypes of pemphigus is Pemphigus vulgaris 71% (10 out of 14) among pemphigus, and bullous pemphigoid 87.5%(14 out of 16) among pemphigoid. Buccal mucosa (92.85%) is the most common site in pemphigus patients, where as hard palate (12.5%) is mostly commonly reported site in pemphigoid patients. Initial involvement of oral tissue in disease process was observed in 78.57% of pemphigus, and 12.5% of pemphigoid patients. Conclusion: Oral mucosal lesions are more frequently associated in pemphigus patients. Oral mucosal lesions are the initial site of disease process in pemphigus patients. The significance of diagnosis of oral lesions at earlier stage of disease, specifically pemphigus may help in early intervention of disease and help to reduce the morbidity and mortality state. The study emphasizes multidisciplinary approach in diagnosis and management of both pemphigus and pemphigoid.
Banca ética y banca cooperativa. Un análisis comparativo a través del estudio de Caixa Popular y de Fiare Banca Ética
Authors: Sanchis Palacio Joan Ramon , Pascual García Enrique
Published: March 2017

Los bancos sociales representan en la actualidad una alternativa a la banca convencional, sobre todo para aquellos clientes que demandan un consumo socialmente responsable. La banca social está formada por dos tipos diferentes de entidades de crédito: los bancos cooperativos y los bancos éticos. Los primeros desarrollan su actividad desde hace ya más de un siglo a través de un modelo de banca de proximidad enfocada al territorio. Los segundos llevan tres décadas aproximadamente de funcionamiento, dirigiéndose a la realización de inversiones socialmente responsables (proyectos sociales y medioambientales). En el presente trabajo se analizan las similitudes y diferencias entre ambos modelos de banca social mediante la realización de un ánalisis de casos consistente en un estudio comparativo entre la cooperativa de crédito Caixa Popular y el banco ético Fiare Banca Ética. Del análisis se concluye que ambos modelos de banca social se basan en un sistema democrático y participativo en el que trabajadores y clientes participan activamente en su funcionamiento y ambos contribuyen a la inclusión financiera. En cambio, el modelo de la banca cooperativa es un modelo de proximidad basado en el trato personalizado y directo al cliente a través de las oficinas bancarias, mientras que el modelo de banca ética está basado en la banca electrónica con escasas sucursales.
The Authority of Life: The Critical Task of Dewey's Social Ontology
Authors: Testa Italo
Published: March 2017

In this article I will first reconstruct a Deweyan model of social ontology, based on the process of habituation. Habit ontology leads to a social philosophy that is not merely descriptive, since it involves a critical redescription of the social world. I will argue that a habit-modeled social ontology is critical insofar as it includes an account of social transformation and of the inevitability of social conflict. Such an understanding is based on a diagnosis of social pathologies of our form of life and includes an account of the experience of domination. Accordingly, it is described as a matter of an imbalance of recognition that embodies subjugating patterns and is seen from the critical perspective of freedom understood as emancipation from oppression. This leads to a reconstruction of the genesis of critical attitudes from life's processes of habituation, which leads to an extended naturalist account of social authority.
Dependence Modeling in Energy Markets using Sibuya-type Copulas
Authors: Kolev Nikolai , Pinto Jayme
Published: March 2017

The dependence structure between 756 prices for futures on crude oil and natural gas traded on NYMEX is analyzed  using  a combination of novel time-series and copula tools.  We model the log-returns on each commodity individually by Generalized Autoregressive Score models and account for dependence between them by fitting various copulas to corresponding  error terms. Our basic assumption is that the dependence structure may vary over time, but the ratio between the joint distribution of error terms and the product of marginal distributions (e.g., Sibuya's dependence function) remains the same, being time-invariant.  By performing conventional goodness-of-fit tests, we select the best copula, being member of the currently  introduced class of  Sibuya-type copulas.
Evaluating multi-locus phylogenies for species boundaries determination in the genusDiaporthe
Authors: Santos Liliana , Alves Artur , Alves Rui
Published: March 2017

Background

Species identification is essential for controlling disease, understanding epidemiology, and to guide the implementation of phytosanitary measures against fungi from the genusDiaporthe. AccurateDiaporthespecies separation requires using multi-loci phylogenies. However, defining the optimal set of loci that can be used for species identification is still an open problem.

Methods

Here we addressed that problem by identifying five loci that have been sequenced in 142Diaportheisolates representing 96 species:TEF1,TUB,CAL,HISand ITS. We then used every possible combination of those loci to build, analyse, and compare phylogenetic trees.

Results

As expected, species separation is better when all five loci are simultaneously used to build the phylogeny of the isolates. However, removing the ITS locus has little effect on reconstructed phylogenies, identifying theTEF1-TUB-CAL-HIS4-loci tree as almost equivalent to the 5-loci tree. We further identify the best 3-loci, 2-loci, and 1-locus trees that should be used for species separation in the genus.

Discussion

Our results question the current use of the ITS locus for DNA barcoding in the genusDiaportheand suggest thatTEF1might be a better choice if one locus barcoding needs to be done.
Making Pragmatic Clinical Trials More Pragmatic
Authors: Platt Richard , Bosworth Hayden B. , Simon Gregory E.
Published: October 2024

This Viewpoint discusses pragmatic trials and their role in developing knowledge that can be broadly applicable throughout the health care system.
Validation of the Delphi Consensus Diagnostic Criteria for Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma
Authors: Bassir Fatima , Valido Kailyn , Maciejewski Kaitlin R. , Damsky William , Nelson Caroline A.
Published: October 2024

This diagnostic study validates the Delphi consensus diagnostic criteria for necrobiotic xanthogranuloma compared with its mimics.
Youth Firearm Mortality in the Americas From 2015 to 2022
Authors: Degli Esposti Michelle , Pulcini Christian D. , Fleegler Eric William , Weigend Vargas Eugenio , Vargas Laura , Yock-Corrales Adriana , Hargarten Stephen
Published: October 2024

This cross-sectional study uses national vital statistics on firearm mortality to investigate trends in firearm deaths among youths in the US, Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia.
Bright Light Therapy for Nonseasonal Depressive Disorders
Authors: Menegaz de Almeida Artur , Aquino de Moraes Francisco Cezar , Cavalcanti Souza Maria Eduarda , Cavalcanti Orestes Cardoso Jorge Henrique , Tamashiro Fernanda , Miranda Celso , Fernandes Lilianne , Kreuz Michele , Alves Kelly Francinny
Published: October 2024

Importance

Seasonal humor disorders are prone to have a link with daylight exposure. However, the effect of external light on nonseasonal disorders remains unclear. Evidence is lacking for the validity of bright light therapy (BLT) as an adjunctive treatment for these patients.

Objective

To assess BLT effectiveness as an adjunctive treatment for nonseasonal depressive disorders.

Data Sources

In March 2024, a comprehensive search was performed of publications in the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating BLT effects in patients with nonseasonal depression.

Study Selection

RCTs published since 2000 were eligible. Comparisons between BLT and dim red light or antidepressant monotherapy alone were considered for inclusion.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Using the systematic review approach on RCTs published from January 1, 2000, through March 25, 2024, differences between patients treated with and without BLT were estimated using the Mantel-Haenszel method; heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Remission of symptoms, response to treatment rates, and depression scales were assessed.

Results

In this systematic review and meta-analysis of 11 unique trials with data from 858 patients (649 female [75.6%]), statistically significant better remission and response rates were found in the BLT group (remission: 40.7% vs 23.5%; odds ratio [OR], 2.42; 95% CI, 1.50-3.91; P <.001; I2 = 21%; response: 60.4% vs 38.6%; OR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.46-3.75; P <.001; I2 = 41%). With BLT, subgroup analysis based on follow-up times also showed better remission (<4 weeks: 27.4% vs 9.2%; OR, 3.59; 95% CI, 1.45-8.88; P = .005; I2 = 0% and >4 weeks: 46.6% vs 29.1%; OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.19-4.00; P = .01; I2 = 47%) and response (<4 weeks: 55.6% vs 27.4%; OR, 3.65; 95% CI, 1.81-7.33; P <.001; I2 = 35% and >4 weeks: 63.0% vs 44.9%; OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.01-3.17; P = .04; I2 = 32%) rates.

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this systematic review and meta-analysis reveal that BLT was an effective adjunctive treatment for nonseasonal depressive disorders. Additionally, results suggest that BLT may improve the response time to the initial treatment.
Strategic Changes in Organ Allocation Policy and Outcomes in Pediatric Acute Liver Failure
Authors: Bangerth Sarah , Vijayendra Shrestha , Ascher-Bartlett Johanna , Etasami Kambiz , Kohli Rohit , Emamaullee Juliet
Published: October 2024

This cohort study analyzes the impact of the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network’s policy changes on mortality and post–liver transplant survival for pediatric patients on the waitlist.
Conditional Adversarial Motion Priors by a Novel Retargeting Method for Versatile Humanoid Robot Control
Authors: Zhang Jinlin , Li Zijing , Lu Mengyue , Gan Chunbiao
Published: October 2024

Significant advancements have been made in the field of humanoid robot, particularly in walking control strategies. However, achieving straight‐legged walking remains a challenge. Both the traditional model‐based and the learning‐based control methods confront with difficulties in achieving natural humanoid gait feature. To address this issue, a general motion retargeting method is developed and also evaluated for humanoid robots with different structure, size and degrees of freedom. Moreover, a conditional adversarial motion priors method is proposed based on reinforcement learning and validated on the humanoid robot GTX‐III. Through various motion segments from the motion capture database, it is shown that this method can successfully enable the humanoid robot to perform straight‐legged walking with flexible and natural transitions between different gaits within a single discriminator network.
Electrochemical biosensing of cerium with a tyrosine‐functionalized EF‐hand loop peptide
Authors: Asaei Sogol , Verma Geeta , Sinclair Nicholas S. , Renner Julie N.
Published: October 2024

The significance of easily detecting rare earth elements (REEs) has increased due to the growing demand for REEs. Addressing this need, we present an innovative electrochemical biosensor, focusing on cerium as a model REE. This biosensor utilizes a modified EF‐hand loop peptide sequence, incorporating cysteine for covalent attachment to a gold working electrode and tyrosine as an electrochemically active amino acid. The sensor was designed such that binding to cerium induces a conformational change in the peptide, affecting tyrosine's proximity to the electrode surface, modulating the current. A calibration curve was generated from cyclic voltammetry current peaks at ~0.55–0.65 V versus a silver pseudo‐reference electrode, with cerium concentrations ranging from 0 to 67 μM in artificial urine. The sensor exhibited a biologically relevant limit of detection of 35 μM and a sensitivity of −0.0024 ± 0.002 (μA μM)−1. These findings offer insights into designing peptide sequences for electrochemical biosensing.
Improving the Lithography Sensitivity of Atomically Precise Tin‐Oxo Nanoclusters via Heterometal Strategy
Authors: Chen Weizhou , Wang Liming , Wang Zi‐Rui , Zhu Tao , Ye Yuting , Li Qiao‐Hong , Yi Xiaofeng , Zhang Jian
Published: October 2024

Tin‐oxo clusters are increasingly recognized as promising materials for nanolithography technology due to their unique properties, yet their structural impacts on lithography performance remain underexplored. This work explores the structural impacts of heterometal strategies on the performance of tin‐oxo clusters in nanolithography, focusing on various metal dopants and their coordination geometries. Specifically, SnOC‐1(In), SnOC‐1(Al), SnOC‐1(Fe), and SnOC‐2 were synthesized and characterized. These clusters demonstrate excellent solubility, dispersibility, and stability, facilitating the preparation of high‐quality films via spin‐coating for lithographic applications. Notably, this work innovatively employs Atomic Force Microscopy‐based Infrared Spectroscopy (AFM‐IR), neutron reflectivity (NR), and X‐ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements to confirm film homogeneity. Upon electron beam lithography (EBL), all four materials achieve 50 nm line patterns, with SnOC‐1(In) demonstrating the highest lithography sensitivity. This enhanced sensitivity is attributed to indium dopants, which possess superior EUV absorption capabilities and unsaturated coordination environments. Further studies on exposure mechanisms indicated that Sn−C bond cleavage generates butyl free radicals, promoting network formations that induce solubility‐switching behaviors for lithography. These findings underscore the efficacy of tailored structural design and modulation of cluster materials through heterometal strategies in enhancing lithography performance, offering valuable insights for future material design and applications.
Bulky Phosphazenium Salt Controlling Chemoselective Terpolymerization of Epoxide, Anhydride and CO2: From Well‐Defined Block to Truly Random Copolymers
Authors: Ma Yukun , Wang Zehao , Jiang Lihang , Zhang Jinbo , Ren Chuanli , Kou Xinhui , Liu Shaofeng , Li Zhibo
Published: October 2024

Copolymers with precise compositions and controlled sequences are great appealing for high‐performance polymeric materials, but their synthesis is very challenging. In this study, tetrakis[tris(dimethylamino)phosphoranylidenamino] phosphonium chloride (P5Cl) and triethylboron (TEB) were chosen as the binary catalyst to synthesize both well‐defined block and truly random poly(ester–carbonate) copolymers via the one‐pot/one‐step terpolymerization of epoxide/anhydride/CO2 under metal‐free conditions. The bulky nature of phosphazenium cation not only led to loose cation–anion pairs and enhanced the reactivity, but also provided the chain‐end an appropriate protection and improved the controllability. In particular, P5Cl/TEB with a molar ratio of 1/0.5 showed an extraordinary chemoselectivity for ring‐opening alternating copolymerization (ROAC) of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) and phthalic anhydride (PA) first and then ROAC of CHO/CO2. Thus, well‐defined block polyester–polycarbonate copolymers were synthesized by CHO/PA/CO2 terpolymerization. The chemoselectivity was easily tuned and the ROAC of CHO/PA and ROAC of CHO/CO2 occurred simultaneously with P5Cl/TEB=1/2, producing truly random poly(ester–carbonate) copolymers from CHO/PA/CO2. In addition, this P5Cl/TEB catalyst and the strategy to regulate its chemoselectivity are versatile for various anhydrides, epoxides and initiators. Thus, poly(ester–carbonate) copolymers with varying sequences, compositions, and topologies are successfully synthesized, making it possible to compare their properties and to expand their applications.
Bimetallic Cu11Ag3 Nanotips for Ultrahigh Yield Rate of Nitrate‐to‐Ammonium
Authors: Wang Changhong , Liu Zhengyang , Peng Quanxiao , Xing Dandan , Hu Tao , Du Feng , Li Changming , Ma Ruguang , Yang Hongbin , Guo Chunxian
Published: October 2024

Electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia (NRA) offers a sustainable approach for NH3 production and NO3− removal but suffers from low NH3 yield rate (<1.20 mmol h−1 cm−2). We present bimetallic Cu11Ag3 nanotips with tailored local environment, which achieve an ultrahigh NH3 yield rate of 2.36 mmol h−1 cm−2 at a low applied potential of −0.33 V vs. RHE, a high Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 98.8 %, and long‐term operation stability at 1800 mg‐N L−1 NO3−, outperforming most of the recently reported catalysts. At a NO3− concentration as low as 15 mg‐N L−1, it still delivers a high FE of 86.9 % and an NH3 selectivity of 93.8 %. Finite‐element method and density functional theory calculations reveal that the Cu11Ag3 exhibits reduced adsorption energy barrier of *N intermediates, favorable water dissociation for *H generation and high energy barrier for H2 formation, while its tip‐enhanced enrichment promoting NO3− accumulation.
Synthesis of Quinolines Catalyzed by Bidentate Terpyridine Mn(I) Complex
Authors: Wu Shang , Zhang Penghui , Sun Xin , Li Jiankun , Wang Ningning , Wang Xia , Wang Zhe , Wang Yanbin , Yang Quanlu
Published: October 2024

A method for efficient synthesis of quinolines via acceptorless dehydrogenative condensation is presented. A series of quinolines are obtained by the coupling reaction of 2‐aminobenzyl alcohols with secondary alcohols in the presence of bidentate terpyridine Mn(I) complex in good to excellent yields. Pleasantly, various substituted secondary alcohols and substituted aminobenzyl alcohols all provide quinolines with good functional group tolerance. Importantly, this investigation also provides a green and environmentally friendly protocol for constructing heterocyclic compounds.
A Ratiometric Fluorescence Assay for Detection of Ascorbic Acid Based on N,S Co‐Doped Carbon Dots Combined With Ce4+
Authors: Hu Congcong , Wang Wenjuan , Li Qianwen , Liu Bin , Xiao Fubing , Liu Jinquan , Yang Shengyuan
Published: October 2024

Hence, N,S‐CDs with photoluminescent property were simply synthesized via a one‐step hydrothermal method. Combined with the commercial reagent Ce4+, a ratiometric fluorescence assay for ascorbic acid (AA) detection was established. Ce4+, possessing oxidization, could directly oxidize o‐phenylenediamine (OPD) to form the yellow fluorescent product oxOPD. Under the excitation wavelength of 370 nm, oxOPD had a maximum fluorescence emission at 562 nm. Meanwhile, due to the occurrence of the inner filter effect (IFE), oxOPD quenched the fluorescence of N,S‐CDs. However, ascorbic acid (AA) inhibited the oxidation of Ce4+, causing the fluorescence of oxOPD at 562 nm to decrease, accompanied by an increase in the fluorescence belonging to N,S‐CDs at 450 nm. Thus, a Ce4+‐assisted ratiometric fluorescence method was established for AA detection. The two fluorescence output signals in this method had opposite changing trends, which could reduce system errors and improve the accuracy. This method was successfully applied to the determination of AA in drugs and fruits.
Haloxylon salicornicum Phytochemicals Suppress NF‐κB, iNOS and Pro‐Inflammatory Cytokines in Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Macrophages
Authors: Alruhaimi Reem S. , Hussein Omnia E , Alnasser Sulaiman M. , Elbagory Ibrahim , Alzoghaibi Mohammed A. , Kamel Emadeldin M. , El Mohtadi Mohamed , Mahmoud Ayman M.
Published: October 2024

Haloxylon salicornicum is traditionally used for the treatment of several disorders associated with inflammation. Despite it is a defense response against tissue injury and infections, inflammation can become a chronic condition that can negatively impact the body. This study investigated the effect of H. salicornicum phytochemicals nuclear factor‐kappaB (NF‐κB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cytokines release by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐challenged macrophages in vitro. The binding affinity of the tested phytochemical towards NF‐κB and iNOS was investigated using molecular docking. Ten compounds (four coumarins, three sterols and three flavonoids) were isolated from the ethanolic extract of H. salicornicum. Treatment of LPS‐challenged macrophages with the compounds resulted in remarkable decrease in NF‐κB p65 and iNOS mRNA abundance. All compounds suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the pro‐inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐6) from macrophages challenged with LPS. Molecular docking revealed the ability of the isolated phytochemicals to bind NF‐κB p65 and iNOS. In conclusion, H. salicornicum is a rich source of phytochemicals with anti‐inflammatory properties. The anti‐inflammatory efficacy of H. salicornicum phytoconstituents is mediated via their ability to modulate NF‐κB and iNOS, and suppress the release of NO, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 from macrophages.
Optimizing Transfection Efficiency of Spermine Polar Head Cholesterol‐Based Cationic Lipids with Amino Acid Linker
Authors: Thongbamrer Chopaka , Kunkeaw Nawapol , Nguitragool Wang , Roobsoong Wanlapa , Sattabongkot Jetsumon , Opanasopit Praneet , Yingyongnarongkul Boon‐ek
Published: October 2024

In this work, a series of spermine polar head cholesterol‐based cationic lipids with various amino acid spacers were synthesized and evaluated as non‐viral gene delivery systems. The physicochemical properties of the resulting lipoplexes, formed from these lipids and DOPE, were assessed, including zeta‐potential, DNA binding and DNA protection from serum. Transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity were examined under serum‐free and 10–40 % serum‐containing conditions. The results showed that the physicochemical properties of cationic lipids, both with and without amino acid spacers, were not significantly different. Cationic liposomes composed of lipid Sper‐Ahx‐Chol, which has a 6‐aminohexanoic acid spacer, and DOPE exhibited greater transfection efficiency in HeLa cells compared to Lipofectamine3000, both in the absence and presence of 10–40 % serum. Additionally, lipid Sper‐His‐Chol with a histidine spacer and Sper‐Ahx‐Chol showed higher efficiency than Lipofectamine3000 against HEK293T under 40 % serum conditions. These results suggest that the incorporation of amino acids into the cationic lipids can significantly enhance their DNA delivery efficiency. Specifically, certain amino acid modifications improved transfection efficiency while maintaining low cytotoxicity. Our findings highlight the potential of amino acid‐tailored cationic lipids as promising vectors for enhanced DNA delivery.
Challenges in the diagnosis and management of dry tamponade
Authors: Tiwana Jasleen , Kearney Kathleen E. , Lombardi William L. , Azzalini Lorenzo
Published: October 2024

Dry tamponade is a rare complication of percutaneous coronary intervention. It encompasses a heterogenous pathophysiology and is used to describe hemodynamic compromise secondary to a coronary artery perforation, without free‐flowing fluid in the pericardium. Tamponade physiology can result from compressive epicardial, intramyocardial, subepicardial hematomas, or dissecting intramyocardial hematomas. The diagnosis of dry tamponade requires hemodynamic derangement in the context of a compressive hematoma as demonstrated by imaging. Although echocardiography can often help identify dry tamponade, additional studies including right heart catheterization, computed tomography, or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging can inform the exact mechanism and help guide management. This article describes a case of dry tamponade, reviews the existing literature on the topic, and offers expert recommendations on diagnosis and management.
Carina: A major determinant in the pathophysiology and treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions
Authors: Zuin Marco , Chiastra Claudio , Morbiducci Umberto , Gallo Diego , Bilato Claudio , Rigatelli Gianluca
Published: October 2024

Over the last decade, several in vivo and computational investigations have significantly advanced our understanding of the pathophysiology of coronary bifurcations, contributing to the enhancement of their percutaneous revascularization. The carina of the coronary bifurcations plays a substantial role in generating their main hemodynamic features, including distinctive flow patterns with secondary flows and specific shear stress patterns. These factors play a pivotal role in determining the susceptibility, development, and progression of atherosclerosis. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of atherosclerosis in coronary bifurcations are complex and multifactorial. Understanding these mechanisms is fundamental to comprehending lesions at the bifurcation level and informing future treatment strategies. This review aims to present the currently available data regarding the pathophysiological and prognostic role of the carina in coronary bifurcations, offering an interpretation of these findings from the perspective of interventional cardiologists, providing valuable insights for their clinical practice.
Multilevel Dynamic System as Molecular Morning‐After Timer
Authors: Riera Micaela B. , Salazar Mario O. , Furlan Ricardo L. E.
Published: October 2024

Systems chemistry aims to develop molecular systems that display emerging properties arising from their network and absent in their individual constituents. Employing reversible chemistry under thermodynamic control represents a valuable tool for generating dynamic combinatorial libraries of interconverting molecules, which may exhibit intriguing collective behaviour. A simple dynamic combinatorial library was prepared using dithioacetal/thiol/disulfide exchanges. Because of the relative reactivities of these reversible reactions, the library constitutes a two‐layer dynamic system with one layer active in an acid medium (thiol/dithioacetal exchange) and one layer active in a basic medium (thiol/disulfide exchange). This property enables the system to respond to momentary changes in acidity of the medium by activating different network regions, channeling some building blocks from one layer to another through shared thiol reagents (nodes). This momentaneous change in wiring affects the final steady state composition of the library, measured the next day, even though the event that caused it vanishes without leaving any residue. Therefore, the final composition of this dynamic system provides information about this transient past perturbation in the environment such as: when it occurred, how long it was, or how intense it was.