bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of a crack growth model using observed cracks in a bridge
Authors: Maljaars Johan , Paulissen Joep
Published: February 2021

Fatigue life or crack growth predictions that use information from crack inspections have been applied to offshore structures and, in recent years, also to steel bridges. Apart from inspection data, a probabilistic crack growth model and knowledge of the distributions and correlations of the variables are required for such predictions. The performance and validity of such predictions has been demonstrated in laboratory environments but validations for actual, practical situations are currently lacking because of a lack of field data. In particular, realistic distributions and correlations for practice are difficult to obtain. This situation, however, has now changed. Extensive inspections of a specific bridge came recently available, showing multiple cracks in similar details. This provides unique data for validation purposes. This paper uses the inspection data to demonstrate the validity of probabilistic crack growth predictions for this real application.
Hammersmith Flyover – Strengthening of a Prestressed Segmental Bridge
Authors: Moore Stuart , Jackson Paul
Published: February 2021

Hammersmith Flyover is an early precast segmental bridge. The original prestress was found to be deteriorating seriously in early 2012 requiring emergency strengthening to critical sections later that year. The bridge owner, Transport for London (TfL), decided in anticipation of further deterioration that new prestress should be installed to make the structure independent of the original and allow for the possibility of it eventually becoming completely ineffective. The project is believed to be unique in fully replacing the prestress in a bridge where it was not possible to remove the original. The design, approach and challenges are described. The project made use of innovative materials such as Ultra High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC). Major project constraints included the form of the bridge which left little space for the new prestress and the requirement to keep the bridge open to traffic and minimise disruption to traffic below.
Viaduct over River Almonte. Site Control and Supervision
Authors: Capellán Guillermo , Martínez Javier , Merino Emilio , García-Arias Pascual , Arribas David , Jiménez Pablo
Published: February 2021

With a 384 m long main span, this arch bridge sets a new world record as the longest span on a single concrete arch bridge used for high speed trains. Almonte’s span is considerable even when compared with non-railway concrete arch bridges.

The arch has been erected by cantilever method construction with the aid of temporary cable- stays from two temporary steel towers (using form travellers specially designed for this bridge). The deck is constructed using an overhead movable scaffolding system. This article summarizes the site control activities and special operations undertaken during the structure erection, as the monitoring system, the geometrical control and some aspects of calculation related to its construction.
The Submerged Floating Tube Bridge: The invisible bridge crossing the Bjørnafjord
Authors: Minoretti Arianna , Myhr Anders , Atle Haugerud Stein , Sekse Jorunn , Fjell Egeberg Tale
Published: February 2021

A submerged floating tube bridge (SFTB) is a bridge hidden below the water surface and thus, able to preserve the landscape and to lower the noise impact on the fjord environment. A twin tube STFB with a main span of 5100 m has been proven to be a feasible, robust, safe and competitive solution to cross the Bjørnafjord.

Horizontal stability is ensured by the use of a space frame structure between the tubes, resulting in beam-like construction. Two alternatives have been proposed for the vertical stabilization: tension leg tethers or floating pontoons. The design has undergone rigorous response analyses, proving that the concept has a low sensitivity to changes in the design or the environmental loads. Collisions of submarines on the main tubes or tethers has been evaluated, together with the possibility of a collision of a ship on a pontoon. Fires and explosions have been assessed thoroughly, considering the safety procedures from the preliminary design of the structure.

The necessary marine operations for the installation phases have been detailed and the serviceability life for the structure has been analysed together with the maintenance for a safe and robust design.

The adaptability and robustness of the structure to the site recalls to the possible application for international similar crossings and the structure shows a high potential in the pre-casting field.
Retrofitting of old steel railway truss bridges by implementing new concrete deck slab
Authors: Ivanov Stoyan , Geier Roman
Published: February 2021

This paper presents one idea for prolonging life time of old steel railway truss bridges by replacing the steel open deck elements with a concrete slab and ballastless track system. The authors believe that the idea could be beneficial for those steel railway truss bridges that have a track on the top chord level and in which the main trusses are in a relatively good condition. The effect of the additional weight of the concrete on the main trusses on the one hand is “compensated” by transforming the steel trusses into composite ones. On the other it could be reduced by optimization of the section of the new concrete deck elements by using UHPC precast elements and the introduction of the balastless track systems. The influence of the new concrete deck in the static and dynamic behaviour of such bridge is illustrated in the paper by an elaborated example.
Improvement of fatigue resistance through box-action for I-girder composite bridges
Authors: Vestman Victor Johan , Collin Peter , Häggström Jens
Published: February 2021

When strengthening existing I-girder composite bridges one idea is to make the cross section act like a box section, by adding a horizontal truss between the bottom flanges. This means that eccentric loads produce a torque that is transferred by shear forces around the section. The magnitude of the effects coming from introducing such a framework between girders is addressed in this article. The fatigue resistance will be improved by the reduced stress ranges and increased amount of tolerated load cycles and extend the lifetime of the details, and by so the lifetime for the bridge. The work described in the paper is part of the European R&D project Prolonging Life Time of Old Steel and Steel-Concrete Bridges (ProLife), RFCS 2015-00025
The effect of confining concrete on strut capacity inside massive pile caps
Authors: Ravn Uffe Graaskov , Kleissl Kenneth
Published: February 2021

Reinforced concrete pile caps in bridge engineering are often massive structures. Typically, the pile cap span to depth ratio is so small that it acts as a deep member, which in practice is usually de- signed by strut-and-tie models (STMs). The strength of a concrete strut in a STM depends on the state of stress and the orientation of the cracks. Design codes like Eurocode provide simplified and conservative values for the allowable compressive strength. Only limited research regarding the allowable strength of a strut is available in the literature, most of which is based on deep beams. In this paper it is investigated whether the codified efficiency factors for STM struts are also valid for a three-dimensional bulging strut in a pile cap. This has been done by comparison of the design approach usually used in practice with a range of experimental test results of pile caps found in the literature.
The Influence of Concrete Filling on the Fatigue Behaviour of Tubular Steel Bridge Joints
Authors: De Backer Hans , Outtier Amelie , Stael Dries
Published: February 2021

Concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) elements are a new technique which recently became very popular in bridge constructions due to the many advantages. The main advantage of these bridges is their aesthetical and elegant design in combination with a high strength and ductility. Moreover this technique allows fast and economical construction methods. Despite of the increasing use and interest in this technique the technological know-how and insight is rather limited. Currently no design codes are available yet and the knowledge about the fatigue behaviour is very limited. In this paper the fatigue behaviour of concrete filled T-joints is investigated using a numerical model and focusing on the hot spot stresses. Next the results of the final model were compared with an unfilled model and a model with steel diaphragms. From these results it is clear that the concrete filling improves the fatigue strength of the nodes under the condition of a perfect filling method.
Influence of the Concrete Strength, Cylindrical Specimen Size and the Type of Laboratory in Determining the Compressive Strength of Concrete
Authors: da Silva Araújo Suélio , Guimarães Gilson Natal , Bortolacci Geyer André Luiz
Published: February 2021

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the results obtained for testing the compressive strength by means of an interlaboratory test program in hardened concrete, developed in two different laboratories in the Goiânia, GO region, to identify and assess the influence of some factors affecting the results of compressive strength test. For this, we sought to determine the outcome of compressive strength, the influence of the concrete (Class C30 and CAR - High Strength Concrete), the size of the body of proof cylindrical (100 mm x 200 mm and 150 mm x 300 mm) and the type of laboratory. It was concluded that the type of concrete and type of lab results influenced the compressive strength. Moreover, it is noteworthy that the bodies of evidence dimension 100 mm x 200 mm of concrete Class C30 and of CAR (Class C60) presented the results with the highest dispersion.
Almonte Viaduct. Construction Process
Authors: Arribas David , Cavero Pedro , Carnero David , Jiménez Pablo
Published: February 2021

The Almonte Viaduct is a huge challenge for those who have been involved in the construction of this singular structure. Never a viaduct like this was built for a railway line. New construction processes and techniques have been implemented during the construction of the different elements of this gorgeous viaduct. This article describes the most notable aspects during the construction of the bridge.
Analysis of Material Properties and Weldability of Steel in Old Railway Bridges
Authors: Holowaty Janusz
Published: February 2021

The paper presents an analysis of the material properties of structural steels in 16 railway bridges constructed in the second half of the 19th century. There was little general standardisation in the steel industry and a wide variety of steel grades and types were in use at that time, some of which originated in railway bridge engineering. The chemical compositions and mechanical properties of structural steels were tested in plate girder and truss bridges. For assessing the steel grades, static tensile and hardness tests were used. The weldability of the steels was also determined. Analysis of the current material parameters of the steels was usually carried out on a small number of samples. The tests were extended if there was additional material available from bridges undergoing repair, which avoided any damage to existing bridges. The properties of the steels assessed made it possible to draw up repair or upgrade schemes for the structures tested.
Vibration Control of a High-Speed Railway Bridge Using Multiple Tuned Mass Dampers
Authors: Beygi Heydar , Karoumi Raid
Published: February 2021

In the current article, the Banafjäl Bridge located on the Bothnia line (Botniabanan) in northern Sweden is studied. The bridge is a 40m long composite ballasted high-speed railway bridge. A 3D FE model of the bridge was developed using the commercial FE software, Abaqus. The FE model was calibrated against the measured data of the bridge. The dynamic response of the bridge’s FE model was investigated under the dynamic load of the passing HSLM-A trains using modal dynamic analysis. The vertical acceleration induced by excitation of the passing train exceeded the permissible limit of 3.5 m/s2 for the speed range of 220-240 km/h. Thus, damping solutions using multiple tuned mass dampers (MTMDs) were investigated. According to the results of this study, a 4 tonnes MTMD system consisting of 5 parallel TMDs attached to the mid-span of the bridge could effectively control the undesired vibration of the bridge in both warm and cold seasons.
The Ship Lift at Three Gorges Dam, China – World’s Largest Elevator
Authors: Akkermann Jan , Wu Xiaoyun
Published: February 2021

The ship lift at the Three-Gorges-Dam in China will be the largest of its kind worldwide. The entire structure is nearing completion. Within four reinforced concrete towers a steely ship chamber supported by ropes with counterweights will be lifted up to 113 m. This results in nearly 33.000 tons of moved masses. The article presents the structural aspects of the project from the design to the execution.
Particular Stability Aspects of Temporary Works Equipment
Authors: Hertle Robert , Hertle Thomas
Published: February 2021

When analysing the stability of temporary works equipment some structural peculiarities like the easy to erect, easy to dismantle character of the structure, the influence of shear stiffness on the deformation behaviour, not negligible eccentricities both concerning the load application and within the structural system, semi-rigid joints, the structure-to-structure interaction or the repeat- ed use with loads often touching or even exceeding the characteristic values have to be consid- ered. This paper exemplifies the structural design´s consequences of these peculiarities. Particular emphasis is laid on the interaction between temporary works equipment´s design and production principles, the on-site boundary conditions, the technical and economical restrains and the there- from resulting consequences for the responsible designer.
Design Specifications for Bridge Temporary Works in the United States
Authors: Duntemann John F.
Published: February 2021

Following the collapse of the Route 198 Bridge over the Baltimore-Washington Parkway, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) initiated a study to identify the current state of practice in the United States and abroad for designing, constructing, and inspecting the temporary works used to construct highway bridge structures. One of the documents produced from this study was theGuide Design Specifications for Bridge Temporary Works, which was subsequently adopted by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). This paper serves as a brief summary and selected details of theAASHTO Guide Design Specifications.
Study on the key issues of the wheel-spoke shaped pretension structure system
Authors: Zhang Yueqiang , Zhang Zheng , Ding Jiemin
Published: February 2021

The wheel-spoke shaped pretension structure which is one of the architects' favorite structure types has the advantages of reasonable stress, beautiful design, and it can fit with the architectural aesthetics smoothly. Through studying on the geometrical parameters of the wheel-spoke shaped pretension structure, we find out the rational ratio range of compression ring outside to the tension ring inside. In order to improve the structures' bearing performance, we also bring out the idea that the structural boundary can be misaligned with the architectural boundary. Besides, we find that the support column in the place of the compression ring outside can improve structural stiffness, and we analysis the column's influence to the structural bearing performance. At last, by studying the suspended column's influence to the structural bearing performance and architectural sight line, we figure out the suspended column's rational height.
É necessário ensinar a ler para formar leitores: saberes-fazeres mobilizados por uma professora alfabetizadora considerada bem-sucedida
Authors: Souza Maria Geiziane Bezerra , Silva Alexsandro da
Published: February 2021

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar os saberes-fazeres mobilizados por uma alfabetizadora considerada bem-sucedida, no que concerne ao ensino de leitura. Dialogamos com autores como Soares (2016), Morais (2012), Tardif (2008) e Certeau (1994). Participou do estudo uma professora do 3º ano do ensino fundamental considerada bem-sucedida por diferentes grupos da comunidade escolar. Para produção e análise dos dados, utilizamos observação participante, entrevista de autoconfrontação e análise do conteúdo. Constatamos que a professora compreendia a leitura como um processo de compreensão e produção de sentidos; entendia que só se aprende a ler lendo e que, para alunos com diferentes níveis de apropriação da leitura, era necessário realizar intervenções também diferentes.
Estado del conocimiento de la historiografía de la educación en Tamaulipas siglo XIX
Authors: Álvarez-Cervantes Luisa , Sáenz-Rangel José Rafael
Published: February 2021

El estado de Tamaulipas está ubicado al noreste de México, región geográfica colonizada años más tarde que el centro y el sur del país. Se ha documentado poco del devenir histórico de las primeras instituciones educativas del nivel superior de la entidad. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue presentar el estado actual que guarda el conocimiento de la historiografía de la educación en Tamaulipas del siglo XIX. Se localizaron 22 obras editadas y publicadas entre 1948 y 2018, que recogieron las memorias y experiencias educativas. Se sometieron a un procedimiento, con base en criterios historiográficos, que permitió ordenarlas en historias, biografías, crónicas o memorias. Se agruparon en correspondencia a espacios y temporalidades, en generales o regionales y por periodos históricos. Se describen las obras que hablan de las dos etapas: la inicial, referente a la fundación de las primeras instituciones por maestros republicanos ilustrados; escritas por sus egresados, historiadores por vocación, autores de las primeras historias de la educación estatal, que trabajaron en un marco ilustrado, liberal, republicano y juarista, promotor de ofrecer al pueblo una educación pública, laica, gratuita y obligatoria, en el que quedó institucionalizada la educación superior del estado. La segunda etapa ocurre en el siglo XX, con la creación de la Universidad de Tamaulipas, que sería después la Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, institución que permite formar historiadores de profesión, maestros e historiadores de raigambre decimonónica, que complementan el marco histórico educativo. Este trabajo permite un punto de partida al investigador interesado en continuar con la línea de la historia e historiografía de este tiempo y espacio.
A REVIEW OF STUDY OF STRENGTH AND DURABILITY ON CEMENT WITH ADDITION OF CERAMIC WASTE AND MICRO SILICA
Authors: Vishwakarma Dharmesh Kumar , Gupta Harsh
Published: February 2021

Silica sand smaller than 70 microns can be used as a partial substitute for cement. This study partially demonstrated the properties of cement made of ceramic scrap and micro-silica instead of sand and cement. The effect of this recycled material was investigated by compressive strength tests and durability tests such as water absorption rate, absorption test and sulfate attack test.
Kritik Nalar Integrasi Keilmuan dI PTKIN: Mengusung Keilmuan Tabot dan Domestifikasi Studi Keislaman Berwawasan Kebangsaan
Authors: Iqbal Moch
Published: February 2021

This paper examines the scientific design that combines Islam with a national perspective, which the author calls the Tabot’s scientific . Tabot's scientific design is Islam juxtaposed with local wisdom, to produce a wasathiyah (moderate) Islam. So far, the scientific design at PTKIN only reinforces the scientific dichotomy between science and religion. Such as the science of Spider Web, Tree of Science, Twin Tower and others, all carry the integration of religion and science. Islam itself does not recognize this scientific separation. Using library research (literature study), which is a method that is carried out by collecting data and information from books and writings that are related to the research object which is discussed descriptively-analytic through philosophical studies with a qualitative-rationalistic approach . The results of this study are: first, religion and national locality are like two sides of a coin that cannot be separated. Religion does not exist in a cultural vacuum. Rather, religion always includes two inseparable but distinguishable entities, namely normativity and historicity. Second, it is necessary to ground (domestication), downstream science, both religion and science technology according to the needs of the Indonesian people. So far, the science on campus has been more on the ceiling, in the ivory tower rather than manifesting in beneficial social and technological attitudes. Indonesian scientists are more expert in discourse rather than manifesting in praxis and works.Keywords:  Criticism, Science, Tabot, Integration, Domestification.
Bioclimatic Regularities of Change in the Density of Organic Carbon of the Steppe Soil in Different Regions of the World
Authors: Mazurkin Peter M.
Published: February 2021

The bioclimatic regularities between the average annual precipitation, average annual temperatures and the density of organic carbon in the soil layer of 0-30 cm of the steppes in the regions of the world are given. They are distinguished by a high certainty of quantization by asymmetric wave equations. It turned out that, due to the vibrational adaptation of organic carbon, precipitation and temperature are dependent on each other. For example, the model of the influence of precipitation on temperature includes the first term in the form of Laplace’s law (in mathematics), Mandelbrot’ law (in physics), Zipf-Perl (in biology), and Pareto (in econometrics). The second term is the biotechnical law of the author of the article, which gives the maximum change in the indicator. Both components form a trend that makes it possible to divide the precipitation interval into three stages: (1) with an increase in precipitation from 0 to 60 mm, the temperature decreases according to Mandelbrot’s law from 23.25 to 0.5 0С; (2) from 60 to 2100 mm, the temperature rises to 24 ° C; (3) with a further increase in precipitation over 2100 mm, a slow decrease in temperature occurs. The third term is an asymmetric wavelet with a constant half-period of 367.8 mm. A positive sign shows that in the steppes there is a positive oscillatory adaptation of temperature to changes in precipitation. In the interval of precipitation 0-350 mm, an oscillatory decrease in temperature occurs. It turns out that the first oscillation at 0 mm precipitation begins with a very high temperature gradient of thermal energy. The first interval includes Mongolia and Inner Mongolia. In the second interval of 350- 750 mm, an oscillatory increase in temperature occurs. Then, in the third interval 750-1050 mm, the temperature drops again. The second oscillation with a correlation coefficient of 0.9685 has clear precipitation boundaries in the range of 200-2000 mm. Due to the negative sign, the fluctuation is a crisis, inhibiting the rise in temperature. And the third fluctuation has a positive effect on the temperature. The mechanism of oscillatory adaptation in the steppe soil is so perfect that it changes for itself the conditions of the place where the grass grows. An amplitude-frequency analysis of each oscillation will make it possible to determine the specific particular effects of precipitation and temperature on each other and on the density of organic carbon. It was found that two-factor modeling of the change in the soil organic carbon density makes it possible to achieve an identification error even less than the absolute measurement error.
Dynamic Pricing Research for Container Terminal Handling Charges Based on Demand Forecast
Authors: Wang Wenxiu , Ding Yi
Published: February 2021

A dynamic pricing model was established based on forecasting the demand for container handling of a specific shipping company to maximize terminal profits to solve terminal handling charges under the changing market environment. It assumes that container handling demand depends on the price and the unknown parameters in the demand model. The maximum quasi-likelihood estimation(MQLE) method is used to estimate the unknown parameters. Then an adaptive dynamic pricing policy algorithm is proposed. At the beginning of each period, through dynamic pricing, determining the optimal price relative to the estimation value of the current parameter and attach a constraint of differential price decision. Meanwhile, the accuracy of demand estimation and the optimality of price decisions are balanced. Finally, a case study is given based on the real data of Shanghai port. The results show that this pricing policy can make the handling price converge to the stable price and significantly increase this shipping company's handling profit compared with the original "contractual pricing" mechanism.
Urban Open Space as a Place for Social and Physical Well-being: Narratives from two Different Urban Settings of Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Timalsina Krishna Prasad
Published: February 2021

Increasing population and densification of the cities lead to increasing land value by the high demand of land for housing and other infrastructure developments are the reasons that tend to decreasing open spaces in Kathmandu Valley in general, and Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC) in particular. Urban open space has been considered as a place that is accessible to all residents and is important in the urban context as such space provides an opportunity as a place for social interaction, networking, recreation, and various physical health exercises. However, different social and economic contexts of the society reflect different patterns of its uses.Two different urban settings (core urban areas having indigenous dominant population and fringe urban areas having migrants’ dominant population) have been taken as a basis for analysis in this paper to look at how different urban societies use open spaces differently. Open spaces are not only important for maintaining urban greenery and beauty for the city but are valued for accumulating social capital and enhancing physical well-being to urban communities. These issues are analyzed through the interpretative research methodology by collecting the data through in-depth interviews, key informants’ interviews, informal conversational interviews, and nonparticipatory observation from two different urban settings of KMC.
An Analysis of Natural Factors Affecting the Dispersal and Establishment of Iron Age III (800-550 B.C) Settlements in the Western Zayandeh-Rud River Basin (West and Northwest of Isfahan)
Authors: Dehkordi Masoomeh Taheri , Alian Alamdar
Published: February 2021

Humans are always effect to their surroundings, which makes it possible to create habitable environments and create habitat patterns that fit the surrounding environment. The interaction between human being and environment either in the form of human effect on the environment or the environment effect on the human, cannot be considered out of the environment. According to this approach in archaeology, environmental factors have an important role in assessing settlements in each period. In addition to the recognition of the degree of environmental impact, this approach makes the degree of adaptation of the habitats with the dominant environmental conditions possible. As geospatial tools become more powerful, GIS archaeology has evolved as well, making it possible to visualize ancient settlements and analyze changes in the use of space over time. By incorporating historic map data, physical details of an area’s landscape and known information about past inhabitants, archaeologists can accurately predict the positions of sites with cultural, historical relevance. In this research Iron Age III (800-550 B.C )sites in the west and northwest of Isfahan were studied via GIS. The area studied is one of the most important but unknown areas of archaeological research due to its location in the center of the Iranian plateau and a link between the north-west and the south-west of the country. The environmental characteristics of the studied area have attracted the attention of humans since ancient times.Therefore, it was considered necessary to conduct archaeological excavations. To achieve this goal, the area was first studied archaeologically. As a result of this survey, approximately 50 ancient sites were identified which included the statistical population used for analysis.The effect of environmental variables including altitude, slope (percentage and direction), climate,geological structure, distances and proximity to water resources, land use and proximity to communication paths on the distribution of settlements in the study area was investigated. Through analytical-descriptive method, the factors affecting the formation and distribution of the establishment patterns of the period in question were examind. After analyzing the information and maps, the results indicated that among all the factors, three environmental factors were the most important in the formation of ancient settlements of the Iron Age III era in the west and northwest of Isfahan: factors relating to water resources,proximity to communication paths, and slope percentage and direction.
County-level USA: No Robust Relationship between Geoclimatic Variables and Cognitive Ability
Authors: Pesta Bryan J. , Fuerst John G. R. , Kirkegaard Emil
Published: February 2021

Using a sample of ~3,100 U.S. counties, we tested geoclimatic explanations for why cognitive ability varies across geography. These models posit that geoclimatic factors will strongly predict cognitive ability across geography,even when a variety of common controls appear in the regression equations.Our results generally do not support UV radiation (UVR) based or other geoclimatic models. Specifically, although UVR alone predicted cognitive ability at the U.S. county-level (β = -.33), its validity was markedly reduced in the presence of climatic and demographic covariates (β = -.16), and was reduced even further with a spatial lag (β = -.10). For climate models,average temperature remained a significant predictor in the regression equation containing a spatial lag (β = .35). However, the effect was in the wrong direction relative to typical cold weather hypotheses. Moreover,when we ran the analyses separately by race/ethnicity, no consistent pattern appeared in the models containing the spatial lag. Analyses of gap sizes across counties were also generally inconsistent with predictions from the UVR model. Instead, results seemed to provide support for compositional models.
Numerical Simulation of Resistance Field of Hull-Propeller-Rudder Coupling
Authors: Xie Hong , Zhang Baoji
Published: February 2021

Based on the incompressible RANS equation, the KVLCC1 ship's resistance field's numerical simulation is carried out. In this paper, the bare hull (calm water resistance and wave resistance) and hull-propeller-rudder models are studied and compared with the values of the Hydrostatic resistance test. In the hull-propeller-rudder system's performance analysis, the body force method is used to replace the real propeller model. The new calculation domain is set for the hull-propeller-rudder system model and meshed again to obtain the highly reliable numerical simulation results. Finally, the calculation results are analyzed. The research results in this paper can provide technical support for the resistance of similar ship types.
Research on marine pollution problems and solutions in China from the perspective of marine tourism
Authors: Zheng Yuxiang , Liu Dandan
Published: February 2021

Based on the perspective of marine tourism, this paper integrates various types of marine pollution, and puts forward high-quality development solutions and future extension direction of marine tourism. Through the research, it is found that the main culprits of marine pollution mainly include the following seven points: human activities produce garbage; white pollution; ship pollution; exploration of marine oil and gas resources and mineral pollution; land reclamation; pollution in mariculture industry and new estrogen pollution. The causes of marine pollution and countermeasures are discussed.
Microbial Communities in Water during Red Tides along the Coast of China-A Case Study of Prorocentrum Donghaiense Red Tide in the East China Sea
Authors: Huang Bei , Wei Na , Hu Yuheng , Mao Hongyue
Published: February 2021

Red tides are a major public hazard in the global oceans. The coast of the East China Sea is the sea area where red tide disasters are the most frequent and serious in China. In order to accurately grasp the occurrence of red tides in the coastal waters of the East China Sea, and to understand the microbial communities in the waters during the occurrence of red tides in the East China Sea, a special survey of red tides in the coastal waters of Zhejiang, China was carried out in June 2018. The results showed that nutrient concentrations of N and P were generally high in this area, DIN concentrations in most areas exceeded the permitted limit of Chinese seawater quality grade I. There were significant differences in dissolved oxygen, pH, COD, chlorophyll and phytoplankton abundance of red tides. During the investigation, red tides were found in the waters near the Yushan Islands. The content of chlorophyll a was 42.12mg/m3, the cell abundance of phytoplankton was 8.16×108/L, and the abundance of Prorocentrum edulis accounted for 98.5%. The Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform was used for 16s high-throughput sequencing of water microorganisms, and a total of 16 bacteria were identified. Proteobacteria is the first dominant phylum, followed by Cyanobacteria and Bacteroides. Some differences in bacterial community compositions between HAB and the nearby seawater were observed. The predominant bacteria in the red tide occurrence area were Proteobacteria, comprising 46.1% of the relative abundance; while the predominant bacteria in the nearby sea area, comprising 42.0% of the relative abundance.
Alterations in Quality Parameters of Mastitic Milk
Authors: Azam Maria , Naseer Muhammad Aamir , Mumtaz Kiran , Muzammil Iqra , Atta Khazeena , Ahmed Rais , Islam Aqib Amjad
Published: February 2021

Quality milk production in modern dairy systems is facing many challenges. Salient in them is mastitis which is responsible for decline in milk production, altered milk composition and compromised udder health. The malaise consists of multiple bacterial etiologies which can be broadly classified into contagious pathogens and environmental pathogens S. aureus is being isolated invariably in all epidemiological studies, followed by E. coli. Pathogenic virulence in mastitis is often accounted due to microbial ability of producing wide array of virulence factors that enhances pathogenicity and sustainment potential in the epithelial linings of udder. Mastitis affects quality parameters of milk i.e. constitutional as well as mineral profile due to local damage and inflammatory mediators. It decreases the lactose secretion because of oxidative stress generated due to the formation of free radicals in the milk. In mastitic milk, IgG2 becomes the predominant antibody which is thought to be the main opsonin supporting neutrophil phagocytosis in the bovine mammary gland. Therefore, it plays a significant role in the battle against mastitis pathogens. Mastitis infected cow shows a notable elevated level of the sodium and chlorine and demoted level of calcium, potassium and inorganic phosphorus. In micro minerals, mastitis affects are pretty much same as in most macro minerals i.e. lower down their concentration in milk secretion. Consistent preventive strategy alongside strict surveillance and biosecurity is recommended for combating this challenge.
Dynamics of a discontinuous coupled electro-mechanical system oscillator with strong irrational nonlinearities and with two outputs
Authors: Danao Adile Adoum  , Ali Ramadan  , Samuel Noubissié  , Mahmat Tahir Abakar  , Hervé Simo  , Fabien Kenmogne  , Timothée Thierry Odi Enyegue  , Malloum Soultan
Published: February 2021

The dynamics of the nonlinear electromechanical device, consisting of a mechanical part with two outputs and an electrical part which acts as the server is strongly investigated in the present work. The mechanical part consists of two nonlinear oscillators with strong irrational nonlinearities having smooth or discontinuous characteristics, where nonlinearity is just due to the inclination of springs, the geometric configuration, which are both elastically coupled. While the electrical part is the Rayleigh equation. By using the Lagrangian formulation, the model equations are established and used to investigate the equilibrium points and their stabilities. Nest by using the multiple time scales method, the analytical solutions are found both for the case of large amplitude and the weak amplitude, leading to interesting bifurcation sets of the equilibria by varying the control parameters, the inclination angles and driven frequency. Finally, numerical investigations of the exact equation of the system are used to justify the validity of analytical results and to find new phenomena such as chaotic impulses, chaotic bursting and the train of kink signal generations.
Clinical characteristics of oral mucosal lesions in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and their association with clinical and laboratory parameters
Authors: Lilly Esquivel-Pedraza  , Laura Fernández-Cuevas  , Alba Cicero-Casarrubias  , Sergio Ponce de León-Rosales  , Mónica Fernández-Sánchez  , Rocío Orozco-Topete  , Carla Archer-Dubon  , Ana Lilia Ruelas-Villavicencio  , Marcela Saeb-Lima  , Ma. Guadalupe Ortíz-Pedroza  , Linda García-Hidalgo  , Ma. Josefina Carbajosa-Martínez  , María del Pilar Milke-García  , Judith Domínguez-Chérit  , Silvia Méndez-Flores
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that includes a broad spectrum of mucocutaneous manifestations. Objectives. To characterize the clinical spectrum of oral mucosal lesions in patients with SLE and to analize their association with clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods. We performed a cross-sectional study with systematic oral evaluations in SLE adult patients. Systemic and cutaneous lupus activities were recorded. We collected epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory data. Statistical analysis included the kappa coefficient, X2 test, Fisher’s exact test and Mann-Whitney U-test, adjusting for multiple comparisons according to Bonferroni’s method. Results. A total of 181 patients (92.8% females) were included, with a median age of 37 (range 16-76) years. Cutaneous, systemic, and oral manifestations of lupus erythematosus (LE) activity were found in 31.5%, 23.8% and 18.8% of patients, respectively. Higher titres of anti-double-stranded (ds) DNA antibodies were detected in patients with LE-related oral lesions (LEOL) when compared to those without LEOL [356 (82-1083) UI vs 45 (0-417) UI; p=0.02). LEOL did not correlate to cutaneous (k=0.380) nor systemic (k=0.228) LE-activity (p<0.01). Conclusions. Oral manifestations related to SLE were significantly associated to anti double-ds DNA antibodies. LEOL were independent of cutaneous and systemic activity.
The potential role in HIFU telehealth in the management of fibroid and adenomyosis after COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wu Shun Felix Wong  , Yonghua Xu  , Lian Zhang
Published: February 2021

We come to realize the importance of “telehealth” during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Telehealth can be defined as providing health care, including preventive, diagnostic, and treatment services, by using information and communication technologies such as videoconferencing, electronic messaging, and telephone calls (1). With the rapid development of new treatment technology, communication, and fast speed networks, not only telehealth can provide medical services closer to home, but it also should provide the doctors and patients with additional benefits of safety, effectiveness, and satisfaction. HIFU is a new non-invasive ablation treatment for many solid tumors. This paper illustrates how the potential practice of HIFU ablation for fibroids can be modified to make it suitable for doctors in their HIFU training for treatment of fibroids and adenomyosis and for patients who need surgery using this new telehealth development.
Firstling of the Soviet scientific and practical medicine — 100 year anniversary of the journal «Clinical medicine»
Authors: Simonenko V. B. , Ovchinnikov Yu. V. , Abashin V. G.
Published: February 2021

.
Memories of teachers (it is important that they remain: M.S. Vovsi, V.H. Vasilenko, F.I. Komarov)
Authors: Rapoport S. I.
Published: February 2021

.
Patient Safety Data Sharing and Protection From Legal Discovery
Authors: Suydam Steven , Liang Bryan A. , Anderson Storm , Weinger Matthew B.
Published: February 2021

The Institute of Medicine report, To Err Is Human, recommended that collaborative networks of health care organizations should exchange information regarding medical errors to prevent the same errors from being repeated. Another recommendation, that Congress enact legislation protecting such exchanged information from legal discovery, has not occurred. Even if such legislation does pass, it may conflict with existing federal discovery requirements. Nevertheless, existing state and federal law may offer some protection. The most promising source of existing protection for all members of patient safety collaboratives is 42 U.S.C. §299c-3(c), which extends protection to data collection sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). The Department of Health and Human Services’ confidentiality certificates and state peer review protection laws may offer little if any protection. However, with AHRQ sponsorship and the proper structure, health care organizations may be able to safely exchange information with one another without fear of liability or disclosure of sensitive information.
Physician Event Reporting: Training the Next Generation of Physicians
Authors: Nguyen Quang-Tuyen , Weinberg Joanna , Hilborne Lee H.
Published: February 2021

Physician reporting of adverse events and unsafe situations remains extremely low, despite the increased access to and use of electronic event reporting systems. We implemented an electronic, Web-based event reporting system at five University of California medical center campuses. While these campuses have witnessed approximately a three-fold increase in staff reporting following the implementation of the electronic system in 2003, physician reporting remains low — only 1.7 percent of all submitted reports were from physicians and only 4.5 percent of registered users are attending physicians and house officers. Our experience validates that of others; specifically, physician event reporting is a largely elusive practice. To change this behavior, it may be necessary to start at the beginning — to begin the discussion of error disclosure and adverse event reporting at the time when future physicians are still medical students. There have been several calls for medical schools and academic medical centers to improve patient safety and the quality of health care by explicitly educating and training the next generation of physicians in these areas. Although quality of care is implicit in most medical and other professional school curricula, medical students generally are not given the training necessary to meet the specific challenges outlined by the Institute of Medicine’s Committee on Quality of Health Care in America reports, including To Err Is Human.
Preventing Medication Errors in Ambulatory Care: The Importance of Establishing Regimen Concordance
Authors: Schillinger Dean , Machtinger Eddie , Wang Frances , Rodriguez Maytrella , Bindman Andrew
Published: February 2021

Objective:

Miscommunication between patients and providers can have serious consequences—especially where medications are concerned. Because oral anticoagulants are associated with preventable adverse events at disproportionately high rates, we used the model of anticoagulant care to examine the extent to which regimen discordance between patient and provider contributes to unsafe medication management.

Methods:

We performed a study among 220 long-term users of warfarin in an anticoagulation clinic to characterize the importance of two medication assessment components. We measured (1) adherence to warfarin by asking patients to report any missed doses during the prior 30 days, and (2) concordance between patients’ and providers’ reports of prescribed warfarin regimens. We categorized patients as having complete adherence if they missed no doses and regimen concordance if there was patient-provider agreement in the total weekly dosage. We examined the independent relationships between (a) adherence and anticoagulant outcomes, and (b) concordance and anticoagulant outcomes. We characterized anticoagulant outcomes as unsafe if international normalized ratio (INR) values either were < 2.0 (at risk for thrombosis) or > 4.0 (at risk for hemorrhage) over 90 days, using repeated measures analysis.

Results:

One hundred fifty-five patients (70.5 percent) reported no missed warfarin doses during the prior 30 days. In multivariate models, poor adherence was associated with under-anticoagulation (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.33; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.56–3.45; P < 0.001), but not with over-anticoagulation (AOR = 1.36; 95% CI = 0.69–2.66; P = 0.38). One hundred ten patients (50 percent) reported warfarin regimens that were discordant with respect to the clinicians’ report. Among adherent patients, discordance was associated with both under-anticoagulation (AOR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.00–2.78; P = 0.05) and over-anticoagulation (AOR = 3.44; 95% CI = 1.32–9.09; P = 0.01). There was no relationship between patients’ reports of adherence and concordance (odds ratio [OR] = 1.14 95% CI = 0.64–2.04; P = 0.66).

Conclusion:

Discordance between clinicians and patients regarding warfarin regimens is unsettlingly common and places patients at risk for thromboembolic and hemorrhagic events. To promote safe and effective care, clinicians should sequentially determine adherence (missed doses) and regimen concordance during routine medication assessments. Systems need to be developed to ensure patient-provider concordance in medication regimens.
SOSIALISASI DAN PELATIHAN PENGGUNAAN MESIN PEMECAH BUAH KAKAO DI DESA BUBAA, KECAMATAN PAGUYAMAN PANTAI
Authors: Djafar Romi , Haluti Siradjuddin , Djamalu Yunita , Botutihe Sjahril
Published: February 2021

Masyarakat desa bubaa masih menggunakan cara-cara tradisional padahal teknik pengolahan buah kakao harus diperhatikan karena sangat menentukan mutu akhir produk kakao, hal itu berkaitan dengan proses pembentukan cita rasa khas kakao dan pengurangan cita rasa kakao yang tidak dikehendaki seperti rasa pahit dan sepet. Melalui teknologi pengolahan buah kakao masyarakat dapat memperoleh buah kakao yang lebih berkualitas dengan proses pengolahan yang lebih mudah dan relatif cepat yakni dengan mesin pemecah buah kakao. Luaran dan target capaian yang diharapkan adalah adanya draft buku ajar, menjadi rekomendasi untuk menggunakan dan memanfaatkan alat TTG Pemecah buah kakao dan diharapkan terjadi peningkatan kualitas dan kesejahteraan masyarakat Desa Bubaa. Adapun metode pelaksanaan kegiatan adalah penyuluhan dan pelatihan guna memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat tentang alat dan bahan, cara kerja alat dan fungsi dari setiap komponen alat kemudian dilakukan pelatihan sekaligus demonstrasi alat dengan menggunakan 3 karung buah kakao dan melihat kinerja serta proses kerja alat pemecah buah kakao.