bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Unique Complication Associated with Concurrent Chemoradiation for the Treatment of Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Cahlon Oren , Shaha Ashok , Lee Nancy
Published: September 2017

Background

Concurrent chemoradiation is becoming an increasingly popular treatment for patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer. The full extent of treatment related complications has not been completely documented in the literature.

Methods

We present the case of a patient treated with definitive intensity modulated radiation therapy and concurrent carboplatin and fluorouracil for a locally advanced oral cavity and base of tongue cancer.

Results

The patient suffered acute grade 4 dermatitis and mucositis during treatment. One month after completion of treatment, the patient was found to have permanent adherence of the tongue to the buccal mucosa as a result of severe scar tissue formation.

Conclusions

As more patients undergo chemoradiation for the treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancer, the full extent of treatment related complications are being identified. To our knowledge, this is the first report of chemoradiation for head and neck cancer resulting in adherence of the tongue to the buccal mucosa.
Oxaliplatin for Metastatic Colon Cancer in a Patient with Renal Failure
Authors: Katsumata Kenji , Sumi Tetsuo , Wada Tatehiko , Mori Yasuharu , Hisada Masayuki , Kawakita Hideaki , Enomoto Masanori , Suzuki Shoji , Matsuda Daisuke , Tsuchida Akihiko , Aoki Tatsuya
Published: September 2017

Objective

Oxaliplatin, a key part of the standard regimen for colorectal cancer in Western countries, has become available in Japan. In a hemodialysis patient with cecal cancer, we investigated the efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, and dialysability of oxaliplatin.

Methods

A 65-year-old man who had cecal cancer was treated with oxaliplatin (40 mg/m2) and l-leucovorin(l-LV) (200 mg/m2), which were administered simultaneously over 120 min via the side and main arms of a Y-tube, respectively. Then 5-FU (400 mg/m2) was administered rapidly via the side tube, followed by 5-FU (2,000 mg/m2) over 46 hours via the main tube. The patient had chronic renal failure due to diabetic nephropathy and hemodialysis was performed 3 times a week. Blood samples were collected from the dialyzer before and after each hemodialysis session to examine platinum clearance.

Results

The patient received 3 courses of oxaliplatin before he died of cancer. During hemodialysis, the platinum level fell from 0.32 μg/mL to 0.15 μg/mL.

Conclusion

Since patients with renal failure have various associated disorders and oxaliplatin has a long half-life, it is necessary to obtain more pharmacokinetic data to investigate its accumulation and dialysability during long-term treatment. Such data will assist in treating the rapidly increasing number of hemodialysis patients with colorectal cancer.
Computer Generated Shot Peening Saturation Curves
Authors:   Surface Enhancement Committee
Published: September 2017

This SAE Recommended Practice defines a procedure for the use of computer generated saturation curves to determine peening intensity. Calculation of intensity within a tolerance band for each data set in Table 1 one is required for compliance with this practice.
Regional temperature change potentials for short-lived climate forcers based on radiative forcing from multiple models
Authors: Aamaas Borgar , Berntsen Terje K. , Fuglestvedt Jan S. , Shine Keith P. , Collins William J.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. We calculate the absolute regional temperature change potential (ARTP) of various short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs) based on detailed radiative forcing (RF) calculations from four different models. The temperature response has been estimated for four latitude bands (90–28° S, 28° S–28° N, 28–60° N, and 60–90° N). The regional pattern in climate response not only depends on the relationship between RF and surface temperature, but also on where and when emissions occurred and atmospheric transport, chemistry, interaction with clouds, and deposition. We present four emissions cases covering Europe, East Asia, the global shipping sector, and the entire globe. Our study is the first to estimate ARTP values for emissions during Northern Hemisphere summer (May–October) and winter season (November–April). The species studied are aerosols and aerosol precursors (black carbon, organic carbon, SO2, NH3), ozone precursors (NOx, CO, volatile organic compound), and methane (CH4). For the response to BC in the Arctic, we take into account the vertical structure of the RF in the atmosphere, and an enhanced climate efficacy for BC deposition on snow. Of all SLCFs, BC is the most sensitive to where and when the emissions occur, as well as giving the largest difference in response between the latitude bands. The temperature response in the Arctic per unit BC emission is almost four times larger and more than two times larger than the global average for Northern Hemisphere winter emissions for Europe and East Asia, respectively. The latitudinal breakdown likely gives a better estimate of the global temperature response as it accounts for varying efficacies with latitude. An annual pulse of non-methane SLCF emissions globally (representative of 2008) lead to a global cooling. In contrast, winter emissions in Europe and East Asia give a net warming in the Arctic due to significant warming from BC deposition on snow.
Uncertainty in counting ice nucleating particles with continuous flow diffusion chambers
Authors: Garimella Sarvesh , Rothenberg Daniel A. , Wolf Martin J. , David Robert O. , Kanji Zamin A. , Wang Chien , Rösch Michael , Cziczo Daniel J.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. This study investigates the measurement of ice nucleating particle (INP) concentrations and sizing of crystals using continuous flow diffusion chambers (CFDCs). CFDCs have been deployed for decades to measure the formation of INPs under controlled humidity and temperature conditions in laboratory studies and by ambient aerosol populations. These measurements have, in turn, been used to construct parameterizations for use in models by relating the formation of ice crystals to state variables such as temperature and humidity as well as aerosol particle properties such as composition and number. We show here that assumptions of ideal instrument behavior are not supported by measurements made with a commercially available CFDC, the SPectrometer for Ice Nucleation (SPIN), and the instrument on which it is based, the Zurich Ice Nucleation Chamber (ZINC). Non-ideal instrument behavior, which is likely inherent to varying degrees in all CFDCs, is caused by exposure of particles to different humidities and/or temperatures than predicated from instrument theory of operation. This can result in a systematic, and variable, underestimation of reported INP concentrations. We find here variable correction factors from 1.5 to 9.5, consistent with previous literature values. We use a machine learning approach to show that non-ideality is most likely due to small-scale flow features where the aerosols are combined with sheath flows. Machine learning is also used to minimize the uncertainty in measured INP concentrations. We suggest that detailed measurement, on an instrument-by-instrument basis, be performed to characterize this uncertainty.
Effects of the 2014 major Baltic inflow on methane and nitrous oxide dynamics in the water column of the central Baltic Sea
Authors: Myllykangas Jukka-Pekka , Jilbert Tom , Jakobs Gunnar , Rehder Gregor , Werner Jan , Hietanen Susanna
Published: September 2017

Abstract. In late 2014, a large, oxygen-rich salt water inflow entered the Baltic Sea and caused considerable changes in deep water oxygen concentrations. We studied the effects of the inflow on the concentration patterns of two greenhouse gases, methane and nitrous oxide, during the following year (2015) in the water column of the Gotland Basin. In the eastern basin, methane which had previously accumulated in the deep waters was largely removed during the year. Here, volume-weighted mean concentration below 70 m decreased from 108 nM in March to 16.3 nM over a period of 141 days (0.65 nM d−1), predominantly due to oxidation (up to 79 %) following turbulent mixing with the oxygen-rich inflow. In contrast nitrous oxide, which was previously absent from deep waters, accumulated in deep waters due to enhanced nitrification following the inflow. Volume-weighted mean concentration of nitrous oxide below 70 m increased from 11.8 nM in March to 24.4 nM in 141 days (0.09 nM d−1). A transient extreme accumulation of nitrous oxide (877 nM) was observed in the deep waters of the Eastern Gotland Basin towards the end of 2015, when deep waters turned anoxic again, sedimentary denitrification was induced and methane was reintroduced to the bottom waters. The Western Gotland Basin gas biogeochemistry was not affected by the inflow.
ASSESSMENT OF BOTTOM-OF-ATMOSPHERE REFLECTANCE IN LIDAR DATA AS
REFERENCE FOR HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY
Authors: Roncat A. , Pfeifer N. , Briese C.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. While airborne lidar has confirmed its leading role in delivering high-resolution 3D topographic information during the last decade, its radiometric potential has not yet been fully exploited. However, with the increasing availability of commercial lidar systems which (a) make use of full-waveform information and (b) operate at several wavelengths simultaneously, this potential is increasing as well. Radiometric calibration of the full-waveform information mentioned before allows for the derivation of physical target surface parameters such as the backscatter coefficient and a diffuse reflectance value at bottom of atmosphere (BOA), i.e. the target surface. With lidar being an active remote sensing technique, these parameters can be derived from lidar data itself, accompanied by the measurement or estimation of reference data for diffuse reflectance. In contrast to this, such a radiometric calibration for passive hyperspectral imagery (HSI) requires the knowledge and/or estimation of much more unknowns. However, in case of corresponding wavelength(s) radiometrically calibrated lidar datasets can deliver an areawide reference for BOA reflectance. This paper presents criteria to check where the assumption of diffuse BOA reflectance behaviour is fulfilled and how these criteria are assessed in lidar data; the assessment is illustrated by an extended lidar dataset. Moreover, for this lidar dataset and an HSI dataset recorded over the same area, the corresponding reflectance values are compared for different surface types.
WHEAT EAR DETECTION IN PLOTS BY SEGMENTING MOBILE LASER
SCANNER DATA
Authors: Velumani K. , Oude Elberink S. , Yang M. Y. , Baret F.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The use of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) to study agricultural crop traits is becoming popular. Wheat plant traits such as crop height, biomass fractions and plant population are of interest to agronomists and biologists for the assessment of a genotype's performance in the environment. Among these performance indicators, plant population in the field is still widely estimated through manual counting which is a tedious and labour intensive task. The goal of this study is to explore the suitability of LiDAR observations to automate the counting process by the individual detection of wheat ears in the agricultural field. However, this is a challenging task owing to the random cropping pattern and noisy returns present in the point cloud. The goal is achieved by first segmenting the 3D point cloud followed by the classification of segments into ears and non-ears. In this study, two segmentation techniques: a) voxel-based segmentation and b) mean shift segmentation were adapted to suit the segmentation of plant point clouds. An ear classification strategy was developed to distinguish the ear segments from leaves and stems. Finally, the ears extracted by the automatic methods were compared with reference ear segments prepared by manual segmentation. Both the methods had an average detection rate of 85 %, aggregated over different flowering stages. The voxel-based approach performed well for late flowering stages (wheat crops aged 210 days or more) with a mean percentage accuracy of 94 % and takes less than 20 seconds to process 50,000 points with an average point density of 16  points/cm2. Meanwhile, the mean shift approach showed comparatively better counting accuracy of 95% for early flowering stage (crops aged below 225 days) and takes approximately 4 minutes to process 50,000 points.
OCCUPANCY MODELLING FOR MOVING OBJECT DETECTION FROM LIDAR
POINT CLOUDS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Xiao W. , Vallet B. , Xiao Y. , Mills J. , Paparoditis N.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Lidar technology has been widely used in both robotics and geomatics for environment perception and mapping. Moving object detection is important in both fields as it is a fundamental step for collision avoidance, static background extraction, moving pattern analysis, etc. A simple method involves checking directly the distance between nearest points from the compared datasets. However, large distances may be obtained when two datasets have different coverages. The use of occupancy grids is a popular approach to overcome this problem. There are two common theories employed to model occupancy and to interpret the measurements, Dempster- Shafer theory and probability. This paper presents a comparative study of these two theories for occupancy modelling with the aim of moving object detection from lidar point clouds. Occupancy is modelled using both approaches and their implementations are explained and compared in details. Two lidar datasets are tested to illustrate the moving object detection results.
SEMI – GLOBAL MERGING OF DIGITAL SURFACE MODELS FROM MULTIPLE STEREOPAIRS
Authors: Pang S. , Hu X. , Zhang M. , Ye L.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The semi-global optimization algorithm, which approximates a global 2D smoothness constraint by combining several 1D constraints, has been widely used in the field of image dense matching for digital surface model (DSM) generation. However, due to occlusion, shadow and textureless area of the matching images, some inconsistency may exist in the overlapping areas of different DSMs. To address this problem, based on the DSMs generated by semi-global matching from multiple stereopairs, a novel semi-global merging algorithm is proposed to generate a reliable and consistent DSM in this paper. Two datasets, each covering 1 km2, are used to validate the proposed method. Experimental results show that the optimal DSM after merging can effectively eliminate the inconsistency and reduce redundancy in the overlapping areas.
EXPLOITING INDOOR MOBILE LASER SCANNER TRAJECTORIES FOR SEMANTIC INTERPRETATION OF POINT CLOUDS
Authors: Nikoohemat S. , Peter M. , Oude Elberink S. , Vosselman G.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The use of Indoor Mobile Laser Scanners (IMLS) for data collection in indoor environments has been increasing in the recent years. These systems, unlike Terrestrial Laser Scanners (TLS), collect data along a trajectory instead of at discrete scanner positions. In this research, we propose several methods to exploit the trajectories of IMLS systems for the interpretation of point clouds. By means of occlusion reasoning and use of trajectory as a set of scanner positions, we are capable of detecting openings in cluttered indoor environments. In order to provide information about both the partitioning of the space and the navigable space, we use the voxel concept for point clouds. Furthermore, to reconstruct walls, floor and ceiling we exploit the indoor topology and plane primitives. The results show that the trajectory is a valuable source of data for feature detection and understanding of indoor MLS point clouds.
INDOOR MAP AIDED INS/WI-FI INTEGRATED LBS ON SMARTPHONE PLATFORMS
Authors: Yu C. , El-Sheimy N.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. In this research, an indoor map aided INS/Wi-Fi integrated location based services (LBS) applications is proposed and implemented on smartphone platforms. Indoor map information together with measurements from an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value from Wi-Fi are collected to obtain an accurate, continuous, and low-cost position solution. The main challenge of this research is to make effective use of various measurements that complement each other without increasing the computational burden of the system. The integrated system in this paper includes three modules: INS, Wi-Fi (if signal available) and indoor maps. A cascade structure Particle/Kalman filter framework is applied to combine the different modules. Firstly, INS position and Wi-Fi fingerprint position integrated through Kalman filter for estimating positioning information. Then, indoor map information is applied to correct the error of INS/Wi-Fi estimated position through particle filter. Indoor tests show that the proposed method can effectively reduce the accumulation positioning errors of stand-alone INS systems, and provide stable, continuous and reliable indoor location service.
POLSAR LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION BASED ON HIDDEN POLARIMETRIC
FEATURES IN ROTATION DOMAIN AND SVM CLASSIFIER
Authors: Tao C.-S. , Chen S.-W. , Li Y.-Z. , Xiao S.-P.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Land cover classification is an important application for polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) data utilization. Rollinvariant polarimetric features such as H / Ani / α / Span are commonly adopted in PolSAR land cover classification. However, target orientation diversity effect makes PolSAR images understanding and interpretation difficult. Only using the roll-invariant polarimetric features may introduce ambiguity in the interpretation of targets’ scattering mechanisms and limit the followed classification accuracy. To address this problem, this work firstly focuses on hidden polarimetric feature mining in the rotation domain along the radar line of sight using the recently reported uniform polarimetric matrix rotation theory and the visualization and characterization tool of polarimetric coherence pattern. The former rotates the acquired polarimetric matrix along the radar line of sight and fully describes the rotation characteristics of each entry of the matrix. Sets of new polarimetric features are derived to describe the hidden scattering information of the target in the rotation domain. The latter extends the traditional polarimetric coherence at a given rotation angle to the rotation domain for complete interpretation. A visualization and characterization tool is established to derive new polarimetric features for hidden information exploration. Then, a classification scheme is developed combing both the selected new hidden polarimetric features in rotation domain and the commonly used roll-invariant polarimetric features with a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Comparison experiments based on AIRSAR and multi-temporal UAVSAR data demonstrate that compared with the conventional classification scheme which only uses the roll-invariant polarimetric features, the proposed classification scheme achieves both higher classification accuracy and better robustness. For AIRSAR data, the overall classification accuracy with the proposed classification scheme is 94.91 %, while that with the conventional classification scheme is 93.70 %. Moreover, for multi-temporal UAVSAR data, the averaged overall classification accuracy with the proposed classification scheme is up to 97.08 %, which is much higher than the 87.79 % from the conventional classification scheme. Furthermore, for multitemporal PolSAR data, the proposed classification scheme can achieve better robustness. The comparison studies also clearly demonstrate that mining and utilization of hidden polarimetric features and information in the rotation domain can gain the added benefits for PolSAR land cover classification and provide a new vision for PolSAR image interpretation and application.
SUPERPIXEL SEGMENTATION FOR POLSAR IMAGES WITH LOCAL ITERATIVE CLUSTERING AND HETEROGENEOUS STATISTICAL MODEL
Authors: Xiang D. , Ni W. , Zhang H. , Wu J. , Yan W. , Su Y.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Superpixel segmentation has an advantage that can well preserve the target shape and details. In this research, an adaptive polarimetric SLIC (Pol-ASLIC) superpixel segmentation method is proposed. First, the spherically invariant random vector (SIRV) product model is adopted to estimate the normalized covariance matrix and texture for each pixel. A new edge detector is then utilized to extract PolSAR image edges for the initialization of central seeds. In the local iterative clustering, multiple cues including polarimetric, texture, and spatial information are considered to define the similarity measure. Moreover, a polarimetric homogeneity measurement is used to automatically determine the tradeoff factor, which can vary from homogeneous areas to heterogeneous areas. Finally, the SLIC superpixel segmentation scheme is applied to the airborne Experimental SAR and PiSAR L-band PolSAR data to demonstrate the effectiveness of this proposed segmentation approach. This proposed algorithm produces compact superpixels which can well adhere to image boundaries in both natural and urban areas. The detail information in heterogeneous areas can be well preserved.
SIMULATING VARIOUS TERRESTRIAL AND UAV LIDAR SCANNING
CONFIGURATIONS FOR UNDERSTORY FOREST STRUCTURE MODELLING
Authors: Hämmerle M. , Lukač N. , Chen K.-C. , Koma Zs. , Wang C.-K. , Anders K. , Höfle B.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Information about the 3D structure of understory vegetation is of high relevance in forestry research and management (e.g., for complete biomass estimations). However, it has been hardly investigated systematically with state-of-the-art methods such as static terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) or laser scanning from unmanned aerial vehicle platforms (ULS). A prominent challenge for scanning forests is posed by occlusion, calling for proper TLS scan position or ULS flight line configurations in order to achieve an accurate representation of understory vegetation. The aim of our study is to examine the effect of TLS or ULS scanning strategies on (1) the height of individual understory trees and (2) understory canopy height raster models. We simulate full-waveform TLS and ULS point clouds of a virtual forest plot captured from various combinations of max. 12 TLS scan positions or 3 ULS flight lines. The accuracy of the respective datasets is evaluated with reference values given by the virtually scanned 3D triangle mesh tree models. TLS tree height underestimations range up to 1.84 m (15.30 % of tree height) for single TLS scan positions, but combining three scan positions reduces the underestimation to maximum 0.31 m (2.41 %). Combining ULS flight lines also results in improved tree height representation, with a maximum underestimation of 0.24 m (2.15 %). The presented simulation approach offers a complementary source of information for efficient planning of field campaigns aiming at understory vegetation modelling.
A TWO-STEP CLASSIFICATION APPROACH TO DISTINGUISHING SIMILAR OBJECTS IN MOBILE LIDAR POINT CLOUDS
Authors: He H. , Khoshelham K. , Fraser C.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Nowadays, lidar is widely used in cultural heritage documentation, urban modeling, and driverless car technology for its fast and accurate 3D scanning ability. However, full exploitation of the potential of point cloud data for efficient and automatic object recognition remains elusive. Recently, feature-based methods have become very popular in object recognition on account of their good performance in capturing object details. Compared with global features describing the whole shape of the object, local features recording the fractional details are more discriminative and are applicable for object classes with considerable similarity. In this paper, we propose a two-step classification approach based on point feature histograms and the bag-of-features method for automatic recognition of similar objects in mobile lidar point clouds. Lamp post, street light and traffic sign are grouped as one category in the first-step classification for their inter similarity compared with tree and vehicle. A finer classification of the lamp post, street light and traffic sign based on the result of the first-step classification is implemented in the second step. The proposed two-step classification approach is shown to yield a considerable improvement over the conventional one-step classification approach.
GMZ: A GML COMPRESSION MODEL FOR WEBGIS
Authors: Khandelwal A. , Rajan K. S.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Geography markup language (GML) is an XML specification for expressing geographical features. Defined by Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), it is widely used for storage and transmission of maps over the Internet. XML schemas provide the convenience to define custom features profiles in GML for specific needs as seen in widely popular cityGML, simple features profile, coverage, etc. Simple features profile (SFP) is a simpler subset of GML profile with support for point, line and polygon geometries. SFP has been constructed to make sure it covers most commonly used GML geometries. Web Feature Service (WFS) serves query results in SFP by default. But it falls short of being an ideal choice due to its high verbosity and size-heavy nature, which provides immense scope for compression. GMZ is a lossless compression model developed to work for SFP compliant GML files. Our experiments indicate GMZ achieves reasonably good compression ratios and can be useful in WebGIS based applications.
LSIVIEWER 2.0 – A CLIENT-ORIENTED ONLINE VISUALIZATION TOOL FOR
GEOSPATIAL VECTOR DATA
Authors: Manikanta K. , Rajan K.S.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Geospatial data visualization systems have been predominantly through applications that are installed and run in a desktop environment. Over the last decade, with the advent of web technologies and its adoption by Geospatial community, the server-client model for data handling, data rendering and visualization respectively has been the most prevalent approach in Web-GIS. While the client devices have become functionally more powerful over the recent years, the above model has largely ignored it and is still in a mode of serverdominant computing paradigm. In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop and demonstrate LSIViewer – a simple, easy-to-use and robust online geospatial data visualisation system for the user’s own data that harness the client’s capabilities for data rendering and user-interactive styling, with a reduced load on the server. The developed system can support multiple geospatial vector formats and can be integrated with other web-based systems like WMS, WFS, etc. The technology stack used to build this system is Node.js on the server side and HTML5 Canvas and JavaScript on the client side. Various tests run on a range of vector datasets, upto 35 MB, showed that the time taken to render the vector data using LSIViewer is comparable to a desktop GIS application, QGIS, over an identical system.
INTERACTIVE LAND-USE OPTIMIZATION USING LAGUERRE VORONOI DIAGRAM
WITH DYNAMIC GENERATING POINT ALLOCATION
Authors: Chaidee S. , Pakawanwong P. , Suppakitpaisarn V. , Teerasawat P.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. In this work, we devise an efficient method for the land-use optimization problem based on Laguerre Voronoi diagram. Previous Voronoi diagram-based methods are more efficient and more suitable for interactive design than discrete optimization-based method, but, in many cases, their outputs do not satisfy area constraints. To cope with the problem, we propose a force-directed graph drawing algorithm, which automatically allocates generating points of Voronoi diagram to appropriate positions. Then, we construct a Laguerre Voronoi diagram based on these generating points, use linear programs to adjust each cell, and reconstruct the diagram based on the adjustment. We adopt the proposed method to the practical case study of Chiang Mai University’s allocated land for a mixed-use complex. For this case study, compared to other Voronoi diagram-based method, we decrease the land allocation error by 62.557 %. Although our computation time is larger than the previous Voronoi-diagram-based method, it is still suitable for interactive design.
GENERATION ALGORITHM OF DISCRETE LINE IN MULTI-DIMENSIONAL GRIDS
Authors: Du L. , Ben J. , Li Y. , Wang R.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Discrete Global Grids System (DGGS) is a kind of digital multi-resolution earth reference model, in terms of structure, it is conducive to the geographical spatial big data integration and mining. Vector is one of the important types of spatial data, only by discretization, can it be applied in grids system to make process and analysis. Based on the some constraint conditions, this paper put forward a strict definition of discrete lines, building a mathematic model of the discrete lines by base vectors combination method. Transforming mesh discrete lines issue in n-dimensional grids into the issue of optimal deviated path in n-minus-one dimension using hyperplane, which, therefore realizing dimension reduction process in the expression of mesh discrete lines. On this basis, we designed a simple and efficient algorithm for dimension reduction and generation of the discrete lines. The experimental results show that our algorithm not only can be applied in the two-dimensional rectangular grid, also can be applied in the two-dimensional hexagonal grid and the three-dimensional cubic grid. Meanwhile, when our algorithm is applied in two-dimensional rectangular grid, it can get a discrete line which is more similar to the line in the Euclidean space.
RESEARCH ON THE INTENSITY ANALYSIS AND RESULT VISUALIZATION OF CONSTRUCTION LAND IN URBAN PLANNING
Authors: Cui J. , Dong B. , Li J. , Li L.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. As a fundamental work of urban planning, the intensity analysis of construction land involves many repetitive data processing works that are prone to cause errors or data precision loss, and the lack of efficient methods and tools to visualizing the analysis results in current urban planning. In the research a portable tool is developed by using the Model Builder technique embedded in ArcGIS to provide automatic data processing and rapid result visualization for the works. A series of basic modules provided by ArcGIS are linked together to shape a whole data processing chain in the tool. Once the required data is imported, the analysis results and related maps and graphs including the intensity values and zoning map, the skyline analysis map etc. are produced automatically. Finally the tool is installation-free and can be dispatched quickly between planning teams.
URBAN LANDSCAPE SPATIAL PATTERN ESTIMATION OF CITIES IN SHANDONG
PROVINCE USING NIGHTTIME LUMINOSITY DATA
Authors: Fan J. , He H. , Hu T. , Li G. , Gao H. , Zhao X.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. China’s cities have been undergoing rapid and intense urbanization processes in the past few decades. Shandong is a coastal province which is located in East China with big economy and population scales, and which also plays an important role in the rapid process of China’s modernization. The DMSP/OLS dataset has been widely used for the urban development assessments in long time-series and large spatial scales situations. In this paper, we used a time series of nighttime light data to estimate the landscape spatial pattern changes of cities in Shandong province from 1994 to 2012. Nine landscape metrics were calculated and analyzed to figure out the spatial patterns of urban area developments of the cities in Shandong province. The landscape metrics include the number of patches (NP), the landscape total area (TA), the aggregation index (AI), the largest patch index (LPI), the mean patch area (AREA_MN), the landscape shape index (LSI), the total edge length (TE), the edge density (ED), and the mean radius of gyration (GYRATE_MN). The experimental results reveal that, in 1994–2012, the total urban area of cities in Shandong province expanded for 1.17 times, the average urban area increased by about 93.00%, the average annual growth rate of the TE metric is 2.67 %, while the ED metric decreased about 1.44 % annually. Bigger cities in this area show relative slower urbanization development processes, such as Jinan and Qingdao. Coastal cities represented much more rapid expansion velocities than inland cities. In the middle area of Shandong province, the connectivity between developed urban areas was constantly increased.
ASSOCIATION RULE ANALYSIS FOR TOUR ROUTE RECOMMENDATION AND APPLICATION TO WCTSNOP
Authors: Fang H. , Chen C. , Lin J. , Liu X. , Fang D.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The increasing E-tourism systems provide intelligent tour recommendation for tourists. In this sense, recommender system can make personalized suggestions and provide satisfied information associated with their tour cycle. Data mining is a proper tool that extracting potential information from large database for making strategic decisions. In the study, association rule analysis based on FP-growth algorithm is applied to find the association relationship among scenic spots in different cities as tour route recommendation. In order to figure out valuable rules, Kulczynski interestingness measure is adopted and imbalance ratio is computed. The proposed scheme was evaluated on Wangluzhe cultural tourism service network operation platform (WCTSNOP), where it could verify that it is able to quick recommend tour route and to rapidly enhance the recommendation quality.
INFORMATION MINING OF SPATIO-TEMPORAL EVOLUTION OF LAKES BASED ON MULTIPLE DYNAMIC MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Feng W. , Chen J.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Lakes are important water resources and integral parts of the natural ecosystem, and it is of great significance to study the evolution of lakes. The area of each lake increased and decreased at the same time in natural condition, only but the net change of lakes’ area is the result of the bidirectional evolution of lakes. In this paper, considering the effects of net fragmentation, net attenuation, swap change and spatial invariant part in lake evolution, a comprehensive evaluation indexes of lake dynamic evolution were defined,. Such degree contains three levels of measurement: 1) the swap dynamic degree (SDD) reflects the space activity of lakes in the study period. 2) the attenuation dynamic degree (ADD) reflects the net attenuation of lakes into non-lake areas. 3) the fragmentation dynamic degree (FDD) reflects the trend of lakes to be divided and broken into smaller lakes. Three levels of dynamic measurement constitute the three-dimensional "Swap - attenuation – fragmentation" dynamic evolution measurement system of lakes. To show its effectiveness, the dynamic measurement was applied to lakes in Jianghan Plain, the middle Yangtze region of China for a more detailed analysis of lakes from 1984 to 2014. In combination with spatial-temporal location characteristics of lakes, the hidden information in lake evolution in the past 30 years can be revealed.
DEVELOPING A WEB-BASED PPGIS, AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTING SERVICE
Authors: Ranjbar Nooshery N. , Taleai M. , Kazemi R. , Ebadi K.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Today municipalities are searching for new tools to empower locals for changing the future of their own areas by increasing their participation in different levels of urban planning. These tools should involve the community in planning process using participatory approaches instead of long traditional top-down planning models and help municipalities to obtain proper insight about major problems of urban neighborhoods from the residents’ point of view. In this matter, public participation GIS (PPGIS) which enables citizens to record and following up their feeling and spatial knowledge regarding problems of the city in the form of maps have been introduced. In this research, a tool entitled CAER (Collecting & Analyzing of Environmental Reports) is developed. In the first step, a software framework based on Web-GIS tool, called EPGIS (Environmental Participatory GIS) has been designed to support public participation in reporting urban environmental problems and to facilitate data flow between citizens and municipality. A web-based cartography tool was employed for geo-visualization and dissemination of map-based reports. In the second step of CAER, a subsystem is developed based on SOLAP (Spatial On-Line Analytical Processing), as a data mining tools to elicit the local knowledge facilitating bottom-up urban planning practices and to help urban managers to find hidden relations among the recorded reports. This system is implemented in a case study area in Boston, Massachusetts and its usability was evaluated. The CAER should be considered as bottom-up planning tools to collect people’s problems and views about their neighborhood and transmits them to the city officials. It also helps urban planners to find solutions for better management from citizen’s viewpoint and gives them this chance to develop good plans to the neighborhoods that should be satisfied the citizens.
BUILT-UP AREA AND LAND COVER EXTRACTION
USING HIGH RESOLUTION PLEIADES SATELLITE IMAGERY FOR MIDRAND, IN GAUTENG PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Fundisi E. , Musakwa W.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Urban areas, particularly in developing countries face immense challenges such as climate change, poverty, lack of resources poor land use management systems, and week environmental management practices. Mitigating against these challenges is often hampered by lack of data on urban expansion, urban footprint and land cover. To support the recently adopted new urban agenda 2030 there is need for the provision of information to support decision making in the urban areas. Earth observation has been identified as a tool to foster sustainable urban planning and smarter cities as recognized by the new urban agenda, because it is a solution to unavailability of data. Accordingly, this study uses high resolution EO data Pleiades satellite imagery to map and document land cover for the rapidly expanding area of Midrand in Johannesburg, South Africa. An unsupervised land cover classification of the Pleiades satellite imagery was carried out using ENVI software, whereas NDVI was derived using ArcGIS software. The land cover had an accuracy of 85% that is highly adequate to document the land cover in Midrand. The results are useful because it provides a highly accurate land cover and NDVI datasets at localised spatial scale that can be used to support land use management strategies within Midrand and the City of Johannesburg South Africa.
PARALLEL SPATIOTEMPORAL SPECTRAL CLUSTERING WITH MASSIVE TRAJECTORY DATA
Authors: Gu Y. Z. , Qin K. , Chen Y. X. , Yue M. X. , Guo T.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Massive trajectory data contains wealth useful information and knowledge. Spectral clustering, which has been shown to be effective in finding clusters, becomes an important clustering approaches in the trajectory data mining. However, the traditional spectral clustering lacks the temporal expansion on the algorithm and limited in its applicability to large-scale problems due to its high computational complexity. This paper presents a parallel spatiotemporal spectral clustering based on multiple acceleration solutions to make the algorithm more effective and efficient, the performance is proved due to the experiment carried out on the massive taxi trajectory dataset in Wuhan city, China.
SPATIAL LINKAGE AND URBAN EXPANSION: AN URBAN AGGLOMERATION VIEW
Authors: Jiao L. M. , Tang X. , Liu X. P.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Urban expansion displays different characteristics in each period. From the perspective of the urban agglomeration, studying the spatial and temporal characteristics of urban expansion plays an important role in understanding the complex relationship between urban expansion and network structure of urban agglomeration. We analyze urban expansion in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration (YRD) through accessibility to and spatial interaction intensity from core cities as well as accessibility of road network. Results show that: (1) Correlation between urban expansion intensity and spatial indicators such as location and space syntax variables is remarkable and positive, while it decreases after rapid expansion. (2) Urban expansion velocity displays a positive correlation with spatial indicators mentioned above in the first (1980–1990) and second (1990–2000) period. However, it exhibits a negative relationship in the third period (2000–2010), i.e., cities located in the periphery of urban agglomeration developing more quickly. Consequently, the hypothesis of convergence of urban expansion in rapid expansion stage is put forward. (3) Results of Zipf’s law and Gibrat's law show urban expansion in YRD displays a convergent trend in rapid expansion stage, small and medium-sized cities growing faster. This study shows that spatial linkage plays an important but evolving role in urban expansion within the urban agglomeration. In addition, it serves as a reference to the planning of Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration and regulation of urban expansion of other urban agglomerations.
CONSTRUCTION AND ANALYSIS OF LONG-TERM SURFACE TEMPERATURE DATASET IN FUJIAN PROVINCE
Authors: Li W. E. , Wang X. Q. , Su H.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Land surface temperature (LST) is a key parameter of land surface physical processes on global and regional scales, linking the heat fluxes and interactions between the ground and atmosphere. Based on MODIS 8-day LST products (MOD11A2) from the split-window algorithms, we constructed and obtained the monthly and annual LST dataset of Fujian Province from 2000 to 2015. Then, we analyzed the monthly and yearly time series LST data and further investigated the LST distribution and its evolution features. The average LST of Fujian Province reached the highest in July, while the lowest in January. The monthly and annual LST time series present a significantly periodic features (annual and interannual) from 2000 to 2015. The spatial distribution showed that the LST in North and West was lower than South and East in Fujian Province. With the rapid development and urbanization of the coastal area in Fujian Province, the LST in coastal urban region was significantly higher than that in mountainous rural region. The LST distributions might affected by the climate, topography and land cover types. The spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of LST could provide good references for the agricultural layout and environment monitoring in Fujian Province.
APPLING REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUE TO MONITORING SPATIAL EXPANSION OF IMPORTANT CITIES IN CHINA-INDOCHINA PENINSULA ECONOMIC CORRIDOR
Authors: Li J. , Wang H. , Wang G. , Zhai H. , Han M. , Liu X.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Since twentieth Century, the process of economic globalization has made great progress, and Southeast Asia has developed rapidly under the background of international industrial transferring. In this paper, the 6 important nodes cities in China - Indochina Peninsula along the economic corridor are took as study area. The main data is time series Landsat data. The method of object-oriented random forest classification was used to extract the classification results of study area from 2000 to 2015. The urban expansion of the node cities was evaluated by calculating the expansion speed of the impervious surface and the landscape pattern metrics. The results indicated that the method of object oriented random forest classification can effectively extract the urban impervious surface. the overall accuracy is over 81 %, and the Kappa coefficient is over 0.82. In the past 15 years, the expansion speed of Vientiane city was fastest in 6 countries. The area of urban impervious surface expanded 8 times than that of 2000.The pattern of expansion is summarized as “gather first-diffuse then”, “diffuse first-gather then” and “gather”. Overall, the process of urbanization of these cities are still in the rising period.
EXPRESSION AND ORGANIZATION OF GEOGRAPHIC SPATIAL RELATIONS BASED ON TOPIC MAPS
Authors: Liang H. J. , Wang H. , Cui T. J. , Guo J. F.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Spatial Relation is one of the important components of Geographical Information Science and Spatial Database. There have been lots of researches on Spatial Relation and many different spatial relations have been proposed. The relationships among these spatial relations such as hierarchy and so on are complex and this brings some difficulties to the applications and teaching of these spatial relations. This paper summaries some common spatial relations, extracts the topic types, association types, resource types of these spatial relations using the technology of Topic Maps, and builds many different relationships among these spatial relations. Finally, this paper utilizes Java and Ontopia to build a topic map among these common spatial relations, forms a complex knowledge network of spatial relations, and realizes the effective management and retrieval of spatial relations.
AN ADAPTIVE MORPHOLOGICAL MEAN FILTER FOR VERY HIGH-RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING IMAGE PROCESSING
Authors: Lv Z. , Shi J. , Wang Y.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Very high resolution (VHR) remote sensing imagery can reveal the ground object in greater detail, depicting their color, shape, size and structure. However, VHR also leads much original noise in spectra, and this original noise may reduce the reliability of the classification’s result. This paper presents an Adaptive Morphological Mean Filter (AMMF) for smoothing the original noise of VHR imagery and improving the classification’s performance. AMMF is a shape-adaptive filter which is constructed by detecting gradually the spectral similarity between a kernel-anchored pixel and its contextual pixels through an extension-detector with 8-neighbouring pixels, and the spectral value of the kernel-anchored pixel is instead by the mean of group pixels within the adaptive region. The classification maps based on the AMMF are compared with the classification of VHR images based on the homologous filter processing, such as Mean Filter (MF) and Median Filter(MedF). The experimental results suggest the following: 1) VHR image processed using AMMF can not only preserve the detail information among inter-classes but also smooth the noise within intra-class; 2) The proposed AMMF processing can improve the classification’s performance of VHR image, and it obtains a better visual performance and accuracy while comparing with MF and MedF.
THE IMPACT OF LARGE URBAN STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS ON TRAFFIC FLOW
A CASE STUDY OF DANWEI AND XIAOQU IN SHANGHAI
Authors: Lyu H. , Ding L. , Fan H. , Meng L.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Danwei (working unit) and Xiaoqu (residential community) are two typical and unique structural urban elements in China. The interior roads of Danwei and Xiaoqu are usually not accessible for the public. Recently, there is a call for opening these interior roads to the public to improve road network structure and optimize traffic flow. In this paper we investigate the impact of Danwei and Xiaoqu on their neighbouring traffic quantitatively. By taking into consideration of origins and destinations (ODs) distributions and route selection behaviours (e.g., shortest paths), we propose an extended betweenness centrality to investigate the traffic flow in two scenarios 1) the interior roads of Danwei and Xiaoqu are excluded from urban road network, 2) the interior roads are integrated into road network. A Danwei and a Xiaoqu in Shanghai are used as the study area. The preliminary results show the feasibility of our extended betweenness centrality in investigating the traffic flow patterns and reveal the quantitative changes of the traffic flow after opening interior roads.