bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Review on Recent Progress in Carbon Nanotubes for Biomedical Application
Authors: Shabnum S. Sameera , Siranjeevi R. , Raj C. Krishna , Nivetha P. , Benazir K.
Published: January 2025

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been considered as the prototypical nanomaterials, propelling them to the forefront of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Carbon nanotubes offer potential therapeutic uses in drug transport, diagnostics, biosensing, and tissue engineering. Fluorescence imaging across the NIR‐II range with increased penetration into tissues and spatial precision has shown significant promise in recent years as an effective imaging approach, harnessing the intrinsic band‐gap luminescence of semiconducting CNTs. They can penetrate through membranes, delivering medicines, vaccinations, and nucleic acids to previously inaccessible destinations. Thus, the development of innovative and effective drug delivery methods with CNTs can improve the pharmacological properties of many types of medication. Furthermore, the simplicity with which CNTs may be surface functionalized has led to their application as gene delivery vectors for illnesses such as cancer. These vectors include plasmid DNA, miRNA, and siRNA. CNTs, among other carbon nanomaterials, are inherently strong electrical conductors, making them great candidates for interfacing electrically excitable tissues and conducting brain interface investigations. CNT‐based hydrogels are commonly utilized for wound healing and antimicrobial purposes. They have shown increased antimicrobial, antibacterial, adhesive, antioxidant, and mechanical capabilities, all of which aids in wound healing. In the field of biomedicine, CNTs are being hailed as promising prospects for both diagnostic and treatment. When it comes to medication distribution, CNTs can help overcome some of the drawbacks of “free” drugs by helping to formulate less water‐soluble medications better, enabling targeted delivery, and even facilitating the co‐delivery of more than one medication for combination therapy. Currently, two methods attaching the substance being delivered to the exterior sidewalls or encapsulating it within the interior cavities are being investigated for the delivery of medicinal and diagnostic chemicals using CNTs. This article discusses the most recent developments in the use of CNTs, including single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as well as multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), as multipurpose nanoprobes for biomedical applications.
From Drawing to Mapping
Authors: Okada Alexandra
Published: January 2025

This third chapter presents three learning objectives:

Understand and describe the progression of children’s graphic representations from simple scribbles to detailed and thematic drawings based on the research by Luquet and Piaget.

Identify and analyse the evolution of children’s drawing concepts from abstract shapes to conceptual themes such as food, plants, and ecosystems, demonstrating an understanding of the developmental stages.

Learn strategies to effectively guide children in transitioning from drawing to mapping, emphasising the need for structured support to facilitate this developmental stage.
Inanspruchnahme von Versorgungsangeboten junger Erwachsener mit ersten psychotischen Episoden im FRITZ am Urban in Berlin unter Berücksichtigung des Migrationshintergrunds
Authors: Bernhardt Miriam , Siebert Stefan , Baumgardt Johanna , Domanska Olga Maria , Leopold Karolina , Bechdolf Andreas
Published: January 2025

Hintergrund

In Deutschland liegen kaum Studien vor, die Versorgungswege im Frühverlauf von Psychosen sowie die Dauer der unbehandelten Psychosen (DUP) untersuchen und dabei den Migrationshintergrund berücksichtigen.

Ziel der Arbeit

Die Studie untersucht, ob sich junge Erwachsene mit (PmM) und ohne Migrationshintergrund (PoM), die innerhalb der letzten fünf Jahre eine erste psychotische Episode erlebten oder das psychiatrische Versorgungssystem erstmalig in Anspruch genommen haben, in der Inanspruchnahme von Versorgungsangeboten und der DUP unterscheiden.

Material und Methoden

Die Datenerhebung sowie Post-hoc-Analysen wurden im Rahmen einer Kohortenstudie (84 stationäre Patient*innen) am Frühinterventions- und Therapiezentrum (FRITZ) in Berlin durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse

PmM mit ersten psychotischen Episoden (n = 38) zeigten keine signifikanten Unterschiede zu der Vergleichsgruppe (PoM, n = 46) in der Inanspruchnahme von Versorgungsangeboten (p = 0,22). Die Zeitspanne bis zum Aufsuchen eines ersten Versorgungsangebots, die Anzahl von Kontakten ins Versorgungssystem sowie die DUP wiesen zwischen PmM und PoM keine signifikanten Unterschiede auf. PmM waren überwiegend bildungsnahe junge Erwachsene, die in Deutschland aufgewachsen sind.

Diskussion

Hilfsangebote im FRITZ wurden von allen Nutzenden ungeachtet ihres Migrationshintergrundes rasch aufgesucht, was für die weitere Implementierung spezialisierter Früherkennungsangebote in Deutschland spricht. Die Ergebnisse könnten auf eine Selektion der Studienpopulation zurückzuführen sein.

Schlussfolgerung

Weitere Untersuchungen, die bildungsferne Personen und solche mit geringen Sprachkenntnissen einschließen, sind notwendig. Die Früherkennungsangebote und Aufklärungskampagnen sollen für diese Zielgruppe angepasst werden.
Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication is more cost-effective than open Nissen fundoplication in children
Authors: Högberg Niclas , Danielson Johan , Westblom Amanda , Gustafson Elisabet
Published: January 2025

Background

Nissen fundoplication is one of the most common surgical procedures for gastroesophageal reflux. Current and previous research comparing laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) versus open Nissen fundoplication (ONF) in children suggest ambiguous conclusions. The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the outcome for children operated with LNF or ONF at our institution and to evaluate the economic aspects.

Methods

32 consecutive patients (LNF: n = 18, ONF: n = 14) operated with Nissen fundoplication between the years 2011–2017 were included in the study. Data was collected by examination of the patient journals and preoperative, operative, postoperative, and post-discharge parameters were analyzed.

Results

Compared to ONF, the LNF group had shorter operating time (165.2 vs 216.6 min, p < 0.05), shorter overall operating room duration (315.0 vs 334.9 min, p < 0.05) and shorter postoperative hospital stay (3.8 vs 8.1 days, p < 0.05). The LNF group also required less morphine (1.2 vs 1.7 mg/kg, p < 0.05) and the total cost per case was 39% lower (261.1 vs 427.4 kSEK, p < 0.05). No difference was seen in postoperative complications and results.

Conclusion

Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication is more cost-effective compared to open surgery and reduces postoperative hospital stay and morphine requirements.
The Stepping Stone Clubhouse Evaluation: Exploring Members’ Experiences, Service Engagement, and Perceived Impact of the Clubhouse International Model
Authors: Fjeldsoe Brianna S. , Vitangcol Kathryn , Lamerton Tayla , Sennett Melanie , Helton Daniel , Hardy Fotini , Wyder Marianne , Cunningham Zoe , McGrath Martina O. , Roseby Morag , McLean Andrew , Brown Scott , Lawler Sheleigh
Published: January 2025

The Clubhouse Model of Psychosocial Rehabilitation provides non-clinical social support for adults living with a diagnosed mental illness or self-reported mental ill-health (referred to as ‘members’). The Stepping Stone Clubhouse in Brisbane, Australia was evaluated between August 2022 and August 2023 using a participatory action research approach. Data was sourced from member surveys, member interviews, and an existing Clubhouse Member Database. Outcomes included members’ self-reported psychosocial recovery, social connectedness, quality of life, frequency of hospitalizations, and their attainment of employment and/or education aspirations. In this cross-sectional evaluation, it was hypothesized that existing members (membership: 11 months – 28 years) would report better outcomes than new members (membership: 0–14 days). In total, 161 existing members and 76 new members completed a survey. Twenty-three members also participated in a semi-structured interview. Participants were aged on average 47.1 years (± 13.5), 62% were male and 31% had a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder. Existing members reported better scores than new members for: three of the four psychosocial recovery domains (Functional Recovery: 78.0% vs. 74.0%, p = 0.01; Symptom Management Recovery 69.5% vs. 65.2%, p = 0.03; Social Recovery 74.3% vs. 70.0%, p = 0.01); social connection with other members (38.1 vs. 32.2, p = 0.03) and staff (44.5 vs. 38.1, p = 0.02); quality-of-life summary scores (4.6 vs. 4.1, p = 0.01), and rates of mental health-related hospitalization (16% vs. 41%, p < 0.01). Existing members were also more likely to be in some form of employment, compared to new members (p = 0.01). There were no significant differences between existing and new members for their educational goals, with 58% of each group wanting further formal education. Stepping Stone members have better outcomes than members who have recently joined the Clubhouse. This evaluation was successful because it intentionally built evaluative capacity and empowered member-centric processes.
Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy Reveals Trace Elemental Indicators of Life History in Marsupial Teeth
Authors: Parker William M. G. , Adams Justin W. , Hocking David P. , Fitzgerald Erich M. G. , Shaw Geoff , Renfree Marilyn B. , Evans Alistair R.
Published: January 2025

As teeth develop, their mineralised composition is a bio-recorder of diet, environment, and growth. High-resolution elemental mapping provides a tool to reveal records of life history within teeth. The relative concentrations of a range of trace elements change between in utero development, birth, and weaning in eutherian mammals. Marsupials, however, have a different mode of development: altricial birth and growth within the pouch facilitated by compositional transitions in milk. How these differences alter patterns of elemental mineralisation and become recorded in marsupial teeth is previously unknown. This study analyses the distribution of calcium (major element), zinc (actively incorporated trace element), and strontium (passively incorporated trace element) in the teeth of five species of diprotodontian marsupial using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy. We find that the diprotodontian lower incisor concatenates elemental variation from across the molariform dentition, preserving a prolonged record of life history in four of the five species. Patterns of elemental incorporation in enamel, dentine, and cementum are presented, with Ca, Zn, and Sr having differing distributions. Zn accretion indicates a role in mineralisation and/or prevention of tooth degradation. Zn also demarcates incremental cementum lines. Sr is shown to be passively incorporated into marsupial teeth, with increasing Sr concentration in milk recorded in dental tissues formed contemporaneously. Older individuals have oscillatory signals in Sr that appear linked to seasonality. These findings highlight some similarities between eutherian and marsupial trace element incorporation, particularly in the distribution of Zn. Sr signals in marsupial teeth record key aspects of life history.
Modelling Temperature Profiles in Food Waste Composting: Monod Kinetics Under Varied Aeration Conditions
Authors: Lai Jia Chi , Then Yi Lung , Hwang Siaw San , Tam Yu Chao , Chua Cheryl Cai Ni
Published: January 2025

Composting has become a widely adopted alternative to landfilling for food waste management, offering significant environmental benefits by reducing waste and mitigating climate change. This study focuses on enhancing the efficiency of food waste composting by applying mathematical modelling to better understand the underlying biological and physiochemical mechanisms. First-order and Monod-type kinetic were incorporated to predict temperature variations in food waste composting under different aeration conditions. These models were solved and validated against experimental data to assess their predictive accuracy. In the composting process involved intermittent aeration, the modelled temperature profiles showed good agreement with experimental data, with mean temperature differences of 1.99 °C for the first-order and 2.16 °C for the Monod-type kinetic. Monod-type kinetic provided more consistent predictions, achieving a lower relative root mean square error (rRMSE) of 8.03%, while the first-order model exhibited larger temperature fluctuation. Notably, experimental data indicated a second peak in temperature on the seventh day, likely due to delayed microbial activity, a trend not fully captured by either model. In the composting process with continuous aeration, the Monod-type kinetic demonstrated better predictive performance at higher aeration rates, with an rRMSE of 10.82%. However, both models struggled to accurately predict complex temperature fluctuations at lower aeration rates. The results suggest that Monod-type kinetic provides superior prediction accuracy due to its ability to account for the interactions between multiple substrates and microorganisms. This study highlights the value of mathematical modelling in understanding and optimizing food waste composting processes. The findings offer practical insights for improving composting efficiency and operational management, ultimately contributing to reduced environmental impacts from food waste.
Actions of nilpotent groups on nilpotent groups
Authors: Burkhart Michael C.
Published: January 2025

For finite nilpotent groups

$J$

and

$N$

, suppose

$J$

acts on

$N$

via automorphisms. We exhibit a decomposition of the first cohomology set in terms of the first cohomologies of the Sylow

$p$

-subgroups of

$J$

that mirrors the primary decomposition of

$H^1(J,N)$

for abelian

$N$

. We then show that if

$N \rtimes J$

acts on some non-empty set

$\Omega$

, where the action of

$N$

is transitive and for each prime

$p$

a Sylow

$p$

-subgroup of

$J$

fixes an element of

$\Omega$

, then

$J$

fixes an element of

$\Omega$

.
Adjoint‐State Reflection Traveltime Tomography for Velocity and Interface Inversion With Its Application in Central California Near Parkfield
Authors: Chen Guoxu , Chen Jing , Li Tianjue , Xu Mijian , Zhao Qi , Tong Ping
Published: January 2025

Traveltime tomography considering reflection arrivals is a promising approach for investigating interface topography and near‐interface velocity heterogeneity. In this study, we formulate this inverse problem as an eikonal equation‐constrained optimization problem, in which the traveltime field of the reflection wave is accurately described by a two‐stage eikonal equation. The novelty lies in deriving the Fréchet derivative with respect to interface topography. By employing the coordinate transformation technique to convert an irregular physical domain with an undulating interface to a regular computational domain, we successfully encode the interface topography into the anisotropic parameters in the eikonal equation. This approach enables us to derive explicit forms of the Fréchet derivatives related to interface topography and velocity based on the adjoint‐state method, which is not only computationally efficient but also avoids potential inaccuracy in ray tracing. Several numerical experiments are conducted to verify our new method. Finally, we apply this method to central California near Parkfield by inverting traveltimes of both first‐P and Moho‐reflected waves (named PmP). The low‐velocity anomalies imaged in the lower crust are consistent with the along‐strike variations of low‐frequency earthquakes (LFEs) beneath the San Andreas Fault (SAF), suggesting the presence of fluids that may influence the occurrence of LFEs in this region.
The Efficient Integration of Dust and Numerical Weather Prediction for Renewable Energy Applications
Authors: Chen Xi , Chong Mei , Lin Shian‐Jiann , Liang Zhi , Ginoux Paul , Liang Yuan , Zhang Bihui , Song Qian , Wang Shengkai , Li Jiawei , Liu Yimin
Published: January 2025

The growing demand for renewable energy underscores the importance of accurate dust forecasting in regions with abundant wind and solar resources. However, leading real‐time global numerical weather prediction (NWP) models often lack dust modules due to computational constraints. Current “Near‐Real‐Time” dust forecasting services can only run after the completion of NWP, failing to meet the timeliness requirements for reporting power generation plans to the grids. This work proposes a global dust‐weather integrated (iDust) model development paradigm, efficiently incorporating dust modules into the dynamical core. Using about one‐eighth additional computing power, iDust extends global 12.5 km resolution NWP with dust prediction capabilities. iDust's forecasting abilities are evaluated against ECMWF CAMS forecast and NASA MERRA2 reanalysis, including verifications over China from March to May 2023 and three extreme dust events. Results show that iDust outperforms its counterparts in dust storm forecasting intensity and timing. Using iDust, global 12.5‐km 10‐day hourly dust storm forecast simulations initiated at 00UTC can produce results by 06UTC, enabling timely forecasting of severe dust storms with concentrations exceeding 1,000 μg/m3. This novel capability of iDust can meet the urgent forecasting needs of the renewable energy industry for extreme dust conditions, supporting the green energy transition.
Frequency-bin-encoded entanglement-based quantum key distribution in a reconfigurable frequency-multiplexed network
Authors: Khodadad Kashi Anahita , Kues Michael
Published: January 2025

Large-scale quantum networks require dynamic and resource-efficient solutions to reduce system complexity with maintained security and performance to support growing number of users over large distances. Current encoding schemes including time-bin, polarization, and orbital angular momentum, suffer from the lack of reconfigurability and thus scalability issues. Here, we demonstrate the first-time implementation of frequency-bin-encoded entanglement-based quantum key distribution and a reconfigurable distribution of entanglement using frequency-bin encoding. Specifically, we demonstrate a novel scalable frequency-bin basis analyzer module that allows for a passive random basis selection as a crucial step in quantum protocols, and importantly equips each user with a single detector rather than four detectors. This minimizes massively the resource overhead, reduces the dark count contribution, vulnerability to detector side-channel attacks, and the detector imbalance, hence providing an enhanced security. Our approach offers an adaptive frequency-multiplexing capability to increase the number of channels without hardware overhead, enabling increased secret key rate and reconfigurable multi-user operations. In perspective, our approach enables dynamic resource-minimized quantum key distribution among multiple users across diverse network topologies, and facilitates scalability to large-scale quantum networks.
Enhanced sensitivity and scalability with a Chip-Tip workflow enables deep single-cell proteomics
Authors: Ye Zilu , Sabatier Pierre , van der Hoeven Leander , Lechner Maico Y. , Phlairaharn Teeradon , Guzman Ulises H. , Liu Zhen , Huang Haoran , Huang Min , Li Xiangjun , Hartlmayr David , Izaguirre Fabiana , Seth Anjali , Joshi Hiren J. , Rodin Sergey , Grinnemo Karl-Henrik , Hørning Ole B. , Bekker-Jensen Dorte B. , Bache Nicolai , Olsen Jesper V.
Published: January 2025

Single-cell proteomics (SCP) promises to revolutionize biomedicine by providing an unparalleled view of the proteome in individual cells. Here, we present a high-sensitivity SCP workflow named Chip-Tip, identifying >5,000 proteins in individual HeLa cells. It also facilitated direct detection of post-translational modifications in single cells, making the need for specific post-translational modification-enrichment unnecessary. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of processing up to 120 label-free SCP samples per day. An optimized tissue dissociation buffer enabled effective single-cell disaggregation of drug-treated cancer cell spheroids, refining overall SCP analysis. Analyzing nondirected human-induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation, we consistently quantified stem cell markers OCT4 and SOX2 in human-induced pluripotent stem cells and lineage markers such as GATA4 (endoderm), HAND1 (mesoderm) and MAP2 (ectoderm) in different embryoid body cells. Our workflow sets a benchmark in SCP for sensitivity and throughput, with broad applications in basic biology and biomedicine for identification of cell type-specific markers and therapeutic targets.
A simplified computational liver perfusion model, with applications to organ preservation
Authors: Emerson Daniel , Rabin Yoed , Kara Levent Burak
Published: January 2025

Advanced liver preservation strategies could revolutionize liver transplantation by extending preservation time, thereby allowing for broader availability and better matching of transplants. However, developing new cryopreservation protocols requires exploration of a complex design space, further complicated by the scarcity of real human livers to experiment upon. We aim to create computational models of the liver to aid in the development of new cryopreservation protocols. Towards this goal, we present an approach for generating 3D models of the liver vasculature by building upon the space colonization algorithm. Additionally, we introduce the concept of a super lobule which enables a computational abstraction of biological liver lobules. User-tunable parameters allow for vasculatures of varying depth and topology to be generated. In each model, we solve for a common lumped resistance value assigned to the super lobules, allowing the overall physiological blood pressure and flow rate through the liver to be preserved. We demonstrate our approach’s ability to maintain consistency between models of varying depth. Finally, we simulate steady state machine perfusion of the generated models and demonstrate how they can be used to quickly test the effect of different boundary conditions when designing organ preservation protocols.
In-silico screening and analysis of missense SNPs in human CYP3A4/5 affecting drug-enzyme interactions of FDA-approved COVID-19 antiviral drugs
Authors: Abdelazim Amro A. , Maged Mohamad , Abdelmaksoud Ahmed I. , Hassanein Sameh E.
Published: January 2025

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) represent the prevailing form of genetic variations observed in the human population. Such variations could alter the encoded enzymes’ activities. CYP3A4/5 enzymes are involved in metabolizing drugs, notably antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. In this work, we computationally investigated antiviral-enzyme interactions of CYP3A4/5 genetic variants. We also examined the deleterious impact of 751 missense single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the CYP3A4/5 genes. An ensemble of bioinformatics tools, [SIFT, PolyPhen-2, cadd, revel, metaLr, mutation assessor, Panther, SNP&GO, PhD-SNP, SNAP, Meta-SNP, FATHMM, I-Mutant, MuPro, INPS, CONSURF, GPS 5.0, MusiteDeep and NetPhos], identified a total of 94 variants (47 SNPs in CYP3A4, 47 SNPs in CYP3A5) to potentially impact the structural integrity as well as the activity of the CYP3A4/5 enzymes. Molecular docking was done to recognize the structural stability and binding properties of the CYP3A4/5 protein isoforms with 3 FDA-approved antiviral drugs. Our findings indicated that the CYP3A4 gene variants; R418T, I335T and R130P and the CYP3A5 gene variants; I335T, L133P and R130Q are considered the most deleterious missense SNPs. These mutants potentially affect drug-enzyme binding and hence may alter therapeutic response. Cataloguing deleterious SNPs is essential for personalized gene-based pharmacotherapy.
Photolysis of fungicides on simulated leaf surfaces vs. aqueous solutions: pathways, kinetics, and environmental detoxification insights
Authors: Zhang Chenyang , Zhang Xuewei , Yang Xuerui , Xiu Guangli , Chovelon Jean-Marc , Zhou Lei
Published: January 2025

Comparison of the photochemical behaviors including kinetics, pathways and toxicities of three fungicides—kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin, and cyprodinil—between carnauba wax films and aqueous solutions.
Ultrafast broadband spectroscopy of widely spread excitonic features in WSe2 nanosheets
Authors: Goswami Tanmay , Bhatt Himanshu , Yadav Dharmendra Kumar , Ghosh Hirendra N.
Published: January 2025

Pauli blocking at the band-edge valley reduces the recombination rate of high-energy excitons in WSe2, enhancing its potential as an exceptional optoelectronic material.
Implementing a sulfur-substitution approach toward a high-performance recyclable polythioester
Authors: Wang Si-Qi , Liu Long-Hai , Li Kun , Xiong Wei , Fan Hua-Zhong , Cao Qing , Cai Zhongzheng , Zhu Jian-Bo
Published: January 2025

By implementing a sulfur-substitution approach, the resulting polythioester P(tCL) exhibited excellent chemical recyclability and high-performance properties such as high crystallinity, excellent gas barrier, and polyolefin-like mechanical property.
Chemically recyclable poly(thioether-thioester)s via ring-opening polymerization of seven-membered thiolactones
Authors: Liu Long-Hai , Wang Si-Qi , Fan Hua-Zhong , Cao Qing , Cai Zhongzheng , Zhu Jian-Bo
Published: January 2025

These poly(thioether-thioester)s based on the seven-membered thiolactones paved the pathway towards the development of next-generation chemically recyclable sulfur-containing polymers.
Towards homogenous multiwell plate based pH sensors using a responsive triangulenium dye and an ATTO-647 reference dye
Authors: Wied Magnus Christian , Sørensen Thomas Just
Published: January 2025

pH remains the most important chemical parameter and must be monitored for positive outcomes in areas as different as cheese making and in vitro fertilisation (IVF).
A self-healing, deformation-resistant MXene double-network hydrogel for stable solar-driven interfacial evaporation
Authors: Zhao Ruiqi , Chen Xushuai , Chen Xi , Zhang Panpan , Luo Chunjia , Zhang Pengfei , Chao Min , Yan Luke
Published: January 2025

A self-healing, deformation-resistant MXene double-network hydrogel for stable solar-driven interfacial evaporation.
Developing a Passive Energy Consumption Reduction Solution
Authors: Cherkaoui Marwane , Mouhat Ouadia , Rougui Mohamed , Oukmi Hasna
Published: January 2025

This study focuses on optimizing the energy efficiency of polyethylene tunnel greenhouses in Mediterranean climates using Design Builder and EnergyPlus software. The research examines the impact of different greenhouse orientations and opening configurations on energy consumption for heating and cooling. The east-west (90°) orientation was found to be the most effective in reducing cooling needs during summer while slightly increasing winter heating requirements. Various opening configurations were tested, including 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%, with openings positioned at the bottom on one side and the top on the opposite side. The 20% opening configuration was identified as optimal for annual energy management. However, a monthly adaptive planning strategy was developed to further enhance energy efficiency. This planning involves keeping the greenhouse closed during winter, using 100% openings in summer, and 20% openings during transitional months. The proposed monthly planning resulted in a significant reduction in energy consumption, decreasing daytime usage by 27.3%, night time usage by 29%, and overall annual energy consumption by 27.6%. This research demonstrates that strategic orientation and adaptive opening management can substantially improve the energy efficiency of greenhouses in Mediterranean climates.
Model of AlGaN/GaN based on High Electron Mobility Transistors using SILVACO ATLAS™
Authors: El-Yazami Chaimae , Bri Seddik , El Fadl Adiba
Published: January 2025

Since the introduction of semiconductors, the world has undergone numerous profound transformations during the past few decades. With advancements in technology, semiconductor products' performance requirements keep rising. Research on novel materials and device structures is required to meet the criteria. This research presents a novel GaN HEMT construction. The components of an AlGaN/GaN heterojunction HEMT are the drain, source and gate electrode. Since M. Asif Khan and his colleagues published the first AlGaN/GaN HEMT in 1993, a lot of HEMT structures have been reported by researchers; nevertheless, none of them contain three electrodes on distinct sides of the device. In this study, we constructed a 2DEG GaN HEMT and observed its features, including its drain current characteristics curves, Ion/Ioff ratio, and transconductance characteristics curves. Which were acquired from simulations carried out with Silvaco ATLAS™.
Summary of the 2023 (1st edition) Report of TCEP (Tracking Clean Energy Progress) by the International Energy Agency (IEA), and Proposed Process for Computing a Single Aggregate Rating
Authors: Marzouk Osama A.
Published: January 2025

We provide a summary of the progress of all the 53 assessed components describing the global alignment with the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE) of the International Energy Agency (IEA), with an intermediate trajectory scope of 2030. The 53 components (grouped in eight categories) cover sectors (such as Transport, and Buildings), subsectors (such as Aviation, and Building Envelopes), technologies (such as Biofuels, and Electrification), infrastructure and cross-cutting strategies (such as CO2 Transport and Storage, and Electrolyzers). For each component, IEA assigned one of three qualitative progress levels; namely “On track”, “More efforts needed”, or “Not on track”. The IEA’s assessment results were made publicly available in the form of an online web-based report, titled “Tracking Clean Energy Progress”, or TCEP, which was published on 12/July/2023. Out of the TCEP’s 53 assessed components, only three were rated as “On track”, and these are (1) Solar Photovoltaic (PV), (2) Electric Vehicles (EV), and (3) Building Lighting. For the remaining 50 assessed components of TCEP; 28 were rated as “More efforts needed”, and 22 were rated as “Not on track”. We propose a quantitative aggregate numerical score to describe the overall progress in the global clean energy transition as reflected by the TCEP components, and we compute it as 2.23/4 (or 55.7%). Finally, we present selected historical records (based on IEA data) about the three satisfactory components of TCEP for the global clean energy transition.
A Combined MPC and PI Control Strategy for Bidirectional Interleaved Totem Pole PFC Converters in Electric Vehicle G2V and V2G Applications
Authors: Lassioui Abdellah , Kabba Abdelaziz , El Ancary Marouane , Hasni Anwar , El Asri Yassine , El Idrissi Zakariae , El Fadil Hassan
Published: January 2025

This paper presents an optimized control strategy for a bidirectional interleaved totem pole Power Factor Correction (PFC) converter, employing a combination of Model Predictive Control (MPC) and a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller. The converter’s mathematical model is used to implement the MPC, which ensures a unit power factor during both Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) operations. Meanwhile, the PI controller regulates the DC-side voltage. It is worth noting that the MPC’s design eliminates the need for a comparator to generate the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal, simplifying the control architecture. The proposed control technique’s effectiveness is validated through various simulation scenarios in both G2V and V2G power transfer modes, demonstrating satisfactory performance. This integrated approach provides a robust solution for efficient energy management and high-quality power conversion in bidirectional PFC converters.
A Novel Hybrid Machine Learning Framework for Wind Speed Prediction
Authors: Rhafes Mohamed Yassine , Moussaoui Omar , Raboaca Maria Simona , Mihaltan Traian Candin
Published: January 2025

The growing urgency of environmental challenges and the depletion of fossil fuels have accelerated the search for sustainable and renewable energy sources. Wind energy, for example, is an important source of green electricity. However, using wind power is challenging due to the variability and unpredictability of wind patterns. Consequently, the ability to predict wind power in advance is crucial. The integration of artificial intelligence within the renewable energy sector could provide a viable solution to this challenge. In this study, we investigate the potential of machine learning to improve wind power forecasting by conducting a comparison of three regression models: K-Nearest Neighbor regression, Random Forest regression, and Support Vector regression. These models are combined with a feature selection technique to forecast wind power. Additionally, we propose a novel hybrid approach that combines these machine learning models with Multiple Linear Regression to address the complexities of wind energy forecasting. The performance of the models is evaluated using the R² score, Mean Absolute Error, and Root Mean Squared Error. The dataset for this study was generated from a numerical simulation conducted at a location with a latitude of 22.55° N and a longitude of -14.33° E. The findings demonstrate that the proposed hybrid model outperforms the individual machine learning models in terms of prediction accuracy. This study provides a solid foundation for future research and development in wind energy forecasting.
The optoelectronic properties of boron nitride nanotubes of armchair (7, 7) and zigzag (12, 0) types: A theoretical study
Authors: El Ouardi Oumaima , Boutahir Mourad , Fakrach Brahim , Chadli Hassan
Published: January 2025

In this article, the electronic and optical properties of single-walled boron nitride nanotubes (SWBNNTs) in zigzag (12, 0) and armchair (7, 7) configurations were examined using density functional theory (DFT) with the Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package (VASP). The analysis shows that SWBNNTs exhibit electronic characteristics with a density of states and an electronic band gap around 4 eV. Regarding optical properties, the calculations reveal key features such as absorption, reflection, and dielectric constant, with a notably strong absorption peak in the ultraviolet region. These results highlight the potential of SWBNNTs for applications in optoelectronic devices.
Human resources development in farming and fisheries for food security
Authors: Abdulla Nadhiya , Vasylieva Natalia
Published: January 2025

The article delves into the issues of providing food security in the Maldives, a nation that regularly faces adverse weather conditions and natural disasters. These challenges include tsunamis, heavy rainfall, and strong winds that damage infrastructure, fishing vessels, agricultural land, contaminate freshwater resources and wash away entire islands during the monsoon season. The research purpose was to support workforce development to compensate for shortage of natural and technical resources in farming and fisheries. The explored data was collected from Maldives Bureau of Statistics. The applied statistical and clustering methods proved that training in farming should share knowledge of cutting-edge technologies like Hydroponics and Pest control, benefit female farmers, involve the youth in local agriculture and be evenly distributed among the Atolls. The study findings based on ranking and trend analysis argue that unstable employment is the paramount problem in fisheries. It is recommended to optimize a number of fishermen per vessel by Atolls and promote acquiring skills of advanced eco-friendly fishing. Overall research results created a reliable foundation for systematic development of qualified human resources in farming and fisheries that are crucial for strengthening food security in a risky environment.
Sirombu in West Nias during the 2004 and 2005 earthquakes and tsunamis: A preliminary study
Authors: Anatona  , Hakam Abdul , Muhajir Ahmad , Roja Azizah Hanifa , Yus Arimawati Nehe Lusia
Published: January 2025

Sirombu, a coastal settlement and trading hub on the western coast of Nias Island in Indonesia, was severely impacted by the devastating earthquakes and tsunamis that struck Aceh and the western offshore islands of Sumatra on December 26, 2004, and again on March 27, 2005. This paper examines the immediate aftermath of these catastrophic events in Sirombu. Employing a historical methodology and drawing upon diverse data sources, the study reveals the rapid transformation of life in Sirombu from normalcy to chaos and fear as the disasters unfolded. The earthquakes and tsunamis resulted in significant loss of life and injuries, widespread destruction of homes, markets, the seaport, and other infrastructure, and the displacement of the local population.
Assessing terrain shifts and infrastructure impact: A dual approach using satellite imagery and UAV data in the Cibedug, Rongga landslide
Authors: Hilmi Zaenal Putra Moch , Tohari Adrin , Fakrus Shomim Achmad , Soebowo Eko , Sudrajat Yayat , Amar  , Wahyudin  , Sarah Dwi
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the Rongga landslide, located on the southwest-facing slope of the southern mountain range in West Java, Indonesia, which is particularly prone to landslides due to its geological composition and topographical features. The research integrates high-resolution satellite imagery and UAV data to analyse the vertical, horizontal, and rotational displacements caused by the landslide. Vertical displacement was observed at the main crown, right flank, and left flank, with variations ranging from 1.5 to 4 meters. Horizontal movement was quantified across different zones of the landslide, with the upper zone experiencing the greatest displacement of 6.5 meters, and the lower zone showing the least at 3 meters. Rotational movements were significant in the upper and lower zones but were absent in the middle zone. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the dynamics of the Rongga landslide and lays the groundwork for future mitigation strategies.
Seismic vulnerability analysis of irregular and regular structures using fragility curve
Authors: Rehni Setiati , Masrilayanti  , Ruddy Kurniawan , Asri Luthfi Ainy , Sourkan Sulleyman
Published: January 2025

The demand for innovative and visually appealing building designs according to specific desires or needs has led to many structures being built with irregularities. High-rise buildings with structural irregularities are at a higher risk of collapse during an earthquake if they are not designed and constructed properly according to existing regulations. Some buildings have non-uniform floor heights, which can lead to uneven distribution of stiffness throughout the structure vertically. Excessive height of one floor compared to the floor above it can potentially create an excessive soft story. Evaluating and assessing seismic vulnerability of structures is a major issue in earthquake-resistant design. This study discusses an analytical model for developing fragility curves by evaluating the seismic performance of a structure. The objective of this research is to determine and compare the estimated fragility levels of structures subjected to seismic loads between irregular structures with soft story irregularities and regular structures. Based on the results and discussion, it can be concluded that irregular structures (with soft story irregularities) have higher fragility levels compared to regular structures in both the x and y directions.
Analysis of slope stability to determine the causes of collapse the primary canal in the North-Raman irrigation-area, Central Lampung
Authors: Kastamto  , Fitri Arniza , Mera Mas , Zain Alfath , Susarman  , Dewantoro Fajar
Published: January 2025

A 25-meter primary-canal in the North-Raman Irrigation-Area (NRIA) collapsed in December 2021. Before the landslide occurred, the rainfall intensity reached 153 mm/hour. Field surveys at the time of the incident revealed that a large enough discharge overflowed from the Raman River, inundating the NRIA. This shows that landslides were most likely triggered by groundwater infiltration due to either high intensity rainfall or flooding. The soil conditions are also unable to support the primary-canal embankment. The present research objective is to carry out slope stability analysis to determine the causes of collapse of the NRIA embankment using the Geo-Slope and Plaxis 8.6 numerical models. Soil parameters are tested and measured in the field and laboratory. The safety factor (SF) at the study site is determined by both models, and then compared with the allowable SF to assess slope stability which should be bigger than 1.5 if no earthquake occurs. However, the Geo-Slope model produces an SF of 0.97. This means that the embankment is very vulnerable to landslides. The laboratory result reinforces this finding where embankment void-ratio is 1.5 (high). A high void ratio can cause water infiltration into the soil, thereby reducing soil stability and bearing capacity.
Revision Surgery of Osteolysis of Carpal Bones Caused by Osteomyelitis after Pancarpal Arthrodesis with an En bloc Corticocancellous Bone Autograft
Authors: Senn Markus , Kircher Patrick R. , Unger Martin
Published: January 2025

Various complications have been reported after pancarpal arthrodesis, but to our knowledge, no reports of complete carpal bone osteolysis leading to failure of the pancarpal arthrodesis have been described. Possible causes in our cases include primary or surgical trauma, as well as bone infections. The revision surgery in our cases employed a corticocancellous bone autograft from the iliac wing, which has been successfully used in nonunion fractures to refill bone defects. In both cases the graft was accepted well, complete bone fragment ingrowth and remodelling, and a stable arthrodesis of the carpal joint was achieved. In subsequent rechecks, the animals displayed good weight-bearing on the afflicted limbs.
Hemiartroplastia de quadril em pacientes com mieloma múltiplo: Uma série de casos retrospectivos e revisão da literatura
Authors: Mahmoud Ahmed Nageeb , Ordas-Bayon Alejandro , Doyle Catherine Mary , Echeverry-Martinez Maria F. , Horwitz Daniel S.
Published: January 2025

Objetivos As fraturas do colo femoral em pacientes com mieloma múltiplo são geralmente tratadas com hemiartroplastia ou artroplastia total do quadril de acordo com a presença de infiltração acetabular. Devido à escassez de relatos nesta área, o objetivo deste estudo é revisar os desfechos clínicos da hemiartroplastia do quadril em pacientes com mieloma múltiplo e os resultados e a sobrevida neste subconjunto de pacientes.

Métodos Um total de 15 pacientes (16 casos), com idade média de 71,7 anos e portadores de mieloma, foram submetidos à hemiartroplastia de quadril para tratamento de fraturas de colo femoral com luxação. Suas radiografias e dados clínicos foram avaliados. Destes casos, 13 passaram pela hemiartroplastia bipolar e três pela unipolar.

Resultados Após um acompanhamento médio de 18,2 meses desde o momento da cirurgia, 3 casos sofreram fraturas periprotéticas (18,75%), 4 casos (25%) tiveram ossificação heterotópica e 1 caso (6,25%) apresentou erosão acetabular. A mortalidade dos pacientes em 1 e 5 anos foi de 53,3 e 73,3%, respectivamente.

Conclusão A hemiartroplastia de quadril ainda é uma opção terapêutica viável em pacientes com mieloma. No entanto, a morbidade e a mortalidade podem ser altas nesses pacientes e devem ser compreendidas com sensatez antes da cirurgia para atingir bons resultados.
Policy Tensions Between Discourses on Internationalisation and Gender in Swedish Higher Education
Authors: Angervall Petra , Simonsson Angelica
Published: January 2025

One emphasised discourse in Swedish higher education policy is internationalisation, which is in line with EU recommendations to ensure a sustainable knowledge system. This knowledge system, perhaps especially in Sweden, also emphasises the importance of gender equity. In this study, we are interested in the recontextualisation between discourses of internationalisation and gender in Swedish higher education (HE) at both national and local levels. We use critical discourse analysis to examine two different examples: (1) discourses in national HE policy, and, (2) discourses at a Swedish university and one of its departments. Overall, we find that government discourses on HE are recontextualised in ways that support national, standardised interests rather than local university needs. Although these discourses emphasise the importance of both internationalisation and gender through articulations of mobility, sustainability and equity, there are strong individualistic aspirations in line with a meritocratic system. These patterns are even more pronounced at the local university level, where these discourses join to promote certain successful departments and academic subjects. In conclusion, the findings illustrate how the recontextualisation between internationalisation and gender discourses legitimises the prevailing gender divide — not the other way around — but also that this recontextualisation can create tensions and changes.
Comparison of temperature and humidity measurements from two separate weather stations at Camden Airport, Australia
Authors: Riley Matthew L.
Published: January 2025

In Australia, meteorological measurements from air quality monitoring networks are an overlooked source of data for urban climatology and meteorology research and operations. The reasons for this are not clear but may include uncertainty in the quality of the observations. Here I compare over 1 million 1-min near surface air temperature (n = 516,334) and relative humidity (n = 516,717) measurements from two distinct observational stations at Camden Airport in New South Wales (NSW), Australia – the Bureau of Meteorology automatic weather station (AWS) and the NSW Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water’s air quality monitoring station (AQMS). Annual mean bias in the AQMS temperature measurements was −0.14°C. There were seasonal and diurnal variations in temperature bias, with monthly mean bias varying from −0.27 to +0.06°C and mean hourly bias varying between −0.39 and +0.11°C. Annual mean bias in AQMS humidity measurements was −0.37%, monthly mean bias varied from −2.21 to +1.44% and bias in mean hourly measurements varied between −2.64 and +2.66%. Temperature and humidity mean biases were both within the range of the combined instrument uncertainties. The seasonal and diurnal signal in the bias is likely due to differences in instrument siting and the different radiation shields (Stevenson and multi-plate). This analysis suggests that temperature and humidity measurements from the NSW AQMS are of high quality. The performance of the AQMS measurements matches the AWS measurements and, for most circumstances, the temperature and humidity measurements are comparable. Urban climatologists and meteorologists should consider data from air quality networks in their research and can use this data with confidence.