bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Escritos en torno a Cine sin Autor / Writings about Cinema Without Authorship
Authors: Tudurí Gerardo
Published: September 2017

Selección de textos de Gerardo Tudurí en torno al trabajo del colectivo Cine sin Autor.
Artivismo, activismo y sin autoría audiovisual: el caso del colectivo Cine sin Autor (CsA) / Artivism, activism and audiovisual authorship: the case of Cine sin Autor (CsA)
Authors: Sedeño-Valdellós Ana
Published: September 2017

Resumen: El cine sin autor es un proceso de producción audiovisual que problematiza algunas de las ideas canónicas o fijas de la traslación de la autoridad desde un individuo hasta la gente común en temas de producción y realización audiovisual. En otros trabajos anteriores ya se han destacado algunas de sus características y analizado obras y prácticas de un colectivo (el de Cine sin Autor o CsA) que ha dado lugar a lo que llamábamos sinautoría audiovisual, con un objetivo pedagógico y de propuesta alternativa de lenguaje audiovisual.
El texto presente trata de enmarcar este colectivo audiovisual en la tradición del artivismo y activismo audiovisual y analizar algunos últimos proyectos del colectivo, que respaldan una propuesta formal alternativa, y permiten hablar de una representación experimental alejada de una narración o representación clásica. Il corpo qui sogna, Ciak o Mátame si puedes son algunos de ellos.
Abstract:
Without authorship is an audiovisual production process that problematize some of the canonical or fixed ideas of the transfer about authorshio and authority from one individual to the common people on issues of audiovisual production. In previous works we have already highlighted some of its characteristics and analyzed some works and practices from a collective (Cine sin Autor or CsA) that we called as "audiovisual without authorship", an alternative for an audiovisual language and with a pedagogical purpose.
This text tries to frame this audiovisual collective in the tradition of artivism and audiovisual activism and to analyze some recent projects of the group, which support a formal proposal for an alternative, and allow to speak about an alternative narrative and an experimental representation. Il corpo qui sogna, Ciak or Mátame si puedes are some of them.
Tango y Lunfardo: un estudio transatlántico sobre la identidad argentina / Tango and Lunfardo: a Transtlantic study about Argentinian Identity
Authors: André María Claudia
Published: September 2017

Resumen: Nacido en el arrabal bonaerense, producto de múltiples influencias socio-culturales, el tango argentino indudablemente se encuentra entre los estilos de música que mejor logran transmitir el pensamiento y el sentir de un pueblo.    Este ensayo examina la función y el efecto de la experiencia transatlántica de la inmigración europea como una fuerza que moldeó y transformó la cultura fundacional argentina, redefiniendo no  sólo su perfil racial, sino también gran parte de su panorama intelectual, social y cultural.  Empleando como lente crítico los estudios poscoloniales y transatlánticos, el presente ensayo analiza la evolución de la música y del baile del tango con el fin de definir la compleja red de referentes que conforman  la identidad del país. Palabras clave: tango, identidad, transatlántico, poscolonial, inmigración, subalterno, lunfardo.Abstract: Born in the slums of Buenos Aires, a product of multiple socio-cultural influences, the Argentine tango is undoubtedly among the music styles that best conveys the thought and the feeling of the people.  This essay examines the role and effect of the transatlantic experience of Europan immigration as a force that shaped and transformed Argentina’s foundational culture, redefining not only its racial profile, but also much of its spiritural, social, and intellectual landscape. Through the critical lens of postcolonial and transatlantic studies, the current essay analizes the evolution of tango music and dance aiming to determine the complex network of referents that conform the country’s identity.Keywords: tango, identity, transatlantic, postcolonial, immigration, subaltern, lunfardo.
¿Habrá moros en la costa? La producción cultural centroamericana leída desde España / Would there be Moors on the Coast? Central American Cultural Production as Read from Spain
Authors: Arias Arturo
Published: September 2017

Resumen: La literatura centroamericana hizo su aparición en la península española cuando Rubén Darío viajo hacia Madrid en 1892. París y Madrid se convirtieron en las metrópolis culturales de Centroamérica a partir de esa fecha. Sin embargo, su pertenencia a la región no fue reconocida como tal. En España esta producción fue leída desde una perspectiva hispano-céntrica que le fue útil a la península para resolver sus propias contradicciones de legitimación en el seno de Europa. En consecuencia, los escritores centroamericanos que publican con éxito en la península no pueden ser centroamericanos y cosmopolitas a la vez. En España se transforman en “hispanoamericanos.” Lo anterior elide su centro-americanidad, impidiendo la validación de sus pertenencias afectivas regionales o nacionales a un espacio específico.Palabras clave: Literatura, Modernismo, Darío, Hispanoamérica, istmo, cosmopolitismo, Centro-americanidad, marginalidad.Abstract: Central American literature first appeared in the Spanish peninsula when Rubén Darío traveled to Madrid in 1892. Paris and Madrid became since then the Central American cultural metropoles. However, their belongingness to the region was not recognized as such. In Spain, this production was read from a Hispano-centric perspective that was useful for the peninsula to solve its own issues of legitimization within Europe. As a result, Central American writers that publish successfully in Spain cannot be Central American and Cosmopolitan at the same time. In Spain, they become “Hispanic Americans”. This elides their Central Americanness, preventing the validation of their regional or national affective belonging to a specific space.Keywords: Literature, Modernism, Darío, Hispanic America, isthmus, Cosmopolitism, Central Americanity, marginality.
La rapsodia postcolonial como activismo global: el Movimiento Zapatista y la guerra de la palabra / Postcolonial rhapsody as global activism: the Zapatista Movement and the war of the words
Authors: Domínguez Ruvalcaba Héctor
Published: September 2017

Resumen: Este ensayo interpreta las declaraciones de la Selva Lacandona emitidas desde 1994 por el Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional como un periplo que parte de una síntesis de la teología de la liberación y la guerrilla marxista latinoamericana a una postura expresada como la aglutinación de discursos que componen las culturas de la resistencia globales. Entiendo la primera como una ideología anticolonial, en la medida que concibe su lucha como un deseo de liberación de la dependencia de los países latinoamericanos de los imperialismos modernos. Podemos considerar la pluralidad de discursos en que el zapatismo ha desembocado, tras su vínculo con grupos diversos de resistencia, como una forma postcolonial de hacer política. Propongo aquí analizar la interlocución de los comunicados zapatistas como una política de redes cuyo centro se establece precisamente en Chiapas. Más que un punto de convergencia coyuntural, La Selva Lacandona pasa a ser un punto de quiasmo de una diversidad de agendas políticas que se han llamado altermundistas.Palabras clave: Zapatismo, colonialidad, liberación, autonomía, globalización, resistencia.Abstract: This essay interprets the Selva Lacandona Declarations, published since 1994 by the Zapatista Army of National Liberation as a journey departing from a synthesis of Liberation Theology and the Latin American Marxist guerrilla towards a posture expressed as the agglutination of discourses encompassing the global resistance cultures. I understand the first as an anticolonial ideology, as it deems its fight a Latin American liberation desire from dependency on modern imperialism. We can consider the plurality of discourses Zapatismo has become a postcolonial form of doing politics, after its link with a diversity of resistance groups. My aim here is to analyze the Zapatista communications with the web politics whose center is located in Chiapas. More than a convergence juncture the Selva Lacandona becomes a chiasm of a diversity of political agendas of the so-called alter-world.Keywords: Zapatismo, coloniality, liberation, autonomy, globalization, resistance.
Las migraciones coloniales del Caribe a Estados Unidos y Europa Occidental: colonialidades diferenciadas en cuatro centros del sistema-mundo / Colonial Caribbean Migrations to Western Europe and the USA: Differentiated Colonialities in Four Metropoles of the World-System
Authors: Grosfoguel Ramón
Published: September 2017

Resumen: Este artículo compara cuatro migraciones caribeñas hacia las cuatro metrópolis que dominan el Caribe hoy. Se trata de las migraciones desde territorios no-independientes del Caribe: desde Martinica/Guadalupe hacia Francia, Puerto Rico hacia los Estados Unidos, Surinam/Caribe Holandés hacia Holanda y Caribe Británico hacia el Reino Unido. El artículo no solamente compara los procesos de emigración sino también los procesos de incorporación al llegar a las cuatro metrópolis. La comparación nos da una idea fundamental acerca de las diferencias entre estas metrópolis en términos de ciudadanía, mito fundacional de nación, racismo, y política pública hacia las minorías racializadas.Palabras clave: Caribe, migración colonial, colonialidad, Sistema-mundo.Abstract: This article compares four Caribbean migrations towards the four Metropoles that dominate the Caribbean today. In particular, it deals with migrations from non-independent territories in the Caribbean: from Martinique/Guadaloupe to France, Puerto Rico to the USA, Surinam/Dutch Caribbean to The Netherlands, and British Caribbean to the United Kingdom. The article not only compares the emigration processes but also the incoporation processes once they arrive to the four metropoles. The comparison gives us a fundamental idea about the differences between the four metropoles in terms of citizenship, foundational myth about the nation, racism and public policy towards racialized minorities.Key words: Caribbean, Colonial Migration, Coloniality, World-System.
Geopolítica, (de)colonialidad e identidad: la conciencia dividida de Rubén Darío / Geopolitics, (De)coloniality and Identity: the Divided Consciousness of Rubén Darío
Authors: List Jared
Published: September 2017

Resumen: En este artículo, analizo los ensayos, crónicas y artículos periodísticos de Rubén Darío a través del marco de la colonialidad del poder y la colonialidad del saber desarrollado por Aníbal Quijano entre otros. Argumento que leyendo sus escritos políticos, observamos a un sujeto con una conciencia dividida. Por un lado, Darío reproduce el pensamiento eurocéntrico que caracteriza la colonialidad y por otro lado, critica y cuestiona tal paradigma. Para apoyar mi argumento, empleo las divisiones geopolíticas ‘Este/Oeste’ y ‘Norte/Sur’ para trazar las preocupaciones y pensamientos del poeta nicaragüense sobre los Estados Unidos y Europa. En otras palabras, examino desde dónde piensa Darío y cómo sus posiciones alinean con o se desvían de la colonialidad y/o la de-colonialidad.Palabras clave: Rubén Darío, colonialidad del poder, de-colonialidad, geopolítica, conciencia dividida.Abstract: In this article, I analyze Rubén Darío’s essays, chronicles, and newspaper articles through the framework of the coloniality of power and the coloniality of knowledge developed by Aníbal Quijano among others. I argue that reading his political writings, we observe a subject with a divided consciousness. On one hand, Darío repro-duces Eurocentric thinking that characterizes coloniality and, on the other hand, he criticizes and questions such paradigm. To support my argument, I use the geopolitical divisions ‘East/West’ and ‘North/South’ in order to trace the Nicaraguan poet’s concerns and thoughts regarding Europe and the United States. In other words, I examine from where Darío thinks and how his positions align with or deviate from coloniality and de-coloniality.Keywords: Rubén Darío, Coloniality of Power, Coloniality of Knowledge, De-coloniality, Geopolitics, Divided Consciousness
El Mashreq francés en México. Patronazgo, propiedad y la lectura de los cuerpos en la Poscolonia / The French Mashreq in Mexico. Patronage, Property and Body readings in Postcolony
Authors: Pastor de Maria y Campos Camila
Published: September 2017

Resumen: Este texto explora la ambivalencia en la producción estructural y discursiva de las posiciones de clase de migrantes que han circulado entre Líbano, Siria y México a lo largo del siglo veinte. Su argumento central es que la inscripción de su subalternidad como sujetos del mandato francés sobre el Mashreq, durante la primera mitad del siglo veinte, ha sido constitutiva de su acceso a una posición privilegiada en el contexto mexicano.Palabras clave: Mashreq, México, Francia, subalternidad, patronazgo. Abstract: This paper explores the ambivalence in the structural and discursive production of the class positions of migrants that have circulated between Lebanon, Syria and Mexico throughout the twentieth century. Its central argument is that the inscription of their subalternity as subjects of the French mandate on the Mashreq during the first half of the twentieth century has constituted their access to a privileged position in the Mexican context.Key words: Mashreq, México, France, Subalternity, Patronage.
Memoria transatlántica, ensayos fundacionales y espectros de la historia / Transatlantic Memory, Foundational Essays and Spectres of History
Authors: Sanjinés Javier
Published: September 2017

Resumen: El trabajo analiza la importancia de algunos ensayos fundacionales en la construcción de un discurso crítico latinoamericano y subraya los maridajes transatlánticos en sus planteamientos fundamentales, incidiendo en el impacto perturbador que lo europeo tuvo sobre la conciencia andina. Desde ese punto de vista se analiza en primer lugar la aportación de Alcides Arguedas, con Pueblo enfermo y en su debate con Tamayo. En segundo lugar se analizan los debates en torno a la obra de Carlos Montenegro y Jose María Arguedas y se contextualizan sus intervenciones en un proceso más amplio de construcción de la conciencia andina. En último lugar, se revisa la aportación de Mariátegui en sus Siete ensayos de interpretación de la realidad peruana, y su construcción de una ontología del presente capaz de redefinir las relaciones entre el tiempo y el espacio.Palabras clave: Ensayos fundacionales, Alcides Arguedas, José María Arguedas, Montenegro, Mariátegui.Abstract: The paper analyzes the importance of some foundational essays in the construction of a Latin American critical discourse and emphasizes transatlantic marriage in its fundamental approaches, emphasizing the disturbing impact that the European had on Andean consciousness. From that point of view, we first analyze the contribution of Alcides Arguedas, with Pueblo enfermo and in his debate with Tamayo. In the second place, we focus on the debates about the work of Carlos Montenegro and Jose María Arguedas and their interventions are contextualized in a wider process of construction of Andean consciousness. Finally, we review the contribution of Mariátegui in his Siete ensayos de interpretación de la realidad peruana, and its construction of an ontology of the present capable of redefining the relations between time and space.Keywords: Foundational essays, Alcides Arguedas, José María Arguedas, Montenegro, Mariátegui.
Literaturas nacionales y literaturas nacionalizadas. Consideraciones en torno a la recepción del boom hispanoamericano en España / National Literatures and Nationalized Literatures. Reflections on the Reception of Latin American boom in Spain
Authors: Santana Mario
Published: September 2017

Resumen: Este artículo reflexiona en torno a la noción de literatura nacional a partir de la relación recepción que los escritores latinoamericanos del boom tuvieron en el campo literario español. ¿Cómo dar cuenta, a la hora de estudiar el proceso de la vida literaria nacional, de la presencia de textos literarios “extranjeros” que circulan ampliamente y sin necesidad de que medie traducción alguna? Para dar cuenta de las dificultades y contradicciones de esa relación se propone el concepto de literatura nacionalizada, poniendo el énfasis en los procesos de ‘nacionalización’ que tienen lugar en un campo literario específico.Palabras clave:  Boom, Latinoamérica, España, literatura nacional, literatura nacionalizada.Abstract: This article reflects on the notion of national literature by analyzing the reception relationship that the Boom Latin American writers had in Spain. How can we account, when studying the process of national literary life, of the presence of “foreign” literary texts that circulate widely and without the need for any translation? In order to account for the difficulties and contradictions of this relationship, the concept of nationalized literature is proposed, emphasizing the processes of ‘nationalization’ that take place in a specific literary field.Keywords: Latin American Boom, Spain, National Literature, Nationalized Literature.
Al hilo de la literatura latinoamericana: estudios literarios/estudios culturales / To the thread of Latin American literature: literary studies / cultural studies
Authors: Caballero Wangüemert María
Published: September 2017

Resumen: El presente trabajo constituye un recorrido bibliográfico por la crítica y la teoría literaria hispanoamericana de los últimos 50 años, sin afán de exhaustividad, como tarea colectiva (congresos etc) y personal. Sus hitos más significativos son: cómo se formó y fue derivando el canon literario en Hispanoamérica. Las teorías postcoloniales y su aplicación al Nuevo Mundo. Las orientaciones de la crítica y la teoría literaria en / sobre Latinoamérica. La irrupción y pervivencia de los estudios culturales. Nuevas modas críticas: estudios transatlánticos, tecno escritura, ecocrítica, crítica genética... Palabras clave: canon, crítica literaria, teoría literaria, teorías postcoloniales, estudios culturales.Abstract: The present work constitutes a bibliographical route by the criticism and the Hispano-American literary theory of the last 50 years. Its author did not pretendan exhaustiveness, but a collective task of congresses etc. Its most significant milestones are: how the literary canon was formed and was derived in Spanish America. Postcolonial theories and their application to the New World. The orientations of the critic and the literary theory in / on Latin America. The irruption and survival of cultural studies. New critical fads: transatlantic studies, tecno writing, ecocritics, genetic criticism …Keywords: Canon, literary criticism, literary theory, postcolonial theories, cultural studies.
hSnd2 protein represents an alternative targeting factor to the endoplasmic reticulum in human cells
Authors: Haßdenteufel Sarah , Sicking Mark , Schorr Stefan , Aviram Naama , Fecher‐Trost Claudia , Schuldiner Maya , Jung Martin , Zimmermann Richard , Lang Sven
Published: September 2017

Recently, understanding of protein targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was expanded by the discovery of multiple pathways that function in parallel to the signal recognition particle (SRP). Guided entry of tail‐anchored proteins and SRP independent (SND) are two such targeting pathways described in yeast. So far, no human SND component is functionally characterized. Here, we report hSnd2 as the first constituent of the human SND pathway able to support substrate‐specific protein targeting to the ER. Similar to its yeast counterpart, hSnd2 is assumed to function as a membrane‐bound receptor preferentially targeting precursors carrying C‐terminal transmembrane domains. Our genetic and physical interaction studies show that hSnd2 is part of a complex network of targeting and translocation that is dynamically regulated.
A new role for human dyskerin in vesicular trafficking
Authors: Di Maio Nunzia , Vicidomini Rosario , Angrisani Alberto , Belli Valentina , Furia Maria , Turano Mimmo
Published: September 2017

Dyskerin is an essential, conserved, multifunctional protein found in the nucleolus, whose loss of function causes the rare genetic diseases X‐linked dyskeratosis congenita and Hoyeraal‐Hreidarsson syndrome. To further investigate the wide range of dyskerin's biological roles, we set up stable cell lines able to trigger inducible protein knockdown and allow a detailed analysis of the cascade of events occurring within a short time frame. We report that dyskerin depletion quickly induces cytoskeleton remodeling and significant alterations in endocytic Ras‐related protein Rab‐5A/Rab11 trafficking. These effects arise in different cell lines well before the onset of telomere shortening, which is widely considered the main cause of dyskerin‐related diseases. Given that vesicular trafficking affects many homeostatic and differentiative processes, these findings add novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlining the pleiotropic manifestation of the dyskerin loss‐of‐function phenotype.
Inhibition of nonenzymatic depurination of nucleic acids by polycations
Authors: An Ran , Dong Ping , Komiyama Makoto , Pan Xiaoming , Liang Xingguo
Published: September 2017

DNA base depurination is one of the most common forms of DNA damage in vivo and in vitro, and the suppression of depurination is very important for versatile applications of DNA in biotechnology and medicine. In this work, it was shown that the polycations chitosan (Cho) and spermine (Spm) strongly inhibit DNA depurination through the formation of polyion complexes with DNA molecules. The intramolecular electrostatic interaction of positively charged polycations with DNA efficiently suppresses the protonation of purine groups, which is the key step of depurination. Importantly, the optimal pH for Cho's inhibition of depurination is significantly different from that of Spm. Cho is very effective in the inhibition of depurination in highly acidic media (pH: 1.5–3), whereas Spm is found to suppress the chemical reaction near neutral pH, as well as in acidic solutions. This remarkable pH specificity of the two biorelevant polycations is attributed to the difference in the pKa values of the amino groups. The relevance of our results with the biological roles of biogenic polycations is also discussed.
Fuels Analysis, Regulatory Specifications for
Authors: Horne Gregory , Lee Sunggyu
Published: September 2017

This article provides a general survey of the chemical and physical analyses of light and mid‐range hydrocarbon fuels needed to satisfy the environmental and safety requirements of the refining and transport industries. Since the inception of the oil and automobile industries, emissions from vehicles and fuel refineries have taken a back seat to the performance factors of the fuels themselves. In the middle of the 1900s, new environmental requirements became a commercial consideration as governments, and to a lesser extent, industrial consortia, began to impose requirements on the fuels that had little or nothing to do with performance in the engine. This article will attempt to enumerate the most prevalent of these testing specifications and provide a modest amount of information about what they involve and why they exist. At the time the original draft of this work was written in 1999, the imposition of several new regulatory criteria in the United States had just been imposed on most of the fuels production companies. Since then, a significant number of new regulations and requirements have been proposed, legislated, enacted, and/or enforced. Compared to the fuel standards before the CAA of 1990, far more stringent requirements and specifications are currently being enforced for the modern transportation liquid fuels. Consequently, we have tried to revise the original writing accordingly and updated the relevant specifications with the up‐to‐date information (as of January 2017). We have also tried to assess where future regulations will lead and what specifications and tests might deal with these changing limits and criteria.

In general, we will not deal here with the engine performance specifications. These are detailed far more adequately elsewhere in the literature. This article will not provide a long treatise on the formulation of transportation fuel manufacturing processes, and neither will it delve deeply into the testing methodology. Enough of these three subjects will be presented to allow the reader to put the regulatory specifications and what they entail into perspective. The emphasis is slanted toward the specification of gasoline range fuels, primarily caused by the great predominance of these commodities, but we do try to cover the heavier transport fuels in detail as well. There is considerable overlap in several of the specifications, at least in terms of methodology, even if the specification document number perhaps differs from light to heavier fuels.

The various testing specifications are presented by a fairly succinct description and are categorized by test type and by species analysis requirements. An attached glossary will enable the reader to become acquainted with the jargon of emissions compliance and refinery technology as these are both linked to intelligent discussion of fuels production and usage.
Media, Violence, Aggression, and Antisocial Behavior: Is the Link Causal?
Authors: Plante Courtney , Anderson Craig A.
Published: September 2017

In public discourse on violent media effects, positions often become polarized: Violent media are either blamed for violent acts or are said to have no effect whatsoever. Decades of media violence research is often absent from this discussion, despite every major relevant scientific organization agreeing with the conclusion that media violence is a causal risk factor for aggression. A nuanced interpretation of these effects is needed, one where media violence is neither necessary nor sufficient for aggression but is, instead, one of many known risk factors for it. We begin this chapter by clarifying how researchers and laypersons refer to the concepts of “aggression,” “media violence,” and “causation.” Next, we describe the general aggression model, a theoretical framework guiding much of the violent media research, which is followed by a review of the empirical evidence. Finally, we address criticisms of this research, demonstrating how many are unwarranted or grounded in fallacious reasoning.
Effects of Multi‐Scale Patterning on the Run‐In Behavior of Steel–Alumina Pairings under Lubricated Conditions
Authors: Grützmacher Philipp G. , Rosenkranz Andreas , Szurdak Adam , Gachot Carsten , Hirt Gerhard , Mücklich Frank
Published: September 2017

In nature, many examples of multi‐scale surfaces with outstanding tribological properties such as reduced friction and wear under dry friction and lubricated conditions can be found. To determine whether multi‐scale surfaces positively affect the frictional and wear performance, tests are performed on a ball‐on‐disk tribometer under lubricated conditions using an additive‐free poly‐alpha‐olefine oil under a contact pressure of around 1.29 GPa. For this purpose, stainless steel specimens (AISI 304) are modified by micro‐coining (hemispherical structures with a structural depth of either 50 or 95 μm) and subsequently by direct laser interference patterning (cross‐like pattern with 9 μm periodicity) to create a multi‐scale pattern. The comparison of different sample states (polished reference, laser‐patterned, micro‐coined, and multi‐scale) shows a clear influence of the fabrication technique. In terms of the multi‐scale structures, the structural depth of the coarser micro‐coining plays an important role. In case of lower coining depths (50 μm), the multi‐scale specimens show an increased coefficient of friction compared to the purely micro‐coined surfaces, whereas larger coining depths (95 μm) result in stable and lower friction values for the multi‐scale patterns.
Anti‐Stokes Photoluminescence of van der Waals Layered Semiconductor PbI2
Authors: Cong Chunxiao , Shang Jingzhi , Niu Lin , Wu Lishu , Chen Yu , Zou Chenji , Feng Shun , Qiu Zhi‐Jun , Hu Laigui , Tian Pengfei , Liu Zheng , Yu Ting , Liu Ran
Published: September 2017

Recently, organic–inorganic lead iodide perovskite has become one of the most promising emergent materials, which exhibits great potential in photovoltaics, lasing, laser cooling, etc. The building block of such great material is PbI2, a van der Waals (vdW) layered semiconductor material, which arouses increased interest also owing to its potential applications for X‐ray and γ‐ray detection, lasing, etc. Similar and even superior to some vdW layered materials such as thin layers of transition metal dichalcogenides like MoS2, WS2, MoSe2, or WSe2, PbI2 layers possess a direct bandgap of visible frequency with a wide range of thicknesses (>3 layers). This study reports the anti‐Stokes photoluminescence (ASPL) of PbI2 layers, which is very rarely investigated at present. Universe and robust ASPL in both 4H‐ and 2H‐PbI2 layers are observed and a phonon‐assisted and multiphoton absorption up‐conversion mechanisms are proposed through in situ temperature‐dependent, incident laser‐power‐dependent measurements of both Stokes photoluminescence and ASPL. The successful observation and explanation of the universal anti‐Stokes emission of PbI2 layers, will certainly enrich fundamental understandings of vdW layered semiconductors and perovskite, then further benefit to developing applications based on such emerging materials.
Asymmetric Stereoablative Aryloxylation of 3‐Bromooxindoles with Bifunctional Catalyst
Authors: Jadhav Amol P. , Manchanda Aarti , Jaiswal Manish K. , Singh Ravi P.
Published: September 2017

In this communication, the development of a highly enantioselective stereoablative protocol for the chemoselective aryloxylation of 3‐bromooxindoles with aryl alcohols have been realized. Promoted by easily available cinchona alkaloid derivatives (C6′−OH) under air‐ and moisture‐tolerant conditions, aryloxylation of a wide range of 3‐bromooxindoles bearing a 3′‐alkyl substituent proceeded in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 95% ee). The newly developed strategy expediently provided the 3‐phenoxy analogue of the core of alkaloid CPC‐1.

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Selective C(sp3)–H Monoarylation Catalyzed by a Covalently Cross‐Linked Reverse Micelle‐Supported Palladium Catalyst
Authors: Hoyt Caroline B. , Lee Li‐Chen , He Jian , Yu Jin‐Quan , Jones Christopher W.
Published: September 2017

In this work, we illustrate the performance of a solvated micelle‐supported ligand as a platform for coordination with palladium for C–H arylation. The micelle‐supported ligand is one of the first applications of a micelle‐supported ligand for C–H arylation, and provides a tunable support for future elaboration. The use of a spatially constrained system promoted selectivity trends influenced by both the sterics and electronics of the system, differing from the homogeneous catalyst, with high yields and selectivities.

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Sustainable Nanoporous Benzoxazole Networks as Metal‐Free Catalysts for One‐Pot Oxidative Self‐Coupling of Amines by Air Oxygen
Authors: Subramanian Saravanan , Patel Hasmukh A. , Song Youngdong , Yavuz Cafer T.
Published: September 2017

The development of sustainable organocatalysts with porosity, high stability, and excellent catalytic activity offers a clean and green alternative to precious metal catalysts. Here, an efficient, nanoporous, heterogeneous benzoxazole catalyst is reported for aerobic oxidative coupling of amines. A molecular design strategy is presented to functionalize primary amines to produce valuable products under one‐pot, open‐air reaction conditions. Unprecedented and previously unknown, the stable imine intermediate catalyzes its own formation, also known as autocatalysis, enabling a direct and favorable access to amino acids, even if the catalysts are absent. The biomimetic benzoxazole catalysts developed here provide quantitative catalytic activity over 50 cycles with favorable kinetics with no degradation. This work also marks the first use of benzoxazoles for oxidative catalytic reactions.
Improving Wearable Photodetector Textiles via Precise Energy Level Alignment and Plasmonic Effect
Authors: Zhu Zhengfeng , Gu Yu , Wang Shalong , Zou Yousheng , Zeng Haibo
Published: September 2017

Light‐weight and ultraflexible‐fiber‐based devices that can be woven into wearable electronic products have attracted extensive attention in recent years. However, fiber‐shaped photodetectors (PDs) made from bulky metal‐wire‐based inorganic semiconductors are prone to damage with excessive bending. Therefore, this work introduces a directly constructed photodetector textile (PDT) and realizes a large‐area, organized and dense weaving of fiber‐shaped PDs for the first time. To form the structure, ZnO nanorod arrays (NRAs) are grown uniformly on the surface of Ni wire textile to fabricate an Ni‐based ZnO NRA textile, then Ag nanowires (NWs) and graphene film (outmost layer) are successively assembled on the functional textile. The precise energy level alignment of the structure is in favor of the separation and transportation of photoinduced carriers, and Ag NWs also bring about near‐filed enhancement effect on ZnO NRAs due to local surface plasmon resonances, leading to excellent device performance. The photoresponsivity under bias of 1 V is 0.27 A W−1, and the Ilight/Idark ratio calculated form the I–V curves even reaches ≈102, about two orders of magnitude larger than that of the reported fiber‐shaped PDs. Meanwhile, the whole structure also exhibits excellent durability under bending operations, which is ideal for wearable applications.
Self‐Healing Materials for Next‐Generation Energy Harvesting and Storage Devices
Authors: Chen Dongdong , Wang Dongrui , Yang Yu , Huang Qiyao , Zhu Shijin , Zheng Zijian
Published: September 2017

Because of the great breakthroughs of self‐healing materials in the past decade, endowing devices with self‐healing ability has emerged as a particularly promising route to effectively enhance the device durability and functionality. This article summarizes recent advances in self‐healing materials developed for energy harvesting and storage devices (e.g., nanogenerators, solar cells, supercapacitors, and lithium‐ion batteries) over the past decade. This review first introduces the main self‐healing mechanisms among different materials including insulators, electrical conductors, semiconductors, and ionic conductors. Then, the basic concepts, fabrication techniques, and healing performances of the newly developed self‐healing energy harvesting (nanogenerators and solar cells) and storage (supercapacitors and lithium‐ion batteries) devices are described in detail. Finally, the existing challenges and promising solutions of self‐healing materials and devices are discussed.
Self‐Powered Gyroscope Ball Using a Triboelectric Mechanism
Authors: Shi Qiongfeng , Wu Han , Wang Hao , Wu Hanxiang , Lee Chengkuo
Published: September 2017

Healthcare monitoring systems can provide important health state information by monitoring the biomechanical parameter or motion of body segments. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) as self‐powered motion sensors have been developed rapidly to convert external mechanical change into electrical signal. However, research effort on using TENGs for multiaxis acceleration sensing is very limited. Moreover, TENG has not been demonstrated for rotation sensing to date. Herein, for the first time, a 3D symmetric triboelectric nanogenerator‐based gyroscope ball (T‐ball) with dual capability of energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing is proposed for motion monitoring including multiaxis acceleration and rotation. The T‐ball can harvest energy under versatile scenarios and function as self‐powered 3D accelerometer with sensitivity of 6.08, 5.87, and 3.62 V g−1 . Furthermore, the T‐ball can serve as a self‐powered gyroscope for rotation sensing with sensitivity of 3.5 mV so−1. It shows good performance in hand motion recognition and human activity state monitoring applications. The proposed T‐ball as a self‐powered gyroscope for advanced motion sensing can pave the way to a self‐powered, more accurate, and more complete motion monitoring system.
Metal–Organic Framework Templated Porous Carbon‐Metal Oxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide as Superior Support of Bimetallic Nanoparticles for Efficient Hydrogen Generation from Formic Acid
Authors: Song Fu‐Zhan , Zhu Qi‐Long , Yang Xinchun , Zhan Wen‐Wen , Pachfule Pradip , Tsumori Nobuko , Xu Qiang
Published: September 2017

Ultrafine PdAg nanoparticles (NPs) are successfully immobilized on zirconia/porous carbon/reduced graphene oxide (ZrO2/C/rGO) nanocomposite derived from metal organic framework/graphene oxide. Monodispersed PdAg NPs (diameter ≤2.5 nm) can be facilely anchored on the ZrO2/C/rGO and the aggregation of metal NPs can be avoided utmostly. By virtue of the synergistic effect between metal NPs and support, the resulting PdAg@ZrO2/C/rGO exhibits excellent activity (turnover frequency, 4500 h−1 at 333 K) for the dehydrogenation of formic acid. As an effective strategy, it provides an opportunity to immobilize ultrafine metal NPs on metal oxide/porous carbon/reduced graphene oxide, which has tremendous application prospects in various catalytic fields.
Selective Etching of Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon by Steam for Enhanced Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Cui Xiaoqi , Pan Zhiyong , Zhang Lijuan , Peng Huisheng , Zheng Gengfeng
Published: September 2017

Nitrogen‐doped carbon structures have recently been demonstrated as a promising candidate for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction, while in the meantime the pyridinic and graphitic nitrogen atoms also present high activities for electroreduction of water. Here, an etching strategy that uses hot water steam to preferentially bind to pyridinic and graphitic nitrogen atoms and subsequently etch them in carbon frameworks is reported. As a result, pyrrolic nitrogen atoms with low water affinity are retained after the steam etching, with a much increased level of among all nitrogen species from 22.1 to 55.9%. The steam‐etched nitrogen‐doped carbon catalyst enables excellent electrocatalytic CO2 reduction performance but low hydrogen evolution reaction activity, suggesting a new approach for tuning electrocatalyst activity.
Fully Solution‐Processed TCO‐Free Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells for Tandem and Flexible Applications
Authors: Zhang Yaokang , Wu Zhongwei , Li Peng , Ono Luis K. , Qi Yabing , Zhou Jixiang , Shen Hui , Surya Charles , Zheng Zijian
Published: September 2017

Semitransparent perovskite solar cells (st‐PSCs) have received remarkable interest in recent years because of their great potential in applications for solar window, tandem solar cells, and flexible photovoltaics. However, all reported st‐PSCs require expensive transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) or metal‐based thin films made by vacuum deposition, which is not cost effective for large‐scale fabrication: the cost of TCOs is estimated to occupy ≈75% of the manufacturing cost of PSCs. To address this critical challenge, this study reports a low‐temperature and vacuum‐free strategy for the fabrication of highly efficient TCO‐free st‐PSCs. The TCO‐free st‐PSC on glass exhibits 13.9% power conversion efficiency (PCE), and the four‐terminal tandem cell made with the st‐PSC top cell and c‐Si bottom cell shows an overall PCE of 19.2%. Due to the low processing temperature, the fabrication of flexible st‐PSCs is demonstrated on polyethylene terephthalate and polyimide, which show excellent stability under repeated bending or even crumbing.
Settling and re‐entrainment of wax particles in near‐gelling systems
Authors: Navaneetha Kannan Seetharaman , Daraboina Nagu , Venkatesan Rama , Sarica Cem
Published: September 2017

Under near‐gelling conditions, the precipitated wax particles can settle down due to gravity and form a bed at the bottom of the pipeline. During restart, the settled waxy bed can increase the pressure drop significantly, and the necessity for pigging and/or addition of chemicals has to be determined to re‐entrain settled wax particles. A laboratory‐scale flow loop, first of its kind, has been built and used to understand the settling and re‐entrainment behavior. The experimental results confirmed the settling of precipitated wax in a pipe under quiescent conditions when the oil temperature falls between wax appearance temperature and pour point. During restart, complete re‐entrainment was attained after reaching a critical flow rate. Solid transport models were able to predict reasonably good results in agreement with experiments. This work emphasizes the importance of understanding the behavior of waxy crude oil during production shutdown and design appropriate startup strategies. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 765–772, 2018
Chemical solvent in chemical solvent: A class of hybrid materials for effective capture of CO2
Authors: Chen Feng‐Feng , Huang Kuan , Fan Jie‐Ping , Tao Duan‐Jian
Published: September 2017

Amino acid ionic liquids (AAILs) are chemical solvents with high reactivity to CO2. However, they suffer from drastic increase in viscosity on the reaction with CO2, which significantly limits their application in the industrial capture of CO2. In this work, 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate ([emim][Ac]) which also exhibits chemical affinity to CO2 but low viscosity, and its viscosity does not increase drastically after CO2 absorption, was proposed as the diluent for AAILs to fabricate hybrid materials. The AAIL+[emim][Ac] hybrids were found to display enhanced kinetics for CO2 absorption, and their viscosity increase after CO2 absorption are much less significant than pure AAILs. More importantly, owing to the fact that [emim][Ac] itself can absorb large amount of CO2, the AAIL+[emim][Ac] hybrids still have high absolute capacities of CO2. Such hybrid materials consisting of a chemical solvent plus another chemical solvent are believed to be a class of effective absorbents for CO2 capture. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 632–639, 2018
Model of inertial spreading and imbibition of a liquid drop on a capillary plate
Authors: Louge Michel Y. , Sahoo Shilpa
Published: September 2017

We outline a low‐order Lagrangian model for the inertial dynamics of spreading and imbibition of a spherical liquid cap on a plane featuring independent cylindrical capillaries without gravity. The analysis predicts the relative roles of radial and axial kinetic energy, reveals the critical Laplace number beyond which the drop oscillates, and attributes the exponent of the initial power‐law for contact patch radius vs. time to the form of capillary potential energy just after the liquid sphere touches the plate. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 5474–5481, 2017
A prospective analysis evaluating tissue biopsy location and its clinical relevance in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Weibman Ava R. , Huang Julia He , Stevens Whitney W. , Suh Lydia A. , Price Caroline P.E. , Lidder Alcina K. , Conley David B. , Welch Kevin C. , Shintani‐Smith Stephanie , Peters Anju T. , Grammer Leslie C. , Kato Atsushi , Kern Robert C. , Schleimer Robert P. , Tan Bruce K.
Published: September 2017

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) has a high propensity for recurrence. Studies suggest that eosinophilia influences disease severity and surgical outcomes, but the selection of sinonasal site for measuring eosinophilia has not been examined. The aim of this study was to investigate how region‐specific tissue eosinophilia affects radiographic severity, comorbidity prevalence, and polyp recurrence risk following sinus surgery.

Methods

Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) levels in uncinate tissue (UT) and nasal polyp (NP) homogenates from 116 CRSwNP patients were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Clinical history, radiographic severity, and time to polyp recurrence were obtained from electronic health records. The correlations between baseline Lund‐Mackay scores and comorbidities were compared between UT and NP ECP levels. Cox regression and Kaplan‐Meier analysis were then performed to assess whether UT or NP ECP better predicted recurrence. Censoring occurred at 4 years or at last follow‐up if there was no endoscopic diagnosis of recurrent polyps.

Results

Lund‐Mackay scores were significantly correlated with UT and NP ECP (r = 0.46 and 0.26 respectively, p < 0.05). UT but not NP ECP was significantly higher in patients with asthma (p < 0.01) and aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) (p < 0.05). Polyp recurrence risk was only significantly higher for patients with eosinophilic UT tissue (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.84, p = 0.025). When measured in NP, eosinophilia did not predict recurrence.

Conclusion

Although ECP in NP was higher than in UT tissue, eosinophilia in UT tissue was a more clinically coherent biomarker of baseline radiographic severity, comorbid asthma and AERD, and prospective polyp recurrence risk than NP eosinophilia.
Therapeutic potential of α‐lipoic acid derivative, sodium zinc histidine dithiooctanamide, in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis
Authors: Nakano Toshiaki , Hsu Li‐Wen , Lai Chia‐Yun , Takaoka Yuki , Inomata Masafumi , Kitano Seigo , Chen Chao‐Long , Goto Shigeru
Published: September 2017

Background

Oxidative stress is involved in various diseases, including allergies. Several studies have pointed to the preventive and therapeutic potential of antioxidants in allergic disorders. However, little is known about the immunomodulatory effects of antioxidants in type I hypersensitivity. In this study we aimed to explore the impact of a water‐soluble antioxidant and α‐lipoic acid derivative, sodium zinc histidine dithiooctanamide (DHL‐HisZn), on mast‐cell‐ and T‐cell‐mediated allergic and immune responses both in vitro and in vivo.

Methods

The therapeutic impact of DHL‐HisZn on mast‐cell‐mediated type I hypersensitivity was evaluated by a mast‐cell degranulation assay using bone marrow‐derived mast cells and by a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)‐induced allergic rhinitis. The effect of DHL‐HisZn on the proportion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) was evaluated using flow cytometry.

Results

During the course of OVA‐induced allergic rhinitis in mice, serum nitrate was elevated, suggesting the involvement of oxidative stress in allergic responses. DHL‐HisZn not only suppressed mast‐cell degranulation but also ameliorated OVA‐induced nasal hypersensitivity, with significant suppression of serum nitrate. DHL‐HisZn treatment significantly suppressed OVA‐specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) but enhanced OVA‐specific IgG2a in OVA‐sensitized and nasal‐challenged mice. Furthermore, DHL‐HisZn treatment suppressed interleukin‐17 production in OVA‐stimulated splenocytes. Finally, we demonstrated the induction of Tregs by DHL‐HisZn in concanavalin A blasts.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that DHL‐HisZn may regulate mast‐cell‐, T‐helper 2 (Th2)‐, and Th17‐mediated allergic and immune responses by induction of Tregs.
Gold‐Katalyse für die Heterocyclenchemie: eine repräsentative Fallstudie zu Naturstoffen der Pyron‐Reihe
Authors: Fürstner Alois
Published: September 2017

2‐Pyrone und 4‐Pyrone finden sich als Strukturmotiv in vielen biologisch aktiven Naturstoffen. Allerdings erweisen sich traditionelle Synthesemethoden für dieses heterocyclische Ringsystem, die den biosynthetischen Weg der Cyclisierung von 1,3,5‐Tricarbonyl‐Vorstufen nachstellen, häufig als zu harsch und daher wenig geeignet für die Herstellung hoch funktionalisierter und/oder empfindlicher Zielmoleküle dieses Typs. Dagegen eignet sich die π‐Säure‐Katalyse hervorragend zur systematischen Erkundung des von Pyronen definierten Strukturraums. Dazu macht man sich die synthetische Äquivalenz von Carbonylverbindungen und Alkinen zunutze, die auf Grund der hohen Carbophilie von [LAu]+‐Fragmenten unter außerordentlich milden Bedingungen aktiviert werden können; Angriff einer geeignet positionierten Estergruppe auf den primär gebildeten Alkin‐Gold‐Komplex führt zur Pyronbildung, wobei der regioselektive Verlauf verlässlich vorprogrammiert werden kann.