bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrastrong Electron‐Phonon Coupling in Uranium‐Organic Frameworks Leading to Inverse Luminescence Temperature Dependence
Authors: Chen Dong‐Hui , Vankova Nina , Jha Gautam , Yu Xiaojuan , Wang Yuemin , Lin Ling , Kirschhöfer Frank , Greifenstein Raphael , Redel Engelbert , Heine Thomas , Wöll Christof
Published: December 2023

Electron‐phonon interactions, crucial in condensed matter, are rarely seen in Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs). Detecting these interactions typically involves analyzing luminescence in lanthanide‐ or actinide‐based compounds. Prior studies on Ln‐ and Ac‐based MOFs at high temperatures revealed additional peaks, but these were too faint for thorough analysis. In our research, we fabricated a high‐quality, crystalline uranium‐based MOF (KIT‐U‐1) thin film using a layer‐by‐layer method. Under UV light, this film showed two distinct “hot bands,” indicating a strong electron‐phonon interaction. At 77 K, these bands were absent, but at 300 K, a new emission band appeared with half the intensity of the main luminescence. Surprisingly, a second hot band emerged above 320 K, deviating from previous findings in rare‐earth compounds. We conducted a detailed ab‐initio analysis employing time‐dependent density functional theory to understand this unusual behaviour and to identify the lattice vibration responsible for the strong electron‐phonon coupling. The KIT‐U‐1 film's hot‐band emission was then utilized to create a highly sensitive, single‐compound optical thermometer. This underscores the potential of high‐quality MOF thin films in exploiting the unique luminescence of lanthanides and actinides for advanced applications.
Synthesis and Properties of Azahomocorannulenyl Cations and Radicals
Authors: Hamamoto Yosuke , Ochiai Kotaro , Li Yongxin , Tapavicza Enrico , Ito Shingo
Published: December 2023

Cycloheptatrienyl (tropyl) molecules are representative non‐alternant hydrocarbons that offer interesting chemistry because of their unique structures and properties. However, there have been a limited number of polycyclic aromatic tropyl cations and radicals reported in the literature. Herein, we report the synthesis of a series of azahomocorannulene derivatives, where the key reactions are a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of polycyclic aromatic azomethine ylides with dibenzotropone and a subsequent palladium‐catalyzed cyclization. X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that the obtained azahomocorannulenyl cation and radical adopt planar structures and exhibit unique packing structures. Their electronic and optical properties were investigated experimentally and theoretically to reveal their aromatic character.
Association of neighborhood gentrification with prostate cancer and immune markers in African American and European American men
Authors: Pichardo Catherine M. , Ezeani Adaora , Pichardo Margaret S. , Agurs‐Collins Tanya , Powell‐Wiley Tiffany M. , Ryan Brid , Minas Tsion Zewdu , Bailey‐Whyte Maeve , Tang Wei , Dorsey Tiffany H. , Wooten William , Loffredo Christopher A. , Ambs Stefan
Published: December 2023

Background

Prior studies showed that neighborhood deprivation increases the risk of lethal prostate cancer. However, the role of neighborhood gentrification in prostate cancer development and outcome remains poorly understood. We examined the relationships of gentrification with prostate cancer and serum proteome‐defined inflammation and immune function in a diverse cohort.

Methods

The case–control study included 769 cases [405 African American (AA), 364 European American (EA) men] and 1023 controls (479 AA and 544 EA), with 219 all‐cause and 59 prostate cancer‐specific deaths among cases. Geocodes were linked to a neighborhood gentrification index (NGI) derived from US Census data. Cox and logistic regression, and MANOVA, were used to determine associations between NGI, as continuous or quintiles (Q), and outcomes.

Results

Adjusting for individual socioeconomic status (SES), continuous NGI was positively associated with prostate cancer among all men (odds ratio [OR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.14). AA and low‐income men experienced the highest odds of prostate cancer when residing in tracts with moderate gentrification, whereas EA men experienced reduced odds of regional/metastatic cancer with increased gentrification in SES‐adjusted analyses. Continuous NGI also associated with mortality among men presenting with localized disease and low‐income men in SES‐adjusted Cox regression analyses. NGI was not associated with serum proteome‐defined chemotaxis, inflammation, and tumor immunity suppression.

Conclusions

Findings show that neighborhood gentrification associates with prostate cancer and mortality in this diverse population albeit associations were heterogenous within subgroups. The observations suggest that changing neighborhood socioeconomic environments may affect prostate cancer risk and outcome, likely through multifactorial mechanisms.
Urinary tract infection associated with bacteremia caused by vancomycin‐resistant enterococcus following continent urinary diversion
Authors: Morishita Kai , Kashiwabara Soichiro , Matsumoto Yuki , Mizushima Atsuhiro , Hara Kaori , Agatsuma Toshihiko , Mimura Yuji , Matsumura Hideyoshi , Mizusawa Hiroya
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical Message

Even in a country where vancomycin–resistant enterococcus is rare, multidrug‐resistant organism precautions are necessary when admitting patients with a history of medical exposure in other countries. On admission, screening is necessary and if infection is confirmed, a multidisciplinary approach involving different specialists is required.

The patient was a 49‐year‐old Japanese female living in the United States. Total pelvic exenteration for cervical carcinoma, Miami pouch formation, and ileostomy had been performed in the United States. She returned to Japan to undergo postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Fever and abdominal pain occurred 42 days after surgery. She consulted the fever outpatient clinic, and a diagnosis of urinary retention‐associated acute renal failure and pyelonephritis was made. We detected vancomycin‐resistant enterococcus on urine/blood culture 5 days after admission. Infection control measures were implemented, and the ward was closed for 3 days. We administered linezolid, which was effective for pyelonephritis and bacteremia.
Endoscopic retrieval of 195 incidentally found ingested magnets in a pediatric patient: The limitations of radiography
Authors: Al Tamr Wissam Jamal , Omran Kareem , Aldisi Mohammad , Matta Hilal , Nada Mohamed
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical Message

Ingestion of magnetic foreign bodies in children can present elusively on radiographs, requiring detailed history for accurate intervention guidance. Clustering and the weight of multiple magnets may indicate falsely distal positions in the GI tract.
Mitochondrion: Main organelle in orchestrating cancer escape from chemotherapy
Authors: Mostafavi Samaneh , Eskandari Nahid
Published: December 2023

Background

Chemoresistance is a challenging barrier to cancer therapy, and in this context, the role of mitochondria is significant. We put emphasis on key biological characteristics of mitochondria, contributing to tumor escape from various therapies, to find the “Achilles' Heel” of cancer cells for future drug design.

Recent findings

The mitochondrion is a dynamic organelle, and its existence is important for tumor growth. Its metabolites also cooperate with cell signaling in tumor proliferation and drug resistance.

Conclusion

Biological characteristics of this organelle, such as redox balance, DNA depletion, and metabolic reprogramming, provide flexibility to cancer cells to cope with therapy‐induced stress.
Calibration training for improving probabilistic judgments using an interactive app
Authors: Gruetzemacher Ross , Lee Kang Bok , Paradice David
Published: December 2023

We describe an exploratory study examining the effectiveness of an interactive app and a novel training process for improving calibration and reducing overconfidence in probabilistic judgments. We evaluated the training used in the app by conducting an American college football forecasting tournament involving 153 business school students making 52 forecasts over 11 weeks. A coarsened exact matching analysis found statistical evidence that, in under 30 min, the more challenging training was able to modestly reduce overconfidence, improve calibration and improve the accuracy of probabilistic judgments (measured by the Brier score). The experimental results also suggest that the generic training can generalize across domains and that effective calibration training is possible without expert facilitators or pedagogical training materials. Although no previous studies have reported similar results, due to the modest effect, we conclude that these results should only be interpreted as a proof of concept and that further evaluation and validation of mechanisms of the app's effect is necessary.
Regulatory effects of mangiferin on LPS‐induced inflammatory responses and intestinal flora imbalance during sepsis
Authors: Chang Bo‐tao , Wang Yang , Tu Wen‐lian , Zhang Zhi‐qing , Pu Yan‐fang , Xie Li , Yuan Fang , Gao Ying , Xu Ning , Yao Qi
Published: December 2023

Studies suggest that mangiferin (MAF) has good therapeutic effects on chronic bronchitis and hepatitis. Also, it is one of the antiviral ingredients in Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge. However, its effect on the LPS‐induced inflammation and intestinal flora during sepsis remains unclear yet. In the present study, LPS‐stimulated inflammation RAW264.7 cells and LPS‐induced sepsis mice were used to evaluate the efficacy of MAF in vitro and in vivo. 16S rDNA sequencing was performed to analyze the characteristics of intestinal flora of the sepsis mice. It has been demonstrated that MAF (12.5 and 25 μg/mL) significantly inhibited protein expressions of TLR4, MyD88, NF‐κB, and TNF‐α in the LPS‐treated cells and reduced the supernatant TNF‐α and IL‐6 levels. In vivo, MAF (20 mg/kg) markedly protected the sepsis mice and reduced the serum TNF‐α and IL‐6 levels. Also, MAF significantly downregulated the protein expressions of TLR4, NF‐κB, and MyD88 in the livers. Importantly, MAF significantly attenuated the pathological injuries of the livers and small intestines. Further, MAF significantly increased proportion of Bacteroidota and decreased the proportions of Firmicutes, Desulfobacterota, Actinobacteriota, and Proteobacteria at phylum level, and it markedly reduced the proportions of Escherichia‐Shigella, Pseudoalteromonas, Staphylococcus at genus level. Moreover, MAF affects some metabolism‐related pathways such as citrate cycle (TCA cycle), lipoic acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, bacterial chemotaxis, fatty acid biosynthesis, and peptidoglycan biosynthesis of the intestinal flora. Thus, it can be concluded that MAF as a treatment reduces the inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the TLR4/ MyD88/NF‐κB pathway, and corrects intestinal flora imbalance during sepsis to some degree.
Effects of collagen‐based coating with chitosan and ε‐polylysine on sensory, texture, and biochemical changes of refrigerated Nemipterus virgatus fillets
Authors: Huang Yongping , Nie Ying , Zhou Fei , Li Biansheng , Luo Qiulan , Zhang Bin , Zeng Qinpei , Huang Yisheng
Published: December 2023

In order to evaluate the effects of chitosan, ε‐polylysine, and collagen on the preservation properties of refrigerated Nemipterus virgatus, samples were tested with different treatments for 10 days, namely chitosan, ε‐polylysine and collagen (CH + ε‐PL + CA), chitosan and ε‐polylysine (CH + ε‐PL), chitosan and collagen (CH + CA), ε‐polylysine and collagen (ε‐PL + CA), and the uncoated sample (CK). The results demonstrated that the bio‐coating exhibited better preservation effects. The CH + ε‐PL + CA, CH + ε‐PL, CH + CA, ε‐PL + CA treatments could significantly inhibit bacterial growth and retard the increase of total volatile base nitrogen (TVB‐N), 2‐thiobarbituric acid (TBA), K‐value, and total viable counts (TVC) in N. virgatus fillets. The pH of all samples decreased and reached its lowest value on day 6, then increased significantly at the end of the experiment (p < .05). Water‐holding capacity (WHC) of all the groups decreased continuously throughout storage, and CK reached 66.03% on day 6, which is significantly lower than CH + ε‐PL + CA, CH + ε‐PL, CH + CA, and ε‐PL + CA (p < .05). On the contrary, the sensory scores of CH + ε‐PL + CA, CH + ε‐PL, CH + CA, and ε‐PL + CA were significantly higher than the control, and the score of CH + ε‐PL + CA (p < .05) was the best among all the groups. In terms of texture, CH + PL + CA also showed less cell shrinkage and tighter muscle fiber arrangement compared to other treatments. To sum up, the CH + PL + CA bio‐coating proved to be a promising method for maintaining the storage quality of N. virgatus under refrigerated storage conditions.
Therapeutic antibody targeting natriuretic peptide receptor 1 inhibits gastric cancer growth viaBCL‐2‐mediated intrinsic apoptosis
Authors: Sasahara Masahiro , Kanda Mitsuro , Tanaka Chie , Shimizu Dai , Umeda Shinichi , Takami Hideki , Inokawa Yoshikuni , Hattori Norifumi , Hayashi Masamichi , Nakayama Goro , Kodera Yasuhiro
Published: December 2023

Despite recent advances in the development of therapeutic antibodies, the prognosis of unresectable or metastatic gastric cancer (GC) remains poor. Here, we searched for genes involved in the malignant phenotype of GC and investigated the potential of one candidate gene to serve as a novel therapeutic target. Analysis of transcriptome datasets of GC identified natriuretic peptide receptor 1 (NPR1), a plasma membrane protein, as a potential target. We employed a panel of human GC cell lines and gene‐specific small interfering RNA‐mediated NPR1 silencing to investigate the roles of NPR1 in malignancy‐associated functions and intracellular signaling pathways. We generated an anti‐NPR1 polyclonal antibody and examined its efficacy in a mouse xenograft model of GC peritoneal dissemination. Associations between NPR1 expression in GC tissue and clinicopathological factors were also evaluated. NPR1 mRNA was significantly upregulated in several GC cell lines compared with normal epithelial cells. NPR1 silencing attenuated GC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, and additionally induced the intrinsic apoptosis pathway associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase activation via downregulation of BCL‐2. Administration of anti‐NPR1 antibody significantly reduced the number and volume of GC peritoneal tumors in xenografted mice. High expression of NPR1 mRNA in clinical GC specimens was associated with a significantly higher rate of postoperative recurrence and poorer prognosis. NPR1 regulates the intrinsic apoptosis pathway and plays an important role in promoting the GC malignant phenotype. Inhibition of NPR1 with antibodies may have potential as a novel therapeutic modality for unresectable or metastatic GC.
En bloc kidney transplantation from pediatric donors to teenage recipients: Two case reports
Authors: Yagisawa Takafumi , Kanzawa Taichi , Hirai Toshihito , Unagami Kohei , Shirai Yoko , Ishizuka Kiyonobu , Miura Kenichiro , Hattori Motoshi , Ishida Hideki , Takagi Toshio
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Since the implementation of the new selection criteria in 2018, kidney donations from pediatric patients have been prioritized for pediatric recipients and kidney donations from pediatric donors have increased in Japan. Herein, we present two cases of en bloc kidney transplantation.

Case presentation

Case 1: A 19‐year‐old male patient who had been on hemodialysis for 5 years due to end‐stage renal disease. After brain death, a graft from a 5‐year‐old boy was transplanted into the right iliac fossa. Case 2: A 19‐year‐old male patient, who had previously undergone a living kidney transplantation at the age of 3, received a secondary cadaveric kidney transplantation in the left iliac fossa. The graft was procured from a 17‐month‐old girl following cardiac death.

Conclusion

This report will help surgeons perform en bloc kidney transplantation in the growing number of pediatric kidney donations, such as those in Japan.
An efficient wavelet thresholding strategy and robust shrinkage approach for de‐noising ECG signal
Authors: Ahmed Anas Fouad
Published: December 2023

This paper introduces an efficient wavelet thresholding strategy and robust shrinkage approach (WTS) for de‐noising the ECG signals. The optimal mother wavelet for de‐noising the ECG signal is automatically selected based on cross‐correlation and energy‐to‐entropy indices. A dynamic threshold is applied to various levels of decomposition to eliminate different types of noise. A shrinkage approach is suggested to attain seamless on–off transitions. The achievement of the WTS is compared with the state of the art reported in the literature using 180 real ECG signals collected from 60 volunteers. The ECG signals were recorded using three standard ECG machines without applying the filtering option to provide a diverse range of noisy ECG signals. The de‐noising outcomes show that the presented WTS can automatically select the optimal mother wavelet for the particular ECG signal, and it is superior to other techniques in terms of the average predicted signal‐to‐noise ratio (), the average predicted root‐mean‐square error (), and the average execution time (AET).
A neural autopilot theory of habit: Evidence from consumer purchases and social media use
Authors: Camerer Colin , Xin Yi , Zhao Clarice
Published: December 2023

This article applies a two‐process “neural autopilot” model to field data. The autopilot model hypothesizes that habitual choice occurs when the reward from a behavior has low numerical “doubt” (i.e., reward prediction errors are small). The model toggles between repeating a previous choice (habit) when doubt is low and making a goal‐directed choice when doubt is high. The model has ingredients established in animal learning and cognitive neuroscience and is simple enough to make nonobvious predictions. In two empirical applications, we fit the model to field data on purchases of canned tuna and posting on the Chinese social media site Weibo. This style of modeling is called “structural” because there is a theoretical model of how different variables influence choices by agents (the “structure”), which tightly restricts how hidden variables lead to observed choices. There is empirical support for the model, more strongly for tuna purchases than for Weibo posting, relative to a baseline “reduced‐form” model in which current choices are correlated with past choices without a mechanistic (structural) explanation. An interesting set of predictions can also be derived about how consumers react to different kinds of changes in prices and qualities of goods (this is called “counterfactual analysis”).
High‐fat diets: You are what you eat….your extracellular vesicles too!
Authors: Rome Sophie , Tacconi Stefano
Published: December 2023

Recent works indicate that the lipid composition of extracellular vesicles (EVs) can modify their biological functions and their incorporation into recipient cells. In particular high‐fat diets affect EV biogenesis, EV lipid composition, EV targeting and consequently the cross‐talk between tissues. This review connects different research topics to show that a vicious circle is established during the development of high‐fat diet‐induced obesity, connecting the alteration of lipid metabolism, the composition of extracellular vesicles and the spread of deleterious lipids between tissues, which participates in NAFLD/NASH and diabetes development. According to the studies described in this review, it is urgent to take an interest in this question as the modulation of EV lipid composition could be an important factor to take into account during the therapeutic management of patients suffering from metabolic syndrome and related pathologies such as obesity and diabetes. Furthermore, as lipid modification of EVs is a strategy currently being tested to enable better integration into their target tissue or cell, it is important to consider the impact of these lipid modifications on the homeostasis of these targets.
Daily concentration of snowfalls in the mountains of the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Lemus‐Canovas Marc , Alonso‐González Esteban , Bonsoms Josep , López‐Moreno Juan I.
Published: December 2023

The temporal concentration of snowfalls has direct implications on the management of water resources as well as on the economic activity of mountain areas, conditioning, for example, the seasonal performance of ski resorts. This work uses the daily concentration index (CI) for analysing the frequency concentration of snowfalls in the Iberian Peninsula Mountain ranges. First, we provide a spatiotemporal analysis of the CI patterns and trends for the 1980–2014 period. Subsequently, we determine the atmospheric circulation patterns that control the CI variability. In addition, we determine the geographical and low‐frequency climate modes that control the CI for this mid‐latitude area. In addition, we have estimated the partial dependence relationship between the CI and several geographical factors by fitting a multiple linear regression. The results from these analyses show that elevation as well as the distance from the Atlantic are the main geographical pattern that controls the CI in the Iberian Peninsula Mountain ranges. These geographical factors also reflect the role of the main atmospheric circulation patterns in the Iberian Peninsula in controlling the spatial dynamics of the CI. The Cantabrian, Iberian, and northern slopes of the Pyrenees show the lowest CI due to their exposition to northern and Atlantic circulation weather types. On the contrary, the highest CI values are found in the southern and eastern slopes of the Pyrenees, eastern slopes of Sierra Nevada, and southern slopes of the Central system. Trend analysis shows a slight increase of CI in the Central system and in the western Sierra Nevada. However, eastern Sierra Nevada, Cantabrian, Central, and Iberian show a downward CI trend. CI is principally driven by the East‐Atlantic/Western Russia pattern and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in the Cantabrian, Iberian, and northern slopes of the Central range. The CI values in the Pyrenees show a different relationship with the Western Mediterranean Oscillation (WeMO) depending on whether it is the southern or the northern slope. In addition, the positive phase of the NAO oscillation controls the higher values of CI for the whole Pyrenees, especially in the mid‐south part. Finally, in Sierra Nevada the CI dynamics are controlled mostly by the WeMO.
Aggregation of zooplankton in a Stommel Retention Zone in a laboratory model of Langmuir circulation
Authors: Gurung Sanjib , Du Clos Kevin T. , Aldaddi Abdullah , Murphy David W.
Published: December 2023

Langmuir circulation is a common form of surface turbulence comprising a series of counterrotating horizontal vortex pairs. Upwellings and downwellings in Langmuir circulation may suspend and trap passive particles or active swimmers like zooplankton in regions known as Stommel Retention Zones. For zooplankton, Stommel Retention Zone formation depends on flow speed and animal swimming speed and direction. Here we explore this biophysical interaction using Daphnia magna in a laboratory model of Langmuir Circulation. The phototactic daphniids were induced to perform different levels of upwards swimming (mimicking diel vertical migration) via constant or intermittent illumination. Some daphniids were additionally exposed to chemically dispersed crude oil, which impaired swimming. We characterized the swimming speed and direction, trajectories, and spatial distribution of daphniids in still water and in response to Langmuir circulation‐like flows of various strengths. In still water, constantly illuminated and oil‐exposed daphniids swam upwards more often than intermittently illuminated animals. Greater levels of upwards swimming in still water corresponded to stronger daphniid aggregations in the downwelling when a Langmuir Circulation‐like flow was present. However, at flow speeds exceeding their swimming abilities, daphniids were generally advected with the flow and uniformly distributed, an effect particularly evident for the weakly‐swimming oil‐exposed daphniids. An individual‐based model was also used to investigate the effects of active swimming vs. passive behavior and of swimming direction on Langmuir circulation‐associated aggregations. Our study of zooplankton Stommel Retention Zones generated in a laboratory facility offers insight into how and when Langmuir circulation‐associated plankton aggregations may occur in the field.
Pointwise eigenvector estimates by landscape functions: Some variations on the Filoche–Mayboroda–van den Berg bound
Authors: Mugnolo Delio
Published: December 2023

Landscape functions are a popular tool used to provide upper bounds for eigenvectors of Schrödinger operators on domains. We review some known results obtained in the last 10 years, unify several approaches used to achieve such bounds, and extend their scope to a large class of linear and nonlinear operators. We also use landscape functions to derive lower estimates on the principal eigenvalue—much in the spirit of earlier results by Donsker–Varadhan and Bañuelos–Carrol—as well as upper bounds on heat kernels. Our methods solely rely on order properties of operators: We devote special attention to the case where the relevant operators enjoy various forms of elliptic or parabolic maximum principle. Additionally, we illustrate our findings with several examples, including ‐Laplacians on domains and graphs as well as Schrödinger operators with magnetic and electric potential, also by means of elementary numerical experiments.
Development of three‐dimensional printed microfibrous structures using sodium alginate/silk fibroin bioink for tissue engineering application
Authors: Majhi P.S. , Pramanik K.
Published: December 2023

Tissue engineering is a method that involves incorporating cells using scaffold elements and growth factors to support the development or replacement of worn tissue and organs. Scaffolds, with proper form and dimension, along with natural physical and chemical features, are continually in need of improving performance and repairing damaged tissue. In this work, microfibrous three‐dimensional scaffolds composed of sodium alginate and silk fibroin natural polymers are reported. Sodium alginate/silk fibroin scaffolds were fabricated by three‐dimensional printing technique using aqueous sodium alginate/silk fibroin blends with weight ratios of 60/40, 70/30, 80/20, and 90/10. Sodium alginate/silk fibroin: (70/30) exhibited regulated swelling and degradation, responses with a tensile strength of 0.75±0.013 MPa. All the scaffolds had shown protein adsorption over 350 μg exhibiting their suitability as substrates for cell adhesion. The fabricated sodium alginate/silk fibroin scaffolds are hydrophilic and biocompatible as apparent from the contact angle, protein adsorption, 3‐[4, 5‐dimethylthiazole‐2‐yl]‐2, 5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and cell attachment studies. In vitro‐biomineralization study showed higher apatite layer deposition ability of the sodium alginate/silk fibroin: 70/30 scaffold. The result suggests that sodium alginate/silk fibroin: 70/30 scaffold might be used as a potential platform for tissue engineering application.
Experimental and finite element analysis of Charpy impact, uniaxial tension and bending test of spin‐arc welded carbon steel 1018 plate
Authors: Sankarapandian S. , Pramod R. , Kumar S. Mohan , Shanmugam N. Siva
Published: December 2023

Spin‐arc welding process emerged as a continuation of gas metal arc or flux‐cored arc welding process, making use of filler wire and fuse plates of higher thickness with less welding defects. In this process, the filler wire is made to rotate along a central axis with a fixed diameter and frequency, thereby reducing the number of weld runs to join thick plates and resulting in increased productivity and less consumption of filler wire. American iron and steel institute carbon steel 1018 is a low carbon steel used primarily in rugged environments and is known for its excellent weldability and finds application in spacers, mounting plates, fixtures, carburized parts and machine parts. Present work aims to provide insight on experimental and finite element analysis of carbon steel 1018 (base and spin arc weld metal) specimens subjected to Charpy impact and uniaxial tension test. In order to verify the weld quality under bending load, a comparative study among experimental and finite element analysis of bending test is also performed. The finite element analysis results of Charpy impact, uniaxial tension and bending test are validated with experimental outcomes.
Parametric optimization of corrosion and erosive wear performance of FeCrCoNiSiB coated Q235 steel by using Taguchi's method
Authors: Kumar A. , Dangayach G. S. , Patnaik A.
Published: December 2023

High‐speed oxy‐fuel warm showering is utilized to cover Q235 steel with Fe32Cr21Co21Ni16Si5B5 and Fe43Cr16Co12Ni14Si5B10. The resistance of coatings to slurry wear is tested using a jet‐type apparatus. Investigations of the surface are conducted. Taguchi's and wear model verify the significance of impact of the most important factors. In this case, the wear model‘s proposed process closely matches with the experiments. In this study, the impact velocity was entitled as the most influential component, with a commitment proportion of 70 %, trailed by the impingement point, with proportions of 28.16 % and 28.70 % for Fe32Cr21Co21Ni16Si5B5 and Fe43Cr16Co12Ni14Si5B10, separately. It is by and large concurred that the main success of the control boundaries is influence speed>impingement point>erodent feed rate>erodent size for Fe43Cr16Co12Ni14Si5B10, and the opposite is true for Fe43Cr16Co12Ni14Si5B10. Scanning electron microscopy has shown that the principal erosion processes for Fe32Cr21Co21Ni16Si5B5 and Fe43Cr16Co12Ni14Si5B10 coatings are miniature cutting and blended cutting and furrowing at low impingement point while platelets are apparent at ordinary impingement point. Coatings formed passivation films, as shown by their greater value relative to the substrate.
Study on microstructure and properties of selective laser melting formed AlSi10Mg alloy
Authors: Jian H. , Wu J. , Pai J. , Zhang W. , Yang X.
Published: December 2023

The microstructure and properties of an AlSi10Mg alloy produced by selective laser melting were examined using optical microscopes, scanning electron microscopes, electron backscattered diffraction, and x‐ray diffraction. The results show that the mechanical characteristics of selective laser melting formed AlSi10Mg alloy is superior to those of traditional sand cast AlSi10Mg alloy due to fine grain strengthening and solid solution strengthening. AlSi10Mg alloy formed by selective laser melting is mainly composed of α‐aluminum solid solution, eutectic silicon with network structure and a small amount of Magnesium silicon precipitated phase, and different cross‐sections have unique microstructures and properties. The XOY plane is composed primarily of equiaxed grains with an average grain size of 7.34 μm and a {001} <100> cubic texture, and it has a hardness value of 130.7 HV 0.2. The majority of the YOZ plane, which has a {111}<110> brass R texture and a hardness value of 108.9 HV 0.2, comprises columnar crystals with an average grain size of 8.42 μm.
Experimental and computational investigation on mechanical properties of aluminium alloy 6063/waste eggshell powder metal matrix composite
Authors: Srivastava V.S. , Saxena A. , Maurya A. , Singh P. , Tiwari A.K.
Published: December 2023

In the present investigation, food industries′ waste eggshell is used to fabricate the metal matrix composite i. e., made by stir casting method. Further, two different composition samples have been prepared, with a mixing of 6 weight‐% eggshell and 12 weight‐% eggshell carbonized powder in matrix material aluminium alloy 6063. Sample B (aluminium alloy 6063+6 weight‐% eggshell) and sample C (aluminium alloy 6063+12 weight‐% eggshell) in the aluminium alloy 6063 powder (sample A) are mixed with the help of the mechanical stir casting method. The final test results revealed that hardness increased by 16.73 % and 27.57 % value for sample B and sample C respectively than aluminium alloy 6063 (sample A). In addition, the tensile strength and impact hardness of sample B and sample C also increased by 17 % to 31 % value respectively in comparison to aluminium alloy 6063 (sample A). In the last power law, hardening parameters have been evaluated for sample B for performing the finite element analysis of the tensile test process. The finite element analysis model has shown good agreement with experimental results.
Comparative investigation on mechanical properties of iron alloy based coating material: A comprehensive review
Authors: Sharma R. K. , Das R. K. , Kumar S. R.
Published: December 2023

The primary focus of this paper is to review the latest developments in iron based amorphous/nanocrystalline high velocity oxy fuel coatings. The extensive development towards the enhancement in the mechanical properties such as micro‐hardness, compressive strength, adhesion strength etc. and comparative investigations are the key objectives set by the coating material scientist. The industrial application fields of iron alloy based coating are growing rapidly and owing to the rapid increase in industrial applications, there are many more advancements in the coating deposition techniques. In the present review, various factors influencing mechanical performance of high velocity oxy fuel coating material have been listed and ranked according to the level of influence. It can be concluded that the mechanical performance of coating materials is significantly influenced by coating parameters, including spray distance, oxygen fuel ratio, coating thickness, and number of layers.
The influence of silicon content on the microstructure and high‐temperature oxidation behavior of aluminum‐silicon coatings on Ti‐6Al‐4 V alloy by hot dipping route
Authors: Shi D. , Su X. , Chen J. , Liu Y. , Wu Ch.
Published: December 2023

The poor high‐temperature oxidation properties of Ti‐6Al‐4 V (titanium‐aluminum‐vanadium) alloy limit its applications under high‐temperature components of aero‐engines. In this study, the aluminum‐silicon coatings with different silicon content were fabricated on titanium‐aluminum‐vanadium alloy via the hot dipping route. A metallurgical bond was established at the interface between aluminum‐silicon coatings and substrates following the hot dipping. The results showed that three different coatings were formed: titanium(aluminum, silicon)3+ liquid‐(aluminum, silicon), titanium(aluminum, silicon)3+ τ2+ liquid‐(aluminum, silicon) and τ1+ τ2+ liquid‐(aluminum, silicon). Furthermore, the formation of aluminum‐silicon coatings was analyzed by diffusion path theory. The coated alloy was subjected to a high‐temperature oxidation test at 850 °C, and the weight gains were only 5.1 % to 22.4 % of the bare alloy. The coatings improved the high‐temperature oxidation resistance of titanium‐aluminum‐vanadium alloy. The most favorable oxidation behavior was noticed for the titanium(aluminum, silicon)3+liquid‐(aluminum, silicon) coatings. The higher the silicon content in titanium(aluminum, silicon)3+liquid‐(aluminum, silicon) coatings, the more excellent high‐temperature oxidation resistance was achieved.
Role of tool shoulder profile and tool rotational speed on the mechanical performance of friction stir welded Al5083 joints
Authors: Sunnapu Chendrasekhar , Kolli Murahari
Published: December 2023

In the current work, Al5083 weld joints have been produced by friction stir welding using three different tool shoulder profiles (flat, concave and convex) at three different tool rotational speeds (900 min−1, 1120 min−1 and 1400 min−1) with an objective to investigate the role of tool shoulder profile and welding parameters on the joint quality. The cross sectional microstructural observations revealed the development of perfect weld joint at 900 min−1 and 1120 min−1 with flat and concave shoulder profiles due to the better material flow in the stir zone. Other weld joints revealed the presence of tunneling defect at the bottom of the nugget zone. Hardness measurements of the weld joints showed increased values at 1120 min−1 with concave shoulder. From the impact test data, all the weld joints exhibited similar impact energy compared with the base material except the weld joint produced with concave shoulder at 1120 min−1. Tensile tests of the weld joints demonstrated better joint strength for the weld joints obtained with both the flat and concave shoulder profiles at 1120 min−1 without losing the ductility similar to that of the base alloy.
Accumulative roll bonding of aluminum alloy 6082: Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties
Authors: Verma J. , Padap A. K.
Published: December 2023

Material strengthening is a key objective of researchers and scientists in the present scenario for industrial applications. Although many processes can strengthen and refine grains, severe plastic deformation is the most dominant of all other techniques. Accumulative roll bonding is one of the severe plastic deformation techniques. This study examined how the various accumulative roll bonding cycles at the elevated preheating temperature affected the mechanical characteristics and microstructural evolution of the AA6082 strip. An optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, and electron backscatter diffraction were used to analyze the bonding and microstructural features. To determine mechanical characteristics, tensile and microhardness tests were also performed. The ultrafine grain size was achieved after accumulative roll bonding processing of AA6082. Accumulative roll bonding processing enhances mechanical properties like tensile strength and microhardness during the initial accumulative roll bonding cycle, but these properties grow more slowly at higher accumulative roll bonding cycles. However, the elongation value considerably decreased in the first cycle before stabilizing. The nice bonding between the layers was seen after accumulative roll bonding. Even after accumulative roll bonding, the fracture morphology reveals a ductile mode of fracture.
Flexural strength of a polymethylmethacrylate resin produced by computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing system after repeated usage of tungsten carbide burs and thermocycling
Authors: Oyar P. , Ulusoy M. , Durkan R. , Ulusoy N.
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine how new and used burs affected the flexural strength of a polymethylmethacrylate resin produced by computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing system following thermocycling. A total of 40 rectangular‐shaped specimens (14 mm×4 mm×1.2 mm) for flexural strength test were fabricated from one brand of a polymethylmethacrylate resin produced by computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing system. Half of the specimens (Group N) were milled using the new tungsten carbide bur set, while the other half (Group U) was milled using the used (250 machining time) tungsten carbide bur set. The specimens were subjected to flexural strength test before and after thermocycling. The One way Analysis of Variance and Duncan tests were used for statistical analysis. Group N had the highest mean flexural strength values, while Group NT (specimens milled with the new bur/before thermal cycling) had the lowest mean flexural strength values. New and used burs have an effect on the flexural strength of a polymethylmethacrylate resin specimens produced by computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing system. Thermocycling process have an effect on the flexural strength values of specimens milled with the new tungsten carbide bur.
Digital Mobility Measures: A Window into Real‐World Severity and Progression of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Mirelman Anat , Volkov Jana , Salomon Amit , Gazit Eran , Nieuwboer Alice , Rochester Lynn , Del Din Silvia , Avanzino Laura , Pelosin Elisa , Bloem Bastiaan R. , Della Croce Ugo , Cereatti Andrea , Thaler Avner , Roggen Daniel , Mazza Claudia , Shirvan Julia , Cedarbaum Jesse M. , Giladi Nir , Hausdorff Jeffrey M.
Published: December 2023

Background

Real‐world monitoring using wearable sensors has enormous potential for assessing disease severity and symptoms among persons with Parkinson's disease (PD). Many distinct features can be extracted, reflecting multiple mobility domains. However, it is unclear which digital measures are related to PD severity and are sensitive to disease progression.

Objectives

The aim was to identify real‐world mobility measures that reflect PD severity and show discriminant ability and sensitivity to disease progression, compared to the Movement Disorder Society‐Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS) scale.

Methods

Multicenter real‐world continuous (24/7) digital mobility data from 587 persons with PD and 68 matched healthy controls were collected using an accelerometer adhered to the lower back. Machine learning feature selection and regression algorithms evaluated associations of the digital measures using the MDS‐UPDRS (I–III). Binary logistic regression assessed discriminatory value using controls, and longitudinal observational data from a subgroup (n = 33) evaluated sensitivity to change over time.

Results

Digital measures were only moderately correlated with the MDS‐UPDRS (part II‐r = 0.60 and parts I and III‐r = 0.50). Most associated measures reflected activity quantity and distribution patterns. A model with 14 digital measures accurately distinguished recently diagnosed persons with PD from healthy controls (81.1%, area under the curve: 0.87); digital measures showed larger effect sizes (Cohen's d: [0.19–0.66]), for change over time than any of the MDS‐UPDRS parts (Cohen's d: [0.04–0.12]).

Conclusions

Real‐world mobility measures are moderately associated with clinical assessments, suggesting that they capture different aspects of motor capacity and function. Digital mobility measures are sensitive to early‐stage disease and to disease progression, to a larger degree than conventional clinical assessments, demonstrating their utility, primarily for clinical trials but ultimately also for clinical care. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Inverse coefficient problem for a time‐fractional wave equation with initial‐boundary and integral type overdetermination conditions
Authors: Durdiev D. K. , Turdiev H. H.
Published: December 2023

This paper considers the inverse problem of determining the time‐dependent coefficient in the time‐fractional diffusion‐wave equation. In this case, an initial boundary value problem was set for the fractional diffusion‐wave equation, and an additional condition was given for the inverse problem of determining the coefficient from this equation. First of all, it was considered the initial boundary value problem. By the Fourier method, this problem is reduced to equivalent integral equations. Then, using the Mittag‐Leffler function and the generalized singular Gronwall inequality, we get a priori estimate for solution via unknown coefficient which we will need to study of the inverse problem. The inverse problem is reduced to the equivalent integral of equation of Volterra type. The principle of contracted mapping is used to solve this equation. Local existence and global uniqueness results are proved. The stability estimate is also obtained.
Editorial of the special issue on modelling, analysis, and applications
Authors: Pinto Carla M. A. , Zeidan Dia , Cortés‐Lopéz Juan Carlos , Tenreiro Machado J. A.
Published: December 2023

This special issue of the Journal Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences on the topic of Modelling, Analysis, and Applications is devoted to the development of mathematical modelling, analysis, and applications, from theoretical and numerical perspectives, involving different applied sciences and engineering. It collects invited contributions, from selected quality full papers submitted to the International Conference on Mathematical Analysis and Applications in Science and Engineering (ICMA2SC2022). The conference took place in Porto, Portugal in 27–29 June 2022 (https://www.isep.ipp.pt/Page/ViewPage/ICMASC).
Adaptive peak extraction algorithm assisted fiber cavity ring‐down spectroscopy measurement system for refractive index sensing
Authors: Li Hui , Zhang Qiang , Wang Rui , Liu Kun , Chen Yujun , Wang Puting , Yu Benli , Sheng Zhou
Published: December 2023

The article presents a dual‐optimized adaptive algorithm based on continuous wavelet transform and derivative precise peak capture is developed for fiber cavity ring‐down spectroscopy. Adaptive spectral signal processing is achieved so that peak selection blindness can be effectively solved. To verify the performance of the dual‐optimized adaptive algorithm, a highly sensitive refractive index sensor using a bandgap fiber‐based linear fiber cavity is demonstrated. The developed dual‐optimized adaptive algorithm is compared with the conventional maximum extraction algorithm, and the results show that the dual‐optimized adaptive algorithm has a better performance in suppressing noise and processing superimposed peaks. A stable enhancement factor of 5 is obtained, indicating that the newly developed dual‐optimized adaptive algorithm can generate a high‐quality cavity ring‐down spectrum for applications including refractive index sensors, biosensors, strain gauges, and pressure sensors.
Multigas nonresonant photoacoustic spectroscopy sensor based on a broadband radiation source
Authors: Peng Jie , Wang Ruifeng , Cao Yuan , Mei Jiaoxu , Wang Guishi , Liu Kun , Gao Xiaoming , Cheng Gang
Published: December 2023

Multigas detection is in demand for a wide range of environmental and industrial applications. In this work, a sensitive and selective multigas photoacoustic spectroscopy (MG‐PAS) sensor was developed by employing a nonresonant photoacoustic spectroscopy technique combining a broadband radiation source. Six gases including CO, CO2, CH4, C2H2, C2H4, and C2H6 were selected as target measurement molecules. Selectivity of the MG‐PAS was realized by using six mid‐infrared narrow‐band filters which integrated in a homemade filter wheel. A minimum concentration detection limits of 0.2 ppm for CO, 0.05 ppm for CO2, 0.12 ppm for CH4, 0.1 ppm for C2H2, 0.81 ppm for C2H4, and 0.05 ppm for C2H6 were obtained, respectively, with a 1‐s integration time. Measurements of six gas mixtures showed that the average measurement error of the MG‐PAS sensor was within 2%.