Efek Aplikasi Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula dan Pupuk KaliumTerhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Pisang Ketan (Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Potash Fertilizer Application on the Growth and Production of Banana cv. Ketan)
Authors: Muas Irwan , Jumjunidang NFN , Hendri NFN , Emilda Deni , Fatria Dewi 
Published: October 2019

<p><span lang="EN-US">Aplikasi mikroba <em>inducer</em> dan pemupukan merupakan komponen teknologi yang dapat memengaruhi keberhasilan pengelolaan tanaman pisang. Informasi tentang pemanfaatan mikroba <em>induser</em> dan pemupukan kalium untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman pisang di Indonesia masih sangat terbatas sehingga penelitian mengenai hal tersebut perlu dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui efek aplikasi fungi mikoriza arbuskula (FMA) dan pemupukan kalium terhadap pertumbuhan   dan produksi pisang ketan. Penelitian disusun berdasarkan rancangan petak terbagi dan diulang tiga kali. Sebagai petak utama adalah aplikasi FMA (tanpa inokulasi dan diinokulasi FMA), sedangkan anak petak adalah pemberian pupuk kalium (0, 200, 400</span><span>,</span><span lang="EN-US"> dan 600 g K<sub>2</sub>O/ tanaman/tahun). </span><span lang="SV">Pengamatan karakter tanah   dilakukan sebelum dan setelah percobaan, antara lain terhadap  pH,  N total, P , K, Ca, Mg</span><span>,</span><span lang="SV"> dan  KTK efektif.   Pengamatan</span><span>  karakter pertumbuhan tanaman (vegetatif dan generatif) </span><span lang="EN-US">meliputi tinggi </span><span> t</span><span lang="EN-US">anaman  , jumlah daun, diameter batang, </span><span>yang dilakukan   1 bulan sekali</span><span lang="EN-US">, serta saat keluar jantung.</span><span> Pengamatan terhadap  </span><span lang="EN-US">kandungan</span><span> hara makro pada daun (N, P, K, Ca, Mg</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span>  dan kolonisasi FMA pada akar pisang </span><span lang="EN-US"> dilaksanakan pada kondisi tanaman akan memasuki fase generati</span><span>f</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span><span> Parameter produksi  yang diamati meliputi</span><span> bobot buah </span><span lang="EN-US">per</span><span> tandan, </span><span> </span><span>jumlah sisir </span><span lang="EN-US">per</span><span> tandan</span><span lang="EN-US"> dan</span><span> jumlah buah </span><span lang="EN-US">per tandan.</span><span> Jumlah tanaman sampel yang diamati adalah sebanyak delapan tanaman dari setiap perlakuan. </span><span lang="EN-US">Hasil penelitian</span><span lang="EN-US">menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat pengaruh interaksi aplikasi FMA dan pupuk kalium terhadap parameter pertumbuhan dan komponen produksi. Aplikasi FMA  memberikan pengaruh terhadap saat keluar jantung dan bobot buah/tandan, tetapi tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap beberapa parameter produksi seperti saat panen, jumlah sisir serta jumlah buah per sisir.  Pemberian pupuk kalium   dapat meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, mempercepat saat keluar jantung, saat panen dan meningkatkan produksi.. <span class="hps">Implikasi</span></span><span class="hps"><span> dari</span></span><span> <span class="hps">penelitian ini</span> </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN-US">adalah dalam meningkatkan produksi pisang perlu dilakukan aplikasi FMA dan pemupukan kalium.</span></span><br /> <br /><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p><span lang="EN">Pisang</span><span>;</span><span lang="EN-US">Fungi </span><span>m</span><span lang="EN-US">ikoriza </span><span>a</span><span lang="EN-US">rbuskula</span><span>;</span><span lang="EN-US"> Kalium</span><span>;</span><span lang="EN-US"> Produksi dan kualitas</span></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Application of microbial inducer and fertilization is part of technology components that can affect the success of the banana cultivation management. Information about the use of microbial inducers and pottasium fertilizer to increase the productivity of banana plants in Indonesia is still very limited, further reseach is needed. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and potassium fertilization on the growth and production of banana (var. <em>K</em><em>etan</em>).   The study is based on split plot design and repeated three times. As main plot was application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (without and with inoculation) while as subplot was different dose of potassium fertilizer (0, 200, 400 and 600 g K<sub>2</sub>O/plant/year). Observations of soil characteristics were carried out before and after the experiment, including pH, N total, P, K, Ca, Mg, and effective CEC. Observation of plant growth characters (vegetative and generative), including plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, which is done once a month, and bud appearing. Observation of macro nutrient content in leaves (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and FMA colonization on banana roots, carried out on plant conditions will enter the generative phase. Production parameters observed included fruit weight per bunch, hand number   and fnger number per bunch. The number of plants observed was 8 plants from each treatment. The results showed that there was no interaction effect between application arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and potassium fertilizers to growth parameters, and production.  Application of FMA accelerated bud appearing and increased the yield of banana (fruit weight/bunch) but it did not give a real impact on some production parameters such as the harvesting time, hand number and finger number per bunch.  Application of potassium fertilizer increasedA plant height, stem diameter, accelerated bud appearing, harvesting time and increased the yield of banana (fruit weight/bunch). The implication of this research is to improve banana production with application FMA and potassium fertilizer.</p>