bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract B28: Identification of breast cancer metastasis promoting genes by next generation sequencing
Authors: Szczepanek Karol , Hunter Kent
Published: May 2019

Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality of women in the United States. The majority of cancer deaths are due to metastases rather than the primary tumor, therefore a better understanding of the mechanisms that lead to metastatic disease is critical to reducing breast cancer-related mortality. A majority of cancer cells that leave the primary tumor are either removed by the immune system or fail to survive in distant organs. However, some cancer cells acquire molecular features that allow them to survive and proliferate in secondary sites, such as lung, liver, brain, and bone. In order to design highly efficient anti-metastatic therapies, it is crucial to address metastasis-specific mechanisms of growth and survival. One of the major hurdles to developing these therapies is the genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity between primary tumors and metastases, as well as between individual metastases. The goal of this project is to characterize the transcriptomic landscape of breast cancer metastases using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) tools in order to identify potential genes that drive (metastasis promoters) or inhibit (metastasis suppressors) the metastatic outgrowth in distant organs. Therefore, RNA sequencing was performed on breast cancer primary tumors and matching lung metastases from two different mouse models: Polyomavirus Middle-T antigen (PyMT) transgenic mice, a model of spontaneous and highly aggressive breast cancer, as well as from mouse mammary cancer cells orthotopically injected into FVB mice. RNA sequencing using the NGS platform revealed genes that were highly expressed in metastases compared to primary tumors. Interestingly, overlapping the RNA-seq datasets from these two distinct models revealed a shared subset of upregulated genes, strongly suggesting that these genes are likely to be common metastatic outgrowth promoters. To validate these candidate genes, we are currently developing a CRISPR sgRNA library for orthotopic transplant experiments. The genes displaying in vivo effects on metastatic outgrowth in the lungs will be further explored for the development of targeted anti-metastatic therapies.

Citation Format: Karol Szczepanek, Kent Hunter. Identification of breast cancer metastasis promoting genes by next generation sequencing. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; 2015 Nov 30-Dec 3; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(7 Suppl):Abstract nr B28.
Abstract B39: PI3K therapy-induced adaptive mitochondria reprogramming fuels metastatic traits
Authors: Caino M. Cecilia , Altieri Dario C.
Published: May 2019

Tumors rewire cell metabolism and autophagy to adapt to environmental stress conditions, including hypoxia, starvation and oxidative stress. Such adaptive reprogramming includes a switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, use of glutamine as fuel instead of glucose and increased biosynthesis of lipids and nucleotides. Although these processes promote resistance to apoptosis and support biomass expansion, they are also energetically inefficient, making it unclear how transformed cells accomplish highly energy-demanding tasks, including invasion and metastasis. Scattered evidences suggest that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation may be important for cancer traits, including stemmness, tumor repopulation and drug resistance. We recently demonstrated that targeting of the universal cancer node phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) induces extensive bioenergetics and transcriptional reprogramming in tumor cells, paradoxically culminating with preservation of homeostatic mitochondrial bioenergetics, opposing permeability transition and tumor cell death. Here we sought to understand how tumors adapt to molecular therapy as it pertains to tumor progression. Our results show that PI3K inhibitors used in the clinic induce global changes in activation of growth factor receptor kinases, reactivation of Akt and mTOR signaling, and dramatically increased tumor cell invasion. This involves the trafficking of energetically active mitochondria to the cortical cytoskeleton of tumor cells, supporting membrane lamellipodia dynamics, heightened turnover of focal adhesion complexes and increased velocity and distance of random cell migration. Furthermore, a single dose of PI3Ki increased liver metastasis after intrasplenic-injection of tumor cells in mice. Mechanistic studies pinpoint the role of Akt, mTOR, mitochondrial Hsp90s, the autophagy initiating complex ULK1/FIP200 and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in the adaptive response to PI3Ki. Blocking oxidative phosphorylation by targeting mtHsp90s prevented the repositioning of mitochondria to sites of cell movements, impaired membrane dynamics and suppressed tumor cell invasion. Our results suggest a potential drawback for PI3K therapy, namely the increased risk of metastasis in patients. Targeting mitochondrial reprogramming is feasible, and could provide a novel therapeutic strategy to limit disease dissemination.

Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference.

Citation Format: M. Cecilia Caino, Dario C. Altieri. PI3K therapy-induced adaptive mitochondria reprogramming fuels metastatic traits. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; 2015 Nov 30-Dec 3; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(7 Suppl):Abstract nr B39.
Abstract B46: Biomechanical preconditioning of circulating tumor cell adhesion during metastasis
Authors: Spencer Adrianne , Zhu Zhiying , Lee Katerina , Lee Jason , Spruell Chris , Williams Chad , Voyvodic Peter , Ramaswami Ashwin , Jiang Ning , Baker Aaron
Published: May 2019

This abstract is being presented as a short talk in the scientific program. A full abstract is printed in the Proffered Abstracts section (PR08) of the Conference Proceedings.

Citation Format: Adrianne Spencer, Zhiying Zhu, Katerina Lee, Jason Lee, Chris Spruell, Chad Williams, Peter Voyvodic, Ashwin Ramaswami, Ning Jiang, Aaron Baker. Biomechanical preconditioning of circulating tumor cell adhesion during metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; 2015 Nov 30-Dec 3; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(7 Suppl):Abstract nr B46.
Abstract B63: Cell surface vimentin (CSV) serves as markers and targets for EMT, stem cancer cell and metastatic cells
Authors: Mitra Abhisek , Noh Hyangsoon , Li Shulin
Published: May 2019

The presence of cancer stem–like cells and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) cancer cells serves as one of the primary mechanisms for causing metastasis in cancer. However, there is no clear and universal cell surface markers for identifying these types of cells though multiple intracellular markers for EMT or non-universal markers for cancer stem cells are reported. A clear, functional and universal EMT and cancer stem cell marker will assist our understanding in cancer cell metastasis. Recently, we discovered that Vimentin, an intracellular EMT tumor cell marker, is present on the surface of circulating tumor cells and on the surface of colon metastatic tumor nodules in the liver. In this study, we examined the potential of using this marker as a capturing target to isolate EMT stem–like cancer cells using a cell surface Vim-binding antibody, 84-1, which was developed in-house. Using this antibody, we purified the csVim+CD133- cell population from primary liver and GBM tumor cell suspensions. Stem cell characterization assays demonstrated that csVim+CD133- cells have stem–like properties similar to the csVim-CD133+ population. This population also showed tumorigenicity under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Moreover, csVim+CD133- cells stained with classical EMT markers Twist and Slug to validate their metastatic phenotypes. In vivo inoculation further revealed that the csVim+CD133- population supported EMT-like phenotypes and aggressive metastasis in livers as compared to the csVim-CD133+ population. In the era of personalized cancer therapy, this population should also be considered a promising target for the treatment and prevention of metastatic carcinoma.

Citation Format: Abhisek Mitra, Hyangsoon Noh, Shulin Li. Cell surface vimentin (CSV) serves as markers and targets for EMT, stem cancer cell and metastatic cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; 2015 Nov 30-Dec 3; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(7 Suppl):Abstract nr B63.
Abstract IA05: Where the wild things are: Perivascular regulation of disseminated tumor cell dormancy and chemoresistance
Authors: Ghajar Cyrus M.
Published: May 2019

In a significant fraction of breast cancer patients, distant metastases emerge after years or even decades of latency. How disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) are kept dormant, and what wakes them up, are fundamental problems in tumor biology. To address these questions, we use metastasis assays in mice and zebrafish and have determined that the perivascular niche of distant sites like the lung, bone marrow, liver and brain regulate DTC dormancy. We have developed organotypic microvascular niches to specify that endothelial cells regulate breast cancer cell growth, and applied proteomics to identify endothelial-derived mediators of DTC dormancy. More recently, we have begun to explore whether the perivascular niche confers therapeutic resistance to DTCs. I will present data that suggests strongly that the perivascular niche regulates therapeutic resistance of DTCs in a manner that is independent from its role in regulating DTC growth. Our goal is to uncover these mechanisms to guide strategies to eradicate dormant DTCs without affecting their growth status. We believe this will result in a viable strategy to prevent metastasis.

Citation Format: Cyrus M. Ghajar. Where the wild things are: Perivascular regulation of disseminated tumor cell dormancy and chemoresistance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; 2015 Nov 30-Dec 3; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(7 Suppl):Abstract nr IA05.
Abstract IA07: Systemic regulation of breast cancer progression
Authors: McAllister Sandra S.
Published: May 2019

Recurrent disease affects approximately 30% of breast cancer patients but, unfortunately, by the time overt metastases are detected, it is no longer possible to treat breast cancer patients with curative intent. Clinical evidence indicates that in women who are diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer, tumor cells disseminate from the primary tumor prior to surgical resection but can remain indolent for varying periods of time before the patient becomes symptomatic. The reasons why certain disseminated cells remain indolent while others erupt into malignant tumors remain unknown; it is therefore currently difficult to predict with any degree of accuracy which patients will experience disease relapse.

Our lab uses various mouse and xenograft models of breast cancer progression to study the early phases of metastatic disease when patients harbor indolent disseminated tumor cells in the periphery at the time of their primary diagnosis. Using triple-negative models, we previously showed that certain tumor systemically support the outgrowth of distant, otherwise indolent disseminated tumors, doing so by secreting cytokines into the host circulation and activating bone marrow hematopoietic cells to become pro-tumorigenic (McAllister, et al., Cell, 2008; Elkabets, et al., JCI, 2011; Castano, et al, Ca Disc, 2013). Using models of luminal breast cancer, we discovered that certain tumors promote the outgrowth of distant tumors by supporting angiogenesis (Kuznetsov, et al., Ca Disc, 2012).

More recently, we have begun to identify the properties of disseminated tumor cells that are poised to respond to systemic factors and importantly, the phenotype of those that do not respond to systemic regulation. We have learned that certain systemic factors (cytokines and hematopoietic cells) elicited by primary breast tumors can sustain tumor-initiating properties of disseminated cells.

Our findings highlight the systemic environment as an important component of disease progression that can be exploited to more accurately identify patients who would benefit from neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy. Moreover, we hope that this work will pave the way to designing new therapies that can be delivered at a time when what has previously been an inexorable progression to terminal metastatic disease may be prevented.

Citation Format: Sandra S. McAllister. Systemic regulation of breast cancer progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; 2015 Nov 30-Dec 3; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(7 Suppl):Abstract nr IA07.
Abstract IA21: An integrated genome-wide systems genetics screen for breast cancer metastasis susceptibility genes
Authors: Hunter Kent W. , Bai Ling , Yang Howard H. , Hu Ying , Shukla Anjali , Ha Ngoc-Han , Doran Anthony , Faraji Farhoud , Goldberger Natalie , Lee Maxwell P. , Keane Thomas
Published: May 2019

Metastasis remains the primary cause of patient morbidity and mortality in solid tumors and is due to the action of a large number of tumor-autonomous and non-autonomous factors. Hundreds or thousands of genes are thought to be associated with metastasis however how many of these genes contribute etiologically to tumor progression is not currently known. Identification of the genes contributing mechanistically to the metastatic processes will not only deepen our understanding of how metastases occur, but also provide novel targets for either preventing their formation or combatting their life-threatening effects. Previously our laboratory demonstrated that inbred mice of distinct phylogenetic lineages possess distinct propensity for metastatic disease, indicating that inherited susceptibility for metastasis exists and that polymorphisms can both mark and functionally effect genes within the metastatic cascade. Here we report the results of a genome-wide integrated strategy to identify novel metastasis susceptibility candidate genes and molecular pathways which implicates a number of transcriptional regulators and suggests cell-mediated immunity is an important determinant. The strategy described integrates meiotic genetic screens with epigenetic control of gene expression and three dimensional chromatin structure analyses to identify genes, molecular and cellular pathways likely to be important in metastatic disease. Moreover, the analysis identified novel or FDA-approved drugs as potentially useful for anti-metastatic therapy. Further explorations implementing this strategy may therefore provide a variety of information for clinical applications in the control and treatment of advanced neoplastic disease.

Citation Format: Kent W. Hunter, Ling Bai, Howard H. Yang, Ying Hu, Anjali Shukla, Ngoc-Han Ha, Anthony Doran, Farhoud Faraji, Natalie Goldberger, Maxwell P. Lee, Thomas Keane. An integrated genome-wide systems genetics screen for breast cancer metastasis susceptibility genes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; 2015 Nov 30-Dec 3; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(7 Suppl):Abstract nr IA21.
Abstract IA22: CYP3A5 mediates resistance to small molecule inhibitors in a subtype of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Noll Elisa M. , Noll Elisa M. , Eisen Christian , Eisen Christian , Espinet Elisa , Espinet Elisa , Stenzinger Albrecht , Weichert Wilko , Sprick Martin R. , Trumpp Andreas , Trumpp Andreas
Published: May 2019

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is clinically still treated as a single disease. We have generated patient-derived models representing the recently identified quasi-mesenchymal, classical and exocrine-like PDAC subtypes, and report a two-marker set facilitating patient stratification by immunohistochemistry. The subtypes show significant differences in overall survival and drug sensitivity, with the exocrine-like subtype being resistant to the tyrosine kinase inhibitors erlotinib, dasatinib, as well as the chemotherapeutic paclitaxel. Highly expressed cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) actively metabolizes these compounds in the exocrine-like subtype, and pharmacological or shRNA-mediated CYP3A5 inhibition sensitizes tumor cells in vivo. Additionally, we investigated the transcriptional network underlying the subtype-specific CYP3A5 expression. Hence, these data show that exocrine-like PDAC adopts a highly effective detoxification mechanism akin to that of hepatocytes. High expression of CYP3A5 in other tumor entities suggests this pathway as an important target to overcome drug resistance and to predict response to therapy with small molecule drugs.

Citation Format: Elisa M. Noll, Elisa M. Noll, Christian Eisen, Christian Eisen, Elisa Espinet, Elisa Espinet, Albrecht Stenzinger, Wilko Weichert, Martin R. Sprick, Andreas Trumpp, Andreas Trumpp. CYP3A5 mediates resistance to small molecule inhibitors in a subtype of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; 2015 Nov 30-Dec 3; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(7 Suppl):Abstract nr IA22.
Abstract PR04: Intravital microscopy of prostate cancer lesions in bone: Kinetics of osteolysis and therapy response
Authors: Dondossola Eleonora , Alexander Stephanie , Alexander Steve , Holzapfel Boris , Logothetis Christopher , Hutmacher Dietmar , Friedl Peter
Published: May 2019

Bone metastases are the initial site of progression and account for many of the complications experienced by men with metastatic prostate cancer (PCa), including therapy resistance. Besides cell intrinsic mechanisms, the interaction between PCa cells and the bone microenvironment critically contributes to lesion expansion and drug sensitivity. We here developed a mouse model amenable to intravital multiphoton microscopy (iMPM) to longitudinally study PCa-stromal cell interactions and therapy response in a partially humanized neobone, established in the dermis of the mouse. Tissue engineered bone constructs, TEBCs, were generated by functionalizing polymeric polycaprolactone scaffolds with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) differentiated to osteoblasts followed by cell-derived calcification of the inter-scaffold space. 30 days after implantation of functionalized scaffolds under the skin of the mouse, bone and bone marrow maturation resulted in a 30mm3 cavity surrounded by optically transparent cortical bone of 50-60 μm thickness, as monitored by microCT and iMPM. Intra-bone tumor growth and osteolysis caused by human fluorescent PCa cells (PC3) were three-dimensionally reconstructed by multi-parameter detection through a body window, including collagen and bone matrix (SHG), calcified bone (fluorescent bisphosphonates), osteoclasts (cathepsin K), bone surface (THG), blood vessels and stromal phagocytes (fluorescent dextran), and PC3 cells (nuclear H2B/eGFP, cytoplasmatic DsRed2). As a proof of concept, the efficacy to halt bone remodeling during bisphosphonate therapy was detected, revealing the composition and kinetics of the bone-tumor interface, including oscillating bone loss followed by neo-apposition. Thus, combining engineered neobone with an optical window is suited to detail the 3D organization and dynamics of cancer lesions in bone and provides mechanistic insight and efficacy predictions for therapy response.

Citation Format: Eleonora Dondossola, Stephanie Alexander, Steve Alexander, Boris Holzapfel, Christopher Logothetis, Dietmar Hutmacher, Peter Friedl. Intravital microscopy of prostate cancer lesions in bone: Kinetics of osteolysis and therapy response. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; 2015 Nov 30-Dec 3; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(7 Suppl):Abstract nr PR04.
Identificação dos Aspectos Conceituais e elementos que constituem o Branding e Destination Branding
Authors: Pereira Lucimari Acosta , Limberger Pablo Flôres , Flores Luiz Carlos da Silva
Published: May 2019

Com o crescimento acelerado do mercado turístico o consumidor tem diversas opções de escolha, e as empresas visam através de ferramentas como o Branding e no caso do Turismo o Destination Branding posicionar a imagem de seu produto a fim de obter vantagens competitivas, influenciando a escolha de seu público alvo. Neste sentido o presente estudo visa compreender e abordar os aspectos conceituais bem como identificar as variáveis do Branding e Destination branding, elencando os processos que os compõe, as linhas de pesquisa abordadas ao longo da evolução dos estudos. Os conceitos foram analisados numa perspectiva longitudinal, para cumprir com o objetivo da pesquisa e fazer as incursões exploratórias deste artigo, foi utilizado o método de pesquisa bibliográfica em livros e artigos científicos. Foi feita uma análise exploratória, e que deram subsidio para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa. Quanto os resultados os mesmos apresentaram diversos materiais sobre o tema, poucos autores se posicionam conceitualmente sobre o tema nos seus marcos teóricos, quanto aos elementos identificados os mesmos demostram que há lacunas de estudos a serem preenchidas para que possam dar subsidio teórico e metodológico para novos estudos, além de gerar contribuições gerenciais.
Uso do espaço e comportamento dos visitantes como indicador de desempenho dos espaços abertos de jardins zoológicos
Authors: Balleste Samantha Medeiros , Naoumova Natalia
Published: May 2019

Proporcionar um espaço qualificado é considerado essencial para o cumprimento das funções de educação e entretenimento dos jardins zoológicos. No entanto, há carência de estudos que abordem a qualidade espacial nessas instituições, baseados em avaliações envolvendo indivíduos. Assim, esta investigação tem como objetivo verificar como os espaços abertos dos jardins zoológicos são apreendidos e vivenciados, identificando quais elementos físicos-espaciais desses ambientes intensificam o uso do espaço e podem estar relacionados a percepção de qualidade ambiental. O trabalho adota uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa e quantitativa e é conduzido a partir de um estudo de caso, o Parque Zoológico da FZB/RS. O uso e as preferências dos visitantes são considerados como medida de desempenho ambiental.
Sistemas de espaços livres e drenagem urbana
Authors: Battemarco Bruna Peres , Yamamoto Lilian , Veról Aline Pires , Rêgo Andréa , Vasconcellos Virgínia , Miguez Marcelo Gomes
Published: May 2019

Nas últimas décadas, a visão tradicional do projeto de drenagem vem sendo modificada por uma abordagem integrada de manejo sustentável das águas pluviais e planejamento urbano. Os sistemas de espaços livres surgem como atores de integração do ambiente, configurando oportunidades de criação de projetos multifuncionais, por exemplo, acumulando funções para soluções de drenagem, organização do crescimento urbano e união de áreas fragmentadas. O presente trabalho tem como objeto de estudo a praça Xavier de Brito, localizada no bairro Tijuca, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Após reconhecimento do seu entorno e análise das áreas mais afetadas por inundações, optou-se por formalizar um percurso ao longo do Rio Maracanã, buscando melhorar a relação entre o espaço urbano e o rio, e estabelecer a integração dos espaços livres, conectando a praça Xavier de Brito às demais praças adjacentes. Além disso, foram propostas medidas de drenagem urbana sustentável ao longo do percurso escolhido, como a utilização de pavimentos permeáveis, jardins de chuva e bacias de detenção, por exemplo. A partir de modelagem matemática, foi analisada a resposta da região às inundações com a aplicação das medidas propostas.
EMPTY FATHERS AND FAILLING EMPIRES: THE DECONSTRUCTION OF MASCULINITY IN CANTO X
Authors: Castro Denise Saive
Published: May 2019

The epic poem Os Lusíadas reflects mid-sixteenth century imperial masculinity as Camões narrates the deeds of Gama and his successors mainly in a glorifying way. However, the poet also expresses his worry about a loss of glory and an analogy may be drawn between effeminacy and the failing empire. Specifically, Canto IX and X hold a rhetorical encouragement for D. Sebastião to be a “father” to his nation. This paper focuses particularly on the patrilineal construct and shows how kleos (heroic glory passed from father to son) during the imperial conquest becomes empty since patrilineality fails when fathers survive their sons, thereby revealing an empire under pressure.
LEITURA DE ARA À LUZ DA TEORIA QUEER
Authors: Ferreira Helena , Ferreira Aline
Published: May 2019

No presente trabalho, faz-se uma leitura da obra Ara, de Ana Luísa Amaral à luz da teoria queer, que se aplica à questão das entidades de género que emergiu dos trabalhos desenvolvidos pelos estudos gay e lésbicos e que não pode ser dissociada da teoria feminista, uma vez que ambas surgiram a partir de reflexões sobre a dificuldade dos grupos minoritários terem voz e se representarem dentro de uma linguagem e de uma sociedade falogocêntrica.
DIVERGÊNCIAS E CONVERGÊNCIAS NO FILME A OUTRA MARGEM, DE LUÍS FILIPE ROCHA
Authors: Sobreira Luís Alexandre Rodrigues
Published: May 2019

Em A outra margem, Luís Filipe Rocha conta a aventura humana de seres que a sociedade remeteu para as margens, por os considerar como aberrações, deficientes ou em falta. Ricardo, travesti homossexual, Vasco, seu sobrinho que sofre de trissomia 21, Maria, mãe solteira, e o transsexual Luís/Carla representam um desvio em relação à norma (o modelo heteronormativo, a lógica produtivista, a moral tradicional). Se o rio, imagem central no filme, separa, é também à beira dele que ocorrem muitos reencontros. Os próprios “marginais” aprenderão a conhecer-se mutuamente e a aceitar a alteridade do outro. Uma das pontes que os aproximará é a arte, crucial na (re)construção das respetivas identidades.
Biocontrol properties of some agricultural waste extracts on three nematode species in in vitro and in vivo conditions
Authors: Roshan-Bakhsh Ali , Pourjam Ebrahim , Ayyari Mahdi , Pedram Majid
Published: May 2019

Extracts of nine agricultural wastes prepared with five different solvents were assessed for their potential nematicidal activity against three nematode species, Aphelenchus avenae, Meloidogyne incognita and Pratylenchus neglectus, in in vitro condition. The 50% v/v hydro-ethanolic extracts showed the highest performance for two tested plant wastes of cabbage leaves and faba bean pods. These two extracts were tested on nematodes in three different concentrations. The highest in vitro nematistatic activity was recorded for 3000 and 1500 ppm of cabbage leaf extracts by 100% paralysis of all three nematode species after 48 h, and the highest nematicidal activity was recorded for the above-mentioned extract by 25-100% mortality depending on nematode species and extract concentration. A 14-94% mortality was recorded for all three species of nematodes after treatment with faba bean pod hydro-ethanolic extract in in vitro conditions. Hatching inhibition and repellent activity of cabbage leaf and faba bean pod extracts were observed in P. neglectus and M. incognita. In vivo assays confirmed the in vitro results when both of the extracts showed moderate to high inhibition of nematode population development and nematode infection parameters on tomato root system in pot experiments.
Circassia: Remembering the Past Empowers the Future
Authors: Hille Charlotte , Gendron Renée
Published: May 2019

This article recounts the story of how the Circassians have been able to raise awareness of their deportation in the 1860s during the Caucasian Wars. After a brief methodology the authors provide an overview of the Circassian history. The second section analyses the period when the Circassian population came under Russian rule after the 1860s. The third part focuses on three broad approaches or strategies used by several Circassian groups to increase the awareness of the Circassian subjugation in the 1860s. The last two sections discuss some of the changes that have occurred as a direct result of the work undertaken by Circassian organisations. The authours argue that the Circassians have created lieux de mémoire, especially since the beginning of the 1990s, what does not always overlap with the dominant Russian perception of history in the North Caucasus. The analysis demonstrates how the Circassians have (re)discovered their story and the impact of this new information on their actions.
Interpretation of the Meaning of ‘Direct Effect’ in the Revised Treaty of Basseterre
Authors: Phillips Zachary Allen Roy
Published: May 2019

The article utilises the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) rules of interpretation to determine the meaning of ‘direct effect’ within the Revised Treaty of Basseterre (RTB). The RTB is the constituent treaty of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS). Despite the RTB having been in force since 2011 there has not been a single contentious case regarding the interpretation of the RTB. While the RTB and the OECS gained some inspiration from the European Union (EU), the Commonwealth Caribbean adheres to the dualist doctrine in the practical relationship between international and domestic law. As such, the meaning of ‘direct effect’ has been the subject of controversy. Therefore, this article shall discern the meaning of ‘direct effect’ within the RTB, including delineating possible practical application. The evaluation shall reveal that the definition is the same, however, due to the Caribbean context the application differs in slight ways.
Cardinalfishes of the genus Nectamia (Apogonidae, Perciformes) from the Indo-Pacific region with descriptions of four new species
Authors: FRASER THOMAS H.
Published: May 2019

The status of Nectamia is re-examined. General morphology including gill arches, cephalic lateralis pores, dorsal-fin elements, scale characteristics and results from recent contributions support recognition as a genus rather than a subgenus. Nine species are removed from Ostorhinchus and placed in Nectamia. Neotypes are established for Apogon fuscus, the type species of Nectamia and for N. bandanensis. Four undescribed species, Nectamia ignitops, N. luxuria, N. similis, and N. viria, having been confused with N. bandanensis, N. fusca and N. savayensis. Two species, Nectamia annularis and N. zebrinus are endemic to the Red Sea. Meristics or morphometrics, absent good color patterns will not conclusively identify each species. A key to the species is provided. Four species are polymorphic with respect to number of gill rakers. Gill-raker variation can be associated with geographic patterns: Red Sea, East Africa plus Mascarene Plateau, China Sea, Indonesia plus Philippines, Palau to Wake I., and Southeast Indonesia-Coral Sea to Mangareva. Color patterns are used in an analysis of phylogeny of the species. Five names are treated as synonyms: Apogon erdmani, a synonym of Nectamia annularis and Apogon guamensis, Apogon nubilus, Apogon ocellatus, and Apogon spongicolus, as synonyms of N. fusca.
New spider species of Coelotinae (Araneae, Amaurobiidae) from northern Thailand IV
Authors: DANKITTIPAKUL PAKAWIN , WANG XIN-PING
Published: May 2019

Two new species of Coelotinae, Draconarius suttisani sp. n. and D. promontorioides sp. n., are described and illustrated from material collected in northern Thailand. Draconarius suttisani sp. n. belongs to the venustus-group. Draconarius promontorioides sp. n. belongs to the lutulentus-group.
Until dirt do us apart: On the unremarkable palp morphology of the spider Sternospina concretipalpis Schmidt & Krause, 1993, with comments on the genus Prionolaema Simon, 1894 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae)
Authors: DIMITROV DIMITAR , ÁLVAREZ-PADILLA FERNANDO , HORMIGA GUSTAVO
Published: May 2019

Examination of the holotype of the tetragnathid spider Sternospina concretipalpis Schmidt & Krause, 1993 demonstrates that the extraordinary claim by the authors of the original description of this species that the male palps are fused is unfounded. The monotypic genus Sternospina Schmidt & Krause, 1993 is a junior synonym of Tylorida Simon, 1894 and S. concretipalpis is a junior synonym of the common species Tylorida striata (Thorell, 1877). The genus Prionolaema Simon, 1894 is a junior synonym of Tetragnatha Latreille, 1804, resulting in two new combinations, Tetragnatha aetherea (Simon, 1894) and T. gracilis (Bryant, 1923). Tetragnatha earmra Levi, 1981 is a junior synonym of Tetragnatha gracilis (Bryant, 1923).
Calvariopsis gen. nov., a new genus of Neotropical Scirtidae (Coleoptera: Scirtoidea)
Authors: RUTA RAFAŁ
Published: May 2019

A new genus of Scirtidae, Calvariopsis gen. nov., is described to accommodate two species described by Maurice Pic (Prionocyphon brasiliensis Pic, 1916 and Cyphon sculptipenne Pic, 1931) and 14 newly described species: Calvariopsis bituberculata sp. nov. (French Guiana), C. borowieci sp. nov. (Ecuador), C. fourgassiense sp. nov. (French Guiana), C. guyanense sp. nov. (Guyana), C. kawense sp. nov. (French Guiana), C. nana sp. nov. (Brazil), C. panamense sp. nov. (Panama), C. peruviana sp. nov. (Peru), C. picta sp. nov. (Bolivia), C. pittieri sp. nov. (Venezuela), C. saopaulense sp. nov. (Brazil), C. venezuelense sp. nov. (Venezuela), C. wittmeri sp. nov. (Brazil), and C. yanayacuense sp. nov. (Ecuador) [type species of Calvariopsis]. The new genus can be distinguished from other Neotropical Scirtidae on the basis of the following characters: antennae filiform, subgenal ridge without buttonhole configuration, head with deep subantennal grooves, mesoventral process short, as long as wide or shorter, hind legs not saltatorial.
Vallissiana universitaria (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): a new genus and species of leaf-mining moth associated with Erythroxylum (Erythroxylaceae) in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil
Authors: PEREIRA CRISTIANO M. , ARÉVALO-MALDONADO HELBER A. , TRIBERTI PAOLO , BRITO ROSÂNGELA , ISAIAS ROSY M. S. , GONÇALVES GISLENE L. , MOREIRA GILSON R. P.
Published: May 2019

Vallissiana universitaria Pereira & Arévalo, a new genus and species of leaf-miner moth (Gracillariidae: Gracillariinae) is described and illustrated with the aid of optical and scanning electron microscopy, including adults, larva, pupa and the mine. Its monophyletic status is confirmed within the subfamily based on a DNA barcode CoI tree. The immature stages are associated with Erythroxylum argentinum O. E. Schulz (Erythroxylaceae) and four larval instars are found, all forming a round blotch mine from the beginning of ontogeny. The first two instars are sap-feeders, using only the epidermal cells, whereas the last two are tissue-feeders, mining the parenchyma cells. Pupation occurs inside the leaf mine within a flimsy, silk-made cocoon. This is the third endemic genus of gracillariid moths described from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil and the first associated with Erythroxylum P. Browne. Characteristics found on the forewing and in the last abdominal segments of the adult were determinant for the proposition of the new genus. The CoI tree indicated that it is closely related to Aspilapteryx, while this genus was recovered as polyphyletic in the analyses. Morphological evidence supports this polyphyly. Consequently, Sabulopteryx Triberti, 1985, stat. nov. is considered a valid genus.
Attainment Effects of Student Loans and Pell Grants
Authors: Marx Benjamin M. , Turner Lesley J.
Published: May 2019

We estimate attainment effects of financial aid at a large community college. Using variation from a field experiment that altered how the college presented loans and a discontinuity in the Pell Grant formula, we separately identify the effects of grant aid and loans on short-run attainment. Although increases in Pell Grant aid cause students to reduce their borrowing, our experiment allows us to partial out the effect of any borrowing response on attainment. Both grants and loans significantly increase credits completed and grades.
Challenges of Monitoring Tax Compliance by Multinational Firms: Evidence from Chile
Authors: Bustos Sebastián , Pomeranz Dina , Vila-Belda José , Zucman Gabriel
Published: May 2019

This paper reviews common challenges of taxing multinational firms, using Chile as a case study. We briefly describe key international tax avoidance methods: profit shifting to low-tax jurisdictions through transfer pricing and debt shifting. We discuss the prevalent policy to tax multinationals--the arm's length principle--and alternative proposals using apportionment formulas. Novel data from Chile show that multinationals make up a large share of GDP but report lower profit and effective tax rates than local firms. In 2011, Chile implemented a reform following OECD guidelines to enforce the arm's length principle. We discuss potential effects on tax collection and welfare.
Benjamin Constant: his debts towards Adam Smith
Authors: Infantino Lorenzo
Published: May 2019

The bonds linking Benjamin Constant's work to the Scottish moralists have always been known. But the discovery and subsequent publication of the 1806 Principes de politique have in particular shown how intellectually indebted Constant was to Adam Smith. In order to develop his theory of the limitation of political power, Constant truly stood on Smith's shoulders. He took up Smith's theory of the dispersal of knowledge, which is probably the most significant page of The Wealth of Nations. Smith believed that every person has a knowledge of particular circumstances of time and place, which puts each of us in a position of advantage compared with all others. It was on the basis of this theorem that he demolished the myth of the omniscient legislator. Therein lies the root of Constant's political theory, and this is often neglected by those who fail to grasp the breadth and fruitfulness of Smith's thought.
Medicinal plants and their effects on diabetic wound healing
Authors: Oguntibeju Oluwafemi O.
Published: May 2019

Wounds have a serious negative impact on the health-care economy of a country, especially on the economy of developing countries where resources are poor and funding is very limited. It is presumed that about 80% of people living in developing countries use traditional medicines which are majorly prepared from medicinal plants to meet their primary health-care needs. Due to the large reservoir of medicinal plants and adequate traditional knowledge on wound healing, many people in Africa and other developing countries use medicinal plants in the treatment of diabetic wounds and related complications. Wound healing in the external and internal biological organs involves a series of complex overlapping processes which demand excellent communication between cells. It is an orderly and highly controlled process characterized by hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Diabetes is a global health problem predicted to rise to over 642 million by 2040. The propelling factor responsible for the increase in morbidity and mortality of diabetes is linked to vascular complications as well as the failure of the wound healing processes in diabetic state. Different approaches have been adopted in the treatment of diabetic wounds, and medicinal plants are certainly one of those approaches that have drawn global attention. In this review paper, the effects of medical plants on wound healing in diabetic state as well as factors affecting wound healing and the mechanism of action of medicinal plants are examined.
Carta ao leitor (Letter to the Reader)
Authors: Silva Júnior João dos Reis
Published: May 2019

Carta ao leitor (Letter to the Reader).v.13, n.2, maio/ago. 2019Keywords: Education, Culture, Subjectivity.Palavras-chave: Educação, Cultura, Subjetividade.
Fecal Microbiota Transplant for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Panacea or Placebo?
Authors: Shaukat Aasma , Brenner Darren M.
Published: May 2019

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder of heterogeneous pathogenesis, and alterations in the gut microbiome/dysbiosis play a role in the development of symptoms in a subset of individuals with IBS. Consequently, it stands to reason that modulation of the microbiome via fecal microbial transplant (FMT) may serve as an effective treatment strategy because this has proven effective for treating other illnesses such as Clostridium difficile colitis. Small studies completed to date have offered conflicting results and the strains used, route of administration, and IBS subtypes may all play a role in treatment outcomes. A better understanding of the altered microbiome of patients with IBS and more rigorous trials are warranted before the utility of fecal microbial transplant for IBS symptoms can be determined.
Trading on the Unknown: Scenarios for the Future Value of Data
Authors: Newlands Gemma , Lutz Christoph , Fieseler Christian
Published: May 2019

In this Article, we explore the practices of extensive data collection among sharing economy platforms, highlighting how the unknown future value of big data creates an ethical problem for a fair exchange relationship between companies and users. Specifically, we present a typology with four scenarios related to the future value of data. In the remainder of the Article, we first describe the status quo of data collection practices in the sharing economy, followed by a discussion of the value-generating affordances of big data. We then introduce the typology of four scenarios for the future value of data. Finally, the paper concludes with a short discussion on the implications of information asymmetries for a fair exchange process.
The Role of Platforms in Fulfilling the Potential of Crowdfunding as an Alternative Decentralized Arena for Cultural Financing
Authors: Davidson Roei
Published: May 2019

This study considers cultural crowdfunding as a heterogeneous system that allows money and attention to flow from backers to founders of cultural projects in diverse cultural sectors and focuses on the nature of the standards governing it. It analyzes Kickstarter’s corporate blog since the platform’s launch and finds indications that social media practices are increasingly naturalized as integral to crowdfunding and that social media architectures are increasingly adopted by the crowdfunding platform. This, I argue, has a potential exclusionary effect. At the same time, the analysis finds evidence that Kickstarter is striving to develop an independent capacity to set aesthetic standards, which might moderate that effect and help constitute crowdfunding as an alternative decentralized arena for the funding of culture.
Silos and First Movers in the Sharing Economy Debates
Authors: Ring Diane M.
Published: May 2019

Over the past few years, a significant global debate has developed over the classification of workers in the sharing economy either as independent contractors or as employees. While Uber and Lyft have dominated the spotlight lately, the worker classification debates extend beyond ridesharing companies and affect workers across a variety of sectors. Classification of a worker as an employee, rather than an independent contractor, can carry a range of implications for worker treatment and protections under labor law, anti-discrimination law, tort law, and tax law, depending on the legal jurisdiction. The debates, at least in the United States, have been incomplete due to the failure of policy makers and advocates to consider the scope and interconnectedness of the worker classification issues across the full sweep of legal arenas. There is time, however, to remedy the incompleteness of these policy conversations before worker classification decisions ossify and path dependence takes hold.

Two interacting forces create the most serious risk for inadequate policy formulation: (1) silos among legal experts, and (2) first-mover effects. Both of these factors, silo and first mover, emerge in sharing economy debates in the United States. Tax experts and other legal specialists operate in distinct silos leading to a misunderstanding by non-tax analysts of the tax ramifications of worker classification, and to an under appreciation on the part of tax experts of the potential influence of “modest” tax rule changes on worker classification generally. The risks of such misunderstandings can be amplified by first-mover efforts, such as: (1) platforms’ contractual designation of workers as independent contractors to bolster a claim of nonemployer/nonemployee status; (2) platforms’ support for proposed tax legislation that would “clarify” the status of sharing workers as independent contractors for tax purposes if they satisfy a multiple-prong (relatively easy) safe harbor test; and (3) sharing economy worker litigation to secure employee status.

This Article identifies the incompleteness in the worker classification debates and argues for the active formulation of policy through a process that looks beyond individual fields. A more complete conversation requires analytical engagement across multiple fields and recognition of the de facto power of reform in one arena to influence others. Moreover, it is by no means clear that just because tax might arrive at the legislative drawing table first (due to first mover effects), that it should drive or shape the broader worker classification debate.
Stochastic partial functional integrodifferential equations driven by a sub-fractional Brownian motion, existence and asymptotic behavior
Authors: Allognissode Fulbert Kuessi , Diop Mamadou Abdoul , Ezzinbi Khalil , Ogouyandjou Carlos
Published: May 2019

This paper deals with the existence and uniqueness of mild solutions to stochastic partial functional integro-differential equations driven by a sub-fractional Brownian motion

S
Q
H

⁢

(
t
)

{S_{Q}^{H}(t)}

, with Hurst parameter

H
∈

(

1
2

,
1
)

{H\in(\frac{1}{2},1)}

. By the theory of resolvent operator developed by R. Grimmer (1982) to establish the existence of mild solutions, we give sufficient conditions ensuring the existence, uniqueness and the asymptotic behavior of the mild solutions. An example is provided to illustrate the theory.
A Grid-Connected, PV-Interfaced Inverter with Coupled Inductor–Based Dual Input 3P3L-ZSI
Authors: Deepika S. , Venkatramanan C. B.
Published: May 2019

This article presents a dual-input impedance network derived three-phase three-level (3P3L) Z-source inverter (ZSI)–based inverter to transfer the power generated on the photovoltaic (PV) system to grid. The PV power generation system has become a most popular renewable power generation system because of the abundant availability of solar energy and the growth of the modern power electronics converters. The ZSI provides single-stage power conversion for dc–ac conversion with a regulated voltage at the output. The proposed inverter is constructed with an Inductor-Capacitor-Capacitor-Transformer (LCCT)-derived impedance network to extend the voltage boosting gain and efficiency with small duty ratio. The boosting gain, efficiency, and power transfer capability of the proposed topology are demonstrated by several case studies. The experimental results of the proposed 3P3L-ZSI–based inverter with dual-input voltage source are presented to validate the simulated results.