bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Operational Behavior of Chloroprene Belts at their Performance Limit
Authors: Schaefer Frank H
Published: August 2011

This paper investigates the main parameters like power, torque, speed, slip and temperature influencing power transmission and belt life. The specimen chosen are common narrow V-belts existing of a Chloroprene matrix. The design procedures used in practice so far are not fully capable to achieve an optimised design due to the individual application as they do not consider the belt's temperature. The results of this investigation show the interaction of the drive operation and belt temperature of the elastomeric material as well as the belt performance limit due to slip respectively belt's temperature.
Coordination and Incentive Mechanisms on Collaborative Investment in the Supply Chain
Authors: Zhao Pei , Xiong Zhaong Kai , Xiong Yu
Published: August 2011

This paper examines coordination problems and corresponding incentive mechanisms between a retailer and a third-party Logistics for jointly investing in an information technology that has the potential to improve the efficiency and security of the supply chain. The conclusion indicates that internal incentive mechanisms, such as investment cost sharing among supply chain partners, are not likely to resolve underinvestment problems completely; Instead, external financial incentive mechanisms, such as tax incentives, need to be considered to coordinate the supply chain.
Numerical Computation of Dynamic Character Coefficient of Journal Bearing
Authors: Shi Dong Yan , Shi Xian Jie , Shi Xing Bao
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study is to determine the dynamic character coefficient of journal bearing with the consideration of bearing load direction and oil groove. Based on numerical differential method, the oil film pressure distribution on journal bearing is obtained with the point-by-point relaxation iteration method. Then, the dynamic characters are calculated by numerical integral algorithm.The calculation program is developed for the dynamic characteristics of journal bearing. The computation method provides a useful guide for the numerical simulation of rotary parts.
Research on Dimensional Variable Groove Cutting Machine of CNC H-Beam Wedge Head
Authors: Xue Kai , Li Yu Qiang , Liu Feng
Published: August 2011

H-beam wedge heads are traditionally cut by manual operation. Considering the complex operation, high labor intensity and poor quality of the manual operation, a dimensional variable groove cutting machine of CNC H-beam wedge head is developed in the research, which concerns mechanical components and numerical systems. The mechanical structure are introduced first, especially gradeless piercing gas line. In the CNC system, based on minimum deviation method, a real-time interpolation algorithm is adopted and successfully applied. The human-computer interface of CNC system is also represented. Some machinable typical work pieces are illustrated also
The Scenario and Development of Industrial Design Educational Program
Authors: Zhu Shi Fan , Shang Zhen , Liu Qin Hui
Published: August 2011

Industrial design is of a great importance for the new economy. The design education scenario is focused in a local region; with the questionnaire survey method is applied. The main issues discussed are concern about the course schema, the quality of staff, the teaching conditions, the international exchanges activities and the future professional career. The causes for existing problems are analyzed based on the data obtained, and general suggestions are proposed also.
Establishment of Remanufacturing Index for Locally Manufactured Automotive Components
Authors: Iberahim Fathiyyah , Abd Wahab Dzuraidah , Mohd Nopiah Zulkifli , Abdullah Shahrum
Published: August 2011

Remanufacturing is aimed at restoring used automotive components to their new condition with the same function. In order to facilitate remanufacturing, it is important for the industry to ascertain remanufacturability of potential automotive components in the form of quantitative metrics or index. This knowledge is essential for decision making and planning for recovery activities of the end-of-life components. Knowledge on remanufacturability at the design and development stages is also vital so that products can be designed with a high remanufacturability index. This paper reports a study that focuses on the assessment of remanufacturability of locally manufactured automotive components from the aspects of design and process attributes, criteria and their relative weights. The proposed remanufacturing index is expected to assist manufacturers in designing for remanufacturing and implementation of their recovery strategy.
The Investigation of Prediction Surface Roughness from Machining Forces in End Milling Processes
Authors: Abbas Jabbar , Al-Habaibeh Amin , Su Dai Zhong
Published: August 2011

Surface roughness is one of the most significant parameters to determine quality of machined parts. Surface roughness is defined as a group of irregular waves in the surface, measured in micrometers (μm). Many investigations have been performed to verify the relationship between surface roughness and cutting parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut. To predict the surface produced by end milling, surface roughness models have been developed in this paper using the machining forces by assuming the end mill cutter as a cantilever beam rigidly or semi- rigidly supported by tool holder. An Aluminium workpiece and solid carbide end mill tools are used in this work. Model to predict surface roughness has been developed. Close relationship between machined surface roughness and roughness predicted using the measured forces signals.
High-Speed Grinding for Superalloy
Authors: Feng B.F. , Gai Quan Fang , Lei Zheng , Su Z.L.
Published: August 2011

An investigation is reported on high-speed single-grain grinding for superalloy. The grooves’ morphology and area removal ratio, grinding force ratio, specific grinding force, and friction coefficient are studied. The area removal rate η increases with the grinding section area increasing. The plowing decreases with the grinding section area and grinding speed increase. Surface integrity can be improved under high speed and deep grinding. It is proved by experiments that the single-grain grinding friction coefficient decreases with the grinding speed increasing.
The Study of Wear Flat Effect on the Single Grain Micro-Cutting Performance in Superabrasive Grinding from a Simulation Perspective
Authors: Li Xue Kun , Yan Lan , Yi M.J. , Rong Y.M.
Published: August 2011

Grain-workpiece interface, which resembles a micro-cutting process, directly modifies the workpiece surface and dominates all the output measures of a grinding process. The abrasive grains always become worn or dulled during grinding, which alters the grain-workpiece interface output and turns to be the primary factor that causes the transient or time dependent behavior in monolayer superabrasive grinding. Therefore, the study on how the grain wear influences the grain-workpiece interaction through micro-cutting analysis becomes necessary. As the emergence of the packaged FEM software for micro-cutting simulation, apart from single grit cutting test, it enables another qualitative and quantitative investigation method on grain-workpiece interface mechanism in an efficiency and effective manner. Based on previous efficacy verification of Third Wave AdvantEdgeTM, the FEM simulation is carried out to investigate the effect of grain wear on its micro-cutting performance. The simulation results provide an illustrative manner to interpret the phenomenon and mechanism, and the results can be used in the grinding process modeling in the future as well.
Experimental Study on Microstructure Evolution in AISI D2 Steel Surface Grinding
Authors: Yan L. , Jiang Feng , Rong Y.M.
Published: August 2011

The microstructure evolution of ground subsurface in AISI D2 steel surface grinding was investigated in this study. The effect of grinding parameters and grain size of wheels on white layer formation was presented. The surface integrity parameters of microstructure and microhardness were measured and analyzed. It was found that the white layer and dark layer may occur more easily when using finer grain size of wheel and white layer and dark layer may occur with the increase of grinding parameters, such as wheel rotation speed, workpiece speed and depth of cut.
Comparative Study on the Tribological Performance of HFCVD Diamond and DLC Films under Water Lubricating Condition
Authors: Shen Bin , Sun Fang Hong , Zhang Zhi Ming
Published: August 2011

The tribological performance of conventional microcrystalline diamond (MCD) film and diamond-like carbon (DLC) film is investigated comparatively under water lubricating condition. The MCD and DLC film are deposited on cobalt cemented tungsten carbide (WC-Co) substrate using the hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) method and the vacuum arc discharge with a graphite cathode respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), white light interferometer, and Raman spectra are employed to characterize as-deposited MCD and DLC samples. The friction tests are carried out on a ball-on-plate reciprocating friction tester, where the sliding process is conducted under water lubricating condition. Silicon nitride, tungsten carbide, ball-bearing steel and copper are used as counterpart materials. The results indicate that DLC film always exhibits lower friction coefficient than MCD film under water lubricating condition, except the case of sliding against the silicon nitride, in which DLC film is worn out very rapidly and thus leads to the high friction coefficient. The wear resistance of DLC film under water lubricating condition is significantly poorer than that of MCD film. While sliding against silicon nitride, tungsten carbide, ball-bearing steel and copper, its wear rate is calculated as 3.67´10-7mm3N-1m-1, 9.31´10-9mm3N-1m-1, 3.54´10-7mm3N-1m-1, and 4.97´10-8mm3N-1m-1respectively. Comparatively, no measurable wear track can be found on the worn surface of MCD films.
Development of a Multiple Micro Diamond Wheel-Tools
Authors: Chen Shun Tong , Lai Y.C.
Published: August 2011

This study presents a novel and economical compound technique that combines co-deposition with micro w-EDM for precisely developing a multiple micro diamond wheel-tools. The wheel-blank is made of diamond grit of 0-2 µm grade by electrochemical technique, in which employs a designed micro tank with ideal convection and mini porous carrier. Using a pore size of 5-10-µm in the porous carrier, a suitable interval chip-pocket of 2-3 µm on wheel-blank can generate naturally. Formation of the multiple wheel-tools is carried out via the processes of slicing, thinning and dressing simultaneously to become grinding edges array. A circuit of resistance capacitance, which provides a very short pulse and high peak, is employed as the electrical discharge power to help in achieving a very shallow and narrow discharge cavity. The thickness of each grinding edge can be machined down to 10-µm. The experimental result shows that the proposed technique is an effective method to fabricate precision micro diamond wheel-tools.
Manufacturing and Experimental Research of Fine Grain Diamond Grinding Wheel Based on Magnetic Field Controlling
Authors: Yin Shao Hui , Wang M. , Yu Jian Wu , Chen Feng Jun , Wang Yu
Published: August 2011

Based on the magnetic field controlling principle, a new manufacturing method and experimental research of fine grain diamond grinding wheel were introduced. The magnetic particles could form spatial chain structures under magnetic field which can make abrasives distributed uniformly within the mold. Therefore, small surface roughness can be obtained when grinding. The manufacturing and dressing of fine grain diamond grinding wheel based on magnetic field controlling (acronym FGDWMC) were introduced. The comparison grinding tests between the magnetic field controlling and nonmagnetic field controlling of wheels were studied. The grinding experiment result showed that the surface roughness was better after being machined by FGDWMC, and it was improved by about 20nm.
Investigation of Interface Microstructure of Diamond and Ti Coated Diamond Brazed with Cu-Sn-Ti Alloy
Authors: Chen Yan , Su Hong Hua , Fu Yu Can , Guo Z.C.
Published: August 2011

Cu-Sn-Ti brazing alloys are gaining importance as active brazing alloys for brazing diamond tools. The microstructure at the interface between diamond or Ti-coated diamond grits and Cu-Sn-Ti brazing alloy and bonding strength have been investigated in this paper. The results show that TiC layer forms between diamond and alloy matrix during the brazing process and Sn- and Ti-based intermetallic phase forms between TiC and the bonding matrix. And compound SnTi3forms between the Ti-coated diamond grits and Cu-Sn-Ti brazing alloy. Furthermore, the bonding strength between Ti-coated diamond grits and brazing alloy is higher than that between diamond grits and brazing alloy.
Simulation of Grinding Wheel with Random Three-Dimensional Abrasive and Microporous Bond
Authors: Zhang J.Q. , Guan Peng , Su Chong , Yu T.B. , Wang Wan Shan
Published: August 2011

Be different from traditional simulation modeling method, in this paper, a random shape and distribution polyhedrons abrasive modeling method has been developed which simulation model is similar to the grinding wheel surface topography. Imitated the industrial process of abrasive production cutting, the characteristics of random distribution in the space and anisotropic of the abrasive particle shape on grinding wheel surface was also considered. A random geometry abrasive solid simulation model was developed which used random segmentation plane. Simulation modeling of grinding wheel in the past often overlooked component accounts for a large volume of wheel porous factors. Therefore, this article considered the random shape and position of the distribution of the abrasive and porous in grinding wheel bond of the simulation model, a random abrasive shape and porous distribute model was founded. It provides a meaningful model for the depth study of three-dimensional grinding simulation technology. Finally, grinding simulation results verified the reliability of the model.
Performance of Monolayer Brazed CBN Wheels Manufactured with Rare Earth Lanthanum Modified Ag-Cu-Ti Filler
Authors: Yang C.Y. , Xu Jiu Hua , Ding W.F. , Fu Y.C. , Su H.H.
Published: August 2011

The grinding experiments on titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V are conducted with monolayer brazed CBN wheels which are manufactured with rare earth Lanthanum modified Ag-Cu-Ti filler. Grinding force and temperature are measured as well as the topography of wheel surface. Brazed CBN wheels fabricated with Ag-Cu-Ti filler are used for comparison. The results indicate that Lanthanum restrains spread of filler, and keeps the integrity of cutting edges, which increased the sharpness, reduced the grinding force and temperature. Meanwhile, the compounds on the surface of CBN grits are finer and compacter with the addition of Lanthanum, which improves the bonding strength of joint between filler and CBN grits. Lanthanum improves the performance of the brazed CBN wheels while grinding Ti-6Al-4V.
Surface Characterization of Silicon Wafers Polished by Three Different Methods
Authors: Hu Guang Qiu , Lu Jing , Shen Jian Yun , Xu Xi Peng
Published: August 2011

The surface roughness and surface morphology of silicon wafers polished by three different polishing methods were analyzed in this paper. A polishing pad was prepared by means of sol-gel technology as semi-fixed abrasive tool. An electroplated polishing pad was chosen as fixed abrasive tool. And a polishing cloth was chosen as free abrasive tool. The results showed that the surface of silicon wafer polished by the sol-gel polishing pad was superior to the other two. It was easy to get mirror effect with few scratches while the free abrasive and fixed abrasive got lots of scratches on 23silicon wafers. The surface roughness of silicon wafer polished by the sol-gel polishing pad reached 1.41nm measured by atomic force microscope (AFM).
Study on Compound Machining of Polyurethane Polishing Pad and Cluster Abrasive Brush Based on MR Effect
Authors: Li Min , Yan Qiu Sheng , Lu Jia Bin , Chai Jing Fu
Published: August 2011

Method of compound machining is used to process single crystal silicon and SrTiO3 ceramic substrates, and the factors on effects of compound machining are studied such as magnetic field intensity, processing time, rotating speed of lapping plate and lapping pressure. The results show that the roughness of work pieces processed by compound machining are smaller than that by lapping based on cluster MR effect and polyurethane pad polishing process, while the material removal rate is higher than polyurethane pad polishing process, therefore, compound machining shows its synergistic effect between lapping based on cluster MR effect and polyurethane pad polishing process. The type and properties of workpiece material, and machining parameters both have a significant impact on the roughness and material removal rate of compound machining process of polyurethane polishing pad and cluster abrasive brush based on MR effect.
Theoretic and Experimental Study on the Accuracy of Gears by Generative Electrochemical Mechanical Finishing
Authors: Pang Gui Bing , Li D.M. , Xu Wen Ji , Adayi X. , Yang L. , Zhou J.J.
Published: August 2011

Gears’ accuracy has important influences on its working performance and life. Electrochemical mechanical finishing (ECMF) was applied to finish cylindrical gears. The influence of the generative type of ECMF was studied theoretically and experimentally on the shape of gear teeth, and on the dimensional accuracy between teeth, and that in the tooth thickness direction. The results indicate that the generative type of ECMF can improve the accuracy between teeth, as well, the dimensional accuracy of gear tooth and that in the thickness direction may be also improved.
Development of a New Magnetic-Electrochemical Compound Polishing Tool
Authors: Shi Li Min , Yong Jiang Niu , Liu J. , Liu Er Liang
Published: August 2011

Added a magnetic field whose direction is parallel to the electrical field’s directions, the charged particles between two electrodes can move in spirals in magnetic-electrochemical compound polishing, and then the condition of chemical reaction is improved. The efficiency and quality of polishing can be promoted consequently. If the direction of magnetic field is changed alternative, the effect of polishing can be improved more clearly. In the paper, a new magnetic-electrochemical compound polishing tool is developed. The tool can be fixed on spindle of CNC easily. The tool is flexible, so it can make the polishing head and workpiece touch evenly each other. Because the head of magnetic-electrochemical compound polishing tool is a series, the head can be replaced conveniently according to different surface. Particularly, the tool can set a magnetic field whose direction is parallel to the electrical field’s direction. The tool can change strength of the magnetic field easily. At last, the tool is tested and its function is perfect.
Material Fracture Character of Marble Processing by Single Diamond Tools
Authors: Hu Shan Shan , Wang Cheng Yong , Hu Ying Ning , Pan C.B. , Lu X.Q.
Published: August 2011

Material fracture character of marble processing by single diamond tools was studied by single diamond indentation experiment and fast milling experiment. The surface morphology and inner cracks were achieved based on double lights transmission of stereomicroscope, marble semitransparent character and SEM technology. Results showed Indentation cracks break crystal or extend along cleavage plane from three directions. The marble indentation fracture progress could be divided into three phases: plastic deformation, fracture deformation and block broken. Material broken types were diverse for different compositions in marble.
Investigation of High Performance Diamond Brazed Saw for Cutting AZ31 Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Ma Bo Jiang , Cai X. , Li L.A.
Published: August 2011

The high performance diamond brazed saw was developed to cut efficiently AZ31 Magnesium Alloy. The Ti-coated diamond and the uncoated diamond were brazed with NiCr alloy by high-frequency induction under argon atmosphere at 1040°C within 20 seconds. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to investigate the interfacial microstructures between brazed diamond and the filler alloy. The results show that Cr-carbides forms normally and compactly on the surface of Ti-coated diamond brazed, whereas Cr-carbide forms tangentially and loosely on the surface of uncoated diamond brazed. That is because Ti has changed the mechanism of Cr-carbides formed on the surface of diamond brazed. The test of cutting AZ31 magnesium alloy plate shows that the section cut by Ti-coated diamond saw is much smoother than that cut by uncoated diamond saw after a long time.
The Effects of Machining Parameters on the Position of Resultant Force in Sawing of Granite
Authors: Fang Cong Fu , Xu Xi Peng
Published: August 2011

The effects of the machining parameters on the relative position of the resultant force were analyzed in circular sawing of granite with a diamond segmented blade. The horizontal and vertical force components and the power were measured. Calculated tangential and normal force components were subsequently used to calculate the relative position of resultant force besides the horizontal and vertical force components. It was found that the value of the relative position of resultant force in down sawing is less than that in up sawing. The shift of sawing swarf has heavy influence on the relative position of resultant force.
Study on the Wear Topography of Diamond Endless Wire Saw when Cutting Granite
Authors: Gao Wei , Zhang J.T. , Duan J.Y.
Published: August 2011

In this paper, the fall off and wear of electroplated endless diamond wire saws were studied when cutting granite. The self-made electroplating diamond wire saw was adapted in the experiment. Diamond particle size used was 200-230 US mesh. A kind of granite named Shi Daohong 375-2 with 18mm thickness was sawed. The test piece was sawed with constant cutting speed and feeding pressure. The topographies of wear, breakage and fall off of diamond grains were observed by using scanning electron microscopy. It was showed by the research that the damage of diamond grains appeared three forms including polishing wear and partial breakage and whole breakage. The fall off of diamond grain could be divided into two kinds of partial fall off and whole fall off during the cutting process. At the beginning cutting period, the wear of diamond grain mainly was polishing wear and partial breakage and with the extension of cutting time, the diamond grains would take place whole breakage and fall off.
Research on Finite Element Simulation and Experiment of Temperature Field in Surface Cutting Used a New PDC Cutter
Authors: Deng Zhao Hui , Pan Zhan , Wu Qiao Ping , Zhang G.F. , Zhang B.
Published: August 2011

A new polycrystalline diamond compacts (PDC) cutter was designed and prepared. The new PDC cutter has fibers that are artificially ordered so as to have the desired geometric angles, and it has a larger number of the cutting edges, enough space for holding chips and interrupted cutting so that it is easier to release heat. According to machining properties of materials and working conditions, on the basis of the theory of thermal equilibrium of moving thermal source, the paper established the mathematical model of temperature field of interrupted cutting used the PDC cutter through reasonable hypothesis. Simulations were performed for the temperature distribution in the tool-work interface and inside the Al2O3 ceramic specimen using finite element method. And experiment of surface temperature of Al2O3 ceramic interrupted cutting used the PDC cutter was carried out. The validation and capability of the finite element model were demonstrated by a satisfying agreement between the finite element simulation results and experimental ones.
Drilling C/E Composites with Electroplated Diamond Abrasive Tool and its Damage Evaluation Method
Authors: Wen Quan , Gao Hang , Zhao D. , Guo Dong Ming
Published: August 2011

Carbon/epoxy (C/E) composites have been widely used in aerospace and automotive industry. However, they are prone to appear damages such as burr, spalling, delamination during drilling process. This paper presents an electroplated diamond abrasive drilling (EDAD) technology to reduce these damages. With this technology, C/E composites are removed by the action of the motion of small diamond particles attached to a core drill body. In order to represent the drilling damages, a new evaluation method is proposed taking comprehensive consideration of burr, spalling and delamination. The method is verified by analyzing the damages of drilled holes. Results indicate that the evaluation method proposed in this paper is applicable to characterize the level of drilling damages reasonably and effectively.
Mechanism Analysis of High Efficiency Axial Turn-Grinding of Engineering Ceramics
Authors: Tian Xin Li , Guo Fang , Mao Ya Tao , Zhang Bao Guo , Wang Jian Quan , Zhang Shu
Published: August 2011

Axial turn-grinding is a method to cut the cylindrical work piece along its axis, using the kinetic energy of high-speed rotation annularity tool, the abrasives in tool tip as the main cutting edge to remove materials and the abrasives in the inside or outside surface of tool as a minor cutting edge to sharpen the processed surface. Through analysis the simplified model, a slightly stress concentration was found at the junction surface of processed surface and machined surface, which had little damage to the workpiece because of happening in the part to be removed or precision machining allowance, and both cracks propagation caused by material rupture were effective removal after material removal mechanism analysis because the extension of the median/radial crack and lateral crack were both happening in the part to be removed.
Study on Bit Body Materials Made of Tungsten Carbide and Steel Shot
Authors: Peng J.L. , Duan Long Chen , Shi Hao , Xu Shao Lin
Published: August 2011

This paper introduces a new kind of diamond bit body material. The characteristics of this material are as follows: the outer bit body cast with tungsten-carbide and the inside is steel shot. So the bit body has got high wear resistance on the outside and good mechanical properties inside at the same time. The mechanical properties inside and the wear resistance outside of the bit were tested. The paper also introduces how to apply a film of mixture of glue-included tungsten-carbide on the surface of the bit mold and graphite stick. The improvements of mechanical properties inside and maintenance of wear resistance outside have made much choice to design wider and deeper junk slots. Thus the performance of bit has been improved.
3D Noise Generation and Removal of Measured Grinding Wheel Topography Using a White Light Interferometer
Authors: Xie J. , Zhang F. , Xie H.F.
Published: August 2011

In order to precisely measure grain protrusion topography of diamond grinding wheel, the measured noises should be removal, but it has not been clear how these noises are produced. Hence, a white light interferometer was employed to measure the SD60 grinding wheel surface. The objective is to evaluate the grain protrusion parameters. It is shown that the noise generation is related to the orientation of measured point. The noise occurs as its vector angle is less than 45°. Moreover, the grain protrusion topography may be displayed though noise removal, noise-data restructure and grain contour protection. The grain protrusion height, bond-tail height, rake angle and clearance angle are averagely 108.2 μm, 49.1 μm, -68.6º and 26.4º, respectively.
The Identification of Amplitude and Phase in Imbalance Mass of Grinding Wheel
Authors: Yuan Suo Xian , Guan Z.L.
Published: August 2011

Vibration signal produced by imbalance of grinding wheel is a periodic signal that has a same frequency with rotational speed. To identify the signal accurately is premise of balance for grinding wheel. This paper introduces the composition and basic concept of vibration signal in grinding wheel and further studies how to identify process and calculate about this vibration signal. It will provide theory evidence for grinding wheel’s dynamic balance.
Spherical Head Surface Roughness Analysis and Experimental Research Based on the Abrasive Belt Grinding
Authors: Zhang Y. , Huang Yun , Huang Zhi
Published: August 2011

Surface roughness is one of the most important parameters in grinding, which directly affects the quality of the processed surface and has quite a lot of effect on the shape and position accuracy, installation accuracy of the workpiece. In the grinding process, the surface roughness is formatted from the abrasive which effects on the surface of spherical head, and is the result of mutual interference between abrasive and spherical head. Many factors affect the surface roughness, such as the shape and size of contact roller, abrasive morphology, grinding method, the stiffness of machine tool and workpiece, abrasive wear and vibration in the machining process. All of these have an impact grinding surface roughness. In this paper, analyzed the belt speed, workpiece speed, abrasive size, workpiece diameter, sand-planting density on the surface roughness of spherical head in experimental. And the effect trend of factors on surface roughness of workpiece was analyzed. Some valuable information was provided for selecting suitable parameter in spherical head grinding.
Finite Element Analysis of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Crater Geometry for EDM Based on a Single Discharge
Authors: Wang Yan , Xu Jiu Hua , Gao Feng
Published: August 2011

Temperature theoretical model of Ti-6Al-4Valloy during electrical discharge machining (EDM) process is established in this paper. Based on finite element thermal analysis, the temperature field of EDM Ti-6Al-4V on a single discharge is simulated with the aid of ANSYS software. The results show that there is a high temperature distribution around the spark point while the thermal-affected zone is quite small. Additionally, the profiles of discharge crater geometry have been predicted and the relation between crater shape and parameters under different current and pulse duration are also explored.
Experimental Study of the Relationship between Tool Rod Parameters and Vibration Parameterson Ultrasonic Grinding (Wheel Vibration)
Authors: Li Zhang Dong , Zhao Bo
Published: August 2011

This paper proposes to use a method of ultrasonic milling on the composite materials processing, we mainly studies the effect of the length of the tool rod, tool rod diameter on the acoustic resonant frequency, amplitude, to ensure processing quality and improving the tool's vibration effect.
Research on Surface Roughness of Nano-Composite Ceramics under Multi-Frequency Ultrasonic Grinding and Dressing
Authors: Xue Jin Xue , Zhao Bo
Published: August 2011

The surface roughness of nano-composite ceramics machined by means of multi-frequency ultrasonic vibration grinding was investigated with the diamond grinding wheel dressed by elliptical vibration. The results indicate that the surface roughness is influenced by ultrasonic vibration frequency, feeding speed, grinding depth. The ultrasonic vibration frequency and the grinding depth are not the higher the better and there are suitable values. The surface roughness gets worse with the increase of feeding speed.
Research on Surface Residual Stress of Nano-Composite Ceramics under Multi-Frequency Ultrasonic Grinding and Dressing
Authors: Zhao Bo , Xue Jin Xue , Zhao M.L.
Published: August 2011

The surface residual stress of nano-composite ceramics prepared by mixed coherence system and machined both in ordinary grinding(OG) and ultrasonic vibration grinding(TDUVG) respectively were described. Researches showed that the characteristics of residual stress on ceramic surface is affected by grinding load, ultrasonic vibration frequency and released stress induced by generation of cracks whose magnitude is affected by material removal mechanism. Whether in ordinary grinding or ultrasonic grinding, tangential residual stress (TRS) in X direction is tensile stress, and in Y direction is compressive stress. The surface residual tensile stress in ordinary grinding is larger than that in ultrasonic grinding with the same grinding conditions. The influences of multi-frequency on the residual stress are studied.
Study on Jet Formation and Modeling for High Pressure Abrasive Water-Jet
Authors: Liu Zeng Wen , Huang Chuan Zhen , Zhu H.T. , Liu H.L. , Zou B.
Published: August 2011

High pressure abrasive water jet (HPAWJ) machining has many advantages in hard brittle material processing. In this paper, the hole formation on stone by HPAWJ is analyzed based on brittle and plastic fracture theories. The formation and construction of jet are studied. The distribution of jet velocity, abrasives and energy in the jet-beam section of HPAWJ is analyzed. It is shown that the cross-section of the hole is characterized by a ‘Reverse-bell’ shape on stones by a HPAWJ. The jet velocity of HPAWJ gets lower from jet center to jet margin and it’s distribution is consistent with normal distribution function along with jet center. The concentration of abrasives becomes smaller from jet margin to jet center and it’s distribution is consistent with normal distribution function along with jet margin. The distribution of jet velocity, abrasives and energy in the section of HPAWJ is modeled.
Analysis of Ultrasonic System in Acoustic Levitation Polishing
Authors: Wang Wei Fang , Gao Peng Fei , Wen Dong Hui
Published: August 2011

In order to obtain a stable acoustic suspension field, it is essential to select a system of ultrasonic. This paper through Theoretical analysis of a system of ultrasonic, combine the condition of acoustic levitation polishing, to select the ultrasonic generator, ultrasonic transducer and the horn, to provides a good base for obtain a stable acoustic suspension field.
Study on Residual Stress Distribution in Surface Grinding
Authors: Wang Gui Cheng , Hua Chong Lue , Liu Ju Dong , Pei Hong Jie , Liu Gang
Published: August 2011

The grinding process is currently used for most of the parts requiring good precision. However, the apparition of some damage related to this process is still uncontrolled. The major deterioration is from residual stress. In order to investigate the residual stresses caused by mechanical plastic deformation, thermal plastic deformation and phase transformation in ground components, a feasible numerical method was developed to accommodate appropriately thermal stress and phase transformation in a workpiece experiencing critical temperature variation during grinding. The change of the material properties was modeled as function of temperature history. The wheel velocityVsis a key factor in determining the distribution of residual stress; both the surface residual stress and the depth of residual stress are induced with the increase of the wheel speed.
Numerical Investigation into Spindle System Stiffness of High-Speed Grinder
Authors: Li Chang He , Mao Wei Ping , Ding Yu Cheng
Published: August 2011

This study was focused on the theoretical modeling and numerical investigation about the dynamic and static stiffness of spindle system of high speed grinder. The moment balance and the transition matrix, the state vector, field matrix of spindle system of high speed grinder were analyzed and deduced. The theoretical models about dynamic and static stiffness were established using the transfer matrix method. The numerical results showed that increas of the preload could result in the improvement of static stiffness of spindle end within the range of its working speed; the reduction of front overhang length would improve the stiffness of spindle end, as well as the dynamic stiffness of spindle at the working speed; the stiffness of spindle end decreased with the increase of speed with different bearing spans within the range of working speed of spindle.
Finite Element Analysis on Dynamic Characteristics of Hybrid Bearing Spindle System
Authors: Guan P. , Li M. , Li B.C. , Yu Tian Biao , Wang Wan Shan
Published: August 2011

Due to having the features of high accuracy, high stiffness, high load capacity and longer service life, the hybrid bearing spindle system is widely used in grinding. This paper presents an analysis method of hybrid bearing spindle dynamic characteristics. The method uses CFD method to solve the oil film pressure field, instead of Reynolds equation, in order to obtain the oil film stiffness and damping. With the obtained oil film stiffness and damping to build the appropriate constraints, 3D finite element model of the hybrid bearing spindle system is established, and the modal analysis of the spindle system is carried out. Compared the analysis results with the theoretical calculation results, the feasibility and correction of the method are proved.
Experimental Investigation of White Layer in Grinding of AISI 52100 Annealed Steel
Authors: Huang Xiang Ming , Zhou Z.X. , Li W.
Published: August 2011

Ground white layer is caused primarily by grinding temperature induced phase transformation. So, it may form when grinding temperature exceeds the nominal phase transformation temperature. However, no attempt is made to investigate mechanical effect on formation of white layer. In this study, grinding temperature is measured by using thermocouple technique in grinding of AISI 52100 annealed steel. The specimens are investigated by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS), micro hardness tester and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The microstructure and formation mechanism of white layer are analyzed. Ground whiter layer is confirmed to be composed of fine-grained cryptocrystalline martensite and retained austenite. High hardness of white layer is caused by transformation hardening through fine grain and high dislocation density due to severe deformation. White layer can form at temperatures below the nominal austenitization temperature of the material. Plastic deformation is also important in white layer formation during grinding process. High pressure on grinding surface exists under severe deformation. Phase temperature can be reduced due to high pressure; while crystal grain can be refined by plastic deformation. Oxidation and carburizing phenomenon exist during formation of white layer.
The Grinding Temperature of Alumina Ceramic in High Speed Deep Grinding (HSDG)
Authors: Xie G.Z. , Sheng Xiao Min , Jin Tan , Shang Zhen Tao , Wu Y.
Published: August 2011

The grinding temperature in wheel-workpiece contact zone in HSDG of alumina ceramic was measured using the grindable K type thermocouple. Effects of the grinding conditions, including wheel velocity, feed rate and depth of cut, on the temperature were investigated. The results indicate that the grinding temperatures measured under different grinding conditions varied from 100 to 300 °C. The grinding zone temperature exhibits a reasonably linear relationship with the average energy flux, i.e. the higher the energy flux, the higher the corresponding grinding zone temperature will be.
About the Importance of Simulation Tools in the Learning Process of Metal Forming and Moulding
Authors: Plaza Soraya , Ortega N. , Celaya Ainhoa , Sánchez Jose Antonio , López de Lacalle Luis Norberto , Izquierdo Borja
Published: August 2011

The European Higher Education Area has entailed some upheaval since it has involved deep changes in university education. Among the subjects taught in technical education such as Manufacturing Technologies, which involve strong experimental contents, the use of specific tools is helpful for better understanding of such subjects. This article highlights the need for the use of simulation tools in the field of manufacturing processes. The student may achieve optimal understanding and learning from them. They can understand, in a more visual way, complex phenomena that govern different processes and the influence of key variables. Applications related to sheet metal forming, forging and casting processes are presented. The main objective is to enable students to better understand the phenomena that govern the processes of moulding and forming, with the invaluable help of simulation software. The final aim is to ensure that the student reaches an optimum knowledge of moulding and forming processes using simulation software.
Using Virtual Reality in the Teaching of Manufacturing Processes with Material Removal in CNC Machine-Tools
Authors: Sanz Alfredo , González Ignaciof , Castejón Agustin Javier , Casado Jose Leopoldo
Published: August 2011

This paper presents a methodology for the incorporation of a Virtual Reality development applied to the teaching of manufacturing processes, namely the group of machining processes in numerical control of machine tools. The paper shows how it is possible to supplement the teaching practice through virtual machine-tools whose operation is similar to the 'real' machines while eliminating the risks of use for both users and the machines.
Virtual Machining Applied to the Teaching of Manufacturing Technology
Authors: García Plaza Eustaquio , Núñez López Pedro Jose , Martín Angel Ramon , Beamud E.
Published: August 2011

Teaching methodology for industrial engineering must adapt and update its pedagogy by adopting innovative and dynamic approaches to training in state-of-the-art manufacturing technology. The development of virtual reality and computer simulation software has significantly improved the quality of education by raising learner motivation, commitment, and participation in the learning process. In university contexts characterised by large numbers of students, a hands-on approach to training in machine-tool operation on lathes and mills is unfeasible. Hence, the teaching methodology proposed involves the use of machine-tool simulators to undertake practical tasks in a virtual learning environment. The learning tasks focus on the main machine-tool components and their movements as well as on the principles and operations of machining in turning and milling processes performed on virtual machine where learners can acquire skills similar to those using traditional methodology, but require fewer resources and learning time spans.
Experimental Introduction to Forced and Self-Excited Vibrations in Milling Processes and Identification of Stability Lobes Diagrams
Authors: Quintana Guillem , de Ciurana Joaquim , Teixidor Daniel , Ferrer I.
Published: August 2011

In milling operations, cutting edge impacts due to the interaction between the cutter and the workpiece excite vibrations. It is possible to distinguish between free, forced and self-excited vibrations. Chatter is a self-excited vibration that can occur in machining processes, and is considered to be a common limitation of productivity and quality. Stability lobes diagrams (SLDs) show the frontier between chatter-free milling operations, i.e. stable dominated by forced vibrations, and operations with chatter, i.e. unstable. These diagrams are usually obtained from impact hammer testing. However, this method requires trained personnel with advanced knowledge and it is not easily applied in engineering studies or operator training. This paper presents an experimental method that allows engineering students and operators-in-training to observe the chatter phenomenon and to distinguish between forced and chatter vibrations and identify process stability diagrams.
‘Glass Machines’: a Dual Approach for the Machine Tool Study
Authors: Campa Francisco Javier , López de Lacalle Luis Norberto , Lamikiz Aitzol
Published: August 2011

Ever increasingly, universities have to face the demands of their students regarding tools and methods to complete their education in preparation for the industrial environment. On the other hand, the university has to meet a Research and Development function oriented to the improvement of the competitiveness of that environment. These are two different functions that the university must unite to offer an optimum service. Hence, the university needs tools that can meet this dual function: teaching and researching. This paper proposes the concept of a “Glass Machine” as a dual purpose approach based on the adaptation of machine tools to satisfy that dual function. This concept has been applied to a machine tool by means of two machines: a turn-milling centre and a feed-drive test bench, which have been used for practices in the subjects of 4th and 5th year of Industrial Engineering, allowing at the same time the usual research activity of the High Performance Machining Team. In short, this work is about the optimization of the available resources of the university, thus satisfying the needs of the students and the industrial environment.
Implementation of “Research Works Based Learning” to the Manufacturing with Material Removal’s Teaching Process
Authors: Batista Moisés , Sánchez-Carrilero Manuel , Sánchez Jose Antonio , Salguero Jorge , Álvarez Miguel , Gómez Alvaro , Marcos Bárcena Mariano
Published: August 2011

Project Based Learning techniques have given rise to other learning techniques as Research Works Based Learning (RWBL). This technique is especially interested in the teching-learning process of Materials Processing Technologies related disciplines. This work reports on the results of the application of RWBL techniques in a subject of the Cadiz University’s Master in Manufacturing Engineering: Engineering of Non-Conventional Materials Removing Processes. Proposed research works have been designed on the basis of a classic research paper structure: Introduction, State of the Art, Experimental Procedure, Results, Discussion and Conclusions. These proposed works were focused on a comparative analysis of different machining processes, mainly, electro-discharge machining, abrasive waterjet machining and high speed machining. This experience can be considered highly successful because the 100% of the students reached the learning objectives of the subject.
Learning Strategies for Deep-Drawing Processes in the European Higher Education Area Context
Authors: Miguel-Eguía Valentin , Coello Juana , Martínez Alberto , Manjabacas M. Carmen , Calatayud Antonio
Published: August 2011

A traditional educational strategy for teaching sheet stamping processes consists in theoretical planning. Having experimental media available to conduct stamping processes in university teaching laboratories is not that usual. In this work Problem Based Learning is carried out. Students must evaluate some data from deep-drawing experiences that have been previously done by the teaching team. The innovation proposal starts with deep-drawing experimental demonstrations performed by an experimental device that has been designed in the laboratory for researching and teaching aims. Processing the information that students acquire helps them to analyse the main deep-drawing technological fundamentals.
Strategy Games Applied to the Teaching of Plant Engineering
Authors: Salguero Jorge , Batista Moisés , Gómez Alvaro , Marcos Bárcena Mariano
Published: August 2011

The strategy games have been traditionally applied in the teaching of subjects related with “decisions making”, principally in the university studies related with the company. Nevertheless, the potential of this methodology makes also applicable to studies that lead to applicable practices in companies or factories, like happens with the technical educations. So, the present paper shows the methodology applied in the teaching of “Engineering Plant”, inside the Official Master of Manufacturing Engineering in the University of Cadiz, circumscribing it in a context of a material forming machine shop by chip removal. During the experience, distributions by process and by product have been simulated, determining the fictitious domain to pass from one to another. This was preceded by the determination of the. Finally, the discussion has driven to emphasize the importance of the reduction of dead-times due to the movements.