bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advocacy by environmental nonprofit organisations ‐ An optimal strategy for addressing environmental problems?
Authors: Handy Femida
Published: November 2002

Several policy alternatives exist to protect environmental quality. Environmental nonprofits advocating for better environmental quality must often choose what policies to advocate and support. This article argues that environmental nonprofits will do best by designing strategies of advocacy contingent on the net costs to the stakeholders and paying attention to the crowding‐out effects of monetary incentives. It investigates the advocacy policies of 50 environmental organizations in Canada. The findings of this survey show that although reduction of net costs is espoused, market‐based policies are not generally advocated, while a greater emphasis is put on regulatory approaches combined with moral suasion through the dissemination of information and educational programs.
Is it time to finally take DrKalecki’s rational planning medicine?
Authors: Potts Nick
Published: November 2002

Given the effective collapse of efforts to introduce the market economy in many former communist countries it is perhaps time to look beyond the recommendations of the pro‐market economics mainstream. This article seeks to clearly explain Dr Kalecki’s theory of growth under socialism and to fully explain his notion of perspective planning. It then considers why such rational planning failed to be implemented under Communism. Finally, after identifying the necessary political/social conditions for successful perspective planning, it contemplates whether Russia, or similar collapsing former communist countries, could actually successfully implement rational perspective planning today.
On Rugina’s system of thought
Authors: Smarandache Florentin
Published: November 2002

This article investigates Rugina’s orientation table and gives particular examples for several of its seven models. Leon Walras’s Economics of Stable Equilibrium and Keynes’s Economics of Disequilibrium are combined in Rugina’s orientation table in systems which are s percent stable and 100−s percent unstable, where s may be 100, 95, 65, 50, 35, 5, and 0. Classical logic and modern logic are united in Rugina’s integrated logic, and then generalized in neutrosophic logic.
Say goodbye to the CIO, welcome to the business prophet
Authors: Norton Institute Nolan
Published: November 2002

As part of its ongoing CIO Forum Series, the Nolan Norton Institute in Australia undertakes in‐depth interviews, discussions and research with senior IT management across the country. The preliminary findings from the research undertaken in Q3, 2000 are outlined here. These findings are the basis for larger research white papers put out by the Institute. The major findings from Q3 are focused on the new roles required in the face of e‐business. Research uncovered that e‐business is about business more than it is about technology. As a result, chief information officer (CIO) roles are different than they were; speed plays a greater role than ever before, while none of these changes allow a shedding of the “old” CIO responsibilities.
Mobile computer systems – security considerations
Authors: Badamas M.A.
Published: November 2002

The number of workers using computers away from the office is increasing, particularly for engineers, accountants, salesmen and consultants, and those called nomadic users. The increasing use necessitates the need for security considerations by the users and their supervisors. Companies’ sensitive data are usually available on the mobile computers. Therefore, serious consideration must be given to the security aspect of these mobile computers. Data security involves considering issues of integrity, availability and confidentiality. The type of organization, the acceptability of restrictions on the users, the risk involved and the cost of the security are some of the factors that need serious attention when discussing security for mobile computers. We propose minimum security measures taking into account the minimum security needs already identified. Various situations were examined to determine the appropriate measures applicable to each of them. Principal requirements for security solutions such as implementing software‐base access control at the beginning of the hard disk and the role of encryption were also discussed.
Towards a synthesis of the classical and quantum paradigms
Authors: Druhl Kai , Langstaff Janis , Monson Nancy
Published: November 2002

Presents a critical analysis of the “planned change” and “learning organization” approaches to organizational change, and their underlying classical and quantum paradigms. Drawing on a review of the corresponding paradigms in modern physics, concludes that both approaches are incomplete, as they fail to identify a common unifying basis for the organization. Identifies as a unifying basis the “subjective” aspect of the organization, which is accessible in the consciousness of its individual members; then locates a comprehensive framework for organizational change in the worldview of the ancient Vedic tradition of knowledge. The corresponding strategy for organizational development is based on the utilization of systematic, effective techniques for the development consciousness which have been introduced by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. Empirical research has shown these techniques to develop the mental, physiological and social capacities of the individual. It is predicted that this consciousness‐based strategy, applied in the organizational context, will simultaneously strengthen the alignment between the organization’s goals, the development of the individual and the needs of the environment.
Making the quantum leap
Authors: Fornaciari Charles J. , Lund Dean Kathy
Published: November 2002

The emerging research on spirituality, religion and work (SRW) poses concerns for all social scientists. Specifically, the paradigm currently employed for social scientific research, including measurement techniques, data analysis, and even accepted language, is inadequate for scholarship in the emerging inquiry stream. This paper discusses the current positivist model under which scholarly work derives legitimacy, and explores where the model fails to address the needs of SRW researchers from both conceptual and moral standpoints. Taking lessons from the natural sciences, we show how inquiry, modeling, and knowledge made critical leaps utilizing a post‐positivist creativity within a discipline that struggled with many of the same issues we currently face in the SRW research agenda. The paper concludes with implications for a new research methods paradigm and language that would better serve our understanding of the holistic human experience in organizations, including a discussion of the inherently moral underpinning of our work.
Learning through work: workplace affordances and individual engagement
Authors: Billett Stephen
Published: November 2002

Identifies factors that shape how learning proceeds in workplaces. Focuses on the dual bases of how workplaces afford opportunities for learning and how individuals elect to engage in work activities and with the guidance provided by the workplace. Together, these dual bases for participation (co‐participation) at work, and the relations between them, are central to understanding the kinds of learning that workplaces are able to provide and how improving the quality of that learning might proceed. The readiness of the workplace to afford opportunities for individuals to engage in work activities and access direct and indirect support is a key determinant of the quality of learning in workplaces. This readiness can promote individuals’ engagement. However, this engagement remains dependent on the degree by which individuals wish to engage purposefully in the workplace.
Occupational clusters as determinants of organisational learning in the product innovation process
Authors: Hyland Paul W. , Gieskes Jose F.B. , Sloan Terrence R.
Published: November 2002

The importance of innovation to the survival of organisations in a turbulent environment has led to greater emphasis on improving the innovation process. Where learning is captured and applied to existing and current innovation processes, the opportunity exists for improvement in innovation processes. Research has been undertaken with the objective of developing, testing and disseminating a methodology to facilitate product innovation. Presents an analysis of clusters of learning behaviours and identifies variations between different occupational clusters. Examines aspects of occupational culture and problems associated with examining organisations learning from a single perspective.
Closed‐loop, vision‐based control facilitates the fitting of sunroofs by robot
Authors: Kochan Anna
Published: November 2002

Describes a European project to develop vision‐based, closed‐loop robot control technology to facilitate assembly tasks in the automotive industry. Looks particularly at the problem of placing a sunroof on a car body accurately.
The European Framework Programme – past, present and future
Authors: Schofield Monica
Published: November 2002

Since 1984 the European Commission has funded research and technology development under a series of Framework Programmes which cover a four‐ to five‐year period and provide substantial opportunities for European collaboration for those subjects which fit current priorities. The mid‐point of Framework V has just been reached and with it a proposal has been put forward by the Commission for the next Framework Programme to cover the period 2002‐2006. This article provides a brief outline on the opportunities past, present and future, and concludes that perhaps many roboticists should lend their skills to the demands of managing CEC funded projects rather than to developing robots themselves, given that it would appear robots are no longer a priority research theme.
Environmental costing of sewage discharged by hotels in Hong Kong
Authors: Chan Wilco W. , Lam Joseph C.
Published: November 2002

Investigates the green cost attributable to water consumption in the hotel industry and accommodation operations in Hong Kong. An abatement cost approach plus a prorated model were used in the green costing. The study surveyed 20 hotels on the energy consumption in 1994‐1996 and performed green costing on the major water uses in hotels. Results indicate that green costs per room, attributable to water consumption in hotels range from HK$3.657 to HK$7.641. Implications for green reporting at property level and industry level are discussed, and recommendations are made for future research.
Euro vision? A strategic approach to currency changeover in the UK hospitality industry
Authors: Jenkins Andrew
Published: November 2002

Discusses the economic and monetary union and the euro; the UK and impacts of the euro; the UK public/business opinion and membership; and a suitable strategic approach to the currency. Presents a case study, summarizing the findings of a survey undertaken in May/June 2000, to ascertain the views of financial directors of UK hotel chains to the euro. Concludes that it would appear the UK hospitality industry is not adequately prepared for the euro and that in order for it to survive and prosper it must adopt to change.
Creating hospitality management educational programmes in developing countries
Authors: Jayawardena Chandana
Published: November 2002

In creating hospitality management educational programmes in developing countries, one may learn from the experience of developing countries to benchmark. However, the challenges and problems faced by hospitality educators in developing countries are often different from the experiences in developed countries. Therefore, identifying and analyzing current and future needs, trends and challenges of the hospitality industry of the respective country is essential to ensure success. This paper emphasizes the strategic approach required in such developmental processes. Educational programmes and hotel schools created and led by the researcher are referred to as “action learning” case studies.
The use of marketing research and intelligence in strategic planning: key issues and future trends
Authors: Tan Tsu Wee Thomas
Published: November 2002

Many large companies in Asia are turning to market intelligence for input into their strategic management system and decision making. Conventional marketing research is increasingly viewed as being too narrowly focused on tactical and operational issues. It is characterized by an overriding concern with data rather than analysed information and the research is often conducted in response to an apparent market threat or opportunity rather than on an ongoing basis. This paper attempts to highlight the role of the Internet for market intelligence purposes. It proposes and demonstrates the marketing intelligence process, techniques and procedures, as illustrated by a case study on Creative Technology. Believes that the intelligent use of the Internet is strategically beneficial for both marketing research and intelligence.
Comparing respondents of e‐mail and mail surveys: understanding the implications of technology
Authors: Ranchhod Ashok , Zhou Fan
Published: November 2002

The utilization of the Internet and Internet marketing for marketing research has received considerable attention. Although there is a growing body of research devoted to this issue little has been done to explore the impact of Internet technology, e‐mail users’ on‐line skills and experience, on their choice of the new survey medium. This study is based on a sample of 122 responses from UK marketing executives using e‐mail and mail questionnaire surveys respectively. The research instrument included measures of respondents’ extent of e‐mail use, their general knowledge of online communications and their time of using the Internet. Some significant impact of these factors has been identified. The empirical evidence supports the hypotheses that the use of e‐mail survey methods is positively connected with high technology awareness and extensive e‐mail use. The findings imply that proper survey planning and administration are important for Internet‐based marketing surveys and suggest the existence of certain user patterns among different Internet user populations.
Making sense of information: a new role for the marketing researcher?
Authors: Smith David , Culkin Nigel
Published: November 2002

Addresses the question of whether the information needs of those engaged in marketing management are being delivered satisfactorily by information providers. It is plainly evident that the use of the Internet and the intranet as global communication tools has risen exponentially over the past two years. However, a question remains as to whether this information is collected and presented in a form – at a level of specificity and depth – that makes for better decision taking. Today there is talk of the analyst – in this case the market researcher – requiring the skills of the “bricoleur”. This refers to the need in today’s world of multi‐source imperfect data of being able to piece together different weights and hues of evidence. While we acknowledge evidence exists of good practice, we believe that more needs to be done to provide practical training on how to operate in this bricolage mode, if we are to keep on top of twenty‐first century marketing information. Argues that there are seven issues that need addressing in order to ensure that the information needs of management are being satisfied by the market researcher.
Process benchmarking as a market research tool for strategic planning
Authors: Ralston Deborah , Wright April , Kumar Jaynendra
Published: November 2002

Process benchmarking partnerships are emerging as a research tool to help small firms to build a competitive advantage against larger rivals. Managers are now beginning to appreciate the need to benchmark the strategically relevant processes in their value chain. Process benchmarking begins with exploratory qualitative research to determine the core processes to be benchmarked. Quantitative research then follows, using an audit methodology and involving the collection of the costs of core processes from benchmark partners on a standardised computer spreadsheet. Each partner receives the results of statistical analysis comparing the firm’s own cost structure to the average of the benchmark partners in each core process. Strategic planning decisions can then be made about how to generate greater customer value by eliminating excess capacity, outsourcing and modifying existing processes. This paper describes a process benchmarking partnership conducted across four Australian building societies to illustrate the strategic benefits of this research methodology for firms in the new millennium.
The prices of mailing services evaluated by companies
Authors: Aparecida Gouvêa Maria , Luciano Toledo Geraldo , Nogueira Rodrigues Filho Lino
Published: November 2002

In the competitive business environment there is an inherent complexity in the price decisions. Although technical aspects and financial principles bring many contributions in clarifying those decisions, they are not enough to solve the pricing question. The typical business environment in the new millennium has driven the companies to adopt a competitive positioning according to new tendencies, events and demands in the marketplace. In this sense, the Brazilian State Postal Service Company, ECT, is intending to adjust its pricing policy and, in addition to these issues, decided to study the opinion of its customers in the business market segment. Although the perceived value for the companies that use the various services incorporates many attributes, this study focuses on the relation between price and delivery time according to a sample of 1,520 users. Many strategic actions might be adopted as a consequence of the findings of this study.
Marketing research in the new millennium: emerging issues and trends
Authors: Malhotra Naresh K. , Peterson Mark
Published: November 2002

Given the focus of the special issue, the present paper combines both the academic and the practitioner perspectives to highlight several issues and emerging trends that will shape the role of marketing research in the new millennium. These include a redefinition of the marketing researcher, the on‐going nature of marketing research, qualitative research, quantitative research, international marketing research, Internet marketing research, and ethical issues in marketing research.
Engaging the right mindset in qualitative marketing research
Authors: Nancarrow Clive , Barker Andy , Tiu Wright Len
Published: November 2002

Addresses the need in qualitative market research to consider how best to sample and recruit the right mindsets (respondents) and, if appropriate, prime these for subsequent interviews to maximise insight. Discusses models that might direct recruitment and some of the myths of good recruitment practice and argues for a more eclectic use of different approaches depending on the nature of the research problem. Provides examples of how pre‐tasking can benefit the qualitative research interview and argues the case for post‐tasking to maximise insight as well as provide a greater degree of confidence in the findings and as a source of professional development.
Immanuel Kant, marketing theory and the modern temper
Authors: Walle Alf H.
Published: November 2002

Immanuel Kant, a revered eighteenth century philosopher, largely laid the groundwork for modern methods of analysis that transcend formal scientific analysis. He did so by affirming that the human mind possesses inherent ways of reasoning that can often transcend the contrived methods of science. In the eighteenth and nineteenth century, furthermore, Kant was a key inspiration within the romantic movement and, as such, he influenced Hegel, Marx, Freud, and modern social theorists. Since modern marketing research is clearly indebted to these intellectual traditions, a knowledge of Kant is vital to well groomed marketing researchers and to the decision makers who use their services.
The impact of hypercompetitive “timescapes” on the development of a global mindset
Authors: Harvey Michael , Novicevic Milorad M.
Published: November 2002

Many managers are experiencing a “quickening” of their decision‐making processes. The globalization of business, the advances in communications technology and increasing demand for prompt data analysis and interpretation have been the primary drivers on the impact of time for decision making. Modifications in the timeline of decision makers affect the development of a corporate global mindset in a complex manner. This leaves top managers groping for a meaningful decision‐making framework that provides rationale to justify their choices under time pressure. In this article, a decisional framework based on the notion of social time or “timescape” is developed. The construct of timescape is captured by seven dimensions: time frame, tempo, temporality, (a)synchronization, sequence, emerging pauses/gaps and simultaneity. Each is examined in a global environment. Within the proposed framework, decision rules are developed relative to the flexibility and responsiveness of managers’ decisions.
Development of gaps in buyer‐seller relationships
Authors: Leminen Seppo
Published: November 2002

The purpose of this study is to increase understanding of the dynamics of gaps in buyer‐seller relationships. Increasingly complex, fast changing, and dynamic business environments provide a rich research environment for analysing dynamics of gaps in business relationships. Traditionally gaps have been examined from the static and single party perspective. However, dyadic buyer‐seller relationships can be revealed, described, and analysed in new ways by viewing intraorganisational and interorganisational gaps longitudinally as chains of interactions in relationships and from the perspectives of several parties. The dynamic gaps of the relationships are described and analysed longitudinally from the perspective of gaps for the first time.
Henri Fayol as strategist: a nineteenth century corporate turnaround
Authors: Wren Daniel A.
Published: November 2002

Successful corporate turnarounds occur, thus avoiding liquidation, but historical examples are few. In late nineteenth century France Henri Fayol became managing director (CEO) of a vertically integrated iron and steel firm and made various decisions that retrieved the firm from the brink of liquidation. In examining his career, the competitive nature of the industry, and his decisions, it is suggested that he employed a deliberate and comprehensive corporate strategy to guide the firm toward its objectives. While he developed his theory of management from these experiences and claimed that its application was the primary cause of the turnaround, this paper suggests that there were several other factors at work.
Improving purchasing’s contribution ‐ The purchasing strategy of buying council
Authors: Gordon Murray J.
Published: November 2002

Considers the development and delivery of purchasing strategy within a local government setting. It demonstrates that purchasing can contribute to the political objectives of local government and suggests that strategic alignment leads to a repositioning of purchasing. Consideration is given to the intended and realised strategy prior to a change model being presented which could form the basis for further research.
How, where, why and when information technologies are seen as a regeneration policy
Authors: Southern Alan
Published: November 2002

Much has been written about the role of information and communications technology (ICTs) as a principled input of the “new economy”. Much has also been written about the demise of older industrial regions and local economies. In a populist narrative about contemporary society it seems that the world of the new entrepreneurial dot.com businesses is in the ascendancy, while the older industries of steel, shipbuilding and general manufacturing reflect some bygone time of mass employment and standardised production. But does the logic of the industrial age necessarily feed into the logic of the new economy? Perhaps, despite the rhetoric of the knowledge driven economy, the informational age and the network society, there is nothing inevitable in such development. However, there is evidence of a concerted effort by local and regional governance agencies to initiate planning and policy for ICTs as a regeneration tool. This is, in fact, an empirical study of how, why and when places pursue strategies for ICTs. The locus of study is the North East region of the UK. This is a region built on the heavy industries of deep coal‐mining, shipbuilding, steel‐making and engineering. In this region manufacturing still makes a greater contribution to regional GDP than the service sector. Yet, here, there are clear examples of attempts to stimulate new types of economic activity based on ICTs. The region, it is argued, must engage with the new knowledge economy if it is to survive the myriad social relations thrown up through the unrelenting processes of globalisation. To do this, so the discussion follows, public and private must come together to enable businesses, large and small, community groups and government to play a full role in the new economy; by becoming more knowledge driven and through raising information processing capabilities. Adopts a critical stance towards the idea of ICTs as a tool for regeneration but shows how efforts to establish the correct enabling mechanisms are in fact grounded in the promise of new technologies held by key local and regional players.
Relationship among organizational support, JIT implementation, and performance
Authors: Chong Hyonsong , White Richard E. , Prybutok Victor
Published: November 2002

As a result of progressive implementations of just‐in‐time (JIT) management practices, researchers have attempted to identify those elements critical to the success of implementation. While the literature shows general agreement on organizational support as a key element, a paucity of empirical studies exist to test this proposition. This study tests the relationship among organizational support, JIT implementation, and performance in US production systems with the use of LISREL confirmatory factor analysis. Data collected via a survey are used to test the proposition that organizational support positively influences JIT implementation, and that organizational support and JIT implementation collectively contribute to improved performance. JIT implementation, organizational support, and performance are, respectively, independent, moderator, and dependent variables. The findings suggest that organizational support influences the implementation process and is therefore deemed an appropriate starting point in the causal relationship model. Identifies a successive causal relationship from organizational support to improved performance through JIT implementation.
The implications of Western electronic commerce for Chinese business networks
Authors: Lai M.K. , Humphreys P.K. , Sculli D.
Published: November 2002

Examines the application of electronic commerce (EC) in a cross‐cultural context. The problems likely to be encountered by a Chinese organization are analysed and interpreted in terms of conflicting cultural values. The costs associated with EC are also analyzed and two new costs, technology and competition, are introduced. The costs are classified according to the traditional market and the EC market and also by the coordination mechanism. While Chinese firms are showing considerable enthusiasm for EC, it is felt that they may not yet be ready to undertake the major organizational developments and re‐engineering efforts required to successfully implement EC. EC will also present Chinese managers with faceless transactions which may conflict with current cultural values.
Strategic management of technology at Frito‐Lay’s Kern manufacturing facility
Authors: Attaran Mohsen , Grijalva Samuel Michael
Published: November 2002

Recognizing that technology is an important element of competitive strategy, the Frito‐Lay Kern facility has invested substantially in both its people and technology. Reviews the technology and process applications, highlights organizational approaches and discusses implementation issues and success factors at the Kern facility.
Designing information systems for electronic commerce
Authors: Wang Shouhong
Published: November 2002

Electronic commerce applies new business models. To use information technology to support a new business model, the supplier enterprise needs to develop an information system model for electronic commerce. Proposes a framework for developing an information system model to fit the business model of electronic commerce. This framework is structured around three domains: EC business model, information system model, and object‐oriented methodology.
Managing organizational priorities
Authors: Brightman Baird K. , Moran John W.
Published: November 2002

Presents a schedule for the alignment of personal needs and priorities with organizational needs and priorities. By considering leadership, coaching, corporate citizenship, change management, efficiency, team working, customer focus, and decision making, individuals can compile an action plan for professional and organizational change, ensuring that one is not at the expense of the other. Features a number of models to encourage reflection and discussion as well as assessment instruments to aid immediate practical development.
Quality management initiatives in the banking industry: A meta analysis of Hong Kong and the UK
Authors: Li Eldon Y. , Zhao Xiande , Lee Tien‐sheng
Published: November 2002

The banking industry in Hong Kong plays a significant role in the international financial arena. Because of increasingly competitive pressure from domestic and overseas banks, Hong Kong banks must improve service quality and care about customer demand. They must tightly control cost and improve the quality and efficiency of operations in order to maintain profitability. This study surveys the entire population of licensed banks in Hong Kong on their quality management initiatives. It not only analyzes the current status of quality management initiatives in Hong Kong, but also compares the results with those from UK financial institutions in 1994.
More jobs for the boys? Succession planning in SMEs
Authors: Martin Lynn
Published: November 2002

Both the incidence of planning and the identification of female successors were lower than anticipated in this study of 128 companies with less than 50 employees. No company selected a female successor despite strong existing candidates, whether relatives or internal managers. Daughters were inappropriate for succession – they were “too good” for the workplace or were “doing something better”, i.e. teaching, health care, etc. Although female relatives benefited from resources for holidays or home improvements, only male relatives were seen as “heirs apparent” in terms of work status and treatment. Female relatives were neither developed nor encouraged as managers, despite frequently acting as mentors and trainers for the selected male successor. Views of successors and non‐successors are expressed and concerns for policy‐makers identified given the potential disappearance of firms without successors, and the neglect of available potential female managers.
European retailing in e‐transition?
Authors: Kotzab Herbert , Madlberger Maria
Published: November 2002

The management of electronic retail channels is not limited to virtual companies only. Also store‐based (stationary) retailers are expected to set up electronic distribution channels. This paper discusses the occurrence of such channels from a European perspective. The authors introduce a Web‐scan framework to analyze the nature of Web offerings and thelogistical elements of e‐tailing. The application of this structure showed that store‐based retailers have already invested in Web‐based activities, mainly for information and/or communication issues. The set‐up of strong electronic channels of distribution is still in an early phase.
Epilogue: UPS Logistics – practical approaches to the e‐supply chain
Authors: van Hoek Remko I. , Chong Ian
Published: November 2002

This epilogue presents the experiences of UPS Worldwide Logistics, a company known to be leading in the development and implementation of a fourth‐party logistics business model. This model applies information integration initially in logistics and transport operations. But UPS WWL has achieved full supply chain integration and strategic applications of the information availability to the benefit of its clients. Not only does that represent an application of the e‐supply chain, it also leads to the inclusion of supply Web practices in which multiple players team up flexibly to align to the end consumer.
The security of computer and other electronic installations in Nigerian university libraries
Authors: Omoniyi Joseph O.
Published: November 2002

Theft from academic libraries is a growing universal problem. This paper examines computer theft and that of audio‐visual equipment at the University of Ilorin. It aims to focus the attention of library and information service managers to this unhealthy trend that could undermine the delivery of services. It informs managers and other policy makers about effective measures for combating theft from libraries in Nigerian universities.
Non‐tenured leadership appointments in Nigerian university libraries: problems and prospects
Authors: Agboola A.T.
Published: November 2002

Discusses a recent amendment in Nigerian universities’ law that changed the appointments of university librarians, registrars and bursars from tenured to non‐tenured. Appointments to these posts which were formerly until retirement at 65 are now for a fixed period of five years in the first instance, renewable for another term of five years at the pleasure of the governing councils and no longer. The background to this development is given and its implications for leadership motivation, continuity of policy, issues of orderly succession and the fate of the former incumbents are explored. It concludes that in the present Nigerian context, the merit of the new order far out‐weighs its demerits in terms of the much desired attainment of full academic status for librarians and leadership motivation. However, care has to be taken to ensure the future of the former incumbents within the organisations if they are to perform selflessly during their limited tenure.
We are Plato’s children
Authors: Everard Jerry
Published: November 2002

Considers some of the drivers of national information policies in Australia, indicating that many of the issues and their social implications date back to the time of Plato. They have still to find solutions. The major issue requiring policy action is mediation. The impacts of current policy are discussed – privacy, censorship, intellectual property, security of transactions, archives legislation etc. The challenges are identified: the management of information in a non‐technology‐specific way, and how to get comfortable with thinking about information in a non‐linear and non‐commodity way.
Contested texts: issues of plagiarism
Authors: Hannabuss Stuart
Published: November 2002

Popular views of plagiarism are based on the concept of original authorship and the moral and economic implications of it. Plagiarism itself is usually linked with academic misconduct by students and by teachers/lecturers/writers. Reaction by institutions and professional groups tends to be one of discipline and punishment, at times in law, most often by gatekeeping bodies. The growth of the Internet has made gatekeeping difficult. Academic life tries to balance gatekeeping with facilitation, and this dialectic presents real challenges today, above all where collaborative writing is concerned. Post‐modern views of authors and texts add to the complexity. It is suggested that popular views of plagiarism may not be flexible enough.
Chaos in the library environment
Authors: Katsirikou Anthi , Skiadas Christos H.
Published: November 2002

Describes the impact of chaos theory in social systems and the phenomena that result from it, drawing attention to related phenomena in the state of the library today. It then considers the factors that lead library systems to exhibit chaotic behaviour. These factors are the plethora of technological tools and the variety of software and interfaces, the dependence of resource providers and the increasing supply and diversity of information resources. The changes dictated by these factors influence the internal operations of the library, communication between libraries, the methods and channels of providing user services, the time taken to access information and knowledge, and the numbers and variety of users and their unique ways of searching. In conclusion, the organisational changes in libraries dictated by the unpredictability and instability of the present state are identified, including the organisational transition of library management, staff education concerning the new tools and resources, and user education about assist search techniques.
Automation and its impact on the job satisfaction among the staff of the Margaret Thatcher Library, Moi University
Authors: Kibet Bii Harrison , Wanyama Patrick
Published: November 2002

Presents the findings of a study which examined the impact of automation on the job satisfaction among library staff of the Margaret Thatcher Library (MTL), Moi University, Kenya. With the exception of the university librarian, his deputy and the systems librarian who were interviewed face to face, questionnaires were distributed to all other library staff. An 80 percent response rate resulted and data were coded and analysed. It was established that there were myriad problems within the library regarding training and access to automated systems of interest. However, MTL staff members viewed automation as enrichment and a source of satisfaction to their jobs. For automation to boost the staff members’ job satisfaction, concrete plans for consistent structured in‐house training, free access to the available software, additional systems staff, and centralised databases, among others, must be implemented.
“Measuring the unmeasurable”: reader development and its impact on performance measurement in the public library sector
Authors: Train Briony , Elkin Judith
Published: November 2002

Until recently, performance measurement in public libraries had largely failed to address the issue of evaluating the quality of service provision. Investigates the potential to measure the impact on staff and users of reader development, currently a key concern to the public library sector. Uses examples as the best value inspection process, a current form of performance measurement, and Branching Out, an ongoing national reader development initiative. Concludes that the qualitative, person‐centred evaluation methodologies developed via projects such as Branching Out could support any local authority preparing its own service evaluation, and could arguably enhance any evaluative documentation, for example the Best Value Performance Plan.
People‐centred management in a library context
Authors: Mullins John
Published: November 2002

Emphasises the strategic advantage of people‐centred management policies in a library context. Argues that people‐centred organisational management acts as a catalyst for developing successful outcomes in an era of rapid change which increasingly relies on intellectual capital. Is critical of the old corporate forms of hierarchy‐based processes and of the “risk‐averse systems that crush new ideas”. Because of new threats to the hegemony traditionally enjoyed by libraries as the chief source of information and literature, library managers now have to place a higher priority on management attitudes towards staff and, in turn, on attitudes or manner of all staff towards customers. Also presents an example of people‐centred management policies in action in an Irish library context. Overall, emphasises the strategic advantage of people‐centred policies for the future success of library management.
Information warfare: peering inside Pandora’s postmodern box
Authors: Cronin Blaise
Published: November 2002

Aims to demonstrate how information warfare (IW) is being progressively domesticated and how it democratizes warfare. Briefly outlines the so‐called Revolution in Military Affairs. Presents an overview of the various modalities of IW. Introduces the defining features of IW from both the attacker’s and the target’s perspective. Describes types of offence and defence. Assesses the extent to which IW and information terrorism are having or will have an impact on the daily lives of individual groups and considers the various social actors. Offers some observations on the negative externalities and possible longer term social costs associated with IW and information terrorism in the civil sphere.
Misplaced marketing Imagine the television commercial: “No stems, no seeds that you don’t need, Baja Gold’s a real smooth weed”
Authors: Rotfeld Herbert Jack
Published: November 2002

Discusses issues around marketing and the debate on legality of drugs. Notes that, while there has been a consideration of ways in which drug restrictions could be loosened, there is an underlying fear of the effects of marketing of such products. Looks also at issues surrounding the marketing of such legal products as cigarettes and alcohol, considering the popular “wisdom” that marketing activities cause people to act in a fashion contrary to their own self interets.
Music marketing: music consumption imagery in the UK and New Zealand
Authors: Martin Brett A.S. , McCracken Celeste A.
Published: November 2002

This research examines cross‐country differences in marketing imagery. Marketing imagery in music videos broadcast in the UK and New Zealand are studied. Results suggest that UK music videos have more brand references, fashion imagery, darkside products and role model behaviour outcomes than New Zealand music shows. Pop music marketing references are mainly visual while hard rock has more darkside products, brand references and punishment outcomes.
Temperature measurement taken to extremes
Authors: Monkman Gareth
Published: November 2002

Discusses the various sensors that can be used to measure temperatures at the high and low extremes of industrial processes. These include: mechanical sensors such as bimetal and expanding liquid thermometers; electrical sensors including resistance, thermistors, thermocouples and semiconductor; and optical pyrometers. Also describes the error effects that can be experienced and how these can be overcome.
Sensors allow windscreens to be inserted “on the fly”
Authors: Mortimer John
Published: November 2002

Automotive windscreens are being inserted “on the fly” at the Dagenham, Essex, UK plant of the Ford Motor Company in what is being described as a world first in the technology. The technology reduces labour and capital equipment costs, as well as providing a more accurate “fit” of the windscreen in the aperture. The system uses robots and gripper‐mounted specular reflection sensors to locate the windscreen aperture and insert the windscreens.
Imaging sensors at IPOT/MV/MTEC
Authors: Braggins Don
Published: November 2002

Comments on recent developments in the machine vision industry and describes some of the more significant exhibits at the IPOT 2001 exhibition, including camera networks, addressable pixel cameras and low resolution thermal imagers.
Reinterpreting the learning organisation
Authors: Stewart Deb
Published: November 2002

Examines the theoretical and practical development of the concept of the learning organisation (LO). Some theorists have used the term LO interchangeably with organisational learning, while others have drawn distinctions between the two. Provides a brief review of the current LO literature in the context of learning and organisational learning, and the theoretical tensions existing between these concepts. Treats the LO as a metaphor in order to explore the possibilities for its re‐interpretation. Establishes the centrality of narrative to all human endeavours and that every organisational aspect is anchored in narratives. Holistically re‐interprets the LO using narrative theory. Suggests the LO needs to be re‐interpreted in the context of power relations and Bourdieu’s social theory. Claims that the use of metaphor, narrative and social theory enhance our thinking about the LO conceptually and will open up practical possibilities for practitioners and consultants.
New Zealand dairy farmers as organisational learners
Authors: Massey Claire , Hurley Evelyn
Published: November 2002

The dairy industry is an important element of the New Zealand economy, and its key producer organization (the New Zealand Dairy Board) views itself as being progressive in relation to the acquisition and adoption of technology. However it accepts that in order to remain price competitive in international markets, technological improvement is a continual necessity. As a result the Board needs to increase production efficiency by encouraging farmers to “learn about” (and adopt) new methods and processes. In 1997 the Board initiated a strategy for improving learning within farm organisations. A project was undertaken to examine the barriers to learning for farmers and to explore alternative methods for enhancing their learning. This paper reflects on the use of action research (AR) as one alternative method. In a case study on women dairy farmers, AR was used as a method of resolving an on‐farm technical issue. This process is compared with the discussion group method already used widely in the New Zealand dairy industry.
What can we learn from “leading” service practitioners about business excellence?
Authors: Robson Andrew , Prabhu Vas B.
Published: November 2002

It is reasonable to assume that levels of business excellence will vary considerably amongst a group of organisations; two recent studies of organisations in north east England support this hypothesis. Draws on these benchmarking data. Relates to 28 business excellence practices and 19 operational performance measures covering strategy, human resources, service delivery and quality, service design and innovation, service value and measurement and business performance. Identifies the extent of any significant differences in overall practice and performance attainment levels between service leaders and their counterparts. Also considers combinations of attributes that best discriminate between levels of attainment. Derives a subset of measures that have the potential to provide an insight into a service organisation’s level of practice adoption and corresponding performance. Also considers additional characteristics to ascertain what association, if any, they have with the level of practice adoption and operational performance amongst the service organisations. All significant differences are highlighted at the 5 per cent significance level unless otherwise stated.
Incorporating patients’ assessments of satisfaction and quality: an integrative model of patients’ evaluations of their care
Authors: Tucker Jessie L. , Adams Sheila R.
Published: November 2002

This study investigates the apparent methodological shortcomings of the current literature that considers patients’ evaluations of their care. In an effort to resolve the evident discrepancies between stated assertions and empirical evidence, integrates the two prominent streams of research to produce a more comprehensive model. Results suggest that just two distinct dimensions of the care experience were found to capture 74 per cent of the variance in satisfaction‐quality, with patients’ sociodemographic differences accounting for only 1 per cent.