bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First record of the occurrence and abundance of phorids (Diptera: Phoridae) associated with leaf-cutting ants of the genus Atta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the municipality of Cruz das Almas-BA
Authors: Souza Tamires Doroteo , Pereira Rozimar Campos
Published: October 2020

As formigas cortadeiras do gênero Atta são consideradas uma das principais pragas florestais e agrícolas. Atualmente, o controle químico com iscas granuladas é considerado o mais eficiente, porém, com a adoção inadequada de manejo pode prejudicar organismos não-alvo e o agroecossistema. Parasitóides forídeos têm sido estudados para que possam ser utilizados como estratégia alternativa de manejo para formigas cortadeiras. O uso de forídeos como parte da estratégia de manejo no controle biológico, apesar de ainda ser muito incipiente, pode no futuro se tornar uma alternativa mais segura para o controle de formigas cortadeiras. Assim, o objetivo foi relatar a ocorrência de parasitóides da família Phoridae associados a formigas cortadeiras do gênero Atta no município de Cruz das Almas.Durante os meses de abril a julho, três ambientes foram estudados, sendo: área de pastagem, plantação de eucalipto e um fragmento de Mata Atlântica. Em cada um desses ambientes, foram selecionados três colônias de duas espécies de formigas Atta sexdens sexdens e Atta laevigata. Cada coleta consistiu em seis horas de observação, divididas em oito períodos de 45 minutos. As boas práticas foram feitas nas trilhas e batedores consecutivamente, sempre começando pelo batedor. Um total de 112 forídeos pertencentes a dois gêneros foram coletados, sendo 64 do gênero Eibesfeldtphora e 48 do gênero Myrmosicarius. As boas práticas foram feitas nas trilhas e batedores consecutivamente, sempre começando pelo batedor.Um total de 112 forídeos pertencentes a dois gêneros foram coletados, sendo 64 do gênero Eibesfeldtphora e 48 do gênero Myrmosicarius. As boas práticas foram feitas nas trilhas e batedores consecutivamente, sempre começando pelo batedor. Um total de 112 forídeos pertencentes a dois gêneros foram coletados, sendo 64 do gênero Eibesfeldtphora e 48 do gênero Myrmosicarius.
Distorted underwater image reconstruction for an autonomous underwater vehicle based on a self-attention generative adversarial network
Authors: Li Tengyue , Yang Qianqian , Rong Shenghui , Chen Long , He Bo
Published: October 2020

Imaging through the wavy air–water surface suffers from severe geometric distortions, which are caused by the light refraction effect that affects the normal operations of underwater exploration equipment such as the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based framework, namely the self-attention generative adversarial network (SAGAN), to remove the geometric distortions and restore the distorted image captured through the water–air surface. First, a K-means-based image pre-selection method is employed to acquire a less distorted image that preserves much useful information from an image sequence. Second, an improved generative adversarial network (GAN) is trained to translate the distorted image into the non-distorted image. During this process, the attention mechanism and the weighted training objective are adopted in our GAN framework to get the high-quality restored results of distorted underwater images. The network is able to restore the colors and fine details in the distorted images by combining the three objective losses, i.e., the content loss, the adversarial loss, and the perceptual loss. Experimental results show that our proposed method outperforms other state-of-the-art methods on the validation set and our sea trial set.
Single-shot digital phase-shifting Moiré patterns for 3D topography
Authors: Guo Haiyun , Zhou Haowen , Banerjee Partha P.
Published: October 2020

A simple and robust technique of Moiré topography with single-image capture and incorporating digital filtering along with a four-step digitally implemented phase-shifting method is introduced for three-dimensional (3D) surface mapping. Feature details in the order of tens to hundreds of microns can be achieved using interferometrically generated structured light to illuminate the object surface. Compared to the traditional optical phase-shifting method, a digital phase-shifting method based on Fourier processing is implemented with computer-generated sinusoidal patterns derived from the recorded deformed fringes. This enables a single capture of the image that can be used to reconstruct the 3D topography of the surface. Single-shot imaging is simple to implement experimentally and avoids errors in introducing the correct phase shifts. The feasibility of this technique is verified experimentally, and applications to metallic surfaces are demonstrated.
Femtosecond laser ablation of thin silver films in air and water under tight focusing
Authors: Danilov P. A. , Ionin A. A. , Kudryashov S. I. , Rudenko A. A. , Smirnov N. A. , Porfirev A. P. , Kuchmizhak A. A. , Vitrik O. B. , Kovalev M. S. , Krasin G. K.
Published: October 2020

In this work, microscale holes and intermediate self-organized structures were obtained on the surface of a thin 50-nm silver film in air and under a water layer using single tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses with variable energy. We study the differences in the relief of microholes using scanning electron microscopy. The comparison of the silver film ablation thresholds under irradiation in air and water is carried out. A non-monotonic change in the size of craters in a water medium at peak powers more than 1.5MW was found, which corresponds to the critical filamentation power of laser pulses in water.
Evaluation of mode division multiplexed system by dynamic power transfer matrix characterization
Authors: Swain Smaranika , Venkitesh Deepa
Published: October 2020

We experimentally demonstrate a simple method to characterize the temporal dynamics of the power transfer matrix of a mode division multiplexed (MDM) system using the time series of the output power in each channel. We consider a 3 × 3 MDM system consisting of a pair of 3-channel photonic lanterns (PL) for mode (de)multiplexing and 1 km of few-mode fiber (FMF) to evaluate the time evolution of channel selectivity, insertion loss, channel-dependent loss, and accumulated cross-talk for each channel. We further compare the statistics of time evolution of the above parameters for MDM systems utilizing mode-selective and non-mode-selective photonic lanterns. Such results are used to evaluate the consequences of choice of photonic lanterns and their utility in long-haul and short-reach mode division multiplexed systems.
Visiones desde la Neurociencia-Neurodidáctica para la incorporación de las TIC en los escenarios educativos
Authors: Barroso-Osuna Julio , Cabero-Almenara Julio , Valencia Ortiz Rubicelia
Published: October 2020

El campo de la neurociencia ha experimentado un importante avance en las últimas décadas, tanto que concretamente en estos últimos años se está creando una nueva cultura basada en el estudio del cerebro, dando lugar al nacimiento de nuevas disciplinas en diversas ramas del conocimiento. Entre estas disciplinas, nos encontramos con la neuroeducación y la neurodidáctica, que adoptan como base de análisis las aportaciones surgidas desde la neurociencia. Disciplinas que surgen del interés entre los docentes de encontrar un referente teórico para fundamentar su práctica pedagógica, teniendo en cuenta conocimientos sobre cómo se estructura, funciona y se desarrolla el cerebro. En el presente documento, se parte del análisis de las características definitorias de la neurociencia y de las posibles relaciones que se pueden establecer con la didáctica, en lo que se está comenzando a denominar como neurodidáctica. Igualmente, desde el punto de vista de la neurociencia y concretamente de la neurodidáctica, analizamos las posibilidades cognitivas que ofrecen las TIC, centrándonos para finalizar en los diversos efectos cognitivos que nos produce la utilización de las TIC en los contextos de formación.
The frequency of virulent genes and antimicrobial resistance patterns of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolated from stools of children presenting with diarrhea in a tertiary hospital in Abakaliki, Nigeria
Authors: David Ebuka Elijah , Yameen Muhammad Arfat , Igwenyi Ikechuku Okorie , Okafor Arthur Chinedu , Obeten Uket Nta , Obasi Doris Olachi , Ezeilo Uchenna Regina , David Chidinma Nnenne
Published: October 2020

Aim: This study was aimed to determine the virulent genes and antibiotic resistance patterns among circulating diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) pathotypes in a tertiary care health center in east of Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Diarrheal stool samples were obtained from 80 children under 5 years and E. coli was isolated and identified using standard biochemical and molecular methods. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect eight virulent genes of DEC. Disk diffusion method was used to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of DEC. Results: DEC infection was observed in 54 (68%) children among which ial gene for enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) (40% [n=22]) was commonly detected followed by eltA/eltB for enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) (30% [n=16]), pCVD for enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) (20% [n=11]), and eaeA/bfpA for typical enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) (10% [n=5]). The DEC isolates phenotypically exhibited resistance for ampicillin (AMP) (44 [81%]), followed by ciprofloxacin (CIP)/ levofloxacin (LEV) (28 [52%]), cefoxitin (FOX) (11 [20%]), and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC) (6 [11%]). About 60% isolates of stable toxins-ETEC were resistant to AMC, CIP, and LEV while all the labile toxin-ETEC exhibited resistance to AMP. About 60% (n=6) resistance were seen in EAEC against ampicillin, AMC, FOX, CIP, and LEV. In EIEC, all the isolates (n=22) were resistant to AMP while 50% (n=11) were resistant to both CIP and LEV. All EPEC (n=5) were resistant to AMP, FOX, CIP, and LEV. Conclusion: High frequency of virulent ial and eltA/eltB genes for EIEC and ETEC, respectively, suggests that they are the primary etiological agents of diarrhea in children among DEC pathotypes. Resistance of DEC to more than two classes of antibiotics indicate possible emergence of multidrug resistance.
RESPONSIFITAS VARIETAS UNGGUL BARU TEBU MASAK AWAL TERHADAP PEMUPUKAN
Authors: Murianingrum Mala , Busro Djumali , Riajaya Prima Diarini
Published: October 2020

More than 40% of the potential gap of varieties of sugarcane with actual results in the field is one of the causes of sugar self-sufficiency in Indonesia which has not been reached. The limited knowledge about the responsiveness of  early maturity sugarcane varieties to ferlization is one of the factors causing the large gap. The study aims to determine the responsiveness of new superior early maturity sugarcane varieties conducted in Janti Village, Kediri during July 2018 – August 2019. The study was arranged in a split plot design and repeated 3 times. The main plot consists of 5 fertilizing doses (0.9; 1.0; 1.1; 1.2, and 1.3 times the recommended dose). The subplots consists of 6 new varieties of early maturity sugarcane (MLG 5, MLG 9, MLG 14, PSMLG 2, PSMLG 1, and PS 881). Regression analysis is used to determine the form of response. The optimum dose was determined using the first derivative for closed quadratic equations and was determined > 1.3 times for positive linear equations. Varieties were grouped based on their optimum dose into five groups (no response, little response, sufficient response, more response, and very responsive). The results showed that the MLG 5, PSMLG 1, and PS 881 were classified as sufficient response, while MLG 9, MLG 14, and PSMLG 2 were classified as very responsive to fertilization.
Rafflesia pricei MEIJER (RAFFLESIACEAE): A NEW LOCALITY IN BORNEO
Authors: Lestari Dewi , Mahyuni Ridha , Iryadi Rajif
Published: October 2020

Rafflesia pricei is an endemic species from Borneo. Previously, this species had been reported from Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei Darussalam, East Kalimantan (Now, North Kalimantan). A new locality of the R. pricei was found in Pa’ Pulid forest, near to Pa’ Api village, Krayan Nunukan, North Kalimantan. Most vegetation in this area is dominated by Saurauia sp. (Actinidaceae), Knema sp.(Myristicaceae), Arecaceae, Fern, Zingiber sp. (Zingiberaceae) and Araceae. The soil in the area has a brown color, the pH is 6, the texture is dominated by clay (54%), and the soil moisture 80%.
Keberadaan Perokok dalam Rumah sebagai Faktor Risiko Kejadian Pneumonia pada Anak: Suatu Kajian Sistematik
Authors: Kusumawardani Rahma Desta , Suhartono Suhartono , Budiyono Budiyono
Published: October 2020

Latar belakang: Pneumonia merupakan penyebab utama kematian pada anak di dunia. Salah satu faktor risiko yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian adalah adanya pajanan asap rokok lingkungan (environmental tobacco smoke, ETS) yang berasal dari adanya perokok dalam rumah. Kajian sistematis ini bertujuan menggambarkan hubungan keberadaan perokok dalam rumah dengan kejadian pneumonia pada anak.Metode: Penelusuran artikel dilakukan melalui database Portal Garuda Indonesia, PubMed, Scopus, dan ProQuest, pada bulan Mei 2020. Kriteria inklusi adalah penelitian dengan desain studi observasional dan fokus pada hubungan pajanan asap rokok dengan pneumonia pada anak, yang dipublikasikan antara tahun 2000-2020.Hasil: Terdapat 8 artikel yang dikaji. Salah satu artikel melakukan pengukuran CCR (Cotinine/creatinine ratio) urin. Faktor terkait pajanan asap rokok yang terbukti berkaitan dengan peningkatan risiko pneumonia adalah adanya anggota keluarga yang merokok, lokasi merokok berada di dalam rumah, adanya bau tembakau di dalam ruangan, pajanan asap rokok pada masa prenatal terutama ibu yang merokok pada masa kehamilan, dan usia anak pada saat terpajan asap rokok.Simpulan: Keberadaan perokok dalam rumah meningkatkan risiko pneumonia pada anak, dengan kisaran 1,2-6,7 ABSTRACTTitle: The existence of smokers in the home as a risk factor of pneumonia in children:  A systematic review Background: Pneumonia is the leading cause of death in children worldwide. One of the risk factors that need an attention is exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) from the smoker in the house. The purpose of this systematic study is to describe relationship between the presence of smokers in the house and pneumonia in children.Methods: The literature search was carried out through the database of Portal Garuda Indonesia, PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest, which were conducted in May 2020. The inclusion criteria are observational research designs and focus on the relationship between exposure to tobacco smoke and pneumonia in children that were published between 2000 and 2020.Results: Eight articles were selected for review. One of the articles has measured urinary cotinine/creatinine ratio (CCR). Factors related to the exposure to tobacco smoke which is proven to be associated with an increase risk of pneumonia in children were the presence of family members who smoke, location of smoking in the house, the smell of tobacco in the room, exposure to tobacco smoke during the prenatal period especially maternal smoking, and the age of the child when exposed to tobacco smoke. Conclusion: The presence of smokers in the home increases the risk of pneumonia in children, with a ranges between 1.2-6.7
Relationship between hope and psychological well-being among male and female students of Farhangian University of Zanjan province
Authors: Ahmadi Mohammad Saeed , Ramazani Abbas
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between hope and psychological well-being among the students of Farhangian University using a descriptive correlational research method. All students of Farhangian University of Zanjan province in the academic year of 2018-19 were considered and 324 of them were selected as the research sample. Hope scale Schneider (1991) and psychological well-being scale of Ryff (1989) were used as research tools. using SPSS 21 software, Pearson correlation coefficient test, stepwise regression, ANOVA and independent t-test were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between hope and psychological well-being and this includes their components too (p <0.01). There is no significant difference between hope and psychological well-being among students based on gender (P> 0.05). Also, the results of stepwise regression indicated that hope and motivational hope could predict psychological well-being (p <0.01). Therefore, it can be concluded that in order to improve the psychological well-being of students, their hope should be increased in a way.
Ramadan effect on sectoral herding
Authors: Elshqirat Mohammad Kamel
Published: October 2020

One variable that affects stocks prices in the financial markets is herding behavior. As the level of herding is not constant over time, its level may be different during some events. Herding may increase during religious events like Ramadan in the Muslim world causing volatility to increase and leading to unexplained stock prices. The purpose of this study was to test the effect of Ramadan on herding presence at market and sector levels. The study was based on the behavioral finance theory which considers mood and behavior of investors as variables that may affect the prices of stocks. The enquiry that the researcher tried to answer was whether the presence of herding in the market and sectors is affected by Ramadan. To achieve the study purpose, a quantitative study was conducted using daily data from Amman stock exchange for the period from 2000 to 2018. Collected data were analyzed using ordinary least squares (OLS) method. The Results of market-level analysis showed that market investors do not herd during and out of Ramadan. At sector-level, however, herding is absent during Ramadan and exists out of it in services and industrial sectors while it's absent in both times in the financial sector.
Authentic marketing pragmatic marketing (components, foregrounds, outcomes): interactions & conflicts
Authors: Ali Esmaeili Zohreh , Kheiry Bahram , Farahbod Farzin
Published: October 2020

The age of new technology is fraught with contradictions, engagement and communications that the customer with the crisis of meaning and absurdity that stems from obedience and consumption. And in the same vein, authenticity, which Katler considers to be the most effective element in this era, in order to achieve a sustainable development and response to the psychological adventures of the customer, which he calls the human soul. Also, the efforts of brands to maintain and develop their own beliefs and philosophies have made it necessary to study the concept of authentic marketing. And, on the other hand, the study of its interaction with the pragmatic marketing, which is a response to the material needs of the client, is necessary, therefore, their consequences can be the answer to the theoretical vacuum of marketing science to solve customer's contradictions in the new paradigmatic shift. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and uses the method of qualitative research in the form of the Structural Foundation data theory. Methods of collecting data is through in-depth interviews and observing. Eventually, data were analyzed using the principles related to underlying theory (open and selective coding, continuous comparative analysis, creation of concepts and compilations). Finally, this study suggests that changing marketing paradigm to solve the problems of new age for authentic brand production.
Posterior predictive treatment assignment methods for causal inference in the context of time-varying treatments
Authors: Liao Shirley X. , Henneman Lucas , Zigler Cory
Published: October 2020

Marginal structural models (MSM) with inverse probability weighting (IPW) are used to estimate causal effects of time-varying treatments, but can result in erratic finite-sample performance when there is low overlap in covariate distributions across different treatment patterns. Modifications to IPW which target the average treatment effect (ATE) estimand either introduce bias or rely on unverifiable parametric assumptions and extrapolation. This paper extends an alternate estimand, the ATE on the overlap population (ATO) which is estimated on a sub-population with a reasonable probability of receiving alternate treatment patterns in time-varying treatment settings. To estimate the ATO within an MSM framework, this paper extends a stochastic pruning method based on the posterior predictive treatment assignment (PPTA) (Zigler, C. M., and M. Cefalu. 2017. “Posterior Predictive Treatment Assignment for Estimating Causal Effects with Limited Overlap.” eprint arXiv:1710.08749.) as well as a weighting analog (Li, F., K. L. Morgan, and A. M. Zaslavsky. 2018. “Balancing Covariates via Propensity Score Weighting.” Journal of the American Statistical Association 113: 390–400, https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.2016.1260466.) to the time-varying treatment setting. Simulations demonstrate the performance of these extensions compared against IPW and stabilized weighting with regard to bias, efficiency, and coverage. Finally, an analysis using these methods is performed on Medicare beneficiaries residing across 18,480 ZIP codes in the U.S. to evaluate the effect of coal-fired power plant emissions exposure on ischemic heart disease (IHD) hospitalization, accounting for seasonal patterns that lead to change in treatment over time.
The violent ground motion before the Jiuzhaigou earthquake Ms7.0
Authors: Xu Kangsheng , Li Ying
Published: October 2020

An Ms7.0 earthquake occurred in Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan Province, China, on August 8, 2017. In this study, we used the vertical component data from 31 seismic stations near the epicenter from May 1 to August 20, 2017, to calculate the amplitude spectrum hourly using the fast Fourier transform method. Furthermore, the spectral area of the low frequency band (0.02–1 Hz), which represents the energy of low frequency motion, was calculated. In this way, the temporal and spatial variations in the vertical ground motion in this region were determined. Four high-value processes occurred in mid-June, mid-July, late July, and early August (the last three are discussed in this article). Based on a comparison with the local meteorological data, the meteorological factors had no influence, local geological factors did not affect the results, and typhoon factors did not show obvious correlation. Combined with the results of previous studies, we believe that the increase in the spectral area reflects the intense movement of deep material in the region related to the Jiuzhaigou earthquake. The spatial distribution of the spectral area (energy) reveals that the deep material moved eastward rapidly, was obstructed by the Sichuan Basin, and expanded to the northwest in a U-shaped channel, which may be the main dynamic factor for the formation or triggering of the earthquake.
Caffeic and chlorogenic acids modulate altered activity of key enzymes linked to hypertension in cyclosporine-induced hypertensive rats
Authors: Agunloye Odunayo M. , Oboh Ganiyu , Bello Gbemisola T. , Oyagbemi Ademola A.
Published: October 2020

Objectives

This study aimed to explore the protective mechanism of caffeic acid (CAA) and chlorogenic acid (CHA) on cyclosporine (CSA) induced hypertensive rats.

Methods

Effect of CAA and CHA on diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), e-nucleotide triphosphate dephosphorylase (e-NTPDase), 5′ nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in CSA-induced hypertensive rats were determined.

Results

CAA and CHA administration stabilized hypertensive effect caused by CSA administration. Also, altered activity of ACE (lung), e-NTPDase, 5′ nucleotidase, ADA as well as elevated malondiadehyde (MDA) level was restored in all the treated hypertensive rats in comparison with the untreated hypertensive rats.

Conclusion

Hence, these observed results could underlie some of the mechanisms through which CAA and CHA could offer antihypertensive effect.
Mitigative effect of Momordica cymbalaria fruit extract against sodium fluoride induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar male albino rats
Authors: Mitta Raghavendra , Duddu Sushmitha , Pulala Raghuveer Yadav , Bhupalam Pradeepkumar , Mandlem Venkatakirankumar , Konde Abbulu
Published: October 2020

Objectives

The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the mitigative effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Momordica cymbalaria fruits against sodium fluoride (NaF) induced hepatotoxicity.

Methods

In this study, Wistar male albino rats were randomly divided into five groups of six rats each. Group I and II served as normal and toxic controls. Group III as plant control received extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg b. wt, p.o and Groups IV and V as treatment groups received extract at a dose 200 and 400 mg/kg b. wt, p.o for 30 days. All groups except Groups I and III received 100 ppm of NaF through drinking water. After completion of the study, blood collected for the estimation of liver blood serum biomarkers such as aspartate aminotransferases (AST), alanine aminotransferases (ALT), alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), direct and total bilirubin, total protein and albumin. The liver tissue homogenate was for estimation of lipid peroxidation, catalase, and reduced glutathione levels.

Results

The results showed that NaF intoxication caused elevation of liver blood serum levels and lipid peroxidation; decreased levels of serum total protein, albumin and liver reduced glutathione, and catalase observed. The treatment groups showed decreased elevated serum biomarkers (ALT, AST, and ALP), liver lipid peroxidation and increased serum total protein and albumin, liver reduced glutathione and catalase levels in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathological studies also further strongly supported for mitigative effects of the plant.

Conclusions

In conclusion, our findings of the study indicated that M. cymbalaria fruits were a potential drug candidate in the treatment of NaF induced hepatotoxicity.
Temperature monitoring in the subsurface during single lip deep hole drilling
Authors: Wegert Robert , Guski Vinzenz , Möhring Hans-Christian , Schmauder Siegfried
Published: October 2020

The surface quality and the subsurface properties such as hardness, residual stresses and grain size of a drill hole are dependent on the cutting parameters of the single lip deep hole drilling process and therefore on the thermomechanical as-is state in the cutting zone and in the contact zone between the guide pads and the drill hole surface. In this contribution, the main objectives are the in-process measurement of the thermal as-is state in the subsurface of a drilling hole by means of thermocouples as well as the feed force and drilling torque evaluation. FE simulation results to verify the investigations and to predict the thermomechanical conditions in the cutting zone are presented as well. The work is part of an interdisciplinary research project in the framework of the priority program “Surface Conditioning in Machining Processes” (SPP 2086) of the German Research Foundation (DFG).

This contribution provides an overview of the effects of cutting parameters, cooling lubrication and including wear on the thermal conditions in the subsurface and mechanical loads during this machining process. At first, a test set up for the in-process temperature measurement will be presented with the execution as well as the analysis of the resulting temperature, feed force and drilling torque during drilling a 42CrMo4 steel. Furthermore, the results of process simulations and the validation of this applied FE approach with measured quantities are presented.
The ART of apologizing: Entering the black box of an intervention program
Authors: Tholander Michael , Andersson Bruck Kjerstin
Published: October 2020

During recent decades, evidence-based treatment programs have become a given part of the youth justice system. Typically, such programs are evaluated through quantitative effect studies, in which a variety of outcome measures play a significant role. This case study offers an alternative, interactional evaluation of a treatment program. More specifically, the analysis focuses on an Aggression Replacement Training (ART) session that was held at a youth detention home in Sweden. In this session, two trainers and three detained adolescent boys perform an exercise that serves to teach the latter various apology practices. A detailed, conversation analytic examination of the interaction in the session shows that the trainers repeatedly problematize the boys’ contributions in a kind of deviant-making enterprise. Thus, rather than recognizing competencies that do become visible through closer inspection, the trainers one-sidedly highlight lack and deficiency. It is argued that the interpretative frame of ART, with its focus on pathologization, individualization, and responsibilization, amplifies the incarcerated boys’ deviancy, hence symbolically locking them up in a second, non-material or discursive, sense.
Neuroticism as an underlying construct in youth emotional disorders
Authors: Tonarely Niza A. , Sherman Jamie A. , Grossman Rebecca A. , Shaw Ashley M. , Ehrenreich-May Jill
Published: October 2020

Structural research on neuroticism, as indicated by Big Five personality traits and/or internalizing symptoms, has been conducted with youth. However, no structural research has investigated neuroticism as characterized by transdiagnostic risk factors such as distress tolerance (DT), negative affect (NA), and avoidance. No study has investigated whether DT, NA, and avoidance, as a group, are associated with anxiety, depressive, obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms, and independent evaluator (lE)-rated symptom severity in a clinical sample of youth. The purpose of the current investigation was to understand the proportion of variance in anxiety, depressive, OC symptoms, and independent evaluator-rated global symptom severity by a latent construct of neuroticism, as indicated by these modifiable features in youth with emotional disorders among a sample of 121 adolescents (ages 13–18, 51.2% female). A latent neuroticism factor was significantly associated with greater youth- and parent-reported anxiety, depressive, and OC symptoms, and greater IE-rated global severity.
Using acceptance and commitment therapy techniques to enhance treatment engagement in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Phillips M. Ashton , Chase Tannah , Bautista Chandra , Tang Annie , Teng Ellen J.
Published: October 2020

Evidence-based treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are available for veterans, but many do not benefit due to low treatment engagement. This may be partially due to avoidance behaviors characteristic of individuals with PTSD. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a transdiagnostic treatment approach that aims to reduce avoidance. The authors propose the use of adjunctive ACT techniques to enhance engagement with treatment for PTSD. ACT techniques such as cognitive defusion and values clarification have been shown to promote engagement with other cognitive-behavioral treatments, but no studies to date have examined these techniques as adjuncts to treatment for PTSD. Because of its focus on reducing avoidance, ACT is uniquely suited for promoting treatment engagement with the “gold standard” treatments for PTSD. The authors review the existing research on ACT as an adjunctive intervention, discuss specific concepts and techniques from ACT that are relevant to PTSD, and provide recommendations for future research.
Pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiotoxicity in chemotherapeutic agents
Authors: Chaulin Aleksey M. , Abashina Olga E. , Duplyakov Dmitry V.
Published: October 2020

Certain success has been achieved in the treatment of cancer due to the development of various effective chemotherapeutic drugs. However, an increase in their effectiveness (aggressiveness) was associated with a growth of undesirable effects on the entire human body, in particular, on the cardiovascular system. The damage to the cardiovascular system from chemotherapy in many cases is more significant than from the underlying disease. In recent years, a new direction of medicine has been formed - cardio-oncology. The major groups of cardiotoxic chemotherapeutic agents are anthracyclines, inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (anti-HER2), antimetabolites, microtubule inhibitors, proteasome inhibitors, platinum-based chemotherapeutic drugs, and angiogenesis inhibitors (inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor). This review discusses principal pathophysiological mechanisms of the cardiotoxicity of these chemotherapeutic drugs.
Problem-Based Learning with Argumentation as a Hypothetical Model to Increase the Critical Thinking Skills for Junior High School Students
Authors: Akhdinirwanto R. W. , Agustini R. , Jatmiko B.
Published: October 2020

The Problem-Based Learning with Argumentation (PBLA) model is a development model of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) added to the Toulmin Argumentation activity to increase the critical thinking skill in junior high school. The research aims to determine the feasibility of PBLA in terms of its validity and effectiveness. The research samples are two groups of students (class 1 and class 2) with 26 students in each class. Before learning to use PBLA, each class was given a pretest, and after learning to use PBLA were also given a posttest. PBLA validity data were obtained through validity sheets and analyzed through expert agreement. PBLA effectiveness data was obtained through critical thinking skill tests and analyzed by paired t-test, n-gain, and two-average similarity test. The results showed that the content validity and the construct validity categorized as valid with a score of 3.5 and 3.3. The reliability scores obtained are 77.10% and 77.67%. The critical thinking skill data showed a significant increase in critical thinking skill at α = 5%, the average n-gain was categorized high, and there was a similarity in increasing critical thinking skills for the two classes. In conclusion, PBLA is effective in increasing critical thinking skills for junior high school students
The Development of Learning Model through Video Documentary to Improve Environmental Knowledge of Coastal Residents of Palopo City, Indonesia
Authors: Asri A. , Junaid R. , Saputra S.
Published: October 2020

This study aims to develop the Environmental Learning Model (ELM) by using documentary videos to improve knowledge of coastal residents of Palopo City about mangrove, wastewater, domestic waste, and liveable house. There were two phases used in this research. The first phase examined the concept of the lesson plan, guidedbook, video material, evaluation tests, and answer sheets that were validated by the experts. In the second phase, two reviewers examined the practicality and the effectivity of the learning implementation. The validity result of the guided-book was in very valid category. The lesson plan was in very valid category, and the video material was also in the very valid category. This validation was carried out by educational expert and multimedia expert. Practicality: Two educational reviewers stated the syntax, social system, reactional principle, support system were implemented entirely. Effectivity: The learning result of environmental knowledge in the first trial was in the Medium category (47,5). And in the second trial, it improved to the High category (60,8).So, it can be stated that the development of learning model through documentary videos is valid, practical, and effective to be used in improving environmental knowledge for the coastal resident to avoid bad behaviour.
Developing a Conceptual Model of Learning Analytics in Serious Games for STEM Education
Authors: Zaki N. A. A. , Zain N. Z. M. , Noor N. A. Z. M. , Hashim H.
Published: October 2020

Utilizing serious games as teaching aid can stimulate students’ interest in learning and enhancing students’ understanding of STEM learning. The use of serious game on learning analytics for STEM learning provides assessment data to measure students’ performances and achievements of predefined learning outcomes. While numerous researches on learning analytic in serious games have been conducted, studies on their association with STEM learning are scarce. Past studies also indicate that teachers use serious games in teaching but yet to utilize serious games as assessment tools. This situation leads to the need of developing a conceptual model of learning analytics in serious games for STEM education (APPS-STEM). The conceptual model was initially developed through the focus group approach and literature review to examine the learning metrics of serious games, which is appropriate for STEM learning before being verified by experts. Based on the result from expert review, the conceptual model of APPS-STEM contains nine themes, namely effectiveness, problem-solving thinking and creativity, flexibility, key stakeholders, emotions, serious game design, curriculum profiles, learning profiles, and target user norms. This conceptual model is expected to serve as a guide for stakeholders to implement learning analytics in serious games design for STEM learning. Further study will be the development of serious game prototypes to determine the effectiveness of the APPS-STEM model in the STEM learning paradigm.
Pencegahan Korupsi Melalui Pencabutan Hak Politik Sebuah Telaah dari Perspektif Pembaruan Hukum Pidana Indonesia
Authors: Fajrin Yaris Adhial , Triwijaya Ach Faisol
Published: October 2020

Tindak pidana korupsi banyak terjadi akibat penyalahgunaan kekuasaan yang dilakukan oleh pejabat publik, diantaranya kepala daerah Upaya pemberantasan korupsi banyak dilakukan dengan preventif dan represif. Salah satu upaya preventif yang dilakukan adalah dengan memberikan larangan mantan terpidana mencalonkan diri dalam kontes pemilihan umum yang tujuannya untuk mencari pemimpin yang berkualitas. Namun pasca putusan MK Nomor 71/PUU-XIV/2016 mennggambarkan penurunan atau pelemahan pencegahan korupsi di Indonesia. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk menemkan dasar akademis pentingnya pencegahan korupsi melalui pembatasan sesorang mencalonkan diri dalam jabatan publik. Diperoleh kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu Putusan MK tersebut membuka peluang bagi mantan terpidana korupsi untuk mencalonkan diri. Sehingga sanksi pencabutan hak politik bagi terpidana korupsi yang menjalani sanksi penjara di bawah lima tahun perlu diprioritaskan untuk dijatuhkan. Sinergitas antara dua mekanisme tersebut, diperlukan guna mewujudkan cita-cita pemerintahan yang baik dan bersih, yang berkeadilan sosial. Corruption crimes occurred due to the misuse of power carried out by public officials, among them the regional head of anti-corruption efforts are carried out with preventive and repressive. One of the preventive efforts undertaken is to provide a former criminal ban to run for a general election contest whose goal is to find a qualified leader. However, after the decision of MK No. 71/PUU-XIV/2016, he described the decline or weakening of corruption prevention in Indonesia. This writing aims to accompany the academic basis of the importance of the prevention of corruption through the restriction of a person running in public office. Derived by the conclusion of this research, the COURT award opens an opportunity for former convicted corruption to run. Thus, the sanction of political Rights for criminal corruption under five years of imprisonment must be prioritized to be dropped. Synergity between the two mechanisms, necessary to realize the ideals of good and clean government, the social justice.
Metformin decreases miR-122, miR-223 and miR-29a in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Udesen Pernille Bækgaard , Glintborg Dorte , Sørensen Anja Elaine , Svendsen Rikke , Nielsen Nanna Louise Skov , Wissing Marie Louise Muff , Andersen Marianne Skovsager , Englund Anne Lis Mikkelsen , Dalgaard Louise Torp
Published: October 2020

Metformin is associated with increased insulin sensitivity, whereas oral contraceptive pills (OCP) could increase the risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Certain miRNAs might serve as biomarkers for the risk of T2D. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in circulating miRNA levels during treatment with metformin and OCP in women with PCOS. Sixty-five women with PCOS according to Rotterdam criteria were randomized to metformin (2 g/day), metformin + OCP (150 mg desogestrel + 30 µg ethinylestradiol) or OCP alone for 12 months. Serum miRNA analysis was performed with individual RT-qPCR or Taqman low density array cards of 22 selected miRNAs previously related to PCOS, glucose and/or lipid metabolism. miR-122 and miR-29a levels were decreased after treatment with metformin compared with metformin + OCP and OCP group: miR-122: log2 difference −0.7 (P = 0.01) and −0.7 (P = 0.02), miR-29a: log2 difference −0.5 (P = 0.01) and −0.4 (P = 0.04), while miR-223 levels were decreased in the metformin + OCP group after treatment: log2 difference −0.5 (P = 0.02). During the treatment period, a significant weight loss was observed in the metformin group compared with the OCP group. In the OCP group, miRNA levels were unchanged during the treatment period. Levels of circulating miRNAs associated with lipid and glucose metabolism decreased during metformin treatment. Changes in miRNA levels in the metformin group could be explained by the simultaneous weight loss in the same group. These results support the notion that metformin treatment alone may be superior for metabolic health compared with OCP.
Molecular iodine synergized and sensitized neuroblastoma cells to the antineoplastic effect of ATRA
Authors: Mendieta Irasema , Rodríguez-Gómez Gabriel , Rueda-Zarazúa Bertha , Rodríguez-Castelán Julia , Álvarez-León Winniberg , Delgado-González Evangelina , Anguiano Brenda , Vázquez-Martínez Olivia , Díaz-Muñoz Mauricio , Aceves Carmen
Published: October 2020

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common solid childhood tumor, and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is used as a treatment to decrease minimal residual disease. Molecular iodine (I2) induces differentiation and/or apoptosis in several neoplastic cells through activation of PPARγ nuclear receptors. Here, we analyzed whether the coadministration of I2 and ATRA increases the efficacy of NB treatment. ATRA-sensitive (SH-SY5Y), partially-sensitive (SK-N-BE(2)), and non-sensitive (SK-N-AS) NB cells were used to analyze the effect of I2 and ATRA in vitro and in xenografts (Foxn1 nu/nu mice), exploring actions on cellular viability, differentiation, and molecular responses. In the SH-SY5Y cells, 200 μM I2 caused a 100-fold (0.01 µM) reduction in the antiproliferative dose of ATRA and promoted neurite extension and neural marker expression (tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and tyrosine kinase receptor alpha (Trk-A)). In SK-N-AS, the I2 supplement sensitized these cells to 0.1 μM ATRA, increasing the ATRA-receptor (RARα) and PPARγ expression, and decreasing the Survivin expression. The I2 supplement increased the mitochondrial membrane potential in SK-N-AS suggesting the participation of mitochondrial-mediated mechanisms involved in the sensibilization to ATRA. In vivo, oral I2 supplementation (0.025%) synergized the antitumor effect of ATRA (1.5 mg/kg BW) and prevented side effects (body weight loss and diarrhea episodes). The immunohistochemical analysis showed that I2 supplementation decreased the intratumoral vasculature (CD34). We suggest that the I2 + ATRA combination should be studied in preclinical and clinical trials to evaluate its potential adjuvant effect in addition to conventional treatments.
Nanocomposite solar cells based on organic/inorganic (clonidine/Si) heterojunction with plasmonic Au nanoparticles
Authors: Mamykin S. , Mamontova I. , Kotova N. , Kondratenko O. , Barlas T. , Romanyuk V. , Smertenko P. P. , Roshchina N.
Published: October 2020

The peculiarities of optical and electrical properties of organic(clonidine)/inorganic(Si) heterojunction with plasmonic Au nanoparticles  have been investigated by reflection spectra, photoelectric and current-voltage characteristics measurements. Porous nanostructured surfaces of silicon wafers were obtained by the method of selective chemical etching initiated by metal (gold) nanoparticles. Nanocomposites based on nanostructured silicon, clonidine and gold nanoparticles have been made. Two types of structure, namely, solar cells and photodiodes on the basis of such heterojunction were analysed. The reflection spectra of light confirmed the excitation of the plasmon mode in nanocomposites with gold nanoparticles. Photoelectric studies have shown an increase of the photocurrent of solar cells obtained as a result of using both nanostructured silicon and gold nanoparticles in 1.5 and 7 times, respectively. Study of the injection properties of the structures showed that the clonidine layer always facilitates the injection of current carriers, while gold nanoparticles limit the current in the case of a flat surface.
Electrical properties of composites based on nanoporous carbon material
Authors: Budzulyak I. M. , Kolkovskyi P. I. , Rachiy B. I. , Kolkovskyi M. I. , Revo S. L. , Musiy R. Y. , Gamarnyk A. M. , Hrubiak A. B.
Published: October 2020

In this work, the morphological and electrical properties of the composite nanoporous carbon material/thermally expanded graphite or acetylene black have been investigated. Nanoporous carbon material was obtained from plant materials by its thermochemical activation based on potassium hydroxide. The dependence of the specific capacity of the nanoporous carbon/electrolyte electrochemical system on the applied potential was determined by the impedance spectroscopy method. Furthermore, the concentration of charge transfer and the density of states, as well as the flat-band potential of the system under research, were determined based on the Mott-Schottky model.
Nickel substituted effect of on structural, Mössbauer and dielectric properties of spinel-type lithium ferrites
Authors: Mazurenko Ju.
Published: October 2020

Ni-substituted lithium ferrite Li0.5-x/2NixFe2.5-x/2O4, where (х=0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) synthesized through sol-gel auto-combustion method was investigated for its structural, Mossbauer, and dielectric properties. At low doses of substitution, two spinels of the same composition coexist in the structure, one of spatial group P4332, so-called spinel with superstructure, in which the iron and lithium ions are arranged along the crystallographic direction <110> and the other is a spatial group Fd3m, random spinel. The presence of both spinels is observed at low content of the doped element (x = 0.2 and 0.4). In case of increase Ni2+ ions, random component disappears and only the ordered phase remains. The particle sizes of the synthesized product are around 22-45 nm. According to the proposed cationic distribution of Nickel ions are localized in the A-site and lithium ions in the B-site. Iron ions are redistributed over both sites at a ratio of about 1:2. It is shown, that the conductive and dielectric properties of the synthesized powders have a frequency dependence characteristic of ferrite materials, the behavior of which is explained based on the hopping mechanism of conductivity and inter-grain polarization.
Methods of Titanium Dioxide Synthesis (Review)
Authors: Mironyuk I. F. , Soltys L. M. , Tatarchuk T. R. , Savka Kh. O.
Published: October 2020

TiO2-based nanomaterials are attracting much attention in many areas, such as photocatalysis, photoelectricity, probing, electrochromism, photochromism, etc. They are widely used in paints, polymers, sunscreens, and toothpaste. There are various ways of synthesis that affect the size, shape, and crystallinity of TiO2 nanoparticles. The main methods of obtaining titanium dioxide (with the structure of anatase, rutile or brookite) in the form of spheres, rods, fibers, and tubes include: sol-gel technology, hydrothermal and solvothermal methods, microwave method involving high-frequency electromagnetic waves, template method, electrodeposition, a sonochemical method using ultrasound, chemical and physical vapor deposition, "green" methods, etc. This literature review presents modern scientific results on the production of TiO2 nanoparticles by various methods.