bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classical RAS proteins are not essential for paradoxical ERK activation induced by RAF inhibitors
Authors: Lai Lick Pui , Fer Nicole , Burgan William , Wall Vanessa E. , Xu Bingfang , Soppet Daniel , Esposito Dominic , Nissley Dwight V. , McCormick Frank
Published: January 2022

Significance

RAF inhibitors unexpectedly induce ERK activation in normal and oncogenic RAS tumor cells, making them unsuitable for treating RAS-driven cancers. The precise mechanism of this paradox is not fully understood but is believed to be RAS dependent. In this study, we discovered that classical RAS proteins are not essential for RAF inhibitor-induced ERK activation in H/N/KRAS-less mouse embryonic fibroblasts. We further showed that the MRAS/SHOC2 complex is required for the classical RAS-independent paradoxical ERK activation. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanism of paradoxical ERK activation by RAF inhibitors, and they have important therapeutic implications for developing effective RAF inhibitors.
Karyopherin enrichment and compensation fortifies the nuclear pore complex against nucleocytoplasmic leakage
Authors: Kalita Joanna , Kapinos Larisa E. , Zheng Tiantian , Rencurel Chantal , Zilman Anton , Lim Roderick Y.H.
Published: January 2022

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) discriminate nonspecific macromolecules from importin and exportin receptors, collectively termed “karyopherins” (Kaps), that mediate nucleocytoplasmic transport. This selective barrier function is attributed to the behavior of intrinsically disordered phenylalanine-glycine nucleoporins (FG Nups) that guard the NPC channel. However, NPCs in vivo are typically enriched with different Kaps, and how they impact the NPC barrier remains unknown. Here, we show that two major Kaps, importinβ1/karyopherinβ1 (Kapβ1) and exportin 1/chromosomal maintenance 1 (CRM1), are required to fortify NPC barrier function in vivo. Their enrichment at the NPC is sustained by promiscuous binding interactions with the FG Nups, which enable CRM1 to compensate for the loss of Kapβ1 as a means to maintain NPC barrier function. However, such a compensatory mechanism is constrained by the cellular abundances and different binding kinetics for each respective Kap, as evidenced for importin-5. Consequently, we find that NPC malfunction and nucleocytoplasmic leakage result from poor Kap enrichment.
TIRAP drives myelosuppression through an Ifnγ–Hmgb1 axis that disrupts the endothelial niche in mice
Authors: Gopal Aparna , Ibrahim Rawa , Fuller Megan , Umlandt Patricia , Parker Jeremy , Tran Jessica , Chang Linda , Wegrzyn-Woltosz Joanna , Lam Jeffrey , Li Jenny , Lu Melody , Karsan Aly
Published: January 2022

Inflammation is associated with bone marrow failure syndromes, but how specific molecules impact the bone marrow microenvironment is not well elucidated. We report a novel role for the miR-145 target, Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain containing adaptor protein (TIRAP), in driving bone marrow failure. We show that TIRAP is overexpressed in various types of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and suppresses all three major hematopoietic lineages. TIRAP expression promotes up-regulation of Ifnγ, leading to myelosuppression through Ifnγ-Ifnγr–mediated release of the alarmin, Hmgb1, which disrupts the bone marrow endothelial niche. Deletion of Ifnγ blocks Hmgb1 release and is sufficient to reverse the endothelial defect and restore myelopoiesis. Contrary to current dogma, TIRAP-activated Ifnγ-driven bone marrow suppression is independent of T cell function or pyroptosis. In the absence of Ifnγ, TIRAP drives myeloproliferation, implicating Ifnγ in suppressing the transformation of MDS to acute leukemia. These findings reveal novel, noncanonical roles of TIRAP, Hmgb1, and Ifnγ in the bone marrow microenvironment and provide insight into the pathophysiology of preleukemic syndromes.
Junctophilins 1, 2, and 3 all support voltage-induced Ca2+ release despite considerable divergence
Authors: Perni Stefano , Beam Kurt
Published: January 2022

In skeletal muscle, depolarization of the plasma membrane (PM) causes conformational changes of the calcium channel CaV1.1 that then activate RYR1 to release calcium from the SR. Being independent of extracellular calcium entry, this process is termed voltage-induced calcium release. In skeletal muscle, junctophilins (JPHs) 1 and 2 form the SR–PM junctions at which voltage-induced calcium release occurs. Previous work demonstrated that JPH2 is able to recapitulate voltage-induced calcium release when expressed in HEK293 cells together with CaV1.1, β1a, Stac3, and RYR1. However, it is unknown whether JPH1 and the more distantly related neuronal JPH3 and JPH4 might also function in this manner, a question of interest because different JPH isoforms diverge in their interactions with RYR1. Here, we show that, like JPH2, JPH1 and JPH3, coexpressed with CaV1.1, β1a, Stac3, and RYR1 in HEK293 cells, cause colocalization of CaV1.1 and RYR1 at ER–PM junctions. Furthermore, potassium depolarization elicited cytoplasmic calcium transients in cells in which WT CaV1.1 was replaced with the calcium impermeant mutant CaV1.1(N617D), indicating that JPH1, JPH2, and JPH3 can all support voltage-induced calcium release, despite sequence divergence and differences in interaction with RYR1. Conversely, JPH4-induced ER–PM junctions contain CaV1.1 but not RYR1, and cells expressing JPH4 are unable to produce depolarization-induced calcium transients. Thus, JPHs seem to act primarily to form ER–PM junctions and to recruit the necessary signaling proteins to these junctions but appear not to be directly involved in the functional interactions between these proteins.
The 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet theory of gravity: a review
Authors: Fernandes Pedro G S , Carrilho Pedro , Clifton Timothy , Mulryne David J
Published: January 2022

We review the topic of 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet (4DEGB) gravity, which has been the subject of considerable interest over the past two years. Our review begins with a general introduction to Lovelock’s theorem, and the subject of Gauss–Bonnet terms in the action for gravity. These areas are of fundamental importance for understanding modified theories of gravity, and inform our subsequent discussion of recent attempts to include the effects of a Gauss–Bonnet term in four space–time dimensions by re-scaling the appropriate coupling parameter. We discuss the mathematical complexities involved in implementing this idea, and review recent attempts at constructing well-defined, self-consistent theories that enact it. We then move on to consider the gravitational physics that results from these theories, in the context of black holes, cosmology, and weak-field gravity. We show that 4DEGB gravity exhibits a number of interesting phenomena in each of these areas.
The influences of shielding gas and quartz tube on discharge properties and reactive species productions of nanosecond pulsed gas–liquid discharge
Authors: Liang Jian Ping , Zhao Zi Lu , Zhou Xiong Feng , Yuan Hao , Wang Hong Li , Wang Wen Chun , Yang De Zheng
Published: January 2022

In this paper, shielding gas (He) and shielding quartz tube (straight tube and conical tube) is added to nanosecond pulsed He gas–liquid discharge (G-LD) to limit the air diffusion into plasma, and for the purposes of enhancing the plasma volume and productions of ċOH and H2O2. The plasma properties, including current–voltage waveforms, the temporal-resolved discharge images, optical emission spectra, gas temperature, electron density, and the ċOH and H2O2 productions are analyzed and compared among different discharges generated under the cases of no shielding, shielding He gas, shielding straight tube, and shielding conical tube. The results show that adding extra shielding gas and tubes in the discharge reactor can decrease the gas temperature and electron density, but enhance the plasma volume and area of plasma-liquid interface in comparison with no shielding case. Besides, the addition of shielding gas has the most benefit for enhancing the productions of ċOH and H2O2 produced by G-LD. Adding a shielding conical tube slows down the decrease extent of ċOH and H2O2 productions caused by increasing discharge gap. When the discharge gap excesses 6 mm, adding a shielding conical quartz also has an obvious increase effect on the production of ċOH and H2O2 in compared with no shielding case. While adding a shielding straight tube with small diameter has a little effect on H2O2 production, even a negative effect on ċOH production.
Optical non-reciprocity with multiple modes in the visible range based on a hybrid metallic nanowaveguide
Authors: Cheng Yuqing , Zhai Kunpeng , Zhu Ninghua , Sun Mengtao
Published: January 2022

Optical non-reciprocity is a significant property in numerous applications, ranging from optical telecommunications and optical signal processing to integrated photonics and quantum networks. Here, we theoretically demonstrate passive optical non-reciprocity with multiple modes in the visible range, employing a simple hybrid plasmonic nanostructure, which consists of a metallic cavity waveguide with two groups of gratings on both sides (ports). This structure illustrates high isolation ratios for these modes with values of around 10–30 dB. The maximum isolation ratio is close to 30 dB at the wavelength of 548 nm with the bandwidth of 16 nm. Furthermore, the intensity of the electric field localized inside the waveguide is highly enhanced by about 1 order of magnitude for these resonant modes. Our work presents a novel way for realizing optical non-reciprocity with multiple modes in the visible range, which is helpful forassociated applications.
The generalized continuous multiple step (GCMS) potential: model systems and benchmarks
Authors: Munguía-Valadez Jorge , Chávez-Rojo Marco Antonio , Sambriski Edward John , Moreno-Razo José Antonio
Published: January 2022

The generalized continuous multiple step (GCMS) potential is presented in this work. Its flexible form allows for repulsive and/or attractive contributions to be encoded through adjustable energy and length scales. The GCMS interaction provides a continuous representation of square-well, square-shoulder potentials and their variants for implementation in computer simulations. A continuous and differentiable energy representation is required to derive forces in conventional simulation algorithms. Molecular dynamics simulations are of particular interest when considering the dynamic properties of a system. The GCMS potential can mimic other interactions with a judicious choice of parameters due to the versatile sigmoid form. In this study, our benchmarks for the GCMS representation include triangular, Yukawa, Franzese, and Lennard-Jones potentials. Comparisons made with published data on volumetric phase diagrams, liquid structure, and diffusivity from model systems are in excellent agreement.
Inhomogeneous linear responses and transport in armchair graphene nanoribbons in the presence of elastic scattering
Authors: Bahrami Mousa , Vasilopoulos Panagiotis
Published: January 2022

Within linear-response theory we derive a response function that thoroughly accounts for the influence of elastic scattering and is valid beyond the long-wavelength limit. We use the theory to evaluate the polarization function and the conductivity in metallic armchair graphene nanoribbons in the Lindhard approximation for intra-band and inter-band transitions and for a relaxation time τ that is not constant. We obtain a logarithmic behaviour in the scattering-independent polarization function not only for intra-band transitions, as is usually the case for one-dimensional systems, but also for inter-band transitions. Modifying the screening wave vector and the impurity density in the long-wavelength limit strongly influences the relaxation time. In contrast, for large wave vectors, this modification leads to a conservative value of τ . We show that the imaginary part of the impurity-dependent conductivity varies with the wave vector while its scattering-independent part exists only for a single value of the wave vector.
Controlled decoration of nanoceria on the surface of MoS2 nanoflowers to improve the biodegradability and biocompatibility in Drosophila melanogaster model
Authors: Murugan Chandran , Sundararajan Vignesh , Mohideen Sahabudeen Sheik , Sundaramurthy Anandhakumar
Published: January 2022

In recent years, nanozymes based on two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have been receiving great interest for cancer photothermal therapy. 2D materials decorated with nanoparticles (NPs) on their surface are advantageous over conventional NPs and 2D material based systems because of their ability to synergistically improve the unique properties of both NPs and 2D materials. In this work, we report a nanozyme based on flower-like MoS2 nanoflakes (NFs) by decorating their flower petals with NCeO2 using polyethylenimine (PEI) as a linker molecule. A detailed investigation on toxicity, biocompatibility and degradation behavior of fabricated nanozymes in wild-type Drosophila melanogaster model revealed that there were no significant effects on the larval size, morphology, larval length, breadth and no time delay in changing larvae to the third instar stage at 7–10 d for MoS2 NFs before and after NCeO2 decoration. The muscle contraction and locomotion behavior of third instar larvae exhibited high distance coverage for NCeO2 decorated MoS2 NFs when compared to bare MoS2 NFs and control groups. Notably, the MoS2 and NCeO2-PEI-MoS2 NFs treated groups at 100 μg ml−1 covered a distance of 38.2 mm (19.4% increase when compared with control) and 49.88 mm (no change when compared with control), respectively. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy investigations on the new born fly gut showed that the NCeO2 decoration improved the degradation rate of MoS2 NFs. Hence, nanozymes reported here have huge potential in various fields ranging from biosensing, cancer therapy and theranostics to tissue engineering and the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and retinal therapy.
Temperature-dependent dielectric properties of CsPb2Br5: a 2D inorganic halide perovskite
Authors: Sahoo Aditi , Paul Tufan , Maiti Soumen , Banerjee Rupak
Published: January 2022

Two dimensional (2D) CsPb2Br5 have been successfully synthesized via the chemical precipitation method. Detailed structural, morphological, optical, and dielectric studies of these materials have been performed. These 2D CsPb2Br5 plates (of thickness around 200–300 nm) are ascribed to a tetragonal lattice system with I4/mcm space group. The dielectric attributes such as dielectric constant, electrical modulus, loss factor, and the DC, and AC conductivities, are observed to be varying appreciably with temperature over an extensive frequency window of 10 Hz–50 MHz. The Nyquist plots are investigated using the Maxwell–Wagner equivalent circuit model, which shows the impact of grains and grain boundaries on the overall impedance. Both the free charge conductivity and space charge increase with an increment in temperature, as revealed from the modified Cole–Cole plot. The relaxation time and relaxation mechanism of 2D CsPb2Br5 are estimated using the Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts equation. Variation in DC conductivity and relaxation time, as a function of temperature, closely resembles Arrhenius’ behavior. Value of activation energy calculated from the DC conductivity corroborates with the same derived from relaxation time. The observation of high dielectric constant and nominal dielectric loss for CsPb2Br5 perovskite offers enormous potential in energy harvesting and storage devices.
Proposal for measuring out-of-time-ordered correlators at finite temperature with coupled spin chains
Authors: Sundar Bhuvanesh , Elben Andreas , Joshi Lata Kh , Zache Torsten V
Published: January 2022

Information scrambling, which is the spread of local information through a system’s many-body degrees of freedom, is an intrinsic feature of many-body dynamics. In quantum systems, the out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC) quantifies information scrambling. Motivated by experiments that have measured the OTOC at infinite temperature and a theory proposal to measure the OTOC at finite temperature using the thermofield double state, we describe a protocol to measure the OTOC in a finite temperature spin chain that is realized approximately as one half of the ground state of two moderately-sized coupled spin chains. We consider a spin Hamiltonian with particle–hole symmetry, for which we show that the OTOC can be measured without needing sign-reversal of the Hamiltonian. We describe a protocol to mitigate errors in the estimated OTOC, arising from the finite approximation of the system to the thermofield double state. We show that our protocol is also robust to main sources of decoherence in experiments.
Variation of quantum speed limit under Markovian and non-Markovian noisy environment
Authors: Awasthi Natasha , Dheeraj Kumar Joshi , Sachdev Surbhi
Published: January 2022

The time required for a given quantum system to evolve is known as the quantum speed limit (QSL), which can be used to characterize the speed of evolution of a quantum system. We study QSL time for Markovian and non-Markovian dynamics. Investigating the effect of QSL under non-unitary evolution is of fundamental interest. In this work, we derive QSL time for maximally entangled state and apply its results under various noise channels. We discuss measure of QSL, how correlations affect the rate of QSL. Further, we carried an investigation on connection between non-Markovianity and QSL. We show that the non Markovian evolution can speed up quantum evolution, therefore lead to smaller QSL time. We have established the connections between correlated channels, information loss and non-Markovianity. This theory may suggest some further connections to retrieve back information from surrounding and preserves decoherence.
Development of Timor local red peanut with multi gamma irradiation technique for obtaining several superior mutant cultivars that tolerant of drought stress, disease pests, and high production
Authors: Pasangka B , Refli  , Wahid A , Pasangka I G
Published: January 2022

The main problem studied in this research is the development of local Timor red peanuts using multigamma irradiation. This study aims to develop local Timo red peanut varieties through breeding using standard multi-gamma irradiation and careful selection to obtain superior mutant cultivars. Research methods include: irradiation, observation, sampling, selection, purification, comparative, and interpretation. The results obtained: The development of local Timor red peanuts varieties through breeding with multigamma irradiation techniques and careful selection resulted in superior mutant cultivars that could adapt to several abiotic and biotic conditions and significantly increased production. The use of multigamma irradiation in the development of local Timor red peanuts resulted in three varieties of selected high yielding mutant varieties with relatively similar production and significantly increased compared to the parent variety. The average total percentage increase in production for the three varieties of selected high yielding mutant varieties resulting from multigamma irradiation was 49.16% with an average total dry seed moisture content of 11.07%.
The effect of brain-based learning on student’ mathematical communication ability viewed from creativities in the thematic subjects of science physics - mathematics
Authors: Syahrir  , Prayogi S
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of Brain Based Learning on students’ mathematical communication ability viewed from creativities, in the thematic subjects of science physics - mathematics. The research was carried out at SDN Pantai Harapan Jaya 01, Muara Gembong District, using experimental research on treatment with a level 2 x 2 design. The results showed that:(1) the mathematical communication ability of students who are given brain-based learning treatment is higher than students who use expository, (2) there is an interaction of learning models with creativity on students’ mathematical communication ability, (3) students’ mathematical communication ability with brain-based learning are morehigher than expository, this is for students who have high creativity, and (4) there is no difference in mathematical communication ability with brain based learning and expository treatment between students who have low creativity.
The process of making BaM (BaFe12O19) samples based on natural iron sand doped with metal (Co-Cu-Zn) using the coprecipitation method
Authors: Fatimah Z , Susilawati  , Doyan A
Published: January 2022

BaCO3 with natural iron sand is the basic material for making samples of Barium M-Hexaferrite (BaM) which is doped to make the utilization of BaM more effective by adding metal ions that have almost the same size as cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), and Zinc (Zn) and using the coprecipitation method. The process of making Barium M-hexaferrite is carried out in the advanced and basic chemistry laboratory, FMIPA University of Mataram. In this study, variations in concentration and temperature variations during the calcination process were used, namely (x = 0.0; 0.4; 0.8; 1.0) (T = 200; 600; and 1000 °C). These variations greatly affect the sample, where the greater the concentration and temperature of calcination, the color produced in the sample will be darker and this is by the purpose of the calcination process carried out, namely the greater the temperature at the time of calcination, the more water content in the sample will be. reduced because the solvent in the sample evaporation occurs. In addition to these materials, the solvent used also plays an important role in the sample-making process, namely using HCl37% to dissolve, NH4OH 65% so that the deposition process is faster and aquades as a neutralizer.
Structure and optical properties of Titanium Dioxide thin film with mixed Fluorine and Indium doping for solar cell components
Authors: Doyan A , Susilawati  , Mahardika I K , Rizaldi D R , Fatimah Z
Published: January 2022

Research has been carried out in the form of the synthesis of a thin film of Titanium Dioxide with a mixture of Fluorine and Indium doping. The purpose of this research is to obtain the characteristics of a thin filmphotocatalyst with a crystal structure and optical properties that can be applied to solar cell components. This research was carried out in two stages, namely the synthesis stage and the thin filmcharacterization stage. The TiO2thin film synthesis stage is through the substrate preparation process, sol-gel solution preparation, thin film deposition, and heating process, while the thin-film characterization stage uses X-Rays Diffraction (XRD) to identify crystal properties and UV-VisSpectrophotometer to determine optical properties of a thin film of TiO2and TiO2:(F+In). Based on data analysis and discussion, XRD test results showed that the thin film of TiO2:(F+In) has an Anatase phase with a tetragonal shape, and has an average crystal size that is getting smaller from 23.14 to 12.17 nm. Based on the results of research, data analysis, and discussion, it was found that the sample of TiO2: (F+In) has characteristics that can be used as materials in the development of solar cell components. These characteristics are like 1). havenano-sized particles, 2). have a low transmittance value and high absorbance in absorbing sunlight, and 3). have a low activation energy and energy gap (direct and indirect).
Development of digital handout of quantum mechanics no spin and quantum mechanics with spin using professional pdf flip app
Authors: Nurvita D , Akhsan H , Muslim M , Ariska M
Published: January 2022

This study aims to produce a digital handout on the subject of mechanics quantum mechanics without spins and quantum mechanics with spins are valid and practical. Development This digital handout uses a combination of Rowntree’s development model and evaluation model Tessmer formative. The Rowntree development model consists of three stages, namely: planning, development and evaluation. The evaluation stage consists of four stages, namely: self evaluation, expert review, one-to-one evaluation, small group evaluation. Technique data collection in this study using walkthroughs and questionnaires. Research subject This is a student who has taken the introductory quantum physics class of class 2017 Indralaya class for the Physics Education Study Program, Sriwijaya University. Obtained the average scorethe average that meets the very valid category with a score on the content aspect of 4.92, the design aspect 4.46, and the language aspect 4.5. And meet the very practical category with an average score of 4.43at the one-to-one evaluation stage and 4.52 at the small group evaluation stage.
The effect of reciprocal teaching-learning model on the mastery of physics concepts and creativity of senior high school
Authors: Sandopa A , Doyan A , ‘Ardhuha J
Published: January 2022

This research form to preposition examines the effect of the reciprocal teachinglearning model on the mastery of physics concepts and the creativity of students. This type of research is a quasi-experiment with a non-equivalent control group design. The independent variable of this study is the reciprocal teaching-learning model, while the dependent variable is mastery of physics concepts and creativity. The research population was all students of XI MIA MAN 2 Mataram. The sampling technique of this research uses purposive sampling so that there are two classes is XI MIA 1 as the experimental class and XI MIA 2 as the control class. The experimental class was given treatment using the reciprocal teaching-learning model and the control class was given treatment in the form of a conventional learning model. The instrument used to measure students ‘mastery of physics concepts was 10 multiple choice questions, while the instrument used to measure students’ creativity was in the form of 5 items in the description. Hypothesis testing of this research is MANOVA. The result of the MANOVA test shows a significant 0,00 so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The results of the study using reciprocal teaching-learning models showed that the value of mastery of students’ physical concepts increased from 37.67 to 83.67 and the creativity of learners increased from 38.83 to 63.83.
Natural disaster mitigation using geophysical methods
Authors: Susilo A , Sunaryo  , Suryo E A , Rachmawati T , Rosyid S
Published: January 2022

The research has been carried out about natural disasters (landslides, ground motion, drought) using geophysical methods. This research was conducted in several places, in East Java, i.e. land slides and ground motion occurred in Malang and Blitar areas and drought occurred in theTulungagung and Malang areas. This research uses resistivity and self-potential. The active method is resistivity, which means that an electric current is injected into the earth, after which the resulting potential difference is recorded, then processed. Self-potential and geomagnetic methods, are passive methods. In the self-potential method, the potential difference that occurs between two points, which have a certain distance, is recorded (the middle between those two points becomes a point measurement). The data of several points of measurement, that have been made within a certain distance, then is processed for determining underground river tracing. The equipment used is the OYO Mac Ohm resistivity meter. The results obtained are, an artesian well in the Tulungagung area, at a depth of 108 m, an indication of new faults in the Blitar area, and ground motion cracks in the Malang area.
Development of physics module based high order thinking skill (HOTS) to improve student’s critical thinking
Authors: Marnah Y , Suharno  , Sukarmin
Published: January 2022

Physics learning activities implemented in high school have not directed students to think critically and still tend to be teacher-centered. This results in students not being able to develop critical thinking skills to solve problems that involve reasoning in learning activities. The purpose of this study was to develop a product in the form of a physics module based on High Order Thinking Skills to improve critical thinking skills in student learning outcomes. The research and development method used is Research And Development (R&D). The research and development model uses a 4D Thiagarajan model with the research stages of defining, designing, developing, and distributing. The subjects in this study were students of class XI SMA. The technique of collecting research data is using a questionnaire and test questions Pre-Test-Post-Test. The results showed that the development of physics modules based on High Order Thinking Skills which was developed in class XI students increased by 71%, so that the development of physics modules had a significant effect on students’ critical thinking skills in the learning process on student learning outcomes.
Non-contact technique for CO2 gas monitoring using thermal imaging camera
Authors: Salamah U , Sakti S P , Soetedjo H , Naba A
Published: January 2022

CO2 gas is a poisonous gas that is invisible and odorless. Now days, the CO2 gas detection system uses the direct contact (in situ) method with the gas to identify its existance and quanities. The further determination is being carried out in the laboratories. This method is ineffective and inefficient because of some unpractical procedures as in the real situation collecting the gas could be dangerous. Therefore the development of a non-contact detection system will be important and challenging wor. One method of developing a non-contact gas detection system is using the Optical Gas Imaging (OGI) method. In this paper, a non-contact CO2 gas measurement system has been designed based on infrared absorption using an infrared thermal camera. The experiment is carried out on a laboratory scale with three main components of an infrared light source, a gas source and a detector. From the results, unique pattern of gas of CO2 coudl be distinguised from the open air and also mixed gas through the equalized histogram.
Initial evaluation of land use potential using geospatial analysis at Sendang Biru Beach, Malang Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Wahid A , Sunaryo  , Susilo A , Wiyono
Published: January 2022

The use of ArcGIS for geospatial analysis is vital as the first step in earth research. The research focused on Sendang Biru Beach, Tambak Rejo Village, Malang Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. Based on the analysis of topographic, geological, and land use data, Sendang Biru Beach is located in a basin to a hill with an average height of 125 masl. Geologically, it is located in the Wonosari Formation, flanked by the Qas (swamp and river deposits) and the Tomm (Mandalika Formation). Furthermore, land use is dominated by dry forests. The basin is used for plantations, settlements, and scattered fields and has a karst aquifer flowing all year round, including springs that have diffuse and fissure channel types. The water quality in the area is still within normal limits, has not experienced contamination of seawater intrusion. Sendang Biru Beach Land in Tambak Rejo Village, the ideal development is directed at Fisheries and Coastal Tourism, supported by the presence of extensive dry forest land, karst aquifer resources, and the existence of Sempu Island as a nature reserve.
Preparation and characterization of CTAB surfactant modified TiO2 nanoparticles as antibacterial fabric coating material
Authors: Bukit B F , Frida E , Humaidi S , Sinuhaji P
Published: January 2022

TiO2 preparation has been carried out with the addition of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant. The sol-gel method is used in the preparation of TiO2, where TiCl4 is used as a precursor. The resulting TiO2 was characterized using XRD, FTIR, XRF and SEM. XRD results show the crystal size of TiO2 17.75 nm with the rutile phase. The FTIR results show a broad absorption band between 800 and 400 cm−1 by Ti–O vibrations in the crystal lattice. The XRF results showed that the TiO2 content was 80.80%. Morphological results showed an irregular ball-like structure that was less aggregated. The characterization results show that TiO2 can be used as a coating on fabrics with antibacterial properties.
Synthesis of Polydimethylsiloxane with hydrolysis and condensation methods using monomer of Dichlorodimethylsilane as vitreous humour substitute
Authors: Fauziah U , Sandi D , Arini V F , Aulia D G , Setiadji S , Fitrilawati  , Risdiana
Published: January 2022

Vitreous humour is a fluid in the eye socket, that can be disturbed due to changes in its chemical or physical structure. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) that also known as a silicone oil is a liquid that is commonly used as a substitute for vitreous humour in vitreoretinal surgery. PDMS can be synthesized from the monomer of Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4). However, in Indonesia, it is still difficult to obtain D4 monomer, so an alternative is needed. In this study, a synthesis of PDMS was carried out using the monomer precursor Dichlorodimethylsilane (DCMS) through a hydrolysis method under alkaline conditions using potassium hydroxide (KOH). Then the monomer obtained from the hydrolysis process was self-polymerized by aging to form a polymer gel. The concentration of KOH was varied at 0.5, 0.6 and 1 molar. The synthesized PDMS gel have viscosity values of 0.57, 1.53 and 4.49 Pa.s, density values of 0.986, 1.004, and 1.005 g/mL, refractive index in the range of 1.4001-1.4012, and surface tension in the range 19-21 mN/m. Those values of synthesized PDMS are similar to properties of commercial PDMS. We obtained that PDMS sample that synthesized using 1 M KOH shows the fastest polymerization time.
Analysis of physics learning needs due to the covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Sudarsana W , Sarwanto  , Marzuki A
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine the need for learning physics due to the covid-19 pandemic. This type of research is a preliminary study with a descriptive approach and the instrument used is a questionnaire. The research subjects were 30 high school teachers consisting of 30 schools in two provinces of East Java and Central Sulawesi. The data analysis of this research is descriptive qualitative obtained based on the teacher’s answers. This study shows that several learning components influence overcoming learning problems during the COVID-19 pandemic, namely technological developments, learning models, and learning media. This study concludes that it is necessary to develop physics learning devices as an alternative to learning during the covid-19 pandemic.
Development of an ethnophysic-based module in the Mandailing Tribe, West Pasaman Regency as science teaching materials
Authors: Walid A , Oktaria S D , Putra R E , Nipriansyah  , Susanto E
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study is to develop ethnosains learning modules that are feasible and practical for use after being validated by several experts and responded by several teachers and students. The research method uses the Borg & Gall development model which consists of 8 stages, namely a preliminary study stage, a research planning stage, a design development stage, an initial trial phase, an initial product revision, a limited field test, a revised stage of the results of a limited field test, and a product stage end. This research is limited to the limited field trial stage namely the feasibility and practicality of the module. The instrument used was a questionnaire for module eligibility and student and teacher response questionnaires to test the practicality of the module. Data from the analysis of the questionnaire by calculating the percentage of achievement in each component of the percentage of achievement criteria of eligibility and practicality of science learning modules based on ethnics that was developed. Ethnographic-based science learning modules developed were declared feasible to be used with a percentage of 90.00% (linguists), 88.00% (material experts), 96.00% (design / media experts) with the very feasible, feasible, and very feasible and the percentage of eligibility of 3 colleagues is 91.46%. Practical to use with the response percentage of 10 students 84.83% (very practical category), and the response of 2 science teachers with a percentage of 93.40% (very practical category). Practical to use with the response percentage a total average of 10 students namely 84.83% are in the interval of 80% ≤ PRM ≤ 100%. And based on the teacher’s questionnaire response that is 93.40% which is included in the category of very practical From the results of these data it can be concluded that the module has been feasible and practical to be used as teaching material in supporting the teaching and learning process on the material interaction of living things with their environment.
Innovation of simple binoculars as a teaching aid for optical practicum at school
Authors: Azhar  , Fuadi H , Doyan A , Susilawati  , Ayub S , Hudha L S
Published: January 2022

Learning aids are tools used by teachers in learning and prevent verbalization in students. The purpose of this research is to make simple earth telescopes as visual aids for optical practicum in schools. The method used is the experimental method, namely analyzing, designing, making and testing the props made. The subjects of the research were 17 students of physics education FKIP University of Mataram. The binoculars test saw the object of letters and writing with the font Times New Roman 350 at a distance of 50 meters and 100 meters. The results showed that the object was clearly visible with the satisfaction level of using the teaching aids a score of 3.71 the criteria were satisfied and suitable for use. The use of simple earth telescopes is suitable for use in optical practicums in schools. Teachers are expected to be able to create and develop teaching aids to improve students’ understanding of concepts.
Digital thermometer innovation as a body temperature measuring tool for FKIP Mataram university employees during the covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Fuadi H , Susilawati  , Doyan A , Taufik M , Azhar  , Hudha L S
Published: January 2022

The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic requires that every employee in a university maintains his health. One of the most important body parts to maintain during this pandemic is body temperature. The purpose of this study was to develop a non-contact digital thermometer to measure the body temperature of FKIP employees, Mataram University. The digital thermometer development method starts from literature studies, tool specifications, hardware design, software design and thermometer testing to measure employee body temperature in the morning and afternoon. The results of the digital thermometer test showed that the employee’s body temperature in the morning with an average of 33.36 °C and in the afternoon with an average of 33.96 °C. So it can be concluded that the Mataram University FKIP employees who came to work did not experience Covid-19 symptoms.
Analysis of creeping avalanche velocity using physics of landslide approach
Authors: Souisa M , Sapulete S M , Labok A
Published: January 2022

Creeping landslides are natural disasters and social disasters that often occur in the world. One of the main factors causing slope failure is rainfall and earthquakes. In this study, the constitutive model is described and analyzed for termite drift using the physics of landslide approach to deal with geomorphic changes as triggers for ground motion. The constitutive behavior of the soil-rock cover of the slope is characterized along a planar or curved slip plane and consists of different soil properties with different slope strength parameters. The morphology along the slip plane of the creeping soil is studied and analyzed to estimate the mass movement of the creeping landslide before being inhabited by rainwater and inhabited by rainwater. Calculation of the maximum velocity and runout time using the parameters of the slope geometry. The analysis shows that the geometry of the soil creeping plane on the slope and the different slope angles of the slip plane affect the velocity and runout time of the creeping landslide.
Geophysical Investigation and Geochemical Study of Sediment along the Coastal Area in Kota Belud Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Musta B , Asat M A , Ling S Y , Saleh H
Published: January 2022

This article discusses the geophysical investigation of sediment and the status of heavy metals pollution in the coastal sediment from Usukan Beach, Kota Belud Sabah Malaysia. Study area is located at the northwest coast of Sabah which is bounded by the South China Sea and made up of Crocker Formation which age from Late Eocene to Early Miocene, Wariu Formation with Middle Miocene age and Quaternary Alluvium. This study using geoelectrical method namely electrical resistivity (IR) and induced polarization (IP) to measure the thickness of sediment and the parent rock lithology respectively. Whereas the heavy metal contents were measured using the Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP- OES). Three sets of subsurface cross-sections were conducted for the geophysical survey and covered the depth around 37 meters for all the survey line. The result of geophysical survey shows that the alluvium quaternary deposits in the low-lying flat area have a thickness up to 13 metres and overlie the mudstone dominated rock of the Crocker Formation. The geochemical analysis shows a decreasing ranking order of elemental concentrations Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>Pb>Cr>As. The analyses show all elements are within the background values and acceptable standard limits of the Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQG) by USEPA for coastal sediments. The assessment of heavy metals revealed only minimal degree of pollution in the coastal sediments.
Development of length expansion temperature detector based on arduino uno
Authors: Azhar  , Siswadi  , Doyan A , Susilawati  , Taufik M , Hudha L S
Published: January 2022

Length expansion is an increase in the length of an object due to receiving heat. If a solid object is heated then the object will expand in all directions, in other words the length increases the length of an object because it receives heat. A tool for comparing the length expansion of various metals is the Musschenbrock. To measure the temperature of an object can use a sensor. The sensor used in this research is the LM 35 based on Arduino Uno. The development method for this Length expansion tool temperature detector starts from tool design, hardware design, software design, tool calibration and tool testing. From the results of research using an Arduino Uno-based temperature detector, it can be said that this research was successful because the values obtained were almost the same as the existing theory. So, this detector is suitable for use in laboratories or schools as a learning medium to determine the length expansion of metals.
The use of causalitic learning model to encourage abilities of problem solving and creative thinking in momentum and impulse
Authors: Rokhmat J , Gunada I W , Ayub S , Hikmawati  , Wulandari T
Published: January 2022

This study aims to test the use of a causalitic-learning model to encourage problemsolving and creative thinking skills. This study used a non-equivalent control group design. The population was students of class X Mathematics and Natural Sciences (MNS), Public Senior High School (PSHS) 3, the academic year 2018/2019, Mataram, Indonesia. Samples were taken using the purposive sampling technique and obtained by X-MNS-4 class students (33 students, 13 male, 20 female) as the experimental class and X-MNS-5 class students (28 students, 12 male, 16 female) as the control class. The data were taken using essay test questions and analysed using the MANOVA test but previously carried out the Lavene test and the Box’s M test (with the help of the SPSS version 23 application). The results of statistical analysis, with a significance level of 0.05, the null hypothesis on both research hypotheses were rejected. The conclusion is that the implementation of the causalitic-model in physics learning on the subject of momentum and impulse affects the improvement of students’ problem-solving and creative thinking abilities. Insights on innovation through technology integration, multi-answer phenomenon-based learning to promote creative thinking is also discussed. The implication is important for physics learning which emphasises conceptual understanding.
Kinematics and Simulation Analysis of Longitudinal-Torsional Ultrasonic Assisted Grinding of Zirconia Ceramics
Authors: Wei Mengbo , Feng Pingfa , Zha Huiting , Xu Chao , Ma Yuan , Feng Feng
Published: January 2022

Zirconia ceramics is a typical hard and brittle material, which is very difficult to process. In recent years, with the rapid development of the 3C industry, zirconia ceramic materials have achieved a wide range of applications. Longitudinal-torsional ultrasonic assisted grinding (LTUAG) is efficient for processing hard and brittle materials. However, the mechanism of LTUAG of zirconia ceramic is not studied sufficiently. In this study, the spatial trajectory of the grinding grain in three different grinding methods is established and the critical cutting speed of LTUAG is calculated. Simulation model of LTUAG of zirconia ceramic is established. The results show that the longitudinal-torsional ultrasonic vibration increases the spatial trajectory length of the grinding grain, thereby reducing the thickness of the maximum removal layer and reducing the cutting force. When the cutting speed is less than the critical cutting speed, LTUAG can significantly reduce the Mises stress, the subsurface damage and the cutting force.
Intelligent Evaluation Method of Marine Engine Simulator Based on Combination Weighting
Authors: Liang Shiyuan , Cao Hui , Shen Henglong
Published: January 2022

In order to solve the problems of objectivity and inaccuracy in the current evaluation of marine engine simulator, an evaluation model is established based on C-OWA (combination ordered weighted averaging)-the Coefficient of Variation method-minimum discriminant information principle combination weighting method and Vague set. Taking standby of marine generator project as an experiment example, the evaluation index system is established, and the evaluation model is applied to evaluate each evaluation team, and the final operation score of each team is obtained. The results show that (1) the index system is comprehensive and targeted for the operation evaluation of generator standby project; (2) the combination weighting method can improve the rationality of index weighting; (3) Vague set fuzzy decision-making can improve the accuracy of fuzzy evaluation of simulator operation; (4) the model shows rationality and reliability in evaluation results and can provide a reasonable and feasible method for intelligent evaluation of marine simulator.
Modeling and Simulation of Layered Water Tank Based on MATLAB/SIMULINK
Authors: Tan Xin , Zhu Zhenjing , Sun Guoxin , Diao Li , Cao Jingyu
Published: January 2022

In order to improve the accuracy of the stratified hot water storage tank model and simplify the modeling process of the stratified water tank, a modelling method of the stratified water tank based on MATLAB/SIMULINK is proposed. By comparing with TRNSYS platform simulation, the correctness and accuracy of this method are verified. At the same time, this method is used to establish a six-node stratified hot water storage tank. Through the simulation of 8 different working conditions, the influence of different inlet and outlet water flow rates and temperature of the inlet and outlet water on the stratification effect of the hot water storage tank is analyzed.