bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mutation of rat Zp2 causes ROS-mediated oocyte apoptosis
Authors: Wang Yan , Huang Hualin , Zeng Minghua , Quan Ru-Ping , Yang Jun-Ting , Guo Dan , Sun Ying , Deng Hongwen , Xiao Hongmei
Published: June 2020

In this study, we investigated a gene-edited (Zp2MT/MT) rat model of infertility caused by the failure to express the zona pellucida glycoprotein 2 (ZP2) due to the significant reduction of mRNA amount. We examined the defects in the zona pellucida (ZP) caused by ZP2 nullification and the influence of these defects on aspects of oocyte development, including apoptosis and fertilization ability. To investigate the cause of the influence to the oocytes’ development, we evaluated the morphology of follicular transzonal projections (TZPs), known as ‘bridges’, which mediate the bidirectional signaling between the oocyte and surrounding granulosa cells and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in ovulated eggs. Our results showed that two types of ZP defects were generated in the Zp2MT/MT rat,that is, ZP intact but thinned and ZP cracked (or even absent). The fertilization rate of the ovulated eggs reduced in both types, while increased oocyte apoptosis was observed only in the latter type. Moreover, the increased oocyte apoptosis rate correlated closely with the reduction in follicular TZPs and increased ROS levels in ovulated egg. In conclusion, nullification of rat ZP2 destroyed the integrity of the ZP, impaired the bidirectional signaling between the oocyte and surrounding granulosa cells. Therefore, the resulting infertility likely occurs via elevation of oxidative stress and oocytes apoptosis.
Konkurencijos samprata ekonomikos teorijoje
Authors: Klimašauskienė Danguolė
Published: June 2020

Straipsnyje, remiantis klasikine ir neoklasikinė metodologija, nagrinėjamos įvairių laikotarpių ir ekonominių mokyklų konkurencijos ekonominės koncepcijos, siekiant atskleisti konkurencijos sampratos ryšį su ekonomistų požiūriu į konkurencijos veiksmingumą rinkoje ir valstybinių konkurencijos apsaugos priemonių reikalingumą. Parodoma, kad skirtingas supratimas, kas yra konkurencija, lemia ir skirtingą požiūrį į konkurencijos teikiamą naudą visuomenei. Neoklasikinė rinkos struktūrų pusiausvyros analizė išryškina tobulos konkurencijos statini veiksmingumą, palyginti su netobula konkurencija, o dinaminis ekonomikos veiksmingumas atsiskleidžia nagrinėjant konkurenciją kaip procesą. Straipsnyje pateikiami argumentai, kad, nepaisant esminių konkurencijos koncepcijų skirtybių, abu požiūriai, jeigu jie neabsoliutinami, glaudžiai susiję su vienoda konkurencijai keliamų tikslų ir uždavinių sistema, kurios centre yra visuomenės gerovė. Todėl veiksminga konkurencijos politika privalo atsižvelgti tiek į statinius, tiek į dinaminius ekonomikos veiksmingumo aspektus.
Lietuvos kolegijų bendradarbiavimo žmogiškųjų išteklių plėtros dalyvių tinkle vertinimas
Authors: Šmergelienė Valdonė
Published: June 2020

Straipsnio tikslas - įvertinti Lietuvos kolegijų bendradarbiavimą žmogiškųjų išteklių plėtros dalyvių tinkle. Šiam tikslui pasiekti iškelti tokie uždaviniai: parengti bendradarbiavimo žmogiškųjų išteklių plėtros dalyvių tinkle tyrimo modelį ir pateikti Lietuvos kolegijų bendradarbiavimo žmogiškųjų išteklių plėtros dalyvių tinkle vertinimo rezultatus. Siekiant įgyvendinti įkeltus uždavinius, buvo atlikta aukštąjį neuniversitetinį išsilavinimą teikiančių vietimo įstaigų (kolegijų) vadovų anketinė apklausa. Tyrimo objektas - bendradarbiavimas žmogiškųjų išteklių plėtros dalyvių tinkle.
Clusters - a Way to Economic Development in Central and Eastern European Countries
Authors: Pohulak-Żiołędowska Elżibieta
Published: June 2020

Clusters can be localized in almost every economy. Criteria used during cluster mapping allow to localize concentrated enterprises and other entities which might created a cluster. It is helpful in fostering clusterbased economic development.Europe tends to rank high on the quality of institutions, but low on its ability to mobilize these inputs through entrepreneurship and new firm formation.Europe also tends to rank high on R&D spending and scientific capacity but low on its ability to turn research into economically valuable innovations. Clusters have the potential to transform outcomes in both dimensions: healthy clusters provide an accessible network of skills and capabilities, i.e. a microeconomic business and innovation environment that enable entrepreneurs to move from an idea to a business activity. And healthy clusters provide an efficient environment to move from a scientific advance or a new business concept to a market test.Central and Eastern Europe on countries are a special region with the planned economy in their history. Clusters might be a good solution for their problems, they can be “engines” of the economy if they grow in the right environment. But we mustn’t expect that the second Silicone Valley appears in our neighbourhood. Clusters develop over time, and clusters in Central and Eastern European countries are still labourintensive, not technologyintensive ones. And a unique history of the region, which is part of its path of development, determines its future. So, the question “Are clusters a right way of economic development for the CEEC?” deserves a positive answer. But it is worth noting that the unique conditions create unique solutions, so clusters - yes, but different than in Western Europe and probably never that effective.
Methods of Measuring the Efficiency of Commercial Banks: an Example of Polish Banks
Authors: Wozniewska Grazyna
Published: June 2020

Efficiency analysis is essential for the evaluation of banks’ performance. To estimate banks’ efficiency, we can apply different methods. Analysis of financial indicators is the most popular efficiency analysis method in banks, but the number of financial indicators can be really big and make the interpretation of the results more difficult. Another way to estimate efficiency measures is the nonparametric frontier method - Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). This method has become increasingly popular in measuring bank efficiency in the countries with developed banking systems.The main aim of this article is to present the results of efficiency analysis, computed by means of both methods, i. e. the classical index of balance sheet characteristics and the non-parametric DEA method.The analysis was carried out in the biggest banks operating in Poland in 2000-2007. The empirical results show that the efficiency measures give a similar although not identical picture of Polish commercial banks’ performance. These results (yielded by both methods) are complementary to each other and suggest that the non-parametric DEA method is really valuable and worth applying in bank practice.The work presents also the reasons that would explain the achieved results. It also compares both methods, their potentials and limitations in applying them to banking.
The DEA Method in Managing the Credit Risk of Companies
Authors: Feruś Anna
Published: June 2020

The subject of the present paper is a new procedure of forecasting credit risk to companies in the Polish economic environment. What favors the suggested approach is the fact that in Poland, unlike in western countries, the DEA method has not yet been implemented in assessing credit risk faced by companies. The research described in the paper has been conducted on the basis of comparing the proposed DEA method with the currently used procedures, namely the point method, discriminative analysis and linear regression. To verify and compare the efficiency of various methods of company credit risk estimation, the efficiency of the classification of companies has also been examined. The study has involved an analysed sample (a teaching sample) as well as a test sample which was not taken in model building. To conclude, the DEA method facilitates forecasting financial problems, including bankruptcy of companies, in Polish economic conditions, and its efficiency is comparable to or even greater than that of the approaches implemented so far.
In-Hospital Formula Feeding and Breastfeeding Duration
Authors: McCoy Marcia Burton , Heggie Pamela
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND:

In-hospital formula feeding (IHFF) of breastfed infants is associated with shorter duration of breastfeeding. Despite evidence-based guidelines on when IHFF is appropriate, many infants are given formula unnecessarily during the postpartum hospital stay. To account for selection bias inherent in observational data, in this study, we estimate liberal and conservative bounds for the association between hospital formula feeding and duration of breastfeeding.

METHODS:

Infants enrolled in the Minnesota Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children were selected. Breastfed infants given formula were matched with infants exclusively breastfed (n = 5310) by using propensity scoring methods to adjust for potential confounders. Cox regression of the matched sample was stratified on feeding status. A second, more conservative analysis (n = 4836) was adjusted for medical indications for supplementation.

RESULTS:

Hazard ratios (HR) for weaning increased across time. In the first analysis, the HR across the first year was 6.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.9–7.5), with HRs increasing with age (first month: HR = 4.1 [95% CI 3.5–4.7]; 1–6 months: HR = 8.2 [95% CI 5.6–12.1]; >6 months: HR = 14.6 [95% CI 8.9–24.0]). The second, more conservative analysis revealed that infants exposed to IHFF had 2.5 times the hazard of weaning compared with infants who were exclusively breastfed (HR = 2.5; 95% CI 1.9–3.4).

CONCLUSIONS:

IHFF was associated with earlier weaning, with infants exposed to IHFF at 2.5 to 6 times higher risk in the first year than infants exclusively breastfed. Strategies to reduce IHFF include prenatal education, peer counseling, hospital staff and physician education, and skin-to-skin contact.
Microscopic fungi of lithobiont communities of Argentine Islands Region: Data from the 22nd Ukrainian Antarctic Expedition
Authors: Kondratiuk T. O. , Beregova T. V. , Parnikoza I. Yu. , Kondratyuk S. Y. , Thell A.
Published: June 2020

The identification of the diversity of microscopic fungi of lithobiont communities of the Argentine Islands in specimens collected during the 22nd Ukrainian Antarctic Expedition was the purpose of this work. Samples of rock, soil, mosses and lichens of rock micro-habitats of “Crustose lichen sub-formation and fruticose lichen and moss cushion sub-formation” were used in the work. These samples were used for extracting and cultivation of filamentous fungi on dense nutrient media. Determination of physiological and biochemical characteristics and identification of yeast-like fungi were performed using a microbiological analyser ‘Vitek-2’ (‘Bio Merieux’, France). Cultivation of microorganisms was carried out at temperatures from +2 to +37 °C. In results cultures of microscopic fungi of Zygomycota (Mucor circinelloides), Ascomycota (species of the genera cf. Tlielebolus, Talaromyces), representatives of the Anamorphic fungi group (Geomyces pannorum, species of the genera Alternaria, Acremonium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Cladosporium) were isolated from Antarctic samples. Microscopic fungi Penicillium spp. were dominated after the frequency in the studied samples (54.5%). Rhodotorula rubra and Candida sp. among isolated yeast fungi, and dark pigmented fungi represented by Aureobasidium pulhdans and Exophiala spp. were identified. The biological properties of a number of isolated fungi (the potential ability to synthesise important biologically active substances: melanins, carotenoids, lipids) are characterised. Mycobiota of rock communities of Argentine Islands is rich on filamentous and yeast fungi similarly to other regions of Antarctica. A number of fungi investigated are potentially able to synthesise biologically active substances. The dark pigmented species of the genera Cladosporium, Exophiala, Aureobasidium pulhdans, capable of melanin synthesis; ‘red’ yeast Rhodotorula rubra (carotenoid producers and resistant to toxic metals); Mucor circinelloides and Geomyces pannorum, lipid producers, are among these fungi. Yeast-like fungi assimilated a wide range of carbohydrates, which will allow them to be further used for cultivation in laboratory and process conditions. The collection of technologically promising strains of microorganisms, part of the Culture Collection of Fungi at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukraine), is updated with isolated species (strains) of filamentous fungi and yeast – potential producers of biologically active substances, obtained within this study.
Komodifikasi Agama dalam Gerakan Majlis Tafsir Al-Qur’an (MTA) di Surakarta
Authors: Faddad Zaki , Mardiah Anisatul
Published: June 2020

This paper aims to describe the process of religious commodification within Majlis Tafsir Al-Qur’an (MTA) in Surakarta. The teaching and practices of MTA (such as the doctrine of salvation, leadership and brotherhood, and the practice of pengajian) have effectively constructed social belonging among its members. It represents the production of social identity, loyalty, and solidarity. Besides, the charisma of its leader, Ahmad Sukino, has become a center of social appeal. Social belonging and charisma become influential elements for the MTA members. One of the MTA compelling-doctrines is the doctrine of jihad harta. It occurs through mobilizing the contribution of MTA members and commodifying pengajian. Referring to Kitiarsa (2010), there are at least two reasons behind this religious commodification: commodity and market. MTA monetizes religion-based objects, such as brochures, books, and videos. Pengajian becomes a market where the process of commodification follows.
The Youth and The Primacy against Religious Radicalism through the Organization of Mahasiswa Ahlith Thariqah Al Mu‘tabarah An Nahdliyyah (MATAN) in Indonesia
Authors: Taufik Zulfan
Published: June 2020

In Indonesia, tariqa has become a choice to counter and fight against the radical groups that make youngsters as their targeted prey. An obvious example, among others, can be seen in the organization of Mahasiswa Ahlith Thariqah Al Mu‘tabarah An Nahdliyyah (MATAN). Employing phenomenological approach this study considers MATAN as a Muslim youth organization that puts a strong emphasis on the phenomenon of radicalism and positivism among youngsters, especially college students. This study maintains that MATAN has strived to synergize intellectuality and spirituality among the students with claims of loyalty to the preservation of moderate, tolerant, inclusive, and consistent Islam—in terms of sharī‘ah, ḥaqīqah, and ma‘rifah, while at the same time also maintaining the awareness as an integral part of Indonesian people who live in this country and, therefore, they must obey the rule of the country imbued with Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. These points are able to inspire every activity of the members of MATAN to actively promote and engage themselves within de-radicalization efforts. The finding of this study also confirms several studies and surveys conducted in Morocco, Algeria, and Mali, asserting that the tariqa has become a new fondness and is believed to be a savior of youngsters from religious extremism.
Message, Sociocultural Background, and The Politics of Religion of Islamic Sermons in The Netherlands
Authors: Suhartini Rr.
Published: June 2020

Da‘wa does not merely concern theology and religion, but it also addresses socio-political aspects. This is highly dependent on the background of the da‘i (preacher) and public space of politics of religion in which the da‘wa message is conveyed. Using the qualitative method, this research focuses on three questions; what are the priority da‘wa message in the contemporary Netherlands? How is the suitable qualification of the da‘i for the context of Netherlands? How does the politics of religion support the life of Muslim migrants? On that question, some mosques and Muslim communities are chosen for data collection. The research shows that the most delivered topic of da‘wa message is about aqīdah (creed) and sharī‘ah (Islamic law), then akhlāq (ethics). The background of the da‘i heavily influences the selection of da‘wa material. There are two major streams on the matter; Salafi and Sunni. The da‘wa activity by Sunni da‘is tends to be more open, compared to Salafi activities. Concerning the politics of religion, the Dutch government launched a program of Pillarization of Islam so that the government maintains the controls over the activities of Muslim migrants, as well as for the benefits of the multi-origin and multi-ethnic Muslim migrants. However, this measure proves to be ineffective and the da‘wa goes on without following this pillarization program. Being a Muslim is because of personal will, not just because of sermon.
Negotiation of Tradition, Islam, and Modernity in The Movement of The Kaum Mudo Islamic Reform in Minangkabau
Authors: Ashadi Andri
Published: June 2020

At the beginning of the 20th century when the modernism of Islam in Minangkabau was strengthened, many academics saw the Kaum Mudo Islamic movement in a paradoxical perspective. On the one hand, the movement is considered to be progress-oriented by negotiating and accommodating with adat and hence they are referred to as reformers. On the other hand, the movement is seen as opposing and eliminating the integration of the elements of local cultures (adat) and modern ideas into Islam. Therefore, they are also referred to as puritans. Employing Stella Ting-Toomeys’s identity negotiation theory, which refers to ethnic (traditional) and religious identities as primary identities, this article concludes that the Islamic Movement for the Kaum Mudo in Minangkabau is a reform movement rooted in Islamic customs and traditions and not a purification movement. It can be observed, among others, in the following cases: (1) the existing social groups contest each other and fight for their mutual influence; (2) the ethnic background of each character at that time required an attitude which gives room for negotiations; (3) the existing madrasa reform model negotiated between the traditional surau system and the modern Dutch school; and (4) there has been a synthesis of adat with Islam and modernity in Minangkabau which are also negotiating each other.
Rethinking The Contemporary Discourse of Jihād
Authors: Bachtiar Hasnan , Anggraeni Luciana , Asep Muhammad
Published: June 2020

This article purposes to evaluate the phenomenon of domination of combative jihadism and factors that have conditioned the domination. It also evaluates whether the dominant concept of jihād can be paralleled to the Western concept of “just war”. It can be argued that normatively Islam recognises two forms of jihād namely the greater jihād (self-purification and improvement) and the lesser jihād (combative war). Historically, the contemporary discourse of jihād has been dominated by its combative meaning, however. This domination has been conditioned by several factors, such as the growth of the ideology of radical Islamism, the Western hegemonic behaviour, globalisation and the absence of alternative narratives. This article finds that, furthermore, the dominant concept of jihād, in a legalistic view, is relatively similar to the Western concept of just war, although, in reality, it tends to be illegal or “breaking the law”. It discusses the normative and historical meanings of jihād, the factors that have been conditioning the domination of combative jihadism, and jihād and just war.
The Revivalism of Veiled Female Students: An Account of Their Views of Democracy in Indonesia
Authors: Iswahyudi Iswahyudi , Safala Udin , Kulsum Umi
Published: June 2020

The issue of veiled female students has become a polemic, especially among the State Islamic Religious Colleges (PTKIN) in Indonesia. This has been caused, among others, not only by the fact that the issue of wearing veil for female students obstructs the process of learning activities, but it is also viewed as a sign of Islamic revivalism. In this context, Islamic revivalism is considered a barrier to Islamic moderatism promulgated by the state and the PTKIN. Nonetheless, excessive concern about revivalism is not always true. Azyumardi Azra once argued that revivalism does not always lead to radicalism and destructive matters. He calls it as “inward-oriented” revivalism, which is a form of personal religiosity in practicing religion and living it. This article attempts to examine the revivalism of the veiled female students based on their views of democracy in Indonesia. Employing the phenomenological approach, this study finds that the veiled female students hold a positive view of democracy in Indonesia as a means of welfare creation for society. They, however, assert that democracy in Indonesia should be rejuvenated. To them, democracy is not only a concept, but it is also a practical matter which must be present in the real-life of the Indonesian people. This view demonstrates inward-oriented revivalism, not the radical-destructive one.
Dini Sosyalleşme Bağlamında Suriyeli Sığınmacılarda Yapısal Uyum: Kilis Örneği
Authors: YARALIOĞLU Yusuf , GÜNGÖR Özcan
Published: June 2020

Suriyeli sığınmacıların 2011 yılından beri zorunlu göçe maruz kaldıkları bilinmektedir. Dolayısıyla yaşanan bu süreç, göç edilen Kilis’te dini sosyalleşme ile sığınmacıların yapısal uyum problemiyle karşılaşmalarına sebep olmuştur. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın problemi Suriyeli sığınmacıların dini sosyalleşmelerini yapısal uyum kurumları bağlamında anlamaya çalışmaktır. Çalışmada temelde nitel yöntem tercih edilmiş ve yarı yapılandırımış mülakat tekniği kullanılmıştır, bunun yanında yapının özneye etkisi dikkate alınarak yapısal uyum konusu anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışma anlayıcı (yorumlayıcı) yaklaşımla oluşturulmuş ve bir olgu bilim çalışması olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Zira göçmenler özne olarak zorunlu bir durumla karşılaşsalar da hem taşıdıkları yapısal özellikler hem de Türkiye’nin yapısal özelliklerinin onların habituslarını etkileyeceği düşünülerek yapı-aktör dikotomisi dikkate alınarak çözümlemeler yapılmıştır. Diğer yandan araştırma, kartopu örneklem yöntemiyle oluşturulmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri Kilis ilinin farklı mahallelerinde ikamet eden sığınmacılardan ve sığınmacıların mikro-sosyolojik deneyimleri göz önünde bulundurulsa da Giddens’in yapılaşmacı teorisinin yaklaşımları çerçevesinde oluşturulmuştur. Araştırmada dini grupların, mescitlerin ve sığınmacılar tarafından kurulan derneklerin yapısal uyum sürecinde farklı sosyal kurum ve kuruluşlardan dini sosyalleşme yoluyla sığınmacıları etkilediği tespit edilmiş ayrıca Arapçanın bu süreçte önemli bir rol oynadığı görülmüştür.
Partner Phubbing, Satisfação e Bem-Estar Subjetivo: O Impacto da Tecnologia Digital nos Relacionamentos
Authors: Teixeira Iara do Nascimento , Freire Sandra Elisa de Assis
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar a influência do Partner Phubbing (Pphubbing) noBem-Estar subjetivo (BES) e na satisfação com o relacionamento.

Método: Participaram 217 pessoas com média de idade de 25 anos (min. 18, máx. 53 e dp=5,98),sendo 62,2 % do sexo feminino. Estes responderam às escalas de Partner phubbing (Pphubbing), afetospositivos e negativos, satisfação com a vida, satisfação com o relacionamento e questionário sociodemográfico.Os dados foram analisados através do SPSS (v.22).

Resultados: Foi encontrado uma correlação negativa entre Pphubbing e afetos positivos (r= -0,32;p<0,01), satisfação com a vida (r= -0,13; p<0,01) e satisfação com o relacionamento (r= -0,38 p<0,01),como também apresentou uma correlação positiva entre Pphubbing e afetos negativos (r=0,33; p<0,01).Através da regressão, o Pphubbing mostrou influência na satisfação com o relacionamento (β= -0,38;p<0,001), afetos positivos (β= -0,32; p<0,001) e afetos negativos (β=0,33; p<0,001).

Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que os participantes que sofrem mais phubbing de seus parceirostendem a ter menos satisfação com o relacionamento, assim como menos Bem-Estar Subjetivo. Assim,este é um artigo com resultados inéditos para o Brasil e um dos poucos no mundo a avaliar quantitativamenteo phubbing nos relacionamentos amorosos. Desta forma, contribui para o fomento de futuraspesquisas na área e para o embasamento de intervenções e ações de conscientização acerca do usosaudável do Smartphone.
Tecnoestrés en población mexicana y su relación con variables sociodemográficas y laborales
Authors: VILLAVICENCIO-AYUB ERIKA , Ibarra Aguilar Diana Guadalupe , Calleja Nazira
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: Medir la relación entre variables sociodemográficas, variables laborales y la frecuencia del usode las tecnologías, con el nivel de tecnoansiedad, tecnofatiga y tecnoadicción como experiencias deltecnoestrés, en una muestra de adolescentes, jóvenes y adultos mexicanos.

Método: Se aplicaron las escalas para medir tecnoestrés y tecnoadicción de Cazares & Villavicencio(2019) y un cuestionario de variables sociodemográficas y laborales de elaboración propia, a un total de981 participantes mexicanos entre 13 y 69 años, utilizando la herramienta de formularios de Google. Losdatos obtenidos fueron sometidos a un análisis de nivel descriptivo, correlacional e inferencial (Kerlinger& Lee, 2002), con ayuda del programa estadístico SPSS v.20.

Resultados: Respecto a la tecnofatiga, los resultados arrojaron diferencias significativas por sexo (U =104026.50, p=.037) y antigüedad en el trabajo [χ2(3) = 11.213, p = .011] y una significancia marginalpor estado civil (U = 78329.00, p=.058). En cuanto a la tecnoadicción, se encontraron diferencias significativaspor estado civil (U = 76121.50, p=.012) y ocupación [χ2(2) = 4.698, p =.008]. Con relación a latecnoansiedad, fueron arrojadas diferencias significativas por tipo de empresa (U = 61348.00, p=.049).Finalmente, se encontró que las personas con mayor nivel de escolaridad, los directivos y los empresariosindependientes, presentaron mayor tecnoansiedad, tecnofatiga y tecnoadicción.

Conclusiones: Los resultados permiten afirmar que en México existe la presencia de tecnoestrés.Además, se demuestra la relación entre las experiencias del tecnoestrés y variables sociodemográficas(sexo, estado civil, ocupación y escolaridad) y laborales (antigüedad laboral, tipo de empresa y nivel depuesto). Los resultados constituyen las primeras aportaciones de la investigación del tecnoestrés enMéxico, país que impulsa el uso de la tecnología.
Evidencia de sobrediagnóstico en el TDAH en base a evaluación neuropsicológica: un estudio en escolares chilenos
Authors: Gatica-Ferrero Sergio , Santana-Vidal Paulina Isabel , Valdenegro-Fuentes Lidia Verónica
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: El Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/impulsividad (TDAH) es una de lasdificultades de aprendizaje más comunes en las escuelas chilenas. Se caracteriza por un patrón defuncionamiento atípico en atención e inhibición, con fuerte compromiso de otras funciones ejecutivas.Uno de los desafíos que plantea este trastorno está referido al proceso de diagnosis, el cual no sueleser suficientemente preciso. Se pretende explorar las diferencias en la distribución de dos muestrasde estudiantes con y sin TDAH diagnosticadas con una escala de observación conductual a través de laevaluación de las funciones ejecutivas de atención, inhibición y flexibilidad cognitiva.

Método: En este estudio se evaluó a 132 escolares, 66 con TDAH y 66 sin TDAH, en las variables deatención, inhibición y flexibilidad cognitiva de un colegio de la ciudad de Concepción en Chile. Secontrastó el rendimiento cognitivo con los diagnósticos y se reagrupó a los estudiantes en los subtiposconocidos del trastorno.

Resultados: La evaluación neuropsicológica mostró que en el grupo con TDAH había alumnos queno cumplían los criterios diagnósticos para estar incluidos en él. En el grupo sin TDAH se observó unfenómeno semejante. En ambos grupos la evaluación neuropsicológica de la atención y la inhibiciónresultaron útiles para diagnosticar con mayor certeza y para determinar el subtipo al que pertenecíacada estudiante con TDAH detectado. La flexibilidad cognitiva solo permitió diferenciar a los sujetos cony sin TDAH.

Conclusiones: En ambos grupos estudiados fue posible encontrar sujetos mal diagnosticados; el sobrediagnóstico fue de 43,93 % en el grupo con TDAH, mientras que el infradiagnóstico fue de 42,42 % enel grupo sin TDAH.
An Analysis on Guests‘ Key Attributes of AirBnb: How Korean Customers Make a Choice about Accommodation on Airbnb? Relative Importance using Best-Worst Scaling
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Jung Un-Byoul , Lee Hyung-Ryong
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze key attributes of Korean customers about the most well-known online accommodations commerce, AirBnB. A survey was conducted from February 24th to 27th, 2020 on Korean customers who had experience with local AirBnB in the past 12 months. Data from 318 surveys were used in the final analysis. The BWS method, which allows the comparison and confirmation of different conflicting attributes of the same tier, deemed appropriate, so the BWS scores of collected data were analyzed. As a result of using sqrt.BW values to calculate the subjective importance of each attribute, it was found that Korean customers of local AirBnB considered price (4.019) as the most significant, followed by cleanliness ratings (3.900), location ratings (1.974), accuracy ratings (1.865), perceived value ratings (1.492) and variety of photos (1.199) as subjective parameters of importance. The ratings information which were supplied by actual users of the service was considered of importance, while the importance of the amount of reviews(0.741) or photos(0.717) was comparatively low. This demonstrates that customers consider the quality of information upon reservation in relation to how much the information conveys what they need and want to know, rather than the quantity of information. Our findings also imply that the customers shows favor toward a balance of price and quality.
High-Throughput, Sequence-Based Analysis of the Microbiota of Greek Kefir Grains from Two Geographic Regions
Authors: Kalamaki Mary S. , Angelidis Apostolos S.
Published: June 2020

Research background. Kefir is a natural probiotic drink traditionally produced by milk fermentation using kefir grains. Kefir grains are composed of a complex population of bacteria and yeasts embedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix. The geographic origin of kefir grains may largely influence their microbial composition and the associated kefir drink properties. Although the detailed bacterial composition of kefir grains from several geographic regions has been reported, to date, analogous data about the microbiome of Greek kefir are lacking. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate the structure and the diversity of the bacterial community of Greek kefir grains.Experimental approach. The bacterial community structure and diversity of two different kefir grains from distant geographic regions in Greece were examined via high-throughput sequencing analysis, a culture-independent metagenomic approach, targeting the 16S rRNA V4 variable region, in order to gain a deeper understanding of their bacterial population diversities.Results and conclusions. Firmicutes (a phylum that includes lactic acid bacteria) was strikingly dominant amongst the identified bacterial phyla, with over 99 % of the sequences from both kefir grains classified to this phylum. At the family level, Lactobacillaceae sequences accounted for more than 98 % of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs), followed by Ruminococcaceae, Lahnospiraceae, Bacteroidaceae and other bacterial families of lesser abundance. Α relatively small number of bacterial genera dominated, with Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens being the most abundant in both kefir grains (95.0 % of OTUs in kefir A and 96.3 % of OTUs in kefir B). However, a quite variable subdominant population was also present in both grains, including bacterial genera that have been previously associated with the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals, some of which are believed to possess probiotic properties (Faecalibacterium spp., Bacteroides spp., Blautia spp.). Differences among the bacterial profiles of the two grains were very small indicating a high homogeneity despite the distant geographic origin.Novelty and scientific contribution. This is the first study to deeply explore and report on the bacterial diversity and species richness of Greek kefir.
Bilateral Pectoralis Major Tendon Rupture While Performing Intermediate Level Bench Press
Authors: Kusler Jace E. , Chong Alexander C.M. , Piatt Bruce E
Published: June 2020

Simultaneous bilateral pectoralis major (PM) tendon rupture is a rare injury. To our knowledge, there have been only three previously reported cases of this type of injury.1–3 These patients sustained the injury while attempting a 360° turn on gymnastic rings,1 bench-pressing a heavier-than-normal load without an appropriate warm-up period,2 and performing dips on wide-grip parallel bars.3 We present a case of a patient who sustained simultaneous bilateral PM tendon ruptures while performing intermediate level bench-pressing with an appropriate warm-up period.
Physician Burnout in a Rural Kansas Community
Authors: Marquez-Cunningham Domonique , Lenherr Emily , Flynn Emma , Warner Joshua , Zackula Rosey , Cathcart-Rake William
Published: June 2020

Introduction

Physician wellness and burnout are topics of intensediscussion and study, however, less is known about rural physicianburnout. The aim of this study was to assess levels of physicianburnout in the rural Kansas community of Salina.

Methods

An electronic, confidential survey was conducted among145 physicians with active privileges at the local health center and/orsurgical center. The survey included demographic features, practicecharacteristics, and the abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory™(aMBI). In addition, survey participants were invited to provide freetextresponses to questions concerning specific causes of burnoutand mechanisms to combat feelings of burnout.

Results

Of 145 invited, 76 physicians completed the survey. Thirty-six respondents self-identified as primary care physicians, 22as subspecialists, and 18 as surgeons. aMBI scores for emotionalexhaustion (EE), depersonalization (D) and personal accomplishment(PA) ranged from 0 to 18. The mean EE score was 8.4 (SD =4.9), mean D score was 4.8 (SD = 3.9), and mean PA score was 15.2(SD = 2.8). Using tertiles, physician burnout (i.e., those in the firsttertile) for EE was 39% (30/76), D was 34% (26/76), and PA was41% (31/75); 22% of physicians surveyed scored high on both EEand D as measured by tertiles, suggestive of more serious burnout.No significant differences in aMBI scores were observed for demographicfeatures or practice characteristics; physicians who workedwith medical students had higher PA scores. Contributing to burnoutwere demands of documentation and difficult patient encounters,while true time away might ameliorate rural physician burnout.

Conclusions

As measured by aMBI constructs, burnout is prevalentamong the responding rural physicians practicing in the Salina community.
The Roth Project - Music and Memory: A Community Agency Initiated Individualized Music Intervention for People with Dementia
Authors: Buller Emmali , Martin Phillip K. , Stabler Anthony , Tucker Breana , Smith Jenna , Norton Lindsey , Schroeder Ryan W.
Published: June 2020

Introduction

“The Roth Project - Music and Memory” is a music based intervention program, implemented by the Alzheimer’s Association of Central and Western Kansas, which provides a nonpharmacologicalmeans for addressing neuropsychiatric symptoms in individuals with dementia.

Methods

Participants were individuals with dementia who were enrolled in The Roth Project - Music and Memory. Post-intervention surveys were distributed to caregivers of participants which assessed caregiver satisfaction with the program as well as caregiver perception of the impact of individualized music on mood and behavioralsymptoms.

Results

Of returned surveys (n = 79), 99% of caregivers indicated they were satisfied or very satisfied with the program and 94% of caregivers perceived participants to like or very much like listening to the music. While a substantial number of participants required assistance with iPod use (95%), the majority of participants were observed to listen to the music with stable or increased frequency over time. Personalized music was observed to improve mood in 78% of cases, with the most frequent benefits being improved overall happiness, decreased anxiety, increased positive emotional expression, and decreased depression.

Conclusions

The Roth Project - Music and Memory was well received by caregivers and was perceived to benefit mood of individuals with dementia. These results provided ongoing support for individualized music-based interventions and demonstrated that such interventions, when implemented by community agencies, can be well received by those who use them.
Assessing Loneliness and Other Types of Emotional Distress among Practicing Physicians
Authors: Ofei-Dodoo Samuel , Ebberwein Christopher , Kellerman Rick
Published: June 2020

Introduction. Loneliness has been linked to clinician burnout and other types of emotional distress. Research assessing the prevalence of loneliness among physicians is growing. Little is known, however, about how loneliness relates to other types of emotional distress among practicing physicians. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of loneliness, and to explore the relationship between loneliness, burnout, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation among active member physicians of the Medical Society of Sedgwick County (MSSC).

Methods. The study involved a convenience sample of 197 practicing physicians who were active members of the MSSC. The 3-item University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale, the Abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory, and 2-item Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders Patient Health Questionnaire were used to measure prevalence of loneliness, manifestations of burnout, and symptoms of depression, respectively.

Results. Using an email survey, 442 practicing physicians received an invitation to participate; 197 (44%) completed the survey. The prevalence of loneliness was 43%. Loneliness prevalence was associated positively with age (p = 0.017) and more likely in those who reported manifestations of burnout (p < 0.01) or screened positive for depression (p < 0.01). Depression (OR = 2.24; 95% CI, 0.97-5.19) and emotional exhaustion (OR = 1.05; 95% CI, 0.39-2.84) were significantly associated with loneliness, including when adjusted for participants’ sex, age, and duty hours.

Conclusion. Loneliness is prevalent among active member physicians of the Medical Society of Sedgwick County. Given that loneliness is associated with burnout and other emotional distress, there is an important need to understand its implications better.
Kansan Guardian Perceptions of HPV and the HPV Vaccine and the Role of Social Media
Authors: Luisi Monique
Published: June 2020

Introduction. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates in Kansas historically have been low among children and adolescents. How Kansas parents and guardians perceive the HPV vaccine may influence vaccination rates among Kansas youth. Social media messages also may influence perceptions, suggesting implications for current and future disease and cancer burden.

Methods. Eligible Kansas guardians of children aged 9 - 17 years completed an online survey. The survey assessed their perceptions about a) HPV and the HPV vaccine, b) HPV and HPV vaccine representation on social media, and c) the effects that social media has on their perceptions about HPV and the HPV vaccine.

Results. Most Kansas guardians (n = 55, 57.9%) indicated seeing information about HPV and the HPV vaccine on social media. Kansas guardians who had reported seeing information on social media about the HPV vaccine were significantly more likely to perceive that the HPV vaccine could kill their child than those who had not seen information (t(79) = 0.019). Additionally, children of wealthier Kansan guardians were vaccinated more than children of less wealthy guardians.

Conclusion. Social media messages may be influencing Kansan guardians to think the HPV vaccine is lethal in their children. Future campaigns increasingly should be focused on HPV vaccine safety and effectiveness.
Terminal Sterilization of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Allografts: A Systematic Review of Outcomes
Authors: Vopat Bryan , Gross Daniel , Wong Jeffery , Golijanin Petar , Parada Stephen , Tarakemeh Armin , Provencher Matthew
Published: June 2020

Introduction. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common and reconstruction can be completed with either autograft or allograft tissue. However, there is concern about an increased failure rate with allograft tissue. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the available evidence to determine the effect of irradiation and level of dose on the failure rates of allograft in ACL reconstruction.

Methods. A literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from January 2000 to September 2013. Inclusion criteria consisted of the following: (1) primary, unilateral, single-bundle allograft ACL procedure, (2) studies with data documenting graft type and terminal sterilization technique, (3) subjective assessments of outcome, and (4) objective assessments of outcome. Studies without reported subjective and objective outcomes and those pertaining to revision ACL reconstruction were excluded. Failures were defined and compared between irradiated and non-irradiated grafts, as well as between grafts irradiated with 1.2 - 1.8 Mrad and those with 2.0 - 2.5 Mrad.

Results. Of the 242 articles identified via initial search, 17 studies met the final inclusion criteria. A total of 1,090 patients were evaluated in this study, all having undergone unilateral primary ACL reconstruction with allograft tissue with 155 failures. The failure rate between non-irradiated (98/687, 14.7%) and irradiated (57/408, 14.0%) was not statistically significant (p = 0.86). Grafts in the high-dose irradiation group (27/135, 20.0%) had a statistically significant higher (p < 0.001) rate of failure than those in the low-dose irradiation group (30/273, 10.6%).

Conclusion. The irradiation of an allograft increases the risk of failure after an ACL reconstruction but the use of lower doses of radiation decreases that risk.
Enhancing Splinting Confidence through Inter-Residency Education: An Educational Workshop
Authors: Wendling Alexander , Vopat Matthew , Patel Om , Wool Nathan , Davis Nancy , Dart Bradley
Published: June 2020

Introduction. The initial treatment for many orthopaedic injuries is splinting. Unfortunately, formal musculoskeletal training is limited in primary care leading to deficiencies in competency and confidence. Suboptimal splints can result in complications such as skin breakdown, worsening of deformity, and increased pain. Our orthopaedic surgery clinic often cares for patients who initially present to an emergency department or primary care clinic for their orthopaedic injury. Previous studies have shown that a high number of splints are applied improperly in the primary care setting, which could result in in avoidable skin complications and fracture instability.

Methods. Orthopaedic surgery residents held a splinting workshop for family medicine residents. The workshop involved didactic and skills portions. Pre- and post-surveys were administered using a 10-point scale to assess confidence in applying three common splints. The data were analyzed using student’s t-test and qualitative feedback.

Results. Confidence in applying and molding each splint type improved significantly (p < 0.05). Knowledge in splint construction improved significantly as well (p < 0.05). Subjective feedback was positive.

Conclusion. These results showed inter-residency education can increase residents’ confidence in skill-based medical care significantly. The results are encouraging and should facilitate further collaboration between multispecialty residency programs to improve patient care. Further investigation is needed to determine how well skills gained in workshop are retained.
Proximal Humerus Fractures in the Elderly: Concomitant Fractures and Management
Authors: Zachariasen Kelly , Dart Bradley , Ablah Elizabeth , Lightwine Kelly , Haan James
Published: June 2020

Introduction. The purpose of this study was to identify additional injuries commonly seen with proximal humerus fractures experienced by patients 65 years or older and to evaluate discrepancies in the management of these patients with regard to provider type.

Methods. A retrospective review was conducted of all patients 65 years or older who sustained a proximal humerus fracture. Patient data collected included demographics, injury details, hospital course, and discharge destination.

Results. Patients with a concomitant fracture (45.5%, n = 65) had a slightly higher Injury Severity Score (ISS; 8.3 ± 3.0 vs. 6.4 ± 3.0, p < 0.001) and experienced one additional death than those with an isolated fracture (54.5%, n = 78). Slightly more patients were managed by a trauma provider (51.7%, n = 74) than by a non-trauma provider (48.3%, n = 69). Those managed by a trauma provider sustained the most pelvic fractures (12.2% vs. 2.9%, p = 0.038), were more likely to be injured in a motor vehicle collision (8.1% vs. 0%, p = 0.005), had a higher ISS (8.0 ± 3.3 vs. 6.4 ± 2.8, p = 0.003), and had more imaging performed than those treated by a non-trauma provider. There was, however, no difference in operative rates, concomitant injuries, length of stay or discharge disposition regarding provider type. 

Conclusions. It is important to recognize proximal humerus fractures as a sign of fragility and to optimize hospital management of these patients.
Clinical Outcomes of Intermediate-Length Cephalomedullary Nails for Intertrochanteric Femur Fracture Repair in Older Adults
Authors: Enns Paul , Nyberg Sue , Berg Gina , Galliart Morgan , Sarauer Brent , Scheer Andrew , Dart Bradley , Corrigan Chad
Published: June 2020

Introduction. Hip fracture is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in older adults. Intertrochanteric hip fractures often are treated surgically using cephalomedullary nails (CMN), in either a short or long length. Their outcomes are documented in the literature; however, outcomes of the intermediate-length CMN have not been well described.

Methods. A retrospective review was conducted of older adults with intertrochanteric hip fractures that were treated with cephalomedullary nail fixation using an intermediate-length (235 mm Synthes Trochanteric Fixation® nail or 240 mm Stryker Gamma 3®) nail. Outcome data were collected during the inpatient stay and 16 months post-operatively.

Results. Seventy-seven patients met inclusion criteria and were reviewed during inpatient stay; however, only 42 had documented post-operative outcomes. Of those, two patients died post-discharge and were not included in the 16-month follow-up. Comparison of results to published literature suggested that intermediate-length nails are comparable to short-length nails with regard to time in the operating room and estimated blood loss. The rate of blood transfusion was lower and length of hospital stay was shorter than in comparable studies of both short- and long-length nails. There were no post-operative periprosthetic fractures in the 16-month follow-up. This rate was lower than published rates for short and long nails. The hardware failure rate (3/42, 7.1%) of intermediate-length nails was higher than comparison studies of both short- and long-length nails.   

Conclusions. Patient outcomes for intermediate-length nails were similar to outcomes of shorter length nails. Utilization of the intermediate-length nail appears to be an effective treatment option for repair of intertrochanteric femur fractures. However, direct comparison is difficult since periprosthetic fracture rate may increase over time and nail length and hardware failure are not defined consistently in the literature.  Further study is needed with a larger sample size followed over a longer period of time to confirm our findings.