bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increased incompatibility of heterologous algal symbionts under thermal stress in the cnidarian-dinoflagellate model Aiptasia
Authors: Cziesielski Maha J. , Liew Yi Jin , Cui Guoxin , Aranda Manuel
Published: July 2022

Rising ocean temperatures are increasing the rate and intensity of coral mass bleaching events, leading to the collapse of coral reef ecosystems. To better understand the dynamics of coral-algae symbioses, it is critical to decipher the role each partner plays in the holobiont’s thermotolerance. Here, we investigated the role of the symbiont by comparing transcriptional heat stress responses of anemones from two thermally distinct locations, Florida (CC7) and Hawaii (H2) as well as a heterologous host-symbiont combination composed of CC7 host anemones inoculated with the symbiont Breviolum minutum (SSB01) from H2 anemones (CC7-B01). We find that oxidative stress and apoptosis responses are strongly influenced by symbiont type, as further confirmed by caspase-3 activation assays, but that the overall response to heat stress is dictated by the compatibility of both partners. Expression of genes essential to symbiosis revealed a shift from a nitrogen- to a carbon-limited state only in the heterologous combination CC7-B01, suggesting a bioenergetic disruption of symbiosis during stress. Our results indicate that symbiosis is highly fine-tuned towards particular partner combinations and that heterologous host-symbiont combinations are metabolically less compatible under stress. These results are essential for future strategies aiming at increasing coral resilience using heterologous thermotolerant symbionts.
Antidepressants promote the spread of extracellular antibiotic resistance genes via transformation
Authors: Lu Ji , Ding Pengbo , Wang Yue , Guo Jianhua
Published: July 2022

The development of antibiotic resistance as an unavoidable consequence of the application of antimicrobials is a significant concern for human health. Antidepressants are being increasingly consumed globally. Human gut microbial communities are frequently exposed to antidepressants, yet little is known about the interaction between antidepressants and antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to investigate whether antidepressants can accelerate the dissemination of antibiotic resistance by increasing the rate of the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Results demonstrated that some of the commonly-prescribed antidepressants (Duloxetine, Sertraline, Fluoxetine and Bupropion) at clinically relevant concentrations can significantly (n = 9; padj < 0.01) promote the transformation of extracellular ARGs into Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 for a maximum of 2.3-fold, which is primarily associated with the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. The increased cell membrane permeability and porosity, stimulated transcription and translation of competence, SOS response, universal stress response and ATP synthesis-related genes are also associated with antidepressants-enhanced transformation. This study demonstrated that some antidepressants can speed up the spread of antibiotic resistance by promoting the transformation of ARGs, which emphasizes the necessity to assess the potential risks of antidepressants in spreading antibiotic resistance during clinical antidepressant applications.
Fabric-based in situ synthesis of gold nanoparticles for continuous enhanced heterogeneous chemiluminescence online detection of carbon dioxide
Authors: Chen Qi , Yuan Dong , Wang ZhuQing , Tang LianBo , Feng YangRun
Published: July 2022

A novel method to achieve real-time and long-term continuous measurement of CO2 based on in situ synthesis of AuNPs on fabrics is reported. A heterogeneous CO2 detection method and the application of continuous catalytic chemiluminescence immobilized by nanoparticles were also developed.
Removal of lead from aqueous solution using electrospun nanofibers: preparation, characterization, adsorption isotherm, and kinetic study
Authors: Turan Kübra , Kalfa Orhan Murat
Published: July 2022

Schematic representation of the preparation of nanofibers and removal process. (A) Preparation of nanofibers; (B) Pb(ii) removal process with nanofiber.
Sustained release of chlorogenic acid-loaded nanomicelles alleviates bone loss in mouse periodontitis
Authors: Li Han , Xu Jiming , Hu Jun-Feng , Hu Qing-Yun , Fang Xiaolin , Sun Zhi-Jun , Xu Zhigang , Zhang Lu
Published: July 2022

Schematic of the preparation of chlorogenic acid (CGA)-loaded poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanomicelles using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-modified nanomicelles (CGA–PLGA@PVP), and assessment of their effects in the treatment of mouse periodontitis.
Photoinduced synthesis of fluorescent hydrogels without fluorescent monomers
Authors: Bicak Tugrul Cem , Garnier Maylis , Sabbah Michèle , Griffete Nébéwia
Published: July 2022

Type-II photoinitiated polymerisation is employed for the synthesis of fluorescent hydrogels using benzophenone as a photosensitizer and rhodamine B as hydrogen donor. The one step method is at ambient temperature and requires no fluorescent monomer.
Synthesis, structure, and magnetism of a novel series of trinuclear nickel(ii) clusters
Authors: Luo Rong , Xu Cun-Gang , Tong Jia-Ping , Shi Hai-Yan , Kong Xiang-Jian , Fan Yu-Hua , Shao Feng
Published: July 2022

The zero-field splitting parameter D has been extracted and correlated with the structural tetragonality parameter Dstr of five novel nickel clusters based on N-formylsalicylhydrazide, which rich the prediction magneto-structural correlations.
Density inversion method for local basis sets without potential auxiliary functions: inverting densities from RDMFT
Authors: Bousiadi Sofia , Gidopoulos Nikitas I. , Lathiotakis Nektarios N.
Published: July 2022

A density inversion method is presented, to obtain the constrained, optimal, local potential that has a prescribed asymptotic behaviour and reproduces optimally any given ground-state electronic density.
Merging liquid crystalline self-assembly and linear optical properties of merocyanines via tailored donor units
Authors: Ehni Philipp , Bauch Soeren M. , Becker Patrick M. , Frey Wolfgang , Zens Anna , Kästner Johannes , Molard Yann , Laschat Sabine
Published: July 2022

A library of rigid mono-, bi- and tricyclic merocyanines with O- and N-donor units as well as keto or malodinitrile acceptor units was synthesized. Their linear optical and mesomorphic properties were strongly dependent on the donor unit.
Tunable multiple light emissions of core–shell structures based on rare earth ions doped on the surfaces of organic cocrystals
Authors: Wang Jing , Xu Shuping , Xue Xiangxin , Zhao Lina , Xu Weiqing
Published: July 2022

Multiple luminescences of core–shell structures depending on the types and proportions of RE3+ ions that are doped on the surfaces of cocrystals.
MXene-modified molecularly imprinted polymers as an artificial bio-recognition platform for efficient electrochemical sensing: progress and perspectives
Authors: Singhal Ayushi , Yadav Shalu , Sadique Mohd. Abubakar , Khan Raju , Kaushik Ajeet Kumar , Sathish N. , Srivastava Avanish K.
Published: July 2022

The remarkable attributes of MXene-MIP nanocomposite-based electrochemical sensors (MXMIECs) exhibit outstanding advantages that will pave the way for futuristic developments in diagnostic platforms for electrochemical sensing.
Methods to characterize and discover molecular degraders in cells
Authors: Lin Zhi , Woo Christina M.
Published: July 2022

This review highlights recent approaches to characterize molecular degraders (monofunctional molecular degraders, PROTACs), or to discover their targets in vitro and in live cells, which can be extended to additional PTMs other than ubiquitination.
Automating mix design for 3D concrete printing using optimization methods
Authors: Sergis Vasileios , Ouellet-Plamondon Claudiane M.
Published: July 2022

Representation of the optimization process to automate the development of mortar mixes for robotic 3D printing with the aim to reduce the required workload while generating mixture compositions with improved properties by following an optimum trend.
A preliminary investigation comparing high-volume and low-volume air samplers for measurement of PAHs, NPAHs and airborne bacterial communities in atmospheric particulate matter
Authors: Kalisa Egide , Kuuire Vincent , Adams Matthew
Published: July 2022

Exposure to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) constitutes a severe public health threat in African countries' urban areas.
A standard for normalizing the outputs of triboelectric nanogenerators in various modes
Authors: Zhao Da , Yu Xin , Wang Jianlong , Gao Qi , Wang Zhenjie , Cheng Tinghai , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: July 2022

By the proposed standard of normalizing the output performance for triboelectric nanogenerators in various modes, it is proved that the order of influencing factors is contact area > film thickness > applied force > displacement distance.
Zinc supplementation prior to heat shock enhances HSP70 synthesis through HSF1 phosphorylation at serine 326 in human peripheral mononuclear cells
Authors: Peng-Winkler Yifan , Büttgenbach Anna , Rink Lothar , Wessels Inga
Published: July 2022

Acute alteration of the functional zinc status increases the HSP70 protein level after heat shock in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), while zinc deficiency, but not zinc supplementation, further augments heat shock-induced cell death.
Are deep eutectic solvents really green?: A life-cycle perspective
Authors: Zaib Qammer , Eckelman Matthew J. , Yang Yi , Kyung Daeseung
Published: July 2022

Life-cycle assessment of choline chloride/urea (reline) deep eutectic solvent compared with conventional organic solvents.
Sea-urchin-like iron-cobalt phosphide as an advanced anode material for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Pathak Prakash Kumar , Joshi Ved Prakash , Kumar Nitish , Salunkhe Rahul R.
Published: July 2022

Highly stable iron-cobalt phosphide sea-urchins for high performance lithium ion batteries.
Interaction between glyphosate pesticide and amphiphilic peptides for colorimetric analysis
Authors: Gerbelli Barbara B. , Filho Pedro L. O. , Cortez Bruna , Sodré Pedro T. , Coutinho-Neto Mauricio D. , Hamley Ian W. , Seitsonen Jani , Alves Wendel A.
Published: July 2022

Self-assembled lipopeptides act function like the active site of acetylcholinesterase to detect organophosphorus pesticides.
Benzotriazole-EDOT electrochromic conjugated polymers show sub-second response time and 774 cm2 C−1 coloration efficiency
Authors: Lin Kaiwen , Chen Hong , Liang Haoshen , Tan Jingru , Zhou Danna , Zhang Xiaobin , Liu Fucai , Wang Yuehui
Published: July 2022

Benzotriazole-EDOT electrochromic conjugated polymers of PBTz-E and P2F-BTz-E were developed by direct arylation polymerization. PBTz-E showed coloration efficiency of 774 cm2 C−1. Flexible ECDs were prepared and demonstrated excellent electrochromic properties.
Ba3Zr2Cu4S9: the first quaternary phase of the Ba–Zr–Cu–S system
Authors: Barman Sayani , Jana Subhendu , Panigrahi Gopabandhu , Yadav Sweta , Niranjan Manish K. , Prakash Jai
Published: July 2022

Single crystals of a new semiconducting layered quaternary sulfide, Ba3Zr2Cu4S9, are synthesized by the elemental reactions at high temperatures. This phase is the first member of the Ba–Zr–Cu–S system and represents an unprecedented structure type.
Visible-light-driven photocatalytic CO2 reduction to formate over a zirconium-porphyrin metal–organic framework with shp-a topology
Authors: Chen Dashu , Guo Zhifen , Li Bin , Xing Hongzhu
Published: July 2022

Visible-light-driven photocatalytic CO2 reduction to formate over a zirconium-porphyrin metal–organic framework with shp-a topology.
Observation of moiré excitons in the twisted WS2/WS2 homostructure
Authors: Wu Biao , Zheng Haihong , Li Shaofei , Ding Junnan , Zeng Yujia , Liu Zongwen , Liu Yanping
Published: July 2022

We report observed moiré excitons in the WS2/WS2 T-HS with a twist angle of about 1.5°. Our findings offer a promising prospective for further exploration of artificial excitonic crystals and quantum emitters of TMD moiré patterns.
Analysis of localized excitons in strained monolayer WSe2 by first principles calculations
Authors: Jiang Jie , Pachter Ruth
Published: July 2022

In this work we gain insight by first principles calculations into the tunability of electronic and optical properties upon introduction of a wrinkle in monolayer WSe2.
Intersecting visual and verbal representations and levels of reasoning in the structure of matter learning progression
Authors: Langbeheim Elon , Ben-Eliyahu Einat , Adadan Emine , Akaygun Sevil , Ramnarain Umesh Dewnarain
Published: July 2022

Learning progressions (LPs) are novel models for the development of assessments in science education, that often use a scale to categorize students’ levels of reasoning. Pictorial representations are important in chemistry teaching and learning, and also in LPs, but the differences between pictorial and verbal items in chemistry LPs is unclear. In this study, we examined an Ordered Multiple Choice (OMC) LP assessment of explanations of physical properties and processes in matter, that included equivalent verbal and pictorial items. A cohort of 235 grade 7 students that learned the particle model of matter, responded to these assessments and the data was analyzed in terms of their apparent levels of reasoning. We employed two analyses to examine the role of pictorial items in the level-based model of the LP: a polytomous RASCH analysis of the multiple-choice responses, and a verbal analysis of the students’ explanations of their choices. We found that our data does not fit a fine-grained, four-level model, but that it does fit a coarse-grained three-level model. In addition, when fitting the data to the three-level model, the pictorial items placed more students in the midlevel than their verbal counterparts. The verbal analysis showed that explanations of selections of pictures that represent a partial, midlevel understanding, were significantly less aligned with the details in the picture, than explanations of the correct, upper-level selections. Finally, the proportions of student explanations of both upper-level choices and midlevel choices that were aligned with the information in the pictures were correlated with the overall difficulty of the items. This suggests that complex pictorial representations of processes are less likely to reveal coherent reasoning.
A stable and high-energy aqueous aluminum based battery
Authors: Tao Renqian , Gao Caitian , Xie Erqing , Wang Bin , Lu Bingan
Published: July 2022

A hybrid-ion aqueous aluminium ion battery (HIAAIB) with nickel hexacyanoferrate as the cathode, Al as the anode and a polymerized Al–Fe hybrid electrolyte is reported. During discharge, an Fe–Al alloy forms at the anode, improving performance by relieving corrosion.
Construction of a highly active and water-resistant Ni-based catalyst for the HDO reaction of phenol
Authors: Wang Shuai , Liu Yanxiu , Zhang Mei , Li Feng , Chen Yanguang , Song Hua
Published: July 2022

A Ni@C/Al2O3(5)-glucose catalyst prepared via direct pyrolysis achieved superior HDO and water-resistance performance.
Experimental determination of the bulk moduli of hollow nanogels
Authors: Scotti Andrea , Gasser Urs , Petrunin Alexander V. , Fruhner Lisa , Richtering Walter , Houston Judith E.
Published: July 2022

Small-angle neutron scattering with contrast variation is used to determine the bulk moduli of hollow nanogels. The cavity makes these nanogel extremely compressible at very low applied stress.
Structural study on the development of high-voltage Na4Co3(PO4)2P2O7 cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries by in situ and time-resolved X-ray diffraction
Authors: Kim Dong Hyun , Kim Ji-Young , Cho Min Kyung , Kim Hyungseok , Kim Sang-Ok , Kim Kwang-Bum , Chung Kyung Yoon
Published: July 2022

Electrochemical performance of various sodium cobalt phosphates synthesized in the temperature range of 700–770 °C and their schematic crystal structure.
Facile synthesis of cobalt cluster-CoNx composites: synergistic effect boosts electrochemical oxygen reduction
Authors: Zhang Jia , Xie Yan , Jiang Qike , Guo Song , Huang Jiahui , Xu Liangliang , Wang Yue , Li Gao
Published: July 2022

Cobalt-based electrocatalysts have been well exploited in oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) for potential applications in alkaline-based fuel cells.
An exquisite branch–leaf shaped metal sulfoselenide composite endowing an ultrastable sodium-storage lifespan over 10 000 cycles
Authors: Zhao Wenxi , Gao Lixia , Ma Xiaoqing , Yue Luchao , Zhao Donglin , Li Zerong , Sun Shengjun , Luo Yongsong , Liu Qian , Asiri Abdullah M. , Sun Xuping
Published: July 2022

An exquisite branch–leaf CNF@CoSSe@C was designed and fabricated, which favorably affords rich electrochemistry-active sites and multi-dimensional interconnected ion-transport channels, thus endowing superior sodium-storage lifespan over 13 000 cycles.
Adaptive wind-evoked power devices for autonomous motor control applications
Authors: Sha Wei , Hua Qilin , Shi Yuanhong , Wang Jiangwen , Cui Xiao , Dong Zilong , Wang Bingjun , Niu Jianan , Hu Weiguo
Published: July 2022

Wind-evoked power devices based on cantilever-structured GaN HEMTs are demonstrated with large output power modulation of 1.68 × 103 W cm−2 and ultrahigh strain sensitivity of 1472, showing great potential in autonomous motor control applications.
Establishing design strategies for emissive materials with an inverted singlet–triplet energy gap (INVEST): a computational perspective on how symmetry rules the interplay between triplet harvesting and light emission
Authors: Ricci Gaetano , Sancho-García Juan-Carlos , Olivier Yoann
Published: July 2022

In this contribution, we propose strategies in order to design emitters with an inverted singlet–triplet gap (INVEST) and non-vanishing emission properties based on symmetry considerations.
Last but not least: BFL-1 as an emerging target for anti-cancer therapies
Authors: Wang Gaoyuan , Diepstraten Sarah T. , Herold Marco J.
Published: July 2022

BFL-1 is an understudied pro-survival BCL-2 protein. The expression of BFL-1 is reported in many cancers, but it is yet to be clarified whether high transcript expression also always correlates with a pro-survival function. However, recent applications of BH3-mimetics for the treatment of blood cancers identified BFL-1 as a potential resistance factor in this type of cancer. Hence, understanding the role of BFL-1 in human cancers and how its up-regulation leads to therapy resistance has become an area of great clinical relevance. In addition, deletion of the murine homologue of BFL-1, called A1, in mice showed only minimal impacts on the well-being of these animals, suggesting drugs targeting BFL-1 would exhibit limited on-target toxicities. BFL-1 therefore represents a good clinical cancer target. Currently, no effective BFL-1 inhibitors exist, which is likely due to the underappreciation of BFL-1 as a potential target in the clinic and lack of understanding of the BFL-1 protein. In this review, the roles of BFL-1 in the development of different types of cancers and drug resistant mechanisms are discussed and some recent advances in the generation of BFL-1 inhibitors highlighted.
Unravelling mechanisms that govern meiotic crossover formation in wheat
Authors: Higgins James D. , Osman Kim , Desjardins Stuart D. , Henderson Ian R. , Edwards Keith J. , Franklin F. Chris H.
Published: July 2022

Wheat is a major cereal crop that possesses a large allopolyploid genome formed through hybridisation of tetraploid and diploid progenitors. During meiosis, crossovers (COs) are constrained in number to 1–3 per chromosome pair that are predominantly located towards the chromosome ends. This reduces the probability of advantageous traits recombining onto the same chromosome, thus limiting breeding. Therefore, understanding the underlying factors controlling meiotic recombination may provide strategies to unlock the genetic potential in wheat. In this mini-review, we will discuss the factors associated with restricted CO formation in wheat, such as timing of meiotic events, chromatin organisation, pre-meiotic DNA replication and dosage of CO genes, as a means to modulate recombination.
Rare‐earth composite as optical upconversion temperature sensor
Authors: Xie Wan Ying , Zhang Peng , Lai Hong Fang , Lai Yin Ling , Tiu Zian Cheak
Published: July 2022

In this work, rare‐earth composite as an optical upconversion temperature dual mode sensing is practically demonstrated. NaGdF4:Yb3+/Er3+/Zn2+ phosphor was synthesized by the solvothermal method. The phase purity, crystal structure and morphologies were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The enhancement of upconversion luminescence is achieved by aliovalent doping in Zn2+ co‐doped NaGdF4: Yb3+/Er3+ phosphors. The temperature sensing behaviours based on the luminescence intensity and luminescence lifetime in phosphors are recorded in the temperature range from 75 to 297 K, and the maximum sensitivity is obtained as 13.4 × 10−3 K−1 at 75 K and 2.52 × 10−3 K−1 at 225 K, respectively.
The magneto-rotational instability in massive stars
Authors: Griffiths Adam , Eggenberger Patrick , Meynet Georges , Moyano Facundo , Aloy Miguel-Á.
Published: July 2022

Context. The magneto-rotational instability (MRI) has been proposed as a mechanism to transport angular momentum (AM) and chemical elements in theoretical stellar models.

Aims. Using as a prototype a massive star of 15 M⊙ with solar metallicity, we explore the effects of the MRI on the evolution of massive stars.

Methods. We used the Geneva Stellar Evolution Code to simulate the evolution of various models, up to the end of oxygen burning, including the MRI through effective, one-dimensional, diffusion coefficients. We consider different trigger conditions (depending on the weighting of chemical gradients through an arbitrary but commonly used factor) and different treatments of meridional circulation as either advective or diffusive. We also compare the MRI with the Tayler-Spruit (TS) dynamo in models that included both instabilities.

Results. The MRI triggers throughout stellar evolution. Its activation is highly sensitive to the treatment of meridional circulation and the existence of chemical gradients. The MRI is very efficient at transporting both matter and AM, leading to noticeable differences in rotation rates and chemical structure, which may be observable in young main sequence stars. While the TS dynamo is the dominant mechanism for transferring AM, the MRI remains relevant in models where both instabilities are included. Extrapolation of our results suggests that models that include the MRI tend to develop more compact cores, which likely produce failed explosions and black holes, than models where only the TS dynamo is included (where explosions and neutron stars may be more frequent).

Conclusions. The MRI can be an important factor in massive star evolution but is very sensitive to the implementation of other processes in the model. The transport of AM and chemical elements due to the MRI alters the rotation rates and the chemical makeup of the star from the core to the surface and may change the explodability properties of massive stars.
On the role of spatial dispersion in boundary conditions for perfect non-specular reflection
Authors: Yepes Cristina , Maci Stefano , Tretyakov Sergei A. , Martini Enrica
Published: July 2022

Exact solutions for perfect anomalous reflection through metasurfaces have been recently developed in terms of both ideal nondispersive impenetrable boundary conditions (BCs) and penetrable BCs on top of a grounded slab. The second model is more accurate for the description of metasurfaces realized in PCB technology. Focusing on this particular class of metasurfaces, this paper investigates the connection between the two solutions, with the aim to clarify the role of spatial dispersion. It is shown that the two solutions can be related through an equivalent transmission network where transmission lines with different wavenumbers are associated to the incident and reflected waves. Finally, numerical analyses are carried out to assess the impact of neglecting spatial dispersion, as it is done in designs based on a linear phase gradient of the local reflection coefficient.
Optical characterization of strain sensing cables for Brillouin optical time domain analysis
Authors: Falcetelli Francesco , Bastianini Filippo , Bocheński Pawel , Rossi Leonardo , Di Sante Raffaella , Bolognini Gabriele
Published: July 2022

Two innovative optical fiber cable layouts designed to improve strain measurement accuracy for Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis (BOTDA) sensors through improved strain transfer efficiency are presented and discussed. Swept Wavelength Interferometry (SWI) is used to experimentally evaluate their performance alongside analytical models and numerical simulation through Finite Element Method (FEM). The results show good agreement between the different methods and show that the second sensing cable design presents good features to minimize the mismatch between measured and actual strain. Finally, the strain response of both strain and temperature sensing cables of this design are evaluated, showing that their difference in response is reliable enough to allow temperature compensation.
Optimization of drilling process variables using taguchi technique for LM6 aluminium alloy
Authors: Charles Sarla Rubi , Jayavelu Udaya Prakash , Chinnaraj Rajkumar , Salunkhe Sachin
Published: July 2022

The abrasive characteristics of LM6 alloys are difficult to machine, so designing a technology that allows for effective machining is essential. This paper aims to evaluate the effect of process variables, namely feed rate, spindle speed and drill material, towards the responses like Thrust force, Surface roughness and burr height when drilling of LM6 alloy. LM6 aluminium alloy was fabricated by the stir casting process. Experiments were conducted using L9 orthogonal array in a Vertical Machining Centre coupled with a dynamometer for measuring thrust force. Surface roughness was found by Surface roughness tester and burr height was measured using Vision Measuring System. The findings show that the created model can accurately estimate the thrust force (TF), surface roughness (SR) and burr height (BH) in LM6 alloy drilling within the parameters examined.
The Effect of Digitization on the Safe Management of Anticoagulants
Authors: Austin Jodie A. , Barras Michael A. , Woods Leanna S. , Sullivan Clair M.
Published: July 2022

Background Anticoagulants are high-risk medications and are a common cause of adverse events of hospitalized inpatients. The incidence of adverse events involving anticoagulants has remained relatively unchanged over the past two decades, suggesting that novel approaches are required to address this persistent issue. Electronic medication management systems (eMMSs) offer strategies to help reduce medication incidents and adverse drug events, yet poor system design can introduce new error types.

Objective Our objective was to evaluate the effect of the introduction of an electronic medical record (EMR) on the quality and safety of therapeutic anticoagulation management.

Methods A retrospective, observational pre-/poststudy was conducted, analyzing real-world data across five hospital sites in a single health service. Four metrics were compared 1-year pre- and 1-year post-EMR implementation. They included clinician-reported medication incidents, toxic pathology results, hospital-acquired bleeding complications (HACs), and rate of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Further subanalyses of patients experiencing HACs in the post-EMR period identified key opportunities for intervention to maximize safety and quality of anticoagulation within an eMMS.

Results A significant reduction in HACs was observed in the post-EMR implementation period (mean [standard deviation [SD]] =12.1 [4.4]/month vs. mean [SD] = 7.8 [3.5]/month; p = 0.01). The categorization of potential EMR design enhancements found that new automated clinical decision support or improved pathology result integration would be suitable to mitigate future HACs in an eMMS. There was no significant difference in the mean monthly clinician-reported incident rates for anticoagulants or the rate of toxic pathology results in the pre- versus post-EMR implementation period. A 62.5% reduction in the cases of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia was observed in the post-EMR implementation period.

Conclusion The implementation of an EMR improves clinical care outcomes for patients receiving anticoagulation. System design plays a significant role in mitigating the risks associated with anticoagulants and consideration must be given to optimizing eMMSs.
The Effects of Cannabis Use during Pregnancy on Low Birth Weight and Preterm Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Baía Inês , Domingues Rosa M. S. M.
Published: July 2022

Objective Our objective was to summarize the literature regarding the effects of cannabis use during pregnancy on low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth (PTB), and small for gestational age (SGA).

Study Design This is a systematic review and meta-analysis. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, and Web of Science in May 2021 and updated in November 2021. Only studies that assessed the isolated use of cannabis during pregnancy, controlling for cigarette smoking, and other illicit drug use were included. Data were synthesized using a narrative summary and pooled adjusted estimates, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each outcome. Data were analyzed using Stata 13.0 with METAN software package, using random effects. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q and Higgins I2 tests.

Results In total, 32 studies were included with data from approximately 5.5 million women with the LBW outcome and 23 million with the PTB and SGA outcomes. Pregnant women using cannabis are at increased risk for LBW (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.52; 95% CI = [1.18; 1.96]), PTB (aOR = 1.39; 95% CI = [1.28; 1.51]), and SGA (aOR = 1.47; 95% CI = [1.38; 1.58]). Studies that assessed the type of PTB and gestational age at birth indicate higher risks of spontaneous PTB and of early or very-early PTBs associated with cannabis use during pregnancy. The few studies that assessed the timing and frequency of consumption suggest a dose–response effect, with higher odds of negative outcomes among women who reported heavy use and with continued use during the second and third trimesters of gestation.

Conclusion There is an effect of cannabis irrespective of other illicit drugs and tobacco despite high heterogeneity and low quality of evidence. There is a need to discuss public policies regarding cannabis' regulation and how it influences its consumption. Future studies should focus on the effects of cannabis's type (medicinal or recreational), timing, and dosage during pregnancy on perinatal outcomes.

Key Points
Can Currently Suggested Quality Indicators Be Transferred to Meningioma Surgery?—A Single-Center Pilot Study
Authors: Spille Dorothee C. , Lohmann Sebastian , Brokinkel Benjamin , Schipmann Stephanie , Schwake Michael , Spille Johannes , Alsofy Samer Zawy , Stummer Walter
Published: July 2022

Background Risk stratification based on standardized quality measures has become crucial in neurosurgery. Contemporary quality indicators have often been developed for a wide range of neurosurgical procedures collectively. The accuracy of tumor-inherent characteristics of patients diagnosed with meningioma remains questionable. The objective of this study was the analysis of currently applied quality indicators in meningioma surgery and the identification of potential new measures.

Methods Data of 133 patients who were operated on due to intracranial meningiomas were subjected to a retrospective analysis. The primary outcomes of interest were classical quality indicators such as the 30-day readmission, 30-day reoperation, 30-day mortality, 30-day nosocomial infection, and the 30-day surgical site infection rate. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed. The occurrence of a new postoperative neurologic deficit was analyzed as a potential new quality indicator.

Results The overall unplanned readmission rate was 3.8%; 13 patients were reoperated within 30 days (9.8%). The 30-day nosocomial infection and surgical site infection rates were 6.8 and 1.5%, respectively. A postoperative new neurologic deficit or neurologic deterioration as a currently assessed quality feature was observed in 12 patients (9.2%). The edema volume on preoperative scans proved to have a significant impact on the occurrence of a new postoperative neurologic deficit (p = 0.023).

Conclusions Classical quality indicators in neurosurgery have proved to correlate with considerable deterioration of the patient's health in meningioma surgery and thus should be taken into consideration for application in meningioma patients. The occurrence of a new postoperative neurologic deficit is common and procedure specific. Thus, this should be elucidated for application as a complementary quality indicator in meningioma surgery.
Change of Clinical and Radiologic Parameters after Minimally Invasive Decompression in Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Prospective Study with Long-term Follow-up
Authors: Pennisi Giovanni , D'Ercole Manuela , Izzo Alessandro , Polli Filippo Maria , Rapisarda Alessandro , Papacci Fabio , Olivi Alessandro , Montano Nicola
Published: July 2022

Background The impact of minimally invasive decompression (MID) techniques on spinopelvic parameters and on the sagittal alignment remains a controversial topic. Here we studied the changes in clinical and radiologic parameters and their relationships in a series of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) submitted to MID with a minimum follow-up (FU) of 24 months.

Methods We prospectively collected clinical and radiologic data of 20 consecutive patients who were evaluated preoperatively, at the 6-month FU, and at the 24-month FU. Visual analog scale (VAS) for back and leg pain, Oswestry disability index (ODI), neck disability index (NDI), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), C7 slope (C7S), lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), and sacral slope (SS) were assessed for each patient. Moreover, the percentage variation of clinical and radiologic factors at the 24-month FU compared with the preoperative factors was calculated to perform correlation studies among these variables.

Results We reported a significant improvement of all clinical parameters. A significant increase of LL and SS and a significant decrease of PT and SVA were observed. The preoperative values of ODI, LL, SS, PT, and SVA significantly affect the 24-month FU values, and the percentage improvement of SVA at the 24-month FU compared with the preoperative values was significantly related to the percentage improvement of LL.

Conclusions MID is clinically effective in patients with LSS and improves the spinopelvic parameters and the global sagittal balance of the spine. The preoperative spinal alignment affects the spinal alignment at FU. The improvement of SVA was strictly related to the improvement of LL.
Neurotrauma Emergencies during the SARS-CoV2 Pandemic at a Tertiary Medical Center: Analysis of Incidence and Outcome
Authors: Lintas Konstantinos , Rohde Strefan , Ellrichmann Gisa , Strohmann Thorsten , Hamalawi Boris El , Sarge Robert , Mueller Oliver Marcus
Published: July 2022

Background We assess the impact of lockdown in Germany due to the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence and outcome of neurotrauma emergencies at a tertiary medical center.

Methods All neurosurgical emergencies from March 16, 2020 (first lockdown in Germany) to January 31, 2021 were included and compared with a longitudinal case-cohort. Cases were descriptively recorded and retrospectively analyzed with respect to incidence and outcome.

Results All emergencies defined as polytrauma referred to our center decreased by 10% during the pandemic (n = 226), whereas neurosurgical emergencies increased by 18.4% (764 vs. 905 cases). The number of specific neurotrauma emergencies increased by 44.4% (63 vs. 91 cases), yet statistically not significant (p = 0.245). The duration of treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU) extended from 621 to 1,056 days (p = 0.34).

Conclusion The reasons for the increase in the number of neurotrauma emergencies were the following: (1) many surrounding smaller care providers were canceled during this time and (2) there was a lack of free intensive care capacities in other hospitals, urging primarily maximum care providers to deal with more referrals. Both these facts and the prolonged treatment on ICUs strengthen the necessity for maximum care providers to keep ICU capacities for non-COVID patients. Specialized neurosurgical expertise should maintain in tertiary medical centers, even or particularly in exceptional circumstances such as the current pandemic.
Insights into the Reactivity of 2-Hydroxycyclobutanones with Thiols Corroborated by Quantum Chemical DFT Investigations and NMR and Raman Analysis
Authors: Carlone Armando , Secci Francesco , Porcu Stefania , Cabua Maria Chiara , Velichko Viktoria , Baltaze Jean-Pierre , Frongia Angelo , Carbonaro Carlo Maria , Ricci Pier Carlo , Parsons Drew Francis
Published: July 2022

A general strategy for the synthesis of 2-substituted cyclobutanone sulfides via a tandem Brønsted acid-catalyzed nucleophile addition/ring contraction/C3-C4 ring expansion reaction sequence has been exploited. The procedure led to a wide panel of four-membered cyclic ketones in good to excellent yields and with broad substrate scope. Mechanistic aspects and kinetic parameters were investigated by quantum chemical DFT calculations, allowing us to rationalize the different reactivity of 2-aryl- and 2-alkyl-substituted 2-hydroxycyclobutanones towards thiol nucleophiles in reactions mediated by sulfonic acids. NMR and in situ Raman techniques were employed to better understand the reaction kinetics and parameters that affect the desired outcome.
Asymmetric Total Syntheses of (–)-Dihydromaritidine and (–)-Oxomaritidine
Authors: Yadav Abhinay , Majumder Satyajit , Bisai Alakesh , Das Mrinal Kanti , Mondal Ayan
Published: July 2022

A concise catalytic asymmetric approach to naturally occurring Amaryllidaceae alkaloids sharing a 5,10b-ethanophenanthridine skeleton [(–)-oxomaritidine, (–)-dihydromaritidine, (–)-maritidine, and (–)-epi-maritidine] has been envisioned. The key intermediate in this strategy was obtained by a Pd(0)-catalyzed decarboxylative allylation of a 2-arylcyclohexan-1-one-derived allylenol carbonate (87%, 96% ee).
Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of 4-Amino-5-aryltetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepines by an Aminoarylation Reaction
Authors: Hajra Saumen , Akhtar Sk Md Samim
Published: July 2022

A one-pot asymmetric aminoarylation reaction has been executed for the synthesis of trans-4-amino-5-aryltetrahydrobenzo[c]azepines with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivity (dr > 99: 1; ee ≤97%). The reaction progresses through aziridination of prochiral N-tosyl-N-cinnamylbenzylamines, followed by an intramolecular 7-endo-tet Friedel–Crafts cyclization of the tethered aziridines generated in situ, where the combination of Cu(OTf)2 as a catalyst and PhINNs as a nitrene source was found to be effective. A chiral indenyl bis(oxazoline) was shown to be an efficient ligand for the catalytic enantioselective version of this one-pot transformation. This 7-endo-tet cyclization is contrary to the Baldwin cyclization rules.
Role of Intercurrent Remedy in Treatment of Warts
Authors: Suri Purnima , Chandra Kundan Kant
Published: July 2022

Wart is one of the common skin problems for which patient visits homoeopathic physician. Warts are benign proliferation of skin caused by human papilloma virus and generally a self-limiting condition but treatment is needed when they create discomfort and cosmetic or psychological embarrassment. Homoeopathy offers a safe and effective management in such cases. Occasionally, it has been seen that a well-selected individualised homoeopathic medicine sometimes fails to provide desirable result. In such circumstances, an intercurrent remedy is needed to arouse the reaction of patient or clear the obstacles for smooth action of selected remedy. In this context, a case of wart of 22 years old male patient is presented below. After thorough case taking and repertorisation, the selected remedy (Kali carbonicum) failed to provide any significant improvement even after raising the potency from 200C to 1000C. Then, the case was re-analysed and on the basis of family history, an intercurrent remedy ‘Tuberculinum’ was administered followed by former remedy (Kali carbonicum) which brought remarkable improvement and conspicuous changes rapidly. Possible causal attribution of changes was explicitly depicted by Modified Naranjo Criteria.
Synthetic Studies toward Australifungin
Authors: Kim Jinwoo
Published: July 2022

As a fungal metabolite, australifungin possesses an α-diketone and a β-ketoaldehyde moiety on its trans-decalin backbone. Microwave-assisted intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction was used as a key strategy to establish the trans-decalin moiety. Further functionalization of the ring B side chain installed the β-ketoaldehyde, one of the two unique functional groups along with the α-diketone.
Cloaca-Like Anomalies in the Male: A Report on Two Cases
Authors: AbouZeid Amr AbdelHamid , Mohammad Shaimaa Abdelsattar , Sos Marco Rady , Guirguis Nader Nassef , Mahmoud Heba A. , El-Mahdy Manal
Published: July 2022

“Cloaca” is a term used to describe an anomaly in the female where a single orifice is located in the perineum draining both urogenital and gastrointestinal tracts. Few reports used the same term “cloaca” to describe the counterpart anomaly in the male. We present two “male” cases of anorectal anomalies associated with significant penile deformity (caudally displaced penis) that were managed during the period between January 2010 and September 2021. Characteristically, both cases had a single “central” perineal orifice. The latter was located anterior to the predestined site of the normal anus and just beneath a caudally positioned hypospadiac phallus. The caudal displacement of the penis was strikingly obvious by the presence of severe form of penoscrotal transposition. Both cases were associated with a perineal swelling (hamartoma) just beside the central perineal orifice. The urethra was very short (like that in the female), besides the single perineal orifice, which makes the presentation very similar to cloacal anomalies.
Higher Electronic Health Record Functionality Is Associated with Lower Operating Costs in Urban—but Not Rural—Hospitals
Authors: Rhoades Claudia A. , Whitacre Brian E. , Davis Alison F.
Published: July 2022

Objectives The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between electronic health record (EHR) use/functionality and hospital operating costs (divided into five subcategories), and to compare the results across rural and urban facilities.

Methods We match hospital-level data on EHR use/functionality with operating costs and facility characteristics to perform linear regressions with hospital- and time-fixed effects on a panel of 1,596 U.S. hospitals observed annually from 2016 to 2019. Our dependent variables are the logs of the various hospital operating cost categories, and alternative metrics for EHR use/functionality serve as the primary independent variables of interest. Data on EHR use/functionality are retrieved from the American Hospital Association's (AHA) Annual Survey of Hospitals Information Technology (IT) Supplement, and hospital operating cost and characteristic data are retrieved from the American Hospital Directory. We include only hospitals classified as “general medical and surgical,” removing specialty hospitals.

Results Our results suggest, first, that increasing levels of EHR functionality are associated with hospital operating cost reductions. Second, that these significant cost reductions are exclusively seen in urban hospitals, with the associated coefficient suggesting cost savings of 0.14% for each additional EHR function. Third, that urban EHR-related cost reductions are driven by general/ancillary and outpatient costs. Finally, that a wide variety of EHR functions are associated with cost reductions for urban facilities, while no EHR function is associated with significant cost reductions in rural locations.

Conclusion Increasing EHR functionality is associated with significant hospital operating cost reductions in urban locations. These results do not hold across geographies, and policies to promote greater EHR functionality in rural hospitals will likely not lead to short-term cost reductions.
Osteoid Osteoma of the Coracoid Process Presenting as Adhesive Capsulitis in a 10-Year-Old Male: A Case Report
Authors: Mancuso Anthony , Singleton Amy , Abaza Hadeel , Albert Michael , Mikutis Jeffrey
Published: July 2022

A 10-year-old male presented with symptoms in his right shoulder indicative of adhesive capsulitis. Radiographic films did not demonstrate any osseous abnormalities. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the presence of an eccentric lesion within the coracoid process consistent with an osteoid osteoma. Six months after surgical removal the patient is back to full activities. For the pediatric population, surgeons must always consider diagnoses that could alter a patient's growth or result in long-term disability. In particular, an atypical presentation of musculoskeletal disease in a pediatric patient presenting with a disease that typically is seen in the older population warrants further workup.
Low-temperature magnetic susceptibility of ErAl3(BO3)4 single crystal: Evidence of antiferromagnetic spin-spin correlations
Authors: Merenkov D. N. , Bedarev V. A. , Poperezhai S. N. , Savina Yu. A. , Zajarniuk T. , Szewczyk A.
Published: July 2022

Temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility of the ErAl3(BO3)4 single crystal was measured in the temperature range of T = 2−15 K at the external magnetic field of H = 100 Oe applied along the a and c crystal-lographic axes. The influence of spin-spin correlations on the magnetic susceptibility has been identified. It was estimated that the value of Curie-Weiss temperature is θAF ≈ −0.45 K.
PhaseV–Tdiagrams of fluorinated ethanes
Authors: Konstantinov V. A. , Karachevtseva A. V. , Revyakin V. P. , Sagan V. V.
Published: July 2022

Phase V–T diagrams of freons of the ethane series R152a (CH3-CHF2), R134a (CF3-CH2F), and hexafluoro-ethane (C2F6) were constructed using both literature and our own experimental data. The ethane V–T phase diagram was presented earlier. The jumps in the molar volume during melting and the boundaries of the existence of dynamically orientationally disordered phases have been determined. The V–T phase diagrams of freons of the ethane series turned out to be similar in type, with the exception of ethane, which has three phases near melting.