bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical analysis of the self-sustaining traveling wave of nuclear fission propagated by epithermal neutrons in uranium dicarbide medium
Authors:   Odesa Polytechnic National University, Odesa, Ukraine, Shcherbyna M.R. , Shcherbyna K.O. , Tarasov V.O. , Kosenko S.I. , Chernezhenko S.A.
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the self-sustaining traveling wave of nuclear fission in a uranium dicarbide medium by numerically solving a system of partial differential equations. The primary focus is on the neutron diffusion equation and nuclide balance equations, which are crucial for understanding the behavior of fission waves. By solving these equations, we aim to determine the propagation characteristics and assess the stability of nuclear fission waves in uranium dicarbide. Numerical analysis provides significant insights into the dynamics of neutron distribution and nuclide evolution, enhancing our understanding of the underlying physical processes and their implications for traveling wave reactor design.
Evaluation of myQA SRS detector for the stereotactic treatment plan verification
Authors: Vilchynska K. , Bezshyyko O. , Vashchyshyn V. , Golinka-Bezshyyko L. , Zelinskyi R.
Published: December 2024

Modern radiotherapy techniques involve the use of high-modulated radiation fields. Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy and Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy require careful quality control to ensure that the planned dose distributions can be delivered by the treatment system. Quality assurance of the patient-specific treatment plan is often performed prior to treatment, when beams are delivered to the phantom and radiation doses are checked compared to the doses provided in the treatment planning system. In this study, myQA SRS measurements were compared to the EBT3 film measurements. The resolution of the film is 25 µm. The sufficiently high resolution of the stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) detector (0.4 mm) makes it a potential alternative to film for real-time dosimetry. Irradiation was performed on a Varian TrueBeam linear accelerator. The gamma index criteria were 3 %/3 mm, the threshold dose was 10 %, and gamma index normalization was performed using the global maximum dose. The gamma index results obtained on film and on myQA SRS gave comparable results. The passing rate of film measurements based on gamma evaluation was 89.92 % and the passing rate of myQA SRS was 82.6 %. The average gamma values for the 3 %/3 mm global gamma analysis were 0.48 for the film and 0.594 for myQA SRS. In this study, film was chosen as the reference clinical detector with the highest resolution available today. myQA SRS, designed for verification of stereotactic plans, qualitatively and quantitatively identified areas of dose mismatch.
Pathological and compensatory reactions in the blood system of small rodents exposed to chronic low dose ionizing radiation
Authors:   Institute for Nuclear Research of NASU, Kyiv, Ukraine, Lypska A.I. , Rodionova N.K. , Riabchenko N.M. , Burdo O.O. , Shytiuk V.A.
Published: December 2024

Changes in the blood systems of small rodents inhabiting for many generations the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone territories with a relatively low level of radionuclide pollution were studied. Animals’ calculated absorbed doses were in the low dose and dose rate ranges. Dual changes in the blood system were registered, damaging as well as reactive, and high variability of hematological and cytogenetic indicators was observed. Identified changes may be caused by the cumulative effects of chronic radiation exposure.
Microdosimetry test on double layer beam shaping assembly neutron beam as a boron neutron capture therapy neutron source using PHITS code
Authors:   Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Java, Indonesia, Bilalodin  , Haryadi A. , Sehah  , Zusfahair  , Sardjono Y. , Tursinah R. ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Java, Indonesia,   Research Centre for Accelerator Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia,   Center for Applied Nuclear Science and Nuclear Agency, Bandung, Indonesia
Published: December 2024

A microdosimetry test on a double layer beam shaping assembly (DLBSA) neutron beam has been carried out using the particle and heavy ion transport code system (PHITS). The test aims to understand the mechanism of interactions between neutrons and microcells and to determine the linear energy transfer (LET) and the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values of the DLBSA neutron beam. The test was carried out by interacting a neutron beam with microcells containing 10B using a boron concentration of 70 ppm. The neutron source used comes from a 30 MeV cyclotron-based DLBSA. The simulation results show that the interaction of neutrons with microcells occurs through scattering, reflection, and absorption reaction mechanisms. The results of the microdosimetry test showed that the peak LET value of α-particles was 100 keV/μm and 7Li was 200 keV/μm, with an RBE value for α of 9.83 and 7Li of 6.11.
Applying the machine learning methods to determine the linear optics parameters in the ThomX collector ring
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv,, Kyiv, Ukraine, Klekots D. , Bezshyyko O. , Golinka-Bezshyyko L. , Kubytskyi V. , Chaikovska L. ,   University Paris-Saclay, National Institute for Nuclear and Particle Physics, Laboratory of the Physics of the Two Infinities Irène Joliot-Curie, Orsay, France
Published: December 2024

The linear optics parameters are one of the most significant properties of the beam, which are controlled at the particle accelerators. Classical methods of analysis, such as component-independent analysis, employ turn-by-turn readings of the beam position monitors. As an alternative to the component-independent analysis, machine learning and neural networks are proposed for determining the beam parameters. This approach relies on the same input data as classical algorithms. This work shows training and usage of the neural network for analysis of the data from the collector ring of the ThomX accelerator facility.
Acknowledgment
Authors:   Institute for Nuclear Research, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Grygorenko O.D.
Published: December 2024

The NPAE Editor-in-chief and the whole NPAE Editorial Board are extremely grateful to our reviewers. Their expertise knowledge, time and efforts spent for reviewing the manuscripts submitted to NPAE helped to improve their scientific quaility and to enhance scientific level of our journal.
Comprehensive analysis of genotype-phenotype correlation in the diagnosis of undifferentiated recurrent fever syndrome in children
Authors:   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ukraine, Boyarchuk O.R.
Published: December 2024

Syndrome of undifferentiated recurrent fever (SURF) is a heterogeneous group of autoinflammatory diseases characterized by episodes of systemic inflammation without a confirmed molecular diagnosis and not meeting the criteria for Periodic Fever, Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis, and Adenopathy (PFAPA) syndrome. Overall, a genetic diagnosis cannot be established in 30-60% of children with recurrent fever syndrome.
Aim - to present a clinical case of undifferentiated recurrent fever syndrome in a child triggered by COVID-19 and to raise awareness of this syndrome within the medical community.
The clinical case involves a 6-year-old boy experiencing recurrent fever accompanied by arthralgia, fatigue, and significant inflammatory changes in the blood. The first fever episode followed a SARS-CoV-2 infection with pneumonia, and subsequent episodes occurred 2-3 weeks after respiratory infections. Genetic testing revealed a variant of uncertain significance in a heterozygous state in a gene associated with MEFV-like diseases. The absence of sufficient clinical criteria ruled out the diagnosis of Familial Mediterranean fever at this stage, allowing for a diagnosis of undifferentiated recurrent fever syndrome (SURF).
Conclusions. Thus, identifying the cause of recurrent fever in children is not always easy or possible. The analysis of genotype-phenotype correlation has an important role in diagnosis in the case of variants of uncertain significance. Viruses, especially SARS-CoV-2, can triggered hyperinflammation. Raising awareness of this syndrome among the medical community will contribute to timely treatment and the prevention of complications.
The study was conducted according to the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. Informed consent was obtained from the patient for the study.
The author declares no conflict of interest.
Hemorrhagic vasculitis in an adolescent induced by the COVID-19 virus
Authors:   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ukraine, Nykytyuk S.O. , Hariyan T.V. ,   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ukraine, Levenets S.S. ,   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ukraine
Published: December 2024

Hemorrhagic vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein purpura) Vasculitis is a common disease that is often preceded by a bacterial or viral infection of the upper respiratory tract.
Aim - to investigate the specifics of the course and treatment of hemorrhagic vasculitis in a child after suffering from COVID-19 on the example of a clinical case.
Clinical case. A case of acute hemorrhagic vasculitis in a 14-year-old boy is presented. A boy was admitted to Ternopil Regional Children's Clinical Hospital with complaints of a rise in body temperature to high numbers, the appearance of rashes on the lower limbs, buttocks, pain and swelling in the knee joints. From the anamnesis of life, it is known that 2 weeks before the appearance of this hemorrhagic syndrome, he suffered from COVID-19. The disease began acutely with an increase in temperature of 40.1°C. Specific disorders associated with vasculitis/capillaritis are considered in detail: clinical syndromes are identified during objective examination: intoxication, hemorrhagic, articular. Examinations were carried out: general blood test, general urine test, biochemical tests. Maintenance therapy with sufficient hydration, restoration and maintenance of electrolyte balance. In order to control pain, simple analgesics (paracetamol 15 mg/kg every 6 hours orally) were prescribed. A differential diagnosis was made with meningococcal infection, idiopathic arthritis, and thrombocytopenia. The algorithm for the diagnosis of hemorrhagic vasculitis is presented. The need to be vigilant about the development of hemorrhagic vasculitis in children who have suffered from COVID-19 is justified.
The research was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent of the child's parents was obtained for the research.
No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Giant encephalocele in a child (clinical case)
Authors:   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ukraine, Volianska L.A. , Korol Z.V. ,   Ternopil Regional Children's Hospital, Ukraine, Burbela E.I. ,   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ukraine, Pidlujna U.M. ,   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ukraine, Boyarchuk O.R. ,   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ukraine
Published: December 2024

One of the embryonic neural tube congenital defect variants, which occurs in the early stages of pregnancy as a result of its improper closure and is the reason for the disability or death of the newborn, is the protrusion (herniation) of the intracranial contents due to the defect of the dura mater and the skull, known as encephalocele.
Aim - to increase the awareness of doctors about meningoencephalocele in newborns, the causes and the emergence of opportunities for pre-gravid training as a prevention of this pathology based on the analysis of a clinical case observed from birth and during the next few months of life.
A clinical case of a congenital malformation of the central nervous system is described: meningoencephalocele of giant sizes in combination with multiple stigmata of dysembryogenesis. Research in recent years suggests that neural tube defects are the result of an interaction between environmental and genetic factors that affect the determination of genotypes and the susceptibility of embryos to teratogens. 20% are caused by genetic factors, the rest are non-genetic. Since one of the main pathogenetic factors of this pathology is the balanced and folic acid-sublimated nutrition of the pregnant woman, which is primarily determined by the financial capacity of the family and the state, our case is exactly this: a family with a low financial status, the woman has frequent pregnancies with minimal intervals between them, lack of pre-gravid training.
The study was carried out in compliance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written consent of the patient's mother was obtained for the study and publication of its results.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Influence of immunosuppressive therapy on the state of immune protection in children
Authors:   Poltava State Medical University, Ukraine, Kravtsiv M.I. , Lisovska A.M. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Dudchenko V.M. ,   National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, Ukraine, Shamrai V.A. ,   National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, Ukraine, Taran О.А. ,   National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, Ukraine, Tytarenko N.V. ,   National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, Ukraine, Vozniuk A.V. ,   National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, Ukraine, Kostiuchenko A.V. ,   National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, Ukraine, Kachula S.O. ,   National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, Ukraine
Published: December 2024

For the treatment of rheumatological diseases, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome and nephrotic syndrome in children, glucocorticosteroid therapy with/without cytostatics is used. Immunosuppression is a serious side effect of these medications.
Aim - to investigate immunological parameters in children receiving immunosuppressive therapy in order to determine vaccination tactics.
Materials and methods. 50 healthy children (comparison group) and 34 children who received immunosuppressive therapy for rheumatological pathology, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome or nephrotic syndrome (study group) participated in the study. Patients who received high-dose immunosuppressive therapy (n=16) made up the subgroup I, low-dose immunosuppressive therapy (n=18) - the subgroup II. Determination of subpopulations of blood lymphocytes was carried out by the method of flow cytometry, serum immunoglobulins - by the method of radial immunodiffusion. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 23.0 software package.
Results. In children who received immunosuppressive therapy, a significant increase in the number of T-lymphocytes (CD3+), a decrease in B-lymphocytes (CD19+) and NK cells (CD3-CD16/56+) was established, while the average levels of serum IgA, IgM, IgG did not differ from the indicators of healthy children, which demonstrates the preservation of humoral immunity. However, in children who received high-dose immunosuppressive therapy, a dose-dependent decrease in the level of serum IgA, IgM, and IgG was found, respectively, by 1.7, 1.3 times, and by 18.9%.
Conclusions. It is advisable to vaccinate children before starting immunosuppressive therapy for rheumatological pathology or nephrotic syndrome.
The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of all participating institutions. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies.
No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
The role of epigenetic factors in the pathogenesis of dysmetabolic nephropathy with calcium oxalate crystalluria in children
Authors:   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ukraine, Aib N.R. , Hnateyko O.Z. ,   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Ukraine,   SI "Institute of Hereditary Pathology of the NAMS of Ukraine", Lviv, Ukraine, Lukyanenko N.S. ,   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Ukraine,   SI "Institute of Hereditary Pathology of the NAMS of Ukraine", Lviv, Ukraine, Volosyanko A.B. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ukraine,   SI "Institute of Hereditary Pathology of the NAMS of Ukraine", Lviv, Ukraine
Published: December 2024

The prevalence of dysmetabolic nephropathies in children is increasing from year to year, representing a significant problem in the overall structure of kidney diseases in pediatric age. Despite numerous studies dedicated to the issue of dysmetabolic nephropathies in children, the role of epigenetic factors in the pathogenesis of dysmetabolic nephropathy with calcium oxalate crystalluria remains insufficiently explored.
Aim - to identify the leading epigenetic factors in the pathogenesis of dysmetabolic nephropathy with calcium oxalate crystalluria in children.
Materials and methods. The data from the medical histories and outpatient records of 173 children were studied. Each child was additionally examined by narrow specialists of different profiles. Three groups were formed from the examined children: Group I - children with a complicated course of dysmetabolic nephropathy and a history of inflammatory processes in the urinary system (52 children), Group II - children with dysmetabolic nephropathy with persistent crystalluria (56 children) and the Control group, which included 65 healthy children.
Results. The most significant prenatal epigenetic factors are the threat of early miscarriage, gestosis of the first and second halves of pregnancy, maternal anemia during pregnancy, parental alcohol and tobacco use, mother's work on computer during pregnancy, presence of maternal chronic diseases, parental exposure to industrial dust and noise, and heavy physical work of mother leading to fetal hypoxia.
Conclusion. The most significant postnatal epigenetic factors influencing children's susceptibility to a more severe course of dysmetabolic nephropathy included low birth weight, early artificial feeding, frequent acute respiratory infections, atopic diathesis, and physiological jaundice in the first year of life, as well as the presence of concomitant diseases such as chronic tonsillitis, dental caries, frequent acute respiratory infections, chronic gastritis, atopy, and chronic cholecystitis later in life.
The study was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of these institutions. The informed consent of the children's parents was obtained for the research.
No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
The level of awareness of the medical community with Marshall syndrome (PFAPA)
Authors:   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ukraine, Burbela E.I. , Dutchak O.M. ,   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ukraine, Rohalska Ya.V. ,   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ukraine, Volianska L.A. ,   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ukraine
Published: December 2024

Syndrome of periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, adenitis (PFAPA - periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, adenitis), known as Marshall syndrome (SM.). In Ukraine, with its child population of about 7.6 million. it should prognostically be established in at least several thousand cases, but reports of such children are only sporadic, attesting to diagnostic problems.
Aim - to evaluate the level of knowledge of doctors of certain specialties regarding the diagnosis of SM and finding a way to improve the efficiency of its management.
Materials and methods. An anonymous survey of 157 residents and interns of the Ternopil region of Ukraine was conducted regarding the diagnosis of SM and its management using a written questionnaire followed by statistical processing. Exclusion criteria were the absence of answers or the number of answers to at least one of the questions asked was greater than the suggested number. Therefore, 139 questionnaires were taken into analysis, among which 56 (40.29%) were provided by specialist doctors and 83 (59.71%) by intern doctors.
Results. The analysis of the answers showed difficulties not only with establishing the correct diagnosis, but also with its diagnosis and treatment tactics both among specialists with experience and among interns. About quarter of the residents (13/56 (23.21%)) and only 8/83 (9.64%) of the interns decided on the treatment tactics of the patient in accordance with the described clinical picture and the specified diagnosis, which testified to a lack of understanding of the pathogenetic bases of SM. Despite the fact that the clinical symptoms of MS most interns (67/83; 80.72%) are known and they recognized it based on the description provided by the questionnaire. The biggest difficulties arose in both groups when solving the issue of planning preventive measures in the inter-attack period.
Conclusions. Thus, the analysis of the conducted survey revealed a lack of knowledge about MS, its diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation. Autoinflammatory diseases need their place in modern programs of university training and especially postgraduate education in the continuous professional development system in order to direct the vector of medical opinion clearly in the direction of the correct clinical diagnosis.
The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of all participating institutions. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies.
No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Peculiarities of humoral immunity parameters in newborns with markers of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia
Authors:   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Chumak O.Yu. ,   Lugansk State Medical University, Rivne, Ukraine, Volokha A.P. ,   Shupyk National University of Healthcare of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: December 2024

Connective tissue dysplasia can affect the immune response in children. The study of humoral immunity indicators in newborns with locomotor and biochemical markers of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (UCTD) is very relevant.
Aim - study the correlations between anthropometric, laboratory markers of UCTD and indicators of the B-cell link of immunity in newborns.
Materials and methods. We examined 122 newborns: 79 full-term and 43 premature infants. In them, the perinatal history data were analyzed, anthropometric and biochemical (matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1)) markers of UCTD were studied, and the ratio of MMP-1/TIMP-1 was calculated. The absolute number of B-lymphocytes and the levels of immunoglobulins of classes A (IgA), M (IgM), G (IgG) in the blood were also investigated. The main group (n=82) consisted of newborns with elevated values of ≥2 anthropometric markers of UCTD, the control group (n=40) included children without deviation from the norm of any anthropometric index.
Results. Children with signs of UCTD are more likely to be born from ≥2 births, with a body weight of 2499-2000 g and ≤1999 g, and have lower levels of serum IgA, IgM than children of the control group. Such perinatal factors as operative delivery and parity of more than two births can be considered prognostically unfavorable for a lower absolute number of B-lymphocytes, lower levels of IgA and IgM in the blood of newborns. Serum content of MMP-1≥4.51 ng/ml, values of MMP-1/TIMP-1≥0.31 are associated with a higher absolute number of B-lymphocytes and lower level of IgA, also the concentration of TIMP-1≥16.08 ng/ml is associated with higher levels of IgA, IgM, IgG. The content of serum immunoglobulins correlates with the gestational age.
Conclusions. Therefore, newborns with anthropometric markers of UCTD and an imbalance of biochemical markers (MMP-1, TIMP-1, index MMP-1/TIMP-1) have lower levels of serum IgA and IgM. The concentration of MMP-1≥4.51 ng/ml, MMP-1/TIMP-1≥0.31, TIMP-1≤16.07 ng/ml are prognostically unfavorable factors regarding changes in the B-cell immunity in newborns. The lowest concentrations of immunoglobulins of all classes were recorded in children with a gestational age of 31-28 weeks.
The study was carried out according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was accepted by the Local Ethical Committee of these institutions. The informed consent of the children's parents was obtained for the research.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Comparative assessment of quality of life and functional status of children with cerebral palsy according to their early treatment
Authors:   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Kyryk O.V. , Nazar O.V. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: December 2024

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a leading cause of childhood disability, significantly impacting the quality of life of children and their families. Early intervention (EI) programs aim to mitigate the negative effects of CP, improving social adaptation and functional abilities.
Aim - to conduct a comparative analysis of the quality of life of children with spastic CP depending on whether they received EI services before the age of four.
Materials and methods. The study involved 105 children aged 4-14 years, divided into two groups: Group A (43 children who received EI) and Group B (62 children who did not). Assessment was conducted using standardized international classifications, and quality-of-life questionnaire.
Results. Children in the Group A demonstrated significantly higher scores in "Participation" (6.37 vs. 5.19), "Communication" (7.40 vs. 6.82), "Access to Services" (5.14 vs. 4.69), and "Social Adaptation" (101.7 vs. 87.19). The Group A also reported lower pain levels on the, with 46.5% of children experiencing mild pain (level 2) compared to 21% in the Group B. The greatest positive impact of EI was in social integration, physical well-being and participation in daily activities.
Conclusions. Early intervention improves the quality of life of children with CP, enhancing their social adaptation, reducing pain, and increasing independence.
The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of all participating institutions. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies.
No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
From Togetherness to Individualism: The Evolving Meaning of Ngabuburit Among Teenagers
Authors: Jazilah Jazilah , Ririh Megah Safitri Ririh Megah
Published: December 2024

The tradition of ngabuburit among teenagers has experienced significant transformation due to advancements in technology and the influence of popular culture. This study employs qualitative methods to (1) explore how teenagers interpret the ngabuburit tradition in the digital era, (2) identify the factors driving changes in its meaning, and (3) analyze the social impacts of these changes on teenagers' lives. Findings reveal that ngabuburit activities have shifted toward individualistic and consumerist tendencies, such as spending time in trendy locations and showcasing moments on social media, rather than fostering spirituality and togetherness. This study highlights the deep influence of digitalization on local traditions and underscores the challenges of preserving traditional values in an evolving cultural landscape.
Detection of Drowsiness in Drivers Using Image Processing and Support Vector Machine (SVM) Classification
Authors: Sugeng  , Praminiarto Hendri
Published: December 2024

Accidents can be caused by external factors on the road, vehicle conditions, or internal factors such as drowsiness. Drowsiness while driving poses risks to the driver and others. An early detection system is crucial to alert drivers to stop or rest if they show signs of drowsiness. Physical signs of drowsiness include a lethargic facial expression, frequent eye blinking, continuous yawning, or nodding off. A detection system utilizing image processing and machine learning can observe these signs by detecting facial landmarks and analyzing activities such as eye blinking, yawning, and head tilt. This study aims to classify the drowsiness condition based on these three factors. The classification process is conducted using machine learning with the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method to determine whether a person is drowsy or not. The dataset consists of the number of eye blinks, head tilts, and yawns. Conditions are classified into two classes, drowsy and not drowsy. In this study, the SVM classification method can predict drowsiness with an accuracy of up to 77% in the conducted tests.
Kalam Insha Talabi in Surah Yusuf
Authors: Sa'dina Ahmad Midrar , Zaelani Agung Ahmad
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this research is to do a description-analysis of the elements of the word insha talabi in Surah Yusuf. This research uses qualitative methods through library research. This research was conducted by examining the distribution of selected verses in Surah Yusuf, which had not been studied before. In addition, it explores how the dynamics of interpretation in these selected verses and their relation to the content of the elements of the word insha talabi. The results and discussion of this study found that there are 28 verses about amr, 5 verses about nahi, 12 about istifham, 2 verses about tamanni, and 18 verses about nida. The study of these verses, among other things, is expected to reach the esoteric elements in each verse wisely and in accordance with objective scientific provisions so that the beauty of the style of Al-Qur'an as a whole in Surah Yusuf which is one of the best stories in the Al-Quran can be understood properly. Therefore, it is important to conduct this study and continue to explore its interpretation so that the compassion and wisdom of Yusuf's story can become a strong value in this life in various aspects.
Penafsiran Ahmad Musthafa Al-Maraghi dan Wahbah Zuhaili terhadap Ayat-Ayat Al-Qur’an Tentang Hak Anak
Authors: Sakti Revky Oktavian
Published: December 2024

Sudah banyak usaha serta pemecahan yang ditawarkan oleh penguasa, badan proteksi anak, atau para ahli proteksi anak, hendak namun pada realitanya sedang banyak terjalin kelengahan pada hak anak. Tujuan serta khasiat analisis tema hak anak dalam perspektif pengertian Al-Maraghi ialah: buat mengenali penafsiran anak bagi Ahmad Musthafa Al-Maraghi, pengertian Ahmad Musthafa Al-Maraghi hal hak- hak anak dalam Al-Qur’an. Buat mengenali akibat seseorang anak bila tidak memperoleh haknya. Ada pula khasiat riset ini dengan cara efisien ataupun sosial merupakan buat membagikan cerminan gimana hak anak dalam Al-Qur’an dengan cara terperinci serta analitis dengan uraiannya di dalam pengertian. Bersumber pada pada permasalahan yang dikaji dalam riset ini, hingga pengarang memakai bermacam opini para pakar mengenai anak serta hak anak untuk membuat pola pencarian informasi pada pengertian Al-Maraghi. Riset ini difokuskan pada 60 bagian yang mangulas mengenai anak, hak anak, serta akibatnya bila tidak terkabul haknya.
Makna Ikhlas dalam Tafsir Fakhruddin Ar-Razi dan Ibn Kaṡīr
Authors: Gunawan Iwan Caca , M. Yunus Badruzzaman , Zulaiha Eni
Published: December 2024

Konsep ikhlas merupakan nilai fundamental dalam Islam yang telah diinterpretasikan secara mendalam oleh para mufassir, seperti Fakhruddin Ar-Razi dan Ibn Kaṡīr, yang memberikan kontribusi penting dalam memperkaya pemahaman tentang makna dan implementasi ikhlas dalam tradisi tafsir Al-Qur'an. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dan membandingkan makna ikhlas dalam tafsir Fakhruddin Ar-Razi dan Ibn Kaṡīr, serta menganalisis implikasi penafsiran mereka terhadap pemahaman kontemporer tentang konsep ikhlas. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode analisis komparatif untuk membandingkan interpretasi konsep ikhlas antara Fakhruddin Ar-Razi dan Ibn Kaṡīr. Data yang digunakan berasal dari studi literatur yang mencakup karya-karya tafsir kedua mufassir, serta penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya yang relevan. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa Ar-Razi dan Ibn Kaṡīr sepakat bahwa ikhlas adalah kunci utama dalam pengabdian murni kepada Allah, namun mereka menekankan aspek yang berbeda dalam tafsir mereka. Ar-Razi melihat ikhlas sebagai manifestasi tauhid sejati yang melindungi dari godaan, sementara Ibn Kaṡīr menekankan pemurnian niat dalam ibadah hanya untuk Allah tanpa perantara; Penafsiran makna ikhlas dalam Al-Qur'an oleh Fakhruddin Ar-Razi dan Ibn Kaṡīr sama-sama menekankan pentingnya ketulusan hati dan kemurnian niat dalam beribadah kepada Allah, namun Ar-Razi lebih fokus pada aspek teologis dan filosofis, sedangkan Ibn Kaṡīr menyoroti implementasi praktis dan syariat dalam kehidupan sehari-hari; Konsep ikhlas memiliki dampak mendalam dalam kehidupan modern dengan menekankan kemurnian niat kepada Allah, hal ini bisa membantu mengatasi godaan materialisme dan tekanan sosial, serta mendorong dedikasi, integritas, dan hubungan yang tulus dalam konteks profesional dan sosial.
Implikasi Qira’at pada Penafsiran QS Al-Baqarah ayat 233 dan 236 dalam Tafsir Al-Jami’ Li Ahkam Al-Qur’an Al-Qurtubi
Authors: Durachman Ahmad Jalaluddin Rumi
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi implikasi qira‘at dalam penafsiran Al-Qur’an, khususnya pada Tafsir Al-Jami’ Li Ahkam Al-Qur’an karya Al-Qurtubi. Fokus kajian ini terletak pada dua ayat dalam QS Al-Baqarah, yaitu ayat 233 dan 236, yang di dalamnya terdapat beberapa varian qira‘at. Penelitian ini meneliti bagaimana qira‘at syaz dan qira‘at sahihah mempengaruhi penafsiran ayat-ayat tersebut, serta bagaimana Al-Qurtubi memanfaatkannya dalam tafsirnya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan qira‘at memberikan nuansa yang berbeda dalam penafsiran hukum, khususnya terkait isu pemberian nafkah dan masa iddah. Hal ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya pemahaman terhadap qira‘at dalam studi tafsir.
Conceptualization of Artificial Intelligence in Russian Media Discourse
Authors: Galichkina Elena
Published: December 2024

The article focuses on the tendencies in artificial intelligence (AI) conceptualization based on the analysis of Russian media discourse. The conceptual, figurative and axiological features of AI as an abstract mental formation are identified. The conceptualization of artificial intelligence is shown to be represented in two directions: the ability of an artificial system to perform tasks that mimic human cognitive abilities and the science of modelling computerized intellectual behavior. The nuclear features of the concept with the key representation in the word combination artificial intelligence are recorded in lexicographic sources and special-purpose dictionaries; they constitute the basis for the conceptualization of artificial intelligence in media discourse. In the figurative-and-perceptual aspect, artificial intelligence is conceptualized as a living being endowed with physical characteristics and analytical abilities. Artificial intelligence is noted to be conceptualized in media discourse as an object of use, development, implementation, training, that performs a wide range of vital functions, and as a subject that demonstrates anthropomorphic characteristics (the ability to memorize, explain, analyze, etc.). The conceptualization of artificial intelligence in the value dimension manifests itself through positive assessment or possible harm. The utilitarian properties are evaluated positively, whereas the hypothetical impact on humans, in the case of uncontrolled headway in this area, is assessed negatively.
Experimental Methods of Exploring Multimodal Discourse: Crossmodal Alignment
Authors: Kiose Mariya , Potekhin Vadim , Zubkov Oleg
Published: December 2024

The study advances Crossmodal Alignment Framework to explore multimodal discourse in its three formats – semiotic, communicative and perceptive – via multimodal experiment. It considers the alignment patterns obtained from two semiotic modes (text and image), transferred in two communicative modes (speech and gesture), sensed by two perception modes (visual and audial). The common research framework determines the patterns as modulated by discourse tasks. The study features the results of multimodal experiments with the participants engaged in three discourse tasks: 1) receptive, which presumes obtaining information from text and image stimuli; semiotic alignment patterns are identified indirectly via participants’ gaze response; 2) productive, in which the participants communicate the information in monological format; communicative alignment patterns are identified directly via their speech and gesture; 3) receptive-productive, which presupposes the participants perceive information visually and audially; alignment patterns are identified directly via participants’ gaze behavior contingent on the stimuli areas of interest and indirectly via their speech response. Data analysis allows to determine and scale the degree of crossmodal alignment to discourse tasks, which helps identify the input of each mode to solving these tasks. The research framework and obtained results contribute to further development of multimodal discourse methods.
Understanding Emotional Responses to Text: A Psycholinguistic Investigation of Visual Influences
Authors: Volkova Yana , Vashunina Irina
Published: December 2024

The paper explores the influence of visual elements on the emotional perception of textual content. Based on the experimental results, the authors evaluated how illustrations affected emotional responses to polycode/creolized texts. By using the semantic differential scales method, correlations between emotions and specific visual parameters were identified and analyzed. The results revealed how visual parameters of illustrations influence emotional responses to text in Russian, suggesting potential adjustments to emotional perception by manipulating these parameters: illustration style impacts recipient emotions; ambiguity and originality increase negative emotions, while realistic illustrations have varied effects. Additionally, the study investigated how variations in illustration style and content altered emotional interpretations of text, providing insights into the complex interplay between visual and verbal elements in communication. The findings suggest practical implications for educational material development, emphasizing the potential to adjust the emotional perception of textual content by manipulating visual characteristics. This research sheds light on the dynamics of emotional response to multimedia stimuli and offers valuable considerations for content creators seeking to optimize audience engagement and comprehension. It attempts to bridge the gap between visual perception, emotion processing, and linguistic communication, offering insights for both practical applications in NLP (Natural Language Processing) and theoretical advancements in cognitive sciences.
Peniaphobia as a Component of the Destructive Digital Media Discourse in the Asia-Pacific Region
Authors: Lagutkina Margarita , Yi Zhang , Huong Chang Thi Thu
Published: December 2024

Modern hybrid linguistic-mental and information warfare massively uses the promotion of destruction in the mass media as a tool of negative ‘soft power’ media discourse directed against China, Vietnam and Russia owing to their being the key players in the geopolitical arena of Southeast Asia. The discourse of Western geopolitical opponents promotes peniaphobia (fear of poverty), which is one of the basic human fears since it is associated with ensuring the efficient viability of man and human civilization as a whole. The authors attribute peniaphobia to one of the universal social stigmas that affect the social structure and culture of the community, recognizing that media discourse is actively using open public Internet communication to control public consciousness gently. Meanwhile, intense exploitation by the media of alleged financial insolvency, looming economic crises, food shortages and impending hunger, the adverse effects of international labor migration and the deplorable state of the labor markets rapidly generate protest moods in society, changing social perceptions of money, food and food consumption. Information intakes that enhance peniaphobia use scenario modeling the presentation of potentially dangerous themes in the mass media of Russia, Vietnam and China. The article assesses the manipulation of public consciousness in the context of the pandemic, complicated by the psychological and informational confrontation between East and West and Western socio-economic and political sanctions imposed in connection with the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. Modern social culture has updated the features of presenting information using a digital format and subsequent decoding, which, in general, has influenced social dynamics. Based on analyzing the ethno- and sociocultural behavior of ‘digital aborigines’ on the Internet, the sociocultural approach to modern manipulation techniques of the public consciousness demonstrates the change in the use of methods of manipulation compared to representatives of the ‘pre-digital generation’.
Attribution of Media Texts Based on a Trained Natural Language Model and Linguistic Assessment of Identification Quality
Authors: Klyachin Vladimir , Khizhnyakova Ekaterina
Published: December 2024

The creation of effective systems for filtering media texts is due to the need to develop artificial intelligence systems, which is a large language model that should be trained using “correct” text samples that do not contain signs of disinformation, infodemic and unreliability. The article presents the results of automatic detection of high-quality media texts, as well as text samples with infodemic features carried out using a trained natural language model based on a manually labeled corpus. Manual marking of the corpus was carried out by experts based on the parameterization of the text content. The goal of our work is to build a model of the language of media messages, assess the quality and identify detection errors caused by the linguistic characteristics of texts. Creating a model of the language of media messages is a condition for increasing the efficiency and quality of artificial intelligence systems. It has been established that the test use of a trained natural language model allows filtering media texts with fairly high accuracy. The support vector machine method proved to be most effective. The share of incorrectly recognized informative texts that meet the criteria of reliability and novelty is low and amounts to 6.2 percent. The percentage of incorrectly recognized uninformative texts is approximately 3.9 percent, which indicates a fairly high efficiency of the developed model. The errors in the detection of informative texts are associated with the use of proper names (anthroponyms, toponyms) and numerals in the headings. Linguistic features of misclassified texts containing signs of fake and misinformation comprise text samples using statements with speech verbs that are often used in informative texts.
Exploring Automated Summarization: From Extraction to Abstraction
Authors: Sorokina Svetlana
Published: December 2024

This paper provides a review of AI-powered automated summarization models, with a focus on two principal approaches: extractive and abstractive. The study aims to evaluate the capabilities of these models in generating concise yet meaningful summaries and analyze their lexical proficiency and linguistic fluidity. The compression rates are assessed using quantitative metrics such as page, word, and character counts, while language fluency is described in terms of ability to manipulate grammar and lexical patterns without compromising meaning and content. The study draws on a selection of scientific publications across various disciplines, testing the functionality and output quality of automated summarization tools such as Summate.it, WordTune, SciSummary, Scholarcy, and OpenAI ChatGPT-4. The findings reveal that the selected models employ a hybrid strategy, integrating both extractive and abstractive techniques. Summaries produced by these tools exhibited varying degrees of completeness and accuracy, with page compression rates ranging from 50 to 95%, and character count reductions reaching up to 98%. Qualitative evaluation indicated that while the models generally captured the main ideas of the source texts, some summaries suffered from oversimplification or misplaced emphasis. Despite these limitations, automated summarization models exhibit significant potential as effective tools for both text compression and content generation, highlighting the need for continued research, particularly from the perspective of linguistic analysis. Summaries generated by AI models offer new opportunities for analyzing machine-generated language and provide valuable data for studying how algorithms process, condense, and restructure human language.
Mediatization of Artificial Intelligence Concept in the Russian Language Media Discourse: Corpus-Based Approach
Authors: Ilyinova Elena , Kochetova Larisa
Published: December 2024

Based on corpus-assisted discourse analysis, the paper studies the mediatization of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the Russian-language media discourse as a construe technique that shapes AI perception and evaluation as a concept of new social reality. The paper reveals linguistic portraying of the AI concept in Russian digital media corpus, construed by business-oriented outlets Kommersant, Vedomosti, RBC, and popular media resources, such as Lenta.ru, Argumenty i Fakty, Komsomolskaya Pravda. Corpus-assisted discourse analysis comprises aims to extract the quantitative parameters of texts and establish their correlations with content parameters; define the themes of narratives about AI, which determine its discursive interpretation, and describe their distribution across the Russian-language news digital corpus; define discursive strategies used for designing the image of AI. The quantitative characteristics of the texts construing AI imagery in the corpus under study point to the prevalence of small and moderate size texts, which is explained by the pragmatics of informing a broad lay audience on advancement and development of AI without initiating any public discussions. The thematic distribution analysis showed domination of “Positive AI capabilities” and “AI development and Investments”, whereas “Impending danger” and “Negative AI capabilities” are covered infrequently. Argumentation in the explanatory and prognostic strategies introduces the topoi of inevitability, necessity, and rivalry in AI development. The explanatory strategy expands on the nature of AI, its functions and potential. The prognostic strategy delivers information on the development and advancement of AI technology, portraying efficiency scenarios, but only a tiny fraction of the texts warn about the negative consequences of AI. The novelty of the results lies in the establishment of contradictory mediatization of the AI concept, which, on the one hand, is aimed at depicting its positive portrayal and capability of bringing social and economic benefits. On the other hand, it contains a warning about its potential dangers and risks if the spheres of its application expand.