bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AVALIAÇÃO FÍSICO-QUÍMICA E LEGISLAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE POLPAS, SUCOS TROPICAIS E NÉCTARES DE GOIABA COMERCIAIS
Authors: Nogueira Andressa Milene Parente , Figueira Ricardo , Imaizumi Vitor Massami , Venturini Filho Waldemar Gastoni
Published: June 2020

AVALIAÇÃO FÍSICO-QUÍMICA E LEGISLAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE POLPAS, SUCOS TROPICAIS E NÉCTARES DE GOIABA COMERCIAIS

 

ANDRESSA MILENE PARENTE NOGUEIRA1, RICARDO FIGUEIRA2, VITOR MASSAMI IMAIZUMI3, WALDEMAR GASTONI VENTURINI FILHO4

 

1Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas. Avenida Universitária, n°3780, Altos do Paraíso, CEP. 18610-034, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil. andressa_nogueira@yahoo.com.br

2Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas. Avenida Universitária, n°3780, Altos do Paraíso, CEP. 18610-034, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil. ricardo.figueira@unesp.br

3Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas. Avenida Universitária, n°3780, Altos do Paraíso, CEP. 18610-034, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil. vtr_massami@hotmail.com

4Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas. Avenida Universitária, n°3780, Altos do Paraíso, CEP. 18610-034, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil. waldemar.venturini@unesp.br

 

RESUMO: Este trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar, por meio de análises físico-químicas, polpas, sucos tropicais e néctares de goiaba e averiguar se os mesmos atendem aos Padrões de Identidade e Qualidade (PIQ) exigidos pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA). Foram analisadas três polpas, sete sucos tropicais (quatro não adoçados e três adoçados) e oito néctares (cinco convencionais e três light) quanto ao teor de sólidos solúveis (ºBrix), pH, acidez total, açúcares totais e ácido ascórbico (vitamina C). Seguindo os parâmetros determinados por lei, as polpas também foram analisadas para concentração de sólidos totais e ratio. Os dezoito produtos analisados estavam de acordo com a legislação em vigor.

 

Palavras-chave: Psidium guajava, parâmetros físico-químicos, legislação brasileira.

 

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL EVALUATION AND BRAZILIAN LEGISLATION OF COMMERCIAL GUAVA PULP, TROPICAL JUICES AND NECTARS

 

SUMMARY: This work aimed to evaluate physico-chemical guava pulps, tropical juices and nectars to ascertain whether they met the Identity and Quality Standards required by Brazilian legislation. Three pulps, seven tropical juices (four unsweetened and three sweetened) and eight nectars (five conventional and three light) were analyzed for soluble solids (ºBrix), pH, total acidity, total sugars and ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Following the parameters set by law, the pulps were also analyzed for total solids concentration and ratio. The eighteen products analyzed were in according to the legislation.

 

Keyword: Psidiumguajava, physical-chemicalparameters, brazilianlegislation.
Modelamiento de la disponibilidad de una estructura en serie reparable con dos unidades
Authors: Rodríguez-Figueredo Liliana , Calvache-Archila Álvaro
Published: June 2020

Cuando se tiene una estructura con dos componentes dispuestas en serie y en donde cada una de ellas tiene un tiempo de vida que se distribuye exponencialmente, y además las componentes son reparables, se establece un proceso de renovación, en el cual para que la estructura esté operando se requiere que ambas componentes estén en funcionamiento. Este proceso de renovación tiene un comportamiento semimarkoviano y se demuestra que, a partir de este, su función de disponibilidad es una de las incógnitas de un sistema de ecuaciones integrales, que se resuelve usando un método numérico diseñado para tal fin. Lo novedoso de este articulo es que se considera un proceso cuyo espacio de estados incluye el tiempo de reparación, lo cual es de utilidad en aplicaciones de ingeniería.
Characterization and functional properties of proteins isolated from flaxseed cake and sesame cake
Authors: Elsorady Muhammad Elsayed
Published: June 2020

Flaxseed protein isolate (FPI) and sesame protein isolate (SPI) were extracted from flaxseed and sesame cake as by-products, and their functional properties (water holding and fat absorption capacities, bulk
density, least gelling concentration, solubility, and emulsifying properties) were determined. Bulk density of the SPI (0.162 g/ml) was lower than that of the FPI (0.175 g/ml). The water absorption capacity of the FPI (305.66%) was higher than that of the SPI (288.93%). The oil absorption capacity and least gelling capacity of the FPI and SPI were 127.48, 3.6, 134.39, and 5%, respectively. The least solubility occurred
at pH 4.0 and it was 24.54, 9.56% for FPI and SPI, respectively. Levels
of pH and salt concentrations were used as dependent variables for the characterization of emulsifying capacity, activity, and emulsion stability, as well as foaming capacity and foam stability. The addition of NaCl at concentrations up to 1.0 M improved these characteristics. The SPI and FPI had a minimum emulsion capacity (74.54 and 100.20 ml oil/g protein, respectively) and a minimum foam capacity (14.25 and 17.35 %, respectively) at pH 4. The FPI and SPI were found to be highly soluble at acidic and alkaline pH and their emulsifying and foaming properties were high. Moreover, their bulk density, water absorption, and fat absorption capacities and least gelling capacity properties were
good. Therefore, the FPI and SPI can be used in food formulation systems.
LITERATURA, ENSINO E AS TICs
Authors: Ferreira Beatriz Pazini
Published: June 2020

A pós-modernidade oportuniza sensações de liberdade na criação e no rompimento com o tradicional. Atualmente, podemos caracterizá-la como “era da liquefação do projeto moderno”, pois a incorporação de novas tecnologias computacionais de comunicação possibilita o desenvolvimento dos ambientes virtuais como novos meios de apoio ao aprendizado, às trocas de informações, à comunicação, à interação e à disponibilização de material de estudo que agregam e disseminam interação. Então, entendemos que as TICs podem ser “espaços” que oportunizam ao discente se apropriar efetivamente das experiências estéticas virtuais fruindo-as, retendo-as. Dessa forma, o objetivo do texto é abordar o ensino de literatura em uma perspectiva pós-moderna  apresentando de que forma é possível oferecer condições para que o aluno tenha competência linguística literária e exerça, por meio da associação entre literatura e as novas tecnologias, consciência em relação às práticas sociais. Para isso, utilizamos abordagens explicativas em relação à definição e à aplicação do livroclip, visto que estes contêm transposição e representação dramatizada de obras literárias sendo interativa e digital. Aproveitamos as lições Bakhtin, Aguiar e Bordini (1983), Rocco (1992), Kleiman (2004) e Zappone (2008).
O DISCURSO TELEVISIVO E O SUJEITO TRANSEXUAL: SENTIDOS E SILENCIAMENTOS NA MÍDIA
Authors: DENARDIN JAQUELINE ANGELO DOS SANTOS
Published: June 2020

Neste trabalho, a partir da perspectiva teórica da Análise de Discurso (PÊCHEUX, 1969, 1975), articulada aos estudos do gênero (BEAUVOIR, 1967,1970; BENTO 2008; BUTLER 2003, 2011), pretendemos analisar a série “Quem sou eu?”, transmitida pelo programa televisivo da Rede Globo de Televisão Fantástico. Realizada em quatro episódios, com circulação em quatro domingos consecutivos, entre os meses de março e abril de 2017, a série abordou o tema da transexualidade e as demandas pertinentes e “inerentes” ao sujeito transexual, tais como: as “escolhas” de quem nasceu no corpo “errado”; a repercussão na vida escolar e acadêmica por ser um sujeito trans; a questão da automedicação e tratamento(s); a cirurgia de transgenitalização e os relacionamentos no “mundo transgênero”, tanto em relação às questões de afeto familiar quanto às questões de desejo sexual. O objetivo principal é analisar como a série, que é narrada, metaforicamente, ancorada na história infantil “Alice no País das Maravilhas”, traz o(s) dizer(es) como um modo de fazer falar o tema da transexualidade. Nossa dissertação tem como intuito analisar o funcionamento ideológico que permeia as discussões feitas pelo programa televisivo acerca desse tema – assunto que tem sido pivô de várias discussões na contemporaneidade com repercussão social intensa, o que justifica cientificamente a nossa pesquisa e a necessidade de abordar a transexualidade no espaço de produção científica, para que não tenha, como dito, somente o que é produzido pelo senso comum, possibilitando, assim, uma construção epistemológica do conhecimento e saberes sobre a transexualidade. Portanto, este trabalho teve a intenção de compreender como se sustentam efeitos de sentidos – ditos e não ditos – em dizeres produzidos pelo discurso televisivo de tal programa; ademais, analisou como os sujeitos trans se dizem e são ditos nessa série sobre sua transexualidade.
“A CIDADE É UMA SÓ” E AS DESIGUALDADES SÃO INÚMERAS
Authors: Arcanjo Fábio Ávila
Published: June 2020

A desigualdade social é um tema recorrente na filmografia brasileira. Podemos estabelecer como ponto de partida os filmes desenvolvidos pela “Caravana Farkas”, com destaque para os realizados na década de 1960. O ponto nevrálgico desses filmes era evidenciar as desigualdades existentes no país, fazendo um contraponto com a produção propagandista, em voga, que buscava criar imagens ufanistas do país. A partir daí, inúmeras produções voltadas para temáticas sociais foram e continuam sendo concebidas. Diante disso, é pertinente nos perguntarmos: qual a importância do trabalho de um cineasta como Adirley Queiroz? É possível responder essa questão analisando o tema abordado em seus filmes e a mise-en-scène utilizada para transformá-los em discurso fílmico, em que há um trabalho de rememoração do processo de exclusão social decorrente da construção e inauguração da cidade de Brasília. Em suma: há um abismo entre o plano piloto e as cidades satélites e o cineasta volta o seu olhar para essa relação desigual. Isto posto, adotamos como corpus para o presente artigo o documentário “A cidade é uma só?”, produzido em 2011 e nossa análise se pautará no processo de discursivização da memória.
CIÊNCIA DE ALMANAQUE: DIVULGAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA NAS PÁGINAS DE EU SEI TUDO
Authors: Azevedo Dunya Pinto , Martins Clara Del’Amore Reggiani , Silva Duane Henrique Alves do Carvalho , Barbosa Luiz Henrique , Rodrigues Ulisses Dos Passos , Cruz Izabel Marques
Published: June 2020

Este artigo se propõe a analisar material de cunho científico que se mostrou relevante nas publicações de 1943 a 1952 do almanaque Eu sei tudo. Foram investigados a forma como o conhecimento relativo à ciência era tratado na época, as temáticas mais frequentes, a linguagem utilizada, os artifícios empregados, tudo isso levando em conta o público ao qual a publicação era direcionada. Para isso, fizemos um levantamento de todas as matérias relacionadas ao tema e selecionamos as que mais se aproximavam dos temas "tecnologia" e "ciência". Nossas análises permitiram concluir que, embora não possam ser definidos como "jornalismo científico", pois essa especialização não estava consolidada no campo da comunicação social, os textos possuem um caráter didático e utilizam artifícios para facilitar o entendimento do leitor, como infográficos e ilustrações. O caráter anedótico de algumas matérias e a não comprovação de algumas afirmações permitiu-nos que fizéssemos uma aproximação de seu conteúdo informacional com a ficção literária. Verificou-se, ainda, a influência da cultura norte-americana em alguns dos textos analisados. Os hábitos e a cultura norte-americana serão usados para exemplificar alguns argumentos e os Estados Unidos serão vistos como um exemplo a ser copiado quando o assunto é desenvolvimento tecnológico e científico.
UKRAINIAN OIKONYMS MOTIVATED BY PLANT NAMES AS THE SOURCE OF STUDYING HISTORY OF THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE
Authors: Bondarenko Maksym
Published: June 2020

The article analyzes the Ukrainian oikonyms motivated by plant names as an important source of studying the historical development of the Ukrainian language. It also identifies a number of extralinguistic factors that had a direct impact on the naming processes. The units, fixed in the «History of Cities and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR» and «Administrative and Territorial System of Ukraine» for 2019 (current list of Ukrainian oykonyms), give an opportunity to trace the dynamics of the Ukrainian oykonymikon motivated by plant names and investigate certain phenomena of the history of the Ukrainian language reflected in the names of Ukrainian settlements. The studied units record the old phonetic features: the absence or presence of prosthetic sounds, the phenomenon of forthcoming vowels in the unstressed position, the simplification in the groups of consonants, the phenomenon of sound combinations rо, lо, ra, la, rе, lе and others. In addition, the lexical features of the oikonyms motivated by plant names, which as wide as possible reflect the specifics of the lingual model of the world of our ancestors, are noticeable. Plant names of folk origin, as well as the precedent plant names, which are an integral part of Ukrainian ethno- and linguoculture, were the motivational basis for the creation of a large part of the oikonyms. The emergence of oikonyms motivated by plant names in the Eastern and Southern regions of Ukraine is characterized by the significant influence of the Russian language. Taking into account the heterogeneity of the names of settlements, due to the wide zoning of certain parts of Ukraine, as well as the territorial features of the relievo, flora and fauna, we also have analyzed the regional specificity of oikonyms motivated by plant names. In this case dialect traits, which are widely represented in the names of Ukrainian cities and villages, serve as narrow regional markers and make it possible to compare the outlook and specific thinking of our ancestors who lived within different territories of Ukraine.
METHOD OF DESIGN ON PRACTICAL LESSONS OF UKRAINIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors: Derba Svitlana
Published: June 2020

The article discusses the expediency of using the project method in practical classes in Ukrainian for foreign students. This kind of work directs students to activate all knowledge and to form a new one while working on the project. In addition, this type of work is extremely interesting for the representatives of the jet nations, because it comprises both individual and collective work. The author lists a large number of projects and their types that can be offered to international students. But it should be beared in mind that the topics have to be interesting for the students and correspond to their age, education, level of knowledge of the Ukrainian language.
The expediency of using the project method as a form of realization of students’ individual work is substantiated. It will allow to teach students to find ways to solve a certain problem, to argue their choice, to create and correctly design their project, to submit a job, to be able to answer questions.
The teacher offers students topics and types of projects. Foreigners choose what they like. Further, the teacher should advise them on the structure of work, methods and timing, the presentation of the material and the results of the study. Students present their work, usually either as Power Point presentations or as videos. When working on them, it is of utmost importance that they voice and present their projects in Ukrainian.
The author draws attention to the fact that modern linguists emphasize the need to attract new methods, their techniques, technologies for teaching foreign students. The use of the project method will allow students to apply language skills, as well as to gain new skills while preparing for the work. Nowadays, the project method is a recognized methodology of a practically oriented education model worldwide.
THEMATIC-IDEOGRAPHIC ASPECT OF DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF EPONYMY
Authors: Yermolenko Serhiy , Ostapenko Maria
Published: June 2020

The paper focuses on the thematic-ideographic aspect of eponymic derivation and, correspondingly, eponymic derivation relationship. Eponymy is a three-member structure which consists of an underlying proper name, a derived eponymic lexeme (or phraseme), and the language-internal as well as extralinguistic relationship between the underlying and derived entities. Eponyms are derived from proper names (or onoma propria). From the viewpoint of thematic-ideographic classification, eponyms are categorized into various groups, such as realonyms and mythonyms, in accordance with what is their real world status: realonyms denote real objects, whereas mythonym non-existent or fictitious ones. In the group of realonyms, such thematic-ideographic subclasses are distinguished as anthroponyms, ergonyms, ethnonyms, zoonyms, cosmonyms, toponyms, chrononyms and chrematonyms (indcluding ideonyms), and in mythonym group, mythological anthroponyms, ergonyms, ethnonyms, zoonyms and theonyms (including daemonyms), toponyms and chrematonyms. Various thematic-ideographic groups of proper names differ in the degree of their activity with respect to eponym formation. Illustrating this, the authors draw on relevant etymological and semantic data: each group of Ukrainian, English and French examples is provided with etymological and semantic information. They also consider the problem of the special status of chrononyms and ethnonyms as proper names. Their study shows that in the abovementioned languages, the most productive with respect to eponymic derivation are anthroponyms and toponyms, and the most unproductive, chronomyms and chrematonyms, No eponyms are found to derived from onomastic fitonyms. An important part of eponym study, thematic-ideographic and other, is so called source critique, something which is demonstrated by the analysis of some entries of Etymologic dictionary of the Ukrainian language (ESUM), The present paper and the materials it contains are of interest for general linguistic theory research in the field of the overall semantic and semiotic potential of the secondary use of proper names as a whole and their individual thematic-ideographic subclasses in particular.
LINGUISTIC PECULIARITIES OF PERSUASIVE STRATEGIES AND TACTICS IN ENGLISH ADVERTISING OF ECO-FRIENDLY PRODUCTS
Authors: Karpova Kateryna
Published: June 2020

Прикметною ознакою нашого часу є те, що сучасна сфера рекламної комунікації являється ключовим каналом, який поєднує виробника та споживача, відтак саме реклама відіграє важливу роль у створенні та підтримці іміджу певної компанії чи бренду. Сьогодні всесвітньо відомі корпорації демонструють неабияке зацікавлення проблемами довкілля, намагаються привнести у свою корпоративну культуру ознаки екологічної освіченості, а також залучають креативних бренд менеджерів, які, у свою чергу, створюють такі переконливі рекламні кампанії товарів та послуг, що націлені на споживачів, якіпереймаються питаннями захисту та збереження навколишнього середовища. Відтак, статтю присвячено розгляду комунікативних стратегій і тактик, які використовуються як механізм переконання в англомовному рекламному дискурсі. Лінгвістичний аналіз явища мовленнєвого впливу з метою досягнення персуазивного ефекту здійснюється на матеріалі рекламних повідомлень екологічних товарів. Основними методами дослідження обрано контент аналіз, лексико-семантичний та інтерпретативний аналіз. У результаті проведеного лінгвістичного експерименту виділено та проаналізовано наступні комунікативні стратегії, які володіють значним персуазивним потенціалом у рекламному дискурсі: стратегія привернення уваги до товару чи послуги, які рекламуються; стратегія створення позитивного іміджу; стратегія оцінки та стратегія інтимізації. Окрім того, вивчено певні лінгвістичні тактики та прийоми, задіяні у процесі реалізації вищезазначених комунікативних стратегій.
THE ROSIE EFFECT OR THE DIALECTICS OF THE SOCIAL AND THE BIOLOGICAL IN THE EVOLUTION OF THE LEGAL MAP OF THE WORLD IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Authors: Zakharova M. V.
Published: June 2020

The author of the article analyzes various legal empirical aspects of the transformation of the legal map of the world in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. It is concluded that, by analogy with Graeme Simsion’s novel, these empirical aspects might be metaphorically described as the “Rosie eff ect” which is characterized by a dialectic unity of the social and the biological through Hegel’s law of the “unity and struggle of opposites”.
BLACK HOLES IN LEGISLATION AND GRAY ZONES OF ETHICS: ETHICAL COMMITTEES IN THE STRUCTURE OF LEGAL REGULATION OF GENETIC STUDIES
Authors: Przhilensky V. I. , Vergun A. A.
Published: June 2020

The article examines the world experience in the legal regulation of biomedical research, in which people are participants and during which problems of an ethical nature arise. The situation in the process of dissemination of foreign practices in the fi eld of legal institutionalization of bioethics in the Russian Federation is analyzed. Based on the material of Russian legislation, basic concepts of bioethics are explicated, such as the “gray zone of ethics”, “ethics committee”, etc. An example of the organization of bioethical examination to assess the possibility of genetic research is considered, for which geneticists, philosophers, and managers combine their eff orts , journalists, and the examination itself and its results are covered in detail in the media. The necessity of adapting foreign experience to Russian realities both in the fi eld of law and in other areas of social life is substantiated.
BIOETHICS AND JUDICIAL PRACTICE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IN THE FIELD OF EMBRYOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Authors: Ponomareva D. V. , Sorokina E. М.
Published: June 2020

This article presents an analysis of the main judicial decisions of the United States of America, which refl ects bioethical issues related to such a specifi c area of medical knowledge as embryology. It was established that the decisions of the American courts formulated a number of approaches to determining the rights and obligations of spouses in connection with the disposal of human embryos. The authors concluded that in the absence of direct legislative regulation, judicial practice for each specifi c case will outline the criteria for the implementation of reproductive rights.
RESULTS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR EURASIAN STATE AND LEGAL SPACE (COMPARATIVE STATE STUDYING ANALYSIS)
Authors: Gulyakov A. D.
Published: June 2020

European Union aiming at accelerated integration has done a lot of strategic and tactical mistakes. The most serious among them are liberal immigration policy and expansive judge-making of the European Court of Justice. Eurasian Economic Union has a chance to avoid pernicious mistakes of the EU. It´s important to limit the power ambitions of the executive organs and its Court. Cosmopolitan liberalism must be curbed and ideology of national self-esteem is necessary to cultivate.
PRINCIPAL APPROACHES TO THE CLASSIFICATION OF SCIENCE IN THE NATIONAL, INTERNATIONAL AND EUROPEAN LAW. PART I. PURPOSE-ORIENTED (TELEOLOGICAL) CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Tchetverikov A. O.
Published: June 2020

The article presents a comparative legal analysis of various approaches to the classifi cation of science in modern legal systems.Itisestablishedthatelsewherethelegalclassificationofscienceis based on two main criteria — the purpose and the subject-matter of scientifi c research.Severallegalsystemsemployadditionalcriteriasuchasthe mode of fi nancing of scientifi c research and its importance for State and society. Part I of the article deals with the main approaches of various legal systems to the purpose-oriented (teleolofi cal) classifi cation of science, including legal defi nitions of such concepts as «fundamental» («pure fundamental» and «oriented fundamental»), «applied», «industrial», «prospective» research.
ON THE ISSUE OF INFORMING RELATIVES ABOUT THE RESULTS OF GENETIC TESTS OF A PATIENT
Authors: Sakhipgareeva A. R.
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to some issues related to the doctor’s duty to inform the patient’s relatives about the results of genetic tests; attention is paid to ethical and legal issues.
UMA OUTRA PENA DE MORTE: a violência letal do sistema penal brasileiro
Authors: Oliveira Dal Santo Luiz Phelipe
Published: June 2020

A letalidade policial no Brasil tem sido um tema amplamente discutido e investigado, não somente por pesquisadores brasileiros, mas inclusive por órgãos e institutos internacionais. O presente trabalho não pretende revelar as determinações causais deste fenômeno, mas demonstrar como tal prática se configura como uma pena de morte oficializada. Para tanto, o artigo é divido em duas partes, ambas sustentadas por análises comparativas de dados secundários. Na primeira, expõem-se números e características da conduta policial, viabilizando uma apreciação sobre a hipótese do uso excessivo da força letal pela polícia brasileira. Na segunda, ao considerar também o papel do Ministério Público e do Poder Judiciário, a "pena de morte oficializada" é comparada tanto com a pena de morte oficial aplicada em outros países, quanto com a aplicação da pena de prisão no Brasil. De tal forma, conclui-se que a letalidade policial massiva não configura apenas uma prática de assassinatos "extrajudiciais", mas, em realidade, representa a aplicação de uma outra pena de morte na realidade brasileira.
O ESTATUTO JURÍDICO PRECÁRIO E CIRCUNSTANCIAL DO ESTADO ENQUANTO SUJEITO PRECÍPUO DA ORDEM NORMATIVA INTERNACIONAL
Authors: Diniz Pedro Ivo Ribeiro , Brant Leonardo Nemer Caldeira
Published: June 2020

O Estado manifesta-se como elemento cardeal e estrutural do Direito Internacional. A ordem normativa internacional deriva, fundamentalmente, das dinâmicas interestatais. O Direito Internacional carrega, contemporaneamente, a pretensão de definir seu estatuto jurídico. Inúmeras são as críticas e divergências, não obstante, quando os esforços concretos são direcionados para determinação de parâmetros para a caracterização do status de Estado e quais os desdobramentos jurídicos objetivos dessa condição. A análise do tema sob o prisma do Direito Internacional - por meio das vagas (e muitas vezes conflitantes) proposições teóricas; das exíguas e superficiais manifestações jurisprudências; da escassez e inoperância dos instrumentos normativos; e das contingenciais construções políticas - corrobora o argumento de que a qualidade de Estado ainda apresenta-se como um estatuto jurídico geral cuja determinação é menos técnico-jurídica do que circunstancial.
Effect of the insulin on the apolipoprotein a-i gene expression in human macrophages
Authors: Nekrasova Ekaterina V. , Danko Katerina V. , Shavva Vladimir S. , Dizhe Ella B. , Oleinikova Galina N. , Orlov Sergey V.
Published: June 2020

The aim of the article to study the effect of insulin on apolipoprotein A-I gene expression level in human macrophages and to reveal the main signal cascades which take part in the insulin-mediated regulation of apolipoprotein A-I gene.
Materials and methods. The experiments were carried out on the macrophages differentiated from acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 and on the macrophages differentiated from the monocytes isolated from peripheral human blood. The analysis of apoA-I gene expression was performed by RealTime RT-PCR (on the mRNA level) and by flow cytofluorometry. To study the signalling cascades which take part in the insulin-mediated regulation of apoA-I gene the inhibitory analysis was used.
Results. Insulin induces the human apoA-I gene transcription in macrophages, but decreases the level of the ApoA-I protein which binds to outer cytoplasmic membrane of macrophages. The insulin-mediated transcription of apoA-I gene depends on PI3K-AKT signal cascade and transcription factors NF-B and LXRs.
Conclusions. Taking into account our previous data it is plausible to conclude that the elevation of ApoA-I mRNA in human macrophages after insulin treatment leads to an increase of the amplitude of macrophages anti-inflammatory response, which consists in a sharp rise in the level of surface ApoA-I in macrophages under the some proinflammatory stimuli (TNF, LPS).
Comparison of flow cytometry-based apoptosis detection methods for measuring of human native and cryopreserved spermatozoids viability
Authors: Dotsenko Anna A. , Serebriakova Maria K. , Kudryavtsev Igor V. , Sukhachev Alexander N. , Polevshchikov Alexander V.
Published: June 2020

The aim of the study was to compare the ability of various media for cryopreservation of sperm to ensure their viability after thawing and to assess the possibility of using Narcissus pseudonarcissus lectin to determine the viability of native and cryopreserved human sperm by flow cytometry.
Materials and methods. Used ejaculate 54 men aged 26 to 47 years, undergoing treatment for infertility. The control was a native ejaculate, which was also used for the in vitro fertilization procedure. Four parallel samples were frozen using various commercial media. After storage and thawing, spermatozoa viability was assessed by flow cytometry using three dyes and Narcissus pseudonarcissus lectin.
Results. All assays showed that cryopreservation led to a twofold decrease of sperm viability, dye to the changes in the composition and properties of cell membrane, decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as the damages of acrosomal complex and nucleus. The lowest decrease in sperm viability was shown for Quinns advantage sperm freezing medium for cryopreservation.
Conclusion. Flow cytometry makes it possible to evaluate with high efficiency sperm viability as the part of in vitro fertilization. The results of viability assessment using daffodil lectin make the prediction of in vitro fertilization outcome more accurate.
The role of endothelium in atherogenesis: dependence of atherosclerosis development on the properties of vessel endothelium
Authors: Parfenova Nina S.
Published: June 2020

This review discusses development of atherosclerosis as based on the evidence for its dependence on the properties of vessel endothelium. There is a detailed description of the mechanisms of atherogenesis, that were studied earlier, of the processes of endothelial transport, including caveola-dependent pathway and also the hemodynamic hypothesis of atherosclerosis development. The possibilities of the direct and receptor-mediated lipoprotein transcytosis through the endothelial barrier were discussed. A special attention was paid to the physiological function of autophagy responsible for the intracellular lipoprotein transport.
Diagnostic capabilities of posturological methods in extrapyramidal disorders
Authors: Kudrevatykh Anastasiya V. , Miliukhina Irina V.
Published: June 2020

The posture is the position of the body in space, the ultimate goal of which is to maintain balance in static and dynamic conditions. The balance of the body is due to a complex system of regulation. The field of knowledge that studies balance maintenance processes is posturology. For over 20 years, stabilometry as a method of diagnosing postural balance has been widely used in clinical practice. This method has found its application in patients with pathologies of central and peripheral nervous systems. In this review we present modern concepts of postural balance formation and mechanisms of postural balance maintenance, as well as diagnostic capabilities of stabilometry in patients with diseases of extrapyramidal system.
Potential role of lactoferrin in early diagnostics and treatment of Parkinson disease
Authors: Sokolov Alexey V. , Miliukhina Irina V. , Belsky Yury P. , Belska Nataly V. , Vasilyev Vadim B.
Published: June 2020

Incidence of Parkinson disease progressively grows with increasing age and percentage of elderly people in the global population. Clear understanding of the causes of dopaminergic neurons death in Substantia nigra and Parkinson disease pathogenesis are currently absent, not speaking of an efficient therapy. However, an early diagnosis of dopaminergic neurons degeneration and prescription of dopamine replacement therapy significantly slow down the rate of symptoms progression. An increased concentration of iron in Substantia nigra of Parkinson disease patients has been shown in several studies. In this review we summarized the data concerning a potential significance of lactoferrin, the iron-binding protein of exocrine secretions and neutrophils, for early diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson disease. Salivary and lacrimal lactoferrin levels in Parkinson disease patients were higher than those observed in the control group. Plasma levels of lactoferrin inversely correlated with Parkinson disease severity even after treatment with Levodopa, a dopamine agonist, and with monoaminooxidase inhibitors. Lactoferrin levels in cerebrospinal fluid of Parkinson disease patients negatively correlated with the tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentration. Lactoferrin treatment of rodents with several experimental models of Parkinson disease (induced by rotenone, MPTP) protected neurons and mitigated the symptoms of neurodegeneration. Some contradictions about the positive effects of lactoferrin as a remedy in Parkinson disease animal models and possible participation of lactoferrin in accumulation of iron in neurons are discussed.
The M2 Tidal Tilt Results from USArray Seismic Data from the Western United States
Authors: Martynov Vladislav G. , Astiz Luciana , Kilb Debi , Vernon Frank L.
Published: June 2020

We explore the detectability of M2 tidal tilt in the western part of the United States, using seismic velocity data from 40 stations in the EarthScope Transportable Array (TA) network. We augment these data with data from two additional stations both collocated at the Piñon Flats Observatory (PFO) in southern California (networks TA and Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology [IRIS] International Deployment of Accelerometers [IDA]). We find a good agreement between the acceleration-tilt derived from the TA seismic data with the theoretical model (body Earth and ocean loading for M2). These results are also consistent with prior studies using borehole tiltmeters operated at PFO (Wyatt and Berger, 1980; Wyatt et al., 1982). We find statistically significant M2 tilt anomaly responses that correlate with large lateral variations in rock properties in Yellowstone National Park, which stem from volcanic sources in the region. We also examined deviations in the M2 tidal tilt mode in regions with other geological features including the Cascades volcanic range and a large plutonic body located in Idaho and eastern Oregon. Of these, only the Cascadia data show evidence of lateral variances of elastic properties, similar to that of the Yellowstone Caldera (YC). We conclude that tilt measurements from seismic noise data can successfully identify relatively large structural changes in elastic properties of the crustal Earth (e.g., the YC) and significant change in the elastic properties (e.g., Cascadia subduction zone). But, when the features are smaller and/or have a more muted variation in the elastic properties (e.g., the plutonic body in Idaho and eastern Oregon), the induced changes in the tilt values are too small to be detected using TA data.
Método conglomerado-análisis discriminante-análisis envolvente de datos para clasificar y evaluar eficiencia empresarial
Authors: Fontalvo-Herrera Tomás José , De La Hoz-Granadillo Efraín
Published: June 2020

En esta investigación se desarrolla un método que integra herramientas de análisis multivariado con el objetivo de identificar perfiles característicos de las pequeñas y medianas empresas exportadoras pequeñas y evaluar su eficiencia empresarial, de manera que se apoyen procesos de mejora en sus resultados. Para lo anterior, se revisaron elementos teóricos asociados a la eficiencia empresarial y el cálculo estadístico multivariado, lo que permitió desarrollar una metodología que integra el análisis de conglomerados, análisis discriminante y análisis envolvente de datos para evaluar la eficiencia empresarial. Se analizaron 45 empresas pequeñas y medianas exportadoras de Cartagena-Colombia, en las que se identificaron 3 perfiles característicos con niveles promedio de eficiencia de 71,89% el uno, 70,93% el dos y 51,25% tres. El análisis discriminante mostró la pertinencia y relevancia de los perfiles identificados lográndose un 95,6% de clasificación correcta del modelo discriminante. Se concluye que las herramientas de cálculo multivariado analizadas en esta investigación son significativas para clasificar y evaluar la eficiencia de grupos empresariales.
Odd Lindley-Lomax Model: Statistical Properties and Applications
Authors: Ali M. Masoom , Korkmaz Mustafa Ç. , Yousof Haitham M. , Butt Nadeem Shafique
Published: June 2020

In this work, we focus on some new theoretical and computational aspects of the Odd Lindley-Lomax model. The maximum likelihood estimation method is used to estimate the model parameters. We show empirically the importance and flexibility of the new model in modeling two types of aircraft windshield lifetime data. This model is much better than exponentiated Lomax, gamma Lomax, beta Lomax and Lomax models so the Odd Lindley-Lomax lifetime model is a good alternative to these models in modeling aircraft windshield data. A Monte Carlo simulation study is used to assess the performance of the maximum likelihood estimators.
Study of serum creatinine phosphokinase and serum lactate dehydrgenase as prognostic markers in organophosphorus poisoning
Authors: G. Raghu , Gangannavar Ayyanagouda A. , K. Manoj Kumar B. , Rajoor Umesh
Published: June 2020

Background: Organophosphorus (OP) compounds are insecticides which are widely used in agriculture. Acute organophosphorus poisoning is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries like India. In a limited resourced country like India, we need cheap and easily measurable biomarkers for predicting prognosis.Objective was to estimate creatinine phosphokinase and serum lactate dehydrgenase as prognostic markers in acute organophosphorus poisoning.Methods: Total 94 cases of OP poisoning admitted to KIMS Hospital, Hubbali between January 1st 2017 to December 31th 2017 were studied. Detailed history, clinical examination and lab investigations like pseudo cholinesterase, serum LDH and serum CPK were carried out. Peradeniya OP poisoning scale was applied to all study subjects and the severity of OP poisoning was graded as mild, moderate, severe. Data obtained was analysed by different statistical methods.Results: OP poisoning is more common in adults of age group between 20 - 30 years, Incidence is was more in male patients, Mortality rate is 12.8%. Mean values of serum LDH, serum CPK were negatively correlated with pseudcholinesterase levels and it was statistically significant. Correlation between the severity of OP poisoning (based on Peradenyia score) and biochemical parameters like serum CPK, serum LDH, was statistically significant.Conclusions: The correlation between the severity of OP poisoning and biochemical parameters was statistically significant and they are usefull in predicting development of respiratory failure.
Correlation between echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy and microalbuminuria among hypertensive subjects in Olabisi Onabanjo university teaching hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria
Authors: Oresegun Olajide O. , Familoni Oluranti B. , Olunuga Taiwo O. , Akinpelu Akintunde
Published: June 2020

Background: Left ventricular hypertrophy is an adaptive response to volume and/or pressure overload, especially in hypertensive subjects. Microalbuminuria is a well-known predictor of poor cardiovascular outcomes in patients with hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria in hypertensive subjects and its relationship with LVH defined by echocardiogram in adult hypertensive subjects.Methods: The study was a cross-sectional comparative one involving 88 hypertensive volunteers with age and sex-matched normotensive controls. Detailed history, physical examination, urine assessment for microalbuminuria and echocardiogram were carried out on all participants.Results: The overall prevalence rate of microalbuminuria in the study was 29.5%. The prevalence of microalbuminuria in hypertensive subjects (43.2%) was significantly higher than in the normotensive counterparts (15.9%) (p=0.001). The prevalence of microalbuminuria in hypertensive subjects with echocardiographic LVH (81.0%) was significantly higher than in hypertensive participants without echocardiographic LVH (31.3%) (p=0.001). There was a positive correlation between left ventricular mass defined by echocardiogram and urinary albumin excretion in hypertensive subjects (r =0.422, p= 0.001).Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of microalbuminuria among hypertensive adults, especially those with left ventricular hypertrophy. There is also a positive correlation between echocardiographic left ventricular mass and urinary albumin excretion among adult hypertensive subjects.
Frequency of opportunistic infection in PL HIV and its role in monitoring of ART 1 failure
Authors: Singh Narendra , Kumar Lalit , Singh Desh Nidhi , Kumar Vipin
Published: June 2020

Background: There is so many opportunistic infection is present in PL HIV patient when patient immunity disturbed and their CD4 count decreased .this study was conducted for frequency of opportunistic infection in PL HIV and its role in monitoring of ART 1 failure. Aims and objective was to study the frequency of opportunistic infection in PL HIV and its role in monitoring of ART1 failure.Methods: This study was conducted in ART plus centre K.P.S. Post Graduate Institute of Medicine (G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur) tertiary care teaching hospital and is clinical (assessment with investigation) continuous longitudinal, prospective and retrospective, observational, single centre hospital based study at ART Centre, Kanpur and considered All the patient on 1st line ART treating attending in centre were screened for treatment failure decided by SACEP from 2016 to 2018.Results: In this study there was opportunistic infection present that maximum in oral candidiasis but overall tuberculosis is maximum that is considered pulmonary tuberculosis, extra pulmonary tuberculosis, tubercular lymphadenitis and tubercular pericarditis, Abdominal knocks, TBM. LRTI and chronic diarrhea is also present. The male and rural area are more having opportunistic infections and all are have CD4 count 100 to 200 micrometer /Litre.Conclusions: The opportunistic infection mostly are oral candidiasis and tuberculosis, present in CD4 count in the range of 100-200 /ml.it is the indication of ART failure during treatments.
Emerging pandemic COVID-19: myths and facts
Authors: Vadala Rohit , Princess Isabella
Published: June 2020

The first theory which has established itself across the world is that COVID-19 is a “new virus”. It is rather wise to call it a “new strain” of a pre-existing coronavirus since history clearly denotes cases of coronavirus surfacing the world in past years beginning as early as mid-1960s.Including this novel strain of the virus, seven strains of coronaviruses have been commonly associated with human infections. Coronaviruses are primarily respiratory viruses causing infections ranging from mild to severe involvement of the respiratory tract. The common cold strains of coronavirus are 229E alpha coronavirus, NL63 alpha coronavirus, OC43 beta coronavirus and HKU1 beta coronavirus.The acute respiratory distress causing strains are severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) beta CoV causing SARS, MERS beta CoV causing Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and the very novel COVID-19. Researchers and molecular biologists have confirmed phylogenetic relationship of COVID-19 with a 2015 Chinese bat strain of SARS CoV. Mutations to the surface protein as well as nucleocapsid proteins were demonstrated. These two mutations predicts the characteristics such as higher ability to infect as well as enhanced pathogenicity of COVID-19 as compared to older SARS strain. For this reason and with similarities in clinical presentation the novel strain has been named as SARS-CoV-2.
Problemas en la práctica clínica: los retos de la medicina basada en la evidencia
Authors: Feghali-Restrepo Antonio , Estrada-Mesa Diego Alejandro
Published: June 2020

El desarrollo de este artículo de reflexión surge tras el análisis de la práctica médica cotidiana donde se evidencian discrepancias entre estudiantes de medicina, docentes clínicos, médicos generales y especialistas en áreas médicas, en lo que corresponde a la marcada variabilidad en los enfoques terapéuticos en el personal clínico asistencial. Adicionalmente los conflictos derivados de la no aplicación de la medicina basada en evidencia por resistencia de ciertos profesionales de la salud, junto a las limitaciones de aplicabilidad de la misma en nuestro contexto socio-económico en particular, conduce al desarrollo de conflictos que dificultan la atención de los pacientes, distancian el personal médico, limitan el aprendizaje en las áreas clínicas, además de producir una perspectiva no integral ya que en la mayoría de las ocasiones se impone la decisión clínica sobre los valores y preferencias de los usuarios, cuestión además poco explorada dentro del ámbito académico. MÉD.UIS.2020;33(1): 59-65.
Sífilis congénita resultado de una Neurosífilis materna no diagnosticada. Reporte de caso
Authors: Cifuentes Cifuentes Yolanda , Angel-Müller Edith , Díaz Moreno Rosa Cecilia
Published: June 2020

En el mundo, se ha evidenciado un aumento de los casos de sífilis, de sífilis gestacional y de sífilis congénita. Se presenta el caso de un recién nacido con sífilis congénita,hijo de una madre con sífilis latente de duración indeterminada (VDRL 1:4 diluciones) diagnosticada y tratada a la semana 12 de gestación, VIH negativa, con compañero seronegativo para sífilis; a pesar del tratamiento con tres dosis de 2’400 000 U de penicilina benzatínica, no modificó los títulos del VDRL ni en el control de la semana 25 de gestación, ni en el momento del parto. En el posparto, la madre fue diagnosticada con neurosífilis y recibió tratamiento con penicilina cristalina durante 14 días. El recién nacido fue diagnosticado con sífilis congénita por presentar VDRL 1:4 diluciones, aumento de aminotransferasas, hematuria y proteinuria, recibiendo tratamiento con penicilina cristalina durante 10 días. La paciente evolucionó favorablemente y el control a los 6 meses fue normal.Deben fomentarse medidas útiles en la prevención de la sífilis gestacional: métodos de barrera, conocimiento de la enfermedad y asistencia a control prenatal. Es fundamental identificar y tratar a las gestantes con sífilis mediante tamizaje serológico para prevenir la sífilis congénita; el seguimiento serológico debe ser estricto para verificar la eficacia del tratamiento e investigar las gestantes que no modifican los títulos después del tratamiento. MÉD.UIS.2020;33(1):73-80