bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Spiral and Cartesian Acquisitions for Rapid Hyperpolarized 129Xe Ventilation Mapping in Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease
Authors: Zanette Brandon , Munidasa Samal , Friedlander Yonni , Ratjen Felix , Santyr Giles
Published: August 2023

A rapid 3D stack-of-spirals (3D-SoS) sequence was used for hyperpolarized 129Xe ventilation imaging in pediatric cystic fibrosis and healthy controls, allowing for 5x reduction in scan duration and breath-hold compared to a commonly used 2D gradient echo (2D-GRE) sequence. The ventilation defect percent (VDP) measured with 3D-SoS was not significantly different from VDP measured with 2D-GRE. Additionally, the transient drop in SpO2 associated with xenon breath-holds was reduced with the shorter breath-hold afforded by 3D-SoS. In future, the reduced acquisitions durations offered by 3D-SoS may allow for improved tolerability, or may be traded for improved resolutions.
Reproducibility of Functional Lung Parameters derived from non-contrast enhanced self-gated 2D Ultrashort Echo-Time (UTE) in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Yang Bingjie , Metze Patrick , Balasch Anke , Stumpf Kilian , Beer Meinrad , Rottbauer Wolfgang , Rasche Volker
Published: August 2023

MRI lung imaging is challenging due to cardiac and respiratory motion and the short T2*. In this study the reproducibility of lung function parameters derived from data acquired either from a breath-hold or free-breathing tiny golden angle UTE (2D tyGA UTE) technique have been assessed. Inter-observer and inter-measurement reproducibility was assessed for different lung parameters including lung density and qualitative and quantitative ventilation and perfusion. In general, a very good inter-observer reproducibility and superior reproducibility of the lung function parameters was observed for the free-breathing approach.
MRI quantitative assessment of muscular changes associated to a rehabilitation strategy in FSHD patients
Authors: Noël Camille , Michel Constance Patricia , Trabelsi Amira , Vansteenkiste Sébastien , Salort-Campana Emmanuelle , Cotinat Maëva , De Bovis Milhe Virginie , Bensoussan Laurent , Attarian Shahram , Bendahan David
Published: August 2023

Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy is the third genetic myopathy. Given that no therapeutic strategy has proved to be successful, rehabilitation has been considered as an interesting alternative. The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the effects of a personalized rehabilitation strategy using MRI by tracking fat fraction (FF) and contractile volume (CV) over time. The lower limb was scanned before and after a rehabilitation program. FF and CV remained stable over the training period. Clinical parameters evolved positively. FF and CV were correlated to isokinetic strength thereby indicating that both metrics could be considered as biomarkers of the pathology progression.
In vivo metabolic characterization of vegetarian diet effects on skeletal muscle using magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Sourdon Joevin , Roussel Tangi , Daude Pierre , Bernard Monique , Kober Frank , Rapacchi Stanislas
Published: August 2023

Vegetarian nutrition may contribute for metabolic differences that we proposed to explore non-invasively. 6 omnivores and 6 lacto-ovo-vegetarians underwent a 7T MRI exam including proton and phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure creatine (tCr), phosphocreatine (PCr) and triglyceride components in the soleus muscle. tCr and unsaturated fatty acids concentration were reduced in vegetarians but similar PCr/γ-ATP ratios were found. We show that vegetarian diet induces lower skeletal muscle creatine and different lipid profiles, which was not associated with altered bioenergetic reserve. This protocol opens new avenues to explore the impact of diet in skeletal muscle.
Using DL Reconstruction and 3D Directionally-Selective Crusher Gradients to Improve 3D Brachial Plexus Magnetic Resonance Neurography
Authors: Wen Yan , Tan Ek Tsoon , Lebel Marc , Kaushik Suryanarayanan , Fung Maggie , Sneag Darryl
Published: August 2023

To improve vascular suppression in 3D brachial plexus MR neurography (MRN) with FSE readouts, 3D directionally-selective crusher gradient technique was implemented. 3D Deep learning reconstruction (DLRecon 3D) with denoising and sharpening properties was applied to improve nerve conspicuity. Preliminary data showed that using both DLRecon 3D reconstruction and 3D crusher gradients resulted in improved image quality, image sharpness, and vascular suppression.
R1 and R2* Mismatch on Ferumoxytol-Enhanced MRI Predicts Response of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases to Liposomal Irinotecan
Authors: Ravi Harshan , Lorza Andres Arias , Costello James , Han Hyo Sook , Jeong Daniel , Klinz Stephan , Sachdev Jasgit , Korn Ronald , Raghunand Natarajan
Published: August 2023

Phagocytosis of ferumoxytol (FMX) by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) results in intracellular compartmentation, which has opposing effects on longitudinal (R1) and transverse (R2*) relaxivity of FMX. Pixelwise mismatch between apparent ferumoxytol concentration (FMXc) computed from post-FMX R1 and R2* maps can be exploited to identify pixels with high concentrations of phagocytosed (compartmentalized) FMX. Here we show mismatch on MRI, acquired 24 h post-FMX, measured in terms of compartmentation index (CI) greater than 1 and hypothesized to be indicative of FMX intracellular compartmentation, was predictive of the response of breast cancer brain metastases to liposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) at the individual tumor level.
Free-breathing liver T1 mapping for quantitative oxygen consumption
Authors: Wansapura Janaka
Published: August 2023

We introduce a dual flip angle T1 method based on respiratory triggered cine spoiled gradient echo acquisition. The method is used to assess the change in T1 of liver tissue between breathing medical air and 100% O2 in an animal model. Our results show small but significant decrease in T1 of liver due to hypoxia, indicating increased oxygen partial pressure in tissue.
EPR and MRI studies of microenvironment in pancreatic cancers. Mechanistic studies of combination therapy with gemcitabine and evofosfamide.
Authors: Otowa Yasunori , Yamashita Kota , Yamamoto Kazutoshi , Brender Jeffery , Devasahayam Nallathamby , Kishimoto Shun , Krishna Murali
Published: August 2023

Although gemcitabine (GEM) and evofosfamide as monotherapy has a weak effect on MIA Paca-2 and SU 86.86 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas respectively, yet the combination therapy shows synergistic effect on both tumor models. The purpose of this study is to understand the synergistic effects of combination therapy using multi-modal imaging methods. In MIA Paca-2 tumors, treatment with GEM induced hypoxia in tumor microenvironment by decreasing the perfusion, which can potentiate evofosfamide. On the other hand, in SU.86.86 tumors, evofosfamide increased blood volume and pO2 in the tumor microenvironment, to potentiate efficacy of anti-proliferatives such as GEM.
Adversarial Non-local Multi-modality MRI Aggregation for Directional DWI Synthesis
Authors: Liu Xiaofeng , Xing Fangxu , Wedeen Van , El Fakhri Georges , Woo Jonghye
Published: August 2023

Diffusion MRI is sensitive to subject motion, and with prolonged acquisition time, it suffers from motion corruption and artifacts. To address this, we present an adversarial non-local network-based multi-modality MRI fusion framework for directional DWI synthesis. Our framework is based on a generative model conditioned on a specified b-vector sampled in q-space, where it efficiently fuses information from multiple structural MRIs, including T1- and T2-weighted MRI, and B0 image, with an adaptive attention scheme. Experimental results, using a total of ten q-ball data, show its potential to synthesize high-fidelity DWIs at arbitrary q-space coordinates and facilitate quantification of diffusion parameters.
Super-resolution MRI using Novel Slice-profile Based Transformation for Multi-slice 2D TSE Imaging
Authors: Lin Jiahao , Qi Miao , Surawech Chuthaporn , Raman Steven , Wu Holden , Sung Kyunghyun
Published: August 2023

Multi-slice two-dimensional turbo spin-echo (2D TSE) imaging is commonly used for its excellent in-plane resolution. However, multiple 2D TSE scans are acquired due to their poor through-plane resolution. In this study, we propose a novel slice-profile-based transformation super-resolution (SPTSR) framework for through-plane super-resolution (SR) of multi-slice 2D TSE imaging. We utilized a large clinical MRI dataset in this study. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed SPTSR framework in 5.5x through-plane SR by both the visual comparison results and reader study results.
Perivascular Space Quantification with Deep Learning synthesized T2 from T1w and FLAIR images
Authors: Li Jiehua , Su Pan , Gullapalli Rao , Zhuo Jiachen
Published: August 2023

The perivascular space (PVS) plays a major role in brain waste clearance and brain metabolic homeostasis. Enlarged PVS (ePVS) is associated with many neurological disorders. ePVS is best depicted as hyper-intensities T2w images and can be reliable quantified with both the 3D T1w and T2w images. However many studies opt to acquire 3D FLAIR images instead of T2w due to its high specificity to white matter abnormalities (e.g. the ADNI study). Here we show that deep learning techniques can be used to synthesize T2w images from T1w & FLAIR images and improve the ePVS quantification in absence of T2w images.
Dynamic spectral modes of resting-state BOLD time courses in white matter
Authors: Li Muwei , Gao Yurui , Anderson Adam , Ding Zhaohua , Gore John
Published: August 2023

We investigated voxel-wise spectrograms derived from the time-varying spectral patterns of BOLD signals in white matter. Finite-window spectra are non-stationary but may be categorized into five distinct modes that recur over time. Close scrutiny of the signal profiles reveals distinct spatial distributions of the occurrences and durations of these modes, and such distributions are highly consistent across individuals. In addition, two communities of white matter voxels may be identified according to a hierarchical arrangement of transitions among modes. Our findings reveal the non-stationary nature of BOLD spectral patterns, and provide a novel spatial-temporal-frequency characterization of resting-state signals in white matter.
Accelerated free-breathing radial cine imaging via GROG-interpolated DL-ESPIRiT
Authors: Ryu Kanghyun , Li Zhitao , Sandino Christopher , Vasanawala Shreyas
Published: August 2023

Deep Learning based reconstruction methods have been vastly explored for accelerating Cartesian-based cardiac cine imaging via using unrolled neural networks. However, for non-Cartesian trajectories such as radial, these networks require substantial modifications (i.e., NUFFT-based data consistency) and requires collecting separate radial-based dataset, which may not be common in the clinics.

Here, we investigate a method to transfer the radial k-space data to the Cartesian domain using GROG-based interpolation. We show that DL-ESPIRiT trained with Cartesian cine dataset (with pseudo radial-like under sampling pattern) can be generalizable to reconstruct actual accelerated radial cine acquired on a scanner.
Memory Efficient Model Based Reconstruction for Volumetric Non-Cartesian Acquisitions using Gradient Checkpointing and Blockwise Learning
Authors: Miller Zachary , Johnson Kevin
Published: August 2023

The goal of this work is to reconstruct high resolution, volumetric non-cartesian acquisitions using model based deep learning. This is a challenging problem because unlike cartesian acquisitions and hybrid trajectories like stack of spirals that can be decoupled into 2D sub problems, fully non-cartesian trajectories require the complete 3D volume for data-consistency pushing GPU memory capacity to its limits even using cluster computing. Here, we investigate blockwise learning, a method that has the memory saving benefits of patch-based methods while maintaining data-consistency in k-space. We demonstrate the feasibility of this method by reconstructing high resolution pulmonary non-contrast and MRA acquisitions.
Accelerated Echo Planar J-Resolved Spectroscopic Imaging in Prostate Cancer and A Hybrid Dictionary Learning-Total Variation Reconstruction
Authors: Joy Ajin , Nagarajan Rajakumar , Saucedo Andres , Iqbal Zohaib , Sarma Manoj , Wilson Neil , Felker Ely , Reiter Robert , Raman Steven , Thomas M
Published: August 2023

Prospectively undersampled 5D echo-planar J-resolved spectroscopic imaging (EP-JRESI) data were acquired in 9 prostate cancer patients and 3 healthy controls. The 5D data was reconstructed using Dictionary learning (DL), Total Variation (TV), Perona-Malik (PM) and a hybrid DLTV method combining DL and TV. DLTV uses the gradient sparsity of TV and the learned dictionary-based sparsity of DL to further increase the transform sparsity of the data. The DLTV method unambiguously resolved 2D J-resolved peaks including myo-inositol, citrate, creatine, spermine and choline with an improved reconstruction that facilitates higher acceleration factors, leading to significant reduction in scan time.
Optimized Parallel Combination of Deep Networks and Sparsity Regularization for MR Image Reconstruction (OPCoNS)
Authors: Ghosh Avrajit , Liang Shijun , Lahiri Anish , Ravishankar Saiprasad
Published: August 2023

This work examines optimized parallel combinations of deep networks and conventional regularized reconstruction for improved quality of MR image reconstructions from undersampled k-space data. Features learned by deep networks and typical model-based iterative algorithms (e.g., sparsity-penalized reconstruction) could complement each other for effective reconstructions. We observe that combining the image features from multiple approaches in a parallel fashion with appropriate learned weights leads to more effective image representations that are not captured by either strictly supervised or (unsupervised) conventional iterative methods.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Spectral Registration with Deep Learning
Authors: Ma David , Le Hortense , Small Scott , Guo Jia
Published: August 2023

Deep learning is an effective image processing approach that has been enthusiastically adopted in Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS). Methods such as multilayer perceptrons (MLP) and convolutional neural networks (CNN) have been applied to frequency and phase correction (FPC) to help resolve frequency and phase shifts that arise in MRS. However, both methods need to be trained separately with frequency and phase offsets to perform FPC. In this study, we aim to introduce a spectrum registration technique using CNNs that perform simultaneous correction of both frequency and phase shifts of single voxel MEGA-PRESS MRS simulated data.
Volumetric patch-based image reconstruction for enhancing hyperpolarized 13C MRI with hybrid image guidance
Authors: Lin Sung-Han , Ma Junjie , Park JaeMo
Published: August 2023

This study presents a volumetric extension of the previously proposed patch-based algorithm for enhancing spatial resolution of 13C MRI. Feasibility of integrating structural and perfusion images as guidance for the patch-based reconstruction is also demonstrated with a digital phantom. The performance of the method was further tested for a hyperpolarized 13C lactate brain image using hybrid probability maps, created from T1-weighted 1H MRI and perfusion images.
Patch-based AUTOMAP image reconstruction of low SNR 1.5 T human brain MR k-space
Authors: Koonjoo Neha , Zhu Bo , Bhutto Danyal , Joel Suresh , Rosen Matthew
Published: August 2023

AUTOMAP has proved itself to be robust to noise especially in the low SNR regimes, however due to the fully connected architecture of the input layer, its applicability to large matrix size datasets has been limited. Here we propose a patched-based trained network that enables the reconstruction of larger datasets. Low SNR single-channel volume coil brain images were acquired at 1.5T with different pulse sequences and reconstructed with the trained model. Results obtained show significant denoising potential. An increase in SNR of 1.5-fold as well as an increase in SSIM was also observed.
Unsupervised Deep Unrolled Reconstruction Powered by Regularization by Denoising
Authors: Huang Peizhou , Zhang Chaoyi , Li Hongyu , Liu Ruiying , Zhang Xiaoliang , Li Xiaojuan , Liang Dong , Ying Leslie
Published: August 2023

In this abstract, we propose a novel reconstruction method, named DURED-Net, that enables interpretable unsupervised learning for MR image reconstruction by combining an unsupervised denoising network and a plug-and-play method. Specifically, we incorporate the physics model into the denoising network using Regularization by Denoising (RED), and unroll the underlying optimization into a deep neural network. In addition, a sampling pattern was specially designed to facilitate unsupervised learning. Experiment results based on the knee fastMRI dataset exhibit marked improvements over the existing unsupervised reconstruction methods.
A 31P MRS study of Target Engagement of Terazosin in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Xu Jia , Ernst Sarah , Reasoner Erin , Cross Stephen , Brinker Alivia , Keomanivong Cameron , Elias Zach , Thedens Daniel , Narayanan Nandakumar , Schultz Jordan , Welsh Michael , Magnotta Vincent
Published: August 2023

Terazosin is an FDA-approved medicine that has been used primarily for men and data for women are missing. For the first time, the target engagement of Terazosin in neurodegenerative diseases was assessed for both sexes. We chose the βATP/Pi ratio as a biomarker to study the brain energy metabolism and found strong correlations between the in vivo brain ATP levels to whole blood ATP levels. We observed clear sex differences in response to different TZ doses in both mice and humans. Our data suggest that the optimal dose for females may need to be lower as compared to males.
B1-inhomogeneity Correction of Hyperpolarized 129Xe Lung Ventilation Imaging Using Spiral
Authors: Bdaiwi Abdullah , Costa Mariah , Plummer Joseph , Willmering Matthew , Walkup Laura , Cleveland Zackary
Published: August 2023

Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI can non-invasively measure regional ventilation by mapping the spin-density of inhaled gas, thus providing insights into regional disease pathophysiology. However, the quantitative accuracy of 129Xe ventilation imaging is reduced by B1-inhomogeneity causing spatial variations in both coil sensitivity and nonequilibrium magnetization decay. These can cause lung function impairment to be either over or underestimated. We demonstrate these artifacts can be mitigated by generating flip angle maps from paired 2D-spiral images acquired in the same held breath. This yields quantitatively comparable results to those obtained with a conventional, 2D gradient recalled echo sequence in substantially reduced acquisition times.
Skeletal Muscle Metabolism in Obesity Measured by Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate
Authors: Chen Jun , Ma Junjie , Ratnakar James , Burgess Shawn , Malloy Craig , Park Jae Mo
Published: August 2023

Obesity is associated with insulin resistance and chronic inflammation, both of which are known to affect skeletal muscle metabolism. However, studies in the impact of obesity on metabolism mainly focus on adipose tissue, instead of skeletal muscle. This study analyzes the in vivo pyruvate metabolism in the skeletal muscle of obese volunteers with hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. The results indicate increased lactate production and decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in the skeletal muscle of obesity.
Is tissue composition driving regional variation in neurometabolite levels?
Authors: Joyce Julie , DeMayo Marilena , Debert Chantel , Harris Ashley
Published: August 2023

Metabolite concentrations vary across brain regions. What remains unclear is the degree to which this variation is due to inherent regional differences or if it is driven by the composition of the underlying tissue. Using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we show that apparent ‘regional differences’ in metabolite concentrations are driven by tissue composition for glutamate and glutathione. Furthermore, we provide evidence to suggest a need for a tissue correction for glutamate, glutathione and N-acetyl-aspartate that appropriately addresses differences in voxel gray matter and white matter content.
Order-Unity 13C Nuclear Polarization of [1-13C]Pyruvate in Seconds
Authors: Chekmenev Eduard , TomHon Patrick , Kabir Mohammad , Nantogma Shiraz , Abdulmojeed Mustapha , Mandzhieva Iuliia , Ettedgui Jessica , Swenson Rolf , Krishna Murali , Theis Thomas , Goodson Boyd , Adelabu Isaiah
Published: August 2023

This presentation covers the recent advances in spin physics and instrumentation of Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) in SHield Enables Alignment Transfer to Heteronuclei (SHEATH). Order unity 13C polarization for [1-13C]pyruvate was demonstrated for catalyst-bound species by SABRE-SHEATH, which becomes possible due to favorable 13C relaxation dynamics in a microtesla magnetic field. The magnetic field, temperature and co-solvents heavily modulate the attainable 13C polarization, providing an opportunity for optimization to deliver highly polarized [1-13C]pyruvate quickly and cheaply for biomedical applications. The design of clinical-scale hyperpolarizer is described for production of [1-13C]pyruvate and other metabolically relevant hyperpolarized contrast agents.
Saturation pre-pulse train optimization for maximization of cucurbit[6]uril hyperpolarized chemical exchange saturation transfer at 3.0 T
Authors: Grynko Vira , Shepelytskyi Yurii , Li Tao , Aalto Hannah , Ruset Iulian , Albert Mitchell
Published: August 2023

Cucurbit[6]uril (CB6) is a well-known hyperpolarized 129Xe (HP 129Xe) MRI contrast agent. Although in-vivo biodistribution detection of CB6 has already been achieved, no studies have been performed on optimization of the saturation pre-pulse train in order to maximize CB6 performance. In the present work, we demonstrate that utilization of sinusoidal saturation pulses for 129Xe HyperCEST MRI, instead of using conventional three-lobe sinc pulses, yields substantial improvement of CB6 HyperCEST performance and a significant increase in HyperCEST MRI sensitivity. In addition, lower detectable CB6 concentrations are reported for both types of saturation pre-pulses at 3T using a whole-body scanner.
MRSaiFE: towards the real-time prediction of SAR in 3T and 7T MR RF coils - a feasibility study with 10 body models
Authors: Gokyar Sayim , Saniour Isabelle , Robb Fraser , Nghiem Arthur , Kainz Wolfgang , Chaudhari Akshay , Winkler Simone
Published: August 2023

Significant RF power deposition in the body causing local specific absorption rate (SAR) in the form of hotspots is an important safety concern at 3T (128 MHz) and, even more so, at 7T (298 MHz). In this work, we expand the proof-of-concept of artificial intelligence based real-time MRI safety prediction software (MRSaiFE) to 10 body models. We show that SAR patterns can be predicted with a mean squared error (MSE) of less than 1% and a structural similarity index of above 90% for 7T brain and above 85% for 3T body MRI.
A small loop makes a big difference: Modifying trajectory of epicardial leads substantially reduces RF heating of CIEDs in children during 1.5T MRI
Authors: Jiang Fuchang , Bhusal Bhumi , Nguyen Bach , Monge Michael , Webster Gregory , Kim Daniel , Bonmassar Giorgio , Popsecu Andrada , Golestanirad Laleh
Published: August 2023

Infants with congenital heart defects, inherited arrhythmia syndromes, and congenital disorders of cardiac conduction often require cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). Some infants receive a CIED within hours, or even minutes, of birth. The presence of an epicardial CIED is a relative contraindication for cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to the risk of RF heating. We present results of phantom experiments and electromagnetic simulations showing that a simple surgical modification in the trajectory of epicardial leads can reduce RF heating more than 40-fold during MRI at 1.5 T.
Design of an asymmetric spiral RF coil for RF spatial encoding
Authors: Ha Yonghyun , Selvaganesan Kartiga , Hancock Kasey , Galiana Gigi , Constable R. Todd
Published: August 2023

Gradients in B1 can be useful as a source of spatial encoding for low-field MRI. Here, an asymmetric spiral surface coil is introduced that generates an RF gradient around the coil. Simulations have shown that the shape of the B1 field can be controlled by adjusting the spacing between the wires. The measured B1 field of the asymmetric spiral coil shows that the RF gradient is generated near the coil as shown in the simulation results.
Non-invasive MRI measures of glymphatic system activity associated with CSF-Aβ and FDG-PET uptakes in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Kamagata Koji , Andica Christina , Takabayashi Kaito , Saito Yuya , Taoka Toshiaki , Nozaki Hayato , Kikuta Junko , Fujita Shohei , Kamiya Kouhei , Wada Akihiko , Akashi Toshiaki , Hori Masaaki , Naganawa Shinji , Aoki Shigeki
Published: August 2023

We assessed the non-invasive MRI measurements, such as the diffusivity along the perivascular space (PVS) represented by ALPS index, PVS volume, and fractional volume of free water in the white matter (FW-WM), in cognitively normal subjects and subjects with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Abnormalities were detected in the subjects with AD and MCI, and theirALPS index and FW-WM values were significantly associated with CSF Aβ levels and FDG PET uptake, as well as with multiple cognitive scores, thus suggesting that a glymphatic system dysfunction could be associated with Aβ deposition and cognitive impairments.
Quantitative assessment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia brain injury based on T1 mapping
Authors: li Xing , Meng Xiaoli , Zhang Wei , Ren Huipeng , Zhang Yumiao , Wang Xiaohu , Fan Qing , Wei Xiaocheng , Ren Zhuanqin
Published: August 2023

In this study, we aim to investigate whether T1 mapping can be used to assess neonatal brain injury. It was concluded that the influence of bilirubin value on the globus pallidus (GP) and the posterior limb of internal capsule (PLIC) was obvious. Among them, the T1 values of GP, putamen (PU) and PLIC decreased with the increase of bilirubin.
Measuring the stiffness of subcortical gray matter structures with virtual MR elastography in preterm and term infants
Authors: Wang Miaomiao , Ge Yao , Li Xianjun , Liu Congcong , Yang Jian
Published: August 2023

MR elastography is a promising approach for describing biomechanical properties. Some studies investigated stiffness of subcortical gray matter (SGM), which are critical for cognitive. However, they have not been explored in infants. MRE has some limitations in application of infants, and this study aims to measure SGM stiffness in preterm and term infants using virtual MRE. Our study suggested that virtual shear stiffness of SGM were similar between the preterm at term equivalent and the term, and GP is the stiffest region. This finding suggested that virtual MRE is a sensitive method to characterize the SMG maturity in infants.
The application of High-Resolution Vessel Wall MRI(HR-VW-MRI) in determining the stability of intracranial MCA and BA plaques
Authors: zhou hongwei , zhao kexin , zhang tianjing
Published: August 2023

The stability of intracranial of middle cerebral artery(MCA) and basilar artery( BA) plaques related to the stroke events is a crucial issue. However, the discrimination of the plaque’s stability could be rather challenging. Compared with traditional imaging methods such as CTA, MRA or DSA, high-resolution vessel wall MR imaging(HR-VW-MRI) method could demonstrate the abnormality of the vessel wall .It could also potentially evaluate the stability of the intracranial artery. This study aims to compare HR-VW-MRI’s characteristic features of MCA plaque with BA plaque, and to figure out the relationship between plaques’ imaging features with the stroke events.
Transcriptomic Signatures Associated With Gray Matter Volume Changes In Patients With Functional Constipation
Authors: Cai Wangli , Tang Guangyu , Zhang Jilei , Zhang Ruiling , Wan Lidi
Published: August 2023

Functional constipation (FCon) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder, with a considerable proportion of patients has anxiety and depression. Neuroimaging studies have shown that the functional/structural abnormalities across patients. We aimed to better understand the relationships between cortical atrophy and clinical observations in FCon, and its relationship with the underlying molecular mechanisms. Based on the densely sampled gene expression data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas, we conducted the transcription-neuroimaging association analysis and found genes associated with the central nervous system and the bowel to understand the molecular functions of brain regions that are vulnerable to cortical atrophy in FCon.
Altered neurovascular coupling in drug-naïve attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Evidence from a comprehensive fMRI analysis
Authors: su shu , Chen Yingqian , Qian Long , Dai Yan , Yan Zi , Lin Liping , Zou Mengsha , Zhou Qin , Liu Meina , Zhang Hongyu , Yang Zhiyun
Published: August 2023

As the most common childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder, the pathogenesis of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is still unclear. Non-invasive neuroimaging methods open new avenues to characterize developmental changes in the human brain. Neurovascular coupling (NVC) reflects the close relationship between neuronal activity and cerebral blood flow (CBF), which provides a new mechanistic insight into developmental brain alteration. We aim to investigate the potential NVC alteration in ADHD children.
Disrupted topological organization in cerebral small vessel disease: A resting-state functional brain networks and graph theory study
Authors: Xin Haotian , Wen Hongwei , Feng Mengmeng , Guo Lingfei , Liang Changhu
Published: August 2023

We aim to investigate functional topological brain networks changes in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) patients with and without cerebral microbleeds (CMBs). We divided the subjects into three subgroups: CSVD with CMBs (CSVD-c), CSVD without CMBs (CSVD-n) and control. Then, we analyzed topological disruptions between groups using graph theory and related these alterations to clinical parameters. CSVD-c showed significantly altered global, nodal topological properties and disrupted distribution of hub regions, involving the default mode network (DMN), attention, sensorimotor and visual functional areas. These findings extended our understanding of neurobiological mechanisms of CSVD.
Are topographically segregated excitatory neurons in visual thalamus functionally diverse? An optogenetic fMRI study
Authors: Xie Linshan , Wang Xunda , Ma Teng , Chong Pit Shan , Lim Lee Wei , Cao Peng , Khong Pek-Lan , Wu Ed X. , Leong Alex T. L.
Published: August 2023

The dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) plays an essential role in visual processing. There are two types of topographically segregated excitatory neurons in dLGN with different outputs to visual cortex, suggesting functional differences when processing visual inputs at the subcortical thalamic level. However, their long-range functional pathways have yet to be reported. Here, we employed optogenetics in combination with fMRI to precisely target the two subdivisions of dLGN and examine whether these two types of neurons are truly functionally diverse at the systems level to facilitate various known complex visual processing functions.
Discrimination between High-Grade Gliomas and Solitary Brain Metastases in Peritumoral Brain Zone: Qualitative Analysis Using Relaxation Maps
Authors: Ge Xin , Huang Xueying , Zhu Kai , Wang Aijun , Wei Xiaocheng , Li Min , Shen Ying , Liu Wenxiao , Lv Ruirui , Yong Peng , Yang Xuhong , Wang Xiaodong
Published: August 2023

This work sought to identify a new non-invasive means to differentiate high-grade gliomas (HGGs) from solitary brain metastases (SBMs). It was concluded that the T1native, T2native, PDnative, and ΔT1ratio values were measured in peritumoral brain zone from synthetic MRI can be used as quantitative imaging biomarkers for distinguishing between HGGs and SBMs. The ΔT1ratio values have higher discrimination abilities compared with other parameters, which worth further study.
Advanced diffusion-weighted imaging for differentiating between glioblastoma and primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Kamimura Kiyohisa , Nakajo Masanori , Manisha Bohara , Fukukura Yoshihiko , Uchida Hiroyuki , Iwanaga Takashi , Feiweier Thorsten , Imai Hiroshi , Yoshiura Takashi
Published: August 2023

To determine whether time-dependent DWI parameters and microscopic diffusion anisotropy (μFA) are useful for differentiating between glioblastoma and primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), 51 patients with glioblastoma and 13 with PCNSL were examined. In addition to ADC at two different diffusion times, ADC difference (ΔADC) and ADC change ratio (rcADC) were significantly different between the two tumor types, while no difference was shown for μFA. rcADC showed the best diagnostic performance followed by ΔADC.
Diffusion–Based Virtual MR Elastography of the asymmetric features of neonatal white matter
Authors: Ge Yao , Li Xianjun , Liu Congcong , Wang Miaomiao , Zhu Linlin , Bai Pengxuan , Zhang Na , Feng Yuying , Yang Jian
Published: August 2023

Exploring the asymmetry of the neonatal brain white matter is of great significance for exploring the developmental rules and disease pathogenesis. Virtual MR elastography (VMRE) as a non-invasive technique has also enabled to relate maturation of cerebral structures to neonatal neurodevelopment in addition to conventional techniques.This study aims to explore the capability of diffusion–based VMRE in the characterization of the asymmetric of the neonatal white matter stiffness.The stiffness of neonatal white matter existed asymmetry, and there was a correlation between it and PMA. VMRE may enable to explore the developing brain at several levels.
Distinct brain structures prospectively predict posttraumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic growth related to COVID-19
Authors: Lan Huan , Suo Xueling , Zuo Chao , Pan Nanfang , Wang Song , Gong Qiyong
Published: August 2023

Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and post-traumatic growth (PTG) might develop after a major trauma, but their neurological bases are largely unknown. Here, we used structural magnetic resonance imaging acquired prepandemic to explore the neuroanatomical correlates in 115 college students. The PTSS and PTG scores were collected during the epidemic. We found that PTSS was positively associated with gray matter volume (GMV) in the medial prefrontal cortex, and PTG was negatively correlated with the GMV in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Our research revealed the neural underpinnings of post-traumatic consequences in healthy students, suggesting PTSS and PTG are two distinct psychological changes.
Free-breathing Water-fat Separation and T1 Mapping of the Whole Liver with Isotropic Resolution using 3D Golden Angle Radial Trajectory
Authors: Wang Yajie , Qi Haikun , Wang Yishi , Chen Huijun
Published: August 2023

T1 mapping of the liver has been used for the diagnosis and grading of the liver disease, and the evaluation of the liver function, while conventional liver T1 mapping techniques need breath-holding, have limited slice coverage or need multiple acquisitions. In addition, the accuracy of the T1 quantification is affected by the presence of fat in the liver. In this study, free-breathing water-fat separation and T1 mapping quantification of the whole liver was achieved within one scan using the proposed mGOAL-SNAP sequence. The quantitative accuracy and the in-vivo feasibility of mGOAL-SNAP have been demonstrated in phantom and volunteers studies.
Diffusion kurtosis imaging with multiple quantitative parameters for predicting microsatellite instability status in endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Dong Wan , Tian Shifeng , Chen Lihua , Liu Ailian
Published: August 2023

Immunohistochemistry is considered the most common method to determine the MSI status of EC, but this method is usually performed after surgery. Here, diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) with multiple quantitative parameters was used to predict microsatellite instability (MSI) status of endometrial carcinoma (EC). Results showed that there were good efficiency of DKI to distinguish MSI status of EC (The AUC of MK, Ka, MD, and Dr values was 0.763,0.729,0.731, 0.748, respectively).
Comparison of detection rate using compressed SENSE accelerated 3D T2-weighted FSE acquisitions and standard 2D acquisitions in bladder cancer
Authors: Ye Lei , Zhang Xiaoyong , Chen Yuntian , Xu Hui
Published: August 2023

Conventional T2-weighted images using two-dimensional (2D) fast-spin-echo (FSE) are commonly used in clinical scanning of bladder, with a drawback of high missing rate. This study compared the BCa detection rate between compressed SENSE accelerated 3D and conventional 2D FSE T2WI within the same patients. The results showed that the accelerated 3D FSE T2-weighted acquisitions had excellent performance at detecting lesions smaller than 3cm and on the uncommon site of bladder wall.
DPG-BUDA: Distortion-free diffusion-weighted renal MRI in small rodents
Authors: Liu Qiang , Mei Yingjie , Tao Quan , Lu Qiqi , Zhang Xinyuan , Feng Yanqiu
Published: August 2023

We introduced blip-up/down acquisition (BUDA) strategy for interleaved 2-shot EPI to achieve motion robust, distortion-free rat renal diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Dual-polarity GRAPPA (DPG) method was implemented to correct Nyquist ghost artifact while simultaneously reconstructing the undersampled 2-shot data, then the field map was estimated from the opposing-distorted images. The field map was incorporated into a joint reconstruction with a structure low-rank constraint across the two shots to eliminate distortion and phase inconsistencies. DPG-BUDA permits high anatomical integrity while holding high scan efficiency for renal DWI in small rodents, it has the potential to benefit the characterization of the renal microstructure.
Synthetic MRI with quantitative mappings for identifying HER2-enriched breast cancers and differentiating them from other molecular subtypes
Authors: Gao Weibo , Yang Quanxin , Wei Xiaocheng
Published: August 2023

In this study, we aim to investigate whether quantitative parameters of synthetic MRI can be used to differentiate among molecular subtypes and prognostic factors in patients with breast cancer. It was concluded that SD of PD-Pre was significantly different between HER2-enriched and non-HER2-enriched breast cancers, which displayed optimal performance than others. Quantitative T2-Pre, T2-Gd, SD of PD-Pre, and SD of PD-Gd were significantly different in the molecular subtypes and can further differentiate luminal breast cancers from non-luminal subtypes. T1-Pre, T2-Pre, and SD of PD-Gd were significantly different between triple negative (TN) and non-TN breast cancers.
Predictive value of IVIM combined with DKI for breast cancer axillary lymph node metastasis: A retrospective study
Authors: Zhou Zhe , Chen Yueqin , Zhao Fan , Sun Zhanguo , Yu Hao , Dou Weiqiang , Wang Weiwei
Published: August 2023

An accurate preoperative prediction of axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis is essential in clinic treatment. Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) have been reported as effective non-invasive imaging methods in reflecting internal complexity of tumors. Few studies have used DKI combined with IVIM in diagnosing ALN metastasis of breast cancer. Therefore, in this study we aimed to explore if IVIM and/or DKI was useful in evaluating the ALN metastasis.
Differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions using diffusion-weighted imaging with a fractional order calculus model
Authors: Wang Guanying , Gao Xingjun , Li Jianhong , Yang Dan , Wu Dongmei , Zhang Yunfei , Dai Yongming , Wang Chunhong
Published: August 2023

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a powerful tool for cancer imaging. Many advanced DWI techniques have been developed and applied during clinical practice. Since fractional order calculus (FROC) model was proposed, it has shown huge clinical potential for cancer diagnosis, prognostic prediction and so on. However, scarcely has the FROC-DWI been utilized for breast imaging. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that a new set of parameters (D, β and μ) from a fractional order calculus (FROC) diffusion model can be used to improve the accuracy of differentiating among benign and malignant breast lesions. Results suggested it’s feasible to use FROC diffusion model to improve the differentiation between benign and malignant breast lesions.
Fabrication and evaluation of bilateral Helmholtz radiofrequency coil for thermo-stable breast image with reduced artifacts
Authors: Lee Young Han , Song Kyu-Ho , Yang Jaemoon , Kang Won Jun , Lee Keum Sil , Kim Min Jung , Kim Eun-Kyung , Heo Dan , Choe Bo-Young , Suh Jin-Suck
Published: August 2023

The positron emission tomography (PET)-magnetic resonance (MR) system is a newly emerging technique that yields hybrid images with high-resolution anatomical and metabolic information. With PET-MR imaging, a definitive diagnosis of breast abnormalities will be possible with high spatial accuracy and images will be acquired for the optimal fusion of anatomic locations. Therefore, we propose a PET-compatible 2-channel breast MR coil with minimal disturbance to image acquisition which can be used for simultaneous PET-MR imaging in patients with breast cancer.
Correlation between Ki67 expression and DKI in ovarian cancer
Authors: Guo Xianglin , Song Qinglin , Li Ye , Chen Yulin , Liu Ailian
Published: August 2023

Symptoms of ovarian cancer are concealed, it is difficult to diagnose early, and the mortality rate is very high. DKI imaging can sensitively detect microstructure changes in tumor tissue and help preoperative assessment of Ki67 expression. This paper aims to study the correlation between Ki67 expression and DKI in ovarian cancer. The results show that the MK, Ka, Kr, MD, Da and Dr values in the DKI parameters have obvious correlation with Ki-67 expressions, and that the MK, Ka, and Kr values in DKI parameters were positive correlation with Ki-67 expression levels, and the difference was statistically significant.
Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM) DiffusionWeighted imaging in quantitatively evaluation of WT-1 expression in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Guo Jiajun , Li Ye , Liu Ailian , Chen Yulin
Published: August 2023

Ovarian cancer (OC) behaves more aggressively and has a worse prognosis than any other cancer involving the female genital tract. WT-1 was significantly upregulated in human OC tissues and closely associated with OC type, grade and FIGO stage. This worked aimed at exploring the value of Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) quantitative parameters for diagnosis of WT-1 positive OC. The results showed that D value provided a promising performance (AUC = 0.740, sensitivity= 88.2%, specificity= 70.6 %) in quantitatively evaluating WT-1 positive OC.
Comparison of Multiplexed Sensitivity Encoding and Reduced Field-of-view Technique for Diffusion-Weighted Imaging of the Prostate
Authors: Nakamoto Atsushi , Onishi Hiromitsu , Tsuboyama Takahiro , Ota Takashi , Fukui Hideyuki , Ogawa Kazuya , Yano Keigo , Kiso Kengo , Honda Toru , Tatsumi Mitsuaki , Tomiyama Noriyuki
Published: August 2023

The image quality and diagnostic performance of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) using multiplexed sensitivity encoding (MUSE) and DWI using reduced field-of-view (rFOV) technique in detecting prostate cancer were compared. Visual scores of MUSE-DWI regarding the visibility of prostate anatomy and overall image quality were significantly higher than those of rFOV-DWI. The diagnostic performance in detecting prostate cancer was not significantly different between MUSE-DWI and rFOV-DWI. MUSE yielded high quality DWI without reducing FOV and is expected to be more useful than rFOV technique for evaluation of the prostate including lymph node metastasis.
Radiomic Analysis of APT MRI for Preoperative Risk Stratification of Pediatric Neuroblastoma
Authors: Wang Wenqi , Xuan Jia , Liang Jiawei , Ma Xiaohui , Chen Weibo , Wu Dan , Zhang Hongxi , Lai Can , Zhang Yi
Published: August 2023

Neuroblastoma (NB) is most often diagnosed in young children, and high-risk NB indicates a poor prognosis and requires aggressive treatment. Here, we assessed the utility of radiomics for amide proton transfer (APT) imaging in the preoperative classification of high-risk and low-risk abdominal NBs. Thirty-three pediatric patients underwent APT scans, with 16 confirmed high-risk NBs and 17 confirmed low-risk NBs. Radiomic models were constructed from four APT-related metric maps using 7 classifiers, with their prediction performances evaluated by associated AUCs. The optimal model achieved an AUC of 0.86, demonstrating the potential of APT MRI-based radiomics for risk stratification of NB.
Imaging evaluation of pediatric IgAN and HSPN based on ASL and mDIXON-Quant
Authors: Zhu Yupeng , Peng Yun , Liu Xiaorong , Lian Jianxiu , Shen Zhiwei , Wang Jiazheng
Published: August 2023

It is difficult to identify IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and Henoch Schonlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) due to their similar image features on conversional MR anatomic images. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) and mDIXON-Quant MR imaging can provide more data about perfusion and relaxation time to evaluate the functional state of kidney. In this study, we explore to different IgAN from HSPN in pediatric patients with nephropathy using ASL and mDIXON-Quant MR sequences, and hope to improve accuracy in differential diagnosis of IgAN and HSPN.
Machine learning and the prediction of cerebral ventricular changes in fetuses with ventriculomegaly: a fetal MRI study
Authors: Chen Xue , Huang Zhou , Li Yonggang , Zhang Jibin , Gu Xiaowen , Li Zhisen
Published: August 2023

Fetal ventriculomegaly (FV) is one of the central nervous system (CNS) major malformations. Prenatal clinical research has seen only a few applications of machine learning. To our knowledge, radiomic machine learning for predicting the change of cerebral ventricular in fetuses with ventriculomegaly has not been reported. We discovered that a combination of clinical characteristics and fetal MRI features could accurately predict postnatal ventricular changes in fetuses with ventriculomegaly. The occipital lobe white matter on the dilated lateral ventricle side may play an important role in the pathophysiological process in FV.
Reconstructing a four-dimensional diffusion magnetic resonance imaging atlas of the fetal brain
Authors: Chen Ruike , Sun Cong , Liao Yuhao , Liu Tingting , Wang Junyan , Hsu Yi-Cheng , Sun Yi , Zhang Yi , Wang Guangbin , Wu Dan
Published: August 2023

Diffusion MRI (dMRI) is a powerful tool to characterize the developing brain, e.g., to map the spatiotemporal development of early white matter (WM) in the fetal brain and to quantify microstructural changes for diagnosis of prenatal disorders. We proposed a pipeline for dMRI atlas generation with fiber orientation distribution-based registration and shape update, and constructed the first spatiotemporal dMRI atlas of the fetal brain in a Chinese population of 90 normal fetuses from 24 to 38 gestational weeks. The atlas provided information for deciphering the morphological and microstructural development of WM tracts during the second to third trimester.
Cerebrovascular dysfunction leads to related Gray Matter loss in HIV infection
Authors: Wang Bei , Wang He , Chu Ying-Hua , Shi Yuxin , Cai Dan-Chao , Zhan Yi
Published: August 2023

We examined the effects of HIV on the structure of cerebrovasculature and the interactions among HIV infection, brain tissue volume and cerebrovascular structure. Decreased cerebral vessel volume, vessel length and branch number were found in people with HIV. HIV related gray matter loss was found caused by the decreasing vessel length. Additionally, decreasing vessel distribution in left insula was found in vessel probability atlas in people with HIV, which may relate to various clinical symptoms.