bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parotid metastasis of rare lung adenocarcinoma: A case report
Authors: Yan Ru-Xi , Dou Lin-Bo , Wang Zi-Jia , Qiao Xue , Ji Hong-Hai , Zhang Yan-Cong
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of malignancy-related deaths worldwide. The most common sites of metastasis include the nervous system, bone, liver, respiratory system, and adrenal glands. LC metastasis in the parotid gland is very rare, and its diagnosis presents a challenge. Here, we report a case of parotid metastasis in primary LC.

CASE SUMMARY

The patient was a 74-year-old male who was discovered to have bilateral facial asymmetry inadvertently two years ago. The right earlobe was slightly swollen and without pain or numbness. Computed tomography (CT) examination showed bilateral lung space-occupying lesions. Pulmonary biopsy was performed and revealed adenocarcinoma (right-upper-lung nodule tissue). Positron emission tomography-CT examination showed: (1) Two hypermetabolic nodules in the right upper lobe of the lung, enlarged hypermetabolic lymph nodes in the right hilar and mediastinum, and malignant space-occupying lesion in the right upper lobe of the lung and possible metastasis to the right hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes; and (2) multiple hypermetabolic nodules in bilateral parotid glands. Parotid puncture biopsy was performed considering lung adenocarcinoma metastasis. Gene detection of lung biopsy specimens revealed an EGFR gene 21 exon L858R mutation.

CONCLUSION

This case report highlights the challenging diagnosis of parotid metastasis in LC given its rare nature. Such lesions should be differentiated from primary tumors of the parotid gland. Simple radiological imaging is unreliable, and puncture biopsy is needed for final diagnosis of this condition.
The Novel Technique of Reconstruction of Neglected Distal Radioulnar Joint Dislocation in a Case of Two Months Old Midshaft Galeazzi Fracture Dislocation without Use of Tendon Graft – A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India., Tathe Pankaj , Jaiswal Nishant ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India., Chaudhary Sumedh ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India., Jogani Abhinav ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India., Kotangale Pratik ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India., Sakharkar Nilesh ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
Published: February 2024

Introduction: The Galeazzi fracture is a fracture of the middle to distal one-third of the radius associated with dislocation or subluxation of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) associated with high energy trauma. Injury to the dynamic and static stabilizers of DRUJ if unnoticed or poorly treated may lead to chronic instability which in turn can cause chronic pain and disability due to stiffness, decreased grip strength, forearm rotation, and symptomatic osteoarthritis Case Report: A 35-year-old gentleman sustained trauma after fall from a motorcycle presented after 2 months with radiology suggestive of midshaft radius fracture with dorsal DRUJ dislocation treated with open reduction, internal fixation with DRUJ reconstruction using a novel technique not described before in any literature. After 3 months, the patient had significant pain relief at the wrist joint and regained painless, near normal range of motion at the wrist joint with good hand grip. The patient showed improvement in radiological and functional scores. Conclusion: Reconstruction of DRUJ using this novel technique provides good functional outcome including pain relief, improvement in hand grip and movements at the wrist and elbow joint similar to conventional techniques of intra as well as extra-articular tenodesis without causing donor site morbidity to the patient with lesser instrumentations and significantly reduced operating time. Keywords: Galeazzi fracture–dislocation, DRUJ instability, DRUJ reconstruction.
Proving Disloyalty: Enslaved People and Resistance in Missouri’s Guerrilla Households
Authors: Flood Iain A.
Published: February 2024

Abstract: This work highlights the central role that enslaved people played in Missouri’s guerrilla conflict. During the Civil War, with the loss of male labor to armies and guerrilla bands, households in Missouri became ever more reliant on enslaved labor. This included guerrilla households, meaning that enslaved people played a much more active role in maintaining guerrilla bands than has been previously acknowledged. By aiding guerrillas’ domestic supply lines, enslaved people gained information that could prove their enslaver’s disloyalty. Aware that such information could be exchanged with US officers in return for freedom papers, enslaved people across Missouri seized the opportunity to escape. In effect, their actions created a second supply line, one that moved information out of Missouri’s slaveholding households and onto the desks of provost marshals. Enslaved people made the domestic supply line a tool of resistance and redefined the relationship between the army and Black refugees in Missouri.
Ivan the Terrible's Terror Territoriality in Moscow
Authors: Sidorov Dmitrii
Published: February 2024

Abstract: This paper discusses the spatiality of the oprichnina, the notoriously repressive and controversially divisive policy (1565–72) of the first Russian tsar, Ivan the Terrible. Although the chronicle provides a very precise description of its territory in Moscow, later reproductions and representations of the oprichnina have most often been incomplete or variously biased, arguably due to its complex spatiality as well as changing ideological contexts in the country, especially in the Stalinist period, when both Ivan the Terrible and Moscow as the capital of the so-called "centralized Russian state" were in demand as justification for Stalin's personality cult. Ivan the Terrible's oprichnina territory in Moscow evades simple binary classification. It could be better understood as "the other," a heterotopic ex-centric space constructed as a preventative infrastructure for real, local environmental challenges or an eccentric reaction to imagined global eschatological threats.
Spectroscopic Evaluation of PEGDM Hydrogels for Osteogenic Progression Monitoring
Authors: Jayawardena Imanda , Gautam Rekha , Andersson-Engels Stefan
Published: February 2024

To mitigate bone implant failure, PEGDM hydrogels were evaluated for their suitability for osteogenesis with the aid of Raman spectroscopy. Ability to detect hydroxyapatite as a spectral marker in hydrogels was also evaluated via Raman.
Hermite-Gaussian image scanning
Authors: Duplinskiy Alexander , Frank Jernej , Bearne Kaden , Lvovsky A. I.
Published: February 2024

We experimentally demonstrate how combining a recently developed super-resolution Hermite-Gaussian imaging technique with a traditional image scanning approach yields superior lateral resolution and image quality compared to either method alone.
Improvements in Optical Fiber Based Distance Sensor Fabrication for Ophthalmic Micro-Surgery Integration
Authors: Stancu Radu-F. , Marques Manuel J. , Henry Ross , Seneci Carlo , Sanderson Taylor , da Cruz Lyndon , Bergeles Christos , Hughes Michael , Podoleanu Adrian
Published: February 2024

When microsurgery tools are employed in invasive intraocular procedures, the confined space inside the eye represents a patient safety challenge. We propose an integrated fiber sensor, which measures micrometer resolution spacing between tool and tissue.
Solid-State Polymer based 1D and 2D Tunable Random Laser in visible spectrum
Authors: Kumar Bhupesh , Schulz Sebastian A. , Sebbah Patrick
Published: February 2024

We report tunable random lasing in 2D and 1D solid-state polymer-based dye-doped random lasers. In 2D configuration, we show that the laser emission can be red-shifted by either decreasing scatterer density or increasing pump area. In 1D system, we demonstrate temperature-controlled spectral tunability of a partially-pumped single-wavelength random laser.
The Topology of Twisted Fibres
Authors: Salter Brook , Roberts Nathan , Souslov Anton , Mosley Peter J
Published: February 2024

We explore methods for designing and analytically characterising supermodes in twisted topological photonic crystal fibre (topoPCF). We show that geometrical twist induces a pseudo-vector potential, leading to topological chiral edge states.
440 GHZ Bandwidth Frequency Comb via Fiber Loop Modulation
Authors: Avazpour Mahrokh , Blanco Marcos Delgado , Gautam Anil Raj , Barry Liam P
Published: February 2024

Our study presents a Fiber Loop Modulation-generated frequency comb by a fundamental loop frequency of 4 MHz with a 440 GHz bandwidth for around 20 combs, <7 dB flatness, 20 GHz spacing.
MQC - High Performance Metallic QPIC Coupler
Authors: Lee Heng Loong , Vallance Ryan , Chen Yang , Hii King-Fu
Published: February 2024

The paper report on the latest development of a high performance Metallic QPIC Coupler (MQC) which offers, low-loss, fibre-optic connections for quantum photonic integrated circuits (QPICs). The MQC is constructed from metallic optical benches that hold arrays of single-mode optical fibres, and they couple light to/from QPICs via reflective, freeform mirrors. They are compatible with multiple PIC platforms, including silicon-on-insulator and silicon nitride. Low losses are obtained with the customised mirror design that increases the efficiency of the coupling between the optical fibre and the vertical gratings on the QPIC.
Low-Loss Photonic Wire Bonds and Facet-Attached Micro-Lenses: from Telecom to Quantum Applications
Authors: Horan Laura Elizabeth , Skacel Sebastian
Published: February 2024

Photonic wire bonds and facet-attached micro-lenses are 3D freeform structures that enable high design flexibility while maintaining losses below 2 dB, crucial for high-volume production of compact optical integration platforms in advanced photonics packaging.
Brain tumor grading diagnosis using transfer learning based on optical coherence tomography
Authors: Hsu Sanford P. C. , Lin Miao-Hui , Lin Chun-Fu , Hsiao Tien-Yu , Wang Yi-Min , Sun Chia-Wei
Published: February 2024

In neurosurgery, accurately identifying brain tumor tissue is vital for reducing recurrence. Current imaging techniques have limitations, prompting the exploration of alternative methods. This study validated a binary hierarchical classification of brain tissues: normal tissue, primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), high-grade glioma (HGG), and low-grade glioma (LGG) using transfer learning. Tumor specimens were measured with optical coherence tomography (OCT), and a MobileNetV2 pre-trained model was employed for classification. Surgeons could optimize predictions based on experience. The model showed robust classification and promising clinical value. A dynamic t-SNE visualized its performance, offering a new approach to neurosurgical decision-making regarding brain tumors.
Secondary cavitation bubble dynamics during laser-induced bubble formation in a small container
Authors: Fu Lei , Wang Jing , Wang Siqi , Zhang Zhenxi , Vogel Alfred , Liang Xiao-xuan , Yao Cuiping
Published: February 2024

We investigated secondary cavitation bubble dynamics during laser-induced bubble formation in a small container with a partially confined free surface and elastic thin walls. We employed high-speed photography to record the dynamics of sub-mm-sized laser-induced bubbles and small secondary bubble clouds. Simultaneous light scattering and acoustic measurements were used to detect the oscillation times of laser-induced bubbles. We observed that the appearance of secondary bubbles coincides with a prolonged collapse phase and with re-oscillations of the laser-induced bubble. We observed an asymmetric distribution of secondary bubbles with a preference for the upstream side of the focus, an absence of secondary bubbles in the immediate vicinity of the laser focus, and a migration of laser-induced bubble toward secondary bubbles at large pulse energies. We found that secondary bubbles are created through heating of impurities to form initial nanobubble nuclei, which are further expanded by rarefaction waves. The rarefaction waves originate from the vibration of the elastic thin walls, which are excited either directly by laser-induced bubble or by bubble-excited liquid-mass oscillations. The oscillation period of thin walls and liquid-mass were Twall = 116 µs and Tlm ≈ 160 µs, respectively. While the amplitude of the wall vibrations increases monotonically with the size of laser-induced bubbles, the amplitude of liquid-mass oscillation undulates with increasing bubble size. This can be attributed to a phase shift between the laser-induced bubble oscillation and the liquid-mass oscillator. Mutual interactions between the laser-induced bubble and secondary bubbles reveal a fast-changing pressure gradient in the liquid. Our study provides a better understanding of laser-induced bubble dynamics in a partially confined environment, which is of practical importance for microfluidics and intraluminal laser surgery.
Net-432-Gb/s/λ PS-PAM transmission based on advanced DSP and single DAC for 400 G/λ IM/DD links
Authors: Yan An , Li Guoqiang , Xing Sizhe , Shen Wangwei , Hu Yongzhu , Sun Aolong , Shi Jianyang , Li Ziwei , Shen Chao , Chi Nan , Zhang Junwen
Published: February 2024

The escalating surge in datacenter traffic creates a pressing demand for augmenting the capacity of cost-effective intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) systems. In this Letter, we report the demonstration of the single-lane 128-GBaud probabilistically shaped (PS)-PAM-20 IM/DD transmission using only a single digital-to-analog converter (DAC) for a net 400 G/λ system. Based on the advanced digital signal processing (DSP), we achieve net bitrates of up to 437 Gb/s for optical back-to-back and 432 Gb/s after the 0.5-km SSMF transmission in the C-band with 128-Gbaud PS-PAM-20 signals. This work is the latest demonstration on ultra-high-order PS-PAM signals achieving net bitrates exceeding 400 Gb/s despite symbol rate limitations. Notably, to the best of our knowledge, the realized net information rate ([net bitrate]/[symbol rate]) of 3.37 marks a new achievement within the domain of 400 G/λ IM/DD systems, with promising implications for enhancing bandwidth efficiency in the upcoming 1.6-Tb Ethernet scenario.
Ecological and evolutionary dynamics of cell-virus-virophage systems
Authors: Nino Barreat Jose Gabriel , Katzourakis Aris
Published: February 2024

Microbial eukaryotes, giant viruses and virophages form a unique hyperparasitic system. Virophages are parasites of the virus transcription machinery and can interfere with virus replication, resulting in a benefit to the eukaryotic host population. Surprisingly, virophages can integrate into the genomes of their cell or virus hosts, and have been shown to reactivate during coinfection. This raises questions about the role of integration in the dynamics of cell-virus-virophage systems. We use mathematical models and computational simulations to understand the effect of virophage integration on populations of cells and viruses. We also investigate multicellularity and programmed cell-death (PCD) as potential antiviral defence strategies used by cells. We found that virophages which enter the cell independently of the host virus, such as Mavirus, are expected to integrate commonly into the genomes of their cell hosts. Our models suggest that integrations from virophages without an independent mode of entry like Sputnik, are less likely to become fixed in the cell host population. Alternatively, we found that Sputnik virophages can stably persist integrated in the virus population, as long as they do not completely inhibit virus replication. We also show that increasing virophage inhibition can stabilise oscillatory dynamics, which may explain the long-term persistence of viruses and virophages in the environment. Our results demonstrate that inhibition by virophages and multicellularity are effective antiviral strategies that may act in synergy against viral infection in microbial species.
Inference of annealed protein fitness landscapes with AnnealDCA
Authors: Sesta Luca , Pagnani Andrea , Fernandez-de-Cossio-Diaz Jorge , Uguzzoni Guido
Published: February 2024

The design of proteins with specific tasks is a major challenge in molecular biology with important diagnostic and therapeutic applications. High-throughput screening methods have been developed to systematically evaluate protein activity, but only a small fraction of possible protein variants can be tested using these techniques. Computational models that explore the sequence space in-silico to identify the fittest molecules for a given function are needed to overcome this limitation. In this article, we propose AnnealDCA, a machine-learning framework to learn the protein fitness landscape from sequencing data derived from a broad range of experiments that use selection and sequencing to quantify protein activity. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by applying it to antibody Rep-Seq data of immunized mice and screening experiments, assessing the quality of the fitness landscape reconstructions. Our method can be applied to several experimental cases where a population of protein variants undergoes various rounds of selection and sequencing, without relying on the computation of variants enrichment ratios, and thus can be used even in cases of disjoint sequence samples.
HIV epidemiologic trends among occupational groups in Rakai, Uganda: A population-based longitudinal study, 1999–2016
Authors: Popoola Victor O. , Kagaayi Joseph , Ssekasanvu Joseph , Ssekubugu Robert , Kigozi Grace , Ndyanabo Anthony , Nalugoda Fred , Chang Larry W. , Lutalo Tom , Tobian Aaron A. R. , Kabatesi Donna , Alamo Stella , Mills Lisa A. , Kigozi Godfrey , Wawer Maria J. , Santelli John , Gray Ronald H. , Reynolds Steven J. , Serwadda David , Lessler Justin , Grabowski M. Kate
Published: February 2024

Certain occupations have been associated with heightened risk of HIV acquisition and spread in sub-Saharan Africa, including female bar and restaurant work and male transportation work. However, data on changes in population prevalence of HIV infection and HIV incidence within occupations following mass scale-up of African HIV treatment and prevention programs is very limited. We evaluated prospective data collected between 1999 and 2016 from the Rakai Community Cohort Study, a longitudinal population-based study of 15- to 49-year-old persons in Uganda. Adjusted prevalence risk ratios for overall, treated, and untreated, prevalent HIV infection, and incidence rate ratios for HIV incidence with 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Poisson regression to assess changes in HIV outcomes by occupation. Analyses were stratified by gender. There were 33,866 participants, including 19,113 (56%) women. Overall, HIV seroprevalence declined in most occupational subgroups among men, but increased or remained mostly stable among women. In contrast, prevalence of untreated HIV substantially declined between 1999 and 2016 in most occupations, irrespective of gender, including by 70% among men (12.3 to 4.2%; adjPRR = 0.30; 95%CI:0.23–0.41) and by 78% among women (14.7 to 4.0%; adjPRR = 0.22; 95%CI:0.18–0.27) working in agriculture, the most common self-reported primary occupation. Exceptions included men working in transportation. HIV incidence similarly declined in most occupations, but there were no reductions in incidence among female bar and restaurant workers, women working in local crafts, or men working in transportation. In summary, untreated HIV infection and HIV incidence have declined within most occupational groups in Uganda. However, women working in bars/restaurants and local crafts and men working in transportation continue to have a relatively high burden of untreated HIV and HIV incidence, and as such, should be considered priority populations for HIV programming.
Risk of long COVID and associated symptoms after acute SARS-COV-2 infection in ethnic minorities: A nationwide register-linked cohort study in Denmark
Authors: Mkoma George Frederick , Agyemang Charles , Benfield Thomas , Rostila Mikael , Cederström Agneta , Petersen Jørgen Holm , Norredam Marie
Published: February 2024

Background

Ethnic minorities living in high-income countries have been disproportionately affected by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in terms of infection rates, hospitalisations, and deaths; however, less is known about long COVID in these populations. Our aim was to examine the risk of long COVID and associated symptoms among ethnic minorities.

Methods and findings

We used nationwide register-based cohort data on individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 aged ≥18 years (n = 2,287,175) between January 2020 and August 2022 in Denmark. We calculated the risk of long COVID diagnosis and long COVID symptoms among ethnic minorities compared with native Danes using multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression and logistic regression, respectively.

Among individuals who were first time diagnosed with COVID-19 during the study period, 39,876 (1.7%) were hospitalised and 2,247,299 (98.3%) were nonhospitalised individuals. Of the diagnosed COVID-19 cases, 1,952,021 (85.3%) were native Danes and 335,154 (14.7%) were ethnic minorities. After adjustment for age, sex, civil status, education, family income, and Charlson comorbidity index, ethnic minorities from North Africa (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.12,1.79], p = 0.003), Middle East (aHR 1.38, 95% CI [1.24,1.55], p < 0.001), Eastern Europe (aHR 1.35, 95% CI [1.22,1.49], p < 0.001), and Asia (aHR 1.23, 95% CI [1.09,1.40], p = 0.001) had significantly greater risk of long COVID diagnosis than native Danes. In the analysis by largest countries of origin, the greater risks of long COVID diagnosis were found in people of Iraqi origin (aHR 1.56, 95% CI [1.30,1.88], p < 0.001), people of Turkish origin (aHR 1.42, 95% CI [1.24,1.63], p < 0.001), and people of Somali origin (aHR 1.42, 95% CI [1.07,1.91], p = 0.016). A significant factor associated with an increased risk of long COVID diagnosis was COVID-19 hospitalisation. The risk of long COVID diagnosis among ethnic minorities was more pronounced between January 2020 and June 2021. Furthermore, the odds of reporting cardiopulmonary symptoms (including dyspnoea, cough, and chest pain) and any long COVID symptoms were higher among people of North African, Middle Eastern, Eastern European, and Asian origins than among native Danes in both unadjusted and adjusted models. Despite including the nationwide sample of individuals diagnosed with COVID-19, the precision of our estimates on long COVID was limited to the sample of patients with symptoms who had contacted the hospital.

Conclusions

Belonging to an ethnic minority group was significantly associated with an increased risk of long COVID, indicating the need to better understand long COVID drivers and address care and treatment strategies in these populations.
Labor unionization and real earnings management: Evidence from labor elections
Authors: Astvansh Vivek , Wang Beibei , Chen Tao , Qu Jimmy Chengyuan
Published: February 2024

By exploiting the local randomness in close-call labor elections, the authors find a negative impact of labor unionization at a firm on its real earnings management (REM). The finding suggests a managerial pressure effect of increased labor power. In a local regression discontinuity (RD) analysis, firms that narrowly pass the 50% threshold show a significant decrease in REM, relative to their peers that narrowly fail. This effect is stronger for firms headquartered in right-to-work states and when managers have less pressure to manage earnings. Evidence from a global parametric RD analysis and a multivariate OLS test using industry-level unionization measures confirms the external validity of results in local RD analysis. Overall, the research sheds new light on the economic consequence of labor unionization on employers’ accounting decisions.
Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of tourism eco-efficiency in the Yellow River Basin based on the geographical and temporal weighted regression model
Authors: Peng Donghui , Liang Zongzheng , Ding Yapeng , Liang Liuke , Zhai Aohui , Zhang Yan , Gong Xu
Published: February 2024

With economic progression in China, Yellow River Basin serves as a critical economic belt, which has also been recognized as a cradle of Chinese culture. A watershed is a complex structure of social, economic, and natural factors, and the diversity of its components determines its complexity. Studies on the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and factors influencing the tourism eco-efficiency at the watershed scale are crucial for the sustainable regional socio-economic development, maintaining a virtuous cycle of various ecosystems, and comprehensively considering the utilization and coordinated development of various elements. Based on tourism eco-efficiency, the coordination degree of regional human–land system and the sustainable development levels can be accurately measured. With the tourism eco-efficiency in the Yellow River Basin from 2009 to 2019, the present study considers 63 cities in the Yellow River Basin as the research area by adopting the super-efficiency slacks-based measure (Super-SBM) model. Methods such as trend surface analysis, spatial autocorrelation analysis, elliptic standard deviation analysis, and hot spot analysis were used to explore their spatiotemporal distribution and evolution characteristics. The geographical and temporal weighted regression (GTWR) model was used to determine the factors influencing the tourism eco-efficiency value. The findings are as follows: ①The level of tourism eco-efficiency in the Yellow River Basin is not high, exhibiting a fluctuating upward trend. ②The tourism eco-efficiency in the Yellow River Basin shows significant spatial interdependence and agglomeration. Furthermore, the track of the center of gravity moves from northeast to southwest. ③ The tourism eco-efficiency in the Yellow River Basin is affected by various factors, with the economic development level having the greatest influence.
High-volume, label-free imaging for quantifying single-cell dynamics in induced pluripotent stem cell colonies
Authors: Asmar Anthony J. , Benson Zackery A. , Peskin Adele P. , Chalfoun Joe , Simon Mylene , Halter Michael , Plant Anne L.
Published: February 2024

To facilitate the characterization of unlabeled induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) during culture and expansion, we developed an AI pipeline for nuclear segmentation and mitosis detection from phase contrast images of individual cells within iPSC colonies. The analysis uses a 2D convolutional neural network (U-Net) plus a 3D U-Net applied on time lapse images to detect and segment nuclei, mitotic events, and daughter nuclei to enable tracking of large numbers of individual cells over long times in culture. The analysis uses fluorescence data to train models for segmenting nuclei in phase contrast images. The use of classical image processing routines to segment fluorescent nuclei precludes the need for manual annotation. We optimize and evaluate the accuracy of automated annotation to assure the reliability of the training. The model is generalizable in that it performs well on different datasets with an average F1 score of 0.94, on cells at different densities, and on cells from different pluripotent cell lines. The method allows us to assess, in a non-invasive manner, rates of mitosis and cell division which serve as indicators of cell state and cell health. We assess these parameters in up to hundreds of thousands of cells in culture for more than 36 hours, at different locations in the colonies, and as a function of excitation light exposure.
Selection of ethanol tolerant strains of Candida albicans by repeated ethanol exposure results in strains with reduced susceptibility to fluconazole
Authors: Day Andrew W. , Kumamoto Carol A.
Published: February 2024

Candida albicans is a commensal yeast that has important impacts on host metabolism and immune function, and can establish life-threatening infections in immunocompromised individuals. Previously, C. albicans colonization has been shown to contribute to the progression and severity of alcoholic liver disease. However, relatively little is known about how C. albicans responds to changing environmental conditions in the GI tract of individuals with alcohol use disorder, namely repeated exposure to ethanol. In this study, we repeatedly exposed C. albicans to high concentrations (10% vol/vol) of ethanol—a concentration that can be observed in the upper GI tract of humans following consumption of alcohol. Following this repeated exposure protocol, ethanol small colony (Esc) variants of C. albicans isolated from these populations exhibited increased ethanol tolerance, altered transcriptional responses to ethanol, and cross-resistance/tolerance to the frontline antifungal fluconazole. These Esc strains exhibited chromosomal copy number variations and carried polymorphisms in genes previously associated with the acquisition of fluconazole resistance during human infection. This study identifies a selective pressure that can result in evolution of fluconazole tolerance and resistance without previous exposure to the drug.
Getting creative: Using art-based techniques to identify how arts organizations enhance young people’s well-being
Authors: Fried Leanne , Lovering Christine , Falconer Sarah , Francis Jacinta , Johnston Robyn , Lombardi Karen , Blue Lilly , Morris Julia E.
Published: February 2024

Mental health concerns present significant challenges for Australian youth. Arts organizations play a key role in promoting preventative mental health strategies through enhancing the social and emotional well-being (SEWB) of youth. However, little is known about how the arts promote SEWB and the processes and contexts through which this occurs. This article describes a 2021 workshop conducted on the lands of Whadyuk Noongar in Boorloo, Perth, Western Australia as phase 1 of a research project aimed to improve the capacity of arts organizations to promote SEWB. Utilizing tableau, lightbox activities, and focus groups, the workshop employed art-based data-collection to identify approaches used by arts organizations to promote the SEWB of youth. The approaches encompassed developing empowerment and agency, creating safe spaces, connecting, and collaborating and encouraging emotion awareness. Given the high engagement of participants in the data collection process, art-based activities will be used in future phases of the project.
The agency of published research, a journal as the means to expand a nascent field
Authors: Barbieri Donatella
Published: February 2024

The range of texts in this issue affirms not only the significance of costume as nexus for multifaceted and important advances in scholarship and practice research, but also how these enable new frames of reference in other areas of scholarship. Considering research publishing that redefines the meaning of the subject through the pages of a research journal,Studies in Costume & Performanceadvances expositions of costume as profoundly relational, embodying ways of being (and performing) in the world that are entangled with others, with the environment and with the material world through research.
Kantor’s encounters with a rhinoceros: ‘Costumology’ between material and metaphor
Authors: Twitchin Mischa
Published: February 2024

Exploring the example of an exhibition of costumes at the Cricoteka – the archive of Tadeusz Kantor – this article addresses the question of costume in performance through reading with several of Kantor’s essays from 1961 to 1962; specifically, ‘My scenic ideas’, ‘Encounter with Dürer’s Rhinoceros’ and his homage to ‘Maria Jarema’. Taking up Kantor’s suggestions concerning a ‘costumology’, in the light of his concept of an ‘inside out space’, the discussion focuses on the dynamics of metaphor and materiality in costume through reflection on what is specific to Kantor’s understanding of theatre making ‘on the plane of art’. His avant-gardist insistence on the artistic transformation of reality offers a critique of claims concerning naturalism in theatre and engages with what has since been widely recognized as ‘post-dramatic’ practice in the work of Kantor’s Cricot 2 theatre.
Costume in Motion: A Guide to Collaboration for Costume Design and Choreography, E. Shura Pollatsek (2021)
Authors: Helve Tua
Published: February 2024

Review of: Costume in Motion: A Guide to Collaboration for Costume Design and Choreography, E. Shura Pollatsek (2021)

New York and Abingdon: Focal Press and Routledge, 218 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-81536-687-4, p/bk, £38.99

ISBN 978-0-81536-688-1, h/bk, £120

ISBN 978-1-35125-852-4, e-book, £35.09
Detecção de Bacillus cereus em leite pasteurizado e UHT comercializados na Serra Gaúcha, RS
Authors: Cortellini Rui Angélica , Cattani Fernanda , Dalzochio Thaís
Published: February 2024

A presença da bactéria Bacillus cereus no leite reflete um importante problema à indústria de laticínios, devido à sua habilidade de esporulação e à possibilidade de o esporo resistir ao tratamento térmico conhecido como UHT (ultra-high-temperature), podendo ocasionar a deterioração do produto. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a presença de B. cereus em amostras de leite pasteurizado e UHT comercializadas na Serra Gaúcha, RS. Para tanto, foram avaliadas 50 amostras de leite UHT e 10 amostras de leite pasteurizado provenientes de mercados localizados nos municípios de Farroupilha, Nova Prata, Veranópolis e Vila Flores. As amostras foram inoculadas em ágar MYP e a presença da bactéria foi confirmada através da coloração de Gram, teste de α-hemólise em sangue de carneiro a 5% e crescimento rizoide. No geral, 8,3% (5/60) das amostras de leite analisadas estavam contaminadas com o B. cereus, destas, três eram de leite UHT e duas de leite pasteurizado. A presença de B. cereus no leite apresenta um risco para a saúde pública, uma vez que este pode resistir aos processos de tratamento térmico das usinas que beneficiam o leite para consumo e causar surtos de doenças transmitidas por alimentos na população.
Typical Lipschitz images of rectifiable metric spaces
Authors: Bate David , Takáč Jakub
Published: February 2024

This article studies typical 1-Lipschitz images of 𝑛-rectifiable metric spaces 𝐸 into

R
m

\mathbb{R}^{m}

for

m
≥
n

m\geq n

.
For example, if

E
⊂

R
k

E\subset\mathbb{R}^{k}

, we show that the Jacobian of such a typical 1-Lipschitz map equals 1

H
n

\mathcal{H}^{n}

-almost everywhere and, if

m
>
n

m>n

, preserves the Hausdorff measure of 𝐸.
In general, we provide sufficient conditions, in terms of the tangent norms of 𝐸, for when a typical 1-Lipschitz map preserves the Hausdorff measure of 𝐸, up to some constant multiple.
Almost optimal results for strongly 𝑛-rectifiable metric spaces are obtained.
On the other hand, for any norm

|
⋅
|

\lvert\,{\cdot}\,\rvert

on

R
m

\mathbb{R}^{m}

, we show that, in the space of 1-Lipschitz functions from

(

[

−
1

,
1
]

n

,

|
⋅
|

∞

)

([-1,1]^{n},\lvert\,{\cdot}\,\rvert_{\infty})

to

(

R
m

,

|
⋅
|

)

(\mathbb{R}^{m},\lvert\,{\cdot}\,\rvert)

, the

H
n

\mathcal{H}^{n}

-measure of a typical image is not bounded below by any

Δ
>
0

\Delta>0

.
Quadratic differentials as stability conditions: Collapsing subsurfaces
Authors: Barbieri Anna , Möller Martin , Qiu Yu , So Jeonghoon
Published: February 2024

We introduce a new class of triangulated categories, which are Verdier quotients of three-Calabi–Yau categories from (decorated) marked surfaces, and show that its spaces of stability conditions can be identified with moduli spaces of framed quadratic differentials on Riemann surfaces with arbitrary order zeros and arbitrary higher order poles.
A main tool in our proof is a comparison of two exchange graphs, obtained by tilting hearts in the quotient categories and by flipping mixed angulations associated with the quadratic differentials.
Causal and Abstract Systems for the Transfer of Corporeal Movable Property – The (Un-)Importance of the Distinction in Light of Other Legal Mechanisms to Protect Transferees in Good Faith
Authors: Lusznat Leonard
Published: February 2024

280The article rejects the (possible) assumption that what is important instead of the distinction between causal and abstract systems for the transfer of corporeal movable property is (only) the protection of transferees in good faith. Its analysis takes five existing abstract jurisdictions (Germany, Estonia, Greece, Scotland and South Africa) into account. It identifies and examines three legal mechanisms (other than the principle of abstraction) to shield parties in good faith from the invalidity of preceding contractual agreements, that is, firstly, bona fide acquisition, secondly, relative effects of invalidity, and thirdly, (instant) acquisitive prescription. The article demonstrates that the (practical) relevance of adhering to the principle of causality or abstraction almost exclusively depends on the rules of other areas of law (delict or tort, unjustified enrichment, compulsory enforcement and insolvency law) as well as the three legal mechanisms protecting bona fide parties analysed – hence, the distinction between causal and abstract jurisdictions is indeed of limited significance. However, the protection an abstract legal system is able to offer goes in three respects beyond safeguarding transferees in good faith: firstly, for parties in bad faith, secondly, in two-party situations, and thirdly, for third-party holders of limited/subordinate real (security) rights, which is why the (possible) assumption raised above is rejected.281
Three-dimensional property: Current development trends on the Polish example
Authors: Kaczorowska Maria
Published: February 2024

126The majority of modern European legislations traditionally follows the concept of land ownership derived from Roman law. It is based on the assumption that the owner’s rights are unlimited in spatial terms. Within this understanding, the spatial scope of ownership extends to open space above and below a specific part of the land’s surface, delineated two-dimensionally. Several exceptions to the general underlying approach have been successively introduced in particular European legal systems in the course of historical development. These include, in the first place, building leases and apartment ownership as well as separate ownership of buildings. Furthermore, widely accepted limitations as to the vertical scope of ownership stem from specific regulations in the fields of mining law, geological law, water law and aviation law. Another manifestation of departure from the traditional concept of land ownership are legal solutions falling into the category of three-dimensional (3D) property, which is of increasing interest nowadays in view of growing needs for new forms of ownership and land use in densely built urban areas. At the core of the concept of 3D property in the strict sense lies the possibility to divide the space into distinct layers defined by horizontal and vertical planes, and to create so-called three-dimensional immovable properties which constitute independent objects of property rights. Such 3D units can serve multiple above- and underground investment purposes. Regulations regarding different models of 3D property rights have already been adopted in a number of countries in Europe and worldwide. Recently, conceptual work on layered ownership has been undertaken in Poland, which has opened a discussion in the legal scholarship on the future legislative changes to be implemented in order to introduce the notion of 3D property to domestic law. In parallel with these tendencies, the idea of 3D cadastre is being promoted. It offers 127the possibility to register real estate objects located at different levels. Worthy of note in this regard is also the impact of the current technological advancements on increasing the investment potential of urban space through 3D property formation. This article elaborates, first, on the general concept and selected types of 3D property rights existing in national jurisdictions. Against this background, the proposal for the new legal construct of layered ownership has been discussed with particular consideration of the possible ways of adapting it to the Polish property law framework. Some of the opportunities and challenges brought about by the 3D property rights development have been then outlined in the context of extensive implementation of emerging technologies in real estate transactions.
Achieving a Common Future for all Through Sustainability-Conscious Legal Education and Research Methods
Authors: Poto Margherita Paola , Murray Emily Margaret
Published: February 2024

This contribution explores ecological literacy as a critical facet of legal inquiry, focusing on expanding knowledge and practices oriented towards nature protection. Evolving to encompass interdisciplinarity and a systems-thinking approach, ecological literacy is crucial for achieving environmental sustainability. The study argues that integrating an approach promoting eco-responsible behaviors is essential for sustainability-centered legal research and education. This necessitates a shift in foundational pillars of legal methodology, moving beyond conventional dogmatic approaches and embracing a participatory and active dimension. The study provides a theoretical foundation for future applications for rethinking legal methodology to implement ecological literacy effectively.
On perturbation of continuous frames in Hilbert C
*-modules
Authors: Ghasemi Hadi , Lal Shateri Tayebe
Published: February 2024

In the present paper, we examine the perturbation of continuous frames and Riesz-type frames in Hilbert

C
*

{C^{*}}

-modules. We extend the Casazza–Christensen general perturbation theorem for Hilbert space frames to continuous frames in Hilbert

C
*

{C^{*}}

-modules. We obtain a necessary condition under which the perturbation of a Riesz-type frame of Hilbert

C
*

{C^{*}}

-modules remains to be a Riesz-type frame. Also, we examine the effect of duality on the perturbation of continuous frames in Hilbert

C
*

{C^{*}}

-modules, and we prove that if the operator frame of a continuous frame F is near to the combination of the synthesis operator of a continuous Bessel mapping G and the analysis operator of F, then G is a continuous frame.
Analytic solution to functional differential equations via Bell’s polynomials
Authors: Caratelli Diego , Natalini Pierpaolo , Ricci Paolo Emilio
Published: February 2024

It is shown how to approximate the solution of functional differential
equations in terms of Bell’s polynomials. Some numerical checks are shown, by using the computer algebra system Mathematica

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.
Busemann--Petty-type problem for μ-intersection bodies
Authors: Li Chao , Chen Gangyi
Published: February 2024

The Busemann–Petty problem of arbitrary measure for symmetric star bodies is proposed and studied by Zvavitch, which is a generalization of the classical Busemann–Petty problem. In this paper, we study the Busemann–Petty-type problem for homogeneous measure for general star bodies.
Suitability analysis of optical filters for enhancing performance parameters in a QPSK CO-OFDM modulation system
Authors: Kaushik Vikas , Saini Himanshi
Published: February 2024

Optical filtering affects the fiber impairments in a fiber optic transmission system and its overall efficiency. The fiber impairments like attenuation, dispersion, and nonlinearities are challenges to overcome. The optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (O-OFDM) modulation is among the techniques to overcome these challenges. This paper uses O-OFDM with coherent transmission (denoted as CO-OFDM) and quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) for modulating subcarriers. It is denoted as QPSK CO-OFDM modulation. This QPSK CO-OFDM (denoted here as QC) modulation system is further modified by introducing different optical filters in its fiber optic link. Different variants of QC are created by using optical filters in its fiber link. For example, the QC_BL is the variant having an optical Bessel filter in its fiber link. Performances of each variant have been evaluated and compared in terms of BER. This comparison allows us to select a suitable filter for a particular parameter, such as dispersion, fiber length, input power, etc. The QC variant having no filter is denoted as QC_WF and is taken as a reference for comparison.
A pilot study proposing an algorithm for pubertal induction in cerebral palsy
Authors: Trinh Anne , Lim Angelina , Wong Phillip , Brown Justin , Pitkin Janne , Wollenhoven Beverley , Ebeling Peter , Fuller Peter , Milat Frances , Zacharin Margaret
Published: February 2024

Objectives

To explore delayed puberty in cerebral palsy (CP) and to test the acceptability of an interventional puberty induction algorithm.

Methods

A two phase cohort study in children and adolescents diagnosed with CP who have delayed puberty. Phase 1: Retrospective review of clinical records and interviews with patients who have been treated with sex-steroids and Phase 2: Prospective interventional trial of pubertal induction with a proposed algorithm of transdermal testosterone (males) or oestrogen (females). Phase 1 examined experiences with sex-steroid treatment. Phase 2 collected data on height adjusted bone mineral density (BMAD), fractures, adverse effects, mobility and quality of life over two years during the induction.

Results

Phase 1, treatment was well tolerated in 11/20 treated with sex-steroids; phase 2, using the proposed induction algorithm, 7/10 treated reached Tanner stage 3 by nine months. One participant reached Tanner stage 5 in 24 months. Mean change in BMAD Z-scores was +0.27 % (SD 0.002) in those who could be scanned by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Conclusions

Delayed puberty may be diagnosed late. Treatment was beneficial and well tolerated, suggesting all patients with severe pubertal delay or arrest should be considered for sex hormone supplementation.
The strategic jump-the order effect on winning “The Final Three” in long jump competitions
Authors: Karlsson Niklas , Lunander Anders
Published: February 2024

The tournament rules for long jump competitions have changed in recent years. Today, only the three athletes with the best jumps from the five initial attempts are qualified to make an additional sixth jump – a format called The Final Three. In the first implemented version of The Final Three, the top athletes sequentially make one final jump, starting with the athlete ranked third place from the initial attempts. The athlete with the longest jump in this sixth attempt wins the competition, irrespective of achieved results in previous attempts. In this study, we analyze the effect of the athletes’ jump order on the probability of winning the competition within this first implemented version of The Final Three. We derive the final’s symmetric subgame perfect equilibrium and compute the corresponding equilibrium winning probabilities, given estimated distributional parameters from the Olympic long jumping final in Tokyo 2021. The modeling of the game is preceded by a development of a stochastic model for the outcome in long jumping. Our results indicate a last mover advantage, albeit small. Our model also reveals the importance of having a low variation in the approach run length and thinking strategically in this tournament format.