bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New symmetries of the two-Higgs-doublet model
Authors: Ferreira P. M. , Grzadkowski B. , Ogreid O. M. , Osland P.
Published: March 2024

The Two Higgs Doublet Model invariant under the gauge group $$SU(2)\times U(1)$$

S
U
(
2
)
×
U
(
1
)

is known to have six additional global discrete or continuous symmetries of its scalar sector. We have discovered regions of parameter space of the model which are basis and renormalization group invariant to all orders of perturbation theory in the scalar and gauge sectors, but correspond to none of the hitherto considered symmetries. We therefore identify seven new symmetries of the model and discuss their phenomenology. Soft symmetry breaking is required for some of these models so that electroweak symmetry breaking can occur. We show that, at least at the two-loop level, it is possible to extend some of these symmetries to include fermions.
Experimental investigation of physical and tensile mechanical properties of granite after different heating and cooling treatments
Authors: Wu Yun , Huang Zhen , Lyu Chao , Lin Jian , Wang Lei , Cao Ya-Heng
Published: March 2024

In this study a series of physical properties of granite were tested after different cooling treatments. Correspondingly, Brazilian splitting testing combined with acoustic emission (AE) testing was conducted on five groups of granite samples at different temperature levels, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the microstructure of granite. It was found that the P-wave velocity, hardness and thermal conductivity decreased with rising temperature. The tensile strength of granite was deteriorated by the action of temperature, and the progression of cracks was monitored using AE technology. The SEM results also indicated a significant increase in both the number and density of cracks in granite samples subjected to temperature variations compared to a naturally cooled group. In addition, after heating and cooling at different temperatures, samples with lower tensile strength exhibited rougher fracture surfaces, which were attributed to the generation of more thermal cracks during the heating and cooling processes. Moreover, a variation in the mechanisms for granite after temperature treatment is proposed.
A New Battery SOC/SOH/eSOH Estimation Method Using a PBM and Interconnected SPKFs: Part I. SOC and Internal Variable Estimation
Authors: Lopetegi Iker , Plett Gregory L. , Trimboli M. Scott , Kawakita de Souza Aloisio , Oca Laura , Miguel Eduardo , Iraola Unai
Published: March 2024

Battery management systems (BMSs) are required to estimate many non-measurable values that describe the actual operating condition of batteries; such as the state of charge (SOC) or the state of health (SOH). In order to improve this evaluation, many physical states and parameters can be estimated using physics-based models (PBMs). These estimates could be used to improve the control and prognosis of batteries. In a series of papers we propose a new method to estimate the internal physical states, the SOC, the SOH and the electrode-specific state of health (eSOH) parameters of a lithium-ion battery, using interconnected sigma-point Kalman filters (SPKFs) and a single-particle model with electrolyte dynamics (SPMe). This first paper focuses on state estimation for non-aged cells. To begin, we describe and validate our electrochemical model against a high-fidelity P2D model. The interconnected SPKF algorithm is then described and the observability of our system is analyzed, showing that the interconnected estimator approach improves an observability measure of the system. Finally, the results of the estimator are discussed, comparing the estimated variables with the truth values under initialization, measurement and modeling uncertainties. The results show that the algorithm can estimate the internal battery states with high accuracy.
Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Testing on Fast-Charging Lithium-Ion Battery’s Capacity Fading
Authors: Sun Bo , Zhang Chuang , Liu Suzhen , Xu Zhicheng , Zhao Zhizhong
Published: March 2024

Fast charging technology provides a solution to the issue of charging time for power supplies with long life requirements. However, it will shorten the charging period while also hastening the power battery’s capacity degradation, reducing its service life. The ultrasonic inspection technique has been widely used for the internal structure detection and reaction process characterisation of lithium-ion batteries because of its nondestructive testing properties. This paper presents a method for monitoring the capacity attenuation of a fast-charging battery by calculating the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient α. The experimental findings indicate that the battery’s capacity is more vulnerable to lithium plating during high-rate charging. The parameter α can be employed to illustrate the energy dissipation characteristics of sound as it propagates through the electrode. Moreover, the inhomogeneous ageing of battery electrode material is observed and quantified based on the differences in acoustic signals, which provides new insights into battery health management and uneven ageing assessment.
Magnetic Force Dilatometry of Silicon-NMC622 Lithium-Ion Coin Cells: The Effects of Binder, Capacity Ratio, and Electrolyte Selection
Authors: Li Anita , Balogh Michael P. , Thompson Nathan , Osad William , Galant Andrew , Millerman Alex , Wang Chuanlong , Taub Alan
Published: March 2024

Operando cell expansion measurements on Si-NMC622 coin cells using a magnetic dilatometer were performed to understand the effects of electrode binder content, electrode formulation, negative-to-positive electrode capacity ratio (N/P ratio), and electrolyte selection on reversible and irreversible cell expansions. Our experiments reveal a complex relationship between cell properties, imparted by the selected cell parameters, and cell expansion. Reversible cell expansions scaled with cell discharge capacity and electrode mechanical properties, while irreversible cell expansions were sensitive to capacity fade, silicon utilization, and electrolyte decomposition mechanisms. Additionally, volumetric cell energy densities were calculated using the measured capacities and irreversible expansions over the life of the cells. We show that judicious selection of cell parameters can improve volumetric energy density after 200 charge/discharge cycles by approximately two-fold. Our work provides valuable insight, at an early stage of cell development, towards minimizing the effects of cell expansion on battery cell, pack, and module designs.
Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Tenapanor in Healthy Chinese and Caucasian Volunteers: A Randomized, Open-Label, Single-Center, Placebo-Controlled Phase 1 Study
Authors: Yuan Gang , Chen Yili , Li Li , Wang Xin , Wei Gang , Zeng Jiawei , Hui Ai-Min , Jiang Yueyun , Zhao Han , Diao Lei , Zhou Yongchun , Xiao Yinglian , Chen Minhu
Published: March 2024

Background. Tenapanor is a locally acting selective sodium-hydrogen exchanger 3 inhibitor with the potential to treat sodium/phosphorus and fluid overload in various cardiac-renal diseases, which has been approved for constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome in the US. The pharmacokinetics (PK) of tenapanor and its metabolite tenapanor-M1 (AZ13792925), as well as the safety and tolerability of tenapanor, were investigated in healthy Chinese and Caucasian subjects. Methods. This randomized, open-label, single-center, placebo-controlled phase 1 study (https://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn; CTR20201783) enrolled Chinese and Caucasian healthy volunteers into 4 parallel cohorts (3 cohorts for Chinese subjects, 1 cohort for Caucasian subjects). In each cohort, 15 subjects were expected to be included and received oral tenapanor (10 or 30 mg as single dose, or 50 mg as a single dose followed by a twice-daily repeated dose from Day 5 to 11, with a single dose in the morning on Day 11) or placebo in a 4 : 1 ratio. Results. 59 healthy volunteers received tenapanor 10 mg (n = 12 Chinese), 30 mg (n = 12 Chinese), or 50 mg (n = 12 (Chinese), n = 11 (Caucasian)) or placebo (n = 12, 3 per cohort). After single and twice-daily repeated doses, tenapanor plasma concentrations were all below the limit of quantitation; tenapanor-M1 appeared slowly in plasma. In single-ascending dose evaluation (10 to 50 mg) of Chinese subjects, the mean Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ of tenapanor-M1 increased with increasing dose level, and AUC0-t increased approximately dose proportionally. The Cmax accumulation ratio was 1.55 to 6.92 after 50 mg repeated dose in Chinese and Caucasian subjects. Exposure to tenapanor-M1 was generally similar between the Chinese and Caucasian subjects. Tenapanor was generally well-tolerated and the safety profile was similar between the Chinese and Caucasian participants receiving tenapanor 50 mg, as measured by vital signs, physical and laboratory examination, 12-lead ECG, and adverse events. No serious adverse event or adverse event leading to withdrawal occurred. Conclusion. Tenapanor was well-tolerated, with similar PK and safety profiles between Chinese and Caucasian subjects. This trial is registered with CTR20201783.
Influence of Shade in Cocoa Agroforestry Systems on Physicochemical and Functional Characteristics of Cocoa Beans in Bonon, Central-West Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Kouassi Affoué Tatiana , Boko Adjoua Christiane Eunice , Blei Sika Hortense , Angaman Djédoux Maxime , Barima Yao Sadaiou Sabas
Published: March 2024

Côte d’Ivoire remains the world’s leading producer of cocoa beans. However, cocoa farming is now recognized as a primary cause of deforestation in the country. To combat deforestation, the Ivorian government recently advocates for agroforestry, a farming technique involving the cultivation of cocoa trees with fruit or forest trees. Yet, the impact of these associated trees and their shade on the quality of produced cocoa beans remains relatively unknown. This study is aimed at evaluating the influence of tree shade in cocoa farms on the quality of cocoa beans produced in the Bonon area. Morphological, biochemical, and functional analyses were performed on cocoa beans from shaded, partially shaded, and sunny subplots. Overall, only beans from shaded subplots showed better commercial quality. Regarding nutritional potential, results demonstrated that acidity, protein content, and vitamin C levels were influenced by shade. Low protein levels were observed in beans from sunny areas. The presence of moderate shade significantly favored good foaming power and foam stability. These findings play a key role in the perceived quality and application of these beans in the food and cosmetic industry. Moreover, these discoveries open new research perspectives in the field of food biochemistry and sustainable agriculture.
Catatonia as a Result of a Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Berthelot Jessica , Cambre Jacob , Erwin Madeline , Phan Jennifer
Published: March 2024

Catatonia is a neuropsychiatric syndrome typically marked by disturbances in motor activity, speech, and behavior. It has historically been associated with psychiatric illness, but acute medical illness, neurocognitive disorders, and neurodevelopmental disorders can cause catatonia as well. Catatonia is likely underrecognized and underdiagnosed in the general medical hospital, despite high risks of morbidity and mortality and the availability of rapidly effective treatment. Here, we present a case of catatonia secondary to traumatic brain injury that responded to lorazepam after a delayed diagnosis. A young male patient who was incarcerated and assaulted was sent to the emergency department multiple times for unresponsive and unpredictable behavior, including not agreeing to be released home. After being admitted with the diagnosis of postconcussive syndrome, he was ultimately diagnosed with catatonia, and intravenous lorazepam resulted in a return to his baseline mental status. We discuss factors that led to the delay in diagnosis, including lack of training in recognition of catatonia, suspicion of feigned symptoms for secondary gain, and the implication of stigma in an African American young male arrested for a drug-related crime.
Supplementary Data from MNK1/NODAL Signaling Promotes Invasive Progression of Breast Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
Authors: Guo Qianyu , Li Vivian Z. , Nichol Jessica N. , Huang Fan , Yang William , Preston Samuel E.J. , Talat Zahra , Lefrère Hanne , Yu Henry , Zhang Guihua , Basik Mark , Gonçalves Christophe , Zhan Yao , Plourde Dany , Su Jie , Torres Jose , Marques Maud , Habyan Sara Al , Bijian Krikor , Amant Frédéric , Witcher Michael , Behbod Fariba , McCaffrey Luke , Alaoui-Jamali Moulay , Giannakopoulos Nadia V. , Brackstone Muriel , Postovit Lynne-Marie , del Rincón Sonia V. , Miller Wilson H.
Published: March 2024

Supplementary Data from MNK1/NODAL Signaling Promotes Invasive Progression of Breast Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
Supplementary Figure 4 from Single-Cell CD4 and CD8 T-Cell Secretome Profiling Reveals Temporal and Niche Differences in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Following Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy
Authors: Root Jessica L. , Desai Poonam N. , Ly Christopher , Wang Bofei , Jelloul Fatima Zahra , Zhou Jing , Mackay Sean , Alfayez Mansour , Matthews Jairo , Pierce Sherry , Reville Patrick K. , Daver Naval , Abbas Hussein A.
Published: March 2024

Baseline and post-therapy T cell functional activity within PB and BM.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Single-Cell CD4 and CD8 T-Cell Secretome Profiling Reveals Temporal and Niche Differences in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Following Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy
Authors: Root Jessica L. , Desai Poonam N. , Ly Christopher , Wang Bofei , Jelloul Fatima Zahra , Zhou Jing , Mackay Sean , Alfayez Mansour , Matthews Jairo , Pierce Sherry , Reville Patrick K. , Daver Naval , Abbas Hussein A.
Published: March 2024

Baseline correlation analysis of age with individual cytokines and functional groups.
Pediatric Patients with Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Their Parents Identify Symptoms as the Most Important Treatment Outcome
Authors: von Graffenried Thea , Safroneeva Ekaterina , Braegger Christian , Ezri Jessica , Garzoni Luca , Giroud Rivier Alexa , Greuter Thomas , Köhler Henrik , McLin Valerie A. , Marx George , Müller Pascal , Petit Laetitia Marie , Schibli Susanne , Sokollik Christiane , Tempia-Caliera Michela , Zwahlen Marcel , Schoepfer Alain M. , Nydegger Andreas
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Given the lack of data, we aimed to explore which therapeutic endpoints pediatric patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and their parents consider to be relevant. Methods: We created an educational brochure on EoE and a questionnaire, both of which were content-validated by pediatric patients and parents. Validated documents were sent to 112 patients and parents. They ranked the importance (5 levels) of short (during next 3 months) and long-term (≥1 year) treatment effect on symptoms, quality of life, endoscopic inflammation, stricture formation, histological inflammation, and fibrosis. Results: A total of 45 parents and 30 pediatric patients ≥11 years completed the questionnaires. Pediatric patients identified improvement in the following domains as most important in the short- and long-term, respectively: symptoms (73% vs. 77%), QoL (53% vs. 57%), histologic inflammation (47% vs. 50%), histologic fibrosis (40% vs. 33%), endoscopic inflammation (47% vs. 40%), and strictures (33% vs. 40%). Parents of children ≥11 years old classified improvement in the following domains as most important in the short- and long-term, respectively: symptoms (70% vs. 83%), QoL (63% vs. 80%), histologic inflammation (67% vs. 77%), histologic fibrosis (47% vs. 63%), endoscopic inflammation (77% vs. 80%), and strictures (40% vs. 53%). Agreement between caregiver and children on the short-term importance of treatment outcomes was as follows: symptoms (77%), QoL (40%), histologic inflammation and fibrosis (47% and 43%), endoscopic inflammation and strictures (50% and 40%). Conclusion: Pediatric patients and parents attributed most importance to improvement in symptoms and QoL. Agreement between parents and patients regarding therapy goals is limited.
Relationship of Warfarin and Apixaban with Vascular Function in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Junejo Rehan T. , Gupta Dhiraj , Snowdon Richard L. , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Fisher James P.
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with endothelial damage/dysfunction. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is superior in AF patients taking apixaban compared to warfarin. Methods: AF patients on apixaban (n = 46; 67 [7] years; mean [standard deviation]; 15 women) and warfarin (n = 27; 73 [9] years (p < 0.01); 11 women) were recruited. Duplex Doppler ultrasound imaging was undertaken during baseline (2 min), cuff inflation (5 min), and following cuff deflation (3 min). FMD was defined as peak increase in brachial artery diameter following cuff deflation and analysed as percentage change in diameter, as a ratio of FMD, shear rate area under the curve (SRAUC; FMD-to-SRAUC), and using SRAUC as a covariate (FMDSR). Results: Baseline artery diameter (4.96 [1.14] vs. 4.89 [0.88] mm), peak diameter (5.12 [1.17] vs. 5.14 [0.93] mm), and FMDSR (3.89 [3.62] vs. 4.80 [3.60] %) were not different between warfarin and apixaban (p > 0.05; analysis of covariance with age, CHA2DS2-VASc, years since AF diagnosis, number of diabetics, alcohol drinkers, and units of alcohol consumed per week as covariates). Stepwise multiple regression identified independent association of fibrillation, hypertension, and increased age with FMD. Conclusion: AF patients on warfarin and apixaban exhibit similar endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Increased blood pressure negatively impacts vasodilator capacity in AF patients.
Guanyin, Plumber, Philosopher
Authors: Mattice Sarah A.
Published: March 2024

This paper explores the role of philosophical exemplars, focusing on two uncommon but valuable figures: Guanyin, bodhisattva of compassion, and the plumber-as-philosopher described by Mary Midgley. These figures highlight philosophical activity as benefitting from a wide variety of heterogenous sources, styles, and models, and suggest that philosophy be understood as a response to lived needs. The paper concludes with some suggestions for ways in which these exemplars might be relevant for contemporary issues in the academy.
Subversive Spirituality: the Feminism of Emilia Pardo Bazán (1851–1921)
Authors: Scheopner Cynthia
Published: March 2024

Emilia Pardo Bazán challenged French naturalist writers in the 19th century who maintained that our lives are completely determined by inheritance/background, environment, and the historical moment. She maintained that naturalism as materialism misses the spiritual component of human existence, which is captured in her theory of realism. Against descriptions of her “Catholic Naturalism” as a sort of weakened compromise, I argue that she weaponized Church doctrines to forge a strong feminist philosophy firmly rooted in Spanish Roman Catholicism.
Transmitting Awareness (saṅkrānti)
Authors: Reich James D. , Williams Ben
Published: March 2024

On the basis of a parallel passage in Abhinavagupta’s commentaries on the Nāṭyaśāstra and the Īśvarapratyabhijñākārikā, this article considers the ways in which Abhinavagupta theorized “transmission” (saṅkrānti) in his descriptions of aesthetic experience and the reception of knowledge in non-dual Śaiva philosophy. We argue that this notion of transmission, in which the lines between author and qualified audience are blurred, is indebted to a number of earlier sources that explain the way in which knowledge and liberation are transmitted, most significantly the Kaula Śākta traditions in the immediate background of Abhinavagupta’s tantric exegesis. Here the terms saṅkrānti and saṅkramaṇa are employed in descriptions of initiation, the transferal of lineage, and a Guru’s awakened awareness passing into the body of a disciple. In Abhinavagupta’s parallel passages, he expands upon this notion of “transmission” by showing how it can emerge even when a teacher/poet and a student/audience are separated by time and space. In both accounts, what allows an ideal audience to internalize or identify with a teaching or text is an act of participation that effectively dissolves the limitations of time, space, and individuality. Interestingly, in both the aesthetic and non-dual Śaiva context, this process of transmission unfolds through an indirect mode of expression that cannot be reduced to reasoning. The article concludes with an exploration of the purpose of Abhinavagupta’s vision of transmission, particularly related to the notion that texts can encode, preserve, and, in the presence of a sensitive audience, reenact the awareness of their authors, even after lineages break or traditions fragment.
Two new endophytic fungi of Colletotrichum and Diaporthe isolated from Berchemia polyphylla var. leioclada in Guizhou Province, China
Authors: ZHOU SI-XUAN , BAO DAN-FENG , ZHANG TAO , XIAO YUAN-PIN , TANG YUAN-JIANG , JING ZHANG , LU YU-XI , SHI KAI-ZHI
Published: March 2024

Berchemia polyphylla var. leioclada is an important traditional Chinese medicinal plant, it has been proved to produces a variety of unique metabolites, such as glycosides, quinones, lignans, terpenes and flavonoids, with different bioactivities including antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-diarrheal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antibacterial activities. Studies showed that endophytic fungi may secrete compounds that are similar to those of the host. Thus, the endophytic fungi of medicinal plants are important medicinal resources and are beneficial to the research and development of natural medicines. Therefore, studying the diversity of endophytic fungi in the medicinal plant of Berchemia polyphylla var. leioclada is of great significance to discovering new drugs. However, the endophytic fungi in Berchemia polyphylla var. leioclada have been poorly studied. This study investigates the endophytic fungi in Berchemia polyphylla var. leioclada from Guizhou Province, China. Two new species Diaporthe berchemiae and Colletotrichum berchemiae are introduced based on morphological characters and multi-locus phylogenetic analysis. This is the first report of endophytic fungi in the medicinal plant Berchemia polyphylla var. leioclada, which enhances our understanding of the endophytic fungi in the medicinal plant Berchemia polyphylla var. leioclada.
Gomphonema supersaprophilum sp. nov., a new diatom species (Gomphonemataceae, Bacillariophyceae) from Flemish rivers (Belgium)
Authors: VAN DE VIJVER BART , REICHARDT ERWIN
Published: March 2024

During a biomonitoring survey of the Flemish rivers, an unknown Gomphonema taxon was observed. After detailed light and scanning electron microscopy research and careful analysis with similar species in literature, the taxon is described as Gomphonema supersaprophilum sp. nov. The new species can be separated from similar species from the G. parvulum-saprophilum complex by its larger width, the shape of the head pole and the shape of the areolae. The new species was typically found in highly eutrophic waters.
Argostemma mirae (Rubiaceae) a new species from Tago, Surigao del Sur, Mindanao Island, Philippines
Authors: BLASCO FREDDIE A. , TANDANG DANILO N. , ALEJANDRO GRECEBIO JONATHAN D.
Published: March 2024

We describe Argostemma mirae (Rubiaceae) a new species from Mt. Tingtingan, Badong, Tago, Surigao del Sur, Mindanao Island, Philippines. It grows on a shady mossy limestone forest on a lower elevation. A. mirae resembles A. solaniflorum in having branching and pubescent stems, oblanceolate leaves, pubescent petioles, terminal to axillary inflorescence, and white corollas but differs in having shorter stems, smaller leaf blades, 4 calyx lobes and 4 corollas. Based on IUCN criteria we proposed data deficient (DD) since there is only one population currently known.
A new name replaces the illegitimate Gentianella grandis (Adams) Glenny (Gentianaceae)
Authors: KOTTAIMUTHU RAMALINGAM , MAHESH YALATOOR , SWAIN HAREKRUSHNA
Published: March 2024

N/A
Three new species of Forcipomyia (Lepidohelea) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from West Bengal, India
Authors: PAL GOURI SANKAR , HAZRA NILADRI
Published: March 2024

Three new species of the subgenus Lepidohelea Kieffer, 1917 of the genus Forcipomyia were described from the northern region of West Bengal based on morphological data. Forcipomyia (L.) inflatistyla sp. n. was collected from the Dooars region (Jayanti, near the Core area of Buxa Tiger Reserve), while two new species F. (L.) ranula and F. (L.) sulcoa were procured from Kalimpong in the Eastern Himalaya. Discovery of the three new species raises the total number of species of the genus Forcipomyia to 86 in India. A key to the Indian species of Lepidohelea is also provided.
The only species of Calvisia (Phasmatodea, Necrosciinae) from China, with a new synonymy and additional descriptions
Authors: GAO HAO-RAN , WANG CHEN , LU QIAN-LE , LIANG LE , LIAO PEI-LIN , LI YA-JIN
Published: March 2024

Calvisia is a colorful winged stick insect genus consisting of 6 subgenera and 44 species widely distributed in temperate and tropical Asia. C. medogensis syn. nov. was discovered in Mêdog, Xizang (Tibet), China and is so far the only species recorded from China. We here propose that C. medogensis syn. nov. is a synonym of C. fuscoalata after checking type specimens of both species. New materials studied are deposited in Yunnan Agricultural University, China (YNAU).
A new Brazilian species of the genus Philothalpus Kraatz (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)
Authors: KLEMAN-JUNIOR LOURI , BARROSO PAULO RICARDO RAMIRES , PEREIRA LUANA DE FÁTIMA BARAÚNA , ASENJO ANGÉLICO
Published: March 2024

A new species of the genus Philothalpus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylinini: Philothalpina), Philothalpus precious Klemann-Junior, Barroso, Pereira & Asenjo, sp. nov., is described from Amazonas state, northern Brazil. Major diagnostic features are illustrated and the species is included in the key to Philothalpus species.
Analytical Study of the Behavioral Trend of Klein-Gordon Equation in Different Potentials
Authors: Ugwu Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Kevin Idu Hyacenth
Published: March 2024

In this work, we present the analysis of behavioral trend of Klein-Gordon Equation involving potential as regards when it comes to the study of particle, it has been observed that in every case of handling of KGE with potential of any type, it is made clear here that the equation has to first off all be transformed into a particular standard differential equation with a well-known solution which appears in form of implicitly defined transcendental equation. The equation on the other hand is to be solved analytically since the exact solution is not easily attainable without the use of mathematical tool especially when it comes to the consideration of the energy eigenvalue and the corresponding wave function because the solution is also always accompanied with a normalization constant often coupled with a condition that requires an arbitrarily chosen quantum number that come up when (l=0) and so on. In general, the analysis reveals the fact that the of trend of KGE involving potential gives a good understanding in the study of inter-molecular structure, diatomic crystals, and such case that involves inter-atomic interaction which is gives very nice idea in the study of bound state in atom.
Validation of the Functional Vision Evaluation for Children (FVEC) battery
Authors: Lopes Marcia Caires Bestileiro , Santos Marcela Aparecida dos , Nakanami Célia Regina , Costa Marcelo Fernandes
Published: March 2024

We validated the recently developed functional vision evaluation for children (FVEC) battery, which quantitatively measures major eye and visual functions for rehabilitation. The protocol for this test comprises 12 items involving unique abilities of the functional vision evaluated for three subsequent periods. The validation procedure includes an analysis of the difficulty of the examiner’s performance, the reliability and symmetry evaluation of the battery items, and the prediction of the children in the low vision category on a 0 to 100 ranking scale of visual behaviors. Factor analysis evaluates the contribution of the items to functions of the ventral and dorsal visual streams. Consistency was similar between the three examiners and the reliability intra-subjects was also significantly high for examiner 1 (α = 0.86), examiner 2 (α = 0.85), and examiner 3 (α = 0.87). A factor analysis confirms that we arranged our data in two major factors expressing ventral and dorsal visual functions. The FVEC battery was validated showing high robustness, and internal consistency. The final scoring allows a qualitative and quantitative evaluation regarding the performances of the visual ventral and dorsal functions. Improvements in visual rehabilitation protocols based on FVEC battery are discussed.
Instrumentation for measurement: A case study on conceptual versus problem-solving knowledge
Authors: Restivo Maria Teresa , Urbano Diana , Chouzal Maria Fátima
Published: March 2024

The problem under analysis looks at the overall comparison of about 1300 students’ performance considering separately their conceptual and problem-solving knowledge over 7 academic years of the course of Instrumentation for Measurement within the Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto . This course gives the relevant background for later content courses on Automation, Control, Mechatronics, Smart Factories, etc., in that Mechanical Engineering master's degree. It is important to note that such content deals with basic concepts in different science and technology topics, incorporating today's cyber systems and the Internet of Things (IoT). This content includes fundamental principles spanning traditional topics as physics, statistics, mechanical, dynamics, design, and electrical, foundational, technical, and technological knowledge, and informatics. Together, they permit access to very small changes in physical quantities making possible their measurement, interpreting them, and providing data in the cloud. Also, aspects related to a variety of specific prepared questions to motivate students to improve and enhance their comprehension instead of a pure sequence of memorization activities for a perfect “how-to-respond” are explained. The work describes details on the instructional course design, and the actions used to improve the difference in both performances, from the point of view of pedagogical strategies and their sequence of results. The main outcomes of the analysis performed on data from those 7-course editions indicate large differences between the scores of conceptual (/theoretical) and problem-solving components; steady improvement in student performance in conceptual knowledge over the years; stable performance concerning the problem-solving component; clear disruption in conceptual performance in the academic year disturbed by the pandemic situation, followed by great recovery in the following academic year. The results are discussed in the framework of the regulations and conditions in which the instruction takes place and the pedagogical strategies employed to balance conceptual and problem-solving knowledge. Finally, some suggestions are put forward to investigate further possible reasons behind the large gap in theoretical and problem-solving results. The authors hope to contribute with some helpful discussion and outcomes and to foster later feedback from the community.
Numerical simulations of a hydrogen-air pre-detonator for detonation engines
Authors: Pathangae Amrutha Preethi , Varadachari Ramanujachari
Published: March 2024

In recent years, heat release associated with the detonation phenomenon is considered a very efficient process. Pressure gain combustors are being developed with detonation waves as the driving force. In this scenario, study of detonation waves has become very important. Deflagration-to-Detonation transition (DDT) is one of the ways used to initiate detonation in the combustors. An attempt has been made in this paper to study the DDT in a tube with obstacles using OPENFOAM. A 2-dimensional rectangular section of a tube containing obstacles filled with stoichiometric hydrogen-air mixtures at different initial conditions have been studied. The effect of changes in the length of the tube, number of obstacles, blockage ratios and initial pressure of the reactants on the detonation wave properties have been studied using numerical simulation based on ddtfoam software. The motivation for this study is to design a pre-detonator for a rotating detonation engine (RDE). In order to make it compatible with the RDE and the test facility, it has been proposed to carry out simulations using shorter lengths of the DDT tube. The number of obstacles has been selected appropriately to obtain detonation at shorter lengths of the tube of the order of 1.5 m, 1.0 m & 0.5 m. As the objective has been to obtain design data for the prototype, the finer details of DDT are not being discussed in this paper.
Analysis of pharmaceutical interventions in chemotherapy prescriptions of adult and pediatric patients at an oncology reference institute
Authors: Venancio Rebeca Gripp de Sá , Magliano Erika da Silva , Barreto Elizangela Domiciano Garcia
Published: March 2024

Chemotherapy, one of the primary cancer treatments, has a high risk of causing significant harm in cases of its misuse. Pharmaceutical intervention is one of the strategies used to prevent medication errors from reaching the patient by identifying drug-related problems or other discrepancies related to patient data or medical progress. The primary objective of this study was to analyze the profile of the pharmaceutical intervention made in chemotherapy prescriptions for adult and pediatric patients in order to measure its impact on patient safety. A retrospective cross-sectional and observational study was conducted at a reference center for cancer treatment in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Pharmaceutical interventions performed in chemotherapy prescriptions from January to October 2022 were quantified, classified, and analyzed by their type, most common medicine, and acceptability. From the patients treated in the period, 220 (14.8%) adults and 64 (23.4%) children and teenagers received at least one pharmaceutical intervention. The most common types for adults were dose adjustments: overdose (22.5%) and underdose (22.5%). However, in pediatry, incompleteness of supporting drug protocol (22.1%) was the most registered. The most common medicines involved in pharmaceutical intervention were carboplatin (for adults) and electrolytes/hydration (for pediatric patients). Pharmaceutical intervention acceptability by prescriptors was very similar, reaching 80.4% for adults and 77.9% for pediatrics. The pharmaceutical intervention profile was quite distinct by virtue of the singularities of each population. The pharmacists’ role was shown to be paramount in intercepting medication errors in the prescription of chemotherapy protocols, contributing to patient safety.
Joining aluminum die castings and wrought aluminum by resistance spot welding
Authors: Epperlein Maike , Schiebahn Alexander , Reisgen Uwe
Published: March 2024

Resistance spot welding (RSW) is an economic, robust welding process, which is easy to automate and widely used in automotive industry. In this work, the resistance spot weldability of die-cast aluminum alloys EN AC-AlSi7MnMg, EN AC-AlSi9Mn and EN AC-AlSi10MnMg-T6/T7 to wrought aluminum alloy EN AW-AlSi1MnMg-T6 is investigated when applying the standard welding profile as recommended in VDA 238-401 considering main challenges in welding aluminum die castings, for example, porosity and inhomogenities. Weldability is best for EN AC-AlSi10MnMg-T6/T7, but the results show limited applicability of VDA 238-401 in general, especially for high total sheet thicknesses, because of invalid electrode force favouring spatter formation and weld spot irregularites. Still, all spot welds between die castings and 2 mm wrought aluminum sheets reach the recommended shear tension forces for spot diameter dw of 5·√t (2 mm: 5.95 kN; 3 mm: 8.96 kN; according to DIN EN ISO 18595), although being afflicted with solidification porosity and liquation cracking. Gas porosity is not observed and solidification porosity is only found to be significant for weld spot failure when being located close to the joining level, which is observed at welding depths of approximately 50% into the wrought aluminum sheet. Here, a failure path across the nugget is found. Weld porosity apart from the joining level is less significant and failure path is found along the fusion line between nugget and wrought aluminum. Instead, hardness difference between nugget and HAZ is the main reason for weld spot failure. Although the applied welding current profile is not suited best for RSW of mixed joints between aluminium die castings and wrought aluminium alloys, the results confirm its potential, for example, a significantly reduced gas porosity compared to applied fusion welding processes.
Osteoporosis
Authors: Khalid Muataz , Elhamalawy Dr Ahmed
Published: March 2024

Osteoporosis is a progressive skeletal disorder that is characterised by compromised bone strength that leads to an increased susceptibility to fractures. With an ageing population in the UK and a prevalence rate of 34% in people over the age of 50 years, the health and financial burden of the disease is significant. Osteoporosis develops due to an imbalance in bone remodelling, leading to a decrease in bone mineral density and alterations in the micro-architecture of bone. Diagnosis of osteoporosis involves a thorough assessment to identify patients at risk of developing osteoporosis, as it is often asymptomatic. Bone density measurements through dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans are the gold-standard diagnostic modality. Treatment of osteoporosis is guided by the symptomatology of patients in addition to their T-score from the DXA scan. Oral bisphosphonates are the first-line therapy in addition to oral calcium and vitamin D supplementation to halt bone resorption and reduce fracture risk.
Reconstruction of Composite Mandible Defects Using a Cellular Bone Allograft and Soft Tissue Free Flap Coverage
Authors: Carlson Kevin J. , Liebman Robert M. , Bak Matthew J. , Dougherty William M. , Mark Jonathan R.
Published: March 2024

Study Design

Retrospective case series.

Objective

Cellular bone allografts (CBAs) contain the components of a successful bone graft with no autologous component and have been used extensively outside the head and neck. Descriptions of their utilization for mandible reconstruction are limited. We review our experience utilizing a CBA, with no autologous component, for the reconstruction of mandible defects.

Methods

Patients undergoing reconstruction of a composite mandible defect with a CBA, no added autologous component, within a patient-specific graft cage and soft tissue free flap coverage were retrospectively identified. Graft survival and defect management are assessed and results of post-operative imaging reported.

Results

Five subjects, aged 23–56 years, underwent reconstruction of mandible defects with the described technique. Defects resulted from gunshot wounds in 4 patients and the composite resection of a low-grade malignancy in one. The defect was definitively managed in 4 subjects, 3 of which had post-operative imaging demonstrating bone formation. The fifth experienced graft failure after developing an orocutaneous fistula and was successful salvaged with an osteocutaneous fibula free flap.

Conclusions

Our early experience is promising that a CBA, with no autologous component, and soft tissue free flap coverage can be used for the reconstruction of composite mandible defects in select patients.
Narrative Storytelling as a Fan Conversion Tool in the Netflix Docuseries Drive to Survive
Authors: Soble Caroline , Lowes Mark
Published: March 2024

This paper explores how narrative storytelling converts individuals into sport fans. Data were collected through content analysis of Netflix’s Formula 1: Drive to Survive. Rhetorical criticism was applied to narrative elements identified in this popular docuseries. The conceptual framework drew from existing theories to detail how narrative storytelling effectively engages audiences and facilitates information exchange to achieve sport fandom. Findings show that the main narrative elements used in Drive to Survive were the plot types of adventure, ascension/descension, rivalry, and sacrifice, as well as the character type of hero. These narrative elements fostered sport fan conversion by providing multiple opportunities for information exchange, emotional connection, and inter-fan relationships. Ultimately, this study provides insight into conversion-through-narrative, strengthening the theoretical link between narrative storytelling and sport fandom by examining how narrative elements function in a successful case of sport fan conversion.
Gsw-fi: a GLM model incorporating shrinkage and double-weighted strategies for identifying cancer driver genes with functional impact
Authors: Xu Xiaolu , Qi Zitong , Wang Lei , Zhang Meiwei , Geng Zhaohong , Han Xiumei
Published: March 2024

Background

Cancer, a disease with high morbidity and mortality rates, poses a significant threat to human health. Driver genes, which harbor mutations accountable for the initiation and progression of tumors, play a crucial role in cancer development. Identifying driver genes stands as a paramount objective in cancer research and precision medicine.

Results

In the present work, we propose a method for identifying driver genes using a Generalized Linear Regression Model (GLM) with Shrinkage and double-Weighted strategies based on Functional Impact, which is named GSW-FI. Firstly, an estimating model is proposed for assessing the background functional impacts of genes based on GLM, utilizing gene features as predictors. Secondly, the shrinkage and double-weighted strategies as two revising approaches are integrated to ensure the rationality of the identified driver genes. Lastly, a statistical method of hypothesis testing is designed to identify driver genes by leveraging the estimated background function impacts. Experimental results conducted on 31 The Cancer Genome Altas datasets demonstrate that GSW-FI outperforms ten other prediction methods in terms of the overlap fraction with well-known databases and consensus predictions among different methods.

Conclusions

GSW-FI presents a novel approach that efficiently identifies driver genes with functional impact mutations using computational methods, thereby advancing the development of precision medicine for cancer.
Integrated analysis reveals FLI1 regulates the tumor immune microenvironment via its cell-type-specific expression and transcriptional regulation of distinct target genes of immune cells in breast cancer
Authors: Pei Jianying , Peng Ying , Ma Kexin , Lan Chunyan , Zhang Tingting , Li Yan , Chen Xiaofang , Gao Huafang
Published: March 2024

Background

Immunotherapy is a practical therapeutic approach in breast cancer (BRCA), and the role of FLI1 in immune regulation has gradually been unveiled. However, the specific role of FLI1 in BRCA was conflicted; thus, additional convincing evidence is needed.

Methods

We explored the upstream regulation of FLI1 expression via summary data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) analysis and ncRNA network construction centering on FLI1 using BRCA genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) and DNA methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTLs) from the blood and a series of in silico analyses, respectively. We illuminated the downstream function of FLI1 in immune regulation by integrating a series of analyses of single-cell RNA sequence data (scRNA-seq).

Results

We verified a causal pathway from FLI1 methylation to FLI1 gene expression to BRCA onset and demonstrated that FLI1 was downregulated in BRCA. FLI1, a transcription factor, served as myeloid and T cells’ communication regulator by targeting immune-related ligands and receptor transcription in BRCA tissues. We constructed a ceRNA network centering on FLI1 that consisted of three LncRNAs (CKMT2-AS1, PSMA3-AS1, and DIO3OS) and a miRNA (hsa-miR-324-5p), and the expression of FLI1 was positively related to a series of immune-related markers, including immune cell infiltration, biomarkers of immune cells, and immune checkpoints.

Conclusion

Low-methylation-induced or ncRNA-mediated downregulation of FLI1 is associated with poor prognosis, and FLI1 might regulate the tumor immune microenvironment via a cell-type-specific target genes manner in BRCA.
Latent and incubation periods of Delta, BA.1, and BA.2 variant cases and associated factors: a cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Li Yu , Jiang Xinli , Qiu Yan , Gao Feng , Xin Hualei , Li Dan , Qin Ying , Li Zhongjie
Published: March 2024

Background

The latent and incubation periods characterize the transmission of infectious viruses and are the basis for the development of outbreak prevention and control strategies. However, systematic studies on the latent period and associated factors with the incubation period for SAS-CoV-2 variants are still lacking. We inferred the two durations of Delta, BA.1, and BA.2 cases and analyzed the associated factors.

Methods

The Delta, BA.1, and BA.2 (and its lineages BA.2.2 and BA.2.76) cases with clear transmission chains and infectors from 10 local SAS-CoV-2 epidemics in China were enrolled. The latent and incubation periods were fitted by the Gamma distribution, and associated factors were analyzed using the accelerated failure time model.

Results

The mean latent period for 672 Delta, 208 BA.1, and 677 BA.2 cases was 4.40 (95%CI: 4.24 ~ 4.63), 2.50 (95%CI: 2.27 ~ 2.76), and 2.58 (95%CI: 2.48 ~ 2.69) days, respectively, with 85.65% (95%CI: 83.40 ~ 87.77%), 97.80% (95%CI: 96.35 ~ 98.89%), and 98.87% (95%CI: 98.40 ~ 99.27%) of them starting to shed viruses within 7 days after exposure. In 405 Delta, 75 BA.1, and 345 BA.2 symptomatic cases, the mean latent period was 0.76, 1.07, and 0.79 days shorter than the mean incubation period [5.04 (95%CI: 4.83 ~ 5.33), 3.42 (95%CI: 3.00 ~ 3.89), and 3.39 (95%CI: 3.24 ~ 3.55) days], respectively. No significant difference was observed in the two durations between BA.1 and BA.2 cases. After controlling for the sex, clinical severity, vaccination history, number of infectors, the length of exposure window and shedding window, the latent period [Delta: exp(β) = 0.81, 95%CI: 0.66 ~ 0.98, p = 0.034; Omicron: exp(β) = 0.82, 95%CI: 0.71 ~ 0.94, p = 0.004] and incubation period [Delta: exp(β) = 0.69, 95%CI: 0.55 ~ 0.86, p < 0.001; Omicron: exp(β) = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.72 ~ 0.96, p = 0.013] were significantly shorter in 18 ~ 49 years but did not change significantly in ≥ 50 years compared with 0 ~ 17 years.

Conclusion

Pre-symptomatic transmission can occur in Delta, BA.1, and BA.2 cases. The latent and incubation periods between BA.1 and BA.2 were similar but shorter compared with Delta. Age may be associated with the latent and incubation periods of SARS-CoV-2.