bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ibn ʿ⁠Arabī on the Circle of Trusteeship and the Divine Name al-Wakīl
Authors: Khalil Atif
Published: May 2023

With special reference to chapters 119 and 558 of the Meccan Revelations, the article draws out Ibn ʿ⁠Arabī’s (d. 638/1240) understanding of the divine Name al-Wakīl (“The Trustee”) and the nature of trusteeship (wakāla). In the process, it demonstrates how for our mystic trusteeship forms a circle that begins with the human being entrusting his affairs to God, and returns to its point of origin with God entrusting him to be His vicegerent (khalīfa). Trusteeship, which finds its archetypical perfection in the divine Wakīl, descends through various degrees of perfection, to all levels and strata of human society. The capacity to embody and manifest the Name al-Wakīl is, for Ibn ʿ⁠Arabī, itself made possible by the theomorphic nature of the human being, a child of the primordial Adam fashioned in the image of God.
From the Cross to the Pyre: The Representation of the Martyrs of Japan in Jesuit Prints
Authors: Rappo Hitomi Omata
Published: May 2023

The iconography of the martyrs of Japan is often linked to that of the Twenty-Six Martyrs of Nagasaki. This group of mostly Franciscans was crucified in 1597 and beatified in 1627, and also included three Jesuits. The Society of Jesus, however, did not emphasize these martyrs in their engravings and representations of the victims of their Japanese mission especially before their beatification. The close study of two major works, Nicolas Trigault’s History of the Martyrs of Japan (Latin, 1623; French, 1624) and the famous Imago primi saeculi (1640), reveals how text and image combine to generate a different discourse of martyrdom that centered on sacrificial fire rather than death on the cross. Although the first three beatified martyrs were never forgotten, the Imago in particular foregrounds another Jesuit martyr, Carlo Spinola, whose prominent family had played an important role in that work’s creation.
“To have a printer at hand”: Jesuits and the Dissemination of Printing in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth before 1620
Authors: Komorowska Magdalena
Published: May 2023

In the second half of the sixteenth century, the Jesuits considered the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth a missionary territory. This perception was linked to the exceptional writing and publishing activity. The Jesuits not only had about seven hundred editions of their writings published before 1620, they also established their own printing presses. This article identifies the main purposes of Jesuit publishing activity, demonstrates the Society’s proficiency with various printed media and reflects on their role in the dissemination of printing craft throughout the Commonwealth.
Erratum ‘Survey of Linyphiidae (Arachnida: Araneae) spiders from Yunnan, China’
Authors: IRFAN MUHAMMAD , ZHANG ZHI-SHENG , PENG XIAN-JIN
Published: May 2023

Linyphiidae Blackwall, 1859 is the second most specious family of spiders, with 4807 species currently recognized in 632 genera (WSC, 2023). An extensive survey of spiders conducted during 1988–2006 in the Gaoligong Mountains and the adjacent areas of Yunnan Province revealed about 110 species belonging to 53 genera, including seven new genera and 76 new species (Irfan et al., 2022).
A new species of Centaurea sect. Acrocentron (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from Iran
Authors: NEGARESH KAZEM , YOUSEFI ZOHREH , KAYA YUSUF
Published: May 2023

Centaurea serowensis Negaresh, a new species of C. sect. Acrocentron from the West Azerbaijan Province of NW Iran, is described and illustrated. Diagnostic morphological characters of this and closely related taxa are discussed and presented. The ecology and conservation status of the new species are discussed. The geographic distribution of the new species and closely related species is also presented and mapped. In addition, a taxonomic key to the species of C. sect. Acrocentron in Iran is provided.
Morphological and phylogenetic evidence for the transfer of the monotypic genus Tordyliopsis to Semenovia (Apiaceae)
Authors: GUO XIAN-LIN , XIAO QUN-YING , GOU WEI , ZHOU SONG-DONG , HE XING-JIN
Published: May 2023

Tordyliopsis is a monotypic genus within the family Apiaceae and is endemic to the southern margin of the Himalayas. The type species, Tordyliopsis brunonis, is easily distinguished by its lanceolate bracts and bracteoles. In this study, we used both phylogenetic and morphological analyses to investigate the relationship between T. brunonis and other species in the Apiaceae. Our phylogenetic analyses of ITS sequences and 79 coding sequences from complete plastid genomes revealed that T. brunonis is nested with Semenovia species. Additionally, our morphological analysis showed that Tordyliopsis and Semenovia share several similar features, including elliptic or oblong mericarps with widely spaced dorsal ribs, broader and winged marginal ribs with slightly inflated distal parts, clavate vittae, and domed stylopodium. Based on these results, we propose that the monotypic genus Tordyliopsis should be transferred to Semenovia.
Completion Pancreatectomy as a Treatment Option for Complications Following Pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Bramis Konstantinos , Vouros Dimitrios , Kotsarinis Vasileios , Frountzas Maximos , Antonakis Pantelis , Memos Nikolaos , Alexakis Nikolaos , Konstadoulakis Manousos , Toutouzas Konstantinos
Published: May 2023

Pancreatoduodenectomy remains a complex abdominal operation for hpb surgeons. Significant complications keep on occurring to many patients undergoing Whipple procedure. We present ten patients, who required completion pancreatectomy in the early postoperative period after Whipples procedure, due to postoperative complications. Indications for completion pancreatectomy included: Sepsis secondary to uncontrolled GRADE C postoperative pancreatic fistula, pancreatic leak and bleeding, postoperative hemorrhage, pancreatic leak with gastrointestinal anastomosis dehiscence, and hepaticojejunal anastomosis dehiscence combined with hemorrhage. Completion pancreatectomy was carried out at a mean interval of 9 days following Whipple procedure. Six patients (60%) survived the operation and discharged from the hospital, with a median survival of 21.3 months. Four patients (40%) died in the early post-operative period due to sepsis (10%) and multiple organ failure (30%). Completion pancreatectomy after pancreatoduodenectomy is rarely indicated and it can be considered as a salvage procedure in the management of severe life-threatening post pancreatic surgery complications.
Certainty, But How Certain? Severity, But How Severe? A Quasi-Experimental Study on Digital Piracy Deterrence in a Spanish Citizens Sample
Authors: Gómez-Bellvís Ana B. , Piquero Alex R. , Miró-Llinares Fernando , Piquero Nicole Leeper , Castro-Toledo Fco. Javier
Published: May 2023

The assumptions underlying classical deterrence remain an underpinning of most legal systems. Although empirical research on deterrence is extensive, less investigated are the conditions under which deterrence is more or less likely to occur. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of sanction severity and certainty on intentions to illegally download a film. A 3 × 4 factorial design was used in which three degrees of severity and 4° of certainty were combined. Results show that when low or medium certainty can be guaranteed, the degree of severity influences the intention to illegally download. However, severity is irrelevant when certainty is zero or total. These results suggest that severity is important, but its relevance is conditioned by the level of certainty.
A Research Review of the Zones of Regulation Program
Authors: Mason Brian K. , Leaf Justin B. , Gerhardt Peter F.
Published: May 2023

The Zones of Regulation is a widely implemented program for social-emotional regulation, including for students with autism. To date, there is very little empirical evidence to show efficacy for the Zones of Regulation. According to standards published by the American Psychological Association, National Standards Project, and National Clearinghouse of Autism Evidence and Practice, the Zones of Regulation does not meet the standards for an evidence-based practice. The authors provide suggestions in support of additional empirical study of Zones of Regulation.
Adaptation at the Syntax–Semantics Interface: Evidence From a Vernacular Structure
Authors: Blanchette Frances , Flannery Erin , Jackson Carrie , Reed Paul
Published: May 2023

Expanding on psycholinguistic research on linguistic adaptation, the phenomenon whereby speakers change how they comprehend or produce structures as a result of cumulative exposure to less frequent or unfamiliar linguistic structures, this study asked whether speakers can learn semantic and syntactic properties of the American English vernacular negative auxiliary inversion (NAI) structure (e.g., didn’t everybody eat, meaning “not everybody ate”) during the course of an experiment. Formal theoretical analyses of NAI informed the design of a task in which American English-speaking participants unfamiliar with this structure were exposed to NAI sentences in either semantically ambiguous or unambiguous contexts. Participants rapidly adapted to the interpretive properties of NAI, selecting responses similar to what would be expected of a native speaker after only limited exposure to semantically ambiguous input. On a separate ratings task, participants displayed knowledge of syntactic restrictions on NAI subject type, despite having no previous exposure. We discuss the results in the context of other experimental studies of adaptation and suggest the implementation of top-down strategies via analogy to other familiar structure types as possible explanations for the behaviors observed in this study. The study illustrates the value of integrating insights from formal theoretical research and psycholinguistic methods in research on adaptation and highlights the need for more interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary work in both experimental and naturalistic contexts to understand this phenomenon.
Relationship of Depression, Hopelessness and Life Satisfaction With Death Anxiety in Individuals Who Have Had COVID-19
Authors: Lok Neslihan , Aydın Zekiye , Uzun Gülten , Kayaaslan Büşra , Selçuk Tosun Alime
Published: May 2023

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between depression, hopelessness and life satisfaction with death anxiety and the determinants of death anxiety in individuals who have had COVID-19. This descriptive and correlational study was conducted with 402 adult individuals. Personal Information Form, Thorson-Powell Death Anxiety Scale, Beck Depression Scale, Beck Hopelessness Scale and Satisfaction with Life Scale were used to collect the data. In the study, a positive relationship was found between death anxiety and depression and hopelessness, and a negative relationship was found between death anxiety and life satisfaction ( p < .001). As a result, being female, having undergraduate or graduate education, having high levels of depression and hopelessness and low life satisfaction were found to be determinants of death anxiety.
The theological role of biography
Authors: Plant Stephen J.
Published: May 2023

This article explores the role of biography in Christian theology. For the greater part of Christian history, biography has played a key devotional and apologetic role by providing models of how the one life of Christ is at work in the saints. Following the Reformation, biographies of Protestant martyrs removed the miraculous element of hagiography, but the exemplary and apologetic functions of biography remained centrally important. From the twentieth century, I argue, there has been a loss of confidence in the role of biography in Christian devotional life and in theology. In conclusion, I suggest ways in which the role of biography might continue to be of value for contemporary theology.
Happy city for everyone: Generational differences in rural migrant workers’ leisure in urban China
Authors: Mao Zidan , Liu Fangyu , Zhao Ying
Published: May 2023

Everyday leisure creates opportunities for migrant–local encounters and these encounters play important roles in urban migrants’ lives as they further their integration into the city. However, migrant workers are not homogeneous, with prominent identifiable differences between generations. This current paper analyses migrant workers’ leisure patterns and constraints in Guangzhou, China, with a particular focus on generational differences. Based on survey data collected in 2018, we have identified three leisure patterns, namely Transformed (i.e., higher leisure consumption and longer travelled distance for leisure), Prolonged (i.e., longer leisure time) and Traditional (i.e., lower leisure consumption, shorter leisure time and shorter travelled distance). In addition, significant generational differences are observed: first, while the Transformed Pattern is predisposed to be the new generation’s choice, almost half of the first generation retains the Traditional pattern; second, the first generation tends to report more substantial leisure constraints subjectively, but their leisure patterns are contrarily more affected by objective constraint indicators, such as gender, working hours, living with family members and residential location. The new generation is more influenced by subjective constraint indicators such as their attitude towards leisure, lack of like-minded companions or mobility choices. This study contributes to the extant literature by offering a typology of leisure patterns considering multiple dimensions of leisure behaviours, and further revealing the diversification of migrant workers’ leisure life in the dynamic urban context. Findings suggest that the two generations may value leisure differently, indicating inevitable lifestyle changes of the newcomers in Chinese cities. Our findings may also provide some suggestions for policymakers.
Observer-based fixed-time consensus tracking for second-order multi-agent systems with disturbances
Authors: Lu Li , Xiao Bo , Han Tao , Zhao Xiao-Feng , Yan Huaicheng
Published: May 2023

This paper researches into a fixed-time consensus tracking problem for a class of second-order multi-agent systems (MASs) subject to external disturbances based on a fixed-time observer. First, we adopt a state observer to change the states of each agent from unknown to known. The observer is designed so that observed states and the leader’s state reach consensus. Second, according to the designed controller, states of each agent and observed states achieve consensus, namely leader-following consensus is realized and the setting time of which is obtained without depending on initial states. By employing Lyapunov stability theory, some sufficient criteria are obtained to achieve fixed-time consensus tracking for second-order MASs with disturbances. Finally, the validity of the design is verified by numerical arithmetic examples.
Utilizing solar photovoltaic systems in educational facilities to achieve a zero bill campus: The Sulaiman Al-Rajhi University case
Authors: Alfaoyzan Faouzan Abdulaziz , Almasri Radwan A.
Published: May 2023

One of the primary things damaging the environment is the use of energy. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), electricity is the main source of energy in educational buildings. To conserve the environment, significant efforts are now being made to reduce energy use in general and electricity use in particular. To be sustainable, it is also vital to research the possibilities of employing solar energy in the higher education sector since it is also accessible in the KSA. The main motives behind this study are the low prices of photovoltaic (PV) solar systems globally and the existence of a new government system to benefit from solar energy in the KSA. The utilization of PV solar energy at Sulaiman Al-Rajhi University in the Qassim region was examined in this article. Two scenarios were considered: scenario 1, in which the entire roof of the buildings is covered by a PV system, and scenario 2, for securing electricity so that it is a nearly zero-bill campus (nZBC). The yield factors calculated for scenarios 1 and 2 are 1896  and 1922 kWh/kWp, respectively, while the capacity factor is 21.6% for scenario 1 and 21.9% for scenario 2. For scenarios 1 and 2, the systems produce 2,160,181 and 10,199,253 kWh of electrical energy annually, respectively. The production in the second scenario is about 113% of the load to reach an nZBC, compared to the first scenario's coverage of about 24% of the load. The levelized cost of energy was found to be between 0.026 and 0.028 $/kWh, with a simple payback period of 10 years for scenario 1 and 8.1 years for scenario 2. Additionally, the proposed systems’ environmental benefits were noted.
Global Shrinkage of Space and the Hub-and-Spoke System in the Global Trade Network
Authors: Jung Paul H. , Thill Jean-Claude
Published: May 2023

We explore how the hub-and-spoke system in the international freight transportation network contributes to the global shrinkage of space. The friction in long-distance trade routes varies by the location of shippers and nodal characteristics of traversed ports, and is mitigated by the quality of scale economies driven by the hub-and-spoke distribution system along the trajectory of the logistic process. In order to confirm the shrinkage of space brought about by the hub-and-spoke shipping economies through transshipment routes via hub ports, we examine disaggregated cross-Atlantic cargo shipping trajectory data from Europe to the U.S. recorded both on landside and seaside with a discrete choice model. The results present that hub-and-spoke shipping economies arise with the scales of landside and maritime port operations and with shipping line diversity. Generally, they are found to offset distance friction that occurs along landside and maritime shipping voyages, but hub-and-spoke shipping economies arise differently depending on how hub-and-spoke configurations are set. They mainly stem from larger scale of ports’ operation and more diverse shipping lines serving the final port of export. The hub-and-spoke system is confirmed as a main driver of global shrinkage of space in terms of long-distance commercial activities.
Assessing the Carcinogenicity of Vadadustat, an Oral Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Prolyl-4-Hydroxylase Inhibitor, in Rodents
Authors: Kowalski Heather , Hoivik Debie , Rabinowitz Michael
Published: May 2023

Vadadustat is an investigational oral hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl-4-hydroxylase inhibitor to treat anemia due to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Some studies suggest that HIF activation promotes tumorigenesis by activating angiogenesis downstream of vascular endothelial growth factor, while other studies suggest that elevated HIF activity may produce an antitumor phenotype. To evaluate the potential carcinogenicity of vadadustat in mice and rats, we dosed CByB6F1/Tg.rasH2 hemizygous (transgenic) mice orally by gavage with 5 to 50 mg/kg/d of vadadustat for 6 months and dosed Sprague-Dawley rats orally by gavage with 2 to 20 mg/kg/d for approximately 85 weeks. Doses were selected based on the maximally tolerated dose established for each species in previous studies. The tumors that were identified in the studies were not considered to be treatment-related for statistical reasons or within the historical control range. There was no carcinogenic effect attributed to vadadustat in mice or rats.
Absence of Increased Susceptibility to Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury in a Diet-Induced NAFLD Mouse Model
Authors: Izawa Takeshi , Travlos Gregory S. , Cortes Ricardo A. , Clayton Natasha P. , Sills Robert C. , Pandiri Arun R.
Published: May 2023

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease and its influence on drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is not fully understood. We investigated whether NAFLD can influence acetaminophen (APAP [N-acetyl-p-aminophenol])-induced hepatotoxicity in a diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse model of NAFLD. The male C57BL/6NTac DIO mice, fed a high-fat diet for more than 12 weeks, developed obesity, hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and hepatomegaly with hepatic steatosis, similar to human NAFLD. In the acute toxicity study after a single dose of APAP (150 mg/kg), compared with control lean mice, the DIO mice had decreased serum transaminase levels and less severe hepatocellular injury. The DIO mice also had altered expression of genes related to APAP metabolism. Chronic APAP exposure for 26 weeks did not predispose the DIO mice with NAFLD to more severe hepatotoxicity compared with the lean mice. These results suggested that the C57BL/6NTac DIO mouse model appears to be more tolerant to APAP-induced hepatotoxicity than lean mice, potentially related to altered xenobiotic metabolizing capacity in the fatty liver. Further mechanistic studies with APAP and other drugs in NAFLD animal models are necessary to investigate the mechanism of altered susceptibility to intrinsic DILI in some human NAFLD patients.
Severe tracheal tear – an alternative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation indication
Authors: Buschulte Katharina , Kahn Nicolas , Schmidt Werner , Reinhardt Lars
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Conservative management is usually preferred for iatrogenic tracheal injuries. Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) is mostly used in acute refractory hypoxemia, airway lesions are an alternative indication.

Case Report

A 51-year-old female was transferred with a large tracheal tear after plastic tracheotomy. Due to a critical ventilation situation with hypercapnia, conservative management was set and V-V ECMO was installed. With optimized tube positioning, minimal ventilation and gas transfer via V-V ECMO, a complete healing of the injury could be achieved.

Discussion

Fast diagnosis of tracheal injuries is essential; transfer to a specialized centre should be considered. In our case, organ support via ECMO was necessary due to a difficult ventilation situation with persisting hypercapnia. Thus, reduction in ventilation pressures with reduction of possible leakage and healing of the tracheal tear could be achieved.

Conclusion

Management of tracheal tears is complex; in severe cases special therapy concepts such as the use of V-V ECMO may become necessary.
Joseph R. Biden as a Multi-layered President
Authors: Goodsell Charles T.
Published: May 2023

A little understood reason for the success of the Biden Presidency is the occupant's range of role diversity. His multiple forms of leadership allow him to present himself as the situation warrants at a moment's notice. This skill refers not just to varied speaking styles but wholly different personae. Eight of these roles are illustrated and evaluated: Mentor, Commander, Lawgiver, Warrior, Advocate, Visionary, Preacher, and Comforter.
Evaluation of Unbiased Opinions Related to Orthodontic Treatment Decision-Making Using a Simplified Malocclusion Index: A Cross Sectional Study Within Two Tribal Populations With No Prior Treatment History
Authors: Digumarthi Uday Kumar , Prakash Ram
Published: May 2023

Background

An analysis of the factors influencing the decision-making process in accepting orthodontic treatment can be of profound importance in establishing trust and ensuring an overall positive outcome. This is all the more significant when dealing with a patient who has not had any prior interaction with an orthodontist. The Simplified Malocclusion Index for Layperson Evaluation (SMILE Index) allows an unbiased cross-evaluation between the perceived need for treatment and the factors of orthodontic awareness and self-perceived esthetics.

Objectives

Tribal adolescents belonging to 2 regions with no prior access to orthodontic treatment were chosen for the study. Most adolescents of this region were assumed to have orthodontic awareness by way of information from their schools and dental camps. During the orthodontic screening process, a verbally assigned questionnaire base index was used to elicit their willingness to undergo treatment and to understand influencing factors.

Methods

A total of 2,835 tribal adolescents between the ages of 13 and 19 years belonging to the Revenue divisions of Paderu (Visakhapatnam) and Parvathipuram (Vizianagaram) were screened in this study. Chosen candidates presented with normal growth and development, and had no nutritional deficiencies or metabolic disorders. Consent and permissions were obtained from the regional tribal authorities, institutional ethical clearance committee, the school authorities, and the parents or guardians of the adolescents. The orthodontic screening was performed under natural daylight with strict adherence to infection prevention protocol. Observed occlusions were categorized into either an ideal occlusion or Angle’s Class I, II, and III malocclusions. During the screening, the SMILE index was assigned in the vernacular Telugu. A percentage distribution analysis was made of the responses of those presenting with malocclusion.

Results

An analysis of the SMILE index results of the adolescents of Paderu Revenue division revealed higher SMILE index scores in categories III and V with a percentage distribution of 24.46% for males and 26.86% for females in SMILE Index Score Category III and 63.40% for the males and 52.13% for the females in Category V. Similarly, the results of Parvathipuram division had a higher score distribution in the categories of III and V with a percentage distribution of 16.07% for males and 15.84% for females in category III and 78.67% for males and 74.25% for females in category V.

Conclusion

Orthodontic treatment with proper counseling providing clarity of facts facilitates an easier decision-making process and enables both the patient and the orthodontist to understand one another and the treatment process better for a much more predictable overall treatment outcome.
Association Between Growth Hormone Receptor Gene Polymorphisms rs6180, rs6182, and rs6184 and Craniofacial Parameters in Indian Population
Authors: Sameemullah Kathijathul Hidhaya , Tripathi Tulika , Polipalli Sunil Kumar , Kalra Shilpa , Rai Priyank , Kanase Anup
Published: May 2023

Objective/Background

Craniofacial growth and development is influenced by growth hormone, which is in turn facilitated by the growth hormone receptor (GHR). GHR gene polymorphisms have been found to be associated with mandibular morphology and skeletal facial profiles in various populations. The aim of this study was to determine the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of GHR gene rs6180, rs6182, and rs6184 with maxillomandibular parameters in the Indian population.

Setting and Sample Population

A cross sectional study was conducted on 174 male and female Indian subjects in the age range of 20 to 32 years who reported for orthodontic treatment.

Material and Methods

Venous blood and lateral cephalogram were collected from each participant for genetic and cephalometric analysis. Genotypes of each SNP were identified by polymerase chain reaction—restriction fragment length polymorphism. Independent t test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were done for intra and inter group comparisons with SPSS software.

Results

SNPs rs6180, and rs6182 were found to be associated with sagittal position and length of maxilla and mandible, anterior facial height, and growth pattern. SNP rs6184 did not have any significant association with the craniofacial parameters.

Conclusion

The results suggest that the GHR gene might be a candidate gene for maxillomandibular morphology in the Indian population.
Developer Response to the Removal of Minimum Parking Requirements in Buffalo
Authors: Hess Daniel Baldwin , Flowers Brendan
Published: May 2023

The widespread adoption of minimum parking requirements in American zoning codes has resulted in off-street parking provision as a compulsory part of the land development process. A robust academic literature on the effects of minimum parking requirements has identified that parking prioritization induces more driving and results in harmful consequences such as traffic congestion, air pollution, and sprawl. On the adoption of its 2017 Unified Development Ordinance (Green Code), Buffalo (NY) became the first major city in the United States to implement the complete removal of minimum parking requirements. The new zoning code sans parking minimums offers real estate developers greater flexibility on new real estate development projects because off-street parking lots can be reduced in size or removed altogether from developments, and land previously reserved for required off-street parking can now be used in other ways on development sites. To better understand the development responses to parking deregulation in Buffalo, we conducted a series of in-depth interviews with 10 real estate development and lending professionals that have been involved in new development projects since 2017. Three takeaway messages emerged. First, when minimum parking requirements are removed, parcels amid high-walkability and multimodal travel opportunities are more desirable for development. Second, lower parking ratios are useful for infill development projects and contribute to filling existing gaps in the urban fabric. Third, the removal of parking requirements enables developers to benefit from increased feasibility on projects, both in relation to financial viability and the ability to configure developments on smaller urban parcels.
Short-Duration Crash Modeling to Understand the Impact of Operating Speed on Freeway Crashes During COVID-19
Authors: Das Subasish , Khodadadi Ali , Liu Jinli
Published: May 2023

Gaining an understanding of speed–crash relationships is a critical issue in highway safety research. Because of the ongoing pandemic (COVID-19) there has been a reduction in traffic volume, and some early studies explain that speeding in an environment with less traffic is associated with a high number of crashes, especially fatal and serious injury crashes. This study aims to quantify the impact of operating speed on traffic crash occurrences. The study conflated several databases (speed data, roadway inventory data, and crash data) that contain data from Dallas, Texas, spanning from 2018 to 2020, to examine the speed–crash association. Using the negative binomial Lindley regression model, this study showed that the trends of crash prediction models vary over the years (2018, 2019, and 2020) by different injury severity levels (i.e., fatal crashes, fatal and incapacitating injury crashes). The 2020 models show that operating speed measures (i.e., average operating speed) have a significant impact on crash frequencies. The magnitudes of the speed measures show variations across the models at different injury severity levels.
Incident Diversionary Routing: Survey of Influences and Decisions
Authors: Cole Grace , Wolshon Brian , Schmidt Jeffrey
Published: May 2023

When confronted with congestion and delay, drivers often divert their route. Depending on factors like purpose, urgency, destination, route alternatives, type of disruption, and mode options, common diversionary options can range from changing departure time, route, and mode to canceling a trip altogether. The choice to divert depends on several factors, including whether, when, and where they become aware of a disruption. As the ability of transportation agencies to detect incidents, inform drivers of conditions, and implement control-changes to accommodate volume surges has improved, there is increasing interest in knowing whether drivers will divert and why. This article describes the results of research using marketing-based survey techniques to evaluate driver diversionary behavior during roadway incidents. The survey was used to identify and assess diversionary choice-making a) based on travel behaviors and habits, b) under routine and adverse conditions, c) for different incidents and route options; and d) under varied guidance information available to them. The results showed that travel time reduction was the primary motivator for alternate path use to avoid congestion, consistent with previous research. Interestingly, younger males showed the lowest level of influence from guidance information, and route familiarity had a lower influence on diversionary routing among all groups, suggesting a trust in real-time mobile routing guidance. With additional analyses, these findings could be applied to estimate and model driver actions under a range of driver-, network-, travel-, and disruption conditions.
Geriatric Psychiatrists’ Perspectives on Palliative Care: Results From A National Survey
Authors: Elhassan Hana , Robbins-Welty Gregg A. , Moxley Jerad , Reid M. Carrington , Shalev Daniel
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Older adults with psychiatric illnesses often have medical comorbidities that require symptom management and impact prognosis. Geriatric psychiatrists are uniquely positioned to meet the palliative care needs of such patients. This study aims to characterize palliative care needs of geriatric psychiatry patients and utilization of primary palliative care skills and subspecialty referral among geriatric psychiatrists.

Methods

National, cross-sectional survey study of geriatrics psychiatrists in the United States.

Results

Respondents (n = 397) reported high palliative care needs among their patients (46-73% of patients). Respondents reported using all domains of palliative care in their clinical practice with varied comfort. In multivariate modeling, only frequency of skill use predicted comfort with skills. Respondents identified that a third of patients would benefit from referral to specialty palliative care.

Conclusions

Geriatric psychiatrists identify high palliative care needs in their patients. They meet these needs by utilizing primary palliative care skills and when available referral to subspecialty palliative care.
Recent research progress on various cooling and lubrication techniques used in sustainable hard machining: A comprehensive review
Authors: Khatai Saswat , Sahoo Ashok Kumar , Kumar Ramanuj , Panda Amlana
Published: May 2023

In recent research, hard machining is an essential manufacturing technology to meet the demand for various industrial product quality and precision. Several key issues like higher heat generation, higher tool wear, higher cutting force and inappropriate surface quality were found in hard machining. Researchers have examined several hard machining-related issues and developed their own suggestions for solutions. It was attempted to research the effects of tool geometry, tool materials and coatings, cutting parameters, and different cooling strategies (coolant and its delivery techniques) on various machinability responses, such as tool wear, tool life, cutting forces, surface roughness, chip morphology etc. In this review article, the different methodologies of cooling and lubrication utilized during hard machining processes have been analysed and their potential application towards sustainable machining is explored. This paper addressed the needs, challenges, and trends towards achieving sustainable hard machining of hard-to-cut materials through the application of dry, minimum quantity lubrication, cryogenic and nanofluids-assisted minimum quantity lubrication cooling strategies. It will be helpful to achieve environmental, economical, ecological and societal benefits to justify sustainable machining. Minimum quantity lubrication hard machining and nano-cutting fluid-assisted minimum quantity lubrication hard machining for sustainability will be immensely beneficial for the replacement of traditional cooling strategies for machining hard-to-cut hardened steel. Furthermore, different computational methods adopted in hard machining for optimization and modelling were also explored to get the optimal solution for industrial applications.
Long-term impact of pregnancy on renal function among Egyptian women with lupus nephritis: A case control study
Authors: Attia Doaa HS , Mokbel Abir , Mohamed Moataz Fatthy , Haggag Hisham Mamdouh
Published: May 2023

Few studies tackled the long-term effect of pregnancy on lupus nephritis (LNs); thus, the study aimed to explore the long-term impact of pregnancy on renal outcomes in Egyptian patients with LN. Group I patients included females who had their first pregnancy after LN onset with ≥5 years elapsing after delivery; group II patients included females who had never got pregnant for ≥7 years after LN onset. Data were retrospectively collected at baseline (T0) and the last visit (Tlast). The study included 43 patients in group I and 39 patients in group II. The comparisons between the two groups regarding the characteristics at Tlast showed no significant difference regarding the serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), renal component of SLICC/ACR Damage Index (SDI) as well as the rate of renal flares, new-onset chronic kidney disease (CKD), progressed CKD and end-stage renal disease. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that systemic hypertension and renal flares were predictors of new-onset/progressed CKD ( p = 0.019, OR [95% CI] = 4 [1.3–13]; and 0.022, 13.8 [1.5–128.8], respectively) while pregnancy was not ( p = 0.363). Paired comparisons between T0 and Tlast characteristics within each group revealed significant increment of serum creatinine, renal SDI and CKD prevalence; as well as decrement of eGFR in group I ( p = 0.004, <0.001, 0.001 and <0.001, respectively) and group II ( p = 0.006, <0.001, 0.004 and 0.002, respectively). In conclusion, pregnancy, per se, does not affect the long-term renal outcome in LN patients; however, it is rather dependent on the existence of baseline renal damage and the development of renal flares.
Detecting the skewness of data from the five-number summary and its application in meta-analysis
Authors: Shi Jiandong , Luo Dehui , Wan Xiang , Liu Yue , Liu Jiming , Bian Zhaoxiang , Tong Tiejun
Published: May 2023

For clinical studies with continuous outcomes, when the data are potentially skewed, researchers may choose to report the whole or part of the five-number summary (the sample median, the first and third quartiles, and the minimum and maximum values) rather than the sample mean and standard deviation. In the recent literature, it is often suggested to transform the five-number summary back to the sample mean and standard deviation, which can be subsequently used in a meta-analysis. However, if a study contains skewed data, this transformation and hence the conclusions from the meta-analysis are unreliable. Therefore, we introduce a novel method for detecting the skewness of data using only the five-number summary and the sample size, and meanwhile, propose a new flow chart to handle the skewed studies in a different manner. We further show by simulations that our skewness tests are able to control the type I error rates and provide good statistical power, followed by a simulated meta-analysis and a real data example that illustrate the usefulness of our new method in meta-analysis and evidence-based medicine.
Justice in English-Only
Authors: van Buuren Joseph
Published: May 2023

Australia has long sought to portray itself as a proudly multicultural nation that claims to welcome and celebrate cultural and linguistic diversity. This article seeks to illustrate how the law, legal discourse and precedent continue to exclude and symbolically punish language-minoritised people, through reinforcing unofficial ‘English-only’ rules. This is accompanied by efforts to deny or downplay the racialised effects of linguistic marginalisation. ‘Equality’ discourses are especially powerful in this kind of denialism, where particular groups are portrayed as equally disadvantaged by particular language requirements needed to exercise and operationalise certain legal rights. This construct of a ‘shared inequality’ when it comes to language is effective in denying that laws can operate in a racially discriminatory manner. At an interactional level, racialised ‘English-only’ rules are reinforced through the policing and assessing of the language practices of minoritised witnesses and accused people. Speaking the ‘right way’ becomes particularly relevant when courtroom credibility assessments are tied to how a person speaks. In this regards, English monolingualism is constructed as the normative benchmark against which the linguistic and racial ‘Other’ is adjudged. This means that a failure to meet this standard can become a basis for questioning a person's credibility and believability as a witness.
Registered nurses’ exposure to high stress of conscience in long-term care
Authors: Munkeby Hilde , Bratberg Grete , Devik Siri Andreassen
Published: May 2023

Background

In long-term care, registered nurses and other care providers often experience tensions between ideals and realities in the delivery of services, which can result in stress of conscience. Burnout, low quality of care and a tendency to leave the profession are perceived as consequences.

Objectives

This study aimed to identify the socio-demographic and work-related factors associated with a high level of stress of conscience, particularly between nursing occupations.

Research design

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among care providers who worked in Norwegian nursing homes and home care services in the spring of 2021. The sample consisted of 950 registered nurses and 1143 other care providers. Data were collected online using the Stress of Conscience Questionnaire (SCQ).

Ethical considerations

Participation was voluntary and based on consent. The study was approved by the Norwegian Center for Research Data.

Results

Registered nurses were nearly twice as likely to report high levels of stress of conscience compared to other care providers in long-term care. In addition, being a female, living alone, caring for their own children, working in an institution (versus home based), working >75% time, working shifts, not having scheduled meetings for ethical reflection and working in municipalities with a higher population density were factors associated with a high level of SCQ score.

Discussion

Knowledge of factors that increase the risk of high SCQ scores in registered nurses provides opportunities for prevention. Managers in long-term care should pay more attention to how work is distributed between the occupational groups and should facilitate real opportunities for ethical reflection.

Conclusions

The results of this study show that registered nurses have particular exposure to high levels of stress of conscience compared to other care providers in long-term care. Particular attention should be paid to registered nurses working in nursing homes.
Internationalisation Equals Quality? Students’ Perspectives on Quality of Higher Education in Denmark
Authors: Eiras Paola R. S.
Published: May 2023

Higher education (HE) institutions in Europe are ascribing greater importance to internationalisation as adding value to the entire institution, whereby the most important benefit identified is improved quality of teaching and learning. Notwithstanding, students’ perceptions of the extent to which quality of education is associated with internationalisation is under-explored. This paper addresses this gap and employs a digital ethno-methodological approach, drawing on 126 h of teaching and learning observation, and 38 semi-structured interviews with Danish and international students enrolled in 8 Masters of Science (MSc) programmes in Denmark. Nuanced aspects of perceptions of quality, relevance and learning were mostly related to two instruments of internationalisation: international staff and an international student body. Results show that diversity is a keyword in students’ discourses, whereby quality often equals internationalisation. However, there is a disconnect between discourses and actual practices of internationalisation, with implications for policies and practices in internationalised HE contexts.
A second-generation, point-of-care immunoassay provided improved detection of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia antibodies in PCR-positive dogs naturally infected with Anaplasma or Ehrlichia species
Authors: Richardson Safari S. , Mainville Celine A. , Arguello-Marin Andrea , Whalley Darcy , Burton Wade , Breitschwerdt Edward B. , Qurollo Barbara A.
Published: May 2023

A validated second-generation SNAP 4Dx Plus (Idexx) incorporates new peptides for improved detection of antibodies against Anaplasma and Ehrlichia tick-borne pathogens in dogs. We compared the first- and second-generation SNAP 4Dx Plus using dogs naturally infected with Anaplasma or Ehrlichia species, or dogs seroreactive by an E. canis indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). The second-generation immunoassay was more sensitive than the first-generation for dogs infected with A. phagocytophilum (51.1% and 29.2%, respectively), A. platys (63.6% and 35.3%, respectively), E. canis (96.2% and 88.3%, respectively), or E. ewingii (73.7% and 70.8%, respectively), and for dogs seroreactive by E. canis IFAT (87.3% and 83.9%, respectively). The second-generation immunoassay detected significantly more Anaplasma- or Ehrlichia-infected dogs that were Anaplasma ( p < 0.001) or Ehrlichia ( p = 0.031) seroreactive, respectively, than did the first-generation test. When Ehrlichia seroreactivity by E. canis IFAT and both immunoassays was compared, significantly more E. canis–infected dogs were seroreactive by E. canis IFAT than the first-generation ( p = 0.006) but not the second-generation ( p = 0.125) immunoassay. Significantly more E. ewingii–infected dogs were seroreactive by the first- ( p = 0.011) and second-generation ( p = 0.049) immunoassays than the E. canis IFAT. Medical records available for 7 dogs that were Anaplasma seroreactive by the second-generation but not the first-generation immunoassay revealed case management decisions that might have been different with an immediate anaplasmosis diagnosis, including earlier doxycycline therapy and less hospitalization. The second-generation SNAP 4Dx Plus test offered improved serologic detection of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia in naturally infected dogs.
Epithelioid Angiomyolipoma With Prominent Papillary Architecture Mimicking Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Xiao Andrew , Van Ziffle Jessica , Chan Emily
Published: May 2023

Renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma (EAML) (epithelioid PEComa of the kidney), is a rare subtype of renal angiomyolipoma with the potential for aggressive behavior and a known diagnostically challenging entity. We present a renal EAML with unusual papillary architecture and tumor cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and cherry-red nucleoli with perinucleolar halos, strongly mimicking a fumarate hydratase (FH) deficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We herein report our findings and discuss the morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular pitfalls to consider in the differential of EAML, including with FH-deficient RCC and more recently described entities: TFEB-amplified RCC and other renal tumors with alterations in TSC1/2. Novel findings in this tumor include papillary morphology and a novel telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter rearrangement, which has not been previously reported in EAML.