bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Pharmacokinetics Study of the Anti-Parkinsonian Drug Pramipexole
Authors: Putri Ratih , Setiawati Effi , Aziswan Syifa , Ong Fenny , Tjandrawinata Raymond , Susanto Liana
Published: November 2016

The present study aimed to compare pharmacokinetic parameters of two pramipexole 0.25 mg formulations in order to show bioequivalence. The study was conducted in a randomized, open-label, two-period, two-sequence, and crossover design, involving 23 healthy volunteers. One of the 0.25 mg formulations of pramipexole evaluated in the study was manufactured by PT Dexa Medica, Palembang, Indonesia, the other, used as the reference, by Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany. All eligible subjects were required to fast before each drug administration period, which was separated by a one-week washout period. Pramipexole concentrations in plasma were assayed using a validated ultra performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) detector. The evaluated pharmacokinetic parameters included the area under the plasma concentration curve from time zero to the last observed measurable concentration (AUC0-t), the area under the plasma concentration curve extrapolated to infinite time (AUC0-∞), the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), the time to reach Cmax (tmax), and the plasma concentration half-life (t1/2). To evaluate the bioequivalence of those two pramipexole formulations, 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for geometric mean ratios of both formulations were calculated for AUC and Cmax parameters, while tmax and t1/2 differences were analyzed on the non-transformed data using Wilcoxon matched-pairs and a Student’s paired t-test, respectively. The 90% CIs for the geometric mean ratios of the two pramipexole formulations were 95.89% (90.73%–101.34%), 95.53% (89.75%–101.68%), and 92.11% (84.35%–100.58%) for AUC0-t, AUC0-∞, and Cmax, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences for tmax and t1/2 between the two pramipexole formulations. It is concluded that two pramipexole formulations in this study were bioequivalent.
Exploring Differences in Commuting Behaviour among Various Income Groups during Polycentric Urban Development in China: New Evidence and Its Implications
Authors: Lin Dong , Allan Andrew , Cui Jianqiang
Published: November 2016

Income status is an important variable that is strongly associated with certain commuting behaviours of workers. This paper presents new evidence on how polycentric development impacts on workers’ commuting behaviour among various income groups in Beijing, China. This study suggests that three key influencing factors—the public transport network, the location of affordable housing projects and the process of employment decentralisation—have played significant roles in affecting workers’ commuting behaviour. The results of regression analysis indicate that subway and bus transport significantly and negatively influenced the commuting times of low- and middle-income workers, but the two transport modes did not have a significant influence on the commuting times of high-income workers. The findings from this research suggest that policies for promoting employment decentralisation during polycentric development have the potential to reduce workers’ commuting times through promoting jobs-housing balance in the sub-centres. The results of this study indicate that a balanced jobs-housing relationship can be achieved through adjustment of affordable housing locations, and this can be effective in shortening low-income workers’ commuting times in the sub-centres of Beijing.
Reputation, Game Theory and Entrepreneurial Sustainability
Authors: Pineiro-Chousa Juan , Vizcaíno-González Marcos , López-Cabarcos M.
Published: November 2016

Abstract: This manuscript provides a novel approach to reputational management as a driver of entrepreneurial sustainability, using game theory to integrate three dimensions of reputation. First, if the entrepreneur perceives reputation as a risk source, the analysis is framed as a prisoner’s dilemma schema that is solved by protecting against reputational threats from entrepreneurial sustainability. Second, if the entrepreneur perceives reputation as a competitive advantage, the analysis is framed as an innovator’s dilemma that is solved by getting reputational opportunities from entrepreneurial sustainability. Third, if reputation is perceived as a strategic asset, the analysis is framed as a coordination game schema that results in the development of a reputational intelligence skill that has the potential to become crucial for success in entrepreneurial sustainability. Consequently, this manuscript provides an original multidisciplinary analysis of reputational management by relating well-known theoretical results from game theory to organizational realities.
Ensemble Pruning for Glaucoma Detection in an Unbalanced Data Set
Authors: Gefeller Olaf , Gul Asma , Horn Folkert , Khan Zardad , Lausen Berthold , Adler Werner
Published: November 2016

Background: Random forests are successful classifier ensemble methods consisting of typically 100 to 1000 classification trees. Ensemble pruning techniques reduce the computational cost, especially the memory demand, of random forests by reducing the number of trees without relevant loss of performance or even with increased perfor -mance of the sub-ensemble. The application to the problem of an early detection of glaucoma, a severe eye disease with low prevalence, based on topographical measurements of the eye background faces specific challenges.

Objectives: We examine the performance of ensemble pruning strategies for glaucoma detection in an unbalanced data situation.

Methods: The data set consists of 102 topo-graphical features of the eye background of 254 healthy controls and 55 glaucoma patients. We compare the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and the Brier score on the total data set, in the majority class, and in the minority class of pruned random forest ensembles obtained with strategies based on the prediction accuracy of greedily grown sub-ensembles, the uncertainty weighted accuracy, and the similarity between single trees. To validate the findings and to examine the influence of the prevalence of glaucoma in the data set, we additionally perform a simulation study with lower prevalences of glaucoma.

Results: In glaucoma classification all three pruning strategies lead to improved AUC and smaller Brier scores on the total data set with sub-ensembles as small as 30 to 80 trees compared to the classification results obtained with the full ensemble consisting of 1000 trees. In the simulation study, we were able to show that the prevalence of glaucoma is a critical factor and lower prevalence decreases the performance of our pruning strategies.

Conclusions: The memory demand for glaucoma classification in an unbalanced data situation based on random forests could effectively be reduced by the application of pruning strategies without loss of perfor -mance in a population with increased risk of glaucoma.
Exploring Possibilities for Transforming Established Subscription-based Scientific Journals into Open Access Journals
Authors: Kuballa Stefanie , Schulze Mareike , Böhm Claudia , Gefeller Olaf , Haaf Jan , Henning Peter , Mielke Corinna , Niggemann Florian , Schürg Andrea , Bergemann Dieter , Haux Reinhold
Published: November 2016

Background: Based on today‘s information and communication technologies the open access paradigm has become an important approach for adequately communicating new scientific knowledge.

Objectives: Summarizing the present situa -tion for journal transformation. Presenting criteria for adequate transformation as well as a specific approach for it. Describing our exemplary implementation of such a journal transformation.

Methods: Studying the respective literature as well as discussing this topic in various discussion groups and meetings (primarily of editors and publishers, but also of authors and readers), with long term experience as editors and /or publishers of scientific publications as prerequisite.

Results: There is a clear will, particularly of political and funding organizations, towards open access publishing. In spite of this, there is still a large amount of scientific knowl edge, being communicated through subscription-based journals. For successfully transforming such journals into open access, sixteen criteria for a goal-oriented, stepwise, sustainable, and fair transformation are suggested. The Tandem Model as transformation approach is introduced. Our exemplary implementation is done in the Trans-O-MIM project. It is exploring strategies, models and evaluation metrics for journal transforma tion. As instance the journal Methods of Information in Medicine will apply the Tandem Model from 2017 onwards.

Conclusions: Within Trans-O-MIM we will reach at least nine of the sixteen criteria for adequate transformation. It was positive to implement Trans-O-MIM as international research project. After first steps for transforming Methods have successfully been made, challenges will remain, among others, in identifying appropriate incentives for open access publishing in order to support its transformation.
Synthesis, dynamic NMR characterization and XRD studies of novel N,N’-substituted piperazines for bioorthogonal labeling
Authors: Mamat Constantin , Pretze Marc , Gott Matthew , Köckerling Martin
Published: November 2016

Novel, functionalized piperazine derivatives were successfully synthesized and fully characterized by 1H/13C/19F NMR, MS, elemental analysis and lipophilicity. All piperazine compounds occur as conformers resulting from the partial amide double bond. Furthermore, a second conformational shape was observed for all nitro derivatives due to the limited change of the piperazine chair conformation. Therefore, two coalescence points were determined and their resulting activation energy barriers were calculated using 1H NMR. To support this result, single crystals of 1-(4-nitrobenzoyl)piperazine (3a, monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 24.587(2), b = 7.0726(6), c = 14.171(1) Å, β = 119.257(8)°, V = 2149.9(4) Å3, Z = 4, Dobs = 1.454 g/cm3) and the alkyne derivative 4-(but-3-yn-1-yl)-1-(4-fluorobenzoyl)piperazine (4b, monoclinic, space group P21/n, a = 10.5982(2), b = 8.4705(1), c = 14.8929(3) Å, β = 97.430(1)°, V = 1325.74(4) Å3, Z = 4, Dobs = 1.304 g/cm3) were obtained from a saturated ethyl acetate solution. The rotational conformation of these compounds was also verified by XRD. As proof of concept for future labeling purposes, both nitropiperazines were reacted with [18F]F–. To test the applicability of these compounds as possible 18F-building blocks, two biomolecules were modified and chosen for conjugation either using the Huisgen-click reaction or the traceless Staudinger ligation.
DOWNDRAFT GASIFIER INDUSTRIAL EXPERIMENT
Authors: Karklina Katrina , Kirsanovs Vladimirs , Veidenbergs Ivars , Blumberga Dagnija , Paliulis Dainius
Published: November 2016

Economic and environmental considerations of fossil fuel use, such as its shortage and impact on the air quality,
as well as contribution to the climate change process, has lead to the necessity to develop biomass-based energy supply
systems. Biomass is a renewable resource, which is an alternative for the fossil fuel. However, use of solid biomass is limited
by the applicable technologies – it is not possible to use it in gas turbines or internal combustion engines, which are applied
for the efficient combined heat and power generation. Therefore, biomass gasification is considered as a means of perspective
energy conversion. In gasification, the intrinsic chemical energy of solid biomass is converted into the energy of combustible
gas that can be used in gas-consuming engines. Tar is a by-product of gasification; it mainly consists of organic substances
heavier than benzene and leads to clogging of pipes and downstream equipment because of its condensation on the inner
surfaces. Determination of tar mass concentration and composition depending on the gasifier operational mode is the first
step for process optimization aiming to get the maximal yield of useful syngas. An industrial experiment is examined in the
paper, the gasifier model is compared with the results of practical measurements, and the method for tar determination is
tested? on a real object. The predicted tar value in the model was 58 g/mn3, practical measurements showed that gravimetric
tar mass concentration is in the range of 0.54…5.64 g/mn3.
SUSTAINABLE USE OF FUEL WOOD RESOURCES FOR INDIVIDUAL HEATING SYSTEM IN LATVIA
Authors: Kuzņecova Inga , Gedrovičs Mārtiņš , Vaišis Vaidotas
Published: November 2016

Over the past years, increasing attention is paid to sustainability and sustainable development, where three main
components – economic, society and environment are not independent but interrelate with each other and seek compromise.
Human and environmental wellbeing are goals to be achieved, but economic wellbeing is a factor enabling sustainability
and providing it over time. On the way towards sustainability, one of important fields that have not been discussed sufficiently
in Latvia is individual heating for households. To evaluate it, one can use quantitative indicators that point towards
successful outcomes and conclusions for policy makers?. In the concept of sustainable development indicators play an important
role because they indicate the relevant issue timely and based on outcomes it could be determined what needs to be
done to achieve the goal. The aim of this paper is to determine the current situation in the energy sector in Latvia in order to
establish indicators for monitoring sustainable development in the individual heating sector. The paper presents the results
of statistical data analysis for the use of wood fuel in households.
PERMANENTIŠKAI TERŠIAMOS HIDROEKOSISTEMOS VANDENS TOKSIŠKUMO ĮVERTINIMAS PAGAL ŽUVŲ ELGSENOS REAKCIJAS: PALYGINIMAS SU SUNKIŲJŲ METALŲ TOKSIŠKUMU
Authors: Makaras Tomas , Svecevičius Gintaras
Published: November 2016

Žuvų elgsena yra gera priemonė vertinant vandenų užterštumą ir galėtų būti naudojama kaip vienas iš parametrų vertinant gamtinių ekosistemų būklę, jų vandens toksiškumą. Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti permanentiškai teršiamos hidroekosistemos (Kairių sąvartyno regiono) vandens toksiškumo laipsnį 6-iose tiriamose stotyse pagal vaivorykštinio upėtakio (Oncorhynchus mykiss) jauniklių ekspresyvias elgsenos reakcijas. Siekiant įvertinti tirtus vandenis toksikologiškai gauti duomenys buvo palyginti su standartinio (referencinio) testo rezultatais naudojant sunkiųjų metalų (Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd, Mn) modelinį mišinį. Nustatyta, kad jautriausia upėtakio elgsenos reakcija yra reversinio kvėpavimo (kosėjimo) dažnis. Lyginant su referenciniu sunkiųjų metalų mišinio toksiškumu, „saugios“ koncentracijos žuvims riba arčiausiai sąvartyno esančios stoties vandenyje buvo viršyta net 86 kartus. Atlikta daugialypės tiesinės regresijos analizė parodė, kad tirtų vandenų toksiškumas upėtakiams priklauso nuo sunkiųjų metalų koncentracijos vandenyje ir atstumo iki taršos šaltinio.
OIL SPILL DETECTION WITH REMOTE SENSORS
Authors: Pilžis Kristina , Vaišis Vaidotas
Published: November 2016

Accurate detection and forecasting of oil spills and their trajectories is beneficial for monitoring and conservation
of the marine environment. The most common techniques of oil spill tracking are remote sensing from an aircraft and
satellites. Remote sensors work by detecting sea surface properties and the most effective of them are laser fluorosensors,
optical remote sensing (visible, infrared, ultraviolet) and microwave sensors. Possibilities and advantages of their use are
reviewed in this article.
AKMENS ANGLIMI KŪRENAMOS KATILINĖS ĮTAKOS SUNKIŲJŲ METALŲ KIEKIUI SNIEGO MĖGINIUOSE TYRIMAI
Authors: Sveikauskaitė Ieva , Bradulienė Jolita
Published: November 2016

Sniego danga gali būti naudojama kaip puikus pramoninės taršos indikatorius, nustatant sunkiųjų metalų pernašos
į dirvožemį rodiklį pagal kietųjų dalelių (KD) kiekį. Šiame tyrime sniego dangos ėminiai voko principu buvo imti iš 11
akmens anglimi kūrenamos UAB „Nemenčinės komunalininkas“ katilinės Nr. 9 įtakos zonų. Gautas tirpsmo vanduo bei
mineralizuotos sniego dulkės buvo naudojamos antropogeninių teršalų – sunkiųjų metalų – švino, cinko, vario, kadmio
koncentracijoms, susidariusioms ant sniego paviršiaus, nustatyti. Šiame darbe nagrinėjamos gautos koncentracijos, jų priklausomybės
nuo vėjų krypties, pasaulio šalių bei sumodeliuotų KD sklidimo aplinkos ore. Nustatytų koncentracijų seka
gauta pagal dydį Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd, o didžiausios koncentracijos kaupimosi vietos pagal zonas yra nutolusios 100–150 m.
į šiaurės vakarus nuo katilinės teritorijoje esančio teršalus išmetančio kamino. Susidariusių koncentracijų kiekiai neviršija ir
sudaro labai mažą dalį Vilniaus rajono foninių koncentracijų.
MATHEMATICAL INVESTIGATION OF CLIMATE ADAPTIVE BUILDING SHELL
Authors: Zamovskis Maris , Vanaga Ruta , Blumberga Andra , Bazienė Kristina
Published: November 2016

The European Parliament and Council Directive 2010/31/EU states that all member states of EU shall ensure that
all new buildings are nearly zero-energy after December 31 2020. For now, there are no efficient, cost effective and widely
used tools to achieve such performance. To achieve the goal set out in the legislation there is a need for an appropriate solution
in order to minimize energy consumption of a building or obtain energy on site from renewable resources. The first
method to achieve it is to minimize heat losses through the envelope of a building in winter and prevent overheating in summer.
Traditional construction types used in buildings have static thermal properties. There is an energy efficiency potential in
dynamic thermal properties of building constructions. Ideas for such constructions can be found in nature following the biomimicry
methodology that solves human problems inspired by processes in nature.

In this paper a feasibility is studied of one proposed CABS (Climate Adaptive Building Shell) using a numerical analysis.
The proposed CABS is a system where geothermal energy is used for façade heating thus minimizing heat losses through
building envelope and utilizing renewable energy. A geothermal heat from shallow depth of 3.2 m is utilized. The CABS
consists of a piping system built in the façade of a building ensuring a circulation of a heat-transfer medium which is transporting
the heat from the ground where the temperature is constant all year to the façade. Circulation of a fluid is ensured by
buoyancy forces alone. The resulting rise of façade temperature reduces peak primary energy demand thus improving building
performance. The mechanism of this CABS is inspired by the blood vessel system in animals. For the numerical analysis
ANSYS Fluent 16.2 is used.
THE MAGELLAN PFS PLANET SEARCH PROGRAM: RADIAL VELOCITY AND STELLAR ABUNDANCE ANALYSES OF THE 360 au, METAL-POOR BINARY “TWINS” HD 133131A & B*
Authors: Teske Johanna K. , Shectman Stephen A. , Vogt Steve S. , Díaz Matías , Butler R. Paul , Crane Jeffrey D. , Thompson Ian B. , Arriagada Pamela
Published: November 2016

We present a new precision radial velocity (RV) data set that reveals multiple planets orbiting the stars in the ∼360 au, G2+G2 “twin” binary HD 133131AB. Our six years of high-resolution echelle observations from MIKE and five years from the Planet Finder Spectrograph (PFS) on the Magellan telescopes indicate the presence of two eccentric planets around HD 133131A with minimum masses of 1.43 ± 0.03 and 0.63 ± 0.15at 1.44 ± 0.005 and 4.79 ± 0.92 au, respectively. Additional PFS observations of HD 133131B spanning five years indicate the presence of one eccentric planet of minimum mass 2.50 ± 0.05at 6.40 ± 0.59 au, making it one of the longest-period planets detected with RV to date. These planets are the first to be reported primarily based on data taken with the PFS onMagellan, demonstrating the instrument’s precision and the advantage of long-baseline RV observations. We perform a differential analysis between the Sun and each star, and between the stars themselves, to derive stellar parameters and measure a suite of 21 abundances across a wide range of condensation temperatures. The host stars are old (likely ∼9.5 Gyr) and metal-poor ([Fe/H] ∼ −0.30), and we detect a ∼0.03 dex depletion in refractory elements in HD 133131A versus B (with standard errors ∼0.017). This detection and analysis adds to a small but growing sample of binary “twin” exoplanet host stars with precise abundances measured, and represents the most metal-poor and likely oldest in that sample. Overall, the planets around HD 133131A and B fall in an unexpected regime in planet mass–host star metallicity space and will serve as an important benchmark for the study of long-period giant planets.
MHD SIMULATIONS OF CORONAL SUPRA-ARCADE DOWNFLOWS INCLUDING ANISOTROPIC THERMAL CONDUCTION
Authors: Zurbriggen E. , Costa A. , Esquivel A. , Schneiter M. , Cécere M.
Published: November 2016

Coronal supra-arcade downflows (SADs) are observed as dark trails descending toward hot turbulent-fan-shaped regions. Due to the large temperature values and gradients in these fan regions, the thermal conduction (TC) should be very efficient. While several models have been proposed to explain the triggering and the evolution of SADs, none of these scenarios address a systematic consideration of TC. Thus, we accomplish this task numerically simulating the evolution of SADs within this framework. That is, SADs are conceived as voided (subdense) cavities formed by nonlinear waves triggered by downflowing bursty localized reconnection events in a perturbed hot fan. We generate a properly turbulent fan, obtained by a stirring force that permits control of the energy and vorticity input in the medium where SADs develop. We include anisotropic TC and consider plasma properties consistent with observations. Our aim is to study whether it is possible to prevent SADs from vanishing by thermal diffusion. We find that this will be the case, depending on the turbulence parameters, in particular if the magnetic field lines are able to envelope the voided cavities, thermally isolating them from the hot environment. Velocity shear perturbations that are able to generate instabilities of the Kelvin–Helmholtz type help to produce magnetic islands, extending the lifetime of SADs.
PROTOPLANETARY AND TRANSITIONAL DISKS IN THE OPEN STELLAR CLUSTER IC 2395
Authors: Balog Zoltan , Siegler Nick , Rieke G. H. , Kiss L. L. , Muzerolle James , Gutermuth R. A. , Bell Cameron P. M. , Vinkó J. , Su K. Y. L. , Young E. T. , Gáspár András
Published: November 2016

We present new deep UBVRI images and high-resolution multi-object optical spectroscopy of the young (∼6–10 Myr old), relatively nearby (800 pc) open cluster IC 2395. We identify nearly 300 cluster members and use the photometry to estimate their spectral types, which extend from early B to middle M. We also present an infrared imaging survey of the central region using the IRAC and MIPS instruments on board the Spitzer Space Telescope, covering the wavelength range from 3.6 to 24 μm. Our infrared observations allow us to detect dust in circumstellar disks originating over a typical range of radii from ∼0.1 to ∼10 au from the central star. We identify 18 Class II, 8 transitional disk, and 23 debris disk candidates, respectively, 6.5%, 2.9%, and 8.3% of the cluster members with appropriate data. We apply the same criteria for transitional disk identification to 19 other stellar clusters and associations spanning ages from ∼1 to ∼18 Myr. We find that the number of disks in the transitional phase as a fraction of the total with strong 24 μm excesses ([8] – [24] ≥ 1.5) increases from (8.4 ± 1.3)% at ∼3 Myr to (46 ± 5)% at ∼10 Myr. Alternative definitions of transitional disks will yield different percentages but should show the same trend.
SHIELD: NEUTRAL GAS KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS
Authors: McNichols Andrew T. , Teich Yaron G. , Nims Elise , Cannon John M. , Adams Elizabeth A. K. , Bernstein-Cooper Elijah Z. , Giovanelli Riccardo , Haynes Martha P. , Józsa Gyula I. G. , McQuinn Kristen B. W. , Salzer John J. , Skillman Evan D. , Warren Steven R. , Dolphin Andrew , Elson E. C. , Haurberg Nathalie , Ott Jürgen , Saintonge Amelie , Cave Ian , Hagen Cedric , Huang Shan , Janowiecki Steven , Marshall Melissa V. , Thomann Clara M. , Sistine Angela Van
Published: November 2016

We present kinematic analyses of the 12 galaxies in the “Survey of H i in Extremely Low-mass Dwarfs” (SHIELD). We use multi-configuration interferometric observations of the H i 21 cm emission line from the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA)22
to produce image cubes at a variety of spatial and spectral resolutions. Both two- and three-dimensional fitting techniques are employed in an attempt to derive inclination-corrected rotation curves for each galaxy. In most cases, the comparable magnitudes of velocity dispersion and projected rotation result in degeneracies that prohibit unambiguous circular velocity solutions. We thus make spatially resolved position–velocity cuts, corrected for inclination using the stellar components, to estimate the circular rotation velocities. We find

30 km s−1 for the entire survey population. Baryonic masses are calculated using single-dish H i fluxes from Arecibo and stellar masses derived from HST and Spitzer imaging. Comparison is made with total dynamical masses estimated from the position–velocity analysis. The SHIELD galaxies are then placed on the baryonic Tully–Fisher relation. There exists an empirical threshold rotational velocity, V

< 15 km s−1, below which current observations cannot differentiate coherent rotation from pressure support. The SHIELD galaxies are representative of an important population of galaxies whose properties cannot be described by current models of rotationally dominated galaxy dynamics.
FORMING CHONDRULES IN IMPACT SPLASHES. II. VOLATILE RETENTION
Authors: Dullemond Cornelis Petrus , Harsono Daniel , Stammler Sebastian Markus , Johansen Anders
Published: November 2016

Solving the mystery of the origin of chondrules is one of the most elusive goals in the field of meteoritics. Recently, the idea of planet(esimal) collisions releasing splashes of lava droplets, long considered out of favor, has been reconsidered as a possible origin of chondrules by several papers. One of the main problems with this idea is the lack of quantitative and simple models that can be used to test this scenario by directly comparing to the many known observables of chondrules. In Paper I of this series, we presented a simple thermal evolution model of a spherically symmetric expanding cloud of molten lava droplets that is assumed to emerge from a collision between two planetesimals. The production of lava could be either because the two planetesimals were already in a largely molten (or almost molten) state due to heating by 26Al, or due to impact jetting at higher impact velocities. In the present paper, number II of this series, we use this model to calculate whether or not volatile elements such as Na and K will remain abundant in these droplets or whether they will get depleted due to evaporation. The high density of the droplet cloud (e.g., small distance between adjacent droplets) causes the vapor to quickly reach saturation pressure and thus shuts down further evaporation. We show to what extent, and under which conditions, this keeps the abundances of these elements high, as is seen in chondrules. We find that for most parameters of our model (cloud mass, expansion velocity, initial temperature) the volatile elements Mg, Si, and Fe remain entirely in the chondrules. The Na and K abundances inside the droplets will initially stay mostly at their initial values due to the saturation of the vapor pressure, but at some point start to drop due to the cloud expansion. However, as soon as the temperature starts to decrease, most or all of the vapor recondenses again. At the end, the Na and K elements retain most of their initial abundances, albeit occasionally somewhat reduced, depending on the parameters of the expanding cloud model. These findings appear to be qualitatively consistent with the analysis of Semarkona Type II chondrules by Hewins et al. who found evidence for sodium evaporation followed by recondensation.
COSMOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS FROM THE REDSHIFT DEPENDENCE OF THE ALCOCK–PACZYNSKI EFFECT: APPLICATION TO THE SDSS-III BOSS DR12 GALAXIES
Authors: Li Xiao-Dong , Park Changbom , Sabiu Cristiano G. , Park Hyunbae , Weinberg David H. , Schneider Donald P. , Kim Juhan , Hong Sungwook E.
Published: November 2016

We apply the methodology developed in Li et al. to BOSS DR12 galaxies and derive cosmological constraints from the redshift dependence of the Alcock–Paczynski (AP) effect. The apparent anisotropy in the distribution of observed galaxies arise from two main sources, the redshift-space distortion (RSD) effect due to the galaxy peculiar velocities, and the geometric distortion when incorrect cosmological models are assumed for transforming redshift to comoving distance, known as the AP effect. Anisotropies produced by the RSD effect are, although large, maintaining a nearly uniform magnitude over a large range of redshift, while the degree of anisotropies from the AP effect varies with redshift by a much larger magnitude. We split the DR12 galaxies into six redshift bins, measure the two-point correlation function in each bin, and assess the redshift evolution of anisotropies. We obtain constraints of

, which are comparable with the current constraints from other cosmological probes such as SNe Ia, cosmic microwave background, and baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO). Combining these cosmological probes with our method yield tight constraints of

. Our method is complementary to the other large-scale structure (LSS) probes like BAO and topology. We expect this technique will play an important role in deriving cosmological constraints from LSS surveys.
CROSS-CORRELATION BETWEEN X-RAY AND OPTICAL/NEAR-INFRARED BACKGROUND INTENSITY FLUCTUATIONS
Authors: Mitchell-Wynne Ketron , Cooray Asantha , Xue Yongquan , Luo Bin , Brandt William , Koekemoer Anton
Published: November 2016

Angular power spectra of optical and infrared background anisotropies at wavelengths between 0.5 and 5 μm are a useful probe of faint sources present during reionization, in addition to faint galaxies and diffuse signals at low redshift. The cross-correlation of these fluctuations with backgrounds at other wavelengths can be used to separate some of these signals. A previous study on the cross-correlation between X-ray and Spitzer fluctuations at 3.6 μm and 4.5 μm has been interpreted as evidence for direct collapse black holes present at z > 12. Here we return to this cross-correlation and study its wavelength dependence from 0.5 to 4.5 μm using Hubble and Spitzer data in combination with a subset of the 4 Ms Chandra observations in GOODS-S/ECDFS. Our study involves five Hubble bands at 0.6, 0.7, 0.85, 1.25, and 1.6 μm, and two Spitzer-IRAC bands at 3.6 μm and 4.5 μm. We confirm the previously seen cross-correlation between 3.6 μm (4.5 μm) and X-rays with 3.7σ (4.2σ) and 2.7σ (3.7σ) detections in the soft [0.5–2] keV and hard [2–8] keV X-ray bands, respectively, at angular scales above 20 arcsec. The cross-correlation of X-rays with Hubble is largely anticorrelated, ranging between the levels of 1.4σ–3.5σ for all the Hubble and X-ray bands. This lack of correlation in the shorter optical/NIR bands implies the sources responsible for the cosmic infrared background at 3.6 and 4.5 μm are at least partly dissimilar to those at 1.6 μm and shorter.
HELICAL KINK INSTABILITY IN A CONFINED SOLAR ERUPTION
Authors: Hassanin Alshaimaa , Kliem Bernhard
Published: November 2016

A model for strongly writhing confined solar eruptions suggests an origin in the helical kink instability of a coronal flux rope that remains stable against the torus instability. This model is tested against the well observed filament eruption on 2002 May 27 in a parametric MHD simulation study that comprises all phases of the event. Good agreement with the essential observed properties is obtained. These include the confinement, terminal height, writhing, distortion, and dissolution of the filament, and the flare loops. The agreement is robust against variations in a representative range of parameter space. Careful comparisons with the observation data constrain the ratio of the external toroidal and poloidal field components to

and the initial flux rope twist to

. Different from ejective eruptions, two distinct phases of strong magnetic reconnection can occur. First, the erupting flux is cut by reconnection with overlying flux in the helical current sheet formed by the instability. If the resulting flux bundles are linked as a consequence of the erupting rope’s strong writhing, they subsequently reconnect in the vertical current sheet between them. This reforms the overlying flux and a far less twisted flux rope, offering a pathway to homologous eruptions.
THE EFFECT OF AN OFFSET POLAR CAP DIPOLAR MAGNETIC FIELD ON THE MODELING OF THE VELA PULSAR’S γ-RAY LIGHT CURVES
Authors: Barnard M. , Venter C. , Harding A. K.
Published: November 2016

We performed geometric pulsar light curve modeling using static, retarded vacuum, and offset polar cap (PC) dipole B-fields (the latter is characterized by a parameter ϵ), in conjunction with standard two-pole caustic (TPC) and outer gap (OG) emission geometries. The offset-PC dipole B-field mimics deviations from the static dipole (which corresponds to

). In addition to constant-emissivity geometric models, we also considered a slot gap (SG) E-field associated with the offset-PC dipole B-field and found that its inclusion leads to qualitatively different light curves. Solving the particle transport equation shows that the particle energy only becomes large enough to yield significant curvature radiation at large altitudes above the stellar surface, given this relatively low E-field. Therefore, particles do not always attain the radiation-reaction limit. Our overall optimal light curve fit is for the retarded vacuum dipole field and OG model, at an inclination angle

and observer angle

. For this B-field, the TPC model is statistically disfavored compared to the OG model. For the static dipole field, neither model is significantly preferred. We found that smaller values of ϵ are favored for the offset-PC dipole field when assuming constant emissivity, and larger ϵ values favored for variable emissivity, but not significantly so. When multiplying the SG E-field by a factor of 100, we found improved light curve fits, with α and ζ being closer to best fits from independent studies, as well as curvature radiation reaction at lower altitudes.
DYNAMICAL MODEL FOR SPINDOWN OF SOLAR-TYPE STARS
Authors: Sood Aditi , Kim Eun-jin , Hollerbach Rainer
Published: November 2016

After their formation, stars slow down their rotation rates by the removal of angular momentum from their surfaces, e.g., via stellar winds. Explaining how this rotation of solar-type stars evolves in time is currently an interesting but difficult problem in astrophysics. Despite the complexity of the processes involved, a traditional model, where the removal of angular momentum by magnetic fields is prescribed, has provided a useful framework to understand observational relations between stellar rotation, age, and magnetic field strength. Here, for the first time, a spindown model is proposed where loss of angular momentum by magnetic fields evolves dynamically, instead of being prescibed kinematically. To this end, we evolve the stellar rotation and magnetic field simultaneously over stellar evolution time by extending our previous work on a dynamo model which incorporates nonlinear feedback mechanisms on rotation and magnetic fields. We show that our extended model reproduces key observations and is capable of explaining the presence of the two branches of (fast and slow rotating) stars which have different relations between rotation rate Ω versus time (age), magnetic field strength

versus rotation rate, and frequency of magnetic field

versus rotation rate. For fast rotating stars we find that: (i) there is an exponential spindown

, with t measured in Gyr; (ii) magnetic activity saturates for higher rotation rate; (iii)

. For slow rotating stars we find: (i) a power-law spindown

; (ii) that magnetic activity scales roughly linearly with rotation rate; (iii)

. The results obtained from our investigations are in good agreement with observations. The Vaughan–Preston gap is consistently explained in our model by the shortest spindown timescale in this transition from fast to slow rotators. Our results highlight the importance of self-regulation of magnetic fields and rotation by direct and indirect interactions involving nonlinear feedback in stellar evolution.
ON THE NATURE OF THE SMALL-SCALE STRUCTURE IN THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND OBSERVED BY PLANCK AND WMAP
Authors: Verschuur G. L. , Schmelz J. T.
Published: November 2016

Small-scale features observed by Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) and PLANCK in the frequency range of 22–90 GHz show a nearly flat spectrum, which meets with expectations that they originate in the early universe. However, free–free emission from electrons in small angular scale galactic sources that suffer beam dilution very closely mimic the observed spectrum in this frequency range. Fitting such a model to the PLANCK and WMAP data shows that the angular size required to fit the data is comparable to the angular width of associated H i filaments found in the Galactic Arecibo L-Band Feed Array-H isurvey data. Also, the temperature of the electrons is found to be in the range of 100–300 K. The phenomenon revealed by these data may contribute to a more precise characterization of the foreground masks required to interpret the cosmological aspect of PLANCK and WMAP data.
MHD–KINETIC TRANSITION IN IMBALANCED ALFVÉNIC TURBULENCE
Authors: Voitenko Yuriy , De Keyser Johan
Published: November 2016

Alfvénic turbulence in space is usually imbalanced: amplitudes of waves propagating parallel and anti-parallel to the mean magnetic field

are unequal. It is commonly accepted that the turbulence is driven by (counter-)collisions between these counter-propagating wave fractions. Contrary to this, we found a new ion-scale dynamical range of the turbulence established by (co-)collisions among waves co-propagating in the same direction along

. Co-collisions become stronger than counter-collisions and produce steep non-universal spectra above certain wavenumbers dependent on the imbalance. Spectral indexes of the strong turbulence vary around

, such that steeper spectra follow larger imbalances. Intermittency steepens the −3 spectra further, up to −3.7. Our theoretical predictions are compatible with steep variable spectra observed in the solar wind at ion kinetic scales, but further verifications are needed by correlating observed spectra with measured imbalances.
Corps et psychothérapie relationnelle
Authors: Cady Sylvie
Published: November 2016

À partir d’une observation clinique, qui pose le problème d’un fonctionnement dépourvu de potentialité imaginaire, quelle place donner au corps, dans une psychothérapie en psychosomatique relationnelle ? La psychothérapie verbale, avec sa compréhension du corps et de la relation, permet l’existence personnelle du sujet. Puis la relaxation psychosomatique relationnelle, en proposant des situations corporelles personnalisées, qui suit ce qui a été verbalisé dans la relation, donne sa place au sujet ce qui supporte la représentation. La représentation enrichie par le rêve, par la suite, permet de récupérer la coupure du sujet avec ses difficultés personnelles auxquelles il n’avait pas accès, ce qui enrichit sa réflexion sur sa problématique et lui facilite l’abord de l’impasse et sa compréhension.
Analyse microéconométrique des accidents routiers en Tunisie
Authors: Aloulou Foued , Naouar Sana
Published: November 2016

Cet article propose une étude microéconométrique des accidents de la route. Nous essayons d’estimer un modèle Logit multinomial pour analyser les niveaux de gravité des accidents routiers en Tunisie. En se référant à la littérature de l’accidentologie, cette gravité peut dépendre de trois composantes : le conducteur, le véhicule et sa condition d’usage, et l’infrastructure. Ces diverses composantes constituent le système de circulation routière et déterminent la sécurité routière. Elles interagissent à un moment et un endroit donnés pour expliquer l’occurrence et la gravité d’un accident. Plusieurs variables quantitatives et qualitatives peuvent être identifiées et mesurées pour décrire ces composantes. L’objectif de ce travail est de montrer comment et avec quelle ampleur ces variables explicatives affectent la gravité d’un accident de circulation. Nous cherchons ainsi à estimer la probabilité pour qu’un conducteur ayant des caractéristiques données et conduisant dans un environnement de circulation donné, soit victime d’un accident d’un niveau de gravité donné. La structure de l’estimation repose sur des données désagrégées collectées à la suite de l’étude des fiches d’enquête proposées par l’Observatoire national de circulation (Tunisie). Les résultats dégagés montrent que toutes les variables retenues sont statistiquement et théoriquement significatives et expliquent, à des degrés différents, la gravité d’un accident.
Meta-Cognition for Inferring Car Driver Cognitive Behavior from Driving Recorder Data
Authors: Mizoguchi Fumio , Iwasaki Hirotoshi
Published: November 2016

This study focused on driver behavior by inferring it from driving recorder data. The authors refer to this inference function as meta-cognition. Using this meta-cognition, they attempt to determine the characteristics of driver behavior on the highway. By comparing ACTR simulation results and recorder data, the authors investigated the driver cognitive process in highway driving in response to lane keeping, curve negotiation, and lane changing subtasks. In order for the driving experiment to be realistic, they use a simple driving recorder (type DVRGPS-04, made by Geanee Corporation in Japan) which is available on the public market. Using the driving recorder, they recorded the data on the highway. For the most part, the authors drove on the Shuto, Kanetsu, Jouban, and Joushinetsu highways from Meguro in Tokyo to Nagano or Kashiwa in Chiba. The recording time was about two hours, and the data was recorded as video images stored in a microSD memory card in the driving recorder.
A Comparative Study of Range-Free and Range-Based Localization Protocols for Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Shahra Essa Qasem , Sheltami Tarek Rahil , Shakshuki Elhadi M.
Published: November 2016

Wireless Sensor Network is deployed in many fields including military operations, mechanical applications, human services, smart homes, etc. However, deploying WSN encounters many challenges. One of the challenges is localizing the node position, especially mobile targets in critical situations. In this paper, the authors compare two types from range-free localization algorithms and one type from range-based algorithms, namely: Received Signal Strength (RSS), Centroid, and Distance Vector Hop (DV-Hops) protocols, using Cooja simulator. RSS localization algorithms require determining values of the RSS from the anchor nodes around the mobile node, to calculate the distance between the unknown mobile and the first three anchor nodes in the mobile range. The centroid localization requires only three anchors to compute the location of the mobile sensor without the need for distance measuring. Lastly, the DV-Hop algorithm uses routing tables of each anchor in the network topology to compute the Average Distance of Hops. The results show that rang-based algorithms are more accurate than range-free.
Towards a Mobile Augmented Reality System for Emergency Management
Authors: Croatti Angelo , Ricci Alessandro , Viroli Mirko
Published: November 2016

The impressive development of wearable computing and augmented/mixed reality technologies that has been occurring in recent years allows for devising ICT systems that can bring a disruptive innovation in how emergency medical operations take place. In this paper the authors describe first explorations in that direction, represented by a distributed collaborative system called SAFE (Smart Augmented Field for Emergency) for teams of rescuers and operators involved in a rescue mission. SAFE is based on the integration of wearable computing and augmented reality technologies with intelligent agents and multi-agent systems.
VARIAÇÃO ESPACIAL DE ROTÍFEROS PLANCTÔNICOS: DIVERSIDADE E RIQUEZA DE ESPÉCIES
Authors: Bomfim Francieli de Fátima , Fatoreto Schwind Leilane Talita , Bonecker Claudia Costa , Lansac-Tôha Fábio Amodêo
Published: November 2016

A riqueza de espécies da comunidade zooplânctonica é bem conhecida no rio Paraná e ambientes próximos, no entanto, as intervenções antrópicas que este ecossistema vem sofrendo, ao longo dos anos, têm comprometido o intercambio de fauna entre os ambientes, e, por conseguinte alterando a ocorrência de espécies no sistema. O objetivo desse estudo foi fornecer informações sobre a estrutura da comunidade de rotíferos das lagoas estudadas e analisar os possíveis fatores ambientais que estão regulando a comunidade. As coletas ocorreram em cinco lagoas em agosto de 2014. Uma Análise de Componentes Principais mostrou que a concentração de clorofila- a foi maior na lagoa Xirica e Ivaí, e menor na lagoa São João e Saraiva, e a condutividade elétrica foi maior na lagoa Garças. Não foi observada correlação significativa entre a riqueza e diversidade de espécies, e essas variáveis ambientais em nenhuma das lagoas. Assim, sugere-se que esses atributos da comunidade nas lagoas podem estar relacionados à disponibilidade de alimentos e a concentração de matéria orgânica em suspensão, que por sua vez, também podem apresentar algum tipo de alimento agregado, como bactérias. Assim, ressalta-se a importância de estudos que visem ampliar o conhecimento sobre a riqueza e diversidade de espécies de rotíferos no rio Paraná, em seus tributários e ambientes próximos, como forma de tentar detectar padrões da distribuição dessas espécies e se esses padrões estão relacionados com as características ambientais, frente às intervenções antrópicas no sistema.Palavras-chave: Zooplâncton, padrão de distribuição, variação ambiental.
III SIMPÓSIO DE ECOLOGIA E CONSERVAÇÃO DE MAMÍFEROS SILVESTRES
Authors: Suplemento Suplemento
Published: November 2016

III SIMPÓSIO DE ECOLOGIA E CONSERVAÇÃO DE MAMÍFEROS SILVESTRESDATA: 10 a 12 de junho de 2015LOCAL: UEMREALIZAÇÃO: DCI/PGB/GEEMEA/PPG
REABSORÇÃO RADICULAR INTERNA E EXTERNA: DIAGNÓSTICO E CONDUTA CLÍNICA
Authors: Endo Marcos Sergio , Gonçalves Camila Stadiniski , De Morais Carlos Alberto Herrero , Kitayama Vivian Sayuri , Martinho Frederico Canato , Pavan Nair Narumi Orita
Published: November 2016

A reabsorção inflamatória pode estar associada a um processo infeccioso e/ou trauma, e se não for tratada pode causar danos irreversíveis a estrutura dentária tanto interna quanto externamente a superfície radicular. O objetivo deste trabalho foi discutir por meio de uma revisão da literatura, as características clínico-terapêuticas da reabsorção interna e externa, e apresentar dois casos ilustrativos com proservação de 18 meses.  Paciente de 67 anos, gênero masculino compareceu para atendimento com queixa de dor a palpação na região periapical do dente 11. Ao exame radiográfico visualizou a presença de lesão periapical (11) e uma hipótese diagnóstica de reabsorção interna no dente 21. A confirmação das reabsorções externa e interna foram detectadas por meio da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico. O tratamento endodôntico foi executado em ambos os elementos dentários. O controle pós-operatório (3, 6, 12, 18 meses) dos dentes 11 e 21 mostrou-se sem sinal e sintoma. O reparo periapical (11) e da reabsorção interna (21) foi confirmada pelas radiografias periapicais.