bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Function and Serum Biomarkers throughout Staged Fontan Palliation: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: van der Ven J. P. G. , Kamphuis V P. , van den Bosch E , Gnanam D , Terol C , Bogers A J. J. C. , Breur J. M. P. J. , Berger R. M. F. , Blom N. A. , ten Harkel A. D. J. , Koopman L. , Helbing W. A.
Published: July 2023

Fontan patients undergo multiple cardiothoracic surgeries in childhood. Following these procedures, ventricular function is temporarily decreased, and recovers over months. This is presumably related to cardiopulmonary bypass, but this is incompletely understood. Throughout the Fontan palliation, cardiac function is also affected by volume unloading. We aimed to gain insight into the biological processes related to impaired ventricular function and recovery following Fontan palliations using a panel of biomarkers. Furthermore, we described changes in ventricular function across the Fontan palliation due to volume unloading. We performed a prospective multicenter observational study in patients undergoing partial (PCPC) or total cavo-pulmonary connection (TCPC). Patients underwent assessment—including echocardiography and blood sampling—before surgery (T1), at first follow-up (T2), and 1 year after their procedures (T3). Blood samples were analyzed using a biomarker panel (OLINK CVD-III). Ninety-two biomarkers were expressed as principal components (PC) to limit multiple statistical testing. We included 32 PCPC patients aged 7.2 [5.3–10.3] months, and 28 TCPC patients aged 2.7 [2.2–3.8] years. The single ventricular longitudinal strain (SV GLS) temporarily decreased for PCPC patients at T2 (−15.1 ± 5.6 (T1) to −13.5 ± 5.2 (T2) to −17.3 ± 4.5 (T3), p < 0.047 for all differences), but not following TCPC. The serum biomarkers were expressed as 4 PCs. PC1, including biomarkers of cell–cell adhesion, was not related to any patient characteristic. PC2, including biomarkers of superoxide anion regulation, increased at T2. PC3, including biomarkers of cardiovascular development, related to the stage of Fontan palliation. PC4 was of uncertain biological or clinical significance. No PC was found that related to ventricular performance. The SV GLS was temporarily diminished following PCPC, but not following TCPC. Several biomarkers were related to post-operative stress and adaptation to the PCPC or TCPC circulation, but none were related to the outcome.
Which Factors Were Related to the Number of COVID-19 Cases in the 2022/2023 Season Compared to the 2021/2022 Season in Europe?
Authors: Sobczak Marharyta , Pawliczak Rafał
Published: July 2023

The number of COVID-19 cases was greater in early autumn 2022 in contrast to in autumn 2021. Therefore, we decided to examine the factors that may have affected differences in the number of COVID-19 cases between the time periods 2021/2022 and 2022/2023 with consideration of the occurrence of influenza. In this cross-sectional study, we conducted a multiple factor analysis using data from publicly available databases for weeks 35–14 in 2022/2023 and 2021/2022 for Austria, Germany, Greece, Italy, and Slovenia. In the 2021/2022 season, the analyzed countries had similar profiles and were characterized by restrictions, health system policies, and SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as Alpha, Beta, Delta, Kappa, Eta, as well as Omicron sublineages (BA.1, BA.2), which were positively correlated with the number of new cases of COVID-19 per million people. However, in the 2022/2023 season, the analyzed countries were described by groups of variables corresponding to vaccination, influenza, the number of flights, and the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 subvariant. In summary, crucial factors correlated with the increasing of number of COVID-19 cases in the 2021/2022 season were the presence of dominant SARS-CoV-2 variants as well as the lifting of restrictions and strict health system policies.
A JAK Inhibitor for Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Baricitinib Experience
Authors: Taylor Peter C. , Laedermann Cedric , Alten Rieke , Feist Eugen , Choy Ernest , Haladyj Ewa , De La Torre Inmaculada , Richette Pascal , Finckh Axel , Tanaka Yoshiya
Published: July 2023

Baricitinib, an oral selective Janus kinase (JAK)1/JAK2 inhibitor, is approved as monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate for treating adults with moderate-to-severe active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and provides improvements in clinical signs, symptoms and patient-reported outcomes. Currently, baricitinib is approved for treating RA in more than 75 countries. In several pivotal Phase II and III RA trials (RA-BALANCE, RA-BEGIN, RA-BEAM, RA-BUILD, RA-BEACON, RA-BEYOND), up to seven years of baricitinib treatment was well tolerated and provided rapid and sustained efficacy, which was confirmed in real-world settings. Safety signals for another JAK inhibitor, tofacitinib, have emerged, as observed in the post-marketing Phase IIIb/IV trial Oral Rheumatoid Arthritis Trial (ORAL) Surveillance; safety signals were subsequently highlighted in a retrospective study of baricitinib and consequently new recommendations and warnings and precautions for all JAK inhibitors have been issued. Ongoing studies to further characterise and clarify the benefit:risk of JAK inhibitors include registries and controlled trials. This capstone review summarises clinical and real-world data outlining the benefit:risk profile of baricitinib, confirming that the improved disease activity and physical function of patients with RA treated with this JAK inhibitor observed in clinical trials is translated into effectiveness in clinical practice, with a low rate of discontinuations.
Alveolar Bone Microstructure Surrounding Orthodontic Anchor Screws with Plasma Surface Treatment in Rats
Authors: Okawa Keisuke , Matsunaga Satoru , Kasahara Norio , Kasahara Masaaki , Tachiki Chie , Nakano Takayoshi , Abe Shinichi , Nishii Yasushi
Published: July 2023

A lateral load was applied to anchor screws that had undergone surface treatment, and the structure, cellular dynamics, and quality of the bone surrounding anchor screws were analyzed to investigate the effect of this surface treatment on the peri-implant jawbone. In addition, bone microstructural characteristics were quantitatively evaluated for each site of loading on the bone around the anchor screw. Rats were euthanized after observation on days 3, 5, or 7, and bone quality analyses were performed. Bone–implant contact rate increased more rapidly at an early stage in the treated surface group than in the untreated surface group. Bone lacuna morphometry showed that the measured values adjacent to the screw at the screw neck on the compressed side (A) and at the screw tip on the uncompressed side (D) were significantly lower than those at the screw tip on the compressed side (B) and at the screw neck on the uncompressed side (C). Collagen fiber bundle diameter showed that the measured values adjacent to regions A and D were significantly higher than those at regions B and C. Anchor screw surface activation facilitates initial bone contact of the screw, suggesting that early loading may be possible in clinical practice.
Analysis of the Reliability of Subsea Clamp Connector Based on Multiple Response Surface Methodology
Authors: An Weizheng , Wang Yi , Chen Baijiang , Duan Menglan , Zhang Xiyang
Published: July 2023

The subsea clamp connector is susceptible to sealing and locking failures over its lifetime in harsh marine environments and complex loading conditions, posing a serious challenge to the safe development of subsea oil and gas fields. Accurately predicting the reliability of the subsea clamp connector under realistic and complex operating conditions is therefore an important guarantee of its safe operation. Considering the main structural characteristic parameters of the subsea clamp connector, this paper conducts a reliability analysis using finite element numerical simulation combined with multiple response surface methodology (MRSM), based on the seal failure and yield failure criteria. The applicability has been verified through the application of subsea clamp connector in the Bohai Sea. The results show that the failure probability of the system is mainly affected by the radius of the seal, the contact angle of the upper and lower flanges and internal pressure. Considering the influence of various factors, the reliability of the connector was calculated to be 98.73%, and the reliability was verified by the sealing performance test. This paper provides a practical method for the reliability analysis of the subsea clamp connector structure under the comprehensive consideration of multiple factors, and provides a new technology to ensure the safe operation of subsea oil and gas fields.
Laboratory Study on the Entrainment Process in Overflow
Authors: Hu Qiyue , Yu Jiahui , Cao Yong , Chen Xu , Meng Jing , Lv Xianqing
Published: July 2023

During the sinking process, overflow generates an entrainment phenomenon, accompanied by the occurrence, development, and dissipation of vortices. In this paper, particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology is used to measure the flow fields of overflow sinking, invasion, and mixing. In order to quantitatively analyze the mixing and flow processes during the sinking of the overflow, vorticity, turbulence dissipation, Froude number, local Richardson number, and entrainment coefficient are calculated. In a stratified environment, the overflow entrains the environment fluid of lower density to reach a terminal height where their density equals that of their surroundings and then spread out horizontally. The experimental results show the terminal depth is related to the density of the overflow. The lower the density, the smaller the terminal depth. The turbulent dissipation mainly occurs in the area along the slope and during the process of invading flow to the surrounding. The extreme of the turbulent dissipation is corresponding to the maximum velocity shear and vorticity. At the point where the overflow crosses the sill and at the front end of the overflow, there will be a more obvious phenomenon of entrainment. The entrainment parameter is positively correlated with the density of overflow. These preliminary results would require additional experimental validation and data observation in order to assess their relevance for realistic flow regimes.
The First Case of Fusarium falciforme Eumycetoma in Sudan and an Extensive Literature Review about Treatment Worldwide
Authors: Siddig Emmanuel Edwar , Ahmed Ayman , Eltigani Hala Fathi , Bakhiet Sahar Mubarak , van de Sande Wendy W. J. , Fahal Ahmed Hassan
Published: July 2023

Eumycetoma is an infectious disease caused by various fungal pathogens. The disease is characterised by black and pale-yellowish grain discharge. In this communication, we report a case of eumycetoma with a pale grain foot-eumycetoma caused by Fusarium falciforme. The patient presented at the outpatient clinic of the Mycetoma Research Centre in Sudan. The causative agent was initially misidentified as Aspergillus nidulans based on its seemingly similar histopathological appearance. However, sequencing the internally transcribed spacer region of the extracted grain confirmed infection with Fusarium falciforme. Although the patient received Itraconazole and underwent surgical excision, the disease was recurrent. To our knowledge, this is the first report on Fusarium falciforme causing eumycetoma in Sudan, indicating the expansion of the geographical distribution of this pathogen. This calls for raising the awareness of healthcare providers and improving the diagnostic and surveillance systems in at-risk areas to improve the case management and reduce the threat of further spread. Considering the potential impacts of F. falciforme infection including threatening the global health, food security, and ecosystem balance, as well as loss of biodiversity and negative socioeconomic changes in endemic countries, we recommend the implementation of an integrated transdisciplinary One Health strategy for the prevention and control of emerging infectious diseases including F. falciforme.
The Influence of ESG, SRI, Ethical, and Impact Investing Activities on Portfolio and Financial Performance—Bibliometric Analysis/Mapping and Clustering Analysis
Authors: Marzuki Ainulashikin , Nor Fauzias Mat , Ramli Nur Ainna , Basah Mohamad Yazis Ali , Aziz Muhammad Ridhwan Ab
Published: July 2023

This paper aims to examine the publication metrics of literature related to the influential aspects of ESG (environmental, social, and governance), SRI (socially responsible investing), ethical, and impact investing on the portfolio and financial performance literature. It also seeks to identify major patterns and core themes in this topic and draw lessons from the past literature for future directions. Data from the SCOPUS database were used in this study. The ‘biblioshiny’ R package, also known as ‘bibliometrix 3.0’, was employed to conduct bibliometric analysis, utilising mapping and clustering techniques on 260 articles, in order to distil the comprehensive knowledge and identify emerging trends in ESG, SRI, ethical, and impact investing. The thematic map classified the ESG, SRI, ethical, impact investing and performance relationship themes into four categories of themes: niche themes (SRI, engagement and ESG), motor themes (corporate financial performance, corporate social performance, ESG, ESG factors, sustainability, performance, integrated reporting, gender diversity, and board size), emerging or declining themes (social responsibility, environmental performance, socially responsible investment, ethical investment, and SRI), and basic or transversal themes (financial performance, corporate social performance, ESG performance, environmental, social, and governance). Socially responsible investing, engagement, and ESG imply a position between niche themes and a highly developed topic/emerging or a decreasing theme, while the impact of COVID-19 on sustainability and financial performance implies a position between a highly developed topic/emerging or decreasing theme and a basic theme. The findings contribute to the enhanced understanding of ESG, SRI, ethical, impact investing and performance, which are crucial for an efficient capital market in promoting sustainability and sustainable development. The study offers vital practical implications and future research directions.
Impact of Risk Management on the Performance of Commercial Banks in Ghana: A Panel Regression Approach
Authors: Von Tamakloe Bismark , Boateng Alexander , Mensah Eric Teye , Maposa Daniel
Published: July 2023

The financial sector is an integral part of the economy, playing a vital role in the overall economic development of a nation, but commercial banks in this sector face a myriad of risks. This has made understanding the impact of risk management on bank performance crucial. This study sought to examine the effect of risk management on the performance of commercial banks in Ghana. The study used a quantitative research approach, relying on secondary data from the yearly financial statements of the selected banks. Seven commercial banks were purposively sampled. According to the 2017 Ghana Banking Survey, the seven commercial banks selected represent more than 50 percent of Ghana’s financial market by proportion of industrial deposits, which was a criteria for selecting the seven banks. The results of the study showed that of the four types of risks examined vis-à-vis credit risk, operational risk, liquidity risk, and market risk, only operational risk was found to exert a significant influence on bank performance. Operational risk accounted for 99.24% of the variability in bank performance. Furthermore, it was observed that total risk management had a significant impact on bank performance, explaining 74.74% of the variance in bank performance. Since operational risk appears to exert far more influence on bank performance in Ghana than any other risk factor, it is recommended that banks, regulators, and policymakers place more emphasis on curbing operational risks when designing their risk management programmes, as this particular risk, among all the other risk types examined, seems to be the one that exerts the greatest influence on banking performance.
Biochar and Manure from Cattle Fed Biochar as Agricultural Amendments Alter CH4 Oxidation in a Gray Luvisol
Authors: Weber Tien L. , Hernandez-Ramirez Guillermo , Quideau Sylvie , MacKenzie M. Derek
Published: July 2023

Greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions from agricultural practices contribute 14% of anthropogenic emissions to the atmosphere, and novel practices to reduce these emissions, including feeding cattle a modified diet, are of interest. This study examines how additions of manure from cattle fed a regular diet or a diet supplemented with 2% biochar, and biochar at 5 or 10 Mg ha−1, impact GHG emissions in a Gray Luvisol agricultural field experiment. Emissions of CH4 and N2O were monitored, and soil samples were collected to analyze exchangeable NPKS, microbial biomass, total C and N, electrical conductivity, and pH. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) was planted, and grain yield measured. We calculated the yield-based emission factor (EFyield) and cumulative area-based GHG emissions emission factor (EFarea). The results showed an up to 98.5% change in the inhibition of CH4 oxidation from biochar-manure + biochar at 5 and 10 Mg ha−1 compared to the CT. The biochar in biochar-manure may have acted as a biocide to methanotrophs, causing a reduction in the release of CH4 over time. Yet, there were no significant differences in N2O emissions amongst treatments. Therefore, biochar-manure + biochar at 5 and 10 Mg ha−1 applications may impact total GHG emissions and improve grain productivity and protein content compared to BM alone.
Local Government’s Land Finance Dependence and Migrants’ Settlement Intentions: Evidence from China
Authors: Zhang Yuzheng , He Shirui
Published: July 2023

In the context of China’s new urbanization construction, it is crucial to deal with the issue of migrants. While land finance, as an essential means of local government financing in China over the past three decades, has made important contributions to China’s economic growth, the impact of land finance on the settlement intentions of migrants still needs to be studied. This study considered cross-sectional data containing 78,642 samples based on the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey 2017 (CMDS) and China Land and Resources Statistical Yearbook. In addition, a binary choice model was constructed, and the impact of the degree of land finance on the settlement intentions of migrants for the prefecture-level cities in China was empirically analyzed. With the help of the mediating- and moderating-effect models, the impact of the degree of land finance on the settlement intentions of migrants was examined from the perspectives of housing pressure, social security, and housing property rights. The results show the following: (1) The higher the degree of land finance, the lower the settlement intentions of migrants. (2) Land finance’s effect on settlement intentions is stronger for urban domiciles, low-skilled laborers, in large cities, and eastern and southern cities in these samples. (3) The higher the degree of land finance, the greater the housing pressure on the migrants, further reducing the settlement intentions of these individuals. However, social security and homeownership can reduce the negative effect of land finance on the settlement intentions of migrants. This paper provides policy implications for the construction of new urbanization and the realization of modernization.
Effect of Wiper Edge Geometry on Machining Performance While Turning AISI 1045 Steel in Dry Conditions Using the VIKOR-ML Approach
Authors: Abbas Adel T. , Sharma Neeraj , Soliman Mahmoud S. , El Rayes Magdy M. , Sharma Rakesh Chandmal , Elkaseer Ahmed
Published: July 2023

AISI 1045 can be machined well in all machining operations, namely drilling, milling, turning, broaching and grinding. It has many applications, such as crankshafts, rollers, spindles, shafts, and gears. Wiper geometry has a great influence on cutting forces (Fr, Ff, Fc and R), temperature, material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra). Wiper inserts are used to achieve good surface quality and avoid the need to buy a grinding machine. In this paper, an optimization-based investigation into previously reported results for Taguchi’s based L27 orthogonal array experimentations was conducted to further examine effect of the edge geometry on the turning performance of AISI 1045 steel in dry conditions. Three input parameters used in current research include the cutting speed (Vc), feed (f) and depth of cut (ap), while performance measures in this research were Ra, Fr, Ff, Fc, R, temperature (temp) and MRR. The Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method was used to normalize and convert all the performance measures to a single response known as the VIKOR-based performance index (Vi). The machine learning (ML) approach was used for the prediction and optimization of the input variables. A correlation plot is developed between the input variable and Vi using the ML approach. The optimized setting suggested by Vi-ML is Vc: 160 m/min; ap: 1 mm and f: 0.135 mm/rev, and the corresponding value of Vi was 0.2883, while the predicted values of Ra, Fr, Ff, Fc, R, temp and MRR were 2.111 µm, 43.85 N, 159.33 N, 288.13 N, 332,16 N, 554.4 °C and 21,600 mm3/min, respectively.
Numerical Solution of Thermal Phenomena in Welding Problems
Authors: Freire-Torres Mario , Colera Manuel , Carpio Jaime
Published: July 2023

We present a novel finite element method to solve the thermal variables in welding problems. The mathematical model is based on the enthalpy formulation of the energy conservation law, which is simultaneously valid for the solid, liquid, and mushy regions. Both isothermal and non-isothermal melting models are considered to relate the enthalpy with the temperature. Quadratic triangular elements with local anisotropic mesh adaptation are employed for the space discretization of the governing equation, and a second-order backward differentiation formula is employed for the time discretization. The resulting non-linear discretized system is solved with a simple Newton algorithm with two versions: the θ-Newton algorithm, which considers the temperature as the main unknown variable, as in most works in the literature, and the h-Newton algorithm, which considers the enthalpy, which is the main novelty of the present work. Then, we show via numerical experiments that the h-Newton method is robust and converges well to the solution, both for isothermal and non-isothermal melting. However, the θ-method can only be applied to the case of non-isothermal melting and converges only for a sufficiently large melting temperature range or sufficiently small time step. Numerical experiments also confirm that the method is able to adequately capture the discontinuities or sharp variations in the solution without the need for any kind of numerical dissipation.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Colorectal Cancer: Translational and Transformational Risks Posed by Exogenous Free Hemoglobin Alpha Chain, a By-Product of Extravasated Erythrocyte Macrophage Erythrophagocytosis
Authors: Bragg Maya A. , Breaux Williams A. , M’Koma Amosy E.
Published: July 2023

Colonic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s colitis (CC). Patients with IBD are at increased risk for colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CACRC) compared to the general population. CACRC is preceded by IBD, characterized by highly heterogenous, pharmacologically incurable, pertinacious, worsening, and immune-mediated inflammatory pathologies of the colon and rectum. The molecular and immunological basis of CACRC is highly correlated with the duration and severity of inflammation, which is influenced by the exogenous free hemoglobin alpha chain (HbαC), a byproduct of infiltrating immune cells; extravasated erythrocytes; and macrophage erythrophagocytosis. The exogenous free HbαC prompts oxygen free radical-arbitrated DNA damage (DNAD) through increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is exacerbated by decreased tissue antioxidant defenses. Mitigation of the Fenton Reaction via pharmaceutical therapy would attenuate ROS, promote apoptosis and DNAD repair, and subsequently prevent the incidence of CACRC. Three pharmaceutical options that attenuate hemoglobin toxicity include haptoglobin, deferoxamine, and flavonoids (vitamins C/E). Haptoglobin’s clearance rate from plasma is inversely correlated with its size; the smaller the size, the faster the clearance. Thus, the administration of Hp1-1 may prove to be beneficial. Further, deferoxamine’s hydrophilic structure limits its ability to cross cell membranes. Finally, the effectiveness of flavonoids, natural herb antioxidants, is associated with the high reactivity of hydroxyl substituents. Multiple analyses are currently underway to assess the clinical context of CACRC and outline the molecular basis of HbαC-induced ROS pathogenesis by exposing colonocytes and/or colonoids to HbαC. The molecular immunopathogenesis pathways of CACRC herein reviewed are broadly still not well understood. Therefore, this timely review outlines the molecular and immunological basis of disease pathogenesis and pharmaceutical intervention as a protective measure for CACRC.
Antimicrobial and Defense Proteins in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps
Authors: Viksne Rudolfs Janis , Sumeraga Gunta , Pilmane Mara
Published: July 2023

Background and Objectives: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) presently remains a difficult disease to manage. Antimicrobial and defense proteins are important factors that could help characterize the role of microorganisms in CRSwNP pathogenesis, as the concept of microbial dysbiosis in CRS is still being considered. Our aim is to investigate the complex appearance, relative distribution and interlinks of human β defensin 2 (HBD-2), human β defensin 3 (HBD-3), human β defensin 4 (HBD-4), and cathelicidin LL 37 (LL 37) in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP)-affected human nasal mucosa. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 48 samples from patients with CRSwNP. Samples were collected during functional endoscopic sinus surgery. The control group consisted of 17 normal healthy nasal mucosa samples gathered during routine septoplasty. β-defensin-2, β-defensin-3, β-defensin-4 and cathelicidin LL 37 in tissue were detected via immunohistochemical analysis. Results: HBD-2, HBD-3 and LL 37 were significantly decreased in epithelial cells in both primary and recurrent nasal polyp samples (p < 0.001) in comparison to control samples. HBD-2 was decreased in the subepithelial connective tissue of primary nasal polyp samples when compared to both recurrent polyp (p = 0.050) and control (p = 0.033) samples. In subepithelial connective tissue, significantly more HBD-3-positive structures were observed in primary nasal polyp samples (p = 0.049) than in control samples. In primary polyp samples, moderate correlations between connective tissue HBD-3 and connective (R = 0.584, p = 0.001) and epithelial tissue LL 37 (R = 0.556, p = 0.002) were observed. Conclusions: Decreased HBD-2, HBD-3 and LL 37 concentrations in the epithelium suggest a dysfunction of the epithelial barrier in patients with nasal polyps. Decreased subepithelial connective tissue HBD-2 suggests different responses to nasal microbiota in patients with primary nasal polyps compared to recurrent nasal polyps. Increased HBD-3 in subepithelial connective tissue suggests a possible role of this antimicrobial peptide in the pathogenesis of primary nasal polyps.
Assessment of the Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant Capacity, and Hepatoprotective Effect of Andrographis paniculata against CCl4-Induced Liver Dysfunction in Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Ali Syed Kashif , Makeen Hafiz A. , Khuwaja Gulrana , Alhazmi Hassan A. , Sharma Mukul , Koty Afraim , Mazahirul Islam , Parveen Humaira , Mohammed Asaduddin , Mukhtar Sayeed , Alam Mohammad Firoz
Published: July 2023

Recent studies have highlighted the necessity to thoroughly evaluate medicinal plants due to their therapeutic potential. The current study delves into the phytochemical profile, antioxidant capacity, and hepatoprotective effect of Andrographis paniculata. The investigation specifically targets its effectiveness in mitigating liver dysfunction induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in Wistar albino rats, aiming to uncover its promising role as a natural remedy for liver-related ailments. A. paniculata leaf extract was screened for phytoconstituents and antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects in Wistar albino rats against CCl4-induced liver dysfunction. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds in all extracts. The phenolic concentration ranged from 10.23 to 19.52 mg gallic acid per gram of the sample, while the highest flavonoid concentration was found in the ethanol fraction (8.27 mg rutin equivalents per gram). The antioxidant activity varied from 10.23 to 62.23. GC-MS analysis identified several phytochemicals including octadecanoic acid, stigmasterol, phenanthrenecarboxylic acid, and others. Effects of the ethanol extract of A. paniculata were evaluated in four groups of animals. Biochemical estimations of serum glutamine oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamine pyruvate transaminase, and serum bilirubin were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the CCl4-treated group. Treatment with 300 mg/kg b.w. of the ethanol extract of A. paniculata significantly (p < 0.05) decreased these serum enzymes. Lipid peroxidation levels in carbon tetrachloride-treated animals showed a substantial (p < 0.05) rise when compared to untreated animals, while the lipid peroxidation levels were considerably (p < 0.05) reduced after treatment with ethanol extract at 300 mg/kg b.w. Liver biochemical catalase activities were significantly reduced in the carbon tetrachloride-treated animals. The results of this study conclusively demonstrate that A. paniculata extracts are a rich source of phytochemicals and possess significant antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and hepatoprotective properties.
Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Active and Remission Graves’ Disease
Authors: Rattanamusik Natapon , Uitrakul Suriyon , Charoenpiriya Atchara
Published: July 2023

Background: The association between Graves’ disease (GD) and serum vitamin D levels has been studied for decades although the results were controversial. Moreover, the difference in vitamin D levels between the different stages of GD is not well studied. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the vitamin D levels between active and remission GD and to investigate the factors affecting vitamin D levels in GD patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed between 1 January to 31 December 2021. The eligible patients were in either the active or remission stage of GD. The demographic and clinical data of the patients willing to participate in the study were collected, as well as their vitamin D levels. Comparisons of continuous parameters between the active and remission groups were performed using the Mann–Whitney U test, while categorical parameters were performed using the Chi-square test. Results: 75 patients were diagnosed with GD, with 54.7% in the active stage. The mean vitamin D level was lower in the active GD group than in the remission GD group (28.23 vs. 31.58 ng/mL, respectively, p-value 0.079). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (i.e., serum vitamin D level < 20 ng/mL) in the active GD group was 14.6%, and in the remission GD group was 0% (p-value 0.02). Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation between the serum vitamin D level and serum free T4 level (p-value 0.03). Conclusions: In spite of non-significance, patients with active GD had lower mean vitamin D levels compared to those with remission GD. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher in the active GD patients. Additionally, a negative correlation between serum vitamin D levels and serum free T4 levels was observed in this study.
Hydrogen Permeability of Composite Pd–Au/Pd–Cu Membranes and Methods for Their Preparation
Authors: Pushankina Polina , Andreev Georgy , Petriev Iliya
Published: July 2023

Thin Pd–40%Cu films were obtained via the classical melting and rolling method, magnetron sputtering, and modified with nanostructured functional coatings to intensify the process of hydrogen transportation. The films were modified by electrodeposition, according to the classical method of obtaining palladium black and “Pd–Au nanoflowers” with spherical and pentagonal particles, respectively. The experiment results demonstrated the highest catalytic activity (89.47 mA cm−2), good resistance to CO poisoning and long-term stability of Pd–40%Cu films with a pentagonal structured coating. The investigation of the developed membranes in the hydrogen transport processes in the temperature range of 25–300 °C also demonstrated high and stable fluxes of up to 475.28 mmol s−1 m−2 (deposited membranes) and 59.41 mmol s−1 m−2 (dense metal membranes), which were up to 1.5 higher, compared with membrane materials with classic niello. For all-metal modified membranes, the increase in flux was up to sevenfold, compared with a smooth membrane made of pure palladium, and for deposited films, this difference was manyfold. The membrane materials’ selectivity was also high, up to 4419. The developed strategy for modifying membrane materials with functional coatings of a fundamentally new complex geometry can shed new light on the development and fabrication of durable and highly selective palladium-based membranes for gas steam reformers.
Highly Efficient Cationic/Anionic Cellulose Membranes for Removal of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) Ions
Authors: Liu Lu , Ma Hongyang , Khan Madani , Hsiao Benjamin S.
Published: July 2023

To achieve high throughput, low-pressure drops, and high adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) in industrial wastewater treatment, cellulose membranes containing cationic and anionic groups were fabricated, respectively. In this process, cost-effective cotton fabrics were oxidized using sodium periodate, followed by quaternary ammonium or sulfonation modifications. The chemical composition, surface morphology, and thermal and mechanical properties of the cellulose membranes were investigated by ATR-FTIR, solid-state NMR, SEM, TGA, and tensile experiments. Quaternary ammonium, aldehyde, and sulfonate groups were distributed on the cationic/anionic cellulose fibers as adsorption sites, which issue remarkable adsorption capability to the cellulose membranes. The highly toxic Cr(VI) and Pb(II) ions were used to challenge the adsorption capacity of the cationic and anionic cellulose membranes, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacities of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) ions were 61.7 and 63.7 mg/g, respectively, suggested by Langmuir isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics in the static experiments. The dynamic adsorption capability of cationic cellulose membranes against Cr(VI) ions was determined and compared with that of commercially available anionic-exchange membranes. Spiral wound filtration cartridges were fabricated by cationic and anionic cellulose membranes, respectively, and were used to adsorb Cr(VI) and Pb(II) from lab-made wastewater, respectively. The cationic cellulose cartridge can purify 4.4 L of wastewater containing 1.0 mg/L of Cr(VI) ions with a 100% removal ratio, while the pressure drop was retained at 246 Pa. Similarly, the anionic cellulose cartridge exhibited even more impressive adsorption capability; the removal ratio against Pb(II) was 99% when 8.6 L of 1.0 mg/L of Pb(II) ions containing wastewater was treated, and the pressure drop was retained at 234 Pa. A composite cartridge fabricated by the integration of cationic and anionic cellulose membranes was successfully employed to purify the wastewater containing Cr(VI) and Pb(II) simultaneously. The possible adsorption mechanism was proposed, and the recycling ability of the cellulose membranes was also discussed.
Effects of Bacterial Metabolites on the Wnt4 Protein in Dental-Pulp-Stem-Cells-Based Endodontic Pulpitis Treatment
Authors: Abulhamael Ayman M. , Bhandi Shilpa , Albar Nasreen H. , Shaiban Amal S. , Bavabeedu Shashit Shetty , Alzahrani Khalid J. , Alzahrani Fuad M. , Halawani Ibrahim F. , Patil Shankargouda
Published: July 2023

Porphyromonas gingivalis is associated with endodontic pulpitis, causing damage to the dental pulp, leading to severe pain and a decline in quality of life. Regenerative pulp treatments using dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) can be hindered by interactions between DPSCs and the infecting bacteria. The protein WNT family member 4 (Wnt4) plays a critical role in the differentiation of DPSCs and the regeneration of odontogenic tissue. However, the specific influence of P. gingivalis on Wnt4 remains unclear. In this study, we employed a computational approach to investigate the underlying mechanisms through which P. gingivalis-produced metabolites inhibit the Wnt4 protein, thereby diminishing the regenerative potential and therapeutic efficacy of odontogenic tissue. Among the metabolites examined, C29H46N7O18P3S−4 exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on the Wnt4 protein, as evidenced by the lowest binding energy score of −6782 kcal/mol. Molecular dynamic simulation trajectories revealed that the binding of C29H46N7O18P3S−4 significantly altered the structural dynamics and stability of the Wnt4 protein. These alterations in protein trajectories may have implications for the molecular function of Wnt4 and its associated pathways. Overall, our findings shed light on the inhibitory impact of P. gingivalis-produced metabolites on the Wnt4 protein. Further in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies are necessary to validate and expand upon our findings.
BacSeq: A User-Friendly Automated Pipeline for Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis of Bacterial Genomes
Authors: Chukamnerd Arnon , Jeenkeawpiam Kongpop , Chusri Sarunyou , Pomwised Rattanaruji , Singkhamanan Kamonnut , Surachat Komwit
Published: July 2023

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of bacterial pathogens is widely conducted in microbiological, medical, and clinical research to explore genetic insights that could impact clinical treatment and molecular epidemiology. However, analyzing WGS data of bacteria can pose challenges for microbiologists, clinicians, and researchers, as it requires the application of several bioinformatics pipelines to extract genetic information from raw data. In this paper, we present BacSeq, an automated bioinformatic pipeline for the analysis of next-generation sequencing data of bacterial genomes. BacSeq enables the assembly, annotation, and identification of crucial genes responsible for multidrug resistance, virulence factors, and plasmids. Additionally, the pipeline integrates comparative analysis among isolates, offering phylogenetic tree analysis and identification of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). To facilitate easy analysis in a single step and support the processing of multiple isolates, BacSeq provides a graphical user interface (GUI) based on the JAVA platform. It is designed to cater to users without extensive bioinformatics skills.
The Roman Houses of the Caelian Hill (Rome, Italy): Multitemporal Evaluation of Biodeterioration Patterns
Authors: Isola Daniela , Bartoli Flavia , Morretta Simona , Caneva Giulia
Published: July 2023

Like other hypogeal environments, the Roman Houses of the Caelian Hill are prone to unwanted biological growth. Wide conservative interventions have been carried out at the beginning of this millenium to reduce biodeterioration and physical–chemical damages. Retracing the last monitoring work, we assessed the site’s current state of conservation and biodeterioration intending to check the previous treatments’ effectiveness and deepen the common knowledge of the subterranean biota and their possible biodeteriogenic effects. Starting from the past test areas and the previous identifications of the occurring biodeteriogens, we further isolated and identified the main eubacterial, fungal, and phototrophic settlers, focusing on some detrimental traits for wall paintings (i.e., acid production and carbonate precipitation). The achieved results proved the success of the performed interventions in reducing the wall’s water content. Otherwise, the new conditions raise, in the long term, new concerns about lampenflora, carbonate precipitations, and salt efflorescence. Here, the Caelian Houses’ new status is documented. The possible favouring conditions for the different groups of biodeteriogens, along with the taxonomical novelties, additional risks tied to the anthropization of the resident culturable microbial community, and the possible relation between the black fungus Cyphellophora olivacea and roots, are reported and discussed.
Geochemistry of the Devonian and Permo-Triassic Black Shales in Peninsular Malaysia: Insights into Provenance, Tectonic Setting, and Source Rock Weathering
Authors: Makoundi Charles , Endut Zakaria , Zaw Khin
Published: July 2023

Selected Malaysian black shale sequences of the Permo-Triassic and Devonian ages that crop out in the Central Belt were investigated to discuss their chemical composition, provenance, tectonic setting, and weathering history. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis shows that the BRSZ Unit 1 black shale has elevated SiO2, TiO2, and K2O contents compared to the Semantan and Gua Musang black shale. In terms of trace elements, the BRSZ Unit 1 black shale has elevated trace element contents compared to the Semantan and Gua Musang black shales. The BRSZ Unit 1 has the highest V, U, Pb, and Mo contents relative to the other two formations. The Mo content is significant in the BRSZ Unit 1 and is thought to be associated with the elevated total organic carbon (TOC) in the BRSZ Unit 1 black shale. Compared to Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS), the BRSZ Unit 1 and Gua Musang black shales are low in Fe2O3, MnO, CaO, Na2O, and P2O5. The Semantan black shales are deficient in CaO, K2O, and P2O5 and enriched in MnO. The black shales of BRSZ Unit 1 are enriched in V, Cu, Ga, Rb, Mo, Sn, Pb, and U. Except for Pb (mean: 32.3 ppm), the Gua Musang black shales are largely depleted in trace elements. Similar to the Semantan black shales, all trace element concentrations are largely depleted with the exception of Sc (mean: 22.3 ppm), which is slightly higher. Provenance analysis shows that the BRSZ Unit 1, Semantan, and Gua Musang black shales derived from felsic and intermediate parental source rocks. The BRSZ Unit 1 and Gua Musang black shales indicate a collision setting, whereas the Semantan black shales show affinity to a continental arc setting. The CIA values for all the samples analyzed in this study range between 79.4 and 95.8, indicating an intense chemical weathering in warm and wet paleoclimatic conditions. The average CIW values of samples from the BRSZ Unit 1, Semantan, and Gua Musang are 99.4, 94.5, and 98.6, respectively, implying an intense degree of weathering of the source rocks.
Physiochemical and Microbial Analysis of Tibetan Yak Milk Yogurt in Comparison to Locally Available Yogurt
Authors: Huang Zhipeng , Habib Arslan , Ding Xiaoming , Lv Hong
Published: July 2023

Yak yogurt, which is rich in microorganisms, is a naturally fermented dairy product prepared with ancient and modern techniques by Chinese herdsmen in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The objective of this research was to assess the impact of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus starter cultures on the quality and shelf life of yak yogurt, as well as the genetic stability across multiple generations, in comparison to commercially available plain yogurt and peach oat flavor yogurt. Following that, the samples were evenly divided into four treatment groups denoted as T1 (treatment 1), T2, T3, and T4, with each group employing a distinct source of yogurt formulation. T1 included L. bulgaricus, T2 comprised S. thermophilus, T3 consisted of plain yogurt, and T4 represented peach oat yogurt flavor. The findings indicate that T1 yogurt consistently presents a lower pH and higher acidity compared to the other three yogurt types throughout the entire generation process. Moreover, the fat content in all generations of the four yogurt types exceeds the national standard of 3.1 g/100 g, while the total solid content shows a tendency to stabilize across generations. The protein content varies significantly among each generation, with T1 and T4 yogurt indicating higher levels compared to the T2 and T3 yogurt groups. In terms of overall quality, T1 and T4 yogurt are superior to T2 and T3 yogurt, with T1 yogurt being the highest in quality among all groups. The findings revealed that the inclusion of L. bulgaricus led to enhanced flavor, texture, and genetic stability in yak yogurt. This study will serve as a valuable source of data, support, and methodology for the development and screening of compound starters to be utilized in milk fermentation in future research and applications.
The Prediction of Antioxidant Q-Markers for Angelica dahurica Based on the Dynamics Change in Chemical Compositions and Network Pharmacology
Authors: Gao Hui , Li Qian
Published: July 2023

Objective: To clarify the accumulation and mutual transformation patterns of the chemical components in Angelica dahurica (A. dahurica) and predict the quality markers (Q-Markers) of its antioxidant activity. Method: The types of and content changes in the chemical components in various parts of A. dahurica during different periods were analyzed by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technology (GC-MS). The antioxidant effect of the Q-Markers was predicted using network pharmacological networks, and molecular docking was used to verify the biological activity of the Q-Markers. Result: The differences in the content changes in the coumarin compounds in different parts were found by using GC-MS technology, with the relative content being the best in the root, followed by the leaves, and the least in the stems. The common components were used as potential Q-Markers for a network pharmacology analysis. The component-target-pathway-disease network was constructed. In the molecular docking, the Q-Markers had a good binding ability with the core target, reflecting better biological activity. Conclusions: The accumulation and mutual transformation patterns of the chemical components in different parts of A. dahurica were clarified. The predicted Q-Markers lay a material foundation for the establishment of quality standards and a quality evaluation.
Self-Assembled Bifunctional Copper Hydroxide/Gold-Ordered Nanoarray Composites for Fast, Sensitive, and Recyclable SERS Detection of Hazardous Benzene Vapors
Authors: Lu Yanyan , Yuan Xuzhou , Jia Cuiping , Lei Biao , Zhang Hongwen , Zhao Zhipeng , Zhu Shuyi , Zhao Qian , Cai Weiping
Published: July 2023

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particularly monoaromatic hydrocarbon compounds (MACHs), pose a potential risk to the atmospheric environment and human health. Therefore, the progressive development of efficient detection methodologies is a pertinent need, which is still a challenge at present. In this study, we present a rapid and sensitive method to detect trace amounts of MACHs using a bifunctional SERS composite substrate. We prepared an Au/SiO2 enhanced layer and a porous Cu(OH)2 adsorption layer via microfluidic-assisted gas-liquid interface self-assembly. The composite substrate effectively monitored changes in benzaldehyde using time-varying SERS spectra, and track-specifically identified various VOCs such as benzene, xylene, styrene, and nitrobenzene. In general, the substrate exhibited a rapid response time of 20 s to gaseous benzaldehyde, with a minimum detection concentration of less than 500 ppt. Further experimental assessments revealed an optimum Cu(OH)2 thickness of the surrounding adsorption layer of 150 nm, which can achieve an efficient SERS response to MACHs. Furthermore, the recoverable and reusable property of the composite substrate highlights its practicality. This study presents a straightforward and efficient approach for detecting trace gaseous VOCs using SERS, with significant implications in the designing of SERS substrates for detecting other VOCs.