bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Graph-Based Bootstrapping for Coreference Resolution
Authors: Balaji J. , Geetha T.V. , Ranjani P.
Published: December 2013

Coreference resolution is a challenging natural language processing task, and it is difficult to identify the correct mentions of an entity that can be any noun or noun phrase. In this article, a semisupervised, two-stage pattern-based bootstrapping approach is proposed for the coreference resolution task. During Stage 1, the possible mentions are identified using word-based features, and during Stage 2, the correct mentions are identified by filtering the non-coreferents of an entity using statistical measures and graph-based features. Whereas the existing approaches use morphosyntactic and number/gender agreement features, the proposed approach uses semantic graph-based context-level semantics and nested noun phrases in the correct mentions identification. Moreover, mentions without the number/gender information are identified, using the context-based features of the semantic graph. The evaluation performed for the coreference resolution shows significant improvements, when compared with the word association-based bootstrapping systems.
Integrating Security Aspects into Business Process Models
Authors: Brucker Achim D.
Published: December 2013

Modern enterprise systems are often process-driven and, thus,
rely heavily on process-aware information systems. In such
systems, high-level process-models play an important role both for
communicating business requirements between domain experts and
system experts as well as basis for the system implementation.
Since several years, enterprise system need to fulfil an
increasing number of the security and compliance
requirements. Thus, there is an increasing demand for integrating
high-level security and compliance requirements into process
models, i. e. a common language for domain experts, system
experts, and security experts. We present a security modelling
language, called SecureBPMN, that can easily be integrated into
business process modelling languages. In this paper, we exemplary
integrate SecureBPMN into BPMN and, thus, present a common
language for describing business process models together with
their security and compliance requirements.
Security and Privacy in Business Processes:
A Posteriori Analysis Techniques
Authors: Strembeck Mark , Rinderle-Ma Stefanie
Published: December 2013

In this paper, we motivate the need to perform a posteriori
analyzes for process-related security properties. In particular,
we first discuss the relation of security engineering and
a-posteriori techniques. Subsequently, we give an overview of
different a-posteriori techniques for analyzing organizational
structures and access control policies. Finally, we provide
a discussion on application scenarios for different a-posteriori
techniques.
Privacy Analysis of User Behavior Using Alignments
Authors: Adriansyah Arya , van Dongen Boudewijn F. , Zannone Nicola
Published: December 2013

Privacy is becoming a urgent issue in information systems
nowadays because of the stringent requirements imposed by data
protection regulations. Traditional security approaches based on
access control and authorization are not adequate to address these
requirements. The underlying fundamental problem is that those
approaches are preventive and thus they are not able to deal with
exceptions. In this paper, we present a practical privacy
framework that shifts the problem of preventing infringements into
a problem of detecting infringements. The framework is based on
systematic log auditing, use of patterns and privacy metrics to
detect and quantify infringements.
Urocortin increased endothelial ICAM1 by cPLA2-dependent NF-κB and PKA pathways in HUVECs
Authors: Wan Rong , Liu Yunxin , Li Li , Zhu Chao , Jin Lai , Li Shengnan
Published: December 2013

Urocortin (Ucn1), a member of the corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) family, has been reported to participate in inflammation. The increased expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) plays important roles in inflammation and immune responses. Our previous results demonstrated that Ucn1 significantly enhanced the expression of ICAM1. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate the detailed mechanisms of Ucn1-induced upregulation of ICAM1. Here, we characterized the mechanisms of Ucn1 usage to regulate ICAM1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Our data revealed that Ucn1 increased ICAM1 and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) expressions in a time-dependent manner via CRH receptor 2 (CRHR2). In addition, COX2 was involved in ICAM1 upregulation. Furthermore, Ucn1 could increase the expression and phosphorylation of cytosolic phospholipases A2 (cPLA2) in a time-dependent manner via CRHR2 and CRHR1. Moreover, ablation of cPLA2 by the inhibitor pyrrophenone or siRNA attenuated the ICAM1 increase induced by Ucn1. In addition, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) was activated, indicated by the increase in nuclear p65NF-κB expression and phosphorylation of p65NF-κB, depending on cPLA2 and CRHR2 activation. Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamic acid, an inhibitor of NF-κB, abolished the elevation of ICAM1 but not COX2. Also, Ucn1 increased the production of prostaglandin E2(PGE2) which further activated protein kinase A (PKA)–CREB pathways dependent of cPLA2 via CRHR2. Moreover, the increase in NF-κB phosphorylation was not affected by the selective COX2 inhibitor NS-398 or the PKA inhibitor H89. In conclusion, these data indicate that Ucn1 increase the ICAM1 expression via cPLA2-NF-κB and cPLA2-COX2-PGE2-PKA-CREB pathways by means of CRHR2.
Salinity and photoperiod modulate pubertal development in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Melo Michelle C , Andersson Eva , Fjelldal Per Gunnar , Bogerd Jan , França Luiz R , Taranger Geir Lasse , Schulz Rüdiger W
Published: December 2013

The Atlantic salmon shows substantial life cycle plasticity, which also applies to the timing of puberty. While it is characterized by the activation of the brain–pituitary–gonad axis, many morphophysiological aspects of puberty and the influence of environmental conditions, such as water salinity, are not well understood in fish. Here, 12-month-old Atlantic salmon coming from an out-of-season smoltification regime in December were exposed to freshwater (FW) or seawater (SW) at 16 °C to stimulate puberty under a 24-h constant light (LL) or 12 h light:12 h darkness (LD) photoperiod. These four treatment groups (FWLL, SWLL, FWLD, and SWLD) were studied from January to March. Next to 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) plasma levels, the expression of pituitary genes (gnrhr4, fshb, and lhb) and spermatogenesis was quantified. When spermatogonial proliferation started, fshb mRNA levels increased steeply and began to decrease when spermatogonial mitosis approached completion and most germ cells had reached meiotic or post-meiotic stages. Conversely, lhb mRNA levels increased progressively during spermatogenesis. Most males in all treatment groups matured, but exposure to SW resulted in the strongest stimulation of the onset of spermatogenesis and elevation of pituitary gnrhr4 and fshb mRNA levels. Later on, the LD photoperiod accelerated, irrespective of the salinity, the completion of spermatogenesis, associated with higher lhb mRNA and 11-KT plasma levels than in the LL groups. We find that both salinity and photoperiod modulated different aspects of spermatogenesis, and resulted in a differential activation of pituitary and testis functions; SW stimulating the onset and the shorter photoperiod the completion of spermatogenesis.
High levels of circulating triiodothyronine induce plasma cell differentiation
Authors: Bloise Flavia Fonseca , de Oliveira Felipe Leite , Nobrega Alberto Félix , Vasconcellos Rita , Cordeiro Aline , de Paiva Luciana Souza , Taub Dennis D , Borojevic Radovan , Pazos-Moura Carmen Cabanelas , de Mello-Coelho Valéria
Published: December 2013

The effects of hyperthyroidism on B-cell physiology are still poorly known. In this study, we evaluated the influence of high-circulating levels of 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) on bone marrow, blood, and spleen B-cell subsets, more specifically on B-cell differentiation into plasma cells, in C57BL/6 mice receiving daily injections of T3for 14 days. As analyzed by flow cytometry, T3-treated mice exhibited increased frequencies of pre-B and immature B-cells and decreased percentages of mature B-cells in the bone marrow, accompanied by an increased frequency of blood B-cells, splenic newly formed B-cells, and total CD19+B-cells. T3administration also promoted an increase in the size and cellularity of the spleen as well as in the white pulp areas of the organ, as evidenced by histological analyses. In addition, a decreased frequency of splenic B220+cells correlating with an increased percentage of CD138+plasma cells was observed in the spleen and bone marrow of T3-treated mice. Using enzyme-linked immunospot assay, an increased number of splenic immunoglobulin-secreting B-cells from T3-treated mice was detectedex vivo. Similar results were observed in mice immunized with hen egg lysozyme and aluminum adjuvant alone or together with treatment with T3. In conclusion, we provide evidence that high-circulating levels of T3stimulate plasmacytogenesis favoring an increase in plasma cells in the bone marrow, a long-lived plasma cell survival niche. These findings indicate that a stimulatory effect on plasma cell differentiation could occur in untreated patients with Graves' disease.
Detecting and Measuring Selection from Gene Frequency Data
Authors: Vitalis Renaud , Gautier Mathieu , Dawson Kevin J , Beaumont Mark A
Published: December 2013

The recent advent of high-throughput sequencing and genotyping technologies makes it possible to produce, easily and cost effectively, large amounts of detailed data on the genotype composition of populations. Detecting locus-specific effects may help identify those genes that have been, or are currently, targeted by natural selection. How best to identify these selected regions, loci, or single nucleotides remains a challenging issue. Here, we introduce a new model-based method, called SelEstim, to distinguish putative selected polymorphisms from the background of neutral (or nearly neutral) ones and to estimate the intensity of selection at the former. The underlying population genetic model is a diffusion approximation for the distribution of allele frequency in a population subdivided into a number of demes that exchange migrants. We use a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for sampling from the joint posterior distribution of the model parameters, in a hierarchical Bayesian framework. We present evidence from stochastic simulations, which demonstrates the good power of SelEstim to identify loci targeted by selection and to estimate the strength of selection acting on these loci, within each deme. We also reanalyze a subset of SNP data from the Stanford HGDP–CEPH Human Genome Diversity Cell Line Panel to illustrate the performance of SelEstim on real data. In agreement with previous studies, our analyses point to a very strong signal of positive selection upstream of the LCT gene, which encodes for the enzyme lactase–phlorizin hydrolase and is associated with adult-type hypolactasia. The geographical distribution of the strength of positive selection across the Old World matches the interpolated map of lactase persistence phenotype frequencies, with the strongest selection coefficients in Europe and in the Indus Valley.
Inheritance Patterns and Stability of DNA Methylation Variation in Maize Near-Isogenic Lines
Authors: Li Qing , Eichten Steven R , Hermanson Peter J , Springer Nathan M
Published: December 2013

DNA methylation is a chromatin modification that contributes to epigenetic regulation of gene expression. The inheritance patterns and trans-generational stability of 962 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were assessed in a panel of 71 near-isogenic lines (NILs) derived from maize (Zea mays) inbred lines B73 and Mo17. The majority of DMRs exhibit inheritance patterns that would be expected for local (cis) inheritance of DNA methylation variation such that DNA methylation level was coupled to local genotype. There are few examples of DNA methylation that exhibit trans-acting control or paramutation-like patterns. The cis-inherited DMRs provide an opportunity to study the stability of inheritance for DNA methylation variation. There was very little evidence for alterations of DNA methylation levels at these DMRs during the generations of the NIL population development. DNA methylation level was associated with local genotypes in nearly all of the >30,000 potential cases of inheritance. The majority of the DMRs were not associated with small RNAs. Together, our results suggest that a significant portion of DNA methylation variation in maize exhibits locally (cis) inherited patterns, is highly stable, and does not require active programming by small RNAs for maintenance.

DNA methylation may contribute to heritable epigenetic information in many eukaryotic genomes. In this study, we have documented the inheritance patterns and trans-generational stability for nearly 1000 DNA methylation variants in a segregating maize population. At most loci studied, the DNA methylation differences are locally inherited and are not influenced by the other allele or other genomic regions. The inheritance of DNA methylation levels across generations is quite robust with almost no examples of unstable inheritance, suggesting that DNA methylation differences can be quite stably inherited, even in segregating populations.
Therapeutic suggestion helps to cut back on drug intake for mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care unit
Authors: Schlanger Judit , Fritúz Gábor , Varga Katalin
Published: December 2013

Research was conducted on ventilated patients treated in an intensive care unit (ICU) under identical circumstances; patients were divided into two groups (subsequently proved statistically identical as to age and Simplified Acute Physiology Score II [SAPS II]). One group was treated with positive suggestions for 15–20 min a day based on a predetermined scheme, but tailored to the individual patient, while the control group received no auxiliary psychological treatment. Our goal was to test the effects of positive communication in this special clinical situation. In this section of the research, the subsequent data collection was aimed to reveal whether any change in drug need could be demonstrated upon the influence of suggestions as compared to the control group. Owing to the strict recruitment criteria, a relatively small sample (suggestion groupn= 15, control groupn= 10) was available during the approximately nine-month period of research. As an outcome of suggestions, there was a significant drop in benzodiazepine (p< 0.005), opioid (p< 0.001), and the α2-agonist (p< 0.05) intake. All this justifies the presence of therapeutic suggestions among the therapies used in ICUs. However, repeating the trial on a larger sample of patients would be recommended.
When to go epicardially during ventricular tachycardia ablation? Role of surface electrocardiogram
Authors: Ozcan Emin Evren , Széplaki Gábor , Tahin Tamás , Osztheimer István , Szilágyi Szabolcs , Merkely Béla , Gellér László
Published: December 2013

Early recognition of ventricular tachycardias (VTs) with epicardial circuits is crucial. Surface electrocardiogram (ECG) suggesting an epicardial origin could guide ablation procedures and increase success rates. A 35-year-old female patient with VT treated by combined epicardial and endocardial ablation approach is presented in this report, and the role of surface electrocardiogram and timing of epicardial access is discussed.
When does a D-dimer test help make the diagnosis of aortic dissection?
Authors: Ünlüer Erden Erol , Karagöz Arif , Akyol Pinar Yeşim
Published: December 2013

We present a case of an 84-year-old woman who presented with vague abdominal discomfort and syncope secondary to a type A acute aortic dissection. In pursuit of the diagnosis, multiple tests were ordered after the history and physical exam were complete. When the D-dimer levels were reported to be high, a bedside transthoracic ultrasound was performed which showed dilated aortic root and pericardial tamponade, leading us to order a computerized tomography to confirm the diagnosis of acute aortic dissection. A diagnostic testing algorithm being used in our institution using D-dimer, ultrasound, and other tests are provided in patients presenting with possible acute aortic dissection. In this case, bedside ultrasound helped us to rapidly make the diagnosis of acute aortic dissection and arrange for further inpatient care.
Matters of Use and Consumption
Authors: Roppa Andrea
Published: December 2013

The study of city-country relationships in the classical world has long been a widely recognized field of research. While recent studies tend to reconsider the well-established traditional town centric approach and new perspectives emphasize the agrarian dimension of towns, little attention has been devoted to the distinctive materiality of rural and urban life. The main focus of this paper falls on comparative patterns of consumption of, and specific material culture used by, communities inhabiting larger settlements as opposed to those distinctive households at smaller rural sites. By focusing on ceramic material assemblages from a range of excavated and surveyed sites dating to the Punic and Republican period on the island of Sardinia, I explore the urban rural divide and use portable material culture as evidence of consumption and daily activities carried out at urban and rural sites. Based on these data, I emphasize the wide diversification within the rural world and the long-term development of larger settlements through the lens of ceramic material culture in use. I suggest that the detailed study of ceramic assemblages may shed new light on human activities and the distinctive ways of life in urban and rural contexts; I also propose that the availability of a wider range of goods and more sophisticated patterns of consumption are specific attributes of urban life.
Feasting the Community
Authors: Martín Meritxell Ferrer
Published: December 2013

In recent years, the emergence of new theoretical perspectives such as post-structuralism, post-colonialism and feminism in the study of colonial situations in the ancient Mediterranean have broken the hegemony long held by acculturation. Earlier perspectives focused mainly on the colonies, Greek or Phoenician, and considered them as the only active agents, while local populations were traditionally interpreted as static and monolithic entities, passive recipients of colonial innovations. Moving away from these interpretations and approaching new ways of reading colonial histories, the focus of this article is centered on the native Sicilian people, particularly on the recuperation of their agency, through an analysis of their ritual politics. In this case I examine processes of making social identities and the idea of community that these peoples constructed through the collective practices carried out in their main communal ritual settings, the acropoleis.
A Network Approach to Hellenistic Sculptural Production
Authors: Larson Katherine A.
Published: December 2013

Recent advances in network theory have facilitated the collection and analysis of archaeological data in new ways, with significant implications for the detection of social networks and transmission of information in the ancient world. These new models invite a reassessment of the diffusion of information and organization of artistic production that has long been based on physical mobility and familial organization of workshops. This article applies network analysis to a corpus of sculptors’ signatures from the Hellenistic Aegean in order to test the scale and frequency of mobility and significance of social relationships in sculptural production. Signatures, with their formulaic patronyms and toponyms, reveal complex personal relationships between sculptors, their collaborators, and the places they lived and worked. In turn, these affiliations shed light upon physical and conceptual connections among sculptors over time and space. Network modeling reveals that communication among clusters of sculptors working in different production centers fluctuates over the Hellenistic period, with the optimal period for homogeneous cultural expression coinciding with the small world properties of the network around the mid-2nd century BC, when a few key itinerant individuals create bridging ties between centers. This study yields a more holistic model for sculptural production during the Hellenistic period in which the duration, distance, and frequency of individual itinerancy is less common than has been assumed. Direct familial relationships emerge as less important for workshop organization than a common city or region of origin.
‘Father’ Upchurch
Authors: Tyssens Jeffrey
Published: December 2013

The alleged role of J.J. Upchurch (1822-1887) in the creation of the Ancient Order of United Workmen as a successful fraternal order is a fine example of an invented tradition. A set of repetitive narrative, ritual and symbolical practices were constituted around his personality that were designed to promote fraternal values, to enhance group cohesion and to represent the order’s activities as continuous with a partly fictional past. While Upchurch was key to the start of the order, his fame as the creator of the order's mutual benefit system - its most notable feature - was a fiction. The growth of a cult around Upchurch resulted from a campaign by a leading Californian fraternity man with political ambitions. While the latter widely toured Upchurch as a fraternal icon through his State, it was Upchurch himself who proved to be instrumental in generating his own personality cult. This cult eventually found its way to the order’s narratives and “iconic practices”, generating a secular version of what David Morgan calls “visual piety”. The mythical Upchurch image became constitutive of the collective identity of the order, steered the collective memory regarding its foundational myth and helped to symbolize fraternal relationships of protection, charity and mutuality.
Freemasonry and the Indian Parsi Community
Authors: Deschamps Simon
Published: December 2013

Following closely in the wake of British imperialism, the first Indian lodge was constituted in 1730, by officials of the East India Company based in Fort William, Calcutta. From there, masonic lodges started to spawn in the other urban centres and army cantonments of the fast-expanding Indian Empire. As the native elites started expressing a growing interest in joining, India became a testing ground on which freemasonry, initially an all-white organization, could experiment its universal creed. The first Indian to become a mason was Umdat-ul-Umrah Bahadur, son of the powerful Nawab of the Carnatic. Following his lead, a handful of muslim noblemen were able to gain access to the fraternity. Local masons appeared to be more willing to fraternize with the Muslim. But in the 1840s, this pattern was somehow overturned, as the Parsi community grew to become the most represented group within Indian lodges. This paper seeks to examine the foundations of this newly acquired eligibility.
Le Monde Maçonnique des Lumières
Authors: Révauger Cécile
Published: December 2013

Le monde maçonnique des Lumières. Europe-Amérique et colonies. Dictionnaire prosopographique, edited by Charles Porset and Cécile Révauger. Paris: Champion, 2013 . This essay describes the conception of this ground-breaking three-volume work, and its ten-year gestation.
Compensation of hologram distortion by controlling defocus component in reference beam wavefront for angle multiplexed holograms
Authors: Muroi T. , Kinoshita N. , Ishii N. , Kamijo K. , Kawata Y. , Kikuchi H.
Published: December 2013

Holographic memory has the potential to function as a recording system with a large capacity and high data-transfer-rate. Photopolymer materials are typically used as a write-once recording medium. When holograms are recorded on this medium, they can distort due to shrinkage or expansion of the materials, which degrades the reconstructed image and causes a higher bit error rate (bER) of the reproduced data. We propose optically compensating for hologram distortion by controlling aberration components in the reference beam wavefront while reproducing data, thereby improving the reproduced data quality. First, we investigated the relation between each aberration component of the reference beam and the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the reproduced data using numerical simulation and found that horizontal tilt and the defocus component affect the SNR. Next, we experimentally evaluated the reproduced data by controlling the defocus component in the reference beam and found that the bER of the reproduced data could be decreased by controlling the defocus center with respect to the hologram position and phase modulation depth of the defocus component. Then, we investigated a practical control method of the defocus component using an evaluation value similar to the definition of the SNR for actual data reproduction from holograms. Using a defocus controlled wavefront enabled us to decrease the bER from 3.54 × 10−3 with a plane wave to 3.14 × 10−4. We also investigated how to reduce the bERs of reproduced data in angle multiplexed holograms. By using a defocus controlled wavefront to compensate for hologram distortion on the 40th data page in 80-page angle multiplexed holograms, the bERs of all pages could be decreased to less than 1 ×10−3. We showed that controlling the defocus component is an effective way to compensate for hologram distortion and to decrease the bER of reproduced data in holographic memory.
Le capitalisme à la lumière du néolibéralisme
Authors: Dardot Pierre
Published: December 2013

RÃ©sumÃ© Cet article se saisit des analyses foucaldiennes sur le néolibéralisme pour montrer quele capitalisme ne peut pas être réduit à un mode spécifique de production, obéissant à des mécanismes de fonctionnement nécessaires et naturels (la logique du capital). Le capitalisme se définit plutôt comme un « complexe économico-juridique » radicalement pluriel, qui connaît diverses figures historiques. Le néolibéralisme représente une de ces figures et se caractérise par deux traits spécifiques : une pratique gouvernementale intervenant directement dans les mécanismes du marché, ce qui suppose un recours actif à la loi et aux institutions, auxquelles revient la tâche de réguler les phénomènes de concurrence ; et une modalité entrepreneuriale de configuration de la société et de ses sujets, qui étend la rationalité du marché aux pratiques de subjectivation.
Le néolibéralisme est-il une phase du capitalisme ?
Authors: Haber Stéphane
Published: December 2013

RÃ©sumÃ© Engageant une confrontation critique avec des positions qui mettent l’accent sur la valeursociale de la gouvernementalité néolibérale en tant que vision générale du monde et construction des individus, cet article souligne l’irréductibilité de la dimension économique du néolibéralisme. Une sous-estimation du rôle de l’économie dans l’analyse des pratiques gouvernementales néolibérales conduit à la « tentation d’un psychologisme fonctionnaliste », qui passe à côté des rapports complexes et bidirectionnels s’instaurant entre l’univers économique capitaliste et les formes des subjectivités qui l’habitent (leurs désirs, leurs croyances, leurs intérêts). Il n’y a pas d’antinomie entre le néolibéralisme comme forme de la société et le néolibéralisme comme rationalité économique. Le néolibéralisme peut alors être compris comme un moment essentiel (bien que mobile et pluriel) du capitalisme contemporain.
Naissance de la biopolitique, à la lumière de la crise
Authors: Lazzarato Maurizio
Published: December 2013

RÃ©sumÃ© Cet article constitue une critique du cours de Michel Foucault sur le néolibéralisme à lalumière de la crise financière actuelle. Contrairement à ce que Foucault semble dire, le libéralisme n’a jamais été en posture de franche opposition aux stratégies de l’État : au contraire, le libéralisme n’est qu’une des modalités possibles de subjectivation du « capitalisme d’État ». Le règne du modèle entrepreneurial n’annule pas l’État, mais le transforme selon ses fins propres. Cependant, le travail de Foucault demeure précieux pour mettre en lumière la configuration d’un nouveau rapport entre souveraineté et gouvernementalité, en direction d’une gouvernementalité autoritaire post-démocratique.
L'interventionnisme environnemental,une stratégie néolibérale
Authors: Taylan Ferhat
Published: December 2013

RÃ©sumÃ© Cet article se concentre sur l’analyse que Michel Foucault mène dans Naissance de labiopolitique de l’homme économique néolibéral qui, à la différence de l’homo oeconomicus du libéralisme classique – atome intangible de liberté –, devient un homme maniable et « éminemment gouvernable », dont on peut modifier le comportement économique à travers une action sur son environnement. Aux yeux de Michel Foucault, la gouvernementalité néolibérale serait caractérisée par la coexistence indépassable d’une affirmation d’autonomie des marchés et de stratégies massives d’intervention (en termes d’imposition de modalités de subjectivation par aménagement d’un « milieu ») sur le champ social.
L'« englobant/englobé » selon Ricoeur :une critique implicite de la raison néolibérale
Authors: Monteil Pierre-Olivier
Published: December 2013

RÃ©sumÃ© Au tournant des années 1990, Ricoeur reformule sa pensée du politique à partir de ladifficulté pour le citoyen de savoir désormais si le politique est l’« englobant » ou l’« englobé ». On s’attache ici à montrer qu’alors même qu’il n’est jamais formulé en ces termes, le « paradoxe » de l’englobant/englobé correspond à une critique de la raison néolibérale mise en oeuvre au même moment en politique. La partialité de la politique comme pratique du pouvoir dévouée à la logique du tout-marché soustrait l’englobé à l’englobant qu’est le politique. Simultanément, le vouloir vivre-ensemble qui anime ce dernier ne se perçoit plus comme tel, par suite du recouvrement généralisé de la mutualité de l’échange entre les personnes par la réciprocité de l’échange marchand centré sur les objets. Cette critique dévoile l’impensé de la doctrine néolibérale, qui méconnaît que l’autorité peut seule faire médiation entre englobé et englobant.
L'ironie de la liberté d'expression
Authors: Ramond Denis
Published: December 2013

Résumé Cet article part d’une observation : il existe une relation paradoxale entre la liberté d’expression et les nuisances qu’elle peut susciter. La tradition libérale postule que le tort causé constitue la seule limite légitime que l’on peut donner à la liberté d’expression ; mais demande simultanément aux individus d’accepter certains torts provoqués par cette liberté. Mon objectif est d’interpréter cette tension comme le symptôme d’une ambiguïté intrinsèque à la liberté d’expression – que j’appelle « ironie » de la liberté d’expression. Si nous privons la liberté d’expression de la capacité d’infliger certains torts, cette liberté n’aurait guère de sens, mais il faut neutraliser sa capacité à nuire pour la rendre acceptable. J’étudie deux approches qui ont tenté de résoudre l’équation difficile de la liberté d’expression et du tort, et de distinguer les nuisances acceptables des nuisances inacceptables. La solution utilitariste, qui consiste à quantifier les nuisances, n’offre pas de critère apte à départager des revendications contradictoires de tort. La seconde, proposée par Thomas Scanlon, semblait plus prometteuse : pondérer le pouvoir de l’expression par une présomption d’autonomie du spectateur. Mais Thomas Scanlon, dans un second temps, a rejeté sa propre théorie et réaffirmé le pouvoir de nuire de la liberté d’expression. La prise en compte de l’ironie de la liberté d’expression permet de comprendre la relation complexe que cette liberté entretient avec ses conséquences négatives.
Le mort saisit le vif
Authors: Sauvé Guillaume
Published: December 2013

Résumé Cet article se penche sur le rapport ambigu entre la conception de la démocratisation élaborée à l’époque de la perestroïka en Russie et la consolidation autoritaire du pouvoir dans les années subséquentes. L’analyse des écrits d’influents penseurs démocrates permet de restituer la complexité de leur pensée, loin du portrait manichéen souvent fait d’eux soit comme « vrais démocrates » victimes des circonstances, soit comme « faux démocrates » mus par des intérêts égoïstes. Leur soutien à la disqualification politique du peuple et à la centralisation des pouvoirs dans les mains d’une élite technocratique s’inscrit en fait dans une compréhension de la politique soumise à l’autorité absolue de « processus » historiques et naturels. Confrontés à la méfiance du peuple à l’égard des réformes proposées, ces penseurs en viennent à envisager la nécessité d’une réforme autoritaire des moeurs pour libérer les esprits prisonniers de l’idéologie soviétique. Pour eux, la démocratisation exige quelques entorses à la démocratie.
La cohésion dans les productions écrites d’étudiants en anglais de spécialité : un problème culturel ?
Authors: Osborne John
Published: December 2013

Cette étude compare la fréquence d’utilisation de connecteurs inter-phrastiques dans les productions écrites d’apprenants francophones et non-francophones en anglais de spécialité (LEA Commerce international). La comparaison fait apparaître des différences parfois importantes, notamment dans l’utilisation de connecteurs d’addition et de justification. Ces écarts, et le détournement de certains connecteurs (Indeed, In fact) par les Francophones, semblent refléter des différences culturelles dans l’élaboration et la rédaction d’un texte.
Cross-cultural conflicts in ESP
Authors: Thomas David
Published: December 2013

L’enseignement de l’anglais de spécialité ne peut que prendre en compte l’impact culturel sur la langue, la culture en tant que telle, la culture professionnelle spécifique. Les cultures britannique et française exercent toutes les deux une influence, tempérée, en France, par le rôle de l’Académie, qui freine l’évolution de la langue due aux changements culturels. En anglais, l’évolution est très rapide, notamment dans le domaine de la langue du commerce et des affaires, en raison, en particulier, de l’influence américaine. Ce rôle de la culture amène à des conflits culturo-professionnels qui compliquent encore davantage le travail de l’apprenant, comme du professeur, de langue de spécialité. Ce dernier se doit d’imaginer le moyen de limiter les effets de tels conflits.
“From jelly babies to Roman candles”, Science et culture dans Science in Action (BBC World Service)
Authors: Vuillaume Pierre
Published: December 2013

L’exploitation de Science in Action dans différents cours d’anglais destinés à des élèves-ingénieurs au cours de l’année universitaire 1992-93 a donné lieu à une série d’échanges, non seulement avec les étudiants, mais encore avec un collègue scientifique, spécialiste de neuro-sciences. À l’occasion d’un bilan sur le travail fait avec ce support, ce collègue a parlé, à propos de l’émission, d’une « excellente façon de se cultiver ». Il a accepté de préciser sa pensée au cours d’un entretien. Science in Action est donc analysé à la lumière de ses observations. C’est l’occasion de mettre en évidence les différentes façons dont la notion de culture s’y trouve associée : des références à l’histoire, à la démarche scientifique, à la vie quotidienne et à la civilisation illustrent cette association. La langue utilisée fait l’objet d’observations, en particulier à partir de l’extrait d’un entretien accordé par Chris Westcott, un des réalisateurs de l’émission.
Agentivité grammaticale et agentivité intrinsèque
Authors: Camargo Eliane
Published: December 2013

En cachinawa, l’agentivité présente des processus morphosyntaxiques intéressants surtout dans des constructions causatives. Celles-ci sont caractérisées par trois opérateurs causatifs, ‑ma, ‑{a}n, ‑man, dont le sémantisme présente une dimension plus large que celle d’une simple relation entre un causateur et un exécutant qu’il affecte. Ces opérateurs traduisent différents paramètres sémantiques tels le contrôle de l’action, l’intentionnalité, la permissivité, la connivence, le bénéfice et la contrariété. Les discours sur les relations entre les entités-yuxin des morts et celles des vivants donnent l’occasion d’examiner le sémantisme de ces opérateurs ainsi que l’agentivité intrinsèque de ces entités-yuxin sur l’humain, notamment sur le bedu yuxin, le principe vital immortel de l’individu. Cette agentivité est exprimée par des actions que ces entités effectuent au travers d’énergies, comme le muka et le pae, qu’elles manifestent. Il est à noter que ces entités, notamment celles des morts, sont rarement patientives comme peuvent l’être les humains.
De l’agentivité mythique et incantatoire
Authors: Fontaine Laurent
Published: December 2013

Cet article propose une nouvelle analyse du mythe de Kawáirimi (Jacopin, 1981), en s’appuyant sur une seconde version, plus détaillée, recueillie en 2008 auprès de Mario Matapi, un soigneur reconnu, qui a accepté de m’expliquer des passages clés en les reliant à de nombreux vers incantatoires. À partir de cette autre version intégrale du mythe de Kawáirimi transcrite en langue yucuna et traduite, je présenterai différentes formes d’agentivité propres à cette parole. J’examinerai tout d’abord son contexte social, et ses effets sur la population yucuna d’aujourd’hui, près de La Pedrera. J’étudierai ensuite l’agentivité strictement interne à la narration, en proposant une méthode d’exploration des deux versions qui permette non seulement de dresser un tableau comparatif et global de leurs principaux actes, mais aussi d’analyser les effets et les répercussions entre ces actes. Enfin, j’analyserai les extraits d’incantation censés agir en se référant au récit.
Agentivité, devenir-chasseur et affects
Authors: Deshayes Patrick
Published: December 2013

Cet article étudie les affects spécifiques des chasseurs Huni Kuin à partir de la combinaison de deux concepts : celui d’« agentivité » et celui de « devenir » emprunté à Deleuze et Guattari. Il y a pour les Huni Kuin une continuité entre la chasse et certaines maladies. Ce sont les mêmes agents qui contrôlent ces maladies et le gibier. Nous montrons dans cet article comment se pense et se construit cette continuité et quelle en est la conséquence sur le quotidien du chasseur.
El nacimiento del Brasil: Revisión de un paradigma historiográfico
Authors: Pacheco de Oliveira João
Published: December 2013

Este artículo propone una relectura “a contrapelo” de los eventos relacionados con el inicio de la fundación de la colonia Brasil en el siglo XVI, interpretándolos bajo la perspectiva del establecimiento del dominio portugués sobre las poblaciones autóctonas de la costa atlántica de América del Sur. Con una mirada historiográfica, realiza una revisión crítica de categorías coloniales, imágenes e interpretaciones reificadas sobre los indios y el Brasil, haciendo estallar una estructura narrativa que impide comprender los hechos en la época en que sucedieron y obstaculiza la investigación científica actual en Antropología e Historia. Este reexamen del pasado permite colocar bajo otra luz los procesos orientados hacia la dominación y el control de nuevas tierras y poblaciones, indicando —en una perspectiva de larga duración— el papel crucial que ocupa la expansión de la frontera interior para la construcción del país, así como para la definición de sus prácticas y categorías administrativas y de autoentendimiento. La comprensión de las movilizaciones indígenas contemporáneas y de los procesos de etnogénesis registrados actualmente en el Nordeste brasileño constituyen una fuente crucial de inspiración para el ejercicio historiográfico aquí realizado.
Museografía y recreación de la historia: la formación del Museo Pampeano y Parque “Los Libres del Sur”
Authors: Blasco María Élida
Published: December 2013

El artículo explora la conformación del Museo Pampeano que encontraría su sede definitiva dentro del Parque “Los Libres del Sur” de la ciudad de Chascomús, ya que ambas instituciones surgieron en el marco de los homenajes propiciados ante el centenario de la “Revolución de los Libres del Sur”, como se conoció el levantamiento de los propietarios rurales y comerciantes contra Juan Manuel de Rosas en 1839.Disponiendo de fuentes documentales de primera mano provenientes del archivo particular del historiador y publicista Enrique Udaondo —uno de los principales promotores del museo y parque—, el objetivo general es determinar cómo se interrelacionaron los factores de índole local y externos que motivaron la instalación del Museo y modelaron las prácticas que operaron en su interior durante los primeros años de funcionamiento. En este marco, nos interesa particularmente explorar la capacidad de intervención de algunos agentes muchas veces definidos como “menores” o “marginales” a la hora de acumular y reproducir cuotas significativas de capital social pero que sin embargo han incidido de manera notable en la constitución y consolidación de un campo cultural vinculado a la recreación de la historia y a la museografía moderna que aún hoy goza de absoluta vigencia.
La riqueza del Archivo Torriglia. Su aporte a la historia de las instalaciones portuarias rosarinas
Authors: Acursso Ricardo V. , Biasi Adriana De , Fernández Sofía , Silvani Lucrecia
Published: December 2013

En consideración a la riqueza de información que atesora el Archivo Cesar Torriglia, nos hemos planteado como objetivo para el presente trabajo ilustrar sobre el valioso aporte del material documental a la historia de las instalaciones portuarias rosarinas procediendo a la selección de informes periciales por juicios de expropiación y reivindicación en terrenos del Bajo de la ciudad, epicentro de la actividad portuaria, sector en donde particulares y la empresa del Ferrocarril Central Argentino reclamaban reconocimiento de sus derechos de posesión a la Sociedad Constructora del Puerto de Rosario con motivo de las obras de construcción del mismo iniciada en 1902.
Documentos escritos por indígenas: as duas mensagens de Hilário Yrama (1757)
Authors: Neumann Eduardo S.
Published: December 2013

La conquista del alfabeto por los indígenas fue el resultado de modalidades de evangelización aplicadas a ellos en tiempos coloniales. La participación indígena en dicho proceso permite comprender la rápida difusión y aceptación de la tecnología de lo escrito. Esa fue una realidad particularmente visible en el contexto de las misiones jesuíticas del Paraguay, donde en circunstancias particulares los indígenas apelaron a la escritura de manera autónoma. Aquí analizamos vestigios de esa práctica letrada indígena teniendo en cuenta dos mensajes, ambos redactados por el alcalde de la reducción de San Miguel, Hilário Yrama, en 1757. El primer texto es un billete, escrito en una tira de papel que lleva la firma de Yrama. Lo escribió cuando vivía en la estancia de la reducción, después de la ocupación del núcleo urbano por las comisiones demarcadoras de límites enviadas por las Coronas ibéricas, en compañía de un grupo de indios. En ese momento el indígena decidió informar a sus superiores sobre algunos hechos recientes.
“Que digan lo que saben y cómo es que lo saben…” Un pedido de información sobre un martirio en las fronteras del Gran Chaco (1639-1640)
Authors: Geres René Osvaldo
Published: December 2013

El trabajo presenta la contextualización y transcripción del pedido de información sobre la muerte del jesuita Gaspar Osorio de Valderrábano y sus compañeros, levantado por orden del Obispo del Tucumán Maldonado y Saavedra entre 1639-1640 en las ciudades de Salta y Jujuy. El mismo se encuentra anexado a un expediente sobre la muerte de los padres Roque González de Santa Cruz, Alonso Rodríguez y Juan del Castillo existente en el Archivo General de la Nación y constituye un documento inédito sobre las relaciones entabladas entre los misioneros de la Compañía de Jesús y algunos grupos indígenas —pelichocos, labradillos, palomos y chiriguanos— que circulaban por la confluencia de los ríos Perico y Siancas en la frontera jujeña en la primera mitad del siglo XVII. El informe, que reúne testimonios de indígenas reducidos de la encomienda de Marcos Cabello, constituye una fuente que contribuye al conocimiento de estos grupos, algunos prácticamente desconocidos por la historiografía de la región, las relaciones entabladas con los misioneros en instancias de fricción interétnica y las respuestas que estos grupos plantearon ante estas circunstancias en un espacio geoetnico variado.
A violência como prática civilizatória. Relações entre indígenas, missionários, militares e fazendeiros nos aldeamentos capuchinhos do século XIX no sul da província de Mato Grosso
Authors: Barbosa Pablo Antunha
Published: December 2013

El documento que aquí se publica consiste en una serie de acusaciones de supuestos actos de violencia que el misionero capuchino Fray Ângelo de Caramonico, entonces director del asentamiento de “Nossa Senhora do Bom Conselho” en Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, habría cometido contra el indio Manoel José en el año de 1862. A pesar de no estar datado ni firmado, no es difícil contextualizar este documento a partir de otros existentes como este en el Arquivo Público do Estado de Mato Grosso (APMT). La reconstrucción del contexto histórico de producción de este documento resulta de interés para la comprensión de las lógicas que dan sentido a las diferentes posiciones presentadas por los actores involucrados en ese "juego de acusaciones".
Usos del pasado territorial en el proceso de comunalización de los Comechingones del Pueblo de La Toma, Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: Palladino Lucas
Published: December 2013

En el año 2008 un grupo de familias se proclaman como Comechingones pertenecientes al antiguo Pueblo de La Toma e inician un proceso de rearticulación comunal en la Ciudad de Córdoba. Este proceso de comunalización provocó tensiones ya que rápidamente aparecieron versiones sobre el pasado territorial y la identidad –asociadas a representaciones oficiales históricas de invisibilización - que sospechaban de la autenticidad aborigen de quienes se adscribían como Comechingones. En este marco este trabajo analiza el papel que juegan las representaciones del pasado territorial en el contexto de la disputa por la autenticidad que ha involucrado el proceso de comunalización de los Comechingones del Pueblo de La Toma. La información se obtuvo del trabajo etnográfico llevado en el período 2008-2010 e involucró observación participante, entrevistas y análisis de fuentes documentales.
Diarios, informes, cartas y relatos de las expediciones a las Salinas Grandes, siglos XVIII-XIX
Authors: Nacuzzi Lidia R.
Published: December 2013

Las expediciones a Salinas Grandes (ubicadas en el actual departamento de Atreucó, provincia de La Pampa) se realizaron desde la época colonial para extraer sal y trasladarla a la ciudad de Buenos Aires, convocando a una cantidad importante de actores. Publicamos aquí algunos documentos inéditos relacionados con esas expediciones que se conservan en la Biblioteca Nacional de Río de Janeiro (BNRJ) y en el Archivo General de la Nación de Buenos Aires (AGN). También ofrecemos información relativa a esos viajes basada en otros escritos ya publicados, con el fin de plantear una reflexión acerca de la producción y reproducción de este tipo de fuentes históricas y luego reseñamos los datos etnográficos que estos papeles ofrecen sobre algunos temas específicos.