bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ambient Energy Harvesting of Piezoelectric ZnO Thin Film Dependence of Spin Speed and Annealing Temperature
Authors: Sutjipto Agus Geter Edy , Shian Yit Pei , Shaitir Ali , Jusoh Mohamad Ashry , Legowo Ari
Published: March 2020

This research deals with ambient energy harvesting by using zinc oxide thin film. The objectives of this thesis are to prove the ZnO film as a piezoelectric material can produce electric when vibration is applied and determine its optimal voltage. The thesis describes the sol gel spin coating technique to fabricate zinc oxide thin film. Zinc acetate dehydrate, absolute ethanol and diethanolamine were used in this thesis to act as sol gel precursor. Sol gel was coated on glass slide which wrapped by aluminum foil. The thin film was formed after preheating and annealing. The thin film was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) as well as analyzed using vibration technique. From XRD results, the films were preferentially diffracted at around 65° which corresponding to (1 1 2) diffraction phase. From FESEM results, it was observed that when the spin speed was increased at same annealing temperature, the thickness was also decreased. When the annealing temperature was increased at same spin speed, both grain size and thickness were increased. From the PL results, there was only film with spin speed of 2000 rpm and annealing temperature of 300 °C had slightly left wavelength which was 380 nm. Annealing temperature would affect only the intensity of PL wavelength. From the results of UV-Vis, it was observed that when the spin speed was increased at same annealing temperature, the band gap was decreased. When the annealing temperature was increased at same spin speed, the band gap was decreased. Piezoelectric test had proven the ZnO film could produce electricity. The maximum voltage (20.7 mV) was produced by the ZnO film with spin speed of 2000 rpm and annealing temperature of 300 °C.
Substrate Placement inside CVD Tube for Graphene Production
Authors: Osman Muhammad Naqib , Ani Mohd Hanafi , Bakar Syed Noh Syed Abu
Published: March 2020

Electronics and energy storage industry demand production of high-quality graphene which currently still a challenge. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has shown promises for high-quality graphene production. However, it involves control of many parameters from different aspects such as thermal fluid, mass transport, and chemical reaction. Thermal fluid aspect plays a significant role in CVD production of graphene but yet to be explored extensively. For a tubular hot-wall CVD with the heating reactor, issue of flow instability that will prolong the existence of vortices and spiral flow until the substrate required attention. Therefore current study aims to find the optimum substrate position inside the furnace. For that purpose the gas flow streamline will be observed, and minimum axial distance of the substrate will be determined. The tubular CVD is modeled using ANSYS Fluent®. The current model will not consider the chemical reaction involves and only single gas is used. This should be enough to seek the influence of thermal fluid aspects involves in CVD. The CVD tube will be divided into 3 sections where the middle part (furnace) was heated up to 1273K and the other two sections were kept at 300K. Gas was supplied to the tube and the distance from the furnace inlet to the point where the flow is fully developed is measured. Streamlines for the flow is also observed. The streamline shows that there is an induced secondary flow starting at the inlet which lasted until a certain axial distance. For flow with 50 sccm of flowrate needs an axial distance of 5 cm while flow with 250 sccm of flowrate needs 7 cm in order to become a smooth flow. Our results show that the placement of the substrate in the tubular hot-wall CVD required attention in CVD design. For flow with higher flowrate, it requires longer distance for the flow to become smooth and laminar and vice versa.
Treatment of spina bifida cystica as used at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital for children London E2
Authors: Behr Janice
Published: March 2020

No abstract available.
The lumbo sacral spine: An approach to treatment
Authors: Winter Brun
Published: March 2020

No abstract available.
A supervisor's view of staff evaluation
Authors: Kenly Judith D.
Published: March 2020

No abstract available.
Ondersoek van die kliniese uitwerkings van verskillende diadinamiese strome op sagteweefselletsels
Authors: Davids L. M.
Published: March 2020

No abstract available.
Young Adults' Perception of Parenting Style
Authors: Rajan Sukanya , Navaneetham Janardhana , Philip Mariamma , Muralidhar D.
Published: March 2020

Introduction:

This study sought to understand the perception of parenting style among young adults using qualitative method.

Methods:

Five focus group discussions were carried out with 29 participants. A self-prepared semi-structured interview, face validated by experts in the field and socio demographic sheet and focus group discussion guide was used for collecting the data. The data were transcribed and thematically analyzed.

Results:

The overarching themes were privacy, control, autonomy, discipline, love, and warmth and unconditional acceptance of parents.

Conclusion:

Sociocultural background and culture seems to be one of the strongest determinants in assessing the perception of parenting style among young adults.
A Review on the Case Studies of Using the Model of Human Occupation
Authors: Cheung Pauline , Fung Xavier C. C.
Published: March 2020

This study aims to understand how a commonly used theory among occupational therapists, the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO), is applied to cases since it was developed. This review used the keywords of “Model of Human Occupation” and “case” to search target articles in three databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, and SCOPUS. Studies were included when the MOHO is adopted in a case with case description. This review included 34 articles with 57 cases: 11 articles published in the 1980s, 13 articles in the 1990s, seven articles in the 2000s, and three articles in the 2010s. These case studies were reported from the United States, Sweden, Germany, Ireland, and Hong Kong. There were 25 cases diagnosed as a mental health problem (including learning disabilities, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, dementia, schizophrenia, borderline personality disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, bipolar disorder, depressive disorder, conduct disorder, substance abuse, and atypical dissociative disorder); 22 cases were diagnosed as having physical health problems, including musculoskeletal pain, hemiplegia, hand dysfunction, stroke, diabetes, HIV infection, chronic fatigue syndrome, and brain injury; eight cases were diagnosed as having both physical and mental health problems. Most studies reported a treatment plan and left five cases with a mental health problem, and two with a physical health problem did not report any treatment plan. All the studies showed that MOHO can improve the health of the cases and assist them to achieve their goal, except for a case with musculoskeletal problem and two cases with multiple mental disorders. In conclusion, this review showed that MOHO is effective for both physical and mental health problems over the years.
Effects of particulate air pollution on tuberculosis development in seven major cities of Korea from 2010 to 2016: methodological considerations involving long-term exposure and time lag
Authors: Kim Honghyok , Yu Sarah , Choi Hongjo
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVES: Epidemiological evidence of associations between ambient particulate matter (PM) and tuberculosis (TB) risk is accumulating. Two previous studies in Korea found associations between air pollution—especially sulfur dioxide (SO2)—and TB. In this study, we conducted an annual time-series cross-sectional study to assess the effect of PM with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm (PM10) on TB risk in seven major cities of Korea from 2010 to 2016, taking into account time lag and long-term cumulative exposure.METHODS: Age-standardized TB notification rates were derived using the Korea National TB Surveillance System. Annual average PM10 concentrations were obtained from annual Korean air quality reports. We applied a generalized linear mixed model with unconstrained distributed lags of exposure to PM10. We adjusted for potential confounders such as age, health behaviors, and area-level characteristics.RESULTS: Both average annual PM10 concentrations and age-standardized TB notification rates decreased over time. The association between cumulative exposure to PM10 and TB incidence became stronger as a longer exposure duration was considered. An increase of one standard deviation (5.63 μg/m3) in PM10 exposure for six years was associated with a 1.20 (95% confidence interval, 1.17 to 1.22) times higher TB notification rate. The marginal association of exposure duration with the TB notification rate was highest at four and five years prior to TB notification. This association remained consistent even after adjusting it for exposure to SO2.CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that cumulative exposure to PM10 may affect TB risk, with a potential lag effect.
Influence of Benzotriazole and Cerium Chloride on Anticorrosion Performance of Cu-0.25Se-0.25Te Alloy in 3.5 wt% NaCl Solution
Authors: Liao Xin , Huang Ruijie , Zhu Dachuan , Yan Qun
Published: March 2020

The effect of the addition of benzotriazole (BTA) or cerium chloride separately and in combination on the anticorrosion performance of Cu-Se-Te alloy in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution has been investigated. The results show that the addition of either BTA or cerium chloride significantly reduces the corrosion rate of Cu-0.25Se-0.25Te, but BTA exhibits a better inhibition effect. Meanwhile, scanning electron microscope analysis displays that the separate addition of BTA or cerium chloride makes the depth of corrosion pit of the sample decrease and the corroded surface smooth. With the combination of BTA and cerium chloride rising, the surface of the sample becomes much flatter and no obvious corrosion pit is found. Energy dispersive spectrum and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses suggest that when BTA and cerium chloride are added together, CeO2, Ce(OH)3, or complex formed by Ce and BTA might deposit on the surface of copper alloy, which induces the passivation film on the surface of the alloy to become denser and enhances the binding strength of the interface between the surface film and the matrix, thus improving the corrosion inhibition performance of the complex system.
Interventions Supporting Mental Health and Positive Behavior in Children Ages Birth–5 Yr: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kingsley Karrie , Sagester Grace , Weaver Lindy L.
Published: March 2020

Importance: It is critical for providers to use evidence-based interventions to address mental health and behavioral barriers to occupational performance during early childhood.

Objective: To identify evidence-based interventions within the scope of occupational therapy practice to improve mental health and positive behavior for children ages 0–5 yr and their families.

Data Sources: PsycINFO, Cochrane, ERIC, MEDLINE, and OTseeker databases were searched for publications from 2010 through March 2017.

Study Selection and Data Collection: This review was completed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed for each article using either A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) or the Cochrane method. Articles meeting inclusion criteria were critically appraised.

Findings: Forty-six articles met inclusion criteria and were organized into three themes: touch-based interventions (n = 9), parent–child interaction therapy (PCIT; n = 4), and instruction-based interventions (n = 33). Statistically significant findings and overall risk of bias supported the use of touch-based interventions, PCIT, and parent training.

Conclusions and Relevance: The evidence indicates that touch-based interventions can improve infant self-regulation (strong), social behavior, and attachment (moderate) and reduce maternal stress, anxiety, and depression (low). Moderate-strength evidence supports PCIT to improve child behavior. The evidence indicates that parent training can improve parent behavior, maternal–infant attachment (strong), and parent mental health (moderate). Teacher training can improve mental health and behavior (moderate). Group-based parent training and sleep training have insufficient support (low).

What This Article Adds: Occupational therapy professionals working with children younger than age 5 yr can use the results of this systematic review to guide clinical decision making related to mental health and behavioral outcomes.
Investigating ENSO and its teleconnections under climate change in an ensemble view – a new perspective
Authors: Haszpra Tímea , Herein Mátyás , Bódai Tamás
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The changes in the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon and its precipitation-related teleconnections over the globe under climate change are investigated in the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble from 1950 to 2100. For the investigation, a recently developed ensemble-based method, the snapshot empirical orthogonal function (SEOF) analysis, is used. The instantaneous ENSO pattern is defined as the leading mode of the SEOF analysis carried out at a given time instant over the ensemble. The corresponding principal components (PC1s) characterize the ENSO phases. By considering sea surface temperature (SST) regression maps, we find that the largest changes in the typical amplitude of SST fluctuations occur in the June–July–August–September (JJAS) season, in the Niño3–Niño3.4 (5∘ N–5∘ S, 170–90∘ W; NOAA Climate Prediction Center) region, and the western part of the Pacific Ocean; however, the increase is also considerable along the Equator in December–January–February (DJF). The Niño3 amplitude also shows an increase of about 20 % and 10 % in JJAS and DJF, respectively. The strength of the precipitation-related teleconnections of the ENSO is found to be nonstationary, as well. For example, the anticorrelation with precipitation in Australia in JJAS and the positive correlation in central and northern Africa in DJF are predicted to be more pronounced by the end of the 21th century. Half-year-lagged correlations, aiming to predict precipitation conditions from ENSO phases, are also studied. The Australian and Indonesian precipitation and that of the eastern part of Africa in both JJAS and DJF seem to be well predictable based on the ENSO phase, while the southern Indian precipitation relates to the half-year previous ENSO phase only in DJF. The strength of these connections increases, especially from the African region to the Arabian Peninsula.
Calibrating large-ensemble European climate projections using observational data
Authors: O'Reilly Christopher H. , Befort Daniel J. , Weisheimer Antje
Published: March 2020

Abstract. This study examines methods of calibrating projections of future regional climate using large single model ensembles (the CESM Large Ensemble and MPI Grand Ensemble), applied over Europe. The three calibration methods tested here are more commonly used for initialised forecasts from weeks up to seasonal timescales. The calibration techniques are applied to ensemble climate projections, fitting seasonal ensemble data to observations over a reference period (1920–2016). The calibration methods were tested and verified using an imperfect model approach using the historical/RCP 8.5 simulations from the CMIP5 archive. All the calibration methods exhibit a similar performance, generally improving the out-of-sample projections in comparison to the uncalibrated (bias-corrected) ensemble. The calibration methods give results that are largely indistinguishable from one another, so the simplest of these methods, namely Homogeneous Gaussian Regression, is used for the subsequent analysis. An extension to this method – applying it to dynamically decomposed data (in which the underlying data is separated into dynamical and residual components) – is also tested. The verification indicates that this calibration method produces more reliable and accurate projections than the uncalibrated ensemble for future climate over Europe. The calibrated projections for temperature demonstrate a particular improvement, whereas the projections for changes in precipitation generally remain fairly unreliable. When the two large ensembles are calibrated using observational data, the climate projections for Europe are far more consistent between the two ensembles, with both projecting a reduction in warming but a general increase in the uncertainty of the projected changes.
Strong changes in englacial temperatures despite insignificant changes in ice thickness at Dôme du Goûter glacier (Mont Blanc area)
Authors: Vincent Christian , Gilbert Adrien , Jourdain Bruno , Piard Luc , Ginot Patrick , Mikhalenko Vladimir , Possenti Philippe , Le Meur Emmanuel , Laarman Olivier , Six Delphine
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The response of very-high-elevation glaciated areas on Mont Blanc to climate
change has been analysed using observations and numerical modelling over the
last 2 decades. Unlike the changes at low elevations, we observe very low
glacier thickness changes, of about −2.6 m on average since 1993. The
slight changes in horizontal ice flow velocities and submergence velocities
suggest a decrease of about 10 % in ice flux and surface mass balance.
This is due to less snow accumulation and is consistent with the
precipitation decrease observed in meteorological data. Conversely,
measurements performed in deep boreholes since 1994 reveal strong changes in
englacial temperature reaching a 1.5 ∘C increase at a depth of 50 m. We conclude that at such very high elevations, current changes in climate
do not lead to visible changes in glacier thickness but cause invisible
changes within the glacier in terms of englacial temperatures. Our analysis
from numerical modelling shows that glacier near-surface temperature warming
is enhanced by increasing melt frequency at high elevations although the
impact on surface mass balance is low. This results in a non-linear response
of englacial temperature to currently rising air temperatures. In addition,
borehole temperature inversion including a new dataset confirms previous
findings of similar air temperature changes at high and low elevations in
the Alps.
The Sublime as a Response to Terror: A Study of Empiricism and Transcendence in Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer’s “El monte de las ánimas”
Authors: DeVirgilis Megan
Published: March 2020

This paper studies the relationship between 18th century Enlightenment philosophy and 19th century Romantic expression by relating the Burkean and Kantian conceptualizations of the sublime to Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer’s leyenda, “El monte de las ánimas.” Although Burke opts for an empirical approach while Kant takes a transcendental approach, both theories highlight the contradictory philosophical platform of the Enlightenment: individual>society. The shift in focus from the social to the individual is evidenced in 19th century literary production through Bécquer’s treatment of the relationship between the subject and the empirical and metaphysical worlds. In this paper, this relationship is studied through the representations of objects and sounds that are all used to inspire one sensation: terror. These representations convey the menacing aspects of nature, break the boundaries of time and space, and juxtapose reality and unreality. In this way, the analysis suggests that the narrative and descriptive techniques used to represent the terror experienced by the characters aim to inspire a similar effect on the reader, while also indicating that the philosophy of the Enlightenment provides the theoretical underpinnings for Romantic expression in the 19th century.
El Análisis Contrastivo como herramienta para facilitar el plurilingüismo: el caso del artículo en árabe y en español
Authors: Boillos María del Mar
Published: March 2020

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar algunos de los beneficios que puede reportar el análisis contrastivo para la docencia de los profesores de español lengua extranjera a araboparlantes en sus países de origen. Siguiendo como eje el concepto de plurilingüismo establecido por el MCER (Marco común europeo de referencia para las lenguas: aprendizaje, enseñanza, evaluación) y el de conciencia lingüística, se presenta un ejemplo de cómo el conocimiento de los profesores de las similitudes y diferencias entre los usos de las formas lingüísticas puede contribuir al desarrollo de metodologías en las que se potencia el desarrollo de la competencia plurilingüe de los alumnos. Una competencia en la que los contenidos lingüísticos ayudan a lograr un mayor éxito comunicativo. En este caso, se estudiará la aportación del análisis contrastivo de los artículos definidos en ambas lenguas y su explotación desde el punto de vista estratégico.

The aim of this article is to present the benefits of contrastive analysis studies in teaching Spanish as a foreign language to Arab-speaking students in their home countries. Considering the concept of multilingualism set by the CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment) and the notion of language awareness, this research is an example of how teachers’ knowledge of the similarities and differences between the uses of linguistic forms may contribute to the development of multilingual awareness of students. At the same time, linguistic contents will help to achieve a greater communicative success. In this case, we will consider the contributions of contrastive analysis of definite articles in both languages and its operation from the strategic standpoint.
Confección de una ficha terminológica del cambio climático y el efecto invernadero
Authors: Livingstone Kerwin A.
Published: March 2020

Esta presente labor tiene como finalidad presentar la confección de una ficha terminológica que muestra la recopilación de 100 términos de un campo especializado, las ciencias del medio ambiente. Para este estudio, el ámbito considerado es la contaminación de la atmósfera, el cambio climático y efecto invernadero. Se da un esbozo sobre los orígenes de la terminología y su necesidad absoluta en el siglo actual por algunos proponentes más importantes del área. Se proporcionan los procedimientos realizados en este trabajo con fines de dar como resultado una ficha elaborada. Igualmente, se mencionan las fases obligatorias en la elaboración de glosarios, diccionarios y listados especializados tanto como los componentes imprescindibles que se deben tomar en cuenta al momento de crear una ficha terminológica. Luego, se presenta un análisis de los resultados de la fabricación de la ficha mediante tablas y gráficos, y una discusión sobre los resultados obtenidos. Se establecen la importancia y la envergadura de esta investigación para todos los interesados en trabajos de tal carácter. Finalmente, se da una muestra de la ficha terminológica confeccionada a través de la recopilación de dos términos especializados.

The objective of this present work is to produce a terminology record that highlights the collection of 100 terms from a specialized field, that is, environmental science. For this study, the area under consideration is air pollution, climate change and the greenhouse effect”. An outline is given, as it relates to the origins of terminology, and its absolute necessity in this century, by some of the leading proponents in this ambit. The procedures performed in this work are also discussed, with the aim of arriving at a compiled record. Mentioned also are the obligatory steps required for the preparation of glossaries, dictionaries and specialized listings, as well as the essential components which must be taken into account when creating a terminology record. An analysis of the results of the created record is then presented by means of tables and graphs, followed by a discussion of the results. The importance and scope of this research are established for all those interested in works of such character. Finally, a sample of 2 specialized terms is given from the compiled glossary.
Espacios geográficos e ideológicos en la novela cubana de la postrevolución: la zona intermedia de Prisionero del agua de Alexis Díaz Pimienta
Authors: Arbolay Alfonso Lizandro
Published: March 2020

Partiendo de un breve repaso espacial de la producción novelística cubana posterior a 1959, este ensayo analiza el tratamiento dicotómico de las grandes urbes como marcos de creación y recreación literaria enfatizando las representaciones de La Habana y Miami como ciudades-símbolos, y el auge de una corriente novelística intermedia tipificada en la novela Prisionero del agua de Alexis Díaz Pimienta.
After reviewing the treatment of space in the Cuban novels written after 1959, this paper examines the dichotomous representation of two cities, Havana and Miami, as ideological symbols and the rise of a transitional novelistic movement with Prisionero del agua by Alexis Díaz Pimienta.
Heritage Language Learners and Automaticity: The Use of "por" and "para"
Authors: Trujillo Valerie J.
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of the Spanish prepositions por and para (P&P) by heritage-language (HL) learners to analyze whether they demonstrate automaticity in their application, as is common with L1 Spanish speakers (i.e. “it just sounds right”), or if they rely on the conscious, declarative knowledge of the prescriptive uses of these prepositions, as is common with speakers for whom Spanish is an L2. Upper and lower HL learners and upper and lower FL learners (non-HL learners) were asked to complete a cloze test and a grammaticality judgment task and were asked to explain their judgments. The explanations given by students provide a glimpse into the type of knowledge, whether declarative or procedural, that students tap into when using P&P. This study found that while FL learners relied on declarative knowledge in the application of P&P, HL learners demonstrated a level of automaticity and procedural knowledge in their use of these prepositions. This suggests that HL learners have internalized the uses of P&P though communicative exposure throughout their childhood, which may be more effective than the explicit instruction FL learners have received on these structures. This study aims to add to the growing body of literature on heritage language processes and development.
Editing Arrington
Authors: Bergera Gary James
Published: March 2020

In the 1990s, editor Lavina Fielding Anderson started a section in the Journal of Mormon History that she called Encounter. She asked an author of a biography and/or an edited collection of papers to explain what she described as the “Encounter.” As she wrote in her explanatory letter: “The focus is not on the life and achievements of the subject but the struggle to understand that person’s mind. Usually, but not always, it’s a broadening and enriching experience for the biographer, who learns more about himself or herself in the process.” She offered some possible questions: “Did you like the subject? Trust him/her? Respect him/her? Find parts of his/her life mystifying and even distasteful? What was the dynamic between your personal and professional values system and the personality that became apparent to you as you studied your subject? What did that kind of encounter teach you, and what reflections do you have about the value of such an encounter, not only for the readers of your book, but also for readers of history in general?”

The Journal is reintroducing this section on an occasional basis. We start with Gary James Bergera’s reflection on editing Leonard J. Arrington’s diaries. Bergera won the Best Documentary awards from the Utah State Historical Society and the John Whitmer Historical Association in 2019.
Health System Preparedness for Screening of Cervical Cancer: Situational Analysis in Tribal District of Gujarat State, India
Authors: Parmar Chandni P , Saiyed Shahin L , Vora Kranti S
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Cervical cancer control program is well implemented prevention and control programme by health system in India. The study is to understand the health system situation for implementation of the programme as per WHO Framework theme and findings. The second objective is to propose Screening Model in one of the tribal district of Gujarat.

Methodology: Cross sectional study was done in randomly selected blocks of Aravalli district. Data were collected by using quantitative facility checklist and questionnaires for health care providers, health official were interviewed by using semi structured questionnaire. Secondary data review was conducted to understand financial condition and reporting mechanism.

Results: Majority of Health facilities have basic infrastructure to carry out screening programme for cervical cancer, although only 2% health institution are providing pap smear services. A few women are being screened. Lack of community awareness, Lack of skill based training and awareness among health care professionals for screening methods for cervical cancer were the most common reasons reported in our study.

Conclusion: The study suggested urgent need to generate demand from the community by increasing community participation, provide skill based training and motivation for work among health care providers to increase uptake of screening for cervical cancer programme to reduce mortality among women.
A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess the Gaming Disorder and Problematic Usage of Mobile Phones among College Students of Hubli-Dharwad
Authors: Joshi Anjana R , Bant Dattatreya D
Published: March 2020

Background: Gaming disorder has been included as a mental health disorder by WHO in ICD 11 revision. There is increased dependence on mobile phones, video games, and the internet among all age groups. Excessive use of mobile phones and gaming affects the physical, mental health and social life

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of gaming disorder and problematic usage of mobile phones, and to assess the common health problems faced after prolonged usage.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 220 students of Hubli-Dharwad studying in various degree courses using a predesigned semi-structured questionnaire. The Ten-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10) scale and Problematic Usage of Mobile Phone (PUMP) scale were used in the study

Results: Out of 220 college students 52.3% were girls and 47.7% were boys. The mean game scoring was 2.11±2.18, and the mean problematic mobile usage score was 50.60±11.282, the prevalence of gaming disorder was 15%. The PUMP score was high among those who had gaming disorder. 74%of the participants complained one or the other health problems, most common being sleep disturbance.

Conclusion: The problematic mobile usage and gaming disorder is high among students. A proper supportive environment is needed in the college and also in their homes.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Single Use Plastics among the Residents of a Rural Area in a Coastal District of Karnataka - A Descriptive Study
Authors: Shaira Habeena , Ismail Imaad Mohammed , Ahmed Nihal , Zeena Noorul , Arooj Peer , Shreya Poojary , Shafir Reiham , Nazeer Rahima
Published: March 2020

Background: The consumption of single-use-plastics is on the rise globally. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice on single-use-plastics among the residents of a rural area in a coastal district of Karnataka. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2019 among the residents of Madani Nagar. Data was collected by interviewing any adult member of the house aged more than 18 years using a standardised application called Epicollect 5. Results: A total of 319 residents participated in the study. More than 70% were aware that single-use-plastics cause’s harmful effects on health but more than 95% were unaware that plastic causes global warming and climatic change in the environment. The attitude towards the single-use-plastic was satisfactory since 80% of them were of opinion that single-use-plastic should be banned and more than 60% were willing to replace the plastic bag with an alternative. Practice was found to be poor since 82.4% were using plastic bag on regularly basis. Conclusions: The overall knowledge regarding single-use-plastic was inadequate, attitude was favourable and practices were unsatisfactory. Awareness regarding single-use-plastics and its harm and strict enforcement of plastic ban is the need of the hour.
A Behavioral Model for Analysis and Intervention of Healthy Dietary Behavior
Authors: Wang Jian
Published: March 2020

Proper diet is an important way to improve and maintain health, which involves the comprehensive matching of food (category, quantity) and individual (physical fitness, health). Behavior is the key point to achieve this matching. Without behavior change, all cognition and motivations can’t get any tangible health benefits. The aim of this study was to construct a model for analysis and intervention of healthy dietary behavior (HDB). Based on the Integrated Behavioral Model (IBM), Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and Satter’s hierarchy of food needs, this study abstracted the characteristics of longevity, specificity and uncertainty of Healthy Dietary Behavior, constructed a Healthy Dietary Behavioral Model (HDBM), divided 9 negative behaviors of healthy diet (NBHD), and put forward 9 behavior interventions, which could provide ideas for change and habit formation of HDB.
The Relationship Among Sleep Quality, the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale, Abstinence Self-efficacy, and Quality of Life with Alcohol Use Disorder in South Korea
Authors: Song EunJu
Published: March 2020

Many patients with alcohol use disorder experienced insomnia or sleep disturbances. However, their sleep problems rarely addressed in the treatment process. It may prove beneficial if treatment programs should intend to help prevent the recurrence of alcohol use disorder by solving patients’ sleep-induced problems and accordingly include appropriate sleep interventions. The present study employed a descriptive design and conducted a cross-sectional survey to assess the relationship among sleep quality, score on the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES), abstinence self-efficacy, and quality of life in inpatients with alcohol use disorders. Data were collected from June to August 2018, from 117 patients admitted to the psychiatric ward for alcohol-use patients in two mental hospitals in South Korea. Sleep quality was significantly correlated with the SOCRATES score (r = .247, p = .007) and quality of life (r = -.346, p = .001). However, it showed no relationship with abstinence self-efficacy (r = -.066, p = .477). These findings suggest that abstinence programs need to employ a comprehensive approach instead of primarily focusing on maintaining abstinence and cessation of alcohol use. However, both sleep disturbances and alcohol abstinence require patience and prolonged treatment. Thus, it is a challenge to design concrete interventions to address the sleep problems experienced by patients with alcohol use disorder.
A Review of the Literature on Corruption in Healthcare Organizations
Authors: Sforza Vincenzo , Cimini Riccardo , Mechelli Alessandro , Vian Taryn
Published: March 2020

This paper provides a systematic and bibliometric review of 80 research articles on corruption in healthcare published in peer-reviewed journals between 2006 and 2017. Findings suggest that the number of studies has increased over time with a focus on low- and middle-income countries; academic researchers have published papers in a large variety of journals and have investigated different types of corruption with various methodologies. The interest is especially focused on low- and middle-income countries where corrupt behaviors are more common. The paper suggests future research directions to a dynamic research community to facilitate anticorruption actions by public authorities.
A Matter of Pure Conscience? Franz Wieacker and his “Conceptual Change” [CRITIQUE]
Authors: Giaro Tomasz
Published: March 2020

Based on a recent biography of Franz Wieacker (1908–1994) two central questions are examined. Is it allowed to analyze a young, but already prominent German law professor of the Nazi era as a pure scholar whose identity remained unchanged from the times of Weimar to the Federal Republic of Germany? Is it plausible to treat the Nazis as progenitors of current European legal history, and in particular as founding fathers of European legal tradition?
Patient Rights Within the System of Legal Aid. A Starting Point Towards Medical Anthropology
Authors: Bartnik Adriana Sylwia , Kmieciak Błażej , Kowalska Katarzyna Julia
Published: March 2020

Paper expounds upon the problem of patient rights, taking particular account of the right to information: on one’s state of health, examination, diagnosis, proposed and practicable diagnostic methods, proposed and practicable medical methods, prognosis. The authors also pinpoint that, in a broader context, free legal aid centres operating under the 2015 Act might face up to issues pertaining to patient rights. An answer is also sought to the question of how the realization of the right to information could be enhanced, and the authors furnish recommendations on the matter.
Can Duress Exclude Criminal Responsibility of Former Child Soldiers? The Case of Dominic Ongwen Before the International Criminal Court
Authors: Gacka Patryk
Published: March 2020

The phenomenon of child soldiers encompasses up to half a million of adolescents around the world and is – without a doubt – one of the most pressing humanitarian problems of contemporary armed conflicts. This article aims at addressing this issue by examining an ongoing trial of Dominic Ongwen before the International Criminal Court. The first part is dedicated to the description of Dominic Ongwen’s life through the prism of the ‘victim’ and ‘perpetrator’ labels. In this respect I try to prove that in many situations these two labels do not fit the social reality which they are supposed to classify or categorize. In the second part, I refer to the taxonomy of defences, justifications, excuses and grounds for excluding criminal responsibility in domestic and international criminal law. I also analyse concepts of duress and necessity as they are codified in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. On these basis, I give a negative answer to the question if Dominic Ongwen will be able to effectively invoke one of these defences in order to limit or exclude his criminal responsibility, while in conclusions I also provide a short assessment of ‘the law as it is’.
Right to Sustainable Development as One of the Rights of Humanity
Authors: Ivankiv Iryna
Published: March 2020

Right of humanity to development is described within the global search for responses to the planetary challenges. The idea of the rights of humanity is an attempt to propose the new approach to human rights protection, based on global interdependency. The article offers analysis of soft law documents on human right to development, as well as regional instruments for protection of human and peoples’ rights. It is argued that right to sustainable development viewed as a right of humanity may create a broader mechanism of protection both for individual human being and humanity in general.
Intricacies of Significant Imbalance as the Cornerstone of Protection against Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts under EU Law
Authors: Sitnik Piotr
Published: March 2020

Significant imbalance in the rights and obligations of the parties to a consumer contract term is, together with good faith, a fundamental pillar of substantive protection against unfair terms. It is the primary tool provided by Council Directive 93/13/EEC of 5 April 1993 on unfair terms in consumer contracts with a view to mitigating differences in bargaining power between professional traders and consumer on the ever-expanding capitalistic market within the EU. The paper comprehensively reviews the meaning of the “significant imbalance” element by reference to a cross-section of judgments handed by the CJEU and Polish courts. Generally, albeit with a few notable exceptions, the former court has engaged in a subjective-objective exercise aimed at discovering what the balance of rights and obligations would have been between the parties in the particular dispute at hand had it not been for the purportedly unfair clause. Besides that, the requirement has been utilized to impose ad bolster a host of information duties levied on traders so that protection is extended to cases where the consumer is unaware of their rights or are deterred from enforcing them due to procedural obstacles or prohibitive costs of judicial or administrative proceedings. The requirement of significant balance, rooted in the idea that the disproportion of market power between the parties to a disputed term necessitates government or judicial intervention to achieve or restore contractual equilibrium, is shown from a plethora of angles: its ideological foundations, practical connotations, its emphasis on consumer vulnerability and approach to economic power. Assistance and inspiration re gleaned from Polish jurisprudence where numerous questions either unanswered by the CJEU or left to the consideration of national courts, particularly the relation between reasonableness, on the one hand, and significant imbalance and good faith on the other, as well as between significant imbalance and good faith, have been tackled.
Regulation of Administrative Fines in the Polish Code of Administrative Procedure
Authors: Stankiewicz Rafał
Published: March 2020

This article presents the problems of administrative fines in the Code of Administrative Procedure. These solutions were introduced to this act in 2017. The amendment to the Code of Administrative Procedure provided for the introduction of a new section (Section VIa), the provisions of which lay down the rules for imposing administrative penalties, ie penalties, cases justifying waiving the imposition of a penalty and granting the public administration authority the prescription, limitation of the imposition and enforcement of the penalty, and also the rules of postponement, payment in installments and cancellation of penalties. This article presents only selected issues of the regulation of imposing administrative fines in the Code of Administrative Procedure.
Talus Fracture Accompanied by Irreducible Dislocation of Talar Trochlea – Treatment Strategy
Authors: Poszepczyński Jan , Andrzejewski Krzysztof , Rokicki Robert , Krzymiński( Michał , Grabowski Radosław , Lesman Jędrzej , Domżalski Marcin
Published: March 2020

A talus fracture accompanied by trochlear dislocation is an ever-present therapeutic problem as it requires immediate surgery since any delay may result in necrosis of soft tissues and the talus, which, consequently, leads to permanent disability. Of crucial importance in the treatment of such injury is accurate analysis of fracture morphology, immediate institution of treatment and minimally invasive surgery allowing early movement of the affected limb. We operated on a male patient after a high-energy injury using a low-invasive method we had modified, which allowed for early kinesiotherapy. The functional outcome of the procedure was very good.
Effects of vitamin A supplementation in the diet of breeding geese on offspring intestinal tissue morphology and immune performance
Authors: Yang Haiming , Liang Jingru , Dai Hang , Wan Xiaoli , Wang Zhiyue
Published: March 2020

Objective: The effects of maternal and offspring dietary vitamin A (VA) supplementation on early body weight, digestive tract function and immune function in goslings were studied.Methods: Yangzhou geese (180 d old) were randomly divided into 5 experimental groups of 15 females and 3 males (the males were kept until slaughter). Eggs were collected for hatching during the peak laying period. A total of 96 goslings were selected from each treatment group (each fed a basic diet supplemented with 0, 4,000, 8,000, 12,000 or 16,000 IU/kg VA) and randomly divided into 2 groups, with 6 replicates in each group and 8 goslings in each replicate. The gosling diet was supplemented with 0 or 9,000 IU/kg VA.Results: i) Villus length, villus width and the muscle thickness of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were increased and the crypt depth was reduced after adding 12,000 IU/kg VA to the goslings’ diet (p<0.05). Adding 9,000 IU/kg VA to the offspring diet increased the length of the duodenal villi and width of the ileum and decreased the crypt depth of the ileum (p<0.05). ii) Supplementing the maternal diet with 12,000 IU/kg VA increased immune organ weight, the immune organ index and immunoglobulin content in goslings (p<0.05). The bursa weight and immunoglobulin G content of offspring were higher in the 9,000 IU/kg VA supplementation group than in the group with no supplementation (p<0.05).Conclusion: Offspring growth and development were affected by the amount of VA added into maternal diet. The negative effect of maternal VA deficiency on offspring can be compensated by adding VA to the offspring diet. Continued VA supplementation in the offspring diet after excessive VA supplementation in the maternal diet is unfavorable for gosling growth and development.
Extrusion enhances apparent metabolizable energy, ileal protein and amino acid digestibility of palm kernel cake in broilers
Authors: Faridah Hanim Shakirin , Goh Yong Meng , Noordin Mohamed Mustapha , Liang Juan Boo
Published: March 2020

Objective: This study consisted of two stages; the first was to determine the effect of extrusion and sieving treatments on the chemical properties of palm kernel cake (PKC), and accordingly, a follow-up experiment (second stage) was conducted to determine and compare the apparent metabolizable energy (AME), and protein and amino acid digestibility of extruded and sieved PKC.Methods: Two physical treatments, namely extrusion (using temperature profiles of 90°C/100°C/100°C, 90°C/100°C/110°C, and 90°C/100°C/120°C) and sieving (to 8 particles sizes ranging from >8.00 to 0.15 mm) were carried out to determine their effects on chemical properties, primarily crude protein (CP) and fiber contents of PKC. Based on the results from the above study, PKC that extruded with temperature profile 90/100/110°C and of sieved size between 1.5 to 0.15 mm (which made up of near 60% of total samples) were used to determine treatments effect on AME and CP and amino acid digestibility. The second stage experiment was conducted using 64 male Cobb 500 chickens randomly assigned to 16 cages (4 cages [or replicates] per treatment) to the following four dietary groups: i) basal (control) diet, ii) basal diet containing 20% untreated PKC, iii) basal diet containing 20% extruded PKC (EPKC), and iv) basal diet containing 20% sieved PKC (SPKC).Results: Extrusion and sieving had no effect on CP and ash contents of PKC, however, both treatments reduced (p<0.05) crude fiber by 21% and 19%, respectively. Overall, extrusion and sieving reduced content of most of the amino acids except for aspartate, glutamate, alanine and lysine which increased, while serine, cysteine and tryptophan remained unchanged. Extrusion resulted in 6% increase (p<0.05) in AME and enhanced CP digestibility (p<0.05) by 32%, as compared to the untreated PKC while sieving had no effect on AME but improved CP digestibility by 39% which was not significantly different from that by extrusion.Conclusion: Extrusion is more effective than sieving and serves as a practical method to enhance AME and digestibility of CP and several amino acids in broiler chickens.