bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HISTOCHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDY ON ADENYLATE CYCLASE AND 5′‐NUCLEOTIDASE ACTIVITY IN THYROID GLANDS WITH NORMAL AND VARIOUS THYROID DISEASES
Authors: Mizukami Yuji
Published: December 2008

The adenylate cyclase and 5′‐nucleotidase activity was measured biochemically in the thyroid glands from patients with various thyroid diseases in comparison with normal thyroid. The basal adenylate cyclase activity in normal thyroid was 159.3 p‐moles cAMP/min./g tissue. The activity was elevated to 230% of basal with 20 mM NaF and 190% of basal with 100 mU/ml TSH. These values in chronic thyroiditis and Graves’disease were not significantly different from the values of normal thyroid. In adenomatous goiter, adenoma and carcinoma, the basal adenylate cyclase activity was significantly higher than that of normal thyroid. Parallel to the biochemical determination of both enzyme activities, the distribution of histochemically demonstrable adenylate cyclase and 5′‐nucleotidase activity was described in the follicular cells with normal and various thyroid diseases. The reaction product of adenylate cyclase and 5′‐nucleotidase activity was restricted to the plasma membrane of the follicular cells. However, the distribution and intensity of the adenylate cyclase reaction varied in each thyroid disease, except for the absence of reaction product in the basal plasma membrane. The lack of demonstrable adenylate cyclase activity in the basal plasma membrane suggests the possibility that the basal plasma membrane may not play an important role of TSH‐reception.
FOAMY CELLS IN ITP SPLEENS AND IN GRANULOMAS INDUCED BY MURINE PLATELETS, COMMERCIALIZED PHOSPHOLIPIDS, AND ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE
Authors: Ishihara Tokuhiro , Akizuki Shin'ichiro , Yamanami Sadayoshi , Yamashita Yoshimi , Yokota Tadaaki , Okuzono Yoshiko , Takahashi Mutsuo , Kamei Toshiaki , Uchino Fumiya , Matsumoto Noboru
Published: December 2008

A large number of foamy cells were noted in the spleens from fourteen ITP patients, and two patients ‐who received a large amount of platelet rich plasma. Using the unlabelled immunoperoxidase method, these foamy cells were shown to contain platelet antigen. Platelets in varying stages of intracellular digestion, from intact‐apperaring forms to myelin‐like materials, were disclosed in foamy cells.

Foamy cells were experimentally induced in granulomas by subcutaneous injection of platelets with or without accompanied administration of steroid, the platelets reacted with anti‐murine platelet antibody, commercialized phospholipids (PE, PC, SM, PS, and the mixture of them), and the red blood cell membrane. The foamy cells induced by the subcutaneous injection of platelets are similar to those in the spleens of ITP patients. The lipid in foamy cells is chiefly derived from the membrane phospholipid of injected platelets. Concentric myelin‐like materials were also noted in the foamy cells after injection of erythrocyte membrane. The myelin‐like materials in these foamy cells are similar to those appearing in macrophages following injection of PC and SM. This suggests that these phospholipids derived from cell membrane are more resistant to intracellular digestion by lysosomal enzymes. We conclude that the foamy appearance of the cordal macrophage in ITP spleens results from incomplete intracellular degradation of platelet membrane.
PAPILLARY TUMOR OF THE BROAD LIGAMENT
Authors: Yamazaki Kazuto , Watanabe Yonosuke , Imagawa Kenichiro
Published: December 2008

A 43‐year‐old woman received a hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy for a cystic turror of the right broad ligament. The tumor, measuring 10 cm in diameter, was apart from the ovaries, oviducts, or uterus. The cyst wall had well‐developed smooth muscle layers. Cells lining the cyst were benign‐looking, relatively low columnar type, and were compatible with those of mesonephric origin. From the inner surface of the cyst numerous cauliflowerlike structures projected into the lumen. These were predominantly papillary architecture covered by epithelial cells with occasional solid or glandular growth. Although structural and cellular atypism may suggest its malignant nature, the validity for frank malignancy of the present tumor could not be gained because of the absence of capsular invasion and metastasis. So, the diagnosis of papillary tumor of borderline malignancy was made. It may be safely assumed that the papillary tumor arose in a preexisting parovarian cyst of mesonephric origin.
SECONDARY SYSTEMIC AMYLOIDOSIS WITH HODGKIN'S DISEASE
Authors: Hiasa Yoshio , Konishi Noboru , Kitahori Yoshiteru , Yuasa Takashi , Fujita Toyohisa , Hirao Yoshihiko , Okajima Eigoro , Morita Hiroshi , Tamura Masahiro
Published: December 2008

A case of Hodgkin's disease with amyloidosis in various organs in a 68‐year‐old Japanese man is reported. The initial sign was dysuria followed by diarrhea, melena, and ileus. There was no history of pulmonary tuberculosis or rheumatoid arthritis. Autopsy findings suggested that Hodgkin's disease may have been the initial disease in development of secondary systemic amyloidosis, fallowed by dysuria and paralytic ileus.
ORCEIN POSITIVE HEPATOCELLULAR MATERIAL IN THE LIVER With Special Reference to Its Relationship with Human Lipofuscin
Authors: Tanaka Kaoru , Mori Wataru
Published: December 2008

Histopathological relationship between orcein positive hepatocellular material (ophm) reported by SIPPONEN and human lipofuscin (hip) was investigated. Ophm was found to be very similar to hip of the liver as well as of heart muscle cell morphologically and histochemically, and it seems to be quite rational to consider that ophm may be a substance which belongs to the lysosome series comprising hip and prelipofuscin. Ophm has been discussed often from a view point of copper contents, which was considered to be one of its specific characters, but it has become clear that hip can also possess copper according to our Investigation and to some reports of other researchers. This fact throws a doubt on the significance of the specific relation between ophm and copper, as well as the usability of orcein stain for detecting copper in histological specimens.

Victoria blue stain is quite useful for the detection of hip including ophm, since it gives a blue color for it with a good contrast against red colored cytoplasm and nucleus. However, this can not be considered as a method for specific stain of copper either.
FLORID DUCT LESIONS AND EXTENSIVE BILE DUCT LOSS OF THE INTRAHEPATIC BILIARY TREE IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES OTHER THAN PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS
Authors: Nakanuma Yasuni , Ohta Goroku , Takeshita Haruo , Yamazaki Yoshikiyo , Doishita Kenji , Shimizu Masaru
Published: December 2008

Intrahepatic biliary tree with either florid duct lesions or a moderate to severe degree of the duct loss in four livers with chronic hepatic diseases other than primary biliary cirrhosis were studied with histometric and serial section observations. Florid duct lesions, distributed segmentally in the liver, were found in one case with incomplete septal cirrhosis and one case with idiopathic portal hypertension. The florid duct lesions including marked plasma cell infiltration and occasional periductal granulomas, were not associated with any bile duct loss in the two cases. The duct lesions were reversible in one case during a long clinical course. On the other hand, a moderate to severe bile duct loss with biliary epithelial degeneration and necrosis was associated with no or little periductal inflammatory cell infiltration in one other case with chronic intrahepatic cholestasis, probably drug‐induced, and in one case with idiopathic portal hypertension. Although florid duct lesions and bile duct loss were important diagnostic features of primary biliary cirrhosis, one of them was observed to develop independently in severely diseased livers, not consistent with a diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis, sclerosing cholangitis or intrahepatic bile duct paucity syndrome.
FOCAL HYPERPLASIA OF INTRACYTOPLASMIC FILAMENTS IN THE CANINE PARATHYROID GLAND TREATED WITH NALIDIXIC ACID
Authors: Yasuda Hitoshi , Taniguchi Yuzo , Shigeta Yukio
Published: December 2008

Focal hyperplasia of intracytoplasmic filaments of 100Å in diameter was observed within chief cells of the parathyroid gland in dogs treated with nalidixic acid. The structure, as a rule, was located in the neighborhood of the nucleus and no other cell organelles were detected within it. Its size had a wide spectrum from a small part of the cytoplasm to as large as half a cell. Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum in the involved cells had a tendency to arophy. These cells occasionally contained less secretory granules. Lipid droplets are diffusely increased. The pathogenesis and significance of the present intracytoplasmic filaments remain to be determined. However, as lipid deposition, atrophy of Golgi apparatus, poorly developed rough endoplasmic reticulum occur in a hypofunctional or degenerative state, it might be possible that filamentous hyperplasia is closely associated with that state.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS With Special Reference to Localization of Immunoglobulins, Secretory Component, and Lysozyme in View of Suffering Periods
Authors: Uchima Hisataka , Eism Yoshinobu , Takemura Tamiko , Hirokawa Katsuiku
Published: December 2008

Surgically resected large bowels with ulcerative colitis (UC) and biopsied specimens from UC patients were studied immunohistochemically In terms of localization of immunoglobulins, secretory component (SG), complement (C3), and lysozyme in relation to suffering periods. In the long‐standing group (suffering periods more than nine months) of UC, marked decrease of absence of IgA as well as IgM was frequently observed in the columnar epithelial cells despite residue of SC positivity. However, in the short‐standing group (suffering periods from one month to four months) both SG and IgA were well preserved in the apical portion of the epithelial cells in the similar manner as observed in the control group. There was moderate to marked increase of IgA‐producing cells and slight to moderate increase of IgM‐producing cells In the majority of the UC cases regardless of suffering periods. Lysozyme was not demonstrable In the normal epithelial cells of the large intestine but occasionally observed in those of UC cases.
SIMPLE AMELOBLASTOMA WITH GHOST CELL AND GRANULAR CELL COMPONENTS
Authors: Fukushima Masahiro
Published: December 2008

A rare case of simple ameloblastoma, acanthomatous type, which contained ghost cells and granular cells Is reported. Although the ghost cells were noted only in the center of some tumor cell follicles, these staining properties were the same as those in the calcifying odontogenic cyst. It is suggested that, like the granular cell and hyaline body in odontogenic tumors and cysts, the presence of ghost cells is not a specific feature of the calcifying odontogenic cyst.
PLASMA CELL GRANULOMA OF THE STOMACH COMBINED WITH GASTRIC CANCER
Authors: Ohtsuki Yuji , Akagi Tadaatsu , Moriwaki Shosuke , Hatano Makoto
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of plasma cell granuloma of the stomach combined with gastric cancer is reported. Plasma cell granuloma presumably occurred independently of adenocarcinoma in the stomach, and nodular or diffuse infiltration of plasma cells containing many Russell bodies was observed in the gastric wall, intermingled with lymphocytes. Infiltrating plasma cells were polyclonal in nature as seen by peculiar meshwork patterns of positive immunofluorescence against human γ, and λ chains. Ultrastructurally, globular Russell bodies, 1‐7 μm in diameter, were located in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and could be divided into two types, smooth‐or rough‐surfaced one.
LOBULAR CAPILLARY HEMANGIOMA OF THE ESOPHAGUS A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Okumura Teruhisa , Tanou Shokan , Chiba Kanenobu , Tanaka Sadao
Published: December 2008

A case of lobular capillary hemangioma In the lower portion of the eosphagus in a 49‐year‐old woman was investigated. Lobular capillary hemangioma of the esophagus must be a rare lesion. We have been unable to find s single case in the literature. The excised lesion consisted macroscopically of a single strip of red tissue ulcerated and covered with a white exudate, 7 mm in length, with an attached vascular pedunculated lesion no more than 4 mm in diameter. Microscopically, the pedunculated lesion had the features of a capillary hemangioma with a circumscribed aggregate of capillaries arranged In one or more lobules. Similar cases from the oral and nasal mucous membranes were recorded In 1980 by Millset al.13.
DISTRIBUTION OF ACTIN IN MESANGIAL CELL OF RAT GLOMERULUS
Authors: Ito Kinji , Ger Yih‐Chang
Published: December 2008

The localization of actin in the renal glomerulus of normal and streptozotocin (SZ) or aminonucleoside (AN) administered rats was studied by immunofluorescent and electron microscopy. The immunofluorescence (IF) for actin in normal rats showed a fine granular mesangial pattern, but the intensity was weak. An increase in positivity and an enlargement of the distribution of IF were observed in both SZ and AN administered rats, and the pattern of staining was still mesangial. Under an electron microscope, the mesangial cells showed an increase in number of microfilaments of 5 nm in diameter as well as in other cellular organelles, such as rERs and free ribosomes. These results suggest that the IF‐positive substance for actin in the mesangium and the microfilaments observed in the mesangial cells by electron microscopy are identical with each other, i.e. actin filaments. Further, the mesangial cells may react by stimulation from injurious agents, such as SZ or AN, to increase the amount of actin as well as the number of other cellular organelles. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 34 : 1267–1276,1984.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF TYPE C VIRUS PARTICLES IN PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ‐STIMULATED LYMPHOCYTES FROM HEALTHY ADULTS SEROPOSITIVE TO ADULT T‐CELL LEUKEMIA‐ASSOCIATED ANTIGENS
Authors: Ohtsuki Yuji , Miyoshi Isao , Taguchi Hirokuni , Takahashi Kiyoshi , Akagi Tadaatsu
Published: December 2008

PHA‐stimulated peripheral lymphocytes from six healthy adults consisting of four family members of an adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL) patient and two blood bank donors, seropositive to ATL‐associated antigens (ATLA), were all positive for the expression of ATLA and ATL‐associated virus (ATLV). These results revealed that anti‐ATLA‐positive persons were healthy carriers of ATLV and that the numbers of ATLV observed in each culture were more proportional to the percentage of ATLA‐positive lymphocytes than anti‐ATLA titers of each person. Virus particles detected were C‐type in morphology, and essentially similar to those observed in MT‐2 and other ATL‐related cells, but rather uniform in size, mostly 120–130 nm in diameter. Furtheremore, it is of interest that tubuloreticular structures and striated fusiform structures, which were found in fresh or short term cultured ATL cells, were observed in some cultures of lymphocytes from anti‐ATLA‐positive healthy persons. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 34: 1277–1283, 1984.
UNDIFFERENTIATED NEUROECTODERMAL TUMORS INDUCED BY HUMAN ADENOVIRUS TYPE 31 IN SYRIAN HAMSTERS
Authors: Mizobuchi Kohichi , Motoi Makoto , Ogawa Katsuo
Published: December 2008

Human adenovirus type 31 was inoculated intraperitoneally into 18 and intracranially into 98 Syrian hamsters within 24 hours of birth. Intra‐peritoneal tumors developed multicentrically in 94.4%, 93 days on an average after virus inoculation, while brain tumors developed in 6.1%, 154 days. Intraperitoneal tumors primarily developed in the subserosal tissues and protruded into the peritoneal cavity. Some of five enlarged brain tumors seemed to have extended from the paraventricular regions to the neighboring structures, and one microtumor was located in the subependymal layer. Twenty‐six of the 98 hamsters inoculated with virus intracranially unexpectedly developed tumors in the subcutaneous tissue of the skull. Histological, immunohistochemical and electron micrscopic studies revealed that the tumors which developed in the different sites had essentially the same features and were composed of undifferentiated small cells of primitive neuroectodermal nature. The incidence and the characteristics of the tumors were discussed in comparison with those of adenovirus type 12‐induced tumors described previously. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 34: 1313–1326, 1984.
MALIGNANT PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA WITH ACTH PRODUCTION
Authors: Kakudo Kennichi , Uematsu Kunio , Matsuno Yasuko , Mitsunobu Masao , Toyosaka Akihiro , Okamoto Eizo , Fukuchi Minoru
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of a 54‐y‐ear‐old woman with malignant pheochromocytoma and ectopic ACTH production was reported. Noradrenaline was increased in 24 hour urine and in the blood sample from the left adrenal vein. Hormone assay studies of the tumor tissue and plasma revealed abnormally high levels of ACTH. Formaldehyde fume induced fluorescence method demonstrated biogenic amine in the tumor cytoplasm. Electron microscopic examinations also disclosed numerous neurosecretory granules in the tumor cytoplasm. These findings confirmed that this pleomorphic carcinoma of the left adrenal gland was one of the APUDoma originating from the adrenal medulla, so‐called pheochromocytoma. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 34 : 1403–1410, 1984.
HETEROTOPIC GASTRIC MUCOSA IN THE SMALL INTESTINE
Authors: Tsubone Mikio , Kozuka Sadao , Taki Tadashi , Hoshino Munemitsu , Yasui Akihiro , Hachisuka Kitao
Published: December 2008

A case of tumorous heterotopic gastric mucosa which acted as a leading point of jejunal double‐barrelled intussusception in a 16‐y‐ear‐old girl is presented. The lesion, 5×3×2 cm, was polypoid in shape with sharp circumscription. Histologically, the tumor consisted of gastric fundic and pseudopyloric glands. The pertinent literature is also reviewed. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 34: 1425–1431, 1984.
RENAL VEIN THROMBOSIS IN STILLBORN INFANT OF DIABETIC MOTHER
Authors: Al‐Samarrai Saadi F. , Kato Ayako , Urano Yoshinori
Published: December 2008

A second rare autopsy case of renal vein thrombosis in a stillborn female infant of a diabetic mother and the first after oxytocin induction is reported. Correlative light and electron microscopic studies were conducted. Extensive thrombosis from main to small cortical branches of the left renal vein was encountered, causing hemorrhagic infarction of the left kidney. Newly formed hemorrhagic infarction and thrombosis of several small veins in the cortex of the right kidney were discovered. Hyperplasia of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans was observed. The literature was reviewed and the pathogenesis and clinical aspects were discussed. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 34: 1441–1447, 1984.
ENDOCYTOSIS OF HUMAN THYROGLOBULIN (TG) IN ADENOMATOUS GOITER STUDIED BY AN IMMUNO ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC PROCEDURE
Authors: Nakayama Iwao , Noguchi Shiro , Mochizuki Yuichi , Murakami Nobuo , Yamashita Hiroto , Moriuchi Akira , Yokoyama Shigeo , Noguchi Akito
Published: December 2008

Five cases of adenomatous goiter have been studied by an electron microscope using an immuno‐reaction for thyroglobulin (TG) and focusing on the mechanism of endocytosis. Positive stain for TG was demonstrated in follicular lumina, large reabsorbed colloid droplets and small subapical vesicles. Endocytotic vesicles ranging from 320 nm to 1600 nm in diameter were observed in the cytoplasm as pits in the apical plasma membrane. Some of them showed direct connection with the positive stain for TG in the follicular lumen and the others were completely ingested in the cytoplasm. With statistic analysis, a majority of the vesicles showing the positive stain for TG in the cytoplasm distributed in the range of 200 nm to 1200 nm in diameter with the peak in 300 nm to 399 nm and was situated within an extent of the diameter measured from the endocytotic vesicles. Engulfment of colloid by pseudopods and fusion of the reabsorbed colloid droplets were encountered as extremely rare findings and appeared to play no major role for formation of large colloid droplets in adenomatous goiter.
OCCLUSION OF THE BASILAR ARTERY
Authors: Hashizume Yoshio , Kishimoto Hidemasa , Iijima Soichi
Published: December 2008

The present report dealt with thirteen autopsied cases of basilar artery occlusion. The age of the patients ranged from fifty one to seventy six years with a mean age of fifty six years, and there were eleven males and two females. Basilar artery occlusion was found in one in every 160 autopsies. The average length of the clinical course of the disease was five months. Many patients had a history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cerebrovascular attacks. The neurological signs and symptoms of basilar artery occlusion extremely varied and were complicated. In our series, occular bobbing, palatal myoclonus, Foville syndrome, and Millard‐Gubler syndrome are significant. Arteriosclerotic thrombosis is the most important etiologic factor. The site of occlusion was most frequently encountered in the lower third of the basilar artery. Areas of softening were prominent in the midbrain and the pons. In the cerebellum, softenings were present particularly in the areas supplied by the superior cerebellar artery. Infarcts in the thalamus and the temporo‐occipital lobes supplied by the posterior cerebral artery were observed very frequently. The distribution of softening was related to the site of occlusion of the basilar artery and the collateral circulation through the Willis ring.
ENDOTHELIAL CHANGES OF HYPERTENSIVE RAT MESENTERIC ARTERIES
Authors: Suzuki Keiji , Mori Ichiro , Kobori Kiyohisa , Takatama Masamitsu , Ooneda Genju
Published: December 2008

The mesenteric arteries of hypertensive rats with bilaterally constricted renal arteries were observed by light, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy. In the early stage of hypertensive arterial lesions, many leukocytes adhered to the endothelial surface, and large or small and polygonal endothelial cells were irregularly arranged. Sporadically brightened and atrophied endothelial cells were distributed on the injured surface. These atrophied cells were transmission electron microscopically confirmed to have undergone coagulation necrosis. In the surrounding of the atrophied cells were observed opened endothelial cell junctions and enlarged intercellular spaces to which many leukocytes and platelets adhered. Because of loosening of connection with neighboring cells, atrophied endothelial cells became solitary or being denuded. Opened endothelial cell junctions were also observed between the uninjured endothelial cells as well as in areas penetrated by leukocytic pseudopods. Where light microscopy disclosed the deposition of a large amount of fibrinoid substance in the intima and media, scanning electron microscopy showed opened endothelial cell junctions and denudation of endothelial cells. From the results of the present experimental study, it was suggested that in the genesis of the hypertensive rat arterial lesions, the degeneration, necrosis and denudation of endothelial cells, opened endothelial cell junctions between these cells, and insudation of blood plasma through the opened junctions or denuded areas might play important roles.
ANGIOGENESIS OF CULTURED ENDOTHELIAL CELLS OF BOVINE CORONARY ARTERY
Authors: Nohara Masatoshi , Tanimura Akira , Nagayama Kazuhiko , Nakashima Teruyuki
Published: December 2008

Endothelial cells of bovine coronary artery were isolated and cultivated and bovine clots were placed in the cultured endothelial cells (42 generations), followed by observation on the 14th day. Cultured endothelial cells not only covered the surface of each clot but also migrated in it to form oval or irregularly shaped intracytoplasmic vacuoles or sometimes intercellular vacuoles surrounded by 2 or 3 cells. Some of these vacuoles contained membranous materials. This vacuolization was considered to represent angiogenetic activity peculiar to endothelial cells.
SECRETORY GRANULES IN BENIGN AND MALIGNANT GLUCAGONOMAS OF THE PANCREAS
Authors: Nakanishi Isao , Katsuda Shogo , Kajikawa Kinichiro , Yonemura Yutaka , Konishi Koji , Miwa Koichi
Published: December 2008

Two cases of glucagonoma, one benign and the other malignant, were presented. Benign glucagonoma in a 29‐year old man with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 was composed largely of tumor cells with secretory granules ranging from 139 to 417 nm in diameter identical to A cell granules. There were a few tumor cells which contained no A cell granules but smaller granules of approximately 166 nm diameter similar to those of pancreatic polypeptide‐containing cells. Radioimmunoassay of the tumor extract showed 319 μg/g wet weight of glucagon and 0.72 μg/g wet weight of pancreatic polypeptide. Malignant glucagonoma in a 34 year‐old man was a massive tumor of 7x6x5 cm replacing the tail and body of the pancreas with multiple metastases. The tumor contained 0.2 μg/g wet weight of glucagon and 0.065, ug g wet weight of vasoactive intestinal peptide. The electron microscopic examination revealed that the tumor cells had variable numbers of atypical secretory granules measuring 110 to 200 nm in diameter different from A cell granules. An analysis of plasma glucagon by the gel filtration technique showed the heterogeneity of glucagon molecules indicating the presence of large glucagon. Atypical secretory granules in malignant glucagonoma were considered to represent immature granules containing the precursor or intermediate of glucagon.
ATYPICAL POLYSPLENIA ONLY WITH ABSENCE OF THE HEPATIC SEGMENT OF INFERIORVENA CAVA IN A MIDDLE‐AGED
Authors: Miyabara Shinichi , Sugihara Hajime , Kamio Akinori , Oota Kazuhiro , Abe Hidehiko , Kato Seigo
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of polysplenia with absence of the hepatic segment of the inferior vena cava in a 53‐year‐old female is reported. The venous blood from the lower parts of the body was drained through the azygos vein and the superior vena cava into the right atrium. Other than acquired pathological change, the heart was found to be normal. Except for the partial absence of the inferior vena cava, isomerism of asymmetric organs, and heterotaxia of abdominal organs, characteristic of typical polysplenia, were not present. This case of atypical polysplenia suggests the presence of a transitional form in the complex.
A CASE OF GASTRIC CARCINOMA WITH MASSIVE EOSINOPHILS
Authors: Tsutsumi Yutaka , Ohshita Toshitaka , Yokoyama Takeshi
Published: December 2008

This report describes a 67‐year‐old male with inoperable gastric cancer accompanied by marked tissue and peripheral eosinophilia without evidence of allergic disorders or parasitic infestation. Autopsy revealed an advanced gastric cancer of scirrhous type with metastases to pancreas, bone marrow, ileum, lungs, and lymph nodes. Excessive numbers of mature eosinophils were present in univolved bone marrow, liver and spleen as well as among the signet ring cell component of the cancer in either primary or metastatic sites. The primary cancer also possessed a component of tubular adenocarcinoma which was associated with only a few eosinophils. Hence, we speculate that an eosinophil mobilizing (chemotactic and/or proliferating) factor (s) was produced by the signet ring cancer cells.
PRIMARY TRACHEOBRONCHIAL AMYLOIDOSIS
Authors: Wakasa Ken'ichi , Sakurai Masami , Koezuka Izumi , Yoshida Jun'ichi , Oumi Sakiya , Monden Yasumasa , Tani Yoshihiko
Published: December 2008

A case of diffuse tracheobronchial amyloidosis in a 70 year‐old woman thought clinically at first to have lung carcinoma is reported. Bronchoscope biopsy was necessary to make a diagnosis. Amyloid was deposited markedly in the subepithelial layer. After Congo‐red staining amyloid showed the usual apple‐green birefringence under polarizing microscope. Electron microscopic study disclosed typical amyloid fibrillar structure. Amyloid protein of this patient was confirmed to be AL protein by immunoperoxidase study which showed specific staining by the anti‐AA antiserum. When potassium permanganate reaction was used amyloid protein of this patient resisted to the reaction. We reviewed 19 cases from the previously reported cases of primary amyloidosis of the lower respiratory tract, and gave some description of pathologic and clinical aspects of this disease.
ADULT‐TYPE SYSTEMIC VARICELLA IN A FEMALE PATIENT IN COURSE OF TREATMENT OF HER SO‐CALLED REACTIVE LYMPHOCYTIC (T‐CELL) HYPERPLASIA
Authors: Kasahaea Masao , Mizoguchi Yoshikazu , Kuroda Makoto , Miki Yoshio , Yamamoto Naoto , Horibe Yoshimune , Fujita Koh , Watanabe Hiroshi , Hondo Ryo , Aoyama Uzho
Published: December 2008

A 31‐year‐old woman was examined in this case. Biopsy revealed an abnormal nontumorous proliferation of T cells in the lymph node. Clinically, the patient was treated by C‐MOPP and steroid under clinical suspicion of T‐cell lymphoma. In the period of observation of the course of Illness, the patient contracted varicella from her real child and died on the 8th day of illness. She was examined pathologically, electron microscopically, and by the fluorescent antibody technique. Virus infections foci, which were mostly necrotic ones, were found in the parenchymatous and interstitial cells of skin, lung, adrenal gland, digestive organs, liver, lymph nodes, and genital organs. In the circulatory system, proliferative foci with degeneration of endothelial and adventitial cells were noticed in small veins or venules, but little change was found in the arterial system. Electron microscopic observation suggested a destruction of the so‐called limiting basement membrane around blood vessels. This was an important finding indicative of a mechanism of viral transmission to the interstitial cell system.
MEDIATION OF MACROPHAGE REACTIONS IN IMMUNE TISSUE INJURY
Authors: Honda Mitsuo , Yoshimura Teizo , Miura Kazunori , Hayashi Hideo
Published: December 2008

The chemotactic specificity of three types of macrophage chemotactic factors (MCF) ‐a, ‐b, and ‐c, from delayed hypersensitivity reaction (DHR) skin sites in guinea pigs, was analysed. MCF‐c shared common antigenicity with the macrophage chemotactic lymphokine released from bovine gamma globulin (BGG) and horse radish peroxidase (HRPO) ‐stimulated lymphocytes, using an immunoadsorbent column conjugated with anti‐MCF‐c antiboby. These purified lymphokines were very similar, or possibly identical in terms of physicochemical and serological properties. BCG‐induced lymphokine seemed to exist as complexes with serum protein at the skin site. A change in the proportion of each MCF was observed during the development of DHR. Furthermore, MCF‐a and ‐b attracted Ia− M1 cell line cells, while MCF‐c attracted Ia+ cells. Moreover, the responsive guinea‐pig monocytes were divided mainly into two distinctive migrating subpopulations. One subpopula‐tion was responsive to MCF‐a and ‐b, and the majority of responding cells were “la‐negative“. The second subpopulation was responsive to MCF‐c and the predominant cell type was “la‐positive”. The data suggest that macrophage reactions in the DHR are mediated by MCF‐a, ‐b, and ‐c and that MCF‐c attracts la bearing accessory macrophages and MCF‐a and b‐ attract la negative macrophages. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35 : 269–280, 1985.
MUGOSUBSTANCE HISTOCHEMISTRY OF THE NORMAL MUCOSA and EPITHELIAL NEOPLASMS OF THE LARGE INTESTINE
Authors: Ono Kenzo , Katsuyama Tsutomu
Published: December 2008

Histochemical properties of mucosubstances in normal mucosa and neoplasms of 100 operated cases with colonic carcinoma were investigated by using several new methods, such as paradoxical concanavalin A (con A) staining and modified PAS reactions for sialic acids. Acidity of goblet cell‐type mucin (GCM) of the normal mucosa varied with the depth of the crypt, as well as with different segments of the large intestine, whereas surface coat‐type mucin (SCM) mainly consisted of sulfomucin throughout the large intestine. In addition, the PAS reactivity revealing the presence of O‐acetylated sialic acid and the labile class HI con A reactivity were demonstrated as hallmarks characterizing the colonic GCM. In carcinoma tissues, sialomucin was more abundant than in the normal mucosa. Goblet‐type tumor cells were found in 59 cases. Moreover, O‐acetylated sialic acid and the labile class III con A reactivity persisted in GCM of the goblet‐type tumor cells. GCM of the adjacent mucosa of the neoplasms showed a decrease in sulfomucin in 95 cases and a marked increase in the labile class III con A reactivity in 97 cases, while the histochemcial properties of SCM in this region remained unchanged. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35 : 281–297, 1985.
THE ARREST OF T CELL MATURATION IN SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS WITH A DEFICIENT PRODUCTION OF THYMIC FACTORS
Authors: Takeichi Noritoshi , Ba Denian , Suzuki Kazufumi , Kobayashi Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) which regularly develop hypertension and periarteritis nodosa showed a progressive loss of T cell numbers and functions early in life. When six months old and compared with W rats, the original strain of SHR, they were found to possess a reduced number of thymocytes that formed rosettes with guinea pig erythrocytes and that reacted to anti‐Thyl. 1 and anti‐T (W3/13) sera. The number of spleen and lymph node cells which reacted to anti‐T (W3/13) and anti‐helper T (W3/25) sera also decreased. The antibody response of 3‐month‐old SHR spleen cells to SRBC was about one‐fifth that of Wistar rats and progressively declined with age. Subcutaneous grafting of 3‐month‐old SHR thymus tissues failed to promote differentiation and functions of T cells in the spleen of nude mice, whereas 3‐month‐old W thymus tissues showed significant recovery of T cell generation and functions. The T cell functions of old SHR was completely restored by grafting adult W thymus tissues but was not restored by grafting adult SHR thymus tissues. Similar recovery was also obtained by the injection of thymus extracts from W thymus tissues. These results suggest that thymic epithelial cell products regulating T cell maturation may decrease in SHR with increasing age. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35 : 351–360, 1985.
MINUTE CARCINOMA OF THE THYROID and ITS DEVELOPMENT TO ADVANCED CARCINOMA
Authors: Yamashita Hiroto , Nakayama Iwao , Noguchi Shiro , Murakami Nobuo , Yokoyama Shigeo , Mochizuki Yuichi , Moriuchi Akira , Noguchi Akito
Published: December 2008

The relationship between the size of carcinomas and their histological characteristics such as encapsulation and sclerosis was studied using 157 cases of thyroid minute carcinomas with diameters less than 10 mm. When the diameter of the tumor was less than 1 mm, encapsulated carcinomas were not found, but they were presented in a group with a larger diameter. Sclerosing carcinomas were more frequently distributed in the group with a diameter less than 5 mm. With increasing tumor size, the carcinomas were reduced markedly in number and only two cases of sclerosing carcinoma were observed with a diameter more than 8 mm. It was concluded that thyroid minute carcinomas arise as nonencapsulated carcinoma, either sclerosing or nonsclerosing, followed by encapsulation at a later time and that some of the nonsclerosing carcinomas become apparent clinically, whereas most of the sclerosing carcinomas remain clinically silent throughout the entire life of the host. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35 : 377–383, 1985.
ADULT T‐CELL LEUKEMIA COMPLICATED BY HYPERCALCEMIA
Authors: Haratake Joji , Ishii Nobuyoshi , Horie Akio , Matsumoto Motoko , Oda Susumu , Satoh Kanji
Published: December 2008

Three autopsy cases of Adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL) complicated by a severe hypercalcemia are presented. In two of them, the hypercalcemia itself was the direct cause of death. There was no evidence of an increase of serum PTH in all three cases. Prostaglandins were within normal range in two of them. By a bioassay, a bone‐resorbing factor, osteoclast activating factor (OAF)‐like substance, was demonstrated in the culture medium of leukemic cells from one patient. Also, various degrees of osteoclastic activation were found in the bones of all three patients by the postmortem examination. It may be that the hypercalcemia occurring in cases of ATL is partly caused by the humoral factor, which is released from leukemic cells and activates a bone resorption by osteoclasts. Similar cases in which a significant activation of osteoclasts was practically demonstrated by histopathologic examination in addition to the detection of a bone‐resorbing factor have been rarely reported. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35 : 437–448, 1985.
CARCINOSARCOMA OF THE PROSTATE
Authors: Hokamura Keizo , Kurozumi Takeshi , Tanaka Kenzo , Yamaguchi Akito
Published: December 2008

The present report describes a rare prostatic tumor occurring in a 78‐year‐old Japanese male. The histological features were those of carcinosarcoma involving an adenocarcinoma and a chondrosarcoma, with metastasis to the liver. The carcinomatous component stained positively for prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) by an immunoperoxidase technique. The literature is reviewed. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35 : 481–487, 1985.
ENDODERMAL SINUS TUMOR OF THE STOMACH
Authors: Motoyama Teiichi , Saito Kiyoko , Iwafuchi Mitsuya , Watanabe Hidenobu
Published: December 2008

This is a case report of an endodermal sinus tumor arising in the stomach of a 72‐year‐old Japanese woman. The tumor showed Borrmann 2 type at the mucosal surface, and the main mass occupied the subserosal layer with outgoing extension. Microscopically, the tumor showed typical characteristics of the endodermal sinus tumor, associated with embryonal carcinoma, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and well differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. Alpha‐fetoprotein was detected in the serum of the patient by radioimmunoassay and within tumor tissue by immunohistochemical techniques. Ultra‐structurally, a characteristic basement membrane‐like material has been identified in intercellular spaces. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35: 497–505, 1985.
MYOFIBROBLASTS IN FIBROMATOSES An Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Kikyu Hiromaro , Tsuneyoshi Masazumi , Enjoji Munetomo
Published: December 2008

Fifteen cases of fibromatoses were analyzed by electron microscopy, the objective being to compare the incidence and frequency of myofibroblasts in each category. Myofibroblasts were identified in all 15 cases and a considerably large number of these cells appeared in palmar fibromatosis, plantar fibromatosis, and nodular fasciitis. In keloid and cicatricial fibromatosis, however, only a small number of these cells were evident. In seven cases of extra‐abdominal desmoid fibromatosis, the frequency of myofibroblasts in the component cells ranged from 10% to 64%, with a mean of 30%. The frequency was high in hypercellular lesions and low in hypocellular lesions, assuming that it would be roughly in parallel to the cellularity of the lesion in extra‐abdominal desmoid fibromatosis and in other fibromatoses as well. There appeared to be no particular correlation between the number of myofibroblasts and recurrence of the lesion. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35 : 533–547, 1985.
GLOMERULAR DEPOSITION OF IgA IN EXPERIMENTAL HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS
Authors: Iida Hiroyuki , Izumino Kiyoshi , Matsumoto Michio , Takata Masanobu , Mizumura Yasuji , Sugimoto Tsuneaki
Published: December 2008

Wistar rats rendered cirrhotic with carbon tetrachloride excreted significant proteinuria and hematuria. Serum levels of IgA and IgG were significantly elevated in cirrhotic animals. They showed mild mesangial proliferation and immunofiuorescent studies revealed deposits of IgA and IgG predominantly in mesangial areas and along capillary walls. These findings were very similar to those seen in patients with hepatic cirrhosis or IgA nephropathy. The deposits of IgA were also found in hepatic tissue from cirrhotic animals. The intensity and distribution of glomerular IgA deposits were not diminished after treatment with acid buffer. These results suggest that glomerular IgA are IgA polymers and decreased hepatic clearance of hepatic IgA polymers may be responsible for the glomerular deposition of IgA. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35: 561–567, 1985.
INTRANUCLEAR MEMBRANOUS PROFILES IN GERMINOMA CELLS——A VARIANT OF NUCLEAR POCKETS and INTRANUCLEAR ANNULATE LAMELLAE
Authors: Koide Osamu , Iwai Shigetoshi , Matsumuba Hidekatsu
Published: December 2008

When ultrastructurally examining 24 germinomas comprising 12 seminomas, 4 dysgerminomas, 1 mediastinal germinoma, and 7 intracranial germinomas, intranuclear membranous profiles were noticed in 17 germinomas, ranging from 20‐100 nm in width and 3^m in length. With occasional connections to the nuclear envelope through a small hole, intranuclear membranous profiles in germinoma cells were considered as clefts of the nuclear envelope. While most frequently situated under the inner nuclear membrane, they varied in configuration as well as distribution. As sequestered round mass of nuclear material, they were a variant of nuclear pockets containing nucleoplasm. Intranuclear annulate lamellae were occasionally present apart from the nuclear envelope and connected with nuclear clefts. Eleven of the twelve seminomas and 6 of the twelve non‐seminomatous germinomas showed intranuclear membranous profiles, and the incidence of such profiles was much higher in seminomas than in non‐seminomatous germinomas. Intranuclear membranous profiles facing the inner nuclear membrane were also noted in spermatogonia in adolescents and adults. It was suggested that intranuclear membranous profiles in germinoma cells could be structures following ones occasionally seen in spermatogonia. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35: 605–619, 1985.
THE SURFACE LINING CELLS OF CARDIAC MYXOMA: Light, Electron Microscopic and Immunohistochemical Observation
Authors: Tanimura Akira , Tanaka Shunichi , Kitazono Masatomo , Kosuga Kenichi
Published: December 2008

Morphological, enzymatic and electron microscopic studies have been performed on the surface covering cells of cardiac myxoma (CM) in 4 clinical cases. The superficial layer of CM is composed of mono‐ or poly‐layers of polygonal cells and the superficial cells are connected with the tumor cells within CM. Electron microscopic picture showed many microvilli on the surface of the superficial cells, and the neighboring cells extend extrusions one to another connecting with desmosomes. Formation of incomplete basal membrane was observed in the underlying cells. These cells were morphologically similar to those of the tumor cells in CM. Polygonal superficial cells were shown by scanning electron microscope, and there was no consistent arrangement, which was different from the vascular endothelial cells. Factor VIII‐related antigen was proved in the tumor cells having vascular like space in CM, suggesting differentiation of the tumor cells to the vascular endothelial cells. Factor VIII‐related antigen was negative in the superficial covering cells. It may be said that the superficial covering cells of CM are premature tumor cells having no character as endothelial cells. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35 : 667–673, 1985.
FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA OF MIDDLE CEREBRAL and RENAL ARTERIES
Authors: Kudo Motoshige , Lee Joseph C.K.
Published: December 2008

A patient with fibromuscular dysplasia of both the left middle cerebral artery and the right renal artery is described. The patient, a 38‐year‐old Caucasian female, died of subarachnoid hemorrhage following rupture of a saccular aneurysm of the left middle cerebral artery one month after surgical intervention for renovascular hypertension. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35: 775–780, 1985.
THYROID CARCINOMA IN BENIGN THYROID DISEASES An Analysis from Minute Carcinoma
Authors: Yamashita Hiroto , Nakayama Iwao , Noguchi Shiro , Murakami Nobuo , Moeiuchi Akira , Yokoyama Shigeo , Mochizuki Yuichi , Noguchi Akito
Published: December 2008

The relative frequency of thyroid carcinoma in benign thyroid diseases such as toxic diffuse goiter (toxic goiter), adenomatous goiter (goiter), adenoma, and chronic thyroiditis (thyroiditis) was studied using 3,219 surgically removed thyroid glands. Coexistence of carcinoma and benign diseases was found in 257 glands. Among them, 157 glands had minute carcinoma (diameter of cancer nodule is smaller than 10 mm) and 100 glands had advanced carcinoma (larger than 10.1 mm in diameter). The incidence of carcinoma including minute carcinoma was 29.4% in goiter (98/333), 21.0% in thyroiditis (11/53), 8.6% in adenoma (55/638), and 5.3% in toxic goiter (98/1852). Chi‐square test also revealed that the rate of carcinoma not only advanced carcinoma but also minute carcinoma was higher in goiter than in the other diseases (P<0.01, respectively). Among the patients aged under 39, the incidence of advanced carcinoma and minute carcinoma in thyroiditis were the highest, respectively (83% and 100% in thyroiditis, 9.0% and 11.4% in goiter, 2. 6% and 1.9% in adenoma, and 0.7% and 3.4% in toxic goiter), however, among the patients aged over 40, they were secondary lower and the lowest, respectively (19% and 16.8% in goiter, 5.2% and 7.5% in adenoma, 4.2% and 6.7% in thyroiditis, and 1.4% and 7.5% in toxic goiter). We concluded that adenomatous goiter accompanies carcinoma more frequently than other benign thyroid diseases and the high incidence of carcinoma in chronic thyroiditis is probably due to a preoperative selection of the patients. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35: 781–788, 1985.
CEREBRO‐SPINAL INFARCTION CAUSED BY ATHEROMATOUS EMBOLI
Authors: Yutani Chikao , IMAKITA Masami , ISHIBASHI‐UEDA Hatsue , Hatanaka Kaoru , Waki Riichiro , Ogawa Makoto , Sawada Toru , Yamaguchi Takenori
Published: December 2008

Cholesterol embolization to the abdominal viscera is common, but rare in the central nervous system. Fourteen cases of atheromatous embolization to the central nervous system were morphologically investigated. Among the 800 consecutive autopsy cases, 38 cases had atheromatous emboli in various organs. Cerebro‐spinal infarction caused by atheromatous emboli was found in 11 cases. Infarction rate (11/14) was relatively higher than in other organs and 5 of these cases were thought to be due to direct injury to the erosive surface of the aorta; cardiac catheterization (2 cases), intra‐aortic baloon pumping (2 cases), and extra‐anatomical bypass graft operation (1 case). These 14 patients consisted of elderly patients (70.1 ±6.3 years old) usually associated with hypertension (78.6%) and diabetes mellitus (42.8%). Anatomically, aortic aneurysms were seen in 10 cases (71.4%), in which aortic arch aneurysm was seen in 6 cases. Hence, aortic mechanical procedure is of great importance for denuding atheromatous materials from erosive atherosclerosis to the central nervous system. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35 : 789–801, 1985.
INTESTINAL METAPLASIA INDUCED BY X‐IRRADIATION IN DIFFERENT STRAINS OF RATS
Authors: Watanabe Hiromitsu , Naito Masashi , Kawashima Kengo , Ito Akihiro
Published: December 2008

Attempts were made to examine strain differences in the susceptibility of rats to intestinal metaplasia induced by X‐irradiation. The gastric regions of 4 inbred male rats (SHR, F344, WKY, and LEW strains) in 5‐week‐old and 2 random bred male rats (SD, and WIS strains) were irradiated with a total dose of 20 Gy X‐ray given in two equal fractions separated by three days. Upon sacrifice at 6 months after the last irradiation, the number of intestinal metaplastic crypts with positive reaction to alkaline phosphatase (ALP) appeared highest in the SHR and lowest in the WIS rats. Morphologically, the number of crypts with intestinal metaplasia in whole glandular stomachs of SHR, WIS, F344, and SD rats were higher than those in WKY and LEW rats. In the pyloric gland, it was highest in WIS rats, while in the fundic gland it was highest in SHR rats. The results show that the appearance and location of intestinal metaplasia by X‐irradiation are greatly influenced by the strain of the rat. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35: 841–847, 1985.