bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Writing the Sacred in Craig Thompson’s Habibi
Authors: Backus Madeline , Koltun-From Ken
Published: January 2020

This chapter discusses how Craig Thompson’s Habibi (2011) constructs the oriental sacred through Arabic calligraphy, weaving sacrality into the visual and textual narrative of the imagined, exotic other. The exotic and even erotic forms of calligraphy stylize a natural and imminently accessible sacred that works within an oriental mode of visual exposure. We can see this oriental sacred in the natural landscape, in the mythic and salvific animals, in the Islamic textual traditions of hadiths and Qur’an, and in the material body of Dodola who captures the young Zam’s erotic fantasies. Thompson deploys calligraphy to open Islamic and Arabic culture to the oriental gaze, imagining the sacred within the imagined world of Richard Burton’s 1,001 Arabian Nights. Within this space and gaze, Arabic calligraphy takes on the form and function of the sacred orient.
God’s Comics
Authors: Handelman Susan
Published: January 2020

This chapter probes the Jewish visual imagination of the sacred through a discussion of the Hebrew alphabet as “graphic narrative.” Exploring how the relation of text and image becomes deconstructed and redefined in classical rabbinic writings on the Hebrew alphabet and the forms of the letters, this chapter opens a reciprocal dialogue between “comics” and “Torah,” and between theories of graphic narrative and rabbinic interpretation. What might a “theology of graphic narrative” look like? The ultimate source of creative pleasure in all of us—artists and academics, rabbis and readers, parents and children—is that we ourselves, finally, are the letters and the letters are us. We are “God’s comics..
The Seven Traits of Fictoscripture and the Wormhole Sacred
Authors: Lewis A. David
Published: January 2020

This chapter discusses how fiction’s religion influences the readers’ own spiritual patency irrupting from an engagement with the fictional. In examining the fictitious scriptures of several comics works, this chapter arrives at a theory suggesting that these imagined sacred texts, these “fictoscriptures,” may allow us a new path for contact with our own sacred. There are seven observed traits of most fictoscriptures: archaic diction, kephalaiacparatext, prophetic revelation, rarity, stylized font, coded gnosis, and actualization. Fictoscriptures may direct an audience’s attention downward, even as they simultaneously redirect focus upward, toward not only the authors and authorities of the would-be prophesies but also beyond to the sacred. The best example, the truest metaphor, may be the wormhole. Drive one’s attention downward toward the fictoscripture, toward the profane and material comic book, and enough of a focus could, theoretically, connect one to the wormhole sacred.
Just Trying to Have School
Authors: Adams Natalie G. , Adams James H.
Published: January 2020

After the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education ruling, no state fought longer or harder to preserve segregated schools than Mississippi. This massive resistance came to a crashing halt in October 1969 when the Supreme Court ruled in Alexander v. Holmes Board of Education that “the obligation of every school district is to terminate dual school systems at once and to operate now and hereafter only unitary schools.” Thirty of the thirty-three Mississippi districts named in the case were ordered to open as desegregated schools after Christmas break. With little guidance from state officials and no formal training or experience in effective school desegregation processes, ordinary people were thrown into extraordinary circumstances. However, their stories have been largely ignored in desegregation literature. This book explores the arduous and complex task of implementing school desegregation. How were bus routes determined? Who lost their position as principal? Who was assigned to what classes? Without losing sight of the important macro forces in precipitating social change, the authors shift attention to how the daily work of “just trying to have school” helped shape the contours of school desegregation in communities still living with the decisions made fifty years ago.
The Daily Work of Doing Brown
Authors: Adams Natalie G. , Adams James H.
Published: January 2020

This introductory chapter provides an overview of school desegregation in Mississippi. After the Alexander v. Holmes Board of Education ruling on October 29, 1969, thirty Mississippi school districts were ordered to open as desegregated schools after the Christmas break. Left to deal with the hundreds of decisions that had to be made to reopen as fully operational desegregated schools were the principals, teachers, and other school personnel employed by their local public schools. Because every school district had to create its own desegregation plan, the particularities of school desegregation varied greatly. Thus, no singular narrative can adequately capture the complexities of school desegregation, and no one explanation can account for its success or failure. This book then focuses on the arduous task left to local Mississippians in implementing school desegregation in their local communities.
Love, Hope, and Fear
Authors: Adams Natalie G. , Adams James H.
Published: January 2020

This chapter addresses the role of teachers in school desegregation. Faculty integration was often the first step a school district took in trying to meet school desegregation orders. A young, recently graduated white teacher would be hired to teach in an all-black school, or a more experienced black teacher would be transferred to an all-white school. When the courts ruled this method of compliance unacceptable, student desegregation then took place. Teachers had to figure out how they and their students could live and learn together in classrooms, cafeterias, halls, bathrooms, locker rooms, and teacher's lounges, where the public and private spheres of people's lives often intersect. Ultimately, many teachers viewed teaching as their calling and were determined to work through school desegregation despite the many obstacles.
“We All Came Together on the Football Field” But …
Authors: Adams Natalie G. , Adams James H.
Published: January 2020

This chapter assesses the role of sports in the transition to desegregated schools. It shows the many ways in which sports helped ease a transition to desegregated schools by uniting black and white fans around the common goal of beating their opponents on the field. Indeed, it is no surprise that many of those involved in the early years of school desegregation laud the role sports played in this historical social transition and locate the football field or the basketball court as the place blacks and whites, sitting by each other and cheering together for a common cause, worked through the initial tensions of school desegregation. However, the chapter also reveals how sports was not the panacea many had hoped, and discrimination of black players and coaches persisted both on and off the field long after the initial desegregation dust settled.
Growth of Liturgical Music in the Iakovian Era 1
Authors: Desby Frank
Published: January 2020

Little has been written about the considerable changes in Greek Orthodox sacred music in America. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the two most common types of Greek music performed were Byzantine and demotika. Byzantine chants were performed as part of the Greek Orthodox Liturgy. However, in America priests and others began to compose new liturgical music, some of which abandoned the traditional Byzantine modes and single vocal line. The new music with European scales was often presented in a westernized style through choirs accompanied by organs. Based at St. Sophia Cathedral in Los Angeles, author Frank Desby (1922-1992) was part of a second generation of academically trained Greek Orthodox Church musicians who created the westernized body of liturgical music.
Amanes : The Legacy of the Oriental Mother 1
Authors: Holst-Warhaft Gail
Published: January 2020

The amanes became emblematic of a style of music that was both admired for its emotional intensity and rejected for its association with the oriental and feminine side of the modern Greek psyche Gail Holst-Warhaft tackles a genre that has rarely been discussed in English language essays. She deftly delineates the earliest known appearances of the emotionally intense amanes and its ties to other Greek musical traditions. She also examines the performance of the Asia Minor style in the U.S., including associated vocalists, musicians, recordings, and recording companies.
Turkish Music in the Greek American Experience
Authors: Graziosi Joseph G.
Published: January 2020

Through information about specific recordings and musicians, Joseph Graziosi’s essay on “Turkish Music in the Greek American Experience” delineates how many immigrants from the former Ottoman Empire embraced Turkish music and song as a familiar aspect of their home culture. This again challenges theories promoted by some twentieth century scholars who portrayed Greek music as highly differentiated from that of surrounding musical cultures—and perhaps harkening back to a glorious ancient past. Many of those theories assume the continuing purity of Greek musical forms, genres, or contexts—yet when we honestly examine any musical lineage, it is clear that everything changes and evolves in response to a variety of influences.
Survival of Greek Folk Music in New York 1
Authors: Chianis Sotirios (Sam)
Published: January 2020

Long America’s premier port and urban center, New York City has always been a fulcrum of musical expression. In “Survival of Greek Folk Music in New York,” esteemed ethnomusicologist and musician Sotirios (Sam) Chianis sets the stage by ably delineating the many forms of Greek regional music from the islands and the mainland. He then traces the long history of music, musicians, venues, and instrument makers in New York. Among his topics are the men’s coffee houses, local Greek record companies and record producers, Greek newspapers, the Greek Musicians’ Union, musical instrument makers, and the rise of bouzouki-based music.
Greek Record Making in the Early Days, 1896–1937
Authors: Spottswood Dick
Published: January 2020

Richard K. Spottswood, who is respected by scholars, record collectors and music enthusiasts for his ground-breaking work documenting sound recordings of ethnic music, focuses on “Greek Record Making in the Early Days, 1896-1937. ”Early recording companies not only documented musical expression, but distributed music and were were an enormous influence on the tastes of the public. Spottswood recounts the history of recording activity, recording companies, major artists, instruments, and genres in Greece, Turkey, and the United States.
Madame Koula (circa 1880–1954) 1
Authors: Frangos Stavros K.
Published: January 2020

Kyriaki Yiortzi Antonopoulos was the first internationally successful Greek female vocalist who made North America her permanent home. Known simply as Madame Koula or Coula, this woman proved to be so popular that between 1916 to 1917 and 1927, she recorded at least 199 individual songs. No other female vocalist of Greek heritage in North America made or sold as many records during this same period.She sang in every genre, but was especially known for her songs in the café aman style, and she was the first Greek American vocalist to record in Turkish.She and her husband founded the Panhellenion Record Company in New York.
George Dimitrios Grachis (1882–1965) 1
Authors: Chianis Sotirios (Sam)
Published: January 2020

When George DemetriosGrachis arrived in America in 1907, he was already a master instrument maker and an accomplished violinist. By 1910, he launched the Terpandros instrument workshop in Chicago’s Greektown. Later, he and santouri player Spyros Stamos (1894-1973) owned Chicago’s Greek Record Company, which was between 1922 and 1923. For decades, he toured the county as an acclaimed musician.
Marika Papagika (1890–1943) 1
Authors: Frangos Stavros K.
Published: January 2020

Marika Papagika was one of the best known Greek female vocalists and recording artists in the United States.She and her husband also owned a New York café aman that attracted a mixed ethnic audience. She is particularly known for her rebetika recordings on American and small Greek American record labels, however, she sange songs in a variety of genres including kleftika, café aman, and Smyrneika.
Theodotos “Tetos” Demetriades (1897–1971)
Authors: Frangos Stavros K.
Published: January 2020

Theodotos “Tetos” Demetriades, a Greek immigrant from Constantinople (Istanbul), was a musician, vocalist, composer, and record producer of great importance to the history of modern Greek music and to the production of ethnic music in the United States. He worked for Columbia Records, RCA Victor and Orthophonic, and his own labels, Colonial and Standard. In addition to Greek, Demetriades recorded Turkish, Albanian, Armenian, Gypsy, Sephardic Jewish, and other musicians.
Ioannis Halikias, aka Jack Gregory (1898–1957) 1
Authors: Chaloupka Aydin
Published: January 2020

In 1932, Ioannis “Jack” Halikias (1898-1957), a Greek American, recorded “Minoretouteke” for Columbia Record Company, the first bouzouki solo and probably the most influential bouzouki recording ever made. This and a few subsequent recordings were responsible for the decision to start openly recording the bouzouki in Greece, which in turn created opportunities for the rise of the most famous players. Halikias was essentially a mangas—engaging in petty crime and black market sales as well as owning kafeneia or coffee shops.
John K. Gianaros (1904–1998)
Authors: Frangos Stavros K.
Published: January 2020

John K. Gianaros was a professional musician and recording artist who performed with some of the most notable Greek, Armenian, Turkish, Albanian and Sephardic musicians of his generation. Over his long career he was a musician, composer, and record producer whose work not only crossed ethnic boundaries but also public venues. Gianaros was known for his proficiency on the accordion and his long collaboration with clarinetist Gus Gadinis.
Nicholas “Nicos” Tseperis (1923–2010) and Nina Records 1
Authors: Pouliopoulos Meletios
Published: January 2020

Nicholas "Nicos" Tseperis came to the US in 1956, after having established himself as a highly celebrated singer with performances in Istanbul, Athens, and France. As a recording artist and performer, he was regarded as one of the great troubadours of Greek music. In the New York area, he continued performing with a pantheon of famous Greek musicians and vocalists in the 1950s and 1960s. He bought Nina Records, one of the primary labels issuing Greek music, and continued recording and producing records for years. Tseperis also recorded and starred on satirical records, and produced Greek children’s records.
“Always Had Music All Around Me”
Authors: Hobson Vic
Published: January 2020

This chapter discusses the street songs sung by street traders in New Orleans and the relationship between the traders’ songs, transcribed by R. Emmet Kennedy and published in Mellows (1925), and blue-notes and barbershop “swipes.” This chapter also explores the relationship between spasm bands, ragtime, quartet singing and the emerging jazz bands of New Orleans.
“I Was Singing Selling Coal”
Authors: Hobson Vic
Published: January 2020

This chapter explores the contradictions raise by Armstrong’s unpublished last autobiography and what this tells us about Armstrong’s development as a musician.In this revised account, Armstrong claimed to have been playing the cornet from the age of 7 years old having borrowed the money from the Karnofsky Family. This account cannot be substantiated in historical terms or in Armstrong’s other recollections of his development as a musician. This chapter also discusses when Armstrong first owned a cornet and when he began playing at Henry Matranga’s bar and with New Orleans bands including the Tuxedo band and “Kid” Ory. Ory along with clarinettist Johnny Dodds and his brother “Baby” Dodds, all started out singing in informal quartets. This chapter also discusses King Oliver leaving for Chicago and Armstrong taking his place in Ory’s band.
PERANAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR INTERAKSIONAL DALAM PERSPEKTIF TEORI SISTEM KELUARGA TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA
Authors: Dewi Kartika Sari , Ginanjar Adriana Soekandar
Published: January 2020

This study examined the role of interactional factors on family well-being, such as mother-child interaction, father involvement in parenting and perceived social support in the family. Respondents (N = 219) aged 17-35 years, completed an online survey assessment and answered open questions about family well-being. The results of the study show that the quality of parent-child interaction in the family is considered to play an important role in achieving family well-being, in addition to the perceived social support in the family. Family well-being is the results of the dynamics of interaction within the family which consists of cooperation, acceptance, trust, ritual, family vision and mission, also mutual love. Statistical calculations and theoretical discussions in the perspective of the Family System Theory (FST) are presented in full articles. The results of this study can be an early stage in exploring the parent-child interaction process and the extent of the role of media technology in family well-being in Indonesia.
ANALISIS KEMISKINAN DI KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGGARA BARAT MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN MULTIVARIATE ADAPTIVE REGRESSION SPLINE (MARS)
Authors: Lembang Ferry Kondo , Patty Henry Willyam Michel , Maitimu Feros
Published: January 2020

Poverty is a condition where there is a condition where there is an inability of the community to meet basic needs such as food, clothing, shelter, education and health. MTB regency is one of the regions in Moluccas Province with a relatively high percentage of the poor population reaching 28.31%. The purpose of this study is to conduct poverty analysis in MTB using the MARS method. The problem of poverty is thought to be very much influenced by many factors, therefore the selection of the MARS method is considered very appropriate because it has the advantage of being able analyze high-dimensional data. The results showed the best MARS model was a combination BF=18, MI=3 and MO=0 with a minimum GCV value at 69.587. Variables that have a significant effect are the percentage RTM that do not have public toilet facilities (X5), the variable percentage of RTM that is the type of floor of a residential building made of poor quality soil / bamboo / wood (X4), and the percentage of RTM that does not own the building (X1).
PENGARUH SUBSTITUSI TEPUNG IKAN DAN TERI DALAM PAKAN TERHADAP EFISIENSI PEMANFAATAN PAKAN DAN PERTUMBUHAN BENIH IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Wulandari Ratih , Subandiyono Subandiyono , Pinandoyo Pinandoyo
Published: January 2020

The growth of tilapia could be improved when the feed utilization by the find was more efficien.Dietary anchovy flour might increase the utilization rate the feed. Feedswith amino acid profile similar to the amino acid profile of the fish would growth better. However, the feed lack of one might essential amino acids might disrupt the process of  growththe fish. The feed substitution could improve better amino acid congfiguration for better growth of fish. This experiment was to determine the effect of substitution of anchovy flour with fish meal in feed onthe feed utilization efficiency and growth of tilapia (O. niloticus) seed. The trial fish used were individual body better range betwen 5-7 cm tilapia (O. niloticus) with initial average body weight of 3.07±0.03 g/fish density the was 1 fish/liter for 35 days. The variables measured included the totalfeed consumption (TFC), feed utilization efficiency (FUE), protein efficiency ratio (PER), relative growth rate (RGR), and survival rate (SR). The experimentused was completely randomized design that consisted of 5 treatments and 3 replicates. The fifth treatments were treatment A, B, C, D, and E, withration of dietary fish meal to anchovy flour was 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0%, respectively. The data showed that dietary anchovy flour resulted significantly effect on TFC, FUE, RGR, and PER values, but did not for SR value.  Treatment Cassumsted the best performance values for TFC,FUE, PER, and RGR, with the values for 80,70%, 69,45%, 2,19%, and 1,6%/day, respectively. The water quality parameters during this study varried between suitable range for the  tilapia (O. niloticus).  It was suggestedthat substitution of fish meal to anchovy flour with the ration of 50:50% in feed was able to increase the values of TFC,FUE, PER, and RGR.
PENGARUH PENGKAYAAN Brachionus rotundiformis DENGAN DOSIS VITAMIN (B1, B6, B12 DAN VITAMIN C) BERBEDA DALAM FEEDING REGIMES TERHADAP KELULUSHIDUPAN DAN PERTUMBUHAN LARVA BANDENG (Chanos chanos)
Authors: Salsabila Gina , Suminto Suminto , Nugroho Ristiawan Agung
Published: January 2020

Ikan bandeng (Chanos chanos) merupakan komoditas perikanan air payau yang sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan dalam budidaya. Produksi larva bandeng dipengaruhi oleh jenis pakan alami rotifer. Peningkatan nutrisi rotifer dapat dilakukan melalui pengkayaan (enrichment) dengan vitamin B1, B6, B12 dan C. Kombinasi vitamin ini diharapkan mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan kelulushidupan larva. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh pengkayaan B. rotundiformis dengan dosis vitamin (B1, B6, B12 dan C) yang berbeda terhadap kelulushidupan dan pertumbuhan larva. Pengambilan data dilakukan saat larva berusia D3 – D15 dan D15 – D20. Larva D3 dipelihara selama 20 hari di dalam 15 bak plastik yang berisi 30L air payau dengan kepadatan 600 ekor/bak. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) terdiri atas 5 perlakuan dengan 3 kali pengulangan, yaitu: A (Pengkayaan rotifer 0 µg/mL vitamin B12 dan 0 µg/mL vitamin C), B (0,7 µg/mL vitamin B12 dan 4 µg/mL vitamin C), C (1,4 µg/mL vitamin B12 dan 4 µg/mL vitamin C), D (2,1 µg/mL vitamin B12 dan 4 µg/mL vitamin C), E (2,8 µg/mL vitamin B12 dan 4 µg/mL vitamin C). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengkayaan rotifer dengan vitamin B1, B6, B12 dan C berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap Pertumbuhan Panjang Relatif (PPR) dan SR larva D3 – D15 dan berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap FCR, EPP, PER, RGR, PPR dan SR larva D15 – D20. Pengkayaan rotifer dengan vitamin B12 1,4 µg/mL dan vitamin C 4 µg/mL memberikan nilai terbaik pada SR periode pemeliharaan D3 – D15 (53,11±0,45%) pada periode D15 – D20 (96,86±0.03%), sedangkan pengkayaan rotifer dengan vitamin B12 0,7 µg/mL dan vitamin C 4 µg/mL memberikan nilai terbaik pada FCR (0,72±0,033), EPP(139,09±5,954%), PER (3,48±0,14%), RGR(5,36±0,22%/hari) and PPR (2,94±0,039%/hari).
(Auto)analityczny opis przypadku. Wspomnienia Izydora Sadgera o Zygmuncie Freudzie
Authors: Więckiewicz Agnieszka
Published: January 2020

The article presents an analysis of Freud’s early biography written by Isidor Isaak Sadger, one of his earliest students. The author argues that Sigmund Freud. Persönliche Erinnerungen bonds together different literary genres such as biography, autobiography and pathography, thus allowing for studying the impact of life-writing literature on psychoanalysis. The first part of the article is devoted to the relation between introspection, auto-analysis and everyday writing practices of Freud and his students. In the second part, the author presents unknown facts from Sadger’s history in the psychoanalytic movement and reads his biography as an example of a heterogeneous literary genre where he becomes a writer-biographer and a doctor-autobiographer simultaneously.
Korespondencja Zygmunta Haupta z redakcją „Tematów”
Authors: Panas Paweł
Published: January 2020

Zygmunt Haupt’s preserved correspondence with the editors of Tematy (Paweł Mayewski and Jan Kempka) from the years 1962-1970 consists of seventeen letters. During that time, Haupt published in the quarterly from New York his translations of three poems by Robert Frost and one by Robert Lowell, as well as one short story of his own. This correspondence, although modest in volume, is an interesting testimony of Haupt’s collaboration with an important émigré journal. It also presents the writer as someone interested in the current literary life, trying his hand as a translator of American poetry.
Translanguaging through an advocacy lens: The roles of multilingual classroom assistants in Sweden
Authors: T. Dávila Liv , Bunar Nihad
Published: January 2020

This article examines the intersection between teacher agency and national language policy in Sweden. We present data from qualitative research across multiple urban Swedish school districts that explores the experiences and perspectives of multilingual classroom assistants (MCAs) on their work and in relation to national and district-level policies. We interrogate what it means to uphold translanguaging stances in otherwise monolingual Swedish classrooms. Data showcase the complexity with which MCAs articulate their roles as advocates for their students in translanguaging spaces, and in relation to school, district, and national policies. This inquiry also uncovers the need to position the experiences of MCAs more centrally in educational policy to support alternative visions for inclusion of newly arrived migrant students in school. It concludes with insights regarding the multifaceted nature of teacher advocacy and its relevance to future scholarship on the education of newly arrived migrant children.
Spiritualität – Eine evolutionäre und psychotherapiewissenschaftliche Perspektive
Authors: Schlegel Mario
Published: January 2020

Diese Arbeit zeichnet eine Linie von der Entwicklung der Empathie der Säugetiere bis hin zu den spirituellen Fähigkeiten des Menschen. Der Bezug zur Biologie besteht somit nicht im hypothetischen „Gottesgen“ oder „Religionsmodul“ im Gehirn, sondern in dem von der Ethologie erforschten beobachtbaren, natürlichen Verhalten, vorwiegend von Menschenaffen im Vergleich mit Kleinkindern unter Einbezug der Entwicklungspsychologie. Bis hin zu den moralischen Fähigkeiten des Menschen gibt es innerhalb der Ethologie bereits eine Diskussion. Da Spiritualität mit dem persönlichen Erleben, mit Sinn und Werten verbunden ist, kann der biologische Ansatz allein keine Brücke zu ihr schlagen. Um diese Lücke zu schließen, werden psychotherapiewissenschaftliche Modelle methodisch einbezogen. Sie erlauben eine Verbindung bis an den Punkt, wo die Erstpersonperspektive des persönlichen spirituellen Erlebens anfängt. Die strikte Auseinanderhaltung vom Verstehen aus intuitiver und wissenschaftlicher Perspektive und die Setzung ihrer Gleichwertigkeit, ist die Basis für den nicht-reduktionistischen Ansatz dieser Arbeit. Die ethologische und psychotherapiewissenschaftliche Perspektive auf die biologischen Grundlagen der Spiritualität erlaubt eine präzisere Beschreibung dessen, was unter Spiritualität verstanden werden kann.
Sozialgerichte, Spiritualität und Seelsorge
Authors: Tolmein Oliver
Published: January 2020

Die Sozialgerichte Karlsruhe und Gelsenkirchen haben in kurzer Abfolge entschieden, dass auch Seelsorger/-innen Mitglieder eines palliativmedizinischen Behandlungsteams sein können. Damit ist es möglich, auch die von ihnen erbrachten (Gesprächs-)Leistungen mit Angehörigen und Patient/-innen im Rahmen der Palliativmedizinischen Komplexleistung abzurechnen. An Gewicht gewinnen diese rechtskräftig gewordenen erstinstanzlichen Entscheidungen durch ihre Urteilsgründe, in denen sie sich auf die WHO-Definition der Palliativmedizin und auf Erläuterungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Palliativmedizin beziehen und so die weiterführende Frage aufwerfen, ob nicht auch in anderen Bereichen der Palliativversorgung, insbesondere im Bereich der Spezialisierten Ambulanten Palliativversorgung nach § 37 b SGB V, ebenfalls der Beitrag der Seelsorge ein fest in die Versorgungsstruktur eingebundener Bestandteil sein müsste.
An Overview of the Cellular Mechanisms of Flavonoids Radioprotective Effects
Authors: Mashhadi Akbar Boojar Mahdi
Published: January 2020

Considering the remarkable application of radiotherapy in the treatment and diagnosis of various diseases and even nuclear war, it is important to protect healthy tissues and people at risk from the radiation. Currently, there is no ideal and safe radioprotective agent available and we are seeing a great effort to find these agents from natural sources. Phenolic compounds, as well as flavonoid, are presented widely as the second metabolite in plants and they have been considered for investigation according to their benefits for human health, healing and preventing many disorders. The major bioactive benefits of flavonoids include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-aging, anti-bacterial and viral, neuroprotection and radioprotective effects. Their lower toxicity and oral administration have made it suitable for radiotherapy patient, radiation, military forces, and even the general public. This review attempts to provide a summary of the main molecular mechanisms involved in flavonoid radio-protective effects. Data of these studies will provide a comprehensive perspective to flavonoids and can help to optimize their effects in radioprotection procedures.
Alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Mediates Nicotine-induced Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest of Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells
Authors: Hajiasgharzadeh Khalil , Somi Mohammad Hossein , Mansoori Behzad , Doustvandi Mohammad Amin , Vahidian Fatemeh , Alizadeh Mohsen , Mokhtarzadeh Ahad , Shanehbandi Dariush , Baradaran Behzad
Published: January 2020

Purpose: The cytotoxic properties upon treatment with nicotine have been reported in several studies, but the underlying mechanisms remain not fully defined. The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) is one of the important nicotinic receptors, which nicotine partly by binding to this receptor exerts its effects. The current study aimed to investigates the influences of nicotine on cellular proliferative and apoptotic activities and tried to determine the involvement of α7nAChR in these functions. Methods: Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line was used to determine the individual or combined effects of treatments with nicotine (10 μM) and specific siRNA (100 nM) targeting α7nAChR expression. The MTT assay, DAPI staining assay, and flow cytometry assay were applied to measure the cell viability, apoptosis and cell cycle progression of the cells, respectively. In addition, the changes in the mRNA level of the genes were assessed by qRT-PCR. Results: Compared to control groups, the cells treated with nicotine exhibited significant dosedependent decreases in cell viability (log IC50 = -5.12±0.15). Furthermore, nicotine induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest especially at G2/M Phase. The qRT-PCR revealed that nicotine increased the mRNA levels of α7nAChR as well as caspase-3 and suppressed the expression of cyclin B1. Treatment with α7-siRNA abolished these effects of nicotine. Conclusion: These experiments determined that upregulation of α7nAChR by nicotine inhibits HepG2 cells proliferation and induces their apoptosis. These effects blocked by treatment with α7-siRNA, which indicates the involvement of α7nAChR pathways in these processes.
Resveratrol Effect on Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Differentiation to Chondrocyte in Three-Dimensional Culture
Authors: Keshavarz Ghazal , Jalili Cyrus , Pazhouhi Mona , Khazaei Mozafar
Published: January 2020

Purpose: Adipose stem cells (ASCs) are pluripotent cells with the ability of self-renewal and differentiation into different types of mesenchymal cells. As cartilage repair is difficult due to lack of blood capillary, resveratrol (Res) is a polyphenolic compound with diverse biological properties to be possibly used in this case. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Res on differentiation of ASCs into chondrocyte in a three-dimensional (3D) culture model. Methods: Subcutaneous adipose tissues were prepared and digested enzymatically, and passed through cell strainer. ASCs were harvested in the fourth passage, and divided into five groups. The control group received chondrogenic differentiation medium (CDM) while the experimental groups received CDM plus different doses of Res (1, 10, 20, and 50 µM) for 21 days. Expression of cartilage specific genes and Sirtuin1 (SIRT 1), cell viability, apoptosis and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were detected using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), MTT assay, TUNEL and acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining. One-way ANOVA and non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test were used for data analyses. Results: ASCs were differentiated to chondrocyte by CDM in a three-dimensional culture. 10 and 20 µM doses of Res showed the most proliferating effect on ADSCs. The SIRT 1 genes expression and FRAP level also increased significantly compared to the control group (P<0.05). Also, OD of cell increased whereas apoptosis decreased. Conclusion: 3D culture was a suitable condition for ASCs differentiation to chondrocyte, and lower doses of Res exert proliferation effect on ASCs.
Toxicity and Anti-promastigote Activity of Benzoxazinoid Analogs Against Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum
Authors: de Sousa Gilberto , Lima William Gustavo , dos Santos Flávio José , Macías Francisco A. , Molinillo José María González , Teixeira-Neto Rafael Gonçalves , de Siqueira João Máximo , da Silva Eduardo Sérgio
Published: January 2020

Purpose: Here, we aim to evaluate the antileishmanial activity of compounds with a benzoxazinoid (BX) skeleton, previously synthesized by our group, against Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum promastigotes. Methods: Anti-promastigote activity, as well as cytotoxicity, were determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assays. The selectivity index (SI) for each compound was calculated using a ratio of the cytotoxicity of compounds and the geometric mean (GM) of antileishmanial concentrations to each species tested. The comparisons between groups were carried out using a t test or analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA). A P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: All the compounds tested were active, with IC50 falling between 92±6.19 µg/mL and 238±6.57 µg/mL for L. braziliensis, and 89±6.43 µg/mL and 188±3.58 µg/mL against L. infantum. Bex2, Bex3, Pyr1, Pyr2, and Pyr4 were compounds that showed activity similar to the drug Glucantime®, exhibited low cytotoxicity against splenic hamster cells (CC50 raging between >400 and 105.7±2.26 µg/mL) and had favorable selectivity indices (SI 1.12 to 3.96). Conclusion: The analogs in question are promising prototypes for the pharmaceutical development of novel, safer and more effective leishmanicidal agents.
Measurement and Modeling of Solubility of Galactose in Aqueous Ionic Liquids, 1-Butyl-3-Methyl Imidazolium Bromide, 1-Hexyl-3-Methyl Imidazolium Bromide and 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride at T = (298.15 And 308.15) K
Authors: Zafarani-Moattar Mohammad Taghi , Shekaari Hemayat , Mazaher Haji Agha Elnaz
Published: January 2020

Background: Saccharides are considered as abundant, cheap and renewable starting materials for chemicals and fuels. Recently, ionic liquids have been used as green solvents for saccharides. The solubility values of galactose in aqueous ionic liquid solutions are not available. Thus, the main objective of this research was to determine the solubility of galactose in aqueous solutions containing ionic liquids, 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide, [BMIm]Br, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [BMIm]Cl and 1-hexyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide, [HMIm]Br at different mole fractions of ionic liquids at T = (298.15 and 308.15) K. Methods: In this study, the gravimetric method was used to measure the solubility of galactose in aqueous ionic liquids solutions. Results: The solubility values of galactose in water and aqueous ionic liquid solutions were correlated with the activity coefficient models of Wilson, NRTL, modified NRTL, NRF-NRTL, and UNIQUAC. Conclusion: It was concluded that with increasing the mole fraction of ionic liquids, the solubility values of galactose decrease and in fact all of these ionic liquids show salting-out effect on aqueous galactose solutions and this behavior is stronger in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride.
The Oleo-Gum-Resin of Commiphora myrrha Ameliorates Male Reproductive Dysfunctions in Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemic Rats
Authors: Hassanzadeh_Taheri Mohammadmehdi , Hosseini Mehran , Dorranipour Davood , Afshar Mohammad , Moodi Hesam , Salimi Mojtaba
Published: January 2020

Background: The oleo-gum-resin of Commiphora myrrha (myrrh) has a long history of therapeutic use in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to seek for the scientific evidence to determine whether the ethanolic extract of myrrh (EEM) has any beneficial effects on Streptozotocin (STZ) induced testicular impairments, and explore the possible mechanisms underlying such actions. Methods: Forty-eight severe and complicated diabetic rats (fasting blood glucose above 350 mg/dL), randomly were divided into six equal groups (n=8). Besides, eight healthy rats allocated as a normal control group and only treated with vehicle solution. The diabetic animals orally received the extract (100, 200, 300, and 500 mg/kg), metformin (500 mg/kg) or vehicle solution for 28 days. As a final point, plasma glucose and insulin, circulatory sex hormones, sperm parameters including sperm concentration, motility and viability and also testicular malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were assessed. Furthermore, quantitative histological evaluation of seminiferous tubules area and determination of germinal cells apoptosis were performed. Results: None of the studied doses of EEM showed anti-diabetic effects. However, the extract mainly at the maximum dose (500 mg/kg) exhibited beneficial effects on reproductive impairments. The EEM treated rats mainly at 500 mg/kg had significantly higher sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm viability, sex hormones and lower testicular MDA and germ cell apoptosis index than untreated diabetic rats. Conclusion: These results indicated that EEM may have beneficial effects against reproductive dysfunction induced by diabetes. The mechanisms behind the effects might be associated with the EEM sex hormone booster potential, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties.
Comments on "What if Cocrystallization Fails for Neutral Molecules? Screening Offered Eutectics as Alternate Pharmaceutical Materials: Leflunomide-A Case Study"
Authors: Acree Jr. , Jouyban Abolghasem
Published: January 2020

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A Very Fast Time Scale of Human Motor Adaptation: Within Movement Adjustments of Internal Representations during Reaching
Authors: Crevecoeur Frédéric , Thonnard Jean-Louis , Lefèvre Philippe
Published: January 2020

Humans and other animals adapt motor commands to predictable disturbances within tens of trials in laboratory conditions. A central question is how does the nervous system adapt to disturbances in natural conditions when exactly the same movements cannot be practiced several times. Because motor commands and sensory feedback together carry continuous information about limb dynamics, we hypothesized that the nervous system could adapt to unexpected disturbances online. We tested this hypothesis in two reaching experiments during which velocity-dependent force fields (FFs) were randomly applied. We found that within-movement feedback corrections gradually improved, despite the fact that the perturbations were unexpected. Moreover, when participants were instructed to stop at a via-point, the application of a FF prior to the via-point induced mirror-image after-effects after the via-point, consistent with within-trial adaptation to the unexpected dynamics. These findings suggest a fast time-scale of motor learning, which complements feedback control and supports adaptation of an ongoing movement.
Differences in Frontal Network Anatomy Across Primate Species
Authors: Barrett Rachel L. C. , Dawson Matthew , Dyrby Tim B. , Krug Kristine , Ptito Maurice , D'Arceuil Helen , Croxson Paula L. , Johnson Philippa J. , Howells Henrietta , Forkel Stephanie J. , Dell'Acqua Flavio , Catani Marco
Published: January 2020

The frontal lobe is central to distinctive aspects of human cognition and behavior. Some comparative studies link this to a larger frontal cortex and even larger frontal white matter in humans compared with other primates, yet others dispute these findings. The discrepancies between studies could be explained by limitations of the methods used to quantify volume differences across species, especially when applied to white matter connections. In this study, we used a novel tractography approach to demonstrate that frontal lobe networks, extending within and beyond the frontal lobes, occupy 66% of total brain white matter in humans and 48% in three monkey species: vervets (Chlorocebus aethiops), rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis), all male. The simian–human differences in proportional frontal tract volume were significant for projection, commissural, and both intralobar and interlobar association tracts. Among the long association tracts, the greatest difference was found for tracts involved in motor planning, auditory memory, top-down control of sensory information, and visuospatial attention, with no significant differences in frontal limbic tracts important for emotional processing and social behaviour. In addition, we found that a nonfrontal tract, the anterior commissure, had a smaller volume fraction in humans, suggesting that the disproportionally large volume of human frontal lobe connections is accompanied by a reduction in the proportion of some nonfrontal connections. These findings support a hypothesis of an overall rearrangement of brain connections during human evolution.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTractography is a unique tool to map white matter connections in the brains of different species, including humans. This study shows that humans have a greater proportion of frontal lobe connections compared with monkeys, when normalized by total brain white matter volume. In particular, tracts associated with language and higher cognitive functions are disproportionally larger in humans compared with monkeys, whereas other tracts associated with emotional processing are either the same or disproportionally smaller. This supports the hypothesis that the emergence of higher cognitive functions in humans is associated with increased extended frontal connectivity, allowing human brains more efficient cross talk between frontal and other high-order associative areas of the temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes.
Simultaneous Requirements forHes1in Retinal Neurogenesis and Optic Cup–Stalk Boundary Maintenance
Authors: Bosze Bernadett , Moon Myung-Soon , Kageyama Ryoichiro , Brown Nadean L.
Published: January 2020

The bHLH transcription factorHes1is a key downstream effector for the Notch signaling pathway. During embryogenesis neural progenitors express low levels of Hes1 in an oscillating pattern, whereas glial brain boundary regions (e.g., isthmus) have high, sustained Hes1 levels that suppress neuronal fates. Here, we show that in the embryonic mouse retina, the optic nerve head and stalk express high Hes1, with the ONH constituting a boundary between the neural retina and glial cells that ultimately line the optic stalk. Using two Cre drivers with distinct spatiotemporal expression we conditionally inactivatedHes1, to delineate the requirements for this transcriptional repressor during retinal neurogenesis versus patterning of the optic cup and stalk. Throughout retinal neurogenesis,Hes1maintains proliferation and blocks retinal ganglion cell formation, but surprisingly we found it also promotes cone photoreceptor genesis. In the postnatal eye,Hes1inactivation with Rax-Cre resulted in increased bipolar neurons and a mispositioning of Müller glia. Our results indicate that Notch pathway regulation of cone genesis is more complex than previously assumed, and reveal a novel role forHes1in maintaining the optic cup–stalk boundary.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe bHLH repressor Hes1 regulates the timing of neurogenesis, rate of progenitor cell division, gliogenesis, and maintains tissue compartment boundaries. This study expands current eye development models by showing Notch-independent roles for Hes1 in the developing optic nerve head (ONH). Defects in ONH formation result in optic nerve coloboma; our work now inserts Hes1 into the genetic hierarchy regulating optic fissure closure. Given that Hes1 acts analogously in the ONH as the brain isthmus, it prompts future investigation of the ONH as a signaling factor center, or local organizer. Embryonic development of the ONH region has been poorly studied, which is surprising given it is where the pan-ocular disease glaucoma is widely believed to inflict damage on RGC axons.
Mujeres artistas e imagen femenina en Alfar, revista coruñesa de vanguardia (1922-1926)
Authors: Rodrigo Villena Isabel
Published: January 2020

La revista de vanguardia Alfar, dirigida en La Coruña por Julio J. Casal entre 1923 y 1926, realizó una inusual proyección de la creación femenina, difundiendo la obra de poetas, novelistas, compositoras, pintoras y escultoras, en un número irrisorio, pero proporcionalmente superior al de la mayoría de las publicaciones de su tiempo y estilo. Este artículo presenta a las seis artistas plásticas que pasaron por sus páginas: Norah Borges, Sonia Delaunay, Angelina Beloff, Aida Uribe, Laura Olmos y Laura Rodig. Las sitúa en los dos momentos estéticos de la revista: el ultraísmo inicial y el llamado “retorno al orden” o nuevo clasicismo, a partir de 1924. Y analiza su acogida en relación a las ideas sobre la mujer y sobre la creatividad femenina, propias de la vanguardia española de la época.
Experimental DNA Demethylation Associates with Changes in Growth and Gene Expression of Oak Tree Seedlings
Authors: Browne Luke , Mead Alayna , Horn Courtney , Chang Kevin , A. Celikkol Zeynep , L. Henriquez Claudia , Ma Feiyang , Beraut Eric , S. Meyer Rachel , Sork Victoria L
Published: January 2020

Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, where methyl groups are added to cytosine base pairs, have the potential to impact phenotypic variation and gene expression, and could influence plant response to changing environments. One way to test this impact is through the application of chemical demethylation agents, such as 5-Azacytidine, which inhibit DNA methylation and lead to a partial reduction in DNA methylation across the genome. In this study, we treated 5-month-old seedlings of the tree, Quercus lobata, with foliar application of 5-Azacytidine to test whether a reduction in genome-wide methylation would cause differential gene expression and change phenotypic development. First, we demonstrate that demethylation treatment led to 3–6% absolute reductions and 6.7–43.2% relative reductions in genome-wide methylation across CG, CHG, and CHH sequence contexts, with CHH showing the strongest relative reduction. Seedlings treated with 5-Azacytidine showed a substantial reduction in new growth, which was less than half that of control seedlings. We tested whether this result could be due to impact of the treatment on the soil microbiome and found minimal differences in the soil microbiome between two groups, although with limited sample size. We found no significant differences in leaf fluctuating asymmetry (i.e., deviations from bilateral symmetry), which has been found in other studies. Nonetheless, treated seedlings showed differential expression of a total of 23 genes. Overall, this study provides initial evidence that DNA methylation is involved in gene expression and phenotypic variation in seedlings and suggests that removal of DNA methylation affects plant development.