bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SIRT1 Expression and BRAF V600E Mutation in Papillary Thyroid Cancer: Implications for Diagnosis and Prognosis
Authors: Li Tong , Wang Guangzhi , Li Zhenlu , Zhang Ning , Li Yuguo , Zhao Yongfu , Tian Xiaofeng
Published: May 2020

Background

The BRAF V600E mutation is closely associated with aggressive clinicopathologic features and increased recurrence and disease-specific mortality of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog-1 (SIRT1) has long been suggested to have tumor promotor activity and is strongly associated with the presence of BRAF mutations and higher grades of malignancy in many cancer types. However, no evidence or mechanism have been identified in PTC.
Methods

PTC tissue samples and their adjacent normal tissues from 42 PTC patients were collected; qRT-PCR, western blotting, T1799A BRAF mutation testing were utilized and the association with clinicopathologic features were assessed. Three different thyroid cell lines, Nthy-ori 3 − 1, TPC-1 and BCPAP, were used in in vitro studies. Cell counting kits and cell cycle analyses were utilized to investigate the level of cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. Transwell and Matrigel invasion assays were used to investigate the level of cell migration and invasion.
Results

SIRT1 is significantly upregulated in PTC, especially in lymph node metastatic and BRAF V600E-mutated patients. Cell counting kits and cell cycle analyses demonstrated that SIRT1 significantly promoted cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in BRAF V600E-mutated cells. Transwell and Matrigel invasion assays confirmed that SIRT1 promoted the migration and invasion ability of BRAF V600E-mutated cells. Additionally, the results of western blotting showed that the aberrant activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway played a crucial role in the tumor-promoting role of SIRT1 in BRAF V600E-mutated PTC biology.
Conclusions

SIRT1 expression with a BRAF V600E mutation may serve as new candidate targets for the diagnosis and treatment of papillary thyroid carcinomas.
A practical nomogram predicting the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with lymph node metastasis: A population-based analysis
Authors: Zhang Kai , Tao Changcheng , Wu Jianxiong , Rong Weiqi
Published: May 2020

Background: Lymph node (LN) metastasis is associated with poor survival outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and because of the reported low probability of lymph node metastasis, research into the Anchorprognoses of such patients is difficult to conduct. In this study, we aimed to develop a nomogram model to predict the prognosis of HCC patients with lymph node metastasis.

Methods: HCC patients diagnosed with LN metastasis from 2010 to 2015 were enrolled from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Univariate Cox regression and lasso regression were used to screen prognostic factors. Cox multiple-factor analysis was used to investigate the independent risk factors for survival. We developed a prognostic nomograms using these independent risk factors. The predictive performance of our nomogram model was evaluated according to the concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve. The net clinical benefit was assessed via decision curve analysis (DCA). Patients were divided into different risk groups according to the model. A survival curve was drawn using the Kaplan-Meier method and the difference was compared by the log-rank test.

Results: There were 944 patients in the training cohort and 402 patients in the validation cohort. Grade, T stage, surgery to the liver, chemotherapy, radiation recode, AFP, fibrosis score, tumor size group, M stage were selected as independent prognostic factors, and we developed nomograms using these variables. The calibration curves for probability of survival showed good agreement between the prediction by our model and actual observation in both the training and validation groups. DCA indicated that the nomogram had positive net benefits.

Conclusions: The nomogram can accurately predict the prognosis of HCC patients with lymph nodes metastasis and provide a reasonable basis for treatment.

Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma, prognosis, lymph nodes metastasis, prediction model, nomogram
The Mechanism of Ischemic Preconditioning Up-Regulation the Expression of Tissue Kallikrein Protects Neurons from Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Su Lu , Liang Dan , Kuang Shenyi , Dong Qiang , Han Xiang , Wang Zheng
Published: May 2020

Ischemic stroke is an important clinical problem with few effective treatments. Many studies have shown that exogenous tissue kallikrein (TK) can protect neurons against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. In the present study, we explored the possible molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation and function of endogenous TK. Western blot, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) revealed that cerebral ischemic preconditioning (IP) upregulated the expression of endogenous TK by regulating the acetylation of histone H3. Cresyl violet staining was used to assess the neuroprotective role of endogenous TK on rat hippocampal CA1 neurons against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Western blot results showed that IP activated the expression of p-Raf, p-MEK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 by Western blot. Moreover, Western blotfurther determined that endogenous TK upregulated the expression of p-Bad, depressed the release of cytochrome c and Bax from mitochondria to the cytosol and inhibited caspase-3 activation. In conclusion, endogenous TK can play a neuroprotective role and its upregulation induced by IP treatment can activate the phosphorylation of Raf, MEK1/2 and p-ERK1/2, depress the release of cytochrome c and Bax from mitochondria to the cytosol and inhibit caspase-3 activation.
Mine TCGA Database for Tumor Microenvironment-Related Genes of Prognostic value in lung squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Xiao , Li Rui , Yin Yun-Hong , Liu Xiao , Zhou Xi-Jia , Qu Yi Qing
Published: May 2020

Background: Tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a significant role in the development of cancer. However, the roles of TME in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) are not well studied. In our study, we aimed to identify differentially expressed tumor microenvironment-related genes as biomarker for predicting the prognosis of LUSC.Methods: We combined The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Estimation of Stromal and Immune cells in Malignant Tumor tissue using Expression data (ESTIMATE) datasets to identified differentially expressed genes in lung squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment. Then, functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were conducted. The top six genes in the PPI network were regarded as tumor microenvironment-related hub genes. Finally, the relationship between hub genes and tumor-infiltrating immune cells was deciphered using TIMER.Results: Our study revealed that immune and stromal scores are associated with specific clinicopathologic variables in LUSC. These variables include gender, age, distant metastasis and prognosis. In addition, a total of 874 upregulated and 72 downregulated genes were identified. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated a correlation between DEGs and the tumor microenvironment, tumor immune cells differentiation and activation. C3AR1, CSF1R, CCL2, CCR1, TYROBP, CD14were selected as the hub genes. A positive correlation was obtained between the expression of hub genes and the abundance of six immune cells.Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that ESTIMATE algorithm-based stromal and immune scores may be a reference indicator of cancer prognosis. We identified five TME-related genes, which could be used to predict the prognosis of LUSC patients.
Distribution of Serum Adiponectin Isoforms in Pediatric Patients with Steroid-Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Tamai Tetsuro , Kamijo Kaori , Abe Yoshifusa , Hibino Satoshi , Sakurai Shunsuke , Watanabe Shuichiro , Watanabe Yoshitaka , Shiratori Atsutoshi , Nimura Satomi , Takayanagi Takaaki , Watanabe Tsuneki , Nakano Yuya , Ikeda Hirokazu , Dobashi Kazushige , Nakano Yasuko , Mizuno Katsumi , Itabashi Kazuo
Published: May 2020

Background Serum adiponectin circulates in three multimeric isoforms: high-molecular-weight (HMW), middle-molecular-weight (MMW), and low-molecular-weight (LMW) isoforms. Potential change in the circulating adiponectin levels in patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the levels of total adiponectin and the distribution of its isoforms in pediatric patients with NS.Methods We measured total adiponectin and each adiponectin isoform levels at the onset of NS, initial remission, and during the remission period of the disease in 31 patient with NS. We also calculated the ratios of HMW (%HMW), MMW (%MMW), and LMW (%LMW) to total adiponectin and all values in 31 with those of 51 control subjects.Results The mean total serum adiponectin levels in patients were 40.6 ± 16.0 µg/mL, 41.1 ± 18.5 µg/mL, and 25.5 ± 16.6 µg/mL at the onset of NS, at initial remission, and during the remission period of NS, respectively. These values were significantly higher than those in control subjects (12.6 ± 8.5 µg/mL). The mean values of %HMW, %MMW, and %LMW values were 57.0/28.0/14.2 at the onset of NS, 61.6/23.8/14.0 at the initial remission, and 58.1/21.7/17.7 at during the remission period, respectively. Compared with control subjects, %HMW at initial remission and %MMW at the onset of NS were high, and the %LMW values at the onset of NS and at initial remission were low.Conclusions In patients with NS, total serum adiponectin levels increase at the onset of the disease, and the ratio of adiponectin isoforms changes during the course of the disease. Further studies are needed to delineate the mechanisms between proteinuria and adiponectin isoforms.
Evaluation of Circulating microRNAs as Non-Invasive Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer – A Case-Control Study
Authors: Berner Kai , Hirschfeld Marc , Weiß Daniela , Rücker Gerta , Asberger Jasmin , Ritter Andrea , Nöthling Claudia , Jäger Markus , Juhasz-Böss Ingolf , Erbes Thalia
Published: May 2020

Background Ovarian cancer is the seventh most frequent form of malignant diseases in women worldwide and over 150.000 women die from it every year. More than 70 percent of all ovarian cancer patients are diagnosed at a late stage disease with poor prognosis necessitating the development of sufficient screening biomarkers. MicroRNAs displayed promising potential as early diagnostics in various malignant diseases including ovarian cancer. The presented study aimed at identifying single microRNAs and microRNA combinations detecting ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo.Methods Intracellular, extracellular and urinary microRNA expression levels of twelve microRNAs (let-7a, let-7d, miR-10a, miR-15a, miR-15b, miR-19b, miR-20a, miR-21, miR-100, miR-125b, miR-155, miR-222) were quantified performing quantitative real-time-PCR. Therefore, the three ovarian cancer cell lines SK-OV-3, OAW-42, EFO-27 as well as urine samples of ovarian cancer patients and healthy controls were analyzed.Results MiR-15a, miR-20a and miR-222 showed expression level alterations extracellularly, whereas miR-125b did intracellularly across the analyzed cell lines. MicroRNA expression alterations in single cell lines suggest subtype specificity in both compartments. Hypoxia and acidosis showed scarce effects on single miRNA expression levels only. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate the feasibility to clearly detect the 12 miRNAs in urine samples. In urine, miR-15a was upregulated whereas let-7a was down-regulated in ovarian cancer patients.Conclusion Intracellular, extracellular and urinary micoRNA expression alterations emphasize their great potential as biomarkers in liquid biopsies. Especially miR-15a and let-7a qualify for possible circulating biomarkers in liquid biopsies of ovarian cancer patients.
Interactome of SARS-CoV-2 / nCoV19 modulated host proteins with computationally predicted PPIs
Authors: Karunakaran Kalyani B. , Balakrishnan N. , Ganapathiraju Madhavi K.
Published: May 2020

World over, people are looking for solutions to tackle the pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2/nCoV-19. Notable contributions in biomedical field have been characterizing viral genomes, host transcriptomes and proteomes, repurposable drugs and vaccines. In one such study, 332 human proteins targeted by nCoV19 were identified. We expanded this set of host proteins by constructing their protein interactome, including in it not only the known protein-protein interactions (PPIs) but also novel, hitherto unknown PPIs predicted with our High-precision Protein-Protein Interaction Prediction (HiPPIP) model that was shown to be highly accurate. In fact, one of the earliest discoveries made possible by HiPPIP is related to activation of immunity upon viral infection. We found that several interactors of the host proteins are differentially expressed upon viral infection, are related to highly relevant pathways, and that the novel interaction of NUP98 with CHMP5 may activate an antiviral mechanism leading to disruption of viral budding. We are making the interactions available as downloadable files to facilitate future systems biology studies and also on a web-server at http://hagrid.dbmi.pitt.edu/corona that allows not only keyword search but also queries such as “PPIs where one protein is associated with ‘virus’ and the interactors with 'pulmonary'”.
Clemastine Improves Hypomyelination in Rats with Hypoxic–Ischemic Brain Injury by Reducing Astroglia-Derived IL-1β via Autophagy
Authors: Xie Di , Niu Lei , Gao Chengjin , Ge Xiaoli , Wang Yang , Zhu Yajie , Tang Jialong , Fei Aihua , Pan Shuming
Published: May 2020

Background Cardiac arrest can lead to a poor prognosis of the nervous system. Neuroinflammation plays an important role in hypoxic ischemic brain injury (HIBI). Regulation of inflammation via autophagy might be a suitable therapeutic target in HIBI. This study aims to determine whether clemastine can improve hypomyelination by suppressing the activated astrocytes via autophagy and improving axonal hypomyelination in HIBI.Methods A bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) rat model that received continuous intraperitoneal injection (1 mg/kg) for 14 days was employed to elaborate the neuroprotection effects of clemastine. interleukin-1β (IL-1β), nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), histamine H1 receptor, autophagy related protein and OPCs differentiation levels in the corpus callosum were measured. Primary cultured OPCs and co-culture of astrocytes and OPCs were used to explore the link between astrocytes activation and hypomyelination. Data were evaluated by one-way ANOVA with Fisher’s protected least significant difference test.Results Clemastine treatment could reverse hypomyelination and restrain the upregulation of IL-1β and NLRP3 in the corpus callosum of BCCAO rats. Primary cultured OPCs treated with IL-1β showed failed maturation. Expression of LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰdecreased after astrocytic activation. Co-culture of astrocytes and OPCs with oxygen glucose deprivation treatment exhibited NLRP3/1β upregulation and PLP downregulation. Clemastine could downregulate NLRP3/1β and reverse hypomyelination by promoting the autophagy.Conclusions Clemastine could improve axonal hypomyelination by inhibiting astrocytes activation via promoting the autophagy in BCCAO rats, thus might be a viable strategy to inhibit hypomyelination in the corpus callosum of patients with HIBI.
Why Nigerian Secondary School Geography students perform poorly in external examinations: synthesis of WAEC Chief Examiners’ Reports of a decade
Authors: Eze Emmanuel
Published: May 2020

The perpetual decline of students’ performance in WASSCE Geography is an utmost concern, given the present advantages and prospects of the study of Geography. This study undertakes a qualitative analysis of all WAEC Chief examiners’ report from 2008 to 2018 to extract vital information on why Nigerian students perform poorly in Geography, using the grounded theory methodology. RQDA was used for data analyses. Poor map work, inadequate preparation and scanty explanation of points were identified. Ideal Geography teachers ought to be multiplied in schools, with provision of relevant and current instructional resources, and the application of student-centered teaching strategies.
Madame de Staël y Schopenhauer: la compasión y el entusiasmo del «sexo inestético»
Authors: Ruiz Callejón Encarnación
Published: May 2020

En este artículo se analiza la posición de Madame de Staël sobre la búsqueda de la felicidad, el tratamiento de las pasiones y el papel de la compasión, tres temas centrales en Schopenhauer, pero con los cuales ella articula un camino diferente a la negación de la voluntad y a la mera afirmación de la voluntad. Madame de Staël interpretó la compasión, esa pasión femenina por excelencia en Schopenhauer, también de una manera más amplia y en la que la ética y la política se combinan en relación con el arte de vivir en lugar de negar la voluntad.
La Iglesia de América Latina y el Caribe de Hoy. Al origen Medellín
Authors: Martínez Morales S.J. Víctor , Meza Rueda José Luis , Suárez Medina Gabriel Alfonso
Published: May 2020

La Iglesia de América Latina y el Caribe recibe del Concilio Vaticano II una fuerza crítica y profética, que se evidencia en la Segunda Conferencia del Episcopado, reunida en Medellín, en 1968. A partir de la originalidad propia de nuestra amerindia, este Concilio se asume, integra y traduce para vivir su inspiración y derroteros fundamentales. La iglesia de la que somos testigos hoy, 50 años después de Medellín, se ha entretejido desde allí. Prueba fehaciente de ello, en este continente, son aquellas comunidades que testimonian a una iglesia liberadora y misericordiosa, nazarena y samaritana, una iglesia que es pueblo de Dios y de los pobres, una iglesia comunitaria de comunidades y, siempre, en salida. Comunidades que han trabajado en aras de la paz, la justicia y la dignidad de todos; en una búsqueda y respuesta real de organización, de lucha ante la opresión y explotación de cualquier orden.
Experiência religiosa na pós-modernidade. O evento da subjetividade como caminho de nossa humanização
Authors: Caldeira Cleusa
Published: May 2020

Descreve-se a ruptura epistemológica entre a racionalidade moderna e a racionalidade pós-moderna, no que tange à experiência religiosa e o evento da subjetividade a partir do pensamento teológico de Carlos Mendoza Álvarez. Se a concepção do sujeito autônomo implicou a negação da alteridade e o abandono das metáforas de transcendência para a salvação, a irrupção da subjetividade pós-moderna marca a impossibilidade de conceber a humanidade fora da religação com o outro e com a transcendência. Nesse novo contexto, o fenômeno do retorno do religioso surge como sinal dos tempos pós-modernos: sinal de reencantamento da cultura e abertura à outra ordem da existência. É a oportunidade de reabilitar a experiência com o Mistério transcendente do real, cultivado por todas as tradições religiosas, que em linguagem monoteísta chamamos Deus.
El enfoque franciscano y la ciencia. De la Escolástica Tardía a la vía moderna
Authors: Segura Novoa Elizabeth , Patriarca Giovanni
Published: May 2020

La Escolástica Tardía marca un hito en la historia del pensamiento filosófico. En este periodo se establecen las bases de un profundo proceso de transformación en la forma de observar la naturaleza a través de una minuciosa recolección de datos, experimentos y posteriores análisis. El enfoque franciscano da prioridad a aquel sentido práctico del filosofar que se funda sobre la existencia real y desembarca en la acción. Los pensadores franciscanos analizan las realidades del mundo con un dinamismo pragmático sumamente original.
Peacebuilding like a tuner of interreligious dialogue in Colombia
Authors: Solano Pinzón Orlando
Published: May 2020

This paper seeks to propose the peacebuilding as an activity that favors and facilitates interreligious dialogue in Colombia. The eradication of symbolic violence requires the collaborative work of all citizens and institutions, particularly the religious institution. Religions and their organizations have legal constitutional conditions, which recognize, respect and promote freedom of religion and worship, against which they are expected to continue making a significant contribution to peacebuilding. The golden rule, which is part of the reservation of meaning, present in each of them, can serve as an inspiration to take decisions that lead to the social transformation that peacebuilding requires.
Gestão democrática do ensino público em Rio das Ostras (RJ): avanços e retrocessos
Authors: Alcantara Alzira Batalha , Pfeil Marcia Lisboa
Published: May 2020

O artigo, fundamentado em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, investigou as bases normativas institucionais da gestão democrática em Rio das Ostras, município do estado do Rio de Janeiro. A Lei Orgânica explicita a gestão democrática, tendo a participação e a eleição de diretor como pontos centrais. Contudo, as leis que criaram o sistema e o plano municipal não preveem eleição, pautando a gestão sob um viés gerencialista. Conclui-se que, em Rio das Ostras, houve um enfraquecimento da gestão democrática, sobretudo nos mecanismos que deveriam promover a participação.
Uma perspectiva sistêmico-discursiva sobre a mercantilização e a estratégia de gestão do ensino superior
Authors: Laus-Gomes Victor , Andreoni Renata
Published: May 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as escolhas discursivas do Grupo Estácio ao apresentar sua estratégia organizacional. Sob uma perspectiva sistêmico-discursiva, são discutidos os conceitos de sistema, sentido e comunicação. No contexto de expansão da educação privada evidenciam-se novas posturas e práticas educacionais e de gestão que privilegiam a visão de negócio e a mercantilização das relações. Termos e expressões que antes eram restritos ao sistema econômico, sob o código lucro/prejuízo, são incorporados e singularizados em uma semântica própria da estratégia educacional privada.
Doğal Bor Madeni Kullanımının Rezene (Foeniculum Vulgare Mill.)’de Uçucu Yağ Oranı Ve Bileşimi Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: KARAYEL Hasan Basri
Published: May 2020

Rezene (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) ticari olarak üretimi yapılan önemli baharat bitkilerindendir. Rezene; gaz giderici özelliğe sahip olmasının yanında ayrıca koku, tat ve uçucu yağ bakımından zengindir ve ayrıca baharat olarak yaygın kullanıma sahip bir bitkidir. Bu çalışma, Kütahya - Gediz koşullarında farklı bor dozlarının (0, Saf doz, 1/8 dozda dekara 8 lt) Rezene (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)'de bulunan uçucu yağ oranı ve kalitesi üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla, 2017 yılında Dumlupınar Üniversitesi, Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitkiler deneme tarlasında yürütülmüştür. 2017 yılında tarla denemeleri tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Uçucu yağ bileşimi Gaz Kromatografi-Kütle Spektrometresi (GC-MS) ile belirlenmiştir. Uçucu yağ oranları sırasıyla borsuz doz %1.83, saf doz %3.43, 1/8 dozda %1.55 olarak bulunmuştur. Borsuz, saf dozda ve 1/8 dozda yetişen rezenelerin meyvelerinde yapılan 3 farklı dozun analiz sonucunda 7’şer bileşen tespit edilmiştir. Borsuz çalışmada elde edilen uçucu yağdaki ana bileşen sırasıyla; trans-anetol %84.65, limonen %5.92, p-allilanisol %4.18, fenkon %1.12’dir. Saf dozda elde edilen bileşenler ise; trans-anetol %94.52, anisol %3.54, limonen %1.09, fenkon %0.36 olarak bulunurken, 1/8 dozda trans-anetol %92.38, anisole %3.8, limonen %2.85, fenkon %0.35 olarak bulunmuştur.
Yozgat İli Tarım İşletmelerinde Kışlık Buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) Üretiminin Maliyet Analizi
Authors: ERBAŞ Nizamettin
Published: May 2020

Bu araştırmada, Yozgat ilinde kışlık buğday üretimine yer veren tarım işletmelerinde fiziki girdi kullanım miktarlarının ve buğday üretim maliyetinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla gerekli bilgiler, örnekleme ile belirlenen 181 tarım işletmesine uygulanan anketler yoluyla elde edilmiştir. Anketler 2018 yılının Temmuz-Ağustos aylarında uygulanmış olup, 2017 yılı üretim döneminin verileri esas alınmıştır. Çalışmada işletmeler bir bütün olarak ele alınmış ve 1-50 dekar, 50.01-150 dekar ve 150.01-500 dekar olmak üzere üç tabakaya ayrılmıştır. İşletmeler ortalamasında buğday üretiminde masrafların %84.33’ünü değişken masraflar ve %15.67’sini sabit masraflar oluşturmuştur. Değişken masrafların %57.15’i toprak hazırlığı, %28.17’si gübreleme ve ilaçlama, %10.07’si hasat-harman masrafı ve %4.61’i döner sermaye faizinden oluşurken, sabit masrafların %83.84’ü tarla kirası ve %16.16’sı genel idare masraflarından oluşmuştur. Üreticiler 1 dekar alandan 216.73 kg ana ürün ve 221 kg yan ürün (saman) elde etmiştir. 1 kg buğdayın üretim maliyeti 0.75 tl ve ortalama satış fiyatı 0.84 tl olarak belirlenmiştir. 1 kg yan ürünün (saman) satış fiyatı ise 0.19 TL olarak bulunmuştur. Çiftçi 2017 yılında 1 dekar buğday üretiminden 51.50 TL brüt kar ve 19.44 TL net kar elde etmiştir. Buğday veriminin ve birim satış fiyatının düşük, üretim maliyetinin ise yüksek oluşu çiftçinin buğday üretiminden gelirini önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir. Verimliliğin arttırılmasına ve destekleme fiyatlarının iyileştirilmesine yönelik politikalar ile, uygulanacak girdi sübvansiyonları tarım kesiminin kalkınmasına yönelik önemli yöntemler olarak görülmektedir.
Determination of Isoflavones in Nuts, Dried Fruits and Vegetables by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: DAŞBAŞI Teslima
Published: May 2020

In this study, the amounts of daidzin, daidzein and genistein of isoflavone components were determined in nuts, dried fruits and vegetables by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Firstly, the extraction conditions like the rate of the aqueous and organic phase, the total volume of the extraction solution, time and rotation per minute of centrifugation were optimizaed. After extraction conditions were specified, the parameters of HPLC device have investigated. The isoflavone components were extracted by a mixture of 0.1% acetic acid and methanol (20:80 v/v), at the room temperature. The chromatographic separation was conducted on C18 with wavelength of 260 nm at 30 oC. The diode array detector was used. The analytical parameters given as the dedection and quantification limits, linearity, precision and accuracy were determined. The relative standard deviation of method was determinated ≤3 % (n=21) and the calibration curse was worked in the range 1-100 mg L-1. The total isoflavone concentration in real samples from Sivas centrum was determined in the range 9.6 ˗ 469.1 μg g-1.
Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Üzerine Dayalı Yamuksal Bulanık Çoklu Sayıların Yeni Bir Benzerlik Fonksiyonu
Authors: ULUÇAY Vakkas
Published: May 2020

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, çok kriterli karar vermeye dayalı yamuksal bulanık çoklu sayıları üzerinde yeni bir yöntem sunmaktır. Bu nedenle, yamuksal bulanık çoklu sayıların geliştirilmesi için yamuksal bulanık çoklu sayılar üzerine yeni bir benzerlik fonksiyonu, ağırlıklı yeni bir benzerlik fonksiyonu tanımlanmış ve bu benzerlik fonksiyonlarının temel özellikleri incelenmiştir. Buna ek olarak, sunulan yöntemin pratikliğini ve doğruluğunu teyit etmek için metot sayısal bir örneğe uygulanmaktadır.
Süt Sığırcılığı Yapan İşletmelerin Tarımsal Yeniliklerin Benimsenmesi ve Bilgi Kaynakları Yönünden Değerlendirilmesi: Samsun İli Bafra ve Canik İlçeleri Örneği
Authors: AYDIN ERYILMAZ Gamze , KILIÇ Osman , BOZ İsmet , KAYNAKÇI Cevahir
Published: May 2020

Araştırmanın amacı, süt sığırcılığı işletmelerinin tarımsal yeniliklerin benimsenmesi ve bilgi kaynakları yönünden değerlendirilmesidir. Veriler, Samsun ili Bafra ve Canik ilçelerinde süt sığırcılığı yapan 70 işletmeyle yapılan anketlerden elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, süt sığırcılığı işletmelerinde bilgi ve yeniliklerin yeterince benimsenmediğini ve geleneksel yöntemlerin yaygın olduğunu göstermektedir. İşletme yöneticilerinin %47.1’i süt sığırcılığıyla ilgili eğitimlerden haberdar olduklarını, diğerleri ise haberdar olmadıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Eğitimlerden haberdar olanların, eğitimlere katılmamalarındaki en önemli neden %51.5 ile süt sığırcılığıyla ilgili yeterli bilgiye sahip olduklarını düşünmeleridir. Diğer nedenler ise, komşu çiftçilerden bilgi almaları (%27.3) ve eğitimlere katılmak için yeterli zaman bulamamalarıdır (%21.2). Süt sığırcılığıyla ilgili bilgi ve yenilikler konusunda en fazla başvurulan kaynaklar aile bireyleri (%72.9) ve komşu çiftçiler (%67.1) iken, yayım metodu olarak en yaygın kullanılan kitle iletişim aracı televizyondur (%87.1). Süt sığırcılığı işletmelerine aktarılan tarımsal bilgi ve yeniliklerin uygulanabilir olması ve bunların yetiştiriciler tarafından benimsenmesi, kırsal toplumdaki üretim anlayışını önemli oranda değiştirecektir. Yetiştiricilerin bilgi ve yeniliklere karşı olumlu tutum geliştirmeleri, yanlış uygulamaların giderilmesini sağlayacak ve işletmelerin modern bir yapıya dönüşümlerini hızlandıracaktır.
D-Penisilamin, D-Penisilamin disülfit ve N-Asetil-D-penisilamin’in Laktoperoksidaz Enzim Aktivitesi Üzerine İnhibisyon Etkileri
Authors: ÖZYÜREK İşıl , KALIN Ramazan , ÖZDEMİR Hasan
Published: May 2020

Meme, tükürük ve diğer mukoza bezlerinden salgılanan laktoperoksidaz (LPO, E.C.1.11.1.7); antibakteriyel özelliğe sahip bir peroksidaz enzimidir. D-Penisilamin; Wilson hastalığı gibi birçok hastalığın tedavisinde kullanılan tiyol yan zincirine sahip bir amino asittir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sığır laktoperoksidaz enzimine karşı D-Penisilamin, D-Penisilamin disülfit ve N-Asetil-D-penisilamin'in in vitro inhibisyon profillerini belirlemektir. LPO enzimi, % 62,25 verimle 357,92 kat afinite kromatografisi (Sepharose 4B-L-tirozin-sülfanamid) kullanılarak sığır sütünden saflaştırıldı. LPO; D-Penisilamin, D-Penisilamin disülfit ve N-Asetil-D-penisilamin tarafından etkili bir şekilde inhibe edildi. Bu moleküllerin IC50 değerleri sırasıyla 0,584, 0,207 ve 0,552 μM olarak bulundu. D-Penisilamin ve D-Penisilamin disülfit için yarışmalı inhibisyon gösterirken, N-Asetil-D-penisilamin için yarışmasız inhibisyon gösterdi.
Herbisite Dayanıklı Mutant Kinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Hatlarında Bazı Bitkisel Özelliklerin Belirlenmesi
Authors: EĞRİTAŞ Ömer , TAN Mustafa , HALİLOĞLU Kamil
Published: May 2020

Bu araştırma kinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)’nın 2 çeşidine (Titicaca ve Moqu Arrochilla) ait M2 seviyesindeki mutant hatların bazı morfolojik özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Hatlar; 2018 yılında tohumlara sodyum azid uygulayarak mutasyon oluşturulmuş ve M1 seviyesinde tarla şartlarında herbisite dayanıklı olarak belirlenmiş materyallerdir. Dayanıklılık gösteren bitkilerden elde edilen M2 tohumları ile 2019 yılında serada saksı çalışması yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada her iki çeşitten 6’şar hat ve kontrol çeşidi şansa bağlı tam parseller deneme desenine göre saksılara ekilmişlerdir. İki ay sonra saksılardaki bitkiler kökleri ile çıkarılmış; bitki boyu, kök uzunluğu, kuru fide ve kök ağırlığı, sap kalınlığı ve yaprak sayısı gibi morfolojik özellikler belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar çeşitlerin mutagen uygulamasından farklı derecelerde etkilendiğini ortaya koymuştur. Hatların bazı özellikleri kontrol çeşitlerinin gerisinde kalırken, bazı özellikleri kontrolden daha üstün bulunmuştur. Titicaca’da ET-6 hattı bitki boyu, ET-5 fide ağırlığı, ET-1 ve ET-5 kök ağırlığı ve ET-1 sap kalınlığı yönünden ön plana çıkan hatlardır. M. Arrochilla çeşidinde ise EM-4 ve M-114 bitki boyu, EM-5 kök uzunluğu, M-103 fide ağırlığı, EM-5 kök ağırlığı ve EM-4 sap kalınlığı yönünden daha iyi durumda bulunmuştur.
Rotavirus contamination of surface waters from the northwest of Argentina
Authors: Prez Verónica Emilse , Poma Hugo Ramiro , Giordano Georgina Gisela , Victoria Matías , Nates Silvia Viviana , Rajal Verónica Beatriz , Barril Patricia Angélica
Published: May 2020

Fecal pollution of water is a serious concern because it is associated with the transmission of pathogens. The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence of group A rotavirus (RVA) in surface waters from the Arias–Arenales River in Salta, a northern city in Argentina, and to define possible sources of fecal viral pollution. A total of 116 water samples were analyzed and RVA was detected in 3.4% (95% CI: 0.1–7.0%), with concentrations ranging from 1.9 × 105 to 3.8 × 106 genome copies per liter. RVA strains were characterized as G1P[8], G4P[8] and G9P[8], which are common genotypes circulating in the local population. The Arias–Arenales River presented unusual and sporadic contamination by RVA, originated from stormwater discharges and a variety of non-identified sources, and support the essential need of viral indicators for enhanced monitoring of water quality.
Improving and upgrading an existing activated sludge with a compact MBBR – disc filters parallel line for municipal wastewater treatment in touristic alpine areas
Authors: Desa L. , Kängsepp P. , Quadri L. , Bellotti G. , Sørensen K. , Pellicer-Nàcher C.
Published: May 2020

Many wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in touristic areas struggle to achieve the effluent requirements due to seasonal variations in population. In alpine areas, the climate also determines a low wastewater temperature, which implies long sludge retention time (SRT) needed for the growth of nitrifying biomass in conventional activated sludge (CAS). Moreover, combined sewers generate high flow and dilution. The present study shows how the treatment efficiency of an existing CAS plant with tertiary treatment can be upgraded by adding a compact line in parallel, consisting of a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR)-coagulation-flocculation-disc filtration. This allows the treatment of influent variations in the MBBR and a constant flow supply to the activated sludge. The performance of the new 2-step process was comparable to that of the improved existing one. Regardless significant variations in flow (10,000–25,000 m3/d) and total suspended solids (TSS) (50–300 mg/L after primary treatment) the effluent quality fulfilled the discharge requirements. Based on yearly average effluent data, TSS were 11 mg/L, chemical oxygen demand (COD) 27 mg/L and total phosphorus (TP) 0.8 mg/L. After the upgrade, ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) dropped from 4.9 mg/L to 1.3 mg/L and the chemical consumption for phosphorus removal was reduced.
Quantifying the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of changing wastewater quality standards
Authors: Cardenes Iliana , Hall Jim W. , Eyre Nick , Majid Aman , Jarvis Simon
Published: May 2020

Regulations to ensure adequate wastewater treatment are becoming more stringent as the negative effects of different pollutants on human health and the environment are understood. However, treatment of wastewater to remove pollutants is energy intensive, so has added significantly to the operation costs of wastewater treatment plants. Analysis from six of the largest wastewater treatment works in South East England reveals that the energy consumption of these treatment works has doubled in the last five years due to expansions to meet increasingly stringent effluent standards and population growth. This study quantifies the relationship between energy use for wastewater treatment and four measures of pollution in effluents from UK wastewater treatment works (biochemical oxygen demand, ammoniacal nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand and suspended solids). The linear regression results show that indicators of these pollutants in effluents, together with the extension of plants to improve wastewater treatment, can predict over 95% of energy consumption. Secondly, using scenarios, the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of effluent quality standards are estimated. The study finds that tightening effluent standards to increase water quality could result in a doubling of electricity consumption and an increase of between 1.29 and 2.30 additional MTCO2 per year from treating wastewater in large works in the UK.
Application of response surface methodology for optimization of oxytetracycline hydrochloride degradation using hydrogen peroxide/polystyrene-supported iron phthalocyanine oxidation process
Authors: Sun Yue , Feng Xinlei , Fu Shun
Published: May 2020

Inspired by metalloporphyrin-based enzymes, a biomimetic catalyst, R-N-Fe, was prepared by grafting iron phthalocyanine (FePc) covalently onto a macroporous chloromethylated polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin (R), which was pre-functionalized using 4-aminopyridine (4-ampy) as an axial ligand. The novel catalyst was used for the degradation of oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTCH). The response surface methodology was employed to optimize the independent operating parameters, including temperature, catalyst amount, H2O2 dosage, and initial pH value. The results displayed that the initial pH and temperature had the most significant effect on the removal efficiency. Under optimum conditions, the OTCH removal efficiency was 93.98%. Additionally, the classical quenching experiment and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) test indicated that R-N-Fe could generate hydroxyl radicals by decomposing H2O2, which was the main active species for eliminating OTCH. Furthermore, R-N-Fe can be easily recycled and can maintain high stability in the reusability test, rendering it a good potential for practical application.
Economic Nature of A. Yu. Simanovskiy Crypto-Currency
Authors: Novashina Т. S.
Published: May 2020

The author by analyzing theoretical ideas put forward b y A. Yu. Simanovskiy in the research ‘Concerning Economic Nature of Crypto-Currency’, which was published in the journal “Issues of Economics’ provides his own opinion concerning whether currency (including crypto-currency) can have economic nature. This question is not rhetoric and has nothing to do with casuistry. It is essential, principle and touches upon problems dealing with national security. On the basis of system-functional analysis and achievements of modern theory of money and using its fundamental provisions the author considers the content of money in dialectic unity of form transformation (material, money, paper, electronic) and spheres (social – money as a symbol; economic – bank notes; political and legal – monetary units) of their being. It is shown that currency, especially crypto-currency cannot have economic nature. In this connection the author studying the process of historical transformation of international monetary systems with regard to achievements of finance, technical and social engineering aimed at creation of ‘digital gold’ thinks that the social and economic model of the future international monetary system has been tested already.
Life after the Pandemic: Economic and Social Consequences
Authors: Grishin V. I. , Domashchenko D. V. , Konstantinova L. V. , Koshkin A. P. , Ustyuzhanina E. V. , Shtykhno D. A. , Shubenkova E. V.
Published: May 2020

The article was written at the height of the coronavirus pandemic, when unprecedented restrictive measures were taken regarding the activities of a large proportion of economic actors to ensure a regime of self-isolation and social distance. The article attempts, on the basis of a synthesis of expert and analytical materials published during the pandemic in various information sources and the results of sociological studies assessing its real socio-economic consequences, to provide forecasts for the near and distant prospects, taking into account various parameters of an economic and social nature. The impact of the pandemic on macroeconomic indicators, the situation on the labor market, the dynamics of income of the population was considered. The social consequences of the pandemic are analysed separately, in particular in the field of health care, education, social support, social and labour relations, as well as the peculiarities of the relationship between power and society. The Russian economy is facing a recession corresponding to the long-term recession of the world economy. According to the authors, the scale and social consequences of this recession can be reduced for Russia. The formation of an anti-crisis fund to support economic sectors and citizens against the background of the coronavirus situation should lead at all levels of government to the adoption of constructive management decisions and the effective use of each ruble.
The Model of Finance Contour Integration into Organization Strategy
Authors: Maslennikov V. V. , Lyandau Yu. V. , Kalinina I. A. , Popova E. V.
Published: May 2020

Finance management is an integral part of the general system of organization management, it is considered as an object and means of strategic management, as a sum total of methods and ways, which could provide enhancement of finance sustainability and obtaining maximum profits from functioning in the interests of its owners. However, finance management as a part of organization management requires formalization in view of choosing and applying finance tools of strategic planning, where strategy of organization development is seen as goal setting that can ensure the leading positions on market. The article analyzes financial development and organization standing on the basis of finance monitoring conducted by the service of finance control. According to the authors, it could resolve a number of problems, such as development and use of methodology of assessing business value with regard to rising profit, providing full finance accounting to executives and business owners.
Effect of Salinomycin on Expression Pattern of Genes Associated with Apoptosis in Endometrial Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Kiełbasiński Kamil , Peszek Wojciech , Grabarek Beniamin O. , Boroń Dariusz , Wierzbik-Strońska Magdalena , Oplawski Marcin
Published: May 2020

Background::

Salinomycin is part of a group of ionophore antibiotics characterized by an
activity towards tumor cells. To this day, the mechanism through which salinomycin induces their
apoptosis is not fully known yet. The goal of this study was to assess the expression pattern of genes
and the proteins coded by them connected with the process of programmed cell death in an endometrial
cancer cell Ishikawa culture exposed to salinomycin and compared to the control.

Materials and Methods:

Analysis of the effect of salinomycin on Ishikawa endometrial cancer cells
(ECACC 99040201) included a cytotoxicity MTT test (with a concentration range of 0.1-100 μM), assessment
of the induction of apoptosis and necrosis by salinomycin at a concentration of 1 μM as well
the assessment of the expression of the genes chosen in the microarray experiment (microarray HG-U
133A_2) and the proteins coded by them connected with apoptosis (RTqPCR, ELISA assay). The statistical
significance level for all analyses carried out as part of this study was p<0.05.

Results:

It was observed that salinomycin causes the death of about 50% of cells treated by it
(50.74±0.80% of all cells) at a concentration of 1μM. The decrease in the number of living cells was determined
directly after treatment of the cells with the drug (time 0). The average percent of late apoptotic
cells was 1.65±0.24% and 0.57±0.01% for necrotic cells throughout the entire observation period.

Discussion:

Microarray analysis indicated the following number of mRNA differentiating the culture
depending on the time of incubation with the drug: H_12 vs C = 114 mRNA, H_8 vs C = 84 mRNA,
H_48 vs. C = 27 mRNA, whereas 5 mRNAs were expressed differently at all times. During the whole
incubation period of the cells with the drug, the following dependence of the expression profile of the
analyzed transcripts was observed: Bax>p53>FASL>BIRC5>BCL2L.

Conclusion:

The analysis carried out indicated that salinomycin, at a concentration of 1 μM, stopped
the proliferation of 50% of endometrial cancer cells, mainly by inducing the apoptotic process of the
cells. The molecular exponent of the induction of programmed cell death was an observed increase in
the transcriptional activity of pro-apoptotic genes: Bax;p53;FASL and a decrease in the expression of
anti-apoptotic genes: BCL2L2; BIRC5.
New Strategies for Safe Cancer Therapy Using Electrospun Nanofibers: A Short Review
Authors: Doostmohammadi Mohsen , Forootanfar Hamid , Ramakrishna Seeram
Published: May 2020

Electrospun nanofibers regarding their special features, including high drug loading capacity,
high surface to volume area, flexibility, and ease of production and operation, are of great interest
for being used in tissue engineering, and drug delivery approaches. In this context, several studies
have been done for the production of biodegradable and biocompatible scaffolds containing different
anticancer agents for fighting with solid tumors. Surprisingly, these scaffolds are able to deliver different
combinations of drugs and agents, such as nanoparticles and release them in a time dependent
manner. Here in this review, we summarize the principles of electrospinning and their uses in entrapment
of drugs and anti-proliferative agents suitable for cancer therapy. The latest studies performed on
treating cancer using electrospinning are mentioned and their advantages and disadvantages over conventional
treatment methods are discussed.
Novel Benzimidazole Derivatives: Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Properties on Lung Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Yurttaş Leyla , Çiftçi Gülşen Akalin , Aksoy Mehmet Onur , Demirayak Şeref
Published: May 2020

Background:

Benzimidazole derivatives are privileged molecules known to have a wide
variety of biological activities. In medicinal chemistry, due to the ring’s structural similarity to nucleotides,
its derivatives were investigated as new chemotherapeutic agents. Our research group
have been studying 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles, including thiocarbamoyl group and their potential
anticancer activity. Based on previous findings, we synthesized novel 1-[2-(4-substituted
phenyl-2-oxoethyl)]-2-[(2/3/4-substituted phenylpiperidin-1-yl)thiocarbamoyl]benzimidazole derivatives
(3a-o).

Methods:

The obtained fifteen derivatives were studied on A549 adenocarcinomic human alveolar
basal epithelial cell line and mouse L929 fibroblastic cell line to determine their cytotoxic activity.
These compounds were also investigated to identify their apoptotic properties.

Results and Discussion:

The structures of the compounds based on three different groups differ
from each other with the phenyl substituents bonded to the piperazine ring. All of the compounds
showed remarkable antitumor activity, but the first five compounds bearing non-substituted phenyl
moiety exhibited selective cytotoxicity when compared in terms of potencies to the normal cell line.

Conclusion:

Compounds 3j, 3m and 3n were identified as the most apoptotic derivatives; however,
compounds 3e and 3h provoked apoptosis with the percentages of 10.6 and 10.9% and selective cytotoxicity.
Improvement of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: A Double-blind Clinical Trial by Escitalopram in Male Patients
Authors: Shafti Saeed S.
Published: May 2020

Background:

The negative symptoms of schizophrenia remain a major clinical
trouble against psychiatric rehabilitation and available therapeutic treatments.

Objective:

Escitalopram is known as the most selective SSRI with minimal effects on
norepinephrine and dopamine neuronal uptake. The aim of the present study is to assess
the effect of escitalopram on negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

Methods:

This study was an eight-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of escitalopram
set against placebo, as an add-on medication, in the treatment of 50 patients with a
diagnosis of schizophrenia. While the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms was
used as the primary outcome measure, the Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms, the
Simpson-Angus Scale and the Hamilton Depression Scale, as well, were used as a secondary
measure for evaluation of positive, extrapyramidal and depressive symptoms, respectively.

Results:

The primary outcome of the present assessment was a significant reduction in the
mean total score of the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) in the target
group, compared to placebo, at the end of eight weeks. In this regard, most of the subscales
of SANS, as well, demonstrated significant improvements by escitalopram.

Conclusion:

According to the findings, escitalopram can be helpful, as add-on medication,
in amelioration of negative symptoms of schizophrenia.