bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Editorial
Authors: Prado Renata Lopes Costa , Prado Ricardo , Jalbut Magdalena Viggiani
Published: May 2014

Em uma célebre entrevista concedida ao jornalista Joel Silveira, o escritor Graciliano Ramos comparou seu ofício ao das lavadeiras, afirmando que ambos exigiam o mesmo procedimento. Com tecidos ou palavras, um bom trabalho dependeria de uma sucessão de ações de limpeza antes de se pôr a roupa para secar no varal ou a folha para descansar na gaveta – e um dia tornar-se texto publicado.
Autobiografia e representação de si mesmo: Graciliano segundo Graciliano
Authors: Fortunato Márcia Vescovi
Published: May 2014

A partir da leitura de Infância, de Graciliano Ramos, este artigo reflete sobre o modo como o autor se faz representar em sua autobiografia, seja como autor-criador que assume uma posição discursiva a partir da qual enuncia fatos rememorados, seja como objeto do discurso autobiográfico, ao narrar a própria vida e representar a si mesmo como protagonista de sua narrativa.
Leitura e oralidade: algumas possibilidades na educação de adultos
Authors: Souto Maria Alice Nogueira
Published: May 2014

Neste artigo, apresentamos e discutimos algumas possibilidades de integração entre os saberes dos alunos da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) e práticas de ensino em Língua Portuguesa. Partindo do pressuposto de que, ao chegarem à escola, esses estudantes são portadores de uma competência comunicativa que viabiliza sua interação social, nossa questão central é: como os conhecimentos e saberes construídos, sobretudo num mundo em que prevalece a oralidade, constituem-se em estratégia facilitadora do trabalho com a leitura e a produção escrita? Para isso, tomamos como objeto de análise a sequência didática Minha terra, proposta a estudantes adultos – em sua maioria, migrantes – do segundo segmento da EJA. Como resultados, verificamos fluência e desenvoltura na expressão oral, ampliação de competências de leitura, desenvolvimento significativo nos procedimentos de escrita e, em especial, desenvolvimento do gosto pela escrita poética. Constatamos a necessidade de considerar a trajetória de vida e os saberes dos alunos adultos para promover sua inserção na cultura escolar.
O uso de expressões nominais no artigo de opinião
Authors: Siqueira Cínthia Cardoso de
Published: May 2014

Este estudo buscou investigar a maneira pela qual se dá o processo de referenciação construído pelo emprego de expressões nominais em artigos de opinião, com o objetivo de apontar alternativas didáticas para o ensino de língua portuguesa. O corpus analisado foi composto por um conjunto de artigos de opinião que circularam na grande imprensa em torno de temas diferentes, com o propósito de investigar se a temática interferiria nas funções cognitivodiscursivas assumidas pelas expressões nominais. Baseandose em estudos desenvolvidos no campo da linguística textual, a análise do corpus foi realizada tanto de forma quantitativa, quanto qualitativa, de modo a permitir a investigação da recorrência das expressões nominais referenciais em artigos de opinião e, também, das funções cognitivo-discursivas por elas desempenhadas. Os resultados indicaram que as expressões nominais não só são recorrentes em artigos de opinião, como desempenham diferentes funções cognitivodiscursivas em um mesmo texto, tornando-se uma efetiva estratégia para a construção textual dos sentidos.
O artigo de opinião no ensino médio: onde estão os conectivos?
Authors: Fernandes Isabel
Published: May 2014

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de um estudo sobre conectivos (ou marcadores textuais) empregados para articular a argumentação no gênero artigo de opinião. Adotou-se como fundamentação teórica a perspectiva bakhtiniana, com apoio das reflexões sobre coesão elaboradas por Ingedore Koch e Maria Antónia Coutinho. A análise dos marcadores argumentativos usados em artigos de opinião de alunos do ensino médio, de um jornal diário e de uma revista para jovens, levou à percepção de que há grande incidência da justaposição, ou seja, coesão sem conectivos. Observou-se que a justaposição é uma estratégia argumentativa produzida discursivamente em artigos de opinião, ainda que propostas didáticas baseadas em gêneros enfatizem a importância do emprego dos marcadores em sua composição. Nesse sentido, os resultados podem vir a auxiliar outros educadores no ensino-aprendizagem do artigo de opinião para alunos de ensino médio, na medida em que a justaposição pode ser confundida com o desconhecimento do emprego de marcadores argumentativos pelos alunos. Os resultados indicam que o professor, ao trabalhar com a leitura e a produção de texto, possa considerar a coesão por justaposição entre as estratégias argumentativas, tendo em vista que ela incorporou-se ao estilo do gênero.
Corpo, conhecimento e música: Estudos e reflexões para o aprendizado musical
Authors: Fridman Ana Luisa
Published: May 2014

Neste artigo discorremos sobre a utilização do corpo e do movimento como mediadores no aprendizado musical. Para tal finalidade, discutimos sobre o conceito de embodied mind nos estudos da filosofia e da neurociência e seus reflexos em propostas de educadores que trouxeram novas abordagens para o ensino musical. Estudamos também as contribuições de Rudolf Laban e as relações de corporalidade encontradas nos fazeres musicais de culturas não ocidentais para, por fim, sugerir a transposição de tais aspectos para o aprendizado musical em contextos formativos de música em suas diversas gradações.
As redes de conhecimento: uma canção em várias vozes
Authors: Santos de Vargas Gardia Maria , Fochi Paulo Sergio
Published: May 2014

Este artigo apresenta um relato fruto da experiência de duas escolas de Educação Infantil do Rio Grande do Sul na busca de práticas que garantam a participação das crianças em seus projetos pedagógicos. Nomeada Redes de Conhecimento, esta modalidade está permeada pelas ideias de escuta, de narratividade e da documentação pedagógica. Esta prática, realizada com crianças de 0 à 6 anos, faz um diálogo entre os conceitos da Sociologia da Infância e da Pedagogia da Infância e também aborda a dimensão formativa de professores para reflexões a cerca da docência na Educação Infantil.
Relações entre Biologia e Educação Física: olhar de especialistas sobre uma proposta de sequência didática
Authors: Lorena Fernanda Beraldo , Filgueiras Isabel Porto , Pechliye Magda Medhat
Published: May 2014

A atual organização curricular de grande parte das escolas brasileiras se apresenta de forma fragmentada e desconexa, o que limita o desenvolvimento global e integrado das competências e habilidades dos alunos. Os projetos ou sequências didáticas interdisciplinares surgem como uma opção para superar tal limitação. Entretanto, existem poucos estudos que abordam experiências de integração curricular na Escola. O objetivo desse trabalho foi elaborar, a partir do referencial teórico da interdisciplinaridade, uma sequência didática visando a integração das disciplinas  Biologia e Educação Física, a partir do tema Fisiologia do Exercício e submetê-la à análise de especialistas das duas disciplinas a fim de avaliar a viabilidade de realizar a proposta com alunos do Ensino Fundamental II. Os pareceres dos avaliadores das duas disciplinas indicaram que a sequência didática apresentou aspectos positivos como a diversidade e criatividade das atividades, a preocupação com o levantamento de conhecimentos prévios e contextualização dos conteúdos com a vida dos alunos, aspectos considerados importantes no processo de aprendizagem. A sequência elaborada, segundo os avaliadores, é passível de aplicação segundo aspectos de conteúdo e compatível com objetivos propostos, embora tenha sido ressaltada a dificuldade de encontrar uma escola com a disponibilidade de realizar um trabalho interdisciplinar como foi proposto, devido a disponibilidade de tempo, e organização do horário dos professores e ao currículo fragmentado presente atualmente nas escolas. A sequência permite ainda ao professor o exercício reflexivo, que contribui para o aprimoramento da sua prática.
Editorial
Authors: Prado Renata Lopes Costa , Prado Ricardo , Jalbut Magdalena Viggiani
Published: May 2014

Apresentar aos leitores interessados em educação reflexões sobre o fazer pedagógico sempre foi o objetivo fundamental da revista Veras, desde seu primeiro volume, lançado em maio de 2011. E desde aquela edição, gostamos de acolher uma saudável diversidade de pressupostos e pontos de vista...
A qualidade da interação entre pares e a implantação de um ambiente sociomoral cooperativo a partir da literatura infantil
Authors: Borges Anna Karolina Santoro , Tognetta Luciene Regina Paulino
Published: May 2014

A presente investigação, de caráter qualitativo, objetivou verificar possíveis mudanças nas relações entre pares após a implantação de um trabalho com literatura infantil. Tal trabalho foi decorrente de um projeto de formação de professores cuja proposta é a implantação de um ambiente sociomoral cooperativo em sala de aula. A amostra intencional foi composta por 250 alunos (meninos e meninas) de 7 a 10 anos, todos estudantes do ensino fundamental I de redes municipais do Estado de São Paulo. O método utilizado consistiu na aplicação de um questionário em duas etapas: o pré-teste, anterior à implantação do projeto, e o pós-teste, preenchido pelas crianças após o término do trabalho. Por meio de um questionário que continha perguntas sobre três temas principais – as  amizades na escola, a sistemática dos trabalhos em grupo e os sentimentos expressos a respeito do ambiente escolar –, as crianças foram indagadas sobre a qualidade de suas relações entre pares. Os dados obtidos passaram por uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa, sendo estatisticamente tratados. Os resultados do pré-teste e pós-teste foram comparados, e foi possível constatar a partir daimplantação do trabalho com literatura infantil, melhor qualidade nas relações interpessoais vivenciadas na escola.
Ensinar a produzir textos depois de alfabetizar: desafios e possibilidades
Authors: Juhas Sílvia Regina Robles
Published: May 2014

Este artigo apresenta os resultados obtidos em uma investigação acerca da representação de professores de 3º ano do ensino fundamental sobre o que sabem os alunos a respeito da produção de textos e o que ainda precisam aprender sobre o tema. Para tanto, foram analisados textos produzidos por estudantes do final do 2º ano do ensino fundamental, avaliando-se também a leitura que deles fazem os professores. O trabalho conclui que faltam aos professores conhecimentos sobre o funcionamento da língua para que possam melhor dimensionar o ensino da produção de textos e sugere que tais conteúdos sejam desenvolvidos em cursos de formação inicial e continuada.
O processo de produção de resenhas no 7º ano do ensino fundamental
Authors: Alves Tania Maria Uehara
Published: May 2014

Este estudo visa mostrar o processo e o resultado da produção inicial de resenhas por alunos do 7º ano do ensino fundamental. Para tanto, a análise deteve-se em um texto produzido por uma dupla de estudantes, cujo processo de escrita foi registrado em áudio e mostrou-se mais próximo dos textos modelares utilizados como referência para o levantamento das características do gênero. Investigamos o processo de produção textual, as negociações para a definição de sentidos e as possíveis representações envolvidas na resolução do problema retórico por parte dos alunos. A análise foi feita a partir do estudo do contexto de produção, da planificação sequencial do conteúdo temático e das formas de argumentação utilizadas.
Um olhar para a formação de formadores na formação continuada na educação infantil
Authors: Gastaldi Maria Virgínia
Published: May 2014

Considerando-se que o formador é figura central na criação, na organização e no desenvolvimento de espaços de reflexão e construção coletiva de conhecimentos no trabalho de formação continuada, foram investigados os processos formativos relativos à sua inserção em um modelo colaborativo de formação continuada na rede pública. A investigação foi efetuada por meio de grupos de discussão com formadores experientes. Os resultados revelam um começo difícil e penoso, bem como um alto investimento pessoal (pelos próprios formadores) e institucional, apontando para a importância do reconhecimento da complexidade da tarefa do formador e da formulação de políticas de formação e retenção de formadores.
O aluno com deficiência em uma perspectiva multidimensional
Authors: Dias Marília Costa
Published: May 2014

O artigo discute as concepções de deficiência expressas em documentos de referência da atualidade e suas implicações para a escola a partir de uma reflexão sobre o processo de afirmação dos direitos das pessoas com deficiência. A perspectiva multidimensional coloca o foco nas relações entre os aspectos individuais e o ambiente no qual a pessoa com deficiência está inserida, resultando numa abordagem que dá ênfase às dificuldades funcionais, de modo a favorecer a oferta de serviços e apoios para atender às demandas específicas de cada pessoa. Essa perspectiva tem implicações na elaboração e na implementação de políticas públicas em diversas áreas, e também na educação. A análise das diretrizes para a educação nacional permite dizer que o direito à diferença é reconhecido como forma de equiparar oportunidades, mas a estrutura e o modus operandi desse trabalho ainda são frágeis e insuficientes para atender às diferentes necessidades de apoio desses alunos.
Educar para la ciencia. Elementos para delinear una política educativa que apoye la formación de científicos.
Authors: Segura Mojica Francisco Javier , Borjas García Hugo Alejandro
Published: May 2014

En este artículo se analiza la estructura y cambios recientes en el sistema educativo mexicano; se caracterizan algunas de las variables que relacionan a la educación con la investigación; y se concluye con una revisión de los estudios que recientemente se han desarrollado para identificar patrones en el proceso formativo de investigadores. Lo anterior permitirá, a grandes rasgos, delinear estrategias para mejorar la formación de investigadores en México.
α-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone Prevents GABAergic Neuronal Loss and Improves Cognitive Function in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Ma Keran , McLaurin JoAnne
Published: May 2014

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), appropriate excitatory–inhibitory balance required for memory formation is impaired. Our objective was to elucidate deficits in the inhibitory GABAergic system in the TgCRND8 mouse model of AD to establish a link between GABAergic dysfunction and cognitive function. We sought to determine whether the neuroprotective peptide α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) attenuates GABAergic loss and thus improves cognition. TgCRND8 mice with established β-amyloid peptide pathology and nontransgenic littermates were treated with either α-MSH or vehicle via daily intraperitoneal injections for 28 d. TgCRND8 mice exhibited spatial memory deficits and altered anxiety that were rescued after α-MSH treatment. The expression of GABAergic marker glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) and the number of GABAergic GAD67+ interneurons expressing neuropeptide Y and somatostatin are reduced in the hippocampus in vehicle-treated TgCRND8 mice. In the septohippocampal pathway, GABAergic deficits are observed before cholinergic deficits, suggesting that GABAergic loss may underlie behavior deficits in vehicle-treated TgCRND8 mice. α-MSH preserves GAD67 expression and prevents loss of the somatostatin-expressing subtype of GABAergic GAD67+ inhibitory interneurons. Without decreasing β-amyloid peptide load in the brain, α-MSH improves spatial memory in TgCRND8 mice and prevents alterations in anxiety. α-MSH modulated the excitatory–inhibitory balance in the brain by restoring GABAergic inhibition and, as a result, improved cognition in TgCRND8 mice.
Structure-Stability Correlations in Li-ion Battery Cathode Materials
Authors: Patridge Christopher , Love Corey , Dmowski Wojtek , Ramaker David , Johannes Michelle , Swider-Lyons Karen
Published: May 2014

Detailed structural studies of two lithiated metal oxides, Li2CuO2 and nanoscale LiCoO2, have been carried out using ex situ high-energy X-ray diffraction (XRD) and in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) with the objective of understanding structural changes that might cause capacity loss during cycling. XRD on the cuprate was studied at various states of charge and phase composition, and the bulk state was determined by Rietveld refinement and pair density function (PDF) analysis. Results showed a largely irreversible structural change of the material upon oxidation of Cu2+ as well as CuO formation. The in-situ XAS of the LiCoO2 was analyzed through a difference method to extract the changes in the local structure that occur upon cycling in both the near edge (XANES) and extended region (EXAFS). Results suggest that cycling causes site exchange of the Co and Li ions near the surface of the nanoscale LiCoO2.
Structure and Characteristics of Few-layer Molybdenum Disulfide
Authors: Reifler E. S. , Nuhfer N. T. , Towe E.
Published: May 2014

Layered transition-metal dichalcogenides such as molybdenum disulfide are indirect band gap materials in their bulk form but become direct semiconductors when pared down to a single layer. This paper discusses the structural characteristics and properties of single and few-layer molybdenum disulfide. Specifically, we present aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) investigations of the structural properties of this material. This information is augmented with data from Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies on single and few-layer samples. High-resolution TEM images of few-layer and bulk molybdenum disulfide confirm a hexagonal structure for the material. Direct images, along with corresponding fast Fourier transforms, provide valuable information about the crystal structure and reciprocal space lattice of few-layer molybdenum disulfide. One can, for example, determine the in-plane lattice constants experimentally from analysis of the TEM images. Atomic force microscope topographic maps can yield the thickness of a monolayer of molybdenum disulfide; these maps can also be used to determine the thicknesses of multi-layered samples. Analysis of combined Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy data are valuable in confirming the number of layers in molybdenum disulfide samples. Furthermore, the photoluminescence data can provide unique information on the nature of emission from monolayer molybdenum disulfide; it is characteristically different from that of few-layer samples. The spectral location of the monolayer peak emission agrees with what was obtained from theoretical calculations.
Bouncing back or bouncing forward? Simulating urban resilience
Authors: Grinberger A. Yair , Felsenstein Daniel
Published: May 2014

While the direct physical effects of an urban catastrophe are relatively straightforward to assess, indirect and long-term impact on the urban system is more circumspect. A large-scale shock such as an earthquake derails the complex urban system from its equilibrium path onto an unknown trajectory. Consequently, assessing the effect of policy intervention that aims to mitigate this shock and increase urban resilience is fraught with complexity. This paper presents the implementation of dynamic agent-based simulation to test long-run effects of a hypothetical earthquake in Jerusalem, Israel. It focuses on investigating the effectiveness of policy choices aimed at restoring the urban equilibrium. Cities are found to have a self-organising market-based mechanism that strives to attain a new equilibrium. They therefore may not always bounce back – they may also bounce forward. Decision-makers, engineers, emergency and urban planners need to be cognizant of this tendency when designing policy interventions. Otherwise, well-intentioned efforts may inhibit urban rejuvenation and delay the onset of city recovery.
Enhancing Competence and Autonomy in Computer-Based Instruction Using a Skill-Challenge Balancing Strategy
Authors: Kim Jieun , Ryu Hokyoung , Katuk Norliza , Wang Ruili , Choi Gyunghyun
Published: May 2014

The present study aims to show if a skill-challenge balancing (SCB) instruction strategy can assist learners to motivationally engage in computer-based learning. Csikszentmihalyi's flow theory (self-control, curiosity, focus of attention, and intrinsic interest) was applied to an account of the optimal learning experience in SCB-based learning activities. Two empirical studies were carried out, where a group of learners were taught “Computer Networks” as part of a statutory curriculum at a tertiary institution. The empirical results suggested that a degree of self-control to compensate for the fully automatic SCB instruction strategy (i.e., competence and autonomy) would be of a greater value for learning motivation enhancement in adaptive computer-based learning systems.
Effects of Unidirectional vs. Reciprocal Teaching Strategies on Web-Based Computer Programming Learning
Authors: Shadiev Rustam , Hwang Wu-Yuin , Yeh Shih-Ching , Yang Stephen J. H. , Wang Jing-Liang , Han Lin , Hsu Guo-Liang
Published: May 2014

This study aimed to investigate an effectiveness of unidirectional and reciprocal teaching strategies on programming learning supported by web-based learning system (VPen); particularly, how differently effective these two teaching strategies would work. In this study novice programmers were exposed to three different conditions: 1) applying no strategies, 2) applying unidirectional teaching strategies, and 3) applying reciprocal teaching strategies during learning. The results demonstrated that most students had positive perceptions toward VPen and the strategies. In the aspect of cognitive level of programming concept and program writing, students who used unidirectional teaching strategy outperformed students who did not use any strategy. The reason is that unidirectional teaching strategy facilitated students not only to write program codes but also to explain the structure and logic of codes to peers. On the other hand, students who used reciprocal teaching strategies outperformed students who used unidirectional teaching strategy on level of cognition of program concept and program writing. The reason is because the reciprocal teaching strategies, besides facilitating students to write program codes and to explain about them to peers, enabled students to interact with peers through questioning and clarifying each other's codes. This study suggests applying reciprocal teaching strategies to enable students' interaction, which facilitates learning, particularly of novice programmers. That is, students without prior knowledge and skills may obtain assistance from peers when they experience learning difficulties while the instructor is unavailable.
Instruction of Statistics via Computer-Based Tools: Effects on Statistics' Anxiety, Attitude, and Achievement
Authors: Ciftci S. Koza , Karadag Engin , Akdal Pinar
Published: May 2014

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of statistics instruction using computer-based tools, on statistics anxiety, attitude, and achievement. This study was designed as quasi-experimental research and the pattern used was a matched pre-test/post-test with control group design. Data was collected using three scales: a Statistics Anxiety Rating Scale, a Statistics Attitude Scale, and a Statistics Achievement Scale. ANCOVA and MANCOVA analyses the used during the analysis process. The findings of the study revealed that computer-based tools statistic instruction reduces statistics anxiety and improves attitude toward statistics and increases success.
Relationships between Traditional Music Audience Participation and Pro-Social Behaviors
Authors: Polzella Donald J. , Forbis Jeremy S.
Published: May 2014

In order to investigate the relationship between music audience participation and pro-social behaviors, this study analyzed data from 6239 households who took part in the 2008 U.S. Department of Commerce Current Population Survey: Participation in the Arts Supplement. The data were analyzed using logistic regression, in which three specific pro-social behaviors (i.e., voting in the most recent presidential election, making charitable donations or volunteering time, and attending community meetings) were regressed on participation in music (i.e., attending classical, jazz, or opera music concerts). After controlling for the effects of age, race, sex, income, education, marital status, and occupation class, it was found that the likelihood of pro-social behaviors was greater with increases in music concert attendance.
Lifestyle and Metformin Interventions Have a Durable Effect to Lower CRP and tPA Levels in the Diabetes Prevention Program Except in Those Who Develop Diabetes
Authors: Goldberg Ronald B. , Temprosa Marinella G. , Mather Kieren J. , Orchard Trevor J. , Kitabchi Abbas E. , Watson Karol E. ,   for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE

We evaluate whether lifestyle and metformin interventions used to prevent diabetes have durable effects on markers of inflammation and coagulation and whether the effects are influenced by the development of diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The Diabetes Prevention Program was a controlled clinical trial of 3,234 subjects at high risk for diabetes who were randomized to lifestyle, metformin, or placebo interventions for 3.4 years. Diabetes was diagnosed semiannually by fasting glucose and annually by oral glucose tolerance testing. In addition to baseline testing, anthropometry was performed every 6 months; fasting insulin yearly; and hs-CRP, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and fibrinogen at 1 year and end of study (EOS).

RESULTS

CRP and tPA levels were unchanged in the placebo group but fell in the lifestyle and metformin groups at 1 year and remained lower at EOS. These reductions were not seen in those who developed diabetes over the course of the study despite intervention. Fibrinogen was lower at 1 year in the lifestyle group. Differences in weight and weight change explained most of the influence of diabetes on the CRP response in the lifestyle group, but only partly in the placebo and metformin groups. Weight, insulin sensitivity, and hyperglycemia differences each accounted for the influence of diabetes on the tPA response.

CONCLUSIONS

Lifestyle and metformin interventions have durable effects to lower hs-CRP and tPA. Incident diabetes prevented these improvements, and this was accounted for by differences in weight, insulin resistance, and glucose levels.
Electokinetic and adsorption properties of different titanium dioxides at the solid/solution interface
Authors: Khalameida Svitlana , Skwarek Ewa , Janusz Wladyslaw , Sydorchuk Volodymyr , Leboda Roman , Skubiszewska-Zięba Jadwiga
Published: May 2014

Six samples of titanium dioxide of different phase compositions and specific surface areas have been characterized by XRD, Raman-and FTIR spectroscopy, adsorption of nitrogen, electrophoresis. Adsorption of Zn(II) ions at the TiO2/NaCl aqueous solution interface as well as the effect of adsorption on the structure of electrical double layer have been studied. The influence of ionic strength, pH and presence of ions on the adsorption of Zn(II) ions at the TiO2/NaCl solution interface have also been investigated. The zeta potential, surface charge density, parameters of adsorption edge pH50% and ΔpH10–90% for different concentrations of basic electrolyte have been determined. Studied unpurified samples showed lower values of isoelectric point pHiep compared with literature data due to the presence of anion impurities. The antibate dependence between pHiep values and particle size has been established. Adsorption of Zn(II) ions using monophase samples is completed at a lower pH than for the biphase TiO2. Appearance of the point CR3 is associated with the charge turnover from positive to negative at high values of pH and formation of Zn(OH)2.
First detection of acalculous cholecystitis associated with Sarcocystis infection in a patient with AIDS
Authors: Agholi Mahmoud , Heidarian Hamid , Moghadami Mohsen , Hatam Gholam
Published: May 2014

Acalculous cholecystitis and cholangitis are increasingly being recognized as complications of AIDS. The opportunistic parasites that have been most commonly associated with these disorders are Cryptosporidium species, Isospora belli, Cyclospora cayetanensis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi. The authors performed a parasitological survey on the gallbladder tissue sections of patients underwent cholecystectomy due to chronic acalculous cholecystitis at the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Light microscopic investigation in more than three hundred archived histopathological slides revealed the presence of sexual stages (i.e., mature sporocysts) of a coccidial protozoan in a patient with AIDS who developed acalculous cholecystitis as confirmed by histological, parasitological and molecular tests in which Sarcocystis species was the only identifiable pathogen in gallbladder sections. In the best of our knowledge it’s the first documented case of chronic non-calculous cholecystitis due to Sarcocystis parasite in an Iranian AIDS patient from worldwide.
Normalization Considerations for Using the Unilateral Seated Shot Put Test in Rehabilitation
Authors: Chmielewski Terese L. , Martin Christine , Lentz Trevor A. , Tillman Susan M. , Moser Michael W. , Farmer Kevin W. , Jaric Slobodan
Published: May 2014

Study Design

Cross-sectional study.

Objectives

To examine the effect of different normalization methods on unilateral seated shot put test results.

Background

The unilateral seated shot put test could assist clinical decision making in upper extremity rehabilitation, but test results must be normalized to compare across patients. The effect of normalization methods based on body size and upper-limb dominance is unknown.

Methods

One hundred twenty-five collegiate athletes (63 males) performed the unilateral seated shot put test with each upper extremity. Anthropometric measures (height, body mass, arm length) and distance thrown were recorded. Normalization based on body size included ratio scaling and allometric scaling. Ratio scaling was performed with the anthropometric measure having the highest correlation to distance thrown (distance/anthropometric measure). Allometric scaling was performed with body mass raised to the theoretical exponent 0.67 (distance/body mass0.67) and a derived exponent. Correlations of nonnormalized and normalized values with body mass were then determined. The limb symmetry index [(dominant-side distance/nondominantside distance) × 100] was used for normalization based on limb dominance. Sex differences were examined.

Results

Body mass was selected for ratio scaling, and 0.35 was the derived allometric-scaling exponent. Across sexes, only allometric scaling with the exponent 0.35 removed the correlation with body mass. The mean limb symmetry index exceeded 100% in males (108.7%) and females (104.4%). All normalized test results were higher in males.

Conclusion

When using the unilateral seated shot put test in rehabilitation, allometric scaling with the exponent 0.35 is preferable, limb comparisons should account for 5% to 10% better performance on the dominant side, and performance benchmarks should be set within sex. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(7):518–524. Epub 10 May 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5004
Use of Thoracic Spine Thrust Manipulation for Neck Pain and Headache in a Patient Following Multiple-Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Case Report
Authors: Salvatori Renata , Rowe Robert H. , Osborne Raine , Beneciuk Jason M.
Published: May 2014

Study Design

Case report.

Background

Thoracic spine thrust manipulation has been shown to be an effective intervention for individuals experiencing mechanical neck pain.

Case Description

The patient was a 46-year-old woman referred to outpatient physical therapy 2 months following multiple-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. At initial evaluation, primary symptoms consisted of frequent headaches, neck pain, intermittent referred right elbow pain, and muscle fatigue localized to the right cervical and upper thoracic spine regions. Initial examination findings included decreased passive joint mobility of the thoracic spine, limited cervical range of motion, and limited right shoulder strength. Outcome measures consisted of the numeric pain rating scale, the Neck Disability Index, and the global rating of change scale. Treatment consisted of a combination of manual therapy techniques aimed at the thoracic spine, therapeutic exercises for the upper quarter, and patient education, including a home exercise program, over a 6-week episode of care.

Outcomes

Immediate reductions in cervical-region pain (mean ± SD, 2.0 ± 1.1) and headache (2.0 ± 1.3) intensity were reported every treatment session immediately following thoracic spine thrust manipulation. At discharge, the patient reported 0/10 cervical pain and headache symptoms during all work-related activities. From initial assessment to discharge, Neck Disability Index scores improved from 46% to 16%, with an associated global rating of change scale score of +7 (“a very great deal better”).

Discussion

This case report describes the immediate and short-term clinical outcomes for a patient presenting with symptoms of neck pain and headache following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgical intervention. Clinical rationale and patient preference aided the decision to incorporate thoracic spine thrust manipulation as a treatment for this patient.

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(6):440–449. Epub 10 May 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5026
The Influence of Hip Strength on Lower-Limb, Pelvis, and Trunk Kinematics and Coordination Patterns During Walking and Hopping in Healthy Women
Authors: Smith Jo Armour , Popovich John M. , Kulig Kornelia
Published: May 2014

Study Design

Cross-sectional laboratory study.

Objectives

To compare peak lower-limb, pelvis, and trunk kinematics and interjoint and intersegmental coordination in women with strong and weak hip muscle performance.

Background

Persons with lower extremity musculoskeletal disorders often demonstrate a combination of weak hip musculature and altered kinematics during weight-bearing dynamic tasks. However, the association between hip strength and kinematics independent of pathology or pain is unclear.

Methods

Peak hip extensor and abductor torques were measured in 150 healthy young women. Of these, 10 fit the criteria for the strong group and 9 for the weak group, representing those with the strongest and weakest hip musculature, respectively, of the 150 screened individuals. Kinematics of the hip, knee, pelvis, and trunk were measured during the stance phases of walking and rate-controlled hopping. Hip/knee and pelvis/trunk coordination were calculated using the vector coding technique.

Results

There were no group differences in peak hip, knee, or pelvis kinematics. Participants in the weak group demonstrated greater trunk lateral bend toward the stance limb during hopping (P = .002, effect size [d] = 1.88). In the transverse plane, those in the weak group utilized less inphase coordination between the hip and the knee during walking (P = .036, d = 1.45) and more antiphase coordination between the hip and knee during hopping (P = .03, d = 1.47).

Conclusion

In the absence of pain or pathology, poor hip muscle performance does not affect peak hip or knee joint kinematics in young women, but is associated with significantly different lower-limb and trunk/pelvis coordination during weight-bearing dynamic tasks. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(7):525–531. Epub 10 May 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5028
The Relevance of Scapular Dysfunction in Neck Pain: A Brief Commentary
Authors: Cagnie Barbara , Struyf Filip , Cools Ann , Castelein Birgit , Danneels Lieven , O'leary Shaun
Published: May 2014

Synopsis

Though our understanding of motor disorders and mechanical neck pain has advanced, the role of scapular dysfunction in mechanical neck pain remains enigmatic. The biomechanical interdependence between the neck and scapula and the potentially deleterious consequences of scapular dysfunction in the cervical region are biomechanically plausible. Yet the relevance of observed scapular dysfunction in patients with neck pain is still inadequately explained by research. However, studies investigating the association between scapular function and neck pain are beginning to emerge. The purpose of this paper was to review the current knowledge of this topic and consider the implications for clinical practice.

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 5. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(6):435–439. Epub 10 May 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5038
Recommendations for Physical Therapists on the Treatment of Lumbopelvic Pain During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review
Authors: van Benten Esther , Pool Jan , Mens Jan , Pool-Goudzwaard Annelies
Published: May 2014

Study Design

Systematic review of the literature.

Objectives

To review and assess the peer-reviewed literature on the effectiveness of physical therapy interventions in treating lumbopelvic pain during pregnancy.

Background

Current guidelines on interventions for lumbopelvic pain during pregnancy differ in their recommendations for assessment and intervention. Recent publications may allow revising current recommendations for the treatment of this complex problem.

Methods

An electronic search strategy was conducted in PubMed, PEDro, Scopus, and CINAHL of literature published from January 1992 to November 2013. Two authors independently assessed all abstracts for eligibility. Articles were independently rated for quality by 2 authors, using the Cochrane Back Review Group criteria for methodological quality. Where possible, effect sizes were calculated for the different interventions.

Results

A total of 22 articles (all randomized controlled trials) reporting on 22 independent studies were included. Overall, the methodological quality of the studies was moderate. Data for 4 types of interventions were considered: a combination of interventions (7 studies, n = 1202), exercise therapy (9 studies, n = 2149), manual therapy (5 studies, n = 360), and material support (1 study, n = 115).

Conclusion

All included studies on exercise therapy, and most of the studies on interventions combined with patient education, reported a positive effect on pain, disability, and/or sick leave. Evidence-based recommendations can be made for the use of exercise therapy for the treatment of lumbopelvic pain during pregnancy.

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 1a-. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(7):464–473. Epub 10 May 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5098
Ulnar Nerve Neurodynamic Test: Study of the Normal Sensory Response in Asymptomatic Individuals
Authors: Martínez Maria Dolores Arguisuelas , Cubas Carlos López , Girbés Enrique Lluch
Published: May 2014

Study Design

Cross-sectional study.

Objectives

To describe and analyze normal sensory responses to the ulnar upper-limb neurodynamic test (ULNT3) and to investigate the influence of sex and arm dominance.

Background

Neurodynamic tests are commonly used in the clinical evaluation of patients with musculoskeletal pain disorders. While the normal responses of other upper-limb neurodynamic tests have been previously investigated, there are no studies that have reported the normal responses for the ULNT3.

Methods

A total of 68 asymptomatic individuals between 18 and 50 years of age volunteered to participate in the study. Of these, 57 (29 women, 28 men) were eligible for the study. The variables measured were pain intensity using a numeric rating scale, shoulder abduction angle, and quality and distribution of symptoms at the point of pain tolerance of the ULNT3.

Results

There were statistically significant differences in pain intensity and shoulder abduction angle between the sexes, with women having higher perceived pain and lower shoulder angle than men (P<.05). There was a significant difference of 6.6° (95% confidence interval: 1.1°, 12.1°) in shoulder abduction angle during the ULNT3 (P<.05) between the dominant arm and nondominant arm. The symptoms most often described during application of the ULNT3 were stretching (90%), followed by pain, and the most frequent location of symptoms was the anteromedial half of the forearm.

Conclusion

The results of this study provide the normal shoulder abduction angle and quality and distribution of symptoms for the ULNT3. These data can be used by clinicians as a reference when using the ULNT3 in their clinical reasoning and decision making. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(6):450–456. Epub 10 May 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5207
Salmonella Surrogate Reduction Using Industrial Peanut Dry Roasting Parameters
Authors: Poirier D. , Sanders T. H. , Davis J. P.
Published: May 2014

Studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of industrial peanut dry roasting parameters in Salmonella reduction using a Salmonella surrogate, Enterococcus faecium, which is slightly more heat tolerant than Salmonella. Runner-type peanuts were inoculated with E. faecium and roasted in a laboratory scale roaster simulator in which temperature, airflow, airflow direction and bed depth were highly controlled, allowing for conditions that duplicate industrial dry roasting. Temperature data were collected at the top, middle and bottom of the roasting bed in addition to internal peanut temperature via thermocouples in the bed of peanuts and embedded in a peanut. Regardless of roast conditions, peanuts in the middle of the roasting bed received the least amount of heat and hence, represent the worst case scenario for microbial reduction. E. faecium reductions, reported as the logarithm of colony forming units/g (log CFU/g), followed a linear trend with increasing roasting time when peanuts were roasted at 149, 163, and 177 C, with > 5-log CFU/g reductions occurring at the middle of the peanut bed after 21, 15 and 11 min, respectively, at a bed depth of 75 mm and an air flow of 1.3 m/s. Increased air flow increased E. faecium reduction. At 16 min roast time and a 75 mm bed depth, reduction at the middle of the bed was ≤ 3-log CFU/g at 1 m/s and > 5-log CFU/g at 1.3 m/s. When all other roast parameters were held constant, decreasing bed depth also increased reduction of E. faecium in the middle of the bed. Comparing various samples roasted at 149, 163 and 177 C over a range of times, roast color (Hunter L-value) was positively correlated (R2  =  0.73) with the log reduction of E. faecium. Most peanuts with an L-value darker than 53, a common threshold for light roast had ≥ 5-log CFU/g reductions; however, further study is required, including roasting peanuts from different origins and maturity, to fully understand the implications of roast color development and microbial reduction. This work provides valuable practical information for manufacturers of roasted peanuts when validating Salmonella reductions under a particular set of roasting parameters.
Diagnostic accuracy of intraocular pressure measurement for the detection of raised intracranial pressure: meta-analysis
Authors: Yavin Daniel , Luu Judy , James Matthew T. , Roberts Derek J. , Sutherland Garnette R. , Jette Nathalie , Wiebe Samuel
Published: May 2014

Object

Because clinical examination and imaging may be unreliable indicators of intracranial hypertension, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement has been proposed as a noninvasive method of diagnosis. The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the correlation between IOP and intracranial pressure (ICP) and the diagnostic accuracy of IOP measurement for detection of intracranial hypertension.

Methods

The authors searched bibliographic databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) from 1950 to March 2013, references of included studies, and conference abstracts for studies comparing IOP and invasive ICP measurement. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts, reviewed full-text articles, and extracted data. Correlation coefficients, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were calculated using DerSimonian and Laird methods and bivariate random effects models. The I2 statistic was used as a measure of heterogeneity.

Results

Among 355 identified citations, 12 studies that enrolled 546 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled correlation coefficient between IOP and ICP was 0.44 (95% CI 0.26–0.63, I2 = 97.7%, p < 0.001). The summary sensitivity and specificity for IOP for diagnosing intracranial hypertension were 81% (95% CI 26%–98%, I2 = 95.2%, p < 0.01) and 95% (95% CI 43%–100%, I2 = 97.7%, p < 0.01), respectively. The summary positive and negative likelihood ratios were 14.8 (95% CI 0.5–417.7) and 0.2 (95% CI 0.02–1.7), respectively. When ICP and IOP measurements were taken within 1 hour of another, correlation between the measures improved.

Conclusions

Although a modest aggregate correlation was found between IOP and ICP, the pooled diagnostic accuracy suggests that IOP measurement may be of clinical utility in the detection of intracranial hypertension. Given the significant heterogeneity between included studies, further investigation is required prior to the adoption of IOP in the evaluation of intracranial hypertension into routine practice.
Modernism's Dancing Marionettes: Oskar Schlemmer, Michel Fokine, and Ito Michio
Authors: Preston Carrie J.
Published: May 2014

Marionettes have inspired dance productions for centuries. In the early twentieth century, choreographers used the figure of the puppet to negotiate tensions between modern mechanization, national folk traditions, and expressive human movement. Modernism's dancing marionettes leap across national borders and genres of dance to appear in Michel Fokine's Petrouchka (1911), the Marionette Dance (1916) of Japanese-born modern dancer Ito Michio, and Bauhaus artist Oskar Schlemmer's Das Triadische Ballett (Triadic Ballet, 1922). All were influenced by modernist marionette theories that referenced Heinrich von Kleist and Gordon Craig. Ballet, modern, and avant-garde dance are often considered separate trajectories in modernism, but their use of the dancing marionette demonstrates a common impulse to explore the relation between machine and human movements.
Leading, Following or Complementing in Economic Crisis: A Conceptual Model Illustrating Nonprofit Relationships with Public Schools
Authors: Paarlberg Laurie , Nesbit Rebecca , Clerkin Richard , Christensen Robert
Published: May 2014

Public and nonprofit organizations, entwined in the delivery of public goods and services, are in the midst of challenging economic times. In these circumstances, sound collaborative leadership may help bridge budget and program service delivery shortfalls. In this paper, we examine the administrative dynamics of mutual reliance between two prominent public and nonprofit organizations: public schools and parent-teacher groups (PTGs). We conclude that the partnership is changing as a result of external, economic forces. In essence, we are seeing a threat-rigidity response. The economic crisis may be responsible for causing PTGs to narrow their range of activities away from broader strategic issues that can be addressed through their confrontation activities and advocacy mission towards a narrower focus on classroom activities that protect core school operations, namely instruction.