bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two-year visual and psychological outcomes of ranibizumab and subsequent treatment for diabetic macular oedema in Japan (MERCURY)
Authors: Sakamoto Taiji , Shimura Masahiko , Kitano Shigehiko , Ohji Masahito , Ogura Yuichiro , Yamashita Hidetoshi , Suzaki Makoto , Mori Kimie , Kozawa Masanari , Yap Poh Sin , Kaneko Takeumi , Ishibashi Tatsuro
Published: October 2022

Objective

We report the 2-year visual and psychological outcomes of the MERCURY study, examining the long-term effectiveness and safety of ranibizumab and subsequent therapy in Japanese patients with diabetic macular oedema with impaired visual acuity (VA) in the real-world setting.

Methods and analysis

This was a 24-month, phase 4, open-label, single-arm, multicentre, prospective, observational study. Following an initial dose of ranibizumab (0.5 mg) by intravitreal injection (0.05 mL), treatment was administered as needed after month 1. The primary treated eye (PTE) was the first eye that received a ranibizumab injection.

Results

In total, 209 patients were enrolled; 192 (91.9%) and 174 (83.3%) completed months 12 and 24, respectively. In the PTE set, mean±SD changes in best-corrected VA (BCVA) from baseline to months 12 (primary endpoint) and 24 were −0.08±0.35 (p=0.015) and −0.13±0.30 (p<0.001) logarithmic minimum angle of resolution, respectively. Mean±SD central subfoveal thickness (CSFT) changes from baseline to months 12 and 24 were −102.3±146.1 µm (p<0.001) and −103.6±157.2 µm (p<0.001), respectively. Patients receiving three injections during the first 2 months had greater BCVA improvements throughout the study than those receiving 1–2 consecutive injections. Overall, 91 (43.5%) and 130 (62.2%) patients had ocular and non-ocular adverse events, respectively. At month 24, the mean±SD Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)-Anxiety and HADS-Depression scores decreased by 0.44±3.75 (p=0.196) and 0.19±3.38 (p=0.541), respectively.

Conclusions

At 24 months after initiation of ranibizumab and subsequent treatment, patients showed significant BCVA and CSFT improvements. Long-term treatment was considered safe and tolerable and did not lead to worsened psychological status.
Identifying common health indicators from paediatric core outcome sets: a systematic review with narrative synthesis using the WHO International Classification of Functioning, Health and Disability
Authors: Harbottle Victoria , Arnott Bronia , Gale Chris , Rowen Elizabeth , Kolehmainen Niina
Published: October 2022

Background

Indicators of child health have the potential to inform societal conversations, decision-making and prioritisation. Paediatric core outcome sets are an increasingly common way of identifying a minimum set of outcomes for trials within clinical groups. Exploring commonality across existing sets may give insight into universally important and inclusive child health indicators.

Methods

A search of the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trial register from 2008 to 2022 was carried out. Eligible articles were those reporting on core outcome sets focused on children and young people aged 0–18 years old. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) was used as a framework to categorise extracted outcomes. Information about the involvement of children, young people and their families in the development of sets was also extracted.

Results

206 articles were identified, of which 36 were included. 441 unique outcomes were extracted, mapping to 22 outcome clusters present across multiple sets. Medical diagnostic outcomes were the biggest cluster, followed by pain, communication and social interaction, mobility, self-care and school. Children and young people’s views were under-represented across core outcome sets, with only 36% of reviewed studies including them at any stage of development.

Conclusions

Existing paediatric core outcome sets show overlap in key outcomes, suggesting the potential for generic child health measurement frameworks. It is unclear whether existing sets best reflect health dimensions important to children and young people, and there is a need for better child and young person involvement in health indicator development to address this.
Autophagic flux restoration enhances the antitumor efficacy of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes
Authors: Zhang Chaoting , Sun Yizhe , Li Shance , Shen Luyan , Teng Xia , Xiao Yefei , Wu Nan , Lu Zheming
Published: October 2022

Background

Although adoptive cell therapy with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has mediated effective antitumor responses in several cancers, dysfunction and exhaustion of TILs significantly impair the therapeutic effect of TILs. Thus, it is essential to elucidate the exhausted characteristics of TILs and improve the antitumor effect of TILs by reversing their exhaustion. Here, we focused on the influence of autophagy on TILs in terms of T-cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation in vitro and in vivo.

Methods

We first evaluated autophagy level of TILs and influence of spermidine treatment on autophagy levels of TILs. Furthermore, we assessed the proliferative potential, phenotypical characteristics, T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and antitumor activity of TILs with and without spermidine treatment.

Results

We found that autophagic flux of TILs, especially exhausted TILs that express inhibitory immunoreceptors and have impaired proliferative capacity and decreased production of cytotoxic effector molecules, was significantly impaired. The restoration of autophagic flux via spermidine treatment resulted in increased diversity of the TCR repertoire, reduced expression of inhibitory immunoreceptors (PD1, TIM3, or LAG3), enhanced proliferation and effector functions, which subsequently demonstrated the superior in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of TILs. Our findings unveil that spermidine, as an autophagy inducer, reverses dysfunction and exhaustion of TILs and subsequently improves the antitumor activity of TILs.

Conclusions

These data suggest that spermidine treatment presents an opportunity to improve adoptive TIL therapy for the treatment of solid tumors.
Preparation of pelargonic acid vesicles and sustained drug release
Authors: Wang Zhimei , Zhang Yuehuan , Chen Qing , Xiao Xin , Redshaw Carl
Published: October 2022

This study has selected the medium-chain saturated fatty acid pelargonic acid as the raw material for the first time, and added the surface catalyst Tween 80 to the aqueous solution to form pelargonic acid–Tween 80 composite vesicles by a surface tension method. The compound vesicle was used to encapsulate five heterocyclic drugs (cefazolin sodium, chlorpromazine hydrochloride, gemcitabine hydrochloride, metronidazole, and isoniazid), all of which have disadvantages when used directly, and the effects of the vesicles on the five kinds of drugs were evaluated in terms of encapsulation rate and the in vitro sustained release in a simulated artificial intestinal fluid environment. The results revealed that the pelargonic acid–Tween 80 composite vesicles exhibit an encapsulation efficiency above 45%, and that the encapsulated drugs achieve a cumulative release effect of 6–10 h in a simulated artificial intestinal fluid environment, and the cumulative release rate is above 35%. This study proves that pelargonic acid–Tween 80 composite vesicles can be used as a carrier for encapsulated drugs, and this can extend the time of action of the drugs. This research illustrates the potential for application of pelargonic acid in the field of medicine.
Investigation of self-healing properties of nanoclay-modified asphalt binder using two-piece healing test
Authors: Monteiro Liniker , Moghaddam Taher Baghaee , Freed Kalen , Shafiee Mohammad , Maadani Omran , Hashemian Leila
Published: October 2022

Asphalt's self-healing properties demonstrate the capability to partially or even fully restore the damage caused by external loads, which could be improved using innovative modifying materials. In this study, the impact of nanoclays on asphalt performance grading (PG), complex shear modulus, and self-healing properties are investigated on a laboratory scale. The intrinsic healing phenomenon of the analyzed binders is measured using a two-piece healing test. Prepared by high shear mixing, the modified binders containing different dosages of two types of organo-modified montmorillonites were evaluated in this paper. In addition to the Superpave PG, the dispersion method's effectiveness was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. This study indicates that nanoclays improve the high-temperature performance grade of the binder, while they do not hinder the low-temperature performance. Finally, nanoclay-modified binders showed higher shear strength and improved self-healing properties compared to the unmodified binder.
Nucleon axial form factor at large momentum transfers
Authors: Chen Chen , Roberts Craig D.
Published: October 2022

Using a Poincaré-covariant quark+diquark Faddeev equation and related symmetry-preserving weak interaction current, we deliver parameter-free predictions for the nucleon axialvector form factor, $$G_A(Q^2)$$

G
A

(

Q
2

)

, on the domain $$0\le x=Q^2/m_N^2\le 10$$

0
≤
x
=

Q
2

/

m
N
2

≤
10

, where $$m_N$$

m
N

is the nucleon mass. We also provide a detailed analysis of the flavour separation of the proton $$G_A$$

G
A

into contributions from valence u and d quarks; and with form factors available on such a large $$Q^2$$

Q
2

domain, predictions for the flavour-separated axial-charge light-front transverse spatial density profiles. Our calculated axial charge ratio $$g_A^d/g_A^u=-0.32(2)$$

g
A
d

/

g
A
u

=
-
0.32

(
2
)

is consistent with available experimental data and markedly larger in magnitude than the value typical of nonrelativistic quark models. The value of this ratio is sensitive to the strength of axialvector diquark correlations in the Poincaré-covariant nucleon wave function. Working with a realistic axialvector diquark content, the d and u quark transverse density profiles are similar. Some of these predictions could potentially be tested with new data on threshold pion electroproduction from the proton at large $$Q^2$$

Q
2

.
Entropic uncertainty relation of two-qubit detectors coupled to scalar fields in an expanding spacetime
Authors: Yang Huan , Xing Ling-Ling , Kong Min , Zhang Gang , Ye Liu
Published: October 2022

The principles of quantum information provide new avenues to investigate the cosmos. The uncertainty principle is an important trait of the nonclassical world, and it characterizes a significant lower bound (LB) that can be used to estimate measurement results for two noncommuting observables. Subsequently, the uncertainty principle is generalized to a new version by using the entropy and the quantum memory, that is, the quantum-memory-assisted entropic uncertainty relations (Q-M-A-E-U-Rs). Here, considering two qubit detectors coupled to scalar fields, we explore the effects of different cosmic parameters on Q-M-A-E-U-Rs and reveal the influence of the Holevo quantity on the LB of a Q-M-A-E-U-R. It is revealed that an increase in the expansion rapidity of spacetime can enhance the entropic uncertainty and decrease the ability to accurately predict the measurement outcome. The volume expansion leads to the invariance of the entropic uncertainty. An increase in the particle mass of the scalar field causes degradation in entropic uncertainty. In addition, the influence of the Holevo quantity on the Q-M-A-E-U-R’s LB can be ignored if one considers$$({\sigma _x},{\sigma _y})$$(σx,σy)as two complementary observables. Therefore, one can use the Adabi bound and Berta bound to equivalently predict the left-hand side (LHS) of the Q-M-A-E-U-R in this situation. However, when$$({\sigma _x},{\sigma _z})$$(σx,σz)are chosen as two noncommuting observables, the effect of the Holevo quantity on the LB of the uncertainty relation cannot be ignored, and the Adabi bound can always precisely achieve the LHS and predict entropic uncertainty.
A note on generalized Thurston–Bennequin inequalities
Authors: Iida Nobuo , Konno Hokuto , Taniguchi Masaki
Published: October 2022

We give a generalized Thurston–Bennequin-type inequality for links in [Formula: see text] using a Bauer–Furuta-type invariant for four-manifolds with contact boundary introduced by the first aut hor. As a special case, we also give an adjunction inequality for smoothly embedded orientable surfaces with negative intersection in a closed oriented smooth four-manifold whose non-equivariant Bauer–Furuta invariant is nonzero.
Dynamics of constant sound speed inspires warm inflation
Authors: Jawad Abdul , Sultan Abdul Malik , Azhar Nadeem
Published: October 2022

In this work, we consider a modern form of single-field inflationary models (known as power-law plateau inflation and preheating phase for a class of plateau inflationary model) and ASPIC models by considering the Dirac–Born–Infeld (DBI) non-canonical scalar field in the light of warm inflationary scenario. For these models, we assume constant sound speed [Formula: see text] and compute different slow-roll [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] as well as inflationary parameters (number of [Formula: see text]-folds [Formula: see text], spectral index [Formula: see text], scalar spectral index [Formula: see text] and tensor-to-scalar ratio [Formula: see text]) for specific anti-de Sitter warp factor of the DBI inflation. Next, we plot the trajectories of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] with different choices of [Formula: see text] and found the ranges [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] (for minimal inflation model), [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] (for modified minimal inflation model) and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] (mixed large field inflation), respectively. Moreover, the ranges of these parametric plots for power-law plateau inflationary model are [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. Finally, we find that the results of all these parametric plots are consistent with 68% and 95% with current observational data except scalar-to-tensor ratio [Formula: see text] for modified minimal and power-law Plateau inflation models.
Study of isospin eigenstates of the pentaquark molecular states with strangeness
Authors: Wang Xiu-Wu , Wang Zhi-Gang
Published: October 2022

In the paper, we construct eight color singlet–singlet-type five-quark currents with distinguished isospins to study the [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] molecular states with strangeness via the QCD sum rules. Numerical results show that the central values of the pentaquark masses with higher (lower) isospin are slightly above (below) the thresholds of the corresponding meson–baryon pairs, and support assigning the [Formula: see text] as the [Formula: see text] molecular state with the quantum numbers [Formula: see text]. The other predictions can be confronted to the experimental data in the future.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND SURFACE FINISH IN TURNING OF Al-4032/6% SiC COMPOSITE FABRICATED THROUGH STIR CASTING
Authors: SAINI PARDEEP , SINGH PRADEEP K.
Published: October 2022

The aluminum-based composites (AMCs) are known for a variety of functions like building, aerospace, automotive, marine, and aeronautical applications. In this research, Al-4032 alloy-based 6% SiC (by weight) composite has been fabricated using stir casting and the effects of prominent machining parameters on energy consumption and surface finish have been examined using carbide inserts in turning. Microstructures of as-cast specimens has been analyzed using the optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The CNC turning has been performed at varying machining parameters like cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut, following an RSM-based design matrix. The desirability function approach has been employed to obtain the best combination of parameters for achieving the desired objectives. The experimental outcome demonstrates that the machined composite is considerably influenced by built-up edge (BUE) formation and interfacial bonding of particles. The result establishes that the inclusion of SiC in the Al-4032 matrix demonstrates improved mechanical properties and superior machined surface with the optimized turning operation.
EXPLORE THE MECHANISM OF QUANTUM DOTS AS FLUORESCENT SENSOR TO DETECT HEAVY METAL IONS USING A SYNCHRONOUS FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION TECHNIQUE
Authors: LONG XIANG , WU SHAOGUI
Published: October 2022

By combining synchronous fluorescence (SF) spectroscopy and fluorescence polarization (FP) technology, a new spectral technique, termed synchronous fluorescence polarization (SFP) can be obtained. It inherits the advantages of both, such as high sensitivity, less sample demand, rapid detection, and so on. This concept has been proposed before without implementation details. In this work, a detailed implementation scheme of the technology is proposed, including the hardware requirements of the instrument, the measurement and calculation of the instrument correction factor G-factor, the spectral acquisition, the removal of inner filter effect (IFE), the removal of solvent background and the calculation and analysis of anisotropy. Furthermore, exploring the mechanism of quantum dots (QDs) as fluorescent sensor to detect heavy metal ions was taken as an example to introduce the application of the SFP method. Through detecting SF anisotropy, the mechanism of QDs probing [Formula: see text] ion was explained. If an appropriate fluorescent polarization enhancer is chosen, SFP can be used for quantitative detection. This work provides a specific implementation scheme of the SFP technology for the first time, which expands the application of fluorescence technology.
Frequency Identification and Damage Detection of Bridges Using Virtual Contact-Point Responses of Railway Vehicle
Authors: Zhan Jiawang , Liu Yaxiong , Li Jiantao , Wang Yujie
Published: October 2022

This paper proposed an indirect bridge frequency identification and damage detection method based on the virtual contact-point (CP) responses of railway vehicles moving over the bridge. The virtual CP response is acquired to reduce the inverse effects of the track irregularity and vehicle dynamic components on the indirect bridge monitoring of the vehicle–bridge interaction (VBI) system. By combining the virtual CP responses of multiple connected vehicles, the first three bridge frequencies can be identified when vehicles run at high speed. The synchrosqueezing transform (SST) is then adopted to extract bridge-related dynamic components from the virtual CP response for bridge modal identification. The time-frequency (TF) representation of the virtual CP response using SST is further analyzed for bridge damage detection. The spectral entropy (SE) of the TF representation is introduced to quantify TF changes and serves as a damage index for bridge damage localization. Numerical studies are conducted to investigate the effects of measurement noise, damage conditions, and track irregularity on the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results demonstrate that SE is a good indicator for damage detection, and that the proposed method combined with wavelet denoising has good anti-noise performance and can well locate bridge damage using virtual CP response.
A Symplectic Analytical Approach for Torsional Buckling of Cylindrical Shells with Asymmetric Local Defects
Authors: Lai Andi , Fu Guo , Liu Peiqi
Published: October 2022

A torsional buckling model of cylindrical shells with asymmetric local thickness defect is established based on the Hamiltonian system. The critical load and torsional buckling mode of cylindrical shells with defects are obtained by the symplectic eigensolution expansion method, which overcomes the difficulty of constructing the deflection function of the traditional semi-inverse method. Local buckling modes can be captured by this new analytical model with the superposition of symplectic eigensolutions. To ensure accuracy and validity of the symplectic method, the analytical solution with torsional buckling of a cylindrical shell is compared with the classical solution and the finite element method (FEM) solution. The results show that the most detrimental position of the defect is only related to the width of the defect, not to the depth. The local defect changes the circumferential buckling wave number of the cylindrical shell and concentrates the torsional corrugation on the side containing the defect. Torque symmetry is broken due to the asymmetric defect, and the most detrimental defect direction for buckling is the same as the direction of torsional buckling wavelet.
Generation of Surface Roughness Profiles for Inclusion in Vehicle–Bridge Interaction Analysis and Test Application
Authors: Xu H. , Wang M. H. , Wang Z. L. , Yang D. S. , Liu Y. H. , Yang Y. B.
Published: October 2022

Vehicle’s wheels were mostly modeled as a point, which can touch the valleys of pavement roughness, creating unrealistic high-frequency oscillation. This can be avoided by using the disk model for the wheels, which however adds significant complexity to the vehicle–bridge interaction (VBI) analysis. In this paper, a refined roughness formula is generated to account for the wheel size effect such that it can be used by point model. Still, the low-frequency part of the roughness presents some masking effect on the bridge scanning by the test vehicle. To this end, two countermeasures are suggested, i.e. residual response and traffic flows. This study has demonstrated that: (1) the roughness generated by the refined formula can reflect the trace of the disk model; (2) the refined formula facilitates the VBI analysis by using the point model; and (3) the two countermeasures for roughness are effective for improving the scanning of bridge frequencies.
Improved Response Spectrum Method Based on Real-Complex Hybrid Modal Superposition for Base-Isolated Structures
Authors: Li Shiyuan , Tan Ping , Ma Haitao
Published: October 2022

A novel real-complex hybrid modal response spectrum method (RCHM-RSM) based on the modal superposition of the superstructure is proposed for base-isolated (BI) structures in this paper. In contrast to the traditional analysis method, the method can increase the accuracy of the structural response and avoid complex calculations. Additionally, the direct use of the damping matrix of superstructures for BI structures was found to cause an overestimation of the damping effect and consequently underestimate the deformation of the superstructure. Thus, a new scheme is proposed for determining the damping matrix for BI structures, and general expressions of the damping matrix of the superstructure and the damping constant of the isolation layer are presented. Using the proposed method to construct the damping matrix of BI structures, the equivalent load associated with the coupling damping between the structure and support can be determined when the displacement–velocity input model (D–VIM) is adopted. Analytical expressions of structural matrices are presented for a shear-type model of a BI structure, and a numerical investigation is conducted to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methods. The results show that the proposed method (RCHM-RSM) has the advantages of simple calculations and high accuracy. The numerical results obtained also confirm that the direct use of the damping matrix of superstructures for the BI structure will underestimate the superstructure response, while the displacement input model (DIM) overestimates the deformation of the isolation layer and underestimates superstructure responses, the analysis results by using D–VIM are consistent with the acceleration input model (AIM), so the D–VIM should be used instead of the DIM.
Stability Performance of Perforated Stiffened Laminated Composite Plates Under the Influence of Environmental and Operational Loading Conditions Using FE Approach
Authors: Kalgutkar Akshay Prakash , Banerjee Sauvik
Published: October 2022

Eccentrically stiffened plates are widely used as a structural component in many engineering applications. However, these structures are exposed to complex loading conditions, resulting in strength reduction leading to failure. This research aims to examine the stability performance of the perforated stiffened laminated composite plate subjected to non-uniform edge load under the influence of environmental conditions. Towards this, a robust and computationally efficient finite element (FE) formulation has been developed, where the plate is modeled using a 9-noded heterosis element to avoid the shear locking of the plate element and a 3-noded isoparametric beam element is adopted to model the stiffener by applying a displacement compatibility condition at the skin-stringer interface. A torsion correction factor is introduced in the beam formulation to account for the twisting of the stiffener. A unique dynamic technique is utilized to obtain the buckling load by employing two types of boundary conditions due to the non-uniform stress distribution in the perforated plate under environmental and operational loading conditions. An analysis is performed on the unstiffened plate to determine a suitable cutout shape, loading pattern and lamina scheme based on its improved stability performance. Unlike previous studies, several stiffener configurations are considered to comprehend the influence of temperature and moisture on the stability behavior of centrally placed cutout plates and obtain a stiffener configuration with improved performance. It is noticed that when the perforated stiffened plate is exposed to thermal or hygroscopic load close to a critical temperature or moisture, the buckling capacity drops suddenly in the plate attached to a stiffener of greater depth. Moreover, it is observed that when the stiffened plate is exposed to higher intensity of hygrothermal load, the plate’s buckling capacity drops significantly as the thickness of the plate reduces.
A Preliminary Study on Generating Criteria Priorities Series via AHP for Decision Process of Commercial Credit Applications in Turkey
Authors: Pekkaya Mehmet , Zilifli Volkan
Published: October 2022

Since capital may not be abundant for banks, banks have to assess the efficiency of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to efficiently and profitably allocate available funds. This study aims to generate criteria priority series for the decision process of commercial credit applications (DPCCAs) to conduct statistical hypothesis testing and produce information for researchers, decision-makers/managers. Having lots of criteria in assessing SME performance, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) — a multi-criteria decision-making method — is applied according to experts’ views. By determining SMEs’ indicator-criteria priorities, this study’s priorities give information on SME growth potential, managerial competence and institutionalization which are rarely used in SMEs’ credit evaluation in academic studies. This study also evaluates tolerated consistency boundary approach (TCBA) defined in Pekkaya’s studies and generates priority-series that allows for statistical testing. The findings reveal that “profitability and business volume” with its sub-criteria of “operating profitability” have the highest priority, and then “stability and intelligence” with “repayment practices of debts” and “total income and stability in profitability” have quite high priorities among seven main- and 26 sub-criteria. This study contains some criteria which are not previously observed in the related literature, incorporates considerably more expert views, and shows to conduct statistical hypothesis tests by using the generated priority series via AHP for each criterion.
A Novel Hybrid Approach for Intent Creation and Detection Using K-Means-Based Topic Clustering and Heuristic-Based Capsule Network
Authors: Magoo Chandni , Singh Manjeet
Published: October 2022

Background: The social media revolution has offered new facilities and opportunities to the online community to communicate their intentions, opinions, and views regarding products, services, policies, and events. The identification of intent focuses on the detection of intents from user reviews, that is, whether the specific review of the user includes intention or not. Intent mining is also named intent identification which helps business organizations to identify the purchase intentions of users. However, detecting user intentions encoded in text queries is a complicated task in several Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications such as robots, smart agents, personal assistants, and search engines. The existing research works have discovered the utilization of several machine learning techniques to detect the intents from queries of users. Most works consider intent detection as a classification problem, with utterances as predefined intents. Research question: Whether the researcher resolves the detection of user intentions encoded in text queries? How the researcher solves the existing challenges based on intent mining? Purpose: The main contribution of the research is to design and implement intent detection using topic clustering and deep learning.

Methodology: Initially, the dataset related to diverse queries is gathered. Then, the label creation is performed by clustering. The clustering is performed by a k-means clustering model with a cosine similarity function. Once the clustering is performed for different queries, the label is created, which is used to train the network under the detection process. For the detection, this paper uses a Heuristic-based Capsule Network (H-CapNet) that could perform the intention for a new query. The hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm with Escaping Energy searched Grey–Harris Hawks Algorithm (EEG-HHA) is used for improving the capsule network. Validation: Experimental analysis shows that the developed method has superior performance in evaluating standard datasets with other approaches. Results: From the simulation results, the accuracy of the developed EEG-HHA-CapNet for dataset 1 is secured at 3%, 1.6%, 2%, and 1.1% increased than PSO-CapNet, WOA-CapNet, HHO-CapNet, and GWO-CapNet. Conclusion: Thus, the designed user intent detection models reveal their more advanced performance based on the diverse performance and error metrics for datasets 1 and 2.
On a quantum martingale convergence theorem
Authors: Johnson Kyler S. , Kozdron Michael J.
Published: October 2022

It is well known in quantum information theory that a positive operator-valued measure (POVM) is the most general kind of quantum measurement. Mathematically, a quantum probability is a normalized POVM, namely, a function on certain subsets of a (locally compact and Hausdorff) sample space that satisfies the formal requirements for a probability measure and whose values are positive operators acting on a complex Hilbert space. A quantum random variable is an operator-valued function which is measurable with respect to a quantum probability. In this work, we study quantum random variables and generalize several classical limit results to the quantum setting. We prove a quantum analogue of the Lebesgue-dominated convergence theorem and use it to prove a quantum martingale convergence theorem. This quantum martingale convergence theorem is of particular interest since it exhibits nonclassical behavior; even though the limit of the martingale exists and is unique, it is not explicitly identifiable. However, we provide a partial classification of the limit through a study of the space of all quantum random variables having quantum expectation zero.
Hopf bifurcation of a delayed predator–prey model with Allee effect and anti-predator behavior
Authors: Xu Xinyue , Meng Yan , Shao Yangyang
Published: October 2022

This paper proposes a diffusive predator–prey model with Allee effect, time delay and anti-predator behavior. First, the existence and stability of all equilibria are analyzed and the conditions for the appearance of the Hopf bifurcation are studied. Using the normal form and center manifold theory, the formulas which can determine the direction, period and stability of Hopf bifurcation are obtained. Numerical simulations show that the Allee effect can determine the survival abundance of the prey and predator populations, and anti-predator behavior can greatly improve the stability of the coexisting equilibrium.
Insight into Morphology-Sensitive Microwave Absorption Properties of Biocarbon/MnFe2O4 Composites
Authors: Imran Muhammad , ul Hassan Hafiz Mansoor , Ullah Hafiz Muhammad Naeem , Ul Hassan Muhammad Umair , Hassan Ali
Published: October 2022

Among an extensive range of materials, biocarbon has acquired considerable interest because of its superiority of wide absorption bandwidth, strong absorption, accessibility, cost-effective and eco-friendly. Here, the inherited morphology of the biocarbon has been utilized to tune the performance of the microwave absorber. Biocarbon (wheat straw & peanut shells) and industrial waste (MnFe2O4) have been used to fabricate microwave absorption composites. Biocarbon wastes with two different morphologies, sheetlike and distorted, have been used to prepare the composites. Composite with sheetlike morphology attained the minimum reflection loss (RLmini) of [Formula: see text]19[Formula: see text]dB but, on the other hand, composite with distorted morphology achieved RLmini of [Formula: see text]43[Formula: see text]dB, as well as, it is the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) covers the whole X-band. Our findings reveal that microwave absorption performance of the absorbers strongly relies on the anisotropic morphology of the biocarbon. It is expected that composites with anisotropic morphology of the biocarbon may be utilized to modify microwave absorption performance for practical applications.
On the Cosmological Transformation of Light: A Gravitational Analogue of the Photoelectric Effect
Authors: Nash L.
Published: October 2022

It is known that very distant galaxies, much like our own, show remarkably high receding velocities, the magnitude of which increases with distance. Therefore, in this study, a gravitational analog of the photoelectric effect was investigated by replacing the classical (wave) theory of gravity with a gravity quanta hypothesis. The significance of this concept regarding the motion of distant galaxies is evaluated by comparing the results obtained for a photon traveling through a Planck lattice model of spacetime to the observational data for both the cosmological redshift and time dilation effects of light from distant Type Ia supernovae. The photogravity effect does not necessarily invalidate the standard big bang cosmology and may in fact add a layer of fidelity to its conclusions concerning the evolution and age of the universe.
New Result on Interception of Stationary Targets at Arbitrary Time-Varying Speed
Authors: Liu Yuanhe , Li Kebo , Liang Yangang , Tang Jin
Published: October 2022

This paper develops a novel approach and some main results on the varying-speed missile guided by pure proportional navigation (PPN) against a stationary target in the planar interception problem. The missile kinematic equation is established in the arc-length domain based on the differential geometry theory, which eliminates the influence of time-varying missile speed. Then, the closed-form solutions of line-of-sight (LOS) rate, leading angle, closing speed, and curvature command are derived in the arc-length domain. The performance of the varying-speed missile is analyzed, including the maximum relative distance, maximum curvature command, accurate path-to-go, and curvature increment. Additionally, the capture region is obtained considering the missile maneuvering acceleration limit. These new theoretical results could be extended to improve the performance of existing guidance laws designed under the constant-speed assumption.
Exploring Better Black-Box Test Case Prioritization via Log Analysis
Authors: Chen Zhichao , Chen Junjie , Wang Weijing , Zhou Jianyi , Wang Meng , Chen Xiang , Zhou Shan , Wang Jianmin
Published: October 2022

Test case prioritization (TCP)
has been widely studied in regression testing, which aims to optimize the execution order of test cases so as to detect more faults earlier. TCP has been divided into
white-box test case prioritization (WTCP)
and
black-box test case prioritization (BTCP)
. WTCP can achieve better prioritization effectiveness by utilizing source code information, but is not applicable in many practical scenarios (where source code is unavailable, e.g., outsourced testing). BTCP has the benefit of not relying on source code information, but tends to be less effective than WTCP. That is, both WTCP and BTCP suffer from limitations in the practical use.

To improve the practicability of TCP, we aim to explore better BTCP, significantly bridging the effectiveness gap between BTCP and WTCP. In this work, instead of statically analyzing test cases themselves in existing BTCP techniques, we conduct the first study to explore whether this goal can be achieved via log analysis. Specifically, we propose to mine test logs produced during test execution to more sufficiently reflect test behaviors, and design a new BTCP framework (called LogTCP), including log pre-processing, log representation, and test case prioritization components. Based on the LogTCP framework, we instantiate seven log-based BTCP techniques by combining different log representation strategies with different prioritization strategies.

We conduct an empirical study to explore the effectiveness of LogTCP. Based on 10 diverse open-source Java projects from GitHub, we compared LogTCP with three representative BTCP techniques and four representative WTCP techniques. Our results show that all of our LogTCP techniques largely perform better than all the BTCP techniques in average fault detection, to the extent that they become competitive to the WTCP techniques. That demonstrates the great potential of logs in practical TCP.
Methylene Blue Removal by Chitosan Cross-Linked Zeolite from Aqueous Solution and Other Ion Effects: Isotherm, Kinetic, and Desorption Studies
Authors: Hidayat Endar , Yonemura Seiichiro , Mitoma Yoshiharu , Harada Hiroyuki
Published: October 2022

Developing innovative technology for removing methylene blue (MB) from water is essential since the widespread discharge of MB from industrial effluents causes problems for humans and the environment. In this study, we conducted the adsorption method, a simple technique that utilizes an adsorbent. Chitosan is cross-linked with zeolite as a promising adsorbent material and environmentally friendly. For the characterization, FTIR, SEM-EDS, DLS, and pHzpc were analyzed. It was discovered that the removal percentage reached 97% with an adsorption capacity of 242.51 mg/g for 60 minutes at pH 10. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic model were investigated. As a result, the Freundlich model and pseudo-second-order model were fitted to the adsorption process. Moreover, the effect of other ions was investigated for 5 minutes of mixing time. The results showed that the removal percentage increased in the presence of H2O2 ion. Contrary to sodium chloride, glucose, and citric acid ions, the effectiveness of H2SO4 as a desorbing agent was 99.65% for 30 minutes at 45°C.
An Auction-Based Multiagent Simulation for the Matching Problem in Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problem with Occasional Drivers
Authors: Shen Chung-Wei , Hsu Che-Cheng , Tseng Kuan-Hua
Published: October 2022

This research incorporated an auction mechanism into the vehicle routing problem with occasional drivers and produced simulations in an agent-based environment. Auctions were used to match online orders with potential occasional drivers. While a centralized system optimizes system performance under global objectives, the novel decentralized approach presented here illustrates emergent phenomena resulting from the interaction of individual entities in highly dynamic cases. In the simulations, the auctions were executed after a fixed time interval called a rolling time horizon. Our results suggest that the appropriate rolling time horizon produces a lower average unit compensation cost because better matches can be found when the accumulation of online orders and occasional drivers is maintained at a certain level. The simulation results also indicate that the use of an auction mechanism instead of simple nonauction rules can improve the average unit compensation cost by up to 25.1%.
Fuzzy Clustering Analysis of HVSR Data for Seismic Microzonation at Lahore City
Authors: Khan Sarfraz , Waseem Muhammad , Khalid Shahzad , Kontoni Denise-Penelope N. , Ahmad Mahmood , Keawsawasvong Suraparb
Published: October 2022

A microzonation study deals with the classification of hazards in a town or city in terms of surface ground motions that result from amplification and resonance frequency in soils against seismic tremors. This paper presents the result of a microzonation study in terms of resonance frequency and peak amplitude for Lahore city, Pakistan. In order to recognize the local soil effects of the covered geology at 159 sites in Lahore city, the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) Nakamura method was implemented. A fuzzy C-mean (FCM) clustering algorithm was adopted to obtain the best cluster solution of the analyzed HVSR parameters. The results of the Silhouette Index suggest that the FCM clustering solution of observation data points is more consistent. The results of clustering reveal three solutions. Clusters 1 and 2 reveal that a major part of the research area possesses low to moderate frequencies (0.66–1.03 Hz) with a peak amplitude of 2.25–4.38 mm, indicating the presence of soft to hard rock and thick alluvial sedimentary cover. Cluster 3 reveals the presence of soft to compact rocks (with frequencies and amplitudes of 0.73–1.03 Hz and 3.02–4.11 mm, respectively) overlaying the bedrock. Lahore city has 60% of soil cover with an amplitude of 2–3 mm (for the central part) and about 40% of 3–4 mm in the northern, southern, and southwest portions. According to the NEHRP soil classification code of 1997, a major part of the city has stiff nature of the soil, while a few places reveal the presence of very dense soil. The maps produced in this study will provide expected ground motion-related useful information to reduce the seismic risk for infrastructure in Lahore city.
Lorentzian Approximations and Gauss–Bonnet Theorem for E(1,1) with the Second Lorentzian Metric
Authors: Liu Haiming , Chen Xiawei
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we consider the Lorentzian approximations of rigid motions of the Minkowski plane . By using the method of Lorentzian approximations, we define the notions of the intrinsic curvature for regular curves, the intrinsic geodesic curvature of regular curves on Lorentzian surface, and the intrinsic Gaussian curvature of Lorentzian surface in E(1,1) with the second Lorentzian metric away from characteristic points. Furthermore, we derive the expressions of those curvatures and prove Gauss–Bonnet theorem for the Lorentzian surface in E(1,1) with the second left‐invariant Lorentzian metric g2.
Multi-Objective Optimal Travel Route Recommendation for Tourists by Improved Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Sun Haodong , Chen Yanyan , Ma Jianming , Wang Yang , Liu Xiaoming , Wang Jiachen
Published: October 2022

With the swift development of tourism all around the world, it has become vital to improve the recommendation of useful travel information to tourists to assure their convenience and satisfaction. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-objective optimal travel route recommendation framework, which collects tourists’ travel trajectories from their mobile phone signaling data. Then, the proposed framework preprocesses the mobile signaling data to transform raw trajectories into tourists’ travel sequences. Subsequently, the framework finds the popular attractions and frequent travel routes from the travel pattern sequences by using a frequent pattern mining method. Finally, an improved ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm with a novel extensible heuristic factor approach is adopted to search the multi-objective optimal travel routes according to the popularity of attractions and travel time of tourists. The experimental results indicate that the proposed framework is efficient in recommending multi-objective optimal travel routes considering tourists’ travel time and attractions’ popularity while ensuring that the recommended travel route is suitable.
COVID-19 Infection Deteriorates the Clinical Condition and Outcomes of Acute Pancreatitis: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Guo Yulin , Hu Shun , Wang Xiaohui , Jiang Zhe , Duan Shuangni , Cao Feng , Li Fei
Published: October 2022

Backgrounds. The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic. Pancreatic injuries have been reported in COVID-19 patients. The present meta-analysis was conducted to compare the morbidity and outcomes of AP between COVID-19 positive and negative patients. Methods. Databases including Cochrane Library, PubMed, and EMBASE were systematically searched (until July 3rd 2022). Studies with English abstracts comparing the severity and outcomes of AP between COVID-19 positive and negative patients were included. Mean differences or odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval were employed for assess variables. Risk of publication bias was assessed with funnel plots. Results. Data from 7 studies with a total of 2816 AP patients were included. COVID-19 positive was associated with higher incidences of pancreatic necrosis (OR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.13 to 2.42,

P

 = 0.01;

P

 = 0.82 for heterogeneity) and persistent organ failure (OR = 6.87; 95% CI: 2.37 to 19.98,

P

 = 0.0004;

P

 = 0.12 for heterogeneity), especially cardiovascular failure (OR = 2.92; 95% CI: 1.66 to 5.14,

P

 = 0.0002;

P

 = 0.58 for heterogeneity) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or acute lung injury (ALI) (OR = 3.03; 95% CI: 2.09 to 4.39,

P

 < 0.00001;

P

 = 0.20 for heterogeneity). COVID-19 infection induced a higher level of CRP (MD = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.64,

P

 = 0.001;

P

 < 0.00001 for heterogeneity) as well as coagulation disorders involving platelets, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and D-dimer (all

P

 < 0.05). During hospitalization, COVID-19 positive was associated with higher ICU admission rate (OR = 2.76; 95% CI: 1.98 to 3.85

P

 < 0.00001;

P

 = 0.47 for heterogeneity). COVID-19 positive AP was associated with a higher mortality rate (OR = 3.70; 95% CI: 2.60 to 5.25,

P

 < 0.00001;

P

 = 0.12 for heterogeneity). Discussion. The number of included studies is limited and none is RCT, thus the risks of publication and selective bias could not be ignored. COVID-19 deteriorated the severity and clinical outcomes of AP, with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality.