bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pilot Protection of a Distribution Network with Distributed Generators Based on 5G and Dynamic Time Warping Considering Cosine Transform
Authors: Wang Deyang , Yuan Zhi , Wang Weiqing , Zhi Kaihua
Published: November 2023

The application of 5G-based communication for pilot protection in a distribution network with distributed generators is becoming increasingly widespread, but the existence of a 5G communication transmission data delay adversely affects the rapidity and reliability of the pilot protection based on the principle of the traditional dynamic time warping distance (DTW) algorithm. Therefore, to address this problem, and according to the difference in fault currents between distributed generators and synchronous machines, a new scheme of pilot protection based on the principle of an improved DTW is proposed. The scheme firstly performs cosine transform on the fault current sequence, and then it normalizes the DTW value. Finally, the proposed scheme is verified via simulation. The simulation results show that, compared with the traditional DTW, the proposed algorithm has better anti-delay characteristics and a stronger anti-interference ability, and the scheme can quickly and reliably identify in-zone and out-of-area faults with strong noise resistance. Further, the action times for a single-phase ground fault, two-phase ground fault, two-phase-to-phase fault, and three-phase short-circuit fault were reduced by 2.9 ms, 4.54 ms, 5.81 ms, and 5.89 ms, respectively. In addition, it is also sui for a distribution network with a high wind and photovoltaic penetration rate.
Forest Aboveground Biomass Estimation in Subtropical Mountain Areas Based on Improved Water Cloud Model and PolSAR Decomposition Using L-Band PolSAR Data
Authors: Zhang Haibo , Wang Changcheng , Zhu Jianjun , Fu Haiqiang , Han Wentao , Xie Hongqun
Published: November 2023

Forest aboveground biomass (AGB) retrieval using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscatter has received extensive attention. The water cloud model (WCM), because of its simplicity and physical significance, has been one of the most commonly used models for estimating forest AGB using SAR backscatter. Nevertheless, forest AGB estimation using the WCM is usually based on simplified assumptions and empirical fitting, leading to results that tend to overestimate or underestimate. Moreover, the physical connection between the model and the polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) is not established, which leads to the limitation of the inversion scale. In this paper, based on the fully polarimetric SAR data from the Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 (ALOS-2) Phased Array-type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR-2), the relative contributions of the three major scattering mechanisms were first analyzed in a hilly area of southern China. On this basis, the traditional WCM was extended by considering the secondary scattering mechanism. Then, to establish the direct relationship between the vegetation scattering mechanism and forest AGB, a new relationship equation between the PolSAR decomposition model and the improved water cloud model (I-WCM) was constructed without the help of external data. Finally, a nonlinear iterative method was used to estimate the forest AGB. The results show that volume scattering is the dominant mechanism, accounting for more than 60%. Double-bounce scattering accounts for the smallest fraction, but still about 10%, which means that the contribution of the double-bounce scattering component is not negligible in forested areas because of the strong penetration capability of the long-wave SAR. The modified method provides a correlation coefficient R2 of 0.665 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 21.902, which is an improvement of 36.42% compared to the traditional fitting method. Moreover, it enables the extraction of forest parameters at the pix scale using PolSAR data without the need for low-resolution external data and is thus helpful for high-resolution mapping of forest AGB.
Case Study on the Financial Viability of Forest Management on Public Lands in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Rodrigues Maisa Isabela , Souza Álvaro Nogueira de , Mazzei de Freitas Lucas José , Silva José Natalino Macedo , Joaquim Maísa Santos , Pereira Reginaldo Sérgio , Biali Leonardo Job , Inkotte Jonas , Araújo Juliana Baldan Costa Neves , Matias Renan Augusto Miranda
Published: November 2023

Brazil has a vast reserve of natural forests that belong to the state; hence, the state is responsible for supplying native wood to the market. However, the management in public forests has only begun recently; thus, much research is needed to know about its profitability. This study analyzed the financial feasibility of public forest management by addressing the following aspects: state concession, federal concession, and community forest management. We used the Net Present Value, Annual Equivalent Value, and Average Cost of Production methods to assess financial feasibility and applied the Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the probability of occurrence of NPV values. Community forest management showed profitability and a low occurrence of positive NPV values. The initial subsidies and the absence of royalty payments contributed to their good financial performance. The state and federal forest concessions showed financial unfeasibility and a low probability of profitability, which were justified by a low harvested volume of forest management, a high number of hollow individuals with small dimensions, poor volume estimates, and a high occurrence of species with low commercial values. Financial viability is a critical aspect of public forest management, and the achievement of good results depends on the consideration of several factors and aspects of public forests. Characteristics such as species composition, the distance between the managed areas, and the place of consumption must be considered. Areas that are not financially viable in the current period can be considered for future management and maintenance.
The Research Field of Meat Preservation: A Scientometric and Visualization Analysis Based on the Web of Science
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Wei Zixiang , Lu Ting , Qi Xingzhen , Xie Lan , Vincenzetti Silvia , Polidori Paolo , Li Lanjie , Liu Guiqin
Published: November 2023

Meat plays a significant role in human diets, providing a rich source of high-quality protein. With advancements in technology, research in the field of meat preservation has been undergoing dynamic evolution. To gain insights into the development of this discipline, the study conducted an analysis and knowledge structure mapping of 1672 papers related to meat preservation research within the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) spanning from 2001 to 2023. And using software tools such as VOSviewer 1.6.18 and CiteSpace 5.8.R3c allowed for the convenient analysis of the literature by strictly following the software operation manuals. Moreover, the knowledge structure of research in the field of meat preservation was synthesized within the framework of “basic research—technological application—integration of technology with fundamental research,” aligning with the research content. Co-cited literature analysis indicated that meat preservation research could be further categorized into seven collections, as well as highlighting the prominent role of the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of plant essential oils in ongoing research. Subsequently, the future research direction and focus of the meat preservation field were predicted and prospected. The findings of this study could offer valuable assistance to researchers in swiftly comprehending the discipline’s development and identifying prominent research areas, thus providing valuable guidance for shaping research topics.
Assessing the Effect of Flour (White or Whole-Grain) and Process (Direct or Par-Baked) on the Mycotoxin Content of Bread in Spain
Authors: Gómez Manuel , Casado Andrea , Caro Irma
Published: November 2023

Bread is the staple food in many parts of the world. Like other foods, bread can contain mycotoxins resulting from microbial development throughout the supply chain (from field to table). In this study, baguette-style bread from small artisanal bakeries (direct) and supermarkets (par-baked loaves made by large companies) in Castile and Leon (Spain) was analyzed. Both white and whole-grain breads were collected from all retail outlets. The mycotoxins analyzed included deoxynivalenol (DON), ochratoxin (OTA), and aflatoxin B1 and B2 (AFB1, AFB2). All of the bread samples studied had mycotoxin levels below the maximum limits established by legislation. The presence of DON was higher than that of OTA, and AFB1 and AFB2 could not be quantified. Industrial breads had higher levels of DON and OTA (only in the whole-grain breads) compared to artisanal breads. However, no significant differences were found between white and industrial breads beyond those mentioned above. These results demonstrate that the established control chains ensure low mycotoxin content in bread of this type.
A Study on the Structural and Digestive Properties of Rice Starch–Hydrocolloid Complexes Treated with Heat–Moisture Treatment
Authors: Zhang Yu , Dou Boxin , Jia Jianhui , Liu Ying , Zhang Na
Published: November 2023

Rice starch-hydrophilic colloid complexes (SHCs) were prepared by incorporating xanthan gum and locust bean gum into natural rice starch. Subsequently, they underwent hygrothermal treatment (H-SHC) to investigate their structural and digestive properties with varying colloid types and added amounts of H-SHC. The results demonstrated that heat–moisture treatment (HMT) led to an increase in resistant starch (RS) content in rice starch. This effect was more pronounced after the addition of hydrophilic colloid, causing RS content to surge from 8.42 ± 0.39% to 38.36 ± 3.69%. Notably, the addition of locust bean gum had a more significant impact on enhancing RS content, and the RS content increased with the addition of hydrophilic colloids. Enzyme digestion curves indicated that H-SHC displayed a lower equilibrium concentration (C∞), hydrolysis index (HI), and gluconeogenesis index (eGI). Simultaneously, HMT reduced the solubility and swelling power of starch. However, the addition of hydrophilic colloid led to an increase in the solubility and swelling power of the samples. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that hydrophilic colloid encapsulated the starch granules, affording them protection. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that HMT resulted in the decreased crystallinity of the starch granules, a trend mitigated by the addition of hydrophilic colloid. Infrared (IR) results demonstrated no formation of new covalent bonds but indicated increased short-range ordering in H-SHC. Rapid viscosity analysis and differential scanning calorimetry indicated that HMT substantially decreased peak viscosity and starch breakdown, while it significantly delayed the onset, peak, and conclusion temperatures. This effect was further amplified by the addition of colloids. Rheological results indicated that H-SHC displayed lower values for G′, G″, and static rheological parameters compared to natural starch. In summary, this study offers valuable insights into the development of healthy, low-GI functional foods.
Dynamic Changes in Microbial Communities, Physicochemical Properties, and Flavor of Kombucha Made from Fu-Brick Tea
Authors: Wu Xiaoya , Zhang Yue , Zhang Baoshan , Tian Honglei , Liang Yan , Dang Hui , Zhao Yu
Published: November 2023

In this study, Fu-brick tea (FBT) was used for kombucha preparation. The succession of microbial community structures, changes in physicochemical properties, and the volatiles were investigated during the kombucha fermentation. The sequencing analysis showed that Komagataeibacter was the most predominant bacterium. Aspergillus and Zygosaccharomyces were the dominant fungi before fermentation whereas Zygosaccharomyces and Derkella were the dominant fungi after 3 days of fermentation. The physicochemical analysis revealed that acetic acid, glucuronic acid, and polyphenols increased by 10.22 g/L, 0.08 g/L, and 177.40 mg/L, respectively, by the end of fermentation. The GC-MS analysis showed that a total of 49 volatile compounds were detected during the fermentation. Moreover, there were great differences in volatile components among the kombucha samples with different fermentation times. Furthermore, the relevance among microbial community and volatile compounds was evaluated through correlation network analysis. The results suggested that Komagataeibacter, Aspergillus, Zygosaccharomyces, and Dekkera were closely related to the main volatile compounds of FBT kombucha. The results in this study may provide deep understanding for constructing the microbiota and improving the quality of FBT kombucha.
Polycaprolactone-Based Films Incorporated with Birch Tar—Thermal, Physicochemical, Antibacterial, and Biodegradable Properties
Authors: Richert Agnieszka , Olewnik-Kruszkowska Ewa , Malinowski Rafał , Kalwasińska Agnieszka , Swiontek Brzezinska Maria
Published: November 2023

We present new polymer materials consisting of polycaprolactone (PCL), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and birch tar (D). PEG was introduced into the polymer matrix in order to obtain a plasticizing effect, while tar was added to obtain antibacterial properties and to change the physicochemical properties of the film. The materials were obtained by the solvent method and characterized using a variety of methods to test their performance and susceptibility to biodegradation. The obtained data indicate that the introduction of the bioactive substance (D) into PCL improved the thermal stability and significantly lowered the Young’s modulus values of the tested polymers. Moreover, the addition of birch tar improved the barrier and bacteriostatic properties, resulting in a reduction in the growth of pathogenic bacteria on the surface of the film. The films are not mutagenic but are susceptible to biodegradation in various environments. Due to their properties, they have potential for application in agriculture and horticulture and for packaging food, mainly vegetables grown in the field.
Complex Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Patient with a Novel De Novo Heterozygous MYT1L Variant
Authors: Yip Silas , Calli Kristina , Qiao Ying , Trost Brett , Scherer Stephen W. , Lewis M. E. Suzanne
Published: November 2023

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises a group of complex neurodevelopmental features seen in many different forms due to variable causes. Highly impactful ASD-susceptibility genes are involved in pathways associated with brain development, chromatin remodeling, and transcription regulation. In this study, we investigate a proband with complex ASD. Whole genome sequencing revealed a novel de novo missense mutation of a highly conserved amino acid residue (NP_001289981.1:p.His516Gln; chr2:1917275; hg38) in the MYT1L neural transcription factor gene. In combination with in silico analysis on gene effect and pathogenicity, we described the proband’s phenotype and made comparisons with previously reported cases to explore the spectrum of clinical features in MYT1L single nucleotide variant (SNV) cases. The phenotype–genotype correlation showed a high degree of clinical similarity with previously reported cases of missense variants in MYT1L, indicating MYT1L as the causal gene for the observed phenotype in our proband. The variant was also predicted to be damaging according to multiple in silico pathogenicity predicting tools. This study expands the clinical description of SNVs on the MYT1L gene and provides insight into its contribution to ASD.
Th-Rich Zircon from a Pegmatite Vein Hosted in the Wiborg Rapakivi Granite Massif
Authors: Skublov Sergey G. , Petrov Dmitriy A. , Galankina Olga L. , Levashova Ekaterina V. , Rogova Ilona V.
Published: November 2023

Zircon from a pegmatite vein hosted in the rapakivi granites occurring in the Gubanov Intrusion of the Wiborg Massif was shown by the EPMA method to contain an anomalously high Th of 18.3 wt% ThO2 (about 161,000 ppm Th). The SIMS method obtained a close value for thorium content—146,000 ppm. U increases to 6800 ppm. Zircon contains high values of other non-formula elements: Y (up to 51,500 ppm), Ti (up to 12,500 ppm), P (up to 9000 ppm), Nb (up to 3500 ppm), Ca (up to 2800 ppm) and Ba (up to 600 ppm). The average Hf value is 10,900 ppm. Total REE ranges from 25,500 to 49,400 ppm, and the average REE is 33,300 ppm. The REE patterns show poorly HREE fractionation over the LREE (LuN/LaN ratio average is 6.34) with well-marked negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* averages 0.10) and slight positive Ce anomalies (Ce/Ce* averages 1.16). The formation of Th-rich zircon indicates that residual fluid-saturated pegmatite melt is saturated with Th and other trace elements (REE, Y, U, Ti and Nb).
The Mahout Structure in the Central Desert of Oman: A Possible Simple Impact Crater
Authors: Nasir Sobhi , Economou Nikos , Al Hooti Khalil , Al Hosni Talal , Spratley Sean , Spratley Brian
Published: November 2023

The present work reports on the first evidence of a possible hypervelocity impact crater in the Sultanate of Oman. The impact origin of the structure is determined based on field observations, microscopic observations of shatter cones, planar fractures (PFs) and feather features (FFs) in quartz, calcite, and feldspar, and melt-bearing polymict breccias with various types of melts. The structure consists of an elliptical bowl-shaped ridge 750 m long and 550 m wide, oriented roughly north-northeast to south-southwest. The elliptical shape and relief asymmetry indicate an oblique collision. The precursor target lithologies include local late Proterozoic Masirah Bay siliciclastic formations, carbonate and acidic volcanic rocks of the late Precambrian Halfayn Formation, and basement rocks. The crater rim, up to 15–20 m above ground, is composed of quartzite, jasper, agate, monomict siliceous and hematite breccia, and metamorphosed shale (hornfels). An ejecta blanket composed of target rocks covers the floor, outer rim, and the area extending to the immediate northeast and east of the structure. Quaternary aeolian sand covers most of the crater surface, including the 1 to 2 m thick melt-rich polymict breccia found in the crater center. The planar fractures (PFs) and feather features (FFS) in quartz and feldspar suggest a low shock pressure between 5 and 14 GPa. Our observations are consistent with set criterions for impact crater identification, confirming the possible impact origin of the Mahout structure.
Problematic Smartphone Usage in Singaporean University Students: An Analysis of Self-Reported Versus Objectively Measured Smartphone Usage Patterns
Authors: Teo James Keng Hong , Chionh Iris Yue Ling , Bin Shaul Hamed Nasharuddin Akmal , Lai Christopher
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Problematic smartphone usage is the excessive usage of the smartphone, leading to addiction symptoms that impair one’s functional status. Self-administered surveys developed to describe the symptoms and measure the risk of problematic smartphone usage have been associated with depressive symptoms, symptoms of anxiety disorder, and perceived stress. However, self-reported smartphone usage can be unreliable, and previous studies have identified a better association between objectively measured smartphone usage and problematic smartphone usage. Methodology: A self-administered survey was used to investigate the relationships between the risk of problematic smartphone usage (SAS–SV) with depressive symptoms (PHQ–9), anxiety disorder symptoms (GAD–7), and perceived stress (PSS) in Singaporean full-time university students. Self-reported screentime and objectively measured screentime were collected to determine if there is any difference between perceived smartphone usage and objective smartphone usage. Results: There was no statistical difference between self-reported and app-measured screentime in the study population. However, there were significant positive correlations between SAS–SV with PHQ–9, GAD–7, and PSS. In the logistic regression model, PHQ–9 was found to be the sole predictor for variances in SAS–SV score in the study population. Conclusion: This study suggests that problematic smartphone usage may potentially related to depressive symptoms, symptoms of anxiety disorder, and greater perceived stress in university students.
Long-Term Effects of the Kumamoto Earthquake on Young Children’s Mental Health
Authors: Nagae Masaharu , Nagano Eiko
Published: November 2023

Natural disasters cause numerous short- and long-term psychosocial effects on young children because of their increased vulnerability. This study aimed to examine the mental health of young children at 15 months after the Kumamoto earthquake. We conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey on the parents of 363 children aged 4–6 years across Kumamoto Prefecture. The questionnaire items included current residence, housing damage and evacuation experience during the disaster, as well as the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The results showed that children who could stay in their home during the disaster had lower percentages of scores in the clinical range for conduct problems (odds ratio [OR] = 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13–0.85) and hyperactivity/inattention (OR = 0.42, 95%CI: 0.19–0.93) on the SDQ. Furthermore, children who experienced living apart from their parents during the disaster had a higher percentage of scores in the clinical range for conduct problems (OR = 2.39, 95%CI: 1.05–5.42). At 15 months post-disaster, the mental health of the sample was worse than the normative data of Japan, indicating that the mental health of young children who experienced living at home and apart from their parents during the disaster was still affected.
The Dutch Pregnancy Drug Register: Suitable to Study Paternal Drug Exposures?
Authors: van der Mijle Annerose E. , Woestenberg Petra J. , Kosse Leanne J. , van Puijenbroek Eugène P.
Published: November 2023

Paternal medication use around the time of conception is common, but information about its effects on pregnancy outcome and the health of the child is generally limited. The aim of this study is to examine the feasibility of studying paternal exposure in the Dutch Pregnancy Drug Register by using immunosuppressants as a proof of concept. In 113 of 15,959 pregnancies, long-term paternal immunosuppressant use was reported 3 months before conception. In total, 134 immunosuppressants were used. Pregnancy outcome was known for 54 cases and was in accordance with previous findings. Two spontaneous abortions, two premature births, six small for gestational age babies, and two major congenital malformations were reported. Time to pregnancy (TTP) was known for 9548 pregnancies, including 89 with paternal immunosuppressant use. TTP analysis did not show a difference in pregnancies with paternal immunosuppressant use compared to the control group. Moreover, the number of fertility treatments in the paternal immunosuppressant group was similar to the control group. In our opinion, it is feasible to use the Dutch Pregnancy Drug Register to study the effects of paternal exposure on pregnancy outcome. However, to study the potential effects on fertility, more information is needed, particularly since the beginning of pregnancy attempts.
The Molecular Mechanism of Potassium Absorption, Transport, and Utilization in Rice
Authors: Lian Wenli , Geng Anjing , Wang Yihan , Liu Minghao , Zhang Yue , Wang Xu , Chen Guang
Published: November 2023

Potassium is essential for plant growth and development and stress adaptation. The maintenance of potassium homeostasis involves a series of potassium channels and transporters, which promote the movement of potassium ions (K+) across cell membranes and exhibit complex expression patterns and regulatory mechanisms. Rice is a major food crop in China. The low utilization rate of potassium fertilizer limits the yield and quality of rice. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of potassium absorption, transport, and utilization is critical in improving potassium utilization efficiency in rice. Although some K+ transporter genes have been identified from rice, research on the regulatory network is still in its infancy. Therefore, this review summarizes the relevant information on K+ channels and transporters in rice, covering the absorption of K+ in the roots, transport to the shoots, the regulation pathways, the relationship between K+ and the salt tolerance of rice, and the synergistic regulation of potassium, nitrogen, and phosphorus signals. The related research on rice potassium nutrition has been comprehensively reviewed, the existing research foundation and the bottleneck problems to be solved in this field have been clarified, and the follow-up key research directions have been pointed out to provide a theoretical framework for the cultivation of potassium-efficient rice.
Polyphenols and Their Impact on Human Health
Authors: Panzella Lucia
Published: November 2023

Given their potent antioxidant and biological properties [...]
Impact Assessment of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) and Hemostatic Sponge on Vascular Anastomosis Regeneration in Rats
Authors: Fazekas Laszlo Adam , Szabo Balazs , Szegeczki Vince , Filler Csaba , Varga Adam , Godo Zoltan Attila , Toth Gabor , Reglodi Dora , Juhasz Tamas , Nemeth Norbert
Published: November 2023

The proper regeneration of vessel anastomoses in microvascular surgery is crucial for surgical safety. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) can aid healing by decreasing inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress. In addition to hematological and hemorheological tests, we examined the biomechanical and histological features of vascular anastomoses with or without PACAP addition and/or using a hemostatic sponge (HS). End-to-end anastomoses were established on the right femoral arteries of rats. On the 21st postoperative day, femoral arteries were surgically removed for evaluation of tensile strength and for histological and molecular biological examination. Effects of PACAP were also investigated in tissue culture in vitro to avoid the effects of PACAP degrading enzymes. Surgical trauma and PACAP absorption altered laboratory parameters; most notably, the erythrocyte deformability decreased. Arterial wall thickness showed a reduction in the presence of HS, which was compensated by PACAP in both the tunica media and adventitia in vivo. The administration of PACAP elevated these parameters in vitro. In conclusion, the application of the neuropeptide augmented elastin expression while HS reduced it, but no significant alterations were detected in collagen type I expression. Elasticity and tensile strength increased in the PACAP group, while it decreased in the HS decreased. Their combined use was beneficial for vascular regeneration.
HLA-E and Its Soluble Form as Indicators of a Sex-Specific Immune Response in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Radermacher Anne , Fehrenz Michael , Bellin Tamara , Claßen Carolina , Möller Laura , Struckmeier Ann-Kristin , Wagner Mathias , Wartenberg Philipp , Moratin Julius , Freudlsperger Christian , Freier Kolja , Horn Dominik
Published: November 2023

The human leukocyte antigene E (HLA-E) is associated with tumorigenesis in various cancers. Immunoncology along with sex-specific aspects in cancer therapy are now in scientific focus. Therefore, immunohistochemical HLA-E expression was retrospectively analysed in a cohort of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) after surgical therapy. Then, serum concentration of HLA-E (sHLA-E) was quantified in a prospective cohort by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. High HLA-E expression was associated with advanced UICC stage (Spearman’s correlation: p = 0.002) and worse survival (Cox-regression: progression-free survival: hazard ratio (HR) 3.129, confidence range (CI) 1.443–6.787, p = 0.004; overall survival: HR 2.328, CI 1.071–5.060, p = 0.033). The sHLA-E concentration was significantly higher in the control group than in tumor group (Mann–Whitney U-test (MW-U): p = 0.021). Within the tumor group, women showed significantly higher sHLA-E levels than men (MW-U: p = 0.049). A closer look at the tumor group and the control group showed that gender-specific differences exist: while no differences in sHLA-E concentration were detectable between female subjects of tumor group and control group (MW-U: p = 0.916), male subjects of tumor group had a significantly lower sHLA-E concentration compared to those of control group (MW-U: p = 0.001). In summary, our results provide evidence for sex-specific differences in immune responses in OSCC. This fact should be considered regarding future immunotherapy regimens.
The Role of CPNE7 (Copine-7) in Colorectal Cancer Prognosis and Metastasis
Authors: Kong Hye-Jeong , Kang Dong-Hyun , Ahn Tae-Sung , Kim Kwang-Seock , Kim Tae-Wan , Lee Soo-Hyeon , Lee Dong-Woo , Ryu Jae-Sung , Beak Moo-Jun
Published: November 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and deadly cancers in the world. However, no effective treatment for the disease has yet been found. For this reason, several studies are being carried out on the treatment of CRC. Currently, there is limited understanding of the role of CPNE7 (copine-7) in CRC progression and metastasis. The results of this study show that CPNE7 exerts an oncogenic effect in CRC. First, CPNE7 was shown to be significantly up-regulated in CRC patient tissues and CRC cell lines compared to normal tissues according to IHC staining, qRT-PCR, and western blotting. Next, this study used both systems of siRNA and shRNA to suppress CPNE7 gene expression to check the CPNE7 mechanism in CRC. The suppressed CPNE7 significantly inhibited the growth of CRC cells in in vitro experiments, including migration, invasion, and semisolid agar colony-forming assay. Moreover, the modified expression of CPNE7 led to a decrease in the levels of genes associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). The epithelial genes E-cadherin (CDH1) and Collagen A1 were upregulated, and the levels of mesenchymal genes such as N-cadherin (CDH2), ZEB1, ZEB2, and SNAIL (SNAL1) were downregulated after CPNE7 inhibition. This study suggests that CPNE7 may serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker for CRC patients.
Quartz Crystal Microbalance Platform for SARS-CoV-2 Immuno-Diagnostics
Authors: Nilsson Per H. , Al-Majdoub Mahmoud , Ibrahim Ahmed , Aseel Obaidullah , Suriyanarayanan Subramanian , Andersson Linnea , Fostock Samir , Aastrup Teodor , Tjernberg Ivar , Rydén Ingvar , Nicholls Ian A.
Published: November 2023

Rapid and accurate serological analysis of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is important for assessing immune protection from vaccination or infection of individuals and for projecting virus spread within a population. The quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is a label-free flow-based sensor platform that offers an opportunity to detect the binding of a fluid-phase ligand to an immobilized target molecule in real time. A QCM-based assay was developed for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibody binding and evaluated for assay reproducibility. The assay was cross-compared to the Roche electrochemiluminescence assay (ECLIA) Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 serology test kit and YHLO’s chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). The day-to-day reproducibility of the assay had a correlation of r2 = 0.99, p < 0.001. The assay linearity was r2 = 0.96, p < 0.001, for dilution in both serum and buffer. In the cross-comparison analysis of 119 human serum samples, 59 were positive in the Roche, 52 in the YHLO, and 48 in the QCM immunoassay. Despite differences in the detection method and antigen used for antibody capture, there was good coherence between the assays, 80–100% for positive and 96–100% for negative test results. In summation, the QCM-based SARS-CoV-2 IgG immunoassay showed high reproducibility and linearity, along with good coherence with the ELISA-based assays. Still, factors including antibody titer and antigen-binding affinity may differentially affect the various assays’ responses.
Recent Updates in Venetoclax Combination Therapies in Pediatric Hematological Malignancies
Authors: Leśniak Maria , Lipniarska Justyna , Majka Patrycja , Lejman Monika , Zawitkowska Joanna
Published: November 2023

Venetoclax is a strongly effective B-cell lymphoma-2 inhibitor (BCL-2) with an ability to selectively restore the apoptotic potential of cancerous cells. It has been proven that in combination with immunotherapy, targeted therapies, and lower-intensity therapies such as hypomethylating agents (HMAs) or low-dose cytarabine (LDAC), the drug can improve overall outcomes for adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and multiple myeloma (MM), amongst other hematological malignancies, but its benefit in pediatric hematology remains unclear. With a number of preclinical and clinical trials emerging, the newest findings suggest that in many cases of younger patients, venetoclax combination treatment can be well-tolerated, with a safety profile similar to that in adults, despite often leading to severe infections. Studies aim to determine the activity of BCL-2 inhibitor in the treatment of both primary and refractory acute leukemias in combination with standard and high-dose chemotherapy. Although more research is required to identify the optimal venetoclax-based regimen for the pediatric population and its long-term effects on patients’ outcomes, it can become a potential therapeutic agent for pediatric oncology.
Biomedical Approach of Nanotechnology and Biological Risks: A Mini-Review
Authors: Silva Debora F. , Melo Ailime L. P. , Uchôa Ana F. C. , Pereira Graziela M. A. , Alves Alisson E. F. , Vasconcellos Maria C. , Xavier-Júnior Francisco H. , Passos Marcele F.
Published: November 2023

Nanotechnology has played a prominent role in biomedical engineering, offering innovative approaches to numerous treatments. Notable advances have been observed in the development of medical devices, contributing to the advancement of modern medicine. This article briefly discusses key applications of nanotechnology in tissue engineering, controlled drug release systems, biosensors and monitoring, and imaging and diagnosis. The particular emphasis on this theme will result in a better understanding, selection, and technical approach to nanomaterials for biomedical purposes, including biological risks, security, and biocompatibility criteria.
Gintonin Alleviates HCl/Ethanol- and Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Mice
Authors: Cho Han-Sung , Kwon Tae Woo , Kim Ji-Hun , Lee Rami , Bae Chun-Sik , Kim Hyoung-Chun , Kim Jong-Hoon , Choi Sun-Hye , Cho Ik-Hyun , Nah Seung-Yeol
Published: November 2023

Gintonin, newly extracted from ginseng, is a glycoprotein that acts as an exogenous lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand. This study aimed to demonstrate the in vivo preventive effects of gintonin on gastric damage. ICR mice were randomly assigned to five groups: a normal group (received saline, 0.1 mL/10 g, p.o.); a control group (administered 0.3 M HCl/ethanol, 0.1 mL/10 g, p.o.) or indomethacin (30 mg/kg, p.o.); gintonin at two different doses (50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg, p.o.) with either 0.3 M HCl/ethanol or indomethacin; and a positive control (Ranitidine, 40 mg/kg, p.o.). After gastric ulcer induction, the gastric tissue was examined to calculate the ulcer index. The expression of gastric damage markers, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and LPA2 and LPA5 receptors, were measured by Western blotting. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1), Evans blue, and occludin levels in gastric tissues were measured using immunofluorescence analysis. Both HCl/ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers showed increased TNF-α, IL-6, Evans blue permeation, and PECAM-1, and decreased COX-2, PGE2, occludin, and LPA5 receptor expression levels. However, oral administration of gintonin alleviated the gastric ulcer index induced by HCl/ethanol and indomethacin in a dose-dependent manner. Gintonin suppressed TNF-α and IL-6 expression, but increased COX-2 expression and PGE2 levels in mouse gastric tissues. Gintonin intake also increased LPA5 receptor expression in mouse gastric tissues. These results indicate that gintonin can play a role in gastric protection against gastric damage induced by HCl/ethanol or indomethacin.
Molecular Changes Associated with Suicide
Authors: Navarro Daniela , Marín-Mayor Marta , Gasparyan Ani , García-Gutiérrez María Salud , Rubio Gabriel , Manzanares Jorge
Published: November 2023

Suicide is a serious global public health problem, with a worrying recent increase in suicide rates in both adolescent and adult populations. However, it is essential to recognize that suicide is preventable. A myriad of factors contributes to an individual’s vulnerability to suicide. These factors include various potential causes, from psychiatric disorders to genetic and epigenetic alterations. These changes can induce dysfunctions in crucial systems such as the serotonergic, cannabinoid, and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axes. In addition, early life experiences of abuse can profoundly impact an individual’s ability to cope with stress, ultimately leading to changes in the inflammatory system, which is a significant risk factor for suicidal behavior. Thus, it is clear that suicidal behavior may result from a confluence of multiple factors. This review examines the primary risk factors associated with suicidal behavior, including psychiatric disorders, early life adversities, and epigenetic modifications. Our goal is to elucidate the molecular changes at the genetic, epigenetic, and molecular levels in the brains of individuals who have taken their own lives and in the plasma and peripheral mononuclear cells of suicide attempters and how these changes may serve as predisposing factors for suicidal tendencies.
Collection of Silicon Detectors Mechanical Properties from Static and Dynamic Characterization Test Campaigns
Authors: Mancini Edoardo , Mussolin Lorenzo , Morettini Giulia , Palmieri Massimiliano , Ionica Maria , Silvestre Gianluigi , Cadoux Franck , Staffa Agnese , Ambrosi Giovanni , Cianetti Filippo , Braccesi Claudio , Farnesini Lucio , Caprai Mirco , Scolieri Gianluca , Petrucci Roberto , Torre Luigi
Published: November 2023

Physics research is constantly pursuing more efficient silicon detectors, often trying to develop complex and optimized geometries, thus leading to non-trivial engineering challenges. Although critical for this optimization, there are few silicon tile mechanical data available in the literature. In an attempt to partially fill this gap, the present work details various mechanical-related aspects of spaceborne silicon detectors. Specifically, this study concerns three experimental campaigns with different objectives: a mechanical characterization of the material constituting the detector (in terms of density, elastic, and failure properties), an analysis of the adhesive effect on the loads, and a wirebond vibrational endurance campaign performed on three different unpotted samples. By collecting and discussing the experimental results, this work aims to fulfill its purpose of providing insight into the mechanical problems associated with this specific application and procuring input data of paramount importance. For the study to be complete, the perspective taken is broader than mere silicon analysis and embraces all related aspects; i.e., the detector–structure adhesive interface and the structural integrity of wirebonds. In summary, this paper presents experimental data on the material properties of silicon detectors, the impact of the adhesive on the gluing stiffness, and unpotted wirebond vibrational endurance. At the same time, the discussion of the results furnishes an all-encompassing view of the design-associated criticalities in experiments where silicon detectors are employed.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of MASLD and Liver Fibrosis amongst the Penitentiary Population in Catalonia: The PRISONAFLD Study
Authors: Rivera-Esteban Jesús , Jiménez-Masip Alba , Muñoz-Martínez Sergio , Augustin Salvador , Guerrero Rafael A. , Gabriel-Medina Pablo , Ferrer-Costa Roser , Rodríguez-Frías Francisco , Turu Elisabet , Marco Andrés , Pericàs Juan M. ,   on behalf of the PRISONAFLD Study Group Collaborators
Published: November 2023

Background and Aims: The prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases, particularly metabolic syndrome (MetS), has increased among the prison population. Nevertheless, we have limited data on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), the hepatic manifestation of this syndrome. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of MASLD and MASLD-associated liver fibrosis in the penitentiary population in Catalonia, Spain. Method: A cross-sectional observational study involving eight penitentiary centers. Participants had at least one metabolic disorder and were at a closed-regimen penitentiary. Individuals with concomitant liver diseases and/or alcohol risk consumption were excluded. Significant fibrosis and MASLD were defined as liver stiffness ≥8 kPa and a controlled attenuation parameter ≥275 dB/m by vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE), respectively. After exclusions, metabolic inmates with VCTE were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of MASLD and MASLD-associated significant fibrosis. Results: Out of the 4338 inmates studied, 1290 (29.7%) had metabolic disorders, and 646 (14.9%) underwent VCTE. The mean age was 48.0 years (SD 12.1), and 89.5% were male. MASLD prevalence was 33.9%. Significant fibrosis and MASLD-associated significant fibrosis were found in 16.4% and 9.4% of inmates, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, T2D, waist circumference, MetS, and higher ALT values were identified as independent risk factors for MASLD and MASLD-associated significant fibrosis amongst the prison population. Conclusions: Metabolic disorders including MASLD are highly prevalent among inmates. The prevalence of significant fibrosis seems notably higher than that of the general population, underscoring the need for targeted screening programs and therapeutic interventions in the incarcerated population.
The Effect of Iron Replacement Therapy on HbA1c Levels in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: AlQarni Amani M. , Alghamdi Amal A. , Aljubran Hussain J. , Bamalan Omar A. , Abuzaid Abdullah H. , AlYahya Mohammed A.
Published: November 2023

Background: Several studies have reported that iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) and its treatment might lead to a distorted reading of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value. Hence, this review aims to systematically investigate the effect of iron replacement therapy (IRT) on HbA1c levels, as the literature is deficient in assessing this clinical phenomenon. Methods: An electronic search of the Cochrane, MEDLINE, and Embase databases was conducted by four independent authors. Results: Among the 8332 articles identified using the search strategy, 10 records (with a total of 2113 participants) met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. In nine of the studies, IRT was found to decrease HbA1c levels; in the remaining study, IRT was found to increase HbA1c levels. The effect size of the pooled standardized mean difference in HbA1c levels between the treatment and control groups with IDA was 1.8 (95% CI = −0.5, 2.31). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 and χ2 tests, and the resultant values were 98.46% and p = 0.09, respectively. Additionally, the mean difference between the HbA1c levels (pre-IRT and post-IRT) showed a drop in the HbA1c levels which ranged from 1.20 to 0.43 mg/dL. Conclusions: The results suggest that IRT decreases HbA1c levels, and it is helpful in treating IDA patients with poor glycemic control. Accordingly, the results provide an added perspective on antidiabetic medication dosing and physicians’ interpretation of initially elevated HbA1c values.
Local MRI before and after Tumor Resection in Neuroblastoma: Impact of Residual Disease on Event Free Survival
Authors: Schäfer Jürgen F. , Gassenmaier Sebastian , Warmann Steven , Urla Cristian , Frauenfeld Leonie , Flaadt Tim , Chaika Maryanna , Esser Michael , Tsiflikas Ilias , Timmermann Beate , Fuchs Jörg
Published: November 2023

(1) Background: The study aimed to investigate the influence of MRI-defined residual disease on local tumor control after resection of neuroblastic tumors in patients without routine adjuvant radiotherapy. (2) Methods: Patients, who underwent tumor resection between 2009 and 2019 and received a pre- and postoperative MRI, were included in this retrospective single-center study. Measurement of residual disease (RD) was performed using standardized criteria. Primary endpoint was the local or combined (local and metastatic) event free survival (EFS). (3) Results: Forty-one patients (20 female) with median age of 39 months were analyzed. Risk group analysis showed eleven low-, eight intermediate-, and twenty-two high-risk patients (LR, IR, HR). RD was found in 16 cases by MRI. A local or combined relapse or progression was found in nine patients of whom eight patients had RD (p = 0.0004). From the six patients with local or combined relapse in the HR group, five had RD (p = 0.005). Only one of 25 patients without RD had a local event. Mean EFS (month) was significantly higher if MRI showed no residual tumor (81 ± 5 vs. 43 ± 9; p = 0.0014) for the total cohort and the HR subgroup (62 ± 7 vs. 31 ± 11; p = 0.016). (4) Conclusions: In our series, evidence of residual tumor, detectable by MRI, was associated with insufficient local control, resulting in relapses or local progression in 50% of patients. Only one of the patients without residual tumor had a local relapse.
A Selective Integration-Based Adaptive Mesh Refinement Approach for Accurate and Efficient Welding Process Simulation
Authors: Huang Hui , Murakawa Hidekazu
Published: November 2023

To save computational time and physical memory in welding thermo-mechanical analysis, an accurate adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) method was proposed based on the feature of moving heat source during the welding. The locally refined mesh was generated automatically according to the position of the heat source to solve the displacement field. A background mesh, without forming a global matrix, was designed to maintain the accuracy of stress and strain after mesh coarsening. The solutions are always carried out on the refined computational mesh using a selective integration scheme. To evaluate the performance of the developed method, a fillet welding joint was first analyzed via validation of the accuracy of conventional FEM by experiment. Secondly, a larger fillet joint and its variations with a greater number of degrees of freedom were analyzed via conventional FEM and current AMR. The simulation results confirmed that the proposed method is accurate and efficient. An improvement in computational efficiency by 7 times was obtained, and memory saving is about 63% for large-scale models.