bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact Force of a Geomorphic Dam-Break Wave against an Obstacle: Effects of Sediment Inertia
Authors: Di Cristo Cristiana , Greco Massimo , Iervolino Michele , Vacca Andrea
Published: January 2021

The evaluation of the impact force on structures due to a flood wave is of utmost importance for estimating physical damage and designing adequate countermeasures. The present study investigates, using 2D shallow-water approximation, the morphodynamics and forces caused by a dam-break wave against a rigid obstacle in the presence of an erodible bed. A widely used coupled equilibrium model, based on the two-dimensional Saint–Venant hydrodynamic equations combined with the sediment continuity Exner equation (SVEM), is compared with a more complex two-phase model (TPM). Considering an experimental set-up presented in the literature with a single rigid obstacle in a channel, two series of tests were performed, assuming sand or light sediments on the bottom. The former test is representative of a typical laboratory experiment, and the latter may be scaled up to a field case. For each test, two different particle diameters were considered. Independently from the particle size, it was found that in the sand tests, SVEM performs similarly to TPM. In the case of light sediment, larger differences are observed, and the SVEM predicts a higher force of about 26% for both considered diameters. The analysis of the flow fields and the morphodynamics shows these differences can be essentially ascribed to the role of inertia of the solid particles.
Distribution Uniformity in Intensive Horticultural Systems of Almería and Influence of the Production System and Water Quality
Authors: Contreras Juana , Roldán-Cañas José , Moreno-Pérez Maria , Gavilán Pedro , Lozano David , Baeza Rafael
Published: January 2021

The high productivity and efficiency of the use of irrigation water that characterizes greenhouse horticultural crops can be affected by poor irrigation distribution uniformity. The objective of this work was to estimate the average irrigation distribution uniformity (DU) of the greenhouses in Almería, determining the influence of the irrigation water quality as well as the production system on this uniformity. A prospective study was carried out in which commercial farms were selected that used different water qualities (groundwater vs. reclaimed) with different production systems (organic vs. conventional/integrated). The average irrigation distribution uniformity in the greenhouses of Almería was 80%. The farms with organic production systems presented a drastic DU reduction with respect to conventional farms (48% vs. 88%). The DU of the irrigation water presented in commercial farms irrigated with reclaimed water presented a lower DU than those irrigated with groundwater (76% vs. 86%). The distribution of irrigation depth of water in the greenhouses showed slight variations (from 3.2 to 2.9 mm) depending on the emitter position, with the highest values being at the head of the sub-main pipe and dripper line and the lowest at the end of the sub-main pipe and dripper line. The depth of water values was very close to the theoretical average of 3 mm. Water quality affects the distribution pattern of the depth of water in greenhouses. Installations irrigated with reclaimed water showed greater oscillation of the water depth within the sub-unit, varying from 3.6 to 2.0 mm, although the average depth was located close to the theoretical depth (3 mm). The production system affected the distribution of the depth of water—in the organic system, the depth underwent greater variation depending on the position of the emitter in the sub-unit, ranging from 1.7 to 3.3 mm. In addition, within this production system, the median depth of water was close to 2.5 mm, lower than the theoretical depth (3 mm), which denoted a certain generalized filling that was accentuated at the end of the dripper line and sub-main pipe.
Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Precipitation and Potential Influencing Factors in the Loess Plateau before and after the Implementation of the Grain for Green Project
Authors: Wang Jichao , Sun Miao , Gao Xuerui , Zhao Xining , Zhao Yong
Published: January 2021

Since the implementation of the Grain for Green Project (GFGP) in the 1990s, the warming and wetting trend in the Loess Plateau is becoming statistically significant in the context of climate change. However, the correlation between precipitation increase and the regional vegetation restoration is still controversial. To explore the main factors influencing the regional precipitation change, this study selected five potential influencing factors including potential evapotranspiration (PET), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), precipitable water (PW), surface temperature (ST), and water vapor transport (WVT). We used the statistical methods to analyze the spatial-temporal distribution of precipitation before and after the GFGP and to quantify the relative influence degree of different factors to precipitation change. The results show that: (1) The precipitation increased significantly (95% confidence level) after the GFGP, with an increase rate of 4.96 mm a−1; (2) from the perspective of spatial-temporal distribution, the precipitation in the southern part of the Loess plateau was significantly increasing with an increase rate of 20–50 mm in the period of 2000–2014; (3) the relative influence degree of NDVI to precipitation increased after the GFGP, and the annual precipitation (PREA) and summer precipitation (PRES) was more influenced by NDVI (relative influence degree of 30.18% and 31.37%, respectively) compared with winter precipitation. In winter, the PW and the PET are the main influencing factors for the precipitation change with relative influence degrees of 30.13% and 27.64%, respectively. Based on this study, we speculate that the warming and wetting trend of the Loess Plateau in recent years is not only closely related to global climate change, but also significantly affected by local climate change brought by vegetation restoration. The above conclusions are important for future ecological restoration and water resources management in the water-scarce Loess Plateau.
Hazards, Vulnerability, and Risk Analysis on Wave Overtopping and Coastal Flooding in Low-Lying Coastal Areas: The Case of Costa da Caparica, Portugal
Authors: Ferreira José Carlos , Cardona Fábio Santos , Jóia Santos Catarina , Tenedório José António
Published: January 2021

Coastal areas are densely populated areas, and they have been experiencing increasing pressures as a consequence of population growth, but also because of climate change aggravation. For this reason, hazard, vulnerability, and risk indexes have been becoming more recurrent, especially to study and analyze low-lying coastal areas. This study presents an analysis on wave overtopping and coastal flooding, using an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) multicriteria methodology, in Costa da Caparica (Portugal). The definition of the different criteria, as well as their respective weighting for the overall problem and index calculation, was carried out with the help of experts in the subject. By following this methodology, and by using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), hazard, vulnerability, and risk indexes were obtained. The most hazardous areas are located closest to the sea, where the elevation is the lowest, whereas the most vulnerable areas are in neighborhoods with specific socioeconomic characteristics (high urban and economic density). Overall, around 30% of the study area displays moderate to very high risk regarding the occurrence of overtopping and flooding events. The results of this study will be helpful in decision-making processes in matters of coastal zone management and monitoring.
Flood Susceptibility Assessment Using Novel Ensemble of Hyperpipes and Support Vector Regression Algorithms
Authors: Saha Asish , Pal Subodh , Arabameri Alireza , Blaschke Thomas , Panahi Somayeh , Chowdhuri Indrajit , Chakrabortty Rabin , Costache Romulus , Arora Aman
Published: January 2021

Recurrent floods are one of the major global threats among people, particularly in developing countries like India, as this nation has a tropical monsoon type of climate. Therefore, flood susceptibility (FS) mapping is indeed necessary to overcome this type of natural hazard phenomena. With this in mind, we evaluated the prediction performance of FS mapping in the Koiya River basin, Eastern India. The present research work was done through preparation of a sophisticated flood inventory map; eight flood conditioning variables were selected based on the topography and hydro-climatological condition, and by applying the novel ensemble approach of hyperpipes (HP) and support vector regression (SVR) machine learning (ML) algorithms. The ensemble approach of HP-SVR was also compared with the stand-alone ML algorithms of HP and SVR. In relative importance of variables, distance to river was the most dominant factor for flood occurrences followed by rainfall, land use land cover (LULC), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The validation and accuracy assessment of FS maps was done through five popular statistical methods. The result of accuracy evaluation showed that the ensemble approach is the most optimal model (AUC = 0.915, sensitivity = 0.932, specificity = 0.902, accuracy = 0.928 and Kappa = 0.835) in FS assessment, followed by HP (AUC = 0.885) and SVR (AUC = 0.871).
SWMM-UrbanEVA: A Model for the Evapotranspiration of Urban Vegetation
Authors: Hörnschemeyer Birgitta , Henrichs Malte , Uhl Mathias
Published: January 2021

Urban hydrology has so far lacked a suitable model for a precise long-term determination of evapotranspiration (ET) addressing shading and vegetation-specific dynamics. The proposed model “SWMM-UrbanEVA” is fully integrated into US EPA’s Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) and consists of two submodules. Submodule 1, “Shading”, considers the reduction in potential ET due to shading effects. Local variabilities of shading impacts can be addressed for both pervious and impervious catchments. Submodule 2, “Evapotranspiration”, allows the spatio-temporal differentiated ET simulation of vegetation and maps dependencies on vegetation, soil, and moisture conditions which are necessary for realistically modeling vegetation’s water balance. The model is tested for parameter sensitivities, validity, and plausibility of model behaviour and shows good model performance for both submodules. Depending on location and vegetation, remarkable improvements in total volume errors Vol (from Vol = 0.59 to −0.04% for coniferous) and modeling long-term dynamics, measured by the Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) (from NSE = 0.47 to 0.87 for coniferous) can be observed. The most sensitive model inputs to total ET are the shading factor KS and the crop factor KC. Both must be derived very carefully to minimize volume errors. Another focus must be set on the soil parameters since they define the soil volume available for ET. Process-oriented differentiation between ET fluxes interception evaporation, transpiration, and soil evaporation, using the leaf area index, behaves realistically but shows a lack in volume errors. Further investigations on process dynamics, validation, and parametrization are recommended.
Interaction of Very Large Scale Motion of Coherent Structures with Sediment Particle Exposure
Authors: Yücesan Sencer , Wildt Daniel , Gmeiner Philipp , Schobesberger Johannes , Hauer Christoph , Sindelar Christine , Habersack Helmut , Tritthart Michael
Published: January 2021

A systematic variation of the exposure level of a spherical particle in an array of multiple spheres in a high Reynolds number turbulent open-channel flow regime was investigated while using the Large Eddy Simulation method. Our numerical study analysed hydrodynamic conditions of a sediment particle based on three different channel configurations, from full exposure to zero exposure level. Premultiplied spectrum analysis revealed that the effect of very-large-scale motion of coherent structures on the lift force on a fully exposed particle resulted in a bi-modal distribution with a weak low wave number and a local maximum of a high wave number. Lower exposure levels were found to exhibit a uni-modal distribution.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Water Resources Carrying Capacity in the Han River Basin
Authors: Deng Lele , Yin Jiabo , Tian Jing , Li Qianxun , Guo Shenglian
Published: January 2021

As one of the most crucial indices of sustainable development and water security, water resources carrying capacity (WRCC) has been a pivotal and hot-button issue in water resources planning and management. Quantifying WRCC can provide useful references on optimizing water resources allocation and guiding sustainable development. In this study, the WRCCs in both current and future periods were systematically quantified using set pair analysis (SPA), which was formulated to represent carrying grade and explore carrying mechanism. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, along with water resources development and utilization model, was employed to project future water resources scenarios. The proposed framework was tested on a case study of China’s Han River basin. A comprehensive evaluation index system across water resources, social economy, and ecological environment was established to assess the WRCC. During the current period, the WRCC first decreased and then increased, and the water resources subsystem performed best, while the eco-environment subsystem achieved inferior WRCC. The SWAT model projected that the amount of the total water resources will reach about 56.9 billion m3 in 2035s, and the water resources development and utilization model projected a rise of water consumption. The declining WRCC implies that the water resources are unable to support or satisfy the demand of ecological and socioeconomic development in 2035s. The study furnishes abundant and valuable information for guiding water resources planning, and the core idea of this model can be extended for the assessment, prediction, and regulation of other systems.
Estimating the Pan Evaporation in Northwest China by Coupling CatBoost with Bat Algorithm
Authors: Dong Liming , Zeng Wenzhi , Wu Lifeng , Lei Guoqing , Chen Haorui , Srivastava Amit Kumar , Gaiser Thomas
Published: January 2021

Accurate estimation of pan evaporation (Ep) is vital for the development of water resources and agricultural water management, especially in arid and semi-arid regions where it is restricted to set up the facilities and measure pan evaporation accurately and consistently. Besides, using pan evaporation estimating models and pan coefficient (kp) models is a classic method to assess the reference evapotranspiration (ET0) which is indispensable to crop growth, irrigation scheduling, and economic assessment. This study estimated the potential of a novel hybrid machine learning model Coupling Bat algorithm (Bat) and Gradient boosting with categorical features support (CatBoost) for estimating daily pan evaporation in arid and semi-arid regions of northwest China. Two other commonly used algorithms including random forest (RF) and original CatBoost (CB) were also applied for comparison. The daily meteorological data for 12 years (2006–2017) from 45 weather stations in arid and semi-arid areas of China, including minimum and maximum air temperature (Tmin, Tmax), relative humidity (RH), wind speed (U), and global solar radiation (Rs), were utilized to feed the three models for exploring the ability in predicting pan evaporation. The results revealed that the new developed Bat-CB model (RMSE = 0.859–2.227 mm·d−1; MAE = 0.540–1.328 mm·d−1; NSE = 0.625–0.894; MAPE = 0.162–0.328) was superior to RF and CB. In addition, CB (RMSE = 0.897–2.754 mm·d−1; MAE = 0.531–1.77 mm·d−1; NSE = 0.147–0.869; MAPE = 0.161–0.421) slightly outperformed RF (RMSE = 1.005–3.604 mm·d−1; MAE = 0.644–2.479 mm·d−1; NSE = −1.242–0.894; MAPE = 0.176–0.686) which had poor ability to operate the erratic changes of pan evaporation. Furthermore, the improvement of Bat-CB was presented more comprehensively and obviously in the seasonal and spatial performance compared to CB and RF. Overall, Bat-CB has high accuracy, robust stability, and huge potential for Ep estimation in arid and semi-arid regions of northwest China and the applications of findings in this study have equal significance for adjacent countries.
Efeitos da accountability na educação escolar no Ceará
Authors: Pessoa Márcio Kleber Morais , Santos João Bosco Feitosa dos
Published: January 2021

O artigo visa entender a influência da Reforma do Estado da década de 1990 nas políticas educacionais e os efeitos da accountability na rede escolar do Ceará, mediante análise documental e revisão de literatura.

O governo estadual aderiu à lógica educacional da accountability: padronização, prestação de contas

e responsabilização. Isso ocasionou efeitos perversos ao excluir uma parcela populacional vulnerável: jovens com 18 anos ou mais que frequentam o turno noturno.
Effect of Crystalline Microstructure Evolution on Thermoelectric Performance of PEDOT : PSS Films
Authors: Huang Xuan , Deng Liang , Liu Fusheng , Zhang Qichun , Chen Guangming
Published: January 2021

Although organic polymer thermoelectric (TE) materials have witnessed explosive advances in the recent decade, the molecular mechanism of crystallization engineering of TE performance, even for the most successful polymer of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) : poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT : PSS), is still far from clear. Here, we deepen the understanding of the role of annealing-induced crystalline microstructure evolution on TE performance of the PEDOT : PSS film with thickness of 10 
μ
m, which is usually more effective than thin ones in applications. Annealed at optimized temperature of 220°C, the film displays a power factor of 162.5 times of that of the pristine film before annealing. The enhanced TE performance is associated with the changes of crystallographic and morphologic microstructures, including increased crystallinity and crystal grain size, a domain morphology transformation from granular to crystalline nanofibril, and reduced insulating PSS in the skin layer. These variances facilitate the carrier transport by a transition from 3D to 1D hopping, reduce the activation energy, and improve the carrier mobility. The mechanism of crystallization engineering reported here can be conceptually extended to other TE polymers and guides the future rational design of preparation principles for organic and composite TE materials.
Effects of Negotiated Interaction in L2 Acquisition: A study in Tertiary Education in Bangladesh
Authors: Al Matin Asif
Published: January 2021

The process of L2 (Second language) acquisition is a complicated, conscious one that requires an understanding of L2 input to produce L2 output. Among different strategies, Negotiated Interaction is one way to improve L2 acquisition. Though Bangladesh is a monolingual country, in education system of Bangladesh, English plays an important role. Especially in tertiary education in Bangladesh, English is the dominating medium of teaching and learning. Tertiary education is the level after which usually students in Bangladesh go for searching different types of jobs, so Negotiated Interaction can be helpful to keep a balanced atmosphere of input and output for both the teachers and learners. Apart from some limitations, this strategy can be one of the most effective one in case of teaching and learning in the tertiary education in Bangladesh. The purpose of this article is to show how this strategy improves L2 acquisition. Negotiated Interaction can play an effective role in combining teaching and learning processes for L2 acquisition in tertiary education in Bangladesh.
Economic & Social Impact of Microfinance: An Empirical Evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Chowdhury Dr. Mosaddak , Khaled Rahman Dr. Syed Mohammad , Gaffar Salman Md. Abdul
Published: January 2021

This is an empirical study about the current situation and the economic and social impact of microfinance programs in Bangladesh with their respective significance. The findings reveal that the microfinance programs have important and significant effects on the beneficiaries in alleviation of poverty, generation of income, and savings. Microfinance programs also help to generate employment to a little extent, but it is still not up to the mark. The results show that microfinance service holders’ savings and consumptions increased as well since they now have a better living standard. The conclusion prioritizes that microfinance programs need to be accelerated more for socio-economic development, economic expansion and above all, poverty eradication. Proper implementation of the policies is needed and more training programs have to be initiated for the expansion of activities.
Premature deindustrialization and income inequality in middle-income countries
Authors: Ravindran Rekha , Babu M Suresh
Published: January 2021

This paper examines the income inequality implications of a ‘premature deindustrialization’ trend in middle-income countries. To identify the premature deindustrialization phase, we arrive at five conditions based on the trends in employment and value-added share of manufacture. Among these five conditions, the first and second examine the deindustrialization pattern in economies. The last three classify the identified deindustrialization phase as premature or not. We apply panel fixed-effects and bootstrap-corrected dynamic fixed-effects models to empirically examine the relationship between premature deindustrialization and income inequality. Our findings suggest that income inequality rises with premature deindustrialization if the displaced workers are absorbed into low-productivity and informal market services (especially with employment increase in non-business market services such as trade, transport, hotels, and accommodation activities). In contrast, if high-productivity non-market services are the dominant employment provider, this helps to reduce income inequality even in the presence of premature deindustrialization.
Structural estimates of the South African sacrifice ratio
Authors: Gereziher Hayelom Yrgaw , Nuru Naser Yenus
Published: January 2021

This paper estimates the output cost of fighting inflation—the sacrifice ratio—for the South African economy using quarterly data spanning the period 1998Q1–2019Q3. To compute the sacrifice ratio, the structural vector autoregressive model developed by Cecchetti and Rich (2001) based on Cecchetti (1994) is employed. Our findings show us a small sacrifice ratio, which lies within the range 0.00002–0.231 per cent with an average of 0.031 per cent, indicating a low level of output to be sacrificed while fighting inflation. Hence, the reserve bank is recommended to sustain an inflation rate within the target range and reap the benefits of a predictable and stable price path, as restrictive monetary policy has only a transitory effect on real variables like output.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN PELANGGAN PADA KANTOR POS SINDANGLAYA CIPANAS
Authors: Siroj Sirojudin , Nurwidiawati Desti , Mailani Asrti , Syachwaldi Rizki Alyan , Irawan Agus , Nurohman M. Yusuf , Aditya Sandi
Published: January 2021

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas pelayanan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan pada kantor pos Sindanglaya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah field research dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pelanggan yang menggunakan jasa pelayanan pengiriman barang di kantor pos Sindanglaya Kecamatan Cipanas, Kabupaten Cianjur. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 100 responden. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji analisis regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkn bahwa variabel kualitas pelayanan memiliki t hitung yang bernilai positif sebesar 0,5688 dengan taraf signifikansi 0,000 diatas signifikansi 0,05 (0,000 < 0,05). Dengan demikian t hitung t tabel (5,688 > 1,984), maka H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Sehingga dapat dinyatakan bahwa Kualitas Pelayanan memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan pada PT. Pos Sindanglaya. Adapun persamaan analisis regresi linier sederhananya yaitu: Ŷ = 9,118 + 0,139X. ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of service quality on customer satisfaction at the Sindanglaya post office. This type of research is field research with a quantitative approach. The population of this study were all customers of the Sindanglaya Post Office. The data collection technique used a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used simple linear regression analysis. The population in this study were all customers who used the delivery service at the Sindanglaya post office. Samples taken were 100 respondents. The results of this study indicate that the service quality variable has a positive t count of 0.5688 with a significance level of 0.000 above the significance of 0.05 (0.000 <0.05). Thus t count t table (5.688> 1.984), then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. So it can be stated that Service Quality has a significant influence on Customer Satisfaction at PT. POS. Sindanglaya. Simple linear regression analysis Ŷ = 9,118 + 0,139X.
CRECIMIENTO Y RESPUESTAS FISIOLÓGICAS DE Phaseolus spp. EN CONDICIONES DE SALINIDAD
Authors: Bahena-Betancourt Leobardo , Macías-Rodríguez Lourdes , López-Gómez Rodolfo , Bayuelo-Jiménez Jeannette S.
Published: January 2021

Se estudió el comportamiento de variables fisiológicas e índices de crecimiento en especies de Phaseolus en condiciones de salinidad. El experimento se realizó en solución nutritiva en condiciones de invernadero, con cuatro niveles de salinidad (0, 30, 60, and 90 mM NaCl). Durante 20 d de iniciado el tratamiento salino, se analizó la tasa de crecimiento relativo (TCR; g g-1 d-1), tasa de asimilación neta (TAN; g m-2 d-1), razón de área foliar (RAF; m2 g-1), área foliar específica (AFE; m2 g-1) y relación de peso foliar (RPF; g g-1). El incremento de salinidad redujo la TCR, TAN, RAF y AFE, pero no afectó la RPF. En todas las especies, excepto en P. filiformis, la TCR correlacionó significativamente con TAN y no con RAF, lo que indica que la eficiencia fotosintética en un factor determinante en las diferencias entre especies. En P. filiformis, la TCR, TAN y RAF se mantuvieron inalterables aún en la mayor concentración salina. En todas especies, excepto en P. filiformis, el incremento de salinidad disminuyó progresivamente la conductancia estomática y la tasa de asimilación de CO2. Los potenciales hídrico y osmótico disminuyeron conforme se intensificó el agobio salino, pero el ajuste osmótico permitió que la turgencia celular se mantuviera o aumentara. La salinidad provocó incremento significativo de carbohidratos totales en hojas y tallos, pero no en raíces; tal acumulación de carbohidratos se relacionó con el mantenimiento de turgencia en etapas iniciales del agobio. Se confirmó que P. filiformis es una especie tolerante a salinidad, tolerancia que está regulada por un adecuado control estomático y eficiencia fotosintética a través de ajuste osmótico.
PRODUCCIÓN DE TOMATE EN INVERNADERO CON HUMUS DE LOMBRIZ COMO SUSTRATO
Authors: Rodríguez-Dimas Norma , Cano-Ríos Pedro , Figueroa-Viramontes Uriel , Palomo-Gil Arturo , Favela-Chávez Esteban , Álvarez-Reyna Vicente de Paul , Márquez-Hernández Cándido , Moreno-Reséndez Alejandro
Published: January 2021

En condiciones de invernadero y durante el ciclo de invierno 2004 - 2005, se evaluaron dos híbridos de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) ‘Big Beef’ y ‘Miramar’ en tres sustratos: S1, vermicomposta + arena, en proporción 1:1 (v:v) + micronutrimentos quelatizados; S2, vermicomposta + arena, sin micronutrimentos; y el testigo S3, arena + solución nutritiva inorgánica. Los seis tratamientos se distribuyeron en un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial 3 x 2 con 36 repeticiones, una planta por repetición. Se detectaron diferencias entre sustratos en rendimiento y calidad (P ≤ 0.01). El híbrido ‘Big Beef’ en el S3 presentó el rendimiento comercial más alto con 279 t ha-1, y superó al S1 con el mismo genotipo. En rendimiento de fruto total ambos híbridos crecidos en el S3 superaron al S1; sin embargo, el rendimiento en S1 fue mayor de 200 t ha-1 en ambos genotipos. Además, en S1 se logró mayor contenidode sólidos solubles y espesor del pericarpio en el fruto que en S3 y S2, por lo que el uso de vermicomposta + arena + quelatos puede ser una opción viable para producir tomate orgánico en invernadero.
ADAPTABILIDAD DE POBLACIONES DE Pinus pinceana EN DOS SUELOS
Authors: Córdoba-Rodríguez Diana , Vargas-Hernández Jesús , Arévalo-Ramírez José A.
Published: January 2021

Pinus pinceana se encuentra sometida a fuertes presiones ambientales y antrópicas que la declinan hacia su extinción, y existe poca información ecológica y genética sobre esta especie, en particular sobre las posibles diferencias entre poblaciones en el crecimiento y la distribución de biomasa en plántulas, como mecanismos adaptativos a condiciones ambientales. En este estudio se determinó el patrón de distribución de biomasa y la tasa de crecimiento de la raíz como características adaptativas en 10 poblaciones naturales de este pino provenientes de las regiones norte y sur de la Sierra Madre Oriental de México, establecidas en rizotrones que contenían dos tipos de suelo. Las condiciones del suelo afectaron de manera significativa (P < 0.05) el crecimiento y la asignación de recursos a la raíz. Las plantas de la región sur acumularon más biomasa total que las del norte, pero no hubo diferencias (P = 0.05) entre poblaciones en el patrón de asignación de biomasa. La especie mostró amplia plasticidad fenotípica en el crecimiento de raíz en respuesta a las condiciones edáficas, lo cual puede ser un mecanismo evolutivo para aprovechar las esporádicas condiciones ambientales favorables en su hábitat natural.
VARIACIÓN FENOTÍPICA ENTRE Y DENTRO DE POBLACIONES SILVESTRES DE CHILE DEL NOROESTE DE MÉXICO
Authors: Hernández-Verdugo Sergio , López-España Ricardo G. , Sánchez-Peña Pedro , Villarreal-Romero Manuel , Parra-Terraza Saúl , Porras Flor , Corrales-Madrid José L.
Published: January 2021

Se estimó la distribución jerárquica de la variación fenotípica entre poblaciones, entre y dentro de familias, y la proporción de esta variación que tiene una base genética en cuatro poblaciones de chile silvestre (Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum) del noroeste de México. Los caracteres medidos fueron: altura de planta, diámetro de tallo, largo de hoja, ancho de hoja, número de frutos por planta, número de semillas por fruto, número de semillas por planta y peso de semilla. De la variación total, 61.8 % se distribuyó dentro de familias, 24.7 % entre familias y 13.5 % entre poblaciones. De la variación fenotípica, total 38.2 % tiene una base genética, de la cual 30.1 % se distribuyó entre y 69.9 % dentro (de familias) de poblaciones. La heredabilidad en sentido amplio varió entre características y entre poblaciones; en altura de planta, diámetro de tallo, largo de hoja, número de frutos por planta, número de semillas por planta y peso individual de semilla, la heredabilidad fue mínima. En ancho de hoja y número de semillas por fruto, los valores de heredabilidad variaron de 0.10 hasta 0.75. En tres poblaciones los valores de heredabilidad mínimos fueron cero o cercanos a cero en tres características diferentes en cada población, mientras que en la población restante variaron de 0.23 a 0.75. Las dos poblaciones adyacentes (Yecorato Mezquite y Yecorato Camino) separadas por sólo 500 m de distancia difirieron sustancialmente en la heredabilidad de cinco de las ocho características analizadas. Estos resultados sugieren que el potencial para el cambio evolutivo de una característica particular varía ampliamente entre las poblaciones estudiadas, aún en aquéllas separadas por pocos metros. La variación dentro de familias fue alta y se distribuyó uniformemente a través de las poblaciones en todas las características, excepto en diámetro de tallo. Esta alta variación puede ser causada por diferencias en la plasticidad de los individuos dentro de las familias.
PROBADORES DE MAÍZ PARA FACTORES DE INCOMPATIBILIDAD GAMETOFÍTICA
Authors: De la Cruz-Larios Lino , Sánchez-González J. Jesús , Ron-Parra José , Santacruz-Ruvalcaba Fernando , Rodríguez-Guzmán Eduardo , Ruíz-Corral José A. , Morales-Rivera Moisés M.
Published: January 2021

En este trabajo se analizó el comportamiento de líneas de maíz (Zea mays L.) con diferente origen y sus cruzas como probadores, en el estudio de dos sistemas de incompatibilidad en maíz: el factor gametofítico-1 (ga1) y Teosinte crossing barrier-1 (tcb1). Los trabajos se hicieron de 2003 a 2006 en Zapopan, Jalisco; en Las Garzas, Municipio de Guachinango, Jalisco; y en Tapachula, Nayarit, todos ubicados en México. Se usaron siete líneas subtropicales adaptadas, tres accesiones de maíz con composición alélica conocida, cinco híbridos comerciales de empresas privadas, y once líneas de EE. UU. Los genotipos se agruparon en tres experimentos para el estudio de los dos sistemas de incompatibilidad. Los datos de llenado de grano se analizaron con base en los procedimientos GLM y MIXED del Sistema de Análisis Estadístico (SAS). Se identificaron dos cruzas simples probadoras (NC354 x W22-P4830 y NC354 x W22-P5270) homocigotas para el factor gametofítico-1 (ga1) con el alelo Ga1-S, con capacidad de discriminación y estabilidad. Las accesiones de las razas Maíz Dulce, Dulcillo del Noroeste y Reventador con alelos Ga1-S permitieron identificar probadores para el factor gametofitico- 1. Ninguna de las cruzas simples entre líneas adaptadas y líneas templadas con el alelo Tcb1-S, fueron útiles como probadores para el Complejo de Incompatibilidad del Teocintle.
CARACTERIZACIÓN FÍSICA, QUÍMICA Y BIOLÓGICA DE SUSTRATOS DE POLVO DE COCO
Authors: Vargas-Tapia Patricia , Castellanos-Ramos Javier Z. , Sánchez-García Prometeo , Tijerina-Chávez Leonardo , López-Romero Rosa Ma. , Ojodeagua-Arredondo José L.
Published: January 2021

El polvo de coco (Cocos nucifera L.) es un material usado como sustrato, que destaca por su buena capacidad de retención de agua, alto contenido de agua fácilmente disponible, estabilidad como sustrato orgánico y bajo costo de adquisición en comparación con otros sustratos. Sin embargo, la salinidad y variabilidad son dos de los principales problemas de este sustrato, atribuidos al proceso de producción y a su origen. En el presente estudio se caracterizaron siete materiales (cinco mexicanos y dos de Sri Lanka) de empresas con diferente proceso de molienda. Se determinaron las características físicas, químicas y biológicas. Las propiedades físicas y químicas difirieron significativamente entre materiales. Las variaciones respectivas en índice de grosor fueron de 32 a 64 %; en densidad aparente y real, de 0.08 a 0.12 y 1.48 a 1.49 g cm-3; en capacidad de aireación, de 11 a 53 %; en capacidad de retención de agua, de 50 a 81 %; en el agua fácilmente disponible, de reserva y total disponible, de 18 a 35, 3 a 14 y de 21 a 40 %. El espacio poroso total fue mayor de 92 % en todos los materiales. En cuanto a características químicas el pH de los materiales fue ligeramente ácido (5.1 a 5.6), la conductividad eléctrica del extracto de saturación varió de 1.5 a 4.5 dS m-1, la concentración de N-NO3, Ca, Mg y micronutrimentos en extracto de saturación fue baja, el N-NH4 se encontró en un rango óptimo, mientras que las concentración de K, P, Na y Cl fueron marcadamente altas, con valores de 420 a 1261, 7 a 61, 60 a 226 y 244 a 1700 mg L-1, respectivamente. Los valores de capacidad de intercambio catiónico variaron de 39 a 53 cmolc kg-1, mientras que el índice de germinación fue de 30 a 114 %. Las características físicas y químicas fueron afectadas en mayor medida por las variaciones en el tamaño de partícula, que por el proceso molienda.
PRODUCCIÓN DE SEMILLA DE CRUZAS SIMPLES DE HÍBRIDOS DE MAÍZ EN TLAXCALA, MÉXICO
Authors: Virgen-Vargas Juan , Arellano-Vázquez José L. , Rojas-Martínez Israel , Ávila-Perches Miguel A. , Gutiérrez-Hernández Germán F.
Published: January 2021

El Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP) de México produce semilla para atender la demanda de los productores de semilla certificada de híbridos de maíz (Zea mays L.), y desarrolla tecnología para identificar la localidad y el manejo agronómico óptimos para producirla. En el año 2008 se evaluó el rendimiento y la calidad física de semilla de siete cruzas simples progenitoras femeninas de híbridos comerciales de maíz, en dos densidades de población (62 y 83 mil plantas ha-1), en dos localidades del Estado de Tlaxcala (Espíritu Santo, 2480 msnm; Francisco Villa, 2540 msnm). En cada localidad se utilizó el diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. El análisis combinado se hizo con arreglo factorial de las siete cruzas simples y las dos densidades de población. Hubo diferencias significativas (P ≤ 0.05) entre localidades, cruzas simples y en la interacción localidad x densidad de población para rendimiento y tamaño de semilla, y entre densidades de población para tamaño de semilla. El rendi-miento de semilla de las cruzas simples de los híbridos ‘H-64’, ‘H-66’ y ‘H-68’ (7.0, 6.4 y 6.2 t ha-1) superó (P ≤ 0.01) al de la cruza simple del ‘H-50´ (4.4 t ha-1). No hubo diferencias (P ≤ 0.05) entre densidades para rendimiento, aunque a 83 mil plantas ha-1 la semilla fue de menor tamaño y peso que a la densidad de 62 mil plantas ha-1. El alto rendimiento y buena calidad física de la semilla de las cruzas simples de los híbridos ‘H-68’, ‘H-64’ y ‘H-66’ indican que es factible producir su semilla en estas dos localidades del Edo. de Tlaxcala.
RESISTENCIA A Phytophthora capsici LEO. DE CHILES NATIVOS DEL SUR DE PUEBLA, MÉXICO
Authors: Morán-Bañuelos Sara H. , Aguilar-Rincón Víctor H. , Corona-Torres Tarsicio , Zavaleta-Mejía Emma
Published: January 2021

Las pérdidas en la producción de chile (Capsicum spp.) ocasionadas por infección con Phytophthora capsici LEO. han llegado a ser considerables, por lo que se ha planteado enfrentar el problema fitosanitario mediante la búsqueda de resistencia genética en las poblaciones de chile nativo. Se evaluó bajo condiciones de invernadero la resistencia a P. capsici de 29 poblaciones de chile colectadas en el sur del Estado de Puebla. Se registraron las variables: aparición de síntomas, incidencia y acumulación de necrosis en la base del tallo, y aspecto general de la planta; además, se obtuvo el área bajo la curva del progreso de la enfermedad tanto en incidencia como en severidad. Los análisis de varianza y comparación de medias mostraron diferencias significativas entre poblaciones, lo cual indica que algunos materiales presentan mecanismos de defensa particulares que podrían ser explorados y aprovechados en programas de mejoramiento.
VARIACIÓN DE LA DENSIDAD DE LA MADERA EN POBLACIONES NATURALES DE Pinus oocarpa SCHIEDE EX SCHLTDL. DEL ESTADO DE CHIAPAS, MÉXICO
Authors: Gutiérrez-Vázquez Benito N. , Gómez-Cárdenas Martín , Valencia-Manzo Salvador , Cornejo-Oviedo Eladio H. , Prieto-Ruiz José A. , Gutiérrez-Vázquez Mario H.
Published: January 2021

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la variación de la densidad de la madera (peso seco/volumen verde) de tres poblaciones de Pinus oocarpa Schiede ex Schltdl. del Estado de Chiapas, México. Las muestras de madera de árboles de tres poblaciones (Las Margaritas, Motozintla y Cintalapa) se obtuvieron de la distribución natural de la especie, con tamaños de muestra de 5 a 17 árboles; de la muestra se extrajo un cilindro de madera a 1.30 m de altura. Los resultados mostraron diferencias (P ≤ 0.05) en la densidad de la madera, con un promedio de 0.56 g cm-3 que corresponde a madera pesada, y una desviación estándar de 0.078 g cm-3. La población de Cintalapa presentó mayor densidad de la madera (0.61 g cm-3) que las de Motozintla y Las Margaritas (0.47 y 0.53 g cm-3). La variabilidad encontrada indica la posibilidad de realizar selección por densidad de la madera, en programas de mejoramiento genético.
Pendayagunaan Potensi Ekonomi Desa Paterongan Kecamatan Galis melalui KKN Mahasiswa STAIDHI Tahun 2020
Authors: Mashudi Mashudi , Suparyanto Didik , Arisandi Bustomi
Published: January 2021

Pembangunan masyarakat adalah merupakan tanggung jawab bersama. Setiap individu, kelompok, institusi pemerintah maupun swasta dapat saling bersinergi untuk melaksanakan tanggung jawab pembangunan tersebut. Oleh karena itu, pembangunan masyarakat harus dilakukan secara berkelanjutan dengan perencanaan program yang terstruktur dan melibatkan banyak pihak sesuai dengan wewenang dan kompetensinya. Guna mewujudkan tangggung jawab pembangunan dan semangat ingin mengabdi kepada masyarakat, Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Darul Hikmah (STAIDHI) melaksanakan program pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang dikemas dalam Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) bersinergi dengan pemerintahan desa Paterongan kecamatan Galis kabupaten Bangkalan. Kegiatan KKN STAIDHI Tahun 2020 ini mengusung tema “pendayagunaan potensi ekonomi desa Paterongan kecamatan Galis menuju kemandirian ekonomi”. Pendayagunaan potensi desa Paterongan Kecamatan Galis ini dituangkan dalam 5 program, yaitu; mengadakan pelatihan pembuatan kripik pepaya dan kripik daun bayam, gerakan pemanfaatan pupuk kandang difermentasi untuk kesuburan lahan, pembelajaran pertanian porang untuk pemanfaatan lahan nganggur, mengembangkan jejaring pemasaran melalui ide dan implementasi manajemen bauran pemasaran, merumuskan pengurusan hak paten dari produk-produk yang telah dihasilkan.Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi yang telah dilakukan, masyarakat warga desa Paterongan kecamatan Galis kabupaten Bangkalan merasakan sangat bermanfaat dengan adanya program pengabdian ini.
Class Size and Learning: Has India Spent Too Much on Reducing Class Size?
Authors: Datta Sandip , Kingdon Geeta
Published: January 2021

This paper examines the efficacy of class-size reductions as a strategy to improve pupils’ learning outcomes in India. It uses a credible identification strategy to address the endogeneity of class-size, by relating the difference in a student’s achievement score across subjects to the difference in his/her class size across subjects. Pupil fixed effects estimation shows a relationship between class size and student achievement which is roughly flat or non-decreasing for a large range of class sizes from 27 to 51, with a negative effect on learning outcomes occurring only after class size increases beyond 51 pupils. The class-size effect varies by gender and by subject-stream. The fact that up to a class-size of roughly 40 in science subjects and roughly 50 in non-science subjects, there is no reduction in pupil learning as class size increases, implies that there is no learning gain from reducing class size below 40 in science and below 50 in non-science. This has important policy implications for pupil teacher ratios (PTRs) and thus for teacher appointments in India, based on considerations of cost-effectiveness. When generalised, our findings suggest that India experienced a value-subtraction from spending on reducing class-sizes, and that the US$3.6 billion it spent in 2017-18 on the salaries of 0.4 million new teachers appointed between 2010 and 2017 was wasteful spending rather than an investment in improving learning. We show that India could save US$ 19.4 billion (Rupees 1,45,000 crore in Indian currency) per annum by increasing PTR from its current 22.8 to 40, without any reduction in pupil learning.
Promoting Parental Involvement in Schools: Evidence from Two Randomized Experiments
Authors: Barrera-Osorio Felipe , Gertler Paul , Nakajima Nozomi , Patrinos Harry A.
Published: January 2021

Parental involvement programs aim to strengthen school-home relations with the goal of improving children’s educational outcomes. We examine the effects of a parental involvement program in Mexico, which provides parent associations with grants and information. We separately estimate the effect of the grants from the effect of the information using data from two randomized controlled trials conducted by the government during the rollout of the program. Grants to parent associations did not improve educational outcomes. Information to parent associations reduced disciplinary actions in schools, mainly by increasing parental involvement in schools and changing parenting behavior at home. The divergent results from grants and information are partly explained by significant changes in perceptions of trust between parents and teachers. Our results suggest that parental involvement interventions may not achieve their intended goal if institutional rules are unclear about the expectations of parents and teachers as parents increase their involvement in schools.
HUBUNGAN STATUS SOSIAL DAN PERISTIWA TUTUR ANTARA APARAT DESA DAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Djafar Safitri
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this research is to describe the social status, speech events, and relation between the social status and the speech events between village officers and the society in Kantor Desa Lonuo, KecamatanTilongkabila, KabupatenBone Bolango, viewed from the economic, educational, and employment levels. The method used is the qualitative method and the type of research is descriptive research. The data in this study were the utterances spoken by village officers and the society in DesaLonuo. The data sources were obtained from the village officers and the society in Lonuo. The results showed : (1) the social status of the society in Lonuo was seen from the economic level, it was below the average and the public education only reached the level of primary school (2) speech events occur between the sub-district officers, the village officers, and the society in a meeting activities, or in meeting coordination of farmer groups, and between the society and kepala dusun II in the making of a poverty statement, and (3) the relation between social status and speech events is very close, and this speech event shows differences in the use of language that had been seen from social status at the level of education of each speaker.
KETIDAKSADARAN KOLEKTIF TOKOH DALAM NOVEL ANAK RANTAU KARYA AHMAD FUADI: KAJIAN PSIOKOLOGI ANALITIS CARLGUSTAV JUNG
Authors: Ahmad Riskal
Published: January 2021

Literary works are closely related to everyday human life and are the thoughts or expressions of the author. Literary works as the author's expression represent experiences, thoughts, feelings, and ideas expressed by using language as the medium. This study aims to analyze the collective unconsciousness of the characters in Ahmad Fuadi's novel Anak Rantau through the psychoanalytic approach of Carl Gustav Jung. This research is a type of library research. The research data is in the form of a novel entitled Anak Rantau by Ahmad Fuadi. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method. From the results of the study, it was found: (1) the personal role of Datuk Marajo, which displays a different character to cover the character that belongs to him, (2) the role of the archetype of anima in Martiaz, namely the feminine side of a man, (3) ) the role of shadow (shadow) in the character Jenggo to cover his mistakes, and (4) the role of self-archetype (self) in Datuk Marajo to get calm.
KATA-KATA VULGAR DALAM MEME CALON PRESIDEN FIKTIF NURHADI ALDO
Authors: Iriana Afif Julianto , Sariah Sariah Sariah
Published: January 2021

Freedom of speech is the right of everyone. Does this study aim to reveal such as (1) what vulgar words are used in Nurhadi-Aldo's memes ?; (2) how many vulgar words were used ?; (3) where do the vulgar words come from; and (4) what kind of word class of vulgar words are used? The approach used in this research is descriptive. The research begins by collecting data from data sources that are indicated to contain vulgar elements in it. After the data is determined, the researcher analyzes it with a semantic approach to determine the meaning and then how often the word is used, the origin of the word, the intent to be conveyed, and its relation to culture. This study shows this clearly by finding 28 vulgar words that are used 55 times in 37 memes. The vulgar things in this Nurhadi-Aldo meme are dominated by sexual matters and are not limited to Indonesian.