bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHIANTI—An Atomic Database for Emission Lines—Paper. XVIII. Version 11, Advanced Ionization Equilibrium Models: Density and Charge Transfer Effects
Authors: Dufresne R. P. , Del Zanna G. , Young P. R. , Dere K. P. , Deliporanidou E. , Barnes W. T. , Landi E.
Published: October 2024

Version 11 of the chianti database and software package is presented. Advanced ionization equilibrium models have been added for low charge states of seven elements (C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Si, and S), and represent a significant improvement especially when modeling the solar transition region. The models include the effects of higher electron density and charge transfer on ionization and recombination rates. As an illustration of the difference these models make, a synthetic spectrum is calculated for an electron pressure of 7 × 1015 cm−3 K and compared with an active region observation from HRTS. Increases are seen in factors of 2–5 in the predicted radiances of the strongest lines in the UV from Si iv, C iv, and N v, compared to the previous modeling using the coronal approximation. Much better agreement (within 20%) with the observations is found for the majority of the lines. The new atomic models better equip both those who are studying the transition region and those who are interpreting the emission from higher-density astrophysical and laboratory plasma. In addition to the advanced models, several ion data sets have been added or updated, and data for the radiative recombination energy loss rate have been updated.
The Dark Energy Camera Magellanic Clouds Emission-line Survey
Authors: Points Sean D. , Long Knox S. , Blair William P. , Williams Rosa , Chu 朱 You-Hua 有花 , Winkler P. Frank , White Richard L. , Rest Armin , Li 李 Chuan-Jui 傳睿 , Valdes Francisco
Published: October 2024

We have used the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) on the CTIO Blanco 4 m telescope to perform a new emission-line survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) using narrowband Hα and [S ii] filters in addition to a continuum band to create pure emission-line images. We refer to this new survey as DeMCELS, to distinguish it from the earlier Magellanic Cloud Emission-line Survey (MCELS). DeMCELS covers ∼54 deg2, encompassing most of the bright optical disk of the LMC. With DECam's pixel size of only 0.″27, our DeMCELS survey provides a seeing-limited improvement of 3–5 times over MCELS and is comparable in depth, with surface brightness limits of

3.3
×

10

−
17

erg

cm

−
2

s

−
1

arcsec

−
2

and

2.9
×

10

−
17

erg

cm

−
2

s

−
1

arcsec

−
2

in Hα and [S ii], respectively. DeMCELS provides detailed morphological information on nebulae of all scales, from the largest supershells to individual H ii regions and supernova remnants, to bubbles of emission surrounding individual stars, and even to faint structures in the diffuse ionized gas of the LMC. Many complex regions of emission show significant variations in the ratio of [S ii] to Hα—a sign of a mixture of shocks from stellar winds and/or supernovae with photoionization by embedded hot, young stars. We present the details of the observing strategy and data processing for this survey, and show selected results in comparison with previous data. A companion project for the Small Magellanic Cloud is in progress and will be reported separately. We are making these new data available to the community at large via NOIRLab’s Data Lab site.
Spectropolarimetry of Fraunhofer Lines in Local Upper Solar Atmosphere
Authors: Qu Z. Q. , Chang L. , Dun G. T. , Cheng X. M. , Fang C. , Xu Z. , Yuan D. , Deng L. H. , Zhang X. Y.
Published: October 2024

Spectropolarimetric results of Fraunhofer lines between 516.3 and 532.6 nm are presented in local upper solar chromosphere and inner corona below a height of about 0.04 solar radius above the solar limb. The data were acquired on 2013 November 3 during a total solar eclipse in Gabon by the prototype Fiber Arrayed Solar Optical Telescope. It is found that the linear polarizations of the Fraunhofer lines in these layers depend strongly on specific spectral lines and positions. A Fraunhofer line at Mg i
b
1518.4 nm can have a polarization amplitude up to 0.36% with respect to the continuum polarization level, while polarizations of lines like Fe i/Cr i524.7 nm are often merged in the noise level of 6.0 × 10−4. The polarizations of the Fraunhofer lines, like the emission ones and the continuum, increase with height as a whole trend, and their amplitudes can be close to those of emission ones yielded in close positions, and generally larger than those of the continuum. Rotations of the polarization directions of the Fraunhofer lines are often accompanied by variations in their polarization amplitudes and profile shapes. It is also judged from these polarimetric properties, along with other evidence, that neutral metal atoms exist in these atmospheric layers.
Multiple Emission Regions in Jets of the Low-Luminosity Active Galactic Nucleus in NGC 4278
Authors: Dutta Samik , Gupta Nayantara
Published: October 2024

The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) has detected very-high-energy gamma rays from the low-ionization nuclear emission-line region galaxy NGC 4278, which has a low-luminosity active galactic nucleus (LLAGN) and symmetric, mildly relativistic S-shaped twin jets detected by radio observations. Few LLAGNs have been detected in gamma rays due to their faintness. Earlier, several radio-emitting components were detected in the jets of NGC 4278. We model their radio emission with synchrotron emission of ultra-relativistic electrons to estimate the strength of the magnetic field inside these components within a time-dependent framework after including the ages of the different components. We show that the synchrotron and synchrotron self-Compton emission by these components cannot explain the Swift X-ray data and the LHAASO gamma-ray data from NGC 4278. We suggest that a separate component in one of the jets is responsible for the high-energy emission, whose age, size, magnetic field, and the spectrum of the ultra-relativistic electrons inside it have been estimated after fitting the multiwavelength data of NGC 4278 with the sum of the spectral energy distributions from the radio components and the high-energy component. We note that the radio components of NGC 4278 are larger than the high-energy component, which has also been observed in several high-luminosity active galactic nuclei.
3He and Fe Spectral Properties in 3He-rich Solar Energetic Particle Events
Authors: Mason G. M. , Kouloumvakos A. , Ho G. C. , Allen R. C. , Gómez-Herrero R. , Wimmer-Schweingruber R. F. , Rodríguez-Pacheco J.
Published: October 2024

We have surveyed 3He-rich events on the Solar Orbiter mission from 2020 April to 2024 April, selecting isolated injections whose rollover 3He spectral shape is presumed to represent the initial acceleration state, unprocessed by subsequent activity such as coronal mass ejections or jets. A main goal has been to find relationships between the spectra of 3He and heavy ions C–Fe, in order to explore a common acceleration mechanism in spite of the fact that these events show 3He enrichments of up to ∼104, while the heavy-ion enrichment is rarely larger than ∼10. Selecting 34 3He injections, we find that heavy ions are always present, and arrive at the same time as the 3He signaling a common origin. Concentrating on Fe since it is a minor ion but with higher abundance than many others, we find its spectral shape and intensity is similar to 3He. In ∼two-thirds of the cases, if the 3He spectrum is shifted to lower energy by a factor 3.0 ± 1.3, it nearly coincides with the Fe spectrum, illustrating their close connection. Several plasma wave turbulence models have calculated spectra that also show the ion rollovers around 1 MeV nucleon−1. The unique mass-to-charge ratio of 3He allows it to interact more efficiently with the turbulence, thereby gaining several times more energy per nucleon than the other heavy ions. In the spectral rollover region this can lead to the observed enormous enhancements of 3He. The acceleration appears to be associated with magnetic reconnection in emerging flux regions on the Sun.
The A2Π–X2Σ+ Band System of YO
Authors: Bernath Peter F , Bhusal Manish , Pastorek Adam
Published: October 2024

YO bands are conspicuous in the spectra of S stars. The laboratory spectrum of the A2Π–X2Σ+ electronic transition has been recorded with a Fourier transform spectrometer using a composite-wall hollow cathode lamp source. The A2Π–X2Σ+ transition with

v

′

≤
4

and v″ ≤ 4 has been rotationally analyzed using the modern spectral fitting program PGOPHER. Vibronic band strengths were calculated using an ab initio transition dipole moment function. A line list for the A2Π–X2Σ+ transition is provided and can be utilized in the modeling of S stars.
Temporal Evolution of Electron Accelerations behind the Dipolarization Front in the Earth's Magnetotail
Authors: Deng Xiangxi , Yuan Zhigang , Huang Shiyong , Jiang Kui
Published: October 2024

We report the temporal evolution of electron pitch angle distributions behind the dipolarization front (DF) in the Earth's magnetotail with observations of the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) spacecraft. Taking advantage of multipoint observations from the THEMIS mission lined up in space, we study pitch angle distributions of energetic electrons behind the DF during two typical events. Pancake, rolling-pin, and cigar distributions are observed sequentially during the acceleration process. Based on Liouville's theorem, it is revealed that pancake distribution is dominantly formed by betatron acceleration in the early stage, and rolling-pin distribution is generated by both dominant Fermi and weak betatron acceleration in the transition stage, while cigar distribution is formed by Fermi acceleration finally. Our results provide comprehensive in situ observational evidence of the temporal evolution of electron acceleration behind the DF during propagation.
A Luminous X-Ray Active Galactic Nucleus in the Dwarf–Dwarf Galaxy Merger RGG 66
Authors: Kimbrell Seth J. , Reines Amy E.
Published: October 2024

We present the discovery of a luminous X-ray active galactic nucleus (AGN) in the dwarf galaxy merger RGG 66. The black hole is predicted to have a mass of M
BH ∼ 105.4
M
⊙ and to be radiating close to its Eddington limit (L
bol/L
Edd ∼ 0.75). The AGN in RGG 66 is notable both for its presence in a late-stage dwarf–dwarf merger and for its luminosity of L
2–10 keV = 1042.2 erg s−1, which is among the most powerful AGNs known in nearby dwarf galaxies. The X-ray spectrum has a best-fit photon index of Γ = 2.4 and an intrinsic absorption of N

H
∼ 1021 cm−2. These results come from a follow-up Chandra X-ray Observatory study of four irregular/disturbed dwarf galaxies with evidence for hosting AGNs based on optical spectroscopy. The remaining three dwarf galaxies do not have detectable X-ray sources with upper limits of L
2–10 keV ≲ 1040 erg s−1. Taken at face value, our results on RGG 66 suggest that mergers may trigger the most luminous of AGNs in the dwarf galaxy regime, just as they are suspected to do in more massive galaxy mergers.
The Feasibility of Asynchronous Rotation via Thermal Tides for Diverse Atmospheric Compositions
Authors: Salazar Andrea M. , Wordsworth Robin
Published: October 2024

The equilibrium rotation rate of a planet is determined by the sum of torques acting on its solid body. For planets with atmospheres, the dominant torques are usually the gravitational tide, which acts to slow the planet’s rotation rate, and the atmospheric thermal tide, which acts to spin up the planet. Previous work demonstrated that rocky planets with thick atmospheres may produce strong enough thermal tides to avoid tidal locking, but a study of how the strength of the thermal tide depends on atmospheric properties has not been done. In this work, we use a combination of simulations from a global climate model and analytic theory to explore how the thermal tide depends on the shortwave and longwave optical depth of the atmosphere, the surface pressure, and the absorbed stellar radiation. We find that for planets in the habitable zones of M stars only high-pressure but low-opacity atmospheres permit asynchronous rotation owing to the weakening of the thermal tide at high longwave and shortwave optical depths. We conclude that asynchronous rotation may be very unlikely around low-mass stars, which may limit the potential habitability of planets around M stars.
First record of two Leptomedusae species (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) in Colombia, with annotations on their distribution and ecology
Authors: Llorente-Vega Jorge , Cedeño-Posso Cristina , Quirós-Rodríguez Jorge
Published: October 2024

Hydromedusae are a group of planktonic cnidarians that represent the medusoid phase in the life cycle of most members of the class Hydrozoa., whose primary function is to produce and release gametes. These organisms are generally small and translucent, with slight pigmentation, except for those that inhabit great depths and exhibit the typical body shape of a jellyfish. In Colombia, studies on this group are limited due to the scarcity of updated taxonomic information and the small number of expert scientists. The most recent inventory records 71 species in the waters of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.

In this study, we report for the first time the presence of Eucheilota duodecimalis and Eutonina scintillans in Colombia, based on 28 zooplankton samples collected from seven stations between February and May 2024, using horizontal tows with a simple conical zooplankton net. Our research emphasizes the significance of scientific exploration in new geographic regions and provides valuable data on the distribution and ecology of these species, contributing to a deeper understanding of their population dynamics.
Integrated taxonomy reveals a new praying mantis species of Phyllothelys Wood-Mason, 1876 (Mantodea, Hymenopodidae) from Yunnan, China
Authors: Liu Qinpeng , Wu Chao , Ye Bowen , Liu Xingyue
Published: October 2024

The genus Phyllothelys Wood-Mason, 1876 (Mantodea, Hymenopodidae) includes 22 species, with China being a major diversity hotspot, hosting 15 species in four groups.

A new species of this genus from Malipo, Yunnan, China, is described herein, namely Phyllothelys qingjinum sp. nov. A comprehensive taxonomic description, including geometric morphometric analysis, genetic distance and molecular phylogenetic analysis, were employed to illustrate its distinctiveness. This discovery fills a significant distribution gap for the P. werneri species group in southern Yunnan and emphasises the need for further exploration in this region.
Building and Sustaining Authoritative Resources for the Community: Who Is Responsible?
Authors: Mayfield-Meyer Teresa
Published: October 2024

Natural history collections are inherently interdisciplinary, and thus rely on expertise from diverse domains such as taxonomy, geography, and geologic stratigraphy. In an effort to benefit from such expertise, collection management systems may attempt to rely on broader community resources such as Global Names Architecture, Global Administrative Areas (GADM), and the International Chronostratigraphic Chart, which offer access to authoritative information. These resources may not be purpose-built for the collections community and so require manipulation or even “digitization” before they can be used. The International Chronostratigraphic Chart is a lovely visual, but it must be translated to a table to be useful for integration with natural history data. These resources also often have a fragile existence, perhaps entirely dependent upon a single institution or person. Issues identified in GADM by the user community are not resolved quickly because the single developer does not have time dedicated to enhancing the data. It may be difficult to determine if a resource is well funded and sustainably maintained—few of them openly advertise their paid contributors or funding mechanisms. Some of these resources may not even be aware of the natural history collections community’s needs and might be able to supply more useable versions if they were. These are all risks that restrict collections management systems and other technical infrastructure from effectively and predictably being able to use such open-source resources. Critically, we can’t tell when a resource qualifies as “in use by the broader community” and therefore “necessary.” What happens, then, when such a resource is orphaned, gets an update, or completely disappears? The natural history collections community would benefit from acknowledging and supporting these types of resources. If we want to have useful tools for the whole community, we need to figure out how to sustain them. This means paying people with appropriate skills and ensuring that the necessary infrastructure is (and remains) available. This presentation will look at several external authorities used by the collaborative collection management solution Arctos and start a discussion about how sharing the maintenance burden of such resources might make them more sustainable and responsive to the needs of the collection community.
Two new genera and three new species of exceptionally rare and endemic freshwater mussels (Bivalvia, Unionidae) from the Mekong Basin
Authors: Jeratthitikul Ekgachai , Sutcharit Chirasak , Prasankok Pongpun
Published: October 2024

Two new genera and three new species of freshwater mussels in the tribe Pseudodontini (Bivalvia, Unionidae) are described from the Mekong Basin in Thailand based on an integrative taxonomic study involving morphology and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses (mitochondrial COI and 16S, and nuclear 28S genes). The monotypic genus, Lannanaia kokensisgen. et sp. nov., presents unique features of being rather compressed, sub-trigonal in outline with short and high shell, and with a distinct posterior wing. Another new genus, Isannaiagen. nov., is characterized by having a thin and moderately inflated shell, with rhomboidal to ovate outline. It includes two lineages that are genetically separated by 3.54% uncorrected COI p-distance, and are herein described as I. fortunatasp. nov. and I. occultatasp. nov. Phylogenetic analyses further revealed that these two new genera were nested within a clade of subtribe Pseudodontina, and with pairwise uncorrected COI p-distance to other genera ranging from 11.42 to 15.66%. Based on the present data, Lannanaiagen. nov. is known only from the Kok River in the north of Thailand, whereas the two species of Isannaiagen. nov. are restricted to tributaries of the Mekong River in the northeast of Thailand. The discovery of rare and probably endemic freshwater mussels in the Mekong Basin thus again highlights the importance of this region among freshwater biodiversity hotspots of the world.
Environmental disclosure practices dimensions and total value-added growth of the Nigerian listed manufacturing companies
Authors: Soetan Timothy , Adeoye Solomon Olusegun , Makinde Olubisi Grace , Akintola Abolade Francis
Published: October 2024

Purpose: This research explored the interaction of environmental disclosure practices dimensions (environmental financial information, environmental non-financial information, and environmental performance information) on total value-added growth of the Nigerian listed manufacturing companies.Design/methodology/approach: Using a secondary data set culled from 39 Nigerian manufacturing businesses traded on the Stock Exchange between 2010-2019, this investigation utilised an ex post facto research strategy. The multiple regression statistical approach was utilised to analyse the data.Findings: The findings indicated that environmental disclosure practices dimensions (environmental, financial information, environmental non-financial information, and environmental performance information) significantly and positively affect the total value-added growth of Nigerian listed manufacturing companies.Research limitation/implication: This study focused on Nigerian-listed manufacturing companies. Future studies could include non-listed manufacturing companies. Also, other industries could be considered in future studies.Originality/value: As far as the authors are aware, this is the first research to establish a connection between the environmental disclosure procedures of traded manufacturing businesses in Nigeria and the overall value-added increase. In addition, the findings showed the interaction between environmental disclosure practices factors on total value-added growth in listed manufacturing businesses in Nigeria are novel and significant.
La producción de manzana y sidra en Asturias según el Catastro de Ensenada
Authors: Buergo Fernández Ana
Published: October 2024

En Asturias, uno de los principales enclaves sidreros de Europa, esta bebida está considerada un símbolo de la identidad regional. Este artículo muestra los resultados del trabajo de investigación realizado con el objetivo de conocer la distribución territorial de la producción de manzana y de sidra en Asturias a mediados del siglo XVIIII, a partir del análisis de las respuestas al interrogatorio general del Catastro de Ensenada.
Con los datos obtenidos se ha estimado la superficie dedicada al cultivo del manzano, el volumen de sidra producido y el número de lagares existentes en aquella época. Asimismo, se ha realizado un conjunto de mapas que muestran la distribución territorial de dichas variables en la región.
De famas y esperanzas cortazarianos. Abordaje del avance de fronteras y la filantropía en el Parque Nacional Perito Moreno, Argentina (1937-2020),
Authors: Ponzi Brenda
Published: October 2024

El Parque Nacional Perito Moreno es un área protegida ubicada en el límite occidental de la provincia de Santa Cruz (Argentina) y gestionada por la Administración de Parques Nacionales. El área se creó en 1937 y en los últimos años se transformó con la llegada de fundaciones filantrópicas. El objetivo del artículo es analizar la manera en que se fue produciendo espacialmente este parque atendiendo a su posición fronteriza, el avance de las fronteras, de la conservación y la influencia internacional. El marco teórico partió de la ecología política y la geografía crítica, utilizando los conceptos de producción de naturaleza y avance de fronteras de mercantilización. A nivel metodológico, se utilizaron técnicas cualitativas de relevamiento e interpretación desde un estudio de caso intrínseco. De esta manera, se analizó el contenido de diferentes normativas, se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad y se participó del programa de voluntariado del parque. Como resultado se pudo indicar que la transformación de los conceptos de frontera y de conservación han repercutido en la presencia de diferentes agentes dentro del parque. En sus inicios, el área se fue constituyendo a partir del avance del control territorial estatal y de una idea de frontera vinculada a la defensa; y, desde 2016, se fue capitalizando por fundaciones que asociaron estrechamente la conservación, el turismo y el desarrollo. El parque se convirtió de un área no mercantilizada para el control estatal o de las esperanzas, a un espacio preparado para la acumulación capitalista con presencia de fundaciones internacionales o famas.
Artificial Intelligence for Employee Selection, Recruitment, and Training in Business Organisations
Authors: Mupaikwa Elisha , Yadav Preksha
Published: October 2024

Artificial intelligence has a potential role to play in supporting the human resources functions of selection, recruitment, training and development. This chapter, therefore, discusses the application of artificial intelligence in supporting these critical functions of the human resources function. The chapter is a review of 85 journal articles from refereed journals. The selected journal articles were drawn from 197 articles downloaded. The key findings of the review showed that the usage of artificial intelligence technologies reduced the costs of selection, recruitment, training and development of employees. The major artificial intelligence technologies that dominated usage in these human resources functions were machine learning and chatbots. The major challenges that hindered their usage were fears about algorithm bias, privacy and security concerns and lack of knowledge and infrastructure. The study recommended advanced research in the development of AI-driven innovative solutions for supporting the selection, recruitment, training and development of employees.
Artificial Intelligence and Employee Well-Being
Authors: Singh Bhupinder , Kaunert Christian , Ravesangar Kamalesh
Published: October 2024

AI for employee well-being with AI disrupting psychological and physical healthcare within organizations, the area of employee wellness is no different. Using AI tools, organizations can build healthier workspaces to increase productivity and improve the satisfaction of employees. The AI-driven tools can monitor and analyze your employee sentiments, rare patterns or healthy stress factors such as natural language processing (NLP), sentiment analysis over the communications. The main driver is of the right balance between work and life, AI has a very large role today. Intelligent scheduling systems can create work plans taking into account workers' preferences, which minimizes stress and improves job satisfaction. Being there whenever necessary, aiding in preventive health measures and striking a good work-life balance results facilitated by AI can boost the morale at workplace for employees to stay motivated, thereby creating more productive drive.
AI Implication and Data-Driven Decision Making for Organizational Performance
Authors: Dhana bagiyam S. , Irfan Mohammad , Agriyanto Ratno
Published: October 2024

HR analytics, also known as people analytics, involves using data-driven decision-making in HR management to improve various aspects of business and people outcomes. It gained prominence around 2019 and offers substantial benefits to organizations. However, its adoption is not widespread, and it's still in its early stages. Data-driven HRM involves collecting and analysing data from various sources to inform HR decisions across functions like talent acquisition, performance evaluation, employee engagement, training, compensation, diversity and inclusion, compliance, and strategic planning. Implementing HR analytics requires investments in technology, analytics capabilities, and employee training while ensuring data ethics and security compliance. In essence, this study seeks to examine existing challenges and barriers related to HR analytics, with a core aim of providing recommendations to enhance its effectiveness and streamline its integration. Additionally, it intends to evaluate how well HR analytics is currently functioning within organizations.
Preliminary Analysis of the Relationship Between Brand and Customer Loyalty
Authors: Borges Joana Ferreira , Oliveira Paula , Fonseca Manuel José , Sousa Bruno Barbosa
Published: October 2024

Nowadays we are experiencing an increasing technological development that is becoming essential to our daily lives, however, people who are wealthy for several generations do not give in easily to technological evolution and progress. A qualitative methodology was applied and, secondarily, the Delphi method was used in order to deeply explore the associated implications with individuals who seek out the luxury real estate market in Portugal. For the conclusions, cross-reference was performed on literature with the data from the conducted interviews to 7 specialists and 2 clients in the sector, applying Aaker's (1991) brand equity model to process the information gathered from the interviews. Therefore, one can highlight the most pertinent conclusions from the cross-referencing of the information: brand value is related to the relationship between luxury real estate brands and the client, brand awareness from clients/ investor and recognition, positive brand association, such as good memories, prestige, exclusivity.
Luxury Brands in a Dynamic Global Market
Authors: Ocak Altug
Published: October 2024

This chapter explores the dynamic transformations occurring in the luxury marketing landscape. Traditionally, luxury marketing has been associated with exclusivity, superior quality, and prestige. However, contemporary consumers, particularly millennials and Gen Z, are redefining luxury through the lens of experiences, digital engagement, sustainability, inclusivity, and a delicate balance between tradition and innovation. The research methodology involved qualitative interviews with key industry leaders. These interviews provided in-depth insights into how luxury brands are adapting to the current market environment. Findings reveal that digital transformation is central to luxury marketing strategies, enabling brands to enhance customer engagement through technologies such as AR, VR, and AI. Sustainability has become a critical component, with brands increasingly adopting ethical practices and transparent operations. Inclusivity and diversity are also emphasized, reflecting a broader cultural shift towards representation and empowerment.
Scabies clinically diagnosed with eosine 2% magnification dermoscopy
Authors: Cortonesi Giulio , Trovato Emanuele , Orsini Corinne , Cinotti Elisa , Capalbo Eugenio , Cioppa Vittoria
Published: October 2024

The diagnosis of scabies is mainly clinical, however the high variability in presentation could make it through. Besides dermoscopy, different non-invasive imaging techniques have been used to assist in scabies diagnosis: 400x magnification, Line-field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography (LC-OCT), Reflectance Confocal Microscopy (RCM) and High-Frequency Ultrasound (HFUS) could be useful for the diagnosis of various diseases such as benign tumors, malignant tumors and infectious diseases of all types (viral, bacterial, and parasitic).  On the other hand, all these techniques are strictly operator and device-dependent.
Re-Expansion Pulmonary Edema Following Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Prakasa Stephanus A. , Alatas Anas
Published: October 2024

Re-expansion pulmonary edema (RPE) is a rare complication of minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS). We present a case of RPE following atrial septal defect (ASD) closure using a thoracotomy approach and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). REP contributes to significant morbidity and extends the length of stays in the intensive care unit. Understanding the pathophysiology and risk factors of RPE allows us to prevent or minimize the incidence.
Plexiform schwannoma of penis
Authors: Verma Smita , Mondal Soumya , Pal Dilip Kumar
Published: October 2024

Schwannoma is a very rare tumor and mostly benign in nature. it may be associated with neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2). This variant involves the head and neck most commonly, and rarely involves the penis. The patient was 32 years old and presented to us with a 2 cm × 2 cm lesion at the right lateral aspect of the penis just proximal to the glans from the past 2 years. He was evaluated with ultrasound and MRI and mistaken for hemangioma. In view of hemangioma, one session of intalesional 3% sodium tetradecylsulphate was infiltrated. There was no decrease in size on follow-up. Excision of the lesion was planned, and histopathology and immunohistochemistry were suggestive of plexiform schwannoma. The postoperative period was uneventful with normal voiding and erection on follow-up. Plexiform schwannoma is rare in the genital region. This is highly vascular so can be mistaken for hemangioma. Excision is the method of treatment and along with histopathological evaluation is the main stay of diagnosis. The patient should be followed for recurrence.
Herpes zoster in COPD cases: Does the use of high-dose inhaled corticosteroids associated asymptomatic hyperglycemia during treatment or COPD-related comorbidity predispose reactivation?
Authors: Patil Shital , Malhotra Priyanka , Gondhali Gajanan
Published: October 2024

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is more prevalent in India, especially nonsmoker COPD due to heterogeneous exposure to risk factors as compared to smokers COPD described in the western population. Although COPD starts and primarily involves the lungs, it is considered systemic disease due to shared pathophysiological pathways for many systemic illnesses. Systemic inflammatory burden and dysregulated inflammatory response are predominant mechanisms in COPD, especially in uncontrolled type or cases received inadequate or halfheartedly treatment will have cardiovascular, endocrinal, hematological, and neurovascular complications. COPD itself or treatment options used in COPD will predispose to recurrent viral infections. Inhaled and systemic steroids are commonly used for treatment of steroids which will cause immunosuppression resulting in an increased risk of viral and bacterial infections. In this case series, we have reported COPD patients with Herpes zoster infection. Our first case was received high-dose inhaled corticosteroids fluticasone propionate 500 µg two times without oral steroids in the recent past. She was having hyperglycemia with raised glycated hemoglobin, glycohemoglobin, hemoglobin A1C or A1c (HBA1C) levels. Hyperglycemia secondary to the use of high-dose fluticasone propionate would be the cause of herpes zoster in this patient. In the second case, the patient was getting adequate and rational inhaled medicines such as salmeterol plus fluticasone propionate 250 µg two times with tiotropium. His COPD illness has been stable over many years due to routine flu vaccinations. He has developed cardiovascular complications of COPD such as pulmonary hypertension and cardiac dysfunction. He never received oral steroids in the recent past. Ongoing systemic effects of COPD due to inflammatory surge may be the reason for Herpes zoster in this patient. This patient also responded to oral and topical acyclovir. We recommend Herpes zoster vaccination in all COPD patients irrespective of disease severity and symptom status for prevention of reactivation of herpes zoster.
Spindle cell melanoma of penis with review of literature
Authors: Khamar Suhan Umeshkumar , Gupta Naveen Kumar
Published: October 2024

Penis is a rare site for melanoma and melanoma is a rare primary malignancy of penis. We here report a 58-year-old gentleman presented with growth over glans and penis diagnosed as pT4b spindle cell melanoma. A brief discussion is done on review of available literature.
Sarcomatoid adenocarcinoma of the prostate: A rare pathological entity
Authors: Maity Souvik , Basu Keya , Rajiv Ranjan Kumar
Published: October 2024

Sarcomatoid adenocarcinoma of the prostate is a very rare variant of malignancy of the prostate gland. We report a case of a 55-year-old man who presented to us with voiding difficulties with prostate specific antigen (PSA) values in the normal range. He underwent transurethral resection of the prostate because of bladder outlet obstruction due to prostatomegaly. Histopathological examination revealed sarcomatoid adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland. Sarcomatoid adenocarcinoma is a mixture of malignant epithelial component (carcinomatous) and mesenchymal component (sarcomatoid). Though rare, it is very aggressive and often not associated with a rise in serum PSA levels. Overall prognosis is poor and patients have a low median survival.
Comparison of BIOCHIP Mosaic Based Indirect Immunofluorescence and Oral Direct Immunofluorescence in Patients with Oral Mucosal Pemphigus
Authors: Muralitharan Amrithaa , Rai Reena , Shanmugasundaram Sakthisankari
Published: October 2024

Background:

Oral mucosal lesions in pemphigus vulgaris may precede cutaneous lesions and can cause diagnostic confusion. Diagnosis can be made by histopathology, direct immunofluorescence (DIF), and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). DIF of the oral mucosa is an invasive procedure and difficult to perform in patients with severe mucosal ulcer, and studies have shown that BIOCHIP-IIF can be used to detect desmoglein 1 and 3 in the serum of patients with pemphigus.

Aim:

To compare BIOCHIP mosaic-based IIF and oral DIF in patients with oral mucosal pemphigus.

Materials and Methods:

All cases of oral mucosal pemphigus which were diagnosed by clinical examination and histopathology were included in the study. Oral DIF and BIOCHIP-IIF samples were collected, and the results were analyzed.

Results:

Out of 36 patients, DIF was positive in 30 patients (83.3%) and BIOCHIP-IIF in 28 patients (77.8%). On comparing BIOCHIP-IIF with DIF, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of BIOCHIP were 80%, 33.3%, 85.71%, and 25%, respectively. Chi-square test showed no statistically significant difference between oral DIF and BIOCHIP-IIF (P value is 0.5143). Among the 28 patients who had positive BIOCHIP, 27 patients (96.4%) showed desmoglein (Dsg) 3 positivity, and 16 patients (57.1%) showed Dsg 1 positivity. The sensitivity and specificity of Dsg1 were 53.3% and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of Dsg3 were 76.6% and 33.3%, respectively.

Conclusion:

BIOCHIP-IIF can be used as an alternative to oral DIF in the diagnosis of oral mucosal pemphigus.
Neonatal Hypotonia and Congenital Arthrogryposis Due to a Novel PIEZO2 Gene Mutation
Authors: Raghavendra Prashanth Ranya , Nair Sruthi , Nathan D. Muthu Vijaya , Haribalakrishna Anitha
Published: October 2024

We report on a 39-week-old male neonate diagnosed on antenatal sonography with bilateral congenital talipes equinovarus deformity and postnatally confirmed to be having global hypotonia with decreased sensation to touch and pain. The mother is postnatally diagnosed to be having gestational diabetes. On the evaluation of the neonate, he has profound axial and appendicular hypotonia, with absent deep tendon reflexes and negligible power. The neonate has poor oromotor tone and myopathic facies, with intact sensorium and no seizures. Blood investigations including serum lactate dehydrogenase, serum lactate, and serum creatinine phosphokinase are normal. Neuroimaging including ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain is normal. Electroencephalogram is also normal. Whole-exome sequencing reveals a novel mutation of the PIEZO2 gene. Neonate is currently on early intervention and continues to be hypotonic at 5- month follow-up. We discuss in this manuscript this rare cause of peripheral neuropathy, its management, and prognosis.
To Caffeinate or Not to Caffeinate? The Dilemma in Neonatal Apnea Management
Authors: Prakash Raj , Kunhiabdullah Shafeeque , Ezzat Medhat
Published: October 2024

Caffeine, a widely used central nervous system stimulant, has emerged as the most commonly used therapeutic agent for managing apnea of prematurity in neonates over the last decade. Despite the evidence favoring caffeine, there are several controversies with the use of caffeine in neonates. Several studies have shown that caffeine significantly decreases cerebral blood flow velocity, impacting cerebral oxygenation and tissue oxygenation index. Higher doses of caffeine have raised safety concerns, with reports of increased incidence of cerebellar hemorrhage and adverse neurological outcomes in preterm infants. The duration of caffeine therapy remains a conundrum, with no consensus guidelines available. Neonatal units differ in their approaches to discontinuing caffeine therapy and discharging babies based on apnea-free intervals. The documentation and monitoring protocols for apnea vary across units, raising concerns about the accuracy of clinical recommendations. This article aims to unfold the complexities surrounding caffeine therapy in neonatal care, highlighting the potential concerns of using caffeine, especially in higher doses, while acknowledging the existing benefits for managing apnea of prematurity. We call on medical professionals to conduct more thorough research and controlled trials to understand better how to use caffeine effectively for premature babies for improving neonatal outcomes.
Maternal Risk Factors and Birth Outcomes of Pregnancies Complicated by Preeclampsia: A Case–control Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Central India
Authors: Soni Vaishali , Tomar Shashi Prabha , Gupta Preeti , Devaliya Sangeeta
Published: October 2024

Background:

Preeclampsia contributes substantially to maternal and perinatal mortality. Reduction of maternal and perinatal mortality is a global priority, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like India. Preeclampsia is often overlooked during pregnancy and emerges as a significant contributor to mortality if not addressed proactively. Hence, the present study planned to explore maternal risk factors and birth outcomes in women with preeclampsia admitted for delivery in a tertiary care hospital.

Materials and Methods:

The present case–control study, including 100 matched cases and a similar number of controls, was carried out. For cases, pregnant women admitted for delivery, diagnosed with preeclampsia, while controls included all pregnant women admitted for delivery without preeclampsia were interviewed. A structured interview questionnaire, patient documents, and maternal and child protection (MCP) cards were used for data collection.

Results:

Family history of hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 2.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.65–5.31), history of chronic hypertension (OR = 6.00, 95% CI = 1.97–18.27), and primiparity (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 0.72–2.26) were significantly associated with preeclampsia. Preterm birth occurred in 58.1% of cases and 41.8% of controls. No associations were found between preeclampsia and the mode of delivery, gender, and birth weight of the baby.

Conclusion:

Women with a family history of hypertension, primiparous women, and those with a chronic history of hypertension have more tendency to adverse consequences of pregnancy and its outcomes like preterm births. Recognizing high-risk cases promptly and implementing effective management strategies are essential for planning and executing women’s health programs ultimately enhancing nationwide maternal and child health-care delivery.
Study of Migraine in Headache Patients and its Association with Anxiety, Depression, and Insomnia: A Hospital-based Study
Authors: Jain Akhilesh , Sunder Shyam , Goyal Manish Kumar , Yadav Neelam , Sinha Harsh Vardhan , Jain Garima , Yadav Kuldeep Singh
Published: October 2024

Background:

Migraine is a common disabling disease with a higher global prevalence among the adult population. Moreover, there is a frequent coexistence of affective disorders, especially depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. This association may cause aggravation of migraine symptoms resulting in the persistence of headache and poor quality of life. This study is designed to investigate the prevalence of migraine in patients with headache. The study has also assessed the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and insomnia and their association with migraine. Disability caused by migraine has also been explored in this study.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study included 250 patients of headache. Participants were screened for migraine using ID Migraine. Assessment was made using sociodemographic details, Migraine Disability Assessment Questionnaire, Patient health questionnaire-9, Generalized anxiety disorder-7, and Insomnia Severity Index.

Results:

Nearly 71.2% of patients had migraine and 28.8% had other types of headache. Depression, anxiety, and insomnia were reported in 33.15%, 37.64%, and 23.03% of participants with migraine, respectively. Patients with migraine had 48% and 85% more chances of developing depression and insomnia, respectively, and more than twice the chance of having anxiety. Moderate and severe disability was reported by 32% and 30.9% of participants, respectively. Depression, anxiety, and insomnia were predisposing risk factors for disability.

Conclusion:

The association of insomnia, anxiety, and depression is common with migraine and may cause disability in these patients. Hence, their timely assessment may reduce the risk of developing disability in migraine patients.
Chest Pain with a Triple Cause
Authors: Magro Valerio Massimo
Published: October 2024

Taking charge of a young patient who has been communicating chest pain for some time potentially hides various pitfalls. For these reasons, it is necessary to take charge that is global since in the same subject with chest pain various pathologies, sometimes serious, can also coexist. The role of ultrasound evaluation in these subjects is affirmed as a useful, fast method capable of exploring different body segments, to speed up the diagnosis and allow the study of multiple systems, even together. This clinical case report describes a patient with chest pain with three coexisting causes.
A Review on Educational Intervention Approaches on Cancer Knowledge and Awareness in Quasi-Experimental Studies
Authors: Ashruf Ruksana , Parasuraman Subramani , Ismail Nahlah Elkudssiah , Thamby Sam Aaseer
Published: October 2024

Cancer is a highly prevalent noncommunicable disease with low levels of awareness among the general public, as reported in numerous studies worldwide. Given the daunting nature of cancer, poor knowledge and awareness levels of this disease with regard to its warning signs, risk factors, and the importance of cancer screening among the public may lead to unfavorable health-related outcomes, such as delayed diagnosis and treatment initiation. However, there is potential to tackle this issue with properly designed health educational interventions. Quasi-experimental studies can be implemented to raise awareness in this subject matter via a myriad of traditional and digitalized educational intervention methods. Relevant studies identified across electronic databases were categorized based on the various educational interventions employed in promoting cancer knowledge and awareness. The effectiveness of these interventional approaches was assessed based on the pre-test and post-test scores, which captured the changes in knowledge and awareness levels before and after the educational intervention. Varying outcomes were observed across the diverse methods in individuals of different age groups. Nevertheless, evidence-based cancer educational interventions often yield multifaceted positive outcomes. The aim of this article is to review the various approaches of educational interventions utilized to positively alter the knowledge and awareness on cancer among the general public.
WhatsApp Groups as a Team-Based Learning Model for Ayurveda Undergraduate Students
Authors: Sawarkar Gaurav , Sawarkar Punam
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Team-based learning (TBL) involves students working together to solve problems or complete tasks. Active learning, collaboration, and critical thinking are promoted. TBL uses pre-class preparation, in-class team activities, and evaluations to improve course comprehension and application in a dynamic learning environment. Organise WhatsApp groups for TBL in Ayurveda courses by assigning facilitator, recorder, and timekeeper roles. Group discussion, case studies, sharing resources, and scheduling in-depth discussions to improve TBL by encouraging active engagement, good communication, and timely task completion. Faculty or moderators monitor WhatsApp groups, enforce rules, and facilitate discussions. WhatsApp group collaborative learning may improve academic performance because students gain peer interactions and different perspectives. It enhances learning by encouraging active participation and comprehension. Communication, teamwork, and critical thinking are taught to help students succeed in their careers.