bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease: the submerged part of the iceberg
Authors: Titova Natalia V. , Chaudhuri К. Ray
Published: January 2025

James Parkinson, a physician from London, described the shaking palsy now known as Parkinsons disease (PD) in his classic essay in 1817. Parkinson noted tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity and stooped posture as the key motor features of this condition but also drew attention to sleep dysfunction, delirium, dementia, and dysautonomia, now known to be non-motor symptoms (NMS) of PD. Inspite of their importance, NMS in PD still remain under-recognised and poorly studied. Description of neuropathological correlates of NMS, as well as the development of comprehensive tools for their assessment in the early 2000s, such as the NMS questionnaire (NMSQuest) and scale (NMSS), helped to establish the importance of NMS in PD and their crucial link with quality of life. In many countries, NMS evaluation in PD is now a part of the good clinical practice standards. Studies of the integral role of NMS in PD clinical structure and natural history of PD led to the concept of PD as a complex combination of motor and non-motor manifestations with a long prodromal phase dominated by a number of NMS. The prodromal phase of PD is a major current research topic: NMS-associated biomarkers may help to identify subjects who are at risk of developing motor-phase PD and, potentially, are candidates for neuroprotective therapies. NMS burden grading with cut off values, which can be used as outcome measure in clinical trials in patients with PD, have been validated. The complex multi-neurotransmitter dysfunction of PD has been reported to manifest clinically as difeferent non-motor subtypes. Recognition of such subtypes may lead to the emergence of personalized and precision medicine approaches in PD.
Influence of the blood gas transport system on brain millivolt scale direct current potentials in patients with vascular encephalopathy
Authors: Fokin Vitaliy F. , Ponomareva Natalia V. , Medvedev Roman B. , Tanashyan Мarine М. , Shabalina Аlla А.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Millivolt Scale direct current potentials (DCP) registered from human scalp differ from other types of estimated electrical activity by closer association with cerebral energetic processes. Intense energy metabolism in the brain increases the difference between acidic products concentrations on both sides of the blood brain barrier which is reflected by higher DCP. Oxygen consumption of is one of the most important components of cerebral energy metabolism. Delivery of oxygen to neuron depends on the characteristics of blood oxygen transport system and cerebral blood flow.
Objective. To test the hypothesis that brain DCP depends of the blood oxygen transport system characteristics and cerebral blood flow.
Materials and methods. Erythrocytes number, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hemoglobin and fibrinogen levels in blood were examined in135 patients with vascular encephalopathy (VE) Blood flow velocity in major head arteries was estimated using Doppler ultrasound. Associations between blood characteristics and blood flow velocity and the brain DCP, recorded in frontal, central, occipital areas along the midline and in both temporal areas, were determined.
Results. Associations between brain DCP and the blood oxygen transport system characteristics as well as the cerebral blood flow velocity were discovered in patients with VE. Averaged values of DCP in all examined areas were significantly different in groups with high and low hemoglobin levels (Fisher coefficient (F) = 5.5; p = 0.02) and corpuscular hemoglobin levels (F = 7.0; p 0.01). The blood flow velocity in the internal carotid artery correlated with DCP in central areas of the head (r = 0.37; p = 0.003). The values of averaged DCP (over all areas) negatively correlated with blood sedimentation rate (r = -0.31; p= 0.002) and fibrinogen levels (r = -0.37; p 0.001).
Conclusions. Evidences of the association between DCP and the brain oxygen transport system were obtained. Higher level of hemoglobin and a higher rate of cerebral blood flow promote more intensive rates of brain oxygen consumption. Discovered correlations between the blood oxygen transport system characteristics, cerebral blood flow and brain DCP confirm the potential benefit of using the millivolt range slow brain electrical activity measurement to characterize cerebral energy metabolism in clinical and experimental setting.
Laminoplasty and corporectomy in the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy
Authors: Dreval Maxim D. , Arestov Sergey O. , Petrosyan David V. , Kashcheev Aleksey A. , Vershinin Andrey V. , Poltorako Yekaterina N. , Guscha Artyom O.
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Cervical Spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a disabling manifestation of extended cervical stenosis characterized by pronounced neurological dysfunction. Decompressive interventions contribute to significant regression of symptoms and, in some cases, complete recovery can be achieved.
Objective: To explore the potential of laminoplasty in patients with extended cervical spondylotic stenoses complicated by myelopathy, and to develop approaches for surgical intervention in these patients.
Material and methods: 56 patients were included in the study. Laminoplasty was performed in 34 patients (average age, 59.4 12.8 years, women/men ratio, 9:25); 28 patients had compression on 3 levels of, 4 patients had compression on 4 levels and 2 patients had compression over 5 levels. Corporectomy was performed in 22 patients who made up the comparison group (average age, 43.8 16.4 years, women/men ratio, 7:15). The frequency and initial severity of concomitant non-neurological disorders in both groups were comparable.
Results: Indications for laminoplasty were determined. They include: symptoms of spondylotic myelopathy, three or more levels of compression, preservation of lordosis, absence of segmental instability signs, inability to perform anterior decompression, and age over 55 years. The presence of segmental instability signs, kyphotic deformation and history of mental disorders may be considered as contraindications for this surgery. Early and late ( 3 years) clinical outcomes (evolution of pyramidal and sensory symptoms) and X-ray and neuroimaging postoperative parameters (spine canal width, preservation of lordosis, etc.) were evaluated.
Conclusions: Due to a number of advantages, lamynoplasty is the treatment of choice for extended cervical spondylotic stenosis. Adequate selection of patients based on the evaluation of clinical symptoms, extension of stenosis, neurological signs and neuroimaging features make possible to achieve excellent results. This type of surgery is preferable for elderly patients (5560 years).
Clinical heterogeneity of progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Tappakhov Alexey A. , Popova Tatiana E. , Govorova Tatiana G. , Petrova Alyona Yu.
Published: January 2025

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a sporadic neurodegenerative disease characterized by oculomotor disorders, early onset of postural instability and cognitive dysfunction. Classic form of the disease (Richardsons syndrome) develops only in 24% of all cases, while other phenotypes are registered in most patients. Clinical manifestations of the various types the PSP, as well as their similarities and differences with other nosological forms of extrapyramidal disorders are described in the current review. New diagnostic criteria of PSP developed by the International Society for the Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders in 2017 are discussed. Two clinical cases of PSP in patients of Yakhut ethnic origin are presented: in the first case there was classical variant of the disease (Richardsons syndrome), and in the second case a PSP-parkinsonism variant.
Frontal Pole, Cingulate Gyrus, and Precuneus Cortex Represent the Confidence Level in the Prediction of others' Risky Decision-Making
Authors: Haghighi Ahmad Shoaa , Safari Soroush , Oloumi Elahe , Jameei Hadis , Hossein Zadeh Gholam Ali , Vahabie Abdol-Hossein
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Reporting confidence after a decision-making task is widely used in the studies of metacognition. A cognitive factor is usually defined as “thinking about thinking.” When people predict others’ behavior in risky situations, they consider various factors affecting others’ choices; at that point, they can determine how confident they are about their predictions about the others' decision.
Materials and Methods: This study investigates human neural activities in different confidence levels when participants predict others’ financial choices in a risky decision-making task. For this aim, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) combined with behavioral tasks is used to demonstrate the neural representation of human confidence level about others’ possible choices. We scanned 21 healthy and normal participants in two separate sessions each containing three runs.
Results: The results indicate that the Frontal Pole Cortex (FPC), cingulate gyrus, and precuneus cortex activities are correlated with the confidence of people in their predictions (P < 0.0005; cluster size, k > 75). Using behavioral data, we found that when participants answer correctly, their confidence level as a metacognition factor increases simultaneously and vice versa.
Conclusion: These key findings suggest that the brain's activities can represent subjects’ confidence level in predicting risky behaviors and show how metacognition in the theory of mind for prediction of others’ choices is represented in the brain’s activity.
The Treatment Effect of Plantago Major on Lung Cancer Based on the Computed Tomography and Pathological Findings: A Case Report Study
Authors: Jasim Saade Abdalkareem , Abdullah Bashar Mudhaffar , Yánez-Moretta Patricio , Kadhum Wesam R. , Mustafa Yasser Fakri , Alwaily Enas R. , Abosoda Munther , Alsalamy Ali , Al-Musawi Sada Ghalib , Omran Alaa A.
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Plantago Major (PM) is widely used for the treatment of different diseases due to several active compounds. Previous studies demonstrated the treatment effect of this plant on lung cancer cell lines. Here, we introduced a patient having lung cancer proved by Computed Tomography (CT) and pathological findings. The treatment effect of PM was assessed and presented based on CT and laboratory examinations for this patient as a first human case study.
Materials and Methods: A 64-year-old woman, with gastrointestinal bleeding as well as high Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels, was examined by the chest CT scan for suspicious lung cancer. Pathological findings confirmed the non-small cell lung cancer (adenocarcinoma, stage IIA). The patient consumed 150 ml of PM seeds extract (3-4 times daily) orally for about 4 months. Follow-up CT and laboratory examinations were performed after the treatment period to assess the effect of PM.
Results: The volume of the tumor was reduced by about 62% (based on CT imaging findings) after the treatment with PM. In addition, the laboratory examinations illustrate that ESR and CRP levels reduced remarkably (from 97 mm/h to 24 mm/h for ESR; from 36.8 mg/L to 1.2 mg/L for CRP) after the treatment.
Conclusion: Based on our human study, PM, as a natural compound with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibiotic characteristics, could have an anti-proliferative effect on non-small cell lung cancer. However, more follow-up examinations on big sample sizes are needed to assess the treatment effect of PM.
The Role of Cultural Capital in Food Choice Patterns: The Mediatory Role of Educational Inequalities
Authors: Foroumandi Elaheh , Dehghani Azadeh , Farhangi Mahdieh Abbasalizad , Abdi Fatemeh
Published: January 2025

Background: Cultural capital can interestingly mediate what a person prefers to eat and, thus, may be effective in dietary choice. The objectives of this study were to compare the distribution of cultural capital components within the different educational levels and also compare food consumption patterns across the different educational levels; and examine cultural capital’s role in the educational inequalities in food consumption among healthy women.
Methods: The data was obtained in the form of a cross-sectional design with face-to-face interviews with 527 women who had visited shopping centers and parks in Tabriz from September to November 2021, using convenient sampling. Food recall as well as cultural capital questionnaire were completed for the participants, and anthropometric indices were measured. The level of education of the participants was considered as an indicator of socio-economic status.
Results: Family institutionalized cultural capital, objectivized cultural capital, and most of the incorporated cultural capital’s indicators were significantly differed by educational inequalities. Daily frequency scores of unhealthy food consumption in the participants with primary education was higher than other educational groups (p<0.001). The high-educated individuals’ intakes healthier foods were compared to unhealthy foods, and participants with low total cultural capital score were in adherence of a low overall healthy food consumption (PR: 1.49, 95%CI: 1.23-1.68).
Conclusion: Education levels are significantly associated with cultural capital, and participants with high levels of cultural capital choose healthier foods more often than participants with low cultural capital.
Por uma cultura do esclarecimento: notações sobre filosofia e educação
Authors: Giordano Rosi
Published: January 2025

Este ensaio, fundado nos aportes da Teoria Crítica, resulta de uma reflexão acerca das relações entre a especificidade da filosofia e da educação, suas finalidades e destinos nas sociedades contemporâneas. Parto do princípio de que estas têm como signos a ruína da razão e a mercantilização da cultura, signos de uma ordenação socioeconômica que impõe a desumanização do sujeito. Neste contexto, sugere-se o exame de questões que constituem como que imperativos categóricos para toda discussão cuja temática implique o perguntar sobre o porquê e o para que da Cultura e, no interior desta, da Filosofia e da Educação.
Sare elektrikoen balioa Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoko lehiakortasunerako
Authors:   Universidad de Deusto, Mosquera Stephania , Larrea Macarena ,   Universidad de Deusto
Published: January 2025

Deskarbonizaziorako energia trantsizioak sare elektrikoetan inbertsio berriak egitea dakar, besteak beste energia berriztagarriak integratzeko, ibilgailu elektrikoak kargatzeko beharrari erantzuteko eta kontsumitzaileen parte hartze aktiboa kontuan hartzeko. Energia berriztagarrietan egindako inbertsioa 2010az geroztik ia bikoiztu egin bada ere, sareetan egindako inbertsioa egonkor mantendu da, urteko 300.000 milioi dolar inguruan, eta trantsiziorako itogune bat bihurtu da. Aurrekoa kontuan hartuta, eta Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoan (EAE) sare elektrikoen inguruan dagoen enpresa gaitasuna ere aurrean izanik, lan honen helburua da sare elektrikoen balioa agerian jartzea, Orkestraren lehiakortasunerako esparrua erabiliz (2021). Esparru horrek ekonomia eta enpresa emaitzak eta ongizateari lotutako emaitzak aztertzen ditu, baita palanka dinamikoak ere, haien gainean jarduteko (kapital naturala, kapital fisikoa, finantzaketa, jakintza, giza kapitala eta gizarte eta erakunde kapitala). Lanak sareekin lotutako inbertsio beharrak ere aztertu ditu, Europar Batasunean eta Espainian. Eta horrekin batera, inbertsio horiek Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoko enpresentzat ekartzen dituzten aukeren inguruko hausnarketa egiten du, lurraldeko sare elektrikoen balio katea kontuan hartuta.
Augmentativa i ich funkcje w powieści Ten się śmieje, kto ma zęby Zyty Rudzkiej
Authors: Burkacka Iwona
Published: January 2025

Celem tekstu jest charakterystyka augmentativów występujących w powieści Ten się śmieje, kto ma zęby Zyty Rudzkiej (Warszawa 2022), a także próba opisu funkcji pełnionych przez zgrubienia w przywołanym tekście literackim. Zwykle nazwy augmentatywne wskazują na duży rozmiar desygnatu i są nośnikiem nacechowania ekspresywnego, często negatywnego lub żartobliwego. Ich obecność wiąże się z rubasznością i emocjonalnością wypowiedzi. W analizowanym materiale literackim pełnią inną rolę. Ich występowanie w monologu wewnętrznym bohaterki można rozpatrywać jako wyraz dystansu wobec trudnej sytuacji, ukrywania emocji, także jako element stylizacyjny (charakterystykę socjolingwistyczną bohaterki). Stosowanie augmentativów, zwłaszcza tych derywowanych od podstaw będących wulgaryzmami czy wyrazami pospolitymi, nie wpisuje się w stereotypowe postrzeganie kobiety w średnim wieku, ale dobrze oddaje walkę bohaterki o przetrwanie fizyczne i psychiczne, o prawo do zachowania samodzielności, autonomii, na ile jest to możliwe.
Pragmatyczna istota jedności ponadfrazowych w ramach struktury tekstu: celowość — ocena — wartościowanie
Authors: Nobis-Wlazło Katarzyna
Published: January 2025

Praca dotyczy sposobu realizacji kategorii oceny i wartościowania poprzez jedności ponadfrazowe. Materiałem dyskursywnym był fragment tekstu naukowego, natomiast badanie prowadzono z wykorzystaniem metodologii funkcjonalno- pragmatycznej. Artykuł składa się z trzech części. Pierwsza dotyczy dyferencjacji procedur oceny i wartościowania. Ocena to wynik przedmiotowego zestawienia obiektów z wykorzystaniem zmysłów i/lub kognicji, jest to kwalifikacja przedmiotu względem pewnych jakościowych lub ilościowych reguł. Skupienie na cechach podmiotowych w klasyfikacji obiektu (kiedy podmiot przypisuje obiektowi cechy bądź właściwości) powoduje reorientację i zamianę procedury oceny w wartościowanie. Druga i trzecia część pracy dotyczy zjawiska jedności ponadfrazowej jako strukturalnego elementu tekstu. Przedstawiono kryteria wyodrębniania tego typu jednostek oraz sposobu realizowania w nich strategii dyskursywnych. W analizie materiału zaprezentowano wstępne reguły tworzenia modeli jedności ponadfrazowych na podstawie tekstów z dziedziny dyskursu naukowego z uwzględnieniem oceny i nacechowania aksjologicznego.
Językowy obraz rodziny w wypowiedziach łódzkich studentów — w świetle badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych na grupie polskiej i ukraińskiej młodzieży
Authors: Sokół-Klein Anna
Published: January 2025

Celem artykułu jest ukazanie językowego obrazu rodziny w wypowiedziach polskich i ukraińskich studentów uczących się na Wydziale Filologicznym UŁ. Za teoretyczną podstawę badań przyjęto założenia wypracowane przez etnolingwistów a dotyczące językowego obrazu świata. Z uwagi na to, że stworzone przez studentów definicje mają charakter tekstów naturalnych, jako narzędzie opisu w rekonstrukcji struktury omawianego leksemu posłużyły reguły semantyczne definicji kognitywnej. Holistyczna definicja kognitywna jest budowana w oparciu o trzy typy danych: systemowych (leksykograficznych), ankietowych i tekstowych. W niniejszej publikacji skupiono się na badaniach ankietowych. Analiza ilościowa pokazała wybory aksjologiczne studentów: w kwestionariuszach polskiej młodzieży rodzina znalazła się trzecim miejscu (10,93%) spośród 36 pojęć znajdujących się na liście, zaś ukraińskich — na drugim (15,37%). Jeśli chodzi o konceptualizację pojęcia, respondenci zwrócili uwagę na istotę więzi łączącej poszczególnych członków rodziny, wspólną przestrzeń, poczucie bezpieczeństwa, a także na stosunki panujące pomiędzy domownikami. Dla Polaków najważniejsze jest rozumienie rodziny jako bliskich ludzi, ale też związku pokrewieństwa, więzi i wsparcia (po 20%). Z kolei dla Ukraińców analizowana wartość to przede wszystkim bliscy ludzie (50%). Młodzież ukraińska najrzadziej utożsamia charakteryzowane pojęcia z domem, relacją i więzią (0%), zaś polska — nie scharakteryzowała rodziny jako najcenniejszej wartości (0%).
Navigating Research Trends in Support and Stigma: A Bibliometric Analysis and Future Research Agenda
Authors: Hajdini Johana , Dirsehan Taskın , Iaia Lea
Published: January 2025

Aim and Scope: Stigma has changed and evolved over time with the progress of knowledge and humanity. The negative outcomes of stigma, such as social isolation, exclusion, poor treatment adherence, and limited access to healthcare services, have garnered interest among research communities. The complex nature of stigma as a socially constructed phenomenon and its continuous evolution raises the need to track changes and fit future interventions. Methods: We synthesize extant research on stigma and support through a bibliometric analysis of 257 articles investigating the stigma phenomenon. The study contributes to a comprehensive understanding and helps the translation of research findings into action to drive social change and evidence-based policies. Findings: Our analysis revealed a growing interest in the domain in recent years. The results show six main directions of research: (1) stigma as a barrier, (2) cultural contexts of stigma, (3) perceived stigma and coping strategies, (4) stories of experiences of stigma, (5) action to mitigate stigma, and (6) community stigma. Conclusions: This study has theoretical and practical implications, in highlighting the multidimensionality of stigma and the need for multi-level policies to raise awareness among communities.
Dakwah Tokoh Agama terhadap Perubahan Sosial dan Budaya Pada Masyarakat
Authors: Abu Hanifah
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana metode dakwah berkontribusi pada perubahan sosial di di Desa Gunung Kembang, dengan fokus pada implementasi dan dampaknya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Data didapatkan melalui dan observasi. Data yang didapatkan akan dianalisis melalui metode tematik. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa dakwah memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam masyarakat Islam. Melalui berbagai metode, dakwah berfungsi sebagai sarana pendidikan, pembinaan iman dan taqwa, perbaikan sosial dan moral, pembentukan identitas Islam, dan pemecahan masalah sosial. Meskipun menghadapi berbagai tantangan, dakwah tetap merupakan salah satu pilar penting dalam membangun masyarakat Islam yang kuat, adil, dan sejahtera. Para pendakwah perlu terus berinovasi dan beradaptasi dengan perubahan zaman agar dakwah tetap efektif dan memberikan dampak positif bagi masyarakat. Dakwah memainkan peran yang sangat penting dalam pembentukan masyarakat Islam. Melalui dakwah, umat mendapatkan pendidikan agama, pembinaan spiritual, dan identitas Islam yang kuat, memperkuat ukhuwah Islamiyah, dan memecahkan masalah sosial.
Predictors of reading performance of fourth-grade Turkish students
Authors: Bozkuş Kıvanç
Published: January 2025

Using machine learning, this research aimed to examine the crucial factors that predict the reading performance of fourth-grade students from Türkiye who participated in PIRLS 2021. When trained with the data of 3589 fourth-grade students and their 405 independent variables, the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm properly distinguished between high- and low-performing students based on 16 key contextual factors at the school, teacher, and family levels. The main factors were at the school level and were related to placing a major emphasis on instruction and the ability of students to borrow books. The teacher-level factors were the assessment strategy, helping students develop reading comprehension skills or strategies, and motivation. The only family-level factor was the parental commitment to ensure that students are ready to learn. Compared to the results of the whole PIRLS 2021 data, the findings of this research revealed a big difference in the key factors predicting the reading performance of fourth graders from Türkiye. Possible reasons were discussed, and new educational policies, interventions, and research practices were suggested. At the policy level, an approach that systemically addresses school, teacher, and family factors may yield more meaningful improvements in reading performance. In terms of interventions, the findings suggest a focus on interactive teaching and assessment strategies that involve students actively interacting with text. As for research practices, this study highlighted the potential of machine learning as a valuable tool to understand the complex, multi-dimensional nature of student performance.
A critical multicultural education learning module for English language teacher education programs
Authors: Bozkurt Dila , Zehir Topkaya Ece
Published: January 2025

As classrooms become increasingly diverse in terms of culture and language, many teacher education programs have started to incorporate critical multicultural education (CME). Within the framework of a qualitative research design, the aim of this study was to construct a concise learning module that introduces CME to pre-service English language teachers and encourages them to adopt a critical perspective in their teaching. Developing this module involved a meticulous four-stage process. In the initial two stages, the module was formulated through iterative brainstorming sessions, and in the latter stages, it was implemented with groups of English language teaching students. The overall findings indicate that the module provided various benefits including fostering positive attitudes towards diversity, promoting an understanding of social issues, and raising awareness about educational goals, the ideologies behind education, and the political position of teaching. It is evident that the implementation of CME in teacher education positively impacts pre-service teachers by instilling more favorable attitudes toward diversity. This study highlights the significant influence of CME courses on pre-service teachers.
TEVFİK FİKRET’İN İZİNDE BİR ŞAİR: NURETTİN SEVİN VE YANGIN ŞİİRİ
Authors: Sağlam Ayşe , Bolulu Buse
Published: January 2025

Şairlerin diğer şairlerden etkilenmesi şiir tarihi boyunca süregelen bir durumdur. Şairler ne kadar özgün olmaya çalışsalar da yazdıklarının şiirsel etkilenmeden mahfuz kalması hayli güçtür. Birçok şair kendisinden önce gelen güçlü şairlerin etkisinde kalarak eserlerini vücuda getirmiştir. Bir kısım şairler başka bir şair ya da şiirden etkilenmeyi bir kusur ya da eksiklik olarak görürken kimileriyse bununla iftihar edebilmektedir. Şairin bu durumu bir övünç vesilesi olarak görmesinin altında üstat kabul ettiği diğer şaire duyduğu saygı ve beğeni hissi yatar. Örnek aldığı şairin şiirlerinde kendi benliğinden izler bulan, duygu ve heyecanlarını fark eden şair, kendisiyle üstat şair arasında benzerlikler kurar. Sanat anlayışları birbirine paralel olduğundan üstat şairin eserine benzer bir eser ortaya koyarak kendini geliştirmeye çalışır. Bu şekilde hayranlık duyduğu şaire iltifat etmiş olur.
Tanzimat Dönemi ve sonrasında Türk edebiyatının başat konularından birinin toplumsal sorunlar olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Toplumsal duyarlılığa sahip yazar ve şairler, tespit ettikleri sorunlara eserlerinde yer vermiştir. Özellikle Sultan II. Abdülhamid Dönemi, bu bakımdan önem arz etmektedir. Bu dönemin sosyal ve siyasal koşullarını tasvip etmeyen ve eleştirilerini Sis şiiri ile dile getiren Tevfik Fikret, kendinden sonraki birçok yazar ve şairi de etkilemiştir. Öyle ki Nurettin Sevin de üstat olarak kabul ettiği Fikret’ten etkilenerek Yangın şiirini kaleme almıştır. Bu çalışmada Tevfik Fikret hayranı olan ve onu kendisine örnek alan Nurettin Sevin’in Yangın şiiri ile Fikret’in Sis şiiri şiirsel etkilenme açısından incelenmeye çalışılacaktır.
AHMED ARİF’İN MEKTUPLARI BAĞLAMINDA “SUSKUN” ŞİİRİNİ OKUMAK
Authors: Ertuş Ayşe
Published: January 2025

Ahmed Arif, Türk edebiyatında 1950’li yılların toplumcu gerçekçi şairlerinden biridir. Diyarbakır’da dünyaya gelen şair edebiyat dünyasında daha hayattayken yayınlanan tek şiir kitabı Hasretinden Prangalar Eskittim ile tanınmış ve büyük yankı uyandırmıştır. Şiirlerinde çoğunlukla Doğu Anadolu insanını, kültürünü, yaşayış biçimini işleyen şair, tarihten coğrafyaya, aşktan mücadeleye, hasretten umuda, mahpushane hayatından özgürlüğe kadar birçok konuyu şiirlerinde işlemiştir. Lirik anlatımıyla da dikkatleri üzerine çeken şair, şiirlerinde kendisine, hayatına dair izlere yer vermiştir. Şiirlerinde “ben” anlatımını seçen ve bazı şiirlerinde “Ahmed Arif” ya da “Ahmed” adını kullanan şair yaşadıklarından şiire varır ve bunu da hemen her şiirinde ortaya koyar. Şairin hayatına dair yaşadıklarını ortaya koyduğu şiirlerinden biri de “Suskun”dur. “Suskun”, şairin Leyla Erbil’e yazdığı bir mektubunda da geniş yer almış ve şiirin adının konulmasına Leyla Erbil’in karar vermesi istenmiştir. Yetmiş dört mısra ve sekiz bentten oluşan “Suskun”da her bent “yeşil” sözcüğüyle bitmekte ve bu durum İspanyol şair Federico Garcia Lorca’nın “Uyurgezer Romans” şiirini hatırlatmaktadır.

Çalışmada Ahmed Arif’in “Suskun” adlı şiirinde şairin hayatına dair izler aranacak ve kullanılan imgelerin arka planında ne anlatılmak istendiği ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır. Bu bağlamda Ahmed Arif’in yaşamı ve şiir anlayışına dair bilgiler verildikten sonra, onun Hasretinden Prangalar Eskittim adlı kitabında yer alan “Suskun” adlı şiiri incelenecek ve şiirdeki F. G. Lorca etkisine değinilecektir. Şiirde kullanılan tarihsel figür ve ögelerin anlamları tespit edilecektir.
DİVAN ŞAİRİNİN DÜNYASINDA BAKIŞ
Authors: Koçak Şükran
Published: January 2025

Divan şairi, bir empresyonist gibi olayları, nesneleri muhayyilesinde anlamlandırır, farklı kavramlarla bakış açısını ifade eder ve kendi tarzını yansıtır. Şair, ifadelerini geleneğin sınırları içinde kalmak kaydıyla türlü söz hünerlerine imkân verecek bir zenginlikle ortaya koyar. Nazar da bakma ve bakış manasında olup şairin hayal dünyasında anlamlandırdığı bir kavramdır. Şairin tasavvurunda bakış ok gibi sivridir, kılıç gibi keskindir. Bir cellattır, amacı âşığı öldürmektir. Bir haramidir, gönül mülkünü yağmalar. Göz ucuyla bakar ve gönül evini ateşe verir. Bakış, her türlü hileye sahip olduğu için ona güvenilmez ve sır verilmez. O, sihri Babil’de öğrenmiş, büyüleyici gözlere sahiptir. Bir bakış ile dünyaya fitne yayabilir. Hummalı bakışları, âşığı kendine meftun eder. Âşığı dertlendiren hasta bakışlar, onun daima görmek istediği bakıştır. Sevgilinin gözleri, baygın bakar ve âşığı mest eder. Divan şiirinde bakışın zengin bir anlam dizgesine sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Şairler, bakış anlamında nazar, nigâh ve gamze mefhumlarını kullanmıştır. Tasavvuf ve din açısından mürşidin müride feyzle bakması sonucunda müridin ruhsal açıdan yetişmesi ve olgunlaşması nazar olarak ifade edilir. Tasavvufta nazar sözcüğüyle birlikte bakış anlamında rü’yet, tecellî, müşâhede, basîret, mükâşefe mefhumları da kullanılmaktadır. Sosyal hayatta nazarın karşılığı kem göz olarak bilinmektedir. Kem göz mefhumu ile nazara gelmek, göze gelmek, göz değmesi ifade edilir. Çalışmamızda divan şairinin hayal dünyasında bakış için nazar, gamze ve nigah mefhumlarının yer aldığı örnek beyitler seçilmiştir. Bununla şairlerin muhayyilesinde bakışın içine aldığı anlam çerçevesini görmek amaçlanmıştır.
HÜSEYİN AKKAYA'NIN “SİYAH AYNA” ŞİİRİNE ONTOLOJİK BİR YAKLAŞIM: SİYAH AYNADA KENDİNİ GÖRMEK
Authors: Yüksel Şehri
Published: January 2025

Sanat, bireylerin toplumsal yaşama dair duygu ve düşüncelerinin bir yansımasıdır ve aynı zamanda ruhların tatmini ve bilinçlendirilmesidir. Hüseyin Akkaya, “Siyah Ayna” şiirinde bu yansıma işlevini, ayna metaforunu kullanarak gerçekleştirmektedir. 2010 yılından itibaren ayna metaforunu şiirlerinin merkezine alan Akkaya, bu metaforu işlediği şiirlerini Aynadan Geçen Şiirler adlı kitabında toplamıştır. Kitapta bulunan şiirlerin tümünde ayna metaforu ortak bir öge olarak yer alırken, “Siyah Ayna” şiiri, Platon’un Mağara Alegorisi ile kurduğu bağlantı sayesinde diğer şiirlerden ayrılır. Bu bağlantı, şiirin derinliğini artırmakta ve arka yapısına katkıda bulunmaktadır. Sanat eserlerinin anlam ve değerini ortaya koymak için farklı inceleme yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır ve bu yöntemlerden biri ontolojik yaklaşımdır. Ontolojik inceleme yöntemi, Roman Ingarden ve Nicolai Hartmann gibi teorisyenler tarafından geliştirilmiş, bu isimlerin görüşlerini esas alarak İsmail Tunalı da Sanat Ontolojisi adlı çalışmasında bu yöntemi detaylandırmıştır. Ingarden, sanat eserlerini varlık tabakalarına ayırırken, Hartmann bu tabakaları ön yapı ve arka yapı olarak ikiye böler. Ontolojik yöntem, edebi eserlerin estetik yapısını tabakalara göre ele alarak, görünenin ötesinde yer alan unsurları ve metnin derin yapısındaki anlamları ortaya çıkarmayı hedefler.

Bu çalışmada, Hüseyin Akkaya’nın “Siyah Ayna” şiiri, Tunalı’nın varlık tabakaları kuramına göre analiz edilmiştir. Şiirdeki ayna metaforu, bireyin içsel dünyasını simgelerken, Platon’un Mağara Alegorisi ile şiirdeki ruhsal dönüşüm teması güçlendirilmiş ve içsel aydınlanma arayışını derinleştiren bir arka yapı oluşturulmuştur.
TÜRKİYE TÜRKÇESİNDE FİİLİMSİLER SORUNU VE ÖĞRENİM ZORLUKLARI
Authors: İpek Birol , Özcan Cemil
Published: January 2025

Türkiye Türkçesi gramer kitapları incelendiğinde fiilimsiler konusunun birkaç kaynak dışında detaylı bir şekilde ele alınmadığı görülmektedir. Türkiye Türkçesinin gramerinde bir bütünlüğün olmasından dolayı bir konunun eksik öğrenilmesi diğer konuların da öğreniminde güçlükler yaratmaktadır. Fiilimsiler konusunun ilişkili olduğu bölümlere bakıldığında kelime bilgisi, cümle bilgisi, şekil bilgisi gibi konular görülür. Fiilimsiler konusunun bazı kaynaklarda fiilimsi adı altında işlenirken bazı kaynaklarda da eylemsi şeklinde işlenmesi konunun öğreniminde güçlük oluşturmaktadır. Yine öğrencilerin bazı eklerin oluşum kurallarını ve kullanım yerlerini bilmemesi kelime morfolojisinde sorun yaratmaktadır. Türkiye Türkçesinde kullanılan bazı zaman eklerinin (/-(y)A+cAk/, /-Ar/, /-mA+z/, /-mIş/) eylemin gerçekleştiği zamanı bildirme fonksiyonunda olmayıp fiilden türetilmiş ve ismi niteleyen sıfatlar yapması akabinde bazı eylemleri gerçekleştiren alet isimleri yapması (kalıcı isimler) bu zaman eklerinin sanki farklı birer ekmiş gibi öğrenciye öğretilmesi konunun öğreniminde sorun oluşturmaktadır. Oysa Türkçede tek bir tane (/-(y)A+cAk/, /-Ar/, /-mA+z/, /-mIş/) eki bulunmaktadır. Bu ekler de cümlenin kuruluşuna göre bazen fonksiyon değiştirip fiilden isim yapan ekler gibi kullanılabilir. Şüphesiz fiilimsiler konusunun en önemli sorunlarından biri de içinde bulundukları cümlelerin basit cümle mi birleşik cümle mi olduğu sorunudur. Bu bağlamda hem akademik kaynaklarda hem de Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Talim Terbiye Kurulunca onaylı ders kitaplarında bilgi birliği olmayışı sorunun hâlen devam ettiğini göstermektedir.
Changes in body composition, physical fitness and quality of life on robotic gait assisted training in patients with Guillain-Barré Syndrome: a case report
Authors: Lee Moon Jin , Yoon Sung Jin
Published: January 2025

[Purpose] This case report evaluates changes in body composition, physical fitness, and quality of life in a patient with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) undergoing training with an end-effector gait robotic device.[Methods] A 35-year-old man with GBS completed interval training using a robotic gait assistant three times weekly for four weeks. The training intensity was set at 70–75% (Phase 1) and 80–85% (Phase 2) of the target heart rate, calculated using the heart rate reserve. Evaluations included body composition, physical fitness, isometric strength, gait performance, and quality of life indices.[Results] Post-intervention, improvements were observed across all parameters. Body weight increased by 1.2%, while body fat percentage and visceral fat decreased by 5.4% and 3.7%, respectively. Muscle mass increased by 3.3%, and isometric strength improved at all tested sites. Gait speed increased from 0.7 to 1.8 km/h (157.1%), and the number of steps per minute increased from 33 to 77 (133.3%). The timed up-and-go (TUG) test improved by 7.1%, and exercise self-efficacy (ESE) scores increased by 29.1%.[Conclusion] These findings align with the principles of neuromuscular adaptation, motor learning, and neuroplasticity. Interval training with a robotic gait device may effectively restore physical function and improve quality of life in patients with GBS. However, the limitations of this single case study highlight the need for randomized controlled trials with larger cohorts and long-term effectiveness assessments.
Bispectral Index Versus Minimum Alveolar Concentration Guided Anesthesia for Assessment of Intraoperative Awareness in Patients Undegoing Laparascopic Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Shreya Garg  , Vinod Bala Dhir  , Jyoti Gupta  , Yadav Rupesh , Deepak Verma
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Intraoperative awareness with explicit recall (AWR) occurs when an individual retains memory of intraoperative events after completion of anesthesia. It is an unpleasant feeling feared by both the patients and the anesthetists. Objective: This research aims to compare Bispectral Index (BIS) versus Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC) guided anesthesia for assessment of intra-operative awareness in patients undergoing laparoscopic abdominal surgery. Methods: This research is a prospective comparison involving 100 patients divided into two groups of 50 patients each. Group M (MAC): Desflurane concentration was maintained at a MAC value of 1. The BIS monitor was not to be applied to this group of patients at the time of induction, but in Group B (BIS), the BIS electrode was applied on the forehead immediately before induction. Hemodynamic parameters including heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure were recorded.  After the surgery, the patients were interviewed using the Modified Brice Awareness Questionnaire and Michigan Awareness Classification score for assessment of intra-operative awareness or consciousness at two intervals: in the post-anesthesia care unit and 48 hours after surgery. Results: Demographic data were comparable between groups M and B. No significant differences in the hemodynamic parameters, which include heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) between the M group and the B group (p value>0.05). The patient’s awareness was compared based on a modified Brice awareness questionnaire. The distribution of awareness was comparable between groups M and B (0% vs. 4% respectively) (p value=0.495). The distribution of Michigan awareness classification scores was comparable between groups M and B. Class 0 (no awareness) was 98% vs. 96% respectively, and Class 1(isolated auditory perception) of 2% vs. 4% respectively with (p value=1). Conclusion: This research found that BIS-guided anesthesia works just as well as MAC-guided anesthesia at keeping patients from waking up and keeping an eye on changes in their blood pressure while they are under general anesthesia for laparoscopic abdominal surgery.
Surface Anatomy-Based Clavipectoral Fascia Plane Block for Clavicle Surgery
Authors: Purnomo Heri Dwi , Witjaksana Risnu
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Clavicular fractures are often observed cases. In the majority of clavicle fractures, both in adults and children, the fracture is located in the midshaft. Generally, General Anesthesia techniques are usd in such instances, as regional anesthesia through peripheral nerve block often presents its own challenges. The clavipectoral fascial plane block was first introduced in 2017. Apart from its ease of implementation, the Surface Anatomy-Based Clavipectoral Plane Block can avoid the risks associated with other regional anesthesia techniques such as Plexus Brachialis Block or Interscalene Block. Objective: This report aims to provide an overview of the procedures for carrying out surface anatomy-based clavipectoral fascia plane block for clavicle surgery. Case Report: A 33-year-old man with the primary complaint of pain in the right shoulder following a fall while playing football. The patient was diagnosed with closed re-fracture of the clavicle (D) Allman Group I. Clavicle surgery was conducted with the Surface Anatomy-Based Clavipectoral Fascia Plane Block technique. In this patient, local anesthetic agents were administered as Levobupivacaine 0.375% in a volume of 20 cc. The operation lasts approximately 1.5 hours. The Patient’s hemodynamic condition was stable during the surgery. The patient had no complaints and post-operative pain was effectively managed. Conclusion: The surface Anatomy-based Clavipectoral fascia plane block can be considered for clavicular surgery, especially in Allman Group type 1. Besides being easy to implement, this technique also poses fewer risks compared to other regional anesthesia techniques.
Theory of Differences Between Elements: Explanation of the Differences Between Quantum Physics and the Theory of General Relativity
Authors: Cardoso Carlos Eduardo Ramos
Published: January 2025

The Theory of differences between elements explains the reasons for the differences in physical concepts between different elements, such as quantum physics and the Theory of general relativity, being explained through observations. Thus, it is possible to conclude from the observations that the differences are motivated by the reactions between the elements, by the composition of the elements, and by the influence of the spaces that promote losses and gains of characteristics; therefore, there is no general similarity between quantum physics and the general Theory of relativity. The study aims to understand the elements and their physical concepts that make up the Universe.
Pathogenesis of Canine Leishmaniasis: Diagnostic Accuracy and Experimental Models Targeting Leishmania Lipid-Bound Vesicles
Authors: Gabriel Áurea , Galvão Gilvando Rodrigues , Galué-Parra Adan , Casseb Lívia Medeiros Neves , Pereira Washington Luiz Assunção , Pedersen Ketil Winther , Aguiar Delia Cristina Figueira , Gonçalves Evonnildo Costa , Da Silva Edilene Oliveira
Published: January 2025

Leishmaniases are zoonotic vector-borne diseases caused by a wide variety of Leishmania species with complex transmission cycles involving different reservoirs, potential new hosts and vectors. Similarly, to other eukaryotes, Leishmania release extracellular vesicles (LEVs) to play important initial interactions that are crucial to modulate the subsequent systemic immune response on the establishment of infection in humans and others hosts like dogs. Recent studies in endemic areas of Brazil concluded that canine infections were predominantly due to L. amazonensis and not restricted to L. infantum (syn. Leishmania chagasi). Under these premises, the diagnosis of leishmaniasis needs to be improved with the identification of current etiological agent and the histopathologic features, highlighting the differential diagnosis and the molecular components of LEVs. In this way, the dual aim of that study is to register collected observations of natural canine infections, enhancing the relevance of differential diagnosis in companion animals and inserting in vitro results in the field of LEVs that still research gaps to be filled to understand the mechanisms and biological aspects involving the parasite-host interactions. Therefore, improve these studies of Parasitology research is important for diagnostic, prognostic, treatment advances and continuing need for global prevention, control, elimination/eradication of these parasitic infections.
Mountain Precision Agriculture Index: A review
Authors: Covaci Brindusa , Covaci Mihai , Brejea Radu
Published: January 2025

The paper develops the Mountain Precision Agriculture Index realized in 2020 at Oradea University – Doctoral School, Agronomy Specialization (Covaci-Sterpu, 2020). The article points the importance of entrepreneurship development, focusing on precision agriculture index in the mountain area. The reviewed papers show that the implementation of precision farming within an IoT framework in highland regions (ζ9) must be developed with attention to various essential aspects, precisely the elevation of the mountain (ζ1), the gradient of the terrain (ζ2), the mean local altitude (ζ3), signal degradation due to the mountainous topography (ζ4), access to internet connectivity (ζ6), the level of smart technology utilization (ζ7), and the concentration of active ICT businesses in the region (ζ8). The current paper show that ζ9 is dependent of other indices too, respectively the interaction with the intensity of geomagnetic storms or weather shortcomings (ζ5).The paper presents a specific map of the mountain peaks from the European area, highlighting the importance of the altitude in applying the precision agriculture index.The paper is a review of the articles Covaci, B., & Covaci, M. (2023). Mountain Index Business Model Nexus Internet of Things Development and Sustainability. J. Mountain Res. Vol. 18(2), 191-205 (https://doi.org/10.51220/jmr.v18i2.21) and Covaci, B., & Covaci, M. (2023). Systemic Practice in the Business Mountain Models nexus Internet of Things, Research Square (https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2682687/v1).
Intermetallides and Solid Solutions Co75Me25 (Me: Si, Fe, Cr) as Catalysts for the Electrochemical Reaction of Nitrate Conversion to Ammonia
Authors: Kuznetsova Irina , Kultin Dmitry , Lebedeva Olga , Nesterenko Sergey , Murashova Elena V. , Kustov Leonid M.
Published: January 2025

A sustainable reaction of electrocatalytic nitrate conversion in ammonia production (NO3RR) occurring under ambient conditions is currently of prime interest, as well as urgent research due to the real potential replacement of the environmentally unfavorable Haber-Bosch process. Herein, a series of electrocatalysts based on two-component cobalt alloys was synthesized using low-cost non-noble metals Co, Fe, Cr and also Si. The samples of electrocatalysts were characterized and studied by the following methods: SEM, EDX, XRD (both transmission and reflection), UV-vis spectroscopy, optical microscopy, linear (and cyclic) voltammetry, chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Beyond that, the determination of electrochemically active surface area was also carried out for all samples of electrocatalysts. Unexpectedly, the sample having an intermetallic compound (IMC) of the composition Co2Si turned out to be the most highly effective. The highest Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 80.8% at E = -0.585 V (RHE) and an ammonia yield rate of 22.3 µmol h-1 cm 2 at E = 0.685 V (RHE) indicate the progressive role of IMC as the main active component of the electrocatalyst. Thus, this study demonstrates the promise and enormous potential of IMC as the main component of highly efficient electrocatalysts for NO3RR. This work can serve primarily as a starting point for future studies of electrocatalytic conversion reactions in the production of ammonia using IMC catalysts containing non-noble metals.