bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intermediate-line Emission in AGNs: The Effect of Prescription of the Gas Density
Authors: Adhikari T. P. , Hryniewicz K. , Różańska A. , Czerny B. , Ferland G. J.
Published: March 2018

The requirement of an intermediate-line component in the recently observed spectra of several active galactic nuclei (AGNs) points to the possible existence of a physically separate region between the broad-line region (BLR) and narrow-line region (NLR). In this paper we explore the emission from the intermediate-line region (ILR) by using photoionization simulations of the gas clouds distributed radially from the center of the AGN. The gas clouds span distances typical for the BLR, ILR, and NLR, and the appearance of dust at the sublimation radius is fully taken into account in our model. The structure of a single cloud is calculated under the assumption of constant pressure. We show that the slope of the power-law radial profile of the cloud density does not affect the existence of the ILR in major types of AGNs. We found that the low-ionization iron line, Fe ii, appears to be highly sensitive to the presence of dust and therefore becomes a potential tracer of dust content in line-emitting regions. We show that the use of a disk-like cloud density profile computed for the upper part of the atmosphere of the accretion disk reproduces the observed properties of the line emissivities. In particular, the distance of the Hβ line inferred from our model agrees with that obtained from reverberation mapping studies in the Sy1 galaxy NGC 5548.
Ugandaltica gen. n., a tiny flea beetle from the forest canopy in Central Africa (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini)
Authors: D’Alessandro Paola , Biondi Maurizio
Published: March 2018

In this contribution,Ugandalticawagnerigen. n.andsp. n., collected from the canopies in the Budongo Forest, Uganda, is described. Similarities and affinities with other small-sized and convex-shaped flea beetle genera, occurring in the Afrotropical region, are discussed. Micrographs of diagnostic characters, including male and female genitalia, are supplied. Finally, some considerations on the ecology of canopy flea beetles are also reported.
Trajectoires des patients âgés en fin de soins actifs
Authors: Zubieta Lourdes , Hébert Réjean , Raîche Michel
Published: March 2018

Introduction : Examiner les trajectoires des personnes de 65 ans et plus en fin de soins actifs (FDSA) aux deux hôpitaux de Sherbrooke, QC par leurs transitions après leur sortie de l’hôpital. Méthodes : Trois bases de données ont été jumelées : hospitalisations, visites à l’urgence et hébergements. La période d’étude est de janvier 2011 à décembre 2015. L’étude inclut seulement les personnes en FDSA. L’analyse statistique fut réalisée avec le logiciel SPSS. Résultats : Le quart des personnes en FDSA ont attendu moins de sept jours et 74 % moins de trois semaines. Dans 64,9 % des cas, les personnes furent transférées en service de longue durée, 15,2 % sont retournés à leur domicile ou à une résidence privée et 15,9 % ont été orientées vers une ressource intermédiaire. Suite à leur sortie, la moitié des personnes ont déménagé vers un autre milieu, surtout celles à domicile ou dans une résidence. Les jours-présence en FDSA ont représenté 1 % des jours possibles et moins de 2 % des lits dans 86,4 % des jours. Seules 12 % des personnes sont retournées à l’hôpital dans les 90 jours suivant leur sortie. Conclusions : L’occupation de lits d’hôpital par des personnes FDSA ne semble pas compromettre la capacité de l’hôpital. Les 12 % de retours en moins de 90 jours confirment une bonne orientation de la majorité de ces personnes. Nos résultats suggèrent une bonne gestion des transferts et une offre adéquate d’hébergement et des services à domicile.
Is Malaysia Ready for the Fourth Industrial Revolution?
Authors: Maavak Mathew , Ariffin Aini Suzana
Published: March 2018

Malaysia intends to ride on the crest of the coming i.4.0 wave. According to the 2016 GE Global Innovation Barometer study, a significant number of Malaysian executives felt positive about embracing i4.0 vis-a-vis their global peers. On the surface, Malaysia appears ready for its own i4.0 revolution. According to the WEF's Networked Readiness Index on digital readiness, Malaysia was ranked 6th in terms of having the most tech-savvy government in the world. The automotive sector is ideally suited to kickstart the i4.0 revolution as it was traditionally regarded as the “industry of industries” – particularly due to its traditional role in spearheading wider, cross-sectoral industrialisation. However, Malaysia is not yet ready to embrace the 4th Industrial Revolution. This chapter discusses the obstacles, challenges, and opportunities facing i4.0 uptake in the Malaysian automotive industry. It ends by recommending a unique pathway for i4.0 adoption in the sector.
Incorporating Industry 4.0 in Corporate Strategy
Authors: Agrawal Anirudh , Schaefer Sebastian , Funke Thomas
Published: March 2018

Knowledge tells us that increase in productivity decreases margins in a competitive market and increases margins in a growing market. Not much is known about Industry 4.0 and its position within the corporate strategy and its possible impact on corporate performance. This chapter discusses the position of Industry 4.0 within the corporate strategy and how it may impact corporate performance. The main points include that corporates have to reflect on their core resources, leadership, and knowledge portfolio to take advantage of the Industry 4.0 platform. The corporates engaging in cost and volume strategies and those engaging in fast new product development strategies may benefit greatly with Industry 4.0. The services of Industry 4.0 may be outsourced but with added risks. Finally, the increased productivity with Industry 4.0 under constraint market growth may lead to the potential risk of market failure and large-scale layoffs.
Towards a Framework for Assessing the Maturity of Manufacturing Companies in Industry 4.0 Adoption
Authors: Scremin Luca , Armellini Fabiano , Brun Alessandro , Solar-Pelletier Laurence , Beaudry Catherine
Published: March 2018

The recent introduction of new disruptive technologies aimed at monitoring, controlling, optimizing, and automating production systems is shifting the manufacturing landscape towards a fourth industrial revolution. In this new industrial paradigm, manufacturing companies face complex challenges requiring the development of new organizational and technological capabilities. With this context in mind, this chapter is intended to provide a maturity assessment framework to understand the transformation process in manufacturing companies transitioning to Industry 4.0. The proposed framework is applied to 10 in-depth industrial case studies in Canada and Italy, two countries with increasing awareness of the Industry 4.0 revolution. A comparative case analysis revealed four different standards, or archetypes, for Industry 4.0 adoption, which are discussed and analyzed, highlighting a relationship between a company's manufacturing configuration and its path towards Industry 4.0 adoption.
Siemens' Customer Value Proposition for the Migration of Legacy Devices to Cyber-Physical Systems in Industrie 4.0
Authors: Cozmiuc Diana Claudia , Petrisor Ioan I.
Published: March 2018

Industry is transforming from Industrie 3.0, automation, to Industrie 4.0, digitalization. Siemens intends to be a key player in Industrie 4.0, whose customer value proposition will shape manufacturing industries at customers. This chapter analyzes Siemens' customer value proposition for cyber-physical systems as manufacturing equipment and products in terms of this technology's impact on value. The goal is to identify concrete value drivers which cyber-physical systems technology in Industrie 4.0 brings. The statements about these value drivers belong to Siemens and are compared to operations' management literature. Cyber-physical systems negotiating as peer-to-peer in Industrie 4.0 will bring a new level of complexity. Manufacturing complexity builds complex products. Cyber-physical systems peer-to-peer negotiation decides manufacturing scheduling and brings unprecedented levels of complexity and flexibility. Manufacturing complexity enables new business models, one of which is mass customization.
The Eurasian Economic Union in the Context of Transformation of the International Trade System
Authors: Lagutina Maria
Published: March 2018

The EEU was created to strengthen the national economies and capabilities of the member states in global economy by creating the so-called “four freedoms”: the free movement of goods, services, capital, and persons. At this stage, the EEU is involved in the creation of free trade zones with countries outside the borders of the Eurasian post-Soviet space that was a reaction of the Eurasian Economic Union on new trends in international trade and the crisis of the WTO. The aim of this chapter is to analyze the internal and external contours of the Eurasian integration in economic and trade cooperation. The first part is devoted to analyzing of the historical background of the EEU creation. The second part evaluates the economic cooperation among the EEU countries. In the third part, the author focuses on the crisis of the WTO and new tendencies in international trade cooperation. And the final part examines the prospects of creation of free-trades zones between the EEU states and other countries.
Trade Competitiveness in Developing Countries
Authors: Karamollaoğlu Nazlı
Published: March 2018

This chapter explores the various dimensions of trade competitiveness in developing countries. After discussing various definitions of competitiveness, the importance of trade competitiveness is discussed in the context of developing countries with reference to the existing literature. Subsequently, major constraints that affect trade competitiveness, particularly macroeconomic conditions, institutional and business environments, and infrastructure, are discussed. Finally, recent empirical findings on trade competitiveness are summarized.
The Status of Foreign Trades Under Globalization in Developing and Developed Countries With Turkey
Authors: Güleç Nurullah , Öztürk Cihat , Efendioğlu Deniz
Published: March 2018

In Turkey, the volume of foreign trade, which was very small in the first years of the republic, raised due to the increasing population and the reviving economy. Imports and exports for Turkey, the proportion of equipment, investment goods, and raw materials that would have been used for industrialization has increased. Another type of trade that is desired to be implemented in Turkey in recent years is free trade. The implementations for free trade also bring the question together with themselves. Does globalization always affect developing countries in a positive correlation with their economies? The data taken from KOF Index of Globalization from ETH Zurich are going to be used to see the relationship with the data coming from imports and exports. Then for all developing countries a classification study is done and the relation of developing countries and Turkey is examined. The purpose of the chapter is to examine the number of imports and exports due to globalization indexes to understand the real impact and the direction of globalization from the perspective of Turkey.
Relationship Between Non-Performing Loans, Industry, and Economic Growth of the African Economies and Policy Recommendations for Global Growth
Authors: Dinçer Hasan , Yuksel Serhat , Adalı Zafer
Published: March 2018

The main purpose of this chapter is to evaluate the causality relationship between non-performing loans, industry volume, and economic growth and to provide some policy recommendations for global growth. Within this context, annual data of 16 African countries for the periods between 2001 and 2015 was taken into the consideration. Additionally, Dumitrescu Hurlin panel causality test was used to reach the objective. According to the result of this analysis, it was identified that there is a causality relationship between industry volume and economic growth. In addition to this situation, it was also defined that a decrease in economic growth is the main cause of the non-performing loans ratio in African countries. This chapter makes an important contribution to the literature. While considering these results, it can be said that to increase global trade economies of the countries should be improved and banking sectors should work more effectively. As a result, it will be possible to increase the living standards of the people and provide global growth.
Analyzing the Impact of Oil Price Fluctuations on Vietnam Stock Market
Authors: Khai Huynh Viet , Sang Le Minh , Nguyet Phan Thi Anh
Published: March 2018

This chapter covers a study that was conducted to find out the impact of crude oil prices on the Vietnam stock market in the period from March 2006 to June 2015 by using the autoregressive-distributed lag (ARDL) model with dummy variables of the economic crisis. The results revealed that the crude oil prices had positive impacts on VN-Index and HNX-Index in short-run, but negatively in long-run. In addition, the study also found that the economic crisis has affected the relationship between the crude oil prices and the stock market index in the short-run. During the crisis period, the crude oil prices related to the VN-Index and HNX-index more closely than the other stages. However, in the long-run the relationship between oil prices and stock market index was not affected by the economic crisis.
Mesh Refinement for LBM Simulations on Cartesian Meshes
Authors: Valero-Lara Pedro
Published: March 2018

The use of mesh refinement in CFD is an efficient and widely used methodology to minimize the computational cost by solving those regions of high geometrical complexity with a finer grid. The author focuses on studying two methods, one based on multi-domain and one based on irregular meshing, to deal with mesh refinement over LBM simulations. The numerical formulation is presented in detail. Two approaches, homogeneous GPU and heterogeneous CPU+GPU, on each of the refinement methods are studied. Obviously, the use of the two architectures, CPU and GPU, to compute the same problem involves more important challenges with respect to the homogeneous counterpart. These strategies are described in detail paying particular attention to the differences among both methodologies in terms of programmability, memory management, and performance.
Large Eddy Simulation Turbulence Model Applied to the Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Zabala Iñaki , Blanco Jesús M.
Published: March 2018

The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is a novel approach for simulating convection-diffusion problems. It can be easily parallelized and hence can be used to simulate fluid flow in multi-core computers using parallel computing. LES (large eddy simulation) is widely used in simulating turbulent flows because of its lower computational needs compared to others such as direct numerical simulation (DNS), where the Kolmogorov scales need to be solved. The aim of this chapter consists of introducing the reader to the treatment of turbulence in fluid dynamics through an LES approach applied to LBM. This allows increasing the robustness of LBM with lower computational costs without increasing the mesh density in a prohibitive way. It is applied to a standard D2Q9 structure using a unified formulation.
Secure Access to Biomedical Images
Authors: Javid Tariq
Published: March 2018

This chapter introduces a framework for secure access to biomedical images. Biomedical images are acquired using a vast array of imaging techniques depending upon the specific application. A magnetic resonance spatial domain image is acquired by taking inverse weighted Fourier transform of raw frequency domain data generated by the modality. After correction, these images are stored in a standard format. The access to these stored images is typically subjected to authorization. Medical information in biomedical images needs to be protected in both stored form and in transmission. Encryption technologies are used to secure information whereas compression technologies are used to reduce the information without affecting the contents. In this chapter, a cryptocompression system is proposed which integrates both encryption and compression to fulfill the requirements of electronic protected health information records.
UWDBCSN Analysis During Node Replication Attack in WSN
Authors: Kaur Harpreet , Saxena Sharad
Published: March 2018

Wireless sensor network is an emerging area in which multiple sensor nodes are present to perform many real-time applications like military application, industrialized automation, health monitoring, weather forecast, etc. Sensor nodes can be organized into a group which is led by a cluster head; this concept is known as clustering. Clustering of wireless sensor network is used when sensor nodes want to communicate simultaneously in a single network. The author organizes the sensor nodes by applying UWDBCSN (underwater density-based clustering sensor network) clustering approach in which routing of the packets is controlled by cluster head. The author also considers the security of sensor nodes which are harmful to different types of mischievous attacks like wormhole attack, denial of service attack, replication or cloning attack, blackhole attack, etc. Node replication is one of the types in which an attacker tries to capture the node and generate the replica or clone of that node in the same network. So, this chapter describes how to deal with these types of attacks. The author used the intrusion detection process to deal with this type of attack. All the detection procedure is combined with sleep/wake scheduling algorithm to increase the performance of sensor nodes in the network.
Microsurgical Nuances in the Management of Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Rennert Robert C. , Steinberg Jeffrey A. , Kang Keiko M. , Wali Arvin R. , Santiago-Dieppa David R. , Pannell Jeffrey Scott , Alksne John F. , Khalessi Alexander A.
Published: March 2018

Microvascular decompression (MVD) is a highly effective surgical treatment for patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) caused by arterial compression. In cases of TN without arterial compression of the nerve, however, a variety of other surgical treatments can be effective for pain relief including neurolysis, nerve section, and placement of a tentorial sling. In this chapter, the authors discuss the nuances of surgical interventions for TN outside of standard MVDs. They also explore recent innovations in MVD surgery for TN.
Radiosurgery for Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Vyas Daivik B. , Kim Lily H. , Ho Allen , Sussman Eric S. , Pendharkar Arjun V. , Chang Steven
Published: March 2018

Trigeminal neuralgia is a debilitating neuropathic condition characterized by recurrent paroxysms of shock-like pain across the distribution of the trigeminal nerve, often brought on by innocuous stimuli. Available therapies presently include symptomatic management using anti-convulsant drugs and invasive surgical procedures to target the pathogenic drivers of disease or ablate the trigeminal nerve. Radiosurgery is a treatment modality that offers a minimally invasive, low-risk alternative that has promising clinical utility in the management of refractory trigeminal neuralgia. Radiosurgical approaches like Gamma Knife (GKS) and Cyberknife (CK) utilize image-guided, algorithm-defined dose contouring to disrupt pathogenic pain signaling by delivering targeted amounts of radiation along different points on the trigeminal nerve. This chapter reviews the structure of radiotherapy paradigms, treatment protocol, major outcomes, associated risks, relative clinical utility, and areas of further research that underlie the use of CK and GKS in managing trigeminal neuralgia.
A Software Engineering Perspective for Development of Enterprise Applications
Authors: Sah Anushree , Bhadula Shuchi Juyal , Dumka Ankur , Rawat Saurabh
Published: March 2018

Enterprise applications are the DNA of any organization, and they hold the business logic, handle large amount of data, support multiprogramming, are easily maintainable, scalable, have high performance and are able to choreograph or orchestrate modules, and are fortified from attacks and vulnerabilities. These enterprise applications are the backbone of any organization and enhance the productivity and efficiency of the organization to a greater extent, thus ensuring the continuity in the business. So, after seeing the need and development of enterprise application, in this chapter, the authors present the idea of developing and discussing enterprise applications.
UX Challenges and Best Practices in Designing Web and Mobile Solutions
Authors: Almeida Fernando , Monteiro José Augusto
Published: March 2018

The design of web and mobile applications is one of the most challenging fields of the current information technology landscape. Increasingly, companies intend to have a strong presence in the information society, which allows them to advertise their products, services, make online business, interact with customers, among others. However, the development and design of web and mobile solutions have numerous challenges and best practices that should be known and applied. In this chapter, the authors adopt a qualitative methodology based on multiple case studies that allow them to identify a total of six challenges and best practices that are later confronted and compared with the recent findings on the coverage of the topic.
Improve Home Energy Management System by Extracting Usage Patterns From Power Usage Big Data of Homes' Appliances
Authors: Honarvar Ali Reza , Sami Ashkan
Published: March 2018

Many researchers have focused on the reduction of electricity usage in residences because it is a significant contributor of CO2 and greenhouse gases emissions. However, electricity conservation is a tedious task for residential users due to the lack of detailed electricity usage. Home energy management systems (HEMS) are schedulers that schedule and shift demands to improve the energy consumption on behalf of a consumer based on demand response. In this chapter, valuable sequence patterns from real appliances' usage datasets are extracted in peak time and off-peak time of weekdays and weekends to get valuable insight that is applicable in the HEMS. Generated data in smart cities and smart homes are placed in the category of big data. Therefore, to extract valuable information from such data an architecture for the home and city data processing system is proposed, which considers the multi-source smart cities and homes' data and big data processing platforms.
Educational Activity Suggestion System of Children With Pervasive Developmental Disorder for Guiding Education and Training Staff Activities
Authors: Ertuğrul Duygu Çelik , Elçi Atilla
Published: March 2018

Individuals with pervasive developmental disorders should be supported with special education programs that are planned according to the type and degree of the disorder, age, characteristics, and needs of the individual. Search over internet resources may provide suitable educational material and methods (and associated activity/game). However, syntactic search in today's static-based internet is insufficient to offer desired relevant results. An intelligent system able to identify the needed educational methods and material with the help of semantic web-based agents will not only contribute to the development of individuals with disorders, and support education specialists in this process, but also be extremely useful for the families of these individuals in assisting and monitoring their child's developmental progress. In this chapter, an agent-based educational activity suggestion system of children with pervasive developmental disorder for guiding education and training staff activities is proposed.
New Perspectives on Sustainable Healthcare Delivery Through Web of Things
Authors: Turcu Cristina Elena , Turcu Corneliu Octavian
Published: March 2018

This chapter focuses on examining the adoption of the web of things paradigm in healthcare in order to facilitate the development of new web-based systems in more effective and efficient ways. Nowadays, the increasing number of personal health sensors and medical devices present the opportunity for healthcare providers to interact with patients in entirely new ways. In this context, the WoT paradigm could be closely linked to patient care and has the potential to generate changes in healthcare. WoT could also be applied in the social and insurance fields, etc. The social web of things (SWoT) further extends WoT in order to facilitate continued interaction between physical devices and humans, allowing the integration of smart objects with social networks. Although it opens new social possibilities, it was less applied in the delivery of healthcare. Nevertheless, its successful adoption depends on overcoming some open challenges.
A (Critical) Distance
Authors: Howard Laura
Published: March 2018

The increase in demand for higher education has resulted in a surge of online courses and degree programs across the US and worldwide. Calls for open access learning options and more cost-effective higher educational opportunities have contributed to this rapid increase, especially in the form of Massive Open Online Courses, or MOOCs. For educators and scholars, the evolution of MOOCs and the enthusiastic rhetoric surrounding them necessitates a critical examination. One such area for examination is the relationship between MOOCs and the contingent faculty crisis, especially how the evolution of MOOCs could hurt or help online contingent faculty. Arguably, the concept of the MOOC as a mode of delivery may present opportunities to subvert instructional delivery methods and other elements of the online distance learning status quo that create challenges for contingent faculty online. Ultimately, this chapter offers insight into the issues faced by part-time instructors teaching online, especially in terms of the material realities of the work they do and how their experience is distinct from that of the face-to-face (f2f) contingent instructor. Important to this discussion is how a shift in our conception of MOOCs as an instructional approach may offer new perspectives for online contingent labor in higher education. Overall, the goal of this work is to raise awareness and to advance scholarly discussion of this topic, understanding MOOCs as one potential site of resistance and change.
Creating a Culture of Engagement
Authors: Becker Katherine Erdman
Published: March 2018

Many online faculty members pattern their teaching after traditional models of face-to-face instruction. However, these models fail to support meaningful content delivery and interaction in today's online classroom. This chapter discusses faculty development efforts that serve to cultivate effective online teaching practices. Presenting the communication processes and technical skills necessary to create social presence in online and hybrid courses, the chapter equips both novice and experienced instructors with the tools required to redesign traditional courses for online delivery, to deliver quality instruction, and to promote strong interaction. Teaching strategies and adult learning theory are explored. The appropriate use of technology to achieve desired student learning outcomes is also discussed. In addition, instructors' concerns and attitudes towards the implementation of social presence strategies in online learning are examined.
Metacognitive Strategies in Higher Education
Authors: Nina Birnaz , Nadejda Butnari
Published: March 2018

Technologies of the 21st century have brought about a new crisis of significance, which is determined by materialism, expedient attitude, narrowness generated by the self-centeredness, lack of sense and poverty of commitments. This state of affairs is also characteristic for the contemporary Higher Education, which is going through a decisive stage when it has to rethink the communication schemes methodologies as well as the spiritual interaction of intelligence. Didactic processes are re-directed towards more interactive communication, learning spaces and metacognitive strategies. University teachers, as the servant leaders of the successful education, have a special responsibility to develop competence for learning to learn and for social integration through a profession. Thus, the academics have a specific mission to demonstrate not only the deep knowledge, but also the spiritual intelligence. This chapter provides a novel model of spiritual intelligence raining of the Academic Staff. Conclusions and future research directions are provided at the end.
Evaluating a Professional Development Program for Course Redesign With Technology
Authors: Bernal Elaine V. , Farmer Lesley S. J.
Published: March 2018

This study evaluated a California State University Course Redesign Professional Development program, focusing on the user experience of STEM faculty as they learned about technology and applied their learning to develop technology-enriched instructional strategies that enhanced students' own educational experiences. Data were collected from the first two academic years of the professional development program. A conceptual framework that melded andragogy, Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge (TPACK), Diffusion of Innovation, and Communities of Practice theories were used to analyze archived professional development training content and faculty-produced electronic portfolios. The findings demonstrate that faculty collaborative processes in the online training and in site-based collaborative efforts were the main aspect of the course redesign program that facilitated technology integration, instructional development, and positive student learning outcomes.
Interprofessional Education
Authors: Moote Rebecca
Published: March 2018

Interprofessional education (IPE) is recognized as an important component in the education of healthcare students. The goal of bringing students together to learn with, from, and about each other is to ultimately impact collaborative practice and improve patient care. Over the last 20 years there has been increased focus on the design and implementation of IPE experiences. Several IPE collaborative organizations and IPE centers have been formed to provide evidence-based recommendations and guidelines. Strategies have been created for designing and implementing high quality IPE activities, developing faculty in IPE, overcoming student stereotypes, determining assessment strategies, and identifying barriers to IPE. This chapter will focus on each of these elements and provide specific recommendations on how to create and implement IPE that improves student learning.
Supporting Pre-Service Teachers' Understanding and Use of Mobile Devices
Authors: Maher Damian
Published: March 2018

The use of mobile devices to support learning is increasing in schools and universities. This increase is having an impact on the types of pedagogies that are supporting learning. This chapter explores the use of mobile devices to support pre-service teachers' professional learning. A constructivist framework is used as a critical lens in conjunction with Howland, Jonassen and Marra's (2012) ‘meaningful learning' framework. Additionally, the notions of teacher training about and with mobile learning as described by Baran (2014) are drawn upon to help in understanding the field. The chapter begins with an exploration on-campus learning followed by learning in schools and finally, aspects of on-line learning.
Online Learning Trajectory for Knowledge-Building Communities to Reframe Inservice Teachers' TPACK
Authors: Niess Margaret L.
Published: March 2018

Knowledge-building communities facilitate learning through collaborative explorations and investigations using today's technologies as learning tools. Such communities support teachers in developing their Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (or TPACK) so they are able to rearrange educational experiences using a systems pedagogical approach for engaging students in communication, collaboration and inquiry-oriented technologies. A current educational setting for reframing inservice teachers' knowledge involves online instruction. A researcher conjectured, empirically supported online TPACK learning trajectory provides guidelines for teacher educators as they design new online coursework for guiding teachers in enhancing their TPACK. Using a design-based research methodology, a social metacognitive constructivist instructional lens frames this online learning trajectory for organizing the course content development by interweaving descriptive tasks with specific pedagogical strategies towards reframing inservice teachers' knowledge through knowledge-building communities. The resulting trajectory describes a dynamic interaction of key tools and instructional processes for scaffolding the content towards an enhanced TPACK understanding.
An Algebra Teacher's Instructional Decision-Making Process With GeoGebra
Authors: Felger Jacob , Shafer Kathryn G.
Published: March 2018

This chapter shares results of a classroom-based action research study on instructional decision-making when teaching a unit on linear functions with GeoGebra, a dynamic algebra environment. The TPACK / Student Knowledge Matrix developed by provided a structure for unit planning and lesson development. The matrix combines the three categories of teacher knowledge – technological, pedagogical, and content – with four levels of student knowledge – declarative, procedural, schematic, and strategic. While implementing the four-week unit, the algebra teacher used multiple data sources to document day-to-day decision-making. Data analysis revealed decisions were guided by the need to improve clarity, to increase interactivity, to highlight connections between representations, and to use GeoGebra as a tool to increase understanding. Throughout the unit, GeoGebra became a tool for computation, transformation, data collection and analysis, and error checking.
Social Media and Use of Technology in Higher Education
Authors: Kumi-Yeboah Alex , Blankson Herbert
Published: March 2018

Social media has, in the past decade, transformed the way students and faculty communicate in the teaching and learning process. The teaching and learning process in higher education is currently experiencing a technological revolution. This is mainly because social media is presently used as a tool by faculty and administrators to communicate with students inside and outside of the classroom. In this chapter, descriptive statistics are used to analyze secondary data on the trend of faculty use of social media by discipline, demographics, and number of years. It also analyzes the use of social media sites, barriers to the use of social media sites, as well as faculty use of social media in higher education. Results show that less than 50% of faculty use social media for instruction. Overall, younger faculty (under 35 years) report the use of SMT 55.7% more than older faculty (55 and above years). Faculty in Arts and Humanities indicate a higher use of social media than all disciplines. There is a strong correlation between faculty use of social media for professional and pedagogical purposes. The majority of faculty use SMT more often for personal reasons than instructional purposes. Results indicate that there is a high faculty awareness of social media use in higher education in recent years, and issues of privacy and integrity of online student submissions emerge as barriers to faculty use of social media.
Evaluating Teacher Education Programs for Philology Students
Authors: Presadă Diana , Badea Mihaela
Published: March 2018

The chapter will deal with the process of training philology students for their future careers as language and literature teachers in the compulsory education system of Romania. Based on the concurrent model, their training implies studying at the same time for the Bachelor's and Master's degree and a teaching qualification. An analysis of the transformations undergone by Romanian teacher training education in the last twenty years may enable an exchange of opinions among the researchers concerned with the improvement of the field. The chapter will offer a chronological analysis of the process of training philology undergraduate and graduate students paying particular attention to the creation and development of new programs at academic level.
Developing Teacher Knowledge About Gamification as an Instructional Strategy
Authors: Figg Candace , Jaipal-Jamani Kamini
Published: March 2018

There is a need for teachers and higher education faculty to develop knowledge about instructional strategies that engage digital learners and accommodate digital learning preferences in order to deliver instruction that digital learners perceive as relevant. This chapter discusses how gamification can be used in higher education as an instructional strategy to meet the needs of the digital learner. Findings from a design-based research study of how gamification was used in a Teacher Education technology methods course, to engage pre-service teachers in activities that develop Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) (knowledge about teaching with technology) (Mishra & Koehler, 2006), are discussed. The findings provide guidance for teachers and technology educators on how to design courses incorporating gamification as an instructional strategy appropriate for meeting the needs of digital learners. Issues concerning design and implementation as it influenced student engagement and learning are highlighted, and recommendations are made for course development.
E-Learning and Faculty Development in Higher Education
Authors: Gallagher-Lepak Susan , Vandenhouten Christine
Published: March 2018

Growth of online higher education and advances in technology justify and encourage new models of faculty development related to e-learning. This chapter describes a multi-campus faculty development program using distance technology, a Community Of Practice (COP) model, and an e-learning framework. The Flexible Framework for E-Learning by Khan (2005) guided planning and implementation of the faculty development program. A variety of strategies were used to deliver the faculty development program including use of campus-based site leaders, participating scholars, monthly videoconferences, a faculty development handbook, hands-on use of new e-learning technologies, and a year-end conference. The program also included an evaluation of the interface design of courses used in a collaborative online nursing program with findings reported to faculty. Along with strategies used, barriers and evaluation of the multi-campus faculty development model are presented so that the faculty development model can be replicated across other universities and disciplines.
University Reading and Mathematics Clinics in the Digital Age
Authors: Vasinda Sheri , Kander Faryl , Redmond-Sanogo Adrienne
Published: March 2018

This chapter discusses the findings of an exploration to integrate iPads in a university reading and mathematics clinic impacting three groups of learners: preservice teachers enrolled in reading and mathematics practicums, the K-8 community students served by the clinic, and the teacher educators. The TPACK model was used as a conceptual framework for teacher educators to engage and support preservice teachers in a technology rich learning environment designed to enhance their literacy and mathematics content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, and technology knowledge, and the complex intersections between each. The teacher educators expected their mostly digital native preservice teachers to recognize technology affordances and technology integration opportunities when provided content knowledge and pedagogical support. Although the K-8 tutees were engaged at high-levels, faculty's assumption of the digital native preservice teacher was disrupted. Teacher educators discovered that digital natives still need support in developing technological knowledge in an educational setting.
A Case Study of Transformational Teaching Experiences of Higher Education Faculty in the United States
Authors: Kumi-Yeboah Alex
Published: March 2018

This chapter is a study of teacher experience amongst higher education faculty in the United States, drawing on a theoretical framework shaped by Mezirow's transformative learning theory, which first emerged in the late 1970s and has seen subsequent adaptations. Mixed-method research was used to analyze data on the transformational teaching experiences of faculty and examine the narratives of teacher experience based on this transformative learning theory framework. Data collected from 90 higher education faculty members were analyzed with regard to their transformational teaching experiences. Results indicate that the majority of faculty experienced transformational teaching. Mentoring, dialogue, critical reflection, personal reflection, scholarship, and research emerged as the educational factors shaping these experiences while relocation or movement, life changes, and other cultural influences were revealed as the non-educational factors. In addition to this, the chapter entails discussion of the theoretical framework of transformative learning as it applies to this research.
Management Andragogies
Authors: Tandon Soma Kamal
Published: March 2018

In an attempt to find out the teaching methods currently in use in Indian B-schools and to assess the response to the concept of using literature as a Management teaching too, a survey was conducted among Indian B-school faculty. The aim of the survey was to find out the teaching methods used by B-school faculty members, the types of constructive, co-operative and Art & Literature methods used; the response to using literature as a Management teaching tool and the issues envisaged in using literature as a Management teaching tool. Based on the inputs from interactions with B-school faculty from Mumbai (India) and review of related literature such as research articles and case studies, a suitable research tool (questionnaire) was constructed in Google docs. Qualitative analysis was done on the data collected on the basis of teaching experience and subject taught. The chapter will demonstrate the analysis done and the findings thereof.
Faculty Development for Clinical Educators
Authors: Olivares Silvia Lizett Olivares , Cabrera Mildred Vanessa López , Segura Martha Ruth Loyola , García Jorge Eugenio Valdez
Published: March 2018

Since the Flexner report in the 20th century, teaching and learning process has evolved through: science learning, problem based learning, competency based learning and perspective learning. This evolution provides a consensus that educators need to develop competencies in their students to prepare them for an uncertain future. Competency refers not only to core knowledge or instrumental skills, but to interpersonal and systemic abilities required for lifelong learning. This transformation requires changes in both the educational model and faculty development programs. Previous research and proposals have defined important qualities and attributes; for clinical educators. The Faculty Development program presented here has been assessed with a mixed multiphase approach for continuous improvement process: 1) assessment of proposal, 2) assessment of implementation, 3) assessment of faculty experiences and 4) institutionalization of program. Results from this experience are presented, as well as other further challenges on this initiative.
A Comparison of Saudi and United States Faculty Use of Information and Communication Technology Tools
Authors: Bangert Art W. , Alshahri Mabark Fayaz
Published: March 2018

Research related to differences in how Saudi and US faculty use Information and Technology Communication (ICT) tools is discussed as well as their perceptions of ICT applications and ICT use. Saudi faculty from six universities in KSA and US faculty from five US universities completed a questionnaire designed to identify the ICT tools most frequently used and their perceptions toward the use of these tools. In addition, a path analysis based on Davis's (1993) Technology Acceptance Model was conducted to investigate the relationships between faculty attitudes toward ICT applications and actual ICT use. Findings from this study suggest that both Saudi faculty social media most often while US faculty use productivity tools more often. Both Saudi and US faculty and would benefit from training in the use of these applications for use within a Learning Management System.
The Global Scholar
Authors: Lu Mei-Yan , Miller Michael T. , Newman Richard E.
Published: March 2018

This chapter addresses the challenges associated with college faculty members crossing international borders to be employed by higher education institutions. This process includes challenges associated with the technical aspects of recruiting and hiring faculty members of different nationalities and then the subsequent challenges of understanding cultural dynamics in the classroom and how faculty members can be prepared to deal with these cultural differences. The chapter includes a practical analysis of these issues and concludes with recommendations for the stronger institutional integration of transnational faculty to higher education institutions.
Faculty Development Needs for Distance Education
Authors: Saylor Anne
Published: March 2018

This report presents the results of a review that looked at what college resources are needed to support an online environment and how a small liberal arts college can prepare faculty for a shift in pedagogy is one of today's major issues, when using a Learning Management System (LMS) to teach. A literature review was done to review the ideas of what college resources are needed to support an online learning environment in Higher Education and the implications for faculty development in a small liberal arts college. The main themes surveyed were faculty and the support needed to move a classroom instructor to an online instructor. The research focused on how constructivist learning could support faculty development.
The Influence of Professional Development on Primary Teachers' TPACK and Use of Formative Assessment
Authors: Polly Drew , Martin Christie , Wang Chuang , Lambert Richard G. , Pugalee David K. , Middleton Catharina W.
Published: March 2018

Formative assessment continues to be heralded as a high-leverage teaching practice that has empirical links to student achievement. This chapter describes the design and influences of a year-long professional development project focused on supporting primary grades teachers' with formative assessment skills in mathematics. The professional development was a blended format that included face-to-face workshops as well as classroom-based activities that were presented and facilitated through an online asynchronous format. Findings from the study indicated that teachers' enacted evidence of various aspects of TPACK, but there was variance in terms of how teachers implemented pedagogies. Implications for the design of professional development focused on formative assessment include the need to situate teachers' learning in their classroom, and provide ongoing multiple modes of support to help teachers enact formative assessment practices.