bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heating Greenhouses in Northern Climates with Power Plant Reject Heat
Authors: Ashley Gary C.
Published: September 2022

Since 1970, Northern States Power Company (NSP) has been investigating beneficial uses of the heat energy available in condenser cooling water at electric generating plants. The concept of utilizing condenser cooling water for agricultural heating applications proposed initially by researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in the late 1960’s was of particular interest to NSP, since new generating plants were then in the planning stages that would utilize closed-cycle cooling systems. Close-cycle cooling system designs result in condenser outlet water temperatures of generally not less than 85° F during the winter heating season. With this knowledge, Northern States Power Company approached the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station and requested their assistance to determine the best potential application for utilizing condenser cooling waters in agricultural applications. After extensive investigation into the field of waste heat utilization and several visits to waste heat related projects, the University of Minnesota advised that the concept of utilizing this waste heat for greenhouse heating appeared to have near-term potential.
An Anomaly of the Calyx End of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apple Fruits Associated with Fluoride Exposure1
Authors: Seeley Earl J.
Published: September 2022

Abnormal development of the calyx end of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) results in roundish-oblate fruit with rudimentary calyx lobes in a flattened basin. Persistent symptoms were caused by holding fruits at −1 to −2°C for 15 min, 21 days after full bloom or by dipping fruit in aqueous NaF solutions. Dipping fruit in 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or fumigating with HF produced typical foliage symptoms but did not affect fruit development.
Fluidized Bed Material as a Calcium Source for Apples1
Authors: Korcak R. F.
Published: September 2022

Fluidized bed material (FBM), a dry, high-Ca, alkaline waste product from the combustion of coal and limestone, was used as the sole Ca source for ‘York Imperial’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) grown in outdoor sand cultures for one season. Leaf Ca tended to increase with increasing rates of FBM and flesh Ca was not significantly increased by FBM application, although incidence of cork spot tended to be reduced. The trees showed no visible symptoms of toxicity or altered nutritional levels from the FBM treatments.
Influence of Chilling on Electrolyte Leakage and Internal Conductivity of Peach Fruits1
Authors: Furmanski R. J. , Buescher R. W.
Published: September 2022

Electrolyte leakage from tissue discs and internal conductivity of intact fruit of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) were determined during storage at 1°C and after transferring to 21°. Both methods produced similar results, however, the method used for measuring internal conductivity was rapid, nondestructive, and seemed to be more sensitive. Electrolyte leakage remained fairly constant while internal conductivity tended to decline during 5 weeks of chilling. Electrolyte leakage and internal conductivity increased when fruits were transferred to 21°. At 21° fruits which had been chilled for 2 weeks had enhanced leakage while conductivity was enhanced in fruits chilled for 1 and 2 weeks. In fruits transferred to 21° after 3 or more weeks of chilling, leakage and internal conductance declined and woolliness was concomitantly detected. The binding of free ions appears to be closely associated with woolliness in peaches.
Effect of Ethephon on Color, Abscission, and Keeping Quality of ‘McFarlin’ Cranberry1
Authors: Shawa Azmi Y.
Published: September 2022

(2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) applied in 1975, and 1977, two weeks before harvest at the rate of 1.1 kg a.i./ha increased anthocyanin content. Treatments applied in 1976 did not affect color. All applications of ethephon increased CO2 production and percentage breakdown of ‘McFarlin’ cranberry fruit but pullforce, berry size, weight, acidity, and soluble solids were unaffected.
A Combination Fluid Drill and Dry Seed Planter for Vegetable Plot Research1
Authors: Spinks J. L. , Roth L. O. , Motes J. E.
Published: September 2022

Research involving fluid drilling, the metering and planting of germinated vegetable seeds suspended in a gellike fluid, has been underway for several years (1, 3). A hand-operated, ground-driven, combination fluid drill and dry seed planter for small plot work (Fig. 1) is currently being used as a result of a joint project of the Oklahoma State University Agricultural Engineering and Horticulture Departments. The design is similar to machines described by Lickorish and Darby (2) and by W. L. Albring3 incorporating both a fluid metering unit and a cone-type dry seed metering unit into a single light-weight machine to expedite the planting of dry and germinated seed plots using the same furrow opener. Ease of operation and adjustment was considered during the design along with reliability and durability. The machine can be quickly adjusted to apply fluid rates of 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 ml/m of row length and dry seed metering rates of 3, 6, 9, and 12 m of row length per cone revolution.
Controlling Brambles in Established Christmas Tree Plantations with Glyphosate1,2
Authors: Gouin Francis R.
Published: September 2022

Brambles (Rubus sp.) are a severe weed problem in Maryland Christmas tree plantations. They compete with the trees for water, nutrients, and light, obstruct tree shearing, mowing and harvesting operations and discourage customers from wandering through “Choose and Cut” plantings.
Polypropylene Shade Structures Increase Lepidoptera Control and Plant Quality of Chrysanthemums while Reducing the Need for Pesticides1
Authors: Schuster D. J. , Harbaugh B. K.
Published: September 2022

Chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. cv. Manatee Iceberg) were grown in plots in the open or under polypropylene 25% shade cloth covered structures and were either treated with pesticides or untreated. The number of stems damaged by lepidopterous larvae before harvest was reduced and chemical control efficiency increased by pest exclusion. Shade cloth improved flower quality ratings 41% and 26%, respectively. In a second experiment, plots grown as before were treated either weekly or on demand (when larval densities were >1/1.5 m2) for Lepidoptera control. Significantly fewer stems were damaged in enclosed plots with 2 insecticidal applications than with 11 applications in unenclosed plots. Shading improved flower quality ratings 29% and 22%, respectively, for plots treated weekly or on demand.
‘Mainstream’ Muskmelon1
Authors: Nugent Perry E. , Hoffman J. C. , Andrus C. F.
Published: September 2022

‘Mainstream’ is a high yielding, small-fruited muskmelon (cantaloupe), Cucumis melo L. weigh 1.1-1.4 kg, have good keeping quality, a pleasing sweet taste, and are high in Vitamin C. The plants are compact and resistant to powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht. ex Fr.) Poll.), downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. & Curt.) Rostow., and cucumber beetles (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber, Acalymma vittata (Fabricius), and Diabrotica balteata LeConte.
‘Freezegreen’ Southernpea1
Authors: Chambliss Oyette L.
Published: September 2022

‘Freezegreen’ southernpea, (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) has been released by the Auburn University Agricultural Experiment Station to fill a need in the processing industry for a cultivar which maintains its green seed color to maturity. ‘Freezegreen’ should have added consumer appeal because of a more uniformly green frozen pack and an enhanced green color.
‘Knight’ Garden Pea1
Authors: Marx G. A. , Provvidenti R. , Sandsted R.
Published: September 2022

‘Knight’ is a new garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) developed especially for fresh market and home garden use. It was released in 1978 by the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station. This dwarf, early, large-podded cultivar features a number of improvements over other cultivars in the same class such as ‘Progress No. 9’, ‘Greater Progress’, ‘Laxton’s Progress’.
The Institute for Horticultural Plant Breeding, Wageningen
Authors: Sparnaaij L. D.
Published: September 2022

The Institute for Horticultural Plant Breeding (IVT) in Wageningen is one of the 18 research institutes under the Research Division of the Netherlands Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. The IVT serves all branches of Dutch horticulture. Its activities are directed towards a continuous supply of improved cultivars to meet the ever-changing demands of growers and consumers. Its policy is to cooperate as much as possible with private breeders, concentrating on the more fundamental aspects of breeding and breeding research while leaving the creation and introduction of new cultivars to private breeders. Only for those crops that receive little or no attention from private breeders does the Institute work toward ready cultivars. This is the case for fruit trees, strawberries, and certain ornamental crops.
Use of the International System of Units in the Plant Sciences1
Authors: Savage M. J.
Published: September 2022

The International System (SI) of Units was first introduced nearly two decades ago. Recently, however, units and terms used in the plant sciences have been reviewed in the light of this system (3, 11, 14, 18, 19, 20). While the changes will take time to become fully accepted (18) it is incumbent on researchers to spend time getting to know the SI units. I hope that this paper will provide an impetus for a formal discussion and the subsequent implementation of the units to the plant sciences.
Polyploidy in Flower Breeding
Authors: Sparnaaij L. D.
Published: September 2022

Uniformity in tetraploid progenies of certain floriculture species is much higher than in comparable diploid progenies. The reduced variation at the tetraploid level is mainly attributed to the buffering effect of tetrasomic inheritance and partly to preferential pairing in allopolyploids. Practical use can be made of this phenomenon in the breeding and propagation of polyploid crops.
The Effects of Photoperiod and Ethylene Inhibitors on Flowering and Vegetative Senescence of Schizanthus x wisetonensis and Nemesia strumosa1
Authors: Matta F. B. , Thomason R. C. , Pan C. Y.
Published: September 2022

The ethylene inhibitors L-2-amino-4-(2-amino-ethoxy)-trans-3-butenoic acid hydrochloride (AVG) and L-2-amino-4-methoxy-trans-3-butenoic acid (MVG) significantly reduced the number of reproductive shoots and percent open flowers of Nemesia strumosa low. But not of Schizanthus × wisetonensis Benth. 7 days after treatment. MVG and AVG were most effective at 26.2 and 39.3 ppm, respectively. Photoperiod did not influence flowering of either species, but vegetative senescence of Schizanthus was influenced by photoperiod.
Low Temperature Storage of In Vitro Apple Shoots1
Authors: Lundergan Catherine , Janick Jules
Published: September 2022

Shoot tips of apples (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Golden Delicious) cultured in a basal medium plus 5 mg/liter 6-benzylamino purine (BA) survived 12 months storage at 1° or 4°C and proliferated new shoots when returned to 26°C.
Influence of Mycorrhiza on the Nutrition of Red Raspberries1
Authors: Hughes Megan , Chaplin Michael H. , Martin Lloyd W.
Published: September 2022

Mycorrhizal red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) plants colonized by Glomus fasciculatus (Thaxter) Gerd. & Trappe had higher concentration of plant P than non-mycorrhizal colonized by Glomus fasciculatus at 0, 22 and 44 ppm soil P levels. Total P uptake was greater in mycorrhizal plants than controls at 22 and 44 ppm added P. The presence of mycorrhizae did not influence N, Mg, B, and Zn concentrations at any soil P level. K concentration in mycorrhizal plants was lower than controls at 22 ppm added P, but total K uptake was the same. Copper concentration was higher in mycorrhizal plants at the highest P level. P additions significantly influenced the total uptake of all elements except Cu and the concentration of all elements except An and Mn.
Calcium and Nitrogen Nutrition of ‘Tifblue’ Rabbiteye Blueberry in Sand Culture1
Authors: Spiers J. M.
Published: September 2022

Calcium fertilization resulted in leaf Ca concentrations in ‘Tifblue’ rabbiteye blueberries (Vaccinium ashei Reade) equivalent to those reported for low bush and highbush blueberries but did not change plant vigor or yield. Ammonium sulfate was superior to sodium nitrate as a N source, producing higher fruit yield, plant vigor, and leaf macronutrient content.
Short Pre-storage Exposures to High Carbon Dioxide or Low Oxygen Atmospheres for the Storage of Some Vegetables1
Authors: Wills R. B. H. , Wimalasiri P. , Scott K. J.
Published: September 2022

Respiration at 20°C of carrot roots (Daucus carota L.), potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) and zucchini fruits (Cucurbita pepo L.) was reduced following exposure to either high levels of CO2 or low levels of O2 for a few days at 20°C. The reduced respiration rates were maintained for at least 2 weeks after treatment while the produce was ventilated with air.
Alley Effect in Border Rows of Green Pea Plots and its Reduction through Planting Barley Guard Rows1
Authors: Anderson W. C.
Published: September 2022

The two outside rows of an 11-row planting of peas (Pisum sativum L.) produced a 40% greater shelled pea yield than the average of the 9 interior rows. The yield difference of the outside rows was primarily due to enhanced maturity. When yields were adjusted to 100 tenderometer there were no significant differences between the outside and interior rows of the plots. The use of barley guard rows eliminated the border effect. There were no yield differences between plots harvested with barley guard rows and plots harvested from the interior of solid plantings.
Comparison of Gibberellin A4/A7 and Silver Nitrate for Induction of Staminate Flowers in a Gynoecious Cucumber Line1
Authors: Tolla G. E. , Peterson C. E.
Published: September 2022

Silver nitrate and gibberellin A4/A7 (GA4/7) were compared for induction of staminate flower production on an inbred gynoecious cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) line grown in the field at Madison, Wisconsin. Foliar sprays of silver nitrate at 100, 200, and 400 ppm induced significantly more staminate flowers per plant than did GA4/7 at the standard, widely-used rate of 50 ppm, making gynoecious x gynoecious hybrid seed production commercially feasible. The strong induction all plants treated with silver nitrate should minimize the genetic shift toward maleness observed from one generation to the next when GA is used to increase seed of gynoecious parental lines.
Internal Fruit Structure of Warty and Non-warty Cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.)1
Authors: Kingston B. D. , Pike L. M.
Published: September 2022

Microscopic observations revealed that the epidermal layer of fruit of MSU 35G (warty) was composed of cells whose longest axis were perpendicular to the fruit surface and about 50 µ thick. The epidermal layer of fruit of MSU 6902 (non-warty) was composed of cells approximately 20 µ thick with little elongation in either visible axis. The F1 (warty) and warty fruit in the F2 exhibited a cellular shape similar to the warty parent. However, the thickness of epidermal cells of these warty progency were significantly less than that of the warty parent when observed in cross-section. Epidermal cell thickness of warty fruit observed in cross-section became increasingly less as the percentage of MSU 6902 in the genetic background increased. Subepidermal cells of fruit with non-warty skin were larger than corresponding cells of warty fruit. The epidermal cell shape of MSU 6902 was linked with the non-warty characteristic. Epidermal cell thickness is inherited independently of epidermal cell shape.
‘U.C. Honeyloupe’ Muskmelon
Authors: Zink F. W.
Published: September 2022

‘U.C. Honeyloupe’ is an andromon oecious, vine type, salmon-orange flesh muskmelon, Cucumis melo L. It has value as a cultivar for commerical spring production in the interior desert valleys of California, summer production in the San Joaquin Valley and Sacramento Valley, and fall production in the Imperial Valley. ‘U.C. Honeyloupe’ is also ideal for the home garden.
‘Ohio 7663’ Tomato1
Authors: Berry S. Z. , Gould W. A.
Published: September 2022

‘Ohio 7663’ is an early-main season, machine-harvest tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) with canning quality suitable for coreless whole-pack product. It was evaluated with good results, in the Northern Tomato Exchange Program (N.T.E.P.) trials in 1977 and 1978 and in other tests in Midwestern United States and Canada.
Sensitivity of Budded Young Orange Trees and Grapefruit Seedlings to Ancymidol in Soil Mix1
Authors: Yelenosky G.
Published: September 2022

Ancymidol (α-cyclopropyl-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol) in soil mix retarded growth of potted citrus plants. Three-month-old ‘Valencia’ orange trees (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.) on one-year-old sour orange rootstock (C aurantium L.) grew 92% less in height than control plants in 5 months under greenhouse conditions with 0.10% active ingredient (ai) (by weight) concentration of ancymidol in the soil mix. Concentrations of 0.4% ai resulted in marked growth reduction of 3-month-old ‘Duncan’ grapefruit seedlings (C. Paradisi Macfad.). Other tests showed that neither ancymidol nor the reduced growth following its use increased cold hardening of ‘Valencia’ trees.
Anatomy and Morphology of Field-Sampled Citrus Fibrous Roots as Influenced by Sampling Depth and Rootstock1
Authors: Castle William S. , Krezdorn A. H.
Published: September 2022

Roots of ‘Orlando’ tangelo (Citrus paradisi MacF. × C. reticulata Blanco) on rough lemon (C. jambhiri Lush.), sour orange (C aurantium L.), sweet orange (C. sinesis (L.) Osb.) and Rusk citrange (C. sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata Raf.) were field-sampled from depths extending to 2.5 m in a well-drained sandy soil and from about 3 m in an underlying sandy clay layer of undetermined thickness. Root anatomy and morphology were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy respectively. Epidermal hairs and radially elongated groups of hypodermal cells were observed on all roots. Root hairs differed in size and shape and hypo-dermal hairs seemed to occur more frequently on surface roots. Fibrous root bunches tended to be less branched and individual roots were smaller in diameter as sampling depth increased. General root anatomy was similar to previous descriptions.
In Vitro Propagation of Mammillaria elongata1
Authors: Johnson J. L. , Emino E. R.
Published: September 2022

In vitro propagation of Mammillaria elongata DC plants was successful using tubercle explants grown on a medium based on Murashige and Skoog’s high salts supplemented with various auxins and cytokinins. Optimum callus proliferation occured in response to 2,4-dichlor-ophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (2-10 mg/liter) with either kinetin or 6-(dimethylallylamino)-purine (2iP) (1-2 mg/liter). Root initiation was optimized with either napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or indolebutyric acid (IBA) (60 mg/liter). Shoot initiation was optimized by addition of 2iP (10 mg/liter) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) (1 mg/liter). The auxin:cytokinin balance required for shoot initiation appears to be unique for each species of Mammillaria studied. Shoots developed in vitro of M. elongata were successfully transferred to greenhouse conditions, where they rooted and continued to grow.
In Vitro Propagation of Phlox subulata and Phlox paniculata1
Authors: Schnabelrauch L. S. , Sink K. C.
Published: September 2022

Rapid in vitro propagation of Phlox subulata L. was achieved by inducing shoot explants, 3.0 to 5.0 mm, to proliferate axillary buds on a basal medium containing Murashige and Skoog (M&S) salts, Nitsch Vitamins and supplemented with 3.5 × 10 3 mg/titer gibberellic acid (GA3), 5.0 mg/liter benzylamino purine (BA), and 40 mg/liter adenine sulfate. GA3 was essential for axillary bud elongation. The proliferating shoots were rooted on a medium con-sisting of M&S salts and Vitamins plus 0.01 to 0.5 mg/liter α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). P. paniculata L. was propagated in vitro by culturing internode stem sections from actively growing shoots on Linsmaier and Skoog (L&S) medium containing L&S salts and vitamins, 10 mg/liter BA, 0.1 mg/liter NAA and 40 mg/liter adenine sulfate. About 65 shoots arose on each stem section and they rooted on L&S plus 1.0 mg/liter NAA. Root initiation was stimu-lated in both Phlox spp. by incubating the cultures at 30°C for 1 week.
In Vitro Propagation of ‘Forerer Yours’ Rose1
Authors: Skirvin R. M. , Chu M. C.
Published: September 2022

Shoot proliferation of ‘Forever Yours’ greenhouse rose (Rosa hybrida L.) was a-chieved in vitro using a modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) high salt medium supplemented with 6-benzylamino purine (BA) at 2.0 mg/liter and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at 0.1 mg/liter. Shoots were readily rooted on ¼ strength MS medium without hormones. Rooted shoots were successfully transferred to soil and grew well in the greenhouse.
Influence of Shade and Nutrition during Production and Dark Storage Simulating Shipment on Subsequent Quality and Chlorophyll Content of Foliage Plants1
Authors: Poole Richard T. , Conover Charles A.
Published: September 2022

Foliage plants were placed in chambers receiving no light for various time periods after receiving variable fertilizer and light treatments during production. Three foliage plants (Brassaia actinophylla Endl, Philodendron scandens oxycardium (Schott) Bunt, and Aphelandra squarrosa Nees ‘Dania’) in total darkness for 6 days suffered no loss in quality, but Ficus benjamina L. dropped slightly more leaves as length of time in dark storage increased. High light and fertilizer levels during production of F. benjamina increased leaf drop after dark storage.
Effect of Stratification and Gibberellic Acid on the Germination of Carpinus caroliniana Walt.1
Authors: Bretzloff L. V. , Pellett N. E.
Published: September 2022

Green seeds of Carpinus caroliniana Walt, collected in early September germinated 24% the following spring, but less than 1% of seeds collected in late September and planted in mid-October germinated. Germination in the greenhouse was increased by stratification up to 21 weeks at 4.5ºC. Gibberellic acid (GA3) at 25,100, and 500 ppm, after cold stratification for 6, 12, or 18 weeks, generally increased germination compared to stratification alone. Scarified seed germinated without stratification when exposed to GA3 at concentrations of 25,100, and 500 ppm.
Forsythia Flower Bud Cold Hardiness1
Authors: Brainerd Kim E. , Evert Dean R. , Pellett Norman E.
Published: September 2022

Forsythia mandschurica Uyeki, F. ovata Nakai, and F. × intermedia Zab. ‘Lynwood’ flower buds were frozen from 0 to –35°C during January to mid-April 1978, then forced under intermittent mist. In field and laboratory tests, ‘Lynwood’ flower buds were significantly less hardy than those of F. mandschurica or F. ovata. The hardiness of the latter 2 species was not significantly different throughout the test period. In May, 50 to 60% of F. mandschurica and F. ovata flower buds bloomed; 5% of the ‘Lynwood’ bloomed. Regression equations at 20% flower bud survival indicated that during mid-winter F. mandschurica survived temperatures 3.6° colder than did F. ovata.
Chilling Requirements for Flowering of Ilex cornuta Lindl. Paxt. cv. Burfordii1
Authors: Wright R. D. , Milbocker D. C.
Published: September 2022

Ilex cornuta ‘Burfordii’ holly plants were maintained at 3-4°C for 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 weeks. Following these treatments, the number of flowers to develop were greatest on plants receiving 6 or 8 weeks of chilling. Time required for flowering to begin and the duration of flowering was shortened by the longer exposures to cold treatment
Spot Application of Activated Charcoal to Increase Herbicide Selectivity on Watermelon1
Authors: Glaze N. C. , Phatak S. C. , Threadgill E. D.
Published: September 2022

Activated charcoal was applied as a spot treatment on soil surface over the seed of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai, cv. Charleston Gray]. Planting and charcoal application were done simultaneously with specially developed equipment. Activated charcoal at 358 kg/ha fully protected watermelon from terbacil (1.12 kg/ha) injury but provided only partial protection from atrazine (2.24 kg/ha) injury. Spot application of activated charcoal did not result in decreased weed control.
Autumn Lace ‘Florida Twist’ Dendrobium Hybrid1
Authors: Wilfret Gary J. , Kamemoto Haryuki
Published: September 2022

The genus Dendrobium Swartz, of the subtribe Dendrobiinae, comprises over 1,000 species, making it one of the largest genera of Orchidaceae (3). Species are distributed from Japan to Tasmania and India to Polynesia, with the greatest concentration in New Guinea and Java. Their habitats range from tropical sea-level areas to cool mountain climates, and the genus has been sub-classified into sections based upon the diverse vegetative and floral characteristics of the species. Members of this genus have been cultivated and hybridized for over a century and have been used as garden, exhibition, and cut flowers.
‘Union’Mimsa1
Authors: Gill D. L.
Published: September 2022

‘Union’ is a Fusarium wilt-resistant minosa (Albizia julibrissin Durazz.) released by Science and Education Administration, U. S. Department of Agriculture, at Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, Georgia.
‘Pennfresh ADX’ Hybrid Sweet Corn1
Authors: Garwood D. L. , Creech R. G.
Published: September 2022

‘Pennfresh ADX’ is a high-sugar sweet corn hybrid (Zea mays L.) based on the recessive endosperm gene combination amylose-extender (ae) dull (du) waxy (wx). The effects of this gene interaction on starch and sugar properties were reported by Creech (1). This hybrid can be harvested over a longer period than traditional sweet corns which are homozygous for the sugary (su) gene, and it retains its quality much longer following harvest. The symbol ADX is derived from these 3 gene names and is used to delineate this new class of sweet corn hybrids.
In Vitro Propagation of the Butterwort Pinguicula moranensis H.B.K.1
Authors: Adams Richard M. , Koenigsberg Steve S. , Langhans R. W.
Published: September 2022

Rapid clonal multiplication of Pinguicula moranensis H.B.K., an “orchid-flowered” butterwort, was achieved on 1/5-strength Linsmaier-Skoog medium with 30 g/liter sucrose, pH 6.5, 6 g/liter agar, 0.02 mg/liter 6-benzylamino purine (BA), and 0.01-0.10 mg/liter naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).
Ethylene Evolution in Apple following Post-bloom Thinning Sprays1
Authors: Walsh Christopher S. , Swartz Harry J. , Edgerton Louis J.
Published: September 2022

Ethylene evolution in excised apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) spurs was measured following the application of thinning treatments. Within 1 day (20 hours) of application, ethylene evolution by spurs of ‘Golden Delicious’ trees treated with 15 ppm napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 100 ppm (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) was 5 times greater than in control spurs, and those treated with 200 ppm ethephon evolved seven times more. Less fruit thinning occurred in response to the application of 100 ppm ethephon than 15 ppm NAA. Increased ethylene evolution was also detected in attached ‘Spatbluhender’ fruitlets 8 hours after NAA treatment.
Relative Importance of Rising Energy Costs on Pecan Production Costs in Georgia vs. Arizona1
Authors: Epperson J. E. , Allison J. R.
Published: September 2022

Cost analysis for production of pecans [Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch] under advanced management techniques indicate that rising energy costs will give a competitive advantage to a grove located in the lower coastal plain of the Southeast relative to one in the arid southwestern United States.
Control of Postharvest Decay of Papaya1
Authors: Couey H. Melvin , Farias Gilbert
Published: September 2022

Thiabendazole (TBZ) applied in a carnauba wax formulation provided effective control of postharvest diseases of papaya (Carica papaya L.) for up to 14 days at 10°C plus ripening at room temperature. Slightly greater control of disease was observed when TBZ was used immediately after a short hot water spray treatment (54°, 1.5 minute). A more severe hot water dip treatment (48°, 20 minutes) was not significantly more effective than TBZ alone. Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) in wax did not reduce decay when used alone or in combination with TBZ.
Seed Number and Size in Rabbiteye Blueberry Fruit1
Authors: Kushima T. , Austin M. E.
Published: September 2022

Seed counts of 2 size grades from 3 fruit sizes were made from 30 fruits each of 21 rabbiteye (Vaccinium ashei Reade) cultivars and selections. Total seeds/berry ranged from 110 for ‘Briteblue’ to 28 for selection T-111. Generally, larger fruit had more total and large seeds than smaller fruit; however, this relationship was not constant for all cultivars. Total seed number and number of large seeds per fruit appear to be heritable.
Yield, Stomatal Resistance, Xylem Pressure Potential, and Feeder Root Density in Three Rabbiteye Blueberry Cultivars1
Authors: Davies F. S. , Teramura A. H. , Buchanan D. W.
Published: September 2022

‘Tifblue’ rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) yields were greatest when expressed as kg of fruit per bush; however, ‘Woodard’ outyielded ‘Tifblue’ and ‘Bluegem’ per m3 of canopy volume. ‘Tifblue’ was subjected to the greatest daytime water stress due to its large canopy volume and limited feeder root density. Consequently, changes in feeder root density had a pronounced effect on yields in ‘Tifblue’. Yield was also affected to a lesser extent by feeder root density in ‘Bluegem’ but was independent of this factor in ‘Woodard’.
Field Evaluation of Red Raspberry for Resistance to Aphis rubicola1
Authors: Brodel C. F. , Schaefers G. A. , Ourecky D. K.
Published: September 2022

‘NY 632’ was the most resistant of 21 clones of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) evaluated for resistance to the aphid Aphis rubicola Oestlund in New York over a 3-year period.
Effects of Glyphosine and Triacontanol on Growth, Yield, and Soluble Solids Content of ‘PMR-45’ Muskmelons1
Authors: Bosland Judith M. , Hughes D. L. , Yamaguchi M.
Published: September 2022

N,N-bis(phosphonomethyl)glycine (glyphosine) was sprayed at 0, 200, 400, 800, 1600 ppm on vine foliage of ‘PMR-45’ muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) once about 2 weeks after initial flowering. Branch length and number of leaves were reduced at 1600 ppm. Melon weight was increased at 200 ppm about 6.6%, while soluble solids content was increased at all concentrations above the control about 10%. Both effects were most evident toward the end of the season. Triacontanol, applied at 0.01, 1.0, and 10.0 ppm as a foliar spray at the 8 to 10 leaf stage had no effect on muskmelons.
Daylength Effect on Root Development of Jicama (Pachyrrhizus erosus Urban)1
Authors: Cotter D. J. , Gomez R. E.
Published: September 2022

Two jicama (Pachyrrhizus erosus Urban) or yam bean cultivars were grown for 0, 30, or 65 days of natural daylength prior to placement under short days (9-hour natural light, 0800 to 1700 hours) and long days (short day plus 87 watts/m2 incandescent light, from 2200 to 0200 hours). After 10 weeks, fleshy root growth was more rapid and extensive under short days for both cultivars in all pretreatment exposures. After 20 weeks, the relative differences in root dry weight were greater for 0- and 30-day pretreatment and in ‘Cristalina’ than in ‘Agua Dulce’.
Early Effects of Viruses on the Growth and Productivity of Asparagus Plants1
Authors: Yang Hsu-Jen
Published: September 2022

Asparagus officinalis L. plants infected with either asparagus virus 1 or asparagus virus 2 exhibited mild reduction of vigor and productivity. Plants infected with both viruses showed severe decline and mortality in the second year in the field.
Effects of GA3 on Flowering and Fruit-set in a Mutant of Tomato1
Authors: Mapelli S. , Torti G. , Badino M. , Soressi G. P.
Published: September 2022

Gibberellin A3 (GA3) promoted anther development and increased the amount of viable pollen in the short anther parthenocarpic mutant (sha-pat) of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) without inducing seeded fruits.
Effects of Flooding Level on Storage Root Formation, Ethylene Production, and Growth of Sweet Potato1
Authors: Paterson D. R. , Earhart D. R. , Fuqua M. C.
Published: September 2022

The lower 15 cm (4 nodes) of vine tip cuttings of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. cv Jewel) were planted in blasting sand and immersed in a full strength Hoagland’s nutrient solution to a height of either 5 or 15 cm. More roots were initiated at the two lower nodes and roots were more numerous and larger by 6-12 weeks in the 5 cm immersion level while at the 15 cm level more roots originated at the upper nodes. Endogenous ethylene (C2H4) increased in the stems of plants immersed to a height of 15 cm.
‘Morris’ Plum1
Authors: Bowen H. H.
Published: September 2022

‘Morris’ was released to fill the need for a high-quality fresh-dessert plum adapted to the Coastal Plains, where accumulated chilling is at least 750 hr. Winter cold tolerance has not been determined. ‘Morris’ fruits (Fig. 1) mature with those of Ozark Premier’ or slightly earlier and are superior in flavor and color (Tables 1 and 2).
‘Blue Moon’ Impatiens1
Authors: Weigle J. L. , Pasutti D. W.
Published: September 2022

‘Blue Moon’ is a new cultivar developed from the New Guinea-type Impatiens collected by the U. S. Plant Introduction Service in 1970 (1). It is distinguished by large, bright, and abundant flowering and was selected for use as a bedding plant as were other Iowa State F1 hybrid releases (2).
Pears in China1
Authors: Shen Tsuin
Published: September 2022

The culture of pear in China dates back to 2,500-3,000 years ago. Shi Jing (1), a book written about 1,000 BC, mentioned that “pears grow in wet low lands”. This apparently referred to Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai growing in the Yantze Valley, and possibly also P. calleryana Dene., now commonly used for rootstocks in East China. From many historical records, it can be inferred that by the time of the Tsing and Han dynasty 2,000 years ago, there were not only large areas of land devoted to pear growing along the Huai and Yellow Rivers, but also a number of good cultivars were grown with improved cultural methods. The book Shi Gee (100 bc) (8) states “In the north of Huai River, those who grow 1,000 pear trees are as rich as those barons who possess 1,000 families of tenant farmers”.
Mechanically Harvesting Cane Fruits
Authors: Morris Justin R.
Published: September 2022

The mechanization revolution in the cane fruit industry has been a result of the increasing scarcity and expense of hand labor which has threatened to eliminate cane fruits as a processing crop in the United States.
Influence of Fertilization, Superphosphate and Lime on Mottling of Dracaena fragrans1
Authors: Conover Charles A. , Poole Richard T.
Published: September 2022

Foliar mottling on mature leaves and reduced plant quality often occurs on Dracaena fragrans (L.) Ker-Gawl. cv. Massangeana after transfer to an interior environment. Best plant quality was obtained when single superphosphate was omitted from the potting medium, dolomite was included and plants were grown with the equivalent of 667 kg N/ha (3700 kg Osmocote 18N-3P-10K). Mottling was most severe when plants received single superphosphate and the equivalent of 1000 or more kg N/ha (5550 or more kg Osmocote 18N-3P-10K). In the second experiment, single superphosphate also increased severity of mottling during interior maintenance period and addition of dolomite to the potting medium did not lessen the severity.
The Influence of Fish Solubles on Growth and Fruiting of Tomato1
Authors: Aung L. H. , Flick G. J.
Published: September 2022

Fish soluble nutrients (FSN) applied at weekly or biweekly intervals gave comparable growth and fruit yield of greenhouse-grown tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentwn mill.) as plants fertilized with full strength Hoagland’s nutrient solution. FSN fertilization stimulated vegetative growth and delayed flowering and fruit-ripening by 5-8 days depending upon concentration and frequency of application. FSN can be a useful nutrient source for crop fertilization.
Postharvest Rhizopus Fruit Rot Resistance in Red Raspberry1
Authors: Daubeny Hugh A. , Pepin H. S. , Barritt Bruce H.
Published: September 2022

Fruits of 37 red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivars and selections (all subsequently referred to as clones) were screened for postharvest resistance to Rhizopus spp. (probably R. stolonifer [Ehr. ex Fr.] Vuill.) at Abbotsford, British Columbia and Puyallup, Washington. Among clones examined at both locations the more resistant were ‘Meeker’, ‘Nootka’, and selections 6820/54 and 6820/41 from the Scottish Horticultural Research Institute (SHRI) and the more susceptible were ‘Mailing Leo’, ‘Skeena’, ‘Haida’ and SHRI 7023/69. In addition at Abbotsford, ‘Matsqui’ and several British Columbia (BC) selections were resistant, and ‘Mailing Delight’, ‘Canby’, ‘Glen Clova’ and several BC selections were very susceptible. Two sources of resistance were apparent: intrinsic tissue resistance in clones with relatively soft fruit derived from the ‘Cuthberť cultivar, for example ‘Meeker’, ‘Nootka’ and ‘Matsqui’, and resistance associated with fruit firmness in clones derived from the black raspberry (R. occidentalism, for example SHRI selections 6820/54 and 6820/41.
The Effect of Oxygen Concentration on the Release of Peach Leaf Buds from Rest1
Authors: Erez A. , Couvillon G. A. , Kays S. J.
Published: September 2022

‘Redhaven’ peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) that were in rest were exposed for 96 hours to 2.5, 5, 10.5, or 21% O2. A second group was exposed to 2.5% O2 for 1, 2, 4, or 6 days. Bud break was enhanced only by 2.5 or 5% O2. Rest release was also influenced by the duration of exposure to low O2. Plants exposed for 2, 4, or 6 days to 2.5% O2 showed faster bud break than did those exposed to the same concentration for 0 or 1 day.
Rooting, Survival, and Development of Several Peach Cultivars Propagated from Semihardwood Cuttings1
Authors: Couvillon G. A. , Erez A.
Published: September 2022

Semi-hardwood peach cuttings of 13 cultivars of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) collected in 2 locations were successfully rooted and transplanted to the field. Rooting was influenced by indolebutyric acid (IBA) concentration and basal wounding.
Chemical Thinning Response of ‘Delicious’ Apples to Volume of Applied Water1
Authors: Herrera-Aguirre Estaban , Unrath C. R.
Published: September 2022

Thinning spray combinations of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), (2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (ethephon), and 1-naphthyl N-methyl carbamate (carbaryl) were applied to ‘Delicious’ apples (Malm domestica Borkh). In 1975, 280 dekaliters per hectare (DPH) showed large variation over 3 locations. In 1976 applications based on “tree row volume” (TRV) showed uniform thinning across the same (1975) locations.
Color Quality Evaluation Of Horticultural Crops
Authors: Francis F. J.
Published: September 2022

Quality measurement in all foods has been extremely important in the past and certainly will be no less so in the future. The trend towards a better nutritional delivery system, combined with a reduction in overall calories in our diet, will make fruits and vegetables even more important (5). Improved nutritional content will have to be accompanied by good sensory appeal because food that isn't eaten is of little importance in our diet Sensory appeal will have to be quantified, so it behooves the scientists in related areas to develop and interpret sophisticated tools to measure sensory appeal as an aid to the plant breeders.
Nondestructive Evaluation Of Internal Quality
Authors: Dull G. G. , Birth G. S. , Magee J. B.
Published: September 2022

In addressing the subject of nondestructive evaluation of internal quality of horticultural crops, the establishment of an understanding of quality is needed at the outset. Dull (4) has defined nondestructive quality evaluation (NDQE) as “a gaining of meaningful information which can be used in making judgments, both positive and negative, about the degree of excellence of a food with out altering the physical and chemical properties of that food.” In order to make judgments about a specific quality situation, one must select specific physical and/or chemical properties to be measured. A list of those properties would include weight, diameter, titratable acidity, pH, total nitrogen and concentration of soluble solids, sucrose, glucose, fructose, malic acid, citric acid, chlorophyll, carotene, anthocyanins, dry matter, proteins, amino acids, fat, starch, cellulose, pectins, and hemicellulose.
Effects of Triacontanol on Sweet Potatoes1
Authors: Bouwkamp J. C. , McArdle R. N.
Published: September 2022

Triacontanol, applied at 100 ppb to sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam increased percent dry weight and percentage nitrogen (dry weight basis) of leaves soon after treatment but had no measurable effect on root yields, root protein or percentage dry matter of the roots.
Effect of Camptothecin on the Storage Quality of Radishes1
Authors: Wang C. Y. , Buta J. G. , Hruschka H. W.
Published: September 2022

A 5-minute dip in a suspension of camptothecin, a naturally occurring growth regulator, at 5×10–2 mM or at higher concentrations inhibited both adventitious root growth and top sprouting of partially trimmed (tops trimmed to 5 mm) radishes (Raphanus sativus L., cvs. Comet and Stop Light) during 2 weeks of storage at 10° or 20°C. The treatment also reduced weight loss but did not affect changes in red color or ascorbic acid content. Camptothecin was ineffective in inhibiting sprouting when tops were trimmed to 25 mm. Radishes stored at 0° had no new root or top growth and thus showed no effect of the camptothecin treatment.
Transitory Yellowing of Chinese Cabbage1
Authors: Kratky B. A. , Ko W. H.
Published: September 2022

Transitory yellowing, a new disease of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp pekinensis Rupr.), was noticed in 1971 in the Lalamilo area on the Island of Hawaii. The disease was not associated with pathogenic microorganisms. The susceptibility varies with cultivar but no cultivar proved to be resistant. In the disease-free Volcano area no symptoms developed on plants growing in soil collected from the diseased area at Lalamilo. Application of a complete fertilizer or pH adjustment of soil did not alleviate the disease symptoms. Disease symptoms disappeared within 3 days when plants were transported from a diseased area to a healthy area. Results suggest that the new disease is caused by an unknown airborne agent present in the diseased area.
Citrus Pollen Storage1
Authors: Sahar N. , Spiegel-Roy P.
Published: September 2022

The storage life of ‘Clementine’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) and Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. pollen was effectively extended in an oxygen-free atmosphere. ‘Clementine’ pollen held at 4°C enabled satisfactory germination (20%) up to 7 weeks; a similar rate of germination was maintained after 20 weeks by use of N atmosphere. By combining deepfreeze temperatures (−18°) with either N or CO2 atmosphere for pollen storage, a germination rate of 13% was maintained after 57 weeks. With Poncirus, lower germination rates were obtained (7-9% after 57 weeks), but results paralleled those obtained with ‘Clementine’ mandarin pollen. Poncirus pollen, stored in an oxygen-free atmosphere at −18° for one year, maintained its fertilizing capacity.
Propagation of Gypsophila paniculata from Cuttings12
Authors: Kusey William E , Weiler T. C.
Published: September 2022

Terminal cuttings of Gypsophila paniculata L. cv. Bristol Fairy rooted and established well in peat cylinders or foam or cellulose fiber blocks. Rooting was improved by a 5 or 30 second basal dip using indolebutyric acid (IBA) at 3,000-10,000 mg/liter 45% ethanol.
Evaluation of Potassium-enriched Clinoptilolite as a Potassium Source for Potting Media1
Authors: Hershey David R. , Paul J. L. , Carlson R. M.
Published: September 2022

A sample of clinoptilolite with an exchangeable K, Na, Ca and Mg content of 160.0, 33.5, 18.7, and 0.4 meq/100 g was evaluated as a slow-release К fertilizer by leaching and growth studies of Chrysanthemum morifolium, Ramat. Potassium release from an amended potting medium indicated that clinoptilolite did not behave like a soluble K source but was very similar to slow-release fertilizers. A single application of 50 g clinoptilolite per 1.5 liters of potting medium produced 3-month chrysanthemum yields equal to those obtained with a daily irrigation with 234 ppm K.
Relationship of Rest to Dehardening in Red-osier Dogwood1
Authors: Litzow Margaret , Pellett Harold
Published: September 2022

Plants of red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea L.) did not show any large degree of dehardening until after rest was satisfied. While in rest, extended periods of continuous warm temperatures did not cause any dehardening.
Vegetative Propagation of Abies fraseri by Stem Cuttings1
Authors: Hinesley L. Eric , Blazich Frank A.
Published: September 2022

Rooting of Fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.] stem cuttings decreased as stock plant age increased from 5 to 12 to 22 years. Indolebutyric acid (IBA) at 5000 ppm increased rooting of cuttings from 12- and 22-year old trees.
Effects of Auxin on Rooting of Ixora acuminata1
Authors: Rauch Fred D. , Yamakawa Roy M.
Published: September 2022

Rooting of the difficult-to-root Ixora acuminata was improved by application of a combination of indolebutyric acid (IBA) and napthalenacetic acid (NAA) to the base of cuttings.
‘Dixielee’ Watermelon1
Authors: Crall J. M. , Elmstrom G. W.
Published: September 2022

‘Dixielee’ watermelon (Citrullus lanatus [Thunb.] Matsum. & Nakai) produces round striped fruits with intense red flesh. It grows vigorously and is resistant to race 1 anthracnose, Colletotrichum lagenarium (Pass.) Ellis & Halsted, and highly resistant to fusarium wilt, Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. f. sp. niveum [E. F. Sm.] Snyd. & Hans. Because of its tough rind, firm flesh, attractive flesh color, high soluble solids, and excellent eating quality, ‘Dixielee’ is expected to help meet the need for additional high quality cultivars for commercial watermelon production in Florida and other producing areas as well as appeal to home gardeners who place a high priority on fruit quality.
The Effect of Rice-hull Mulch on Growth, Carbohydrate Content, and Nitrogen Fixation in Phaseolus vulgaris L.1
Authors: Waters Luther , Graham Peter H. , Breen Patrick J. , Mack Harry J. , Rosas Juan C.
Published: September 2022

Mulching ‘Puebla 152’ beans with rice hulls to a depth of 4 cm reduced afternoon soil temperature, soil temperature fluctuation, and slowed the loss of soil moisture. These effects were greatest prior to canopy closure. Fresh weight of nodules, roots, stems, leaves, and total plant increased 50%, 38%, 49%, 24%, and 38%, respectively, with mulching, but pod and final seed weight were unaffected. Mulching had little effect on the concentration of soluble and insoluble carbohydrates. N2 fixation rates (C2H2 reduction) were low (≤ 0.6 µmole/plant per hr) but were as much as 3 times higher in mulched than unmulched plants.
Levels of DCPA, MTP, TPA, and Hexachlorobenzene in Radish Roots and Tops1
Authors: Archer Thomas E. , Gauer William O.
Published: September 2022

Residues of dimethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrachloroterephthalate (DCPA), monomethyl-2,3,5, 6-tetrachloroterephthalate (MTP), 2,3,5,6-tetrachloroterephthalic acid (TPA) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were determined in tops and roots of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) to which the herbicide had been applied as a soil treatment for preemergence control of weeds under commercial field conditions. Residues of these compounds in the radish roots were either negligible or less than the analytical method sensitivity (0.01 ppm for all compounds except HCB which was 0.001 ppm). Much more residues of DCPA were found in the radish tops ranging from about 2 to 13 ppm. Residues of the other compounds were higher in the tops, in all instances, than in the roots. Recoveries of all the chemicals in fortified controls ranged from 70 to 100%.