bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Cannabinoids in Prisons: Content Analysis of TikToks (Preprint)
Authors: McMann Tiana J , Calac Alec , Nali Matthew , Cuomo Raphael , Maroulis James , Mackey Tim K
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Synthetic cannabinoids are a significant public health concern, especially among incarcerated populations due to increased reports of abuse. Recent news reports have highlighted the severe consequences of K2/Spice, a synthetic cannabinoid, among the prison population in the United States. Despite regulations against cell phone use, inmates use TikTok to post K2/Spice-related content.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to examine TikTok posts for use and illicit distribution of psychoactive substances (eg, K2/Spice) among incarcerated populations.

METHODS

The study collected TikTok videos associated with the #k2spice hashtag and used a data collection approach similar to snowball sampling. Inductive coding was used to conduct content analysis of video characteristics. Videos were manually annotated to generate binary classifications related to the use of K2/Spice as well as selling and buying activities associated with it. Statistical analysis was used to determine associations between a video’s user engagement and an intent to buy or sell K2/Spice.

RESULTS

A total of 89 TikTok videos with the hashtag #k2spice were manually coded, with 40% (n=36) identified as displaying the use, solicitation, or adverse effects of K2/Spice among the prison population. Of them, 44.44% (n=16) were in a prison-based setting documenting adverse effects including possible overdose. Videos with higher user engagement were positively correlated with comments indicating an intent to buy or sell K2/Spice.

CONCLUSIONS

K2/Spice is a drug subject to abuse among prison inmates in the United States, including depictions of its harmful effects being recorded and shared on TikTok. Lack of policy enforcement on TikTok and the need for better access to treatment services within the prison system may be exacerbating substance use among this highly vulnerable population. Minimizing the potential individual harm of this content on the incarcerated population should be a priority for social media platforms and the criminal justice system alike.
Cytokine Profile of Post-Transplant Recipients
Authors:   Ural State Medical University, Maksimova Arina Yu. , Bessonova Elena N. ,   Sverdlovsk Regional Clinical Hospital №1, Bazarnyi Vladimir V. ,   Ural State Medical University
Published: March 2022

The aim of this research is to assess changes in the level of certain serum cytokines in the perioperative period in liver recipients. Materials and methods. We examined 10 patients who were on the waiting list for transplantation and 14 recipients who underwent orthoptic liver transplantation. Blood sampling was performed in patients from the waiting list at a scheduled consultation appointment, in recipients 3 months after orthotopic liver transplantation. The concentration of 9 serum cytokines was determined by multiparametric fluorescence analysis. Results. Cytokines IFN, IL-10, IL-6, and IL-8 were found in the blood serum of healthy donors and patients from all groups in extremely low concentrations (no more than 16 pg / ml). The following changes were observed in the recipients in the preoperative period and after OTP: growth factors PDGF, PIGF,VEGF, BDNF LIF, IL-1RA decreased, and IL-6 increased relative to the control group (p<0.05).Significant differences between the groups were revealed by IL-8 and IL-10. Conclusion. Thus, we established a dynamic cytokine profile characteristic of the reaction of damage and recovery of the liver in its severe pathology and transplantation of a donor organ.
Antioxidants: Properties, Mechanism of Action, Application
Authors:   Tyumen State Medical University, Boldyreva Yulia V. , Gadjiumarova Elena A. ,   Tyumen State Medical University, Lebedev Ilya A. ,   Tyumen State Medical University, Alyokhina Maria N. ,   Tyumen City Polyclinic No. 8, Adamchuk Sofia V. ,   Tyumen State Medical University
Published: March 2022

The adverse effect on the body of a number of factors of the external and internal environment contributes to the formation of free radicals (SR). An increase in the content of the latter can lead to a number of serious diseases, such as: bronchial asthma, diabetes mellitus, oncological diseases, premature aging of the body, etc. This will significantly increase the level of disability, and sometimes even mortality among the population. In this connection, the prevention of these pathologies is an urgent task of modern society. As an effective preventive means, we can recommend the antioxidant molecules (AO), which will be discussed in this article. The issues characterizing AO as biologically significant molecules are considered. The article presents: the concept of AO, their properties, mechanism of action, classification and functions; describes the areas of application and ways of influencing AO on the body. It is shown that AO, along with proteins, fats, carbohydrates, should be an integral part of the diet. The body needs a constant supply of AO, in order to maintain a balance between the interaction of the internal and external environment.
BIOGENIC SYNTHESIS OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: RAJU SENTHIL KUMAR , KARUNAKARAN ANANDAKUMAR , KUMAR SHRIDHARSHINI , SEKAR PRAVEEN , MURUGESAN MARUTHAMUTHU , KARTHIKEYAN MOHANAPRIYA
Published: March 2022

Copper nanoparticles are one of the most promising agents in the field of nanotechnology which has the widest range of applications in various fields. Copper is an inorganic and safest material to humans, extensively used as an anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-cancer agent and also as catalysts and sensors in high potential, peculiarly in nanosize. This emerged the preparation of CuNPs using various techniques. Many conventional methods have been employed for the synthesizing CuNPs which include electron beam lithography, inert gas condensation, ion implantation, laser ablation, mechanical milling, mechanical grinding, pulsed wire discharge, spray pyrolysis, vacuum vapour deposition, chemical reduction method, electrochemical method, microemulsion method, microwave method and solvothermal decomposition method. Relatively the biological method is highly recommended for the synthesis of CuNPs due to the absence of harmless chemicals, enhanced biocompatibility, eco-friendly, greater biological activity and low toxicity. This review is focussing on the biogenic synthesis of CuNPs using plants and micro-organisms, reaction conditions, characterization techniques and their applications.
School Principals’ Reflective Leadership Skills through the Lens of Teachers at Higher Secondary School of Thimphu Thromde
Authors: Namgyal Rinzin
Published: March 2022

This research aims to determine the reflective leadership level of school principals through the perceptions of teachers in higher secondary schools of Thimphu Thromde. The study used a descriptive quantitative and inferential test method using the random sample of 122 volunteer teachers. Data were collected using a 20-structured reflective leadership scale. According to the research findings, it is understood that teachers consider school principals’ reflective leadership traits to be at a very good level. This finding would contribute empirical evidence of how teachers view their principals’ reflective leadership skills in schools, and it would help principals to further improve their reflective leadership skill.
Characteristic Strength of Concrete Using Steel Slag as a Fine Aggregate
Authors: L B Praveen , P Praveen Kumar
Published: March 2022

Abstract: This paper describes the experimental inspection performed to evaluate the properties of concrete using steel slag as a fine aggregate. Concrete is the most commonly used material in the world, so it’s abounded used in civil engineering construction field leads to increasing in aggregate scarcity. Because it reduces the use of natural resources, industrial waste is encouraged in the construction industry. Common industrial waste materials include fly ash, silica fume, and steel slag. These materials are successfully used in the construction industry for partial and complete concrete replacement. In present study, partial replacement of fine aggregate by 0%,5%, 10% and 15% in M30 concrete grades with w/c ratio of 0.44. Keywords: Concrete, steel slag, compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength test.
Economic texts as a reflection of the social reality of the transition period in Latvia and Russia
Authors: Mietule I. , Komarova V. , Ostrovska I. , Ignatyevs S. , Heimanis B.
Published: March 2022

The goal of the study is to compare the reflection of Latvias and Russias transition to the market economy in economic texts. The object of the research is Latvian and Russian textbooks on economics (N = 61) of three generations (1990s, 2000s and 2010s) in the Daugavpils University library. The first such textbooks were published in 1993, and the last ones - in 2015. Although the starting point of the analysis is the translation of Samuelsons textbook (1964), which is beyond the time scope of the research, this book is necessary for a deeper analysis of the textbooks on economics. The research was conducted with the descriptive analysis and case study method applied in the framework of the linguistic discourse analysis based on Webers methodology of cultural determinism. The results of the research showed that in the 1990s, the economic discourse of the USA was actively borrowed in Latvia and Russia; however, the business culture of the USA differs significantly from the business culture of our countries. The linguistic discourse analysis allowed to reveal the conceptual challenges of the contemporary economic science in Latvia and Russia: despite as if the existence of some general economic theory, in reality even basic economic processes are often explained in different conceptual systems depending on the beliefs of the economic texts authors. Considering the social-economic transformations in the past thirty years and earlier periods, the authors emphasize the special importance of critical thinking in the creation, translation and perception of economic texts. This is especially important since there are no reasons to believe that in the 1990s, the cultural component of the economic discourse of Latvia and Russia changed significantly to the market-oriented. Today readers of economic texts have difficulties in their critical assessment, especially of those texts whose authors use emotional terminology.
Comte’s religion of Humanity and Fedorov’s sociology of common cause: Measures of positivism
Authors: Onosov A. A.
Published: March 2022

The article considers the social-religious doctrine of the French philosopher, one of the recognized founders of sociology and positivism, A. Comte (1798-1857), and the social paradigm of the Russian thinker-cosmosoph, the author of the doctrine of the common cause, N.F. Fedorov (1829-1903). The social-philosophical comparison of the basic concepts of the two theories allowed the author to identify their key intentions and semantic patterns. The comparative analysis revealed the semantic homogeneities and contrasts of the ideological systems of two thinkers - the religion of Humanity (Comte) and the sociology of the common cause (Fedorov) as determined by the moral-logical core of cosmosophy. Despite the undoubted diversity of their theoretical ideas, the compared concepts have common semantic sources, although initially they were fundamentally differently oriented in the social-historical space-time and in the potential field of the evolutionary possibilities of global humanity. Both thinkers consider science enriched with the religious feeling as the most effective tool for the real transformation of existence, but they differently project the potential of scientific knowledge on the planetary social organization development, which ultimately leads to the polarization of their fundamental ideas. The belief in the resolving potential of positive science and its idea of progress leads the French thinker to the religion of Humanity of the new, sociological-approved type. In cosmosophy, the supramoralistic task of the common cause leads to the demand for positivism of action as an application of the theoretical knowledge of the laws and technologies of the directed evolutionary apotheosis of the man and a new type of sociality. The conclusion about the sociological overdetermination of the history of mankind logically leads positivism to the principle of sociological theogony, i.e., that society progressively develops and gradually acquires the absolute attributes of the divine essence. The central concept of the positive religion is humanity not only as the generalized statistical society, but also as a bearer of metaphysical features. In the cosmosophic theory, the establishment of deep and harmonious psychosocial ties, the moral system of interactions is associated with a special form of community - psychocracy. In its creative expression, psychocracy extends to the whole world, embraces all layers of reality, and the human history turns into a theogonic process.
Philosophical foundations of E. Durkheim’s sociological theory
Authors: Kapishin A. E.
Published: March 2022

The article considers the philosophical basis of Durkheims sociological theory, which consists of such metaphysical concepts as society, solidarity, sacredness and human nature. The author also focuses on the philosophical theories based on these concepts, which became the foundations of Durkheims sociological theory. There are ontological and epistemological philosophical foundations, on the one hand, and social-philosophical foundations secondary to them - on the other hand. The article raises the question about the connection between Durkheims theory and the philosophical systems of Spinoza, Kant and Renouvier. This, Spinozas ontological pantheism influenced the concept of sacred in Durkheims theory. On the contrary, there is no reason to consider the influence of Kants philosophy on Durkheims ideas decisive. Although sometimes Renouvier is called a neo-Kantian, he developed his own philosophical system, the elements of which were used by Durkheim, especially for the concept of social representations. The author argues that sociological realism and holism of Durkheim oppose the sociological nominalism common for the British social philosophy and sociology, and believes in the conceptual continuity of Durkheims system with the theories of Montesquieu and especially Rousseau (the idea of society as a deified collective being). In the systems of Montesquieu and Rousseau, human nature is understood not as exclusively individualistic and selfish; therefore, in society, the main role is played not by competition, but by cooperation and integration. The article also considers French socialism of the 19th century, especially Simonism as a direct ideological predecessor of Durkheims sociology. The author argues that Soviet works created a distorted, simplified and demystified image of the French socialists of the 19th century (for example, of Lerouxs concept of solidarism later developed by Durkheim). Although the founder of the French sociological school distanced himself from the mysticism of the socialists of that time, he is undoubtedly their ideological successor.
IDEIAS SOBRE EPISTEMOLOGIA E PESQUISA EM ADMINISTRAÇÃO
Authors: Fernandes Antonio Sérgio , Teixeira Marco , B. F. M. do Nascimento Alex , Martins Tude João
Published: March 2022

Este ensaio, sob a forma de uma pensata, discute ideias com relação à epistemologia que envolve a instrumentalidade da pesquisa em administração. A pesquisa em administração é ampla, vasta, multidisciplinar, repleta de métodos e procedimentos que podem ser utilizados e a análise da produção do conhecimento por parte do pesquisador se torna um exercício intelectual acerca de como a investigação científica se torna um elo entre o pesquisador e a comunidade científica que ele está inserido, no caso aqui, da área de administração. Assumimos como condição prévia que a compreensão da administração em sua episteme torna o pesquisador consciente de que este se encontra diante de campo científico complexo e, portanto, o esforço instrumental e procedimental propriamente dito requer conhecimento epistemológico capaz de gerar pesquisas mais sólidas acerca da realidade observada dos fenômenos sociais que a área de administração se debruça a investigar.
Atypical Caudal Regression Syndrome with Lumbar Agenesis, Hypoplastic Sacrum without Sacro-iliac Joints in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo: a case report
Authors: MUDEKEREZA Paterne , MURHEGA Roméo , Nteranya Daniel Safari , Bahizire Gauthier Murhula , BISIMWA Alliance , MATABARO Bijoux , Lekuya Hervé , Maheshe Ghislain Balemba , Mubenga Léon-Emmanuel
Published: March 2022

Lumbosacral agenesis is a rare and complex malformation characterized by
a total or partial absence of the lumbosacral vertebrae. It is often
associated with other malformations. Its etiology is poorly understood
but factors such as gestational diabetes, genetic abnormalities and
environmental factors are incriminated.
A new variant of MYCN gene as a cause of Feingold syndrome
Authors: Zeka Naim , Bejiqi Ramush , Gerguri Adburrahim , Zogaj Leonore , Jashari Haki
Published: March 2022

Feingold syndrome-1 (FS1) is a rare disorder that is inherited in
autosomal dominant manner. The most common phenotypical features
described are finger and toe anomalies, microcephaly, short stature and
intestinal atresia. Here, we present a 7-year-old boy with severe
intellectual disability who is diagnosed with FS1 syndrome.
Men from Manchuria and Women in Japan after the Asia-Pacific War：The Meaning of “Meaninglessness” in Abe Kobo’s Two “The Wall” Novels
Authors: KAGEKI Tatsuya
Published: March 2022

It is widely known that in his two novels, “At the Guidepost at the End of the Road” (1948) and “The Wall – The Crime of S. Karma” (1951), Abe Kobo depicted the main characters’ anguish after the Japanese defeat in the Asia-Pacific war as the result of “meaninglessness”. He came to this perspective on the basis of struggling with this feeling in his own life. This article analyzes the female Japanese characters, who form a contrast with the main male Japanese characters, in order to explore the question of why this sense of meaninglessness came about. In these novels, Japanese female characters are represented as those who cure the distress men feel because of the latter’s awareness of their responsibility for the aggressive war that took place, and because of their hedonic enjoyment of the liberated society after the war, which these male characters experience as “meaningful” as it allows them to not reflect on the war. The contrasting women characters reflect the social conditions at the time the story was written. Japanese women were not accused of war crimes, nor were they responsible for the subordinate female gender roles which persisted before the war. As a result, the female characters are free of the sense of meaninglessness, and they form a contrast with Japanese male characters who feel anguish at their awareness of their responsibility for the war, and their resultant sense of meaninglessness.
An Analysis of the Post-war Conditions of Okinawa and the Effects of the Cold War on the Island
Authors: KWAK Hyoungduck
Published: March 2022

Son Jiyon’s “Contemplating Post-War Okinawan Literature：Gender, Ethnicity, and National Identity” criticizes the East Asian framework for understanding, and delves deeply into the intersection of postwar conditions and the Cold War in relation to Okinawa, through an analysis of various texts. As the author suggests, the situation of Okinawa is a microcosm of wider problems that are prevalent in the consciousness of East Asia as a whole, and which therefore can be understood at a fundamental level by Koreans, because they overlap with the contradictions thrown up by war and division in South Korea.
Traveling Japan, Writing Japan：The Translation and Publishing of the Travelogue Wareteki Nihon
Authors: WU Peichen
Published: March 2022

The travelogue Wareteki Nihon was published in December 2018 by Hakushui Sha, and included the work of eighteen Taiwanese writers from various generations. All their works in the text relate to their travels in Japan. These Taiwanese writers are Kan Yao-Ming, Ko Yu-fen, Huang Li-Chun, Wang Sheng-Hong, Jiang E, Chen Bo-Chin, Hu Mu-Ching, Sheng Hao-We, Chu He-Chih, Wu Ming-Yi, Lu Hui-Hsin, Yi Ge-Yan, Yen Shu-Hsia, and Liu Shu-Hui, whose works in this anthology depict Japanese scenery, culture and literature, and so on. This paper will focus on how this publishing project started, the process of producing this travelogue, and the evaluations and responses of Japan’s literary circle and the mass media to it after its publication in Japan.
An artificial neural network as a tool for kombucha fermentation improvement
Authors: Cvetkovic Dragoljub , Sovljanski Olja , Ranitovic Aleksandra , Tomic Ana , Markov Sinisa , Savic Dragisa , Danilovic Bojana , Pezo Lato
Published: March 2022

Kombucha as a tea-based fermented beverage has become progressively widespread, mainly in the functional food market, because of health-improving benefits. As part of a daily diet for adults and children, kombucha was a valuable non-alcoholic drink containing beneficial mixtures of organic acids, minerals, vitamins, proteins, polyphenols, etc. The influence of the specific surface area of the vessel, the inoculum size, and the initial tea concentration as operating factors and fermentation time as output variable on the efficiency of kombucha fermentation was examined. The focus of this study is optimization and standardization of kombucha fermentation conditions using Box-Behnken experimental design and applying an artificial neural network (ANN) predictive model for the fermentation process. The Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno iterative algorithm was used to accelerate the calculation. The obtained ANN models for the pH value and titratable acidity showed good prediction capabilities (the r2 values during the training cycle for output variables were 0.990 and 0.994, respectively). Predictive ANN modeling has been proven effective and reliable in establishing the optimum kombucha fermentation process using the selected operating factors.
Differential scanning calorimetry-based investigations of erythritol - sodium chloride phase change composites for thermal energy storage
Authors: Felix Paul , Rajagopal Velavan , Kumaresan Kannan
Published: March 2022

Low thermal conductivity of organic phase change materials (PCMs) for thermal
energy storage systems induces the necessity to apply suitable heat transfer
enhancement techniques for these materials. The purpose of this study was to
improve thermal conductivity of a PCM erythritol by using sodium chloride as
an additive, such that the material can be applied for steam cooking systems
when integrated with solar parabolic trough collectors. In this study,
erythritol-NaCl composites were synthesized by using the melting method, and
the key physicochemical properties of the composites were estimated by using
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) coupled with thermo-gravimetric
analysis (TGA). The observations indicate that there has been a significant
improvement in the thermal conductivity of erythritol supplemented with
NaCl. Further, thermal behaviour of the material indicates that it is
suitable for steam cooking applications. Furthermore, mathematical models
based on the experimental observations can be potentially utilized for
further studies of erythritol-NaCl composites.
Efficacy and Safety of K-877 (Pemafibrate), a Selective PPARα Modulator, in European Patients on Statin Therapy
Authors: Ginsberg Henry N. , Hounslow Neil J. , Senko Yusuke , Suganami Hideki , Bogdanski Pawel , Ceska Richard , Kalina Akos , Libis Roman A. , Supryadkina Tatiana V. , Hovingh G. Kees
Published: March 2022

Background High plasma
triglyceride (TG) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Fibrates lower TG-levels through
PPARα agonism. Currently available fibrates, however, have relatively low
selectivity for PPARα.

Objectives The aim of this
trial was to assess the safety, tolerability and efficacy of K-877
(pemafibrate) —a selective PPARα modulator —in statin-treated European
patients with hypertriglyceridemia.

Methods A total of 408 statin-treated
adults were recruited from 68 European sites for this Phase 2, randomized,
double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. They had fasting TG between 175 and 500
mg/dL and HDL-C ≤50 mg/dL for men and ≤55 mg/dL for women. Participants were
randomized to receive placebo or one of 6 pemafibrate regimens: 0.05 mg BID, 0.1
mg BID, 0.2 mg BID, 0.1 mg QD, 0.2 mg QD, or 0.4 mg QD. The primary endpoints were TG and non-HDL-C level lowering at Week 12.

Results

Pemafibrate
reduced TG at all doses (adjusted p value <0.001) with the greatest
placebo-corrected reduction from baseline to Week 12 observed in the 0.2 mg BID
treatment group (54.4%). Reductions in non-HDL-C did not reach statistical
significance. Reductions in TG were associated with improvements in other
markers for TG-rich lipoprotein metabolism, including reductions in apoB48,
apoCIII, and remnant cholesterol, and an increase in HDL-C levels.
Pemafibrate
increased LDL-C levels,
whereas apoB100 was unchanged.
Pemafibrate was safe and well-tolerated, with only minor increases in serum
creatinine and homocysteine concentrations.

Conclusion

Pemafibrate is effective, safe, and
well-tolerated for the reduction of TG in European populations with
hypertriglyceridemia despite statin treatment.
The Incidence of Adult-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review From 32 Countries and Regions
Authors: Harding Jessica L , Wander Pandora L , Zhang Xinge , Li Xia , Karuranga Suvi , Chen Hongzhi , Sun Hong , Xie Yuting , Oram Richard A , Magliano Dianna J , Zhou Zhiguang , Jenkins Alicia J , Ma Ronald CW
Published: March 2022

Background: The epidemiology
of adult-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) incidence is not well characterized due to
the historic focus on T1D as a childhood-onset disease.

Purpose: We assess the incidence of adult-onset (≥20
years) T1D, by country, from available data.

Data sources: A systematic review of Medline, Embase,
and the grey literature, through May 11, 2021, was undertaken.

Study selection: We included all population-based studies
reporting on adult-onset T1D incidence and published from 1990 onwards in
English.

Data
extraction: The search identified 1,374 reference of which 46 were included for data
extraction. Estimates of annual T1D incidence were ascribed into broad age
categories (20–39, 40–59, ≥60, or ≥20 years) as appropriate.

Data Synthesis: Overall, we observed the
following patterns: 1) there is a paucity of data, particularly in low-and
middle-income countries; 2) the incidence of adult-onset T1D is lowest in Asian
and highest in Nordic countries; 3) adult-onset
T1D is higher in men vs. women; 4) it is unclear if adult-onset T1D incidence
declines with increasing age; and 5) it is unclear if incidence of adult-onset
T1D has changed over time.

Limitations: Results are generalizable to
high-income countries, and misclassification of diabetes type cannot be ruled out.

Conclusions: From available data, this systematic review
suggests that the incidence of T1D in adulthood is substantial and
highlights the pressing
need to better distinguish T1D from T2D in adults so that we may better assess and respond to the true burden
of T1D in adults.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Risk of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Chen Xuan , Affinati Alison H. , Lee Yungchun , Turcu Adina F. , Henry Norah Lynn , Schiopu Elena , Qin Angel , Othus Megan , Clauw Dan , Ramnath Nithya , Zhao Lili
Published: March 2022

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a rare, irreversible immune-related
adverse event reported in patients receiving treatment with immune-checkpoint
inhibitors (ICI). However, clinical risk factors for ICI-induced T1DM
(ICI-T1DM) and its impact on survival in patients remain unknown.

Methods: We used de-identified Optum’s
Clinformatics® Datamart Database to assess
the incidence and characteristics of T1DM in a large cohort of patients treated
with ICI between 2017-2020. We applied Fine-Gray and cause-specific hazard models
to study associations between patient/treatment characteristics and ICI-T1DM and
applied the Cox model with ICI-T1DM as a time-varying covariate to assess the
impact of ICI-T1DM on survival.

Results: ICI-T1DM was observed in 261/30,337 (0.86%) patients. Dual use of anti-cytotoxic
T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or anti-programmed
cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) was associated with increasing risk of ICI-T1DM (HR=1.62;
95% CI, 1.15-2.26) vs. anti-PD-L1 or anti-PD1 alone. Younger age (HR=1.19 for
every 5-year decrease; 95% CI, 1.13-1.25) and pre-existing non-T1DM diabetes
(HR=4.48; 95% CI, 3.45-5.83) were also associated with higher risk of ICI-T1DM.
Conversely, prior use of immunosuppressive medications (HR=0.57; 95% CI, 0.34-0.95)
was associated with lower incidence of ICI-T1DM, but part of its protective effect may
be due to the increased mortality rate. Development of ICI-T1DM doesn’t seem to
significantly impact patient survival.

Conclusions: The risk of ICI-T1DM is associated with the type of ICI therapy,
patient age, and pre-existing non-T1DM diabetes. These data may help guide risk
assessment and screening practices of patients during ICI therapy.
Population and Habitat Suitability Index Model of Bali Starling (Leucopsar rothschildi) in West Bali National Park
Authors: Pramatana Fadlan , Hernowo Jarwadi Budi , Prasetyo Lilik Budi
Published: March 2022

Bali starling (Leucopsar rothschildi) is categorized as an endangered species based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) red list. Thus, preventing this species from extinction becomes very crucial.  One of the most important activities for this purpose is a soft release method to avoid birds’ mortality, which has been done in West Bali National Park (WBNP). However, this method creates the dependency of birds to the artificial treatment and may affect the distribution of Bali starling. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the population and habitat and create a habitat suitability index model for Bali starling in WBNP. Data were obtained by surveying the Bali starling population, including the number of individuals, distribution, age structure, sex ratio, natality, and mortality. Vegetation analysis was also conducted to determine habitat conditions. Finally, map interpretation data was used to develop a suitable habitat model for Bali starling in WBNP. The results showed that 63 Bali starling were found near the resort office, bird release sites, and binding bird cages. It indicated that the habitat of Bali starling has shifted from the soft release site. The habitat suitability index model of Bali starling in WBNP was Y = 17.145 + 6.640PC1 - 4.055PC2, showing the selected variables only give a moderate determination coefficient (R2 = 40.9%). The artificial treatment created by the WBNP authority seems to be another great factor influencing the existence and distribution of Bali starling in WBNP. It was also indicated that Bali starling could breed in the WBNP, but it tends to have a shifting habitat in the wild.  
Keywords: Bali starling, Geographic information system, Habitat suitability, Population
Un-Silencing the Past: A Juxtaposition of Personal and Political in Elif Shafak’s Novel, The Bastard of Istanbul
Authors: Islam Tajamul
Published: March 2022

This paper explores the thematic aspect of bastard and the alternative spaces present in the novel to show how Armenian genocide is addressed and unsilenced    from the censorship of the State. The juxtaposition of the Armenian issue with the tribulations of ‘Kazanci’ family is argued as a metaphorical and personalised account of Armenian genocide. Such an engagement with the past has been made possible by bringing political and personal together in the form of a family in Istanbul and a family in America; one belonging to a Muslim majority and the other belonging to an Armenian religious minority.
Training Culturally Congruent Health Coaches to be Socially-Embedded Support on Physical Activity among Older Asian Americans: Phase One Report
Authors: Caboral-Stevens Meriam , Wu Tsu-Yin
Published: March 2022

There is a reported heterogeneity in burden with cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Asian Americans subgroups. Physical inactivity is an identified key risk factor for CVD, across age and race/ethnic backgrounds. The latest data showed that 42% of Asian Americans are physically inactive.  Health coaching is a rapidly emerging primary or supplemental intervention to address issues related to preventable chronic illness, including physical inactivity. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to describe Phase One of this project - training of culturally congruent Health Coaches as socially embedded social support to promote physical activity to their older Asian communities. A 3-day training curriculum was developed based on the four pillars of Health Coaching and the Transtheoretical Model of Change. Fifteen Asian Americans Health Coaches were trained using this curriculum. Fifteen health coaches completed the 3-day training. Phase Two of this project is ongoing and results may provide information on the long-term effects of health coaching among older Asian Americans.
The comparable study of isoelectronic-bodies of single-walled B/N nanotubes
Authors: Zhao Hua , Tian Chunchua , Wang Suna , Sun Dezhi , Zhang Chong
Published: March 2022

he structure, thermodynamic stability, ionization potential (IP) and electron affinity (EA) energy level difference (Eg) and tension of lowest unoccupied orbit (LUMO) and highest occupied orbit (HOMO) of armchair single wall carbon nanotubes (C-NTs), BN hybrid carbon nanotubes (BC2N-NTs) and all BN nanotubes (BN-NTs) were systematically studied with AM1 method in this paper. Calculation results show that when n value is constant, (n, n) C-NTs (n = 3,4,5,6) has the largest diameter and BN-NTs has the smallest diameter; (n, n) the values of Eg (HOMO-LUMO) and n of C-NTs and BC2N-NTs are related; POAV analysis shows that different hybrid atoms have different contributions to the hybrid mode of nanotube atoms and the tension of nanotubes.
Research progress in applying nanomaterials in the field of functional textiles
Authors: Wu Fang , Ge Jinlong , Qin Yingyue , Li Zongqun , Li Qiulin
Published: March 2022

The ways of developing functional textiles based on nanomaterials were introduced, and the latest research achievements of nanomaterials in such aspects as flame retardancy, antibacterial, super-hydrophobic, self-cleaning, UV resistance, and anti-static textiles were reviewed. The main technical obstacles to the large-scale application of nanomaterials in functional textiles were pointed out, the possible solutions were discussed, and the development of functional textiles by nanomaterials has been prospected.
Dano moral e mero aborrecimento
Authors: Boschetto Luis Eduardo Baggio , Moreira Vlademir Vilanova
Published: March 2022

O dano moral é uma espécie de indenização, que tem como gênero a responsabilidade civil. Com sua caracterização dentro de um caso concreto, busca-se a reparação ao lesado, de modo que se ofereça o mais próximo da realidade anterior ao evento danoso que resultou na responsabilização do agente causador. Com o tempo, o mero aborrecimento passou a ser figura presente dentro das decisões sobre o tema, sendo capaz de configurar situações específicas como meros dissabores do cotidiano, incapazes de gerarem o dever de indenizar, por parte do agente causador do evento danoso. Apresenta-se um estudo bibliográfico, qualitativo, de natureza aplicada com objetivo exploratório. Enfoca-se na contextualização do dano moral e do mero aborrecimento nas relações de consumo, em especial nos julgados decorrentes de ações indenizatórias. Realizou-se uma análise histórica da jurisprudência do Superior Tribunal de Justiça acerca do dano moral, em especial nas demandas de consumo, desde o advento do Código Consumerista em 1990. Ao final, constatou-se que a caracterização do dano moral sofreu consubstancial relativização, na medida em que o fenômeno do mero aborrecimento surgiu e passou a ganhar força na jurisprudência, configurando situações específicas dentro da seara consumerista, como meros dissabores do cotidiano, não passíveis de indenização.
Contratos licitatórios firmados no município de Canoinhas no exercício 2020 frente ao regramento pandêmico
Authors: Passos Gilberto dos , Trevisani Anieli Schiessl
Published: March 2022

No estudo procura-se evidenciar a aplicação das legislações vigentes no período de pandemia instaurado pelo coronavírus, nos processos licitatórios no Município de Canoinhas, promovendo a verificação dos contratos de aquisição de bens, serviços e insumos firmados no ano de 2020 sob a égide dos regramentos pandêmicos, haja vista, que o novo coronavírus trouxe demandas de uso emergencial, que precisariam ser rapidamente sanadas pela Administração Pública. Todavia, as operações realizadas pelos órgãos públicos precisam estar amparadas na legalidade dos atos, combinadas com a transparência prezando sempre pela eficácia para atender as necessidades da sociedade. Dessa forma, a pesquisa desenvolvida foi a bibliográfica e documental, de revisão doutrinária, com bases no método dedutivo, a discussão pautou-se em tabelas elaboradas a partir das informações disponibilizadas pelo Município de Canoinhas no seu sítio eletrônico e evidenciou que os novos regramentos foram eficazes na simplificação dos processos de contratações públicas, notadamente no enfrentamento as necessidades vinculadas a pandemia.
Effects of Demographic Characteristics and Consumer Behavior in the selection of Retail Pharmacies and Over-the-Counter Medicine
Authors: Kevrekidis D.P. , Mináriková D. , Markos A.
Published: March 2022

Aim

The study aimed to provide new insights into consumer behaviour by identifying the key demographic factors that influence the choice of pharmacy and over-the-counter (OTC) medicine.

Materials and Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban area (Thessaloniki, Greece), surveying a convenience sample of 314 consumers with a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using the chi-square test, one-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) and Spearman's rho correlation coefficient.

Results

Respondents with a lower educational level and retired consumers tended to make their purchases in a single pharmacy (p < 0.001). Older participants were more likely to consider the pharmacy staff and additional services to be important factors (p < 0.01). Students were the only group to prefer a formal relationship with the pharmacy staff (p < 0.001). Participants with a lower educational level tended to know exactly what they would buy (p < 0.05), whereas women made more unscheduled purchases of OTCs (p < 0.05). Respondents with a higher income assigned more importance to the product's country of origin (p < 0.05) and manufacturing company (p < 0.01) and less importance to the pharmacist's opinion than those of a lower income (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The educational level, occupation and age of consumers have a marked effect in their selection of pharmacy, and along with gender and personal income, in their choice of OTC medicine. Our findings yield implications for the management of community pharmacies.
Reducing Ableism and the Social Exclusion of People With Disabilities: Positive Impacts of Openness and Education
Authors: Conley Kaci T. , Nadler Dustin R.
Published: March 2022

Research has shown that people with disabilities (PWD) face ableism, which is associated with their social exclusion. Based on the existing literature regarding the social exclusion of PWD, we hypothesized for the current study that higher education levels, personal experiences with PWD, and openness would reduce ableism and negative attitudes of PWD and increase the social inclusion of PWD. Additionally, we hypothesized that a negative correlation would exist between social inclusion of PWD and ableism and negative attitudes of PWD, moderated by the personality trait openness. Participants consisted of adults (N = 364) who identified as mostly White, female, and nondisabled, and were asked to complete an electronic survey consisting of 4 pre-existing scales measuring ableism, negative attitudes of PWD, social inclusion, and openness. The data were analyzed using regression analyses, t tests, ANOVAs, and moderation analyses. The results showed that higher education levels (R2 = .02) and personal experiences with PWD (d = –0.35) predicted lower ableism. Additionally, more openness predicted more social inclusion (R2 = .03), less ableism (R2 = .14), and higher completed levels of education (R2 = .06). Further, voting for conservative political party candidates predicted higher levels of ableism (R2 = .11), and voting for liberal political party candidates predicted lower levels of ableism (R2 = .13). Although this study had some limitations, it highlights the importance of education and openness in reducing ableism and increasing the social inclusion of PWD.
IDENTIFIKASI PERMASALAHAN PENGANGGURAN: STUDI KASUS DI PEDESAAN (DESA SELAT, KABUPATEN KLUNGKUNG)
Authors: Suasih Ni Nyoman Reni , Karmini Ni Luh
Published: March 2022

Pengangguran merupakan salah satu masalah makro ekonomi yang menghambat pembangunan daerah karena akan menimbulkan masalah-masalah sosial lainnya. Fenomena pengangguran di pedesaan menjadi masalah serius bagi Desa Selat, Kabupaten Klungkung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kondisi dan faktor penyebab pengangguran, serta kondisi pasar tenaga kerja di Desa Selat. Data pada penelitian ini dikumpulkan melalui teknik kuesioner, wawancara, dan FGD. Selanjutnya data dianalisis melalui teknik analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan gambaran ketenagakerjaan di Desa Selat, dimana persentase penduduk pada usia kerja yang tidak bekerja tercatat cukup tinggi, yaitu 33,85%. Meskipun permintaan tenaga kerja di Desa Selat hampir tidak setinggi di perkotaan, namun masyarakat yang tidak bekerja enggan untuk bermigrasi ke kota. Pasar tenaga kerja tersegmentasi menjadi sektor formal dan sektor informal. Penyebab menganggur dapat diklasifikasikan atas faktor pendidikan, keterampilan, upah, informasi, dan ketersediaan lapangan pekerjaan. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan mengenai Mata Pencaharian Alternatif (MPA).
Produktivitas Sufiks -te dan -shu dalam Bahasa Jepang
Authors: Lestari Ni Putu Wulan , Widya Purnawati Ketut , Andry Anita Dewi Ni Made
Published: March 2022

This study is a corpus-based analysis that aims to investigate the productivity of the -te and -shu suffixes as agent-forming suffixes in Japanese as well as the structure of noun formation by adding these two suffixes. The theories used in this research are the theory of productivity by Baayen (1992) and the theory of Japanese morphology by Tsujimura (2013). Based on the results of the analysis on the Japanese News 2020 100K corpus, it was found that the suffix -te is more productive as a form of agent nominals. The suffix -te when attached to an infinitive verb denotes a person who conducts a certain action while the suffix -shu when attached to a Sino-Japanese verbal noun, noun, or bound morphemes denotes one’s profession.
ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE AND FINANCIAL VIABILITY OF A BROILER CHICKEN FARMING BUSINESS IN A CLOSED HOUSE SYSTEM (Case Study At Ud. Pande In Pejeng Village, Tampaksiring Sub-District, Gianyar District)
Authors: M. Z. A. J. PUTRA , SUKANATA I W. , WIRAPARTHA M.
Published: March 2022

This study aims to determine the performance of production, the feasibility of financial and Break Even Point of broiler chicken with the closed house system. The research starting from February 2020 until March 2020 in UD. Pande located in Pejeng Village, Tampaksiring District, Gianyar Regency. This study used primary and secondary data. Variables observed in this study is the performance of production broiler chickens include: body weight, we- ight gain, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), depletion and Performance Index (IP), as well as the feasibility of financial include: Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Benefit per Cost (Net B / C), Pay Back Period (PBP) and Break Even Point (BEP). The data research analyzed with quantitative descriptive analysis. The results of the research study show that the average harvesting age of broiler chickens is 34 days, the average harvest weight 1,880 kg, the average body weight gain 1,836 kg, the average FCR 1.583, the average depletion 3,82%, the average performance index 328,81. Based on the results of financial analysis, this farm produces NPV 103,772,930, IRR 16,35%, Net B/C 1.40, Pay Back Period within 0.37 years, BEP within 9.97 years, BEP of production live chickens of 132,600 kg/year, BEP, of the price of live chickens Rp. 14.924/kg. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the broiler chickens reared with the closed house partnership system are good and feasible to run.
GROWTH PROFILE OF ETAWAH CROSSBREDS AT SMALLHOLDER FARMS IN KAMPUNG BUGIS SERANGAN VILLAGE DENPASAR BALI
Authors: S. FRANGESTU , DOLOKSARIBU L. , OKA A. A.
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to identify body dimensions that influenced the growth of goats reared in Bugis Village, Serangan Village, Denpasar, Bali. Data were obtained through direct observations, formal goat farmer in- terviews and key informant interviews that were conducted from April to July 2018. Two of the remaining three farmers who still kept rearing goats in Serangan Village were involved in this study. Each farmer housed his goats with a colony housing system and fed forages 10% of total body weight/day (control). One farmer supplemented ad- ditional feed of dwarf elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) silage (treatment). The variables observed: body weights, chest circumferences, body lengths, height of withers, and rump heights. This result showed that the body weight of 8 control goats was 30.67 ± 239 kg, which was significantly heavier than those of 29 treatment goats 20.65 ± 1.28 kg (P<0,05), however body weight of the treatment goats aged >5 years 38.73 ± 1.09 kg was significan- tly heavier than 33.33 ± 209 kg of those of the control goats (P<0.05). The highest correlation value in this result showed R2=0.964 between body weight and body length.
More Than Our Enemy: Making Space for the Microbiome in Pharmacy Education
Authors: Collier Sarah P , Weldon Abby J , Johnson Jessica L
Published: March 2022

The microbiome is the collection of commensal microorganisms along with their genomes inhabiting the human body. Despite the many known beneficial effects of these microbes on human health, the 2016 ACPE Standards for Doctor of Pharmacy curricula describe Medical Microbiology in Appendix 1 with a pathogen-centered focus. Over the last twenty years, evolving biotechnology has enabled a deeper understanding of the microbiome in the context of both wellness and disease. Retail stores are allocating increasing shelf space to commercial probiotic products, while the approach to PharmD training on the selection and use of these natural care products remains static, creating a disproportionate footprint between PharmD curricula and consumer markets. Looking to the future of patient care, we brief pharmacy educators on the current evidence and invite discussion around a proposed revision to the 2025 ACPE Standards that would add language recognizing the beneficial role of the commensal microbiota and expanding therapeutic applications of microbiome supplementation. We suggest a variety of opportunities within Doctor of Pharmacy curricula as leverage points for including relevant aspects of the microbiome in the training of future pharmacists.