bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Mycorrhizal Fungi Spore in Environment of Medan State University
Authors: Sirait Gloria , Hasairin Ashar , Edi Syahmi
Published: March 2023

Mycorrhizal is a the symbiotic association between the roots of higher plants and the mycelium of certain fungi. Mycorrhizal has benefits for improving plant nutrition and increasing growth, as biological protection, involved in the Bio-Geo-Chemical cycle, increasing nutrient absorption from the soil to increase plant resistance to extreme drought and humidity. Research on mycorrhizal spores was carried out in 3 places with high levels of mycorrhizal diversity, humid areas, and lush trees, namely in the forest of the Medan State University campus, Jl. Williem Iskandar, Kec. Medan Tebung City of Medan. This research is limited to knowing the diversity of mycorrhizal spores in the forest of Medan State University. Mycorrhizae observed on the roots of Swietenia macrophylla. Observations focused on the morphology of mycorrhizal spores observed under a microscope. The results showed that the mycorrhizal that were successfully identified and observed around the Medan State University Campus Forest were Gigaspora sp. 1 (10 x 40), Gigaspora sp. 2 (10 x 40), Acaulospora sp. 1 (10x40) Acaulospora sp. 2 (10 x 40), Glomus sp. 1 (10 x 40), Glomus sp. 2 (10 x 40), Glomus sp. 3 (10 x 40), Glomus sp. 4 (10 x 40), Glomus sp. 5 (10 x 40), Glomus sp. 5 (10 x 40), Gigaspora sp. 3 (10 x 40).
Classification of Beef and Lamb Patterns Using Conducting Polymer Sensor Series and Kohonen Algorithm Method
Authors: Simanjuntak Benrad Edwin , Situmorang Marhaposan , Humaidi Syahrul , Sinambela Marzuki
Published: March 2023

Beef and lamb each have a distinctive aroma. Classification of beef and lamb based on the aroma of the meat using an electronic nose. This electronic nose uses a series of sensors consisting of 6 (six) pieces and uses a Conducting Polymer. This polymer has a high resistance so it is widely used as an insulator. However, this resistance has a certain limit where the polymer surface will turn into carbon and conduct electric current if exposed to excessive electric charge. This research was conducted by taking samples of beef and lamb as test samples where these meats were placed in a closed container at room temperature. Data is taken alternately every day to find out the odor of each meat where on the first day data is taken from the odor of beef and on the second day data is taken from the odor of lamb. A two-layer neural network consisting of six input nodes and three output neurons is trained using the Kohonen algorithm with the training process completed in 31 iterations. The test was carried out 20 times for each exposure to steam from the odor of beef and lamb which was carried out alternately. The percentage of success of the system is reaching 90%.
Evaluation on Structure, System, and Component Qualification in the Periodic Safety Review of RSG-GAS
Authors: Hastuti Endiah Puji , Purwadi Purwadi , Sudarmono Sudarmono , Rohanda Anis , Permana Sidik
Published: March 2023

In order to obtain license renewal for RSG-GAS operation expired in 2020, an evaluation on periodic safety review (PSR) should be performed as required by BAPETEN regulation. This PSR had been done from 2005 to 2015. The objectives of the qualification review is to ensure that the critical structure, system, and component (SSC) for safety fulfils the requirements. SSC, which is important to safety, is reviewed in term of its environment, service frequency, aging mechanism, aging mitigation, and aging degradation detection. The results of this detection are evaluated to achieve sustainable and safe operation and to identify SSC replacement and repair before a failure occurs. From the evaluation results, it can be concluded that SSC qualification during the period of 2005 – 2015 still fulfils the requirements so that safe and sustainable operation of RSG-GAS is assured.
Implementation of Three Types of Sensors for Monitoring Plant Development in Hydroponic Media
Authors: Prasetyo Vincentius Riandaru , Jayadinata Yudhistira Anggara , Ramadhan Naufal Muflih
Published: March 2023

Hydroponics is an agricultural cultivation system without using soil media. Hydroponics is an agricultural activity carried out using water as a medium to replace soil. Hydroponics emphasizes meeting the nutritional needs of plants through the flow of water. If nutrients are given through fertilizer in soil media, then in hydroponics, the nutrients are dissolved and flow through water. The concentration of nutrients that dissolve in water will affect the high and low pH of the water. The pH level in the water will affect the development and growth of plants. In addition, air humidity can also affect plant growth, especially for plants grown in a greenhouse. Therefore, special attention is needed to maintain the pH level in the water. The particular concern is when is the right time to replace the water or add nutrients to the water. However, the large land area and the limited number of workers owned by the partners make it difficult for them to monitor the development and growth of existing plants. Therefore, a sensor will be installed in the hydroponic system to monitor the plant's development and growth. Based on the results of the tests and evaluations, the three hydroponic monitoring sensors, which include the pH sensor, nutrient solution concentration sensor, and air humidity sensor, may be properly programmed on the Arduino. The measurements between sensors and manual measurements showed an error value of 0.36% for pH measurements, 0.56% for EC measurements, and 0.42% for humidity measurements.
IoT Based Fermentation Incubator for Automating UMKM Industry of Tempeh
Authors: Saharudin Saharudin , Hapsari Novy , Aisyah Tita , Putra Galuh Fajar Sunarto
Published: March 2023

Mukherjee and friends had written that the fermentation process of tempeh can increase the nutritional value, organoleptic properties, and digestibility of the product, as well as increase the bioavailability of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, in easily digestible sizes. Therefore, fermentation process needs more attention to produce best quality tempeh. In order to automate the industry process on making tempeh, the incubator for fermentation is designed to meet market needs so that it can be implemented by tempeh industry. The time required for the conventional tempeh fermentation process ranges from 24 hours to 40 hours and can be exacerbated by the transition season (uncertain temperature). The study aims to reduce human dependence on controlling temperature and humidity as well as shorten the time in the fermentation process and reduce failures in making tempeh by designing a tempeh incubator and applying the concept of the internet of things (IoT) using MCU32 Node and firebase as a real time database. To apply the IoT-based tempeh incubator, there are several discussions in this paper, namely control systems, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, android, Arduino Mega 2560 and IoT architecture. temperature and humidity sensors as leading devices that are in direct contact with real conditions using a DHT22 sensor which has 2 functions at once to read temperature and humidity then sent to Arduino Mega 2560 with C++ language as reference data to turn on/off (6 Fan 12 V Dc and 2 Spiral Heaters). This control process is configured fully automatically by the system. After going through the testing stages that the temperature and humidity control will work when the room temperature is below 31°C and above 33°C. From the results of testing the tempeh incubator, the average temperature is 31°C and humidity is 84.33% and the time required for tempeh fermentation is 20 hours, which is 4 hours faster than conventional process.
Self-medication with antibiotics among non-academic staff members of a Sri Lankan state university
Authors: De Silva Y. , Amaratunga H. , Jayawardane P. , Wijekoon C. N.
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Studies have shown that the public knowledge on antibiotics is poor although antibiotic self-medication is common. This study aimed to determine the knowledge and utilization patterns with regard to self-medication with antibiotics among non-academic staff members of a Sri Lankan University.
Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, among non-academic staff members of a selected state university in Western Province of Sri Lanka. Consecutive sampling was used and data were obtained using a self-administered questionnaire and analysed using SPSS, version-22.
Results: There were 321 participants (response rate - 80%); There were 61.5% of females; mean age was 36.8±8.8 years. Of the participants 40.2% self-medicated with antibiotics at least once during the past 12 months. Out of them 73.6% used amoxicillin. Commonest disease treated was common cold (68.2%). The commonest reason for self-medication was that they had been prescribed with the same medicines for similar symptoms in the past (78.2%). Of the participants who self-medicated 89.9% had got them from a community pharmacy. Antibiotics were stopped by 87.6% when their symptoms disappeared and 64% kept the leftover antibiotics at home for future usage. Majority of the respondents, 206/321 (64.17%) showed a low level of knowledge, while 105/321 (32.71%) showed a moderate level of knowledge while only 10/321 (3.12%) showed a high level of knowledge. The median knowledge score was 58 (Interquartile range, IQR: 42 - 67) meaning that the overall knowledge of the participants was inadequate.
Conclusions: More than one-third of the non-academic staff members in the selected university is practicing self-medication with antibiotics. Majority had a poor level of knowledge and practices on antibiotics and their usage.
Toxic leukoencephalopathy in a young male caused by complex poisoning of laundry detergent ‘Prinso’ and 2-Methyl-4- chlorophenoxyacetic acid
Authors: Gunathilaka M. D. N. , Abeywickrama A.
Published: March 2023

No abstract available
Lessons in personal change; how a book helped me to be an effective leader
Authors: Ariyananda P. L.
Published: March 2023

In the aftermath of the December 2004 Asian tsunami, as the newly elected Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, I had to face many challenges. A self-help book, titled “The 7-Habits of Highly Effective People” authored by Dr. Stephen R Covey, had a profound positive effect on my life, empowered me and helped to overcome these challenges. The unique feature of this book is that it advises on character building rather than achieving success as in most self-help books. The 7-habits that are recommended by Dr. Covey are: be proactive; begin with the end in mind; put first things first; think win-win; seek first to understand, and then to be understood; synergize; sharpen the saw. Each habit is discussed, followed by an example of project/activities for which I gave initiative and leadership.
Deliberate self-harm with chemicals; ingestion of fabric stain removers, agrochemicals etc.
Authors: Goonesinghe Satish K. , Waidyarathne Eisha I.
Published: March 2023

No abstract available
An incidental diagnosis of crossed fused ectopia of kidneys in a child
Authors: Sinhabahu V. P. , Liyanarachchi C. L. , Kospelawaththa D. C. T.
Published: March 2023

No abstract available
First reported case of erythrodermic sarcoidosis with systemic involvement during vaccination for Covid-19
Authors: Tchernev Georgi , Kordeva Simona , Kirilova Heily , Broshtilova Valentina
Published: March 2023

Post-vaccinal and parainfectious activation of the immunity with subsequent development of a certain immunological/skin-immunological disease isn’t rare in the clinical practice. This concept is mentioned in relation to molecular/antigenic mimicry. To this day, the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis and sarcoid-type reactions remains a mystery. Moreover, they can be a warning sign of changes in tissue homeostasis, whether it is infectious, non-infectious-immunological, tumor-related, etc. We present a rare form of erythrodermic sarcoidosis with massive systemic involvement (pericarditis, supraventricular tachycardia, hepatitis, iritis/iridocyclitis, pulmonary fibrosis/bihilar lymphadenopathy, and arthritis) developed after receiving the ChadOx1-S vaccine for Covid-19. Systemic immunosuppressive therapy with Methylprednisolone was introduced according to a scheme (in a reduction mode with an initial dose of 40 mg/day intravenously) in combination with: topical Pimecrolimus 1% cream twice a day. Rapid improvement of the symptoms was observed within the first two days of treatment. According to the references in the scientific literature, the presented patient turns out to be the first case of erythrodermic sarcoidosis (with systemic involvement), described as a side effect after vaccination and/or administration of a certain medicinal form.
Systematic review of the anthropometric profile of female futsal players 2010-2020
Authors: Gomez-Campos Rossana , Vidal-Espinoza Ruben , Muñoz-Muñoz Fredy , Alvear Vasquez Fernando , Portugal Margot Rivera , Urzua Alul Luis , Mendez-Cornejo Jorge , Cossio-Bolaños Marco
Published: March 2023

The objective was to summarize the scientific literature on the anthropometric characteristics of female futsal players. A systematic review documentary study was carried out. SCOPUS, PUBMED and SCIELO databases were used to search for information on primary studies related to the anthropometric profile of women's indoor soccer (elite and non-elite). The keywords used were: futsal, female, anthropometry. The range of years for the search was from 2010 to 2020. To analyze anthropometric differences, two groups were formed: group A: elite and group B: non-elite. 31 primary studies were identified, 22 (71%) in Scopus, 5 (16.1%) in PUBMED and 4 (12.9%) in SCIELO. Three publication languages were considered (English, Spanish and Portuguese) and 6 countries were identified (Brazil, Spain, Iran, Turkey, Venezuela and Italy). Players in the elite group evidenced higher weight, height, and BMI relative to their non-elite counterparts. Discrepancy in anthropometric characteristics between elite and non-elite players was verified. These results suggest that in order to participate in competitions at the highest level in women's futsal, they should have greater weight, height and BMI than their non-elite counterparts.
Littoral chironomids and oligochaetes in the subalpine Lake Maggiore: a first dataset
Authors: Zaupa Silvia , Boggero Angela , Kamburska Lyudmila
Published: March 2023

A dataset of 227 oligochaetes and 373 chironomids occurrence records from the subalpine Lake Maggiore, a large and deep temperate lake in Northern-Western Italy and Switzerland was developed within the Interreg Italy-Switzerland 2014-2020 Parchi Verbano Ticino Project (ID:481668) funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). The lake belongs to the national (LTER-Italy), European (LTER-Europe) and International (ILTER) long-term ecological research networks. Data were collected during the summer-autumn period in 2019-2021. Chironomids (Insecta, Diptera) and oligochaetes (Annelida, Clitellata) were identified to genus/species gr./species level by the authors. All 600 occurrence records are georeferenced and organised in a standardised Darwin Core Archive format. These data gathered along the littoral areas of Lake Maggiore will contribute to the development of common implementation strategies for shared and sustainable water management level of the lake, with particular reference to the protected natural areas (sites belonging to Natura 2000 network in Italy and to the Emerald Network in Switzerland). The authors strongly believe in the great potential of open access occurrence records in biogeographical studies and ecological research in the context of global environmental changes. For that reason, the dataset has been uploaded to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), an intergovernmental free and open access biodiversity data infrastructure.
Summary of the 2016 World Health Organization Report and 2021 Compendium on environmental diseases
Authors: Bertolina Carlotta , Farotto Marianna , Crivellari Stefania , Giacchero Fabio , Grasso Chiara , Bertolotti Marinella , Maconi Antonio
Published: March 2023

The report written by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2016 presents an extensive assessment to show how the improvement of the environment can promote health and well-being. The awareness of how many diseases could be avoided by focusing on environmental risk factors would give a boost to global efforts to promote preventive health. The results obtained by the quantitative analysis on the burden of diseases attributable to the environment, confirm that 24% of global deaths and 26% of deaths among children under 5 years are caused by modifiable environmental risk factors. For this reason, this report strongly supports the idea that the environment is a solid platform for good public, community and individual health. Furthermore, in 2021, WHO with the United Nations developed a Compendium, which provides strategies and key guidance for acting on environmental conditions as a key contributor to reducing many communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). In the following article we examined the environment-related diseases according to WHO paperwork.
Regional lake sediment geochemical data from east-central Labrador (NTS 013-I, 013-J, 013-K 013-N, and 013-O): reanalysis data and QA/QC evaluation
Authors: McCurdy M W , Rice J M , Campbell H
E , Paulen R C
Published: March 2023

This report presents the geochemical data, quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) results of the reanalysis of lake sediment samples collected from east-central Labrador (NTS 013-I, 013-J, 013-K, 013- N, and 013-O). The original lake surveys were conducted
in 1977, 1978, 1983, 1987 and 1992, and the reanalysis was initiated in 2022. Original survey results are presented in Geological Survey of Canada open files 513, 558, 997, 1636, 1637, 2645, 2646, 2648, and 2650. Lake sediments from 3 736 archived site samples were re-analyzed, covering an
approximate area of 44 000 km2, with an average density of 1 sample per 18 km2. Samples were measured for 65 elements via modified aqua-regia - ICP-MS. To ensure high quality geochemical data, the data were evaluated for accuracy, precision, and fitness-forpurpose. QA/QC results have identified
several elements to be monitored carefully for future analyses.
Millennial leaders and leadership styles displayed in the workplace
Authors: Easton Carolyn , Steyn Renier
Published: March 2023

Purpose: The aim of this research was to test the assumption of differences between leadership styles adopted by leaders across generations, as perceived by their subordinates, on the premise that millennials hold different values from other generations, and that these values, in turn, have an impact on their leadership styles.Design/methodology/approach: This research was conducted in South Africa, in a variety of organisations, and by sampling employees across three generations, namely millennials, Generation X and baby boomers. Cross-sectional data were collected with an instrument based on the Pearce leadership typology of leadership styles. After confirming reliability and general factorial validity, mean scores were compared using analyses of variance.Findings/results: The results of the study found practically significant differences between millennial leaders and Generation X leaders in the extent to which they apply empowering and transformational leadership styles, as perceived by their subordinates. In absolute terms, millennial leaders display less leadership behaviour than do those of Generation X, with regard to these leadership approaches.Practical implications: Organisations involved in the development of millennial leaders should be aware that interventions should not blindly align to the stereotypes associated with this generation. Further research is also needed to determine which leadership styles are effective with millennial leaders.Originality/value: The millennial generation has emerged in the workplace as the new leadership pipeline, yet there appears to be a lack of research on how millennials want to lead. This study contributes to a nuanced understanding of and improved development of the millennial generation leaders.
The role of chest imaging in the management of children with COVID-19
Authors: Annapureddy Prudhvinath R. , Babu Thirunavukkarasu Arun
Published: March 2023

COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus infection that can cause a severe respiratory illness and has been declared a pandemic by the WHO. Compared with adults, most pediatric patients with COVID-19 are mostly asymptomatic, whereas others show distinctive characteristics in clinical presentation and imaging. Most of the pulmonary lesions were ambiguous on chest radiographs. The routine use of computer tomography of chest in the evaluation of children with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 is useful in diagnosing and monitoring pediatric COVID-19 pneumonia. Clinicians and radiologists should become familiar with the computed tomography findings of COVID-19, as the early detection of lesions by computed tomography is conducive to reasonable management and early treatment for pediatric patients. This minireview examines the most recent evidence to recommend usage of chest imaging modalities in children with COVID-19.
Comparing health-related quality-of-life scores in well-controlled asthmatic children and adolescents with their parents using PedsQL 3.0 asthma scales in our practice
Authors: El-Baz Mohamed S. , Sawey Samar M. , Mogahed Engy A. , Taher Eman , Saleh Sara
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Bronchial asthma strongly affects the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of children in many aspects including physical, emotional, social, and school functioning. Child self-reports of QOL are valid for measuring HRQOL, but the parent proxy reports also provide additional important information.

Aim

To assess the agreement between the child self-reports of HRQOL and the parent proxy reports among the children and adolescents with well-controlled bronchial asthma.

Patients and methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 75 asthmatic patients aged between 8 and 18 years and their parents who were being followed up in the allergy outpatient clinic in the Department of Pediatrics, Cairo University. HRQOL was assessed by the PedsQL 3.0 asthma module.

Results

The mean±SD age of the patients was 10.08±1.70 years. Distribution of agreement between patients and parents showed that 40 (53.3%) cases showed agreement in different domains. Agreement between child and parent-by-proxy was 54.3% in the asthma domain, 45.3% in the treatment domain, 34.7% in the worry domain, and 17.3% in the communication domain. A statistically significant correlation was found between QOL in child and parent in all domains; the correlation was strong in the asthma and worry domains and weak in the treatment and the communication domains, where in the asthma domain, confidence interval (CI) was 0.803 (0.690–0.875), with a P value of 0.000; in the treatment domain, CI was 0.305 (0.080–0.499), with a P value of 0.009; in the worry domain, CI was 0.539 (0.357–0.682), with a P value 0.000; and finally, in the communication domain, the CI was 0.374 (0.163–0.552), with a P value of 0.000.

Conclusion

There was a lack of convergence between the child self-report and the parent’s report of the PedsQL 3.0 asthma module. Asthmatic children’s self-reports were more accurate than parent proxy reports for the assessment of HRQOL. Parent proxy reports should be spared to very young children or children who lack the logical or analytical ability needed for answering the questionnaire.
Diagnostic Performance of Endosonography to Detect Mediastinal Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Radiological N1 Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Kim Bo-Guen , Cho Jong Ho , Shin Sun Hye , Lee Kyungjong , Um Sang-Won , Kim Hojoong , Kim Jhingook , Shim Young Mog , Jeong Byeong-Ho
Published: March 2023

Purpose Guidelines recommend that non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with suspected hilar lymph node (LN) metastases should undergo invasive mediastinal LN staging prior to surgical treatment via endosonography. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of endosonography for detecting occult mediastinal metastases (OMM) and determined the factors associated with OMM in NSCLC patients with radiological N1.Materials and Methods Patients with confirmed primary NSCLC with radiological N1 who underwent endosonography for nodal staging assessment from January 2013 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The prevalence of OMM was found to be 83/279 (29.7%) and only 38.6% (32/83) were diagnosed via endosonography. However, five of them were confirmed as N3 by endosonography. The overall diagnostic sensitivity, negative predictive value, accuracy, and area under the curve of endosonography were 38.6%, 79.4%, 81.7%, and 0.69, respectively. In multivariable analysis, central tumor (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15 to 3.68; p=0.016), solid tumor (aOR, 10.24; 95% CI, 1.32 to 79.49; p=0.026), and adenocarcinoma (aOR, 3.01; 95% CI, 1.63 to 5.55; p < 0.001) were related to OMM in radiological N1 NSCLC patients.Conclusion Although the sensitivity of endosonography for detecting OMM was only 40%, the prevalence of OMM was not low (30%) and some cases even turned out to be N3 diseases. Clinicians should be aware that OMM may be more likely in patients with central, solid, and adenocarcinomatous tumor when performing nodal staging in radiological N1 NSCLC via endosonography.
The Effect of Turbulence on the Hydrocarbon Emissions from Combustion in a Constant Volume Reactor
Authors: Isack A.J. , Askey J. , Adamczyk A.A. , Lavoie G.A. , Kach R.A.
Published: March 2023

A cylindrical combustion bomb with dynamic charging system and electro-hydraulic sampling valve is used to study the effects of turbulence on hydrocarbon (HC) emissions from a quench layer and from artificial crevices. The turbulence level is varied by changing the delay time between induction of combustible charge and ignition. Propane-air mixtures were studied over an initial pressure range of 150 to 500 kPa and equivalence ratios of 0.7 to 1.4.

Sampling valve experiments show that quench-layer fuel hydrocarbons are extensively oxidized within 5 ms of flame arrival under laminar conditions and that turbulence further reduces the already low level. Upper limit estimates of the residual wall layer HC concentration show that residual quench layer hydrocarbons are only a small fraction of the exhaust HC emission.

Artificial crevice experiments show that the exhaust HC emission is directly proportional to crevice volume and that the initial equivalence ratio strongly influences the species distribution in the exhaust. However, the experiments show little effect of turbulence on the HC emission from these crevices,
Giant Cell Fibroma in an Elderly Woman: A Report of a Rare, Late and Unusually Large Presentation
Authors: Oluwakuyide Remilekun T. , Castano Babalola O. , Akinshipo Abdulwarith O. , Ayodele Adeshina O.
Published: March 2023

BackgroundGiant cell fibroma (GCF) is a rare benign oral fibrous lesion which is predominantly found in the mandible of Caucasians but rarely in the maxilla and black population above the third decade of life.

Objective: To draw the attention of clinicians to a rare, late and unusually large presentation of Giant Cell Fibroma

Case report: The index case was a 68-year-old fisherwoman with a ten-year-old slow-growing painless swelling occupying the left anterior maxilla. The lesion crossed the midline to the right causing incompetent lips and teeth displacement leading to aesthetics and functional problems. Upon clinical examination, a provisional diagnosis of peripheral giant cell granuloma was made. Radiological essentially revealed a soft tissue mass, histopathological evaluations confirmed the diagnosis of GCF and the patient was prepared for surgical excision. A surgical excision of the soft tissue mass and peripheral ostectomy was performed.

Conclusion: GCF has distinct histopathologic features occurring in any age, race, site and decades of life; growing very large causing aesthetics and functional problems. Immunohistochemistry if available is an additional resource to unequivocally establish the diagnosis.
Buffering of Local Anaesthesia in Dentistry: A Review
Authors: Mujtaba Bala , Braimah Ramat Oyebunmi
Published: March 2023

Background: Local anaesthetics (LA) constitutes one of the most important aspects of pain management in dentistry. It is currently being stored and marketed in an acidic form to maximize stability, and water solubility and prolong shelf life. However, acidic local anaesthetic solution has been associated with certain disadvantages including the slow onset of action and, pain during its administration. Buffering of the local anaesthetics has been documented to decrease the pain of injection and, shorten the onset time of the anaesthesia thereby, providing more comfortable and reliable anaesthesia. Objective: To present a review of local anaesthetic buffering in dentistryData Sources: PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL and, MEDLINE databases were searched without a date limit. The phrases “local anaesthetic buffering” and Alkalinisation of local anaesthetics” were used to find articles related to local anaesthetic buffering.Study Selection: A total of 24 publications were included in this review and, buffering agents, mechanisms, methods and, benefits of local anaesthetic buffering were discussed.Finding: There was a paucity of literature on the effect of buffering on the duration of action of local anaesthetics. Conclusion: Dental professionals are advised to adopt chair-side buffering of LA to increase patient confidence and acceptance of dental treatment.
Pushdown Automata and Context-Free Grammars in Bisimulation Semantics
Authors: Baeten Jos C. M. , Carissimo Cesare , Luttik Bas
Published: March 2023

The Turing machine models an old-fashioned computer, that does not interact
with the user or with other computers, and only does batch processing.
Therefore, we came up with a Reactive Turing Machine that does not have these
shortcomings. In the Reactive Turing Machine, transitions have labels to give a
notion of interactivity. In the resulting process graph, we use bisimilarity
instead of language equivalence.
Subsequently, we considered other classical theorems and notions from
automata theory and formal languages theory. In this paper, we consider the
classical theorem of the correspondence between pushdown automata and
context-free grammars. By changing the process operator of sequential
composition to a sequencing operator with intermediate acceptance, we get a
better correspondence in our setting. We find that the missing ingredient to
recover the full correspondence is the addition of a notion of state awareness.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution Adoption: Challenges in South African Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Lubinga Stellah , Maramura Tafadzwa Clementine , Masiya Tyanai
Published: March 2023

The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) adoption in South Africa in higher education institutions (HEIs) has yet to be consistent. Despite the extensive literature on the possible contributions of technology to learners’ development, there is a lack of knowledge on barriers to the higher education sector's adoption of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) to support teaching and learning. The most highly ranked universities in South Africa have somewhat embraced the 4IR, representing only a fraction of the 26 public universities in the country. The study identified factors hindering the adoption and diffusion of 4IR technologies in South Africa’s HEIs. To address this knowledge gap, we relied on the diffusion of innovation theory as a guide. Using a qualitative approach, we collected data using documentary reviews and analyses of authoritative sources to conceptualise and contextualise 4IR. The findings revealed that 4IR adoption is not only about perceptions but is also influenced by material obstacles like conflicting global views on the 4IR, complexity in conceptualising 4IR, and the digital skills gap in HEIs, among other factors. To address these obstacles and realise the value of 4IR in HEIs, institutions must understand the educational scope associated with 4IR. This can be achieved by conducting more empirical research on the implications of 4IR on the education sector. To address the digital skills gap, institutions must design detailed skills plans to respond to their respective institutions' technological needs, redesign their pedagogical approaches by extending current practices to 4IR, and implement change management.
Integration Pattern Analysis of School & College Facilities with Residential Landuse by Space Syntax: A Case Study of Rangpur City
Authors: Roni Nazmul Ahmed , Ibne Iqbal Mian Md Jawad
Published: March 2023

Rangpur is one of Bangladesh's fastest-developing cities. The pedestrian and vehicular movement pressure of this city is increasing simultaneously with its rapid urbanization. A lot of educational institutions currently exist in this city. Most universities & medical colleges have accommodation facilities. The lack of accommodation seems quite prominent in schools and colleges. As there are no accommodation facilities in schools and colleges, the student has to move these educational facilities from their residence. Sometimes, this movement creates extra pressure on mainstream city traffic. In this paper, the focus has been given to the relation and integration pattern among these educational buildings, existing city road networks & residential areas by using space syntax. By comparing existing data with simulated data, I find existing school facilities of Rangpur city are well integrated with residential zones in local integration whether college facilities are concentrated in the north-east portion of the city which may generate extra traffic congestion in further urbanization.
SIGNWRITING: RESSIGNIFICANDO METODOLOGIAS COM VISTAS AO LETRAMENTO DO ALUNO SURDO
Authors: FERNANDES DE AMORIM THAÍS , DO NASCIMENTO MORAES CAMPELO MOREIRA WANÚBYA , SILVA BELO GEOVANE , AFONSO DE OLIVEIRA LILIANE
Published: March 2023

Apesar dos avanços na educação de surdos, vê-se metodologias ineficazes no processo de ensino/aprendizado do aluno surdo. Assim, o presente artigo traz como método possível a escrita de sinais, o SignWriting - SW, apontando que a mesma oportuniza ao aluno surdo uma maior compreensão e contextualização da realidade em que está inserido. A escrita de língua de sinais é importante para os surdos que tem muita dificuldade de escrever em português. Enquanto um sistema simbólico repleto de significados, constitui-se como ferramenta eficiente para maximizar o desenvolvimento das funções psicológicas superiores dos aprendizes surdos, bem como fornece meios de aproximação com o sistema de escrita alfabética. Para discorrer sobre estas questões, nos embasamos teoricamente nos trabalhos de Sutton (2003), Stumpf (2005), Barreto (2015), Soares (1998) dentre outros. As considerações indicam que a escrita de língua de sinais incorporada à educação das crianças surdas pode significar um avanço significativo na consolidação de uma educação realmente bilíngue, na evolução das línguas de sinais e aponta para a possibilidade de novas abordagens ao ensino de língua portuguesa como segunda língua.
Purification and Characterization of Glutathione Reductase Enzyme from Arum Maculatum Leaf
Authors: BİLİR Gürkan , SARIAHMET Mücella , EKİNCİ Deniz
Published: March 2023

Arum species grow in temperate and Mediterranean climates and have been used for hundreds of years for food and medicinal purposes, although they are highly toxic if not cooked using proper techniques. Glutathione reductase (GR) is a member of the pyridine nucleotide disulfide oxidoreductase family of flavoenzymes that catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to reduced GSH using NADPH or NADH. In this study, GR enzyme was characterized by partial purification processes including homogenate preparation, ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis from the leaf of Arum maculatum plant. The highest enzyme activity was found at 40-60% saturation range. Optimum ionic strength, pH and substrate concentration were investigated for GR enzyme from A. maculatum leaf. As a result of the study, these values were found to be 150 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.00, and 0.18 mM, respectively. The GR enzyme was partially purified from the leaf of the A. maculatum with a specific activity of 1.640 EU mg-1 in 34.9% yield, 1.108-fold. This study is the first study in terms of purification and characterization of GR enzyme from A. maculatum leaf.
Strategy for Accelerating Development Ekonomi in Bangkalan Regency
Authors:   Development Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business UPN Veteran East Java., Wahed Mohammad , Taufiq M. ,   Development Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business UPN Veteran East Java.
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study is to understand the economic structure and economic growth patterns, know the leading sector sectors, know the distribution of natural resources, development facilities and infrastructure. This is the first step in the stages in regional planning of Bangkalan Regency. To support this, this study was carried out with several stages and types of analysis methods, namely: Location Quotient,, Shift Share, Skalogram and System Limpitan Sejajar. The largest economic structure of Bangkalan Regency was formed by the Agricultural sector but the growth of The economy is mainly supported by the trade sector. Meanwhile, the livelihood structure of the population is dominated by the agricultural sector, the mining sector and the trade sector. Economic sectors that are included in the leading categories in the Bangkalan area include: agriculture, mining, information, government administration and education services. In accordance with the hierarchy ranking, it can be seen that the districts that have the opportunity to become the center of economic growth in Bangkalan Regency are the districts in hierarchy I, namely Bangkalan District and Kamal District. Meanwhile, other sub-districts are supporting areas (hinterland) that help and support economic activities that occur in the central district of economic growth so that the two build each other.
Financial Distress Analysis as an Effort to Find out the Financial Condition of (Studi Pada Koperasi Unit Desa Gampengrejo II Kabupaten Kediri)
Authors:   Universitas Pawyatan Daha, Nana Romaha Riyanah,
Published: March 2023

The aim of this study is to predict financial distress in Gampengrejo KUD in 2018-2021 in lending. The research method uses Zmijewski. The analysis to be measured is ROA, DER and CR. The results of this study are the prediction of financial distress in KUD Gampengrejo in 2018-2021 in providing credit to customers with different results. In 2018 Zmijewski's value was 0.067 or 0.067 > 0, this means that the company is in an unhealthy financial condition and is at risk of bankruptcy. In 2019, Zmijewski's value was -0.155 or -0.155 < 0, this means that the company is in a healthy financial condition and is not experiencing financial difficulties or is in danger of going bankrupt. In 2020, Zmijewski's value is 0.270 or 0.270 > 0, this means that the company is in financial distress. In 2021 Zmijewski's value is 0.492 or 0.492 > 0, this means that the company is in an unhealthy financial condition and is at risk of bankruptcy.
A Review of Sustainable Approaches in Geo Textiles for Environment Conservation
Authors:   Department of Fashion Design, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai India, N Gokarneshan
Published: March 2023

Geotextiles, a group of high-performance materials, have grown during the last decades into needful auxiliaries when it comes to infrastructure, soil, construction, agriculture and environmental applications. Although geotextiles made of synthetic fibers (geosynthetics) are considered a modern achievement, the basic concept dates back to ancient times when textiles consisting of locally available natural fibers were employed to increase the stability of roads and soils. In recent decades, considering the growing interest in environmental protection and sustainable development based on using renewable resources and the recovery and recycling of waste of various origins, the use of natural fibers-based geotextiles is a viable alternative, despite their limited-life service owing to their biodegradability. In addition to this feature, their low cost, good mechanical properties and large-scale accessibility recommend them for geo-engineering applications, environmental sensitive applications in geotechnical engineering, such as land improvements and soil erosion control. This paper focuses on geotextiles as a versatile tool in environmental applications given their high theoretic and practical relevance as substantiated by recent literature reports. Natural and synthetic geotextiles are presented herein, as well as their features that recommend them for geo-engineering. Insights on the main types of applications of geotextiles are also included, along with a wide variety of materials employed to perform specific functions.
The effects of handball and waterpolo training on blood nitric oxide and oxidative stress levels
Authors: Shafiei Nadia , Turgay Faruk , Denerel Nevzad
Published: March 2023

Objective: Nitric oxide (NO) is a gas that has vasodilatory, antioxidant and metabolic regulatory properties. Both NO and oxidative stress (OS) are risk factors for atherosclerosis (AS). These properties of NO, therefore play a critical role in training adaptations. Handball and water polo are team sports requiring aerobic and anaerobic energy. However, since they are practised in different environments, their effects on blood NO and OS levels may be different. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of these two team sports on blood NO and OS levels.

Material and Methods: Male handball players (HG, n=14), water polo players (WPG, n=12) and a control group (CG, n=13) of sedentary players participated in this study. Physical and physiological measurements, including critical velocity of the participants were made. The participants' fasting serum NO and OS indicators, and total antioxidant/oxidant status (TAS/TOS) were determined.

Results: TAS levels of HG and WPG were significantly lower than those of the control group (p<0.05, p<0.01), whereas their NO levels were higher than those of CG (19.5% and 25.7% respectively, p>0.05). No significant difference was present for NO between HG and WPG. A significant negative correlation was present between CV and serum NO level, and there was a positive correlation between maximal 1500 m running time and NO for handball players.

Conclusions: The findings of the study reveal that although training caused a significant decrease in antioxidant capacity in two team sports athletes, serum NO levels improved, thereby contributing to cardiovascular health. NO may harm aerobic endurance performance, but it had a beneficial effect on anaerobic power in the handball group, and none for water polo players.
Impact of Financial Literacy on Access to Finance: Does Risk Attitude Matter?
Authors: Addo Selma Dzifa , Asante Joseph
Published: March 2023

The purpose of the paper was to assess the effect of financial literacy on the access to finance of SMEs. Thus, the study examined the effect of financial literacy on SMEs’ access to finance in developing economies. Data for the study was collected from SME owners/managers in Ghana through questionnaires. 396 questionnaires were analyzed. The Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was used as the main analytical tool. The study found a significant positive association between financial literacy and access to finance. Financial literacy also had a positive significant effect on risk attitude, whereas the link between risk attitude and access to finance was also found significant. Again, the study showed that risk attitude matters in the nexus between financial literacy and access to finance, as it was found to mediate the link between financial literacy and access to finance. Our findings affirm the dual process theory of reasoning where an entrepreneur’s decision to access finance is guided by two systems of thinking: the automatic unconscious system based on their risk attitude, and the deliberate conscious system where different considerations and models are weighed up based on their financial literacy, both of which serves to magnify or dampen rational decision-making to access business financing. The findings also affirm the Knowledge base view theory (KBV) that, financial literacy is a special strategic asset organizations can use to obtain a competitive advantage over competitors. Practically, SMEs will be encouraged to improve their financial literacy and risk attitude skills.
Formulation And Evaluation Of Emulgel Of An Antifungal Drug For Topical Drug Delivery
Authors: Dinesh Kumar, Rajni, Rahul Saini, Suman Rani, Raman Kumari
Published: March 2023

Topical drug delivery system improved bioavailability, reduced side effects, more uniform plasma levels, longer duration of action, resulting in a reduction in dosing frequency and improve therapy due to plasma levels up to the end of the dosing interval compared to a decline in plasma levels with conventional oral dosage form. Emulgel are generally used where the other systems of drug administration fails to directly treat cutaneous disorders such as fungal infections, acne, psoriasis etc.

Materials and methods: Fluconazole emulgel was optimized based on Design-Expert® software using central composite design (CCD) making Fourteen formulations using jojoba oil and liquid paraffin, Methylparaben, Propylparaben and Triethanolamine.

Results and Discussions: - The spreadability test range find from 8.9 g.cm/min to 14.87 g.cm/min for the formulations F1 and F14, respectively. Formulations having low amount of jojoba oil and liquid paraffin had the high spreadability index. As the viscosity of the gel increased, the release of the drug was expected to be slower. Complete drug release (100%) was achieved at the 3rd hr for the formulations F1, F8, F7 and F14 released more than 80 % of the drug and in vitro results showed that an emulgel formulation can be a potential candidate for the delivery of fluconazole for the skin disease, with better in vitro physical, using jojoba oil and liquid paraffin as drug carriers. SEM analysis of emulgel shows the uniform structure of emulgel formulation.