bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INCLUSÃO DE SURDO: REFLEXÃO DAS PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS DOS PROFESSORES NO ENSINO DE LIBRAS A UM ALUNO SURDO NA EMEF CORONEL RAIMUNDO LEÃO CAMETÁ/PA
Authors: Farias Virgolino Doralice , Pereira Borges José Miguel , Mota Ferreira Marli do Socorro
Published: June 2021

O presente trabalho trata da inclusão de surdo. Para tanto, faz uma reflexão das práticas pedagógicas dos professores no ensino de LIBRAS a um aluno surdo na EMEF Coronel Raimundo Leão, para realização deste, opinamos por uma pesquisa de campo, pois objetiva realizar a aproximação entre o pesquisador e o objeto da pesquisa no campo de atuação, seguindo uma abordagem qualitativa, por entender que o pesquisador procura compreender com mais detalhes os fenômenos estudados, em sua profundidade as ações do sujeito, para a análise das investigações, utilizamos o método de Bardin, conhecido como análise de conteúdo, que serviu para analisar como os professores desenvolvem suas práticas pedagógicas no âmbito da inclusão dos surdos. Por saber que a inclusão está garantido em Lei, o processo inclusivo não é fácil, os professores precisam de formação continuada para aprimorar cada vez mais suas práticas pedagógicas. Apesar da inclusão que vem sendo discutida intensamente nas últimas décadas, ainda há muitas lacunas que precisam ser compreendidas pela comunidade escolar e sociedade, para que de fato, todos tenham a plena consciência do processo inclusivo e valorização às diferenças de cada um.
Teo-Estetika-Filosofis Topeng Sidakarya Dalam Praktik Keberagamaan Hindu Di Bali
Authors: Indra Wirawan Komang
Published: June 2021

Topeng Sidakarya memeliki peranan penting dalam setiap upacara yadnya bagi umat Hindu di Bali. Upacara yadnya belum dinyatakan selesai sebelum dipentaskannya tarian sakral ini, sehingga dalam setiap prosesi ada pementasan tarian yang tergolong tari wali. Jenis tarian ini adalah bergenre tari topeng dengan atribut yang khas menampakan ketuaanya. Sidakarya secara literal berarti pekerajaan yang sudah tuntas atau selesai. Melalui pementasan tarian ini, masyarakat Hindu yang melangsungkan upacara yadnya diyakini sudah selesai menjalankan yadnya, dan tentunya ada pemberkatan di dalamnya. Tarian sakral yang menunjukan kesan magis, dan tidak saja dipandang sebagai pelengkap ritus yadnya, tetapi juga kaya makna teologi, keindahan dan filosofis yang berhubungan dengan praktik beragama Hindu di Bali yang di dalamnya tidak terlepas dari konsep satyam, siwam dan sundaram.
Chạy đua vaccine: Thực trạng toàn cầu và bài toán cho Việt Nam
Authors: Huyen Nguyen Thanh Thanh , Ho Manh-Toan
Published: June 2021

Chạy đua vaccine: Thực trạng toàn cầu và bài toán cho Việt Nam
Development of Small Enterprises in Indonesia
Authors: Wen Jelena
Published: June 2021

Indonesia during the pandemic restored the economy by increasing SMEs. This ultimately leads to an increase in the economy and creativity of the Indonesian people. This increase and interest need to be developed with support from the government and ease of access so that business processes can be run smoothly and more widely. A SWOT analysis is needed to make it easier for SMEs to understand what strategies are needed to run a small business so that it can become a big business.
Timothy Davin S_130218181
Authors: S Timothy Davin
Published: June 2021

Deflation on Indonesia because of MSMEs
Riemann Hypothesis Proof using Balazard, Saias and Yor integral
Authors: Suman Shekhar
Published: June 2021

Riemann Hypothesis proof using Hrady spaces and Jensen's formula
Final Test Mata Kuliah Belajar dan Pembelajaran
Authors: Santi Karunia
Published: June 2021

Lembar Kerja Document Base Test
Gene therapy for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

The FDA has now approved three innovative gene targeting treatments for the treatment of individuals with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), each with its own unique delivery method. The need for therapy optimization is underlined by the variety in clinical outcomes, notwithstanding this remarkable success. More basic and translational research is needed to determine the factors that limit cell and tissue medication biodistribution and target engagement, as well as to assess long-term durability and potential toxicities. This research in SMA will be crucial in the development of successful gene-targeting therapeutics for other neurogenetic illnesses. The expensive expense of SMA therapies has received a lot of media attention. Nusinersen costs $125,000 each dose, with numerous treatments costing more than $1 million; while risdiplam is scheduled to be price-capped at up to $340,000 each year (91, 92). The cost of gene-targeting drugs is unsustainable, especially because the US Food and Drug Administration anticipates approving 10 to 20 cell or gene therapy products each year by 2025. Efforts must be taken to address these rising costs in order for all patients to benefit from precision medicine.
Gene therapy and genome-editing treatments that can protect patients from coronary artery disease are under investigation
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

Globally, the major cause of death is coronary artery disease (CAD). Ethnic groups, nations, or communities are spared. Although millions of people use medication that has been proven to prevent cardiac events, such as statins, ezetimibe and PCSK9 inhibitors, one in two men and one in three women over 40 will have a coronary event throughout their lives. Indeed, after decades of decline, cardiovascular mortality has increased in the US. Even a part of the overlooked events would save billions of dollars in healthcare expenses each year and improve the quality of life for many patients who may otherwise suffer from CAD consequences, including heart failure and arrhythmias. Given the development of CAD as the twenty-first century's most important global health issue, novel preventive agents will be needed.Several innovative drugs that outweigh the traditional pillars of preventive cardiology have either obtained substantial validation in clinical trials, or conducted studies that will be read out in the near future, which is optimistic. Human genetics has predicted the efficiency of many of these medications, with the revelation that naturally existing polymorphisms in critical genes and pathways are linked to CAD protection in individuals fortunate enough to inherit the variants. Additional LDL cholesterol-lowering medications, medications that change other causative lipid characteristics, and anti-inflammatory medications after years of statin, ezetimibe, and PCSK9 inhibitors are the only confirmed effective CAD preventative and therapy regimens. Human genetics supports many of the innovative drugs with genetic studies choosing or validating target genes and pathways. Compared to the prior technique of screening huge libraries of tiny molecules for therapeutic effect, medications may now target specific genes and pathways. Many novel drugs, whether monoclonal antibodies, ASOs, or siRNAs, are biologics. While these medicines provide benefits in terms of efficacy, safety and specificity, they all have short half-lives and are typically administered for the rest of the patient's life. Gene therapies and genome-editing treatments that can protect patients from CAD for the rest of their lives will certainly be produced in the future. Such answers will be vital to the twenty-first century's most critical global health challenge.
Facial Mimicry and Social Context Affect Smile Interpretation
Authors: Orlowska Anna , Rychlowska Magdalena , Szarota Piotr , Krumhuber Eva
Published: June 2021

Theoretical accounts and empirical research suggest that people use various sources of information, including sensorimotor simulation and social context, while judging emotional displays. However, the evidence on how those factors can interplay is limited. The present research tested whether social context information has a greater impact on perceivers’ smile judgments when mimicry is experimentally restricted. In Study 1, participants watched images of affiliative smiles presented with verbal descriptions of situations associated with happiness or politeness. Half the participants could freely move their faces while rating the extent to which the smiles communicated affiliation, whereas for the other half mimicry was restricted via a pen-in-mouth procedure. As predicted, smiles were perceived as more affiliative when the social context was polite than when it was happy. Importantly, the effect of context information was significantly larger among participants who could not freely mimic the facial expressions. Study 2 replicated these findings, thereby controlling for empathy and mood, and showed that social context also influences smile discrimination. Together, the findings extend the evidence on the role of verbal information in the interpretation of facial expressions and suggest that mimicry importantly modulates the impact of social context information on smile perception.
Building sustainable global collaborative networks: Recommendations from music studies and the social sciences
Authors: Savage Patrick E. , Jacoby Nori , Margulis Elizabeth Hellmuth , Daikoku Hideo , Anglada-Tort Manuel , Castelo-Branco Salwa El-Sawan , Nweke Florence Ewomazino , Fujii Shinya , Hegde Shantala , Chuan-Peng Hu , Jabbour Jason , Lew-Williams Casey , Mangalagiu Diana , McNamara Rita Anne , Müllensiefen Daniel , Opondo Patricia , Patel Aniruddh D. , Schippers Huib
Published: June 2021

Global collaborative networks have been established in multiple fields to move beyond research that over-relies on “WEIRD” participants and to consider central questions from cross-cultural and epistemological perspectives. As researchers in music and the social sciences with experience building and sustaining such networks, we participated in a virtual symposium on February 7, 2021. to exchange knowledge, ideas, and recommendations, with an emphasis on developing global networks to investigate human music-making. We present 14 key take-home recommendations, particularly regarding 1) enhancing representation of researchers and research participants, 2) minimizing logistical challenges, 3) ensuring meaningful, reproducible comparisons, and 4) incentivizing sustainable collaboration and shared research practices that circumvent research hierarchies. Two overarching conclusions are that sustainable global collaborations should attempt shared research practices including diverse stake-holders, and that we should fundamentally re-evaluate the nature of research credit attribution.
The role of metacognition in monitoring performance and regulating learning in early readers
Authors: Taouki Ioanna , Lallier Marie , Soto David
Published: June 2021

Metacognition refers to the capacity to reflect upon our own cognitive processes. Its contribution to reading development, when children start building their orthographic lexicon, still remains unknown. Here, we evaluate the metacognitive efficiency of children aged between 6 and 7 years old (N=60) in 5 experimental tasks; four linguistic tasks assessing orthographic lexical processing and a non-linguistic task unrelated to reading skills. First, we investigated how metacognition on the experimental tasks related to standardised on-paper reading performance, hence participants’ general reading level. Second, we assessed whether these developing readers recruited common metacognitive mechanisms across the different experimental tasks. Third, we explored whether metacognition in this early stage was related to the longitudinal improvement in performance on a linguistic vs a non-linguistic task. No association was found between students’ metacognition in the reading-related tasks and performance on the standardised reading tests, notwithstanding first-order performance correlated across these tasks. Remarkably, some negative correlations were noted between students’ metacognitive ability in one task and task performance in another task. Moreover, we found some evidence consistent with shared metacognitive mechanisms for monitoring performance across tasks. Finally, metacognitive ability significantly predicted children’s performance improvement across domains 10 months later. These results suggest that the development of metacognitive processing may be dissociated to some extent from reading-related linguistic abilities during the early stages of formal education. Nevertheless, it may play a fundamental role in guiding students' learning across domains. These data highlight the importance of creating educational programs fostering students’ metacognition as a long-term learning tool.
Social learning dynamics influence performance and career-related attitudes in career-oriented educational virtual environments
Authors: Pitcher Bradley Dillon , Behrend Tara , Ravid Daniel , Mancarella Peter
Published: June 2021

Educational virtual environments (EVEs) are defined by their immersiveness and fidelity to real-life scenarios. EVEs are associated with positive learning outcomes, but research has largely not explored the psychological processes underlying these outcomes. We present two studies that explore this phenomenon in welding skills training. Study 1 provides evidence that welding career exploration in EVEs is associated with positive career-related attitudes. Study 2 explored psychological mechanisms that may explain the attitudinal and performance outcomes of skills training in career-oriented EVEs through a social learning perspective. Since EVEs vary in their level of immersion and fidelity, this study compared groups training with VR to groups using a desktop simulation. Findings indicated strong social learning dynamics in both EVE contexts, but effects were stronger for the VR condition. Learners within groups converged on performance, and the performance of group members who functioned as behavioral models significantly predicted the performance of other group members. Performance at the individual level, in turn, predicted career self-efficacy but only for men. Overall, we observed that social dynamics were powerful among both EVE conditions and that these processes influenced learner performance and attitudinal outcomes. We conclude with recommendations for implementing career-oriented EVEs in skills training and implications for STEM workforce development.
Disintegration in the Age of COVID-19: Biological Contamination, Social Danger, and the Search for Solidarity
Authors: Abrutyn Seth
Published: June 2021

Like any disaster, COVID-19 laid waste to infrastructure and the ability for a community to do community. But, unlike a tornado or nuclear meltdown, COVID-19 laid waste to social infrastructure in unique ways that only a disease can do. On the one hand, a pandemic brings biological dangers that, in turn, make all individuals—loved ones, too—into potential threats of biological contamination. On the other hand, the efforts to contain diseases present social dangers, as isolation and distancing threatens mundane and spectacular ritualized encounters and mask-wearing heighten our awareness of the biological risk. By exploring the link between disasters and disease, this paper leverages the contamination process, beginning first with the barriers it presents to making and remaking the self in everyday life. Constraints on ritualized encounters, both in terms of delimiting face-to-face interaction and in determining some spaces are contaminative risks, reduces collective life to imagined communities or shifts to digitally mediated spaces. The former intensifies the sense of anomie people feel as their social world appears as though it were disintegrating while the latter presents severe neurobiological challenges to reproducing what face-to-face interaction habitually generates. Finally, these micro/meso-level processes are contextualized by considering how institutions, particularly polity but also science, collective risk and how their efficacy may either contribute to the erosion of solidarity or provide a sense of support in the face of anomic terror. Using the U.S. to illustrate these processes, we are able to show how an inefficacious State response weakens the already tenuous connective tissue that holds a diffuse and diverse population together, while also exposing and intensifying existing political, economic, and cultural fissures, thereby further eroding existing solidarity and the capacity to rebuild post-pandemic cohesion.
BOOK REVIEW: "FILSAFAT ILMU: SEJARAH, KONSEP, DAN STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN IPTEKS" (PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE: HISTORY, CONCEPT, AND STRATEGY OF SCIENCE DEVELOPMENT)
Authors: Pramuji Teralita Fadilah Nur , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo
Published: June 2021

"Filsafat Ilmu: Sejarah, Konsep, dan Strategi Pengembangan IPTEKS" (Philosophy of Science: History, Concept, and Strategy of Science Development) by Ade Hidayat was published in 2020. According to the author, the philosophy of science is one of the courses presented to students as the main source of reference to explore the foundation of science. With the writing of it, the author aims to help students train the way of thinking critically, more deeply, and systematically, to view the problem according to its proportions with the right perspective.
Book Review : Indonesia Advances in the Hands of the Millennial Generation (Indonesia Maju di Tangan Generasi Milenial)
Authors: Yustiani Tia , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo
Published: June 2021

The purpose of writing this review is to find out information from the book's contents and value the weaknesses and strengths of the book. The writer of this review is an active student at Airlangga University. The author's review is by looking at the current state of Indonesia, which is currently being hit by a pandemic, in which the country is experiencing a high decline. This book is aimed at the millennial generation because the role of youth is very important to keep advancing the Indonesian nation.Twelve active students wrote the book with the title Indonesia Advances in the Hands of the Millennial Generation of Alauddin State Islamic University Makassar to commemorate the anniversary in 2020. One of the authors is named Nur Aulia, born in Kolaka on September 9, 2001. Seeing the current state of Indonesia, reading skills are urgently needed and writing to create critical and creative thinking on the phenomena of life. Having a form of critical and creative thinking can reduce misunderstandings that occur in society. This ability is a form of effort in preserving the culture of the Indonesian nation, so that young people must form innovations that can lead to more advanced innovations for the next life.
Leadership Style and Organizational Culture as Correlate of Job Satisfaction Among Agricultural Training Institute’s Workers in Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Olonade Zachheaus O. , Omotoye Oluwatobi O. , Oluwoye Akinyemi M.
Published: June 2021

Background: The workplace is a complex and cultured environment that requires intellectual leadership and a different degree of management style due to global economic competitiveness.

Objective: The objectives of the study are to examine the relationship between leadership style, organizational culture, and job satisfaction among workers in the Agricultural and Rural Management Training Institute (ARMTI) Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.

Method: This research study employed a descriptive survey research method. The total number of employees in ARTMTI in Ilorin was 762. Using a simple random sampling technique, a total of 401 respondents was randomly selected from the population of the study for questionnaire administration. 401 questionnaires were distributed out of which 325 questionnaires were retrieved and analyzed for the study. Data were analyzed using Pearson Moment Correlation on the relationships between leadership style, organizational  culture, and job satisfaction.

Result: The study found that leadership style and organizational culture were significantly correlated with job satisfaction at a 0.05 level of significance.

Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, the study concluded that there is a relationship between leadership style, organizational culture, and job satisfaction among workers in the Agricultural and Rural Management Training Institute (ARMTI) Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.

Recommendation: The study recommended that leaders should realize that influencing the satisfaction of employees leads to higher performance and lower turnover rates among other things. Leadership in organizations should be assessed and managers should become aware of what is needed to obtain positive results from employees to improve performance.

Originality: This article is original and there is no potential conflict of interest.
Playing Solitaire: Spectatorship and Representation in Canadian Women's Monodrama
Authors: Badir Patricia
Published: June 2021

This article analyses the performer/spectator dynamic present in the text and performance of some Canadian one-woman plays, and considers the re-positioning of the female as subject and the possible construction of an ideal female spectator. The article looks at both English- and French-language monologues in an attempt to understand the effects of cultural difference on performer/spectator relationships, focusing on Jovette Marchessault's Les Vaches de nuit, Marie Savard's Bien A moi, Sharon Pollack's Getting it Straight, Pamela Boyd's Inside Out, Beverly Simon's Preparing, and Janet Feindel's A Particular Class of Women.
W(h)ither the Performance?
Authors: Mullaly Edward
Published: June 2021

While the difference between a dramatic production and a literary text is obvious in theory, the distinction blurs when we attempt to enfold historical performances into theatre history. For we, lacking personal encounter with a long-past performance's signifiers or its audience reception, are left with no alternative other than to explore that event in terms of its still-extant literary text. This barrier remains to be overcome by those who would canonize any particular theatrical Performance.
Theatre History-Telling: New Historiography, Logic and the Other Canadian Tradition
Authors: Drennan Barbara
Published: June 2021

A proliferation of sign-posts' dot the landscape of our contemporary discourse: 'postmodernism,' 'poststructuralism,' 'postcolonialism,' 'postindustrial'.... As we wearily anticipate yet another 'post' on the horizon, it becomes clear that what theatre researchers are experiencing is a significant epistemological shift which reflects a changing reality. Any change in the philosophy of knowledge will have a bearing on Theatre Historiography in Canada as elsewhere. This essay addresses this issue and outlines an 'other' theatre historiography which weaves the theories of Harold Innis and Marshall McLuhan into Michel Foucault's search for the 'rules of discourse' and Julia Kristeva's 'poetic-logic.' This exploration for historical discovery into English-Canadian theatrical discourse is mapped in relation to Alan Filewod's articulation of collective creation as a theatre-making process.
Theatre, Navy and the Narrative of 'True Canadianism'
Authors: Filewod Alan
Published: June 2021

Canadian theatre history has tended to look at the theatre as a hermetically isolated cultural artifact with little concrete reference to other aspects of Canadian national life. This essay examines the development of the theatre as an index of post-colonial nationhood with reference to parallel developments in the Canadian Navy.
The issue of "oil shrinkage" during the compounding of oils in the processes of production, collection, preparation and transportation of hydrocarbon raw materials
Authors: Deryugina O. P. , Trapeznikov E. A.
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the issue of industrial compounding, which improves the quality of the raw materials supplied to the main pipelines. Compounding from "to compound" (English) - to mix. When mixing different types of oil obtained, "incompatibility" is possible, which is expressed in the precipitation of a solid sediment and violation of the stability of the colloidal system and due to the differing properties of oils. Attention to this problem is due to the tightening of requirements for the quality of raw materials that must comply with modern standards. The article discusses the causes of the problem of "incompatibility" of oil during compounding and effective ways of solving it, substantiates the need for a preliminary study of the properties of mixed oil in order to identify possible incompatibility of various types of oil. The standard tests for determination of incompatibility indices characterizing the ability of raw materials to mix are considered. The article substantiates the need to develop methods for diagnosing the incompatibility of oils as the most important task of modern chemical science, the solution of which will improve the quality of the raw material obtained and solve many technological problems in the compounding process.
A Study of Relationship Between Social Alienation and Psychiatric Disorders among the University Students
Authors: Perveen Shahnaz , Sikander Khalil Ur Rehman , Anam Nimra
Published: June 2021

Alienation is a state of mind in which an individual feels lonely and has a low level of attachment with her society, fails to get control over the environment and gradually becomes isolated and helpless. Psychiatric disorders refer to what a person feels, thinks and act that lead her towards the mental disturbance or spoil his areas of functioning. The present study investigated the relationship between social alienation and psychiatric disorders among university students. 600 students were selected as a sample from different departments of a university. A scale for alienation developed by Guerrero and Castillo (1966) and a scale for psychiatric disorders developed by Lovibond and Lovibond (1995) were used to collect the data. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and Pearson Correlation. Results showed that certain level of social alienation and psychiatric disorders exist among students, and there was a positive association between social alienation and psychiatric disorders.
The Yemen Armed Conflict in the Perspective of International Humanitarian Law
Authors: Khan Muhammad , Ullah Zakir
Published: June 2021

Since the Arab Spring, Yemen became the center of worst humanitarian crisis in modern history. This paper investigates the fundamental causes of the current conflict in Yemen and also explicates the legal dimension of International humanitarian law. Political marginalization, social disenfranchisement, economic collapse, the failure of the Yemeni government to address and resolve the socioeconomic frustration of ordinary citizens and corrupt leaders are few reasons which led to the brutal civil war in Yemen. This systematic failure of government and intervention of regional players for their dominance and ascendency created political uprising, violence, and institutional collapse. Thousands of civilians have died, millions of people had been displaced and millions are on the brink of starvation. Several solutions were proposed by introducing the federal system, decentralization of state's power, improving basic infrastructure, negotiations with Houthis but none of these reforms implemented properly. This paper also scrutinized the intervention of regional actors in this ferocious conflict and how regional and international actors violated International Humanitarian law.
Religious Education: Contribute to Social Cohesion or Lead to Social Disparity?
Authors: Mahmood Samreen , Minaz Maksal , Murad Madeeha
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of madrassa education in building up a religiously cohesive society. The queries and questions which this research study addressed were: To investigate the social cohesion and disparity in the society. What are the key factors, which contribute to social cohesion or lead to social disparity? What is the understanding of madrasa administrators about social cohesion and social disparity? The study was qualitative in nature; an ethnographic case study was conducted to investigate the research problem, in order to investigate the research questions, administrators of all the 5 madrassa boards were interviewed, Semi-structured interview was conducted from the teachers and students of different school of thoughts to find out the different factors affecting social cohesion
A multicenter validation of the condylar–C2 sagittal vertical alignment in Chiari malformation type I: a study using the Park-Reeves Syringomyelia Research Consortium
Authors: Ravindra Vijay M. , Iyer Rajiv R. , Yahanda Alexander T. , Bollo Robert J. , Zhu Huirong , Joyce Evan , Bethel-Anderson Tammy , Meehan Thanda , Smyth Matthew D. , Strahle Jennifer M. , Park Tae Sung , Limbrick David D. , Brockmeyer Douglas L. , _ _
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE

The condylar–C2 sagittal vertical alignment (C-C2SVA) describes the relationship between the occipitoatlantal joint and C2 in patients with Chiari malformation type I (CM-I). It has been suggested that a C-C2SVA ≥ 5 mm is predictive of the need for occipitocervical fusion (OCF) or ventral brainstem decompression (VBD). The authors’ objective was to validate the predictive utility of the C-C2SVA by using a large, multicenter cohort of patients.

METHODS

This validation study used a cohort of patients derived from the Park-Reeves Syringomyelia Research Consortium; patients < 21 years old with CM-I and syringomyelia treated from June 2011 to May 2016 were identified. The primary outcome was the need for OCF and/or VBD. After patients who required OCF and/or VBD were identified, 10 age- and sex-matched controls served as comparisons for each OCF/VBD patient. The C-C2SVA (defined as the position of a plumb line from the midpoint of the O–C1 joint relative to the posterior aspect of the C2–3 disc space), pBC2 (a line perpendicular to a line from the basion to the posteroinferior aspect of the C2 body), and clival-axial angle (CXA) were measured on sagittal MRI. The secondary outcome was the need for ≥ 2 CM-related operations.

RESULTS

Of the 206 patients identified, 20 underwent OCF/VBD and 14 underwent repeat posterior fossa decompression. A C-C2SVA ≥ 5 mm was 100% sensitive and 86% specific for requiring OCF/VBD, with a 12.6% misclassification rate, whereas CXA < 125° was 55% sensitive and 99% specific, and pBC2 ≥ 9 was 20% sensitive and 88% specific. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that there was a significantly shorter time to second decompression in children with C-C2SVA ≥ 5 mm (p = 0.0039). The mean C-C2SVA was greater (6.13 ± 1.28 vs 3.13 ± 1.95 mm, p < 0.0001), CXA was lower (126° ± 15.4° vs 145° ± 10.7°, p < 0.05), and pBC2 was similar (7.65 ± 1.79 vs 7.02 ± 1.26 mm, p = 0.31) among those who underwent OCF/VBD versus decompression only. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the continuous measurement of C-C2SVA was 0.52; the kappa value was 0.47 for the binary categorization of C-C2SVA ≥ 5 mm.

CONCLUSIONS

These results validated the C-C2SVA using a large, multicenter, external cohort with 100% sensitivity, 86% specificity, and a 12.6% misclassification rate. A C-C2SVA ≥ 5 mm is highly predictive of the need for OCF/VBD in patients with CM-I. The authors recommend that this measurement be considered among the tools to identify the “high-risk” CM-I phenotype.
Radiosurgery as a microsurgical adjunct: outcomes after microsurgical resection of intracranial arteriovenous malformations previously treated with stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Bigder Mark , Choudhri Omar , Gupta Mihir , Gummidipundi Santosh , Han Summer S. , Church Ephraim W. , Chang Steven D. , Levy Richard P. , Do Huy M. , Marks Michael P. , Steinberg Gary K.
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE

Microsurgical resection of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) can be aided by staged treatment consisting of stereotactic radiosurgery followed by resection in a delayed fashion. This approach is particularly useful for high Spetzler-Martin (SM) grade lesions because radiosurgery can reduce flow through the AVM, downgrade the SM rating, and induce histopathological changes that additively render the AVM more manageable for resection. The authors present their 28-year experience in managing AVMs with adjunctive radiosurgery followed by resection.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively reviewed records of patients treated for cerebral AVMs at their institution between January 1990 and August 2019. All patients who underwent stereotactic radiosurgery (with or without embolization), followed by resection, were included in the study. Of 1245 patients, 95 met the eligibility criteria. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to assess relationships between key variables and clinical outcomes.

RESULTS

The majority of lesions treated (53.9%) were high grade (SM grade IV–V), 31.5% were intermediate (SM grade III), and 16.6% were low grade (SM grade I–II). Hemorrhage was the initial presenting sign in half of all patients (49.5%). Complete resection was achieved among 84% of patients, whereas 16% had partial resection, the majority of whom received additional radiosurgery. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores of 0–2 were achieved in 79.8% of patients, and 20.2% had poor (mRS scores 3–6) outcomes. Improved (44.8%) or stable (19%) mRS scores were observed among 63.8% of patients, whereas 36.2% had a decline in mRS scores. This includes 22 patients (23.4%) with AVM hemorrhage and 6 deaths (6.7%) outside the perioperative period but prior to AVM obliteration.

CONCLUSIONS

Stereotactic radiosurgery is a useful adjunct in the presurgical management of cerebral AVMs. Multimodal therapy allowed for high rates of AVM obliteration and acceptable morbidity rates, despite the predominance of high-grade lesions in this series of patients.
Influence of lateral impact on reinforced concrete piers under drying-wetting cycle and chloride ion corrosion environment
Authors: Dong W.Y. , Fang C.Q. , Yang S.
Published: June 2021

In order to study the influence of lateral impact on reinforced concrete piers in marine environment, drop hammer impact tests were carried out on piers with different corrosion rates obtained from drying-wetting cycle and chloride ion corrosion experiment to study the crack propagation process and failure modes of piers. Then by numerical simulation, the influences of impact velocity, impact mass, compressive strength of concrete and impact number on the performance of corroded piers were studied. The results showed that the failure modes of piers with different corrosion rates under lateral impact were different. The non-corrosive and low corrosion rate piers were destroyed by the bending shear which was jointly controlled by the transverse bending crack and oblique shear crack. The medium corrosion rate pier was the bending shear failure caused by oblique shear crack. The high corrosion rate pier was the joint action of bending shear crack and rust expansion crack. The increase of impact velocity, impact mass and impact number will increase the maximum deflection and the damage of the corroded piers, but the increase degrees were different. The increase was largest when the impact number was increased. Increasing impact number from 1 to 5, the maximum deflection increased by 26.3 times and the number of damage element increased by 4.3 times. Increasing the compressive strength of concrete will decrease the damage of pier, but with less degree. Increasing the compressive strength from 25 to 45 MPa, the maximum deflection and number of damage element were decreased by 10.7% and 9.4% respectively.
Numerical investigation on redundancy of bridges with AASHTO I-girders
Authors: Alotaibi Emran , Nassif Nadia , Alhalabi Mohamad , Al Sebai Humam , Barakat Samer
Published: June 2021

Bridge safety is one of the most critical concerns among civil engineering fields due to its high importance. The redundancy of bridges was heavily investigated in the literature; however, they were focused on twin girder redundancy cases. Additionally, literatures were scarce in studies that focused on the improvement that should be made to achieve redundancy systems in different AASHTO I-girder types. Thus, this study focused on assessing the additional required number of tendons for different AASHTO I-girder types and spacing between them to achieve the redundancy of I-girder bridges. The additional unbonded tendons are suggested to be added externally or internally. The parameters varied in this study are compressive strength of ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC), spacing between girders (i.e. number of girders) and type of girders. Leap Bridge Concrete software was used to simulate the required structural modes. After performing extensive numerical analyses following AASHTO LRFD guidelines, the results have shown that in case of the removal of external I-girder, the tendons in the nearest girder need to be nearly increased by 1.85 to 2.3 times compared to the original design, depending on spacing, compressive strength, and the number of girders. On the other hand, in the case of interior girder removal, the number of tendons in the nearest two girders need to be increased by 1.24 to 1.32 times the original design. The effect of compressive strength variation of the used UHPC was negligible compared to spacing and type of girder. It is worth mentioning that all simulations in this study were verified using CSI Bridge software.
Investigation of usability problems of electronic medical record systems in the emergency department
Authors: Shin Gee Won , Lee Yura , Park Taezoon , Cho Insook , Yun Myung Hwan , Bahn Sangwoo , Lee Jae-Ho
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Despite the benefits of using electronic medical record (EMR) systems, existing studies show that many healthcare providers are uncertain regarding their usability. The usability issues of these systems decrease their efficiency, discourage clinicians, and cause dissatisfaction among patients, which may result in safety risks and harm. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to collect and analyze EMR system usability problems from actual users. Practical user interface guidelines were presented based on the medical practices of these users. METHODS: Employing an online questionnaire with a seven-point Likert scale, usability issues of EMR systems were collected from 200 emergency department healthcare providers (103 physicians (medical doctors) and 97 nurses) from South Korea. RESULTS: The most common usability problem among the physicians and nurses was generating in-patient selection. This pertained to the difficulty in finding the required information on-screen because of poor visibility and a lack of distinctiveness. CONCLUSIONS: The major problems of EMR systems and their causes were identified. It is recommended that intensive visual enhancement of EMR system interfaces should be implemented to support user tasks. By providing a better understanding of the current usability problems among medical practitioners, the results of this study can be useful for developing EMR systems with increased effectiveness and efficiency.
Prevention and treatment of non-complicated infections of the lower urinary tract in pregnant women
Authors:   Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation, Nashivochnikova N.A. , Krupin V.N. ,   Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation, Leanovich V.E. ,   JSC “Akvion”, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

Aim: to assess the efficacy of biologically active additive Cystenium II as a component of combined antimicrobial treatment of acute cystitis or exacerbation of chronic cystitis and asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in pregnant women. Patients and Methods: 65 pregnant women with urinary tract infections were enrolled. Group 1 included 22 women with acute cystitis or exacerbation of chronic cystitis and group 2 included 20 women with ASB. These women received standard antimicrobial therapy (fosfomycin trometamol 3 g) and Cystenium II (1 tablet twice daily with food for 14 days). The control group included 23 women with acute cystitis or exacerbation of chronic cystitis or ASB who received standard antimicrobial therapy only. Treatment results were evaluated after 14 days and 2 months. Results: complete resolution of cystitis occurred on days 2 and 3 in group 1 and days 4 and 5 in group 2. Eradication of causative agent as demonstrated by inoculation of urine samples after 14 days was reported in 77.3% of women in group 1, 70% of women in group 2, and 61% of women in group 3. Total treatment efficacy in group 1 was 81.9%, i.e., exacerbations of chronic cystitis were diagnosed in 3 women (13.6%), acute pyelonephritis in 1 woman (4.5%). Total treatment efficacy in group 2 was 90%, i.e., recurrence of ASB was diagnosed in 2 women (10%). Meanwhile, treatment efficacy in the control group was 56.5%, i.e., clinical exacerbation of chronic cystitis was diagnosed in 6 women (26%). Moreover, in 4 women (17.4%), the disease was complicated by acute pyelonephritis. Conclusions: Cystenium II for acute cystitis or exacerbation of chronic cystitis and ASB in pregnant women improves treatment success and also maintains the effect. KEYWORDS: cystitis, asymptomatic bacteriuria, pregnancy, treatment, cranberry, prevention of recurrences. FOR CITATION: Nashivochnikova N.A., Krupin V.N., Leanovich V.E. Prevention and treatment of non-complicated infections of the lower urinary tract in pregnant women. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2021;4(2):119–123. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430- 2021-4-2-119-123.
Pre-pregnancy preparation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity: state-of-the-art
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Lapina I.A. , Chirvon T.G. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Dobrokhotova Yu.E. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Taranov V.V. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

In recent decades, extensive growth in the number of overweight or obese individuals is reported thus making this issue important for the medical community. According to some authors, 8% of overweight women and 18% of obese women have troubles with realizing reproductive function. Glucose and lipid metabolism disorders and hypertension that are common in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) allow for referring this condition to metabolic diseases. Metabolic syndrome is an umbrella term for a set of metabolic abnormalities arising from insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. PCOS may also be considered as one of its manifestations being regarded as the most common cause of infertility in overweight and obese women. The treatment should be complex to recover reproductive function and to address metabolic disorders. Adherence to lifestyle changes, diet, and regular physical activity is still poor. Therefore, the use and assessment of the efficacy of pharmaceuticals for pre-pregnancy preparation to lose weight and to improve reproductive outcomes in PCOS. KEYWORDS: polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS, obesity, metabolic syndrome, infertility, pre-pregnancy preparation, treatment, prevention, ovulation. FOR CITATION: Lapina I.A., Chirvon T.G., Dobrokhotova Yu.E., Taranov V.V. Pre-pregnancy preparation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity: state-of-the-art. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2021;4(2):137–143. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430- 2021-4-2-137-143.
Novel treatment modalities for pelvic inflammatory disease using immunomodulating therapy
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Dobrokhotova Yu.E. , Shadrova P.A. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a significant issue of public health due to its devastating effects on female reproductive health and fertility. Despite extensive development of medicine and the emergence of novel groups of antibacterial agents, the risks of antibacterial resistance rapidly grow, thus requiring complex treatment of infectious inflammatory disorders caused by bacterial flora. The modulation of immune response is the heart of recently developed treatment modalities for various diseases (infections, oncology etc.). A detailed understanding of molecular immunology contributes to the rational development of novel types of immunotherapy, which can be successfully introduced into clinical practice. Numerous findings demonstrate the efficacy of inosine pranobex for various diseases, in particular, in immunocompromised patients. This medication has proven itself due to good tolerability and the lack of serious side effects. Inosine pranobex being a safe drug that can be used in many treatment schedules, including complex treatment for chronic PID with antibacterial agents. KEYWORDS: inosine pranobex, pelvic inflammatory disease, salpingo-oophoritis, infertility, immunotherapy, sexually transmitted infections, bacterial vaginosis. FOR CITATION: Dobrokhotova Yu.E., Shadrova P.A. Novel treatment modalities for pelvic inflammatory disease using immunomodulating therapy. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2021;4(2):149–154. DOI: 10.32364/2618-84 30-2021-4-2-149-154.
Physical development and of gut microbiota in infants who experienced bowel resection within the first year of life
Authors:   Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Vakhlova I.V. , Fedotova G.V. ,   Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Boronina L.G. ,   Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Samatova E.V. ,   Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

Aim: to assess the rate of growth and metabolic activity of gut microbiota in infants who experienced bowel resection within the first year of life and received specialized nutrition with extensive hydrolyzed whey proteins with medium-chain triglycerides and nucleotides. Patients and Methods: prospective cohort study was conducted in two groups of infants. The study group included 37 infants with partial bowel resection within the first months of life. The control group included 75 healthy infants. Postoperatively, study group children were bottle-fed and received an infant formula (extensive hydrolized whey proteins with medium-chain triglycerides) till the age of 12 months. Some control group children were breast-fed while control group children on a mixed or formula feeding. In all children, antenatal and perinatal anamnesis and physical development within the first year of life were assessed. Additionally, the amounts of short-chain fatty acids in the stool were evaluated. Results: the rate of growth in infants who experienced bowel surgery was similar to that of healthy infants within the first year of life. By the age of 12 months, steady increase in the proportion of infants with average weight (SD -1 to +1) and significant reduction in the proportion of infants with low weight (SD -1 to -2) were reported. A group of overweight infants (SD +1 to +2) emerged since the age of 6 months. The specifics of metabolic activity of gut microbiota in children after surgery were a significant increase in propionic acid amount in the stool and a trend to an increase in anaerobic index by the age of 12 months. Conclusions: this growth pattern illustrates an adequate nutrition during the recovery of bowel functional activity and its ability to absorb and to uptake nutrients. KEYWORDS: infants, specialized nutrition, physical development rate, bowel metabolic activity. FOR CITATION: Vakhlova I.V., Fedotova G.V., Boronina L.G., Samatova E.V. Physical development and of gut microbiota in infants who experienced bowel resection within the first year of life. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2021;4(2):155–161. DOI: 10.32364/2618- 8430-2021-4-2-155-161.