bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Influence of Morphological Features on the Vulnerability of Lipid-Rich Plaques During Stenting
Authors: Colmenarez Jose A. , Dong Pengfei , Lee Juhwan , Wilson David L. , Gu Linxia
Published: December 2024

Lipid-rich atheromas are linked to plaque rupture in stented atherosclerotic arteries. While fibrous cap thickness is acknowledged as a critical indicator of vulnerability, it is likely that other morphological features also exert influence. However, detailed quantifications of their contributions and intertwined effects in stenting are lacking. Therefore, our goal is to assess the impact of plaque characteristics on the fibrous cap stress and elucidate their underlying mechanisms. We analyzed the stent deployment in a three-dimensional patient-specific coronary artery reconstructed from intravascular optical coherence tomography (IVOCT) data using the finite element method. Additionally, we performed sensitivity analysis on 78,000 distinct plaque geometries of two-dimensional arterial cross section for verification. Results from the three-dimensional patient-specific model indicate strong correlations between maximum fibrous cap stress and lipid arc (r=0.769), area stenosis (r=0.550), and lumen curvature (r=0.642). Plaques with lipid arcs >60 deg, area stenosis >75%, and lumen curvatures >5 mm−1 are at rupture risk. While we observed a rise in stress with thicker lipid cores, it was less representative than other features. Fibrous cap thickness showed a poor correlation, with the sensitivity analysis revealing its significance only when high stretches are induced by other features, likely due to its J-shaped stress–stretch response. Contrary to physiological pressure, the stent expansion generates unique vulnerable features as the stent load-transferring characteristics modify the plaque's response. This study is expected to prompt further clinical investigations of other morphological features for predicting plaque rupture in stenting.
Abyssal marine tectonics from the SWOT mission
Authors: Yu Yao , Sandwell David T. , Dibarboure Gerald
Published: December 2024

The global ocean covers 71% of Earth’s surface, yet the seafloor is poorly charted compared with land, the Moon, Mars, and Venus. Traditional ocean mapping uses ship-based soundings and nadir satellite radar altimetry—one limited in spatial coverage and the other in spatial resolution. The joint NASA–CNES (Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales) Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission uses phase-coherent, wide-swath radar altimetry to measure ocean surface heights at high precision. We show that 1 year of SWOT data offers more detailed information than 30 years of satellite nadir altimetry in marine gravity, enabling the detection of intricate seafloor structures at 8-kilometer spatial resolution. With the mission still ongoing, SWOT promises critical insights for bathymetric charting, tectonic plate reconstruction, underwater navigation, and deep ocean mixing.
Transforming coastal mapping from space
Authors: Hwang Cheinway , Yu Daocheng
Published: December 2024

A recent altimeter mission resolves fine seafloor signatures and coastal geospatial information
Why hasn’t the bird flu pandemic started?
Authors: Kupferschmidt Kai
Published: December 2024

Mutations found in H5N1 viruses portend major outbreak soon, some scientists fear
Early Triassic mid-ocean-ridge basalt (MORB)-like diabase swarms in the southeastern segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt: A response to lithospheric extension triggered by Paleo-Asian oceanic slab break-off
Authors: Jing Yan , Ge Wen-chun , Wang Chen , Yang Hao , Dong Yu , Ji Zheng , Bi Jun-hui , Zhou Hong-ying , Xing De-he
Published: December 2024

Mafic dike swarms in paleo-subduction zones generally serve as important indicators of tectono-magmatic processes and provide a different perspective on mantle source and geodynamic evolution. The geodynamic evolution of the southeastern segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) during the Late Permian−Early Triassic remains unclear, including oceanic ridge subduction, slab break-off, slab roll-back, and post-collision extension. To address these disputes, we carried out a comprehensive study of petrography, whole-rock major and trace elements, mineralogy, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) zircon U-Pb dating, and in situ zircon Hf isotope and apatite Sr isotope analyses for the newly discovered early Mesozoic diabase swarms in the southern CAOB. High-precision SIMS zircon U-Pb dating of these diabases yielded concordant ages ranging from 250.8 ± 3.8 Ma to 248.2 ± 2.4 Ma, representing the Early Triassic magmatic activities. These diabase samples belong to sub-alkaline series with low SiO2 and K2O contents and relatively high TiO2, MgO, and transition metal element contents (e.g., Cr, Ni). They are enriched in large-ion lithophile elements and depleted in high field strength elements, with Nb-Ta negative anomalies, indicating typical arc-style geochemical affinities. They show weakly fractionated rare earth elements (REE) with flat chondrite-normalized REE patterns similar to enriched mid-ocean-ridge basalt (MORB) and relatively homogeneous and highly depleted isotopic compositions, with zircon εHf(t) values of +2.63 to +7.97 and significantly low apatite 87Sr/86Sr values of 0.703656−0.704147. These diabase samples were originated by ∼5%−10% decompression melting of a mantle wedge (spinel-garnet lherzolite) metasomatized by subduction-related melts, with minor contributions of mid-ocean-ridge basalt (MORB)-like asthenospheric materials. These Early Triassic diabase swarms, together with coeval magmatic flare-ups of high-Mg andesites and Nb-enriched mafic rocks and adakites, confirm a lithosphere extension-related “hot” environment accompanied by the melting of oceanic slab and the associated melt-mantle wedge interactions in the southeastern segment of the CAOB. It is suggested that the Early Triassic diabase swarms were formed in a slab window, triggered by slab break-off of the Paleo-Asian oceanic slab. The upwelling of asthenospheric materials induced decompression melting of the lithospheric mantle, which was favorable for the emplacement of the Early Triassic diabase swarms.
Bulk and inter-mineral zinc isotopic systematics of continental eclogites from the Dabie orogenic belt, central China
Authors: Lu Tian-Yi , Cheng Hao , Takahashi Yoshio , Iizuka Tsuyoshi , Chen Qiong , Gao Limin
Published: December 2024

High-pressure eclogites with continental affinities exposed on Earth’s surface offer insights into the subduction process. However, the isotopic characteristics of zinc in these subducted continental crustal materials are rarely explored. In this study, we report Zn isotope compositions of minerals and whole rocks for fresh and retrograded continental eclogites from the Dabie orogenic belt. Fresh eclogites display δ66Zn values ranging from 0.21‰ ± 0.01‰ to 0.35‰ ± 0.04‰, whereas retrograde eclogites exhibit a broader range from 0.18‰ ± 0.03‰ to 0.36‰ ± 0.05‰, both higher than typical mantle values (0.16‰−0.20‰). The absence of correlations between δ66Zn values and major oxide contents (Al2O3, MgO, FeO, and TiO2) or fluid-mobile indicators (Ba/La, Pb/Ce, Nb/U, Rb/TiO2), along with the linear correlations between TiO2 and other oxides as well as high field strength elements (Nb, Y, and Hf), suggests that Zn isotopes do not reflect magmatic processes and are largely unaffected by metamorphic fluid-rock interactions. This implies that Zn isotopic variations in continental eclogites likely reflect the inherent heterogeneity of their protoliths. Significant inter-mineral Zn isotope fractionation is observed in both fresh (−0.09‰ to +0.38‰) and retrograde eclogites (−0.04‰ to +0.40‰). Mass balance reconstructed whole-rock δ66Zn values are consistent with the measured bulk values, probably suggesting equilibrium fractionation amongst minerals during the subduction-exhumation cycle. This is further supported by the consistent Δ66ZnOmp-Grt values in both fresh (0.25‰ ± 0.07‰) and retrograde (0.27‰ ± 0.08‰) eclogites.
Supplemental Material: A 50 m.y. melting model for the rare metal–rich Koktokay pegmatite in the Chinese Altai: Implications from a newly identified Jurassic granite
Authors: Han Jinsheng , Chen Huayong , al. et
Published: December 2024

Table S1: Major-element (wt%) and trace-element (ppm) compositions of apatite from the granite apophysis and the Koktokay No. 3 pegmatite. Table S2: Major-element composition of columbite in the granite apophysis. Table S3: Major- and trace-element composition of micas in the granite apophysis. Table S4: Major (wt%) and trace (ppm) elements for the granite apophysis. Table S5: LA-ICP-MS U-Pb analytical results of columbites and apatites. Table S6: Whole-rock Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes of the granite apophysis in the Koktokay No. 3 pegmatite. Table S7: Multicollector LA-ICP-MS boron isotopes of tourmalines from the granite apophysis. Table S8: Compiled age data of magmatic-hydrothermal activity in the Koktokay No. 3 pegmatite. 
Supplemental Material: Enhanced terrestrial nutrient release during the Devonian emergence and expansion of forests: Evidence from lacustrine phosphorus and geochemical records
Authors: Smart Matthew S. , al. et
Published: December 2024

Lake cycle geochemical correlations.
Inequalities in uptake of childhood vaccination in England, 2019-23: longitudinal study
Authors: Flatt Aidan , Vivancos Roberto , French Neil , Quinn Sophie , Ashton Matthew , Decraene Valérie , Hungerford Daniel , Taylor-Robinson David
Published: December 2024

Objective

To quantify changes in inequalities in uptake of childhood vaccination during a period of steadily declining overall childhood vaccination rates in England.

Design

Longitudinal study.

Setting

General practice data for five vaccines administered to children (first and second doses of the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR1 and MMR2, respectively), rotavirus vaccine, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) booster, and six-in-one (DTaP/IPV/Hib/HepB) vaccine covering diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio,Haemophilus influenzaetype b, and hepatitis B) from the Cover of Vaccination Uptake Evaluated Rapidly dataset in England.

Participants

Children aged <5 years eligible for vaccinations between April 2019 and March 2023 registered at primary care practices in England. 2 386 317 (2 309 674 for rotavirus vaccine) children included in the study were eligible at age 1 year, 2 456 020 at 2 years, and 2 689 304 at 5 years.

Main outcome measures

Changes in quarterly vaccine uptake over time and compared by deprivation level. Regression analyses were used to quantify the change in inequalities in vaccine uptake over time—expressed as changes in the slope index of inequality (SII). Cumulative susceptibility to measles and rotavirus disease at age 5 years was estimated. Analyses were repeated at regional level.

Results

The absolute inequality in vaccine uptake at baseline (2019-20) was largest for MMR2 in children at age 5 years (SII −9.6%, 95% confidence interval (CI) −10.2% to −9.0%). For all vaccinations studied, the SII for uptake increased over the study period: from −5.1% to −7.7% for the six-in-one vaccine, −7.4% to −10.2% for rotavirus, −7.9% to −9.7% for PCV booster, −8.0% to −10.0% for MMR1 at age 2 years, −3.1% to −5.6% for MMR1 at age 5 years, and −9.6% to −13.4% for MMR2 at age 5 years. The number of children susceptible to measles by the end of the study period increased 15-fold in the least deprived group (from 1364 to 20 958) and 20-fold in the most deprived group (from 1296 to 25 345). For rotavirus, a 14-fold increase was observed in the least deprived group (from 2292 to 32 981) and a 16-fold increase in the most deprived group (from 2815 to 45 201). Regional analysis showed greatest inequalities in uptake in London and the northern regions.

Conclusion

The findings of this study suggest that inequalities in childhood vaccination are increasing in England, as uptake rates for five key childhood vaccinations decreased between 2019 and 2023, below the World Health Organization’s recommended 95% uptake target, and with noticeable regional differences. Urgent action is needed to strengthen systems for childhood vaccination, with a key focus on reducing inequalities.
Monitoring subseafloor temperature and fluid pressure in sealed ODP/IODP boreholes to constrain in-situ hydrological state and processes in igneous oceanic crust
Authors: Becker Keir , Davis Earl , Fisher Andrew T. , Villinger Heinrich
Published: December 2024

We review the contributions to our understanding of the hydrogeology of the oceanic crust as gained by monitoring subseafloor temperatures and pressures in CORK (“Circulation Obviation Retrofit Kit”) sealed hole observatories that penetrate through marine sediments into igneous basement. CORKs were installed during 1991-2012 in 17 holes drilled by the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) and Integrated Ocean Drilling Programs (IODP) in igneous oceanic crust (aged 0.4 to 24 Ma) in the thickly sedimented eastern Pacific Ocean and in the thinly sedimented north Atlantic Ocean. Results indicate that the igneous crust in all these settings is highly transmissive and supports vigorous lateral fluid flow and/or convection beneath the sediment cover driven by very small horizontal pressure gradients. Inter-CORK experiments suggest that the horizontal permeability of the young oceanic basement at these sites may be anisotropic, with higher values in the direction parallel to the axis of spreading and tectonic fabric and lower values in a ridge-normal cross-strike direction. Tracer experiments applied to ridge-parallel flow suggest that only a small fraction of the crust is well connected. CORKs also record the response of subseafloor formation fluid pressures to seafloor tidal loading, and, once the tidal responses are filtered out, response to tectonic strain events. Interpretations based on these responses and original two-dimensional modelling of ridge-normal fluid circulation in the crust suggest a scale dependence of permeability of igneous oceanic crust (higher values at larger scales up to tens of km), although recent three-dimensional models suggest a more limited scale effect. CORKs have also provided important geochemical and microbiological results from the igneous oceanic crust, although they are not reviewed in this paper.
Chinese Herbal Medicine for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Perspective of Local Immune Actions
Authors: Zhang Mengmeng , Wu Xu , Gao Huanqing , Zhang Lin , Li Yao , Li Min , Zhao Chongbo , Wei Peifeng , Ou Li
Published: December 2024

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the functional gastrointestinal disorder, characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. The interest in intestinal immune activation as a potential disease mechanism for IBS has increased exponentially in recent years. This study was designed to summarize the Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) that potentially exert protective effects against IBS through inhibition of intestinal immune activation. We detailed the current evidence that immune activation contributes to the pathology of IBS and discussed the potential mechanisms involved. Then, therapeutic effects and possible mechanisms related to immune response of herbal medicine prescriptions, extracts, and monomers were analyzed. The reasons leading to the aberrant and persistent immune activation noted in IBS are mainly associated with the increased number of mast cells, CD3[Formula: see text] T cells, and CD4[Formula: see text] T cells. The mechanisms mainly focused on the gut microbiota disorder induced alteration of the PGE2/COX2/SERT/5-HT, TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB, and BDNF/TrkB pathways. Most of the CHM alleviated IBS through interventions of intestinal immune activation via gut microbiota related to the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and SCF/c-kit pathways. We hope this review will provide some clues for the further development of novel candidate agents for IBS and other intestinal immune disorders.
Toward Heterogeneous Graph-based Imitation Learning for Autonomous Driving Simulation: Interaction Awareness and Hierarchical Explainability
Authors: Tabatabaie Mahan , He Suining , Shin Kang , Wang Hao
Published: December 2024

Understanding and learning the actor-to-X interactions (AXIs), such as those between the focal vehicles (actor) and other traffic participants, such as other vehicles and pedestrians, as well as traffic environments like the city or road map, is essential for the development of a decision-making model and the simulation of autonomous driving. Existing practices on imitation learning (IL) for autonomous driving simulation, despite the advances in the model learnability, have not accounted for fusing and differentiating the heterogeneous AXIs in complex road environments. Furthermore, how to further explain the hierarchical structures within the complex AXIs remains largely under-explored.

To meet these challenges, we propose
HGIL
, an interaction-aware and hierarchically-explainable

H

eterogeneous

G

raph-based

I

mitation

L

earning approach for autonomous driving simulation. We have designed a novel heterogeneous interaction graph (HIG) to provide local and global representation as well as awareness of the AXIs. Integrating the HIG as the state embeddings, we have designed a hierarchically-explainable generative adversarial imitation learning approach, with local sub-graph and global cross-graph attention, to capture the interaction behaviors and driving decision-making processes. Our data-driven simulation and explanation studies based on the Argoverse v2 dataset (with a total of 40,000 driving scenes) have corroborated the accuracy (e.g., lower displacement errors compared to the state-of-the-art (SOTA) approaches) and explainability of
HGIL
in learning and capturing the complex AXIs.
Cardiac dysfunction and altered gene expression in acid ceramidase-deficient mice
Authors: Kleynerman Annie , Rybova Jitka , McKillop William M. , Dlugi Theresa A. , Faber Mary L. , Fuller Maria , O’Meara Caitlin C. , Medin Jeffrey A.
Published: December 2024

This is the first characterization of cardiac function and histopathology in a mouse model of acid ceramidase deficiency. We report physiologic disruption suggestive of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, progressive histopathology, and aberrant gene expression. We found significant lysosomal disruption at both neonatal and adult ages, suggesting a crucial role of acid ceramidase, and potentially ceramides, in cardiac development and function.
Application of Integrated Geophysical Techniques to Map Groundwater Potential Zones and Geological Structures for Irrigation Purpose at “Humbo‐Larena” Plain, Wolaita Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Teklemariam Ayalew Lemma
Published: December 2024

Groundwater resource in the “Larena Plain” at the western margins of the Southern Main Ethiopian Rift (SMER) was investigated using integrated geophysical techniques—electrical resistivity and magnetic methods. The objective was to assess aquifer depth, extent, and geological controls in the study area. Vertical electrical sounding (VES) was employed to examine and map aquifer depth and lateral extension, while geological structures and lithological contacts influencing groundwater flow and accumulation were identified using magnetic surveys. Two‐stage aquifers were identified: a deeper fractured ignimbrite and a volcanoclastic sediment aquifer covered by shallow weathered ignimbrite. The depths and distributions of these aquifers were mapped, with geological structures generally aligned in the NNE–SSW orientation. Understanding these geological structures and aquifer systems is crucial for effective groundwater management in the “Larena Plain,” providing valuable insights for regional hydrogeological studies.
Detection of Tick‐Borne Pathogen Coinfections and Coexposures to Foot‐and‐Mouth Disease, Brucellosis, and Q Fever in Selected Wildlife From Kruger National Park, South Africa, and Etosha National Park, Namibia
Authors: Cossu Carlo Andrea , Ochai Sunday Ochonu , Troskie Milana , Hartmann Axel , Godfroid Jacques , de Klerk Lin-Mari , Turner Wendy , Kamath Pauline , van Schalkwyk Ockert Louis , Cassini Rudi , Bhoora Raksha , van Heerden Henriette
Published: December 2024

Background: Although the rate of emerging infectious diseases that originate in wildlife has been increasing globally in recent decades, there is currently a lack of epidemiological data from wild animals.

Methodology: We used serology to determine prior exposure to foot‐and‐mouth disease virus (FMDV), Brucella spp., and Coxiella burnetii and used genetic testing to detect blood‐borne parasitic infections in the genera Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Theileria, and Babesia from wildlife in two national parks, Kruger National Park (KNP), South Africa, and Etosha National Park (ENP), Namibia. Serum and whole blood samples were obtained from free‐roaming plains zebra (Equus quagga), greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), impala (Aepyceros melampus), and blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus). Risk factors (host species, sex, and sampling park) for infection with each pathogen were assessed, as well as the prevalence and distribution of co‐occurring infections.

Results: In KNP 13/29 (45%; confidence interval [CI]: 26%–64%) kudus tested positive for FMD, but none of these reacted to SAT serotypes. For brucellosis, seropositive results were obtained for 3/29 (10%; CI: 2%–27%) kudu samples. Antibodies against C. burnetii were detected in 6/29 (21%; CI: 8%–40%) kudus, 14/21 (67%; CI: 43%–85%) impalas, and 18/39 (46%; CI: 30%–63%) zebras. A total of 28/28 kudus tested positive for Theileria spp. (100%; CI: 88%–100%) and 27/28 for Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp. (96%; CI: 82%–100%), whereas 12/19 impalas (63%) and 2/39 zebra (5%) tested positive for Anaplasma centrale. In ENP, only 1/29 (3%; CI: 0%–18%) wildebeest samples tested positive for FMD. None of the samples tested positive for brucellosis, while C. burnetii antibodies were detected in 26/30 wildebeests (87%; CI: 69%–96%), 16/40 kudus (40%; CI: 25%–57%), and 26/26 plains zebras (100%; CI: 87%–100%). A total of 60% Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp. and 35% Theileria/Babesia spp. in kudu and 37% wildebeest tested positive to Theileria sp. (sable), 30% to Babesia occultans, and 3%–7% to Anaplasma spp. The seroprevalence of Q fever was significantly higher in ENP, while Brucella spp., Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Theileria, and Babesia species were significantly higher in KNP. Significant coinfections were also identified.

Conclusion: This work provided baseline serological and molecular data on 40+ pathogens in four wildlife species from two national parks in southern Africa.
Silicone Oil Inhibits Early Bacterial Expansion in an In Vitro Model of Intraocular Tamponade
Authors: Choi Eun Young , Kim Kang Hyun , Lee Hyukmin , Kim Min
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Infectious endophthalmitis, a vision-threatening disease caused by exogenous or endogenous microbial invasion, may require vitrectomy with or without silicone oil (SO) tamponade in severe cases. SO antimicrobial effects have been suggested but not demonstrated in an in vitro environment mimicking real clinical conditions. Using an in vitro intraocular tamponade model, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of SO against 11 bacterial and 1 fungal species, including antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Methods: Following inoculation, assay plates were coated with SO or balanced salt solution or left uncoated. Colony-forming units were measured 24, 48, and 72 h after incubation and compared among the three media types and three timepoints for each strain. Differences in colony size were assessed using quantitative image analysis.
Results: At early incubation, methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant S. aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, and cephalosporin-sensitive and cephalosporin-resistant K. pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii colonies were significantly smaller in the SO-coated than in the control media. The number of colony-forming units showed no significant differences between SO-coated and control media for all tested species.
Conclusion: SO demonstrated a inhibitory effect on early colony expansion of certain aerobic bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, but does not have a bactericidal effect. Therefore, the use of SO tamponade should be primarily determined by the clinical presentation and intraoperative retinal findings during surgery, rather than its potential antimicrobial effects.
Long-Term Outcomes After Slow Low-Dose Oral Immunotherapy for Cow’s Milk
Authors: Matsuo Yoshito , Sugiura Shiro , Masukane Seiya , Tanaka Fumi , Makino Atsushi , Kitamura Katsumasa , Matsui Teruaki , Takasato Yoshihiro , Ito Komei
Published: December 2024

Introduction: We previously reported the result of slow low-dose oral immunotherapy (SLOIT), which is a 1-year severity-stratified low-dose OIT for severe cow’s milk allergy (CMA) (threshold dose ≤287 mg of cumulative cow’s milk [CM] protein at the entry oral food challenge [OFC]). After completing the SLOIT protocol (exit-OFC to cumulative 287 mg of CM protein), the participants were instructed to gradually increase the amount of CM, roughly doubling the increasing pace, if they could consume it symptom-free for 2–3 months (SLOIT-plus). This study evaluated the long-term outcomes of SLOIT and identified the factors associated with these outcomes. Methods: The subjects were 23 children who completed the SLOIT protocol and proceeded with the SLOIT-plus instructions. The proportion of subjects who were desensitized to the full dose (FD; 200 mL of CM) was evaluated. Additionally, factors associated with FD 3 years after SLOIT (FD group) were analyzed. The allergic symptoms provoked in the OFC were quantified using the total score (TS) of the Anaphylaxis Scoring Aichi (ASCA), and the overall severity was expressed as TS/Pro (TS/cumulative protein dosage). Results: The number of subjects who were desensitized to FD within 12, 24, and 36 months was 0 (0%), 3 (13%), and 8 (35%), respectively. The FD group exhibited a larger decrease in TS/Pro, IgE specific to CM, and casein after the SLOIT protocol. Conclusions: A third of the children with severe CMA were desensitized to FD within 36 months after SLOIT. A better response to the 1-year SLOIT protocol was associated with better long-term outcomes.
Clinical Challenges in Treating Cancer Associated Thrombosis: A Clinically Oriented Review
Authors: Goldberg Idan , Spectre Galia , Raanani Pia , Cate Hugo ten , Leader Avi
Published: December 2024

Background: Managing cancer associated thrombosis (CAT) is a significant clinical challenge due to several factors such as increased bleeding tendency, frailty, and drug - drug interactions.
For many years, the drug of choice for treating CAT was low molecular weight heparin (LMWH); Recently, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) entered to the therapeutic milieu of CAT.
However, due to the large diversity among patients with CAT in clinical and laboratory characteristics not all patients will equally benefit from treatment with DOACs. Furthermore, several subgroups of patients with CAT have specific characteristics that influence the anticoagulant decision-making process.
Summary: In this review, we present four different theoretical clinical case scenarios, each representing a different challenge that is associated with thrombosis management; brain metastasis, malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract, drug-drug interactions (DDI) and thrombocytopenia. By reviewing current literature, we suggest our clinical approach for managing these cases in the era of DOACs.
Key messages: (1) The management of patients with brain tumors and CAT is challenging due to increased risk for both intracranial hemorrhage and recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE). Both LMWH and DOACs are optional treatment in this setting. (2) There are conflicting data regarding the bleeding risk in patients with GI malignancies. Treatment with LMWH should be considered specifically in patients with advanced disease and unresectable tumors. (3) There is a paucity of data regarding DDI in patients with CAT. However, caution should be exercised when prescribing DOACs to patients receiving concurrent medications that either affect DOAC metabolism or influence bleeding risk. (4) The management of patients with CAT and thrombocytopenia depends on the severity of thrombocytopenia and the timing of the thrombotic event.
Immunohistochemical identification of sensory neuropeptides Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP), Substance P and Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) in Efferent Vestibular Nucleus neurons
Authors: Lorincz David , Drury Hannah Rose , Lim Rebecca , Brichta Alan Martin
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
The Efferent Vestibular System (EVS) originates in brainstem Efferent Vestibular Nuclei (EVN) and modifies afferent vestibular signals at their source, in peripheral vestibular organs. Recent evidence suggests that EVS is also involved in the development of motion sickness symptoms, including vertigo and nausea, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. One possible link between EVN and motion sickness symptoms is through the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). CGRP often co-exists with substance P and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), two neuropeptides with similar vasodilatory effects. Collectively, these sensory neuropeptides have been associated with vestibular migraine pathophysiology and motion sickness. While CGRP and the fast EVS neurotransmitter, acetylcholine (ACh), have previously been identified in EVN neurons and their peripheral terminals, the presence of substance P and PACAP in the EVN has not yet been described.
Methods:
We used fluorescent immunohistochemistry combined with confocal microscopy to examine the distribution of these three neuropeptides in the mouse EVN. In transgenic ChAT-gCaMP6f mice, EVN neurons were positively identified using the fluorescent expression of gCaMP6f. In wild type C57/BL6 mice, EVN neurons were confirmed using Choline Acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunolabelling.
Results:
Consistent with previous studies, CGRP was labelled in a subset of cholinergic EVN neurons. Additionally, we also show evidence for substance P and PACAP expression in EVN of transgenic and wild type mice.
Conclusion:
The presence of CGRP, substance P, and PACAP in EVN neurons suggests a complex peptidergic modulation of cholinergic signaling, whose release into local blood vessels may contribute to motion sickness symptoms.
Multiple aneurysms: an insight through the mirrors
Authors: Constant dit Beaufils Pacôme , Karakachoff Matilde , Thouant Pierre , Gourraud Pierre-Antoine , Zhu François , Lindgren Antti , Bourcier Romain
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Mirror intracranial aneurysms (MIAs) are intracranial aneurysms (IAs) located bilaterally and symmetrically either side of the circle of Willis. This study explored the characteristics of MIAs and examined their prevalence at various intracranial locations in a large international population with multiple IAs, aimed at shedding light on the concept of MIA.
Methods: Data were collected from cohorts of patients in France and Finland with ≥ 2 definite saccular arterial dilatations at intracranial vessel bifurcations. Patients were classified as ‘MIA patients’ if they had bilateral, symmetrically located IAs and further classified as having a pure phenotype (i.e., no other IAs present) or a mixed phenotype if non-mirror additional IAs were present. Statistical analysis used logistic regression models to assess the association of IA location with MIA status and conditional probabilities were calculated for paired locations.
Results: In a population of 2,124 patients with 5,459 IAs, 754 patients (33.5%) with a mean age 55.5 (SD 11.3) years had 798 MIAs. MIA patients were predominantly female (541; 72%). We found no relevant differences in clinical characteristics between MIA and non-MIA patients. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) location was the only variable independently associated with MIA status (OR 1.36 (95%CI 1.07%-1.71%), P=.0101).
Conclusion: MIAs on MCA is a distinct condition among patients with multiple IAs, indicating a potential focal vulnerability related to a predisposing anatomical factor. Particular care is therefore needed during IA screening and follow-up to identify and manage MIAs.
Findings in chromosomal microarray analysis during prenatal diagnosis in high-risk individuals
Authors: Carrasco Salas Pilar , Granell Escobar Reyes , Serrano Mira Ana , Pérez Saldaña Angustias , Cosculluela Vidal Marta , Garrido Carlos , Vázquez Rico Ignacio
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) allows the detection of submicroscopic chromosomal abnormalities. In recent years, its use in prenatal diagnosis has been implemented when certain ultrasound findings are detected. The purpose of this study was to analyze and describe the imbalances detected in prenatal samples collected from pregnancies followed in our center for having the indication to perform diagnosis using CMA.
Material and methods: CMA performed in our center on chorionic villi and amniotic fluids during the period 2019-2023 were collected. The inclusion criteria were: normal screening of common aneuploidies and at least one of the following features: nuchal translucency higher than percentile 99, fetal abnormalities, early-onset fetal growth restriction, parents´ history of chromosomal imbalances, or cases with abnormal karyotype. When a relevant variant was detected, it was analyzed in the parents' fetus and when available, the phenotype of the children borned was collected.
Results: 216 CMA studies were performed in four years. Pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs) were detected in 13 samples (6%), identifying two concurrent pathogenic alterations in one case. Isolated CNVs had OMIM numbers and corresponded to already reported syndromes. Seven variants of unknown significance (3.7%) were observed. The study of the parents showed that the majority of the variants identified had been produced de novo, except one pathogenic and five unknown CNVs that had been inherited from an apparently healthy parent. Three microduplications drew specially our attention: duplication 5q35.2 which encompassed MSX2 gene (because the reported phenotype is not consistent with what is expected for the genomic region) and duplications 1q21.1 and 16p11.2 (due to the ultrasound findings detected in fetuses had recently been postulated to be associated with these CNVs).
Conclusion: The phenotype of CNVs identified in prenatal samples is highly variable prenatally, like postnatally. Some findings may be part of the syndromes to which they give rise and some phenotypes may be pending to define. Further studies are needed to better define these variants and to understand how haploinsufficiency or over-expression of genes included in these regions can cause such complex phenotypes.
Preeclampsia and the long term risk of developing neurological disorders requiring hospital admission
Authors: Auger Nathalie , Paradis Gilles , Keezer Mark , Leduc Valérie , Healy‑Profitós Jessica , Lewin Antoine , Maniraho Amanda , Potter Brian J.
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Preeclampsia is associated with acute neurological complications during pregnancy, but the subsequent risk of developing a neurological disorder is unclear. We determined if preeclampsia was associated with the long-term risk of neurological morbidity.
Methods: We conducted a longitudinal cohort study of 1,460,098 pregnant women with and without preeclampsia in Quebec, Canada, between 1989 and 2023. The main exposure measure was preeclampsia diagnosed in any pregnancy. Outcomes included hospitalization for cerebrovascular disease, epilepsy, and other neurological disorders up to three decades after pregnancy. Using Cox regression models adjusted for confounders, we estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between preeclampsia and neurological disorders during 27,659,555 person-years of follow-up.
Results: There were 1,460,098 women in the cohort, including 73,890 (5.1%) with preeclampsia. Women with preeclampsia had a higher incidence of neurological disorders than women without preeclampsia (113.2 vs. 79.3 per 100,000 person-years). Compared with no preeclampsia, preeclampsia was associated with 1.49 times the risk of later neurological hospitalization (95% CI 1.41–1.57). Preeclampsia was primarily associated with cerebrovascular disease (HR 1.89, 95% CI 1.76–2.03) and epilepsy (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.24–1.57). A link with other neuropathology was less apparent, although severe preeclampsia was associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Severe hypertension, including early onset (HR 2.35, 95% CI 2.06–2.68), recurrent (HR 2.47, 95% CI 2.13–2.86), and superimposed preeclampsia (HR 2.60, 95% CI 2.17–3.12), was more strongly associated with neurological hospitalization overall.
Conclusion: Preeclampsia is associated with the long-term risk of developing cerebrovascular disease and epilepsy, but associations with other neurological disorders are less prominent.
Subjetividades Políticas de Paz en Experiencias del Secretariado Nacional de Pastoral Social
Authors: Posada-Escobar Jorge Jairo , Briceño-alvarado Patricia del Pilar , Santacoloma-Alvarán Juliana
Published: December 2024

(analítico): Nuestro objetivo en este artículo es presentar un avance de la investigación Las condiciones y modos de Construcción de subjetividades políticas para la paz en jóvenes de organizaciones interétnicas y feministas desde una perspectiva intergeneracional. Presentamos de manera sintética la conceptualización respecto a las subjetividades, las subjetividades políticas y los conceptos de Paz. Adicionalmente, hacemos un análisis de las experiencias promovidas por el Secretariado Nacional de Pastoral Social, a la luz de estas categorías.
Dar casa a las voces infantiles, reflexiones desde la historia
Authors: SOSENSKI SUSANA
Published: December 2024

(analítico): En este artículo reflexiono sobre algunas paradojas que surgen al rescatar las voces de las niñas y los niños en las investigaciones académicas. Analizo qué se hace desde la academia con las voces infantiles una vez que las investigaciones o proyectos llegan a su fin.Aquí planteo que es necesario pensar en la voz infantil como un documento que puede enmarcarse en diversos géneros discursivos. En tanto se sostiene que las niñas y los niños son autores de discursos y de documentos, en este texto propongo que las voces infantiles sean preservadas y compartidas, con la finalidad de que puedan ser reutilizadas y reinterpretadas. Para ello sugiero la construcción de archivos con documentos infantiles.
Comunidad, jóvenes y generación: disputando subjetividades en la Sierra Norte de Oaxaca
Authors: Aquino-Moreschi Alejandra , Contreras-Pastrana Isis
Published: December 2024

(descriptivo): En este artículo analizamos desde una perspectiva etnográfica, de qué forma se construye y experimenta la juventud en diferentes comunidades ayuujk y zapotecas de la Sierra Norte de Oaxaca, México. En el centro del análisis ubicamos los conflictos generacionales por la definición de subjetividades, en particular, las tensiones que tienen que ver con el cuerpo, las identidades y las apuestas de vida individuales y colectivas. A partir de material etnográfico y entrevistas en profundidad mostramos cómo, si bien los sujetos jóvenes son herederos de las luchas de sus predecesores y mantienen en su mayoría un fuerte compromiso comunitario, también están planteando otras formas de ser joven que desestabilizan las subjetividades y las prácticas establecidas al interior de sus pueblos.
Los derechos del niño: cuestiones sobre su fundamentación
Authors: Lozano-Vicente Agustín
Published: December 2024

(descriptivo): El presente trabajo intenta contribuir al debate abierto sobre la condición del niño como sujeto de derechos. En primer lugar, presento las principales controversias así como las teorías existentes sobre esta cuestión. Sostengo la tesis de que los derechos del niño descansan en el reconocimiento universal de la individualidad del niño como condición necesaria para ser considerado como persona y así titular de derechos. Sin embargo, la condición de persona sólo se alcanzará plenamente en el seno de una determinada configuración social capaz de dotar de valor a dicha individualidad. Para desarrollar esta idea, expongo lo que constituiría el fundamento material y el fundamento formal que subyace a los derechos del niño. Se finaliza defendiendo un enfoque gradualista en la adquisición de los derechos en un contexto de valores comunitarios
Experiência e tradição em Walter Benjamin: ressonâncias para a educação
Authors: Alves da Rocha Sérgio Luiz
Published: December 2024

(descritivo): O proceso educativo faz com que diferentes gerações tenham que relacionar-se. Diante das modifcações dos últimos anos, alguns professores, adotam ora uma perspectiva saudosista, ora um discurso que valoriza de modo extremo os jovens e o novo. A ênfase, seja na experiência dos mais velhos, com a consequente desvalorização dos mais jovens, ou da experiência dos mais jovens, renegando-se a experiência dos mais velhos, nos impede de estabelecer pontes entre as gerações. Utilizo alguns textos de Walter Benjamin para refetir sobre o significado da experiência e da tradição. As ideias de Benjamin me permitem pensar sobre a relação entre as gerações no interior da escola a partir de uma postura ética que reconheça nosso papel como representantes de uma determinada tradição sem deixar de estarmos abertos às experiências dos jovens.
Tutorías académicas: desafíos de un programa piloto entre pares en una universidad no selectiva
Authors: Andreucci-Annunziata Paola , Curiche Alexis
Published: December 2024

(descriptivo): Se presentan los desafíos y las posibilidades de un programa piloto de tutorías entre pares en el contexto de una institución universitaria de acceso abierto y de carácter no selectivo. Se plantean los fundamentos del programa, las fases de reclutamiento y selección de tutores, el proceso de formación de los tutores, el programa de tutorías diferenciado por comunidades de apoyo -lectoescritura, razonamiento lógico y matemática-, su implementación y los resultados de efectividad obtenidos en los tutorados. Para ello, se consideran las demandas de apoyo académico de los estudiantes y los porcentajes de aprobación luego de implementado el programa en las actividades curriculares del semestre lectivo cursado. Se discuten los resultados del plan piloto y se plantean ciertos desafíos referentes a la cobertura del programa, las estrategias utilizadas para la captación de la motivación y la persistencia del estudiante en la instancia de acompañamiento y la focalización en las "inter-comunidades" como cristalización paradigmática de la perspectiva transversal, competencial, incremental y dialógica de la propuesta presentada.
Política brasileira para a juventude: a proposta dos Centros da Juventude
Authors: Garcia Barreiro Rafael , Serrata Malfitano Ana Paula
Published: December 2024

(descriptive): this study draws on the National Youth Policy of Brazil with the goal of understanding the role of Youth Centers (YCs) that are specifc places where young people can engage in culture and leisure activities. The method used in this study was in-depth interviews with YC managers in four Brazilian cities, as well as the State Manager and with National Manager of the program. The results showed differences in the discourse at each government level, evidencing a gap in their positions. The discourse from the federal and state levels highlighted the guarantee for young people to access their rights. In contrast, managers from the municipal level demonstrated that their political agenda is based on the provision of social assistance that targets poor young people while focusing their attention at the same time on the universality of rights. The authors conclude that the YCs have a limited connection with the National Youth Policy, demonstrating that the Brazilian government's actions need to improve the perception of young people as subjects of rights.
 
Key words: social policy, public administration, youth (Unesco Social Science Thesaurus).
Memory and Anti-memory in the Project by Peter Eisenman and Jaquelin Robertson for Koch-/Friedrichstraße Block 5, Berlin
Authors: Carvalho Carolina Ferreira de , David Morales Jorge
Published: December 2024

This paper aims to explore the importance of memory and anti-memory in the project by Eisenman/Robertson Architects which won the competition for Koch-/Friedrichstraße Block 5. It argues that the method used by the architects involves a “psychoanalysis of the city”. To that end, it examines the concepts of history, memory and anti-memory applied to the context of post-war Berlin reconstruction. The study is based on texts of history, sociology, philosophy and psychoanalysis, as well as on writings of the architects themselves and studies and critiques about them. Thus, the paper aims to show the strong mnemonic charge explored by the project and the critical way in which the architects address the subject of memory, so extensively explored at the time.
Um poema de Caron
Authors: Caron Jorge Osvaldo
Published: December 2024

Sem resumo.
Porto Maravilha, uma década e meia depois
Authors: Miyamoto James Shoiti , Carlos Claudio Lima
Published: December 2024

Identificam-se as fragilidades urbanísticas e sociais do projeto de requalificação do tipo waterfront, que integra o projeto Porto Maravilha, RJ. Do ponto de vista teórico, utiliza-se o conceito de “ecótono urbano”, além de documentos prospectados em variadas fontes. Sob a perspectiva empírica, serão observados cenários consolidados, além de consultas recentes à comunidade local que proporcionam novas perspectivas de análise. Busca-se revisitar a região e confrontar as intenções reais - ou pretextos iniciais, - com as realidades efetivamente implantadas. O Porto Maravilha (2009) objetivou criar uma nova centralidade urbana a partir da Zona Portuária carioca propondo intervenções arquitetônicas, paisagísticas e urbanísticas, que colocaram o habitante tradicional em segundo plano. A partir desta premissa, entende-se que foi criada uma área de atrito, um ecótono urbano, em relação às comunidades tradicionais, principalmente as localizadas nos morros da Conceição, do Pinto, da Providência e do Livramento, situadas na área foco do projeto.
Brasília, capital ou metrópole? O planejamento do Distrito Federal e de sua região na década de 1970
Authors: Derntl Maria Fernanda
Published: December 2024

Este artículo examina algunas de las principales determinaciones planificadas para el Distrito Federal en la década de 1970, buscando situarlas en un proceso continuo de proposiciones y debates sobre su territorio, en conjunto con los planes para su región y el país. El análisis revela que los principios del plan inicial de Brasilia, basado en un núcleo central separado por una franja sanitaria de ciudades satélite, fueron reafirmados y reelaborados a lo largo de ese período, al mismo tiempo que se hicieron evidentes graves problemas en la dinámica urbana de la capital. Entre los temas discutidos en este período, destaca un aparente conflicto entre el papel de Brasilia como capital y su ya visible expansión como metrópolis.