bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Engaging the Scientific Community, Authors and Publishers in FAIR Taxonomic Data Liberation: An Overview of Training Resources at Plazi
Authors: Giora Julia , Agosti Donat , Ruschel Tatiana , Castro Jonas
Published: August 2023

Since 2008, the not-for-profit organization Plazi*1, based in Switzerland, has been supporting and promoting the development of persistent and openly accessible digital taxonomic literature. To achieve this goal, Plazi makes use of in-house software tools for data mining and extraction from taxonomic publications, along with other partner institutions' tools and platforms, to liberate data on animals, plants, fungi, and more. In its mission to make taxonomic data FAIRly (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable*2) available to the community, Plazi has developed sets of training material and courses, which enable taxonomists, collection curators, students, technicians and others to participate in the process of taxonomic data liberation. The participation of several different members of the community is critcally important as data requires deep curation, often very specific to a particular field. Most recently, Plazi led a virtual 2-day workshop as part of the COST MOBILISE ACTION*3 (European Cooperation in Science and Technology - Mobilising Data, Policies and Experts in Scientific Collections) in Europe, along with two 4-day in-person workshops in Brazil and South Africa. Participants are issued certificates that entitle them to extract data on their own, thus multiplying the output of FAIR data using Plazi’s workflow. Plazi is also planning a new series of in-person courses for the scientific community in different regions of Brazil as well as courses for specific audiences interested in data reuse. These courses aim not only at training new certificate data liberators and data search platform users, but also at disseminating knowledge about the relevance of FAIR data, increasing the number of authors and publishers rethinking the future of scientific publications.
B-Cubed: Leveraging Analysis-Ready Biodiversity Datasets and Cloud Computing for Timely and Actionable Biodiversity Monitoring
Authors: Groom Quentin , Abraham Laura , Adriaens Tim , Breugelmans Lissa , Clarke David , Fernández Miguel , Hendrickx Louise , Hui Cang , Kumschick Sabrina , Martini Matilde , McGeoch Melodie , Metodiev Teodor , Miller Joe , Oldoni Damiano , Pereira Henrique , Preda Cristina , Robertson Tim , Rocchini Duccio , Seebens Hanno , Teixeira Heliana , Trekels Maarten , Wilson John Ross , Yovcheva Nikol , Zengeya Tsungai , Desmet Peter
Published: August 2023

Effective biodiversity management and policy decisions require timely access to accurate and reliable information on biodiversity status, trends, and threats. However, the process of data cleaning, aggregation, and analysis is often time-consuming, convoluted, laborious, and irreproducible. Biodiversity monitoring across large areas faces challenges in evaluating data completeness and quantifying sampling effort. Despite these obstacles, unprecedented amounts of biodiversity data are being accumulated from diverse sources, aided by emerging technologies such as automatic sensors, eDNA, and satellite tracking.

To address these challenges, the development of tools and infrastructure is crucial for meaningful interpretations and deeper understanding of biodiversity data (Kissling et al. 2017). Furthermore, a significant delay exists in converting biodiversity data into actionable knowledge. Efforts have been made to reduce this lag through rapid mobilisation of biodiversity observations, digitization of collections (Nelson and Ellis 2018), and streamlined workflows for data publication (Reyserhove et al. 2020). However, delays still occur in the analysis, publication, and dissemination of data.

The B-Cubed project (Biodiversity Building Blocks for Policy)*1 proposes solutions to overcome these challenges. It implements the concept of Occurrence Cubes (Oldoni et al. 2020), which aggregate occurrence data along spatial, temporal and taxonomic dimensions. Cube generation will be available as a new service provided by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). By leveraging aggregated occupancy cubes as analysis-ready biodiversity datasets, we aim to enhance comprehension and reduce barriers to accessing and interpreting biodiversity data. Automation of workflows will provide regular and reproducible indicators and models that are open and useful to users. Additionally, the use of cloud computing offers scalability, flexibility, and collaborative opportunities for applying advanced data science techniques anywhere. Finally, close collaboration with stakeholders will inform us of the requirements for tools, increase impact, and facilitate the flow of information from primary data to the decision-making processes.
A new species of Lumbrineriopsis (Annelida, Eunicida, Lumbrineridae) from southeastern Brazil
Authors: Scamparle Teodoro Nálita Maria , Steiner Tatiana Menchini , Amaral Antonia Cecília Zacagnini
Published: August 2023

Lumbrineriopsis dulcissp. nov. is morphologically described from the continental shelf and slope of Espírito Santo and the Campos Basin of Rio de Janeiro state, southeastern Brazil, at depths between 14 and 400 m. Lumbrineriopsis mucronata is the only species of the genus recorded until now in Brazil. The new species differs from other congeneric species in its jaw-apparatus morphology with unfused mandibles and a fixed number of simple limbate chaetae and simple, bidentate, hooded hooks in each parapodium. This paper aims to fill the gap in knowledge on the family Lumbrineridae, which has not been studied in Brazil for the last 25 years and provides the first record of the genus from Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro states. This record is significant given the damage to the marine ecosystem of the Espírito Santo region due to the 2015 rupture of the Samarco mining company dam, the largest environmental disaster in Brazil’s history. In addition, this region has important environmental conservation units such as Costa das Algas Environmental Protection Area, Santa Cruz Wildlife Refuge, and Comboios Biological Reserve. All these preserved areas are of paramount importance for the protection of marine biological diversity.
Enhancing Motor Development of Premature Infants: A Mobile App to Support Hospital-Home Intervention Program
Authors: Boude Oscar , Ospina Angélica , Pinto Érika , Castellanos-Garrido Adriana Lucía , Sandoval-Cuéllar Carolina
Published: August 2023

The integration of mobile devices into different sectors of society is an increasingly commonprocess; however, their integration as part of medical monitoring for treatments carriedout at home is still new, especially their application to the motor development of prematurechildren. This work determines the elements that a mobile application must have to supporta hospital-home intervention program aimed at improving motor development in prematureinfants. The application is designed to work in Android and iOS platforms for mobile devicesand to support the hospital-home strategy developed at the Universidad de La Sabana. In thisstudy, an evolutionary device was created, developed and validated along with its Unity3D tool. The result is an intuitive application that allows parents to strengthen the motor developmentof their children through a series of 10 exercises designed to stimulate the baby. Itconsists of a registry of babies, fundamentals, exercise modules and follow-up procedures.The conclusions indicate that although the application is intuitive, some parents have difficultyaccessing a mobile device, so it is necessary to create a web version of the application.
Transplanter le bergsonisme dans le « lieu du néant » : Bergson et « l’École de Kyoto »
Authors: Sugimura Yasuhiko
Published: August 2023

The reception of Bergsonism in Japan dates back to the beginning of the 20th century, a pivotal period when the reception of philosophy itself — in the Western sense of the term — was in the process of moving from the stage of total apprenticeship to that of original creation. The event that particularly marked this trend was the birth of the “Kyoto School,” founded by Kitarō Nishida (1870-1945). Nishida was the first to introduce Bergsonism to Japan, and he shared with Bergson one of the imminent philosophical preoccupations of the time, namely a return to the “immediate data” that we are asked to “know as they are.” He began his philosophical journey by developing the idea of “pure experience.” After his arduous efforts to open up the methodical path, known as “self-awakening,” that allows access to this experience prior to the subject/object distinction, Nishida nevertheless arrived at the singular conception of the “place of absolute nothingness,” while maintaining a deep sympathy for Bergsonism. This is very intriguing, given that Bergson himself is an uncompromising critic of the idea of nothingness, which in his eyes is nothing more than a pseudo-concept. So, how is it possible that Nishida is trying to 'transplant' Bergsonism to his place of absolute nothingness? To answer this question, this paper will propose an interpretation according to which the Nishidian locus of absolute nothingness can be seen as a creative transformation of the “plane of pure memory,” the basis of the Bergsonian cone mobilised by Matter and Memory. This reading might indicate that the Nishidian reception of Bergsonism is part of what determines the philosophical approach of this founder of the Kyoto School, and indeed that of the school as a whole: transplanting Western philosophy to non-Western lands.
Non-diabetic hypoglycaemia
Authors: Shah P.
Published: August 2023

Hypoglycaemia is diagnosed by the presence of symptoms of hypoglycaemia, documented low plasma glucose (often less than 50 mg/dl) at the time of symptoms, and recovery of symptoms by correction of glucose. If plasma glucose is normal at the time of symptoms, causes other than hypoglycaemia should be considered. If hypoglycaemia has been documented, the cause of hypoglycaemia should be investigated. Only after documentation of spontaneous endogenous insulin secretion causing hypoglycaemia should we proceed with localization of the tumor. Surgery will cure hypoglycaemia in about 90% of patients with insulinoma. Dumping syndrome can cause postprandial symptoms in people who have had upper gastrointestinal (GI) surgery (and rarely without surgery). The symptom complex in dumping syndrome includes the ones caused by GI stretching and GI hormones, or hypoglycaemia, or both. Dumping syndrome often needs to be managed by dietary interventions with or without pharmacotherapy.
Autoimmune hepatitis overlapping with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus: A case report
Authors: Jazeer M. H. , Maheshwaran U.
Published: August 2023

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an autoimmune liver disorder which rarely coexists with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and presents as an overlap syndrome affecting multiple organs. Herein, we report a case of a 35-year-old healthy male who was evaluated for bilateral leg oedema and was diagnosed with AIH 5 years back. Four years later he developed fever and multiple photosensitive skin rashes, worsening leg oedema and proteinuria to which a diagnosis of coexisting SLE was made. He was diagnosed with the rare entity of AIH subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus overlap syndrome. He was medically managed with immunosuppressive medication to which he responded.
Recurrent Kounis syndrome due to amoxicillin: A case report
Authors: Soysa W. L. M. , Sivagnanam F. G.
Published: August 2023

Kounis syndrome is the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome during an allergic reaction. It is thought to be due to mast cell activation and degranulation leading to coronary vasospasm. A 60-year-old gentleman presented with a cutaneous allergic reaction associated with tightening left-sided chest pain. This occurred 5 minutes after taking Amoxicillin. There were dynamic ECG changes with rising Troponin I. He had a similar episode following Amoxicillin four years ago. This case report highlights the importance of identifying Kounis Syndrome as an important differential diagnosis among patients presenting with chest pain.
Basics of writing a scientific manuscript for publication in a peer-reviewed journal
Authors: Ekanayake L.
Published: August 2023

Drafting a good research paper is a difficult and demanding exercise. For a manuscript to be accepted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal, researchers need to adhere to certain basic rules when drafting a research paper. This article discusses the basics of writing a good research paper for publication, common mistakes made by authors, how to avoid them, and matters related to authorship.
A Comparison of Scimago Institutional Ranking and profile of Scopus-Indexed Publications of Sri Lankan Universities
Authors: Janen T. , Balasubramani R.
Published: August 2023

This study aims to explore the SCImago Institutional Ranking (SIR) 2022 to gain insight into the profile of Sri Lankan universities. Additionally, the study aims to investigate whether there was consistency between Scopus profiles and SIR. Furthermore, the research delves into various factors that impact the research ranking of an academic institution as defined by SCImago, which goes beyond just the number of publications. The data for the study were retrieved from SIR (2022) and Scopus database (2022) and were systematically analyzed. The author chose the following options to extract the data for overall ranking, Universities as a sector, Sri Lanka as the country and 2022 as the year based on all subject areas. The study found that the number of Sri Lankan universities eligible for the SCImago ranking has gradually increased from 2013 to 2022. According to SIR, the University of Colombo is the top-ranked academic institution in Sri Lanka, followed by Rajarata University of Sri Lanka and the University of Jaffna. Out of the fourteen universities in Sri Lanka, eight were ranked by SIR, with six being in the Q1 (first cluster) and two in the Q2 (second cluster). Interestingly, the Rajarata University of Sri Lanka was ranked 1st in SIR 2022 for its research performance among Sri Lankan universities with their 105 publications indexed in Scopus. Analysis of data shows that there is no relationship between the Scopus profile and the SIR. It is also suggesting that having a high number of articles in the Scopus database does not necessarily guarantee a high rank in SIR. The SIR not only depends on the number of publications but also on other factors related to the quality of the publications. Therefore, universities cannot assume their SIR position by considering only the quantity of Scopus indexed publications. SIR mainly considers the quality of the publications to measure the institutional research performance. The SCImago ranking evaluates the institutional whole performance through three of its indicators, and research performance is measured only through Scopus indexed publication. Sri Lankan publications in local and international journals which are not indexed in Scopus and conference papers were not counted for research performance. The findings of this study will facilitate the institutions to compare their position with other institutions, standardize their research practices, improve the international collaboration to uphold the academic benchmark, regulate their research publications and promote their visibility and finally support government bodies and policymakers regarding fund allocations and strategic planning.
The Effect of Hydrothermal Duration on the Formation of Activated Edgesites of 2-H Molybdenum Disulfide andthe of Hydrogen Evolution Performances of the Material
Authors: Premadasa P. M. , Panamaldeniya S. A. , Munasinghe H. , Gunawardhana N.
Published: August 2023

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a nontoxic, environmentally friendly, abundant semiconducting material which is widely used in the areas of hydrogen storage, gas sensing and, solid super lubricant. It has three major phases called 1-T MoS2, 2-H MoS2 and 3-R MoS2. Among them 2-H MoS2 form is the stable form which has a hexagonal phase structure with an activated edge. Therefore, Activation of the material is possibly changing by making differences on nature of material edges. In this work, we report that influence of duration of hydrothermal process toward the growth of edge sites of 2-H molybdenum disulfide nanocomposites. In this study, we have synthesized three 2-H MoS2 nanostructures by facile hydrothermal route by using Ammonium molybdate, Thioacetamide, and urea as the basic precursors. All the samples were prepared at 200 ℃ temperature by changing the duration of hydrothermal process as 24h, 36h and, 48h. The samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) for the phase confirmation and morphological characterizations respectively. Next, Electrochemical characterizations were carried out by using linear sweep voltammetry under the basic medium. Powder X-ray diffraction results confirmed that the prepared three products were at the Hexagonal phase of MoS2 with minor level of impurity.  The SEM images show that the as-prepared structures have a Plate-like structure with sharped edges. Then the Linear sweep voltammetry of the materials verified that the high number of sharped edges of MoS2 nanocomposites leads to excellent activity for Hydrogen evaluation reaction (HER). When compared to others, 48 h material has a higher number of sharped edge sites and the best performances in HER. Finally, the sharpness and amounts of edge sites are possible to control with the duration of hydrothermal process and 2-H MoS2 with more number of sharped edge sites were found to increase the performances of HER.
A Retrospective Study on Patients Bitten or Stung by Arthropods Admitted to Major Hospitals in Jaffna District
Authors: Elankeeran S. , Sivaganesh S. , Kannathasan S.
Published: August 2023

Though a considerable number of arthropod stung or bitten patients seek medical assistance in Jaffna District, only few literatures are available. With this background, this retrospective study was designed to study the holistic pattern of arthropod stings or bites reported in Jaffna District. This institutional based retrospective descriptive study was carried out at major hospitals in Jaffna District. Basic demographic data, type of arthropods, site of bite and other recorded clinical manifestations were extracted to a data sheet from the BHTs for a period of one year. The data were analyzed using statistical software SPSS version 21. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Ethical Review Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaffna. During the study period 1030 patients were reported to the Base Hospitals in the Jaffna District and the Teaching Hospital, Jaffna. Among them 57% were male and the age ranges from 1 to 86 years. Majority of them were from the MOH divisions of Chavakacheri (30%) and Tellipalai (22%) followed by PointPedro (18%). Most of them had unknown bite (36%) followed by wasp stings (23%) and white scorpion (15%) stings. Legs (36%) were the predominant site of bite followed by arm (31%) and head and neck (15)%. This study reveals 72% of the patients reported pain whereas 44% had swelling at the site of bite. Most of the patients (78%) stayed in the hospital for one day and others (22%) stayed for two days, and no fatality was recorded during the study period. In conclusion, arthropod stings or bites need not be neglected anymore and further in depth studies of arthropod biology and risk factors are paramount in order to help the health authorities in the primary prevention.
A Snapshot Summary and Comparative Analysis of Selected Ethics Review Committees Reviewing Clinical Trials in Sri Lanka
Authors: Chenthuran Thurayratnam
Published: August 2023

In Sri Lanka, and across the world, ethics is becoming an ever increasingly integral part of      clinical practice and biomedical research. Comprehensible and transparent ethics standards are essential to public trust in scientific research studies. In the pursuit of ethical research, Ethics Review Committees play a momentous role in the review and monitoring of biomedical research, especially in the case of clinical studies. National legislation and specific legal guidelines which systematically regulate the establishment, functioning, registration, and/or accreditation of such committees in Sri Lanka are yet to be developed. The National Medicines Regulatory Authority, an independent authority within the Sri Lankan Ministry of Health, plays an important role in the regulation of clinical trials in Sri Lanka. This review, albeit briefly, highlights the history of bioethics, the current state of Ethics Review Committees in Sri Lanka, and the recent efforts taken to assess their operations to ensure they meet international standards. In addition, this manuscript critically analyzes the membership composition and quorum requirements of selected Ethics Review Committees in Sri Lanka, as well as the challenges faced by these committees today.
Sequential Early-Life Infections Alter Peripheral Blood Transcriptomics in Aging Female Mice but Not the Response to De Novo Infection with Influenza Virus or M. tuberculosis
Authors: Lanzer Kathleen G , Cookenham Tres , Lehrmann Elin , Zhang Yongqing , Duso Debbie , Xie Qingqing , Reiley William W , Becker Kevin G , Blackman Marcia A
Published: August 2023

To determine the impact of accumulating Ag exposure on immunity in the aging mouse, and to develop a model more relevant to humans who are exposed to multiple pathogens during life, we sequentially infected young female mice with four distinct pathogens at 8-wk intervals: murine γ-herpesvirus 68, Sendai virus, murine CMV, and Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Mock-infected mice received PBS. After aging the sequentially infected and mock-infected mice to 18–25 mo under specific pathogen-free conditions, we analyzed multiple immune parameters. We assessed transcriptional activity in peripheral blood, T cell phenotype, the diversity of influenza epitopes recognized by CD8 T cells, and the response of the animals to infection with influenza virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Our data show enhanced transcriptional activation in sequentially infected aged mice, with changes in some CD8 T cell subsets. However, there was no measurable difference in the response of mock-infected and sequentially infected aged mice to de novo infection with either influenza virus or M. tuberculosis at 18–21 mo. Unexpectedly, a single experiment in which 25-mo-old female mice were challenged with influenza virus revealed a significantly higher survival rate for sequentially infected (80%) versus mock-infected (20%) mice. These data suggest that although exposure to a variety of pathogen challenges in the mouse model does not overtly impact cellular markers of immunity in aged female mice following de novo respiratory infection, subtle changes may emerge in other compartments or with increasing age.
Microwave technology for the treatment of abdomen localized adiposity 9 months follow-up
Authors: Ruiz-Rosas Aura Ibeth , Ronconi Lara , Fusco Irene
Published: August 2023

Not available
The rise of a raiding state: Makaba II’s Ngwaketse, c. 1780-1824
Authors: Morton Fred
Published: August 2023

Though long acknowledged for their military prowess under Makaba II (ruled c. 1780-1824), the emergence of the Ngwaketse among the southern Tswana in the pre-difaqane era has not been sufficiently accounted for, and its significance to regional developments has gone unrecognised and unexplained. Argued here is that the Ngwaketse embarked on territorial domination of southern Botswana during the reign of Moleta (ruled c. 1750 – c. 1780), when they subordinated previous inhabitants, introduced military training as part of initiation, and reached their apogee as a territorial entity prior to Makaba’s reign. The area that the Ngwaketse colonised (Gangwaketse) in Moleta’s time became during the reign of his son Makaba II a base for frequent stock raids among their neighbours and for building a formidable regional state. Their success was derived to an important degree from their use of the hilly terrain in northeastern Gangwaketse suited for stone-wall stock posts secure from their enemies. The Ngwaketse built their military might, in other words, by adapting to the landscape they colonised and shaping each of their settlements to varied local resources. Research is based on a correlation of oral histories, settlement locations, initiation and totemic lists, topographical and Google earth surveys, and field surveys and site mapping in parts of northeastern Gangwaketse and the Kanye area.
Brothers in war and peace: Constand and Abraham Viljoen and the birth of the New South Africa
Authors: Coetzee Emile C.
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
Christiaan de Wet Annale 11: Die Anglo-Boereoorlog in die Potchefstroom omgewing
Authors: De Wet Danell
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
Ethnicity and empire in Kenya: Loyalty and martial race among the Kamba, c 1800 to the present
Authors: Samson Anne
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
Tavern of two oceans: Alcohol, taxes and leases in the seventeenth-century Dutch world
Authors: Groenewald Gerald
Published: August 2023

The retail of alcohol was so central to the economy and society of the Cape of Good Hope during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries that it earned the nickname “tavern of two oceans”. This retail business was organised on the so- called lease or monopoly (pacht) system whereby a person paid the authorities for the right to sell a certain type of alcohol for a given period in a specific area. This article traces the intellectual origins of this system of alcohol retail at the Cape during the VOC era. It does so by tracing both the idea of using leases or monopolies, first in the Dutch Republic in the seventeenth century, and by investigating the ways in which various products, including alcohol, were leased off in the largest and most significant of the VOC’s colonies, Batavia, during the first half of the seventeenth century. It is demonstrated that the ways in which alcohol retail and other economic activities were organised at the Cape developed out of practices established elsewhere in the seventeenth-century Dutch world, but that the exact nature of the system was adapted to unique local circumstances at the early Cape. As such, this comparative article serves as an illustration that developments at the Cape in such a central sphere as business practices were the product of both global and local forces and influences.
Cape of storms: Surveying and rethinking popular resistance in the eighteenth-century Cape colony
Authors: Ulrich Nicole
Published: August 2023

In this article I provide a broad overview of resistance at the Cape under the Dutch East India Company (VOC) undertaken by the multiracial and multiethnic popular classes (low-ranking Company servants including soldiers and sailors, slaves and indigenous Khoesan labourers). I identify and examine some of the main forms of protest including: desertion and the creation of maroon communities; arson; threats against and assault of masters; and collective insurgency comprising rebellions, mutiny and strikes. Questioning established approaches in the literature which emphasise social divisions amongst the popular classes – including along racial and ethnic lines – as well as the limits and weakness of popular protest, this article demonstrates that the popular classes at the Cape developed a rich and varied tradition of “direct action”. The discussion reveals that this was often overt and collective, and sometimes drew sections of the Cape’s popular classes together across divisions. It was also informed by alternative conceptions of morality and justice.
Locating home where discourses of gender and empire intersect: An analysis of selected excerpts from Lady Anne Barnard’s Cape diaries and journals
Authors: Murray Jessica
Published: August 2023

Lady Anne Barnard’s abundant textual legacy has received a great deal of academic attention with scholars scrutinising her letters, journals and diaries. Although much excellent research has been done on her texts, no one has yet offered a sustained critical engagement with representations of home in her writings. This is a curious omission since the construct of home offers rich analytical possibilities, especially in colonial contexts. The notion of the English home played a crucial role in the larger imperial project and women, through their gendered association with the domestic sphere, were able to contribute to this political enterprise in vital, albeit constrained, ways by means of their homemaking activities. References to the home and her homemaking activities at the Cape crop up repeatedly in Lady Anne’s manuscripts, which signal the importance she attached to the loaded ideological construction of the home. A close reading of these extracts yields important insights into the racialised, gendered and classed experiences and identities of Europeans at the Cape in the eighteenth century. This article attempts to fill the scholarly gap by exploring how discourses of gender and empire shaped Lady Anne’s understanding of home. An exploration of these dynamics will shed light on the social and political economies that were operating at the Cape at the time, with a particular emphasis on their gendered dimension. By means of a feminist literary analysis of selected excerpts from her writings, I will demonstrate the gendered and racial forces that come into play in Lady Anne’s discursive and practical constructions of a home in the Cape Colony.
Loyalism in the Cape colony: Exploring the Khoesan subject-citizen space, c.1828-1834
Authors: McDonald Jared
Published: August 2023

This article presents the argument that British loyalism became a defining feature of Khoesan identity during the period from 1828 to 1834. The analysis suggests that expressions of loyalty to the British Crown reflected Khoesan claims to a civic identity that transcended their position of inferiority in Cape colonial society. Loyalism functioned as a collective identity that reflected a sense of belonging to an imagined, British-inspired, civic nation via the performance of subject-citizenship. During the early nineteenth century, the Cape Colony witnessed spirited public debates over the desirability of the extension of civil rights to its indigenous subjects. In the process, Khoesan subject-citizenship became entangled with loyalist impressions of empire which transcended local authorities and racial hierarchies. There was no universal group response to settler-colonialism by the Khoesan. The path to Khoesan subject-citizenship was determined by the extent to which individuals were exposed to ideas and imaginings of imperial civic nationhood and loyalism. Colonial law, evangelical-humanitarianism and imperial commissions of inquiry all functioned as important conduits of the notions of subject- citizenship and loyalism; together, and to varying degrees, these influences shaped Khoesan claims to a subject-based civic identity. The discussion focuses on Khoesan claims to subject-citizen status following the passage of Ordinance 50 in 1828 and in particular, at the time of the vagrancy agitation of 1834.
The transnational factor: The beginnings of South Africa’s women’s movement
Authors: Fernandes Monica G.
Published: August 2023

The South African women’s movement had its origins in the Cape, but it also had a strong transnational relationship with countries such as the United Kingdom and the United States. The earliest formally created women’s organisation in the country, the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), established in 1889, focused on forging a pure society that was liberated from the so-called constraints and perils of liquor. By 1892, the WCTU had formed a franchise department in response to the absence of female enfranchisement in the Cape, therefore promoting women’s national and international suffrage. The WCTU encouraged the establishment of other women’s organisations such as the Women’s Enfranchisement League (WEL) in 1907, which was solely dedicated to the promotion and creation of women’s suffrage. This article aims to understand the international links of the WCTU and WEL as the first two women’s organisations in the Cape Colony. It does so through the framework of transnationalism and also considers the transnational influence on further developments in South Africa’s women’s movement during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
“Skep julle kommando’s in reddingslaers om! Een vir almal, almal vir elkeen!”: Die Ossewa-Brandwag se maatskaplike beleid van Sosiale Volksorg, 1943-1952
Authors: Blignaut Charl
Published: August 2023

Established as an organisation with the aim to influence all aspects of Afrikaner life, the Ossewa-Brandwag (OB) made an impact on the lives of thousands of Afrikaners between 1939 and 1954. At the very start the movement set out to be solely a male enterprise. However, because of the intense emotional feelings and nationalist sentiments created by the 1938 Centenary Celebrations of the Great Trek, women showed great enthusiasm for the OB. This compelled leadership to ensure them a place in the organisation. Thousands of women would eventually take part in all the activities of the movement – from fundraising to political resistance. One of the activities where women excelled was in taking the lead in the many charitable endeavours of the OB referred to as “volksorg” (social care of the nation). No published study exists on the role of women in “volksorg” after the reorganisation of the OB in 1943. This article aims to describe the place and role of women in OB-centred charitable work encapsulated in the concept “volksorg”. Attention is given to the official goals and activities of the “Ossewa-Brandwag Vroue Volksorg Vertakking” (Women’s “Volksorg” Branch) and the movement’s singular interpretation of the “social”. Contemporaries’ understanding of sexual difference is explained through emphasising the distribution of labour according to the norms of gender. In this way the article aims to shed light on how the gender order was shaped by contemporaries’ determinist interpretation of sex.
“Wipe out the Vons!” The Pietermaritzburg Citizens Vigilance Committee and the sinking of the Lusitania, May 1915
Authors: Thompson Paul
Published: August 2023

The Pietermaritzburg Citizens Vigilance Committee was an extra legal body which discovered disloyal persons of German extraction in the city following the riots caused by the German torpedoing of the British passenger liner Lusitania in May 1915. A public indignation meeting created the Committee and gave it a broad mandate to ferret out suspect enemy aliens. The European polity of Pietermaritzburg was essentially British; there were relatively few Germans, so the Committee worked quickly. It discovered no disloyalty, but it did discover much intimidation by so-called patriots, which it condemned. It is easy to see its work as an anti-German witch-hunt, but it also served as safety valve for passions inflamed by the Lusitania atrocity.
Various directions in regional history
Authors: Riukulehto Sulevi
Published: August 2023

History and geography are sister sciences, though their connection is not always close. Over the last twenty years, the regional-history point of view has begun to command a place in research reports, projects, history books, conferences and other scientific outputs. Thus far, the concept is still unestablished. The new regionally oriented directions in historiography are so recent that a generally recognized orthodoxy has yet to be adopted. The various elements from localism to globalization can still be seen. What is a region? There are competing views concerning the definition and criteria. In this article, the various meanings of the concept are made more visible by studying the recent discourse of regional history. At least five main meanings can be differentiated in research literature.The regional-history discourses have different origins and they have developed independently, yet they also have much in common: National states do not have any special role in research work. Regions are interpreted as being evolutionary processes. Time and space (history and region) are connected in research questions. Borders, the roles of minorities and otherness are popular subjects of research. In a global world we have a need for this kind of vision of history, a regional history that exceeds the national level of historiography, studying regions that are not necessarily nations or its administrative subdivisions.
Storm over the Transvaal
Authors: Hall Arthur
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
Kaiser Wilhelm II’s genocide: The Herero’s versus the General and the settlers
Authors: Pitso Pule
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
Editorial Vol 75 (2016)
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
Contributions by Reverend Johannes Jacobus Ulster to the development of the Moravian Mission Station, Elim, 1965-1974
Authors: Van Breda Maynard J.
Published: August 2023

The Reverend Johannes Jacobus Ulster (1922-2012) was called by the provincial board of the Moravian Church in South Africa to serve the mission station Elim from the start of January 1965 as its first indigenous minister of religion and “Voorstaander” or mayor. This was his maiden appointment as an executive head of a congregation in his church. The period that immediately preceded Ulster’s term of service in Elim was characterised by increasing conflict and tension between his predecessors and members of the local community over various management, social and educational matters. These states of affairs threatened the stability of the mission settlement to large extent. Within the context of the local mission community as well as the broader Moravian Church, this article, which is a historic literature review, attempts to illuminate the significant transformation introduced by Ulster in the management and leadership approach of Elim. It considers his meaningful contributions in ameliorating the quality of the spiritual lives of the local congregation in line with the worldwide motto of the Moravian Mission: “Our Lamb has conquered, let us follow Him”. Furthermore, the article explores Ulster’s contribution in promoting the social wellbeing of the local community through initiating the establishment of sustainable secular, socio-cultural and various community development projects locally as well as in the surrounding district. The article concludes that Reverend Ulster made an immense contribution to the stabilisation of the spiritual welfare and socio-educational infrastructure of the community. This continues to be valued as a ‘golden period’ in the rich history of the rural mission settlement.
Section 139 interventions in South African local government, 1994-2015
Authors: Greffrath Wynand , Van der Waldt Gerrit
Published: August 2023

Recent trends point to the fact that national and provincial government interventions in the local sphere of government in South Africa have become more commonplace. These trends can be seen, within the broader context of state dysfunction, to constitute a novel and discernible phenomenon, namely “interventionism”. Furthermore, the theoretical body of knowledge related to the phenomenon of state dysfunction suggests that issues of poor service delivery and “bad” governance are not exclusively at play in interventionism. Political factors that are indicative of state dysfunction may also serve as more covert reasons to intervene in municipalities in order to influence the balance of political power in a given province, municipality, or within a party itself.The purpose of this article is to analyse past interventions, premised upon Section 139 of the Constitution in local government, during the period 1994 to 2015. The intention is to explore both the trends (i.e. frequency analysis) and nature of such interventions (i.e. qualitative analysis through case studies and contemporary sources) and to make certain deductions regarding interventionism within the context of state dysfunction in South African local government. Factors are identified that suggest that electoral, factionalist and political motives may rival and surpass constitutional and governance reasons for implementing such interventions.
The challenges of an engagement between the African Union and the UN Security Council
Authors: Da Silva Marina M.B.L.
Published: August 2023

Since the 1960s and during the initial decades of the United Nations (UN) Africa has always had great representation inside the General Assembly. Besides the numerical advantage of Africa, the ties between the continent and the UN grew to be very specific and assumed multidimensional aspects due to the various issues related to the constant conflicts and social crises inside African territories. However, this engagement presents several complex aspects, including international, regional, and local issues. The engagement of Africa with the UN Security Council is based on two main pillars: conflict resolution and the claim of representation in a reformed Council. The problems related to these pillars are summarized in three broad categories considered problematic for this interaction: capacity, regional integration, and the political relation between the African Union (AU) Peace and Security Council and the UN Security Council. The colonial background of the African continent left deep scars for its countries. Currently, Africa is the continent with the second biggest economic inequality in the world, besides the fact that its countries are hardly able to mobilize their forces to control domestic issues. Therefore, the capacity for collaboration and cooperation with UN forces is much reduced. At the same time, the continent was never united completely under a consensus and real integration, despite the existence of the AU – the former Organization of African Unity (OAU). African countries have been divided between two opposites: the need for integration and the defence of sovereignty. This division harmed even the African claims for fair representation inside the UNSC. This work intends to develop a discussion on how these problems must be overcome for successful engagement between the African continent and the UN Security Council.
Imperiale somer/Suid-Afrika tussen oorlog en Unie, 1902-1910
Authors: Naudè Yolandi
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
Slavery and slaving in African history
Authors: Southey Nicholas
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
Die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk en die Republiek van die Oranje-Vrystaat: Hooflyne van ’n kerk-staatverhouding, 1854-1902
Authors: Strauss Piet
Published: August 2023

A close relationship existed between the Dutch Reformed Church in the Orange Free State and the Republic of the Orange Free State during the existence of the latter in 1854-1902. This was due to a shared worldview and the fact that more than 80% of the voters of the Republic were members of a Dutch Reformed congregation. It has been said that the Dutch Reformed Church in the Free State was a state-church. Although it benefited in the circumstances, the Dutch Reformed Church remained independent and undominated by the government. An own approach could be seen in the thinking, resolutions and actions of the Dutch Reformed Synod in the Free State. Close ties between this church and state were visible in their formal and informal contact. The government supported the Dutch Reformed Church in the Free State spiritually and financially and the latter influenced the policies and actions of the Free State Government. Both institutions held great respect for each other.
Schooling in the early Orange Free State: Inception to Union, 1836 to 1910
Authors: Le Roux Cheryl S.
Published: August 2023

Schooling is generally affected by prevailing social, political and ideological trends. In this article, the provision of schooling for European children, mainly of Dutch Voortrekker descent, is examined through the years of settlement in the mid-1830s to the time of South Africa becoming a Union in 1910. This era spans four distinctive political periods, namely, the Voortrekker period and the Orange River Sovereignty under British rule (1836-1854), the independent Orange Free State Republic (1854-1900), the period of the Anglo-Boer War (also referred to as the South African War) when the region was under British Military and Crown rule (1899-1902), and the Orange River Colony under responsible government (1902-1910). The article traces the role played by the community and parents, the church and the state interchangeably or conjointly in the schooling of the youth, as well as the place of language and religion in education. It is deduced that the complex social, political, ideological and economic factors associated with the provisioning of schooling and the pivotal issues of language, religion and funding remain prime issues in multilingual and multicultural contexts. It is concluded that these issues that the Orange Free State schooling system contended with were but precursors to that which followed many years later in modern South African society, where education is currently in turmoil due to factors such as the language of instruction, cultural legacies and inequalities and funding issues.
13 May 1915: Bloemfontein’s night of broken glass
Authors: Du Bruyn Derek , Wessels André
Published: August 2023

Less than a year after the outbreak of the Great (First World) War, the sinking of the passenger ship, RMS Lusitania on 7 May 1915 by a German submarine off the coast of Ireland and the death of 1 198 of its passengers and crew, including at least 128 from the then still neutral United States of America, led to much condemnation. In many Allied countries there also followed anti-German protests and riots, including in the Union of South Africa. On 13 May 1915, anti-German riots and the concomitant torching of German businesses took place even in Bloemfontein, where for many decades, people of various cultural groups had lived together in harmony. In this article the reasons for and consequences of the riots in Bloemfontein are analysed. Emphasis will, in particular, be placed on the way in which the local newspapers portrayed the events.
Bloemfontein (1848-2015), mapping eight moments in time: Measuring and appreciating that which is nearest
Authors: Auret Hendrik
Published: August 2023

Maps represent more than physical reality. More significantly, they beckon that which is nearest; the life-care-place totality in which lived space is best understood as place, and lived time is best understood as care. This essay presents eight maps of Bloemfontein which synthesise a range of historical depictions; on the same scale and placed in the geographical and ecological context. The result is a series that traces the historical development of Bloemfontein from 1848 to 2015. However, the aim of composing these maps is not limited to the act of mapping. By drawing on Martin Heidegger’s ontological concept of care, or Sorge, it is proposed that these maps illuminate the difference between ‘history’ and ‘historicity’. Care draws life and place into contiguity. More than an act of measuring, these maps tell the story of our appreciation of places as regions of concern.