bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Downregulation of hsa-miR-132 and hsa-miR-129: non-coding RNA molecular signatures of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Nagaraj Siranjeevi , Quintanilla-Sánchez Carolina , Ando Kunie , Lopez-Gutierrez Lidia , Doeraene Emilie , Kosa Andreea-Claudia , Aydin Emmanuel , Brion Jean-Pierre , Leroy Karelle
Published: June 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects the elderly population by causing memory impairments, cognitive and behavioral abnormalities. Currently, no curative treatments exist, emphasizing the need to explore therapeutic options that modify the progression of the disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as non-coding RNAs, demonstrate multifaceted targeting potential and are known to be dysregulated in AD pathology. This mini review focuses on two promising miRNAs, hsa-miR-132 and hsa-miR-129, which consistently exhibit differential regulation in AD. By employing computational predictions and referencing published RNA sequencing dataset, we elucidate the intricate miRNA-mRNA target relationships associated with hsa-miR-132 and hsa-miR-129. Our review consistently identifies the downregulation of hsa-miR-132 and hsa-miR-129 in AD brains as a non-coding RNA molecular signature across studies conducted over the past 15 years in AD research.
Salvage CD20-SD-CART therapy in aggressive B-cell lymphoma after CD19 CART treatment failure
Authors: Xue Fei , Zheng Peihao , Yang Fan , Liu Rui , Feng Shaomei , Guo Yuelu , Shi Hui , Ma Lixia , Deng Biping , Xu Teng , Zhang Jiecheng , Zhou Qi , Ke Xiaoyan , Hu Kai
Published: June 2024

Background and aims

Patients with relapsed/refractory aggressive B-cell lymphoma(r/r aBCL)who progressed after CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CD19CART) had a poor prognosis. Application of CAR T-cells targeting a second different antigen (CD20) expressed on the surface of B-cell lymphoma as subsequent anti-cancer salvage therapy (CD20-SD-CART) is also an option. This study aimed to evaluate the survival outcome of CD20-SD-CART as a salvage therapy for CD19 CART treatment failure.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study enrolled patients with aBCL after the failure of CD19 CART treatment at Beijing Gobroad Boren Hospital from December 2019 to May 2022. Patients were subsequently treated with CD20CART therapy or non-CART therapy (polatuzumab or non-polatuzumab).

Results

A total of 93 patients were included in the study, with 54 patients receiving CD20-SD-CART therapy. After a median follow-up of 18.54 months, the CD20-SD-CART group demonstrated significantly longer median progression-free survival (4.04 months vs. 2.27 months, p=0.0032) and median overall survival (8.15 months vs. 3.02 months, p<0.0001) compared to the non-CART group. The complete response rate in the CD20-SD-CART group (15/54, 27.8%) was also significantly higher than the non-CART group (3/38, 7.9%, p=0.03). Multivariate analysis further confirmed that CD20CART treatment was independently associated with improved overall survival (HR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.16–0.51; p<0.0001) and progression-free survival (HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.27–0.8; p=0.005).

Conclusion

CD20-SD-CART could serve as an effective therapeutic option for patients with relapsed or refractory aggressive B-cell lymphoma after CD19CART treatment failure.
Tumor budding - a potential biomarker in low grade salivary gland carcinomas?
Authors: Burkhardt Valentin , Kayser Gian , Villing Theo , Becker Christoph
Published: June 2024

Background

Low-grade salivary gland carcinoma is regularly treated with surgical therapy of the salivary gland without elective neck dissection in T1/2 carcinomas, either alone or with adjuvant radiation therapy. However, occult metastasis and locoregional recurrence influence therapy and outcome. Tumor budding is an emerging prognostic pathological factor in many carcinomas, but has not yet been adequately considered in salivary gland carcinomas.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective single-center study of 64 patients diagnosed with low-grade carcinoma of the major salivary glands treated between 2003 and 2017. Pathological risk factors and TNM classification were thoroughly assessed for each case. All hematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained histological specimens underwent careful examination, and tumor budding was identified following the guidelines set forth by the International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference in 2016.

Results

Tumor budding was not statistically significant concerning 5-year survival rate (5-YSR) (p=0.969) and mean overall survival (log-rank p=0.315). Whereas 5-year disease-free survival rate (5-YDFSR) was 87% in the low tumor budding group and 61.1% in the intermediate and high tumor budding group (p=0.021). Mean disease-free survival accounted for 100.2 months (CI: 88.6;111.9) in the low budding score group and 58.7 months (CI: 42.8;74.6) in the other group (log-rank p=0.032). Notably, pT1/2 showed significantly lower tumor buds than pT3/4 stages (2.43 tumor buds/0.785 mm2 vs. 4.19 tumor buds/0.785 mm2, p=0.034). Similar findings were noted comparing nodal-positive and nodal-negative patients, as well as patients with and without lymphovascular invasion and perineural invasion (each p<0.05).

Conclusions

Tumor budding might be used as an additional prognostic factor for recurrence in low-grade salivary gland carcinoma, seemingly associated with a higher nodal metastasis rate and advanced tumor stages and a worse 5-YDFSR. Consequently, the evaluation of tumor budding in resection specimens of low-grade salivary gland tumor may prove valuable in decision-making for neck dissection and follow-up strategy.
DWARF27 and CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 7 genes regulate release, germination and growth of gemma in Marchantia polymorpha
Authors: Jibran Rubina , Tahir Jibran , Andre Christelle M. , Janssen Bart J. , Drummond Revel S. M. , Albert Nick W. , Zhou Yanfei , Davies Kevin M. , Snowden Kimberley C.
Published: June 2024

Strigolactones (SLs), a class of carotenoid-derived hormones, play a crucial role in flowering plants by regulating underground communication with symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) and controlling shoot and root architecture. While the functions of core SL genes have been characterized in many plants, their roles in non-tracheophyte plants like liverworts require further investigation. In this study, we employed the model liverwort species Marchantia polymorpha, which lacks detectable SL production and orthologs of key SL biosynthetic genes, including CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 8 (CCD8) and MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 1 (MAX1). However, it retains some SL pathway components, including DWARF27 (D27) and CCD7. To help elucidate the function of these remaining components in M. polymorpha, knockout mutants were generated for MpD27–1, MpD27–2 and MpCCD7. Phenotypic comparisons of these mutants with the wild-type control revealed a novel role for these genes in regulating the release of gemmae from the gemma cup and the germination and growth of gemmae in the dark. Mpd27–1, Mpd27–2, and Mpccd7 mutants showed lower transcript abundance of genes involved in photosynthesis, such as EARLY LIGHT INDUCED (ELI), and stress responses such as LATE EMBRYOGENESIS ABUNDANT (LEA) but exhibited higher transcript levels of ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTORS (ERFs) and SL and carotenoid related genes, such as TERPENE SYNTHASE (TS), CCD7 and LECITHIN-RETINAL ACYL TRANSFERASE (LRAT). Furthermore, the mutants of M. polymorpha in the SL pathway exhibited increased contents of carotenoid. This unveils a previously unrecognized role for MpD27–1, MpD27–2 and MpCCD7 in controlling release, germination, and growth of gemmae in response to varying light conditions. These discoveries enhance our comprehension of the regulatory functions of SL biosynthesis genes in non-flowering plants.
Researching into Chinese university students’ mental health in the post-pandemic era – problems and causes
Authors: Ning Xuan , Luo Xiaoyu , Guo Sijia
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Mental health challenges have still been widely pervasive among Chinese university students after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. This article aims to explore mental health challenges encountered by Chinese university students in the post-pandemic era and explain causes to these challenges using a qualitative approach.

Methods

We conducted six focus group interviews with university students in Zhuhai, China, and altogether 61 students including 43 female students, and 18 male students participated in the study.

Results

Our results indicate that sleep difficulties, anxiety, and stress are the three primary mental health challenges experienced by students. Academic pressure, social influence including peer pressure and pursuit of social acceptance, and pandemic related policies and measures are the causes to the above mental health challenges.

Discussion

The results of this study will inform the development of mental health promotion, intervention, and education activities for university students to bolster their resilience and cope with mental health problems in the post-pandemic era. Meanwhile, our results could illuminate the services stakeholders provide to university students in the future.
Comparison of Static Stretching and Muscle Energy Techniques on Hamstring Tightness in Asymptomatic Females
Authors: Majeed Ayesha , Mansoor Syeda Rafia , Arif Ahmad Bilal , Yasin Muhammad Mudassar , Wasim Minahil , Naeem Farah
Published: June 2024

Background: Hamstring flexibility is an essential variable because decreased extensibility can cause injuries, non-specific low back pain and altered lumbopelvic rhythm. Flexibility training is an important component in preventing or rehabilitation of injuries and also a method of improving one’s performance in everyday activities and sports. 
Objectives: To compare the effects of static stretching & muscle energy techniques on hamstring shortness in females.
Methods: A randomized controlled trial conducted at Department of Health Sciences, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan on 50 asymptomatic females. In this study, 50 females were randomly allocated in two groups strictly following the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Group A received hamstring static stretching, while group B muscle energy techniques (Autogenic inhibition). Informed written consent was taken from each participant. 90-90 test, SLR, Sit and reach test were used as outcome measurement tools of hamstring tightness. 6 sessions in 2 weeks were given to each participant. Baseline as well as follow-up data after 2 consecutive weeks was recorded.
Results: Mean age of participants of Groups A & B were 26±1.2, 26±0.9 years respectively. Group B participants showed marked improvement at 90-90 test, SLR, Sit and reach outcome measurement tools compared to group A as p-value was found less than 0.05 which is considered significant.
Conclusion: Muscle energy techniques particularly autogenic inhibition have better treatment outcome as compared to hamstring static stretching alone in asymptomatic females with hamstring shortness.
Comparison of post isometric relaxation and post facilitation stretching techniques on hamstring muscle flexibility in collegiate athletes: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ahmad Hafiz Zohaib , Rehman Abdul , Aslam Nida , Hassan Muhammad , Khalid Muhammad Usman , Sajjad Muhammad Ahmed
Published: June 2024

Background: The multi-jointed nature of the hamstring muscles causes them to shorten which impacts the biomechanics of the pelvis and lumber region. Hamstring tightness is more common in women than in males.
Objective: To compare the effect of post-isometric relaxation and post-facilitation stretching in improving hamstring muscle flexibility among collegiate athlete's athlete.
Methods: Study was a randomized clinical trial. Patients following the inclusion criteria from Pakistan Sports Board, Lahore were categorized in two groups; group A and group B. Male patients aged from 18 to 35 years, with a history of hamstring muscle tightness (bilateral) or acute hamstring injuries were included. Group A was treated with post isometric relaxation and conventional treatment while group B received post facilitation stretching and conventional treatment; for 4 weeks and with 3 sessions per week. The baselines data was taken for range of motion, sit and reach test, active knee extension test, and straight leg raise and lower extremity functional scale.
Results: There were a total of 17 male volunteers in each group. Group A's mean age was 28.58±3.9, years whereas group B's mean age was 29.25±4.4 The groups' respective Lower Limb Functional Scores (LEFS) were 58.41±4.84 in group A and 40.52±2.85 in group B, with a p-value of less than 0.05. Lower limb functional score (LEFS) within the groups with p <0.05 was 22.17±8.63 and 40.52±2.85.
Conclusion: The current investigation found that post-isometric relaxing and stretching both improve hamstring flexibility.
Clinical Trial Number: NCT05727501
The Impact of Water-Saving Irrigation on Rice Growth and Comprehensive Evaluation of Irrigation Strategies
Authors: Gao Chen , Lin Meiwei , He Liang , Tang Minrui , Ma Jianing , Sun Weihong
Published: June 2024

To explore the effects of different water-saving treatments on rice plant growth and select suitable water-saving irrigation strategies for aerobic rice varieties, we conducted relevant field experiments from June to October 2023 at Jiangsu Runguo Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., China, which is located in a north subtropical monsoon climate where the soil is alkaline sandy loam. Four water treatments were set up, including the control of local conventional irrigation (CK, without water stress), mild water-saving treatment (W1, 20% more water saved than CK), moderate water-saving treatment (W2, 30% more water saved than CK), and severe water-saving treatment (W3, 40% more water saved than CK). The experiment results showed that rice plant heights were inhibited and leaf chlorophyll contents increased under all water-saving treatments compared to CK. Among them, the MDA content in paddy leaves under the W1 treatment decreased, while the activities of SOD and POD were enhanced and the membrane lipid peroxidation capacity of rice was also enhanced. Meanwhile, the results showed that the rice yield and quality under the W1 treatment significantly improved. Based on those experiments, a comprehensive evaluation of rice plant height, chlorophyll content, grain yield, yield components, and rice quality was conducted using the TOPSIS entropy weight method. It was preliminarily concluded that the suitable irrigation scheme for south and central Jiangsu was 20% water-saving irrigation compared with CK. In summary, under the premise of maintaining the economic yield of rice cultivation, an appropriate water irrigation plan helped save water resources and promote rice growth.
Transcriptomic Change in the Effects of Dichloroquinolinic Acid on the Development and Growth of Nicotiana tabacum
Authors: Li Bingjie , Ding Anming , Wang Weifeng , Cui Mengmeng , Sun Yuhe , Lv Jing , Dai Changbo
Published: June 2024

Dichloroquinolinic acid is a hormone-type herbicide widely used to control barnyard grass during crop cultivation. However, it can seriously inhibit the growth of susceptible crops, including tobacco, because it degrades slowly under field conditions. Additionally, the mechanism by which it damages crops is unclear. More specifically, the transcriptional changes in plants induced by dichloroquinolinic acid remain unknown. In this study, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in tobacco treated with dichloroquinolinic acid (varying concentrations and durations) were analyzed and validated to explore the global transcriptome changes. The number of DEGs, which were determined according to the FPKM, varied from 758 to 21,340. The KEGG analysis revealed that many DEGs were involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, photosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, and glutathione metabolism. Transcriptomic analyses indicated that dichloroquinolinic acid can inhibit tobacco growth by inhibiting photosynthesis and storage of energy. We discovered that the toxicity mechanism of the hormone herbicide dichloroquinolinic acid differs from that of high concentrations of IAA (Indoleacetic acid), despite studies confirming that the effects of hormone herbicides are consistent with the physiological disturbances and growth inhibition exhibited by plants in IAA overdose. Particularly, dichloroquinolinic acid suppresses photosynthesis while high concentration IAA stimulates nucleotide synthesis and photosynthesis. More importantly, we found by editing the IAA-responsive gene IAA16, tobacco could develop resistance to dichloroquinolinic acid. The results will help clarify plant responses to hormone-type herbicides at the transcriptional level, thereby providing insights into the diversity in the gene’s response to herbicides, the molecular targets of hormone-type herbicides, and the mechanism underlying the susceptibility of tobacco to dichloroquinolinic acid. Accordingly, this study may be helpful for future research to enhance crop resistance to herbicides residues.
Exploring the Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization Management and Soil Factors on the Yield and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco in China—A Quantitative Research
Authors: Huan Weiwei , Irfan Muhammad , Yokamo Solomon , Lu Hailong , Lu Dianjun , Chen Xiaoqin , Wang Huoyan , Zhou Jianmin
Published: June 2024

Tobacco, a pivotal economic crop in China, faces the challenge of securing high-quality raw materials for its industry due to unbalanced and inefficient nitrogen (N) application. To assess the impact of fertilizer management and soil factors on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco (FCT), a meta-analysis was conducted across 82 peer-reviewed research studies. The findings demonstrated that both fertilizer management and soil properties exerted a significantly greater influence on yield (63.13% and 62.05%, respectively) than the proportion of superior and medium tobacco (PSMT) (23.57% and 23.83%, respectively). Multiple models were conducted to analyze the N application rate for maximum yield and PSMT, respectively, resulting in an optimum range from 90 to 100 kg N ha−1. The highest yield and PSMT increments were observed with fertilizer timing (FT) applied twice, a basal fertilizer ratio (BFR) exceeding 50%, and a soil pH below 6.5. The nicotine content escalated with increasing N application rates (NR) and soil nitrogen content, peaking at NR over 120 kg N ha−1 and soil total nitrogen (TN) above 2 g kg−1. Stepwise regression modeling indicated that nicotine content was positively influenced by fertilizer management factors (including NR, fertilizer timing, and BFR), as well as initial soil nitrogen content (AN and TN). However, it was negatively correlated with available potassium (AK). Therefore, the results of this meta-analysis suggest that effective fertilizer management, slightly acidic soils enriched with AK, and lower N supply capacity are crucial for enhancing leaf quality while reducing nicotine content. This approach promises improved economic and environmental returns for the tobacco industry in China.
Prediction of Histological Grade of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using Machine Learning Models Applied to 18F-FDG-PET Radiomics
Authors: Nikkuni Yutaka , Nishiyama Hideyoshi , Hayashi Takafumi
Published: June 2024

The histological grade of oral squamous cell carcinoma affects the prognosis. In the present study, we performed a radiomics analysis to extract features from 18F-FDG PET image data, created machine learning models from the features, and verified the accuracy of the prediction of the histological grade of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The subjects were 191 patients in whom an 18F-FDG-PET examination was performed preoperatively and a histopathological grade was confirmed after surgery, and their tumor sizes were sufficient for a radiomics analysis. These patients were split in a 70%/30% ratio for use as training data and testing data, respectively. We extracted 2993 radiomics features from the PET images of each patient. Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Naïve Bayes (NB), and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) machine learning models were created. The areas under the curve obtained from receiver operating characteristic curves for the prediction of the histological grade of oral squamous cell carcinoma were 0.72, 0.71, 0.84, 0.74, and 0.73 for LR, SVM, RF, NB, and KNN, respectively. We confirmed that a PET radiomics analysis is useful for the preoperative prediction of the histological grade of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
MeNPs-PEDOT Composite-Based Detection Platforms for Epinephrine and Quercetin
Authors: Leau Sorina Alexandra , Marin Mariana , Toader Ana Maria , Anastasescu Mihai , Matei Cristian , Lete Cecilia , Lupu Stelian
Published: June 2024

The development of low-cost, sensitive, and simple analytical tools for biomolecule detection in health status monitoring is nowadays a growing research topic. Sensing platforms integrating nanocomposite materials as recognition elements in the monitoring of various biomolecules and biomarkers are addressing this challenging objective. Herein, we have developed electrochemical sensing platforms by means of a novel fabrication procedure for biomolecule detection. The platforms are based on commercially available low-cost conductive substrates like glassy carbon and/or screen-printed carbon electrodes selectively functionalized with nanocomposite materials composed of Ag and Au metallic nanoparticles and an organic polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). The novel fabrication method made use of alternating currents with controlled amplitude and frequency. The frequency of the applied alternating current was 100 mHz for the polymer deposition, while a frequency value of 50 mHz was used for the in situ electrodeposition of Ag and Au nanoparticles. The selected frequency values ensured the successful preparation of the composite materials. The use of readily available composite materials is intended to produce cost-effective analytical tools. The judicious modification of the organic conductive matrix by various metallic nanoparticles, such as Ag and Au, extends the potential applications of the sensing platform toward a range of biomolecules like quercetin and epinephrine, chosen as benchmark analytes for proof-of-concept antioxidant and neurotransmitter detection. The sensing platforms were tested successfully for quercetin and epinephrine determination on synthetic and real samples. Wide linear response ranges and low limit-of-detection values were obtained for epinephrine and quercetin detection.
Hybrid Data Augmentation for Enhanced Crack Detection in Building Construction
Authors: Choi Seung-Mo , Cha Hee-Sung , Jiang Shaohua
Published: June 2024

Quality management in construction projects necessitates early defect detection, traditionally conducted manually by supervisors, resulting in inefficiencies and human errors. Addressing this challenge, research has delved into automating defect detection using computer vision technology, yet progress has been impeded by data limitations. Numerous studies have explored generating virtual images to tackle this issue. However, these endeavors have fallen short in providing image data adaptable to detecting defects amidst evolving on-site construction conditions. This study aims to surmount this obstacle by constructing a hybrid dataset that amalgamates virtual image data with real-world data, thereby enhancing the accuracy of deep learning models. Virtual images and mask images for the model are concurrently generated through a 3D virtual environment and automatic rendering algorithm. Virtual image data are built by employing a developed annotation system to automatically annotate through mask images. This method improved efficiency by automating the process from virtual image creation to annotation. Furthermore, this research has employed a hierarchical classification system in generating virtual image datasets to reflect the different types of defects that can occur. Experimental findings demonstrate that the hybrid datasets enhanced the F1-Score by 4.4%, from 0.4154 to 0.4329, compared to virtual images alone, and by 10%, from 0.4499 to 0.4990, compared to sole reliance on real image augmentation, underscoring its superiority. This investigation contributes to unmanned, automated quality inspection aligning with smart construction management, potentially bolstering productivity in the construction industry.
Enhancing Risk Management in Road Infrastructure Facing Flash Floods through Epistemological Approaches
Authors: Ariza Flores Victor Andre , de Sousa Fernanda Oliveira , Oda Sandra
Published: June 2024

This study examines the integration of epistemological principles into road infrastructure risk management, emphasizing the need for adaptive strategies in the face of inherent climate uncertainties, particularly flash floods. A systematic review of peer-reviewed articles, industry reports, and case studies from the past two decades was conducted, focusing on the application of epistemological approaches within the infrastructure sector. The research employs a mixed methods approach. Quantitatively, the risk of pavement failure is measured by analyzing the relationship between pavement serviceability rates and Intensity–Duration–Frequency (IDF) data in areas frequently affected by flash floods. For example, rainfall intensities during flood events on the BR-324 highway in Brazil were significantly higher than monthly averages, with maximum values reaching 235.73 mm for a 5 min duration over a 50-year return period. These intensities showed an increase of approximately 15% over 5 to 10 years and 8% over 50 to 75 years. Qualitatively, traditional risk management methods are combined with epistemological concepts. This integrated approach fosters reflective practice, encourages the use of both quantitative and qualitative data, promotes a dynamic management environment, and supports sustainable development goals by aligning risk management with environmental and social sustainability. This study finds that incorporating epistemological insights can lead to more fluid and continuously improving risk management practices in construction, design, and maintenance. It concludes with a call for future research to explore the integration of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence to further refine these approaches and more effectively manage complexity and uncertainty.
Derivation and Application of Analytical Coupling Loss Coefficient by Transfer Function in Soil–Building Vibration
Authors: Yao Jinbao , Wu Zhaozhi , Cao Xiaofeng , Wu Nianping , Zhang Nan
Published: June 2024

Vibrations generated by railways may undergo amplification or reduction while traversing the foundations, floors, and spans of adjacent structures. This fluctuation in the vibration intensity, identified as a building’s coupling loss, is commonly considered in vibration forecasts through the utilization of universal frequency-independent adjustment parameters. This article employs a theoretical analytical approach to investigate the propagation characteristics of Rayleigh waves in elastic foundation soil, as well as the variations at the contact surface of buildings’ foundations. Analytical expressions for the coupling loss coefficient are derived to explore the displacement transfer relationship in the soil–structure interaction. To accurately and efficiently analyze the proposed buildings and site, the entire vibration propagation system is decoupled into substructure systems for independent analytical calculations. Theoretical analytical methods are utilized to obtain the displacement transfer functions between the soil and the structures through the refraction and transmission of waves. From a theoretical perspective, a thorough understanding of the interaction between soil and buildings is achieved. The influence of various variables related to railways and foundations on the building responses is analyzed. By comparing with measured data, the correctness of the analytical form of the coupling loss coefficient is validated, filling a gap in the literature due to the lack of analytical research on displacement transfer losses in soil–structure interactions.
Comparative Assessment of miR-185-5p and miR-191-5p Expression: From Normal Endometrium to High-Grade Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Oropeza-de Lara Sergio Antonio , Garza-Veloz Idalia , Berthaud-González Bertha , Tirado-Navarro Tania Guillermina , Gurrola-Carlos Reinaldo , Bonilla-Rocha Bernardo , Delgado-Enciso Ivan , Martinez-Fierro Margarita L.
Published: June 2024

Endometrial cancer (EC) is a significant cause of cancer-related deaths in women. MicroRNAs (miRs) play a role in cancer development, acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. This study evaluated the diagnostic potential of hsa-miR-185-5p and hsa-miR-191-5p in EC and their correlation with clinical and histopathological features. A cross-sectional study analyzed formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 59 patients: 18 with EC, 21 with endometrial hyperplasia (EH), 17 with normal endometrium (NE), and 3 with endometrial polyps (EPs). Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and TaqMan probes were used for miR expression analysis. The Shapiro–Wilk test was used to analyze the normal distribution of the data. Subsequently, parametric or non-parametric tests were used to evaluate the associations between the expression levels of each miR and clinical parameters. Both miRs were underexpressed in some precursor and malignant lesions compared to certain NE subtypes and benign lesions. Specifically, hsa-miR-185-5p showed underexpression in grade 3 EC compared to some NE and EH subtypes (FC: −57.9 to −8.5, p < 0.05), and hsa-miR-191-5p was underexpressed in EH and EC compared to secretory endometrium and EPs (FC: −4.2 to −32.8, p < 0.05). SETD1B, TJP1, and MSI1 were common predicted target genes. In conclusion, hsa-miR-185-5p and hsa-miR-191-5p are underexpressed in EC tissues, correlating with histopathological grades, highlighting their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and their role as tumor suppressors in EC.
High-Resolution Imaging in Macular Telangiectasia Type 2: Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Mirescu Andrada Elena , Balta Florian , Barac Ramona , Deleanu Dan George , Tofolean Ioana Teodora , Balta George , Cojanu Razvan , Jurja Sanda
Published: June 2024

Background: Macular telangiectasia (MacTel), also known as idiopathic juxtafoveolar telangiectasis (IJFTs), involves telangiectatic changes in the macular capillary network. The most common variant, MacTel type 2, has distinct clinical features and management strategies. Methods: This study offers a comprehensive review of MacTel and focuses on a series of three patients diagnosed with MacTel type 2 in our clinic. A meticulous ophthalmological evaluation, augmented by high-resolution imaging techniques like optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography (OCT-A), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fluorescein angiography (FA), and adaptive optics (AOs) imaging, was conducted. Results: The findings revealed normal anterior segment features and a grayish discoloration in the temporal perifoveal area on fundus examination. OCT exhibited hyporeflective cavities in the inner and outer neurosensory retina, along with other changes, while OCT-A identified retinal telangiectatic vessels in the deep capillary plexus. FAF demonstrated increased foveal autofluorescence, while FA initially detected telangiectatic capillaries followed by diffuse perilesional leakage in the later phase. Adaptive optics images showed the cone mosaic pattern. Notably, one patient developed a macular hole as a complication, which was successfully managed surgically. Conclusion: This study underscores the challenges in diagnosing and managing MacTel, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and regular follow-ups for optimal outcomes.
Data Envelopment Analysis-Based Approach to Improving of the Budget Allocation System for Decarbonization Targets
Authors: Ratner Svetlana V. , Lychev Andrey V. , Krivonozhko Vladimir E.
Published: June 2024

Energy innovation plays an important role in the transition to a zero-carbon economy. Governments in IEA member countries are investing in the R&D, demonstration, and deployment of new energy technologies as part of their energy and climate policies. However, government subsidies for energy innovation are not always efficient in achieving climate policy goals. This paper proposes a two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis model with shared inputs to determine the optimal allocation of public funds for the energy innovation process. The innovation process is divided into two stages: the R&D stage and the commercialization stage. The inputs to the model (budget expenditures for energy innovations) are distributed between the first and second stages. As intermediate products, we use the number of patents in clean energy and hydrocarbon energy. The outputs of the model are the changes in carbon intensity and energy efficiency. This model can be used to assess the effectiveness of government spending on energy innovation. The results show that some IEA member countries should allocate a large part of the fossil fuel technology budget (more than 70%) to the research and development phase. The proposed model can support decision making at the international level to increase the effectiveness of public policies in achieving decarbonization and energy efficiency goals.
A Comprehensive Review of dc/ac Single-Phase Differential-Mode Inverters for Low-Power Applications
Authors: Albakri Moayad , Darwish Ahmed , Twigg Peter
Published: June 2024

Switched-mode power supplies (SMPSs) are single-switch, two-state, dc/dc power electronic converters and can be generally classified into buck, boost, and buck–boost converters according to voltage transfer functions. There are more than 33 SMPSs with different characteristics in terms of their current and voltage ripples, voltage and current stresses, and their being voltage/current sourced. Although they are usually employed in the dc/dc mode, these SMPSs can be connected differentially to operate as single- and three-phase dc/ac inverters; hence, they are used in low-power applications. The resultant inverters will behave differently according to the topologies that they are descendant from. Several publications have presented differential-mode single-phase inverters (DMSIs) for low-power applications, focusing on their suitability for renewable energy systems. These proposals have mainly focused on boost and buck–boost configurations, with less focus on the buck inverter topologies. Also, several possible configurations for other DMSIs have not yet been proposed or discussed. This paper proposes a comprehensive review of the different possible configurations of the DMSIs, illustrating a systematic method by which to generate and explore them. The paper will mainly categorize the DMSIs in terms of their voltage transfer function and will then discuss the topologies, presenting the main advantages and disadvantages of each one.
StructuredFuzzer: Fuzzing Structured Text-Based Control Logic Applications
Authors: Koffi Koffi Anderson , Kampourakis Vyron , Song Jia , Kolias Constantinos , Ivans Robert C.
Published: June 2024

Rigorous testing methods are essential for ensuring the security and reliability of industrial controller software. Fuzzing, a technique that automatically discovers software bugs, has also proven effective in finding software vulnerabilities. Unsurprisingly, fuzzing has been applied to a wide range of platforms, including programmable logic controllers (PLCs). However, current approaches, such as coverage-guided evolutionary fuzzing implemented in the popular fuzzer American Fuzzy Lop Plus Plus (AFL++), are often inadequate for finding logical errors and bugs in PLC control logic applications. They primarily target generic programming languages like C/C++, Java, and Python, and do not consider the unique characteristics and behaviors of PLCs, which are often programmed using specialized programming languages like Structured Text (ST). Furthermore, these fuzzers are ill suited to deal with complex input structures encapsulated in ST, as they are not specifically designed to generate appropriate input sequences. This renders the application of traditional fuzzing techniques less efficient on these platforms. To address this issue, this paper presents a fuzzing framework designed explicitly for PLC software to discover logic bugs in applications written in ST specified by the IEC 61131-3 standard. The proposed framework incorporates a custom-tailored PLC runtime and a fuzzer designed for the purpose. We demonstrate its effectiveness by fuzzing a collection of ST programs that were crafted for evaluation purposes. We compare the performance against a popular fuzzer, namely, AFL++. The proposed fuzzing framework demonstrated its capabilities in our experiments, successfully detecting logic bugs in the tested PLC control logic applications written in ST. On average, it was at least 83 times faster than AFL++, and in certain cases, for example, it was more than 23,000 times faster.
Unmanned Ground Vehicle Path Planning Based on Improved DRL Algorithm
Authors: Liu Lisang , Chen Jionghui , Zhang Youyuan , Chen Jiayu , Liang Jingrun , He Dongwei
Published: June 2024

Path planning and obstacle avoidance are fundamental problems in unmanned ground vehicle path planning. Aiming at the limitations of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms in unmanned ground vehicle path planning, such as low sampling rate, insufficient exploration, and unstable training, this paper proposes an improved algorithm called Dual Priority Experience and Ornstein–Uhlenbeck Soft Actor-Critic (DPEOU-SAC) based on Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU noise) and double-factor prioritized sampling experience replay (DPE) with the introduction of expert experience, which is used to help the agent achieve faster and better path planning and obstacle avoidance. Firstly, OU noise enhances the agent’s action selection quality through temporal correlation, thereby improving the agent’s detection performance in complex unknown environments. Meanwhile, the experience replay is based on double-factor preferential sampling, which has better sample continuity and sample utilization. Then, the introduced expert experience can help the agent to find the optimal path with faster training speed and avoid falling into a local optimum, thus achieving stable training. Finally, the proposed DPEOU-SAC algorithm is tested against other deep reinforcement learning algorithms in four different simulation environments. The experimental results show that the convergence speed of DPEOU-SAC is 88.99% higher than the traditional SAC algorithm, and the shortest path length of DPEOU-SAC is 27.24, which is shorter than that of SAC.
Digital Customization for Product Design and Manufacturing: A Case Study within the Furniture Industry
Authors: Manavis Athanasios , Minaoglou Prodromos , Efkolidis Nikolaos , Kyratsis Panagiotis
Published: June 2024

Computational design together with the digitization of most fabrication processes play an important role in many research areas. Digital tools such as 3D modeling and computational design have been increasingly used. Computational design combines traditional 3D product design together with programming a general-purpose CAD system in order to promote system integration. In essence, using CAD-based textual or visual programming languages a series of products can be designed with accuracy and take advantage of product customization and automation of downstream applications. The present paper aims at customizing furniture design based on automating both the design and the fabrication procedures. The customer is able to define a series of geometrical characteristics, i.e., width, length, internal dimensions, and various other properties. The outcome consists of automating a great deal of processes, i.e., 3D modeling and assembling, visualization, creating the bill of materials (BOM), producing assembly instructions for the user, drawings and prototyping files, weight estimation.
Antioxidant Capacity, Phytochemicals, Minerals, and Chemical Pollutants in Worker Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L.) Broods from Northern Thailand: A Safe and Sustainable Food Source
Authors: Tongchai Phannika , Yadoung Sumed , Sutan Kunrunya , Kawichai Saweang , Danmek Khanchai , Maitip Jakkrawut , Ghosh Sampat , Jung Chuleui , Chuttong Bajaree , Hongsibsong Surat
Published: June 2024

Honey bee brood (HBB) (Apis mellifera L.), a traditional protein source, has been studied for its nutritional value, but bio-functional properties and safety concerns have not been verified. This study examined the Antioxidant capacity, phytochemicals, minerals, and chemical pollutants in worker broods from several apiaries in Northern Thailand. HBB samples were lyophilized to evaluate antioxidant capacity using ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays, tests with water, and 70% ethanol extracts. Phytochemicals were identified using LC-QTOF-MS; pollutants were analyzed chromatographically, and minerals were determined using ICP-OES. The results showed that the evaluated antioxidant capacity of the ethanol extracts included DPPH 2.04–3.37 mg/mL, ABTS 21.22–33.91 mg/mL, and FRAP 50.07–104.15 mg AAE/100 g dry weight. Water extracts had outstanding antioxidant activities except for ABTS, with DPPH 10.67–84.97 mg/mL, ABTS 9.25–13.54 mg/mL, and FRAP 57.66–177.32 mgAAE/100 g dry weight. Total phenolics and flavonoids in ethanol extracts ranged from 488.95–508.87 GAE/100 g to 4.7–12.98 mg QE/g dry weight, respectively. Thirteen phytochemicals were detected and contained adequate mineral contents in the HBBs from different locations found, which were K, Ca, Mg, and Na, and no heavy metals or pollutants exceeded safe levels. These results imply that HBB from different apiaries in Northern Thailand is a nutritious food source with considerable antioxidants and a safe and sustainable food source.
Tapping into Nature’s Arsenal: Harnessing the Potential of Natural Antioxidants for Human Health and Disease Prevention
Authors: Pinilla-González Víctor , Rojas-Solé Catalina , Gómez-Hevia Francisca , González-Fernández Tommy , Cereceda-Cornejo Antonia , Chichiarelli Silvia , Saso Luciano , Rodrigo Ramón
Published: June 2024

Numerous natural antioxidants commonly found in our daily diet have demonstrated significant benefits for human health and various diseases by counteracting the impact of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Their chemical properties enable a range of biological actions, including antihypertensive, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and anticancer effects. Despite promising outcomes from preclinical studies, ongoing debate persists regarding their reproducibility in human clinical models. This controversy largely stems from a lack of understanding of the pharmacokinetic properties of these compounds, coupled with the predominant focus on monotherapies in research, neglecting potential synergistic effects arising from combining different antioxidants. This study aims to provide an updated overview of natural antioxidants, operating under the hypothesis that a multitherapeutic approach surpasses monotherapy in efficacy. Additionally, this study underscores the importance of integrating these antioxidants into the daily diet, as they have the potential to prevent the onset and progression of various diseases. To reinforce this perspective, clinical findings pertaining to the treatment and prevention of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and conditions associated with ischemia and reperfusion phenomena, including myocardial infarction, postoperative atrial fibrillation, and stroke, are presented as key references.
Characterization of Nano- and Microstructures of Native Potato Starch as Affected by Physical, Chemical, and Biological Treatments
Authors: Mojo-Quisani Antonieta , Licona-Pacco Katiuska , Choque-Quispe David , Calla-Florez Miriam , Ligarda-Samanez Carlos A. , Pumacahua-Ramos Augusto , Huamaní-Meléndez Víctor J.
Published: June 2024

Modifying starch allows for improvements in its properties to enable improved uses in food matrices, bioplastics, and encapsulating agents. In this research, four varieties of native potato starch were modified by acid treatment, enzymatic treatment, and ethanol precipitation, and their physicochemical, structural, thermal, and techno-functional characteristics were analyzed. According to FT-IR analysis, no influence of the modified starches on the chemical groups was observed, and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), spherical and oval shapes were observed in the acid and enzymatic treatments, with particle sizes between 27 and 36 μm. In particular, the ethanolic precipitation treatment yielded a different morphology with a particle size between 10.9 and 476.3 nm, resulting in a significant decrease in gelatinization temperature (DSC) and more pronounced crystallites (XRD). On the other hand, the enzymatic treatment showed higher values for z-potential (ζ), and the acid treatment showed lower mass loss (TGA). Acid and ethanolic treatments affected the dough properties compared to native starches. The techno-functional properties showed a decrease in the water absorption index, an increase in the water solubility index, and varied swelling power behaviors. In conclusion, the modification of potato starches through acid, enzymatic, and ethanolic precipitation treatments alters their physicochemical properties, such as swelling capacity, viscosity, and thermal stability. This in turn affects their molecular structure, modifying morphology and the ability to form gels, which expands their applications in the food industry to improve textures, stabilize emulsions, and thicken products. Furthermore, these modifications also open new opportunities for the development of bioplastics by improving the biodegradability and mechanical properties of starch-based plastic materials.
Exploring the Influence of Soil Types on the Mineral Profile of Honey: Implications for Geographical Origin Prediction
Authors: Schmidlová Simona , Javůrková Zdeňka , Tremlová Bohuslava , Hernik Józef , Prus Barbara , Marcinčák Slavomír , Marcinčáková Dana , Štarha Pavel , Čížková Helena , Kružík Vojtěch , Bodor Zsanett , Benedek Csilla , Titěra Dalibor , Boržíková Jana , Pospiech Matej
Published: June 2024

Honey contains a wide range of inorganic substances. Their content can be influenced, i.e., by the type of soil on which the bee pasture is located. As part of this study, the mineral profile of 32 samples of honey from hobby beekeepers from the Czech Republic wasevaluated and then compared with soil types in the vicinity of the beehive location. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to express the relationship between mineral substances and soil type. There was a high correlation between antroposol and Zn (R = 0.98), Pb (R = 0.96), then between ranker and Mn (0.95), then regosol and Al (R = 0.97) (p < 0.05). A high negative correlation was found between regosol and Mg (R = −0.97), Cr (R = −0.98) and between redzinas and Al (R = −0.97) (p < 0.05). Both positive and negative high correlations were confirmed for phaeozem. The CART method subsequently proved that the characteristic elements for individual soil types are B, Ca, Mg, Ni, and Mn. The soil types of cambisol, fluvisol, gleysol, anthrosol, and kastanozem had the closest relationship with the elements mentioned, and it can therefore be assumed that their occurrence indicates the presence of these soil types within the range of beehive location.