bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contra el Dengue y la diarrea
Authors: Matíz María Inés
Published: July 2021

Desde hace más de ocho años, el Instituto de Salud y Ambiente de la Universidad El Bosque viene desarrollando proyectos de saneamiento ambiental con comunidades rurales del departamento de Cundinamarca. En esta oportunidad la profesora María Inés Matiz, su directora, le habla a la Revista Hojas de El Bosque acerca de su trayectoria en el Instituto y del proyecto “Plataforma en salud”, que se propuso disminuir la incidencia de la diarrea y el dengue en las comunidades rurales de los municipios de La Mesa y Anapoima.
En defensa de las humanidades
Authors: Zuluaga Hoyos Gustavo
Published: July 2021

Editorial
Y tú, ¿de qué te ríes?
Authors: García Ruiz Carlos
Published: July 2021

La risa, más allá de ser una expresión de alegría, de bienestar, es unaestrategia contra la adversidad. La comedia, como apuesta estética,ha indagado acerca de la vida desde el humor para ponerla a prueba—de consciencia—. Pensarla de modo más cercano, “como fenómenopuramente humano”, es más que necesario, y es la invitación que noshace el profesor Carlos García en este texto.
escritura académica:
Authors: López Jerez Mabel Paola , Orjuela-Acosta Ana María
Published: July 2021

Comunicar de manera efectiva una idea pareciera ser una competencia básica de todo aquel que accede a la educación superior. No obstante, entre los estudiantes de primeros semestres, el planteamiento, la defensa y la socialización de ideas en la comunidad académica tiende a fallar por falta de preparación y de experticia. ¿Consideramos obvio lo que no es? ¿Qué dificultades entraña la escritura académica?
“Hemos fracasado en el control del mosquito del zika”
Authors: Rojas María Claudia , Castellanos Jaime
Published: July 2021

Nuevas oportunidades de impacto sanitario emergen para el Instituto de Virología de la Universidad El Bosque al entregar al mundo médico-científico una reveladora prueba diagnóstica contra el nadadeseable virus del zika. Hojas de El Bosque habló con el Dr. Jaime Castellanos, experto en virología y uno de los actuales investigadores del tema.
Semilleros
Authors: Cárdenas Edna , Rivera Johanna , Ibla Francisco , Pardo Joseph , Trujillo Omar
Published: July 2021

Para entender el alcance, impacto e importancia de los semilleros de investigación de la Universidad El Bosque, es necesario escuchar las voces de sus protagonistas. Para esto, Hojas de El Bosque habló conJohanna Rivera, asesora de la Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones; Francisco Ibla, docente acompañante del semillero de biomateriales, y con Joseph Pardo, estudiante del pregrado de Bioenergía y fundador, junto con el profesor Omar Trujillo, del Semillero de Ingeniería Tisular.
ASSESSMENT OF FOOD SECURITY STATUS OF REFUGEES IN TURKEY USING FAO’S FOOD INSECURITY EXPERIENCE SCALE
Authors: Ghazal Abdulrazak , Bozoglu Mehmet
Published: July 2021

Purpose of the study: This study aims to assess the food security status among Syrian and Iraqi refugees in Samsun, Turkey. In addition, to examine the association between refugees’ profiles and food security status. Methodology: We surveyed 252 households through face-to-face and semi-structured questionnaires; these tools were used in data collection between 2019-2020. FAO’s scale, descriptive analysis, and Chi-square test were conducted to achieve the objectives of this study. Main Findings: The findings indicated that the majority of refugees households, 60% experienced food insecurity. The results indicated that 30% of Syrian and 47% of Iraqi refugees were food security. Food security was significantly influenced by several socio-demographic (7 variables) and economic variables (9 variables). Applications of this study: This paper provides implications for policymakers and refugees. The current study recommends applying specific programs that could alleviate food insecurity among refugees. The policymakers should improve the economic status of refugees' households, especially the most vulnerable. Likewise, the policies in this field should be built by understanding the factors influencing food security. Novelty/Originality of this study: The current study is considered one of the pioneering and important studies in the food security field for refugees in Turkey. No studies have been conducted to assess food security for refugees. It seems to be important to review and re-evaluate the Turkish policies associated with refugees in Turkey.
A Pre-Post Analysis of Participant Learning and Growth Using a New Outward Bound Outcomes Instrument
Authors: Bobilya Andrew , Faircloth W. Brad , Lindley Betsy , Holman Tom , McAvoy Leo
Published: July 2021

This study examined differences in participants’ perceptions of their Character Development, Leadership, and Environmental Service prior to and immediately following participation in a North Carolina Outward Bound School (NCOBS) course using the NCOBS Course Impression Survey (NCOBCIS). The three-fold purpose of this study was to confirm the a priori factor structure of the NCOBSCIS, assess true change in participants’ scores following completion of an NCOBS course, and to investigate questions that emerged in the quantitative data that could be better explained by qualitative analysis. Quantitative results indicated improvements in Character Development and Environmental Service. This study furthers our understanding of the NCOBSCIS using a true pre-post design, provides further evidence of the validity and reliability of the NCOBSCIS and its factor structure, and the qualitative inquiry enhances our understanding of the potential influence of program participation.
Fatal Accidents in Outdoor Recreation and Nature-Based Tourism in Norway: A Discourse Analysis
Authors: Horgen André
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this research is to investigate how the Norwegian outdoor-safety discourse develop between 2005 – 2015. Second, I examine the creation of meaning and understanding about risk and safety in the outdoors. The research affirms that important elements of opinion formation are discursively negotiated. The main line in the negotiations revolves around how to relate to ‘the mountain common sense line’, based on the code of conduct of ‘touring at your own risk’. The legal discourse, the energy industry safety discourse and the professional struggle draw towards less individual responsibility for own safety, and more towards institutional responsibility for people’s safety, more public regulation and more physical facilitations to reduce risk. On the other hand, lax regulatory legislation, the administrative apparatus, ‘the layman tradition’ and the friluftsliv discourse draws on individual responsibility for one’s own safety, limited institutional responsibility and public regulation, and moderate physical facilitations aimed at keeping people safe.
Authoring War Memories: War Memoir Writing and Testimonial Theatre Performances
Authors: Bellot Andrea Roxana
Published: July 2021

This paper will discuss aspects concerning authorship, memory, and war representation, as well as trauma and healing. In order to do so, I will explore the writing of war memoirs and/or the re-enactment of war experiences on the stage as two ways of expressing and coping with war trauma. In both cases, the concept of the author, a war veteran as first-person narrator or self-performer, is central to the representation of the traumatic memories of war. It is precisely through this interaction between the author, as a legitimate witness, and source of authentic and reliable information, that the readership/audience connects emotionally with the experience of the combatants and can empathise with their situation. A theoretical conceptualisation of war memoir writing, and testimonial theatre will be illustrated with specific examples of texts connected with the Falklands War (UK-Argentina, 1982). The dominant perspective of the reflection are veterans’ stories.
Negotiation and Negotiating Behaviours: The Role of Personality Variables
Authors: AWOSOLA Rasaq Kayode , Aghemelo Austin Thomas
Published: July 2021

This paper examined the concept of negotiation and types of negotiation, namely distributive and integrative. It pondered on why people fail to keep to negotiation rules. Thomas Hobbes state of nature and Machiavelli’s concept of the human relationship used to explain this phenomenon. Furthermore, the article argues that this disposition is a consequence of people’s perception of negotiation as a game where one party’s gain is the other party’s loss. The significance of game theory in the negotiation is therefore emphasised. Personality factors were considered important in the negotiation process. The impact of the big-five personality on the negotiation situation was highlighted. Unethical practices could make the negotiation process difficult, thereby affecting the quality of decision reached during negotiation. The study concludes by suggesting some ways of succeeding in negotiation.
Expectation Properties of Generalized Order Statistics from Poisson Lomax Distribution
Authors: Athar Haseeb , Zubdahe Noor  , Zarrin Saima , Almutairi Hanadi N.S.
Published: July 2021

The Poisson Lomax distribution was proposed by [3], as a useful model for analyzing lifetime data. In this paper,we have derived recurrence relations for single and product moments of generalized order statistics for this distribution. Further, characterization of the distribution is carried out. Some deductions and particular cases are also discussed.
Contrato fijo de obra: fijación y revelado de una especial figura contractual en la era digital
Authors: Lantarón Barquín David
Published: July 2021

El contrato fijo de obra, estandarte del sector de la construcción, es una figura controvertida en su naturaleza, que representa como acaso pocas otras el choque entre la categorización jurídica y la realidad negocial y del mercado de trabajo, avalada ésta, en principio, por el fin de tutela del trabajador. Con antecedentes en la Ordenanza de la Construcción, Vidrio y Cerámica del año 70 y anclaje en la LSC y en el ET, entre otras normas, ha sido atendida en el nivel negocial estatal ininterrumpidamente, destacando su cuestionada condición de modulación del contrato de obra o servicio determinado, refrendada no obstante por nuestro Tri­bunal Supremo, y el singular régimen de duración del contrato. Un tratamiento jurídico que deja tras de sí un reguero de incertidumbres, que conjuntamente con los pronunciamientos judiciales, son abordadas en el presente estudio.
HUBUNGAN USIA MENARCHE DENGAN KEJADIAN ENDOMETRIOSIS
Authors: Lestari Sri Purwati Puji , Annas Jimmy Yanuar , Juniastuti Juniastuti
Published: July 2021

AbstrakLatar belakang : Endometriosis adalah penyakit ginekologi yang bersifat menahun dan progresif dengan angka kejadiannya mengalami peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun namun penyebabnya sebagian besar masih belum diketahui. Usia menarche adalah salah satu faktor resiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian endometriosis. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara usia menarche dengan kejadian endometriosis di Rumkital Dr. Ramelan Surabaya. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik retrospective dengan pendekatan case control. Kelompok kasus adalah wanita yang telah menjalani operasi kandungan dengan hasil Patologi Anatomi menunjukkan endometriosis dan kelompok kontrol adalah pasien wanita yang telah menjalani operasi laparaskopi MOW (Metode Opetratif Wanita). Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 70 responden (35 kasus, 35 kontrol) selama periode tahun 2017-2018 dengan teknik purposive sampling berdasarkan kriteria inklusi.. Analisa data menggunakan uji chi square pada tingkat kemaknaan α 0,05. Hasil : Responden dengan endometriosis sebagian besar mengalami menarche pada usia 12-13 tahun (62,9%). Usia menarche tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kejadian endometriosis (p=0,484). Kesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan antara usia menarche dengan kejadian endometriosis di Rumkital Dr. Ramelan Surabaya. AbstractBackground: Endometriosis is a chronic and progressive gynecological disease with an increased incidence every year but the cause is largely unknown. Age of menarche is one of the risk factors associated with the incidence of endometriosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between age of menarche the incidence of endometriosis in Dr. Ramelan Hospital Surabaya. Method: This was a retrospective analytic study with a case control approach. The case group was women who had undergone uterine surgery with Anatomical Pathology results showing endometriosis and the control group were women who had undergone laparoscopic tuba ligation. 70 respondents (35 cases, 35 controls) taken during the period of 2017-2018 with a purposive sampling technique based on inclusion criteria. Analyzed data used chu square test at significant level of α 0,05. Results: Most respondent who got endometriosis had menarche at 12-13 years old (62.9%). The age of menarche had no significant association with the incidence of endometriosis (p = 0.484). Conclusion: We found no association between age of menarche and the incidence of endometriosis with the incidence of endometriosis in the Dr. Ramelan Hospital Surabaya.
Leaf Diseases Detection of Medicinal Plants based on Image Processing and Machine Learning Processes
Authors: Bose Payal , DUTTA SHAWNI , Goyal Vishal , Bandyopadhyay Samir K.
Published: July 2021

: On earth, plants play the most important part. Every organ of a plant plays a vital role in the ecological field as well as the medicinal field. But on the whole earth there are several species of plants are available. Different plants have different diseases. Therefore it is needed to identify the plants and their diseases to prevent loss. Now to identify the plants and their diseases manually is very time consuming. In this research an automatic plant and their disease detection system is proposed. For experimental purposes, high-quality leaf images are accepted for training and testing. For detecting the healthy and diseased area in a leaf, region-based and color-based region thresholding techniques were used. For feature selection Histogram Oriented Gradient (HOG) and Local Binary Pattern (LBP) method were applied. Finally for classification two-class and multi-class Support Vector Machine (SVM) was used. It is observed that both feature selection processes with SVM give 99% accuracy. Finally to understand the automated system a graphical user interface was created for all users.
The Actualization of Liberal Indonesian Multicultural Thought in Developing Community Harmonization
Authors: Naim Ngainun , Qomar Mujamil
Published: July 2021

Not many Kiai have thoughts about multiculturalism. Kiai M. Sholeh Bahruddin and Kiai Abdullah Syam are considered unique because they have multicultural Islamic thoughts and actualize them in building community harmony. This paper aimed to explore the basis, approach, and channel of Islamic actualization in responding to various challenges. The research method used was the qualitative method with a symbolic interaction approach. The data collection procedures were conducted through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The data were analyzed by following the steps suggested by Saldana, Miles, and Huberman (2013). This study found that the basis for the actualization of multicultural Islamic thoughts of Kiai M. Sholeh Bahruddin and Kiai Abdullah Syam was social, humanistic, cultural, religious, and psychological. The approach used was a synergy between religious, moral, psychological, theological, cultural, social, and educational approaches. Meanwhile, the actualization channels used are through social channels, cultural arts, propaganda, social media, silaturrahim (hospitality in Islam), education levels, and scientific meetings.
Seeking Justice Through Qanun Jinayat: The Narratives of Female Victims of Sexual Violence in Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Febriandi Yogi , Ansor Muhammad , Nursiti Nursiti
Published: July 2021

This article examines the experience of Acehnese female victims of sexual violence seeking justice through Qanun Jinayat (Islamic criminal bylaw) in Aceh, Indonesia. The empirical data in this study were collected through in-depth interviews with the victims and families related to the cases of sexual violence. By employing the narrative agency, this article argues that telling the experience of seeking justice is a way female victims of sexual violence express their resistance to the implementation of Qanun Jinayat in Aceh. Regarding this, we will show that Aceh’s Qanun Jinayat, which was originally implemented to eradicate sexual violence, turns out to have limitations in realizing the desired goals. This finding ultimately confirms that the concept of legal pluralism adopted in Aceh, Indonesia, has liminality in facilitating justice for women and other marginalized communities.
(Re)articulación de la familia contemporánea mexicana en la segunda temporada de La casa de las flores
Authors:   Universidad Panamericana, Dominguez Partida Gabriel
Published: July 2021

Tradicionalmente, los contenidos audiovisuales en México han representado y reforzado un modelo de familia nuclear (padre, madre, e hijos). Sin embargo, La casa de las flores marcó un hito en esta representación al mostrar una visión alternativa de la configuración familiar, hecho enfatizado en la promoción de su segunda temporada. El programa propone redefinir y ampliar el concepto de familia a través de la inclusión de parejas LGTBIQ+, así como otros modelos. Por ello, este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar el alcance de esta redefinición en la narrativa presentada durante los nueve capítulos que integran la segunda temporada. Para lograr este propósito, se realiza un análisis textual de sus tramas, personajes y símbolos utilizados para enmarcar las relaciones familiares. El artículo concluye que, a pesar de la inclusión de configuraciones familiares distintas, prevalece un modelo biparental. Este modelo refuerza los roles maternales y paternales heredados de la representación audiovisual de la familia en México, obscurece las problemáticas vividas por otros tipos de familia y dificulta la reapropiación de símbolos que puedan facilitar el desafiar las estructuras sociales dominantes que abundan en el discurso audiovisual mexicano.
Interacciones entre lo nacional y lo corpóreo. El caso de Arantxa en la serie Patria
Authors:   Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Quiroga Álvarez Ana
Published: July 2021

Este artículo pretende analizar cómo Arantxa hace frente a su condición como persona dependiente en la serie Patria. El objetivo principal es demostrar cómo Arantxa se comunica con sus cuidadoras a través de los gestos limitados que le permite su parálisis. A su vez, se busca demostrar cómo Arantxa se niega a seguir la línea ideológica de su madre, revelándose contra ella a través del proceso de sujeción. Para ello, se apuesta por un método cualitativo en el que el cuerpo de Arantxa se posiciona como centro del análisis. Frente a su lucha por alcanzar la sujeción, se le presentan dos tipos de resistencia: una resistencia interna, determinada por las limitaciones físicas de su cuerpo; y una resistencia externa, cristalizada en las figuras de Miren y Celeste, que determinarían en última instancia la interrelación de Arantxa con su entorno. Pese al control que ejercen sus cuidadoras sobre ella, Arantxa logra imponer su voluntad y apostar por una resolución no violenta del conflicto. Tomando el cuerpo como eje central, este texto profundiza en otras cuestiones como la identidad nacional o el cuestionamiento de la violencia.
Reinterpretaciones de Carmen y Don Juan en cine transnacional en inglés subvencionado por España, 2005-2019
Authors:   Aston University, Terrón Barroso Antonio
Published: July 2021

España invirtió más de once millones de euros en financiar veinte largometrajes de ficción rodados en inglés y coproducidos junto a Reino Unido y/o Estados Unidos entre 2005 y 2019 que contaron al menos con una actriz o actor español en su reparto o una escena rodada en España. En ellos, la construcción de los personajes interpretados por españoles mediante una serie de características físicas y psicológicas concretas parece recurrir de forma frecuente a los arquetipos de la mujer fatal y del casanova a través de sus personificaciones estereotipadas a nivel nacional en los mitos de la Carmen de Mérimée y el Don Juan de Zorrilla. Queda patente, además, que tanto los espectadores británicos como los estadounidenses reconocen esta representación estereotipada de la identidad española en reseñas publicadas en abierto en IMDB.com y Amazon sobre estos veinte largometrajes, haciendo incluso menciones directas a estereotipos concretos y generalizaciones aplicables al conjunto de la población española. Los resultados de este trabajo señalan la aparente (hiper)sexualización a la que tanto actrices como actores españoles parecen estar relegados en coproducciones internacionales rodadas en inglés.
La mirada intergeneracional: la representación del trauma de la dictadura uruguaya a través del documental Secretos de lucha (Maiana Bidegain, 2007)
Authors:   Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Martínez Pérez Natalia , Dueñas Mohedas Sonia ,   Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
Published: July 2021

La dictadura cívico-militar (1973-1985) ha causado una terrible herida a la población uruguaya, provocando que el pasado reciente esté aún presente en la memoria colectiva. Actualmente, la transmisión intergeneracional propicia la revisión de la memoria histórica despertando y dando voz a nuevos relatos sobre presos políticos, desapariciones, migración y violencia, (re)construyendo el ayer a través de discursos del pasado en torno a la representación de la historia más reciente de Uruguay y la memoria del trauma. Un ejemplo de ello es el documental Secretos de Lucha (2007), de la directora francesa de origen vasco Maiana Bidegain quien, a partir de la compilación de testimonios, inicia un proceso de descubrimiento y restauración de la memoria histórica familiar como hija de migrantes uruguayos. Este artículo analiza la representación del conflicto y el trauma generado por la dictadura a través de la mirada intergeneracional. Bidegain sigue los pasos que un día dieron sus padres para profundizar en la identidad de sus orígenes, permitiendo que el foco de atención resida en el discurso de la experiencia. Por medio de la exploración de su obra, se pretende estudiar cómo es la representación de la memoria histórica contemporánea de Uruguay en uno de los capítulos más dolorosos para su población.
Los efectos de la pandemia de COVID-19 en el ecosistema de festivales cinematográficos de la Comunitat Valenciana
Authors:   Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Fernández Pichel Samuel , Liberia Vayá Irene ,   Universidad de Sevilla, Mansanet Royo Sara ,   Universitat de València
Published: July 2021

Este artículo analiza cómo ha afectado la pandemia de COVID-19 a los festivales de cine de la Comunitat Valenciana en un contexto de evolución forzada de este sector cultural a escala global. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo, en primer lugar, un trabajo cuantitativo basado en una encuesta telemática enviada a la totalidad de festivales censados en el territorio valenciano. En segundo término, mediante la técnica de investigación cualitativa del grupo de discusión, se ha profundizado en los datos y conclusiones extraídas de la primera parte del estudio. Los principales resultados indican que, con variaciones respecto a las fechas habituales, reducción de aforos y programaciones, y la adopción de las medidas higiénico-sanitarias pertinentes, la inmensa mayoría de los festivales pudieron celebrar su edición de 2020 y, pese a las notables diferencias entre los de gran formato y aquellos con una envergadura menor, todos ponen el foco en la vuelta a la presencialidad, aunque aplicando los aprendizajes del último año. Además del objetivo de regresar cuanto antes a la situación pre-COVID, la pandemia ha puesto de manifiesto la necesidad apremiante de colaboración entre certámenes, acelerando la creación de la Asociación de Festivales de Cine de la Comunitat Valenciana.
Guia Instrucional
Authors: Morais Nilson , Pereira Adriano
Published: July 2021

O artigo apresenta os resultados de pesquisa qualitativa desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (PROFEPT), do Instituto Federal do Paraná – Campus Curitiba, cujo objetivo foi identificar de que maneira o cinema novo do diretor Glauber Rocha pode contribuir para a formação docente e dos estudantes de modo a cumprir e reforçar a lei 13.006/2014. O resultado obtido foi o guia instrucional para utilização do filme Deus e o Diabo na Terra do Sol (1964), do diretor Glauber Rocha. O guia instrucional está baseado na demonstração do cinema como um sistema em movimento: autor-obra-público. A concepção teórica do guia funda-se na arte e violência de Glauber Rocha e Adolfo Sànchez Vázquez na análise de Educação e violência de Dermeval Saviani e nas contribuições do debate marxista sobre Educação Profissional e Tecnológica.
Impact of Soil sealing on the genesis of urban flood in Peshawar, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Attaullah , Rahman Atta-Ur- , - Samiullah , Ayub Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Anthropogenic activities are consistently modifying surface covers changes. Such alterations have been producing negative impacts on surface and groundwater sources by escalating surface runoff and reducing infiltration to recharge the aquifers. In this research an attempt has been made to explore the rapid expansion of built environment, its trend and impacts on the increasing surface runoff and the genesis of urban flood in Peshawar, Pakistan. The study area has been experiencing rapid population growth and urban expansion, which has been continuously consuming the fertile farmland and replacing the natural ground by the artificial impermeable surfaces. The required data for this study was acquired through primary and secondary sources from various organizations. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) were used to monitor and detect the development of built environment and its probable impacts on the accelerated surface runoff. Analysis reveals that Physical, infrastructural and socio-economic developments were the major factors of land take and conversion of natural ground into Impervious Surface Covers (ISC). Such modifications have been producing negative effects on urban environ and water resources of the study area. Finding of the study reveals that rapid population growth is responsible for the increase in built-up areas, urban expansion and infrastructural developments, during the study period (1981–2014) have increased the impermeable surfaces from 3.70% to 16.27%. Consequently surface runoff has also been intensified, which has in certain cases created urban and flash floods. Rapid urban growth and the resultant physical and infrastructural developments need to be properly checked and monitored so that its adverse impacts on the generation of urban flash floods could be minimized.
Genomic Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Circulating in Hawai’i to Facilitate Public-Health Policies
Authors: Maison David P , Cleveland Sean B. , Nerurkar Vivek R
Published: July 2021

Using genomics, bioinformatics and statistics, herein we demonstrate the effect of statewide and nationwide quarantine on the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) in Hawai’i. To define the origins of introduced VOC, we analyzed 260 VOC sequences from Hawai’i, and 301,646 VOC sequences worldwide, deposited in the GenBank and global initiative on sharing all influenza data (GISAID), and constructed phylogenetic trees. The trees define the most recent common ancestor as the origin. Further, the multiple sequence alignment used to generate the phylogenetic trees identified the consensus single nucleotide polymorphisms in the VOC genomes. These consensus sequences allow for VOC comparison and identification of mutations of interest in relation to viral immune evasion and host immune activation. Of note is the P71L substitution within the E protein, the protein sensed by TLR2 to produce cytokines, found in the B.1.351 VOC may diminish the efficacy of some vaccines. Based on the phylogenetic trees, the B.1.1.7, B.1.351, B.1.427, and B.1.429 VOC have been introduced in Hawai'i multiple times since December 2020 from several definable geographic regions. From the first worldwide report of VOC in GenBank and GISAID, to the first arrival of VOC in Hawai’i, averages 320 days with quarantine, and 132 days without quarantine. As such, the effect of quarantine is shown to significantly affect the time to arrival of VOC in Hawai’i, both during and following quarantine. Further, the collective 2020 quarantine of 43-states in the United States demonstrates a profound impact in delaying the arrival of VOC in states that did not practice quarantine, such as Utah. Our data demonstrates that at least 76% of all definable SARS-CoV-2 VOC have entered Hawai’i from California, with the B.1.351 variant in Hawai’i originating exclusively from the United Kingdom. These data provide a foundation for policy-makers and public-health officials to apply precision public health genomics to real-world policies such as mandatory screening and quarantine.
Analyzing Resilience and Food Insecurity of Drought Prone Communities of Tharparkar Desert, Pakistan
Authors: Shahzad LAILA , YASIN ASMA , liaqat ammar , mansoor ASMA , sharif faiza , raiz umair
Published: July 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Paediatric Enteric Fever in Brussels: a case series over 16 years
Authors: Kontoni Valbona Selimaj , Lepage Philippe , Hainaut Marc , Deyi Véronique Yvette Miendje , Mattheus Wesley , Pace David
Published: July 2021

BackgroundEnteric fever (EF) is a major public health problem and a witness of the global health disparities. It is caused by Salmonella enterica serovar typhi (Salmonella ser. Typhi) and Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A,B,C (Salmonella ser. Paratyphi) and is estimated to infect 12-26 million persons yearly.Paediatric data on enteric fever in Europe are scarce. A case series of EF was analysed to describe the clinical presentation, laboratory characteristics and diagnostic challenges identified in a paediatric population in Brussels.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of all lab-confirmed cases of enteric fever in children aged 0-15 years at two Brussels teaching hospitals, between January 2005 and December 2020. We reviewed age, gender, travel history, consultations before diagnosis, hospitalisation duration, clinical symptoms and laboratory findings.ResultsThere were 34 positive isolates of S.typhi and S.paratyphi: 31 patients had positive blood culture, 1 patient had positive bone drainage, 2 patients had positive stool culture (one was excluded for missing data). There were 20 girls(60%). Median age was 3.5 years (range 5 months to 14 years). Travel to EF endemic areas was present in 55% of patients. Diagnosis was delayed in 80% of children. Eosinopenia was present in 93% of the cohort. The patients had not received any preventive travel education or vaccination.ConclusionsEnteric fever poses diagnostic challenges to clinicians. Eosinopenia in a febrile patient coming from the tropics should raise suspicion of EF. Travelers to endemic areas, should be better educated about EF risks and typhoid fever vaccination must be promoted.
3D models of Alzheimer’s disease patient microglia recapitulate disease phenotype and show differential drug responses compared to 2D
Authors: Cuni-Lopez Carla , Quek Hazel , Oikari Lotta , Stewart Romal , Nguyen Tam Hong , Sun Yifan , Guo Christine , Lupton Michelle , White Anthony
Published: July 2021

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder with a rapidly increasing prevalence worldwide. Current approaches targeting hallmark pathological features of AD have had no consistent clinical benefit. Neuroinflammation is a major contributor to neurodegeneration and hence, microglia, the brain’s resident immune cells, are an attractive target for potentially more effective therapeutic strategies. However, there is no current in vitro model system that faithfully recapitulates patient-specific microglial characteristics. To address this shortcoming, we developed novel 3D models of monocyte-derived microglia-like cells (MDMi) from AD patients. MDMi in 3D exhibited mature microglial features, including a highly branched morphology and enhanced bonafide microglial marker expression compared to 2D. AD MDMi in 3D co-culture with neuro-glial cells showed altered cell-to-cell interactions, growth factor and cytokine secretion profiles and responses to amyloid-β. Drug screening assays in 3D AD MDMi revealed different cytokine responses compared to 2D. Our study demonstrates disease- and drug-specific responses in 3D MDMi models that are not apparent in 2D and presents a new 3D platform for more effective and personalised drug testing.
Catastrophic Risks Management via Livelihood Diversification From Flood-prone Areas of Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Dilshad , Afzal Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Agricultural lower productivity regardless of significant agricultural policy measures is considered major issue in mostly developing countries like Pakistan. These policies first and foremost focused on-farm development whereas the rich aspect of off-farm diversification is mostly overlooked. In mitigating climate change unpleasant impacts and dipping hunger, small farmers’ livelihood diversification performs considerable role. This study aimed to investigate the diversification of livelihood to managing catastrophic risks in rural farmers of Punjab, Pakistan. This research work used the data of 398 flood prone households from two higher risk flood prone districts of Punjab and employed logistic regression model for empirical estimation of the study. In managing catastrophic risks, majority of respondents almost 57% put into practice off-farm diversification of livelihood strategies whereas 44.5% adopted on-farm livelihood diversification strategies. Empirical estimates of logistic model illustrated as demographic, socioeconomic, risk perception and institutional characteristics considerably affect the farmers’ preference of diversification of livelihood. Results also highlighted the accessibility of inadequate labour force, poor roads and market infrastructure, be short of credit access, inadequate institutional support, restricted training and skills, limited natural resources and climate uncertainties and risks are some significant constraints in adopting the livelihood diversification in the study area. This research work advocated the necessitate for forcefully adoption the policies of climate change such as getting better services access, focus training initiatives, improved infrastructure and increasing institutional assistance. State based adoption of accurate policy measures and suitable deliberation so as to promote livelihood diversification as a part of enhancing national jobs to get better numerous livelihoods and save lives, as small farmers’ livelihood possibly will improve.
Fabrication of Electrochemical Biosensor Using Zinc Oxide Nanoflowers for the Detection of Uric Acid
Authors: dutta priyanka , sharma Vikas , bhardwaj Hema , agrawal ved varun , nil Rajesh , sumana gajjala
Published: July 2021

A label-free electrochemical biosensor has been developed using Zinc Oxide nanoflowers (ZnONFs) for the detection of Uric acid. ZnONFs have been synthesized by hydrothermal process and characterized with several techniques such as Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) study, X-ray diffraction study, Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) and electrochemical analyser to confirms the formation of nanoflowers and fabrication of electrode and bioelectrodes for uric acid detection. Pure and uniform needle flowers and deposited onto Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) substrate through electrophoretic deposition technique. Further, electrochemical studies have been performed with immobilized enzymatic bioelectrode followed by various uric acid concentrations. It has been found that the fabricated biosensor shows high sensitivity (10.38 µA/ mg/mL /cm2) and a limit of detection of 0.13 mg/mL in the range of 0.005 to 1.0 mg/mL. This study demonstrates the potential use of ZnONFs for the construction of overly sensitive biosensors for Uric acid detection.
The Effect of Contrast Agents on the Anticoagulant Properties of Oral Factor Xa Inhibitors
Authors: TUNCAY Burcu , Ari Selma , Ari Hasan , CAMCI Sencer , MELEK Mehmet , BOZAT Tahsin
Published: July 2021

Objective:The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of iohexol as a contrast agent on the anticoagulant activity of oral factor Xa inhibitors. Methods:The study included 65 people who underwent contrast computerized tomography (CT). Patients in group 1 were using rivaroxaban (20 patients), patients in group 2 were using apixaban (20 patients), patients in group 3 were using edoxaban (20 patients), and group 4 was the control group (5 volunteers). Iohexol (60ml) was used as a contrast agent. Two tubes were used to collect 2 ml of blood from the patients at 4 hours after the drug dose (rivaroxaban, apixaban, or edoxaban) and 1 hour after the contrast CT (CT was performed 3 hours after the drug was taken). In the control group, at any time and 1 hour after contrast CT, 2 tubes of 2 ml of blood were collected. The anticoagulant properties of rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban were evaluated using anti-factor Xa levels. Results:The anti-factor Xa level was increased after using the contrast agent in the rivaroxaban group (0.66±0.32U/ml vs. 0.67±0.32U/ml; p=0.01) and the edoxaban group (0.74±0.35 U/ml vs. 0.76±0.36 U/ml; p=0.006). However, there was no significant difference in the apixaban group (0.66±0.33U/ml vs. 0.66±0.32U/ml; p=0.21) and control group (0.02±0.01U/ml vs. 0.03±0.01U/ml; p=0.33).Conclusion:The anticoagulant properties of rivaroxaban and edoxaban tended to increase significantly, but there was no statistically significant difference in the anticoagulant properties of apixaban with contrast agent. The increasing is too small so that these laboratory results need to validate with larger clinical trials(NCT04611386).
Co-Ni LDHs/PES Hybrid Membrane Synergizes With PMS to Effectively Degrade Orange Ⅱ
Authors: Zhou Yanhui , Dong Yanmao , Yuan Yan , Zhao Dan , Xie Weijun
Published: July 2021

The Co-Ni layered double hydroxides (Co-Ni LDHs) were prepared using co-precipitation method and Co-Ni LDHs hybrid polyethersulfone membranes (Co-Ni LDHs/PES) were prepared by phase inversion method, respectively. The products were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM, EDX, TGA and tensile strength test. Results showed that the Co-Ni LDHs/PES membranes as prepared had excellent mechanical properties. The decrease of membrane contact angle and the increase of membrane water flux indicated that the hydrophilicity of Co-Ni LDHs/PES membrane can be improved. The hybrid membranes showed a good catalytic performance. As the loading of LDHs was 5mg·L-1, the dosage of PMS and AO7 was 1mmol·L-1 and 0.05mmol·L-1, respectively, the degradation rate of AO7 can reach 96.58% within 20 minutes. The ion leaching of Co-Ni LDHs/PES was much less than that of Co-Ni LDHs, so, the dosage of the Co-Ni LDHs was much less than of Co-Ni LDHs. After repeated used for four times, Co-Ni LDHs/PES still has good catalytic performance. The effects of Co-Ni LDHs dosage, PMS dosage, initial pH, Cl- and HA on the degradation of AO7 were investigated. The catalytic degradation mechanism of Co-Ni LDHs/PES was studied by free radical quenching experiments and XPS analysis. The main active species in the catalytic oxidation system are SO4-, OH, 1O2 and O2- among which 1O2 and O2- were the main active species.
Internal Resonance and Energy Transfer of a Cable-stayed Beam With a Tuned Mass Damper
Authors: Su Xiaoyang , Kang Hou Jun , Guo Tieding , Cong Yunyue
Published: July 2021

This study considers a novel nonlinear system, namely, a cable-stayed beam with a tuned mass damper (cable-beam-TMD model), allowing the description of energy transfer among the beam, cable and TMD. In this system, the vibration of the TMD is involved and one-to-one-to-one internal resonance among the modes of the beam, cable and TMD is investigated when external primary resonance of the beam occurs. Galerkin’s method is utilized to discretize the equations of motion of the beam and cable. In this way, a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are derived, which are solved by the method of multiple time scales (MTS). Then the steady state solutions of the system are obtained by suing Newton-Raphson method and continued by pseudo arclength algorithm. The response curves, time histories and phase portraits are provided to explore the effect of the TMD on the nonlinear behaviours of the model. Meanwhile, a partially coupled system, namely, a cable-beam-TMD model ignoring the vibration of the TMD, is also studied. The nonlinear characteristics of the two cases are compared with each other. The results reveal the occurrence of energy transfer among the beam, cable and TMD.
Maslinic Acid Activates Renal Ampk/sirt1 Signaling Pathway to Protect Against Diabetic Nephropathy in Mice
Authors: Gao Huijuan , Wu Hong
Published: July 2021

BackgroundDiabetic nephropathy has been a devastating complication. Clinically, there is an urgent need for nephroprotective agents to delay the onset of diabetic nephropathy and ameliorate its symptoms. Maslinic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene acid with protective effect on multiple organs from oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the therapeutic effect of maslinic acid on diabetic nephropathy remains unclear.MethodsC57BL/6J male mice administrated with 50 mg/kg of Streptozocin (STZ) daily were used to establish diabetic mouse model (blood glucose levels > 300 mg/dL). Urinary levels of albumin, total proteins, and creatinine were analyzed by an automatic analyzer. H&E staining was used to evaluate renal damage. qRT-PCR and ELISA assay were performed to investigate the inflammation and oxidative stress of renal tissues. Western-blotting assay was used to demonstrate the activation of AMPK signaling.ResultsMaslinic acid treatment alleviated the loss of body weight and blood glucose in diabetic mice. The renal structure and function were protected by maslinic acid in diabetic mice. 20 mg/kg maslinic acid treatment for 8 weeks alleviated the oxidative stress and inflammation in the kidney of diabetic rats dramatically. Maslinic acid treatment activated renal AMPK/SIRT1 signaling.ConclusionMaslinic acid ameliorated diabetic nephropathy via activating AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway.
Spin orientation switching in layered perovskite oxyfluoride Pb3Fe2O5F2
Authors: Oka Kengo , Nambu Yusuke , Ochi Masayuki , Hayashi Naoaki , Kusano Yoshihiro , Aoyama Takuya , Ishii Yui , Kuroki Kazuhiko , Mori Shigeo , Takano Mikio , Iwasaki Mitsunobu , Noma Naoki , Kageyama Hiroshi
Published: July 2021

Control of spin alignment in magnetic materials is crucial for developing switching devices. In molecular magnets, magnetic anisotropy can be rationally controlled by varying their ligands that allow tuning of ligand field splitting energy. However, the inherent weak magnetic interaction between spins or spin-cluster results in spin reorientation (SR) occurring only at low temperatures. Here, we show that layered perovskite oxyfluoride Pb3Fe2O5F2 exhibits a SR transition at 380 K, with the magnetic moments changing from perpendicular to parallel to the c-axis. It is found that the SR is caused by a ferroelectric-like phase transition, where the magnetic HOMO-LUMO interaction changes upon the structural transition due to the concerted effect of the heteroleptic FeO5F coordination and the steric effect of Pb. This finding indicates that the design of spin orientation by local coordination environment, which is common in molecular magnets, can be extended to extended oxides by introducing different anions.
Monitoring of Compound Air Pollution by Remote Sensing in Lanzhou City in the Past 10 Years
Authors: Ju Tianzhen , Liang Zhuohong , Liu Wenjun , Li Bingnan , Huang Ruirui , Geng Tunyang
Published: July 2021

Based on satellite remote sensing data acquired by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), this study used pixel space analysis, a coefficient of variation, stability analysis, and an atmospheric transmission model to determine the concentration of tropospheric ozone (O3), NO2, HCHO, and SO2 columns in Lanzhou from 2010 to 2019. A series of analyses were carried out on the temporal and spatial distribution of concentration, influencing factors and atmospheric transmission path. The results show that the air pollutants in this area present multi-dimensional characteristics and have a complex spatial distribution. In terms of inter-annual changes, in addition to the increase in the concentration of the HCHO column, the ozone, NO2, and SO2 column concentrations have all decreased over time. In terms of monthly average changes, these four pollutants reached their maximum values in April, December, June, and January, respectively. These four types of pollution had a strong spatial correlation, among which HCHO and SO2 had a significant positive correlation, with a correlation coefficient of 0.76. Many factors affect the Atmospheric Compound Pollution in Lanzhou. Among them, pollutants are closely related to urbanization and to the activities of coal-burning industries. Moreover, temperature, precipitation, and sunshine also have certain effects on air quality. The proliferation of pollutants in Gansu Province was one of the sources of pollutants in Lanzhou, while long-distance transportation in the atmosphere from outside the province (Qinghai, Sichuan, and Shaanxi) also exacerbated the pollution in Lanzhou.
Subjective Assessment of Psychological Impact, Awareness, And The Online Learning Experience of Dental Students During The Total Lockdown After The Global COVID-19 Spread: University of Jordan
Authors: Al-Omoush Salah , Alsoleihat Firas , Alamoush Rasha A. , Elmanaseer Wijdan , Hamdan Ahmad M.
Published: July 2021

BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to assess the psychological impact and awareness of the spread of coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in Jordan among dental students at the University of Jordan, as well as assessing student attitudes toward dental learning during the lockdown period imposed by the government.MethodsThis study was conducted using a questionnaire that was electronically distributed to the largest possible number of Year 3, 4 and 5 dental students. 271 students participated in the survey (Year 3, n = 89, Year 4, n = 94, and Year 5, n = 88), with a response rate of 40.39%.ResultsResults indicated considerable psychological impact on dental students during the spread of the COVID-19 virus in Jordan, with a high degree of awareness among the students about COVID-19. Furthermore, there was positive feedback about the online learning experience of theoretical subjects but less so for practical and/or clinical subjects with a great deal of reluctance to resume their regular study, especially attendance of dental patient clinics.ConclusionResults of this study highlight the need for launching more awareness programs to reassure the dental students and to restore their confidence in the complete protective ability of the recommended precautions against the contraction of the disease.