bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interdisciplinary studies on contemporary research practices in engineering in the 21st century-III
Authors: Fırat Coşkun , Niebling Mara , Maraj Altin , Inan A. Talat , Bakırcı Mehmet , Kaygusuz Kamil , Akdan Sinan , Öner İsmail , Akdeniz Nevzat , Bingöl Ahyet , Şimşek Salih Ensar , Yavşan Emrehan , Çarkıt Taner , Topçular Anıl İbrahim , Yılmaz Mehmet , Ağır Türkan , Cumali Gökhan , Desticioğlu Taşdemir Beste , Demir Mehmet Emin , Denizhan Onur , Arca Deniz , Keskin Çıtıroğlu Hülya , Etli Serkan , Akgül Melek , Erkman Güven Ege , Yiğit İbrahim , Yüzer Erşan Ömer , Bozkurt Altuğ , Büyük Uğur , Çadırlı Emin , Kaya Hasan , Üstün Erkan , Gündüz Mehmet , Usca Üsame Ali
Published: June 2023

Engineering is the use of scientific principles to design and construct machines, structures and other items, including bridges, tunnels, roads, vehicles and buildings. The engineering discipline encompasses a wide range of specialized engineering fields, each with particular emphasis on specific areas of applied mathematics, applied science, and application types. Engineering is a sub-discipline created by the interdisciplinary partnership that plays a very important role in the development and development of a country. Engineering is a profession that develops economical methods to present the forces and substances of nature for the benefit of human beings, using the knowledge gained through study, experimentation and application from the branches of mathematics and natural sciences wisely.
Because the engineering approach; It is the human approach whose job is to solve problems. Employees who take the engineering approach know how to see the unseen, find the unthinkable, target optimum solutions and get the maximum benefit from the situation. On the other hand, although a very broad and detailed definition comes to mind with the question of what is engineering, we can say that engineering is the application of science and mathematics necessary to solve problems. Engineers understand how things work and find ways to use scientific discoveries in practical life.
This book published; It was created from the presentations of both their own original studies and compilation studies from the literature presented by academics who teach in various engineering branches. The aim here is for engineers and academics interested in the subject to find important engineering studies together. Therefore, I believe that the book will fill an important gap and be useful to young researchers. In this context; We would like to thank everyone who contributed scientifically to the book, in short, who contributed to the preparation of the book for printing.
I hope that this published book will be useful to both engineers and young academics, and I wish success to all engineers and young academics.
 
Prof. Dr. Kamil KAYGUSUZ
Mechanical & Chemical Engineer
Karadeniz Technical University
Energy Expert
The Importance of Energy Storage for Sustainable Heat and Power
Authors: Kaygusuz Kamil
Published: June 2023

The impact of energy storage is far-reaching, as not only does it address the issues that have limited renewable energy’s penetration, it fundamentally alters the longstanding relationship between utilities and their customers. The disruptive potential of storage is unlike other energy technologies in that it pervasively extends across the value chain in a way that stakeholders will impact and be impacted by its adoption. Energy storage can play an important role in the present, in the short-term and in the medium- term future energy scenario. Both stationary and automotive applications will be considered and the main features required by each of them for an energy storage system will be explained. A very brief description of the proven and most promising storage technologies will be given with the aim of providing an overview of the peculiarities of each one and consequently its better-suited applications. Finally, the state-of-the-art, the opportunities and the barriers to the spread of energy storage systems will be summarized.
An Agricultural Unmanned Ground Vehicle for Localized Spraying of Harmful Plants Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Akdan Sinan , Öner İsmail , Akdeniz Nevzat , Bingöl Ahyet , Şimşek Salih Ensar , Yavşan Emrehan
Published: June 2023

The utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) in agriculture through unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) has the potential to significantly reduce excessive chemical use and environmental pollution. Instead of spraying entire areas, local interventions can be carried out with agricultural UGVs, allowing for the removal of unwanted harmful plants by local spraying. This approach leads to a more effective and healthy outcome compared to dispersing pesticides in the air. The harmful chemical effects on agricultural lands are minimized, spraying is carried out more efficiently, and costs are reduced through a decrease in the amount of pesticide used. In this work, we developed an autonomous agricultural ground vehicle with a unique design to locally spray harmful plants in agricultural lands. The vehicle's design was inspired by nature, and aluminum profiles were preferred in its production for lightness. An innovative suspension system was established to facilitate the movement of the vehicle in farmland, minimizing uneven ground conditions. A simultaneous roadmap was generated via the robot operating system using data received from the depth camera placed on the vehicle. A detection algorithm based on convolutional neural networks was used to detect harmful plants in agricultural land. Prompt and effective spraying is crucial once harmful plants are detected, as inefficient spraying may lead to the proliferation of these plants. To overcome this bottleneck, the detection algorithm used enables autonomous spraying with the least delay in real-time. In field tests carried out with the developed ground vehicle, the harmful plant in the agricultural land was detected with an accuracy of 90% from a height of 40 cm and sprayed successfully instantaneously. Critical parameters such as vehicle position, battery consumption, and pesticide status are monitored simultaneously during spraying with the control and monitoring interface developed via an external ground station. The power supply components of the vehicle are determined such that the vehicle can be operated on a relatively flat agricultural land for 1.5 - 2 hours. Additionally, solar cells placed on the vehicle are intended to extend its duty period. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of AI-assisted UGVs in agriculture for reducing excessive chemical use and environmental pollution while increasing efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
Reflection of Industry 4.0 on Logistics Activities: Logistics 4.0
Authors: Desticioğlu Taşdemir Beste
Published: June 2023

The idea of "Industry 4.0" was developed as a result of the industrial industry's transition to digital manufacturing. The term refers to a new industrial era characterized by the combination of automation of production processes, data exchange, artificial intelligence and the internet. The key goals of Industry 4.0 are to make production processes more efficient, to offer flexibility, and to develop a smarter manufacturing environment. The advancements brought about by Industry 4.0 have had an impact on the logistics sector, along with many other industries, highlighting the transition to Logistics 4.0. Logistics 4.0 refers to the digital transformation in supply chain management. This concept aims to make the processes from production to consumer more efficient, flexible and connected. Logistics 4.0 encompasses a number of developments involving the use of technological innovations and digital platforms. In this study, the historical development of Industry 4.0 and Industry 4.0 are discussed and the components of Industry 4.0 are examined in detail. In addition, in the study, information about Logistics 4.0, which has developed with the effect of Industry 4.0, is given. In the study, sample applications made in logistics activities within the scope of Logistics 4.0 are presented.
Investigation of the Behavior of Steel-Concrete Composite Structure with Different Design Properties Under Far-Fault and Near Fault Earthquake Records
Authors: Etli Serkan , Akgül Melek
Published: June 2023

Calculations of earthquake effects can be handled in different ways in current national or international regulations. It is of great importance to consider the second-order effects of properties. After the structural modeling, the designs are completed by using the forces obtained in the section calculations made by considering the earthquake effects. Deformations due to second-order effects can cause greater damage in sections. Within the scope of this study, steel-concrete composite systems, which are produced in Eurocode norms and have remarkable features among structural systems, have been examined. The effects of considering the sensitivity coefficient in the Eurocode in the examinations on the system were evaluated separately in internal and external frames. Especially in elastic design and force-based designs, the effect of this coefficient has been evaluated in buildings with different coefficients in this study. As an example, the number of floors of the studied buildings were modeled as 8, 10, 13 and 15-storey composite moment-resisting frames. During the modeling, the sensitivity coefficient was evaluated to be 0<θ≤0.1 and 0.1<θ≤0.2 in two different intervals. In the evaluations, Nonlinear Time History analyzes, and nonlinear element and material models were used to evaluate the nonlinear behavior. To evaluate the behavior of the systems, the average and maximum values of the interstory drift ratios were carried out. In systems consisting of exemplary composite moment-resisting frames, it has been theoretically evaluated that there were important effects of the use of this coefficient, especially in outer frames.
Consideration of Pumice Sand-Concrete Interface Friction in Pile Modeling
Authors: Yiğit İbrahim
Published: June 2023

In geotechnical engineering designs, it is necessary to know the friction mechanism on the soil-structure contact surface as well as the mechanical properties of the soil. Geotechnical structures, such as friction piles derive their reaction force entirely from this mechanism. For this reason, there are many studies in the literature examining the soil interface friction with building materials such as wood, steel and concrete, on which geotechnical structures can be built. However, there is a deficiency in the literature on examining the interface friction of pumice sand and building materials. Nevetheless, there are settlements built on pumice soil sections and this behavior should be known in the design of geotechnical structures in these regions. The most characteristic feature of pumice soil grains is that they have a very large internal void ratio and therefore they can be easily crushed under external loads. In terms of these properties, they can be expected to exhibit a different mechanical behavior than other granular soils. The most important factors affecting the interface friction of granular soils and building materials are stress level, soil fabric, soil particle size distribution, shape-texture of soil grains and surface roughness of the building material. The most widely used test in the laboratory for the investigation of soil and building materials interface friction has taken its place in the literature as the direct shear box test. The advantage of this test is that both the internal friction angle of the soil and the interface friction angle of the soil with the building material can be obtained under similar boundary conditions. Thus, the strength parameters of the material are obtained. Definitely, more comprehensive tests such as triaxial tests are needed to obtain elastic material parameters. By using all these material parameters, stress strain analysis of geotechnical structures can be performed with numerical methods such as the finite element method. In this context, the stress strain analysis of a single pile was investigated by the finite element method, strength parameters and the pumice sand concrete interface friction angle, which were obtained in the laboratory of the loosely prepared pumice sand.
Advantages and Applications of Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds in Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Authors: Uygun Cebeci Yıldız
Published: June 2023

Heterocyclic compounds constitute the largest and most important category of organic chemistry. Heterocyclic compounds constitute 80% of the drugs available on the market. There are mostly 5-membered heterocyclic compounds in the structure of natural compounds, vitamins, nucleic acids, hormones and synthetic drugs. Many of the methods used to synthesize heterocyclic compounds are not sustainable. In recent years, it has started to use the microwave method to synthesize many compounds more effectively, including nitrogen-containing five-membered heterocyclic compounds. The microwave method provides great advantages over traditional heating methods such as homogeneous heat distribution, cleaner chemistry, improved yields, reduction in reaction times, and higher product quality.
Results on the Summability of Spliced Sequences by Using Nonnegative Matrices
Authors: Taş Emre , Demirkale Sevcan
Published: June 2023

Summability theory which aims to assign  meaningful values to divergent sequences and series is a fascinating branch of mathematical analysis. In this theory, spliced sequences that are combinations of sequences obtained by partitions are important tools to understand and analyze the characters of series.
In this chapter, some results on spliced sequences will be presented by nonnegative matrices. It is benefical to note that the class of such matrices is more general.
Sanat ve Tasarım Üzerine Araştırmalar
Authors: Tataroğlu Eylem , Sever Buse , Özer Ayhan , Sayın Elif , Yılmaz Aykul Sevil , Uyanık Çirkin Nur , Özdemir Selin , Özcan Berna Özlem , Güngen Zafer , Gezgin Ulaş Başar , Torgan Güzel Emine , Efe Mehmet
Published: June 2023

Medeniyetler, kültür, sanat, ilim, irfan ve millî ruhla var olurlar. Milletlerin devamı da bu dinamikleri taşıyan köklerin korunması ve aktarılmasıyla mümkündür. Yüzyıllar boyu birçok medeniyete ev sahipliği yapmış olan Anadolu; tarihi, sosyal kimliği, coğrafyası ve kültürel dokusuyla yüzyıllardır kadim bir birliktelik ve kültür merkezi olmuştur. Bu bağlamda Anadolu coğrafyası zenginliklerinin ortaya çıkarılmasında kültürel ve sanatsal çalışmaların önemli değerler olduğunun bilincindeyiz.
Sanatsal çalışmaların biçim ve ifade şekilleri farklı olsa da toplumsal bir amaca hizmet etmiştir. Bilgi birikimlerinin yetenekle buluştuğu, farklı sanatsal çalışmaların bir araya geldiği bu kitap güzel sanatlar alanında çeşitli faaliyet gösteren sanatçıların hazırladığı bölümlerden oluşmaktadır. Çalışma ile güzel sanatlar alanına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Sanat Eğitiminde Yaratıcı Uygulamalar – Cankat Tigin Öztemiz’in Temel Tasarım/Sanat Eğitiminde Tasarımının Patentlenme Süreci
Authors: Tataroğlu Eylem
Published: June 2023

Sanat eğitimi formasyonu ve içeriği, verildiği yaşa özgü becerileri geliştirmenin yanı sıra, bireyin kendini ifade etmesinde sunduğu alternatif yolların ve özellikle de büyüme çağındaki çocukların ve yetişkinliğe adım atan genç ergenlerin kaotik ruh hallerini yansıtmada değerlendirebileceği en etkili ve özgül yollardan biridir. İster ideal olarak sistematik verilsin, ister verilmesin sanat ve sanatın dışavurum imkânları, insanın hayatında varoluşundan beri vardı, var olmaya da devam edecektir. İnsan, doğası gereği sadece tüketen değil; merak eden, üreten, dönüştüren, öğrenebilen, duyumsayan ve akıl eden bir canlıdır. Bu bakımdan bu basit görünen ve gelişigüzel işlev sıralamasında bile etken olan, onun canlılığı ve bu canlılığı ile kendisine, çevresine ve içinde yaşadığı topluma ya da dünya insanı olarak dünyaya kattığı değerdir. Buradaki canlılık aklen, ruhen ve bedensel sağlık ve canlılıktır. Bu değer ise, çoğu zaman bilimdir, teknolojidir ya da sanattır. Eğitimin temel işlevi ve hedefi de zaten aklen ruhen ve bedenen dengeli ve sağlıklı bireyler yetiştirmektir. Bu hedefe ulaşmada en etkili aracı ise sanat ve tasarım eğitimidir. Okul öncesi dönemden üniversiteye, üniversitede doğrudan sanat ve tasarım eğitimi alan gençten; hukuk, tıp, mühendislik ya da sınıf öğretmenliği programlarında eğitim gören öğrenciye kadar, herkesin estetik bir çevrede ve dengeli insanlarla birlikte yaşama hakkı vardır ve bunu sağlamanın eğitimdeki yolu sanat ve tasarımdır. Özgüvenli, kendini ifade edebilen, zevk sahibi insanlar her meslek dalı için tüm ülkelerin ihtiyaç duyduğu vatandaş profilidir ve vatandaşlarını her yönden eğitmek her demokratik devletin ödevidir. Özle, sorun çözebilmek yaratıcılık gerektirir; farklılığa yönelik her anlamda sağlıklı değerlendirmeler yapabilmek ve analitik düşünmek özgür bireylerin sahip olduğu becerilerdir ve bunları sağlamanın en temel ve kolay yolu insanı küçük yaştan itibaren sanatla yetiştirmek ve işini sanatlı yapan öğretmen ve akademisyenlerin rehberliğinde ve liderliğinde ihtiyaç duyulan eğitim ortamını sağlamak ve bu sistematik eğitim programının çıktılarını değerlendirmektir. Eğitimin çıktısı, eğitimli insandır. Bu da en özen isteyen, en uzun sürede ve en zorlu yollardan elde edilen, en değerli meyvedir toplum için. Yaratıcılık için eğitime ihtiyaç duyulmasa da yaratıcılığın doğru değerlendirilmesi için, sönmemesi için programlı sanat ve tasarım eğitimine ihtiyaç vardır. Temel tasarım/sanat eğitimi ise yaratıcı düşüncenin geliştiği, eleştirel bakışın ve akran değerlendirmelerinin öncelendiği çok özel programlardır. Bu derslerin içeriği ve çıktıları öğrencilerin hem kişisel hem de hayat boyu profesyonel yaşantılar oluştururken onlara rehberlik ve referans oluşturan bir değere sahip olacaktır.
Authentic Istruments from an Organological Perspective in the Process of East-West Cultural Assimilation
Authors: Sayın Elif
Published: June 2023

Organology is a discipline that focuses on the structural characteristics and functions of musical instruments. Through the science of organology, instruments provide profound insights into the diverse cultural elements they embody, thereby carrying traces not only of their role as intermediaries of music but also of historical significance.
The ultimate aim of this study is to elucidate the traces of intercultural exchange by leveraging the historical development of bowed string instruments, which have also permeated Turkish culture through the cultural interactions between different geographical regions. Through organology, the structure and materials of musical instruments can be elucidated, shedding light on the socio-cultural context in addition to the climatic and socio-economic conditions of various geographical regions. This discipline entails the classification of different musical instruments into general categories such as bowed string instruments, wind instruments, keyboard instruments, and percussion instruments, with a particular focus on the development of bowed string instruments in this study. Organological research examines the structural analysis of musical instruments, encompassing a comprehensive examination of the components, materials, dimensions, and shapes of an instrument. Moreover, organology delves into the functionality and playing techniques of musical instruments, investigating how an instrument is played, the techniques employed, and the sounds produced. This encompasses aspects such as correct playing positions, finger placements, breathing techniques, and bowing techniques.
Furthermore, organology delves into the historical development of musical instruments, investigating their origins, evolution, and variations across different cultures. Such research allows for a comprehensive understanding of the cultural, historical, and socio-cultural contexts surrounding musical instruments. By studying organology, we gain insights into the role of musical instruments in the past and present, trace cultural transformations, and preserve our musical heritage.
Maurıts Cornelıs Escher’in “Gece ve Gündüz” Adlı Eseri Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: Özcan Berna Özlem , Özer Ayhan
Published: June 2023

Maurits Cornelis Escher, "Gece ve Gündüz" adlı eseriyle sanat dünyasında çarpıcı bir etki yaratıyor. Bu eser, Escher'in karakteristik tarzını yansıtan karmaşık geometrik desenler ve optik illüzyonlarla doludur. İki boyutlu bir düzlemde gerçeklik algısını sorgulayan sanatçı, görsel çelişkilerle izleyiciyi etkilemeyi başarıyor. Escher, "Gece ve Gündüz" eserinde siyah ve beyaz renklerle kontrast oluştururken, geometrik şekiller ve figürler arasında karmaşık bir ilişki kuruyor. Tekrar eden  desenler, sonsuz döngüler ve tersine çevrilen formlar, eserin merkezi temasını oluşturur. İzleyici, bir yandan düzeni ve simetriyi takip ederken, diğer yandan çelişkili ve çift anlamlı bir dünyanın içine çekilir.
 
Escher'in ustalığı, görsel yanılsamalar yaratma becerisiyle birleşir. "Gece ve Gündüz"de, pozitif ve negatif alanların ustaca birleşimiyle oluşturulan motifler izleyicinin dikkatini çeker. Bu, sanatçının gerçeklik algısını bozan optik illüzyonlarını vurgulayan bir örnektir. "Gece ve Gündüz"ün temelinde, zıtlıkların bir araya gelerek uyum içinde var olabileceği fikri yatar. Escher, görsel bir paradoksla yalnızca estetik bir deneyim sunmakla kalmaz, aynı zamanda insan düşüncesinin karmaşıklığına da bir gönderme yapar. Sonuç olarak, "Gece ve Gündüz" Maurits Cornelis  Escher'in sanatsal dehasını ve sıra dışı bakış açısını sergileyen etkileyici bir eserdir. Bu resmin 600'den fazla baskısı yapılmış pek çok ülkede sergilenmiştir. Türk sanat izleyicilerinin mutlaka yakından görmesi ve detaylarını incelemesi, gereken önemli bir eser olduğunu belirtmek gerekir.
Yaratıcı İşbirliği: Yapay Zekânın Sanatla Buluşması
Authors: Güngen Zafer
Published: June 2023

Yapay zekâ teknolojileri ile birlikte, sanat üretimi açısından yeni bir döneme girilmiştir. Yapay zeka algoritmaları, eserlerin oluşturulmasında ve yeniden yaratılmasında kullanılmakta ve sanatçılara yaratıcı süreçlerinde yardımcı olmaktadır. Dijital sanat, sanatçıların bilgisayar tabanlı programlar ve yazılımlar aracılığıyla yenilikçi eserler yaratmasını sağlamaktadır. Sanal gerçeklik ve artırılmış gerçeklik gibi teknolojiler de sanatçılara etkileşimli sanat deneyimleri sunmaktadır. Sanatçıların yaratıcılık sınırları genişletmekte ve yeni bir sanatsal dili ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu yaratıcı işbirliği, sanat dünyasının daha da ileriye gitmesini sağlayabilir.
Sanatçılar ve yapay zekâ arasındaki buluşma, elbette yeni bir yaratıcı potansiyel ortaya çıkarmıştır. Ancak, yapay zekânın sanatla olan ilişkisi, hem olumlu hem de olumsuz yönleriyle tartışma konusu olmuştur. Sanatçılar, bilgisayar tabanlı programlar ve yapay zekâ algoritmaları kullanarak dijital ortamlarda yenilikçi eserler yaratabilmektedir. Sanal gerçeklik ve artırılmış gerçeklik gibi teknolojiler, izleyicilere etkileşimli bir deneysel sanat edimi sunar. Bu, sanatın erişilebilirliğini artırır ve izleyicilerle daha yakın bir etkileşim sağlar. Bununla birlikte, yapay zekânın sanatla buluşması bazı endişeleri de beraberinde getirmiştir. Yapay zekânın, sanatın özgünlüğünü ve insan dokunuşunu azaltabileceği endişesi sıklıkla dile getirilmektedir. Yapay zekâ tarafından üretilen eserler, bazen sanatçının kişisel ifadesini ve yaratıcılığını gölgede bırakabilir. Ayrıca, yapay zekâ algoritmalarının önyargıları ve kısıtlamaları da eserlere yansıyabilir, bu da sanatın çeşitliliğini ve özgünlüğünü tehlikeye atabilir.
Sanatçılar ve yapay zekâ geliştiricileri, bu yeni işbirliğiyle ilgili etik ve estetik sorunları ele almak için birlikte çalışmalıdır. Aynı zamanda, yapay zekânın sanat alanında yarattığı yeni olanaklar ve yaratıcılığın sınırlarını genişletme potansiyeli de göz ardı edilmemelidir. Bu konu, sanatçılar, yapay zekâ geliştiricileri ve izleyiciler arasında derinlemesine bir tartışma ve keşif sürecini gerektirmektedir. Yapay zekânın sanat alanında nasıl kullanılacağına dair etik ve estetik normların belirlenmesi, sanatın geleceği için önemli bir adımdır.
Osmanlı Saray Dokumalarında Kullanılan Doğal Boyalar ve Özellikleri
Authors: Torgan Güzel Emine
Published: June 2023

Antik çağlardan beri insan, kendisini ve çevresini süsleyecek malzemeleri arayış içinde olmuş, renklendirici malzemeler her zaman ilgisini çekmiştir. Bu malzemeleri önce toprak minerallerinden elde etmiş ve devamında doğadaki bitki, hayvan, mantar, vb. gibi doğal ürünlerden elde ettikleri organik boyaları kullanmıştır. Dokumada yetenekleri gelişir gelişmez ise doğal boyaları ve boyama tekniklerini geliştirmiştir. Önceleri tek renkli ürünler elde ederken, daha sonraları birden fazla rengi bir ürün üzerinde ahenk içinde kullanmayı başarmıştır.
Osmanlı saray kumaşlarında ihtişam ve gücün temsili olan kaftanlardan düz kumaşlara, altınlı ve gümüşlü entarilerden çuhalara kadar çoğu elbise ve kumaşın doğal boyalar kullanılarak renklendirildiği bilinmektedir. Osmanlı’nın kullandığı boyalar ve boyama endüstrisi, babadan oğula geçerek bir devamlılık sağlanmıştır. Günümüzde dahi müze koleksiyonlarında görülen ve büyük bir öneme sahip olan Osmanlı saray dokumalarındaki renklerin çoğunluğu hala canlılığını korumaktadır.
Osmanlı saray dokumalarında doğal boyalar denilince ilk akla gelen hayvansal doğal boya kaynakları olmuştur ve bu boyalar dişi böcek kökenli hayvanlardan elde edilmiştir. Böcek kökenli boyalardan elde edilen renk birbiriyle neredeyse aynı olup, özellikle padişah ve şehzade kaftanlarındaki zemin rengini oluşturmuştur. Hayvansal kökenli boyaların yanında Osmanlı boyacılar çeşitli renkler elde ettiği bitkisel boyaları da kullanmıştır. Bazen hem bitkisel hem de hayvansal boya kaynaklarını bir araya getirerek çeşitli renk ve renk tonlarını elde etmiştir. Burada Anadolu’nun zengin bitki çeşitliliğine sahip olmasının etkisi oldukça fazladır.
Bu araştırmada, geçmişten Osmanlılara kadar olan doğal boyama süreci kısa bir şekilde ele alındıktan sonra Osmanlı boya ve boyama endüstrisi hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Daha sonra ise Osmanlı saray dokumalarını renklendiren başlıca bitkisel ve hayvansal doğal boyalar, özellikleri ve içerdiği etken boyarmaddeler incelenmiştir.
The Renuclearization of Europe and The Limits of History
Authors: Thies Tim , Kühn Ulrich
Published: June 2023

As NATO calibrates its response to increased Russian reliance on nuclear weapons for regional deterrence, references to the 1979 Dual Track decision as a blueprint for policies today have become in vogue. However, calls to compete to negotiate do not fully appreciate the risks of such a strategy for alliance cohesion. They also fail to acknowledge crucial factors that helped bring about the INF Treaty and that are absent today. A closer look at the origins of the INF Treaty reveals the important role of then-U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, who seized an opportunity to push through their ambitious arms control agendas even against considerable resistance in Moscow as well as Washington and NATO capitals. Expectations that U.S. President Biden would have the political capital and Russian President Putin the willingness to conclude a similar agreement today are misplaced. Moreover, in the history of the Cold War, weapons deployments meant to counter adversary capabilities have more often remained unchecked than they were negotiated away. Rather than trying to match Russia’s non-strategic capabilities or limited nuclear options, NATO should seek to focus on its conventional deterrence and defense in ways that minimize firststrike incentives and hedge against uncertainties about America’s commitment to Europe after the 2024 elections.
The Importance of the Judiciary for the European Integration of EU Candidate Countries: The Case of Albania
Authors: Rado Klodian
Published: June 2023

All Western Balkan countries currently holding the EU Candidate Country status, namely, Albania, Montenegro, FYROM, Serbia, and hopefully in the near future Kosovo, are in a critical stage of the EU integration. From their institutions are required serious reforms, and some of these reforms are necessary for almost all the of above countries. The focus of this paper is Albania. After the approval of the EU Candidate Country status, each branch of the Albanian government is now facing new legal challenges. However, at this stage, particularly after the vetting process, the central role passes to the judiciary, which should and could turn into a real “engine” of the EU integration. The new role of the Albanian judiciary for the EU integration should primary be understood and recognized by judges themselves, as well as academics and the public. Judges in particular, should know what instruments are available there, in order to best perform their new task. This paper initially aims to clarify the new role of the Albanian judiciary, as the “engine” of the EU integration, in order to raise awareness not just to judges, but also to academics and the public. Then, it will present what practical instruments can and must be used by the Albanian judiciary in order to best achieve the required EU integration. Examples of such instruments are: the preliminary ruling; principle of supremacy; principle of direct effect; principle of indirect effect; and most importantly, EU remedies in national courts. The paper will analyze each of these instruments and will display precisely how Albanian courts can use them in favor of their citizens, and for achieving higher EU integration. In conclusion, the article suggests that although significant constitutional and legal reforms are needed, the existing constitutional and legal framework of Albania allows the judiciary to perform its new role as the “engine” of the EU integration.
Uso de adubos de liberação lenta no crescimento inicial de clones de eucalipto
Authors: Cunha Fernanda Leite , Nieri Erick Martins , Dias Manuela Gonzaga , Melo Lucas Amaral de , Venturin Nelson
Published: June 2023

O manejo de nutrientes em plantios de eucalipto é uma prática fundamental. Dessa forma, muitos esforços são realizados para otimizar o uso dos nutrientes pelas plantas. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se avaliar as doses adequadas do adubo de liberação lenta (ALL), em comparação à aplicação de superfosfato simples (SPS) na adubação de base (AB) e o seu impacto sobre a necessidade de adubação de cobertura (AC) em mudas de um híbrido de eucalipto, cultivadas em vaso. O experimento foi disposto em delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 6x3, em que o primeiro fator corresponde a seis doses de AB (0, 50, 75, 100, 125% de P) de ALL e 100% para P, de superfosfato simples (SPS). O segundo fator correspondeu a três aplicações de AC (0, 1 e 2 parcelas de KCl e NH4NH3). As doses de N, P, K foram baseadas na recomendação de adubação em vasos de 300, 100 e 100 mg dm-³, respectivamente. Avaliaram-se, aos 120 dias, a altura (H), o diâmetro do colo, a área foliar (AF), o número de folhas (NF) e as massas secas da planta. Ademais, calcularam-se as doses de máxima eficiência técnica (DMET). As médias obtidas pela AB via ALL, de todas as variáveis, foram superiores ao SPS. Em relação à H, recomenda-se o uso de uma AC, com DMET de 252,56 mg dm-³, de P, por ter obtido crescimento semelhante ao SPS. Para as demais variáveis, DMET, para a AB, variou de 236,52 a 327 mg dm-³, de P. Já em relação à AC, o D, NF e a massa seca aérea não apresentaram diferenças significativas, o que evidencia a qualidade do fertilizante em suprir os nutrientes fornecidos na AC, possibilitando sua redução. Assim, a DMET indicada para plantios da espécie é 100 % ALL, garantindo crescimento inicial satisfatório e uso de apenas uma AC.
Considering factors that influence entrepreneurship intention: perception of business opportunity, perception of business ability and fear of failure
Authors:   University of Finance and Marketing, Lâm Ngọc Thuỳ , Nguyễn Thị Hồng Hoa
Published: June 2023

The objective of this study is to present the research results on the entrepreneurial intention of adults. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to test the theories of a sample about 309 adults in Ho Chi Minh City from October 14 to October 30, 2022. The results of the study show that there are three factors directly affecting entrepreneurial intention: the perception of business opportunity has the highest influence with 48.8%. Next is the fear of failure when starting a business, with 23.9% and the perception of business ability accounted for 17.7% of the influence on the entrepreneurial intention of adults. Along with that, the results also acknowledge two factors have an indirect impact on the intention to start a business: social-cultural, and entrepreneurial competence. From the research results, the authors propose some recommendations to (1) improve the awareness of business opportunities and the awareness of entrepreneurship to support start-ups such as building training programs, business skills, and the ability to operate business activities for people; and (2) reducing the fear of failure when starting a business by improving the business environment and establishing a tectonic government, restoring business confidence gradually.
The impact of logistics on the export of Vietnamese enterprises during the Covid-19 period
Authors:   Banking Academy of Vietnam, Lương Văn Đạt , Đoàn Ngọc Thắng , Nguyễn Thị Cẩm Thủy , Đỗ Phú Đông , Vũ Thùy Linh
Published: June 2023

his paper investigates the relationship between delay in international/domestic logistics and export reduction by using unique data from Vietnamese manufacturing firms obtained from the Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry (VCCI) when conducting a survey on the situation of digital transformation at enterprises in the context of the Covid-19 epidemic in July-August 2020 (VCCI, 2020). An export reduction is a partial de-internationalization in which firms decrease overseas sales. Estimation results from the instrumental variable probit method show that if enterprises have troubles with international/ domestic logistics, reduction of exports becomes more severe. This result is more evident for small and medium enterprises and FDI enterprises. The Vietnamese government should identify logistics as an important service sector in the overall structure of the national economy, and introduce comprehensive measures to support enterprises to prevent supply chain disruptions.
Saúde da Mulher - Edição X
Authors:   Guilherme Barroso Langoni de Freitas,   Ariádine Reder Custodio de Souza,   Grace Tomal
Published: June 2023

Dentre os diversos campos de conhecimento que englobam a área médica de saúde da mulher podemos destacar as abordagens ginecológicas, doenças autoimunes, hormonioterapia com seus riscos e benefícios, obstetrícia em seus assuntos mais delicados, os problemas psicológicos decorrentes de alterações fisiológicas ou ambientais. Pensando nisso, o corpo editorial da Editora Pasteur selecionou um conjunto de capítulos escritos com excelência sobre os temas supracitados. Com objetivo de disponibilizar maior conhecimento ao leitor e aumento da discussão sobre temas peculiares dessas pacientes tão especiais. Esperamos que a leitura seja agradável e instrutiva.
Incidental finding of a rare left atrial appendage anomaly: A case report
Authors: Sabzi Feridoun , Heydari Aghigh , Rouzbahani Mohammad , Asadmobini Atefeh
Published: June 2023

Introduction. Congenital hypoplasia of the left atrial appendage (LAA) with stenotic ostium in an abnormal position is an extremely rare entity. We report an exceptional case of hypoplastic LAA with ostial stenosis in an abnormal location in the patient with mitral valve stenosis that was mistaken in the transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for an intraluminal thrombus. Case report. A 43-year-old woman was admitted to our center with dyspnea on exertion. TEE revealed the presence of severe mitral stenosis and clot in the LAA. The patient underwent open cardiac surgery by cardiopulmonary bypass. Intraoperative inspection of the left atrium revealed hypoplasia of the LAA with stenotic and slit-like ostium. There was also a malposition of the LAA that was placed in a paravalvular location. The ostium of the LAA was not round and wide but narrowed and slit-like. Conclusion. The authors believe that this anomaly may have some physiologic consequences in patients with mild structural failure. Indeed, this anomaly may aggravate the severity of structural failure by pressure burden on the atrial wall and valve.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes in diabetic and non-diabetic patients hospitalized for COVID-19: A multicenter cross-sectional study in Southwestern Iran
Authors: Ahmadi Mehrnaz , Zarei Javad , Hadianfard Ali , Moghadam Touba
Published: June 2023

Background. Diabetes is one of the most common diseases among hospitalized patients due to COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the clinical characteristics of diabetic and non-diabetic patients with COVID-19 that may lead to death. Methods. A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted among patients admitted to hospitals due to COVID-19. The data, including demographic data, symptoms and signs, underlying diseases, patient progress, and outcomes were obtained from 38 hospitals in the registry system of Khuzestan province (the southwest of Iran) between January 19, 2020 and March 8, 2021. The Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyze the data. Results. Data from 23,447 hospitalized patients due to COVID-19 were included in the study. Four thousand three hundred and forty participants (18.5%) with a mean age of 62 years had diabetes and 14.72% of them died. A multivariable Cox regression showed that the variables of age (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 2.65; 95% CI: 1.78-3.95; P < 0.001), sex (HR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.001 - 1.35; P = 0.049) and comorbidities such as cancer (HR = 1.89; 95% CI: 1.24 - 2.89; P = 0.003) and cardiovascular disease (HR = 1.2; 95% CI: 1.24 - 2.89; P = 0.032) were associated with mortality in diabetic patients with COVID-19. Conclusion. This study showed that COVID-19 mortality was higher in men, the elderly, and people with cardiovascular disease and cancer. Therefore, the management and prevention of COVID-19 in diabetic patients with these characteristics are vital.
Organizational-level analysis of the employees' compensation system in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Gašić Dimitrije , Berber Nemanja , Slavić Agneš
Published: June 2023

The purpose of the research is an analysis of the employee compensation system at the organizational level in the Republic of Serbia to determine the effects of the position of employees in the company, the size of the company, belonging to the private or public sector, headquarters, type, and belonging to the service or manufacturing sector. The sample was collected through an electronic Google Forms questionnaire, where respondents had the opportunity to answer two parts of the questionnaire, the first part related to organizational characteristics and the second part to questions about the assessment of the compensation system. A total of 1121 employees answered the questions, and after collected database performed by the authors, a non-parametric analysis was conducted using the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal Wallis test using the IBM SPSS statistics software program for data processing. The results indicate the existence of statistically significant differences in the level of application of the compensation system at the organizational level in the Republic of Serbia. Due to the insufficient number of papers on this topic, it can be said that this research represents a great contribution, but also a shortcoming due to the impossibility to compare with the author's research on this topic in the Republic of Serbia. The recommendation for future research refers to a larger number of respondents and the possibility of determining the impact on the working attitudes and behaviour of employees.
The importance and link of additive manufacturing with lean and sustainable manufacturing
Authors: Vorkapić Miloš , Popović Bogdan , Ćoćkalo Dragan , Bakator Mihalj , Stanisavljev Sanja
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a comparison of conventional and additive manufacturing was made. Lean and sustainable manufacturing from the point of view of waste were also analyzed. It was established that conventional manufacturing is slowly being replaced by additive manufacturing, but its role is still significant. Lean manufacturing indicates that waste is everywhere, i.e. at all organizational levels. Sustainable manufacturing analyzes new technologies and measures their impact on environmental protection with as little resource consumption as possible. The paper examined the importance of additive manufacturing in sustainable manufacturing by considering Lean principles. In conclusion, there is a flowchart of documents and activities that methodologically introduce additive manufacturing through respect for Lean principles and sustainable production. Savings in production time, launching new products, and quick replacement of parts have become imperative today, and further continuation of this work should be aimed at defining models and procedures in the company's sustainable development.
Correlation of levels of lactic acid and glucose in cerebrospinal fluid of cerebral hemorrhage patients with the occurrence of postoperative intracranial infection and clinical prognosis
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Yan , Wang Xiaotian , Zhao Yun
Published: June 2023

Background: Cerebral haemorrhage is a critical condition that often requires surgical treatment, and postoperative intracranial infection can significantly impact patient outcomes. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between the levels of lactic acid and glucose in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with cerebral haemorrhage and their postoperative intracranial infection and clinical prognosis. Methods: The study selected the clinical data of 324 patients with cerebral haemorrhage who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital from March 2020 to March 2022 for retrospective analysis and divided these patients into the intracranial infection group (Group A, n=22, leukocyte values in CSF>5×106/L) and the non-intracranial infection group (Group B, n=302, leukocyte values in CSF 5×106/L) according to the occurrence of postoperative intracranial infection in patients to detect the levels of lactic acid and glucose in CSF at different times in the two groups. Pearson method was adopted to analyze the correlation of the levels of lactic acid and glucose in CSF of patients with intracranial infection, and the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was used to assess the clinical prognosis of patients. According to their scores, these patients were divided into the good prognosis group (GPG, scores of 4-5 points, n=178) and the poor prognosis group (PPG, scores of 1-3 points, n=146). The levels of lactic acid and glucose in the CSF of patients in the two groups were measured, and the Pearson method was adopted to analyze the relationship between these levels and clinical prognosis. Results: Compared with Group B, Group A had markedly higher lactic acid levels in CSF of patients at T1, T2 and T3 (P<0.001) and notably lower glucose levels (P<0.001). Patients in the PPG had notably higher lactic acid levels in CSF at T1, T2 and T3 (P<0.001) and overtly lower glucose levels than those in the GPG (P<0.001). Pearsonžs correlation analysis results showed that lactic acid levels in the CSF of patients were positively correlated with leukocyte values but negatively correlated with glucose levels (P<0.05). The lactic acid levels in CSF were negatively correlated with GOS scores but positively correlated with glucose levels (P<0.05). Conclusion: The levels of lactic acid and glucose in CSF of patients with cerebral haemorrhage are correlated with postoperative intracranial infection and clinical prognosis, and the detection of the above indicators will help doctors better understand patientsž condition, thus providing a scientific basis for the formulation of clinical treatment plans.
A fuzzy-topsis decision-making model for selections of wetland technology for greywater treatment
Authors: Chikogu Ameso , Michelle Korkor , Amponsah Donkor , Dauda Ahmed , Stephen Jessey
Published: June 2023

The use of constructed wetlands for improving greywater treatment by improving nutrient removal at a lower cost than conventional methods has recently attracted renewed interest. The majority of these studies have predominantly pre-defined a wetland configuration for wastewater treatment, which introduces a lot of empiricism in decision-making. To address this problem, this study aims to develop a Decision Support System (DSS) for the selection, design, and optimization of constructed wetlands technologies (CWT) during greywater treatment. To evaluate WT for greywater treatment and determine which physic-chemical and microbial properties need to be treated. A multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) tool is used simultaneously with a conformity assessment. The DSS was developed after a thorough review of the literature on the design and implementation of various WT (HFWSF, HSSF, VSSF, and VFSF) and greywater characteristics using Microsoft Visual Studio 2010. This study is interesting in that, it integrates contextual data (wastewater characteristics) with WT removal efficiency characteristics to assist you in selecting the best WT. Typha domingensi and Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) were effective at removing contaminants when combined with HFWSF WT. After four-month of study, The HFWSF CWT treatment with hyacinth was found to be effective. for the HFWSF-CWT treatment with hyacinth, the removal efficiency of Faecal coliform, Total coliform, Oil and Grease, Ammonia, Total Phosphate, and COD. 78.46%, 74.33%, 73.08%, 69.23%, 25.29%, and 80% respectively. DSS decision on HFWSF-CWT DSS has demonstrated that it is a competently designed noval dashboard for choosing CWT for the treatment of greywater.