bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ERS/ELS/ACCP 2013 international consensus conference nomenclature on inducible laryngeal obstructions
Authors: Christensen Pernille M. , Heimdal John-Helge , Christopher Kent L. , Bucca Caterina , Cantarella Giovanna , Friedrich Gerhard , Halvorsen Thomas , Herth Felix , Jung Harald , Morris Michael J. , Remacle Marc , Rasmussen Niels , Wilson Janet A.
Published: September 2015

Individuals reporting episodes of breathing problems caused by re-occurring variable airflow obstructions in the larynx have been described in an increasing number of publications, with more than 40 different terms being used without consensus on definitions. This lack of an international consensus on nomenclature is a serious obstacle for the development of the area, as knowledge from different centres cannot be matched, pooled or readily utilised by others. Thus, an international Task Force has been created, led by the European Respiratory Society/European Laryngological Society/American College of Chest Physicians. This review describes the methods used to reach an international consensus on the subject and the resulting nomenclature, the 2013 international consensus conference nomenclature.
Developments in the management and treatment of pulmonary embolism
Authors: Limbrey Rachel , Howard Luke
Published: September 2015

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a serious and costly disease for patients and healthcare systems. Guidelines emphasise the importance of differentiating between patients who are at high risk of mortality (those with shock and/or hypotension), who may be candidates for thrombolytic therapy or surgery, and those with less severe presentations. Recent clinical studies and guidelines have focused particularly on risk stratification of intermediate-risk patients. Although the use of thrombolysis has been investigated in these patients, anticoagulation remains the standard treatment approach. Individual risk stratification directs initial treatment. Rates of recurrence differ between subgroups of patients with PE; therefore, a review of provoking factors, along with the risks of morbidity and bleeding, guides the duration of ongoing anticoagulation. The direct oral anticoagulants have shown similar efficacy and, in some cases, reduced major bleeding compared with standard approaches for acute treatment. They also offer the potential to reduce the burden on patients and outpatient services in the post-hospital phase. Rivaroxaban, dabigatran and apixaban have been shown to reduce the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolismversusplacebo, when given for >12 months. Patients receiving direct oral anticoagulants do not require regular coagulation monitoring, but follow-up, ideally in a specialist PE clinic in consultation with primary care providers, is recommended.
Informal caregivers of patients with COPD: Home Sweet Home?
Authors: Nakken Nienke , Janssen Daisy J.A. , van den Bogaart Esther H.A. , Wouters Emiel F.M. , Franssen Frits M.E. , Vercoulen Jan H. , Spruit Martijn A.
Published: September 2015

The burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on society is increasing. Healthcare systems should support patients with COPD in achieving an optimal quality of life, while limiting the costs of care. As a consequence, a shift from hospital care to home care seems inevitable. Therefore, patients will have to rely to a greater extent on informal caregivers. Patients with COPD as well as their informal caregivers are confronted with multiple limitations in activities of daily living. The presence of an informal caregiver is important to provide practical help and emotional support. However, caregivers can be overprotective, which can make patients more dependent. Informal caregiving may lead to symptoms of anxiety, depression, social isolation and a changed relationship with the patient. The caregivers' subjective burden is a major determinant of the impact of caregiving. Therefore, the caregiver's perception of the patient's health is an important factor. This article reviews the current knowledge about these informal caregivers of patients with COPD, the impact of COPD on their lives and their perception of the patient's health status.
The heterogeneity of lung macrophages in the susceptibility to disease
Authors: Morales-Nebreda Luisa , Misharin Alexander V. , Perlman Harris , Budinger G.R. Scott
Published: September 2015

Alveolar macrophages are specialised resident phagocytes in the alveolus, constituting the first line of immune cellular defence in the lung. As the lung microenvironment is challenged and remodelled by inhaled pathogens and air particles, so is the alveolar macrophage pool altered by signals that maintain and/or replace its composition. The signals that induce the recruitment of circulating monocytes to the injured lung, as well as their distinct gene expression profile and susceptibility to epigenetic reprogramming by the local environment remain unclear. In this review, we summarise the unique characteristics of the alveolar macrophage pool ontogeny, phenotypic heterogeneity and plasticity during homeostasis, tissue injury and normal ageing. We also discuss new evidence arising from recent studies where investigators described how the epigenetic landscape drives the specific gene expression profile of alveolar macrophages. Altogether, new analysis of macrophages by means of “omic” technologies will allow us to identify key pathways by which these cells contribute to the development and resolution of lung disease in both mice and humans.
Impact of a cis-associated gene expression SNP
on chromosome 20q11.22 on bipolar disorder susceptibility, hippocampal
structure and cognitive performance
Authors: Li Ming , Luo Xiong-jian , Landén Mikael , Bergen Sarah E. , Hultman Christina M. , Li Xiao , Zhang Wen , Yao Yong-Gang , Zhang Chen , Liu Jiewei , Mattheisen Manuel , Cichon Sven , Mühleisen Thomas W. , Degenhardt Franziska A. , Nöthen Markus M. , Schulze Thomas G. , Grigoroiu-Serbanescu Maria , Li Hao , Fuller Chris K. , Chen Chunhui , Dong Qi , Chen Chuansheng , Jamain Stéphane , Leboyer Marion , Bellivier Frank , Etain Bruno , Kahn Jean-Pierre , Henry Chantal , Preisig Martin , Kutalik Zoltán , Castelao Enrique , Wright Adam , Mitchell Philip B. , Fullerton Janice M. , Schofield Peter R. , Montgomery Grant W. , Medland Sarah E. , Gordon Scott D. , Martin Nicholas G. ,   MooDS Consortium,   The Swedish Bipolar Study Group, Rietschel Marcella , Liu Chunyu , Kleinman Joel E. , Hyde Thomas M. , Weinberger Daniel R. , Su Bing
Published: September 2015

Background

Bipolar disorder is a highly heritable polygenic disorder. Recent
enrichment analyses suggest that there may be true risk variants for
bipolar disorder in the expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) in the
brain.

Aims

We sought to assess the impact of eQTL variants on bipolar disorder risk
by combining data from both bipolar disorder genome-wide association
studies (GWAS) and brain eQTL.

Method

To detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that influence
expression levels of genes associated with bipolar disorder, we jointly
analysed data from a bipolar disorder GWAS (7481 cases and 9250 controls)
and a genome-wide brain (cortical) eQTL (193 healthy controls) using a
Bayesian statistical method, with independent follow-up replications. The
identified risk SNP was then further tested for association with
hippocampal volume (n = 5775) and cognitive performance
(n = 342) among healthy individuals.

Results

Integrative analysis revealed a significant association between a brain
eQTL rs6088662 on chromosome 20q11.22 and bipolar disorder (log Bayes
factor = 5.48; bipolar disorder P =
5.85×10–5). Follow-up studies across multiple independent
samples confirmed the association of the risk SNP (rs6088662) with gene
expression and bipolar disorder susceptibility (P =
3.54×10–8). Further exploratory analysis revealed that
rs6088662 is also associated with hippocampal volume and cognitive
performance in healthy individuals.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that 20q11.22 is likely a risk region for bipolar
disorder; they also highlight the informative value of integrating
functional annotation of genetic variants for gene expression in
advancing our understanding of the biological basis underlying complex
disorders, such as bipolar disorder.
Italy and the Euro: Expectations versus Results
Authors: Giurlando Philip
Published: September 2015

The adoption of the euro was a significant event for Italy. There were expectations that the currency would transform the country's political economy, but this did not transpire. This, coupled with the belief that the euro “doubled” prices across the country, led to a widespread disappointment toward the new currency. In addition, the eurozone crisis that started in 2010 led to the formation of a technocratic government led by Mario Monti, who was also received with large expectations that were subsequently not met, which further increased disillusionment. Disillusionment is partially the result of the fact that many of the narratives through which the currency was sold to the public did not correspond with its substantive content. What is more, these narratives were not conducive to some of the reforms that were and are necessary for Italy to become competitive.
Human Development in the Arab Spring: Morocco's Efforts to Shape Its Global Future
Authors: Ben-Meir Yossef
Published: September 2015

This essay provides programmatic and administrative recommendations for the effective building of civil, governmental, and private capabilities to help implement human development driven by local communities in Morocco in light of the Arab Spring. The essay relates a human development model rooted in decentralization to situations with powerful regional implications: in Iraq, Palestine, and the Western (Moroccan) Sahara. The engine for sustainable human development depends on local communities and neighborhoods identifying, planning, and implementing the socioeconomic and environmental projects they most need. Morocco has created a number of essential national frameworks for promoting such development, but their implementation is inadequate due to a lack of financing, of effective training, and of the application of methods that promote communal dialogue and democratic planning. Human development is examined in the context of free trade, with particular attention paid to rural areas, where most poverty is concentrated.
Rapid Determination of Alkalinity (Ammonia Content) in Para Rubber Latex Using Portable and Fourier Transform-Near Infrared Spectrometers
Authors: Narongwongwattana Sureeporn , Rittiron Ronnarit , Hock Lim Chin
Published: September 2015

Ammonia (NH3) is the main preservative that is added to field and concentrated latices to prevent the deterioration of properties and, in serious cases, coagulation of latex. Almost all factories monitor NH3 content or alkalinity during processing, as it is an important parameter for trading purposes. Alkalinity is determined by the standard analytical method, acid-based titration, as detailed in ISO 125:2011(E) Natural Rubber Latex Concentrate – Determination of Alkalinity. This method requires a skilled analyst and also the use of chemicals. In addition, the titration involves the subjective determination of the end-point, which may vary with each analyst. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, a rapid, non-chemical and repeatable method, was used in this work. Calibration equations for predicting alkalinity were constructed from the relationship between the absorbance spectra of latex (measured using a portable NIR and a Fourier transform (FT)-NIR spectrometer) and the alkalinity content of the latex. It was found that the best equation obtained using the portable and the FT-NIR spectrometer could be used to predict alkalinity in latex with a coefficient of determination, standard error of prediction and ratio of standard error of validation to the standard deviation of 0.63, 0.101% and 1.62, and 0.97, 0.027% and 6.07, respectively. From the statistics testing for performance measurement as detailed in ISO12099:2010, NIR-predicted values were no different from actual values at the 95% confident interval. Moreover, the best equation obtained from the more reliable calibration achieved using the FT-NIR spectrometer is attributed to the longer wavelength range.
High Frequency Haplotypes are Expected Events, not Historical Figures
Authors: Guillot Elsa G. , Cox Murray P.
Published: September 2015

Cultural transmission of reproductive success states that successful men have more children and pass this raised fecundity to their offspring. Balaresque and colleagues found high frequency haplotypes in a Central Asian Y chromosome dataset, which they attribute to cultural transmission of reproductive success by prominent historical men, including Genghis Khan. Using coalescent simulation, we show that these high frequency haplotypes are consistent with a neutral model, where they commonly appear simply by chance. Hence, explanations invoking cultural transmission of reproductive success are statistically unnecessary.
Lectotypification of ten taxa in Andryala (Asteraceae)
Authors: Ferreira Maria Zita , Fernández Inés Álvarez , de Sequeira Miguel Menezes
Published: September 2015

In this paper ten names in Andryala are lectotypified. All are either accepted species or subspecies names in a forthcoming taxonomic revision of the genus.
Phylogenetic relationships among Dorema, Ferula and Leutea (Apiaceae: Scandiceae: Ferulinae) inferred from nrDNA ITS and cpDNA noncoding sequences
Authors: Panahi Mehrnoush , Banasiak Łukasz , Piwczyński Marcin , Puchałka Radosław , Oskolski Alexei A. , Spalik Krzysztof
Published: September 2015

Dorema, Ferula and Leutea are genera of Apiaceae tribe Scandiceae, subtribe Ferulinae. Their placement in Scandiceae was established based only on nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (nrDNA ITS) sequence variation. Previous molecular studies suggested that Dorema and Leutea are nested within Ferula. To confirm relationships and eventual nomenclatural changes, we increased taxonomic sampling and examined nrDNA ITS and three noncoding cpDNA markers: rpoB‐trnC intergenic spacer and rps16 and rpoC1 introns. Ninety‐one species were included representing 68 species of Ferula, 6 species of Dorema, 9 species of Leutea and 8 outgroup taxa. Nuclear and plastid DNA data were analysed separately and combined using maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches; based on the set of Bayesian trees several topological hypotheses on relationships among these genera were tested. As nrDNA and cpDNA gene trees differed somewhat, the degree of topological conflict was assessed using internode certainty (IC) and tree certainty (TC) measures calculated from ML bootstrap analyses. In all analyses, Leutea was monophyletic. In nrDNA trees it was nested within Ferula (with low support), while in cpDNA it was sister to the Ferula + Dorema clade. In all analyses, Dorema species were placed in one subclade of Ferula and intermingled with its members. IC support for the sister position of Leutea to remaining Ferulinae and the TC support were higher in combined analyses than in the analyses of cpDNA data alone, indicating that the gene trees are not significantly different with respect to this internode. Our results do not contradict the taxonomic position of Leutea as a separate genus but suggest that Dorema should be subsumed within Ferula.
Methods of Preschoolers’ Coherent Speech Development Through Fairy-Tales
Authors: Иванова  , Ivanova O.
Published: September 2015

The article considers the methods of development of preschoolers’ coherent

speech through Fairy-tales using maps V.Ja. Propp and Theory of inventive

problem solving (TIPS)-technology.
The Effective Method of Memorizing, Saving фnd Reproducing Information in Teaching Process of Preschool Age Children
Authors: Головятенко  , Golovyatenko Tatyana
Published: September 2015

The article devoted to the innovative technique of developing coherent

speech in senior pre-school age – mnemotechnics providing effective

memorization, preservation and reproduction of the information through the

formation of associations (links).
Geobranding in the tourism industry
Authors: Арпентьева Мариям , Arpenteva Mariyam
Published: September 2015

The article is devoted to theoretical issues of branding and re-branding of territories as a component of the development of the tourism industry. The origin and development of studies of the branding and destination marketing at tourism as a holistic system of Sciences about tourism and tourist activities are examined. The concepts of definitions «place branding» and «marketing of territories» and the relationship between them are analyzed. The author notes that the re-branding of territories and foresight designing of tourism are important components of modern tourism. Geobranding as an activity involves several components: the development and implementation of program changes and property promotion, investment attraction, tourists, the restructuring of relations between the population and institutions of the territory, the organization and transformation of the communications site and its representatives with representatives of other regions. Branding is considered as a procedure to establish lasting and profound positive relations of the region with other regions on the base of exclusivity and productivity. To achieve these goals, branding involves analyze of the characteristics of the region in diachronic and synchronic perspectives, in the past, future and present, in the lives of different layers and strata of the region, the various sectors and clusters. It is proposed to distinguish the archetypal (the conceptualization and development of the basic archetypes of the territory) and narrative (understanding and develop stories) branding. Special attention is given to event branding, its role in the actualization of the other components of branding, as well as the ratio of the purposes of branding and identity of the territories and population. The stages, dimensions, features, problems and prospects of rebranding and branding within the scientific tourism and tourism practices are examined.
Inter-regional collaboration as the factor of educational tourism development in Yaroslavl region
Authors: Гусейнова Алена , Guseynova Alena , Морозова Вера , Morozova Vera
Published: September 2015

Educational tourism is the one of promising way in Yaroslavl region, which has important task - inter-regional tourism organization. This can be achieved through the development and implementation of the project of patriotic tourist local-history expedition which named « Russia is my Motherland», which supposes collaboration between federal regions. Nowadays two regions take part in this project: Yaroslavl and Vologda regions, which represents projects of expeditions «Yaroslavia is my Motherland» and «Vologodchina is my Motherland». «Infant-Junior Centre of Tourism and Expeditions» and «Regional Centre of Child Additional Education» organize those expeditions.

The main features, similarities and differences, possible ways of development and expedition participant quantity are considered in the article. The article includes fundamental requirements of expedition organization, sample of electronic registration, fundamental competitions and summarizing form. According expedition participant catalogue, fundamental expedition thematic parts are marked out. Further main ways of project development are considered through the experience of patriotic tourism local-history expedition «Yaroslavia is my motherland». The experience of quest game organization for attraction many students and pupils to project is shown in photos. In addition data of participant quantity dynamics is included in the article. The experience of municipal expedition «My Poshehon land» is considered. Finally main target of expedition «Russia is my Motherland» as a decision of the important tasks of educational tourism - development of inter-regional collaboration - is underlined.
Event as a unique tool of tourism development (experience of Belgorod region)
Authors: Вишневская Екатерина , Vishnevskaya Ekaterina , Климова Татьяна , Klimova Tatyana , Стенюшкина Светлана , Stenyushkina Svetlana
Published: September 2015

The article discusses the significance of the events in the development of the tourism industry and in the formation of the image of the regions. It is noted that the regional tourism authorities in the search for new forms of PR-activity are beginning to use the possibility of the development of event tourism. The Belgorod region is no exception. Event tourism in the Belgorod region is in its infancy. The article highlights the most important events taking place in the territory of the Belgorod region. Despite the apparent activity in this area, a lot of the activities that take place in the regions of our country can hardly be attributed to the field of event tourism. For the most part, it this local events that do not have good policies to promote them, often missing factor of the cyclicity and regularity of their carrying out, not always takes place getting revenue and efficiency of their organization. A lot of events are not generating the tourist flow, because focused on the inhabitants of the territory, rather than tourists. In order to these activities moved into the category of event and would attract tourists to the region, it is necessary to consolidate the efforts of specialists in various spheres, including the sphere of public communication, culture, tourism, regional authorities to solution the urgent tasks of development of event tourism and creating a positive image of Russian regions. The result of this interaction must be not just the festival events but new event tourism products, which will create effect of immersion of tourists in the atmosphere of celebration and will be the points of tourist attraction. With the right approach to the organization of event tourism products successfully solves the problem of socio-cultural formation of the image of the region, not only domestically, but also abroad, and as a consequence, increases the tourist flow and the financial inflow of participants of the tourist market.
Práticas pessoais e profissionais de promoção da atividade física em agentes comunitários de saúde
Authors: Santos Taynã , Guerra Paulo , Andrade Douglas , Florindo Alex
Published: September 2015

Os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) são profissionais importantes na promoção da atividade física (AF) no Sistema Único de Saúde. No entanto, poucos estudos têm investigado o nível de AF e práticas profissionais de ACS na promoção da AF. Por este motivo, a pesquisa objetiva verificar a relação entre práticas profissionais de promoção da AF com o nível de AF em um grupo de ACS trabalhadores de uma unidade de saúde da zona leste da cidade de São Paulo. Estudo realizado com 30 ACS sobre nível de AF (questionário e pedômetro) e as práticas profissionais para a promoção da AF sobre recomendação e participação em grupos de AF oferecidos para usuários da UBS. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e análises de diferenças de médias por meio do teste t de Student para amostras independentes no software SPSS (versão 15.0). Como resultado a maioria das ACS não praticava pelo menos 150 minutos de AF no lazer e não atingiu a recomendação de pelo menos 10 mil passos diários de caminhada. Quanto à prática profissional 51,9% relataram recomendar AF para os usuários há pelo menos seis meses e 53,6% relataram liderar ou participar de grupos de AF para usuários. As ACS que recomendavam AF para os usuários tiveram maior média de passos diários de caminhada (p=0,039) em comparação com as que não recomendavam. A prática profissional de aconselhamento teve associação com a prática de AF neste grupo, demonstrando a importância de incentivar a promoção da AF para os trabalhadores da área da saúde.
Monitoramento do Programa Academia das Cidades e da Saúde: a experiência de Pernambuco
Authors: Lemos Emmanuelly , Paes Isabella , Abath Marcella , Brainer Mateus , Lima Joana
Published: September 2015

O objetivo deste manuscrito é descrever o processo de implantação do monitoramento do Programa Academia das Cidades e da Saúde no Estado de Pernambuco e os principais resultados alcançados com esse processo. Trata-se de um relato de experiência sobre a implantação do monitoramento do Programa Academia das Cidades e da Saúde, no período de outubro de 2012 a dezembro de 2013. Os resultados alcançados foram à construção intersetorial do monitoramento mensal dos polos nos municípios, com definição de instrumento para coletar os dados e estabelecimento de rotina e fluxo do processo de trabalho, a produção de um documento oficial para compartilhar as experiências entre os municípios do Estado e fortalecimento e aproximação das relações entre os entes federativos. A implantação do monitoramento dos Programas favoreceu a intersetorialidade, fortalece o vínculo com os municípios e a corresponsabilidade e cogestão entre as secretarias envolvidas e os municípios. 
Milking the Quality Test: Improving the Milk Supply Chain Under Competing Collection Intermediaries
Authors: Mu Liying , Dawande Milind , Geng Xianjun , Mookerjee Vijay
Published: September 2015

We examine operational and incentive issues that conspire to reduce the quality of milk—via deliberate adulteration by milk farmers—acquired by competing collection intermediaries in developing countries. Broadly speaking, three main forces in the milk supply chain lead to the low quality of milk: high testing costs, harmful competition among stations, and free-riding among farmers. The goal of this study is to provide recommendations that address the quality problem with minimal testing. Interestingly, some intuitive interventions—such as providing stations with better infrastructure (e.g., storage and refrigeration facilities) or subsidizing testing costs—could hurt the quality of milk in the presence of competition. To save testing costs we utilize mixed testing, where the milk combined from multiple farmers is tested once. However, mixed testing makes the system vulnerable to free-riding among farmers. We counter free-riding by applying a credible threat of individual testing (although not its actual use in equilibrium). We then propose two interventions to combat the harmful competition among stations. The novelty of our proposals lies in utilizing the force of competition to solve a problem created by competition. The incentives in our proposals provide a new tool for the stations to compete and convert the harmful effect of competition (quality reduction) into a beneficial one (quality improvement), resulting in a socially desirable equilibrium outcome: all the farmers provide high-quality milk and each competing station conducts only one mixed test and no further testing.

This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Predicting early clinical function after hip or knee arthroplasty
Authors: Poitras S. , Wood K. S. , Savard J. , Dervin G. F. , Beaule P. E.
Published: September 2015

Objectives

Patient function after arthroplasty should ideally quickly improve. It is not known which peri-operative function assessments predict length of stay (LOS) and short-term functional recovery. The objective of this study was to identify peri-operative functions assessments predictive of hospital LOS and short-term function after hospital discharge in hip or knee arthroplasty patients.

Methods

In total, 108 patients were assessed peri-operatively with the timed-up-and-go (TUG), Iowa level of assistance scale, post-operative quality of recovery scale, readiness for hospital discharge scale, and the Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). The older Americans resources and services activities of daily living (ADL) questionnaire (OARS) was used to assess function two weeks after discharge.

Results

Following multiple regressions, the pre- and post-operative day two TUG was significantly associated with LOS and OARS score, while the pre-operative WOMAC function subscale was associated with the OARS score. Pre-operatively, a cut-off TUG time of 11.7 seconds for LOS and 10.3 seconds for short-term recovery yielded the highest sensitivity and specificity, while a cut-off WOMAC function score of 48.5/100 yielded the highest sensitivity and specificity. Post-operatively, a cut-off day two TUG time of 31.5 seconds for LOS and 30.9 seconds for short-term function yielded the highest sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusions

The pre- and post-operative day two TUG can indicate hospital LOS and short-term functional capacities, while the pre-operative WOMAC function subscale can indicate short-term functional capacities. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2015;4:145–151.
Bisphosphonate and Implant Dentistry – is it Safe?
Authors: Thirunavukarasu Ananthi , Pinto Hugo Grancho , Seymour Kevin Guy
Published: September 2015

Bisphosphonates are a group of drugs that are commonly used to alter bone metabolism in order to prevent bone loss in diseases such as osteoporosis and bone cancers. Unfortunately, the use of bisphosphonates has been associated with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws. The debate as to whether it is wise to consider implant therapy in patients being treated with bisphosphonate therapy remains a grey area. This review will present the latest evidence and guidelines available on bisphosphonates and their possible effects on implant dentistry. The risk factors, co-morbidities, clinical presentation and findings from various imaging modalities for bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws are highlighted. The management of patients being treated with bisphosphonates, in whom dental implants might be considered or have already been placed, will also be discussed. Finally, the areas requiring future research are considered.
Patients’ Priorities and Attitudes towards their Temporomandibular Disorders
Authors: Kelleher Martin , Ray-Chaudhuri Arijit , Khawaja Noman
Published: September 2015

The diagnosis and appropriate management of temporo-mandibular disorders (TMDs) remains controversial. Current scientific evidence highlights the importance of psychosocial factors in sufferers and the reducing emphasis on occlusal or dental/prosthetic factors. This paper describes the findings of a survey of 211 patients reporting pain from their temporo-mandibular joint area and associated structures. This article offers busy primary dental care practitioners a cost effective questionnaire for obtaining relevant information from patients about the history of their condition and highlights what patients hope to achieve through the management of their disorder. It also emphasises the importance of communicating effectively with patients and offers practical tips for the management of TMDs in primary care.
Credibility and Confidence in Your Dental Laboratory Work – How Quality Assurance Systems Can be Used in the Manufacturing of Individual Custom-Made Dental Devices
Authors: Griffin Anthony
Published: September 2015

Manufacturing of custom-made dental devices such as removable dentures, fixed prosthodontics and orthodontics are subject to the requirements of the Medical Devices Directive (MDD). Many dental laboratories often enhance these requirements by implementing quality assurance procedures that then provide enhanced consistency. This paper provided a personal view of some of the systems currently being used in dental laboratories to provide a quality assured product and associated issues.
Electricity market reform: so what’s new?
Authors: Toke David , Baker Keith
Published: September 2015

The British government has restructured Britain’s electricity markets through a programme of electricity market reform (EMR). Energy security and climate change mitigation are public goods that are prioritised. Cultural theory (CT) is used to explain changes in the regulatory regime under EMR. EMR involves an incomplete shift from ‘individualist’ to ‘hierarchical’ frames of regulation. Conflicts between these frames hamper the institutional design of EMR. This has obstructed deployment of nuclear power. Policymakers must fit the cultural framing to suit their preferred public good and not expect a defined public good to emerge from a preferred mix of cultural bias.
The politics of co-production: risks, limits and pollution
Authors: Flinders Matthew , Wood Matthew , Cunningham Malaika
Published: September 2015

Co-production is a risky method of social inquiry. It is time-consuming, ethically complex, emotionally demanding, inherently unstable, vulnerable to external shocks, subject to competing demands and it challenges many disciplinary norms. This is what makes it so fresh and innovative. And yet these research-related risks are rarely discussed and, as a result, risk-reduction strategies remain under-developed within training and research processes. It is for exactly this reason that this article draws upon Mary Douglas’s notion of ‘social pollution’ in order to understand the tensions and challenges of co-production. It seeks to expose the generally hidden politics of co-production.
Temporal Release Pattern of Copeptin and Troponin T in Patients with Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome and Spontaneous Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Slagman Anna , Searle Julia , Müller Christian , Möckel Martin
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUND

The release pattern of copeptin during the initial 36 h of spontaneous acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has received relatively little investigation but may provide important information on optimal timing of diagnostic measurements.

METHODS

We investigated the release pattern of copeptin and cardiac troponin T in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Blood samples were collected in the ambulance, at admission, and after 2, 4, 6, and 12–36 h. Copeptin and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) were measured in heparin plasma samples.

RESULTS

Of 93 patients studied, 37 (39.8%) had ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), 20 (21.5%) non-STEMI, 20 (21.5%) unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 16 (17.2%) non-ACS diagnoses. Peak copeptin concentrations were detected during ambulance transport for NSTEMI patients [median 94.0 pmol/L, interquartile range (IQR) 53.3–302.1 pmol/L] and at admission for patients with STEMI (70.0 pmol/L, 22.0–144.8 pmol/L). In patients with AMI, copeptin decreased significantly over time (P < 0.0001). This was true for patients with STEMI (P = 0.005) and non-STEMI (P = 0.021). The diagnostic performance during ambulance transport was similar for hs-cTnT (area under the ROC curve 0.75, 95% CI 0.62–0.88) and copeptin (0.81, 0.69–0.92). In early presenters (n = 52), no patient with AMI was initially (in ambulance or at admission) negative for copeptin, resulting in an area under the ROC curve of 0.963 for ambulance values and a negative predictive value of 100%. In late presenters, the negative predictive value of copeptin was 50% in ambulance and at admission.

CONCLUSIONS

Our analysis is the first to show a consistent early increase in copeptin at first medical contact in the ambulance and a decrease to routine values within 12–36 h in patients presenting early with spontaneous AMI.
Art-based action research – participatory art for the north
Authors: Jokela Timo , Hiltunen Mirja , Härkönen Elina
Published: September 2015

The article will introduce the art-based action research method and the practices and knowledge gained in the fields of art and design education, taking into account contemporary art’s situational, contextual and communal nature. The method is collaboratively created and developed by a small group of artists, educators and researchers with the participation of the students in the Faculty of Art and Design at the University of Lapland to guide the next generation of art and design education scholars. The method, as part of art education and applied visual arts Master’s and Doctoral theses, takes into account the university’s northern circumstances and special features. The article discusses the relevance of the engaging participatory art parallel to developing the art-based research method in visual art education. The article also seeks to introduce a new perspective to the discussion about research in art universities.
cathARTic: A journey into arts-based educational research
Authors: Ashworth Elizabeth
Published: September 2015

During my graduate studies, I was encouraged by professors to do traditional forms of enquiry instead of exploring Arts-based Educational Research (ABER). As well, I found most people outside academia had heard the term ‘doctorate’ but few understood it. After completing my doctoral studies at the University of Glasgow, I created cathARTic (2012) as a way to explore ABER and share the personal and professional layers of that academic journey. It is a mixed-media work consisting of 216 scrapbook pages that may be displayed as a tapestry or in a series of binders. It is organized chronologically and built from my printed dissertation, research notes, journal entries, photographs and ephemera collected during my doctoral studies. This visual essay includes images of the work’s creation and related text, in an effort to show how I used Barone and Eisner’s seven features of ABER as a conceptual and logistical framework.
Development of an educational programme to support registered nurses during clinical supervision of student nurses in medical and surgical wards in a training health facility, in the oshana region, Namibia
Authors: Nehuku Hanna , Amukugo Hans Justus
Published: September 2015

This paper describes the processes of developing an educational programme intervention which was carried out following three phases namely:Phase (1) one situation analysis which was carried out to explore and describe the lived experiences of registered nurses and student nurses regarding the clinical supervision of student nurses in medical and surgical wards. Phase 2 was about conceptualization, and of the frame work to guide the development of an educational programme to support registered nurses during the clinical supervision of student nurses. Phase 3 was about the development of an educational programme to support registered nurses during clinical supervision of student nurses.The development of the conceptual framework, which led to the development of the programme to support registered nurses during the clinical supervision of student nurses, proves that this study makes an original contribution to the body of knowledge.
Subsidiary Knowledge Development in Knowledge-Intensive Business Services: A Configuration Approach
Authors: Najafi-Tavani Zhaleh , Zaefarian Ghasem , Henneberg Stephan C. , Naudé Peter , Giroud Axèle , Andersson Ulf
Published: September 2015

The international marketing literature has suggested that the characteristics of the subsidiary–headquarters relationship play an important role in subsidiary knowledge development within the field of multinational corporations. However, few studies have examined the association between the subsidiary–headquarters relationship and the subsidiary strategic role and its effects on subsidiary knowledge development. In this article, the authors first examine the effect of four subsidiary–headquarters relational characteristics (socialization mechanisms, autonomy, shared values, and internal embeddedness) on subsidiary knowledge development. Then, building on configuration theory, the authors employ two perspectives of fit (moderation and profile deviation) to investigate the impact of fit between strategy and relational characteristics and examine their effects on subsidiary knowledge development. Using data from 184 U.K. foreign-owned subsidiaries operating in the knowledge-intensive business services sector, the authors confirm that internal embeddedness, socialization mechanisms, and autonomy are positively related to subsidiary knowledge development. Furthermore, the findings support the moderation and profile deviation perspectives and indicate that aligning the subsidiary's strategic role with relational characteristics can lead to superior knowledge development.
Toward a Unified Theory of the I-R Model (Part 1)
Authors: Narmour Eugene
Published: September 2015

By extensively revising the I-R model of melody (Meyer, 1973; Narmour, 1984, 1989, 1990, 1991a, 1991b, 1992, 1996, 2000) we can explain the structural functions of many musical parameters. Here I will deal with melodic interval, registral direction, pitch height, scale-step (major and minor), duration (interval, length, rate, speed, and pace), tempo, dynamics (loudness), and texture (saving the other parameters for a later essay). By reconceptualizing the model’s core concept of functional directionality within parametric scales, only three isomorphic structural analogues become cognitively necessary, namely, process (and its variant duplication), reversal, and return. Attached signs (0, ∼, −, and +) augment the main symbols (P, D, and R) so as to track strength of implication, realization, and denial. A new theory of rhythmic structure is put forth. And with an aim toward theoretical unification, the reconfigured model confronts the combinatorial complexities of parametric interactions and offers convincing interpretations of congruence and noncongruence—the primary sources of musical affects. Works of Brahms, Debussy, Mussorgsky-Ravel, and Schoenberg are analyzed.
Auditory Scene Analysis
Authors: Alain Claude , Bernstein Lori J.
Published: September 2015

Albert Bregman’s (1990) book Auditory Scene Analysis: The Perceptual Organization of Sound has had a tremendous impact on research in auditory neuroscience. Here, we outline some of the accomplishments. This review is not meant to be exhaustive, but rather aims to highlight milestones in the brief history of auditory neuroscience. The steady increase in neuroscience research following the book’s pivotal publication has advanced knowledge about how the brain forms representations of auditory objects. This research has far-reaching societal implications on health and quality of life. For instance, it helped us understand why some people experience difficulties understanding speech in noise, which in turn has led to development of therapeutic interventions. Importantly, the book acts as a catalyst, providing scientists with a common conceptual framework for research in such diverse fields as speech perception, music perception, neurophysiology and computational neuroscience. This interdisciplinary approach to research in audition is one of this book’s legacies.
Sex Differences in Utilisation and Response to Implantable Device Therapy
Authors: Narasimha Deepika , Curtis Anne B ,   Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, US,   Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, US
Published: September 2015

Multiple studies have demonstrated that implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) and cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) provide significant mortality and morbidity benefits to eligible patients irrespective of gender. However, female patients are less likely to receive this life-saving therapy and are significantly under-represented in cardiac device trials. Various performance improvement programmes have proved that this gender disparity can be reduced and these therapies should be offered to all eligible patients regardless of sex. Efforts should be made to enrol more women in clinical trials and sex-specific analysis in medical device clinical studies should be encouraged. In this article we review the data on sex differences in clinical outcomes with ICDs and CRT and explore the reasons for this sex-based disparity.
Dynamic behavior of nonuniform functionally graded Euler-Bernoulli beams under multiple moving forces
Authors: Ha Le Thi , Kien Nguyen Dinh , Anh Vu Tuan
Published: September 2015

The dynamic behavior of nonuniform Euler-Bernoulli beams made of transversely functionally graded material under multiple moving forces is studied by the finite element method. The beam cross-section is assumed to vary in the width direction by two different types. A simple finite element formulation, accounting for variation of the material properties through the beam thickness  and the shift in the physically neutral surface, is derived and employed in the study. The exact variation of the cross-sectional profile is employed in evaluation of the element stiffness and mass matrices. The dynamic response of the beam is computed with the aid of the implicit Newmark method. The numerical results show that the derived finite element formulation is capable to assess accurately the dynamic characteristics of the beam by using just several elements. The effect of the moving speed, material inhomogeneity and section profile on the dynamic behavior of the beams is investigated. The influence of the distance between the forces as well as the number of forces on the dynamic response is also examined and highlighted.
Extension of dual equivalent linearization technique to flutter analysis of two dimensional nonlinear airfoils
Authors: Triet Nguyen Minh
Published: September 2015

This paper extends the dual equivalent linearization  technique (ELT) to obtain flutter speeds of a two-dimensional airfoil  with nonlinear stiffness and damping in pitch degree of freedom.  Although the use of dual ELT has been investigated in some previous papers,  this paper presents an extension of dual ELT using the global-local  approach, in which the local equivalent linearization coefficients are averaged in the  global sense. The numerical calculation shows that the extended dual ELT  gives more accurate flutter speeds in comparison with the ones of classical  ELT.
Developing a Coherent Approach to Youth Well-Being in the Fields of Child Welfare, Juvenile Justice, Education, and Health: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Campie Patricia E. , Pakstis Allyson , Flynn Kalen , McDermott Kathleen
Published: September 2015

This article summarizes the results from a systematic literature review of the published research on youth well-being in the child welfare, juvenile justice, education, and public health systems. The review identifies areas to address among researchers and practitioners in order to create a coherent and coordinated approach for improving youth well-being across child-serving systems. Although each of these separate systems all serve youth populations, the results suggest that each system (and the research field that supports it) differ with one another to a large degree on how to (a) operationalize well-being, (b) support its development, (c) measure its presence, and (d) train the workforce to sustain outcomes over time. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
A Latent Profile Analysis of Latino Parenting: The Infusion of Cultural Values on Family Conflict
Authors: Ayón Cecilia , Williams Lela Rankin , Marsiglia Flavio F. , Ayers Stephanie , Kiehne Elizabeth
Published: September 2015

The purpose of the present study was to (a) examine how acculturation and social support inform Latinos' parenting behaviors, controlling for gender and education; (b) describe parenting styles among Latino immigrants while accounting for cultural elements; and (c) test how these parenting styles are associated with family conflict. A 3 step latent profile analysis with the sample (N = 489) revealed best fit with a 4 profile model (n = 410) of parenting: family parenting (n = 268, 65%), child-centered parenting (n = 68, 17%), moderate parenting (n = 60, 15%), and disciplinarian parenting (n = 14, 3%). Parents' gender, acculturation, and social support significantly predicted profile membership. Disciplinarian and moderate parenting were associated with more family conflict. Recommendations include integrating culturally based parenting practices as a critical element to family interventions to minimize conflict and promote positive youth development.