bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HARLEY mitigates user bias and facilitates efficient quantification and co-localization analyses of foci in yeast fluorescence images
Authors: Shabanov Ilya , Buchan J. Ross
Published: July 2022

Quantification of cellular structures in fluorescence microscopy data is a key means of understanding cellular function. Unfortunately, numerous cellular structures present unique challenges in their ability to be unbiasedly and accurately detected and quantified. In our studies on stress granules in yeast, users displayed a striking variation of up to 3.7-fold in foci calls and were only able to replicate their results with 62–78% accuracy, when re-quantifying the same images. To facilitate consistent results we developed HARLEY (Human Augmented Recognition of LLPS Ensembles in Yeast), a customizable software for detection and quantification of stress granules in S. cerevisiae. After a brief model training on ~ 20 cells the detection and quantification of foci is fully automated and based on closed loops in intensity contours, constrained only by the a priori known size of the features of interest. Since no shape is implied, this method is not limited to round features, as is often the case with other algorithms. Candidate features are annotated with a set of geometrical and intensity-based properties to train a kernel Support Vector Machine to recognize features of interest. The trained classifier is then used to create consistent results across datasets. For less ambiguous foci datasets, a parametric selection is available. HARLEY is an intuitive tool aimed at yeast microscopy users without much technical expertise. It allows batch processing of foci detection and quantification, and the ability to run various geometry-based and pixel-based colocalization analyses to uncover trends or correlations in foci-related data. HARLEY is open source and can be downloaded from https://github.com/lnilya/harley.
Domain-level epitope mapping of polyclonal antibodies against HER-1 and HER-2 receptors using phage display technology
Authors: Pérez-Martínez Dayana , Infante Yanelys Cabrera , Ramírez Belinda Sánchez , Rojas Gertrudis
Published: July 2022

HER-1 and HER-2 are tumor-associated antigens overexpressed in several epithelial tumors, and successfully targeted by therapeutic approaches against cancer. Vaccination with their recombinant extracellular domains has had encouraging results in the pre-clinical setting. As complex humoral responses targeting multiple epitopes within each antigen are the ultimate goal of such active immunotherapy strategies, molecular dissection of the mixture of antibody specificities is required. The current work exploits phage display of antigenic versions of HER-1 and HER-2 domains to accomplish domain-level epitope mapping. Recognition of domains I, III and IV of both antigens by antibodies of immunized mice was shown, indicating diverse responses covering a broad range of antigenic regions. The combination of phage display and site-directed mutagenesis allowed mutational screening of antigen surface, showing polyclonal antibodies’ recognition of mutated receptor escape variants known to arise in patients under the selective pressure of the anti-HER-1 antibody cetuximab. Phage-displayed HER domains have thus the potential to contribute to fine specificity characterization of humoral responses during future development of anti-cancer vaccines.
Sirtuin 5 levels are limiting in preserving cardiac function and suppressing fibrosis in response to pressure overload
Authors: Guo Angela H. , Baliira Rachael , Skinner Mary E. , Kumar Surinder , Andren Anthony , Zhang Li , Goldsmith Robert S. , Michan Shaday , Davis Norma J. , Maccani Merissa W. , Day Sharlene M. , Sinclair David A. , Brody Matthew J. , Lyssiotis Costas A. , Stein Adam B. , Lombard David B.
Published: July 2022

Heart failure (HF) is the inability of the heart to pump blood sufficiently to meet the metabolic demands of the body. HF with reduced systolic function is characterized by cardiac hypertrophy, ventricular fibrosis and remodeling, and decreased cardiac contractility, leading to cardiac functional impairment and death. Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) is a well-established model for inducing hypertrophy and HF in rodents. Mice globally deficient in sirtuin 5 (SIRT5), a NAD+-dependent deacylase, are hypersensitive to cardiac stress and display increased mortality after TAC. Prior studies assessing SIRT5 functions in the heart have all employed loss-of-function approaches. In this study, we generated SIRT5 overexpressing (SIRT5OE) mice, and evaluated their response to chronic pressure overload using TAC. Compared to littermate controls, SIRT5OE mice were protected against adverse functional consequences of TAC, left ventricular dilation and impaired ejection fraction. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that SIRT5 suppresses key HF sequelae, including the metabolic switch from fatty acid oxidation to glycolysis, immune activation, and fibrotic signaling pathways. We conclude that SIRT5 is a limiting factor in the preservation of cardiac function in response to experimental pressure overload.
Latency period of PROM at term and the risk of neonatal infectious diseases
Authors: Zhuang Lu , Li Zhan-Kui , Zhu Yuan-Fang , Ju Rong , Hua Shao-Dong , Yu Chun-Zhi , Li Xing , Zhang Yan-Ping , Li Lei , Yu Yan , Zeng Wen , Cui Jie , Chen Xin-Yu , Peng Jing-Ya , Li Ting , Feng Zhi-Chun
Published: July 2022

To find the risk of time thresholds of PROM for infectious diseases of term neonates. A multi-center prospective cohort study including pregnancies with PROM at term with a single fetus were conducted. Time thresholds of the duration from PROM to delivery were examined in 2-h increments to assess the rates of infectious neonatal diseases. 7019 pregnancies were included in the study. Neonatal pneumonia and sepsis were most frequent infectious diseases in neonates born from mother with PROM at term. Rates of early-onset pneumonia varied significantly when comparing length of time of PROM greater than 16 h vs. less than 16 h (for EOP in 3 days of life, adjusted OR 1.864, 95% CI 1.159 ~ 2.997, p = 0.010; for EOP in 7 days of life, adjusted OR 1.704, 95% CI 1.104 ~ 2.628, p = 0.016). Neonates born from mother of whom the length of time from PROM to delivery ≥ 16 h were at a higher risk of acquiring EOP.
Sustained high body temperature exacerbates cognitive function and Alzheimer’s disease-related pathologies
Authors: Jung Cha-Gyun , Kato Reiko , Zhou Chunyu , Abdelhamid Mona , Shaaban Esraa Ibrahim A. , Yamashita Hitoshi , Michikawa Makoto
Published: July 2022

Global warming is a serious public health threat to people worldwide. High body temperature is one of the important risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and the body temperature of AD patients has been found to be significantly higher than that of elderly control subjects. However, the effects of high body temperature on cognitive function and AD pathologies have not been completely elucidated. We report here that Tg2576 mice housed at a high ambient temperature of 30 °C for 13 months showed an increase in the body temperature, which is accompanied by memory impairment and an enhancement of amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) generation through the upregulation of β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) level and decrease in the level of an Aβ-degrading enzyme, neprilysin (NEP) in the brain, compared with those of Tg2576 mice at 23 °C. High body temperature also increased the levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs), stress-stimulated kinases such as JNK, and total tau, leading to the enhancement of tau phosphorylation at 30 °C. Taken together, our findings suggest that high body temperature exacerbates cognitive function and AD pathologies, which provides a mechanistic insight for its prevention.
Automated video-based assessment of facial bradykinesia in de-novo Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Novotny Michal , Tykalova Tereza , Ruzickova Hana , Ruzicka Evzen , Dusek Petr , Rusz Jan
Published: July 2022

Even though hypomimia is a hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD), objective and easily interpretable tools to capture the disruption of spontaneous and deliberate facial movements are lacking. This study aimed to develop a fully automatic video-based hypomimia assessment tool and estimate the prevalence and characteristics of hypomimia in de-novo PD patients with relation to clinical and dopamine transporter imaging markers. For this cross-sectional study, video samples of spontaneous speech were collected from 91 de-novo, drug-naïve PD participants and 75 age and sex-matched healthy controls. Twelve facial markers covering areas of forehead, nose root, eyebrows, eyes, lateral canthal areas, cheeks, mouth, and jaw were used to quantitatively describe facial dynamics. All patients were evaluated using Movement Disorder Society-Unified PD Rating Scale and Dopamine Transporter Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography. Newly developed automated facial analysis tool enabled high-accuracy discrimination between PD and controls with area under the curve of 0.87. The prevalence of hypomimia in de-novo PD cohort was 57%, mainly associated with dysfunction of mouth and jaw movements, and decreased variability in forehead and nose root wrinkles (p < 0.001). Strongest correlation was found between reduction of lower lip movements and nigro-putaminal dopaminergic loss (r = 0.32, p = 0.002) as well as limb bradykinesia/rigidity scores (r = −0.37 p < 0.001). Hypomimia represents a frequent, early marker of motor impairment in PD that can be robustly assessed via automatic video-based analysis. Our results support an association between striatal dopaminergic deficit and hypomimia in PD.
Mitochondria dysfunction in Charcot Marie Tooth 2B Peripheral Sensory Neuropathy
Authors: Gu Yingli , Guerra Flora , Hu Mingzheng , Pope Alexander , Sung Kijung , Yang Wanlin , Jetha Simone , Shoff Thomas A. , Gunatilake Tessanya , Dahlkamp Owen , Shi Linda Zhixia , Manganelli Fiore , Nolano Maria , Zhou Yue , Ding Jianqing , Bucci Cecilia , Wu Chengbiao
Published: July 2022

Rab7 GTPase regulates mitochondrial morphology and function. Missense mutation(s) of Rab7 underlies the pathogenesis of Charcot Marie Tooth 2B (CMT2B) peripheral neuropathy. Herein, we investigate how mitochondrial morphology and function are impacted by the CMT2B associated Rab7V162M mutation. In contrast to recent studies of using heterologous overexpression systems, our results demonstrate significant mitochondrial fragmentation in both human CMT2B patient fibroblasts and CMT2B embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Primary cultured E18 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons also show mitochondrial fragmentation and altered axonal mitochondrial movement. In addition, we demonstrate that inhibitors to either the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 or to the nucleotide binding to Rab7 normalize the mitochondrial deficits in both MEFs and E18 cultured DRG neurons. Our study reveals, for the first time, that expression of CMT2B Rab7 mutation at the physiological level enhances Drp1 activity to promote mitochondrial fission, potentially underlying selective vulnerability of peripheral sensory neurons in CMT2B pathogenesis.
Recommendations for achieving interoperable and shareable medical data in the USA
Authors: Szarfman Ana , Levine Jonathan G. , Tonning Joseph M. , Weichold Frank , Bloom John C. , Soreth Janice M. , Geanacopoulos Mark , Callahan Lawrence , Spotnitz Matthew , Ryan Qin , Pease-Fye Meg , Brownstein John S. , Ed Hammond W. , Reich Christian , Altman Russ B.
Published: July 2022

Easy access to large quantities of accurate health data is required to understand medical and scientific information in real-time; evaluate public health measures before, during, and after times of crisis; and prevent medical errors. Introducing a system in the USA that allows for efficient access to such health data and ensures auditability of data facts, while avoiding data silos, will require fundamental changes in current practices. Here, we recommend the implementation of standardized data collection and transmission systems, universal identifiers for individual patients and end users, a reference standard infrastructure to support calibration and integration of laboratory results from equivalent tests, and modernized working practices. Requiring comprehensive and binding standards, rather than incentivizing voluntary and often piecemeal efforts for data exchange, will allow us to achieve the analytical information environment that patients need.
A novel simultaneous isotope dilution strategy as a powerful tool in the two-track certification process of trace metal mass fractions: a case study of mercury, cadmium and lead in soil and sediment materials
Authors: Krata Agnieszka Anna , Wysocka Irena A.
Published: July 2022

Developed methodology based on simultaneous IDMS and comparison of isotope ratios in ‘twin-blends’ is powerful tool in two-track certification of trace element content in CRMs with matrix requiring total digestion and different extraction procedures.
Copper dual-atom catalyst mediated C3–H amination of indoles at room temperature
Authors: Lu Yuanhui , Chen Tianxiang , Xiao Xiaoyu , Huang Ninghua , Dou Yadong , Wei Wanxing , Zhang Zhuan , Lo Tsz Woon Benedict , Liang Taoyuan
Published: July 2022

An efficient zeolite supported copper dual-atom catalyst for C–H amination of indoles has been developed for the green synthesis of 3-diarylaminoindoles.
Iron(0) tricarbonyl η4-1-azadiene complexes and their catalytic performance in the hydroboration of ketones, aldehydes and aldiminesviaa non-iron hydride pathway
Authors: Luo Jiabin , Cui Chuanguo , Xiao Zhiyin , Zhong Wei , Lu Chunxin , Jiang Xiujuan , Li Xueming , Liu Xiaoming
Published: July 2022

Iron(0) tricarbonyl η4-1-azadiene complexes catalyse the hydroboration of aldehydes, ketones, and aldimines with pinacolborane as a hydride sourceviaan intermolecular hydride transfer pathway rather than an iron-hydride intermediate.
Diurnal variations of gaseous and particulate nitrophenol isomers in the atmosphere monitored by using wet scrubbing online preconcentration
Authors: Sakakibara Kunio , Taira Misaki , Nagatomi Kanako , Kuriyama Genki , Ohira Shin-Ichi , Toda Kei
Published: July 2022

Gas- and particle-phase nitrophenols are collected separately and preconcentrated for HPLC analysis. Time variations in concentrations and partitioning into particles of nitrophenols are obtained with a resolution of 2 h.
Simulated gastrointestinal digestion of protein alginate complexes: effects of whey protein cross-linking and the composition and degradation of alginate
Authors: Madsen Mikkel , Rønne Mette E. , Li Ruifen , Greco Ines , Ipsen Richard , Svensson Birte
Published: July 2022

Alginate effectively protects whey protein from gastric digestion at pH 3. Complexes dissolve under intestinal conditions (pH 7) where whey protein is degraded by trypsin and alginate can be degraded by bacterial lyases.
Studies of high-membered two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper Cs7Pb6I19 perovskite nanosheets via kinetically controlled reactions
Authors: Chen Yi-Chia , Wu Kuan-Chang , Chen Hsin-An , Chu Wen-Hui , Gowdru Swathi M. , Lin Jou-Chun , Lin Bi-Hsuan , Tang Mau-Tsu , Chang Chia-Che , Lai Ying-Huang , Kuo Tsung-Rong , Wen Cheng-Yen , Wang Di-Yan
Published: July 2022

A new path to the discovery of 2D perovskite structures with metastable phases was demonstrated by using a recrystallization method and the assistance of sulfur-derived organic molecules. Their kinetic formation mechanisms were also investigated.
A combined experimental and computational study of the effect of electron irradiation on the transport properties of aromatic and aliphatic molecular self-assemblies
Authors: Tong Y. , Alsalama M. , Berdiyorov G. R. , Hamoudi H.
Published: July 2022

Intermolecular cross-linking through electron irradiation is proven to be an effective tool to improve the mechanical and electronic properties of molecular self-assembled monolayers, which is known to be a key player for material nanoarchitectonics.
Solution and interfacial self-assembly of Bacillus subtilis bacterial lipoteichoic acid (LTA): nanoclustering, and effects of Ca2+ and temperature
Authors: Bharatiya Bhavesh , Wlodek Magdalena , Harniman Robert , Schweins Ralf , Mantell Judith , Wang Gang , Warszynski Piotr , Briscoe Wuge H.
Published: July 2022

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a major structural and functional molecule in the Gram-positive bacteria membrane. Advanced physical methods yield unprecedented nano-structural insights on self-assembled LTA aggregates in solution and at interfaces.
Recent advances in CO2 capture and reduction
Authors: Wei Kecheng , Guan Huanqin , Luo Qiang , He Jie , Sun Shouheng
Published: July 2022

The ever-increasing energy demand leads to fast depletion of fossil fuels and excessive CO2 emission into the atmosphere, and requires efficient capture and conversion of CO2 to achieve negative carbon emission and energy sustainability.
New enhancement mechanism of an ether-based electrolyte in cobalt sulfide-containing potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Enze , Ma Liang , Li Zhibin , Wang Hao , Zhang Guiping , Li Shuli , Li Junfeng , Pan Likun , Mai Wenjie , Li Jinliang
Published: July 2022

The performance of potassium (K)-ion batteries (KIBs) is not only dependent on electrode materials but also highly related to the electrolyte.
The C(sp3)–H bond functionalization of thioethers with styrenes with insight into the mechanism
Authors: Yan Zhan , Wang Nai-Xing , Zhang Lei-Yang , Wu Yue-Hua , Li Jian-Li , She Meng-Yao , Gao Xue-Wang , Feng Ke , Xing Yalan
Published: July 2022

Overcoming the low reactivity of thioethers, a C(sp3)–H bond functionalization of thioethers with styrenes using TBHP and DBU involving a radical relay process in metal-free conditions with theoretical questions elaborated is described.
Synthesis of chiral β-substituted γ-amino-butyric acid derivativesviaenantioconvergent ring opening of racemic 2-(hetero)aryl aziridines with ketene silyl acetals
Authors: Qi Ling , Yang Pei-Jun , Ji Wen-Tao , Tao Gui-De , Yang Gaosheng , Chai Zhuo
Published: July 2022

Lewis acid-catalyzed enantioconvergent ring opening of racemic 2-(hetero)aryl-N-sulfonyl aziridines with ketene silyl acetals is developed.
Modification of [2.2]paracyclophane through cobalt-catalyzed ortho-C–H allylation and acyloxylation
Authors: Song Hong , Li Ya , Yao Qi-Jun , Shi Bing-Feng
Published: July 2022

The first cobalt-catalyzed ortho-C–H allylation and acyloxylation of [2,2]paracyclophanes are reported.
Black glasses grafted micron silicon: a resilient anode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Nandan Ravi , Takamori Noriyuki , Higashimine Koichi , Badam Rajashekar , Matsumi Noriyoshi
Published: July 2022

Effective methodology for designing a resilient micron silicon-based anode material for stable and reversible storage of lithium ions and its practical application in next generation lithium-ion batteries.
Recent advances in nanotechnology mediated mitochondria-targeted imaging
Authors: Zheng Nannan , Wang Qinghui , Zhang Shijin , Mao Chenchen , He Liangcan , Liu Shaoqin
Published: July 2022

Mitochondria play a critical role in cell growth and metabolism.
Membrane stabilization versus perturbation by aromatic monoamine-modified γ-PGA for cryopreservation of human RBCs with high intracellular trehalose
Authors: Niu Qingjing , Gao Shuhui , Liu Xingwen , Chong Jinghui , Ren Lixia , Zhu Kongying , Shi Wenxiong , Yuan Xiaoyan
Published: July 2022

Aromatic monoamine-grafted γ-PGA provided membrane stabilization as well as membrane perturbation during cryopreservation of human red blood cells with high intracellular trehalose.
Real-time views of morphological evolution in solution-processed organic photovoltaics
Authors: Liu Yanfeng , Jin Yingzhi , Wu Yue , Zhong Yufei
Published: July 2022

This review focuses on the morphological evolution of films for organic photovoltaics from the perspective of in situ measurements, showing factors governing the final morphology during liquid–solid transitions.
The joint effect of elasticity, interaction energy and entropy on behavior of pressure- and temperature-induced electronic bistability in a family of two-dimensional Hofman-like coordination polymers
Authors: Li Ruixin , Levchenko Georgiy , Valverde-Muñoz Francisco Javier , Gaspar Ana Belén , Ivashko Victor V. , Li Quanjun , Xu Wei , Fylymonov Hennagii , Liu Bingbing , Real José Antonio
Published: July 2022

Based on two-dimensional Hofmann-type compounds, we systematically studied the regulation of the spin state by pressure combining theory and experiments. The ways of controlling the spin state under pressure have been installed.
Annual integral solar proton fluences for 1984–2019
Authors: Raukunen O. , Usoskin I. , Koldobskiy S. , Kovaltsov G. , Vainio R.
Published: July 2022

Aims.Long-term fluxes or integral fluences of solar energetic particles (SEPs), and their variability within and beyond the 11-year solar cycle, make an important contribution to space physics. However, large uncertainties exist in the evaluation of average SEP fluxes or fluences over the last few decades, as they have been assessed by different methods and from different datasets. Here we revisit the derivation of annual integral SEP fluences from available data based on in situ measurements since 1984.

Methods.We reconstructed a full time series of integral SEP fluxes above 10, 30, 60, 100, and 200 MeV for the period from 1984 to 2019 using observations performed by the GOES satellites. Intercalibration of the fluxes was performed via a linear relation between overlapping pairs of observations in order to obtain a uniform dataset. Galactic cosmic ray (GCR) background subtraction and identification of SEP event periods were carefully performed, allowing for a precise calculation of annual SEP fluences.

Results.Annual integral fluences of SEPs with energies above 10, 30, 60, 100, and 200 MeV were calculated for the period from 1984 to 2019 (solar cycles 22–24), along with their uncertainties. It is shown that solar cycle 24 was significantly (by a factor of 5–8) weaker in the SEP fluence than the preceding cycles 22 and 23. The cumulative occurrence probability of years with the fluence above a given value is found to be perfectly described by the Weibull distribution. This can be used as a projection for the occurrence of solar extreme eruptive events on the secular timescales.
Description of a new species from Clarias maclareni and phylogenetical analysis of Quadriacanthus (Monogenea, Dactylogyridae) species transfers between clariid and non-clariid fish hosts in Cameroon
Authors: Bahanak Dieu-Ne-Dort , Mbondo Jonathan A. , Bassock Bayiha Etienne D. , Pariselle Antoine , Nack Jacques , Bilong Bilong Charles F. , Agnèse Jean-Francois
Published: July 2022

Recently in Cameroon, two species belonging to Quadriacanthus: Q. anaspidoglanii Akoumba, Tombi & Bilong Bilong, 2017 and Q. euzeti Nack, Pariselle & Bilong Bilong, 2016 have been recorded on gill filaments of Notoglanidium macrostoma (Siluriformes, Claroteidae) in the Memou’ou River (Nyong Basin) and Papyrocranus afer (Osteoglossiformes, Notopteridae) in Lake Ossa, respectively. These records have been considered the result of lateral transfers from Clariidae to a Claroteidae host for the first case (parasitism of N. macrostoma by Q. anaspidoglanii) and from Clariidae or Bagridae to a Notopteridae host for the second (parasitism of P. afer by Q. euzeti). In this paper, the investigation of interspecific relationships among Quadriacanthus spp. parasitizing Clariidae, Bagridae, Claroteidae and Notopteridae in Cameroon resulted in the record of Q. anaspidoglanii from N. macrostoma, Q. euzeti from P. afer, a new record of Q. levequei Birgi, 1988 from Clarias jaensis in the Nyong River, and the description of Q. barombiensis n. sp. from Clarias maclareni in Lake Barombi Mbo. The newly identified species is characterized by having an accessory piece ending in one small hook and the median expansion of its dorsal bar with two filaments. Phylogenetic analysis based on 28S rDNA sequences confirms that the Quadriacanthus spp. parasitizing gill filaments of non-clariid hosts in Cameroon originate from lateral transfers from clariid fishes, and that Clariidae are ancestral hosts of these monogenean species.
Profile of Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Findings in Dyspeptic Patients
Authors: Ali Althaf S. , Ramlal R.V. , Vinod P.B. , Manoj V.V.
Published: July 2022

Background and Objectives

Dyspepsia is the commonest indication for upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy. This study was done to describe the UGI endoscopic findings and the risk factors like alcohol abuse, smoking, pan chewing, and drug intake and the endoscopic findings in patients with alarm symptoms.

Materials and Methods

This was an institution-based (Department of General Surgery at Government T.D. Medical College, Alappuzha) observational study (descriptive) on 250 dyspeptic patients who underwent UGI endoscopy for the duration of 1 year between November 2018 and October 2019.

Results

Among the patients, 130 were males and 120 were females. The mean age was 51.36 years. The majority were between 36 and 65 years (65.6%) of age. Precisely, 28.8% showed alarm symptoms. The commonest alarm symptoms were vomiting (26.8%), weight loss (7.6%), and gastrointestinal bleed (6.4%). Also, 237 (94.8%) patients had abnormal findings. The commonest abnormal findings included gastric erosions/erythema in 197 (78.8%), duodenal erosions/erythema in 69 (27.6%), and esophageal erosions/erythema in 56 (22.4%) patients. Substance use included smoking (29.6%), followed by alcoholism (27.2%) and pan chewing (14%). Dyspepsia along with alarm symptoms was seen in patients with malignant endoscopic findings. The commonest malignancy was stomach cancer (4.8%).

Conclusion

Dyspepsia was more common among males aged 36 to 65 years. Gastric, duodenal, and esophageal erosions/erythema were the commonest abnormal findings. Smoking and alcoholism were common in patients with dyspepsia. Malignant endoscopic findings were common in patients with alarm symptoms. UGI endoscopy is an effective and appropriate initial investigation to assess patients with dyspepsia.
Orthopaedic Trainee Views on Robotic Technologies in Orthopaedics: A Survey-Based Study
Authors: LeRoy Taryn E. , Puzzitiello Richard , Ho Bridgette , Van Schuyver Paul R. , Kavolus II Joseph J.
Published: July 2022

The use of robotics is a growing area within the field of surgery, especially in orthopaedics. To date, there is no literature examining orthopaedic trainee perception of or comfort with robotics in orthopaedics. An assessment of the next generation's attitudes regarding this technology is necessary. An anonymous, national, web-based questionnaire containing 16 multiple-choice questions and 25 5-point Likert's scale questions was sent to 66 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-approved orthopaedic residency training programs. The survey was designed to discern the attitude of orthopaedic trainees toward robotics. Demographics, extent of exposure and training, and trainee perception regarding robotics were collected. A bivariate analysis using Pearson's Chi-square test or Fisher's was used to determine factors associated with trainee's future plans to use robotics. A total of 280 trainees completed the survey (response rate of 18%). Also, 67.9% have been exposed to and 42.9% trained to use robotics in surgical training. Of those trained, 44.4% were given increasing autonomy to use the technology. Further, 67.1% of trainees do not feel comfortable using robotic technology; however, 71.4% believe robotics has the potential to facilitate their education. Over 90% believe that robotic technology is here to stay. While residents have legitimate concerns about robotic implementation in orthopaedics, the majority of residents and fellows believe robotics will be a part of the future. However, few feel they receive adequate training or experience with the technology.
Male-to-Female Gender Affirmation Vaginoplasty via Laparoscopic Pedicled Peritoneal Flap—An Initial Experience
Authors: Sachan Ashish , Jain Pradeep , Sharma Pankaj , Goel Vivek
Published: July 2022

Objective The objective of this study was to describe our early experience with laparoscopic pedicled peritoneal flap in patients undergoing male-to-female gender affirmation vaginoplasty.

Methods This is a case series of five patients who underwent laparoscopic pedicled peritoneal flap vaginoplasty for gender reaffirmation from October 2020 to July 2021. The clinical and functional outcomes were recorded.

Results Two patients underwent the surgery as a primary procedure, and three patients underwent surgery as a secondary deepening procedure after failed penile skin inversion. There were no complications after surgery, and the median length of hospital stay was 3 days. No patient developed vaginal stenosis in 6-month follow-up period, and the median vaginal depth was 6 inches with a healthy vaginal surface.

Conclusion Laparoscopic pedicled peritoneal flap can be considered as a first choice in gender affirmation surgeries for patients with inadequate penoscrotal skin or failed penile skin inversion.
A Case Series of Stroke following COVID-19 Vaccination—Is It Just an Association?
Authors: Satapathy Rajalaxmi , Satapathy Diptiranjan
Published: July 2022

In India two vaccines were initially recommended for vaccination; Covaxin in the 3rd phase trial and Covishield in the 4th phase for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Covaxin was approved to be given only in tertiary care health centers and urban areas. An adverse event is any untoward medical problem in a patient after the administration of a new drug or vaccine that may or may not be related to that product. There are several case reports of stroke followingCOVID-19 vaccination. Here, we have reported five cases of ischemic stroke following COVID-19 vaccination presenting to the neuro-outpatient department or casualty. We have taken three patients who were vaccinated with Covishield and presented with acute neurological deficit within 24 hours of vaccination. All patients were COVID-19 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction negative. Computed tomography brain, magnetic resonance imaging brain, echocardiography, carotid Doppler study, and other routine blood investigations were done on all patients. All the three patients were male in the age group of 30 to 60 years. All were ischemic strokes. All patients had associated other risk factors for stroke. None of them had thrombocytopenia. The proposed mechanism is vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. One patient had a posterior circulation stroke. Two patients recovered and one patient was in critical condition and left against medical advice. We cannot conclude that the thrombotic events were due to the vaccine only as other risk factors were also present. Weighing the beneficial effect of vaccines these complications can be called mere associations. But since these can be serious adverse effects of vaccines, more and more studies are required to prove vaccines as the causative agent of thrombotic stroke.
The effect of herd immunity thresholds on willingness to vaccinate
Authors: Andersson Per A. , Tinghög Gustav , Västfjäll Daniel
Published: July 2022

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, media and policymakers openly speculated about the number of immune citizens needed to reach a herd immunity threshold. What are the effects of such numerical goals on the willingness to vaccinate? In a large representative sample (N = 1540) of unvaccinated Swedish citizens, we find that giving a low (60%) compared to a high (90%) threshold has direct effects on beliefs about reaching herd immunity and beliefs about how many others that will get vaccinated. Presenting the high threshold makes people believe that herd immunity is harder to reach (on average about half a step on a seven-point scale), compared to the low threshold. Yet at the same time, people also believe that a higher number of the population will get vaccinated (on average about 3.3% more of the population). Since these beliefs affect willingness to vaccinate in opposite directions, some individuals are encouraged and others discouraged depending on the threshold presented. Specifically, in mediation analysis, the high threshold indirectly increases vaccination willingness through the belief that many others will get vaccinated (B = 0.027, p = 0.003). At the same time, the high threshold also decreases vaccination willingness through the belief that the threshold goal is less attainable (B = −0.053, p < 0.001) compared to the low threshold condition. This has consequences for ongoing COVID-19 vaccination and future vaccination campaigns. One message may not fit all, as different groups can be encouraged or discouraged from vaccination.
ESG performance and stock prices: evidence from the COVID-19 outbreak in China
Authors: Li Zengfu , Feng Liuhua , Pan Zheng , Sohail Hafiz M.
Published: July 2022

This paper investigates the role of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance in stock prices during the market financial crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. We use the Chinese listed company data as the bases for adopting an event-study method to identify the impact of ESG performance on cumulative abnormal returns. Empirical results suggest that ESG performance significantly increases firms’ cumulative abnormal returns and has asymmetric effects during the pandemic. Our results are robust to various robustness checks that consider the replacement of event window period, ESG measurement, adding other control variables, and sample exclusion of Hubei Province. We further find that reputation and insurance effects are important mechanisms through which ESG performance influences stock prices. Lastly, heterogeneous analyses show that ESG effects are considerably pronounced among firms with low human capital and bad image and in high-impact regions.
High order modes of intense second harmonic light produced from a plasma aperture
Authors: Bacon E. F. J. , King M. , Wilson R. , Frazer T. P. , Gray R. J. , McKenna P.
Published: July 2022

Because of their ability to sustain extremely high-amplitude electromagnetic fields and transient density and field profiles, plasma optical components are being developed to amplify, compress, and condition high-power laser pulses. We recently demonstrated the potential to use a relativistic plasma aperture—produced during the interaction of a high-power laser pulse with an ultrathin foil target—to tailor the spatiotemporal properties of the intense fundamental and second-harmonic light generated [Duff et al., Sci. Rep. 10, 105 (2020)]. Herein, we explore numerically the interaction of an intense laser pulse with a preformed aperture target to generate second-harmonic laser light with higher-order spatial modes. The maximum generation efficiency is found for an aperture diameter close to the full width at half maximum of the laser focus and for a micrometer-scale target thickness. The spatial mode generated is shown to depend strongly on the polarization of the drive laser pulse, which enables changing between a linearly polarized TEM01 mode and a circularly polarized Laguerre–Gaussian LG01 mode. This demonstrates the use of a plasma aperture to generate intense higher-frequency light with selectable spatial mode structure.
Re-evaluation of the genus Englerodendron (Leguminosae–Detarioideae), including Isomacrolobium and Pseudomacrolobium
Authors: de la Estrella Manuel , Wieringa Jan J. , Breteler Frans J. , Ojeda Dario I.
Published: July 2022

On the basis of a new phylogeny of the Detarioideae, with a particular focus on Englerodendron Harms, Anthonotha P.Beauv. and related genera, the possible options for delimiting monophyletic genera are discussed. As a result, Isomacrolobium Aubrév. & Pellegr. and Pseudomacrolobium Hauman are synonymised under Englerodendron. The following 12 new combinations are formed within the expanded Englerodendron: E. brachyrhachis (Breteler) Estrella & Ojeda, E. explicans (Baill.) Estrella & Ojeda, E. graciliflorum (Harms) Estrella & Ojeda, E. hallei (Aubrév.) Estrella & Ojeda, E. isopetalum (Harms) Breteler & Wieringa, E. lebrunii (J.Léonard) Estrella & Ojeda, E. leptorrhachis (Harms) Estrella & Ojeda, E. mengei (De Wild.) Estrella & Ojeda, E. nigericum (Baker f.) Estrella & Ojeda, E. obanense (Baker f.) Estrella & Ojeda, E. triplisomere (Pellegr.) Estrella & Ojeda and E. vignei (Hoyle) Estrella & Ojeda. A key to identification of the 17 species now recognised within Englerodendron is presented.
Elevated intracellular Na
+
and osmolarity stimulate catalytic activity of the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2
Authors: Persaud Avinash , Jiang Chong , Liu Zetao , Kefalas George , Demian Wael L. , Rotin Daniela
Published: July 2022

Regulation of catalytic activity of E3 ubiquitin ligases is critical for their cellular functions. We identified an unexpected mode of regulation of E3 catalytic activity by ions and osmolarity; enzymatic activity of the HECT family E3 Nedd4-2/Nedd4L is enhanced by increased intracellular Na
+
([Na
+
]
i
) and by hyperosmolarity. This stimulated activity is mediated by activation of p38-MAPK and is inhibited by WNKs. Moreover, protease (Furin)–mediated activation of the epithelial Na
+
channel ENaC (a bona fide Nedd4-2 substrate), which leads to increased [Na
+
]
i
and osmolarity, results in enhanced Nedd4-2 catalytic activity. This enhancement is inhibited by a Furin inhibitor, by a protease-resistant ENaC mutant, or by treatment with the ENaC inhibitor amiloride. Moreover, WNK inhibition, which stimulates catalytic activity of Nedd4-2, leads to reduced levels of cell-surface ENaC and reduced channel activity. ENaC activity does not affect Nedd4-2:ENaC binding. Therefore, these results demonstrate activation of a ubiquitin ligase by Na
+
and osmotic changes. Importantly, they reveal a negative feedback loop in which active ENaC leads to stimulation of catalytic activity of its own suppressor, Nedd4-2, to protect cells from excessive Na
+
loading and hyperosmotic stress and to protect the animal from hypertension.
Seed DNA damage responses promote germination and growth inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Waterworth Wanda M. , Latham Rosalind , Wang Dapeng , Alsharif Mona , West Christopher E.
Published: July 2022

The desiccated, quiescent state of seeds confers extended survival of the embryonic plant. However, accumulation of striking levels of genome damage in quiescence impairs germination and threatens plant survival. The mechanisms by which seeds mitigate this damage remain unclear. Here, we reveal that imbibedArabidopsisseeds display high resistance to DNA damage, which is lost as seeds advance to germination, coincident with increasing cell cycle activity. In contrast to seedlings, we show that seeds minimize the impact of DNA damage by reducing meristem disruption and delaying SOG1-dependent programmed cell death. This promotes root growth early postgermination. In response to naturally accumulated DNA damage in aging seeds, SOG1 activates cell death postgermination. SOG1 activities are also important for promoting successful seedling establishment. These distinct cellular responses of seeds and seedlings are reflected by different DNA damage transcriptional profiles. Comparative analysis of DNA repair mutants identifies roles of the major genome maintenance pathways in germination but that the repair of cytotoxic chromosomal breaks is the most important for seed longevity. Collectively, these results indicate that high levels of DNA damage incurred in seeds are countered by low cell cycle activity, cell cycle checkpoints, and DNA repair, promoting successful seedling establishment. Our findings reveal insight into both the physiological significance of plant DNA damage responses and the mechanisms which maintain seed longevity, important for survival of plant populations in the natural environment and sustainable crop production under changing climates.
Self-assembled nanocomposites of high water content and load-bearing capacity
Authors: Zhang Guogao , Kim Junsoo , Hassan Sammy , Suo Zhigang
Published: July 2022

Biological tissues, such as cartilage, tendon, ligament, skin, and plant cell wall, simultaneously achieve high water content and high load-bearing capacity. The high water content enables the transport of nutrients and wastes, and the high load-bearing capacity provides structural support for the organisms. These functions are achieved through nanostructures. This biological fact has inspired synthetic mimics, but simultaneously achieving both functions has been challenging. The main difficulty is to construct nanostructures of high load-bearing capacity, characterized by multiple properties, including elastic modulus, strength, toughness, and fatigue threshold. Here we develop a process that self-assembles a nanocomposite using a hydrogel-forming polymer and a glass-forming polymer. The process separates the polymers into a hydrogel phase and a glass phase. The two phases arrest at the nanoscale and are bicontinuous. Submerged in water, the nanocomposite maintains the structure and resists further swelling. We demonstrate the process using commercial polymers, achieving high water content, as well as load-bearing capacity comparable to that of polyethylene. During the process, a rubbery stage exists, enabling us to fabricate objects of complex shapes and fine features. We conduct further experiments to discuss likely molecular origins of arrested phase separation, swell resistance, and ductility. Potential applications of the nanocomposites include artificial tissues, high-pressure filters, low-friction coatings, and solid electrolytes.
Study on microstructure evolution and deformation softening mechanism of a Ti–47.5Al–2.5V–1.0Cr–0.2Zr alloy
Authors: Lin Xuejian , Huang Hongjun , Yuan Xiaoguang , Wang Yinxiao , Zheng Bowen , Zuo Xiaojiao , Zhou Ge
Published: July 2022

The hot compression tests of Ti–47.5Al–2.5V–1.0Cr–0.2Zr alloy were achieved by a Gleeble thermal simulator. The results show that the residual lamellar microstructure has sufficient energy and sufficient time to decompose, which is conducive to the evolution of the dynamic recrystallisation (DRX) microstructure. The dislocation density decreases significantly owing to the generation of a DRX. The deformation mechanism during hot deformation is dominated by the DRX of the γ-phase. Meantime, the increment of dislocations will induce to the generation of sub-grain boundaries. In addition to the mechanism of dislocation-induced recrystallised grain formation, twinning deformation is also a typical deformation mechanism in TiAl alloy. The transformation of lamellar microstructure into uniform and fine DRX microstructure can improve the microstructural uniformity of the alloy.
A network meta‐analysis comparing the effects of exercise and cognitive training on executive function in young and middle‐aged adults
Authors: Ludyga Sebastian , Held Steffen , Rappelt Ludwig , Donath Lars , Klatt Stefanie
Published: July 2022

In young and middle‐aged adults, executive function is associated with success in work‐life and mental health. Physical activity with and without cognitive training has the potential to benefit executive function, but its relative effectiveness remains unclear. This network meta‐analysis compares the effectiveness of different exercise and cognitive training types and their combination on executive function in young and middle‐aged adults. PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Cochrane, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus were searched for experimental studies that compared pre‐ to posttest changes in inhibitory control and/ or working memory between one or more intervention groups and a control group. Interventions were ranked on their relative effectiveness using P‐scores. Study quality was rated using the PEDro scale. Forty‐six studies were included and yielded 30 and 70 pair‐wise effect sizes for the inhibitory control and working memory networks, respectively. With one exception, all studies were of high quality. Combined exercise and working memory training induced the greatest benefits for working memory (standardized mean differences, SMD = 0.59), whereas training a single executive function (SMD = 0.32) was most effective for inhibitory control. The effectiveness of working memory training (SMD ≥ 0.27) and coordinative exercise (SMD ≥ 0.20–0.29) ranked second and third for both executive function outcomes. In contrast, the effectiveness of endurance exercise was comparable to active controls on both networks. In young and middle‐aged adults, exercise with coordinative demands seems to have an effectiveness similar to working memory training. The combination of exercise and cognitive training further increases executive function benefits.
Final report, ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, ozone at ambient level, comparison with CHMI, September 2021
Authors: Viallon Joële , Idrees Faraz , Moussay Philippe , Wielgosz Robert , Vokoun Miroslav
Published: July 2022

Main text

As part of the ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, a comparison has been performed between the ozone national standard of Czechia maintained by the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI) and the common reference standard of the key comparison, maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The instruments have been compared over a nominal ozone amount fraction range of 0 nmol/mol to 500 nmol/mol.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Alignment dependence of photoelectron momentum distributions for diatomic molecule N2 in strong elliptical laser fields
Authors: Ren Dianxiang , Wang Shang , Chen Chao , Li Xiaokai , Yu Xitao , Zhao Xinning , Ma Pan , Wang Chuncheng , Luo Sizuo , Chen Yanjun , Ding Dajun
Published: July 2022

The ionization dynamics of aligned N2 molecules are studied in strong elliptical laser fields experimentally and theoretically. The alignment-dependent photoelectron momentum distribution of N2 is measured for highlighting the molecular structure contribution by comparing to that of Ar measured synchronously. Our results show that the ionization of N2 depends strongly on the alignment of molecules, relative to the main axis of the polarization ellipse of the laser. In particular, the most-probable electron-emission angle which is often used in attosecond measurement changes remarkably when changing the relative angle between the molecular axis and the major axis of laser fields. The alignment-dependent rotation angles have been well reproduced by our theoretical calculations. We show that the interplay between molecular structure and the laser fields plays an important role in the rotation angles based on the strong-field approximation analysis and this interaction also influences remarkably on the photoelectron angle distribution of aligned N2.