bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Siblings with a Homozygous Variant in the NHP2 Gene: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Sürücü Kara İlknur , Duman Duygu , Bademci Güney , Tekin Mustafa , Eminoğlu Fatma Tuba
Published: December 2024

Objectives: Dyskeratosis congenita is a hereditary short telomere syndrome that is characterized by dysplastic nails, reticular pigmentation, oral leucoplakia and may have other progressive systemic manifestations. Here, we report two affected siblings in a family with dyskeratosis congenita.
Case presentation: A two-year-old girl (index patient) was admitted to our hospital with complaints of inability to walk and decreased vision, as well as developmental delay and cataracts. Her parents were consanguineous, and she had an 18-year-old brother with cataracts, mental retardation, liver cirrhosis, pancytopenia and hypersplenism. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain of the index case revealed hypointense foci in the bilateral basal ganglia, thalamus, and parietal white matter, while the results of detailed metabolic tests were unremarkable. After 8 years of follow-up, the index patient was identified with additional findings that included mental retardation, liver disease, pancytopenia, nail dystrophy, multiple foci of calcification on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, while over the past 2 years, her brother developed nail dystrophy, oral leucoplakia, greying hair, and reticular pigmentation on his neck. Genome sequencing revealed a c.415T>C (p.Tyr139His) mutation in the NHP2 gene in the index case that was heterozygous in the parents and homozygous in the index case and her older brother.
Conclusions: In cases of multisystem involvement, consanguineous marriage, and multiple affected family members, patients may develop very rare diseases, such as dyskeratosis congenita, and physicians should be aware that new clinical findings may emerge during long-term follow-up, the diagnosis of which may count on genome sequencing.
CAN ETHICAL LEADERSHIP INCREASE EMPLOYEES' WORK ENGAGEMENT AND JOB SATISFACTION? DIFFERENCES IN GENDER CONTEXT
Authors: Aydemir Dev Mine , Bayram Arlı Nuran
Published: December 2024

Leaders hold significant influence on employees and organizations. This study primarily focused to examine the relationship between ethical leadership and employees' work engagement and job satisfaction, and it aimed to examine the differences in ethical leadership-work engagement-job satisfaction relations by gender. Multiple-group analysis was used to investigate gender-based differences. The findings revealed a significant relationship between ethical leadership and both job satisfaction and work engagement. Ethical leadership and job satisfaction and work engagement positively related. The model predicted for the entire data set was also estimated for the male and female groups. While all pathways were statistically significant in the male group however the direct relationship between ethical leadership and job satisfaction was statistically insignificant in the female group. The results of the current study emphasize the importance of ethical leadership in shaping employee engagement and job satisfaction, while also revealing differences among female and male employees.
TEXT MINING AND KNOWLEDGE MAPPING OF POSTGRADUATE THESES ON GENERATIONS IN TURKEY
Authors: Yanık Celalettin , Engin Melih
Published: December 2024

In the realm of social sciences, the concept of generation represents one of the most contentious areas. The problem lies not in the concept itself, but rather in the meanings attributed to it. The meanings attributed to the concept are used to establish marketing principles by comparing a group of individuals that are taken into consideration or based within a specific category with the basic characteristics that are assumed to have opposite qualities of this group. In this study, keywords were collected from the theses containing the word generation that were downloaded from the website where graduate theses belonging to the Council of Higher Education are published. In addition to the descriptive statistical findings on the year, university, and subject data of the theses, an association analysis of the keywords of these theses was performed using the Apriori algorithm. The research findings revealed that the majority of graduate theses on generation are master's theses, their popularity is increasing, and the keyword “generation” is associated with various fields such as behavior, difference, business, social relations, media, and conflict
UNCONVENTIONAL MONETARY POLICIES AND FINANCIAL MARKETS: A CAUSALITY ANALYSIS FOR TURKIYE
Authors: Sezerer Kerem , Kahraman Güntülü Özlem , Afşar Muharrem
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the influence of the Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye’s unconventional monetary policy tools on the BIST100 index, utilizing monthly data from January 2013 to December 2023. The analysis focuses on the Reserve Requirement Ratios (for both Turkish Lira and Foreign Currency) and the Late Liquidity Window Rate as measures of unconventional policy, while the BIST100 index represents financial market performance. The results indicate a unidirectional causality from the Late Liquidity Window Rate to the BIST100 index, suggesting that policy impacts the market through a significant but narrow channel. Conversely, no causal relationship is observed between the reserve requirement ratios and the BIST100 index. These findings highlight the limited efficacy of the Central Bank’s unconventional policy tools in stabilizing financial markets.
Validation of the Fear of Earthquake Scale: Associations With Personal Earthquake Preparedness And Anxiety Emotions
Authors: Mavruk Can
Published: December 2024

Bu makale, 2023 Kahramanmaraş depremi sonrası deprem korkusu ölçeğini doğrulamayı ve korkunun kaygı duyguları üzerindeki dolaylı etkisini kişisel deprem hazırlığı yoluyla incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla, faktör analizi için Stata kullanılmıştır. Keşfedici faktör analizi tek faktörlü bir çözüm önermesine rağmen, deprem korkusuna ilişkin doğrulayıcı faktör analizi iki faktörlü modelin tek faktörlü modele göre daha iyi uyum sağladığını ortaya koymuştur. Faktör analizi sonuçları, deprem korkusu ölçeğinin gelecekteki çalışmalarda kullanılmak üzere geçerli ve güvenilir olduğunu göstermektedir. Korku maddelerinin depreme hazırlıklı olma ve kaygı duyguları arasındaki ilişki anlamlı çıkmıştır. Aracılık sonuçları, deprem hazırlığının korkunun kaygı üzerindeki etkisine kısmen aracılık ettiğini göstermektedir. Hiyerarşik regresyon sonuçları, sosyo-demografik değişkenler kontrol edildikten sonra somatik korkunun, bilişsel korkudan daha yüksek ek yüzde ile kaygı semptomlarındaki varyansı açıkladığını doğrulamaktadır. Bireysel deprem hazırlığının önem kazanması için gerekli olan yapı hazırlığı, travmatik kayıpların önlenmesinde önemlidir.
TabVer: Tabular Fact Verification with Natural Logic
Authors: Aly Rami , Vlachos Andreas
Published: December 2024

Fact verification on tabular evidence incentivizes the use of symbolic reasoning models where a logical form is constructed (e.g., a LISP-style program), providing greater verifiability than fully neural approaches. However, these logical forms typically rely on well-formed tables, restricting their use in many scenarios. An emerging symbolic reasoning paradigm for textual evidence focuses on natural logic inference, which constructs proofs by modeling set-theoretic relations between a claim and its evidence in natural language. This approach provides flexibility and transparency but is less compatible with tabular evidence since the relations do not extend to arithmetic functions. We propose a set-theoretic interpretation of numerals and arithmetic functions in the context of natural logic, enabling the integration of arithmetic expressions in deterministic proofs. We leverage large language models to generate arithmetic expressions by generating questions about salient parts of a claim which are answered by executing appropriate functions on tables. In a few-shot setting on FEVEROUS, we achieve an accuracy of 71.4, outperforming both fully neural and symbolic reasoning models by 3.4 points. When evaluated on TabFact without any further training, our method remains competitive with an accuracy lead of 0.5 points.
Toward Robust RALMs: Revealing the Impact of Imperfect Retrieval on Retrieval-Augmented Language Models
Authors: Park Seong-Il , Lee Jay-Yoon
Published: December 2024

Retrieval Augmented Language Models (RALMs) have gained significant attention for their ability to generate accurate answers and improve efficiency. However, RALMs are inherently vulnerable to imperfect information due to their reliance on the imperfect retriever or knowledge source. We identify three common scenarios—unanswerable, adversarial, conflicting—where retrieved document sets can confuse RALMs with plausible real-world examples. We present the first comprehensive investigation to assess how well RALMs detect and handle such problematic scenarios. Among these scenarios, to systematically examine adversarial robustness we propose a new adversarial attack method, Generative model-based ADVersarial attack (GenADV) and a novel metric Robustness under Additional Document (RAD). Our findings reveal that RALMs often fail to identify the unanswerability or contradiction of a document set, which frequently leads to hallucinations. Moreover, we show that the addition of an adversary significantly degrades RALM’s performance, with the model becoming even more vulnerable when the two scenarios overlap (adversarial+ unanswerable). Our research identifies critical areas for assessing and enhancing the robustness of RALMs, laying the foundation for the development of more robust models.1
A Systemic Review on the Awareness, Adoption, and Utilization of Digital Health in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alfraih Abdulaziz Nasser , Lu He , Singh Chandrani
Published: December 2024

This study, grounded in existing literature, aims to establish a framework and derive conclusions regarding the awareness, acceptance, and utilization of digital medical and health services in Saudi Arabia. It sets the foundation for subsequent research phases to assess the impact of digital health adoption, evaluate the performance of these services, and provide governance insights. Metrics of adoption and acceptance are essential in determining the effectiveness and delivery of e-health services. The significance of this study lies in validating the acceptance and utilization of digital health services by diverse stakeholders, including patients, healthcare professionals, cloud service providers, and health systems, which will aid in future evaluations of performance and governance in digital healthcare. A systematic review was conducted, drawing on literature from various databases, to assess the levels of awareness, acceptance, and utilization of e-health services. Data were sourced from journal articles in databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, PubMed Central, CINAHL, and MEDLINE, focusing on segments such as telecare, telehealth, telemedicine, and mobile and digital health under the information and communication technology domain. This comprehensive review evaluates the awareness, adoption rate, utilization, and user experience of digital health services in Saudi Arabia.
Taming the Leviathan? The Reason of State in International Law
Authors: Vadi Valentina
Published: December 2024

In humanist political theory, the reason of state mostly described a course of action that did not follow the usual criteria of law but rather what was useful. Nonetheless, a broader understanding of the reason of state focused on the community’s core values. Such common interests (ius status or ragion di stato) could be contrasted with, and balanced against, those of the international community (ius gentium or ragione delle genti). According to the latter view, the reason of state did not abolish the rule of law. Rather, it indicated state governance to preserve public safety (conservare lo stato). The article investigates how Alberico Gentili (1552–1608), a religious refugee and Regius Professor at the University of Oxford, transplanted the reason of state from political theory into the law of nations while subjecting it to natural law (ius naturalis), which can be compared to the contemporary notion of jus cogens.
The Status of Pro-poor Sectors’ Service Delivery in Selected Woredas of Amhara Regional State
Authors: Mengistu Ebabu Chekole , Belay Degwale Gebeyehu , Engdaw Besfat Dejen , Abitew Endalsasa Belay , Megbaru Abeje Tafere , Wondim Yetimwork Aniteneh
Published: December 2024

Providing services to the poor is a challenging task of local governments in developing countries. Governments are criticized for being asymmetric and urban-biased. This study assessed the situation of service delivery in the five pro-poor sectors, i.e., education, health, water, agriculture, and road and Transport. The study employed qualitative and quantitative research methods. A descriptive and cross-sectional research design was employed. Accordingly, data were collected from 269 sample respondents, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and observations. Samples were selected from three zones, 5 woredas, and 10 kebeles. The data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques. The findings of the study indicated that basic services are still out of reach for most of the people. Services of the pro-poor sectors are not accessible and responsive and lack accountability and transparency. Due to this, customer satisfaction in the service of five pro-poor sectors is low.
A method for in-situ assessment of soybean suitability to Clanis bilineata tsingtauica Mell and selecting for rearing specialized varieties
Authors: Yang L.W. , Liu N. , Yan Y.L. , Xu Y.F. , Wang D.Q. , Chen X.X. , Zhao K. , Gai J.Y. , Xing G.N.
Published: December 2024

Clanis bilineata tsingtauica Mell (CBT) is a traditional edible insect. This study aimed to (1) establish an in-situ procedure for determining the suitability of soybean varieties for CBT rearing and (2) identify soybean varieties that are most conducive to CBT rearing. We developed two isolation rearing methods: the first employs mesh bags as isolation rearing tools in net houses (BIRN) and fields (BIRF), and the second uses net houses directly as isolation rearing tools (IRN). The suitability of fourteen soybean varieties with different maturity groups to CBT was assessed. Based on F values and genetic variation coefficients from single-factor and combined variance analyses across various environments, the weight of 15-day-old larvae was identified as the primary suitability indicator for BIRN and BIRF, and the 25-day-old larvae weight per plot was selected as the key indicator for IRN. BIRN and BIRF methods offer advantages such as moderate cost and high throughput, completing evaluations in just one-sixths of the consumable expenses required by IFN. IRN method more accurately reflects actual production condition, with larvae reared on mid-late maturing, lodging-resistant soybean varieties achieving significantly higher larval weights than those reared on other types of soybean varieties. BIRN and BIRF methods evaluate soybean varieties suitability for CBT primarily based on larval weight, whereas IRN considers both larval weight and larval survival rate. Thus, IRN provides a comprehensive assessment of soybean varieties suitability for CBT. BIRN and BIRF allow for multiple evaluations annually with low consumable expenses, while IRN can be employed to select varieties based on initial screening results from BIRN and BIRF. The combination of mesh bag and net house isolation rearing methods facilitates the identification of specialized soybean varieties for CBT rearing. By integrating both methods, two soybean varieties, NN18-25 and NN1138-2, were specifically identified optimal for CBT larval rearing.
Analysis of Research Trends in the Family Resemblance Approach to the Nature of Science in Science Education
Authors: Bae Kyungsuk , Son Yeon-A
Published: December 2024

This study was aimed at assessing the research trends in the family resemblance approach to the nature of science (FRA-to-NOS). This was accomplished through bibliometric analysis using the R program and a literature review employing the analysis framework. The findings demonstrated that the field of FRA-to-NOS has been experiencing growth, with the journal Science & Education being the primary source of coverage for the field. Additionally, the study identified the most influential authors and articles. In addition, the results also showed that the current FRA-to-NOS research has been more focused on general science rather than science subjects such as physics and biology. The results also showed that the research has centered on pre-service science teachers and that qualitative and mixed methods were mainly applied as research designs. Based on these findings, the researchers identified four research gaps, including the need to develop domain-specific teaching methods and materials and suggested directions for future research.
Evaluating the Impact of the OIDDE Learning Model on Critical Thinking, Learning Outcomes, Ethical Attitudes, and Learning Engagement among Indonesian High School Students
Authors: Hudha Atok Miftachul , Oktapiani Handri , Rahardjanto Abdulkadir
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the effectiveness of the orientation, identify, discussion, decision, and engage in behavior (OIDDE) learning model in enhancing biology learning outcomes, critical thinking, ethical attitudes, and engagement among high school students in Indonesia. Employing a quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-tests, the research included 66 randomly sampled students, evenly divided into experimental and control groups. Data were gathered through validated observation sheets, ethical attitude questionnaires, and tests, with analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) analysis conducted following normality and homogeneity tests. Results indicated significant improvements across all measured variables in the experimental group compared to the control group. The findings suggest that the OIDDE model was more effective than conventional methods in fostering comprehensive educational outcomes in biology, as its problem-based approach promotes active learning, ethical decision-making, and collaborative problem-solving, aligning well with the needs of 21st-century education. This study underscores the model’s potential for broader application across various subjects to enhance critical thinking, ethical behavior, and sustained student engagement.
Predictors of Mathematics Achievement among Eighth Graders in Jordan: Insights from timss 2019
Authors: Afari Ernest , Khine Myint Swe , El-Mikdadi Fikri Ahmed Dakhlalah , Almeqdadi Farouq
Published: December 2024

The present study investigated the associations of students sense of school belonging, instructional clarity in mathematics lessons, students like learning mathematics, students confident in mathematics, and mathematics achievement among eight graders in Jordan. Participants were 7,176 students from Jordan who participated in Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (timss 2019). The study employed structural equation modelling (sem) in Mplus to examine the relationships among the observed variables. The results indicated that sense of school belonging, students confident in mathematics and students like learning mathematics had statistically significant association with mathematics achievement, students like learning mathematics and students confident in mathematics. However, there was no association found between instructional clarity in mathematics lessons and mathematics achievement.
Laser Ablation of an Isolated External Auditory Canal Skin Wedge
Authors: Lakpa Koffi L. , Eyassu Daniel G. , Wiedermann Joshua P.
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

External ear malformations represent a spectrum of congenital anomalies that may involve the external auditory canal (EAC), tympanic membrane (TM), or associated structures. A rare anomaly, the EAC skin wedge, results from incomplete canalization during embryologic development. This report presents the clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and surgical management of this condition.

Objective:

To detail the successful surgical management of an isolated EAC skin wedge and demonstrate the applicability of argon laser in treating these congenital anomalies.

Methods:

A 13-month-old female presented with recurrent otitis media and mild bilateral conductive hearing loss. Physical examination revealed a fan-like skin wedge spanning the EAC to the TM. Imaging with temporal bone computed tomography confirmed the extent of the anomaly. Under general anesthesia, the skin wedge was ablated using an argon laser, followed by antibiotic-soaked packing to prevent scarring and recurrence. Follow-up audiometry and endoscopic evaluations assessed outcomes.

Results:

The procedure was well-tolerated, with no intraoperative complications. At 3 weeks and 3 months postoperatively, no recurrence of the skin wedge was observed, and audiometry normalized. The patient demonstrated improved middle ear ventilation and resolution of conductive hearing loss.

Conclusions:

This case demonstrates the successful use of argon laser in the management of a rare congenital EAC anomaly. Argon lasers offer precise ablation and excellent hemostasis, making them a valuable option for similar cases. This report emphasizes the importance of tailored surgical approaches for rare pediatric ear malformations.
Parental perspectives on barriers and facilitators of early adolescent outdoor play: A qualitative study
Authors: Cox Lindsay J , Cox Ashley , Morley Helen
Published: December 2024

Background:

Outdoor play supports physical and psychological health among children and early adolescents (EA; ages 10–14). However, most research to date has focused on younger children (under 10), leaving a gap in understanding the specific barriers and facilitators of outdoor play for EA.

Objective:

This study investigated parental perspectives on the barriers and facilitators of outdoor neighbourhood play for EA in the UK.

Methods:

Eleven parents (ages 30–50, 82% women) from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds participated in semi-structured online interviews. A content thematic analysis, guided by the socioecological model, was used to identify key themes.

Results:

Six key themes were developed: autonomy and independence, social connectedness, the built environment, social development, technology and parental behaviours. While parents recognised the importance of outdoor play for EA, concerns about neighbourhood safety, traffic and inadequate play and recreational facilities were significant barriers. Technology played a dual role: facilitating safety through regular communication but also contributing to sedentary behaviour. Parents also drew attention to lack of community cohesion, which limited their comfort about unsupervised outdoor play.

Conclusion:

Parents valued outdoor play but imposed restrictions due to safety concerns at a time at which EA should be developing independence and autonomy. Addressing these concerns by improved play and recreational facilities, fostering community trust and utilising safe technological solutions such as GPS trackers and apps providing location sharing could enhance outdoor play opportunities for EA. Future programmes and interventions should be tailored to meet the unique developmental needs of members of this age group.
Strategies to Increase Collaboration Between School Counselors and Transition Specialists: A Multi-Tiered Approach to College and Career Readiness
Authors: Challenger Clewiston D. , Lombardi Allison R. , Duquette Kevin , Espositio Christopher , DeJesus Joanna
Published: December 2024

School counselors are trained to holistically serve all students’ personal and academic development while also fostering college and career readiness (CCR). However, many school counselors inadequately serve students with disabilities due to a lack of training and/or time. Transition specialists are professionals staffed in the special education department whose primary role is to provide postsecondary transition support to students with disabilities. Though a collaborative approach would benefit most students, school counselors and transition specialists have not historically coordinated their efforts to provide CCR support to students with disabilities. To address this gap, this conceptual article describes a collaborative, multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS) approach utilizing both school counselors and transition specialists to better support students with disabilities in their CCR and postsecondary planning. Specific examples of how to implement a collaborative approach are provided. Implications for school counselors and counselor educators are discussed.
Development of online braiding angle measurement system
Authors: Ahn Jiseon , Kim Sungmin
Published: December 2024

In this study, a machine vision system was developed to measure the angle of surface fibers on braided preforms produced via the radial braiding method in real time. The system includes an image acquisition device that captures the preform images and a controller unit that manages this device and performs image analysis. A calibration method using a laser sensor and a calibration cylinder was also developed, enabling precise angle measurements across preforms of varying diameter. An image analysis algorithm was proposed that automatically measures the angle using edge detection and autocorrelation techniques. The experimental results confirmed the accuracy of the system in measuring braiding angles on various preforms.
Finite-time control design for permanent magnet synchronous motor speed regulation system
Authors: Cao Weili , Liu Dongqing , Lan Qixun , Li Shihua
Published: December 2024

This paper considers the finite-time speed regulation problem of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) servo system. Based on homogeneous system theory, a finite-time proportional-integral controller is first constructed for the d-axis current loop system, such that the desired current can be tracked in finite time. To overcome the influence of the unmatched load torque disturbance of the second-order model for the speed regulation system, a nonlinear integral dynamic is introduced. Then, based on an appropriate coordination and homogeneous system theory, a new finite-time proportional-integral-derivative controller is constructed. Strict theoretical analysis based on Lyapunov stability theory is provided to verify the finite-time stability of the corresponding closed-loop system. Finally, numerical simulation and experimental results are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed finite-time control method.
Distributed observer-based positive consensus of fractional-order multiagent systems over directed graphs
Authors: Cai Yuhang , Zhang Wei , Zhang Yalong , Hu Zhi , Hu Liduo
Published: December 2024

Fractional-order models can describe atypical and nonlinear dynamic behaviors more flexibly than integer-order systems. This article investigates the consensus problem of positive fractional-order multi-agent systems over directed graphs using a distributed observer-based approach. First, a distributed observer is used to estimate the agents’ states, offering larger design flexibility than the classical Luenberger observer. Second, sufficient and necessary conditions for the positive consensus of fractional-order multi-agent systems are established based on positive system theory. As these conditions involve Laplacian matrix information, they are further optimized to sufficient conditions expressed as Riccati-type inequalities by considering the number of nodes in the directed graphs. A semidefinite programming algorithm for achieving consensus in observer-based positive fractional-order multi-agent systems is presented by solving the algebraic Riccati inequalities. Finally, the validity of the results is confirmed through a numerical simulation.
A Novel Modified Gorilla Troops Optimizer Algorithm for Interline Power Flow Controller-Based Damping Controller Design
Authors: Khadanga Rajendra Kumar , Das Deepa , Panda Sidhartha , Mahapatrao Soumya Ranjan , Kar Manoj Kumar , Al Mansur Ahmed , Ustun Taha Selim , Kalam Akhtar
Published: December 2024

To stabilize frequency in a power system, this research study suggests a novel modified Gorilla Troops Optimizer (mGTO) technique, which builds on the original technique, and offers notable gains in effectiveness and efficiency when solving real-world optimization problems. A thorough comparative analysis reveals that the mGTO algorithm is the best option, outperforming its counterparts in terms of stability and overall performance. Interestingly, mGTO performs better than any of its competitors in terms of stability, making it the best option. The mGTO algorithm significantly reduces implementation time and enhances solution quality compared to the conventional GTO algorithm. A new linearized Phillips–Heffron model with an IPFC was developed to investigate power systems’ stability. To effectively dampen low-frequency oscillations, an auxiliary controller for modeling the IPFC is proposed. It provides four options for damping controllers, and the recommended mGTO algorithm is used to adjust the controller parameters. This method is superior to traditional controllers in stability control and has undergone extensive validation. It is a crucial instrument for controlling the frequency of an SMIB power system based on IPFC. Based on the simulation results, the updated strategy that has been suggested is the most effective way to define the mentioned damping controller by considering the percentage improvement in the goal function value.
Beyond the stacks: Reimagining collection development at the Uganda institute of information and communication technology library to champion SDG 16
Authors: Kaddu Sarah , Ssekitto Francis , Nalunkuma Elizabeth , Masenya Tlou Maggie
Published: December 2024

The study sought to examine the current collection development practices in Uganda Institute of Information and Communications Technology (UICT) Library. Specifically, the study investigated the current collection development practices, the factors influencing these practices and the challenges encountered. The study adopted a qualitative research approach, followed by a case study design with in-depth interviews and document analysis as data collection methods. The findings indicated an array of practices such digitisation, preservation, with multifaceted challenges such as absence of a library committee, low budget, fluctuating collection prices, absence of diverse collections. Strategies to enhance collection development practices included seeking financial support, implementation of library collection committees, use of digital resources. The findings shed light on the current state of UICT library equivalent to other academic libraries in the same region. Therefore, this study contributes valuable insights to the mushrooming challenges encountered at the library as well informing future efforts to optimise collection development in academic libraries.
The potential of experience sampling methods in palliative care
Authors: Geeraerts Joran , Pivodic Lara , Nooijer Kim de , Rosquin Lise , Naert Eline , Crombez Geert , De Ridder Mark , Van den Block Lieve
Published: December 2024

Background:

Experience sampling methods typically involve multiple self-report assessments per day over consecutive days. Unlike traditional patient-reported outcome measures or interviews, such methods offer the possibility to capture the temporal fluctuations of experiences in daily environments, making them valuable for studying the daily lives of people with advanced illness. Yet, their use in palliative care research is limited.

Aims:

To introduce experience sampling methods to the field of palliative care as a valuable tool for studying the everyday experiences of people with advanced illness, and to present the findings of an experience sampling methods pilot study with people with advanced breast or advanced lung cancer.

Evidence used to support the information presented:

We draw on published health research using experience sampling methods. We present a newly developed experience sampling methods questionnaire (ESM-AC) and report pilot study findings on the feasibility and acceptability of experience sampling methods among people with advanced breast or lung cancer.

Key learning points:

Experience sampling methods hold potential to uncover the dynamics of everyday experiences of people with advanced illness. The methods offer considerable flexibility and options to answer a variety of research questions, but consideration is required regarding sampling protocols and participant burden. We showed appropriate feasibility and acceptable participant burden of the methods among people with advanced breast or advanced lung cancer.
In vivo assessment of the influence of general anaesthetics on transmembrane water cycling in the brain
Authors: Cavallari Eleonora , Lorenzi Elena , Di Gregorio Enza , Ferrauto Giuseppe , Aime Silvio , Vallortigara Giorgio , Bifone Angelo
Published: December 2024

This study presents the first in vivo measurement of transcytolemmal water exchange in the brain using a novel Magnetic Resonance technique. We extend previous applications of Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) to examine water exchange across cellular membranes in late-stage chicken embryo brains. The immature blood-brain barrier at this stage allows Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents (GBCAs) to penetrate the brain’s interstitial space, sensitizing the CEST effect to water exchange between intra- and extracellular environments. Exchange rates were measured in the awake brain and under different anaesthetic regimens, including isoflurane and ketamine/xylazine. Results show that brain water exchange is dominated by activity-dependent mechanisms, with anaesthesia reducing exchange rates by over an order of magnitude. These findings suggest that anaesthetics may impact neuronal and glial function by interfering with active transport mechanisms, potentially altering brain water homeostasis. This study highlights the utility of CEST MRI for studying dynamic biological processes in vivo.
Long-term survival of a kidney transplant patient with advanced renal cancer after combination therapy: a case report and literature review
Authors: Peng Chao , Wang Weihao , Chen Jiajun , Pan Shouhua , Xu Gang , Li Mengyao , Zhang Lulu , Li Yulei , Zhao Keyuan , Jin Jing
Published: December 2024

De novo renal transplant carcinoma, especially in the context of bilateral renal carcinoma, is rare and often presents as small, low-grade papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC). There is currently no consensus or effective treatment for advanced metastatic RCC after kidney transplantation. A 40-year-old man developed de novo renal transplant carcinoma with venous thrombus and lung metastases 20 years after transplantation. The patient underwent cytoreductive nephrectomy followed by sequential treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies. After 2 years, the patient showed excellent graft function with no evidence of cancer progression. Despite subsequent graft failure, the disease remained controlled for more than 2 years and the patient survived for more than 3 years, which was significantly longer than the typical survival of 10 to 20 months in patients with advanced kidney cancer. The results suggest that combining cytoreductive nephrectomy with TKI and anti-PD-1 therapy may significantly prolong survival in patients with renal allograft carcinoma.
Exploring the epidemiological burden of RSV pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic: A Jordanian tertiary hospital experience
Authors: Al-Zayadneh Enas , Marie Dana , Khraisat Farah A. , Musa Suzan S. , AlSamhori Jehad Feras , Altamimi Dina Alkhateeb , Khashman Alia O. , Daher Amirah , AL-Iede Montaha
Published: December 2024

Objectives

To describe changes in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemiology, its associated clinical outcomes and predictors of severe acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) pre- and post-COVID-19.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort, we analysed data from electronic medical record of children <5 years who were hospitalized at Jordan University Hospital with RSV-associated ALRTI from 2018 to 2022.

Results

325 inpatients with respiratory infections were included. Rate of RSV infections decreased from 74% pre-pandemic to 30% post-pandemic. Patients diagnosed with ALRTI post-COVID had significantly higher SpO2, less chronic disease, lower temperature and respiratory rate at admission and fewer days in hospital compared with those diagnosed pre-COVID. Furthermore, patients diagnosed pre-pandemic were significantly more likely to have abnormal X-rays, used more antibiotics and antivirals, and had higher rates of severe disease than those with infection post-COVID.

Conclusion

COVID-19 and its associated social restriction measures led to changes in RSV epidemiology, characterized by a decline in rates and clinical severity in the post-pandemic period. However, further studies are needed to characterize the impact of COVID-19 on subsequent RSV seasons.
Joint Model for In-Person and Online Participation in Grocery Shopping, Health Services, Personal Business, and Dine In after the Pandemic
Authors: Shafie Imrul Kayes , Fatmi Mahmudur Rahman , Khaddar Shivam
Published: December 2024

In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, it’s crucial to understand how in-person and online activity engagement has changed, as their impacts on travel differ. For instance, ordering a meal for delivery might replace a restaurant trip, whereas online shopping could suppress more trips by increasing home-based activities. Conversely, online engagement may save time that, if spent on discretionary travel, will increase travel. Therefore, this study explores the impact of COVID-19 on in-person and online non-mandatory activities using data from a 2022 web-based survey in the Okanagan region, British Columbia, Canada. We examine in-person grocery shopping, personal business, health services, dine-in activities, and their online counterparts using a multivariate ordered probit model. This model uncovers interdependencies among activities and confirms the influence of sociodemographic factors, technology accessibility, mobility tools, attitudes, transport infrastructure, and land use attributes. Key findings reveal that online food ordering is positively linked with frequent online personal business, indicating that individuals are comfortable with various online activities. Regular in-person business activities boost dine-out frequency, showing efficient time management. Additionally, young adults are more likely to engage in online shopping and dining out. Transport infrastructures in residential areas positively influence in-person activities. These findings suggest significant implications: older adults need support for equitable digital engagement, and exposure to ICT devices could help. Planners and policymakers should carefully evaluate the diverse effects of online non-mandatory activities; for example, telemedicine may reduce congestion and emissions, whereas online shopping’s impact depends on delivery and pick-up modes.
Fractal Characterization of Channel-Lining Concrete Based on U-Net Deep Learning under Freeze–Thaw Cycles
Authors: Zou Chunxia , Sun Haoran , Tang Jiajun , Song Yuxin , Zhang Qiyi , Bian Ziwei
Published: December 2024

This study aims to examine the degradation patterns of channel-lining concrete in freeze–thaw cycles in north China. Experimental investigations were conducted to analyze the mechanical properties, surface morphology, and microscopic porosity of the concrete. The U-Net model was employed to perform semantic segmentation on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images which enhance the accuracy and efficiency of the identification of minute pores. First, its apparent and microscopic pore perimeter area was calculated using the Image Pro Plus image analysis software. The apparent and microscopic fractal dimensions were then computed using fractal theory principles. The experimental results indicated a degradation in the mechanical properties and an increase in the fractal dimension as a consequence of freeze–thaw cycles. The integration of concrete’s internal damage evolution characteristics with the apparent fractal dimension allows for a quantitative analysis of concrete’s damage characteristics when subjected to freezing and thawing. The study also enables the prediction of microscopic damage, facilitating the timely assessment of overall damage to the concrete lining of the channel system. Consequently, it will promptly develop an emergency maintenance plan for the concrete of the channel system.
Identifying the Threshold Discrepancy of Rear-End Conflicts under Clear and Rainy Weather Conditions Using Trajectory Data
Authors: Jin Qianqian , Abdel-Aty Mohamed , Ugan Jorge , Islam Zubayer , Zheng Ou
Published: December 2024

Surrogate safety measures (SSMs) have drawn considerable attention in the field of traffic safety. Previous studies have characterized SSMs based on road geometries and conflict types, exploring various SSM thresholds. Adverse weather conditions have been examined for their impact on safety events estimated from surrogate metrics, however, limited research focuses on discrepancies in SSM thresholds under various weather characteristics. This study investigated specific thresholds for modified time to collision (MTTC), deceleration rate to avoid a crash (DRAC), and single-step probabilistic driving risk field (S-PDRF) under clear and light rainy weather conditions. A total of 1,048 rear-end events in the expressway (724 clear and 324 rainy) were obtained from the CitySim dataset. A statistical test was conducted to examine the significance of three indicators under two weather scenarios. Subsequently, the peak over threshold (POT) and bimodal histogram threshold methods were employed to recommend appropriate thresholds. The results indicate that thresholds of MTTC and DRAC metrics have statistically significant differences under two weather scenarios. Specifically, the recommended MTTC thresholds were 4 s for rainy conditions and 2.3 s for clear conditions. Similarly, the DRAC thresholds were 3.2 m/s2 for clear weather and 2.4 m/s2 for rainy weather. Conversely, the threshold of S-PDRF was statistically insignificant between two weather conditions, suggesting a single threshold is appropriate for this measure regardless of weather. These findings can inform the design of active safety systems and traffic safety policies by suggesting different safety thresholds for triggering safety systems under clear and rainy conditions, thereby reducing false alarms.
A Latin American critique of instrumental reason
Authors: Regatieri Ricardo P , Trindade Lucas
Published: December 2024

Taking part in the broad contemporary effort of proposing an anticolonial and non-Eurocentric critical theory, this article sets out the dialogue between Aníbal Quijano's critique of coloniality, and Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer's critique of instrumental reason. Firstly, we reconstruct the critique of instrumental reason, highlighting how it is enriched when associated with the binary objective reason and subjective reason as well as aspects of negative dialectics. Secondly, we revisit Quijano's texts immediately preceding his decolonial phase. These texts allow us to see how the critique of instrumental reason is an integral part of and is enlarged by the concept of coloniality. Building on this double movement, we are able to map affinities, differences, and connections between the two critiques and their respective outlining of alternatives to instrumental reason, especially the mediations between, on the one hand, objective reason and non-identical, and, on the other, historical/alternative reason and heterogeneous totality.
Orbital Cellulitis and Abscess After Botulinum Toxin Injection: A Case Report
Authors: Khoury Sami , Almubarak Zaid , Moore Corey
Published: December 2024

Orbital cellulitis is a sight-threatening condition that can lead to abscesses, intracranial complications, and vision loss. The objective of this article is to discuss the case of an otherwise healthy 37-year-old woman who developed orbital cellulitis complicated by a periorbital abscess after botulinum toxin injections. About a week after Botox injections, this patient slowly developed left periorbital erythema and edema and was admitted to the hospital for a total of 2 weeks. Despite treatment with antibiotics, she went on to develop a soft tissue abscess that needed prompt drainage with ultrasound guidance. This case highlights an uncommon but serious complication of botulinum toxin injections. Cases of orbital cellulitis should be treated early with antibiotics and monitored closely for the development of an abscess. Early intervention in the case of abscess formation is paramount to relieve pressure and prevent permanent vision damage.
Nonfatal Strangulation Injuries: Improving Physician Knowledge and Attitudes
Authors: Pankratz Sarah , Clouse Margie , Motzkus Christine
Published: December 2024

In the emergency department, physicians evaluate patients who have experienced nonfatal strangulation resulting from sexual assault or intimate partner violence. Given the prevalence and potential consequences of nonfatal strangulation injuries, physicians need confidence in their decision-making for these patients. Previous educational interventions effectively improved physician knowledge of sexual assault and intimate partner violence patients; however, no studies have been conducted with the goal of improving physician knowledge about nonfatal strangulation injuries in this population. Pre- and post-intervention surveys were administered to physicians from four different south-central Indiana emergency departments. These surveys assessed comfort and knowledge regarding the treatment of survivors of sexual assault, intimate partner violence, and nonfatal strangulation. Additionally, six vignette-style questions designed to evaluate knowledge in clinical scenarios were also administered. A 15-min, interactive, educational presentation was delivered prior to the post-survey. Post-intervention participants tended to rate awareness of imaging recommendations and resources, decision-making, history taking, and use of trauma-informed care higher than pre-intervention participants. The post-intervention group ( n = 12) answered more clinical vignette questions correctly with an average of 92% correct compared with the pre-intervention group ( n = 22), which had an average of 76% correct. Based on these results a 15-min educational intervention was effective in improving physician knowledge, confidence, and comfort in treating patients who have experienced nonfatal strangulation in small community-based emergency department settings. In the future, similar interventions may be implemented in other emergency departments to increase awareness about the evaluation and treatment of nonfatal strangulation injuries.