bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biometric and Chemical Characterization of Fruits From Selections of Platonia insignis Mart., Native of the State of Maranhão, Brazil
Authors: Santos R. F. , Araujo J. R. G. , Neves Junior A. C. V. , Melo P. A. F. R. , Silva L. P. V. , Santos W. F. S. , Mendes B. M. M. , Rocha A. E. , Furtado M. B. , Mesquita M. L. R.
Published: January 2019

Brazil has a range of fruit species, especially native ones, which play an important role in the life of local populations, but are still little studied, as is the case of bacuri (Platonia insignis Mart.). P. insignis is a fruit tree species native from Amazon region and has great economic potential, mainly due to its excellent organoleptic and nutritional characteristics. Therefore, there is a need for research that seeks the proper use of the species, as well as the selection of superior genotypes. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize biometric and chemically fruits of eight selections of native P. insignis plants, from the municipalities of Presidente Juscelino and Santa Rita both located in Lower Munim region, state of Maranhão, Brazil. For the biometric characterization, 20 fruits, individually, were analyzed as to mass, longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, conformation index, seed number, parthenocarpic segments number, pulp yield and bark mass, and for the chemical characterization, samples composed of six fruits were analyzed as to soluble solids (°Brix), total acidity (% citric acid), soluble solids/acidity ratio and pH. There was significant difference for all characteristics evaluated. High coefficients of variation were observed, indicating variability among the selections and possibility of taking advantage for the genetic improvement. The results allow to indicate the fruits analyzed, both for the industrial market and for the in natura consumption, especially for the ‘Domingão’ and ‘Mamão’ selections.
Performance of Crambe Submitted to Aluminum Stress: An Important Oilseed Plant
Authors: Rosmaninho Lucas B. de C. , Dias L. A. S. , Silva Martha F. da , Vasconcelos Aline de A. , Santos Wedisson O. , Perez Carlos Eduardo A. , Vergutz Leonardus , Cardoso Lurian G.
Published: January 2019

Crambe is a potential oilseed plant, which has been suggested for cultivation as a cover crop in the Brazilian Savanna where acidic soils predominate. Understanding of its performance in those conditions is essential. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the morphological and physiological changes in crambe plants when subjected to Al exposure at different dose levels. Plants were allocated to a nutrient solution with Al treatments at concentrations of 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mmol L-1. The following parameters were determined: length of root (LR) and shoot (LS), dry mass of roots (RDM) and shoots (SDM), Al uptake in plant tissues, leaf area (LA), absolute growth rate (AGR), grain yield (GY), net CO2 assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E) and chlorophyll α fluorescence. The experimental design was completely randomized, consisting of five treatments with four replications. Regression analyses of growth parameters and mean comparative tests of physiological traits were performed. Roots concentrated approximately 40-fold more Al than shoots. There was a linear reduction in LS and LR with increasing doses of Al. For RDM, SDM, LA, AGR and GY, the reductions were similar and were better explained by quadratic models. Al damaged the photosynthetic apparatus of crambe plants, demonstrated by a significant reduction in the values of Fv/Fm (estimation of photosynthetic efficiency), A, gs and E, compared to the control. Al negatively affected growth parameters as well as the photosynthetic response of crambe plants, resulting in a substantial decrease in its grain yield.
Determination of Basal Temperature and Its Relationship With Jatropha Crop in Irrigated and Non-irrigated System
Authors: Moraes Diogo H. M. , Casaroli Derblai , Evangelista Adão W. P. , Júnior José Alves , Battisti Rafael , Mesquita Marcio
Published: January 2019

Full plant growth and development require, among others, air temperatures and water availability at levels appropriate to each crop. The effect of temperature on plant development can be represented by the thermal sum, which requires the lower basal temperature for each plant species. However, plant responses may be different when associated with different soil water contents. This work determined the lower and upper basal temperature of Jatropha curcas L. and verified the relationship between thermal sum and crop development under different water regimes, in the climatic conditions of Goiânia, GO, Brazil. We evaluated twenty-four plants cultivated at the planting density of 2,222.2 plants ha-1. Of these, twelve plants were irrigated from October 2010 to October 2012, whereas the other twelve remained unirrigated. Basal temperatures were estimated by four different methods described in the literature, in two phases of observation, maturity and total cycle. From the results, regression analysis was performed. The lower basal temperature was 4.9 and 7.2 °C, and upper basal temperature was 38.8 and 36.8 °C, respectively, for the maturity and total cycle stages. The accumulated thermal sum for the complete plant development of jatropha was 10,314.55 DD (±1574.73) for the non-irrigated treatment, and 9,260.67 DD (±735.06) for the irrigated treatment. The results of plant development showed good coefficient of determination in relation to the accumulated thermal sum.
Inoculum Density on Heterodera glycines Development in Resistant and Susceptible Soybean Cultivars
Authors: Araújo Fernando Godinho de , Silva Juliana de Oliveira , Barbosa Kássia Aparecida Garcia , Moreira Janaina Alves de Almeida , Rocha Mara Rúbia da
Published: January 2019

A series of factors can affect populations of H. glycines and even its life cycle, including inoculum density and genetic resistance of soybean cultivars. This study evaluated whether resistance reaction to H. glycines is effective in reducing nematode development under high inoculum concentration, as well as if such resistance reaction and inoculum density affect juvenil penetration and survival rate of H. glycines. Two trials were done using three soybean cultivars: one susceptible (BRS Valiosa RR) and two resistant (BRSGO Chapadões and BRSGO 8860RR) to H. glycines. The cultivars were subjected to four inoculum density (1,000, 2,500, 5,000 and 10,000 eggs and J2 per pot). The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 3 × 4 factorial scheme, with twelve replications. Two evaluations were done at 10 and 30 days after inoculation (DAI). Juvenile penetration in the roots was evaluated at 10 DAI and the number of females in the roots was estimated at 30 DAI. The survival rate was determined using both evaluations. Increasing initial density of H. glycines inoculum resulted in the increase of nematode final population in the susceptible cultivar, and the resistance reaction of soybean cultivars was not affected by the inoculum concentration. Penetration of J2 in the roots increased as inoculum density increased regardless of cultivar resistance or susceptibility. Nematode survival rate was greater in the susceptible cultivar.
Life Cycle of Heterodera glycines in Resistant and Susceptible Soybean
Authors: Araújo Fernando Godinho de , Ferrari Rodrigo Marques , Silva Juliana de Oliveira , Moreira Janaina Alves de Almeida , Rocha Mara Rúbia da
Published: January 2019

The life cycle of the soybean cyst nematode lasts approximately 21-24 days at temperatures ranging from 23 °C to 25 °C. Mean temperatures above 25 °C are often found in Goiás State and in other Brazilian regions. Thus, the aim of the present study is to assess the penetration and cycle duration of Heterodera glycines Type 0- (race 3) in nematode-resistant and susceptible soybean cultivars grown in greenhouse under controlled conditions. The study was conducted at soil temperatures ranging from 23.9 °C to 31.1 °C using two soybean cultivars that were assessed in ten different periods; each assessment was conducted in six plants. The herein used soybean cultivars were BRS Valiosa RR and BRSGO 8860RR, which were, respectively, susceptible and resistant to the nematode. Root staining assessments were performed 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 and 30 days after inoculation (DAI). Besides the root staining assessments, the females and eggs were also assessed through extraction using the sieving and flotation method, at the 30th DAI. Heterodera glycines J2 penetration was similar in both the susceptible and the resistant cultivars throughout the assessment period. It indicates that the nematode penetration was not affected by resistance. The Heterodera glycines cycle at soil temperature ranging from 23.9 °C to 31.1 °C and at room temperature ranging from 27.0 °C to 36.3 °C was complete in 15 days, in both the susceptible and the resistant cultivars. A similar number of J2 has penetrated the roots of both cultivars and greater penetration intensity was found from the 6th to the 15th DAI. The peak J3, J4 and female formation period in the resistant cultivar was later than that observed in the susceptible cultivar.
Potentials of Bio Fermented Rice Husk Meal as a Replacement to Brewer’s Dried Grain in Finisher Broiler’s Diet
Authors: Ikpe J. N. , Oko E. C. , Vining-Ogu I. C.
Published: January 2019

Generation of rice husk waste is currently increasing in Nigeria leading to piles of heaps of the rice husk around the rice mills. Production cost for broilers has risen tremendously due to high cost of feed ingredients one of which is Brewer’s Dried Grain (BDG). Rice husk has been identified as a feed stuff but it contains high fibre and is abrasive which hindered its utilization as feed ingredient in broiler production. This research was then, conducted to determine the effect of replacing BDG with bio fermented rice husk in finisher broiler’s diet. Four treatment diets were formulated. T1 (control) contained 15% BDG while in T2, T3 and T4 bio fermented rice husk meal replaced BDG at 33.33%, 66.67% and 100% respectively. The diets were assigned to 120 broilers of 28 days old in a complete randomized design of 10 broilers each replicated 3 times. The performance of the broilers was observed for 28 days. The broilers were slaughtered to obtain the carcass and organ characteristics. The daily weight gain was similar (P > 0.05) among the groups while feed intake was highest for T4 group and no mortality was recorded. The percentage live weight of all the carcass and organ characteristics were similar (P > 0.05) among the treatment groups except the breast muscle which reduced for broilers on the test ingredient. The cost of producing the treatment diets was highest for control diet while cost of feeding broilers to a kilogram weight was least for the control group. The research concluded that though the fermented rice husk had a potential to substitute BDG in the diet of finisher broilers, there was an indication of high production cost.
QUANTUM MICROGENESIS: EVOLUTION, SYNCHRONICITY, AND TENSELESSNESS
Authors: Germine Mark
Published: January 2019

Quantum nonlocality is described in the context of a subjective duration that has a period of unconscious simultaneity of potentials that are reduced to an actual observably-identical mixed state of consciousness that deposits time and duration at the end of the mental state. Quantum microgenesis involves the observer as the agent of experience, which is a single continuum from depth to surface in the genesis of the mental state, repeating prior states of the individual. Microgenesis is generalized as prior becomings going back to the inception of the Universe. Synchronicity is the fundamental principle of Mind, Self, and consciousness. Mind is always One, which cannot be multiplied. Synchronicity is beyond any process of inanimate quantum nonlocality. It is outside of the physics, as Mind is based on the actualization of the mixed state of the human mind rather than the single quantum eigenstate given by the physics. Consciousness is thus a process of an irreducible and indivisible Mind in ourselves and the acausal realm of synchronicity. The mental-physical process evolves from the unconscious subjective time in the period of simultaneity, proceeding to the actuality of the mixed state of consciousness through synchronicity in its operative role as manifestation of Mind. Periods of unconscious duration and simultaneity exist as potential and only become actual at the synchronous moment of conscious observation at the end of the cyclical mental state.
HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE OF A PATIENT FOLLOWING NEUROSURGERY ON GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME (GBM)
Authors: Morga Rafał , Moskała Marek , Adamek Dariusz , Góral-Półrola Jolanta , Herman-Sucharska Izabela , Pąchalska Maria
Published: January 2019

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) plays a role as a patient-centered meaningful endpoint, assessing the direct clinical benefit for a patient. The inclusion of HRQoL measurements in a glioma patient may provide important data to inform clinicians on treatment decision-making. The aim of the study was to evaluate cognitive decline and HRQoL in the clinical care of a patient following neurosurgery on of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).

A 69-year-old female developed malignant brain glioma in the right temporal-occipital area; this being confirmed by CT and MR study and neuropathological findings. She had complained of headaches, dizziness, nausea, vomiting as well as attention and memory loss, and anxiety, sadness and a slowing down in the performance of daily activities. The symptoms rapidly became worse and she was referred to a neurosurgery department for consultation. She was successfully neurosurgically operated on. She was examined with the use of ne uro psycho logical tests three times: the first examination was conducted before the neurosurgical operation, the second two weeks after, and the third half year after the neurosurgical operation. In the first examination by the standard Polish version of the Mindstreams™ Interactive Computer Tests disturbances for all the tested cognitive functions occurred. The greatest changes were to occur however in the areas of visual-spatial functions. attention, executive functions and memory. In the second test, a return to the norm was achieved for the disturbed cognitive and executive functions. In the third examination (half a year after the neurosurgical operation), the cognitive and executive functions were still not bad, but had slightly decreased. Similar trend was observed in HRQoL. A significant difference in the health profile between the 1 st and 2 nd as well as between 1 st and 3 rd examination was detected for the eight SF-36 domains - HRQoL was improved. While only slight but no significant changes occurred between 2 nd and 3 rd examination. HRQoL was still not bad, but had slightly decreased.

The patient after the neurosurgical operation of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is capable of carrying out daily activities, but shows some level of reduced complains for functional capacity, pain, general health and vitality, emotional and social functioning for mental health which has led to the impaired HRQoL.
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL REHABILITATION OF AN ADOLESCENT PATIENT AFTER INTRACRANIAL EMBOLIZATION OF AVM – A CASE STUDY
Authors: Golińska Paulina , Bidzan Mariola
Published: January 2019

This paper discussed a case study of a 15-year-old girl who had had a hemorrhagic stroke, caused by arteriovenous malformation. A brain arteriovenous malformation is a defect in the vascular system, a tangle of abnormal blood vessels connecting arteries and veins in the brain. The patient attended regularly neuropsychological rehabilitation and several various therapeutic methods were applied.

A neuropsychological diagnosis was performed before and after therapy. The first assessment showed some cognitive disturbances: difficulties in the organization of memorized material, difficulties in maintaining attention and deficits in abstract thinking. Furthermore there were observed emotional problems: depression and high perfectionism. The patient participated in individual therapy lasting one year. Neuropsychological rehabilitation took into consideration the personal psychological resources and cognitive and emotional difficulties.

As a result, there was observed an improvement in consequent cognitive functions: organization of memorized material, working memory, abstract thinking and verbal fluency. The emotional state was stable.

It is important that the therapy should be holistic and includes all aspects of the patient’s functioning, which may have an influence on the final result of rehabilitation. One of the most important aims of the therapy psychologist was an acceptance of the disease. The cognitive tasks can also include psychological and therapeutic exercises.
Pædagogiske spændingsfelter ved inddragelse af programmering i grundskolen
Authors: Elving Pernille Risør , Ryberg Thomas
Published: January 2019

Abstract (dansk)I denne artikel undersøges, hvordan programmering benyttes i en pædagogisk praksis i grundskolen, samt hvilket perspektiv faglærerne har på at inddrage programmering som fagligt element i deres undervisning. Artiklen bygger på en empirisk undersøgelse af tre skolers inddragelse af programmering i undervisningen på mellemtrinnet under Coding Class-forløb i Vejle Kommune, hvor fire faglærere blev interviewet omkring deres erfaringer med forløbet. Analysen er struktureret omkring en række spændingsfelter, der omhandler brugen af programmering som enten et fagspecifikt eller tværfagligt element, samt til understøttelse af elevernes faglige udbytte eller deres interesse, og slutteligt lærernes tilgang til deres egen rolle i klasseværelset. Lærerne oplevede alle højt engagement og fordybelse med programmeringsaktiviteterne blandt eleverne, men flere udtrykte behov for større kontrol med elevernes fagspecifikke udbytte og oplevede begrænsninger omkring egne tekniske kompetencer. På baggrund af analysen opstilles en række konkrete pædagogiske overvejelser, der udgør opmærksomhedspunkter til fremtidig planlægning og inddragelse af programmering i undervisningsforløb samt overvejelser omkring lærerens rolle i sådanne forløb. Abstract (engelsk)This article examines how programming is used as a pedagogical practice in K-12 and what perspective teachers have on implementing programming as a subject-specific element in their teaching. The article is based on an empirical study of three schools' use of programming during Coding Class in Vejle Kommune, where four teachers were interviewed about their experiences with the project. The analysis is structured around a number of challenges: including whether programming should be used as a subject-specific or interdisciplinary element and whether the goal is to enable development of student’s subject-specific learning or support their interests and finally, how teachers approach their own role in the classroom. All the teachers in the study experienced high levels of engagement and immersion in the programming activities among the students but several of the teachers lacked control over the students’ learning outcome and experienced limitations in their own technical skills. Based on the analysis, a number of concrete pedagogical considerations are presented, which can form the basis for planning and incorporating future programming activities in K-12.
Data literacy som en sammensat kompetence
Authors: Caviglia Francesco , Pedersen Alex Young
Published: January 2019

Data literacy defineres som en sammensat kompetence i spændingsfeltet mellem kompetencer i statistik samt datavisualisering og mere overordnede dispositioner og kompetencer i at undersøge problemer og søge løsninger ved hjælp af data. Data literacy foreslås derfor som et element i digitale dannelse, der flytter grænsen ift. hvad det betyder at være ‘dannet’ i informationssamfundet. Artiklen forsøger at besvare spørgsmålet om hvorvidt idealet om en ‘citizen data scientist’ - eller datakyndig medborger - er en realistik rollemodel, som med fordel kan inddrages i undervisning, eller om data science udelukkende er et domæne for specialister? Med udgangspunkt i eksempler af ressourcer og praksisser, som kræver data literacy, men samtidig understøtter tilegnelse af samme, argumenterer artiklen for at data literacy bedst defineres som en sammensat kompetence, der først og fremmest kan tilskrives et undersøgende praksisfællesskab frem for en enkelte individ. Definitionen kalder derfor på nye samarbejder mellem faglige områder samt arbejdsformer, som kan integrere forskellige kompetencetyper og -niveauer på tværs af fag.
The Art of the Metaobject Protocol
Authors: Kiczales Gregor , des Rivieres Jim , Bobrow Daniel G.
Published: January 2019

The authors introduce this new approach to programming language design, describe its evolution and design principles, and present a formal specification of a metaobject protocol for CLOS.

The CLOS metaobject protocol is an elegant, high-performance extension to the CommonLisp Object System. The authors, who developed the metaobject protocol and who were among the group that developed CLOS, introduce this new approach to programming language design, describe its evolution and design principles, and present a formal specification of a metaobject protocol for CLOS.

Kiczales, des Rivières, and Bobrow show that the "art of metaobject protocol design" lies in creating a synthetic combination of object-oriented and reflective techniques that can be applied under existing software engineering considerations to yield a new approach to programming language design that meets a broad set of design criteria.

One of the major benefits of including the metaobject protocol in programming languages is that it allows users to adjust the language to better suit their needs. Metaobject protocols also disprove the adage that adding more flexibility to a programming language reduces its performance. In presenting the principles of metaobject protocols, the authors work with actual code for a simplified implementation of CLOS and its metaobject protocol, providing an opportunity for the reader to gain hands-on experience with the design process. They also include a number of exercises that address important concerns and open issues.

Gregor Kiczales and Jim des Rivières, are Members of the Research Staff, and Daniel Bobrow is a Research Fellow, in the System Sciences Laboratory at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center.
Belief's Own Ethics
Authors: Adler Jonathan E.
Published: January 2019

The fundamental question of the ethics of belief is "What ought one to believe?" According to the traditional view of evidentialism, the strength of one's beliefs should be proportionate to the evidence. Conventional ways of defending and challenging evidentialism rely on the idea that what one ought to believe is a matter of what it is rational, prudent, ethical, or personally fulfilling to believe. Common to all these approaches is that they look outside of belief itself to determine what one ought to believe.

In this book Jonathan Adler offers a strengthened version of evidentialism, arguing that the ethics of belief should be rooted in the concept of belief—that evidentialism is belief's own ethics. A key observation is that it is not merely that one ought not, but that one cannot, believe, for example, that the number of stars is even. The "cannot" represents a conceptual barrier, not just an inability. Therefore belief in defiance of one's evidence (or evidentialism) is impossible. Adler addresses such questions as irrational beliefs, reasonableness, control over beliefs, and whether justifying beliefs requires a foundation. Although he treats the ethics of belief as a central topic in epistemology, his ideas also bear on rationality, argument and pragmatics, philosophy of religion, ethics, and social cognitive psychology.

Bradford Books imprint
Globalization and Its Enemies
Authors: Cohen Daniel
Published: January 2019

A provocative argument that the frustrations of globalization stem from the gap between the expectations created and the lagging economic reality in poor countries.

The enemies of globalization—whether they denounce the exploitation of poor countries by rich ones or the imposition of Western values on traditional cultures—see the new world economy as forcing a system on people who do not want it. But the truth of the matter, writes Daniel Cohen in this provocative account, may be the reverse. Globalization, thanks to the speed of twenty-first-century communications, shows people a world of material prosperity that they do want—a vivid world of promises that have yet to be fulfilled. For the most impoverished developing nations, globalization remains only an elusive image, a fleeting mirage. Never before, Cohen says, have the means of communication—the media—created such a global consciousness, and never have economic forces lagged so far behind expectations. Today's globalization, Cohen argues, is the third act in a history that began with the Spanish Conquistadors in the sixteenth century and continued with Great Britain's nineteenth-century empire of free trade. In the nineteenth century, as in the twenty-first, a revolution in transportation and communication did not promote widespread wealth but favored polarization. India, a part of the British empire, was just as poor in 1913 as it was in 1820. Will today's information economy do better in disseminating wealth than the telegraph did two centuries ago? Presumably yes, if one gauges the outcome from China's perspective; surely not, if Africa's experience is a guide. At any rate, poor countries require much effort and investment to become players in the global game. The view that technologies and world trade bring wealth by themselves is no more true today than it was two centuries ago. We should not, Cohen writes, consider globalization as an accomplished fact. It is because of what has yet to happen—the unfulfilled promises of prosperity—that globalization has so many enemies in the contemporary world. For the poorest countries of the world, the problem is not so much that they are exploited by globalization as that they are forgotten and excluded.
The High Price of Materialism
Authors: Kasser Tim
Published: January 2019

A study of how materialism and consumerism undermine our quality of life.

In The High Price of Materialism, Tim Kasser offers a scientific explanation of how our contemporary culture of consumerism and materialism affects our everyday happiness and psychological health. Other writers have shown that once we have sufficient food, shelter, and clothing, further material gains do little to improve our well-being. Kasser goes beyond these findings to investigate how people's materialistic desires relate to their well-being. He shows that people whose values center on the accumulation of wealth or material possessions face a greater risk of unhappiness, including anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and problems with intimacy—regardless of age, income, or culture.

Drawing on a decade's worth of empirical data, Kasser examines what happens when we organize our lives around materialistic pursuits. He looks at the effects on our internal experience and interpersonal relationships, as well as on our communities and the world at large. He shows that materialistic values actually undermine our well-being, as they perpetuate feelings of insecurity, weaken the ties that bind us, and make us feel less free. Kasser not only defines the problem but proposes ways we can change ourselves, our families, and society to become less materialistic.

Bradford Books imprint
On the Syntactic Composition of Manner and Motion
Authors: Zubizarreta Maria Luisa , Oh Eunjeong
Published: January 2019

This crosslinguistic study of the structure of motion predicates argues for the universal syntactic nature of the composition of manner and motion within the verbal constituent. In serial verb languages, manner and motion are overtly represented as two distinct morphosyntactic units, sequentially ordered. Zubizarreta and Oh argue that the same analysis into two units holds for nonserial verb languages, albeit at a more abstract level. They argue further that this abstract level is part of the syntactic component of the grammar.The authors support their argument with a wealth of empirical data and a discussion of significant theoretical issues. Unlike many books and articles that discuss the relation between constructional meaning and the lexicon, On the Syntactic Composition of Manner and Motion examines one phenomenon in detail: the articulation of manner and motion, in three distinct language families—Germanic, Korean, and Romance. The authors' defense of the syntactic approach to constructional meaning will be of interest to linguists and psycholinguists both inside and outside the generative tradition, and to scholars of Romance, Germanic, and Korean languages.
Recycling Reconsidered
Authors: MacBride Samantha
Published: January 2019

How the success and popularity of recycling has diverted attention from the steep environmental costs of manufacturing the goods we consume and discard.

Recycling is widely celebrated as an environmental success story. The accomplishments of the recycling movement can be seen in municipal practice, a thriving private recycling industry, and widespread public support and participation. In the United States, more people recycle than vote. But, as Samantha MacBride points out in this book, the goals of recycling—saving the earth (and trees), conserving resources, and greening the economy—are still far from being realized. The vast majority of solid wastes are still burned or buried. MacBride argues that, since the emergence of the recycling movement in 1970, manufacturers of products that end up in waste have successfully prevented the implementation of more onerous, yet far more effective, forms of sustainable waste policy. Recycling as we know it today generates the illusion of progress while allowing industry to maintain the status quo and place responsibility on consumers and local government.

MacBride offers a series of case studies in recycling that pose provocative questions about whether the current ways we deal with waste are really the best ways to bring about real sustainability and environmental justice. She does not aim to debunk or discourage recycling but to help us think beyond recycling as it is today.
Complex spike synchrony dependent modulation of rat deep cerebellar nuclear activity
Authors: Tang Tianyu , Blenkinsop Timothy A , Lang Eric J
Published: January 2019

The rules governing cerebellar output are not fully understood, but must involve Purkinje cell (PC) activity, as PCs are the major input to deep cerebellar nuclear (DCN) cells (which form the majority of cerebellar output). Here, the influence of PC complex spikes (CSs) was investigated by simultaneously recording DCN activity with CSs from PC arrays in anesthetized rats. Crosscorrelograms were used to identify PCs that were presynaptic to recorded DCN cells (presynaptic PCs). Such PCs were located within rostrocaudal cortical strips and displayed synchronous CS activity. CS-associated modulation of DCN activity included a short-latency post-CS inhibition and long-latency excitations before and after the CS. The amplitudes of the post-CS responses correlated with the level of synchronization among presynaptic PCs. A temporal precision of ≤10 ms was generally required for CSs to be maximally effective. The results suggest that CS synchrony is a key control parameter of cerebellar output.

Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
eIF2B activator prevents neurological defects caused by a chronic integrated stress response
Authors: Wong Yao Liang , LeBon Lauren , Basso Ana M , Kohlhaas Kathy L , Nikkel Arthur L , Robb Holly M , Donnelly-Roberts Diana L , Prakash Janani , Swensen Andrew M , Rubinstein Nimrod D , Krishnan Swathi , McAllister Fiona E , Haste Nicole V , O'Brien Jonathon J , Roy Margaret , Ireland Andrea , Frost Jennifer M , Shi Lei , Riedmaier Stephan , Martin Kathleen , Dart Michael J , Sidrauski Carmela
Published: January 2019

The integrated stress response (ISR) attenuates the rate of protein synthesis while inducing expression of stress proteins in cells. Various insults activate kinases that phosphorylate the GTPase eIF2 leading to inhibition of its exchange factor eIF2B. Vanishing White Matter (VWM) is a neurological disease caused by eIF2B mutations that, like phosphorylated eIF2, reduce its activity. We show that introduction of a human VWM mutation into mice leads to persistent ISR induction in the central nervous system. ISR activation precedes myelin loss and development of motor deficits. Remarkably, long-term treatment with a small molecule eIF2B activator, 2BAct, prevents all measures of pathology and normalizes the transcriptome and proteome of VWM mice. 2BAct stimulates the remaining activity of mutant eIF2B complex in vivo, abrogating the maladaptive stress response. Thus, 2BAct-like molecules may provide a promising therapeutic approach for VWM and provide relief from chronic ISR induction in a variety of disease contexts.
Correlation Between Physiologic and Osteopathic Measures of Sympathetic Activity in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Davis Sarah E. , Hendryx Jan , Bouwer Stephanie , Menezes Christian , Menezes Heather , Patel Vishesha , Speelman Diana L.
Published: January 2019

Background

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormone disorder that affects the reproductive, metabolic, and psychological health of reproductive-aged females, with a number of long-term health risks, including type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular sequelae. Sympathetic hyperactivity in affected persons may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disorder.

Objective

To determine whether physiologic and osteopathic measures of increased sympathetic tone correlate in a population of women with PCOS.

Methods

For this descriptive observational study, women with PCOS between the ages of 20 and 44 years were recruited. Physiologic measures of sympathetic tone (resting heart rate and blood pressure, resting heart rate variability, and postexercise heart rate recovery and blood pressure) were compared with osteopathic measures of sympathetic tone (Chapman points and viscerosomatic reflexes) for the heart, adrenal glands, and ovaries.

Results

Twenty-four women participated in the study. Overall, the participants exhibited both physiologic and osteopathic signs of increased sympathetic tone compared with reference values. In some participants, the number of osteopathic findings were greater than the number of physiologic findings of increased sympathetic tone.

Conclusions

Women with PCOS exhibit increased sympathetic tone by physiologic and osteopathic measures, indicating the utility of assessing sympathetic hyperactivity in these patients by osteopathic methods. Osteopathic structural examination is a valuable diagnostic tool that may allow detection of sympathetic hyperactivity in women with PCOS even before physiologic symptoms manifest. The osteopathic indicators of increased sympathetic tone may represent potential therapeutic targets to improve health in this population. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03383484)
Post-mortem detection of six human herpesviruses (HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, EBV, CMV, HHV-6) in trigeminal and facial nerve ganglia by PCR
Authors: Ptaszyńska-Sarosiek Iwona , Dunaj Justyna , Zajkowska Agata , Niemcunowicz-Janica Anna , Król Monika , Pancewicz Sławomir , Zajkowska Joanna
Published: January 2019

Background

Among over 100 types ofHerpesviridaeviruses, eight can infect humans: herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1, HSV-2), varicella zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and human herpesviruses 6, 7, and 8 (HHV-6, HHV-7, HHV-8). After initial infection, the viruses remain latent for the lifetime of the host. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of six different herpesviruses: HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, EBV, CMV, and HHV-6 in trigeminal and facial nerve ganglia among a random group of Polish population.

Methods

The studied group consisted of 47 individuals (40 male, seven female); mean age of 47.4 ± 16.5 years) who died of independent causes (suicide, traffic accident, and poisoning, among others). Bilateral trigeminal and facial nerve ganglia of each cadaver were collected during the autopsy. Herpesviruses were detected using multiplex polymerase chain reaction technique.

Results

Herpesviruses were found in trigeminal and/or facial ganglia in 30/47 (63.8%) of cadavers. HHV-6 was the most prevalent of the herpesviruses and was found in nearly half of cadavers (n= 22; 46.8%), followed by HSV-1 (n= 7; 14.9%), VZV (n= 4; 8.5%), EBV (n= 4; 8.5%), HSV-2 (n= 2; 4.3%), and CMV (n= 1; 2.1%). Facial nerve ganglia (n= 23; 48.9%) were more often infected than trigeminal ganglia (n= 13; 27.7%).

Discussion

The results of this study have revealed a common presence of the herpesviruses in trigeminal and facial nerve ganglia among a random group of Polish population. Furthermore, the data also demonstrate simultaneous infection of the ganglia with different herpesviruses. This study has contributed to the knowledge of prevalence and localization of herpesviruses in different structures of the nervous system.
Survival under anthropogenic impact: the response of dragonflies (Odonata), beetles (Coleoptera) and caddisflies (Trichoptera) to environmental disturbances in a two-way industrial canal system (central Poland)
Authors: Buczyńska Edyta , Buczyński Paweł
Published: January 2019

Ecological metrics and assemblages of three orders of aquatic insects (Odonata, Coleoptera and Trichoptera—OCT) in an industrial canal system affected by dredging were studied. Five sites (a river as a control site and canals) along the Vistula River in Central Poland were sampled during six sampling periods (2011 and 2013). Canonical correspondence analyses (CCA) was used to assess the influence of environmental variables on the distribution of 54 insect species in the following system of habitats—a river feeding the canals, river-fed inlet canals and outlet canals with cooling waters. Additionally, before and after control impact (BACI) was used to test for the impact of canal dredging in 2011 on the insect response metrics. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis differentiated insect assemblages of the three habitats and similarity percentage (SIMPER) indicated the species most responsible for the faunistic dissimilarities. Temperature was found to be a key factor governing the presence of insects in the outlet canals with cooling water. CCAs revealed that electrolytic conductivity (EC) and salinity had the greatest influence on the OCT fauna in the river and the inlet canals, whilst it was the dissolved oxygen and the level of development of aquatic plants that proved most important in the outlet canals. Modified ANOVAs showed that dredging significantly affected the mean species richness and the dominance in the canals. The changes in OCT species composition were highly informative. The comparison between tolerance patterns of the OCT orders against the five parameters (temperature, EC, total dissolved solids (TDS), pH and current) revealed that caddisflies are the most sensitive group, followed by Coleoptera while Odonata proved the most resistant. Dragonflies have the greatest potential to serve as bioindicators of industrially heated waters. The OCT fauna responded specifically to different environmental factors and stressors, it is strongly recommended to track the responses on different levels, not only metrics, but above all, species.
POVOS INDÍGENAS E SUAS NARRATIVAS AUTOBIOGRÁFICAS (INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND THEIR AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL NARRATIVES)
Authors: Costa Suzane Lima
Published: January 2019

Dentro ou fora do âmbito acadêmico, as ideias sobre os indígenas no Brasil quase sempre excluem os seus nomes próprios para representá-los como coletividade, como povo. Falar em autobiografias ou em biografias indígenas ainda é estar diante de um assunto pouco investigado, tanto no campo das nossas Letras, quanto no campo da Etnologia indígena. Todavia, desde o início do processo de retomada das suas terras, os indígenas vêm produzindo uma série de narrativas autobiográficas, demonstrando como esse fazer textual, tradicionalmente vinculado à formação do indivíduo ocidental, pode ser constituído e reapropriado em diferentes traduções ameríndias. É na esteira desse cenário que pretendo apresentar uma discussão sobre essas produções, analisando o que dizem as suas assinaturas coletivas e como os seus nomes próprios são construídos e significam em nome do grupo.
USOS DA LÍNGUA ALEMÃ EM DUAS LOCALIDADES DE BLUMENAU, SC: “É LEGAL, EU GOSTO DE FALAR COM A MINHA OMA” (USES OF GERMAN IN TWO LOCATIONS IN BLUMENAU, SC: “IT’S COOL, I ENJOY TALKING TO MY OMA")
Authors: Fritzen Maristela Pereira , Nazaro Ana Carolina De Souza , Sieves Rafaela
Published: January 2019

Discute-se neste artigo dados parciais de uma pesquisa mais abrangente que objetivou caracterizar o cenário sociolinguístico de localidades bi/multilíngues de Blumenau, SC. O levantamento de dados foi feito em duas escolas rurais desse município, por meio de dois questionários, aplicados aos alunos do 1º ao 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental e as suas respectivas famílias. Os dados indicam que a língua alemã, como língua de imigração, ainda está presente nas interações sociais das duas localidades foco da pesquisa. Quanto às atitudes dos falantes com relação às línguas presentes nas comunidades, infere-se que os sujeitos relacionam a língua alemã aos traços culturais do grupo.
INTELIGÊNCIA COLETIVA, EDUCAÇÃO PLURALISTA E MULTILETRAMENTOS: ALTERNATIVA PARA O ENSINO EM SITUAÇÕES DE DIFICULDADES DE APRENDIZAGEM DA LEITURA (COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE, PLURALIST EDUCATION, AND MULTILITERACIES: AN ALTERNATIVE TO TEACHING IN CHALLENGING
Authors: Wielewicki Vera Helena Gomes
Published: January 2019

Este trabalho pretende apresentar uma alternativa de educação que contemple aprendizes portadores das chamadas “dificuldades de leitura e escrita” em suas epistemologias específicas. Para isso, parte-se do conceito de inteligência coletiva de Pierre Lévy (2015) e de educação pluralista de Kalantzis e Cope (2000), através dos multiletramentos. Para a proposta, é fundamental des-hierarquizar a escrita em sala de aula, contribuindo para o aprendizado recíproco que fomenta o pensamento e a imaginação coletivos, contemplando o outro como alguém que detém uma forma de conhecimento valorizada e desejada quando outros meios, diferentes da escrita, são igualmente valorizados.
UM CAMINHO DE ANÁLISE PARA CONSTRUÇÕES PASSIVAS SINTÉTICAS
Authors: Lazzarini-Cyrino João Paulo
Published: January 2019

Construções passivas sintéticas apresentam duas importantes características que se manifestam entre as línguas: o sincretismo de suas marcas com as de construções reflexivas e um forte componente impessoal, que as permite terem uma interpretação genérica ou inclusiva. Este trabalho aponta um caminho de análise para essas construções que preveja esses dois fenômenos atestados translinguisticamente. Esse caminho se pauta em uma análise sintática e argumental para a marca passiva, nos moldes de D'Alessandro (2007).
A INTERAÇÃO ENTRE “COBRA NORATO” E “MEU TIO O IAUARETÊ”
Authors: Guimarães Fabíola
Published: January 2019

Raul Bopp e João Guimarães Rosa levam seus leitores a movimentarem-se, mobilizando-os, colocando-os em processo de mudança. É o que ocorre nas obras “Cobra Norato” e ”Meu Tio o Iauaretê”, nas quais potências arrastam, provocam e têm a possibilidade de desalojar. Percebemos nesses textos o ápice do perspectivismo ameríndio, conceito defendido por Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, e também do devir-animal, termo cunhado pelos filósofos Gilles Deleuze e Felix Guattari para defender o rompimento de fronteiras entre o mundo humano e o mundo animal. Ao analisarmos o espaço em que as tramas ocorrem, caracterizamos as personagens e examinamos a linguagem.
FOTO, MÁCULA, MEMÓRIA: UMA ENTREVISTA COM NUNO RAMOS
Authors: Ribeiro Gustavo Silveira , Santos Tatiana De Almeida
Published: January 2019

O texto é a descrição de uma entrevista realizada com o poeta, ensaísta e artista plástico contemporâneo Nuno Ramos em seu estúdio em São Paulo. A entrevista gira em torno da relação entre Literatura e Fotografia, presente em algumas das principais obras do artista.
WHICH ENGLISH PLEASES YOUR EAR? AN ATTITUDE STUDY ON ACCENTS IN TIMES OF ENGLISH AS A LINGUA FRANCA (Que inglês lhe soa agradável? Um estudo atitudinal sobre sotaques em tempo de Inglês como língua franca)
Authors: Silva Juliana Souza da
Published: January 2019

From the second half of the 20th century, English has become the most widely spoken language for international communication in the world. It connects people with varied lingua-cultures who otherwise would not be able to communicate, functioning as a global lingua franca. Since the majority of the speakers are non-native, we need to ask ourselves why there are so many people struggling to sound native-like in English. About the repercussions of an accent, Mcnamara (2001) states that we not only evaluate people by how they speak, we also evaluate their speech by our sociocultural connotations of the group they belong to. Reflecting on this issue, this is an attitude study on accents of English as lingua franca (ELF) interactions through the analyses of the answers to a questionnaire applied to students of English in Salvador (BA). The ponderations are based on paramount sociolinguistic themes like the “inherent value” granted to hegemonic varieties, as well as in the attempt understand the participants’ attitude toward accents of English in international settings. It aims, among other things, to raise the awareness of how much work still needs to be done to legitimize non-hegemonic Englishes.
É possível um ESTADO* que abarque a multidão queer? Breves considerações sobre a política sexual na biopolítica contemporânea
Authors: Lima Fátima
Published: January 2019

Pensar a possibilidade de construção e efetivação do que se pode designar como políticas queer noâmbito do Estado é o ponto central do texto. O paradoxo - como pensar a possibilidade queer (máquina de guerrae resistência) no âmbito do aparelho de captura Estado - conduzem as inquietações. Como cenário toma-se abiopolítica contemporânea, contexto no qual a relação saber/poder incita/produz ao tempo que controla os modosde subjetivação. Como intercessores dialoga com Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari, Judith Butler,Marie Hélène Bourcier, Beatriz Preciado, entre outros/as, num exercício de bricolagem intelectual e prática,configurando-se muito mais em notas provisórias do que em um texto acabado sobre os caminhos da políticaqueer na contemporaneidade.
A rubra ascese queer de João Francisco dos Santos: Madame Satã, do testemunho às telas
Authors: Alós Anselmo Peres
Published: January 2019

o filme Madame Satã, de Karim Aïnouz, desloca as convenções formais de binarismos construídos esubscritos por grande parte das narrativas culturais brasileiras, tais como “heterossexualidade vs.homossexualidade”, “negro vs. branco” e “masculino vs. feminino”. É mister salientar o papel das estratégiasperformativas e paródicas como fundamentais para a constituição de arranjos disruptivos de gênero, raça esexualidade. Realiza-se, neste artigo, um exercício dialógico de análise fílmica, estabelecendo interconexõesentre documentos históricos e literários que também se ocuparam de enunciar a trajetória de João Francisco dosSantos, o sedutor malandro travestido da Lapa.