bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Seed Invigoration Treatments with Bio-priming on Germination, Vigour and Seedling Growth in Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)
Authors: Sutradhar Sayandeep , Choudhury Anish , Bordolui Sanjoy Kumar
Published: July 2023

A study had been conducted in black gram to observe the effect of different seed invigoration treatments with bio-priming for seed germination, seedling growing and vigour. The variety of black gram i.e., Uttara, was selected and seed had been treated with control (T1); Seeds soaked in distilled water/ hydropriming (T2); Rhizobium leguminosarum 10% (T3); Rhizobium leguminosarum 15% (T4); Rhizobium leguminosarum 20% (T5); Rhizobium leguminosarum 25% (T6); Rhizobium leguminosarum 30% (T7) respectively. Treated seeds were grown in different glass plate and patri plate at Seed Testing Laboratory, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India. Seed invigoration with Rhizobium leguminosarum at 20% followed by T4 was found very effective for seed germination with vigorous seedlings. Higher seed germination percentage (82.60), shoot length (17.89 cm), root length (12.99 cm), seedling fresh weight (1.87 g), seedling dry weight (0.19 g), seedling vigour index I (2393.62) and seedling vigour index II (15.96) results were observed for the seed bioprimed with Rhizobium leguminosarum at 20%. Seed treatment with Rhizobium leguminosarum at 20% recorded better performance than rest the treatments for all characters observed. The present investigation clearly depicted that the germination, vigour and seedling growth revalidated seed lots can be improved by pre-sowing and invigoration treatments.
GC-MS Based Metabolomic Profiling of Streptomyces clavuligerus Isolated from Ocimum gratissimum Rhizosphere
Authors: Ifediora R. G. , Anyamene C. O. , Ikele M. O. , Ezebialu C. U.
Published: July 2023

Streptomyces clavuligerus is a member of the Actinobacteria family primarily known for its production of clavulanic acid antibiotic. The need for identification of new antimicrobials led to the identification of volatile components of S. clavuligerus metabolites using GC-MS. The isolate was obtained from Ocimum gratissimum rhizosphere using starch casein agar, and identified using molecular typing. The preliminary antibacterial screening of the isolate was carried out using some indicator bacteria from wound sites and urinary tract infection. Its bioactive metabolites were obtained using sub-merged fermentation over a four-day period, and the volatile compounds identified using GC-MS. The organism showed significant (p<0.05) inhibition on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Metabolomics study revealed the presence of compounds of alkanone and alkene functional groups. Eicosene was the major antimicrobial compound identified. Likewise, a non-antimicrobial, steroidal metabolite – pregnelonone, was also dominant in the metabolite mixture produced by the organism. Identifying volatile constituents of microbial metabolites may be a route for obtaining new antimicrobials and the GC-MS is a useful tool for achieving such aim.
Efficacy of Fixed-dose Combination of Dapagliflozin and Sitagliptin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring: A Real-world Study in India
Authors: Bhattacharyya Supratik , Muchhala Sameer , Jhaveri Kunal
Published: July 2023

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive disease with multifactorial aetiology. Metformin monotherapy is commonly used as the initial treatment, but is often inadequate in achieving optimal glycaemic control, necessitating the need of second and third-line therapies. Fixed dose combination (FDC) of dapagliflozin and sitagliptin in Indian setting is gaining popularity. Time-in-target has become a useful blood glucose indicator that goes "beyond HbA1c" to understand glycaemic control in people with diabetes better.
Aims and Objectives: To assess the efficacy of a FDC of dapagliflozin and sitagliptin in Indian T2DM patients.
Materials and Methods: This was a single-arm, single-centre, real-world study. Twenty-eight consented T2DM patients age >18 years, either sex, not hospitalized, and estimated glomerular filtration rate >60 ml/min/1.73m2 were administered a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) (Freestyle Libre Pro). Once daily fixed-dose combination (FDC) of dapagliflozin (10mg) and sitagliptin (100mg) was given along with CGMS administration on a background of existing therapy for those who were not to target for glycemic parameters. Since the FDC reaches at its peak concentration after 3-4 days of administration, the efficacy of FDC was considered from 5th day. Hence the baseline was calculated taking the mean of first 4 days after FDC administration. Patients' characteristics, including age (years), sex, weight (kg), body mass index (kg/m2), estimated glycated haemoglobin (%), history of oral hypoglycaemic agents, and dose of insulin were recorded. For efficacy assessment, average daily glucose (ADG), time in target (TIT), time below target (TBT), and time above target (TAT) were recorded at baseline.) and end of the study (day 15th of CGMS administration) from the daily glucose summary of Freestyle Libre Pro CGMS. The percentage improvement of each efficacy parameters were assessed.
Results: A statistically significant improvement (p<0.05) in ADG (19.41% decrease), TIT (34.47% increase), and TAT (31.13% decrease) was observed, whereas TBT was increased by 29.23%. Mean age (n=28), weight (n=23), body mass index (n=19) and estimated HbA1c (n=19) was 56.70±9.8 years, 64.67±9.52 Kg, 24.99±4.23 Kg/m2 and 6.84±1.63 % respectively. The majority were on triple drug (n=14; 50%) therapy before CGMS administration than dual (n=5; 17.9%) and monotherapy (2; 7.1%). Fifteen (53.8%) were on insulin with a mean insulin dose of 16.40 IU.
Conclusion: Once daily FDC of dapagliflozin and sitagliptin in Indian T2DM patients significantly improves AGD, TIT, and TAT at the end of 15 days.
Estimation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Absorption from the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use Sector in the Monomodal and Bimodal Rainfall Forest Agroecological Zones of Cameroon
Authors: Amougou Joseph Armathé , Mbomba Forghab Patrick , Ebokona Lucas Dominique Bembong , Fuh Geh Kisito , Freddy Bikono Pascal , Amadou Garga , Iyawa Faiza , Abdouraman  , Armstrong Enoh Ayuk Michael Daniel , Ghislaine Bangdang Yolande , Prisca Mewamba Ariane , Teclaire Ngoh Njoume Ndedie , Arielle Maliedje Tabuguia
Published: July 2023

This greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting study of the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use sector assesses carbon emissions and absorption for the period 2010 to 2018 in the Monomodal and Bimodal rainfall agroecological zones. The methodological approach used for GHG emissions calculations in the Livestock category is the one proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2006 guidelines, taking into account the national systems of other countries. In general, Tier 1 has been used for the calculation of emissions. Emissions/removals are calculated by integrating the activity data of the different sectors considered in the IPCC software. In the subcategory of land use change, the SEPAL platform and ArcGis 10.6 software were used to download and process the images.  In addition, the Peng (2000) equation was used to assess the soil organic carbon stock.

Emissions from the two agroecological zones are 281,541.3 GgCO2Eq and absorptions are -2,924,841.22 GgCO2Eq. The potential carbon stock that can be recovered in the two agroecological zones is -2,643,299.92 GgCO2Eq.

It is clear that these two agroecological zones absorb more than they emit. These results show that the Bimodal and Monomodal rainfall agroecological zones have a high absorption potential that Cameroon could use in the framework of internationally transferable mitigation results.
Effect of Orally Administered Dennettia tripetala (Pepper Fruit) (Aq) Extract on the Intraocular Pressure and Serum Concentration of Lipid Parameters of Wistar Strain Albino Rat
Authors: Isdore Uzoamaka Donald , Ekenze Chigozie John , Owunna Lilian Chioma , Ogundeko Timothy Olugbenga , Ramyil Mamzhi Seljul Crown , Okoye Nkiruka Philomena , Bassi Amos Paul
Published: July 2023

Background: Plant parts have continued to attract attention in the global search for natural means of treatment of many diseases affecting humans and animals including glaucoma.

Aims: The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of Aqueous seed extract of Dennettia tripetala (ASEDt) on the intraocular pressure (IOP) and the serum concentration of lipid parameters of Wistar strain albino rats (male and female).

Methodology: This study was conducted in the Optometry and Anatomy department of Abia state University Uturu, Nigeria where a total of 37 males albino Wistar rats (12 weeks old), weighing 200 – 230g were used (12 for acute toxicity studies and 25 for the experiment proper) for a period of 35 days. The 25 rats were further divided into 5 groups (A-E) of 5 animals each according to various treatments A- No treatment, B-10mg/ml Cholesterol p.o, while C, D and E were treated with 10mg/ml Cholesterol p.o, plus administration of 200mg DT seed (aq) extract, 500mg DT seed (aq) extract and 0.5% timolol topically into the eye respectively. Intraocular pressure as well as the serum concentration of lipid parameters of the control group viz; Total cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High density lipoprotein (HDL) and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) was measured at day 1 (Baseline) 10 and 20 of experiment.

Results: Topical administration of 200mg/kg and 500mg/kg DT seed (aq) extract caused a significant reduction of IOP in the rats. This reduction was higher with 500mg. Furthermore, both 500mg and 200mg (ASEDt)A caused a reduction in the levels of TC, TG, LDL and increased level of HDL.

Conclusion: Aqueous seed extract of Dennettia tripetala caused a dose dependent reduction of intraocular pressure and ameliorated the serum concentration of lipid parameters in both male and female Wistar strain albino rats, thus suggesting that it could be beneficial in peculiar ocular, cardiovascular and public health care management.
Isolation and Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Nosocomial Sources
Authors: Musa U. H. , Innocent I. G. , Dafur G. S. , Ola I. F. , Gowon A. G. , Julius E. E. , Suleiman M.
Published: July 2023

Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus have been reported worldwide to emerge mostly in developing and developed countries. This study aimed at isolated and antibiotic resistance from nosocomial sources in Dalhatu Araf specialist Hospital, Lafia, Nigeria.  A total of (200) samples were collected from February 2021 to May 2021 from different Nosocomial sources such as door handles, seat handles, surgical equipment and stretchers and Staphylococcus aureus was isolated and identified using standard microbiological method. The Antibiotic susceptibility test for the isolates were carried out and interpreted in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) protocol. The occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus from the samples was 50 (25%). The highest occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus is from seat handle swab with (32%) and the lowest occurrence is (18%) from surgical equipments. The Antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus showed that the isolates were more resistant to oxacillin.
The Use of Digital Finance Applications, Competitiveness, and Green Economy on Village Development
Authors: Purnamawati I Gusti Ayu , Suwena Kadek Rai , Heryanda Komang Krisna
Published: July 2023

Conducting an analysis of the role of digital financial applications, competitiveness, and a green economy for village development innovation is the aim of this research. The research uses an explanatory approach with research locations in the Province of Bali. Primary data was collected using a questionnaire with a Likert scale of 1 to 5. Respondents included 165 owners of micro, small, and medium enterprises and were determined purposively which were then analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. The results of the study provide evidence of a positive and significant relationship between the variables of implementing digital finance, competitiveness, and the development of village development innovations. The application of the green economy has not fully influenced village development innovations. In the future, it is expected to provide optimal opportunities to encourage a low-carbon economy. The digital village has contributed to improving the village government service system, community, and empowerment based on information technology.
Study Finds Limited Evidence to Support More Than 40 Predictive Machine Learning Algorithms Used in Primary Care
Authors: Hswen Yulin , Abbasi Jennifer
Published: January 2025

This Medical News article is an interview with study author María Villalobos-Quesada, PhD, a researcher at the National eHealth Living Lab at the Leiden University Medical Centre in the Netherlands.
Functional Polyolefins and Composites
Authors: Tan Chen , Si Guifu , Zou Chen , Chen Changle
Published: January 2025

Polyolefins are simple hydrocarbons that require additional chemical modifications or functional additives to give them custom functions. Recent research in the development of functional polyolefins has surpassed the traditional approach of simply improving surface properties by incorporating polar moieties. Creating custom functionalized polyolefins by using specific functional units has attracted increasing attention. This review summarizes advances in preparing custom functionalized polyolefin materials using functional units such as comonomers, chain‐transfer agents, post‐polymerization modification reagents, and functional fillers. Exploring new functional units and innovative synthetic strategies will further enhance the performance and expand the applications of functional polyolefins.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Six‐Membered Cyclic Diaryl λ3‐Bromanes and λ3‐Chloranes
Authors: Bhattacherjee Dhananjay , Kariuki Benson M. , Piscelli Bruno A. , Cormanich Rodrigo A. , Wirth Thomas
Published: January 2025

Despite the remarkable advancements in hypervalent iodine chemistry, exploration of bromine and chlorine analogues remains in its infancy due to their difficult synthesis. Herein, we introduce six‐membered cyclic λ3‐bromanes and λ3‐chloranes. Through single‐crystal X‐ray structural analyses and conformational studies, we delineate the crucial bonding patterns pivotal for the thermodynamic stability of these compounds. Notably, these investigations reveal pronounced π‐π stacking phenomena within the crystal lattice of hypercoordinated bromine(III) and chlorine(III) species. Their reactivity profile is explored as they are radical precursors or electrophilic reagents in metal‐free intermolecular biaryl couplings, O‐ and S‐arylations, and Cu(I)‐promoted intramolecular biaryl couplings which is complementary to the known reactivity of five‐membered bromanes and chloranes. Mechanistic insights are provided, elucidating the pathways governing their reactivity and underscoring the potential in organic synthesis.
Engineering Covalent Aptamer Chimeras for Enhanced Autophagic Degradation of Membrane Proteins
Authors: Shi Yang , Yun Yangfang , Wang Rong , Liu Zheng , Wu Zhenkun , Xiang Yu , Zhang Jingjing
Published: January 2025

Targeted degradation of membrane proteins represents an attractive strategy for eliminating pathogenesis‐related proteins. Aptamer‐based chimeras hold great promise as membrane protein degraders, however, their degradation efficacy is often hindered by the limited structural stability and the risk of off‐target effects due to the non‐covalent interaction with target proteins. We here report the first design of a covalent aptamer‐based autophagosome‐tethering chimera (CApTEC) for the enhanced autophagic degradation of cell‐surface proteins, including transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) and nucleolin (NCL). This strategy relies on the site‐specific incorporation of sulfonyl fluoride groups onto aptamers to enable the cross‐linking with target proteins, coupled with the conjugation of an LC3 ligand to hijack the autophagy‐lysosomal pathway for targeted protein degradation. The chemically engineered CApTECs exhibit enhanced on‐target retention and improved structural stability. Our results also demonstrate that CApTECs achieve remarkably enhanced and prolonged degradation of membrane proteins compared to the non‐covalent designs. Furthermore, the CApTEC targeting TfR1 is combined with 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) for synergistic tumor therapy in a mouse model, leading to substantial suppression of tumor growth. Our strategy may provide deep insights into the LC3‐mdiated autophagic degradation, affording a modular and effective strategy for membrane protein degradation and precise therapeutic applications.
A C–H Arylation‐Based Enantioselective Synthesis of Planar Chiral Cyclophanes
Authors: Huh Soohee , Linne Elvira , Estaque Lilian , Pieters Grégory , Devereux Michael , Baudoin Olivier
Published: January 2025

Despite the growing importance of planar chiral macrocyclophanes owing to their unique properties in different areas of chemistry, methods that are effective in controlling their planar chirality are restricted to certain molecular scaffolds. Herein, we report the first Pd(0)‐catalyzed enantioselective intermolecular C−H arylation that induces planar chirality by installing bulky aryl groups through dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR). A computer‐assisted approach allowed a fine‐tuning of the structure of the employed chiral bifunctional phosphine‐carboxylate ligands to achieve high enantioselectivities. A range of planar chiral macrocyclophanes were successfully synthesized from configurationally labile macrocyclic precursors via C−H arylation with various perfluoroarenes. Mechanistic investigations indicated that the reaction proceeds via reversible oxidative addition and enantiodetermining C−H activation. Selected macrocyclophane products showed interesting photophysical and chiroptical properties, which depended on both the nature of the ansa chains and the aromatic moieties.
In‐Situ Formation of Three‐Dimensional Network Intrinsic Microporous Ladder Polymer Membranes with Ultra‐High Gas Separation Performance and Anti‐Trade‐Off Effect
Authors: Sun Luxin , Xu Wei , Zhang Hongjun , Chu Jiachen , Wang Mengtao , Song Kai , Wu Wenjie , Li Jianxin , Wang Yingge , Pinnau Ingo , Ma Xiaohua
Published: January 2025

The global quest for clean energy and sustainable processes makes advanced membrane extremely attractive for energy‐intensive industrial gas separations. Here, we disclose a series of ultra‐high‐performance gas separation membranes (PIM‐3D‐TB) from novel network polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM) that combine the advantages of solution processible PIM and small pore size distribution (PSD) of porous organic polymers (POP), which was synthesized by in situ copolymerization of triptycene‐2,6‐diamine as linear part and triptycene‐2,6,13(14)‐triamine (TTA) as crosslinker. The resulting PIM‐3D‐TB membranes demonstrated outstanding separation properties that outperformed the latest trade‐off lines for H2/CH4 and O2/N2. They also showed an anti‐trade‐off effect by simultaneously enhancing gas permeability and gas‐pair selectivity with increasing TTA content. The TTA crosslinking node increased the microporosity, and, shifted the PSD from the ultramicropore (<7 Å) toward the more size sieving submicropore (<4 Å) region. The post‐treated TTA‐75 displayed an exceptional H2 permeability of 8000 Barrer and H2/CH4 selectivity of 208. These PIM‐3D‐TB membranes and their design protocol have unparalleled potential in the next generation of membranes for hydrogen purification and air separations.
Two Coordination Polymers Based on Rigid Benzimidazole Carboxylic Acid Ligands: Electrode Performance and Adsorption of Dyes
Authors: Liu Bo‐Yu , Zhao Jian , Zeng Tao , Yue Tian‐Cai , Wang Lu‐Lu , Wang Duo‐Zhi
Published: January 2025

Two new cobalt‐based coordination polymers (CPs) based on two different benzimidazole carboxylic acid ligands, namely, {[Co(L1)(H2O)2]2SiF6·(H2O)2}n (1) and {[Co(L2)(H2O)2]2SiF6·(H2O)2}n (2) (HL1 = 2‐[1H‐imidazol‐5‐yl]‐1H‐benzimidazole‐6‐carboxylic acid and HL2 = 2‐[1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl]‐1H‐benzimidazole‐6‐carboxylic acid), were synthesized via solvothermally method. Structural analysis revealed that CP‐1 featured a two‐dimensional planar structure, while CP‐2 exhibited a one‐dimensional chain structure. CP‐1 achieved a specific capacitance of 658.6 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 and retained good capacitance after charge–discharge cycling tests. In addition, both CP‐1 and CP‐2 showed good adsorption performance for the anionic dye Congo red (CR), and the maximum adsorption capacities were 1256 and 2985 mg g−1, respectively.
Polyaspartic Acid–Based Porous Carbon–Loaded Nickel Metal and Its Application to Hydrogen Adsorption
Authors: Lu Mingqiu , Zhu Huimin , Liu Ling , Jiang Meilin , Shi Qiulan , Zhao Jianbo
Published: January 2025

Hydrogen energy plays an important role as a clean, renewable resource in replacing traditional fossil energy sources, and in this study, a polyaspartic acid (PASP) porous carbon loaded with metallic nickel was prepared for hydrogen storage. The PASP porous carbon loaded with nickel metal was successfully prepared by high‐temperature pyrolysis and metal‐solution impregnation using homemade PASP hydrogels as raw material. Compared to ordinary carbon materials, the addition of K+ as a porogenic agent to the material before carbon formation makes its pore structure rich and adjustable. In addition, nickel as an active site optimizes the overall electronic structure and surface properties of the material, which together increase the gas adsorption capacity. The materials of PASP, PASP porous carbon, and PASP porous carbon loaded with metallic nickel were also characterized by FTIR, SEM, BET, TEM, EDS, XRD, and XPS, and finally applied to hydrogen adsorption. The results show that C‐PASP‐50% has the best adsorption effect on hydrogen with different degrees of cross‐linking, and the adsorption capacity can reach 126.49 cm3/g. The adsorption capacity increases significantly after loading metal nickel, and the adsorption capacity of C‐PASP‐Ni50% reaches 273.03 cm3/g.
NiCo2O4/P,N‐Doped Carbon with Engineered Interface to Improve the Rechargeability of Zn‐Air Batteries at High Energy Demands
Authors: Suárez‐Barajas Alexander , Guerra‐Balcázar Minerva , Ramos‐Castillo Carlos M. , Álvarez‐Contreras Lorena , Arjona Noé
Published: January 2025

The search for cost‐effective, high‐performance bifunctional catalysts for Zn‐air batteries (ZABs) requires extensive research into precious‐metal‐free materials. This study provides insight into the synergy between nickel cobaltite and P,N‐doped carbon modified through interface engineering by inducing oxygen vacancies in the spinel and non‐metallic heteroatoms in the carbon material. NiCo2O4 with various oxygen vacancy levels was synthesized via an ethylene glycol‐assisted solvothermal route. This resulted in significant changes in the structural and morphological properties, such as reduced crystallite size, lattice distortion, and increased oxygen vacancies, as observed from the physicochemical results. This was further verified by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), which showed a homogeneous dispersion of nickel cobaltite nanorods on the carbonaceous matrix, along with an increased concentration of pyridinic nitrogen and the formation of P−N and P−C bonds, both of which enhance electrocatalytic activity. NiCo2O4DI/P,N−C exhibited superior discharge polarization behavior, achieving power and current densities of 124.4 mW cm−2 and 215.8 mA cm−2. Stability tests revealed that the catalyst had excellent performance, lasting up to 100 h, while Pt‐IrO2/C lasted only up to 21 h. These results demonstrate the great potential of tailoring surface defects and heteroatom doping via interface engineering, resulting in high‐performance precious‐metal‐free electrocatalysts for long‐lasting and high‐efficiency ZABs.
Expediting Polysulfide Anchoring by Fe3O4/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite for High‐Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Ansari Tanwir , Ghosh Anamika , Ganguly Dipsikha , Muthiah Balasubramanian , Sundara Ramaprabhu
Published: January 2025

The inherent low conductivity of sulfur, sluggish redox kinetics, and the challenge of maximizing active material utilization are the bottlenecks for practical implementation in lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) battery technology. Herein, a low‐cost Fe3O4‐rGO that serves as both a sulfur host matrix and an electrocatalytic interlayer in a Li−S battery has been synthesized. With the merit of high specific surface area, Fe3O4‐rGO offers high sulfur loading (80 wt. %) and sufficient space to accommodate sulfur volume expansion during the redox reaction. The symmetric cell experiment demonstrated that Fe3O4 in the rGO structure promotes the lithium polysulfide (LPS) redox conversion. The Li−S battery is constructed using the Fe3O4‐rGO@S as the cathode and Fe3O4‐rGO as the interlayer, demonstrating an impressive specific capacity of 1258 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and the battery retained 76 % of its capacity after 400 cycles at 0.5 C. This study also explores the confinement of LPS on the Fe3O4‐rGO@S_Fe3O4‐rGO cathode and interfacial redox kinetics by dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. This work presents a cost‐effective method for improving the catalytic conversion of lithium polysulfides, which can contribute to the development of high‐performance lithium‐sulfur batteries.
Seasonal Fluctuation in the Incidence of Congenital Hypothyroidism Across Different Temperate Zones of China
Authors: Yao Yongna , Deng Kui , Zhu Jun , Li Qi , Xiang Liangcheng , Yuan Xuelian , Wang Yanping , Liu Zheng , Tan Huiwen , Li Xiaohong
Published: January 2025

Background

Seasonality in the incidence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) has been identified in several countries and different conclusions have been drawn. The objective of this study was to examine whether this seasonality is also observable in China and how it manifests across different temperate zones.

Methods

Data on CH cases and screened neonates between January 1, 2014, and September 30, 2022, by year and season, were sourced from the Chinese Newborn Screening Information System. The overall CH incidence and incidence across different temperate zones was analyzed by using the seasonal unit root test, seasonal decomposition, and deterministic seasonal means regression model.

Results

A total of 29,259 CH cases were reported nationwide from season one of 2014 to season three of 2022. Quarterly CH incidence showed an upward time trend and significant seasonality among all zones, but with different patterns. Overall, season one was the peak period with an incidence rate of 7.09 per 10,000 neonates, whilst season two was the trough period with an incidence rate of 5.89. Subtropical, warm, and medium temperate zones had one peak period in season one, whilst the tropical zone had two peak periods in seasons one and three. In comparison, the plateau zone had a trough season in season one.

Conclusion

Our study found the quarterly CH incidence exhibited clear seasonality, temperate zone‐specific patterns, and an upward time trend in China. This finding is particularly concerning given China's decline in the number of births, underscoring the urgency of allocating resources appropriately in screening programs.
Quantitative analysis of disaggregation properties of aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) and off‐the‐shelf dyes
Authors: Hong Kyung Tae , Jeon Jun‐Hyuk , Park Soeun , Gopala Lavanya , Lee Jane , Lee Jun‐Seok
Published: January 2025

The aggregation state of chemosensors significantly influences their photophysical properties, making it critical for their applications in sensing and imaging. In this study, we systematically investigated the disaggregation properties of 11 representative fluorophores, including widely used dyes such as BODIPY, coumarin, fluorescein, rhodamine B, and Nile Red, as well as AIEgens like TPE and TPA. Through a quantitative approach, we determined the disaggregation concentration (DC₅₀) in various aqueous‐organic co‐solvent mixtures and correlated these values with solvent polarity parameters, such as dielectric constant and ET(30). Our analysis uncovered distinct DC₅₀ patterns that act as unique fingerprints for each compound, reflecting their structural characteristics. Notably, structurally similar compounds, such as BODIPY derivatives and dansyl‐based chemosensors, exhibited comparable trends. This study underscores the utility of solvent polarity versus DC₅₀ scatter plots for evaluating aggregation‐dependent chemosensors and offers valuable insights into the molecular determinants of self‐aggregation, enabling more rational chemosensor design.
Manipulating photophysical properties through asymmetric modification of triptycene‐fused multi‐resonance TADF emitter
Authors: Mubarok Hanif , Lutfi Rafi Muhammad , Yun Jaemin , Jung Jaehoon , Lee Min Hyung
Published: January 2025

Developing multi‐resonance (MR) effect‐induced thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters that exhibit excellent photophysical properties and a sterically shielded structure is crucial for achieving high‐efficiency and stable organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Herein, we propose a new synthetic approach to asymmetric bulky MR‐TADF emitters based on a B,N core. Three asymmetric Tp‐fused MR emitters (1–3) are produced by attaching a bulky and rigid triptycene (Tp) moiety on one side of the MR core and introducing different N‐containing functional groups on the other side. All emitters exhibit high photoluminescence quantum yield, narrow full width at half maximum, and TADF properties with reasonable reverse intersystem crossing rates (~104 s−1) in a rigid matrix. Notably, the emission color of the emitters ranges from deep blue to sky blue, depending on the N‐containing functional groups. Electrochemical and theoretical studies further demonstrate that the frontier molecular orbitals are distributed over the MR core formed by the two moieties, and the resulting energy levels vary accordingly. The findings of this study will be useful for the design of various color‐tunable yet sterically shielded MR‐TADF emitters.
Chemical Constituents of the Deep‐Sea‐Derived Penicillium citrinum W22 and Their Ferroptosis Inhibitory Activity
Authors: Zou Zheng‐Biao , Ma Yan‐Lin , Li Yan , Nie Shan‐Shan , Li You , Xie Chun‐Lan , Li Li‐Sheng , Yang Xian‐Wen
Published: January 2025

One new monomeric citrinin analog (1) and 42 known compounds (2–43) were isolated from Penicillium citrinum W22. The structure of 1 was determined by detailed analysis of the 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), HRESIMS, and time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT)‐based electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation. Penicitrinol A (2) and methyl 2‐(2‐acetyl‐3,5‐dihydroxy‐4,6‐dimethylphenyl) acetate (11) significantly inhibited renin‐angiotensin system‐selective lethal 3 (RSL3)‐induced ferroptosis with half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of 1.6 and 34.0 µM, respectively.
Unilateral and Bilateral Disulfurating Reagents for the Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Polysulfides
Authors: Yu Qing , Jiang Xuefeng
Published: January 2025

Polysulfides play an essential role across various fields, including life sciences, pharmaceuticals, food science, and materials science. However, the controlled sequential installation of groups at both ends of an S−S motif poses enormous challenges due to the reversible nature of the covalent S−S bond. Utilizing unique disulfide reagents presents one of the most straightforward approaches for constructing diverse polysulfides. This concept highlights the initiatives and advancements in polysulfide synthesis facilitated by unilateral or bilateral disulfide reagents. Furthermore, ongoing research is focused on recently reported methodologies for synthesizing unsymmetrical disulfides.
Me2Se and Me2Te: Their Structures and Synergistic Effects of Halogen/Chalcogen Bonding with C6F5Br and C6F5I
Authors: Bujak Maciej , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Mitzel Norbert W.
Published: January 2025

This work combines halogen and chalcogen bonding. Short, polarity directed C−X⋅⋅⋅Ch (X=Br or I, Ch=Se or Te) contacts were prepared by in situ low‐temperature cocrystallization of liquid mixtures of neutral pentafluorohalogenobenzenes C6F5X and dimethyl chalcogenides Me2Ch. Solid‐state structures of Me2Se and Me2Te were determined 150 and 125 years after their first description. Significant C−Ch⋅⋅⋅Ch contacts make Me2Se dimeric and Me2Te polymeric. The cocrystals comprise C6F5X⋅⋅⋅Me2Ch⋅⋅⋅XC6F5 aggregates, except the combination X/Ch=I/Te which shows polymeric C6F5I⋅⋅⋅Me2Te⋅⋅⋅TeMe2⋅⋅⋅IC6F5 aggregation. The observed C−X⋅⋅⋅Te interactions are the shortest of this type, and the C−I⋅⋅⋅Ch contacts are shorter than the corresponding C−Br⋅⋅⋅Ch interactions. Heteromolecular C−X⋅⋅⋅Ch contacts are accompanied by F⋅⋅⋅H/F and X⋅⋅⋅H contacts in the cocrystals. The analysis of packing and contacts in all (co)crystals was complemented by computational studies. They both show that short interactions can be designed and engineered with reasonable predictability.
All‐in‐One Portable Electrochemical Strips for Drug Release, Delivery and Monitoring
Authors: Singh Sima , Khater Mohga , Raucci Ada , Catanzano Ovidio , Quaglia Fabiana , Cinti Stefano
Published: January 2025

Herein we introduce a novel concept: a sustainable, integrated approach to digital healthcare, utilizing a portable electrochemical strip to trigger therapeutic species release and assess their occurrence. For the first time, a nanomodified, screen‐printed strip electrochemically triggers the release of metal ions, delivers them to the target site in combination with hydrogel and monitors them using the same device. To demonstrate the novel concept, copper ions have been considered a model species to be delivered and monitored on the skin. The integration of electroanalysis, drug delivery, miniaturization, and material science underscores the potential for a cost‐effective breakthrough in personalized therapies, paving the way for numerous applications and addressing the current limitations of conventional technologies, such as time, complexity, and equipment.
Hemodynamic Evaluation of Intra‐Aortic Dual‐Balloon Pump Based on Fluid–Structure Interaction
Authors: Ma Hongchao , Wang Yuhan , Gao Bin , Li Shu , Song Zhiming , Chang Yu , Zhang Ran
Published: January 2025

The intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP) is a widely‐used mechanical circulatory support device that enhances hemodynamics in patients with heart conditions. Although the IABP is a common clinical tool, its effectiveness in enhancing outcomes for patients with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock remains disputed. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of intra‐aortic dual‐balloon pump (IADBP) and its impact on aortic hemodynamics compared with an IABP. Three‐dimensional finite element models were constructed for the aorta, IABP, and IADBP, followed by numerical simulation using the fluid–structure coupling (FSI) method. Three simulations were conducted: Heart failure patients without assistive devices (Case A), those with IABP (Case B), and those with IADBP (Case C). The study assessed the IADBP's hemodynamic effects by measuring aortic branch blood flow, left ventricular afterload, aortic wall stress, and wall shear stress. IADBP outperformed IABP in enhancing blood flow to the coronary arteries, upper limbs, and brain vessels (left and right coronary arteries: 0.88 vs. 1.27, 1.27 vs. 1.99 mL/beat; brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery: 6.08 vs. 12.39, 2.48 vs. 4.97, 2.31 vs. 5.08 mL/beat). IADBP also demonstrated superior performance in counterpulsation pressure and left ventricular ejection (counterpulsation phase: 97.41 mmHg vs. 110.03 mmHg; ventricular unloading phase: 72.21 mmHg vs. 66.46 mmHg). The use of IADBP elevates stress on the aortic wall and wall shear stress, potentially affecting vascular health. IADBP effectively addresses upper limb and cerebral hypoperfusion issues associated with IABP, demonstrating superior performance in enhancing counterpulsation pressure and left ventricular ejection. Despite potential vascular biomechanical effects, IADBP provide a promising clinical treatment option. Further studies are needed to refine IADBP ‘s design and evaluate its long‐term clinical efficacy.
Blockchain‐Powered Framework for Trust Enhancement in FinTech: A Comprehensive Trust Evaluation Approach
Authors: Vairagade Rupali Sachin , Parkhi Priya , Hande Yogita , Hambarde Bhagyashree
Published: January 2025

The rapid advancement of financial technology (FinTech) has led to the integration of advanced technologies like data science, blockchain, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence. However, trust evaluation remains a critical challenge in dynamic landscape. Existing trust evaluation methods often neglect key aspects of timeliness, reliability, and non‐invasiveness, leading to imprecise trust assessments and insufficient detection of malicious user behavior. This paper introduces a robust four‐layer architectural framework with the blockchain layer, edge computing service layer, cloud computing service layer, and terminal user application layer leveraging blockchain technology for authentication and trust evaluation. Blockchain technology transforms FinTech data into linked data, ensuring data security and decentralization during information transfers. A novel hybrid consensus protocol combining Proof of Elapsed Time (PoET) and Proof of Stake (PoS) is introduced to enhance the efficiency and security of the blockchain. Extensive simulation experiments have demonstrated significant improvements in data security, reliability, and accuracy of trust assessments compared to existing methods. This paper presents a comprehensive solution for enhancing trust evaluation in FinTech, emphasizing timeliness, reliability, and non‐invasiveness of assessments.
Optimized Framework for Composite Cloud Service Selection: A Computational Intelligence‐Driven Approach
Authors: Tomar Abhinav , Rathee Geetanjali
Published: January 2025

Over the past decade, as demand for cloud services has surged, the strategic selection of these services has become increasingly crucial. The growing complexity within the cloud industry underscores the urgent need for a robust model for choosing cloud services effectively. Users often struggle to make informed decisions due to the dynamic nature and varying quality of available cloud services. In response, this paper introduces a novel decision‐making approach aimed at optimizing the selection process by identifying the most suitable combination of cloud services. The focus is on integrating these services into a cohesive ensemble to better fulfill user requirements. In contrast to existing methodologies, our approach evaluates cloud services on a continuous scale, taking into account critical tasks such as workload balancing, storage management, and network resource handling. We propose a model for selecting optimal composite cloud services, which includes real‐time optimization and addresses the consideration of null values for Quality of Service (QoS)‐based attributes (e.g., response time, cost, availability, and reliability) in the dataset—a factor overlooked by current literature. The proposed algorithm is inspired by computational intelligence and driven by an evolutionary algorithm‐based approach that undergoes evaluation across multiple datasets. The results illustrate its superiority, showcasing its ability to outperform existing optimization‐based methods in terms of execution time.
The Catalytic Activity of Polyaniline in Hydrogenation Reactions with Molecular Hydrogen
Authors: Bychko Igor , Kurys Yaroslav , Pariiska Olena , Didenko Olga Z , Mazur Denys O , Strizhak Peter E , Koshechko Vyacheslav G , Pokhodenko Vitaly D
Published: January 2025

This study unveils a novel property of polyaniline by establishing its catalytic activity in heterogeneous hydrogenation with molecular hydrogen. Polyaniline was activated by heat‐treating at different temperatures in a hydrogen atmosphere. The sample treated at 300 °C exhibited the highest catalytic activity for ethylene hydrogenation in the gas phase at atmospheric pressure and for p‐nitrotoluene or α‐methylstyrene hydrogenation in the liquid phase. XRD, HRTEM, Raman, XPS, UV‐VIS, FTIR, and elemental analysis data as well as electrochemical study indicate that catalytic activity is associated with the conjugated structure of undoped emeraldine base, whereas the polymer cross‐linking or an increase in chlorine residues correlates with catalyst deactivation. These results pave the way to use conducting polymers as catalysts for hydrogenation with molecular hydrogen, opening new avenues for their application in catalysis.
Adjusting the Ratio of Oxidation States in a CuO@Cu2O for the Optimization of Electrocatalytic CO2 Conversion to Ethylene
Authors: Lu Jun , Ren Yanhan , Wang Liang , Zou Lie , Liang Jing , Liang Xiaolong , Gao Yan , Li Fei , Gao Junfeng , Terfort Andreas , Liu Jinxuan
Published: January 2025

Understanding the impact of surface copper valence states on the distribution of electrochemical carbon dioxide products is critical. Herein, CuO@Cu2O with a Cu2+/Cu+ interface was fabricated using wet chemical etching approach. The hollow shape offered a large region for gas adsorption, while the interfacial mixed chemical state of Cu2+/Cu+ with tunable control ratio raised the local density of CHO* and accelerated the carbon‐carbon coupling reaction. The H‐cell test results demonstrate that, as result of this precise structural design, the Faraday efficiency of ethylene is enhanced from 15.2 % to 43.5 %, and the service life is increased 4 times. In addition, its selectivity is almost 50 % and its partial current density in MEA is 93.2 mA cm−2. In situ Raman and DFT data demonstrate that the Cu2+/Cu+ interface effect enhances the concentration of COCHO intermediates and lowers the energy barrier for the conversion of CO* to COCHO* intermediates.
Mechanochemistry: Unravelling the Impact of Metal Leaching in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Basoccu Francesco , Caboni Pietro , Porcheddu Andrea
Published: January 2025

Solvent‐free techniques have gained considerable attention in recent years due to their environmental advantages and potential to enable chemical reactivities beyond the reach of traditional solution‐based methods. Mechanochemistry has emerged as a groundbreaking approach to drive sustainable chemical processes. Despite its promise, some challenges still need to be explored, including the overlooked issue of material leaching during grinding, a phenomenon in which components from milling media or reaction vessels, such as stainless steel, unintentionally alter reaction outcomes. This study investigates the role of metal leaching in reducing arylnitrosamines by using a poorly soluble solid reagent, thiourea dioxide (TDO), focusing on stainless steel vessels. By comparing conventional mechanochemical methods with innovative solvent‐free vibratory techniques, we assess the extent of metal contamination and its impact on reaction efficiency. These findings provide new insights into how material leaching influences chemical processes and offer valuable guidance for optimizing these forward‐looking and green methodologies.
Unraveling Biogeographic Boundaries Within the Sierra Madre Oriental, México: An Endemicity Analysis Using a Taxonomically Diverse Dataset
Authors: Goyenechea Mayer‐Goyenechea Irene , Montiel‐Canales Gustavo , Márquez Juan , Hornung‐Leoni Claudia T. , Castillo‐Cerón Jesús M. , Manríquez‐Morán Norma L.
Published: January 2025

The Sierra Madre Oriental (SMO) is a significant mountain range and one of Mexico's 14 biogeographical provinces. Its delimitation has been debated. This study aims to analyze the distribution of plants, beetles, odonates, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals using an endemicity analysis to identify endemism areas and confirm the SMO's biogeographical units. Georeferenced data for 326 species distributed in the Sierra Madre Oriental were compiled using QGIS software, and an endemicity analysis (EA) was carried out with NDM‐VNDM to evaluate taxon distribution congruence in predefined grids. Different grid sizes and specific parameters were used to identify areas of endemism, with an Endemicity Index (EI) assigned to measure the consistency of these areas. Six main areas of endemism (EA) were identified: two in the northern region and four in the southern region of the SMO. These areas are supported by several taxa, except mammals, which did not significantly contribute to the identified AEs. The study suggests new boundaries within the SMO, establishing the Rio Verde as the natural barrier in the north rather than the Moctezuma River. The multi‐taxonomic analysis supports dividing the SMO into two subprovinces, proposing a new delimitation based on the distribution of species with different dispersal capacities. This new regionalization can be useful for prioritizing conservation areas and designing more effective strategies. Future research should include more distribution data of mammals and birds to strengthen these results and better define the subprovinces and biogeographical districts of the SMO.
SMM Behavior in Distorted Trigonal Bipyramidal and Tetrahedral Cobalt(II) Complexes Based on Tripodal Tetradentate Phenolic Amines
Authors: Massoud Salah S. , Mautner Franz A. , Sakiyama Hiroshi , Louka Febee R. , Salem Nahed H. M. , Fischer Roland C. , Torvisco Ana , Guizouarn Thierry , Velmurugan Gunasekaran , Comba Peter , Pointillart Fabrice
Published: January 2025

Four CoII complexes [Co(L1)(MeOH)] ⋅ MeOH (1 ⋅ MeOH), [Co(L2)(MeOH)] ⋅ MeOH (2 ⋅ MeOH), [Co(L3)(H2O)] ⋅ MeOH (3 ⋅ MeOH) and [Co(L4)] (4), derived from tripodal tetradentate phenolic amine arms, H2L1–4 were synthesized and structurally characterized. The complexes 1 ⋅ MeOH, 2 ⋅ MeOH and 3 ⋅ MeOH displayed distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry, whereas 4 exhibited distorted tetrahedral geometry, depending on the substituents at the phenolate rings and amine arm. The variation of the coordination geometries and interatomic parameters around the CoII center has an impact on the magnetic behavior of the compounds. The complexes show magnetic anisotropy (ZFS) of the MS=
1/2 and and
3/2 sub‐levels, with D=29.1(2), 22.7(1), 28.8(2) and 30.9(5) cm−1 for 1 ⋅ MeOH, 2 ⋅ MeOH, 3 ⋅ MeOH and 4, respectively. The results obtained from ab initio CASSF calculations match well with the experimental data, revealing the origin of magnetic anisotropy. The dynamic ac magnetic investigation of the magnetic susceptibility revealed a slow magnetic relaxation behavior for 2 ⋅ MeOH, 3 ⋅ MeOH and 4. The field‐induced slow relaxation of the magnetization occurred through combination of Raman and Direct processes, depending on the variation in the coordination geometries imposed by the coordinated ligand and/or the interatomic parameters around the CoII center, which in turn have definite impact on the magnetic features of the compounds.