bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insurance-Based Disparities in Stroke Center Access in California: A Network Science Approach
Authors: Zachrison Kori S. , Hsia Renee Y. , Schwamm Lee H. , Yan Zhiyu , Samuels-Kalow Margaret E. , Reeves Mathew J. , Camargo Carlos A. , Onnela Jukka-Pekka
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:

Our objectives were to determine whether there is an association between ischemic stroke patient insurance and likelihood of transfer overall and to a stroke center and whether hospital cluster modified the association between insurance and likelihood of stroke center transfer.

METHODS:

This retrospective network analysis of California data included every nonfederal hospital ischemic stroke admission from 2010 to 2017. Transfers from an emergency department to another hospital were categorized based on whether the patient was discharged from a stroke center (primary or comprehensive). We used logistic regression models to examine the relationship between insurance (private, Medicare, Medicaid, uninsured) and odds of (1) any transfer among patients initially presenting to nonstroke center hospital emergency departments and (2) transfer to a stroke center among transferred patients. We used a network clustering method to identify clusters of hospitals closely connected through transfers. Within each cluster, we quantified the difference between insurance groups with the highest and lowest proportion of transfers discharged from a stroke center.

RESULTS:

Of 332 995 total ischemic stroke encounters, 51% were female, 70% were ≥65 years, and 3.5% were transferred from the initial emergency department. Of 52 316 presenting to a nonstroke center, 3466 (7.1%) were transferred. Relative to privately insured patients, there were lower odds of transfer and of transfer to a stroke center among all groups (Medicare odds ratio, 0.24 [95% CI, 0.22–0.26] and 0.59 [95% CI, 0.50–0.71], Medicaid odds ratio, 0.26 [95% CI, 0.23–0.29] and odds ratio, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.38–0.62], uninsured odds ratio, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.63–0.89], and 0.72 [95% CI, 0.6–0.8], respectively). Among the 14 identified hospital clusters, insurance-based disparities in transfer varied and the lowest performing cluster (also the largest; n=2364 transfers) fully explained the insurance-based disparity in odds of stroke center transfer.

CONCLUSIONS:

Uninsured patients had less stroke center access through transfer than patients with insurance. This difference was largely explained by patterns in 1 particular hospital cluster.
Expanding the Paradigm for Cardiovascular Palliative Care
Authors: Godfrey Sarah , Kirkpatrick James N. , Kramer Daniel B. , Sulistio Melanie S.
Published: September 2023

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Despite medical advances, patients with CVD experience high morbidity and mortality rates, affecting their quality of life and death. Among CVD conditions, palliative care has been studied mostly in patients with heart failure, where palliative care interventions have been associated with improvements in patient-centered outcomes, including quality of life, end-of-life care, and health care use. Although palliative care is now incorporated into the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology/Heart Failure Society of America guidelines for heart failure, the role of palliative care for non–heart failure CVD remains uncertain. Across all causes of CVD, palliative care can play an important role in all domains of CVD care from initial diagnosis to terminal care. In addition to general cardiovascular palliative care practices applicable to all areas, disease-specific palliative care needs may warrant individualized palliative care models. In this review, we discuss the role of cardiovascular palliative care for ischemic heart disease, valvular disease, arrhythmias, peripheral artery disease, and adult congenital heart disease. Although there are multiple barriers to cardiovascular palliative care, we recommend a framework for studying and developing cardiovascular palliative care models to improve patient-centered goal-concordant care for this underserved patient population.
mTORC1 Inhibitor Rapamycin Inhibits Growth of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation in Adult Mice
Authors: Li Lun , Ren Aileen A. , Gao Siqi , Su Yourong S. , Yang Jisheng , Bockman Jenna , Mericko-Ishizuka Patricia , Griffin Joanna , Shenkar Robert , Alcazar Roberto , Moore Thomas , Lightle Rhonda , DeBiasse Dorothy , Awad Issam A. , Marchuk Douglas A. , Kahn Mark L. , Burkhardt Jan-Karl
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are vascular malformations that frequently cause stroke. CCMs arise due to loss of function in one of the genes that encode the CCM complex, a negative regulator of MEKK3-KLF2/4 signaling in vascular endothelial cells. Gain-of-function mutations in
PIK3CA
(encoding the enzymatic subunit of the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) pathway associated with cell growth) synergize with CCM gene loss-of-function to generate rapidly growing lesions.

METHODS:

We recently developed a model of CCM formation that closely reproduces key events in human CCM formation through inducible CCM loss-of-function and
PIK3CA
gain-of-function in mature mice. In the present study, we use this model to test the ability of rapamycin, a clinically approved inhibitor of the PI3K effector mTORC1, to treat rapidly growing CCMs.

RESULTS:

We show that both intraperitoneal and oral administration of rapamycin arrests CCM growth, reduces perilesional iron deposition, and improves vascular perfusion within CCMs.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our findings further establish this adult CCM model as a valuable preclinical model and support clinical testing of rapamycin to treat rapidly growing human CCMs.
Focal Aneurysm Wall Enhancement in Vessel Wall Imaging as a Surrogate Marker for Predicting Aneurysm Instability
Authors: Hashimoto Yukishige , Matsushige Toshinori , Kawano Reo , Hara Takeshi , Kobayashi Shohei , Kaneko Mayumi , Ono Chiaki , Horie Nobutaka
Published: September 2023

Background

The establishment of a risk stratification method for unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) remains an interdisciplinary challenge. The present study attempted to identify unstable UIAs using magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging in prospective data sets. Hemodynamic parameters in unstable UIAs were also examined to clarify the mechanisms by which segmented aneurysm wall enhancement (AWE) affects longitudinal morphological changes.

Methods

Patients with UIAs who underwent contrast‐enhanced vessel wall imaging between 2017 and 2022 and were followed up for more than 6 months were included. Two readers independently rated AWE patterns (no, focal, and circumferential AWE) on vessel wall imaging and morphological changes on time‐of‐flight magnetic resonance angiography. Computational fluid dynamics studies were performed on unstable UIAs to evaluate the hemodynamic features of evolved or ruptured points in aneurysm walls.

Results

Aneurysm growth was observed in 13 of 114 UIAs in the present study during a median follow‐up of 34 months. Of the 13 growing UIAs, their AWE patterns were as follows: no AWE in 6 and focal AWE (FAWE) in 7 UIAs. Univariable Cox regression analysis showed that aneurysm size and FAWE were associated with aneurysm growth. On multivariable Cox regression analysis, FAWE (hazard ratio, 4.59 [95% CI, 1.29–16.3];
P
=0.019) was independently associated with aneurysm growth. Kaplan–Meier curve revealed significant differences between AWE patterns and UIA growth (
P
<0.001). Aneurysms ruptured in the 4 UIAs with FAWE during the follow‐up and all rupture points corresponded to nonenhanced lesions in aneurysm walls. Nonenhanced areas had higher wall shear stress than enhanced areas (1.59±1.02 versus 0.53±0.32;
P
=0.022).

Conclusion

FAWE may be associated with aneurysm growth and rupture during follow‐up. A comprehensive analysis of nonenhanced areas of UIAs with FAWE using vessel wall imaging and computational fluid dynamics provides insights into the mechanisms underlying aneurysm instability.
A new species of planthopper in the genus Cobacella (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) in Costa Rica
Authors: ECHAVARRIA MARCO A. ZUMBADO , BARRANTES EDWIN A. BARRANTES , HELMIC ERICKA E. , BARTLETT CHARLES R. , BAHDER BRIAN W.
Published: September 2023

Recent survey work in Costa Rica has revealed a high diversity of planthoppers in the family Derbidae on palms (Arecaceae). During an expedition to Costa Rica in 2021, specimens were collected from African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) along the pacific coast and determined to represent a new species of derbid in the genus Cobacella. Herein, the novel taxon, Cobacella palmensis sp. n., is described and compared with the two other species in the genus. Supplemental molecular data for the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcoding region, 18S rRNA gene and D9-D10 expansion region of the 28S rRNA gene are provided to test the placement of the novel taxon relative to available otiocerine planthoppers. We also present a preliminary key to the species of Cobacella and review all available specimen records of the genus.
A new genus, new species and new records of Eucinetidae in Japan and Taiwan (Coleoptera)
Authors: JAŁOSZYŃSKI PAWEŁ , WAKIMURA RYOTARO
Published: September 2023

The following new taxa of Eucinetidae with semisuctorial and suctorial mouthparts are described: Bisayodes Wakimura & Jałoszyński gen. n., Bisayodes hure Wakimura & Jałoszyński, sp. n. (Hokkaidô, Japan), and Tohlezkus uminchu Jałoszyński, sp. n. (Okinawa-jima, Japan). New records are given for Tohlezkus rufus (M. Sakai) (Honshȗ, Shikoku and Kyûshû, Japan) and Tohlezkus orientalis Vít (Taiwan); the aedeagus for the latter species is illustrated for the first time. Identification keys to extant world genera of Eucinetidae and for species of Tohlezkus are given.
Seven new genera and thirty-four new species of buccinoid gastropods (Neogastropoda: Buccinidae) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska
Authors: MCLEAN JAMES H. , CLARK ROGER N.
Published: September 2023

Seven new genera and thirty-four new species of gastropods in the in the family Buccinidae, are described from the Aleutian Islands. The new taxa represent five subfamilies: Parancistrolepidinae Habe, 1972: Boreancistrolepis excelsus n. gen. & n. sp. Beringiinae Golikov & Starabogatov, 1975: Aleutijapelion mirandus n. gen. & n. sp.; Beringius nearensis n. sp., B. amliensis n. sp., B. bisulcatus n. sp., B. kiskensis n. sp., B. stanchfieldi n. sp., B. frausseni n. sp., B. aurulentus n. sp., B. maristempestus n. sp., B. undataformis n. sp.; Exiloberingius exiguus n. gen. & n. sp. Neptuneinae Stimpson, 1865: Aulacofusus canaliculatus n. sp., A. tanagaensis n. sp.; Neptunea aleutica n. sp., N. baxteri n. sp., N. dominator n. sp., N. petrelensis n. sp., N. quhmax n. sp., N. vesteraalen n. sp.; N. harrisoni n. sp., N. jewetti n. sp., Laevisipho galaxaios n. gen & n. sp., L. kessleri n. sp.; Volutopsiinae: Volutopsius nanus n. sp., Volutopsius gracilis n. sp.; Crebrivolutopsius labidentatus n. gen. & n. sp. Buccininae Rafinesque, 1815: Aleutibuccinum n. gen.; Castaneobuccinum orri n. gen. & n. sp., C. lauthi, n. sp., C. clinopsis n. sp., C. pagodaformis n. sp.; Sulcosinus carinatus n. sp.; Buccinum lanatum n. sp.; and Buccinum katharinae n. gen. & n. sp. The new genera and species are distinguished by the morphological characters of the shells and radulae.
Tadpole of the Vietnamese jelly-nest tree frog, Feihyla palpebralis (Anura: Rhacophoridae): external morphology and chondrocranium
Authors: VASSILIEVA ANNA B.
Published: September 2023

The genus Feihyla Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green & Wheeler was established relatively recently (Frost et al. 2006), but to date its composition has changed several times due to the extremely confusing and labile systematics of small rhacophorids (e.g., Grosjean et al. 2008; Hertwig et al. 2013; Biju et al. 2020). It embeds rather miniature, delicate tree frogs and currently comprises six species (Frost 2023). The type species, Feihyla palpebralis (Smith 1924), was described from Mount Langbian in the southern part of the Truong Son Range (Annamite Mountains) and was long considered endemic to Vietnam; recent reports that it is also distributed in China can be based on misidentification and need reliable confirmation (Biju et al. 2020).
Generative Linguistics as a Theoretical Framework for the Explanation of Problematic Constructions in Biblical Hebrew
Authors: Naudé Jacobus A. , Miller-Naudé Cynthia L.
Published: September 2023

This article provides a brief, historical overview of seven decades of generative linguistic theory, from its inception by Chomsky in 1957 to the present day, with special emphasis on its emerging concepts. The major contributions of the application of generative linguistic theory to the identification and explication of problematic construc-tions in Biblical Hebrew are illustrated. Finally, the article describes the prospects for further research in Biblical Hebrew using linguis-tics in general and generative linguistics in particular through a programmatic approach to the meaning-making processes of the languages of the biblical text. Keywords: Pronominalisation, topicalisation, left dislocation, ex-traposition, quantification, negation
On the Detection of Remotely Sensed Soil Moisture Extremes
Authors: Leeper Ronald D. , Palecki Michael A. , Watts Matthew , Diamond Howard
Published: September 2023

Remotely sensed soil moisture observations provide an opportunity to monitor hydrological conditions from droughts to floods. The European Space Agency’s (ESA) Climate Change Initiative has released both Combined and Passive datasets, which include multiple satellites’ measurements of soil moisture conditions since the 1980s. In this study, both volumetric soil moisture and soil moisture standardized anomalies from the U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) were compared with ESA’s Combined and Passive datasets. Results from this study indicate the importance of using standardized anomalies over volumetric soil moisture conditions as satellite datasets were unable to capture the frequency of conditions observed at the extreme ends of the volumetric distribution. Overall, the Combined dataset had slightly lower measures of soil moisture anomaly errors for all regions; although these differences were not statistically significant. Both satellite datasets were able to detect the evolution from worsening to amelioration of the 2012 drought across the central United States and 2019 flood over the upper Missouri River basin. While the ESA datasets were not able to detect the magnitude of the extremes, the ESA standardized datasets were able to detect the interannual variability of extreme wet and dry day counts for most climate regions. These results suggest that remotely sensed standardized soil moisture can be included in hydrological monitoring systems and combined with in situ measures to detect the magnitude of extreme conditions.

Significance Statement

This study examines how well soil moisture extremes, wet or dry, can be detected from space using one of the lengthiest remotely sensed soil moisture datasets. Comparisons with high-quality station data from the U.S. Climate Reference Network revealed the satellite datasets could capture the frequency of extreme conditions important for climate monitoring, but often missed the absolute magnitudes of the extremes. Future research should focus on how to combine satellite and station data to improve the detection of extreme values important for monitoring.
Lagrangian Analysis of Tropical Cyclone Intensification Simulated by General Circulation Models Compared with Observations
Authors: Song Chanwoo , Park Sungsu , Kim Siyun , Kim Juwon
Published: September 2023

To understand the intensification process of tropical cyclones (TCs), we analyzed the relationship between the TC intensification rate (I) and environmental variables along TC tracks during the time from TC genesis (tG) to maximum TC strength (tX), hereinafter τGX ≡ tX − tG, using a state-of-the-art general circulation model (GCM), observed TC tracks, and ERA5 data. During τGX, strong TCs with high I (sTCs) consume more convective available potential energy (CAPE) than weak TCs with low I (wTCs) and bring more CAPE from the equator to sustain sTCs. Compared to wTCs, sTCs prefer an unstable atmosphere with higher sea surface temperature (SST), stronger grid-mean upward flow at 500 hPa (ω500), more moisture convergence (MC), and weaker wind shear (Vs). Our GCM simulation shows that MC and CAPE have a single regression slope with I applicable both within and across climate regimes. Using machine learning, we found that the best combination of environmental variables (V6) for predicting I consists of ω500, MC, SST, midtropospheric stability (MTS), Vs, and latitude (|f|). Machine learning with V6 reproduces well the spatial distribution and interclimate changes of I: TCs are intensified in regions of stronger upward ω500, more MC, warmer SST, weaker MTS, smaller Vs, and larger |f|; TCs in a warmer climate have higher I than TCs in a colder climate due to more MC, warmer SST, but stronger MTS. These results are consistent with the conceptual understanding that TCs are intensified by the release of latent heat.
Contextualizing Disaster Phases Using Social Media Data: Hurricane Risk Visualizations during the Forecast and Warning Phase of Hurricane Irma
Authors: Prestley Robert , Morss Rebecca E.
Published: September 2023

Common disaster-phase models provide a useful heuristic for understanding how disasters evolve, but they do not adequately characterize the transitions between phases, such as the forecast and warning phase of predictable disasters. In this study, we use tweets posted by professional sources of meteorological information in Florida during Hurricane Irma (2017) to understand how visual risk communication evolves during this transition. We identify four subphases of the forecast and warning phase: the hypothetical threat, actualized threat, looming threat, and impact subphases. Each subphase is denoted by changes in the kinds of visual risk information disseminated by professional sources and retransmitted by the public, which are often driven by new information provided by the U.S. National Weather Service. In addition, we use regression analysis to understand the impact of tweet timing, content, risk visualization and other factors on tweet retransmission across Irma’s forecast and warning phase. We find that cone, satellite, and spaghetti-plot image types are retweeted more, while watch/warning imagery is retweeted less. In addition, manually generated tweets are retweeted more than automated tweets. These results highlight several information needs to incorporate into the current NWS hurricane forecast visualization suite, such as uncertainty and hazard-specific information at longer lead times, and the importance of investigating the effectiveness of different social media posting strategies. Our results also demonstrate the roles and responsibilities that professional sources engage in during these subphases, which builds understanding of disasters by contextualizing the subphases along the transition from long-term preparedness to postevent response and recovery.

Significance Statement

Visual information is an important tool for communicating about evolving tropical cyclone threats. In this study, we investigate the kinds of visualizations posted by professional weather communicators on Twitter during Hurricane Irma (2017) to understand how visual information shifts over time and whether different visuals are more retweeted. We find that visual information shifts substantially in the days before Irma’s impacts, and these shifts are often driven by changes in Irma’s strength or forecast track. Our results show that cone, satellite, and spaghetti-plot visualizations are retweeted more frequently, while watch/warning imagery is retweeted less. These results help us to understand how visual information evolves during predictable disasters, and they suggest ways that visual communication can be improved.
An Empirical Reflection on Educational Administration Quarterly's Distinctive Contributions to the Field, 1965–2020
Authors: Hallinger Philip
Published: September 2023

Despite its historical status as the world's leading research journal in the field of educational leadership and management, Educational Administration Quarterly faces the challenge of adapting to a rapidly changing publication environment. This bibliometric review sought to highlight the journal's distinctive contributions and identify future challenges. The review applied bibliometric analyses to 1,357 articles published in the journal from 1965 through 2020. Geographic authorship patterns have remained quite stable across the past six decades, with the national origin of authors highly skewed toward the USA, and to a far greater extent than other leading journals in the field. Document citation analysis supported the conclusion that the journal has been a key channel for the dissemination of programmatic research spanning multiple decades with an emphases on leadership, leadership effects, and social justice. Analysis of the intellectual structure of the journal's corpus identified four schools of thought associated with Leadership for Learning, Teacher Development and School Change, School Culture and Organization, and Social Justice. Journal co-citation analysis found that the content published in Educational Administration Quarterly has been increasingly influenced by research published in the fields of management science, applied psychology, and general education, in addition to educational leadership and management. Based on this review, the author concludes that the journal's caretakers face an urgent and important decision concerning their vision of the journal's future. Do they wish for the journal to remain a prestigious “national” journal, or become an international journal that engages meaningfully with the global community of scholars?
Seeking normalità in Alberto Moravia’s Il conformista: Towards an Italian history of the homosexual fascist in postwar memory
Authors: Lempres Katherine
Published: September 2023

This article analyzes the figure of the homosexual fascist, the ‘homo-fascist,’ in postwar cultural memory through the lens of Alberto Moravia's 1951 novel Il conformista ( The Conformist). Il conformista exemplifies the place of the homo-fascist narrative in crafting postwar cultural discourses around fascism, especially in the Italian case. Beginning from a close reading of the text combined with analysis of its historical context, the article deconstructs the narrative's interpretive logic to identify the many politically convenient fictions the homo-fascist offered within the growing project of postwar memory. These fictions, as embodied in the homo-fascist, facilitated the dual condemnation and excusal of fascism as the pathological weakness of the separate few, not the collective many. This analysis illuminates the often-overlooked historical role that narratives of homosexuality have played in the fluid construction of cultural, political, and social memories of fascism and its adherents. Viewing Il conformista within a specifically Italian vein of the narrative distinct from the German, moreover, critically reorients the text within Italy's individual and politically potent relationship to its Fascist past. Understanding the homo-fascist through Il conformista, therefore, enlightens not only the history of the homo-fascist figure, but also the histories of modern Italy, postwar memory culture, and sexual politics.
Social dialogue quality and workers’ health as perceived by Belgian trade union representatives during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wels Jacques , Hamarat Natasia , De Greef Vanessa
Published: September 2023

Union representatives were surveyed throughout Belgium between August and December 2021 through an online questionnaire ( N = 469) to assess the relationship between trade union representatives’ perception of social dialogue quality and change in workers’ physical and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. We use a modified Poisson regression for binary outcomes controlling for company characteristics, pre-pandemic self-reported health and pandemic-related measures. A total of 30.1% of the sample reported the social dialogue quality has deteriorated during the pandemic. Relative risks (RRs) of poor physical and mental health when social dialogue has worsened are 1.49 (95%CI (95% confidence interval) = 1.03; 2.15) and 1.38 (95%CI = 1.09; 1.74). Controlling for pandemic-related measures slightly reduces the risk of both poor mental (RR = 1.25; 95%CI = 0.84; 1.87) and physical health (RR = 1.18; 95%CI = 0.94; 1.49). Although based on self-reported variables, the study shows an association between poor social dialogue quality and health and underlines the need to look at company-level collective negotiation.
Greeting: A Case for Microethics in Medical Communication
Authors: Głos Aleksandra
Published: September 2023

Applying the lens of microethics, this essay analyzes the ethical meaning of greeting in medical communication. Although the importance of greeting is recognized in many healthcare communication guidelines, its ethical meaning is rarely considered. Drawing from patients’ stories, this essay describes ways in which a greeting or its absence may contribute to patients’ healing or be morally detrimental to them. It argues that greeting as a basic form of recognition welcomes patients in their embodied vulnerability and opens a space for their narrative inclusion.
“And Then COVID Happened…”: The Impact on Ministry and Disability in Local Churches
Authors: Carter Erik W. , Koehler Allison L. , Spann Emilee E. , Weber Millicent A.
Published: September 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on religious practices and participation across the United States. In the midst of new risks and uncertainty, churches across the country adjusted whether and how they gathered in a myriad of ways. This mixed-method study examined the pandemic’s particular impact on congregational ministry to and with people with disabilities and their families. Drawing upon interviews with and surveys of 200 church ministry leaders in 48 states, we capture the diverse ways in which nine aspects of these distinctive ministries were affected. Among the most pronounced impacts were sharp (and often sustained) declines in the number and consistency of ministry volunteers, as well as in the number of people with disabilities served through the ministry and attending congregational activities. Although commitment to this ministry largely remained undiminished within churches, depictions of ministry effectiveness were more mixed. Some variations in depictions of the pandemic’s impact were associated with church and ministry demographics. We offer recommendations for research and practice aimed at strengthening the capacity and commitment of churches to support the full participation of people with disabilities and their families.
Design and properties of shape memory sports bras for comfortable pressure based on ergonomics
Authors: Wang Xiaoxiao , Wan Ailan , Zeng Deng , Qi Qian
Published: September 2023

To improve the difficulty in wearing and uncomfortable pressure of the sports bra, shape memory polyurethane filaments (SMPUFs) were used to prepare seamless sports bras in this study. Five fabric samples with different stitch structures and yarn were prepared. Then shape memory sports bras were designed based on the properties of the different fabric samples and female body characteristics. SMPUFs were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry for the thermal properties. Shape memory properties and mechanical properties of the SMPUFs, covered yarn and fabric samples were measured. Besides this, the moisture absorbency, permeability and thermal resistance of fabrics were tested. A pressure test system was set up and the pressure of the sports bras was investigated at different temperatures. The results showed that the transition temperature ( Ttrans) of the SMPUF was 27.33°C, which could be triggered by human skin temperature. The best shape fixity ratio of the fabric sample was 82.5% and the shape recovery ratio was 94.4%. The comfortable pressure of the shape memory sports bra at the mean human skin temperature of 34°C was 1.6–5.6 kPa.
Open to All: Administrators’ and Teachers’ Perceptions of Issues of Equity and Diversity in Teacher Leadership
Authors: Beck Jori S. , Hinton KaaVonia , Butler Brandon M. , Wiens Peter D.
Published: September 2023

This study is a response to calls for more research on diversity in teacher leadership (TL), particularly in urban schools. Critical race theory illuminated the role race and racism can play in determining who gets access to TL positions and how that access is characterized using liberal discourse and ideology. We used a component mixed methods design to explore whether administrators and teachers perceived that teacher leadership positions were open to everyone. Beliefs that TL opportunities are “open to all” allow the field to accept the status quo, making it difficult to see (or do anything about) racial inequities.
Philosophical Practice and Agassi’s Approach to Practical Affairs
Authors: Gruengard Ora
Published: September 2023

Is Agassi’s philosophy of practical affairs applicable in philosophical practice? Is it recommendable to philosophical practitioners, counselors, or counselees? A critical rational approach like his demands a prior awareness, which participants in practical philosophy programs often miss. That approach is necessary for counseling that is really philosophical, and some of his ideas are inspiring. Yet the problems that interested him and his way of solving or dissolving them on meta-levels, are not always relevant to the counselees’ concerns. His attitude to the opinions, background, and concerns of others, though tolerant, is not recommendable to practitioners who have to take into account the perspectives of participants with other backgrounds, understand their “problem situations” and their “logic.”
Tocqueville and the Bureaucratic Foundations of Democracy in America
Authors: Thompson Douglas I.
Published: September 2023

One of Tocqueville’s best-known empirical claims in Democracy in America is that there is no national-level public administration in the United States. He asserts definitively and repeatedly that “administrative centralization does not exist” there. However, in scattered passages throughout the text, Tocqueville points to multiple federal agencies that contemporary historians and APD scholars characterize as instances of a growing national administrative system, such as the Post Office Department and the Bureau of Indian Affairs. I reevaluate Tocqueville’s treatment of bureaucracy in America in light of this evidence. I contend that Tocqueville, perhaps in spite of himself, reveals even the most paradigmatic examples of active, democratic self-government in Democracy in America—townships and other voluntary associations—to be embedded in and causally supported by a network of interrelated, centralized public administrative institutions. Crucially, Tocqueville never resolves the tension between his acknowledgment of the causal power of these institutions and his claims that they do not exist. This new picture of the empirical and normative complexity of Tocqueville’s treatment of bureaucratic institutions offers a rich set of conceptual resources for contesting, among other claims, the political construction of nostalgia for a lost age of do-it-yourself White settler democracy in a time before bureaucracy in America.
A call for QuantCrit methodologies: Unpacking the need for a critical lens in school psychology research
Authors: D’Costa Stephanie , Grant Stephanie , Kulkarni Tara , Crossing Adrianna , Zahn Miranda , Tanaka Marie L.
Published: September 2023

School psychology has heavily relied on quantitative methodology to create and sustain our knowledge of best practices regarding academic, behavioral, and mental health outcomes for students. Nevertheless, underlying assumptions of the neutrality of quantitative data have obfuscated how school psychology research has perpetuated oppressive ideologies and practices, which directly harm students from marginalized identities. This paper demonstrates the need for employing a critical lens when engaging in and consuming school psychology research that utilizes quantitative methods. One such framework is QuantCrit, developed in the United Kingdom, which intentionally integrates Critical Race Theory tenets into the development, analysis, and interpretation of quantitative data. We explore specific examples of the insidious ways that ‘presumed neutral’ quantitative approaches have led to the perpetuation of oppressive practices in the following key areas of school psychology research: (a) discipline disproportionality, (b) special education disproportionality, and (c) school accountability metrics. Furthermore, we provide recommendations for both utilizing and publishing quantitative research that moves school psychologists towards more equitable practices for children and families across the globe.
A speech-to-symbol app for supporting communication partner to model and improve vocabulary
Authors: Radici Elena , Heboyan Vahé , De Leo Gianluca
Published: September 2023

In order to meet the communication needs of individuals who use Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) devices, communication partners are often responsible for the programming of the AAC devices. However, the prolonged learning time and operational demands of AAC devices are often barriers to an efficient use of time during a therapy session. We developed a prototype app for iPad, called Speech-to-Symbol that decreases the programming time by finding pictures stored in the app using speech-to-text technology. We compared our solution to the TalkTablet app during AAC sessions with children with different communication disabilities. The aims of this study were 1) to compare the time to program both apps, 2) to identify the type of vocabulary used, and 3) to assess the usability of the two apps. Results showed that the reduced operational demands of our Speech-to-Symbols app allow communication partners to expose children to a larger and more diverse vocabulary. In addition, the communication partners gave our Speech-to-Symbols app a higher usability rating. Implications for clinical and educational settings and directions for future research are also discussed.
The International Turn in Far-Right Studies: A Critical Assessment
Authors: Campos Rodrigo Duque Estrada
Published: September 2023

In recent years, there has been an intense public debate regarding the worldwide re-emergence of far-right politics and the ways in which it has engaged with the international. Surprisingly, thus far there have been no reflections on the broader implications of conceptualising the far-right in its international, transnational, and global dimensions. This article argues that we are witnessing an international turn in far-right studies that posits the international as constitutive of far-right politics, opening new forms of understanding it both from a historical and theoretical point of view. It develops a conceptual assessment of the international turn in three steps: first, it identifies that what binds this interdisciplinary literature together and breaks away from mainstream approaches is a shared critique of methodological nationalism; second, it classifies innovations in two different conceptual levels: the ‘globalisation front’, which sees transformations in the nature of far-right politics due the intensification of globalisation, and the ‘historiographical front’, which claims that the far-right has always been an international phenomenon. The article then analyses the main limitations of the international turn and offers a way to overcome it by articulating an intersocietal approach to the study of the far-right that draws from Global Historical Sociology.

Le tournant international dans les études sur l’extrême droite : Une évaluation critique
Short-term rentals’ supply-side structure and the struggle for rent appropriation: Insights from Andalusia, Spain
Authors: Barrero-Rescalvo María , Díaz-Parra Ibán
Published: September 2023

Platform capitalism is a growing reality with a widening social and economic impact. The rapid expansion of Short-Term Rental (STR) platforms has led to new challenges for policy regulation. The main objective of this paper is to shed some light on current conflicts surrounding the regulation of STR. The body of literature on this topic mainly focuses on the increasing substitution of sharing economy by commercial hosts. By contrast, we explain that the ideological notion of host hinders the understanding of the supply-side structure. A critical approach (as critique of ideology and ideological categories) should entail a class perspective based on rent theory and engage with critical works on platform capitalism. In this article, we propose an innovative analytical approach to STR supply-side supported by rent theory, which focuses on the relationship of agents with land and technology ownership and specialised management services, as these are forms of rent appropriation. From this point of view, these supply-side agents are not hosts, but class factions with common and competing economic interests in rent appropriation. Therefore, they can employ a variety of strategies to influence the political regulation of STRs. Based on in-depth interviews with landlords, individual managers, and corporate agencies in Andalusia (Southern Spain), we show the conflicting internal structure behind the ideological notion of host and even professionalisation.
Therapeutic Myogenesis Induced by Ultrasound Exposure in a Volumetric Skeletal Muscle Loss Injury Model
Authors: Mohamad Yusoff Farina , Nakashima Ayumu , Kajikawa Masato , Kishimoto Shinji , Maruhashi Tatsuya , Higashi Yukihito
Published: September 2023

Background:

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) irradiation has been shown to induce various responses in different cells. It has been shown that LIPUS activates extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) through integrin.

Purpose:

To study the effects of LIPUS on myogenic regulatory factors and other related myogenesis elements in a volumetric skeletal muscle loss injury model.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

C57BL/6J mice were subjected to full-thickness muscle defect injury of the quadriceps and treated with direct application of LIPUS 20 min/d or non-LIPUS treatment (control) for 3, 7, and 14 days. LIPUS was also applied to C2C12 cells in culture in the presence of low and high doses of lipopolysaccharides. The expression levels of myogenic regulatory factors and the expression levels of myokine-related and angiogenic-related proteins of the control and LIPUS groups were analyzed.

Results:

Muscle volume in the injury site was restored at day 14 with LIPUS treatment. Paired-box protein 7, myogenic factor 5, myogenin, and desmin expressions were significantly different between control and LIPUS groups at days 7 and 14. Myokine and angiogenic cytokine-related factors were significantly increased in the LIPUS group at day 3 and decreased with no significant difference between the groups by day 14. LIPUS induced different responses of myogenic regulatory factors in C2C12 cells with low and high doses of lipopolysaccharides. LIPUS promoted myogenesis through short-lived increase in interleukin-6 and heme oxygenase 1, together with activation of ERK1/2.

Conclusion:

LIPUS had a constant effect on the variables of tissue damage, from macrotrauma to microtrauma, leading to efficient muscle regeneration.

Clinical Relevance:

The focus of therapeutic strategies with LIPUS has been not only for microvascular regeneration but also for skeletal muscle and related local tissue recovery from acute or chronic damage.
Effect of carbon nanofibers on the viscoelastic response of carbon/epoxy composites
Authors: Santos P , Silva Abílio P , Reis PNB
Published: September 2023

Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates nano-enhanced with carbon nanofibers (CNFs): 0.75 wt% and 0.5 wt% of epoxies Sicomin and Ebalta, respectively, were manufactured and their static and viscoelastic behaviour analyzed. After 180 min, the bending stress decreases and creep displacement increases over time, with Ebalta nano-enhanced resin laminates with CNFs showing the best results. A strong dependence of creep behaviour and stress relaxation is obtained with the applied stress level. The results show that laminates produced with pure Sicomin resin increased creep displacement by 1%, for a bending stress of 200 MPa, and 2 times greater for the bending stress of 700 MPa. The viscoelastic behaviour of CFRP composites nano-enhanced with CNFs was accurately predicted by the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW) model and Findley power law.
Lessons from former principals: Possible approaches to mitigating school leader turnover
Authors: Heffernan Amanda , Courtney Steven J , Doherty Joanne
Published: September 2023

Attention is being paid by researchers and policymakers globally to the problem of principal burnout and attrition, caused by rising workloads and stressful conditions. This paper identifies several possible mitigating strategies or practices, drawing on lessons learnt from former school principals about their professional experiences. The paper draws upon a case study of principal attraction and retention in Australia, focusing particularly on survey results from a subset of 56 Australian former school principals. The analysis is theorised through turnover theory, specifically with a lens on the push factors that influenced principals’ turnover and attrition. Our analysis shows that principals left the profession due to a perceived lack of support, complexity of the role and overwhelming workload. These are identified as priorities for new policies and practices that better support principals working in an increasingly challenging profession. The paper provides an original contribution to the field through its specific focus on retention and former principals’ perspectives. While the paper is focused on Australian principals, their experiences can provide insights into wider patterns being seen in countries with pressurised workloads, increasingly poor principal health and well-being, and subsequent concerns about the attraction and retention of school leaders.
If They Won’t Know, I Won’t Wait: Anticipated Social Consequences Drive Children’s Performance on Self-Control Tasks
Authors: Ma Fengling , Gu Xinxin , Tang Linghui , Luo Xianming , Compton Brian J. , Heyman Gail D.
Published: September 2023

This research evaluated the hypothesis that the act of offering an incentive produces anticipated social benefits that are distinct from the benefits associated with the incentive itself. Across three preregistered studies, 3- to 5-year-old children in China (total N = 210) were given an opportunity to wait for an additional sticker (Studies 1 and 3) or an edible treat (Study 2). Rewards were dispensed via a timer-controlled box that allowed the experimenter’s apparent ability to learn how long children waited to be manipulated experimentally. Children waited only about half as long when they believed the experimenter would not find out how long they waited. When children were offered three prizes for waiting, anticipated social benefits still drove behavior at least as much as the reward. The findings demonstrate that children as young as 3 years are sensitive to anticipated social rewards when responding to offers of incentives.
Free vibration and buckling response of functionally graded triply periodic minimal surface beams considering neutral axis dislocation
Authors: Kurup Mithilesh , Pitchaimani Jeyaraj
Published: September 2023

The work pioneers a novel investigation into the free vibration and buckling behavior of triply periodic minimal surface beams, characterized by diverse distribution profiles. Using Euler-Bernoulli theory, under various boundary conditions, the investigation is carried out on four TPMS (Triply Periodic Minimal Surface) patterns, mainly gyroid, primitive, diamond and IWP (I-graph-wrapped package). The neutral axis would not coincide with the geometric center of the functionally graded beams so the neutral shift effect is taken into consideration appropriately. Governing differential equations are derived and the solutions are obtained numerically using the Ritz method. The mode shapes have also been calculated. It can be concluded that the type of pattern and distribution profile, boundary conditions, grade and neutral axis shift effect play a vital role in the prediction of vibration and buckling properties.
‘It will never be well with SARS’: A discourse analytic study of the #EndSARS protests on social media
Authors: Aboh Sopuruchi Christian
Published: September 2023

This paper analyses the discursive strategies used by #EndSARS protesters in their tweets and Facebook comments to construct SARS officers, hold the Nigerian government accountable and demand social change. Informed by social media critical discourse analysis (SMCDA) and social movement theory, the analysis revealed three strategies: constructing SARS as oppressors, representing the Nigerian government as insensitive and issuing a clarion call for action. The analysis shows that these strategies enabled the protesters to construct the victim-aggressor categorisation, thereby legitimising their resistance to police brutality and demand for change. The study also highlights how the protesters deployed local linguistic resources and ideologies to appeal to the emotions of other Nigerians to join the protest. The study demonstrates how digital political mobilisation can galvanise reform in Nigeria, where leaders and law enforcement agencies are held accountable for their (in)actions. This study contributes to the developing interdisciplinary studies on SMCDA and digital activism.
Information Transparency, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Credit Rating: Evidence from Taiwan’s Enterprises
Authors: Yang Po-Sheng , Hu Jin-Li
Published: September 2023

Based on agency theory and overinvestment view, the research explores the possibility of severe agency problems caused by managers’ self-interest and promote information transparency to solve agency problems. Furthermore, according to the risk mitigation viewpoints, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) performance influences credit risk rating. Therefore, there is an interlocking relationship between the three parts, which are examined by panel data analysis. First, the Tobit regression is used to predict the enterprises’ ranking that did not win the CSR Award of Common Wealth Magazine. Second, the relationships among information transparency, CSR, and credit risk index (TCRITM) provided by Taiwan Economic Journal are analysed. The best model is chosen by using T test, LM test, and Hausman tests. Next, this research uses the fixed-effects model as empirical analysis. The major empirical findings of this paper are as follows: (a) Improving information transparency can promote CSR performance. (b) Improving information transparency helps obtain better credit ratings. (c) Better CSR performance helps obtain better credit ratings. In summary, all three factors positively affect a company, improving its investment environment and bringing about a good reputation. When business managers or decision-makers are developing business strategies, this could be something to take into account.