bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dense and influential core promotion of daily viral information spread in political echo chambers
Authors: Asatani Kimitaka , Yamano Hiroko , Sakaki Takeshi , Sakata Ichiro
Published: April 2021

Despite the intensive study of the viral spread of fake news in political echo chambers (ECs) on social networking services (SNSs), little is known regarding the underlying structure of the daily information spread in these ECs. Moreover, the effect of SNSs on opinion polarisation is still unclear in terms of pluralistic information access or selective exposure to opinions in an SNS. In this study, we confirmed the steady, highly independent nature of left- and right-leaning ECs, both of which are composed of approximately 250,000 users, from a year-long reply/retweet network of 42 million Japanese Twitter users. We found that both communities have similarly efficient information spreading networks with densely connected and core-periphery structures. Core nodes resonate in the early stages of information cascades, and unilaterally transmit information to peripheral nodes. Each EC has resonant core users who amplify and steadily spread information to a quarter of a million users. In addition, we confirmed the existence of extremely aggressive users of ECs who co-reply/retweet each other. The connection between these users and top influencers suggests that the extreme opinions of the former group affect the entire community through the top influencers.
Effects of fetuin-A-containing calciprotein particles on posttranslational modifications of fetuin-A in HepG2 cells
Authors: Uedono Hideki , Mori Katsuhito , Ochi Akinobu , Nakatani Shinya , Miki Yuya , Tsuda Akihiro , Morioka Tomoaki , Nagata Yuki , Imanishi Yasuo , Shoji Tetsuo , Inaba Masaaki , Emoto Masanori
Published: April 2021

Fetuin-A is an inhibitor of ectopic calcification that is expressed mainly in hepatocytes and is secreted into the circulation after posttranslational processing, including glycosylation and phosphorylation. The molecular weight (MW) of fully modified fetuin-A (FM-fetuin-A) is approximately 60 kDa in an immunoblot, which is much higher than the estimated MW by amino acid sequence. Under conditions of calcification stress such as advanced stage chronic kidney disease, fetuin-A prevents calcification by forming colloidal complexes, which are referred to as calciprotein particles (CPP). Since the significance of CPP in this process is unclear, we investigated the effect of synthetic secondary CPP on the level of FM-fetuin-A in HepG2 cells. Secondary CPP increased the level of FM-fetuin-A in dose- and time-dependent manners, but did not affect expression of mRNA for fetuin-A. Treatment with O- and/or N-glycosidase caused a shift of the 60 kDa band of FM-fetuin-A to a lower MW. Preincubation with brefeldin A, an inhibitor of transport of newly synthesized proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus, completely blocked the secondary CPP-induced increase in FM-fetuin-A. Treatment with BAPTA-AM, an intracellular calcium chelating agent, also inhibited the CPP-induced increase in the FM-fetuin-A level. Secondary CPP accelerate posttranslational processing of fetuin-A in HepG2 cells.
Precise levelling in crossing river over 5 km using total station and GNSS
Authors: Yang DingLiang , Zou JinGui
Published: April 2021

The trigonometric levelling using the simultaneous reciprocal method has been proved to meet the precision of second order levelling. But this method is invalid once the distance of river crossing is beyond 3.5 km due to the difficulty of target recognition at such a long distance. To expand the available range of this method, this paper focuses on solving the target aiming and distance observation over a long distance. A modular LED 5-prism (modified Leica GPR1 reflector) as an illuminated target instead of the common prism is introduced, and we adopt the sub-pixel image processing technique to recognize the center of the target image pictured by image assisted total station (Leica Nova TM50 I equipped with a coaxial camera). Based on the principle of precise trigonometric levelling, this paper utilizes two image assisted total stations using image processing technique to perform simultaneous reciprocal for zenith angle measurement and GNSS static measurement for slope distance measurement to determine the height difference of either river bank. And long-distance precise river-crossing levelling can be realized based on the mentioned above. Besides, it is successful to apply in the experiment of Fuzhou Bridge spanning 6.3 km in China. The result shows the standard deviation is ± 0.76 mm/km that is compatible with the precision of second order levelling has.
Acoustic focusing of beads and cells in hydrogel droplets
Authors: Fornell Anna , Pohlit Hannah , Shi Qian , Tenje Maria
Published: April 2021

The generation of hydrogel droplets using droplet microfluidics has emerged as a powerful tool with many applications in biology and medicine. Here, a microfluidic system to control the position of particles (beads or astrocyte cells) in hydrogel droplets using bulk acoustic standing waves is presented. The chip consisted of a droplet generator and a 380 µm wide acoustic focusing channel. Droplets comprising hydrogel precursor solution (polyethylene glycol tetraacrylate or a combination of polyethylene glycol tetraacrylate and gelatine methacrylate), photoinitiator and particles were generated. The droplets passed along the acoustic focusing channel where a half wavelength acoustic standing wave field was generated, and the particles were focused to the centre line of the droplets (i.e. the pressure nodal line) by the acoustic force. The droplets were cross-linked by exposure to UV-light, freezing the particles in their positions. With the acoustics applied, 89 ± 19% of the particles (polystyrene beads, 10 µm diameter) were positioned in an area ± 10% from the centre line. As proof-of-principle for biological particles, astrocytes were focused in hydrogel droplets using the same principle. The viability of the astrocytes after 7 days in culture was 72 ± 22% when exposed to the acoustic focusing compared with 70 ± 19% for samples not exposed to the acoustic focusing. This technology provides a platform to control the spatial position of bioparticles in hydrogel droplets, and opens up for the generation of more complex biological hydrogel structures.
Influence of Sr deficiency on structural and electrical properties of SrTiO3 thin films grown by metal–organic vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Baki Aykut , Stöver Julian , Schulz Tobias , Markurt Toni , Amari Houari , Richter Carsten , Martin Jens , Irmscher Klaus , Albrecht Martin , Schwarzkopf Jutta
Published: April 2021

Homoepitaxial growth of SrTiO3 thin films on 0.5 wt% niobium doped SrTiO3 (100) substrates with high structural perfection was developed using liquid-delivery spin metal–organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). Exploiting the advantage of adjusting the partial pressures of the individual constituents independently, we tuned the Sr/Ti ratio of the gas phase for realizing, stoichiometric, as well as Sr deficient layers. Quantitative energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscope confirm Sr deficiency of up to 20% in nominally off-stoichiometrically grown films. Our MOVPE process allows to grow such layers in phase pure state and without extended defect formation. Indications for oxygen deficiency could not be identified. Sr deficient layers exhibit an increased permittivity of ɛr = 202 and a larger vertical lattice parameter. Current–voltage characteristics (IVCs) of metal–oxide–semiconductor (Pt/SrTiO3/SrTiO3:Nb) structures reveal that Sr deficient SrTiO3 films show an intrinsic resistive switching with on–off ratios of three orders of magnitude at RT and seven orders of magnitude at 10 K. There is strong evidence that a large deviation from stoichiometry pronounces the resistive switching behavior. IVCs conducted at 10 K indicate a defect-based mechanism instead of mass transport by ion diffusion. This is supported by in-situ STEM investigations that show filaments to form at significant higher voltages than those were resistive switching is observed in our samples.
Prevalence of small for gestational age infants in 21 cities in China, 2014–2019
Authors: He Hui , Miao Huazhang , Liang Zhijiang , Zhang Ye , Jiang Wei , Deng Zhi , Tang Jie , Liu Guocheng , Luo Xianqiong
Published: April 2021

Infants who are small for gestational age (SGA) are at increased risk of neonatal and infant death, non-communicable diseases and growth retardation. However, the epidemiological characteristics of SGA remain unclear. We aim to explore the prevalence of SGA and to examine its socioeconomic associations by using data from 21 cities. 10,515,494 single live birth records between 2014 and 2019 from the Guangdong Women and Children Health Information System were included in the study. Descriptive statistical methods were used to analyze the prevalence trend of SGA and its distribution. We also analyze the associations between the prevalence of SGA and per-capita GDP. The prevalence of SGA in Guangdong Province from the years 2014–2019 was 13.17%, 12.96%, 11.96%, 12.72%, 11.45%, 11.30% respectively, and the overall prevalence was 12.28%. The prevalence of term SGA infants in Guangdong Province was 12.50%, which was much higher than that of preterm SGA (7.71%). There was a significant negative correlation between the SGA prevalence and per-capita GDP in 21 cities of Guangdong Province. The level of economic development may affect the prevalence of SGA. The prevalence of SGA in full term infants is significantly higher than in premature infants, suggesting that most SGA infants may be born at a later gestational age.
Estradiol-induced inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress normalizes splenic CD4 + T lymphocytes following hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Wang Peng , Jiang Li-Na , Wang Chen , Li Ying , Yin Meng , Du Hui-Bo , Zhang Hong , Fan Ze-Hua , Liu Yan-Xu , Zhao Meng , Kang An-Ling , Feng Ding-Ya , Li Shu-Guang , Niu Chun-Yu , Zhao Zi-Gang
Published: April 2021

The aim is to investigate that 17β-estradiol (E2)/estrogen receptors (ERs) activation normalizes splenic CD4 + T lymphocytes proliferation and cytokine production through inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) following hemorrhage. The results showed that hemorrhagic shock (hemorrhage through femoral artery, 38–42 mmHg for 90 min followed by resuscitation of 30 min and subsequent observation period of 180 min) decreased the CD4+ T lymphocytes proliferation and cytokine production after isolation and incubation with Concanavalin A (5 μg/mL) for 48 h, induced the splenic injury with evidences of missed contours of the white pulp, irregular cellular structure, and typical inflammatory cell infiltration, upregulated the expressions of ERS biomarkers 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). Either E2, ER-α agonist propyl pyrazole triol (PPT) or ERS inhibitor 4-Phenylbutyric acid administration normalized these parameters, while ER-β agonist diarylpropionitrile administration had no effect. In contrast, administrations of either ERs antagonist ICI 182,780 or G15 abolished the salutary effects of E2. Likewise, ERS inducer tunicamycin induced an adverse effect similarly to that of hemorrhagic shock in sham rats, and aggravated shock-induced effects, also abolished the beneficial effects of E2 and PPT, respectively. Together, the data suggest that E2 produces salutary effects on CD4+ T lymphocytes function, and these effects are mediated by ER-α and GPR30, but not ER-β, and associated with the attenuation of hemorrhagic shock-induced ERS.
Unraveling the cGAS catalytic mechanism upon DNA activation through molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Soler Jordi , Paiva Pedro , Ramos Maria J. , Fernandes Pedro A. , Brut Marie
Published: April 2021

MD simulations are used to provide insights into cGAS activation upon DNA binding and to explore its role in the catalysis of cGAMP production. Two catalytic routes are proposed, suggesting that the ATP–GTP mechanism is favored over the GTP-ATP one.
Melamine-induced formation of carbon nanotubes assembly on metal–organic framework-derived Co/C composites for lightweight and broadband microwave absorption
Authors: Liu Wei , Duan Pengtao , Mei Chao , Wan Kun , Zhang Bowei , Su Hailin , Zhang Xuebin , Wang Jinzhi , Zou Zhongqiu
Published: April 2021

CNT-based complex structures on ZIF-67-derived Co/C particles promote lightweight conduction loss and multiple polarization loss for the excellent microwave absorption.
MoS2/cellulose paper coupled with SnS2 quantum dots as 2D/0D electrode for high-performance flexible supercapacitor
Authors: Enaganti Prasanth K. , Selamneni Venkatarao , Sahatiya Parikshit , Goel Sanket
Published: April 2021

The effective incorporation of novel and highly conductive hybrid functional nanomaterials onto flexible and porous substrates is extremely desirable to develop flexible supercapacitors.
Electrical energy generation by squeezing a graphene-based aerogel in an electrolyte
Authors: Zhou Xiaoshuang , Chen Xin , Zhu Hao , Dong Xu , Li Lvzhou , Cheng Guanggui , Zhang Zhongqiang , Hu Xinghao , Yuan Ningyi , Ding Jianning
Published: April 2021

A compressible graphene aerogel converts mechanical compression energy to electrical energy in organic and aqueous electrolytes.
Limonene-in-water Pickering emulsion and on-demand separation using thermo-responsive biodegradable nanoparticles
Authors: Manfredini Nicolò , Merigo Manuel , Ilare Juri , Sponchioni Mattia , Moscatelli Davide
Published: April 2021

Modular thermo-responsive and biodegradable polymer nanoparticles enable the tuning of the properties of Pickering emulsions and the release of the emulsified fragrance on-demand.
A multiscale in situ high temperature high resolution transmission electron microscopy study of ThO2 sintering
Authors: Podor R. , Trillaud V. , Nkou Bouala G. I. , Dacheux N. , Ricolleau C. , Clavier N.
Published: April 2021

Two-grain systems formed by ThO2 nanospheres are used to study the initial stage of sintering up to 1050 °C using HT-HRTEM. The low temperature crystallite rearrangements as well as grain boundary formation and growth are observed.
Nitroreductase-responsive polymeric micelles based on 4-nitrobenzyl and AIE moieties for intracellular doxorubicin release
Authors: Sun Xue-Yi , Liang Ya-Xuan , Wu Cheng-Yan , Tang Quan , Liu Rui , Lu Zhong-Lin , He Lan
Published: April 2021

An amphiphilic polymerTNPdemonstrated the formation of a nitroreductase-responsive DOX delivery nanoplatform with high sensitivity and selectivity.
Location-thinking, value-thinking, and graphical forms: combining analytical frameworks to analyze inferences made by students when interpreting the points and trends on a reaction coordinate diagram
Authors: Parobek Alexander P. , Chaffin Patrick M. , Towns Marcy H.
Published: April 2021

Reaction coordinate diagrams (RCDs) are chemical representations widely employed to visualize the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters associated with reactions. Previous research has demonstrated a host of misconceptions students adopt when interpreting the perceived information encoded in RCDs. This qualitative research study explores how general chemistry students interpret points and trends on a RCD and how these interpretations impact their inferences regarding the rate of a chemical reaction. Sixteen students participated in semi-structured interviews in which participants were asked to interpret the points and trends along provided RCDs and to compare relative reaction rates between RCDs. Findings derived from this study demonstrate the diversity of graphical reasoning adopted by students, the impact of students’ interpretations of the x-axis of a RCD on the graphical reasoning employed, and the influence of these ideas on inferences made about reaction rate. Informed by analytical frameworks grounded in the resources framework and the actor-oriented model of transfer, implications for instruction are provided with suggestions for how RCDs may be presented to assist students in recognizing the critical information encoded in these diagrams.
Synthesis of flower-like nickel–iron–chromium nanostructure compound deposited stainless steel foil as an efficient binder-free electrocatalyst for water splitting
Authors: Zhou Caixia , Gao Taotao , Tan Jiong , Luo Zhaozu , Mutallip Lutfy , Xiao Dan
Published: April 2021

A flexible NICC/SSF electrode with a flower-like nanostructure as a bifunctional electrocatalyst exhibits favorable catalytic activity in both the HER and OER for overall water splitting.
Benzoate ester as a new species for supramolecular chiral assembly
Authors: Zhou Chuanqiang , Xu Qianqian , Ren Yuanyuan , Sun Xiaohuan , Xu Zhilong , Han Jie , Guo Rong
Published: April 2021

In this work, a benzoate ester molecule, dodecamethylnonacosane-2,28-diyl dibenzoate (DMNDB), has been discovered as a new species that aggregates into chiral nano-assemblies.
Spontaneous vesicle formation and vesicle-to-α-gel transition in aqueous mixtures of sodium monododecylphosphate and guanidinium salts
Authors: Gao Meihua , Du Na , Yao Zhiyin , Li Ying , Chen Nan , Hou Wanguo
Published: April 2021

SDP can form vesicles in GuSalt/H2O mixtures. A temperature-induced reversible transition between vesicles and α-gels was observed.
Fiber-reinforced monolithic supercapacitors with interdigitated interfaces
Authors: Yuan Fanshu , Salpekar Devashish , Baburaj Abhijit , Puthirath Anand B. , Hassan Sakib , Robles Hernández Francisco C. , Robatjazi Hossein , Saadi M. A. S. R. , Roy Soumyabrata , Sun Dongping , Kotov Nicholas A. , Rahman Muhammad M. , Ajayan Pulickel M.
Published: April 2021

We demonstrate development of structural monolithic supercapacitors (MSCs) via vacuum-assisted layering of composite strata using graphene nanosheets (GE), polyaramid nanofibers (PANF), and boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS).
Sulfur vacancies in Co9S8−x/N-doped graphene enhancing the electrochemical kinetics for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Li Hao-Jie , Song Yi-Hua , Xi Kai , Wang Wei , Liu Sheng , Li Guo-Ran , Gao Xue-Ping
Published: April 2021

Acceleration by pits: the kinetics of the catalytic conversion of lithium polysulfide in lithium–sulfur batteries are effectively enhanced by sulfur vacancies.
MnO2-capped silk fibroin (SF) nanoparticles with chlorin e6 (Ce6) encapsulation for augmented photo-driven therapy by modulating the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Zhang Lei , Yang Ruihao , Yu Honglian , Xu Zhigang , Kang Yuejun , Cui Hongjuan , Xue Peng
Published: April 2021

MnO2-capped silk fibroin (SF) nanoparticles with chlorin e6 (Ce6) encapsulation were synthesized via bioinspired mineralization for enhanced photothermal/photodynamic tumor therapy.
Cyanophenyl spiro[acridine-9,9′-fluorene]s as simple structured hybridized local and charge-transfer-based ultra-deep blue emitters for highly efficient non-doped electroluminescent devices (CIEy ≤ 0.05)
Authors: Sudyoadsuk Taweesak , Petdee Sujinda , Kaiyasuan Chokchai , Chaiwai Chaiyon , Wongkaew Praweena , Namuangruk Supawadee , Chasing Pongsakorn , Promarak Vinich
Published: April 2021

Cyanophenyl substituted spiro[acridine-9,9′-fluorene]s featured with HLCT excited states yielded highly efficient non-doped OLEDs with emissions in high-definition television standard blue color, CIEy ≤ 0.05, and CEmax/EQEmax of 6.54 cd A−1/4.63%.
Joint range and velocity estimation for integration of radar and communication based on multi‐symbol OFDM radar pulses
Authors: Wang Xiaojiang , Zhang Zhenkai , Esmaeili Najafabadi Hamid
Published: April 2021

Integration of radar and communication (IRC) is conducive to improving hardware resource utilization and spectrum utilization. This paper proposes a joint range and velocity estimation method for IRC based on multi‐symbol orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) radar pulses. A two‐step parameters estimation method is applied, where estimating the signal parameters via rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT) and weighted subspace fitting (WSF) perform rough and fine estimations. We first build a receiving model for integrated signal based on element‐wise division. The ESPRIT method is then adopted based on the double Vandermonde structure array manifold for a rough estimation. It has relatively high estimation error but low computational complexity. The WSF method based on alternating projection (AP) algorithm is introduced to make the estimation more precise and reduce its error. It uses the estimation results in the first step and reduces the overall computational cost. Simulation results show that the proposed method reduces the computational complexity while improving the estimation accuracy compared with the WSF method.
Mass and density of the transiting hot and rocky super-Earth LHS 1478 b (TOI-1640 b)
Authors: Soto M. G. , Anglada-Escudé G. , Dreizler S. , Molaverdikhani K. , Kemmer J. , Rodríguez-López C. , Lillo-Box J. , Pallé E. , Espinoza N. , Caballero J. A. , Quirrenbach A. , Ribas I. , Reiners A. , Narita N. , Hirano T. , Amado P. J. , Béjar V. J. S. , Bluhm P. , Burke C. J. , Caldwell D. A. , Charbonneau D. , Cloutier R. , Collins K. A. , Cortés-Contreras M. , Girardin E. , Guerra P. , Harakawa H. , Hatzes A. P. , Irwin J. , Jenkins J. M. , Jensen E. , Kawauchi K. , Kotani T. , Kudo T. , Kunimoto M. , Kuzuhara M. , Latham D. W. , Montes D. , Morales J. C. , Mori M. , Nelson R. P. , Omiya M. , Pedraz S. , Passegger V. M. , Rackham B. V. , Rudat A. , Schlieder J. E. , Schöfer P. , Schweitzer A. , Selezneva A. , Stockdale C. , Tamura M. , Trifonov T. , Vanderspek R. , Watanabe D.
Published: April 2021

One of the main objectives of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission is the discovery of small rocky planets around relatively bright nearby stars. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of the transiting super-Earth planet orbiting LHS 1478 (TOI-1640). The star is an inactive red dwarf (J ~ 9.6 mag and spectral type m3 V) with mass and radius estimates of 0.20 ± 0.01M⊙ and 0.25 ± 0.01R⊙, respectively, and an effective temperature of 3381 ± 54 K. It was observed by TESS in four sectors. These data revealed a transit-like feature with a period of 1.949 days. We combined the TESS data with three ground-based transit measurements, 57 radial velocity (RV) measurements from CARMENES, and 13 RV measurements from IRD, determining that the signal is produced by a planet with a mass of 2.33−0.20+0.20 M⊕ and a radius of 1.24−0.05+0.05 R⊕. The resulting bulk density of this planet is 6.67 g cm−3, which is consistent with a rocky planet with an Fe- and MgSiO3-dominated composition. Although the planet would be too hot to sustain liquid water on its surface (its equilibrium temperature is about ~595 K, suggesting aVenus-like atmosphere), spectroscopic metrics based on the capabilities of the forthcoming James Webb Space Telescope and the fact that the host star is rather inactive indicate that this is one of the most favorable known rocky exoplanets for atmospheric characterization.
Variability and correlation of milk urea content with parameters of cow productivity
Authors: Bolgov Anatoly , Komlyk Irina , Grishina Natalia
Published: April 2021

During the work, 24774 individual milk samples for Ayrshire cows (Karelia, Russia) with an annual milk yield of over 8.300 kg were tested (1.355 cows) every month for the last three years. The urea content averaged 32.19 mg% with a daily yield of 25.5 kg. In cows at the age of the first two lactations, the urea content was higher than for adult animals. The urea content in milk increased from 31.46 mg% to 33.56% with increasing daily yield. In summer and early autumn, urea concentration was lower than in spring and winter. A reliable positive correlation of milk urea was obtained with daily yield, lactose, negative – with protein, dry milk matter, dry non-fat milk residue, the number of somatic cells, and lack of connection was with fat and the freezing temperature of milk. The bull's genotype has a significant effect on the amount of milk urea. Heritability coefficient (h2) was in the range of 0.222 - 0.367.
Analysis of the global market of technologies in the field of collection, sorting and recycling of polymer waste
Authors: Starodubova Anna , Iskhakova Dinara , Misbakhova Chulpan
Published: April 2021

The authors propose a method for evaluating the market of technologies for the collection, sorting and recycling of polymer waste. The novelty of the study is classification of technologies for the collection, sorting and recycling of polymer waste. It is base on the principles of “Circular Economy”. The authors proposed an algorithm for calculating the specialization index of technologies. A patent search for calculating the specialization index performed based on this classification. The author’s method was the analysis of 17 countries at the beginning of 2021. These countries are owners of patents of technologies for the collection, sorting and recycling of polymer waste. The study reveals that the global market of technologies for the collection, sorting and recycling of polymer waste is formed only by 50% of the average level of the specialization index. The leaders in the specialization index are the USA, China and European Union. This evaluation of market allows us to determine the effectiveness of the waste management strategy. The authors offer two options. For countries with high specialization index, we suggest the strategy of differentiation. This strategy is to develop a comprehensive technology of plastic waste management. For countries with a low specialization index, we suggest the strategy of focusing. This strategy is to develop novel technologies on the basis of “Circular Economy”.
Waste management as an element of sustainable development of the circular economy in the European Union
Authors: Sultanova Dilbar , Maliashova Anna , Gadelshina Svetlana
Published: April 2021

The problems of waste disposal at the present stage of development all over the world are the most important. Waste accumulation is an acute problem in all countries. Waste damages the soil, affects the quality of life of the population and damages the vital functions of all living organisms. The decomposition time of some types of garbage is more than 500 years. Rapid population growth increases waste. The problem of their utilization is a promising area of development for all countries. In the countries of the European Union a waste management system has been developed, which gives positive results. The article discusses the main aspects of waste management policy in the countries of the European Union. The data of the general European trend in the formation of household waste for the last two decades are presented. Hypotheses about what factors can influence the correctness of the waste management policy were tested using regression analysis. The recycling rate of waste, the circular material use rate, as well as trade in secondary raw materials were chosen as indicators of the level of development of waste management. The level of GDP, R&D costs, human resources in science and technology were selected as factors of the effectiveness of this policy. Indicators have been identified that have the greatest impact on the degree of waste disposal.
Prospects of using Lachancea thermotolerans yeast in winemaking
Authors: Peskova Irina , Tanashchuk Tatiana , Ostroukhova Elena , Slastya Evgenij , Levchenko Svetlana , Lutkova Natalia
Published: April 2021

In connection with global warming, study to find new technological solutions that allow to obtain wines characterized by a lower ethanol content and balanced in the acids and sugars content is relevant.One of the solutions is to use Lachancea thermotolerans yeast, which can metabolize some of the hexoses into the lactic acid. In the present work the comparative studies of the chemical composition of wines from grape cultivar Cabernet Sauvignon and Crimean autochthonous cultivars Kefesia and Ekim kara, obtained using Saccharomyces and Lachancea thermotolerans yeasts, were investigated. Analytical studies were performed using HPLC. Experimental wines obtained using L. thermotolerans showed a decrease in ethyl alcohol content by 5-11% and pH values by 0.10-0.32 unit sand an increase in the concentration of titratable acids an average 1.3-fold and glycerol concentration by 30% compared to the control obtained at S. cerevisiae. In wines obtained using L. thermotolerans, the acetic acid content did not exceed 0.01 gL-1. The investigated wines were distinguished by their balanced and velvety taste. The results achieved indicate that the use of L. thermotolerans yeast is promising for improving the quality of the wine production, including those with organic status.
The role of digital marketing in improving the efficiency of the product distribution system of agricultural enterprises in the Krasnoyarsk Region
Authors: Nezamova Olga , Olentsova Julia
Published: April 2021

The article considers the system of product distribution and the possibilities of its development and improvement through the use of progressive, digital marketing technologies on the example of agricultural enterprises in the Krasnoyarsk Region in Russia. This problem becomes particularly relevant in times of crisis, when the need to reduce the cost of production increases. The process of product distribution is quite expensive, it has a number of organizational disadvantages. This process does not fully use modern digital marketing technologies to form a customer base, which would significantly speed up the process of product distribution. The article identifies the factors that restrain the development of the process of product distribution, which include: long distances between the subjects of the process, insufficient development of the transport network, its slow renewal, lack of distribution centers and their weak technical equipment, insufficiently developed infrastructure. Also, for a more effective organization of product distribution channels, it is necessary to actively implement modern digital marketing technologies in the process of product distribution, which will help to form a customer base and develop long-term communications with potential customers.
Development elements of the information and measurement systems of mobile environmental monitoring
Authors: Tumanov Aleksandr , Titov Aleksandr , Tumanov Vladimir
Published: April 2021

The article presents a proposal to improve the system of radioactive monitoring in the territory of St. Petersburg using an unmanned aerial vehicle equipped with a radiation detector. This radiation remote sensing device is essential to ensure environmental safety. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with sensors will make it possible to effectively obtain data on the radioactive contamination of the earth's surface and airspace. An un-manned aerial vehicle with a radiation sensor will allow you to receive data in real time. In the event of a potentially hazardous situation, this device will measure fluctuations in the dose rate distribution on the ground and can be used for radiation monitoring. For this purpose, an improved mobile radiation monitoring system has been created. The system consists of models whose functionality allows you to measure dose rates and create radiation pollution maps without the need for human personnel to be present at the measurement site. The convenience of the radiation monitoring system is the rapid deployment of unmanned monitoring devices to reduce the radiation burden on the population. The system can be used in any place where a source of ionizing radiation may be present. Before this system can be used in real-world conditions, its components are calibrated based on certified measuring equipment and state-of-the-art modelling tools.
Cold mashing - Analysis and optimization of extraction processes at low temperatures in the brewing process
Authors: Schöttke Niklas , Rögener Frank
Published: April 2021

According to indications, already 5,000 years ago beer was brewed without heating the mash, i.e. in the cold mash process. Applying this old method, the question arises to what extent this traditional knowledge can be integrated into today's brewing processes and to produce new beer styles at reduced energy consumption. Since cold mashing is hardly explored, this work is dedicated to in-depth analysis from a process and brewing point of view. Based on theoretical considerations of the mashing process, cold mashing formulations were estimated and analysed. Parameters for the experimental investigations were temperature, particle size of grinded grains, mixing ratio between malt and water, mashing time and the application of various multistage extraction processes. Additionally, at the optimum cold mashing conditions, a brew of about 10 L was produced, which confirmed the positive effects of the application of cold mash: Fermentation time is significantly reduced due to the composition of the cold-extracted malt components.
Predictive method of inventory optimization in industrial manufacturer performance
Authors: Makarova O.V.
Published: April 2021

Strong collaboration in supply chain at B2B market may improve operational and financial performance of both suppliers and clients. Need for collaboration benefits realization is especially actual for supplying manufacturers with huge investments in inventory as well as high ordering and carrying costs. Traditional stock level optimization models rely on historic data which makes them inefficient when supply if influenced by changing customized demand of key B2B clients. Strong collaboration with key clients, synchronization of planning process through the whole supply chain up to the end user and a forward-looking demand adjustment (ΔD, %) to the forecasting model are suggested to improve efficiency of planning. The model is validated at the B2B industrial manufacturer with positive effect. Application of the demand adjustment reorients the whole inventory planning practices towards a proactive approach that lead to a higher operational and financial efficiency.
Evolution of Ideas about the Role of the Environmental Factor in socio-Economic Development
Authors: Dotsenko E. Y. , Ezdina N. P. , Khasanova A. Sh. , Khasanov M. I.
Published: April 2021

The article presents an analysis of alternative theories of ecological and economic development. The authors formulate the role of the environmental factor in socio-economic development, taking into account the ideas of alternative economic schools and trends. The paper analyzes the problems of preserving the environment as the basis of human life. This takes into account the nature of the impact of anthropogenic pressure on natural complexes and objects, due to increased consumption, excessive withdrawal of renewable natural resources that exceed the rate of natural recovery, a reduction in the reserves of non-renewable natural resources, as well as an increase in the population. At the same time, the article focuses on the problems of sustainable, balanced, harmonious development of production and social systems.
Modern paradigms of Sustainable Development: Advantages and Disadvantages
Authors: Dotsenko E. Y. , Ezdina N. P. , Khasanova A. Sh. , Khasanov M. I.
Published: April 2021

The article presents an analysis of theoretical approaches and mechanisms for implementing the principles of sustainable development. The authors identify and analyze the main theoretical and methodological paradigms in relation to the concept of sustainable development: anthropocentric, biospherocentric and noospheric, identify the advantages and disadvantages of their epistemological potential. The paper examines the causal relationships and dependencies between economic, environmental and social processes in the context of the anthropocentric paradigm, defines the conditions and factors of sustainable development of economic systems of market organization.
Radiation dose typical values per procedure complexity for transcatheter ventricular septal defect closure in pediatrics
Authors: Rizk C. , Haddad R.N. , Saliba Z. , Farah J.
Published: April 2021

This study aims to establish radiation dose typical values (TV) for ventricular septal defect (VSD) percutaneous closures based on patient-, device- and procedure-related characteristics. Clinical and exposure data were retrospectively reviewed for 92 consecutive pediatric patients with VSD in whom transcatheter closure attempt was undertaken between March 2016 and December 2019 at a single reference center. TV were derived as the median value of total air kerma-area product (PKA,T), air kerma at the patient entrance reference point, fluoroscopy time and number of frames. Statistical analyses were conducted to investigate the exposure variability according to patient, device- and procedure-related characteristics. For (5–< 15 kg) patients, TV were 27 Gy · cm2 in term of PKA,T for venous vs. 9 Gy · cm2 for arterial approach. For (15–< 30 kg) patients, TV were 53 Gy · cm2 for muscular vs. 18 Gy · cm2 for perimembranous defects and 36 Gy · cm2 for AmplatzerTM vs. 14 Gy · cm2 for the LifetechTM device. Procedures conducted with the assistance of a fellow, venous approach, muscular VSD, AmplatzerTM devices, and procedural incidents increased the exposure levels significantly. The established TV provide benchmarks on patient exposure per procedure complexity and should help promote better patient radiation protection.
Two-stage fuzzy-logic-based for optimal energy management strategy for SOFC/PV/TEG hybrid polygeneration system with electric charging and hydrogen fueling stations
Authors: Ramadhani Farah , Hussain Mohammad Azlan , Mokhlis Hazlie , Illias Hazlee Azil
Published: April 2021

Integration between supplies for stationary power and vehicles is potentially useful for increasing the efficiency and the reliability of energy generation systems. Solid oxide fuel cell is one matured technology, which is suitable for a polygeneration system and provides an integration of supply for stationary power and vehicles. However, a combination of solid oxide fuel cell with photovoltaic thermal and thermoelectric generation increases the complexity of a polygeneration system. The system needs a management strategy for dispatching the energies produced. Therefore, in this work, a fuzzy energy management strategy was applied for this polygeneration system by considering two different configurations: an off-grid system with electric vehicle supply and an on-grid system with hydrogen vehicle supply. A two-stage fuzzy energy management strategy considering optimization and management of multi-parameters of the polygeneration components was considered. The evaluation of the optimum fuzzy was analyzed based on energy, economic, and environmental criteria. From the results obtained, the optimal strategy increased the reliability, energy, and system cost savings by 22.05%, 22.4%, and 32.58%, respectively. Moreover, the optimum management reduced the power loss of the polygeneration system by about 48.82%, which was achieved by the configuration with electric vehicles supply and off-grid connection.
Reduced stopping power for protons propagating through hot plasmas
Authors: González-Gallego Luis , Barriga-Carrasco Manuel D. , Vázquez-Moyano José
Published: April 2021

In this paper, stopping power as a result of free and bound electrons in a fully or partially ionized plasma will be studied. The free electron stopping power will be analyzed using the dielectric formalism, whereas bound electron stopping power will be calculated through atomic approximations. The data used for the calculations came from experiments in which hydrogen and argon hot plasmas are shot with up to 10 MeV protons. Plasma ion densities are ranged between 1019 and 1022 cm−3 and electron temperatures from 10 to 300 eV. In this experimental setup, the data show a regime of reduced stopping power that will be reproduced early exactly by our theoretical model.
Molecular fluid flow in MoS2 nanoporous membranes and hydrodynamics interactions
Authors: Kleinubing Abal João P. , Barbosa Marcia C.
Published: April 2021

We study the impact of the induced pressure fields on the water flow and salt rejection in nanopores produced in MoS2 membranes. We observe that the water permeability and the salt rejection are not impacted by the distance between the pores. This result contradicts the continuous fluid mechanics calculations in microfilters, which indicates the existence of hydrodynamic interactions between adjacent pores that increase the water mobility. Our results suggest that at this nanoscale, the hydrodynamic interactions do not affect the water mobility through nanopores.
A one-dimensional model of liquid laminar flows with large Reynolds numbers in tapered microchannels
Authors: Pekker Leonid
Published: April 2021

In this article, we construct a novel one-dimensional model of microfluidic laminar flows in tapered circular and rectangular channels assuming the flow in channels fully developed. In the model, we take into account the inertance and dynamic pressure terms. The model can be used for a wide range of flows: from the pure capillary flow regime, where the capillary forces are the main driver of the liquid in the channel, to the external pressure flow regime where the external pressure applied to the liquid at the entrance to the channel is much larger than the capillary pressure in the channel, so that the capillary force can be ignored. We apply the model to rectangular Y-shape junctions, where the base channel is connected to a reservoir and the end channels are exposed to atmospheric air. We show that, in asymmetric Y-shape junctions, there can be a time of “meniscus arrest,” where only one of the two channels with a smaller radius fills, and, the other one, with a larger radius, is arrested. The time of meniscus arrest decreases with an increase in the applied external pressure; when this pressure becomes large enough, the meniscus arrest disappears. In this article, we also investigate the applicability of the fully developed flow approximation assumed in the model.
Uncorrelated configurations and field uniformity in reverberation chambers stirred by reconfigurable metasurfaces
Authors: Gros J.-B. , Lerosey G. , Mortessagne F. , Kuhl U. , Legrand O.
Published: April 2021

Reverberation chambers are currently used to test electromagnetic compatibility as well as to characterize antenna efficiency, wireless devices, and MIMO systems. The related measurements are based on statistical averages and their fluctuations. We introduce a very efficient mode stirring process based on electronically reconfigurable metasurfaces (ERMs). By locally changing the field boundary conditions, the ERMs allow us to generate a humongous number of uncorrelated field realizations even within small reverberation chambers. We fully experimentally characterize this stirring process by determining these uncorrelated realizations via the autocorrelation function of the transmissions. The uniformity criterion parameter σdB, as defined in the IEC 61000-4-21 standard, is also investigated and reveals the performance of this stirring. The effect of short paths on the two presented quantities is identified. We compare the experimental results on the uniformity criterion parameter with a corresponding model based on random matrix theory and find good agreement, where the only parameter, the modal overlap, is extracted by the quality factor.
Dynamics of a droplet on a polymer brush in channel flow
Authors: Leong Fong Yew , Le Duc-Vinh
Published: April 2021

Using dissipative particle dynamics, we simulate an immiscible oil droplet on a polymer brush under a channel flow. Above a critical flow velocity, the droplet slides on the brush surface with contact angle hysteresis. Interestingly, we found the critical sliding velocity to be constant across droplet sizes and interphase interactions. Further increase in flow velocity results in droplet detachment and liftoff from the brush surface. Under poor solvent conditions, large droplets may deform into an airfoil shape, increasing the critical liftoff velocity. On an oleophilic brush, the droplet desorbs and spreads, instead of liftoff. Together, our results show surprisingly rich dynamics coupling three-way interactions between either soft or liquid phases. The present study has implications on the design of polymer brushes, as well as the removal of droplets from soft surfaces using hydrodynamics.
Order in chaos: Structure of chaotic invariant sets of square-wave neuron models
Authors: Serrano Sergio , Martínez M. Angeles , Barrio Roberto
Published: April 2021

Bursting phenomena and, in particular, square-wave or fold/hom bursting, are found in a wide variety of mathematical neuron models. These systems have different behavior regimes depending on the parameters, whether spiking, bursting, or chaotic. We study the topological structure of chaotic invariant sets present in square-wave bursting neuron models, first detailed using the Hindmarsh–Rose neuron model and later exemplary in the more realistic model of a leech heart neuron. We show that the unstable periodic orbits that form the skeleton of the chaotic invariant sets are deeply related to the spike-adding phenomena, typical from these models, and how there are specific symbolic sequences and a symbolic grammar that organize how and where the periodic orbits appear. Linking this information with the topological template analysis permits us to understand how the internal structure of the chaotic invariants is modified and how more symbolic sequences are allowed. Furthermore, the results allow us to conjecture that, for these systems, the limit template when the small parameter ε, which controls the slow gating variable, tends to zero is the complete Smale topological template.
Semiconductor to metal transition in the solids/melts of Te and pseudo-binary of Hg1−xCdxTe for x = 0, 0.1, and 0.2
Authors: Su Ching-Hua
Published: April 2021

This paper reports the experimentally measured thermal and electrical conductivities from which the Lorenz numbers as functions of temperature were derived for the solids and melts of elemental Te and samples of Hg1−xCdxTe of x = 0, 0.1, and 0.2. The structural changes in the vicinity of the solid–liquid phase transition of elemental Te and various Hg1−xCdxTe solid solutions were assessed by closely examining these experimental properties and the derived Lorenz numbers. The values of Lorenz numbers for the solids of these samples were higher than the value of L0, i.e., the Lorenz number for the free-electron gas derived by Sommerfeld [Naturwissenschaften 15, 825 (1927)], implying the characteristics of a non-degenerate semiconductor. With the increasing value of x, or the larger bandgap, the materials become more non-degenerate with larger deviation from L0. As the solids started to melt, the measured values of the Lorenz number for all samples started to decrease and eventually reached and maintained at values close to L0 at higher temperatures. The trend of the Lorenz number indicates the transition from a non-degenerate semiconductor of the solid samples to a metal or degenerate semiconductor when the temperatures of the samples reached above their liquidus temperatures.