bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wish Poems of Undergraduate Students Related to Physical Environment of Educational Faculty
Authors: Demir-Yildiz Canan
Published: February 2020

It is seen that studies on learning spaces in higher education institutions are very few in the literature. However, spaces have the power to affect behaviors and interactions with others. This study aims to determine the wishes of university students regarding the physical environment. For this purpose, it is planned to determine the missing things in the existing physical environment according to the “wish poems” of undergraduate students and their related wishes. Accordingly, the sample of the study consisted of 211 participants among the students of the faculty of education at a state university. In the study, for the purpose of revealing the views of the undergraduate students on the physical environment of their school, they were given a semi-structure, open-ended question format as “I wish there were … in my classroom/faculty/campus” and asked to write down 3 wishes regarding the physical environment. The obtained data were analyzed by using the content analysis method. In the study, different numbers of conceptual categories were reached under each sub-title with the method of coding and imaging. At the end of the study, 578 clear responses were obtained, and after examination, these responses were gathered under 35 conceptual categories in total. The categories about which the students had the most wishes were related to the furniture and equipment in their classrooms (f=51, 26.2%), social (f=33, 18.5%) and scientific (f=32, 17.9%) areas at the faculty and green spaces at the campus (f=61, 29.6%). Consequently, as pioneers of social and scientific change, it is important for universities to reevaluate their existing physical facilities based on the wishes of students in terms of feeding their innovative instincts.
Observing the Effectiveness of Task Based Approach in Teaching Narrative Essay at a Private University
Authors: Manzoor Hina , Azhar Sahar , Malik Fouzia
Published: February 2020

Writing is one of the most challenging skills of English language. Learners in Pakistan seem unable to master this skill even after years of using English as an official/second language. The focus of this research was to prove that within task-based learning (TBL) framework, language learners engage in purposeful, problem-oriented, and outcome-driven tasks that yield much better results as compared to traditional teaching methods which often fail to generate the desired output. The aim of this research was to prove that Task Based Approach is quite effective and successful in teaching narrative essay writing with an only disadvantage of time consumption. This study resorted to semi-structured interviews and post-test for data collection targeting the undergraduate students in Pakistan. This action research used purposive sampling and employed qualitative research design since the data comprised of both; final drafts of narrative essays and open-ended interviews. The data collected in the post-task phase i.e. the narrative essays were assessed via writing assessment rubrics presented in the IELTS guide for the teachers (2015). The bands were awarded on the basis of four parameters: task achievement, cohesion and coherence, lexical resource, and grammatical range and accuracy. The results delineated that majority of students achieved 5 bands and an overall improvement was observed in the narrative writing skills of students. In the same stead, the students in interview presented the view that Task Based Approach was much more successful in teaching them narrative essay writing.
Lexical Enrichment in English and Kurdish: A Comparative Study
Authors: Abdullah Khalid Ali , Hemed Soran Abdulrahman
Published: February 2020

The present study is a comparative study of lexical enrichment between English and Kurdish. It aims to compare the methods and the processes by which new words are formed and/ or new lexical items come to the languages. It explains how both languages can be enriched and which method or process is more common and productive than others in the two languages. The study consists of two sections. The first section is about the ways and the methods of lexical enrichment in English. The second section is about lexical enrichment in Kurdish in which similarities and differences are explained between the two languages. At the end of the study there are some important conclusions taken from the research, a list of Kurdish phonemic symbols and a list of English and Kurdish references.
Demographic Shifts and Segregation in Fargo and West Fargo, North Dakota Schools
Authors: Gilblom Elizabeth A. , Crary Sarah L. , Sang Hilla I.
Published: February 2020

In this article, we examine how demographic changes in Fargo and West Fargo, North Dakota between 2000 and 2017, including the resettlement of refugees, have impacted equitable educational arrangements in Fargo Public Schools (FPS) and West Fargo Public Schools (WFPS). Drawing on multiple data sources, including North Dakota’s Department of Public Instruction (DPI), Common Core of Data (CCD) available from the National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES) and block group data from the U.S. Census Bureau, we use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to examine city and district level changes in the years 2000 and 2017. We also conduct descriptive statistics and a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to assess the relationships among Black student enrollment, performance on state tests and enrollment characteristics that include race and free and reduced lunch. Findings underscore the increasing isolation of students over time by race, socioeconomic background and language.
Produções de sentido em torno do termo “Deus” no Quarto Evangelho à luz da Teoria das Metáforas Conceptuais
Authors: Cangussu Luciana
Published: February 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é o de, observando as especificidades da linguagem metafórica do Apóstolo João,  apresentarmos um teste metodológico da Teoria das Metáforas Conceptuais a fim de elaborarmos uma chave de leitura para o termo "Deus" no Quarto Evangelho, a qual leve em conta a noção cognitiva dos processamentos metafóricos.
Examining the Possible Effects of (mis)matches between EFL Teachers’ and Students’ Perceptions of L2 Writing Assessment on Students’ Writing Achievement Scores
Authors: Tajgozari Mostafa , Alimorad Zahra
Published: February 2020

The present mixed-methods study intended to explore Iranian EFL teachers’ and students’ perceptions of assessment of students’ written performance and the effect of any possible (mis)matches on students' achievement. To these aims, a convenient sample of teachers (N=5) and students (N=30) from different classes and institutes in Iran was recruited to participate in the study. In the first phase of the study, all of the participants, both teachers and students, were interviewed to determine their perceptions of writing assessment. In the next phase, students were asked to write about a topic and in the last phase, the writings were assessed and scored by both teachers and students. During this phase, teachers and students were asked to think aloud while assessing the writings. Results indicated that a) based on teachers’ perceptions, language, punctuation, content, organization, and communicative achievement are important factors in assessing a piece of writing, respectively. Also, teachers believed composition writing is the best activity to assess students' writing and the teachers should stick to their own perceptions while assessing writing and not use available rubrics. Moreover, all of them believed that scoring writing is always inaccurate and subjective; b) based on students’ perceptions, grammar and spelling
are important factors in the assessment of a piece of writing, respectively. They also
mentioned that the ability to write can be assessed through composition writing and their teachers should utilize their own perceptions rather than utilizing a standard rubric. In addition, most of them considered scoring writing to be always inaccurate and subjective; c) students' perceptions of writing assessment affected their writing scores. That is, based on their own perceptions of criteria for writing assessment, the students expected to receive higher scores than the ones given by their teachers.
Thematic Progression in Online Algerian Newspaper Articles: Insights to Producing Coherent Texts
Authors: Drid Touria
Published: February 2020

This paper presents an analysis of the preferred thematic progression patterns used in a
sample of online English versions of Algerian news articles written by Algerian journalists and appearing originally in Arabic. The purpose is to detect the recurrent patterns in this media genre. Departing from the more clause-centered models for the analysis of thematic development, the present study uses a categorization of thematic progression patterns derived from McCabe’s (1999) and Daneš’s (1974) models as a framework for the analysis. The corpus of the study comprises 30 online English articles that appeared in two Algerian newspapers Echorouk and Ennahar. The analysis proceeded by a T-unit segmentation of the collected articles in terms of themes and rhemes. Subsequently, determining intersentential connections as to the reiteration, alteration, or splitting of these two central constituents followed. Ultimately, patterns of sequencing were defined in the entirety of texts in the corpus. The results point toward a more frequent use of Simple Linear Progression and Constant Theme Progression. Derived Theme and Split Theme patterns are rarely used, while Split Rheme Progression does not feature in the data. Significant rates of ruptured themes are also recorded. The paper concludes by deriving useful insights as to finding ways of upgrading the writing of more coherent newspaper articles based on careful consideration of thematic progression.
Los jóvenes y la accesibilidad a la vivienda
Authors: Taltavull de La Paz Paloma
Published: February 2020

El artículo aborda los problemas relacionados con la accesibilidad a la vivienda de

los jóvenes en España. Se remarcan las dificultades ligadas con los mercados de propiedad y

alquiler, la situación actual de elevación de coste financiero y precios, así como la relación

intensa entre acceso a la vivienda y mercado de trabajo.

El acceso de la vivienda para los jóvenes se ha empeorado de forma relevante desde hace

algunos años en España. El problema parece más grave desde hace casi dos, a la vista de las

quejas públicas de instituciones y particulares sobre el impacto específico de este problema en

el colectivo de jóvenes en España. Sin embargo, es necesario clarificar las razones que tienen

los jóvenes a la hora de demandar una vivienda, y la fórmula mediante la que lo hacen, para

situar en el marco preciso el problema de falta de viviendas.

The article tackles the problems related to young people’s accessibility to housing accessibility in Spain. It emphasises the difficulties linked with the property and rental markets, the current situation of increased financial costs and prices, as well as the strong relationship between housing accessibility and the labour market.

L’article aborda els problemes relacionats amb l’accessibilitat a l’habitatge dels joves a Espanya. Es remarquen les dificultats lligades amb els mercats de propietat i lloguer, la situació actual d’elevació del cost financer i preus, així com la relació intensa entre accés a l’habitatge i mercat de treball.

L’accés a l’habitatge pels joves ha empitjorat de forma rellevant des de fa alguns anys a Espanya. El problema sembla més greu des de fa quasi dos, a la vista de les queixes públiques d’institucions i particulars sobre l’impacte específic d’aquest problema en el col·lectiu de joves a Espanya. No obstant, és necessari aclarir les raons que tenen els joves alhora de demanar un habitatge, i la fórmula mitjançant la qual ho fan, per situar en el marc precís el problema de falta d’habitatges.
Proposta simplificada de codificació alfanumèrica en els documents de planejament urbanístic
Authors: Zamora i Mestre Joan-Lluís , Fernández Rodríguez José
Published: February 2020

El planejament urbanístic ja ha adquirit plena maduresa i normalitat a l’estat

Espanyol, tant pels tècnics redactors, com pels administradors públics, com pels ciutadans, i

especialment per als professionals que són agents actius en els processos constructius de les

ciutats i el territori.

Dins d’aquest procés de normalitat i continuïtat en la planificació del entorn humanitzat s’han

formulat propostes tendents a unificar els procediments de treball, a establir índexs tipus de

documentació i sobretot unificar les unitats de mesura que valoren els paràmetres quantitatius

propis del planejament urbanístic. Aquest article vol ser una aportació més en aquesta línia de

normalització i millora contínua d’aquests processos, mitjançant la formulació d’una proposta de

codificació alfanumèrica simplificada en els documents de planejament urbanístic,

desenvolupada i contrastada a partir d’un cas real.

Urban development planning has already acquired full maturity and normality in Spain, for professional planners and other professionals within the public administration, as much as for the citizens at large and other professionals involved in the development process.

Within this process of normality and continuity in the planning of the built environment, proposals have been formulated to unify working procedures, to establish documentation type indexes and, above all, to unify the units of measure that value the very quantitative parameters of urban development. This article seeks to make a contribution in the line of normalization and continuous improvement of these processes, by means of the formulation of a proposal of simplified alphanumerical codification in the documents of urban development planning, developed and examined through a case study.

El planeamiento urbanístico ya ha adquirido plena madurez y normalidad en el estado Español, tanto para los técnicos redactores, como para los administradores públicos, como para los ciudadanos, y especialmente para los profesionales que son agentes activos en los procesos constructivos de las ciudades y el territorio.

Dentro de este proceso de normalidad y continuidad en la planificación del entorno humanizado se han formulado propuestas tendientes a unificar los procedimientos de trabajo, a establecer índices tipo de documentación y sobretodo unificar las unidades de medida que valoran los parámetros cuantitativos propios del planeamiento urbanístico. Este artículo quiere ser una aportación más en esta línea de normalización y mejora continua de estos procesos, mediante la formulación de una propuesta de codificación alfanumérica simplificada en los documentos de planeamiento urbanístico, desarrollada y contrastada a partir de un caso real.
La segregación residencial de la población extranjera de Bilbao
Authors: Lavía Martínez Cristina
Published: February 2020

El objetivo fundamental de este artículo es ofrecer una visión de la diferenciación residencial de

los inmigrantes extranjeros en Bilbao a través de la aplicación de algunos de los índices

básicos de segregación residencial sobre los datos disponibles más actualizados (Padrón

2007). Se trata de obtener unas medidas-resumen estandarizadas y comparables a las que se

vienen aplicando en otros ámbitos, así como de profundizar en el estudio metodológico de

cómo tales indicadores pueden contribuir al seguimiento del fenómeno de la inmigración

extranjera en nuestras ciudades y sus consecuencias en términos de estructura social urbana.

Los resultados permiten cuantificar el nivel de segregación residencial de la población

extranjera del municipio de Bilbao en conjunto y para los principales contingentes nacionales

específicos hasta un nivel de desagregación de sección censal.

L’objectiu fonamental d’aquest article és oferir una visió de la diferenciació residencial dels immigrants estrangers a Bilbao a través de l’aplicació d’alguns dels índexs bàsics de segregació residencial sobre les dades disponibles més actualitzades (Padró de 2007). Es tracta d’obtindre unes mesures-resum estandarditzades i comparables a les que s’estan aplicant en altres àmbits, així com en profunditzar en l’estudi metodològic de com aquests indicadors poden contribuir al seguiment del fenomen de la immigració estrangera en les nostres ciutats i les seves conseqüències en termes d’estructura social urbana. Els resultats permeten quantificar el nivell de segregació residencial de la població estrangera del municipi de Bilbao en conjunt i per els principals contingents nacionals específics fins a un nivell de desagregació de secció censal.

The aim of this paper is to give a vision of foreigner’s residential differentiation using basic

segregation indexes and updated data (Padron, 2007). The objective is to get syntheticstandardized

indexes, similar to those used in other cities, as well, to explore their application in

the study of the immigration process and in the urban social restructuration. The findings allow

depicting the level of foreigner population residential segregation for the municipality of Bilbao,

as well as, a further detail for census tracts using nationality detailed data.
Portada, índice y editorial de la Sección Especial "Inmigración y vivienda: el proceso de integración desde el análisis y la prospectiva de la formación de hogares y su acceso a la vivienda. Una aproximación a las 7 áreas metropolitanas españolas"
Authors: Fullaondo Elorduy-Zapaterieche Arkaitz , Garcia-Almirall M. Pilar
Published: February 2020

Sección especial: Inmigración y vivienda: el proceso de

integración desde el análisis y la prospectiva de la

formación de hogares y su acceso a la vivienda.

Una aproximación a las 7 áreas metropolitanas

españolas, que ha dirigido Pilar García Almirall, en el Centro de

Política de Suelo y Valoraciones (CPSV) de la UPC.
The Philosopher as Moral Activist
Authors: York Kyle ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: February 2020

It is normal to think that philosophers’ first dedication is to the truth. Publishers and writers consider ideas and papers according to criteria such as originality, eloquence, interestingness, soundness, and plausibility. I suggest that moral consequence should play a greater role in our choices to publish when serious harm is at stake. One’s credence in a particular idea should be weighed against the potential consequences of the publication of one’s ideas both if one turns out to be right and if one turns out to be wrong. This activist approach to philosophical writing combines moral concern with epistemic humility.
Ethics Across Campus and the Curriculum
Authors: McKiernan Amy ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: February 2020

In this essay, I offer an overview of the “Ethics Across Campus and the Curriculum Program” developed at Dickinson College over the past two years as part of a broader initiative to promote civic education and engagement. The essay proceeds in three parts. First, I explain the decision to adopt the language of “ethical reasoning” in our program and how I understand this work as supporting student activism. Second, I describe the faculty study group developed to incorporate ethical reasoning into already existing courses across the college. Third, I focus on how our college has incorporated ethical reasoning into new student orientation and first year student leadership retreats. Finally, I conclude with work on the horizon and a surprising result that has emerged from doing this work.
Transversal Posthumanities
Authors: Braidotti Rosi ,   DePaul University
Published: February 2020

Transversal Posthumanities emerge within the posthuman convergence of posthumanism and postanthropocentrism. Environmental, medical, and digital humanities reposition academic practice towards advanced technologies and climate change issues. A neomaterialist theoretical framework will help distinguish different kinds of Posthumanities: from the profit-oriented knowledge production practices of cognitive capitalism, to community-driven, non-profit experiments with minor knowledges.
Diuretic Use and Subsequent Electrolyte Supplementation in a Level IV Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Dartois Lauren L. , Levek Claire , Grover Theresa R. , Murphy Michael E. , Ross Emma L.
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate the relationship between diuretic use, serum electrolyte concentrations, and supplementation requirements in infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit.

METHODS

This was a single-center retrospective cohort study conducted in a freestanding children's hospital Level IV NICU. Data were collected for all infants younger than 6 months, admitted to the NICU between January 2015 and May 2017, who received 2 or more consecutive doses of furosemide, chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide, and/or hydrochlorothiazide/spironolactone. The primary outcome was the composite of the incidence of electrolyte abnormalities and/or electrolyte supplementation requirement within 30 days of diuretic exposure.

RESULTS

A total of 72 patients met inclusion criteria, with a median gestational age of 30 weeks. Overall, 92% of patients exposed to diuretics experienced derangement in at least 1 serum electrolyte and/or required electrolyte supplementation during diuretic therapy. Patients born at 36 to 41 weeks' gestational age, receiving thiazide diuretics, experienced a significantly lower rate of the primary outcome (37%, p ≤ 0.001). The most common electrolytes affected by diuretic use were potassium and bicarbonate, with the highest incidence of the primary outcome for potassium occurring in patients receiving furosemide (p = 0.0196). Last, the median total daily dose of chlorothiazide in patients with an adverse event was 15 mg/kg/day, compared with 10 mg/kg/day in patients without an adverse event (p = 0.0041).

CONCLUSIONS

Use of diuretics in young infants is likely to cause electrolyte derangements and/or require electrolyte supplementation. Patients born at earlier gestational ages may be at higher risk for developing such adverse effects.
Antipsychotic Use in the Prevention and Treatment of Intensive Care Unit Delirium in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Capino Amanda C. , Thomas Amber N. , Baylor Samantha , Hughes Kaitlin M. , Miller Jamie L. , Johnson Peter N.
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVES

To describe the antipsychotics, route of administration, dosage regimen, and outcomes reported to prevent or treat delirium in hospitalized children.

METHODS

Medline, Embase, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts were searched using the keywords “haloperidol,” “olanzapine,” “quetiapine,” “risperidone,” “ziprasidone,” and “delirium.” Articles evaluating the use of these agents to manage delirium in hospitalized children that were published between 1946 and August 2019 were included. Two authors independently screened each article for inclusion. Reports were excluded if they were published abstracts or included fewer than 3 patients in the report.

RESULTS

Thirteen reports that included 370 children receiving haloperidol, quetiapine, olanzapine, and/or risperidone for delirium treatment were reviewed. Most children received haloperidol (n = 131) or olanzapine (n = 125). Significant variability in dosing was noted. A total of 23 patients (6.2%) had an adverse drug event, including 13 (56.5%) who experienced dystonia and 3 (13.0%) with a prolonged corrected QT interval. Most reports described improvement in delirium symptoms; however, only 5 reports used a validated screening tool for PICU delirium to evaluate antipsychotic response.

CONCLUSIONS

Most reports noted efficacy with antipsychotics, but these reports were limited by sample size and lacked a validated PICU delirium tool. Future research is needed to determine the optimal agent and dosage regimen to treat PICU delirium.
Obstructive sleep apnea treatment with a twopiece mandibular advancement device with an elastic retention band in combination with orofacial myofunctional therapy: a case report
Authors: Ebato Arisa , Suzuki Hiroshi , Sakamaki Tatsuo , Ooguchi Sumito , Chow Chin Moi , komiyama Osamu
Published: February 2020

Two-piece mandibular advancement devices (MAD) are considered more comfortable than monoblock devices, and they are commonly used for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, they are not without limitations, especially in patients with nasal obstruction/malocclusion. Here, we discuss the case of a 37-year-old woman with mandibular regression and severe OSA, for whom a standard twopiece MAD was not adequetely effective. However, her sleep apnea improved with concurrent treatment with lip-muscle training (orofacial myofunctional therapy, OMFT) and a two-piece oral appliance (OA) supplemented with an elastic retention band (ERB). The OMFT improved lip muscle strength. In particular, the ERB restricted mouth opening. The application of OMFT together with an OA and ERB was a good option for this patient. Future clinical trials should include a three-arm study involving the OMFT (with measurement of lip-closure force, reflecting the degree of mouth opening), the two-piece OA with an ERB, and combined treatment.
Use of positional therapy when incorporated into a diagnosis-treatment algorithm for obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Vega Maria Elena , Diaz-Abad Montserrat , Jaffe Fredric , Yu Daohai , Chatila Wissam , D’Alonzo Gilbert E , Krachman Samuel
Published: February 2020

Purpose Positional obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is prevalent. We hypothesized that by incorporating positional therapy into a diagnosis-treatment algorithm for OSA it would frequently be prescribed as an appropriate first-line therapy.

Methods Fifty-nine members (45 males, 49±9 yrs, BMI 35.2±5.6 kg/m2) of the Law Enforcement Health Benefits (LEHB), Inc. of Philadelphia with clinically suspected OSA were evaluated. Patients completed an Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) questionnaire and a home sleep test (HST). Patients diagnosed with positional OSA (non-supine apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] < 5 events/hr) were offered positional therapy. A cost comparison to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy was performed.

Results Fifty-four (92%) of the patients (43 males, 49±9 yrs, BMI 35.2±5.3 kg/m2) had OSA on their HST (AHI 24.2±20.1 events/hr). Sixteen (30%) patients had positional OSA. Compared to non-positional patients, patients with positional OSA were less heavy (32.4±5.1 vs. 36.4±5.1 kg/m2, respectively [p=0.009]), less sleepy (ESS 8±5 vs. 12±5, respectively [p=0.009]), and had less severe OSA (AHI 10.4±4.3 vs. 30.0±21.3 events/hr, respectively [p<0.001]). Thirteen of the 16 patients with positional OSA agreed to positional therapy and 31 non-positional OSA patients agreed to CPAP therapy. Based on initial costs, incorporating positional therapy ($189.95/device compared to CPAP therapy at $962.49/device) into the treatment algorithm resulted in a 24% cost savings compared to if all the patients were initiated on CPAP therapy.

Conclusion With the high prevalence of positional OSA, using a diagnosis-treatment algorithm that incorporates positional therapy allows it to be more frequently considered as a cost effective first-line therapy for OSA.
The sensory pain of Dante's Inferno - Semantics of chronic pain in patients with narcolepsy
Authors: Cremaschi Renata Carvalho , Hirotsu Camila , Tufik Sergio , Coelho Fernando Morgadinho
Published: February 2020

Objective To examine the semantics of chronic pain in narcolepsy and to compare with the poem Inferno, from Dante Alighieri.

Methods A cross-sectional study, in which type 1 (n=33) and type 2 (n=33) patients (hypocretin-1 quantification in cerebrospinal fluid), were studied at Departamento de Psicobiologia - Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Brazil). We assessed pain descriptors in the Present Rating Index (PRI) from McGill Pain Questionnaire.

Results There was no significant difference in PRI between narcolepsy groups. In both groups, the most frequent words had a sensory dimension: throbbing, jumping, and tugging. Multiple correspondence analysis revealed the predominance of sensory descriptors and the deficiency of affective descriptors in these groups.

Discussion A study that interpreted the poem Inferno, from Dante Alighieri, as McGill Pain Questionnaires descriptors suggested a contribution of the sensory dimension in pain of possibly narcolepsy patients, similar as in our results.
Sleep extension reduces fatigue in healthy, normally-sleeping young adults
Authors: Mantua Janna , Skeiky Lillian , Prindle Nora , Trach Sara , Doty Tracy Jill , Balkin Thomas J , Brager Allison Joy , Capaldi Vincent F. , Simonelli Guido
Published: February 2020

Objective To assess the effects of one week of sleep extension on mood, fatigue and subjective sleepiness in normal-sleeping young adults.

Methods Twenty-seven adults (age 24.4±5.4 years, 11 female) participated. At-home baseline sleep/wake patterns were recorded with wrist actigraphy for 14 days. This was followed by two nights of in-lab baseline sleep with 8 hours time in bed (TIB), then 7 nights with TIB extended to 10 hours (2100-0700 hours). Fatigue, mood, and sleepiness were assessed following the 2nd and 9th nights of in-laboratory sleep (i.e., 2 nights with 8hTIB and 7 nights with 10 hours TIB, respectively) using the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metric and Karolinska Sleepiness Scale. Paired t-tests were used to compare mood, fatigue, and sleepiness ratings between conditions.

Results At-home wrist actigraphy revealed a mean nightly total sleep time (TST) of 7.53 +/- 0.88 hours of sleep per night. Mean in-lab baseline sleep duration (7.76 +/- 0.59) did not differ from at-home sleep. However, during sleep extension, mean TST was 9.36 +/- 0.37 hours per night, significantly more than during the in-lab baseline (p < .001). Following sleep extension, fatigue ratings were significantly reduced, relative to baseline (p = .03). However, sleep extension had no other significant effects on subjective ratings of mood or sleepiness.

Conclusions Sleep extension resulted in reduced fatigue in healthy, normal-sleeping young adults, although subjective sleepiness and mood were not improved. Implications include the possibility that (a) the effects of sleep extension on various aspects of mood depend upon the extent to which those aspects of mood are made salient by the study design and methodology; and (b) sleep extension may prove beneficial to fatigue-related conditions such as “burnout.”
A valorização das plantas medicinais como alternativa à saúde: um estudo etnobotânico
Authors: Rodrigues Tayronne de Almeida , Leandro Neto João , Carvalho Tainnã de Almeida Rodrigues , Barbosa Murilo Evangelista , Guedes Joab Cardoso , Carvalho Aluísio Vasconcelos de
Published: February 2020

O Estado Santa Catarina é dotado de reconhecida biodiversidade, grande variedade de paisagens naturais: mata atlântica, litoral e cadeias de montanhas e de serras, sendo que Águas Mornas é classificada como área de imigração colonial de europeus (sec. XIX). Além disso, trata-se de uma região de rica diversidade cultural, composta por migrantes de outras regiões do Brasil, resultando em miscigenação cultural, o que atua decisivamente na utilização das plantas medicinais. Para entender o uso desses recursos naturais, suas relações existentes entre o homem e o ambiente, realizou-se um estudo etnoecológico versando os usos das plantas medicinais na medicina popular no Bairro de Santa Isabel, no Município de Águas Mornas/SC. De fato não se tem registro de nenhum levantamento de plantas medicinais entre a população do munícipio, sobre plantas medicinais, o que resulta na problemática da pesquisa; ou seja, em que nível a falta de valorização dos conhecimentos sobre plantas medicinais pode afetar a saúde da população local, que procura quase que única e exclusivamente os tratamentos da medicina convencional, lotando hospitais e unidades de saúde, muitos deles acometidos de moléstias que poderiam ser sanadas por meio do uso de ervas naturais? A coleta dos dados foi realizada em dois momentos. Primeiramente  ocorreu  a  entrevista  com  a  população, por meio de formulários semiestruturados, estabelecendo um estudo de caso, ou seja, um levantamento dos conhecimentos populares dos envolvidos na pesquisa. No segundo momento foi realizada entrevista com casal raizeiro/benzedor, utilizando também entrevistas semiestruturadas, analisado os seguintes aspectos: tempo de trabalho com plantas medicinais, tempo de residência em Santa Isabel (mínimo 8 anos), além de quais as plantas que usam. A maioria do púbico entrevistado possui entre 15 e 50 anos, caracterizando uma população jovem, de baixa renda, com uma renda mensal de 1 a 2 salários mínimos. Não diferente, mesmo que tenha apresentado grande parcela de pessoas jovens, o típico usuário de plantas medicinais é dominante, por mulheres idosas, com pouco ou nenhum estudo. Aprenderam suas receitas com os pais, avós e outros ancestrais. Verificou-se que os recursos naturais nativos têm-se escasseado, levando em consideração o impacto de culturas imigrantes, influenciando significativamente na tradicional cultura de uso de plantas medicinais, com a introdução de hábitos e muitas plantas exóticas.
La frase de Pseudartabas (Ar. Ach. 100): ¿galimatías o antiguo persa?
Authors: Álvarez-Pedrosa Núñez Juan Antonio
Published: February 2020

En la comedia de Aristófanes Los acarnienses se presenta a Pseudartabas, un embajador del Imperio aqueménida, que saluda a la Asamblea de los atenienses con un verso en un texto incomprensible. Se han hecho varias interpretaciones del pasaje sobre la hipótesis de que responde a un antiguo persa real y no a una mera sucesión de sílabas que suenan a una lengua extranjera. El presente artículo hace una nueva propuesta en el primer sentido, integrando el mensaje del saludo de Pseudartabas con su segunda intervención, que constituye el contenido real de la embajada persa.

In Aristophanes' Acharnians Pseudartabas, an ambassador of the Achaemenid Empire, who greets the Assembly of the Athenians with a verse in an incomprehensible text, is introduced. Several interpretations of the passage have been made on the hypothesis that  it responds to a real Old Persian and not a mere succession of syllables that sound like a foreign language. This paper proposes a new interpretation, integrating the message of the Pseudartabas' first intervention with his second phrase, which constitutes the real content of the Persian embassy.
Un hápax obsceno en Retorio: ἀσελγόπυγος
Authors: Martos Montiel Juan Francisco
Published: February 2020

Se discute la corrección de Cumont al texto de Rhetor., CCAG VIII 4, p. 195.13 (ἀσελγοπύγους) y se defiende la inclusión de este hápax en los grandes diccionarios de referencia.

Correction of Cumont in Rhetor., CCAG VIII 4, p. 195.13 (ἀσελγοπύγους) is discussed, defending the inclusion of this hapax in the major reference dictionaries.
Real-life Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach to CLL: A New Proposal from an Expert Panel in Tuscany Region
Authors: Bocchia Monica , Bosi Alberto , Capochiani Enrico , Ciolli Stefania , Danesi Romano , Galimberti Sara , Gozzetti Alessandro , Moretti Sabrina , Occhini Ubaldo , Petrini Mario
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND: In the last years genomic and somatic alterations have shown to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and new prognostic factors have been identified accordingly.AIM: To describe a real-life diagnostic and therapeutic approach to CLL that takes into account the role of genomic and somatic prognostic factors in the risk stratification of developing progressive disease, and treatment decision.METHODS: This new proposal has been developed and validated by ten key opinion leaders from Tuscany Region during two Expert Meetings. The approach suggested comes from their experience in daily clinical practice and is supported by guidelines recommendations, clinical trials results, and drugs prescribing conditions in Italy.RESULTS: Beside TP53 deletion or mutated status, the Expert Panel highlighted the importance of the IGHV mutation status characterization, since the diagnosis, in order to identify patients who will have a more aggressive progression. Furthermore, just before starting treatment, to obtain useful prognostic information and indication in the selection of the therapy, they recommend cytogenetic analysis for the detection of del(11q), trisomy 12, del(13q), del(17p), conventional karyotyping of stimulated CLL cells, TP53 sequencing, and molecular genetic analysis to detect IGHV mutation status.CONCLUSIONS: The Expert Panel recognized the limitations associated with traditional staging systems in identifying patients who will have a more aggressive disease course and predicting response to treatment and suggested a real-life diagnostic and therapeutic approach to CLL to update the current patient management in light of recent advances that have improved understanding of CLL.
Consumer behaviour and new consumer trends vis-à-vis the ICTs
Authors: Santos Millán Irene
Published: February 2020

Objectives. In this paper, consumer behaviour is analysed following the criterion of behavioural economics and how it affects digitalisation, and the current change in consumer trends.

Methodology. It is based on a search of behavioural economics studies and theories arising within this field, such as the Nudge Theory. Having gained an understanding of consumer behaviour, this was taken to the digital arena and the different ways of obtaining information from users to learn about their behaviour in this area and its impact, were analysed.

Results. By studying behavioural economics, the conclusion was that there are differences with classical economics, which asserts that people’s decision making is rational, while behavioural economics argues that we are influenced by many aspects. This taken to the world of digitalisation translates as the great importance to companies of collecting data from users in order to learn about them and be able to predict their behaviour.

Limitations. There are few studies on behavioural economics within the digital field, and there is less information on consumer behaviour online as offline.
Postoperative hyperlactatemia and serum lactate level trends among heart transplant recipients
Authors: Kędziora Anna , Wierzbicki Karol , Piątek Jacek , Hymczak Hubert , Górkiewicz-Kot Izabela , Milaniak Irena , Tomsia Paulina , Sobczyk Dorota , Drwila Rafal , Kapelak Boguslaw
Published: February 2020

Background

Advanced heart failure (HF), that affects 10% of the HF population, is associated with high mortality rate, meeting 50% at 1-year from diagnosis. For these individuals, heart transplantation (HTX) remains the ultimate and the gold-standard treatment option. Serum lactate level measurements has been proven useful for determining the outcome following other cardiac surgeries and among critically ill patients. Increased serum lactate levels are expected following HTX; however, no detailed analysis has been yet performed in this population. The research aims to estimate the prevalence of hyperlactatemia and describe early postoperative serum lactate level trends among heart transplant recipients.

Materials and Methods

Forty-six consecutive patients, who underwent HTX between 2010 and 2015, were enrolled into the retrospective analysis. Serum lactate level measurements within first 48 hours post-HTX were obtained every 6 hours from routinely conducted arterial blood gas analyses. The threshold for hyperlactatemia was considered at >1.6 mmol/L, according to upper limit of normal, based on internal laboratory standardization. The highest observed measurement within the observation, regardless of the time point of observation was determined for each patient individually and was appointed as Peak Value.

Results

Consecutively measured serum lactate levels differed in time (p = 0.000), with the initial increase and subsequent decrease of the values (4.3 vs. 1.9 mmol/l; p = 0.000). The increase from the baseline level to the Peak Value was statistically significant (4.3 vs. 7.0 mmol/l; p = 0.000). Various serum lactate level trends were identified, with one or more hyperlactatemia episodes. Eventually, 50% of the individuals had normal serum lactate levels at the end of the study, and hyperlactatemia was observed in the other half.

Conclusions

Throughout the observation, all of the patients experienced at least one episode of hyperlactatemia, with the median Peak Value of 7.0 (4.5–8.4) mmol/L. Various serum lactate level trends can be identified in post-HTX patients. Further research is required to determine the clinical usefulness of newly reported serum lactate level trends among heart transplant recipients.
Effects of personality and rearing-history on the welfare of captive Asiatic lions (Panthera leo persica)
Authors: Goswami Sitendu , Tyagi Praveen C. , Malik Pradeep K. , Pandit Shwetank J. , Kadivar Riyazahmed F. , Fitzpatrick Malcolm , Mondol Samrat
Published: February 2020

Background

The long-term success of ex-situ conservation programmes depends on species-appropriate husbandry and enrichment practices complemented by an accurate welfare assessment protocol. Zoos and conservation breeding programmes should employ a bottom-up approach to account for intraspecific variations in measures of animal welfare. We studied 35 (14:21) captive Asiatic lions in Sakkarbaug Zoological Garden, Junagadh, India to understand the implications of individual variations on welfare measures. We categorized the subjects based on personality traits (bold or shy), rearing history (wild-rescued or captive-raised), sex, and social-grouping. We explored the association of these categorical variables on welfare indices such as behavioural diversity, latency to approach novel objects, enclosure usage and aberrant repetitive behaviours. Further, we assessed the inter-relationships between different behavioural measures of welfare.

Results

Our results show that intraspecific variations based on rearing-history and personality traits are significantly associated with the welfare states of captive Asiatic lions. Asiatic lions with bold personality traits (M = 0.50, SD = 0.12, N = 21) and those raised in captivity (M = 0.47, SD = 0.12, N = 16) used enclosure space more homogenously compared to shy (M = 0.71, SD = 0.15, N = 14) and wild-rescued (M = 0.67, SD = 0.15, N = 19) animals. Behaviour diversity was significantly higher in captive-raised (M = 1.26, SD = 0.3, N = 16) and bold (M = 1.23, SD = 0.26, N = 21) subjects compared to wild-rescued (M = 0.83, SD = 0.35, N = 19) and shy (M = 0.73, SD = 0.34, N = 14) individuals. Aberrant repetitive behaviours (stereotypy) were significantly lower in bold (M = 7.01, SD = 4, N = 21) and captive-raised (M = 7.74, SD = 5.3) individuals compared to wild-rescued (M = 13.12, SD = 6.25, N = 19) and shy (M = 16.13, SD = 5.4, N = 16) lions. Sex and social-grouping of subjects did not show significant associations with behavioural welfare indices. Interestingly, behaviour diversity was reliably predicted by the enclosure usage patterns and aberrant repetitive behaviours displayed by subjects.

Discussion

Our findings underline the importance of individual-centric, behaviour-based, and multi-dimensional welfare assessment approaches in ex-situ conservation programmes. The results suggest that behavioural welfare indices complemented with individual variations can explain inter-individual differences in behavioural welfare measure outcomes of Asiatic lions. These findings also provide zoo managers with a non-invasive tool to reliably assess and improve husbandry practices for Asiatic lions. Understanding the unique welfare requirement of individuals in captivity will be crucial for the survival of the species.
Comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes for fiveDiclipteraspecies (Acanthaceae): molecular structure, phylogenetic relationships, and adaptive evolution
Authors: Huang Sunan , Ge Xuejun , Cano Asunción , Salazar Betty Gaby Millán , Deng Yunfei
Published: February 2020

The genusDicliptera(Justicieae, Acanthaceae) consists of approximately 150 species distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Newly obtained chloroplast genomes (cp genomes) are reported for five species ofDilciptera(D. acuminata,D. peruviana,D. montana,D. ruizianaandD. mucronata) in this study. These cp genomes have circular structures of 150,689–150,811 bp and exhibit quadripartite organizations made up of a large single copy region (LSC, 82,796–82,919 bp), a small single copy region (SSC, 17,084–17,092 bp), and a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs, 25,401–25,408 bp). Guanine-Cytosine (GC) content makes up 37.9%–38.0% of the total content. The complete cp genomes contain 114 unique genes, including 80 protein-coding genes, 30 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and four ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Comparative analyses of nucleotide variability (Pi) reveal the five most variable regions (trnY-GUA-trnE-UUC, trnG-GCC, psbZ-trnG-GCC, petN-psbM,andrps4-trnL-UUA), which may be used as molecular markers in future taxonomic identification and phylogenetic analyses ofDicliptera. A total of 55-58 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 229 long repeats were identified in the cp genomes of the fiveDiclipteraspecies. Phylogenetic analysis identified a close relationship betweenD. ruizianaandD. montana, followed byD. acuminata,D. peruviana, andD. mucronata. Evolutionary analysis of orthologous protein-coding genes within the family Acanthaceae revealed only one gene,ycf15,to be under positive selection, which may contribute to future studies of its adaptive evolution. The completed genomes are useful for future research on species identification, phylogenetic relationships, and the adaptive evolution of theDiclipteraspecies.
Integrated analysis of the roles and prognostic value of RNA binding proteins in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Wei , Li Na , Gao Lina , You Chongge
Published: February 2020

Lung cancer is the top cause of carcinoma-associated deaths worldwide. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) dysregulation has been reported in various malignant tumors, and that dysregulation is closely associated with tumorigenesis and tumor progression. However, little is known about the roles of RBPs in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). In this study, we downloaded the RNA sequencing data of LUAD from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and determined the differently expressed RBPs between normal and cancer tissues. We then performed an integrative analysis to explore the expression and prognostic significance of these RBPs. A total of 164 differently expressed RBPs were identified, including 40 down-regulated and 124 up-regulated RBPs. Pathway and Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that the differently expressed RBPs were mainly related to RNA processing, RNA metabolic process, RNA degradation, RNA transport, splicing, localization, regulation of translation, RNA binding, TGF-beta signaling pathway, mRNA surveillance pathway, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. Survival analysis revealed that the high expression of BOP1 or GNL3 or WDR12 or DCAF13 or IGF2BP3 or IGF2BP1 were associated with poor overall survival (OS). Conversely, overexpression of KHDRBS2/SMAD predicted high OS in these patients. ROC curve analysis showed that the eight hub genes with a better diagnostic accuracy to distinguish lung adenocarcinoma. The results provided novel insights into the pathogenesis of LUAD and the development of treatment targets and prognostic molecular markers.