bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vanadium-aroylhydrazone Catalysed Oxidations
Authors: Sutradhar Manas , Arion Vladimir B. , Barman Tannistha Roy , Pombeiro Armando J. L.
Published: November 2020

Metal–ligand cooperation can be an important feature for a metal complex to act as a catalyst. Vanadium complexes in high oxidation sates (IV or V) in the presence of a suitable oxidant (such as, H2O2, tBuOOH or O2) can play a significant role in oxidation catalysis under mild conditions. Aroylhydrazone ligands can stabilise vanadium in high oxidation states and adopt different coordination modes. In some cases, they can exhibit redox non-innocent behaviour in the complexes. In this chapter, vanadium compounds based on such ligands and their role in various catalytic oxidation reactions (oxidation of alkanes and alcohols, epoxidations, oxidative brominations, etc.) are discussed. The effects of other parameters, e.g., catalyst amount, time and additive (as promoter) are also discussed. The proposed mechanisms in various oxidation processes are illustrated as well.
Vanadium-oxide Molecular Catalysts in Non-aqueous Solution
Authors: Hayashi Y. , Katayama M. , Ozutsumi K.
Published: November 2020

In this chapter, various vanadium-oxide clusters are exhibited and their spontaneous formation in solution is rationalized. Unlike organic chemistry that is governed by the formation of covalent bonds, inorganic-oxide molecules are dynamic species due to their flexible ionic bonds and have an exquisite beauty showing a spectrum of beautiful colours arising from various coordination modes and valence states. In a catalytic reaction using a vanadate source, vanadium-oxide clusters are often formed and transformed – it is also easy to restore the structure back to the original form. The relative easiness of the transformation in a different structure of blocks, tubes, bowls, cages, spheres and rings is key to understanding each catalytic process. The analogy between the graphite structure and the V2O5 stacked-2D-sheet structure explains the formation of tubes and spheres and is reminiscent of the discovery of nano-tubes and fullerenes in carbon chemistry. Vanadium chemistry enjoys an easiness of modification and incorporation of a guest molecule that it can feasibly control compared to the stubborn fullerene host–guest complex.
Supported Vanadium Catalysts: Heterogeneous Molecular Complexes, Electrocatalysis and Biomass Transformation
Authors: Freire Cristina , Pereira Clara , Jarrais Bruno , Fernandes Diana , Peixoto Andreia , Cordeiro Natália , Teixeira Filipe
Published: November 2020

Oxidovanadium complexes are an important class of homogeneous catalysts with paramount importance for the synthesis of valuable fine and bulk chemicals and chemical intermediates. However, their low chemical–thermal stability and difficult separation from the reaction medium hamper their implementation in industrial processes. In this sense, the quest for recyclable and eco-sustainable supported vanadium-based catalytic systems has been a longstanding goal. The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of the widespread potential of supported vanadium complexes and other vanadium-containing solid-state compounds as eco-sustainable recyclable catalysts on several important reactions for the production of high value-added products. The progress on the development of efficient and reusable oxidovanadium catalysts immobilized onto different types of bulk and nano supports, or integrated on organic framework structures, will be reviewed. Special emphasis will be given to literature reports in which the catalytic performance of the vanadium-based heterogeneous systems surpasses that of the corresponding homogeneous counterparts. The application of vanadium-based materials as electrocatalysts for reduction–oxidation reactions relevant for renewable energy storage and conversion technologies will be also described. Subsequently, vanadium-mediated catalytic reactions for biomass valorization will be addressed. Finally, some insights on the latest theoretical findings on supported vanadium catalysts will be provided.
Theoretical Mechanistic Analysis on Vanadium Oxidation Catalysis
Authors: Kuznetsov M. L.
Published: November 2020

Vanadium compounds are broadly used as catalysts in a number of chemical processes including those with great industrial significance. Understanding of reaction mechanisms is crucial for optimisation of reaction conditions and tuning catalytic properties. Theoretical methods are a very powerful tool for the investigation of intimate mechanistic details of chemical reactions. In this chapter, mechanistic aspects of vanadium catalysed oxidation reactions – investigated with the help of theoretical methods – are discussed.
Vanadium-catalyzed Transformations of Selected Functional Groups
Authors: Moriuchi T. , Hirao T.
Published: November 2020

Catalytic oxidative bromination is performed by using a commercially available inexpensive vanadium catalyst in the presence of a bromide salt and a Brønsted acid or a Lewis acid under molecular oxygen. Similarly, the combination of Bu4NI and AlCl3 in the presence of a vanadium catalyst under molecular oxygen induces the catalytic chlorination reaction. The vanadium-catalyzed oxidation system can be applied to the catalytic oxidative aromatization of 2-cyclohexenones to afford the corresponding phenol derivatives. The catalytic direct amination of allyl alcohols with both aromatic and aliphatic amines is achieved by utilizing an oxovanadium(v) catalyst. Furthermore, oxovanadium(v) compounds catalyze direct hydrazination of allyl alcohol and deoxygenative homocoupling reaction of alcohols depending on hydrazine derivatives.
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification technique: principle, development and wide application in food safety
Authors: Huang Tianzeng , Li Linzhi , Liu Xing , Chen Qi , Fang Xueen , Kong Jilie , Draz Mohamed S. , Cao Hongmei
Published: November 2020

LAMP is a relatively novel gene amplification method under isothermal conditions with rapidity, and high specificity. It is widely applied in the field of food safety, such as in the detection of foodborne pathogens, GM, OP pesticides and so on
Biomaterial-based approaches to engineering immune tolerance
Authors: Emerson Amy E. , Slaby Emily M. , Hiremath Shivani C. , Weaver Jessica D.
Published: November 2020

The development of biomaterial-based therapeutics to induce immune tolerance holds great promise for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, allergy, and graft rejection in transplantation.
Clean protocol for deoxygenation of epoxides to alkenes via catalytic hydrogenation using gold
Authors: Fiorio Jhonatan L. , Rossi Liane M.
Published: November 2020

Au NP catalyst combined with triethylphosphite, P(OEt)3, is remarkably more reactive than solely Au NPs for the selective deoxygenation of epoxides to alkenes.
First principles studies of mononuclear and dinuclear Pacman complexes for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2
Authors: Kour Gurpreet , Mao Xin , Du Aijun
Published: November 2020

An iron-containing Pacman complex exhibited high activity and selectivity for the reduction of CO2 to CH4.
One-dimensional DABCO hydrogen-bonding chain in a hexagonal channel of magnetic [Ni(dmit)2]
Authors: Li Simin , Takahashi Kiyonori , Hisaki Ichiro , Kokado Kenta , Nakamura Takayoshi
Published: November 2020

(HDABCO+)9(DABCO)[Ni(dmit)2]9·6CH3CN had a hexapetal flower-like pattern of [Ni(dmit)2]−. The [Ni(dmit)2]− hexamers formed trimer units and stacked one-dimensionally including DABCO-CH3CN chain at the centre more than 150 Å long per unit cell.
Hydrophilic co-assemblies of two hydrophobic biomolecules improving the bioavailability of silybin
Authors: He Jian , Chen Zhengxing , Gu Yao , Li Ya'nan , Wang Ren , Gao Yuan , Feng Wei , Wang Tao
Published: November 2020

Benefitting from the versatility and biocompatibility of food sourced materials, the construction of hybrid structures via their molecular interplay generates novel platforms with unexpected properties.
Effect of emulsifiers on linseed oil emulsion structure, lipolysis and oxidation during in vitro digestion
Authors: Lamothe Sophie , Jolibois Émilie , Britten Michel
Published: November 2020

The type of emulsifier determines the structural changes of emulsions, lipolysis and lipid oxidation during in vitro digestion.
Phenolic compounds: current industrial applications, limitations and future challenges
Authors: Albuquerque Bianca R. , Heleno Sandrina A. , Oliveira M. Beatriz P. P. , Barros Lillian , Ferreira Isabel C. F. R.
Published: November 2020

Phenolic compounds (PC) are secondary metabolites with interesting bioactivities that have been explored for industrial application. PC bioactivity depends on their chemical structure integrity, so, methods to increase PC stability have been developed.
A combination of receptor mediated transcytosis and photothermal effect promotes BBB permeability and the treatment of meningitis using itraconazole
Authors: Zhang Shan-Shan , Asghar Sajid , Ye Jun-Xiu , Lin Ling , Ping Qi-Neng , Chen Zhi-Peng , Shao Feng , Xiao Yan-Yu
Published: November 2020

Fungal infections of the central nervous system (CNS) may lead to life-threatening meningitis.
Tin(ii)-catalyzed dehydrative cross-coupling of 2H-chromene hemiacetals with ketones
Authors: Wang Dan-Yang , Li Hui-Jing , Huang Deng-Ming , Wu Yan-Chao
Published: November 2020

Without the derivatization of 2H-chromene hemiacetals to 2H-chromene acetals, the direct C–OH/C–H coupling reaction has been accomplished with water as the only by-product.
Azirine-containing dipeptides and depsipeptides: synthesis, transformations and antibacterial activity
Authors: Rostovskii Nikolai V. , Koronatov Alexander N. , Sakharov Pavel A. , Agafonova Anastasiya V. , Novikov Mikhail S. , Khlebnikov Alexander F. , Rogacheva Elizaveta V. , Kraeva Liudmila A.
Published: November 2020

The Passerini and Ugi reactions with 2H-azirine-2-carboxylic acids gave novel antibacterial active 2H-azirines containing the dipeptide or depsipeptide moiety, which can be transformed to fused aziridines.
Tales of the unexpected. The non-random statistical copolymerisation of myrcene and styrene in the presence of a polar modifier
Authors: Shaw Lloyd , Hutchings Lian R.
Published: November 2020

Terpene monomers such as myrcene are considered sustainable replacements for oil-based dienes in the production of sSBR. We present unexpected data for the anionic copolymerisation of myrcene and styrene in the presence of TMEDA, a polar modifier.
Dual-template approach to hierarchically porous polymer membranes
Authors: Southern Thomas J. F. , Evans Rachel C.
Published: November 2020

A dual-template approach is used to embed multilevel porosity into poly(ethersulfone) membranes prepared by non-solvent induced phase separation, leading to a 95% increase in permeability.
Study of enantioselective metolachlor adsorption by activated carbons
Authors: Gomis-Berenguer Alicia , Laidin Isabelle , Renoncial Sophie , Cagnon Benoît
Published: November 2020

Enantioselective adsorption of metolachlor. The adsorption ofS-enantiomer is favored in certain activated carbons.
Sustainable and rapid preparation of nanosized Fe/Ni-pentlandite particles by mechanochemistry
Authors: Tetzlaff David , Pellumbi Kevinjeorjios , Baier Daniel M. , Hoof Lucas , Shastry Barkur Harikumar , Smialkowski Mathias , Amin Hatem M. A. , Grätz Sven , Siegmund Daniel , Borchardt Lars , Apfel Ulf-Peter
Published: November 2020

A sustainable and rapid mechanochemical method for the preparation of bimetallic nanosized pentlandite particles as cathode material is developed and tested within zero-gap PEM cells.
Liquid metal-created macroporous composite hydrogels with self-healing ability and multiple sensations as artificial flexible sensors
Authors: Zhang Zhixing , Tang Lin , Chen Can , Yu Huitao , Bai Huihui , Wang Ling , Qin Mengmeng , Feng Yiyu , Feng Wei
Published: November 2020

Liquid metal-created hydrogels show obvious macropores and self-healing properties and have great potential in the field of flexible sensors.
Nanopatterned sapphire substrate to enhance the efficiency of AlGaN-based UVC light source tube with CNT electron-beam
Authors: Shim Sang Kyun , Tawfik Wael Z. , Kumar C. M. Manoj , Liu Shangfeng , Wang Xinqiang , Lee Naesung , Lee June Key
Published: November 2020

The short wavelength of far ultraviolet C (UVC) light sources is effective for various applications that include sterilizing bacteria and viruses, water purification, and sensing.
Amorphous colloidal photonic crystals assembled by mesoporous silica particles for thin layer chromatography with high separation efficiency and colorimetric recognition
Authors: Zhang Xin , Ran Yumei , Fu Qianqian , Ge Jianping
Published: November 2020

A mesoporous SiO2 amorphous photonic crystal film was used to develop new thin-layer chromatography with high separation efficiency and simplified recognition.
Brain MRI‐based Wilson disease tissue classification: an optimised deep transfer learning approach
Authors: Saba L. , Agarwal M. , Sanagala S.S. , Gupta S.K. , Sinha G.R. , Johri A.M. , Khanna N.N. , Mavrogeni S. , Laird J.R. , Pareek G. , Miner M. , Sfikakis P.P. , Protogerou A. , Viswanathan V. , Kitas G.D. , Suri J.S.
Published: November 2020

Wilson's disease (WD) is caused by the excessive accumulation of copper in the brain and liver, leading to death if not diagnosed early. WD shows its prevalence as white matter hyperintensity (WMH) in MRI scans. It is challenging and tedious to classify WD against controls when comparing visually, primarily due to subtle differences in WMH. This Letter presents a computer‐aided design‐based automated classification strategy that uses optimised transfer learning (TL) utilising two novel paradigms known as (i) MobileNet and (ii) the Visual Geometric Group‐19 (VGG‐19). Further, the authors benchmark TL systems against a machine learning (ML) paradigm. Using four‐fold augmentation, VGG‐19 is superior to MobileNet demonstrating accuracy and area under the curve (AUC) pairs as 95.46 ± 7.70 %, 0.932 (p < 0.0001 ) and 86.87 ± 2.23 %, 0.871 (p < 0.0001 ), respectively. Further, MobileNet and VGG‐19 showed an improvement of 3.4 and 13.5%, respectively, when benchmarked against the ML‐based soft classifier – Random Forest.
High‐performance user plane function (UPF) for the next generation core networks
Authors: Chen Whai‐En , Liu Chia Hung
Published: November 2020

Comparing with previous mobile communications, the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication provides three different types of services including enhanced mobile broadband, massive machine type communications, and ultra‐reliable and low latency communications. To fulfil various requirements of these services, 5G defines new technologies and architectures such as the next‐generation core network (NGC) and the new radio of the access network (5G‐AN). The user plane function (UPF), which is an essential component in 5G NGC, connects 5G‐AN and packet data networks (e.g. internet). Typically, the UPF provides the tunnelling, internet protocol/port translation, and forwarding functions. To provide flexibility and scalability deployment for 5G NGC, this study virtualises the UPF by using the Docker container. However, the virtualisation architecture degrades the performance of the UPF, and the performance of the UPF dominates the performance (e.g. throughput) of the 5G user‐plane transmission. To provide high‐performance packet processing, this study utilises Intel Data Plane Development Kit to develop the UPF, reduces the number of memory copy on header processing, and investigates the CPU core allocation methods for the UPF deployment. Based on the results of this study, the proposed UPF can provide the UPF functions and process the packets up to 40 Gbps on a x86‐based platform.
ACO–IBR: a modified intersection‐based routing approach for the VANET
Authors: Yelure Bhushan , Sonavane Shefali
Published: November 2020

The usage of dedicated short‐range communication, vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) significantly increases the security of stakeholders and improves the efficacy of the intelligent transportation system. It supports multifarious applications to make transportation convenient through routing of the messages. Changing the topological scenario, high acceleration of vehicles and intermittent communication result in the reduction of successful packet transmission and overhead. To overcome such constraints, a new routing protocol for the city environment named ant colony optimisation and intersection‐based routing (ACO–IBR) is proposed. The key objective is to identify the necessity of intersection oriented routing and selection of the route as a task of optimisation. It uses a new metric called intersection rating and a greedy approach to forward a packet through the intersection to minimise the time required to discover the route. The efforts have been made to calculate intersection rating using three parameters such as the distance between vehicles, travel direction and the time taken to reach the intersection. The performance of ACO–IBR is determined by overhead, packet delivery ratio, delay and throughput. The results are compared with the standard protocols such as greedy perimeter stateless routing, intersection‐based routing, AntHocNet and zone routing protocol. On the basis of extensive simulation, experimental results show that the ACO–IBR minimises routing overhead and improves the packet delivery ratio.
Multi‐objective design of energy harvesting enabled wireless networks based on evolutionary genetic optimisation
Authors: Mehta Ridhima
Published: November 2020

Sustainable operation of energy‐restrained wireless network services requires multiple objectives to be satisfied synchronously. Among these objectives, reduced spectrum outage, energy conservation, and minimal packet transmission failures considerably affect the energy harvesting operation of these networks. These three objectives are associated with disparate protocol layers incorporating the transport, medium access control, and physical layers of traditional networking architecture. The authors investigate energy harvesting wireless communications by formulating the multi‐objective optimisation problem comprising these global networking criteria, which are simultaneously optimised with the heuristic design procedure. For this, they employ a Pareto‐based evolutionary genetic algorithm technique built in the wireless network design and operation to find the optimal set of all non‐dominated solutions traversing the entire design search space. Besides, iterative implementation of the presented genetic optimisation model with distinct feasible integrations of crossover and mutation operations is performed to evaluate the proficiency of the proposed scheme for evaluating the Pareto‐optimal frontier set. The influence of different combinations of these operations is examined and adaptively applied with appropriate genetic parameters tuning for efficient meta‐heuristic search through the candidate solution space. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid genetic mechanism outperforms the existing methods in terms of throughput, energy efficiency, and loss rate.
Velocity-intensity asymmetry reversal of solar radial p-modes
Authors: Philidet J. , Belkacem K. , Ludwig H.-G. , Samadi R. , Barban C.
Published: November 2020

The development of space-borne missions has significantly improved the quality of the measured spectra of solar-like oscillators. Their p-mode line profiles can now be resolved, and the asymmetries inferred for a variety of stars other than the Sun. However, it has been known for a long time that the asymmetries of solar p-modes are reversed between the velocity and the intensity spectra. Understanding the origin of this reversal is necessary in order to use asymmetries as a tool for seismic diagnosis. For stars other than the Sun, only the intensity power spectrum is sufficiently resolved to allow for an estimation of mode asymmetries. We recently developed an approach designed to model and predict these asymmetries in the velocity power spectrum of the Sun and to successfully compare them to their observationally derived counterpart. In this paper we expand our model and predict the asymmetries featured in the intensity power spectrum. We find that the shape of the mode line profiles in intensity is largely dependent on how the oscillation-induced variations of the radiative flux are treated, and that modelling it realistically is crucial to understanding asymmetry reversal. Perturbing a solar-calibrated grey atmosphere model, and adopting the quasi-adiabatic framework as a first step, we reproduce the asymmetries observed in the solar intensity spectrum for low-frequency modes. We conclude that, unlike previously thought, it is not necessary to invoke an additional mechanism (e.g. non-adiabatic effects, coherent non-resonant background signal) to explain asymmetry reversal. This additional mechanism is necessary, however, to explain asymmetry reversal for higher-order modes.
Unveiling the rarest morphologies of the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey radio source population with self-organised maps
Authors: Mostert Rafaël I. J. , Duncan Kenneth J. , Röttgering Huub J. A. , Polsterer Kai L. , Best Philip N. , Brienza Marisa , Brüggen Marcus , Hardcastle Martin J. , Jurlin Nika , Mingo Beatriz , Morganti Raffaella , Shimwell Tim , Smith Dan , Williams Wendy L.
Published: November 2020

Context. The Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) is a low-frequency radio continuum survey of the Northern sky at an unparalleled resolution and sensitivity.

Aims. In order to fully exploit this huge dataset and those produced by the Square Kilometre Array in the next decade, automated methods in machine learning and data-mining will be increasingly essential both for morphological classifications and for identifying optical counterparts to the radio sources.

Methods. Using self-organising maps (SOMs), a form of unsupervised machine learning, we created a dimensionality reduction of the radio morphologies for the ∼25k extended radio continuum sources in the LoTSS first data release, which is only ∼2 percent of the final LoTSS survey. We made use of PINK, a code which extends the SOM algorithm with rotation and flipping invariance, increasing its suitability and effectiveness for training on astronomical sources.

Results. After training, the SOMs can be used for a wide range of science exploitation and we present an illustration of their potential by finding an arbitrary number of morphologically rare sources in our training data (424 square degrees) and subsequently in an area of the sky (∼5300 square degrees) outside the training data. Objects found in this way span a wide range of morphological and physical categories: extended jets of radio active galactic nuclei, diffuse cluster haloes and relics, and nearby spiral galaxies. Finally, to enable accessible, interactive, and intuitive data exploration, we showcase the LOFAR-PyBDSF Visualisation Tool, which allows users to explore the LoTSS dataset through the trained SOMs.
LOC program for line radiative transfer
Authors: Juvela Mika
Published: November 2020

Context. Radiative transfer (RT) modelling is part of many astrophysical simulations. It is used to make synthetic observations and to assist the analysis of observations. We concentrate on modelling the radio lines emitted by the interstellar medium. In connection with high-resolution models, this can be a significant computationally challenge.

Aims. Our aim is to provide a line RT program that makes good use of multi-core central processing units (CPUs) and graphics processing units (GPUs). Parallelisation is essential to speed up computations and to enable large modelling tasks with personal computers.

Methods. The program LOC is based on ray-tracing (i.e. not Monte Carlo) and uses standard accelerated lambda iteration methods for faster convergence. The program works on 1D and 3D grids. The 1D version makes use of symmetries to speed up the RT calculations. The 3D version works with octree grids, and to enable calculations with large models, is optimised for low memory usage.

Results. Tests show that LOC results agree with other RT codes to within ∼2%. This is typical of code-to-code differences, which are often related to different interpretations of the model set-up. LOC run times compare favourably especially with those of Monte Carlo codes. In 1D tests, LOC runs were faster by up to a factor ∼20 on a GPU than on a single CPU core. In spite of the complex path calculations, a speed-up of up to ∼10 was also observed for 3D models using octree discretisation. GPUs enable calculations of models with hundreds of millions of cells, as are encountered in the context of large-scale simulations of interstellar clouds.

Conclusions. LOC shows good performance and accuracy and is able to handle many RT modelling tasks on personal computers. It is written in Python, with only the computing-intensive parts implemented as compiled OpenCL kernels. It can therefore also a serve as a platform for further experimentation with alternative RT implementation details.
Pathogenic properties of enterobacteria isolated from calves in the Far Eastern Federal District
Authors: Shulga Nikolay , Trush Natalia , Bugaeva Lyudmila , Sayapina Irina
Published: November 2020

Methods of modern control of infectious animal diseases have led to a change in the etiological structure of infectious agents. Irrational use of antibiotic therapy may be the cause of bacterial variability and involvement in the infectious process of opportunistic bacteria that are present in the normal microflora of the animal body. Opportunistic bacteria are the cause of many animal diseases. Infections caused by them have a prolonged character, the pathogenetic basis of which is the persistence of the pathogen in the host body. Bacterial exotoxins damage the plasma membrane of cells. Pore-forming toxins and enzymes disrupt the selective entry and exit of ions through the plasma membrane. This group of toxins includes cytolysins, hemolysins of gram-negative opportunistic enterobacteria, leukotoxins, metalloproteases, and lipases. When pores are formed under the action of hemolysin, secondary processes are triggered that cause the development of pathological consequences. The vaccines and serums produced by biofactories lag behind the practical needs in terms of antigenicity and do not provide protection for newborn calves in the system of anti-epizootic measures. Of particular importance in the etiopathogenesis of acute intestinal disorders is a decrease in colonization resistance of the gastrointestinal mucosa, resulting in an expansion of the spectrum of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms that lead to the development of diarrhea.
Some etiopathogenetic features of dogs’ breast tumors
Authors: Krasnoslobodtsev Nikolay , Shapiro Evgeny , Alymova Tatyana , Kuharenko Natalya
Published: November 2020

The article presents data on the epidemiological features of breast cancer in dogs, namely: the frequency of oncological pathologies in dogs in 2017-2019, the structure of oncological diseases, studied the age-sex characteristics of breast tumors, the frequency of certain risk factors leading to the development of breast neoplasms in dogs. From this study, it was found that neoplasms occurred in 4.8% of the dogs admitted to the clinic. In dogs, a mammary gland tumor was recorded in 153 individuals оf which, 150 females and 3 males. Breast tumors ranked first in localization (28% of all tumors), and skin tumors ranked second (8.5% of all tumors). In females, the first place is a breast tumor (45%), in males - skin tumors (13%). In most animals, the size of a breast tumor at its primary detection corresponded to the T2-T4 stage according to the TNM classification, and in some cases T4a-d. Out of 150 females with breast tumors, only 40 were castrated. This justifies the need for the formation of approaches to early diagnosis of breast tumors in domestic dogs, as well as to the study and prevention of risk factors.
Software for analyzing the behavioural test “Morris Water Maze”
Authors: Zorin Arseny , Chernyuk Daria , Vlasova Olga , Bolsunovskaya Marina , Bezprozvanny Ilya
Published: November 2020

The Morris Water Maze Behavioural Test is a universal method for testing cognitive functions in experimental rodents, and it is especially effective in detecting deviations in memory functions and learning, which makes it indispensable in the study of neurodegenerative diseases, effect of therapeutic drugs, rodent stroke and aging models etc. However, despite the wide range of possible applications, data analysis makes the use of this test difficult. Currently, automated tracking and analysis programs of rodent moving are becoming to be popular. Thus, our goal was to develop and create an available quality product, which will allow the scientist to carry out research as efficiently as possible doing various options of the “Morris water maze” using latest modern parameters. In this article, we analyze different types of the Morris water maze methodology and the current scientific parameters of this test to understand the necessary and optimal capabilities of the future program, then to overcome the limitations of the systems currently available we have combined detection and tracking techniques into one standalone tool. The result of the work is a software product that allows to quickly and accurately detect the trajectory of animal moving in the water, and also provides parameters for evaluating the cognitive functions of memory and learning.
Comparison on the Biochemical Characteristics between Alfalfa Sterile Line and Maintainer Line
Authors: Dong YAN , Xiaobo XU , Qiang GUO , Bo XU
Published: November 2020

To study on the morphological character of cytology and physiological and biochemical mechanism of alfalfa cytoplasmic male sterile line, this paper took sterile line MS-GN1A and maintainer line MS-GN1B as raw material, separately conducted microscopic observation to anther in different development stage and determined the content of soluble sugar, starch, soluble protein, free proline and malondialdehyde, and the activity of antioxidant enzyme (catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase). The results showed that: 1. Compared with maintainer line, the pollen grain of alfalfa cytoplasmic male sterile line presented shriveled appearance, smaller size with deletion and few; during the tetrad period of pollen, tapetum cell abnormally grew; callose and epidermis didn’t disintegrate and couldn’t release pollen grain; pollen abortion of alfalfa cytoplasmic sterile line was related to the abnormal development of connective vascular bundle. 2. With the growth and development of bud and the development and maturity of pollen, the content of soluble sugar, starch, soluble protein, and free proline showed deficient phenomenon in each development period of bud of sterile line MS-GN1A; as peroxidation index of membranous substance, the activity of malondialdehyde and antioxidant enzyme was higher than it of homotype maintainer line MS-GN1B.
Production of strawberry remontant in the conditions of the Krasnodar Territory
Authors: Shchetinina Arina , Potashova Irina , Shchetinina Elena
Published: November 2020

This article presents innovative methods of growing agricultural products, namely, elite remontant strawberries of the Elizabeth II variety in the conditions of greenhouse vertical cultivation using vermicompost organic fertilizer. The practical significance of the study consists in the development of measures, the implementation of which will solve the problems of agriculture resource-saving production, taking into account and adapted to the environmental relations. As part of the study, the authors proposed intensive cultivation of strawberry crops for the full calendar year, which increases the agricultural production efficiency. The authors proposed the economic and legal aspects of the intensification of agriculture in land use small areas. The analysis of the profitability of the enterprise using the methods described in the study.
Forest resources of the Far East, their use and reproduction
Authors: Komin Andrey , Komin Pavel , Usov Vladimir , Gridnev Alexander
Published: November 2020

The paper provides an assessment of the state of forest resources in the Far Eastern Federal District and identifies the main factors affecting the qualitative state of forests. The reasons contributing to the increase in the area of forest fires are analyzed. One of the reasons contributing to the degradation of forest areas is also indicated - the accepted allowable cut, which does not always correspond to reality due to the use of outdated forest husbandry materials and its untimely implementation. Considering the issues of forest reproduction, an integrated approach is proposed for carrying out reforestation activities, including both the creation of forest plantations and the implementation of measures aimed at observing the technology of logging operations and preserving undergrowth. This will reduce the cost of reforestation work, as well as reduce the time required for the transfer of forest crops to a forested area. One of the conclusions is a change in the fundamental approaches to forest management in this area, taking into account the observance of environmental, economic and social requirements for forest management.
Efficient use of Dimilin insecticide in forestry of the region
Authors: Zhichkina Lyudmila , Nosov Vladimir , Zhichkin Kirill , Nayanov Aleksandr , Vertiy Natalya , Eroshenko Arina
Published: November 2020

Insects have a strong influence on the state of forests. Damage by pests often results in negative changes in the forest ecosystem. The benzoylphenylurea insecticide Dimilin is widely used in agriculture and forestry to control pests. The purpose of the study is to estimate possible forest damage from Acantholyda posticalis and to analyze the effectiveness of the Dimilin insecticide. The paper provides the following description of possible damage from Acantholyda posticalis: with the extent of damage to crowns of 74%, the blight of pines will be 9%; with the predicted crown damage from tree browsers the potential loss of pine tree recruitment will be 93%; shrinkage of forest stands by 0.09% will result in the loss of water protection properties of forests amounting to 5.33 thousand EUR; the loss of water regulation functions will amount to 2.13 million EUR.
(De)Forestation in Vietnam: A Political Ecology Perspective
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thuy Hang , Singh Rajeshwar
Published: November 2020

In 1995, the forest coverage area in Vietnam was 27.2%, but by 2019, it reached to 41.89%. The Government claims that the fast-growing forest coverage is highly contributing to GDP. However, recent studies reveal that the economic growth rate of ethnic minorities in the forest area is very slow. Some studies have been conducted on the Government’s efforts to reforest over the years. However, very few studies have carried on (de)forestation in Vietnam from the perspective of political ecology. The present article co-relates (de)forestation in Vietnam with ecosystems, socio-economic status, and politics. The paper presents the study in four broad sections. The first segment explores the current situation of forests in Vietnam. In the second part, the paper discusses the impacts of (de)forestation on the ecosystem. Thirdly, the article analyses impact of (de)forestation on the socio-economic development of Vietnamese citizens. Finally, the paper discusses the conclusions approaching from the perspective of the Government and citizens, before turning to the end, it proposes some policy-recommendations for public and private stakeholders to promote and protect the forestry sector in Vietnam.
Biological remediation of roadside areas
Authors: Grebenshchikova Elena , Shelkovkina Natalia , Gorbacheva Natalia
Published: November 2020

During the construction of highways, significant damage is caused to the environment: the soil cover is degraded, vegetation cover and the natural landscape are destroyed. The issue of minimizing the negative impact of this direction on the environment was not given enough attention. Therefore, one of the main issues of environmental protection is the timely implementation of works on reclamation of disturbed lands. Land areas of temporary allotment for road construction that are subjected to mechanical impact after the stage of technical reclamation are subject to biological reclamation, which is aimed at landscaping the roadside area. To achieve these goals, we used the method of developing measures for the reclamation of disturbed land during the construction of the highway. Activities on biological remediation can be performed as a result of: the serial complexity of the species composition of plant communities, which has long co-exist with man-made recultivated territories; the launch of the rehabilitation process which can be carried out simultaneously in a multispecies complex of phytocenosis, suggesting further its sustainable functioning. As a result of biological reclamation measures, using crops that are resistant to pollutants and meliorants, it is possible to gradually reduce the content of pollutants in the soil due to natural self-cleaning processes as a result of removal of elements by plants and their leaching outside the root layer of the soil.
Economics of ecological and biological development and labor market of agro-industrial complex
Authors: Smirnov Vladimir , Danilina Marina , Omelchenko Irina , Botasheva Ludmila
Published: November 2020

The agro-industrial complex faces lots of challenges which brake its efficient economic, ecological and biological development and labor market functioning. Applying statistical analysis of the current indicators we estimate the influence of the negative factors and propose the possible solution. Despite its huge potential, the Russian agro-industrial complex is currently in a state of deep systemic crisis. The development of the agro-industrial complex is directly related to the quality of life of the rural population and the situation in the labor market. The possible solution is to develop engineering, social and transport infrastructure and improve the situation in the labor market in the rural areas. It is the state regulation and support of the agro-industrial complex that is currently the fundamental point of solving existing problems. To maintain efficiency in the agricultural sector, state regulation and support are not just necessary, but unavoidable. For effective operation and systematic development of the agro-industrial complex, it is necessary to form a program of state support for the sector in order to attract investment and innovation.
Environmental Aspects of the Housing Renovation Program in Moscow under Sharing and Circular Economy Conditions
Authors: Schmeleva Anna , Bezdelov Sergey
Published: November 2020

Since 2017, a housing renovation program has been implemented in Moscow, which is a unique program aimed at settling and demolishing shabby low-rise housing stock and new construction on the vacated territory. The renovation program raises a fundamental issue of construction waste disposal. Many current technologies of building mass demolition imply dusting of adjacent territories, have low efficiency in transporting construction waste generated in this process and lead to environmental problems resulting from its disposal, so the rational use of construction waste becomes one of the environmental protection's main points. In this research, we address the question: how the principle "Green Digital Technologies," reflected in the Moscow development concept "Smart City," which is a part of the housing renovation program in Moscow, is currently implemented. Three implementation ways of this principle have been revealed: contraction of "smart houses" under the renovation program according to smart 1.0 standard; use of BIM-technologies in the program; use of "smart demolition" technology. It is proposed to consider the process of recycling construction waste after demolishing old houses under the renovation program according to the principles of sharing and circular economy to increase the program's environmental friendliness and reduce environmental risks for the Moscow population.
Formation of intermetallic phases during solidification in Al-Mg-Mn 5xxx alloys with various Mg levels
Authors: Algendy Ahmed Y. , Liu Kun , Chen X.-Grant
Published: November 2020

In the present study, four Al-Mg-Mn 5xxx alloys with different Mg levels (2-5 wt.%) were investigated for better understanding the evolution of intermetallic phases formed during solidification. Optical and scanning electron microscopes, electron backscattered diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analyses in combination with thermodynamic calculation were used to identify various intermetallic phases. Results showed that the most dominant intermetallic phases are Al6(Mn,Fe), α-Al(Fe,Mn)Si, Al3Fe, Alm(Mn,Fe) and Mg2Si in experimental Al-Mg-Mn alloys, which is greatly dependant on the Mg levels. It is found that Chinese script α-Al(Fe,Mn)Si is the dominant iron-rich intermetallic phase for the alloys containing 2-3 wt.% Mg, while blocky Al6(Mn,Fe) and needle-like Al3(Mn,Fe) become the major phases for the alloy containing 4 wt.% Mg. Further increasing Mg content to 5 wt. %, the dominant phase transfers to blocky Al6(Mn,Fe) intermetallic. Meanwhile, the morphology of primary Mg2Si is changed from well-branched to plate-like with increasing Mg contents. In addition, β-Al3Mg2 and τ-Al6CuMg4 eutectic phases have been observed in the alloys with 3-5 wt. % Mg. A comparison on various intermetallic phases from the Scheil simulation and the actual as-cast microstructure is provided.
Evolution of microstructure and elevated-temperature properties during hot rolling and post-rolling annealing process in Al-Mg-Si 6082 alloys
Authors: Liu K. , Li C. , Chen X.-G.
Published: November 2020

In the present work, the hot rolling at 400°C and post-rolling annealing at 500°C were applied on heat-treated Al-Mg-Si 6082 alloys with different Mn contents to study the evolution of microstructure and elevated-temperature properties. During the pre-heat treatment before rolling (400°C/2h), a number of fine rod-like dispersoids formed in Mn-containing alloy while only high volume of larger Mg2Si particles was observed in the matrix of base alloy free of Mn. After hot rolling, the morphology of dispersoids was transferred from rod-like to spherical with finer size and increased number density while the dispersoids gradually coarsened during post-rolling annealing in Mn-containing alloy. The full recrystallization was completed after 1-2 h during annealing in the base alloy, while only partial recrystallization was observed in Mn-containing alloy. The micro-hardness at room temperature and the tensile yield strength at 300°C firstly increased from as-rolled condition to the initial stage of annealing (1 h) for both alloys, which was likely attributed to the dissolution of Mg2Si during the beginning of annealing. With further increasing annealing time (2-8 h), both the microhardness at room temperature and the elevated-temperature strengths of the base alloy remained similar, while they were slightly decreased in Mn-containing alloy owing to the partially recrystallization and coarsening of dispersoids. However, the elevated-temperature strengths were always higher in Mn-containing alloy than the base alloy while their differences between two alloys was reducing with prolonging the post-rolling annealing time. The tensile fracture surface was observed to be ductile for all the conditions of both alloys but the dimples in Mn-containing alloy were finer and much more uniformly distributed.
Formation Mechanism of Strip Defects in Anodizing AA5252 Aluminium Alloy Sheets
Authors: Gao Chong , Jiang Zhongyu , Liu Zhenshan , Zhao Pizhi , Huang Ruiyin , Wu Yongfu , Yu Kangcai
Published: November 2020

Processed by sulfuric acid anodizing, several unexpected strip defects exhibited on the anodizing film of AA5252 aluminium alloy sheets. Their formation mechanism was studied in detail. The normal zone and strip zone were compared, with respect to surface brightness, porosity of anodizing film, and microstructures of the corresponding aluminium substrate tested by spectroscopic colorimeter and SEM, and SEM-EBSD. Results showed that the brightness of strip zone was lower than that of normal zone. Additionally, compared with normal zone, the porosity of anodizing film was higher, and cubic grains fewer, which located in the corresponding surface layer of aluminium substrate in strip zone. In order to further clarify the effect of grain orientation on the brightness of anodizing film, single crystal aluminium sheet with (100), (110) or (111) orientation was anodized. Results showed that the anodized (100) oriented specimen, i.e., cubic grain was brighter, whose anodizing film had lower porosity, compared with (110) and (111) oriented ones. Therefore, the formation mechanism of strip defects was proposed as uneven distribution of cubic grains. The zones with fewer cubic orientated grains were darker, and were visible as strip defects after anodizing.
Effect of pre-aging deformation on the intergranular corrosion resistance of 6000 series aluminium alloys
Authors: Lunder Otto , Grønvold Julie , Marioara Calin Daniel , Wenner Sigurd , Furu Trond
Published: November 2020

Aluminium alloys in the 6000 series may become susceptible to intergranular corrosion (IGC) by unfavourable thermomechanical processing in combination with presence of Cu and a low Mg/Si ratio. The IGC susceptibility has been related to the segregation of Cu during artificial ageing to form a nearly continuous Cu film along the grain boundaries with an anodic solute depleted zone adjacent to it. In this work, extruded alloys 6005 and C28 as well as two variants of 6016 automotive sheet were subjected to various degrees of deformation by rolling or stretching before artificial aging. Accelerated IGC testing showed that pre-deformation significantly improved the IGC resistance of the Cu containing extruded alloys, while no improvement was observed for the 6016 sheet materials containing < 0.01 wt% Cu. High resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) of pre-deformed 6005 alloy showed precipitation of Cu-containing Q' phase on dislocations. As a result, the amount of Cu available for diffusion to the grain boundaries is reduced, which might explain why a beneficial effect of pre-deformation on the IGC resistance was observed only for the Cu-containing materials.
Modelling Hydrogen Embrittlement using Density Functional Theory: A theoretical approach to understanding environmentally assisted cracking in 7xxx series aluminium alloys
Authors: Wilson Benjamin T. , Robson Joseph D. , Race Christopher P.
Published: November 2020

The effects of H segregation to a Σ11 symmetric tilt Al grain boundary are investigated using atomistic simulations, as part of a wider study on cracking in 7xxx series alloys. Density functional theory based simulations of uniaxial straining of grain boundaries containing 11 different concentrations of H were performed under the cohesive zone fracture mechanics framework. The theoretical strength of grain boundaries is shown to be supressed by H segregation, and the cause of this is attributed to the prevention of the formation of Al ligaments across grain boundaries. Segregated concentrations of relevant alloying elements (Zn, Mg, and Cu) show minimal impact on the H embrittlement process investigated, namely H enhanced decohesion (HEDE). Further modelling, of H transport and grain boundary precipitates, is required to confirm the validity of the HEDE mechanism in the case of 7xxx alloys.