bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of Regnase-1 expression with stem loop–targeting antisense oligonucleotides alleviates inflammatory diseases
Authors: Tse Ka Man , Vandenbon Alexis , Cui Xiaotong , Mino Takashi , Uehata Takuya , Yasuda Keiko , Sato Ayuko , Tsujimura Tohru , Hia Fabian , Yoshinaga Masanori , Kinoshita Makoto , Okuno Tatsusada , Takeuchi Osamu
Published: May 2022

Regnase-1 is an ribonuclease that plays essential roles in restricting inflammation through degrading messenger RNAs (mRNAs) involved in immune reactions via the recognition of stem-loop (SL) structures in the 3′ untranslated regions (3′UTRs). Dysregulated expression of Regnase-1 is associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases in mice and humans. Here, we developed a therapeutic strategy to suppress inflammatory responses by blocking Regnase-1 self-regulation, which was mediated by the simultaneous use of two antisense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs) to alter the binding of Regnase-1 toward the SL structures in its 3′UTR. Regnase-1–targeting MOs not only enhanced Regnase-1 expression by stabilizing mRNAs but also effectively reduced the expression of multiple proinflammatory transcripts that were controlled by Regnase-1 in macrophages. Intratracheal administration of Regnase-1–targeting MOs ameliorated acute respiratory distress syndrome and chronic fibrosis through suppression of inflammatory cascades. In addition, intracranial treatment with Regnase-1–targeting MOs attenuated the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by promoting the expansion of homeostatic microglia and regulatory T cell populations. Regnase-1 expression was inversely correlated with disease severity in patients with multiple sclerosis, and MOs targeting human
Regnase-1
SL structures were effective in mitigating cytokine production in human immune cells. Collectively, MO-mediated disruption of the Regnase-1 self-regulation pathway is a potential therapeutic strategy to enhance Regnase-1 abundance, which, in turn, provides therapeutic benefits for treating inflammatory diseases by suppressing inflammation.
Localized Production of Cell Wall Precursors May Be Critical for Regulating the Mycobacterial Cell Wall
Authors: Boutte Cara C.
Published: May 2022

The paper “Cell wall damage reveals spatial flexibility in peptidoglycan synthesis and a nonredundant role for RodA in mycobacteria” by Melzer et al. (E. S. Melzer, T. Kado, A. Garcia-Heredia, K. R. Gupta, et al., J Bacteriol 204:e00540-21, 2022,
https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.00540-21
)
Cell Wall Damage Reveals Spatial Flexibility in Peptidoglycan Synthesis and a Nonredundant Role for RodA in Mycobacteria
Authors: Melzer Emily S. , Kado Takehiro , García-Heredia Alam , Gupta Kuldeepkumar Ramnaresh , Meniche Xavier , Morita Yasu S. , Sassetti Christopher M. , Rego E. Hesper , Siegrist M. Sloan
Published: May 2022

Peptidoglycan synthesis is a highly successful target for antibiotics. The pathway has been extensively studied in model organisms under laboratory-optimized conditions.
Apex Predator Nematodes and Meso-Predator Bacteria Consume Their Basal Insect Prey through Discrete Stages of Chemical Transformations
Authors: Mucci Nicholas C. , Jones Katarina A. , Cao Mengyi , Wyatt Michael R. , Foye Shane , Kauffman Sarah J. , Richards Gregory R. , Taufer Michela , Chikaraishi Yoshito , Steffan Shawn A. , Campagna Shawn R. , Goodrich-Blair Heidi
Published: May 2022

The processes by which organic life is consumed and reborn in a complex ecosystem were investigated through a multiomics approach applied to the tripartite
Xenorhabdus
bacterium-
Steinernema
nematode-
Galleria
insect symbiosis. Trophic analyses demonstrate the primary consumers of the insect are the bacteria, and the nematode in turn consumes the bacteria.
Outbreaks of Gastroenteritis Due to Norovirus in Schools and Summer Camps in Catalonia, 2017–2019
Authors: Parrón Ignacio , Barrabeig Irene , Soldevila Núria , Bartolomé Rosa , Guix Susana , Rius Cristina , Cornejo-Sánchez Thais , Izquierdo Conchita , Domínguez Àngela ,   Working Group for the Study of Outbreaks of Acute Gastroenteritis in Catalonia
Published: May 2022

Norovirus is the main cause of viral acute gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. The low infectious dose and the lack of long-term immunity in infected persons means that norovirus often causes outbreaks in institutions and closed and semiclosed centers.
Visualization of SpoVAEa Protein Dynamics in Dormant Spores of
Bacillus cereus
and Dynamic Changes in Their Germinosomes and SpoVAEa during Germination
Authors: Wang Yan , Vischer Norbert O. E. , Wekking Demi , Boggian Alessandra , Setlow Peter , Brul Stanley
Published: May 2022

Bacillus cereus
is commonly present in soil and infects humans via contaminated food. In this study, we used
B. cereus
spores to investigate the movement of the spore-specific inner membrane (IM) channel protein SpoVAEa, the interaction between SpoVAEa and the germinosome scaffold protein GerD, and the dynamics of germinosomes with GerR and GerD in spore germination.
Functional Analysis of Feedback Inhibition-Insensitive Variants of
N
-Acetyl Glutamate Kinase Found in Sake Yeast Mutants with Ornithine Overproduction
Authors: Ohashi Masataka , Isogai Shota , Takagi Hiroshi
Published: May 2022

Ornithine has a number of physiological benefits in humans. Thus, an Orn-rich alcoholic beverage is expected to relieve feelings of fatigue after drinking.
Laboratory Grown Biofilms of Bacteria Associated with Human Atherosclerotic Carotid Arteries Release Collagenases and Gelatinases during Iron-Induced Dispersion
Authors: Zdimal Amanda M. , Davies David G.
Published: May 2022

Atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries, is a leading cause of congestive heart failure, heart attack, and stroke in humans. Mounting evidence, in the literature and from our lab, points to the regular involvement of bacteria within arterial plaque deposits in patients with advanced atherosclerosis.
Evaluating the Potential and Synergetic Effects of Microcins against Multidrug-Resistant
Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Telhig Soufiane , Ben Said Laila , Torres Carmen , Rebuffat Sylvie , Zirah Séverine , Fliss Ismail
Published: May 2022

With their wide range of structures and mechanisms of action, microcins are shown to exert antibacterial activities against
Enterobacteriaceae
resistant to antibiotics together with synergies with antibiotics and in particular colistin.
Biallelic mutations inARMC12cause asthenozoospermia and multiple midpiece defects in humans and mice
Authors: Liu Wensheng , Wei Xiaoli , Liu Xiaoyan , Chen Gaowen , Zhang Xiaoya , Liang Xiaomei , Isachenko Vladimir , Sha Yanwei , Wang Yifeng
Published: May 2022

Background

Asthenozoospermia is a major factor contributing to male infertility. The mitochondrial sheath (MS), an important organelle in the midpiece of spermatozoa, is crucial to sperm motility. ARMC12 is a mitochondrial peripheral membrane protein. Deletion ofArmc12impairs the arrangement of MS and causes infertility in mice. However, the role ofARMC12in human asthenozoospermia remains unknown.

Objective

To study the genetic defects in patients with asthenozoospermia.

Methods

A total of 125 patients with asthenozoospermia and 120 men with proven fertility were recruited. Whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed for genetic analysis. Papanicolaou staining, HE staining, immunofluorescent staining, transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy were employed to observe the morphological and structural defects of the spermatozoa and testes.Armc12-knockout mice were generated using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection was used to treat the patients.

Results

BiallelicARMC12mutations were identified in three patients, including homozygous mutations in two siblings from a consanguineous family and compound heterozygous mutations in one sporadic patient. ARMC12 is mainly expressed in the midpiece of elongated and late spermatids in the human testis. The patients’ spermatozoa displayed multiple midpiece defects, including absent MS and central pair, scattered or forked axoneme and incomplete plasma membrane. Spermatozoa fromArmc12-/-mice showed parallel defects in the midpiece. Moreover, two patients were treated with intracytoplasmic sperm injection and achieved good outcomes.

Conclusion

Our findings prove for the first time that defects inARMC12cause asthenozoospermia and multiple midpiece defects in humans.
Targeted long-read sequencing identifies missing pathogenic variants in unsolved Werner syndrome cases
Authors: Miller Danny E. , Lee Lin , Galey Miranda , Kandhaya-Pillai Renuka , Tischkowitz Marc , Amalnath Deepak , Vithlani Avadh , Yokote Koutaro , Kato Hisaya , Maezawa Yoshiro , Takada-Watanabe Aki , Takemoto Minoru , Martin George M. , Eichler Evan E. , Hisama Fuki M. , Oshima Junko
Published: May 2022

Background

Werner syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive progeroid syndrome caused by variants inWRN. The International Registry of Werner Syndrome has identified biallelic pathogenic variants in 179/188 cases of classical WS. In the remaining nine cases, only one heterozygous pathogenic variant has been identified.

Methods

Targeted long-read sequencing (T-LRS) on an Oxford Nanopore platform was used to search for a second pathogenic variant inWRN. Previously, T-LRS was successfully used to identify missing variants and analyse complex rearrangements.

Results

We identified a second pathogenic variant in eight of nine unsolved WS cases. In five cases, T-LRS identified intronic splice variants that were confirmed by either RT-PCR or exon trapping to affect splicing; in one case, T-LRS identified a 339 kbp deletion, and in two cases, pathogenic missense variants. Phasing of long reads predicted all newly identified variants were on a different haplotype than the previously known variant. Finally, in one case, RT-PCR previously identified skipping of exon 20; however, T-LRS did not detect a pathogenic DNA sequence variant.

Conclusion

T-LRS is an effective method for identifying missing pathogenic variants. Although limitations with computational prediction algorithms can hinder the interpretation of variants, T-LRS is particularly effective in identifying intronic variants.
Evaluation of electrical resistivity and maturity for estimating the early-age properties of pre-packaged concrete
Authors: de Grazia Mayra T. , Sanchez Leandro F.M. , De Souza Diego J. , Ismail Lamiaa , Noel Martin , Decarufel Sarah
Published: May 2022

Although 28-day concrete compressive strength is often used as a quality control indicator, early-age mechanical properties are becoming more critical to optimize construction scheduling. Electrical resistivity (ER) and maturity can be used to appraise mechanical properties’ gain over time. Although these methods are well-defined for conventional concrete, there is a lack of studies using these techniques to predict strength of pre-packaged concrete mixes containing distinct materials. This paper aims to explore the feasibility of estimating early-strength gain of pre-packaged repair materials through ER and maturity. Calibration curves were developed using cylinders cured at room temperature and compared to samples cured under low/fluctuating temperature conditions. The average predicted-to-experimental strength ratios using ER and maturity method ranged from 1.07–1.17 and 0.86–1.16, respectively. Moreover, a statistical analysis of variance confirmed that there is no significant scatter within the results obtained from the same mixture.
Canopy management: the balance between lodging risk and nitrogen use for spring wheat production in the Canadian Prairies
Authors: Mangin Amy , Brûlé-Babel Anita , Flaten Don , Wiersma Jochum , Lawley Yvonne
Published: May 2022

Lodging risk in spring wheat has grown with the introduction of high-yielding cultivars that require high nitrogen (N) inputs to optimize grain yield and protein content. Canopy management (CM) strategies have been used to reduce lodging risk. However, the short growing season and unpredictable moisture supply may limit the use of these strategies in the Canadian Prairies. The objective of this study was to quantify the ability of agronomic practices to modify the early season crop canopy, and hence lodging risk, and to determine how these practices influence N use and final grain N yield. Split-plot field trials were established at four site-years (SYs) in Manitoba to evaluate CM strategies including three plant densities, a split N fertilizer application, and the application of chlormequat chloride (CCC) on canopy size (dry matter (DM) and height at anthesis), N uptake and remobilization, lodging and stalk strength, grain yield, protein, and grain N yield on the cultivar AAC Brandon. Precipitation was low during this study (64%–78% of long-term average (LTA)), resulting in modest yields and low lodging pressure. However, low plant density (PD), split N, and CCC applications all showed potential to reduce lodging risk without reducing grain yield or protein concentration. Split N and plant growth regulator (PGR) applications increased final grain N yield by 11.2% and 2.4%, respectively. Therefore, CM practices have potential in the Canadian Prairies to reduce lodging risk without compromising grain N, but results should be validated in higher precipitation environments and across additional cultivars and growing regions of western Canada.
Effects of different light-emitting diode qualities on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Spathiphyllum floribundum
Authors: Song Yinglong , Shang Wenqian , Wang Zheng , He Songlin , Shi Liyun , Shen Yuxiao , Lou Xueyuan , Sun Yuke
Published: May 2022

Spathiphyllum floribundum (Linden & André) N.E.Br. is an important indoor flower species. Thus, optimizing its growth by regulating the light quality under indoor low-light conditions may be critical for generating high-quality flowers. In this study, the effects of the following six light-quality treatments on peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities in two S. floribundum cultivars (“Sweet Chico” and “Queen”) were analyzed: monochromatic light comprising 100% red (R, 657 nm) or 100% blue (B, 450 nm) light, a combination of R and B lights [80% R + 20% B (8:2), 70% R + 30% B (7:3), and 60% R + 40% B (6:4)], and white light. The light treatments were performed using light-emitting diodes. The light intensity and photoperiod were set to 45 ± 2 µmol·m−2·s−1 and 14 h·day−1, respectively. The results of this study revealed that an appropriate R:B light ratio may lead to increased pigment contents, thereby increasing the synthesis and accumulation of photosynthetic products, which will result in increased stress resistance and enhanced growth. These findings provide the basis for future investigations on the growth and production of S. floribundum and other indoor ornamental plants.
CTH251 flue-cured tobacco F1 hybrid
Authors: Amankwa G.A. , Mishra S. , Shearer A.D. , Saude C. , Richmond M.D. , AL-Amery M.
Published: May 2022

CTH251 is a high yielding flue-cured tobacco with improved leaf quality and is comparable to the check, CTH14. It has comparatively lower percentage total alkaloids than the check. Ground sucker (basal tillers) weight for CTH251 tended to be slightly lower than for the check, which may be more of an advantage for growers when controlling suckers during early season.
Kaon electromagnetic form factors in dispersion theory
Authors: Stamen D. , Hariharan D. , Hoferichter M. , Kubis B. , Stoffer P.
Published: May 2022

The electromagnetic form factors of charged and neutral kaons are strongly constrained by their low-energy singularities, in the isovector part from two-pion intermediate states and in the isoscalar contribution in terms of $$\omega $$
ω
and $$\phi $$
ϕ
residues. The former can be predicted using the respective $$\pi \pi \rightarrow {{\bar{K}}} K$$

π
π
→

K

¯

K

partial-wave amplitude and the pion electromagnetic form factor, while the latter parameters need to be determined from electromagnetic reactions involving kaons. We present a global analysis of time- and spacelike data that implements all of these constraints. The results enable manifold applications: kaon charge radii, elastic contributions to the kaon electromagnetic self energies and corrections to Dashen’s theorem, kaon boxes in hadronic light-by-light (HLbL) scattering, and the $$\phi $$
ϕ
region in hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP). Our main results are: $$\langle r^2\rangle _\text {c}=0.359(3)\,\text {fm}^2$$

⟨

r
2

⟩

c

=
0.359

(
3
)

fm
2

, $$\langle r^2\rangle _\text {n}=-0.060(4)\,\text {fm}^2$$

⟨

r
2

⟩

n

=
-
0.060

(
4
)

fm
2

for the charged and neutral radii, $$\epsilon =0.63(40)$$

ϵ
=
0.63
(
40
)

for the elastic contribution to the violation of Dashen’s theorem, $$a_\mu ^{K\text {-box}}=-0.48(1)\times 10^{-11}$$

a
μ

K
-box

=
-
0.48

(
1
)

×

10

-
11

for the charged kaon box in HLbL scattering, and $$a_\mu ^\text {HVP}[K^+K^-, \le 1.05\,\text {GeV}]=184.5(2.0)\times 10^{-11}$$

a
μ
HVP

[

K
+

K
-

,
≤
1.05

GeV
]

=
184.5

(
2.0
)

×

10

-
11

, $$a_\mu ^\text {HVP}[K_SK_L, \le 1.05\,\text {GeV}]=118.3(1.5)\times 10^{-11}$$

a
μ
HVP

[

K
S

K
L

,
≤
1.05

GeV
]

=
118.3

(
1.5
)

×

10

-
11

for the HVP integrals around the $$\phi $$
ϕ
resonance. The global fit to $${{\bar{K}}} K$$

K

¯

K

gives $${{\bar{M}}}_\phi =1019.479(5)\,\text {MeV}$$

M

¯

ϕ

=
1019.479

(
5
)

MeV

, $${\bar{ \varGamma }}_\phi =4.207(8)\,\text {MeV}$$

Γ

¯

ϕ

=
4.207

(
8
)

MeV

for the $$\phi $$
ϕ
resonance parameters including vacuum-polarization effects.
Lorentzian path integral for quantum tunneling and WKB approximation for wave-function
Authors: Matsui Hiroki
Published: May 2022

Recently, the Lorentzian path integral formulation using the Picard–Lefschetz theory has attracted much attention in quantum cosmology. In this paper, we analyze the tunneling amplitude in quantum mechanics by using the Lorentzian Picard–Lefschetz formulation and compare it with the WKB analysis of the conventional Schrödinger equation. We show that the Picard–Lefschetz Lorentzian formulation is consistent with the WKB approximation for wave-function and the Euclidean path integral formulation utilizing the solutions of the Euclidean constraint equation. We also consider some problems of this Lorentzian Picard–Lefschetz formulation and discuss a simpler semiclassical approximation of the Lorentzian path integral without integrating the lapse function.
Time and band-resolved scintillation in time projection chambers based on gaseous xenon
Authors: Leardini S. , García E. Sánchez , Amedo P. , Saa-Hernández A. , González-Díaz D. , Santorelli R. , Fernández-Posada D. J. , González D.
Published: May 2022

We present a systematic study of the time and band-resolved scintillation in xenon-based time projection chambers (TPCs), performed simultaneously for the primary (S1) and secondary (S2) components in a small, purity-controlled, setup. We explore a range of conditions of general academic interest, focusing on those of relevance to contemporary TPCs: pressure range 1–10 bar, pressure-reduced electric fields of 0–100 V/cm/bar in the drift region (S1) and up to the proportional scintillation regime in the multiplication region (S2), and wavelength bands 145–250/250–400/400–600 nm, for both$$\alpha $$αand$$\beta $$βparticles. Attention is paid to the possibility of non-conventional scintillation mechanisms such as the 3rd continuum emission, recombination light from$$\beta $$β-electrons at high pressure (for S1), emission from high-lying excited states and neutral bremsstrahlung (for S2). Time constants and, specially, scintillation yields have been obtained as a function of electric field and pressure, the latter aided by Geant4 simulations.
A chiral mean-field equation-of-state in UrQMD: effects on the heavy ion compression stage
Authors: Omana Kuttan Manjunath , Motornenko Anton , Steinheimer Jan , Stoecker Horst , Nara Yasushi , Bleicher Marcus
Published: May 2022

It is shown that the initial compression in central heavy ion collisions at beam energies of$$E_{\mathrm {lab}}=1-10A$$Elab=1-10A GeV depends dominantly on the underlying equation of state and only marginally on the model used for the dynamical description. To do so, a procedure to incorporate any equation of state in the UrQMD transport model is introduced. In particular we compare the baryon density, temperature and pressure evolution as well as produced entropy in a relativistic ideal hydrodynamics approach and the UrQMD transport model, where the same equation of state is used in both approaches. Not only is the compression similar if the same equation of state is used in either dynamical model, but it also strongly depends on the actual equation of state. These results indicate that the equation of state can be studied with observables which are sensitive to the initial compression phase and maximum compression achieved in heavy ion collisions at these beam energies.
Hyperbolicity of augmented links in the thickened torus
Authors: Kwon Alice , Tham Ying Hong
Published: May 2022

For a hyperbolic link [Formula: see text] in the thickened torus, we show there is a decomposition of the complement of a link [Formula: see text], obtained from augmenting [Formula: see text], into torihedra. We further decompose the torihedra into angled pyramids and finally angled tetrahedra. These fit into an angled structure on a triangulation of the link complement, and thus by [D. Futer and F. Guéritaud, From angled triangulations to hyperbolic structures, in Interactions between Hyperbolic Geometry, Quantum Topology and Number Theory, Contemporary Mathematics, Vol. 541 (American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2011), pp. 159–182.], this shows that [Formula: see text] is hyperbolic.
Anomaly-free TQFTs from the super Lie algebra 𝔰𝔩(2|1)
Authors: Ha Ngoc Phu
Published: May 2022

It is known that the category [Formula: see text] of nilpotent weight modules over the quantum group associated with the super Lie algebra [Formula: see text] is a relative pre-modular [Formula: see text]-category. Its modified trace enables one to define an invariant of [Formula: see text]-manifolds. In this paper, we show that the category [Formula: see text] is a relative modular [Formula: see text]-category which allows one to constructing a family of non-semi-simple extended topological quantum field theories, and the family of TQFTs is anomaly free. The quantum group associated with [Formula: see text] is considered at odd roots of unity.
Kauffman bracket versus Jones polynomial skein modules
Authors: Almeida Shamon V. A. , Gelca Răzvan
Published: May 2022

This paper resolves the problem of comparing the skein modules defined using the skein relations discovered by Melvin and Kirby that underlie the quantum group-based Reshetikhin–Turaev model for [Formula: see text] Chern–Simons theory to the Kauffman bracket skein modules. Several applications and examples are presented.
Commutator subgroups of singular braid groups
Authors: Dey Soumya , Gongopadhyay Krishnendu
Published: May 2022

The singular braids with [Formula: see text] strands, [Formula: see text], were introduced independently by Baez and Birman. It is known that the monoid formed by the singular braids is embedded in a group that is known as singular braid group, denoted by [Formula: see text]. There has been another generalization of braid groups, denoted by [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], which was introduced by Fang as a group of symmetries behind quantum quasi-shuffle structures. The group [Formula: see text] simultaneously generalizes the classical braid group, as well as the virtual braid group on [Formula: see text] strands.

We investigate the commutator subgroups [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of these generalized braid groups. We prove that [Formula: see text] is finitely generated if and only if [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] is finitely generated if and only if [Formula: see text]. Further, we show that both [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are perfect if and only if [Formula: see text].
Automated analysis of karyotype images
Authors: Khazaei Ensieh , Emrany Ala , Tavassolipour Mostafa , Mahjoubi Foroozandeh , Ebrahimi Ahmad , Motahari Seyed Abolfazl
Published: May 2022

Karyotype is a genetic test that is used for detection of chromosomal defects. In a karyotype test, an image is captured from chromosomes during the cell division. The captured images are then analyzed by cytogeneticists in order to detect possible chromosomal defects. In this paper, we have proposed an automated pipeline for analysis of karyotype images. There are three main steps for karyotype image analysis: image enhancement, image segmentation and chromosome classification. In this paper, we have proposed a novel chromosome segmentation algorithm to decompose overlapped chromosomes. We have also proposed a CNN-based classifier which outperforms all the existing classifiers. Our classifier is trained by a dataset of about 1,62,000 human chromosome images. We also introduced a novel post-processing algorithm which improves the classification results. The success rate of our segmentation algorithm is 95%. In addition, our experimental results show that the accuracy of our classifier for human chromosomes is 92.63% and our novel post-processing algorithm increases the classification results to 94%.
Effects of non-minimally coupled f(R, T) gravity on the stability of a self-gravitating spherically symmetric fluid
Authors: Bhatti M. Z. , Yousaf Z. , Yousaf M.
Published: May 2022

This paper is focused on the in/stability of a collapsing anisotropic self-gravitating spherically symmetric compact fluid under the influence of non-minimally coupled f(R, T) gravitational theory, where R and T are traces of Ricci tensor and stress-energy tensor, respectively. We explore the f(R, T) equations of motion as well as conservation equations. We utilize the perturbation technique on dynamical equations, and physical quantities to get the collapse equation in a similar scenario. In the presence of considered f(R, T)-function (i.e. [Formula: see text]), to explain the dynamical behavior of the considered anisotropic relativistic fluid system. Furthermore, to address the issue of in/stability, the conditions on adiabatic index [Formula: see text] i.e. stiffness parameter of fluid, are developed for Newtonian [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] and post-Newtonian ([Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]. Several physical constraints are imposed to maintain the un/stable fluid structure.
Conformal η-Ricci almost solitons of Kenmotsu manifolds
Authors: Dey Santu , Uddin Siraj
Published: May 2022

The aim of this paper is to find some important classes of Einstein manifolds using conformal [Formula: see text]-Ricci solitons and conformal [Formula: see text]-Ricci almost solitons. We prove that a Kenmotsu metric as conformal [Formula: see text]-Ricci soliton is Einstein if it is [Formula: see text]-Einstein or the potential vector field [Formula: see text] is infinitesimal contact transformation or collinear with the Reeb vector field [Formula: see text]. Next, we prove that a Kenmotsu metric as gradient conformal [Formula: see text]-Ricci almost soliton is Einstein if the Reeb vector field leaves the scalar curvature invariants. Finally, we construct some examples to illustrate the existence of conformal [Formula: see text]-Ricci soliton, gradient almost conformal [Formula: see text]-Ricci soliton on Kenmotsu manifold.
Hybrid Deep Learning Model to Detect Uncertain Diseases in Wheat Leaves
Authors: Rathore Narendra Pal Singh , Prasad Lalji
Published: May 2022

To improve the wheat crop’s yield, leaf disease detection has been considered as an important research area. In the digital image processing field, computer vision and deep learning models have gained better performance. Several deep learning-based techniques have also been used previously for wheat leaf disease detection, but the accuracy is still considered a challenging task. The basic convolutional neural networks (CNNs) model of deep learning has poor performance for abnormal image orientation, rotation, etc. Hence, to overcome this issue, a hybrid model that is a combination of VGG-16 and a capsule network is implemented in this paper. VGG-16 is a pre-trained model used for the recognition and categorization of objects. CapsNet is a novel architecture for deep learning design to solve CNN’s limitations for rotation, tillage, or other picture anomalies. Thus, a hybrid model has been developed, integrating VGG-16 and capsule network characteristics. The new hybrid model is termed here as WheCNet. Hence, the VGG-16 and capsule network features are combined into a new hybrid model called WheCNet. Features are first extracted by using the VGG-16 model. When there are misalignment issues with the existing deep learning models, CapsNet layers are used. Finally, sigmoid activation functions and fully connected layers are employed. Overfitting can be avoided by introducing dropouts, which are also used to build more generalized WheCNet models. The performance of WheCNet is compared with ResNet, MobileNet, XceptionNet, and VGG for the same dataset. After the successful implementation, WheCNet exhibits validation accuracy of 98%, while ResNet, MobileNet, XceptionNet and VGG achieve accuracy of 65%, 81%, 52%, and 93%, respectively. Hence, the proposed hybrid model, WheCNet will simplify the detection of uncertain diseases in wheat leaves with higher accuracy.
Identification of Maize Plant Diseases Based on Linear Vector Quantization with Neural Network
Authors: Nandhini S. , Ashokkumar K.
Published: May 2022

Agricultural output is a critical prerequisite for economic success in any country, and it offers raw materials, work, and food to many citizens. A variety of factors contribute to anticipated crop production changes across the globe. Chemical fertilizer usage is one of the most prevalent, but others include the presence of contaminants in water sources, unpredictable rainfall patterns, and changing soil fertility. Apart from these concerns, one of the most common challenges around the world is the destruction of a large portion of productivity due to crop diseases. After contributing effective resources to the farms, the occurrence of pests in the plants grown reduces a significant portion of the production. As a result, reliable techniques for plant disease detection are becoming increasingly important. Using a deep convolutional neural network (CNN), this research paper presents an interesting technique for predicting maize leaf diseases from images of different disease stages. The Linear Vector Quantization (LVQ) augmented CNN is recommended for maize leaf identifying diseases because it improves the accuracy of maize leaf diseases while lowering network parameters. Improved models are utilized to train and evaluate various types of maize leaf images, thereby improving maize leaf diseases accuracy by reducing convergence iterations, potentially improving model training and identification efficiency. The proposed CNN-LVQ is compared with two other contemporary machine learning models, such as VGG-16 and ResNet-50, to analyze its performance.
Dual-Responsive Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Amphiphilic Fe3O4 Nanoparticle for Dye Contaminant Removal
Authors: Zhang Zhaoyu , Li Qiuhong , Ge Shujin , Li Xueshu , Zhang Zhengliang , Zhao Wenlei
Published: May 2022

This study presented the redox and magnetically responsive water-in-oil (W/O) Pickering emulsions stabilized by amphiphilic Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The magnetic nanoparticles synthesized by a conventional solvothermal method were further modified and characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive system (EDS). The results showed that Fe3O4 nanoparticles modified by 3-pyridyl-5-ferrocenyl-2-pyrazoline (PFP) showed strong interfacial activity, which could be used to emulsify toluene and water to prepare stable water-in-toluene emulsions. Moreover, due to the good redox properties of PFP, the emulsions could be switched between stable/unstable by adding trace amounts of oxidant and reducing agents alternately. At the same time, the emulsion droplets could be moved by applying magnetic field due to the superparamagnetic nature of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Moreover, based on the electrostatic interaction, [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] stacking and solubilization effect, the obtained Pickering emulsions could be used as an excellent extraction system for dye molecules Congo red with extraction efficiency up to 97%. In addition, the droplets of the emulsion could be reused by simple washing, which provided a new method for dye contaminant removal.
Exoplanet detection with Genesis
Authors: Visser Koko , Bosma Bas , Postma Eric
Published: May 2022

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have shown to offer a consistent and reliable foundation for the automatic detection of potential exoplanets. CNNs rely on an abundance of parameters (overparameterization) to achieve their impressive detection performances. Astronet was one of the first CNNs for exoplanet detection. It takes as input folded lightcurves in two views: a local view (the transit) and a global view (the entire orbital period including the transit). A more recent CNN called Exonet-XS improved on Astronet’s performance while having considerably less parameters, thereby reducing the risk of overfitting. Exonet-XS also uses two views as input. In this paper, we propose Genesis, an even more simplified CNN for exoplanet detection from folded lightcurves using only one view. In addition, we propose to use a more reliable validation procedure that is custom in CNN-based exoplanet detection studies: the Monte Carlo Cross-Validation (MCCV) procedure. We show that the use of MCCV improves the reliability of the estimation of the detection performance by providing a (discretized) probability distribution, rather than a point estimate. Using MCCV we show that Astronet with only one view performs on a par with the original two-view version. More importantly, our fair comparative evaluation (without stellar parameters and centroids) reveals that Genesis outperforms Exonet-XS and Astronet. We conclude by stating that existing exoplanet detection CNNs are too complex for the task at hand and that future evaluations of performances should use MCCV or similar validation procedures.
Some Seeds Are Strong: Seeding Strategies for Search-based Test Case Selection
Authors: Arrieta Aitor , Valle Pablo , Agirre Joseba A. , Sagardui Goiuria
Published: May 2022

The time it takes software systems to be tested is usually long. Search-based test selection has been a widely investigated technique to optimize the testing process. In this article, we propose a set of seeding strategies for the test case selection problem that generates the initial population of Pareto-based multi-objective algorithms, with the goals of (1) helping to find an overall better set of solutions and (2) enhancing the convergence of the algorithms. The seeding strategies were integrated with four state-of-the-art multi-objective search algorithms and applied into two contexts where regression-testing is paramount: (1) Simulation-based testing of Cyber-physical Systems and (2) Continuous Integration. For the first context, we evaluated our approach by using six fitness function combinations and six independent case studies, whereas in the second context, we derived a total of six fitness function combinations and employed four case studies. Our evaluation suggests that some of the proposed seeding strategies are indeed helpful for solving the multi-objective test case selection problem. Specifically, the proposed seeding strategies provided a higher convergence of the algorithms towards optimal solutions in 96% of the studied scenarios and an overall cost-effectiveness with a standard search budget in 85% of the studied scenarios.
TAG: Tagged Architecture Guide
Authors: Jero Samuel , Burow Nathan , Ward Bryan , Skowyra Richard , Khazan Roger , Shrobe Howard , Okhravi Hamed
Published: May 2022

Software security defenses are routinely broken by the persistence of both security researchers and attackers. Hardware solutions based on tagging are emerging as a promising technique that provides strong security guarantees (e.g., memory safety) while incurring minimal runtime overheads and maintaining compatibility with existing codebases. Such schemes extend every word in memory with a tag and enforce security policies across them. This paper provides a survey of existing work on tagged architectures and describe the types of attacks such architectures aim to prevent as well as the guarantees they provide. It highlights the main distinguishing factors among tagged architectures and presents the diversity of designs and implementations that have been proposed. The survey reveals several real-world challenges have been neglected relating to both security and practical deployment. The challenges relate to the provisioning and enforcement phases of tagged architectures, and various overheads they incur. This work identifies these challenges as open research problems and provides suggestions for improving their security and practicality.
Review—Recent Progress in Low Temperature Synthesis of Crystalline TiO2 Photocatalytic Films by Highly Controllable Electrodeposition
Authors: Becker Markus , Yezerska Olga
Published: May 2022

Eco-friendly photocatalysis has already been known for decades. In the photocatalytic process, photoinduced oxidation and reduction reactions at the photocatalysts surface enable the degradation of organic compounds into harmless substances like carbon dioxide or water. Titanium dioxide has demonstrated to be one of the most prominent photocatalysts, which can be ascribed to its outstanding physico-chemical properties, low cost and environmental friendliness. Thin films of TiO2 are of special interest due to cost saving reasons and for applications where recycling technologies cannot be implemented. However, efficient photocatalysts are based on crystalline TiO2, which is typically obtained after heat treatment. This is energetically unfavourable and prohibits the usage of temperature-fragile substrates. Consequently, there is a need to find low-temperature synthesis routes, which allow the direct crystallization of TiO2 or subsequent crystallization at mild temperatures. Electrodeposition allows superior control over morphology, homogeneity and thickness due to precise parameter control. This review summarizes recent developments in low-temperature electrodeposition of crystalline TiO2 with emphasis on final crystallinity and photocatalytic activity. Furthermore, the different approaches will be classified with regard to practicableness as well as industrial implementability. As a final conclusion, the current technical challenges as well as future perspectives will be discussed.
Review—Recent Advances in the Development of Porous Carbon-Based Electrocatalysts for Water-Splitting Reaction
Authors: Chen Tse-Wei , Kalimuthu Palraj , Veerakumar Pitchaimani , Chen Shen-Ming , Anushya Ganesan , Jeyapragasam Tharini , Lin King-Chen , Mariyappan Vinitha , Ramachandran Rasu
Published: May 2022

The porous carbon-based materials (PCMs) have recently been attracted to many applications, specifically energy conversion and storage devices, due to their excellent electrocatalytic activities and abundant nature. The PCMs possess fascinating properties, including unique porosity, low cost, higher conductivity, fast mass transport for easy access of analytes and durability. Here, we have highlighted the different forms of PCMs, such as nanoporous, mesoporous, graphene, metal, and metal oxides based carbon composites for water-splitting reactions and their significance in important energy storage devices (metal-air batteries and fuel cells). This review is mainly focused on the various approaches for the preparation of porous carbon-based materials over the last ten years and the fabricated materials that could be applied in large-scale practical energy-related applications. In addition, we summarize the most promising strategies for the development of morphological structural based electrocatalysts to enhance their electrocatalytic performances for both OER and HER activities are discussed.
Dopamine receptor signaling regulates fibrotic activation of retinal pigmented epithelial cells
Authors: Gao Ashley Y. , Link Patrick A. , Bakri Sophie J. , Haak Andrew J.
Published: May 2022

Retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells play an important role in retinal fibrotic diseases such as proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). The purpose of this study was to elucidate the involvement of dopamine receptor signaling in regulating the fibrotic activation of RPE cells. Dopamine receptor expression, the effect of dopamine on fibrotic activity, and dopamine production were measured in the human RPE cell line ARPE-19. The fibrotic activation of RPE cells was evaluated in response to treatments with selective dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists by measuring gene expression, migration, proliferation, and fibronectin deposition. DRD2 and DRD5 are the dominant dopaminergic receptors expressed in ARPE-19 cells and TGF-β stimulation enhances the autocrine release of dopamine, which we show further exasperates fibrotic activation. Finally, treatment with D2 dopamine receptor antagonists or D5 dopamine receptor agonists inhibits profibrotic gene expression, migration, proliferation, and fibronectin deposition and thus may serve as effective mechanisms for treating retinal fibrosis including PVR.
The effect of spatial structure on presaccadic attention costs and benefits assessed with dynamic 1/f noise
Authors: Hanning Nina M. , Deubel Heiner
Published: May 2022

Using a new psychophysical paradigm, we show that, if the visual field is unstructured, the well-established attention shift preceding saccadic eye movements is far less focused on the movement goal than previously suggested based on conventional protocols, implying that attention is strongly shaped by scene-structuring elements. Moreover, it comes at a significant cost. Although visual sensitivity at the saccade target increases during eye-movement preparation, foveal perception (at the current center of gaze) is markedly deteriorated.
Dimensionality Reduction and Extraction of Engineering Remote Sensing Data Based on Building Information Modeling and Geographical Information System
Authors: Wang Yonghua , Li Yanfang , Zhang Bing , Xing Pengxiang
Published: May 2022

The high dimensionality of the modern remote sensing data of construction land makes it complicated to extract image data. This paper proposes a dimensionality reduction and extraction strategy for the remote sensing data of construction land, with the aid of building information modeling (BIM) and geographical information system (GIS). Firstly, the BIM was employed to reduce the size of the remote sensing data of construction land and to obtain the information of each element. Next, the remote sensing data of construction land were parsed, and the key BIM elements were extracted through semantic filtering. In addition, the remote sensing data were converted into a triangulated irregular network (TIN), which can be processed by the geographical information system (GIS). In the end, random projection was utilized to reduce the dimensionality and compress the remote sensing data, and realize the data extraction. Experimental results show that our approach can compress and extract the information from construction land images in the remote sensing data with a high accuracy.
Clinical Application of Augmented Reality in Computerized Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Kalaiarasan K. , Prathap Lavanya , Ayyadurai M. , Subhashini P. , Tamilselvi T. , Avudaiappan T. , Infant Raj I. , Alemayehu Mamo Samson , Mezni Amine
Published: May 2022

Cranial base tactics comprise the regulation of tiny and complicated structures in the domains of otology, rhinology, neurosurgery, and maxillofacial medical procedure. Basic nerves and veins are in the nearness of these buildings. Increased the truth is a coming innovation that may reform the cerebral basis approach by supplying vital physical and navigational facts brought together in a solitary presentation. In any case, the awareness and acknowledgment of prospective results of expanding reality frameworks in the cerebral base region are really poor. This article targets examining the handiness of expanded reality frameworks in cranial foundation medical procedures and emphasizes the obstacles that present innovation encounters and their prospective adjustments. A specialized perspective on distinct strategies used being produced of an improved realty framework is furthermore offered. The newest item offers an expansion in interest in expanded reality frameworks that may motivate more secure and practical procedures. In any case, a couple of concerns have to be cared to before that can be for the vast part fused into normal practice.
Application of Data Resource Allocation in Economic Management Information System
Authors: Guan Yi , Chen Qian , Li Zhilin
Published: May 2022

With the development of the digital economy and the sharp increase in economic information, a large amount of data needs to be processed. Therefore, the demand for an economic management information system is also increasing, but how to realize the allocation of data resources in the system has become an urgent problem to be solved. This study conducts research on the above problems, first analyzes the research results of domestic and foreign scholars, finds out the content suitable for this research, and then introduces the structure of the economic management information system and the method of data resource allocation in detail. Finally, by comparing and testing the algorithm of data resource allocation and other allocation algorithms, it is concluded that the allocation algorithm used in this study is more effective than the research algorithm of previous scholars, thus proving the feasibility of this research. The test results show that the number of protocol function modules allocated by the GAA algorithm is 20% to 30% less than that of the RAA algorithm. So, it can be concluded that compared with the RAA algorithm, the GAA algorithm saves more network resources.
Three-Dimensional DV-Hop Localization Algorithm Based on Hop Size Correction and Improved Sparrow Search
Authors: Gou Pingzhang , Yu Zhaoyang , Hu Xinyue , Miao Kai
Published: May 2022

Acquiring precise localization information of sensor nodes is very important in wireless sensor networks. The 3DDV-hop localization algorithm suffers from large localization errors and high energy consumption. In order to improve positioning accuracy and reduce energy consumption, a 3DDV-hop node localization algorithm (3D-HCSSA) based on hop size correction and improved sparrow search optimization is proposed. The algorithm redefines the amendment factor and reduces the cumulative error caused by the hop counts in the traditional algorithm. A maximum distance similar link method based on a similar path search is proposed to find the most similar known node path pair from the target node to the noncoplanar known node link and correct the hop size between multihop counts. The sparrow search algorithm is improved by using the

k

-means clustering and sine cosine search strategy, which solves the problem that the traditional sparrow algorithm is easy to fall into the local optimum, accelerates the convergence speed, corrects the position deviation of the target node, and improves the positioning accuracy. Experiments demonstrate that the 3D-HCSSA algorithm can improve positioning accuracy and reduce energy consumption. Compared with the 3DDV-hop algorithm, 3D-GAIDV-hop algorithm, and HCLSO-3D algorithm, the 3D-HCSSA positioning accuracy is significantly improved.