bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Fraud in the Procurement of Government Goods/Services (PBJP): Empirical Study on BPKP in Indonesia
Authors: Istiyadi Agus , Silviana Silviana
Published: February 2025

This research looks at how BPKP auditors feel about the following factors: the PBJP committee's quality, its income, BPJB systems and procedures, the PBJP's ethics, and its environment. All of these factors have a big effect on procurement fraud in government agencies. The population comprises all PBJP assurance auditors, with a research sample of 141 individuals chosen through purposive sampling. Validity assessment, reliability assessment, multicollinearity analysis, heteroscedasticity testing, multiple regression analysis, hypothesis testing, and finding the coefficient of determination are all parts of testing data. The results show that all of these separate factors have a statistically significant effect on fraud. The PBJP environment has a positive effect on fraud, while the quality of PBJP committees, the income of PBJP officials, PBJP systems and procedures, and PBJP ethics all have a negative effect. Due to the limited scope of this study, extrapolating the results to other countries is not feasible. This study provides important strategic guidelines for policymakers to develop frameworks for better fraud prevention development. This study adds to the literature, particularly on the factors influencing fraud. There is still little research on this topic, particularly in Indonesia. The unique feature of this research is the use of a dataset of professional auditors who investigate most procurement issues.
Hubungan Antara Kecerdasan Emosi dan Beban Kerja dengan Burnout pada Karyawan Kurir Jasa Ekspedisi
Authors: Sari Niken Mulia , Aprilia Nugraini
Published: February 2025

Burnout merupakan kondisi individu mengalami kelelahan fisik, kelelahan emosional, serta kelelahan mental sebagai dampak stres berkepanjangan dalam situasi  menuntut keterlibatan emosional yang tinggi. Kurir memegang peran penting dalam industri pengiriman barang, namun tuntutan pekerjaan yang tinggi dapat menyebabkan burnout. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kecerdasan emosi dan beban kerja dengan burnout. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif korelasional. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode total sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 75 karyawan kurir jasa ekspedisi di Kabupaten Kudus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan sangat signifikan antara kecerdasan emosi dan beban kerja dengan burnout dengan sumbangan efektif sebesar 78,6%. Secara lebih dalam kecerdasan emosi dan burnout memiliki hubungan negatif yang sangat signifikan dengan sumbangan efektif sebesar 61,1%. Sedangkan, beban kerja dan burnout juga menunjukkan bahwa memiliki hubungan positif yang sangat signifikan dengan sumbangan efektif sebesar 73,5%.
Regulation of Intestinal Iron Absorption: Balancing Supply and Demand
Authors: Yaseen Shazia , Akram Rai Hamza , Ali Basit , Zaheer Komal , Rafique Memoona , Eman Pakeeza , Fatima Namal , Kausar Fazeelat , Luqman Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Iron, an essential micronutrient, is involved in several physiological activities, including oxygen transport, cellular respiration, and DNA synthesis. Its homeostasis is strictly controlled to avoid overload and deficiency. Ferrous iron is taken up by intestinal enterocytes through the apical membrane with the help of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1). Iron can then be discharged into the bloodstream by ferroportin 1 (FPN1) or stored intracellularly in ferritin. Hepcidin, a hormone produced in the liver, binds to FPN1 and causes its internalization and degradation, a key factor in controlling systemic iron levels. Thus, hepcidin limits the absorption and release of iron by decreasing the iron outflow from enterocytes and macrophages. Iron-responsive element/iron regulatory protein (IRE/IRP) system and hypoxia-inducible factor 2 (HIF-2) are important cellular regulators of iron homeostasis. The IRE/IRP system post-transcriptionally regulates the expression of iron-related proteins in response to iron availability. At the same time, HIF-2 promotes the expression of iron transporters and metabolic enzymes under hypoxic conditions. Iron-related disorders can result from disruptions in these regulatory mechanisms; for instance, mutations in the genes encoding hepcidin, FPN1, or hereditary hemochromatosis protein (HFE) can cause iron overload disorders like hemochromatosis, while iron deficiency anemia is caused by impaired iron absorption due to genetic defects or nutritional deficiencies. A deeper understanding of these intricate mechanisms is crucial for developing effective strategies to prevent and treat iron-related disorders.
Role of Microbes in the Production of Dairy Products
Authors: Naeem Muhammad , Amin Aatif , Ejaz Joha , Shahzad Fizza , Patras Sehrish , Aamir Khazen Ali
Published: February 2025

Microorganisms have a significant impact on the fermentation processes and health advantages of dairy products. Certain microbial strains are necessary for the fermentation, flavor, and nutritional value enhancement of traditional dairy products including kefir, cheese, and yoghurt. Yeasts, molds, and lactic acid bacteria are necessary for the transformation of lactose to lactic acid, which causes milk to coagulate and produce distinctive smells and textures. Recent developments in synthetic biology, fermentation technology, and microbial genetics have created new opportunities to improve the functioning and quality of dairy products. The present function of microbes in dairy production is examined in this review, with particular attention paid to their use in fermentation, probiotic production, and sustainability. The creation of new probiotic strains, the use of genetically modified microorganisms to produce dairy substitutes, and the application of microbes for more effective and sustainable dairy farming methods are some prospects. The future of the dairy business is expected to be significantly shaped by microbial innovation as customer demand for healthier, more sustainable dairy products increases.
Тормозное излучение электронов в воде при контакте с материалами, содержащими радиоактивные примеси
Authors: Баласанян Р. Н. , Григорьян И. Г. , Мужикян П. Г. , Костанян Р. Б.
Published: February 2025

Экспериментально исследованы изменения интенсивности тормозного излучения электронов при погружении в воду образцов из металлического вольфрама и оптического стекла, содержащих радиоактивные примеси. Измерения интенсивности тормозного излучения проведены на спектрометре гамма-излучения. Для сравнения представлены также результаты экспериментальных измерений, выполненных на беспримесном образце вольфрама. Показано, что при контакте с водой материалов с радиоактивной примесью, подверженной β−-распаду, возникает рентгеновское излучение с энергией 5.67 кэВ. Однако при аналогичном контакте с водой материалов с радиоактивной примесью, подверженной α-распаду, не наблюдается возникновение тормозного излучения.
This study experimentally examines variations in the intensity of bremsstrahlung radiation produced by electrons when metallic tungsten and optical glass samples containing radioactive impurities are immersed in water. The bremsstrahlung intensities were measured using a gamma-ray spectrometer. For reference, experimental data were also obtained for a pure tungsten sample devoid of radioactive impurities. It is demonstrated that the interaction of materials containing radioactive impurities undergoing β−-decay with water generates X-ray radiation with an energy of 5.67 keV. However, similar interactions involving materials with radioactive impurities undergoing α-decay do not result in the generation of bremsstrahlung radiation.
Примесные состояния в квазиконической квантовой точке
Authors: Хачатрян Х. С. , Мкртчян М. А.
Published: February 2025

Теоретически исследованы донорные примесные состояния в квазиконической квантовой точке. Потенциал ограничения рассматривается в рамках модели с бесконечными стенками. Задача рассмотрена при условии нахождения примеси в вершине квазиконической квантовой точки. Потенциал взаимодействия между примесью и электроном рассмотрен кулоновским, на основе атома водорода. Ввиду сложности, задача решена на основе приближенного метода конечных элементов (FEM). Методом FEM рассчитаны энергетические состояния и волновые функции системы как в присутствии, так и в отсутствие донорной примеси. На основе полученных результатов изучены плотность вероятности распределения электронного облака в квантовой точке и зависимости энергии связи примеси от геометрических параметров квазиконической квантовой точки.
Donor impurity states in a quasi-conical quantum dot are theoretically investigated. The confinement potential is considered within the framework of the model with infinite walls. The problem is considered under the condition that the impurity is at the vertex of the quasi-conical quantum dot. The interaction potential between the impurity and the electron is considered as the Coulomb potential, based on the hydrogen atom model. Due to the complexity, the problem is solved using the approximate finite element method (FEM). The FEM method is used to calculate the energy states and wave functions of the system both in the presence and absence of the donor impurity. Based on the obtained results, the probability density of the electron cloud distribution in the quantum dot and the dependences of the impurity binding energy on the geometric parameters of the quasi-conical quantum dot are studied.
Challenging Investment Treaty Awards in Switzerland : Mission (Almost) Impossible?
Authors: Scherer Matthias , Kunz Catherine Anne , Azaria Laura
Published: February 2025

In the last five years, the Swiss Supreme Court has handled an increasing number of investment treaty cases. SCHERER / KUNZ / AZARIA report on the recent decisions by the Swiss Supreme Court involving bilateral treaty claims or claims under the Energy Charter Treaty issued between December 2019 and December 2024: Russia v. Ukrnafta/Stabil II – Czech Republic v. Natland I and II – Clorox v. Venezuela I, II and III –– Binani v. Macedonia –– Libya v. Etrak – Fischer v. Czech Republic – Spain v. AES Solar – Yamantürk v. Syria – Russia v. Yukos II – India v. Deutsche Telekom II –AsiaPhos v. China – Spain v. EDF.
Consumer Insights: Evaluating Preferences for Rubber-Based Products
Authors:   2 2nd Year MBA Student, Mepco School of Management Studies,  Mepco Schlenk Engineering College,  Sivakasi-625005 India., Devi Dr. J. Prateeba
Published: February 2025

This research study explores consumer anticipations and preferences for rubber products, aiming to identify preferred product attributes, discover consumer price sensitivity, uncover demand for innovative features, and measure satisfaction with rubber products. The various rubber product are Axle seals, End cap seals, Hydraulic seals, Rotary shaft seals, Bonded seals, Wheel seals, Crankshaft seals, shock absorber seals, Value stem seals and Differential, Timing seal, O rings and Moulded rubber products. And these rubber products are used for various purpose by various groups, they are Individual usage, Business usage, and Industry usage. Utilizing a survey research approach and structured questionnaires, the study integrates qualitative insights from focus groups and quantitative data from a sample size of 260, collected through convenience sampling method. The research employs various tools, including frequency analysis, regression, mean averages, crosstabs and chi-square tests, to analyse the data. The findings reveal that consumers prefer high-quality, durable rubber products, with attributes such as durability, reliability, and performance driving satisfaction. Price sensitivity is influenced by demographic factors, with many consumers viewing price as an indicator of value and showing a willingness to pay more during promotions. Overall satisfaction with rubber products is high, driven by quality, availability, and a demand for innovative features.

Keywords: Consumer Anticipations, Consumer Preferences, Product Attributes, Price Sensitivity, Demand for Innovative Features and Consumer Satisfaction.
Optimizing Quality Standards in Pharma 4.0 by Implementing Quality Behaviors for Excellence in the Digital Era
Authors: Thomas Steffen , Ananta Rusli
Published: February 2025

The pharmaceutical industry is undergoing a significant transformation with the emergence of the Pharma 4.0 concept, driven by technological advancements such as the internet of things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and robotic production systems (continuous manufacturing). One crucial aspect of this transformation is the need for strong data integrity (DI) to ensure the data reliability and security related to pharmaceutical product quality. In the era of Pharma 4.0, performance data from the pharmaceutical industry can be integrated to support real-time decision-making, the presence of DI is crucial to protect consumers and comply with industry regulations. The ALCOA+ principle is used to ensure the integrity of data throughout its lifecycle, including identification, sustainability, and availability of data. Quality behavior is needed to enhance self-awareness in the 4.0 transformation, especially with the increasing focus on cybersecurity and the rising number of data integrity cases, particularly in implementing the ALCOA+ principle. Quality behavior becomes crucial in addressing the challenges and opportunities presented by the Pharma 4.0 transformation and in maintaining data integrity in pharmaceutical industry.
Plasma Fibrinogen Level as Prognostic Factor for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Sidik Abdul Jafar , Ridayanto Wandy
Published: February 2025

Introduction: This article aims to determine the role of plasma fibrinogen level as a prognostic factor for hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Method: A structured literature review will be conducted through PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, according to the selected clinical questions. Literature selection was based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The three selected literature were then critically appraised using criteria that included validity, importance, and applicability. Discussion: The three kinds of literature in this article all state that high plasma fibrinogen levels correlate with poor overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Conclusion: Plasma fibrinogen levels may act as a prognostic factor for overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
Role of educational technology in the implementation of NEP 2020 in physical education
Authors: Pankaja Pandey  , Yadav Hiralal
Published: February 2025

The National Education Policy (NEP) is a significant educational development that India has been anxiously anticipating. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 is a significant milestone in modern education policy as it supersedes the National Policy on Education (NPE) of 1986. The implementation of this initiative results in significant transformations within the school system, as well as in the field of teacher education. One notable transformation is to the restructuring of the school system, which is accompanied by a corresponding alteration in teacher education. The phenomenon of convergence may give rise to certain challenges that need a more scholarly approach in addressing them. Over the last decade, the use of educational technology in training and teaching techniques has significantly transformed the field of sports training and physical education. The present state of our education system necessitates the use and improvement of educational technology in order to effectively execute the National Education Policy (NEP) of 2020. The policy guidelines of the NEP provide a comprehensive roadmap for its implementation. However, it is important to note that the policy also presents inherent obstacles, although without expressly articulating them. This study examines many elements that influence the adoption of an application, including ICT difficulties, scalability, the transition from conventional to digital classroom delivery, the effect on pedagogy, and obstacles encountered during the early phases of development. This paper examines the challenges posed by global technological trends and their implications for the education system, particularly in relation to the implementation of the National Education Policy (NEP). The successful achievement of accessibility and equity, which are crucial for reaching millions of Indians, hinges upon effectively addressing the challenges discussed herein.
Procalcitonin: Study of its efficacy as a potent biomarker in non-sepsis bacterial infection
Authors: Basak Asim Kumar , Das Dipankar
Published: February 2025

Background: The calcitonin hormone plays a crucial role in regulating calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. Moreover, during systemic inflammation, particularly in bacterial infections, procalcitonin production occurs in various tissues, such as the lung, liver, kidney, and adipose tissue. This rise of procalcitonin levels becomes detectable as early as 2 to 4 hours post-stimulation, peaking within 6 to 24 hours. This is why, unlike C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin is considered the earliest and most stable marker, as its concentration is unaffected by neutropenia, immunodeficiency conditions, and the use of nonsteroidal or steroid anti-inflammatory drugs. However, the reports are mainly based on sepsis-induced bacterial infection. Thereby the aim of the present study was to evaluate the procalcitonin test’s ability to discriminate different bacterial (Non- sepsis) etiology in a large population of patients.Materials and Methods: This longitudinal observational study was conducted using clinical and routine laboratory data collected from the Clinical Microbiology Unit of the Narayana Multispeciality Hospital, Barasat, Kolkata, from 2nd August 2022 to 15th January 2023, to evaluate the significance of serum biomarker C reactive protein, total leucocyte count, and procalcitonin test in early detection of bacterial infection.Result: In the present study, it was observed that the prevalence of elevated procalcitonin levels is higher with the gram-negative bacterial infection, especially among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, in comparison to the gram-positive bacterial infected population.
Investigation of the impact of a short-term low-carbohydrate paleolithic diet on cardiovascular risk markers
Authors: Hariharan V  , CK Vijayasamundeeswari
Published: February 2025

Background: Low carbohydrate diets like the Paleolithic diet have caught the attention of the public and medical professionals in their ability for weight loss, and diabetic control among others. However, an important question about their effect on lipid levels and cardiovascular risk has not been answered enough. Aims: Our study aimed to observe the impact of a short-term Low-carbohydrate Paleolithic diet on Lipids such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL), High-density lipoprotein (HDL), Triglycerides (TAG) and cardiovascular risk markers such as Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and Apolipoprotein-B (ApoB). Materials and methods: This is a 3-month study involving 106 participants who were attending our hospital OPD for various health issues and were studied and tested before and after a diet intervention. The diet prescribed is a low carbohydrate Paleolithic diet having a protein, Carbohydrate and fat ratio around 15:20:65 and are regularly followed for compliance. Results: After three months, it was seen that this diet has significantly decreased Triglycerides (p=0.001); significantly increased LDL (p=0.0009), HDL (p=0.005) and ApoA1 (p=0.01); whereas there was no change in ApoB levels, ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and LDL/ApoB ratio. Conclusion: A short-term Low carbohydrate paleolithic diet is not pro-atherogenic but it favorably alters lipid profile and cardiac markers thereby reducing the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
The relationship between depression, anxiety, and stress levels and sleep quality in diabetic patients: A quantitative study utilizing DASS-42 and PSQI questionnaires
Authors: Ali Kashif , Mufti Aliya , Raza Nadeem , Sharma Gaurav
Published: February 2025

Background: Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder, is often associated with various psychological conditions such as depression, anxiety, and stress. The interplay between these psychological factors and sleep quality can further complicate disease management and patient outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between psychological distress, assessed using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-42), and sleep quality, measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), in diabetic patients with HbA1c levels above 6.5%. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in India. A total of 150 diabetic patients with HbA1c > 6.5% were recruited. Psychological distress was evaluated using the DASS-42 questionnaire, which measures depression, anxiety, and stress. Sleep quality was assessed using the PSQI questionnaire. The correlation between DASS-42 scores and PSQI scores was analysed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and statistical significance was determined by the p-value. Results: The study findings indicated a significant positive correlation between the DASS-42 total scores and PSQI scores, suggesting that higher levels of psychological distress are associated with poorer sleep quality in diabetic patients. Specifically, Pearson’s correlation coefficient was found to be 0.56 (p < 0.01), demonstrating a moderate correlation. Further analysis revealed that all three subscales of the DASS-42 (depression, anxiety, and stress) were individually correlated with poor sleep quality, with stress showing the strongest correlation (r = 0.62, p < 0.01). Conclusion: The study emphasise the significant association between psychological distress and sleep quality in diabetic patients. Given the moderate positive correlation observed, it is imperative for healthcare providers to consider psychological evaluations and interventions as part of comprehensive diabetes management. Addressing psychological issues may not only improve sleep quality but also potentially enhance overall disease outcomes. Further research is warranted to explore the causal relationships and potential therapeutic interventions.
Physiological health parameters and nutritional status among college-going girls in Murshidabad District of West Bengal, India
Authors: Tripathy Smritiratan , Basak Baishali , Dasgupta Dwipayan
Published: February 2025

Background: Physiological health indicators such as height, weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI) reflect the overall development of a population and are closely linked to nutritional intake patterns. Measurements of blood pressure and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) help to assess disease-related health status within the studied group. There is no such information about the anthropometric data along with respiratory fitness among the college girls of Murshidabad district in West Bengal. Methods: One hundred eleven college girls aged 19-22 years were selected randomly to observe their height, weight, BMI, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse rate, body temperature, respiration rate, PEFR, and handgrip strength. All the girls of the mentioned age group were clinically examined for anemia and vitamin A deficiency, i.e., the finding of beta spot, goiter, and other associated iodine deficiency disorders. The dietary practice among the students was also investigated. Results: Overall results showed that the mean BMI of these girls is 21.23 ± 3.94 kg/sq m, with a mean PEFR value of 315.77 ± 61.06 l/min. As expected, mean hand grip strength was found to be less in the non-dominant hands (16.22 ± 4.00 kg) than in the dominant hand (18.40 ± 4.76 kg). The mean height and weight are slightly elevated in the studied population as compared with the standard ICMR data. Their regular diet should include more nutritional food, as anemia, and Grade 1 Goiter were found in 6.3% and 3.6% of students, respectively. Conclusion: About 50% of the students have a healthy weight, while around 33% are underweight, likely due to nutritional deficiencies. PEFR results show poor respiratory fitness, which could improve with regular exercise. Further investigation is needed to determine the health patterns and nutritional status of female students.
Understanding the voltaic cell-like nature of moist cellulose thread through the development of a modified version of J.C. Bose’s strain cell: A crucial property for cellulose-based biomedical sensors
Authors: Shibsankar Roy  , Barnini Bhattacharya  , Bijay Bal  , Rajen Haldar  , Kuntal Ghosh
Published: February 2025

Cellulose is considered an important material for biomedical sensor development. In the recent past, several experiments have been conducted to explore several advantageous properties of cellulose for use in biomedical engineering. To investigate the electrical properties of a material, using laboratory-based electrochemical cells is considered a simple technique. It is known that ideally, there should not exist any potential difference (P.D.) between two identical wires obtained from the same piece of metal when connected in the form of an electrochemical cell, with water as the electrolyte. However, in the year 1900, Acharya J.C. Bose had experimentally proved through his Strain Cell instrument that even when two identical metallic pieces, in the form of electrodes obtained from the same metal wire (immersed in water), are connected to a sensitive galvanometer, there exists a minute P.D. between them. In recent times, various experiments have been conducted to develop low-cost modified galvanic cells using cotton salt bridges. In view of this, first, a modified strain cell setup was developed in the laboratory to repeat J.C. Bose’s experiment, and then a single electrode was replaced with moist cotton thread as a stable source of cellulose, connected from electrode to electrolyte to check if there is any qualitative variation in the phenomenon. A similar stable peak voltage, though of a different value as compared to that obtained in the original modified Strain Cell setup, was recorded, thereby confirming a voltaic-cell-like property of the moist cotton thread as well. Identification of such peculiar properties of cellulose in the form of moist cotton-based voltaic cells may help in the development of various types of cellulose-based biomedical sensors.
Altered Osteoprotegerin/RANKL Ratio Contributes to Primary Liver Dysfunction and Bone Loss in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Insights into Extra-Articular Manifestations
Authors: Acharjee Shukdeb , Das Manash , Deb Subankar , Sarkar Avik , Ghosh Chinmoy , Bhattacharjee Surajit
Published: February 2025

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by sustained systemic inflammation, leading to joint damage and extra-articular manifestations, such as liver dysfunction. Hypothesis: Reduced osteoprotegerin (OPG) and increased receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) levels in RA contribute to primary liver dysfunction. Materials and Methods: A total of 284 female RA patients and 78 healthy controls were included. RA patients were categorized into low (LDA), moderate (MDA), and high disease activity (HDA) groups based on disease activity scores (DAS-28). Serum levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), OPG, and RANKL were measured through ELISA. Liver function tests, bone mineral density (BMD), and histological analyses were performed. Results: Serum IL-18, TNF-α, and RANKL levels were significantly elevated, while OPG levels were reduced in RA patients, with the highest alterations observed in the HDA group. The OPG/RANKL ratio was inversely correlated with disease activity, liver enzyme levels, and positively correlated with BMD. Histological analysis revealed synovial inflammation and pannus formation, with increased expression of IL-18, TNF-α, and RANKL. RA patients exhibited abnormal liver function parameters, decreased BMD, and osteopenia/osteoporosis. Conclusion: Sustained inflammation in RA, characterized by altered OPG/RANKL homeostasis, contributes to primary liver dysfunction and bone loss, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for managing extra-articular manifestations.
A study on the association of demographical factors with the prevalence of diabetes in North Eastern states of India
Authors: Sandipan Paul  , Dulumoni Das  , Pranami Basak
Published: February 2025

Background: Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, is a growing epidemic in India. Diabetes has now become a major threat to most of the Indian household. The awareness for prevention of such metabolic disease is negligible among adults with sedentary lifestyles, and obesity is the prime culprit for it. Objective: The aim of the paper is to find an association of demographic factors with the prevalence of diabetes in India and its North Eastern states. Methodology: The data was collected from a cross-sectional study conducted by a longitudinal aging study in the year 2017 of 72,055 individuals aged 45 and above across India. The chi-square test and ANN model are used to study the impact of different demographic variables on the prevalence of diabetes in India and its North Eastern states. Results: Occupation, community, religion, sex, working status, caste, and marital status, and education are the demographic factors that are significantly associated with the prevalence of Diabetes in India. The best ANN model from those significant variables over the prevalence of diabetes is from Arunachal Pradesh, followed by Assam and Nagaland. Conclusion: Diabetes is a burden for a nation like India, but its prevention, treatment, and control are low among the adults of the Indian population, mostly who are married and employed in the government or private sectors.
Papermill publications - Editorial trouble: A first-hand experience
Authors: Das Arani , Nayak Prasunpriya
Published: February 2025

The academic contents are facing the threat of papermill attacks in recent years. The undue intrusions of these falsely prepared academic contents in the field of intellect arena are creating a menace in the current stakeholders of the academic field and also surely have long-lasting effects on society. The Indian Journal of Physiology and Allied Science has recently faced a huge manuscript submission within a span of a short period. The submissions and listed authors were affiliated with a single institute. All of these manuscripts were incomplete and were submitted through a single email address. The incident jeopardized the manuscript management system and challenged the editorial process of the journal. The current write-up is to make a record of the incident with scientific analyses so that the system can learn and remain better prepared for such attacks in the future.
مقدمة
Authors: إدارة التحرير
Published: February 2025

الإطار القانوني وحوكمة أداء المالية الإسلامية، ونقد التجربة باستمرار...كلها عوامل رئيسة لضمان استمرار المالية الإسلامية وازدهارها؛ فالتحسين المستمر المتولد عن النقد البناء والحوكمة الرشيدة، وبناء أدوات قياس دقيقة وفعالة هو السبيل الأنجع للمضي قدما في المالية الإسلامية ومواكبة مستجداتها، وقد جاءت أبحاث هذا العدد في هذا الإطار ساعية لمواكبة حديث الساعة في المالية الإسلامية.
مرتكزات الشرط الجزائي بالبنوك التشاركية المغربية وأثرها في حوكمة التدبير المالي
Authors: فيري محمد
Published: February 2025

اتجهت هاته الورقة البحثية إلى مقاربة قضية في غاية الأهمية، لتعلق نتائجها بالأمة أفرادا وجماعات من جهة، وتعلقها بالمسألة الاقتصادية التي تعد مفصلا مركزيا من مفاصل استقلال الأمة واستمرار تنميتها من جهة ثانية، تلك هي قضية حوكمة البنوك، بغية الوصول إلى سلامة المعاملات البنكية، وهو ما جعل الورقة البحثية تتجه إلى جزئية مفصلية في ضمان استقرار المعاملات البنكية ومعالجة المخاطر الائتمانية الناتجة عن التماطل في سداد الديون، من خلال الشرط الجزائي. وقد انطلقت الورقة من حاجة ملحة وواقعية إذ إن المشرع المغربي وإن كان قد نص على التعويض عن الضرر، فإنه لم ينص على الشرط الجزائي سواء أكان محل الالتزام دينا أم عملا، كما لم يحدد المشرع المغربي نوع الضرر الفعلي المعّوض عنه للبنك، وإنما نص عليه بصيغة العموم التي تحتمل تأويلات مختلفة، وتقصُر عن حماية حقوق البنوك التشاركية في حالة تراخي العملاء عن أداء المستحقات الثابتة في ذمتهم، كما أنها ستضيق مجال التعامل لدى البنك التشاركي وتجعله غير منفتح على مختلف شرائح المجتمع من أشخاص موظفين وغير موظفين، أو مؤسسات حكومية وغير حكومية خوفا من المماطلة. ولذلك فقد ناقشت هذه الدراسة مشروعية الشرط الجزائي، وأبرزت أهميته من خلال عدد من المرتكزات التي تتغيا محاولة الإقناع بضرورته العملية في إحكام وتطوير المعاملات المالية بالبنوك التشاركية المغربية بهدف تحقيق حوكمة التدبير المالي بالبنوك التشاركية لتخلص إلى اقتراح تضمين صيغة الشرط الجزائي إلى الإطار القانوني المنظم للبنوك التشاركية باعتبارها أحد الوسائل المبتكرة الكفيلة بضمان تنفيذ العقود واستقرار المعاملات المالية، والساعية إلى ترسيخ مبادئ الحوكمة ومواجهة الأزمات وإدارة المخاطر المحتملة.
Modeling the influence of digital technical competence in animation creation on employability of vocational high school animation students using PLS-SEM
Authors: Mardi Mardi , Ekohariadi Ekohariadi , Sutiadiningsih Any , Wibowo Theodorus Wiyanto , Suhartini Ratna
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the impact of digital technical competence in animation creation on the employability of vocational high school animation students using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The research highlights the importance of 21st-century skills, such as creativity, critical thinking, and collaboration, and their relevance to employability in digital industries. A survey conducted among 54 vocational students in Surabaya revealed that technical competencies, particularly in animation, significantly affect employability. The study’s model demonstrates strong validity and reliability, confirming that the development of digital technical skills in animation is crucial for improving students' readiness for the job market. Findings emphasize the necessity of integrating these competencies into education systems to prepare students for evolving industry demands.
Antitrust Concerns vis-a-vis Disruptive Innovation – Takeaways for Competition Commission of India
Authors: Kumar Sudhanshu , Gupta Garima
Published: February 2025

In the era of innovation, market dynamics have evolved demanding a more nuanced analysis of market competition. Innovation in digital economy does promise new products and services but it can be an amiable reality only if it is directed towards ensuring consumer welfare and a free markets space for players. Since digital markets attract innovators and disruptors, it is important for antitrust regulators to differentiate between efforts directed towards value-creation and ones aimed at destroying or impeding the same. This paper aims at theorizing around the idea of ‘disruptive innovation’ and its implications for competition policy for India. The paper while acknowledging the pro-competitive benefits of disruptive innovation, elaborates on the fact that incumbents or potential players may in some situations clothe a business strategy as ‘disruptive’ in order to evade anti-trust scrutiny. Further, practices such as rent-seeking or killer acquisitions may be adopted in order to create barriers for new players or for driving out existing players which have a strong potential of disrupting the market by offering new products or services and thereby creating a new demand, altogether. Considering the fact that an antirust regulator in such situations needs to avoid false positives and false negatives while also ensuring continued innovation, the paper deliberates upon the need to evolve fundamental strategies for antitrust assessment. Reliance has been placed upon the developments in other jurisdictions such as the European Union and United States in order to identify certain key takeaways for the Competition Commission of India (‘CCI’). While CCI in the recent past has made tremendous efforts in evolving its assessment to better suit digital markets, certain fundamental understandings around which an assessment revolves also demand evolution. In this light, the paper intends to provide some level of guidance to assess complex situations demanding antitrust assessment in a manner that should not lead to chilling effects on innovation.
Conceptualising India’s Safe Harbour in the Era of Platform Governance
Authors: Devadasan Vasudev
Published: February 2025

The push for greater regulation of online platforms has led to calls to re-evaluate the statutory immunities granted to online intermediaries for hosting unlawful third-party content (i.e., safe harbour). This paper argues that greater accountability for online platforms need not interfere with existing (and indeed strengthened) safe harbour protections. However, to achieve this outcome, legislators must recognise the difference in enforcement approaches between secondary liability and platform governance regimes. This paper argues the types of obligations that can be imposed as pre-conditions to safe harbour are different from those that can be imposed as direct statutory obligations. This is because secondary liability is enforced through individual suits against individual pieces of content while direct statutory obligations are continual and apply to all content on and all procedures of a platform. Relying on the principles of secondary liability, this paper outlines the types of obligations that can be meaningfully enforced (and those that cannot) using the tool of secondary liability. Using India’s Intermediary Guidelines as a case study, this paper highlights the importance of matching their type of obligation to the appropriate enforcement mechanism (e.g., transparency mandates cannot be imposed as pre-conditions to safe harbour) and the risks to both free speech and platform accountability of failing to do so. Recognising the difference between how secondary liability and direct statutory duties operate should lead to a reassessment of arguments that call for a dilution of safe harbour in the name of greater platform accountability. The paper concludes that intelligent statutory design can distinguish between the obligations that can be imposed as pre-conditions to safe harbour and those that ought to be direct statutory duties, allowing legislators to achieve greater transparency and accountability from platforms while retaining (and even strengthening) existing safe harbour protections.
PENERAPAN SISTEM MOBILE UGT DALAM MENINGKATKAN FREKUENSI TRANSAKSI DI BMT UGT CABANG GADANG KOTA MALANG
Authors: Cita Astri Agustin  , Adira Nur Fatikasari  , Sherly Eky Pratiwi  , Abdillah Ubaidi
Published: February 2025

This research was conducted using a descriptive qualitative approach. Data was collected through observation and interviews. The data sources for this research are BMT employees in the AOSP and AOAP divisions and BMT UGT Nusantara Capem Gadang customers. The results of this research show that implementing the Mobile UGT system increases the number of transactions carried out at BMT UGT Nusantara Capem Gadang. This method is based on theories about service quality indicators, such as accountability, transaction efficiency, customer assistance, service security, ease of use, and performance. However, there is an obstacle that customers often face, namely the Mobile UGT system which requires a connection to the internet network, if the network is not available then transactions can suddenly fail. The Mobile UGT system also helps institutions synchronize field data with that in the system. The number of customers and transaction frequency increases every year showing customer interest in Mobile UGT.
Study on the Relationship between Anatomical Structure and Drought Resistance of Six Prunus persica
Authors: Chujie Zhang , Zahra Aqsa E , Mastoi Abdul Hafeez , Alam Aitazaz , Amjad Aqsa , Masoom Muhammad , Rasool Muhammad Wajahat , Ahmed Mian Muhammad , Rehmani Urooj , Saleem Muhammad , Conglin Xi
Published: February 2025

Six main peach tree varieties in Shanxi Province were selected as the test materials. Branches of six peach tree varieties were sectionized in paraffin, and their anatomical structures were observed and analyzed. Anatomical structure characteristics such as epidermal thickness, thickness of thick horn tissue, vascular bundle, ratio of xylem to stem area, and number of catheterization were selected as evaluation indexes for drought resistance. The method of fuzzy mathematical membership function analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate its drought resistance. The results showed that the drought resistance of six main peach tree varieties were as follows: Pinggu 14> Qinwang> Jinyumi> Jinhongmi> Hongfenghuang, thus providing scientific reference for the breeding and management of peach tree varieties in our province.
Anàlisi didàctica dels continguts curriculars relacionats amb les plantes a educació primària
Authors: Sambola Figueras Anna Maria
Published: February 2025

L’article analitza la concreció dels sabers relacionats amb l’aprenentatge de les plantes del currículum català actual (Decret 175/2022) a través de la seva comparació amb els Mapes de Desenvolupament Conceptual de Ciències (Departament d’Educació de Victòria, Austràlia, 2001). L’estructura del document i la descripció dels continguts poden afavorir la seva interpretació per part dels docents i, per tant, la seva posada en pràctica a les aules. La formulació dels sabers de manera concisa i progressiva pot facilitar la programació vertical dels aprenentatges i garantir així una programació de les ciències coherent i competencial al llarg dels cursos d’educació primària a les escoles.
The relationship between lesion volume, oligoclonal bands, and cerebrospinal fluid/serum albumin ratio in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Tarhan Güllü , Akbağra Kaya Burçe , Akıner Arif Musab , Yılmaz Yaren Betül , Domaç Saime Füsun
Published: February 2025

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between the presence of oligoclonal bands (OCB) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), immunoglobulin G (IgG) index, CSF/serum albumin ratio, demyelinating lesions (number and volume), and brain atrophy in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Patients and methods: A total of 47 patients diagnosed with MS, with OCB type 1 (n=21; 14 females, 7 males; median age: 34 years; range, 21 to 58 years) and type 2 (n=26; 20 females, 6 males; median age: 31 years; range, 20 to 53 years) detected, were retrospectively examined between July 2022 and July 2023. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, the number, volume, and distribution (periventricular, subcortical, juxtacortical, or infratentorial) of demyelinating lesions, and lesion burden were compared. The presence of atrophy in the cerebrum, cerebral gray matter, cerebellum, and brainstem at baseline, and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores at baseline, were recorded.

Results: The IgG index was statistically significantly higher in patients with OCB type 2 compared to type 1 (p<0.05), irrespective of whether it exceeded 0.70. No significant associations were found between OCB types and CSF/serum albumin ratio, baseline EDSS scores, and baseline total demyelinating lesion volume and distribution (p>0.05). A moderate positive correlation was observed between IgG index and periventricular lesion volume (r=0.507, p<0.05). No significant correlation was found between any two of the other parameters. Among individuals with OCB type 1, atrophy was observed in the total cerebrum (47%), total cerebral gray matter (38%), cerebellum (4.7%), and brainstem (28.5%). Among individuals with OCB type 2, atrophy was observed in the total cerebrum (69%), total cerebral gray matter (26%), cerebellum (4.7%), and brainstem (15.3%). However, atrophy was not directly associated with CSF biomarkers or EDSS score.

Conclusion: The association between the volume of periventricular lesions (PVL) and the IgG index suggests that this may be related to proximity to cerebrospinal fluid; however, the number of PVLs does not seem to provide additional diagnostic information. The detection of brain atrophy in most patients has highlighted the need for more comprehensive disease severity scales to evaluate the location and clinical implications of atrophy in MS.
More Than Legislation: The Strategic Benefits and Incentives for Companies to Implement the Digital Product Passport
Authors: Haase Louise Moller , Lythje Line Sand , Skouboe Esben Bala , Petersen Morten Lund
Published: February 2025

Digital Product Passports (DPP) are recognised as a crucial component in advancing the circular economy as well as the EU’s strategic autonomy and supply chain security. DPP aims to provide all stakeholders with extensive information about a product’s makeup and environmental footprint during its production, usage, and end-of-life stages, encouraging sustainable product design, reusability, repairability, and waste reduction. However, we argue that exploring the incentives for businesses, particularly the strategic advantages that could motivate businesses to adopt DPP, beyond mere compliance is necessary.
This study develops the concept of DPP as a strategic capability by contributing with a framework for developing new DPP services that 1) strengthen companies’ relationships with their customers, 2) sustain and accentuate the companies' values and competencies, and 3) generate new competitive advantage in the market. The framework for developing new DDP services is tested in the furniture company Fritz Hansen A/S to illustrate the strategic advantages and incentives to adopt DPP, that these services generate. The study indicates that developing DPP services could be a way to speed up the implementation process.
Law Enforcement on Illegal Watershed Cultivation in Simalungun Regency
Authors: Siahaan Richard , Zulyadi Rizkan , Isnaini Isnaini
Published: February 2025

Law enforcement against illegal cultivation in the Watershed area is a significant challenge, especially in Simalungun Regency. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of law enforcement against illegal cultivation, the obstacles faced, and the policies needed to overcome these problems. The research method used is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, field observations, and document studies. The results of the study show that law enforcement efforts have been carried out through repressive approaches, such as joint operations and legal sanctions, as well as preventive approaches, such as socialization and education. However, its effectiveness is still hampered by limited resources, lack of coordination between agencies, resistance of local communities, and lack of accurate data related to watershed management. Some of the recommended strategic policies include capacity building for law enforcement officials, community empowerment through alternative livelihood programs, strengthening technology-based monitoring systems, and participatory approaches in policy formulation. The implementation of holistic and inclusive policies is expected to create a balance between environmental conservation and improving community welfare. This research emphasizes that sustainable watershed management requires synergy between legal, social, and technological approaches. Thus, law enforcement efforts are not only able to overcome legal problems but also build collective awareness to preserve the environment.