bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Model‐based Bayesian inference under computer assisted balance‐improving designs
Authors: Zhang Junni L. , Johansson Per
Published: June 2022

To improve covariate balance over a complete randomization, a number of methods have been proposed recently to utilize modern computational capabilities to find allocations with balance in observed covariates. Asymptotic inference on treatment effects based on these designs is more complicated than that under complete randomization, and this is why Fisher randomization tests often are suggested. This article suggests model‐based Bayesian inference as a general method of inference in these designs, which can deal with complications such as arbitrary covariate balancing criteria and complex estimands. As an illustration, we focus on the case when the outcome is linearly related to the covariates and the estimand of interest is the Sample Average Treatment Effect (SATE). We use a large Monte Carlo simulation to compare the finite sample performance of the model‐based Bayesian inference with that of two previous methods which are valid for asymptotic inference of SATE under Mahalanobis distance based rerandomization. We find that for experiments with small to moderate sample sizes, Bayesian inference is to be preferred to the previous methods. As a byproduct, we also find that regression adjustment together with small sample adjusted estimators of standard errors perform better than the previous methods.
Ultrasonic Cell Grinder Extraction of Cyperenoic Acid from Crotonis Crassifolii Radix and the Activity Assay of the Extract
Authors: Liu Meng , Jiang Hailong , An Yide , Lin Yunliang , Gao Binghong
Published: June 2022

It is of great significance to achieve a high‐value usage of Chinese medicine residues. This study developed a green ultrasonic cell grinder extraction (UCGE) method has been developed for cyperenoic acid extraction from water decocted Crotonis Crassifolii Radix. The response surface methodology was introduced for the experimental design. The optimum conditions were as follows: 52 % ethanol concentration, 28 : 1 mL/g ratio of solution‐to‐solid, 500 W extraction power, and 28 min extraction time. Anti‐inflammatory test was performed to investigate the medicinal uses of the extract from the herb residue. The microstructure of the extracted samples was also investigated using scanning electron microscopy to understand the extraction mechanism. A higher extraction yield of 1.016 mg/g and better anti‐inflammatory activity were obtained under UCGE compared to a conventional solvent extraction. Meanwhile, the sample structure was seriously damaged by UCGE. The results show that UCGE is a promising green and efficient technology for extracting functional components, and has great potential in recycling waste resources.
An Efficient One‐Pot Pseudo Five‐Component Synthesis of Bis‐heteroarylaminomethylnaphthoquinone Mannich Bases from Lawsone
Authors: Olyaei Abolfazl , Abediha Shohreh , Sadeghpour Mahdieh , Adl Alireza
Published: June 2022

A new series of bis‐heteroarylaminomethylnaphthoquinone Mannich bases have been synthesized through facial and efficient one‐pot pseudo five‐component reactions of lawsone, different heteroaryl amines and terephthaldehyde using p‐TSA as catalyst in CH3CN under reflux conditions. The high yields of products, very simple operation, readily available starting materials, high atom‐economy, easy workup procedure and isolation/purification of target products without chromatography are the main benefits of this synthetic strategy.
Application of 2D Materials in Hardware Security for Internet‐of‐Things: Progress and Perspective
Authors: Xiang Heng , Chien Yu-Chieh , Shi Yufei , Ang Kah-Wee
Published: June 2022

Internet‐of‐Things (IoT) is a ubiquitous network that features a tremendous amount of data and myriads of heterogeneous devices, which are interconnected and accessible or controllable anywhere and anytime. The security of IoT is therefore unequivocally crucial in several aspects, such as device‐to‐device communication, sensing and actuating, and information exchange. Conventional cryptographic algorithms and silicon‐based security primitives are constantly challenged by evolving methods of attack. By far, many efforts and achievements have been made using 2D materials for various electronics applications. Therefore, it is plausible to explore the implementation of hardware security using 2D materials, for example, true random number generators (TRNGs), physical unclonable functions (PUFs), camouflage, and anticounterfeit. TRNGs and PUFs are critical elements of hardware security and are widely deployed in cryptographic keys, identification, and authentication. In contrast to conventional utilization of manufacturing variations, security primitives using 2D materials have other entropy sources to exploit, such as the random nature of material growth and intrinsic randomness in charge trapping/detrapping. In this review, research progresses in 2D material‐based TRNGs, PUFs, and other security applications are summarized, along with the discussion on entropy sources, reliability, circuit, and machine learning modeling attacks launched on TRNGs and PUFs.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks‐Derived Nickel–Iron Oxyhydroxide with Highly Active Edge Sites for Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Lan Bi-Liu , Shao Bing , Yang Fu-Jie , Pang Wei , Guo Zeping , Meng Ting , Zhang Zhong , Huang Jin
Published: June 2022

Accurate introduction of catalytic active sites to precise locations on the catalyst surface is a challenge in designing and synthesizing high‐efficiency catalysts. Herein, the α phase nickel–iron oxyhydroxide (α‐NiFeOxHy) rich of nickel active edge sites is electrochemically in situ generated from Fe‐square acid metal–organic framework precursor deposited on nickel‐containing electrode matrixes, which revealed superior oxygen evolution reaction performance signified by an overpotential of 167 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline electrolytes. Notably, the as‐prepared metal oxyhydroxide exhibits long‐term electrochemical durability in 10 mA cm−2 for over 1080 h. By integrating the electrochemical evidence, Mössbauer spectroscopy, X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations, the nickel species enriched on the exposed edge facet of the as‐synthesized α‐NiFeOxHy are proposed to be the highly catalytic active site. This study provides an expedient and energy‐efficient approach to in situ electrochemical fabrication of high‐performance NiFeOxHy oxygen evolution reaction catalysts from metal‐organic frameworks.
A Fine‐Grained Geolocalization Method for User Generated Short Text
Authors: Zhang Yinyin , Li Yongjun , Ji Wenli , Wang Siqi
Published: June 2022

Recently, the fine‐grained geolocalization of User‐Generated Short Text (UGST) has been increasingly attracting much attention. Accurate geolocation can benefit many applications, especially for the location‐based services. However, since the majority of UGSTs are short, noisy and not geotagged, existing methods still suffer from two issues. One is the heavy reliance on the manual features not fully exploiting the semantic information. Another is the free writing style of social media resulting in extremely few useful geo‐indicative information. To address these issues, we propose a novel Fine‐grained Geolocalization method for UGSTs with Preprocessing, location‐entity consistency Replacing, Filtering, Convolutional neural network (FG‐PRFC), which only relies on UGST itself. Compared to existing methods, FG‐PRFC has four unique characteristics: (1) We present a UGST‐oriented preprocessing method to obtain more semantic information. (2) To tackle the abbreviation issue, we develop a replacing method to allow geo‐indicative words behaving in the same way. (3) Following the idea of TFIDF, we weight the words in UGST and then develop a location‐free UGST filtering method. (4) We employ convolutional neural network to model the relationship between words and locations. Extensive experiments on three ground‐truth datasets demonstrate that our method has a significant improvement compared to state‐of‐art methods. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound signs for detecting adnexal torsion: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Garde I. , Paredes C. , Ventura L. , Pascual M. A. , Ajossa S. , Guerriero S. , Vara J. , Linares M. , Alcázar J. L.
Published: June 2022

Objective

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of different ultrasound signs for diagnosing adnexal torsion, using surgery as the reference standard.

Methods

This was a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies published between January 1990 and November 2021 evaluating ovarian edema, adnexal mass, ovarian Doppler flow findings, the whirlpool sign and pelvic fluid as ultrasound signs (index tests) for detecting adnexal torsion, using surgical findings as the reference standard. The search for studies was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, The Cochrane Library,
ClinicalTrials.gov and Web of Science databases. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies‐2 (QUADAS‐2) tool was used to evaluate the quality of the studies. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were calculated separately, and the post‐test probability of adnexal torsion following a positive or negative test was also determined.

Results

The search identified 1267 citations after excluding duplicates. Eighteen studies were ultimately included in the qualitative and quantitative syntheses. Eight studies (809 patients) analyzed the presence of ovarian edema, eight studies (1044 patients) analyzed the presence of an adnexal mass, 14 studies (1742 patients) analyzed ovarian Doppler flow, six studies (545 patients) analyzed the whirlpool sign and seven studies (981 patients) analyzed the presence of pelvic fluid as ultrasound signs of adnexal torsion. Overall, the quality of most studies was considered to be moderate or good. However, there was a high risk of bias in the patient‐selection and index‐text domains (with the exception of the whirlpool sign) in a significant proportion of studies. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios of each ultrasound sign were 58%, 86%, 4.0 and 0.49 for ovarian edema, 69%, 46%, 1.3 and 0.67 for adnexal mass, 65%, 91%, 7.6 and 0.38 for the whirlpool sign, 53%, 95%, 11.0 and 0.49 for ovarian Doppler findings and 55%, 69%, 1.7 and 0.66 for pelvic fluid. Heterogeneity was high for all analyses.

Conclusions

The presence of an adnexal mass or pelvic fluid have poor diagnostic accuracy as ultrasound signs of adnexal torsion, while the presence of ovarian edema, the whirlpool sign and decreased or absent ovarian Doppler flow have good specificity but moderate sensitivity for detecting adnexal torsion. © 2022 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Neuromyotonia, myokymia and spinocerebellar ataxia in two Patterdale terrier littermates
Authors: Fisher Chloe , Liebel Francois
Published: June 2022

Two Patterdale terrier siblings presented with a progressive history of a spinocerebellar ataxia present from 15 weeks of age. Both dogs had daily episodes of myokymia affecting all four limbs. The female dog had a history of three neuromyotonic attacks and was euthanased due to extreme hyperthermia during one attack. Both were homozygous for the genetic mutation of the KCNJ10 gene, which was previously reported in the Jack Russell terrier. This case highlights the clinical reasoning of abnormal gaits and abnormal episodes. This is the first report of this mutation in the Patterdale terrier.
Naturally occurring Senna spp. toxicity in an Angus crossbred calf
Authors: Yin Ji‐Hang , Martinez Rodriguez David , Chamorro Manuel F. , Dillard Leanne , Cattley Russell
Published: June 2022

Ingestion of certain plants belonging to the genus Senna in animals can cause a rapidly progressive disease with myonecrosis. Natural senna intoxication was suspected in cattle that were grazing on contaminated pasture. Three calves presented with clinical signs of acute illness, characterised by sternal recumbency and absent patellar and withdrawal reflexes. Senna obtusifolia and Senna occidentalis plants were found in the grazing pastures. Serum biochemistry levels of creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase were higher than the reference ranges. Major pathologic findings included multifocal pale tan and dry skeletal muscle with severe segmental monophasic myonecrosis. Senna seeds were identified in the ruminal contents. A diagnosis of Senna intoxication was made given the clinical history and the compatible clinicopathological and pathologic findings. In addition, Senna plants in the pasture along with the Senna seeds were found in the ruminal contents in the affected heifer.
MEUF for removal and recovery of valuable organic components present in effluents: A process intensified technology
Authors: Das Pallabi , Sharma Ankita , Singh Yash , Upadhyay Sidhidatri , Verma Shikha
Published: June 2022

In recent years, the domain of the research space in novel separation process has been led by membrane systems as a panacea providing multifarious benefits of high separation efficiency, elimination of extreme process conditions, sustainability, and environment friendliness coupled with high operational flexibility. In this niche area, often, ultrafiltration is touted as a robust separation technique due to its high separation efficiency, membrane stability, and lower operating costs. The only drawback of relatively large pore size can be overcome by combining surfactant addition, leading to development of integrated processes termed as Micellar Enhanced Ultrafiltration. MEUF processes isolate and selectively separate valuable organics present in effluent streams. The process characteristics fit the bill as a typified example for process intensification Technology interventions for recycling of surfactants can enhance the cost‐competitiveness of the process. This has the potential to develop into a broad‐spectrum effluent treatment option with a change of surfactants for target contaminants. Here, in this review, we attempt to critically examine the unique features of this technology, development of spin‐offs with wide‐ranging applications. Specifically applications in removal of hazardous, and persistent components like dissolved organics have been critically studied. The focus was to highlight the crux of the novel technologies highlighting the efficacy and the underlying concept of process intensification.

Practitioner Points

Role of MEUF as a sustainable process intensifying separation technique for removal and recovery of organics.

Novel process development using MEUF.

Comparative performance analysis to assess efficacy.

Discussions on future integrative process development.

Sustainability aspect of MEUF with possibility of byproduct recovery.
Synthesis and properties of a new vanadium benzene‐1,3‐diphosphonate
Authors: Steinke Felix , Stock Norbert
Published: June 2022

The use of the linker molecule benzene‐1,3‐diphosphonic acid (H4L) and V4+‐ions in a hydrothermal synthesis without further additives led to the discovery of a new coordination polymer of composition [(VO)2(H2O)4(L)] ⋅ 2H2O. The structure of the compound was solved by direct methods from powder X‐ray diffraction data and refined using the Rietveld method. The compound was thoroughly characterized showing a reversible amorphization upon reduced pressure or high temperatures. A potential porosity was calculated, but could not be verified by H2O‐adsorption experiments.
Spectral form factor for free large N gauge theory and strings
Authors: Chen Yiming
Published: June 2022

Abstract

We investigate the spectral form factor in two different systems, free large N gauge theories and highly excited string gas. In both cases, after a rapid decay of the spectral form factor at early time, new contributions come in, preventing the spectral form factor from ever becoming exponentially small. We consider U(N) gauge theories with only adjoint matter and compute the spectral form factor using a matrix integral of the thermal holonomy U. The new saddles differ from the early time saddle by preserving certain subgroups of the center symmetry. For a gas of strings, the short time decay of the spectral form factor is governed by the continuous Hagedorn density of states, which can be associated to the thermal winding mode with winding number ±1. We show that the rise of the spectral form factor comes from other winding modes that also carry momentum along the time direction. We speculate on the existence of a family of classical solutions for these string modes, similar to the Horowitz-Polchinski solution.

We review a similar problem for black holes. In particular, we examine the Kontsevich-Segal criterion on complex black holes that contribute to the spectral form factor. In the canonical ensemble quantity Z(β + it), the black hole becomes unallowed at t ~ $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(β). A way to avoid this is to consider the microcanonical ensemble, where the black hole stays allowable.
Aspects of Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity in Anti-de Sitter and de Sitter spacetime
Authors: Moitra Upamanyu , Sake Sunil Kumar , Trivedi Sandip P.
Published: June 2022

Abstract

We discuss JT gravity in AdS and dS space in the second order formalism. For the pure dS JT theory without matter, we show that the path integral gives rise in general to the Hartle-Hawking wave function which describes an arbitrary number of disconnected universes produced by tunnelling “from nothing”, or to transition amplitudes which describe the tunnelling of an initial state consisting of several contracting universes to a final state of several expanding universes. These processes can be described by a hologram consisting of Random Matrix Theory (RMT) or, we suggest, after some modification on the gravity side, by a hologram with the RMT being replaced by SYK theory. In the presence of matter, we discuss the double trumpet path integral and argue that with suitable twisted boundary conditions, a divergence in the moduli space integral can be avoided and the system can tunnel from a contracting phase to an expanding one avoiding a potential big bang/big crunch singularity. The resulting spectrum of quantum perturbations which are produced can exhibit interesting departures from scale invariance. We also show that the divergence in moduli space can be avoided for suitable correlators which involve different boundaries in the AdS/dS cases, and suggest that a hologram consisting of the SYK theory with additional matter could get rid of these divergences in general. Finally, we analyse the AdS double trumpet geometry and show that going to the micro-canonical ensemble instead of the canonical one, for the spectral form factor, does not get rid of the divergence in moduli space.
Renormalization group flows for track function moments
Authors: Jaarsma Max , Li Yibei , Moult Ian , Waalewijn Wouter , Zhu Hua Xing
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Track functions describe the collective effect of the fragmentation of quarks and gluons into charged hadrons, making them a key ingredient for jet substructure measurements at hadron colliders, where track-based measurements offer superior angular resolution. The first moment of the track function, describing the average energy deposited in charged particles, is a simple and well-studied object. However, measurements of higher-point correlations of energy flow necessitate a characterization of fluctuations in the hadronization process, described theoretically by higher moments of the track function. In this paper we derive the structure of the renormalization group (RG) evolution equations for track function moments. We show that energy conservation gives rise to a shift symmetry that allows the evolution equations to be written in terms of cumulants, κ(N), and the difference between the first moment of quark and gluon track functions, ∆. The uniqueness of the first three cumulants then fixes their all-order evolution to be DGLAP, up to corrections involving powers of ∆, that are numerically suppressed by an effective order in the perturbative expansion for phenomenological track functions. However, at the fourth cumulant and beyond there is non-trivial RG mixing into products of cumulants such as κ(4) into κ(2)2. We analytically compute the evolution equations up to the sixth moment at $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
($$ {\alpha}_s^2 $$

α
s
2

), and study the associated RG flows. These results allow for the study of up to six-point correlations in energy flow using tracks, paving the way for precision jet substructure at the LHC.
UV divergences, RG equations and high energy behaviour of the amplitudes in the Wess-Zumino model with quartic interaction
Authors: Bork L. V. , Kazakov D. I.
Published: June 2022

Abstract

We analyse the UV divergences for the scattering amplitudes in the Wess-Zumino SUSY model with the quartic superpotential. We argue that the only divergent amplitudes are those with four external legs. Within the superfield formalism, we calculate the corresponding Feynman diagrams and evaluate their leading divergences up to 4 loop order of PT. Then we construct recurrence relations that connect the leading UV divergences in subsequent orders of perturbation theory. These recurrence relations allow us to calculate the leading divergences in a pure algebraic way starting from the one loop contribution. We check that the obtained relations correctly reproduce the lower order diagrams evaluated explicitly. At last, we convert the recurrence relations into the RG equations that have integro-differential form. Solving these equations for a particular sequence of diagrams, we find out the high energy behaviour of the amplitude. We then argue that the full amplitude has a similar behaviour with the key feature of the existence of a pole in the s-channel corresponding to a state with a mass ∼ 1/g, where g is the original dimensionfull coupling of the theory. We find out the this state is actually a ghost one similar to the Landau pole in scalar theory.
At the end of the world: Local Dynamical Cobordism
Authors: Angius Roberta , Calderón-Infante José , Delgado Matilda , Huertas Jesús , Uranga Angel M.
Published: June 2022

Abstract

The Cobordism Conjecture states that any Quantum Gravity configuration admits, at topological level, a boundary ending spacetime. We study the dynamical realization of cobordism, as spacetime dependent solutions of Einstein gravity coupled to scalars containing such end-of-the-world ‘branes’. The latter appear in effective theory as a singularity at finite spacetime distance at which scalars go off to infinite field space distance. We provide a local description near the end-of-the-world branes, in which the solutions simplify dramatically and are characterized in terms of a critical exponent, which controls the asymptotic profiles of fields and the universal scaling relations among the spacetime distance to the singularity, the field space distance, and the spacetime curvature. The analysis does not rely on supersymmetry. We study many explicit examples of such Local Dynamical Cobordisms in string theory, including 10d massive IIA, the 10d non-supersymmetric USp(32) theory, Bubbles of Nothing, 4d 𝒩 = 1 cosmic string solutions, the Klebanov-Strassler throat, Dp-brane solutions, brane configurations related to the D1/D5 systems, and small black holes. Our framework encompasses diverse recent setups in which scalars diverge at the core of defects, by regarding them as suitable end-of-the-world branes. We explore the interplay of Local Dynamical Cobordisms with the Distance Conjecture and other swampland constraints.
Sumsets and Projective Curves
Authors: Elias J.
Published: June 2022

The aim of this note is to exploit a new relationship between additive combinatorics and the geometry of monomial projective curves. We associate to a finite set of non-negative integers $$A=\{a_1,\ldots , a_n\}$$

A
=
{

a
1

,
…
,

a
n

}

a monomial projective curve $$C_A\subset \mathbb P^{n-1}_{{\mathbf {k}}}$$

C
A

⊂

P
k

n
-
1

such that the Hilbert function of $$C_A$$

C
A

and the cardinalities of $$sA:=\{a_{i_1}+\cdots +a_{i_s}\mid 1\le i_1\le \cdots \le i_s\le n\}$$

s
A
:
=
{

a

i
1

+
⋯
+

a

i
s

∣
1
≤

i
1

≤
⋯
≤

i
s

≤
n
}

agree. The singularities of $$C_A$$

C
A

determines the asymptotic behaviour of |sA|, equivalently the Hilbert polynomial of $$C_A$$

C
A

, and the asymptotic structure of sA. We show that some additive inverse problems can be translate to the rigidity of Hilbert polynomials and we improve an upper bound of the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of monomial projective curves by using results of additive combinatorics.
Linearization of elasticity models for incompressible materials
Authors: Mainini Edoardo , Percivale Danilo
Published: June 2022

We obtain linear elasticity as$$\Gamma $$Γ-limit of finite elasticity under incompressibility assumption and Dirichlet boundary conditions. The result is shown for a large class of energy densities for rubber-like materials.
Identification of the hazelnut cultivar in raw kernels and in semi-processed and processed products
Authors: Giulia Talucci , Vallauri Giulia , Pavese Vera , Valentini Nadia , Ruffa Paola , Botta Roberto , Torello Marinoni Daniela
Published: June 2022

The request for an efficient traceability system able to identify hazelnut cultivars along the entire processing chain is becoming a critical point for avoiding fraudulent practices and safeguarding the interests of growers, food processors and consumers. In this study, DNA was extracted from different hazelnut matrices, including plant material (leaf, kernel and kernel episperm), and processed foods (paste, grain, flour and different types of snacks containing hazelnuts). The efficiency of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers was tested to identify the hazelnut cultivar ‘Tonda Gentile’ in all the supply chain. The analysis at 10 SSR loci was able to verify the presence/absence of the alleles of a declared cultivar contained in these matrices. The SSR analysis of DNA from raw episperm offers the possibility of identifying the mother cultivar and is suggested as an effective way to discover frauds since DNA analysis can be performed on individual kernels. For food matrices containing hazelnuts, the presence of the mother cultivar’s DNA can be assessed based on the identification of its alleles in the sample, although the presence of multiple alleles from the pollenizers makes the interpretation of results more difficult.
Does Water Quality Matter for Life Quality? A Study of the Impact of Water Quality on Well-being in a Coastal Community
Authors: Gunko Ruslan , Rapeli Lauri , Vuorisalo Timo , Scheinin Matias , Karell Patrik
Published: June 2022

Most studies of life quality are concentrated on a country-level scale, while local differences within a country or area are less studied. Thus, the effect of the environment on life quality on a local scale remains understudied and is often represented by one generalized common factor. In this study, we investigated the effect of an objectively measured environmental quality variable and subjective reflections of this (perceptions of environmental quality) in relation to life quality in a coastal community. Hence, we tested the effect of objective and subjective water quality measures using a model, accounting for other traditional variables (e.g., income and health) that predict life quality variations. Our findings indicate that perceptions of the environment are strongly associated with life quality, whereas objectively measured environmental quality is associated with life quality to a lesser extent. Thus, our results suggest that the impact of the environment on life quality is mediated via the way the environment is perceived (psychological effects) and less by the actual conditions of the environment.
Can false denials turn fact into fiction? The effect of false denials on memory for self-performed actions
Authors: Bücken Charlotte A. , Otgaar Henry , Mangiulli Ivan , Ramakers Niki , Merckelbach Harald
Published: June 2022

We examined the mnemonic effects of falsely denying a self-performed action. Specifically, participants (N = 30) performed, imagined, or received no instruction about 24 action statements (e.g., “cross your arms”). Next, their memory for whether they had performed, imagined, or did nothing (i.e., received no instructions) with these actions was tested. Subsequently, participants were instructed to repeatedly deny an action they had performed (false denial) and to repeatedly claim to have performed an action they had only imagined (false admission). In a final sorting memory task, 54% (n = 16) of participants erroneously indicated, after false admissions, that they had performed the imagined action. None of the participants indicated that they had only imagined an action after false denials, showing that it might be difficult to forget a performed action, even after repeatedly denying it. The current experiment sets the stage for future research to investigate why it seems to be difficult to forget performed actions.
Functional connectivity correlates of reduced goal-directed behaviors in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Godefroy Valérie , Batrancourt Bénédicte , Charron Sylvain , Bouzigues Arabella , Bendetowicz David , Carle Guilhem , Rametti-Lacroux Armelle , Bombois Stéphanie , Cognat Emmanuel , Migliaccio Raffaella , Levy Richard
Published: June 2022

We explored the resting state functional connectivity correlates of apathy assessed as a multidimensional construct, using behavioral metrics, in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). We recorded the behavior of 20 bvFTD patients and 16 healthy controls in a close-to-real-life situation including a free phase (FP—in which actions were self-initiated) and a guided phase (GP—in which initiation of actions was facilitated by external guidance). We investigated the activity time and walking episode features as quantifiers of apathy. We used the means ((FP + GP)/2) and the differences (FP-GP) calculated for these metrics as well as measures by questionnaires to extract apathy dimensions by factor analysis. We assessed two types of fMRI-based resting state connectivity measures (local activity and seed-based connectivity) and explored their relationship with extracted apathy dimensions. Apathy in bvFTD was associated with lower time spent in activity combined with walking episodes of higher frequency, lower acceleration and higher duration. Using these behavioral metrics and apathy measures by questionnaires, we disentangled two dimensions: the global reduction of goal-directed behaviors and the specific deficit of self-initiation. Global apathy was associated with lower resting state activity within prefrontal cortex and lower connectivity of salience network hubs while the decrease in self-initiation was related to increased connectivity of parietal default-mode network hubs. Through a novel dimensional approach, we dissociated the functional connectivity correlates of global apathy and self-initiation deficit. We discussed in particular the role of the modified connectivity of lateral parietal cortex in the volitional process.
The prognostic role of PSMD14 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Schnoell Julia , Scheiflinger Alexandra , Al-Gboore Sega , Kadletz-Wanke Lorenz , Kenner Lukas , Heiduschka Gregor , Jank Bernhard J.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

PSMD14 is an essential protein for proteasomal degradation. Inhibition of this protein disrupts homeostasis and inhibits cancer cell viability. Overexpression of PSMD14 was associated with advanced cancer characteristics and a worse prognosis in various carcinomas. This study aimed to analyze PSMD14 copy number variation, mRNA and protein expression in HNSCC, and its role as an independent prognostic biomarker.

Methods

PSMD14 mRNA expression and copy number variations were analyzed in “The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)” in 510 patients. Protein expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry in a second cohort including 115 patients. PSMD14 levels were analyzed for correlation with clinicopathological data, overall and disease-free survival.

Results

PSMD14 mRNA expression and copy number variation were high in 44 and 50% of patients, respectively. Protein expression of PSMD14 was high in 56%. In both cohorts, high PSMD14 levels were associated with advanced staging. High PSMD14 mRNA expression was additionally associated with a worse prognosis in univariable analysis. However, after correction for possible confounders, PSMD14 mRNA was not an independent prognostic marker.

Conclusion

PSMD14 is commonly expressed in HNSCC patients and associated with advanced stages. High expression of PSMD14 mRNA was associated with a worse outcome. However, this may be a result of the association of PSMD14 with poor prognosticators. Based on our study, further evaluation of PSMD14 as a prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target is warranted.
Optimal design of fuzzy-PID controller for automatic generation control of multi-source interconnected power system
Authors: Barakat Mohamed
Published: June 2022

This paper suggests a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) structure from seven membership functions (MFs) and its input–output relationship rules to design a secondary controller to reduce load frequency control (LFC) issues. The FLC is coupled to a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller as the proposed FPID controller, which is tuned by an optimized water cycle algorithm (WCA). The proposed WCA: FPID scheme was implemented with two models from the literature under the integral time absolute error cost function. Initially, a two-area non-reheat unit was implemented, and the gains of PID and FPID controllers were adjusted to verify the suitability of WCA in solving LFC issues. Then, in order to identify the robustness of the closed-loop system, sensitivity analysis is carried out. Additionally, a two-area non-reheat unit was tested under the governor dead band nonlinearity. To guarantee the suitability of the proposed FPID controller, a model with a mixture of power plants, such as reheat, hydro, and gas unit in each area was carried out with and without the HVDC link, which can increase practical issues with LFC. The proposed controller's robustness was studied for all models under numerous scenarios, step load perturbations (SLP), and different objective functions. Simulation results proved that the proposed FPID controller provided superior performance compared to recently reported techniques in terms of peaks and settling time.
Extended Cognition and Constructive Empiricism
Authors: Baker Kane
Published: June 2022

According to constructive empiricists, accepting a scientific theory involves belief only that it is true of the observable world, where observability is defined in terms of what is detectable by the unaided senses. On this view, scientific instruments are machines that generate new observable data, but this data need not be interpreted as providing access to a realm of phenomena beyond what is revealed by the senses. A recent challenge to the constructive empiricist account of instruments appeals to the extended mind thesis, according to which cognitive processes are sometimes constituted not just by brain activity, but can extend into the rest of the body and the surrounding environment. If this is right, scientific instruments may, in the right circumstances, literally become part of our perceptual processes. In this article, I examine this extended perception argument, and I find that it fails for the vast majority of scientific instruments. Even if the extended mind thesis is accepted, the constructive empiricist can draw a line between observables and unobservables that makes very few concessions to the realist.
A relic of design: against proper functions in biology
Authors: Ratti Emanuele , Germain Pierre-Luc
Published: June 2022

The notion of biological function is fraught with difficulties—intrinsically and irremediably so, we argue. The physiological practice of functional ascription originates from a time when organisms were thought to be designed and remained largely unchanged since. In a secularized worldview, this creates a paradox which accounts of functions as selected effect attempt to resolve. This attempt, we argue, misses its target in physiology and it brings problems of its own. Instead, we propose that a better solution to the conundrum of biological functions is to abandon the notion altogether, a prospect not only less daunting than it appears, but arguably the natural continuation of the naturalisation of biology.
Particularizing Nonhuman Nature in Stakeholder Theory: The Recognition Approach
Authors: Kortetmäki Teea , Heikkinen Anna , Jokinen Ari
Published: June 2022

Stakeholder theory has grown into one of the most frequent approaches to organizational sustainability. Stakeholder research has provided considerable insight on organization–nature relations, and advanced approaches that consider the intrinsic value of nonhuman nature. However, nonhuman nature is typically approached as an ambiguous, unified entity. Taking nonhumans adequately into account requires greater detail for both grounding the status of nonhumans and particularizing nonhuman entities as a set of potential organizational stakeholders with different characteristics, vulnerabilities, and needs. We utilize the philosophical concept of ‘recognition’ to provide a normative underpinning for stakeholder theorizing on nonhuman nature in both universal and difference-sensitive terms. We discuss how the status model of recognition helps identify relevant nonhumans as organizational stakeholders, establish respect, and particularize nonhumans in their distinctiveness and in partner-like ways. The implications of the recognition approach for stakeholder research are explicated with an illustrative case that exemplifies the recognition and particularization of nonhuman nature. We contribute to stakeholder research on nonhuman nature by suggesting that recognition provides a conceptual tool for theorizing the stakeholder status and particularization of nonhuman nature. Thereby, this article reduces anthropocentric bias and increases the capacity of stakeholder theorizing to confront the challenges of the ecological crisis.
Influence of local aortic calcification on periaortic adipose tissue radiomics texture features—a primary analysis on PCCT
Authors: Tharmaseelan Hishan , Froelich Matthias F. , Nörenberg Dominik , Overhoff Daniel , Rotkopf Lukas T. , Riffel Philipp , Schoenberg Stefan O. , Ayx Isabelle
Published: June 2022

Perivascular adipose tissue is known to be metabolically active. Volume and density of periaortic adipose tissue are associated with aortic calcification as well as aortic diameter indicating a possible influence of periaortic adipose tissue on the development of aortic calcification. Due to better spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio, new CT technologies such as photon-counting computed tomography may allow the detection of texture alterations of periaortic adipose tissue depending on the existence of local aortic calcification possibly outlining a biomarker for the development of arteriosclerosis. In this retrospective, single-center, IRB-approved study, periaortic adipose tissue was segmented semiautomatically and radiomics features were extracted using pyradiomics. Statistical analysis was performed in R statistics calculating mean and standard deviation with Pearson correlation coefficient for feature correlation. For feature selection Random Forest classification was performed. A two-tailed unpaired t test was applied to the final feature set. Results were visualized as boxplots and heatmaps. A total of 30 patients (66.6% female, median age 57 years) were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into two subgroups depending on the presence of local aortic calcification. By Random Forest feature selection a set of seven higher-order features could be defined to discriminate periaortic adipose tissue texture between these two groups. The t test showed a statistic significant discrimination for all features (p < 0.05). Texture changes of periaortic adipose tissue associated with the existence of local aortic calcification may lay the foundation for finding a biomarker for development of arteriosclerosis.
The obesity-breast cancer link: a multidisciplinary perspective
Authors: Devericks Emily N. , Carson Meredith S. , McCullough Lauren E. , Coleman Michael F. , Hursting Stephen D.
Published: June 2022

Obesity, exceptionally prevalent in the USA, promotes the incidence and progression of numerous cancer types including breast cancer. Complex, interacting metabolic and immune dysregulation marks the development of both breast cancer and obesity. Obesity promotes chronic low-grade inflammation, particularly in white adipose tissue, which drives immune dysfunction marked by increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production, alternative macrophage activation, and reduced T cell function. Breast tissue is predominantly composed of white adipose, and developing breast cancer readily and directly interacts with cells and signals from adipose remodeled by obesity. This review discusses the biological mechanisms through which obesity promotes breast cancer, the role of obesity in breast cancer health disparities, and dietary interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of obesity on breast cancer. We detail the intersection of obesity and breast cancer, with an emphasis on the shared and unique patterns of immune dysregulation in these disease processes. We have highlighted key areas of breast cancer biology exacerbated by obesity, including incidence, progression, and therapeutic response. We posit that interception of obesity-driven breast cancer will require interventions that limit protumor signaling from obese adipose tissue and that consider genetic, structural, and social determinants of the obesity–breast cancer link. Finally, we detail the evidence for various dietary interventions to offset obesity effects in clinical and preclinical studies of breast cancer. In light of the strong associations between obesity and breast cancer and the rising rates of obesity in many parts of the world, the development of effective, safe, well-tolerated, and equitable interventions to limit the burden of obesity on breast cancer are urgently needed.
Associations of Different Emotion Regulation Strategies with Coping-Efficacy, Rumination and Stress
Authors: Rosenbaum David , Int-Veen Isabell , Rubel Julian , Laicher Hendrik , Kroczek Agnes , Lawyer Glenn , Fallgatter Andreas J. , Ehlis Ann-Christine
Published: June 2022

Background

In order to investigate the relationship between stress-reactive rumination and the implementation of different emotion-regulation strategies (ERS), the pilot study at hand assessed ecological momentary assessment data twice per day from currently depressed patients (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 23).

Methods

We analyzed differences in the implementation of ERS (body-based, behavioral, cognitive, social and multiple) and the occurrence of stress, rumination and self-efficacy between the groups as well as associations of ERS implementation at a given time-point and later levels of stress and rumination.

Results

Overall, patients reported higher subjective stress levels as well as increased ruminative thinking as a response to life stress and, in addition, a more frequent implementation of ERS. Comparing the implementation of ERS, cognitive ERS were implemented most often in the clinical group in comparison to healthy controls. All ERS were associated with increased self-efficacy at the time-point they were implemented. The implementation of cognitive ERS (e.g., reframing) at a given time-point significantly predicted reduced rumination and stress at later time-points.

Conclusions

Clinical and non-clinical groups seem to differ in their implementation of ERS. While the implementation of all investigated ERS is related to increased coping-efficacy, ERS on a cognitive level seem to be advantageous in reducing stress as well as rumination.
Good Traits, Bad Traits, and ‘Ugly’ Behavior: Relations between the Dark Triad, Honesty-Humility, Other HEXACO Personality Traits, and Externalizing Problems in Adolescents
Authors: Muris Peter , Jeurissen Anne , Rooswinkel Morgan , Meesters Cor
Published: June 2022

The present study investigated the relative contributions of the Dark Triad, honesty-humility, and other HEXACO traits to externalizing problems in young people. One-hundred-and-six adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years completed an online survey containing the Dirty Dozen for Youth as an index of the Dark Triad traits of psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism, the HEXACO-Middle School Inventory to assess honesty-humility as well as five other basic personality factors, and the Youth Self-Report to measure symptoms of oppositional-defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD). Results first of all showed that the Dark Triad traits were positively correlated with symptoms of ODD and CD, while the HEXACO factor of honesty-humility was negatively correlated with such symptoms. Further, both types of externalizing problems were associated with a unique set of personality correlates. More precisely, ODD symptoms were predicted by higher psychopathy and lower agreeableness and extraversion, while CD symptoms were predicted by higher psychopathy (and to some extent Machiavellianism) and lower honesty-humility, extraversion, and emotionality. It is concluded that the study of the role of temperament and personality in externalizing problems should take a broad perspective that includes malevolent and benevolent traits from various theoretical models.
A Mass-Preserving Two-Step Lagrange–Galerkin Scheme for Convection-Diffusion Problems
Authors: Futai Kouta , Kolbe Niklas , Notsu Hirofumi , Suzuki Tasuku
Published: June 2022

A mass-preserving two-step Lagrange–Galerkin scheme of second order in time for convection-diffusion problems is presented, and convergence with optimal error estimates is proved in the framework of $$L^2$$

L
2

-theory. The introduced scheme maintains the advantages of the Lagrange–Galerkin method, i.e., CFL-free robustness for convection-dominated problems and a symmetric and positive coefficient matrix resulting from the discretization. In addition, the scheme conserves the mass on the discrete level if the involved integrals are computed exactly. Unconditional stability and error estimates of second order in time are proved by employing two new key lemmas on the truncation error of the material derivative in conservative form and on a discrete Gronwall inequality for multistep methods. The mass-preserving property is achieved by the Jacobian multiplication technique introduced by Rui and Tabata in 2010, and the accuracy of second order in time is obtained based on the idea of the multistep Galerkin method along characteristics originally introduced by Ewing and Russel in 1981. For the first time step, the mass-preserving scheme of first order in time by Rui and Tabata in 2010 is employed, which is efficient and does not cause any loss of convergence order in the $$\ell ^\infty (L^2)$$

ℓ
∞

(

L
2

)

- and $$\ell ^2(H^1_0)$$

ℓ
2

(

H
0
1

)

-norms. For the time increment $$\Delta t$$

Δ
t

, the mesh size h and a conforming finite element space of polynomial degree $$k \in {\mathbb {N}}$$

k
∈
N

, the convergence order is of $$O(\Delta t^2 + h^k)$$

O
(
Δ

t
2

+

h
k

)

in the $$\ell ^\infty (L^2)\cap \ell ^2(H^1_0)$$

ℓ
∞

(

L
2

)

∩

ℓ
2

(

H
0
1

)

-norm and of $$O(\Delta t^2 + h^{k+1})$$

O
(
Δ

t
2

+

h

k
+
1

)

in the $$\ell ^\infty (L^2)$$

ℓ
∞

(

L
2

)

-norm if the duality argument can be employed. Error estimates of $$O(\Delta t^{3/2}+h^k)$$

O
(
Δ

t

3
/
2

+

h
k

)

in discrete versions of the $$L^\infty (H^1_0)$$

L
∞

(

H
0
1

)

- and $$H^1(L^2)$$

H
1

(

L
2

)

-norm are additionally proved. Numerical results confirm the theoretical convergence orders in one, two and three dimensions.