bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biosimilars: A Comparative Study of Regulatory, Safety and Pharmacovigilance Monograph in the Developed and Developing Economies
Authors: Iqbal Zarina , Sadaf Saima
Published: April 2022

Epitomizing one of the rapidly maturing segments of pharmaceutical industry, biologics gestalt has severely implicated treatment algorithms of many life-threatening diseases especially in oncology, immunology, diabetes, and irresistible infections through integration of biologics in the clinical practice guidelines. As of 2021, the impact is expected to gain resilience as more patents on new biological drugs (such as Erbitux, Avastin, Orencis) are going off. Growing acceptance, trusting on stringent risk-benefits assessment, cost-effectiveness, and potential for return on investment, drive the global market of biosimilars is expected to remain steadfast in the following years; hence knowing about regulatory requirements for approval, opportunities, and barriers to biosimilars uptake in the biggest markets of USA, European Union, Canada, and Asia-Pacific (India and Pakistan) is warranted for development of effective biosimilars marketing strategies. This article reviews the biosimilars development from the beginning (historic) to the end (development & marketing approval perspectives) and then tries to present a clear picture on areas that are still uncertain concerning the biosimilars landscape especially the biologics effect on immunogenicity, the provocative issue of interchangeability, and extrapolation of indications.
Interactive Analysis of Demographic Variables and Occupational Stress on University Lecturers’ Job Performance
Authors: Aduma Peter Owogoga , Owan Valentine Joseph , Akah Levi Udochukwu , Alawa David Adie , Apie Martina Ayibeya , Ogabor Joseph Odey , Olofu Martin Afen , Unimna Fidelis Abunimye , Ebuara Victor Obule , Essien Essien Ekpenyong , Essien Cecilia Kori
Published: April 2022

This research studied the interaction influence of demographic characteristics (marital status, job rank, gender and age) and occupational stress level, on the work performance of faculty members in Calabar Metropolis. The descriptive survey design was utilized for this investigation. A sample of 150 respondents was identified using the systematic random sampling procedure from a population of 400 Faculty of Education lecturers from two public universities in Calabar Metropolis. A four-point scale validity and reliability certified questionnaire was used for data collection. Data generated was analyzed using the two-way analysis of variance. Hypotheses were all tested at the 0.05 alpha level. Findings revealed a significant interactive effect of demographic variables (age, gender, job rank and marital status) and stress levels on lecturers' jobs. Results also indicated that the stress level of lecturers affects the degree or quality of job performance, with those having average stress levels reporting better job performance in the universities studied. Recommendations were made that all lecturers, irrespective of age, gender, marital status or rank, should develop or adopt good stress management skills and disengage/reduce extra jobs and other unnecessary stress-inducing activities.
Un pandemónium de ridículas estridencias Consumos musicales y representaciones sociales durante La Violencia en los Llanos Orientales y Tolima (1942-1965)
Authors: Buitrago Trujillo Hugo Andrei
Published: April 2022

El objetivo de esta investigación es interpretar, a través de los consumos musicales, la producción, circulación y apropiación de las representaciones sobre las modalidades de relación social y los valores que las guían, en los Llanos Orientales y Tolima entre 1942 y 1965; lo que se hace a través de archivos judiciales, cancioneros, prensa y documentos testimoniales articulando, desde la historia cultural, las industrias culturales, principalmente la de la música popular y las representaciones sociales. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se propone el término de músicas viajantes, que logra agrupar tanto las músicas foráneas, de consumo predominante en el período y los territorios, las propias que están en diálogo con aquellas y las composiciones nacionales hechas en aires foráneos; y cuyos mensajes encuentran empatía con los públicos, por lo que expresan y se instalan en la cotidianidad.
Słowotwórstwo rzeczownika w gwarze Proboszczewic koło Płocka
Authors: Świtała-Cheda Mirosława
Published: April 2022

Opracowanie jest niezwykle wartościowym wkładem do wiedzy nie tylko o słowotwórstwie gwarowym, ale o słowotwórstwie polskim w ogóle. Dostrzegam w nim kilka interesujących pomysłów na kolejne opracowania szczegółowe. Jeden z nich pozostaje w związku ze wspominanym już rejestrowaniem świadomości motywacyjnej użytkowników gwary, inny z właściwym zwłaszcza gwarom spontanicznym, tworzeniem się semantycznych ciągów derywacyjnych burzących zastane modele. Autorka dostrzegła ich zapewne jeszcze więcej. Z recenzji prof. zw. dra hab. Kazimierza Michalewskiego.
TEACHER EDUCATION FOR SINGLE-GRADE TEACHING DISQUALIFIES MULTI-GRADE TEACHING FOR RURAL EDUCATION
Authors:   PhD, Acting HoD, Continuing Adult Professional Teacher Development, Butterworth, Walter Sisulu University, South Africa, Mpahla Ntando , Makena Bulelwa ,   DEd, Lecturer, Continuing Adult Professional Teacher Development, Butterworth, Walter Sisulu University, South Africa
Published: April 2022

This paper examined the collision of teacher education for single-grade teacher classroom practices with multi-grade classroom teaching. Teachers educated for the normal situation of single-grade classroom teaching are not linked to the competencies required to practice and teach multi-grade classrooms. Of the current models of teacher education, none pays attention to the multi-grade teaching of rural education but only focuses on monograde classroom teaching. The paper used a qualitative research methodology. The researchers felt it vital to use a qualitative approach as the paper studies the life experiences of teachers in their natural and context-specific settings. Participants were selected through purposive sampling because of their common defining characteristics in the problem under study. Data collection came through semi-structured interviews and observation. When analysing data, a narrative analysis was used. The results of this paper indicated that the current crop of teachers in multi-grade schools does not possess the pedagogical knowledge required. This finding concludes that teachers have no specialised knowledge that would improve learner outcomes from the quality of teaching workforce and the quality of teaching.
A new concept of the operating speed and speed limit credibility analysis
Authors: Tubić Vladan , Stepanović Nemanja , Petković Miloš
Published: April 2022

Abstract – This paper presents a new concept of the operating speed and speed limit analysis, using analytical models and empirical research. Also, the analysis of operating speeds as a function of different hourly volume classes was conducted. This method represents the basis for improvement of the operating speed models and a tool for analytical determination of the speed limit credibility. Keywords – Speed limit credibility, Operating speed, Speed management, Hourly volume.
On the acquisition, correct analysis and dissemination of knowledge about safety problems as an important managerial tool to improve the functional reliability of transport systems
Authors: Georgiev Nikolay
Published: April 2022

Abstract – No doubt that safety is the most important and difficult to achieve characteristic of whatever transport system. In this field of the technical exploitation, significant measures are being made not only by the relevant government structures but also individual transport undertakings (infrastructure manager and transport operators). On a different note, it should be admitted that without creation, processing, correct analysis and dissemination of knowledge regarding operating safety problems even the best intentions for safety improvement would probably be in vain. The present paper discusses the necessity to design and also the specifics to govern a technological system (within the technical exploitation of a transport undertaking) for the usage of information concerning factors influencing operating safety and on this base for improvement of reliability of undertaking performance. Keywords – Transport, Operating reliability (safety), Knowledge management
Evaluation of Urban Consolidation Centers from the Customer’s Perspective
Authors: Schodl Reinhold , Eitler Sandra
Published: April 2022

Abstract – An Urban Consolidation Center (UCC) is a logistics solution aimed at reducing negative environmental and traffic effects of freight transportation in cities. This is mainly achieved by the consolidation of loads across customers. Despite having potential benefits, UCCs have not been widely implemented in practice. To realize the theoretical potential of UCCs in practice, a UCC has to attract customers. Crucial for the success of a UCC is a good fit between its services and the requirements of its market. Therefore, this paper addresses how UCCs can be evaluated from the perspective of its direct customers, i.e., freight forwarders and carriers. The Value Proposition Canvas, an established tool for business modeling, is adopted as a framework. The presented framework can be applied in a practical setting and provides the basis for an estimation of a UCC’s actual benefits. Keywords – Urban Consolidation Center, Value Proposition Canvas, city logistics, urban freight transport
Influence of wagon control unit on economics benefits in the freight railway transport
Authors: Gerhátová Zuzana , Zitrický Vladislav , Gašparík Jozef
Published: April 2022

Abstract – At present, the world economy is experiencing major technical and economic changes. In the field of rail transport, the challenge is the implementation of information and communication technologies, i.e. the incorporation of Industry 4.0 elements into the operation of rail transport. An important part of this is their mutual global integration. The aim of the article is to economically assess the introduction of the Industry 4.0 element of the wagon control unit into the transport process in rail transport. The premise of the research task is based on the experience of implementing intelligent sensors in rail freight transport in some countries of the European Union. Based on the analysis of the use of information and communication technologies in rail transport, an economic evaluation of the design of the wagon control unit will be carried out in the article. Keywords – railway transport, digitalization, Industry 4.0
The Modeling of Travel Demand in the Road Network of Pristina Region
Authors: Bojku Bibaj Valerie , Atanasova Vaska
Published: April 2022

Abstract – In this paper is analysed the current situation of demand in the road transport network in Pristina region and is predicted the traffic flow in the future. The inputs of the model consists of social and economic data, current traffic statistics, previous road-side survey, estimating base year and infrastructure scenarios. Keywords – Traffic volume, Model, Forecast, Modeling, PTV Visum.
Traffic Flow Prediction Using Machine Learning
Authors: Janković Slađana , Mladenović Dušan , Mladenović Snežana , Zdravković Stefan
Published: April 2022

Abstract –The main objective of this research was to define and verify the methodology of predicting the volume and structure of traffic flows, based on the building and application of a supervised machine learning models. The proposed methodology was applied in the case study of the prediction of traffic flows on selected routes in the Republic of Serbia. Keywords – Machine learning, Big data analytics, Traffic flow
Innovative ICT model of E-business in urban railway transport
Authors: Pavlović Zoran , Bundalo Zoran , Radičević Veljko , Bursać Marko
Published: April 2022

Abstract –The paper presents the basic directions for the implementation of activities for the procurement of digital maps and transportation of service users. The activity includes the integration of the internet service of urban traffic in Belgrade (metro as a part of the railway and the city transport company). The model shows the architecture and infrastructure based on advanced internet technologies. The aim of this paper is to present the application of ICT in future businesses. Keywords –internet service integration, urban service, service provider, service user
Unified Approach to Risk Assessment at Railway Crossings
Authors: Kohout Tomáš , Vrtal Pavel
Published: April 2022

Abstract – This conference paper discusses a new analytical approach to the evaluation of traffic safety at the railway crossings. The new method is based on the use of ontological principles. The ontological tools present a comprehensive decision-making tool, will can be applied to any potential hazardous railway crossing on a road or rail network. Keywords – railway crossing, Traffic safety, Ontology
Influence of additions on the structure of the free fares
Authors: Vasyukova A. T. , Krivoshonok K. B. , Alekseev A. E. , Karpov V. I.
Published: April 2022

The article provides basic information about the functional properties of flour culinary products developed on the basis of rice and corn flour with additives of powders of vegetable origin: jerusalem artichoke, sea buckthorn, apples, carrots, tomato, paprika, dill, daminaria, and stevia extract was used as a sweetener. Balanced nutritionally adapted nutrition, corresponding to the physiological needs of schoolchildren, gender and individual characteristics of children aged 7–11 years, is necessary for the full development of physical and intellectual abilities. In this connection, the development of flour culinary products nutritionally adapted to the peculiarities of baby food, the optimization of the ingredient composition of flour culinary products, taking into account the technological properties of raw materials and biomedical recommendations for the diet of this category of nutritionists will contribute not only to achieving the best results in their development, physical and mental improvement, but will also prevent a number of alimentary-dependent diseases and conditions of this category of the population. This determines the main task of research and is relevant and promising. The purpose of the development of new specialized products is to obtain enriched gluten-free compositions for the production of high-quality pancake tape by an industrial method. The article presents data on the optimization of the ingredient composition of flour culinary products, considering the technological properties of raw materials and biomedical recommendations for the nutrition of schoolchildren of grades 1–4. The list of ingredients with immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties and the possibility of their use in the preparation of specialized flour culinary products for school meals is scientifically substantiated. Optimization was carried out using modern programs providing mathematical modeling of product formulations in the realized range of parameter changes. The qualitative and quantitative prescription composition is modeled in accordance with sanitary norms and requirements of the SanPiN 2.3/2.4.3590–20 requirements for children's food products, considering their physical exertion. The relationship between the mass fraction of protein components (rice and corn flour and egg white) and physico-chemical indicators of the quality of flour culinary products for the nutrition of schoolchildren has been established. It is experimentally proved that the use of the developed recipe compositions will contribute to an increase in the content of protein, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, increase the biological value and the total content of water-soluble antioxidants in flour culinary products for the nutrition of students aged 7–11 years.
The quality of red-mottled milk and the prospects of its use in the production of soft cheeses of combined composition
Authors: Derkanosova A. A. , Kurchaeva E. E. , Artemov E. S. , Karpeeva E. V. , Sergeeva O. A. , Glinkina I. M.
Published: April 2022

Milk is one of the food products necessary for the human body, as it is the main source of high-grade proteins, essential amino acids, and vitamins. In this regard, special attention is given to the assessment of milk quality indicators. Scientific research was carried out at Bolshevik LLC, Khokholsky District, Voronezh Region, in 2020 on daughter cows of red-and-white sires, which were divided into two groups according to the primary breeding records. Group I included daughters of sire 3618 of the line Vis Back Aydal 1013415, group II - daughters of sire 1008 of line Reflection Sovering 198998. Each group included 15 animals. Indicators of milk productivity and development of cows-daughters were defined from the data of the primary breeding records of the farm with the Selex program. A slight superiority of cows-daughters of the bull of the Reflection Sovering 198998 line (group II) over the daughters of group I in terms of milk yield and the mass fraction of protein and fat was established as a result of the analysis of milk production for the first lactation. Prospects for the production of soft cheeses based on cow's milk obtained from two lines of bulls - producers using classical production technology were considered. The prospects for obtaining soft cheeses of a combined composition by including mung bean protein concentrate in a normalized mixture to increase their nutritional value were shown in the work. The influence of the dosage of mung bean concentrate on the duration of milk clotting at different temperatures has been studied. A comparative assessment of the organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters of the obtained cheeses is presented in the work.
The influence of the composition of raw materials on the quality of meat and vegetable semi-finished products for children
Authors: Vasyukova A. T. , Edvars R. A. , Vasyukov M. V.
Published: April 2022

The basic information about the quality of meat-and-vegetable functional combined minced meat, developed on the basis of a wide range of semi-finished products: "Detsky" steak, "Totosha" schnitzel, "Shkolny" rump steak, croquettes with zucchini, "Solnechnogorsk" cutlets, sticks with vegetables, lazy cabbage rolls "School" , chicken cutlets, "School" meatballs, "Children" meatballs, in which combinations of various types of meat and poultry with bread, cereals, flour, eggs, dry milk, breadcrumbs, vegetables, parsley are selected. Such a mutual addition of the recipe with various components allows you to create a product that best meets the needs of the body in terms of nutritional value and calorie content. Particularly important is the introduction of various vegetables into minced meat recipes, which are a storehouse of vitamins and minor substances necessary for the child's body. The most valuable for the digestion of a growing organism is the introduction of cauliflower with onions, cabbage, which is necessary to stimulate the growth of healthy microflora. Therefore, the selected combinations for various types of raw materials for the design of new generation products that meet the physiological needs of a growing organism in a timely manner, and their development is relevant. The purpose of the study is the development of recipes and technologies for specialized products of increased nutritional value for school meals. Marketing research was used, physical and chemical, structural and mechanical, organoleptic, functional and technological, microbiological indicators were used. The possibility of using quick-frozen cauliflower onions containing lactulose for the production of meat products from cutlet mass, contributing to the full functioning of the intestine by improving the microflora, has been substantiated. Studied consumer preferences of students. The technologies of freezing and long-term storage without changes in quality and safety indicators have been proposed. Dependences of organoleptic, structural and mechanical, functional and technological indicators on the properties of raw materials and materials have been revealed. New values of physicochemical, radiological and microbiological indicators of functional products have been obtained after 30 days of storage. The nutritional and energy value has been determined. The regulatory and technological documentation has been completed and tested in the production conditions of school food factories. Developed rations for students in grades 1-4 with the inclusion of specialized meat dishes.
Acrides and the possibility of their use in the composition of feed and food
Authors: Timofeeva A. D. , Khramova V. N. , Eviev V. A. , Zhivotova T. Y. , Lubchinsky K. A.
Published: April 2022

Locusts are insect species that can form migratory swarms, causing widespread destruction of crops and pastures, with significant impacts on food security. This article assesses the potential for beneficial use of locust swarms. Of the 21 known locust species, about ten species have traditionally been consumed by humans or fed to animals for thousands of years in 65 countries. Their nutritional composition is comparable to that of regular meat. However, insecticide residues, microbial contaminants and allergens can jeopardize the safety of their use. Several countries have developed regulations for edible insects, including locusts. In this article, prototypes of acrides were obtained and their chemical composition was determined - the content of crude protein, dry matter, crude fat, crude fiber, minerals, and the amino acid composition was determined. All studies were carried out according to generally accepted methods, based on the results of the studies, conclusions were drawn and possible methods of using acrides are described - locusts are rich in protein; minerals such as calcium, iron and zinc; a number of vitamins; useful fatty acids; in addition, the quantitative content of amino acids in locusts is higher than in meat products of slaughter. Safe and effective collection of locusts can help preserve agricultural land, as well as provide material as feed for animals and fish, and rearing locusts under incubation conditions can facilitate their use in food products in order to enrich them with protein or replace part of the raw materials.
Sunflower and its use in waste-free processing technology for the production of therapeutic preventive and baby nutrition
Authors: Gaponova L. V. , Gavrilova V. A. , Demianenko T. F. , Polezhaeva T. A. , Matveeva G. A.
Published: April 2022

Sunflower proteins, due to their high nutritional and biological value and wide distribution in the Russian Federation, are promising raw material for the production of food protein products for use in therapeutic and preventive and infant nutrition. In this regard, when choosing sunflower varieties, special requirements are put forward to them: a sufficiently high protein content and a high proportion of the kernel in the seeds, a balanced amino acid composition, compliance of safety indicators with the standards of technical regulations. VNIIFАТs conducts long-term research on the development of technology for protein concentrate and sunflower seed isolate. In cooperation with VIR, scientific work devoted to the selection of sunflower varieties that allow to obtain protein products with optimal properties is carried out. Functional properties, nutrient composition and physico-chemical parameters of sunflower protein concentrate have been studied. It is shown that sunflower protein is not inferior in its properties and biological value to soy protein concentrates presented on the Russian market. Therefore, it can be recommended as a protein and functional additive in therapeutic preventive and baby food products.
Mechanochemical production of a food supplement containing vitamin D and chelated forms of silicon
Authors: Bychkov A. L. , Reshetnikova P. A. , Trofimova E. G. , Bychkova E. S. , Lomovsky O. I.
Published: April 2022

Systemic deficiency of vitamin D and silicon compounds in the human body leads to numerous negative consequences, primarily in the field of the functioning of the musculoskeletal system: even in the absence of a lack of calcium and phosphorus compounds, which are considered to be the main bone-forming substances, bone mineralization substances, the likelihood of falls and fractures increases, muscle pain occurs. Based on the known mechanisms of the physiological action of vitamin D and silicon on the human body, it was assumed in this work that a food supplement containing cholecalciferol and water-soluble chelated forms of silicon will have a synergistic effect. It was shown that using solid-phase mechanochemical treatment in the optimal mode, a product containing water-soluble chelated silicon compounds with an equilibrium concentration of up to 24 mg / l is obtained from rice husks and green tea. The optimal mode, characterized by high resistance to instabilities of the technological process, obtaining a product containing chelated silicon compounds from rice husk and green tea, is the rotor speed of the RM-50 semi-industrial centrifugal roller mill-activator equal to 1200 rpm at a feed rate of processing area equal to 43 kg / h. The resulting prototype was used as a solid matrix - the basis for applying cholecalciferol and obtaining a biologically active food supplement. The calculated amounts of the supplement required for consumption to replenish the body's daily need for vitamin D have shown the advisability of using soluble gelatin capsules.
Simulation of heat transfer with variable energy input of the contact drying process for the production of potato flakes
Authors: Kalashnikov G. V. , Litvinov E. V. , Nazaretyan D. V.
Published: April 2022

According to the data on the norms of consumption of plant products of the Research Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, potatoes rank first with a norm of 120 kg per person per year. Much attention is paid to the processing of potatoes, which allows to extend their shelf life, reduce storage capacity and reduce transportation, since 1 kg of dry potato product is equivalent to 7-8 kg of fresh potatoes. Industrial processing of potatoes into dried mashed potatoes and flakes allows to reduce losses of potatoes during storage and transportation, it becomes possible to enrich products with vitamins and other useful components, its nutritional value is better preserved, conditions are created for the complex processing of raw materials with complete disposal of waste and creating stocks of products from potatoes on a case of crop failure. The methods and equipment used for processing lines for potato processing and the production of dried products are distinguished by low thermal efficiency and the degree of use of the potential of the heat carrier and high specific energy consumption per unit of dried product. One of the ways to reduce heat consumption and increase the energy efficiency of production in the processing of edible plant materials is the use of an oscillated heat and moisture supply, which ensures a high quality finished product with an increase in the degree of thermodynamic perfection of the energy technology system. The modeling of the heat transfer process for contact drying with variable energy supply during potato processing was carried out to optimize the production technology, determine the rational production parameters of the roller dryer and increase the energy efficiency of the technological line. On the basis of the obtained model of heat exchange with variable heat supply, the calculation of the contact drying process for a roller dryer in the production of dry potato flakes is carried out
The use of high-fine modified aluminosilicate adsorbents in the processes of purification of household waste water
Authors: Sviridov A. V. , Iurchenko V. V. , Gindulin I. K. , Roschina M. S.
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the problem of treatment and purification of domestic waste water. Today, many treatment facilities do not have a reagent treatment system and are limited only by mechanical and biological methods of water treatment. We have considered the possibility of using a new scheme for reagent treatment of domestic wastewater. The existing reagent treatment at treatment facilities does not always cope with the tasks of water treatment. It is not possible to achieve the required values for many indicators: COD, residual phosphate content, residual iron content, etc. The water under study was treated with traditional coagulants (iron chloride and aluminum sulfate) and new highly dispersed modified aluminosilicate adsorbents of the KS brand. Lime and alkali were used as alkalizing reagents. A feature of KS grade reagents is their high coagulation-adsorption activity in relation to the extracted components. This is due to the high activity of modifiers on the surface of the aluminosilicate matrix. In the course of the study, a coagulation-flocculation experiment was carried out. During the purification process, the water was examined for the residual content of various components: pH, phosphates, ammonium nitrogen, chlorides, and iron. Effective dosages have been established for each of the reagents used and the possibility of using reagents for the treatment of domestic wastewater to the required standards has been shown. Traditional reagents have shown insufficient efficiency in wastewater treatment. When using iron chloride and aluminum sulfate, it is not possible to reduce the phosphate content to the required values. For the KS reagent, the effective dose was 40 mg / dm3 with the combined use of lime at a dose of 30 mg/dm3
Specificity of separate dispersed phase particles from flue gas flows by perfo-rated filter barrier
Authors: Protsko D. S. , Panov S. Y. , Shipilova E. A. , Belykh O. M. , Khvostov A. A.
Published: April 2022

The vector of industrial development at the present stage is associated with a further increase in energy needs, which is associated with the modernization of existing and the development of new energy-efficient generating equipment. A significant share in the energy balance is still occupied by power plants that use fuel combustion and have significant environmental costs. The results of a theoretical and experimental study of the mechanisms of trapping flue gas particles of power plants by perforated filter baffles in order to reduce the load of emissions on the atmosphere are presented. Formulas for calculating the trapping coefficient under the action of various particle trapping mechanisms are systematized and proposed. The dominant role of the inertial trapping mechanism (?Stk) at the beginning of the filtration process and the gearing effect (?R) in the subsequent stage is determined. The issues of formation of the sediment layer require taking into account the adhesive properties of materials (parameter T) and the introduction of an effective Stokes coefficient (Stkeff). A special role is noted for increasing the efficiency of deposition of flue gas particles under the action of an electrostatic field (?E). In the future, the obtained research results can be used in the development and design of combined gas cleaning devices using the combined action of filtration and the action of an electrostatic field.
Functionalized styrene-butadiene copolymers based on improved metal-alcoholate systems
Authors: Firsova A. V. , Kharitonov A. G. , Karmanova O. V. , Lynova A. S.
Published: April 2022

A method for preparing functionalized styrene-butadiene copolymers on a new initiating system, which is a modifier consisting of a mixed sodium-calcium alkoxide of oxypropylated aniline dissolved in ?-methylstyrene and n-butyllithium has been developed. It was revealed that the lowered content of calcium ions makes it possible to obtain a modifier without colloidal fine-dispersed sludge, which negatively affects the operation of equipment in the industrial production of rubbers. The high initiation activity on lithium amides promoted a high conversion of monomers and a good stereoregulating ability of the 1.2-unit content of the butadiene part of the copolymer macromolecule, amounting to 66-68 wt%. The addition of a reactive compound to the end of the "living" polymer chain, stannous tetrachloride, improves the technological properties estimated by the Mooney viscosity, which increased by 5 units. It was shown on the example of prototypes of rubber mixtures, the polymer base of which was functionalized styrene-butadiene rubbers, that they are characterized by a sufficiently high rate of vulcanization, and in terms of technological, elastic and strength properties, the samples are identical with the foreign analogue NS-616, in terms of abrasion resistance they surpass the imported analogue by 20%, in resistance to crack growth by 36% was shown. The rubber mixture based on functionalized rubber was characterized by better adhesion on ice. The use of functionalized rubbers instead of serial rubber has little effect on tire rolling losses. A slight decrease in tan ? values at 0 °C for rubbers based on functionalized rubbers was noted, which can be compensated for by adjusting their microstructure and requires additional research.
Termooxidaition destruction of butadiene-nitrile rubbers and industrial waste
Authors: Shehavtsova T. N. , Shatalov G. V. , Papkov V. N. , Karmanova O. V.
Published: April 2022

The process of thermooxidation destruction of industrial butadiene-nitrile copolymers of the grades SKN-18, SKN-26 and substandard products is investigated. The process is carried out in aromatic solvents (toluene in the xylene) under the influence of air oxygen in the presence of an adduct of the radical initiator azodiisobutyronitrile with N-metilpirrolidone. The mass-average molecular weights of the resulting products were determined by gel permeation chromatography, and molecular weight distribution calculations were performed. The influence of the temperature and the content of the initiator on the change in the intrinsic viscosity of solutions of the resulting degradation products, depending on the time of the process, is considered. Based on a comparative analysis of the destruction parameters using toluene and xylene at 80 °C and an initiator concentration of 0.8% by weight. It was found that the type of solvent and the time of destruction practically do not affect the process of thermooxidative destruction with the production of low molecular weight polymers with a molecular weight of 40 ? 103. It is shown that in the course of the destruction of industrial rubbers differing in the content of acrylonitrile, the process proceeds with the formation of higher molecular weight compounds in rubbers with a higher content of acrylonitrile units. When carrying out the destruction of substandard rubber SKN-26SNT with high Defoe hardness, it is necessary to increase the concentration of the initiator to 1.1% of the mass. and temperature. The mechanism of thermooxidative destruction of the studied polymers is considered. According to the data of IR spectroscopy and chemical analysis, it was found that the products of thermooxidative destruction of nitrile butadiene rubbers contain oxygen-containing functional groups. Thus, a simple commercially method for producing low-molecular-weight butadiene-nitrile polymers based on special-purpose rubbers and substandard product with functional hydroxyl, carboxyl and epoxy groups has been developed.
Insurance of risks associated with infection with a new coronavirus infection and its prevention in modern discourse
Authors: Stepanova M. N.
Published: April 2022

The appearance of new insurance products is not always perceived unambiguously, especially if they are socially significant, but have defects that reduce their consumer value. Insurance of risks associated with infection with a new coronavirus infection had exactly this effect. The results of the study showed that there is both an acceptance of the social significance of this area of insurance protection and a complete denial of consumer utility. The supervisory authority recognizes the increased level of consumer risks associated with insurance in case of infection with coronavirus infection. Representatives of the market do not see going beyond the ethical framework when implementing it. The author comes to the conclusion that the situation in this segment should be perceived as an experience of working in non-standard conditions and as a practice of operational introduction of situational products to the market. The author believes that the social contribution is made exclusively from the positions of policyholders and beneficiaries who have received insurance coverage satisfying them, but not society as a whole. As a recommendation, it is proposed to publish the values of the consumer loyalty index calculated by the supervisory authority in relation to socially significant products in order to increase the transparency of the processes taking place in the market and better form their own portfolio of insurance protection.
Solving the problem of optimizing the resource efficiency of an enterprise using lean manufacturing technologies
Authors: Preobrazhenskij A. P. , Linkina A. V.
Published: April 2022

The article provides a solution to the problem of studying the characteristics of resource efficiency for a given time interval in the form of solving an optimization problem (using dynamic programming methods and the method of recurrent Bellman equations. A multistep search for a solution was carried out for a given period of planning production activities. Boundary requirements were met in different ways due to the multivariate management decisions. The features of the optimization model were considered. The solution of the multistep problem is reduced to the sequential solution of several one-step optimization problems. The function of changes in resource efficiency in lean manufacturing technologies was set for the planning period. Changes in technologies for the capability involved demonstrate how resource efficiency changes with the observation time. It is noted thaqt the experience accumulation of experts and participants in the production process in the implementation of innovative approaches is of great importance for reducing all types of losses. It was revealed that one of the crucial parameters in a multi-criteria system is the preservation of efficient operation in the subsystem associated with intelligent decision support. The optimal amounts of costs have been determined. Their assessment was carried out to allow for the fact that when solving optimization problems, it is necessary to take into account such criteria for which the values take extrema. Assuming a successful solution of the optimization problem posed and analyzing the results obtained when dividing the multistep decision into three one-step ones, we received S-shaped functions with a function value equal to 6.8%
Assessment of personal economic security in the Voronezh region
Authors: Chaykovskaya L. N. , Pasynkova O. M. , Duvanova Y. N.
Published: April 2022

The economic security of the individual is an important structural component of the economic security of the region and the state as a whole. In this regard, the issues related to the assessment of the level of economic security of the individual are brought up to date. The article outlines the methodology for calculating the integral indicator of personal economic security. Based on the key human needs, six blocks of indicators have been singled out: food security, housing security, demographic potential and health care, financial security of the individual, the level of labour stability, education and spiritual enlightenment. Within each block quantitative criteria are selected to assess personal economic security in the given sphere. When calculating the integral indicator of personal economic security, it is recommended to take into account the significance of the selected blocks. The significance of the blocks may differ by region and is determined using expert methods. The proposed approach was tested in the assessment of personal economic security in the Voronezh region. The source data for the calculation was official statistical information for the Voronezh region. Defining the outline of personal economic security allows us to highlight problem areas that require special attention when ensuring the region's economic security. The calculations carried out allow us to conclude that the area that requires special attention when ensuring economic security of the Voronezh region is "demographic potential and health care". The calculated integral index of personal economic security of the population of Voronezh region allows us to state that the level of personal economic security in the region is higher than the average for the subjects of the Russian Federation and is at a favorable level. Thus, the proposed methodology for assessing the level of economic security of individuals, allows the regions to see the potential threats in the selected blocks of personal economic security and to provide for measures to neutralise them.
Methodological tools for rapid estimating the innovative digital activity of enterprises taking into account their industry affiliation
Authors: Koloskova O. I. , Somina I. V.
Published: April 2022

In the context of large-scale digitalization of the economy, the convergence of domestic economy’s digitalization processes and innovative development is of especial importance and makes it necessary and expedient to improve the methods for assessing the innovative digital activity of domestic enterprises. Within the framework of this study, we offered the method for the rapid estimation of the domestic enterprises’ innovative digital activity, based on the use of a generalizing indicator - the integral coefficient of enterprises’ innovative digital activity, which is recommended to be found in several stages. At the first stage of the mentioned method, it is necessary to determine the list of indicators characterizing the level of enterprises’ innovative digital activity. At the second stage, they need to calculate the ratio of the indicators of each of the enterprises to the corresponding parameter of the leading enterprise. At the third stage, the integral coefficients for each enterprise should be calculated. Based on these integral coefficients you can make a top list of enterprises according to the level of their innovative digital activity. Depending on the values’ intervals of the obtained integral coefficients, it is possible to determine the levels of innovative digital activity of enterprises in various sectors of the economy: very high, high, medium, satisfactory and low. This method’s testing was carried out on the example of enterprises that are part of various sectors of the Russian economy - industry, services sector and construction - on the basis of the available official statistical data for years 2017-2019. The presented method can be used at the initial stage of assessing the innovative digital activity of enterprises. It allows to get rather accurate results possessing a large bulk of initial data, taking into account the features of digital transformation and the distinctive activities of the enterprises under study. The method is of general-purpose, so it can be used for analyzing innovative digital activity of economic systems of various levels (enterprises, industries, regions).
Participation in socially oriented projects and events as a form of manifestation of social responsibility of the insurance business
Authors: Stepanova M. N. , Koksharova A. G.
Published: April 2022

The phenomenon of social responsibility is gradually penetrating the insurance business. He himself is also deeply socially significant. At the same time, the practices of participation of insurers in events and programs for the whole society, and not only for recipients of insurance services, are of particular interest. As a result of the study, a databank was formed that characterizes the participation of Russian insurance companies in socially oriented projects. It gives an idea of the scale of the supported initiatives, their focus and forms of implementation. The main forms of social interaction of insurance organizations at the municipal, regional and national levels were established. It has been proved that most of them can be considered as a full-fledged instrument of the social protection system of the population. The emphasis was made on the possibility of attracting their clients by insurance companies to participate in charity events. Such experience is a good example of social contribution, not only ensuring the implementation of social function and client participation, but also increasing the level of social responsibility of those who are initially considered exclusively in the role of recipients of insurance services. It was concluded that there is a relative diversity of initiatives supported by insurers, but at the same time, the involvement of representatives of the insurance community in social projects is extremely low. The main social tasks are presented, in the solution of which the resources of insurance organizations are currently involved.)
Optimization of the implementation of an electronic educational environment in an educational institution
Authors: Preobrazhensky Y. P. , Linkina A. V.
Published: April 2022

The article considers the conceptual and practical approaches to the implementation of the direction of the national educational policy in terms of the implementation of the tools of the electronic educational environment. Shown high efficiency in the implementation of the information system in the organization of the educational process. The characteristics of the implemented EIOS are given on the example of the Voronezh Institute of High Technologies. It is noted that the introduction of the "Elinos" system made it possible to reduce the costs of implementing the educational process using e-learning and distance technologies in online and mixed modes, to transfer almost all students and pedagogical workers to the use of a cloud solution without using additional software The article also describes in detail technical means of implementation and the external interface of the developed system. The functional of managing educational content, building educational trajectories, conducting various forms of testing is described. Comparative values of cost reduction in the implementation of commercial, free and specially developed software electronic environments are given. Demonstrated EIOS tools, allowing to reduce the complexity of mastering by students, as well as by the teaching staff. As a feature of the system, it is noted the presence of cloud storage located on the servers of the university and supporting the placement of all educational materials and students' files. It is noted that it is possible to connect a two-factor authorization mechanism based on students' mobile devices. The practical efficiency of the applied solutions is shown.