bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expression profile and bioinformatics analysis of circular RNAs in acute ischemic stroke in a South Chinese Han population
Authors: Li Shenghua , Chen Lan , Xu Chen , Qu Xiang , Qin Zhenxiu , Gao Jinggui , Li Jinpin , Liu Jingli
Published: June 2020

Recent studies have found that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play crucial roles not only in the normal growth and the development of different tissues and organs but also in the pathogenesis and progression of various disorders. However, the expression patterns and the function of circRNAs in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in the South Chinese Han population are unclear. In the present study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data was generated from 3 AIS patients and 3 healthy controls. The circRNAs were detected and identified by CIRI2 and Find_circ software. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses were used to detect the expression of circRNAs. Meanwhile, the potential diagnostic value of the selected circRNAs for AIS was assessed by generating receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with area under curve (AUC). The bioinformatic analysis of the host genes of differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs was performed by gene ontology (GO) enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, KOBAS for pathway analysis and regulatory network analysis. miRNA-circRNA and miRNA-mRNA interactions were predicted by using TargetScan, miRanda and starBase. CircRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction networks were created with Cytoscape. Our result showed that there were 2270 DE circRNAs between AIS patients and healthy controls. Among them, 659 were found upregulated and 1611 were downregulated. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the DE circRNAs were related to the following biological processes: endocytosis, energy metabolism, apoptosis, FoxO signaling pathway, platelet activation, neurotrophin signaling pathway and VEGF signaling pathway, which may be associated with the pathological of AIS. Three randomly selected circRNAs were successfully validated by qRT‐PCR. The results show that hsa_circ_0005548 was significantly upregulated, while hsa_circ_0000607 and hsa_circ_0002465 were significantly downregulated in AIS. Furthermore, the AUC values for hsa_circ_005548, hsa_circ_0000607 and hsa_circ_0002465 were 0.51, 0.75 and 0.69, respectively, suggesting that hsa_circ_0000607 and hsa_circ_0002465 could be potential biomarkers for AIS. In addition, Bcl2 was predicted to be a direct target of miR-337-3p, and hsa_circRNA_0000607 was predicted to act as a sponge for miR-337-3p. Thus, hsa_circ_0000607 may be involved in AIS by regulating the miR-337-3p/Bcl2 axis. Collectively, our findings indicate that numerous dysregulated circRNAs may play pivotal functional roles in AIS and hsa_circ_0000607 may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of AIS by regulating the miR-337-3p/Bcl2 axis.
Triggering of eruptions at Axial Seamount, Juan de Fuca Ridge
Authors: Cabaniss Haley E. , Gregg Patricia M. , Nooner Scott L. , Chadwick William W.
Published: June 2020

The submarine volcano Axial Seamount has exhibited an inflation predictable eruption cycle, which allowed for the successful forecast of its 2015 eruption. However, the exact triggering mechanism of its eruptions remains ambiguous. The inflation predictable eruption pattern suggests a magma reservoir pressure threshold at which eruptions occur, and as such, an overpressure eruption triggering mechanism. However, recent models of volcano unrest suggest that eruptions are triggered when conditions of critical stress are achieved in the host rock surrounding a magma reservoir. We test hypotheses of eruption triggering using 3-dimensional finite element models which track stress evolution and mechanical failure in the host rock surrounding the Axial magma reservoir. In addition, we provide an assessment of model sensitivity to various temperature and non-temperature-dependent rheologies and external tectonic stresses. In this way, we assess the contribution of these conditions to volcanic deformation, crustal stress evolution, and eruption forecasts. We conclude that model rheology significantly impacts the predicted timing of through-going failure and eruption. Models consistently predict eruption at a reservoir pressure threshold of 12–14 MPa regardless of assumed model rheology, lending support to the interpretation that eruptions at Axial Seamount are triggered by reservoir overpressurization.
Author Correction: Bacterial community analysis of floor dust and HEPA filters in air purifiers used in office rooms in ILAS, Beijing
Authors: Guo Jianguo , Xiong Yi , Kang Taisheng , Xiang Zhiguang , Qin Chuan
Published: June 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Positive-negative tunable liquid crystal lenses based on a microstructured transmission line
Authors: Algorri J. F. , Morawiak P. , Bennis N. , Zografopoulos D. C. , Urruchi V. , Rodríguez-Cobo L. , Jaroszewicz L. R. , Sánchez-Pena J. M. , López-Higuera J. M.
Published: June 2020

In this work, a novel technique to create positive-negative tunable liquid crystal lenses is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. This structure is based on two main elements, a transmission line acting as a voltage divider and concentric electrodes that distribute the voltage homogeneously across the active area. This proposal avoids all disadvantages of previous techniques, involving much simpler fabrication process (a single lithographic step) and voltage control (one or two sources). In addition, low voltage signals are required. Lenses with switchable positive and negative focal lengths and a simple, low voltage control are demonstrated. Moreover, by using this technique other optical devices could be engineered, e.g. axicons, Powell lenses, cylindrical lenses, Fresnel lenses, beam steerers, optical vortex generators, etc. For this reason, the proposed technique could open new venues of research in optical phase modulation based on liquid crystal materials.
From extraocular photoreception to pigment movement regulation: a new control mechanism of the lanternshark luminescence
Authors: Duchatelet Laurent , Sugihara Tomohiro , Delroisse Jérôme , Koyanagi Mitsumasa , Rezsohazy René , Terakita Akihisa , Mallefet Jérôme
Published: June 2020

The velvet belly lanternshark, Etmopterus spinax, uses counterillumination to disappear in the surrounding blue light of its marine environment. This shark displays hormonally controlled bioluminescence in which melatonin (MT) and prolactin (PRL) trigger light emission, while α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) play an inhibitory role. The extraocular encephalopsin (Es-Opn3) was also hypothesized to act as a luminescence regulator. The majority of these compounds (MT, α-MSH, ACTH, opsin) are members of the rapid physiological colour change that regulates the pigment motion within chromatophores in metazoans. Interestingly, the lanternshark photophore comprises a specific iris-like structure (ILS), partially composed of melanophore-like cells, serving as a photophore shutter. Here, we investigated the role of (i) Es-Opn3 and (ii) actors involved in both MT and α-MSH/ACTH pathways on the shark bioluminescence and ILS cell pigment motions. Our results reveal the implication of Es-Opn3, MT, inositol triphosphate (IP3), intracellular calcium, calcium-dependent calmodulin and dynein in the ILS cell pigment aggregation. Conversely, our results highlighted the implication of the α-MSH/ACTH pathway, involving kinesin, in the dispersion of the ILS cell pigment. The lanternshark luminescence then appears to be controlled by the balanced bidirectional motion of ILS cell pigments within the photophore. This suggests a functional link between photoreception and photoemission in the photogenic tissue of lanternsharks and gives precious insights into the bioluminescence control of these organisms.
The association of inflammasome and TLR2 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to tuberculosis in the Han Taiwanese population
Authors: Liu Chi-Wei , Lin Chou-Jui , Hu Hui-Chun , Liu Hsiu-Jung , Chiu Yu-Chi , Lee Shih-Wei , Wu Lawrence Shih-Hsin
Published: June 2020

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a global public health concern. Although inflammasome and the toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) genes play an important role in host defense against Mtb, the associations of polymorphisms in these genes with TB risk are incompletely understood. A total of 230 TB patients and 213 individuals without TB were enrolled in this study. A significant difference in the frequencies of different AIM2 rs2276405 genotypes between the non-TB and TB groups was detected. When the patients were stratified by gender or age, significant differences in genotype frequencies at NLRP3 rs34298354 in men and in non-aged (≤65-year-old) subjects and at IFI16 rs1772408 in women were found. OR analysis showed that the TC rs34298354 genotype in NLRP3 was associated with reduced risk of TB. In women, the AG rs1772408 genotype in IFI16 was associated with decreased TB risk. Haplotype analysis showed that, in comparison with the most common haplotype (T-T) of rs3804099-rs3804100 in the TLR2 gene, the C-T haplotype was associated with an increased risk for TB. Our study indicates that rs34298354 in NLRP3 and rs1772408 in IFI16 protect individuals from TB, and that the less common TLR2 haplotype is associated with increased TB susceptibility.
Electric-field-induced supramolecular phase transitions at the liquid/solid interface: cat-assembly from solvent additives
Authors: Mahmood Ayyaz , Zeng Xingming , Saleemi Awais Siddique , Cheng Kum-Yi , Lee Shern-Long
Published: June 2020

The electrically triggered phase transformations of trimesic acid can be efficiently promoted to occur in an environment where trace levels of a highly polar solvent additive are present at the liquid/solid interface, as revealed by STM and DFT simulations.
Tuning the properties of atomically precise gold nanoclusters for biolabeling and drug delivery
Authors: Xu Man-Man , Jia Tong-Tong , Li Bingjie , Ma Wang , Chen Xiaoyuan , Zhao Xueli , Zang Shuang-Quan
Published: June 2020

The fluorescent properties of atomically precise nanoclusters have been regulated by solvent-induced atomic structure transformation and cationic polymer-induced self-assembly for cell imaging and drug delivery.
Construction of 14-metal lanthanide nanorings with NIR luminescence response to ions
Authors: Shi Dongliang , Yang Xiaoping , Ma Yanan , Niu Mengyu , Jones Richard A.
Published: June 2020

Two 14-metal lanthanide nanorings [Ln14(HL)2L20(DMF)8(H2O)8] (Ln = Nd(1) and Gd(2)) were constructed, and the Nd14 cluster displays luminescent sensing of metal cations and anions.
Highly textured lead-free piezoelectric polycrystals grown by the micro-pulling down freezing technique in the BaTiO3–CaTiO3system
Authors: Veber Philippe , Bartosiewicz Karol , Debray Jérôme , Pairis Sébastien , Motto-Ros Vincent , Borta-Boyon Ana , Levassort Franck , Velazquez Matias , Vera Ruben , Kamada Kei , Yoshikawa Akira
Published: June 2020

Growth of highly textured lead-free piezoelectric polycrystals in the BaTiO3–CaTiO3system by the micro-pulling down technique.
Hydrogen bond, ring tension and π-conjugation effects: methyl and vinyl substitutions dramatically change the photodynamics of Criegee intermediates
Authors: Li Yazhen , Gong Qianqian , Yang Jiawei , Feng Qianqian , Song Tingting , Wang Wenliang , Liu Fengyi
Published: June 2020

Dramatic substitution effects by saturated and unsaturated substituents on the photodynamics of Criegee intermediates.
Molecular absorption and mass spectrometry for complementary analytical study of fluorinated drugs in animal organisms
Authors: Gawor Andrzej , Konopka Anna , Ruszczyńska Anna , Pączek Leszek , Gajewski Zdzisław , Bulska Ewa
Published: June 2020

Comprehensive methodology for investigation of the interaction of fluorinated drugs with animals organisms.
Investigation of the photoluminescence and novel thermoluminescence dosimetric properties of NaGdF4:Tb3+ phosphors
Authors: Kulkarni Preeti Padhye , Gavhane Kishor H. , Bhadane Mahesh S. , Bhoraskar Vasant N. , Dahiwale Shailendra S. , Dhole Sanjay D.
Published: June 2020

Photoluminescence and novel thermoluminscence studies of the NaGdF4:Tb3+ phosphor.
Characterization of SERS platforms designed by electrophoretic deposition on CVD graphene and ITO/glass
Authors: Fioravanti Federico , Muñetón Arboleda David , Lacconi Gabriela I. , Ibañez Francisco J.
Published: June 2020

We perform electrophoretic deposition to control the assembly of citrate-coated Au nanoparticles on ITO/glass and graphene. We provide a simple and controllable method for the design of advanced SERS platforms.
Boosting activity and selectivity of glycerol oxidation over platinum–palladium–silver electrocatalysts via surface engineering
Authors: Zhou Yongfang , Shen Yi , Luo Xuanli , Liu Guo , Cao Yong
Published: June 2020

A series of platinum–palladium–silver nanoparticles with tunable structures were synthesized for glycerol electro-oxidation in both alkaline and acidic solutions.
Smart phone assisted, rapid, simplistic, straightforward and sensitive biosensing of cysteine over other essential amino acids by β-cyclodextrin functionalized gold nanoparticles as a colorimetric probe
Authors: Rajamanikandan Ramar , Lakshmi Asokan Dhivya , Ilanchelian Malaichamy
Published: June 2020

Herein, we have attempted the synthesis of β-CD functionalized AuNPs and then applied them as a colorimetric assay for the quantification of Cys over other different essential amino acids.
Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modelling studies of conophylline inspired novel indolyl oxoacetamides as potent pancreatic lipase inhibitors
Authors: S. N. C. Sridhar , Palawat Saksham , Paul Atish T.
Published: June 2020

Twenty-one indolyl oxoacetamides were designed and synthesized inspired by conophylline. Analogues 12c and 12b with N-geranyl substitution on indole exhibited potent pancreatic lipase inhibition.
Selective modification of sulfamidate-containing peptides
Authors: Mazo Nuria , Navo Claudio D. , Peregrina Jesús M. , Busto Jesús H. , Jiménez-Osés Gonzalo
Published: June 2020

Hybrid peptides whose N-terminal residues are activated in the form of α-methylisoserine cyclic sulfamidates exhibit rich reactivity as electrophiles, allowing site- and stereoselective modifications at different backbone and side chain positions.
Protein-assisted synthesis of nanoscale covalent organic frameworks for phototherapy of cancer
Authors: Sun Tingting , Xia Rui , Zhou Junli , Zheng Xiaohua , Liu Shi , Xie Zhigang
Published: June 2020

A protein-assisted synthesis method has been proposed for preparing stable covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with both photothermal and photodynamic activity under the excitation of a laser at a single wavelength.
Hydrogen storage characteristics of Li and Na decorated 2D boron phosphide
Authors: Khossossi Nabil , Benhouria Younes , Naqvi Syeda R. , Panda Pritam K. , Essaoudi Ismail , Ainane Abdelmajid , Ahuja Rajeev
Published: June 2020

Thermodynamics and electronic investigations of Li/Na-functionalized BP monolayer reveals that it may operate as an attractive basis material for hydrogen storage applications.
Mammalian GPI-anchor modifications and the enzymes involved
Authors: Liu Yi-Shi , Fujita Morihisa
Published: June 2020

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) is a glycolipid added to the C-terminus of a large variety of proteins in eukaryotes, thereby anchoring these proteins to the cell surface. More than 150 different human proteins are modified with GPI, and GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) play critical roles in embryogenesis, neurogenesis, immunity, and fertilization. GPI-APs are biosynthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and transported to the plasma membrane via the Golgi apparatus. During transport, GPI-APs undergo structural remodeling that is important for the efficient folding and sorting of GPI-APs. Asparagine-linked glycan-dependent folding and deacylation by PGAP1 work together to ensure that correctly folded GPI-APs are transported from the ER to the Golgi. Remodeling of the GPI lipid moiety is critical for the association of GPI-APs with lipid rafts. On the cell surface, certain GPI-APs are cleaved by GPI cleavage enzymes and released from the membrane, a key event in processes such as spermatogenesis and neurogenesis. In this review, we discuss the enzymes involved in GPI-AP biosynthesis and the fate of GPI-APs in mammalian cells, with a focus on the assembly, folding, degradation, and cleavage of GPI-APs.
Mitochondrial donation — hope for families with mitochondrial DNA disease
Authors: Craven Lyndsey , Murphy Julie L. , Turnbull Doug M.
Published: June 2020

In 2015, the UK became the first country to approve the use of mitochondrial donation. This novel in vitro fertilisation treatment was developed to prevent transmission of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) disease and ultimately give more reproductive choice to women at risk of having severely affected offspring. The policy change was a major advance that surmounted many scientific, legislative and clinical challenges. Further challenges have since been addressed and there is now an NHS clinical service available to families with pathogenic mtDNA mutations that provides reproductive advice and options, and a research study to look at the outcome at 18 months of children born after mitochondrial donation.
Efficient scheme for attenuators and phase shifters adjustment in analogue self‐interference cancellation for full‐duplex systems
Authors: Zhou Juan , Shen Ying , Chen Chao , Zhou Yang
Published: June 2020

With self‐interference cancellation (SIC), a wireless full‐duplex terminal is allowed to transmit and receive signal simultaneously in the same frequency band. In this study, the authors first briefly described the impact on the conventional analogue SIC method from the interested signal. To solve this problem, they propose a new practical analogue SIC scheme for full‐duplex systems, which is then mathematically analysed in terms of SIC capacity. Simulation results show that the analogue SIC performance obtained by the proposed method outperform the existing analogue SIC method.
Enhanced physical layer security for cognitive radio systems through joint spectrum access and power allocation
Authors: Karimi Mohammad , Sadough Seyed Mohammad Sajad , Torabi Mohammad
Published: June 2020

Physical layer (PHY) security is an important issue in wireless communication systems. In this study, the authors investigate the interactions between the PHY security performance and the spectrum access technique in a cooperative cognitive radio (CR) network. In the classical spectrum access, if the measured energy on a given subchannel is less than a threshold, the subband is dedicated for CR transmission. Here, they consider a probabilistic spectrum access (PSA), which assigns to each primary subchannel a probability which is determined according to the measured energy on that subchannel. In addition, both spectrum access and CR power allocation are performed simultaneously. They formulate the general outage probability and some important PHY security performance metrics, such as average secrecy rate, secrecy outage probability, and probability of positive secrecy rate in terms of the spectrum access and optimal power allocation functions. The authors' numerical analysis indicates that the PSA method achieves a superior PHY security and outage performance compared to the classical threshold‐based spectrum sensing and power allocation method.
Multidisciplinary analysis of a 750 kW PMSM for marine propulsion including shock loading response
Authors: Prieto Borja , Satrústegui Marco , Elósegui Ibon , Gil‐Negrete Nere
Published: June 2020

This study presents the electromagnetic, thermal and mechanical analysis of a 750 kW, 1200 rpm, 690 V surface permanent magnet motor aimed at marine propulsion (azimuth thruster). Based on a preliminary machine design, key electromagnetic design aspects including magnet demagnetisation and magnet loss reduction by tangential and axial segmentation are assessed. Then, three different cooling solutions are evaluated via computational fluid dynamics simulations combining the use of a water‐jacket surrounding the stator, wafters attached to the rotor structure and the addition of an inner fan. Subsequently, the dynamic design analysis method is applied in order to check the machine's response to shock loadings due to underwater explosions. Finally, a machine prototype is successfully manufactured and tested, showing the proper fulfilment of the design requirements.
Investigations of cable termination thermal analysis under continuous current loading
Authors: Gouda Osama E. , El Dein Mohamed Adel Z.
Published: June 2020

In this study, alternative methodological approaches are used to calculate the temperature distribution along the length of the termination of a single core cable. The analysis is done based on the heat flow produced by cable conductor and heat transfer by conduction, convection, and radiation. A comparison of the obtained temperature distribution along the cable termination length and the cable adjacent part using an analytical method with the results of both actual measurements and calculations done by finite‐element method (FEM) was done, which revealed a good agreement for various load currents. The performed computations by using the analytical method and FEM gave results within ±6% difference with measured conductor temperature. The influences of the cable loading current and the insulation thermal conductivity of the cable termination on its maximum temperature rise along the length of the cable termination have been discussed. Finally, this study is concerned with the measurement and prediction of the temperature distribution in the cable termination. More clarifications of the used measured technique and prediction approaches are presented in the study.
Multi‐criteria protection scheme for online element failure detection in shunt capacitor banks
Authors: Goodarzi Ali , Allahbakhshi Mehdi , Tajdinian Mohsen , Popov Marjan
Published: June 2020

This paper deals with a fault detection investigation of SCBs, and it is focused on the faulty phase detection and the number of faulty capacitor units. Unlike previous methods, the proposed method provides a relay decision making criterion which determine the faulty capacitors, and the number of capacitor failures in case of multiple faulty phase conditions. The proposed algorithm is applied on different wye configurations of SCBs considering different protection designs (i.e., fuseless, internally and externally fused units). Since the detection of capacitor failures in SCBs are based on the fundamental phasor component, there may occur a significant delay in decision making in the case of an external short circuit fault in the power system. The aforementioned condition, which will be mathematically proven, happens due to a capacitor discharge after fault clearance. To deal with this condition, a method is proposed by applying an algorithm, in which the fundamental component of the voltage signal is extracted in one cycle. Performance evaluations associated with the proposed method are provided for different fault conditions, fault locations, and different levels of harmonics and, they are further discussed through the implementation of the proposed method in MATLAB environment.
Cinq concepts fondamentaux de la cyberpsychologie
Authors: Tisseron Serge
Published: June 2020

Le développement de l’intelligence artificielle va nous obliger à repenser plusieurs concepts clés de la psychologie : les machines interactives dotées d’empathie artificielle nous amèneront à ne plus considérer l’empathie et les émotions comme des éprouvés caractéristiques du vivant, mais comme des formes de liens unissant deux individus appartenant au même ordre ou à des ordres différents; le développement del’animismepourrait amener à attribuer à des objets des degrés de « personéité » venant remplacer la définition en termes de « tout ou rien » de ce qu’est une personne; le discours de l’intimitéannexé par des chatbots et autres robots conversationnels redéfiniront ce qu’est la vie privée; l’autorégulation, encouragée par certaines technologies numériques, sera empêchée par d’autres, obligeant à repenser ce qu’on appelle addiction; enfin le double mouvement d’externalisation de nos capacités somato-psychiques dans des machines, et de réintériorisation de celles-ci dans notre biologie même, selon un processus que nous appelonsd’exencorporation,changera la définition de l’homme.
Une inquiétante présidence tabula rasa
Authors: Bonnefon Gérard
Published: June 2020

L’auteur, par la lecture de références psychanalytiques et politiques, examine comment, dès l’annonce de sa candidature, l’actuel Président de la République impose ses conceptions et son vocabulaire pour exprimer ses refus d’agir. Il montre l’aspect antidémocratique des engagements du Président au détriment d’un discours attendu. Cette contradiction est analysée sur les plans politique et sociétal.
Influence of geometric variables on spur gear volume
Authors: Maputi Edmund S. , Arora Rajesh
Published: June 2020

Gear system optimization is currently topical amongst researchers. To this end, problem formulation is key and therefore knowledge of parameter influence and variation behaviour is indispensable. In this research work, four gear volume models were investigated for volume minimization while considering six variables viz. face width, module, pinion tooth, hardness, and pinion and gear shaft diameters. Three algorithms viz. teaching learning-based optimization (TLBO), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and firefly algorithm (FA) are employed to obtain the optimal volume and design parameter variation study. The convergence rate of each algorithm for each gear model is contrasted against other algorithms applied in the study. Experimental runs have also been conducted to determine standard deviation and mean values. Variation studies on the volume objective reflect relevant observations noted for parameter setting and optimization. The results obtained can assist the designer in setting designer preferences with minimal resources expended thereby improving the problem-solving exercise.
On-orbit calibration of geostationary electron and proton flux observations for augmentation of an existing empirical radiation model
Authors: Rodriguez Juan V. , Denton Michael H. , Henderson Michael G.
Published: June 2020

Challenges faced in the quantitative use of long-term radiation belt data sets include establishing their relative accuracy and correcting for on-orbit degradation. An existing empirical model of energetic plasmas (0.001–40 keV) in geosynchronous orbit has been extended in energy to several hundred keV by incorporating observations from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) 13 and 15 magnetospheric electron detector (MAGED) and magnetospheric proton detector (MAGPD). In order to ensure the accuracy of this energy range extension, the following steps were taken: (1) removing noise bursts; (2) intra-calibrating the nine solid state telescopes comprising each MAGED or MAGPD; (3) cross-calibrating GOES 13 and 15; and (4) cross-calibrating magnetospheric plasma analyzer (MPA) and GOES fluxes, the necessary final step in augmenting an MPA-based model with GOES data. The MAGED and MPA electron fluxes were demonstrated to agree well at the energy (40 keV) where they overlap, while the MAGPD proton fluxes exhibited a severe long-term degradation compared to MPA. This problem is related to the well-known long-term degradation of the proton fluxes from the similar medium energy proton and electron detector (MEPED) proton telescopes on the POES and Metop satellites in low-Earth orbit. Results of this on-orbit calibration work are used to reconsider long-standing hypotheses about the cause of degradation in similar proton telescopes.
Auswirkungen eines Schnullers mit besonders dünnem Saugerhals auf die Okklusion im Milchgebiss – Ergebnisse einer randomisierten klinischen Studie
Authors: Wagner Yvonne , Heinrich-Weltzien Roswitha
Published: June 2020

Ziel Evaluierung der Auswirkungen eines Schnullers mit besonders dünnem Saugerhals auf die Okklusion im Milchgebiss bei Kindern mit zuvor diagnostiziertem frontal offenen Biss (FOB) und vergrößertem Overjet (horizontalem Überbiss).

Methoden Durchführung einer prospektiven randomisierten klinischen Studie in der Abteilung für Präventive Zahnheilkunde und Kinderzahnheilkunde am Universitätsklinikum Jena, Deutschland. 86 Kleinkinder (Durchschnittsalter 20,3 Monate) mit Schnuller-assoziiertem offenen Biss oder Overjet von ≥ 2 mm wurden randomisiert einer von 3 Gruppen zugewiesen: Gruppe I (n = 28), Interventionsgruppe, Umstellung auf Schnuller mit besonders dünnem Saugerhals; Gruppe II (n = 30), Kontrollgruppe, Weiterverwendung des bisherigen Schnullers (konventioneller oder physiologischer Schnuller); und Gruppe III (n = 28), Interventionsgruppe, Goldstandard, Abgewöhnung des Schnullers. Die Kinder wurden über einen Zeitraum von 12 Monaten beobachtet.

Ergebnisse Nach 12 Monaten wurden die Daten von 63 Kindern (mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 33,1 Monaten) analysiert (I: n = 24; II: n = 22; III: n = 17). Dabei zeigte sich zwischen den Gruppen ein signifikanter Unterschied in Bezug auf Overjet und Overbite. Kinder, die den Schnuller mit besonders dünnem Saugerhals verwendeten, hatten signifikant bessere Ergebnisse bezüglich Overjet und Overbite als Kinder mit konventionellem oder physiologischem Schnuller. Kinder, denen der Schnuller abgewöhnt worden war, wiesen die besten Messergebnisse auf.

Schlussfolgerung Die Verwendung eines Schnullers mit besonders dünnem Saugerhals resultierte im Vergleich zur weiterführenden Benutzung eines konventionellen oder physiologischen Schnullers in besseren klinischen Messergebnissen für Overjet und Overbite.
Fetal Intrapericardial Teratomas: An Update
Authors: Yuan Shi-Min
Published: June 2020

Fetal intrapericardial teratomas are rare and benign cardiac tumors. By
comprehensive literature retrieval of the pertinent articles published since
2000, 49 articles with 61 cases of intrapericadial teratomas were recruited into
this study. The intrapericardial teratomas were found during pregnancy in 55
cases (fetal group), while the tumors were detected until neonatal period in 6
cases (neonatal group). In the fetal group, 15 cases were critical with
fetal/neonatal respiratory distress or cardiac tamponade. Antenatal
treatments including centesis, shunt placement, open fetal surgery and the ex
utero intrapartum treatment were required in 24 (43.6%) fetal cases.
Postnatal intubation was required in 19 cases with 18 of them having immediate
intubation after birth. Postnatal tumor resection was performed in 41
(95.3%) cases. In neonatal group, 4 neonates had respiratory distress
and/or cardiac tamponade. Neonatal intubation was required in 1
(16.7%) patient. Surgical tumor resection was performed in all 6
patients. A comparison between the fetal and neonatal groups revealed that the
fetal group was associated with higher refractory effusions while the neonatal
group had a higher incidence of respiratory distress. Although the all cause
death rate was higher in the fetal group than in the neonatal (25.5 vs.
0%), but lack of a statistical significance. Antenatal treatments for
fetal intrapericardial teratomas are feasible but carry higher risks in
comparison to neonatal cases.
Störungen der Gallemetabolisation bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Sturm Ekkehard , Slavetinsky Christoph J.
Published: June 2020

Genetische Störungen der Gallemetabolisation sind seltene Ursachen einer Cholestase im Kindesalter. Der Nachweis pathogener Varianten von Genen, die für Determinanten des Stoffwechsels und Transports von Gallebestandteilen kodieren, ist durch neueste Entwicklungen in der genetischen Diagnostik zunehmend einfacher und schneller. Erkrankungen im Stoffwechsel und Transport von Gallebestandteilen sind unterteilt in mehrere Unterformen, die anhand des betroffenen Gens definiert werden. Die frühzeitige Diagnose ist sehr wichtig, da eine anhand des Phäno- oder Genotyps ausgewählte Therapie sowohl Morbidität als auch Letalität senken kann. Bei einigen Unterformen kann Ursodeoxycholsäure (UDCA) oder eine partielle interne oder externe Gallediversion erfolgreich eingesetzt werden. Häufig ist ein hartnäckiger cholestatischer Pruritus das klinische Leitsymptom. Bei Varianten, die zu einem vollkommenen Funktionsverlust eines Transportproteins führen, ist das Risiko für die Entwicklung eines hepatozellulären Karzinoms erhöht und häufig eine Lebertransplantation notwendig. Handelt es sich um Defekte der Gallensäuresynthese, ist eine Substitutionstherapie primärer Gallensäuren häufig erfolgreich.
Kommunikative Kompetenz bei Mehrsprachigkeit und komplexer Kommunikationsbeeinträchtigung ermöglichen
Authors: Lingk Lena , Boenisch Jens
Published: June 2020

Alternative and Augmentative Communication (AAC) is demanding a stronger inclusion of multilingualism. The implementation therefor is aggravated by the lack of multilingual communication aids and difficult collaboration with parental home. The German-Arabic communication aids demonstrate ways in which aspects of language acquisition theory and features of communicative competence can be conveyed. These can be used to encourage multilingualism. Additionally, collaborative opportunities with parents are outlined.
Neonatale Cholestase
Authors: Grothues Dirk , Lang Thomas , Knoppke Birgit , Melter Michael
Published: June 2020

Der sogenannte physiologische Neugeborenenikterus ist sehr häufig. Er beruht auf einer Erhöhung ausschließlich des unkonjugierten Bilirubins und ist lediglich in den ersten 14 Lebenstagen physiologisch. Persistiert er über den 14. Lebenstag hinaus, ist das pathologisch. Um zu diesem Zeitpunkt die ungefährliche Persistenz einer unkonjugierten, von einer konjugierten Hyperbilirubinämie zu unterscheiden, bedarf es einer zeitnahen Bilirubindifferenzierung. Kommt es zu irgendeinem Zeitpunkt zu einem Anteil an konjugiertem Bilirubin von > 1 mg/dl, ist die Ursache dieses unmittelbar abzuklären und der Patient hierzu einem pädiatrischen Gastroenterologen vorzustellen. Alle neonatalen Erkrankungen mit konjugierter Hyperbilirubinämie werden als neonatale Cholestase (NC) bezeichnet, die mit einer Inzidenz von ca. 1:2500 Lebendgeborene vermutet wird. Die Ursachen einer solchen sind äußerst zahlreich. Die häufigste singuläre Ursache ist die Gallengangatresie (GGA). Die NC stellt einen „Notfall“ dar, da nur durch eine frühe Diagnose die Vermeidung oder Verminderung konsekutiver Schäden durch (1) generell die NC (v. a. schwerwiegende Blutungen) sowie (2) speziell die kausale Störung (z. B. bei GGA) möglich ist. Bei einer Reihe v. a. metabolischer, endokrinologischer, obstruktiver und infektiöser NC-Ursachen sind die Patienten „akut“ krank und haben einen unmittelbaren Therapiebedarf. Bei den übrigen Patienten geht es primär v. a. darum, zeitnah eine GGA abzuklären, da GGA-Patienten deutlich von einer Portoenterostomie (Kasai-OP) vor dem 60. (30.) Lebenstag profitieren. Daher ist bei Persistenz eines entfärbten Stuhls oder regelmäßig gelblich gefärbtem Urin als Ausdruck eines fehlenden intestinalen Galleflusses über die 3. Lebenswoche hinaus, eine unmittelbare Visualisation der Gallengänge nötig. Aufgrund seiner systembasierten Vorteile sollte dabei, wenn immer möglich, eine endoskopisch retrograde Cholangio-Pankreatikographie (ERCP) der intraoperativen Cholangiographie vorgezogen werden.

Die Therapieoptionen der NC beschränken sich oft auf die konsekutiven Störungen aufgrund der Cholestase, wie den Pruritus und die Malabsorption von Fett und fettlöslichen Vitaminen.
Erkennungsraten von chemosensorisch evozierten Potenzialen bei gesunden und anosmischen Erwachsenen
Authors: Gudziol Hilmar , Baldow Elisabeth , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando , Bitter Thomas
Published: June 2020

Hintergrund Die Detektionsrate von olfaktorischen chemosensorischen ereignisbezogenen EEG-Potenzialen (oCSERP) und trigeminalen chemosensorischen ereignisbezogenen EEG-Potenzialen (tCSERP) ist auch abhängig vom Reizstoff und vom Beurteiler der gemittelten EEG-Kurven.

Methodik Es wurden bei 45 Probanden mit altersentsprechendem Riechvermögen (NP) und 20 Anosmikern (AN) oCSERP (Reizung mit Schwefelwasserstoff, H2S 6 ppm, und Phenylethylalkohol, PEA 30 % v/v) sowie tCSERP (Reizung mit CO2 20–60 % v/v, intensitätsnormiert) standardmäßig abgeleitet. Die gemittelten EEG-Kurven wurden von 2 Untersuchern kategorisiert in: CSERP erkennbar, kein CSERP erkennbar, Artefakt. Untersucher 2 war in Bezug auf die Gruppenzuordnung der Probanden verblindet, Untersucher 1 hingegen nicht.

Ergebnisse AN benötigten im Vergleich zu NP höhere trigeminale Reizkonzentrationen bei gleichem Intensitätsrating. Die Aufmerksamkeit (Trackingspiel) verschlechterte sich im Testverlauf nicht. Die Detektionsrate von H2S-CSERP war höher als die von CO2-CSERP und PEA-CSERP. Die Übereinstimmung der Detektionsraten zwischen beiden Untersuchern bei H2S-CSERP war höher als bei CO2-CSERP und bei PEA-CSERP.

Schlussfolgerung Für die standardmäßige Ableitung von oCSERP reicht gewöhnlich eine Reizung mit H2S. Auf eine Stimulation mit PEA und CO2 wie auch auf einen verblindeten zweiten Untersucher kann verzichtet werden.
Nickel-Catalyzed anti-Selective Alkyne Functionalization Reactions
Authors: Wilger Dale J. , Bottcher Sydney E. , Hutchinson Lauren E.
Published: June 2020

Nickel-catalyzed anti-selective alkyne functionalization reactions are reviewed with an emphasis on the mechanisms that lead to their observed stereoselectivity. Since the isomerization of alkenylnickel species plays a key role in a large number of these reactions, the potential mechanisms for these processes are also described in detail.

1 Introduction

2 anti-Selective Hydroarylation

3 anti-Selective Carboborylation

4 anti-Selective Dicarbofunctionalization

4.1 Carbocyanative Cyclization

4.2 Cyclization with Aryl Donors

4.3 Cyclization with CO2

4.4 Intermolecular Dicarbofunctionalization

5 anti-Selective Carbosulfonylation

6 Alkenylnickel Isomerization

7 Conclusions
Putting It All Together: Clinical Considerations in the Care of Critically Ill Obstetric Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Oxford-Horrey Corrina , Savage Megan , Prabhu Malavika , Abramovitz Sharon , Griffin Kelly , LaFond Elyse , Riley Laura , Easter Sarah Rae
Published: June 2020

Pregnant patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus responsible for the clinical condition newly described in 2019 as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and illness severity to warrant intensive care have a complex disease process that must involve multiple disciplines. Guidelines from various clinical societies, along with direction from local health authorities, must be considered when approaching the care of an obstetric patient with known or suspected COVID-19. With a rapidly changing landscape, a simplified and cohesive perspective using guidance from different clinical society recommendations regarding the critically-ill obstetric patient with COVID-19 is needed. In this article, we synthesize various high-level guidelines of clinical relevance in the management of pregnant patients with severe disease or critical illness due to COVID-19.

Key Points
Significant magnetospheric waves display surprising correlations
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: June 2020

Typically, electron cyclotron harmonic waves in Earth’s magnetosphere are treated as independent from its whistler-mode waves, but data suggests a complex energy transfer process between the two.
A Porous CoII-MOF for CO2 Cycloaddition and the Protective Effect against Staphylococcus aureus Systemic Infection in the Department of Ultrasound
Authors: Cai Jin , Zou Peng-Fei
Published: June 2020

A new metal-organic framework (MOF) based on CoII ions as nodes, [Co2(H2O)3(cada)](DMF)4, which has coordinated water molecules at the occupied CoII sites along with a suitable pore environment, was constructed by reaction of 5,5′-(9H-carbazole-2,7-diyl)diisophthalic acid (H4cada) and Co(NO3)2·6H2O in a water and DMF mixed solvent. The resulting activated MOF 1ais able to uptake considerable amounts of CO2 at room temperature, and be further used for the efficient conversion of epoxides along with CO2 into cyclic carbonates under mild conditions without a co-catalyst. To control intra-hospital cross-infection in the Department of Ultrasound, the anti-bacterial activity of the compound was assessed in a systemic Staphylococcus aureus infection mouse model. The survival rate of systemic Staphylococcus aureus infected mice after compound treatment was determined to evaluate protective effect of the compound invivo. The number of colony-forming units (CFUs) in the organs of infected mice was also counted for further verification.
A tractable latent variable model for nonlinear dimensionality reduction
Authors: Saul Lawrence K.
Published: June 2020

Significance

Latent variable models (LVMs) are powerful tools for discovering hidden structure in data. Canonical LVMs include factor analysis, which explains the correlation of a large number of observed variables in terms of a smaller number of unobserved ones, and Gaussian mixture models, which reveal clusters of data arising from an underlying multimodal distribution. In this paper, we describe a conceptually simple and equally effective LVM for nonlinear dimensionality reduction (NLDR), where the goal is to discover faithful, neighborhood-preserving embeddings of high-dimensional data. Tools for NLDR can help researchers across all areas of science and engineering to better understand and visualize their data. Our approach elevates NLDR into the family of problems that can be studied by especially tractable LVMs.
Macrofaunal control of microbial community structure in continental margin sediments
Authors: Deng Longhui , Bölsterli Damian , Kristensen Erik , Meile Christof , Su Chih-Chieh , Bernasconi Stefano Michele , Seidenkrantz Marit-Solveig , Glombitza Clemens , Lagostina Lorenzo , Han Xingguo , Jørgensen Bo Barker , Røy Hans , Lever Mark Alexander
Published: June 2020

Significance

The majority of the seafloor is bioturbated by macrofauna and most organic carbon mineralization in marine sediments is performed by microorganisms inhabiting bioturbated sediment. However, little is known about how sediment macrofauna influence the community structure of these microorganisms. We show that microbial community composition differs systematically between bioturbated and nonbioturbated sediments across divergent continental margin settings. While microbial communities in bioturbated surface sediments are regulated by macrofauna-controlled geochemical variables, subsurface microbial communities show site-related trends, which correspond to differences in organic carbon sources. Our study produces insights into the controls on microbial community structure in marine sediments. Such insights are necessary to understand the inner workings of the global carbon cycle.
Phase transition of RNA−protein complexes into ordered hollow condensates
Authors: Alshareedah Ibraheem , Moosa Mahdi Muhammad , Raju Muralikrishna , Potoyan Davit A. , Banerjee Priya R.
Published: June 2020

Significance

Vesicular assemblies play crucial roles in the subcellular organization as well as in biotechnological applications. Classically, the ability to form such assemblies was primarily assigned to lipids and lipid-like amphiphilic molecules. Here, we show that disordered RNA−protein complexes can form vesicle-like ordered assemblies at disproportionate mixture compositions. We also show that the ability to form vesicular assemblies is generic to multicomponent systems where phase separation is driven by heterotypic interactions. We speculate that such vesicular assemblies play crucial roles in the formation of dynamic multilayered subcellular membraneless organelles and can be utilized to fabricate novel stimuli-responsive microscale systems.
Muscle myosins form folded monomers, dimers, and tetramers during filament polymerization in vitro
Authors: Liu Xiong , Shu Shi , Korn Edward D.
Published: June 2020

Significance

Muscle myosins polymerize into thick filaments that drive muscle contraction by interaction with actin thin filaments. The details of muscle myosin polymerization into thick filaments are not known. Current hypotheses are that elongated myosin monomers form antiparallel dimers that polymerize into filaments. However, we find polymerization in vitro of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle myosins involves formation of monomers with folded tails, tail-folded dimers, and tail-folded tetramers. These observations should stimulate studies of the pathway of formation of muscle myosins in vitro and in vivo including the possible roles of the multiple myosin-associated proteins on in vivo polymerization.
Vitamin B12 and folic acid alleviate symptoms of nutritional deficiency by antagonizing aryl hydrocarbon receptor
Authors: Kim Daniel J. , Venkataraman Arvind , Jain Priyanka Caroline , Wiesler Eleanor P. , DeBlasio Melody , Klein Jonathan , Tu Stephanie S. , Lee Seohyuk , Medzhitov Ruslan , Iwasaki Akiko
Published: June 2020

Significance

Vitamin B12 and folic acid (FA) deficiencies present with symptoms like anemia and birth defects, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that B12 and FA antagonize aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which has been implicated in anemia and birth defects. We found that treatments with B12/FA rescued mice from AhR agonist-mediated anemia, fatty livers, and cleft palates. B12/FA-deficient mice exhibited higher AhR transcriptional activity and faulty erythropoiesis that were abrogated with AhR deficiency. Last, we verified that human samples lacking functional B12/FA uptake exhibit higher expression of AhR target genes and lower transcription of pathways implicated in birth defects. Our study provides a parsimonious explanation for how deficiency symptoms arise and informs other comorbidities driven by AhR hyperstimulation.
When the classic speaks for children
Authors: Chen Xi
Published: June 2020

Bob Dylan has significantly influenced American song tradition and popular music for more than five decades. As his songs are famous for the creative poetic expressions, they are not merely song lyrics, but also can be regarded as lyric poems. This paper aims to investigate the retranslation of Bob Dylan’s songs in bilingual picture books to explore how his classic musical works are repackaged both verbally and visually for contemporary children. The data for analysis are selected from two bilingual picture books on Dylan’s songs published in China in2018. Firstly, it conducts a detailed textual analysis of the English and Chinese song lyrics to analyze the appropriate translation strategies and methods for song translation. Secondly, based on visual narratives (Painter, Martin and Unsworth 2013), it analyzes the intersemiotic relations between texts and images in picture books to discuss how the emotions and narratives in Dylan’s songs are visually represented.
Narrative modulation in the storytelling of breast cancer survivors’ transitional experiences
Authors: Huang Mimi
Published: June 2020

This chapter aims to investigate breast cancer survivors’ diverse experiences and complex needs during the critical transitional periods between diagnosis, treatment and survivorship. The chapter proposes and develops an original concept of “narrative modulation” in storytelling, which is employed to analyse breast cancer survivors’ written narratives. The study finds that narrative modulators that function by image schemas, metaphors, frames, as well as psychosocial coping and adjustment strategies are instrumental in configuring and navigating breast cancer survivors’ journeys from health crisis to survivorship. The model of narrative modulation offers an original and useful analytical approach for researchers and healthcare practitioners to gain a nuanced and contextualised understanding of patients’ continual adaptations during cancer survivorship within their own socio-cultural and personal environments.