bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
As comissões de verdade e a ‘política dos restos’
Authors: De Sá Israel
Published: September 2022

A violência contra grupos políticos de resistência efetuada pela ditadura civil-militar é conhecida e, de certa forma, documentada; o que pouco se sabia, especialmente até a instituição das comissões de verdade já no século XXI, é que diversos sujeitos e grupos, historicamente marginalizados e violentados, também sofreram com a repressão ditatorial e ainda sofrem seus efeitos na contemporaneidade, por meio de um conjunto de dispositivos autoritários. Neste trabalho, ancorados nos estudos discursivos foucaultianos e fundamentados no método arqueogenealógico, buscamos: i) analisar e refletir sobre o papel dessas comissões (em especial da Nacional, de Minas Gerais e do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba) na visibilização desses sujeitos/grupos e na constituição de uma crítica do presente, suas condições de emergência e seu funcionamento discursivo; e ii) sobre os efeitos da ditadura na atualidade por meio do que denominamos “política dos restos”, focalizando mais especificamente a violência contra indígenas, fundamentalmente marcada no processo de demarcação de terras e na busca de consolidação da tese do marco temporal. Estas discussões estão sustentadas por projetos de pesquisa que visam compreender o processo de institucionalização das memórias daquele período e refletir sobre a formação do autoritarismo contemporâneo.
Por uma Arqueogenealogia dos Estudos Discursivos Foucaultianos no Brasil - Cartografias
Authors: Navarro Pedro , Sargentini Vanice
Published: September 2022

Entrevista com Maria do Rosario Gregolin.
Energy Absorption of an Abaca-Polyester Composite Material in Simulated Impact Tests
Authors: Guijarro Graciela , López Santiago , Abarca Edison , Caicedo Jorge , Castillo Edison
Published: September 2022

The present investigation analyzes the energy absorption properties of a polyester matrix composite material with abaca fiber reinforcement in search of an alternative material that can replace or reinforce certain elements of the frontal structure of a bus and reduce the risk of driver’s physical injury during a frontal collision. Mechanical tests were carried out with a 70% polyester and 30% abaca composite material, by volume, using a 5×50×3 mm square tubular shape with two reinforcement configurations – continuous longitudinal and discontinuous fiber of 10 mm at random. The mechanical properties required to simulate a frontal crash were obtained, substituting critical parts of the impact structure in an interprovincial bus. The composite material with longitudinal continuous fiber was analyzed, which showed improvements in the energy absorption capacity of the frontal structure of a bus.
Keywords: Abacá-polyester, composite material, driver safety, frontal impact simulation.
Resumen
La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar las propiedades de absorción de energía de un material compuesto matriz poliéster con refuerzo de fibras de abacá en busca de una alternativa que permita sustituir o reforzar ciertos elementos de la estructura frontal de un autobús, para disminuir el riesgo de daños físicos en el conductor durante un choque frontal. Se realizaron ensayos mecánicos con un material compuesto 70% poliéster y 30% abacá, en volumen; con forma tubular cuadrada 50x50x3mm con dos configuraciones de refuerzo: fibra continua longitudinal y discontinua a azar de 10mm. Se obtuvieron las propiedades mecánicas requeridas para simular un choque frontal, sustituyendo partes críticas de la estructura de impacto en un autobús tipo interprovincial. El material con fibra continua longitudinal analizado, mostró mejoras en la capacidad de absorción de energía de la estructura frontal de un autobús.
Palabras Clave: abacá-poliéster, material compuesto, seguridad del conductor, simulación de impacto.
Reliability-centered Maintenance: Implementation in the Area of Vehicle Fleet Maintenance
Authors: Bautista Sandro Patricio Arroyo , Moyano Luis Fernando Buenaño , Cárdenas Olga Beatriz Barrera , Padilla Celin Abad Padilla
Published: September 2022

This article presents the experiences and results of the application of Reliability-centered Maintenance to the automotive field. The application was carried out in the decentralized autonomous government of Santiago de Píllaro. First, an inventory, codification, and grouping in families of the fleet vehicles were elaborated; at the same time, a technical evaluation of the workshop and automotive maintenance personnel was carried out through interviews and surveys. Next, technical visits were made to determine the mechanical condition of the vehicle fleet. The information obtained made it possible to perform a critical analysis to identify the vehicles and automotive systems that represent a high potential risk of failure. Based on the results and using the RCM decision scheme, a maintenance plan proposal was designed with 26 maintenance tasks aimed at improving the reliability of the vehicle fleet.
Keywords: RCM, vehicle fleet, criticality, maintenance plan.
Resumen
En este trabajo se presentan las experiencias y resultados de la aplicación del Mantenimiento Centrado en la Confiabilidad al campo automotriz. La aplicación se realizó en el Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado de Santiago de Píllaro. En primera instancia se elaboró el inventario, codificación y agrupación en familias de los vehículos de la flota; a su vez se efectuó la evaluación técnica del taller y personal de mantenimiento automotriz mediante entrevistas y encuestas. A continuación, se realizaron visitas técnicas para determinar el estado mecánico de la flota vehicular. La información obtenida permitió ejecutar un análisis de criticidad para identificar a los vehículos y los sistemas automotrices que representan un alto potencial de riesgo de ocurrencia de falla. A partir de los resultados y mediante el esquema de decisión RCM se logró diseñar una propuesta de plan de mantenimiento con 26 tareas de mantenimiento tendientes a mejorar la confiabilidad de la flota vehicular.
Palabras Clave: RCM, flota vehicular, criticidad, plan de mantenimiento.
Prototype of Automated Machine for the Packaging of Water Drums
Authors: Silva Iván , Moyano Julio , García Eduardo , Cayán Juan
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to make a prototype for the packaging of water in drums in the city of Riobamba, Ecuador. It started with the mechanical design and the structural analysis of the drum structure using the SolidWorks software, followed by the selection of elements for the construction of the prototype, and the automation of the process using Siemens LOGO 8. Using a free software LOGO SOFT from the same line of the same manufacturer, it was proceeded to elaborate the programming by blocks. Next, the filling process was analyzed and a heat tunnel was designed. The heat tunnel comprised a structure incorporated with a pneumatic cylinder, allowing the vertical movement of the rod of coupling with the drum. Finally, the test results were registered which showed that 8220 drums of water can be packed in a month. The data from the field tests showed that a misadjustment was produced in the niquelina nozzles of the drums. The replacement of the nickeline nozzles with halogen lamps as a new system can prevent unplanned stops in the production line. An analysis of the point of balance of the prototype was realized, where it was established that a total 29,793.37 units must be packed annually so that the project does not generate an economic loss to the company.
Keywords: automation, productivity, drums, water, logo.
Resumen
El propósito del trabajo es realizar un prototipo para el envase de agua en bidones en la ciudad de Riobamba, se inicia con el diseño mecánico de su estructura por medio de la utilización del software SolidWorks donde se hace el análisis estructural, luego la selección de elementos para la construcción del prototipo, finalmente se realiza la automatización del proceso empleando LOGO 8 marca Siemens; donde utilizando un software libre LOGO SOFT de la misma línea del fabricante, se procede a elaborar la programación por bloques, a continuación se efectúa el análisis del proceso de llenado donde se diseña un túnel de calor que consta de una estructura donde se incorpora un cilindro neumático permitiendo que el movimiento vertical del vástago de acople con el bidón y finalmente se registra las pruebas en la que se consigue mensualmente envasar 8220 bidones de agua. En las pruebas realizadas en campo se toman los datos del funcionamiento y se determinó que en el sellado se producía un desajuste en las boquillas de niquelinas en el sellado del recipiente de los bidones de envase del agua, sustituyendo dicho elemento para corregir por lámparas halógenas como nuevo sistema evitando posibles paros en la línea de producción, finalmente se realiza un análisis del punto de equilibrio del prototipo donde se llega a establecer que se debe envasar un total 29793.37 unidades anualmente para que el proyecto no genere pérdidas económicas en la empresa.
Palabras Clave: automatización, productividad, bidones, agua, logo.
Autonomous System Based on Artificial Vision for the Ergonomic Evaluation of Forced Postures
Authors: Cando Danny , Gaibor Javier , Guamán Ángel , García Eduardo
Published: September 2022

This study describes the implementation of a job evaluation computer application using the RULA (Rapid Assessment of Upper Limbs) method based on an artificial vision to optimize test time. The RULA method was studied and understood, and a program was developed using the LabVIEW Graphics programming language. As a camera that met the requirements of this project, the Kinect for Windows V2 was selected, the main advantage of which is an active depth sensor based on the light that allows access to the data represented by a simple frame. This facilitated the development of algorithms. The purpose of this application is to considerably reduce the evaluation time of forced postures, in addition to offering advantages such as real-time monitoring of the operator’s exposure conditions to ergonomic risks due to poor posture and repetitive movements. The software has less variation in the scores obtained by the algorithms than analysts using traditional methods. It is concluded that with the implementation of the application based on an artificial vision for the evaluation, greater efficiency was achieved in the process, in terms of time and precision factors, obtaining reliable results from the use of these technologies.
Keywords: posture assessment, artificial vision, LabVIEW, RULA.
Resumen
El objetivo del trabajo es describir la implementación de una aplicación informática de evaluación del trabajo mediante el método RULA (Rapid Assessment of Upper Limbs) basado en visión artificial para optimizar el tiempo de prueba. De principio se realizó el estudio del arte acerca del método RULA, posteriormente desarrolló un programa utilizando el lenguaje de programación LabVIEW Graphics. A través de la selección de una cámara que cumpla con los requerimientos de este proyecto, se seleccionó la Kinect para Windows V2, cuyas ventajas principales son tener un sensor de profundidad activo basado en luz que permite el acceso a los datos representados por un marco simple, esto facilitó el desarrollo de algoritmos. Esta aplicación tiene como objetivo reducir considerablemente el tiempo de evaluación de posturas forzadas, además de ofrecer ventajas como el monitoreo en tiempo real de las condiciones de exposición del operador a riesgos ergonómicos por mala postura y movimientos repetitivos. El software tiene menos variación en las puntuaciones obtenidas por los algoritmos que los analistas que utilizan métodos tradicionales. Se concluye que, con la implementación de la aplicación basada en visión artificial para la evaluación se logró mayor eficiencia en el proceso, en términos de factores de tiempo y precisión, obteniendo resultados confiables a partir del uso de estas tecnologías.
Palabras Clave: evaluación de posturas, visión artificial, LabVIEW, RULA.
Analysis of the Thermal Behavior of a Vehicle Cabin Using a Dynamic Thermal Model
Authors: Trujillo-Tello Juan , Machado-Solís Christian , Vásconez-Núñez Daniela C. , Tello-Oquendo Fernando M.
Published: September 2022

This work analyzes the thermal behavior of a vehicle cabin by using a dynamic thermal model, which allows to accurately reproduce the vehicle interior temperature under different external environmental conditions. The thermal model considers heat transfer through the glazed and opaque surfaces of the vehicle using the energy balance method. It considers changes in weather conditions, vehicle geometry, body construction characteristics, types of opaque and glazed surfaces, and existing thermal loads. Experimental tests (with and without solar radiation) were carried out to validate the dynamic thermal model. The model predicts the temperature variations of the air inside the vehicle cabin. The results showed a maximum variation of 1.38 K without solar incidence and 3.78 K with solar radiation.
Keywords: dynamic thermal model, vehicle, heat balance, thermal load.
Resumen
El objetivo principal del presente trabajo fue analizar el comportamiento térmico de la cabina de un vehículo utilizando un modelo térmico dinámico, que permite reproducir de manera precisa el comportamiento de la temperatura interior del vehículo bajo distintas condiciones ambientales externas. El modelo térmico considera la transferencia de calor a través de las superficies acristaladas y opacas del vehículo utilizando el método de balance de energía, para lo cual se toman en cuenta los cambios en las condiciones climatológicas, la geometría del vehículo, las características constructivas de la carrocería, tipos de superficies opacas y acristaladas y las cargas térmicas existentes. Se realizaron ensayos experimentales (con y sin radiación solar) para validar el modelo térmico dinámico. El modelo permite reproducir las variaciones de la temperatura del aire interior de la cabina del vehículo. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una variación máxima de 1.38 K, sin incidencia solar y 3.78 K con radiación solar.
Palabras Clave: modelo térmico dinámico, vehículo, balance de calor, carga térmica.
COVID-CNNnet: Convolutional Neural Network for Coronavirus Detection
Authors: Alani Ali A. , Alani Ahmed A. , Abed AL Ani Khudhair A.M.
Published: September 2022

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is the most recent severe diseases that has spread globally at an exponential rate. During this crisis, any technological approach that allows highly precise early detection of COVID-19 infection will save many lives. The main clinical technique for COVID-19 recognition is the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). However, the RT-PCR testing tool is time-consuming, inaccurate and requires skilled medical staff. Therefore, auxiliary diagnostic tools should be developed to stop the spread of COVID-19 amongst people. Chest X-ray imaging is a readily available method that able to serve as an extremely good alternative for RT-PCR in identifying patients with COVID-19 diseases because it provides salient COVID-19 virus information. In this study, the COVID-CNNnet model proposed based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) deep learning (DL) algorithm, to detect COVID-19 cases rapidly and accurately based on patient chest X-ray images. The proposed COVID-CNNnet model aims to provide an accurate binary diagnostic classification for COVID-19 cases versus normal cases. To validate the proposed model, 3540 chest X-ray images were obtained from multiple sources, including 1770 images for COVID-19 cases. Results show that the COVID-CNNnet model can identify all classes (COVID-19 cases versus normal cases) with an accuracy of 99.86%. The proposed method can assist doctors diagnose COVID-19 cases effectively using chest X-ray images.
Mask RCNN Methods for Eyes Modelling
Authors: Hidayat Rahmat , Hendrick  , Riandini  , Wang Zhi-Hao , Gwo-Jiun Horng
Published: September 2022

Object detection is one of Deep Learning section in Computer Vision. The application of computer vision is divided into image classification and object detection. Object detection have target to find specific object from an image. The application of object detection for security are face recognition, and face detection. Face detection have been developed for medical application to identify emotion from faces. In this research, we proposed an eye modelling by using Mask RCNN. The eye model was applied in real time detection combined with OpenCV. The dataset was created from online dataset and image from webcam. The model was trained with 4 epochs and 131 iterations. The final model was successfully detected eye from real-time application.
E-Nose Application for Detecting Banana Fruit Ripe Levels Using Artificial Neural Network Backpropagation Method
Authors: Hendrick  , Efrizon  , Yultrisna  , Humaira  , Botto-Tobar Miguel , Silvia Yumna
Published: September 2022

Bananas are one of the largest horticultural commodities in Indonesia because in each region of Indonesia there are different types of bananas. Bananas are climacteric because they will feel the experience even though they have been harvested. Currently, the introduction of banana ripeness is still done in a conventional way by utilizing sight and smell. However, this method is not effective in determining fruit maturity because we cannot distinguish between ripe bananas and bananas that are in the early stages because they have almost the same color and aroma. So a system is designed that resembles the human sense of smell to accurately identify the level of ripeness of the fruit. The system is named Electronic Nose or abbreviated as e-Nose. The design of the e-Nose will be done using the Artificial Neural Network Backpropagation method. The results obtained from the application of E-Nose to detect the level of ripeness of bananas with the Artificial Neural Network Backpropagation method, which is a tool capable of predicting the ripeness condition of the bananas being tested so that accurate predictions are obtained and the prediction results are displayed on the website. The accuracy results obtained from the use of the Backpropagation Neural Network method for 3 categories (immature bananas, ripe bananas, and rotten bananas) are 100%, with an epoch of 2000.
Data Visualization Analytic for Understanding the Dynamics of Operating System Using Programming Language Paradigm
Authors: Moruf Adedeji Adeagbo , Adebimpe Agbaje Halimah , Adekunle Kasali Abdulwakil
Published: September 2022

Evolution of Programming Languages lead to the emergence of new one while the old one slowly fade away. The choice of most developer on Operating System depends on the Programming Language to execute a project. This infer that there is a connection between Programming Languages and Operating System. Hence, this study proposes a data visualization analytic to observe the trend of programming language usages over the years and their effects on Operating Systems. Dataset containing the usage of Programming Languages and Operating System were retrieved from GitHub, Flourish and Stack overflow using text mining that employed regex techniques and Python was used to implement data analytic and visualization. Considering the first ten popular Programming Languages from 330,936 instances, our result similar to the result of other research output with Python leading the Programing Languages. The result of change over time of Operating System shows that Window OS is tending toward negative path while Linux OS and Mac OS are tending toward positive path. Also, Java and JavaScript are mostly used on Window OS, Objective C and Swift are mostly used on Mac OS and Python is mostly used on Linux. The overall results over the years showed that programmers are consistently shifting from Window OS to Linux OS and Mac OS
Time-series analysis and statistical forecasting of daily rainfall in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Herho Sandy , Firdaus Gisma
Published: September 2022

This pilot study presents a novel statistical time-series approach for analyzing daily rainfall data in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. By using the piecewise cubic hermite interpolation algorithm, we succeeded in filling in the null values in the daily rainfall time series. We then analyzed the monthly average and its pattern using the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) algorithm, which shows the strong annual pattern of rainfall in this region. In addition, we use the rainfall anomaly index (RAI) function to standardize daily rainfall as an indicator of dry/wet conditions in this region. Then we also use the daily RAI time-series objects from 1978 to 2020 for modeling and predicting daily RAI over the next year. The result is the root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.8424041040593219. This Prophet model is also able to capture the linear trend of increasing drought throughout the study time period and the annual pattern of wet/dry conditions which is in accordance with previous study by Aldrian and Susanto (2003).
Dichotomous Clustering Method аnd Optimal Portfolio
Authors: Danilova Natalia V. , Zhitnikov Daniil I.
Published: September 2022

The problem of optimal portfolio finding is considered in the paper. Many papers are devoted to the solving of this problem in various its formulations, that is why the problem is relevant. For the solving of the problem the methods of robust optimization and machine learning are used, namely, the splitting of the sample of the random asset returns into clusters and subsequent construction of an ellipsoid in each cluster. The method of maximal likelihood is used for dividing on two clusters, the method of dichotomous clustering is used for dividing on several clusters. The sample average and the sample covariance matrix are used for the constructing of the ellipsoid; the radius is calculated based on the assumption that the sample elements have a normal distribution. The example of calculating the optimal portfolio is given. It uses the real values of the return vectors. In this case part of the sample is used to calculate the sample means and the sample covariance matrices of the clusters, the rest part of the sample is used for verification of the portfolio. The tables show the dependence of the optimal portfolio return on the model parameter and on the number of clusters (ellipsoids). The comparing of results is considered; there are cases in which there is an increase in the income of the investor.
Pengaruh Pendidikan Kewirausahaan dan Pengalaman Prakerin Terhadap Minat Berwirausaha Siswa SMK
Authors: Falah Nurul , Marlena Novi
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kewirausahaan dan pengalaman prakerin terhadap minat berwirausaha siswa SMK Negeri 1 Surabaya. Populasi penelitian ini berjumlah 133 Siswa kelas XI dan XII Jurusan Bisnis Daring dan Pemasaran dengan kriteria 1) telah memperoleh pendidikan kewirausahaan, 2) mengikuti program kewirausahaan di sekolah dan 3) mengikuti prakerin. Metode pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik sampling jenuh dengan menggunakan seluruh anggota populasi sebagai responden penelitian. Metode penelitian ini deskriptif kuantitatif dengan analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian ini  membuktikan bahwa: 1) Pendidikan kewirausahaan memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap minat berwirausaha, 2) Pengalaman prakerin memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap minat berwirausaha, 3) Pendidikan kewirausahaan dan pengalaman prakerin secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap minat berwirausaha.
Effect of Soil Compaction due to Organic Matter and 4-Wheel Tractor Traffic on Sugarcane Growth
Authors: Rizaldi T. , Putri F.N.E. , Rifai M.
Published: September 2022

Background: Soil compaction can occur due to the intensity of tractor traffic in the tillage process. The objective of this study was to determine the changes in physical, mechanical properties of the soil and plant growth that occurred due to tractor traffic and how it would affect if the addition of organic matter (compost) was added to the soil. Methods: The experimental work was conducted at the Sugarcane Plantation of PTPN II Klumpang at an initial soil moisture content of 24.69% and a bulk density of 1.08 gr/cm3 with compost and no compost then the land is traversed by the tractor with 2,4 and 6 passes. Result: The results of indicate that the tractor trajectory and the addition of compost have a significant effect on soil compaction. The highest values for water content, bulk density, particle density and penetration resistance were obtained at 6 times tractor traffic with soil without compost sowing respectively 35.36%, 1.31 gr/cm3, 1.87 gr/cm3, 9.61 kgf/cm2, while in soil with compost, the values obtained were 33.62%, 1.23 gr/cm3, 1.82 gr/cm3, 9.04 kgf/cm2, respectively. These findings indicated that the application of compost can reduce the level of soil density so that plant growth becomes better and more even rate of plant growth is obtained than without compost.
AMMI and GGE Biplot Analysis of Multi-environmrnt Seed Yield Data in Cluster Bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.]
Authors: Sharma Manish , Patel P.J. , Patel P.R. , Patel M.P.
Published: September 2022

Background: Cluster bean is a drought tolerant, warm season legume crop, cultivated mainly as a rain fed crop in arid and semi-arid regions of India. The productivity of guar seed is low as it is cultivated in varied and harsh environments so development of new varieties with stable performance over environments as well as identification of discriminative environments for proper testing of cultivars is absolutely essential. Methods: In the present study, 13 guar genotypes developed by pedigree method of breeding at Pulses Research Station, SDAU, S.K.Nagar were evaluated for yield performance during kharif 2020, at eight different locations. Pooled analysis of variance and stability analysis was performed by AMMI and GGE biplot. Result: The results of pooled analysis indicated the presence of significant G x E interaction (GEI) for seed yield and hence the data was subjected to stability analysis. From stability analysis, it was evident that the genotypes viz., G8, G4, G2 and G5 were with high mean values for the trait concerned and exhibited less variation over environments whereas other genotypes had a greater variation with the environment. Among the environments, E7 (VIJ)) was found to be the best test environment having high discriminative ability and representativeness for selecting generally adapted genotypes.
Utilization of Electronic Media to Obtain Social Support Among Older Men who have Sex with Men and Associated Support Outcomes
Authors: Rzewnicki Daniel I. , Egan James E. , Coulter Robert W. S. , Weinstein Andrea , Escobar-Viera César , Haberlen Sabina A. , Plankey Michael W. , Shoptaw Steve , Friedman M. Reuel
Published: September 2022

Men who have sex with men (MSM) over 45 years of age are more likely to report loneliness and bear a disproportionate percentage of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) disease burden than their heterosexual peers. Social support is a buffer against loneliness and is also associated with improved HIV health. To investigate the perceived social support of older MSM and the methods they used to communicate with people in their support networks, we surveyed 1,066 middle age and aging men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. We found that 24.6% of participants reported primarily communicating electronically with people in their support networks, and that these participants were more likely to be HIV-positive, to have lower social support scores, and lower support satisfaction. The findings of this study suggest that one in four older HIV-positive MSM may face barriers to obtaining social support in person, and that interventions to increase in-person support may be warranted.
Pengaruh Suhu Awal Dan Derajat Penyangraian Terhadap Sifat Fisikokimia Dan Citarasa Kopi Arabika Solok
Authors: Mardjan Sutrisno Suro , Heri Purwanto Eko , Yoga Pratama Ginanjar
Published: September 2022

Proses penyangraian adalah salah satu proses sekunder dalam pengolahan kopi. Variabel yang digunakan pada saat proses penyangraian beragam diantaranya adalah suhu awal dan derajat penyangraian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sifat fisikomia dan melakukan uji citarasa terhadap kopi Arabika Solok dengan perlakuan suhu awal dan derajat penyangraian yang berbeda. Penelitian diawali dengan melakukan analisis sebelum sangrai, melakukan penyangraian dengan suhu awal 180oC, 200oC dan 220oC pada setiap derajat sangrai ringan (light), sedang (medium) dan gelap (dark) serta melakukan pengujian terhadap sifat fisikokimia dan citarasa kopi Arabika Solok. Analisis data yang dihasilkan menggunakan Analisis of Variance (ANOVA) dua arah dan jika menghasilkan pengaruh yang signifikan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan’ Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu awal penyangraian hanya mempengaruhi sifat rendemen, atribut flavour dan aftertaste, sedangkan derajat penyangraian berpengaruh signifikan terhadap beberapa sifat fisikokimia diantaranya rendemen, densitas kamba, kadar air, warna, keasaman (pH) dan beberapa atribut citarasa diantaranya fragrance, flavour, acidity, body, aftertaste, sweetness dan overall dan tidak ada interaksi antara kedua variabel terhadap semua sifat yang diuji. Sifat fisikokimia dan citarasa yang tidak terpengaruh suhu awal dan derajat penyangraian adalah kadar abu, aktivitas antioksidan, balance, uniformity, dan clean cup. Kopi dengan perlakuan derajat sangrai medium mendapatkan skor akhir tertinggi yaitu 82,3 (specialty
Investigation of Fluid Flow in Biodiesel Reactor with 4 Different Types of Agitator using Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Dongoran Sahrun , Wulandani Dyah , Desrial Desrial
Published: September 2022

Biodiesel is formed by transesterification reaction of vegetable or animal fatty acid with alcohol. Agitation of fluid in the biodiesel reactor is required for occurring of the transesterification reaction. This research aims to study the flow behaviour in reactor with different type of agitator using computational fluid dynamics simulation and determine the optimum type of agitator in biodiesel production. Flow behaviour which was studied includes temperature and fraction distribution, turbulence intensity, and vorticity of fluid. The study was conducted in transient and steady state simulation with agitation types of helical screw, turbine, propeller, and anchor. The material that was modelled consist of cooking oil and methanol with mole ratio of 1:6. The mixing process used 500 rpm agitation speed and 60-65 oC mixing temperature. Furthermore, to determine the optimum agitator, the analytical hierarchy process method was carried out. The simulation results were analysed then obtained the score of each agitator, which were 0.314 (anchor), 0.350 (helical screw), 0.249 (propeller) and 0.087 (turbine). Based on the result, the optimum agitator was the helical screw type.
PREDIKSI KANDUNGAN KIMIA KOPRA DENGAN FT-NIR SPECTROSCOPY MENGGUNAKAN PLS
Authors: Mardiantono Mardiantono , Budiastra I Wayan , Sutrisno
Published: September 2022

Kopra merupakan produk turunan kelapa yang digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan minyak kelapa dan turunannya. Kandungan kimia kopra umumnya ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode kimia yang merusak bahan, waktu yang lama, dan membutuhkan bahan kimia. Oleh karena itu, perlu metoda alternatif  dalam penentuan kandungan kimia kopra yang tidak merusak, cepat dan tidak mengandung bahan kimia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji metoda spektroskopi FT-NIRS sebagai metode cepat untuk prediksi kadar air dan asam lemak bebas (FFA) kopra. Kopra utuh sebanyak 45 sampel diukur reflektannya dengan spectrometer NIRFlex N-500 pada panjang gelombang 1000-2500 nm. Setelah itu kaadar air dan kadar asam lemak bebas kopra ditentukan menggunakan metode kimia. Sejumlah pengolahan data spektra (SNV, MSC, Normalization, dan OSC) dilakukan kemudian spektra yang telah terolah dikalibrasi dengan data kimia menggunakan PLS. Prediksi terbaik untuk penentuan kadar air kopra adalah menggunakan pretreatment SNV dengan 12 faktor PLS (r = 0,97, SEC = 0,70%, SEP = 0,73, CV = 9,08%, RPD = 3,41 dan konsistensi 95,75%). Sedangkan untuk prediksi kadar asam lemak bebas (FFA) adalah menggunakan pretreatment OSC dengan faktor 13 PLS (r = 0,90, SEC = 0,04%, SEP = 0,05%, CV = 24,45%, RPD  = 2,05 dan konsistensi 71,78%). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa kadar air dan kadar FFA kopra dapat diprediksi  oleh FT NIR Spectroscopy.
Optimization of Extraction of Bioactive Compound from Pegagan Leaves Using Ethanol Solvent With Microwave-Assisted Extraction Method (MAE)
Authors: Rohmah Fira Ulvatur , Rahmawati Atiqa , Rizkiana Meta Fitri , Susanti Ari
Published: September 2022

Treatment using natural ingredients in Indonesia is the main choice that is growing in society. This is because treatment with natural ingredients has relatively milder side effects compared to synthetic treatment. Therefore, further research is needed on natural ingredients that can be used as natural medicines, one of which is pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.)). Several studies have found bioactive compounds in pegagan that can be used as medicine by various methods. The author wants to know the optimal conditions for extracting pegagan bioactive compounds using the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method. This study used pegagan leaf size 40 mesh that had been dried. pegagan leaves were extracted using ethanol as a solvent with microwave power, solvent concentration, and extraction time as variables. Variable power 150 watts, 300 watts, and 450 watts. Variable solvent concentration 25%, 50%, and 75%. Variable extraction time for 5, 10, and 15 minutes. Analysis of the results of the study was carried out using total phenol analysis using the Folin-Ciocalten method. The research data obtained optimum operating conditions at 75% solvent concentration, 450-watt microwave power, and extraction time of 10 minutes with a total phenol content of 1251.410225 mg AGE/g sample.
O poeta José de Alencar, a ópera e as prima-donas
Authors: Marques Wilton José
Published: September 2022

O artigo trata de um aspecto pouco conhecido da produção literária de José de Alencar, isto é, sua poesia. Nesse sentido, discute a relação do autor com a ópera e apresenta alguns poemas, incluindo um inédito, em que o poeta homenageia três prima-donas do Teatro Lírico Fluminense.
“O último Baudelaire”
Authors: Schellino Andrea , Cervoni Aurélia , Veras Eduardo , Abes Gilles Jean
Published: September 2022

O “último Baudelaire” existe? Quando se iniciaria o último período criativo do poeta? Com a publicação dos primeiros poemas em prosa, em junho de 1855? Com a dos Paraísos artificiais, em maio de 1860, ou com a segunda edição das Flores do mal, em fevereiro de 1861? Ou, antes, com a estada do poeta na Bélgica, na primavera de 1864? Essas perguntas implicam uma delimitação temporal que pode parecer artificial.
https://www.oaepublish.com/jeea/article/view/5143
Authors: Okoh Abani , Tesi Godswill O. , Dauda Mary S. , Aliyu Haruna D.
Published: September 2022

The occurrence and risks of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in water, sediment, and fish from the Wupa River, Nigeria, were assessed in this study. Water, sediment, and fish were collected from five locations in the Wupa River in November 2019. After extraction with dichloromethane, hexane, and acetone, the PCBs were determined using gas chromatography equipped with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The hazard index and total cancer risk models were used for risk evaluation of the detected PCBs. The results of this study show that the ∑28 PCB concentrations in the water, sediment, and fish ranged from 0.04-11.42 ng/L, 5032-10132 ng/g, and 64-4254 ng/g, respectively. The hazard index values for children and adults were generally > 1, suggesting a potential non-carcinogenic risk for humans exposed to PCBs from the river. However, the total cancer risk values were above 1 × 10-6 and indicated that there is a carcinogenic risk for humans exposed to the PCBs from Wupa River.
The Reflective Journal: How Does Food Consumption Affect Us?
Authors: Wang Ying
Published: September 2022

Taking the author's experience as an example, this research tries to discuss the possible connection and relationships between food consumption with our attitude, behaviour, personality, psychology, emotion and social identity, and therefore to reflect on how food affects our daily life.
The effect of wine age and tannin composition on tannin activity across consecutive Pinotage red wine vintages
Authors: Du Preez Brannigan , Du Toit Wessel , De Villiers André , Aleixandré-Tudo José Luis
Published: September 2022

The effect of wine age on tannin chemistry and tannin activity values was investigated in red wine extracts according to a chemosensory approach. Sixteen Pinotage red wines of multiple vintages (2003-2018) were each isolated into four distinct polymeric fractions (F1-F4) on Sephadex LH-20 by flash-column chromatography. Tannin activity increased with molecular weight, where F1 was associated with positive values, reported for the first time, suggesting a different interaction mechanism than the usual exothermic value obtained in more polymerised samples such as F2 and F3. Weakly positive correlations were observed between tannin activity and tannin concentration by RPLC. Moderately positive correlations were obtained between either tannin estimation techniques, yet this was highly dependent on wine age and molecular size. Overall, tannin activity decreased across all vintages as a function of wine age, indicative of age-related reactions such as tannin oxidation, cleavage and precipitation. Chemosensory studies showed that while activity values across all fractions explained little variation, lowly positive correlations existed between larger polymeric fractions (F3 and F4) and mouthfeel attributes, namely astringency and bitterness, suggesting that highly polymerised tannins with higher activity values play a significant role in mouthfeel modification. More research is required to understand the actual sensory perception of proanthocyanidin size in red wine proanthocyanidin extracts and tannin-derived pigments (as opposed to wine) and to what extent it is influenced by parameters such as tannin activity across long-term ageing.
The Geometrization of Maxwell’s Equations and the Emergence of Gravity
Authors: Beach Raymond
Published: September 2022

Assuming the geometry of nature is Riemannian with four dimensions, the classical Maxwell equations are shown to be a derivable consequence of a single equation that couples the Maxwell tensor to the Riemann-Christoffel curvature tensor. This geometrization of the Maxwell tensor extends the interpretation of the classical Maxwell equations, for example, giving physical quantities such as charge density a geometric definition. Including a conserved energy-momentum tensor, the entirety of classical electromagnetism is shown to be a derivable consequence of the theory. The coupling of the Riemann-Christoffel curvature tensor to the Maxwell tensor also leads naturally to the emergence of gravity which is consistent with Einstein’s equation of General Relativity augmented by a term that can mimic the properties of dark matter and/or dark energy in the context of General Relativity. In summary, the proposed geometrization of the Maxwell tensor puts both electromagnetic and gravitational phenomena on an equal footing, with both being tied to the curvature of space-time. Using specific solutions to the proposed theory, the unification brought to electromagnetic and gravitational phenomena as well as the relationship of those solutions with the corresponding solutions of the classical Maxwell and Einstein field equations are examined.
Decrease in the Use of Parenteral Fluids in Premature Infants from 30 to 34 Weeks of Gestation at Birth
Authors: Hoyos Angela , Vasquez-Hoyos Pablo
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Some of the practices in medicine are carried out of habit without proven benefits. This is the case of premature babies from 30 to 34 weeks of gestation who are always given parenteral fluids, even though this practice has been associated with an increase incidence of infection. At the end of 2017, we started a protocol of rationalization in the use of parenteral fluid. To administer nutrition/fluids, we used oral fluids by suction if this was possible or otherwise by oral/nasogastric tube at volumes of 70-80 mL/Kg/day divided every 3 hours, with 5 mL increments every 12-24 hours until 200 mL/K/day was achieved, always using breast milk when possible. Material and methods: The present study sought to compare results before and after this new policy. For this work, we review all premature babies between 30-34 weeks of gestation in two time periods, the first from 01/01/2010 to 12/31/2017 and the second from 01/01/2018 to 08/15/2022. The number of cases with and without parenteral fluids (PF), the incidence of infection, the weight at admission and discharge, and the change in the weight Z score between birth and discharge were compared. Both the anthropometric and outcome variables were compared using the different statistical methods according to each variable. Results: were found 920 cases with the described characteristics. The groups before and after the intervention did not show significant differences in their general demographic characteristics. We observed a decrease use of PF in the second period, from 425 cases (82.0%) before to 297 (26.2%) after implementation, p <0.0001 and fewer days of use (4.1 days/average before vs 1.3 after, p <0.0001) of PF. The weight at discharge and the change in weight Z-score were the same in both groups. Infections went from nine cases before to two cases after but it was not statistically significant. There were no complications due to less use of PF. Discussion: This study showed that the use of PF is not associated with significant changes in outcomes of interest, which reinforces that its use does not generate any benefit for the patient. Larger number of cases is required to detect differences in low incidence events such as infections.
Analytical Methods for Oxalate Quantification: The Ubiquitous Organic Anion
Authors: Misiewicz Bryan , VanWert Adam L.
Published: September 2022

Oxalate is a divalent organic anion that has implications across many biological and commercial processes. It is derived from plant sources, such as spinach, rhubarb, tea, cacao, nuts, and beans, and therefore is commonly found in raw or processed food products. Oxalate can also be made endogenously by humans and other mammals as a byproduct of hepatic enzymatic reactions. It is theorized that oxalate is useful for plants to store calcium and protect against herbivory. Clinically, oxalate is best known to be a major component of kidney stones, which commonly contain calcium oxalate crystals. Oxalate can induce an inflammatory response that decreases the immune system’s ability to remove renal crystals. When formulated with platinum as oxaliplatin (an anticancer drug), oxalate has been proposed to cause neurotoxicity and nerve pain. There are many sectors of industry that are hampered by oxalate, and some that depend on it. For example, calcium oxalate is troublesome in the pulp industry and the alumina industry as it deposits on machinery. On the other hand, oxalate is a common active component of rust removal and cleaning products. Due to its ubiquity, there is interest in developing efficient methods to quantify oxalate. Over the past four decades several diverse methods have been reported. These approaches include electrode-based detection, liquid chromatography or gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, enzymatic degradation of oxalate with oxalate oxidase and detection of hydrogen peroxide as a product, and indicator displacement-based methods employing fluorescent or UV light-absorbing compounds. It has become clear that no single method will work best for every purpose. This review describes the strengths and limitations of each method, and may serve as a reference for investigators to decide which approach is most suitable for their work.
Penerapan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan Pada Organisasi Nirlaba: Literatur Review
Authors: Melia Yeni
Published: September 2022

This research examines the extent to which the application of Financial Accounting Standards in non-profit organizations. This research uses a literature study analyzed from a review of 102 articles with three methods, namely planning, implementation, and reporting, by producing 28 articles. Then the 28 articles were reviewed using a comparison technique, looking for similarities between several works of literature and concluding. The results of the 28 articles’ review show that non-profit organizations have not yet applied the applicable Financial Accounting Standards in Indonesia. They are still using the cash basis and single entry method of recording due to several constraints, such as limited human resources and knowledge of financial statement preparation. This research is different from previous research because this research is the first to review how the implementation of SAK in non-profit organizations in Indonesia, most of the previous research focused on only one entity, while this research examines how all non-profit organizations (mosques and churches, foundations, Islamic boarding schools, social institutions, orphanages).
Multiple Sulfur Isotope Geochemistry of the Precambrian Mafic Dykes and Komatiites in the Dharwar Craton, Southern India: Evidence for Crustal Recycling and Enrichment in the Subcontinental Lithospheric Mantle
Authors: Silpa A. S. , Satish-Kumar M.
Published: September 2022

Komatiites, greenstone volcanic rocks, and mafic dyke swarms are constituents of early earth magmatic activity, crucial for understanding the chemical evolution of the Archean mantle. The composition of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) is systematically modified throughout the Earth’s history by the addition of geochemically diverse oceanic and continental crustal materials through subduction and can be sampled through intraplate mafic/ultramafic volcanic activities. Here, we present a first report on the multiple sulfur isotope characteristics of the mafic dyke swarms and komatiites from the Dharwar craton in southern India and discuss the geochemical modifications of SCLM through crustal recycling. δ34SV-CDT values of the samples are all negative ranging from -0.15 to -2.91‰. Δ33S values for all the samples are close to 0 with the lowest value of -0.060‰ and highest of 0.146‰. Δ36S values are mostly negative with very few exceptions, ranging from -1.184 to 1.111‰. Near zero values of Δ33S and negative values for δ34S indicate an early formed mantle reservoir with a possible mixture of sulfur from subducting oceanic sediments. Together with trace element geochemistry, we suggest a depleted MORB source mantle (DMM) modified by oceanic crustal components and a depleted mantle (DM) modified by recycled continental crustal sediments as the two end members of the mantle source that produced mafic dyke swarms in the Late Archean to Proterozoic Dharwar craton.