bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urban Growth Modeling in Kurunegala, Sri Lanka using Cellular Automata/Markov Chain Multi-criteria Analysis and Markov-Markovian Transition Estimator
Authors: Hasan Farasath
Published: January 2024

With accelerated global urbanization, the expansion of cities has become a pressing concern for urban planners and researchers. The growth and dynamics of urban encroachment are closely tied to changes in land use, especially in urbanized areas. This study seeks to evaluate the accuracy of the CA-Markov (Cellular Automata) model in predicting land use/land cover changes (LULCC) in the Kurunegala district, Sri Lanka as a result of urban expansion. The investigation employs secondary data, including 2007, 2012, 2017, and 2022 Landsat 05, 07, 08, and 09 images respectively. Using software applications such as ArcGIS 10.8, IDRISI 17.0, and MS-Excel 2019, diverse techniques including supervised classification, Markovian transition estimation, and CA-Markov chain analysis, this study attempts to analyze the Urban Growth Modeling for 2027 and 2037 using CA-Markov Chain Multi-criteria Analysis (MCA) under Markov-Markovian Transition Estimator. The study used 32 spatial variables for determining the LULCC. As per the derived results, from 2022 to 2027, urban areas have increased quite markedly. The vegetation cover area has reduced and the areas of water bodies have increased spatially. From 2027 to 2037, the urban area increment is 72.552%. Also, vegetation cover and water body distribution have reduced by 8.051% and 39.91% respectively.
The relationship between the occurrence of asthma and diabetes among a sample of patients attending Damascus Hospital
Authors: Ghazi Ahmad , Zouhaily Sara Al , Bardan Housam
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
Diabetes is a major public health problem, and there is a continuing increase in the incidence and long-term complications. These complications are mainly sequelae of microvascular destruction in target organs. Many lung injuries occur in the context of diabetes due to the presence of abundant microcirculation and abundance of tissues. Macrophages, raising the possibility that lung tissue is a target organ in patients with diabetes.
Research objectives:
This research was designed to study the effect of diabetes, both the duration of infection with this disease, and control of diabetic status on lung function and the incidence of asthma.
Methods and materials:
A cross-sectional study, conducted on 100 diabetic patients attending Damascus Hospital in the period between 1/1/20217 and 1/1/2023. It was compared with a control group consisting of 100 healthy individuals without diabetes. It was recorded. Hemoglobin, fasting blood sugar, and a lung function test (spirometry) were measured for all participants in the study, and the following lung measurements were taken: maximum expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), ratio (FEV1/FVC). Analyze the results using: mean + standard deviation, Pearson's chi-square, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and ANOVA test.
Results
The average percentage of expected FEV1 and expected FVC in people with diabetes is lower compared to healthy non-diabetic controls (p smaller than 0.05), and these values were lower in patients without controlled blood sugar compared to patients with controlled blood sugar, and the values were also lower in patients with diabetes for a longer period of time, these values were lower in patients with type 1 diabetes, and all previous criteria led to the occurrence of asthma.
Conclusion
The findings in this study suggest that the lung is a target organ for diabetes, and that diabetic patients have a decline in lung function and the incidence of asthma compared to non-diabetics in a blockade lesion model. Lung function deteriorates the longer the duration of diabetes and the longer the diabetes is uncontrolled.
Solidarism and the Struggle Against Environmental Racism
Authors: Kolers Avery
Published: January 2024

Margaret Kohn has argued that fin-de-siècle French Solidarists such as Alfred Fouillée developed a “third way” between capitalism and socialism which still provides a powerful justification for “welfare state” institutions and public-goods provision. But how does Solidarism respond to the demands for environmental justice, and against environmental racism, which have emerged in the past 50 years, mostly in Women of Color-led social movements. Distinguishing three elements of environmental justice, and also pinpointing the logic of expendability at the core of environmental racism, the current article shows that Solidarism has more resources than liberal egalitarianism to challenge environmental injustice, but that, in the white supremacist state, environmental racism in particular poses an especially difficult challenge. After discussing the Solidarists’ divergent responses to feminism and Social Darwinism, the paper shows that, provided Solidarists are also in solidarity with social movements of the oppressed, their doctrine can aid the struggle for equal status.
Creating Racial Structural Solidarity
Authors: Louette Antoine
Published: January 2024

This article draws on recent transnational protests against police brutality to advance an understanding of anti-racist solidarity that aims to improve over Mara Marin’s ‘structural solidarity’ view. On Marin’s view, anti-racist solidarity is grounded in the racial structure. But Marin forgets that racial domination exerts a segregative influence on different groups, so that whites and middle-class blacks tend not to frequent the social milieux that would help them develop a sense of solidarity with working-class blacks. To address this problem, the article hypothesises that the conditions for anti-racist solidarity are not inherent in the racial structure but created by social movements, as exemplified by Black Lives Matter: to the extent that white and middle-class black participants in the George Floyd protests experienced the racist police brutality they were denouncing on behalf of the black working class, these protests functioned as non-segregated milieux that could ground the solidarity of the former with the latter at the national and transnational levels.
Persistence and Surface Playability of Nine Bermudagrass Cultivars under Simulated Fall Traffic
Authors: Singh Shehbaz , Xiang Mingying , Fontanier Charles H. , Wu Yanqi , Martin Dennis L. , Kajla Anmol
Published: January 2024

Traffic injury caused by foot- or athlete-surface interaction is one of the most critical problems athletic field managers face in maintaining the surface playability and aesthetic quality of athletic fields. Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) is the most widely used turfgrass species on athletic fields in the transitional climatic zone. A 2-year field study was conducted to evaluate nine bermudagrass cultivars for their persistence and surface playability under simulated fall cleat traffic. The experiment was conducted in Stillwater, OK, on a natural loam soil. Treatments were arranged as a split-block design with three replications. Traffic was applied for 6 weeks in Fall 2019 and 2020 using a Baldree traffic simulator, which generated 10 traffic events per week; each traffic event resulted in 678 cleat marks/m2. ‘Bimini’ was generally found to be the most persistent grass under traffic for aesthetic properties, and ‘Astro’ and ‘Tifway’ were the least persistent. Surface playability was affected by simulated traffic stress as shear strength (SS) declined and surface hardness (SH) increased, over time. ‘Bimini’ had greater SS than ‘Astro’ and ‘OKC1131’ (Tahoma 31®) by 1.9 and 1.4 N·m, respectively. SS of ‘DT-1’ (TifTuf®) and Tahoma 31 and SH of ‘OKC1134’ (NorthBridge®) were least affected by simulated traffic stress. Overall, surface playability characteristics of NorthBridge, ‘Bimini’, ‘OKC1119’ (Latitude 36®), TifTuf, Tahoma 31, and ‘Riley Riley’s Super Sport’ (Celebration®) were least affected by traffic. Findings illustrate bermudagrass cultivars can vary in visual persistence and surface playability.
Evaluation of meat and meat product oxidation and off-flavor formation: Managing oxidative changes
Authors: Al-Shibli M. A. , Al-Ali R. M. , Hashim A. Z. , Altemimi A. B. , Elsayed N. , Abedelmaksoud T. G.
Published: January 2024

One of the primary issues with processed foods during heat treatment and freezing storage is fat oxidation, which causes significant changes in fats due to their interaction with reactive oxygen species (ROS). This interaction leads to the creation of various aldehydes that have a high affinity for large molecules, such as proteins, leading to the formation of final products of advanced oxidation processes that contribute to food spoilage. Co-oxidation can also result in extensive damage. Another problem affecting the quality and nutritional value of meat products is protein oxidation, which can occur during storage via freezing and thawing or as a result of heat treatment. Heat treatment can cause physical and chemical changes, such as the loss of some essential amino acids and the transformation of certain amino acids into carbonyl compounds via various mechanisms. Protein oxidation is indicated by the accumulation of these carbonyl compounds, and the heat treatment can lead to the denaturation of myoglobin, which is responsible for the brown color of cooked meat and is influenced by several factors. Active protein aggregates can interact with the oxidation products of polyunsaturated fatty acids and with carbohydrate glycation or glycoxidation to produce Maillard products. It is critical to understand the oxidative changes that occur in fats and proteins in food, particularly in meat products, since these components are among the primary constituents of food.
Cyber-physical systems in food production chain
Authors: Lisitsyn A. B. , Chernukha I. M. , Nikitina M. A.
Published: January 2024

The article reviews the state-of-the-science in the field of cyber-physical systems (CPSs). CPSs are intelligent systems that include physical, biological and computational components using engineering networks. CPSs are able to integrate into production processes, improve the exchange of information between industrial equipment, qualitatively transform production chains, and effectively manage business and customers. This is possible due to the ability of CPSs to manage ongoing processes through automatic monitoring and controlling the entire production process and adjusting the production to meet customer preferences. A comprehensive review identified key technology trends underlying CPSs. These are artificial intelligence, machine learning, big data analytics, augmented reality, Internet of things, quantum computing, fog computing, 3D printing, modeling and simulators, automatic object identifiers (RFID tags). CPSs will help to improve the control and traceability of production operations: they can collect information about raw materials, temperature and technological conditions, the degree of food product readiness, thereby increasing the quality of food products. Based on the results, terms and definitions, and potential application of cyber-physical systems in general and their application in food systems in particular were identified and discussed with an emphasis on food production (including meat products).
CLINICO-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF TOPICAL STEROID DAMAGED FACE IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors:   Post Graduate, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy., Payal Preethi , Indira Bonthu ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy., Kumar Suresh ,   Professor, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy., Anitha Vinnakoti ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy.
Published: January 2024

Objectives- The aim of the study was to determine the clinical features, extent, and dermographics of topical corticosteroid usage on the face in patients who were seen in the dermatology outpatient department. Materials and Methods: Between August 2022 and August 2023, a questionnaire-based analysis of patients attending the dermatology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital was conducted. The study was comprised of 200 subjects who applied topical steroid on their face for more than 6 weeks and they were enquired regarding their history. Clinical assessment, and lesion photography was also done. Results: 200 patients with topical steroid damaged face were examined in the study. The most prevalent age range for topical steroid use was between 18 and 30 years which comprised 42% of total patients in the study. Out of 200 patients 149 were women [74.5%]. The average time between commencing the topical steroid regimen and the appearance of symptoms was six months. 74 [39.5%] used topical steroids to treat dermatophyte infections and the remaining subjects used them for miscellaneous reasons. In this study population, cream-based betamethasone valerate was the most frequently misused steroid. The most frequent adverse effect was hyperpigmentation (27%) followed by acneiform eruptions (25%) facial erythema (18%), hypertrichosis (12%), perioral dermatitis (4%) and skin atrophy (5%), hypopigmentation(9%). Conclusion: Topical steroid damaged face is a dermatological concern. The public must be made aware of the possible danger of topical steroid abuse to stop its indiscriminate use.
Patterns and trends in research on external public debt management
Authors: Razinkova Mila , Grynko Tetiana , Nebaba Natalia , Botvinov Rostislav , Pryimachenko Dmytro
Published: January 2024

This study undertakes a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of publications pertaining to the external public debt management system. The paper aims to study the evolution of scholarly discourse surrounding the external public debt management domain, highlighting contributions, methodologies, and collaborative networks within the field. The methodology encompasses a multivariate approach, incorporating extensive searches across the three major scientometric databases: Google Scholar (PoP), Scopus (in-built Scopus tools, SciVal), and Web of Science (in-built WoS instruments). The bibliometric analysis extends to contextual, evolutionary, and spatial dimensions, allowing for a comprehensive understanding of the identified clusters. The ensuing clusters serve as a roadmap, categorizing publications based on their contextual relevance, evolutionary trajectory, and spatial focus, which enhances the identification of key works in the field, facilitating a nuanced understanding of the current state of external public debt management research. The synthesis of findings from the content-contextual block emphasizes a primary orientation toward understanding the dynamic interplay between external public debt management and economic development. Furthermore, the contextual-temporal block identifies four distinct stages in the evolution of research focus, highlighting the shifting emphasis over time. A discernible pattern of heightened research activity in external public debt management across various countries in recent decades is revealed through spatiotemporal analysis. The interdisciplinary nature of this field is underscored by the dominance of economics, econometrics, finance, business, management, and accounting in dedicated research.
Long-term results of anti-VEGF therapy in macular edema caused by central retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Galimova A. B. , Galimova V. U.
Published: January 2024

Purpose. To evaluate long-term results of anti-VEGF therapy performed in a modified “treat-and-extend” regimen in macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion.

Material and methods. The prospective study included 29 patients (16 men and 13 women) aged 24–81. The median follow-up period was 36 months [24; 60]. 20 patients underwent ranibizumab monotherapy, 3 patients – aflibercept monotherapy, while 6 patients received a combination of the two drugs following the modified regimen, which allowed terminating anti-VEGF treatment when macular edema remission was achieved.

Results. Macular edema completely resolved in 27 out of 29 patients (93.1%) by the end of the second year, while the remaining 2 patients showed the complete resolution during the third year. 18 patients (62.1%) could terminate anti-VEGF therapy during the first 6 months, whereupon they received 3 to 5 monthly injections with no macular edema relapse over the subsequent 21–22 months of the follow-up. 11 patients continued anti-VEGF therapy and averagely received 7.09 ± 1.14, 5.09 ± 2.34 and 2.18 ± 2.36 injections with individually determined intervals at years 1, 2 and 3, respectively. On the whole, 22 patients (75.9%) terminated anti-VEGF therapy and transferred to drugless observation at the end of year 2, while 5 other patients (17.2%) terminated anti-VEGF therapy during year 3. As a result of the treatment, the maximum BCVA improved from 0.15 [0.07; 0.3] to 0.7 [0.4; 0.9] by the end of year 1 (Z = -4.69; p = 0.0000027) and remained stable during the rest of the follow-up.

Conclusion. Anti-VEGF therapy in modified treat-and-extend regimen is effective in macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion. and results in a significant and sustainable visual acuity gain and complete resolution of macular edema with a minimum quantity of injections in most patients.
Using a solid-phase variant of enzyme immunoassay for the etiological diagnosis of endogenous uveitis
Authors: Kon’kova A. Yu. , Horowitz E. S. , Gavrilova T. V. , Chereshneva M. V. , Afanasievskaya E. V.
Published: January 2024

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has traditionally been used to diagnose infectious diseases, including ophthalmic ones. As a rule, however, investigators are only focused on differentiated detection of specific immunoglobulins (Ig) of varied classes, despite the fact that ELISA is able to register a wider range of emerging immune responses.

Our purpose is to assess the effectiveness of the solid-phase version of ELISA for the etiological diagnosis of endogenous uveitis.

Material and methods. 107 patients (114 eyes) aged 19 to 83 (ave. 45.2 ± 2.8 yrs) with various clinical forms of endogenous uveitis were examined by the traditional ELISA method. Along with the detection of specific Ig, the avidity of IgG and “paired” sera were studied.

Results. In the primary serological examination, specific IgG were found in almost all patients (to herpes simplex viruses in 100 %, and to cytomegaloviruses in 96,3 %). Specific IgM were revealed in 3.7 % of cases. Specific IgG to T. gondii were found in 44.9 % of the patients and in 2 people, IgM. Specific IgG to C. trachomatis were found in 23 patients, and in two cases, IgM. By studying the avidity of antibodies, etiology was additionally deciphered in 1.9 % of patients. The study of “paired” sera helped determine the etiology of the disease in another 16 people.

Conclusion. An integral approach using all diagnostic capabilities of ELISA, in particular the differentiated definition of specific Ig of various classes and the avidity of specific IgG, as well as the study of “paired” sera, made it possible to significantly increase the diagnostic capabilities of ELISA. As a result, the etiology was deciphered in 26 patients (24,3 %).
Using a new antiallergic drug Epinepta® in the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. Clinical cases
Authors: Yani E. V.
Published: January 2024

Purpose: to evaluate the effect of a new antiallergic drug epinastine in the treatment of seasonal conjunctivitis as manifested in clinical cases.

Materials and methods. 37 people (22 men and 15 women) were observed during spring exacerbation of the allergic conjunctivitis, from mid-March to the end of June. Indicators of the dynamics of subjective complaints, duration of treatment, clinical effectiveness, were thoroughly recorded; we also assessed how easy it was to stop using the treatment when the condition of the ocular surface returned to normal.

Results. We identified four groups of patients depending on the course of the disease, clinical manifestations, and response to epinastine therapy. For each group, we analyze a most informative clinical case.

Conclusions. In all of the cases, epinastine instillations brought about a quick and stable reduction of itching and eye discomfort, as well as normalization of the clinical condition of the conjunctiva.
Modern diagnostic potentials of studying structural and functional changes of the retina and the optic nerve in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Fursova A. Zh. , Zubkova M. Yu. , Vasilyeva M. A. , Gamza Yu. A. , Malkova N. A. , Prokaeva A. I. , Rabota F. K.
Published: January 2024

Purpose: to study significant functional and structural changes in the retina and the intraocular section of the optic nerve in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and analyze how they are interrelated with electrophysiological changes in the visual analyzer.

Materials and methods. The study included 44 patients (88 eyes): group 1 (26 eyes) with MS duration ≤ 5 years and no history of optic neuritis (ON); group 2 (30 eyes) with MS duration from 6 to15 years and no history of ON; and group 3 (32 eyes) with MS duration ≤ 15 years with a history of ON. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmological examination and optical coherence tomography and had visually evoked potentials (VEP) and static automated perimetry registered.

Results. A decrease in functional and structural parameters progressing with the duration of MS was revealed. In particular, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) fell to 0.860 ± 0.075, the photosensitivity index MD maximally fell to -3.78 ± 0.95 dB, the strength of the P100 wave amplitude dropped to 7.84 ± 2.98 μV, the latency index of VEP rose to 124.21 ± 1.36 ms, the thickness of GCL + IPL fell to 65.69 ± 7.85 μm, and RNFL thickness averagely fell a low as to 80.25 ± 8.81 μm. When analyzing the topography of GCL + IPL decrease by sectors, the maximum value was revealed in the upper temporal segment (67.63 ± 7.89 μm). Sectoral changes in RNFL arranged in descending order of thickness showed the following sequence: lower upper nasal temporal. As the disease progressed, structural and functional changes were accompanied by an increase in the depth and a decrease in the thickness of the lamina cribrosa, with a maximum value revealed in the group with prior ON (239.00 ± 11.93 μm). Strong correlations were found in all study groups between (1) ave. GCL + IPL and ave. RNFL (r = 0.69; 0.64; 0.88, p < 0.03), (2) ave. GCL+IPL and BCVA (r = 0.86; 0.75; 0.78, p < 0.05), (3) MD and ave GCL + IPL (r = 0.52; 0.69; 0.71, p < 0.03), and (4) MD and ave. RNFL (r = 0.67; 0.61; 0.66, p < 0.05), as well as between the parameters of the lamina cribrosa and the markers under study.

Conclusion. Significant functional and structural changes in the retina and the optic nerve were detected, correlating with the duration of the disease and with the clinical features of the course of multiple sclerosis. The presence of ON in history was accompanied by more pronounced changes, which can be considered as an important additional aggravating factor of the disease.
Contraceptive Practices and the Reasons for Non-Utilization of Contraceptives among Married Women in an Urban Slum
Authors: Butt Zarabia Pervaiz , Usmani Rabia Arshed , Kashmiri Misbah Jehangir , Hasnain Seema , Khalil Kashif Ur Rehman , Rehman Farah
Published: January 2024

Background: Despite the early institution of a family planning program, following its inception, Pakistan is still struggling to stabilize its fast-growing population. The objectives of the study were, to determine the contraceptive practices & related factors among married women in an urban slum and also to assess the reasons for non-utilization of contraceptives among these women.
Methods: The Cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban slum, Shah di Khui, in district Lahore following approval. A total of 300 eligible married females were selected through a systematic random sampling technique. After obtaining informed consent, information was solicited using a structured pretested questionnaire in privacy. Confidentiality of participants was maintained. SPSS version 24 was used for data analysis. The chi-square test was used to determine a statistically significant relationship between independent and dependent variables.
Results: It was found that 33.7% of married women were using contraceptives as compared to 66.3% of non-users. Among users, 76.2% were using Modern methods and 23.8% were using traditional methods. The duration of marriage (p =0.000), education standing of the respondent (p = 0.012) and her spouse (p = 0.003), and total number of alive children (p = 0.018) were significantly related to contraceptive usage. The main reasons for non-utilization were a desire for more children (30.2%), fear of side effects (25.1%), objection by spouse/in-laws (21.1%), and Lack of knowledge (15.6%).
Conclusion: It was concluded that only 33.7% of slum dweller married women were using contraceptives. Contraceptive usage was found to be related significantly with the duration of marriage, Education status of husband and wife, and total number of living children. There is a need to make targeted efforts to address barriers and enhance uptake in this often-neglected segment of society.
Comparison of Efficacy of Lignocaine Jelly versus Lignocaine Injection during Perineum Repair in Normal Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Fatima Sana , Rasul Shazia , Tahir Shabnam , Raana Maryam , Mehreen Durdana , Unbreen Maimuna
Published: January 2024

Background: Normal vaginal delivery is frequently associated with perineal trauma that can be iatrogenic (episiotomy) or spontaneous. Episiotomy is the most common surgical procedure in obstetrics being performed in approximately 20% of deliveries
Objective: To compare the efficacy of lignocaine Jelly versus lignocaine injection during perineum repair after episiotomy in normal vaginal delivery.
Methods: Study was done at Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shalamar Hospital, Lahore during September 2020 - Feb 2021. For this randomized control trial, a total of 160 women fulfilling selection criteria were recruited for study from labour room. Informed consent was obtained from each case. Women were then segregated in group A& B and treatment was randomly allotted using lottery method, while in group A 2% lignocaine Jelly was applied on their perineum during active phase of labour at 8-9 cm cervical dilatation, before estimated time of one hour pre delivery. Women in group B were administered 10 ml of 1% lignocaine injection locally at the proposed site of episiotomy just before crowning. Then females were observed for pain and discomfort or adverse reactions during delivery, perineal repair and in immediate post partum period. After 2 hours of delivery, females were asked for perineal pain using visual analogue scale (VAS) then females were followed up in post-delivery wards for 12 hours. After 12 hours, they were discharged and asked for satisfaction of procedure.
Results: The average ages of the cases among Group-A i.e. Lignocaine Jelly group and Lignocaine injection group (group-B) was 26.20 ± 3.32 years and 26.46 ±3.47 years respectively. The mean gestational age in Lignocaine Jelly group was 38.65 ± 0.90 weeks and in Lignocaine injection group was 38.67 ± 0.87 weeks. The mean BMI in Lignocaine Jelly and injection group was 26.70 ± 1.39 and 26.46 ± 2.20 respectively. Average pain score observed in Lignocaine Jelly was 3.58±1.06, whereas in Lignocaine injection group was 4.39 ± 1.26. There was statistically significant difference in average pain scores as the mean pain score in the Lignocaine Jelly group was lower compared with Lignocaine injection group ( p-value ≤ 0.001). In Lignocaine Jelly group 77(96.2%) females were satisfied while in Lignocaine injection group 68(85%) cases were satisfied, higher satisfaction rate was seen in lignocaine Jelly group, p-value (0.015)
Conclusion: Women to whom lignocaine Jelly was applied before episiotomy had less mean VAS Pain Score and higher satisfaction rate during perineal repair than women who were given lignocaine injection for perineal repair. So lignocaine Jelly can be used as a good alternative of local infiltration of lignocaine injection, in term of less pain, less adverse effects and more patient satisfaction during perineal repair of birth process.
An Appeal for Supporting Individuals with Disorders of Sex Development in low middle income country Pakistan
Authors: Rani Rai Versha
Published: January 2024

Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) is discordance between gonadal, chromosomal and phenotypic sex . In low middle income countries like Pakistan, people with conditions of DSD face many problems due to stigmatization, low education level , less and misleading information and above all lack of access to medical facilities expert in dealing these issues. Rate of DSD is very high in our country due to consanguineous marriages as most of DSDs are autosomal recessive in origin. We have highlighted importance of support that these individuals need in form of social acceptance, access to medical need and psychological support .[ 1,2]
Challenges faced by women in Medical Education and Trainings
Authors: Farooq Zainab , Shabbir Noor Zehra
Published: January 2024

The development of a nation's health care system depends heavily on medical education and training. Like many other places in the world, Pakistan has historically had a male-dominated medical profession. But the number of women choosing jobs in medicine has increased commendably in recent years. Despite this encouraging development, Pakistani women still encounter many obstacles throughout their pursuit of medical education and training, which may impede their ability to advance professionally and make a contribution to the healthcare industry. Globally, female healthcare employees still have a lot of obstacles to overcome at work, including gender inequality, weak human resource policy, and family responsibilities that limit their ability to advance professionally. Work-family harmony has been cited in many nations as a substantial roadblock to career progress.
In addition to unequal compensation, bad working conditions, little prospects for career advancement, work-related stress, and unfavourable policies that support patriarchy, women in the health sciences also confront issues connected to poor work environments. And in our paper, this issue will be underlined.[1]
Zwierzęta jako teksty pisane Digitus Dei. Proza Roberta Pucka wobec tradycji symbolograficznej
Authors: Pawłowski Tomasz
Published: January 2024

Artykuł stanowi komparatystyczną analizę prozatorskiego tryptyku o zwierzętach Roberta Pucka (Pająki pana Roberta, Siedemnaście zwierząt oraz Sennik ciem i motyli) w kontekście historycznoliterackich tradycji odczytywania sensu zwierząt, jakby były one znakami lub symbolami nadawanymi przez Boga. Omawiana proza porównywana jest do struktury średniowiecznego bestiariusza, egipskich hieroglifików oraz kompendiów barokowych, a także zestawiona z historią toposu „księgi natury” jako kodeksu komplementarnego wobec Biblii. W artykule uwypukla się wszelkie różnice prozy Pucka wobec tych tradycji i opisuje sposoby uwspółcześnienia ich struktury. Robert Pucek sięga do toposu „księgi natury”, by wyjść poza ograniczenia dyskursu nauk przyrodniczych i zastanawiać się filozoficznie nad semantyką „braci mniejszych”.
Staropolskie refleksje na temat wolności i niewoli – z perspektywy chrześcijańskiej moralistyki (na wybranych przykładach)
Authors: Ryba Renata
Published: January 2024

W dotychczasowych badaniach nie podejmowano, jako osobnego zagadnienia, obecnego w literaturze dawnej problemu wolności i niewoli narodowej z perspektywy winy i kary. Tymczasem w refleksji moralistów doby staropolskiej był to istotny wątek myślowy.          W piśmiennictwie ujmowano zjawisko niewoli w ramach Boskiego wymiaru sprawiedliwości. Wskazywano na zależność między grzechem a karą, wymierzaną przez Boga całym społecznościom. Niewola i wolność były rozumiane jako wyraz działania Boga w historii. Moraliści stawiali sobie dwa cele: przestrzec polskie społeczeństwo przed możliwą utratą niepodległości na skutek grzesznego zachowania, a przy tym zachęcić do moralnej poprawy i tym samym – zapobiec katastrofie.
The Christian Eschatology and Social Changes in Korea: A Religious Sociological Perspective
Authors:   The Society of Theology and Thought, Kim Seon Pil
Published: January 2024

The eschatology is the ultimate hope that man aims for. Therefore, it drives human collective behavior and acts as a major variable of social change. In fact, many researchers who were interested in the relationship between religion(eschatology) and social change have confirmed that religion can either suppress or promote social change.
In order to deal with the relationship between Christian eschatology and social change, this paper divides the relationship between religion and social change into ideal types. And through this work, the relationship between the Catholic Church and social changes in Korea has been analyzed.
The Catholic Church and Korean society have been mutually influenced, forming relationships each other. And within it, the Korean Catholic Church has shown unique eschatological characteristics in each era. In particular, since the Second Vatican Council, the Korean Catholic Church has played a role in triggering social change as a Church in the world. After the COVID-19 pandemic, the Catholic Church, which is strongly demanded to play a role as a public religion, is expected to carry out its prophetic calling more actively so that the kingdom of God can arrive in Korean society.
A Physical Perspective of Eschatology Contemplated through ‘the End of the Universe and the Stars’
Authors:   The Society of Theology and Thought, Kim Do Hyun
Published: January 2024

Many concepts about the end of time and the afterlife are common to nearly every religion in the human world. However, the human discussion of the end of life and the afterlife has been limited to the teachings and testimonies of a few sages and saints, including Jesus Christ. However, with the advancement of science and technology, a better understanding of the nature of the universe and the material world around us may assist in the search for some sort of analogical hints about the end of time and the afterlife.
This paper does not attempt to explain various concepts of Christian eschatology or to determine their scientific authenticity. Instead, it seeks to analogically explain the Christian concept of death from the end of the material world by scientifically analyzing the phenomenon of the end of the material world as given by God the Creator.
Thus, this paper summarizes the beginning, evolution, and end of the universe and the stars through the findings of modern physics over the past 100 years. By showing that the fate of the stars and the universe is similar to one of humans and the world as described in Christian eschatology, I hope to make it clear that the perspective of Christian eschatology is sufficiently similar to the one of the material world.
Deep Learning-based Glaucoma Detection Using CNN and Digital Fundus
Images: A Promising Approach for Precise Diagnosis
Authors: Song Ruiying , Wang Hong , Xing Yinghua
Published: January 2024

Background::

Glaucoma is a significant cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, with symptoms often going undetected until the patient's visual field starts
shrinking.

Objetive::

To develop an AI-based glaucoma detection method to reduce glaucoma-related blindness and offer more precise diagnosis.

Methods::

Discusses various methods and technologies, including Heidelberg Retinal Tomography (HRT), Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), and
Fundus Photography, for obtaining relevant information about the presence of glaucoma in a patient. Additionally, it mentions the use of Support
Vector Machines (SVMs) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for glaucoma detection. There are many limitations for existing methods
as; Asymptomatic Progression, reliance on subjective feedback, multiple tests required, late detection, limited availability of preventive tests,
influence of external factors.

Results::

Findings reveal promising outcomes in terms of glaucoma detection accuracy, particularly in the analysis of the RIM-ONE-r3 dataset. By
scrutinizing 20 images from the Healthy, Glaucoma, and Suspects categories through fundus image recognition, our developed AI model
consistently achieved high diagnostic accuracy rates.

Conclusion:

Our study suggests that further enhancements in glaucoma detection accuracy are attainable by augmenting the dataset with additional labeled
images. We emphasize the significance of considering various application parameters when discussing the integration of computer-aided
decision/management systems into healthcare frameworks.
ASEAN Policies towards the US-China Relationship during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Purwanti Asih
Published: January 2024

The relationship between the US, China, and ASEAN as regional cooperation covers a wide range of aspects of international relations. Although the aspect of security and finance are considered as traditionally the largest aspect of the cooperation. In 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic brings one more aspect to this relationship. The covid-19 pandemic is also showing the rivalry between two major powers now, China and the United States. The question is then where ASEAN will stand in this contestation. The US has been playing a role as a crucial partner for ASEAN and its member states, but in recent decades, some people argue that ASEAN is growing more preference to China. Some argue that the historical, cultural, and geographical proximity led ASEAN members to be close to China, others argue that Chinese financial and investment supports are more accessible than the ones from the Western world including the US. Some argue that ASEAN is openly embracing Chinese influence in the region because China does not bother with any issues regarding human rights, something that ASEAN member states’ government are reluctant to deal with. For ASEAN, under the mixture of the situation of China-US rivalry, the global pandemic, and domestic problems that occurred in each member states, what should ASEAN do? How the pandemic weighs in the US-China-ASEAN relationship? This study is examining the policies of ASEAN regarding the rivalry between the US and China during the time of the Covid 19 pandemic. I argue that ASEAN will not move away from its original position to stay neutral. And at the same time, ASEAN will also apply the non-interference policies toward its member states to conduct their own bilateral relations with the US and China. These policies are also applied for their policies regarding Covid-19 vaccines. Most ASEAN member states are buying Covid-19 vaccines from China. This study limits the examination only from the perspectives of ASEAN as regional cooperation and ASEAN member states toward US-China dynamics relations during the pandemi.
Persepsi Ancaman Amerika Serikat dalam Film-Film Hollywood Tahun 1960-2019
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Hutama Bima Sulihtra
Published: January 2024

Film sebagai mediakontemporer saat ini tidak hanya dapat dipandang sebagai hiburan namun bisadipahami sebagai sebuah media untuk menyampaikan pesan-pesan yang ingin disampaikan oleh orang atau pihak yang berada di belakang layar, pesan tersebutdapat berbentuk ajakan, persepsi, dan realitas semu yang dibangun olehpembuatnya. Ancaman secara umum dipahami sebagai segala sesuatu tindakanyang menimbulkan keresahan ke pihak lain, dalam hubungan internasionalancaman dapat didefinisikan sebagai situasi di mana satu aktor atau kelompokmemiliki kemampuan atau niat untuk menimbulkan konsekuensi negatif kepadaaktor atau kelompok lain yang dilihat dari perspektif negara maka ada tiga kategoriancaman yaitu ancaman domestik, ancaman transnasional, dan ancaman eksternal.Persepsi ancaman adalah sebuah konsep di mana adanya kondisisalah satu aktor merasa terancam akan tindakan dan keadaan oleh aktor lain yangpada akhirnya meningkatkan persepsi ancaman pada aktor |INTERAKTIF: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Vol.15No.2202378yang terdampak.Persepsi ancaman sendiri memiliki empat variabel yaitu aggregate power,proximity, offensive capability, dan offensive intention. Penelitian ini mengambilrentang tahun 1960-2019 untuk melihat transformasi ancaman dalam film yangbertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana persepsi ancaman dalam film mengikutipersepsi ancaman menurut Amerika Serikat dengan menggunakan sumber daya di bidang perfilman Hollywood. Peneliti membagipembabakan waktu penelitian dalam tiga era yaitu perang dingin, pasca perangdingin, dan pasca peristiwa 9/11 untuk melihat bagaimana pola transformasipersepsi ancaman dalam film. Peneliti sendiri menggunakan metode campurandengan model Explanatory Sequential Mixed Method Design menggunakankuantitatif untuk melihat dan mencari pola dan menggunakan kualitatif untukmenganalisis hasil kuantitatif dengan konsep persepsi ancaman yang diaplikasikandalam film.
Strange Bedfellows: An experiment in Student-directed Interdisciplinary Research
Authors: Chiu Roland
Published: January 2024

‘Interdisciplinarity’ is a bit of a buzzword in the Dutch university sector. It is also one of the most prioritized policy goals at a national and European level. Yet, ‘interdisciplinarity’ remains under-defined, and the challenges and obstacles unique to doing interdisciplinarity remain fuzzy. How, then, are we supposed to adopt an interdisciplinary approach if we don’t even know what the word means? In this peer-reviewed edited volume of student scholarship, we delve into what it means to do interdisciplinarity in response to this challenge. Drawing upon both the disciplinary expertises of professional researchers and educators, and the experiences and analyses of students actually enrolled in interdisciplinary programmes, this volume is unique in offering both high-level conceptual analyses of the virtues and problems inherent to interdisciplinary research, and on-the-ground case notes of what interdisciplinary teaching and research looks like in practice.
Carving and folding, the banquet as a spectacle
Authors: Bellavitis Maddalena
Published: January 2024

Review of: Deborah L. Krohn, Staging the table in Europe: 1500-1800 (New York: Bard Graduate Center, 2023, xx + 215 p., ill.)
Learning the morals of nobility in Medieval Europe
Authors: Hefferan Matthew
Published: January 2024

Review of: Claudia Wittig, Learning to be noble in the Middle Ages. Moral education in North-Western Europe (Turnhout: Brepols, 2022, 295 pp., 9 illustrations, index).
Korean-English Bilingualism in Early Childhood
Authors: Park-Johnson Sunny K.
Published: January 2024

This overview of the linguistic development of Korean-English bilingual children in the US focuses on morphology and syntax acquisition in early childhood, a time when language dominance is shifting rapidly. It expands our understanding of heritage language acquisition and furthers bilingualism research on typologically distinct language pairings.
Developing a training program to enhance conservation awareness and attitudes among Thai hotel cooks: A comparative study
Authors: Songpranam Pongsak , Punfujinda Chaiyasit , Chumkaew Krittin , Nuangchalerm Prasart
Published: January 2024

Thai cuisine, a reflection of the nation's cultural identity, has evolved over time and embodies the way of life, thoughts, and mindset of the Thai people. This study aims to develop a training program designed to heighten participants' understanding of conservation issues and assess changes in their conservation attitudes pre and post-training. The research, conducted among 354 Thai hotel cooks, reveals a fundamental challenge in Thai food preparation: the lack of standardized conservation and marketing practices. This encompasses basic culinary skills and regional cooking variations. Culinary schools often emphasize their own culinary philosophies, further exacerbating the issue. Results from the training program indicate that business owners significantly improved their cooking practices, adhered to the National Standard for Thai food sanitation, catered to dietary needs, and embraced authentic Thai cuisine. The Delphi method facilitated consensus on the appropriateness of the training program, and 100 participants reported enhanced project management skills and culinary expertise. The participants expressed satisfaction with the trainers' expertise and communication skills. This research has implications for training programs aimed at promoting awareness of traditional conservation issues and fostering conservation attitudes in the context of Thai food preparation.
Personal Information, Identification Information, and Identity Knowledge
Authors: Douglas David M
Published: January 2024

This commentary responds to the primary article by Åste Corbridge in this volume entitled ‘Responding to Doxing in Australia: Towards a Right to Informational Self-Determination?’. It discusses the way that concepts of ‘personal information’ and ‘identification information’ from the Privacy Act 1988 (Cth) correspond with the seven crucial types of identity knowledge identified by Gary T Marx and argues that these statutory definitions should be expanded to offer better protection to victims of doxing in Australia.
CAN INTERNATIONAL LAW PROVIDE GREECE WITH A SUITABLE AVENUE FOR THE PARTHENON MARBLES REPATRIATION?
Authors: Morgan Shania
Published: January 2024

The Parthenon Marbles (‘the Marbles’) extraction from Greece to the United Kingdom in the nineteenth century by Thomas Bruce, 7th Lord of Elgin, where it remains today in the British Museum, has been part of controversial public debate about who possesses lawful title over the Marbles. Greece has made numerous demands for the restitution of this historically and culturally significant piece, yet the United Kingdom has denied these requests and is protected by domestic legislation from returning the Parthenon Marbles. Currently, it appears the most suitable avenue of restitution for Greece is by pursuing legal action under international law. Based on the evidence collected, Greece has a strong claim for restitution, however there are jurisdictional difficulties and the non-binding nature of advisory opinions which will need to be overcome for a successful outcome.
R Approach in Digital Financial Literacy Influence Subjective Financial Well-Being
Authors: Nurkholik Adam
Published: January 2024

Millennial workers' financial well-being in the digital financial era is nonetheless anxious and insecure. This quantitative study aims to analyze the effect of digital financial literacy on millennial workers' financial well-being through digital financial behavior as a mediator. Well-being is seen subjectively as anxious or secure in their financial conditions. This study collected data by distributing questionnaires to four hundred twenty-five millennial workers born between 1981 and 2005 actively working in Greater Jakarta as a research sample. Utilizing PLS-SEM and the free software R Studio, the collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics to determine the demographics of the respondents. The study's findings show that millennial workers in Greater Jakarta can improve their financial well-being by developing good digital financial literacy and practicing effective digital financial management behavior in using digital financial products. These workers believe this will alleviate their financial worries or provide security for the future. Following this study's findings, millennial workers must master the management of various digital financial service products early on to make financial decisions safely without worrying about financial well-being in their behavior.
تحليل و قياس اثر سرعة دوران النقود في الطلب على النقود في العراق للمدة ( 1990- 2022 )
Authors: Ali Shorsh Qadir , Ghafor Narmen M.
Published: January 2024

- يهدف البحث الى معرفة وتوضيح اثر سرعة دوران النقود في الطلب على النقود في العراق للمدة (1990 -2022) بالاعتماد على البيانات السنوية لمتغيرات البحث ، وقد تم تقدير انموذج قياسي لتحديد العلاقة بين متغيرات البحث باستخدام انموذج (ARDL) ، أثبت البحث ان سرعة دوران النقود لها تأثير سلبي على الطلب على النقود ، كما قدم البحث مجموعة من المقترحات من اهمها، الاخذ بنظر الاعتبار محددات الطلب على النقود ومن ضمنها سرعة دوران النقود عند صياغة السياسة النقدية ، فضلا عن ضرورة الاعتماد على نموذج الطلب على النقود من قبل متخذي السياسة النقدية عند رسم سياساتها.