bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conversão da dívida: realidade e alternativas
Authors: SERRA JOSÉ
Published: February 2024

RESUMO Esta nota discute a possibilidade de conversão da dívida externa em investimento. Para o autor, esse já é um fenômeno em curso e deve ser norteado por uma política que questione como isso deve ser feito como parte integrante da política industrial brasileira.
A transformação da dívida externa em títulos de longo prazo
Authors: BATISTA JR. PAULO NOGUEIRA
Published: February 2024

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta uma discussão sobre a proposta de securitização da dívida externa no contexto da economia brasileira. Depois de analisar muitas questões envolvidas, o trabalho apresenta uma proposta específica de conversão da dívida externa em títulos com vencimento de longo prazo e taxa de juros pré-fixada. Essa proposta deve reduzir a transferência externa de recursos reais e diminuir o estoque da dívida externa e diminuir também a vulnerabilidade da economia brasileira a um aumento da taxa de juros. O artigo apresenta também uma simulação do Balanço de Pagamentos Brasileiro e principais variáveis macroeconômicas para o período 1988/92 para avaliação da proposta.
Contexto e estratégia do programa de integração Argentina-Brasil
Authors: HIRST MONICA
Published: February 2024

RESUMO s relações entre Argentina e Brasil sofreram uma grande mudança desde 1985, com o início de um novo projeto de integração. Embora tenha sido uma iniciativa bilateral, este projeto pode ter grande importância, a longo prazo, para toda a América Latina. Seus objetivos são bastante amplos, envolvendo variáveis econômicas, políticas, estratégicas e culturais. Outro aspecto básico desse projeto é seu compromisso com o processo de redemocratização dos dois países. O sucesso do projeto argentino-brasileiro deve-se ao fato de ser uma iniciativa principalmente dos governos de Alfonsin e Samey. Sua duração, entretanto, depende da estabilidade econômica e política de ambos os países, bem como da participação ativa de seus setores privados.
DETERMINANTS FOR THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF MEXICAN MEAT COMPANIES
Authors: García Hugo César Enríquez , Ruíz Javier Gonzalo Rodríguez
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT This article discusses the importance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) competing in global markets. The main objective of the empirical research presented is to identify the determinants that enable Mexican companies classified as TIF (Tipo Inspección Federal) to export their products to international markets. The research methods used included a Likert scale survey, targeting CEOs and managers in the Mexican meat industry, and the probit econometric technique that demonstrate two hypotheses. The results suggest that food safety (HACCP- H14) is an important factor for exporting, and customer-supplier satisfaction (SCPEXP- H12) makes it possible to aspire to internationalization. These findings support classical internationalization theories, such as the Uppsala model, which are discussed in the theoretical framework.
WORLD TRENDS IN THE STATE POLICY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT SERVICES
Authors:   State organization Cadastre for Land Resources under the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bukueva Aizhan
Published: February 2024

The article studied and summarized the experience of foreign countries in the implementation of the system for the provision of electronic public services, based on which the main trends in the development of the system of electronic public services were identified. The need to study the key trends in the development of e-government in the world is due to the growing need for modern states to establish the most promising and relevant areas for the design of e-government. This need is determined by the desire to minimize the costs associated with the implementation of e-government, avoid the mistakes of other states in this area, and increase the benefits of services provided using information and communication technologies. To solve these problems, it is necessary to determine the most advanced and promising concepts and models for the implementation of e-government, presented by the leading countries of the world. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of the development of electronic government in other states, due to differences in the political, socio-economic, and cultural nature of countries.
MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION OF FUTURE TEACHERS BASED ON NATIONAL TRADITIONS AND CUSTOMS
Authors:   Osh State University, Jooshbekova Zinagul
Published: February 2024

This article deals with the issues of multicultural education through traditions and customs. Research of scientists about multiculturalism based on national traditions are also presented. Factors of multiculturalism are also studied by scientists Arutyunyan Yu.V., Drobizheva L.M. has stopped. Among the Central Asian scholars who studied traditions: B.R. Kadyrova, A.Yu. Teshaboev, K.F. Kamalova, A.I. Musurmanov S.N. Nurmatov, G. Tuktasinova, L. Khodjaeva, I. Yusupova and others. A scientist who wrote generalizing works on the ethnopedagogics of the peoples of Central Asia, A.E. It was Izmailov. On the basis of valuable folklore materials, and scientific sources, he showed the spiritual potential of folk pedagogy, the traditions of the Central Asian ethnic groups and their universal values. These are common values: respect for elders, love for children, hard work, mentoring, and so on.
WOMEN’S PLACE IN ASSEMBLED WORKS OF K. MIFTKOV OF KYRGYZ NATIONAL TRADITIONS
Authors:   Kyrgyz National University named after J. Balasagyn, Kudaibergenova Zeynep
Published: February 2024

The article provides information about the collection of national traditions and rituals in the Kyrgyz folklore of K. Miftakov. K. Miftakov collected manuscripts from the Talas, Chui and Naryn valleys in 1923. In the Fund of Manuscripts of the Department of Social Sciences of the Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz SSR, he handed over materials on the topic “Games”, “Folk crafts”, “Folk rituals”, “Wedding, “Seeing the bride » and Kyrgyz costumes, food, crafts, entertainment, customs, rituals and religious beliefs. He submitted a 599-page manuscript titled "Kyrgyz Ethnography".Among the ethnographic materials collected by K. Miftakov, there is a lot of information about the ancient art of making Kyrgyz ornaments. Miftakov spoke about blacksmithing, a form of folk art: “Kyrgyz craftsmen make the most expensive things from the simplest tools. He says that Kyrgyz craftsmen can make bird guns, shotguns, knives, axes, stirrups, saddles, swords, hoes, dishes and pans, ancient weapons and much more.
"Adapt or Perish": The uncertain fate of childhood contributory negligence in Scotland
Authors: Macfarlane Lesley-Anne Barnes
Published: February 2024

The field of Delict (Tort) is a noteworthy exception to widespread, evolving child rights-based norms across Scottish Law, for there has been little change in the treatment of children in Delict in Scotland in over a century. This article argues that childhood contributory negligence, in its current form, cannot survive imminent, and full, statutory incorporation of the CRC in Scotland. The framework and operation of the law governing childhood contributory negligence is critically reviewed, drawing on Scottish, and relevant UK-wide, case law. Widespread inconsistencies in judicial reasoning about children in contributory negligence determinations are highlighted. Thereafter, consideration is given to what CRC compliance might involve in the field of Delict. Two core rights, article 3 (best interests) and article 6 (child's right to life, survival and development), are then discussed with reference to new Scottish Criminal Sentencing guideline requiring courts to consider the evolving capacity of young people up until the age of 25 years. The article concludes with a call for conceptual and practical reform so that the largely punitive regime of childhood contributory negligence in Scotland must now - in the words of H.G. Wells - either "adapt or perish".
Reconciling Lobolo with the Equality Principle: The need to realign official customary law with living customary law of South Africa
Authors: Boterere Shammah , Maimela Charles
Published: February 2024

Much scrutiny has recently been directed towards African customary law mostly because of its traditionally patriarchal nature, which conflicts with the inalienable constitutional principle of equality. The landmark decision of Mabena v Letsoalo 1998 2 SA 1068 (T) comes to the fore wherein the High Court fostered constitutional values and championed living customary standards in respect of a lobolo dispute. This paper builds on this decision and undertakes desktop research on the potentially unfair discrimination of women in respect of the lobolo practice under official customary law. In this respect, gender validates lobolo under the Recognition of Customary Marriages Act 120 of 1998 (the Recognition Act) in that only the prospective husband or the head of his family has a duty to furnish lobolo while only the bride's family head may receive the lobolo, at the exclusion of all others. In consideration of this, the paper sets out to evaluate whether the statutory gender requirement can survive constitutional scrutiny because it potentially marginalises women. The overarching aim of this paper is to analyse the obstacle that section 1 of the Recognition Act places on prospective brides by hindering them from furnishing lobolo to the family head of a prospective husband in consideration of a customary marriage. Furthermore, the paper also explores whether this prohibition aligns with the needs of contemporary society and whether the prohibition amounts to unfair discrimination. This being said the paper concludes that the Recognition Act's lobolo gender requirement is unjustifiable and violates women's human rights, and law reform is necessary to align official customary law with living customary law and constitutional values.
An Analysis of ELF-informed Practices in ESP Coursebooks
Authors: POYRAZ Erol
Published: February 2024

The investigation of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) contexts has produced significant results in the last few years. Moreover, these results have initiated a shift from achieving native speaker competency to more context-related and functional language use in the perspective of the overall approach to ESP. Yet, the literature needs more study to reveal how far this shift has embedded ESP coursebooks and audio materials. Therefore, this study aimed to explore to what extent the recent ESP coursebooks and audio materials matched the characteristics of ELF. In the study, four ESP coursebooks and their audio tracks were analyzed in terms of the presence or absence of references to ELF features, specifically; ELF-informed activities, the promotion of using English outside the inner circle countries, and the use of authentic expending circle English communication. The findings revealed the dominance of Standard English in language exposure, a dearth of ELF-informed activities, and a sparse representation of expending circle cultures in the four ESP coursebooks. Similarly, the listening tracks showed a strong preference for native English speakers as the introducers of English users in the tracks. The study presents a number of critical implications for ESP instructors and material designers.
LIFEPLAN soil sampling v2
Authors: Giedre Banelyte Gaia , M Farrell Arielle , M.K. Rogers Hanna , Hardwick Bess , Kerdraon Deirdre
Published: February 2024

Lifeplan is a global biodiversity monitoring project with the aim of assessing the current state of biodiversity worldwide, and using this knowledge to generate predictions of how biodiversity might look in the future. In this protocol, we describe the method used within the Lifeplan project for collecting soil samples on a global scale in a wide variety of environmental conditions and habitats. The aim is to use this data to identify species of fungi and create species lists for the different locations across the globe. This protocol contains a detailed description on the materials needed to take soil samples, the steps for preparing the samples for further analysis (e.g. DNA sequencing), as well as necessary information to help in species identification. We identify the equipment used in Lifeplan, but also give technical specifications of that equipment so that other users of this protocol can find equivalent alternative equipment. We also specify which metadata should be collected along with the soil samples. The technical solution we use to collect metadata in the Lifeplan project is described in detail in the full Lifeplan protocol. The expected outcome of this method is soil samples with associated metadata. The soil fungal species identification process in LIFEPLAN is based on metabarcoding and is outside the scope of this protocol. DNA sequencing and species identification will be described elsewhere.
Analysis of glycosphingolipids from cell lines v1
Authors: A Priestman David
Published: February 2024

Interest in the role of cellular glycosphingolipids (GSLs) in health and disease led to us developing a sensitive method to analyse the full complement of GSL structures present in mammalian cells, fluids and tissues. The original qualitative method we developed was published in 2004 and measured the oligosaccharides selectively released from glycosphingolipids using a ceramide glycanase enzyme derived from the medicinal leech. We have now updated and refined this protocol with the focus on achieving sensitive and reproducible quantitation of GSLs in cell line samples. The method uses the fluorescent compound anthranilic acid (2-AA) to label oligosaccharides prior to analysis using normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The labelling procedure is rapid, selective, and easy to perform. With the inclusion of a 2AA-labelled chitotriose calibration standard, it is possible to obtain accurate and reproducible molar quantities of individual GSL species.
Implementation of NOA@PAT
Authors: Rossmann Roger , Winkler Lennart , Böse Sebastian , Sippel Leon
Published: February 2024

Due to the publication of the NAMUR Open Architecture (NOA), there are new oppurtunities to digitalize the existing process industry. The acquisition and direct forwarding to the target address is especially for the operation of  process analytical technologies (PAT) of interest to improve efficiency and avaliability. In this article, the deeper benefit of NOA for PAT is outlined by presenting the advantages of standardized information models for PAT vitality data. Furthermore, the successful implementation of a NOA use case for PAT is shown in terms of the field wiring, the generation of the information model and the IT/OT transfer. At last, open aspects to achieve a comprehensive NOA implementation in existing installations are mentioned.
Isolated cerebral varices: clinical observations and literature review
Authors: Senko I. V. , Ryzhkova E. S. , Patsap O. I. , Dolgushin M. B.
Published: February 2024

The aim of the study is to present rare clinical cases of isolated cerebral varices, summarize scientific literature data on their diagnosis and treatment.

The article describes 2 clinical observations of isolated cerebral varix, presents a literature review of this topic, as well as treatment tactics for patients with this pathology.

In the first clinical observation, in a male 72‑year-old patient isolated cerebral varix was interpreted as distal saccular aneurysm of the right middle cerebral artery per computed angiography data. Surgical treatment was performed: from subtemporal approach in the area of the floor of the middle cranial fossa, cerebral varix, inflow and outflow veins were visualized. The inflow and outflow veins were clipped, aneurysm was resected and sent to histological examination. The patient was discharged on day 8 after surgery. Histological examination of the cerebral varix wall showed typical components for a venous wall, in particular, individual smooth muscle fibers, absence of elastic membrane.

In the second clinical observation, in a female 59‑year-old patient magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, MR angiography and MR venography in the projection of anterior basal parts of the left temporal area showed an aneurysmal malformation transitioning into the superficial middle cerebral vein. Taking into consideration venous pathogenesis of the vascular lesion, dynamic observation of the patient was chosen.

Isolated cerebral varix is a rare vascular pathology without a specific clinical and instrumental picture. To avoid erroneous diagnosis and determine further treatment tactics, additional examinations are recommended: MR imaging, MR angiography and MR venography.
One of the Boychukists. Sources to the biography of Kateryna Borodina
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Samchuk Taras
Published: February 2024

The present essay delves into the details of the biography of Kateryna Borodina, the Ukrainian artist and member of Mykhailo Boychuk’s school of monumental painters. Due to Kateryna Borodina's untimely death, her biography has been distorted and filled with false facts, with Boychukists being blamed by supporters of socialist realism as representatives of formalistic art. The article reveals that Kateryna Borodina hailed from a noble family, and her father was a renowned railway engineer. Despite being an ethnic Russian, influenced by Mykhailo Boychuk and his creative circle, the artist began to identify herself as Ukrainian. This shift was evident in various questionnaires where she repeatedly stated her affiliation, and she also adopted the Ukrainian language in her everyday life. Archival materials cited in the article provide additional information about the artist’s biography, including new details about her student years and the poor state of her health, ultimately leading to her premature death. The article includes illustrations such as childhood photos of the artist and two drawings currently known to belong to her friend Oksana Pavlenko. Despite Kateryna Borodina’s participation in the Venice Biennale and widespread representation of her paintings at Ukrainian exhibitions in the late 1920s, only two of her works are known in Ukrainian museums today. The article introduces various documents shedding light on the artist’s life, including her student archival file. Other documents depict the peculiarities of the everyday life of Ukrainian artists in the 1920s. The appendices of the essay contain nine letters from Kateryna Borodina to Oksana Pavlenko and Sofia Nalepynska-Boychuk, supplemented with comments.
Belt conveyor idler fault diagnosis method based on multi-scale feature fusion and residual mask convolution attention
Authors: Li Xianguo , Wu Dongdong , Liu Yi , Chen Ying
Published: February 2024

Existing idler fault diagnosis methods have problems in failing to fully obtain global context information and providing poor diagnostic accuracy. To address these problems, this paper investigates a new method for diagnosing faults in belt conveyor idlers, based on analysis of their
acoustic signals. The method is also applied to existing databases of bearing fault data. Firstly, an eight-element microphone array sound signal collector is designed to suppress environmental noise and raise the signal-to-noise ratio of the idler sound signal. Secondly, a multi-scale feature
fusion (MSFF) module is constructed to learn complementary information between features at different scales. Then, a residual mask convolutional attention (MCA) module is designed to raise the modelling capability of local features and global contextual information. Finally, the structure
of the ResNet-18 network is optimised to improve model fitting performance. Experimental results on self-made and public datasets show that the suggested method outperforms other comparative methods, achieving real-time accurate detection and classification of belt conveyor idler faults and
typical bearing faults.
Study on fault diagnosis of ultra-low-speed bearings under variable working conditions based on improved EfficientNet network
Authors: Chen Yuanling , Shi Hao , Jin Yaguang , Liu Yuan
Published: February 2024

Bearing fault diagnosis plays an important part in preventing rotating equipment faults, especially in the field of ultra-low-speed bearing fault diagnosis. Due to their low fault frequency and insignificant fault characteristics, it is difficult to realise the fault diagnosis of ultra-low-speed
bearings using traditional methods; therefore, based on acoustic emission (AE) signals, this study proposes an ultra-low-speed bearing recognition model with EfficientNet as the backbone feature extraction network and successfully achieves bearing fault diagnosis under small-sample variable
working conditions combined with transfer learning. The coordinate attention (CA) mechanism is introduced into the EfficientNet backbone feature extraction network to improve the ability of the model to extract detailed position information. The AdamW optimisation algorithm is introduced to
improve the generalisation ability of the model. Combined with the idea of transfer learning, the data under different working conditions are trained and tested to form a high-performance and lightweight small-sample variable condition bearing recognition model called EfficientNet-CA-AdamW
(EfficientNet-CAA). Comparison experiments show that the EfficientNet-CAA model proposed in this study has an accuracy of 99.81% for ultra-low-speed bearing recognition when the training samples are sufficient. Furthermore, the recognition accuracy is smoother and the loss function is significantly
lower compared with convolutional neural network (CNN) models such as AlexNet, VGG-16, ResNet-34, ShuffleNet-V2 and EfficientNet-B0. In small-sample variable condition fault recognition, it has more powerful advantages compared with the other models. The recognition accuracy under variable
conditions can reach more than 98%, which is significantly higher than that of the other models, and effectively improves the bearing fault recognition accuracy under small-sample variable conditions. In this study, the CA mechanism and the AdamW optimisation algorithm are introduced to lessen
the difficulty of extracting detailed features and address the lack of generalisation ability of the EfficientNet model, which provides an idea for the application of the deep learning model to small-sample bearing fault diagnosis under variable working conditions.
A educación das mulleres no pensamento feminista galego de finais do XIX e comezos do XX: a perspectiva de Emilia Pardo Bazán
Authors: García Cabeza Belén
Published: February 2024

A través da pluma e da vida da pensadora coruñesa, Emilia Pardo Bazán, desvélanse as súas grandes contribucións no eido da educación das mulleres. O obxectivo principal deste estudo é facer un breve percorrido por unha das máis discutidas propostas esbozadas pola autora: un modelo educativo que ten por finalidade facilitar un proxecto de vida autónomo para as mulleres, baseado na igualdade sexual, moral, intelectual e social.
Novas: De Galicia e máis alá. Noticias de Galicia
Authors: Costa Rico Antón
Published: February 2024

Novas relativas á educación en de Galicia e mais alá
A História da Educação em Portugal, 2009-2010
Authors: Mogarro Maria João
Published: February 2024

A História da Educação em Portugal, 2009-2010
Costa Rico, A. (2010): D’abord les enfants. Freinet y la educación en España (1926-1975).
Authors: Porto Ucha Anxo Serafín
Published: February 2024

COSTA RICO, A. (2010): D’abord les enfants. Freinet y la educación en España (1926-1975).
Cuesta, R., Molpeceres, A. (2010), Retazos, memorias y relatos del Bachillerato. El Instituto Fray Luis de León de Salamanca (1931-2009)
Authors: Costa Rico Antón
Published: February 2024

CUESTA, R., MOLPECERES, A. (2010), Retazos, memorias y relatos del Bachillerato. El Instituto Fray Luis de León de Salamanca (1931-2009)
Vergara, J. (2010), La educación política en la Edad Media: el *Tractatus de Morali Principis Institutione* de Vicente de Beauvais (1262/63). Una apuesta prehumanista de la política
Authors: Costa Rico Antón
Published: February 2024

VERGARA, J. (2010), La educación política en la Edad Media: el *Tractatus de Morali Principis Institutione* de Vicente de Beauvais (1262/63). Una apuesta prehumanista de la política
Application of a High-Resolution Climate Model Dataset to Assess Habitat Suitability for Spotted Wing Drosophila in Southwest Idaho
Authors: Padian Elizabeth
Published: February 2024

As global climate change continues to produce large deviations from the normals of the 19th and 20th centuries, the agricultural sector will need to adapt to these changes in order to maintain yields and feed the global population. Crop selections, yield amounts, and pest management techniques may need to be adjusted to adapt. The Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD) is a small fruit fly-like bug that can infest berries and stone fruit crops by burrowing into the fruit (at most points in the fruit’s lifecycle) and laying its eggs. These eggs will hatch and the larvae will burrow back out of the fruit. The fruit is then rendered unsellable through USDA markets. The duration of time for a generation of SWD to go from hatching to egg-laying is usually around two weeks, so several generations are likely in a growing season with suitable weather and climate conditions. SWD were first found in traps in west-central Idaho in 2012, after its range had been spreading through the broader Pacific Northwest for several years. Since then, it has been found in insect traps across the agricultural region in Southwest Idaho. If climate change patterns continue with higher temperatures for longer periods of the growing season, and an increase in the growing season length in general, this will provide more time and opportunity for SWD reproduction. This may manifest as the SWD having more suitable places to live and reproduce, and/or the SWD reproducing more generations per growing season in places that it has already been found. If there is an increase in acreage that is growing berries and stone fruits, this may also increase the presence of the SWD. Climate data, particularly the daily high and low temperatures can be used to assess the suitability of locations that the SWD has access to. Growing Degree Day values that are derived from daily high and low temperatures provide a proxy for suitable temperature ranges in which the SWD would be active and breeding. This study uses data from a high spatio-temporal resolution long term simulation with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model together with Oregon State University’s Integrated Pest Management’s (OPM) model for the SWD behavior expectations to estimate the SWD behavior within the local climate of Southwest Idaho. This study looks at changes in the cumulative growing degree day over the years 1987-2016, and how these changes could impact the expected breeding patterns of the SWD. With the growing season length increasing, the potential for a 6th generation now exists in the latter half of the 30 year span. Additionally, the amount of locations that reach degree day thresholds to support five full generations of SWD has nearly doubled in 30 years. This suggests that the SWD can become a much more of a problem for the agricultural sector in Southwest Idaho in the future.
Owed Work Ahead
Authors: Platt Jasmine
Published: February 2024

Noncompliance with the Davis-Bacon Act (1931)—the accidental or intentional disregard of a federal prevailing wage law—is among the most unethical crimes committed against a business’s own workforce. With the threat of sanctions unpersuasive to preventing fraud, a more forbearing eye may be required to understand the understudied construction companies pressed to ‘serve two masters’ in public-private partnerships. This dissertation uses nested data from 26,903 highway and bridge construction- and construction-adjacent firms, funded by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and contracted by 28 state Departments of Transportation between 2010-2019, to answer the overall question: do firms that feel like government comply with government? This data is used to perform a macro-level (national) negative binominal regression determining the scope and impact of Davis-Bacon noncompliance on vulnerable (i.e., female and minority) workers, revealing how unstandardized data collection methodologies risk worker discrimination by wage theft, especially those identifying as Asian, Pacific Islander, or Native Hawaiian; a meso-level (organizational) qualitative content analysis of 4,580 of these contractors’ online mission statements with corporate social responsibility (CSR) and public service motivation (PSM) principles, identifying underexplored mutual solutions; and finally, a micro-level (individual) survey deploying Perry’s (1996) four-dimension, 24 Likert-item scale among 160 of these firms’ employees using a logistic regression model, isolating an unexpected relationship between employees’ Other-regarding sympathy and their firms’ compliance status. The findings presented bring the humdrum concept of “compliance” to life by illustrating its direct effects on the lives of vulnerable workers; establish how PSM is presented and measured—or isn’t—by traditional research methods; connect public service to protecting the public interest through compliant behavior; and offer ways in which all parties in public-private partnerships can prevent the 92 year-old Davis-Bacon Act from circling back to its controversial origins, putting an end to a woeful paradox in which vulnerable workers build the infrastructure system whose upkeep marginalizes them.
The Impact of Free Tuition on Course-Level Student Outcomes
Authors: Sharpe Thomas
Published: February 2024

The United States has experienced a substantial increase in tuition rates for higher education. At the national level free tuition at two-year public institutions has been one solution proposed by various leaders. The College of Southern Idaho (CSI) is a two-year public institution with an emphasis on serving the eight county South Central Idaho region. In the Summer of 2021, a year into the COVID pandemic, CSI leveraged federal COVID support funds to implement “First Eight on Us”. This first-dollar program provided students with up to eight credits for free, with minimal requirements. Then, in Summer 2022, a revised “First Six on Us” program was offered.

The objective of this study was to explore the impact of single semesters of free tuition on various student success outcomes. Outcomes considered included effort and course quality, which was aggregated from course evaluation data. In addition, grades in courses and subsequent enrollment in non-free semesters at CSI were analyzed using student information system data. Using a combination of linear and logistic regression, this analysis found the First Eight on Us program led to increased enrollment, moderate decrease in average grades, minor drop in self-reported effort, little-to-no impact on the perception of course quality, a positive impact in the percent of new student retention and, due to enrollment growth, an increase in the total number of new students retained into non-free semesters.
Cultivating Algae to Generate PUFAS, and Macromolecules Using Struvite and Stress Factors
Authors: Torres Alejandro
Published: February 2024

Agricultural and municipal wastewaters contain vital elements necessary for algal growth (i.e., N, P, Mg, K). One way to capture these elements, in an environmentally friendly way, is through struvite production (NH4MgPO4·6H2O), however, this process is costly to implement. High-value secondary commodities coupled to struvite production can enable implementation of this nutrient capture strategy for agricultural and municipal wastewater systems. In this study, struvite was tested as a nutrient source for cultivation of high-value algal biomass with the main focus on high-value lipids such as Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). We compared the growth of microalgal strains C. reinhardtii, N. oculata, and P. tricornutum in two different growth media that include a standard media (Chu 13 and F2), and media supplemented with municipal struvite as the primary nitrogen and phosphorus source. A second experimental factor (temperature and nutrient stress) was used to evaluate stress effects on algal lipid production when struvite is used as the primary nutrient source for growth. Growth response, lipid content and quality, and nutrient sequestration were evaluated. Data indicate that all three species produce more or the same amount of biomass in struvite-amended treatments relative to controls, respectively (0.43 g/L struvite vs. 0.16 g/L in controls for C. reinhardtii, 2.76 g/L for struvite and 2.58 in controls for P. tricornutum, N. oculata control compared to struvite-amended treatments (0.15 g/L vs. 0.32 g/L, respectively). Lipid productivity and lipid profiles varied with respect to stress and media type as a function of algal strain. Overall, stress and media had a limited effect on polyunsaturated fatty acids PUFA’s production with linoleic acid being the only fatty acid to illustrate a significant response to nutrient stress in N. oculata (104.52 ug/mg compared to 5.84 ug/mg in struvite media). C. reinhardtii had a significant increase in linoleic acid in struvite amended media compared to standard media (13.2 ug/mg vs 7.96 ug/mg). P. tricornutum was the only strain out of the three to produce Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA); however, while none of the treatments had a significant effect on EPA production, EPA was not produced in F2 under temperature stress. Based on the biomass composition of the algal we cultivated under our experimental conditions the highest market value of the biomass was a high-protein cattle feed. Although few lipids illustrate significant responses to our temperature and nutrient stresses, the directional trends in the responses observed across strains and lipids suggest future studies that limit single nutrients (i.e. N or P), rather than simultaneous limitation of N and P may result in more positive effects on yields of targeted lipids.
Indocyanine green fluorescence imaging: A novel adjunct to gastrointestinal surgery
Authors: Nag Hirdaya Hulas , Naik Aabid Hassan , Meena Pankaj
Published: February 2024

Indocyanine Green (ICG) has been applied in medicine since the late 50s for cardiac output measurement, to study the anatomy of Retinal vasculature, and liver functional reserve before major hepatectomy in cirrhotic livers. The dye can be injected into the human bloodstream with practically no adverse effects. ICG fluorescence imaging is advantageous in being compatible with the biochemical characteristics of living tissues. ICG has been used in medical science for the last several decades. However, its use in surgery has recently been explored and has found vast applications in the surgical field. In particular, its use in Gastrointestinal (GI) surgery including hepatobiliary surgery has started to define new trends and techniques to guide the modern surgeon in both simple and complex procedures. In this review we thus explore in light of recent literature the potential uses of ICG in GI surgery.
Paper on role of cervical disc replacement surgery in cervical pivd patients in both elderly and young population and it’s comparison with anterior cervical dissectomy and fusion
Authors: Patel Dhrumil , Patel Dhruv , Ayar Khanjan
Published: February 2024

For more than fifty years, anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) has been a widely accepted operation for cervical spine degenerative diseases, including disc herniation and spondylosis, that are refractory to medical management. The high rates of success and patients’ satisfaction with ACDF has made the operation a standard of care in common neurosurgical practice, however, the advantages of cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) over fusion including maintaining normal neck motion and reducing degeneration of adjacent segments of the cervical spine

To study the role of cervical disc replacement surgery in cervical pivd patients in both elderly and young population and it’s comparison with anterior cervical dissectomy and fusion with age variability taken into consideration.

The inclusion and exclusion criteria used, The operative procedure for both ACDF and CDA, The further follow up studies considering clinical as well as radiological outcome

The most commonly indexed levels of CDA were C4–5 and C5–6, accounting for 85%of the entire series.

The clinical outcomes, including VAS of neck and arm pain, NDI, and JOA scores were all similarly satisfactory after the surgery, during the follow-up.

CDAs has been demonstrated to preserve segmental motion at long-term followup and to decrease the incidence of adjacent-level surgery, as compared to ACDF. Cervical global alignment and the segmental angle at rest improves after cervical arthroplasty
A rare case report on subcutaneous dirofilariasis in Kerala, South India
Authors: Revi Arunkumar Nelliparambil , Revi Sreekumar Nelliparambil , Abraham Usha Mary
Published: February 2024

The genus includes vector-borne filarial nematodes, which usually infect carnivore hosts. This report aims to investigate various clinical manifestations of Human Dirofilariasis. A 44-year-old lady presented with a complaint of left neck pain of 2 weeks duration. On examination, a 2 x 2 cm swelling with tenderness was noted in the upper 1/3rd of the left sternocleidomastoid muscle. The patient was subjected to further investigations. The ultrasonography revealed a nodular lesion measuring 10.4 x 6.7 x 6.9 mm in the upper part of the left sternocleidomastoid muscle with alive moving dirofilarial worms. An excision Biopsy was performed and an HPE confirmed the diagnosis of intramuscular Dirofilariasis. In order to decrease the incidence of this disease through accurate diagnosis, and patient care, it is crucial to track the cases of human Dirofilariasis and increase awareness of these infections, diagnostic procedures, and vector control techniques.
Guatemala: generando impacto para mejorar vidas: resultados recientes en proyectos de productividad rural financiados por el grupo BID
Authors:   Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo,   BID Invest,   BID Lab
Published: February 2024

Guatemala se ha propuesto dar un salto en materia de desarrollo rural e infraestructura productiva, con el objetivo de aumentar su competitividad e impactar positivamente el bienestar de la gente. El Grupo BID, a través de sus distintas ventanillas BID, BID Invest y BID Lab ha apoyado de forma integral dichos esfuerzos con proyectos de innovación agrícola, inclusión financiera y obras viales. Este documento resume los esfuerzos realizados y algunos de los más importantes logros alcanzados, destacando a su vez casos puntuales de personas ciudadanos de a pie que hoy cuentan con mejores condiciones de vida en el campo y nuevas alternativas para llevar sus productos locales a otros mercados.
BIDeconomics Panamá: panorama de oportunidades
Authors: Barrios Juan José , Rodríguez Rubilú , Bermudez Tomas
Published: February 2024

Panamá es un referente de crecimiento para América Latina y el Caribe. Cerca de 6 por ciento ha sido el incremento promedio anual de su PIB entre 2000 y 2019. Incluso, pese a los desafíos postpandemia, el aumento promedio ha sido de 4 por ciento hasta 2023. Si bien este progreso ha acercado al país a los niveles de ingreso de economías más avanzadas, persisten retos significativos como los desequilibrios territoriales, el reducido espacio fiscal e insuficiencias en el gasto social, lo que ha conllevado a fuertes disparidades en el nivel de vida de la gente. En tal contexto, es esencial implementar una serie de medidas que reduzcan la desigualdad, faciliten la diversificación productiva y promuevan un manejo eficiente y sostenible de los recursos tanto financieros como naturales, especialmente el agua. Resulta clave apoyar a los sectores que han impulsado el crecimiento previo, a la vez que se eleva la calidad de vida de los panameños. Consolidarse como una economía de ingresos altos, de manera inclusiva y sostenible, es a la vez un reto inmenso y una oportunidad grandiosa. Este documento del Grupo BID, justamente, identifica oportunidades en tres pilares temáticos desarrollo humano, bases para la productividad y modernización institucional que pueden contribuir al cumplimiento definitivo de ese gran objetivo.
A Voice for the Voiceless: Through the lens of lived experience: No Recourse to Public Funds, the violation of human rights, and resilience to it.
Authors:   Coventry University, UK, Singh Jasber , Hoseyni Hannah ,   United Impact Project 17, UK, Kuforiji Oluwatosin ,   United Impact Project 17, UK, Impact United ,   United Impact Project 17, UK
Published: February 2024

In a 2012 newspaper interview, Theresa May announced a commitment to reducing immigration figures by creating a ‘hostile environment’ for undocumented migrants (1). This ‘hostile environment’ has been perpetuated by the state in the form of a restriction of access to basic social services, social security, work and education.
SUEZ CANAL: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ON ALTERNATIVE TRADE ROUTES
Authors: Ranzan Pedro Alexandre , Cislaghi Tatiane Pellin , Fernandes Elieti Biques
Published: February 2024

Objective: This research aimed to analyze the main alternative routes to Suez Canal Route (SCR): North Sea Route (NSR) and Trans-Siberian Route (TSR). Method: A systematic literature review (SLR) was carried out using the Web of Science (WoS) database. Forty-eight related articles were found, of which 16 remained for further analysis after refinement. Main Results: It was identified that the TSR and NSR routes are economically viable compared to the SCR, given certain specific conditions, and that the railway mode is less studied in relation to the maritime mode. Relevance / Originality: Possible alternative trade routes for the transportation of goods, both via maritime and railway modes, were identified, with the highlighting of advantages and disadvantages. Theoretical / Methodological Contributions: The study is relevant for the international logistics field, since, by analyzing each transport mode, it was possible to highlight issues that need to be further explored in relation to existing routes. Social / Management Contributions: This study contributed to determining TSR as the most cost-effective route according to the articles analyzed in the SLR. It also clarified issues such as prices, costs, distances, advantages and disadvantages, sustainability issues, as well as updated data from other studies.
The Principle of Direct Effect of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in Criminal Case Review
Authors:   Judge of the Second Cassation Court of General Jurusdiction, Kaznacheysky Vladimir V.
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to problematic issues of applying the principle of constitutional law related to the direct effect of the Constitution of the Russian Federation when considering criminal cases by courts of general jurisdiction. The subject of the study is the principle of direct action of the Basic Law, doctrinal sources devoted to the topic under discussion, the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, issues of legal consciousness of judges. Scientific provisions on the formation of comprehensive measures aimed at eliminating identified shortcomings in law enforcement practice are presented.
Municipal Information Systems: Demarcation of Legal Regulation Powers
Authors:   Head of the Department of Information Law and Digital Technologies of the Saratov State Law Academy, LL.D., Professor, Channov Sergey E.
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the powers of different levels of government on the legal regulation of municipal information systems. The author notes that the current provisions of the federal laws ‘On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection’ and ‘On General Principles of Organisation of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation’ question the legality of its implementation at the regional and municipal levels. To solve this problem, it seems necessary, firstly, to fix in Article 13 of the Federal Law ‘On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection’ the possibility to establish the peculiarities of legal regulation of municipal information systems not only by legislative, but also bylaws on local self-government; secondly, to specify in the Federal Law ‘On General Principles of Organisation of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation’ the possibility of the subjects of the Russian Federation to carry out lawmaking activities. At the same time, it is important to enshrine in regional laws on municipal information systems the conceptual requirements that ensure the possibility of integration of information systems of different municipalities among themselves, as well as with regional state information systems.
Relevant Issues of Functioning of the National Legal Ideology as the Basis for Legal Consciousness of Employees of Law Enforcement Authorities
Authors:   Deputy Head of the Department of Human Resource, Education and Professional Education of the Chief Directorate for the Smolensk Region of the EMERCOM of Russia, PhD (Law), Uvarova Valeria V.
Published: February 2024

The article deals with issues characterized by an ever-growing degree of relevance, namely those related to the national legal ideology. At the same time, some of its aspects are analyzed by the author from the point of view of the role in the process of forming the legal consciousness of persons directly involved in law enforcement activities through the implementation of the law enforcement function, on the basis of which there is drawn a conclusion about the importance of the effective functioning of the national legal ideology to prevent the destructive transformation of the professional legal consciousness of law enforcement officers as indicator of the shape of the legal culture of society.
Regulation and Practice of Staffing Support of Healthcare Institutions in the Stalingrad Region (1942 to 1943)
Authors:   Chief Research Scientist of the Department of Studies of Problems of History of the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation of the Research Center of the Management Academy of the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation, LL.D., Professor, Epifanov Aleksandr E.
Published: February 2024

The article makes an attempt at describing organizational and legal fundamentals of staffing support of healthcare institutions that existed in 1942 to 1943 in Stalingrad and its suburbs.
Russia and Its Regions in International Regionalization of Eurasia
Authors:   Chief Research Scientist of the Center for Research of Territorial Governance and Local Self-Government of the Academy of Public Administration, LL.D., Associate Professor, Chertkov Aleksandr N.
Published: February 2024

The article is dedicated to the comprehension of inter-state and intra-state regionalization of contemporary Russia within the framework of the determination of self-identity in the Eurasian space and the improvement of exercising of public government on various levels.
Projection of the Digital Environment Concept in the Conceptual and Categorical Framework of the Law Theory
Authors:   Lecturer of the International Law Institute, Attorney at the Unity Moscow Bar Association, Kulikov Stanislav B.
Published: February 2024

The article reveals the content of the concept of ‘digital environment’, which has recently appeared in scientific circulation. The author offers an analysis of scientific works in which this definition is used, and discusses the issue of ‘purity of legal language’ raised by one of the Russian legal theorists. The author’s interpretation of this concept is proposed.