bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Speech‐language pathology care and short‐ and long‐term outcomes of oropharyngeal cancer treatment in the elderly
Authors: Webster Kimberly T. , Tippett Donna , Simpson Marissa , Abrams Rina , Pietsch Kristine , Herbert Robert J. , Eisele David W. , Gourin Christine G.
Published: October 2017

Objective

To examine associations between speech‐language pathology (SLP) care and pretreatment variables, short‐term and long‐term swallowing and airway impairment, and survival in elderly patients treated for oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (SCCA).

Study Design

Retrospective analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicare data.

Methods

We evaluated longitudinal data from 666 patients diagnosed with oropharyngeal SCCA from 2004 to 2007 using cross‐tabulations, multivariate logistic regression, and survival analysis.

Results

SLP care was documented in 25% of patients. High‐volume hospital care (odds ratio (OR) = 3.2 [1.0–10.0]) and dysphagia during treatment (OR = 13.0 [3.6–47.1]) were the only significant predictors of SLP care during the initial treatment period. SLP care was significantly more likely during the first year (OR = 5.3 [3.1–9.1]) and second year (OR = 4.5 [2.4–8.2]) following initial treatment. Subsequent dysphagia (OR = 32.5 [16.9–62.4]), stricture (OR = 2.2 [1.2–4.0]), gastrostomy (OR = 1.7 [1.1–2.7]), and tracheostomy tube use (OR = 2.4 [1.2–4.8]) were significantly associated with long‐term SLP care. After controlling for patient, tumor, and treatment‐related variables, SLP care was associated with significant relative attenuation of the OR for dysphagia (93%), stricture (35%), weight loss (8%), and airway obstruction (34%). Survival analysis, controlling for all other variables, demonstrated improved survival for patients under SLP care (hazard ratio = 0.73 [0.57–0.95]).

Conclusion

SLP care is underutilized in elderly oropharyngeal SCCA patients and largely utilized after the onset of impaired airway and swallowing function, but is associated with improved outcomes. These data suggest a need for treatment guidelines that incorporate the routine use of SLP care in this population during the initial treatment period and beyond.

Level of Evidence

2c.Laryngoscope, 128:1403–1411, 2018
Significant skin‐tightening by closure of fractional ablative laser holes
Authors: Russe Elisabeth , Purschke Martin , Limpiangkanan Wikunda , Farinelli William A. , Wang Ying , Doukas Apostolos G. , Sakamoto Fernanda H. , Wechselberger Gottfried , Anderson Richard Rox
Published: October 2017

Background and Objective

Ablative fractional laser treatment uses thousands of very small laser beam wounds to damage a fraction of the skin, which stimulates tissue remodeling. Each open micro‐wound heals without scarring, but the amount of skin tightening achieved is limited. This animal study was performed to test the hypothesis that immediate temporary closure of fractional laser wounds could increase skin tightening after fractional ablative laser treatment.

Materials and Methods

Four adult swine were used for the study; 98 square test sites (3 × 3 cm) were tattooed on the abdomen and flanks of each pig. An ablative fractional Erbium:YAG laser (Sciton Profile, Sciton Inc, Palo Alto, CA) was used to treat the test areas. A laser micro‐spot fluence of 375 J/cm2 was delivered in 150–250 microseconds pulses, resulting in an array of ablation channels extending 1.5 mm deep into the skin, with a spot size of 250 µm, with 10% treatment density. Immediately following laser exposure the resulting holes were closed using a stretched elastic adhesive dressing, which, when applied, recoiled and compressed the diameter of the ablation holes. The compressive dressings were removed after 7 days. This procedure was compared to removing the same amount of skin (10%) mechanically by specially designed 19 gauge coring needles, as well as to the same laser and coring methods without compression closure. Area and shape of test sites were measured by digital photography before and 28 days after treatment. Data analysis included compensation for animal growth, as measured by increase in the area of the untreated control sites.

Results

All treated and control sites healed within a week, without scarring evident at 28 days. Laser treatment combined with compressive wound closure caused significant shrinkage at 28 days compared with untreated control sites. The treated skin area was reduced by 11.5% (P = 0.0001). Needle coring with wound closure produced similar, significant shrinkage (8%, P < 0.0021), whereas laser and needle coring treatment without closure did not result in significant area reduction (P = 0.1289) compared with untreated control sites.

Conclusion

Significant skin tightening can be achieved by immediate temporary non‐invasive wound closure after short pulse Er:YAG fractional ablative laser treatment, as well as after mechanically removing skin with a coring needle. This approach may improve skin tightening after ablative laser treatments. Further clinical studies are necessary to confirm successful application in humans. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:64–69, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Soybean‐Oil‐Based Thermosetting Resins with Methacrylated Vanillyl Alcohol as Bio‐Based, Low‐Viscosity Comonomer
Authors: Zhang Yuehong , Thakur Vijay Kumar , Li Yuzhan , Garrison Thomas F , Gao Zhenhua , Gu Jiyou , Kessler Michael R.
Published: October 2017

A novel, bio‐based, aromatic monomer (methacrylated vanillyl alcohol, MVA) is synthesized using vanillyl alcohol and methacrylic anhydride in the absence of solvents. The resulting MVA is used as a sustainable comonomer to replace styrene in a maleinated acrylated epoxidized soybean‐oil (MAESO) resin to produce novel thermosets via free radical polymerization. The influence of MVA loading on the viscosity, gelation time, curing extent, thermomechanical properties, and tensile properties of the MAESO–MVA thermoset is investigated. The synthesized MVA exhibits very low volatility, which is beneficial for the development of construction material with low or zero emission. The viscosity of the MAESO–MVA system can be tailored to meet the commercial requirements. Increasing the MVA content accelerates the crosslinking reaction rate and improves thermal and mechanical properties of the MAESO–MVA system. The glass transition temperature increases with increasing MVA content. Soxhlet extraction experiments show that more than 90% of the components are incorporated into the crosslinking network. Overall, the developed MVA monomer shows promising properties to be used as an effective, green comonomer to replace styrene.
Sleep, biological stress, and health among toddlers living in socioeconomically disadvantaged homes: A research protocol
Authors: Ordway Monica R. , Sadler Lois S. , Canapari Craig A. , Jeon Sangchoon , Redeker Nancy S.
Published: October 2017

Healthy sleep is important to behavioral, neurobiological, and physiologic health. In older children and adults, stress biomarkers, such as cortisol and C‐reactive protein, increase when they do not practice healthy sleep habits. However, little is known about the relationships among sleep health, stress, and health outcomes among very young children living with socioeconomic adversity, a group that is particularly at risk for poor future health. The NIH‐funded study described in this protocol addresses this scientific gap to improve understanding of these relationships during a critical developmental period in children's lives—toddlerhood. We will use a longitudinal design with repeated measures to prospectively examine the relationships among sleep health, stress, and toddlers’ health from age 12 to 24 months, to address the following aims: i) examine changes in subjective and objective sleep health measures; ii) examine changes in stress biomarkers; iii) examine the cross‐sectional and longitudinal relationships between sleep health measures and stress response; and iv) examine the cross‐sectional and longitudinal relationships between sleep health measures, stress biomarkers, and toddlers’ behavioral health. The sample will include 113 toddlers and their caregivers. We are collecting subjective and objective data on sleep health, multi‐systemic biomarkers of stress, and toddlers’ behavioral health. Generalized linear models will be used in the data analyses. Results from this study will be used to support development and testing of interventions, such as those that may improve sleep, among young children at risk for toxic stress.
Thermal oxidation and thermal degradation kinetics of brominated epoxy resin/Sb2O3 flame retardant PA10T/GF composites
Authors: Wang Meng , Song Haishuo , He Weidi , Wang Jian , Zhou Dengfeng , Guo Jianbing
Published: October 2017

In this article, the thermal‐oxidative aging effects on short‐glass‐fiber reinforced PA10T composites (PA10T/GF) filled with brominated epoxy resin/Sb2O3 (BER/AT) were investigated. The composites were exposed in a ventilated oven with different aging temperatures of 160°C, 200°C, and 240°C for 0–50 d. The results showed that the crystallinity decreased after aging, and the mechanical properties deteriorated due to the oxidation of PA10T resin and the reduction of interfacial adhesion as shown by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. The dynamic mechanical analysis revealed that the micro‐crosslinking reactions happened during 160°C aging process and thus storage modulus increased as well as glass transition temperature (Tg). However, the molecular degradation dominated in the later phase of 200°C and 240°C aging; this resulted in the decrease of Tg and the emergence of a large number of small molecules. The resin residue rate obtained from thermal gravimetric analysis increased after aging. After 30 d of aging at 240°C, the composites showed an obvious carbonization and the composite structure was destroyed severely. Also, the thermal stability of the composites decreased obviously when aged at 200°C for 30 and 50 d according to the kinetic analysis of thermal degradation. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:1583–1595, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Magnetic properties of cellulose‐grafted reduced graphite oxide decorated with Ni nanoparticles
Authors: Dhahri Abdelwaheb , Jaoua‐Bahloul Hend , Baouab Mohammed Hassen V. , Luneau Dominique , Beyou Emmanuel
Published: October 2017

We report the immobilization of nickel nanoparticles on the surface of cellulose‐grated reduced graphite oxide sheets (rGO). The decoration of GO with magnetic nickel nanoparticles was conducted in three steps. First, pure graphite oxide (GO) was functionnalized by cellulose. Then, the corresponding material was doped with Ni nanoparticles (NiNPs) using NiCl2.6H2O followed by a chemical reduction in presence of hydrazine. The resulting NiNPs/cellulose‐grafted rGO material with a 20 wt% NiNPs content was found to be nearly ferroramagnetic. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:1630–1635, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
What Is Old Is New Again: Delafloxacin, a Modern Fluoroquinolone
Authors: Cho Jonathan C. , Crotty Matthew P. , White Bryan P. , Worley Marylee V.
Published: October 2017

Delafloxacin is a new fluoroquinolone antimicrobial approved for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs) in adults using dosage regimens of 300 mg intravenously every 12 hours, 450 mg orally every 12 hours, or switching from intravenous to oral regimens for a 5‐ to 14‐day treatment duration. Dosage adjustments in patients with severe renal dysfunction (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] = 15–29 ml/min/1.73 m2) are not required for oral doses but should be decreased to 200 mg intravenously every 12 hours in patients requiring parenteral therapy. Due to insufficient data, use of delafloxacin is not recommended for patients on hemodialysis or with end‐stage renal disease (eGFR < 15 ml/min/1.73 m2). Delafloxacin works through inhibition of DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV, which are essential enzymes for bacterial DNA transcription, replication, repair, and recombination and exhibits bactericidal activity against gram‐positive and gram‐negative organisms through a concentration‐dependent matter. Delafloxacin has a very broad spectrum of activity against atypical, anaerobic, and resistant gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria, including methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. During phase 3 trials, the most common side effects associated with delafloxacin were gastrointestinal (nausea, diarrhea). Unlike other fluoroquinolones, there does not seem to be a risk of QTc prolongation or phototoxicity with delafloxacin. The availability of both parenteral and oral formulations for delafloxacin distinguishes it from many of the currently available agents approved for ABSSSIs. Phase 3 studies for the treatment of respiratory infections are currently under way, and future results of these studies will further help delineate the role of delafloxacin.
Old drug, new tricks: realising the potential of repurposing
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: October 2017

Drug repurposing has the potential to bring much‐needed new treatments to the market quickly. However, despite many promising candidates, this approach is still underused, with funding and regulatory problems often impeding the development process.
Do we need guidance on prescribing low‐value medicines?
Authors: Dowden Angela
Published: October 2017

NHS England and NHS Clinical Commissioners have been consulting on proposed new guidance for CCGs on items that should not routinely be prescribed in primary care owing to their “low clinical value”. The aim is to address unwarranted variation in prescribing and reduce NHS expenditure, but what will be the impact on patients and how do healthcare professionals feel about the plans?
Eluxadoline: a treatment for IBS with diarrhoea in adults
Authors: Chaplin Steve
Published: October 2017

Eluxadoline (Truberzi) is an oral mixed opioid‐receptor agonist/antagonist licensed for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea in adults. This article examines its properties, efficacy in clinical trials and side‐effects.
Ultrathin Layered SnSe Nanoplates for Low Voltage, High‐Rate, and Long‐Life Alkali–Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Peihao , Zheng Henry , Liu Qiao , Lv Fan , Wu Jiandong , Wang Hao , Guo Shaojun
Published: October 2017

2D electrode materials with layered structures have shown huge potential in the fields of lithium‐ and sodium‐ion batteries. However, their poor conductivity limits the rate performance and cycle stability of batteries. Herein a new colloid chemistry strategy is reported for making 2D ultrathin layered SnSe nanoplates (SnSe NPs) for achieving more efficient alkali‐ion batteries. Due to the effect of weak Van der Waals forces, each semiconductive SnSe nanoplate stacks on top of each other, which can facilitate the ion transfer and accommodate volume expansion during the charge and discharge process. This unique structure as well as the narrow‐bandgap semiconductor property of SnSe simultaneously meets the requirements of achieving fast ionic and electronic conductivities for alkali‐ion batteries. They exhibit high capacity of 463.6 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1 for Na‐ion batteries and 787.9 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 for Li‐ion batteries over 300 cycles, and also high stability for alkali‐ion batteries.
Alternative therapy for pure leishmaniasis
Authors: Burstein Zuño , Tejada Abelardo , Flores Diana , Fuchino Hiroyuki
Published: October 2017

Case

The Japanese ointment shiunko was given to 56 patients with clinical findings of cutaneous lesions and parasite evidence of pure cutaneous leishmaniasis (Andean cutaneous leishmaniasis, also known as UTA in Peru), as an alternative therapy because they were unable to be treated with the usual antimonial treatment for various reasons.

Outcomes

Fifty‐three subjects were followed for 30 days. Fifty had confirmed remission of the lesions together with negative parasitology and healing, and three did not achieve treatment response. Three of the initially enrolled patients withdrew from the study.

Conclusion

Shiunko ointment appeared to be effective in the treatment of leishmaniasis, indicating the need for further studies with an increased number of patients in order to obtain statistically significant results.
Implications of climate change for the sugarcane industry
Authors: Linnenluecke Martina K. , Nucifora Natalie , Thompson Nicole
Published: October 2017

This review was undertaken to draw together research on how climate change impacts sugarcane production, and to assess the implications of climate change for the sugarcane industry, as well as possible response options. Much of the extant research examines how changes in climate lead to changes in primary production; however, few studies consider how climate change translates into industry‐wide impacts and economic consequences across the sugarcane value chain. Of the 90 studies we reviewed (published as journal articles, proceedings, and book chapters), 61 assess observed and/or projected impacts of climate change on sugarcane production. These studies reach largely different conclusions regarding how increases in air temperature or atmospheric carbon dioxide levels impact sugarcane production. These mixed results can be attributed to differences between the studies in terms of methods, time frames, and growing regions, which all limit cross‐study comparability. A total of 17 studies focus on the adaptation to observed and/or projected impacts of climate change, such as changed management procedures or farming practices, but there is limited evidence regarding successful adaptation outcomes. In addition, a separate stream of papers discusses mitigating energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in the sugarcane production process, often with a view to reducing environmental impacts. Our review concludes by outlining the pathways for future research, highlighting that further insights are needed in particular regarding the economic consequences of climate change for the sugarcane industry. WIREs Clim Change 2018, 9:e498. doi: 10.1002/wcc.498

This article is categorized under:

Future of Global Energy > Evaluating Future Impacts of Climate Change
Power Electronic Semiconductor Materials for Automotive and Energy Saving Applications – SiC, GaN, Ga2O3, and Diamond
Authors: Wellmann Peter J.
Published: October 2017

Power electronics belongs to the future key technologies in order to increase system efficiency as well as performance in automotive and energy saving applications. Silicon is the major material for electronic switches since decades. Advanced fabrication processes and sophisticated electronic device designs have optimized the silicon electronic device performance almost to their theoretical limit. Therefore, to increase the system performance, new materials that exhibit physical and chemical properties beyond silicon need to be explored. A number of wide bandgap semiconductors like silicon carbide, gallium nitride, gallium oxide, and diamond exhibit outstanding characteristics that may pave the way to new performance levels. The review will introduce these materials by (i) highlighting their properties, (ii) introducing the challenges in materials growth, and (iii) outlining limits that need innovation steps in materials processing to outperform current technologies.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Investigation of Mono‐ and Di‐phosphite substituted [FeFe]‐Hydrogenase H‐Cluster Mimics
Authors: Abul‐Futouh Hassan , Görls Helmar , Weigand Wolfgang
Published: October 2017

In this paper, the monosubstituted [Fe2(CO)5P(OMe)3{μ‐(edt)}] (2) and the disubstituted [Fe2(CO)4(P(OMe)3)2{μ‐(edt)}] (3) complexes we re‐synthesized by CO substitution using thermal activation method. In contrast, Darchen and co‐workers prepared complexes 2 and 3 by electron transfer catalysis method. The resulting complexes were characterized by different spectroscopic techniques. A detailed electrochemical study of complexes 2 and 3 in the absence and presence of the weak acetic acid, AcOH, was also reported. The structure of complexes 2 and 3 were confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Tolerant reasoning: nontransitive or nonmonotonic?
Authors: Cobreros Pablo , Egré Paul , Ripley Dave , van Rooij Robert
Published: October 2017

The principle of tolerance characteristic of vague predicates is sometimes presented as a soft rule, namely as a default which we can use in ordinary reasoning, but which requires care in order to avoid paradoxes. We focus on two ways in which the tolerance principle can be modeled in that spirit, using special consequence relations. The first approach relates tolerant reasoning to nontransitive reasoning; the second relates tolerant reasoning to nonmonotonic reasoning. We compare the two approaches and examine three specific consequence relations in relation to those, which we call:strict-to-tolerantentailment,pragmatic-to-tolerantentailment, andpragmatic-to-pragmaticentailment. The first two are nontransitive, whereas the latter two are nonmonotonic.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Control Challenges with a Novel Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay in a Tertiary Medical Center
Authors: Sendi Parham , Egli Adrian , Dangel Marc , Frei Reno , Tschudin-Sutter Sarah , Widmer Andreas F.
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate host characteristics, mode of infection acquisition, and infection control procedures in patients with a positive respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) test result after the introduction of the GenXpert Influenza/RSV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay.

DESIGN

Retrospective cohort study.

PATIENTS

Adults with a positive PCR test result for RSV who were hospitalized in a tertiary academic medical center between January 2015 and December 2016 were included in this study. Our infection control policy applies contact isolation precautions only for immunocompromised patients.

METHODS

Patients were identified through 2 databases, 1 consisting of patients isolated because of RSV infection and 1 with automatically collected laboratory results. Baseline and clinical characteristics were collected through a retrospective medical chart review. The rate of and clinical factors associated with healthcare-associated RSV infections were evaluated.

RESULTS

In total, 108 episodes in 106 patients hospitalized with a positive Xpert RSV test result were recorded during the study period. Among them, 11 episodes were healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and 97 were community-acquired infections (CAIs). The mean length of hospital stay (LOS, 40.2 vs 11.2 days), the mean number of room switches (3.5 vs 1.7) and ward switches (1.5 vs 0.4), and the mean numbers of contact patients (9.9 vs 3.8) were significantly longer and higher in the HAI group than in the CAI group (P<.0001). Surveillance of microbiology records and clinical data did not reveal evidence for a cluster or an epidemic during the 2-year observation period.

CONCLUSIONS

The introduction of a rapid molecular diagnostic test systematically applied to patients with influenza-like illness may challenge current infection control policies. In our study, patients with HAIs had a prolonged hospital stay and a high number of contact patients, and they switched rooms and wards frequently.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2017;38:1291–1297
MULTIPLICATIVE ORDERS IN ORBITS OF POLYNOMIALS OVER FINITE FIELDS
Authors: SHPARLINSKI IGOR E.
Published: October 2017

We show, under some natural restrictions, that orbits of polynomials cannot contain too many elements of small multiplicative order modulo a large prime p. We also show that for all but finitely many initial points either the multiplicative order of this point or the length of the orbit it generates (both modulo a large prime p) is large. The approach is based on the results of Dvornicich and Zannier (Duke Math. J.139 (2007), 527–554) and Ostafe (2017) on roots of unity in polynomial orbits over the algebraic closure of the field of rational numbers.
Ribosome structural dynamics in translocation: yet another functional role for ribosomal RNA
Authors: Noller Harry F. , Lancaster Laura , Mohan Srividya , Zhou Jie
Published: October 2017

Ribosomes are remarkable ribonucleoprotein complexes that are responsible for protein synthesis in all forms of life. They polymerize polypeptide chains programmed by nucleotide sequences in messenger RNA in a mechanism mediated by transfer RNA. One of the most challenging problems in the ribosome field is to understand the mechanism of coupled translocation of mRNA and tRNA during the elongation phase of protein synthesis. In recent years, the results of structural, biophysical and biochemical studies have provided extensive evidence that translocation is based on the structural dynamics of the ribosome itself. Detailed structural analysis has shown that ribosome dynamics, like aminoacyl-tRNA selection and catalysis of peptide bond formation, is made possible by the properties of ribosomal RNA.
The Great Socialist Experiment? The Soviet State in its International Context
Authors: Hoffmann David L.
Published: October 2017

This essay takes the October Revolution's centennial as an occasion to consider Soviet state practices in an international context. Many features of Soviet governance reflected an interventionist ethos that first arose in western Europe and subsequently informed programs of population management around the world. From this perspective, we see that Soviet methods of rule derived not from socialist ideology but rather from pre-existing state practices. Communist Party leaders used these practices to pursue ideological goals, but both ambitions to reshape society and the means to do so originated elsewhere. This comparative approach also highlights ways the Soviet case resembled that of other late-developing countries, where educated elites similarly relied on state interventions to transform their populations. For many of them, the Soviet Union offered an alternative model of socioeconomic advancement, albeit one based on extreme state violence.
Lenin in Barcelona: the Russian Revolution and the Spanish trienio bolchevista, 1917–1920
Authors: Rodriguez Arturo Zoffmann
Published: October 2017

The Russian Revolution inaugurated a period of unprecedented social agitation in Spain, which shared notable structural similarities with Russia. The instability of this period, often referred to as the trienio bolchevista (three Bolshevik years), paved the way for military dictatorship in 1923, and revealed grave defects in the Spanish political and social edifice (the national question, the land question, the inefficiency and corruption of the state, the militancy of the labor movement), which would re-emerge again with even greater virulence in the 1930s. The Russian Revolution provided a powerful stimulus for these upheavals, and the myth of Bolshevism helped spur both revolution from below and counterrevolution from above. This paper will provide a synopsis of the turbulences of these years and will gauge their ulterior significance, setting them in a transnational context. In particular, the paper will assess the specific impact of the Russian Revolution in Spain.
In Pursuit of a Different Revolution: Russian Populists of the Seventies Generation in 1917
Authors: Eklof Ben , Saburova Tatiana
Published: October 2017

Nikolai Charushin and Vera Figner, both populists of the “1870s generation,” late in their lives played a role in the events of 1917, responding first with tempered enthusiasm, and then with trepidation over the growing chaos and polarization that led up to the Bolshevik revolution in October. Despite their efforts, such populists ended up on the losing side, and have often been criticized for misreading the situation in the country, holding naïve beliefs or hegemonic and patronizing attitudes about the peasantry and having little experience with real world politics. In fact, if their full life stories, especially the two decades before 1917, are taken into account, they and others of their generation were immersed in the activities of the zemstvo, local politics in general, and newspaper affairs. Their caution, moderate stances and gradualism were based not so much on inexperience as on long exposure to the peasantry and to the needs of the countryside as well as rather prescient awareness of the potential for catastrophe in the situation at that time.
A Review About Lycopene-Induced Nuclear Hormone Receptor Signalling in Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism via still Unknown Endogenous Apo-10´-Lycopenoids
Authors: Caris-Veyrat Catherine , Garcia Ada L. , Reynaud Eric , Lucas Renata , Aydemir Gamze , Rühl Ralph
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Lycopene is the red pigment in tomatoes and tomato products and is an important dietary carotenoid found in the human organism. Lycopene-isomers, oxidative lycopene metabolites and apo-lycopenoids are found in the food matrix. Lycopene intake derived from tomato consumption is associated with alteration of lipid metabolism and a lower incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Lycopene is mainly described as a potent antioxidant but novel studies are shifting towards its metabolites and their capacity to mediate nuclear receptor signalling. Di-/tetra-hydro-derivatives of apo-10´-lycopenoic acid and apo-15´-lycopenoic acids are potential novel endogenous mammalian lycopene metabolites which may act as ligands for nuclear hormone mediated activation and signalling. In this review, we postulate that complex lycopene metabolism results in various lycopene metabolites which have the ability to mediate transactivation of various nuclear hormone receptors like RARs, RXRs and PPARs. A new mechanistic explanation of how tomato consumption could positively modulate inflammation and lipid metabolism is discussed.
Suicidal Risk Following the Termination of Romantic Relationships
Authors: Love Heather A. , Nalbone David P. , Hecker Lorna L. , Sweeney Kathryn A. , Dharnidharka Prerana
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Background: The termination of a romantic relationship is an established predictor of suicide attempt. Severing a relationship with a romantic figure can feel life-ending, based on attachment theory. Aims: The primary goal of this study was to determine if specific risk markers for suicide are related to an individual's commitment level to the romantic relationship prior to its dissolution. Method: The purpose of this study was to examine if commitment and investment are linked with suicidal risk in a sample of adults (n = 208) in the United States ages 18–64 who experienced the break-up of a significant romantic relationship within the past 3 months. Results: A structural equation model analysis revealed a significant association between commitment to the romantic relationship and suicidal risk when mediated by depression. This suggests that high commitment to the previous romantic relationship is indirectly associated with suicidal risk, indicating a need for increased attention to individuals who recently experienced a break-up. Limitations: This study is limited by its cross-sectional design and by retrospective accounts of the previous relationships. Conclusion: This study indicates that high commitment to a romantic relationship may serve as a risk factor of depression and therefore of suicide when the relationship is terminated.
Dispersal alters bacterial diversity and composition in a natural community
Authors: Albright Michaeline B N , Martiny Jennifer B H
Published: October 2017

Dispersal is central to the evolution and maintenance of microbial diversity. Quantifying microbial dispersal and its role in shaping communities remains a challenge, however. Here, we manipulated a bacterial community’s dispersal rate in a grassland ecosystem and test whether this altered diversity and composition. We constructed bags of two nylon mesh sizes that allowed more or less bacterial movement and filled them with an edible or inedible substrate, irradiated plant litter or nylon sheets. We measured changes in bacterial abundance (using flow cytometry) and composition (using 16S amplicon sequencing) in the bags weekly over 5 months. The dispersal treatment altered bacterial colonization rates and led to differences in the abundance, richness, evenness and composition of communities. Overall, the study demonstrates that dispersal influences the assembly of this natural bacterial community.
Erratum: Intravenous delivery of adeno-associated virus 9-encoded IGF-1Ea propeptide improves post-infarct cardiac remodelling
Authors: Gallego-Colon Enrique , Villalba Maria , Tonkin Joanne , Cruz Francisco , Bernal Juan Antonio , Jimenez-Borregureo Luis J , Schneider Michael D , Lara-Pezzi Enrique , Rosenthal Nadia
Published: October 2017

Correction to: npj Regenerative Medicine (2016) 1, 16001; doi:10.1038/npjregenmed.2016.1; published online 9 June 2016 The following statement was missing in the Materials and Methods section: All experiments were approved by the local Ethics Committee at the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (PA5512).
PLATO software provides analytic framework for investigating complexity beyond genome-wide association studies
Authors: Hall Molly A. , Wallace John , Lucas Anastasia , Kim Dokyoon , Basile Anna O. , Verma Shefali S. , McCarty Cathy A. , Brilliant Murray H. , Peissig Peggy L. , Kitchner Terrie E. , Verma Anurag , Pendergrass Sarah A. , Dudek Scott M. , Moore Jason H. , Ritchie Marylyn D.
Published: October 2017

Genome-wide, imputed, sequence, and structural data are now available for exceedingly large sample sizes. The needs for data management, handling population structure and related samples, and performing associations have largely been met. However, the infrastructure to support analyses involving complexity beyond genome-wide association studies is not standardized or centralized. We provide the PLatform for the Analysis, Translation, and Organization of large-scale data (PLATO), a software tool equipped to handle multi-omic data for hundreds of thousands of samples to explore complexity using genetic interactions, environment-wide association studies and gene–environment interactions, phenome-wide association studies, as well as copy number and rare variant analyses. Using the data from the Marshfield Personalized Medicine Research Project, a site in the electronic Medical Records and Genomics Network, we apply each feature of PLATO to type 2 diabetes and demonstrate how PLATO can be used to uncover the complex etiology of common traits.
Coding and noncoding landscape of extracellular RNA released by human glioma stem cells
Authors: Wei Zhiyun , Batagov Arsen O. , Schinelli Sergio , Wang Jintu , Wang Yang , El Fatimy Rachid , Rabinovsky Rosalia , Balaj Leonora , Chen Clark C. , Hochberg Fred , Carter Bob , Breakefield Xandra O. , Krichevsky Anna M.
Published: October 2017

Tumor-released RNA may mediate intercellular communication and serve as biomarkers. Here we develop a protocol enabling quantitative, minimally biased analysis of extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) associated with microvesicles, exosomes (collectively called EVs), and ribonucleoproteins (RNPs). The exRNA complexes isolated from patient-derived glioma stem-like cultures exhibit distinct compositions, with microvesicles most closely reflecting cellular transcriptome. exRNA is enriched in small ncRNAs, such as miRNAs in exosomes, and precisely processed tRNA and Y RNA fragments in EVs and exRNPs. EV-enclosed mRNAs are mostly fragmented, and UTRs enriched; nevertheless, some full-length mRNAs are present. Overall, there is less than one copy of non-rRNA per EV. Our results suggest that massive EV/exRNA uptake would be required to ensure functional impact of transferred RNA on brain recipient cells and predict the most impactful miRNAs in such conditions. This study also provides a catalog of diverse exRNAs useful for biomarker discovery and validates its feasibility on cerebrospinal fluid.
miR-1199-5p and Zeb1 function in a double-negative feedback loop potentially coordinating EMT and tumour metastasis
Authors: Diepenbruck Maren , Tiede Stefanie , Saxena Meera , Ivanek Robert , Kalathur Ravi Kiran Reddy , Lüönd Fabiana , Meyer-Schaller Nathalie , Christofori Gerhard
Published: October 2017

Epithelial tumour cells can gain invasive and metastatic capabilities by undergoing an epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Transcriptional regulators and post-transcriptional effectors like microRNAs orchestrate this process of high cellular plasticity and its malignant consequences. Here, using microRNA sequencing in a time-resolved manner and functional validation, we have identified microRNAs that are critical for the regulation of an epithelial–mesenchymal transition and of mesenchymal tumour cell migration. We report that miR-1199-5p is downregulated in its expression during an epithelial–mesenchymal transition, while its forced expression prevents an epithelial–mesenchymal transition, tumour cell migration and invasion in vitro, and lung metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, miR-1199-5p acts in a reciprocal double-negative feedback loop with the epithelial–mesenchymal transition transcription factor Zeb1. This function resembles the activities of miR-200 family members, guardians of an epithelial cell phenotype. However, miR-1199-5p and miR-200 family members share only six target genes, indicating that, besides regulating Zeb1 expression, they exert distinct functions during an epithelial–mesenchymal transition.
Site-specific identification and quantitation of endogenous SUMO modifications under native conditions
Authors: Lumpkin Ryan J. , Gu Hongbo , Zhu Yiying , Leonard Marilyn , Ahmad Alla S. , Clauser Karl R. , Meyer Jesse G. , Bennett Eric J. , Komives Elizabeth A.
Published: October 2017

Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) modification regulates numerous cellular processes. Unlike ubiquitin, detection of endogenous SUMOylated proteins is limited by the lack of naturally occurring protease sites in the C-terminal tail of SUMO proteins. Proteome-wide detection of SUMOylation sites on target proteins typically requires ectopic expression of mutant SUMOs with introduced tryptic sites. Here, we report a method for proteome-wide, site-level detection of endogenous SUMOylation that uses α-lytic protease, WaLP. WaLP digestion of SUMOylated proteins generates peptides containing SUMO-remnant diglycyl-lysine (KGG) at the site of SUMO modification. Using previously developed immuno-affinity isolation of KGG-containing peptides followed by mass spectrometry, we identified 1209 unique endogenous SUMO modification sites. We also demonstrate the impact of proteasome inhibition on ubiquitin and SUMO-modified proteomes using parallel quantitation of ubiquitylated and SUMOylated peptides. This methodological advancement enables determination of endogenous SUMOylated proteins under completely native conditions.
CaMKII-mediated Beclin 1 phosphorylation regulates autophagy that promotes degradation of Id and neuroblastoma cell differentiation
Authors: Li Xuan , Wu Xiao-Qi , Deng Rong , Li Dan-Dan , Tang Jun , Chen Wen-Dan , Chen Jing-Hong , Ji Jiao , Jiao Lin , Jiang Shan , Yang Fen , Feng Gong-Kan , Senthilkumar Ravichandran , Yue Fei , Zhang Hai-Liang , Wu Rui-Yan , Yu Yan , Xu Xue-Lian , Mai Jia , Li Zhi-Ling , Peng Xiao-Dan , Huang Yun , Huang Xiang , Ma Ning-Fang , Tao Qian , Zeng Yi-Xin , Zhu Xiao-Feng
Published: October 2017

Autophagy is a degradative pathway that delivers cellular components to the lysosome for degradation. The role of autophagy in cell differentiation is poorly understood. Here we show that CaMKII can directly phosphorylate Beclin 1 at Ser90 to promote K63-linked ubiquitination of Beclin 1 and activation of autophagy. Meanwhile, CaMKII can also promote K63-linked ubiquitination of inhibitor of differentiation 1/2 (Id-1/2) by catalyzing phosphorylation of Id proteins and recruiting TRAF-6. Ubiquitinated Id-1/Id-2 can then bind to p62 and be transported to autolysosomes for degradation. Id degradation promotes the differentiation of neuroblastoma cells and reduces the proportion of stem-like cells. Our study proposes a mechanism by which autophagic degradation of Id proteins can regulate cell differentiation. This suggests that targeting of CaMKII and the regulation of autophagic degradation of Id may be an effective therapeutic strategy to induce cell differentiation in neuroblastoma.
Coupled circumferential and axial tension driven by actin and myosin influences in vivo axon diameter
Authors: Fan Anthony , Tofangchi Alireza , Kandel Mikhail , Popescu Gabriel , Saif Taher
Published: October 2017

It has long been known that neuronal axons are contractile. They actively maintain rest tension along the longitudinal direction both in vitro and in vivo. Here we show evidence that embryonic drosophila axons also actively maintain contractility/tension along the circumferential direction. We used confocal microscopy and spatial light interference microscopy to monitor axonal diameter along their length. We observed a decrease in diameter when microtubules are disrupted and an increase in diameter when actin filaments or myosin II are disrupted. Interestingly, active diameter reduction occurred consistently when axons were subjected to manipulations known to increase axial tension, suggesting that tension can be coupled in the axial and circumferential direction. This is further supported by the remarkably similar time constants for diameter reduction and rest tension increase of slackened axons. We infer that the actomyosin-driven circumferential contraction/hoop tension applies a squeezing force on the microtubule bundle of the axons. This hoop tension is balanced by the restoring force of the microtubule bundle. Therefore, axonal diameter increased when actin/myosin disrupting drugs relaxed the hoop tension and decreased when microtubule disrupting drug relaxed the restoring force. Circumferential tension thus can regulate axonal diameter and volume, as well as potentially microtubules alignment, inter-tubular spacing, and, by extension, axonal transport.
Ants’ navigation in an unfamiliar environment is influenced by their experience of a familiar route
Authors: Schwarz Sebastian , Wystrach Antoine , Cheng Ken
Published: October 2017

When displaced experimentally from a food source (feeder) to unfamiliar terrain, ants run off a portion of the homeward vector or its entirety, depending on species and conditions, and then search systematically, turning in loops of ever increasing size. The Australian desert ant Melophorus bagoti runs off a smaller portion of its vector if the test site is more dissimilar to its nest area. Here we manipulated familiarity with the training route between a feeder and the ants’ nest to examine its effects when the ants were displaced to a distant site from the feeder. Naïve ants that arrived at an experimentally provided feeder for the first time were compared with experienced ants that had travelled the route for two days. At the unfamiliar test site, naïve ants ran off a longer portion of their vector from path integration than did experienced ants. Naïve ants also spread out in their systematic search slower than did experienced ants. We conclude that as ants learn the views encountered on their familiar route better, they identify more readily unfamiliar views. A scene distant from their nest area may not look as unfamiliar to a naïve ant as it does to an experienced ant.
Experiments On Sublimating Carbon Dioxide Ice And Implications For Contemporary Surface Processes On Mars
Authors: Mc Keown L. E. , Bourke M. C. , McElwaine J. N.
Published: October 2017

Carbon dioxide is Mars’ primary atmospheric constituent and is an active driver of Martian surface evolution. CO2ice sublimation mechanisms have been proposed for a host of features that form in the contemporary Martian climate. However, there has been very little experimental work or quantitative modelling to test the validity of these hypotheses. Here we present the results of the first laboratory experiments undertaken to investigate if the interaction between sublimating CO2ice blocks and a warm, porous, mobile regolith can generate features similar in morphology to those forming on Martian dunes today. We find that CO2sublimation can mobilise grains to form (i) pits and (ii) furrows. We have documented new detached pits at the termini of linear gullies on Martian dunes. Based on their geomorphic similarity to the features observed in our laboratory experiments, and on scaling arguments, we propose a new hypothesis that detached pits are formed by the impact of granular jets generated by sublimating CO2. We also study the erosion patterns formed underneath a sublimating block of CO2ice and demonstrate that these resemble furrow patterns on Mars, suggesting similar formation mechanisms.
Higher body mass index is associated with an increased risk of multiplicity in surveillance colonoscopy within 5 years
Authors: Tae Chung Hyun , Moon Chang Mo , Jung Sung-Ae , Eun Chang Soo , Park Jae Jun , Seo Geom Seog , Cha Jae Myung , Park Sung Chul , Chun Jaeyoung , Lee Hyun Jung , Jung Yunho , Kim Jin Oh , Joo Young-Eun , Boo Sun-Jin , Il Park Dong
Published: October 2017

We aimed to evaluate whether obesity was associated with a certain clinicopathologic characteristics of metachronous CRA. This retrospective longitudinal cohort study included 2,904 subjects who had at least one resected CRA at index colonoscopy and who subsequently underwent one or more surveillance colonoscopies within 5 years. Of the 2,904 subjects, 60.9% (n = 1,769) were normal, 35.8% (n = 1,040) were overweight, and 3.3% (n = 95) were obese. Patients with any metachronous CRA were 53.7% (n = 1,559). In multivariate analyses, higher BMI at index colonoscopy was significantly associated with any metachronous CRA (overweight, OR = 1.07; obese, OR = 1.82; p for trend = 0.049). Regarding the multiplicity, the ORs of ≥ 3, ≥ 4 and ≥ 5 metachronous CRAs significantly increased as index BMI increased (p for trend < 0.001, = 0.007 and = 0.004, respectively). In negative binomial regression regarding the incidence for total number of metachronous CRA, the higher BMI the subject has at the time of index colonoscopy, the more metachronous CRAs the subject will have at the surveillance colonoscopy (p for trend = 0.016). Higher index BMI was significantly associated with the risk of multiple metachronous CRAs on surveillance colonoscopy within 5 years.
Enhanced conversion efficiency in Si solar cells employing photoluminescent down-shifting CdSe/CdS core/shell quantum dots
Authors: Lopez-Delgado R. , Zhou Y. , Zazueta-Raynaud A. , Zhao H. , Pelayo J. E. , Vomiero A. , Álvarez-Ramos M. E. , Rosei F. , Ayon A.
Published: October 2017

Silicon solar cells have captured a large portion of the total market of photovoltaic devices mostly due to their relatively high efficiency. However, Silicon exhibits limitations in ultraviolet absorption because high-energy photons are absorbed at the surface of the solar cell, in the heavily doped region, and the photo-generated electron-hole pairs need to diffuse into the junction region, resulting in significant carrier recombination. One of the alternatives to improve the absorption range involves the use of down-shifting nano-structures able to interact with the aforementioned high energy photons. Here, as a proof of concept, we use downshifting CdSe/CdS quantum dots to improve the performance of a silicon solar cell. The incorporation of these nanostructures triggered improvements in the short circuit current density (Jsc, from 32.5 to 37.0 mA/cm2). This improvement led to a ∼13% increase in the power conversion efficiency (PCE), from 12.0 to 13.5%. Our results demonstrate that the application of down-shifting materials is a viable strategy to improve the efficiency of Silicon solar cells with mass-compatible techniques that could serve to promote their widespread utilization.