bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The banlieue in French cinema of the 1930s
Authors: Reader Keith
Published: October 2014

This article looks at representations of the banlieue in the cinema of the 1930s – a period before the term banlieue was synonymous with deprivation and violence as, especially since Matthieu Kassowitz’s 1995 film La Haine, it has subsequently tended to become. The work of Claude Autant-Lara and Maurice Lehmann ( Fric-Frac, Circonstances atténuantes) and that of Anatole Litvak ( Cœur de Lilas) receive close attention along with two more widely known films, Marcel Carné’s tragic Le Jour se lève, whose banlieue is topographically unsituated but could well be Parisian, and Jean Renoir’s Partie de campagne where the countryside near Paris provides the setting for two bucolic idylls that offer a different, less grim view of the banlieue than that nowadays current.
Characteristics of pleural effusions in systemic lupus erythematosus: differential diagnosis of lupus pleuritis
Authors: Choi B Y , Yoon M J , Shin K , Lee Y J , Song Y W
Published: October 2014

We investigated the clinical characteristics of pleural effusion in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A prospective analysis of 17 SLE patients with pleural effusion (seven lupus pleuritis, eight transudative effusions and two parapneumonic effusions) was performed. Thirty non-SLE patients with pleural effusion were recruited as controls. A pleural fluid ANA titer ≥1:160 was found in 8/17 (47.1%) SLE patients and none of the 30 non-SLE patients ( p = 0.0001). Pleural fluid to serum C3 ratios were significantly lower in SLE than in non-SLE (median (minimum–maximum) 0.29 (0.03–0.43) versus 0.52 (0.26–0.73), p = 0.0002). Among SLE patients, pleural fluid ANA titers ≥1:160 were more frequently found in patients with lupus pleuritis than in those with pleural effusion from causes other than lupus itself (85.7% versus 20.0%, p = 0.0152). Serum CRP levels were significantly increased in patients with lupus pleuritis compared with SLE patients with transudative pleural effusion (2.30 (0.30–5.66) versus 0.7 (0.12–1.47) mg/dl, p = 0.0062). In conclusion, pleural fluid ANA titer and serum CRP levels are significantly increased in lupus pleuritis.
Characterization of damage in Portuguese lupus patients: analysis of a national lupus registry
Authors: Gonçalves M J , Sousa S , Inês L S , Duarte C , Borges J , Silva C , Romão V C , Terroso G , Bernardes M , Cerqueira M , Raposo A , Sequeira G , Barcelos A , Macieira C , Canas da Silva J , Costa L , Pereira da Silva J A , Cunha-Miranda L , Da Silva J A P , Canhão H , Santos M J
Published: October 2014

Background: Although the survival rate has considerably improved, many patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) develop irreversible organ damage. Objectives: The objectives of this paper are to characterize cumulative damage in SLE patients and identify variables associated with its presence and severity. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of SLE patients from the Portuguese Lupus register Reuma.pt/SLE in whom damage assessment using the SLICC/ACR-Disability Index (SDI) was available was performed. Predictor factors for damage, defined as SDI ≥ 1, were determined by logistic regression analyses. A sub-analysis of patients with severe damage (SDI ≥ 3) was also performed. Results: In total, 976 patients were included. SDI was ≥1 in 365 patients, of whom 89 had severe damage. Musculoskeletal (24.4%), neuropsychiatric (24.1%) and ocular (17.2%) domains were the most commonly affected. Older age, longer disease duration, renal involvement, presence of antiphospholipid antibodies and current therapy with steroids were independently associated with SDI ≥ 1. The subpopulation with severe damage had, in addition, a greater interval between the first manifestation attributable to SLE and the clinical diagnosis as well as and more frequently early retirement due to SLE. Conclusions: This large lupus cohort confirmed that demographic and clinical characteristics as well as medication are independently associated with damage. Additionally, premature retirement occurs more often in patients with SDI ≥ 3. Diagnosis delay might contribute to damage accrual.
Self-Control and Grit
Authors: Duckworth Angela , Gross James J.
Published: October 2014

Other than talent and opportunity, what makes some people more successful than others? One important determinant of success is self-control—the capacity to regulate attention, emotion, and behavior in the presence of temptation. A second important determinant of success is grit—the tenacious pursuit of a dominant superordinate goal despite setbacks. Self-control and grit are strongly correlated, but not perfectly so. This means that some people with high levels of self-control capably handle temptations but do not consistently pursue a dominant goal. Likewise, some exceptional achievers are prodigiously gritty but succumb to temptations in domains other than their chosen life passion. Understanding how goals are hierarchically organized clarifies how self-control and grit are related but distinct: Self-control entails aligning actions with any valued goal despite momentarily more-alluring alternatives; grit, in contrast, entails having and working assiduously toward a single challenging superordinate goal through thick and thin, on a timescale of years or even decades. Although both self-control and grit entail aligning actions with intentions, they operate in different ways and over different timescales. This hierarchical goal framework suggests novel directions for basic and applied research on success.
Team Coordination and Dynamics
Authors: Gorman Jamie C.
Published: October 2014

When people coordinate as a team, they accomplish more than they would working alone. These team-coordination effects give new meaning to Aristotle’s famous phrase, “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.” In this article, I consider two central issues confronting team-coordination research: Do the causes of team coordination reside within individual minds or between them, and at what levels of analysis (e.g., physiological, cognitive) do team-coordination effects occur? These issues are viewed in light of specific lines of coordination research, and some features of a general theory of team coordination are offered.
Relational interactions preserving dignity experience
Authors: Tranvåg Oscar , Petersen Karin Anna , Nåden Dagfinn
Published: October 2014

Background:

Dignity experience in the daily lives of people living with dementia is influenced by their relational interactions with others. However, literature reviews show that knowledge concerning crucial interactional qualities, preserving their sense of dignity, is limited.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to explore and describe crucial qualities of relational interactions preserving dignity experience among people with dementia, while interacting with family, social network, and healthcare professionals.

Methodology:

The study was founded upon Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics, and an exploratory design employing qualitative research interviews was conducted.

Participants and research context:

A total of 11 individuals diagnosed with mild to moderate dementia, living in their own homes, were recruited from two Hospital Memory Clinics in Norway.

Ethical considerations:

In recruiting persons with dementia as study participants, sensitivity toward their life history, autonomy, integrity, relationships, and dignity is essential. These standards, and the ethical principles of moral sensitivity to their vulnerability, doing no harm, showing justice, and respecting their personal utility, guided our research.

Results:

Three main interactional qualities preserving the participants’ dignity experience were found: Experiencing love and confirmation; experiencing social inclusion and fellowship; experiencing humane warmth and understanding within a caring culture, while being met as an equal human being. A total of 10 sub-qualities were identified within these 3 main qualities.

Discussion and final considerations:

Dignity experience among the participants was preserved when certain interactional qualities were present in their interactions with family, social network, and healthcare professionals. While supporting some of the findings of previous studies, this study adds new knowledge on the subject. Knowledge of relational interactions toward preserving dignity experience should be a fundamental part of future dementia care practice. Based on the results of this study, an empirical–theoretical model was developed for this purpose.
Accounting and the Papal States: The influence of the Pro commissa Bull (1592) on the rise of an early modern state
Authors: Gatti Marco , Poli Simone
Published: October 2014

The aim of this article is to explore the role played by accounting in the building of the early modern Papal States. In particular, the study shows how the control and accountability system set up by the Pro commissa Bull (15 August 1592) allowed the Pope to concentrate and centralize political power, fostering the shift of the Papal States towards the configuration of an absolute state which can be considered the first major institutional embodiment of the modern state in the early modern period. Besides contributing to the literature on accounting and state building, this research also provides insights into the role of accounting in religious institutions. The analysis, in fact, is carried out in one of the most important religious institutions in history. Moreover, the fact that the Pope was both the political and the religious head of the Papal States allows the inference that this peculiar “dual role” could have affected the setting up of the abovementioned control and accountability system.
Perspectives on the Mental Health Act 2014 (Vic)
Authors: Cross Hannah , Rauchberger Ilan , Kulkarni Jayashri
Published: October 2014

Objective:

This article will consider the potential impact of Victoria’s new Mental Health Act 2014 (Vic) from the perspectives of consumers, careers and members of the treating team. This article will examine how some of the more drastic legal reforms will impact clinical processes, procedures and decision making.

Conclusions:

The new Act takes significant steps towards empowering consumers. However, its practical application will take some time to appraise. Only time will reveal how the Mental Health Tribunal handles its newfound powers, whether consumers will benefit from a more collaborative approach to clinical decision making and ultimately whether the Act will empower consumers.
Identifying Patients in the Acute Psychiatric Hospital Who May Benefit From a Palliative Care Approach
Authors: Burton M. Caroline , Warren Mark , Cha Stephen S. , Stevens Maria , Blommer Megan , Kung Simon , Lapid Maria I.
Published: October 2014

Identifying patients who will benefit from a palliative care approach is the first critical step in integrating palliative with curative therapy. Criteria are established that identify hospitalized medical patients who are near end of life, yet there are no criteria with respect to hospitalized patients with psychiatric disorders. The records of 276 consecutive patients admitted to a dedicated inpatient psychiatric unit were reviewed to identify prognostic criteria predictive of mortality. Mortality predictors were 2 or more admissions in the past year ( P = .0114) and older age ( P = .0006). Twenty-two percent of patients met National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization noncancer criteria for dementia. Palliative care intervention should be considered when treating inpatients with psychiatric disorders, especially older patients who have a previous hospitalization or history of dementia.
Comparison of various linear plate theories in the light of a consistent second-order approximation
Authors: Schneider Patrick , Kienzler Reinhold
Published: October 2014

The uniform-approximation technique in combination with the pseudo-reduction technique is applied in order to derive consistent theories for isotropic and anisotropic plates. The approach has already been used to assess and validate theories established in the literature, e.g., the theories of Reissner and Zhilin. In this contribution, we also present a comparison with the theories of Vekua, Ambartsumyan, Steigmann and Reddy’s third-order theory. The current paper is a corrected and extended version of the one originally published in Kienzler and Schneider (Comparison of various linear plate theories in the light of a consistent second-order approximation. In Pietraszkiewicz, W and Górski, J (eds), Shell Structures: Theory and Applications. London: Taylor & Francis Group, 2014, pp. 109–112). In addition we put special emphasis on the derivation and validation of Ambartsumyan’s general and simplified theories.
‘Am I damaging my own family?’: Relational changes between foster carers and their birth children
Authors: Thompson Hayley , McPherson Susan , Marsland Louise
Published: October 2014

Foster placements are more likely to break down where the foster carers already have birth children. Studies that explore the impact of fostering on foster carers and their birth children have suggested that relational changes occur, but these changes have not been examined in depth. This study aimed to explore the impact of fostering on parent–child relationships within foster families. Nine foster carers (including three couples) were interviewed separately, and the data were analysed using constructivist grounded theory methods. Analysis indicated that birth children may attribute particular importance to their position in the family (e.g. oldest child, youngest child) and that this is a key element of the way in which they relate to their parents. Emotional security and parent–child relationships can therefore be strained by a foster placement not taking this into account. Foster children also introduce significant competition for parental resources, putting a strain on relationships. Foster carers seem to prioritise, consciously or not, the preservation of relationships within the biological family. Reflecting on relationships and making changes to maximise potential improvements in relationships can lead to positive outcomes, and this can have an impact on whether families continue fostering or not.
Tanning and beauty: Mother and teenage daughters in discussion
Authors: Hay Jennifer L , Geller Alan C , Schoenhammer Maria , Gordon Mallorie , Bishop Marilyn , Shuk Elyse , Oliveria Susan , Halpern Allan C
Published: October 2014

Tanning increases dramatically through the teenage years, but the family context of this health risk behavior is relatively unstudied. We conducted videotaped conversations between teenage girls (10th and 11th grade) and their mothers. We developed a coding system for discussion content and highlight findings including inadequate knowledge concerning the harms of tanning and positive views of outdoor tanning over indoor tanning, yet agreement that all tans are attractive. Many teens believed that indoor tanning is sometimes necessary to achieve the tanned look. These findings can usefully guide intervention development regarding the harms of all tanning, rather than indoor or outdoor tanning specifically.
The common sense of dependence on smartphone: A comparison between digital natives and digital immigrants
Authors: Ahn Juyeon , Jung Yoonhyuk
Published: October 2014

Recently, mass media and researchers have begun to be concerned about excessive dependence on smartphones. Their interest, however, has largely focused on description of the phenomenon (i.e. severity of the addiction, current status of the addiction) or the development of measurement scales to assess the addiction. In this study, we ask a fundamental question about smartphone addiction: what users’ common sense of dependence on smartphones is. More specifically, employing a core–periphery analysis of social representations, this article explores how the younger generation has a different understanding of this addiction from the older generation. Findings of the study can provide a rich knowledge about users’ perceptions of and attitude toward smartphone addiction.
Euroscepticism in the Berlusconi and Murdoch press
Authors: Rowinski Paul
Published: October 2014

A comparative analysis of Euroscepticism explores what it means in two nations and what is then articulated in specific newspapers. The theoretical terrain, Italy’s and Britain’s post-war relationships with the European Union, the countries’ media structures and the specific context of Il Giornale (owned by Silvio Berlusconi’s family) in Italy and The Times in the United Kingdom (owned by Rupert Murdoch) are mapped out. Some 21 interviews were conducted with relevant journalists and politicians (including reporters covering Europe for the aforementioned) offering further context. A critical discourse analysis of news stories and commentaries then spans the last decade. Although there is some Euroscepticism in Il Giornale, it has historically been localised, yet now seems to be growing in intensity. In The Times, however, the Euroscepticism conveyed is more pervasive and deeper. Its fact-based news can actually be very persuasive – ironically more akin to the commentary-laden news of Il Giornale – as the debate looms ahead of the planned 2017 UK referendum on European Union membership.
Forging Bonds and Burning Bridges
Authors: Suhay Elizabeth , Blackwell Allyson , Roche Cameron , Bruggeman Lucien
Published: October 2014

Putnam warned over a decade ago that the urge to associate with similar others online may lead to “cyberbalkanization,” fostering bonding capital at the expense of bridging capital. This study examines balkanization with respect to political blogs, investigating to what extent opinions in posts and comment sections on blogs associated with the left and right are ideologically polarized. We also investigate whether extreme opinions tend to co-occur with uncivil discourse aimed at political opponents. Finally, this study compares political blogs with a newer information source that bridges the gap between old and new media—newspaper blogs—asking whether polarization and incivility are reduced on that platform. A content analysis was conducted of blog discussions about a salient political event—Occupy Wall Street. In both posts and comments, political blogs were highly polarized and opinion extremity and incivility were correlated. However, content on newspaper blogs was largely unpolarized and civil.
Transfer of the Fifth Finger to Replace an Amputated Thumb
Authors: Ince Bilsev , Gundeslioglu Ayse Ozlem , Cicekcibasi Aynur Emine , Dadaci Mehmet , Inan Irfan , Buyukmumcu Mustafa
Published: October 2014

Amputation of the thumb causes not only loss of significant functional use of the hand but also psychological and social problems. The procedures of toe-to-thumb transfer, pollicization, or metacarpal extension are recognized and well-documented options in thumb reconstruction. Although these techniques have been successfully applied, they have some disadvantages. This study aims to test the feasibility of the fifth finger for thumb reconstruction. The fifth finger was released following exploration of the digital artery, vein, nerve, and flexor and extensor tendons, including the flexor retinaculum. The digital vein and the extensor tendon of the fifth finger were separated at the level of the metacarpophalangeal joint. The proximal phalanx of the fifth finger was cut smoothly at the level of the metacarpophalangeal joint with a saw. The deep flexor tendons, digital arteries, and nerves were preserved. The proximal phalanx of the released fifth finger was fixed to the first metacarpal bone. The digital vein of the first finger was anastomosed to the digital vein of the fifth finger by microsurgery. Angiography was done after the transfer. Exploration till the flexor retinaculum enabled thumb transfer without any restriction of movement in all 10 cadaver fingers. The average total surgical time was 135 ± 12 minutes. Flow from both radial and ulnar arteries was demonstrated in the transferred fifth finger by angiography. The technique appears to be feasible for thumb reconstruction by preserving digital arteries and nerves in a relatively short time, but further important aspects have to be assessed in further clinical studies.
“No One Cares, Apostolate”
Authors: Thompson Kathryn
Published: October 2014

This piece examines the relationship between cheating, play, and work on the social news site Reddit.com. Using cheating as a point of rupture that reveals explicit and implicit game rules as well as ideological parameters of the game itself, I explore the humorous community backlash to the perceived “social cheating” of a prolific user (Apostolate). The backlash seemed to indicate that Apostolate was working excessively at the supposed “play” of Reddit, yet individual users put significant work into creating their playful chastisements, complicating a widespread community understanding of Reddit as “not work.” Thus, I argue that just as cheating cannot be considered the “other” of play, neither can work be considered the other of Reddit. Both are points of rupture which reveal the underlying mechanisms of the systems they are purported to “ruin.”
Hitting Walls (v. XXVIII)
Authors: Wing Carlin
Published: October 2014

This article uses a thick description of a single point played by Ramy Ashour (Egypt) and James Wilstrop (England) during the finals of a professional squash tournament in 2008 to evoke the rhythms of virtuosic play and to describe the vast infrastructures we construct for its capture. I use the limits of the point to describe its preconditions—the body techniques, material technologies, and mediating architectures required for two professional players to have this single exchange. A sport’s apparatus is the condition of possibility for its agile bodies. And while professional sport may seem quite distant from free or casual play, by understanding the labor that goes into producing spectacles of institutionalized play, we can gain better purchase on the multiple types of value that reside in, and are extracted from, our daily playing practices. When combined, economic and emotional stakes direct forms of play toward their physical, psychological, and spectacular limits.
Minimal important changes and differences in elective hand surgery
Authors: Rodrigues J. N. , Mabvuure N. T. , Nikkhah D. , Shariff Z. , Davis T. R. C.
Published: October 2014

Minimal important changes and differences describe the smallest changes and differences between individuals that are relevant to patients following treatment. Minimal important differences may vary between conditions, treatments and lengths of follow-up, and can be calculated in different ways. Minimal important differences for elective hand surgery were reviewed. A total of 99 minimal important differences were identified in 29 articles. The conditions, treatments, outcome measures used and follow-up periods are discussed. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand had the most estimates of minimal important differences, but these varied. The methods used in the included studies were reviewed and appraised. Most minimal important differences were calculated using retrospective anchors. Future research directions in this area are suggested.

Level of evidence: II
A Functionalist Manifesto: Goal-Related Emotions From an Evolutionary Perspective
Authors: Lench Heather C. , Bench Shane W. , Darbor Kathleen E. , Moore Melody
Published: October 2014

Functional theories posit that emotions are elicited by particular goal-related situations that represented adaptive problems and that emotions are evolved features of coordinated responses to those situations. Yet little theory or research has addressed the evolutionary aspects of these theories. We apply five criteria that can be used to judge whether features are adaptations. There is evidence that sadness, anger, and anxiety relate to unique changes in physiology, cognition, and behavior, those changes are correlated, situations that give rise to emotions are consistent, and emotions are complex. To date, there is little experimental evidence regarding whether discrete emotions resolve adaptive problems and do so relatively efficiently. Evidence supporting all criteria is required to claim that discrete emotions are evolved features.
Social capital and health: implication for health promotion by lay citizens in Japan
Authors: Miyamoto Keiko , Iwakuma Miho , Nakayama Takeo
Published: October 2014

A non-profit organization was formed in 2009 by lay citizens of Nagahama, Japan in response to a community-based genome-epidemiologic study, the ‘Nagahama Zero(0)-ji Prevention Cohort Project (N0PCP)’. This organization aims to promote health by taking advantage of citizens’ social networks. The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion affirms the importance of creating supportive environments and coordinating social relationships. Supportive environments (infrastructure) and social relationships (resources) work together as aspects of social capital. This study sought to examine the association between self-rated health and social capital, at both individual and neighborhood levels, and to discuss suitable health promotion strategies for local circumstances.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2011, using a self-administered postal questionnaire. Social capital indicators included aspects of support in the environment (social support, neighborhood connectedness, informal social controls, neighborhood trust, general trust, and attachment to place) and social relationships (number of activities; participation in neighborhood activities; participation in recreational activities; and social leverage regarding physical health, mental health, and acquisition of health information). Neighborhood-level social capital was calculated as the percentage of individuals in a neighborhood in the ‘high social capital’ category. At the individual level, participation in recreational activities, high general trust, and discussion regarding mental health problems with family members were associated with self-rated health positively, whereas discussion of mental health problems with acquaintances had a negative correlation. At the neighborhood level, a highly supportive environment did not contribute to good health, whereas aggregated attachment to place had a positive correlation. There were no significant inter-regional health differences.

The results of this study suggest that health promotion activities should aim at promoting the formation of empathetic friendships through individual networks, based on bringing individuals who need support to compatible places. Attachment to place should be incorporated into activities as an important and effective tool.
Changing the Tide
Authors: Snyder Marsha
Published: October 2014

Schools are in a key position not only to identify mental health concerns early but to address issues of stigma that prevent both children and their parents from seeking help with mental illness. Stigma associated with mental illness perpetuates isolative behavior and poor engagement within the academic community. Programs within schools that address mental health issues and support open communication with families can reduce the pain and isolation that is often the experience of youth with undiagnosed and untreated mental and emotional disorders.
Absent Pulmonary Valve
Authors: Kariyappa Mallesh , Agrawal Navin , Srinivas B. C. , Ravindranath K. S. , Manjunath C. N.
Published: October 2014

Congenital absence of the pulmonary valve is a rare congenital cardiac malformation, usually seen in association with tetralogy of Fallot. Patients generally present early in life with respiratory distress or recurrent respiratory tract infections, failure to thrive, cyanosis, infective endocarditis, or heart failure. Isolated absent pulmonary valve is quite rare and may be discovered in older age-group as in our patient, a nine-year-old male child who presented with atypical symptoms of exertional chest pain. Unusual echocardiographic features in this case include intact ventricular septum and prominent trabeculations of the right ventricle. Surgical implantation of a bioprosthetic valve was followed by hemodynamic and symptomatic improvement.
Acquired von Willebrand Syndrome in a Child Following Berlin Heart EXCOR Pediatric Ventricular Assist Device Implantation
Authors: Costello John P. , Diab Yaser A. , Philippe-Auguste Michael , Jones Melissa B. , Shankar Venkat , Friedman Kenneth D. , Nath Dilip S.
Published: October 2014

The development of acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS) after placement of a pulsatile-flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is rare and only recently recognized. We report the case of a young infant who was diagnosed with ventricular assist device (VAD)-related AVWS following implantation of a Berlin Heart EXCOR Pediatric Ventricular Assist Device (Berlin Heart Inc., The Woodlands, Texas, USA) for treatment of severe heart failure. Despite significant bleeding, the patient was successfully managed with von Willebrand factor-containing concentrate until VAD explantation led to definitive resolution of the AVWS. This case demonstrates that the possibility of this diagnosis should be considered in pediatric patients when extensive, nonsurgical bleeding is encountered after pulsatile-flow VAD implantation.
Muscular Ventricular Septal Defect in a Newborn With Truncus Arteriosus Communis
Authors: Elhmidi Yacine , Hoerer Juergen , Lange Rüdiger , Schreiber Christian
Published: October 2014

We report a case of a 3.5-kg newborn presenting with a muscular ventricular septal defect (VSD) in the setting of truncus arteriosus communis (common arterial trunk). Reparative surgery using a hybrid approach included perventricular closure of the muscular VSD on the beating heart.
Hybrid Repair of a Ruptured Right-Sided Aortic Arch With an Aberrant Left Subclavian Artery Arising From a Diverticulum of Kommerell
Authors: Mavroudis Constantine D. , Copelan Alexander , Sokhandon Farnoosh , Altshuler Jeffrey
Published: October 2014

Right-sided aortic arch with an aberrant left subclavian artery is a rare aortic arch anomaly. Although usually asymptomatic, aneurysm formation, dissection, and rupture can occur due to the aberrant vasculature and can be life-threatening. Hybrid, endovascular techniques have been implemented in instances of elective repair of aneurysmal diverticula of Kommerell in similar anatomical settings, but little has been written regarding urgent cases of rupture. We report a case of ruptured right-sided aortic arch with an aberrant left subclavian artery arising from a diverticulum of Kommerell successfully treated with hybrid aortic debranching and thoracic endovascular aortic stenting.
Anomalous Aortic Origin of the Left Coronary Artery
Authors: Law Whitney , DiBardino Daniel J. , Raviendren Raveen , Devaney Eric , Davis Christopher
Published: October 2014

A ten-year-old female was admitted with syncope and a myocardial infarction, was resuscitated, and was diagnosed with anomalous left coronary artery from right aortic sinus. After initial stabilization, she was on bed rest in the intensive care unit awaiting surgery and experienced sudden arrest and could not be resuscitated, resulting in death.
Inhibiting CARD11 translation during BCR activation by targeting the eIF4A RNA helicase
Authors: Steinhardt James J. , Peroutka Raymond J. , Mazan-Mamczarz Krystyna , Chen Qing , Houng Simone , Robles Carol , Barth Rolf N. , DuBose Joseph , Bruns Brandon , Tesoriero Ronald , Stein Deborah , Fang Raymond , Hanna Nader , Pasley Jason , Rodriguez Carlos , Kligman Mark D. , Bradley Matthew , Rabin Joseph , Shackelford Stacy , Dai Bojie , Landon Ari L. , Scalea Thomas , Livak Ferenc , Gartenhaus Ronald B.
Published: October 2014

Key Points

BCR activation enhances eIF4A m7GTP cap-binding. The 5′UTR of CARD11 suppresses protein translation.
Management and clinical outcomes in patients treated with apixaban vs warfarin undergoing procedures
Authors: Garcia David , Alexander John H. , Wallentin Lars , Wojdyla Daniel M. , Thomas Laine , Hanna Michael , Al-Khatib Sana M. , Dorian Paul , Ansell Jack , Commerford Patrick , Flaker Greg , Lanas Fernando , Vinereanu Dragos , Xavier Denis , Hylek Elaine M. , Held Claes , Verheugt Freek W. A. , Granger Christopher B. , Lopes Renato D.
Published: October 2014

Key Points

Short-term preprocedure interruptions of either apixaban or warfarin are associated with a low rate of stroke or systemic embolism. Some patients taking apixaban or warfarin are able to undergo procedures safely without a preprocedure interruption of anticoagulation.
Schur-geometric convexity of the generalized Gini-Heronian means involving three parameters
Authors: Deng Yong-Ping , Chu Yu-Ming , Wu Shan-He , Debnath Lokenath , He Deng
Published: October 2014

In this paper, we give a unified generalization of the Gini means and Heronian means. The Schur-geometric convexity of the generalized Gini-Heronian means are investigated. Our result generalizes an earlier result given by Shi et al. (J. Inequal. Appl. 2008:879273, 2008). At the end of the paper, two new inequalities related to the generalized Gini-Heronian means are established to illustrate the applicability of the given result.

MSC:26D15, 26E60, 26A51.
Multi-step iterative algorithms with regularization for triple hierarchical variational inequalities with constraints of mixed equilibria, variational inclusions, and convex minimization
Authors: Ceng Lu-Chuan , Wen Ching-Feng , Liou Cheng
Published: October 2014

In this paper, we introduce and analyze a relaxed iterative algorithm by virtue of Korpelevich’s extragradient method, the viscosity approximation method, the hybrid steepest-descent method, the regularization method, and the averaged mapping approach to the gradient-projection algorithm. It is proven that under appropriate assumptions, the proposed algorithm converges strongly to a common element of the fixed point set of infinitely many nonexpansive mappings, the solution set of finitely many generalized mixed equilibrium problems (GMEPs), the solution set of finitely many variational inclusions and the set of minimizers of convex minimization problem (CMP), which is just a unique solution of a triple hierarchical variational inequality (THVI) in a real Hilbert space. In addition, we also consider the application of the proposed algorithm to solving a hierarchical fixed point problem with constraints of finitely many GMEPs, finitely many variational inclusions, and CMP. The results obtained in this paper improve and extend the corresponding results announced by many others.

MSC:49J30, 47H09, 47J20, 49M05.
Year in review 2013: Critical Care- nephrology
Authors: Ricci Zaccaria , Di Nardo Matteo , Ronco Claudio
Published: October 2014

We review original research in the field of critical care nephrology accepted or published in 2013 in Critical Care and, when considered relevant or linked to these studies, in other journals. Three main topics have been identified and are discussed for a rapid overview: acute kidney injury (diagnosis, risk factors and outcome); timing and modality of renal replacement therapy; and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and renal dysfunction.
Circulating cytokines in predicting development of severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Rotstein Ori D
Published: October 2014

Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease process which may present with clinical manifestations ranging from benign self-limited disease to overwhelming sepsis. The ability to predict outcome would be helpful in developing treatment plans, and possibly in stratifying patients for clinical trials.
Genome-wide profiling of mouse RNA secondary structures reveals key features of the mammalian transcriptome
Authors: Incarnato Danny , Neri Francesco , Anselmi Francesca , Oliviero Salvatore
Published: October 2014

Background

The understanding of RNA structure is a key feature toward the comprehension of RNA functions and mechanisms of action. In particular, non-coding RNAs are thought to exert their functions by specific secondary structures, but an efficient annotation on a large scale of these structures is still missing.

Results

By using a novel high-throughput method, named chemical inference of RNA structures, CIRS-seq, that uses dimethyl sulfate, and N-cyclohexyl- N'-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide metho-p-toluenesulfonate to modify RNA residues in single-stranded conformation within native deproteinized RNA secondary structures, we investigate the structural features of mouse embryonic stem cell transcripts. Our analysis reveals an unexpected higher structuring of the 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions compared to the coding regions, a reduced structuring at the Kozak sequence and stop codon, and a three-nucleotide periodicity across the coding region of messenger RNAs. We also observe that ncRNAs exhibit a higher degree of structuring with respect to protein coding transcripts. Moreover, we find that the Lin28a binding protein binds selectively to RNA motifs with a strong preference toward a single stranded conformation.

Conclusions

This work defines for the first time the complete RNA structurome of mouse embryonic stem cells, revealing an extremely distinct RNA structural landscape. These results demonstrate that CIRS-seq constitutes an important tool for the identification of native deproteinized RNA structures.
Transcriptomic analysis reveals tomato genes whose expression is induced specifically during effector-triggered immunity and identifies the Epk1 protein kinase which is required for the host response to three bacterial effector proteins
Authors: Pombo Marina A , Zheng Yi , Fernandez-Pozo Noe , Dunham Diane M , Fei Zhangjun , Martin Gregory B
Published: October 2014

Background

Plants have two related immune systems to defend themselves against pathogen attack. Initially, pattern-triggered immunity is activated upon recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns by pattern recognition receptors. Pathogenic bacteria deliver effector proteins into the plant cell that interfere with this immune response and promote disease. However, some plants express resistance proteins that detect the presence of specific effectors leading to a robust defense response referred to as effector-triggered immunity. The interaction of tomato with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato is an established model system for understanding the molecular basis of these plant immune responses.

Results

We apply high-throughput RNA sequencing to this pathosystem to identify genes whose expression changes specifically during pattern-triggered or effector-triggered immunity. We then develop reporter genes for each of these responses that will enable characterization of the host response to the large collection of P. s. pv. tomato strains that express different combinations of effectors. Virus-induced gene silencing of 30 of the effector-triggered immunity-specific genes identifies Epk1 which encodes a predicted protein kinase from a family previously unknown to be involved in immunity. Knocked-down expression of Epk1 compromises effector-triggered immunity triggered by three bacterial effectors but not by effectors from non-bacterial pathogens. Epistasis experiments indicate that Epk1 acts upstream of effector-triggered immunity-associated MAP kinase signaling.

Conclusions

Using RNA-seq technology we identify genes involved in specific immune responses. A functional genomics screen led to the discovery of Epk1, a novel predicted protein kinase required for plant defense activation upon recognition of three different bacterial effectors.
Modules, networks and systems medicine for understanding disease and aiding diagnosis
Authors: Gustafsson Mika , Nestor Colm E , Zhang Huan , Barabási Albert-László , Baranzini Sergio , Brunak Sören , Chung Kian Fan , Federoff Howard J , Gavin Anne-Claude , Meehan Richard R , Picotti Paola , Pujana Miguel Ángel , Rajewsky Nikolaus , Smith Kenneth GC , Sterk Peter J , Villoslada Pablo , Benson Mikael
Published: October 2014

Many common diseases, such as asthma, diabetes or obesity, involve altered interactions between thousands of genes. High-throughput techniques (omics) allow identification of such genes and their products, but functional understanding is a formidable challenge. Network-based analyses of omics data have identified modules of disease-associated genes that have been used to obtain both a systems level and a molecular understanding of disease mechanisms. For example, in allergy a module was used to find a novel candidate gene that was validated by functional and clinical studies. Such analyses play important roles in systems medicine. This is an emerging discipline that aims to gain a translational understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying common diseases. In this review, we will explain and provide examples of how network-based analyses of omics data, in combination with functional and clinical studies, are aiding our understanding of disease, as well as helping to prioritize diagnostic markers or therapeutic candidate genes. Such analyses involve significant problems and limitations, which will be discussed. We also highlight the steps needed for clinical implementation.
Using genetically isolated populations to understand the genomic basis of disease
Authors: Zeggini Eleftheria
Published: October 2014

Rare variation has a key role in the genetic etiology of complex traits. Genetically isolated populations have been established as a powerful resource for novel locus discovery and they combine advantageous characteristics that can be leveraged to expedite discovery. Genome-wide genotyping approaches coupled with sequencing efforts have transformed the landscape of disease genomics and highlight the potentially significant contribution of studies in founder populations.
Deepwater reservoir heterogeneity delineation using rock physics and extended elastic impedance inversion: Nile Delta case study
Authors: Hafez Ahmed , Majoor Folkert , Castagna John P.
Published: October 2014

Deepwater channel reservoirs in the Nile Delta are delineated using extended elastic impedance inversion (EEI). We used the following workflow: seismic spectral blueing, rock physics and amplitude variation with offset modeling, seismic EEI and interpretation of the inverted cubes in terms of geologic facies, net-to-gross ratio, and static connectivity among depositional geobodies. Three subenvironments within the targeted reservoir interval were recognized using a combination of shale volume and [Formula: see text]-inverted cubes. These were used to generate 3D geobodies and a net-pay thickness map that were used in turn to calculate reservoir volumetrics. The results from the workflow matched well logs and could thus be used to investigate the potential of nearby prospects that have the same geologic settings.
Low Testosterone Concentration and Atherosclerotic Disease Markers in Male Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Farias Javier M. , Tinetti Matias , Khoury Marina , Umpierrez Guillermo E.
Published: October 2014

Background:

Low total T is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic complications. However, the magnitude of this association in middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) has not been determined.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study evaluated atherosclerotic disease markers in T2D patients with normal and low plasma total T. A total of 115 male patients, aged younger than 70 years, without a history of cardiovascular events, and with normal [≥3.5 ng/mL (≥12.1 nmol/L), n = 79] or low [< 3.5 ng/mL (≤12.1 nmol/L), n = 36] total T underwent the measurement of highly sensitive C-reactive protein, carotid artery carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), and atherosclerotic plaque by high-resolution B-mode ultrasound and to asses endothelial function by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation.

Results:

Carotid IMT was negatively correlated with total T concentration (r = −0.39, P < .0001). Compared with subjects with normal T, a higher proportion of patients with low total T had carotid IMT of 0.1 cm or greater [80% vs 39%, odds ratio (OR) 6.41; 95% CI 2.5–16.4, P < .0001], atherosclerotic plaques (68.5% vs 44.8%, OR 2.60, 95% CI 1.12–6.03, P < .0001); endothelial dysfunction (80.5% vs 42.3%, OR 5.77, 95% CI 2.77–14.77, P < .003), and higher highly sensitive C-reactive protein levels (2.74 ± 5.82 vs 0.89 ± 0.88 mg/L, P < .0001). Similar results were found when free T was considered. Multiple logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, diabetes mellitus duration, hemoglobin A1c, lipids, treatment effect, and body mass index reported that a low total T level was independently associated with greater IMT [OR 8.43 (95% CI 2.5–25.8)] and endothelial dysfunction [OR 5.21 (95% CI 1.73–15.66)] but not with the presence of atherosclerotic plaques (OR 1.77, 95% CI 0.66–4.74).

Conclusions:

Low T is associated with more advanced atherosclerotic disease markers in middle-aged patients with T2D.
Late cardiac sodium current can be assessed using automated patch-clamp
Authors: Chevalier Morgan , Amuzescu Bogdan , Gawali Vaibhavkumar , Todt Hannes , Knott Thomas , Scheel Olaf , Abriel Hugues
Published: October 2014

The cardiac late Na+ current is generated by a small fraction of voltage-dependent Na+ channels that undergo a conformational change to a burst-gating mode, with repeated openings and closures during the action potential (AP) plateau. Its magnitude can be augmented by inactivation-defective mutations, myocardial ischemia, or prolonged exposure to chemical compounds leading to drug-induced (di)-long QT syndrome, and results in an increased susceptibility to cardiac arrhythmias. Using CytoPatch™ 2 automated patch-clamp equipment, we performed whole-cell recordings in HEK293 cells stably expressing human Nav1.5, and measured the late Na+ component as average current over the last 100 ms of 300 ms depolarizing pulses to -10 mV from a holding potential of -100 mV, with a repetition frequency of 0.33 Hz. Averaged values in different steady-state experimental conditions were further corrected by the subtraction of current average during the application of tetrodotoxin (TTX) 30 μM. We show that ranolazine at 10 and 30 μM in 3 min applications reduced the late Na+ current to 75.0 ± 2.7% (mean ± SEM, n = 17) and 58.4 ± 3.5% (n = 18) of initial levels, respectively, while a 5 min application of veratridine 1 μM resulted in a reversible current increase to 269.1 ± 16.1% (n = 28) of initial values. Using fluctuation analysis, we observed that ranolazine 30 μM decreased mean open probability p from 0.6 to 0.38 without modifying the number of active channels n, while veratridine 1 μM increased n 2.5-fold without changing p. In human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, veratridine 1 μM reversibly increased APD90 2.12 ± 0.41-fold (mean ± SEM, n = 6). This effect is attributable to inactivation removal in Nav1.5 channels, since significant inhibitory effects on hERG current were detected at higher concentrations in hERG-expressing HEK293 cells, with a 28.9 ± 6.0% inhibition (mean ± SD, n = 10) with 50 μM veratridine.
Institutional management of Сomplex economic systems
Authors: Толкачев  , Tolkachev S. , Тепляков  , Teplyakov A.
Published: October 2014

Methodological aspects of interrelation between economic science mainstream fundamentals and modern

complex systems management issues are considered in this paper. It has been shown that mainstream’s

ontology had been adopted in the early of the twentieth century from those natural sciences branches which

studied noncomplex systems. Non-ergodic nature of modern economic world is proved. The features of the

modern complex systems management are disclosed. Need of transition to institutional management of

complex systems is justified.
Intellectual Capital Management in High-Tech Companies
Authors: Беленькая  , Belenkaya N. , Першуков  , Pershukov V.
Published: October 2014

Formation of any innovation system assumes the availability of infrastructure to bring each created design to

the final consumer and transform ideas, knowledge and competencies in the money. Main approaches and

tools for intellectual capital managing on the example of the State Atomic Energy Corporation "Rosatom"

have been considered in this paper.