bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autographa Californica Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus Enters Host Cells via Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis and Direct Fusion with the Plasma Membrane
Authors: Qin Fujun , Xu Congrui , Lei Chengfeng , Hu Jia , Sun Xiulian
Published: November 2018

The cell entry mechanism of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) is not fully understood. Previous studies showed that AcMNPV entered host cells primarily through clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and could efficiently infect cells via fusion with the plasma membrane after a low-pH trigger. However, whether AcMNPV enters cells via these two pathways simultaneously, and the exact manner in which AcMNPV particles are internalized into cells remains unclear. In this study, using single-virus tracking, we observed that AcMNPV particles were first captured by pre-existing clathrin-coated pits (CCP), and were then delivered to early endosomes. Population-based analysis of single-virus tracking and quantitative electron microscopy demonstrated that the majority of particles were captured by CCPs and internalized via invagination. In contrast, a minority of virus particles were not delivered to CCPs, and were internalized through direct fusion with the plasma membrane without invagination. Quantitative electron microscopy also showed that, while inhibition of CCP assembly significantly impaired viral internalization, inhibition of endosomal acidification blocked virus particles out of vesicles. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that approximately 90% of AcMNPV particles entered cells through clathrin-mediated endocytosis and 10% entered via direct fusion with the plasma membrane. This study will lead toward a better understanding of AcMNPV infection.
Estimating the Root Water Uptake of Surface-Irrigated Apples Using Water Stable Isotopes and the Hydrus-1D Model
Authors: Zheng Lijian , Ma Juanjuan , Sun Xihuan , Guo Xianghong , Cheng Qiyun , Shi Xiaokai
Published: November 2018

The future production of irrigated fruit orchards in the Loess Plateau of China is threatened by a shortage of freshwater. To improve water use efficiency under conditions where irrigation is limited, it is necessary to quantify the root water uptake (RWU) of apple trees. The RWU of apple trees was estimated under surface irrigation using water stable isotope technology and the Hydrus-1D model. Using the Romero-Saltos and IsoSource models, the stable isotopes of water in stems, different soil depths, and different precipitation were analyzed in a 5-year-old dwarfing apple orchard during two seasons 2016 and 2017. Hydrus-1D model was able to simulate the RWU of apple using the maximum coefficient of determination (0.9), providing a root mean square error of 0.019 cm3 cm−3 and a relative error of 2.25%. The results showed that the main depth of RWU ranged from 0–60 cm during the growth season, with the main contribution occurring in the 0–40 cm depth. These findings indicated that reducing the traditional surface irrigation depth will be important for improving the irrigation water use efficiency.
Effect of a Submerged Zone and Carbon Source on Nutrient and Metal Removal for Stormwater by Bioretention Cells
Authors: Wang Mo , Zhang Dongqing , Li Yong , Hou Qinghe , Yu Yuying , Qi Jinda , Fu Weicong , Dong Jianwen , Cheng Yuning
Published: November 2018

A bioretention system is a low-impact and sustainable treatment facility for treating urban stormwater runoff. To meet or maintain a consistently satisfactory performance, especially in terms of increasing nitrogen removal efficiency, the introduction of a submerged (anoxic) zone (SZ) combined with a module-based carbon source (C) has been recommended. This study investigated the removal of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and heavy metals with a retrofitted bioretention system. A significant (p < 0.05) removal enhancement of N as well as total phosphorus (TP) was observed, in the mesocosms with additions of exogenous carbon as opposed to those without such condition. However, even in the mesocosm with SZ alone (without exogenous C), TP removal showed significant enhancement. With regard to the effects of SZ depth on nutrient removal, the results showed that the removal of both N and P in module with a shallow SZ (200 mm) showed significant enhancement compared to that in module with a deep SZ (300 mm). Removal efficiencies greater than 93% were observed for all three heavy metals tested (Cu, Pb, and Zn) in all mesocosms, even in the bioretention module without an SZ or plants, and it indicated that adsorption by the filtration media itself is probably the most important removal mechanism. Only Cu (but not Pb or Zn) showed significantly enhanced removal in module with an SZ as compared to those without an SZ. Carbon source played a minor role in metal removal as no significant (p > 0.05) improvement was observed in module with C as compared to that without C. Based on these results, the incorporation of SZ with C in stormwater biofilters is recommended.
Segmentation of Apples in Aerial Images under Sixteen Different Lighting Conditions Using Color and Texture for Optimal Irrigation
Authors: Sabzi Sajad , Abbaspour-Gilandeh Yousef , García-Mateos Ginés , Ruiz-Canales Antonio , Molina-Martínez José Miguel
Published: November 2018

Due to the changes in the lighting intensity and conditions throughout the day, machine vision systems used in precision agriculture for irrigation management should be prepared for all possible conditions. For this purpose, a complete segmentation algorithm has been developed for a case study on apple fruit segmentation in outdoor conditions using aerial images. This algorithm has been trained and tested using videos with 16 different light intensities from apple orchards during the day. The proposed segmentation algorithm consists of five main steps: (1) transforming frames in RGB to CIE L*u*v* color space and applying thresholds on image pixels; (2) computing texture features of local standard deviation; (3) using intensity transformation to remove background pixels; (4) color segmentation applying different thresholds in RGB space; and (5) applying morphological operators to refine the results. During the training process of this algorithm, it was observed that frames in different light conditions had more than 58% color sharing. Results showed that the accuracy of the proposed segmentation algorithm is higher than 99.12%, outperforming other methods in the state of the art that were compared. The processed images are aerial photographs like those obtained from a camera installed in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This accurate result will enable more efficient support in the decision making for irrigation and harvesting strategies.
A Study of the Influence of the Spatial Distribution of Rain Gauge Networks on Areal Average Rainfall Calculation
Authors: Lee Jiho , Kim Soojun , Jun Hwandon
Published: November 2018

Estimating the AAR (Areal Average Rainfall) is an essential process when determining the accurate amount of available water resources and building the input data which is integral to the Rainfall-Runoff Analysis. To estimate the AAR, using rain gauge networks that are spatially well distributed is ideal. In this study, the spatial characteristics of the rain gauge networks for the five major river basins in South Korea are considered and the amount of influence the spatial distribution has on the estimation of the AAR is evaluated. For this purpose, the estimation error for AAR is calculated for two cases. The first case (Analysis 1) compares the value of the estimation error of the AAR from two different basins where one has well distributed rain gauges while the other does not. The second case (Analysis 2) estimates the estimation error of two different rain gauge distributions for the same basin. The spatial characteristic of the rain gauge network is evaluated by using the NNI (Nearest Neighbour Index), while the Arithmetic Mean Method, Thiessen Method and the Estimation Theory are applied to calculate the AAR. From Analysis 1, we are able to prove that the estimation error of the AAR is relatively small in the basins with that have spatially well distributed rain gauge networks whereas the estimation error is relatively large when the spatial distribution of the rain gauge network is clustered. Also, results from Analysis 2 showed that not only is the spatial distribution of the rain gauge networks important, but that the density has a significant influence on accurately calculating the AAR. The results from this study can be applied towards the ideal establishment of the rain gauge networks.
Uncertainty Estimation Using the Glue and Bayesian Approaches in Flood Estimation: A case Study—Ba River, Vietnam
Authors: Cu Thi Phuong , Ball James E , Dao Ngoc Hung
Published: November 2018

In the last few decades tremendous progress has been made in the use of catchment models for the analysis and understanding of hydrologic systems. A common application involves the use of these models to predict flows at catchment outputs. However, the outputs predicted by these models are often deterministic because they focused only on the most probable forecast without an explicit estimate of the associated uncertainty. This paper uses Bayesian and Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) approaches to estimate uncertainty in catchment modelling parameter values and uncertainty in design flow estimates. Testing of join probability of both these estimates has been conducted for a monsoon catchment in Vietnam. The paper focuses on computational efficiency and the differences in results, regardless of the philosophies and mathematical rigor of both methods. It was found that the application of GLUE and Bayesian techniques resulted in parameter values that were statistically different. The design flood quantiles estimated by the GLUE method were less scattered than those resulting from the Bayesian approach when using a closer threshold value (1 standard deviation departed from the mean). More studies are required to evaluate the impact of threshold in GLUE on design flood estimation.
Global IWRM Ideas and Local Context: Studying Narratives in Rural Cambodia
Authors: Leong Ching , Mukhtarov Farhad
Published: November 2018

This article investigates how the “constructivist turn” in public policy and international political economy informs the interaction of global ideas and local practice in water governance. We use the implementation of ideas associated with Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in the Lower Mekong river basin. This article provides some explanation of the attitudes in the villages in Cambodia due to the Sesan 2 Dam, which would see the relocation of thousands of people, damage fisheries, and inflict high coping costs on villagers. Based on 24 in-depth interviews with villagers, commune heads and local community leaders, we find diverse narratives which transcend the “pro or anti” dam narrative. We find four narrative types—myths, stories, noise and informed opinion, which relate to each other in degrees of social meaning and ideational force. Of these, the first two are more likely to be useful in terms of mobilization and policy-making. This typology provides a framework for analysis of social change in the studied villages and other contexts of policy translation. We should state that these four types are not separate from each other but are linked along two axis which together conscribe the four types of narratives outlined.
A Review of Cost Estimates for Flood Adaptation
Authors: Aerts Jeroen C. J. H.
Published: November 2018

Floods are the most devastating of global natural disasters, and flood adaptation measures are needed to reduce future risk. Researchers have started to evaluate the costs and benefits of flood adaptation, but information regarding the cost of different flood adaptation measures is often not available or is hidden in non-peer-reviewed literature. Recent review studies have explored cost estimates for different aspects of flood adaptation, such as nature-based solutions. This study aims to contribute empirical data regarding the cost of flood adaptation by compiling peer-reviewed literature and research reports. The focus is on construction costs and expenses for operation and maintenance. This paper integrates the unit cost information of six main flood adaptation measure categories: (1) the flood-proofing of buildings, (2) flood protection, (3) beach nourishment and dunes, (4) nature-based solutions for coastal ecosystems, (5) channel management and nature-based solutions for riverine systems, and (6) urban drainage. Cost estimates are corrected for inflation and converted to U.S. dollars (2016). Measures are described, and cost figures for both developed and developing countries are provided. The results of this study can be used as input for economic-assessment studies on flood adaptation measures.
A Stochastic Simulation Model for Monthly River Flow in Dry Season
Authors: Wang Wenzhuo , Dong Zengchuan , Zhu Feilin , Cao Qing , Chen Juan , Yu Xiao
Published: November 2018

Streamflow simulation gives the major information on water systems to water resources planning and management. The monthly river flows in dry season often exhibit high autocorrelation. The headwater catchment of the Yellow River basin monthly flow series in dry season exhibits this clearly. However, existing models usually fail to capture the high-dimensional, nonlinear dependence. To address this issue, a stochastic model is developed using canonical vine copulas in combination with nonlinear correlation coefficients. Kendall’s tau values of different pairs of river flows are calculated to measure the mutual correlations so as to select correlated streamflows for every month. Canonical vine copula is used to capture the temporal dependence of every month with its correlated streamflows. Finally, monthly river flow by the conditional joint distribution functions conditioned upon the corresponding river flow records was generated. The model was applied to the simulation of monthly river flows in dry season at Tangnaihai station, which controls the streamflow of headwater catchment of Yellow River basin in the north of China. The results of the proposed method possess a smaller mean absolute error (MAE) than the widely-used seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model. The performance test on seasonal distribution further verifies the great capacity of the stochastic-statistical method.
Theoretical Model of Suspended Sediment Concentration in a Flow with Submerged Vegetation
Authors: Li Da , Yang Zhonghua , Sun Zhaohua , Huai Wenxin , Liu Jianhua
Published: November 2018

Vegetation in natural river interacts with river flow and sediment transport. This paper proposes a two-layer theoretical model based on diffusion theory for predicting the vertical distribution of suspended sediment concentration in a flow with submerged vegetation. The suspended sediment concentration distribution formula is derived based on the sediment and momentum diffusion coefficients through the inverse of turbulent Schmidt number ( S c t ) or the parameter η which is defined by the ratio of sediment diffusion coefficient to momentum diffusion coefficient. The predicted profile of suspended sediment concentration moderately agrees with the experimental data. Sensitivity analyses are performed to elucidate how the vertical distribution profile responds to different canopy densities, hydraulic conditions and turbulent Schmidt number. Dense vegetation renders the vertical distribution profile uneven and captures sediment particles into the vegetation layer. For a given canopy density, the vertical distribution profile is affected by the Rouse number, which determines the uniformity of the sediment on the vertical line. A high Rouse number corresponds to an uneven vertical distribution profile.
La protection du patrimoine culturel au Brésil : la reconnaissance de la diversité culturelle
Authors: Lobato Anderson Orestes Cavalcante
Published: November 2018

La reconnaissance constitutionnelle de la diversité culturelle au Brésil exige une nouvelle approche de la protection juridique du patrimoine culturel. En effet, la protection du patrimoine matériel fait partie des politiques publiques brésiliennes depuis les années trente, mais désormais il s'agit de reconnaître et de protéger les manifestations culturelles issues d'une pratique sociale populaire. La régulation juridique du patrimoine culturel immatériel oblige à formuler des nouvelles politiques publiques adaptées à la réalité sociale des expressions de la diversité culturelle brésilienne.
Réflexions sur la production agricole et la sécurité alimentaire sous l'angle de la justice environnementale
Authors: Brauner Maria claudia crespo , Graff Laise
Published: November 2018

Cette étude traite de certains aspects de la relation complexe entre la production agricole et la sécurité alimentaire sous l'angle de la justice environnementale. Peut-on vraiment dire que la vaste étendue de terres agricoles a assuré une plus grande sécurité alimentaire pour tous, telle que préconisée par le discours hégémonique ? Quels sont les coûts sociaux et environnementaux de maintien du modèle agricole actuel, fondé sur la monoculture et l'utilisation intensive de pesticides ? Ce modèle d'utilisation des terres a été largement critiqué en raison d'une destruction de l'environnement, dont les effets affectent de manière disproportionnée certains groupes sociaux. Le nombre de petits agriculteurs va encore baisser face à la production agricole «industrielle », perpétuant le cycle de concentration des revenus, l'exode rural, l'exclusion sociale et la pauvreté. Des mesures incitatives pour l'agriculture familiale et les pratiques agricoles écologiques peuvent être une alternative permettant d'assurer la sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle et le respect des principes de la justice environnementale au Brésil.
Influences françaises dans l'espace urbain de Pelotas : 1870-1931
Authors: Avila Santos Carlos Alberto
Published: November 2018

Cet article traite de la localisation, la fondation et la source de richesse de la ville de Pelotas qui, entre 1870 et 1931, ont contribué à la consolidation de l'espace urbain de la commune et au développement de l'architecture historiciste éclectique dans ses bâtiments. On souligne l'influence française sur l'organisation des places, avec les fontaines importées de ce pays, qui ornent aujourd'hui ses espaces verts. On montre la participation des constructeurs français immigrés aux constructions de l'époque et au goût français présenté par quelques bâtiments.
TRAJECTORY CONTROL AND MODELLING FOR WIND TURBINE MAINTENANCE BY USING A RPAS
Authors: Antunes Paulo , Bousson Kouamana , García-Manrique Juan Antonio
Published: November 2018

One of the most demanded assets nowadays is energy. Over many options to generate it, humankind must seek sustainable ways; therefore, renewable energies must be empowered. Moreover, wind provides great benefits, granting uncalculated power at our disposition. Since this task is executed by big structures, their maintenance represents a difficult task for human efforts to achieve, because the height requires much support, effort and time to accomplish.

A Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) can be adapted to perform surveillance on different types of surfaces, presenting a comfortable way to execute it in dangerous and difficult to access spaces, providing safer methods, and bringing experience of qualified workers and technology together.

This paper will provide methods for generating a trajectory over Wind Turbine blades, relying on the specification of a Phantom 4. The main objective is to establish a path over this structure, based on the measurements of a specific model and incorporating all of the blades surface. The results were satisfying once the precision was inside the allowed deviation. Nevertheless, some issues might be improved such as the velocity between waypoints and the polynomial selected to define the trajectory.
CREATIVITY IN THE CONTEXT OF KAZAKH PROSE: WHY MASKS WONDER AROUND
Authors: Valikova Olga
Published: November 2018

Particular genres are becoming more appealing in modern fiction, including dystopia, post-apocalyptic novels, and eco-horror. Post-industrial consciousness threatens the world due to environmental impacts and the loss of the most important living “landmarks” (orientations), i.e., dehumanization. In the “man versus nature” relations system, the Kazakh writer Aslan Zhaksylykov differentiates key elements in the “man versus man” paradigm: first, the “social animal” and secondly, the involuntary outcast or biological mutant. Starting with the Dreams of the Damned (first edition in 2006) literary cycle, in the creative thinking perspective the author discusses the “ilinxian” text phenomenon, the discursive space of connectomes and humanistic ideas embodied in ethno-cultural masks.

Santrauka

Tam tikri žanrai šiuolaikinėje grožinėje literatūroje, įskaitant distopiją, poapokaliptinius romanus ir ekologijos siaubą, įgyja daugiau patrauklumo. Postindustrinė sąmonė kelia grėsmę pasauliui dėl poveikio aplinkai ir dėl pačių svarbiausių gyvenimo gairių (orientyrų) praradimo, i.e. dehumanizacijos. „Žmogus versus gamta“ santykių sistemoje kazachų rašytojas Aslanas Zhaksylykovas atskiria pagrindinius „žmogus versus gamta“ paradigmos elementus: pirma, „socialinį gyvūną“ ir, antra, nevalingai atstumtąjį ar biologinį mutantą. Pradėdama nuo Pasmerktųjų svajonių (pirmasis leidimas pasirodė 2006 m.) literatūros ciklo, kūrybinio mąstymo perspektyvoje autorė aptaria ilinx teksto fenomeną, diskursyviąją konektomų ir humanistinių idėjų, reiškiamų etnokultūrinėmis kaukėmis, erdvę.
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF INFORMATION MODELLING OF INDIVIDUAL RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
Authors: Kalibatas Darius , Kalibatienė Diana , Kapliński Oleg
Published: November 2018

Rapidly growing building information modelling (BIM) in construction offers a number of advantages and new opportunities of improving efficiency and effectiveness of the construction process and enhancing the use of emerging technology throughout the project’s lifecycle, not only in new buildings, but also in existing ones, including overall infrastructure. Recently, there has been a great number of publications discussing BIM advantages in construction. A number of review papers summarising BIM usage cases have been published. However, as the preliminary research shows, not all organizations use BIM because of its disadvantages. Therefore, the main aim of this research is to study the extent of available literature on BIM, to determine the current situation of BIM usage, and summarise publications related to the application of BIM. The current study is limited solely to papers available in SpringerLink, ScienceDirect and Thomson Reuters Web of Sciences scientific databases. The obtained results make it clear that BIM case studies and research in academic journals show high level of BIM implementation in practice, and advantages of BIM. However, there are some limitations of BIM usage in practice. Moreover, new trends in the evolving BIM are presented and discussed in this paper.
How Much SETI Has Been Done? Finding Needles in the n-dimensional Cosmic Haystack
Authors: Wright Jason T. , Kanodia Shubham , Lubar Emily
Published: November 2018

Many articulations of the Fermi Paradox have as a premise, implicitly or explicitly, that humanity has searched for signs of extraterrestrial radio transmissions and concluded that there are few or no obvious ones to be found. Tarter et al. and others have argued strongly to the contrary: bright and obvious radio beacons might be quite common in the sky, but we would not know it yet because our search completeness to date is so low, akin to having searched a drinking glass’s worth of seawater for evidence of fish in all of Earth’s oceans. Here, we develop the metaphor of the multidimensional “Cosmic Haystack” through which SETI hunts for alien “needles” into a quantitative, eight-dimensional model, and perform an analytic integral to compute the fraction of this haystack that several large radio SETI programs have collectively examined. Although this model haystack has many qualitative differences from the Tarter et al. haystack, we conclude that the fraction of it searched to date is also very small: similar to the ratio of the volume of a large hot tub or small swimming pool to that of the Earth’s oceans. With this article, we provide a Python script to calculate haystack volumes for future searches and for similar haystacks with different boundaries. We hope this formalism will aid in the development of a common parameter space for the computation of upper limits and completeness fractions of search programs for radio and other technosignatures.
Diffuser-assisted Photometric Follow-up Observations of the Neptune-sized Planets K2-28b and K2-100b
Authors: Stefansson Gudmundur , Li Yiting , Mahadevan Suvrath , Wisniewski John , Hebb Leslie , Morris Brett , Huehnerhoff Joseph , Hawley Suzanne
Published: November 2018

We present precision transit observations of the Neptune-sized planets K2-28b and K2-100b using the Engineered Diffuser on the Astrophysical Research Council Telescope Imaging Camera (ARCTIC) imager on the ARC 3.5 m Telescope at Apache Point Observatory. K2-28b is a R

p
 = 2.56 R
⊕ mini-Neptune transiting a bright (J = 11.7) metal-rich M4 dwarf offering compelling prospects for future atmospheric characterization. K2-100b is an R

p
 = 3.45 R
⊕ Neptune in the Praesepe Cluster and is one of few planets known in a cluster transiting a host star bright enough (V = 10.5) for precision radial velocity observations. Using the precision photometric capabilities of the diffuser/ARCTIC system allows us to achieve a precision of 365 ppm and 70 ppm in 30-minute bins for K2-28b and K2-100b, respectively. Our joint-fits to the K2 and ground-based light curves give an order-of-magnitude improvement in the orbital ephemeris for both planets, yielding a timing precision of 2 minutes in the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) era. Although we show that the currently available broad-band measurements of K2-28b’s radius are currently too imprecise to place useful constraints on K2-28b’s atmosphere, we demonstrate that JWST/NIRISS will be able to discern between a cloudy/clear atmosphere in a modest number of transit observations. Our light curve of K2-100b marks the first transit follow-up observation of this challenging-to-observe transit, where we obtain a transit depth of 822 ± 50 ppm in the SDSS i′ band. We conclude that diffuser-assisted photometry can play an important role in the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) era to perform timely and precise follow-up of the expected bounty of TESS planet candidates.
A Runaway Giant in the Galactic Halo∗
Authors: Massey Philip , Levine Stephen E. , Neugent Kathryn F. , Levesque Emily , Morrell Nidia , Skiff Brian
Published: November 2018

New evidence provided by the Gaia satellite places the location of the runaway star J01020100-7122208 in the halo of the Milky Way (MW) rather than in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) as previously thought. We conduct a reanalysis of the star’s physical and kinematic properties, which indicates that the star may be an even more extraordinary find than previously reported. The star is a 180 Myr old 3–4 M
⊙ G5-8 bright giant, with an effective temperature of 4800 ± 100 K, a metallicity of Fe/H = −0.5, and a luminosity of

. A comparison with evolutionary tracks identifies the star as being in a giant or early asymptotic giant branch stage. The proper motion, combined with the previously known radial velocity, yields a total Galactocentric space velocity of 296 km s−1. The star is currently located 6.4 kpc below the plane of the MW, but our analysis of its orbit shows it passed through the disk ∼25 Myr ago. The star’s metallicity and age argue against it being native to the halo, and we suggest that the star was likely ejected from the disk. We discuss several ejection mechanisms, and conclude that the most likely scenario is ejection by the MW’s central black hole based upon our analysis of the star’s orbit. The identification of the large radial velocity of J01020100-7122208 came about as a happenstance of it being seen in projection with the SMC, and we suggest that many similar objects may be revealed in Gaia data.
The California-Kepler Survey. VII. Precise Planet Radii Leveraging Gaia DR2 Reveal the Stellar Mass Dependence of the Planet Radius Gap
Authors: Fulton Benjamin J. , Petigura Erik A.
Published: November 2018

The distribution of planet sizes encodes details of planet formation and evolution. We present the most precise planet size distribution to date based on Gaia parallaxes, Kepler photometry, and spectroscopic temperatures from the California-Kepler Survey. Previously, we measured stellar radii to 11% precision using high-resolution spectroscopy; by adding Gaia astrometry, the errors are now 3%. Planet radius measurements are, in turn, improved to 5% precision. With a catalog of ∼1000 planets with precise properties, we probed in fine detail the gap in the planet size distribution that separates two classes of small planets, rocky super-Earths and gas-dominated sub-Neptunes. Our previous study and others suggested that the gap may be observationally under-resolved and inherently flat-bottomed, with a band of forbidden planet sizes. Analysis based on our new catalog refutes this; the gap is partially filled in. Two other important factors that sculpt the distribution are a planet’s orbital distance and its host-star mass, both of which are related to a planet’s X-ray/UV irradiation history. For lower-mass stars, the bimodal planet distribution shifts to smaller sizes, consistent with smaller stars producing smaller planet cores. Details of the size distribution including the extent of the “sub-Neptune desert” and the width and slope of the gap support the view that photoevaporation of low-density atmospheres is the dominant evolutionary determinant of the planet size distribution.
The Secular Dynamics of TNOs and Planet Nine Interactions
Authors: Li Gongjie , Hadden Samuel , Payne Matthew , Holman Matthew J.
Published: November 2018

The existence of Planet Nine has been suggested to explain the pericenter clustering of extreme trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs). However, the underlying dynamics involving Planet Nine, test particles, and Neptune is rich, and it remains unclear which dynamical processes lead to the alignment and how they depend on the properties of Planet Nine. Here we investigate the secular interactions between an eccentric outer perturber and TNOs starting in a near-coplanar configuration. We find that a large number of TNOs could survive outside of mean-motion resonances at 4 Gyr, which differs from previous results obtained in the exact coplanar case with Neptune being treated as a quadrupole potential. In addition, secular dynamics leads to the orbital clustering seen in N-body simulations. We find that a near-coplanar Planet Nine can flip TNO orbital planes, and when this happens, the geometrical longitudes of pericenter of the TNOs librate around 180° during the flip. Orbital precession caused by the inner giant planets can suppress the flips while keeping the longitude of pericenter librating when 30 au ≲ r

p
 ≲ 80 au and a ≳ 250 au. This results in the alignment of the pericenter of the low-inclination TNOs (i ≲ 40°). We find that the anti-aligned population and flipped orbits could be produced by an eccentric (e
9 ≳ 0.4) outer planet of ∼10 M
⊕ in a wide a
9 ≳ 400 ∼ 800 au orbit. Future surveys of the high-inclination TNOs will help further constrain the properties of possible outer planets.
Evidence of Magnetic Star–Planet Interactions in the HD 189733
System from Orbitally Phased Ca ii K Variations
Authors: Cauley P. Wilson , Shkolnik Evgenya L. , Llama Joe , Bourrier Vincent , Moutou Claire
Published: November 2018

Magnetic star–planet interactions (SPI) provide a detection method and
insight into exoplanet magnetic fields and, in turn, exoplanet interiors and
atmospheric environments. These signatures can be sporadic and difficult to
confirm for single-epoch observations of a system due to inhomogeneous stellar
magnetospheres and periodic variability in stellar magnetism. Thus, an ideal SPI
search consists of multiple epochs containing observations on consecutive nights
spanning at least one complete planetary orbit. Such data sets are rare but do
exist for some of the most intensely studied hot Jupiter systems. One such
system is HD 189733 for which six suitable SPI data sets exist, the result of
spectroscopic monitoring to perform some of the first SPI searches and also to
study the star’s magnetic field. Here we perform a uniform analysis of six
archival Ca ii K data sets for HD 189733, spanning 2006 June through
2015 July, in order to search for magnetic SPI signatures in the chromospheric
line variations. We find significant evidence for modulations of Ca ii
K with a 2.29 ± 0.04 day period in the 2013 August data,
which is consistent with the planet’s orbital period. The peak in the
orbital variations occurs at
ϕ
orb ≈ 0.9, which corresponds
to the SPI emission leading the planet with a phase difference of
Δϕ ≈ 40° from the
sub-planetary point. This is consistent with the phase-lead predictions of
nonlinear force-free magnetic field SPI models. The stellar magnetic field
strength at the planet’s orbit was greatest in 2013 August, which, due to
the energy released in magnetic SPI scaling with
B
*, lends strength to the SPI
interpretation.
Collisions of Neutron Stars with Primordial Black Holes as Fast Radio Bursts Engines
Authors: Abramowicz Marek A. , Bejger Michał , Wielgus Maciek
Published: November 2018

If primordial black holes (PBH) with masses of

constitute a non-negligible fraction of galactic dark-matter halos, their existence should have observable consequences: they necessarily collide with galactic neutron stars (NS), nest in their centers, and accrete the dense matter, eventually converting them to NS-mass black holes while releasing the NS magnetic field energy. Such processes may explain the fast radio bursts (FRB) phenomenology, in particular their millisecond durations, large luminosities ∼1043 erg s−1, high rate of occurrence

, as well as high brightness temperatures, polarized emission, and Faraday rotation. Longer than the dynamical timescale of the Bondi-like accretion for light PBH allows for the repeating of FRB. This explanation follows naturally from the (assumed) existence of the dark-matter PBH and requires no additional unusual phenomena, in particular no unacceptably large magnetic fields of NS. In our model, the observed rate of FRB throughout the universe follows from the presently known number of NS in the Galaxy.
Spatially Extended Low-ionization Emission Regions (LIERs) at z ∼ 0.9
Authors: Hviding Raphael E. , Brammer Gabriel B. , Momcheva Ivelina G. , Lundgren Britt Fisher , Marchesini Danilo , Pirzkal Norbert , Ryan Russell E. , Vang Andrea , Wake David A. , Bourque Matthew , Martlin Catherine , Nedkova Kalina V.
Published: November 2018

We present spatially resolved emission diagnostics for eight z ∼ 0.9 galaxies that demonstrate extended low-ionization emission line regions over kpc scales. Eight candidates are selected based on their spatial extent and emission line fluxes from slitless spectroscopic observations with the Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Camera 3 G141 and G800L grisms in the well-studied Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS) fields. Five of the candidates (62.5%) are matched to X-ray counterparts in the Chandra X-ray Observatory Deep Fields. We modify the traditional Baldwin–Philips–Terlevich (BPT) emission line diagnostic diagram to use [S ii]/(Hα + [N ii]) instead of [N ii]/Hα to overcome the blending of [N ii] and Hα + [N ii] in the low-resolution slitless grism spectra. We construct emission line ratio maps and place the individual pixels in the modified BPT. The extended low-ionization nuclear emission line regions (LINER)-like emission present in all of our candidates, coupled with X-ray properties consistent with star-forming galaxies and weak [O iii]λ5007 Å detections, is inconsistent with purely nuclear sources (LINERs) driven by active galactic nuclei (AGNs). While recent ground-based integral field unit spectroscopic surveys have revealed significant evidence for diffuse LINER-like emission in galaxies within the local universe (z ∼ 0.04), this work provides the first evidence for the non-AGN origin of LINER-like emission out to high redshifts.
Numerical Evaluation of the Relativistic Magnetized Plasma Susceptibility Tensor and Faraday Rotation Coefficients
Authors: Pandya Alex , Chandra Mani , Joshi Abhishek , Gammie Charles F.
Published: November 2018

Polarized models of relativistically hot astrophysical plasmas require transport coefficients as input: synchrotron absorption and emission coefficients in each of the four Stokes parameters, as well as three Faraday rotation coefficients. Approximations are known for all coefficients for a small set of electron distribution functions, such as the Maxwell–Jüttner relativistic thermal distribution, and a general procedure has been obtained by Huang & Shcherbakov for an isotropic distribution function. Here we provide an alternative general procedure, with a full derivation, for calculating absorption and rotation coefficients for an arbitrary isotropic distribution function. Our method involves the computation of the full plasma susceptibility tensor, which in addition to absorption and rotation coefficients may be used to determine plasma modes and the dispersion relation. We implement the scheme in a publicly available library (https://github.com/afd-illinois/symphony) with a simple interface, thus allowing for easy incorporation into radiation transport codes. We also provide a comprehensive survey of the literature and comparison with earlier results.
Diversity and conservation of seasonal killifishes of the Hypsolebias fulminantis complex from a Caatinga semiarid upland plateau, São Francisco River basin, northeastern Brazil (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae)
Authors: Costa Wilson J.E.M. , Amorim Pedro F. , Mattos José Leonardo O.
Published: November 2018

A high concentration of endemic species of seasonal killifishes has been recorded for a small area encompassing the highland plateaus associated with the upper section of the Carnaúba de Dentro River drainage and adjacent drainages of the middle section of the São Francisco River basin, northeastern Brazil. The present study is primarily directed to the taxonomy of theH.fulminantisspecies complex in this region, and describes habitat decline and extirpation of natural killifish populations recorded in field studies between 1993 and 2017. Both morphological characters and molecular species delimitation methods using single-locus models (GMYC and bPTP) support recognition of two closely related endemic species,H.fulminantisandH.splendissimusCosta,sp. n.The new species is distinguished from other congeners of theH.fulminantiscomplex by having a red pectoral fin in males, well-developed filamentous rays on the tips of the dorsal and anal fins in adult males, and the second proximal radial of the dorsal fin between the neural spines of the 8thand 9thvertebrae in males. Most recent field inventories indicated possible local extinction of populations ofH.fulminantisandH.splendissimusin the studied area, but additional field studies should be made in other parts of the upper Carnaíba de Dentro River basin to evaluate the current conservation status of these species.
Un état des études cartésiennes en Italie (1996-2017)
Authors: Belgioioso Giulia
Published: November 2018

Entre 1987 et 1996, l’Italie a contribué à une inversion de tendance dans les études sur le cartésianisme et sur Descartes. L’Italie a joué, en effet, un rôle important sur la scène internationale au moment même où les études cartésiennes étaient en train de perdre définitivement leur caractère national et s’ouvraient à une nouvelle « internationalisation ». Depuis 1997 jusqu’à aujourd’hui les équipes actives en Italie (Lecce, Rome, et plus récemment Bologne) illustrent l’évolution des études cartésiennes, tant par leur activité scientifique que par leurs rapports institutionnels avec des groupes étrangers, surtout en France (Paris), aux Pays-Bas (Utrecht), aux États-Unis (Princeton), au Brésil (Campinas et Uberlandia) et au Japon (Tokyo et Nagoya). L’histoire de l’institution du Centro di studi su Descartes e il Seicento “Ettore Lojacono” (ex Centro di studi interdipartimentale su Descartes e il Seicento ) à Lecce, auprès de l’université du Salente, et d’un Gruppo di ricerche sul cartesianismo à Rome, auprès de l’université La Sapienza, permet d’évaluer les orientations des études cartésiennes aussi bien que le rôle que l’Italie a pu jouer à l’intérieur de celles-ci.
L’Italie et la libre-pensée : un amour durable (1990-2017)
Authors: Del Prete Antonella
Published: November 2018

L’Italie a une ancienne tradition d’études sur le libertinage et la libre-pensée, qui sont considérés comme des composantes importantes de la modernité. La recherche italienne recourt donc à une définition plurielle de philosophie, accordant une place à tout ce qui, aux xvii e  et xviii e  siècles, ne correspond pas à une image strictement cartésienne de cette discipline. Elle explore la contamination entre différentes traditions philosophiques et s’intéresse à l’essor des études historiques, de la critique textuelle, de l’analyse comparée des religions. Sans nier l’existence de tournants et de moments de rupture dans l’histoire de la philosophie, les études italiennes soulignent la présence de rapports entre la Renaissance, le libertinage, la libre-pensée et les Lumières : des sources communes, une technique d’écriture codée, une polémique antireligieuse qui s’apparente souvent à l’athéisme, l’utilisation de méthodes historiques et herméneutiques visant à passer au crible tout récit et toute croyance.
D’un théâtre, l’autre : tragédie, tragi-comédie, pastorale et opéra français dans les études italiennes
Authors: Rescia Laura
Published: November 2018

À partir des années 1990, les travaux des francisants italiens consacrés à la dramaturgie du xvii e  siècle (tragédie, tragi-comédie, pastorale et opéra) ont d’une part repris et précisé les études de la génération précédente portant sur le baroque, de l’autre inauguré une ouverture critique permettant le dépassement du texte dramaturgique stricto sensu . L’étude des préfaces et des rapports entre les paratextes et les pièces, concernant tout particulièrement l’influence des théoriciens italiens, constitue l’axe majeur de ces recherches ; les genres mineurs (tragicomédie, pastorale, théâtre lyrique) ont bénéficié de cette innovation, sans que la tragédie ait été oubliée, les pièces raciniennes en premier lieu. L’optique comparatiste semble être majoritaire, ce qui a aussi inspiré de nombreuses études sur la circulation des textes, traduits et adaptés dans l’espace roman au xvii e  siècle. Il est aussi aisé de constater que la tradition italienne d’études philologiques et historiques a conduit à une intense production d’éditions ou rééditions critiques de textes dramaturgiques, publiés en France et en Italie.
La Fontaine poète italien ? Le fabuliste vu par la critique d’outre-monts
Authors: Corradi Federico
Published: November 2018

L’article fait le tour des études italiennes des dernières décennies sur La Fontaine pour montrer la vivacité de la recherche sur le fabuliste dans la péninsule. Les contributions des chercheurs italiens peuvent être réparties en quatre catégories : analyses génétiques et études de sources, réflexions sur la poétique et sur les genres littéraires, études thématiques et explications de texte. Ces catégories sont loin d’être étanches et saisissent l’œuvre du poète de Château-Thierry dans l’équilibre qu’elle réalise entre unité d’inspiration et diversité des genres et des influences. Le panorama critique est complété par une prise en compte des traductions récentes de ses œuvres en langue italienne.
« Libre d’aimer » ? Loi du péché et destin romanesque chez Segrais et Mme de Lafayette
Authors: Chamard-Bergeron Julia
Published: November 2018

Comment le libre arbitre des personnages de la nouvelle classique est-il mis à mal par la passion amoureuse ? Dans les nouvelles de Segrais et de Mme de Lafayette qui insistent sur la difficulté à résister aux injonctions du désir, on décèle deux influences de nature bien distinctes, voire antagonistes : une reprise presque anodine de topoï romanesques concernant le destin et une suggestion de l’inclination perverse de la volonté qui s’apparente à la doctrine de saint Augustin. Après un rappel des propositions de ce théologien, notre article décrit la manière dont ces deux auteurs classiques s’approprient le problème de la fatalité amoureuse. Il relève, dans quelques-unes des Nouvelles françaises où prolifèrent les lieux communs à ce sujet, une saturation de son explication causale. Cela forme un contraste avec l’étonnement qui accompagne la naissance de la passion dans La Princesse de Clèves  ; étonnement qui engendre des réflexions de psychologie morale proches de l’augustinisme.
Un modèle intersubjectif de la métapsychologie avec Bion
Authors: Mellier Denis
Published: November 2018

Les travaux de W. R. Bion sont maintenant bien connus. Dans cet article l’auteur essaie de montrer comment il prolonge la métapsychologie freudienne selon un modèle plus intersubjectif propre à soutenir le développement de la clinique actuelle et son extension sur des terrains très divers. Après avoir montré comment la dimension intersubjective se retrouve aux différentes étapes de son œuvre, l’auteur la précise selon les trois perspectives classiquement retenues pour décrire la métapsychologie. La perspective économique revêt un caractère central dans la mesure où Bion a cherché à conceptualiser la subjectivation de traumatismes par effractions, où l’affect totalement dénié n’émerge que sous forme de « terreur ». Les contours de la conflictualité pulsionnelle entre pulsion de vie et pulsion de mort posent la perspective dynamique de ce modèle. Bion inclut dans celui-ci la problématique de la connaissance et de la prise de conscience, ceci dans un cadre groupal. Il pose ainsi les termes d’un travail de lien propre à la psychanalyse. La perspective topique envisagée déborde le cadre conceptuel de l’appareil psychique individuel : celui-ci n’apparaît que comme une modalité d’institutionnalisation de la pensée dans le cadre d’un « espace psychique » analytique, qui demande sans cesse à se maintenir et à se développer. Le dernier point abordé consiste à souligner la valeur de l’attention nécessaire pour le travail associatif de lien, propre à ce modèle intersubjectif.
Le concept d’extension dans le traitement psychanalytique de l’autisme infantile
Authors: Houzel Didier
Published: November 2018

Le concept d’extension est un concept mathématique emprunté par W. R. Bion dans sa théorie de l’appareil psychique. L’auteur montre que F. Tustin a appliqué ce concept au traitement psychanalytique des enfants autistes qui sont dans l’incapacité d’étendre leur domaine d’expérience de ses bases sensorielles à la pensée. Le psychanalyste doit s’efforcer de rejoindre l’enfant dans son vécu sensoriel pour pouvoir lui proposer le moment venu une extension de son expérience sensorielle dans les domaines du mythe et de la passion tels que définis par Bion. Pour réaliser cette extension il lui faut être particulièrement attentif à son propre vécu contre-transférentiel d’une part, aux manifestations corporelles de son patient d’autre part.