bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERAN RPTRA DAN UNIVERSITAS DALAM MENDUKUNG UMK MENGEMBANGKAN USAHA
Authors: H. Siregar Johannes , Dradjat Teddy M.
Published: January 2020

Berjalannya kehidupan ekonomi dan sosial pada sektor usaha skala mikro, kecil dan menengah penting untuk mendapat perhatian dan dukungan dari berbagai pihak dalam hal pengembangannya yang a. Walaupun sudah ada dukungan Pemerintah untuk sektor usaha ini dari berbagai aspek seperti peraturan dan keuangan sudah ada, namun masih banyak pelaku usaha yang sulit mengembangkan usahanya. Kesulitan ini juga terjadi di daerah perkotaan seperti Jakarta dengan populasi penduduk yang padat dan mempunyai banyak pelaku usaha pada sektor usaha mikro ini. Hal khusus pada aspek-aspek yang berhubungan dengan masalah pengembangan usaha mikro menjadi hal penting untuk diperhatikan. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah memberikan jasa konsultasi dan pelatihan yang diperlukan dalam menunjang pengembangan usaha mikro. Kegiatan ini dari Universitas Pembangunan Jaya ditujukan untuk pelaku usaha yang terkait dengan program RPTRA pada kelurahan Cideng di Jakarta. Tahapan kegiatan diawali dengan mengevaluasi keterbatasan usaha mikro yang membutuhkan bantuan. Sejalan dengan PT Pembanguan Jaya yang memberikan pinjaman bantuan modal bagi pelaku usaha mikro, maka Universitas memberikan jasa konsultasi dan pelatihan, dengan pengawasan dilakukan oleh pengelola RPTRA. Program bantuan untuk pelaku usaha mikro telah berjalan selama satu tahun. Kerjasama pengelola RPTRA dan antar pelaku usaha mikro berhasil mengembalikan bantuan modal dengan baik. Hasil yang didapatkan pelaku usaha yang bergabung dalam kelompok usaha berhasil menambah omzet penjualan dan beberapa pelaku berhasil menambah komiditi baru untuk usaha penjualannya. Memberdayakan komunitas dengan dukungan pemerintah lokal setempat dan melibatkan partisipasi Universitas dengan pihak yang terkaitnya, dapat mendukung usaha mikro kecil untuk melakukan pengembangan usahanya.
PATJI.COM: DIGITAL MARKETING KOMUNIKASI BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL DI KABUPATEN TEGAL
Authors: Cahnyani Intan Putri
Published: January 2020

Ungkapan Tegal (dalam hal ini Kabupaten Tegal) sebagai Jepangnya Indonesia, bermula dari industri pengolahan logam yang menjadi salah satu potensi unggulan daerah sejak puluhan tahun yang lalu dan bahkan hingga kini konsisten menjadi penyumbang lebih dari 25 persen setiap tahunnya pada Pendapatan Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) Kabupaten Tegal.  Pemerintah Kabupaten Tegal melalui Dinas Perindustrian dan Perdagangan (Disperindag) menjawab tantangan Pemerintah Indonesia dengan merilis Potji.com sebagai salah satu mimpi besar Kabupaten Tegal untuk bisa merevolusi perekonomian Kabupaten Tegal di era digital dalam rangka menghadapi Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA) dengan menggeliatkan bisnis Industri Kecil Menengah (IKM), khususnya sentra logam melalui digital marketing communication. Hal tersebut didasarkan pada kenyataan bahwa hingga saat ini industri logam di Kabupaten Tegal masih mengalami kendala utama dalam pemasaran, penguasaan IT dan kualitas SDM. Berkaitan dengan masalah tersebut, Program Pengembangan Produk Unggulan Daerah (PPPUD) ini berusaha untuk mengajak mitra memanfaatkan potji.com dengan memberikan workshop dan intensive coaching clinic mengenai digital marketing communication berbasis kearifan lokal. Tujuan dari kegiatan Program Pengembangan Produk Unggulan Daerah (PPPUD) ini adalah (1) meningkatkan brand awareness masyarakat terhadap positioning Kabupaten Tegal sebagai Jepangnya Indonesia atau Tegal sebagai Kota Industri (pengolahan) khususnya logam, (2) termanfaatkannya situs potji.com milik disperindag Kab Tegal oleh mitra dalam melakukan digital marketing communication berbasis kearifan local, (3) jaringan pemasaran IKM sentra logam mitra bertambah luas, (4) interaktivitas operator dari mitra di website potji.com meningkat serta terupdatenya content yang ada di potji.com secara regular. Inti dari program ini adalah peningkatan kapasitas dari para mitra yang menjadi pelaku IKM sentra logam
MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN USAHA MITRA MELALUI TEKNOLOGI FERMENTASI TEH KOMBUCHA
Authors: Arlofa Nina , Febriasari Arifina , Elysabeth Tiur , Cahyadi Dadi , Wajdi Farid
Published: January 2020

Lingkungan Karang Bolong berada di kelurahan Randakari Kecamatan Ciwandan kota Cilegon. Kecamatan Randakari merupakan kecamatan yang paling banyak industri dan perusahaan besar dibanding dengan kecamatan lain di Kota Cilegon. Meskipun berada di kawasan industri, jumlah keluarga miskin di Kecamatan Ciwandan mencapai 300 Rumah Tangga Sasaran (RTS), 300 Bantuan Langsung Masyarakat (BLM) dan 459 Jamkesmas. Jumlah ini paling tinggi dibandingkan kecamatan lain di Kota Cilegon. Untuk meningkatkan tingkat perekonomian masyarakat dengan cara memberikan Pendidikan Kewirausahaan Masyarakat (PKM). Kegiatan pendidikan kewirausahaan yang dilakukan tidak hanya memberikan keterampilan wirausaha, akan tetapi menumbuhkan modal sosial masyarakat untuk mewujudkan terbentuknya usahawan-usahawan baru. Kegiatan PKM yang dilakukan akan difokuskan pada pembentukan satu kelompok masyarakat yang akan diberdayakan. Mitra akan diberikan PKM melalui pengelolaan usaha teh Kombucha. Metode Pelaksanaan yang akan dilakukan terdiri dari lima tahap, yaitu : tahap pertama penyuluhan tentang pemahaman teh kombucha sebagai peluang usaha yang sangat layak dikembangkan. Tahap kedua pelatihan pembuatan teh kombucha. Tahapan ketiga pelatihan kelayakan ekonomi kegiatan usaha teh kombucha secara sederhana untuk memberikan pemahaman manajemen kewirausahaan yang baik. Tahapan keempat yaitu pelatihan pemasaran, mengajarkan teknik pengemasan dan strategi pemasaran teh kombucha baik secara market online maupun offline. Tahap kelima yaitu rencana keberlanjutan program pengabdian dengan cara pendampingan sampai teh Kombucha dapat dipasarkan dengan baik di salah satu kafe atau minimarket di kota Serang
APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI PEMBUATAN ABON IKAN ANTIOKSIDAN DAUN JINTAN
Authors: Sundari Ristina Siti , Fitriadi Budhi Wahyu , Kusmayadi Andri , Arshad Adnan , Priyanto Yudhi Arie
Published: January 2020

Keluhan sebagian masyarakat dalam mengkonsumsi abon ikan adalah bau amisnya sehingga menjadi batal untuk menikmati. Sedangkan penghilang bau amis seperti kunyit, jahe, jeruk nipis, belimbing wuluh, asam jawa masih meninggalkan karakter rasa bahan yang dibawanya. Tujuan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini adalah untuk memperluas jangkauan konsumsi abon ikan dengan memproduksi varian abon ikan yang bebas bau amis dan rasa ikan yang tetap utuh. Target khususnya adalah membina kelompok masyarakat pengolah ikan agar berinovasi sesuai permintaan masyarakat agar pemasaran menjangkau konsumen lebih luas lagi dan proses produksi berkelanjutan serta calon wirausahawan yang akan bergerak di usaha yang berbahan baku ikan. Metode yang dipakai adalah eksperimen aplikasi teknologi penghilangan bau amis berbasis riset. Hasil pengabdian diperoleh produk abon ikan dua varian yaitu yang original dan bebas amis. Dari hasil produksi juga dapat dilihat bahwa abon ikan yang bebas amis memiliki volume yang lebih banyak walaupun beratnya sama.
PENDAMPINGAN PENYUSUNAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN UMKM TEKAT TIGA DARA PEKANBARU
Authors: Kodirin Kodirin
Published: January 2020

UMKM Tekat Tiga Dara kota Pekanbaru memproduksi dan menjual tekat dan kerajinan khas Riau dengan omzet sekitar Rp20 juta per bulan.  UMKM ini mendapat penghargaan dari Markplus Inc. sebagai usaha terbaik pada acara Gebyar UKM 2018 di Pekanbaru.  Pada tahun 2016 UMKM ini mendapat penghargaan Sidakarya tingkat provinsi Riau atas pemberdayaan yang dilakukan terhadap masyarakat.  Namun, sampai saat ini UMKM ini belum membuat pembukuan yang memadai.  Pencatatan baru dilakukan atas transaksi penjualan.  Transaksi pembelian dan pembayaran biaya-biaya operasional belum dibukukan.  Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan dalam rangka peningkatan kapasitas pengelola untuk membuat pembukuan dan laporan keuangan. Program pertama berupa pelatihan akuntansi sederhana dan pelatihan aplikasi Akuntansi UKM berbasis Android.  Program kedua berupa pendampingan penginputan transaksi pada aplikasi Akuntansi UKM. Mahasiswa Politeknik Keuangan Negara STAN yang berdomisili di kota Pekanbaru berpartisipasi secara aktif dalam program pemberdayaan masyarakat ini.  Luaran kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah meningkatnya kemampuan mitra pengabdian terkait dengan pembuatan laporan keuangan dan terwujudnya laporan keuangan mitra pengabdian menggunakan aplikasi Akuntansi UKM berbasis Android.
PENDAMPINGAN PERANCANGAN KEBIJAKAN AKUNTANSI BERDASARKAN SAK ETAP DALAM PELAPORAN KEUANGAN PADA BUMDES TIRTA MANDIRI, DESA PONGGOK, KLATEN
Authors: Hamzah Andy Prasetiawan , Priharjanto Akhmad , Purwanti Dyah
Published: January 2020

Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat (abdimas) ini adalah untuk mendampingi penyusunan kebijakan akuntansi bagi Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) Tirta Mandiri. Kebijakan akuntansi disesuaikan dengan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan (SAK) untuk Entitas Tanpa Akuntabilitas Publik (ETAP). Kegiatan abdimas dilakukan pada periode Januari sampai Juli 2019. Untuk menyusun kebijakan akuntansi, kami melakukan studi pendahuluan, wawancara dengan narasumber dan pelaku usaha BUMDes dan Forum Grup Discussion (FGD). Hasil kegiatan berupa kebijakan akuntansi yang sesuai dengan SAK ETAP seperti yang diamanatkan Peraturan Desa dan Anggaran Dasar/Anggaran Rumah Tangga BUMDes. Kebijakan akuntansi tersebut memuat karakeristik umum pelaporan keuangan, prinsip dasar pelaporan keuangan, kebijakan akuntansi penting dan bentuk laporan keuangan yang dihasilkan oleh BUMDes Tirta Mandiri.
Первая находка северного кожанка (Eptesicus nilssonii Keyserling et Blasius, 1839, Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera) в тундре (город Воркута, Республика Коми)
Authors: Быховец Н. М. , Петров А. Н.
Published: January 2020

В октябре 2019 г. зарегистрирована встреча северного кожанка в помещении вентиляционного ствола СП «Шахта Заполярная» АО «Воркутауголь» компании ПАО «Северсталь» (Большеземельская тундра, окрестности г. Воркута). Это первая встреча северного кожанка в зоне тундры. Факт обнаружения представителя отряда Рукокрылые в тундре является уникальным и может расцениваться как результат общего тренда расширения ареалов видов на север на фоне современного изменения климата, а также демонстрирует широкие адаптивные возможности вида на северной границе его ареала,несмотря на лимитирующие факторы (отсутствие древесной растительности и длинный световой день летом).
Artificial Intelligence in medicine: today and tomorrow
Authors: Briganti Giovanni , Le Moine Olivier
Published: January 2020

Artificial intelligence-powered medical technologies are rapidly evolving into applicable solutions for clinical practice. Deep learning algorithms can deal with increasing amounts of data provided by wearables, smartphones and other mobile monitoring sensors in different areas of medicine.Currently, only very specific settings in clinical practice benefit from the application of artificial intelligence, such as the detection of atrial fibrillation, epilepsy seizures, and hypoglycemia, or the diagnosis of disease based on histopathological examination or medical imaging. The implementation of augmented medicine is long-awaited by patients because it allows for a greater autonomy and a more personalized treatment, however, it is met with resistance from physicians which were not prepared for such an evolution of clinical practice.This phenomenon also creates the need to validate these modern tools with traditional clinical trials, debate the educational upgrade of the medical curriculum in light of digital medicine as well as ethical consideration of the ongoing connected monitoring. The aim of this paper is to discuss recent scientific literature and provide a perspective on the benefits, future opportunities and risks of established artificial intelligence applications in clinical practice on physicians, healthcare institutions, medical education and bioethics.
Enkripsi File Audio Menggunakan Metode Kriptografi RSA
Authors: Sari Puspita , Safitri Fifi , Listianingrum Ajeng , Sari Nurfika , Mhd.Arief
Published: January 2020

Perkembangan yang terjadi teknologi digital diikuti dengan perkembangan masyarakat yang mudah menciptakan file maupun mengakses file di media digital, dan mendokumentasikan file yang kita miliki. Hal tersebut dapat berbahaya untuk file yang kita ciptakan.Keamanan, dan kerahasiaan sebuah file sangatlah penting. Seringkali kita saat mengirim data kepada seseorang file tersebut tidak hanya sampai ke penerima, tetapi orang lain juga menerimanya, mereka melakukan penyadapan atau pembajakan supaya juga menerima data dari si pengirim. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, diperlukan aplikasi pengaman file salah satu nya file audio. . Ada beberapa algoritma kriptografi yang menggunakan algoritma kunci publik yaitu RSA(Rivest Shamir Adleman) dan ElGamal. Pertama file audio akan di enkripsikan kedalam metode RSA (Rivest Shamir Adleman) dan dari hasil plaintext nya akan di dapat chipertext dari RSA kemudian chipertext metode RSA tadi akan di deskripsikan menggunakan metode ElGamal. Bahasa pemrograman yang dipakai adalah menggunakan Java Netbeans dan data yang diolah adalah file WAV dan MP3. Berdasarkan penelitian terdahulu, metode RSA(Rivest Shamir Adleman) dan ElGamal dapat mengamankan file-file kita terutama file audio.
PENERAPAN ALGORITMA KRIPTOGRAFI ASIMETRIS DENGAN METODE RSA DAN BLOWFISH UNTUK ENKRIPSI DAN DESKRIPSI GAMBAR MENGGUNAKAN BAHASA PEMROGRAMAN JAVA NETBEANS
Authors: ipandi marsel fio , Hafiz Arzi Al , Afriliansyah  , Febrian M.Aldi , Hasan Mhd Arief
Published: January 2020

Suatu proses pengiriman data atau informasi dengan menggunakan algoritma kriptografi. Pada sebuah data dapat di transmisikan dengan berbagai cara baik melalui sinyal dengan udara, Para pengguna media transmisi ini memungkinan yang tidak berkepentingan membaca bahkan mengubah isi data tersebut, oleh sebab itu di perlukan adanya penyediaan aplikasi enkripsi deskripsi data gambar untuk mengamankan data yang di transmisikan. Untuk mengatasi problem tersebut di perlukan adanya aplikasi pengamanan terhadap data gambar yang di kenal sebagai ilmu kriptografiSemakin cepat berkembangnya ilmu pengatahuan di kembangkan pula ilmu algoritma kriptografi terebut. Contoh salah satunya algoritma yang cukup di kenal pada ilmu kriptografi adalah algoritma RSA. Dimana metode RSA ini yang menggunakan algoritma simetrik mempunyai dua kunci yang berbeda, yaitu pasangan key untuk proses enkripsi dan deskripsi.
Modeling and Miniaturization of the Thermoacoustically Driven IPTR to Encourage Sustainable Energy
Authors: Lavari
Published: January 2020

The Thermoacoustic Stirling Heat Engine(TASHE) designed by Backhaus, a device without moving parts which operates at a frequency of 85 Hz with an average pressure of 3 MPa that is capable of using sustainable energies, is applied to run an Inertance Pulse Tube Refrigerator(IPTR) with 1 W cooling power at 90 K. The coupling of these devices caused to eliminate all moving parts as well as miniaturizing the refrigerator to use for cooling superconducting magnets for MRI systems. A new method for the design of the IPTR performed by using numerical simulation of REGEN3.3. Moreover, to have a better vision of the overall configuration of IPTR and verify the Results of REGEN3.3, DeltaEC is used as an auxiliary software. Fortunately, both software results matched perfectly, and the performance of the IPTR was acoustically and thermodynamically ideal.
Effect of tDCS over the Right Inferior Parietal Lobule on Mind-Wandering Propensity
Authors: Coulborn Sean , Bowman Howard , Miall Chris , Fernández-Espejo Davinia
Published: January 2020

Mind-wandering is associated with switching our attention to internally directed thoughts and is by definition an intrinsic, self-generated cognitive function. Interestingly, previous research showed that it may be possible to modulate its propensity externally, with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting different regions in the default mode and executive control networks. However, these studies used highly heterogeneous montages (targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), the right inferior parietal lobule (IPL), or both concurrently), often showed contradicting results, and in many cases failed to replicate. Our study aimed to establish whether tDCS of the default mode network, via targeting the right IPL alone, could modulate mind-wandering propensity using a within-subjects double-blind, counterbalanced design. Participants completed a sustained attention to response task (SART) interspersed with thought-probes to capture their subjective reports of mind-wandering before and after receiving anodal, cathodal, or sham tDCS over the right IPL (with the reference over the left cheek). We found evidence for the lack of an effect of stimulation on subjective reports of mind-wandering (JZS-BF01 = 5.19), as well as on performance on the SART task (errors (JZS-BF01 = 6.79) and reaction time (JZS-BF01 = 5.94). Overall, we failed to replicate previous reports of successful modulations of mind-wandering propensity with tDCS over the IPL, instead providing evidence in support of the lack of an effect. This, and other recent unsuccessful replications call into question whether it is indeed possible to externally modulate spontaneous or self-generated cognitive processes.
Occupational injuries sustained by caregivers in geriatric care homes of Kathmandu valley
Authors: Mahto Prakash Kumar , Gautam Bhupal , Joshi Sunil Kumar
Published: January 2020

Background: Ageing is an inevitable process. The population of elderly is increasing in Nepal. Caring of elderly at geriatric care homes is becoming popular. Caregivers take care of the elderly in the geriatric care homes. Occupational injuries are very common and no study has been done to document the injuries sustained by caregivers working in geriatric care homes in Nepal. This study has been conducted to determine the prevalence of work related musculoskeletal disorders and the injuries sustained among care givers working in geriatric care homes in Nepal.

Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study design. A convenience sample of 41 caregivers among geriatric care homes in Kathmandu valley aged between 20-45 years were included in the study. The Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire was adapted to measure Musculoskeletal Disorders in the study population. Descriptive analysis of data was done. Type of injury was classified and their consequences observed.

Results: Caregivers (n=41) reported work related musculoskeletal disorders in six areas of the questionnaire: Neck 4 (9.75 %), Shoulder 8(19.5%), Elbow 4(9.75%), Low back 22(53.65%), Knee 5(12.19%) and ankle 3(7.31%). Common types of injuries sustained were muscle strain, ligament sprain, joint pain, hernia etc. In most of the cases, caregivers had to take interventions like taking medications, exercises, rest while some were able to get away with minor symptoms.

Conclusion: The incidence of occupational injuries among caregivers is high. The existing training programs are not enough. A revision of the course work for training of caregivers is necessary
Health and safety issues among construction workers in Bangladesh
Authors: Mamin Firoz Ahmed , Dey Ganesh , Das Shazal Kumar
Published: January 2020

Background: Bangladesh is a rapidly developing country. Lots of infrastructures are set up every year. A large number of people are working in the construction industry.  Work related injuries and deaths of construction workers are common. The aim of this study was to find the health and safety awareness of informal construction workers.

Methodology: This study was a cross sectional study by using a preset questionnaire among the construction workers in Bangladesh.

Results: Participants of this study had lower income and education. About 87% of participants did not receive any health and safety training and did not wear safety equipment when they were working. About 57% of the participants had a history of injury. This study also found that the main reasons for the non-use of safety equipment were lack of safety equipment, motivation and training.

Conclusion: Construction workers are not adequately aware about health and safety issues that relate to them.
Histopathological patterns of benign lesions in hysterectomy specimens
Authors: Rai Ujwal , Vaidya Monasha , Baral Gehanath , Mool Joshi Smrity , Ray Sunita
Published: January 2020

Aims: To audit and evaluate the surgical indications, routes of surgery and types of hysterectomies performed along with histopathological analysis of those hysterectomies in respect to disease of endometrium, myometrium, cervix and fallopian tubes and ovaries for benign conditions.
Methods: This is retrospective cross sectional study of all hysterectomy specimens received in the department of Pathology, B and C teaching hospital and research center, Jhapa, Birtamode, Nepal from May 2017 to May 2019. Clinical details were received from the data provided by gynecologists in histopathological requisition forms. Only specimens received for the benign indication for hysterectomy were taken.
Results: Out of 115 specimens, the number was equal on both abdominal and vaginal route. The common indications were leiomyoma (60%, n=69), abnormal uterine bleeding (24%, n=28) and uterine prolapsed in 11% (n=13). Uterovaginal prolapse was seen commonest indication for hysterectomy in age group of 5th and 6th decade of life. Myometrial pathology was seen in 74% (n=75) comprising mostly of leiomyoma. Endometrial pathology was present in 14% (n=16) and chronic non-specific cervicitis in 24% (n=28). Abnormal tubo-ovarian pathology was found in 40% (n=51).
Conclusions: Leiomyoma, abnormal uterine bleding and uterovaginal prolapsed are the common benign conditions undergoing hysterectomy.
Teenage Pregnancy Outcome in Rapti Sub Regional Hospital
Authors: Poudel Sandesh , Rai Snigdha , Subedi Kirtipal
Published: January 2020

Aim: To determine the maternal and perinatal outcome in teenage pregnancies. 
Methods: A hospital based descriptive cross sectional study conducted from April 2017 to April 2018, among the pregnant women of age group≤19 years, admitted to the labour ward  atRapti Sub regional Hospital, Dang.
Results: The total of 853 pregnant adolescent women were admitted during the study period, most of which belonged to 19 years of age (38.6%) and were primipara (93.3%) and 42.1% belonged to janjati group. 79.6% had normal delivery, while 14.1% of the cases underwent caesarean section, 5.9% had instrumental delivery and in 0.5% had perineal injury. Anaemia complicated 63% of teenage mothers, more in age group of ≤ 18yrs than in > 18years (61.4%vs 38.6%) and 4.6% had maternal complications, the majority being PPH (2.9%) followed by oligohydraminos, eclampsia, wound infection and vulvar haematoma. Preterm delivery occurred in 15.5% of the cases (≤ 18yrs vs>18yrs being 9.8% vs 5.7%), other neonatal complications included respiratory distress (1.5%), intrauterine growth retardation (4.5%), intrauterine foetal death (0.4%) and very low birth weight (1.2%).
Conclusions: Teenage pregnancy has increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes leading to various adverse maternal, fetal and neonatal complications.
Keywords: outcome, pregnancy, teenage.
Uterine Perforation after Manual Vacuum Aspiration
Authors: Joshi Smrity Mool
Published: January 2020

Surgical modality of abortion should be backed up by adequate skill and facility in service delivery as well as in detecting and managing complications.
Keywords: abortion, hemoperitoneum, manual vacuum aspiration
The Eucharist as a Hermeneutical Lens in the Preaching of Peter Chrysologus
Authors: Howell Kenneth J.
Published: January 2020

[Figure: see text]

Peter Chrysologus, the bishop of Ravenna in the first half of the fifth century, tended to read the texts of the gospels through a eucharistic lens. Like other patristic writers, Peter viewed the same realities of faith operating in both the gospel accounts and in the liturgy of the Church. This article explores that relationship under three aspects evident in his homilies, especially in Sermons 33–36 about the woman with the twelve-year hemorrhage (Mark 5:21–43). Peter views the pericope under the three continuities of desperation, presence, and faith. Peter sees the Church’s faith, like the woman’s, as arising out of desperation or the hopelessness of finding a cure for its wounds. Yet, the same presence tapped by the woman who touched the hem of Jesus’s garment can be touched in the Eucharist because the same presence that was present in the first century is operating in the liturgy of the fifth century. What is not so evident is that Peter’s audience will exercise the same faith as this desperate woman. In his highest expectations, Peter hopes that his own congregation will touch the Eucharist and so be healed like the hemorrhaging woman. While Peter never formulated a doctrine of the Eucharist per se, his proclamation assumes a profound continuity between the life of Christ and the sacramental life of the Church.
Church at the Wall: A Political and Liturgical Analysis of Border Masses
Authors: Grimes Nathaniel
Published: January 2020

This article examines the phenomenon of border Masses, those instances where clergy have led the faithful outside the church building and outside the regular schedule of sacraments to the United States–Mexico border to celebrate Mass as an overtly political act, describing how border Masses open up new ways of thinking about the relationship of Eucharist and politics, as well as the role that ecclesial practices should have in shaping Christian political engagement, and attempting to show how a consideration of these services might clarify the functions, possibilities, and limits of liturgy. First, I provide a description of these border Masses as they have occurred, including the context, rhetoric, participants, and shape of the liturgy. The second section describes the political and topographical space in which these services take place; the border is examined with attention to the way that such a construction shapes Christian identity and practice. Given this context, I move to address the recent debates over politics and Christian liturgy that centre on the latter’s capacity for positive transformation. I examine the Eucharistic and liturgical theology that serve as the foundation for border Masses to think about the ways that the practice itself, and the ways that God shows up in the sacrament, might push back and challenge us in unanticipated ways. Are practices of Eucharist at the border a revolutionary force that might upend the injustices that necessitate a border wall? Are they rituals that only reinforce social norms and whose impact is reduced to pragmatic appeals for modifications to existing laws? What resources might we find in these spaces to help move both the Church and the world toward justice?
Failure Analysis of an Aero Engine Ball Bearing
Authors: Ejaz N. , Salam I. , Tauqir A.
Published: January 2020

An aero engine failed due to the misalignment of the ball bearing fitted on the main shaft of the engine. The aero engine incorporates two independent compressors: a six-stage axial flow LP compressor and a nine-stage axial flow HP compressor. The bearing under consideration is a HP location bearing and is fitted at the rear of the nine-stage compressor. It was supposed to operate for at least 5000 h, but failed catastrophically after 1300 h, rendering the engine unserviceable. Unusually high stresses caused by misalignment and uneven axial loading resulted in the generation of fatigue crack(s) in the inner race. When the crack reached the critical size, the collar of the race fractured, causing subsequent damage. The cage also failed due to excessive stresses in the axial direction, and its material was smeared on the steel balls and the outer race.
Failure Analysis of HP Turbine Blades in a Low Bypass Turbofan Engine
Authors: Mishra R. K. , Johney Thomas , Srinivasan K.
Published: January 2020

The failure of HP turbine blades in a low bypass turbofan engine was analyzed to determine the root cause. Forensic and metallurgical investigations were conducted on all failed blades as well as failed downstream components. It was found that one of the blades fractured in the dovetail region, causing extensive damage throughout the turbine. Remedial measures were suggested to prevent such failures in the future.
Analysis of Bearing Cup Assembly Failure in Drive Shaft Assembly
Authors: Pathak Yogesh , Aher V. S.
Published: January 2020

A bearing cup in a drive shaft assembly on an automobile was found to have failed. A detailed analysis was conducted using the QC story approach, which begins by proposing several possible failure scenarios then following them to determine the main root cause. A number of alternative solutions were identified and then validated based on chemical analysis, endurance and hardness tests, and microstructural examination. The investigation revealed that carbonitriding can effectively eliminate the type of failure encountered because it prevents through hardening of the bearing cup assembly.
Failure Analysis of a Cracked Gasoline Engine Cylinder Head
Authors: Azadi M. , Mafi A. , Roozban M. , Moghaddam F.
Published: January 2020

This article presents a failure analysis of an aluminum cylinder head on an automotive engine. During an endurance test, a crack initiated from the interior wall of a hole in the center of the cylinder head, then propagated through the entire thickness of the component. Metallurgical examination of the crack origin revealed that casting pores played a role in initiating the crack. Stress components, identified by finite element analysis, also played a role, particularly the stresses imposed by the bolt assembly leading to plastic strain. It was concluded that the failure can be prevented by eliminating the bolt hole, using a different type of bolt, or adjusting the fastening torque.
Failure Analysis of Reverse Shaft in the Transmission System of All-Terrain Vehicles
Authors: Lin Chun-Yuan , Hung Jui-Pin , Hsu Tze-Chi
Published: January 2020

This paper presents a failure analysis of a reverse shaft in the transmission system of an all-terrain vehicle (ATV). The reverse shaft with splines fractured into two pieces during operation. Visual examination of the fractured surface clearly showed cracks initiated from the roots of spline teeth. To find out the cause of fracture of the shaft, a finite element analysis was carried out to predict the stress state of the shaft under steady loading and shock loading, respectively. The steady loading was produced under normal operation, while the shock loading could be generated by an abrupt change of operation such as start-up or sudden braking during working. Results of stress analysis reveal that the highest stressed area coincided with the fractured regions of the failed shaft. The maximum stress predicted under shock loading exceeded the yield strength and was believed to be the stimulant for crack initiation and propagation at this weak region. The failure analysis thus showed that the premature fatigue fracture of the shaft was caused by abnormal operation. Finally, some suggestions to enhance service durability of the transmission system of ATV are discussed.
Corrosion Failure of Bottom Plates of an Aboveground Storage Tank
Authors: Mobin M. , Malik A.U. , Al-Fozan S. , Al-Muaili F.
Published: January 2020

This paper describes the investigation of a corrosion failure of bottom plates on an aboveground tank used for the storage of potable water. The tank was internally inspected for the first time after six years of service. Paint blisters and rust spots were observed on the bottom plates and first to third course shell plates. Sand blasting and repainting of the bottom plates and first course shell plates was to be used as a remedial measure. However, during the sand blasting, holes and deep pitting were observed on the bottom plates. On-site visual inspection, magnetic flux leakage (MFL) inspection, ultrasonic testing (UT), and evaluation of the external cathodic protection (CP) system were used in the failure analysis. The corrosion products were analyzed using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The failure is attributed to the ingress of water and its impoundment under the tank bottom along the periphery inside the ring wall and failure of water side epoxy coating. Various measures to prevent such failures in the future are recommended.
Failure Analysis of a Temporary Power Line Anchor
Authors: Stevenson M.E. , Barkey M.E. , McDougall J.L. , Weishaupt E.R.
Published: January 2020

During the installation of power transmission lines across a major interstate highway, a temporary anchor stabilizing one of the poles failed, resulting in the loss of the pole and the associated power lines. It also contributed to a single vehicle incident on the adjacent roadway. Post-failure analysis revealed that the fracture was precipitated by a preexisting weld-related crack. Closed form and numerical stress analyses were also conducted, with the results indicating that the anchor was installed properly within the parameters intended by the manufacturer.
Scale Formation by Calcium-Precipitating Bacteria in Cooling Water System
Authors: Maruthamuthu S. , Dhandapani P. , Ponmariappan S. , Sathiyanarayanan S. , Muthukrishnan S. , Palaniswamy N.
Published: January 2020

This study examines the role of calcium-precipitating bacteria (CPB) in heat exchanger tube failures. Several types of bacteria, including Serratia sp. (FJ973548), Enterobacter sp. (FJ973549, FJ973550), and Enterococcus sp. (FJ973551), were found in scale collected from heat exchanger tubes taken out of service at a gas turbine power station. The corrosive effect of each type of bacteria on mild steel was investigated using electrochemical (polarization and impedance) techniques, and the biogenic calcium scale formations analyzed by XRD. It was shown that the bacteria contribute directly to the formation of calcium carbonate, a critical factor in the buildup of scale and pitting corrosion on heat exchanger tubes.
Failure Analysis of Ethylene Cracking Tube
Authors: Tari V. , Najafizadeh A. , Aghaei M.H. , Mazloumi M.A.
Published: January 2020

Radiant tubes that failed prematurely in an ethylene cracking furnace were analyzed to determine the cause of their early demise. The tubes were made from austenitic heat-resistant steel and cracked along their longitudinal axis. New and used tubes were compared using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry, and mechanical property testing. This provided critical information and revealed that improper coking and decoking had removed the protective oxide layer (Cr2O3) that normally prevents coke deposits from forming on exposed surfaces. Without this layer, coke readily accumulates on the surface of the tubes, fueling carbon diffusion into the metal and a corresponding degradation in microstructure and loss of ductility at high temperatures.
Metallurgical Analysis to Evaluate Cracking in a 316L Grade Stainless Steel Spiral Heat Exchanger
Authors: Traubert Thomas D. , Jur Tim A.
Published: January 2020

A spiral heat exchanger made from 316L stainless steel developed a leak after eight years of service as a condenser on a distillation tower. Examination identified the leak as being located on the cooling water side in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of a weld joining two plates. Cooling water deposits were observed in a V-shaped corner formed by the weld. A metallurgical examination identified the presence of transgranular cracks in the HAZ on the cooling water side. Analysis of the cooling water revealed the presence of chlorides. Based on the metallurgical analysis and other findings, it was determined that the cracks and associated leak were the result of chloride stress-corrosion cracking.
Failure Analysis of a Titanium Golf Club Head
Authors: Baron Richard P. , Claxton Raymond J.
Published: January 2020

The head on a golf club driver developed multiple cracks during normal use. The head was a hollow shell construction made from a titanium alloy. Analysis and additional investigation revealed a progressive failure that initiated on the interior surface of the face plate along a deep, concentric groove created during a press forming operation. It was also determined that atmospheric contamination occurred during the welding of the head, causing embrittlement, which may have also contributed to the failure. Recommendations were made addressing the problems that were observed.
Failure Analysis of a Crimping Mechanism
Authors: Sciammarella Federico , Sarangi Sharmistha
Published: January 2020

An aluminum bronze bushing that serves as a guide in a crimping machine began to fail after 50,000 cycles or approximately two weeks of operation. Until then, typical run times had been on the order of months. Although the bushings are replaceable and relatively inexpensive, the cost of downtime adds up quickly while operators troubleshoot and swap out worn components. Initially, the quality of the bushings came into question, but after a detailed analysis of the entire crimping mechanism, several other issues emerged that were not previously considered. As a result, the investigation provides information on not only better materials, but also design changes intended to reduce wear and increase service life.
Failure Analysis of the 18CrNi3Mo Steel for Drilling Bit
Authors: Xu Sheng , Zhou Le-yu , Yan Yong-ming , Zhu Hong-wu
Published: January 2020

A masonry type drill bit, designed for impact drilling in rock, fractured after a short time in service. Samples of the failed bit were analyzed using optical and scanning electron microscopy, quantitative metallography, and chemical analysis. The composition was found to be that of 18CrNi3Mo steel. Investigators also found evidence of inclusions and prior austenite grain size, although it was determined that neither played a role in the failure. Rather, according to test data, the failure occurred because of stress concentration (due to geometric discontinuities along the tooth profiles) and the cumulative effect of torque and force loading (the byproduct of continuous twisting and axial impact). Cracks readily initiate under these conditions then propagate quickly through what was found to be networks of tempered martensite, thus resulting in premature failure.
Fatigue Failure of Extrusion Dies: Effect of Process Parameters and Design Features on Die Life
Authors: Akhtar S.S. , Ari A.F.M.
Published: January 2020

Several failed dies were analyzed and the results were used to evaluate fatigue damage models that have been developed to predict die life and aid in design and process optimization. The dies used in the investigation were made of H13 steels and fractured during the hot extrusion of Al-6063 billet material. They were examined to identify critical fatigue failure locations, determine corresponding stresses and strains, and uncover correlations with process parameters, design features, and life cycle data. The fatigue damage models are based on Morrow’s stress and strain-life models for flat extrusion die and account for bearing length, fillet radius, temperature, and strain rate. They were shown to provide useful information for the analysis and prevention of die failures.
An Environmentally Assisted Cracking Evaluation of UNS C64200 (Al–Si–Bronze) and UNS C63200 (Ni–Al–Bronze)
Authors: Koul Michelle , Gaies Jennifer
Published: January 2020

An air system on a marine platform unexpectedly shut down due to the failure of a union nut, which led to an investigation to quantify the material limitations of bronze alloys in corrosive marine environments. The study focused on two alloys: Al-Si bronze, as used in the failed component, and Ni-Al bronze, which has a history of success in naval applications. Material samples were examined using chemical analysis, SEM imaging, and corrosion testing. Investigators also analyzed precracked tension specimens, exposing them to different conditions to quantify stress intensity thresholds for environmentally assisted cracking. Al-Si bronze was found to be susceptible to subcritical intergranular cracking in air and seawater, whereas Ni-Al bronze was unaffected. Both materials, however, are susceptible to cracking in the presence of ammonia, although the subcritical crack growth rate is two to three times higher in Ni-Al bronze. Based on the results of this work, the likelihood of subcritical cracking under various conditions can be reasonably estimated, which, in the case at hand, proved to be quite high.
Failure Analysis of a High-Speed Pinion Shaft
Authors: Stevenson M.E. , McDougall J.L. , Bowman R.D. , Herman R.L.
Published: January 2020

The failure of a high-speed pinion shaft from a marine diesel engine was investigated. The shaft, which had been in service for more than 30 years, failed shortly after the bearings were replaced. Examination of the shaft revealed cyclic fatigue, with a substantial distribution of nonmetallic inclusions near the fracture initiation site. Fracture mechanics analysis indicated that, if stresses acting on the shaft were induced only by normal service loads, there was little likelihood that the inclusions served as failure initiation sites. Further examination of the bearing elements revealed an abnormal wear pattern, consistent with the application of elevated bending loads. The root cause of failure was determined to be an increase in service stresses after bearing replacement along with the presence of nonmetallic inclusions in the shaft.
Failure of a Concentric Pipe for a Controllable Pitch Propeller System
Authors: Araujo L.S. , Mendes M.C. , de Almeida L.H. , Dutra M.S. , Cardoso D.
Published: January 2020

A controllable pitch propeller (CPP) on a dynamic positioning ship failed after eight months of operation. The CPP design consists of a hollow propeller shaft and a concentrically located pipe that operates inside. The pitch of the propeller blades is controlled hydraulically through the longitudinal displacement of the inner (concentric) pipe. Fractography, microstructural, microhardness, and chemical analyses revealed that the concentric pipe failed due to fatigue. Fatigue cracks initiated along longitudinal welds where wire spacers attach to the external surface of the pipe. The effect of crack-like defects, stress concentration at the weld toe, residual tensile stress, and lack of penetration contributed to a shorter fatigue crack initiation phase and premature failure.
Case Study on Failure of Ball Bearing of an Aeroengine
Authors: Bhat R.R. , Nandi Vaisakhi , Manohara V. , Suresh S.V.
Published: January 2020

A ball bearing in a military jet engine sustained heavy damage and was analyzed to determine the cause. Almost all of the balls and a portion of the outer race were found to be flaking, but there were no signs of damage on the inner race and cage. Tests (chemistry, hardness, and microstructure) indicated that the bearing materials met the specification requirements. However, closer inspection revealed areas of discoloration, or nonuniform contact marks, on the ID surface of the inner ring. The unusual wear pattern suggested that the bearing was not properly mounted, thus subjecting it to uneven or eccentric loading. This explains the preferential nature of the flaking on the outer race and points to an assembly error as the root cause of failure.
Electrical Fluting Failure of a Tri-Lobe Roller Bearing
Authors: Didenko Tomasz , Pridemore Wesley D.
Published: January 2020

A tri-lobe cylindrical roller bearing was submitted for investigation to determine the cause of uniformly spaced axial fluting damages on its rollers and outer raceway surfaces. The rollers and raceways were made from premium-melted M50 and M50NiL, aircraft quality steels often used in bearings to minimize the effects of orbital slippage and rolling-contact fatigue. The damaged areas were examined under a scanning electron microscope, which revealed a high density of microcraters, characteristic of local melting and material removal associated with bearing currents. Investigators also examined the effect of electrical discharge on crater dimensions and density and the role that thermoelectric voltage potentials may have played.
Spring Fatigue Fractures Due to Microstructural Changes in Service
Authors: Maciejewski J. , Akyuz B.
Published: January 2020

An electric transport vehicle, similar to an electric trolley or subway rail car, experienced frequent breakdowns due to in-service fractures of torsion springs that support the weight of an overhead electric pickup assembly. Scanning electron microscopy and metallographic examinations determined that the fractures stemmed from electric arc damage. Intergranular quench cracks in the transformed untempered martensite on the surface of the spring provided crack initiations that propagated during operation causing fatigue fracture.
Metallurgical Failure Analysis of Various Implant Materials Used in Orthopedic Applications
Authors: Aksakal B. , Yildirim O.S. , Gul H.
Published: January 2020

Metallurgical SEM analysis provides many insights into the failure of biomedical materials and devices. The results of several such investigations are reported here, including findings and conclusions from the examination a total hip prosthesis, stainless steel and titanium compression plates, and hollow spinal rods. Some of the failure mechanisms that were identified include corrosive attack, corrosion plus erosion-corrosion, inclusions and stress gaps, production impurities, design flaws, and manufacturing defects. Failure prevention and mitigation strategies are also discussed.
Avoidable MIC-Related Failures
Authors: Olszewski Albert M.
Published: January 2020

Six cases of failure attributed to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) were analyzed to determine if any of the failures could have been avoided or at least predicted. The failures represent a diversity of applications involving typical materials, primarily stainless steel and copper alloys, in contact with a variety of liquids, chemistries, and substances. Analytical techniques employed include stereoscopic examination, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), temperature and pH testing, and metallographic analysis. The findings indicate that MIC is frequently the result of poor operations or improper materials selection, and thus often preventable.
Dealloying of a Nickel–Aluminum Bronze Impeller
Authors: Olszewski Albert M.
Published: January 2020

A brackish water pump impeller was replaced after four years of service, while its predecessor lasted over 40 years. The subsequent failure investigation determined that the nickel-aluminum bronze impeller was not properly heat treated, which made the impeller susceptible to aluminum dealloying. The dealloying corrosion was exacerbated by erosion because the pump was slightly oversized. The investigation recommended better heat treating procedures and closer evaluation to ensure that new pumps are properly sized.
Failure and Stress Analysis of Deformed Steel Tube
Authors: Khan A. Nusair , Rauf M. Mudassar , Salam I. , Khan S.H.
Published: January 2020

A deformed steel tube was received for failure analysis after buckling during a heat-treat operation. The tube was subjected to various metallurgical tests as well as nondestructive testing to confirm the presence of residual stresses. The microstructure of the tube was found to be homogenous and had no banded structure. However, x-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of up to 6% retained austenite which likely caused the tube to buckle during the 910 °C heat treating procedure.