bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduced Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Enpp1 Mutant Mice with Hypercementosis
Authors: Wolf M. , Ao M. , Chavez M.B. , Kolli T.N. , Thumbigere-Math V. , Becker K. , Chu E.Y. , Jäger A. , Somerman M.J. , Foster B.L.
Published: March 2018

Previous studies revealed that cementum formation is tightly regulated by inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), a mineralization inhibitor. Local PPi concentrations are determined by regulators, including ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1), which increases PPi concentrations by adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis. Orthodontic forces stimulate alveolar bone remodelling, leading to orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). To better understand how disturbed mineral metabolism and the resulting altered periodontal structures affect OTM, we employed Enpp1 mutant mice that feature reduced PPi and increased cervical cementum in a model of OTM induced by a stretched closed-coil spring ligated between the maxillary left first molar and maxillary incisors. We analyzed tooth movement, osteoclast/odontoclast response, and tooth root resorption by micro–computed tomography, histology, histomorphometry, and immunohistochemistry. Preoperatively, we noted an altered periodontium in Enpp1 mutant mice, with significantly increased periodontal ligament (PDL) volume and thickness, as well as increased PDL-bone/tooth root surface area, compared to wild-type (WT) controls. After 11 d of orthodontic treatment, Enpp1 mutant mice displayed 38% reduced tooth movement versus WT mice. Molar roots in Enpp1 mutant mice exhibited less change in PDL width in compression and tension zones compared to WT mice. Root resorption was noted in both groups with no difference in average depths, but resorption lacunae in Enpp1 mutant mice were almost entirely limited to cementum, with 150% increased cementum resorption and 92% decreased dentin resorption. Osteoclast/odontoclast cells were reduced by 64% in Enpp1 mutant mice, with a predominance of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)–positive cells on root surfaces, compared to WT mice. Increased numbers of TRAP-positive cells on root surfaces were associated with robust immunolocalization of osteopontin (OPN) and receptor-activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). Collectively, reduced response to orthodontic forces, decreased tooth movement, and altered osteoclast/odontoclast distribution suggests Enpp1 loss of function has direct effects on clastic function/recruitment and/or indirect effects on periodontal remodeling via altered periodontal structure or tissue mineralization.
Predictive Prognostic Value of Tissue-Based MicroRNA Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Troiano G. , Mastrangelo F. , Caponio V.C.A. , Laino L. , Cirillo N. , Lo Muzio L.
Published: March 2018

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common type of cancer characterized by a low survival rate, mostly due to local recurrence and metastasis. In view of the importance of predicting tumor behavior in the choice of treatment strategies for OSCC, several studies have attempted to investigate the prognostic value of tissue biomarkers, including microRNA (miRNA). The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between miRNA expression and survival of OSCC patients. Studies were identified by searching on MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Quality assessment of studies was performed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data were collected from cohort studies comparing disease-free survival and overall survival in patients with high miRNA expression compared to those with low expression. A total of 15 studies featuring 1,200 OSCC samples, predominantly from Asia, met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Poor prognosis correlated with upregulation of 9 miRNAs (miR-21, miR-455-5p, miiR-155-5p, miR-372, miR-373, miR-29b, miR-1246, miR-196a, and miR-181) and downregulation of 7 miRNAs (miR-204, miR-101, miR-32, miR-20a, miR-16, miR-17, and miR-125b). The pooled hazard ratio values (95% confidence interval) related to different miRNA expression for overall survival and disease-free survival were 2.65 (2.07–3.39) and 1.95 (1.28–2.98), respectively. The results of this meta-analysis revealed that the expression levels of specific miRNAs can robustly predict prognosis of OSCC patients.
Dynamic analysis of European organic agricultural areas in the context of sustainable development
Authors: Duguleană Liliana , Bălăşescu Marius , Duguleană Constantin , Bălăşescu Simona , Neacşu Nicoleta Andreea , Dovleac Lavinia
Published: March 2018

The aim of this research was to analyze changes in the size of the European organic agricultural areas between 2000 and 2014 and assess the factors that influenced and differentiated EU member states in this context. The analyses showed the development potential of the EU countries for extension of organic agricultural areas in a comparative manner, based on their future economic development capacities. The article used two multivariate statistical methods, principal components analysis and multiple regression method, to establish and assess the influence of the main factors that contributed to changes in the size of national organic areas. The main factors in 2014 were the European financing for agriculture and rural development, and the migration phenomenon.
Temporal and spatial variations in annual rainfall distribution in Erbil province
Authors: Karim Tariq H , Keya Dawod R , Amin Zahir A
Published: March 2018

This study aimed to determine the best fit probability distribution of annual maximum rainfall using data from nine stations within Erbil province using different statistical analyses. Nine commonly used probability distribution functions, namely Normal, Lognormal (LN), one-parameter gamma (1P-G), 2P-G, 3P-G, Log Pearson, Weibull, Pareto, and Beta, were assessed. On the basis of maximum overall score, obtained by adding individual point scores from three selected goodness-of-fit tests, the best fit probability distribution was identified. Results showed that the 2P-G distribution and LN distribution were the best fit probability distribution functions for annual rainfall for the region. The analysis of annual rainfall records in Erbil city spanning from 1964 to 2013, covering three periods, also revealed significant temporal changes in the shape and scale parameter patterns of the fitted gamma distribution. Based on the reliable annual rainfall data in the region, the shape and scale parameters were then regionalized, hence it is possible to find the parameter values for any desired location within the study area. The Mann–Kendall test results indicated that there was a decreasing trend in rainfall over most of the study area in recent decades.
A simulation–optimization approach for a multi-period, multi-objective supply chain with demand uncertainty and an option contract
Authors: Heidary M Hajian , Aghaie A , Jalalimanesh A
Published: March 2018

One of the main challenges in global procurement problems is the uncertainty in the demand and supply sides of supply chains. Besides, decision making in the stochastic supply chains is a complex problem. A powerful technique for decision analysis in complex stochastic problems is simulation. In this paper we propose a simulation-based optimization approach to solve a bi-objective (profit and service level) supply chain with uncertain customer demands and disruption events in the suppliers. The basic assumptions used in this paper are adopted from the multi-period newsvendor problem. In addition, based on the risk attitude of the buyers (retailers), to cope with the uncertainties, they can sign an option contract, reserving additional capacity in the secondary suppliers. Hence, a simulation approach is used to model the behavior (risk attitude) of the buyers. Indeed, because of the demand uncertainty, at the beginning of each contract period, buyers should decide on the amount of ordering from the primary suppliers. The risk attitude of the retailer (as a spectrum) is defined based on the amount of ordering from the primary supplier. Also, we use the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm to optimize the bi-objective model. Finally, a numerical example has been solved with the proposed algorithm and the results are reported. The results showed that if the profit is more important than service level, the risk sensitive retailer prefers to show more risk averse behavior.
News Media’s Democratic Functions in Public Education: An Analysis of Newspaper Framings of Public School Closures
Authors: Bierbaum Ariel H.
Published: March 2018

Many school districts have closed public schools, despite opposition. The controversial nature of closures has inspired extensive newspaper coverage. This article addresses two questions: How do newspaper media frame public school closures? To what extent does this coverage fulfill media’s democratic functions? I examine coverage of school closures in 13 cities between 2005 and 2013. Across coverage of pre-closure catalysts, decision-making processes, and anticipated impacts, newspapers foster a conflictual framing, reducing plural meanings of schools to dichotomous arguments. This analysis reveals how media do not maximize their democratic functions and raises questions about newspapers’ influence in education policy making.
Changing the code? Norm contestation and US antipreneurism in cyberspace
Authors: Lantis Jeffrey S , Bloomberg Daniel J
Published: March 2018

Cyberspace appears to offer limitless possibilities for collaboration and economic opportunity in the twenty-first century, but cyber-attacks, breaches of privacy, and security threats also have become commonplace. In the face of these challenges, a number of governments have been locked in debates over the future of cyberspace governance, including the Russian Republic, the People’s Republic of China, and the United States. This study examines the ongoing contestation of the international normative architecture for cyberspace, with a focus on the United States’ role as a norm ‘antipreneur’, seeking to defend the status quo multi-stakeholder norm for a more open Internet from entrepreneurial efforts by Russia and China to establish multilateral governance with ‘cyber-sovereignty’. Drawing on recent advances in constructivist theory, the study explores antipreneurial strategies to contest efforts by entrepreneurs to introduce new norms, as well as implications for norm development and change. Process tracing is employed to examine cyberspace governance debates. The study concludes by discussing prospects for an International Code of Conduct for Cyberspace, as well as theoretical and political implications of antipreneurship in modern norm contestations.
Accidental primacy: balancing and the path to power
Authors: Tierney Dominic
Published: March 2018

Why did states fail to balance against the United States after the end of the Cold War? Scholars have neglected an important dynamic: the accidental nature of America’s rise to primacy. The United States became the sole superpower not by deliberately increasing its capabilities but due to the unexpected collapse of its rival, the USSR. The case illustrates that a state’s responsibility for its gains in power can vary significantly, with important consequences for subsequent balancing. Active or deliberate power increases tend to produce more balancing than passive power increases because they signal aggressive intentions, alter the dyadic power balance between the rising state and potential balancers, and trigger loss aversion.
Stress and coping of police officers in the South African Police Service
Authors: Wassermann Ariami , Meiring Deon , Becker Jurgen Renier
Published: March 2018

Working in the police service can be physically and emotionally demanding. Officers use various coping methods to deal with the stressors. The main aim of this study was to investigate which coping responses are used most by police officers in the South African Police Service and to investigate how the prevalence of these coping responses changes over time. A longitudinal approach was used where data were collected at three different points in time. The final sample ( n = 120) was used for this study. The results indicate that police officers predominantly use planful problem-solving, positive reappraisal, and confrontive coping to deal with their daily stress. Planful problem-solving and positive reappraisal are seen as adaptive ways of dealing with stress, while the outcomes of confrontive coping are context dependent. The coping responses of seeking social support, escape avoidance, and accepting responsibility were used less frequently. The results indicate that coping styles change over time as police officers accepted significantly less responsibility, made less use of confrontive coping, and relied more on planful problem-solving, positive reappraisal, and escape avoidance. The findings of this study have important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of stress of active police officers. It is recommended that interventions such as emotional competence training be used to reinforce and refresh positive coping strategies to enhance the emotional well-being of police officers.
Employee representation and pension fund governance in Australia
Authors: Mees Bernard
Published: March 2018

Representative arrangements are widely employed in the governance of occupational pension funds, particularly in Australia where a sector of jointly employer/employee-sponsored ‘industry funds’ was established during the 1980s. The jointly governed industry funds are privately owned wealth-management businesses and have routinely outperformed the retirement-savings schemes run by the large listed for-profit providers. Seeking to understand why these examples of labourist ‘alternative organisations’ have outperformed more traditionally governed Australian wealth-management firms is the main purpose of this article.
From silos to cells: Reducing repetitive jobs through sociotechnical redesign
Authors: Vermeerbergen Lander , Pless Sam , van Hootegem Geert , Benders Jos
Published: March 2018

Given the negative effects of repetitiveness on employees’ well-being, organisational performance and societal expenditure, it is desirable to reduce the number of repetitive jobs. So far, intervention strategies seeking to reduce the number of such jobs have mainly focused on individual jobs, without taking into consideration that these are embedded in organisational structures. Employee surveys and interviews were collected to measure changes in organisational structures and job repetitiveness in 18 different organisations, which had each participated in a sociotechnical redesign programme. The findings show that making work units responsible for a complete product or service (i.e. implementing cells), or installing semi-autonomous teams, results in a decreased number of repetitive jobs. This study underlines the impact of interventions in organisational structures on decreasing the number of repetitive jobs, and challenges current intervention strategies.
The relationship between qualitative job insecurity and subjective well-being in Chinese employees: The role of work–family conflict and work centrality
Authors: Hu Sanman , Jiang Lixin , Probst Tahira M , Liu Mingqian
Published: March 2018

The present study investigates how and when qualitative job insecurity influences subjective well-being (i.e., life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect). Specifically, this article examines the mediating role of work–family conflict and the moderating role of work centrality in the association between qualitative job insecurity and subjective well-being. Based on a sample of 500 Chinese employees, the mediating and moderating hypotheses were examined using path analyses and further tested with the bootstrapping method. The results indicated that qualitative job insecurity was negatively related to subjective well-being, and that work–family conflict partially mediated this link (except for positive affect). Surprisingly, the negative effect of qualitative job insecurity on subjective well-being was more pronounced for individuals with low (as opposed to high) work centrality. This study provides preliminary evidence for the spillover effect of qualitative job insecurity on work–family conflict and identifies a group of employees (i.e., those with low work centrality) who may be more vulnerable to the negative effects of qualitative job insecurity on well-being.
When strong unions meet precarious migrants: Building trustful relations to unionise labour migrants in a high union-density setting
Authors: Refslund Bjarke
Published: March 2018

Based on case studies in a fish processing plant and a demolition company, this article shows how strong and institutionally embedded unions interact with migrant workers in a precarious labour market position in order to safeguard their working conditions and organise them. It shows how strong unions are in a good position to include migrant workers and thereby resist labour market segmentation. The strong Danish unions, faced with the serious challenges of intra-European labour migration, have increased their attention and resources devoted to organising migrant workers and including them in the IR model. The dynamic relation between migrant workers and national unions in this high-density setting is discussed, emphasising the need for building a trustful relation between the migrant workers and the unions in order to empower the migrants to better navigate the national labour market and increase the workers’ workplace power vis-a-vis employers.
Querying the Internet as a mnemonic practice: how search engines mediate four types of past events in Russia
Authors: Zavadski Andrei , Toepfl Florian
Published: March 2018

In the digital memories literature, the practice of searching for information – one of the most frequent online activities worldwide – has received comparatively little attention. To fill the gap, this exploratory study asks how search engines affect the representations of the past that they produce in query results. Designed as a single revelatory case study, with a focus on Russia, this article delineates a typology of four types of memory events based on four types of websites dominating search results. For each type of event, we discuss recurring locations and mechanisms of power struggles over competing memory narratives. We conclude that within Russia’s authoritarian context, the mnemonic practice of Internet searching tends to reproduce and reinforce the dominant narratives supported by the ruling elites. Search engine companies are thus only one of several powerful institutions that constitute the social framework within which querying the Internet is pursued as a mnemonic practice. Others include mass media, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and online encyclopaedias.
Tales of strangers/strangers’ tales
Authors: Stavreva Kirilka
Published: March 2018

This essay is a comparative study of Tzvetan Todorov’s concept of barbarity as performed in Cheek by Jowl’s 2004 stage production of Othello and Ivan Mladenov’s film adaptation of the play (2008), set in a Bulgarian prison and featuring inmates cast according to crime. The two productions share a minimalist aesthetic at odds with the play’s spectacular qualities. The theatre production incites an acute discomfort with narratives of barbarity imposed upon the manipulated bodies of the play’s Others; in the film, criminal ‘barbarians’ are cinematically aestheticized and ennobled through their Shakespearean roles, imbuing with dignity their own self-narratives.
Use of Severity Grades to Characterize Histopathologic Changes
Authors: Schafer Kenneth A. , Eighmy John , Fikes James D. , Halpern Wendy G. , Hukkanen Renee R. , Long Gerald G. , Meseck Emily K. , Patrick Daniel J. , Thibodeau Michael S. , Wood Charles E. , Francke Sabine
Published: March 2018

The severity grade is an important component of a histopathologic diagnosis in a nonclinical toxicity study that helps distinguish treatment-related effects from background findings and aids in determining adverse dose levels during hazard characterization. Severity grades should be assigned based only on the extent (i.e., amount and complexity) of the morphologic change in the examined tissue section(s) and be clearly defined in the pathology report for critical lesions impacting study interpretation. However, the level of detail provided and criteria by which severity grades are assigned can vary, which can lead to inappropriate comparisons and confusion when evaluating pathology results. To help address this issue, a Working Group of the Society of Toxicologic Pathology’s Scientific and Regulatory Policy Committee was formed to provide a “points to consider” article on the assignment and application of pathology severity grades. Overall, the Working Group supports greater transparency and consistency in the reporting of grading scales and provides recommendations to improve selection of diagnoses requiring more detailed severity criteria. This information should enhance the overall understanding by toxicologic pathologists, toxicologists, and regulatory reviewers of pathology findings and thereby improve effective communication in regulatory submissions.
In Vitro Susceptibility of Ciprofloxacin‐Resistant Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus to Ototopical Therapy
Authors: Walker David D. , David Michael Z. , Catalano Dominic , Daum Robert , Gluth Michael B.
Published: March 2018

Objective

Despite the rising incidence of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) otologic infections, choice of treatment remains controversial. Only fluoroquinolone‐containing ototopical preparations are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for middle ear application. Furthermore, American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation guidelines advocate ototopical monotherapy for both tympanostomy tube otorrhea and acute otitis externa. Unfortunately, MRSA may be ciprofloxacin resistant. This causes confusion regarding antibiotic selection, because susceptibility profiles reflect a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), referenced against systemic, not ototopical, drug delivery dosing. The goal of this study is to determine the ciprofloxacin MIC for ciprofloxacin‐resistant MRSA isolates from otologic infections and compare that value to the expected drug concentration achieved by fluoroquinolone ear drops and determine MRSA genotype for each isolate.

Study Design

In vitro assay with retrospective medical record review.

Setting

Tertiary care university hospital.

Subjects and Methods

Thirty otologically sourced ciprofloxacin‐resistant MRSA isolates collected from adult and pediatric patients. MICs were calculated by broth dilution method. Isolates underwent multilocus sequence typing and polymerase chain reaction for arcA and Panton‐Valentine leukocidin to establish the genotype.

Results

MICs ranged from 16 to 1025 µg/mL. There was a relationship between MIC and genotype; of the 7 isolates with an MIC value greater than 512 µg/mL, 6 were sequence type (ST)8.

Conclusion

These findings support the practice of ototopical monotherapy for patients with uncomplicated ciprofloxacin‐resistant MRSA otitis externa. However, they raise concern that ototopical therapy may not be adequate to treat highly resistant strains of MRSA infecting the middle ear space.
Routine CT scanning of patients retrieved to a tertiary centre on veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a retrospective risk benefit analysis
Authors: Richmond Kate M. , Warburton Katharine G. , Finney Simon J. , Shah Sachin , Reddi Benjamin A.J.
Published: March 2018

Introduction:

Comprehensive clinical examination can be compromised in patients on veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO). Adjunctive diagnostic imaging strategies range from bedside imaging only to routine computed tomography (CT). The risk-benefit of either approach remains to be evaluated. Patients retrieved to the Royal Brompton Hospital (RBH) on VV-ECMO routinely undergo admission CT imaging of head, chest, abdomen and pelvis. This study aimed to identify how frequently changes in therapy or adverse events could be attributed to routine CT scanning.

Methods:

Demographic and clinical data were gathered retrospectively from patients retrieved to RBH on VV-ECMO (January 2014-2016). Scans were categorized as ‘routine’ or requested to clarify a specific clinical uncertainty. Clinical records were reviewed to identify attributable management changes and CT- related adverse events. Seventy-two patients were retrieved on VV-ECMO (median age 44 years) and 65 scanned on admission (mean radiation dose 2344mGy-cm). Routine head CT head yielded novel clinical information in 11 patients, 10 of whom had unexpected intracranial haemorrhage and, subsequently, had their anticoagulation withheld. Routine thoracic CT identified unexpected positive findings in three patients (early fibrosis, pulmonary vasculitis, pneumomediastinum), eliciting management variation in one (steroid administration). Routine abdomen/pelvis CT identified new information in three patients (adrenal haemorrhage, hepatosteatosis, splenic infarction), changing the management in one (withholding anticoagulation).

Results:

CT scanning was not associated with consequential adverse events (e.g. accidental decannulation, gas entrainment into the circuit, hypoxia, hypotension). Median transfer/scan time was 78 minutes, requiring five ITU staff-members. In our cohort, a policy of routine head CT changed the management in 17% of patients; the yield from routine chest, abdomen and pelvis CT was modest. CT transfer was safe, but resource intensive.

Conclusion:

Prospective studies should evaluate whether routine CT impacts outcome.
Assessment of the content reporting for therapeutic exercise interventions among existing randomized controlled trials on knee osteoarthritis
Authors: O’Neil Jennifer , McEwen Daniel , Del Bel Michael J , Jo Donguk , Thevenot Odette , MacKiddie Olivia S , Brosseau Lucie
Published: March 2018

Purpose/Rationale:

Physical exercise interventions for the management of knee osteoarthritis are well known to be effective and accessible forms of rehabilitation and symptom management. However, without adequate reporting of these interventions, accurate replication and clinical use is negatively impacted.

Objectives:

The main objective of this article was to assess content reporting using The Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template list and 2016 American College of Sports Medicine guidelines among moderate- to high-quality exercise interventions randomized controlled trials (total score of ≥6/10 on the PEDro scale) involving individuals with knee osteoarthritis.

Results:

The Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template mean total score for all 47 included randomized controlled trials was 4.42 out of 19, demonstrating generally low quality of reporting. The Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template list and the 2016 American College of Sports Medicine guidelines scores were moderately correlated (based on 95% confidence interval, intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.508) for aerobic interventions only.

Conclusion:

The content analysis of exercise interventions in knee osteoarthritis demonstrated low scores for moderate- to high-quality trials. Improved standardized reporting is recommended to ensure knowledge transfer and replication of effective exercise programs for individuals with knee osteoarthritis.
Early Indication of Reading Difficulty? A Descriptive Analysis of Emergent Literacy Skills in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Fleury Veronica P. , Lease Erin M.
Published: March 2018

In this pilot study, we describe emergent literacy skills and factors related to literacy for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A total of 38 parents and their children ( n = 18 with ASD; n = 20 typically developing) participated in this study. Our analyses revealed great variability in emergent literacy performance across the ASD sample, with many children demonstrating strengths in code-focused skills combined with difficulties with focused-meaning skills. Moderate to strong correlations were found between emergent literacy skills and indices of communication and cognition for the children with ASD. Although we did not detect overall group differences in parental beliefs related to literacy, moderate to robust relationships were identified between parental attitudes about literacy and various child developmental indices. Implications for the nature and timing of intervention and future research directions are discussed in light of these findings.
Social Support, Education Levels, and Parents’ Involvement: A Comparison Between Mothers and Fathers of Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Sharabi Adi , Marom-Golan Dafna
Published: March 2018

Parental involvement plays a critical role in the development of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and can promote children’s developmental and educational outcomes. This study aimed to compare mothers and fathers of children with ASD’s social support and education levels in relation to their level of involvement. Participants included 107 parents (61 mothers, 46 fathers) of children with ASD aged 2 to 7 years. Three instruments measured parents’ involvement, formal and informal social support, and education levels. As hypothesized, mothers reported higher levels of involvement than fathers, which related to their informal support (non-formal relatives), while fathers reported receiving greater formal support than mothers. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed unique gender differences in the predictors of parental involvement. For example, parental education positively predicted involvement only among fathers. Practical implications for services and child–family interventions are discussed.
Decision Criterion and Value of Information Analysis: Optimal Aspirin Dosage for Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Basu Anirban , Meltzer David
Published: March 2018

Background. In value of information (VOI) calculations, such as the expected value of perfect information (EVPI), partial perfect information (EVPPI), sample information (EVSI) or implementation (EVIM), the maximum expected value criterion defines the decision making criterion for the adoption of decisions for treatments. However, because decision makers are often risk averse, the uncertainty that accompanies a decision problem may influence adoption decisions. Methods. VOI estimates were studied based on 2 alternate decision making criteria: 1) maximum expected value and 2) 95% credible intervals. These criteria were applied to a probabilistic minimal lifetime model of incident cardiovascular events and mortality among target patients comparing 2 daily doses of aspirin (81 mg and 325 mg). Model parameters were based on literature reviews and data analyses. Results. Expected life-years under 81 v. 325 mg of aspirin were estimated to be 14.86 (SE, 0.10) and 14.72 (0.31) respectively, with a difference of 0.14 (0.29). The probability that 81 mg was optimal was estimated to be 67%. Under Decision Criterion 1, EVIM and EVPI were about 233-thousand and 411-thousand years, respectively. Under Criterion 2, EVIM was undefined, as there remains ambiguity about what to implement. Consequently, EVPI becomes the entire 644-thousand years. Also, under Criterion 1, EVSI reaches an asymptote at a sample size of 10,000 per arm, with minimal gains in value beyond a 5,000 person per arm trial. With Criterion 2, a sample size of 10,000 per arm or higher is substantially more valuable than lower sample sizes. Conclusion. Alternative decision criteria for treatment adoption change the VOI. Decision criteria should be justified for VOI analyses. If multiple criteria may be relevant, analysts should complete VOI estimates using multiple criteria.
Evaluation of risk factors for false-negative results with an antigen-specific peripheral blood-based quantitative T cell assay (T-SPOT®.TB) in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis: A large-scale retrospective study in China
Authors: Yang Chi , Zhang Shaojun , Yao Lan , Fan Lin
Published: March 2018

Objective

To investigate the diagnostic efficacy of an interferon-γ release assay, T-SPOT®. TB, for diagnosing active tuberculosis (TB) and to identify risk factors for false-negative results.

Methods

This retrospective study enrolled consecutive patients with active TB and with non-TB respiratory diseases to evaluate the risk factors for false-negative results when using the T-SPOT®. TB assay for the diagnosis of active TB. Patients with active TB were categorized as having confirmed pulmonary TB, clinically diagnosed pulmonary TB or extrapulmonary TB (EPTB).

Results

This study analysed 4964 consecutive patients; 2425 with active TB and 2539 with non-TB respiratory diseases. Multivariate logistic regression analyses identified the following five factors that were all associated with an increased false-negative rate with the T-SPOT®. TB assay: increased age (odds ratio [OR] 1.018; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.013, 1.024); decreased CD8+ count (OR 0.307; 95% CI 0.117, 0.803); negative sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear staining (OR 1.821; 95% CI 1.338, 2.477); negative mycobacterial cultures (OR 1.379; 95% CI 1.043, 1.824); and absence of EPTB (OR 1.291; 95% CI 1.026, 1.623).

Conclusions

Increased age, decreased CD8+ count, negative sputum AFB smear results, negative sputum mycobacterial cultures and absence of EPTB might lead to an increased false-negative rate when using the T-SPOT®. TB assay.
Emotional working memory in patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Li Mi , Feng Lei , Liu Xingwang , Zhang Ming , Fu Bingbing , Wang Gang , Lu Shengfu , Zhong Ning , Hu Bin
Published: March 2018

Objective

This study was performed to examine the working memory (WM) encoding and retrieval abilities in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and determine whether a mood-congruent memory effect is present.

Methods

The modified Sternberg WM paradigm with positive, negative, and neutral emotional pictures was used to investigate the WM abilities of 26 patients with MDD and 26 healthy controls (HCs).

Results

No significant difference in picture WM was found between the MDD and HC groups; however, the accuracy of picture position WM was significantly lower and the response time was significantly longer in the MDD than HC group, regardless of the picture or position WM. Additionally, in the MDD group, the accuracy of negative picture/position WM was significantly higher than that of positive picture/position WM.

Conclusions

These results suggest that in patients with MDD, spatial WM impairment was more severe than object WM. In addition, these patients’ WM retrieval was impaired, resulting in a decrease in WM retrieval ability, which may be an important cause of the slow thought in patients with MDD. Moreover, patients with depression have a mood-congruent memory effect, which may be an important factor in the occurrence and maintenance of depression.
Localized ridge augmentation in the anterior maxilla using titanium mesh, an alloplast, and a nano-bone graft: a case report
Authors: Alagl Adel S , Madi Marwa
Published: March 2018

Alveolar ridge deficiency is considered a major limitation for successful implant placement, as well as for the long-term success rate, especially in the anterior maxillary region. Various approaches have been developed to increase bone volume. Among those approaches, inlay and onlay grafts, alveolar ridge distraction, and guided bone regeneration have been suggested. The use of titanium mesh is a reliable method for ridge augmentation. We describe a patient who presented with a localized, combined, horizontal and vertical ridge defect in the anterior maxilla. The patient was treated using titanium mesh and alloplast material mixed with a nano-bone graft to treat the localized ridge deformity for future implant installation. The clinical and radiographic presentation, as well as relevant literature, are presented.
Association of low penetrance vitamin D receptor Tru9I (rs757343) gene polymorphism with risk of premenopausal breast cancer
Authors: Iqbal Mehir un Nisa , Maqbool Syed Amir , Khan Taseer Ahmed
Published: March 2018

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine whether a novel polymorphism ( Tru9I) in the low penetrance vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene is associated with risk of premenopausal breast cancer (BC).

Methods

This case-control study included 228 patients with BC and 503 healthy women living in Pakistan who were analyzed for the VDR Tru9I (rs757343) single nucleotide polymorphism. BC cases were histopathologically confirmed, and all healthy controls were age-matched with patients (age range, 20–45 years). DNA was extracted, and the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism assays were performed.

Results

The VDR Tru9I polymorphism was not significantly associated with premenopausal BC. However, the risk of BC was associated with the ‘uu’ genotype (odds ratio [OR], 1.141; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.206–6.317). Further, mutant Tru9I was significantly associated with Grade IV carcinoma (OR, 5.36; 95% CI, 1.181–24.338).

Conclusion

The VDR Tru9I ‘uu’ genotype may increase the risk of premenopausal BC.
A Central-Place Model as a Two-Level Location–Allocation System
Authors: Kohsaka Hiroyuki
Published: March 2018

One of the critical problems in the attempt to construct central-place models in terms of the location-allocation problem is to optimize the overall system by combining retailer and consumer behaviours; and this problem is solved by use of a two-level control system. In this system, suboptimization problems are individually solved and consumer behaviour is controlled at the community level, and the location of central facilities is determined at the city level to maximize demand within the city. This model is applied to a city consisting of twelve communities, and the optimum location pattern of central facilities for three orders of functions are determined.
De-icing of wind turbine blades by light
Authors: Lytvynenko Yuri M
Published: March 2018

One of the problems of wind energy development is the icing of blades of wind turbines. The devices for melting ice on the surface of blades of wind turbines with the use of external light sources in the form of mirrors, a paraboloid mirror, and a system of projectors are proposed. Simple economical mobile devices use renewable solar energy or a small amount of standard electrical energy.
Who is Interested in Carpooling and Why: The Importance of Individual Characteristics, Role Preferences and Carpool Markets
Authors: Park Yujin , Chen Na , Akar Gulsah
Published: March 2018

Carpooling is an informal form of commuter ride-sharing that can mitigate traffic congestion and parking demand. While ride-sharing and carpool formation require both a driver and at least one passenger, there has been a lack of studies that explore potential users of carpooling and their role preferences (driver versus passenger); perceived incentives, attitudes and current mode choices may affect their willingness to carpool and their role preferences. This study examined the factors affecting individuals’ carpooling decisions and carpool role preferences using data from Ohio State University’s 2012 Campus Travel Pattern Survey. Based on individuals’ stated interests and choices, three market segments were identified: current carpool users, potential carpool users, and not-interested commuters. The analyses revealed that incentives and deterrents to carpooling significantly differ by role preference. People favoring the passenger role emphasized safety, flexibility and parking cost-savings, whereas those favoring the driver role tended to find value in the convenience and opportunities for socializing through a carpool trip. People receptive to both roles emphasized flexibility and all types of cost reductions. Although most people did not elect technological aids as a meaningful intervention, potential carpool users, particularly those favoring the passenger role, were more likely to seek these aids. Using probit and bivariate probit regressions, carpool interest and choice were found to be associated with commute distance, university affiliation, marital status, current travel mode, and personal attitude. Concern for the environment, and the propensity to make stops while commuting were positively associated with both carpooling interest and decision to carpool.
Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation for Bipolar Chondral Lesions in the Tibiofemoral Compartment
Authors: Ogura Takahiro , Bryant Tim , Mosier Brian A. , Minas Tom
Published: March 2018

Background:

Treating bipolar chondral lesions in the tibiofemoral (TF) compartment with cartilage repair procedures is challenging, and a suitable treatment remains unclear.

Purpose:

To evaluate clinical outcomes after autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) for the treatment of bipolar chondral lesions in the TF compartment.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

We evaluated 57 patients who underwent ACI for the treatment of symptomatic bipolar chondral lesions in the TF compartment by a single surgeon between October 1995 and June 2014. One patient did not return for follow-up. Thus, 56 patients (58 knees) were included with a minimum of 2 years’ follow-up. A mean of 3.1 lesions per knee were treated, representing a mean total surface area of 16.1 cm2 (range, 3.2-44.5 cm2) per knee. Bipolar lesions were present in the medial compartment (32 knees) and in the lateral compartment (26 knees). Patients were evaluated with the modified Cincinnati Knee Rating Scale, visual analog scale for pain, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, and Short Form–36. Patients also answered questions regarding self-rated knee function and satisfaction with the procedure. Standard radiographs were evaluated with the Kellgren-Lawrence grading system.

Results:

The survival rate was 80% at 5 years and 76% at 10 years. A significantly better survival rate was found in patients with the use of a collagen membrane than periosteum (97% vs 61% at 5 years, respectively; P = .0014). Of 46 knees with retained grafts, all functional scores significantly improved postoperatively, with a very high satisfaction rate (91%) at a mean of 8.3 ± 5.1 years (range, 2-20 years) after ACI. At last follow-up, 24 of 46 successful knees were radiographically assessed (mean, 5.5 ± 4.0 years [range, 2.0-18.7 years]) and showed no significant osteoarthritis progression ( P = .3173). Outcomes for 12 patients were considered as failures at a mean of 4.1 years. Of these, 9 patients were converted to partial or total knee arthroplasty at a mean of 4.4 years. Two patients underwent revision ACI at 5 and 17 months. The other 1 patient did not require revision surgery.

Conclusion:

Our study showed that ACI for the treatment of bipolar chondral lesions in the TF compartment provided successful clinical outcomes in patients with retained grafts and possibly prevented or delayed osteoarthritis progression at midterm to long-term follow-up. A collagen membrane is more encouraging than periosteum for bipolar lesions in the TF compartment. While addressing the predisposing factors affecting cartilage repair, ACI could be an adequate salvage procedure for bipolar chondral lesions in the TF compartment for the relatively young arthritic patient who wishes to avoid arthroplasty.
Effects of Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome on Quality of Life and Economic Outcomes
Authors: Mather Richard C. , Nho Shane J. , Federer Andrew , Demiralp Berna , Nguyen Jennifer , Saavoss Asha , Salata Michael J. , Philippon Marc J. , Bedi Asheesh , Larson Christopher M. , Byrd J.W. Thomas , Koenig Lane
Published: March 2018

Background:

The diagnosis and treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) have increased steadily within the past decade, and research indicates clinically significant improvements after treatment of FAI with hip arthroscopy.

Purpose:

This study examined the societal and economic impact of hip arthroscopy by high-volume surgeons for patients with FAI syndrome aged <50 years with noncontroversial diagnosis and indications for surgery.

Study Design:

Economic and decision analysis; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

The cost-effectiveness of hip arthroscopy versus nonoperative treatment was evaluated by calculating direct and indirect treatment costs. Direct cost was calculated with Current Procedural Terminology medical codes associated with FAI treatment. Indirect cost was measured with the patient-reported data of 102 patients who underwent arthroscopy and from the reimbursement records of 32,143 individuals between the ages of 16 and 79 years who had information in a private insurance claims data set contained within the PearlDiver Patient Records Database. The indirect economic benefits of hip arthroscopy were inferred through regression analysis to estimate the statistical relationship between functional status and productivity. A simulation-based approach was then used to estimate the change in productivity associated with the change in functional status observed in the treatment cohort between baseline and follow-up. To analyze cost-effectiveness, 1-, 2-, and 3-way sensitivity analyses were performed on all variables in the model, and Monte Carlo analysis evaluated the impact of uncertainty in the model assumptions.

Results:

Analysis of indirect costs identified a statistically significant increase of mean aggregate productivity of $8968 after surgery. Cost-effectiveness analysis showed a mean cumulative total 10-year societal savings of $67,418 per patient from hip arthroscopy versus nonoperative treatment. Hip arthroscopy also conferred a gain of 2.03 quality-adjusted life years over this period. The mean cost for hip arthroscopy was estimated at $23,120 ± $10,279, and the mean cost of nonoperative treatment was estimated at $91,602 ± $14,675. In 99% of trials, hip arthroscopy was recognized as the preferred cost-effective strategy.

Conclusion:

FAI syndrome produces a substantial economic burden on society that may be reduced through the indirect cost savings and economic benefits from hip arthroscopy.
Oxidative Stress: The Effect of Erythropoietin and the Dialysis Membrane
Authors: Eiselt J. , Racek J. , Opatrný K.
Published: March 2018

Dialysis patients run the risk of impaired antioxidative defense and increased free radicals (FR) production. The study was made in order to compare FR-related parameters in ten patients treated with erythropoietin (EPO+) and ten patients not subject to this treatment (EPO–). All patients showed stable hemoglobin levels at > 95 g/L. FR-related parameters were monitored during hemodialysis (HD) using a polysulfon (PS) or a hemophan (H) membrane for 12 of them (6 EPO+ a 6 EPO–). The EPO– group was found to have a higher activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD, 1160 + 218 vs; 882 + 125 IU/gHb, p<0.01) and a higher SOD/glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) ratio compared with EPO+ (30.5 ±7.1 vs; 21.2 + 4.8, p<0.01). A total of 35 healthy volunteers were also examined. When compared with controls EPO– showed higher SOD (p<0.001), lower GSHPx (p<0.05) and a higher SOD/GSHPx ratio (p<0.001). Thiobarbituric acid reacting substances in EPO+ and EPO– were comparable with the levels found in controls. HD using H as well as PS membranes was associated with a decrease in erythrocyte glutathione levels (GSH after 30 minutes; also for H after HD). HD using H and PS membranes resulted in a decrease in the plasma antioxidant capacity (AOC). We can conclude that the intraerythrocyte antioxidant conditions of EPO+ patients are similar to those found in the general population and differ from those in EPO– exhibiting increased SOD and the SOD/GSHPx ratio. HD using the H as well as the PS membrane is accompanied by oxidative stress. (Int J Artif Organs 2000; 23: 33–40)