bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tributação da economia digital por meio de IVA/IBS: desafios e soluções
Authors: Rocha Melina
Published: March 2021

O presente artigo analisa os desafios e soluções para tributação de transações da economia digital por meio de IVA - Imposto sobre o Valor Adicionado, também conhecido por IBS – Imposto sobre Bens e Serviços. Na primeira parte, o artigo demonstra que o IVA ainda é o melhor imposto para tributar as transações realizadas por meio da economia digital e apresenta os principais desafios que a tributação pelo IVA tem enfrentado no cenário internacional com relação a estas transações. A segunda parte aborda os modelos de tributação de serviços e intangíveis fornecidos por não-residentes, tais como as regras de inscrição e recolhimento pelo fornecedor não-residente e o mecanismo de cobrança reversa. Por fim, a última parte trata da questão da tributação das plataformas digitais por meio do IVA.
A retórica dos tribunais e a legitimidade da jurisdição constitucional: Brasil e Alemanha em perspectiva comparada
Authors: Reis Isaac
Published: March 2021

Este trabalho trata dos discursos por meio dos quais os tribunais constitucionais se inserem estrategicamente no debate acerca da legitimidade de sua própria jurisdição. Parte do pressuposto de que a tensão política entre cortes e parlamentos é uma característica própria dos sistemas jurídicos que possuem constituições rígidas e controle judicial de constitucionalidade feita por um órgão não eleito. Busca-se, utilizando uma metodologia intitulada Análise Empírico-Retórica do Discurso, traçar os perfis dessa atuação em uma decisão importante do Supremo Tribunal Federal brasileiro e outra do Tribunal Constitucional Federal alemão. As conclusões mostram que ambos os tribunais utilizam discursos retóricos em defesa da própria legitimidade, ainda que no Supremo Tribunal Federal predominem estratégias do tipo ethos e noTribunal Constitucional Federal alemão, prevaleçam as estratégias do tipo logos. Ao final, o trabalho tenta compreender as razões dessa diferença, apontando para a necessidade de novas pesquisas sobre o tema.
Results of studying the azimuthal anisotropy of the Paleozoic basement with VSP technique at the Bystrovka vibroseismic test site
Authors: Gorshkalev S. B. , Karsten W. V.
Published: March 2021

At present due to depletion of reserves in the majority of Western Siberia oil and gas fields, with reservoirs mainly related to lower Cretaceous and Jurassic section interval, the basement intervals present primary scientific and practical interest for prospecting and exploration. At the Bystrovka vibroseismic test site (Novosibirsk region), the Paleozoic basement occurs at depth of about 10 m. This allowed investigating its elastic properties with shallow seismic technique using VSP. Results of these investigations are presented in the present paper.
γ-Valerolactone as a promising solvent and basic chemical product. Catalytic synthesis from components of vegetable biomass
Authors: Taran O. P. , Sychev V. V. , Kuznetsov B. N.
Published: March 2021

γ-Valerolactone (GVL), which is a valuable chemical compound and a platform molecule, is considered as an intermediate product for the synthesis of chemical compounds with high added value, components of motor fuels and biopolymers. GVL is successfully used as an environmentally friendly solvent, fuel additive, fragrance and food additive. This review summarizes recent advances in the development of catalytic methods for the production of GVL from levulinic acid (LA), alkyl levulinates (AL), carbohydrates and vegetable polymers. Particular attention is paid to heterogeneous catalysts based on metals and metal oxides, which are more promising for practical application. The proposed mechanisms of processes are considered in detail, and prospects of using hydrogen-donor solvents in the production of GVL are discussed. Catalysts with the best catalytic performance were compared in terms of their productivity, which is an important parameter for industrial catalysis.
Prediction of Dengue Fever Cases in Malang City using a Neural Network Model
Authors: Sigit Nanta , Ayu P K Ida
Published: March 2021

Dengue fever has been declared endemic in many cities of Indonesia, one of them being the Malang City. In 2015, the incidence of dengue fever in the region was recorded at 1,629 with 13 deaths. There are many factors that contribute to the disease. The factors associated with dengue-fever transmission include population density, population mobility, quality of housing and attitude of life. However, the factors that can trigger dengue fever are environmental in nature, and include changes in temperature, humidity and rainfall, which cause mosquitoes to lay eggs more often and facilitates a rapid reproduction of the dengue virus. Parasites and disease carriers (mosquitoes) are very sensitive to climatic factors, especially temperature, rainfall, humidity, water levels and wind. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a suitable model for forecasting dengue fever in Malang City based on the Transfer Function and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Data used were dengue fever data from 2004 to 2019. The results showed that the smallest RMSE, MAPE and SMAPE values of the two models were ANN models.
Keywords: Artificial Neural Network (ANN), transfer function, dengue fever
The Effectiveness of Emo-Demo in Increasing the Knowledge and Attitudes in Mother Who Do Not Provide Exclusive Breastfeeding in the Working Area of Cisadae Public Health Center in Malang
Authors: . Supriyadi , Katmawanti Septa , Firdausi Rosyada , Aflah Samah Dea
Published: March 2021

The worldwide rate of exclusive breastfeeding is <40%. In Indonesia, only 42% of babies were exclusively breastfed for first six months by 96% of women (2013). Breast milk plays a vital role for both mother and baby. In 2018, the exclusive breastfeeding rate in East Java was 40%, which is far from the target set at 80%. The rate of exclusive breastfeeding is relatively higher in rural than in urban areas with a ratio of 57.22:54.77%. Meanwhile, in Malang, particularly in the Cisadea Public Health Center area, in 2019, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding was 64.8%. The knowledge and attitude of women are closely related to their behaviour towards exclusive breastfeeding. One way to increase the practice of exclusive breastfeeding is Emotional-Demonstration (Emo-Demo) education. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Emo-Demo exclusive breastfeeding to increase the knowledge and attitudes of mothers who do not exclusively breastfeed in the working area of the Cisadea Public Health Center. The study used a pre-experimental research with one-group pre–post-test design. Data from the Wilcoxon signed rank test on maternal knowledge obtained an Asymp Sig (2-tailed) value of 0.011 and maternal attitude of 0.000. So, it can be concluded that the Emo-Demo method is effective in increasing the knowledge and attitude of mothers towards exclusive breastfeeding.
Keywords: demo, exclusive breastfeeding, knowledge, attitude
A NEXUS BETWEEN HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS AND WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT: A CASE STUDY OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
Authors: Batool Hafsa , Anwar Mumtaz , Asghar Nabila , Rehman Hafeez Ur , Kamal Asifa
Published: March 2021

Purpose of the study: The empowerment of women is an important aim for them to be fully engaged in economic life and to achieve sustainable growth worldwide. One form of empowerment is to provide women with basic facilities.

Methodology: The study also analyzed the impact on women's empowerment by primary data taken via multi-phase cluster sampling methods of household socio-economic and cultural characteristics in Punjab. Given the diversity of nature and context, the 6-dimensional empirical polychoric principles of empowering women generate a stringent cumulative index of women's autonomy.

Main Findings: The empirical findings show that empowering women and their six-dimensional effects are positive for women's years and jobs, legal advertisements, health care institutions, social participation, safe, smooth surroundings, communication, politics and residential negative participation, unpaid housekeeping, and the fear of violence. The results show that women's empowerment is positive.

Applications of this study: This study can be more effective in the manner that to offer women free advice about their rights through electronic media, the government should establish an integrated legal cell with the local government.

Novelty/Originality of this study: This research contribution in the field of women empowerment that how women can deal with legal advisory, to get jobs, protection in health and institutions.
Analyzing Attitude towards COVID-19 Vaccine in the Context of the Health Industry: The Role of Country of Origin Image
Authors: AYDIN Kenan , ÖZER Ece , KÖSE Gizem
Published: March 2021

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate individuals’ attitude towards the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine, and explain vaccination intention in the framework of the theory of reasoned action. The study extends the theory of reasoned action with country of origin image variable.
Material and Methods: The data of the study were collected by survey method. The survey consists of a total of 48 items, including individual innovativeness, subjective norms, attitude towards COVID-19 vaccine, intention to get COVID-19 vaccine, country of origin image, demographic characteristics, and general opinions about the vaccine and COVID-19. 333 participants answered the surveys. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling using SPSS v.21 and AMOS v.23 package programs.
Results: Attitude towards German COVID-19 vaccine (β=0.888, p<0.001) and German’s country of origin (β=0.436, p<0.001) variables have significant and positive relationships with intention to get German vaccine. Subjective norms (β=0.750, p<0.001), China’s country of image (β=0.265, p<0.001), attitude towards Chinese COVID-19 vaccine (β=0.198, p<0.001), variables have significant and positive relationships with intention to get Chinese COVID-19 vaccine. Country of origin image is significantly and positively related to both attitude towards German COVID-19 vaccine (β=0.690, p<0.001) and Chinese COVID-19 vaccine (β=0.461, p<0.001).
Conclusion: The most important factor associated with the intention to get German COVID-19 vaccine is the attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccine. The most important factor associated with the intention to get Chinese COVID-19 vaccine is the subjective norm. Country of origin image is a significant variable for both countries.
Modern Wooden Coffins – A Biography of Things
Authors: Majorek Magdalena
Published: March 2021

This paper discusses the issue of a biography of a coffin from the perspective of biographical events common to many modern artefacts from the Polish territory. The aim was to identify past and present functions by determining the life cycle of a coffin: from its manufacturing (determination of its manufacturer and recipient; manufacturing techniques; the shape; the size; ornamentation) through ‘participation’ in a funeral ceremony, including transportation of the dead to the church, viewing, inhumation, the period of ‘concealment’, to its revival (e.g. as a museum exhibit). It was determined that at each stage of its ‘life’, the coffin served informative and protective purposes. Additionally, at the stage of its revival, it serves an important verification and identification function from the perspective of researchers in the field. Moreover, preservation of individual burials in coffins and crypts promotes sacral tourism; coffins in the church space have enormous exhibition potential that can be used to build a national and local community.
Functional Analysis of Garments in 18th Century Burials from St. Michael’s Crypt in Vienna, Austria
Authors: Grömer Karina , Ullermann Michael
Published: March 2021

The Michaelergruft in Vienna (St. Michael’s crypt), Austria, is located near the imperial palace Vienna and has been used between 1560 and 1784 by the local nobility of the city center in Vienna. The inventory of a large number of coffins has been preserved due to favorite environmental conditions, it offers the possibility to study specific details about the funeral customs of the 17th and 18th century in Central Europe. Selected burials dating to the 18th century from the Michaelergruft serve as case studies for developing new theoretical and methodological approaches in investigating the textiles and garments found in the coffins.

Garments found in crypts usually are analysed due to costume history, aspects of conservation and preparation. Also textile analysis and modern analytical methods are applied to the material. In discussing the garments from St. Michael’s crypt, questions about the interpretation of the costume arise such as if they are “normal” daily life (or festivy) garments or specific funeral costumes. In the following paper criteria are discussed which enable to distinguish between “functional garments” worn also in daily life, “adapter garments” (daily life clothing that has been re-sewn, cut or altered to be used as garment for the dead), and “funeral costumes” that have been deliberately made.
SMART GRID UNTUK EFISIENSI KONSUMSI LISTRIK PADA PROSES PRODUKSI DI INDUSTRI MANUFAKTUR
Authors: Pramudhita Agung Nugroho , Mawangi Puteri Ardista Nursisda
Published: March 2021

Listrik sebagai sumber utama daya digunakan mulai dari pemenuhan kebutuhan harian dalam rumah sampai perindustiran. Di Indonesia kebutuhan listrik dipenuhi oleh PLN. Pelayanan PLN yang sering memadamkan listrik bergilir dan terkadang tanpa pemberitahuan menimbulkan kerugian yang besar pada Industri. Energi listrik harus dihasilkan melalui pembangkit listrik/power plants (PLN di Indonesia).  atau pembangkit dari energi terbarukan (tenaga angin, tenaga matahari, dll). Kemudian didistribusikan ke industri, pemukiman penduduk dan kebutuhan umum. Untuk mengatur distribusi itu diperlukan control center yang mengaplikasikan Smart Grid. Teknologi Smart Grid yang menjadi perhatian sekarang difokuskan pada pengembangan metode menganalisis dan memvisualisasikan kumpulan data yang diolah. Smart Grid terdiri atas 3 unsur penting, yakni teknologi informasi, telekomunikasi dan tenaga listrik. Ketiga unsur tersebut bekerja sama untuk memungkinkan adanya komunikasi 2 arah antara utility company seperti PLN dengan konsumen. Konsep Smart Grid sudah diimplememtasikan jauh sebelum Indonesia mengenal Smart Grid. Terbukti sukses di negara maju dan memungkinkan untuk diimplementasikan di Indonesia
Exercise Experiences and Barriers Among Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Vang Chia , Cuevas Sergio , Graf Noreen , Marini Irmo
Published: March 2021

Purpose

To explore exercise experiences and beliefs related to barriers among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods

Seventy-four participants were recruited from a hospital, an independent living center, and online support groups. The Exercise Experiences and Spinal Cord Injury (EESCI) instrument included three scales to assess beliefs and experiences related to exercise participation.

Results

Our study found 80% of participants do not currently engage in competitive exercise or sports, however 48.6% do participate in noncompetitive sports. Most participants found it difficult to gather up motivation and allocate time to exercise. Also, 52% of participants who visited fitness centers reported no availability of accessible exercise equipment and access for wheelchair users. T-tests and ANOVA analyses were conducted to compare group means between demographic variables. Results indicated the perceived barriers among persons with SCI regarding lack of personal resources/finances, beliefs about fitness center accessibility regarding equipment, and perceived negative attitudes held by fitness center employees and customers.

Conclusion

Recommendations regarding how rehabilitation counselors can best work with clients on these issues including advocacy, counseling strategies, and future research directions are discussed.
An Overview of Orthodontic Functional Analysis
Authors: AKSOY Alev , ABDULHUSSEİN Zaid
Published: March 2021

Functional analysis is mainly concerned with the functional units of the masticatory system. Given the gradual development and indirect accumulative effect of occlusal disharmonies, functional analysis could be considered the only method that can demonstrate malocclusions and their possible connections with functional disturbances and disorders. Thus, analysis of the functional units of the stomatognathic system should follow the clinical examination of the various components of the craniofacial complex in static and dynamic relationship, to achieve a comprehensive orthodontic treatment. Assessment of the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) is one of the major elements of the functional analysis, and one of the long-term objectives of orthodontic treatment is to obtain an optimal function and health of the TMJs and masticatory system. Therefore, many studies discuss the condition of the TMJs in the pre- and post-treatment phases, regarding the disorders that may be present or will develop in the future. In this context, the objective of this literature overview is to explain the need of the functional analysis in modern orthodontics and the parts and components involved in the examination of the functional units of the stomatognathic system.
On Methodological Approaches to Modeling the Quality of Life
Authors: Shamaeva Ekaterina
Published: March 2021

In recent decades, it has become obvious that an ecological catastrophe is rapidly approaching civilization and the continued existence and development of mankind depends on it. It has long been understood in society that environmental factors affect the standard and quality of life of the population. Modeling the relationship of this influence is an interdisciplinary task that requires the removal of a number of methodological restrictions. Among them: effective data collection and monitoring, the choice of a measurement system, "noisiness" of data. The purpose of the work is to analyze the current state of methodological foundations and choose a method for building a model of the relationship of quality of life with components of the structure of quality of life of the population. Today, various systems of formalized description of the quality of life are proposed at the global level: the human development index, the environmental-economic accounting system, the real progress index and the sustainable economic well-being index, the happiness index, the quality of life index according to the Economist Intelligence Unit, the Sustainable Society Index. The modern stage of research on the problem of modeling the level and quality of life is represented by intercountry and interregional comparisons using a developed mathematical apparatus. The work presents general and methodological problems of quality of life research; analysis and selection of methods for solving problems of modeling the relationship of components and indicators of the level and quality of life of the population. The following are considered: methods of multicriterial evaluation, methods of multipurpose mathematical programming, statistical methods, methods of dynamic modeling, methods of simulation modeling. It is shown that in order to solve the applied problems of building a model of level and quality of life, it is advisable to use multidimensional statistical methods, where the initial necessary stage is the procedure of data conversion by standardizing (normalizing) data, namely, bringing all variables involved in the construction of an integral indicator to a single unified scale.
Vía negativa (daño e injusticia)
Authors: Thiebaut Carlos
Published: March 2021

En los últimos decenios diversos autores han ido acudiendo a la noción de una vía negativa para referirse al lugar que las experiencias y los procesos de negatividad tienen en la conformación de los sistemas normativos. En términos usuales, esa negatividad se define como injusticia y la sugerencia, entonces, es que existiría una primacía, o bien genética o bien hermenéutica, de esas percepciones y experiencias de injusticia sobre las nociones y sistemas normativos en los que se definen y plasman qué sea la justicia. Se tratará aquí de establecer un primer esbozo de un mapa teórico en el que se ubica la intuición de la primacía de lo negativo a la hora de comprender las dimensiones éticas, políticas y jurídicas de los procesos y de los sistemas sociales. A la vista de las distintas propuestas que cabe subsumir bajo esta rúbrica, y a veces corrigiéndolas, se argumentará que la vía negativa es un recurso hermenéutico al que acuden las reconstrucciones teóricas tanto como los agentes sociales mismos para la comprensión de los procesos de génesis de ideas prácticas y de normas, de sus quiebras, resistencias y reformulaciones y al que se acude también para articular programas o propuestas puedan formularse como justos y aceptables. En términos más descriptivos, la vía negativa fijaría su atención en los procesos de denuncia, resistencia u oposición a un régimen normativo dado, bien sea en formas de revolución o de acción colectiva reformadora, bien sea como expresión de acciones individuales de disidencia y de desobediencia.
Bienestar
Authors: Sánchez Madrid Nuria
Published: March 2021

La valoración de un término intrínsecamente polisémico como es el de bienestar que aquí se propone pretende evidenciar de la mano de tres enfoques suficientemente amplios y dispares la importancia que los presupuestos conceptuales adoptados poseen para la definición del término analizado. Por un lado, presentaré un mapa de los abordajes éticos y cercanos a la filosofía de la mente y a desarrollos analíticos de las emociones que dan cuenta de la dimensión subjetiva imprescindible del bienestar, al visibilizar su conexión con la historicidad del deseo. Esto mismo permite afirmar asimismo que el término bienestar no se vuelve cuestión de interés social y político en cualesquiera épocas, sino que acompaña a una configuración epocal de la subjetividad, que a partir del siglo XX exige la satisfacción con medios públicos de demandas que giran en torno a la consecución universal de una tranquilidad material que facilite la emancipación con respecto a toda forma de explotación y opresión. Por otro lado, me ocuparé de presentar la perspectiva de Martha C. Nussbaum, que aconseja que las sociedades democráticas de fondo liberal adopten ciertas emociones para mejorar la cohesión del cuerpo civil y hacer de la reivindicación de bienestar general una exigencia sustantiva de la racionalidad práctica. Finalmente, me desplazaré a la mirada cruzada de Axel Honneth y Nancy Fraser, pues pone de manifiesto –a pesar de sus discrepancias internas acerca de la prioridad del eje del reconocimiento o de la redistribución– que, a pesar de la intensa vinculación que el bienestar mantiene con la subjetividad de los individuos, su materialización depende palmariamente de la incorporación por parte de los Estados de agendas públicas conscientes de la necesidad de combatir el hambre, la pobreza, la precariedad, el desprecio y las diferentes dimensiones de la opresión social. Sin un enfoque combinado de todas estas dimensiones difícilmente podría configurarse una teoría sostenible acerca del bienestar, consciente de la bipolaridad formal y material de las tareas a las que debe hacer frente con vistas a su materialización social progresiva y efectiva en sociedades diversas, pero igualmente enmarcadas en un marco cultural neoliberal.
Vulnerabilidad
Authors: Liedo Belén
Published: March 2021

La idea de vulnerabilidad está cada vez más presente en documentos normativos, jurídicos y éticos, de diversa índole. La literatura académica relativa al concepto es reciente y aún está en proceso de consolidación. En términos generales, se puede distinguir entre dos corrientes: la primera, que reflexiona sobre la «vulnerabilidad ontológica», compartida por todos los seres humanos; y la segunda, sobre la «vulnerabilidad social» o «situacional», generada en determinadas situaciones de injusticia u opresión específicas. En este artículo se presenta una aproximación general al uso del concepto de vulnerabilidad y a las versiones más destacadas de las últimas décadas. Asimismo, se reflexiona sobre la relación de la vulnerabilidad con tres ideas éticas clave: autonomía relacional, responsabilidad y cuidado. Se hace hincapié en la vertiente práctica de la reflexión, relativa al diseño de políticas públicas y otras herramientas de gobernanza democrática.
Cultura política (concepto e imaginarios sociales)
Authors: Escribano Roca Rodrigo
Published: March 2021

La entrada ofrece un itinerario complementario al trabajo de Andrea Greppi, abordando la categoría de ‘cultura política’ desde la teoría de la historia, la historiografía intelectual, los análisis de los imaginarios sociales, los estudios de los nacionalismos y la historia internacional. En primer lugar, se ofrecerá un excurso sobre su adopción en la historiografía y los estudios culturales, acompañándolo con una definición sintética del término. Luego se procederá a evaluar sus virtudes epistémicas, exponiendo sus aplicaciones en la historiografía reciente y las ventajas epistemológicas que ha comportado. Más adelante, la entrada incorporará tres secciones propositivas. La primera postulará relacionar la categoría con el estudio de las ideologías políticas y los imaginarios sociales, como vía para delimitar las escalas de los actores grupales analizables. La segunda ofrecerá un modelo heurístico para optimizar el análisis de las culturas políticas en base a su relación con la categoría de  ‘conciencia histórica’. Finalmente, se valorarán las potencialidades que ofrecen las relaciones entre el concepto abordado y dos campos de tanta relevancia como los estudios sobre el nacionalismo y la teoría de las relaciones internacionales.
Derecho, objetividad y corrección en la teoría jurídica de Alfonso Ruiz Miguel. Comentario a Alfonso Ruiz Miguel, Cuestiones de principios: entre política y Derecho
Authors: Arango Rodolfo
Published: March 2021

Este artículo reseña: Alfonso Ruiz Miguel, Cuestiones de principios: entre política y Derecho, Madrid, 2020, Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales, Madrid, 615 pp.
Marginalidad de la democracia. Comentario a Alfonso Ruiz Miguel, Cuestiones de principios: entre política y Derecho
Authors: Barberis Mauro , Sauca, trad. José María
Published: March 2021

Este artículo reseña: Alfonso Ruiz Miguel, Cuestiones de principios: entre política y Derecho, Madrid, 2020, Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales, 615 pp.
Razonando Cuestiones de principios (Respuesta a mis críticos)
Authors: Ruiz Miguel Alfonso
Published: March 2021

Este artículo es la respuesta del autor a las reseñas de su libro: Alfonso Ruiz Miguel, Cuestiones de principios: entre política y Derecho, Madrid, 2020, Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales, publicadas en Eunomía. Revista en Cultura de la Legalidad. Nº 20 (2021)
Jesús Ignacio Delgado, Víctima y el derecho a la no discriminación por diversidad afectivo-sexual
Authors: García García David
Published: March 2021

Este artículo reseña: Jesús Ignacio Delgado, Víctima y el derecho a la no discriminación por diversidad afectivo-sexual. Valencia, Tirant lo Blanch, 2020, 98 pp.
Global Environmental Security: Position of Developing Countries
Authors: Rogozhina N.
Published: March 2021

The author examines the stand of developing countries on global environmental problems: the Earth ozone layer preservation; hazardous waste removing; biodiversity preservation; climate change prevention. The environmental diplomacy effectiveness in the context of a “green” development is evaluated in the article, prospects of the "green" development idea advanced by countries of the North and substant risks for countries of the South resulting from this initiative are examined.
Turkey’s Foreign Policy: Winds of Change
Authors: Nadein-Raevskii V.
Published: March 2021

The article deals with a swing in the domestic and foreignl policy of the Republic of Turkey, brought about by a social development paradigm shift. The substitution of a Nationalist orientation for the Islamist one, though with a Modernist incline, may lead to a fragmentation of the country, because such shift must call a violent actualization of persistent problems in the new national-state structure.
Cambio de uso de la tierra en la amazonía peruana mediante algoritmos de inteligencia artificial
Authors: Rubin de Celis Ethel , Burga Zoila Aurora Cruz , Rosot Nelson Carlos , Corte Ana Paula Dalla , Araki Hideo
Published: March 2021

La investigacion tiene como objetivo analizar el mejor modelo de clasificación supervisada de imágenes satelitales para determinar el cambio de uso de la tierra entre los algoritmos Support Vector Machine (SVM) y Boosting para la Amazonía peruana. El distrito de Nueva Requena y diferentes zonas de la cuenca amazónica, enfrentan en la actualidad un alarmante cambio de cobertura forestal y cambio de uso de la tierra, generándose importantes cambios en los procesos ambientales. Se utilizó imágenes satelitales de Sentinel-2A, con longitudes de onda en el rango espectral del visible y dos algoritmos robustos: Support Vector Machine (SVM) y el algoritmo Boosting o árboles de decisión. Se realizaron 25 clasificaciones supervisadas con dichos algoritmos y diferentes insumos de las imágenes satelitales. El mejor modelo  de cambio de uso de la tierra resultó de la clasificación del año 2016 con el algoritmo Boosting y para el año 2018 se realizó con algoritmo Support Vector Machine (SVM), luego mediante el algebra de mapa resultó el cambio de uso de la tierra. Este modelo presentó el menor error de clasificación de 22.7%, la validación se realizó con imágenes de alta resolución PERUSAT-1 para el año 2018 e imágenes Google Earth para el año 2016 proporcionando un índice Kappa de 0.606 y el porcentaje correctamente clasificado (PCC) de 86.10% para el año 2016 y el índice Kappa de 0.560 y el porcentaje correctamente clasificado (PCC) de 82.30% para el año 2018 demostrando la fuerza de concordancia considerable y moderada respectivamente.
Aporte de nutrientes em diferentes compartimentos de Eucalipto no sul do Tocantins
Authors: Coelho Maria Cristina Bueno , Lima Eziele Nathane , Erpen Mauro Luiz , Barilli Juliana , Varavallo Maurilio Antônio , Silva Marcos Vinicius Cardoso , Giongo Marcos
Published: March 2021

A cultura da mandioca apresenta alta relevância socioeconômica para o Brasil. Entretanto, na região oeste a compreensão dos mecanismos da ciclagem de nutrientes de um plantio florestal permite o manejo adequado para colheita da madeira ou outros produtos sem que haja danos futuros ao solo, por isso, este estudo objetivou avaliar o conteúdo nutricional nos compartimentos solo, serrapilheira, folha e casca em plantio de Eucalyptus spp. no sul do Estado do Tocantins com idade de 7 anos, sendo os clones:  VM 58 (cruzamento de E. camadulensis x E. urophylla) e o clone GG100 (cruzamento do E. urophylla x E. grandis). Também foram avaliadas áreas a partir de sementes híbridas de E. urophylla x E. grandis todas no município de Aliança do Tocantins. Foram analisados os macronutrientes ( N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B ) e os micronutrientes ( Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn) e estimando a biomassa aérea total por meio de equações alométricas. O E. urophylla x E. grandis via seminal apresentou maior biomassa aérea com 24,08 t.ha-1, e o  menor rendimento de biomassa foi obtido pelo clone VM 58 com 13,09 t.ha-1. A representatividade média em ordem decrescente para biomassa aérea para ambos as espécies de eucaliptos foi: fuste (55%) >serrapilheira (29%) > folhas (16%). O solo obteve maiores valores para K e Fe porém não diferiu em ambos os nutrientes. As folhas obtiveram maior concentração para N e Mn, enquanto na serrapilheira somente os macronutrientes destacaram.
Evaluation of green microalgae isolated from central and north coast of Sao Paulo as source of oil
Authors: Matsudo Marcelo Chuei , Sant´Anna Célia Leite , Pérez-Mora Lina Susana , Silva Roberta Claro da , Carvalho João Carlos
Published: March 2021

Microalgae strains, newly isolated from freshwater in mangrove areas of Central and North Coasts of Sao Paulo State (Brazil), were evaluated regarding total protein and lipid content, and fatty acids profile. The biochemical composition was compared with that observed in strains obtained by UTEX Culture Collection (USA). Among seven identified green algae, Monoraphidium contortum (CCMA-UFSCar-701) presented the highest lipid content (43.60%), close to that observed in Botryococcus braunii (UTEX-2441; 48.85%). Protein content in isolated strains varied in the range of 13.90~23.60%. Finally, the most abundant fatty acids were palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), and y-linolenic acid (C18:3).Chlorella vulgaris (CCMA- UFSCar-704) may be highlighted for its high linoleic acid content (49%). On the other hand, Elakatothrix sp (CCMA- UFSCar-702) and Scenedesmus obliquus (UTEX-B2630) presented the highest content of oleic acid (41% and 43%, respectively), which is preferable for oils to be used as feedstock for biodiesel.
The Pharmacological Tails of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors
Authors: Das Nabangshu , Benko Colette , Gill Sean E. , Dufour Antoine
Published: March 2021

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been demonstrated to have both detrimental and protective functions in inflammatory diseases. Several MMP inhibitors, with the exception of Periostat®, have failed in Phase III clinical trials. As an alternative strategy, recent efforts have been focussed on the development of more selective inhibitors or targeting other domains than their active sites (e.g., exosites, ectosites) through specific small molecule inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies. Here, we present some examples that aim to better understand the mechanisms of conformational changes/allosteric control of MMPs functions. In addition to MMP inhibitors, we discuss unbiased global approaches such as proteomics and N-terminomics to identify new MMP substrates and achieve a better understanding of the roles of these proteases in diseases.
The Nerves to Conduct a Multiple Sclerosis Crime Investigation
Authors: Chopra Sameeksha , Myers Zoe , Sekhon Henna , Dufour Antoine
Published: March 2021

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory neurodegenerative autoimmune disease characterized by aberrant infiltration of immune cells into the central nervous system (CNS) and by the loss of myelin. Sclerotic lesions and various inhibitory factors hamper remyelination processes within the CNS. MS patients typically experience gradual cognitive and physical disabilities as the disease progresses. The etiology of MS is still unclear and emerging evidence suggests that microbiome composition could play a much more significant role in disease pathogenesis than was initially thought. Initially believed to be isolated to the gut microenvironment, we now know that the microbiome plays a much broader role in various tissues and is essential in the development of the immune system. Here, we present some of the unexpected roles that the microbiome plays in MS and discuss approaches for the development of next-generation treatment strategies.
Multiscale Very-High Resolution Topographic Models in Alpine Ecology: Pros and Cons of Airborne LiDAR and Drone-Based Stereo-Photogrammetry Technologies
Authors: Guillaume Annie S. , Leempoel Kevin , Rochat Estelle , Rogivue Aude , Kasser Michel , Gugerli Felix , Parisod Christian , Joost Stéphane
Published: March 2021

The vulnerability of alpine environments to climate change presses an urgent need to accurately model and understand these ecosystems. Popularity in use of digital elevation models (DEMs) to derive proxy environmental variables has increased over the past decade, particularly as DEMs are relatively cheaply acquired at very high resolutions (VHR; <1m spatial resolution). Here, we implement a multiscale framework and compare DEM-derived variables produced by Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and stereo-photogrammetry (PHOTO) methods, with the aims of assessing their relevance and utility in species distribution modelling (SDM). Using a case study on the arctic-alpine plant Arabis alpina in two valleys in the western Swiss Alps, we show that both LiDAR and PHOTO technologies can be relevant for producing DEM-derived variables for use in SDMs. We demonstrate that PHOTO DEMs rivalled the accuracy of LiDAR, putting the current paradigm of LiDAR being the more accurate of the two methods into question. We obtained DEMs at spatial resolutions of 6.25cm-8m for PHOTO and 50cm-32m for LiDAR, where we determined that the optimal spatial resolutions of DEM-derived variables in SDM were between 1 and 32m, depending on the variable and site characteristics. We found that the reduced extent of PHOTO DEMs altered the calculations of all derived variables, which had particular consequences on their relevance at the site with heterogenous terrain. However, for the homogenous site, we found that SDMs based on PHOTO-derived variables generally had higher predictive powers than those derived from LiDAR at matching resolutions. From our results, we recommend carefully considering the required DEM extent to produce relevant derived variables. We also advocate implementing a multiscale framework to appropriately assess the ecological relevance of derived variables, where we caution against the use of VHR-DEMs finer than 50cm in such studies.
What is the Shape of Geographical Time-Space? A Three Dimensional Model made of Curves and Cones
Authors: L’Hostis Alain , Abdou Farouk
Published: March 2021

We propose a geographical time-space model extending time-space relief cartography introduced by Mathis and L’Hostis [,,,]. The novelty of the model resides in the use of cones to describe the terrestrial surface instead of graph faces, and in the use of curves instead of broken segments for edges. The approach lies a the intersection of two domains involving graphic representation: cartography, and three dimensional computer graphics. We implement the model on the Chinese space. The Chinese geographical time-space of the reference year 2006 is produced by the combination and the confrontation of the fast air transport system and of the 7.5 times slower road transport system. Slower, short range flights are represented as curved lines above the earth surface with longer length than the geodesic, in order to account for a slower speed. The very steep slope of cones expresses the relative difficulty of crossing terrestrial time-space, as well as the comparably extreme efficiency of long-range flights for moving between cities. Finally, the whole image proposes a coherent representation of the geographical time-space where fast city to city transport is combined with slow terrestrial systems that allow to reach any location.
Postharvest Treatment with Methyl Jasmonate Impacts Lipid Metabolism in Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Grape) at Different Ripening Stages
Authors: Rivero Meza Silvia Leticia , de Castro Tobaruela Eric , Benedetti Pascoal Grazieli , Louro Massaretto Isabel , Purgatto Eduardo
Published: March 2021

Application of exogenous jasmonate can stimulate the production of ethylene, carotenoids and aroma compounds, resulting in the acceleration of fruit ripening. These alterations improve fruit quality and make fruit desirable for human consumption, but overripening of a fruit results in large losses of fruit crops. In order to overcome this problem, 1-methylcyclopropene was ap-plied to the fruits due to its capacity to block the receptors of ethylene, resulting in the sup-pressed of fruit ripening. In this study, treatments only with 1-methylcyclopropene, and with both 1-methylcyclopropene and methyl jasmonate was conducted to observe if an exogenous methyl jasmonate can improve the levels of metabolites in their fruits with ethylene receptors blocked. Fruits were analyzed at 4, 10 and 21 day after harvest (DAH) and compared with the no treated fruits. The postharvest treatments affected primary metabolites (sugars, organic acids, amino acids and fatty acids) and secondary metabolites (carotenoids, tocopherols and phytoster-ols). However, the lipid metabolism of the tomato was the most impacted by the exogenous jasmonate. Fatty acids, carotenoids, tocopherols and phytosterols showed a delay in their pro-duction at 4 and 10 DAH. In contrast, at 21 DAH these non-polar metabolites exhibited an im-portant improvement in their accumulation.
Modelling Sediment Retention Services and Soil Erosion Changes in Portugal: A Spatio-Temporal Approach
Authors: Marques Susana M. , Campos Felipe S. , David João , Cabral Pedro
Published: March 2021

Soils provide important regulating ecosystem services and have crucial implications for human well-being and environmental conservation. However, soil degradation and particularly soil erosion jeopardize the maintenance and existence of these services. This study explores the spatio-temporal relationships of soil erosion to understand the distribution patterns of sediment retention services in mainland Portugal. Based on Corine Land Cover maps from 1990 to 2018, the InVEST Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) model was used to evaluate the influence of sediment dynamics for soil and water conservation. Spatial differences in the sediment retention levels were observed within the NUTS III boundaries, showing which areas are more vulnerable to soil erosion processes. Results indicated that the Region of Leiria, Douro and the coastal regions have decreased importantly sediment retention capacity over the years. However, in most of the territory (77.52%) changes in sediment retention were little or not important (i.e., less than 5%). The statistical validation of the model proved the consistency of the results, highlighting the usefulness of this methodology to analyse the state of soil erosion in the country. These findings can be relevant to support strategies for more efficient land use planning regarding soil erosion mitigation practices.
Similarities and Differences in the Learning Profiles of Adolescents with SLD and SLI in Mathematics
Authors: Bonti Eleni , Kamari Afroditi , Sofologi Maria , Giannoglou Sofia , Porfyri Georgia-Nektaria , Tatsiopoulou Paraskevi , Kougioumtzis Georgios , Efstratopoulou Maria , Diakogiannis Ioannis
Published: March 2021

SLI and SLD constitute two autonomous neurodevelopmental disorders, which frequently cause challenges in the diagnosis process, especially due to their nature, which has caused disagreement among clinicians regarding their recognition as separate or overlapping disorders. The objective of the study was to enlighten the path of valid diagnosis and intervention during adolescence when the two disorders change their manifestation and overlap. 200 Greek adolescents (140 boys and 60 girls), 124 already diagnosed with SLD and 76 diagnosed with SLI, 12-16 years old, participated in the study. All participants were assessed in reading, oral and written language and mathematics (mathematical operations and mathematical reasoning) along with IQ testing. In order to determine statistically significant differences, the chi-square test, independent samples t-test, odd ratios and their 95 per cent confidence intervals were implemented. The results revealed that the SLI group presented significantly greater difficulties than SLD in their overall cognitive-mental profile and in most language and mathematical measurements (number concept, executive-procedural part of solving operations and mathematical reasoning). The similarity of the two groups was mainly detected in their deficient metacognitive, metalinguistic and metamnemonic strategies. The research concludes that SLD adolescents managed to overcome their difficulties to a significant degree, while adolescents with SLI still struggle with many learning areas.
Measurement of Continuous Cooling Transformation Curve and High Temperature Mechanical Properties for 12Mn Steel
Authors: Qiu Sheng tao , Wei Jun
Published: March 2021

The dilatometer curves of continuous cooling transformation of 12Mn steel were measured with Formastor-FⅡthermal mechanical simulator．The steel's undercooled austenite phase continuous cooling transformation curves ( CCT curves) were established by means of the dilatometer method and the metallographic-hardness measurement method． The effect of cooling rate on microstructure and hardness of the steel was studied． CCT curve of test steel was simulated by JMatPro. The results show that the Ac1 and Ac3 of the experimental steel are 692 ℃ and 855 ℃ ; the microstructure obtained is made of ferrite，pearlite and bainite．The ferrite transformation and pearlite transformation occur at a slower cooling rate，in which the ferrite is dominant. When the cooling rate is greater than 4.25 ℃ / s bainite transformation happens．As the cooling rate increases，microstructure or grains become finer．The hardness of the tested steel with increasing cooling rate shows a trend of first fast increase and soon decrease．The simulation results are consistent with the measured CCT law. The high temperature mechanical properties of 12mn steel round billet were tested by gleeble-1500d thermal / mechanical simulator. The tensile strength, reduction of area and stress-strain curves of the billet were obtained in the range of 600-1300 ℃.
An Intelligent In-Shoe System for Real-Time Gait Monitoring and Analysis
Authors: Wu Jiaen , Kuruvithadam Kiran , Schaer Alessandro , Stoneham Richie , Chatzipirpiridis George , Awai Chris Easthope , Barry Gill , Martin James , Pané Salvador , Nelson Bradley J , Ergeneman Olgaç , Torun Hamdi
Published: March 2021

The deterioration of gait can be used as a biomarker for ageing and neurological diseases. Continuous gait monitoring and analysis are essential for early deficit detection and personalized rehabilitation. The use of mobile and wearable inertial sensor systems for gait monitoring and analysis have been well explored with promising results in the literature. However, most of these studies focus on the technologies for gait characteristic assessment, few of them have considered the data acquisition bandwidth of the sensing system. Inadequate sampling frequency will sacrifice signal fidelity, thus leading to an inaccurate estimation especially for spatial gait parameters. In this work, we developed an inertial sensor based in-shoe gait analysis system for real-time gait monitoring and investigated the optimal sampling frequency to capture all the information on walking patterns. An exploratory validation study was performed using an optical motion capture system on four healthy adult subjects, where each person underwent five walking sessions, giving a total of 20 sessions. Percentage mean absolute errors (MAE%) obtained in stride time, stride length, stride velocity, and cadence while walking were 1.19%, 1.68%, 2.08%, and 1.23%, respectively. In addition, an eigen-analysis based graphical descriptor from raw gait cycle signals was proposed as a new gait metric that can be quantified by principal component analysis to differentiate gait patterns, which has great potential to be used as a powerful analytical tool for gait disorder diagnostics.