bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cyclophosphamide/fludarabine nonmyeloablative allotransplant for acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Khawaja Muhammad Rizwan , Perkins Susan M. , Schwartz Jennifer E. , Robertson Michael J. , Kiel Patrick J. , Sayar Hamid , Cox Elizabeth A. , Vance Gail H. , Farag Sherif S. , Cripe Larry D. , Nelson Robert P.
Published: October 2014

We compared survival outcomes following myeloablative allotransplant (MAT) or cyclophosphamide/fludarabine (Cy/Flu) nonmyeloablative allotransplant (NMAT) for 165 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in remission or without frank relapse. Patients who received NMAT were more likely to be older and have secondary AML and lower performance status. At a median follow‐up of 61 months, median event‐free survival and overall survival survival were not different between NMAT and MAT in univariate as well as multivariate analyses. Cy/Flu NMAT may provide similar disease control and survival when compared with MAT in patients with AML in remission or without frank relapse. Am. J. Hematol. 90:97–99, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Health‐related quality of life in children with sickle cell anemia: Impact of blood transfusion therapy
Authors: Beverung Lauren M. , Strouse John J. , Hulbert Monica L. , Neville Kathleen , Liem Robert I. , Inusa Baba , Fuh Beng , King Allison , Meier Emily Riehm , Casella James , DeBaun Michael R. , Panepinto Julie A. ,   for the SIT trial investigators
Published: October 2014

The completion of the Multicenter Silent Infarct Transfusion Trial demonstrated that children with pre‐existing silent cerebral infarct and sickle cell anemia (SCA) who received regular blood transfusion therapy had a 58% relative risk reduction of infarct recurrence when compared to observation. However, the total benefit of blood transfusion therapy, as assessed by the parents, was not measured against the burden of monthly blood transfusion therapy. In this planned ancillary study, we tested the hypothesis that a patient centered outcome, health‐related quality of life (HRQL), would be greater in participants randomly assigned to the blood transfusion therapy group than the observation group. A total of 89% (175 of 196) of the randomly allocated participants had evaluable entry and exit HRQL evaluations. The increase in Change in Health, measured as the child's health being better, was significantly greater for the transfusion group than the observation group (difference estimate = −0.54, P ≤ 0.001). This study provides the first evidence that children with SCA who received regular blood transfusion therapy felt better and had better overall HRQL than those who did not receive transfusion therapy. Am. J. Hematol. 90:139–143, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reproducibility of liver iron concentration measured on a biopsy sample: A validation study in vivo
Authors: Urru Silvana Anna Maria , Tandurella Igor , Capasso Mario , Usala Emilio , Baronciani Donatella , Giardini Claudio , Visani Giuseppe , Angelucci Emanuele
Published: October 2014

Determination of liver iron concentration is essential to predict iron related tissue damage and to guide chelation therapy. To assess the reliability of a single biopsy iron concentration determination in representing the whole liver iron concentration, we conducted a prospective study performing two immediately successive liver biopsies from 61 noncirrhotic, iron overloaded thalassemia patients, directing the needle to different direction from the same skin cut. The correlation among sample biopsies was determined by both regression analysis and the Bland–Altman method. The results showed that overall correlation between the two samples was high (Pearson's coefficient of correlation r = 0.970, P < 0.0001; 95% CI 0.951–0.981; R2 = 0.941). To evaluate if sample dimension had an impact on the analysis we analyzed separately biopsy couples were both sample gross weight were ≥1 mg dry weight (n = 16) from the others [one or both had a specimen gross weight <1 mg dry weight (n = 45)]. In the first case, correlation coefficient r was equal to 0.998 (P < 0.0001; 95% CI: 0.995–0.999; R2 = 0.996) while in the latter was 0.960 (P < 0.0001; 95% CI: 0.928–0.977; R2 = 0.921). In no instance second specimen prediction interval was outside the interval implying different prognostic and therapeutic decision if both liver samples gross weight were ≥1 mg dry weight. The Bland–Altman plot analysis showed the same trend observed using Pearson's correlation coefficient in the analyzed sample categories. Hepatic iron concentration determined in “good quality” biopsy specimen (i.e. sample gross weight ≥1 mg dry weight) is a reliable indicator of whole liver iron concentration. Am. J. Hematol. 90:87–90, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Asthma associated with pesticide exposure among women in rural Western Cape of South Africa
Authors: Ndlovu Vuyelwa , Dalvie Mohamed Aqiel , Jeebhay Mohamed F.
Published: October 2014

Background

Few studies have investigated asthma and pesticides among women farm workers in developing countries.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted to investigate the association between pesticides and asthma among rural women (n = 211). Outcome measurements included respiratory symptoms (European Community Respiratory Health Survey questionnaire), immunological status (Phadiatop, serum IgE to mite allergens) and lower airway inflammation (fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels). Exposure variables included self‐reported pesticide exposure and whole blood cholinesterase (ChE).

Results

The prevalence of ocular‐nasal symptoms (ONS), doctor‐diagnosed asthma and current asthma was 24%, 11%, and 6% respectively. ONS was positively associated with re‐entering a sprayed field (OR = 2.97; CI: 0.93–9.50). Asthma symptom score was associated with low ChE (OR = 1.93; CI: 1.09–3.44). Participants with high FeNO (>50 ppb) also had an elevated odds of having low ChE (OR = 4.8; CI: 0.80–28.00).

Conclusion

Pesticide exposure among women farm workers is associated with increased risk of ocular nasal symptoms and an elevated asthma symptom score. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:1331–1343, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Work schedules and 11‐year progression of carotid atherosclerosis in middle‐aged Finnish men
Authors: Wang Aolin , Arah Onyebuchi A. , Kauhanen Jussi , Krause Niklas
Published: October 2014

Objectives

This study investigated the relationship between different work schedules and progression of carotid atherosclerosis, an early indicator of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods

We studied 621 men, aged 42–60 years, in the prospective Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study cohort. Using multivariable regressions adjusting for 22 covariates including total time worked during follow‐up, we evaluated the associations of baseline work schedules with 11‐year progression of ultrasonographically assessed carotid intima‐media thickness (IMT), and their variation by preexisting CVD.

Results

Standard daytime work, weekend shifts, and evening/night/rotating shifts were associated with 31%, 37%, and 33% increases in IMT, respectively. Compared to daytime workers, weekend workers experienced a faster progression of carotid atherosclerosis [relative change ratio (RCR) = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00–1.09)]. This ratio was higher among men who had preexisting CVD.

Conclusions

Weekend shifts, more than standard daytime work, appear to accelerate carotid atherosclerosis progression among middle‐aged Finnish men, especially those with pre‐existing CVD. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:1–13, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Whole exome sequencing identifies a POLRID mutation segregating in a father and two daughters with findings of Klippel–Feil and Treacher Collins syndromes
Authors: Giampietro Philip F. , Armstrong Linlea , Stoddard Alex , Blank Robert D. , Livingston Janet , Raggio Cathy L. , Rasmussen Kristen , Pickart Michael , Lorier Rachel , Turner Amy , Sund Sarah , Sobrera Nara , Neptune Enid , Sweetser David , Santiago‐Cornier Alberto , Broeckel Ulrich
Published: October 2014

We report on a father and his two daughters diagnosed with Klippel–Feil syndrome (KFS) but with craniofacial differences (zygomatic and mandibular hypoplasia and cleft palate) and external ear abnormalities suggestive of Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS). The diagnosis of KFS was favored, given that the neck anomalies were the predominant manifestations, and that the diagnosis predated later recognition of the association between spinal segmentation abnormalities and TCS. Genetic heterogeneity and the rarity of large families with KFS have limited the ability to identify mutations by traditional methods. Whole exome sequencing identified a nonsynonymous mutation in POLR1D (subunit of RNA polymerase I and II): exon2:c.T332C:p.L111P. Mutations in POLR1D are present in about 5% of individuals diagnosed with TCS. We propose that this mutation is causal in this family, suggesting a pathogenetic link between KFS and TCS. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effects of pregnancy on nasal physiology
Authors: Demir Uygar Levent , Demir Bilge Cetinkaya , Oztosun Ege , Uyaniklar Ozlem Ozgun , Ocakoglu Gokhan
Published: October 2014

Background

Nasal congestion that is not present before pregnancy represents a distinct clinical entity called pregnancy rhinitis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical characteristics of nasal physiology over the course of pregnancy.

Methods

The study was conducted with 85 pregnant women and 26 nonpregnant controls. We measured nasal airway patency objectively via acoustic rhinometry (ARM) and anterior rhinomanometry (RMM) and subjectively via the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale in each trimester and compared the results to those of the controls.

Results

The NOSE scores of control and pregnant women showed no difference (p = 0.866). Minimal cross‐sectional area (MCA1; minimal cross sectional area at nasal valve and MCA2; minimal cross sectional area at the level where the head of inferior turbinate is placed) decreased significantly between the first and third trimesters: first trimester 0.37 cm2, third trimester 0.31 cm2. There was no difference between each trimester with regard to total nasal resistance. The correlation analysis between the NOSE score and both total volume and MCA1 in all patients showed no significance (r = −0.10, p = 0.318; r = −0.04, p = 0.654, respectively).

Conclusion

Pregnancy affects nasal physiology adversely and impairs nasal breathing in some women. However, based on the findings of this study, we concluded that this clinical entity may not be considered as a disease without complementary symptoms despite the presence of objective changes in nasal parameters.
Hydrogen Bond Cooperativity and the Three‐Dimensional Structures of Water Nonamers and Decamers
Authors: Pérez Cristóbal , Zaleski Daniel P. , Seifert Nathan A. , Temelso Berhane , Shields George C. , Kisiel Zbigniew , Pate Brooks H.
Published: October 2014

Broadband rotational spectroscopy of water clusters produced in a pulsed molecular jet expansion has been used to determine the oxygen atom geometry in three isomers of the nonamer and two isomers of the decamer. The isomers for each cluster size have the same nominal geometry but differ in the arrangement of their hydrogen bond networks. The nearest neighbor OO distances show a characteristic pattern for each hydrogen bond network isomer that is caused by three‐body effects that produce cooperative hydrogen bonding. The observed structures are the lowest energy cluster geometries identified by quantum chemistry and the experimental and theoretical OO distances are in good agreement. The cooperativity effects revealed by the hydrogen bond OO distance variations are shown to be consistent with a simple model for hydrogen bonding in water that takes into account the cooperative and anticooperative bonding effects of nearby water molecules.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed NH Insertion of Pyridyl Carbenes Derived from Pyridotriazoles: A General and Efficient Approach to 2‐Picolylamines and Imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines
Authors: Shi Yi , Gulevich Anton V. , Gevorgyan Vladimir
Published: October 2014

A general and efficient NH insertion reaction of rhodium pyridyl carbenes derived from pyridotriazoles was developed. Various NH‐containing compounds, including amides, anilines, enamines, and aliphatic amines, smoothly underwent the NH insertion reaction to afford 2‐picolylamine derivatives. The developed transformation was further utilized in a facile one‐pot synthesis of imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines.
Identification and Accurate Size Characterization of Nanoparticles in Complex Media
Authors: Liu Lihong , He Bin , Liu Qian , Yun Zhaojun , Yan Xueting , Long Yanmin , Jiang Guibin
Published: October 2014

We have developed a new method for the identification and accurate size characterization of nanoparticles (NPs) in complex media based on capillary electrokinetic (CE) separation coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). Through mass scanning and Gaussian fitting of electropherogram peaks, we can obtain multidimensional information on chemical compositions, size distributions, and ionic species of multiple NPs in a single run. The results are more accurate than those obtained by using conventional methods. This method provides a powerful tool for investigating polydisperse NP systems and rapid screening of NP‐containing products.
Regioselective Insertion of o‐Carborynes into the α‐CH Bond of Tertiary Amines: Synthesis of α‐Carboranylated Amines
Authors: Zhao Da , Zhang Jiji , Xie Zuowei
Published: October 2014

o‐Carboryne can undergo α‐CH bond insertion with tertiary amines, thus affording α‐carboranylated amines in very good regioselectivity and isolated yields. In this process, the nucleophilic addition of tertiary amines to the multiple bond of o‐carboryne generates a zwitterionic intermediate. An intramolecular proton transfer, followed by a nucleophilic attack leads to the formation of the final product. Thus, regioselectivity is highly dependent upon the acidity of α‐CH proton of tertiary amines. This approach serves as an efficient methodology for the preparation of a series of 1‐aminoalkyl‐o‐carboranes.
State and Fault Estimation For Infinitely Unobservable Descriptor Systems Using Sliding Mode Observers
Authors: Teong Ooi Jeremy Hor , Tan Chee Pin , Ng Kok Yew
Published: October 2014

This paper presents a novel scheme for estimating states and faults for a class of infinitely unobservable descriptor systems using sliding mode observers (SMOs). Treating certain states of the original infinitely unobservable system as unknown inputs results in a reduced‐order system that is infinitely observable. Then by designing the SMO based on the reduced‐order system, state estimation and fault reconstruction is achieved, thus relaxing the infinite observability requirement of the original system. The necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of the original system matrices are also investigated. A simulation example verifies the claims made in this paper.
Nutrition effects on the biofilm immobilization and 3,5‐DNBA degradation of Comamonas testosteroni A3 during bioaugmentation treatment
Authors: Cheng Zhongqin , Meng Xiangxun , Xie Liqun , Xu Hongqing , Li Mengying
Published: October 2014

The survival of inoculated microbes is critical for successful bioaugmentation in wastewater treatment. The influence of readily available nutrients (RANs) on the colonization of two functional bacteria, Pseudomonas putida M9, a strong biofilm‐forming strain, and Comamonas testosteroni A3, a 3,5‐dinitrobenzoic acid (3,5‐DNBA)‐degrading strain, in biofilms was studied with 3,5‐dinitrobenoic acid synthetic wastewater (DCMM) complemented with various ratios of Luria–Bertani broth (LB). With the increase in LB rate, the biofilm biomass was increased, the percentage of gfp‐labeled M9 measured in the mixed culture enhanced, and also M9 became dominant. In laboratory‐scale sequencing batch biofilm reactors, with the increase in 3,5‐DNBA concentration and extension of the running time, the 3,5‐DNBA removal in DCMM wastewater complemented with RANs tended to be more efficient and its removal rates increased gradually over the experimental period. Our study demonstrated that supplementing RANs could be a useful strategy for enhancing colonization of degrading bacteria in wastewater treatment systems.
A Theoretical and Experimental Study of the Effects of Silyl Substituents in Enantioselective Reactions Catalyzed by Diphenylprolinol Silyl Ether
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro , Okamura Daichi , Yamazaki Tatsuya , Ameda Yasuto , Gotoh Hiroaki , Tsuzuki Seiji , Uchimaru Tadafumi , Seebach Dieter
Published: October 2014

The effect of silyl substituents in diphenylprolinol silyl ether catalysts was investigated. Mechanistically, reactions catalyzed by diphenylprolinol silyl ether can be categorized into three types: two that involve an iminium ion intermediate, such as for the Michael‐type reaction (type A) and the cycloaddition reaction (type B), and one that proceeds via an enamine intermediate (type C). In the Michael‐type reaction via iminium ions (type A), excellent enantioselectivity is realized when the catalyst with a bulky silyl moiety is employed, in which efficient shielding of a diastereotopic face of the iminium ion is directed by the bulky silyl moiety. In the cycloaddition reaction of iminium ions (type B) and reactions via enamines (type C), excellent enantioselectivity is obtained even when the silyl group is less bulky and, in this case, too much bulk reduces the reaction rate. In other cases, the yield increases when diphenylprolinol silyl ethers with bulky substituents are employed, presumably by suppressing side reactions between the nucleophilic catalyst and the reagent. The conformational behaviors of the iminium and enamine species have been determined by theoretical calculations. These data explain the effect of the bulkiness of the silyl substituent on the enantioselectivity and reactivity of the catalysts.
Recent Progress in Direct Introduction of Fluorinated Groups on Alkenes and Alkynes by means of CH Bond Functionalization
Authors: Besset Tatiana , Poisson Thomas , Pannecoucke Xavier
Published: October 2014

The direct introduction of fluorine and fluorinated building blocks has recently attracted a lot of attention and particularly the direct functionalization of alkenes and alkynes. This review will highlight the major progress recently made in that field, with a focus on photocatalyzed transformations, base‐promoted processes, and transition metal‐catalyzed functionalization of alkenes and alkynes. Special attention will be paid to explanations of the reaction mechanisms.
A Convenient Fluorescent Method to Simultaneously Determine the Enantiomeric Composition and Concentration of Functional Chiral Amines
Authors: Huang Zeng , Yu Shanshan , Zhao Xue , Wen Kaili , Xu Yimang , Yu Xiaoqi , Xu Yong , Pu Lin
Published: October 2014

A 1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol (BINOL)‐based chiral aldehyde in combination with ZnII shows a highly enantioselective fluorescent response toward functional chiral amines at λ>500 nm. However, the combination of salicylaldehyde and ZnII gives the same fluorescent enhancement for both enantiomers of a functional chiral amine at λ=447 nm. By using the fluorescent responses of the combination of the BINOL‐based chiral aldehyde, salicylaldehyde and ZnII at the two emission wavelengths, both the concentration and enantiomeric composition of functional chiral amines such as amino alcohols, diamines, and amino acids can be simultaneously determined by a single fluorescent measurement. This work provides a simple and convenient method for chiral assay.
Breast cancer in female survivors of Wilms tumor: A report from the National Wilms Tumor late effects study
Authors: Lange Jane M. , Takashima Janice R. , Peterson Susan M. , Kalapurakal John A. , Green Daniel M. , Breslow Norman E.
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUND

The standard treatment of pulmonary metastases in patients with Wilms tumor (WT) includes 12‐gray radiotherapy (RT) to the entire chest. To the authors' knowledge, the risk of breast cancer (BC) in a large cohort of female survivors of WT has not previously been reported.

METHODS

A total of 2492 female participants in National Wilms Tumor Studies 1 through 4 (1969‐1995) were followed from age 15 years through the middle of 2013 for incident BC. The median age at the time of last contact was 27.3 years. The authors calculated cumulative risk at age 40 years (CR40), hazard ratios (HR) by Cox regression, standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) relative to US population rates, and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).

RESULTS

The numbers of survivors with invasive BC divided by the numbers at risk were 16 of 369 (CR40, 14.8% [95% CI, 8.7‐24.5]) for women who received chest RT for metastatic WT, 10 of 894 (CR40, 3.1% [95% CI, 1.3‐7.41]) for those who received only abdominal RT, and 2 of 1229 (CR40, 0.3% [95% CI, 0.0‐2.3]) for those who received no RT. The SIRs for these 3 groups were 27.6 (95% CI, 16.1‐44.2) based on 5010 person‐years (PY) of follow‐up, 6.0 (95% CI, 2.9‐11.0) based on 13,185 PY of follow‐up, and 2.2 (95% CI, 0.3‐7.8) based on 13,560 PY of follow‐up, respectively. The risk was high regardless of the use of chest RT among women diagnosed with WT at age ≥10 years, with 9 of 90 women developing BC (CR40, 13.5% [95% CI, 5.6‐30.6]; SIR, 23.6 [95% CI, 10.8‐44.8] [PY, 1463]).

CONCLUSIONS

Female survivors of WT who were treated with chest RT had a high risk of developing early BC, with nearly 15% developing invasive disease by age 40 years. Current guidelines that recommend screening only those survivors who received ≥20 Gy of RT to the chest might be reevaluated. Cancer 2014;120:3722–3730. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Compatibility between Cellulose and Hydrophobic Polymer Provided by Microfibrillated Lignocellulose
Authors: Gindl‐Altmutter Wolfgang , Obersriebnig Michael , Veigel Stefan , Liebner Falk
Published: October 2014

Microfibrillated lignocellulose (MFLC) was produced from wood subjected to partial lignin extraction using an ethanol/water mixture. After homogenization, the average fibril diameter of MFLC was in the same range as conventional microfibrillated cellulose (MFC). Although MFLC exhibited higher wettability with water compared to MFC, AFM adhesion force measurements revealed high variability in surface polarity of MFLC compared to MFC. Specifically, domains of higher polarity than in MFC but also domains of lower polarity than in MFC were observed in MFLC. This tendency towards amphiphilic behavior of MFLC was used to provide enhanced compatibility with polycaprolactone and polystyrene matrices. With both polymers, a significantly more homogeneous distribution of fibrils was achieved using MFLC compared to MFC. In line with better dispersion of the fibrils, significantly more efficient mechanical reinforcement of polymers was obtained using MFLC compared to MFC.
Factor structure and construct validity of the eating disorder examination‐questionnaire in college students: Further support for a modified brief version
Authors: Grilo Carlos M. , Reas Deborah L. , Hopwood Christopher J. , Crosby Ross D.
Published: October 2014

Objective

The Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire (EDE‐Q) is widely used in research studies across clinical and nonclinical groups. Relatively little is known about psychometric properties of this measure and the available literature has not supported the proposed scale structure. This study evaluated the factor structure and construct validity of the EDE‐Q in a nonclinical study group of young adults.

Method

Participants were 801 young adults (573 females and 228 males) enrolled at a large public university in the Midwestern United States who completed the EDE‐Q and a battery of behavioral and psychological measures.

Results

Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed an inadequate fit for the original EDE‐Q structure but revealed a good fit for an alternative structure suggested by recent research with predominately overweight/obese samples. CFA supported a modified seven‐item, three‐factor structure; the three factors were interpreted as dietary restraint, shape/weight overvaluation, and body dissatisfaction. Factor loadings and item intercepts were invariant across sex and overweight status. The three factors had less redundancy than the original EDE‐Q scales and demonstrated improved convergent and discriminant validity in relation to relevant other measures.

Discussion

These factor‐analytic findings, which replicate findings from studies with diverse predominately overweight/obese samples, supported a modified seven‐item, three‐factor structure for the EDE‐Q with improved psychometric characteristics. The findings provide further empirical support for the distinction between body dissatisfaction and overvaluation and have implications for assessment and research. These findings need to be replicated in samples of persons with eating‐disorder psychopathology including those with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and allied states. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:284–289)
The association between internet and television access and disordered eating in aChinese sample
Authors: Peat Christine M. , Von Holle Ann , Watson Hunna , Huang Lu , Thornton Laura M. , Zhang Bing , Du Shufa , Kleiman Susan C. , Bulik Cynthia M.
Published: October 2014

Objective

China has historically reported a low prevalence of eating disorders. However, the rapid social and economic development of this country as well as Western ideals widely disseminated by television and the Internet have led to distinct patterns of behavioral choices that could affect eating disorder risk. Thus, the current study explored the relation between disordered eating and media use.

Method

Participants were females from the 2009 wave of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (N = 1,053). Descriptive statistics were obtained and logistic regression models, stratified by age (adolescents ages 12–17 years and adults ages 18–35 years), were used to evaluate the association of media use with disordered eating.

Results

In adolescents, 46.8% had access to the Internet and those with access averaged one hour per day each of Internet and television use. In adults, 41.4% had access to the Internet, and those with access averaged 1 h per day of Internet use and 2 h per day of television use. Internet access was significantly associated with a subjective belief of fatness (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.6, 4.9) and worry over losing control over eating (OR = 4.8, 95% CI: 2.3, 9.8) only in adults.

Discussion

These findings help characterize the overall pattern of media use and report of eating disorder symptoms in a large sample of female Chinese adolescents and adults. That Internet access in adults was significantly associated with disordered eating cognitions might suggest that media access negatively influences these domains; however, more granular investigations are warranted. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:663–669)
Adapting dialectical behavior therapy for outpatient adult anorexia nervosa—A pilot study
Authors: Chen Eunice Y. , Segal Kay , Weissman Jessica , Zeffiro Thomas A. , Gallop Robert , Linehan Marsha M. , Bohus Martin , Lynch Thomas R.
Published: October 2014

Objective

Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is associated with excessive self‐control. This iterative case series describes the augmentation of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) for outpatient adult AN with skills addressing emotional and behavioral overcontrol. An overly controlled style is theorized to develop from the transaction between an individual with heightened threat sensitivity and reduced reward sensitivity, interacting with an environment reinforcing overcontrol and punishing imperfection.

Method

Case Series 1 utilized standard DBT, resulting in retention of 5/6 patients and a body mass index (BMI) effect size increase of d = −0.5 from pre‐ to post‐treatment. Case series 2, using standard DBT augmented with skills addressing overcontrol, resulted in retention of 8/9 patients with an effect size increase in BMI at post‐treatment that was maintained at 6‐ and 12‐months follow‐up (d = −1.12, d = −0.87, and d = −1.12).

Discussion

Findings suggest that skills training targeting rigidity and increasing openness and social connectedness warrant further study of this model and treatment for AN. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:123–132)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in heart failure: accurate diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Güder Gülmisal , Brenner Susanne , Störk Stefan , Hoes Arno , Rutten Frans H.
Published: October 2014

Coincidence of COPD and heart failure (HF) is challenging as both diseases interact on multiple levels with each other, and thus impact significantly on diagnosis, disease severity classification, and choice of medical therapy. The current overview aims to educate caregivers involved in the daily management of patients with HF and (possibly) concurrent COPD in how to deal with clinically relevant issues such as interpreting spirometry, the potential role of extensive pulmonary function testing, and finally, the potential beneficial, but also detrimental effects of medication used for HF and COPD on either disease.
Direct visualization of endogenous Salmonella‐specific B cells reveals a marked delay in clonal expansion and germinal center development
Authors: Nanton Minelva R. , Lee Seung‐Joo , Atif Shaikh M. , Nuccio Sean‐Paul , Taylor Justin J. , Bäumler Andreas J. , Way Sing Sing , McSorley Stephen J.
Published: October 2014

CD4+ T cells and B cells are both essential for acquired immunity to Salmonella infection. It is well established that Salmonella inhibit host CD4+ T‐cell responses, but a corresponding inhibitory effect on B cells is less well defined. Here, we utilize an Ag tetramer and pull‐down enrichment strategy to directly visualize OVA‐specific B cells in mice, as they respond to infection with Salmonella‐OVA. Surprisingly, OVA‐specific B‐cell expansion and germinal center formation was not detected until bacteria were cleared from the host. Furthermore, Salmonella infection also actively inhibited both B‐ and T‐cell responses to the same coinjected Ag but this did not require the presence of iNOS. The Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 (SPI2) locus has been shown to be responsible for inhibition of Salmonella‐specific CD4+ T‐cell responses, and an examination of SPI2‐deficient bacteria demonstrated a recovery in B‐cell expansion in infected mice. Together, these data suggest that Salmonella can simultaneously inhibit host B‐ and T‐cell responses using SPI2‐dependent mechanisms.
Serum amyloid A chemoattracts immature dendritic cells and indirectly provokes monocyte chemotaxis by induction of cooperating CC and CXC chemokines
Authors: Gouwy Mieke , De Buck Mieke , Pörtner Noëmie , Opdenakker Ghislain , Proost Paul , Struyf Sofie , Van Damme Jo
Published: October 2014

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute phase protein that is upregulated in inflammatory diseases and chemoattracts monocytes, lymphocytes, and granulocytes via its G protein‐coupled receptor formyl peptide receptor like 1/formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPRL1/FPR2). Here, we demonstrated that the SAA1α isoform also chemoattracts monocyte‐derived immature dendritic cells (DCs) in the Boyden and μ‐slide chemotaxis assay and that its chemotactic activity for monocytes and DCs was indirectly mediated via rapid chemokine induction. Indeed, SAA1 induced significant amounts (≥5 ng/mL) of macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α/CC chemokine ligand 3 (MIP‐1α/CCL3) and interleukin‐8/CXC chemokine ligand 8 (IL‐8/CXCL8) in monocytes and DCs in a dose‐dependent manner within 3 h. However, SAA1 also directly activated monocytes and DCs for signaling and chemotaxis without chemokine interference. SAA1‐induced monocyte migration was nevertheless significantly prevented (60–80% inhibition) in the constant presence of desensitizing exogenous MIP‐1α/CCL3, neutralizing anti‐MIP‐1α/CCL3 antibody, or a combination of CC chemokine receptor 1 (CCR1) and CCR5 antagonists, indicating that this endogenously produced CC chemokine was indirectly contributing to SAA1‐mediated chemotaxis. Further, anti‐IL‐8/CXCL8 antibody neutralized SAA1‐induced monocyte migration, suggesting that endogenous IL‐8/CXCL8 acted in concert with MIP‐1α/CCL3. This explained why SAA1 failed to synergize with exogenously added MIP‐1α/CCL3 or stromal cell‐derived factor‐1α (SDF‐1α)/CXCL12 in monocyte and DC chemotaxis. In addition to direct leukocyte activation, SAA1 induces a chemotactic cascade mediated by expression of cooperating chemokines to prolong leukocyte recruitment to the inflammatory site.
BET bromodomain inhibition suppresses transcriptional responses to cytokine‐Jak‐STAT signaling in a gene‐specific manner in human monocytes
Authors: Chan Chun Hin , Fang Celestia , Qiao Yu , Yarilina Anna , Prinjha Rab K. , Ivashkiv Lionel B.
Published: October 2014

Disruption of the interaction of bromo and extraterminal (BET) proteins with acetylated histones using small molecule inhibitors suppresses Myc‐driven cancers and TLR‐induced inflammation in mouse models. The predominant mechanism of BET inhibitor action is to suppress BET‐mediated recruitment of positive transcription elongation factor b and, thus, transcription elongation. We investigated the effects of BET inhibitor I‐BET151 on transcriptional responses to TLR4 and TNF in primary human monocytes and also on responses to cytokines IFN‐β, IFN‐γ, IL‐4, and IL‐10, which activate the JAK‐STAT signaling pathway and are important for monocyte polarization and inflammatory diseases. I‐BET151 suppressed TLR4‐ and TNF‐induced IFN responses by diminishing both autocrine IFN‐β expression and transcriptional responses to IFN‐β. I‐BET151 inhibited cytokine‐induced transcription of STAT targets in a gene‐specific manner without affecting STAT activation or recruitment. This inhibition was independent of Myc or other upstream activators. IFN‐stimulated gene transcription is regulated primarily at the level of transcription initiation. Accordingly, we found that I‐BET151 suppressed the recruitment of transcriptional machinery to the CXCL10 promoter and an upstream enhancer. Our findings suggest that BET inhibition reduces inflammation partially through suppressing cytokine activity and expands the understanding of the inhibitory and potentially selective immunosuppressive effects of inhibiting BET proteins.
Energy efficiency maximization for 5G multi‐antenna receivers
Authors: Bai Q. , Nossek J. A.
Published: October 2014

In a digital communication system, the analog signal that the receiver receives with its radio frequency front end is converted into digital format by using the analog‐to‐digital converter (A/D converter, ADC). Quantisation takes place during the conversion from continuous amplitude signal to discrete amplitude signal, leading inevitably to losses in information which are dependent on the number of bits that is used to represent each sample. Although employing a higher bit resolution reduces the quantisation error, a higher power dissipation of the ADC is incurred at the same time. This trade‐off is essential to the energy efficiency of the receiver, which is commonly measured by the number of information bits conveyed per consumed Joule of energy. We investigate, in this work, the adaptation of ADC resolutions of a multi‐antenna receiver based on instantaneous channel knowledge, with the goal of maximising receiver energy efficiency. The formulated optimisation is a combinatorial problem, and we propose several algorithms which yield near‐optimal solutions. Results from numerical simulations are presented and analysed, which provide guidelines to operation and deployment of the system. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extreme primates: Ecology and evolution of Asian lorises
Authors: Nekaris K. A. I.
Published: October 2014

Asia's slow and slender lorises (Nycticebus and Loris) are among nature's most extreme primates. Until recently, it was not understood why lorises have such huge forward‐facing eyes, strange steady climbing locomotion, tiny dependent babies, and a bite that potentially can kill a human! Indeed, early studies described them as slow, solitary, and boring. Twenty years of field research now indicate that lorises are among the most intriguing mammal species.
The Demand for Cigarettes as Derived from the Demand for Weight Loss: A Theoretical and Empirical Investigation
Authors: Cawley John , Dragone Davide , Von Hinke Kessler Scholder Stephanie
Published: October 2014

This paper offers an economic model of smoking and body weight and provides new empirical evidence on the extent to which the demand for cigarettes is derived from the demand for weight loss. In the model, smoking causes weight loss in addition to having direct utility benefits and direct health consequences. It predicts that some individuals smoke for weight loss and that the practice is more common among those who consider themselves overweight and those who experience greater disutility from excess weight.

We test these hypotheses using nationally representative data in which adolescents are directly asked whether they smoke to control their weight. We find that, among teenagers who smoke frequently, 46% of girls and 30% of boys are smoking in part to control their weight. As predicted by the model, this practice is significantly more common among those who describe themselves as too fat and among groups that tend to experience greater disutility from obesity.

We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for tax policy; specifically, the demand for cigarettes is less price elastic among those who smoke for weight loss, all else being equal. Public health efforts to reduce smoking initiation and encourage cessation may wish to design campaigns to alter the derived nature of cigarette demand, especially among adolescent girls. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Relation Between Children's Trust Beliefs and Theory of Mind Abilities
Authors: Rotenberg Ken J. , Petrocchi Serena , Lecciso Flavia , Marchetti Antonella
Published: October 2014

The study examined the relation between children's trust beliefs and Theory of Mind (ToM) abilities. A sample of 168 Italian children (M = 9 years–6 months, SD = 7 months) were administered the Italian Children's Generalized Trust Beliefs (ICGTB) Scale, two Second‐Order False Belief ToM measures, and an Advanced ToM measure. As expected, the ICGTB scale demonstrated: (1) validity by its three factor structure and (2) reliability by exhibiting acceptable internal consistency and test–retest stability. As expected, the children's emotional trust beliefs in others were associated with both second‐order false belief ToM ability and advanced ToM ability. These relations were not attributable to verbal ability. The findings are discussed with respect to the relations among children's emotional trust beliefs, personal disclosure, and quality of attachment. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neonatal vitamin D and childhood brain tumor risk
Authors: Bhatti Parveen , Doody David R. , Mckean‐Cowdin Roberta , Mueller Beth A.
Published: October 2014

Vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women is common. Compelling animal evidence suggests carcinogenic effects of vitamin D deficiency on the brains of offspring; however, the impact of circulating vitamin D [25(OH)D] on childhood brain tumor (CBT) risk has not been previously evaluated. Using linked birth‐cancer registry data in Washington State, 247 CBT cases (<15 years at diagnosis; born 1991 or later) were identified. A total of 247 birth year‐, sex‐ and race‐matched controls were selected from the remaining birth certificates. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure circulating levels of vitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] in neonatal dried blood spots. Overall, no significant associations were observed. However, when stratified by median birth weight (3,458 g), there was evidence of increasing risk of CBT with increasing 25(OH)D3 among children in the higher birth weight category. Compared to the lowest quartile (2.8–7.7 ng/mL), odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the second (7.7–<11.0 ng/mL), third (11.0–<14.7 ng/mL) and fourth (14.7–37.0) quartiles of 25(OH)D3 were 1.7 (1.0–3.3), 2.4 (1.2–4.8) and 2.6 (1.2–5.6), respectively. Among children in the lower birth weight category, there was suggestive evidence of a protective effect: ORs and 95% CIs for the second, third and fourth quartiles were 0.9 (0.4–1.9), 0.7 (0.3–1.4) and 0.6 (0.3–1.3), respectively. Any associations of neonatal vitamin D with CBT may be birth weight‐specific, suggesting the possible involvement of insulin‐like growth factor 1, circulating levels of which have been associated with vitamin D and accelerated fetal growth.
Type II diabetes mellitus is associated with a reduced risk of cholangiocarcinoma in patients with biliary tract diseases
Authors: Tsai Ming‐Shian , Lee Po‐Huang , Lin Cheng‐Li , Peng Chiao‐Ling , Kao Chia‐Hung
Published: October 2014

It has not yet been reported whether Type II diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with an increased cholangiocarcinoma (CC) risk in patients with biliary tract diseases. We identified 123,050 patients concomitantly diagnosed with biliary tract diseases and DM between 1998 and 2010. The control cohort consisted of 122,721 individuals with biliary tract diseases but not DM. Both cohorts were followed‐up until the end of 2010 to estimate the risk of CC. We also compared the risk of CC between DM and non‐DM cohorts without biliary tract diseases. Overall, the incidence of CC was 21% lower among the DM patients than among the control patients (1.11 vs. 1.41 per 1,000 person‐years). DM cohorts exhibited significantly reduced risks for both intrahepatic and extrahepatic CC. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used, and the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of CC was 0.74 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66–0.82) for the DM cohort in comparison with the control cohort. The age‐specific data indicated that compared with the control patients, the adjusted HRs for the DM patients were significantly lower among patients 50–64 (adjusted HR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.55–0.82) and 65–74 years old (adjusted HR = 0.70; 95% CI, 0.59–0.84). Furthermore, DM was associated with a lower risk of CC among patients with biliary diseases, regardless of the presence of comorbidities and the status of cholecystectomy. In the patients without biliary tract diseases, DM is associated with significantly increased risk of CC (adjusted HR = 1.58; 95% CI, 1.37–1.82).
Prediagnostic plasma IGFBP‐1, IGF‐1 and risk of prostate cancer
Authors: Cao Yin , Nimptsch Katharina , Shui Irene M. , Platz Elizabeth A. , Wu Kana , Pollak Michael N. , Kenfield Stacey A. , Stampfer Meir J. , Giovannucci Edward L.
Published: October 2014

Insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)−1 is associated with a higher risk of prostate cancer. IGF‐binding protein (IGFBP)−1, a marker for insulin activity, also binds IGF‐1 and inhibits its action. Data on IGFBP‐1 and prostate cancer risk are sparse and whether the IGF and insulin axes interact to affect prostate cancer carcinogenesis is unknown. We evaluated the independent and joint influence of prediagnostic plasma levels of IGFBP‐1 (fasting) and IGF‐1 on risk of prostate cancer among 957 cases and 1,021 controls with fasting levels of IGFBP‐1 and 1,709 cases and 1,778 controls with IGF‐1 nested within the Health Professionals Follow‐up Study. Unconditional logistic regression adjusting for matching factors was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Higher prediagnostic fasting IGFBP‐1 levels were associated with lower risk of prostate cancer (highest vs. lowest quartile OR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.52–0.86, ptrend = 0.003), which remained similar after adjusting for IGF‐1. Prediagnostic IGF‐1 was associated with increased risk of prostate cancer (highest vs. lowest quartile OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.05–1.56, ptrend = 0.01). The associations with each marker were primarily driven by lower‐grade and non‐advanced prostate cancer. Being low in IGFBP‐1 and high in IGF‐1 did not confer appreciable additional risk (pinteraction = 0.42). In summary, prediagnostic fasting IGFBP‐1 may influence prostate cancer carcinogenesis. Being low in IGFBP‐1 or high in IGF‐1 is sufficient to elevate the risk of prostate cancer.
Combination Treatment of Biomechanical Support and Targeted Intra-arterial Infusion of Peripheral Blood Stem Cells Mobilized by Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor for the Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Mao Qiang , Wang Weidong , Xu Taotao , Zhang Shanxing , Xiao Luwei , Chen Di , Jin Hongting , Tong Peijian
Published: October 2014

The objective of this study was to determine the benefits of combination treatment with mechanical support and targeted intra-arterial infusion of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) mobilized by granulocyte–colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) via the medial circumflex femoral artery on the progression of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Fifty-five patients (89 hips) with early and intermediate stage ONFH were recruited and randomly assigned to combination treatment or mechanical support treatment (control group). All hips received mechanical support treatment (porous tantalum rod implantation). Then, hips in the combination treatment group were performed targeted intra-arterial infusion of PBSCs. At each follow-up, Harris hip score (HHS) and Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) classification were used to evaluate the symptoms and progression of osteonecrosis. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) was assessed as an endpoint at each follow-up. At 36 months, 9 of the 41 hips (21.95%) in the control group progressed to clinical failure and underwent THA whereas only 3 of the 48 hips (6.25%) in the combination treatment group required THA (p = 0.031). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a significant difference in the survival time between the two groups (log-rank test; p = 0.025). Compared to the control group, combination treatment significantly improved the HHS at 36 months (p = 0.003). At the final follow-up examination, radiological progression was noted in 13 of 41 hips (31.71%) for the control group, but in only 4 of 48 hips (8.33%) for the combination treatment group (p = 0.005). The overall collapse rates were 15.15% (5/33 hips) and 8.11% (3/37 hips) in the control and combination treatment groups, respectively. Targeted intra-arterial infusion of PBSCs is capable of enhancing the efficacy of biomechanical support in the treatment of ONFH. This clinical trial confirmed that the combination treatment might be a safe and feasible choice for the treatment of early or intermediate stages of ONFH. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.