bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal lung function in childhood cancer survivors after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Otth Maria , Yammine Sophie , Usemann Jakob , Latzin Philipp , Mader Luzius , Spycher Ben , Güngör Tayfun , Scheinemann Katrin , Kuehni Claudia E. ,   for the Swiss Pediatric Oncology Group (SPOG), Ansari M. , Beck Popovic M. , Bourquin J. P. , Brazzola P. , Greiner J. , Rössler J. , Schilling F. , Scheinemann K. , von der Weid N.
Published: November 2021

Longitudinal data on pulmonary function after pediatric allogeneic or autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are rare. We examined pulmonary function and associated risk factors in 5-year childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) longitudinally. We included 74 CCSs diagnosed between 1976 and 2010, treated with HSCT, and with at least two pulmonary function tests performed during follow-up. Median follow-up was 9 years (range 6–13). We described pulmonary function as z-scores for lung volumes (forced vital capacity [FVC], residual volume [RV], total lung capacity [TLC]), flows (forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1], maximal mid-expiratory flow [MMEF]), and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and assessed associations with potential risk factors using multivariable regression analysis. The median z-scores for FEV1, FVC, and TLC were below the expected throughout the follow-up period. This was not the case for RV, MMEF and DLCO. Female gender, radiotherapy to the chest, and relapse were associated with lower z-scores of FEV1, FVC, MMEF, RV or DLCO. Childhood cancer survivors after HSCT are at risk of pulmonary dysfunction. The complex and multifactorial etiology of pulmonary dysfunction emphasizes the need for longitudinal prospective studies to better characterize the course and causes of pulmonary function impairment in CCSs.
RvD1 accelerates the resolution of inflammation by promoting apoptosis of the recruited macrophages via the ALX/FasL-FasR/caspase-3 signaling pathway
Authors: Xiang Shu-yang , Ye Yang , Yang Qian , Xu Hao- ran , Shen Chen-xi , Ma Min-qi , Jin Shao-wu , Mei Hong-xia , Zheng Sheng-xing , Smith Fang-gao , Jin Sheng-wei , Wang Qian
Published: November 2021

The uncontrolled inflammatory response caused by a disorder in inflammation resolution is one of the reasons for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The macrophage pool markedly expands when inflammatory monocytes, known as recruited macrophages, migrate from the circulation to the lung. The persistent presence of recruited macrophages leads to chronic inflammation in the resolution phase of inflammation. On the contrary, elimination of the recruited macrophages at the injury site leads to the rapid resolution of inflammation. Resolvin D1 (RvD1) is an endogenous lipid mediator derived from docosahexaenoic acid. Mice were administered RvD1 via the tail vein 3 and 4 days after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. RvD1 reduced the levels of the inflammatory factors in the lung tissue, promoted the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, and enhanced the phagocytic function of recruited macrophages to alleviate acute lung injury. We also found that the number of macrophages was decreased in BAL fluid after treatment with RvD1. RvD1 increased the apoptosis of recruited macrophages partly via the FasL-FasR/caspase-3 signaling pathway, and this effect could be blocked by Boc-2, an ALX/PRP2 inhibitor. Taken together, our findings reinforce the concept of therapeutic targeting leading to the apoptosis of recruited macrophages. Thus, RvD1 may provide a new therapy for the resolution of ARDS.
The effects of real and simulated microgravity on cellular mitochondrial function
Authors: Nguyen Hong Phuong , Tran Phuong Hoa , Kim Kyu-Sung , Yang Su-Geun
Published: November 2021

Astronauts returning from space shuttle missions or the International Space Station have been diagnosed with various health problems such as bone demineralization, muscle atrophy, cardiovascular deconditioning, and vestibular and sensory imbalance including visual acuity, altered metabolic and nutritional status, and immune system dysregulation. These health issues are associated with oxidative stress caused by a microgravity environment. Mitochondria are a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the molecular mechanisms through which mitochondria produce ROS in a microgravity environment remain unclear. Therefore, this review aimed to explore the mechanism through which microgravity induces oxidative damage in mitochondria by evaluating the expression of genes and proteins, as well as relevant metabolic pathways. In general, microgravity-induced ROS reduce mitochondrial volume by mainly affecting the efficiency of the respiratory chain and metabolic pathways. The impaired respiratory chain is thought to generate ROS through premature electron leakage in the electron transport chain. The imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant defense in mitochondria is the main cause of mitochondrial stress and damage, which leads to mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, we discuss the effects of antioxidants against oxidative stress caused by the microgravity environment space microgravity in together with simulated microgravity (i.e., spaceflight or ground-based spaceflight analogs: parabolic flight, centrifugal force, drop towers, etc.). Further studies should be taken to explore the effects of microgravity on mitochondrial stress-related diseases, especially for the development of new therapeutic drugs that can help increase the health of astronauts on long space missions.
Stretchable transparent electrodes for conformable wearable organic photovoltaic devices
Authors: Cui Nan , Song Yu , Tan Ching-Hong , Zhang Kai , Yang Xiye , Dong Sheng , Xie Boming , Huang Fei
Published: November 2021

To achieve adhesive and conformable wearable electronics, improving stretchable transparent electrode (STE) becomes an indispensable bottleneck needed to be addressed. Here, we adopt a nonuniform Young’s modulus structure with silver nanowire (AgNW) and fabricate a STE layer. This layer possesses transparency of >88% over a wide spectrum range of 400–1000 nm, sheet resistance below 20 Ω sq−1, stretchability of up to 100%, enhanced mechanical robustness, low surface roughness, and good interfacial wettability for solution process. As a result of all these properties, the STE enables the fabrication of a highly efficient ultraflexible wearable device comprising of both organic photovoltaic (OPV) and organic photodetector (OPD) parts with high mechanical durability and conformability, for energy-harvesting and biomedical-sensing applications, respectively. This demonstrates the great potential of the integration of OPVs and OPDs, capable of harvesting energy independently for biomedical applications, paving the way to a future of independent conformable wearable OPV/OPDs for different applications.
Magnetic resonance-based eye tracking using deep neural networks
Authors: Frey Markus , Nau Matthias , Doeller Christian F.
Published: November 2021

Viewing behavior provides a window into many central aspects of human cognition and health, and it is an important variable of interest or confound in many functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. To make eye tracking freely and widely available for MRI research, we developed DeepMReye, a convolutional neural network (CNN) that decodes gaze position from the magnetic resonance signal of the eyeballs. It performs cameraless eye tracking at subimaging temporal resolution in held-out participants with little training data and across a broad range of scanning protocols. Critically, it works even in existing datasets and when the eyes are closed. Decoded eye movements explain network-wide brain activity also in regions not associated with oculomotor function. This work emphasizes the importance of eye tracking for the interpretation of fMRI results and provides an open source software solution that is widely applicable in research and clinical settings.
Noise rejection through an improved quantum illumination protocol
Authors: Gregory T. , Moreau P.-A. , Mekhail S. , Wolley O. , Padgett M. J.
Published: November 2021

Quantum illumination protocols can be implemented to improve imaging performance in the low photon flux regime even in the presence of both background light and sensor noise. However, the extent to which this noise can be rejected is limited by the rate of accidental correlations resulting from the detection of photon or noise events that are not quantum-correlated. Here we present an improved protocol that rejects up to $$\gtrsim 99.9\%$$

≳
99.9
%

of background light and sensor noise in the low photon flux regime, improving upon our previous results by an order of magnitude. This improvement, which requires no information regarding the scene or noise statistics, will enable extremely low light quantum imaging techniques to be applied in environments previously thought difficult and be an important addition to the development of covert imaging, quantum microscopes, and quantum LIDAR.
Emotional experience is increased and emotion recognition decreased in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Pfaff Line , Gounot Daniel , Chanson Jean-Baptiste , de Seze Jérôme , Blanc Frédéric
Published: November 2021

Emotional disorders in multiple sclerosis (MS) are frequently described as difficulties in recognizing facial expressions, rarely in the experience dimension. Moreover, interaction between emotional disorders and cognitive or psychological disorders remains little documented. The aim of this study is to explore emotions in MS in emotion recognition and emotional experience and compare these data with cognitive, psychological, and disease aspects. Twenty-five women with MS (MS group) and 27 healthy controls (control group) matched for age, sex, and education were assessed for emotion recognition (Florida Affect Battery) and emotional experience (International Affective Picture System Photographs). Participants were also assessed for cognitive and psychological aspects. Compared to the control group, the MS group had more difficulty in recognizing emotions, and their subjective evaluations when presented IAPS pictures were more scattered, globally increased. Emotional dimensions were each correlated with executive functions but neither correlated with alexithymia, depression, anxiety, or MS characteristics. In conclusion, MS patients present difficulties in identifying emotion and their emotional experience appears to be increased. These disorders are correlated with cognition but remain independent of psychological or disease aspects. Considering the implications that emotional disorders may have, it seems essential to take these aspects into account in clinical practice.
First thorough assessment of de novo oocyte recruitment in a teleost serial spawner, the Northeast Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) case
Authors: dos Santos Schmidt Thassya C. , Thorsen Anders , Slotte Aril , Nøttestad Leif , Kjesbu Olav S.
Published: November 2021

The understanding of teleost fecundity type (determinate or indeterminate) is essential when deciding which egg production method should be applied to ultimately estimate spawning stock biomass. The fecundity type is, however, unknown or controversial for several commercial stocks, including the Northeast Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus). Aiming at solving this problem, we applied state-of-the-art laboratory methods to document the mackerel fecundity type, including any de novo oocyte recruitment during spawning. Initially, active mackerel spawning females were precisely classified according to their spawning status. The number and size of all phasei-specific oocytes (12 phases), with a special attention to previtellogenic oocytes phases (PVO [PVO2 to PVO4a–c]), were also thoroughly investigated. Examinations of relative fecundity (RFi) clarified that the latest phase of PVOs (PVO4c) are de novo recruited to the cortical alveoli–vitellogenic pool during the spawning period, resulting in a dome-shaped seasonal pattern in RFi. Hence, we unequivocally classify mackerel as a true indeterminate spawner. As PVO4c oocytes were currently identified around 230 µm, mackerel fecundity counts should rather use this diameter as the lower threshold instead of historically 185 µm. Any use of a too low threshold value in this context will inevitably lead to an overestimation of RFi and thereby underestimated spawning stock biomass.
The FcεRI signaling pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of lacrimal gland benign lymphoepithelial lesions as shown by transcriptomic analysis
Authors: Li Jing , Liu Rui , Sun Mei , Wang Jinjin , Wang Nan , Zhang Xuan , Ge Xin , Ma Jianmin
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to analyze the role of the FcepsilonRI (FcεRI) signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of benign lymphoepithelial lesion of lacrimal gland (LGBLEL). Transcriptomic analysis was performed on LGBLEL and orbital cavernous hemangioma (CH) patients diagnosed via histopathology in Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, between July 2010 and October 2013. Four LGBLEL and three orbital CH patients, diagnosed between October 2018 and August 2019, were randomly selected as experimental and control groups, respectively. RT-PCR, immunohistochemical staining, and western blotting were used to verify genes and proteins related to the FcεRI signaling pathway. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the FcεRI signaling pathway was upregulated in the LGBLEL compared with the CH group. The mRNA expression levels of important genes including SYK, p38, JNK, PI3K, and ERK were significantly increased in the LGBLEL group (P = 0.0066, P = 0.0002, P = 0.0003, P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, respectively). Immunohistochemical staining results showed that SYK, p38, and ERK were positively expressed in LGBLEL, while JNK and PI3K were not. The protein contents of P-SYK, P-p38, P-JNK, P-PI3K, and P-ERK were significantly higher in the LGBLEL than in the CH group (P = 0.0169, P = 0.0074, P = 0.0046, P = 0.0157, P = 0.0156, respectively). The FcεRI signaling pathway participates in the pathogenesis of LGBLEL.
Molecular basis of ubiquitin-specific protease 8 autoinhibition by the WW-like domain
Authors: Kakihara Keijun , Asamizu Kengo , Moritsugu Kei , Kubo Masahide , Kitaguchi Tetsuya , Endo Akinori , Kidera Akinori , Ikeguchi Mitsunori , Kato Akira , Komada Masayuki , Fukushima Toshiaki
Published: November 2021

Ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8) is a deubiquitinating enzyme involved in multiple membrane trafficking pathways. The enzyme activity is inhibited by binding to 14-3-3 proteins. Mutations in the 14-3-3-binding motif in USP8 are related to Cushing’s disease. However, the molecular basis of USP8 activity regulation remains unclear. This study identified amino acids 645–684 of USP8 as an autoinhibitory region, which might interact with the catalytic USP domain, as per the results of pull-down and single-molecule FRET assays performed in this study. In silico modelling indicated that the region forms a WW-like domain structure, plugs the catalytic cleft, and narrows the entrance to the ubiquitin-binding pocket. Furthermore, 14-3-3 inhibited USP8 activity partly by enhancing the interaction between the WW-like and USP domains. These findings provide the molecular basis of USP8 autoinhibition via the WW-like domain. Moreover, they suggest that the release of autoinhibition may underlie Cushing’s disease due to USP8 mutations.
A new biomimetic nanozyme of hemin/graphdiyne oxide with superior peroxidase-like activity for colorimetric bioassays
Authors: Zhu Qiqi , Yuan Yonghua , Yan Bin , Zhou Jing , Zuo Jianli , Bai Lijuan
Published: November 2021

This work describes a novel colorimetric biosensor for ultrasensitive detection of H2O2 and glucose using a hemin/GDYO nanocomposite as a new biomimetic nanozyme with superior peroxidase-like activity.
Halogen-modified carbazole derivatives for lipid droplet-specific bioimaging and two-photon photodynamic therapy
Authors: Du Wenli , Lu Xin , Yuan Tong , Sun Zhimin , Li Xiaocheng , Li Shengli , Zhang Qiong , Tian Xiaohe , Li Dandan , Tian Yupeng
Published: November 2021

Iodine-modified carbazole derivatives showed two-photon absorption properties, lipid drop specificity and higher anticancer effects.
Operando Raman spectroscopic evidence of electron–phonon interactions in NiO/TiO2 pn junction photodetectors
Authors: Wang Wenjun , Mao Zhu , Ren Yanyu , Meng Fanxu , Shi Xiumin , Zhao Bing
Published: November 2021

Operando Raman spectroscopy was used for noninvasive and nondestructive investigations of pn junctions in photodetectors under working conditions.
Multichannel dual protein sensing using amphiphilic supramolecular assemblies
Authors: Gao Jingjing , Prachyathipsakul Theeraphop , Thayumanavan S.
Published: November 2021

A supramolecular dual protein sensing approach embedded with protein–ligand binding features and enzyme-cleavable moiety activating multichannel fluorescence signals via three different mechanisms.
Regulation of growth temperature on structure, magnetism of epitaxial FeCo2O4 films
Authors: Xie Jingtong , Zhen Congmian , Xu Lei , Su Mengyao , Pan Chengfu , Ma Li , Zhao Dewei , Hou Denglu
Published: November 2021

Epitaxial FeCo2O4 films were grown by pulsed laser deposition on Al2O3 (0001) substrates at different growth temperatures in this work.
Double substitution leads to a highly polymorphic system in 5-methyl-2-m-tolylamino-benzoic acid
Authors: Zhoujin Yunping , Tao Yang , Zhou Panpan , Parkin Sean , Li Tonglei , Guo Ju , Yu Faquan , Long Sihui
Published: November 2021

Substitution on both aromatic rings of fenamic acid led to a highly polymorphic system in 5-methyl-2-m-tolylamino-benzoic acid, in contrast to the two mono-substituted analogs, which had only one or two forms obtained.
ZIF-8-derived carbon-modified g-C3N4 heterostructure with enhanced photocatalytic activity for dye degradation and hydrogen production
Authors: Chang Xin , Wang Ye , Zhou Xuejiao , Song Yi , Zhang Mingyi
Published: November 2021

ZIF-8-derived nitrogen-doped carbon-modified g-C3N4 exhibits both enhanced photocatalytic activity and excellent separability during the degradation of dye and hydrogen evolution.
In silico characterisation of the complete Ly6 protein family in Fasciola gigantica supported through transcriptomics of the newly-excysted juveniles
Authors: Davey Sarah D. , Chalmers Iain W. , Fernandez-Fuentes Narcis , Swain Martin T. , Smith Dan , Abbas Abidi Syed M. , Saifullah Mohammad K. , Raman Muthusamy , Ravikumar Gopalakrishnan , McVeigh Paul , Maule Aaron G. , Brophy Peter M. , Morphew Russell M.
Published: November 2021

Incorporating the recently available F. gigantica genome, the current work revealed 20 novel Ly6 family members in F. gigantica and, in parallel, significantly extended the F. hepatica complement from 3 to 18 members.
Preparation of SrTiO3nanocubes by CO2laser vaporization (LAVA) and hydrothermal maturation
Authors: Müller Lenka , Hornig Philipp , Grabow Janet , Müller Frank A.
Published: November 2021

Spherical SrTiO3nanoparticles were obtained by a laser-induced gas-phase condensation process. Subsequent hydrothermal treatment leads to the formation of faceted, highly crystalline nanocubes with an average size of 35 nm.
TOP2B's contributions to transcription
Authors: Austin Caroline A. , Cowell Ian G. , Khazeem Mushtaq M. , Lok Dawn , Ng Huei Teng
Published: November 2021

Transcription is regulated and mediated by multiprotein complexes in a chromatin context. Transcription causes changes in DNA topology which is modulated by DNA topoisomerases, enzymes that catalyse changes in DNA topology via transient breaking and re-joining of one or both strands of the phosphodiester backbone. Mammals have six DNA topoisomerases, this review focuses on one, DNA topoisomerase II beta (TOP2B). In the absence of TOP2B transcription of many developmentally regulated genes is altered. Long genes seem particularly susceptible to the lack of TOP2B. Biochemical studies of the role of TOP2B in transcription regulated by ligands such as nuclear hormones, growth factors and insulin has revealed PARP1 associated with TOP2B and also PRKDC, XRCC5 and XRCC6. Analysis of publicly available databases of protein interactions confirms these interactions and illustrates interactions with other key transcriptional regulators including TRIM28. TOP2B has been shown to interact with proteins involved in chromosome organisation including CTCF and RAD21. Comparison of publicly available Chip-seq datasets reveals the location at which these proteins interact with genes. The availability of resources such as large datasets of protein–protein interactions, e.g. BioGrid and IntAct and protein–DNA interactions such as Chip-seq in GEO enables scientists to extend models and propose new hypotheses.
Challenges and approaches to studying pore-forming proteins
Authors: Benton Joshua T. , Bayly-Jones Charles
Published: November 2021

Pore-forming proteins (PFPs) are a broad class of molecules that comprise various families, structural folds, and assembly pathways. In nature, PFPs are most often deployed by their host organisms to defend against other organisms. In humans, this is apparent in the immune system, where several immune effectors possess pore-forming activity. Furthermore, applications of PFPs are found in next-generation low-cost DNA sequencing, agricultural crop protection, pest control, and biosensing. The advent of cryoEM has propelled the field forward. Nevertheless, significant challenges and knowledge-gaps remain. Overcoming these challenges is particularly important for the development of custom, purpose-engineered PFPs with novel or desired properties. Emerging single-molecule techniques and methods are helping to address these unanswered questions. Here we review the current challenges, problems, and approaches to studying PFPs.
Modeling and Analysis Variable Cross Section Pile Driven in Sandy Soil using Finite Element
Authors: Makki Russul O. , Fakhraldin Mohammed K.
Published: November 2021

This study focuses on the finite element simulation of piles with different models in sandy soils using the software PLAXIS 3D V20. The parametric study has conducted to investigate the influence of multiple parameters on the axial capacity of steel piles in sandy soil, including the cross-section variables in two cases: open and close-ended piles. The typical circular and square cross-section open and close-ended piles were selected as the reference for comparison with variables cross-section piles. The open-ended tapered pile 3b showed an increase in the maximum load capacity about 210% more than the open-ended circular section, while the close-ended tapered pile 3b showed an increase of about 176% in the axial load capacity more than the solid close-ended circular section. In terms of the effect of pile’s type, all of the close-ended sections outperformed the open-ended sections, with the circular section showing a 146% increase in its close-ended section, while the tapered 3b section showed the lowest difference between the close-ended and the open-ended sections with just 120% increase. These results showed that the tapering pile is much more efficient than any straight-sided pile or even circular pile. The results also showed that a short open-ended pile's capacity is smaller than the corresponding closed-ended pile.
Improving Resistance of Gravity Dam to Seismic Wave by Using Stepped Base
Authors: Jabbar Asmaa Abdul , Irzooki Raad H. , Al-Obaidi Ahmed A. H.
Published: November 2021

This study analyzes the possible modes of the seismic wave for concrete gravity dams and the damage occurring in the body where two gravity dam sections are taken as a case study. Model (1) is a typical section of a gravity dam, while model (2) is a gravity dam section provided with specified steps at its base. The design of seismic waves included Operational Base Earthquake (OBE), Maximum Design Earthquake (MDE), and Maximum Credible Earthquake (MCE) levels. The dam body-foundation-reservoir water interaction system is analyzed by numerical analysis software (ABAQUS). The main conclusion shows that the gravity dam model's underground motion loadings have a noticeable increase in the displacement distribution within the first gravity dam body model, especially in the higher mode compared to the first model. The first model's Damage Index value was equal to 0.357 at the MCE wave, which does not appear in the second model. The time taken for the damage that occurs within a model (1) is faster than the model (2). Consequently, model (2) significantly reduces seismic waves with different intensity levels on the amount of damage transmission within the gravity dam body.
Design and Manufacturing of Small Scale Tsunami Simulator Channel
Authors: Bachay Hiba A. , Aldefae Asad H. , Zubaidi Salah L. , Humaish Wissam H. , Sinichenko Evgeny K.
Published: November 2021

Increasing the cost of in-situ or field tests to solve engineering problems, particularly water engineering, pushes researchers worldwide to simulate different water engineering problems using small-scale physical modeling like soil erosion, hydraulic jump, water flow, and underground water. This paper focuses on the design, manufacturing, and calibration of the 6 m small-scale tsunami simulator channel to investigate the tsunami wave behavior with time until it reaches the shore or beach. The new wave generator capable of recreating scaled tidal waves, the physical modeling of tsunamis in the laboratory, and has advanced significantly. The working principles behind the new wave generator and its design, manufacturing, and first stages of testing to validate its capacities and limitations are discussed in this paper. Each part of the generator has been represented; model preparation and new wave generator calibration have been discussed. Well, agreement of the wave height is noticed (14 cm), and this is replicated that the new wave simulator can reproduce solitary waves with high steepness.
A new quantum model of the magnetic field of the Hot Earth, Moon and terrestrial planets
Authors: Kuznetsov Vladimir
Published: November 2021

Distribution of Pand Swaves velocities in the Earth’s inner core suggests that its matter has been quantum entangled since the origin of the Earth and the Solar system. This assumption we made allows us to develop the quantum model of the geomagnetic field evolution from its start to its disappearance. Unlike the generally accepted dynamo our model provides an obvious source of energy which is a phase transition and the thermal, mechanical and electrical energy released during it. The latter generates a double electric layer which rotation gives rise to the initial dipole field. Changing its direction the phase transition causes a reversal of the magnetic field. Magnetic and paleomagnetic data on the Earth, Moon, Mercury and Mars analyzed in the frameworks the Hot Earth model and features of their gravitation recorded at NASA project offered as conditions for the planets formation and evolution and so predictions for the further evolution of the Earth and its magnetic field.
Investigation of electromagnetic fields in the arctic zone with uneven ice cover
Authors: Korochentsev Vladimir , Syue Vey , Gorovoy Sergey , Chernenko Vasily , Em Artem , Tagaev Timur
Published: November 2021

Numerical investigation of electromagnetic waves propagating near an ice cover with hummocks of different height has been carried out. Half-wave vibrators, melted into ice at the depth of about 20 sm, were used as an antenna. Transmitted signal frequencies were from 10 to 30 MHz. A mathematical model for amplitude spatial distribution of electromagnetic wave source, placed inside an ice cover with hummocks, was developed. The results of numerical study show that, when antenna is inside hummocks, the signal is amplified. Experimental investigations show good agreement with the theoretical model.
Simultaneous lithospheric-atmospheric signals of acoustic emission at “Karymshina” site in Kamchatka
Authors: Larionov Igor , Marapulets Yuriy , Mishchenko Mikhail
Published: November 2021

We present the results of complex lithospheric-atmospheric investigations of acoustic emission in a seismically active region (Kamchatka peninsula). A laser strainmeter-interferometer, a geophone, a wide-band acoustic system and a microbarometer, installed at Karymshina site (IKIR FEB RAS), are used in the monitoring. Rock deformation, acoustic emission in the near-surface rocks and in the atmosphere by the ground surface are under the consideration. Moreover, we suggest a method to detect acoustic signals recorded simultaneously in the near-surface rocks and in the atmosphere by the ground surface. The method consists in filtration of acoustic signals from the sensors at different frequency sub-ranges from fractions to the first hundreds of hertz followed by detection and accumulation of on 1-second interval. We analyze the data from September 2016 to December 2020. Examples of records of simultaneous acoustic signals in rocks and in the atmosphere are illustrated. The investigation is topical for the construction of a model of lithosphere-atmosphere interaction in a seismically active region.
Application of the Riccati hereditary mathematical model to the study of the dynamics of radon accumulation in the storage chamber
Authors: Tverdyi Dmitryi , Parovik Roman , Makarov Evgeniy , Firstov Pavel , Alimova Nazira
Published: November 2021

The article proposes a mathematical model of radon accumulation in a chamber, which takes into account the hereditary properties of the environment in which radon migrates. The model equation is the fractional Riccati equation with a derivative of a fractional variable order of the Gerasimov-Caputo type, taking into account heredity, as well as taking into account nonlinearity, which is responsible for the mechanisms of radon entry into the chamber. The obtained model curves of the accumulation process are compared with real data. It is shown that the model described in the work gives a better agreement between the model and real curves of radon accumulation and can be used for a more accurate description of the processes occurring in the chamber.
Using Raw Earth Construction Systems on Contemporary Buildings: Reflections on Sustainability and Thermal Efficiency
Authors: Marques Bruno , Varum Humberto , Corvacho Helena , Guedes Manuel Correia , Baptista Luís
Published: November 2021

Although the existence of building energy efficiency policies for several years, studies show that up to 74% of the participant consider their house uncomfortable. European policies favored construction solutions focused on insulating materials rather than other solutions which traditionally were used and proved to be effective. Construction system that uses earth as construction material showed for centuries that it can offer high levels of thermal comfort in a passive way, with a highly sustainable and quasi-neutral environmental impact. With this paper, a study on the thermal performance of three contemporany rammed earth buildings is presented. The aim is to analyze thermal comfort over a critical period of time. It is expected that earth construction proves to be a good choice, creating a sustainable and better integration with the local environment, with almost zero energy incorporation, promoting the local work craftmen and with a construction range price below the common construction systems.
Fetal Hemodynamic Response to Anemia in Early Gestation: Using Hemoglobin Bart’s Disease as a Study Model
Authors: Luewan Suchaya , Tongprasert Fuanglada , Srisupundit Kasemsri , Traisrisilp Kuntharee , Jatavan Phudit , Tongsong Theera
Published: November 2021

Objective To assess fetal hemodynamic changes in response to anemia in early gestation, using fetal Hb Bart’s disease as a study model.

Methods A prospective study was conducted on pregnancies at risk for fetal Hb Bart’s disease at 12–14 weeks of gestation. Fetal hemodynamics were comprehensively assessed by 2D ultrasound, Doppler velocity, and cardio-STIC just prior to the invasive procedure for diagnosis. The various hemodynamic parameters of the affected and unaffected fetuses were compared.

Results Of 56 fetuses at risk, 17 had Hb Bart’s disease and 39 were unaffected. The right and combined ventricular cardiac outputs (CO) were significantly higher in the affected fetuses (0.993 vs. 1.358; p < 0.001 and 1.010 vs. 1.236; p < 0.001, respectively), whereas the left CO tended to be higher but not significantly (1.027 vs. 1.113; p = 0.058). Cardiac dimensions, middle-cerebral artery peak systolic velocity, Tei index, and isovolemic contraction time were significantly increased, while the global sphericity index was significantly decreased. Interestingly, cardiac preload, ventricular wall thickness, shortening fraction, isovolemic relaxation time, and fetal heart rate were unchanged. Four fetuses had hydropic changes, but all cardiac functions were normal.

Conclusion Fetal anemia induces hypervolemia and increases cardiac output to meet the tissue oxygen requirement, resulting in an increase in size without hypertrophy, volume load without pressure load, and a decrease in the globular sphericity index. The heart works very well but works harder, especially systolic ventricular load. Hydrops fetalis due to anemia appears not to be caused by heart failure as previously believed but rather by volume load with high vascular permeability at least in early pregnancy.
Das Fach Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie im
MEDiC-Modellstudiengang
Authors: Karow Anne
Published: November 2021

Hintergrund

Vor dem Hintergrund der drohenden medizinischen Unterversorgung in Teilen Sachsens
startete die Medizinische Fakultät der Technischen Universität
Dresden in Zusammenarbeit mit der Klinikum Chemnitz gGmbH im Wintersemester
2020/2021 den Modellstudiengang Humanmedizin (MEDiC) am Medizincampus
Chemnitz der TU Dresden. Die Studierenden sollen hier die Spezifika der
digital-vernetzten, ärztlichen Versorgung im ländlichen Raum bereits
während des Studiums intensiv und vor allem praxisnah kennenlernen 1.
On the Synthesis of a Novel Chiral Phosphorodiamidic Acid Containing­ the α-Phenylethyl Moiety: Insights on its Conformation and Reactivity
Authors: Cruz-Hernández Carlos , Juaristi Eusebio
Published: November 2021

A few years ago, the synthesis of chiral phosphoric acids supported on chiral BINOL frameworks was accomplished by T. Akiyama and M. Terada. Subsequent relevant applications demonstrated the importance of chiral phosphoric acids as privileged chiral inducers in asymmetric organocatalysis. In the present report, we discuss the development of novel chiral phosphorodiamidic acids derived from C
2-symmetric trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane aliphatic frameworks. The preparation of the new chiral Brønsted acids, based on the intermediacy of a 1,3,2-diheterophospholan-2-oxide moiety, turned out to be challenging since several plausible synthetic methodologies proved to be ineffective. Furthermore, the five-membered heterocyclic moiety turned out to be easily hydrolyzed when exposed to nucleophilic alcohols or water. Complementary to the successful multistep synthesis reported here, it was possible to obtain crystals of the key precursor of the desired phosphorodiamidic acid, which proved suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis and hence to establish important conformational characteristics of the novel heterocycle.
Exploring the Serum Level of RE1 Silencing Transcription Factor in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Shekhar Shashank , Tripathi Manjari , Dey A.B. , Dey Sharmistha
Published: November 2021

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum RE1 silencing transcription factor (REST) level in Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and elderly controls by using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology.

Materials and Methods

In this case–control study of 133 subjects, 49 patients with AD, 49 patients with MCI, and 35 elderly controls were recruited. The REST protein concentrations were evaluated by SPR. The resonance unit for each sample was recorded and the concentration of serum REST of study group was derived from the standard curve. All the experiments were done in triplicates. Statistical analysis was done and p-value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results

A significant difference was observed in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score, Hindi Mental State Examination scale (HMSE) score education, disease duration, and gender among the groups. A significant (p>0.0001) difference in the duration of disease between AD and MCI was observed. It was observed that the mean concentration of serum REST was not significantly (p = 0.266) different among the groups.

Conclusion

This study first time evaluated the serum levels of REST in AD, MCI and age-matched elderly controls. The rest levels were similar in all groups; however, it can provide a new direction to future blood-based biomarker studies of REST.
Editorial: Digitale Trends und Neuerungen
Authors: Orth Anne
Published: November 2021

Es geht doch nichts über „echte“ Begegnungen: Vom 15. bis 18. November erwarten die Veranstalter der weltweit führenden Medizintechnikmesse Medica und der Zuliefererfachmesse Compamed Besucherinnen und Besucher wieder vor Ort in den Düsseldorfer Messehallen. Dabei dreht sich alles um die Digitalisierung.
Digitaler Reifegrad: Ehrlichkeit ist Trumpf
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: November 2021

Die Messung des digitalen Reifegrades von deutschen Krankenhäusern ist angelaufen. Bis zum17. Dezember 2021 haben teilnehmende Häuser Zeit, einen umfassenden Fragenkatalog zum Stand der eigenen Digitalisierung zu beantworten. Kliniken sollten die Frist unbedingt beachten, denn die Teilnahme an dieser Messung ist Voraussetzung für die Förderung nach dem KHZG.
Internationales Gesundheitsnetzwerk Sciana: Führungskräfte-Netzwerk als Brückenbauer zwischen Ländern und Sektoren
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: November 2021

Mit dem Ziel, aktuelle und zukünftige Herausforderungen auf dem Gebiet der Gesundheit und Gesundheitsversorgung anzugehen, haben sich 2017 drei Stiftungen – die Health Foundation aus Großbritannien, die Careum Stiftung aus der Schweiz und die Robert Bosch Stiftung aus Deutschland – zusammengefunden. Sciana ist entstanden, um unter anderem auch den internationalen Austausch voranzutreiben und ein internationales Netzwerk zu bilden.
Entropic regression with neurologically motivated applications
Authors: Fish Jeremie , DeWitt Alexander , AlMomani Abd AlRahman R. , Laurienti Paul J. , Bollt Erik
Published: November 2021

The ultimate goal of cognitive neuroscience is to understand the mechanistic neural processes underlying the functional organization of the brain. The key to this study is understanding the structure of both the structural and functional connectivity between anatomical regions. In this paper, we use an information theoretic approach, which defines direct information flow in terms of causation entropy, to improve upon the accuracy of the recovery of the true network structure over popularly used methods for this task such as correlation and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. The method outlined above is tested on synthetic data, which is produced by following previous work in which a simple dynamical model of the brain is used, simulated on top of a real network of anatomical brain regions reconstructed from diffusion tensor imaging. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the method of AlMomani et al. [Chaos 30, 013107 (2020)] when applied to data simulated on the realistic diffusion tensor imaging network, as well as on randomly generated small-world and Erdös–Rényi networks.
Microfluidic technology for multiple single-cell capture
Authors: He Cheng-Kun , Hsu Chia-Hsien
Published: November 2021

Microfluidic devices are widely used in single-cell capture and for pairing single cells or groups of cells for cell–cell interaction analysis; these advances have improved drug screening and cell signal transduction analysis. The complex in vivo environment involves interactions between two cells and among multiple cells of the same or different phenotypes. This study reviewed the core principles and performance of several microfluidic multiple- and single-cell capture methods, namely, the microwell, valve, trap, and droplet methods. The advantages and disadvantages of the methods were compared, and suggestions regarding their application to multiple-cell capture were provided. The results may serve as a reference for research on microfluidic multiple single-cell coculture technology.
Metadamping enhancement and tunability via scissor-like electromechanical metamaterials
Authors: Al Ba’ba’a Hasan , Lin Zhenkun , Tol Serife
Published: November 2021

We report on a novel scissor-like electromechanical metamaterial (SEMM) with enhanced and tunable damping properties, stemming from its electromechanical resonant effects. The displacement amplification mechanism of the scissor-like structure in SEMM is exploited to amplify the damping ratio for stronger vibration mitigation through the enhanced electrical dissipation of the amplified voltage of the piezoelectric element. The relative dissipation performance, termed as metadamping, is quantified based on complex band structures, which allow frequencies to be complex valued. Using different shunting circuits, the overall damping performance of SEMM is demonstrated to be higher than a statically equivalent traditional systems, such as acoustic metamaterials and monatomic lattices. The dissipation performance of SEMM is numerically verified via finite structure analysis and found to be in an excellent agreement with Bloch’s wave analysis. Furthermore, the electromechanical nature of the piezoelectric material in SEMM provides a convenient way to tune the metadamping by adjusting the piezoelectric shunting circuit.
A femtosecond magnetic circular dichroism spectrometer
Authors: Sutcliffe Jake , Johansson J. Olof
Published: November 2021

We describe the development of a broadband magneto-optical spectrometer with femtosecond temporal resolution. The absorption spectrometer is based on a white-light supercontinuum (∼320 to 750 nm) using shot-to-shot temporal and spectral referencing at 1 kHz. Static and transient absorption spectra using circularly polarized light are collected in a magnetic field. The difference spectra with respect to the external field direction give the static and transient magneto-optical Faraday rotation (magnetic optical rotary dispersion) and ellipticity (magnetic circular dichroism) spectra. An achromatic quarter-wave plate is used, and the impact of the deviation from ideal retardance on the spectra is discussed. Results from solution-based and thin-film samples are used to demonstrate the performance and wide applicability of the instrument. The sensitivities for the static and time-resolved data were found to be 5 and 0.4 mdeg, respectively. The method presents a simple way to measure magneto-optical spectra using a transient absorption spectrometer and an electromagnet.
Attracting Poisson chimeras in two-population networks
Authors: Lee Seungjae , Krischer Katharina
Published: November 2021

Chimera states, i.e., dynamical states composed of coexisting synchronous and asynchronous oscillations, have been reported to exist in diverse topologies of oscillators in simulations and experiments. Two-population networks with distinct intra- and inter-population coupling have served as simple model systems for chimera states since they possess an invariant synchronized manifold in contrast to networks on a spatial structure. Here, we study dynamical and spectral properties of finite-sized chimeras on two-population networks. First, we elucidate how the Kuramoto order parameter of the finite-sized globally coupled two-population network of phase oscillators is connected to that of the continuum limit. These findings suggest that it is suitable to classify the chimera states according to their order parameter dynamics, and therefore, we define Poisson and non-Poisson chimera states. We then perform a Lyapunov analysis of these two types of chimera states, which yields insight into the full stability properties of the chimera trajectories as well as of collective modes. In particular, our analysis also confirms that Poisson chimeras are neutrally stable. We then introduce two types of “perturbation” that act as small heterogeneities and render Poisson chimeras attracting: A topological variation via the simplest nonlocal intra-population coupling that keeps the network symmetries and the allowance of amplitude variations in the globally coupled two-population network; i.e., we replace the phase oscillators by Stuart–Landau oscillators. The Lyapunov spectral properties of chimera states in the two modified networks are investigated, exploiting an approach based on network symmetry-induced cluster pattern dynamics of the finite-size network.
High-power operations of single-mode surface grating long oxide aperture VCSELs
Authors: Hassan Ahmed M. A. , Gu Xiaodong , Nakahama Masanori , Shinada Satoshi , Ahmed Moustafa , Koyama Fumio
Published: November 2021

A high-power single-mode vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) based on a slow light mode (SLM) concept is demonstrated. Shallow surface gratings were implemented to select a single slow light mode in mm long oxide aperture VCSELs. The vertical structure and well-established fabrication processes are unchanged from those of conventional 850 nm VCSELs. An electron-beam lithography is used to form a 1st-order shallow grating on the surface. Thanks to the low effective index and the intensity penetration of the SLM to the surface, the grating fabrication process is much easier than conventional guided mode distributed feedback lasers. A stable single mode with a high side suppression ration of more than 30 dB is obtained for the entire current range under CW operations. A narrow divergence of 0.038° in far field patterns is achieved for a 6 mm long device. A record single-mode power of more than 5 W is realized before saturation under 50 ns pulse operations. Unlike long cavity in-plane edge emitting lasers, a SLM-based VCSEL can provide higher output powers without limitation of catastrophic optical mirror damage. The high power, superior mode stability, and good beam quality of our unique design paves a way for VCSELs to be used for wide ranges of high-power applications.
Semiflexible oligomers crystallize via a cooperative phase transition
Authors: Kawak Pierre , Banks Dakota S. , Tree Douglas R.
Published: November 2021

Semicrystalline polymers are ubiquitous, yet despite their fundamental and industrial importance, the theory of homogeneous nucleation from a melt remains a subject of debate. A key component of the controversy is that polymer crystallization is a non-equilibrium process, making it difficult to distinguish between effects that are purely kinetic and those that arise from the underlying thermodynamics. Due to computational cost constraints, simulations of polymer crystallization typically employ non-equilibrium molecular dynamics techniques with large degrees of undercooling that further exacerbate the coupling between thermodynamics and kinetics. In a departure from this approach, in this study, we isolate the near-equilibrium nucleation behavior of a simple model of a melt of short, semiflexible oligomers. We employ several Monte Carlo methods and compute a phase diagram in the temperature–density plane along with two-dimensional free energy landscapes (FELs) that characterize the nucleation behavior. The phase diagram shows the existence of ordered nematic and crystalline phases in addition to the disordered melt phase. The minimum free energy path in the FEL for the melt–crystal transition shows a cooperative transition, where nematic order and monomer positional order move in tandem as the system crystallizes. This near-equilibrium phase transition mechanism broadly agrees with recent evidence that polymer stiffness plays an important role in crystallization but differs in the specifics of the mechanism from several recent theories. We conclude that the computation of multidimensional FELs for models that are larger and more fine-grained will be important for evaluating and refining theories of homogeneous nucleation for polymer crystallization.