bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FINANCIAL METHODS IN THE STRUCTURE OF FINANCIAL MECHANISM OF STATE-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP: SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS OF RESEARCH
Authors: SHULIUK Bohdana
Published: December 2019

Introduction. An essential condition for the functioning of the financial mechanism of public-private partnership is the formation of effective financial methods. At the same time there is no single approach in the economic literature to finding out the essence of financial methods and their types, that needs activation of scientific efforts, noted questions directed on research.

Methods. We use methods of dialectical analysis and synthesis, as well as methods of logical generalization, comparison and formalization.

Results. The article outlines the essence of financial methods as a manifestation of the financial mechanism of public-private partnership. Under them it is necessary to understand the totality of financial procedures used in the joint activity of the state and economic entities for the performance of their functions. It was singled out their types, in particular: financial planning, financial support, financial regulation, financial accounting, analysis, evaluation of the effectiveness and efficiency of the mechanism, financial control. The objective necessity of effective development and effective use of financial methods is exposed for the sphere of realization of partner relations between the state and business is revealed. After all, with the help of them, strategic and tactical vectors of activity are created, the mobilization of the necessary financial resources and rational distribution of them are carried out, the tasks of the partners of the partnership are fulfilled. It is noted that the relevance of these issues caused considerable interest and attention of scientists to the study of financial methods. It noted the versatility of the coverage of this concept
in the scientific literature, and as a consequence, the lack of a terminological basis of his knowledge in the field of selected research.

Conclusions. Financial methods occupy an important place in the structure of the financial mechanism of public-private partnership. After all, they allow to rationally plan the sources of formation and directions of the use of financial resources of public-private partnership, to effectively monitor the flow of financial flows, to monitor the status of payments and settlements with suppliers and customers, to evaluate the results of financial and economic activities of the partners. Consequently, the effectiveness, efficiency and effectiveness of the mechanism are ensured.
Hubungan antara Beban Kerja dan Kelelahan Kerja dengan Produktivitas Kerja Perawat di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Bethesda GMIM Tomohon
Authors: Pantow Stivani S. , Kandou Grace D. , Kawatu Paul A. T.
Published: December 2019

Abstract: Basically, productivity is influenced by three factors namely workload, work capacity, and additional burden due to work environment. Workload is usually associated with physical, mental, and social burdens. General Hospital Bethesda GMIM Tomohon provides services to patients with 123 nurses divided into several rooms. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between workload and work fatigue and work productivity of nurses in the Inpatient Room of the General Hospital Bethesda GMIM Tomohon. This was an observational analytical study using a cross sectional design. The sampling technique used Slovin formula and obtained 56 nurses as respondents. Data were analyzed by using the chi square test. The results showed that the relationship between workload and work productivity obtained a p-value of 0.001 (α=0.05), meanwhile the relationship between work fatigue and work productivity had a p-value of 0.001 (α=0.05). In conclusion, there was a significant relationship between workload and work productivity as well as between work fatigue and work productivity among the nurses of the Inpatient Room of Bethesda General Hospital, GMIM Tomohon.Keywords: work productivity, work fatigue, workload Abstrak: Pada dasarnya produktivitas dipengaruhi oleh tiga faktor yaitu beban kerja, kapasitas kerja, dan beban tambahan akibat lingkungan kerja. Beban kerja biasanya berhubungan dengan beban fisik, mental maupun sosial yang memengaruhi tenaga kerja. RSU Bethesda GMIM Tomohon memberikan pelayanan pada pasien dengan jumlah perawat 123 orang yang dibagi dalam beberapa ruangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan antara beban kerja dan kelelahan kerja dengan produktivitas kerja pada perawat di Ruang Rawat Inap RSU Bethesda GMIM Tomohon. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Dengan menggunakan rumus Slovin didapatkan sebanyak 56 perawat sebagai responden. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil pengujian terhadap hubungan antara beban kerja dengan produktivitas kerja mendapatkan nilai p=0,001 (α=0,05). Hasil pengujian terhadap hubungan antara kelelahan kerja dengan produk-tivitas kerja mendapatkan nilai p=0,001 (α=0,05). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat hubungan antara beban kerja dan kelelahan kerja dengan produktivitas kerja pada perawat di Ruang Rawat Inap RSU Bethesda GMIM Tomohon.Kata kunci: produktivitas kerja, kelelahan kerja, beban kerja
Requisitos, consecuencias jurídicas del desistimiento y los tipos penales de peligro abstracto
Authors: Ramos Myriam
Published: December 2019

La aplicación del paradigma de agresión en la estructuración de la política criminal colombiana, entendido como aquel en el cual se tiene como elemento del tipo objetivo, el peligro o la lesión efectiva al bien jurídico tutelado, los cuales se encuentran ausentes en los tipos penales de peligro abstracto, y por ello, no solo vulnera garantías procesales y derechos fundamentales, sino también la categoría dogmática de la antijuridicidad material, además de socavar la utilidad del desistimiento como una excusa legal absolutoria, respecto de lo cual se busca identificar los requisitos y consecuencias jurídicas del desistimiento y los tipos penales de peligro abstracto, a través de la aplicación de la hermenéutica jurídica y analógica de acuerdo en la línea doctrinal y jurisprudencial, que nos conduce finalmente a encontrar el desistimiento como una figura aplicable a otros tipos penales y la no punibilidad de las conductas de peligro abstracto desde la teoría del delito e iter criminis.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HAEMODYNAMIC AND RECOVERY CHARACTERISTICS OF DESFLURANE VERSUS SEVOFLURANE IN PATIENTS UNDER GOING LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY
Authors: Bhensdadia Ankita
Published: December 2019

Laparoscopic surgeries are minimal invasive surgery very popular now a days as a day care surgery as it provide early
mobilization, shorter hospital stay. The main drawback is intra-operative hemodynamic instability due to
pneumoperitoneum. Therefore, anesthesiologist must choose anesthetic agent which provide hemodynamic stability and rapid recovery.
Inhaled anesthetics with low blood: gas partition contributes to faster induction and emergence from anesthesia. Both Desurane and Sevourane
have low blood: gas partition coefcient 0.42 and 0.65 respectively .We conducted the study to know which of these two agents contributes to
faster recovery and hemodynamics. CONCLUSION- Desurane and Sevourane provide stable intraoperative hemodynamic, however early and
intermediate recovery is signicantly faster in Desurane group than Sevourane grou
MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF OCCIPITAL CONDYLES IN ADULT DRY HUMAN SKULLS OF RAJASTHAN POPULATION
Authors: Sharma Devesh Kumar
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Skull is the most complex osseous structure in the body. Foramen magnum (FM) is an important landmark of the base of the
skull. Anteriorly on each side of FM oval occipital condyles are present. The occipital condyles project downwards to articulate with the superior
articular facets on lateral masses of the atlas vertebra to form synovial atlanto-occipital joint. Understanding the anatomy of the occipital condyles
is important for different approaches.
OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to morphometric analysis of occipital condyles and foramen magnum and its importance in transcondylar
approach.
MATERIALAND METHODS: The present study was carried out on 75 dry human skulls of unknown age and sex from Rajasthan population
from the department of Mahatma Gandhi Medical College Jaipur, Rajasthan.
All the measurements were taken with the help of digital vernier calipers.
RESULTS :The mean value of anterior intercondylar distance was 21.50mm and posterior intercondylar was 38.99mm. The mean anteroposterior diameter was 35.11±3.12mm ans transverse diameter was 29.35±3.48mm.
CONCLUSION :The occipital condyles form the lateral limits of the cranio-vertebral junction. The configuration and orientation of the occipital
condyles, as well as the location of the intracranial and extracranial orifices of hypoglossal canal may affect the lateral approaches to the craniovertebral junction
Geometric and Dynamic Application of Satellite Geodesy in Environmental Mapping: A Conceptual Review
Authors: Hart L. , Oba T. , Babalola A.
Published: December 2019

The impacts of satellite geodesy are being felt in all aspects of human development and environmental management. Its principal advantages stem from the global nature of its scope, the diversity of its sensors and the realtime capabilities to capture both visual, numerical and other data types for as long as desired and in all weather conditions. The capacity to pinpoint locations to high precision in fractions of a second and provide detailed geometric and graphical definitions of large swaths are proving useful for meeting the needs of a people desirous for automation in all aspects of human endeavours and for confronting the increasing challenges of sustainable development and environmental degradation. The most innovative facility provided by satellite geodesy is the technology of remote sensing which enables measurements of objects without physical contact for interpretative and mensurative analysis and mapping in static or kinematic modes. The aim of this paper is to showcase the contributions of satellite geodesy to sustainable environmental management its basic concepts and a brief exploration of some of its applications. The overall objective is to underscore its critical role in socio-economic development. The paper posits therefore that today’s rapidly changing environmental problems requiring static and realtime locational and graphical solutions can be solved through the facilities of satellite geodesy.
EFEITO DA ADUBAÇÃO FOLIAR COM LODO DE CURTUME NA BROTAÇÃO DE SECÇÕES DE CAULE DE ABACAXIZEIRO PARA PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS
Authors: Comério Marcone , Berilli Sávio da Silva , Lima Cássio Furtado , Pinho Leandro Glaydson da Rocha , Pereira Lucas Cellim , Pinheiro Ana Paula Braido , Berilli Ana Paula Candido Gabriel , De Oliveira Evandro Chaves , Araujo Fernanda de Oliveira
Published: December 2019

Com o foco na redução de custos, tem sido estudada a utilização do lodo de curtume na agricultura, devido às suas características de elevados teores de matéria orgânica e de sais inorgânicos, componentes com potencial fertilizante e corretivo de acidez do solo. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a produção e características das brotações de secções de caule do abacaxizeiro adubadas com lodo de curtume via foliar. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação no IFES, Campus Itapina. O método fundamentou-se em avaliar a produção e características das brotações de secções de caule do abacaxizeiro, tratadas com adubações via foliar semanal com lodo de curtume. Para análise experimental utilizou-se o Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições, perfazendo um total de 24unidades. Os tratamentos foram: Tratamento Convencional-TC (N e K na dose convencional); Tratamento testemunha -TA (Água pura); e as doses de lodo de curtume, equivalente a T50, tratamento com dose de lodo equivalendo a 50% do teor convencional de N, T100, tratamento com dose de lodo equivalente a 100% do teor convencional de N; e assim sucessivamente nos tratamentos T150 e T200. Os resultados evidenciaram a possibilidade de aproveitamento deste resíduo na produção de mudas de abacaxizeiro.
EXPLORING DEVOPS: CHALLENGES AND BENEFITS
Authors: P P Joby
Published: December 2019

The continuous evolving of the information technology towards the enhanced agile and collective strides of working from the document driven working has turned the focus to the features of the information system development and the operations. These agile approaches have paved way for the concepts that provide an incorporated development and operations coined as the DevOps. The DevOps is an enterprise software development and viewed as the appropriate perception for the simultaneous distribution and the positioning of the working software. It enhances and modifies the relationship by promoting improved communication and the cooperation among the business unit. However the adoption of the Development and the Operation being a complex task the paper presents the review on the challenges and the benefits of the DevOps and also explores the DevOps to offer an enhancement in the adoption of the DevOps in the information systems.
SECURE AND COST EFFICIENT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MOBILE COMPUTING USING OFFLOADING TECHNIQUE
Authors: Bashar Abul
Published: December 2019

The offloading techniques have become more prominent among the mobile computing due to the increased number of users and enormous amount of information flowing through the internet. The offloading techniques enhance the competence of the mobile computing by reducing the congestion in the network caused by increased number of users and the enormous data traffic experienced. However in many cases the authentication becomes very essential for the connection establishment. So the paper proposes a secure and cost efficient data offloading technique for the mobile computing to make it safe, secure with an effective management of network traffic. The performance analysis of the security measures proffered in the paper for authentication of the offloading techniques in terms of the security, cost and the delay in the offloading ensures that the proposed method is superior to the existing methods.
El programa bilingüe MECD/British Council, más de dos décadas de innovación educativa
Authors: Falcón Díaz Ángel , Jiménez Vivas Amparo , Urchaga LItago José David
Published: December 2019

Este artículo se centra en la descripción del Programa Bilingüe
MECD/British Council, pionero en la enseñanza bilingüe (español e inglés) en España, y todo un referente en Europa por sus características, pues desde sus inicios en
1996, con la firma del primer Convenio de Colaboración entre el entonces llamado
Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (MEC) español y el Consejo Británico (British
Council) en España, viene utilizando una metodología innovadora en el desarrollo de
la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de contenidos en dos idiomas, así como una organización propia, que les convierte en una experiencia educativa exitosa.
recepción de la causalidad en el Barroco
Authors: Lázaro Pulido Manuel
Published: December 2019

La doctrina del ejemplarismo de origen platónico fue una de las causas paradigmáticas medievales del agustinismo medieval. Su progresiva eliminación fue un síntomade la irrupción del pensamiento aristotélico. La modernidad aristotélica fue sustituyéndolo alreducir la causalidad a las cuatro causas aristotélicas. Fuera de la tradición aristotélica no seabandonó la causalidad ejemplar. Un caso lo tenemos en la referencia que hace FranciscoSuárez a la causa ejemplar. En este estudio situamos algunas claves del contexto de pensamiento sobre la causa ejemplar que recibió Francisco Suárez en diálogo con algunos otrosautores de la Escuela de Salamanca.
En torno a la creación. Un diálogo entre Hegel y John Dewey
Authors: Luque Moya Gloria
Published: December 2019

El análisis comparado entre Hegel y John Dewey ha sido desarrollado previamente debido a la influencia del filósofo alemán en el pensamiento inicial del pensador estadounidense. Este artículo se centra en la estética, y particularmente en el papel del arteen sus proyectos filosóficos. A lo largo de estas páginas se intenta mostrar cómo ambos autores defienden que el arte no se limita a copiar la naturaleza, sino que es una actividad genuina basada en la creación. Para ello, en primer lugar analizaré el origen del arte y la imaginación como facultad esencial para su creación y recepción. Después consideraré cómo ambos filósofos comparten que el punto de partida de la filosofía del arte será la visión cultural del mundo, la práctica auto-reflexiva de la cultura.
Liderazgo y "Cultura Guía"
Authors: Habermas Jürgen , Velasco Juan Carlos
Published: December 2019

Desde finales de agosto, Alemania ha estado perturbada por olas de excitación política en torno a la integración, el multiculturalismo y el papel de la cultura «nacional» como «cultura guía» (Leitkultur). Estos debates, a su vez, refuerzan lastendencias hacia el crecimiento de la xenofobia entre la población en general.
EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO E DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL: DESAFIOS PARA PESQUISAS E POLÍTICAS EDUCACIONAIS
Authors: Sá Kátia Oliver
Published: December 2019

Resumo: O artigo objetiva esclarecer duas questões prioritárias: 1. Que Educação do Campo e que Desenvolvimento Sustentável é possível estabelecer relações que possam contribuir para a concretização de pesquisas e alimentar políticas educacionais no Brasil com base em outros interesses não vigentes? 2. Mediante o desenvolvimento extensivo e intensivo do capitalismo no campo, que gera o recamponesação da população de trabalhadores rurais, que bases teórico-metodológicas podem fornecer pistas que alicercem uma proposta de Educação do Campo que esteja comprometida com os interesses dos trabalhadores do campo? A investigação exploratória realizada nos permitiu reconhecer, que tanto os movimentos da educação do campo como do desenvolvimento sustentável, possuem características próprias, que estabelecem nexos e relações de acordo com o grau das forças de interesses do desenvolvimento da luta de classes, que se coloca em disputa na sociedade capitalista.
La importancia de la investigación de enfermería en enfermedades crónicas
Authors: López-González Juan Alberto
Published: December 2019

Actualmente el cáncer, la enfermedad vascular cerebral, la hipertensión arterial y la diabetes son las EnfermedadesCrónicas (EC) con mayor prevalencia en la mortalidad e incapacidad física en los individuos en etapaproductiva (1, 2). Estos problemas de salud son considerados como la epidemia del siglo XXI y su principalcausa de indecencia es atribuida a la alimentación poco saludable, la inactividad física, la presencia de sobrepesoy obesidad, así como al consumo de alcohol y tabaco en la población, esto cómo producto del proceso deglobalización que se está viviendo actualmente.
Contraste de un modelo de fiabilidad social en función de emociones relativas a la seguridad pública
Authors: Carreón Guillén Javier , Hernández Valdés Jorge , Morales Flores María de Lourdes , García Lirios Cruz , Bustos Aguayo José Marcos
Published: December 2019

Estado y sociedad han transitado de relaciones coercitivas totalitarias hasta una gobernabilidad persuasiva democrática en la que los ciudadanos participan evaluando el accionar de sus gobernantes. En materia de seguridad pública, la sociedad civil se ha divido en dos sectores: observatorios ciudadanos y población vulnerable. El primer sector ha construido un diálogo con sus gobernantes mientras evalúa su desempeño y, a partir de su gestión, establece prioridades de prevención del delito y combate contra la delincuencia. Sin embargo, es en el sector vulnerable de la esfera civil donde se gesta una serie de emociones, consideradas en el presente trabajo de suma importancia para contrastar un modelo de desconfianza hacia las autoridades en función de emociones negativas. Para tal propósito, se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal con una muestra no probabilística de 270 residentes de una comunidad huasteca. Los análisis de normalidad (C = 3,211), confiabilidad (alfas > 0,60), adecuación (KMO = 0,762), esfericidad (c2 = 13,14; 11gl; p < 0,001), validez (Φ > 0,300), covarianza (0,90 < Φ > 0,10) y ajuste (c2 = 1,438; 3gl, p < 0,697; GFI = 0,987; RMR = 0,042; Holter = 240, p < 0,05; PRATIO = 0,300), muestran que el modelo estructural de trayectorias puede ser especificado para explicar la relación entre preocupación y desconfianza (β = 0,26). Con base en tales hallazgos se realizó una discusión con la Teoría de la Fiabilidad Social.
La alteridad como vector de la construcción del yo: La muerte me da de Cristina Rivera Garza y El Gran Vidrio de Mario Bellatin
Authors: Pitois Pallares Véronique
Published: December 2019

Este trabajo, dedicado a dos novelas y dos escritores contemporáneos, La muerte me da de Cristina Rivera Garza y El Gran Vidrio de Mario Bellatin, trata de evidenciar la manera en que las múltiples representaciones de la alteridad participan en la construcción textual del yo narrador, hasta convertirse en un elemento proteiforme e indispensable de este proceso. Se evocará, por ejemplo, el motivo de la metamorfosis tal como aparece en las novelas de Bellatin y Rivera Garza, en sus numerosas variantes: metamorfosis voluntaria, padecida o soñada, temida o esperada, de sí mismo o del otro... De igual modo nos enfocaremos en las manifestaciones discursivas y narrativas de la angustia o del gozo del desdoblamiento. Lo que se podría caracterizar como la escritura de la esquizofrenia nos llevará a estudiar su imagen en negativo: la escritura esquizofrénica de Mario Bellatin, esta pluma que no deja de contradecirse y desdecirse. La figura del otro llega a constituir un vector de introspección del yo narrador, por reacción ante la incomprensión ajena y la imposibilidad de comunicar debidamente con el otro, o al identificar al otro como una “extensión” de la introspección propia. Se verá finalmente que en última instancia, la figura del otro interviene como una alternativa salvadora, una vía de escape que permite soñarse otro, revelarse en el otro, en la ficción de sí.
Crescimento e produtividade do alho em diferentes densidades de cultivo
Authors: Strassburger André Samuel , Zanardi William , Buttow Miriam Valli , Strassburger Katiúscia Fonseca dos Santos , Lattuada Daiane Silva
Published: December 2019

Um dos fatores que influencia o crescimento e a produtividade do alho é a densidade de cultivo. Diferentes densidades para essa cultura podem ser determinadas tanto pela distância entre plantas dentro de cada fileira, como pelo arranjo das fileiras no canteiro. No Rio Grande do Sul, o alho é cultivado em fileiras simples ou duplas, com espaçamentos que variam de 8 a 12 cm entre plantas. Buscando identificar o arranjo espacial mais indicado para o alho, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento e a produtividade do alho cv. São Valentin de acordo com a densidade de cultivo definida pela disposição das fileiras e espaçamento entre plantas dentro das fileiras. Os fatores estudados foram: arranjo das fileiras (fileiras simples e fileiras duplas) e espaçamento entre plantas na linha (6, 8, 10 e 12 cm). Nas condições em que o trabalho foi realizado, com os resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que: fileiras duplas proporcionam maior crescimento e produtividade no cultivo do alho; a produtividade aumenta com o aumento da densidade de cultivo do alho; maiores densidades proporcionam menor qualidade da produção em termos de classificação do alho; recomenda-se densidade entre 8 e 10 cm na fileira e fileiras duplas para a obtenção de produtividades e qualidade da produção adequada.
PETER THE FIRST IN RUSSIAN LIBERAL DISCOURSE OF THE SECOND HALF OF XIXth AND THE BEGINNING OF XXth CENTURIES
Authors: Edunova T. Yu.
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to the analysis of the views of Russian liberal leaders of the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries on Peter I and his transformation. The subject of the article is the historical and publicistic works of such authors as M. Pogodin, S. Soloviev, K. Kavelin, B. Chicherin, P. Vinogradov, S. Frank. Using textological analysis, the author aims to analyze the assessments made by representatives of the liberal Russian public of Peter I.'s transformational activities. According to the author, representatives of the Russian liberal discourse spoke about Russia as a part of Europe primarily in the geographical sense, and the common destiny of Russia and Western European countries is often determined by geography. Thinkers believed that European culture found its place in Russia, which before Peter I distinguished by its originality and firmness of the original principles. The author concludes that Russian liberals recognized Europeanization as an organic historical phenomenon caused by the whole progress of development of the country and expressing its needs. In general, the Europeanization of Russia under Peter I was given a positive assessment. Europeanization was considered as a factor in the integration of the Russian state into the European processes and a guarantee of its economic and political development. At the same time, the transformation of Russia in the European direction, as liberal intellectuals believed, was unfinished. Pointing to the incompleteness of the transformation, liberal thinkers put forward various reasons for the incompleteness of the transformation along the European path. The general assessment of the Europeanization of Russia was associated with the assessment of the personality and the activities of the King-converter himself, including in connection with his role in strengthening the state and the autocratic system in Russia.
Uji Aktivitas Antijamur Fraksi Etanol Rimpang Temu Kunci ( Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb.) Schlecht) Terhadap Candida albicans Dan Trichophyton mentagrophytes Beserta Profil Kromatografi Lapis Tipisnya
Authors: Saryanti Dwi
Published: December 2019

Di Indonesia penyakit kulit dan kuku karena infeksi jamur masih sering dijumpai, terutama karena udara yang lembab dan panas, tingkat kesehatan yang kurang dan sanitasi lingkungan yang buruk. Penyakit tersebut di antaranya disebabkan oleh Candida albicans  dan Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Di sisi lain beberapa tanaman yang berasal dari suku Zingiberaceae, antara lain tanaman temu ireng, kunyit, temu giring dan temu lawak telah dibuktikan mempunyai aktivitas antijamur oleh peneliti terdahulu. Temu kunci merupakan salah satu tanaman yang berasal dari suku Zingberaceae, untuk itu telah dilakukan penelitian aktivitas fraksi etanol rimpang temu kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb.) Schlecht) terhadap jamur Candida albicans dan Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Uji aktivitas antijamur dilakukan dengan metode dilusi padat.  Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa KBM fraksi etanol temu kunci terhadap pertumbuhan jamur Candida albicans dan Trichophyton mentagrophytes  adalah sama yaitu 4%. Uji Kromatografi Lapis Tipis untuk meneliti kandungan senyawa dalam tanaman menggunakan fase gerak etil asetat : petroletum benzena (9:11) dengan pereaksi semprot vanilin-asam sulfat dan fase gerak etil asetat:metanol:air (100:13,5:10) dengan pereaksi semprot sitroborat dan uap NH3. Profil kromatrogram fraksi etanol temu kunci menunjukkan bahwa fraksi etanol temu kunci mengandung senyawa golongan terpenoid dan flavonoid.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION ZIC HILIC COULOMN FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF FUROSEMIDE AND INDAPAMIDE AS DOPING
Authors: Iswandi Iswandi
Published: December 2019

In sports, doping abuse done by athletes has been done since the 18th century. Many of the drugs used for doping and its chemical properties vary. Based on a list issued by the World Anti Doping Agency, one of the doping categories is diuretic. Then the most appropriate testing method is needed to seperation furosemide and indapamide. This study aims to see the development and validation of the separation furosemide and indapamide as doping compounds with High Performance Liquid using the Zic - HILIC column. This study used High Performance Liquid Chromatography of Shidmazu LC 20 AD brand with iso-fed pump and SPD 20A UV-Vis detector. The column used is Zic - HILIC (150 x 4.6 mm; 5 μm). This research is carried out on the optimization of conditions including mobile phase velocity, mobile phase pH, buffer of mobile phase, and buffer concentration. Selection of selected conditions see the price of R> 1.5 and N >>> or HETP <<<Optimized wavelength results 276 nm. The separation conditions of the furosemide and indapamide mixtures by HPLC using Zic-HILIC columns (150 x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) are Acetonitrile: Ammonium Acetate buffer (5 mM, pH 5) (95: 5) with a velocity of 0.5 ml / minute. The selected condition gives the given resolution value> 1.5 and the N price is the greatest. The method was than validated forSelectivity, linearity,accuracy, precision, limits ofdetection and limits ofquantification. The calibration curve of furosemide and indapamide were linear with a regression coefficient R > 0.999.
Keragaman dan Kelimpahan Plankton di Perairan Rawa Pening Ambarawa Kabupaten Semarang
Authors: Asmara Yovita Widya
Published: December 2019

Keberadaan bahan-bahan anorganik dan organik yang berasal dari sungai, sisa pakan, sisa metabolisme ikan, dan sisa pembusukan makrofita air dapat menjadi sumber nutrien. Salah satu organisme yang hidup di Rawa Pening Ambarawa adalah plankton yang dapat digunakan untuk mengevaluasi kestabilan komunitas pada perairan dengan mengkaji keragaman dan kelimpahannya. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman dan kelimpahan plankton perairan Rawa Pening Ambarawa Jawa Tengah ini dilakukan dari bulan Juli sampai September 2006. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei dan pengambilan sampel dibagi menjadi 3 zona (zona hulu, tengah, dan hilir) dengan 3 stasiun pada setiap zona. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah jumlah spesies dan jumlah individu serta parameter fisika kimia air perairan Rawa Pening. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis secara deskriptif dan aturan 50%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keragaman plankton yang ditemukan pada zona hulu sebanyak 30 genera dengan kelimpahan plankton 2.227 ind/l, pada zona tengah sebanyak 31 genera dengan kelimpahan plankton 2.753 ind/l, dan pada zona hilir sebanyak 29 genera dengan kelimpahan plankton 1.215 ind/l. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, keragaman dan kelimpahan plankton pada zona hulu, tengah, dan hilir adalah sama
Penelusuran Potensi Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Antioksidan Fraksi Kulit Pohon Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br)
Authors: Rollando Rollando
Published: December 2019

Penduduk Nusa Tenggara Timur memanfaatkan kulit batang tumbuhan Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br.) sebagai tumbuhan obat untuk mengobati penyakit liver, gastroentritis, dan penambah stamina. Kulit batang Faloak mengandung senyawa fenol, flavonoid, dan terpenoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis daya antibakteri dan antioksidan dari fraksi hasil pemisahan ekstrak etanol kulit Faloak. Fraksi 3 menunjukan aktivitas antibakteri yang tinggi (IC50) pada bakteri B. subtilis (90.51 µg/mL), E. coli (80.12 µg/mL), S.aureus (77,87 μg/mL), dan S.thypi (61.23 µg/mL). Uji aktivitas antioksidan menunjukan bahwa fraksi 2 mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan dan kandungan fenolik total yang paling tinggi (34,16 ± 0,76 mg GAE).
Pengaruh Amilum Singkong (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) Native dan Pregelatinized Terhadap Laju Disolusi Tablet Parasetamol
Authors: Putra I Gusti Ngurah Agung Dewantara , Murwanti Retno , Rohman Abdul , Sulaiman Teuku Nanda Saifullah
Published: December 2019

AbstractAmilum banyak digunakan sebagai eksipien dalam formulasi farmasi, salah satunya karena dapat dicampur dengan obat apapun dan bersifat inert tanpa menimbulkan reaksi kimia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode preparasi amilum singkong (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) native dan pregelatinized yang digunakan sebagai pengikat terhadap laju disolusi tablet parasetamol dengan metode granulasi. Amilum native dan amilum pregelatinized yang dihasilkan dari singkong diuji karakteristik sifat fisik untuk mengetahui kemampuan sebagai pengikat tablet. Tablet parasetamol yang dihasilkan dari ke dua metode dibandingkan laju disolusi dengan menggunakan medium buffer phosphate pada suhu 37 ± 0,5 °C (pH 5,8; 50 rpm). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode preparasi amilum singkong berpengaruh terhadap laju pelarutan tablet. Amilum pregelatinized sebagai pengikat pada tablet paracetamol menunjukkan nilai Q (93,17 ± 0,01)% sedangkan amilum native menunjukkan nilai Q (81,76 ± 0,20)%. Penggunaan amilum singkong pregelatinized sebagai pengikat pada tablet parasetamol menghasilkan sifat karakteristik fisik yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan amilum native.
Strategi Pelestarian dan Penyelamatan Khazanah Kesusastraan Melayu Klasik Koleksi Masyarakat di Beberapa Tempat di Sumatera
Authors: Seli Sesilia , Abu Hasan Mohammad Mokhtar Bin , Pramono Pramono
Published: December 2019

Sumatera merupakan sumber kesusastraan Melayu klasik dalam bentuk tertulis (naskah) yang penting di Indonesia. Di berbagai wilayahnya dapat ditemukan ribuan naskah yang mengandung teks kesusastraan Melayu klasik yang masih tersebar di tengah masyarakat sebagai koleksi pribadi. Namun demikian, sayangnya naskah yang biasanya ditulis sekitar abad XVII sampai akhir abad XIX sudah banyak yang rusak dan mendekati kerusakan. Adapun kerusakan naskah-naskah disebabkan oleh faktor fisiologis (faktor fisik dan umur naskah), mekanis (bencana alam dan benda lain) dan biologis (serangga dan mikroorganisme lain). Selain itu, ketidaktahuan pemilik naskah tentang cara merawat dan menyimpan naskah juga mempercepat kerusakan naskah. Kondisi ini ditambah lagi dengan sikap peneliti naskah di Indonesia yang lebih mementingkan teks daripada persoalan pelestarian naskah. Tulisan ini menawarkan strategi pelestarian dan penyelamatan kesusastraan Melayu klasik dalam bentuk naskah yang masih tersebar di beberapa wilayah di Sumatera. Sebelum itu, dalam tulisan ini disenaraikan beberapa usaha pelestarian dan penyelamatan naskah yang pernah dilakukan di Aceh, Riau, Kepulauan Riau, Sumatera Barat dan Jambi. Pelestarian dan penyelamatan naskah di wilayah ini terutama penyelamatan isi naskah melalui digitalisasi maupun fisiknya melalui perbaikan fisik naskahnya. Tulisan ini dimaksudkan untuk menggambarkan kondisi kesusastraan Melayu klasik dan strategi pelestarian dan penyelamatan khazanah kesusastraan Melayu klasik dalam bentuk naskah tersebut.
DHIKIR MAULUD NABI CARA JAWI: SEBUAH GENRE TEKS PROSA GUBAHAN DARI ARAB KE JAWA
Authors: Argo Prasetyo Dandung Adityo
Published: December 2019

Dhikir Maulud Nabi Cara Jawi merupakan naskah yang berbentuk prosa, bahasa yang digunakan adalah bahasa Jawa dan ditulis menggunakan aksara Jawa. Naskah ini dikategorikan ke dalam naskah Islam. Dhikir Maulud Nabi Cara Jawi adalah suatu naskah yang memuat tentang riwayat Nabi Muhammad yang dimulai dari sebuah Nur, mendapat tanda-tanda kenabian hingga beliau dewasa. Naskah ini merupakan naskah gubahan dari seorang ahli agama di kalangan keraton Yogyakarta dengan tujuan untuk mendekatkan umat Islam Jawa yang sebagian besar tidak mengerti bahasa Arab agar lebih paham dengan cerita Nabi Muhammad. Dhikir Maulud Nabi Cara Jawi bisa juga disebut dengan Al-Barzanji versi bahasa Jawa yang biasanya dibaca oleh umat Islam atau para santri di lingkungan pondok pesantren pada setiap peringatan hari kelahiran Nabi Muhammad.
INVENTARISASI DAN TERJEMAHAN TEKS SAKARATUL MAUT KARYA SYEKH IMAM TABRI (KAJIAN SEJARAH KEPUSTAKAAN ISLAM)
Authors: Sudrajad Ahmad Wahyu
Published: December 2019

Kepustakaan Jawa mengalami kebangkitan pada abad ke 18-19. Kebangkitan ini juga mengawali terbentuknya pusat intelektual Jawa di Kerajaan Surakarta. Dalam perkembangannya, Surakarta mampu menelurkan tiga pujangga besar keraton, mulai Yasadipura I sampai Rangga Warsita. Kebangkitan kepustakaan tersebut juga dialami oleh para ulama. Hal ini dikarenakan pada waktu itu genre atau kepustakaan yang sedang ramai dibuat adalah tentang piwulang. Genre itu dibuat karena pada waktu itu kerajaan Surakarta sedang mengalami pergeseran norma akibat kolonialisme Belanda. Tidak heran kepustakaan piwulang ini dibuat untuk memberikan pemahaman terhadap masyarakat Surakarta. Salah satunya adalah ulama Surakarta yang bernama Syekh Imam Tabri bin Muhammad Khassan Besari (pendiri pesantren Tinitar Tegalsari). Keluarga Besari ini mempunyai peranan penting dalam kepustakaan Jawa Islam di Surakarta. Salah satunya adalah dituliskannya teks Sakaratul Maut karya Syekh Imam Tabri di kisaran tahun 1850-an. Naskah ini belum terinventarisasi dan belum diterjemahkan. Oleh karena itu, di sini peneliti akan menuliskan inventarisasi dan juga terjemahan teks tersebut supaya mudah untuk dibaca masyarakat sekarang. Selain itu, peneliti juga akan mendeskripsikan isi dari teks tersebut.
AN INTEGRATED PICTURE FUZZY ANP-TODIM MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION-MAKING APPROACH FOR TOURISM ATTRACTION RECOMMENDATION
Authors: Tian Chao , Peng Juan-juan
Published: December 2019

In this paper, the picture fuzzy score and accuracy function are first defined. Then, a corresponding comparative method between two picture fuzzy numbers (PFNs) is developed. Next, a novel normalized picture fuzzy distance measure between two PFNs is disclosed, and part of the characteristics of the proposed distance measure are discussed. Afterwards, on the basis of the analytic network process (ANP) and an Acronym in Portuguese of Interactive and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (TODIM) methods, an integrated ANP-TODIM approach is developed to resolve multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) where the weights of the criteria are fully unknown. We use ANP approach to decide the weights of criteria on the basis of expert mean assessment method, and TODIM is utilized to obtain the ranking of alternatives. Finally, an illustrative example of an optimal tourism attraction recommendation is provided to testify applicability of the developed decision-making method and prove that its results are effective and reasonable.
Reverberation Measurements of the Inner Radii of the Dust Tori in Quasars
Authors: Minezaki Takeo , Yoshii Yuzuru , Kobayashi Yukiyasu , Sugawara Shota , Sakata Yu , Enya Keigo , Koshida Shintaro , Tomita Hiroyuki , Suganuma Masahiro , Aoki Tsutomu , Peterson Bruce A.
Published: December 2019

We present the results of a dust-reverberation survey of quasars at redshifts z < 0.6. We found a delayed response of the K-band flux variation after the optical flux variation in 25 out of 31 targets, and obtained the lag time between them for 22 targets. Combined with the results for nearby Seyfert galaxies, we provide the largest homogeneous collection of K-band dust-reverberation data for 36 type 1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs). This doubles the sample and includes the most distant AGN and the largest lag so far measured. We estimated the optical luminosity of the AGN component of each target using three different methods: spectral decomposition, the flux-variation-gradient method, and image decomposition. We found a strong correlation between the reverberation radius for the innermost dust torus and the optical luminosity over a range of approximately four orders of magnitude in luminosity, as is already known for Seyfert galaxies. We estimated the luminosity distances of the AGNs based on their dust-reverberation lags, and found that the data in the redshift–distance diagram are consistent with the current standard estimates of the cosmological parameters. We also present the radius–luminosity relations for isotropic luminosity indicators such as the hard X-ray (14–195 keV), [O IV] 25.89 μm, and mid-infrared (12 μm) continuum luminosities, which are applicable to obscured AGNs.
The Nature of the Broadband X-Ray Variability in the Dwarf Seyfert Galaxy NGC 4395
Authors: Kammoun E. S. , Nardini E. , Zoghbi A. , Miller J. M. , Cackett E. M. , Gallo E. , Reynolds M. T. , Risaliti G. , Barret D. , Brandt W. N. , Brenneman L. W. , Kaastra J. S. , Koss M. , Lohfink A. M. , Mushotzky R. F. , Raymond J. , Stern D.
Published: December 2019

We present a flux-resolved X-ray analysis of the dwarf Seyfert 1.8 galaxy NGC 4395, based on three archival XMM-Newton and one archival NuSTAR observations. The source is known to harbor a low-mass black hole (

) and shows strong variability in the full X-ray range during these observations. We model the flux-resolved spectra of the source assuming three absorbing layers: neutral, mildly ionized, and highly ionized (

,

, and 3.8 × 1022 cm−2, respectively). The source also shows intrinsic variability by a factor of ∼3 on short timescales, which is due to changes in the nuclear flux, assumed to be a power law (Γ = 1.6–1.67). Our results show a positive correlation between the intrinsic flux and the absorbers’ ionization parameter. The covering fraction of the neutral absorber varies during the first XMM-Newton observation, which could explain the pronounced soft X-ray variability. However, the source remains fully covered by this layer during the other two observations, largely suppressing the soft X-ray variability. This suggests an inhomogeneous and layered structure in the broad-line region. We also find a difference in the characteristic timescale of the power spectra between different energy ranges and observations. We finally show simulated spectra with XRISM, eXTP, and Athena, which will allow us to characterize the different absorbers, study their dynamics, and will help us identify their locations and sizes.
Acinetobacter spp in a Third World Country with Socio-economic and Immigrants Challenges
Authors: Dandachi Iman , Azar Eid , Hamouch Ramzi , Maliha Peter , Abdallah Samah , Kanaan Elie , Badawi Rebecca , Khairallah Tamara , Matar Ghassan M , Daoud Ziad
Published: December 2019

Introduction: In the last decade, Acinetobacter species have taken a major public health concern. This is mainly due the increased resistance to a wide range of antibiotics causing treatment challenges. In view of the constant population mobilization and the economic crisis that Lebanon is currently facing, it becomes a necessity to re-evaluate the real threat of Acinetobacter spp and its implication in the one health.

Methodology: This review was conducted through the analysis of 45 research papers and reports pertaining to Acinetobacter spp performed in Lebanon. More than 82% of the papers consulted were published in international journals and more than 70 percent of them had received impact factor.

Results: An in depth description of the involvement of this organism in human infection and its role as potential pathogen or simple colonizer was performed. In addition, the different aspects of resistance, mostly to carbapenems and colistin was studied and summarized. While in animals and environment, susceptible strains were mostly isolated, OXA-23/OXA-24 were predominant in humans. Recently, NDM-1 producing Acinetobacter spp was detected in a Syrian refugee which then was reported in Lebanese patients. The bacterial identification procedures are non-systematic and not always reliable in the Lebanese studies presenting sometimes discrepancies an inconsistency.

Conclusion: Acinetobacter is commonly isolated Lebanon. In view of the spread of resistance among these isolated and their dissemination, Infection control measures attempting to control the spread of this genus in and outside hospitals are lacking and thus require more attention and stewardship activities.
A glimpse of the bacteriome of Hyalomma dromedarii ticks infesting camels reveals human Helicobacter pylori pathogen
Authors: Elbir Haitham , Almathen Faisal , Alhumam Naser A
Published: December 2019

Introduction: The tick Hyalomma dromedarii is predominant in camels of Saudi Arabia and harbor multiple pathogens causing disease in humans and animals. Knowing the bacterial community of ticks is crucial for surveillance of known and newly emerging pathogens. Yet, the bacteriome of H. dromedarii remain unexplored to date.

Methodology: In a cross-sectional survey, we used V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA to characterize the bacteriome of 62 whole H. dromedarii tick samples collected from camels found in Hofuf city in Saudi Arabia.

Results: Sequencing results yielded 217 species incorporated into 114 genera, which in turn belong to the dominant phylum Proteobacteria (98%) followed by Firmicutes (1.38%), Actinobacteria (0.36%), Bacteroidetes (0.17%), meanwhile the phyla Cyanobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and unclassified bacteria were rarely detected. Francisella endosymbiont dominated the bacteriome of H. dromedarii ticks with average abundance of 94.37% and together with Salincoccus sp. accounted for 94.51% of the average sequences. The remaining bacteriome consisted of low abundance of potential pathogens and environmental bacteria. Of these pathogens, we found Helicobacter pylori in the tick H. dromedarii for the first time. Notably, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia and Rickettsia pathogens known to be found in H. dromedarii ticks were not detected.

Conclusion: This first preliminary study advances our knowledge about the bacterial community of H. dromedarii ticks and provides a basis for pathogen surveillance and studying the influences of symbionts on vector competence. Presence of pathogens in ticks, raise concerns about potential transmission of these agents to humans or animals.
A new antibiotic stewardship program approach is effective on inappropriate surgical prophylaxis and discharge prescription
Authors: Karaali Cem , Emiroglu Mustafa , Atalay Sabri , Sert Ismail , Dursun Ayberk , Kose Sukran , Akbulut Gokhan , Aydın Cengiz
Published: December 2019

Introduction: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a new antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) on surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SP) and antibiotics in discharge prescriptions used as a continuation of SP.

Methodology: The study included elective patients with clean and clean-contaminated wounds. The accuracy of the assigned SP was evaluated according to international guidelines. Primary outcome measures comprised appropriateness of prophylactic antibiotic indication, correct timing of initial dose, discontinuation of SP within 24 hours, and antibiotic prescription at discharge. A secondary outcome measure was to determine whether the effect of ASP was sustained long-term.

Results: The total compliance rate for all stages of SP increased from 8% to 52.1% after the intervention (p < 0.05). When analyzed according to individual SP components, it was found that although ASP did not change first dose timing rates, it did affect the rates of prophylactic antibiotic indication, discontinuation of SP within 24 hours and antibiotic prescription at discharge, with statistical significance (p < 0.05). In addition, ASP continued to increase its effectiveness throughout the 3rd year.

Conclusions: Based on the findings of our study, it seems clear that the modified ASP introduced in our general surgery clinic can be used effectively and simply; in addition, this ASP increases its efficacy with time.