bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Water Source and Trout Strain on Expression of Stress-Affected Genes in a Commercial Setting
Authors: Welker Thomas L , Overturf Ken , Abernathy Jason
Published: February 2018

Reduced water quality is a common problem in intensive fish culture that limits production and can affect fish mortality. In this study, two strains of juvenile Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (initial weight ~ 210 g) were exposed to first-, third-, and fifth-use water from raceways (the source spring and after two and four raceway passes) at a commercial Rainbow Trout farm for 90 d. Fish were sampled at 10 and 90 d poststocking to examine the effect of water source on the stress response and stress-affected gene expression (gill, kidney, liver, and spleen). Water quality, especially dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and total dissolved solids, was poorer in fifth-use water, causing significantly lower growth performance and an elevated stress response in Rainbow Trout. All six “stress-affected” genes examined—superoxide dismutase (SOD), regulator of G-protein signaling (REGPS), growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein (GADD45a), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), FK506-binding protein 2 (FKBP2), and catalase (CAT; unchanged in gill and spleen)—were differentially expressed as water quality deteriorated from first- to fifth-use water, and the length of exposure also affected the expression of most genes. The uniformity of response of these genes to water quality stress makes them candidates as potential biomarkers for identification of stressful conditions and for further understanding effects on Rainbow Trout performance in intensive culture systems.
Maximizing sensitivity for fast GABA edited spectroscopy in the visual cortex at 7 T
Authors: Hendriks Arjan D. , Fracasso Alessio , Arteaga de Castro Catalina S. , Gosselink Mark W.J.M. , Luijten Peter R. , Petridou Natalia , Klomp Dennis W.J.
Published: February 2018

The combination of functional MRI (fMRI) and MRS is a promising approach to relate BOLD imaging to neuronal metabolism, especially at high field strength. However, typical scan times for GABA edited spectroscopy are of the order of 6‐30 min, which is long compared with functional changes observed with fMRI.

The aim of this study is to reduce scan time and increase GABA sensitivity for edited spectroscopy in the human visual cortex, by enlarging the volume of activated tissue in the primary visual cortex. A dedicated setup at 7 T for combined fMRI and GABA MRS is developed. This setup consists of a half volume multi‐transmit coil with a large screen for visual cortex activation, two high density receive arrays and an optimized single‐voxel MEGA‐sLASER sequence with macromolecular suppression for signal acquisition.

The coil setup performance as well as the GABA measurement speed, SNR, and stability were evaluated. A 2.2‐fold gain of the average SNR for GABA detection was obtained, as compared with a conventional 7 T setup. This was achieved by increasing the viewing angle of the participant with respect to the visual stimulus, thereby activating almost the entire primary visual cortex, allowing larger spectroscopy measurement volumes and resulting in an improved GABA SNR. Fewer than 16 signal averages, lasting 1 min 23 s in total, were needed for the GABA fit method to become stable, as demonstrated in three participants. The stability of the measurement setup was sufficient to detect GABA with an accuracy of 5%, as determined with a GABA phantom. In vivo, larger variations in GABA concentration are found: 14‐25%. Overall, the results bring functional GABA detections at a temporal resolution closer to the physiological time scale of BOLD cortex activation.
Time to Peak Weight Loss During Extended Behavioral Treatment
Authors: Butryn Meghan L. , Call Christine C. , Schumacher Leah M. , Kerrigan Stephanie G. , Forman Evan M.
Published: February 2018

Objective

This study was designed to examine the variability in timing of peak weight loss in behavioral treatment (BT), that is, when treatment participants reach their greatest amount of cumulative weight loss.

Methods

Secondary data analyses were conducted, drawing upon data from two clinical trials that provided 12 months of group‐based BT, with sessions meeting less frequently in the second half of the treatment year. Weight was measured at the beginning of each treatment session.

Results

Cumulative proportions of participants reaching peak weight loss were as follows: 25.0% of study 1 and 20.0% of study 2 participants by month 4; 43.2% of study 1 and 52.2% of study 2 participants by month 6; 54.5% of study 1 and 77.8% of study 2 participants by month 8. Among participants who peaked after 4 months, the mean amount of additional weight loss achieved between 4 months and the peak session was 4.74 kg in study 1 and 4.07 kg in study 2.

Conclusions

Substantial variability in the timing of peak weight loss was observed, with larger than expected proportions of participants reaching their greatest amount of cumulative weight loss in the final months of treatment. This variability may create methodological and clinical challenges.
Correlates and predictors of obesity‐specific quality of life of former participants of a residential intensive lifestyle intervention
Authors: Elbe A.‐M. , Elsborg P. , Dandanell S. , Helge J. W.
Published: February 2018

Introduction

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between weight loss during and after a unique type of weight loss intervention, namely, a residential intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI), and participants' obesity‐specific health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) several years after the intervention. In the residential ILI under investigation, participants attended a 10‐ to 12‐week long course away from their daily living environment, namely, at Ubberup Folk High School located in Denmark.

Methods

A total of 79 former participants (31 male, mean age 36.6; SD = 12.7 years) who had participated in the intervention on average 5.3 (SD = 3.2) years ago were recruited for this study. They completed a questionnaire on weight‐related quality of life (IWQOL‐lite) and physical activity, as well as measurements of VO2max, blood pressure, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, waist circumference and hand grip strength.

Results

The study results showed that weight change after the end of the intervention could predict HRQOL whereas how much weight they lost during the intervention could not. Furthermore, almost all of the investigated physiological factors were related to participants' current HRQOL. Waist circumference showed relationships with four of the five aspects of HRQOL.

Conclusion

Focusing on behavioural change, adhering to improved lifestyle and maintaining weight loss after the end of the intervention seem to be the key not only for cardio‐metabolic risk factors but also for sustainable HRQOL.
Preparation and characterization of poly(2‐methyl‐1,5‐pentamethylene oxamide) (PM52) polymer
Authors: Mutua Fredrick Nzioka , Gao Yuanbo , Yang Tingting , Zhu Bo , He Yong
Published: February 2018

Poly(2‐methyl‐1,5‐pentaneoxamide) (PM52) with relative viscosity up to 3.3 were synthesized using 2‐methyl‐1,5‐pentanediamine (M52) and dibutyl oxalate via spray/melt polycondensation. The obtained polyoxamide was characterized by FTIR, 1H‐NMR, WAXD, DSC, and TGA. The Tm of PM52 was 200°C with a heat of fusion (ΔHf) of 59.7 J·g−1, crystallization temperature of 125°C, and a crystallization enthalpy (ΔHc) of 42.6 J·g−1. Isothermal crystallization studies revealed a 2‐dimensional crystallization phenomenon which didn't vary with change in crystallization temperature. TGA analysis revealed that the thermal stability of PM52 compared well with commercial PA6, and XRD studies revealed an α form of crystal structure and that the polymers possessed good crystallinity. Saturated water absorption of 4.6 wt% was recorded for the new polyoxamide synthesized as compared with 10.6 wt% for commercial PA6; such properties are good for applications in the food industry, plastics, and electronics industry where dimensional stability is a key requirement.
Cover Image, Volume 67, Issue 3
Authors: Anjum Sadiya , Gurave Pramod M , Gupta Bhuvanesh
Published: February 2018

The cover image, by Sadiya Anjum et al., is based on the Research Article Calcium ion‐induced self‐healing pattern of chemically crosslinked poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels, DOI: 10.1002/pi.5517.

image
John D. Roberts, his beginnings at UCLA, his transformation of physical organic chemistry, and his impact on science
Authors: Houk Kendall N. , Liu Fang
Published: February 2018

This is a short account of the life and accomplishments of John D. Roberts on the occasion of his 100th birthday. Jack Roberts' education at the University of California, Los Angeles, his extraordinary career, and chemical discoveries contributed to the development of physical organic chemistry as a pervasive force on science.
The acceptability and feasibility of lay‐health led interventions for the prevention and early detection of cancer
Authors: McWilliams Lorna , Bellhouse Sarah , Yorke Janelle , Cowan Richard , Heaven Catherine M. , French David P.
Published: February 2018

Background

US‐based evidence suggests that lay‐health worker (LHW) interventions can increase awareness around cancer risk‐related lifestyles, symptom recognition, and screening programme uptake. The suitability of LHW interventions in the UK and the potential barriers and facilitators for implementation is currently unknown. This study explored the acceptability and feasibility of developing LHW interventions for cancer prevention, screening, and early diagnosis.

Methods

Purposive sampling recruited 5 separate lay groups: (1) completed cancer treatment; (2) friends/family of cancer patients; (3) cancer hospital volunteers; (4) cancer charity volunteers; and (5) members of the public. Audio‐recorded focus groups and semi‐structured interviews were transcribed for thematic analysis using framework matrices.

Results

Forty‐one people (66% female, aged 23‐84 years) participated. Three main themes are reported: (1) scope of LHW roles, with a clear remit embedded within communities or primary care practices; (2) defining LHW tasks, with a focus on supporting people overcome barriers including lack of cancer symptom knowledge and non‐attendance at screening; and (3) clear boundaries, with LHW training and on‐going support from healthcare staff seen as key for intervention success. All groups were uncomfortable about having lifestyle‐related risk conversations and potentially inflicting guilt. The post‐treatment group expressed less concern about the possible emotional impact of discussing cancer symptoms, compared with the other groups.

Conclusions

LHW interventions to promote early diagnosis or screening were generally considered acceptable in a UK context. LHW interventions focussing on reducing cancer risk may be less feasible.
Measurement of the Emission Lifetime of a GaN Interface Fluctuation Quantum Dot by Power Dependent Single Photon Dynamics
Authors: Gao Kang , Holmes Mark , Arita Munetaka , Arakawa Yasuhiko
Published: February 2018

Photon autocorrelation measurements are used to investigate the power dependent single photon emission of recently reported interface fluctuation GaN quantum dots (QDs), which exhibit relatively narrow emission linewidths. The intrinsic exciton lifetime of such a dot is evaluated to be 2.0 ± 0.1 ns from its power dependent single photon dynamics. This result is comparable with typical SK GaN QDs that emit at similar energy, and provides further evidence that the relatively narrow emission linewidth in such structures results from a cleaner dot environment.
Thin Film Logic Circuits with Amorphous SiInZnO Channel Layer Annealed at Different Atmospheres for Next‐Generation Integrated Circuits
Authors: Lee Byeong Hyeon , Lee Sang Yeol
Published: February 2018

In this study, amorphous‐oxide‐based thin film logic circuits are fabricated using only an n‐type silicon‐indium‐zinc‐oxide (a‐SIZO) active channel layer annealed at different atmospheres (N2 or air). More carriers are present in the N2 atmosphere than in the air because the number of oxygen vacancies (VO) formed is higher. The inverters (NOT logic circuits) are simply fabricated by adopting different Vth, adjusted by using different annealing atmospheres. The inverters have high voltage gain values of 11.64 and 9.99 at VDD = 5 V. A higher gain is obtained when the thin film transistor annealed in N2 is used in the enhancement mode. The reason for this is closely related to the subthreshold slope value. Furthermore, more complex n‐type‐based NAND and NOR thin‐film circuits are fabricated by simply adopting different annealing atmospheres, and are confirmed to operate like the logic gates. This simple fabrication method of thin‐film logic circuits can open up the possibility for the implementation of next‐generation integrated circuits.
Self‐Induced Nucleation Growth of GaN Columns by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Ramírez‐González Francisco S. , García‐Salgado Godofredo , Morales Crisóforo , Díaz Tomás , Rosendo Enrique , Nieto‐Caballero Fabiola G. , Luna José A. , Coyopol Antonio , Romano Román , Galeazzi Reina , Martínez Hugo
Published: February 2018

GaN columns are grown by (1 1 1) GaAs nitridation at 1000 °C. GaAs wafers are used as a substrate and Ga source. The nitridation is performed using a hydrogen and ammonia flow mix into a horizontal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system at atmospheric pressure. XRD in correlation with pole figure shows that the structure is wurtzite with a (0 0 0 2) preferential plane. The SEM images show the growth of GaN columns with an agglomerate formation on top. EDS results show that the agglomerate is Ga rich, suggesting a self‐induced nucleation growth. The growth mechanism is discussed briefly. The average diameter and length of the columns are around 1.2 and 10 µm, respectively. The method reported here do not use a template or foreign metallic particles catalyst.
Terahertz Electroluminescence of Shallow Impurities in AlGaN/GaN Heterostructures at Temperatures above 80 K
Authors: Grigelionis Ignas , Jakštas Vytautas , Janonis Vytautas , Kašalynas Irmantas , Prystawko Pawel , Kruszewski Piotr , Leszczyński Michal
Published: February 2018

In this work terahertz (THz) electroluminescence of shallow impurities in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transitor (HEMT) structures are studied at temperatures above 80 K. The samples are excited with electric field pulses of up to 300 V cm−1 and duration of  ms. The THz emission spectra are measured in vacuumed environment by means of infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. Resonant 1s − 2p electron transitions in energy levels of residual oxygen and silicon impurities are observed at temperatures above 80 K. A comparison of the area under the shallow impurities electroluminescence signal correlates with the growth conditions of the AlGaN/GaN heterostructures. In such a way a method to monitor the ratio between ionized shallow impurities in unintentionally doped AlGaN/GaN HEMT structures in the THz frequency range is proposed. In addition, the resonant electroluminescence signals are found intermixed with the THz emission caused by the hot electron transitions from conduction band to shallow donors as well as the black‐body radiation of heated AlGaN/GaN HEMT channel. It is found that the temperature increase of the conductive channel greatly suppressed the electroluminescence signal. Therefore, a proper cooling of the sample should be provided in advance.
Predicting the primary fragments in mass spectrometry usingab initioRoby–Gould bond indices
Authors: Alhameedi Khidhir , Bohman Björn , Karton Amir , Jayatilaka Dylan
Published: February 2018

There is currently a lack of computational methods supporting the elucidation of unknown compounds by mass spectrometry. In this study, we develop and evaluate seven different protocols, based on theab initioRoby–Gould bond indices [Gouldet al., Theor. Chem. Acc., 2008, 119, 275] for predicting the mass‐to‐charge ratio of the highest intensity peak (base peak) in electron impact mass spectra. The protocols are applied to a dataset of 75 molecules, including five directly targeted semiochemicals. The Roby–Gould bond indices are also surveyed exhaustively, for the first time, for a dataset of 103 molecules with 682 CC bonds. For neutral species we find that the bond indices are, as may be expected, highly correlated with the bond length; for cations, although there is a correlation, the bond indices are more variable. One of our protocols, protocol MG, correctly predicts the base peak in the mass spectra for 65 out of 75 cases. The correct base peak was calculated for three out of five targeted natural products.
Binding maps for the study and prediction of bimetallic catalyst surface reactions: The case of methanol oxidation
Authors: Gormley Eoghan L. , Berger Robert F.
Published: February 2018

Focusing on the competing pathways of methanol oxidation on platinum and platinum/gold bimetallic catalysts, we explore a novel density functional theory (DFT)‐based approach to the study of reactions on catalyst surfaces. Traditionally, DFT has been used to compute binding energies of products and intermediates as proxies for catalytic activity, and to compute full reaction pathways and their activation energy barriers. Merging the computational simplicity and intuitive clarity of binding energy calculations with the site sensitivity of transition state calculations, we construct maps of the binding energies of relevant atoms and molecules at all sites on a surface. We show that knowledge of the arrangement of strong and weak binding sites on a surface is powerful in rationalizing the ease with which a reaction step proceeds on a given local motif of surface atoms. We highlight the prospects and challenges of this approach toward catalyst screening and prediction.
Lung parenchymal involvement of primary bone marrow follicular lymphoma: a rare case study
Authors: Minemura Hiroyuki , Hojo Hiroshi , Saito Miwako , Nikaido Takefumi , Suzuki Tomoko , Niitsuma Katsunao
Published: February 2018

A 76‐year‐old man presented with shortness of breath. Computed tomography revealed ground‐glass opacity and interlobular thickening in the right lower lobe. Blood examination showed elevated levels of white blood cell count and lymphocytes. Bone marrow aspiration revealed low‐grade follicular lymphoma. Histopathological examination of the surgical lung biopsy from the right lower lobe demonstrated usual interstitial pneumonia and scattered aggregation of lymphocytes with poorly formed non‐necrotizing granuloma. An 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (18F‐FDG PET‐CT) did not show intense uptake in areas other than the right lower lobe. We concluded that the granuloma in the lung was presumed to be a sarcoid reaction associated with bone marrow follicular lymphoma, and the intense 18F‐FDG uptake in the right lower lobe might have been due to a sarcoid reaction. Immunohistochemistry or other genetic examinations are important even if 18F‐FDG uptake on PET‐CT seems to be a false‐positive because of the possibility of a sarcoid reaction.
Inverse optimal control for strict‐feedforward nonlinear systems with input delays
Authors: Cai Xiushan , Lin Cong , Liu Leipo , Zhan Xisheng
Published: February 2018

We consider inverse optimal control for strict‐feedforward systems with input delays. A basic predictor control is designed for compensation for this class of nonlinear systems. Furthermore, the proposed predictor control is inverse optimal with respect to a meaningful differential game problem. For a class of linearizable strict‐feedforward system, an explicit formula for compensation for input delay, which is also inverse optimal with respect to a meaningful differential game problem, is also acquired. A cart with an inverted pendulum system is given to illustrate the validity of the proposed method.
Nitrogen‐Doped Single Graphene Fiber with Platinum Water Dissociation Catalyst for Wearable Humidity Sensor
Authors: Choi Seon‐Jin , Yu Hayoung , Jang Ji‐Soo , Kim Min‐Hyeok , Kim Sang‐Joon , Jeong Hyeon Su , Kim Il‐Doo
Published: February 2018

Humidity sensors are essential components in wearable electronics for monitoring of environmental condition and physical state. In this work, a unique humidity sensing layer composed of nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide (nRGO) fiber on colorless polyimide film is proposed. Ultralong graphene oxide (GO) fibers are synthesized by solution assembly of large GO sheets assisted by lyotropic liquid crystal behavior. Chemical modification by nitrogen‐doping is carried out under thermal annealing in H2(4%)/N2(96%) ambient to obtain highly conductive nRGO fiber. Very small (≈2 nm) Pt nanoparticles are tightly anchored on the surface of the nRGO fiber as water dissociation catalysts by an optical sintering process. As a result, nRGO fiber can effectively detect wide humidity levels in the range of 6.1–66.4% relative humidity (RH). Furthermore, a 1.36‐fold higher sensitivity (4.51%) at 66.4% RH is achieved using a Pt functionalized nRGO fiber (i.e., Pt‐nRGO fiber) compared with the sensitivity (3.53% at 66.4% RH) of pure nRGO fiber. Real‐time and portable humidity sensing characteristics are successfully demonstrated toward exhaled breath using Pt‐nRGO fiber integrated on a portable sensing module. The Pt‐nRGO fiber with high sensitivity and wide range of humidity detection levels offers a new sensing platform for wearable humidity sensors.
Intertranslatability, Theoretical Equivalence, and Perversion
Authors: Woods Jack ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: February 2018

I investigate syntactic notions of theoretical equivalence between logical theories and a recent objection thereto. I show that this recent criticism of syntactic accounts, as extensionally inadequate, is unwarranted by developing an account which is plausibly extensionally adequate and more philosophically motivated. This is important for recent anti-exceptionalist treatments of logic since syntactic accounts require less theoretical baggage than semantic accounts.
Merger and acquisition motives and outcome assessment
Authors: Hassan Ibne , Ghauri Pervez N. , Mayrhofer Ulrike
Published: February 2018

Research on merger and acquisition (M&A) outcome often focuses on tangible financial results and the reaction of stock markets. This research attempts to provide a more accurate assessment of M&A performance by linking tangible as well as intangible M&A motives to outcome assessment. The theoretical framework is based on evaluation theory. We analyze four case studies of international M&As conducted by European companies. The findings indicate that M&A outcome can be more accurately measured by aligning it with the motives defined by the acquiring firms. They suggest that M&A outcome assessment should be considered as a process covering both premerger and postmerger stages.
Modal regression using kernel density estimation: A review
Authors: Chen Yen‐Chi
Published: February 2018

We review recent advances in modal regression studies using kernel density estimation. Modal regression is an alternative approach for investigating the relationship between a response variable and its covariates. Specifically, modal regression summarizes the interactions between the response variable and covariates using the conditional mode or local modes. We first describe the underlying model of modal regression and its estimators based on kernel density estimation. We then review the asymptotic properties of the estimators and strategies for choosing the smoothing bandwidth. We also discuss useful algorithms and similar alternative approaches for modal regression, and propose future direction in this field.

This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Bayesian Methods and Theory

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Nonparametric Methods

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Density Estimation
A Polymorphic Gold(III) Complex Comprising a Multifunctional Triazolylpropanamide Ligand
Authors: Liebing Phil , Wang Ling , Gilje John W. , Kühling Marcel , Edelmann Frank T.
Published: February 2018

Reaction of HAuCl4·4H2O with the multifunctional ligand 3‐(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)propanamide (1, TPA) afforded the polymorphic gold(III) complex AuCl3(TPA) (2) in 75 % yield. Thermal decomposition of the latter revealed the hydrochloride [HTPA]Cl (3). Complex 2 forms a stable monoclinic and a metastable triclinic modification. The crystal structures of both modifications feature infinite supramolecular assemblies formed by secondary Au···Cl bonding interactions and hydrogen bonding.
Patterns of wounding in hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) in North American zoos
Authors: Wiley Jodi N. , Leeds Austin , Carpenter Kamisha D. , Kendall Corinne J.
Published: February 2018

In North American zoos, hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) have traditionally been housed as single one‐male units (single male groups). In recent years, efforts have been made to house hamadryas in groups composed of multiple one‐male units (multi‐male groups) to more closely mirror their natural social structure, in addition to all‐male or bachelor groups to manage surplus males. Given that the majority of social conflict in hamadryas occurs between males during the acquisition and defense of females, it was thought that managing hamadryas in these multi‐male groups would result in increased rates of wounding. To assess this, incidences of wounding were recorded over one year across seven zoos (10 social groups, 59 individuals). Overall, we found no difference in wounding rates between group types, or by sex, and group type. These data provide evidence that managing hamadryas in multi‐male and bachelor groups is an effective husbandry practice that does not negatively impact the welfare of the individuals, in addition to providing a more species‐appropriate social setting for hamadryas in zoos. As the management of hamadryas in multi‐male and bachelor groups continues and expands, additional research will be needed to understand what factors contribute to optimal cohesion, and welfare of groups and if wounding rates change as group size continues to increase.
Topographic staging of tau positron emission tomography images
Authors: Schwarz Adam J. , Shcherbinin Sergey , Slieker Lawrence J. , Risacher Shannon L. , Charil Arnaud , Irizarry Michael C. , Fleisher Adam S. , Southekal Sudeepti , Joshi Abhinay D. , Devous Michael D. , Miller Bradley B. , Saykin Andrew J. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: February 2018

Introduction

It has been proposed that the signal distribution on tau positron emission tomography (PET) images could be used to define pathologic stages similar to those seen in neuropathology.

Methods

Three topographic staging schemes for tau PET, two sampling the temporal and occipital subregions only and one sampling cortical gray matter across the major brain lobes, were evaluated on flortaucipir F 18 PET images in a test‐retest scenario and from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2.

Results

All three schemes estimated stages that were significantly associated with amyloid status and when dichotomized to tau positive or negative were 90% to 94% concordant in the populations identified. However, the schemes with fewer regions and simpler decision rules yielded more robust performance in terms of fewer unclassified scans and increased test‐retest reproducibility of assigned stage.

Discussion

Tau PET staging schemes could be useful tools to concisely index the regional involvement of tau pathology in living subjects. Simpler schemes may be more robust.
Migração intrapélvica do parafuso cefálico da haste intramedular longa para fêmur proximal: Relato de caso*
Authors: Cavalcante Elton Luiz Batista , de Faria Fernando Junqueira , Rodrigues Rubens Azevedo , Ribeiro Filho José Eduardo Grandi , de Oliveira Saulo Gomes , Elias Nelson
Published: February 2018

O uso dos dispositivos cefalomedulares tem ganhado popularidade no tratamento das fraturas do fêmur proximal. Apesar das vantagens biomecânicas, várias complicações são descritas, entre as quais a migração medial do parafuso cefálico é pouco conhecida. Os autores apresentam um caso dessa complicação incomum em um implante de haste longa tratada em dois tempos cirúrgicos para a retirada dos implantes e posterior osteossíntese com placa bloqueada para fêmur proximal, assim como o desfecho até a consolidação da fratura e resolução do caso.
COMPLEXITY OF SHORT GENERATING FUNCTIONS
Authors: NGUYEN DANNY , PAK IGOR
Published: February 2018

We give complexity analysis for the class ofshort generating functions. Assuming#P$\not \subseteq$FP/poly, we show that this class is not closed under taking many intersections, unions or projections of generating functions, in the sense that these operations can increase the bit length of coefficients of generating functions by a super-polynomial factor. We also prove thattruncated theta functionsare hard for this class.
Strengthening the Capacity of Education Staff to Support the Wellbeing of Indigenous Students in Boarding Schools: A Participatory Action Research Study
Authors: Heyeres Marion , McCalman Janya , Langham Erika , Bainbridge Roxanne , Redman-MacLaren Michelle , Britton Amelia , Rutherford Katrina , Tsey Komla
Published: February 2018

In meeting the social and emotional learning (SEL) needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students, the capacities of school staff are critical. There is very limited evidence for relevant capacity development initiatives. This evaluation reports a multicomponent SEL training intervention delivered to staff of an Australian education service that operates independently of any particular school to assist with the transitions of students from remote communities to boarding schools. A participatory action research (PAR) approach was implemented over 13-months with 21 staff participants. Results from a pre-, mid- and six months post-training survey and staff interviews were analysed and fed back through reflective group discussions. The training was associated with improved staff attitudes to mental health and skills to support student wellbeing. Sixteen participants received a tertiary qualification. Despite ‘working in challenging environments’, staff were ‘dedicated to help’ students, and ‘acknowledged the need for change’ to better support student wellbeing. However, given the service's brokering role between families and schools, fewer staff members reported feeling empowered to influence issues in their workplace. The evaluation demonstrated the value of SEL training for education staff and potential utility for school teachers and boarding staff who have direct duty of care for Indigenous students. The multicomponent training described in this study would need to be condensed for school settings.
In your face
Authors: Peterson Johnathan Caleb , Jacobs Carly , Hibbing John , Smith Kevin
Published: February 2018

Research suggests that people can accurately predict the political affiliations of others using only information extracted from the face. It is less clear from this research, however, what particular facial physiological processes or features communicate such information. Using a model of emotion developed in psychology that treats emotional expressivity as an individual-level trait, this article provides a theoretical account of why emotional expressivity may provide reliable signals of political orientation, and it tests the theory in four empirical studies. We find statistically significant liberal/conservative differences in self-reported emotional expressivity, in facial emotional expressivity measured physiologically, in the perceived emotional expressivity and ideology of political elites, and in an experiment that finds that more emotionally expressive faces are perceived as more liberal.
Estimating the water use efficiency of spring barley using crop models
Authors: Pohanková E. , Hlavinka P. , Orság M. , Takáč J. , Kersebaum K. C. , Gobin A. , Trnka M.
Published: February 2018

In the current study, simulations by five crop models (WOFOST, CERES-Barley, HERMES, DAISY and AQUACROP) were compared for 7–12 growing seasons of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) at three sites in the Czech Republic. The aims were to compare how various process-based crop models with different calculation approaches simulate different values of transpiration (Ta) and evapotranspiration (ET) based on the same input data and compare the outputs of these simulations with reference data. From the outputs of each model, the water use efficiency (WUE) from Ta (WUETa) and from actual ET (WUEETa) was calculated for grain yields and above-ground biomass yield. The results of the first part of the study show that the model with the Penman approach for calculating ET simulates lower actual ET (ETa) sums, at an average of 250 mm during the growing season, than other models, which use the Penman–Monteith approach and simulate 330 mm on average during the growing season. In the second part of the current study, WUE reference values in the range 1.9–2.4 kg/m3were calculated for spring barley and grain yield. Values of WUETa/WUEETacalculated from the outputs of individual models for grain yields and above-ground biomass yields ranged from 2.0/1.0 to 5.9/3.8 kg/m3with an average value of 3.2/2.0 kg/m3and from 3.9/2.1 to 10.5/6.8 kg/m3with an average value of 6.5/4.0 kg/m3, respectively. The results confirm that the average values of all models are nearest to actual values.
Passive versus Active Fund Performance: Do Index Funds Have Skill?
Authors: Crane Alan D. , Crotty Kevin
Published: February 2018

We apply methods designed to measure mutual fund skill to a cross section of funds that is unlikely to exhibit managerial portfolio selection skill: index funds. Surprisingly, these tests imply index fund skill exists, is persistent, and is in similar proportion as in active funds. We use the distribution of passive fund performance to gauge the incremental ability of active managers. Outperformance by top active funds is lower when benchmarked to the index fund distribution and disappears when we account for residual risk. Stochastic dominance tests suggest no risk-averse investor should choose a random active fund over a random index fund.
Paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea: can our identification of surgical candidates be evidence-based?
Authors: Pabla L , Duffin J , Flood L , Blackmore K
Published: February 2018

Background:

Paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea is a common clinical condition managed by most ENT clinicians. However, despite the plethora of publications on the subject, there is wide variability, in the literature and in practice, on key aspects such as diagnostic criteria, the impact of co-morbidities and the indications for surgical correction.

Methods:

A systematic review is presented, addressing four key questions from the available literature: (1) what is the evidence base for any definition of paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea?; (2) does it cause serious systemic illness?; (3) what co-morbidities influence the severity of paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea?; and (4) is there a medical answer?

Results and conclusion:

There is a considerable lack of evidence regarding most of these fundamental questions. Notably, screening measures show low specificity and can be insensitive to mild obstructive sleep apnoea. There is a surprising lack of clarity in the definition (let alone estimate of severity) of sleep-disordered breathing, relying on what may be arbitrary test thresholds. Areas of potential research might include investigation of the mechanisms through which obstructive sleep apnoea causes co-morbidities, whether neurocognitive, behavioural, metabolic or cardiovascular, and the role of non-surgical management.
Some problems with non-inferiority tests in psychotherapy research: psychodynamic therapies as an example
Authors: Rief Winfried , Hofmann Stefan G.
Published: February 2018

In virtually every field of medicine, non-inferiority trials and meta-analyses with non-inferiority conclusions are increasingly common. This non-inferiority approach has been frequently used by a group of authors favoring psychodynamic therapies (PDTs), concluding that PDTs are just as effective as cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBT). We focus on these examples to exemplify some problems associated with non-inferiority tests of psychological treatments, although the problems also apply to psychopharmacotherapy research, CBT research, and others. We conclude that non-inferiority trials have specific risks of different types of validity problems, usually favoring an (erroneous) non-inferiority conclusion. Non-inferiority trials require the definition of non-inferiority margins, and currently used thresholds have a tendency to be inflationary, not protecting sufficiently against degradation. The use of non-inferiority approaches can lead to the astonishing result that one single analysis can suggest both, superiority of the comparator (here: CBT) and non-inferiority of the other treatment (here PDT) at the same time. We provide recommendations how to improve the quality of non-inferiority trials, and we recommend to consider them among other criteria when evaluating manuscripts examining non-inferiority trials. If psychotherapeutic families (such as PDT and CBT) differ on the number of investigating trials, and in the fields of clinical applications, and in other validity aspects mentioned above, conclusions about their general non-inferiority are no more than a best guess, typically expressing the favored approach of the lead author.
FINDING EXPECTED REVENUES IN G-NETWORK WITH MULTIPLE CLASSES OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CUSTOMERS
Authors: Matalytski Mikhail
Published: February 2018

Investigation of the G-network with multiple classes of positive and negative customers has been carried out in the article. The purpose of the investigation is to analyze such a network at a transient regime, finding expected revenues in the network systems depending on time. A negative customer arriving to the system and destroys a positive customer of its class. Streams of positive and negative customers arriving to each of the network systems are independent. Services of positive customers of all types occur in accordance with a random selection of them for service. For the expected revenues, a system of Kolmogorov's difference-differential equations has been derived. A method for their finding is proposed. It is based on the use of a modified method of successive approximations, combined with the method of series. A model example illustrating the finding of time-dependent expected revenues of network systems has been calculated, which shows that the expected revenues of network systems can be either increasing or decreasing time functions. The obtained results can be applied in forecasting losses in information and telecommunication systems and networks from the penetration of computer viruses into it and conducting computer attacks.
Flows of measures generated by vector fields
Authors: Paolini Emanuele , Stepanov Eugene
Published: February 2018

The scope of the paper is twofold. We show that for a large class of measurable vector fields in the sense of Weaver (i.e. derivations over the algebra of Lipschitz functions), called in the paper laminated, the notion of integral curves may be naturally defined and characterized (when appropriate) by an ordinary differential equation. We further show that for such vector fields the notion of a flow of the given positive Borel measure similar to the classical one generated by a smooth vector field (in a space with smooth structure) may be defined in a reasonable way, so that the measure ‘flows along’ the appropriately understood integral curves of the given vector field and the classical continuity equation is satisfied in the weak sense.
Title to Territory and Jurisdiction in International Human Rights Law: Three Models for a Fraught Relationship
Authors: RAIBLE LEA
Published: February 2018

It is by now uncontroversial that states may owe human rights obligations to individuals outside their territory. The debate about extraterritoriality has, so far, focused on the concept and interpretation of jurisdiction. The role of territory in general, and title in particular, in the conceptual landscape has received less attention in comparison. This article aims to fill this gap by showing that (a) title to territory continues to shape interpretations of jurisdiction, and (b) that this should be avoided. To this end, the article first defines jurisdiction in international human rights law and title to territory. Jurisdiction is best understood as a threshold criterion that triggers human rights obligations of states towards particular individuals. Title to territory, on the other hand, is a set of claims to territory designed to uphold minimal stability. The article then introduces three models – the approximation model, the differentiation model, and the separation model – of the relationship between title to territory and jurisdiction in international human rights law and evaluates them in light of their fit with the relational nature of human rights. The result is that the approximation and differentiation models – that is, those that maintain title's influence on the interpretation of jurisdiction in various degrees – fail the success criterion, while the separation model satisfies it.
Induced Turán Numbers
Authors: LOH PO-SHEN , TAIT MICHAEL , TIMMONS CRAIG , ZHOU RODRIGO M.
Published: February 2018

The classical Kővári–Sós–Turán theorem states that ifGis ann-vertex graph with no copy ofKs,tas a subgraph, then the number of edges inGis at mostO(n2−1/s). We prove that if one forbidsKs,tas aninducedsubgraph, and also forbidsanyfixed graphHas a (not necessarily induced) subgraph, the same asymptotic upper bound still holds, with different constant factors. This introduces a non-trivial angle from which to generalize Turán theory to induced forbidden subgraphs, which this paper explores. Along the way, we derive a non-trivial upper bound on the number of cliques of fixed order in aKr-free graph with no induced copy ofKs,t. This result is an induced analogue of a recent theorem of Alon and Shikhelman and is of independent interest.
The Constituent Order ofHwæt-Clauses in Old English Prose
Authors: Cichosz Anna
Published: February 2018

The aim of the present study is to conduct a comprehensive corpus analysis of the constituent order of main declarative clauses with the interjectionhwæt‘what’ in the clause-initial position in Old English prose texts. On the basis of his analysis of Ælfric'sLives of Saintsand Bede'sHistoria Ecclesiastica, Walkden (2013) claims that suchhwæt-clauses pattern with subordinate clauses with respect to their verb position. My study confirms Walkden's basic empirical findings thathwæt-clauses do not behave like typical main clauses as far as their constituent order is concerned. However, there are numerous differences between them and subordinate clauses introduced byhwæt, that is, free relatives and embedded questions. The analysis suggests that the conditions favoring the use of the V-final order in mainhwæt-clauses resemble the ones identified for ordinary V-final main clauses in Bech 2012. What is more, the study shows that the functional differences betweenhwæt-andhwæt þa-clauses noted in Brinton 1996 are blurred in Old English prose because of a regular variation betweenhwæt þa-S andhwæt-S-þapatterns. The data also suggest thatþainhwæt þa-clauses should rather be analyzed as an independent clause element.
Discussion: the futures of global history
Authors: Drayton Richard , Motadel David
Published: February 2018

Global history has come under attack. It is charged with neglecting national history and the ‘small spaces’ of the past, with being an elite globalist project made irrelevant by the anti-globalist politics of our age, with focusing exclusively on mobile people and things, and with becoming dangerously hegemonic. This article demonstrates that global history is intertwined with the histories of the nation and the local, individuals, outsiders, and subalterns, and small and isolated places. Moreover, global history has directly addressed immobility and resistances to flow, and remains relatively weak in the discipline, versus the persistent dominance everywhere of national history. The article offers a new short history of the rise of the contemporary idiom of global history, and a prospect for a future in which scholars may find, through collaboration, alternatives to the European weights and measures of the past, and to the dominance of Anglophone historians. It argues that we should no more reverse the ‘global turn’ than we should return history’s gaze only to propertied white men. Rather than a retreat from global history, we need it more than ever to fight against myths of imperial and national pasts, which often underpin nationalist populisms.
Nurses as change agents for a better future in health care: the politics of drift and dilution
Authors: Rafferty Anne M.
Published: February 2018

This paper takes the 70th Anniversary of the National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom as an opportunity to reflect upon the strategic direction of nursing policy and the extent to which nurses can realise their potential as change agents in building a better future for health care. It argues that the policy trajectory set for nursing at the outset of the NHS continues to influence its strategic direction, and that the trajectory needs to be reset with the voices of nurses being more engaged in the design, as much as the delivery of health policy. There is a growing evidence base about the benefits for patients and nurses of deploying well-educated nurses at the top of their skill set, to provide needed care for patients in adequately staffed and resourced units, as well as the value that nurses contribute to decision-making in clinical care. Yet much of this evidence is not being implemented. On the contrary, some of it is being ignored. Policy remains fragmented, driven by short-term financial constraints and underinvestment in high quality care. Nurses need to make their voices heard, and use the evidence base to change the dialogue with the public, policy makers and politicians, in order to build a better future for health care.
Bedeutung der Rehabilitation aus sozioökonomischer Sicht
Authors: Oggier Willy
Published: February 2018

Zusammenfassung. Rehabilitation wirkt auf individueller und volkswirtschaftlicher Ebene. Wichtig dafür ist in Zukunft, dass Rehabilitation gemacht und klar abgegrenzt wird von Pseudo-Anbietern aus dem Kur-, Hotel-/Resort- bzw. Langzeitpflege-Bereich. Sonst droht geringer bis gar kein Nutzen bei unnötigen Kosten.
Fresh Insights into What Protects Antarctica’s Ross Ice Shelf
Authors: Kornei Katherine
Published: February 2018

Scientists bored 755 meters through Antarctic ice and found that a layer of extremely cold, fresh water insulates part of the Ross Ice Shelf against melting.