bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing New Powder Wire for Surfacing Details which Works in the Wear Resistance Conditions
Authors: Gusev A.I. , Kozyrev N.A. , Osetkovskiy I.V. , Usoltsev A.A.
Published: July 2018

The paper presents the influence of chemical compositions and structure of the deposited metal on its hardness and wear resistance in abrasive-shock conditions. Metal Was deposited by the arc powder wire automatic welding. The studies have shown that increasing nikel contain to 0.65% in the surfaced steel and cobalt additive while reducing carbon contain to 0.17-0.23%, provides martensite and former austenite grain size disintegration. In consequence of multivariate correlation analysis, it was determined dependence to the hardness of the deposited layer and the wear resistance of the mass fraction of the elements included in the flux-cored wires of the system Fe-C-Si-Mn-Cr-Mo-Ni-V-Co. Obtained dependences could be used in predicting hardness and wear resistance of the deposited metal while changing welding metal chemical composition.
Correlation between Properties of Oxide Compounds Formed on Contact Surfaces of Cutting Tools and Cutting Tool Wear Resistance
Authors: Nesterenko Vladimir P. , Lasukov A.A. , Retyunskiy O.Yu.
Published: July 2018

The article describes the influence of the acidity degree of oxide compounds formed on contact surfaces of carbide cutting tools type P on their wear resistance when cutting materials causing intensive diffusion wear. It was found out that when the acidity degree of surface film oxides formed on the cutting wedge contact surfaces decreases, wear resistance of cutting tools tends to grow.
The Current State of Application of Ultra- and Nanostructured Powders in Technologies in Welding Technologies (Review)
Authors: Kuznetsov M.A. , Zernin Evgeniy A.
Published: July 2018

This paper presents an overview of applying nano-and ultra-disperse powders as modifiers in various procedures of arc welding, as well as in electro-slag welding and plasma powder spraying. Consideration of some methods of embedding nano-and ultra-disperse powders into a liquid weld pool is provided.
Structure and Crack Resistance of N-A-XTRA-70 Steel Joints Manufactured by Hybrid Laser-Arc Welding
Authors: Pozniakov V. , Markashova L. , Berdnikova O. , Alekseienko T. , Zhdanov S.
Published: July 2018

Crack resistance of welded joints is one of the most important indices of service reliability of critical designation structures. The purpose of the research is the establishment of the influence of technological modes, hybrid laser-arc welding of high strength steel NA-XTRA-70 on the formation of structure in the metal welded joints, as well as analysis of the influence of this structure on their crack resistances. For the experiments the laboratory setup has been developed on which the experiments were carried out in the technological scheme that provides the location of the consumable electrode arc at a certain distance in front of the laser beam in the welding direction. Nd: YAG-laser DY 044 of company ROFIN (Germany) was a laser radiation source. Power for consumable electrode arc was carried out by welding generator PSG-500. Investigations of structural-phase changes in weld metal and HAZ were carried out by means of optical microscopy (optical microscope Versamet-2 and Neophot-32), microhardness was measured using M-400 gage of Leco company at 0.98N loading. Fractographic investigations were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (scanning electron microscope SEM-515 of PHILIPS company, Netherlands) on fractured specimens of welded joints, made as a result of impact bend tests. An analysis of crack resistance of the welded joints was carried out under different conditions of test temperatures. It was based on experimental data, received by a quantitative fractography method. It is shown that metal of a welded joint produced by hybrid laser-arc welding at Vw = 72m/h rate has mainly failure of ductile nature after external loading. This indicates sufficient level of crack resistance and further working capacity under operation conditions.
Separation of Abrasive Materials According to the Form
Authors: Shatko Dmitry B. , Lyukshin V.S. , Strelnikov P.A.
Published: July 2018

The article is devoted to the problems of fractioning the general abrasive mass into the fractions of certain shape grains. The methods of separation of bulk materials have been analyzed. The designs are considered and the operating principle of the original units for abrasive separation is described. The revealed regularities at the separation of abrasive masses of various granularities are presented.
Porous Barriers Efficiency Research under the Compact Elements High - Speed Loading
Authors: Kramshonkov E.N. , Krainov A.V. , Pashkov E.N.
Published: July 2018

The paper discusses the results of the numerical simulation of high-speed impact effect of compact projectiles made of steel and tungsten alloy with steel obstacles of equal mass. The obstacles have different initial porosity of the material. Conducted the final evaluation of the penetration speed of the projectile depending on the porosity of the obstacle and the initial speed of the shock interaction. The initial impact velocity range from 1 to 16 [km/s]. The destruction, melting and evaporation of the interacting bodies are taken into account. The analysis of porosity influence evaluation of obstacles material revealed that the protective advantage of porous obstacles disclose at the higher impact velocities, greater than 1.5 [km/s] for steel strikers and 2 [km/s] for projectiles of tungsten alloy. The more impact velocity the more protective effect of porous obstacles.
Welding Incident Mitigation at Mechanical Engineering
Authors: Anishchenko Yuliya V. , Vtorushina Anna N. , Zadorozhnaya T.A. , Gorshkova V.E.
Published: July 2018

Mechanical engineering is one of the most dynamically developing industries in many countries. Welding at the same time is one of the main processes of metal working in various industries, especially in mechanical engineering. The World Health Organization considers welding works to be harmful and dangerous for health. The present paper identifies the main factors leading to injuries during welding works at a stationary workplace. A causal tree for a welding incident has been devised and analyzed. Probability of an incident was estimated by using the expert evaluation method. It was found out that machine injury is the most probable type of incident. The aim of this article is to work out welding incident mitigation measures in the industrial sphere based on the incident probability assessment
A Case Report of Infective Endocarditis in a 10-Year-Old Girl
Authors: Salloum Shafee , Bugnitz Christopher J.
Published: July 2018

Infective endocarditis is a rare disease in children, and it can result in significant morbidity and mortality. The epidemiology of infective endocarditis in children has shifted in recent years with less rheumatic heart disease, more congenital heart disease survival, and increased use of central venous catheters in children with chronic illness. Less commonly, infective endocarditis occurs in children with no preexisting cardiac disease or other known risk factors. We present a "case of" 10 year-old girl with no known cardiac disease or any other risk factors who was diagnosed with infective endocarditis according to modified Duke criteria. Blood cultures grew haemophilus parainfluenza. She had prolonged fever for 2 weeks after starting antibiotics, even though her blood culture became sterile 48 hours after treatment. We emphasize the importance of maintaining high index of suspicion for endocarditis in febrile children, even those without cardiac anomalies or other apparent risk factors.
Stratigraphic synthesis of the Hudson Platform in Manitoba, Ontario, and Nunavut: Ordovician-Silurian
Authors: Armstrong D K , Nicolas M P B , Hahn K E , Lavoie D
Published: July 2018

The Hudson Bay Basin is the largest intracratonic basin in North America. Together with its smaller satellite basins, Moose River Basin to the south and Foxe Basin to the north, it forms the Hudson Platform. Geological study of this large, marine-dominated, area
goes back to the 19th century when explorers started to describe rock units along the shore on many Arctic islands. Modern era geological description, including mostly stratigraphy and paleontology, started in the mid 20th century when numbers of geologists described the rock successions, onshore
and offshore, resulting in local stratigraphic nomenclatures and frameworks hardly correlatable from one area to another.
At the start of the initial Hudson Bay-Foxe Basins project and subsequent Hudson Bay-Ungava project of the Geoscience for Energy and Minerals program of the Geological Survey of Canada, one of the major research goals was to propose a unified or at least, a modern understanding of the stratigraphic
succession over this large geological domain. This report presents the resulting stratigraphic framework based on 9 years (2008-2017) of new Ordovician to Silurian lithostratigraphic, biostratigraphic and chemostratigraphic, onshore and offshore research and data acquisition over the entire basin. A
second report will focus on the aerially more restricted Devonian succession.
The Ordovician to Silurian succession in northeastern Manitoba and northern Ontario, present in the Hudson Bay Lowland and Moose River Basin, is for the first time integrated in a single stratigraphic framework. To the north in the Hudson Bay Basin, Foxe Basin and Hudson Strait, stratigraphic
nomenclatures are integrated in one new framework that is now correlated with the successions further to the south. Biostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy were both instrumental in the correlation of distant rock successions.
A survey of the ichthyofauna in the Noetsie Estuary, Western Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Smith Martin K.S. , Rodrigues Demi , Currie Bianca
Published: July 2018

The fish assemblage in the Noetsie Estuary, a temporarily open and closed estuary on the southern coast of South Africa, was sampled using multiple gears. A total of 12 species from 8 families were recorded. Collectively, estuarine-dependent marine species dominated seine net catches numerically and in terms of biomass for both sampling seasons. Estuarine round herring (Gilchristella aestuaria) was numerically the dominant species in late summer, while juvenile Mugilidae dominated catches in winter. Size class distributions of various fish species indicate that the estuary both serves a nursery function for important euryhaline marine species and supports estuarine resident taxa. Application of the Estuarine Fish Community Index indicates the ecological condition of the estuary to be ‘good’. This study contributes to the species list for the estuary while also reporting the presence of an alien invasive freshwater species, Gambusia affinis. Recommendations include the development of a management plan and the formalisation of an estuarine management committee.Conservation implications: The Noetsie Estuary serves a nursery function for important euryhaline marine species, while supporting healthy populations of estuarine resident taxa. The presence of one alien invasive fish species is documented with potential implications for the conservation of biodiversity in the estuary.
Comparision of Oral Levofloxacin and Minocycline in Treatment of Inflammatory Acne Vulgaris
Authors: Sheth Swapna Khatu , Mundada Ankita , Gokhale Neeta , Mahajan Pradeep
Published: July 2018

Background:

Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of pilosebaceous units. This disease occurs worldwide and usually starts in adolescence and resolves by mid-twenties. It is the most common skin disorder, and different studies have shown prevalence rates ranging from 28.9% to 91.3% in adolescents.

Aims:

The aim of this study is to assess, compare, and correlate therapeutic efficacy of oral levofloxacin and minocycline combine with benzoyl peroxide gel in the treatment of acne vulgaris.

Methods:

The study comprised 60 acne vulgaris patients. They were allotted randomly in two groups, 30 in each group. Baseline investigations were performed at 1st visit. Baseline photographs were taken. Levofloxacin was given at dose of 500 mg/day for 30 days along with topical benzoyl peroxide gel in one group, and another group received minocycline 100 mg for 3 months along with topical benzoyl peroxide gel. Results were assessed at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after starting treatment according to the global acne grading system and compared with each other statistically using t-test.

Results:

There was a significant decrease in acne score in levofloxacin group as compared to minocycline group. (P = 0.05) at 4 weeks. At 8 weeks and 12 weeks, decrease in the score was more in minocycline group (P < 0.024) and (P < 0.001), respectively. According to the percentage of decrease in inflammatory count from baseline, there was a decrease in inflammatory lesion count by 58% at 4 weeks which increased to 81.1% at the end of 12 weeks in levofloxacin group. In minocycline group, a decrease in inflammatory lesion count at 4 weeks was 36.6% and 12 weeks was 68%.
Peculiar Acral and Oral Pigmentation after Docetaxel Therapy
Authors: Awal Guneet , Kaur Tanreet
Published: July 2018

Taxanes, which are widely used chemotherapeutic agents for treating breast carcinoma, are known to cause various cutaneous side effects with incidence as high as 65%. These cutaneous manifestations range from minor nonspecific dermatological manifestations to perplexing atypical manifestations of classic entities such as hand-foot syndrome. We report a case of 51-year-old previously healthy postmenopausal woman diagnosed with T1N1M0 adenocarcinoma breast, on docetaxel adjuvant chemotherapy, who developed peculiar oral and acral violaceous hyperpigmentation. Recognition of this type of presentation as part of HFS or a separate entity is still a debatable conundrum.
Pharmacokinetics of colistin in patients with multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections
Authors: Gautam Vikas , Shafiq Nusrat , Mouton Johan W. , Malhotra Sameer , Kaur Satinder , Ray Pallab
Published: July 2018

Background & objectives:

There is little information concerning intravenously (i.v.) administered colistin in patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative infections. Thus, this pilot prospective study was undertaken to characterize efficacy and pharmacokinetics of colistin in patients with MDR Gram-negative infections.

Methods:

Nine patients with age >12 yr and MDR Gram-negative infections were included, of whom six were given colistin at the doses of 2 MU, while three patients were given 1 MU i.v. dose every 8 h. Blood samples were collected at different time intervals. Determination of colistin concentration was done by a ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/selected reaction monitoring assay.

Results:

The area under the plasma concentration-versus-time curve over eight hours (AUC0-8) for colistin after the 1st dose ranged from 3.3 to 16.4 mg×h/l (median, 4.59). After the 5th dose, AUC0-8 for colistin ranged from 4.4 to 15.8 mg×h/l (median, 6.0). With minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.125 mg/l, AUC0-8/MIC ranged from 26.7 to 131.4 (median, 36.7) and 35.5 to 126.0 (median, 48.0) after the 1st and the 5th doses of 2 MU every 8 h, respectively.

Interpretation & conclusions:

As there is a paucity of information on AUC/MIC for colistin, it may not be possible to conclude whether AUC/MIC values in our patients were adequate. There is a microbiological clearance of organism, which goes in favour of the dosing schedule being adequate. Further studies need to be done to understand the pharmacokinetics of colistin in patients with infections.
The influence of dust optical properties on the colour of simulated MSG-SEVIRI Desert Dust infrared imagery
Authors: Banks Jamie R. , Schepanski Kerstin , Heinold Bernd , Hünerbein Anja , Brindley Helen E.
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Satellite imagery of atmospheric mineral dust is sensitive to the optical properties of the dust, governed by the mineral refractive indices, particle size, and particle shape. In infrared channels the imagery is also sensitive to the dust layer height and to the surface and atmospheric environment. Simulations of mineral dust in infrared Desert Dust imagery from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) have been performed, using the COSMO-MUSCAT (COSMO: COnsortium for Small-scale MOdelling; MUSCAT: MUltiScale Chemistry Aerosol Transport Model) dust transport model and the Radiative Transfer for TOVS (RTTOV) program, in order to investigate the sensitivity of the imagery to assumed dust properties. This paper introduces the technique and performs initial validation and comparisons with SEVIRI measurements over North Africa for daytime hours during 6 months covering June and July of 2011–2013. Using T-matrix scattering theory and assuming the dust particles to be spherical or spheroidal, wavelength- and size-dependent dust extinction values are calculated for a number of different dust refractive index databases, along with several values of the particle aspect ratio, denoting the particle shape. The consequences for the infrared extinction values of both the particle shape and the particle orientation are explored: this analysis shows that as the particle asphericity increases, the extinctions increase if the particles are aligned horizontally, and decrease if they are aligned vertically. Randomly oriented spheroidal particles have very similar infrared extinction properties as spherical particles, whereas the horizontally and vertically aligned particles can be considered to be the upper and lower bounds on the extinction values. Inputting these values into COSMO-MUSCAT-RTTOV, it is found that spherical particles do not appear to be sufficient to describe fully the resultant colour of the dust in the infrared imagery. Comparisons of SEVIRI and simulation colours indicate that of the dust types tested, the dust refractive index dataset produced by Volz (1973) shows the most similarity in the colour response to dust in the SEVIRI imagery, although the simulations have a smaller range of colour than do the observations. It is also found that the thermal imagery is most sensitive to intermediately sized particles (radii between 0.9 and 2.6 µm): larger particles are present in too small a concentration in the simulations, as well as with insufficient contrast in extinction between wavelength channels, to have much ability to perturb the resultant colour in the SEVIRI dust imagery.
On the Approximation of Spatial Structures of Global Tidal Magnetic Field Models
Authors: Telschow Roger , Gerhards Christian , Rother Martin
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The extraction of the magnetic signal induced by the oceanic M2 tide is typically based solely on the temporal periodicity of the signal. Here, we propose a system of tailored trial functions that additionally takes the spatial constraint into account that the sources of the signal are localized within the oceans. This construction requires knowledge of the underlying conductivity model but not of the inducing tidal current velocity. Approximations of existing tidal magnetic field models with these trial functions and comparisons with approximations based on other localized and non-localized trial functions are illustrated.
Measurements of vertical electric field in a thunderstorm in a Chinese inland plateau
Authors: Zhang Tinglong , Yu Hai , Zhou Fangcong , Chen Jie , Zhang Maohua
Published: July 2018

Abstract. A balloon-borne instrument was designed to measure the electric field in
thunderstorms. One case of thunderstorm was observed in the Pingliang region
(35.57∘ N, 106.59∘ E; and 1620 m above sea level, a.s.l.)
of a Chinese inland plateau, through penetration by the balloon-borne
sounding in the early period of the mature stage. Results showed that the
sounding passed through seven predominant charge regions. A negative charge
region with a depth of 800 m located near the surface, and a positive charge
region appeared in the warm cloud region; their mean charge densities were
−0.44 ± 0.136 and 0.43 ± 0.103 nC m−3, respectively.
Five charge regions existed in the region colder than 0 ∘C, and
charge polarity alternated in a vertical direction with a positive charge at
the lowest region. The mean charge densities for these five regions were
0.40±0.037 nC m−3 (−9.5 to −4 ∘C), -0.63±0.0107 nC m−3 (−18 to −14 ∘C), 0.35±0.063 nC m−3 (−27 to −18 ∘C), -0.36±0.057 nC m−3 (−34 to −27 ∘C), and 0.24±0.06 nC m−3 (−38 to −34 ∘C). We speculated that the two
independent positive charge regions in the lower portion are the same charge
region with a weak charge density layer in the middle. The analysis showed
that the real charge structure of the thunderstorm is more complex than the
tripole model, and the lower dipole is the most intensive charge region in
the thunderstorm. Keywords. Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (atmospheric electricity)
On biotic and abiotic drivers of the microphytobenthos seasonal cycle in a temperate intertidal mudflat: a modelling study
Authors: Savelli Raphaël , Dupuy Christine , Barillé Laurent , Lerouxel Astrid , Guizien Katell , Philippe Anne , Bocher Pierrick , Polsenaere Pierre , Le Fouest Vincent
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Microphytobenthos (MPB) from intertidal mudflats are key primary producers at the land-ocean interface. MPB can be more productive than phytoplankton and sustain both benthic and pelagic higher trophic levels. The objective of this study is to assess the contribution of light, mud temperature, and gastropod Peringia ulvae grazing pressure in shaping the seasonal MPB dynamics on the Brouage mudflat (NW France). We use a physical-biological coupled model applied to the sediment first centimeter for the year 2008. The simulated data compare to observations including time-coincident remotely sensed and in situ data. The model suggests a MPB annual cycle characterized by a main spring bloom, a biomass depression in summer, and a moderate fall bloom. In early spring, high simulated photosynthetic rates due to mud surface temperature (MST) values close to the MPB temperature optimum for photosynthesis and to increasing solar irradiance trigger the onset of the MPB spring bloom. After the bloom, high MST values lead to synoptic events when MPB thermo-inhibition (39.5 % of summer) and limitation by P. ulvae grazing (8.7 % of summer) superimpose. During these synoptic events of thermo-inhibition and grazing combination, 14 % of the simulated annual MPB primary production is channeled towards the P. ulvae secondary production through ingestion. The model suggests that such a combined effect is highly linked to the MPB biomass depression in summer. The model ability to infer on biotic and abiotic mechanisms driving the seasonal MPB dynamics could open the door to a new assessment of the export flux of biogenic matter at the land-ocean interface and, more generally, of the contribution of productive intertidal biofilms to the coastal carbon cycle.
Paleoceanography and ice sheet variability offshore Wilkes Land, Antarctica – Part 1: Insights from late Oligocene astronomically paced contourite sedimentation
Authors: Salabarnada Ariadna , Escutia Carlota , Röhl Ursula , Nelson C. Hans , McKay Robert , Jiménez-Espejo Francisco J. , Bijl Peter K. , Hartman Julian D. , Strother Stephanie L. , Salzmann Ulrich , Evangelinos Dimitris , López-Quirós Adrián , Flores José Abel , Sangiorgi Francesca , Ikehara Minoru , Brinkhuis Henk
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Antarctic ice sheet and Southern Ocean paleoceanographic configurations
during the late Oligocene are not well resolved. They are however important
to understand the influence of high-latitude Southern Hemisphere feedbacks on
global climate under CO2 scenarios (between 400 and 750 ppm)
projected by the IPCC for this century, assuming unabated CO2
emissions. Sediments recovered by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
(IODP) at Site U1356, offshore of the Wilkes Land margin in East Antarctica,
provide an opportunity to study ice sheet and paleoceanographic
configurations during the late Oligocene (26–25 Ma). Our study, based on a
combination of sediment facies analysis, magnetic susceptibility, density,
and X-ray fluorescence geochemical data, shows that glacial and interglacial
sediments are continuously reworked by bottom currents, with maximum
velocities occurring during the interglacial periods. Glacial sediments
record poorly ventilated, low-oxygenation bottom water conditions,
interpreted as resulting from a northward shift of westerly winds and surface
oceanic fronts. Interglacial sediments record more oxygenated and ventilated
bottom water conditions and strong current velocities, which suggests
enhanced mixing of the water masses as a result of a southward shift of the
polar front. Intervals with preserved carbonated nannofossils within some of
the interglacial facies are interpreted as forming under warmer paleoclimatic
conditions when less corrosive warmer northern component water (e.g., North
Atlantic sourced deep water) had a greater influence on the site. Spectral
analysis on the late Oligocene sediment interval shows that the
glacial–interglacial cyclicity and related displacements of the Southern
Ocean frontal systems between 26 and 25 Ma were forced mainly by obliquity.
The paucity of iceberg-rafted debris (IRD) throughout
the studied interval contrasts with earlier Oligocene and post-Miocene
Climate Optimum sections from Site U1356 and with late Oligocene strata from
the Ross Sea, which contain IRD and evidence for coastal glaciers and sea
ice. These observations, supported by elevated sea surface paleotemperatures,
the absence of sea ice, and reconstructions of fossil pollen between 26 and
25 Ma at Site U1356, suggest that open-ocean water conditions prevailed.
Combined, this evidence suggests that glaciers or ice caps likely occupied
the topographic highs and lowlands of the now marine Wilkes Subglacial Basin
(WSB). Unlike today, the continental shelf was not overdeepened and thus ice
sheets in the WSB were likely land-based, and marine-based ice sheet
expansion was likely limited to coastal regions.
A new method to separate precipitation phases
Authors: Liu Yulian , Ren Guoyu , Sun Xiubao , Li Xiufen
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Separating the solid precipitation from liquid precipitation in an existing historical precipitation observation data series is a key problem in the monitoring and study of climate anomaly and long-term change of extreme precipitation events in difference phases. In this study, based on the comprehensive analysis of the historical daily temperature, precipitation data, and weather phenomenon records in the northern areas of Mainland China (north of 30° N), the threshold temperature of rainfall and snowfall in historical precipitation data for a complex and diverse geographical and climatic region were determined. A statistical model was established, and a method of separating solid precipitation from liquid precipitation was proposed. The main conclusions include: (1) in northern China, the actual threshold temperature range of the daily mean temperature of rain and snow determined based on weather phenomenon records was between −1.2–6.3 °C, with a difference of 7.5 °C among areas, and a mean threshold value of 2.81 °C for the whole region. The actual threshold temperature in the northern Tibetan Plateau was the highest (generally higher than 4 °C). The low threshold temperature values appeared in eastern Northeast China, North China, and northern Xinjiang Autonomous Region, which were less than 2 °C. (2) The actual threshold temperature decreased with increase in longitude east of 105° E; meanwhile, it was more dispersed in the areas west of 105° E. The actual threshold temperature was generally higher and more variable in the low latitude areas, while it was lower and more concentrated in the high latitude; the threshold temperature was lower in the low-altitude areas and higher in the high-altitude areas, and it generally increased with altitude. (3) There was a negative correlation between the actual threshold temperature and the annual precipitation; the actual threshold temperature was higher in the areas with less precipitation, and lower in the areas with more precipitation. The actual threshold temperature was negatively correlated with the annual average relative humidity, and was generally low in humid areas with relatively large humidity and vice versa. (4) The multivariate regression fitting model developed in this paper based on latitude, altitude, and annual precipitation was able to simulate the actual threshold temperature of the precipitation phase in northern China well. According to the calculated threshold temperature based on the model, the relative deviation of snow days and snowfall are smaller, and the stations with less than 10 % of relative deviation reached 95.1 % and 90.7 %, respectively. The results of this study can be used for the separation of solid and liquid precipitation events in the areas without sufficient weather phenomenon records or metadata.
Estimation of path attenuation and site characteristics in the north-west Himalaya and its adjoining area using generalized inversion method
Authors: Nelliparambil Hareeshkumar Harinarayan , Kumar Abhishek
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Present work focuses on the determination of path attenuation as well as site characteristics of PESMOS managed recording stations, located in the north-west Himalaya and its adjoining region, using two-step generalized inversion technique. In the first step of inversion, non-parametric attenuation curves are developed. Presence of a kink is observed at around 105 km hypocentral distance while correlating the path attenuation with the hypocentral distance indicating the presence of Moho discontinuity in the region. Further, Qs = 105 f0.94 as S wave quality factor within 105 km, is obtained indicating that the region is possibly heterogeneous as well as seismically active. In the second step of inversion, site amplification curves are developed separately from the attenuation corrected data for horizontal and vertical components of the accelerogram. Further, site amplification spectra is computed as the ratio of the obtained horizontal and vertical components to determine the amplification function and predominant frequency for each of the PESMOS managed recording stations, exist within the study area. The predominant frequency based on generalized inversion method and based on horizontal to vertical spectral ratio of S wave portion of the accelerogram matches well. Maps showing spatial distribution of predominant frequencies and amplification functions across the study region are also developed based on the present work.
Mickey et Voltaire : commentaire de lecture de Garry Apgar, Mickey Mouse Emblem of the American Spirit
Authors: Woodward Servanne
Published: July 2018

Rapport sur « Garry APGAR. Mickey Mouse Emblem of the American Spirit. San Francisco, CA: The Walt Disney Family Foundation Press, 2014; reprint 2016 » La biographie de Mickey Mouse ne commence pas avec Walt Disney, mais dans l’illustration des fables d’Esope, de La Fontaine et Andersen et sous l’impression de caricaturistes tel J. J. Grandville (1803-1847) plantant des têtes animales sur des dandys. Autour de 1827, le Suisse Rodolphe Töpffer serait l’inventeur de la bande dessinée, et après Daumier caricaturiste, il faudrait attendre 1910 et le « Krazy Kat » de George Herriman pour trouver une caricature animale plutôt qu’humaine. Un rapport de l’historique de la culture populaire iconique de Mickey Mouse, héro américain héritier d’une longue généalogie que Garry Apgar nous découvre avec la plus grande érudition.
Fiction et origines
Authors: Woodward Servanne
Published: July 2018

« Fiction et origines » : Cette introduction fait état de la nécessité que certains penseurs — Rousseau par excellence, mais aussi bien Montesquieu et Diderot ou Voltaire — estiment nécessaire de définir « l’homme » d’avant l’état civilisé, un « homme » originel qui n’a sans doute jamais existé selon leur consensus, mais qu’il semble nécessaire d’imaginer pour en étudier le fonctionnement et prévoir ce que la civilisation peut lui apporter de bénéfique. De Rousseau à Freud, la question est devenue célèbre. La cohérence du volume est ensuite établie, donnant une première partie définissant l’être humain dans le courant de l’histoire, et la seconde partie, sur les expériences littéraires qui proposent des programmes (d’éducation en premier lieu) pour créer une nouvelle humanité perfectible et bénéficiant de la culture pour bien vivre.
Eventos adversos graves em pacientes cirúrgicos: ocorrência e desfecho
Authors: De Araújo Isabella Sanches , Carvalho Rachel De
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: Identificar a ocorrência de eventos adversos graves (EAG) em pacientes cirúrgicos e seus possíveis desfechos. Método: Estudo retrospectivo,quantitativo, realizado pela análise de prontuários e banco de dados de pacientes no perioperatório, que sofreram EAG em 2016, em um hospitalprivado de São Paulo. Resultados: Ocorreram 19 EAG, com predominância de pacientes do sexo feminino, entre 40 e 49 anos, internados por patologiasdo sistema gastroenterológico. As ocorrências mais incidentes foram: lesão de órgãos digestórios, choque hemorrágico e lesão vascular. Quanto aosdesfechos, os pacientes foram encaminhados à unidade de terapia intensiva, clínica médico-cirúrgica e hemodinâmica; dois pacientes evoluíram a óbito.Conclusão: Os profissionais da equipe de enfermagem devem estar atentos aos fatores que podem contribuir para a ocorrência de EAG e orientados emrelação à notificação, a fim de aperfeiçoar a segurança e a qualidade da assistência prestada aos pacientes cirúrgicos.
Necessidades de aprendizagem acerca da cirurgia cardíaca na perspectiva de pacientes e enfermeiros
Authors: Pereira Débora De Almeida , Ferreira Tamyres Millena , Da Silva Jadiane Ingrid , Gomes Eduardo Tavares , Bezerra Simone Maria Muniz da Silva
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: Verificar a concordância entre a percepção dos enfermeiros sobre a necessidade de aprendizagem dos pacientes em período pré-operatórioacerca da cirurgia cardíaca e os tópicos sobre os quais os pacientes mostram menor conhecimento. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-exploratório,realizado em duas etapas, em dois hospitais universitários na cidade do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Em uma primeira etapa, os pesquisadoresquestionaram 30 enfermeiros sobre quais tópicos eles acreditavam que os pacientes tivessem mais dúvidas ou menor conhecimento. Na segunda etapa,50 pacientes foram entrevistados para verificar seu conhecimento acerca dos 18 tópicos que os enfermeiros haviam julgado. Resultados: A média deacertos dos pacientes foi igual a 5,92. Em 16 dos 18 tópicos avaliados, o conhecimento dos pacientes era menor na perspectiva dos enfermeiros do quenos valores representados pelos acertos dos próprios pacientes. Conclusão: Os tópicos que os pacientes tiveram mais dúvidas devem se tornar focos deatenção no processo educativo do enfermeiro, que necessita conhecer a população sob seus cuidados para melhor planejar suas ações.
A comparison study between seven procedures to predict vortex-induced vibrations on industrial chimneys
Authors: Grala Pedro , Loredo-Souza Acir Mércio , Rocha Marcelo Maia
Published: July 2018

Structures like towers and industrial chimneys are quite vulnerable to the vortex shedding phenomenon, due to their slenderness and non-aerodynamic form. Furthermore, due to their low structural damping, these structures are also more likely to reach large displacement amplitudes, which is caused by the lock-in effect. Although these structures are considered simple from the structural and aerodynamic viewpoints, the study of crosswind vibrations in these structures is quite complicated, as it involves the interaction of complex topics of fluid and structural mechanics, turning a reliable determination of the structural response into one of the most complicated problems in Wind Engineering. Because of that, this study aimed to compare some methods for predicting the response due to the vortex shedding phenomenon using full scale data from industrial chimneys. The chosen methods, which are exposed in codes and standards like Eurocode, National Building Code of Canada and CICIND Model Code for Steel Chimneys, derive from the Ruscheweyh’s correlation length model and the Vickery & Basu’s spectral mathematical model. In addition, these methods are also compared to three proposals made for the Brazilian Wind Code. This study concludes that the methods based on the Vickery and Basu’s model work better for large displacement amplitudes.
A personalização da política e da propaganda governamental: a sanção ao Presidente da República por propaganda eleitoral no México e no Brasil
Authors: Torres Luis Eduardo Medina , Sánchez Enrique Inti García
Published: July 2018

O artigo analisa as decisões de tribunais eleitorais do México e do Brasil relativas ás sanções ao Presidente da República por propaganda do governo nas últimas eleições, a fim de ver o seu impacto sobre os resultados das eleições, e como estes eventos são controlados a partir dos tribunais. Para o qual se oferece um quadro teórico sobre a personalização da política, e extraíram-se os critérios de responsabilidade e punição daqueles que vieram as autoridades jurisdicionais. Finalmente, se amostra que não necessariamente das impugnações e personaliza­ção da política eleitoral pode trazer melhores resultados eleitorais.
A reforma política no México: uma análise crítica dos avanços e retrocessos nas novas leis eleitorais do país
Authors: Gallardo Alfonso Myers
Published: July 2018

O presente ensaio expõe o impacto da Reforma Político-Eleitoral de 2013 no México e tem como principal objetivo descrever os aspectos mais relevantes para o país e a sua democracia. A primeira parte do artigo apresenta uma breve abordagem histórica dos avanços e retrocessos realizados por meio das principais reformas eleitoras rea­lizadas no país. Em seguida, analisam-se criticamente os pontos essenciais dessa nova reforma mexicana: a criação do Instituto Nacional Eleitoral (INE), as mudanças elei­torais relacionadas à reeleição, as questões referentes aos governos de coalizão, as candidaturas independentes, o financiamento e, por fim, o tema alusivo aos percen­tuais mínimos para registro dos partidos no México. A conclusão obtida por meio deste artigo é que a nova Reforma Político-Eleitoral mostra avanços e retrocessos; no entanto, segue sendo uma “obra em construção”, já que os primeiros impactos deste conjunto de leis na democracia mexicana dependerão do panorama político do país e do resultado das eleições intermediárias que serão realizadas em 2015.
Las sentencias judiciales comos actos correctores del sistema democrático
Authors: Maraniello Patricio A.
Published: July 2018

Muchas veces se ha dicho que los jueces no representan al pueblo y por lo tanto sus decisiones son contramayoritarias o anti-democráticas. Encuentran como fundamento en el hecho de que no son elegidos democráticamente, sino por un procedimiento técnico constitucional complejo, y en consecuencia podría pensar que sus sentencias no son democráticas. Como atenuante podría considerarse el hecho de que si bien el pueblo no interviene en las decisiones judiciales, en el proceso de designación de un magistrado participan sus representantes, como lo ha sostenido la Corte de Justicia Argentina en el caso “Rizzo”, por el cual fijo la pauta donde los jueces son elegidos en forma indirecta por el pueblo. En la doctrina norteamericana existen tres propuestas centrales para resolver la dificultad mayoritaria, y una sola para disolverla. En la pri­mera se encuentra la llamada fundacionalista de derecho por Roland Dworkin; en la segunda propuesta, desarrollada por John Hart Ely, la intitulada “interpretativistas”; la tercera y última es la que Stephen Holmes llamó la elección social, que se basa en la “estrategia del precompromiso”. En cambio, existe una sola postura para disolverla que es la de Bruce Ackerman, basada en una teoría democrática dualista distinguien­do entre “política normal” y “política constitucional”. Finalmente, hemos desarrollado nuestra posición que se acerca a la última postura, en el cual no resulta necesario ningún justificativo ni en la legitimidad democrática de los jueces ni en sus decisiones, pues en realidad los jueces tienen como función democrática su perfeccionamiento al incluir a las minorías insulares.
EFEITO DA DESIGUALDADE NO CRESCIMENTO ECONÔMICO DOS MUNICÍPIOS BRASILEIROS: UMA ANÁLISE COM BASE NO JACKKNIFE MODEL AVERAGING
Authors: Assis Dércio , Linhares Fabricio , Penna Christiano
Published: July 2018

O presente artigo investiga a relação entre crescimento econômico e desigualdade de renda levando em consideração a incerteza com relação à especificação do modelo econométrico. Para evitar uma especificação inadequada, aqui faz se uso da técnica de ponderação de modelos proposta em Hansen e Racine (2012) conhecida por Jackknife Model Averaging. Esta técnica consiste em estimar todas as possíveis especificações de modelos com um amplo conjunto de variáveis e então calcular um modelo que é uma média ponderada de todos os outros estimados. A escolha dos fatores de ponderação é feita com base na minimização do critério de validação cruzada. Dado o elevado custo computacional, a análise foi feita levando-se em consideração três cenários. Apesar do esforço de pesquisa, nossos resultados sugerem que não há evidências de que a desigualdade de renda exerceu influência sobre a taxa de crescimento da economia brasileira no período de 2000 a 2009.
RELAÇÕES DE LONGO PRAZO ENTRE INFRAESTRUTURA ECONÔMICA, COMPETITIVIDADE E INVESTIMENTOS NO BRASIL: UMA ANÁLISE DO PERÍODO 1970-2011
Authors: Medeiros Victor , Teixeira Evandro Camargos
Published: July 2018

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho é estimar as relações de longo prazo entre a infraestrutura econômica, os demais investimentos e a competitividade no Brasil. Para isso, foi realizada uma análise de cointegração a partir de metodologia de séries temporais, especificamente através de um modelo de correção de erros. Observa-se que o país não conseguiu manter o mesmo nível de investimentos em infraestrutura a partir da década de 1980, com queda substancial dos mesmos como proporção do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) nas décadas de 1990 e 2000. Os baixos investimentos nos setores de infraestrutura colaboraram para a perda de competitividade e a limitada formação de investimentos adicionais na economia. A evidência empírica corrobora para a existência de relação positiva de longo prazo entre os setores da infraestrutura econômica, a competitividade e os investimentos (exceto em infraestrutura) no Brasil, indicando que deve haver um melhor e mais eficaz planejamento dos investimentos nesses setores.
POLÍTICA AMBIENTAL BRASILEIRA: ANÁLISE HISTÓRICO-INSTITUCIONALISTA DAS PRINCIPAIS ABORDAGENS ESTRATÉGICAS
Authors: Ferreira Marcus Bruno Malaquias , Salles Alexandre Ottoni Teatini
Published: July 2018

Este artigo apresenta uma análise histórico-institucionalista sobre o processo de evolução das políticas ambientais no Brasil contemporâneo. Essa retrospectiva procura identificar o papel atribuído ao meio ambiente em relação às estratégias de desenvolvimento econômico adotadas pelo Estado, com início a partir da primeira fase da industrialização brasileira nos anos 1930. O exame das abordagens estratégicas predominantes permite ainda analisar as circunstâncias que motivaram a origem, e conduziram a transformações das instituições que se ocupam das questões ambientais no Brasil. Com isso, pretende-se compreender o processo cumulativo que resultou em um sistema institucional de gestão do meio ambiente onde a análise das implicações ambientais da produção ocorre apenas no âmbito de projetos, portanto, afastado dos mecanismos de planejamento de longo prazo.
Cellular schwannoma of the breast: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Zhang Yan , Gao Hong-Yi , Zhang An-Qin , Zhang Jiang-Yu , Wu Kun-He , Wang Yi
Published: July 2018

Schwannoma of breast is a relatively uncommon disease characterized by painless and slow growing. We report a case of a 28-year-old female who present a mass of the right breast. Ultrasonography revealed a well-circumscribed and inhomogeneous hypoechoic mass under the skin of the breast. Then a biopsy and immunohistochemical analysis were performed. The results were suggestive for cellular schwannoma of breast. The tumour was removed successfully and the patient has been followed-up for six months with no evidence of recurrence. Cellular schwannoma is a rare benign neoplasm without metastasis. Distinction cellular schwannoma from other malignant tumours is very important. It is necessary to combine strict criteria on histological, immunohistochemical analysis, biological behavior, image examination and clinical features for the final diagnosis.
Work Health and Safety in Small Business-A Pilot Study in the Australian Construction Industry
Authors: Eldejany Raed
Published: July 2018

Work accidents impacts negatively on the physical, mental and social welfare of employees, increase cost of production, and make firms less competitive. The construction industry in Australia consists of 96% small business and has the fifth largest incident rates of serious injury of all industries. Nevertheless, recent statistics by the Australian Bureau of Statistics show noticeable improvement in safety performance within the construction industry compared to previous years.This descriptive pilot study attempts to verify small business contribution to this recent improvement. Ten owner managers are surveyed in order to examine their commitment to work health and safety using a 34 self-completion questionnaire. The findings show that small business owners in the construction industry take a positive approach toward work health and safety in their work environment.This study represents only a snapshot of the reality of small construction business commitment to work health and safety in Australia and can’t be generalised to a wider population, therefore further research with larger samples is required to confirm the findings of this study.
Gypsum, Soil Scarification and Succession Planting as Alternatives to Mitigate Compaction of Dystrophic Red-Yellow Latosol
Authors: Santos Eduardo Antonio Neves dos , Campos Milton César Costa , Cunha Jose Mauricio da , Souza Fernando Gomes de , Wadt Paulo Guilherme Salvador , Pinheiro Elyenayra Nogueira , Jordão Half Weinberg Corrêa , Lima Alan Ferreira Leite de , Brito Wildson Benedito Mendes , Freitas Ludmila
Published: July 2018

Understanding and quantifying the impact of soil management and use on its physical properties are essential to the development of sustainable agricultural systems. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of agricultural gypsum, soil scarification and succession planting on the physical attributes of dystrophic red-yellow latosol in Porto Velho, Rondônia state (RO), Brazil. The treatments used were absence and application of 2000 kg ha-1 of gypsum, absence and use of soil scarification, and three types of crop succession: SF (soybean/fallow), SMF (soybean/maize/fallow) and SMBF (soybean/maize/brachiaria/fallow). A randomized block design was used on eight blocks, for a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Soil parameters assessed were macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, soil density, moisture content and penetration resistance. Data normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. The highest macroporosity and total porosity values were recorded in treatments with gypsum application and soil scarification. Penetration resistance was lower in the SMBF and SMF crop successions. There was no treatment effect on the soil density.