bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of the Potential of Drug Candidates to Cause Severe Skin Disorders Using Computational Modeling
Authors: He Yuye , Chong Frederica Hui Ting , Lim Junianti , Lee Rina Jia Tien , Yap Chun Wei
Published: March 2013

Efficient and accurate prediction for drugs’ potential to cause rare and severe adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is needed to facilitate the evaluation of risk‐benefit ratio of drug candidates during drug development. Severe skin disorders like the Stevens Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), which are life‐threatening dermatological conditions, are such ADRs that have not received sufficient attention so far. In this study, a total of 1127 marketed drugs were screened for their potential to cause SJS/TEN, of which 255 were found to cause SJS/TEN and 239 were unlikely to cause SJS/TEN. One‐class classification method was used to develop multiple prediction models. An applicability domain was determined to define the applicability of the model. Ensemble method was used to develop ensemble models to improve prediction ability. The final ensemble model achieved a sensitivity and specificity of 81 % and 67.4 %, respectively, when estimated using the external 5‐fold cross validation method, and a sensitivity of 66.7 % when assessed using an external positive set. The results suggest the methods used in this study are potentially useful for facilitating the prediction of rare and severe ADRs.
1H and 13C NMR analysis of 2‐acetamido‐3‐mercapto‐3‐methyl‐N‐aryl‐butanamides and 2‐acetamido‐3‐methyl‐3‐nitrososulfanyl‐N‐aryl‐butanamide derivatives
Authors: Santana Rafael Germano , Paiva Derisvaldo Rosa , da Silva Gomes Roberto , Reis Adriana Karla C. A.
Published: March 2013

The complete assignment of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of various 2‐acetamido‐3‐mercapto‐3‐methyl‐N‐aryl‐butanamides and 2‐acetamide‐3‐methyl‐3‐nitrososulfanyl‐N‐aryl‐butanamides with p‐methoxy, o‐chloro and m‐chloro substituents is reported. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assignment of absolute configuration of 8α‐hydroxy‐13‐hydroperoxylabd‐14,17‐dien‐19,16;23,6α‐diolide by computed NMR chemical shifts
Authors: Amini Saeed K.
Published: March 2013

Unassigned configurations of 8α‐hydroxy‐13‐hydroperoxylabd‐14,17‐dien‐19,16;23,6α‐diolide, extracted from Iranian salvia, in the C13 and C16 were assigned as S and R, respectively. Extensive ab initio calculations followed by chemical shift predictions were employed in this assignment. Predicted chemical shifts were correlated to experimental ones in order to find the correct configuration, shown here. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pseudometrically constrained centroidal voronoi tessellations: Generating uniform antipodally symmetric points on the unit sphere with a novel acceleration strategy and its applications to diffusion and three‐dimensional radial MRI
Authors: Koay Cheng Guan
Published: March 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this work is to investigate the hypothesis that uniform sampling measurements that are endowed with antipodal symmetry play an important role in image quality when the raw data and image data are related through the Fourier relationship. Currently, it is extremely challenging to generate large and uniform antipodally symmetric point sets suitable for three‐dimensional radial MRI. A novel approach is proposed to solve this long‐standing problem in a unique and optimal way.

Methods

The proposed method is based on constrained centroidal Voronoi tessellations of the upper hemisphere with a novel pseudometric.

Results

The time complexity of the proposed tessellations was shown to be effectively linear, i.e., on the order of the number of sampling measurements. For small sample size, the proposed method was comparable with the state‐of‐the‐art method (a direct iterative minimization of the electrostatic potential energy of a collection of electrons antipodal‐symmetrically distributed on the unit sphere) in terms of the sampling uniformity. For large sample size, in which the state‐of‐the‐art method is infeasible, the reconstructed images from the proposed method has less streak and ringing artifacts, when compared with those of the commonly used methods.

Conclusion

This work proposed a unique and optimal approach to solving a long‐standing problem in generating uniform sampling points for three‐dimensional radial MRI. Magn Reson Med 71:723–734, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Establishing a registry of children and young people with diabetes in north east England and north Cumbria
Authors: Blakey Karen , Johnson Gillian , McNally Richard JQ , Court Simon , Potts Adam , Stephenson Carolyn , Lamb Bill , Cheetham Timothy D
Published: March 2013

The incidence of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents is rising. The associated public health burden is substantial with major implications for those involved in planning health care provision at all levels. The aetiology of diabetes in this age group is poorly understood, although both genetic and environmental factors are likely to be involved.

Clinicians involved in the management of diabetes in the young in the Northern Region have wanted to establish a diabetes registry for more than two decades. With input and financial support from NHS Diabetes we have finally been able to establish a population‐based registry of all prevalent cases of diabetes diagnosed in children and young people (0–17 years) in north east England and north Cumbria. There are several unique features of the study region. Most notably, compared with other areas, it has little general outward migration and only includes a small ethnic minority community. We anticipate that the registry will provide an important regional data source for research, audit and service provision planning.

The importance of regional registries is now being recognised, and we hope that a description of our recent experience will be useful to individuals involved in registry development elsewhere. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons.
Relaxation dynamics of stretched polymer chains traced by shear induced Shish‐Kebab structure
Authors: Jiang Xi , Liao Qi , Zhou Jianjun , Wang Zhaohui , Chan Chiming , Li Lin
Published: March 2013

We have developed a morphologic method to investigate the relaxation processing of the stretched polymer chains in melts, in which an atomic force microscope probe was used to shear the surface of an isotactic polypropylene melt to obtain the isolated shish‐kebab structure. We present the results of the time dependence of length of the isolated shish‐kebab structure and the stress dependence of the kebab density along the direction of shish in this paper. Our results demonstrate that the shear‐oriented polymer melts show the relaxation dynamics of worm‐like chain where the length deficit of the isolated shish‐kebab structure is scaled with the relaxation time as a power of 1/3. The melting behavior of shish‐kebab structure was also investigated. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 907–914
Volume recovery of polystyrene/silica nanocomposites
Authors: Cangialosi Daniele , Boucher Virginie M. , Alegría Angel , Colmenero Juan
Published: March 2013

Macroscopic volume as well as capacitive dilatometry (CD) measurements have been performed on polystyrene/silica nanocomposites during the course of physical aging below the glass transition temperature (Tg). Our results show that the macroscopic volume recovery during physical aging is not affected by the presence of nanofillers, whereas the CD measurements, delivering also information on the polymer matrix density, show acceleration of the recovery with increasing the silica content. Hence, the main outcome of the present work is that the evolution of macroscopic and matrix densities are markedly different in polymer nanocomposites. We interpret these results invoking an equilibration mechanism based on volume holes diffusion. According to this model, excess free volume migration at the polymer/filler interface only modifies the matrix density, thereby explaining the faster recovery detected by CD measurements in comparison to the macroscopic volume one. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys., 2013
Internal friction in the particulate magnetoelectric composite (x)PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3–(1 − x)Mn0.4Zn0.6Fe2O4
Authors: Kalgin A. V. , Gridnev S. A.
Published: March 2013

The internal friction and shear modulus for the particulate magnetoelectric composite (x)PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3–(1 − x) Mn0.4Zn0.6Fe2O4 have been studied over a temperature range from room temperature to 670 K. In the vicinity of the ferroelectric phase transition temperature, we have observed the internal friction peak that is explained in terms of the fluctuation model. The “residual” internal friction near the ferroelectric Curie point has also been revealed. The “residual” internal friction is assumed to be due to the interaction of domain boundaries in PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3 with point defects.
Assessment of Cytotoxic Properties of Safranal and Nanoliposomal Safranal in Various Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Malaekeh‐Nikouei Bizhan , Mousavi Seyed Hadi , Shahsavand Shabnam , Mehri Soghra , Nassirli Horiyeh , Moallem Seyed Adel
Published: March 2013

Saffron (Crocus sativus) is a widely used food additive used for its color and taste. It has been reported that saffron possesses significant in vivo and in vitro anti‐tumor activity. In the present study, anti‐tumor effects of safranal, the major aromatic compound in saffron, and its liposomal form were investigated. The role of apoptosis has also been explored in this toxicity. HeLa, MCF7 and L929 cell lines were cultured and exposed to safranal (0.01–3 mM) or liposomal safranal (0.04–0.32 mM). 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed to assess cytotoxicity. Apoptosis was evaluated by staining cells with propidium iodide and quantifying sub‐Gl peak by flow cytometry. MTT assay revealed a significant and concentration‐dependent cytotoxic effect of safranal on HeLa and MCF7 cell lines. Liposomal safranal showed enhanced effect compared to the safranal solution, as compared by their IC50 concentrations. Flow cytometry results revealed induction of apoptosis by safranal. It might be concluded that safranal could be involved in saffron‐induced cell death in HeLa and MCF7 cells. Liposome encapsulation improved anti‐tumor effect of safranal. Safranal and particularly its liposomal form could be investigated as promising chemotherapeutic agents in cancer treatment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protective Effects of Total Flavonoids from Epimedium on the Male Mouse Reproductive System Against Cyclophosphamide‐Induced Oxidative Injury by Up‐Regulating the Expressions of SOD3 and GPX1
Authors: Yuan Ding , Wang Hongwu , He Haibo , Jia Liangliang , He Yumin , Wang Ting , Zeng Xiao , Li Yuzhou , Li Shouchao , Zhang Changcheng
Published: March 2013

Total flavonoids of Epimedium (TFE) is the main active composition of Epimedium that has been used to treat male reproductive problems. The present aim was to investigate the protective effects of TFE on male mice reproductive system against cyclophosphamide (CP)‐induced oxidative injury. The animals were treated with CP to make testicular injury model and the protective effects of TFE were observed. In the CP‐treated group, testicular and epididymal weights, sperm count and motility significantly decreased relative to the control group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Compared with the CP‐treated group, TFE (200 and 400 mg/kg) treated mice increased testicular weights by 21.6% and 28.4% (P < 0.05), sperm counts by 81.7% and 148.3% (P < 0.01) and sperm motility by 47.2% and 61.3% (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the CP‐treated group showed enhancement of lipid peroxidation leading to testicular reproductive toxicity. TFE restored these oxidative damages by up‐regulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes, especially SOD3 and GPX1. TUNEL assay and histopathological observations provided supportive evidence for above results, and when the dose of TFE increased, the aforesaid improvement became more and more strong. These results demonstrated that TFE exerted beneficially protective effects on the structural and functional damage of male mice reproductive system and reduced apoptosis in spermatogenic cells by inhibiting CP‐induced oxidative stress. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Skin Health Promotion Effects of Natural Beta‐Glucan Derived from Cereals and Microorganisms: A Review
Authors: Du Bin , Bian Zhaoxiang , Xu Baojun
Published: March 2013

β‐Glucans are natural cell wall polysaccharides found in yeast, fungi (including mushrooms), some bacteria, seaweeds and cereals. Natural β‐glucans possess many health promotion effects on human health, such as anti‐tumor, anti‐diabetes, anti‐infection, lowering blood cholesterol and immune‐modulating properties. These effects have been reviewed previously. However, skin health promotion of β‐glucan derived from cereals and microorganisms has received little attention. This review focuses on antioxidant activity, anti‐wrinkle activity, anti‐ultraviolet light, wound healing, and moisturizing effect and skin permeation absorption of β‐glucan. Furthermore, applications of β‐glucan in cosmetics are also discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Position‐Space View on Chemical Bonding in Metal Diborides with AlB2Type of Crystal Structure
Authors: Wagner Frank R. , Baranov Alexey I. , Grin Yuri , Kohout Miroslav
Published: March 2013

On the basis of QTAIM and ELI‐D partitioning of position space two‐ and three‐center delocalization indices were calculated for fifteenMB2phases with the crystal structure of AlB2type. The bonding picture in main‐group metal diborides is closest related to graphite with dominant covalent B–B bonding, albeit with lower effective bond order. For MgB2an exceptionally large distant electron sharing was found. Transition‐metal diborides display smaller effective bond orders B–B but higher effective bond ordersTM–B andTM–TMthan main‐group metal diborides. The large chemical flexibility of this structure type is caused by counterbalancing effects of B–B bonding vs.M–B andM–Mbonding. Different three‐center fluctuation channels of bonds B–B are found for main‐group and transition‐metal diborides, namely B–B–B for the former and B–B–Mfor the latter. With the technique of ELI‐D/QTAIM intersection the increasing importance of B2→4Mbond charge fluctuations along each row of the periodic table can be recovered already at the topological level of analysis.
Pancreatic cancer causing acute pancreatitis: a comparative study with cancer patients without pancreatitis and pancreatitis patients without cancer
Authors: Minato Yohei , Kamisawa Terumi , Tabata Taku , Hara Seiichi , Kuruma Sawako , Chiba Kazuro , Kuwata Go , Fujiwara Takashi , Egashira Hideto , Koizumi Koichi , Saito Itaru , Endo Yuka , Koizumi Satomi , Fujiwara Junko , Arakawa Takeo , Momma Kumiko , Kurata Masanao , Honda Goro
Published: March 2013

Background/purpose

Although pancreatic cancer produces upstream obstructive pancreatitis, acute pancreatitis is a less common manifestation of pancreatic cancer. This study aimed to clarify the subgroup of pancreatic cancer patients who present with an episode of acute pancreatitis (Group I) in comparison with a matched group of pancreatic cancer patients without pancreatitis (Group II) and another group of acute pancreatitis patients without pancreatic cancer (Group III).

Methods

This was a retrospective comparative study of 18 patients in Group I, 300 patients in Group II and 141 patients in Group III.

Results

The mean age of Group I was 63.7 years and the male to female ration was 1:0.3. Serum CA 19–9 levels were elevated in 80 %. The main pancreatic duct was incompletely obstructed in 7 patients. There were no significant differences in location of tumor, clinical stage, resection rate and survival months between Group I and II. Acute pancreatitis secondary to pancreatic cancer was more likely to be mild (94 vs. 72 %,p < 0.05) and relapsed (39 vs. 16 %,p < 0.05) compared with Group III.

Conclusions

Anatomic evaluation of the pancreas should be performed in patients with acute pancreatitis with no obvious etiology, even if the pancreatitis is mild, to search for underlying malignancy.
Plasma HDL Reduces Nonesterified Fatty Acid Hydroperoxides Originating from Oxidized LDL: a Mechanism for Its Antioxidant Ability
Authors: Kotosai Mari , Shimada Sachiko , Kanda Mai , Matsuda Namiko , Sekido Keiko , Shimizu Yoshibumi , Tokumura Akira , Nakamura Toshiyuki , Murota Kaeko , Kawai Yoshichika , Terao Junji
Published: March 2013

The antioxidant property of plasma high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) is thought to be involved in potential anti‐atherogenic effects but the exact mechanism is not known. We aimed to reveal the contribution of HDL on the elimination of lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) derived from oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (LDL). Oxidized LDL prepared by copper ion‐induced oxidation contained nonesterified fatty acid hydroperoxides (FFA‐OOH) and lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPtdCho), in addition to cholesteryl ester hydroperoxides (CE‐OOH) and phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides (PtdCho‐OOH). A platelet‐activating factor‐acetylhydrolase (PAF‐AH) inhibitor suppressed formation of FFA‐OOH and lysoPtdCho in oxidized LDL. Among LOOH species, FFA‐OOH was preferentially reduced by incubating oxidized LDL with HDL. HDL exhibited selective FFA‐OOH reducing ability if it was mixed with a liposomal solution containing FFA‐OOH, CE‐OOH and PtdCho‐OOH. Two‐electron reduction of the hydroperoxy group to the hydroxy group was confirmed by the formation of 13‐hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid from 13‐hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid in HPLC analyses. This reducing effect was also found in apolipoprotein A‐1 (apoA‐1). FFA‐OOH released from PtdCho‐OOH due to PAF‐AH activity in oxidized LDL undergo two‐electron reduction by the reducing ability of apoA1 in HDL. This preferential reduction of FFA‐OOH may participate in the mechanism of the antioxidant property of HDL.
Genetic and epigenetic mutations affect the DNA binding capability of human ZFP57 in transient neonatal diabetes type 1
Authors: Baglivo Ilaria , Esposito Sabrina , De Cesare Lucia , Sparago Angela , Anvar Zahra , Riso Vincenzo , Cammisa Marco , Fattorusso Roberto , Grimaldi Giovanna , Riccio Andrea , Pedone Paolo V.
Published: March 2013

In the mouse, ZFP57 contains three classical Cys2His2 zinc finger domains (ZF) and recognizes the methylated TGCmetCGC target sequence using the first and the second ZFs. In this study, we demonstrate that the human ZFP57 (hZFP57) containing six Cys2His2 ZFs, binds the same methylated sequence through the third and the fourth ZFs, and identify the aminoacids critical for DNA interaction. In addition, we present evidences indicating that hZFP57 mutations and hypomethylation of the TNDM1 ICR both associated with Transient Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus type 1 result in loss of hZFP57 binding to the TNDM1 locus, likely causing PLAGL1 activation.
Light‐independent biosynthesis and assembly of the photosystem II complex in the diatom Chaetoceros gracilis
Authors: Nagao Ryo , Tomo Tatsuya , Narikawa Rei , Enami Isao , Ikeuchi Masahiko
Published: March 2013

Diatoms can survive for long periods in the dark. However, how biosynthesis of photosynthetic proteins contributes to survival in the dark is poorly understood. Using a radiolabeling technique, we examined whether de novo biosynthesis and assembly of photosynthetic proteins differs in light‐adapted vs. dark‐adapted marine diatoms (Chaetoceros gracilis). In light‐adapted cells, D1 protein was heavily radiolabeled owing to rapid turnover of photosystem II (PSII). In dark‐adapted cells (>24 h), the radiolabeling patterns of PSII components changed, but the PSII dimer still formed. Therefore, diatoms may regulate the biosynthesis of photosynthetic proteins for long‐term survival in the dark.
A human pluripotent carcinoma stem cell‐based model for in vitro developmental neurotoxicity testing: Effects of methylmercury, lead and aluminum evaluated by gene expression studies
Authors: Laurenza Incoronata , Pallocca Giorgia , Mennecozzi Milena , Scelfo Bibiana , Pamies David , Bal‐Price Anna
Published: March 2013

The major advantage of the neuronal cell culture models derived from human stem cells is their ability to replicate the crucial stages of neurodevelopment such as the commitment of human stem cells to the neuronal lineage and their subsequent stages of differentiation into neuronal and glial‐like cell. In these studies we used mixed neuronal/glial culture derived from the NTERA‐2 (NT‐2) cell line, which has been established from human pluripotent testicular embryonal carcinoma cells. After characterization of the different stages of cell differentiation into neuronal‐ and glial‐like phenotype toxicity studies were performed to evaluate whether this model would be suitable for developmental neurotoxicity studies. The cells were exposed during the differentiation process to non‐cytotoxic concentrations of methylmercury chloride, lead chloride and aluminum nitrate for two weeks. The toxicity was then evaluated by measuring the mRNA levels of cell specific markers (neuronal and glial). The results obtained suggest that lead chloride and aluminum nitrate at low concentrations were toxic primarily to astrocytes and at the higher concentrations it also induced neurotoxicity. In contrast, MetHgCl was toxic for both cell types, neuronal and glial, as mRNA specific for astrocytes and neuronal markers were affected. The results obtained suggest that a neuronal mixed culture derived from human NT2 precursor cells is a suitable model for developmental neurotoxicity studies and gene expression could be used as a sensitive endpoint for initial screening of potential neurotoxic compounds.
Changes in plasma amyloid beta in a longitudinal study of aging and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Rembach Alan , Faux Noel G. , Watt Andrew D. , Pertile Kelly K. , Rumble Rebecca L. , Trounson Brett O. , Fowler Christopher J. , Roberts Blaine R. , Perez Keyla A. , Li Qiao‐Xin , Laws Simon M. , Taddei Kevin , Rainey‐Smith Stephanie , Robertson Joanne S. , Vandijck Manu , Vanderstichele Hugo , Barnham Kevin J. , Ellis Kathryn A. , Szoeke Cassandra , Macaulay Lance , Rowe Christopher C. , Villemagne Victor L. , Ames David , Martins Ralph N. , Bush Ashley I. , Masters Colin L. ,   AIBL research group
Published: March 2013

Background

A practical biomarker is required to facilitate the preclinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods

Plasma amyloid beta (Aβ)1–40, Aβ1–42, Aβn–40, and Aβn–42peptides were measured at baseline and after 18 months in 771 participants from the Australian Imaging Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study of aging. Aβ peptide levels were compared with clinical pathology, neuroimaging and neuropsychological measurements.

Results

Although inflammatory and renal function covariates influenced plasma Aβ levels significantly, a decrease in Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40was observed in patients with AD, and was also inversely correlated with neocortical amyloid burden. During the 18 months, plasma Aβ1–42decreased in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and in those transitioning from healthy to MCI.

Conclusion

Our findings are consistent with a number of published plasma Aβ studies and, although the prognostic value of individual measures in any given subject is limited, the diagnostic contribution of plasma Aβ may demonstrate utility when combined with a panel of peripheral biomarkers.
Laser Fundamentals
Authors: Silfvast William T.
Published: March 2013

Laser Fundamentals provides a clear and comprehensive introduction to the physical and engineering principles of laser operation and design. Simple explanations, based throughout on key underlying concepts, lead the reader logically from the basics of laser action to advanced topics in laser physics and engineering. Much new material has been added to this second edition, especially in the areas of solid-state lasers, semiconductor lasers, and laser cavities. This 2004 edition contains a new chapter on laser operation above threshold, including extensive discussion of laser amplifiers. The clear explanations, worked examples, and many homework problems will make this book invaluable to undergraduate and first-year graduate students in science and engineering taking courses on lasers. The summaries of key types of lasers, the use of many unique theoretical descriptions, and the extensive bibliography will also make this a valuable reference work for researchers.
Semantics
Authors: Lyons John
Published: March 2013

This book, which can be read independently, deals with more specifically linguistic problems in semantics and contains substantial original material.
Quantum Field Theory
Authors: Brown Lowell S.
Published: March 2013

This book develops quantum field theory starting from its foundation in quantum mechanics. Quantum field theory is the basic theory of elementary particle physics. In recent years, many techniques have been developed which extend and clarify this theory. This book incorporates these modern methods, giving a thoroughly modern pedagogic account which starts from first principles. The path integral formulation is introduced right at the beginning. The method of dimensional continuation is employed to regulate and renormalize the theory. This facilitates the introduction of the concepts of the renormalization group at an early stage. The notion of spontaneous symmetry breakdown is also introduced early on by the example of superfluid helium. Topics in quantum electrodynamics are described which have an analog in quantum chromodynamics. Some novel techniques are employed, such as the use of dimensional continuation to compute the Lamb shift. Many problems are included.
The Economic Development of a Norfolk Manor 1086–1565
Authors: Davenport Frances Gardiner
Published: March 2013

This highly detailed analysis of the medieval records of Forncett Manor, first published in 1906, is a case study of the development of an agricultural estate from early medieval to Tudor times. The economic system of the manor and the people who depended on it, aristocrats, tenants and serfs, is described and statistics are given where they can be extrapolated from the surviving records. Appendices list and transcribe important sections of the archive, including lists of tenants and financial records, as well as relevant passages of the Domesday Book. Starting from the documentary evidence, Harvard-trained Davenport does not speculate beyond the facts and offers little interpretation. However, she creates a highly instructive case study for medieval economic history that remains a rich source of valuable information for historians of later generations.
An Introduction to Atmospheric Physics
Authors: Andrews David G.
Published: March 2013

A quantitative introduction to the Earth's atmosphere for intermediate-advanced undergraduate and graduate students, with an emphasis on underlying physical principles. This edition has been brought completely up-to-date, and now includes a new chapter on the physics of climate change which builds upon material introduced in earlier chapters, giving the student a broad understanding of some of the physical concepts underlying this most important and topical subject. In contrast to many other books on atmospheric science, the emphasis is on the underlying physics. Atmospheric applications are developed mainly in the problems given at the end of each chapter. The book is an essential resource for all students of atmospheric physics as part of an atmospheric science, meteorology, physics, Earth science, planetary science, or applied mathematics course.
An Introduction to the Philosophy of Mind
Authors: Lowe E. J.
Published: March 2013

In this book Jonathan Lowe offers a lucid and wide-ranging introduction to the philosophy of mind. Using a problem-centred approach designed to stimulate as well as instruct, he begins with a general examination of the mind-body problem and moves on to detailed examination of more specific philosophical issues concerning sensation, perception, thought and language, rationality, artificial intelligence, action, personal identity and self-knowledge. His discussion is notably broad in scope, and distinctive in giving equal attention to deep metaphysical questions concerning the mind and to the discoveries and theories of modern scientific psychology. It will be of interest to any reader with a basic grounding in modern philosophy.
Galaxy Formation and Evolution
Authors: Mo Houjun , van den Bosch Frank , White Simon
Published: March 2013

The rapidly expanding field of galaxy formation lies at the interface between astronomy, particle physics, and cosmology. Covering diverse topics from these disciplines, all of which are needed to understand how galaxies form and evolve, this book is ideal for researchers entering the field. Individual chapters explore the evolution of the Universe as a whole and its particle and radiation content; linear and nonlinear growth of cosmic structure; processes affecting the gaseous and dark matter components of galaxies and their stellar populations; the formation of spiral and elliptical galaxies; central supermassive black holes and the activity associated with them; galaxy interactions; and the intergalactic medium. Emphasizing both observational and theoretical aspects, this book provides a coherent introduction for astronomers, cosmologists, and astroparticle physicists to the broad range of science underlying the formation and evolution of galaxies.
Introduction to Coding Theory
Authors: Roth Ron
Published: March 2013

Error-correcting codes constitute one of the key ingredients in achieving the high degree of reliability required in modern data transmission and storage systems. This 2006 book introduces the reader to the theoretical foundations of error-correcting codes, with an emphasis on Reed-Solomon codes and their derivative codes. After reviewing linear codes and finite fields, the author describes Reed-Solomon codes and various decoding algorithms. Cyclic codes are presented, as are MDS codes, graph codes, and codes in the Lee metric. Concatenated, trellis, and convolutional codes are also discussed in detail. Homework exercises introduce additional concepts such as Reed-Muller codes, and burst error correction. The end-of-chapter notes often deal with algorithmic issues, such as the time complexity of computational problems. While mathematical rigor is maintained, the text is designed to be accessible to a broad readership, including students of computer science, electrical engineering, and mathematics, from senior-undergraduate to graduate level.
Person
Authors: Siewierska Anna
Published: March 2013

This textbook deals with the grammatical category of person, which covers the first person, the second person, and the third person. Drawing on data from over 700 languages, Anna Siewierska compares the use of person within and across different languages, and examines the factors underlying this variation. She shows how person forms vary in substance, in the nature of the semantic distinctions they convey, in how they are used in sentences and discourse, and in the way they function to convey social distinctions. By looking at different types of person forms in the grammatical and social contexts in which they are used, this book documents an underlying unity between them, arguing against the treatment of person markers based on arbitrary sets of morphological and syntactic properties. Clearly organized and accessibly written, it will be welcomed by students and scholars of linguistics, particularly those interested in grammatical categories and their use.
Quantum Optics
Authors: Agarwal Girish S.
Published: March 2013

In the last decade many important advances have taken place in the field of quantum optics, with numerous potential applications. Ideal for graduate courses on quantum optics, this textbook provides an up-to-date account of the basic principles of the subject. Focusing on applications of quantum optics, the textbook covers recent developments such as engineering of quantum states, quantum optics on a chip, nano-mechanical mirrors, quantum entanglement, quantum metrology, spin squeezing, control of decoherence and many other key topics. Readers are guided through the principles of quantum optics and their uses in a wide variety of areas including quantum information science and quantum mechanics. The textbook features end-of-chapter exercises with solutions available for instructors at www.cambridge.org/9781107006409. It is invaluable to both graduate students and researchers in physics and photonics, quantum information science and quantum communications.
Byron
Authors: Nichol John
Published: March 2013

George Gordon, Lord Byron (1788–1824) is regarded as one of Britain's greatest poets. As famous for his personality as he was for his poetry, he was rebellious, extravagant and controversial, his life peppered with scandal. First published in the English Men of Letters series in 1880, this biography by John Nichol (1833–94), who also wrote on Carlyle for the series, argues that while Byron did not shape the Romantic era, his work was still highly influential on his contemporaries. Setting Byron's work in an historical context, Nichol shows how the society of his time both idolised him and condemned him as a moral outcast; he was also greatly admired for his efforts for the liberation of Greece from the Ottoman Empire, during which he died. Nichol also discusses the creation of the 'Byronic hero', as much a reflection of Byron's flamboyant persona as an invented literary character.
Geschichte des Hellenismus
Authors: Droysen Johann Gustav
Published: March 2013

Johann Gustav Droysen (1808–84) belonged to a German school of historical thought influenced by Hegel, which emphasised the role of great individuals in history. A pupil of August Boeckh, his own famous students included Jacob Burckhardt. He was noted for his thorough and painstaking use of source materials, and his history of Alexander the Great (1833) remained the standard work on the subject for many years. Droysen published this pioneering two-volume study of the centuries after Alexander's death in 1836 and 1843; he coined the term 'Hellenism' to refer to this period. Volume 2 is devoted to the formation of the Hellenistic states and covers the period 280–221 BCE. It describes power struggles in the Mediterranean region involving Tarentum, Carthage, Rome, the Italic tribes and the Gauls. A substantial appendix lists the colonies founded by Alexander the Great and his successors.
Chapters on Mental Physiology
Authors: Holland Henry
Published: March 2013

Sir Henry Holland (1788–1873), physician and travel writer, was one of the best known and sought-after doctors in nineteenth-century Britain. He was medical attendant to Queen Caroline, the wife of George IV, and was appointed physician-extraordinary to Queen Victoria on her accession in 1837. Holland also counted six British prime ministers among his patients. He received honorary degrees from Oxford and Harvard, and served as president of the Royal Society three times. First published in 1852, Holland's book on mental physiology explores the medical links between mind and body, including the ways in which sleep, insanity, memory, age, instincts, and habits affect the human body and nervous system. Parts of this work also appeared in Holland's earlier publication, Medical Notes and Reflections (1839). While many of the theories on which he writes (such as phrenology) have since been discredited, Holland's book remains an intriguing insight into Victorian medical science.
A History of British Fossil Mammals, and Birds
Authors: Owen Richard
Published: March 2013

Richard Owen (1804–92) was a controversial and influential palaeontologist and anatomist. During his medical studies in Edinburgh and London, he grew interested in anatomical research and, after qualifying as a surgeon, became assistant conservator in the museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, and then superintendent of natural history in the British Museum. He became an authority on comparative anatomy and palaeontology, coining the term 'dinosaur' and founding the Natural History Museum. He was also a critic of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, and engaged in a long and bitter argument with Thomas Huxley, known as 'Darwin's bulldog' for his belligerent support of the theory. Published in 1846, this is Owen's comparative anatomical analysis of the fossils of British birds and mammals. It compares living species with extinct ones, and explains the characteristics that help identification, using 237 woodcut illustrations to show the traits of different species.
On the Anatomy of Vertebrates
Authors: Owen Richard
Published: March 2013

Richard Owen F.R.S. (1804–92) was a controversial and influential palaeontologist and anatomist. Owen studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh and at London's St Bartholomew's Hospital. He grew interested in anatomical research, and after qualifying he became assistant conservator in the museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, and then superintendent of natural history in the British Museum. He quickly became an authority on comparative anatomy and palaeontology, coining the term 'dinosaur' and founding the Natural History Museum. He was also a fierce critic of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, and engaged in a long and bitter argument with Darwin's 'Bulldog', Thomas Huxley. Published in 1866, this is the second book in a highly illustrated three-volume set that comprises a thorough overview of vertebrate anatomy. This volume focuses on the anatomy of birds, and includes the first part of the analysis of mammalian anatomy.
An Inquiry into the Human Mind, on the Principles of Common Sense
Authors: Reid Thomas
Published: March 2013

Thomas Reid (1710–96), the Scottish natural and moral philosopher, was one of the founding members of the Aberdeen Philosophical Society and a significant figure in the Scottish Enlightenment. Reid believed that common sense should form the foundation of all philosophical inquiry. He criticised the sceptical philosophy propagated by his fellow Scot David Hume and the Anglo-Irish bishop George Berkeley, who asserted that the external world did not exist outside the human mind. Reid was also critical of the theory of ideas propagated by Locke and Descartes, arguing that it was incompatible with physical and experiential facts. For Reid, our senses demonstrate that the external world must exist, and this work is organised in chapters examining each of the senses in turn. The book, based on his lectures, was first published in 1764 when Reid was a regent professor at King's College, Aberdeen, and was reissued in 1818.
Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley
Authors: Huxley Leonard , Huxley Thomas Henry
Published: March 2013

Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–95), the English biologist and naturalist, was known as 'Darwin's Bulldog', and is best remembered today for his vociferous support for Darwin's theory of evolution. He was, however, an influential naturalist, anatomist and religious thinker, who coined the term 'agnostic' to describe his own beliefs. Almost entirely self-educated, he became an authority in anatomy and palaeontology, and after the discovery of the archaeopteryx, he was the first to suggest that birds had evolved from dinosaurs. He was also a keen promoter of scientific education who strove to make science a paid profession, not dependent on patronage or wealth. Published in 1903, this three-volume work, edited by his son Leonard Huxley, is the second and most complete edition of Huxley's biography and selected letters. Volume 3 covers the period 1887–95, during which Huxley battled ill-health while continuing to defend his scientific ideals.
Collected Essays
Authors: Huxley Thomas Henry
Published: March 2013

Known as 'Darwin's Bulldog', the biologist Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–95) was a tireless supporter of the evolutionary theories of his friend Charles Darwin. Huxley also made his own significant scientific contributions, and he was influential in the development of science education despite having had only two years of formal schooling. He established his scientific reputation through experiments on aquatic life carried out during a voyage to Australia while working as an assistant surgeon in the Royal Navy; ultimately he became President of the Royal Society (1883–5). Throughout his life Huxley struggled with issues of faith, and he coined the term 'agnostic' to describe his beliefs. This nine-volume collection of Huxley's essays, which he edited and published in 1893–4, demonstrates the wide range of his intellectual interests. Volume 2 examines the criticism and controversy surrounding Darwin's work, and the implications of his ideas on biological science.
Collected Essays
Authors: Huxley Thomas Henry
Published: March 2013

Known as 'Darwin's Bulldog', the biologist Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–95) was a tireless supporter of the evolutionary theories of his friend Charles Darwin. Huxley also made his own significant scientific contributions, and he was influential in the development of science education despite having had only two years of formal schooling. He established his scientific reputation through experiments on aquatic life carried out during a voyage to Australia while working as an assistant surgeon in the Royal Navy; ultimately he became President of the Royal Society (1883–5). Throughout his life Huxley struggled with issues of faith, and he coined the term 'agnostic' to describe his beliefs. This nine-volume collection of Huxley's essays, which he edited and published in 1893–4, demonstrates the wide range of his intellectual interests. Volume 8 contains public lectures given by Huxley, on themes as diverse as yeast, lobsters and palaeontology.
Collected Essays
Authors: Huxley Thomas Henry
Published: March 2013

Known as 'Darwin's Bulldog', the biologist Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–95) was a tireless supporter of the evolutionary theories of his friend Charles Darwin. Huxley also made his own significant scientific contributions, and he was influential in the development of science education despite having had only two years of formal schooling. He established his scientific reputation through experiments on aquatic life carried out during a voyage to Australia while working as an assistant surgeon in the Royal Navy; ultimately he became President of the Royal Society (1883–5). Throughout his life Huxley struggled with issues of faith, and he coined the term 'agnostic' to describe his beliefs. This nine-volume collection of Huxley's essays, which he edited and published in 1893–4, demonstrates the wide range of his intellectual interests. Volume 9 includes lectures delivered at Oxford University on the relationship between scientific thought and ethical problems.
Lectures and Essays
Authors: Clifford William Kingdon
Published: March 2013

A fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and of the Royal Society, William Clifford (1845–79) made his reputation in applied mathematics, but his interests ranged far more widely, encompassing ethics, evolution, metaphysics and philosophy of mind. This posthumously collected two-volume work, first published in 1879, bears witness to the dexterity and eclecticism of this Victorian thinker, whose commitment to the most abstract principles of mathematics and the most concrete details of human experience resulted in vivid and often unexpected arguments. Volume 2 shows Clifford's thorough engagement with scientific thought as a method for illuminating ethical and moral questions. Essays such as 'Body and Mind', 'On the Scientific Basis of Morals' and 'The Ethics of Belief' all variously demonstrate Clifford's core tenet: that beliefs - whether they guide human action or scientific enquiry - 'can never suffer from investigation'.
Amino Acids and Peptides
Authors: Barrett G. C. , Elmore D. T.
Published: March 2013

This text is suitable for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in chemistry and biochemistry studying amino acids and peptides. The authors concentrate on amino acids and peptides without detailed discussions of proteins, although the book gives all the essential background chemistry, including sequence determination, synthesis and spectroscopic methods, to enable the reader to appreciate protein behaviour at the molecular level. The approach is intended to encourage the reader to cross classical boundaries, as in the later chapters on the biological roles of amino acids and the design of peptide-based drugs. For example, there is a section on the enzyme-catalysed synthesis of peptides, with suitable examples, an area often neglected in texts describing peptide synthesis. This modern text will be of value in the amino acid, peptide and protein field, to advanced undergraduates, graduate students and research workers.
Gender
Authors: Corbett Greville G.
Published: March 2013

Gender is a fascinating category, central and pervasive in some languages and totally absent in others. In this new, comprehensive account of gender systems, over 200 languages are discussed, from English and Russian to Archi and Chichewa. Detailed analysis of individual languages provides clear illustrations of specific types of system. Gender distinction is often based on sex; sometimes this is only one criterion and the gender of nouns depends on other factors (thus 'house' is masculine in Russian, feminine in French and neuter in Tamil). Some languages have comparable distinctions such as human/non-human, animate/inanimate, where sex is irrelevant. No other textbook surveys gender across this range of languages. Gender will be invaluable both for class use and as a reference resource for students and researchers in linguistics.
Sociolinguistics
Authors: Hudson R. A.
Published: March 2013

This new edition of Richard Hudson's widely acclaimed textbook Sociolinguistics will be welcomed by students and teachers alike. To reflect changes in the field since publication of the first edition in 1980, the author has added new sections on politeness, accommodation, and prototypes; and he has expanded discussion of sex differences, culture and general theory. There remains coverage of classic topics such as varieties of language, speech as social interaction, the quantitative study of speech, and linguistic and social inequality. Like the first, the second edition of Sociolinguistics is an exceptionally clear and helpful overview of the relationship of language and society.
Intonation
Authors: Cruttenden Alan
Published: March 2013

When originally published in 1986, this book was the first to survey intonation in all its aspects, both in English and universally. In this updated edition, while the basic descriptive facts of the form and use of intonation are presented in the British nuclear tone tradition, there is nevertheless extensive comparison with other theoretical frameworks, in particular with the ToBI framework, which has become widespread in the United States. In this new edition Alan Cruttenden has expanded the sections on historical background, different theoretical approaches and sociolinguistic variation. After introductory chapters on the physiology and acoustics of pitch, he describes in detail the forms and functions of intonation in English and discusses the sociolinguistic and dialectal variations in intonation. The concluding chapter provides an overview of the state of the art in intonational studies.