bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radio Observations of Supernova 1987A
Authors: Staveley-Smith L. , Potter T. M. , Zanardo G. , Gaensler B. M. , Ng C.-Y.
Published: January 2014

Supernovae and their remnants are believed to be prodigious sources of Galactic cosmic rays and interstellar dust. Understanding the mechanisms behind their surprisingly high production rate is helped by the study of nearby young supernova remnants. There has been none better in modern times than SN1987A, for which radio observations have been made for over a quarter of a century. We review extensive observations made with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) at centimetre wavelengths. Emission at frequencies from 1 to 100 GHz is dominated by synchrotron radiation from an outer shock front which has been growing exponentially in strength from day 3000, and is currently sweeping around the circumstellar ring at about 4000 km s−1. Three dimensional models of the propagation of the shock into the circumstellar medium are able to reproduce the main observational features of the remnant, and their evolution. We find that up to 4% of the electrons encountered by the shock are accelerated to relativistic energies. High-frequency ALMA observations will break new ground in the understanding of dust and molecule production.
Supernova searches and rates
Authors: Cappellaro Enrico
Published: January 2014

Supernova statistics, establishing a direct link between stellar populations and explosion scenarios, is a crucial test of stellar evolution theory. Nowadays, a number of SN searches in the local Universe and at high redshifts are allowing observational probes of long standing theoretical scenarios. I will briefly review some of the most interesting results in particular for what concern the evolution with cosmic time of the SN rate, which is one of the topic that in the last few years had a most rapid development.
X-rays from Core-collapse Supernovae
Authors: Pooley David
Published: January 2014

Core-collapse supernovae can produce X-rays through a variety of mechanisms, which are briefly reviewed. Through a combination of targeted searches of specific supernovae and archival searches for serendipitous coverage of supernovae, the number of known X-ray supernovae has grown by a factor of five in the past 13 years, when the Chandra X-ray Observatory and XMM-Newton were launched. The Swift satellite has contributed greatly to the discovery of X-ray emitted supernovae, but care must taken with all Swift detections given its spatial resolution and the number of X-ray binaries typically seen in external galaxies. About half of the reported Swift detections of X-ray emission from supernovae are in fact not due to the supernovae but from unrelated nearby sources in the host galaxies.
Radio Observations Of A Nearby Type IIP SN 2012aw
Authors: Yadav Naveen , Ray Alak , Chakraborti Sayan , Stockdale Christopher , Chandra Poonam , Smith Randall , Roy Rupak , Dwarkadas Vikram , Sutaria Firoza , Pooley Dave , Kumar Brijesh , Bose Subhash
Published: January 2014

SN 2012AW is a type-IIP supernova which exploded in M95. In this paper we discuss the radio observations of this supernova and model them to determine the important parameters relevant to the explosion and the evolution of blast wave. We also determine the dominant cooling process important to this source.
The optical photometric and spectroscopic investigation of Type IIP supernova 2012A
Authors: Roy Rupak , Sutaria Firoza , Bose Subhash , Johnson Sean , Dwarkadas Vikram , York Brian , Kumar Brijesh , Kumar Brajesh , Bhatt Vijay K. , Chakraborti Sayan , York Don , Ritchey Adam , Saurage Gabrielle , Kaiser Mary Beth
Published: January 2014

Supernova 2012A was discovered on 7.39UT, January, 2012 in the nearby galaxy NGC 3239 at an unfiltered magnitude of 14.6 and classified spectroscopically as a Type IIP event. Here, we present the optical photometric and spectroscopic follow-up of the event during 14d to 130d post explosion.
Supernova progenitor mass constraints through spatial correlations with host galaxy star formation
Authors: Anderson Joseph P
Published: January 2014

We present progenitor mass constraints on supernovae (SNe), from correlations with star-forming regions within host galaxies. Through a pixel statistics method used together with H-alpha imaging of host galaxies, we present a progenitor mass sequence running from supernovae type Ia (SNIa) arising from the lowest, through SNII, SNIb, and finally SNIc arising from the highest mass progenitors, implied from an increasing association of their explosion sites with star formation (SF). We also present constraints on the various core-collapse (CC) sub-types, finding the perhaps surprising result that SNIIn show the lowest degree of association with SF of any CC type, implying relatively low-mass progenitors. Finally, we compare the SNIIn environment distribution to that of SNIa, posing the provocative question that additional SNIIn may be linked to the SNIa phenomenon where the latter's spectra are hidden beneath that of circumstellar material (CSM) interaction.
Molecules and dust in the ejecta of Type II-P supernovae
Authors: Cherchneff I. , Sarangi A.
Published: January 2014

We study the formation of molecules and dust clusters in the ejecta of solar metallicity, Type II-P supernovae using a chemical kinetic approach and follow the evolution of molecules and small dust cluster masses from day 100 to day 1500 after explosion. We predict that large masses of molecules including CO, SiO, SiS, O2, and SO form in the ejecta. We show that the non-equilibrium chemistry results in a gradual build up of the dust mass from small (~10−5M⊙) to large values (~5×10−2M⊙) over a five-year period after explosion. This result provides a natural explanation to the discrepancy between the small dust masses detected at infrared wavelengths some 500 days post-explosion and the larger amounts of dust recently detected with the Herschel telescope in supernova remnants.
The Galactic distribution of SNRs
Authors: Green D. A.
Published: January 2014

It is not straightforward to determine the distribution of supernova remnants (SNRs) in the Galaxy. The two main difficulties are that there are observational selection effects that mean that catalogues of SNRs are incomplete, and distances are not available for most remnants. Here I discuss the selection effects that apply to the latest catalogue of Galactic SNRs. I then compare the observed distribution of ‘bright’ SNRs in Galactic longitude with that expected from models in order to constrain the Galactic distribution of SNRs.
Discovery of supernova remnants in the Sino-German λ6 cm polarization survey of the Galactic plane
Authors: Gao X. Y. , Sun X. H. , Han J. L. , Reich W. , Reich P. , Wielebinski R.
Published: January 2014

The Sino-German λ6 cm polarization survey has mapped in total intensity and polarization intensity over an area of approximately 2200 square degrees in the Galactic disk. This survey provides an opportunity to search for Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) that were previously unknown. We discovered the new SNRs G178.2−4.2 and G25.1−2.3 which have non-thermal spectra, using the λ6 cm data together with the observations with the Effelsberg telescope at λ11 cm and λ21 cm. Both G178.2−4.2 and G25.1−2.3 are faint and have an apparent diameter greater than 1°. G178.2−4.2 shows a polarized shell. HI data suggest that G25.1−2.3 might have a distance of about 3 kpc. The λ6 cm survey data were also very important to identify two other new SNRs, G152.4−2.1 and G190.9−2.2.
The First Systematic Multi-wavelength Survey of Extragalactic Supernova Remnants
Authors: Leonidaki I. , Boumis P. , Zezas A.
Published: January 2014

We present the largest sample of multi-wavelength Supernova Remnants (SNRs) in six nearby galaxies, based on Chandra archival data and deep optical narrow-band Hα and [Sii] images as well as spectroscopic observations. We have identified 37 X-ray selected thermal SNRs, 30 of which are new identifications and ~ 400 optical SNRs, for 67 of which we spectroscopically verified their shock-excited nature. We discuss the properties of the X-ray/optically detected SNRs in different types of galaxies and hence different environments, in order to address their dependence on their Interstellar Medium (ISM). We also discuss the SNR populations in the context of the star formation rate of their host galaxies. We cross-correlate parameters of the optically detected SNRs with parameters of coincident X-ray emitting SNRs in order to understand their evolution and investigate possible selection effects.
X-ray imaging and spectroscopic study of the SNR Kes 73 hosting the magnetar 1E 1841–045
Authors: Kumar H. S. , Safi-Harb S. , Slane P. O. , Gotthelf E. V.
Published: January 2014

We present the first detailed Chandra and XMM-Newton study of the young Galactic supernova remnant (SNR) Kes 73 associated with the anomalous X-ray pulsar (AXP) 1E 1841–045. Images of the remnant in the radio (20 cm), infrared (24 μm), and X-rays (0.5–7 keV) reveal a spherical morphology with a bright western limb. High-resolution Chandra images show bright diffuse emission across the remnant, with several small-scale clumpy and knotty structures filling the SNR interior. The overall Chandra and XMM-Newton spectrum of the SNR is best described by a two-component thermal model with the hard component characterized by a low ionization timescale, suggesting that the hot plasma has not yet reached ionization equilibrium. The soft component is characterized by enhanced metal abundances from Mg, Si, and S, suggesting the presence of metal-rich supernova ejecta. We discuss the explosion properties of the supernova and infer the mass of its progenitor star. Such studies shed light on our understanding of SNRs associated with highly magnetized neutron stars.
Reprise of the Supershells
Authors: Chakraborti Sayan , Ray Alak
Published: January 2014

Neutral hydrogen cavities have been detected in the Milky Way for decades and more recently in other nearby star-forming galaxies. It has been suggested that at least a fraction of them may be expanding supershells driven by the combined mechanical feedback from multiple supernovae occurring in an OB association. Yet most extragalactic cavities had neither a demonstrated expansion velocity nor an identified OB association inside them. In this presentation, we will outline how new multiwavelength observations are providing us with systems to test the theory of supershells driven by the mechanical feedback from multiple supernovae. We shall also discuss the consequences of these recent results in the context of supernova feedback, propagating star formation and particle acceleration.
The Supernova – ISM/Star-formation interplay
Authors: Hensler Gerhard
Published: January 2014

Supernovae are the most energetic stellar events and influence the interstellar medium by their gasdynamics and energetics. By this, both also affect the star formation positively and negatively. In this paper, we review the complexity of investigations aiming at understanding the interchange between supernova explosions with the star-forming molecular clouds. Commencing from analytical studies the paper advances to numerical models of supernova feedback from superbubble scales to galaxy structure. We also discuss parametrizations of star-formation and supernova-energy transfer efficiencies. Since evolutionary models from the interstellar medium to galaxies are numerous and are applying multiple recipes of these parameters, only a representative selection of studies can be discussed here.
Formation of cold filaments from colliding superbubbles
Authors: Ntormousi Evangelia , Fierlinger Katharina , Burkert Andreas , Heitsch Fabian
Published: January 2014

We present results from numerical simulations of expanding and colliding supershells. These large-scale spherical shocks, created by the combined feedback from several OB stars, are unstable to a number of hydrodynamical instabilities, so they quickly fragment into cold and highly structured clumps. A collision between two large shells can organize these small clumps into very filamentary structures, of tens of parsecs length and less than a parsec thick. In simulations where the flow of stellar material is followed with a tracer quantity, cold structures practically do not contain any enriched material from the OB associations at the time of their creation. In this context then, the clumps are created almost exclusively out of diffuse ISM material, containing almost no wind or supernova matter. Although the mechanism presented here is possibly not the only route for filament creation, this predicted property may help identify regions of sequential star formation.
TeV γ-ray source MGRO J2019+37 : PWN or SNR?
Authors: Saha Lab , Bhattacharjee Pijushpani
Published: January 2014

Milagro has recently reported an extended TeV γ-ray source MGRO J2019+37 in the Cygnus region. It is the second brightest TeV source after Crab nebula in their source catalogue. No confirmed counterparts of this source are known although possible associations with several known sources have been suggested. We study leptonic as well as hadronic models of TeV emission within the context of Pulsar Wind Nebulae (PWN) and Supernova Remnant (SNR) type sources, using constraints from multi-wavelength data from observations made on sources around MGRO J2019+37. These include radio upper limit given by GMRT, GeV observations by Fermi-LAT, EGRET and AGILE and very high energy data taken from Milagro. We find that, within the PWN scenario, while both leptonic as well as hadronic models can explain the TeV flux from this source, the GMRT upper limit imposes a stringent upper limit on the size of the emission region in the case of leptonic model. In the SNR scenario, on the other hand, a purely leptonic origin of TeV flux is inconsistent with the GMRT upper limit. At the same time, a dominantly hadronic origin of the TeV flux is consistent with all observations, and the required hadronic energy budget is comparable to that of typical supernovae explosions.
Supernova remnants and the origin of cosmic rays
Authors: Vink Jacco
Published: January 2014

Supernova remnants have long been considered to be the dominant sources of Galactic cosmic rays. For a long time the prime evidence consisted of radio synchrotron radiation from supernova remnants, indicating the presence of electrons with energies of several GeV. However, in order to explain the cosmic ray energy density and spectrum in the Galaxy supernova remnant should use 10% of the explosion energy to accelerate particles, and about 99% of the accelerated particles should be protons and other atomic nuclei.

Over the last decade a lot of progress has been made in providing evidence that supernova remnant can accelerate protons to very high energies. The evidence consists of, among others, X-ray synchrotron radiation from narrow regions close to supernova remnant shock fronts, indicating the presence of 10-100 TeV electrons, and providing evidence for amplified magnetic fields, gamma-ray emission from both young and mature supernova remnants. The high magnetic fields indicate that the condition for accelerating protons to >1015 eV are there, whereas the gamma-ray emission from some mature remnants indicate that protons have been accelerated.
Simulating the Outer Nebula of SN 1987A
Authors: Fitzpatrick Ben , Morris Thomas , Podsiadlowski Philipp
Published: January 2014

As has been shown previously, the triple-ring nebula around SN 1987A can be understood as a direct consequence of the merger of two stars, some 20,000 yr before the explosion. Here we present new SPH simulations that also include the pre-merger mass loss and show that this may be able to explain other structures observed around SN 1987A, such as Napoleon's hat and various light echoes.
SN 2010as and Transitional Ib/c Supernovae
Authors: Folatelli Gastón
Published: January 2014

We present intensive photometric and spectroscopic observations of SN 2010as carried out by the Millennium Center for Supernova Studies (MCSS) and the Carnegie Supernova Project (CSP). The SN belongs to the transitional type Ibc (SN Ibc) that is characterized by the slow appearance of weak helium lines with low expansion velocities. We find a wide variety of photometric properties among otherwise spectroscopically similar SN Ibc. A hydrodynamical model is used to provide physical properties of SN 2010as in comparison with the bolometric light curve and expansion velocity.
The strange case of SN 2011ja and its host
Authors: Chakraborti Sayan , Ray Alak , Smith Randall , Ryder Stuart , Yadav Naveen , Sutaria Firoza , Dwarkadas Vikram V. , Chandra Poonam , Pooley David , Roy Rupak
Published: January 2014

SN 2001ja was observed twice in three months using the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. The X-ray flux could be due to interaction with the circumstellar medium, perhaps dominated by the reverse shock heated thermal plasma, or from inverse Compton scattering at the forward shock. In both cases, for a steady wind-like circumstellar density profile, the X-ray flux is expected to fall off as a power law or faster. But the flux from the position of SN 2011ja, increased by a factor of three between these observations. In this presentation, we investigated possible reasons, including contamination from other astrophysical sources such as a X-Ray Binary, within the Chandra's resolution, in the host galaxy using our observations, modelling and pre-explosion Chandra/XMM data.
A double plateau and unprecendented circumstellar variable sodium in the transient SN 2011A
Authors: de Jaeger T. , Anderson J. , Pignata G. , Hamuy M.
Published: January 2014

We present optical photometry and spectrosopy of the transient SN 2011A. Our data spans 140 days after discovery including BVRIu'g'r'i'z' photometry and a sequence of 11 spectra. First classified as a type IIn supernova due to the presence of narrow Hα emission, this object shows exceptional characteristics. Firstly, the light curve shows a double plateau; a property only before observed in the impostor object SN 1997bs. Secondly SN 2011A has a very low luminosity for a type IIn supernova placing it between the type IIn supernovae and impostor classes in terms of luminosity. Thirdly, SN 2011A shows low velocity and high equivalent width sodium doublet absorption which increases with time and is most likely of circumstellar origin. This evolution is also accompanied by a change of line profile. When the absorption becomes stronger, a P-Cygni profile appears.
Spectral analysis of type II supernovae
Authors: Gutiérrez Claudia P. , Anderson Joseph , Hamuy Mario , Folatelli Gastón ,   the CSP team
Published: January 2014

We present spectroscopic analysis of 63 type II supernovae. We present preliminary results on correlations between spectroscopic and photometric properties, focusing on light-curve decline rates, absolute magnitudes and Hα lines profiles. We found the ratio of absorption to emission of Hα P-Cygni profile as the dominant measured parameter as it has the highest median correlation with all other parameters.
GRB as luminosity indicator
Authors: Basak Rupal , Rao A. R.
Published: January 2014

Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) are found at much higher redshifts (z > 6) than Supernova Ia (z ~ 1), and hence, they can be used to probe very primitive universe. However, radiation mechanism of GRB remains a puzzle, unlike Supernova Ia. Through comprehensive description, both empirical and physical, we shall discuss the most likely way to use the constituent pulses of a GRB to find the radiation mechanism as well as using the pulses as luminosity indicators.
On the hadronic γ-ray emission from Tycho's Supernova Remnant
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Chen Yang , Li Hui , Zhou Xin
Published: January 2014

Tycho is one of nearly a dozen Galactic supernova remnants which are suggested to emit hadronic γ-ray emission. Among them, however, it is the only one in which the hadronic emission is proposed to arise from the interaction with low-density ambient medium. Based on the multi-band observations, we suggest that Tycho is encountering dense cloud at the northeastern boundary. The γ-ray emissions can be explained by hadronic process with self-consistent parameters, such as a modest energy conversion efficiency. In this SNR-cloud association scenario, the distance can be estimated as ~2.5 kpc.
An interpretation of the overionized plasma in supernova remnant W49B
Authors: Zhou Xin , Miceli Marco , Bocchino Fabrizio , Orlando Salvatore , Chen Yang , Ji Li , Yang Ji
Published: January 2014

W49B is a mixed-morphology supernova remnant (SNR) with the presence of enhanced abundances and overionization confirmed by X-ray observation. For the overionization, a strong radiative recombination continuum (RRC) has been detected and confirmed by SUZAKU and XMM-Newton. Here, we investigate these intriguing observational results through a multidimensional hydrodynamic model that takes into account, for the first time, the mixing of ejecta with the circumstellar and interstellar medium, thermal conduction, and non-equilibrium ionization. The model can reproduce the morphology and the overionization pattern of W49B. We found that the overionized plasma originates from the rapid cooling of the hot plasma originally heated by the shock reflected from the dense ring-like cloud. In addition, based on the most updated ATOMDB (v2.0.2), we calculated the spectrum of one cell in the overionized region from the simulation results at present. We got the overionized spectrum that is in agreement with the observational results. Thus, our primary result indicates that the model is consistent with the observations both spatially and spectrally.
GMRT Observations of SNR G15.4+0.1/HESS J1818–154
Authors: Castelletti G. , Joshi B. C. , Surnis M. P. , Supán L. , Dubner G.
Published: January 2014

We report here on the first dedicated simultaneous imaging and pulsar observations towards the supernova remnant (SNR) G15.4+0.1, the possible counterpart of the very high energy (VHE) source HESS J1818–154. The observations were carried out using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) at 610 and 1400 MHz. Preliminary analysis of data suggests absence of pulsations towards the centroid of HESS J1818–154, with upper limits of 0.6 and 0.3 mJy at 610 and 1400 MHz, respectively. Analysis of data with a larger beam is in progress, which may confirm the presence of a putative pulsar and its wind nebula if it is offset from the centroid of HESS J1818–154.
Multi-band Observation of TeV Supernova Remnants
Authors: Tian W. W. , Leahy D. A. , Su Hongquan
Published: January 2014

We study several TeV Supernova Remnants (SNRs W51C, CTB 37A, CTB 37B and G353.6-0.7) by radio and X-ray observations. We utilize neutral hydrogen (\HI) 21 cm line data to measure their kinematic distances, and use the CO line survey sensitive to molecular hydrogen clouds to validate these distance measurements and understand their relation to the TeV SNRs. Our study show that the TeV γ-ray emission from W51C should not be associated with the high-velocity HI clouds; CTB 37A and CTB 37B are at different distances and are only by chance nearby each other on the sky; the extended TeV emission from G353.6-0.7 possibly originates from the interaction between the SNR shock and the adjacent CO clouds.
Locating the TeV γ-rays from the shell regions of Cassiopeia A
Authors: Saha Lab , Ergin Tulun , Majumdar Pratik , Bozkurt Mustafa
Published: January 2014

We have analyzed Chandra X-ray data from different parts of the shell of young supernova remnant (SNR) in the energy range of 0.7 - 8 keV. We observed that X-ray flux level varies over different shell regions of the source. Implications of X-ray observation will be discussed here. We also analyzed Fermi-LAT data in the energy range 0.5 - 50 GeV for the source. The differential spectrum obtained in this way fits with simple power-law. We also present here multi-wavelength modeling of the source considering archival radio and TeV data along with Chandra and Fermi-LAT data.
IR and sub-mm fluxes of SN1987A revisited: when moderate dust masses suffice
Authors: Sarangi A. , Cherchneff I.
Published: January 2014

We model the fluxes in the infrared and submillimeter domain using the dust chemical composition and mass derived from the physico-chemical model of a Type II-P supernova ejecta with stellar progenitor of 19 M⊙. Our results highlight that the dust mass predicted to rise over time in our chemical models from 10−2 to 10−1M⊙ satisfactorily reproduce the infrared and sub millimeter fluxes. They confirm that type II-P SNe are efficient but moderate dust makers in galaxies.
Schumpeterian economic development and financial innovations: a conflicting evolution
Authors: ÜLGEN FARUK
Published: January 2014

Although in the Schumpeterian process of entrepreneurial innovations money and financial markets are assumed to affect economic development, Schumpeter does not explicitly study financial evolution and its effects on real dynamics. In order to fill this gap, this article suggests a Minsky-inspired interpretation of Schumpeterian institutional dynamics in monetary terms. It then develops a specific Schumpeterian analysis of the evolution of financial institutions and regulatory mechanisms in the wake of the 2007–08 crisis and points to major consequences of financial innovations on economic stability. It appears that unlike the creative destruction process of entrepreneurial innovations, in a liberalised/deregulated environment financial innovations move banks from their crucial role of financing long-term economic evolution and lead to reckless finance. Thus, financial market dynamics put economies on a destructive path. Such an evolution calls for active and tight rational regulation in order to shape capitalist finance towards more stable and welfare-enhancing strategies.
Ultra-compact capacitively loaded evanescent half-mode SIW filters for LTE applications
Authors: Stander Tinus , Sinha Saurabh
Published: January 2014

This paper presents a novel miniaturized substrate integrated waveguide filter by combining both half-mode resonators and capacitive loading on a conventional two-layer printed circuit board (PCB) process. The resulting synthesis is successfully demonstrated in an long-term evolution application by means of a third-order filter of <225 mm2in size while featuring 2.3 dB insertion loss over a 5.5% fractional bandwidth at 3.7 GHz. Good first-iteration agreement between simulated and measured results, both in center frequency and bandwidth, are achieved.
Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Stress Signals an Increase in Organic Anion Transporting polypeptide 1a4 (Oatp1a4) at the Blood–Brain Barrier: Relevance to CNS Drug Delivery
Authors: Thompson Brandon J , Sanchez-Covarrubias Lucy , Slosky Lauren M , Zhang Yifeng , Laracuente Mei-li , Ronaldson Patrick T
Published: January 2014

Cerebral hypoxia and subsequent reoxygenation stress (H/R) is a component of several diseases. One approach that may enable neural tissue rescue after H/R is central nervous system (CNS) delivery of drugs with brain protective effects such as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (i.e., statins). Our present in vivo data show that atorvastatin, a commonly prescribed statin, attenuates poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage in the brain after H/R, suggesting neuroprotective efficacy. However, atorvastatin use as a CNS therapeutic is limited by poor blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetration. Therefore, we examined regulation and functional expression of the known statin transporter organic anion transporting polypeptide 1a4 (Oatp1a4) at the BBB under H/R conditions. In rat brain microvessels, H/R (6% O2, 60 minutes followed by 21% O2, 10 minutes) increased Oatp1a4 expression. Brain uptake of taurocholate (i.e., Oap1a4 probe substrate) and atorvastatin were reduced by Oatp inhibitors (i.e., estrone-3-sulfate and fexofenadine), suggesting involvement of Oatp1a4 in brain drug delivery. Pharmacological inhibition of transforming growth factor- β (TGF- β)/activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) signaling with the selective inhibitor SB431542 increased Oatp1a4 functional expression, suggesting a role for TGF- β/ALK5 signaling in Oatp1a4 regulation. Taken together, our novel data show that targeting an endogenous BBB drug uptake transporter (i.e., Oatp1a4) may be a viable approach for optimizing CNS drug delivery for treatment of diseases with an H/R component.
Identifying Tinnitus‐Related Genes Based on a Side‐Effect Network Analysis
Authors: Elgoyhen AB , Langguth B , Nowak W , Schecklmann M , De Ridder D , Vanneste S
Published: January 2014

Tinnitus, phantom sound perception, is a worldwide highly prevalent disorder for which no clear underlying pathology has been established and for which no approved drug is on the market. Thus, there is an urgent need for new approaches to understand this condition. We used a network pharmacology side‐effect analysis to search for genes that are involved in tinnitus generation. We analyzed a network of 1,313 drug–target pairs, based on 275 compounds that elicit tinnitus as side effect and their targets reported in databases, and used a quantitative score to identify emergent significant targets that were more common than expected at random. Cyclooxigenase 1 and 2 were significant, which validates our approach, since salicylate is a known tinnitus generator. More importantly, we predict previously unknown tinnitus‐related targets. The present results have important implications toward understanding tinnitus pathophysiology and might pave the way toward the design of novel pharmacotherapies.

CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. (2014) 3, e97; doi:10.1038/psp.2013.75; published online 29 January 2014
Contribution of NKX2-3 Polymorphisms to Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Meta-Analysis of 35358 subjects
Authors: Lu XiaoCheng , Tang Linjun , Li Kai , Zheng JinYu , Zhao Penglai , Tao Yi , Li Li-Xin
Published: January 2014

Polymorphisms in NKX2-3 gene have been inconsistently associated with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). To generate large-scale evidence on whether NKX2-3 polymorphisms are associated with CD or UC susceptibility we have conducted a meta-analysis of 17 studies involving 17329 patients and 18029 controls. A significantly increased CD or UC risk was observed in persons carrying a G allele at rs10883365 polymorphism (A/G) compared with those with a A allele. (OR = 1.226, 95%CI: 1.177–1.277 and OR = 1.274, 95%CI: 1.175–1.382 respectively). In the subgroup analysis, a significantly increased CD risk was found in both Europeans and Asians. For rs11190140 polymorphism (C/T) and CD risk, the risk estimate for the allele contrast was OR = 1.201 (1.136–1.269). This meta-analysis provided a robust result that persons with a G or T allele may have a moderately increased risk of CD and suggested that rs10883365 polymorphism was also a candidate gene polymorphism for UC susceptibility.
Rethinking Food Anticipatory Activity in the Activity-Based Anorexia Rat Model
Authors: Wu Hemmings , van Kuyck Kris , Tambuyzer Tim , Luyten Laura , Aerts Jean-Marie , Nuttin Bart
Published: January 2014

When a rat is on a limited fixed-time food schedule with full access to a running wheel (activity-based anorexia model, ABA), its activity level will increase hours prior to the feeding period. This activity, called food-anticipatory activity (FAA), is a hypothesized parallel to the hyperactivity symptom in human anorexia nervosa. To investigate in depth the characteristics of FAA, we retrospectively analyzed the level of FAA and activities during other periods in ABA rats. To our surprise, rats with the most body weight loss have the lowest level of FAA, which contradicts the previously established link between FAA and the severity of ABA symptoms. On the contrary, our study shows that postprandial activities are more directly related to weight loss. We conclude that FAA alone may not be sufficient to reflect model severity and activities during other periods may be of potential value in studies using ABA model.
Pinning effect on the band gap modulation of crystalline BexZn1−xO alloy films grown on Al2O3(0001)
Authors: Park Dae-Sung , Mudd James J. , Walker Marc , Krupski Aleksander , Seghier Djelloul , Saniee Nessa Fereshteh , Choi Chel-Jong , Youn Chang-Ju , McMitchell Sean R. C. , McConville Chris F.
Published: January 2014

Pinning effect on crystalline BexZn1−xO alloy films on Al2O3(0001).
An enhanced hybrid membrane of ZIF-8 and zeolite T for CO2/CH4 separation
Authors: Yeo Zee Ying , Zhu Peng Wei , Mohamed Abdul Rahman , Chai Siang-Piao
Published: January 2014

Vacuum thermal seeding was performed to synthesize the ZIF-8 membrane, followed by fabrication of zeolite T on the ZIF-8 layer. The synergistic effect of both materials on the gas separation mechanism has resulted in high CO2/CH4 selectivity.
Molecular artificial photosynthesis
Authors: Berardi Serena , Drouet Samuel , Francàs Laia , Gimbert-Suriñach Carolina , Guttentag Miguel , Richmond Craig , Stoll Thibaut , Llobet Antoni
Published: January 2014

Artificial photosynthesis involves transforming water and CO2 into O2 and carbohydrates: a challenging task for bioinspired renewable energy conversion schemes.
Capacitive mixing power production from salinity gradient energy enhanced through exoelectrogen-generated ionic currents
Authors: Hatzell Marta C. , Cusick Roland D. , Logan Bruce E.
Published: January 2014

Immersion of capacitive electrodes into a multiple-chamber bioelectrochemical reactor substantially increased energy capture from synthetic river water and seawater.
Deposition of nanoparticles onto polysaccharide-coated surfaces: implications for nanoparticle–biofilm interactions
Authors: Ikuma Kaoru , Madden Andrew S. , Decho Alan W. , Lau Boris L. T.
Published: January 2014

While environmental biofilms have recently been implicated as a potential major sink for nanoparticles (NPs), the mechanisms of interactions remain largely unknown.
Comparative mode-of-action analysis following manual and automated phenotype detection inXenopus laevis
Authors: Drakakis Georgios , Hendry Adam E. , Hanson Kimberley , Brewerton Suzanne C. , Bodkin Michael J. , Evans David A. , Wheeler Grant N. , Bender Andreas
Published: January 2014

Given the increasing utilization of phenotypic screens in drug discovery also the subsequent mechanism-of-action analysis gains increased attention.
Synthesis, crystal structure, and optical characteristics of [Pd2Hg4Cl6{Te(DMB)}6]·2DMF, [HgClTe(DMB)]4, and the ring-forming cluster [Pd12(TePh)24]·2DMF
Authors: Tirloni Barbara , Lang Ernesto Schulz , de Oliveira Gelson Manzoni , Piquini Paulo , Hörner Manfredo
Published: January 2014

Exploring the use of metal organo chalcogenolates to achieve the rational growth of cluster complexes.
Effect of N-donor ancillary ligands on structural and magnetic properties of oxalate copper(ii) complexes
Authors: Świtlicka-Olszewska Anna , Machura Barbara , Mroziński Jerzy , Kalińska Bożena , Kruszynski Rafał , Penkala Mateusz
Published: January 2014

Through varying the auxiliary N-donor ligands nine new compounds have been synthesized and characterised structurally and spectroscopically. The magnetic properties of the complexes have been investigated and discussed in the context of their structures.
Controlled fabrication of porous double-walled TiO2nanotubes via ultraviolet-assisted anodization
Authors: Ali Ghafar , Kim Hyun Jin , Kim Jae Joon , Cho Sung Oh
Published: January 2014

Double-walled TiO2nanotubes with porous wall morphologies are controllably fabricated by UV-assisted anodization. Double-walled or single-walled nanotubes can be selectively prepared by switching on/off UV light.
A facile single-step synthesis of ternary multicore magneto-plasmonic nanoparticles
Authors: Benelmekki Maria , Bohra Murtaza , Kim Jeong-Hwan , Diaz Rosa E. , Vernieres Jerome , Grammatikopoulos Panagiotis , Sowwan Mukhles
Published: January 2014

Ternary hybrid nanoparticles composed of multiple dumbbell-like magneto-plasmonic FeAg cores encapsulated by a Si shell have been fabricated using a single-step co-sputter gas-condensation technique.
Biodegradable nanoassemblies of piperlongumine display enhanced anti-angiogenesis and anti-tumor activities
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Chang Ying , Yang Chao , Sang Zitai , Yang Tao , Ang Wei , Ye Weiwei , Wei Yuquan , Gong Changyang , Luo Youfu
Published: January 2014

Piperlongumine was rendered into polymeric micelles to form nanoassemblies, which significantly suppressed tumor growth and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice.
Iron-mediated intermolecular N-group transfer chemistry with olefinic substrates
Authors: Hennessy Elisabeth T. , Liu Richard Y. , Iovan Diana A. , Duncan Ryan A. , Betley Theodore A.
Published: January 2014

We present a chemoselective group transfer reaction from a high-spin ferric imido to olefinic and benzylic substrates.
Correlation of the electronic structure of an interconnection unit with the device performance of tandem organic solar cells
Authors: Shim Hyun-Sub , Chang Jung-Hung , Yoo Seung-Jun , Wu Chih-I. , Kim Jang-Joo
Published: January 2014

The electronic structure of an interconnection unit affects not only the open circuit voltage but also the fill factor in tandem organic solar cells.
A study of dye anchoring points in half-squarylium dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Connell Arthur , Holliman Peter J. , Davies Matthew L. , Gwenin Christopher D. , Weiss Sophie , Pitak Mateusz B. , Horton Peter N. , Coles Simon J. , Cooke Graeme
Published: January 2014

This paper reports the synthesis of a series of new half-squaraine dyes (Hf-SQ) based around a common chromophoric unit but with differently positioned linker groups.
Metal–organic framework templated nitrogen and sulfur co-doped porous carbons as highly efficient metal-free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions
Authors: Li Jisen , Chen Yuyun , Tang Yujia , Li Shunli , Dong Huiqing , Li Kui , Han Min , Lan Ya-Qian , Bao Jianchun , Dai Zhihui
Published: January 2014

A novel MOF-templated nitrogen and sulphur co-doped porous material has been first synthesized. The representative NS(3 : 1)–C-MOF-5 shows high ORR activity, even comparable to commercial Pt–C.
Electrodeposition of vanadium oxide–polyaniline composite nanowire electrodes for high energy density supercapacitors
Authors: Bai Ming-Hua , Liu Tian-Yu , Luan Feng , Li Yat , Liu Xiao-Xia
Published: January 2014

This work reports a flexible supercapacitor based on vanadium oxide–polyaniline composites (VP-1) with a large potential window and high energy density.
A coordination chemistry approach for shape controlled synthesis of indium oxide nanostructures and their photoelectrochemical properties
Authors: Shinde Dipak V. , Ahn Do Young , Jadhav Vijaykumar V. , Lee Deok Yeon , Shrestha Nabeen K. , Lee Joong Kee , Lee Hwa Young , Mane Rajaram S. , Han Sung-Hwan
Published: January 2014

False color scanning electron microscopic images of indium hydroxide cubes, maize corns and indium sulfate hydroxide hydrate crystals.
Iridium oxide nanoparticle induced dual catalytic/inhibition based detection of phenol and pesticide compounds
Authors: Mayorga-Martinez Carmen C. , Pino Flavio , Kurbanoglu Sevinc , Rivas Lourdes , Ozkan Sibel A. , Merkoçi Arben
Published: January 2014

We report a tyrosinase biosensor based on iridium oxide nanoparticles for induced dual catalytic/inhibition for detection of phenol and pesticides.
Polypyrrole nanoparticles as promising enzyme mimics for sensitive hydrogen peroxide detection
Authors: Tao Yu , Ju Enguo , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang
Published: January 2014

Polypyrrole nanoparticles possess intrinsic peroxidase-like activity, which can be employed to quantitatively monitor the H2O2 generated by macrophages.
Development of a novel chiral palladacycle and its application in asymmetric hydrophosphination reaction
Authors: Yap Jeanette See Leng , Li Bin Bin , Wong Jonathan , Li Yongxin , Pullarkat Sumod A. , Leung Pak-Hing
Published: January 2014

A novel chiral palladacycle promoted the asymmetric hydrophosphination reaction between diphenylphosphine and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, affording only one stereo-isomeric product.
Synthesis of the tumor associative α-aminooxy disaccharide of the TF antigen and its conjugation to a polysaccharide immune stimulant
Authors: Bourgault Jean Paul , Trabbic Kevin R. , Shi Mengchao , Andreana Peter R.
Published: January 2014

The α-aminooxy derivative of the Thomsen–Friedenriech tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen has been synthesized in 11 steps. This nucleophilic sugar was then utilized in the preparation of the TF-PS A1 conjugate vaccine candidate through oxime bond formation.
Introducing mercaptoacetic acid locking imine reaction into polymer chemistry as a green click reaction
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Yang Bin , Zhu Chongyu , Zhang Yaling , Wang Shiqi , Fu Changkui , Wei Yen , Tao Lei
Published: January 2014

Some multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are similar to click reactions to give highly selective products with reliable high yield and effective atom utilization, implying that they can also be recognized as click reactions.
Revisiting the construction of graphene–CdS nanocomposites as efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysts for selective organic transformation
Authors: Ren Zhuyun , Zhang Junyu , Xiao Fang-Xing , Xiao Guangcan
Published: January 2014

Various kinds of cadmium sulfide (CdS) microsphere decorated graphene (GR) nanocomposites (GR–CdS) were prepared by various approaches and their photocatalytic performances for selective organic transformation were systematically investigated and compared.
Bipartite matching approach to optimal resource allocation in device to device underlaying cellular network
Authors: Han Jiang , Cui Qimei , Yang Chengcheng , Tao Xiaofeng
Published: January 2014

The bipartite matching strategy is first applied in the graph theory to optimise the resource allocation in a device‐to‐device (D2D) underlaying cellular network. With each D2D group reusing the resource of one particular cellular user, the proposed scheme minimises the cross‐interference between D2D users and traditional cellular users with polynomial complexity. Simulation shows that the optimal system capacity boundary is achieved by the proposed scheme and D2D communication shows its great potential in increasing system capacity.
Tiny – optimised 3D mesh NoC for area and latency minimisation
Authors: Marcon C. , Webber T. , Fernandes R. , Cataldo R. , Grando F. , Poehls L. , Benso A.
Published: January 2014

Tiny is a scalable and efficient three‐dimensional (3D) network‐on‐chip (NoC) designed to reduce latency and area. A theoretical analysis demonstrates its efficiency when compared with a basic 3D mesh NoC. Mapping independent traffics with different injection rates makes the trade‐offs analysis of Tiny possible. Results highlight that Tiny always reduces area and for several cases minimises latency.
Cross‐correlation interference‐free tiered polyphase codes for GNSS signal design
Authors: Kim Jeong‐been , Lee Jewon , Park Daesoon , Kim Kap‐jin , Song Ki‐won , Lee Sang‐Jeong , Ahn Jae Min
Published: January 2014

A new type of tiered code for designing the ranging signal structure of global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) is proposed. The proposed tiered code structure combines a constant amplitude zero autocorrelation polyphase secondary code with its primary code, resulting in a tiered polyphase code (TPC) that avoids cross‐correlation interference between different ranging codes. The analysis and the simulation results show the performance of the proposed TPC and confirm its effectiveness as a ranging signal structure for the GNSSs.
Orthogonal curved‐line Gabor filter for fast fingerprint enhancement
Authors: Mei Yuan , Zhao Bo , Zhou Yu , Chen Songcan
Published: January 2014

Fingerprint enhancement, which aims to improve the clarity of fingerprint ridge structures, plays a very important role in automatic fingerprint recognition. Recently, a novel enhancement method called curved Gabor was proposed, which achieves a state‐of‐the‐art enhancement effect, but its high computation becomes a bottleneck. An orthogonal curved‐line Gabor filter is proposed to overcome this issue. This method decomposes the unrotated two‐dimensional (2D) Gabor into a 1D bandpass Gabor and a 1D lowpass Gabor, then implements them with two separable steps: a 1D bandpass Gabor and a 1D lowpass Gabor filtering on curved lines, respectively, perpendicular and parallel to the ridge orientation. The experiments show that the method is about 42 times faster than the curved Gabor while retaining comparable enhancement effect.
Programmable fractional‐ratio frequency multiplying clock generator
Authors: Han Sangwoo , Kim Jintae , Kim Jongsun
Published: January 2014

A new programmable delay‐locked loop (DLL) based fractional frequency multiplying clock generator is presented. In contrast to conventional DLL‐based clock generators that generate only integer clock multiplication, the proposed clock generator provides fractional‐ratio frequency multiplication while maintaining the advantages of DLLs, such as the deskewing between the input and the output clocks. Implemented in a 0.13 µm 1.2 V CMOS process, the proposed clock generator achieves an effective peak‐to‐peak jitter of 7.5 ps and occupies an active area of 0.018 mm2 while dissipating 9.0 mW at 1.5 GHz. The output frequency ranges from 0.85 to 1.5 GHz with programmable fractional multiplication ratios of N/M, where N = 4, 5, 8, 10 and M = 1, 2, 3.
Fully canonical dual‐band bandpass filter with λ/4 stepped impedance resonators
Authors: Zhang Songbai , Zhu Lei
Published: January 2014

A fourth‐order fully canonical dual‐band bandpass filter (DB‐BPF) using λ/4 stepped impedance resonators (SIRs) is presented. In the mainline path, four dual‐band λ/4 SIRs are serially coupled by alternative J and K inverters, and cross‐couplings, K14 and JSL, are analytically introduced to achieve two pairs of finite transmission zeros at both sides of each passband. To experimentally demonstrate this attractive fully canonical dual‐passband filtering performance, a fourth‐order microstrip DB‐BPF centring at 1.8 and 5.8 GHz with two pairs of finite transmission zeros for each passband is synthesised and fabricated.
Variable individual step‐size subband adaptive filtering algorithm
Authors: Seo Ji‐Hye , Park PooGyeon
Published: January 2014

A subband adaptive filtering algorithm is proposed which improves its performance by adjusting step sizes. The proposed algorithm derives the individual step sizes for each subband instead of using a common step size for multiple subbands. The derivation of the step sizes is based on the mean‐square deviation minimisation in order to achieve the fastest convergence at the instant. Furthermore, the individual step sizes contain the squared norm of the input vector, hence it leads to the regularisation effect that helps the algorithm work well in the case of badly excited input signals. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves a faster convergence rate and a smaller steady‐state estimation error than the existing algorithms.
Ultra‐wideband DRA integrated with narrow‐band slot antenna
Authors: Messaoudene I. , Denidni T.A. , Benghalia A.
Published: January 2014

A new ultra‐wideband (UWB) antenna integrated with a narrow‐band (NB) antenna has been designed and fabricated. The UWB antenna consists of a U‐shaped dielectric resonator fed by a microstrip line. In addition, the proposed structure integrates an NB slot with the same polarisation. The electromagnetic analysis is carried out by using two commercial software tools. To validate the proposed concept, experimental measurements have also been performed. The measured results show that the dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) provides a wide bandwidth from 2.94 to 11.34 GHz (covering the UWB spectrum, 3.1–10.6 GHz) while the slot antenna provides a 2:1 voltage standing wave ratio bandwidth for 5.71–6.13 GHz. Moreover, the proposed design allows an efficient integration with very good isolation between the two ports (transmission coefficient S21 <−20 dB in the whole operating frequency band).