bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate Changes and Their Impact on Agricultural Market Systems: Examples from Nepal
Authors: Barrueto Andrea , Merz Juerg , Clot Nicole , Hammer Thomas
Published: November 2017

Global climate models foresee changes in temperature and precipitation regimes that shift regional climate zones and influence the viability of agricultural market systems. Understanding the influence of climate change on the different sub-sectors and functions of a market system is crucial to increasing the systems’ climate resilience and to ensuring the long-term viability of the sectors. Our research applies a new approach to climate change analysis to better understand the influence of climate change on each step of an agricultural market system—on its core (processing units, storage facilities and sales) and support functions (sapling supply, research, insurance and agricultural policy). We use spatial climate analyses to investigate current and projected changes in climate for different regions in Nepal. We then analyse the risks and vulnerabilities of the sub-sectors banana, charcoal, coffee, macadamia, orange, vegetables and walnut. Our results show that temperatures and precipitation levels will change differently depending on the climatic regions, and that climate change elicits different responses from the market functions both between and within each of the different sub-sectors. We conclude that climate-related interventions in market systems must account for each different market function’s specific response and exposure to climate change, in order to select adaptation measures that ensure long-term climate resilience.
Current Trends in Sustainability of Bitcoins and Related Blockchain Technology
Authors: Giungato Pasquale , Rana Roberto , Tarabella Angela , Tricase Caterina
Published: November 2017

Bitcoin is a digital currency based on a peer-to-peer payment system managed by an open source software and characterized by lower transaction costs, greater security and scalability than fiat money and no need of a central bank. Despite criticisms about illegal uses and social consequences, it is attracting the interest of the scientific community. The purpose of this work is to define and evaluate the current trends of the literature concerned with the sustainability of bitcoin, considering the environmental impacts, social issues and economic aspects. From the analysis it emerges that the transition of the whole monetary system in the new cryptocurrency will result in an unacceptable amount of energy consumed to mine new bitcoins and to maintain the entire virtual monetary system, and probably bitcoin will remain a niche currency. Blockchain, which is the base for a distributed and democratically-sustained public ledger of the transactions, could foster new and challenging opportunities. Sharing the framework of medical data, energy generation and distribution in micro-grids at the citizen level, block-stack and new state-driven cryptocurrencies, may benefit from the wide spread of blockchain-based transactions. Under the perspective of its being a driver of social change, bitcoins and related blockchain technologies may overcome the issues highlighted by numerous detractors.
A Consumer Health Information System to Assist Patients Select Quality Home Health Services
Authors: Zikos Dimitrios , DeLellis Nailya
Published: November 2017

Patients evaluate the quality of home health agencies (HHAs) using the Health Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey. This paper describes a prototype community health information system to help patients select appropriate and quality HHAs, according to the location, proprietary status, type of service, and year of HHA establishment. Five HCAHPS indicators were selected: “summary rating”, “quality of care”, “professional care”, “communication”, and “recommend agency”. Independent t-test analysis showed that agencies offering Speech Pathology, Medical-Social, or Home Health Aide services, receive significantly worse HCAHPS ratings, while mean ratings vary significantly across different US states. Multiple comparisons with post hoc ANOVA revealed differences between and within HHAs of different proprietary status (p < 0.001): governmental HHAs receiving higher ratings than private HHAs. Finally, there was observed a relationship between all five quality rating variables and the HHA year of establishment (Pearson, p < 0.001). The older the agency is, the better the HCAPS summary ratings. Findings provided the knowledge to design of a consumer health information system, to provide rankings filtered according to user criteria, comparing the quality rankings of eligible HHAs. Users can also see how a specific agency is ranked against eligible HHAs. Ultimately, the system aims to support the patient community with contextually realistic comparisons in an effort to choose optimal HH service.
A Stochastic Memory Model for ADL Detection in Human Households
Authors: Clement Jana , Kabitzsch Klaus
Published: November 2017

Many Human Activity Recognition (HAR) systems are able to detect sequential executed Activity of Daily Living (ADL). However, a person is capable of doing two things in parallel or pausing one ADL and finishing it later. Thus, a HAR system must be capable of remembering and deciding which ADL is completed and which might be continued after the current ADL. We address this case by combining a stochastic Markov model and a psychological memory function to detect parallel ADL. For the evaluation, we use an input dataset and a publicly available benchmark. Our approach outperforms the leading HAR systems for the used benchmark by 5%, while using a more cost-effective installation environment. Furthermore, we address an unsupervised learning method to train the HAR system and explain the algorithm of parallel ADL detection in detail.
Investigation of Binding Modes and Functional Surface of Scorpion Toxins ANEP to Sodium Channels 1.7
Authors: Song Yongbo , Liu Zeyu , Zhang Qi , Li Chunming , Jin Wei , Liu Lili , Zhang Jianye , Zhang Jinghai
Published: November 2017

The depressant β toxin anti-neuroexcitation peptide (ANEP) from the Chinese scorpion Buthus martensii Karsch has analgesic activity by interacting with receptor site 4 of the voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs). Here, with molecular dynamics simulations, we examined the binding modes between ANEP and the site 4 of mice sodium channel 1.7 (mNav1.7), a subtype of VGSCs related to peripheral pain. Homology modeling, molecular mechanics, and molecular dynamics in the biomembrane environment were adopted. The results suggested that ANEP bound to the resting site 4 mainly by amino acid residues in the β2–β3 loop and the ‘NC’ domains, and the activate site 4 mainly by amino acid residues in the hydrophobic domain of N-groove and residues in the ‘pharmacophore’. Effects analysis of 14 mutants in the predicted functional domains of ANEP on mouse twisting models showed that the analgesic activity of mutants L15 and E24 of the ‘pharmacophore’, W36, T37, W38, and T39 forming the loop between the β2- and β3-strands and N8, V12, C60, and K64 in the NC domain increased distinctly after these residues were substituted for Ala, respectively. The binding modes and the active sites predicted were consistent with available mutagenesis data, and which is meaningful to understand the related mechanisms of ANEP for Nav1.7.
Absorbed dose estimates from a single measurement one to three days after the administration of 177Lu-DOTATATE/-TOC
Authors: Lapa Constantin , Buck Andreas , Lassmann Michael , Werner Rudolf , Hänscheid Heribert
Published: November 2017

Aim: To retrospectively analyze the accuracy of absorbed dose estimates from a single measurement of the activity concentrations in tumors and relevant organs one to three days after the administration of 177Lu-DOTA-TATE/TOC assuming tissue specific effective half-lives. Methods: Activity kinetics in 54 kidneys, 30 neuroendocrine tumor lesions, 25 livers, and 27 spleens were deduced from series of planar images in 29 patients. After adaptation of mono- or bi-exponential fit functions to the measured data, it was analyzed for each fit function how precise the time integral can be estimated from fixed tissue-specific half-lives and a single measurement at 24, 48, or 72 h after the administration. Results: For the kidneys, assuming a fixed tissue-specific half-life of 50 h, the deviations of the estimate from the actual integral were median (5 % percentile, 95 % percentile): -3 °% (-15 %>; +16 °%) for measurements after 24 h, +2 %> (-9 %>; +12 %>) for measurements after 48 h, and 0 % (-2 %; +12 %) for measurements after 72 h. The corresponding values for the other tissues, assuming fixed tissue-specific half-lives of 67 h for liver and spleen and 77 h for tumors, were +2 % (-25 %; +20 %) for measurements after 24 h, +2 °% (-16 %>; +17 %>) for measurements after 48 h, and +2 %> (-11 %>; +10 %>) for measurements after 72 h. Conclusions: Especially for the kidneys, which often represent the dose limiting organ, but also for liver, spleen, and neuroendocrine tumors, a meaningful absorbed dose estimate is possible from a single measurement after 2, more preferably 3 days after the administration of 177Lu-DOTA-TATE/-TOC assuming fixed tissue specific effective half-lives.
Télescopage des idéaux et pathologies de la symbolisation dans les institutions spécialisées
Authors: Pinel Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2017

Cet article propose une analyse des transformations actuelles affectant les systèmes d’idéaux institutionnels. Après avoir proposé une modélisation de ces système d’idéaux, il soutient la proposition selon laquelle le modèle gestionnaire incarne une nouvelle idéalité qui contribue à déstabiliser la structure des institutions soignantes. Il en découle des déformations des capacités thérapeutiques des équipes instituées qui pèsent notamment sur l’accueil et le traitement institutionnel des patients présentant de graves troubles de la symbolisation et des limites. La partie conclusive ouvre sur quelques voies élaboratives de ces bouleversements.
Tyrannie des idéaux et geste suicidaire à l’adolescence. Le cas de Suzanne, 15 ans
Authors: de Kernier Nathalie
Published: November 2017

Pour appréhender la place des idéaux à l’adolescence et tout particulièrement lorsque survient un geste suicidaire, nous nous focaliserons sur l’analyse d’un entretien accompagnant le bilan projectif d’une adolescente de 15 ans. Puis, deux extraits de bilans sont comparés d’un point de vue qualitatif, l’un juste après le geste suicidaire, l’autre un an plus tard, afin d’observer les remaniements psychiques à moyen terme et notamment l’évolution des mécanismes d’idéalisation. Une réflexion portera notamment sur la fonction psychique des fantasmes de meurtre comme tentative de déprise du moi idéal. Une démarche thérapeutique douze ans plus tard de cette patiente devenue adulte montrera l’importance de l’investissement de la situation de bilan projectif à l’adolescence et élargira notre vision des remaniements au long cours.
Le pare-excitation à l’épreuve des symptômes dermatologiques à l’adolescence : éclairage de la clinique projective
Authors: Halley Clara , Azoulay Catherine
Published: November 2017

Dans cet article nous interrogeons le passage par le corps des expressions cliniques et psychopathologiques à l’adolescence, plus particulièrement les symptômes dermatologiques, en observant la manière dont ils s’inscrivent dans le fonctionnement psychique en général et dans le traitement du pulsionnel en particulier. En appui sur les travaux de S. Freud, D. Anzieu ainsi que les travaux en psychosomatique nous mettrons l’accent sur la qualité de la fonction du pare-excitation mise à l’épreuve de la méthodologie projective (Rorschach et tat ) que nous illustrerons par deux études de cas.
La démocratie partisane à l’épreuve des primaires
Authors: Treille Éric
Published: November 2017

En offrant l’opportunité d’une participation militante plus large, les primaires ont permis de diversifier les modes d’affiliation de formations politiques en crise. Cette stratégie de renouvellement partisan n’a cependant été concédée qu’au prix d’une conversion résolument pragmatique d’appareils plus soucieux de conserver la maîtrise des règles du jeu électoral que de répondre à des enjeux de démocratisation interne.
Hallucinations négatives, rêves et hallucinations : la structure encadrante et sa représentation dans le cadre analytique
Authors: Jozef Perelberg Rosine , Hacker Anne-Lise
Published: November 2017

L’auteur examine les manifestations hallucinatoires (rêves, réalisations hallucinatoires du désir, hallucinations) pendant la cure d’une patiente non psychotique, en se référant aux idées de Green et sa conceptualisation de l’hallucination négative et de la structure encadrante. L’analyse du transfert et de contre-transfert est cruciale pour donner sens à ce processus et comprendre le lien intrinsèque entre la structure encadrante en tant que lieu de symbolisation et l’expérience analytique qui reproduit des aspects de la relation avec l’objet primaire. La structure encadrante, non perceptible en soi, donne lieu à des productions qui se manifestent dans le cadre analytique et dans l’après coup, sous forme de traces laissées par des expériences traumatiques archaïques, dont certaines parviennent à être représentées, pour la première fois dans le hic et nunc du processus analytique.
Conceptions d’André Green sur la psychosomatique. Temps forts d’un débat
Authors: Deburge Anne
Published: November 2017

Cet article souhaite retracer l’évolution de la pensée de d’André Green sur la psychosomatique pendant près de 35 ans. Il y retrouve une clinique très proche de celle des cas limites auxquelles il a consacré une grande partie de son œuvre. Progressivement, la référence à la deuxième topique et à la pulsion de mort s’impose à lui avec les notions de destructivité et de désobjectalisation. Ce qui l’amène à proposer une nouvelle approche théorique de la psychosomatique qui diffère de celle de l’École de Paris et des théorisations de Pierre Marty.
La voix et l’affect d’existence
Authors: Castarède Marie-France
Published: November 2017

La voix est une composante de l’univers psychosomatique et la cure analytique est un jeu à deux voix. Une de mes patientes, dont la cure fut supervisée pendant de longues années par André Green, présentait des troubles dramatiques de l’expression vocale qui exprimaient un syndrome de désertification psychique. André Green m’a aidée à les comprendre par son intérêt pour les affects primaires et son concept d’affect d’existence . Une amitié est née autour de la voix et de la musique.
Réflexions sur la notion de vide à partir du travail du négatif
Authors: Aloupis Panos
Published: November 2017

L’auteur s’interroge sur les liens entre les notions de vide et de négatif. Dans la première partie, il prend appui sur deux conférences publiées de Green sur Winnicott et Bion en rapport avec le travail du négatif ; dans la deuxième partie ce rapport sera abordé à l’aide d’une vignette clinique et d’un article de Green au sujet de la clinique psychosomatique.
Pour le temps d’une amitié
Authors: Potamianou Anna
Published: November 2017

En hommage à A. Green l’auteur évoque la grande diversité des problèmes qui l’ont préoccupé et les idées fécondes avec lesquelles il a répondu aux questions qui l’inquiétaient. Reliées à la théorie et à la technique psychanalytique, à la psychosomatique, au rendement des institutions, à l’art et à la culture, ces questions touchent particulièrement les difficultés qui nous tiennent dans nos relations avec les autres et avec nous-mêmes.
L’accompagnement global par les sages-femmes
Authors: Thomas Catherine
Published: November 2017

L’institutionnalisation et le développement des technologies biomédicales concernant la prise en charge de la grossesse et de l’accouchement imposent aux femmes et aux professionnels de santé qui les accompagnent un grand nombre de « recommandations » basées sur un principe de prévention du risque. Les sages-femmes qui pratiquent l’accompagnement global se positionnent à contre-courant de cette standardisation de l’encadrement de la périnatalité. Leur regard critique sur le système hospitalier et les effets iatrogènes de la médicalisation les amène à répondre à la demande de femmes en recherche d’une réappropriation des conditions de la naissance. Ainsi elles participent plus largement à une dynamique de démocratisation sanitaire visant à mettre leur expérience et celle des parturientes au cœur d’une réflexion sur l’efficacité des techniques de prévention et de gestion des risques.
Islamic Law in 17th Century Aceh
Authors: Chambert-Loir Henri
Published: November 2017

In 1999 Aceh province (renamed Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam), in the north of Sumatra, was granted the exceptional authorization to apply sharia on its territory. The process, however, is slow, difficult and conflictive. In such a context the highlighting of compendiums of Islamic law (fiqh) written in Malay at the time of the sultanate tends to confirm the idea, much widespread for a long time, that sharia has always been implemented in Aceh. It happens that a local publisher has released in 2015 two ancient texts: the Mir’at al-Tullab by Abdurrauf al-Singkili (1672) and the Safinat al-Hukkam by Jalaluddin al-Tarusani (1740). The article examines to what extent historical sources—especially about the law in force and more generally the observance of Islam in Aceh in the 17th century—allow us to evaluate in what conditions and for what purpose those two texts were written.
The ERP Challenge
Authors: Schwade Florian , Schubert Petra
Published: November 2017

This article investigates the teaching of practical ERP skills. The discussion is centered on an innovative teaching concept called “The ERP Challenge”, which was developed to give students a hands-on experience with a commercial standard ERP system (Microsoft Dynamics NAV). The ERP Challenge consists of a business simulation game based on a real-world company case, an e-learning platform and the actual ERP system. The software platform for the ERP Challenge combines these elements in a seamlessly integrated way. Described further is the development of the software platform, the evaluation process for its refinement and the possibility to provide the solution as a hosted service. The findings from two supporting empirical surveys are presented; these show that the ERP Challenge is perceived as a successful means of providing ERP skills by the students and that the feasibility of a hosted service needs to be carefully examined.
Information Retrieval System
Authors: Kumar Ram , Sharma S. C.
Published: November 2017

Information Retrieval Systems (IRS) have dramatically changed the ways how people acquire information for their need. Information Retrieval (IR) enables user to find relevant document from collection of countless resources. This article presents an overview of IRS. Objectives of this article is to answer all the basic and specific questions related to IRS. In contrast to other review papers, the authors provide a complete understanding of IR in single paper. Starting from definition and importance it covers retrieval process, performance issues, and comparison among various approaches. This article also includes description of different models along with analysis of their merits and demerits. This article proposes a list of challenges, still unanswered by existing systems. Before offering a conclusion, the major applications of IR are also listed.
A Service Recommendation Algorithm Based on Modeling of Dynamic and Diverse Demands
Authors: Zhang Yanmei , Lei Tingpei , Qin Zhiguang
Published: November 2017

This article contends that current service recommendation algorithms are still unable to meet the dynamic and diverse demands of users, so a service recommendation algorithm considering dynamic and diverse demands is proposed. The latent Dirichlet allocation model of machine learning field is adopted to extract the user implicit demand factors, and then the bipartite graph modeling and random-walk algorithm are used to extend implicit demand factors to predict short-term changes and diversity of user demand. At last, the service recommendation list is generated based on these demand factors. Experimental results on a real-world data set regarding service composition show that the proposed algorithm can represent dynamic and diverse user demands, and the performance of the proposed algorithm is better than that of the other algorithms in terms of accuracy, novelty, and diversity.
Nitrogen-Modified Graphdiyne as a Promising Membrane for Helium Separation: First-Principles and Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Xu Jing , Li Jing , Liu Hai Jun , Zhao Lian Ming
Published: November 2017

The He separation performance of the N-modified graphdiyne monolayer (N-GDY) was studied by using both the first-principles density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The high cohesive energy of 7.24 eV/atom confirmed the strong stability of N-GDY for a gas separation membrane. Based on the calculations, the N-GDY membrane was found to exhibit extremely high He permeance (4.8 ×10-3 mol/m2·s·Pa at 100 K) and selectivities of He/H2O, He/Ar, He/N2, He/CO, He/CO2, and He/CH4 (102~1012 at 300 K). Therefore, N-GDY should be a good candidate for He separation from natural gas.
Semi-Solid Metal Forming - A Process for Manufacturing Composite and Hybrid Materials
Authors: Schomer Laura , Seyboldt Christoph , Liewald Mathias
Published: November 2017

The following paper deals with the manufacturing of composite and hybrid materials by using semi-solid forming technologies. On the one hand, there is presented a process for producing Interpenetrating Phase Composites (IPC) consisting of ceramic open-cell structures which are infiltrated by a semi-solid aluminium alloy. On the other hand, a new process for manufacturing hybrid metallic materials is described. Thereby, semi-finished materials made of two different aluminium alloys are simultaneously heated using an induction system and subsequently formed in the semi-solid state. The paper shows numerical investigations as well as experimental results for both processes.
Corrigendum: Assessing cultural intelligence, personality and identity amongst young white Afrikaans-speaking students: A preliminary study
Authors: Nel Natasha , Nel J. Alewyn , Adams Byron G. , De Beer Leon T.
Published: November 2017

No abstract available.
Breast Involvement by Hematologic Malignancies: Ultrasound and Elastography Findings with Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Aslan Hulya , Pourbagher Aysin
Published: November 2017

Objective:

Hematological malignancies very rarely involve the breast. The aim of this study is to retrospectively evaluate B-mode ultrasound (US) and elastography (ES) findings of breast involvement by hematologic malignancies with clinical outcomes.

Materials and Methods:

All core-needle biopsy results that were performed at our tertiary breast center from January 2013 to September 2016 were searched. Our search revealed 9 patients with breast involvement either by leukemia or lymphoma. All patients were examined using B-mode US and ES. US and ES findings were analyzed with the consensus of two radiologists, and clinical outcomes were noted.

Results:

The mean age of the study population was 41.6 years (range, 20–83 years). Two patients showed diffuse hypoechoic parenchymal infiltration. The elasticity assessments of these lesions were soft and intermediate. The remaining 7 patients had mass lesions. The elasticity assessment of these masses according to Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System US was as follows: Soft (n = 1), intermediate (n = 4), high (n = 2).

Conclusions:

It is important to consider that hematologic malignancies may appear as soft or intermediate lesions on ES. Patients’ history and clinical background should help us to consider breast involvement. In addition, the clinical outcomes may not be related with elasticity assessments.
Энтропийные числа операторов вложения функциональных пространств на множествах с древоподобной структурой
Authors: Vasil'eva Anastasia Andreevna
Published: November 2017

В работе получены порядковые оценки энтропийных чисел операторов вложения весовых пространств Соболева на области, удовлетворяющей условию Джона, а также двухвесовых операторов суммирования на деревьях. Для этого доказывается общий результат об оценке сверху энтропийных чисел операторов вложения функциональных классов на множествах с древоподобной структурой.
Библиография: 52 названия.
Свойства первого порядка ограниченной кванторной глубины сильно разреженных случайных графов
Authors: Zhukovskii Maksim Evgen'evich , Ostrovskii Lev Borisovich
Published: November 2017

Говорят, что случайный граф подчиняется $k$-закону нуля или единицы, если для любого свойства, выражаемого формулой первого порядка с кванторной глубиной не более $k$, вероятность выполнения этого свойства стремится либо к $0$, либо к $1$. Известно, что случайный граф $G(n,n^{-\alpha})$ подчиняется $k$-закону нуля или единицы для любого $k\in\mathbb{N}$ и любого положительного иррационального $\alpha$, а также для любого рационального $\alpha>1$, отличного от $1+1/l$ (для любого натурального числа $l$). Известно также, что для всех остальных рациональных положительных $\alpha$ при достаточно больших $k$ случайный граф не подчиняется $k$-закону. В настоящей работе при $\alpha=1+1/l$ получены нижняя и верхняя оценка на наибольшее $k$, при котором выполнен $k$-закон нуля или единицы.
Библиография: 20 наименований.
Persoonsdeixis in het zuidelijk Bargoens van de negentiende en de twintigste eeuw
Authors: Van Hauwermeiren Paul
Published: November 2017

Person deixis in southern Dutch Cant of the nineteenth and twentieth century

The dialects of Dutch Cant (Bargoens) spoken in the Low Countries south of the great rivers used a specific person deixis. The speaker and the addressee were not referred to by means of pronouns, as in standard Dutch, but by means of lexicalized nominal markers. Nominal person deixis, however, is less suitable for differentiation than pronominal deixis and so tends to make reference to the addressee less precise – which contributes to the deliberate incomprehensibility that a secret group language such as Dutch Cant seeks after.

This article presents a linguistic description of person deixis as found in the dialects of younger southern Dutch Cant. Most of these dialects no longer being spoken, we can describe them only on the basis of sources which have preserved them. For at least twenty dialects such written sources are available. However, apart from a few exceptions these sources are mere lists of Cant words in which examples of specific person deixis are few and far between. To establish the system of person deixis in a given Cant dialect, we need texts written in that dialect, dialogues with sentences and references to speaker and addressee. There are no texts with an adequate number of occurrences of person deixis that might make an exhaustive description of the whole domain possible, since the domain of person deixis also covers possessive and reflexive constructions as well as non-specific person deixis. The only dialects for which longer texts in younger southern Dutch Cant are available are those of Zele in the province of East-Flanders (Belgium) and the Groenstraat in Landgraaf in the southern province of Limburg (the Netherlands).

The article describes the differences between person deixis in Standard Dutch and in the dialects of younger southern Cant. To this end the available source material is used. On the basis of some fifty lists of Cant words it is shown which person markers are used in which dialects. Person deixis in the Cant of Zele and of the Groenstraat in Landgraaf is described as exhaustively as possible by the sole means of sentences from the texts available for these two places.
Possessor truncation in kinship terms in Dutch dialects
Authors: Postma Gertjan
Published: November 2017

Possessor truncation in kinship terms in Dutch dialects

In this study we report a hardly noticed, poorly studied, and non-understood property of kinship terms in many Dutch dialects: a distinct, more impoverished possessor inflection in kinship terms, which was coined “possessor truncation” in Goeman et al. (2008). After reporting dialect-geographical, diachronic, and morphological properties of possessor truncation, we give a morphosyntactic account inspired on determiner drop in kinship terms in Italian. Possessor truncation in Dutch and determiner drop in Italian can be unified under the assumption that kinship terms generate their referential role within in the sub-lexical domain, while ordinary nouns merge these argumental properties in the supra-lexical domain.
Verbreiding en oorzaak van h-procope en h-prothese in het Middelnederlands
Authors: Rem Margit , van der Sijs Nicoline , van Os Marjolein
Published: November 2017

The diffusion and cause of procope and prothesis of h in Middle Dutch

In this article we examine the geographical distribution of procope and prothesis of h in Dutch charters from the 13th and 14th centuries, and the frequency with which these phenomena occur, while trying to find patterns in the data. We then venture an explanation of why these phenomena originate in the Flemish dialects. Our hypothesis is that procope of h was induced by language contact between Dutch (Flemish) and French, due to the many bilinguals in Flanders. The contact situation triggered an already existing internal tendency by which h was lost or weakened before sonorants and glides to also affect prevocalic h.
MAX-DOAS NO2 observations over Guangzhou, China; ground-based and satellite comparisons
Authors: Drosoglou Theano , Koukouli Maria Elissavet , Kouremeti Natalia , Bais Alkiviadis F. , Zyrichidou Irene , Balis Dimitris , van der A Ronald J. , Xu Jin , Li Ang
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In this study, the tropospheric NO2 vertical column density (VCD) over an urban site in Guangzhou megacity in China is investigated, by means of MAX-DOAS measurements during a campaign from late March 2015 to mid-March 2016. A MAX-DOAS system was deployed at the Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and operated there for about one year, during the spring and summer months. The tropospheric NO2 VCDs retrieved by the MAX-DOAS are presented and compared with space-borne observations from GOME-2/MetOp-A, GOME-2/MetOp-B and OMI/Aura satellite sensors. The comparisons reveal good agreement between satellite and MAX-DOAS observations over Guangzhou, with correlation coefficients ranging between 0.76 for GOME-2B and 0.99 for GOME-2A. However, the tropospheric NO2 loadings are underestimated by the satellite sensors on average by 25.1 %, 10.3 % and 5.7 %, respectively for OMI, GOME-2A and GOME-2B. Our results indicate that GOME-2B retrievals are closer to those of the MAX-DOAS instrument due to the lower tropospheric NO2 concentrations during the days with valid GOME-2B observations. In addition, the effect of the main coincidence criteria is investigated, namely the cloud fraction (CF), the distance (d) between the satellite pixel center and the ground-based measurement site, as well as the time period within which the MAX-DOAS data are averaged around the satellite overpass time. The effect of CF and time window criteria is more profound on the selection of OMI overpass data, probably due to its smaller pixel size. The available data pairs are reduced to half and about one third for CF ≤ 0.3 and CF ≤ 0.2, respectively, while, compared to larger CF thresholds, the correlation coefficient is improved to 0.99 from about 0.6, the slope value is almost doubled (~ 0.8) and the mean satellite underestimation is reduced to about half (from ~ 7 to ~ 3.5 × 1015 molecules/cm2). On the other hand, the distance criterion affects mostly GOME-2B data selection, because GOME-2B pixels are quite evenly distributed among the different radii used in the sensitivity test. More specifically, the number of collocations is notably reduced when stricter radius limits are applied, the r value is improved from 0.76 (d ≤ 50 km) to 0.93 (d ≤ 20 km), and the absolute mean bias decreases about 6 times for d ≤ 30 km compared to the reference case (d ≤ 50 km).
SedFoam-2.0: a 3-D two-phase flow numerical model for sediment transport
Authors: Chauchat Julien , Cheng Zhen , Nagel Tim , Bonamy Cyrille , Hsu Tian-Jian
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In this paper, a three-dimensional two-phase flow solver, SedFoam-2.0, is presented for sediment transport applications. The solver is extended from twoPhaseEulerFoam available in the 2.1.0 release of the open-source CFD (computational fluid dynamics) toolbox OpenFOAM. In this approach the sediment phase is modeled as a continuum, and constitutive laws have to be prescribed for the sediment stresses. In the proposed solver, two different intergranular stress models are implemented: the kinetic theory of granular flows and the dense granular flow rheology μ(I). For the fluid stress, laminar or turbulent flow regimes can be simulated and three different turbulence models are available for sediment transport: a simple mixing length model (one-dimensional configuration only), a k − ε, and a k − ω model. The numerical implementation is demonstrated on four test cases: sedimentation of suspended particles, laminar bed load, sheet flow, and scour at an apron. These test cases illustrate the capabilities of SedFoam-2.0 to deal with complex turbulent sediment transport problems with different combinations of intergranular stress and turbulence models.
The Iceland Deep Drilling Project 4.5 km deep well, IDDP-2, in the seawater-recharged Reykjanes geothermal field in SW Iceland has successfully reached its supercritical target
Authors: Friðleifsson Guðmundur Ó. , Elders Wilfred A. , Zierenberg Robert A. , Stefánsson Ari , Fowler Andrew P. G. , Weisenberger Tobias B. , Harðarson Björn S. , Mesfin Kiflom G.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The Iceland Deep Drilling Project research well RN-15/IDDP-2 at Reykjanes, Iceland, reached its target of supercritical conditions at a depth of 4.5 km in January 2017. After only 6 days of heating, the measured bottom hole temperature was 426 °C, and the fluid pressure was 34 MPa. The southern tip of the Reykjanes peninsula is the landward extension of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in Iceland. Reykjanes is unique among Icelandic geothermal systems in that it is recharged by seawater, which has a critical point of 406 °C at 29.8 MPa. The geologic setting and fluid characteristics at Reykjanes provide a geochemical analog that allows us to investigate the roots of a mid-ocean ridge submarine black smoker hydrothermal system. Drilling began with deepening an existing 2.5 km deep vertical production well (RN-15) to 3 km depth, followed by inclined drilling directed towards the main upflow zone of the system, for a total slant depth of 4659 m ( ∼  4.5 km vertical depth). Total circulation losses of drilling fluid were encountered below 2.5 km, which could not be cured using lost circulation blocking materials or multiple cement jobs. Accordingly, drilling continued to the total depth without return of drill cuttings. Thirteen spot coring attempts were made below 3 km depth. Rocks in the cores are basalts and dolerites with alteration ranging from upper greenschist facies to amphibolite facies, suggesting that formation temperatures at depth exceed 450 °C. High-permeability circulation-fluid loss zones (feed points or feed zones) were detected at multiple depth levels below 3 km depth to bottom. The largest circulation losses (most permeable zones) occurred between the bottom of the casing and 3.4 km depth. Permeable zones encountered below 3.4 km accepted less than 5 % of the injected water. Currently, the project is attempting soft stimulation to increase deep permeability. While it is too early to speculate on the energy potential of this well and its economics, the IDDP-2 is a milestone in the development of geothermal resources and the study of hydrothermal systems. It is the first well that successfully encountered supercritical hydrothermal conditions, with potential high-power output, and in which on-going hydrothermal metamorphism at amphibolite facies conditions can be observed. The next step will be to carry out flow testing and fluid sampling to determine the chemical and thermodynamic properties of the formation fluids.
Making the Case for Canada to Join the Tobacco Plain Packaging Revolution
Authors: Freeman Becky
Published: November 2017

This article makes the case for introducing plain packaging reforms in Canada. Australia successfully introduced these measure in 2012, and other nations have adopted similar laws, in light of compelling evidence that plain packaging lessens the appeal of tobacco products, increases the effectiveness of health warnings and curbs the use of packaging to mislead consumers about the harmful effects of tobacco use. Tobacco industry arguments that plain packaging does not work, increases illicit trade, presents a slippery slope to over regulating other products, and hurts small business are unfounded. The proposed Canadian reforms open the door to improving on plain packaging legislation by increasing the restrictions on: acceptable brand names, the internal pack design and the appearance of the cigarette itself.
The Tobacco Industry’s Challenge to the United Kingdom’s Standardised Packaging Legislation – Global Lessons for Tobacco Control Policy?
Authors: Griffiths Jonathan
Published: November 2017

In 2015, legislation imposing a standardised packaging regime for tobacco products was passed by the United Kingdom Parliament. The Standardised Packaging of Tobacco Products Regulations 2015 (UK) came into effect fully from 21 May 2017 and were contested vigorously by the tobacco industry, both through the legislative consultation process and in the courts. This article focuses on the claim for judicial review brought by the industry against the Regulations, R on the Application of British American Tobacco Limited v The Secretary of State for Health. In that case, the introduction of standardised packaging was challenged on a number of grounds, including proportionality, compatibility with the right of property and with international and European Union rules on the protection of intellectual property. All these arguments were rejected in forceful terms by Green J in the High Court, and again on appeal, by the Court of Appeal. This article sets out the industry’s claims in detail and explores the grounds on which the legislation was upheld. It also outlines the European Union legal context within which the legislation operates, including the important judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Philip Morris Brands SARL and Others v Secretary of State for Health (C-547/14). It is suggested here that the reasoning in these judgments may prove instructive well beyond the borders of the United Kingdom.
Artemídia envolvente: a cianotipia em suas implicações técnicas e funções poéticas
Authors: Zani Ricardo , Cypriano Pelópidas
Published: November 2017

Este artigo concebe a práxis em artes visuais numa realidade tangencial à elaboração da imagem fotográfica, vislumbrando o signo fotográfico como construtor de conhecimentos e inter-relacionamentos com outros meios e manifestações plásticas, inserindo-o no conceito da fotoescultura. Representa a união da cianotipia, da fotoescultura e da pintura em busca de expressões e poéticas visuais. A cianotipia, que possibilita a fabricação artesanal da emulsão fotográfica, aliada aos processos artemidiáticos, ampliam a aplicação em suportes diferenciados e o jogo de recortes e interferências nesses suportes. As funções poéticas se complementam na envoltória do corpo como um fetiche e um objeto de desejo.
Research Gaps in Organizational Conflicts: Future Research Perspectives
Authors: Weerarathna Ranitha Sachinthana
Published: November 2017

The main objective of this research study was to identify the research gaps in organizational conflicts. Researcher has utilized desk research study to identify three research gaps in organizational conflicts. First research gap can be labeled as there is less empirical evidence on the relationship between organizational conflicts in Sri Lankan and Asian context. Second research gap in this article is known as more studies to analyze the links between organizational conflicts and other affective variables. Third research gap is requirement for more longitudinal studies on organizational conflicts. These research gaps can be utilized by future researchers to conduct their studies on organizational conflicts.
What Are Good Leaders Made Of? Finnish School Children’s Descriptions of Leadership
Authors: Hyvärinen Sanna , Uusiautti Satu , Määttä Kaarina
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this research was to analyze Finnish students’ descriptions of good leaders and leadership. The study had two research questions: (1) What kinds of characteristics does a good leader have according to Finnish students’ perceptions and (2) how do the students describe the emphases of leadership activities? This was a qualitative study that applied the narrative research approach. The data consisted of essays written by 38 sixth-graders from one Finnish school. The data collection method used empathy-based frame stories to prompt essays. The main characteristics of a good leader were friendliness, diligence and enthusiasm, and deliberation and determination. Three emphases in leadership activities could be found in the essays: decision-making and responsibility for results, caring, and enjoyment of the leader’s work. The study contributes new viewpoints to the authentic leadership theory and less studied perspectives in the field of leadership studies in general.
Enhancing collaborative practice-based research in an academic health science center
Authors: Jeffs Lianne , Bulmer Beverly , Maione Maria , Straus Sharon , Ferris Ella
Published: November 2017

Although there is a body of literature around discipline specific capacity building research, less is known empirically around collaborative practice-based research that involves different healthcare disciplines participating in research together in an interprofessional manner in Academic Health Science Centers (AHSCs). This paper provides an overview of results from the mixed methods study and the subsequent strategies one teaching hospital has implemented to enhance collaborative practice-based research. A mixed methods design with a cross-sectional survey design and focus groups/interviews with clinicians and administrators was used. Study participants reported the value of, their role, experience, and use of research in daily practice and recommendations to enhance collaborative practice-based research. Study findings elucidated the current state and strategies to enhance collaborative practice-based research at an AHSC. Engaging clinicians in collaborative practice-based research provides a strategic advantage and return on investment to achieve the tripartite mission.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Applied Physics Research, Vol. 9, No. 6
Authors: Chen William
Published: November 2017

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Applied Physics Research, Vol. 9, No. 6, 2017
Household Waste Generating Factors and Composition Study for Effective Management in Gorkha Municipality of Nepal
Authors: Maskey Bijan , Singh Mrinila
Published: November 2017

Municipal solid waste is a growing concern in cities of developing countries and households are the main contributor. Lack of reliable data sources remain one of the major drawbacks for deciding on effective waste management option. The study area Gorkha municipality is selected because it is one of the highly under-researched and least resource intensive municipalities in Nepal. However, continued growth in municipal waste if left unattended will only intensify the problem and thus demands proactive action. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze waste composition and to evaluate the socioeconomic factors impacting household waste generation for effective management. Using stratified sampling method, 401 households were selected from all 15 municipal wards. Socioeconomic factors impacting household waste generation were assessed using Ordinary Least Square regression model. The rate of household waste generation in Gorkha municipality is found to be 0.24 kg/capita/day and estimated total household waste generation of 9.4 tonnes/day. Household size and income are found to have positive impact on waste generation, both statistically significant at 1% and thus can be important indicators to forecast solid waste generation trend. Household waste composition was 47.25% organic waste, 37.52% recyclable waste that comprised of 10.38% paper and paper products, 9.88% glass, 6.92% metal, 5.39% plastic, 3.57% textile and 1.38% rubber and leather, and rest 15.23% other waste. Organic waste has the highest share and if not managed properly, creates serious health and environmental hazards. It could be managed efficiently by composting at household and local government level.
The Development of a Concrete Block Containing PET Plastic Bottle Flakes
Authors: Waroonkun Tanut , Puangpinyo Tanapong , Tongtuam Yuttana
Published: November 2017

Plastic waste is increasing continuously, especially in the form of throw away packaging such as drinking water bottles, designed to be convenient, inexpensive, and accessible. Plastic disposal, however, is difficult and has a lower recyclability rate than other types of materials such as glass and paper. This study presents a method of reducing the amount of plastic waste by recycling plastic containers in architectural work. Non-load-bearing concrete blocks for safe and efficient use can be manufactured using plastic flakes as an alternative material aggregate. This study developed such block sand tested them for compressive strength integrating four major factors:(1) the cement to aggregate ratio, (2) the water to cement ratio, (3) the size of plastic flakes used and (4) the proportion of plastic flake that replaced sand. The findings revealed that using a ratio of 1:3 cement to aggregate, where the aggregate mix comprised of 20% small and medium sized (combined at 1:1) plastic flakes plus 80% sand and a water to cement ratio of 0.5, provided the optimal compressive strength to form a concrete block that can be used to construct a non-load bearing wall.