bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aspectos éticos del docente en la enseñanza del derecho
Authors: Trujillo Florián Edwin Sergio , Barón Colmenares Miryam Edith
Published: October 2020

El proceso de reflexión permite establecer la pregunta ¿cuáles son los componentes éticos que pueden guiar y complementar la función del docente en derecho? La enseñanza del derecho consiste en impartir conceptos teóricos de la dogmática, sus escuelas y su evolución, sin embargo, el proceso queda incompleto porque no existe un vínculo entre el derecho, la ética y la política conforme a lo planteado por Kennedy (2007) y un enfoque de las capacidades conforme a los presupuestos de Sen (1996). El presente artículo tiene como objetivo describir aspectos de justicia social en la enseñanza del derecho y el enfoque de las capacidades, además busca hacer una reflexión de la labor del docente de derecho y su ética. Se proponen algunas líneas de pensamiento filosófico y bioético mediante la investigación documental interpretativa; el proceso reflexivo se establece por medio de la información obtenida y analizada en textos y artículos de revistas indexadas a partir del análisis crítico del discurso. Destaca como conclusión principal la importancia de constituir unos criterios que permitan complementar la labor de la enseñanza tradicional del derecho como la ética de la justicia social para los menos favorecidos, la ayuda humanitaria, el vínculo emocional docente-estudiante y los nuevos derechos.
Comparison the Effect of Niacin Treatment with and without Atorvastatin on Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Afkhami-Ardekani Mohammad , Emami-Meibodi Mahmoo , Mostafae Naimeh , Afkhami-Ardekani Arezoo , Najafi Boshra
Published: October 2020

Objective: The risk of cardiovascular disease increased in diabetic patients due to lipoprotein metabolism disorder and insulin resistance. There is different type of dyslipidemia in diabetic patient. The nicotinic acid (niacin) is categorized as vitamin B family and decreases low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and triglyceride (TG) level and increases high-density lipoproteins (HDL). The aim of this study was to compare the effect of niacin treatment with and without atorvastatin on lipid profile on diabetic patient.
Materials and Methods: This study is cross over clinical trial on 30 diabetic patients (9 men, 21women) referred to diabetes research center of Yazd (IRAN). At initiation of study administered atorvastatin alone (20 mg/day) for 6 weeks (protocol A), and after 3 weeks washout period, started atorvastatin (20 mg/day) with niacin (50 mg/day) for 6 weeks (protocol B). Statistical analysis was accomplished by using SPSS for windows, version 11.50 and kappa and paired T-test.
Results: Patients on protocol B had statistically significant more increase of HDL-C (P-value= 0.08) and decrease of TG than profile A (P-value= 0.024). Also, 2 hours post prandial blood sugar and HbA1c changes in two groups were not significant A (P-value= 0.226), B (P-value= 0.918). Patient in group B had statistically significant decrease in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure than group A (P-value= 0.010, P-value= 0.015).
Conclusion: This study showed decrease of TG, LDL-C and total cholesterol and increase of HDL in both groups. There are significant changes in HDL-C and TG in group B that used niacin with atorvastatin than group A.
Association Between 3'APOB-VNTR Polymorphism and Plasma Lipid Profiles in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Authors: Mehrzad Jamshid , Kargozar Elahe , Erfanian-Khorasani Mohammadreza , Mohammaditabar Mahdieh
Published: October 2020

Objective: Apolipoprotein B (APOB) plays an important role in the metabolism of cholesterol and impairment in its function can lead to cholesterol accumulation in the pancreatic islets. It can then reduce insulin secretion and lead to Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of 3chr('39')APOB-VNTR polymorphism with plasma lipid profiles in T2DM individuals in Khorasan Razavi province, Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 204 patients with T2DM and 207 non-diabetic volunteers were examined as a control group. All samples were analyzed for plasma lipid profiles. Genotypes were determined by PCR and electrophoresis. Differences in lipid variables between genotypes were assessed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with SPSS 20.0.
Results: We found 18 different alleles of the APOB gene 3chr('39')VNTR comprising from 26 to 45 hypervariable elements (HVEs) in the control groups and 21 alleles ranging from 30 to 51 repeats in the T2DM patients. Short alleles (26 to 29 HVEs) were only in controls and large alleles (46 to 51 HVEs) were only in T2DM patients. Our results showed that in people with long HVE polymorphism, HDL-C levels decreased, but LDL-C increased. Therefore, longer alleles for T2DM are considered risk factors. It was also observed that the TC / HDL-C ratio was significantly lower in shorter genotypes than the longer genotypes in T2DM patients.
Conclusion: It is concluded that 3chr('39')APOB-VNTR polymorphisms, especially longer alleles, affect plasma lipid levels in individuals with T2DM and are risk factors for this disease.
The Effect of Aerobic Training and Ginger Extract on Lipid Profiles, Body Composition and Liver Enzymes in Obese Menopausal Women
Authors: Farhadi Mostafa , Homaee Hasan , Farzanegi Arkhazlou Parvin
Published: October 2020

Objective: The beneficial effects of exercise and ginger extract have been reported to improve obesity-related indicators. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aerobic training and ginger extract on lipid profiles, body composition and selected liver enzymes in obese menopausal women.
Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental trial, 48 obese menopause women (age; 53-58 yr) were randomly divided into 4 groups including control, ginger extract, aerobic training and aerobic training -ginger extract. Aerobic training was performed 3 sessions a week, 60 minutes, with 50-70% maximum heart rate and for 24 weeks. The subjects consumed ginger extract three times a day in 500 mg capsule for 24 weeks. For analyzing the data, twoway ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test was used with SPSS–23 and the significance level was P-value≤ 0.05.
Results: The results showed that 12 and 24 weeks of training, ginger and ginger - training significantly decreased ALT and AST in obese menopausal women (P-value= 0.001). Also, 12- and 24- weeks’ ginger- training resulted to improve of body composition and lipid profile in obese menopausal women (P-value= 0.001).
Conclusion: According to the findings, regular aerobic training and ginger supplementation have a beneficial effect on body composition and improvement of some liver enzymes and lipid profiles in obese menopausal women. These changes were higher in the Ginger-training group after six months of intervention.
The Prevalence of Childhood Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity based on Four Different Criteria
Authors: Amiri Mojgan , Ahmadi Nastaran , Mohammadi Mohammad Reza , Mostafavi Seyed Ali , Zahedifard Mahla , Araghi Seyed Mohsen , Moghtaderi Fatemeh , Salehi-Abargouei Amin
Published: October 2020

Background: Childhood/adolescence under- and over-nutrition are among the major public concerns worldwide. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity among children living in Yazd, Iran using different criteria.
Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among children and adolescents aged 6-18 years. Body weight, height, waist, and hip circumference were measured. Furthermore, the body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio were calculated. Afterwards, BMI was classified according to four criteria including the US center for disease control and prevention (CDC), world health organization (WHO), the international obesity task force (IOTF), and Iranian national cut-points.
Results: The mean age of the included children was 11.32 ± 3.89 years. Overall, the highest rate of underweight was estimated by IOTF %16.9 and the lowest rate was estimated by the national criteria %1.2. Furthermore, the highest and the lowest rates for overweight were obtained by CDC2000 %19.0 and WHO criteria %12.2, respectively. The highest and lowest rates for obesity were obtained by the national %22.3 and the CDC2000 criteria %11.3, respectively. The selected criteria were significantly different in estimating underweight, overweight, and obesity (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: All the mentioned criteria showed high rate of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Yazd. Furthermore, the highest rate of obesity was detected by national criteria. The national distribution of BMI in Iranian children is skewed to overweight and obesity.
Various Traditional Dairy Products in Africa and Algeria
Authors: Mourad Guetouache , Bettache Guessas
Published: October 2020

The aim of this study was to define various traditional dairy products most widely consumed in Africa and Algeria. In this study, we provided examples of these products along with their production and fermentation procedures. Fermented foods are the primary source of nutrition for rural and urban communities. In Algeria, cheese is still made in the traditional way at the family level. The Jben and Klila are the most popular traditional varieties and their manufacturing method is still in use to the present day. In conclusion, we sought to learn more about the traditional dairy products, tried to produce them industrially, and thus preserved this important indigenous wealth.
Predictors of Blood Pressure in Iranian Women- A Narrative Review
Authors: Etaat Maryam , Tabatabaye Zohre , Motamed Jahromi Samaneh , Yosefi Poneh , Sedigh Sadegh , Tajiki Saeed
Published: October 2020

Introduction: hypertension is one of the most important health problems in the world and in developing countries, including Iran. The prevalence of hypertension among Iranian women is higher than men. This study aimed to investigate the predictive causes of hypertension among Iranian women. This study was a narrative review that was conducted by searching related studies and resources in databases of Google Scholar, SID, Pubmed, Magiran, Web of Science, and Scopus. Finally, 49 qualified articles were analyzed and the texts were reviewed. Based on the obtained data, the predictors of hypertension among Iranian women included the underlying factors of obesity (diet and exercise), psychosocial factors (stress, occupation and addiction) and age-related factors.
Conclusion:  Obesity and increased waist size had a greater role in high blood pressure in Iranian women. After obesity, age and factors affecting them, lack of exercise, high stress, occupational factors, education, and addiction can also influence high blood pressure.As a result, it can be predicted that by identifying the risk factors, hypertension can be reduced among Iranian women; by teaching the causes and methods of preventing hypertension to the Iranian women as well as screening for timely diagnose and treatment, hypertension could be decreased among Iranian women.
Review on Effect of Hemorrhages in Rescuing Casualties from Fatalities
Authors: Gouranlou Farideh , Ziveh Tayebeh
Published: October 2020

Introduction: High bleeding due to hypolemia may cause early death. If injured persons hospitalized due to trauma, they may more likely to die. Methods for bleeding control include mechanical, heat treatment, drug therapy, or topical hemostats. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of hemorrhage and their usages in all emergency bleeding cases (in the years of 2008-2019). In this study, relevant articles were collected and reviewed using keywords, local bleeding, clotting, trauma, emergency, bleeding and systematic check. The relevant articles were collected and reviewed. Currently, hemostatic materials can be used to control and reduce bleeding using a variety of mechanisms, including integration coagulation factors at one point, adhesion to tissues, and activation of coagulation cascades and so on. Some of these dressings are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.
Conclusion: The use of hemorrhagic bandages is one of the most important recent developments. Mineral-based hemorrhages are better than other products in terms of mechanism of action. However, it is still not an ideal product. Research in this area should be given more attention.
Effect of Aerobic Exercise Program on Quality of Life in Male Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Dehestani Ardakani Mojtaba
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic exercise program on quality of life in multiple sclerosis men as a complementary therapeutic approach to multiple sclerosis.
Methods: This was a semi-experimental study. The statistical sample consisted of 60 people was selected by the available sampling method from Kahrizak Nursing Home where was also a member of the Iranian MS society. They were randomly divided into control and test groups. After an introductory session of the patients with the aims and intervention method in the experimental group, 27 sessions of 60 minutes of aerobic exercise program were performed in 9 weeks. Data collection tools consisted of a demographic questionnaire, a short quality of life (SF-8) questionnaire, and self-report checklist with a significant level of p≤0.05. Descriptive statistical tests, independent t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance were used for analysis using SPSS version 16 statistical software with a significance level of p≤0.05.
Results: The results showed that there was no significant different between the two groups in terms of the total score (df = 48 = T 21.1, p = 0.23) and dimensions of quality of life (Physical: df = 48, T = 1.31, p = 0.19; mental: df = 48, t = 0.96, p = 0.31) There was no significant difference between the control and experimental groups. The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of quality of life dimensions.
Conclusion: In general, aerobic exercise, which was chosen as an exercise program in this study, improves the quality of life of multiple sclerosis patients. Therefore, this complementary therapeutic approach is recommended as an effective and cost-effective method in cost and time, as well as the ability to learn and easy to administer to multiple sclerosis patients.
GÊNERO E CULTURA NAS CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS BRASILEIRAS: DEPOIMENTO DE UMA PESQUISADORA COM NOME PRÓPRIO
Authors: Pontes Heloisa , Rosatti Camila Gui , Reis Eliana Tavares dos
Published: October 2020

Em um dossiê dedicado a pesquisas sobre mulheres que atuam em distintos domínios sociais, conversar com uma pesquisadora como Heloisa Pontes, que tanto colocou luz e foco na “questão de gênero”, é uma forma de avançar no entendimento de quem são as cientistas sociais e como, por meio de suas inscrições e produções, contribuíram para que essa problemática se constituísse como dimensão fundamental de análise das relações sociais e de poder nas pesquisas universitárias.
POR DENTRO DO MOVIMENTO: PRÁTICAS POLÍTICAS DE MULHERES NEGRAS DO MORRO DA POLÍCIA - PORTO ALEGRE
Authors: Alves Thaís Da Rosa , Vieira Miriam Steffen
Published: October 2020

Este artigo insere-se em um conjunto de estudos sobre o ativismo de mulheres das camadas populares. Fazendo um diálogo com a antropologia da política e o feminismo negro, principalmente em uma perspectiva interseccional, a pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar como um grupo de mulheres negras concebe a política de suas práticas em uma associação comunitária localizada no Morro da Polícia, na periferia de Porto Alegre. A partir de uma abordagem etnográfica, foram acompanhadas as práticas cotidianas das integrantes da Associação e, em especial, de Rosa, durante os meses de julho a setembro de 2017. Ao acompanhar o dia a dia da Associação, ficaram evidentes diferentes níveis de atuação e de percepção da política nesse espaço, articuladas com elementos que se interseccionam no ativismo dessas mulheres.
"CONFISSÕES POLÍTICAS” DE MULHERES PARLAMENTARES
Authors: Reis Eliana Tavares dos
Published: October 2020

O foco deste artigo são livros de “confissões políticas” publicados por mulheres, que seguiram carreiras políticas no Brasil. O objetivo fundamental consistiu em apreender os condicionantes sociais, políticos e culturais intervenientes nos seus itinerários, correlativamente às estratégias de produção de “memórias” e de administração de autoimagens. O ponto de partida é a análise das características gerais de parlamentares cuja concentração de recursos, em certas configurações de luta, traduziu-se na conquista de multinotabilidades e lugares relativamente bem situados nos domínios culturais e políticos. Portanto, são “raras” no jogo político não somente por serem quantitativamente escassas, mas também por deterem meios raros de atuação e, relativamente a outras/os profissionais da representação, estarem entre “notáveis”. Depois, mediante o exame de quatro casos particulares, é examinado como as inscrições e posicionamentos são marcados por ambivalências germinadas nas ocorrências biográficas. Assim, é possível ponderar tanto sobre as bases da autoridade (auto) conferida para expor a “sua própria história” ou a sua versão “da história”, como podemos atentar ao trabalho de mobilização de “experiências” e justificativas articuladas em circunstância de ocupação de posições “em falso”. Ou seja, nas quais as agentes se encontram em condições de incerteza com relação ao seu protagonismo e persistência, particularmente, nas disputas políticas.
LA RÉCEPTION LITTÉRAIRE TRANSNATIONALE
Authors: Jurt Joseph
Published: October 2020

O artigo trata da multiplicidade de relações entre literatura e nação. Sobretudo, os casos francófono e germânico são examinados para explorar como a literatura jogou um papel fundador nos processos de constituição das nações modernas, notadamente diante a ausência de estruturas políticas nacionais. O que se distingue de outros contextos nos quais a literatura se tornou um atributo importante de uma nação politicamente constituída.
GÊNERO, PODER E EDUCAÇÃO NO BRASIL DO SÉCULO XX
Authors: Figueiró Lucas Woltmann
Published: October 2020

Este artigo consiste no estudo da natureza política subjacente à produção da diferença de gênero. Partindo de dilemas políticos do Brasil do século XXI, o objetivo é explorar como significados e predicados que suscitam o feminino foram invocados para produzir diferenças e prescrever ou contestar certas representações em vez de outras ao longo do século XX. Para tal, me apoio em três fontes de pesquisa: o periódico Revista Feminina (1917); o livro Noções de economia doméstica, de Isabel Serrano (1958); e os painéis do Encontro de Economia Doméstica (1961). O material é analisado a luz de conceitos e problemas de diferentes origens disciplinares e inspirações teóricas interessadas no estudo de marcadores sociais da diferença. As análises sugerem que a produção da diferença é tributária de práticas representacionais e educativas que naturalizam e tentam perpetuar valores e predestinações que associam a mulher ao lar e ao bem-estar da família e sociedade.
Türkmen Türkçesinde Metafor Yoluyla Oluşturulan Birleşik Adlar
Authors: GÖKÇÜR Engin
Published: October 2020

Bir kelime ya da kavramın ilgi veya benzetme neticesinde söz konusu anlamının dışında farklı bir anlam ifade edecek şekilde kullanmasına metafor adı verilir. Metaforlar daha somut ve göreceli olarak yapılandırılmış bir alanla (hedef) daha soyut ve yapılandırılmamış bir alan (kaynak) arasındaki kavramsal eşleştirme süreci olarak nitelendirilebilir. 17. yüzyıla kadar yerleşik hayata geçemeyen Türkmen Türklerinin dil ürünlerinde göçebe yaşam tarzının izleri belirgin bir şekilde görülür. Türkmen Türkçesinde metaforla oluşturulan birleşik adlarda Türklerin yaşam tarzının, hayatı bakış açılarının, kültürel değerlerinin yansıması görülür. Bu bağlamda insanoğlunun günlük yaşamında en çok kullandığı temel kavramlarla ilgili organ, renk ve sayı adlarının Türkmen Türkçesinde metafor yoluyla oluşturulan sözcüklerin çoğunluğunu oluşturduğu görülür. Halı, kilim, battaniye, giyim eşyaları, başörtüsü gibi el sanatlarına bağlı eşyaların ve nakışların adlandırılması benzetmeye dayalı metaforların kavramlaştırma ve somutlaştırma olanakları ile sağlanmıştır. Bunun yanında bitki, eşya, nesne, yer ve hayvan adlarının teşekkülünde yine metaforlaştırılan kavramların kullanıldığı görülür. İnsanların fiziksel ve karakter özelliklerinin de benzetme amacı güdülerek birtakım metaforlarla ifade edildiği görülür. Türkmen Türkçesinde metafor yoluyla oluşturulan birleşik adlar birleşiği oluşturan unsurlarına göre üç başlık altında incelenmiştir. Birinci başlık altında birinci bileşeni metaforik kullanılan birleşik adlar; ikinci başlık altında ikinci bileşeni metaforik kullanılan birleşik adlar inceleniştir. Üçüncü başlık altında ise her iki bileşeni metaforik kullanılan birleşik adlar ele alınmıştır. Bu gruptaki birleşik adlar kendi içerisinde 8 alt başlıkta incelenmiştir. Makaledeki veriler Türkmen Türkçesi üzerine oluşturulan sözlüklerden elde edilmiştir.
Orhan Kemal'in Bereketli topraklar Üzerinde ve Gurbet Kuşları Adlı Romanlarında Taşralı İnsanın Değişim Süreci
Authors: ORUÇ Osman
Published: October 2020

Orhan Kemal, 1950'li yıllardan itibaren ivme kazanan köyden kente göç olgusunu ve kapitalist ekonomik yapılaşmanın dayattığı gerçekliği romanlarında ele alan, bu bağlamda taşralı bireyin büyük kentte yaşadığı açmazları, sıkıntıları, değişim ve dönüşümü, yabancılaşma gerçeğini ve bir kimlik inşa etme süreçlerini enine boyuna irdeleyen belli başlı toplumcu-gerçekçi romancılarımızdan birisidir. Bizatihi kendisinin de tecrübe etmiş yahut yakından tanıklık etmiş olduğu toprak ve fabrika işçilerinin hayatlarını, köyden büyük kentlere göç eden gurbetçilerin yaşam mücadelelerini son derece gerçekçi ve bir o kadar samimi bir duyarlıkla kaleme alan Orhan Kemal, bu yönüyle Türk edebiyatında "yaşadıklarını yazan" bir sanatçı hüviyetiyle nev-i şahsına münhasır bir yer edinmiştir.
Tarım sektöründe gözlenen endüstrileşme ile birlikte doğduğu topraklarda geçinme ve yaşama imkânı kalmayan taşralı insanın yeni bir hayat düzeni kurmak umuduyla kente göç etmesi, sonrasında burada tutunma çabaları, yazarın birbirinin devamı niteliğinde olan "Bereketli Topraklar Üzerinde" ve "Gurbet Kuşları" adlı romanlarında masaya yatırılan problemlerdendir. Yazar, her iki romanda da, yaşadıkları köyün dışına çıkmamış, dolayısıyla kente ve kentlilere yabancı taşralı bireyin, kendisi için adeta büyük bir kaos ortamı olan şehirde yalpalaması, nesneleşmesi, kendine ve topluma yabancılaşması, insanî erdemlerin uzağında kalması, değerler dizgesinin alt üst olması vb. süreçleri ortaya serer. Bu çalışmada, yazarın bahse konu iki romanı odağa alınarak yukarıda sözü edilen değişim süreçleri açığa çıkarılmaya çalışılacaktır.
Membangun Hubungan Berkelanjutan Sektor UMKM dan Perbankan
Authors: S Basir , Prajawati Maretha Ika
Published: October 2020

SMEs hope that their relationship with banks will provide them with ease in accessing capital and financing accordingly, with reasonable costs and conditions, where they expect a mutually beneficial and sustainable relationship in the future. The loyalty of SMEs in using banking services, the length of their relationship and reciprocal relationship shows that SMEs benefit from this relationship. One key element in their relationship is mutual trust. The results of the research show that trust affects effective commitment (affective commitment). Social bonding to affective commitment has a positive and significant effect on affective commitment. Affective commitment has a positive impact on behavioral intention. Attractive alternatives in their role of affective commitment and behavioral intention show that the variable attractive of alternative can strengthen the relationship of affective commitment and behavioral intention.
IT TEHNOLOGIJE U RAZVOJU MUZIČKE PISMENOSTI DETETA PREDŠKOLSKOG UZRASTA
Authors: Matović Mirjana , Vetnić Nikola
Published: October 2020

Muzika se u savremenom vaspitno obrazovnom procesu prilagođava svakodnevici i razvija u kontekstu modernih tehnologija. Prateći potrebe, interesovanja i sposobnosti predškolskog deteta, vaspitač koristi muziku kroz sva dostupna sredstva zvučne reprodukcije kombinujući je sa sopstvenim potencijalom i mogućnostima muzičkog izražavanja. Rad je rezultat sve većeg intelektualnog i muzičkog potencijala predškolskog deteta koje od učenja muzike očekuje aktivno uvezivanje različitih čula, od zvuka do boje. Cilj je kreiranje muzičke računarske aplikacije kroz koju se učenje muzike realizuje putem usvajanja znanja o bojama. Upotrebom aplikacije u okviru programskog jezika Max/MSP/Jitter (Max) određen je metod. Max je vizuelni programski jezik čije je okruženje bazirano na kombinovanju gotovih objekata i aplikacija u konfiguracije namenjen muzici i multimediji. Rezultat rada sagledava se u savladavanju osnovnih pojmova muzičke opismenjenosti kroz boju kao nosioca organizovanja muzičkog toka. Potencijal ovog programa namenjenog deci predškolskog uzrasta je u tome da se učenje muzike u savremenom vaspitno-obrazovnom sistemu razume i realizuje kroz kompromis sa razvojem zahteva savremene tehnologije, čiji je muzika neodvojiv deo.
KONSTRUKTIVISTIČKA PERSPEKTIVA U OBRAZOVANJU – OD POUČAVANJA DO UČENJA
Authors: Džinkić Olja
Published: October 2020

U ovom radu akcenat je na konstrukivističkoj perspektivi u obrazovanju, u čijem središtu se nalazi učenik, a proces učenja ima aktivnu, konstruktivnu i socijalnu prirodu. Pomenuta perspektiva predstavljena je od njenog nastanka, do mesta i uloge koju zauzima u savremenom društvu. Cilj rada odnosi se na sagledavanje osnovnih ideja i elemenata konstruktivizma značajnih za novonastale promene i situacije u savremenom svetu, te za savremeno obrazovanje današnjeg društva. Teorijskom analizom zaključuje se da obrazovni potencijal konstruktivističke perspektive pomera granice obrazovanja od poučavanja do učenja, i da kao takav predstavlja savremeni sistem obrazovanja značajan u pripremi mladih za suočavanje sa izazovima društva, i u razvijanju njihovih sposobnosti za fleksibilno prilagođavanje svetu koji se brzo menja.
Efek Air Kelapa Hijau (Cocos Nucifera Linn Var. Viridis) Sebagai Obat Kumur Terhadap Perubahan pH Saliva Anak Usia 12 Tahun
Authors: Zhafirah Rabella Guspia , Budirahardjo Roedy , Nugroho Raditya
Published: October 2020

Latar belakang: Masalah utama kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada anak ialah karies gigi. Karies gigi merupakan suatu penyakit yang kompleks, yang diawali dengan adanya asam yang akan menghancurkan mineral-mineral gigi. Asam yang diproduksi mempengaruhi mineral gigi sehingga menjadi sensitif pada pH rendah. Ketika pH turun menjadi di bawah 5,5, proses demineralisasi menjadi lebih cepat dari remineralisasi. Hal ini menyebabkan lebih banyak mineral gigi yang luluh dan membuat lubang pada gigi. Berbagai upaya dilakukan untuk mengurangi masalah gigi ini dengan meningkatkan pH saliva yang bersifat asam. Salah satu cara yang digunakan adalah kontrol plak yaitu secara mekanik dan kimiawi Tujuan: Mengetahui efek penggunaan air kelapa hijau (Cocos nucifera Linn Var. Viridis) sebagai obat kumur terhadap pH saliva anak usia 12 tahun. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan eksperimental laboratoris dengan rancangan Pretest-Posttest Eksperimental : Controlled-Group Design dengan metode purposive sampling di Pondok pesantren Nurul Islam Jember sebanyak 27 orang. Hasil dan Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setelah berkumur dengan air kelapa hijau (Cocos nucifera Linn Var. Viridis) terdapat perubahan yaitu terjadi penurunan pH saliva anak usia 12 tahun.

Kata Kunci: Perbedaan, pH Saliva, Air Kelapa Hijau, Chlorhexidine, Karies.
Gambaran Perkembangan Motorik Kasar pada Balita Usia 1-3 Tahun dengan Stunting di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sumberjambe, Jember
Authors: Meidina Nadia Farah , Sulistyorini Lantin , Juliningrum Peni Perdani
Published: October 2020

The condition of stunting toddlers can affect the ability in aspects of gross motor development. Gross motor development of stunting toddlers is also influenced by optimal nutritional status between the balance of intake and nutritional needs. This study aims to determine the description of gross motor development in stunted infants aged 1-3 years (toddler) in Sumberjambe Health Center, Jember Regency. This study used a descriptive design with a cross sectional approach. Respondents within this study were 200 stunted toddlers with purposive sampling method. The data collection was carried out using the Denver II observation sheet. Data analysis was performed by descriptive analysis by describing data in table form. The results of gross motor development found that 144 infants (72,0%) had normal gross motor development, 43 toddlers (21,5%) had suspected, and 13 toddlers (6,5%) had abnormal gross motor development. The role of parents, family, and the environment is expected to be able to be involved and directly control the condition of toddlers by frequently interacting to determine motor skills in achieving gross motoric development that is optimal in stunted toddlers.
Gambaran Distres Psikologis pada Petani Tembakau Di Kecamatan Kalisat Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Septiani Alviolita Nur , Wuryaningsih Emi Wuri , Kurniyawan Enggal Hadi
Published: October 2020

Serious problems experienced by tobacco farmers are narrowing land area, decreasing land fertility, degradation of agricultural land, pest attacks, inappropriate fertilization to tobacco plants, weather and crop failure. Those problems posed the tobacco farmers at risk of psychological distress. This study aimed to analyze psychological distress in tobacco farmers in Kalisat, Jember. The design of this study was descriptive analysis with cluster sampling and proportional sampling techniques. The population of this study was tobacco farmers, as many as 91 (CI = 90%). The research instruments were the 42 Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale questionnaires (DASS 42) (Cronbach's Alpha 0.776; 0.931; 0.803). The results showed that tobacco farmers had the highest anxiety (73.6%), stress (26.4%), and depression (11%). Psychological distress in farmers is manifested in the form of worries and fears of work which is generally due to instability from the work of farmers.
Photoimmunotherapy Using Cationic and Anionic Photosensitizer-Antibody Conjugates Against HIV Env-Expressing Cells
Authors: Sadraeian Mohammad , Bahou Calise , da Cruz Edgar Ferreira , Janini Luíz Mário Ramos , Sobhie Diaz Ricardo , W. Boyle Ross , Chudasama Vijay , Eduardo Gontijo Guimarães Francisco
Published: October 2020

Different therapeutic strategies have been investigated to target and eliminate HIV-1-infected cells by using armed antibodies specific to viral proteins, with varying degrees of success. Herein, we propose a new strategy by combining photodynamic therapy (PDT) with HIV Env-targeted immunotherapy, and refer to it as HIV photoimmunotherapy (PIT). A human anti-gp41 antibody (7B2) was conjugated to two photosensitizers with different charges through different linking strategies; “Click” conjugation by using an azide-bearing porphyrin attached via a disulfide bridge linker with a drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) of exactly 4, and “Lysine” conjugation by using phthalocyanine IRDye 700DX dye with average DARs of 2.1, 3.0 and 4.4. These photo-immunoconjugates (PICs) were compared via biochemical and immunological characterizations regarding the dosimetry, solubility, and cell targeting. Photo-induced cytotoxicity of the PICs were compared using assays for apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), photo-cytotoxicity, and confocal microscopy. Targeted phototoxicity seems to be primarily dependent on the binding of PS-antibody to the HIV antigen on the cell membrane, whilst being independent of the PS type. This is the first report of the application of PIT for HIV immunotherapy by killing HIV Env-expressing cells.
Exploring Docker Containers in a Heterogeneous Cluster
Authors: Mao Ying
Published: October 2020

In the last decades, we have witnessed a spectacular information explosion over the Internet. Millions of users are consuming the Internet through various services, such as mobile applications, and online games. The service providers, at the back-end side, are supported by state-of-art infrastructures. Targeting on providing the services at scale, virtualization is one of the emerging technologies used in data centers and cloud environments to improve the quality of services. In this project, we aim to develop a dynamic resource management scheme based on virtual containers. It collects the runtime job progress from the running tasks and allocates the resources dynamically to improve the overall system performance.
Ubiquitination of Intramitochondrial Proteins: Implications for Metabolic Adaptability
Authors: Sulkshane Prasad , Ram Jonathan , Glickman Michael H
Published: October 2020

Mitochondria are constantly subjected to stressful conditions due to their unique physiology and organization. The resulting damage leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, which underlies many pathophysiological conditions. Hence, constant surveillance is required to closely monitor mitochondrial health for sound maintenance of cellular metabolism and thus, for viability. In addition to internal mitochondrial chaperones and proteases, mitochondrial health is also governed by host cell protein quality control systems. The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS) and autophagy constitute the main pathways for removal of damaged or superfluous proteins in the cytosol, nucleus, and from certain organelles such as the ER and mitochondria. Although stress-induced ubiquitin-dependent degradation of mitochondrial outer membrane proteins has been widely studied, mechanisms of intramitochondrial protein ubiquitination have remained largely elusive due to the predominantly cytosolic nature of UPS components, separated from internal mitochondrial proteins by a double membrane. However, recent research has illuminated examples of intramitochondrial protein ubiquitination pathways and highlighted their importance under basal and stressful conditions. Owing to the dependence of mitochondria on the error-prone process of protein import from the cytosol, it is imperative that the cell eliminate any accumulated proteins in the event of mitochondrial import deficiency. Apparently, a significant portion of this activity involves ubiquitination in one way or another. In the present review article, following a brief introduction to mitochondrial protein quality control mechanisms, we discuss our recent understanding of intramitochondrial protein ubiquitination, its importance for the basal function of mitochondria, metabolic implications, and possible therapeutic applications.
Frequency Response Characteristic (FRC) Curve and Fast Frequency Response Assessment in High Renewable Power Systems
Authors: You Shutang
Published: October 2020

This letter introduces a frequency response characteristic (FRC) curve and its application in high renewable power systems. In addition, the letter presents a method for fast frequency response assessment and frequency nadir prediction without performing dynamic simulations using detailed models. The proposed FRC curve and fast frequency response assessment method are useful for operators to understand frequency response performance of high renewable systems in real time.
Planning and Design Techniques of Tourism Complexes in the Process of the City's Master Planning
Authors: Shahraki Abdol Aziz
Published: October 2020

This research paper is to analyze the planning and design techniques of the tourism complexes in the process of municipalities’ master planning. First, it explains the importance of the tourism industry with the help of theories of scholars and experts. Then, it emphasizes the link between the economic developments of cities/regions with the development of the tourism industry. The innovation of this work is to integrate tourism industry planning and comprehensive regional/ urban planning. The main way of doing this is to plan and design the tourism complexes in the early stages of the master planning of the municipality. Urban land-use policies and locating techniques are suggested through this research. Land-use policies and new urban design models for the regional/urban sustainable development are some of the other handouts in this paper. The outcome of this research is good assistance for engineers, planners, and students of urban and regional development.
KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DARING PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID -19
Authors: Hidayat Dede Rahmat , Rohaya Ana , Nadine Fildzah , Ramadhan Hary
Published: October 2020

Kemandirian belajar penting bagi para peserta didik, terutama pada saat pembelajaran dilaksanakan secara daring. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran kemandirian belajar remaja yang melakukan pembelajaran daring. Metode kuantitatif dengan rancangan deskriptif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Sampel pada penelitian dipilih melalui teknik snowball yang melibatkan 579 responden terdiri dari siswa SMA dan SMK dan mahasiswa di Jakarta dengan rentang usia mulai dari 16 sampai dengan 21 tahun. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kemandirian belajar pada mahasiswa yang dikonstruksi oleh Hidayati & Listyani (2010), yang memiliki 19 butir pernyataan. Reliabilitas instrumen ini adalah Alpha Cronbach 0,879. Hasil pengukuran terhadap kemandirian belajar menunjukkan bahwa responden memiliki kemandirian yang cenderung rendah (rerata = 2.78/St.Dev. 0.289 dalam skala 5) dan komponen yang terendah adalah tanggung jawab dan inisiatif belajar. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa para pemelajar (siswa/mahasiswa) belum cukup siap untuk belajar secara daring, penyebabnya adalah karena kebiasaan belajar, dan teknologi yang kurang mendukung.Self-regulated learning is important for students, especially when learning is carried out online. This study aims to obtain a description of the self-regulated learning of students who carry out online learning. Quantitative method with descriptive research design was used in this research. The sample in this study was selected through the snowball technique involving 579 respondents consisting of secondary and vocational high school students as well as university students with age range between 16 and 21 years. The instrument used was self-regulated learning on students constructed by Hidayati & Listyani (2010) which has 19 statements. The reliability of this instrument is Cronbach Alpha 0.879. The results show that the respondents have low self-regulated learning ability (mean = 2.78 / St.Dev. 0.289 on a scale of 5) and the lowest components are learning responsibility and initiative. These results indicate that the learners are not quite ready to learn online caused by study habits and less supportive technology.
Mentoring in the clinical training of midwifery students. A focus study of the experiences and opinions of midwifery students at the Medical University of Warsaw participating in a mentoring programme
Authors: Stefaniak Małgorzata , Dmoch-Gajzlerska Ewa
Published: October 2020

Background: The current system of clinical training for midwifery students in Poland is in need of considerable revision to adapt it to the global standards and the expectations of healthcare providers, healthcare users and student midwives themselves. Aim of this study was to report the experiences of midwifery students participating in a mentor-led clinical training program and their opinions of mentoring as a novel training method.Methods: A qualitative descriptive study that used a focus group was undertaken in the period from October 2017 to June 2019. The participants were 12 second- and third-year midwifery students at the Medical University of Warsaw who at various times during the study period had their clinical training in the Department of Obstetrics, Solec Hospital in Warsaw, Poland. All students had previous experience of clinical training other than clinical mentorship. At the end of the study, a focus group interview was conducted with all 12 participants. Five questions were selected to guide the focus group discussion: Did you get any valuable learning experience during your clinical training? How did this clinical training differ from your previous clinical training? What was your experience of one-on-one mentoring? Did the mentoring program meet your expectations? What do you think could be changed to make the proposed mentor-led clinical training more effective?Results: Four themes were identified. The study demonstrated that mentoring was perceived by the participants as an innovative and effective method of clinical training for midwifery students. All students positively evaluated the quality of the mentor-led clinical training which allowed improving their clinical skills and building new competencies. Students believed they could effectively use their clinical skills and make informed decisions in a safe and supportive clinical learning environment. They felt that their inclusion in the therapeutic team contributed to better patient care.Conclusions: The use of innovative forms of clinical training at undergraduate level improves its effectiveness and in the future should be reflected in a high-quality maternity care. Mentoring has its advantages for both, mentor and mentee, but the main goal is to develop and improve professional competencies of the junior partner.
Analysis of multiple cytokines in aqueous humor of patients with idiopathic macular hole
Authors: Wang Heping , Li Yuqi , Han Song , Niu Tongtong
Published: October 2020

Background: Idiopathic macular holes are common ophthalmic manifestations with unknown pathogenesis. Thus far, there has been minimal research regarding the causes of idiopathic macular holes, especially with respect to the underlying immune mechanism. To provide clarity regarding the treatment and prognosis of idiopathic macular holes, specifically regarding the levels of cytokines in affected patients, this study examined and analyzed multiple cytokine levels in aqueous humor from patients with idiopathic macular holes. Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study included 38 patients in two groups: a cataract control group (n=17) and an idiopathic macular hole group (n=21). The levels of 48 cytokines in aqueous humor were detected by multiplex analysis with antibody-coupled magnetic beads. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to check whether the data were normally distributed; Student’s t-test and the Mann–Whitney U test were used to assess differences in cytokine levels between the two groups. Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess relationships among cytokine levels in the experimental group. Signaling pathways containing cytokines with significantly different expression in the experimental group were identified. Results: There were significant differences in aqueous humor cytokine levels between patients with idiopathic macular holes and patients in the cataract control group. Notably, hepatocyte growth factor (p=0.0001), GM-CSF (p=0.0111), and IFN-γ (p=0.0120) were significantly upregulated in the experimental group , while TNF-α (p=0.0032), GRO-α (p<0.0001), and MIF (p<0.0001) were significantly downregulated in the experimental group. Furthermore, the GM-CSF level showed significant positive correlations with levels of IL-1 (r=0.67904, p<0.001), IL-4 (r=0.76017, p<0.001), and IFN-γ (r=0.59922, p=0.004097) in the experimental group. Moreover, the levels of nerve growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor showed a significant positive correlation (r=0.64951, p=0.001441) in the experimental group. Conclusions: Patients with idiopathic macular holes showed significant variation in aqueous humor immune response after the onset of hole formation, including the recruitment of immune cells and regulation of cytokine expression. Our findings also suggest that it is not appropriate to use patients with macular holes as the control group in studies of aqueous humor cytokine levels in ophthalmic diseases.
Multispectral and X-ray images for characterization of Jatropha curcas L. seed quality
Authors: Bianchini Vitor J , Mascarin Gabriel M , Silva Lúcia CAS , Arthur Valter , Carstensen Jean M , Boelt Birte , Silva Clíssia Barboza da
Published: October 2020

Background: The use of non-destructive methods with less human interference is of great interest in agricultural industry and crop breeding. Modern imaging technologies enable the automatic visualization of multi-parameter for characterization of biological samples, reducing subjectivity and optimizing the analysis process. Furthermore, the combination of two or more imaging techniques has contributed to discovering new physicochemical tools and interpreting datasets in real time.Results: We present a new method for automatic characterization of seed quality based on the combination of multispectral and X-ray imaging technologies. We proposed an approach using X-ray images to investigate internal tissues because seed surface profile can be negatively affected, but without reaching important internal regions of seeds. An oilseed plant (Jatropha curcas) was used as a model species, which also serve as a multi-purposed crop of economic importance worldwide. Our studies included the application of a normalized canonical discriminant analyses (nCDA) algorithm as a supervised transformation building method to obtain spatial and spectral patterns on different seedlots. We developed classification models using reflectance data and X-ray classes based on linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The classification models, individually or combined, showed high accuracy (>0.96) using reflectance at 940 nm and X-ray data to predict quality traits such as normal seedlings, abnormal seedlings and dead seeds.Conclusions: Multispectral and X-ray imaging have a strong relationship with seed physiological performance. Reflectance at 940 nm and X-ray data can efficiently predict seed quality attributes. These techniques can be alternative methods for rapid, efficient, sustainable and non-destructive characterization of seed quality in the future, overcoming the intrinsic subjectivity of the conventional seed quality analysis.
Biological Risk Factors Predict Transfer to Intensive Care Units and Death in Covid-19 Patients
Authors: Sauzay Chloé , Guyader Maïlys Le , Evrard Ophélie , Nyga Rémy , Caulier Alexis , Schmit Jean-Luc , Andréjak Claire , Galmiche Antoine , François Catherine , Castelain Sandrine , Maizel Julien , Garçon Loïc , Brochot Etienne , Boyer Thomas
Published: October 2020

The authors have requested that this preprint be withdrawn due to erroneous posting.