bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research progress of indocyanine green fluorescence technology in gynecological applications
Authors: Li Qing , Zhang Li , Fang Fang , Xu Ping , Zhang Chunhua
Published: November 2023

Indocyanine green is a near‐infrared fluorescent dye which is widely used in various fields of surgery and gynecology. It is currently mainly used to detect various malignant tumors, sentinel lymph nodes, endometriosis lesions, ureter or intestinal occlusion, vaginal perfusion, uterine arterial blood perfusion, pelvic nerve, uterine niche, lymphatic edema, metastatic lesion shadow, and so on, providing new methods for decision‐making during surgery. This article elaborates the application progress of indocyanine green fluorescence technology in gynecology.
A case of neoadjuvant chemotherapy‐resistant muscle‐invasive bladder cancer that markedly responded to pembrolizumab before conversion radical cystectomy
Authors: Yonese Ichiro , Numao Noboru , Inamura Kentaro , Yoneoka Yusuke , Fujiwara Ryo , Yasuda Yosuke , Oguchi Tomohiko , Yamamoto Shinya , Yuasa Takeshi , Yonese Junji
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Recently, perioperative use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has improved the prognosis of muscle‐invasive bladder cancer. It is unclear whether radical cystectomy or systemic pembrolizumab is the optimal next treatment in patients with muscle‐invasive bladder cancer and progressive disease in the pelvic lymph node following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

Case presentation

A 62‐year‐old woman with cT3N0M0 bladder cancer and high programmed death‐ligand 1 expression developed solitary obturator lymph node metastasis following 5 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Six subsequent cycles of pembrolizumab shrank the lymph node significantly, and conversion radical cystectomy was planned. Pathologically, only carcinoma in situ around the scar of transurethral resection of bladder tumor remained in the primary tumor, and the accumulation of foamy macrophages and fibrosis without viable tumor cells was observed in the dissected lymph node. Eighteen months passed without a recurrence following radical cystectomy.

Conclusion

Pembrolizumab administration before radical cystectomy achieved a good response in a patient with obturator lymph node metastasis following neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Thriving in foreign learning environments: The case of hands‐on activities in early years of dental education
Authors: Maragha Tala , Shuler Charles , Walker Judith , von Bergmann HsingChi
Published: November 2023

Objectives

Hands‐on learning environments can challenge learners’ wellbeing in dental education, given their unfamiliarity with students. As today's learners are more aware about their wellbeing needs, it is important to explore the depth and complexity of the challenges they experience and provide them with the necessary support strategies. This study aims to identify the challenges and sources of cognitive overload of early years’ dental students across two time‐points: 2012 and 2022. We also aim to describe the students’ recommendations for future program revision considerations to support students’ wellbeing.

Methods

This study employs both qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitatively, we utilized an Interpretive Description approach and conducted focus groups with first‐year dental students in 2023. Quantitively, we utilized first‐year dental students’ responses to the Study Habits survey administered in 2012/2013.

Results

Five main concerns and sources of cognitive load emerged from the focus groups and survey data: steepness of the learning curve, inconsistent feedback, stigma around asking for support, structural and organizational challenges, and lack of resources. Students also identified several suggestions to support their wellbeing, including time, instructor support, non‐graded exercises, additional resources, and re‐organizing the curriculum.

Conclusion

This study adopts a wellbeing lens to examine students’ transition into hands‐on learning activities. These findings were utilized to propose the TIPSS Support Framework (Time, Instructor Capacity Building, Peer Learning and Other Resources, Safe Learning Spaces, and Spiraling Curriculum). The proposed model can serve as a prototype for future studies to explore its applicability and effectiveness in other dental programs.
Identification of mitogen‐activated protein kinase 7 inhibitors from natural products: Combined virtual screening and dynamic simulation studies
Authors: Alharbi Bandar , Alnajjar Lina I. , Alhassan Hassan H. , Khan Shama , Jawaid Talha , Abdullaev Bekhzod S. , Alshammari Nawaf , Yadav Dharmendra Kumar , Adnan Mohd , Shamsi Anas
Published: November 2023

Mitogen‐activated protein kinase 7 (MAPK7) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that belongs to the MAPK family and plays a vital role in various cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, gene transcription, apoptosis, metabolism, and cell survival. The elevated expression of MAPK7 has been associated with the onset and progression of multiple aggressive tumors in humans, underscoring the potential of targeting MAPK7 pathways in therapeutic research. This pursuit holds promise for the advancement of anticancer drug development by developing potential MAPK7 inhibitors. To look for potential MAPK7 inhibitors, we exploited structure‐based virtual screening of natural products from the ZINC database. First, the Lipinski rule of five criteria was used to filter a large library of ~90,000 natural compounds, followed by ADMET and pan‐assay interference compounds (PAINS) filters. Then, top hits were chosen based on their strong binding affinity as determined by molecular docking. Further, interaction analysis was performed to find effective and specific compounds that can precisely bind to the binding pocket of MAPK7. Consequently, two compounds, ZINC12296700 and ZINC02123081, exhibited significant binding affinity and demonstrated excellent drug‐like properties. All‐atom molecular dynamics simulations for 200 ns confirmed the stability of MAPK7‐ZINC12296700 and MAPK7‐ZINC02123081 docked complexes. According to the molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann surface area investigation, the binding affinities of both complexes were considerable. Overall, the result suggests that ZINC12296700 and ZINC02123081 might be used as promising leads to develop novel MAPK7 inhibitors. Since these compounds would interfere with the kinase activity of MAPK7, therefore, may be implemented to control cell growth and proliferation in cancer after required validations.
Linalool, 1,8‐Cineole, and Eugenol Transfer from a Curry Dish into Human Urine
Authors: Debong Marcel W. , N'Diaye Katharina , Schöberl Daniela , Yin Yue , Lang Roman , Buettner Andrea , Hofmann Thomas , Loos Helene M.
Published: November 2023

Scope

For most substances, there are several routes of excretion from the human body. This study focuses on urinary excretion of dietary odorants and compares the results with previously obtained results on excretion into milk.

Methods and results

Lactating mothers (n = 18) are given a standardized curry dish and donate urine samples before and after the intervention. The odorants 1,8‐cineole, linalool, cuminaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, 4‐hydroxy‐2,5‐dimethyl‐3(2H)‐furanone, sotolone, eugenol, vanillin, and γ‐nonalactone are quantitatively analyzed. A significant transition of up to 6 µg g−1 creatinine into urine is observed for linalool, 1,8‐cineole, and eugenol. Maximum concentrations are reached 1.5 h after the intervention for 1,8‐cineole and eugenol as well as 2.5 h after the intervention for linalool. Comparison with previous results reveals that the excretion pattern of odorants into urine is divergent from the one into milk. In a second intervention study (n = 6), excretion of phase II metabolites into urine is studied using β‐glucuronidase treatment. Linalool and eugenol concentrations are 23 and 77 times higher after treatment than before treatment with β‐glucuronidase, respectively.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates transition of linalool, 1,8‐cineole, and eugenol from the diet into urine and excretion of glucuronides in the case of linalool, eugenol, and vanillin.
Intrauterine enzyme replacement therapies for lysosomal storage disorders: Current developments and promising future prospects
Authors: Herzeg Akos , Borges Beltran , Lianoglou Billie R. , Gonzalez‐Velez Juan , Canepa Emma , Munar Dane , Young Sarah P. , Bali Deeksha , Gelb Michel H. , Chakraborty Pranesh , Kishnani Priya S. , Harmatz Paul , Cohen Jennifer L. , MacKenzie Tippi C.
Published: November 2023

Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a group of monogenic condition, with many characterized by an enzyme deficiency leading to the accumulation of an undegraded substrate within the lysosomes. For those LSDs, postnatal enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) represents the standard of care, but this treatment has limitations when administered only postnatally because, at that point, prenatal disease sequelae may be irreversible. Furthermore, most forms of ERT, specifically those administered systemically, are currently unable to access certain tissues, such as the central nervous system (CNS), and furthermore, may initiate an immune response. In utero enzyme replacement therapy (IUERT) is a novel approach to address these challenges evaluated in a first‐in‐human clinical trial for IUERT in LSDs (NCT04532047). IUERT has numerous advantages: in‐utero intervention may prevent early pathology; the CNS can be accessed before the blood‐brain barrier forms; and the unique fetal immune system enables exposure to new proteins with the potential to prevent an immune response and may induce sustained tolerance. However, there are challenges and limitations for any fetal procedure that involves two patients. This article reviews the current state of IUERT for LSDs, including its advantages, limitations, and potential future directions for definitive therapies.
Genome‐wide identification and expression analysis of Na+/H+antiporter (NHX) genes in tomato under salt stress
Authors: Cavusoglu Erman , Sari Ugur , Tiryaki Iskender
Published: November 2023

Plant Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX) genes enhance salt tolerance by preventing excessive Na+ accumulation in the cytosol through partitioning of Na+ ions into vacuoles or extracellular transport across the plasma membrane. However, there is limited detailed information regarding the salt stress responsive SlNHXs in the most recent tomato genome. We investigated the role of this gene family's expression patterns in the open flower tissues under salt shock in Solanum lycopersicum using a genome‐wide approach. A total of seven putative SlNHX genes located on chromosomes 1, 4, 6, and 10 were identified, but no ortholog of the NHX5 gene was identified in the tomato genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these genes are divided into three different groups. SlNHX proteins with 10–12 transmembrane domains were hypothetically localized in vacuoles or cell membranes. Promoter analysis revealed that SlNHX6 and SlNHX8 are involved with the stress‐related MeJA hormone in response to salt stress signaling. The structural motif analysis of SlNHX1, −2, −3, −4, and −6 proteins showed that they have highly conserved amiloride binding sites. The protein–protein network revealed that SlNHX7 and SlNHX8 interact physically with Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) pathway proteins. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the SlNHX2 and SlNHX6 genes were substantially expressed in the open flower tissues. Moreover, quantitative PCR analysis indicated that all SlNHX genes, particularly SlNHX6 and SlNHX8, are significantly upregulated by salt shock in the open flower tissues. Our results provide an updated framework for future genetic research and development of breeding strategies against salt stress in the tomato.
Bis‐aniline‐1,3,5‐trinitrobenzene complexes: (Short Communication)
Authors: Foster R. , Payne H.A.S.
Published: November 2023

Recently, it has been shown1 that the association constants of 1,3,5‐trinitrobenzene with various hydrocarbons containing two equivalent, symmetrically disposed, phenyl rings have twice the values of the complexes of the corresponding “half” molecules (Table I). It is generally considered that these interactions are electron donor‐acceptor (charge‐transfer) complexes, in which the donor site is the aromatic ring2. The values of the association constants may be accounted for if each site in the bis‐phenyl compounds behaves independently of the remaining sites so that such molecules simply provide, on a statistical basis, twice the number of sites per molecule compared with the corresponding “half” molecules. It is recognised that such behaviour is remarkable in the cases of tolan and trans‐stilbene in which there is conjugation between the two phenyl rings. The complexing behaviour of a series of bis‐anilines has now been studied.
Deazapurine Derivatives. VIII: Synthesis of 7‐substituted 3‐β‐D‐ribofuranosylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridines: 1‐deazaadenosine and related compounds
Authors: de Roos K.B. , Salemink C.A.
Published: November 2023

Fusion of 7‐chloroimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine (IV, 6‐chloro‐1‐deazapurine) with tetra‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐ribofuranose (V), gave predominantly the tri‐O‐acetyl derivative of 7‐chloro‐3‐β‐D‐ribofuranosylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine (β‐VI) and a small amount of the corresponding α‐anomer (α‐VI). After removal of the acetyl groups, the ribofuranosides β‐VII and α‐VII were obtained as crystalline compounds. It has been shown, that the sugar residue in both anomers is attached to position 3. The anomeric configuration has been assigned with the assistance of several independent methods. Starting from the β‐ribofuranoside β‐VII, l‐deazaadenosine (XII) and some related compounds were synthesized.
Electron donor‐acceptor complex formation by compounds of biological interest: IV. Complexes of Local Anaesthetics with Electron Acceptors
Authors: Foster R. , Fyfe C.A.
Published: November 2023

The association constants of benzocaine, procaine, lignocaine and prilocaine with the electron acceptors 1,3,5‐trinitrobenzene and 1,4‐dicyano‐2,3,5,6‐tetrafluorobenzene have been determined from NMR chemical‐shift measurements. The results have been compared with corresponding constants for complexes of aniline, 2,6‐dimethylaniline and 2‐methylaniline. For solutions in carbon tetrachloride, unexpectedly high association constants are obtained for the drug molecules compared with the corresponding simple ring‐methylated anilines. It is suggested that these results may be due to the cooperative binding by the amino group in the side‐chain which increases the overall binding of the drug molecule to the acceptor.
Two‐Step Catalytic Against Polysulfide Shuttling to Enhance Redox Conversion for Advanced Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Tian Chengxiang , Li Pengcheng , Hu Xin , Yan Wensheng , Xiang Xia , Lu Li
Published: November 2023

The development of lithium–sulfur batteries is seriously hindered by the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and the low electrical conductivity of sulfur. To solve these problems, efficient catalysts can be used to improve the conversion rate of LiPSs and the conductivity of sulfur cathode. Herein, annealed melamine foam supported MoSe2 (NCF@MoSe2) is used as interlayer and the MoSe2/MoP heterojunction obtained by phosphating MoSe2 is further used as the catalyst material for metal fusion with a sulfur element. The interlayer can not only improve the electrical conductivity and effectively adsorb and catalyze LiPSs, but more importantly, the MoSe2/MoP heterojunction can also effectively adsorb and catalyze LiPSs, so that the batteries have a dual inhibition shuttling effect strategy. Furthermore, the rapid anchor‐diffusion transition of LiPSs, and the suppression of shuttling effects by catalyst materials are elucidated using theoretical calculations and in situ Raman spectroscopy. The two‐step catalytic strategy exhibits a high reversibility of 983 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.5 C and a high‐rate capacity of 889 mAh g−1 at 5 C. This work provides a feasible solution for the rational design of interlayer and heterojunction materials and is also conducive to the development of more advanced Li–S batteries.
Challenges and Opportunities of Nanomedicine: Novel Comprehensive Approaches for Brain Metastasis
Authors: Xiang Yufan , Li Zhiqian , Pan Dayi , Gong Qiyong , Luo Kui , Liu Yanhui
Published: November 2023

Brain metastasis is the leading cause of death in most cancer patients; thus, anti‐brain metastasis is a crucial step in cancer treatment. The unique microenvironment and pathophysiological characteristics of brain metastases hamper the development of effective treatment methods, while the advances in nanomedicine demonstrate its immense potential for addressing this challenge. In recent years, due to breakthroughs in nanotechnology, functional and complex nanomedicine is prepared and it has been extensively explored to improve the treatment of brain metastasis. Compared to traditional treatment methods, nanomedicine can combine multiple traditional treatment methods into one single medicinal format and target unique characteristics of brain metastases to enhance the treatment efficacy. This review summarizes the main obstacles in the field of brain metastasis treatment and clinical/preclinical studies and surveys the use of a variety of nanomedicine candidates as antibrain metastasis strategies for different types of brain metastases.
Resveratrol alleviates fumonisin‐induced intestinal cytotoxicity by modulating apoptosis, tight junction, and inflammation in IPEC‐J2 porcine intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Yu Song , Zou Lianpeng , Zhao Jiawei , Zhu Yiping
Published: November 2023

Fumonisins are common contaminants in the global food and environment, pose a variety of health risks to humans and animals. However, the method of mitigating fumonisin toxicity is still unclear. Resveratrol is a natural compound with antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. In this study, the protective effect of resveratrol against fumonisin‐induced intestinal toxicity was investigated by the porcine intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC‐J2). The cells were treated with 0–40 μM fumonisin for 24 or 48 h with or without the 24 h resveratrol (15 μM) pretreatment. The data showed that resveratrol could alleviate the fumonisin B1 (FB1)‐induced decrease in cell viability and amplify in membrane permeability. At the same time, it could reduce the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and increase the expression ranges of Nrf2 and downstream genes (SOD1 and NQO‐1), thereby counteracting FB1‐induced apoptosis. Furthermore, resveratrol was able to reduce the expression levels of inflammatory factors (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6), increase the expression levels of tight junction proteins (Claudin‐1, Occludin, and ZO‐1), and the integrity of the IPEC‐J2 monolayer. Our data also showed that resveratrol could attenuate the toxicity of the co‐occurrence of three fumonisins. It is implied that resveratrol represents a promising protective approach for fumonisin, even other mycotoxins in the future. This provided a new strategy for further blocking and controlling the toxicity of fumonisin, subsequently avoiding adverse effects on the human and animal health.
Clinical supervisors' and students' perspectives on preparedness for veterinary workplace clinical training: An international study
Authors: Routh Jennifer , Paramasivam Sharmini Julita , Cockcroft Peter , Wood Sarah , Remnant John , Westermann Cornélie , Reid Alison , Pawson Patricia , Warman Sheena , Nadarajah Vishna Devi , Jeevaratnam Kamalan
Published: November 2023

Background

The alignment of student and workplace supervisors’ perspectives on student preparedness for veterinary workplace clinical training (WCT) is unknown, yet misalignment could negatively impact workplace learning. The aim of this study was to quantify the relative importance of WCT preparedness characteristics according to students and supervisors and to identify differences.

Methods

A survey was completed by 657 veterinary students and 244 clinical supervisors from 25 veterinary schools, from which rankings of the preparedness characteristics were derived. Significant rank differences were assessed using confidence intervals and permutation tests.

Results

‘Honesty, integrity and dependability’ was the most important characteristic according to both groups. The three characteristics with the largest rank differences were: students’ awareness of their own and others’ mental wellbeing and the importance of self‐care; being willing to try new practical skills with support (students ranked both of these higher); and having a clinical reasoning framework for common problems (supervisors ranked higher).

Limitations

Using pooled data from many schools means that the results are not necessarily representative of the perspectives at any one institution.

Conclusion

There are both similarities and differences in the perspectives of students and supervisors regarding which characteristics are more important for WCT. This provides insights that can be used by educators, curriculum developers and admissions tutors to improve student preparedness for workplace learning.
Genome wide association in Spanish bread wheat landraces identifies six key genomic regions that constitute potential targets for improving grain yield related traits
Authors: López-Fernández Matilde , García-Abadillo Julián , Uauy Cristobal , Ruiz Magdalena , Giraldo Patricia , Pascual Laura
Published: November 2023

Key message

Association mapping conducted in 189 Spanish bread wheat landraces revealed six key genomic regions that constitute stable QTLs for yield and include 15 candidate genes.

Genetically diverse landraces provide an ideal population to conduct association analysis. In this study, association mapping was conducted in a collection of 189 Spanish bread wheat landraces whose genomic diversity had been previously assessed. These genomic data were combined with characterization for yield-related traits, including grain size and shape, and phenological traits screened across five seasons. The association analysis revealed a total of 881 significant marker trait associations, involving 434 markers across the genome, that could be grouped in 366 QTLs based on linkage disequilibrium. After accounting for days to heading, we defined 33 high density QTL genomic regions associated to at least four traits. Considering the importance of detecting stable QTLs, 6 regions associated to several grain traits and thousand kernel weight in at least three environments were selected as the most promising ones to harbour targets for breeding. To dissect the genetic cause of the observed associations, we studied the function and in silico expression of the 413 genes located inside these six regions. This identified 15 candidate genes that provide a starting point for future analysis aimed at the identification and validation of wheat yield related genes.
MR 4D flow–derived left atrial acceleration factor for differentiating advanced left ventricular diastolic dysfunction
Authors: Reiter Clemens , Reiter Ursula , Kräuter Corina , Kolesnik Ewald , Scherr Daniel , Schmidt Albrecht , Fuchsjäger Michael , Reiter Gert
Published: November 2023

Objectives

The magnetic resonance (MR) 4D flow imaging–derived left atrial (LA) acceleration factor α was recently introduced as a means to non-invasively estimate LA pressure. We aimed to investigate the association of α with the severity of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction using echocardiography as the reference method.

Methods

Echocardiographic assessment of LV diastolic function and 3-T cardiac MR 4D flow imaging were prospectively performed in 94 subjects (44 male/50 female; mean age, 62 ± 12 years). LA early diastolic peak outflow velocity (vE), systolic peak inflow velocity (vS), and early diastolic peak inflow velocity (vD) were evaluated from 4D flow data. α was calculated from α = vE / [(vS + vD) / 2]. Mean parameter values were compared by t-test; diagnostic performance of α in predicting diastolic (dys)function was investigated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Results

Mean α values were 1.17 ± 0.14, 1.20 ± 0.08, 1.33 ± 0.15, 1.77 ± 0.18, and 2.79 ± 0.69 for grade 0 (n = 51), indeterminate (n = 9), grade I (n = 13), grade II (n = 13), and grade III (n = 8) LV diastolic (dys)function, respectively. α differed between subjects with non-advanced (grade < II) and advanced (grade ≥ II) diastolic dysfunction (1.20 ± 0.15 vs. 2.16 ± 0.66, p < 0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) for detection of advanced diastolic dysfunction was 0.998 (95% CI: 0.958–1.000), yielding sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 84–100%) and specificity of 99% (95% CI: 93–100%) at cut-off α ≥ 1.58. The AUC for differentiating grade III diastolic dysfunction was also 0.998 (95% CI: 0.976–1.000) at cut-off α ≥ 2.14.

Conclusion

The 4D flow–derived LA acceleration factor α allows grade II and grade III diastolic dysfunction to be distinguished from non-advanced grades as well as from each other.

Clinical relevance statement

As a single continuous parameter, the 4D flow–derived LA acceleration factor α shows potential to simplify the multi-parametric imaging algorithm for diagnosis of advanced LV diastolic dysfunction, thereby identifying patients at increased risk for cardiovascular events.

Key Points

• Detection of advanced diastolic dysfunction is typically performed using a complex, multi-parametric approach.

• The 4D flow–derived left atrial acceleration factor α alone allows accurate detection of advanced left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.

• As a single continuous parameter, the left atrial acceleration factor α could simplify the diagnosis of advanced diastolic dysfunction.
Radiomics for the identification of extraprostatic extension with prostate MRI: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ponsiglione Andrea , Gambardella Michele , Stanzione Arnaldo , Green Roberta , Cantoni Valeria , Nappi Carmela , Crocetto Felice , Cuocolo Renato , Cuocolo Alberto , Imbriaco Massimo
Published: November 2023

Objectives

Extraprostatic extension (EPE) of prostate cancer (PCa) is predicted using clinical nomograms. Incorporating MRI could represent a leap forward, although poor sensitivity and standardization represent unsolved issues. MRI radiomics has been proposed for EPE prediction. The aim of the study was to systematically review the literature and perform a meta-analysis of MRI-based radiomics approaches for EPE prediction.

Materials and methods

Multiple databases were systematically searched for radiomics studies on EPE detection up to June 2022. Methodological quality was appraised according to Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) tool and radiomics quality score (RQS). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) was pooled to estimate predictive accuracy. A random-effects model estimated overall effect size. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed with I2 value. Publication bias was evaluated with a funnel plot. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore heterogeneity.

Results

Thirteen studies were included, showing limitations in study design and methodological quality (median RQS 10/36), with high statistical heterogeneity. Pooled AUC for EPE identification was 0.80. In subgroup analysis, test-set and cross-validation-based studies had pooled AUC of 0.85 and 0.89 respectively. Pooled AUC was 0.72 for deep learning (DL)–based and 0.82 for handcrafted radiomics studies and 0.79 and 0.83 for studies with multiple and single scanner data, respectively. Finally, models with the best predictive performance obtained using radiomics features showed pooled AUC of 0.82, while those including clinical data of 0.76.

Conclusion

MRI radiomics–powered models to identify EPE in PCa showed a promising predictive performance overall. However, methodologically robust, clinically driven research evaluating their diagnostic and therapeutic impact is still needed.

Clinical relevance statement

Radiomics might improve the management of prostate cancer patients increasing the value of MRI in the assessment of extraprostatic extension. However, it is imperative that forthcoming research prioritizes confirmation studies and a stronger clinical orientation to solidify these advancements.

Key Points

• MRI radiomics deserves attention as a tool to overcome the limitations of MRI in prostate cancer local staging.

• Pooled AUC was 0.80 for the 13 included studies, with high heterogeneity (84.7%, p < .001), methodological issues, and poor clinical orientation.

• Methodologically robust radiomics research needs to focus on increasing MRI sensitivity and bringing added value to clinical nomograms at patient level.
Elternstreit und Kinderleid: Mit hochstrittigen Eltern in der Praxis
Authors: Weiß Andrea
Published: November 2023

Vor nunmehr zehn Jahren, im Februar 2013, trat in Österreich das Kindschafts- und Namensrechts-Änderungsgesetz in Kraft. Darin enthalten ist die Möglichkeit des Gerichts, bei hochstrittigen Scheidungen zur Sicherung des Kindeswohls erforderliche Maßnahmen wie den verpflichtenden Besuch einer angeordneten Familien‑, Eltern- oder Erziehungsberatung nach § 107 Abs. 3 Z 1 Außer-Streit-Gesetz im Pflegschaftsverfahren anzuordnen. Im Qualifikationsprofil sind auch Psychotherapeut:innen als Expert:innengruppe erfasst, weshalb sich dieser Artikel mit den Anwendungsmöglichkeiten und Kooperationen in diesem besonderen Feld auseinandersetzt. Die Indikation, Ziele und Aufgaben der Maßnahme werden vorgestellt. Aus der Praxis folgen Hinweise zur Zusammenarbeit mit den Eltern, Aspekte möglicher Integration der Kinder in den Beratungsprozess und Fragestellungen zur Evaluation der Maßnahme.
Eine neue Methode körperbasierter Psychotherapie mittels Selbstberührungen: Idiopraxie®
Authors: Böckle Markus , Cubasch Peter
Published: November 2023

Die Verbindung von Psyche und Körper ist, wie bei der Behandlung psychosomatischer Erkrankungen, seit Entwicklung der Psychotherapie ein zentrales Thema. In den letzten Jahren zeichnet sich eine deutliche Fokussierung und Erweiterung leibtherapeutischer Intervention ab. Achtsamkeitsbasierte Psychotherapien, Yoga und viele weitere körperzentrierte Psychotherapieformen im Sinne des „Embodiments“ werden immer häufiger von allen psychotherapeutischen Clustern angewendet. In dieses sich entwickelnde Feld fügt sich die Methode Idiopraxie® ein. Sie zielt darauf ab, die körperliche Selbstwahrnehmung und Selbstregulation durch intentionale Selbstberührung zu fördern. Dieser Artikel beschreibt erstmalig Idiopraxie® als innovative leibtherapeutische Intervention in der Psychotherapie. Sie bietet vielversprechende Möglichkeiten, die Integration von Körper und Geist in der therapeutischen Praxis zu verbessern. Ihr Einfluss auf das psychosomatische Wohlbefinden und ihre Übereinstimmung mit zeitgenössischen Trends in der Psychotherapie unterstreichen die Bedeutung weiterer Forschung und Erkundung der Idiopraxie®.
Performance evolution of configurable software systems: an empirical study
Authors: Kaltenecker Christian , Mühlbauer Stefan , Grebhahn Alexander , Siegmund Norbert , Apel Sven
Published: November 2023

As a software system evolves, its performance can improve or degrade over time. Performance evolution is especially delicate in configurable software systems, where performance degradation may manifest only for specific configurations, making it especially hard to spot and fix. Problem. Prior work concentrated mainly on performance-bug detection and root-cause analysis of a single version of a system. The big picture of how performance co-evolves with a system and what role configurability plays is largely unclear. Approach. In an empirical study, we investigate the relation between configurability and performance evolution. Specifically, we analyze a total of 190 releases of 12 configurable real-world systems and examine the extent to which performance changes are specific to particular configurations and whether few or many configuration options cause performance changes. We triangulate our findings by analyzing change logs and commit messages of the respective projects to pin down causes of performance changes. Results. We found that almost every release of every subject system exhibits performance changes in some of their configurations. Notably, the majority of performance changes affects only a subset of the configuration space, and most performance changes are triggered by multiple options (up to 6). In a deeper analysis, we found that a considerable number of releases mention performance changes in the change log and commits: performance changes are reported in $$45\%$$

45
%

and $$69\%$$

69
%

of the releases in the change log and the commit messages, respectively, but only a fraction report the involved configuration options.
Variability of baroreceptor reflex assessed by tilt table test in a patient undergoing pulmonary vein isolation
Authors: Zuk Anna , Piotrowski Roman , Sikorska Agnieszka , Kowalik Ilona , Kulakowski Piotr , Baran Jakub
Published: November 2023

Background

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a significant role in atrial fibrillation (AF). Catheter ablation (CA) affects the ANS balance. The assessment of baroreceptor (BR) function is an established method to measure parasympathetic activity; however, it has been rarely used in patients undergoing CA of AF.

Aims

This study is to assess changes in BR function caused by CA and to compare these changes between two different types of CA: point-by-point radiofrequency (RF) versus cryoballoon (CB).

Methods

In this observational, prospective, single center study, 78 patients (25 females, mean age 58 ± 9) with paroxysmal AF and first CA were included: 39 patients (RF group) and 39 (CB group). The BR function was assessed non-invasively using tilt testing and three parameters: event count (BREC) depicting overall BR activity, slope mean depicting BR sensitivity (BRS), and BR effectiveness index (BEI).

Results

The groups did not differ in clinical or demographic data. Before CA, tilting caused a marked decrease in BR function parameters in the whole study group (BREC (29 ± 14.0–50.0 vs 28 ± 9.0–44.0, p < 0.068), BRS (10.2 ± 7.1–13.2 vs 5.8 ± 4.9–8.5; p < 0.001), and BEI (52.9 ± 39.9–65.5 vs 39.6 ± 23.6–52.1; p < 0.001), supine vs tilting, respectively). These changes were similar in the both groups. After CA, BR function decreased in the whole group (BREC 12.0 ± 3.0–22.0 vs 6.0 ± 3.0–18.0, p = 0.004; BRS 4.8 ± 3.6–6.8 vs 4.0 ± 3.0–5.8, p = 0.014; BEI 18.7 ± 8.3–27.4 vs 12.0 ± 5.1–21.0, p = 0.009). BREC was significantly more decreased in the CB vs RF. Similar trend was noted for BRS and BEI.

Conclusions

CA significantly affects BR function. These changes were more pronounced following CB rather than RF CA.
A Different Vision: Centering Love Not Punishment for Families Affected by Substance Use
Authors: Taylor Kimá Joy
Published: November 2023

Improving maternal and child outcomes requires us to understand and deconstruct our country’s historically punitive policies toward pregnant and parenting people who use drugs. We also must build a new system that centers wellness in partnership with individuals directly affected by these policies. From a maternal and child health (MCH) perspective, wellness is defined as parent-infant dyads living in supportive, preserved, and loving families with access to the resources needed for optimal health. To achieve wellness and positive outcomes, all individuals must have equitable access to a full continuum of culturally and linguistically effective, geographically available, evidence-informed, non-punitive, and welcoming health and social services that prioritize family preservation. In addition, to attain transformative and equitable outcomes, advocates for families affected by substance use must focus on implementing and evaluating services and continuously monitoring disaggregated data to ensure inequities are eliminated.
Botryandromyces, a morphology-based genus concept scrutinized by molecular data
Authors: Van Caenegem Warre , De Kesel André , Haelewaters Danny
Published: November 2023

Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) are an order of understudied, biotrophic microfungi uniquely associated with arthropods. More than 2300 species are described but only a fraction of those have been sequenced. Molecular studies have shown that cryptic diversity and phenotypic plasticity are present within the Laboulbeniales. Thus far, all of the 146 genera described in Laboulbeniales have been based on morphological characteristics; features commonly used to delineate genera are the organization of receptacle cells and the number of perithecial outer wall cells. The genus Botryandromyces was erected to accommodate two species, B. heteroceri and B. ornatus (type), which share similar morphological characteristics and are different from other genera in their number of perithecial outer wall cells. Here, we generated sequences of multiple loci (18S, ITS, and 28S) of B. heteroceri and several Laboulbenia species. Our phylogenetic analyses retrieved Botryandromyces within Laboulbenia with high support. The two Botryandromyces species are similar to related Laboulbenia species in their upper receptacle (i.e., cells IV and V). We propose to transfer Botryandromyces ornatus and B. heteroceri to Laboulbenia as L. heteroceri and L. mairei nom. nov., respectively, due to a complicated taxonomic history. These results advocate the use of molecular data and the necessity of an integrative taxonomy approach in the study of Laboulbeniales not only to delineate species, but also to investigate relationships among species, genera, and higher taxa as well as to understand the evolution of morphology in this group of fungi.
Efficient and green oxidation of 2-aminophenol catalyzed by tetra-(p-methoxyphenyl) porphyrin complexes anchored on chitosan in bicarbonate solution
Authors: El-Khalafy Sahar H. , Hassanein Mahmoud T. , Mubarak Ayat A.
Published: November 2023

The study explored the catalytic activities of chitosan-supported tetra (p-methoxyphenyl) porphyrin complexes 1–3 in the heterogeneous activation of the aerobic oxidation dimerization of 2-aminophenol (OAP) to 2-aminophenoxazine-3-one (APX) in the presence of bicarbonate, simulating the function of phenoxazinone enzyme synthase. The oxidation reaction was followed by recording the UV–vis spectra of the reaction mixture with time at λmax 433 nm. All chitosan-supported metalloporphyrin complexes 1–3 exhibited effective catalytic activities for OAP oxidation. Under optimal conditions, the chitosan-supported Cu(II) (Tp-OCH3PP) complex displayed the highest catalytic efficiency. Various parameters influencing the catalytic activity of Cu(II) (Tp-OCH3PP)/CTS 1 were studied. The observed rate constant of OAP oxidation exhibited a direct correlation with the concentration of supported catalyst 1 and followed Michaelis–Menten kinetics, indicating saturation of catalyst sites with increasing OAP concentration. The study investigated the impact of temperature, bicarbonate concentration, dissolved oxygen, and the reaction mechanism. Oxidation reaction of OAP catalyzed by 1 in the presence of nitro blue tetrazolium (NTB) revealed no superoxide anion O2−• was formed as a reactive species during the reaction. The chitosan-supported Cu(II) (Tp-OCH3PP) complex shows high catalytic stability and no significant changes up to the fifth run.
Drought and UV-B radiation modulate Adenanthera pavonina leaf metabolite profile and physiology
Authors: Dias Maria Celeste , Pinto Diana C. G. A. , Costa Maria , Santos Conceição , Silva Artur M. S.
Published: November 2023

Adenanthera pavonina is a medicinal species, which economic value depends on the richness of its phytocompounds. Extreme climatic conditions are becoming frequent worldwide, but despite their impact on plant productivity these weather events also modulate plants’ metabolism increasing the production of important phytocompounds. We aimed to characterize the physiological and metabolite adjustments in A. pavonina leaves induced by drought and UV-B radiation. Plants were exposed to drought (DS), UV-B radiation (UV-B), and drought + UV-B (DS + UV-B), and photosynthesis, lipophilic metabolites, and antioxidant status were evaluated. The stress conditions compromised the photosynthetic performance and induced oxidative stress (DS and UV-B plants). However, plants activated protective mechanisms (increased antioxidant activity and flavonoids in all treatments, total phenols in DS and DS + UV-B, and catechols in UV-B and DS + UV-B) and modulated their lipophilic profiles (accumulation of fatty acids and TCA cycle-related metabolites, and reduction of carbohydrates) to cope with the stress. We demonstrate for the first time that DS and UV-B radiation can enrich A. pavonina leaves with antioxidants and fatty acids increasing their medicinal value.
Quantitative Gait and Balance Outcomes for Ataxia Trials: Consensus Recommendations by the Ataxia Global Initiative Working Group on Digital-Motor Biomarkers
Authors: Ilg Winfried , Milne Sarah , Schmitz-Hübsch Tanja , Alcock Lisa , Beichert Lukas , Bertini Enrico , Mohamed Ibrahim Norlinah , Dawes Helen , Gomez Christopher M. , Hanagasi Hasmet , Kinnunen Kirsi M. , Minnerop Martina , Németh Andrea H. , Newman Jane , Ng Yi Shiau , Rentz Clara , Samanci Bedia , Shah Vrutangkumar V. , Summa Susanna , Vasco Gessica , McNames James , Horak Fay B. ,   on behalf of the Ataxia Global Initiative (AGI) working group Digital Motor Biomarkers
Published: November 2023

With disease-modifying drugs on the horizon for degenerative ataxias, ecologically valid, finely granulated, digital health measures are highly warranted to augment clinical and patient-reported outcome measures. Gait and balance disturbances most often present as the first signs of degenerative cerebellar ataxia and are the most reported disabling features in disease progression. Thus, digital gait and balance measures constitute promising and relevant performance outcomes for clinical trials.

This narrative review with embedded consensus will describe evidence for the sensitivity of digital gait and balance measures for evaluating ataxia severity and progression, propose a consensus protocol for establishing gait and balance metrics in natural history studies and clinical trials, and discuss relevant issues for their use as performance outcomes.
Aqua Alexandrina and Fragole cistern: characterization of mortars from Roman constructions, Rome (Italy)
Authors: Calzolari Laura , Medeghini Laura , Baiocchi Ilaria , Zanzi Gian Luca , Mignardi Silvano
Published: November 2023

Aqua Alexandrina is the last aqueduct built by ancient Romans for the city of Rome. At Giovanni Palatucci Park, the archaeological ruins run close to a pre-existent water system, Fragole cistern. This research aims at characterizing mortar samples from both constructions, to identify the materials used and infer about the technological level and the provenance of materials, using a multi-analytical approach. Combining the information obtained through the petrographic investigation of mortar thin sections at optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction on finely powdered samples and thermogravimetric analysis on the binder fraction, it was possible to attest the presence of both artificial and natural materials with pozzolanic behavior, which conferred hydraulicity to the mortars. The results show that materials are very similar in both constructions, confirming a well-established know-how in the production of hydraulic mortars by the Romans. The volcanic products used as aggregate are identified with two large pyroclastic-flow deposits erupted by the Colli Albani Volcanic District which extensively crop out in the area of Rome: Pozzolane Rosse and Pozzolanelle.
Explainable Artificial Intelligence in Alzheimer’s Disease Classification: A Systematic Review
Authors: Viswan Vimbi , Shaffi Noushath , Mahmud Mufti , Subramanian Karthikeyan , Hajamohideen Faizal
Published: November 2023

The unprecedented growth of computational capabilities in recent years has allowed Artificial Intelligence (AI) models to be developed for medical applications with remarkable results. However, a large number of Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) methods powered by AI have limited acceptance and adoption in the medical domain due to the typical blackbox nature of these AI models. Therefore, to facilitate the adoption of these AI models among the medical practitioners, the models' predictions must be explainable and interpretable. The emerging field of explainable AI (XAI) aims to justify the trustworthiness of these models' predictions. This work presents a systematic review of the literature reporting Alzheimer's disease (AD) detection using XAI that were communicated during the last decade. Research questions were carefully formulated to categorise AI models into different conceptual approaches (e.g., Post-hoc, Ante-hoc, Model-Agnostic, Model-Specific, Global, Local etc.) and frameworks (Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanation or LIME, SHapley Additive exPlanations or SHAP, Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping or GradCAM, Layer-wise Relevance Propagation or LRP, etc.) of XAI. This categorisation provides broad coverage of the interpretation spectrum from intrinsic (e.g., Model-Specific, Ante-hoc models) to complex patterns (e.g., Model-Agnostic, Post-hoc models) and by taking local explanations to a global scope. Additionally, different forms of interpretations providing in-depth insight into the factors that support the clinical diagnosis of AD are also discussed. Finally, limitations, needs and open challenges of XAI research are outlined with possible prospects of their usage in AD detection.
A gene signature predicting prognosis of patients with lower-grade gliomas receiving temozolomide therapy
Authors: Wan Yanzhi , Li Guangqi , Deng Junyue , Zhu Hong , Ma Xuelei
Published: November 2023

Temozolomide (TMZ) has been used as a first-line therapy against lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) combined with other chemotherapy drugs. However, there has been no reliable index predicting TMZ response of patients with LGGs. In this study, we aim to investigate the relationship between gene expressions and the prognosis of TMZ therapy in LGGs. We integrated transcriptome and clinical data of 171 LGGs from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). Consensus LASSO Cox regression was used to identify 14 key genes related to different clinical outcomes under TMZ chemotherapy. We constructed and evaluated a risk score based on the 14 genes. Patients with LGGs of lower risk scores (low-risk group) generally had better survival than those LGGs of higher risk scores (high-risk group), which is independent of clinicopathological factors. High-risk patients showed activation of innate and humoral-type immunity. The prognostic contribution of the risk score was validated in an independent validation cohort of 65 patients. Besides, combined with three independent predictors (grade, IDH1 mutation status, and chr1p19q co-deletion status), we further developed a nomogram to predict the benefit of TMZ treatment in LGGs. Our results indicate that a transcriptome-based index can optimize the treatment strategy for patients with LGGs under TMZ therapy.