bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Women’s health and healthcare experiences in the years after gestational diabetes or hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
Authors: Jenkinson Bec , Charlton Valerie , Hardiman Leah , Limmer Ayme , McKenzie Melanie , Ura Anna-Lee , Bonner Carissa , Lawler Sheleigh , Middleton Philippa , Mishra Gita , Doust Jenny
Published: February 2025

Background

Pregnancy complications, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), affect a significant proportion of women in Australia, with long-term implications for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Despite existing preventive measures, participation in ongoing health monitoring remains low. This study aims to explore women’s preferences and experiences regarding preventive healthcare after GDM and HDP, and to identify their unanswered questions about the association between these conditions and future CVD risk.

Methods

A participatory, qualitative approach was adopted, involving a Lived Experience Expert Group (LEE Group) to plan, conduct, and interpret focus groups with women who had experienced either GDM or HDP. Participants were recruited through health consumer and community organisations and took part in two focus groups conducted via Zoom. The focus groups involved a stimulus presentation about CVD and GDM or HDP, facilitated group discussion about participants’ health and healthcare since their pregnancy, and Nominal Group Technique to prioritise participants’ questions about their CVD risk. Focus groups were audio recorded and transcripts from each group were analysed thematically. Synthesised Member Checking was used to verify the trustworthiness of findings.

Results

Twelve women participated in the focus groups, with distinct themes emerging from the GDM and HDP focus groups. Participants were previously unaware of the association between their pregnancy complication and increased risk of future CVD and wished to know more. Three themes were generated from the GDM focus groups: ‘a distressing diagnosis’; ‘degrees of diabetes’; and ‘balancing motherhood and self-care’. Two themes were generated from the HDP focus groups: ‘women’s concerns were dismissed’ and ‘wanting follow up at the right time and with the right person’. The ‘top ten’ questions from each group focussed on improving maternity care, preventing CVD, and (for the HDP group) concerns beyond CVD.

Conclusions

Women’s capacity to engage in preventive health after GDM and HDP is influenced by their maternity care experiences and the accessibility of primary care pathways. Future interventions should focus on improving woman-centred maternity care, ensuring seamless transitions to primary care, and addressing the social determinants of health for new mothers.
Rates of mental health concerns among individuals assessed at the GoodHope Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Clinic
Authors: Slepian P. Maxwell , Axenova Kristina , McCarthy Molly , Siegal Rachel , Gobin Keisha , Weinrib Aliza , Buryk-Iggers Stephanie , Santa Mina Daniel , McGillis Laura , Mittal Nimish , Katz Joel , Clarke Hance
Published: February 2025

Past research has indicated that individuals with Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes (EDS) and Generalized Hypermobililty Spectrum Disorder (G-HSD) report psychological and psychiatric symptoms, particularly anxiety disorders and depressive symptoms, at much greater rates than the general population. However, these studies have been primarily conducted in small samples at European centres. We report a retrospective chart review from 1035 consecutive patients (88% female) assessed for EDS/G-HSD at the GoodHope EDS Clinic at Toronto General Hospital between June 2019 and June 2021. Prior to assessment, all patients completed self-reported mental health screening questions, the Inventory of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms – Dysphoria scale, and the Borderline Symptom List-23. The majority of patients reported current or past anxiety or depressive symptoms (53–87%), and a substantial minority reported significant mental health concerns, including Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (4.7–34.8%), disordered eating (19%), self-harm (3-29.2%), and suicidal behaviour (7.8–18.6%). Patients did not differ by diagnostic category on self-report measures of dysphoria or borderline symptoms. Individuals with G-HSD reported higher rates of anxiety and depression in clinical interview than those diagnosed with non-hypermobile EDS, and endorsed a higher rate of having “struggled with anxiety or depression” on the mental health screening questionnaire than individuals not diagnosed with EDS/G-HSD. No other differences emerged across diagnostic groups. These findings highlight the need for psychological support for individuals with EDS or G-HSD.
Bovine milk-derived extracellular vesicles reduce oxidative stress and ferroptosis induced by Klebsiella pneumoniae in bovine mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Liang Bingchun , Xiong Yindi , Cobo Eduardo R. , Kastelic John , Tong Xiaofang , Han Bo , Gao Jian
Published: February 2025

Background

Ferroptosis is characterized by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and membrane lipid peroxidation that can exacerbate inflammatory damage. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from bovine milk have many biological functions, including antioxidant properties. However, the role of EVs on Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced ferroptosis and oxidative stress in bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) and murine mammary tissue is unclear. In this study, EVs were isolated from bovine colostrum, mature milk and clinical mastitis milk (defined as C-EVs, M-EVs and CM-EVs, respectively) and assessed by transmission electron microscopy, Western blot and transcriptome sequencing. Effects of EVs on K. pneumoniae-induced ferroptosis and oxidative stress in bMECs were evaluated with immunofluorescence and Western blot.

Results

In bMECs, infection with K. pneumoniae induced oxidative stress, decreasing protein expression of Nrf2, Keap1 and HO-1 plus SOD activity, and increasing ROS concentrations. However, protein expression of GPX4, ACSL4 and S100A4 in bMECs, all factors that regulate ferroptosis, was downregulated by K. pneumoniae. Furthermore, this bacterium compromised tight junctions in murine mammary tissue, with low expression of ZO-1 and Occludin, whereas protein expression of Nrf2 and GPX4 was also decreased in mammary tissue. Adding C-EVs, M-EVs or CM-EVs reduced oxidative stress and ferroptosis in K. pneumoniae-infected bMECs in vitro and murine mammary tissues in vivo.

Conclusion

In conclusion, all 3 sources of milk-derived EVs alleviated oxidative stress and ferroptosis in K. pneumoniae-infected bMECs and mammary tissues.
In situ analysis of soluble organic compounds in Hayabusa Category 3 particles
Authors: Hashiguchi Minako , Naraoka Hiroshi , Uesugi Masayuki , Yada Toru , Abe Masanao
Published: February 2025

In this study, two Category 3 carbonaceous particles (RB-CV-0008 and RB-CV-0031) among more than 700 Hayabusa-returned particles were analyzed by molecular imaging using desorption electrospray ionization–high-resolution mass spectrometry (desorption electrospray ionization (DESI)–high-mass-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)) with an electrically charged methanol spray. RB-CV-0031 was unfortunately lost during the analysis; however, 176 positive ions (m/z 70–1000) were successfully identified from the surface of RB-CV-0008. The chemical compositions of these ions were assigned using their exact masses, and CHNO and CHO compounds were abundant in both number and total ion intensity. The ions showed varying spatial distributions, which could be classified into six patterns, and their chemical compositions were different between the distribution patterns. Furthermore, the ions were predominantly detected from the region surrounding the main body of the particle, where tiny particles that were likely broken up during handling were observed. This result suggests that RB-CV-0008 consists of more than two materials with different solubilities in methanol. Furthermore, several homologous compounds containing the C3H6O unit (at 58.0418 amu) were found in the identified ions from RB-CV-0008 using a mass defect (MD) plot. Among the possible contaminants analyzed in this study, the features of the positive ions identified by DESI–HRMS imaging and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) of RB-CV-0008 most closely resembled those of Nylon-6. These results suggest that some of the moieties, including the side chains corresponding to the C3H6O unit of RB-CV-0008, resembled those of Nylon-6 and polypropylene glycol (PPG), but the carbon skeleton differed between RB-CV-0008 and those materials. Our results indicate that RB-CV-0008 likely contains a mixture of different materials, such as polyamide and PPG. This study represents first comprehensive investigation of the soluble organic matter (SOM) characteristics of Category 3 particles by in situ analysis. The spatial distribution and ion species detected in this study indicate that the RB-CV-0008 particles have heterogeneous moieties with different solubilities in methanol and/or ionization efficiency and different chemical compositions. This study supports previous studies suggesting that Category 3 particles are derived from terrestrial materials and have multiple origins.

Graphical Abstract
SREBF1, a target gene of multiple sclerosis and coronary heart disease: based on mendelian randomization study
Authors: Du Linqin , Cui Yangyang , Zhou Yang , Kwaku Ofe Eugene , Ding Xuefeng , Zeng Lang , Li Shikang , Xiong Lijuan , Zhang Yonghong , Zhou Peng , Wang Kun , Yue Rongchuan
Published: February 2025

Background and purpose

Research shows that people with multiple sclerosis (MS) are more likely to experience cardiovascular complications. However, the precise mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. This study investigated the causal relationship between MS and coronary heart disease (CHD) using Mendelian randomization (MR) techniques to clarify direct effects and identify relevant target genes.

Methods

We conducted various methods, including two-sample MR. method, reverse, and multivariable MR analyses, to examine the causal relationship between MS and CHD. These. methodologies effectively mitigate confounding variables and neutralize adverse causal effects. Additionally, the study explored the involvement of social factors through a two-step MR analysis. The research team performed a thorough screening of differentially expressed genes in MS based on GEO database, identifying potential target genes that may be associated with genetic risk of CHD. Enrichment analyses and protein-protein interaction studies were used to elucidate biological functions associated with these genes. We included colocalization analysis and summary data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) method for further screening of core genes to obtain target genes.Finally, we investigated how these genes might affect health by conducting a phenome-wide MR analysis.

Results

Our findings revealed that genetic predisposition to MS significantly increases the risk of CHD, with an IVW-MR analysis yielding an odds ratio of 1.091 (95% CI: 1.030, 1.155, P = 0.0029). Mediation analysis revealed that frailty mediated 20.2% of the effect of MS on CHD (P = 0.026), suggesting that frailty is a critical pathway in this relationship. Additionally, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is associated with an increased risk of developing both MS and CHD. We identified 3025 differentially expressed genes and 130 genes causally linked to CHD. Protein-protein interaction network analysis identified 77 interacting genes, with core genes such as SREBF1 involved in organelle regulation and nucleic acid metabolism. Colocalization analysis further supported the presence of shared genetic variants between IL6R and SREBF1 associated with CHD, with posterior probabilities (PPH4) of 90.2% and 92.3%, respectively. Interestingly, summary mendelian randomization (SMR) analysis revealed that SREBF1 may be a target gene for MS(bSMR=-0.174,PSMR = 0.0218, PHEIDI = 0.2806, topSNP: rs12951376). Further analysis of the phenome-wide MR did not find significant evidence of side effect associated with targeted therapy against SREBF1.

Conclusion

This study provided genetic evidence indicating that indivduals with MS face higher risk of coronary heart disease. Furthermore, SREBF1 maybe a critical target gene which would significantly contribute to drug development.
Research on construction risk assessment method of shield tunnel based on subjective and objective weights
Authors: Zheng Yuanxun , Li Fengwei , Guo Huiji , Chen Jing , Wu Jingjiang
Published: February 2025

Various risks often exist in metro construction and building, and how to assess the risk when metro is constructed by shield method and establish the construction risk indicator system has become a hot research topic nowadays. In this paper, HHM (hierarchical holography method) is firstly used to list the initial 26 risk indicators, and the risk list is optimized by using vague set theory to get 13 risk indicators. Then, the risk indicators are assigned by a combination of the G1 method (order-relationship hierarchy method) and the COWA method (order-weighted average operator) to determine the weights of the construction safety risk evaluation indicators of the shield construction method of metro tunnels. At the same time, to reduce the influence of the uncertainty, randomness and ambiguity of the shield construction of metro tunnels and more intuitively represent the risk weights of the indicators, and the cloud theory is used to objectively display the risk weights of the indicators. Finally, the subway tunnel shield method construction safety risk evaluation model introduced into the Tianjin Metro an interval case for risk assessment, and test of the scientific nature of the model, applicability, the evaluation results obtained, and the actual results are consistent with the validation of this paper to build the subway tunnel shield method construction safety risk evaluation model of scientific applicability and reliability, enriching the subway tunnel engineering construction safety risk evaluation method for subway tunnels. Construction safety risk evaluation provides a scientific basis for decision-making, but also for the further development of risk prevention measures, reduces the risk of construction of subway tunneling projects to provide a basis for promoting the healthy and rapid development of the construction of urban subways, and provides guidance for similar projects.
Strategies for Optimizing Clinical Outcomes in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery
Authors: Ikwuegbuenyi Chibuikem A. , Inzerillo Sean , Wang Evan , Hussain Ibrahim
Published: February 2025

Minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) has transformed spinal surgery by minimizing tissue disruption, reducing recovery times, and lowering complication rates compared with traditional open procedures. MISS uses smaller incisions, specialized tools, and advanced imaging to treat conditions such as degenerative disk disease, trauma, and tumors. Techniques such as endoscopic spine surgery and tubular retractors have expanded its applications, enabling effective treatment with less postoperative pain and faster mobilization. Patient selection is crucial to the success of MISS, requiring detailed imaging analysis and consideration of overall health and pathology. Although MISS provides significant benefits, it is less effective for complex spinal deformities that require extensive sagittal or coronal corrections. Technological advancements, including robotic assistance and augmented reality, are enhancing surgical precision and expanding the scope of MISS. Enhanced recovery after surgery protocols, when combined with MISS, improve outcomes by reducing hospital stays and postoperative pain. Complications such as dural tears and hardware misplacement, although less common than in open surgery, require careful management, with techniques such as intraoperative imaging and robotic navigation aiding in complication prevention. Continued innovation in MISS will broaden its application and improve safety and patient outcomes across various spinal pathologies.
Single Position Lateral Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion at L5/S1
Authors: Stienen Martin N. , Yoo Kelly , Schonfeld Ethan , Shah Vaihabi , Abikenari Matthew , Pangal Dhiraj , Chandra Venita , Veeravagu Anand
Published: February 2025

Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) is an established surgical approach for spinal fusion, offering distinct advantages in restoring lumbar lordosis, indirectly decompressing neural elements, and facilitating high fusion rates because of the increase in the fusion surface area. Traditionally, ALIF is performed with the patient in a supine position, necessitating repositioning for additional posterior interventions, which increases operative time, anesthetic time, and complexity. The recent development of single position lateral ALIF (SPL-ALIF) enables anterior and posterior access without repositioning, enables gravity facilitated retroperitoneal access, and optimizes surgical efficiency, particularly in cases necessitating multilevel anterior column fusion. The current review comprehensively examines SPL-ALIF at the L5-S1 level, presenting technical considerations and comparative benefits over traditional techniques. The approach has demonstrated significant reductions in operative time, blood loss, and postoperative ileus, with equivalent radiographic outcomes compared with supine ALIF. Furthermore, SPL-ALIF has been evidenced to have a similar safety profile to supine ALIF with equivalent vascular, abdominal, and neurological complications, as well as comparable revision rates between the two procedures. However, SPL-ALIF is not without limitations. The technique may be less effective in cases requiring direct decompression or in patients with complex vascular anatomy or extensive retroperitoneal scarring. These challenges necessitate careful patient selection to optimize outcomes and minimize intraoperative risks. Future studies are warranted to validate the clinical benefits of SPL-ALIF, particularly concerning fusion rates, patient-reported outcomes, and complication profiles, thereby solidifying its role in the evolving landscape of minimally invasive spine surgery.
Augmented Reality in Spine Surgery
Authors: Wilson Bayard R. , Wang Timothy Y. , O'Toole John
Published: February 2025

Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that allows digital information to be superimposed onto a user's view of the real world, thereby enhancing the user's experience of a given real-world scenario. As recent advances in AR technology have made it more available for a variety of applications, hospitals and doctors have begun to test its utility in the operating room. AR technology allows surgeons to supplement their view of the operative field with useful patient-specific information for which they might otherwise need to turn their attention away from the task at hand. For spine surgeons in particular, AR has begun to emerge as a promising option to assist with surgical performance. The field of spine surgery is uniquely positioned to benefit from AR, given the extent to which many spine surgeons already rely on intraoperative navigation techniques for certain surgical tasks, including pedicle screw and interbody device placement. In this review, we outline the origins and history of AR in spine surgery and cover the current state of the literature regarding the applications, benefits, and drawbacks of its use within the field. Lastly, we speculate as to the future of AR in spine surgery and propose which gaps in knowledge must be addressed before the technology enjoys a degree of adoption on par with currently available intraoperative navigation techniques.
Minimally Invasive Lateral Approach for Calcified Thoracic Disc Herniations: Technical Considerations and Outcomes Review
Authors: Khalifeh Kareem , Ozgur Burak , Kanter Adam
Published: February 2025

Symptomatic thoracic disc herniation (TDH) is relatively uncommon, and surgical management poses significant challenges owing to restricted anatomic corridors, limited space within the spinal canal, tenuous blood supply, and proximity to vital organs and vasculature. Calcified TDH adds further complexity, necessitating meticulous preoperative planning to determine the safest and most effective approach. Although various techniques have been described for managing TDH, many are associated with high complication rates, increased blood loss, and extended hospitalizations. Recent studies suggest that the minimally invasive lateral retropleural approach for calcified TDH offers notable advantages, improving clinical and operative outcomes. However, research specifically focusing on the efficacy of this technique remains limited. This narrative review examines the existing literature on the lateral retropleural approach, discussing reported outcomes, technical considerations, and potential challenges.
The role of overweight and obesity in shoulder, arm, and hand disability in young dentists: a cross-sectional study in the peruvian andes
Authors: Mamani Pomari Edward , Vilca Alexandra Leonela Gome , Orrego-Ferreyros Luis Alexander
Published: February 2025

Background Musculoskeletal disorders comprise injuries that limit the ability of the human body to move and include elements such as muscles, tendons, and ligaments. They are considered significant problems within the practice of clinical dentistry, arising mainly because of physical overload resulting from dynamic and static activities. The aim of the research was to evaluate the relationship between shoulder, arm, and hand disability and body mass index in dentists. Methods The study was classified as applied research with a non-experimental and correlational design. The sample consisted of 222 private practice´s dentists. A simple random probabilistic sampling was chosen. A questionnaire was considered to collect demographic, occupational, anthropometric, and exercise data. To assess the presence of symptoms of functional disability of the shoulder, arm, and hand, the shortened Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scale (QuickDASH) was used. Results There are differences in shoulder, arm, and hand disability scores among the body mass index classification groups (PR=12.74, 95% CI [9.08; 16.4], p<0.001), even after adjusting for occupational and physical activity variables (PR=10544.08, 95% CI [302.84; 367111.40], p<0.001). Conclusion This study highlights the significant relationship between BMI and functional disability of the shoulder, arm, and hand in dental surgeons, emphasizing the need for preventive strategies focused on weight management and the promotion of physical activity.
Development status of core outcome sets in China: a protocol
Authors: Zhang Mingyan , Zhang Chenyao , Pang Bo , Gorst Sarah , Williamson Paula , Zhang Junhua
Published: February 2025

Background Awareness of COS development and use among Chinese researchers has increased since the concept was introduced in China in 2012. An increasing number of COS have been registered and completed by Chinese developers. The status of relevant COS research led by Chinese researchers and their quality remains unclear. Methods An electronic search will be conducted in the COMET, ChiCOS, and Chinese literature databases (CNKI, WanFang, and SinoMed). According to different study types (registration entry, protocol, or completed research), the information of the included studies will be extracted into different Excel tables. The extracted information depends on the type of study. The findings of the review will be presented descriptively. For protocol, we will check the quality with COS-STAP. For completed research, we will check the quality with COS-STAR and COS-STAD. In addition, we will conduct a comparative analysis to determine how many entries in the ChiCOS database have not been registered in the COMET database. Discussion This study will provide valuable insights into the current state of COS in China. This is essential for a better understanding of the barriers and facilitators to COS development and application. Study registration This research is registered in Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness: https://www.comet-initiative.org/Studies/Details/3277.
Cicada minimum age tree: Cryptic speciation and exponentially increasing base substitution rates in recent geologic time
Authors: Osozawa Soichi , Wakabayashi John
Published: February 2025

We developed a new time-calibrated phylogenetic tree incorporating primarily endemic Ryukyu Islands cicada data, along with some cryptic species, following the recent global cicada studies by Marshall et al. (2018), Łukasik et al. (2018), Simon et al. (2019), Price et al. (2019), and Hill et al. (2021). A total of 352 specimens were analyzed using BEAST v1.10.4 software with a relaxed clock model. Fossil calibrations dating as far back as the Triassic were adopted, largely following Johnson et al. (2018) and Moulds (2018), with a Quaternary geological event calibration based on Osozawa et al. (2012, 2021b), which was input into BEAST v1.10.4. In the COI tree, the crown age of Cicadoidea was estimated at 200.63 Ma. Tettigarctidae was found to be the oldest lineage, sister to all remaining cicadas. Derotettiginae, at 99.2 Ma, is the next oldest lineage, sister to all other monophyletic cicadas. The Tibicininae clade branched at 66.15 Ma, with the subfamilies Tettigomyiinae, Cicadettinae, and Cicadidae diverging at a crown age of 40.57 Ma. The Cicadinae clade consists of many tribe and genus-specific clades, with numerous cryptic species emerging due to vicariance and adaptive radiation. We estimated the base substitution rate as a function of age, and the results strongly indicate an exponential increase in substitution rates during recent geological time. This increase in cicada biodiversity, including the generation of cryptic species in the Ryukyu Islands and surrounding regions, may have been driven by the spread of C4 grasses and concurrent Quaternary climate changes.
Pojmowanie wolności
Authors: Szlachta Bogdan
Published: February 2025

NOTIONS OF FREEDOM: A FEW APPROACHES THAT INTEREST A RESEARCHER OF POLITICAL THOUGHT
The historian of political thought is particularly interested in several ways of understanding freedom, both of the individual (the human person) and of the human community (such as the nation or the state). He analyzes both the old approaches (especially the republican ones) and the liberal and Christian, or rather Catholic, approaches that have remained in tension, especially in the last two centuries, using both the Old Testament approach (the freedom of the subject conditioned by the fulfilment of the law or the Law revealed by God) and the Greek one (freedom realized within the framework of the state community or through the fulfilment of the natural inclinations of all people). The author juxtaposes the most important approaches, showing the tensions between the way of understanding freedom, especially by the popes at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, and the former liberals, who set the trails that are still taken up today, including the proper approach called postmodernism.
The role of gut microbiota and probiotics in managing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
Authors: Soleimani Roya Abedi , Salemkhoei Samira , Milani Payam Gonbari , Soleimani Azar Abedi , Khayeri Samira
Published: February 2025

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) represent a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality globally, impacting around 10% of pregnant women. This review investigates the intricate interplay between gut microbiota and HDP, focusing on how changes in microbial composition may affect blood pressure control. Recent research suggests that dysbiosis, marked by diminished microbial diversity and alterations in specific bacterial communities, correlates with hypertension. The potential of probiotic supplementation as a therapeutic approach to restore gut health, improve metabolic processes and alleviate hypertension symptoms during pregnancy is highlighted. The review outlines various mechanisms by which gut microbiota may help reduce HDP symptoms, particularly through the production of short-chain fatty acids known for their anti-inflammatory effects. Although the findings are encouraging, additional studies are required to comprehensively elucidate the roles of different bacterial species in blood pressure regulation and to validate probiotics as a standard treatment for HDP.
Implications of the Prime Minister's plans for the NHS and gastrointestinal nursing
Authors: Harrison Penny
Published: February 2025

Penny Harrison discusses the latest policy developments presented by the UK Government, and highlights the associated implications and potential outcomes as they relate to gastrointestinal nursing.
"I'm Trying to Prove My Identity Through Dance": Multiracial Undergraduate Dancers at a Predominantly White Institution
Authors: Wong-Campbell Jacob P.
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Grounded in Critical Multiracial Theory and notions of performativity, this study utilized Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis to examine 12 multiracial undergraduates' embodied experiences of monoracism within dance-based contexts at a predominantly White institution. Interviewees described the relative diversity of dance spaces, internalized monoracist messages about their bodies, and developed embodied agency to navigate monoracism in college.
Experiences of International Doctoral Student Mothers at a US Research University
Authors: Sirgebayeva Aidana
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Female doctoral students often experience several challenges in the program while balancing their personal and family roles. This phenomenological study investigated the experiences of international student mothers (N = 6) while pursuing full-time doctoral degrees, providing insights into how they navigate a research university. The study has one central research question: What are the daily life experiences of full-time international doctoral student mothers caring for their child/ren, pursuing a career, and researching in education? The findings highlight the importance of social support in the success and well-being of female international doctoral students.
Forbidden Love, Gender, and Domestic Violence: Women College Students' Experience during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bakir Ayşegül , Avci Özlem Haskan
Published: February 2025

Abstract: There are many informal rules regarding women's premarital relationships in Turkey and Islamic cultures in general. It is an unspoken rule that Turkish families disapprove of their daughters' dating. We explored women's experiences hiding their romantic relationships from their families during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants included nine Turkish women college students aged 19–26 years. The participants who returned home after transitioning to distance education experienced more gender-based stress. They feared domestic violence and forced marriage. Some of them experienced various forms of domestic violence. Negative consequences of hiding included cognitive dissonance due to lying to their families, cognitive load, hiding dating violence, and not getting social support from their families. In addition, lying could lead to double living and creating two separate selves. The results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey has made gender inequalities within families more visible.
Exploring Mobile Health Clinics: A Scoping Review
Authors: Sabo Kathryn , Herring Esther , Clock Christopher , Bell Jessica G. , Reidy Patricia
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Mobile health clinics (MHC) have emerged as vital resources to enhance health care access for historically marginalized populations. Using the Arksey and O'Malley framework, this scoping review explores MHC programs, focusing on target populations, settings, services, professionals, and outcomes. The review was conducted through a comprehensive search of PubMed, CINAHL Complete, and EBSCO's Business Source Complete databases from 2017 to 2024. Thirty-eight relevant articles were identified. The review underscores the significance of setting, professional roles, and services offered by MHC programs, alongside highlighting key themes such as populations served, measured outcomes, and barriers/facilitators. It advocates for interprofessional collaboration beyond traditional clinics to provide inclusive care and bridge health care disparities. Beyond health care delivery, the review underscores the importance of interprofessional collaboration in addressing health inequities. The findings of this scoping review provide insights for designing and implementing effective mobile health services in underserved communities.
Experiencing Housing Instability in Rural North America and Access to Health Care and Supportive Services: A Scoping Review
Authors: Roncarati Jill S. , Cusack Meagan , True Gala , Browne Julia , Harris Taylor , deRussy Aerin , Tsai Jack , Elwy A. Rani , Byrne Thomas H. , Montgomery Ann Elizabeth
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Objective. We conducted a scoping review of 45 peer-reviewed articles to characterize the intersection of housing instability and homelessness, care, and services in rural North America. We sought gaps in literature related to geographically based health disparities among people experiencing housing instability and identify practices that may promote better health outcomes. We offer practical implications for health care and service provision for people experiencing housing instability in rural areas. Methods. We reviewed the literature and according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) standards. Results. We identified 45 articles matching the inclusion criteria for full-text review. Emerging themes included subpopulations and demographics, physical and behavioral health, and services. Conclusions. More information is needed on housing instability in rural settings such as housing instability among unsheltered individuals, Native Americans, and older persons. Solutions to end homelessness should consider tailoring resources and services to the rural context.
A Case Study of Community Dental Health Coordinator: Evaluating a Medical-Dental Collaboration to Address Barriers to Preventive Dental Care
Authors: Weisz Jessica , de la Torre Desiree , Tate Anupama Rao
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Background. Tooth decay is common, but low-income families have low rates of preventive oral health care. The American Dental Association community dental health coordinator (CDHC) model has successfully increased referrals to co-located dentists. Objective. To implement a CDHC to link families between the medical home and community dentists. Methods. The CDHC universally screened patients between 2-17 years of age during medical check-ups at two sites. Iterative plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles aim to increase screening, increase participants, and increase phone follow-up with families. When participation was low, family and provider focus groups were held. Results. The CDHC completed 2,933 intakes with 745 appointments made and 250 dental appointments attended. Focus group participants of patients and providers endorsed support for the program, but iterative PDSA cycles did not increase participation. Discussion. The generalizability of the CDHC model from referrals to internal, co-located dentists to external, community providers was not as successful as expected.
Racial Disparities in Mortality and Readmission Among COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Cao Aize , Fisher Arielle M. , Poland Russell E. , Gary Todd , Schnipper Jeffrey , Sands Kenneth
Published: February 2025

Abstract: We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate racial disparities among patients hospitalized for COVID-19 using electronic health records from a large community-based health care system between March 2020 and February 2021. The primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and 30-day readmission. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and socioeconomic factors were analyzed using logistic regression, with adjusted odds ratios (AOR) reported. The study identified 90,490 patients, including Hispanic (29%), White (45.5%), Black (17.3%), Asian (3.1%), and Others (4.1%). The mortality model demonstrated a strong performance with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.88 (95%CI=0.877–0.885) and a Brier score of 0.093 (95%CI=0.092–0.095). For the 30-day readmission model, the AUC was 0.726 (95%CI=0.717–0.734) with a Brier score of 0.091 (95%CI=0.088–0.093). Compared with Whites, Hispanics exhibited a higher risk of mortality (AOR=1.23; 95%CI=1.16–1.31) but a lower likelihood of readmission (AOR=0.89; 95%CI=0.83–0.97). These findings highlight the critical need for targeted health management strategies across different racial and ethnic groups.
Relationship between Safety-net Oral Health Care Practices and Income among American Indian/Alaska Native, Black, and Hispanic/Latino Dentists
Authors: Williams Jessica C. , Singhal Astha , Gates Paul , Jura Matthew , Mertz Elizabeth , Heaton Brenda
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Background. American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN), Black (B), and Hispanic/Latino (H/L) people are underrepresented in dentistry, yet disproportionately constitute the safety-net dental workforce. We examined the relationship between serving as safety-net providers (SNPs) and self-reported income. Methods. Using data from a 2012 national survey of AI/AN, B, and H/L dentists, we examined the relationship between being an SNP and income using linear regression, stratified by potential modifying factors. Results. In 2011, AI/AN, B, and H/L SNPs earned 82% of non-SNP income, even after considering traditional predictors of practice choice and income (race and educational debt), as well as practice trends (practice ownership and busyness). Discussion. Serving as a SNP may explain observed income differences between AI/AN, B, and H/L dentists and their non-SNP counterparts. Given that these dentists are more likely to practice in safety nets, practice choice may contribute to the observed racial income gap in dentistry.
Traumatic Stress Among Women who are Incarcerated: A Community Engaged Approach to Determining Needs and Opportunities for Intervention
Authors: Dickins Kirsten A. , Houlihan Mary Clare Kathleen , Kim Amy , Dixon Imani , Reed Monique , Karnik Niranjan S.
Published: February 2025

Abstract: The rate of increase at which women are incarcerated in the United States dramatically outpaces the rate of increase among men. Women frequently enter incarceration after facing extensive trauma and often suffer the consequences of unacknowledged and undertreated post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Yet, little is known regarding the types of traumas that women who are incarcerated (WI) experience, the types/magnitude of traumatic stress symptoms endured, or attitudes towards intervention. We sought to understand trauma experiences of WI (particularly those related to violent victimization), the degree of traumatic stress symptoms faced, and population-tailored opportunities for intervention. Via sequential mixed methods, we assessed trauma exposure and symptoms in 51 WI in two state prisons, then conducted 16 in-depth interviews. Participants universally reported exposure to traumatic life events, demonstrating collectively high PTSD symptom severity. Qualitatively, we deductively applied three main themes to interview data: trauma exposure, trauma responses, and recovery. Findings highlight the essential nature of trauma-focused service availability for WI.
Re-Evaluating the Medicaid Sterilization Consent Process
Authors: Abraham Cynthia
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Currently, individuals with federally-funded health insurance who desire sterilization are required to sign the Consent for Sterilization form (Title XIX form) at least 30 days before the date of the procedure. The form remains valid for 180 days with the only exceptions being cases in which emergency abdominal surgery or premature delivery is warranted. These tenets were constructed in response to public outcry over sterilization abuses that had occurred during the early 20th century. Although the intention of the Medicaid sterilization consent process lay in protecting the reproductive rights of individuals and preventing forced or coerced sterilization, the restrictions associated with the consent for sterilization currently serve as a barrier to access to care. This commentary is a call to modify the Medicaid sterilization consent form.
Making Correctional Health Care Education Integral to Health Care Training
Authors: Kemper Jennifer L. , Monroe Rasheeda T. , Zarzar Theodore R.
Published: February 2025

Abstract: A growing body of literature links incarceration to negative health outcomes for individuals, families, and communities, yet health care learners often have little structured training in this area. In the last several years, many health care training programs have incorporated or expanded equity-focused curricula for their learners but have not consistently provided training on the impact of incarceration. Given the disproportionate rates at which Black, Indigenous, and Latinx individuals are brought into the correctional system, the authors argue that a curriculum on incarceration is an integral part of health care training. In this commentary, the authors summarize the history of structural racism within the correctional system; discuss the impact of incarceration on individual, family, and community health; and suggest methods to expand didactic curricula and direct clinical experiences within carceral and post-release settings.
Rewriting the Canon: Nakajima Kyōko's FUTON as Contemporary Japanese Feminist Literature カノンの書
か
き換
か
え： 現代
げんだい
日本
にほん
フェミニズム文学
ぶんがく
として
の中島
なかじま
京子
きょうこ
作
さく
『FUTON』
Authors: Suzuki Michiko
Published: February 2025

Abstract: This essay explores Japanese woman writer Nakajima Kyōko's (b. 1964) debut novel, FUTON (2003) as a significant work of contemporary feminist literature. This text is a multilayered adaptation of Futon , a 1907 canonical novel by male author Tayama Katai (1871–1930), considered the most important example of Japanese Naturalism and a key work in the development of the I-novel (semi-autobiographical fiction). Featuring a male writer, Takenaka Tokio, and his unrequited desire for his live-in female apprentice, Futon has played a prominent role within the history of Japanese literature and literary criticism. Nakajima rewrites this work from the perspective of Tokio's wife, a marginal character who is unnamed in the original, and also creates a twenty-first-century version of the tale in which an American professor of Japanese literature is a Tokio-like protagonist. In FUTON , Nakajima uses the act of rewriting as a powerful feminist tool to highlight issues of sexual violence and trauma as well as misogyny, while underscoring blind spots within postwar literary critique. Nakajima's works have tended to be overlooked by scholars because they are perceived to be "popular fiction." This essay stresses the complex ways in which FUTON promotes a feminist worldview, challenging established views of the past as well as the present.
Mode-locked femtosecond vortex laser oscillator with tunable phase singularities
Authors: Chen Hongshan , Liu Hongyu , Yan Lisong , Li Dongfang , Zhang Shenao , Dai Kunjian , Wang Qing , Zhang Jinwei
Published: February 2025

Femtosecond vortex beams have become increasingly important in various fields such as advanced manufacturing, laser-matter interaction and optical communication. Here, we report the direct generation of femtosecond optical vortex beams with tunable phase singularities from a passive mode-locked Yb:KGW laser oscillator, without any additional optical phase elements. Stable, pure LG01 vortex pulses are delivered with an average power of 485 mW and a pulse duration of 247 fs. Moreover, tuning the angle between the laser and pumping beam results in the generation of complex vortex pulses with an average power of 244 mW and a pulse duration of 408 fs, which own two singularities in the phase structure with opposite chirality. This work demonstrates a simple and effective way to generate high-quality ultrafast optical vortex beams, which can be extended to other oscillators supporting higher order transverse modes as well as different spectral regions.
No detectable effect of urbanization on genetic drift or gene flow in specialist herbivorous insects of milkweed
Authors: Miles Lindsay S. , Carlen Elizabeth J. , Nassrullah Zain , Munshi-South Jason , Johnson Marc T. J.
Published: February 2025

Urbanization is hypothesized to isolate populations and restrict dispersal, leading to reduced genetic diversity and increased genetic differentiation. We tested this hypothesis in specialist herbivorous insects of milkweed, positing that higher dispersal ability would mitigate the negative effects of urbanization on genetic drift and gene flow, and that these effects would vary with city size. In this study, we collected 383 milkweed insects from urban and rural sites in Toronto, Canada, and five surrounding cities. Using ddRADseq, we generated 145,000 SPNs for monarchs, 10,000 SNPs for beetles, 6,000 SNPs for weevils to quantify genetic diversity, demographic history and population genetic structure. Contrary to our hypotheses, our results indicated no effect of urbanization or dispersal ability on diversity or genetic differentiation. Genetic diversity, measured as π, varied between 0.0013 and 0.0044 across species, with no urban vs. rural component, but with monarchs having >2 X higher diversity compared to beetles and weevils. Similarly, genetic differentiation was generally low, FST varying between 0.01 and 0.28, but there are no consistent trends among urban vs. rural samples for any of the three species. However, demographic analyses revealed a consistent decline in effective population size for all three sampled species, beginning around the last glacial maximum and intensifying over the past 1,000 years. Our findings suggest that both urbanization and dispersal ability have not been a major factor in reducing gene flow or increasing genetic drift among milkweed’s herbivorous insect populations. Instead, historical events such as climatic change since the last glacial maximum, and large-scale anthropogenic disturbance in general, have had a more pronounced impact on demography. These results highlight the importance of considering the combined effects of natural and anthropogenic long-term historical processes when studying population genetics in the context of urbanization.
A Csanádi Egyházmegye
Mária-ünnepe, 1948
Authors: Medgyesi Konstantin
Published: February 2025

The Diocese of Csanád’s Mary’s Day, held on 22-23 May 1948, became one of the largest mass events ever held in the diocese and the city of Makó. Different sources give different estimates of the number of participants, but it is certain that tens of thousands of people attended the event. Seven years before the arrest of Cardinal József Mindszenty, the event was a silent protest against the emerging communist dictatorship.