bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
European Windstorm Risk of Post‐Tropical Cyclones and the Impact of Climate Change
Authors: Haarsma Rein
Published: January 2021

Sainsbury et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL089853) highlighted the fact that although post‐tropical cyclones only consist of a small part of the cyclones impacting Northern Europe (∼1%) during the hurricane season, their contribution to storms with at least storm force (>25 m/s) is about 10 times larger and therefore pose a substantial windstorm risk for Northern Europe. Overall post‐TCs impacting Northern Europe are significantly more intense than midlatitude cyclones. This is related to their combined tropical (warm seawater) and midlatitude (baroclinic instability) energy source. A few studies have suggested that in a warmer climate the amount and intensity of post‐tropical cyclones might increase due to stronger tropical cyclones (TCs), warmer oceans, and pole and eastward extension of TC genesis regions. This would further enhance the windstorm risk of post‐TCs. Further high‐resolution modeling research is required to delineate this risk.
New Constraints on Slip Deficit on the Aleutian Megathrust and Inflation at Mt. Veniaminof, Alaska From Repeat GPS Measurements
Authors: Drooff Connor , Freymueller Jeffrey T.
Published: January 2021

We employ an enhanced data set of Global Positioning System (GPS) velocities to reassess the slip deficit along the plate interface of the Alaska‐Aleutian subduction zone. An examination of velocities of sites near Mt Veniaminof, located in the southwest Alaska Peninsula, shows that existing models for tectonic deformation do not accurately predict the local velocity field along this section of the peninsula. In a combined model, we solve for the volcanic inflation signal on the edifice of Mt. Veniaminof and reassess the variations in trench coupling outboard of the volcano. The interseismic deformation near Veniaminof and the eastern Shumagin islands requires an additional model segment with higher slip deficit than the western Shumagin islands. This segment appears to have been the main rupture patch of the 2020 M 7.9 Simeonof earthquake. The volcano inflated over the time period of 2005–2017, although at a lower rate than in 2002–2005.
Multiscale Legacy Responses of Soil Gas Concentrations to Soil Moisture and Temperature Fluctuations
Authors: Parolari Anthony J. , Sizemore Joseph , Katul Gabriel G.
Published: January 2021

The sensitivity of soil carbon dynamics to climate change is a major uncertainty in carbon cycle models. Of particular interest is the response of soil biogeochemical cycles to variability in hydroclimatic states and the related quantification of soil memory. Toward this goal, the power spectra of soil hydrologic and biogeochemical states were analyzed using measurements of soil temperature, moisture, oxygen, and carbon dioxide at two sites. Power spectra indicated multiscale power law scaling across subhourly to annual timescales. Precipitation fluctuations were most strongly expressed in the soil biogeochemical signals at monthly to annual timescales. Soil moisture and temperature fluctuations were comparable in strength at one site, while temperature was dominant at the other. The effect of soil hydrologic, thermal, and biogeochemical processes on gas concentration variability was evidenced by low spectral entropy relative to the white noise character of precipitation. A full mass balance model was unable to capture high‐frequency soil temperature influence, indicating a gap in commonly used model assumptions. A linearized model was shown to capture the main features of the observed and modeled gas concentration spectra and demonstrated how the means and variances of soil moisture and temperature interact to produce the gas concentration spectra. Breakpoints in the spectra corresponded to the mean rate of gas efflux, providing a first‐order estimate of the soil biogeochemical integral timescale (∼1 min). These methods can be used to identify biogeochemical system dynamics to develop robust, process‐based soil biogeochemistry models that capture variability in addition to long‐term mean values.
The Influence of Anisotropic Sediment Layer on Dissolved Oxygen Transfer in Turbulent Flows
Authors: Wang Kunpeng , Li Qingxiang , Zhou Quan , Dong Yuhong
Published: January 2021

The concentration and distribution of dissolved oxygen (DO) are critical to the self‐purification capacity of water and the survival of aquatic organisms, and they are important factors considered in the ecological balance system of water resources. In this work, the high‐Schmidt number DO transfer phenomenon in open channel flows with anisotropic sediment beds is studied using large eddy simulation. The volume‐averaged Navier‐Stokes equations coupled with the Monod equation is used to describe the in‐sediment flow and the sediment oxygen demand of micro‐organisms, so as to examine the transport characteristics of DO inside and outside the sediment layer. The effects of various permeable conditions of sediments (characterized by the anisotropy index of permeability, i.e., λ) on the distribution of DO concentration and flux, penetration depth, and mass transfer processes is studied by means of the time‐averaged statistics variations in flow and scalar fields. A larger anisotropy index λ is found can enhance the transport of DO from the water flowing into the sediment layer, which is caused by turbulent diffusions and turbulence bursting events. It suggests that the λ‐dependent distributions of the DO fluctuations and fluxes are highly correlated with the coherent structures in the turbulence over the sediment‐water interface (SWI). A key relationship between the Sherwood number and the anisotropy index is found by means of the current simulations and also is verified by our theoretical analysis. The dependence of λ on DO penetration depth is consistent with the hypothesis that coherent turbulence in the water column drives mass transport across the SWI.
The Met1-linked ubiquitin machinery in inflammation and infection
Authors: Fiil Berthe Katrine , Gyrd-Hansen Mads
Published: January 2021

Ubiquitination is an essential post-translational modification that regulates most cellular processes. The assembly of ubiquitin into polymeric chains by E3 ubiquitin ligases underlies the pleiotropic functions ubiquitin chains regulate. Ubiquitin chains assembled via the N-terminal methionine, termed Met1-linked ubiquitin chains or linear ubiquitin chains, have emerged as essential signalling scaffolds that regulate pro-inflammatory responses, anti-viral interferon responses, cell death and xenophagy of bacterial pathogens downstream of innate immune receptors. Met1-linked ubiquitin chains are exclusively assembled by the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex, LUBAC, and are disassembled by the deubiquitinases OTULIN and CYLD. Genetic defects that perturb the regulation of Met1-linked ubiquitin chains causes severe immune-related disorders, illustrating their potent signalling capacity. Here, we review the current knowledge about the cellular machinery that conjugates, recognises, and disassembles Met1-linked ubiquitin chains, and discuss the function of this unique posttranslational modification in regulating inflammation, cell death and immunity to pathogens.
Structure of a microtubule-bound axonemal dynein
Authors: Walton Travis , Wu Hao , Brown Alan
Published: January 2021

Axonemal dyneins are tethered to doublet microtubules inside cilia to drive ciliary beating, a process critical for cellular motility and extracellular fluid flow. Axonemal dyneins are evolutionarily and biochemically distinct from cytoplasmic dyneins that transport cargo, and the mechanisms regulating their localization and function are poorly understood. Here, we report a single-particle cryo-EM reconstruction of a three-headed axonemal dynein natively bound to doublet microtubules isolated from cilia. The slanted conformation of the axonemal dynein causes interaction of its motor domains with the neighboring dynein complex. Our structure shows how a heterotrimeric docking complex specifically localizes the linear array of axonemal dyneins to the doublet microtubule by directly interacting with the heavy chains. Our structural analysis establishes the arrangement of conserved heavy, intermediate and light chain subunits, and provides a framework to understand the roles of individual subunits and the interactions between dyneins during ciliary waveform generation.
Distinct mechanisms control genome recognition by p53 at its target genes linked to different cell fates
Authors: Farkas Marina , Hashimoto Hideharu , Bi Yingtao , Davuluri Ramana V. , Resnick-Silverman Lois , Manfredi James J. , Debler Erik W. , McMahon Steven B.
Published: January 2021

The tumor suppressor p53 integrates stress response pathways by selectively engaging one of several potential transcriptomes, thereby triggering cell fate decisions (e.g., cell cycle arrest, apoptosis). Foundational to this process is the binding of tetrameric p53 to 20-bp response elements (REs) in the genome (RRRCWWGYYYN0-13RRRCWWGYYY). In general, REs at cell cycle arrest targets (e.g. p21) are of higher affinity than those at apoptosis targets (e.g., BAX). However, the RE sequence code underlying selectivity remains undeciphered. Here, we identify molecular mechanisms mediating p53 binding to high- and low-affinity REs by showing that key determinants of the code are embedded in the DNA shape. We further demonstrate that differences in minor/major groove widths, encoded by G/C or A/T bp content at positions 3, 8, 13, and 18 in the RE, determine distinct p53 DNA-binding modes by inducing different Arg248 and Lys120 conformations and interactions. The predictive capacity of this code was confirmed in vivo using genome editing at the BAX RE to interconvert the DNA-binding modes, transcription pattern, and cell fate outcome.
Molecular determinants and mechanism for antibody cocktail preventing SARS-CoV-2 escape
Authors: Ku Zhiqiang , Xie Xuping , Davidson Edgar , Ye Xiaohua , Su Hang , Menachery Vineet D. , Li Yize , Yuan Zihao , Zhang Xianwen , Muruato Antonio E. , i Escuer Ariadna Grinyo , Tyrell Breanna , Doolan Kyle , Doranz Benjamin J. , Wrapp Daniel , Bates Paul F. , McLellan Jason S. , Weiss Susan R. , Zhang Ningyan , Shi Pei-Yong , An Zhiqiang
Published: January 2021

Antibody cocktails represent a promising approach to prevent SARS-CoV-2 escape. The determinants for selecting antibody combinations and the mechanism that antibody cocktails prevent viral escape remain unclear. We compared the critical residues in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) used by multiple neutralizing antibodies and cocktails and identified a combination of two antibodies CoV2-06 and CoV2-14 for preventing viral escape. The two antibodies simultaneously bind to non-overlapping epitopes and independently compete for receptor binding. SARS-CoV-2 rapidly escapes from individual antibodies by generating resistant mutations in vitro, but it doesn’t escape from the cocktail due to stronger mutational constraints on RBD-ACE2 interaction and RBD protein folding requirements. We also identified a conserved neutralizing epitope shared between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV for antibody CoV2-12. Treatments with CoV2-06 and CoV2-14 individually and in combination confer protection in mice. These findings provide insights for rational selection and mechanistic understanding of antibody cocktails as candidates for treating COVID-19.
High-fidelity DNA ligation enforces accurate Okazaki fragment maturation during DNA replication
Authors: Williams Jessica S. , Tumbale Percy P. , Arana Mercedes E. , Rana Julian A. , Williams R. Scott , Kunkel Thomas A.
Published: January 2021

DNA ligase 1 (LIG1, Cdc9 in yeast) finalizes eukaryotic nuclear DNA replication by sealing Okazaki fragments using DNA end-joining reactions that strongly discriminate against incorrectly paired DNA substrates. Whether intrinsic ligation fidelity contributes to the accuracy of replication of the nuclear genome is unknown. Here, we show that an engineered low-fidelity LIG1Cdc9 variant confers a novel mutator phenotype in yeast typified by the accumulation of single base insertion mutations in homonucleotide runs. The rate at which these additions are generated increases upon concomitant inactivation of DNA mismatch repair, or by inactivation of the Fen1Rad27 Okazaki fragment maturation (OFM) nuclease. Biochemical and structural data establish that LIG1Cdc9 normally avoids erroneous ligation of DNA polymerase slippage products, and this protection is compromised by mutation of a LIG1Cdc9 high-fidelity metal binding site. Collectively, our data indicate that high-fidelity DNA ligation is required to prevent insertion mutations, and that this may be particularly critical following strand displacement synthesis during the completion of OFM.
STIM-Orai1 signaling regulates fluidity of cytoplasm during membrane blebbing
Authors: Aoki Kana , Harada Shota , Kawaji Keita , Matsuzawa Kenji , Uchida Seiichi , Ikenouchi Junichi
Published: January 2021

The cytoplasm in mammalian cells is considered homogeneous. In this study, we report that the cytoplasmic fluidity is regulated in the blebbing cells; the cytoplasm of rapidly expanding membrane blebs is more disordered than the cytoplasm of retracting blebs. The increase of cytoplasmic fluidity in the expanding bleb is caused by a sharp rise in the calcium concentration. The STIM-Orai1 pathway regulates this rapid and restricted increase of calcium in the expanding blebs. Conversely, activated ERM protein binds to Orai1 to inhibit the store-operated calcium entry in retracting blebs, which results in decreased in cytoplasmic calcium, rapid reassembly of the actin cortex.
Fast micro-computed tomography data of solute transport in porous media with different heterogeneity levels
Authors: Van Offenwert Stefanie , Cnudde Veerle , Boone Marijn , Bultreys Tom
Published: January 2021

Solute transport processes are influenced by pore-scale heterogeneity. To study this, transient micron-scale solute concentration fields were imaged by fast laboratory-based X-ray micro-computed tomography. We performed tracer injection experiments in three types of porous material with increasing levels of heterogeneity (sintered glass, Bentheimer sandstone and Savonnières limestone). Different Peclet numbers were used during the experiments. For each sample and Peclet number, datasets of 40 to 74 3D images were acquired by continuous scanning with a voxel size of 13.4 to 14.6 µm and a temporal resolution of 15 to 12 seconds. To determine the measurement uncertainty on the obtained concentration fields, we performed calibration experiments under similar circumstances (temporal resolution of 12 seconds and voxel size of 13.0 µm). Here, we provide a systematic description of the data acquisition and processing and make all data, a total of 464 tomograms, publicly available. The combined dataset offers new opportunities to study the influence of pore-scale heterogeneity on solute transport, and to validate pore-scale simulations of this process in increasingly complex samples.
Antibacterial apple cider vinegar eradicates methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and resistant Escherichia coli
Authors: Yagnik Darshna , Ward Malcolm , Shah Ajit J.
Published: January 2021

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and resistant Escherichia coli (rE.coli) infections can spread rapidly. Further they are associated with high morbidity and mortality from treatment failure. Therapy involves multiple rounds of ineffective antibiotics alongside unwanted side effects, alternative treatments are crucial. Apple cider vinegar (ACV) is a natural, vegan product that has been shown to have powerful antimicrobial activity hence we investigated whether ACV could ameliorate these resistant bacteria. The minimum dilution of ACV required for growth inhibition was comparable for both bacteria (1/25 dilution of ACV liquid and ACV tablets at 200 µg/ml were effective against rE. coli and MRSA). Monocyte co-culture with microbes alongside ACV resulted in an increase in monocyte phagocytosis by 21.2% and 33.5% compared to non-ACV treated but MRSA or rE. coli stimulated monocytes, respectively. Label free quantitative proteomic studies of microbial protein extracts demonstrated that ACV penetrated microbial cell membranes and organelles, altering the expression of key proteins. This resulted in significant reductions in total protein expression, moreover we could only detect ribosomal proteins; 50 s 30 s, enolase, phosphenol pyruvate and the ATP synthase subunit in rE. coli. Elongation factor iNOS and phosphoglycerate kinase OS were the only proteins present in MRSA samples following ACV treatment.
Identification of the raw and processed Crataegi Fructus based on the electronic nose coupled with chemometric methods
Authors: Fei Chenghao , Ren Chenchen , Wang Yulin , Li Lin , Li Weidong , Yin Fangzhou , Lu Tulin , Yin Wu
Published: January 2021

Crataegi Fructus (CF) is widely used as a medicinal and edible material around the world. Currently, different types of processed CF products are commonly found in the market. Quality evaluation of them mainly relies on chemical content determination, which is time and money consuming. To rapidly and nondestructively discriminate different types of processed CF products, an electronic nose coupled with chemometrics was developed. The odour detection method of CF was first established by single-factor investigation. Then, the sensor array was optimised by a stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Based on the best-optimised sensor array, the digital and mode standard were established, realizing the odour quality control of samples. Meanwhile, mathematical prediction models including the discriminant formula and back-propagation neural network (BPNN) model exhibited good evaluation with a high accuracy rate. These results suggest that the developed electronic nose system could be an alternative way for evaluating the odour of different types of processed CF products.
Aldehyde-specific responses of olfactory sensory neurons in the praying mantis
Authors: Ezaki Kota , Yamashita Takashi , Carle Thomas , Watanabe Hidehiro , Yokohari Fumio , Yamawaki Yoshifumi
Published: January 2021

Although praying mantises rely mainly on vision for predatory behaviours, olfaction also plays a critical role in feeding and mating behaviours. However, the receptive processes underlying olfactory signals remain unclear. Here, we identified olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) that are highly tuned to detect aldehydes in the mantis Tenodera aridifolia. In extracellular recordings from OSNs in basiconic sensilla on the antennae, we observed three different spike shapes, indicating that at least three OSNs are housed in a single basiconic sensillum. Unexpectedly, one of the three OSNs exhibited strong excitatory responses to a set of aldehydes. Based on the similarities of the response spectra to 15 different aldehydes, the aldehyde-specific OSNs were classified into three classes: B, S, and M. Class B broadly responded to most aldehydes used as stimulants; class S responded to short-chain aldehydes (C3–C7); and class M responded to middle-length chain aldehydes (C6–C9). Thus, aldehyde molecules can be finely discriminated based on the activity patterns of a population of OSNs. Because many insects emit aldehydes for pheromonal communication, mantises might use aldehydes as olfactory cues for locating prey habitat.
Publisher Correction: Estimating and explaining the spread of COVID-19 at the county level in the USA
Authors: Ives Anthony R. , Bozzuto Claudio
Published: January 2021

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-01679-0.
Colorimetric analysis of extracellular vesicle surface proteins based on controlled growth of Au aptasensors
Authors: Wang Xiaojie , Yuan Xinxin , Fu Kexin , Liu Chang , Bai Lu , Wang Xinchao , Tan Xiaoyue , Zhang Yuying
Published: January 2021

A sensitive, simple, rapid and wash-free colorimetric assay for detection of surface proteins in extracellular vesicles is presented, with a limit of detection down to 0.7 ng μL−1 against MCF-7 cell-derived extracellular vesicles.
Two-dimensional arsenene polymorph beyond the auxetic foam: high mechanical sensitivity and large, negative NPR
Authors: Gao Yifan , Wen Minru , Wang Shaoxiong , Yu Hao , Zhang Xin , Wu Fugen , Dong Huafeng
Published: January 2021

Single-layer δ-As and γ-P have unique atomic arrangement, which belong to the Pmc21 and Pbcm space groups, respectively.
3D printing of functional microrobots
Authors: Li Jinhua , Pumera Martin
Published: January 2021

3D printing can enable the customized design and fabrication of microrobots for a wide range of functional applications.
The sunlight-promoted aerobic selective cyclization of olefinic amides and diselenides
Authors: Hua Jiawei , Bian Mixue , Ma Tao , Yang Man , He Wei , Yang Zhao , Liu ChengKou , Fang Zheng , Guo Kai
Published: January 2021

A novel sunlight-promoted approach for the selective synthesis of selenated iminoisobenzofurans or isoindolinones via the aerobic O-cyclization or N-cyclization of olefinic amides with diselenides has been developed.
Pyrene-containing conjugated organic microporous polymers for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed Gamal , Elsayed Mohamed Hammad , Elewa Ahmed M. , EL-Mahdy Ahmed F. M. , Yang Cheng-Han , Mohammed Ahmed A. K. , Chou Ho-Hsiu , Kuo Shiao-Wei
Published: January 2021

Pyrene based conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) as photocatalysts with promising H2 production efficiencies and very high stability.
Enhanced lithium storage performance of porous Si/C composite anodes using a recrystallized NaCl template
Authors: Hong Ye , Dong Haiyong , Li Jianhong , Hu Qianqian , Tang Zilong , Ouyang Jian , Wang Xiaojun , Xiang Dan
Published: January 2021

A novel Si/C composite exhibits enhanced lithium storage performance benefiting from the combination of outermost carbon coating and a recrystallized NaCl-derived porous structure.
Enrichment of uranium from wastewater with nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI)
Authors: Hua Yilong , Wang Wei , Hu Nan , Gu Tianhang , Ling Lan , Zhang Wei-xian
Published: January 2021

The core–shell structured nZVI not only can separate U(vi) from tailings wastewater, but also can enrich U in core area. Removal mechanisms include encapsulation, reduction, adsorption and precipitation.
Predicting the adsorption of organic pollutants on boron nitride nanosheets via in silico techniques: DFT computations and QSAR modeling
Authors: Wang Ya , Tang Weihao , Peng Yue , Chen Zhongfang , Chen Jingwen , Xiao Zijun , Zhao Xiaoguang , Qu Yakun , Li Junhua
Published: January 2021

Four quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models were developed for predicting the log K values of organic pollutants adsorbed onto boron nitride nanosheets in gaseous and aqueous environments.
The role of surface oxidation and Fe–Ni synergy in Fe–Ni–S catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation
Authors: Mitchell Claire E. , Santos-Carballal David , Beale Andrew M. , Jones Wilm , Morgan David J. , Sankar Meenakshisundaram , de Leeuw Nora H.
Published: January 2021

A partially oxidised Fe–Ni–S catalyst efficiently converts carbon dioxide and hydrogen into formate species under liquid phase alkaline conditions.
Modulation of the gut microbiota by probiotics and symbiotics is associated with changes in serum metabolite profile related to a decrease in inflammation and overall benefits to metabolic health: a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial in women with obesity
Authors: Crovesy Louise , El-Bacha Tatiana , Rosado Eliane Lopes
Published: January 2021

Modulation of the gut microbiota may help treating obesity by improving host metabolic health.
Impact of pH changes on metal oxide nanoparticle behaviour during artificial digestion
Authors: Schneider Thomas , Mittag Anna , Westermann Martin , Glei Michael
Published: January 2021

The properties of orally ingested nanoparticles can be influenced by the conditions prevailing in the digestive tract. The influence of the pH value on the fate of metal oxide nanoparticles was demonstrated using a simplified digestion approach.
Sequential acid-catalyzed alkyl glycosylation and oligomerization of unprotected carbohydrates
Authors: Spitzer Lea , Lecommandoux Sébastien , Cramail Henri , Jérôme François
Published: January 2021

Propargyl-polyglycosides were obtained in a one-pot/two-step reaction, providing an access to amphiphilic molecules.
Organometallic ruthenium (η6-p-cymene) complexes interfering with quorum sensing and biofilm formation: an anti-infective approach to combat multidrug-resistance in bacteria
Authors: Usman Mohammad , Husain Fohad Mabood , Khan Rais Ahmad , Alharbi Walaa , Alsalme Ali , Al-Lohedan Hamad A. , Tabassum Sartaj
Published: January 2021

Organometallic ruthenium complexes of flavonoids as antiquorum sensing agents against pathogens likeChromobacterium violaceumATCC 12472,Pseudomonas aeruginosaPAO1 and methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA).
Sulfonimidesversusketosulfonamides as epoxidized imidazolium counterions: towards a new generation of ionic liquid monomers
Authors: Chardin C. , Durand A. , Jarsalé K. , Rouden J. , Livi S. , Baudoux J.
Published: January 2021

Ionic liquid monomers with various sulfonimides or ketosulfonamides as unprecedented counteranions of imidazolium ILs were submitted to the Prilezhaev reaction and the intrinsic properties of these new epoxy monomers was unveiled.
Unique reactivity of an α-ketiminopyridine ligand with metal–alkyls: Synthesis and ROP of ε-caprolactone
Authors: Novák Miroslav , Jambor Roman , Růžičková Zdeňka , Podzimek Štěpán
Published: January 2021

The reaction of an α-ketimininopyridine ligand 2-((Me)CN(C6H3-2,6-iPr2))-6-(OMe)C5H3N (L1) with metal–alkyls, such as MeLi, Et2Zn, Me3Al and Me2AlCl, was studied.
Exploring urine biomarkers of early health effects for occupational exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles using metabolomics
Authors: Chen Zhangjian , Han Shuo , Zhang Jiahe , Zheng Pai , Liu Xiaodong , Zhang Yuanyuan , Jia Guang
Published: January 2021

The present study found that urine metabolites represented by dibenzyl ether are good biomarkers of early health effects for occupational exposure to TiO2nanoparticles.
Diterpenoids with an unprecedented ring system from Euphorbia peplus and their activities in the lysosomal-autophagy pathway
Authors: Chen Yan-Ni , Ding Xiao , Li Dong-Mei , Sun Mao , Yang Lei , Zhang Yu , Di Ying-Tong , Fang Xin , Hao Xiao-Jiang
Published: January 2021

Three jatrophane diterpenes with an unprecedented ditetrahydropyran 5/5/5/11 tetracyclic ring system and activity in inducing lysosomal biogenesis were isolated from the seeds of Euphorbia peplus.
Efficient white light-emitting polymers from dual thermally activated delayed fluorescence chromophores for non-doped solution processed white electroluminescent devices
Authors: Khammultri Praetip , Kitisriworaphan Wipaporn , Chasing Pongsakorn , Namuangruk Supawadee , Sudyoadsuk Taweesak , Promarak Vinich
Published: January 2021

Conjugated TADF copolymers comprised of two TADF molecules linked with carbazole exhibited stable pure white emission from non-doped OLEDs with CIE coordinates (0.32, 0.35), a maximum luminance efficiency of 9.13 cd A−1, and a maximum EQE of 4.17%.
Growth of macroporous TiO2on B-doped g-C3N4nanosheets: a Z-scheme photocatalyst for H2O2production and phenol oxidation under visible light
Authors: Behera Arjun , Babu Pradeepta , Parida Kulamani
Published: January 2021

BCN/TiO2 heterostructured photocatalyst was demonstrated towards H2O2 production and phenol oxidation under visible light, based on Z-scheme and p–n heterojunction mechanism.
Heterojunction-induced nickel-based oxygen vacancies on N-enriched porous carbons for enhanced alkaline hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction
Authors: Ren Jin-Tao , Yuan Zhong-Yong
Published: January 2021

In situ-formed nickel/nickel oxide heterostructures coupled with N-doped graphitic carbon significantly promote the hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions in alkaline water.
Synergistic improvements in the performance and stability of inverted planar MAPbI3-based perovskite solar cells incorporating benzylammonium halide salt additives
Authors: Chen Hung-Cheng , Lan Jie-Min , Hsu Hsiang-Lin , Li Chia-Wei , Shieh Tien-Shou , Wong Ken-Tsung , Chen Chih-Ping
Published: January 2021

Three different benzylammonium halide (Cl, Br, and I) salts were investigated to elucidate their effects as additives on MAPbI3 perovskite surface morphology, crystal structure, optical properties, and solar cell performance and stability.
Organocatalytic regio-, diastereo- and enantioselective γ-additions of isoxazol-5(4H)-ones to β,γ-alkynyl-α-imino esters for the synthesis of axially chiral tetrasubstituted α-amino allenoates
Authors: Li Fushuai , Liang Shuai , Luan Yepeng , Chen Xuling , Zhao Hanhui , Huang Anqi , Li Pengfei , Li Wenjun
Published: January 2021

The chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed regio-, diastereo- and enantioselective reaction of isoxazol-5(4H)-ones with β,γ-alkynyl-α-imino esters has been developed.
Microbubble enhanced mass transfer efficiency of CO2 capture utilizing aqueous triethanolamine for enzymatic resorcinol carboxylation
Authors: Ohde Daniel , Thomas Benjamin , Matthes Simon , Tanaka Shunya , Bubenheim Paul , Terasaka Koichi , Schlüter Michael , Liese Andreas
Published: January 2021

An inline method to investigate microbubble enhanced mass transfer and its effect on a model biocatalyst utilizing CO2 for carboxylation.
The lattice reconstruction of Cs-introduced FAPbI1.80Br1.20 enables improved stability for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Chen Shuang , Pan Lu , Ye Tao , Lei Nuo , Yang Yijun , Wang Xi
Published: January 2021

The Cs0.15FA0.85PbI1.80Br1.20 perovskite shows excellent structural stability, while 15% Cs+ can reduce specific traps such as Pb0 and I0.
First cycloruthenation of 2-alkenylpyridines: synthesis, characterization and properties
Authors: Wu Yuhao , Su Xianlong , Xie Chaoyi , Hu Rongrong , Li Xianghong , Zhao Qiang , Zheng Guoli , Yan Junkun
Published: January 2021

Five cycloruthenated 2-(alkenyl)pyridine derivatives and their protonated species without the release of cyclometalating ligands were first captured.
Can a gas phase contact ion pair containing a hydrocarbon carbocation be formed in the ground state?
Authors: Araújo José R. , de Andrade Railton B. , Batista Hélcio J. , Ventura Elizete , do Monte Silmar A.
Published: January 2021

So far, no conclusive evidence of a ground-state contact ion-pair containing a hydrocarbon carbocation has been given in the gas phase.
Deep eutectic solvents: alternative reaction media for organic oxidation reactions
Authors: Di Carmine Graziano , Abbott Andrew P. , D'Agostino Carmine
Published: January 2021

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a valid alternative to common organic solvents and ionic liquids (ILs) as solvent media for organic oxidation reactions.
Mechanochemical reactivity inhibited, prohibited and reversed by liquid additives: examples from crystal-form screens
Authors: Arhangelskis Mihails , Bučar Dejan-Krešimir , Bordignon Simone , Chierotti Michele R. , Stratford Samuel A. , Voinovich Dario , Jones William , Hasa Dritan
Published: January 2021

Liquid additives can exert catalytic, inhibitive or prohibitive effects on the mechanochemical formation of multi-component molecular crystals.
Facile synthesis of axially chiral styrene-type carboxylic acids via palladium-catalyzed asymmetric C–H activation
Authors: Yang Chi , Wu Tian-Rui , Li Yan , Wu Bing-Bing , Jin Ruo-Xing , Hu Duo-Duo , Li Yuan-Bo , Bian Kang-Jie , Wang Xi-Sheng
Published: January 2021

Palladium-catalyzed asymmetric C–H functionalization to yield axially chiral styrene-type carboxylic acids is described, in which axial chirality and sterically hindered group were incorporated in one-step.
Kinetics of self-assembly of inclusions due to lipid membrane thickness interactions
Authors: Liao Xinyu , Purohit Prashant K.
Published: January 2021

Self-assembly of proteins on lipid membranes underlies many important processes in cell biology, such as, exo- and endo-cytosis, assembly of viruses,etc.
Interfacial behaviour of β-lactoglobulin aggregates at the oil–water interface studied using particle tracking and dilatational rheology
Authors: Yang Nan , Ye Jing , Li Jing , Hu Bing , Leheny Robert L. , Nishinari Katsuyoshi , Fang Yapeng
Published: January 2021

From particle tracking microrheology and dilatational rheology, it was found that β-lg thermal aggregates adsorb faster than native β-lg forming interfacial films with a higher elasticity, and they have a stronger ability to resist bile salt substitution.
Retraction: Overexpression of PCDH8 inhibits proliferation and invasion, and induces apoptosis in papillary thyroid cancer cells
Authors: Fisher Laura
Published: January 2021

Retraction of ‘Overexpression of PCDH8 inhibits proliferation and invasion, and induces apoptosis in papillary thyroid cancer cells’ by Liang Chang et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 18030–18037, DOI: 10.1039/C8RA02291G.
Retraction: Resveratrol attenuates inflammation and reduces matrix-metalloprotease expression by inducing autophagy via suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in IL-1β-induced osteoarthritis chondrocytes
Authors: Fisher Laura
Published: January 2021

Retraction of ‘Resveratrol attenuates inflammation and reduces matrix-metalloprotease expression by inducing autophagy via suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in IL-1β-induced osteoarthritis chondrocytes’ by Ci Li et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 20202–20210, DOI: 10.1039/C8RA00993G.
Retraction: MiR-182-5p and miR-96-5p increased hepatocellular carcinoma cell mobility, proliferation and cisplatin resistance partially by targeting RND3
Authors: Fisher Laura
Published: January 2021

Retraction of ‘MiR-182-5p and miR-96-5p increased hepatocellular carcinoma cell mobility, proliferation and cisplatin resistance partially by targeting RND3’ by Shiming Yang et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 34973–34983, DOI: 10.1039/C8RA07055E.
Revealing mechanism of Caulis Sargentodoxae for the treatment of ulcerative colitis based on network pharmacology approach
Authors: Liu Bin , Zheng Xin , Li Jiajun , Li Xiong , Wu Ruimei , Yang Jing , Liu Wei , Zhao Gaoping
Published: January 2021

Objective: The traditional Chinese medicine Caulis Sargentodoxae is widely used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC), but the mechanism remains unknown. The present study aims to reveal its effective components, targets and pathways through network pharmacology and bioinformatics approaches.

Materials and methods: Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) was used to identify effective components. The ligand-based targets prediction was achieved through SwissTargetPrediction and TargetNet. UC-related targets were identified using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data and DisGeNET. The common targets of disease and components were constructed and analyzed by PPI network. Lastly, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses are used to explain the functions of these common targets. Components-Targets-Pathways network was visualized and analyzed to further reveal the connection between the components and targets.

Results: Eight active components and 102 key targets were identified to play an important role in UC. These targets were related to regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity, positive regulation of cell motility, response to molecule of bacterial origin, response to toxic substance, ERK1 and ERK2 cascade, peptidyl-tyrosine modification, inositol lipid-mediated signaling, cellular response to drug, regulation of inflammatory response and leukocyte migration. Moreover, HIF-1 signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway were the key targets involved in UC-related signaling pathways.

Conclusion: The eight active components of Caulis Sargentodoxae mainly play a therapeutic role for UC through synergistic regulation of HIF-1 signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.
Differences Between Female Singers With Phonotrauma and Vocally Healthy Matched Controls in Singing and Speaking Voice Use During 1 Week of Ambulatory Monitoring
Authors: Toles Laura E. , Ortiz Andrew J. , Marks Katherine L. , Burns James A. , Hron Tiffiny , Van Stan Jarrad H. , Mehta Daryush D. , Hillman Robert E.
Published: January 2021

Purpose

Previous ambulatory voice monitoring studies have included many singers and have combined speech and singing in the analyses. This study applied a singing classifier to the ambulatory recordings of singers with phonotrauma and healthy controls to determine if analyzing speech and singing separately would reveal voice use differences that could provide new insights into the etiology and pathophysiology of phonotrauma in this at-risk population.

Method

Forty-two female singers with phonotrauma (vocal fold nodules or polyps) and 42 healthy matched controls were monitored using an ambulatory voice monitor. Weeklong statistics (average, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis) for sound pressure level (SPL), fundamental frequency, cepstral peak prominence, the magnitude ratio of the first two harmonics (

H
1
–H
2

), and three vocal dose measures were computed from the neck surface acceleration signal and separated into singing and speech using a singing classifier.

Results

Mixed analysis of variance models found expected differences between singing and speech in each voice parameter, except SPL kurtosis. SPL skewness, SPL kurtosis, and all

H
1
–H
2

distributional parameters differentiated patients and controls when singing and speech were combined. Interaction effects were found in

H
1
–H
2

kurtosis and all vocal dose measures. Patients had significantly higher vocal doses in speech compared to controls.

Conclusions

Consistent with prior work, the pathophysiology of phonotrauma in singers is characterized by more abrupt/complete glottal closure (decreased mean and variation for

H
1
–H
2

) and increased laryngeal forces (negatively skewed SPL distribution) during phonation. Application of a singing classifier to weeklong data revealed that singers with phonotrauma spent more time speaking on a weekly basis, but not more time singing, compared to controls. Results are used as a basis for hypothesizing about the role of speaking voice in the etiology of phonotraumatic vocal hyperfunction in singers.
Temperament and the Impact of Stuttering in Children Aged 8–14 Years
Authors: Eggers Kurt , Millard Sharon , Kelman Elaine
Published: January 2021

Purpose

The goal of this study was to evaluate possible associations between child- and mother-reported temperament, stuttering severity, and child-reported impact of stuttering in school-age children who stutter.

Method

Participants were 123 children who stutter (94 boys and 29 girls) who were between 9;0 and 14;10 (years;months) and their mothers. Temperament was assessed with the revised child and parent version of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire–Revised (Ellis & Rothbart, 2001). The Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering (Yaruss & Quesal, 2006) was used to evaluate the stuttering impact.

Results

Child- and mother-reported Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire–Revised temperament factors correlated moderately. No statistically significant associations were found between temperament and stuttering severity. The temperament factors of Surgency (both child- and mother-reported) and Negative Affect (only child-reported) correlated moderately with the Overall Impact and several subsections (i.e., Speaker's Reactions, Daily Communication, and/or Quality of Life) of the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering.

Conclusions

More extraverted and less fearful/shy children experience a lower overall impact of their stuttering. Children with higher levels of irritability and frustration experience a higher overall impact of their stuttering. Since children's ratings of temperament were more sensitive to these associations than mothers, this study supports the inclusion of child-reported temperament questionnaires in future research.
Hard exudate segmentation in retinal image with attention mechanism
Authors: Si Ze , Fu Dongmei , Liu Yang , Huang Zhicheng
Published: January 2021

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the main reason that causes preventable blindness. Hard exudate is one of the earliest signs of diabetic retinopathy. Precise detection of hard exudate is helpful for the early diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy. Fully convolutional network (FCN) shows great performance on hard exudate segmentation task. However, there are limitations for fully convolutional network to build long‐range dependencies in different regions of the image. Convolution operator extract features in local area, segmentation results based on local features are likely to be wrong in some cases. Another channel attention method was proposed, and two different attention modules are used in the segmentation model. In this way, long‐range dependencies across different image regions are built efficiently in different stages of feature extraction. In addition, a new loss function is designed to deal with the data imbalance problem in hard exudate segmentation task. The proposed method was evaluated by two public datasets, and the comparative experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Coming to terms with Fukushima disaster-related trauma and earlier trauma by constructing a new identity. About a case
Authors: Hori A.
Published: January 2021

The incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety generally increases after disasters, and the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and nuclear power plant accident were no exception. Psychological first aid providers who deliver interventions to address mental health issues do not emphasize psychiatric expertise, but instead go into the field to help residents rebuild and stabilize their daily lives and provide a link between them and supporters. When psychiatric problems do not improve with such interventions and persist for more than a few years, specialized psychiatric interventions are considered. Past studies have examined the experience of prolonged exposure therapy (a specialized cognitive behavioral therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder) among survivors of the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident. The participant in this study was a survivor who was evacuated from the nuclear power plant accident but had experienced multiple traumas and had been a victim of domestic violence before the disaster. Recovery in this case did not involve a simple psychiatric treatment for trauma, but rather a process of overcoming the values that caused indulgence in victimization to form a new identity.
Gestão dos Terrenos Comunitários. Análise dos Planos de Utilização dos Baldios
Authors: Skulska Iryna , do Loreto Monteiro Maria , Rego Francisco Castro
Published: January 2021

Os terrenos comunitários (baldios) ocupam atualmente cerca de meio milhão de hectares em Portugal continental e constituem um património valioso e um importante espaço agroflorestal. Em 1976, os baldios foram devolvidos às comunidades rurais após décadas de ocupação pelo Estado Novo e reflorestação sob o Regime Florestal.

Em 2007, entre a Direcção-Geral dos Recursos Florestais e as principais federações florestais com intervenção nos baldios foi assinado um protocolo para a elaboração de Planos de Utilização dos Baldios (PUB), tendo vindo a ser produzidos 830 planos. Entre 2016 e 2019 toda a informação, relacionada com os PUB foi recolhida para organização de uma base de dados com 664 planos, bem como para o procedimento de análise estatística com o objetivo de comparar as quatro principais modalidades de gestão dos baldios.

Os resultados obtidos permitiram caracterizar as florestas comunitárias. A maior parte das áreas florestais baldias estavam administradas em cogestão com o Estado verificando-se que, em todas as modalidades de gestão analisadas, a produção florestal prevalece como uma das principais aptidões e estratégias. A maioria destas florestas é composta por coníferas, apontando-se o interesse da conversão para florestas mistas. Os PUB permitiram também conhecer muitas outras características dos baldios e da sua gestão e forneceram indicações diversas sobre o potencial destas áreas para o desenvolvimento de novas atividades económicas.
Polyterpene Resisns: Part I – A Brief Historical Review
Authors: Soares Andreia , Pestana Miguel
Published: January 2021

The terpenic resins are polymers of low molecular weight hydrocarbons, obtained by cationic polymerization of terpenes. These products are used in the adhesives, sealants and wax coating industries.

Commercial adhesive resins are prepared from monoterpenes -the main ones are α-pinene, β-pinene and dipentene.

The softening point and molecular weight of polyterpene resins are critical for their main use (adherence).

Its adhesive behavior results from the relationship of the softening point with the molecular weight.

At the commercial level, polyterpene resins are produced by polymerization of terpene monomers. Batch and continuous systems are used.

The composition of an adhesive requires a wide knowledge of the materials available and the specific requirements of its application.

The most common types of adhesives are Pressure Sensitive Adhesives, Hot-melt Adhesives and Structural Adhesives.
Diet of a Southweatern Most Population of Montagu’s Harrier (Ciercus pygargus) in the Palearctic
Authors: Onofre Nuno
Published: January 2021

Data on Montagu’s Harrier biology was gathered in 1992 during a broader survey on birds of prey in the region of Castro Verde, during which pellets and prey remains were harvested in order to study their diet. Main land-use of the study area was extensive cereal crops with fallow fields. A total of 143 pellets collected in perches were analyzed and 1351 items were counted. Invertebrates were the main prey in number (97.2%) and biomass (32.9%). Birds and mammals were also important prey in terms of biomass (30.2 and 28%, respectively), despite its low numbers in relation to all identified prey (4.3 and 1.3%, respectively). Prey weighing less than 30 g were the most frequent (98.1%) with a corresponding biomass of around 62.1%. For prey weighing more than 100 g only Lagomorphs contributed to it, totaling 25% in terms of biomass, despite their remarkably low numbers (0.4% of total prey). This high predation on invertebrates while low on mammals agrees, with the known latitudinal trends of diet composition of the Montagu’s Harrier, and some other birds of prey, along the Palearctic. In this part of Iberia, where large orthopterans are particularly common in extensive cereal fields, strong presence of insects was found in the diet of Montagu’s Harrier populations. This feature seems to be related to the abundance of orthopterans in southern Europe.
Die wunderbare Welt der Nervenheilanstalt – der Einstieg
Authors: Runge Laura Rebecca
Published: January 2021

Erinnern Sie sich noch an Ihre Anfänge in der Psychiatrie? Wir wollten von psychiatrisch Pflegenden wissen, wie der erste Kontakt mit dem Team und den Patienten war, was sie am meisten interessiert, berührt oder auch befremdet hat und wo sie ihre Aufgaben sehen. Dieses Mal berichtet eine 33-jährige Pflegende, die vor 15 Jahren ihre ersten Eindrücke in der Psychiatrie gesammelt hat.
Ergänzende Online-Behandlung in der psychiatrischen häuslichen Krankenpflege
Authors: Heinecke Jörn , Riepenhausen Christina
Published: January 2021

Im Gesundheitswesen bieten moderne E-Health-Anwendungen vielfältige Möglichkeiten. Auch die Asklepios Kliniken ergänzen die Behandlung von Psychiatrie-Patienten durch eine Online-Plattform. Diese App beinhaltet verschiedene Module und Tagebücher, die in der psychiatrischen häuslichen Krankenpflege mit persönlichen Gesprächen kombiniert werden.