bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seroprevalence of Orientia tsutsugamushi and Rickettsia typhi in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from Southern Thailand
Authors: Pangjai Decha , Saengsawang Phirabhat , Kidsin Kamchai , Choongkittaworn Ngamchit , Morita Yukio , Boonmar Sumalee
Published: August 2023

Background and Aim: Scrub typhus and murine typhus are globally distributed zoonoses caused by the intracellular Gram-negative bacteria Orientia tsutsugamushi and Rickettsia typhi, respectively. Numerous studies have been undertaken on rickettsial illnesses in humans and animals, including arthropod vectors, in Thailand. However, the reports on the seroprevalence of antibodies to O. tsutsugamushi and R. typhi in buffaloes is extremely rare. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of both rickettsial infections in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Phatthalung Province, southern Thailand.

Materials and Methods: From February to March 2023, a total of 156 serum samples were collected from 156 water buffaloes on 29 farms in Phatthalung province. The sera were screened for antibodies against O. tsutsugamushi and R. typhi using an indirect immunofluorescence assay.

Results: The seroprevalence of antibodies against O. tsutsugamushi and R. typhi in individual water buffaloes was 4.49% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.19%-8.97%) and 3.85% (95% CI: 1.77%-8.14%), respectively, whereas 31% (9/29) of the herds had buffaloes with antibodies. The number of buffaloes with scrub typhus infection and ectoparasite infestation was statistically significant (p < 0.05; odds ratio = 6.25 [95% CI: 1.19-33.33]). Intriguingly, the prevalence of scrub typhus antibodies in buffaloes that were not infested with ectoparasites was much higher than those that were.

Conclusion: This is the first report of O. tsutsugamushi and R. typhi antibodies in water buffalo sera in Southern Thailand. Two serum samples showed a high antibody titer against O. tsutsugamushi. Seroprevalence mainly occurred in non-ectoparasite-infested buffaloes, especially for O. tsutsugamushi antibodies. At the herd level, one-third of the studied farms showed seroprevalence. Additional research on the occurrence of these pathogens in vectors and in other animal reservoirs is necessary.

Keywords: indirect immunofluorescence assay, Orientia tsutsugamushi, Rickettsia typhi, seroprevalence, Thailand, water buffaloes.
Consideration for the Safe and Effective Manufacturing of Antibody-drug Conjugates
Authors:   Lonza, Rohrer Thomas
Published: August 2023

Antibody-drug conjugates are an emerging class of biotherapeutics that require unique supporting infrastructure to meet bio/ pharmaceutical industry standards for safe, effective, and reliable manufacturing. These highly potent biopharmaceuticals present a series of unique manufacturing challenges driven by their potency and raw material supply chain. Facility design must take into consideration these manufacturing challenges to ensure employee safety and robust process performance. The concepts addressed in this article convey the experience gained by Lonza during our years working with this class of biotherapeutics.
Making Hot ADCs
Authors:   Almac Group, Kitson Sean L. , Watters William ,   Almac Group, Speed David ,   Almac Group, Moody Thomas S. ,   Almac Group
Published: August 2023

Guided by a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb), antibody drug conjugates or ADC are a new, emerging, class of drugs able to deliver a drug payload directly to an intended target. This approach has recently been boosted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris®; Seattle Genetics) to treat Hodgkin’s lymphoma and ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla®; Genentech) for metastatic breast cancer. These new biotherapeutic drugs will bring many regulatory issues to the forefront regarding the ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion) profile of each ADC. In this article, the authors discuss this and other important aspects of antibody-drug conjugates.
Sacituzumab govitecan (IMMU-132) Demonstrates Therapeutic Potential in the Treatment of Metastatic Solid Cancers
Authors:   Sunvalley Communication, LLC, Hofland Peter , Portillo Sonia ,   InPress Media Group, LLC
Published: August 2023

Two prominent cancer journals have published phase II clinical trial results with sacituzumab govitecan (IMMU-132; Immunomedics) in a total of 104 patients with lung cancer, including advanced small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who relapsed after, or were refractory to, prior treatment with standard chemotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Trial of High Efficiency TFF Capsule Prototype for ADC Purification
Authors:   Pfizer, Czapkowski Brooke , Steen Jonathan ,   MilliporeSigma
Published: August 2023

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are an emerging class of highly targeted cancer therapies in which a monoclonal antibody is chemically conjugated to a cytotoxic drug (payload). These complex biochemical moieties are comprised of three essential components: the monoclonal antibody, the payload, and the linker, which holds the moiety together. Upon targeted recognition of the specific cancer cell receptors, the antibody becomes internalized by the cell, which makes it an effective vehicle for therapy. Once the ADC has been internalized, the cytotoxic drug is released, enabling it to kill the cancerous cell. Common mechanisms of action for these drugs include microtubule inhibition and DNA damage.
Challenges in Environmental Testing of Multi-component Substances
Authors:   EAG Laboratories, Huggett Duane B. , Krueger Hank ,   EAG Laboratories
Published: August 2023

An Environmental Risk Assessment or ERA needs to clearly identify hazard and exposure to evaluate risk. Having good analytical chemistry methods is essential in measuring environmental concentrations in field samples as well as in hazard based hazard-based testing to determine the effects of a specific chemical. These methods are also needed to determine physical chemical properties used in models to predict environmental concentrations of chemicals. In this article, the authors discuss some of the key aspects involved in the analytical methods involving multi-component or multi-constituent substances, as well as a number of applicable regulatory requirements.
Cerebral ischemic events in patients with infective endocarditis: results of a single center retrospective study
Authors: Demin D. A. , Kulesh A. A. , Enginoev S. T. , Demetskaya V. V. , Demina E. V. , Lezhikov M. V. , Shaposhnikova E. I. , Stompel D. R.
Published: August 2023

Cerebral ischemic events, including ischemic stroke (IS) and transient ischemic attack (TIA), are among the most common extracardiac complications of infective endocarditis (IE).

Objective: to evaluate cerebral ischemic events (prevalence, clinical and neuroimaging characteristics, predictors, prognosis) in patients with “left-sided” IE, who underwent cardiac surgery, according to the registry of the Federal Center for Cardiovascular Surgery.

Material and methods. A retrospective review of data from the hospital information system was performed in one of the federal centers for cardiovascular surgery of the Russian Ministry of Health. Inclusion criteria in the study: age of patients ≥18 years, significant or probable (Duke criteria) IE of the left heart – aortic and/or mitral valves. Patients with isolated right heart IE (tricuspid valve, pacemaker-associated endocarditis), nonbacterial thromboendocarditis, and chronic IE were excluded from the study. For the analysis, 222 cases of IE in 216 patients were used. IS was observed in 43 (19.4%) patients with “left-sided” IE, TIA – in 4 (1.8%). In 2/3 of cases, patients suffered a minor stroke (NIHSS <5), while every fifth patient had symptoms of encephalopathy. Logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of cerebral embolism. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each of the significant risk factors, and time to first clinical event (death) was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results. On neuroimaging in IE, the following signs were frequently detected: involvement of different cerebral vascular territories (65.1%), multifocal (≥1 focus) infarcts (74.4%), hemorrhagic transformation (37.2%). Cortical and/or subcortical distribution of infarcts was observed in 97.7% of patients. According to multivariate analysis, IS and TIA were predicted by vegetations >10 mm (OR 3.552; 95% CI 1.066–11.8463; p=0.039), mobile vegetations (OR 6.112; 95% CI 1.105–33.784; p=0.038) and multiple vegetations (OR 5.2 08, 95% CI 1.189–22.805, p=0.029). The impact of cerebral embolism on prognosis (in-hospital and long-term mortality) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery was not established.

Conclusion. According to the neuroimaging data, cerebral infarcts in IE correspond to the main signs of cardioembolism. The characteristics of the vegetations (size >10 mm, mobility, multiplicity) are a crucial indicator of the embolic potential of IE.
Dinamika Garis Pantai Pulau Karimunjawa dan Kemujan Tahun 2000 - 2030
Authors: Muhammad Dzakwan Taufiq Nur , Mardiatno Djati
Published: August 2023

Perubahan iklim secara langsung menyebabkan terjadinya kenaikan muka air laut bagi wilayah kepesisiran. Hal ini menyebabkan garis pantai menjadi tidak stabil, sehingga perlu untuk dilakukan pemantauan secara spasial dan temporal. Pulau Karimunjawa dan Kemujan merupakan dua pulau kecil dengan garis pantai yang saling terhubung oleh hutan mangrove. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dinamika garis pantai Pulau Karimunjawa dan Kemujan tahun 2000 – 2030. Identifikasi garis pantai tahun 2000 – 2020 diperoleh melalui ekstraksi garis pantai metode single band (B5) dan band ratio (B4/B2 dan B5/B2) citra Landsat 7 ETM+, sedangkan untuk identifikasi garis pantai tahun 2030 diperoleh melalui prediksi garis pantai metode Kalman Filter Model. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa garis pantai cenderung mengalami akresi dengan rata-rata perubahan garis pantai sebesar +0,76 meter per tahun dan diprediksi akan mengalami kemajuan garis pantai rata-rata sebesar +1,02 meter per tahun. Garis pantai daerah penelitian tergolong stabil dengan sedikit akresi (akresi sedang).Climate change causes sea level rise for coastal region. This causes the shoreline become unstable, so spatial and temporal monitoring is necessary. Karimunjawa and Kemujan Islands are two small islands with a shoreline [H1] that are connected by mangrove forests. This research aims to identify shoreline dynamics of Karimunjawa and Kemujan Islands in 2000 – 2030. The identification of shoreline in 2000 – 2020 was obtained through the extraction of shoreline using single band (B5) and band ratio (B4/B2 and B5/B2) method from Landsat 7 ETM+, while for identification of shoreline in 2030 was obtained through shoreline forecasting using Kalman Filter Model method. The results show that the shoreline tends to be accreted with an average shoreline change of +0.76 meters per year and predicted to be accretion with an average shoreline change of +1.02 meters per year. The Shoreline of the study area is [H2] relatively stable with little accretion (medium accretion).
Perendaman Daging Kerang Hijau (Perna viridis) Menggunakan Asam Asetat dan Bubuk Sargassum sp. sebagai Penurun Kadar Logam Timbal (Pb)
Authors: Riswanti Khoirunnisah , Sedjati Sri , Supriyantini Endang
Published: August 2023

Akumulasi logam berat berlebih pada kerang hijau (Perna viridis) dapat membahayakan konsumen. Sargassum sp. merupakan rumput laut yang berpotensi sebagai penurun kadar logam karena mengandung alginat yang memiliki gugus fungsi penyerap logam. Gugus fungsi seperti hidroksil dan karboksil dapat menjerap ion logam timbal (Pb) yang terdapat pada daging kerang hijau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan bubuk rumput laut Sargassum sp. dan asam asetat sebagai penurun kadar logam timbal pada daging kerang hijau serta mengidentifikasi gugus fungsi yang terkandung dalam bubuk Sargassum sp. Metode yang digunakan yaitu percobaan labotatoris, menggunakan perlakuan konsentrasi sebanyak 3 kali pengulangan. Bubuk Sargassum sp. dikeringkan menggunakan oven suhu 45°C selama 24 jam, kemudian dihaluskan dan diuji FTIR. Daging kerang direndam pada konsentrasi bubuk Sargassum sp. 0%, 4%, 6%, dan 8%, dengan pH 5 (penambahan asam asetat) selama 90 menit. Sampel didestruksi dan dilakukan pengukuran kadar logam timbal menggunakan Atomic Adsorption Spectrofotometri (AAS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi bubuk rumput laut Sargassum sp. tidak mempengaruhi penjerapan logam timbal dengan uji Anova (P≤0,05). Konsentrasi bubuk rumput laut Sargassum sp. dengan penurunan kadar logam tertinggi yaitu konsentrasi 8% sebesar 0,111 mg/kg. Gugus fungsi yang terdapat pada bubuk Sargassum yaitu hidroksil (-OH), amina (-NH2), dan alkana (-CH2).  Excessive accumulation of heavy metals in green mussels (Perna viridis) can harm consumers. Sargassum sp. is a seaweed that has the potential as a metal reducing agent because it contains alginate which has a metal-absorbing functional group. Functional groups such as hydroxyl and carboxyl can absorb lead metal (Pb) ions found in green mussel meat. This study aims to determine the effect of using powdered seaweed Sargassum sp. and acetic acid as lowering metal levels of lead in green mussels as well as identifying the functional groups contained in powdered Sargassum sp. The method was used is a laboratory experiment, using a concentration treatment of 3 repetitions. Sargassum sp. powder dried using an oven at 45°C for 24 hours, then mashed and tested FTIR. Scallop meat soaked in powder concentration of Sargassum sp. 0%, 4%, 6%, and 8%, with pH 5 (addition of acetic acid) for 90 minutes. The sample was destroyed and the lead content was measured using Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The results showed that the concentration of Sargassum sp. powder not affect lead metal adsorption by Anova test (P≤0.05). The concentration of powdered seaweed Sargassum sp. with the highest decrease in metal content, namely the concentration of 8% at 0.111 mg/kg. The functional groups in Sargassum powder are hydroxyl (-OH), amine (-NH2), dan alkane (-CH2).
Sebaran Jenis dan Kondisi Tutupan Lamun di Perairan Kepulauan Riau
Authors: Nugraha Aditya Hikmat , Syahputra Imam Pangestian , Dharmawan I Wayan Eka , Arbi Ucu Yanu , Hermanto Bambang , Kurniawan Fajar , Roni Syofyan , Wibisono Ganang , Rivani Anggia
Published: August 2023

Perairan Kepulauan Riau yang terdiri dari pulau-pulau kecil umumnya memiliki ekosistem pesisir yang tersusun dari ekosistem mangrove, ekosistem lamun dan ekosistem terumbu karang. Ekosistem lamun merupakan bagian dari ekosistem pesisir yang memiliki peran tidak kalah penting seperti habitat biota, area pengasuhan, regulasi karbon dan lain sebagainya. Monitoring terkait kondisi ekosistem lamun penting untuk dilakukan dalam rangka mengetahui status ekosistem sehingga kedepan dapat menentukan langkah pengelolaan ekosistem yang baik. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tahun 2021 di Perairan Kepulauan Riau meliputi Perairan Kota Batam, Perairan Pulau Bintan, Perairan Lingga, Perairan Natuna dan Perairan Anambas. Metode pengamatan dilakukan dengan menggunakan transek garis yang dibantu dengan transek kuadrat dalam mengamati tutupan lamun di setiap lokasi penelitian.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan ditemukan 11 jenis lamun di Perairan Kepulauan Riau, meliputi spesies Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Halophila ovalis, Halophila minor, Halophila spinulosa, Thalassodendron ciliatum, Halodule uninervis, Halodule pnifolia dan Syringodium isoetifolium. Nilai tutupan berada pada kisaran 20,68%-54,44%, Berdasarkan tutupannya secara umum ekosistem lamun di Perairan Kepulauan Riau berada dalam status sedang.The waters of the Riau Archipelago which consist of small islands generally have coastal ecosystems consisting of mangrove ecosystems, seagrass ecosystems and coral reef ecosystems. Seagrass ecosystems are part of coastal ecosystems that have no less important roles such as biota habitat, nurturing areas, carbon regulation and so on. Monitoring related to the condition of seagrass ecosystems is important to do in order to determine the status of the ecosystem so that in the future it can determine steps for good ecosystem management. This research was conducted in 2021 in the waters of the Riau Archipelago including Batam City Waters, Bintan Island Waters, Lingga Waters, Natuna Waters and Anambas Waters. The observation method was carried out using line transects assisted by quadratic transects in observing seagrass cover at each research location. Based on the results of the research conducted, 11 species of seagrass were found in the waters of the Riau Archipelago, including species of Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Halophila ovalis, Halophila minor, Halophila spinulosa, Thalassodendron ciliatum, Halodule uninervis, Halodule pinifolia and Syringodium isoetifolium. The cover value is in the range of 20.68%-54.45%, based on seagrass cover in general the seagrass ecosystem in the Riau Islands waters is in a poor status.
Perbedaan Pertumbuhan Rumput Laut Kappaphycus alvarezii Terhadap Jarak Tanam
Authors: Ihsan Muhamad , Pramesti Rini , Susanto AB
Published: August 2023

Rumput laut merupakan salah satu komoditas ekonomi yang menjadi unggulan Indonesia dan jenis yang banyak dibudidayakan adalah jenis Eucheuma cottonii (Kappaphycus alvarezii) dan Eucheuma spinosum. Usaha peningkatan produksinya dikembangkan melalui modifikasi metode budidaya untuk mencapai hasil produksi yang maksimal. Jarak tanam merupakan salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan peningkatan produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji perbedaan jarak tanam terhadap laju pertumbuhan rumput laut K. alvarezii. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan perlakuan berupa jarak tanam. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 3 perlakuan jarak tanam (20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm) dan masing-masing perlakuan dengan tiga ulangan. Parameter yang diamati yaitu laju pertumbuhan spesifik mingguan, laju pertumbuhan mutlak dan kelulushidupan K. alvarezii. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jarak tanam yang berbeda berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan mutlak dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik serta terdapat perbedaan yang nyata dari tiap perlakuan dari waktu ke waktu. Hasil analisa statistik menunjukkan peningkatan pertumbuhan pada masing-masing perlakuan dari setiap waktu pengukuran. Jarak tanam yang memberikan hasil pertumbuhan terbaik pada jarak tanam 30 cm dengan hasil berat rata-rata 545,9 gr dan rata-rata laju pertumbuhan spesifik 3,84% per hari.  Seaweed is one of Indonesia’s leading economic commodities. The species that are widely cultivated in Indonesian waters are Eucheuma cottonii (Kappaphycus alvarezii) and Eucheuma spinosum. Efforts to increase production are developed through modification of cultivation methods to achieve maximum production results. Plant spacing is one the factors that affect growth and increased production in relation to nutrient absorption because the spacing will affect the movement of water carryiing nutrients. This study aims to examine differences in plant spacing on the optimal growth rate of K. alvarezii seaweed for the growth of K. alvarezii. The research method used is a quantitative method with treatment in the form of spacing. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design using 3 spacing treatments (20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm) and 3 replications. Parameters observed were weekly specific growth rate, absolute growth rate and survival rate of K. alvarezii. The results showed that different plant spacing had an effect on absolute growth and specific growth rate and there were significant differences in each treatment from time to time. The results of statistical analysis showed an increase in growth in each treatment from each measurement time. The spacing that gave the best and optimal growth results was found in the 30 cm spacing treatment by producing an average weight gain of 545,9 g and an average specific growth rate of 3,84% per day.
Keberadaan mikroplastik pada kerang darah (Anadara granosa) dari TPI Tambak Lorok, Semarang
Authors: Arifin Muhammad Sholeh , Suprijanto Jusup , Ridlo Ali
Published: August 2023

Keberadaan mikroplastik diperairan dapat terakumulasi dalam tubuh biota melalui insang dan rantai makanan. Kerang darah termasuk organisme sesil yang hidup bergantung pada ketersediaan zooplankton, fitoplankton dan material organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mikroplastik pada kerang darah (Anadara granosa) di TPI Tambak Lorok, Semarang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Sampel kerang darah diambil dari hasil tangkapan nelayan TPI Tambak Lorok pada bulan Oktober 2021 dan Januari 2022. Sampel dibedakan dengan perlakuan pencucian dan tanpa pencucian. Sampel didestruksi menggunakan KOH 10% sebanyak 3:1 berat sampel selama 24 jam, apabila terdapat sisa bahan organik maka ditambahkan H2O2 30% sebanyak 5 ml selama 24 jam. Sampel disaring menggunakan filter paper dengan bantuan vacuum pump. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya mikroplastik pada kerang darah dari TPI Tambak Lorok, Semarang. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi visual menggunakan mikroskop binokuler, bentuk mikroplastik yang ditemukan yaitu fiber, film, fragment dan pellet. Proses pencucian mengakibatkan penurunan mikroplastik sebesar 18% (42,8 partikel/individu) pada bulan Oktober 2021 dan 16% (20,8 partikel/individu) pada bulan Januari 2022. Hasil kelimpahan mikroplastik pada sampel tanpa pencucian dan dengan pencucian secara berturut – turut pada bulan Oktober 2021 sebesar 134,2 dan 91,4 partikel/individu dan Januari 2022 sebesar 72,6 dan 51,8 partikel/individu. The presence of microplastics in the waters can accumulate in the body's biota through the gills and the food chain. Blood clams are sessile organisms that live depending on the availability of zooplankton, phytoplankton and organic matter. This study aims to determine microplastics in blood clams (Anadara granosa) at TPI Tambak Lorok, Semarang. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Samples of blood clams were taken from the catches of TPI Tambak Lorok fishermen in October 2021 and January 2022. The samples were different with washing and non-washing treatment. Samples were destructed using 10% KOH as much as 3:1 sample weight for 24 hours, if there was residual organic matter then 30% H2O2 was added as much as 5 ml for 24 hours. The sample is filtered using filter paper with the help of a vacuum pump. The results showed the presence of microplastics in blood clams from TPI Tambak Lorok, Semarang. Based on visual acquisition using a binocular microscope, the forms of microplastics found were fiber, film, fragments and pellets. The washing process resulted in a reduction of microplastics by 18% (42.8 particles/individual) in October 2021 and 16% (20.8 particles/individual) in January 2022. The results of microplastic retention in samples without washing and with washing respectively in October 2021 it was 134.2 and 91.4 particles/individual and January 2022 it was 72.6 and 51.8 particles/individual.
Identifikasi Jenis Ikan Demersal dan Pengelolaan Perikanan Tangkap Berkelanjutan di Pasar Ikan Anaiwoi Kabupaten Kolaka
Authors: Zahara Asha Aulia , Ningrum Audya Septria , Zain Baiq Kharisma Afrilia Putri , Siswanty Ivonne , Riandinata Selamet Kurniawan
Published: August 2023

Perikanan tangkap adalah sumber daya yang dapat diakses secara terbuka atau milik bersama yang penggunaannya dapat mengalami penangkapan berlebih atau penangkapan ikan yang merusak jika ditangani tanpa menggunakan konsep yang ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis ikan demersal hasil tangkapan nelayan dan mengetahui pengelolaan perikanan tangkap di perairan Desa Anaiwoi. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan September hingga Oktober 2022 di Pasar Ikan Anaiwoi, Kabupaten Kolaka. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode wawancara dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terdapat 31 spesies ikan demersal yang termasuk dalam 12 famili. Jenis ikan yang paling dominan ditemukan dari famili Lutjanidae dan Lethrinidae. Secara umum hasil identifikasi perikanan berkelanjutan cukup baik, seperti alat tangkap, jenis kapal ramah lingkungan, lokasi penangkapan dan jenis ikan serta ukuran ikan yang ditangkap. Jenis perahu yang paling banyak digunakan nelayan adalah perahu motor tempel. Alat tangkap yang paling umum digunakan adalah tali pancing.Capture fisheries are openly accessible resources or common property whose use may experience overfishing or destructive fishing if handled without using environmentally friendly and sustainable concepts. This study aims to identify the species of demersal fish caught by fishermen and to determine the management of capture fisheries in the waters of Anaiwoi Village. The research was conducted from September to October 2022 at the Anaiwoi Fish Market, Kolaka District. The method used is the interview and documentation method. Based on the results of the study, there were 31 species of demersal fish belonging to 12 families. The most dominant fish species were found from the Lutjanidae and Lethrinidae families. In general, the identification results of sustainable fisheries are quite good, such as fishing gear, types of environmentally friendly vessels, fishing locations and types of fish and size of fish caught. The type of boat most used by fishermen is the outboard motor. The most commonly used fishing gear is the fishing line.
Perbandingan Kondisi Terumbu Karang pada Zona Pemanfaatan Wisata Bahari dan Zona Perikanan Tradisional di Pulau Kumbang, Taman Nasional Karimunjawa
Authors: Durotunasha Zalfa Apricia , Sutanto Steven , Al Haliim Fedorova Nitaaqaini , Izzatunnisa Yasmin , Putri Nandika Abubakar
Published: August 2023

Pulau Kumbang merupakan bagian dari kawasan konservasi laut Kepulauan Taman Nasional Karimunjawa yang terletak di Perairan Utara Jawa. Pulau tidak berpenghuni ini dijadikan sebagai lahan penangkapan ikan oleh nelayan dari pulau di dekatnya, terutama Pulau Parang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kondisi terumbu karang yang berfokus di 4 titik lokasi pada 2 zona kawasan konservasi laut, diantaranya Zona Perikanan Tradisional dan Zona Pemanfaatan Wisata Bahari. Pendataan dilakukan pada 2 kedalaman (5 dan 10 meter) dengan metode yang digunakan untuk mengetahui kondisi tutupan karang yaitu Line Intercept Transect (LIT), keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan ikan karang dengan metode Underwater Visual Census (UVC), dan kelimpahan invertebrata menggunakan metode Belt Transect. Rata-rata tutupan karang di Zona Perikanan Tradisional (59,78%) ditemukan lebih tinggi daripada Zona Pemanfaatan Wisata Bahari (40,61%). Sementara itu, kelimpahan ikan lebih tinggi pada Zona Pemanfaatan Wisata Bahari (14700 individu/ha kedalaman 5m). Famili Pomacentridae (Amblyglyphidodon) menunjukkan kelimpahan yang signifikan dengan 627 individu di salah satu lokasi. Invertebrata yang dilindungi yaitu Kima (Tridacna sp.) ditemukan di semua lokasi, terutama di kedalaman dangkal sebagai invertebrata yang paling melimpah dalam penelitian. Hasil keseluruhan menunjukkan bahwa kondisi terumbu karang di Zona Perikanan Tradisional berada dalam kondisi yang lebih baik daripada Zona Pemanfaatan Wisata Bahari. Kumbang Island is located in the archipelago of Karimunjawa National Park, a Marine Protected Area (MPA) in the Java Sea. Although uninhabited, the island is one of the fishing grounds for local fishers in neighboring islands. This research is aimed to assess the coral reef condition in Kumbang Island, focusing on 2 Sites in 2 MPA Zones: Traditional Fisheries Zone and Marine Tourism Utilization Zone. The assessment was conducted at 2 depths (5 and 10 meters) to observe coral coverage using Line Intercept Transect (LIT), reef fish diversity and abundance with Underwater Visual Census (UVC), and megabenthos abundance using Belt Transect method. The coral cover in the Traditional Fisheries Zone (59,78%) was found to be higher than the Marine Tourism Utilization Zone (40,61%). Meanwhile, the fish abundance was higher in the Marine Tourism Utilization Zone (14700 individual/ha at a depth of 5m). The family Pomacentridae (Amblyglyphidodon) showed a significant abundance with 231 individuals in one of the Sites. The protected Giant Clam (Tridacna sp.) was found in all Sites, mainly in the shallow depth as the most abundant megabenthos in the research. The overall result indicates that the coral reef condition in the Traditional Fisheries Zone is in a better condition than the Marine Tourism Utilization Zone.
Estimasi Konsentrasi dan Stok Karbon Organik pada Sedimen Lamun di Desa Selangan, Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Sakmiana Andi Fitri , Paputungan Mohammad Sumiran , Kusumaningrum Widya , Rahmawati Susi
Published: August 2023

Informasi mengenai stok karbon di sedimen ekosistem lamun di Indonesia masih sedikit, khususnya di Kalimantan Timur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi stok karbon organik pada sedimen lamun yang berada di perairan sekitar Desa Selangan, pesisir Bontang. Pengambilan sampel sedimen dilakukan pada bulan September 2021, dengan menggunakan pipa PVC yang berdiameter 7 cm dengan panjang 130 cm. Pengambilan sampel sedimen berjumlah 3 core dimulai dari titik lamun yang berdekatan dengan ekosistem mangrove ke arah laut dengan jarak 50 m antar stasiun. Konsentrasi karbon organik sedimen diukur menggunakan metode loss on ignition (LOI) yang dilakukan di Laboratorium Botani Pusat Riset Oseanografi BRIN. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi karbon organik pada lokasi penelitian berkisar 1,70-4,90% dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 2,72 ±0,20 %. Estimasi stok karbon sedimen lamun yang terdapat di perairan sekitar Desa Selangan adalah 210,94 Mg C/ha. Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada konsentrasi dan stok karbon organik antar lapisan sedimen. Namun, kedua nilai tersebut cenderung rendah pada lokasi lamun yang berada jauh dari ekosistem mangrove. The available information on sediment organic carbon stock data of the seagrass ecosystem in Indonesia is limited, especially in East Kalimantan. This study aimed to estimate the concentration and stock of organic carbon in seagrass sediment in Selangan, a coastal area of Bontang. Field activities to collect sediment samples were done in September 2021 by using 7-diameter PVC tube core with 130 cm length. Three sediment cores were collected from seagrass adjacent to mangrove ecosystem with 50 m interval between the cores toward the sea. Organic carbon concentration in sediment measured by using loss on ignition method that was performed in Botanical Laboratory of Research Center for Oceanography BRIN. The results showed that the concentration of organic carbon at the study sites ranged from 1.70-4.90% with average at 2.72 ±0.20%. Organic carbon stocks in seagrass sediments in Selangan were estimated at 210.94 Mg C/ha. Both sediment organic carbon concentration and storage values were no significant difference through the layer of sediments. However, both values tend to low in seagrass sediment which were far from mangrove ecosystem.
Identifikasi Tingkat Kesegaran Ikan Tongkol (Euthynnus sp.) Di Pasar Bumiayu, Kabupaten Brebes
Authors: Al Fatich M. Fajrun Najjah , Setyastuti Aryanti Indah , Kresnasari Dewi , Sarmin Sarmin
Published: August 2023

Tingkat kesegaran ikan dapat mempengaruhi kualitas dan nutrisi ikan. Pemasaran ikan tongkol segar yang dipasarkan di Pasar Bumiayu, Kabupaten Brebes kurang memperhatikan penanganan, sehingga dapat menurunkan kualitas dan nutrisi ikan tongkol segar. Tingkat kesegaran  ikan dapat diidentifikasi atau dinilai secara organoleptik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kesegaran ikan tongkol segar di Pasar Bumiayu. Metode penelitian ini dengan pengambilan sampel ikan tongkol pada pukul 06.00; 09.00; dan 12.00 WIB, selanjutnya diidentifikasi kesegarannya secara organoleptik dan pengujian pH ikan segar. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan selama 3 minggu yaitu tanggal 14 September 2022; 28 September 2022; dan 12 Oktober 2022. Analisa data menggunakan analisa deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahawa ikan tongkol masih dikategorikan segar pada pengambilan sampel di pukul 06.00 hingga 09.00; sedangkan pada pukul 12.00 ikan sudah mengalami proses kemunduran mutu. Nilai organoleptik rata-rata diantara 8,33 hingga 3,67. Berdasarkan SNI ikan segar SNI 2729:2013, nilai organoleptik ikan segar adalah 7. pH daging ikan tongkol diperoleh sebesar 5,56 hingga 6,11. pH merupakan indikator tingkat kemunduran mutu ikan. Semakin tinggi nilai pH menunjukkan bahwa terjadi aktivitas mikroorganisme pembusuk dalam tubuh ikan.   The level of fish freshness can affect the quality and nutrition of fish. The marketing of fresh little tuna which is marketed in Bumiayu Traditional Market, Brebes Regency less attention to fish handling, it can reduce the quality and nutrition of fresh eastern little tuna. The level of fish freshness can be identified or assessed organoleptic test. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of fish freshness of fresh little tuna in the Bumiayu Market organoleptically. This research method by taking little tuna samples at 06.00am; 09.00am; and 12.00pm WIB, then the freshness was identified organoleptically and tested the pH of fresh fish. Sampling was carried out for 3 weeks, namely September 14, 2022; September 28, 2022; and October 12, 2022. Data analysis used descriptive analysis. The results of the 3-week study showed that tuna was still categorized as fresh when sampling at 06.00 to 09.00; while at 12.00 the fish had experienced a decline in quality. The average organoleptic value is between 8.33 and 3.67. Based on SNI fresh fish SNI 2729:2013, the organoleptic value of fresh fish is 7. The pH of little tuna meat is obtained from 5.56 to 6.11. pH is an indicator of the level of decrease in fish quality. The higher the pH value indicates that there is activity of decomposing microorganisms in fish body.
A comprehensive review on traditional therapeutic uses, bioactive principles and pharmacological activities of Kantakari (Solanum virginianum L.): An important Ayurvedic herb
Authors: Bhat Pradeep , Ghane Savaliram G. , Hegde Harsha V. , Jayagoudar Santoshkumar
Published: August 2023

Solanum virginianum L., a perennial wild plant, belongs to the 'Dashamoola' group in Ayurveda. 'Kantkari Ghrita' in Charaka Samhita is used for cough, cold, fever, asthma, and cardiac diseases. 'Dasmul Asava' and 'Dashmularishta' are tonics for lactating mothers. Inflammatory disorders, rheumatism, and diabetes are traditionally treated using leaf juice and fruits. Various plant parts contain bioactive compounds like solamargine, solasonine, campesterol, ?-sitosterol, cycloartenol, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, etc. Roots, flowers, stems, and fruits are used for their medicinal properties such as carminative, febrifuge, expectorant, diuretic, and bitter tonic effects. They are employed to treat cough, asthma, fever, toothache, tuberculosis, rheumatism, sore throat, kidney disorders, gonorrhea, vesicular eruptions, and burning sensation in the feet. Different extracts from various plant parts exhibit significant anti-inflammatory, nephroprotective, anti-asthmatic, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, larvicidal, antinociceptive, antispermatogenic, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities. This study reviews 37 relevant research articles to comprehensively explore the plant's traditional uses, bioactive compounds, and pharmacological properties in both in-vitro and in-vivo settings, along with their mechanisms of action.
Floral development and potential pollinators of Syzygium myhendrae (Bedd. ex Brandis) Gamble, a wild endemic tree of the Southern Western Ghats, India
Authors: Divya S Pillai  , Sreekala A K
Published: August 2023

Syzygium myhendrae, is a semi-evergreen, endemic and endangered tree species of the Southern Western Ghats, India which exhibits bi-annual mode of flowering and fruiting behaviour. This research is specifically aimed to observe the sequence of morphological processes occurring during floral development and to identify the potential pollinators from the different floral visitors. These aims are achieved by examining the individual trees of candidate species during their flowering season. Sticky traps, bee bowls, sweep nets and pan traps were used to capture floral visitors at the anthesis stage. Visitation frequency and visitor activity index were calculated to distinguish effective pollinators from visitor insects. The results showed nine stages in flower development starting from flower bud emergence to fruit ripening, which took 6-9 weeks. Nine species of insects were recorded as visitors. Honey bees (Apis cerana, ApisMdorsata and Tetragonula iridipennis), butterflies (Hypolimnas misippus,pachilopta pandiana), wasp species, beetle species, fly species were exclusively visiting the flowers of the candidate species. Among the honey bees, Apis dorsata showed high visitation frequency (0.40±0.01) followed by Apis cerana (0.31±0.02) and Tetragonula iridipennis (052±0.02). As per the visitation frequency, it can be concluded that Apis dorsata was the most frequent and effective pollinator.
Role of microalgae as a sustainable alternative of biopolymers and its application in industries
Authors: Dimri Rohit , Mall Shivangi , Sinha Somya , Joshi Naveen Chandra , Bhatnagar Pooja , Rohit Sharma  , Vinod Kumar  , Gururani Prateek
Published: August 2023

The escalating accumulation of petroleum-based polymers has depleted resources and raised environmental concerns due to their non-recyclable and non-biodegradable nature. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in bio-based plastics, particularly algal-based biopolymers, which offer recyclability and eco-friendliness. Algae-derived polymers have distinct advantages, such as autotrophic growth reducing greenhouse gas emissions, rapid growth rate, low nutritional requirements, and resilience to harsh environments. Additionally, algae exhibit higher photosynthetic potential (10-20%) compared to terrestrial plants (1%-2%). The range of algal-derived polymers includes alginate, laminarin, fucoidan, carrageenan, agar, ulvan, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and poly-(Hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). However, further efforts are required to implement them on a large scale. This review highlights algae's potential as a raw material for biopolymer production, exploring their characteristics and applications in diverse industries like food and pharmaceuticals.
Pharmacology and phytochemical profile of Wattakaka volubilis (L.f.) Stapf: A systematic review
Authors: Bhat Pradeep , Jayagoudar Santoshkumar , Ghane Savaliram G. , Hegde Harsha V.
Published: August 2023

Wattakaka volubilis (L.f.) Stapf, a substantial woody climber of the family Apocynaceae, is widely employed in numerous Ayurvedic formulations to treat leucoderma, asthma, tumors, urinary tract infections, piles, and inflammations. Traditionally, its leaves and entire plant are utilized to alleviate cough, severe cold, fever, rheumatic pain, rabies, snakebites, boils, abscesses, and ocular afflictions. Diverse chemical constituents, encompassing alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, tannins, pregnane glycosides, flavonoids, and polyphenols, are present in the extracts from different plant parts such as bark, leaves, flowers, and fruits. These extracts exhibit a wide array of pharmacological properties, including anticancer, larvicidal, anti-leishmanial, chondroprotective, and anthelmintic activities. However, for thorough validation, well-designed in vivo and clinical trials are imperative to substantiate its immense medicinal potential. The current investigation aims to deliver a comprehensive review of the bioactive compounds and pharmacological attributes of this plant.
Leading A Sustainable Workforce: Assessing the Pandemic’s Influence on Job Insecurities, Anxiety, Work Overload, and Turnover Intentions in Hospitality
Authors: Brewer Prawannarat , Dent Heidi L. , Sebby Angela G.
Published: August 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic’s acute phase has faded, but the hospitality industry suffered extensive employee shortages due to industry layoffs, downsizing, terminations, closings, and the Great Resignation. Although the hospitality industry has rebounded, staff shortages and the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic remain a concern. This study aims to explore the factors that affect employee turnover intention by highlighting the effect of the pandemic on employees’ anxiety, organizational changes, work stressors, and locus of control. Results found that the top three factors that led to employee voluntary turnover were organizational changes, stress from work, and work locus of control. This study also found that employees' anxiety resulting from COVID-19 does not affect their turnover intention. Analyzing statistical data and relationships among each factor can assist hospitality practitioners in developing strategies to recruit, motivate, retain, and engage staff for future crises, thereby creating a more sustainable workforce. Theoretical and practical implications for future research are also discussed.
Studies in the Prophetic Ḥadith and its Sciences in Urdu, Farsi, and Arabic by Indian Muslim Scholars
Authors: Shamsuddin Salahuddin , Lubis Tonang Hasan
Published: August 2023

Various tribes and dynasties in Central Asia who converted to Islam began a long series of conquests in India, but those ties did not last long and did not provide the opportunities for and establishing the close relations between the inhabitants of India and Muslims, but the contacts began to grow and flourish when Muslims began to settle in India as their second home, especially during the Mughal era, which contributed most to the development of Indo-Islamic culture. Islam spread in India because of four things that are conquests, advocacy, occupation and migration, and this spread knew some ebbs and flows. Urdu as a language arose with the efforts of Muslims and now enjoys a wide and rich literature, and it must be considered a part of the other Islamic literatures, because the literary Islamic heritage attributed to the Islamic peoples in all parts of the earth, which was influenced by the language of the Qur’an, the noble Prophetic Ḥadith, various Islamic sciences, history of Islam, Islamic mysticism, and all mental and spiritual currents emanating from Islam. Science of Ḥadith movement weakened at the end of the fourth century, but by the God’s blessing to those people in India who renewed the movement of the Prophet's Sunnah until this country became a center for the science of Ḥadith in the tenth century and beyond. We mention in this article some of those who are famous for their efforts and their knowledge, and the most important Islamic centers and educational institutions briefly.
The Chinese Moral Cultivation
Authors: Ma Wen , Zhu Yaqin , Chunli Li , Zhang Bo , Tian Xin
Published: August 2023

Historically, the Confucian classics tell us the importance of moral practices. Presently, educators are concerned about how to cultivate well-developed individuals. In this paper, I introduce the examples of Chinese moral cultivation. At group level, morality can be practiced from things such as maintaining public health system; caring and protecting public construct and tools; and devoting to public good. At personal level, moral practice can be exercised by the belief of what you do not want done to yourself do not do to others; to blame oneself severely and to blame others lightly; and do not fear the strong and insult the weak. Here I intend to clarify the existence and development of human feelings and wisdom must rely on society. From this point of view, we get a clear idea of why the relations between all things that human creates and society is closely related.
The Shifting Ontology of the Qurʾān in Ḥanafism: Debates on Reciting the Qurʾān in Persian
Authors: Qureshi Omar
Published: August 2023

A review of the works of the most authoritative Ḥanafī theologians and jurists shows that the latermadhhabtaught that its eponym, Abū Ḥanīfah (d. 150/767), held the Qurʾān to be the uncreated and eternal speech of God. According to this understanding, he and his followers believed the linguistic composition of the Qurʾān in Arabic to be a component of its miraculous nature. However, a closer examination of Ḥanafī sources leads one to conclude that the claim that Abū Ḥanīfah believed Arabic to be integral to the Qurʾān’s composition is not without contention. Abū Ḥanīfah permitted recitation of the Qurʾān within ritual prayer in Persian, which later Ḥanafī jurists used as a basis to argue that the Qurʾān, for Abū Ḥanīfah, consisted only of its meaning, not its expression in Arabic. After the Miḥnah, Abū Ḥanīfah’s permissive position became associated with the newly heterodox view of the “Created Qurʾān,” placing pressure on later Ḥanafī jurists to ensure that Abū Ḥanīfah was not associated with heresy. Whereas earlier Ḥanafīs contended that the Qurʾān was miraculous solely in its meaning and guiding capacities, later Ḥanafīs, when faced with scandal, condemned the earlier view and reinterpreted Abū Ḥanīfah’s views. The characterization of the miraculous nature of the Qurʾān as inhering in its canonized Arabic expression allowed the Qurʾān to serve as evidence of the prophethood of Muḥammad. This article traces the shift within Ḥanafism on the connection between language and the ontology of the Qurʾān to align with the Sunnī orthodoxy of the uncreated and fully inimitableArabicQurʾān. Although some aspects of the roles of Abū Ḥanīfah and Ḥanafism in this evolution have been studied by other scholars, I focus here on an overlooked figure, the proto-Ḥanafī Abū ʿIṣmah Nūḥ b. Abī Maryam (d. 173/789). This case study on the recitation of the Qurʾān in Persian examines and explores the impact of the understudied aspects of this evolution.
Diffusion of tangential tensor fields: numerical issues and influence of geometric properties
Authors: Bachini E. , Brandner P. , Jankuhn T. , Nestler M. , Praetorius S. , Reusken A. , Voigt A.
Published: August 2023

We study the diffusion of tangential tensor-valued data on curved surfaces. For this purpose, several finite-element-based numerical methods are collected and used to solve a tangential surfacen-tensor heat flow problem. These methods differ with respect to the surface representation used, the geometric information required, and the treatment of the tangentiality condition. We emphasize the importance of geometric properties and their increasing influence as the tensorial degree changes fromn= 0 ton≥ 1. A specific example is presented that illustrates how curvature drastically affects the behavior of the solution.
The crystal structure of poly[2-(4-carboxypyridin-3-yl)terephthalpoly[diaqua-(μ4-2-(6-carboxylatopyridin-3-yl)terephthalato-κ5O,N:O′:O″,O‴)]) cadmium(II)] dihydrate, C28H20Cd3N2O16
Authors: Li Wenqiang , Zhang Jingxiao
Published: August 2023

C28H20Cd3N2O16, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 7.3205(3) Å, b = 9.9488(5) Å, c = 10.0326(5) Å, α = 104.473(4)°, β = 91.566(4)°, γ = 90.191(4)°, V = 707.19(6) Å3, Z = 1, R

gt
(F) = 0.0239, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0576, T = 293 K.
Das „Wunder von Bern“ und die kollektive Erinnerung der Deutschen im Wandel der Zeit – zeitgenössisches Erleben, Erinnerungskultur und nationale Identitätsbildung
Authors: Luh Andreas
Published: August 2023

Aus zeitgenössischer Sichtweise war der (bundes)deutsche WM-Erfolg von Bern 1954 ein gemeinschaftsbildendes emotionales Erlebnis, „das uns alle wie in einem Rausch mitriß und uns Stunden, Tage und alle Arbeit vergessen ließ“ (DIE WELT, 6.7.1954, S. 7). Beginnend in den 1990er Jahren und verstärkt seit den 2000er Jahren wurde der WM-Sieg von 1954 von Zeithistoriker*innen und in den meinungsbildenden Medien zeitpolitisch überhöht und legendenhaft zum „wahren Gründungsdatum“ der Bundesrepublik Deutschland stilisiert. Mit Hilfe der erinnerungskulturellen Theoriebildung von Jan und Aleida Assmann kann die Umdeutung des WM-Erfolges von 1954 vom alltagsweltlichen Nahhorizont im Kommunikativen Gedächtnis der Deutschen in den 1950er Jahren zum kulturellen Fernhorizont im Kulturellen Gedächtnis der Deutschen seit den 1990er Jahren plausibel nachvollzogen werden.