bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects and pregnancy outcomes of L‐carnitine supplementation in culture media for human embryo development from in vitro fertilization
Authors: Kim Min Kyoung , Park Jae Kyun , Paek Soo Kyung , Kim Ji Won , Kwak In Pyung , Lee Hee Jun , Lyu Sang Woo , Lee Woo Sik
Published: August 2018

Aim

Antioxidants have been studied to be effective in improving embryo qualities from in vitro fertilization. L‐carnitine (LC) has been known to reduce reactive oxygen species and enhance adenosine triphosphate production, which contribute to the development of a high‐quality embryo. This is the first study to include both mouse and human subjects and aimed to evaluate whether LC supplementation in culture media has any beneficial effect on the development of the embryos, as well as its clinical outcomes.

Methods

Mouse embryos were used as models in the animal studies for cell immunofluorescent staining evaluation. Inner cell mass and trophectoderm (TE) cells were counted and statistically analyzed between LC and control groups. For human studies, medical records of patients with infertility undergoing in vitro fertilization procedures from January to May 2017 were included and the embryos were divided into two groups at the two pronuclear stage. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the embryo status and clinical outcomes of the two groups.

Results

In the animal study, the LC group showed significantly higher numbers of cells in the inner cell mass and trophectoderm, indicating better development. In the human studies, there were significantly higher numbers of good‐quality embryos on days 2, 3 and 5 in the LC group than in the control. The clinical outcomes, such as implantation, clinical pregnancy and ongoing pregnancy rates, were also higher in the LC group than in the control.

Conclusion

LC supplementation in culture media improved human embryo quality and eventually achieved better pregnancy outcomes.
Burden and emergency department management of acute cough in children
Authors: Anderson‐James Sophie , Marchant Julie M , Chang Anne B , Acworth Jason P , Phillips Natalie T , Drescher Benjamin J , Goyal Vikas , O'Grady Kerry‐Ann F
Published: August 2018

Aim

In children presenting to an emergency department (ED) with an acute coughing illness, the aims of this study were to: (i) describe the frequency of doctor visits and medication use; and (ii) describe management and relate it to current evidence‐based guidelines.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional study in ED of a major teaching hospital (Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia). Participants included 537 children (<15 years) presenting with acute (<2 weeks) cough, with a median age of 2.2 years (interquartile range 1.0–4.0); 61.5% were boys. Hospitalised children and those with asthma, pneumonia or chronic illnesses were excluded. Main outcome measures were: (i) frequency of pre‐ED doctor visits and medication use; and (ii) comparison of management to current evidence‐based recommendations related to four discharge diagnoses: bronchiolitis, ‘wheeze/reactive airway disease (RAD)’, croup and ‘non‐specific acute respiratory illness’.

Results

A total of 300 children (55.9%) had seen a doctor prior to their ED presentation, and use of medications pre‐ED was high (53.4%). While 93.4% of children with croup were treated in accordance with guidelines, concordance was lower for children with bronchiolitis or ‘wheeze/RAD’. The majority of children with a discharge diagnosis of ‘wheeze/RAD’ (95.6%) received bronchodilators, and 72.7% also received oral corticosteroids but were not diagnosed with asthma. More than half (55.1%) of the children with non‐specific acute respiratory illness received medication(s) either prior to or during their ED presentation.

Conclusions

The burden of acute cough‐related illnesses in children is high, and there is a need for improved uptake of evidence‐based guidelines. In addition, the large number of children diagnosed with ‘wheeze/RAD’ suggests asthma is likely under‐diagnosed in this setting.
A unified empirical likelihood approach for testing MCAR and subsequent estimation
Authors: Zhang Shixiao , Han Peisong , Wu Changbao
Published: August 2018

For an estimation with missing data, a crucial step is to determine if the data are missing completely at random (MCAR), in which case a complete‐case analysis would suffice. Most existing tests for MCAR do not provide a method for a subsequent estimation once the MCAR is rejected. In the setting of estimating means, we propose a unified approach for testing MCAR and the subsequent estimation. Upon rejecting MCAR, the same set of weights used for testing can then be used for estimation. The resulting estimators are consistent if the missingness of each response variable depends only on a set of fully observed auxiliary variables and the true outcome regression model is among the user‐specified functions for deriving the weights. The proposed method is based on the calibration idea from survey sampling literature and the empirical likelihood theory.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE THRESHOLD OF VEHICLE INSTABILITY IN FLOODWATERS
Authors: Shah Syed Muzzamil Hussain , Mustaffa Zahiraniza , Yusof Khamaruzaman Wan
Published: August 2018

Flood risks concerned to vehicle’s instability have become more conspicuous and it is thus necessary to understand the behaviour of vehicles exposed to floodwaters. Therefore, this paper aims at investigating the thresholds of vehicle instability in floodwaters at different orientations. A stationary die-cast model vehicle (1:24) was used with the condition of rear tires being locked only, positioned at different orientation angles on a flat road surface in the partially submerged zone. Measurements were taken including the approaching velocities and water depths, through which the instability was computed. The study concludes that a partially submerged vehicle becomes instable at high water depths and low flow velocities and vice versa. Further, the vehicle was observed to be most stable when positioned at orientation angle of 0°/360°, with the limiting depth × velocity (D*V) value of 0.0168 m2/s. On the other hand, it was noted to be least stable when positioned at the orientation angle of 90° and 270°, with the limiting (D*V) value of 0.0144 m2/s. The outcomes from this study were later translated into guidelines.
Adherence of meta-aggregative systematic reviews to reporting standards and methodological guidance: a methodological review protocol
Authors: Munn Zachary , Dias Mafalda , Tufanaru Catalin , Porritt Kylie , Stern Cindy , Jordan Zoe , Aromataris Edoardo , Pearson Alan
Published: August 2018

Review objective:

The objective of the review is to examine Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) qualitative meta-aggregative reviews to determine:
Estresores en las prácticas clínicas de los estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad pública en Colombia
Authors: Arias Mosquera Leidy Yulieth , Montoya Gallo Lina Isabel , Villegas Henao Andrés Felipe , Rodríguez-Gázquez María de los Ángeles
Published: August 2018

Objetivos: identicar los estresores en las prácticas clínicas de los alumnos de la Facultad de Enfermería de una universidad pública de Antioquia (Colombia) y explorar la relación entre el grado de estrés y las variables sexo y semestre académico. Métodos: estudio cuantitativo de tipo transversal realizado durante el primer semestre académico de 2016. La población de estudio fueron todos los estudiantes de quinto a octavo semestres en práctica clínica. No se hizo muestreo. Los participantes contestaron por autorreporte la escala KEZKAK de Zupiría et al. que evalúa 41 estresores en las prácticas clínicas de los estudiantes de enfermería. Los puntajes mayores de 1,5 indican que hay estrés. Resultados: participaron 156 de los 224 estudiantes matriculados (69,6% del total). El promedio de la escala fue de 2,0, que equivale a un estrés moderado. En el 88% de los ítems mostraron algún grado de estrés (3 ítems con nivel alto ≥ 2,5: hacer mal mi trabajo y perjudicar al paciente, hacer daño físico al paciente, y confundirme de medicación). Se presentaron diferencias estadísticamente signicativas en el puntaje promedio total en las variables sexo (mayor en el femenino) y semestre académico (mayor en el quinto). Se encontró que los dominios del KESKAK con mayores puntajes fueron: falta de competencia (2,2), sobrecarga de trabajo (2,2), contacto con el sufrimiento (2,0) y que el paciente busque una relación íntima (2,0). Conclusión: los estudiantes de enfermería tienen un estrés moderado ocasionado por situaciones de la práctica clínica; predominan los factores relacionados con la falta de competencia y la sobrecarga de trabajo.
La acción directa en los seguros de responsabilidad civil: conveniencia e inconveniencia, tendencias legislativas actuales. El sistema español
Authors: Alarcón Fidalgo Joaquín , Benito Osma Félix
Published: August 2018

Los autores analizan la justificación de la acción directa en el seguro de responsabilidad civil en los diferentes ordenamientos jurídicos. Y, por otra parte, su expansión en los diferentes seguros obligatorios existentes en España. Además, detallan las excepciones que se plantean en la práctica con el ejercicio de la acción directa en los Tribunales y la problemática respecto a la cuantificación del daño indemnizable.
Microseguro familiar para alimentación, medicamentos y apoyo educativo: un producto con valor diferencial en caso de desempleo
Authors: Urrego Romero John Edisson , Beltrán Paipa Gladys Yaneth , Granados Díaz Manuel Alberto
Published: August 2018

El microseguro (MS) es un producto de protección a personas en condiciones de vulnerabilidad que brinda alternativas para mitigar el riesgo. El artículo quiere dar cuenta de la innovación que tiene un MS familiar en caso de desempleo al cubrir alimentación y brindar un apoyo para educación y medicamentos por 6 meses en poblaciones vulnerables al desempleo de los estratos 1, 2 y 3 de la ciudad de Bogotá. La metodología empleada fue un estudio de mercado que permitió establecer las condiciones desfavorables a nivel de empleabilidad formal e informal, alimentación y bienestar social en 3 barrios de Bogotá para establecer las coberturas y condiciones que debe tener la póliza del MS. Este proceso de realizó a través de un modelo actuarial que permitió calcular las Tasas Puras de Riesgo Mensuales TPRD(m) y TPRIT(m), Tasas Comerciales Mensuales TCD (m) y TCIT (m) para determinar las Primas Comerciales Mensuales PCD (m) y PCIT (m) de las coberturas para desempleo involuntario e incapacidad temporal. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos se valida la disponibilidad que tienen estas poblaciones para adquirir el MS que se caracteriza por su prima baja, cobertura de alimentación con un 20% en apoyo educativo y 20% de medicamentos sobre alguna de las tres alternativas de valor asegurado que puede tomar voluntariamente el consumidor para cumplir con la funcionalidad de mitigar los riesgos alimentarios y proteger el desarrollo familiar y social de cada una de estas poblaciones.
Indeterminación normativa y criterios de interpretación en los paneles arbitrales del CIADI. Un análisis de algunas de sus deficiencias procedimentales basado en el exigencia de “contribución al desarrollo del estado receptor” como requisito para acceder
Authors: Leturia Infante Francisco J.
Published: August 2018

En las últimas décadas hemos observado un creciente protagonismo de los actores judiciales en materia interpretativa, especialmente en aquellas vinculadas a conceptos indeterminados propios del derecho internacional, y más particularmente, de los derechos fundamentales. El trabajo postula que este mayor activismo judicial no puede ser apreciado ni justificado con iguales criterios en asuntos tan distintos como los conflictos entre derechos constitucionales (que admiten una mayor construcción judicial) o los temas comerciales y penales (en los que el apego a la norma y a la seguridad jurídica ofrecida debe ser mayor). Para justificar lo anterior, analiza los oscilantes criterios que han tenido los paneles arbitrales del Centro Internacional de Arreglo de Diferencias relativas a Inversiones (CIADI) en la evaluación del criterio central del sistema y que da el acceso a su jurisdicción: la inversión extranjera. A partir de ello, señala una serie de cuidados y precauciones que el sistema podría adoptar para mejorar sus estándares y prácticas jurídicas y hace un análisis basado en el rol y los criterios exigibles a los distintos tribunales en un sistema de justicia global.
Effect of Pregnancy on the Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Efavirenz and Lumefantrine in HIV-Malaria Coinfection
Authors: Adegbola Adebanjo , Abutaima Rana , Olagunju Adeniyi , Ijarotimi Omotade , Siccardi Marco , Owen Andrew , Soyinka Julius , Bolaji Oluseye
Published: August 2018

Artemether-lumefantrine is often coadministered with efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy for malaria treatment in HIV-infected women during pregnancy. Previous studies showed changes in lumefantrine pharmacokinetics due to interaction with efavirenz in nonpregnant adults.
Astigmatism and its components in 12-year-old Chinese children: the Anyang Childhood Eye Study
Authors: Li He , Li Shi-Ming , Liu Luo-Ru , Ji Ya-Zhou , Kang Meng-Tian , Gan Jia-He , Bai Ya-Wen , Yan Ran , Zhan Si-Yan , Mitchell Paul , Wang Ningli , Atchison David A
Published: August 2018

Purpose

To determine prevalence of refractive (RA), corneal (CA) and internal astigmatism (IA), including variation with gender and spherical equivalent refraction (SE), in a population of 12-year-old Chinese children.

Methods

A total of 1783 students with a mean age of 12.7 years (range 10.0–15.6 years) completed comprehensive eye examinations in the Anyang Childhood Eye Study. Data of cycloplegic refraction and corneal curvature were analysed.

Results

Prevalences of RA, CA and IA ≥1.0 D were 17.4% (95%CI 15.6% to 19.2%), 52.8% (50.5% to 55.1%)%) and 20.9% (19.0% to 22.8%), respectively. With different limits of astigmatism axes classification, including ±15°, ±20° and ±30°, RA and CA axes were mainly ‘with-the-rule’ (WTR) (ie, correcting axis of negative cylinders at or near 180°), while those for IA axes were mainly ‘against-the-rule’ (ATR) (ie, correcting axis of negative cylinders at or near 90°). RA was not different between the genders, but girls had higher prevalence and greater means of CA and IA. RA and CA increased in students with higher ametropia (more myopia and more hyperopia) and were the highest in a high myopic group (SE≤−6 D), while IA was stable across refraction groups. Children with RA higher than 0.50 D were more likely to have lens corrections (51%, 57%, 61% and 69% for magnitudes of ≥0.50 D, ≥0.75 D, ≥1.0 D and ≥1.5 D, respectively).

Conclusions

Prevalence of RA in the Chinese 12-year-old children was relatively high compared with other studies. RA and CA had mainly ‘WTR’ astigmatism, while IA was mainly ATR and partially compensated for CA. Girls had greater means and prevalences of CA and IA than did boys. Both RA and CA, but not IA, increased with refractive errors away from emmetropia.
Modelling salmon migration as a mixture problem
Authors: McKinnell Skip
Published: August 2018

Pulses of abundance in salmon migrations can arise from single populations arriving at different times, from multiple populations with different timing characteristics, or as a combination of these. Daily observations typically record an aggregate measure of abundance passing some location rather than the abundances of the individual components. An objective method is described that partitions a compound migration into its component parts by exploiting differences in the characteristics of each pulse. Simulated data were used to demonstrate when greater model complexity may be desirable. Three case studies of increasing complexity (Chilko Lake sockeye salmon smolts (Oncorhynchus nerka), large adult Columbia River Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), Fraser River salmon test fishery) demonstrate how the model can be applied in practice. Results indicated that Chilko Lake smolts rarely emigrate to sea as a single pulse, that the dates used to distinguish the spring run of Chinook salmon in the Columbia River may be overestimating its abundance, and that pulses of sockeye salmon abundance in a Fraser River ocean test fishery in 2014 may have arisen from some factor other than population composition.
The Consequences of Uncertainty: Climate Sensitivity and Economic Sensitivity to the Climate
Authors: Hassler John , Krusell Per , Olovsson Conny
Published: August 2018

We construct an integrated assessment model with multiple energy sources—two fossil fuels and green energy—and use it to evaluate ranges of plausible estimates for the climate sensitivity, as well as for the sensitivity of the economy to climate change. Rather than focusing explicitly on uncertainty, we look at extreme scenarios defined by the upper and lower limits given in available studies in the literature. We compare optimal policy with laissez faire, and we point out the possible policy errors that could arise. By far the largest policy error arises when the climate policy is overly passive; overly zealous climate policy (i.e., a high carbon tax applied when climate change and its negative impacts on the economy are very limited) does not hurt the economy much as there is considerable substitutability between fossil and nonfossil energy sources.
Econometric Methods for Program Evaluation
Authors: Abadie Alberto , Cattaneo Matias D.
Published: August 2018

Program evaluation methods are widely applied in economics to assess the effects of policy interventions and other treatments of interest. In this article, we describe the main methodological frameworks of the econometrics of program evaluation. In the process, we delineate some of the directions along which this literature is expanding, discuss recent developments, and highlight specific areas where new research may be particularly fruitful.
Airway epithelial compression promotes airway smooth muscle proliferation and contraction
Authors: Lan Bo , Mitchel Jennifer A. , O’Sullivan Michael J. , Park Chan Young , Kim Jae Hun , Cole William C. , Butler James P. , Park Jin-Ah
Published: August 2018

During acute bronchoconstriction, the airway epithelium becomes mechanically compressed, as airway smooth muscle contracts and the airway narrows. This mechanical compression activates airway epithelium to promote asthmatic airway remodeling. However, whether compressed airway epithelium can feed back on the cause of bronchoconstriction has remained an open question. Here we examine the potential for epithelial compression to augment proliferation and contraction of airway smooth muscle, and thus potentiate further bronchoconstriction and epithelial compression. Well-differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells maintained in air-liquid interface culture were mechanically compressed to mimic the effect of bronchoconstriction. Primary human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells were incubated with conditioned media collected from mechanically compressed HBE cells to examine the effect of epithelial-derived mediators on HASM cell proliferation using an EdU assay and HASM cell contraction using traction microscopy. An endothelin receptor antagonist, PD-145065, was employed to probe the role of HBE cell-derived endothelin-1 on the proliferation and contraction of HASM cells. Conditioned media from compressed HBE cells increased HASM cell proliferation, independent of the endothelin-1 signaling pathway. However, conditioned media from compressed HBE cells significantly increased HASM cell basal contraction and histamine-induced contraction, both of which depended on the endothelin-1 signaling pathway. Our data demonstrate that mechanical compression of bronchial epithelial cells contributes to proliferation and basal contraction of airway smooth muscle cells and that augmented contraction depends on epithelial cell-derived endothelin-1. By means of both airway smooth muscle remodeling and contractility, our findings suggest a causal role of epithelial compression on asthma pathogenesis.
DEM-CFD Modeling of Proppant Pillar Deformation and Stability during the Fracturing Fluid Flowback
Authors: Zhu Haiyan , Shen Jiadong , Zhang Fengshou , Huang Bo , Zhang Liaoyuan , Huang Wei , McLennan John D.
Published: August 2018

In this study, proppant pillar deformation and stability during the fracturing fluid flowback of channel fracturing was simulated with DEM-CFD- (discrete element method-computational fluid dynamics-) coupling method. Fibers were modeled by implementing the bonded particle model for contacts between particles. In the hydraulic fracture-closing period, the height of the proppant pillar decreases gradually and the diameter increases as the closing stress increases. In the fracturing fluid flowback period, proppant particles could be driven away from the pillar by the fluid flow and cause the instability of the proppant pillar. The proppant flowback could occur easily with large proppant pillar height or a large fluid pressure gradient. Both the pillar height and the pillar diameter to spacing ratio are key parameters for the design of channel fracturing. Increasing the fiber-bonding strength could enhance the stability of the proppant pillar.
Chemical Differentiation of Genetically Identified Atractylodes japonica, A. macrocephala, and A. chinensis Rhizomes Using High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography with Chemometric Analysis
Authors: Kim Jung-Hoon , Doh Eui-Jeong , Lee Guemsan
Published: August 2018

The rhizome of Atractylodes japonica, which is a herbal medicine used for gastrointestinal therapeutics, has been categorized with A. macrocephala rhizome or A. chinensis rhizome based on different therapeutic criteria in Korea, China, and Japan. In the present study, 61 A. japonica, A. macrocephala, and A. chinensis rhizomes were collected from Korea and China and were genetically identified by internal transcribed spacer sequencing analysis. Chromatographic profiles were obtained from high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis of the methanol and hot‐water extracts of Atractylodes rhizomes and chemical differentiation of the rhizomes was carried out using chemometric statistical analyses such as principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis. The results from chromatographic profiles and chemometric analyses demonstrate that A. japonica rhizomes showed apparent chemical differences from A. macrocephala and A. chinensis rhizomes in the methanol extracts. In contrast, no clear distinction was apparent for the hot‐water extracts of Atractylodes rhizomes, especially A. chinensis rhizomes. These results indicate that there is a clear chemical difference between A. japonica and A. macrocephala rhizomes; however, the chemical diversity of A. chinensis rhizome shows different chemical relationships with A. japonica or A. macrocephala rhizome, dependent on the chemical features.
A Short Turning Strategy for Train Scheduling Optimization in an Urban Rail Transit Line: The Case of Beijing Subway Line 4
Authors: Zhang Miao , Wang Yihui , Su Shuai , Tang Tao , Ning Bin
Published: August 2018

In urban rail transit systems, train scheduling plays an important role in improving the transport capacity to alleviate the urban traffic pressure of huge passenger demand and reducing the operation costs for operators. This paper considers the train scheduling with short turning strategy for an urban rail transit line with multiple depots. In addition, the utilization of trains is also taken into consideration. First, we develop a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model for the train scheduling, where short turning train services and full-length train services are optimized based on the predefined headway obtained by the passenger demand analysis. The MINLP model is then transformed into a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model according to several transformation properties. The resulting MILP problem can be solved efficiently by existing solvers, e.g., CPLEX. Two case studies with different scales are constructed to assess the performance of train schedules with the short turning strategy based on the data of Beijing Subway line 4. The simulation results show that the reduction of the utilization of trains is about 20.69%.
Time Evolution of Floquet States in Graphene
Authors: Manghi F. , Puviani M. , Lenzini F.
Published: August 2018

Based on a solution of the Floquet Hamiltonian we have studied the time evolution of electronic states in graphene nanoribbons driven out of equilibrium by time-dependent electromagnetic fields in different regimes of intensity, polarization, and frequency. We show that the time-dependent band structure contains many unconventional features that are not captured by considering the Floquet eigenvalues alone. By analyzing the evolution in time of the state population we have identified regimes for the emergence of time-dependent edge states responsible for charge oscillations across the ribbon.
Jumping Breast Phenomenon Following Subcutaneous Mastectomy: First Description and Grading of a Well-Known Breast Deformity
Authors: Kümmel Sherko , Kümmel Aylin , Hagemann Friederike , Rüland Anna , Dittmer-Grabowski Christine , Botzenhardt Suzan , Blohmer Jens-Uwe , Reinisch Mattea
Published: August 2018

Introduction: One of the goals of breast cancer surgery is to preserve the breast. However, where this is not possible, various breast reconstructive procedures are available. The most common procedure is the immediate insertion of a subpectoral implant after removing the breast tissue. A significant challenge involving subpectoral implants is the deformation of the breast upon contraction of the pectoral muscle causing elevation of the breast and development of wrinkles or ripples in the caudal and cranial quadrants (jumping breast), especially in slim patients with a thin subcutaneous fat layer. Methods: While the jumping breast phenomenon after augmentation is well-known in cosmetic breast surgery, it has never been systematically described. In oncologic breast surgery, this deformity, which at times can be quite severe, has been ignored thus far. Results and Conclusion: In this paper, we present an initial distinction of grades for the so-called jumping breast, show examples for the different grades of severity of breast deformity in response to tensing of the pectoral muscle, and further describe different primary and secondary procedures for the prevention of the jumping breast phenomenon. By means of a 2-stage procedure, we can prevent this complication and reduce the risk of breast deformity after implant-based breast reconstruction.
Anatomical Study of Percutaneous Trigeminal Compressive Balloon Positioning on Merged 3-D Rotational X-Ray and Preprocedural Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Sandwell Stephen , Montoya Simone , Towner James E. , Markman John D. , Schell Michael C. , Bhalla Tarun
Published: August 2018

Background: Percutaneous trigeminal rhizotomy or balloon compression for trigeminal neuralgia carries a potential risk for the brainstem, the carotid artery, and the basilar artery. Objective: To detail the relation of critical neural and vascular structures to expanded balloons used for percutaneous compression of the trigeminal ganglion. Method: A retrospective analysis of preprocedural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and procedural X-ray-based imaging for 9 patients detailed balloon proximity to the brainstem, carotid artery, and basilar artery. Results: Balloons extended 10.96 ± 5.54 mm (mean ± SD) posterior to the clival line. The average distance from the balloon to the brainstem was 6.89 mm, and that to the basilar artery was 12.12 mm (range: 0–18.2). The medial edge of the balloon was an average distance of 1.39 mm from the baseline position of the carotid lumen. Conclusion: Preprocedural MRI, merged with 3-D rotational angiography suite imaging, detailed the proximity of the balloon to critical neural and vascular structures. Our study found that the standard technique for percutaneous trigeminal compression, with balloon placement at an average depth of 10.96 mm posterior to the clival line, on average, provided an additional 6.89 mm of space before the brainstem would have been encountered, demonstrating safe positioning.
Effect of Anti-Hypertensive Medication History on Arteriovenous Fistula Maturation Outcomes
Authors: Wang Ke , Zelnick Leila R. , Imrey Peter B. , deBoer Ian H. , Himmelfarb Jonathan , Allon Michael D. , Cheung Alfred K. , Dember Laura M. , Roy-Chaudhury Prabir , Vazquez Miguel A. , Kusek John W. , Feldman Harold I. , Beck Gerald J. , Kestenbaum Bryan ,   the Hemodialysis Fistula Maturation Study Group
Published: August 2018

Background: The arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred vascular access for hemodialysis. However, approximately half of AVFs fail to mature. The use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) exerts favorable endothelial effects and may promote AVF maturation. We tested associations of ACE-I and ARBs, CCBs, beta-blockers, and diuretics with the maturation of newly created AVFs. Methods: We evaluated 602 participants from the Hemodialysis Fistula Maturation Study, a multi-center, prospective cohort study of AVF maturation. We ascertained the use of each medication class within 45 days of AVF creation surgery. We defined maturation outcomes by clinical use within 9 months of surgery or 4 weeks of initiating hemodialysis. Results: Unassisted AVF maturation failure without intervention occurred in 54.0% of participants, and overall AVF maturation failure (with or without intervention) occurred in 30.1%. After covariate adjustment, CCB use was associated with a 25% lower risk of overall AVF maturation failure (95% CI 3%–41% lower) but a non-significant 10% lower risk of unassisted maturation failure (95% CI 23% lower to 5% higher). ACE-I/ARB, beta-blocker, and diuretic use was not significantly associated with AVF maturation outcomes. None of the antihypertensive medication classes were associated with changes in AVF diameter or blood flow over 6 weeks following surgery. Conclusions: CCB use may be associated with a lower risk of overall AVF maturation failure. Further studies are needed to determine whether CCBs might play a causal role in improving AVF maturation outcomes.
Prodigiosin Inhibits Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Nasopharyngeal Cancer Cells
Authors: Liu Yongze , Zhou Han , Ma Xiaofeng , Lin Chuanyao , Lu Ling , Liu Dingding , Ma Dengbin , Gao Xia , Qian Xiao Yun
Published: August 2018

Background/Aims: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma remains a devastating and difficult disease to treat. This study explores the antineoplastic effect of prodigiosin on nasopharyngeal cancer cells. Methods: Human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE2 cells and human normal nasopharyngeal epithelial NP69 cells were obtained and treated with prodigiosin or fluorouracil (5-FU). Colony formation assay was performed to screen for the optimal experimental concentrations of prodigiosin and 5-FU, and MTT assay was used to examine cell proliferative ability. Flow cytometry was used to examine cell cycle distribution, the scratch test was employed to examine cell migration, and Transwell migration assay (Boyden chamber) was used to study cell invasion. Results: The optimal concentrations of prodigiosin and 5-FU for treatment were 4 mg/L and 0.35 mg/L, respectively. Both prodigiosin and 5-FU inhibited tumor cell proliferation. The percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase was higher and the percentage of cells in S phase was lower in the prodigiosin and 5-FU groups than in the untreated groups. Both prodigiosin and 5-FU inhibited tumor cell migration and tumor cell invasion. Conclusions: Our results suggest that prodigiosin can inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.
MiR-543 Promotes Migration, Invasion and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Esophageal Cancer Cells by Targeting Phospholipase A2 Group IVA
Authors: Zhao Huaying , Diao Changying , Wang Xiaohui , Xie Yilin , Liu Yaqing , Gao Xianzheng , Han Jing , Li Shenglei
Published: August 2018

Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of miR-543 and phospholipase A2 group IVA (PLA2G4A) in cell mobility and the invasiveness cascade in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and to validate the interactive relationship between miR-543 and PLA2G4A. Methods: Microarray analysis showed the different expression levels of PLA2G4A in two ESCC cell lines (KYSE30 and KYSE180). The expression levels of miR-543 and PLA2G4A in ESCC tissues were confirmed by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. The targeted relationship between miR-543 and PLA2G4A was studied and verified by a luciferase activity assay. Then, the invasion and metastasis ability of ESCC cell lines transfected with miR-543 mimics, miR-543 inhibitor, or PLA2G4A and miR-543 mimics were analyzed separately by Transwell migration and invasion assays. In addition, the roles of miR-543 and PLA2G4A in the expression of E-cadherin and vimentin were also investigated. Results: PLA2G4A up-regulated the level of E-cadherin and down-regulated the level of vimentin, which curbed ESCC cell mobility and invasion. In ESCC cells, the expression of miR-543 was significantly higher, whereas the expression of PLA2G4A was markedly lower. MiR-543 facilitated ESCC cell mobility and invasion by repressing PLA2G4A. Conclusions: MiR-543 enhanced the cell mobility and the invasiveness cascade in ESCC cells via the down-regulation of PLA2G4A expression.
Sustainable Consumption: Scope and Applicability of Principles of International Law
Authors: CHATURVEDI Ipshita
Published: August 2018

The role of sustainable development has been increasingly recognized in international environmental law as a way to reconcile poverty eradication and resource exploitation with environmental protection. By contrast, little attention has been given to the concept of sustainable consumption. When international law mentions sustainable consumption, consumption and production are generally considered together, for instance in Goal 12 of the Sustainable Development Goals, addressing responsible consumption and production, and in UNEP’s 10-year sustainable ‘consumption and production programme.’ While some research on sustainable consumption has been conducted in sociology and anthropology, the focus in international environmental law has remained on production rather than consumption. This article seeks to open up a discussion on how consumption should be viewed and defined legally, and the role that law could play in promoting sustainable consumption.
Three new species of the Indo-Pacific stingfish genus Minous (Synanceiidae: Minoinae) with redescriptions of M. trachycephalus (Bleeker 1855) and M. pictus Günther 1880
Authors: MATSUNUMA MIZUKI , MOTOMURA HIROYUKI
Published: August 2018

Three new species of Minous (Synanceiidae: Minoinae) are described. Minous roseus sp. nov., based on 13 specimens from northwestern Australia and the Maldives, is characterized by the following combination of characters: usually XI, 11 dorsal-fin rays; usually II, 9 anal-fin rays; head depth 18.8–21.6% (mean 20.0%) of SL; basal portion of pectoral fin inner surface with black stripes radiating along rays on yellow membranes; and largely pinkish or yellowish body. Although Minous groeneveldi sp. nov., based on a single specimen from Bali, Indonesia, resembles M. roseus, the former differs in having blunt anterior and posterior lacrimal spines with both tips canted ventrally, the eye positioned relatively low on the head and relatively dark body coloration. Minous roseus and M. groeneveldi have also been photographed underwater in North Sulawesi. Minous radiatus sp. nov., based on 54 specimens from the northwestern Pacific Ocean, from the South China Sea and Philippines north to Taiwan, has previously been confused with Minous pictus Günther 1880 (now restricted to Australia and New Guinea). However, M. radiatus differs from M. pictus in having a narrower space between the interorbital ridges, shorter pelvic-fin base, and the pectoral fin inner surface largely yellow, with narrow dark stripes along the rays (relatively large, elongate blotches along the rays in M. pictus). Minous pictus was redescribed from 10 specimens, including a newly-designated lectotype. Minous trachycephalus (Bleeker 1855), related to M. roseus and M. groeneveldi, was also redescribed (with a revised diagnosis), based on the holotype and many specimens from the Indo-West Pacific region. In addition, two examples of Minous andriashevi Mandrytsa 1990, collected off Somalia, are recognized as a new record of the species, previously known only from the holotype collected off the Seychelles. A revised key to species of Minous is also provided.
Tropical Cyclone Track Sensitivity in Deformation Steering Flow
Authors: Torn Ryan D. , Elless Travis J. , Papin Philippe P. , Davis Christopher A.
Published: August 2018

Previous studies have suggested that tropical cyclones (TCs) in deformation steering flows can be associated with large position errors and uncertainty. The goal of this study is to evaluate the sensitivity of position forecasts for three TCs within deformation wind fields [Debby (2012), Joaquin (2015), and Lionrock (2016)] using the ensemble-based sensitivity technique applied to European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ensemble forecasts. In all three cases, the position forecasts are sensitive to uncertainty in the steering wind within 500 km of the 0-h TC position. Subsequently, the TC moves onto either side of the axis of contraction due to the ensemble perturbation steering flow. As a TC moves away from the saddle point, the ensemble members subsequently experience different ensemble-mean steering winds, which act to move the TC away from the ensemble-mean TC position along the axis of dilatation. By contrast, the position forecasts appear to exhibit less sensitivity to the steering wind more than 500 km from the initial TC position, even though the TC may interact with these features later in the forecast. Furthermore, forecasts initialized at later times are characterized by significantly lower position errors and uncertainty once it becomes clear on which side of the axis of contraction the TC will move. These results suggest that TCs in deformation steering flow could be inherently unpredictable and may benefit from densely sampling the near-storm steering flow and TC structure early in their lifetimes.
Natural wastes as particle filler for poly(lactic acid)-based composites
Authors: Battegazzore Daniele , Noori Amir , Frache Alberto
Published: August 2018

The paper describes the production and the mechanical characteristics of composites made completely of renewable raw materials. Several wastes or by-products from agro-industrial production namely hemp hurd, alfalfa, and grape stem were analyzed with respect to their thermal stability, morphological, and chemical composition in an attempt to validate their use in composites. Such natural particle fillers were used in the range of 10–50 wt% in combination with poly(lactic acid) by melt blending to obtain fully bio-based composites. These fillers were responsible for a noteworthy increase in the storage modulus. Furthermore, two micromechanical models (Voigt and Halpin–Tsai) were used to mathematically fitted the experimental data, and then the unknown moduli were extrapolated and compared with other natural fillers. Finally, the flexural strength of the bio-composites and the adhesion evaluation by exploiting Pukanszky’s model were carried out. As a result, the hemp hurd in the form of chips was the best investigated filler, which showed the highest calculated modulus of 10.5 GPa (Voigt) and the best filler–matrix interaction with “B” (Pukanszky’s coefficient) of 2.10. This information can be useful when comparison and selection of a suitable filler among the natural fillers are required.
An integrated artificial neural network–unscented Kalman filter vehicle sideslip angle estimation based on inertial measurement unit measurements
Authors: Novi Tommaso , Capitani Renzo , Annicchiarico Claudio
Published: August 2018

Vehicle dynamics stability control systems rely on the amount of so-called sideslip angle and yaw rate. As the sideslip angle can be measured directly only with very expensive sensors, its estimation has been widely studied in the literature. Because of the large non-linearities and uncertainties in the dynamics, model-based methods are not a good solution to estimate the sideslip angle. On the contrary, machine learning techniques require large datasets that cover the entire working range for a correct estimation. In this paper, we propose an integrated artificial neural network and unscented Kalman filter observer using only inertial measurement unit measurements, which can work as a standalone sensor. The artificial neural network is trained solely with numerical data obtained with a Vi-Grade model and outputs a pseudo-sideslip angle which is used as input for the unscented Kalman filter. This is based on a kinematic model making the filter completely transparent to model uncertainty. A direct integration with integral damping and integral reset value allows the estimation of the longitudinal velocity of the kinematic model. A modification strategy of the pseudo-sideslip angle is then proposed to improve the convergence of the filter’s output. The algorithm is tested on both numerical data and experimental data. The results show the effectiveness of the solution.
Why We Hate
Authors: Fischer Agneta , Halperin Eran , Canetti Daphna , Jasini Alba
Published: August 2018

We offer a functional perspective on hate, showing that hate has a unique pattern of appraisals and action tendencies. Hate is based on perceptions of a stable, negative disposition of persons or groups. We hate persons and groups more because of who they are, than because of what they do. Hate has the goal to eliminate its target. Hate is especially significant at the intergroup level, where it turns already devalued groups into victims of hate. When shared among group members, hate can spread fast in conflict zones where people are exposed to hate-based violence, which further feeds their hate. Hate can be reassuring and self-protective, because its message is simple and helps confirming people’s belief in a just world.
Correction to: Hpv DNA in saliva from patients with SCC of the head and neck is specific for p16-positive oropharyngeal tumours
Authors: Wasserman Jason K. , Rourke Ryan , Purgina Bibianna , Caulley Lisa , Dimitroulakos Jim , Corsten Martin , Johnson-Obaseki Stephanie
Published: August 2018

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported an error in one of the author names. In this Correction the incorrect and correct author names are listed.
Workshops: an important element in medical education
Authors: Belay Hiberet Tessema , Ó Ruairc Brían , Guérandel Allys
Published: August 2018

Workshops are used in many psychiatric teaching and learning contexts, from undergraduate to continuing professional development. Most psychiatrists have at some time attended a workshop. However, the terms workshop, tutorial and small-group teaching are used indiscriminately. It is therefore important to reflect on what characterises a workshop, the learning theories behind their development and what learning needs workshops best meet. We give an outline of the evidence for workshops in medical education and review the principles governing how to conduct workshops and the use of technology to enhance their delivery. Data collected from an undergraduate psychiatry course delivered in an Irish university are used to illustrate how applying these principles contributes to optimising the use of workshops from both the learners’ and facilitators’ perspective.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

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Understand what an educational workshop is

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Be able to relate workshops to current approaches in medical education

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Appreciate the use of an effective educational workshop

DECLARATION OF INTEREST

None.
Effects of behavioural activation on the neural circuit related to intrinsic motivation
Authors: Mori Asako , Okamoto Yasumasa , Okada Go , Takagaki Koki , Takamura Masahiro , Jinnin Ran , Ichikawa Naho , Yamamura Takanao , Yokoyama Satoshi , Shiota Syouichi , Yoshino Atsuo , Miyake Yoshie , Okamoto Yuri , Matsumoto Madoka , Matsumoto Kenji , Yamawaki Shigeto
Published: August 2018

Background

Behavioural activation is an efficient treatment for depression and can improve intrinsic motivation. Previous studies have revealed that the frontostriatal circuit is involved in intrinsic motivation; however, there are no data on how behavioural activation affects the frontostriatal circuit.

Aims

We aimed to investigate behavioural activation-related changes in the frontostriatal circuit.

Method

Fifty-nine individuals with subthreshold depression were randomly assigned to either the intervention or non-intervention group. The intervention group received five weekly behavioural activation sessions. The participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning on two separate occasions while performing a stopwatch task based on intrinsic motivation. We investigated changes in neural activity and functional connectivity after behavioural activation.

Results

After behavioural activation, the intervention group had increased activation and connectivity in the frontostriatal region compared with the non-intervention group. The increased activation in the right middle frontal gyrus was correlated with an improvement of subjective sensitivity to environmental rewards.

Conclusions

Behavioural activation-related changes to the frontostriatal circuit advance our understanding of psychotherapy-induced improvements in the neural basis of intrinsic motivation.

Declaration of interest

None.
Swe1 and Mih1 regulate mitotic spindle dynamics in budding yeast via Bik1
Authors: Raspelli Erica , Facchinetti Silvia , Fraschini Roberta
Published: August 2018

The mitotic spindle is a very dynamic structure that is built de novo and destroyed at each round of cell division. In order to perform its fundamental function during chromosome segregation, mitotic spindle dynamics must be tightly coordinated with other cell cycle events. These changes are driven by several protein kinases, phosphatases and microtubule-associated proteins. In budding yeast, the kinase Swe1 and the phosphatase Mih1 act in concert in controlling the phosphorylation state of Cdc28, the catalytic subunit of Cdk1, the major regulator of the cell cycle. In this study we show that Swe1 and Mih1 are also involved in the control of mitotic spindle dynamics. Our data indicate that Swe1 and the Polo-like kinase Cdc5 control the balance between phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms of Mih1, which is, in turn, important for mitotic spindle elongation. Moreover, we show that the microtubule-associated protein Bik1 is a phosphoprotein, and that Swe1 and Mih1 are both involved in controlling phosphorylation of Bik1. These results uncover new players and provide insights into the complex regulation of mitotic spindle dynamics.