bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Canonical babbling trajectories across the first year of life in autism and typical development
Authors: Long Helen L. , Ramsay Gordon , Bene Edina R. , Su Pumpki Lei , Yoo Hyunjoo , Klaiman Cheryl , Pulver Stormi L , Richardson Shana , Pileggi Moira L. , Brane Natalie , Oller D. Kimbrough
Published: May 2024

This study explores vocal development as an early marker of autism, focusing on canonical babbling rate and onset, typically established by 7 months. Previous reports suggested delayed or reduced canonical babbling in infants later diagnosed with autism, but the story may be complicated. We present a prospective study on 44 infants later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder compared with 127 infants later identified as typically developing who were followed longitudinally with day-long recordings from 0 to 13 months. Eight 5-min segments from each of their recordings were coded for canonical and noncanonical syllables. The results confirmed many reports that canonical babbling is a robust feature of human vocal development in the first year of life, with small overall mean differences in canonical babbling rates between the autism spectrum disorder and typically developing groups beginning around 9 months, primarily in males. Our findings highlight the importance of considering sex differences in vocal communication as part of the early detection and diagnosis of autism when determining the need for communication supports to maximize outcomes.

Lay Abstract

Our study examined how babies develop their ability to talk to help identify early signs of autism. We looked at babies’ production of babbling with mature syllables across the first year of life. Babies usually start producing mature babbling at 7 months of age before they say their first words. Some studies have suggested that babies who are later diagnosed with autism produce this kind of babbling less frequently in their first year of life, but other studies have shown complicated outcomes. In this new study, we followed 44 autistic babies and compared them to 127 typically developing babies. We recorded the babies once every month, all day long, from the time that they were born until they were around 13 months old. Then, we studied their mature babbling from segments of these recordings. We found that the rate at which babies used mature babbling was lower in boys with autism, and higher in girls with autism, compared to babies without autism. This research helps us understand how babies with autism learn to talk. It also raises important questions about differences between boys and girls with autism. Our study can help us improve how scientists and clinicians can identify autism earlier, which could lead to better communication supports for autistic children and their families.
A novel deep learning technique for medical image analysis using improved optimizer
Authors: Agarwal Vertika , Lohani MC , Bist Ankur Singh
Published: May 2024

Application of Convolutional neural network in spectrum of Medical image analysis are providing benchmark outputs which converges the interest of many researchers to explore it in depth. Latest preprocessing technique Real ESRGAN (Enhanced super resolution generative adversarial network) and GFPGAN (Generative facial prior GAN) are proving their efficacy in providing high resolution dataset. Objective: Optimizer plays a vital role in upgrading the functioning of CNN model. Different optimizers like Gradient descent, Stochastic Gradient descent, Adagrad, Adadelta and Adam etc. are used for classification and segmentation of Medical image but they suffer from slow processing due to their large memory requirement. Stochastic Gradient descent suffers from high variance and is computationally expensive. Dead neuron problem also proves to detrimental to the performance of most of the optimizers. A new optimization technique Gradient Centralization is providing the unparalleled result in terms of generalization and execution time. Method: Our paper explores the next factor which is the employment of new optimization technique, Gradient centralization (GC) to our integrated framework (Model with advanced preprocessing technique). Result and conclusion: Integrated Framework of Real ESRGAN and GFPGAN with Gradient centralization provides an optimal solution for deep learning models in terms of Execution time and Loss factor improvement.
From photo documentation to photo diagrams: a technique to make civic ecologies present and legible
Authors: Jane Jones Sarah , Crosby Alexandra , Vanni Ilaria
Published: May 2024

The visualization of nature in cities fundamentally impacts how we imagine the urban environment and our role in caring for it. Across Australia, the project of urban renewal imagines and designs specific typologies of urban nature. These typologies can obscure grass root forms of environmental stewardship and their connection through civic ecologies. Yet, at this time of environmental change, residents’ engagement with urban ecologies is vital. What role might visual communication play in helping to make these civic ecologies initiatives more legible? This article discusses an experiment creating photo diagrams, which expands visual methodologies used in place-based research, such as photo documentation and visual ethnography. Iterative photography augmented by ethnographies enables us to ‘read’ the landscape. Diagrams support us in expanding the photographs in three crucial moves. First, desaturation reveals examples of civic ecologies. Second, tracing exposes the networks and relations that constitute them. And, third, text and lines of flight draw out how civic ecologies extend beyond specific sites and connect to other places. In this way, this article makes three contributions. The first is to experiment with ways to make grass root civic ecologies legible in their complexities to recuperate practices marginalized by top-down socio-ecological processes of urban renewal. The second proposes photo diagrams as a medium moving between photography as descriptive documentation and documentation of non-representational dimensions. Finally, the third brings a visual communication perspective into debates on conveying the non-representational in visual form.
Fostering participation and change through action research conducted with youth in the foster care system – A note from the field
Authors: Smeyne Catelyn N.
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this note from the field is to review the current state of action research studies involving young people currently or recently involved in the foster care system in the United States. Young people in foster care often report feeling that they have little opportunity for advocacy or self-directed change during their time in the system. Action research is presented as an approach to research that appears to provide opportunities for self-advocacy and real-world change among youth in the foster care system. While noting some challenges associated with recruitment and attrition while working with youth in foster care, this note emphasizes the promising potential of action research as a tool to increase youth autonomy and well-being while generating meaningful knowledge and social change within the U.S foster care system. The note, based on a database search that included 636 articles 2013–2023, hopes to contribute to advancing youth-led research in foster care.
Efficacy Analysis of Bortezomib Combined with Lenalidomide in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma with 1q21 Gain/Amp
Authors: Zhou Qiaolin , Wen Jingjing , Xu Fang , Yue Jing , Zhang Ya , Su Jing , Liu Yiping
Published: May 2024

Objective

1q21 gain/Amp is one of the most common cytogenetic abnormalities. There are controversies about its effects on prognosis and may be associated with inferior outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). To explore the optimal induction treatment, we analyzed and compared the efficacy of combinations of bortezomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone (VRD) and only bortezomib-based triplet regimens without lenalidomide (only bortezomib-based) as induction therapy in patients with NDMM with 1q21 gain/Amp.

Methods

Seventy-six NDMM patients with 1q21 gain/Amp who were admitted to our center from 2016 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed in this study. The progression and efficacy of the patients were observed.

Results

Within our study group, the overall survival rate stood at 75.0%, and the progression-free survival (PFS) rate reached 40.8% in NDMM patients with 1q21 gain/Amp. The best outcome assessment was that 17.1% achieved complete response (CR) and 44.7% achieved very good partial response (VGPR). Patients in the VRD group had a deeper response (VGPR: 63.6% vs 37.0%, P = 0.034), lower disease progression rate (31.8% vs 70.3%, P = 0.002), longer sustained remission (median 49.7 months vs 18.3 months, P = 0.030), and longer PFS (median 61.9 months vs 22.9 months, P = 0.032) than those treated with only bortezomib-based induction therapy. No significant differences were found among patients with partial response or better (86.4% vs 77.8%, P = 0.532) or CR (27.3% vs 13.0%, P = 0.180). Multivariate analysis showed that only bortezomib-based induction therapy ( P = 0.003, HR 0.246, 95% CI 0.097-0.620), International Staging System stage III ( P = 0.003, HR 3.844, 95% CI 1.588-9.308) and LMR <3.6 ( P = 0.032, HR 0.491, 95% CI 0.257-0.940) were significantly associated with adverse PFS.

Conclusions

When compared with the sequential administration of bortezomib and lenalidomide or only bortezomib-based protocols, NDMM patients with 1q21 gain/Amp may benefit more from VRD as initial treatments.
Exploring Guolin Qigong (Mind-Body Exercise) for Improving Cancer Related Fatigue in Cancer Survivors: A Mixed Method Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol
Authors: Low Sara L. K. , Ho Gwo Fuang , Liu Bingkai , Koh Eng-Siew , Fei Yutong , Teo Chiah Shean , Zhu Xiaoshu
Published: May 2024

Background:

Cancer-related fatigue and its associated symptoms of sleep disorder and depression are prevalent in cancer survivors especially among breast, lung, and colorectal cancer survivors. While there is no gold standard for treating cancer-related fatigue currently, studies of mind-body exercises such as Qigong have reported promise in reducing symptoms. This study was designed to evaluate the feasibility and effect of Guolin Qigong on cancer-related fatigue and other symptoms in breast, lung and colorectal cancer survivors while exploring their perceptions and experiences of Guolin Qigong intervention.

Methods:

This is an open-label randomized controlled trial with 60 participants divided into 2 study groups in a 1:1 ratio. The intervention group will receive 12 weeks of Guolin Qigong intervention with a 4-week follow-up while control will receive usual care under waitlist. The primary outcome will be feasibility measured based on recruitment and retention rates, class attendance, home practice adherence, nature, and quantum of missing data as well as safety. The secondary subjective outcomes of fatigue, sleep quality and depression will be measured at Week-1 (baseline), Week-6 (mid-intervention), Week-12 (post-intervention), and Week-16 (4 weeks post-intervention) while an objective 24-hour urine cortisol will be measured at Week-1 (baseline) and Week-12 (post-intervention). We will conduct a semi-structured interview individually with participants within 3 months after Week-16 (4 weeks post-intervention) to obtain a more comprehensive view of practice adherence.

Discussion:

This is the first mixed-method study to investigate the feasibility and effect of Guolin Qigong on breast, lung, and colorectal cancer survivors to provide a comprehensive understanding of Guolin Qigong’s intervention impact and participants’ perspectives. The interdisciplinary collaboration between Western Medicine and Chinese Medicine expertise of this study ensures robust study design, enhanced participant care, rigorous data analysis, and meaningful interpretation of results. This innovative research contributes to the field of oncology and may guide future evidence-based mind-body interventions to improve cancer survivorship.

Trial registration:

This study has been registered with ANZCTR (ACTRN12622000688785p), was approved by Medical Research Ethic Committee of University Malaya Medical Centre (MREC ID NO: 2022323-11092) and recognized by Western Sydney University Human Research Ethics Committee (RH15124).
Sometimes Steroids Get a Bad Rap
Authors: Goodman Jeffrey H.
Published: May 2024

[Box: see text]
Prognostic value of serum oncomarkers for patients hospitalized with acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease
Authors: Ba Cuirong , Jiang Chunguo , Wang Huijuan , Shi Xuhua , Jin Jiawei , Fang Qiuhong
Published: May 2024

Background:

Different types of inflammatory processes and fibrosis have been implicated in the pathogenesis of interstitial lung disease (ILD), a heterogeneous, diffuse, parenchymal lung disease. Acute exacerbation (AE) of ILD is characterized by significant respiratory deterioration and is associated with high mortality rates. Several serum oncomarkers have been used to determine the prognosis of ILD; however, the prognostic value of serum oncomarker levels in patients with AE-ILD remains unclear.

Objective:

To evaluate the prognostic value of serum oncomarker levels in patients with AE-ILD and its main subtypes.

Design:

Retrospective study

Methods:

The serum levels of 8 oncomarkers in 281 patients hospitalized with AE-ILD at our institution between 2017 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. The baseline characteristics and serum oncomarker levels were compared between the survival and non-survival groups of AE-ILD and its main subtypes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent prognosis-related markers, and the best prognostic predictor was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis.

Result:

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF; n = 65), idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (iNSIP; n = 26), and connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD; n = 161) were the three main subtypes of ILD. The in-hospital mortality rate among patients with AE-ILD was 21%. The serum oncomarker levels of most patients with AE-ILD and its main subtypes in the non-survival group were higher than those in the survival group. Multivariate analysis revealed that ferritin and cytokeratin 19 fragments (CYFRA21-1) were independent prognostic risk factors for patients hospitalized with AE-ILD or AE-CTD-ILD. CYFRA21-1 was identified as an independent prognostic risk factor for patients hospitalized with AE-IPF or AE-iNSIP.

Conclusion:

CYFRA21-1 may be a viable biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients with AE-ILD, regardless of the underlying subtype of ILD. Ferritin has a prognostic value in patients with AE-ILD or AE-CTD-ILD.
Radiological imaging and intervention in women’s health
Authors: Connolly Dr Thomas , Connolly Dr Anne
Published: May 2024

Women’s health conditions are commonly encountered in primary care. Radiological imaging is now more available in primary care. Knowing who to refer for which investigation and interpreting results can be a daunting task for clinicians. This article considers the imaging modalities used in more detail and applies this knowledge to commonly encountered symptoms and pathologies, thereby offering guidance on the use and interpretation of imaging in primary care.
Mapping research on LGBT+ persons’ health: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Lo Moro G , Brescia V , Scaioli G , De Angelis A , Siliquini R , Bert F
Published: May 2024

Aims:

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and other people (LGBT+) individuals may have a greater risk of experiencing mental and physical health issues. In the past years, the predominant theme of research was HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This study aimed to explore the most recent patterns in medical research concerning LGBT+ persons.

Methods:

A bibliometric analysis using Biblioshiny was conducted. Based on previous studies, years of observation ranged between 2008 and 2021. Web of Science Core Collection was used.

Results:

A total of 31,039 articles were selected. Top journals centered around HIV/AIDS and STIs ( n = 6), followed by sexual behaviors/sexuality ( n = 2) and LGBT+ health ( n = 2). The US led in research output ( n = 16,249). Papers were categorized into three main clusters (which showed different evolution across time): one addressing HIV/AIDS, STIs, and sexual behaviors, another focusing on mental health, discrimination, and stigma, and a third, smaller cluster examining transgender, intersex, and gender-diverse health.

Conclusions:

This article highlighted a growth in LGBT+ health research, uncovering research disparities among countries. While HIV/AIDS and STIs still dominated, a crucial theme concerning mental health, discrimination, and stigma has been rising. Declining interest in gender-diverse health, and disparities in research attention to different LGBT+ subgroups, underscored the need for more comprehensive and inclusive research to address complex health disparities.
Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities of Ethyl Acetate Fractionated Extract from Rhizomes of Zingiber monophyllum Gagnep.: In vitro and in silico Screenings
Authors: Giang Le D. , Tran-Trung Hieu , Thuy Phan T. , Thi Giang An Nguyen , Nguyen-Ngoc Hieu , Nguyen Trang H.D. , Nguyen Dang K. , Nguyen Anh V. , Chen Tran V. , Ha Nguyen X. , Duc Dau X.
Published: May 2024

Objective/Background: Zingiber monophyllum Gagnep., a member of the Zingiberaceae family, is known for its significant biological activities. The current study aimed to determine the volatile components of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fractionated extract found in the rhizomes of this species. This is the first report on the chemical composition and bioactivities of Z. monophyllum rhizomes fractionated extract. Methods: The chemical constituents were analyzed and determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antioxidant activities were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays using ascorbic acid as a positive control. Antibacterial and antifungal properties of the EtOAc fractionated extract of Z. monophyllum rhizomes were assessed against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Candida albicans. Density functional theory (DFT) and molecular docking were also employed to illustrate antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Results: Nine components were identified by GC-MS analysis from the EtOAc fractionated extract of Z. monophyllum rhizomes. ( E)-labda-8(17),12-diene-15,16-dial (9), spathulenol (2), and neointermedeol (5) were the major components (21.8%, 16.8%, and 11.9%, respectively). Moderate antioxidant activities of the EtOAc fractionated extract were observed via both the DPPH assay and the FRAP assay using ascorbic acid as the standard compound. The extract demonstrated remarkable antimicrobial activity against all examined microbial strains, except for P. aeruginosa. The DFT study analyzed the antioxidant potential of each component in the fractionated extract. Molecular docking study chose E. faecalis DNA gyrase B, E. coli DNA gyrase B, S. aureus biotin protein ligase, E. faecalis Alanine racemase, and C. albicans N-myristoyltransferase as potential target proteins for antimicrobial activity. Conclusion: In this study, the chemical composition of the EtOAc fractionated extract of Z monophyllum rhizomes was demonstrated through GC-MS analysis for the first time. Nine components, including alloaromadendrene, spathulenol, globulol, τ-cadinol, neointermedeol, aromadendrene oxide-(2), ambrial, (E)-15,16-dinorlabda-8(17),11-dien-13-one, and (E)-lambda-8 (17),12-diene-15,16-dial along with relative content were identified in this fractionated extract. The bioassays revealed that the fractionated extract showed moderate antioxidant activities and significant antimicrobial activities. The antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of each component was also theoretically examined by the DFT study and molecular docking study, respectively.
Timely delivery of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells based on the inflammatory pattern of bone injury environment to promote the repair of calvarial bone defects in rats: An optimized strategy for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Zeng Yuwei , Lou Aiju , Zhong Zhenmin , Cai Yu , Yang Yixi , Liang Haifeng , Lin Yucong , He Zhuoxuan , Zhou Lei , Zhang Zhi-Yong , Wang Le
Published: May 2024

Stem cell-based therapy plays a significant role in the repair of bone defects. However, traditional stem cell transplantation strategies in bone tissue engineering are characterized by low survival rates and unstable treatment outcomes. In this study, we propose a timely delivery strategy for inflammatory changes in the setting of bone injury to improve the survival rate of transplanted cells and bone repair. The results of cell tracing in vivo showed that this strategy could effectively improve the survival rate of low-dose exogenous transplanted cells in bone defect areas, and CD31 immunofluorescence and histological sections suggested that this strategy effectively promoted vascularization and new bone formation in the calvarial defect area. Subsequently, we analyzed the mechanism of action of the “Two-step” strategy from the perspective of inflammatory microenvironment regulation, and the results suggested that the first batch transplanted stem cells caused localized and transient increases in tissue apoptosis levels and inflammatory factors, and recruited macrophage chemotaxis, and the second batch of cells may promote pro-inflammatory - anti-inflammatory transformation of the tissue. Finally, mRNA sequencing results suggest that the first batch cells in the “Two-step” strategy are important initiators in bone repair, which not only actively regulate the immune microenvironment at the bone defect, but also guide richer cellular activity and more positive biochemical responses. Therefore, the “Two-step” strategy leads to efficient inflammatory environment regulation and superior bone repair effects, which may provide an alternative option for the treatment of bone defects in the future.
A rare case of pulmonary embolism in a Mt. Kilimanjaro recreational hiker: A case report with review of literature
Authors: Eliah Doreen , Mashauri Harold L , Sadiq Adnan , Dekker Marieke Cornelia Johanna , Nyakunga Gissela , Sakita Francis
Published: May 2024

Pulmonary embolism is one of the rarest complications of high-altitude sickness that can coexist with high altitude pulmonary edema. The risk of developing this phenomenon increases significantly with prolonged stay in high altitudes especially above 5000 m. Given the fatality of the condition, early screening and management is crucial; however, there is no gold standard approach in diagnosis. A 44-year-old male, a Tanzanian tourist first time hiking Mt. Kilimanjaro developed difficulty in breathing on the 4th day of ascending on a route that takes 6 days to summit whereby he was saturating at 38% on room air at the height of 4775 m. He was admitted with the clinical diagnosis of high altitude pulmonary edema. However, in the course of treatment for 72 h with no improvement, further investigations including computed tomography scan were suggestive of pulmonary embolism whereby he was treated with full recovery. Pulmonary embolism case reports are increasingly rising with the difficult to notice among high altitude pulmonary edema patients given their presentation similarities. A high index of suspicion based on clinical examination and investigations should prompt a clinician to include or exclude it.
Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas mistaken for gastrointestinal stromal tumor: A case report
Authors: Achemlal Amine , Essaoudi Mohamed Amine , Jidal Manal , Bah Mamadou Foinke , Najih Mohammed , Bouchentouf Sidi Mohammed , Berrag Sanaa , Nejjari Fouad , Adioui Tarik , Tamzaourte Mouna
Published: May 2024

Solid pseudopapillary epithelial neoplasms of the pancreas are rare entities, first described in 1959 by Frantz. These tumors represent less than 2% of pancreatic cancers and mainly affect young women. They can reach a significant size and its radiological features can lead to diagnostic pitfalls, such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors, which are rare soft-tissue sarcomas that can appear anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract. Clinicians and radiologists need to be aware of the existing diagnostic pitfalls between these two entities, because of their possible similarities. We report here the case of a 33-year-old woman with a solid pseudopapillary epithelial neoplasms of the pancreas initially misdiagnosed as an exophytic gastric stromal tumor.
Simulation-based research for digital health pathologies: A multi-site mixed-methods study
Authors: Straw Isabel , Dobbin Joanna , Luna-Reaver Demelza , Tanczer Leonie
Published: May 2024

Background

The advance of digital health technologies has created new forms of potential pathology which are not captured in current clinical guidelines. Through simulation-based research, we have identified the challenges to clinical care that emerge when patients suffer from illnesses stemming from failures in digital health technologies.

Methods

Clinical simulation sessions were designed based on patient case reports relating to (a) medical device hardware errors, (b) medical device software errors, (c) complications of consumer technology and (d) technology-facilitated abuse. Clinicians were recruited to participate in simulations at three UK hospitals; audiovisual suites were used to facilitate group observation of simulation experience and focused debrief discussions. Invigilators scored clinicians on performance, clinicians provided individual qualitative and quantitative feedback, and extensive notes were taken throughout.

Findings

Paired t-tests of pre and post-simulation feedback demonstrated significant improvements in clinician's diagnostic awareness, technical knowledge and confidence in clinical management following simulation exposure (p < 0.01). Barriers to care included: (a) low suspicion of digital agents, (b) attribution to psychopathology, (c) lack of education in technical mechanisms and (d) little utility of available tests. Suggested interventions for improving future practice included: (a) education initiatives, (b) technical support platforms, (c) digitally oriented assessments in hospital workflows, (d) cross-disciplinary staff and (e) protocols for digital cases.

Conclusion

We provide an effective framework for simulation training focused on digital health pathologies and uncover barriers that impede effective care for patients dependent on technology. Our recommendations are relevant to educators, practising clinicians and professionals working in regulation, policy and industry.
Social Needs Screening and Intervention in Pediatric Primary Care: Impact on Families’ Experience of Care
Authors: Ronis Sarah D. , Masotya Marie , Birkby Genevieve , Stange Kurt C.
Published: May 2024

Introduction/Objectives:

Social determinants of health (SDoH) screening and intervention in pediatric primary care depends upon caregiver disclosure of adverse household or social conditions and thus may be influenced by perceived bias or stigma. This paper examines to what extent parents’ experience of their child’s medical home is associated with their perceptions of a practice-based social needs intervention.

Methods:

We conducted a cohort study of data reported by 73 parents of children obtaining care in a medical home with an embedded SDoH navigation program. Using survey data collected in October 2021 and October 2022, we calculated descriptive statistics and non-parametric bivariate analyses of the association between engagement with the SDoH navigation program and parent-reported social needs, stress, and perception of care quality as measured by the Person-Centered Primary Care Measure (PCPCM).

Results:

Initial ratings of care quality were high (mean baseline PCPCM score = 3.63) and remained high on second interview (mean change in PCPCM score = −0.04, 95%CI −0.16, 0.09, P = .58) despite significant reductions in parents’ ratings of access to care over time. Parents reported substantial stress, unmet social needs, and unmet healthcare needs, with 41 families (56%) ever using the practice-based SDoH program, including 16 (22%) who were new users in 2022. There was no association observed between PCPCM score and parent stress, unmet social needs, or use of SDoH services.

Conclusions:

Parents’ perceptions of care delivered in their child’s medical home appears to be stable on repeat measurement, and independent of family context or interactions with social needs navigation services offered in the practice.
Optimal Duration of Physical Therapy Following Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Benes Gregory , Adams Zachary , Dubic Michael , David Justin , Leonardi Claudia , Bronstone Amy , Dasa Vinod
Published: May 2024

Aims & Objectives

The purpose of this study was to identify patient characteristics associated with engagement and completion of physical therapy (PT) following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and examine the relationship between number of PT sessions attended and outcomes during the first 12 weeks after surgery.

Methods

Patients underwent unilateral primary TKA by a single surgeon and were advised to complete 17 PT sessions over 6 weeks at a hospital-affiliated facility. Analyses examined predictors of PT engagement (attendance of ≥2 sessions) and completion (attendance of 17 ± 1 sessions) within 6 weeks and associations between number of PT sessions attended and changes in range of motion (ROM) and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) values.

Results

Patients living <40 km were more likely to be engaged in PT than those living ≥40 km from the clinic ( P < .0001). Among patients who completed PT within 6 weeks, 95.0%, 85.1%, and 56.4% achieved flexion of, respectively, ≥90°, ≥100°, and ≥110°. Among engaged patients, the active flexion thresholds of ≥90°, ≥100°, and ≥110° were achieved by, respectively, 94.4%, 82.5%, and 58.1% by 6 weeks and by 96.7%, 92.1%, and 84.2% by 12 weeks. Improvement in KOOS Symptoms ( P = .029), Function in daily living ( P = .030) and quality of life ( P = .031) linearly decreased as number of PT sessions increased.

Conclusions

These results raise the question of whether patients who meet satisfactory outcomes before completing 6 weeks of prescribed PT and those who attend more PT sessions than prescribed may be over-utilizing healthcare resources without additional benefit.
Macroeconomic Factors and Jakarta Stock Exchange: A Comparative Analysis Pre- and Until the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Marpaung Netti Natarida , Pangestuti Irene Rini Demi
Published: May 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak has caused disruptions in various aspects of life and the economy, including the movement of stock indexes. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of macroeconomic factors on the volatility of the Jakarta Composite Index both before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Monthly secondary data from June 2007 to December 2019 were analyzed to identify pre-COVID trends, while data from June 2007 to December 2021 were used to identify post-COVID-19 patterns. The analysis incorporated the Granger causality test, Cointegration test, Vector Error Correction Model, and Augmented Dickey-Fuller. The results of the causality analysis revealed variations in the impact of interest rates, global oil prices, inflation, and exchange rates on the Jakarta Composite Index before and following the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings hold significance for investors as they enable the identification of potential risks associated with investments during global crises.
Locating Motivation for English as a Foreign Language Over Time: The Influence of School Location and Type
Authors: Canrinus Esther T. , Scheffler Paweł , Baranowska Karolina
Published: May 2024

This article examines secondary school learners’ motivation to learn English as a foreign language (EFL) in relation to two contextual factors: school type and school location. Data were collected from 352 Polish learners who attended English instruction in general and technical secondary schools in a large city and a small town in western Poland. Learners’ motivation, conceptualized as a continuum from fully autonomous to fully controlled, was measured through a survey at two time points, 2 years apart, which provided an assessment of motivational change. The second measurement was followed by interviews with selected learners. Our results show that learners from general secondary schools in the two locations exhibited different motivational patterns, while those from technical schools were similarly motivated regardless of their schools’ locations. A decrease in extrinsic motivation over time was observed in both types of small-town schools. Based on these results, we discuss the implications for EFL pedagogy.
An Evaluation of the Nunez Community College Quality Enhancement Program: Assessing the Impact of Embedded Conover Workplace Readiness® Modules on Students’ Work Readiness
Authors: Bosch Sandra Aurand , Rice Donna Mowery
Published: May 2024

A mismatch remains between the skills employers seek in new hires and the skills applicants possess. This study encompassed an evaluation of the impacts of the Quality Enhancement Program on students’ work readiness competencies, including oral, written, and digital communication skills, at Nunez Community College. The Quality Enhancement Program initiative involved embedding Conover Workplace Readiness® online training modules into English and communication courses to enhance professional skills. A non-experimental pre-post evaluation was used to investigate whether students’ oral, written, and digital communication skills were improved after participation in the Quality Enhancement Program coursework. Data were analyzed using (a) pre- and post-implementation grades, (b) rubric scores, (c) student survey scores, and (d) faculty survey scores. The evidence showed significant improvement in students’ oral, written, and digital communication skills after participation in Quality Enhancement Program courses, workshops, and modules, resulting in improved employability skills. Whereas students expressed confidence in their improved communication skills, teachers were more cautious about the extent of the gains. Although localized, this study has implications for addressing community college students’ work readiness globally, given worldwide skills gap concerns.
The International Capital Flows and Domestic Savings–domestic Investment Nexus: A Comparative Evidence Between Heterogeneous Developing Regions
Authors: Pal Shreya
Published: May 2024

Drawing inspiration from Feldstein and Horioka’s (1980) (FH) puzzle, our study elucidates the impact of remittances and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on domestic savings and investment in two disparate yet globalized developing regions: Latin America and the Caribbean and South Asia. Utilizing an extensive dataset spanning from 1984 to 2021 and employing diverse methodologies, including Dynamic System generalized method of moment, Driscoll–Kraay standard error, fully modified ordinary least squares, and dynamic ordinary least squares, our findings reveal that remittances exert a positive influence on both domestic investment and savings across both regions. However, South Asia predominantly directs remittance inflows towards investment, while Latin America and the Caribbean exhibit a propensity towards saving these funds. As for FDI, the primary developing region predominantly channels these funds into investment, whereas the lower region prioritizes savings. The impact of control variables manifests varied effects across both regions. Ultimately, our study underscores the pivotal role of foreign remittances in supporting investment and savings, underscoring the profound influence of economic growth on these dynamics. This accentuates the imperative for governments to proactively allocate financial resources to optimize economic growth and fortify financial frameworks. Moreover, focused strategies are indispensable for adeptly managing foreign inflows while navigating external shocks such as international repayments, external debt, and aid. Additionally, enhancements in monetary and fiscal policies are imperative to sustain competitive interest rates and foster stable macroeconomic conditions, thereby fostering conducive environments for both public and private domestic savings.

JEL Classification: F24; F3; P33; C23; O18
Illuminating the Relationship Between Social Networking Usage and Job Performance Through the Work–Life Balance of Gen-Y Employees in Corporate Sector
Authors: Mittal Ella , Rani Tamanna
Published: May 2024

The use of social media, such as social networking sites continues to grow in everyday life, along with their use in the workplace. So, a concern raised about how the personal use of social networking sites like Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, etc., at work affects employee job performance. Moreover, the purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between social networking usage and employee job performance through the mediating role of work–life balance. The quantitative methodology was employed in this study. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire adapted from a previously validated survey. The target population consisted of Gen-Y employees of the corporate sector in Chandigarh, Delhi, and Haryana (UTs/states) of India. Judgemental sampling was applied to collect data from 224 employees of the corporate sector. The study results indicated that time spent, frequency of using social networking sites has significant relationship with job performance and work–life balance of employees while work–life balance and employee job performance are significantly positively related. However, social networking use has a significant negative relationship with job performance and work–life balance. Additionally, work–life balance significantly mediates the relationship between social networking usage and job performance. Therefore, the study concluded that employees struggle to set boundaries since they cannot distinguish between work and family life due to the rise in technology and social media use. Therefore, managers and HR professionals need to consider the negative aspect of online social networking at work. Further, the implications for managers and organizations are discussed.
A Unique Case of Mesenteric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Presenting as an Acute Abdomen
Authors: Bathobakae Lefika , Bashir Rammy , Vera Sebastian , Yasin Saif , Koodirile Atang , Bhattacharyya Ratul , Kumar Mehandar
Published: May 2024

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors in the digestive tract and arise from the interstitial cells of Cajal in the mesenteric plexus. These tumors can originate in any part of the GI tract; however, a higher burden has been observed in the stomach and small intestines. Mesenteric GISTs are exceedingly rare, with unique clinicopathological features and a poorer prognosis. Herein, we describe a unique case of a 66-year-old female with a remote history of appendectomy who presented to the emergency room complaining of severe abdominal pain and vomiting. On imaging, the patient was found to have a large inflammatory mass associated with small bowel loops, and the pathology confirmed a mesenteric GIST. The tumor was resected, and the genomic test results confirmed the KIT (exon 11) mutation. Although the tumor had a low mitotic rate, the tumor was large enough to warrant the initiation of adjuvant imatinib mesylate for 36 months with regular bloodwork and imaging.
The Untapped Power of “We Don't Know”: Epistemological Humility in the Era of COVID-19
Authors: Kalinowski Jolaade , Hintz Elizabeth A. , Izeogu Chigozirim
Published: May 2024

The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic introduced many challenges and nuances that have transformed medical practice and research. The uncertainty caused by COVID-19 led to inevitable challenges to patient–provider relationships. The ever-changing landscape of COVID-19 research and policy proved to be challenging for the medical community and patients. These challenges also exacerbated long-standing issues regarding patient–provider communication and trust. On the other hand, these challenges gave voice to a burgeoning patient advocacy community. Through social media, advocacy and patient organizing, patients harnessed their power and organized over challenges relating to COVID-19 fears and concerns, ramifications of “Long COVID,” and much more. During this unprecedented pandemic, there was a realization that the science and research surrounding COVID-19 is evolving and that there may be a benefit to embracing the dynamic nature of research and the scientific process. We propose that providers and the medical community should consider epistemological humility, which acknowledges insufficiencies related to the state of medical knowledge with a sense of understanding and respect for not having all of the answers. We argue that there is untapped potential in saying, “We don’t know” and explaining why. There is an implicit culture that providers should be responsible for knowing everything and solving every problem. Epistemological humility challenges this culture, and inherently gives credence and voice to patient perspectives. We assert that epistemological humility is necessity when addressing contemporary health challenges such as COVID-19.
Viscoelastic nanofluids flow through Darcy–Forchheimer porous media with Newtonian conditions
Authors: Omar Muhammad , Ramesh Gosikere Kenchappa , Abbas Usman , Bashir Muhammad Nauman , Shehzad Sabir Ali
Published: May 2024

This research is conducted by considering the Darcy–Forchheimer viscoelastic non-Newtonian fluids (NNF) generated by the movement of surface. Two types NNF namely Walter’s liquid B (WLB) and second grade (SG) fluids are chosen as the working fluids. Cattaneo–Christov energy diffusion model is carried out for the energy transmission analysis. Newtonian heating (NH) and Newtonian concentration (NC) conditions are imposed for the solutal and thermal analysis. The model is formulated by the application of boundary layer technique. These equations are converted into non dimensional model by the implication of similarity variables. The numeric solutions are executed by the utilization of Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg-45 order scheme. The results are presented by numeric benchmarks and graphical illustrations. A comparative discussion of WLB and SG fluids is reported. A comparative visualization shows that the higher velocity profile is achieved for SG fluid case while temperature and concentration profiles are larger in the case of SG fluid. The Brownian movement and thermophoretic constraints have similar influences on temperature. The Brownian movement constraint has reverse trends on concentration and temperature.
Issues and Challenges Concerning Mental Health in India: Time to Brood Over
Authors: Handa Rakesh Kumar , Goswami Shivani
Published: May 2024

Good mental health is obligatory for a high quality of life. One’s wellness is tested by the daily life-challenging situations relating to family, work and environment. Everyone experiences stress and strain throughout their life. Mental health issues continue to be a sombre issue that affects individuals of all age groups and communities throughout the orb. The fundamental cause of mental health issues is societal and cultural norms and practices that affect the individual as well as their relatives. This article highlights the factors contributing to mental illness and socio-economic, cultural, religious and legal challenges in dealing with mental health. The article also discusses all the significant provisions along with their real spirits with which they have been made under the Mental Healthcare Act, 2017. The Act not only makes the provisions in the light of nationwide scenario but also takes into account the global perspective concerning mental health. Also, this article provides some suggestions that will help deal with the issues of mental illness.
Strategic Multidisciplinary Management of Chemotherapy-induced Ostial Coronary Artery Disease: A Rare Case Report with Literature Review
Authors: Iragavarapu Tammiraju , Vutukuru Sushma Venkata , Pataballa Sai Krishna
Published: May 2024

Cancer and coronary artery disease, both leading global causes of mortality, share common risk factors and are exacerbated by various cancer treatments. Coronary artery disease may delay cancer treatment initiation. Revascularization improves the safety of subsequent cancer treatment and long-term survival. Radiation commonly induces ostial coronary artery disease due to its proximity to the mediastinum, while ostial coronary artery disease related to chemotherapy is rarely reported. In this case, we explore an instance of Serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary, treated with Neo Adjuvant chemotherapy based on Paclitaxel, subsequently presented with ostial coronary artery disease, leading to cardiogenic shock and heart failure. The condition was successfully managed through bailed out angioplasty, followed by debulking oophorectomy surgery. The patient was under regular follow up for the past 3 years.
Sustainable building materials: A comprehensive study on eco-friendly alternatives for construction
Authors: Abera Yonatan Ayele
Published: May 2024

An in-depth review of a varied range of eco-friendly options for construction is done in this thorough research on sustainable building materials. With increased worries about environmental deterioration, the building sector is increasingly focusing on long-term solutions. This research looks into a variety of materials, including bamboo, engineered wood products, recycled composites, and optimal concrete mixtures. The study underlines the importance of compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths, which are a basic feature for structural integrity. The study also gives useful insights into their practical applicability in real-world building projects by assessing the flexural strength of various materials. Furthermore, the study examines the environmental effect of these materials, taking into account characteristics such as renewability, recyclability, and energy efficiency. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the fundamental properties of selected materials as part of the investigations. The study emphasizes the ecological advantages of adopting these sustainable alternatives through life cycle assessments and comparative studies. The research output can be served as a thorough reference for architects, engineers, and policymakers, providing a complete knowledge of sustainable building materials and their critical role in developing a greener, more resilient built environment.
Building the Case for Telehealth Yoga for Minors With Arthritis and Chronic Pain: A Perspective
Authors: Moonaz Steffany
Published: May 2024

Childhood arthritis has a prevalence of around 300 000 US children. It has no cure, and is just one of many juvenile conditions associated with pain, fatigue, and a lifetime of medical care. Yoga has demonstrated effectiveness in improving symptoms and quality of life for adults with arthritis. Yoga can be easily adapted according to affected joints, movement limitations, and changes in disease status. It combines movement that is necessary for arthritis management and maintaining physical function, along with mental practices that help to address common psychosocial comorbidities such as depressive symptoms and affect. No research has been published on the effects of yoga in minors with arthritis and chronic pain. In-person yoga may not be feasible for this population because many patients live hours from their specialist healthcare. As telehealth becomes more acceptable, online yoga may offer an additional tool for symptom management and improved quality of life in juvenile chronic pain conditions. Clinical trials are necessary to evaluate the safety, feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness of teleyoga in the whole-person management of juvenile arthritis and chronic pain conditions.