bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thinking about God encourages intergroup prosociality even when conflict is salient
Authors: Pasek Michael H. , Lehner Anne , Hartley Starlett , Kwon Jung Yul , Israel Adiama Roselyn Mokosoi , Wati Reshmi , Ginges Jeremy
Published: January 2025

Recent research documents that thinking about God encourages intergroup prosociality among believers. An open question is whether such increased prosociality is dampened by intergroup conflict. We conducted preregistered field experiments with two ethno-religious populations in Fiji: indigenous Christian iTaukei ( N = 324) and Hindu Indo-Fijians ( N = 280). In each study, we manipulated (between-person) whether participants thought about intergroup conflict before completing a dictator game in which we manipulated (within-person) whether participants thought about God’s preferences when allocating real money to an outgroup member. Although participants who reflected on intergroup conflict gave less money away to outgroup members, thinking about God led to significant and comparable increases in intergroup prosociality regardless of whether participants thought about conflict. Results challenge widely-held assumptions about the role of religious belief in intergroup conflict and raise questions about mechanisms that are often theorized to explain the spread of religious beliefs themselves.
Increased unedited Alu RNA patterns found in cortex extracellular vesicles in Alzheimer's disease resemble hippocampus vasculature Alu RNA editing patterns but not cortex Alu RNA editing patterns
Authors: Crooke Philip S , Tossberg John T , Aune Thomas M
Published: January 2025

Background

Endogenous Alu RNAs form double-stranded RNAs recognized by double-stranded RNA sensors and activate IRF and NF-kB transcriptional paths and innate immunity. Deamination of adenosines to inosines by the ADAR family of enzymes, a process termed A-to-I editing, disrupts double-stranded RNA structure and prevents innate immune activation. Innate immune activation is observed in Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia. We have previously reported loss of A-to-I editing in hippocampus vasculature, but no change in cortex or cortex vasculature, associated with Alzheimer's disease.

Objective

Here, we investigated the status of Alu RNA A-to-I editing in cortex extracellular vesicles in Alzheimer's disease.

Methods

We used existing RNA-seq data sets and the SPRINT software package to determine levels of Alu RNA A-to-I editing in cortex extracellular vesicles in Alzheimer's disease and control groups and compared these editing profiles to those found in both total cortex and hippocampus vasculature.

Results

We find substantial loss of Alu A-to-I editing in cortex extracellular vesicles in Alzheimer's disease. By measuring editing patterns on a gene-by-gene basis, we determined that editing patterns in cortex extracellular vesicles resemble editing patterns in hippocampus vasculature rather than total cortex.

Conclusions

We conclude that hippocampus vasculature unedited Alu RNAs are packaged in extracellular vesicles, travel to the cortex, deliver their cargo and stimulate innate immunity and alter other basic biological processes contributing to Alzheimer's disease progression.
Gait, balance, and physical performance as markers of early Alzheimer's disease and related dementia risk
Authors: Tolea Magdalena I , Rosenfeld Amie , Roy Sam Van , Besser Lilah M , O’Shea Deirdre M , Galvin James E
Published: January 2025

Background

Declining physical functionality is an indicator of cognitive impairment, distinguishing normal cognition (NC) from dementia. Whether this extends to pre-dementia stages is unclear.

Objective

Assess physical performance patterns, evaluate relationships with imaging biomarkers, and identify specific measures distinguishing NC, subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods

Group differences (78 NC, 35 SCD, and 41 MCI) in physical function (global function, balance, gait speed, step length, single leg support) were evaluated with logistic regression while distinguishing between MCI due-to-AD and MCI due-to-vascular etiology. Relationships with imaging biomarkers (cortical atrophy score, white matter hyperintensities volumes) were analyzed with ANCOVA.

Results

Participants were 68.6 ± 9.3 years old, had 16.2 ± 3.0 years of education, and 23% were ethnoracial minorities. Physical performance distinguished MCI from NC and SCD. Greater performance on the Mini Physical Performance Test (mini PPT) and balance were associated with lower odds of being SCD versus NC (ORmini PPT = 0.73; 95% CI:0.56–0.97; ORbalance = 0.35, 95%CI:0.16–0.80). AD etiology accounted for most group differences in physical performance versus vascular etiology. Consistent associations between biomarkers, physical performance, and cognition were found.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that: 1) changes in mini PPT performance and balance may help detect cognitive impairments, as early as the SCD stage; 2) changes in gait speed, gait cycle parameters, and Timed Up-and-Go may indicate more significant cognitive impairment; 3) neuronal loss is linked to subtle changes in physical functionality as early as SCD. Physical performance may be a valuable tool in early dementia detection in clinical settings and could identify targets for early intervention.
Women's experience of workplace sexual harassment within the police service: A rapid evidence assessment
Authors: Brown Emma , Craig Leam , Pike Rachel
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this work is to provide a systematic overview of sexual harassment (SH) of female police staff in the workplace. Themes that emerge from this review may aid police leaders’ understanding and help them to take a proactive approach to preventing an environment in which SH is tolerated. A rapid evidence assessment was conducted. The Ovid Platform was used to search the PsycINFO database. Searches were conducted in the College of Policing Library, Criminal Justice Database and Sage journals. Studies were included that focused on experiences of, and approaches to, SH in the police. Studies on addressing SH in the general public, or on incidents of SH by police officers towards the general public, were excluded. Six studies were included that explored the prevalence of, approaches to and risk factors for SH of female staff in the police. The most common form of SH is verbal sexual attention. SH remains highly prevalent in the police and is more commonly experienced by officers than support staff. Women respond by acquiescing to SH, or by handling it themselves. Rates of formal action are relatively low, and women often experience repercussions. Women perceive complaints will lead to ostracism and reduced promotion opportunities. There are signs of positive change, however a male-dominated, misogynistic culture persists. This review contributes to a growing understanding of police force SH; the issues raised will aid policymakers in addressing the most prevalent behaviours, repercussions and police culture.
Conceptualising and maintaining partnership engagement, what is required? An analysis of three third-party policing partnerships in Australia and the UK
Authors: van Felius Margo , Webster Julianne , Bates Lyndel , Ransley Janet , Martin Peter
Published: January 2025

Third-party policing (TPP) partnerships provide police agencies with an opportunity to address underlying social issues, and allow for longer-term solutions to crime and the development of innovative crime-reduction strategies. A review of the multi-agency policing partnership literature identifies a range of formal and informal factors that impact on implementation and partnership engagement. However, the literature is limited in terms of how and why these factors facilitate or inhibit implementation, and/or how these factors interact. This article applies an international case study methodology involving 55 semi-structured interviews with police officers and representatives from partner agencies across three TPP partnerships, two in Queensland, Australia and one in the United Kingdom. The key findings highlight a range of factors that are important. Five of these are imperative to the successful implementation and sustainability of TPP partnerships and continued partner engagement: (a) clear and shared aims and objectives for the partnership; (b) commitment from management and all involved to partnership working and adequate resourcing; (c) trust, respect and open communication between the partners; (d) information-sharing protocols; and (e) measuring the performance of the partnership. This article further shows that these factors are interdependent and should be considered in the context of the others.
“GOD IS MY SPONSORED AD!! MY ALGORITHM!”: The spiritual algorithmic imaginary and Christian TikTok
Authors: Reinis Sara , Laughlin Corrina
Published: January 2025

This article employs Critical Technocultural Discourse Analysis (CTDA) to analyze the affective public surrounding the hashtag #christiantiktok. We find that “Christian TikTok” discursively negotiates the unpredictable visibility affordances of TikTok’s algorithm by ascribing layers of spiritual significance to how the algorithm delivers content. Our research uncovered four key themes to this spiritualized conceptualization of algorithmically controlled visibility: (1) Algorithm as directed by the hand of God, (2) Context collapse as an evangelism opportunity, (3) Boosting visibility as a spiritual obligation, and (4) Invisibility as persecution. Following our analysis, we develop an understanding of the “spiritual algorithmic imaginary,” building on Bucher’s concept of the “algorithmic imaginary.” Functioning as both a networked performance and an affective framework, the concept of the spiritual algorithmic imaginary theorizes how certain spiritual users sacralize their participation in and understanding of digital platforms.
Experimental investigation of tribological behavior of FDM-PLA surfaces
Authors: Mzali S. , Elwasli F. , Mezlini S. , Hajlaoui K. , Ksir H.
Published: January 2025

In the present study, the tribological behavior of 3D printed components manufactured with different raster orientations [0°/90°], [+15°/−75°], [+30°/−60°] and [+45°/−45°] was evaluated. Special attention was given to the impact of raster orientation on roughness parameters, particularly in the mean spacing of the profile [Formula: see text] and the arithmetic average roughness [Formula: see text]. Experiments were conducted on Polylactic Acid (PLA) using a reciprocated tribometer apparatus under two contact pressures [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The friction force was measured and recorded during the test. Furthermore, 3D optical profilometric analyses were conducted to characterize the wear mechanisms. The crater area [Formula: see text] and the track width W were also measured in order to investigate the wear evolution. Experimental results show that, under low load, the change of the raster orientation from [+45°/−45°] to [0°/90°] reduces the friction coefficient by ∼ 71% and decreases the track width W by ∼ 41%.
Effects of castor oil as lubricity enhancer on friction and wear characteristics of piston engine running on diesohol
Authors: Chuepeng Sathaporn , Klinkaew Niti , Thumanu Kanjana , Theinnoi Kampanart , Sukjit Ekarong , Dearn Karl
Published: January 2025

Recently, ethanol has become acceptable for blending with diesel, in the so called diesohol, and is known to reduce particulate matter exhausted from diesel engines significantly. However, its poor lubricity is a concern for long-term application. Many efforts have been made to improve the lubricity of diesohol by combining additives into the ethanol-diesel blend. Castor oil is one of the most effective additives for enhancing lubricity and reducing the wear of engine components. However, the lubricating mechanism of the diesohol blended with castor oil has not been clearly reported. Therefore, in this research, the role of castor oil in lubricity enhancement was studied by varying the castor oil content in diesel from 5% to 15% v/v while retaining the ethanol content of 10% v/v. According to the ASTM D6079, the standardized lubricity test was performed using the high frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR). The fuel holder of the HFRR was modified to minimize the vaporization of the ethanol. After lubricity tests, the wear of the tested specimens was examined using a scanning electron microscope. The increase in lubricity of the blended fuel was found only up to the castor oil content of 10% v/v. At the blending amount of 10% v/v, the friction coefficient at the contact of the tested specimens decreased by 31%, while the mean wear scar diameter decreased by 25%. SEM imaging revealed delamination of the scuffed surface under diesohol lubrication without the castor oil blend. As the blending amount of the castor oil increased, the wear mode changed, and delamination was not found in the cases of the castor oil content of 10% and 15% v/v. For a long-term 220-hour engine test, diesohol blended with 10% castor oil was inferior for soot deposition and wear of metals that reduce the engine torque.
Zhōngyōng- Confucian leadership sentiments: A conceptual analysis
Authors: Wang Barbara Xiaoyu
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the concept of leadership sentiment, defined as the emotional and ethical tone set by leaders, which influences their followers and the broader organisation. Sentiments, as socialised feelings, are constructed through socialisation and cultural learning, integrating mind and heart in leadership practices. The paper examines the relevance of Zhōngyōng (中庸), a Confucian concept advocating for a balanced and harmonious way of living, and Junzi (君子), the ideal Confucian leader embodying high moral standards. It highlights how these concepts shape leadership sentiment, guiding leaders’ cognitive and emotional functions. The study underscores the continued influence of Confucian values on modern leadership in Confucian Asia. It suggests that adopting Zhōngyōng can enhance leadership practices by fostering positive relationships and a cohesive work environment. By integrating emotional intelligence, cultural sensitivity, and ethical leadership, the paper proposes a framework for forming Zhōngyōng sentiments for understanding and applying leadership sentiments in diverse cultural contexts.
“There is always a reason why someone is doing something”: The importance of life history and personhood when supporting people with dementia to “wander” in care homes
Authors: Mikhaylova-O’Connell Yelena , Griffiths Alys Wyn , Cunha Iria , Devi Reena , Spilsbury Karen , Cherry Mary Gemma
Published: January 2025

Up to 60% of people living with dementia who reside in care homes will ‘wander’ at some point. A person-centred approach should be taken to support each person’s individual needs through tailored interventions when wandering. This study aimed to identify care home staff perspectives on what supports safe wandering for people living with dementia in care home environments. As part of a larger study, and using a person-centred framework, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with staff ( N = 19) recruited from care homes in the North of England who provide care for older people. Transcripts were analysed using framework analysis. Four themes were identified, and two of these themes are presented here. Staff highlighted the importance of ensuring that personhood is at the centre of care delivery when supporting residents to wander. Clear leadership from management and meaningful involvement of families allowed staff to provide better support for residents. Staff also reflected on the importance of identification of unique impacts of dementia on each individual when providing person-centred care. The delicate balance between safety and well-being was consistently considered and reviewed. We identified a range of individual factors that contribute towards safe and supported wandering for people living with dementia. Positive risk taking, supported by policies and procedures, such as resident safety and meaningful activity, may allow staff to manage the benefits and risks associated with wandering.
Intense Embodiment and Women’s ‘Weather Work’ in Motorcycling
Authors: Owton Helen
Published: January 2025

This article aims to develop the underexamined lived experiences of ‘weather work’ via the motorcycling ‘weather world’, addressing the embodied and sensorial learning ways of knowing. Drawing on a phenomenologically inspired approach, I explore the haptic senses of heat and cold via heightening understandings of weather work, aiming to provide key conceptualisations of phenomenological mind-body-world nexus through auto/ethnographic data. This attempts to extend the small, emerging and under investigated literature that utlitises sociological phenomenology to examine the ‘sensuousities’ of ‘intense embodiment’ experienced as a woman on a motorcycle. Key themes that were identified as salient: temperature work, touch, and skin wetness perception. These themes offer novel insights into the intersection between gender, embodiment, and sensorial experiences in motorcycling, enriching sociological phenomenology with a nuanced understanding of the ways ‘weather work’ shapes and is shaped by lived, gendered practices.
In Vitro Potentiation of Doxorubicin Cytotoxicity Utilizing Clarithromycin Loaded-PEGylated Liposomes
Authors: Alfreahat Islam , Nsairat Hamdi , Aldeeb Ibrahim Deeb , Al-Samydai Ali , Alshaer Walhan
Published: January 2025

Background

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent for breast cancer, but its effectiveness is often diminished by resistance mechanisms, particularly through p-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated drug efflux. Clarithromycin (CAM), a macrolide antibiotic, inhibits multiple metabolic pathways including CYP3A and P-gp, potentially countering DOX resistance.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the potentiation of DOX and its effectiveness against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line by encapsulating both DOX and CAM in PEGylated liposomes.

Methods

PEGylated liposomes containing DOX and CAM were prepared using the thin film hydration method. The physicochemical properties of the liposomes, including average particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential, were characterized. Encapsulation efficiencies for CAM and DOX were assessed, and stability of the liposomes was evaluated over 9 days at room temperature. Cell viability was measured using an IC50 assay, and P-gp expression levels were determined by ELISA.

Results

The CAM/DOX-PEGylated liposomes exhibited optimal average particle size (238 ± 26.7 nm), PDI (0.29 ± 0.107), and zeta potential (−20.9 ± 2.17 mV). These liposomes maintained good stability regarding size and charge over 9 days. Encapsulation efficiencies were 81.05% for CAM and 78.13% for DOX. The IC50 value for CAM/DOX-PEGylated liposomes was 0.13 µM, representing a significant reduction compared to the physical mixture of CAM and DOX (0.25 µM) and free DOX (0.21 µM) against MCF-7 cells. ELISA analysis showed a reduction in P-gp expression of approximately 5% with CAM/DOX-PEGylated liposomes compared to 1.61% with free DOX.

Conclusion

The results indicate that CAM encapsulated in PEGylated liposomes enhances the effectiveness of DOX against breast cancer cells, likely through the inhibition of p-glycoprotein. This approach may offer a promising strategy to overcome DOX resistance and improve chemotherapy outcomes.
Overweight yet Undernourished: A Common Juxtaposition in the Specialist Diabetes Foot Service
Authors: Martin Wrivu Niezel , Wigmore Hayley Katherine , Gregory Leanne Caroline , Lum Cheryl Mei Yee , Lasschuit Joel Willem Johan
Published: January 2025

Aims

To describe the nutritional status of people with diabetes-related foot complications and explore the association between nutrition and ulceration healing.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included attendees of a diabetes foot service who completed a dietary questionnaire. Diet was compared to guideline recommendations and biochemical measures were recorded. Associations between dietary intake and biochemical measures were analysed using non-parametric tests, and their relationship with being ulcer-free at 12 weeks analysed by binary logistic regression.

Results

Of 102 participants, 83% were men, mean age 68 (SD 12), body mass index 28.6 (SD 6.1) kg/m2, and 86% had type 2 diabetes. Complications included 154 ulcerations and 7 active Charcot feet. Recommended fruit, vegetable and protein intake was seldom attained. Common insufficiencies were 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (40%), zinc (27%), iron (23%) and vitamin C (21%). Vitamin C was higher in the upper (vs lower) tertile of fruit/vegetable intake (62 [95%CI 33–88] vs 30 [13–46] umol/L, p = 0.04), and zinc higher in those meeting protein requirements (12.3 [95%CI 11.1–12.8] vs 10.6 [9.8–11.5] umol/L, p = 0.04). Haemoglobin was the only predictor of becoming ulcer-free (OR 1.03 [95%CI 1.00–1.06], p = 0.03).

Conclusion

Nutritional inadequacies are common in people with diabetes-related foot complications; however, the benefit of assessing nutrition remains uncertain.
The Relevance of Thyroid Nodules in Vascular Ultrasound: A Case-Based Literature Review
Authors: Williams David M. , Wooster Elizabeth M. , Wooster Douglas L.
Published: January 2025

Thyroid nodules are found by ultrasound in up to 67% of the population, of which 1% to 15% are malignant. As the thyroid may be imaged during a carotid study, vascular technologists should be aware of normal and abnormal thyroid appearances. Interpreting physicians need this information to report on incidentally found thyroid nodules. Such reports could lead to further referral, detailed thyroid ultrasound, or other diagnostic modalities guiding further management.

A literature review was conducted regarding thyroid findings on ultrasound. Illustrative images were collated to demonstrate thyroid findings that may be encountered by vascular technologists during carotid duplex studies.

Vascular technologists are not usually trained in thyroid scanning. Thyroid findings on a carotid duplex are “incidental” but may identify important pathology. Thyroid nodule characterization such as size, shape, contour, consistency, echogenicity, texture, blood flow pattern, and calcification may be needed by interpreting physicians in combination with additional images. Definitive assessment requires a dedicated thyroid study with application of the TI-RADS (Thyroid Imaging Reporting & Data SystemTM) classification. Identifying thyroid pathology on a carotid ultrasound study can reveal important information and lead to further investigation. Early identification of such pathology by a vascular technologist can be lifesaving. Characteristics of thyroid lesions can be readily demonstrated by the vascular technologist, assessed by the interpreting physician, and reported to the referring provider for definitive work-up and treatment.
Unmasking the “Threat” at Central Ridge High School: A Case Study of School Swatting Incidents, False Emergencies, and Educational Leadership Responses
Authors: Classen Jennifer , Modeste Marsha E.
Published: January 2025

Dr. Wilson, Central Ridge High School principal, navigates an unfolding lockdown situation that is later revealed to be a hoax threat. While the school had extensive plans for coordinated responses to emergencies, they were varyingly adhered to when a threat was called in. Following the security sweep of the building, Dr. Wilson must determine how to proceed with the remainder of the school day. Students and educators are physically safe, yet emotionally shaken. Furthermore, Dr. Wilson must make immediate decisions about communication approaches with staff, families, and counseling services to best support the school community. This case highlights the nature of leadership practice in crisis situations and the breakdown of response and communication. Through this case, educational leaders can design coordinated plans for crisis management.
Persistent penumbral profiles indicate a potentially good outcome in acute stroke patients without major reperfusion
Authors: Hong Lan , Lin Longting , Chen Chushuang , Bivard Andrew , Levi Christopher R , Su Ya , Ling Yifeng , Parsons Mark W , Cheng Xin , Dong Qiang
Published: January 2025

Background:

It is acknowledged that penumbra can exist beyond 24 h after stroke onset.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to explore the association between penumbral persistence at 24–72 h and clinical outcomes in patients who did not achieve major reperfusion.

Methods:

Eligible patients participating in the International Stroke Perfusion Imaging Registry with repeated 24–72 h perfusion imaging were retrospectively included in this study. Persistent penumbra was evaluated as the volume of hypoperfusion lesion on repeated perfusion imaging divided by infarct volume on the follow-up imaging at 24–72 h post arrival. Short-term clinical outcomes were defined as neurological deterioration at 24–72 h and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–2 at discharge. Long-term outcome was defined as mRS 0–2 at 3 months. The association between persistent penumbra and clinical outcomes was explored using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models.

Results:

A total number of 203 patients were included in this study. Persistent penumbra was associated with decreased odds of neurological deterioration at 24–72 h (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.1–0.8, p = 0.01) and increased odds of mRS 0–2 at 3 months (multivariable-adjusted OR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.1–6.8, p = 0.03). Persistent penumbra was not associated with mRS 0–2 at discharge (multivariable-adjusted OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 0.4–14.7, p = 0.30).

Conclusions:

Persistent penumbra in acute stroke patients without major reperfusion was generally associated with a better clinical outcome. This evidence suggested that there were patients with persistent hemodynamic support, for whom major reperfusion might not be pivotal to achieve a good clinical outcome. How to identify these patients and what treatment strategy can be made to stabilize the hemodynamics need future investigation.

Data access statement:

Anonymized data not published within this article will be made available at the request of qualified investigators whose proposal of data use has been approved by an independent review committee.
Questions and control in victim–offender meetings
Authors: Langford Rachel
Published: January 2025

In some restorative justice schemes, facilitators have been found to control discussions and outcomes, influence the participation rights of offenders and victims and coax offenders into explanations of accountability. This study used audio-recordings of four restorative justice meetings that were transcribed and examined using the method of conversation analysis. I examined the questions asked by the facilitator, focusing on the role of epistemics in how the questions were constructed. Findings revealed a relationship between asking questions and having control, showing the significant role the facilitator played in shaping the restorative justice narrative through the question–answer framework. Offenders and victims were questioned differently by the facilitator, resulting in the talk of offenders being restricted and scrutinised.
Trends in anterior shoulder instability procedures over the last decade in the United States
Authors: Thakkar Akshar P , Reyes Samuel G , Jadidi Shaheen , Bhatia Sanjeev , Bare Aaron A
Published: January 2025

Background

The treatment algorithm for traumatic shoulder instability has evolved, emphasizing the significance of glenoid bone loss and the glenoid track, addressing humeral, and glenoid vault bone deficiencies. This study examines trends and demographics of anterior shoulder instability procedures in the United States from 2010 to 2020.

Methods

PearlDiver database was queried for patients who underwent traumatic anterior shoulder instability procedures. Student t and multiple regression analysis tests were used for statistical comparisons and trends analysis ( P < 0.05 significant).

Results

Arthroscopic anterior labral repair showed an annual decline of approximately 10% compared to the substantial growth of Latarjet coracoid transfer procedures in the first half of the decade (2010–2015), followed by a plateau in the second half (2016–2020). Arthroscopic anterior labral repair was most prevalent in the 15 to 19 age range, while Latarjet was most prevalent in the 20 to 24 age group. Latarjet procedures were three times more common in males than females, whereas arthroscopic anterior labral repairs occurred approximately twice as frequently in males compared to females.

Discussion

Latarjet procedures showed a general increase in annual growth rate, while arthroscopic anterior labral repairs have consistently declined. Open anterior capsulorrhaphy with bone block, open capsular shift, and open capsulolabral repairs have shown a steady decrease in incidence.
Lactobacillaceae and Parkinson's disease: An apparent paradox
Authors: van der Maden Marieke ME , Verbeek Marcel M , Beckers Milan
Published: January 2025

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder predominantly known for its motor symptoms such as bradykinesia, rigidity and tremor, but the disorder is also increasingly recognized for its association with impaired gastrointestinal function. The composition of the gut microbiome is known to be different in PD compared with healthy individuals. One of the bacterial families with increased abundance in people with PD is Lactobacillaceae. Interestingly, opposite effects have been ascribed to Lactobacillaceae in PD. A number of studies have linked Lactobacillaceae spp. in the gut to worse motor function, and to premature degradation of levodopa. However, other studies have linked administration of Lactobacillaceae-containing probiotics to improved motor function and reduced gastrointestinal problems. In this narrative review, we investigate this apparent paradox. The key to its understanding appears to lie in the specific species of Lactobacillaceae. The species L. plantarum in particular seemed to show a correlation with improved motor symptoms, as well as a reduction in intestinal inflammation, whereas L. brevis, L. curvatus and L. fermentum have properties that might be detrimental to people with PD.
Towards sustainability in transboundary water resources: The role of inter-state solidarity
Authors: McIntyre Owen
Published: January 2025

While cooperation regarding the management of transboundary water resources continues to improve in terms of the extent and intensity of inter-State engagement, watercourse States will increasingly need to employ flexible arrangements to facilitate the adaptive management of shared waters in response to the likely impacts of climate change. The legal challenges involved in crafting and applying such arrangements will require greater focus upon the community of interest understood to exist amongst co-basin States, and greater reliance upon the principle of solidarity underlying this concept. Though long a feature of international law, solidarity plays a particularly important role in the continuing development and functioning of international water law, and today offers a set of cooperative values to assist international water law in adapting to the looming global water crisis.
Making sense of foreign investment screening through sectoral analysis
Authors: Liu Imogen T.
Published: January 2025

This commentary engages with Alami by making the case for both a broader view of how states have sought to mediate globalised investment flows and a narrower sectoral analysis of mergers and acquisitions to make sense of foreign investment screening vis-à-vis contemporary transformations of the global economy.
Feminist situated scholarship as the antidote to the necrolocution
Authors: Caretta Martina Angela
Published: January 2025

Gibson asks: how do we undo the harms of this participatory turn? How can we acknowledge that the material never fully accounts for the immaterial? How do we avoid becoming ants that need to spatialize and make visible everything they research? In this piece, I argue that some of these issues can be mediated and mitigated by entering the field with a feminist epistemological stance. I provide three examples of how feminist epistemology can be mobilized at different stages of the research process as an antidote to the necrolocutor, that is, data extraction through participatory methods: cuerpo-territorio, member-checking, and data dissemination. I explicitly draw on original material, critical authors from the Global South, and novel and creative methodologies. I conclude by showing also how being reflexive and wanting to create reciprocal collaborative research relationships can result in difficult conversations with gatekeepers and ultimately in the decision not to further the research fatigue existing in some communities.
Leveraging content economy for growth-external influencers or internal creators?
Authors: Pal Singh Guninder , Choudhary Vikram , Rawat Gargi
Published: January 2025

This case demonstrates transformation of social media ecosystem into “content economy.” From the lens of Zayan, the social media head of a personal finance and trading company, the case delves into the strategic decision on whether to enhance the company’s social media presence by leveraging external influencers or cultivate internal content creators. Along the way, the case explores the interplay between technological and sociocultural factors, which foster the content economy ecosystem. It delves into how advancements in digital platforms shape the landscape of content creation, distribution, monetization, and consumption. It presents multidimensionality of the impact created by the content economy. It highlights the deep social, cultural, and economic impact through an interaction between users, creators, brands, and social actors. Overall, this case helps business students in understanding the technological and sociocultural dynamics at play in the content economy ecosystem, and their implications on users, creators, brands, and society at large.
Recommendations for improving accessibility of digital health interventions for cardiometabolic disease for ethnically diverse populations
Authors: Ramasawmy Mel , Khan Nushrat , Sunkersing David , Sajid Madiha , Modha Shivali H , Mistry Manoj , Hanif Wasim , Stevenson Fiona , Patel Kiran , Khunti Kamlesh , Gill Paramjit , Poole Lydia , Banerjee Amitava
Published: January 2025

Digital health interventions (DHIs), such as apps, websites and wearables, are being presented as solutions or enablers to manage the burden of cardiometabolic disease in healthcare. However, the potential benefits of DHIs may not be reaching the most in-need populations, who may face intersecting barriers to accessing health services and digital solutions. The Digital Interventions for South Asians in Cardiometabolic Disease (DISC) study used a mixed-method approach to focus on people of a South Asian background, a high-risk group for cardiometabolic disease. A one-day workshop was held in May 2023 with key stakeholders, including people with lived experience, health professionals, technology innovators and policymakers ( n = 34), to develop recommendations arising from the DISC study findings. Discussions covered four areas: actions to support individuals to access and benefit from DHIs; translating learning about inclusive design into practice; the role of regulation and evaluation to improve inclusivity of DHIs used within the health service; and improving quality of data collection and use to reduce inequalities related to digital health and cardiometabolic disease. Our recommendations align with recent national strategies and provide specific examples of actions that can be taken to address digital inequalities for ethnic minority populations.
Impact of #PCOSweightloss: A global X hashtag analysis study of weight loss narratives in the PCOS community
Authors: Afaq Munaza , Vashisht Kumar , Al-Dhoon Areen , Abraham Divya , Atanasov Atanas G. , Matin Maima , Arshad Zara , Kashyap Rahul , Nawaz Faisal A.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Social media plays a significant role in fostering communities around health and wellness. The hashtag #PCOSweightloss has become a pivotal forum on the platform X, where individuals exchange experiences, share information, and motivate each other concerning weight loss strategies connected with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).

Objective

This study aims to analyze the trends of #PCOSweightloss on X to gain insights into the social media metrics, including overall hashtag reach, key themes, and potential influence on management practices of PCOS.

Methods

Fedica research analytics tool ( https://fedica.com ) was utilized to automatically evaluate quantitatively the posts on the platform X containing #PCOSweightloss from July 1st, 2017 to July 1st, 2023.

Results

During the defined period, 1570 users shared 12,200 posts on X, gathering 2,967,001 views. The highest number of posts originated from the United States (38.6%), followed by India (30.6%) and the United Kingdom (10.6%). Top co-occurring hashtags associated with #PCOSweightloss included #PCOS, #healthyfood, #pcosmood and #diabetes. Physicians were key contributors to the discourse, contributing to 30% of the ten most engaging posts and 20% of the top ten influencers. Sentiment analysis revealed a predominant neutral sentiment (98%), while 1% each revealed positive and negative sentiments.

Conclusion

Our study affirms the substantial presence of #PCOSweightloss in the PCOS discourse on X. The involvement of physicians is particularly noteworthy, as it emphasizes the importance of expert-guided discussions in the online health discourse. On the background of geographical variances and the challenge of engaging a wider audience due to the limited follower counts of many participants, there is a clear opportunity for further community engagement and outreach. The prevailing neutral tone showcases a community engaged primarily in an informational exchange, setting the stage for more profound discussions of novel PCOS weight loss strategies.
Tentative governance: An exploration of ethical governance strategies for emerging science and technology
Authors: Yu Xue , Wang Qian
Published: January 2025

It has become a consensus that the benign development of emerging science and technology (S&T) urgently needs the support of an ethical governance framework. At present, there are three focal points in the construction of the S&T ethical governance system: risk governance, agile governance and global governance. The analysis of these three concerns in this study shows that there are still some practical problems, such as insufficient emergency capacity, low governance efficiency and weak global cooperation capacity. Tentative strategies for S&T ethical governance are helpful to solve these problems. The strategies are characterized by cautious, dynamic, flexible and progressive approaches, adopting both top-down and bottom-up governance methods and paying special attention to early warnings, feedback and the adjustment of strategies to seek the best results. The governance process of these strategies is more suitable for the ‘upstream’ stage in the development of emerging S&T. As a response to uncertainty, tentative strategies can help to improve the ethical governance system of S&T. However, such strategies also have some problems, so there is a need for practical wisdom, such as balancing flexibility and stability, considering temporary and long-term factors, and coordinating localization and globalization.
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Obesity Among Children and Adolescents Living With Disability in Yaoundé, Cameroon
Authors: Fombo Enjeh Jabbossung , Sangwe Clovis Nchinjoh , Budzi Michael Ngenge , Changoh Marvel Changoh , Mbapah Leslie Tasha , Kebede Hawi Kidanu , Rose Adam J.
Published: January 2025

Obesity is a global health concern, with children and adolescents living with disabilities being particularly vulnerable. This study investigated the prevalence of obesity and identified associated factors among children and adolescents with disabilities in Yaoundé, Cameroon. A cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 135 children and adolescents with disabilities. Data on parent characteristics (e.g., age and household income) and child characteristics (e.g., sex and age) were collected through self-report questionnaires filled by parents. The children’s and adolescent’s weight (in Kg) and height (in m) were measured, and Body Mass Index (BMI) status calculated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to examine the associations between these independent variables and obesity. A p-value of less than .05 was considered significant. The prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents with disabilities was 14% (95% CI: 8.1–19.9%). Increased meal frequency (OR = 4.2, 95% CI: 1.6–12.6, p = .005) and experiencing emotional abuse (OR = 6.4, 95% CI: 1.2–41.8, p = .03) were significantly associated with obesity on multivariable analysis. This study reveals a high prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents with disabilities in the Yaoundé, Cameroon. Higher daily meal frequency and a history of emotional abuse were associated with obesity. Our findings suggest that comprehensive interventions addressing dietary habits, psychosocial well-being, and inclusive environments are essential to prevent and manage obesity among children and adolescents with disabilities.
Japanese Mothers’ Communication on Sexuality Education with Elementary School-Age Children (7–11)
Authors: Sato Takahiro , Kataoka Chie , Mitsutake Tomomi , McKay Cathy , Kizuka Hirotaka , Koide Manami , Miyachi Miho , Tomura Takafumi , Furuta Yu
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study was to explain Japanese mothers’ communication on sexuality education with elementary school-age children (7–11). There were six mothers who consented to participate in this study, sharing their thoughts, opinions, and experiences related to sexuality education. A constant comparative analysis method was used to analyze the data, with three themes emerging from the data: (a) teaching the importance of self-protective behaviors, (b) finding the right timing to have important conversations regarding sexuality, and (c) understanding the balance of what to cover at school versus what to cover at home. To advance the quality of parent and family communication regarding sexuality education, teachers and administrators need clear and focused goals related to the applicability and caliber of sexuality education programs and curricula at elementary schools.
Impact of Brand and Testing Method on Coffee Taste Perception between Genders: A Comparative Study of Two Leading Coffee Brands in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Yi-Lang , Chen Ya-Chien
Published: January 2025

Coffee is one of the world’s most widely enjoyed beverages and is sold by numerous global coffee brands; however, few studies have investigated how brand information affects the perceived tastes of consumers. This study employed three testing methods and subjective scoring to evaluate perceived coffee tastes associated with two popular coffee brands in Taiwan. Thirty young men and thirty young women were asked to drink Starbucks and 7-Eleven Americanos and then report their perceived preference levels under three method-related conditions (i.e., blind test [BT], correct brand information [CI], and incorrect brand information [II]). The analysis of variance results revealed that all the main variables’ effects on taste scores were nonsignificant and that the gender and brand variables interactively and individually affected the scores with the employed method. The overall taste score of the men was significantly higher than that of the women under the BT condition. Under the CI condition, women had a significantly higher preference for Starbucks Americano than for 7-Eleven Americano; this result was reversed under the BT condition. These findings suggest that the perceived taste of the female participants was influenced by the assimilation effect of coffee brands; however, this phenomenon was not observed in the male participants. This outcome can be attributed to the more sensitive taste of women relative to men. These insights are valuable for understanding the behavior of coffee consumers and for crafting effective service strategies tailored to coffee brand operators.
A Multilevel Analysis of Farmers’ Adoption of Water-saving Irrigation Technology: Evidence From the North China Plain
Authors: Guo Yibei , Zhang Kunpeng , Jia Xiaohu
Published: January 2025

Agricultural water scarcity poses a significant threat to food security and sustainable development. Farmers’ adoption of agricultural water-saving irrigation technologies (WSIT) is essential for addressing this challenge. However, decisions to adopt such technologies are shaped by both individual and structural factors across multiple levels. This study investigated the multilevel determinants of WSIT adoption in the North China Plain (NCP) through a field survey conducted from late 2012 to early 2013. We collected retrospective data from 818 households spanning 2010 to 2012. Initially, we employed a binomial logistic regression model to identify significant household- and village-level factors influencing WSIT adoption. Recognizing the nested nature of adoption decisions within individual and village contexts, and the importance of multilevel interactions, we further utilized a multilevel mixed-effects logistic model. Our findings indicated that household-level factors, such as farm size, access to irrigation resources, education, input costs, and village leadership, were the primary drivers of WSIT adoption. Approximately 22.7% of the variation in adoption was attributable to differences between villages. At the village level, larger village size decreased the likelihood of adoption, while the presence of Water User Associations (WUAs) had a positive influence. Mechanism analysis suggested that household-level characteristics affected farmers’ adoption behavior through possible channels such as technical training, farmers’ perception of climate change, and the availability of alternative technologies. These findings highlight the importance of considering multiple contextual factors in studying farmers’ adoption behavior and provide important policy implications for decision-makers.

JEL classification: D1; Q16; Q25
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Diabetes Prevalence in Europe
Authors: Sidahmed Sahar , Geyer Siegfried , Beller Johannes
Published: January 2025

Diabetes prevalence is steadily increasing in Europe. This study aims to compare diabetes prevalence and the existence of related socioeconomic inequalities between 19 European countries. Using data from The European Social Survey (ESS), there were 31,178 participants (53.06% women) aged 25+ years from Austria, Belgium, Czechia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Education level and employment were used as indicators of socioeconomic inequalities. Logistic regression analyses were calculated to predict diabetes by controlling for age and gender. Differences in the effect size of education on diabetes prevalence between countries were then further examined. Overall diabetes prevalence in Europe was reported to be 6.12%, and was higher in participants from Eastern and Southern Europe than in Northern and Western Europe. Additionally, men in Western and Northern Europe had a higher risk of reporting having diabetes compared to women. Employment was identified as a protective factor against diabetes development across all European regions. Moreover, individuals with a tertiary level of education had a lower risk of reporting having diabetes in most European regions except for the Eastern region. Participants with lower education levels and the unemployed ones had a higher chance of reporting having diabetes. This was found across all European regions except for some countries from the Eastern region.