bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sueño y epilepsia: exploración de relaciones y trastornos asociados
Authors: Jara-Rojas Laura , Hall-Funes Tyra , Chavarría-Núñez Katherine , Sequeira-Quesada Carlos , Chaves-Jimenez Marianela
Published: September 2023

Las interacciones entre el sueño y la epilepsia son fundamentales para la comprensión integral de ambas condiciones. Las alteraciones del sueño pueden ejercer un impacto adverso en el manejo de la epilepsia, mientras que el inadecuado control de la epilepsia puede perturbar la calidad del sueño de los pacientes. Además de la mala calidad del sueño y la somnolencia diurna excesiva, los pacientes con epilepsia también enfrentan otros trastornos del sueño, tales como la apnea obstructiva del sueño, el insomnio, el síndrome de piernas inquietas, las parasomnias y el bruxismo. En este artículo, realizamos una revisión actualizada de la relación bidireccional entre el sueño y la epilepsia, explorando también los principales trastornos del sueño y sus correspondientes vínculos con la enfermedad epiléptica.
The incorporation of information and communication technologies in medication administration: opportunities and challenges for nursing management
Authors: Chileno Camacho Luis Felipe , Martínez García Diana Nancy , Velasco Acuario Evelyn Fernanda , Tacle Humanante Cristofher Israel
Published: September 2023

Introduction: the safe and efficient administration of medications is essential to guarantee the quality of medical care and the safety of patients. The adoption of information and communication technologies (ICT) in this process can improve accuracy and efficiency, reduce errors. Objective: determine the incorporation of information and communication technologies in medication administration: opportunities and challenges for nursing management. Methods: quantitative, descriptive and transversal approach. A questionnaire was applied that has a Cronbach's alpha = 0,9, composed of 5 closed questions based on a Likert scale, the same one that was applied to health personnel who work at the San Pablo Health Center, Bolívar Province, Ecuador. Results: the nursing staff presents different levels of competence. Certain participants show a low level in certain dimensions, while others demonstrate a medium or high level of competence. Challenges are identified in areas such as the management of digital systems, digital communication, information processing and content generation. Conclusions: the incorporation of ICT in the administration of medications in the field of nursing management offers significant opportunities to improve safety, efficiency and quality in medical care. It is recommended to provide adequate training and support to strengthen the digital skills of nursing staff
Physiological Evaluations of Selected Clonal Oil Palm on Shallow Peat in Teluk Intan, Perak
Authors:   Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Md Noor Mohd Roslan , Rosli Samsul Kamal , Othman Hasnol , Harun Mohd Haniff , Hashim Ahmad Termizi
Published: September 2023

A physiological evaluation was done on selected clonal oil palms derived from different starting materials namely “L236 Normal”, from normal cultures; “L236 Mantle”, from mantle fruiting palms; “L238 Suspension”, from liquid suspension cultures and “L238 Solid”, from solid agar cultures. As a comparison, standard cross materials were used. Gas exchange measurements and other physiological parameter were done on leaflets of frond 17. Highest CO2 assimilation rate was seen in the “LS238 Suspension” derived palms. “LS238 Solid” derived palms are considered as the best water saver based on WUE. In terms of light response curve, “L236 Normal” palms showed the highest assimilation with Amax, of about 8 µmol/m2/s. All palms showed Mg foliar contents exceeding the minimum Mg foliar quantity needed. Cu deficiency was noted in the “L236 Mantle” and “L236 Normal” derived palms. All palms had minimum B foliar contents, with the lowest content in “LS238 Solid” and thus was 40 per cent lower than DxP palms Keywords: Oil palm, clonal oil palm, peat, WUE, physiological evaluation.
Strategy to Manage Herbicide Resistant Eleusine indica in an Oil Palm Nursery in Jerantut Area
Authors:   Pusat Perkhidmatan Pertanian Tun Razak, Mohd Nasir Ahmad Ramadzan , Foo Fang Yeow , Romli Mohd Fakrul Hafifi
Published: September 2023

The present studies were conducted in an oil palm nursery in the Jerantut area where the main weed Eleusine indica was suspected to be resistant to glufosinate-ammonium. In Experiment 1, sodium chlorate -7.5 kg per hectare and glufosinate-ammonium -3.3 L per hectare gave moderate and poor control (60% and 40%) at 28 days after spraying respectively. Glyphosate at normal rate recommended for soft grass weed control ( lx) was ineffective. In Experiment 2, glyphosate at highest rate (x8) gave good weed control (79% scorched at 28 days after spraying). Fluazifop-butyl was ineffective at the 3 rates tested. Glufosinate-ammonium required higher rates (x4 and x8) to achieve good control at 14 days after spraying. Some of these herbicide mixtures gave high percentage weed scorching but the costs can be higher. Pre-emergent herbicide (ametryn, atrazine) in mixture with fluazifop-butyl and sodium chlorate were promising and can be included to manage resistant weed populations by reducing its seeds bank. Other than that, planters should practice integrated weed management programme including cultural practices such as grass cutting/mowing and rotation of crops or nursery site. Keywords: Eleusine indica, herbicides, biotype, resistance, integrated weed management.
Incidence of Silvanus sp. (Silvanidae:Coleoptera) in Oil Palm Plantations in Andhra Pradesh, India: A study
Authors:   Directorate of Oil Palm Research, Kalidas Potineni , Saravanan L , K P Deepthi
Published: September 2023

Oil palm, is cultivated in tropical areas of India under irrigated conditions. It has been observed that the palms in certain parts of India are being attacked by a number of insect pests viz. leaf web worm, slug caterpillar and psychids which are of minor importance on other crops. In recent surveys, incidence of Silvanus sp was observed for the first time feeding on the leaflets of mature oil palm. The pest which is commonly reported in stored grains, coupled with leaf rotting fungi on oil palm leaflets. This study calls for further investigation on the pest and fungi. Keywords: Silvanid, leaf rotting fungi, slug caterpillar, leaf web worm, psychid
Mechanised Weed Control Applicator for Mature Oil Palm
Authors:   Universiti Putra Malaysia, Darius El Pebrian , Yahya Azmi
Published: September 2023

A new machine system has been designed, developed and evaluated for extensive weed control around mature oil palm. The machine system consists of a 4WD prime mover with the front mounted machine attachments for circle spraying operation. The configuration of the circle spraying attachment consists of the hexagonal curved spray boom, lifting arm, opening-tilting mechanism unit, storage tank, spray pump, solid cone nozzles, and associate hydraulic system. Field performance tests on the machine system showed an average effective field capacity of 7.89 ha per manday and when compared against the earlier reported effective field capacity of the walking spray-operated equipment using rechargeable battery powered knapsack sprayer, there was a difference of 1.97 times for circle spraying of mature palms grove. A reduction in the human energy expenditure of 24.19 kcal per manhour or 10.68 per cent but an increase in the spraying cost per hectare of USDl.53 per hectare (RM4.66/ha) or 24.9 per cent were obtained with the machine system against the walking spraying-operated equipment using rechargeable battery powered knapsack sprayer. Justification for machine system to be cost effective could be satisfied if the present effective field capacity is increased to 26.3 per cent with a good skilled operator or if the current R&D cost is reduced to 0.41 times. This is because the improved field capacity of the new machine system could not rationalise its current R&D cost. Admittedly, the machine system has great potential to overcome the limitations with the currently employed machine/equipment in the circle spraying operation of oil palm in the plantation. Keywords: Circle spraying, oil palm cultivation, agricultural machinery, mechanisation.
Chemical Control of Herbicide-resistant Eleusine indica in an Oil Palm Nursery
Authors:   Hextar Chemicals Sdn Bhd, Ng Kwang Yew
Published: September 2023

Eleusine indica has been reported to have become a dominant weed in oil palm nurseries after repeated chemical usage, especially of the same chemicals. This weed species is reported to be resistant to a number of herbicides including glyphosate. The main strategy to prevent or avoid herbicide resistance has been to apply combinations of herbicides in mixtures or in sequence. A field trial was conducted in an oil palm nursery to determine the effectiveness of clethodim, a new grass herbicide, in combination with glyphosate against E. indica that had been reported to be resistant to glyphosate. A total of ten treatment combinations were evaluated. Clethodim 26 per cent wlw EC at 0.9 litre product per hectare and 1.125 litres product per hectare with or without added adjuvant were found to be effective in controlling E. indica up to four weeks after spraying. However, weed succession by species of sedges and broadleaved weeds (Cyperus digitatus, Borreria latifolia, Ageratum conyzoides, Phyllanthus amarus and Cleome rudidosperma) occurred within the sprayed areas as early as three weeks after spraying; where glyphosate IPA 41.0 per cent w/w SL alone at 2.0 litres product per hectare was ineffective, indicating weed resistance. The lower rate of glyphosate IPA 41.0 per cent w/w SL + clethodim 26 per cent w/w EC at 2 litres+ 0.54 litre product per hectare only provided 85 per cent control, and is followed with regeneration of the E. indica at three weeks after spraying. However, there was no succession by other weeds in this glyphosate IPA + clethodim mixture. The treatment with glyphosate IPA 41.0 per cent w/w SL+ clethodim 26 per cent wlw EC at 2 litres+ 0.9 litre product per hectare was most effective and gave excellent control of E. indica and at the same time there was no weed re-growth or succession up to four weeks after application. The responses observed in all glyphosate IPA + clethodim combinations suggest synergistic activity in mixture. Keywords: Eleusine indica, herbicide resistance, clethodim, glyphosate, weed management.
Polymorphisms and expression levels of TNP2, SYCP3, and AZFa genes in patients with azoospermia
Authors: Jebur Mohammad Ismael Ibrahim , Dastmalchi Narges , Banamolaei Parisa , Safaralizadeh Reza
Published: September 2023

Objective: Azoospermia (the total absence of sperm in the ejaculate) affects approximately 10% of infertile males. Despite diagnostic advances, azoospermia remains the most challenging issue associated with infertility treatment. Our study evaluated transition nuclear protein 2 (TNP2) and synaptonemal complex protein 3 (SYCP3) polymorphisms, azoospermia factor a (AZFa) microdeletion, and gene expression levels in 100 patients with azoospermia. Methods: We investigated a TNP2 single-nucleotide polymorphism through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis using a particular endonuclease. An allele-specific PCR assay for SYCP3 was performed utilizing two forward primers and a common reverse primer in two PCR reactions. Based on the European Academy of Andrology guidelines, AZFa microdeletions were evaluated by multiplex PCR. TNP2, SYCP3, and the AZFa region main gene (DEAD-box helicase 3 and Y-linked [DDX3Y]) expression levels were assessed via quantitative PCR, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the diagnostic capability of these genes. Results: The TNP2 genotyping and allelic frequency in infertile males did not differ significantly from fertile volunteers. In participants with azoospermia, the allelic frequency of the SYCP3 mutant allele (C allele) was significantly altered. Deletion of sY84 and sY86 was discovered in patients with azoospermia and oligozoospermia. Moreover, SYCP3 and DDX3Y showed decreased expression levels in the azoospermia group, and they exhibited potential as biomarkers for diagnosing azoospermia (area under the curve, 0.722 and 0.720, respectively). Conclusion: These results suggest that reduced SYCP3 and DDX3Y mRNA expression profiles in testicular tissue are associated with a higher likelihood of retrieving spermatozoa in individuals with azoospermia. The homozygous genotype TT of the SYCP3 polymorphism was significantly associated with azoospermia.
The Race with No Finish Line: Assessing the Strategy of Regional Great Power Competition
Authors: Skold Martin
Published: September 2023

The Race with No Finish Line offers a framework for understanding the strategies of states engaged in competition for regional hegemony. Employing insights drawn from business strategy, the author argues for an essentially asymmetric understanding of fundamental policy goals for states engaged in competition for control of a region of the globe, with one state attempting to maintain a dominant position and another attempting, by focusing limited resources, to supplant it.
İbnü’l-Melâhimî’nin Ahkâm Teorisinin Zât-Sıfât İlişkisi Tartışmalarındaki Yeri
Authors: ERDİNÇ Ziya
Published: September 2023

Kelam tarihinde zât-sıfât ilişkisi problemi, sadece ilâhî sıfatların zâtla ilişkisinin nasıl açıklanacağıyla sınırlı kalmamış aynı isim ve sıfatların günlük dilde insanlar hakkında kullanılan lafızlar olmasından dolayı insanların sıfatlarının zâtlarıyla ilişkisini incelemeyi zorunlu hale getirmiştir. Dolayısıyla kelâm ekollerinin zât-sıfât ilişkisine dair açıklama teorilerini gâib ve şâhid âlemi göz önünde bulundurarak değerlendirmek oldukça önemlidir.

Bu çerçevede Ebü’l-Hüseyin el-Basrî’den önce Muʿtezilî âlimler tarafın-dan ileri sürülen i) zâta özdeş sıfatlar teorisi ile ii) Ebû Hâşim’in haller teori-sinde tevhide aykırı açıklamalardan kaçınma hassasiyeti ön plana çıkmakla birlikte bu meselede şâhid ve gâib âlem arasındaki istidlâl birliği sağlanama-mıştır. Diğer taraftan Ehl-i sünnet kelâmcılarının geliştirdiği iii) hakikî mana sıfatları teorisi ile iv) Bâkıllânî ve Cüveynî’nin haller teorisi ise iki âlem ara-sında uyumlu bir açıklama sunarken tevhide zarar verdiği eleştirisine maruz kalmıştır.

İbnü'l-Melâhimî ise Ebü’l-Hüseyin el-Basrî’den tevârüs edip geliştirdiği ahkâm teorisi sayesinde Muʿtezile'nin temel hassasiyetinden taviz vermeden Ehl-i sünnet kelâmcılarında görüldüğü gibi her iki âlem hakkında geçerli bir açıklama ortaya koymuş ve böylece geleneği etkileyen farklı bir zât-sıfât ilişkisi teorisi kelâma kazandırılmıştır. Önceki teorilerde âlim, kâdir ve hay sıfatlarıyla nitelenen insanlarda ilim, kudret ve hayat manaları gerçek varlığa sahip arazlar olarak görülürken ahkâm teorisinde iki âlemde de bunların gerçek varlıkları nefyedilmiş; zâttan başka mana ve hallerin sübutu reddedilerek sadece izâfetten ibaret olan hükümlerin sübutu kabul edilmiştir. Fahreddîn Râzî’nin hayatının sonlarında telif ettiği eserlerinde benimsediği zât-sıfât ilişkisi teorisinin de İbnü’l-Melâhimî’nin ahkâm teorisiyle örtüştüğü görülmüştür.

Bu çalışmada, İbnü’l-Melâhimî’nin zât-sıfât ilişkisine dair kuşatıcı bir açıklama olarak sistematize ettiği ahkâm teorisinin mahiyeti, başlıca özellikleri ve kelâmî düşüncedeki yerinin belirlenmesi hedeflenmektedir. Çalışmada, İbnü’l-Melâhimî’nin eserlerinde farklı boyutlarıyla mündemiç ahkâm teorisinin ana unsurları ve önceki teorilerden farkının ortaya konulması amacıyla karşılaştırmalı analiz ve gömülü teori yöntemleri takip edilmiştir.
A Comprehensive Review of Aluminium Matrix Composite Reinforced with hBN Particulates
Authors: Singh Hartaj
Published: September 2023

Aluminum alloys are widely employed due to their advantageous combination of properties, including light weight, corrosion resistance, and mechanical strength. These alloys consist predominantly of aluminum with small additions of other elements aimed at enhancing specific characteristics. Ceramic reinforcements like hBN, SiC, Al2O3, and B4C are added to aluminum alloys to make better their mechanical and wear resistance properties. This practice is frequent and enhances the overall performance of the resulting composite materials. The addition of ceramic reinforcements, incorporated into an aluminum matrix, leads to improved strength and stiffness of the composite. This aspect is particularly advantageous in scenarios necessitating high mechanical strength, such as aerospace and automotive components. The review focuses on the effects of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) reinforcement on composite materials, particularly aluminum alloys. It emphasizes that the properties of these composites can vary based on several factors, including particle size, weight percentage of hBN, and the processing techniques used. The key points addressed in the study include the impact of hBN reinforcement on mechanical behavior (strength and micro-hardness) and wear resistance behavior of the resulting aluminum alloy composites.
Cost-utility of real-time continuous glucose monitoring versus self-monitoring of blood glucose in people with insulin-treated Type 2 diabetes in Canada
Authors: Alshannaq Hamza , Isitt John J , Pollock Richard F , Norman Gregory J , Cogswell Greg , Lynch Peter M , Roze Stéphane
Published: September 2023

Aim:
Clinical trials and real-world data for Type 2 diabetes have shown that real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rt-CGM) lowers glycated hemoglobin (A1c) and reduces hypoglycemia relative to self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). This analysis examined the long-term health and economic outcomes associated with using rt-CGM versus SMBG in people with insulin-treated Type 2 diabetes in Canada.
Materials & methods:
Clinical data were sourced from a real-world study, in which rt-CGM reduced A1C by 0.56% versus continued SMBG. The analysis was performed using the IQVIA Core Diabetes Model, from a Canadian payer perspective over a lifetime horizon for a cohort aged 65 years with an A1C of 8.3% at baseline. Future costs and clinical outcomes were discounted at 1.5% annually.
Results:
Projected total mean lifetime costs were CAD 207,466 for rt-CGM versus CAD 189,863 for SMBG (difference: CAD 17,602) and projected mean quality-adjusted life expectancy was 9.97 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for rt-CGM versus 9.02 QALYs for SMBG (difference: 0.95 QALYs), resulting in an incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) of CAD 18,523 per QALY gained for rt-CGM versus SMBG. Findings were sensitive to changes in the A1C treatment effect, annual cost and quality of life benefit associated with using rt-CGM, SMBG frequency, and baseline age, but ICURs remained below CAD 50,000 per QALY in all analyses.
Conclusion:
For people in Canada with insulin-treated Type 2 diabetes and poor glycemic control, use of rt-CGM is likely to be cost-effective relative to SMBG.
Changing Harm Reduction Approaches Is Not a Choice; It Is Necessary to Survive
Authors: Naderi Shahram , Charkhgard Nader , Rad Peyman , Jafari Sara , Niknejad Saman
Published: September 2023

: Service providers have tried to reduce harm reduction and objectively improve health and infectious indicators caused by the consumption of illegal drugs for years. However, some disappointment has happened to these people. On the other hand, policymakers and society still need to remember the efforts of harm reduction service providers or have more and higher expectations in this regard. This article looks at the services and achievements of harm reduction from the past to the present. Also, it discusses the new harm reduction methods that align with today's needs of the global community. Today, a new mission is needed for harm reduction and other goals, such as mediation and human rights issues related to disease and addiction. The undeniable success of harm reduction in curbing and controlling many infectious aspects has caused policymakers and harm reduction service providers to become weak and need clarification. It has plunged harm reduction into a halo of uncertainty. There is a need to give new life to this dynamic thinking by redefining harm reduction.
Mental Health and Coronavirus Anxiety in Active and Inactive Elderly People During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Cheragh Birjandi Kazem , Ghasemi Elham , Mirboroon Davood , Ghafari Hamidreza
Published: September 2023

Background: The coronavirus pandemic and the controlling measures have had disparate impacts on older adults' physical, mental, and social health. Objectives: This study examined the psychological status, vitality, happiness, loneliness, and anxiety among active and inactive older men during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: In this causal-comparative study, 400 men aged 60 - 75 were selected by convenience sampling. Subjects were assessed for cognitive status, vitality, happiness, loneliness, and coronavirus anxiety. Data were analyzed statistically using covariance and Pearson correlation coefficient tests. Results: There was a significant difference between active and inactive older adults regarding cognitive status, happiness, and vitality, such that the active older adults scored higher (P < 0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between the two groups regarding coronavirus anxiety and loneliness, such that the inactive group scored higher in these two variables (P < 0.05). The correlation analysis indicated a significant correlation between cognitive status and coronavirus anxiety in both active and inactive groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: An active lifestyle and physical activity in older adults are important factors in improving cognitive status and vitality and reducing anxiety, especially during the coronavirus outbreak. Therefore, engaging older adults in physical activities will elevate their mental health and cognitive status.
Comparison of the Analgesic Effect of Pericapsular Ultrasound-Guided Nerve Group Block and Fascia Iliaca Block in Patients with Femoral Head Fracture for Neuraxial Block: A Pilot Study
Authors: Karami Tohid , Shokouhi Shahram , Fathollahzadeh Hamed
Published: September 2023

Background: Pelvic fractures are associated with a lot of pain. Objectives: This study aimed to compare pericapsular nerve and fascia iliaca block analgesia in the positioning of patients with femoral neck fractures for neuraxial anesthesia. Methods: In this double-blind clinical trial study, 50 patients (each group as a pilot: 25 patients) who were candidates for femoral neck fracture surgery were referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia. They were randomly assigned (using random allocation software) to 2 groups, including pericapsular block and fascia iliaca block. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to evaluate analgesia. The pain level of the patients was checked before the block, 10 minutes after the block, and before positioning for neuraxial anesthesia. Results: Regarding gender, 38% (N = 19) were female, and 62% (N = 31) were male. The mean age of the patients was 57.38 ± 8.49 years without a significant difference between the 2 groups (P = 0.315). The mean body mass index of the patients was 26.44 ± 3.77 kg/m2 without a significant difference between the 2 groups (P = 0.243). The mean pain 10 minutes after the block was 1.72 ± 0.73 in the pericapsular group and 3.92 ± 0.86 in the fascia iliaca group (P < 0.001). The mean difference in pain was investigated before and after the block in the pericapsular and fascia iliaca groups (P < 0.001). Ten minutes after the block, the pain intensity was different in the pericapsular group and in the fascia iliaca. Moreover, there was no pain in the moderate classification in the pericapsular treatment group, while 16 patients (64%) had moderate pain in the fascia iliaca group. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusions: This study shows that the pericapsular block may provide better analgesia for positioning in comparison to the fascia iliaca block in patients with femoral neck fractures.
Bacterial Contamination on Reusable Pulse Oximeter Sensors in Intensive Care Units and Its Manual Disinfection by Alcohol and Sodium Hypochlorite
Authors: Us-Sabah Noor , Syed Muhammad Mubeen , Jamal Maira , Quddusi Maida , Khan Farheen Ikram , Rao Danish Ahmed
Published: September 2023

: Nosocomial infections may result from intensive care unit pulse oximeters. The descriptive study examined pulse oximeter sensor microbiological contamination and the efficacy of manual disinfection with alcohol and sodium hypochlorite in five hospital intensive care units. Sixty-eight reusable pulse oximeter sensors were swabbed, cultured, and evaluated after decontamination. In private and public hospitals, 12 (35.2%) and 13 (37.2%) pulse oximeters tested positive for bacteria. Alcohol 70% reduced the microbial load and more than 10% sodium hypochlorite. The study found that purposeful cleaning and disinfection reduce microorganisms. Alcohol was more efficacious than sodium hypochlorite. Critical care facilities should regularly clean reusable pulse oximeter sensors.
Les arbitres et les Coupes du Monde de football : les « hommes en noir » sous les feux de la rampe ? (1930-2022)
Authors: Chovaux Olivier
Published: September 2023

Longtemps restés dans l’ombre, les « hommes en noir » sont désormais l’objet de l’attention des historiens du football. Les éditions successives des Coupes du monde, depuis 1930, sont un lieu privilégié pour observer les mutations de l’arbitrage international, par-delà les habituelles polémiques liées aux erreurs commises par les directeurs de jeu lors des rencontres. Les Coupes du monde sont aussi l’occasion pour les instances internationales d’expérimenter ou d’entériner des points particuliers des lois du jeu, tels les dispositifs d’assistance-vidéo aujourd’hui adoptés dans les principaux championnats nationaux. Pour les arbitres eux-mêmes, être retenu dans cette compétition majeure et médiatisée souligne l’excellence d’un parcours sportif personnel et la reconnaissance de la qualité de l’arbitrage de leur pays d’appartenance.
Annexés et déplacés : les clubs de football ukrainiens de Crimée et du Donbass depuis 2014
Authors: Ruzhelnyk Olga
Published: September 2023

L’espace footballistique ukrainien a connu de profonds changements si on le compare à son état d’avant 2014. Pour des raisons politiques, à savoir l’annexion de la Crimée et le début de la guerre du Donbass, nombre des principaux clubs de football ukrainiens ont bouleversé la physionomie de la ligue nationale de football. Certains l’ont quittée, à l’instar des clubs de football de la péninsule de Crimée ; d’autres ont changé d’emplacement, comme, par exemple, le FC « Shakhtar » Donetsk ou le FC « Zorya » Louhansk. Cet article vise à examiner les mutations du football professionnel en Ukraine, c’est-à-dire les incidences sur les clubs de football mentionnés des évolutions de la situation politique du pays de 2014 jusqu’au début de 2022.
« La marque du maillot ». Une histoire économique de Manchester United
Authors: Benammar Martine
Published: September 2023

Même en n’étant plus le club de football le plus riche au monde, Manchester United reste une place forte du football. Le développement mondial de la marque Manchester United a reposé sur un nouveau modèle économique né au début des années 1990 en s’appuyant sur la création de la Premier League et sa diffusion massive à la télévision, notamment sur des chaînes à péage. Propriétaire du plus grand stade anglais, les recettes au guichet restent un point fort de son offre commerciale. Grâce à des contrats atteignant des montants records avec ses équipementiers successifs et ses sponsors-maillots, Manchester United est devenu le club le plus populaire du monde et a dégagé des bénéfices malgré le paiement de dividendes généreux et de salaires élevés à des joueurs recrutés à prix d’or.
La Premier League s’ouvre au monde : 60 ans d’expatriation des footballeurs en Angleterre
Authors: Ravenel Loïc , Poli Raffaele , Besson Roger
Published: September 2023

À l’aide d’une cartographie originale, cet article examine l’évolution du nombre d’expatriés en Premier League anglaise depuis les années 1960. Marqué par une immigration sportive essentiellement britannique à l’origine, le championnat d’Angleterre s’est ouvert progressivement à l’Europe, puis au monde. Balançant entre le désir d’accueillir les meilleurs footballeurs de la planète et la volonté de préserver les joueurs et une identité anglaise, l’évolution de la Premier League illustre les effets concomitants de la mondialisation du football et des évolutions des réglementations concernant les transferts de joueurs.
Gérard Houllier et « les années Reds » (1998-2004) : une brèche pour les Frenchies à l’étranger ?
Authors: Bréhon Jean
Published: September 2023

pour le passionné de football, Houllier est un nom inscrit au panthéon des entraîneurs français du vingtième siècle. Celui que l’on surnomma « le professeur » est l’une des figures incontournables dont la réputation repose en grande partie sur sa réussite à la tête des « Reds » d’Anfield Road. Dans cet article, la reconstitution de la trajectoire professionnelle du technicien, l’analyse de sa conception du métier soulignent combien, dès l’arrivée à Liverpool, l’activité du manager s’inscrit dans un « travail actoriel » assumé : homme de terrain audacieux, de pouvoir et de réseaux, l’homme du Nord est, parmi d’autres, un pionnier du management et une figure incontournable de la mobilité professionnelle ; mobilité devenue une composante essentielle de l’internationalisation du jeu.
Un Yes Future pour le football féminin ? Le bilan de l’Euro 2022
Authors: Grün Laurent
Published: September 2023

L’Euro féminin disputé en Angleterre à l’été 2022 pourrait marquer un tournant dans l’histoire du football féminin. En effet, les affluences n’ont jamais été aussi conséquentes, à la fois dans les stades et devant les postes de télévision. Ce succès médiatique s’explique en grande partie par la qualité du jeu pratiqué par les sélections européennes, qui ont démontré des progrès évidents dans de nombreux secteurs. Même s’il faut se garder de conclusions hâtives, le succès de cet Euro a sans doute permis au football féminin anglais de poser les bases d’un développement affirmé au niveau amateur et de professionnaliser réellement le haut niveau.
Du carton rouge au but en or : retour sur l’histoire des « Ladies » du ballon rond (1894-2022)
Authors: Gozillon Audrey
Published: September 2023

Largement soutenu par la mise en place de politiques volontaristes, le football des femmes gagne en reconnaissance dans de nombreux pays européens. En Angleterre, tout particulièrement. Il faut dire que ce pays affiche un taux de féminisation (24,6 %) qui reste largement supérieur à d’autres nations. Comment peut-on expliquer cet écart ? En ayant recours à la socio-histoire et à la comparaison, nous mettons en évidence dans cet article les freins et les leviers ayant joué un rôle sur le processus historique d’institutionnalisation du football des ladies. Analysé sous cet angle, l’avènement contemporain de la pratique renvoie finalement aux mécanismes d’un global game, dont le développement international aujourd’hui interroge.
Le modèle économique de la Division 1 Féminine
Authors: Andreff Wladimir
Published: September 2023

Le modèle économique du football professionnel féminin français a été encore peu étudié. En France, l’exemple du championnat de Division 1 Arkema révèle tout d’abord un déséquilibre compétitif, selon l’indice de Noll-Scully, autour de deux clubs, L’Olympique Lyonnais et le Paris Saint-Germain, qui survolent le championnat tout en brillant en Ligue des champions. Cette domination s’accompagne d’une métropolisation du football féminin de haut niveau souvent adossé à des clubs de Ligue 1. Les revenus des clubs de Division 1 restent médiocres et proviennent surtout des droits TV et du sponsoring, mais très peu des recettes au guichet et du transfert de joueuses. Un déséquilibre qui produit de l’endettement, accroit la dépendance à l’égard de l’équipe masculine de Ligue 1 et menace de relégation les petits clubs tels que Fleury ou Soyaux.
L’embourgeoisement par l’humour. Fever Pitch et le football anglais
Authors: Sonntag Albrecht
Published: September 2023

Trente ans après sa publication, le roman de Nick Hornby, Fever Pitch (Carton Jaune), témoignage d’une époque révolue, apparaît à la fois comme annonciateur, reflet et vecteur du processus d’embourgeoisement du football anglais tout au long des années 1990. Le livre a eu un impact profond et durable, non seulement sur le monde de l’édition mais aussi sur le monde du supportérisme. Fever Pitch procède à une réhabilitation de l’humour dans le domaine du football. Reposant sur une étude de la littérature primaire et secondaire, ainsi que sur des entretiens avec des auteurs contemporains, des journalistes et de traducteurs, l’article cherche à évaluer l’héritage de ce roman singulier, publié à un moment charnière de l’histoire du football.
La Coupe du Monde du Moyen-Orient ?
Authors: Bromberger Christian , Dietschy Paul
Published: September 2023

La désignation du Qatar pour organiser la Coupe du monde 2022 a été à un choix contestable et contesté en raison de la nécessité de construire de grands stades dans un petit territoire et de l’emploi d’une main d’œuvre soumise à des conditions de travail terribles. Sans compter, entre autres, un bilan carbone négatif en raison de la climatisation des stades. Mais le Qatar est aussi un choix par défaut dans un espace footballistique, le Moyen-Orient, divisé par les conflits du xxe siècle et qui s’est converti récemment au football via notamment l’argent du pétrole. Il révèle aussi l’appétence des dirigeants de la FIFA pour les pays émergents qui ont été choisis depuis 2010 pour organiser la compétition suprême (Afrique du Sud, Brésil, Russie et Qatar). Un espace qui fait aussi peu de place aux femmes et qui est prisonnier de la logique continentale de la FIFA : de grands pays de football comme l’Égypte ou la Turquie auraient mérité d’être désignés s’ils ne faisaient partie l’un de la CAF, l’autre de l’UEFA et non de l’AFC comme le Qatar.
Urgency and Strategy for Multicultural Education Transformation in Conflict Resolution: A Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Sobry M , Ismail  , Fattah Abdul
Published: September 2023

This study examines the evolution of multicultural education in the context of conflict resolution. This study is guided by two central concerns: 1) the urgency of transforming multicultural education in conflict resolution, and 2) the strategy for transforming multicultural education in conflict resolution. This article is the result of a qualitative investigation employing a narrative literature study design. Google Scholar, an academic database, was used to compile all the literature. The authors used several document search keywords, namely “urgency, multicultural, education, resolution, conflict” and “strategy, multicultural, education, resolution, conflict”. This study clarified, first, that there are several imperatives for transforming multicultural education in conflict resolution: 1) understanding mutual respect; 2) increasing multicultural awareness; 3) developing dialogue skills; 4) encouraging social inclusion; 5) improving historical and contextual understanding; 6) developing conflict resolution skills; and 7) developing a pluralistic identity; Second, there are several strategies for transforming multicultural education in conflict resolution, such as 1) integration of multicultural principles into the educational curriculum; 2) training in conflict resolution skills; 3) dialogue education; 4) establishment of an inclusive learning environment; and 5) collaboration between communities. This research contributes conceptually to mapping educational institutions’ urgency and strategy to transform multicultural education into conflict resolution. This study contributes conceptually to the mapping of educational institutions' urgency and strategy to transition multicultural education into conflict resolution
Critical Analysis of Muhammad Yunus’ Building Social Business
Authors: Mwemezi Peter
Published: September 2023

This paper critical examine the overview of the idea, ongoing process of social business in Bangladesh as well contrast of social institutions paradigm with other existing business paradigms. For decades a world has been overloaded with poverty, environmental deterioration, as well moral foulness, social welfare institution seem to offer a glimmer of hope. Poverty alleviation has been a difficult issue tacked by government support, international aid agencies as well private agencies. With the respect to the fact that, the issue raised about collective obligation, there have been progressively integrated ambitions aiming at decreasing social together with unfriendly environmental impact of a company. A distinguished scholar and Nobel Peace Laureate Muhammad Yunus commenced joint ventures with transcontinental organization in Bangladesh, his social enterprise approach has received global attention. Some seem to be convinced that there might be solutions ahead these deliberate approaches, depending on more visionary projects placing the social issues in the key activities. The study, revealed that social enterprise is among those resourceful approaches, pressurize the company move from its business as usual along with innovation capacity leading to local market establishment while solving poverty issues.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Rekomendasi Tempat Wisata Menggunakan Metode TOPSIS
Authors: Setiawansyah Setiawansyah
Published: September 2023

This study aims to recommend tourist attractions using criteria of distance, travel time, entrance fees, and cleanliness by applying the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method in providing recommendations for a decision. TOPSIS is a multi-criteria decision-making method used to select the best alternative from a group of alternatives based on predetermined criteria. The results of the ranking of recommended tourist attractions that get rank 1 are Parks and Historical Places with a value of 0.673, rank 2 is Swimming Pool with a value of 0.597, rank 3 is Beach with a value of 0.504, and rank 4 is Mountain with a value of 0.409.
Permodelan Data Warehouse Untuk Penjualan Ban Menggunakan Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)
Authors: Saputra Eko
Published: September 2023

Data warehouse akan memungkinkan integrasi data dari berbagai macam aplikasi atau sistem yang dapat menjamin akses yang lebih cepat bagi manajemen untuk memperoleh informasi dan menganalisanya sebagai bahan informasi. Penggunaan Teknologi OLAP dapat memudahkan para stakeholder dalam mengambil keputusan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merancang data warehouse untuk transaksi penjualan agar mendukung proses analisa bagi para pihak eksekutif dalam pengambilan keputusan. Data warehouse Penjualan dirancangan dengan menggunakan Nine Step Methodology data warehouse sehingga menghasilkan desain data warehouse yang lebih baik dengan menggunakan permodelan star schema, sehingga proses OLAP untuk information delivery data penjualan menampilkan grafik penjualan secara cepat.
Kırsal Turizm ve Kırsal Kalkınma Yayınlarının VOSviewer ile Bibliyometrik Analizi
Authors: ONGUN Utku
Published: September 2023

Kırsal turizm kırsal kalkınmada kullanılan temel araçlarından biridir. Kırsal turizm ve kırsal kalkınma kavramları büyük ölçüde birbirleriyle ilişkilidir ve birbirlerini tamamlar. Bu iki kavramın birbiri ile ilişkili olmasından dolayı, çalışmada kırsal turizm ve kırsal kalkınma kavramları üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu çalışmada, 1994-2023 yılları arasında kırsal turizm ve kırsal kalkınma kavramı ile ilgili turizm alanında kaleme alınmış yayınlar çeşitli kriterler çerçevesinde değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 15 Temmuz 2023 tarihinde Web of Science veri tabanından bilimsel dâhil etme ve hariç tutma ölçütleri kullanılarak erişim sağlanan 295 adet yayın nitel araştırma yöntemleri içerisinde yer alan doküman inceleme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Kırsal turizm ve kırsal kalkınma anahtar kelimeleriyle ulaşılan yayınların her biri bir dokümandır. Veriler, Excel, Paintmaps ve VOSviewer 1.6.19 programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgulara göre; kırsal turizm ve kırsal kalkınma ile ilgili turizm alanındaki çalışmaların son yıllarda arttığı, araştırmacılar tarafından konunun sıklıkla kaleme alındığı, yüksek etkiye sahip dergilerde yayınlandığı ve ağırlıklı olarak kırsal turizm ve kırsal kalkınma anahtar kelimelerin kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Ulaşılan çalışmaların çoğunun makale türünde olduğu, diğerlerin ise, bildiri, derleme, kitap bölümü ve erken görünüm dökümanlar olduğu saptanmıştır. En fazla katkı sağlayan araştırmacılar Sharpley, Lane, Saxena, Hall, Kastenholz, Bramwell, Fleischer Cawley ve Getz’dir. Ayrıca bu konuya destek sağlayan 61 ülke arasında: İspanya, Romanya, Çin, İtalya, Sırbistan, Amerika, Portekiz, Kanada, Rusya, Türkiye ve İngiltere kırsal turizm ve kırsal kalkınma ile ilgili en fazla yayına sahip ülkeler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. En çok katkı sağlayan kurumlar ise University of Novi Sad, Universidad de Extremadura, University of Craiova, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Universidad de Cordoba, Universidade de Aveiro ve University of Belgrade gelmektedir. Çalışma, ulusal yazında kırsal turizm ve kırsal kalkınma ile ilgili turizm çalışmalarını ağ analizi ile kapsamlı bir şekilde inceleyen ve görsel olarak haritalandıran ilk girişimlerden biridir. Çalışmanın sonunda teorik ve pratik olarak öneriler sunulmaktadır.
การพัฒนาโมเดลความสัมพันธ์เชิงสาเหตุของความวิตกกังวลในคณิตศาสตร์และการทดสอบประสิทธิภาพของกลุ่มการปรึกษาเชิงจิตวิทยาแนวปัญญาพฤติกรรมนิยมต่อความวิตกกังวลในคณิตศาสตร์ในวัยรุ่นตอนต้น
Authors:   , หวังศิริเวช ธวัชชัย
Published: September 2023

การวิจัยนี้มุ่งเน้นศึกษาความวิตกกังวลในคณิตศาสตร์ โดยแบ่งการศึกษาออกเป็นสองส่วน ส่วนที่ 1 เป็นการวิจัยเพื่อพัฒนาโมเดลความสัมพันธ์เชิงสาเหตุของความวิตกกังวลในคณิตศาสตร์ โดยศึกษาปัจจัยที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการรู้คิดและพฤติกรรมที่ส่งผลกระทบต่อการเกิดและการคงอยู่ของความวิตกกังวลในคณิตศาสตร์ กลุ่มตัวอย่างเป็นนักเรียนระดับชั้นมัธยมศึกษาปีที่สามจำนวน 300 คน ผู้เข้าร่วมวิจัยตอบมาตรวัดแบบรายงานตนเองจำนวน 4 ฉบับ ได้แก่ ความวิตกกังวลในคณิตศาสตร์ ความคิดความเชื่อทางลบที่เกี่ยวข้องกับคณิตศาสตร์ การประเมินทางลบที่เกี่ยวข้องกับคณิตศาสตร์ และพฤติกรรมหลีกเลี่ยงคณิตศาสตร์  ผลการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลโดยการวิเคราะห์โมเดลสมการโครงสร้าง พบว่า โมเดลความวิตกกังวลในคณิตศาสตร์ที่ได้จากการทบทวนวรรณกรรมมีความสอดคล้องกลมกลืนกับข้อมูลเชิงประจักษ์ ปัจจัยทางความคิดและพฤติกรรมสามารถอธิบายความแปรปรวนในตัวแปรความวิตกกังวลในคณิตศาสตร์ในนักเรียนได้ร้อยละ 84.50 ส่วนที่ 2 เป็นการวิจัยกึ่งทดลองเพื่อทดสอบประสิทธิภาพของกลุ่มการปรึกษาเชิงจิตวิทยาแนวปัญญาพฤติกรรมนิยมในการลดความวิตกกังวลในคณิตศาสตร์และปัจจัยที่เกี่ยวข้องในวัยรุ่นตอนต้นที่มีความวิตกกังวลในคณิตศาสตร์ กลุ่มตัวอย่างเป็นนักเรียนระดับชั้นมัธยมศึกษาปีที่สามที่มีคะแนนความวิตกกังวลในคณิตศาสตร์สูงกว่าเปอร์เซ็นไทล์ที่ 73 ของกลุ่มตัวอย่างในการวิจัยส่วนที่ 1 จำนวน 48 คน แบ่งออกเป็นกลุ่มทดลอง 24 คน และกลุ่มควบคุม 24 คน โดยกลุ่มทดลองเข้าร่วมกลุ่มการปรึกษาเชิงจิตวิทยาแนวปัญญาพฤติกรรมนิยมจำนวน 6 ครั้ง ๆ ละ 2 ชั่วโมงต่อสัปดาห์ ผู้เข้าร่วมการวิจัยตอบมาตรวัดก่อนและหลังการทดลองในมาตรวัดความวิตกกังวลในคณิตศาสตร์ ความคิดความเชื่อทางลบที่เกี่ยวข้องกับคณิตศาสตร์ การประเมินทางลบที่เกี่ยวข้องกับคณิตศาสตร์ และพฤติกรรมหลีกเลี่ยงคณิตศาสตร์ ผลการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลโดยการวิเคราะห์ความแปรปรวนตัวแปรพหุนาม พบว่า ภายหลังการเข้ากลุ่มการปรึกษาเชิงจิตวิทยาแนวปัญญาพฤติกรรมนิยม กลุ่มทดลองมีคะแนนความวิตกกังวลในคณิตศาสตร์ และคะแนนของตัวแปรที่ศึกษาส่วนใหญ่ลดลงและแตกต่างจากกลุ่มควบคุมอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ
ผลของกลุ่มการปรึกษาเชิงจิตวิทยาแนวปัญญาพฤติกรรมนิยมต่อความสามารถในการฟื้นพลังและความสามารถในการกำกับอารมณ์ในวัยเด็กตอนกลาง
Authors:   , กิตติสุนทร ดวงพร
Published: September 2023

การวิจัยครั้งนี้ มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาผลของกลุ่มการปรึกษาเชิงจิตวิทยาแนวปัญญาพฤติกรรมนิยมต่อความสามารถในการฟื้นพลังและความสามารถในการกำกับอารมณ์ในเด็กในวัยเด็กตอนกลาง โดยมีลักษณะเป็นการวิจัยกึ่งทดลอง มีการเก็บข้อมูลก่อนและหลังการทดลอง โดยมีกลุ่มควบคุม กลุ่มตัวอย่างคือ เด็กอายุระหว่าง 10-12 ปี จำนวน 47 คน แบ่งเป็นกลุ่มควบคุม 24 คน และกลุ่มทดลอง 23 คน โดยกลุ่มทดลองนี้เข้ากลุ่มการปรึกษาเชิงจิตวิทยาแนวปัญญาพฤติกรรมนิยมต่อความสามารถในการฟื้นพลังและความสามารถในการกำกับอารมณ์กลุ่มละ 7-8 คน ดำเนินการกลุ่มรายสัปดาห์ 8 ครั้ง ครั้งละ 2 ชั่วโมง คิดเป็นการเข้ากลุ่มรวม 16 ชั่วโมง เครื่องมือที่ใช้ได้แก่ มาตรวัดความสามารถในการฟื้นพลัง และมาตรวัดความสามารถในการกำกับอารมณ์ ผู้วิจัยวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลด้วยสถิติวิเคราะห์ความแปรปรวนพหุนามสองทางแบบผสานวิธี (Two-way Mixed-design MANOVA) พบว่า 1. หลังการทดลอง กลุ่มทดลองมีคะแนนความสามารถในการฟื้นพลัง สูงกว่าก่อนการทดลองอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ 2. หลังการทดลอง กลุ่มทดลองมีคะแนนความสามารถในการกำกับอารมณ์ตนเอง สูงกว่าก่อนการทดลองอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ 3. หลังการทดลอง กลุ่มทดลองมีคะแนนความสามารถในการฟื้นพลัง สูงกว่ากลุ่มควบคุมอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ 4. หลังการทดลอง กลุ่มทดลองมีคะแนนความสามารถในการกำกับอารมณ์ตนเอง สูงกว่ากลุ่มควบคุมอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ
การหาภาวะที่เหมาะสมของการผลิตสารลดแรงตึงผิวชีวภาพจาก Candida mucifera NJP25
Authors:   , สมเรือง ธิดารัตน์
Published: September 2023

งานวิจัยนี้มีจุดประสงค์เพื่อเพิ่มผลผลิตสารลดแรงตึงผิวชีวภาพจาก Candida mucifera NJP25 โดยปรับปรุงสูตรและภาวะการเพาะเลี้ยงสำหรับการผลิตด้วยวิธีการศึกษาทีละปัจจัยและพื้นผิวตอบสนอง การศึกษาองค์ประกอบของอาหารและภาวะที่เหมาะสมในการผลิตสารลดแรงตึงผิวชีวภาพประกอบด้วย แหล่งคาร์บอน แหล่งไนโตรเจน อัตราส่วนระหว่างคาร์บอนและไนโตรเจน ค่าความเป็นกรด-ด่าง และอุณหภูมิ เมื่อศึกษาทีละปัจจัยที่ประกอบด้วยซูโครสความเข้มข้น 4 เปอร์เซ็นต์ (มวลต่อปริมาตร) อัตราส่วนระหว่างคาร์บอนและไนโตรเจน 20:1 ค่าความเป็น กรด-ด่าง เท่ากับ 6.5 บ่มที่อุณหภูมิ 30 องศาเซลเซียส ด้วยอัตราการเขย่า เท่ากับ 200 รอบต่อนาที เป็นระยะเวลา 9 วัน ผลิตสารลดค่าแรงตึงผิวของอาหารเลี้ยงเชื้อลดลงจาก 53.2 เหลือ 35.5 มิลลินิวตันต่อเมตร และกระจายน้ำมันได้ 0.62 ตารางเซนติเมตร และได้สารสกัดหยาบ 0.26 กรัมต่อลิตร ผลการออกแบบการทดลอง Box-Behnken พบว่าอาหารที่เหมาะสมประกอบด้วย ซูโครสความเข้มข้น 7 เปอร์เซ็นต์ (มวลต่อปริมาตร) อัตราส่วนระหว่างคาร์บอนและไนโตรเจน 15:1 ค่าความเป็นกรด-ด่าง เท่ากับ 6.5 และอุณหภูมิ 30 องศาเซลเซียส ซึ่งให้ผลผลิตสารลดแรงตึงผิวชีวภาพเพิ่มขึ้นเป็น 0.36 กรัมต่อลิตร จากการศึกษาลักษณะคุณสมบัติของสารลดแรงตึงผิวชีวภาพ พบว่า มีค่าความเข้มข้นวิกฤตของการเกิดไมเซลล์ เท่ากับ 27.48 มิลลิกรัมต่อมิลลิลิตร มีสมบัติการเป็นสารก่ออิมัลชันและสารกระจายน้ำมันที่ดีกับน้ำมันพืช สารลดแรงตึงผิวชีวภาพมีความเสถียรต่อภาวะต่าง ๆ ได้แก่ ความเข้มข้นเกลือ (1-10 เปอร์เซ็นต์) ค่าความเป็นกรด-ด่าง (2-10) และอุณหภูมิ (4-100 องศาเซลเซียส) เมื่อเตรียมสารลดแรงตึงผิวชีวภาพให้บริสุทธิ์บางส่วนด้วยเทคนิค preparative TLC และ HPLC ได้ลำดับส่วนที่ F2-1 และ F2-4 ที่มีค่าการกระจายน้ำมันสูงสุด เมื่อนำไปวิเคราะห์หามวลโมเลกุลของสารลดแรงตึงชีวภาพด้วยเทคนิค LC-MS พบว่าได้สารที่มีน้ำหนักโมเลกุลเท่ากับ 375 474 490 และ 507 ซึ่งเป็นสารที่มวลโมเลกุลแตกต่างจากโซโฟโรลิพิดที่ผลิตจากยีสต์ชนิดอื่น