bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Floral morphology of North American Eriocaulaceae and its taxonomic implications
Authors: Stützel Th. , Gansser N.
Published: August 2010

Due to the small size of the flower even basic information about the floral diagram in some genera of Eriocaulaceae is lacking. In this study it is shown, that the anthers of Lachnocaulon are not monothecate‐bisporangiate by lateral reduction as assumed in the past but bithecat‐bisporangiate by facial reduction. This is in contrast to the findings in Tonina and Philodice (STÜTZEL 1985), where occasional and irregular lateral reductions may occur. The dehiscence mechanism of the anthers of Lachnocaulon is very uncommon in opening the sporangia of both thecae with a single longitudinal slit. No rudiments of petals can be found in Lachnocaulon during the whole morphogenesis of male and female flowers.

Species of Syngonanthus without gynoecial nectaries do not have the stigmas in carinal position but in commissural position as it is typical for the genus. There is no argument to regard species of Syngonanthus without gynoecial glands as a link to Eriocaulon, which lacks also gynoecial nectaries but has the stigmas in carinal position.
Die Mikromorphologie epicuticularer Wachse bei den Caprifoliaceae
Authors: Theisen I. , Barthlott W.
Published: August 2010

The micromorphology of epicuticular waxes of all 13 genera of the Caprifoliaceae have been examined by scanning electron microscopy. The majority of waxy genera – representing almost all tribus – show wax platelets on their cuticles. In contrast to this wax tubules characterize only Symphoricarpos, and members of the tribus Caprifolieae. Symphoricarpos, which has hitherto an uncertain position in the Caprifoliaceae and often be considered as a member of the tribe Linnaeeae should now be incorporated into Caprifolieae. These necessary integration was already made by WEBERLING.
Die in Zentraleuropa verwilderten und kultivierten nordamerikanischen Astern
Authors: Hoffmann M. H.
Published: August 2010

Taxonomie und Nomenklatur der in Zentraleuropa verwilderten nordamerikanischen Aster‐Arten wurden untersucht. Merkmale der Involukralblätter und Scheibenblüten zeigten die größten Unterschiede. Für die verwilderten und wichtige kultivierte Arten wurde ein Bestimmungsschlüssel erarbeitet. Sofern sichergestellt, wurden die komplette Nomenklatur und eine Liste der Synonyme für die verwilderten Arten aufgeführt. Einige der durch Nees Von EséNbeck beschriebenen Taxa wurden anhand von Originalbelegen aus den Sammlungen des British Museum (Natural History) typisiert.
Psammophorous plants and other adaptations to desert ecosystems with high incidence of sandstorms
Authors: Jürgens N.
Published: August 2010

Sandstorms are an important climatic phenomenon of many deserts, causing major ecological problems for plant life. A number of features observed in desert plants allow survival under certain ecological constraints caused by wind‐blown sand and related phenomena.

In this context, a peculiar adaptation to desert conditions, the “psammophorous” plants, are of special interest. Hitherto under‐rated, many plant species possess specialized structures, enabling them to fix a protective layer of sand grains on parts of their surface. An analysis of the distribution, ecology, and structural peculiarities of psammophorous plants in the Namib and Karoo is presented.

It is proposed that strongly developed psammophory primarily has evolved as an adaptation to habitats which experience a high impact from wind blown sand, while the phenomenon in less well developed cases might be of relevance for the plant water budget, thermal energy balance, serve as protection against herbivores or have a mimetic function.
Fossile Hölzer der Familie Taxodiaceae aus tertiären Schichten des Versteinerten Waldes von Lesbos, Griechenland
Authors: Süss H. , Velitzelos E.
Published: August 2010

Aus dem Versteinerten Wald von Lesbos in Griechenland wird über das Vorkommen von oberoligozänen bis untermiozänen Taxodiaceae‐Hölzern berichtet. Außer den bereits bekannten ArtenTaxodioxylon gypsaceum, T. albertenseundT. pseudoalbertensewerden zwei neue Arten,Taxodioxylon megalonissumsp. nova undGlyptostroboxylon microtracheidalesp. nova, beschrieben.Taxodioxylon megalonissumgrenzt sich durch den gleichmäßigen Verlauf der radialen Tracheidendurchmesser innerhalb einer Zuwachsperiode und den plötzlichen Übergang vom Früh‐ zum Spätholz von allen bisher beschriebenen Taxodioxyla eindeutig ab.Glyptostroboxylon microtracheidalestimmt gut mit dem Holz der in Süd‐und Westchina weit verbreitet vorkommendenCunninghamia lanceolataüberein. Das Vorkommen vonTaxodioxylon albertenseundT. pseudoalbertensein Griechenland ist für das Tertiär von Europa erstmalig. Die bisherigen Erkenntnisse über fossile Hölzer mit einer Taxodiaceen‐Grundstruktur werden in einem der Arbeit vorangestellten Kapitel diskutiert.
Thesium diffusum – eine für die Ukraine und Rußland alte neue Art
Authors: Hendrych R.
Published: August 2010

Thesium diffusum ANDRZEJOWSKI ex A. DC. in DC. (1857) ist fast vergessen, nur BORDZILOVSKIJ (1913) bezeichnet es als eine Art, identisch mit dem oreo‐euxinen Th. procumbens C. A. MEYER (1831). Unter diesem Namen ist es bis zur Gegenwart aus der Mittelukraine und dem südwestlichen Randgebiet Rußlands bekannt. Die Bezeichnung der dortigen Pflanzen als Th. diffusum als selbständige und für dieses Gebiet endemische Art ist berechtigter.
Notulae ad Floram Germanicam II. Typifications of Linnean names of Scrophulariaceae occurring in Germany
Authors: Fischer E.
Published: August 2010

Lectotypification of the following Linnean names of Scrophulariaceae occurring in Germany is presented: Antirrhinum alpinum, A. bellidifolium, A. repens, A. orontium, Bartsia viscosa, Digitalis lutea, Euphrasia lutea, Melampyrum arvense, M. cristatum, M. nemorosum, M. sylvaticum, Pedicularis foliosa, P. palustris, P. recutita, P. sceptrum‐carolinum, P. verticillata, Scrophularia auriculata, S. canina, S. vernalis, Verbascum lychnitis, V. phlomoides, V. sinuatum, Veronica agrestis, V. alpina, V. anagallis‐aquatica, V. aphylla, V. austriaca, V. beccabunga, V. bellidioides, V. chamaedrys, V. fruticulosa, V. hederifolia, V. longifolia, V. maritima, V. montana, V. paniculata, V. peregrina, V. prostrata, V. scutellata, V. spicata, V. teucrium, V. triphyllos and V. verna.

Also Scrophularia neesii P. WIRTGEN is typified. The new combination Euphrasia officinalis LINNAEUS subsp. kerneri (WETTSTEIN) E.FISCHER is made.
Notes on corticolous, K+ yellow species of Lecanora in India
Authors: Upreti D. K.
Published: August 2010

A treatment of 22 corticolous, K+ yellow taxa of Lecanora in India is presented, of which nineteen species belong to Lecanora subfusca group and three to Lecanora pallida group. Eleven species are new records from India.
The communities of cl. Querco‐Fagetea BR.‐BL. & VLIEGER in VLIEGER 1937 of the Lower Volga Valley
Authors: Golub V. B. , Kuzmina E. G.
Published: August 2010

The present paper is a continuation of a set of investigations aimed at description of the Lower Volga valley vegetation (GOLUB & MIRKIN 1986; GOLUB ČORBADZE 1989; GOLUB et al. 1991; GOLUB 1994; GOLUB & TCHORBADZE 1995; GOLUB & KUZMINA 1996). The communities preliminary related to the cl. Querco‐Fagetea BR.‐BL. & VLIEGER in VLIEGER 1937 are considered in the article. In the Lower Volga Valley they occur in natural state only in the Volga‐Akhtuba floodplain and are absent in the Volga delta. The new alliance – Poo‐Ulmion – and the two new associations – Poo angustifolia‐Quercetum roburi and Poo angustifoliae‐Ulmetum – as well as the one unranked community (Prunus spinosa) is distinguished.
Notes on some crustose lichens from Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica
Authors: Upreti D. K.
Published: August 2010

The paper enumerates the occurrence of seven crustose species of lichens from Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica.
Carpological diversity of African Peucedanum s.l. (Umbelliferae) I. The species of southern Africa
Authors: Ostroumova T. A. , Pimenov M. G.
Published: August 2010

The anatomical structure of the fruits of 48 African species of Peucedanum s.l. and related genera Lefebvrea, Physotrichia and Steganotaenia has been studied. The fruits have been described for 23 diagnostic characters. Carpo‐anatomical structure in the species investigated has appeared to be rather variable in spite of being comparatively similar in outer mericarp morphology. The peculiarities in secretory system, structure of marginal winged ribs, as well as thickness and histological structure of pericarp are the most valuable diagnostic features. Eleven carpological groups have been separated; six of them, containing the species distributed exclusively or mainly in southern Africa, are described in the present paper. Only a small group of six species is similar to the type of Eurasian sect. Peucedanum, however these African species differ from typical species of Peucedanum in vegetative morphology and in inflorescence characters. The results obtained show the necessity of taxonomic revision in African species of Peucedanum.
Pyrus elaeagrifoliaund ihre Hybriden
Authors: Dostálek J.
Published: August 2010

Die Hybridisation vonPyrus elaeagrifoliamit anderen Arten trug erheblich zur Erhöhung der Mannigfaltigkeit der europäischen und anatolischen Birnen bei. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, zur Kenntnis der Dynamik dieses Hybridisationsprozesses einen Beitrag zu leisten.

P. elaeagrifoliaenthält drei Subspezies, und zwar subsp.elaeagrifolia, subsp.bulgarica, und subsp.kotschyana.Letztere hat ein wahrscheinlich durch introgressive Hybridisation beeinflußtes Genom.

Aufgeklärt wurde der Ursprung vonP.×nivalis.Mit ihren zwei Nothosubspezies ist sie die markanteste Hybride, bei deren Verbreitung sich auch deutlich anthropogene Einflüsse bemerkbar machen.

Aufgeführt werden weitere Hybriden:P.×babadagensismit zwei Nothosubspezies, fernerP.×bardoënsisund als Polyhybriden:P.×dasyphylla, P.×michauxiiundP.×anatolica.Das Vorkommen der letztgenannten Hybride ist sehr begrenzt und selten.
Indian species of Porphyra (Rhodophyceae, Bangiales)
Authors: Kumar C. Anil , Panikkar M. V. N.
Published: August 2010

Seven species of Porphyra C.A. AGARDH (P. chauhanii ANIL KUMAR & PANIKKAR, P. crispata KJELLMAN, P. indica KRISHNAMURTHY & BALUSWAMI, P. kanyakumariensis KRISHNAMURTHY & BALUSWAMI, P. okhaensis JOSHI et al., P. suborbiculata KJELLMAN and P. vietnamensis TANAKA & HO) are described from India.
A contribution to the hydrophilous flora of Peloponnisos (Greece)
Authors: Koumpli‐Sovantzi L. , Vallianatou I. , Yannitsaros A.
Published: August 2010

An annotated list is presented of a total of 87 taxa of macrophytes (two bryophytes, one pteridophyte, 84 spermatophytes) found in and around 11 aquatic ecosystems of Peloponnisos (Greece), 10 of which have been investigated for the first time. Riccia fluitans, Utricularia australis, Potamogeton gramineus and P. pusillus are rare species in Greece. Ranunculus peltatus subsp. baudotii and R. peltatus subsp. fucoides are given as new to the Greek mainland. Ranunculus rionii, Utricularia australis, Potamogeton berchtoldii, P. nodosus and P. trichoides are recorded for the first time from Peloponnisos.
Paläokarpologische Beiträge zur jungtertiären Flora von Vegora (Nordgriechenland)
Authors: Mai D. H. , Velitzelos E.
Published: August 2010

Für das limnische Obermiozän des Braunkohlenbeckens von Vegora bei Florina (Nordgriechenland) wird ein zusammenfassender Überblick über die karpologischen Fossilfunde (14 Arten und acht Familien, nur Holzgewächse) gegeben. Die vegetationsgeschichtliche Bedeutung der Neufunde vonCupressus rhenana, Castaneaex gr.sativaundQuercus cerrisicarpafür ein verstärktes Auftreten von submediterranen Elementen wird hervorgehoben.
Carpological diversity in African Peucedanum s.l. (Umbelliferae) II. The species of Tropical Africa
Authors: Ostroumova T. A. , Pimenov M. G.
Published: August 2010

The fruit anatomical structure of 27 species of Peucedanum, Lefebvrea, and Physotrichia, distributed in Tropical Africa, has been described on the basis of 23 carpoanatomical characters. By carpological affinity five groups have been distinguished. The considerable diversity in fruit structure within Peucedanum s. ampl. has been revealed, but only a little correlation between our carpological groups and the sections established by ENGLER (1921) and NORMAN (1934) has been observed. The taxonomic revision of African Peucedanum species and related taxa is clearly needed.
Preliminary checklist of macrofungi of Vietnam
Authors: Kiet Trinh Tam
Published: August 2010

According to the data published from the author's studies since 1963 up today, and of others since 1890, there are actually 829 species of macrofungi known from Vietnam. 519 species are new for this territory. The preliminary check‐list presented here has been compiled according to the modern system in the natural position of fungi and their relational organisms. In every family the genera and the species have been arranged alphabetically. The main information of species would be also given.
Studies inSolanumand related genera (6. New infrageneric taxa for the genusSolanumL. (Solanaceae)
Authors: Child A.
Published: August 2010

The majority of the species of the genusSolanumL. can already be placed into infrageneric taxa (sections, subsections or unranked species groups) thanks to previous authors: DUNAL (1852); BITTER (1911–1923); SEITHE (1962); D'ARCY (1972, 1976); SYMON (1981); WHALEN (1984); CHILD (1983–1990); CARVALHO & SHEPHERD (1991) and others. It is still necessary, however, to find suitable infrageneric taxa to accommodate many other species already known and described.

Four new sections are here diagnosed and described: for SubgenusSolanum: SectionDiamonon; for SubgenusPotatoe: SectionsCalifornisolanumandTaeniotrichumand for SubgenusBrevantherum: SectionStellatigeminatum.

In addition two unranked taxa of the SubgenusLeptostemonum(theS. oocarpumandS. schulzianumspecies groups) are appended.

Nine new taxa are recognized at subsectional or sectional rank, replacing existing groups previously without formal ranking or else of revised status: in SubgenusSolanum: SubsectionsCampanulisolanum(BITTER) CHILD andNitidum(KNAPP) CHILD; in SubgenusBrevantherum: SubsectionCliocarpus(MIERS) CHILD and in SubgenusLeptostemonum: SubsectionMultispinum(WHALEN) CHILD and SectionsGiganteiformia(BITTER) CHILD;Polygamum(G. DON) CHILD;Erythrotrichum(WHALEN) CHILD;Polytrichum(WHALEN) CHILD andCrinitum(WHALEN) CHILD.

The Type species and those other species which seem to fit the relevant taxon are named.
New combinations and synonyms in Achillea sect. Santolinoideae (Compositae – Anthemideae) from North Africa and Turkey
Authors: Valant‐Vetschera K. M. , Kästner A.
Published: August 2010

On the basis of morphological and geographical features, A. wilhelmsii C. KOCH subsp. santolinoides (LAG.) VETSCHEREA & KÄSTNER subsp. wilhelmsii C. KOCH is proposed to be included as a subspecies of A. wilhelmsii C. KOCH comb, et stat. nov. Achillea boissieri HAUSSKN. ex BOISS., being known only from the type specimen, was found be to morphologically identical to A. teretifolia WILLD. and is thus regarded as a new synonym of this species. Growth forms, morphological characters and the geographic distribution are presented in detail; ecological features are briefly addressed.
Notes on the genus Aconitum L. (Ranunculaceae) in North‐West Himalaya (India)
Authors: Chaudhary L. B. , Rao R. R.
Published: August 2010

Aconitum (Ranunculaceae) in North‐West Himalaya is represented by ten species and two varieties. Although most species of Aconitum exhibit remarkable morphological variations, no infraspecifc taxa have been recognized (except under A. heterophyllum) as these variation are observed to be continuous. A. heterophyllum and A. violaceum are shown to be morphologically highly diverse.

Genetic diversity in this group is least studied. The taxonomic treatment of the genus includes a key to all species, correct nomenclature, distribution and usefull taxonomic notes, where possible. In the present study A. ovatum and A. cordatum have been shifted back under A. heterophyllum. A. kashmiricum is also treated here as a morphological variant of A. heterophyllum. A. balfourii var. rhombilobum, A. falconri var. latilobum, A. heterophyllum subsp. parciflorum, A. laeve var. curvipilosum, A. violaceum var. robustum and A. violaceum var. weilerii have been reduced as synonyms under their typical varieties. A. falconeri has been reported for the first time from Kumaon Himalaya. A. heterophyllum var. roylei var. nova is described here as a new variety. Lectotypification has also been done for a few species.

Discussing the current status of the species, it is said that owing to the medicinal virtues, most species of the genus have become critically endangered in their type localities. Both – in situ and ex situ – efforts are recommended to conserve the genetic diversity in these species.
De Liliifloris Notulae 6. De decuria prima specierum novarum generis Androcymbium sect. Androcymbium (Colchicaceae) in Africa Australi s.l. Praeterea novitates de huius sectionis nonnullarum specierum distributione (praesertim aucta speciminibus STEllenbosensibus i.a. collectis a botanico vero E. G. H. OLIVERO)
Authors: Müller‐Doblies D.
Published: August 2010

Auf der Grundlage der Blattfolge und der Blütenökologie wird eine Untergliederung von Androcymbium sect. Androcymbium mit bisher 24 Arten in zwei Subsektionen vorgeschlagen:

1° subsect. Gradatocymbium mit zwei Serien (mit zusammen bisher acht Arten) und 2° subsect. Androcymbium mit sechs Serien (mit entsprechend 16 Arten).

In der 1. Subsektion werden fünf neue Arten mit Diagnosen und zumindest zwei Abbildungen von charakteristischen Details aufgestellt; die fünf neuen Arten der 2. Subsektion werden in der Fortsetzung dieser Serie zusammen mit weiteren neuen Arten abgebildet. Acht der vorliegenden neuen Arten wurden wild gesammelt, zwei sind nur von Herbarbelegen bekannt.

Die schwierigste und erfolgreichste taxonomische Analyse betraf den A. melanthioides‐Komplex, der hier als Serie Androcymbium aufgestellt wurde. In der neuesten südafrikanischen Artenliste von 1993 wurde dieser Komplex als eine einzige Art, A. melanthioides WILLD. unter Einschluß von A. striatum A. RICH. 1851 (das schon von BAKER 1879 zur Varietat abgewertet worden war), bewertet. In der vorliegenden Arbeit hingegen wird A. striatum als eigene Art durch einige geringfügige aber konstante Merkmale bestätigt, und A. orienticapense wird als dritte Art von A. ser. Androcyrnbium vorgeschlagen. Die älteste (Generitypus) und sehr weit verbreitete Art der Serie, A. melanthioides, besteht aus drei morphologisch und geographisch getrennten Unterarten, von denen die beiden wichtigeren auch durch unterschiedliche Blütezeiten getrennt sind.

Eine zweite taxonomische Überraschung bildeten die Androcymbien der Kaphalbinsel. Beide Arten, A. capense (L.) K. KRAUSE und A. eucomoides (JACQ.) WILLD., sollen im Süden häufig bzw. an der Westküste stellenweise gemein sein (LEIGHTON 1950). Mit Ausnahme einiger alter Herbarbelege von A. capense aus Kapstadt, Milnerton und den Cape Flats gibt es keinen Beweis für das Vorkommen beider Arten auf der Kaphalbinsel. In Wirklichkeit gehören Beschreibungen und Belege der beiden bisher angegebenen Arten zu zwei noch unbeschriebenen Arten, A. austrocapense and A. eghimocymbion.

Schließlich werden drei Synonyme der neuesten südafrikanischen Artenliste (REID 1993) wieder als Arten anerkannt, und die gleiche Anzahl von Arten (die alle von KRAUSE 1921 aufgestellt worden waren) wird in die Synonymie verwiesen (Namen mit Autoren im Summary; Listen aller neuen Arten, Namen und Synonyme am Ende der Arbeit).
Blue‐green algal flora on the rock surface of temples and monuments of India
Authors: Tripathy P. , Roy A. , Anand N. , Adhikary S. P.
Published: August 2010

Blue‐green algae occcurring as blackish brown crust/tuft on the exposed rock surface of 30 different temples and monuments of different regions of India were studied. A total number of 30 species attributed to 13 different genera were encountered. Seven species of Tolypothrix, and one each of Gloeocapsopsis, Lyngbya, Phormidium and Plectonema are the major componentes of the crusts/tufts. There were also species belonging to Gloeothece, Myxosarcina, Chroococcidiopsis, Plectonema, Nostoc, Calothrix, Chlorogloeopsis, Fischerella and Hapalosiphon which appeared in the enrichment culture as minor component along with the dominant species. All the species are described with illustrations.
Life strategies in a semi‐arid grassland community — mechanisms of dispersal and reproduction within Lapiedro martinezii‐Stipetum tenacissimae (Southeastern Spain)
Authors: Hensen I.
Published: August 2010

The present study describes mechanisms of dispersal and reproduction within the semi‐arid grassland community Lapiedro martinezii‐Stipetum tenacissimae. The life strategy analysis based on sociological relevés was carried out in Tabernas Desert (Province Almería, Southeastern Spain). The biological significance of the occurring life strategies is represented by the mean group quantity fraction (GM).

There are five different life strategies established. The dominant life strategy subdivision is that of Perennial stayers with long‐ and short‐range dispersal, with sexual and clonal reproduction. Clearly less important are Perennial stayers with short‐range dispersal, with sexual reproduction, Fugitives with long‐ and short‐range dispersal, with sexual reproduction, and Annual shuttle species. One of the most important characteristics of the community is a polychorous dispersal capacity. The diaspores of several species are equally adapted to meteoranemochory and to epizoochory. Synaptospermy, aestatiphory, trypanocarpy, and myxospermy are significant mechanisms evolved to prevent secondary dispersal or predation of seed‐harvesting ants. The dominant character species Stipa tenacissima is additionally characterized by clonal reproduction.
Floral microcharacters and taxonomy of the tribe Vernonieae: Asteraceae (excludingVernoniaSCHREB.) in West Africa
Authors: Isawumi M. A.
Published: August 2010

The tribe Vernonieae in West Africa is treated with about 14 species aligned in 12 genera excluding the genusVernonia.The genera such asKinghamiaC.JEFFREY,BothrioclineOLIV. ex BENTH. andPseudelephantopusC.F.BAK. are new records for West Africa. In this work, microcharacters are extensively employed in the generic and specific circumscription and in the keying out of the genera and species.
A new species of Colocasia (Araceae) from Mts. Gaoligong, China
Authors: Li H. , Long C.‐L.
Published: August 2010

A new species of the genus Colocasia — C. gaoligongensis H.LI & C.‐L.LONG — from China, Yunnan, Tengchong County is described.
Eine neue Unterart des Bromus secalinus (Gramineae) — ein Sekundäres Unkraut
Authors: Bomble W. , Scholz H.
Published: August 2010

Herbarstudien und Feldbeobachtungen führten zu der Anerkennung der segetal‐ruderalen Sippe Bromus secalinus subsp. decipiens subsp. nova. Formuliert und erörtert wird die Hypothese ihrer Herkunft als Sekundäres Unkraut durch Rückschlag von Kulturpflanzeneigenschaften des B. secalinus subsp. secalinus. Subsp. decipiens ähnelt morphologisch in vieler Hinsicht B. commutatus. weniger B. racemosus, so daß ständig Verwechslungen vorkommen und große Unsicherheiten in der Artansprache bestehen. Um zukünftig Fehlbestimmungen vorzubeugen, wird ein Bestimmungsschlüssel für die vier Taxa vorgelegt und ein Neotypus des B. commutatus bezeichnet.
Lichens in the North‐East regions of Cyprus
Authors: Güvenç S. , Öztürk Ş
Published: August 2010

In this study, the samples collected from 58 localities in the North‐East regions of Cyprus are described. 126 taxas belonging to 49 genera (119 species, 7 varieties) have been determined. 32 lichen taxa are new records from the island of Cyprus.
Verzweigung bei Schachtelhalmen
Authors: Stützel Th. , Jaedicke A.
Published: August 2010

Es wurde gezeigt, dass die Annahme einer exogenen Entstehung seitlicher Verzweigungen bei Schachtelhalmen unzureichend gestützt ist. Die bei dieser Interpretation angenommene postgenitale Verwachsung wurde von den Autoren nicht schlüssig nachgewiesen und konnte von uns nicht gefunden werden. Es spricht daher alles dafür, dass die Schachtelhalme sich durchgehend endogen verzweigen, wie das zuerst von HOFMEISTER (1851) behauptet wurde. Der Hohlraum um die junge Seitensprossanlage hat erst nach dem Durchbrechen der jungen Seitensprosse Kontakt zum Außenmedium und entsteht schizogen. Die Schachtelhalme haben damit in morphologischer Hinsicht wieder die von HOFMEISTER angenommene Sonderstellung, die sie aus den übrigen Pteridophyten heraushebt und evolutiven Zusammenhängen schwer zugänglich macht.
Kommentierte Übersicht über die Pflanzengesellschaften und ihre höheren Syntaxa in der Mongolei
Authors: Hilbig W.
Published: August 2010

Die Arbeit fasst die bisherigen Kenntnisse über die Vegetation der Mongolei kritisch zusammen und bringt sie in ein pflanzensoziologisches System, das die Vegetationseinheiten von den Klassen bis zu den Assoziationen und Gesellschaften umfasst und auch, wenn es erforderlich erscheint, Subassoziationen und andere Untereinheiten von Assoziationen und Gesellschaften erwähnt.

Ergänzungen und Untergliederungen sind in allen syntaxonomischen Ebenen weiter zu erwarten. Ein Grundgerüst mit nicht zu enger Assoziationsfassung wird vorgelegt.
Floral morphology and development in Dioscoreales
Authors: Caddick L. R. , Rudall P. J. , Wilkin P.
Published: August 2010

Recent phylogenetic analyses of monocotyledons have indicated that the largely heteromycotrophic families Burmanniaceae and Thismiaceae belong in Dioscoreales, with Dioscoreaceae, Taccaceae and three other hermaphrodite genera Stenomeris, Avetra and Trichopus. Historically this relationship was supported by floral morphological characters, but over the past century these characters have largely been disregarded. In light of the results of recent phylogenetic analyses, the development of floral characters in this group is re‐examined by comparative studies of SEM specimens from juvenile to mature stages. Similar structures, such as reflexed stamens with a prolonged connective, umbrella‐like stigmas and an urceolate floral chamber occur commonly within this group, and may provide phylogenetically informative characters. Ontogenetic data are critical in identifying possible homologies between floral structures, which may also be closely associated with pollination syndromes.
Eine neue Unterart des Hieracium sparsum (Asteraceae) aus Italien
Authors: Szeląg Z.
Published: August 2010

A new subspecies of Hieracium sparsum (Asteraceae) from Italy.

Hieracium sparsum Friv. subsp. paulii Szeląg sp. nova from Italy is described as new to sciences. The new subspecies is illustrated by photographs of its holotype and compared with related taxa. It is the first record of H. sparsum for Italy.
Dynamic shoot morphology in root‐climbing Araceae:Philodendron rudgeanumSchott andPh. fragrantissimum(Hook.) G.Don
Authors: Andrade J. M. , Mayo S. J.
Published: August 2010

Shoot organization, branching patterns and growth cycle were studied in natural populations of two herbaceous, root‐climbing lianas,Philodendron rudgeanumandPh. fragrantissimum, occurring in remnant areas of moist tropical forest in the Brazilian States of Pernambuco and Alagoas. The shoot architecture of both species is based on a repeating pattern of primary modules, each involving the successive transformation of flagelliform shoots into stolons and then root‐climbers. Significant differences in the detailed modular construction of the two species were also observed. A comparision of the two species is made withMonstera adansoniivar.klotzschiana, growing in the same habitat.
A scanning electron microscope study of the genus Calyptrochilum Kraenzl. (Orchidaceae) in West Africa
Authors: Jayeola A. A. , Thorpe J. R.
Published: August 2010

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) study of leaf patterns in Calyptrochilum Kraenzl. was carried out in search of constant taxonomic characters. Calyptrochilum chrystyanum (Rchb.) Summerh. is characterized by a network of horizontal grooves, dome shaped micropapillae and a mass of soft wax, while C. emarginatum (Sw.) Schltr. is distinguished by the presence of densely overlapping conical and globular types of micropapillae. Sculpturing features in the genus are characteristic and therefore of utility in identifying even sterile specimens and fragments. An attempt is made to relate the observed surface patterns to distribution, ecology and habitat tolerance.
Die ersten Listen und Aufsammlungen von Pflanzen aus Alaska – Georg Wilhelm Stellers botanische Arbeiten in Amerika
Authors: Jäger E. J.
Published: August 2010

The first plant lists and collections from Alaska – Georg Wilhelm Steller's botanical work in America.

Georg Wilhelm Steller was the first botanist in Alaska. As a member of the 2nd Kamchatka Expedition under Vitus Bering, he botanized for six hours on July 20, 1741 (resp. on July 31 after the modern calendar), on the western shore of Kayak Island and some hours on August 30–31 (resp. September 10–11), 1741, on Nagai Island, Alaska.

The result of these short excursions were 3 manuscripts: the „Catalogus plantarum intra sex horas…”︁, the „Mantissa plantarum minus aut plane incognitarum”︁, and the „Catalogus seminum anno 1741 in America septemtrionali…”︁. (Steller's „Cat(alogus) Plant(arum) Amer(icae)”︁ which Gmelin had at hand when writing his „Flora sibirica”︁ is hitherto unknown.).

While the first of these manuscripts was already published by Stejneger (1936) and analyzed by Thilenius (1992), the second and third are first published, translated and analysed here. (Copies of the manuscripts were kindly made available by Dr. W. Hintzsche and the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences.) Furthermore, a first translation and new interpretation is presented also for the „Catalogus plantarum”︁. By comparison with the two other manuscripts, modern literature and with the help of the old botanical literature that Steller used on his journey, most of Steller's plant names could be translated into modern botanical nomenclature. A recent plant collection from Kayak by U. Wannhoff, which is also published here, was extremely helpful.

Whereas Thilenius concludes that less then 10 percent of Steller's 143 names in the „Catalogus plantarum”︁ are correct, the new analysis reveals that most of the names refer precisely to plants that grow
Ergänzungen zur Oberkreide‐Flora von Quedlinburg (Deutschland) und einiger weiterer Kreide‐Fundstätten (geographische Beziehungen)
Authors: Rüffle L. , Trostheide F.
Published: August 2010

Die Santon‐Flora der Altenburg bei Quedlinburg enthält außer Gymnospermen auch zahlreiche Angiospermen‐Blätter, besonders von Platanaceae und Monimiaceae. Die Farne der Lokalität, ebenso wie die Gymnospermen, stammen teilweise bereits aus dem Jura.

Die Angiospermen‐Arten gehen teilweise in das Alttertiär (Paläozän, Eozän) über. Einige von ihnen sind Relikte bis in die Gegenwart auf verschiedenen Kontinenten. Die beschriebenen Arten sind mehr oder weniger identisch mit denen der amerikanischen Oberkreide. In dem hier vorliegenden Material fanden sich keine Epidermisreste.
Colocasia gongii (Araceae), a new species from Yunnan, China
Authors: Long C. I. , Li H.
Published: August 2010

A new species of the genus Colocasia (Araceae) – C. gongii C.L.Long & H.Li – from China, Yunnan, Yingijiang County – is described and illustrated.
Three new species of Philodendron (Araceae) from the Ducke Forest Reserve, central Amazonas, Brazil
Authors: Soares M. L. , Mayo S. J.
Published: August 2010

Three new species of Philodendron from the Reserva Florestal Ducke near Manaus, Brazil are described and illustrated: Philodendron toshibai, Ph. hopkinsianum and Ph. tortum.
LTQ‐iQuant: A freely available software pipeline for automated and accurate protein quantification of isobaric tagged peptide data from LTQ instruments
Authors: Onsongo Getiria , Stone Matthew D. , Van Riper Susan K. , Chilton John , Wu Baolin , Higgins LeeAnn , Lund Troy C. , Carlis John V. , Griffin Timothy J.
Published: August 2010

Pulsed Q dissociation enables combining LTQ ion trap instruments with isobaric peptide tagging. Unfortunately, this combination lacks a technique which accurately reports protein abundance ratios and is implemented in a freely available, flexible software pipeline. We developed and implemented a technique assigning collective reporter ion intensity‐based weights to each peptide abundance ratio and calculating a protein's weighted average abundance ratio and p‐value. Using an iTRAQ‐labeled standard mixture, we compared our technique's performance to the commercial software MASCOT, finding that it performed better than MASCOT's nonweighted averaging and median peptide ratio techniques, and equal to its weighted averaging technique. We also compared performance of the LTQ‐Orbitrap plus our technique to 4800 MALDI TOF/TOF plus Protein Pilot, by analyzing an iTRAQ‐labeled stem cell lysate. We found highly correlated protein abundance ratios, indicating that the LTQ‐Orbitrap plus our technique yields results comparable to the current standard. We implemented our technique in a freely available, automated software pipeline, called LTQ‐iQuant, which is mzXML‐compatible; supports iTRAQ 4‐plex and 8‐plex LTQ data; and can be modified for and have weights trained to a user's LTQ and other isobaric peptide tagging methods. LTQ‐iQuant should make LTQ instruments and isobaric peptide tagging accessible to more proteomic researchers.
Data‐directed top‐down Fourier‐transform mass spectrometry of a large integral membrane protein complex: Photosystem II from Galdieria sulphuraria
Authors: Thangaraj Balakumar , Ryan Christopher M. , Souda Puneet , Krause Kirsten , Faull Kym F. , Weber Andreas P. M. , Fromme Petra , Whitelegge Julian P.
Published: August 2010

High‐resolution top‐down MS was used to characterize eleven integral and five peripheral subunits of the 750 kDa photosystem II complex from the eukaryotic red alga, Galdieria sulphuraria. The primary separation used LC MS with concomitant fraction collection (LC‐MS+), yielding around 40 intact mass tags at 100 ppm mass accuracy on a low‐resolution ESI mass spectrometer, whose retention and mass were used to guide subsequent high‐resolution top‐down nano‐electrospray FT ion‐cyclotron resonance MS experiments (FT‐MS). Both collisionally activated and electron capture dissociation were used to confirm the presence of eleven small subunits to mass accuracy within 5 ppm; PsbE, PsbF, PsbH, PsbI, PsbJ, PsbK, PsbL, PsbM, PsbT, PsbX and PsbZ. All subunits showed covalent modifications that fall into three classes including retention of initiating formyl‐methionine, removal of methionine at the N‐terminus with or without acetylation, and removal of a longer N‐terminal peptide. Peripheral subunits identified by top‐down analysis included oxygen‐evolving complex subunits PsbO, PsbU, PsbV, as well as Psb28 (PsbW) and Psb27 (“PsbZ‐like”). Top‐down high‐resolution MS provides the necessary precision, typically less than 5 ppm, for identification and characterization of polypeptide composition of these important membrane protein complexes.
A novel role of CCN3 in regulating endothelial inflammation
Authors: Lin Zhiyong , Natesan Viswanath , Shi Hong , Hamik Anne , Kawanami Daiji , Hao Caili , Mahabaleshwar Ganapati H. , Wang Weiye , Jin Zheng‐Gen , Atkins G. Brandon , Firth Sue M. , Rittié Laure , Perbal Bernard , Jain Mukesh K.
Published: August 2010

The vascular endothelium plays a fundamental role in the health and disease of the cardiovascular system. The molecular mechanisms regulating endothelial homeostasis, however, remain incompletely understood. CCN3, a member of the CCN (Cyr61, Ctgf, Nov) family of cell growth and differentiation regulators, has been shown to play an important role in numerous cell types. The function of CCN3 in endothelial cells has yet to be elucidated. Immunohistochemical analysis of CCN3 expression in mouse tissues revealed robust immunoreactivity in the endothelium of large arteries, small resistance vessels, and veins. We found that CCN3 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) is transcriptionally induced by laminar shear stress (LSS) and HMG CoA‐reductase inhibitors (statins). Promoter analyses identified the transcription factor Kruppel‐like factor 2 (KLF2) as a direct regulator of CCN3 expression. In contrast to LSS, proinflammatory cytokines reduced CCN3 expression. Adenoviral overexpression of CCN3 in HUVEC markedly inhibited the cytokine‐mediated induction of vascular adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1). Consistent with this observation, CCN3 significantly reduced monocyte adhesion. Conversely, CCN3 knockdown in HUVECs resulted in enhancement of cytokine‐induced VCAM‐1 expression. Concordant effects were observed on monocyte adhesion. Gain and loss‐of‐function mechanistic studies demonstrated that CCN3 negatively regulates nuclear factor kappaB (NF‐κB) activity by reducing its translocation into the nucleus and subsequent binding to the VCAM‐1 promoter, suggesting that CCN3’s anti‐inflammatory effects occur secondary to inhibition of NF‐κB nuclear accumulation. This study identifies CCN3 as a novel regulator of endothelial proinflammatory activation.
Ovulation Induction in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Vause Tannys D.R. , Cheung Anthony P. , Sierra Sony , Claman Paul , Graham James , Guillemin Jo‐Anne , Lapensée Louise , Steward Sabrina , Vause Tannys D.R. , Wong Benjamin Chee‐Man
Published: August 2010

Objective

To review current non‐pharmacologic and pharmacologic options for ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Options

This guideline reviews the evidence for the various options for ovulation induction in PCOS.

Outcomes

Ovulation, pregnancy and live birth rates, risks, and side effects are the outcomes of interest.

Evidence

Published literature was retrieved through searches of Medline using appropriate controlled vocabulary and key words. Results were restricted to systematic reviews, randomized control trials/controlled clinical trials, and observational studies. Grey (unpublished) literature was identified through searching the websites of health technology assessment and of health technology assessment‐related agencies, clinical practice guideline collections, clinical trial registries, and national and international medical specialty societies.

Values

The evidence gathered was reviewed and evaluated by the Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Committee of the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada. The quality of evidence was quantified using the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care.

Benefits, Harms, and Costs

Benefits include weight reduction and improvements in ovulation, pregnancy, and live birth rates. Potential harms include medication side effects and multiple pregnancies.

Validation

These guidelines have been reviewed and approved by the Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Committee of the SOGC.

Sponsor

The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada.
The Conditional Impact of Incumbency on Government Formation
Authors: MARTIN LANNY W. , STEVENSON RANDOLPH T.
Published: August 2010

Previous research on coalition politics has found an “incumbency advantage” in government formation, but it has provided no clear explanation as to why this advantage exists. We classify existing theories as either preference-based or institutions-based explanations for why incumbent coalitions might be likely to form again, and we integrate these explanations into a coherent theoretical argument. We also claim that it is possible, to some extent, to distinguish these explanations empirically by taking into account the “historical context” of coalition bargaining. Using a comprehensive new data set on coalition bargaining in Europe, we show that coalitions, in general, are more likely to form if the parties comprising them have worked together in the recent past, and that incumbent coalitions are more likely to re-form if partners have not experienced a severe public conflict while in office together or suffered a recent setback at the polls. The incumbency advantage disappears completely if partners have become mired in conflict or have lost legislative seats (even after accounting for the impact of seat share on coalition size). Moreover, in certain circumstances, institutional rules that grant incumbents an advantage in coalition bargaining greatly enhance their ability to remain in office.
Tolerance and safety of the potentially probiotic strainLactobacillus rhamnosusPRSF-L477: a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial in healthy volunteers
Authors: Wind Richèle D. , Tolboom Hermien , Klare Ingo , Huys Geert , Knol Jan
Published: August 2010

In Europe, the speciesLactobacillus rhamnosusis currently on the Qualified Presumption of Safety list used by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) for internal safety assessment, but according to the EFSA the species should remain a topic of surveillance. In the present study, the safety and tolerance of the potentially probiotic strainL. rhamnosusPRSF-L477 was investigated in a placebo-controlled double-blind volunteer trial following FAO/WHO guidelines. A total of thirty-four subjects received daily doses of 1 × 1011colony-forming units (cfu) ofL. rhamnosusPRSF-L477 (n17) or placebo (n17) for a period of 3 weeks, followed by a wash-out period of another 3 weeks. A questionnaire on gastrointestinal tolerance and a diary was kept daily to record compliance throughout these 6 weeks. Faecal and blood samples were collected for microbiological and haematological analysis. The recorded gastrointestinal symptoms, defecation frequency and stool consistency were not influenced indicating thatL. rhamnosusPRSF-L477 was well tolerated. The speciesL. rhamnosuswas detected in the faeces of sixteen out of seventeen subjects of the probiotic group during the intervention period. Using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, re-isolates ofL. rhamnosusPRSF-L477 were confirmed in nine of these subjects. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of these re-isolates were unchanged compared with PRSF-L477. No clinically relevant changes in blood parameters such as liver and kidney function and no serious adverse events appeared during and after administration. Therefore, we conclude thatL. rhamnosusPRSF-L477 can safely be administrated to healthy subjects at a daily dose of 1 × 1011 cfu.
Risk factors for fluoroquinolone resistance in Enterococcus urinary tract infections in hospitalized patients
Authors: RATTANAUMPAWAN P. , TOLOMEO P. , BILKER W. B. , FISHMAN N. O. , LAUTENBACH E.
Published: August 2010

Past studies exploring risk factors for fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance in urinary tract infections (UTIs) focused only on UTIs caused by Gram-negative pathogens. The epidemiology of FQ resistance in enterococcal UTIs has not been studied. We conducted a case-control study at two medical centres within the University of Pennsylvania Health System in order to identify risk factors for FQ resistance in enterococcal UTIs. Subjects with positive urine cultures for enterococci and meeting CDC criteria for healthcare-acquired UTI were eligible. Cases were subjects with FQ-resistant enterococcal UTI. Controls were subjects with FQ-susceptible enterococcal UTI and were frequency matched to cases by month of isolation. A total of 136 cases and 139 controls were included from 1 January 2003 to 31 March 2005. Independent risk factors [adjusted OR (95% CI)] for FQ resistance included cardiovascular diseases [2·24 (1·05–4·79), P=0·037], hospitalization within the past 2 weeks [2·08 (1·05–4·11), P=0·035], hospitalization on a medicine service [2·15 (1·08–4·30), P<0·030], recent exposure to β-lactamase inhibitors (BLIs) [14·98 (2·92–76·99), P<0·001], extended spectrum cephalosporins [9·82 (3·37–28·60), P<0·001], FQs [5·36 (2·20–13·05), P<0·001] and clindamycin [13·90 (1·21–10·49), P=0·035]. Use of BLIs, extended spectrum cephalosporins, FQs and clindamycin was associated with FQ resistance in enterococcal uropathogens. Efforts to curb FQ resistance should focus on optimizing use of these agents.
Direct Measurement of Kinetic Energy Dissipation in Polysaccharide Conformation Transition at Single Molecule Level
Authors: Guo S , Jesse S , Nikiforov MP , Akhremitchev BB , Kalinin SV
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Co-Compounds in Germanic
Authors: Bauer Laurie
Published: August 2010

Co-compounds (sometimes termed “copulative compounds”) are com-pounds whose elements are of equivalent status and which can be glossed as having coordinated meaning (usually linked by and, but occasionally, in some languages, by or). There are several distin-guishable kinds of co-compounds, including dvandvas, appositional compounds, co-participant compounds, and so on (Wälchli 2005, Bauer 2008a). These were not available in early Germanic. Accordingly, co-compounds in modern Germanic languages are innovations, and it is scarcely surprising to see that there is much agreement about the types that are available. However, this apparent unity hides a host of differ-ences across languages. This paper focuses on the differences between Danish, English, and German in the use of co-compounds.*
Verba Pura Problems: Proto-Germanic Forms withj, Unexpectedē1
Authors: Connolly Leo A.
Published: August 2010

The standard view that thematic verba pura contained Proto-Germanicjis examined in detail and rejected: we must reconstruct PG+sē1e/a-+rōe/a-, not+sē1je/a-+rōje/a-. The Gmc. verba pura typically have stems ending inē1(Go.saian, OEsāwan, ONsā, OHGsāen‘sow’) orō(OErōwan, ONrōa‘row’). Whileōin these verbs seems always to reflect PIEo+ a non-coloring laryngealE,ē1occurs in verbs with laryngeals of any color:saian <+seE-, OHGkrāen‘crow’<+greA-(a-coloring), OEcnāwan‘know’<+ǵneO-(o-coloring). A solution is offered according to which in Germanic,Ewas lost relatively early,eandoin hiatus were then lengthened toē1ō, after which remainingo > a. Later, whenAandOwere lost,ain hiatus was lengthened toāand reanalyzed as /ē1/. However,+knē1-might instead reflect a Narten present in+ǵnēO-.*
Sievers‘ Law in Gothic: A Response to Pierce
Authors: Barrack Charles M.
Published: August 2010

Gothic scribes divided words at the ends of lines following basic principles of syllabification except in the case of glide-final clusters, where the division appeared immediately before the glide (-C/G-). Pierce (2006) accepts this practice as evidence that such sequences were heterosyllabified,-C.G-. He rejects arguments that such breaks occur because morpheme boundaries (#) normally precede the glides, -VC0C/#GV-, and that hence these clusters were actually tauto-syllabified:-VC0.C#GV-. Pierce counters that (a) the Law of Initials forbids such tautosyllabification; (b) morphology cannot account for similar division in forms evincingVerschärfungor /-ngw-/, where there are no morpheme boundaries; (c) his opponents are inconsistent because they ignore the role of morphology in the division of stop + liquid clusters; (d) evidence from the other Germanic dialects cor-roborates his position; (e) if -VC0CGV- were truly tautosyllabified, one would expect occasionally to find erroneous divisions exhibiting this, -VC0/.C#GV-. In this rejoinder, I argue that Pierce's arguments rest on false premises.