bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of Analytical Methods for Clopidogrel Bisulfate
Authors: Kumbhar Aakanksha C. , Gherade Prerana B. , Sonkamble Sandhyarani S. , Pawar Kumudini R.
Published: February 2025

The main purpose of the frequently prescribed antiplatelet drug clopidogrel bisulfate is to protect patients with atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndromes from cardiovascular events. Clopidogrel bisulfate analysis must be accurate and trustworthy for clinical research and pharmaceutical quality control. The study thoroughly examines analytical methods, including spectroscopic, bioanalytical, and chromatographic approaches. Each method's benefits, drawbacks, and applications are discussed, offering helpful insights into how well they work for various analytical goals. Due to their excellent sensitivity, selectivity, and precision, chromatographic methods like high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) have been the most widely used technique for clopidogrel bisulfate analysis. The creation of various stationary phases and mobile phases has improved separation efficiency and increased the precision of drug quantification. Clopidogrel bisulfate has been extensively determined in pharmaceutical formulations and biological samples using spectroscopic techniques, such as UV-visible spectrophotometry, infrared spectroscopy (IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. These techniques provide quick analysis and straightforward sample preparation steps. Bioanalytical plans, including substance-causing chemicals to split into simpler substances-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and liquid chromatography-bulk spectrometry (LC-MS), are necessary for the measurement of clopidogrel bisulfate in organic casts, such as red body fluid or excretion, in pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence studies. The variety of examining methods debated in this place will aid in selecting the ultimate appropriate method for specific examining necessities, eventually providing the safe and productive use of clopidogrel bisulfate in dispassionate practice.
Fraud Detection in Credit Card Transactions: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Viraj Soni
Published: February 2025

Credit card fraud poses a significant threat to financial institutions and consumers, leading to substantial financial losses annually. Traditional rule-based fraud detection systems often fall short in identifying novel fraudulent patterns. This paper explores the application of machine learning techniques to enhance fraud detection in credit card transactions. We delve into both supervised and unsupervised learning approaches, emphasizing the importance of feature engineering, data preprocessing, and model evaluation metrics. Additionally, we discuss the challenges associated with real-time fraud detection, adversarial attacks, and the ethical implications of deploying machine learning models in financial systems. Through comprehensive analysis and experimentation, we aim to provide insights into building robust and efficient fraud detection models.
Identification of railway track damage using vibration signal characteristics
Authors: Łomżyńska Adrianna , Strugarek Klaudia , Nowak Malwina Magdalena , Ludwiczak Aleksander Władysław , Klekowicki Mikołaj Jarosław , Szymański Grzegorz Marek
Published: February 2025

The study focuses on the identification of railway track damage using vibration signal characteristics. It presents the identification of vibration signals generated by the bogie system during passage over selected track sections in two different technical conditions. A literature review on rail infrastructure and its maintenance is provided, along with a description of modern diagnostic systems employed by companies responsible for track maintenance. The research involved analyzing vibration signals in both the time and frequency domains. Based on the obtained results, the feasibility of detecting damage using vibration signals recorded from a vehicle was confirmed, allowing for the assessment of the impact of infrastructure damage on passenger comfort.
Antagonistic bacterial strains isolated from cabbage rhizosphere release antimicrobial volatile organic compounds against Pythium aphanidermatum
Authors: Velazhahan Rethinasamy
Published: February 2025

In a previous study, we isolated four antagonistic bacterial strains viz., Pseudomonas aeruginosa B1-SQU, Pseudomonas indica B2-SQU, Serratia marcescens B3-SQU and Pseudomonas brenneri B4-SQU from the rhizosphere of cabbage which suppressed damping-off in cabbage caused by Pythium aphanidermatum. In this study, potential of these bacterial isolates to produce antimicrobial volatile organic compounds (VOCs) against P. aphanidermatum was tested. The results of the two-sealed-base-plates assay revealed that all four bacterial strains produced VOCs against P. aphanidermatum with the maximum inhibition with P. brenneri B4-SQU followed by S. marcescens B3-SQU, P. aeruginosa B1-SQU and P. indica B2-SQU. Solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to profile the VOCs of bacteria. A total of 20 VOCs were detected in P. aeruginosa B1-SQU and the major compounds identified were Carbon dioxide, 1-Butanol, 3-methyl- and Disulfide, dimethyl. The main volatile compounds detected in P. indica B2-SQU were 1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, Disulfide, dimethyl and 1,2-Propanediamine. Disulfide, dimethyl and 1,2-Propanediamine were the predominant compounds identified in S. marcescens B3-SQU among others. The major compounds detected in P. brenneri B4-SQU were 1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, 1,2-Propanediamine and Disulfide, dimethyl. Dimethyl disulfide, a well-known antimicrobial compound, was detected in the volatile profiles of all four antagonistic bacterial isolates. These results suggest that VOCs of antagonistic bacteria may be involved in the suppression of P. aphanidermatum and these antagonistic bacterial strains may be used as biofumigants for controlling damping-off of cucumber.
A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY ON INTER-GENERATIONAL RELATIONSHIP WITH REFERENCE TO THE RETIRED GOVERNMENT EMPLYOYEES
Authors: Kumar Arya Dr Sanjeev
Published: February 2025

The concept of intergenerational relationships plays a vital role in shaping the well-being and quality of life for retired individuals. This study focuses into the significance of these relationships, emphasizing their impact on retirees' social, emotional, and cognitive health. Retirement marks a significant transition in one's life, often characterized by shifts in daily routines, social networks, and personal identity. The presence of strong intergenerational bonds can mitigate the challenges associated with this transition by providing retirees with a sense of purpose, belonging, and emotional support. Study highlights that retirees engaged in intergenerational activities, such as cooking, gardening, outdoor recreation, nature walking, storytelling , child caring etc experience life satisfaction, reduced feelings of loneliness and ignorance, and improved mental health. Furthermore, these interactions promote mutual learning and the exchange of cultural values and knowledge, which benefits both older and younger generations. This abstract underscores the necessity of creating supportive environments and programs that encourage intergenerational interactions. By integrating sociological perspectives and evidence-based practices, communities can enhance the well-being of retired individuals and strengthen social cohesion across generation to generation.
Enhancing Summary Writing Skills through Extensive Reading in Second Language Acquisition
Authors: Bakhshayesh Elnaz Valaei , Geng Hui
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of extensive reading (ER) on Omani students’ summary writing skills. In this program, the researcher selected a simplified graded book appropriate for the students’ language level and cultural familiarity. Fifty Omani participants from English Foundation Year 3 took part in the study. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were adopted for analyzing the data. The results from the questionnaires and interviews indicated that students had a generally positive view of task-based reading programs. Most students reported that peer collaboration and guided reading tasks helped them better understand the texts and, as a result, enabled them to produce more coherent summaries. However, it is important to note that certain demotivating factors were identified concerning task-based extensive reading. The primary demotivating factors included low completion rates, lack of integration into the course curriculum, difficulties with dictionary use, and mismatches in language proficiency. To ensure the success of a task-based extensive reading program, it is crucial to address these challenges effectively.
Vitamin D deficiency as risk factor for Multiple myeloma and Renal dysfunction among Sudanese patients
Authors: Medani Muntasir Abbas , Mosad Altaf S. , Yousif Sara Osman , Fadlalla Ali Soad , Abbas Ibrahim Mariam
Published: February 2025

Background: The incidence of multiple myeloma (MM), a malignancy that affects plasma cells,

is increasing in developed countries. Vitamin D (VD) status is a modifiable factor that may lower the risk of cancer by modulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis by attaching to a particular receptor, the vitamin D receptor (VDR).

The study aims: to assess serum Vitamin D levels, urea, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, uric acid and hemoglobin, among Sudanese individuals diagnosed with MM.

Methods: This is a case control study, where 50 patients and 50 healthy age matched controls were enrolled after informed consent. Blood (serum) samples were analyzed for Vitamin D level and renal profile using a fully automated cobas 6000 & e 601 (Roch Germany). Hemoglobin levels in whole blood were determined by the Sysmex KX21 autoanalyzer.

Results: vitamin D deficiency was common in multiple myeloma patients. There was a significant difference between the two groups p-value= 0.043. A ten-fold increase to have MM was found among the first quartile vitamin D level ≤11.45 IU/L (OR= 10.7). Urea, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, uric acid and hemoglobin revealed a significant difference between patient and control. No statistically significant differences in the means of renal disorder markers across the four quartiles among MM cases. Creatinine, phosphate, and calcium levels showed a significant association with vitamin D deficiency.

Conclusion: A significant association between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of MM. Individuals with lowest vitamin D levels exhibited a ten-fold increase to have MM.
Ending Segregated Employment for Persons with Disabilities: The Case for Federal Social Cooperative Legislation in Australia
Authors: Blackett Reece
Published: February 2025

Increased focus on phasing out the segregated model of employment of persons with disabilities has ignited contentious debate about the ideal model to serve as a replacement. This article outlines the case for a federal legislative framework of social cooperatives which are managed and led by persons with disabilities. The Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities recognises social cooperatives as a preferable alternative to segregated employment and the development of cooperatives is an express obligation provided by the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. This article adopts a human rights approach to present the case for social cooperatives, comparing social cooperative legislation from various foreign jurisdictions to determine the most effective features that Australia should adopt.
FILSAFAT DAN AGAMA (Ketuhanan, Al-Nafs, dan Alam) DALAM PERSPEKTIF AL-KINDI
Authors: Marlena Reni
Published: February 2025

Peradaban Islam muncul tidak lepas dari berbagai pemikiran yang berkembang dalam Islam. Berbagai pemikiran yang muncul tersebut biasa disebut filsafat Islam. Pemikiran yang berkembang dalam filsafat Islam memang didorong oleh pemikiran filsafat Yunani yang masuk ke Islam. Namun, hal itu tidak berarti bahwa filsafat Islam adalah nukilan dari filsafat Yunani. Filsafat Islam adalah hasil interaksi dengan filsafat Yunani dan yang lainnya. Filsafat Islam yang dipelopori oleh para filosof muslim timur telah mengembangkan sayapnya dan menancapkan cakarnya dengan kuat. Dimulai dari al-Kindi sebagai filosof Islam pertama kali, kemudian disusul oleh para filosof yang lainnya. Karena merupakan filosof yang pertama kali, maka al- Kindi dijuluki sebagai bapak filsafat Islam. Setelah masa al-Kindi, kemudian dilanjutkan oleh berbagai filosof yang masing-masing mengembangkan karakternya masing-masing.
 
Al-Kindi dalam kapasitasnya sebagai seorang filosof, mampu mempersatukan agama dengan filsafat. Ia mampu membuat argumen yang menyatakan bahwa agama dan filsafat itu sama-sama benar. Selain pemikirannya tersebut, ia juga mempunyai pemikiran mengenai al-nafs atau jiwa. Sehingga dapat dikatakan sebagai seorang bapak filosof Islam pertama, pengetahuan al-Kindi sungguh komplit dan komprehensif. Maka dari itu, penulis akan membahas secara mendetail pemikiran tokoh tersebut.
Ecological influences on the well-being of Vietnamese tertiary lecturers in English as a foreign language: A phenomenological study
Authors: Ngo Nga Huynh Hong , Trinh Lap Quoc
Published: February 2025

Although extensive research has been conducted on teacher well-being in general education, this topic has received minimal attention within the field of English language teaching (ELT). This article reports a phenomenological investigation into the influences of ecological factors on the well-being of English as a foreign language (EFL) lecturers within the tertiary education reform system in Vietnam. Data were collected through narrative frames and phenomenological interviews conducted with 18 EFL lecturers from a public university. Grounded in ecological systems theory, this study found that the well-being of EFL lecturers is both dynamic and multifaceted. The findings illustrate how national factors (e.g., educational policies and professional development opportunities), institutional factors (e.g., workload, financial insecurity, and workplace culture), and individual factors (e.g., physical health, time pressure, and sense of meaning) influenced the well-being of EFL lecturers at different career stages, both positively and negatively. This research addresses a gap in the understanding of lecturer well-being in the ELT context in Vietnam and may offer insights applicable to other international settings.
The reflections of social media platforms on intellectual security: An applied study of students of King Faisal University
Authors: Saleh Shoeb Gamal , Helali Mamdouh Mosaad , Ibrahim Khaled Ahmed Abdel-Al
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to examine how social media networks influence intellectual perceptions among students at King Faisal University. Employing a descriptive research design, the investigation focused specifically on the impact of social media platforms on security-related thought, particularly within social and political contexts. The findings indicate that WhatsApp, Snapchat, and Instagram are the most frequently used networks among these students. Moreover, the results reveal that social media’s influence on security thought is strongly associated with social and infrastructural effects, moderately linked to economic effects, and demonstrates a significant correlation with considerable economic impact as measured by the questionnaire. Although no statistically significant differences were found in responses based on gender, academic specialization, or level, significant variations emerged in the definition of specialization and its relationship with the effects of social media on intellectual perceptions. Based on these results, the study recommends establishing an educational institution within the university dedicated to social communication. This institution would offer guidance programs aimed at regulating the design and use of social media in academic settings while also emphasizing the importance of enacting and enforcing legislation to prevent the dissemination of extremist or harmful content.
AI-enhanced cybersecurity: Machine learning classification application for APT malware attribution
Authors: Hristov Grozdan
Published: February 2025

As technology becomes ever more integrated into daily tasks, the possibilities for conducting attacks against it increase as well. This gives rise to a number of challenges in the cybersecurity and technological fields. One such challenge is malware attribution, especially when it comes to determining the source and related threat actor of complex assaults. This article proposes a new machine learning-based method for Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) attribution that uses a dual-classifier system to predict the malware sample's nation of origin as well as the APT organization that is responsible for it. For the purpose of the research, the chosen dataset consists of roughly 3,500 tagged state-sponsored malware samples gathered from a variety of threat intelligence sources, containing information on malware hash values, malware family, connected country, etc. The model leverages static features extracted from the malware, including cryptographic hash values (MD5, SHA1, SHA256) and malware family labels, to build robust Random Forest classifiers. The choice of static analysis allows for efficient and scalable feature extraction, making the approach well-suited for large-scale datasets and real-time applications. The experimental results show an achievement for APT accuracy reaching 100% or very close to 100%, while the country accuracy was around 70%.
Inhibitory Potential of Bacteriocins from Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, and Bacillus sp. Against Multiple Resistant Bacterial Reference: A Comparative Study with Antibiotics
Authors: Baidaa M. Kadim  , Haider S. Abdulhusein
Published: February 2025

Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria that can function as an alternative to conventional antibiotics. The main objective of this work is to utilize bacterial metabolic products as an alternative to antibiotics. This study assessed the inhibitory capacity of bacteriocins obtained from Bacillus sp., Corynebacterium sp., and Staphylococcus sp. against various antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Bacteriocins were isolated and refined from Corynebacterium sp., Staphylococcus sp., and Bacillus sp. They were later employed as antibiotic compounds against pathogenic bacterial strains which are including Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4352, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Bacillus cerus ATCC 11778, Pseudomonas aeroginosa ATCC 27853, Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 65389, that were isolated from clinical specimens and identified as pathogenic species and antibiotics resistant. Additionally, a total of five antibiotics were utilized as controls against the tested isolates. These antibiotics include Ampicillin (10 μg), Spectinomycin (25 μg), Streptomycin (10 μg), Meropenem (10 μg), and Penicillin (10 μg). The broth dilution method was employed in a 96-well microtiter plate for bacteriocins, while the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used for antibiotics. The results indicated that the bacteriocins synthesized by all three species possess antibacterial activity exclusively against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341, suggesting their potential as alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Nevertheless, their influence on other microorganisms that tested was not observed. The antibacterial efficacy of bacteriocins can be affected by several factors, including the concentration of NaCl, temperature, bacterial enzymes, and pH level. The study revealed that the most favorable circumstances for the antibacterial efficacy of bacteriocins were a pH of 6, a temperature of 35℃, and a NaCl concentration ranging from 1.5M to 2.5M.
Zmęczenie odczuwane podczas pracy z urządzeniami rzeczywistości rozszerzonej – wyniki badań wstępnych
Authors: Wisełka Mariusz ,   Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy-Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Published: February 2025

Fatigue felt while working with augmented reality devices – preliminary research results
Virtual and augmented reality devices are increasingly used for professional purposes.
Due to technological progress and the rapid development of these devices, they may
pose new health risks to users. The article presents a new method of measuring the
fatigue of users of augmented reality glasses, including selected psychomotor tests and
ophthalmological examinations. The results of preliminary research conducted using this
method are also presented.
Keywords: AR, fatigue, computer work
Enhancing Gastrointestinal Diagnostics with YOLO-Based Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Yang Yuanfang , Jin Yuhui , Tian Qiyuan , Yang Yahe , Qin Weijian , Ke Xiaolan
Published: February 2025

Gastrointestinal (GI) tract disorders, ranging from benign polyps to aggressive forms of cancer, pose significant health challenges globally. Early detection and precise classification of these conditions are crucial for effective treatment and improving patient survival rates. This study employs the Hyper-Kvasir dataset, a comprehensive collection of endoscopic images, to develop deep learning models that harness the power of the YOLO (You Only Look Once) architecture for real-time detection and classification of GI abnormalities. The focus is on overcoming inherent challenges such as class imbalance and limited annotated data availability. Advanced machine learning strategies, including data augmentation and semi-supervised learning, are utilized to enhance the model's performance. Our experiments demonstrate notable improvements in the detection of pre-cancerous lesions and other GI abnormalities, confirming the potential of integrating AI into endoscopic practices to support clinicians, reduce diagnostic errors, and contribute to more accurate and timely diagnoses. The implications of these findings are significant, offering a pathway to more reliable diagnostic processes and ultimately, better patient management in gastroenterology.
Sequential dual generative adversarial network for snowflake noise elimination
Authors: Li Yugang , Bao Xianfu , Qiang Zanxia , Yang Guan
Published: February 2025

Aiming at the problem of snowflake occlusion and haze veil effect in the collected images by the vehicle-mounted camera for the influence of snowflakes and haze. The decoupling and double-supervised weather elimination network was proposed based on the sequential reconstruction of high-frequency and low-frequency components in background images. Decoupling the desnow and dehaze assignment to two sub-networks sequentially, the network filters the high-frequency feature vectors in the image background region by the eigenvalues of the convolution kernel in the spatial domain, and then the second subnetwork performs image coloring and edge fine-tuning tasks based on edge context features obtained by generative adversarial networks. The algorithm has tested on the SRRS-6000 dataset, which verified the effectiveness in the significant performance on noise removal. The Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity (SSIM) has reached 33.29dB/0.94, 32.8dB/0.9316, 30.13dB/0.93, 25.88dB/0.82 on Snow100K-SSnow100K-MSnow100K-LI&O-Haze dataset, respectively. Experiments have shown that the decoupling and double supervised method have efficient snowflake and haze removal performance in image denoising tasks, and the adaptability of unmanned assistance systems under complex weather conditions has been enhanced.
Research on Data Analysis of Factors Influencing Air Crashes Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Zhang Yuchen
Published: February 2025

Accompanying the establishment of intimate economic and cultural connections between different countries and regions, people are required to travel through different places rapidly, which fosters the prosperity of the aviation industry and makes airplanes a crucial means of transportation. In 2024, however, plane crashes such as Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 8243 and Jeju Air Flight 2216 posed peoples concerns about the security of airplanes and the effectiveness of aviation systems. To that end, this study focuses on factors that influence plane crashes mortality and injury rate in order to find the most influential factor associated with plane crashes, aiming to be referenced to make rules protecting passengers safety during flights. At the same time, analyzing data on plane crashes can also avoid peoples unnecessary worries about plane crashes. This study uses random forest machine learning model to analyze plane crash data, which can effectively find the most important factor that will influence mortality and injury rates.
The impact of lifestyle habits on the risk of developing psychological disorders
Authors: Wang Letian
Published: February 2025

Since COVID-19, the incidence rate of psychological disorders has shown an increasing trend, and its treatment is facing greater challenges, which has become a difficult problem in today's society. Previous psychological disease screening scales were mainly self-reported and were greatly influenced by subjective factors. This article is based on psychological disease data from Kaggle, and attempts to establish a Logistic regression prediction model using lifestyle habits such as smoking, alcohol intake, diet, and sleep habits as predictive indicators. The research results indicate that at a significance level of 0.001, alcohol intake, diet, and sleep habits have a positive predictive effect on psychological disorders. In contrast, smoking has a negative predictive effect on psychological disorders. In summary, this study suggests using alcohol intake, diet, and sleep habits as indicators for predicting psychological disorders. It explains the negative predictive effect of smoking related to short-term stress events but does not recommend improving mental health through smoking. In the future, it can refine the statistical methods of independent variables and establish more specific predictive models.
Integration of Electroencephalography with Electromyography and Wearable Devices: A Concept Based on Experimental Investigations Utilizing Electromyogram Signals for Motor Function Control
Authors: Liang Peiyu
Published: February 2025

The utilization of bioelectrical signals, including Electromyography (EMG) and Electroencephalography (EEG), has substantially contributed to advancements in assistive technologies, medical diagnostics, and rehabilitation practices. However, research that combines these two technologies is still relatively scarce. This study focuses on exploring the integration of EMG and EEG signals for controlling robots, particularly for assisting elderly and disabled individuals in performing daily tasks. The experiment involved collecting hand muscle signals using surface EMG (sEMG) electrodes, an Arduino Uno, and an EMG shield. The participants were healthy adults, and the collected data was processed using Arduino and MATLAB software to analyze the signals and control the rotation of a servo motor. The results revealed a positive correlation between the intensity of the muscle signals and the motors rotational angle. Additionally, by integrating EEG and EMG, the system demonstrated improved accuracy in interpreting the participants motion intentions, leading to a more precise control of the robotic movements. This research concludes that the combined use of EEG and EMG signals offers significant potential for improving control mechanisms in assistive robotics and neuroprosthetics, enabling more effective support for individuals with mobility challenges or disabilities. This approach also paves the way for more advanced applications in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs).
Exploring Numerical Solutions to the Brachistochrone Problem under Complex Constraints
Authors: Li Yijia
Published: February 2025

The brachistochrone problem is a classic optimization problem that aims to find the fastest descent path for an object from one point to another under the action of gravity, which has wide applications in physics, mathematics, and engineering. It has been studied through the variational method and the Euler-Lagrangian dynamic simulation problem, but there are still greater challenges in path optimization in complex media and real-time optimization in dynamic systems. And the paper explores the fundamental principles of the brachistochrone problem, emphasizing its physical background and the use of variational and parameterization methods to streamline the conventional solution. Besides, innovative approaches are presented to address particle motion in inhomogeneous media. The practical application of this problem in engineering is studied and discussed, including the metrology process in heterogeneous media, the progress of the signal numerical method combined with the optimization algorithm, and the potential in overcoming the limitations of the traditional analytical method is demonstrated. Thus, the results show that future research should pay more attention to solutions in complex physical environments and engineering applications, and boost the continuous development and application of related technologies.
Research Design on the Efficiency of Hubei Provincial Governments Healthcare Expenditure Based on Applied Mathematical Concepts
Authors: Yang Yuetong
Published: February 2025

Mathematics, continuously uncovers deeper laws in nature and society, expanding the boundaries of human knowledge. Particularly in the social sciences, the application of mathematics exhibits unique appeal and has a profound impact on fields such as economics and public administration. This study examines the efficiency of healthcare expenditure by the Hubei provincial government, based on applied mathematical concepts and utilizing the Data Envelopment Analysis method combined with the Malmquist index model. The empirical analysis aims to explore the effectiveness of government healthcare investments and to provide a scientific basis for improving public financial efficiency. Additionally, this research will aid the author in enhancing core competencies in mathematical reasoning, modeling, data processing, and analysis, laying a solid foundation for future studies in applied mathematics and public policy. This study offers valuable insights into the efficiency of healthcare spending in Hubei Province and serves as a reference for the allocation efficiency of public resources by governments in other regions.
A Comprehensive Survey of Modern Portfolio Optimization: From Traditional Risk Analysis to Advanced Analytics and Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Hsiao Yuyu
Published: February 2025

Portfolio optimization has evolved significantly since Markowitz's pioneering work on Modern Portfolio Theory, driven by technological advances and increased market complexity. This comprehensive survey examines the transformation from traditional mean-variance approaches to cutting-edge applications incorporating artificial intelligence, machine learning, and alternative data sources. We investigate how modern portfolio optimization techniques address the limitations of conventional methods while adapting to increasingly dynamic financial markets. The survey reveals that advanced analytics and machine learning approaches demonstrate superior performance in capturing complex market patterns and managing risk compared to traditional optimization methods. The integration of alternative data sources, robust optimization techniques, and real-time risk monitoring systems has significantly enhanced portfolio management capabilities. However, these advantages must be balanced against increased computational complexity and implementation challenges. The findings highlight the growing importance of hybrid approaches that combine traditional financial theory with modern computational methods. This survey contributes to the field by providing a structured framework for understanding the evolution of portfolio optimization techniques, identifying current challenges, and suggesting future research directions, particularly in areas such as quantum computing applications and cryptocurrency markets.
Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Monetary Policy on the Return Rate of Chinese Stock Market
Authors: Gao Haoxuan
Published: February 2025

Monetary policy as a typical means of macro-control, its impact on the stock market is the key issue of this research, has a very important research value. This paper uses literature analysis to sort out relevant literature from the aspects of whether monetary policy affects the stock market, the channels of influence, the characteristics of influence, etc., and summarizes the relevant theories of monetary policy affecting the stock market. Then, the influence mechanism of the two intermediary channels, credit effect and asset portfolio effect, was analyzed, corresponding hypotheses were proposed, and the corresponding intermediary effect model was established. The monthly data of the stock market return rate of the whole Shanghai Stock market from January 2015 to November 2024 were selected as the research object, and the individual fixed effect model was used to control the industry effect. Three kinds of intermediary effects are used to explore the mechanism of monetary policy affecting stock market returns. Finally, the conclusion is drawn: first, the broad money quantity, the statutory deposit reserve and the medium-term lending facility will affect the return rate of the stock market; Second, the loosening of monetary policy will promote the rise of stock market through credit effect; Third, the easing of monetary policy will promote the rise of the stock market through the portfolio effect.
Vietnam's Attitude Toward Bilateral Cooperation in Chip Industry under the U.S.-China Game and China's Response Strategies
Authors: Tao Yushan
Published: February 2025

With China's increasing emphasis on the development of the semiconductor industry, the United States, in the face of China's growing strength, aims to fully "decouple" its economic and technological relations with China. The United States, for national security reasons, calls on its allies to refuse to use Chinese-made technology and equipment, trying to build a "security line of defense" on a global scale. For China to break through this policy pattern, it needs to build its own "circle of friends" and start cooperating with neighboring countries. In this context, China's chip industry finds its "circle of friends" faces a variety of challenges. The use of strategic triangulation and hedging strategy to familiarize themselves with some of the intrinsic and extrinsic factors of the small countries to cooperate with China is particularly important. This research has explored how Vietnam developed the Chip industry under the U.S-China economic and scientific battle. The strategies discussed in this paper can also be suggestions for other countries.
Influence of E-commerce Economy on Consumer Decision Making
Authors: Wang Ruohan
Published: February 2025

In recent years, with the vigorous rise of the electronic economy, e-commerce platforms have sprung up like mushrooms, and their types are increasingly rich and diverse, covering B2B (business to business), B2C (business to consumer), C2C (consumer to consumer) and o2o (online to offline). The coexistence and competition of these models have greatly promoted the rapid development of e-commerce. However, it is worth noting that the laws and regulations in the field of e-commerce are not perfect, which to a certain extent has triggered a game between merchants and buyers in Internet consumption behavior, and the two sides often have disputes due to the vague definition of rights and interests. In addition, the rise of e-commerce has also had a far-reaching impact on the logistics and transportation industry, and promoted the transformation and upgrading of the industry. From the perspective of game theory, this paper attempts to deeply analyze the behavioral logic of buyers and sellers in e-commerce, tap the key factors affecting their decision-making, and build a model to judge the mixed strategy of buyers and sellers. At the same time, combined with the characteristics of e-commerce, the article also discusses its specific impact on the development of logistics industry in detail.
The Role of Mindfulness in Mitigating Fear of Failure and Enhancing Entrepreneurial Activity: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach
Authors: Cao Xiaomei
Published: February 2025

Entrepreneurship is widely recognized as a driving force of economic growth and innovation. However, "fear of failure" remains one of the most significant psychological barriers to entrepreneurial success, particularly in developing regions with limited social safety nets. This study uses data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), spanning 38 countries to investigate the relationship between fear of failure and entrepreneurial activity. The study highlights how mindfulness interventions can mitigate psychological barriers and foster entrepreneurial resilience by integrating statistical analyses and secondary research on mindfulness practices. The findings reveal that fear of failure has a more pronounced impact in developing economies, with mindfulness emerging as a transformative approach to enhancing emotional regulation and decision-making. This paper concludes with recommendations for integrating mindfulness into entrepreneurial ecosystems to promote sustainable innovation and economic growth.
Research on Optimization of Logistics Cost Management of JD.com from the Perspective of Supply Chain
Authors: Cao Leyan
Published: February 2025

With the rapid development of the e-commerce industry, market competition is becoming increasingly fierce. As a leading enterprise in the domestic e-commerce industry, JD.com must maintain its strong competitiveness. This paper aims to analyze JD.com's logistics costs through charts, deeply analyze its cost structure, and reveal the problems of JD.com in logistics cost management. On this basis, this paper further explores how to optimize cost management to achieve cost reduction and efficiency improvement, improve JD.com's profit level, and consolidate its customer base, thereby expanding a broader and more stable market. Finally, this paper analyzes JD.com's existing technology, future development trends, and potential through the development of smart logistics. Through research, JD.com's high self-operated logistics costs led to poor corporate response to economic risks. There is still room for improvement in procurement costs compared with foreign companies. The marketing efforts should be appropriately reduced in the downstream customer maintenance costs, and the after-sales part needs to be improved. In terms of cost management optimization, JD.com optimizes warehousing costs and improves after-sales services through methods such as prediction and optimization. Although JD.com applied smart logistics, there is still room for improvement overall. In the future, JD.com should continue to maintain technological innovation and development in the supply chain.
Predicting Gold Prices: Interactions with Energy Markets, Currencies, and Equity Indices
Authors: Lu Yuhang
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the dynamic relationships between Gold and several key financial and economic variables, including Crude Oil, Natural Gas, the NASDAQ 100 Index, U.S. Treasury Bonds, the U.S. Dollar Index, and the Housing Price Index. The research uses advanced statistical techniques such as Vector Auto Regression (VAR) to capture the complexities of these interactions and assess how fluctuations in Gold price can influence other variables and overall economic performance. Significant findings indicate that Gold prices are primarily affected by their lagged values and the U.S. Dollar Index, with strong relationships confirmed by high statistical significance. Notably, a rise in the dollar's value correlates with a decrease in Gold prices, while past Gold prices substantially influence current values. The study highlights the interdependencies among these financial indicators, providing valuable insights for investors and policymakers. By understanding these relationships, stakeholders can make more informed decisions in an increasingly interconnected economic landscape. This research contributes to the existing literature on asset correlations and enhances the comprehension of the factors driving Gold prices within the broader context of financial market dynamics.
Research on Optimization of Auto Insurance Pricing Strategy Based on Game Theory
Authors: Fan Ziyue
Published: February 2025

This study uses the game theory framework to deeply explore the interaction of all parties in auto insurance product pricing, aiming to reveal its complex game relationship and propose effective optimization strategies. Researchers have found that competition and information asymmetry among insurance companies have a significant impact on pricing, but there is still a research gap in the formation mechanism and long-term effect evaluation behind it. Therefore, this study uses the game theory framework, including models such as the prisoner's dilemma, coordination game and signaling game, to deeply explore the interaction of all parties in auto insurance product pricing, aiming to reveal its complex game relationship and propose effective optimization strategies. The results show that through indirect cooperation (such as setting industry standards and sharing non-sensitive data), insurance companies can avoid vicious price wars and improve market transparency; standardized services and simplified terms simplify consumer decisions and enhance market trust; introducing third-party verification and adjusting premiums based on driving records ensure that pricing more accurately reflects the level of risk. The research conclusion points out that this study provides valuable theoretical and practical guidance for game strategies in auto insurance pricing, but there are still limitations in data acquisition, model assumptions, regional differences and long-term effect evaluation. Further exploration and improvement are needed in the future to meet complex market challenges.
The Role of ESG in Global Economic Development: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Trends
Authors: Tong Jialing
Published: February 2025

As the world faces increasingly complex challenges related to climate change, social issues, and corporate governance, the Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) concept will continue to be a key factor in performance evaluation. Implementing ESG requires enterprises to invest significant capital upfront, including in areas such as technological innovation and energy transformation. In recent years, an increasing number of investors, especially institutional investors, have incorporated ESG factors into their investment decisions. Investors are concerned not only with financial returns but also with a companys ability to achieve sustainable development through ESG practices. However, implementing ESG faces challenges such as high upfront investment, a shortage of industry talent, and an underdeveloped education system. With limited resources, face greater pressure, while large enterprises must overcome structural adjustments and policy uncertainties. The talent sector needs interdisciplinary experts to meet industry demands. On the other hand, through implementing ESG, companies can enhance their reputation, attract investors, and optimize internal management efficiency.
Analysis of Overseas Investments of China's New Tea Beverage Industry
Authors: Yang Yifei
Published: February 2025

According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, in the past five years, the income and consumption of Chinese residents have shown a steady and rapid growth pattern, and the consumption structure of residents is gradually changing. In people's lives, leisure consumption has become an important consumption, and as a new type of leisure consumer goods, tea has gradually become people's consumption demand. This has promoted the rapid development of China's new tea industry, and also intensified the competitiveness of this industry. At the same time, with the deepening of globalization, Chinese tea brands have the opportunity to promote Chinese tea culture and tea products to the world. The diversification of overseas markets and consumption upgrades also provide a broader space for the development of tea brands. This paper mainly discusses the capital overseas strategy of China's tea industry in the context of globalization with case study and SWOT model. By analyzing the current situation, challenges and opportunities of China's tea industry, combined with the characteristics and trends of the international market, this paper puts forward targeted strategies and suggestions for capital to go overseas. This paper provides theoretical guidance and practical reference for the development of new Chinese tea brands, promotes the organic integration of traditional culture and modern commerce, and promote the internationalization process of new Chinese tea brands. At the same time, it also provides consumers with richer and more diversified consumption choices to meet their dual needs for traditional culture and modern lifestyle.
Capital Structure and Labor Investment Efficiency: Based on the Resource-Based Viewpoint
Authors: Chen Ruofan
Published: February 2025

Labor investment efficiency reflects how effectively enterprises manage labor resources, directly influencing production efficiency and profitability. Efficient labor investment avoids waste, ensures optimal resource allocation, and supports social stability by promoting effective employment, especially in the context of an aging labor market. However, enterprises with high debt ratios often face inefficiency due to financing constraints, which hinder effective labor resource investment. The resource-based view theory suggests that alleviating financing constraints and optimizing resource use can improve labor investment efficiency. High resource richness can lead to agency problems, and resource uncertainty further impacts efficiency. Traditional studies focus on agency problems related to financing constraints and information asymmetry. This paper posits that enterprises with high debt ratios often experience inefficiency in labor investment, particularly when resources are abundant and environmental uncertainty rises. Additionally, as population aging progresses, technological advancements will interact with labor investment, with information technology reform helping companies enhance labor investment efficiency, thus better meeting future demands for new quality productivity.
The Research and Practice of ESG under the Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Shi Ke
Published: February 2025

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), proposed in 2013, has become a transformative global strategy fostering economic collaboration, infrastructure development, and connectivity across Asia, Europe, and Africa. However, as the emphasis on sustainable development grows, the integration of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices within the BRI framework has emerged as a critical focus. This essay examines the current state of ESG implementation under the BRI, highlighting notable corporate case studies and regional variations. It identifies key challenges such as regulatory inconsistencies, cultural and social barriers, economic pressures, and a lack of expertise in participating countries. Building on these insights, the essay proposes strategies for improvement, including establishing regional ESG hubs, expanding multilateral financial support, sharing best practices, and developing global ESG monitoring systems. These measures underscore the importance of international cooperation and knowledge sharing in aligning BRI projects with global sustainability goals. The results help to learn more about how to include ESG factors in big international projects. They also give policymakers and other interested parties useful tips on how to get rid of problems and ensure long-term success.