bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methods of Preparation of Nanoparticles
Authors: Mr Sharad Kamble  , Miss Kaveri Bhosale  , Mr Mahesh Mohite  , Mrs Swapnali Navale
Published: April 2023

The size, shape, and material qualities of nanoparticles can be used to classify them into several categories. Some classifications distinguish between organic and inorganic nanoparticles; nevertheless, the classification of nanoparticles is often determined by their applications or may be connected to how they were formed. Nanoparticles can be found in nature and are also produced as a result of human activity. Nanoparticles have unique material properties due to their sub-microscopic size, and they may find practical uses in a range of fields. A nanoparticle is a distinct nano-object with all three Cartesian dimensions smaller than 100 nm, according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Two-dimensional nano-objects and one-dimensional nano-objects are both described in the ISO standard. However, the definition is later changed. Nanoparticles can also be classed as hard, such as silica particles and fullerenes, or soft, such as nanodroplets. For millennia, nanometreshave been used to study biological systems and to develop a variety of materials such as colloidal dispersions, metallic quantum dots, and catalysts. For example, more than a thousand years ago, the Chinese used Au nanoparticles as an inorganic dye to provide red colour to their ceramic porcelains. Although a complete study on the creation and properties of colloidal gold was only published in the middle of the nineteenth century, its use has a long history. Colloidal Faraday's gold dispersion, was created in 1857. Nanotechnology is a technology for designing, fabricating, and applying nanostructures and nanomaterials in general. Fundamental knowledge of the physical properties and phenomena of nanomaterials and nanostructures is also required for nanotechnology. Nanoscience is the study of basic links between physical characteristics and events in nanoscale scale materials. Nanotechnology is described in the United States as materials and systems with nanoscale structures and components that display innovative and considerably improved physical, chemical, and biological properties, phenomena, and processes. Here are some of the techniques for making nanomaterials.
Voting System using Blockchain Ethereum (dApp)
Authors: Dr. R. A. Zamare  , Pramey Deshmukh  , Chinmay Gulhane  , Mohd Meeran Iqbal  , Mohd Daniyal  , Anurag Vinchunkar
Published: April 2023

The use of E-Voting systems has become popular in these recent years due to the ability of Blockchain environment to provide a more efficient and convenient voting process. Earlier, the security and integrity of e-voting systems has been very concerning, as they are vulnerable to cyber-attacks and manipulation. On the contrary, Blockchain technology provides a decentralized and distributed platform that can ensure the integrity and immutability of data. This research paper proposes an e-voting system based on blockchain technology. The proposed system aims to provide a secure, transparent, and tamper-proof voting process. The system utilizes smart contracts, which automates the voting processes and ensures the accuracy of the results. The system also provides transparency and accuracy, allowing voters to verify their vote and ensuring that the results are accurate and trustworthy. The proposed system will be tested and evaluated to determine its effectiveness and feasibility. The evaluation will focus on the security, scalability, and usability of the system. The security evaluation will test the system's ability to prevent attacks and ensure the confidentiality of the votes. The scalability evaluation will test the system's ability to handle a large number of voters and transactions. The usability evaluation will test the ease of use and accessibility of the system for all types of voters
Assessment of heavy metals and health implications in borehole water of Shao in Moro LGA, Kwara State
Authors: Yusuf K. O. , Rufai S. O.
Published: April 2023

Problems of kidney, liver, hypertension and cancer diseases are common this day in some parts of Nigeria among adults which could be due to prolong drinking of water containing high concentrations of heavy metals such as Arsenic, Barium, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Lead, and Manganese. There is a need for creating awareness in the country about the health implications of prolong drinking of water with high concentrations of heavy metals which could cause some severe diseases to man. This study was conducted to determine the concentrations of some selected heavy metals
in the borehole water of Shao in Moro Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria. Water samples were collected in March, 2020 from 6 borehole locations at Shao and physic-chemical properties were analyzed using standard methods. The samples were collected in March during dry season to get the actual contribution of the geological nature of the area for the heavy metals. In March, there is little or no underground water pollution from agricultural wastes, pesticides, industrial wastes and percolation of contaminated runoff. The concentrations of Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Lead, Manganese and Zinc in the samples were 0.003-0.016 (Standard Organisation of Nigeria – SON limit: 0.003), 0.012-0.012 (SON: 0.050), 0.005-0.030 (SON: 1.000), 0.058-0.058 (SON: 0.010), 0.002-0.024 (SON: 0.200), 0.013-0.098 mg/L (SON: 3.000mg/L), respectively. Concentrations of Arsenic and Mercury were not detected in all the 6 boreholes. The concentrations of Cadmium which is toxic to kidney were above the permissible limits of SON in 5 boreholes and Lead that could cause cancer and mental disorder among children were above the permissible limits of SON in one borehole. Borehole water with high concentration of heavy metals should be treated before consumption to prevent some deadly diseases that could affect man.
DE VALPUESTA A SILOS. LAS FUENTES DEL CASTELLANO
Authors: Álvarez Tejedor Antonio
Published: April 2023

Los espacios montañosos del norte y este de la provincia de Burgos fueron escenario de vida de unos pueblos de personalidad singular. En esa sociedad surgieron héroes, creencias y leyendas que están en la base de la cultura española: Los Siete Infantes de Lara, Poema de Fernán González, Cantar de Mío Cid, etc. Si en estas fuentes están los nacederos de un río llamado castellano, si al lado de esos arroyos cabalgaron los héroes de las gestas castellanas, asimismo en esos bosques, cañones y riberas comenzó la historia de Castilla.En Silos, en Covarrubias, en San Pedro de Cardeña, en Oña, en Valpuesta y sus alrededores, el interés por la lengua castellana nos invita a conocer la historia y a disfrutar del patrimonio cultural monumental -casas, torres, iglesias, colegiatas, abadías y monasterios-; del patrimonio cultural inmaterial, y a vivir una naturaleza que constituye un excepcional patrimonio natural. Esta propuesta quiere valorar el papel fundamental e imprescindible de la lengua castellana en el proceso de patrimonialización de los excepcionales elementos que integran esta secuencia de lugares burgaleses.La lengua castellana en el período de sus orígenes y la literatura primitiva castellana dan cohesión y valor patrimonial de valor universal excepcional a un sector nororiental de la provincia de Burgos, sector donde se asentaron y vivieron los fundadores de Castilla y sector donde se implantaron monasterios, abadías y colegiatas que gestionaron y organizaron un espacio de vida y de frontera.
Conocer para valorar y educar para conservar: El patrimonio cultural de la Comunidad de Madrid y su aprovechamiento como recurso educativo
Authors: Osma Rodríguez Pablo
Published: April 2023

La Comunidad de Madrid cuenta con un rico patrimonio cultural que constituye un repertorio excepcional de recursos educativos a disposición de los ciudadanos y de los centros de enseñanzas regladas. Con frecuencia dichos recursos se ponen en valor por su potencial turístico pero están infravalorados en las posibilidades didácticas que ofrecen. Usados como recursos didácticos los distintos elementos patrimoniales se dan a conocer, se ponen en valor en lo que son y en lo que valen y con ello no solo se consigue completar la formación académica con ejemplos prácticos y el acceso a fuentes primarias; también se consigue preservar y conservar estos elementos patrimoniales. Lo que no se conoce difícilmente se valora y por ello resulta clave la incorporación de la educación patrimonial en las aulas. En esta colaboración damos a conocer los principales recursos del patrimonio inmobiliario declarado como Bienes de Interés Cultural de la Comunidad de Madrid; presentamos un estudio sobre el grado de conocimiento de los alumnos de ESO y Bachillerato de dicho patrimonio y proponemos un ejemplo de integración de dichos recursos dentro de la planificación docente.
La Oficina Municipal del Grafiti de Murcia: arte urbano y patrimonio cultural
Authors: Martínez Carcelén José Francisco
Published: April 2023

El arte urbano es un activo en las diferentes sociedades de hoy en día. En el caso de Murcia podemos ver una gran evolución a partir de la creación de la Oficina Municipal del Grafiti entre 2016 y 2017. Desde esta entidad se ha promovido el uso de las pinturas murales para reacondicionar zonas que se encontraban en estado de degradación. Aunque no suceda en todas las obras, ha sido común encontrar referencias al patrimonio cultural del municipio y de la comunidad autónoma, aportando una visión diferente a la que se le había dado en los últimos años y acercando a vecinos y visitantes los bienes materiales e inmateriales que podemos encontrar en Murcia.
Nuevos retos en los usos del patrimonio industrial
Authors: Llera Canga Julio José
Published: April 2023

La recuperación del patrimonio ligado a la industria recibió un fuerte impulso en los años 90 del pasado siglo en numerosos países de Europa. Sin embargo, las nuevas circunstancias económicas y sociales nos obligan a repensar los posibles usos del patrimonio industrial. A través de numerosos ejemplos, veremos cómo en otros lugares los usos de los antiguos espacios industriales se han diversificado no sólo hacia equipamientos culturales o nuevas oficinas, sino a todo tipo de servicios públicos y privados tan dispares como nos podamos imaginar: viviendas, deportivos, almacenes, jardines, cafés, etc. La senda hacia la sostenibilidad y la mejora de la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos, la adaptación a los recursos económicos existentes, el pragmatismo, así como el respeto en las intervenciones de rehabilitación, deben de ser la guía que nos marque el camino. Este artículo cuenta además con dos propuestas de intervención muy sencillas, el Pozo Terrerón y la Central Térmica de Langreo en Asturias, inspiradas en los proyectos enunciados en el mismo.
Stability studies of reconstituted oral amoxicillin suspension (125mg/5ml) under different temperature storage conditions
Authors: Obat Rose , Kipsang Nathan , Maru Martha
Published: April 2023

The research objective was to determine the physical stability and concentration of amoxicillin reconstituted oral suspension (125mg/5ml) stored under room temperature of 25°C and refrigeration temperature of 2-8°C days 1, 3, and 7. Three different brands of amoxicillin samples were used. Samples from the reconstituted amoxicillin suspension was assayed by HPLC to determine the concentration of the active and examined physically for taste, odour and colour change. The drug concentration for all three brands during the seven days ranged from 88.94 per cent - 102.17 per cent for refrigerated and 89.57-99.7 per cent for reconstituted amoxicillin at room temperature. The odour for days 1, 3 and 7 is fruity. The colour was pale yellow for days 1 and 3, while on day 7, it was creamy yellow. The taste was sweet on days 1 and 3, while on day 7, it was sweet/low bitter. The three brands maintained their potency and physical stability as required in the British pharmacopoeia. The reconstituted antibiotic suspensions must be stored at room temperature or in a refrigerator to maintain potency throughout their use. However, a good number of patients do not adhere to storage specifications resulting in the degradation of the product and subsequent loss of potency. The results for day one for all the drugs fall within the accepted range, drug K has its percent concentration the lowest, and microbiological studies should be done on this drug to ascertain microbial stability.
Prevalence and causes of violent deaths in Nairobi Kenya: An autopsy study
Authors: Kiama Peter Wangai
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to investigate fatalities resulting from violent deaths to inform public health policy on the need for their prevention. This is a descriptive prospective study of violent deaths in Nairobi. The study included all cases of deaths from violent deaths for twelve consecutive months. Data was entered on a proforma datasheet. Data were analysed using SPSS. Out of 2566 autopsy cases in one year, between June 1, 2009, and May 31 2010, 47.3 per cent of deaths were due to homicide, 43.6 per cent deaths were due to accidents, and 9.1 per cent deaths were due to suicide. Among homicides, 41.5 per cent were due to gunshots, 39.3 per cent were due to blunt injuries, 4.5 per cent were due to stabbing, and 0.4 per cent were due to strangulation. Police shootings comprised 95 per cent of the gunshots, and mob justice comprised 57.3 per cent of the blunt injuries. Among accidents, road traffic accidents contributed 87.3 per cent, with pedestrians as the majority at 46.9 per cent. Amongst the other accidents, burns contributed 35.6 per cent. Among suicide, hanging contributed to 79 per cent. A p-value of 0.03 (95 per cent confidence interval) was found when the data were analysed using an F-test. There was a statistically significant difference (p=0.03) between violent death and alcohol intoxication. Violent deaths require to be studied in the background of the social setting of the death.
The impact of financial audits on the sustainable growth of SMME’s : a case study of the eThekwini Municipality
Authors:   , Mkhize Nkanyezi Lindani Alen
Published: April 2023

Small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) play a very important role in the economies of the world. However, the sustainable growth of these businesses in South Africa is one of worst recorded, as 90% of them fail within the initial stage of their existence. This study sought to investigate whether financial audits had an impact on the sustainable growth of SMMEs in South Africa. The New Companies Act 71 of 2008 of South Africa has brought about a lot of changes in the regulatory requirements of SMMEs to relieve them of administrative burdens and increase their sustainability. This, however, worked adversely against these businesses due to the barriers which inhibit their longevity. This can be attributed to the notion that managers/owners of the SMMEs have become oblivious to the risks inherently associated with businesses, and that this is enhanced by SMMEs not having to account to anyone (that is, there is no regulatory body or entity that controls these businesses). The commander and the agency theories, highlight the importance of separating ownership and control amongst SMMEs to align information symmetry between interested parties. A quantitative approach was followed in conducting the study and data was collected from SMMEs in Durban, under the eThekwini Municipality using a semi-structured questionnaire. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed to analyse the sample demographics, and then mean and standard deviations were computed for the variables.
Outcomes of Different Radiation Therapy Dose-splitting regimens after Radical Surgery for Early stage Breast Cancer
Authors: M Keita , WB Shen , FB Diallo , A Camara , ACPD Akré , B Traoré , SC Zhu
Published: April 2023

Objective: To investigate the outcomes of different dose-splitting radiotherapy regimens after radical or modified radical surgery for early-stage breast cancer.

Material and methods: Between 2015 and 2020, 412 patients treated with radiotherapy after radical or modified radical surgery for early-stage breast cancer were allocated into 3 groups according to different dose-splitting regimens of postoperative radiotherapy. Conventional radiotherapy group157 cases, 2Gy/ fraction, once/day, 5 times/week, DT50 Gy; Alternate-day radiotherapy group 202 cases, 3 Gy/fraction, 3 times/week, DT45Gy; Fast radiotherapy group 53 cases, Days 1 and 3, 5Gy/fraction, Days 15 and 17, 6.5 Gy/fr, DT23Gy. Overall, 318 cases were treated with chemotherapy and/or hormone therapy. For the whole group, the 5-year overall and disease-free survival rates were 87.4% and 89.6% respectively. The 5-year disease-free survival rates for the Conventional radiotherapy group, the Alternate-day radiotherapy group, and the Fast radiotherapy group were 90.8%, 86.5%, and 84.6% (P=0.13).The locoregional recurrence rates were 7.0%, 9.9 and 5.7 respectively. There was no significant difference between the three groups in terms of local control.

Conclusion: With similar 5-year disease-free-survival rates, and the same efficacy, Alternate-day radiotherapy has the advantage of giving fewer fractions, which is suitable for a unit with limited resources. Fast radiotherapy shortens the duration of the treatment, and its efficacy and toxic effects deserve further study.
The effect of innovation on entrepreneurial activities: the case of Azerbaijan
Authors: Musayev Abbas
Published: April 2023

Business is an important factor that leads to the economic prosperity of various states and provides a strong stimulus to the revival of production and the increase in the economic activity of the population. One of the main factors of creating a perfect market environment in the transition to new economic relations is the formation and development of entrepreneurship. There is storng links between entrepreneurship and innovation since past. Innovation both helps developing and developed countries to grow fast and increase the social welfare for economies. There several indexes which show measures the relation between innovation and entrepreneurship. In this article the connection between innovation and entrepreneurship was analyzed by means of comparision of Global Innovation Index and Global Entrepreneurship Index respectively. Results which has been got from the comparision explain that there is connection between innovation and entrepreneurship. Also, it has to be mentioned that Azerbaijan case was been researched in this article and all necesserary steps for improving entrepreneurial ecosystem were stated.
Perceptions and attidutes of students towards online learning English in Kazakhstan
Authors: Arabaci Zulfikar , Omar Abedi
Published: April 2023

English language instruction is no exception to the recent surge in the popularity of online learning. The purpose of this study is to investigate how students perceive online English learning. 34 students who were presently enrolled in an online English language learning program from various educational institutions made up the sample for the survey, which was conducted. The poll used a 5-Point Likert scale to assess attitudes and was designed to find out how students felt about many facets of online English learning, such as its efficiency, practicality, engagement, and difficulties. The survey was sent to the students and an analysis of the data collected was gathered graphically to clearly represent their responses and opinions. According to the study's findings, almost 50% of the students had favorable opinions of online English learning, while the remaining students either had indifferent or negative opinions. The choice of study at the end of the study depended on the circumstances of each individual student and the requirements of the English course.
Психолого-педагогічні особливості виховання дітей-сиріт та дітей, позбавлених батьківського піклування
Authors: Баяновська Марія , Машкаринець-Бутко Анжеліка
Published: April 2023

У статті висвітлено сутність психолого-педагогічних особливостей виховання дітей-сиріт та дітей, позбавлених батьківського піклування. Здійснено аналіз відмінностей у розвитку дітей, які перебувають в інтернатних закладах і в сім`ях, їх психолого - педагогічних особливостей виховання. Розглянуто проблему депривації, її наслідки, а також напрямки компенсації деприваційних розладів.
Інтеграція художньо-продуктивної та театрально-ігрової діяльності як засіб формування творчих здібностей дітей старшого дошкільного віку
Authors: Зубалій Алла
Published: April 2023

У статті висвітлено особливості формування творчих здібностей дітей дошкільного віку через інтеграцію художньо-продуктивної та театрально-ігрової діяльності. Проведено аналіз досліджень, які вивчали проблему інтеграції у дошкільній освіті й питання формування творчих здібностей дітей. Визначено сутність поняття «інтеграція» та шляхи її реалізації в освітньому процесі закладу дошкільної освіти. Обґрунтовано важливість поєднання художньо-продуктивної та театрально – ігрової діяльності для розвитку пізнавальних інтересів старших дошкільників. Охарактеризовано вплив мистецької освіти на всебічний розвиток і формування особистості Визначена актуальність та необхідність інтеграції художньо-продуктивної та театрально-ігрової діяльності, яка забезпечує можливість дітям дошкільного віку реалізувати свої творчі здібності, самовиражатися у творчості.
A new image of a person in the information society
Authors: Omirbekova Zhadyra
Published: April 2023

Бүгінгі тaңдa тұлғa - филocoфиядaғы eң өзeкті мəceлeлeрінің бірі бoлып caнaлaды. Өйткeні, қoғaмымыздың қaрқынды тeхнoлoгиялaр aрқылы дaмуы бeлceнді, жacaмпaз тұлғaны қaлыптacтыруғa жoғaрғы тaлaп қoяды. Aл қoғaмның қaзіргі жaғдaйындa, eлдің caяcи, мəдeни, əлeумeттік-экoнoмикaлық жaқтaрын жaңaрту кeзіндe – aдaмның бoлaшaқтa ізгі ниeтті тұлғa бoлып дaмуынa oның дұрыc қaлыптacу үрдіcі үлкeн ықпaлын тигізeді. Тұлғa - бұл қoғaмдық-тaрихи дaмудың өнімі. Тұлға – нақты адамның дамуының нəтижесі, адамдық қасиеттердің толығымен көрініс табуы. Aдaмның қoғaмдық қaтынacтaр жүйecіндe aлaтын oрны, oның oрындaйтын іc-əрeкeті - бұл oның тұлғacының қaлыптacуын aнықтaйтын жaғдaйлaр. Aдaм өмір дaмуының ең жоғaрғы деңгейінің көрінісі, қоғaмдық еңбек бaрысының жемісі əрі тaбиғaтпен əлеуметтік болмыс тұтaстығын aңдaтaтын тіршілік иесі.
Huseyn Javid’s language and Dramatik craftsmanship
Authors: Aliyev Alirza , Akbarova Parvın
Published: April 2023

The article deals with the Javid’s mastery of language and drama. Javid is one of the representatives of the romantic trend. The various opinions about his language and style are given here. When we address to his creativity, we witness how the writer uses the word as a wordsmith. In his multifaceted activities in the field of dramaturgy, the drama artistry of the playwright was reflected in all its subtleties.
Aspects of Ukrainian traditional conservatism
Authors: Koshetar Uliana , Lytvynska Svitlana , Shevchuk Inna
Published: April 2023

the article is devoted to the analysis of aspects of Ukrainian traditional conservatism in the context of sustainable development and information society. Possibilities of implementing the fundamental heritage of the domestic conservative school in political and social life are explored. It is proposed to consider the stages and basic concepts of scientific communication. Attention is paid to the historical connection between Galician conservatism and the ideology of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. The article deals with aspects of Ukrainian ideology of conservatism as a factor in the preservation of national identity in the information society.
Particularitățile sindromului coronarian acut la pacienții tineri
Authors: Guțu Ion , Livi Grib
Published: April 2023

Bolile cardiovasculare (BCV) reprezintă o problemă majoră de sănătate. Aproximativ o treime din pupulația globului decedează în urma unei BCV, în special din cauza bolii arterelor coronariene (BAC) s-au accidentul vascular cerebral (AVC), 80% dintre aceste decese au loc în țările în curs de dezvoltare. Sindromul coronarian acut (SCA) este un fenomen întâlnit relativ rar la populația tânără. Cu toate acestea, incidența este relativ mai mare față de anii trecuți, din cauza prezenței mai multor factori de risc de la o vârstă din ce în ce mai tânără [2]. Pacienții tineri reprezintă aproximativ 4-10% din populația care prezintă SCA. În această revizuire concentrată, evidențiem datele privind SCA la pacienții tineri cu BAC aterosclerotică. Diferențele dintre patologiile de bază și mecanismele fiziopatologice ar trebui să cedeze la diferite strategii de management clinic și tratament [1]. SCA include la rândul său: pacienți cu infarct miocardic acut cu supradenivelare de segement ST (STEMI), angină pectorală instabilă (API), infarct miocardic fără supradenivelare de segment ST (NSTEMI) și infarctul miocardic prin artere coronariene non-ocluzive (MINOCA) [2]. Datele statistice ne relevă că anual peste 3 milioane de oameni suferă de STEMI și peste 4 milioane – de NSTEMI.
Principii de tratament a mielopatiilor infecțioase
Authors: Prisăcaru Victor
Published: April 2023

Importanța acestui studiu constă în evaluarea mecanismelor patogenetice care staula baza mielopatiilor infecțioase precum și a remediilor terapeutice și medicamentoase actuale în tratamentul acestora. Actualitatea studiului se datorează potențialului foarte înnalt invalidant a maladiilor infecțioase a măduvei spinării.
Urethral strictures. Diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Scutelnic Ghenadie , Gutu Edgar
Published: April 2023

Urethral strictures represent the intrinsic and permanent narrowing of the urethral lumen with urodynamic effects and genitourinary complications resulting from obstruction in the path of urine and seminal fluid elimination. In men, urethral stricture refers to a narrowed segment of the anterior urethra caused by a process of fibrosis and scarring of the urethral mucosa and surrounding spongiosum tissue ("spongiofibrosis"). In the male posterior urethra, there is no spongiosum tissue, and the term stenosis is preferred in this location. The definition of meatal stenosis is accepted as a distal narrowing at the level of the meatus, without involving the navicular fossa. There is no universal definition of female urethral stricture. Female urethral stricture is defined by most authors as "a fixed anatomical narrowing" that leads to a reduction in urethral caliber. This reduced urethral caliber is defined as being between <10 Fr and <20 Fr, with most studies defining it as <14 Fr, compared to the normal urethral caliber of 18-30 Fr. In transgender patients, the term stricture is used to define narrowing of the reconstructed urethra despite the absence of spongiosum tissue around it.[1] In men, a marked increase in incidence is observed after the age of 55, with a median age of 45.1 years. The estimated incidence is generally 229-627 cases per 100,000 men [2]. The anterior urethra is most commonly affected (92.2%), especially the bulbar urethra (46.9%) [3]. In women, 2-29% of patients with refractory lower urinary tract symptoms have obstructive flow at the level of the bladder, of which 4-20% will have urethral strictures [4]. There is a significantly increased incidence in women over 64 years of age. In children, most strictures are traumatic: iatrogenic causes account for 27.8-48% and external trauma for 34-72% of cases [1]. Congenital (13%), inflammatory (4%), or postinfectious (1%) strictures are less commonly observed. The bulbar urethra is the most frequently affected part of the urethra [1]. After hypospadias repair, meatal stenosis and urethral strictures are reported in 1.3-20% of cases, depending on the severity of hypospadias and the technique used [5]. There is a significantly higher incidence of this type of stricture in resource-rich countries due to a higher rate of surgical interventions. It has been reported that up to 18% of urethral strictures involving the meatus or navicular fossa are caused by surgical repair of hypospadias, lichen sclerosus, instrumental/traumatic causes, or idiopathic causes. Post-circumcision meatal stenosis has been reported in less than 0.2% of infants undergoing circumcision. In transgender patients ("trans men"), approximately 51% will suffer from a urethral stricture, while in "trans women" (male to female), the incidence is 14.4% [6].
Anatomy of the spinal nerves
Authors: Turchin Radu , Mitcu-Donica Corneliu
Published: April 2023

Arguing the clinical anatomy of the spinal nerves. The human body is a complex system of nerves and organs that work together to allow for movement and sensation. One crucial part of this system is the spinal nerves. These nerves transmit signals between the body and the central nervous system, allowing for movement and sensation. In this article, we will explore the anatomy of spinal nerves, including their location, structure, and function. We will also discuss the different types of spinal nerves and the disorders and injuries that can affect them.
Хроническая токсичность синтетического остеопластического материала «Oss.uz»
Authors: Акбаров Авзал , Хабилов Бехзод , Умарова Барнохон
Published: April 2023

Проводились исследования хронической токсичности отечественного остеопластичесого материала (Oss.uz) в межвузовской научно-исследовательской лаборатории. Пастообразный остеопластический материал получен путем смешивания порошка с чистым глицеролом. В опыте использовались 72 крыс самцов. При расчете относительных масс внутренних органов экспериментальных животных по сравнению с контролем не выявлены статистически значимые различия. Результаты морфологического исследования внутренних органов экспериментальных животных доказал безвредность исследуемого материала.
Особливості біометричних параметрів матки та яєчників у дівчаток-підлітків з аномальними матковими кровотечами і різною масою тіла
Authors: Диннік Вікторія , Диннік Олександра
Published: April 2023

УЗД високоінформативний і неінвазійнийскринінг реального стану органів малого таза. Цей метод є методом вибору у дитячий та підліткові гінекології. У літературі наводяться дані стосовно біометрії органів малого тазу у процесі нормального менструального циклу, у хворих з затримкою або з передчасним статевим розвитком, пацієнток з вторинною аменореєю, пухлинами матки та яєчників. Не визначено особливостей ультразвукових параметрів органів малого тазу дівчат з аномальними матковими кровотечами в залежності від ІМТ і вплив на них гонадотропних гормонів і гормонів енергетичного обміну. Мета: виявлення особливостей стану внутрішніх статевих органів у дівчат-підлітків із аномальними матковими кровотечами (АМК) з урахуванням маси тіла та проведення системного аналізу взаємовідносин гонадотропних гормонів і гормонів енергетичного балансу з даними ехосонографіі органів малого тазу. Матеріали та методи: обстежено 161 дівчинка з аномальними матковими кровотечами (АМК) із різною масою тіла (65 з фізіологічним ІМТ – І гр.; 58 з надлишковою масою тіла – ІІ гр. і 38 з її дефіцитом – ІІІ гр.). Усім пацієнткам проводилося ультразвукове дослідження (УЗД) органів малого тазу. Визначали в сироватці крові рівні ЛГ, ФСГ, ПРЛ, лептину та інсуліну. Результати: з'ясовано, що для хворих з аномальними матковими кровотечами притаманна відсутність збільшення розмірів матки та яєчників з віком. Виявлена залежність розмірів внутрішніх статевих органів при УЗД від ІМТ і наявності гіперінсулінемії і інсулінорезистентності. Частіше збільшення розмірів матки та яєчників реєструвалося у пацієнток з фізіологічною та надлишковою масою тіла. На тлі гіперінсулінемії і інсулінорезистентності збільшенні розміри матки частіше реєструвалися у хворих з нормативними параметрами маси тіла та при її дефіциті. Гіперплазія ендометрію діагностувалася з однаковою частотою у хворих трьох груп (57,3-66,1%). Розміри яєчників при АМК перебільшували нормативні значення, причому це не залежало від групи хворих. Візуалізація фолікулів або кіст в яєчниках діагностувалася найчастіше у дівчат з дефіцитом маси тіла, а найрідше у пацієнток з надлишковою масою тіла, переважно в молодшій віковій групі. Висновки:ехосонографія в дитячому віці дозволяє отримати досить повну інформацію про органи малого тазу і є важливим методом дослідження в діагностиці патології репродуктивної системи. Її використання у пацієнток пубертатного віку з АМК дозволяє виявити суттєві розбіжності як розмірів внутрішніх статевих органів, так і особливостей акустичного рисунку ендометрію, наявність ретенційних кіст яєчників і допомагає вирішити питання про призначення відповідного лікування
Роль обмінних катіонів у стабільності органічної речовини ґрунтів в урбаноземі м. Львова
Authors: Бонішко Оксана , Олексій Гнатович , Борис Ярослав
Published: April 2023

Проаналізовано вміст органічної речовини залежно від складу обмінних катіонів, ємності катіонного обміну та кислотності в урбаноземі м. Львова. Вміст гумусу в урбаноземі є мізерно низьким. Низька колірність та константа гумінових кислот, визначена за електронним спектром поглинання, вказує на несприятливі умови гуміфікації. Лужна реакція ґрунту і переважання в складі обмінних катіонів лужно-земельних металів сприяє стійкості гумусових речовин. Висока ємність катіонного обміну у гумусовому урбік горизонті Hk+U1 вказує на високий потенціал і поверхню колоїдів, на відміну від нижніх горизонтів. Вимиті органічні колоїди в мінеральних горизонтах зазнають деструкції та закріплюються на поверхні мінеральних речовин.
New challenges of the Georgian energy sector and their legal regulation
Authors: Salkhinashvili Maka , Giguashvili Giuli
Published: April 2023

The energy sector is of crucial importance in the sustainable economic development process of Georgia and the growth of the population's well-being. Our country is not distinguished by excess reserves of energy resources. However, due to its geopolitical location, we have a significant electricity and gas transit function between Europe and Asia. The global processes of recent years, the Covid-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war, have put the energy sector in front of new challenges. The issue of highlighting the problems of energy security and efficiency, increasing the energy sector competitiveness, utilizing renewable energy sources, and developing recommendations for the legal regulation improvement of energy markets was on the agenda. The paper highlights the new challenges of the energy sector of Georgia; The possibilities of launching a new organized model of the electricity and natural gas market are analyzed; The results of the current legal reforms in the energy sector are discussed.
Інформаційні технології оцiнювання резервiв здоров’я як ідентифікатор адаптаційних можливостей організму людини
Authors: Кіфоренко Світлана , Бєлов Володимир , Гонтар Тетяна
Published: April 2023

Наукове дослідження спрямовано на розроблення інформаційної технології оцінювання резервів персонального здоров’я практично здорової людини на основі показників фізичного та психосоціального статусів. Показана доцільність використання методів нормометричного шкалювання для кількісного оцінювання резервної складової здоров’я як ідентифікатору наявності адаптаційних ресурсів в умовах напруженої діяльності. Такий підхід є актуальним на етапах донозологічної діагностики в медицині для попередження патологічних станів. Розроблено модулі програмно-алгоритмічного комплексу «Здоров’я-Резерв» для багатовимірного кількісного оцінювання резервних можливостей організму і особистості людини на основі системи шкал нормо-індексу для інформаційних мобільних технологій. Розроблення комп’ютерних модулів багатовимірного кількісного оцінювання здоров’я організму та особистості людини дає змогу автоматизувати і оперативно проводити збирання даних за результатами обстежень, аналізувати динаміку діагностованих станів і може бути ефективним інструментом для скринінгу і моніторингу здоров’я населення, а реалізація розроблених технологій в мобільних Андроїд-застосунках збільшує якість прийняття персональних рішень користувачем за рахунок розширення доступності та підвищення оперативності у забезпеченні необхідною інформацією для організації своєї життєдіяльності.
Аналіз ситуації на ринку нерухомості України під час військового стану. Тенденції та перспективи
Authors: Кобзан Сергій , Поморцева Олена , Штерндок Ернест
Published: April 2023

Метою статті є дослідження тенденцій розвитку ринку нерухомості в період ведення активної фази бойових дій. Було досліджено фактори, які впливають на ринок нерухомості. Нерухомість, на відміну від облігацій, акцій та валюти, є найбільш стійкою до коливань ризиків, пов’язаних з військовими діями. Тому дослідження факторів, які впливають на ринок нерухомості вкрай актуальне завдання у сучасних умовах. Саме це дає правильне розуміння процесів, які будуть проходити на ринку нерухомості України. На прикладі міста Харкова було запропоновано схему відновлення попиту на різні сегменти нерухомості та здійснено припущення що скоріше за все такий точно сценарій буде відбуватися по усіх містах України. Виходячи з цього можна прогнозувати спочатку відновлення вторинного ринку нерухомості та разом з цим значне підвищення попиту на оренду комерційної нерухомості. Наступним етапом буде відновлення інвестування у первинний ринок житлової нерухомості та зріст попиту на купівлю невеликих офісних приміщень, а потім вже складської та виробничої нерухомості. Як результат проведеного аналізу є визначені перспективи розвитку ринку нерухомості в найближчому майбутньому. Також визначені сегменти нерухомості першого та другого рівня, у які буде відбуватися інвестування після закінчення бойових дій та на які у першу чергу потрібно звернути увагу стайкхолдерам та іншім професійним фахівцям ринку. Проведено розподіл попиту на нерухоме майно по купівлі та по оренді, в залежності від подальшого розвитку економіки України. У статі сформульовано фактори, які здійснюють значний вплив на розвиток ринку нерухомості. Зроблено наголос на зовнішні фактори, які здійснюють максимальний вплив на формування попиту та пропозиції на нерухомість.
Принципи формування імітованих сигналів у режимах пошуку цілей в РЛС, що застосовуються для вирішення телеметричних завдань
Authors: Бурцев Валерій , Воронін Віктор , Волювач Сергій , Запара Денис , Савельєв Андрій , Новіченко Сергій , Деменко Микола , Третяк Вячеслав , Кривчун Валерій , Довгалюк Денис
Published: April 2023

Розглянуто принципи формування імітованих сигналів в РЛС, що застосовуються для вирішення телеметричних завдань у режимах пошуку повітряних об’єктів. Наведено структурно-логічні схеми модулятору сигналів у площинах сканування простору та розроблено алгоритми формування модулюючої функції у режимах пошуку.
Representing Theories Of Change: Technical Challenges With Evaluation Consequences
Authors: Davies Rick
Published: April 2023

This paper looks at the technical issues associated with the representation of Theories of Change and the implications of design choices for the evaluability of those theories. The focus is on the description of connections between events, rather the events themselves, because this is seen as a widespread design weakness. Using examples and evidence from Internet sources six structural problems are described, along with their consequences for evaluation. The paper then outlines a range of different ways of addressing these problems, which could be used by programme designers, implementers and evaluators. The paper concludes with some caution, speculating on why the design problems are so endemic but also pointing a way forward. Four strands of work are identified that CEDIL and DFID could invest in to develop solutions identified in the paper.
Estimation of NO2 emission strengths over Riyadh and Madrid from space from a combination of wind-assigned anomalies and a machine learning technique
Authors: Tu Qiansi , Hase Frank , Chen Zihan , Schneider Matthias , García Omaira , Khosrawi Farahnaz , Chen Shuo , Blumenstock Thomas , Liu Fang , Qin Kai , Cohen Jason , He Qin , Lin Song , Jiang Hongyan , Fang Dianjun
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) air pollution provides
valuable information for quantifying NOx (NOx = NO + NO2) emissions
and exposures. This study presents a comprehensive method to estimate
average tropospheric NO2 emission strengths derived from 4-year (May 2018–June 2022) TROPOspheric
Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) observations by combining a wind-assigned anomaly
approach and a machine learning (ML) method, the so-called gradient descent algorithm.
This combined approach is firstly applied to the Saudi Arabian capital city of
Riyadh, as a test site, and yields a total emission rate of 1.09×1026 molec. s−1. The ML-trained anomalies fit very well with the
wind-assigned anomalies, with an R2 value of 1.0 and a slope of 0.99.
Hotspots of NO2 emissions are apparent at several sites: over a
cement plant and power plants as well as over areas along highways.
Using the same approach, an emission rate of 1.99×1025 molec. s−1 is estimated in the Madrid metropolitan area, Spain. Both the
estimate and spatial pattern are comparable with the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) inventory. Weekly variations in NO2 emission are highly related to anthropogenic
activities, such as the transport sector. The NO2 emissions were
reduced by 16 % at weekends in Riyadh, and high reductions were found near
the city center and in areas along the highway. An average weekend
reduction estimate of 28 % was found in Madrid. The regions with dominant
sources are located in the east of Madrid, where residential areas and
the Madrid-Barajas airport are located. Additionally, due to the COVID-19 lockdowns, the NO2 emissions
decreased by 21 % in March–June 2020 in Riyadh compared with the same period in 2019. A much higher reduction
(62 %) is estimated for Madrid, where a very strict lockdown policy was
implemented. The high emission strengths during lockdown only persist in the
residential areas, and they cover smaller areas on weekdays compared with weekends.
The spatial patterns of NO2 emission strengths during lockdown are
similar to those observed at weekends in both cities. Although our analysis is
limited to two cities as test examples, the method has proven to provide
reliable and consistent results. It is expected to be suitable for other
trace gases and other target regions. However, it might become challenging
in some areas with complicated emission sources and topography, and specific
NO2 decay times in different regions and seasons should be taken into
account. These impacting factors should be considered in the future model to
further reduce the uncertainty budget.
Overview: The Baltic Earth Assessment Reports (BEAR)
Authors: Meier H. E. Markus , Reckermann Marcus , Langner Joakim , Smith Ben , Didenkulova Ira
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Baltic Earth is an independent research network of scientists from
all Baltic Sea countries that promotes regional Earth system research.
Within the framework of this network, the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports
(BEARs) were produced in the period 2019–2022. These are a collection of 10 review articles summarising current knowledge on the environmental and
climatic state of the Earth system in the Baltic Sea region and its changes
in the past (palaeoclimate), present (historical period with instrumental
observations) and prospective future (until 2100) caused by natural
variability, climate change and other human activities. The division of
topics among articles follows the grand challenges and selected themes of
the Baltic Earth Science Plan, such as the regional water, biogeochemical
and carbon cycles; extremes and natural hazards; sea-level dynamics and
coastal erosion; marine ecosystems; coupled Earth system models; scenario
simulations for the regional atmosphere and the Baltic Sea; and climate
change and impacts of human use. Each review article contains an
introduction, the current state of knowledge, knowledge gaps, conclusions
and key messages; the latter are the bases on which recommendations for future research are
made. Based on the BEARs, Baltic Earth has published an information leaflet
on climate change in the Baltic Sea as part of its outreach work, which has
been published in two languages so far, and organised conferences and
workshops for stakeholders, in collaboration with the Baltic Marine
Environment Protection Commission (Helsinki Commission, HELCOM).
The Common Community Physics Package (CCPP) Framework v6
Authors: Heinzeller Dominikus , Bernardet Ligia , Firl Grant , Zhang Man , Sun Xia , Ek Michael
Published: April 2023

Abstract. The Common Community Physics Package (CCPP) is a collection of physical atmospheric parameterizations for use in Earth system models and a framework that couples the physics to a host model's dynamical core. A primary goal for this effort is to facilitate research and development of physical parameterizations and experimentation with physics–dynamics coupling methods while simultaneously offering capabilities for use in numerical weather prediction (NWP) operations. The CCPP Framework supports configurations ranging from process studies to operational NWP as it enables host models to assemble the parameterizations in flexible suites. Framework capabilities include variability in scheme call order; ability to group parameterizations for calls in different parts of the host model, allowing intervening computation or coupling to additional components; options to call some parameterizations more often than others; and automatic variable transformations. The CCPP Framework was developed by the Developmental Testbed Center and is distributed with a single-column model that can be used to test innovations and to conduct hierarchical studies in which physics and dynamics are decoupled. It is also an integral part of the Unified Forecast System, a community-based, coupled, comprehensive Earth modeling system designed to support research and be the source system for the NOAA's operational NWP applications. Finally, the CCPP Framework is under various stages of adoption by a number of other models in the wider community.
Public intention to participate in sustainable geohazard mitigation: an empirical study based on an extended theory of planned behavior
Authors: Xing Huige , Que Ting , Wu Yuxin , Hu Shiyu , Li Haibo , Li Hongyang , Skitmore Martin , Talebian Nima
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Giving full play to the public's initiative for geohazard reduction is
critical for sustainable disaster reduction under a government-led top-down
disaster governance approach. According to the public's intention to
participate in geohazard mitigation activities, this study introduces the
analytical framework of the theory of planned behavior (TPB), with
attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control as the primary
explanatory variables, with three added explanatory variables: risk
perception, disaster experience, and participation perception. Survey data obtained from 260 respondents in Jinchuan County, Sichuan
Province, China, are analyzed using structural equation modeling and
combined with multivariate hierarchical regression to test the explanatory
power of the model. The results indicate that attitude, subjective
normative, perceived behavioral control, and participatory cognition are
significant predictors of public intention to participate. Disaster
experience is negatively associated with public intention to participate. In
addition, the extended TPB model contributes 50.7 % to the explanation of
the behavioral intention of public participation. Practical suggestions and theoretical guidance are provided for
strengthening geohazard risk management and achieving sustainable disaster
reduction. In particular, it is concluded that, while correctly guiding
public awareness of disaster reduction activities, policymakers should
continue developing participatory mechanisms, paying attention to two-way
communication bridges between the public and the government, uniting social
forces, and optimizing access to resources.