bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Approaches to Resource Assessment of Bird Use Potential in the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Rakhimov Ilgizar , Ignashev Nikita , Zainullin Marat
Published: August 2023

The preservation of biodiversity of rare and endangered birds in natural and anthropogenic landscapes of the Republic of Tatarstan (RT) is becoming an important issue in the modern nature conservation activities. To date, there is no real resource assessment of the potential of using the representatives of the Red Book of the living world, namely birds. In this regard, this article presents the approaches to the selection of criteria for their assessment, based on the legislative acts, orders, articles and methods for calculating the harm caused to the wildlife of the Russian Federation (RF).
Dust suppression on industrial waste storage (on example of the waste storage of the Ulytau region)
Authors: Tseshkovskaya Yelena , Tsoy Natalya , Oralova Aigul , Obukhov Yuriy , Zakharov Alexander
Published: August 2023

The article discusses the issues of dust suppression on industrial waste storage. The dust-suppressing properties of two chemical polymer reagents in the conditions of an industrial waste storage facility in the Ulytau region are considered. Full-scale studies of the dust-suppressing properties of the claimed reagents have been carried out. Throughout the entire period of the study, atmospheric air was monitored at the border of the sanitary protection zone (SPZ) and at the experimental sites. Fine dust, as a main air pollutan has been identified. The advantages of using these reagents as fixatives for dusty waste storages are described.
Potentially toxic elements (PTE) in soils on the megaprofile Eastern Donbass – Azov sea
Authors: Fedorov Yury A. , Chepurnaya Victoria I. , Dmitrik Leonid Yu. , Dotsenko Irina V. , Mikhailenko Anna V. , Sherstnev Aleksey K.
Published: August 2023

An expedition was carried out to take soil samples of Eastern Donbass and other districts of the Rostov region. The main goal was to study the distribution of potentially toxic elements (PTE) in soils. The total content of mineral components in solid-phase samples was determined by using the X-ray fluorescence method. It was found that, according to the average concentrations, PTE`s line up in the following series: Fe>Mn>Zn>Cr>V>Cu>Ni>Pb>Co. The contents of Zn and Cu in the soil were compared by seasons. It was determined that PTE concentrations in the upper layer of soils were higher in winter than in summer. Geochemical spectra were constructed. They demonstrated that the concentration Clarks of Cr, Cu, Zn, Co, Pb exceeded the Clarks of these elements in the Earth’s crust. Against this background, Pb stands out with contrast, the concentration in the soil of which exceeds those in the earth’s crust by 2.8 times. The tightness of the relationship between the content of PTE in soil samples was calculated, which turned out to be a high straight line.
Synthesis of para-menthane 3,8 - diol from Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil for application in mosquito repellent products
Authors: Le Thi Hue , Nguyen Cong Tinh , Hoang Quang Cuong , Vu Duy Nhan
Published: August 2023

To repel mosquitoes, there have been many highly effective chemical repellent products, but they carry the potential risk of being unsafe for humans and harmful to the environment. Insect repellent products derived from natural sources that are safe for humans and environmentally friendly are becoming increasingly popular. PMD is a broad-spectrum and effective insect repellent but is present in small amounts in the Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil (EO). In this study, we investigated and evaluated the conditions for synthesizing PMD from EO raw materials in an acidic environment to achieve the highest synthesis efficiency of 76.3%, and the PMD product was 96.4% pure after being converted for 5 hours at 50°C in a 0.25% H2SO4 solution. Additionally, the study also separated the two cis and trans isomers of PMD by column chromatography and determined their structures using infrared spectroscopy (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).
The influence of COVID-19 on the transition to a more circular economy in oil-exporting countries
Authors: Akhmedov Erjan , Mukashev Yerzhan , Akhmedov Askar
Published: August 2023

The present study has attempted to systematically explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on transitioning to a more circular economy in 15 major oil-exporting countries. These countries are being explored because they deliver the highest environmental impact. Apart from the comprehensive literature review, the authors interviewed the group of 32 individuals having sufficient knowledge on the subject. The respondents provided their opinions on the main challenges that impacted the move to a more circular economy in oil-exporting countries during the COVID-19 pandemic, addressed the reasons for these challenges and suggested ways to respond to them. The consensus among the respondents was that the pandemic has slowed the transition process down and there is an urgent need to resume it. Their opinions on other topics were different, but not contradicting. Also, in addition to the frequently discussed topics, the respondents addressed those usually insufficiently considered, namely the pursuit of a luxurious lifestyle and scepticism towards relevant concepts and policies in many countries under consideration. The paper finishes with a set of recommendations aimed at early resumption and intensification of efforts on transitioning to a more circular economy in oilexporting countries.
Consumers’ acceptance of recycled products: Instrument development and pilot testing
Authors: Szilagyi Andrea , Lakatos Elena Simina , Bacali Laura
Published: August 2023

One possible solution to the issue of excessive use of natural resources is the use of recycled materials in the manufacturing of new products. Aside from the extent to which recycled materials are integrated into industrial processes, a key question to investigate is whether consumers actually value such efforts and products. Therefore, the main objective of this article is to create and test a instrument to measure customer acceptance of recycled products. A pilot test with a sample totalling 168 individuals was conducted to achieve this goal. By using an exploratory factor analysis, a final structure of three factors describing consumers' acceptance of recycled products was discovered: 1) perceived environmental benefit, 2) perceived credibility of 3) price perception.
Rural tourism potential in the development of the agriculture-industrial complex
Authors: Kovshun Nataliia , Kliuchnyk Alona , Tymchuk Svitlana , Orlenko Olena , Soloviova Olha , Horiunova Kateryna
Published: August 2023

This study explores the potential of rural tourism in the context of sustainable societal development. The demand for tourism services in the post-COVID-19 period is analyzed, as is the trend of travelers’ ability to pay for tourism services and the spectrum of tourism offerings. The objectives and directions of investment programs aimed at developing rural tourism and the issues associated with its development are identified. For 59% of European countries, rural tourism is a direct priority in their development, and 66% of European countries have state investment programs for rural tourism. The research results showed an increase in the level of travel by tourists in the post-COVID-19 period, characterized by a desire for lower costs when consuming relevant services. It has been revealed that the policy directions of countries regarding the development of rural tourism can be direct or indirect as part of the overall tourism development policy. Rural tourism offerings have several drawbacks that have led to dissatisfaction with demand, and as a result, most travelers have a desire to receive rural tourism services but do not utilize them due to the aforementioned reasons. The study forms the structure of rural tourism services based on the examples within the European Federation of Rural Tourism Offerings and potential directions and strategies for their further development.
Approaches to financing green innovations in the formation of territorial logistic infrastructure
Authors: Havrylova Nataliia , Mihai Natalia , Romanchuk Serhii , Tarasevych Olena , Zhylinska Lyudmyla , Rohoza Kostiantyn
Published: August 2023

The aim of the study is to substantiate and analyse the use of green innovation concepts in the formation of territorial logistics infrastructure. The measures for the application and financing of green innovations in the formation of logistics infrastructure, the environmental consequences of the development of logistics infrastructure, and the principles of the formation of logistics infrastructure are considered. A model for evaluating the effectiveness of green innovations, especially those related to environmental safety, is proposed. The rating of the energy infrastructure was considered, as a result of which the most “green” countries were identified, and the potential of the countries was considered for the implementation of green innovations in the formation of territorial logistics infrastructure. A SWOT analysis of the implementation of green innovations in the formation of territorial logistics infrastructure was compiled and proposed. There is a well-founded need to expand the range of green investments, which will ensure a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 65% in 2030 compared to 1990. In Ukraine, greenhouse gas emissions in 2021 were equal to 341.5 million tons, which is 7.5% more compared to 2020 but 62.5% less than the volumes of 1990. Proposed measures to reduce the negative impact of pollutants, aimed at preserving the infrastructure ecosystem, overall economic growth and strengthening the energy balance of the country.
Justification of the identification of threats and problematic components of sustainable regional development in the security dimension
Authors: Kharazishvili Yurii , Lyashenko Vyacheslav , Bugayko Dmytro , Ustinova Irina , Shevchenko Olga , Kalinin Oleksandr
Published: August 2023

The issue of substantiation of the problematic components of sustainable development in the security dimension and threat identification methodology is investigated. The methodology consists of directly combining the identification of threats with the need to observe the limits of the safe existence of dynamic economic systems, which connects the problem of sustainable development with the problem of security. The explanation of the extended homeostatic plateau, which explains the conditions for the transition to a higher technological system, or the complication of functioning and the loss of the main functions of the existing technological system, has gained further development. A theoretical substantiation of the limits of secure existence in terms of security gradations is proposed: critical, threshold, and optimal on both sides of the “extended homeostatic plateau”. Quantitative values of security gradations are associated with the extension of the “t-criterion” method for the formal determination of bifurcation points for characteristic types of distribution, that is, threats. The identification, classification, and analysis of problematic components and critical threats at the level of components and indicators were carried out, which made it possible to identify only four strategic directions of institutional measures that allow covering almost all indicators of sustainable development at the regional level.
Das Mikrobiom im Fokus
Authors: Poschwatta-Rupp Sabine
Published: August 2023

Schätzungsweise 30–40 % der Menschen mit Diabetes entwickeln eine diabetische Nierenerkrankung, die die häufigste mikrovaskuläre Komplikation und die Hauptursache der terminalen Niereninsuffizienz darstellt. Insbesondere die späteren Stadien der chronischen Nierenerkrankungen (CKD = chronic kidney disease) sind mit chronischen Entzündungszuständen assoziiert, die eine weitere Progredienz mit zunehmenden Funktionsverlusten vorantreiben. Wie lässt sich dieser Circulus vitiosus durchbrechen? Mittlerweile sind durchaus diätetische Wege bekannt, die auch in der Primärprävention verbreitet sind, um die proinflammatorische Situation positiv zu beeinflussen. Wichtige Akteure sind dabei die intestinalen Mikroben, die über ihren Stoffwechsel entscheidend zur immunologischen Homöostase beitragen.
Kann die Phytotherapie Long-/Post-Covid-Patient*innen helfen?
Authors: Niklas Anke
Published: August 2023

Einige Phytotherapeutika können auf empirischer Basis einen Therapieversuch rechtfertigen. „Meiner Erfahrung nach sind viele Long-/Post-Covid-Patient*innen dankbar, wenn sie überhaupt etwas versuchen können“, sagt Prof. Karin Kraft. Welche Phytotherapeutika infrage kommen und worauf es ankommt, erklärt sie im zkm-Interview.
Yogatherapie bei Erschöpfung und Fatigue
Authors: Peters Alexander
Published: August 2023

Erschöpfung ist ein Zustand, der bei anhaltenden und schwerwiegenden Belastungen eintritt, die nicht mehr kompensiert werden können. Neben Symptomen wie Müdigkeit oder einem Gefühl innerer Leere treten bei Erschöpfung auch körperliche Beschwerden wie Schlafstörungen oder erhöhter Blutdruck auf. Die Yogatherapie kann Betroffenen helfen, den Erschöpfungszustand zu überwinden. Durch sie lernen Erschöpfungs­patient*innen, kurzfristig ihre Körperwahrnehmung zu verbessern und Selbstfürsorge einzuüben sowie mittel- und langfristig ihre Belastbarkeit im Alltag zu erhöhen, ein Krankheitsverständnis zu entwickeln und ein neues Gleichgewicht von Leistungsfähigkeit und Entspannung zu finden.
Neue Kraft tanken mit Ayurveda – Traditionelle multimodale Behandlung von Erschöpfung und Burnout
Authors: Katharina Schiele HP Julia , Keßler Christian S.
Published: August 2023

Ayurveda bietet Menschen mit Erschöpfung oder Burnout individuell abgestimmte multimodale Therapiemöglichkeiten, um wieder in ihre Kraft zu kommen. Zentrale Bedeutung haben hierbei aufbauende, nährende, wärmende und auf Rhythmus und Stabilität ausgerichtete Maßnahmen in Lebensgestaltung und Therapie, um Geweberegeration und Resilienzförderung (rasayana) zu ermöglichen. Dazu gehören vata-reduzierende und sattva-stärkende Ernährung mit Fokus auf ojas-Aufbau und die Nutzung phytotherapeutischer Heilmittel. Gleichsam können sanfte Ausleitungsverfahren, äußere Ölanwendungen sowie beruhigende, ausgleichende Atemtechniken, Meditation und ­Yoga-Praktiken effektiv zur Regeneration beitragen. Eine realistische, kleinschrittige Herangehensweise mit ausreichend Unterstützung eines einfühlsamen Teams aus Therapeutinnen und Therapeuten und einem supportiven sozialen Umfeld unterstützen den Genesungsprozess nachhaltig.
Safety and Feasibility of Long-Distance Aeromedical Transport of Neonates and Children in Fixed-Wing Air Ambulance
Authors: Veldman Alex , Krummer Stefanie , Schwabe Dirk , Diefenbach Michael , Fischer Doris , Schmitt-Kästner Sophie , Rohrbeck Cornelia , Pannu Ruby
Published: August 2023

In cases of critical injury or illness abroad, fixed-wing air ambulance aircraft is employed to repatriate children to their home country. Air ambulance aircraft also transport children to foreign countries for treatment not locally available and newborns back home that have been born prematurely abroad. In this retrospective observational study, we investigated demographics, feasibility, and safety and outcomes of long-distance and international aeromedical transport of neonates and children. The study included 167 pediatric patients, 56 of those preterm neonates. A total of 41 patients were ventilated, 45 requiring oxygen prior to the transport, 57 transferred from an intensive care unit (ICU), and 48 to an ICU. Patients were transported by using Learjet 31A, Learjet 45, Learjet 55, and Bombardier Challenger 604, with a median transport distance of 1,008 nautical miles (NM), median transport time of 04:45 hours (median flight time = 03:00 hours), flight time ≥8 hours in 15 flights, and transport time ≥8 hours in 29 missions. All transports were accompanied by a pediatric physician/nurse team. An increase in FiO2 during the transport was documented in 47/167 patients (28%). Therapy escalation (other than increased oxygen) was reported in 18 patients, and technical adverse events in 3 patients. No patient required CPR or died during the transport. Clinical transport outcome was rated by the accompanying physician as unchanged in 163 transports, improved in 4, and deteriorated in none. In summary, international, long-distance transport of neonatal and pediatric patients performed by experienced and well-equipped transport teams is feasible. Neither major adverse events nor physician-rated clinical deteriorations were observed in this group of patients.
Tangential Excision of Keloid
Authors: Shah Ashok G. , Lalwani Nimmi R.
Published: August 2023

Twenty-nine cases of keloid were treated by tangential excision and split skin graft with good post-operative results in terms of contour, surface and colour match of the grafted area without any recurrence of the keloid.
Role of “Compartment Pressure” Measurement in Extensive Burns of Extremities
Authors: Sahi R. P. , Mahendra N. N. , Bhatnagar S. K. , Gupta S. B.
Published: August 2023

The rise in “compartment pressure”, following deep or circumferential burns of extremities, leads to production of “compartment syndrome”. The resultant reduction of perfusion pressure causes ischaemic necrosis of unburnt deeper tissues in the limbs. This can be prevented by accurate measurement of “compartment pressure” for which needle infusion technique has been used in this study. The procedure was found to be simple, cheap and reliable . To prevent ischaemic tissue necrosis the measurement of “compartment pressure” should be added to the list of parameters used for evaluating patients with thermal injury of the limbs.
Congenital Mid-Line Dermoid Sinus in Upper Lip
Authors: Saboo R. M.
Published: August 2023

Two rare cases of congenital mid-line dermoid sinus of the upper lip in a family affecting the mother and her daughter are being presented.
Compression Osteosynthesis in Craniofacial Injuries
Authors: Patel Kiran M.
Published: August 2023

A simple ingenious external bone fixator has been devised for the management of craniofacial fractures based on the assumption that the proper reduction of fractures and maintaining the fracture segment in the reduced state are very important factors in primary bone healing. The Kiran fixator helps in osteogenesis by compressing the fractured segments against each other. It can be used for the management of all types of fractures of the facial bones e.g. Lefort II, Lefort III, fractures of the naso-ethmoidal complex and mandibular fractures. The use of the fixators have convincingly improved the quality of care and the results in the group of patients treated at the plastic surgery hospital in Ahmedabad.
Role of Early Tendon Transfers in Radial Nerve Palsy
Authors: Pandey S. D. , Kumar Pramod , Chandra Ramesh , Singh Arun Kumar
Published: August 2023

Sixteen cases of wrist drop were managed by tendon transfers using Boyes Technique for early rehabilitation. The procedure was found useful both in remedial and irremedial radial nerve lesions. In the former they act as internal splints during the period of recovery. Results in high as well as in low radial nerve lesion were equally good. Patients were able to return to their original work, 6 to 8 weeks after surgery.
A Method of Managing Hemicranial Scalp Loss
Authors: Bhattacharya V. , Sinha J. K. , Tripathi F. M.
Published: August 2023

A method of management for hemicranial scalp loss is described. The contralateral hair bearing scalp is transferred anteriorly. In due course it enables the individual to cover the denuded area by natural hairs with a better aesthetic result and near normal rehabilitation in the society.
Unilateral Absence of Nose with Lateral Proboscis (A Case Report)
Authors: Yadava V. N. S. , Singh D. P.
Published: August 2023

An extremely rare congenital malformation in a male child having complete absence of the nose on the right side with unilateral proboscis arising from the supracanthal region on the same side is being reported here for favour of documentation in the literature. The morphology and embryology of this malformation has also been discussed.
The potential of secondary ion mass spectrometry for battery research
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: August 2023

An introduction to the advantages, pitfalls, and best practices of secondary ion mass spectrometry in the characterization of battery materials.
Dynamic optical spectroscopy and pyrometry of static targets under optical and x-ray laser heating at the European XFEL
Authors: Ball O. B. , Prescher C. , Appel K. , Baehtz C. , Baron M. A. , Briggs R. , Cerantola V. , Chantel J. , Chariton S. , Coleman A. L. , Cynn H. , Damker H. , Dattelbaum D. , Dresselhaus-Marais L. E. , Eggert J. H. , Ehm L. , Evans W. J. , Fiquet G. , Frost M. , Glazyrin K. , Goncharov A. F. , Husband R. J. , Hwang H. , Jaisle N. , Jenei Zs. , Kim J.-Y. , Lee Y. , Liermann H. P. , Mainberger J. , Makita M. , Marquardt H. , McBride E. E. , McHardy J. D. , McMahon M. I. , Merkel S. , Morard G. , O’Bannon E. F. , Otzen C. , Pace E. J. , Pelka A. , Pépin C. M. , Pigott J. S. , Plückthun C. , Prakapenka V. B. , Redmer R. , Speziale S. , Spiekermann G. , Strohm C. , Sturtevant B. T. , Talkovski P. , Wollenweber L. , Zastrau U. , McWilliams R. S. , Konôpková Z.
Published: August 2023

Experiments accessing extreme conditions at x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) involve rapidly evolving conditions of temperature. Here, we report time-resolved, direct measurements of temperature using spectral streaked optical pyrometry of x-ray and optical laser-heated states at the High Energy Density instrument of the European XFEL. This collection of typical experiments, coupled with numerical models, outlines the reliability, precision, and meaning of time dependent temperature measurements using optical emission at XFEL sources. Dynamic temperatures above 1500 K are measured continuously from spectrally- and temporally-resolved thermal emission at 450–850 nm, with time resolution down to 10–100 ns for 1–200 μs streak camera windows, using single shot and integrated modes. Targets include zero-pressure foils free-standing in air and in vacuo, and high-pressure samples compressed in diamond anvil cell multi-layer targets. Radiation sources used are 20-fs hard x-ray laser pulses at 17.8 keV, in single pulses or 2.26 MHz pulse trains of up to 30 pulses, and 250-ns infrared laser single pulses. A range of further possibilities for optical measurements of visible light in x-ray laser experiments using streak optical spectroscopy are also explored, including for the study of x-ray induced optical fluorescence, which often appears as background in thermal radiation measurements. We establish several scenarios where combined emissions from multiple sources are observed and discuss their interpretation. Challenges posed by using x-ray lasers as non-invasive probes of the sample state are addressed.
Multivariate recovery coupling in interdependent networks with cascading failure
Authors: Li Jie , Wang Ying , Zhong Jilong , Sun Yun , Guo Zhijun , Fu Chaoqi
Published: August 2023

Interdependent networks are susceptible to catastrophic consequences due to the interdependence between the interacting subnetworks, making an effective recovery measure particularly crucial. Empirical evidence indicates that repairing the failed network component requires resources typically supplied by all subnetworks, which imposes the multivariate dependence on the recovery measures. In this paper, we develop a multivariate recovery coupling model for interdependent networks based on percolation theory. Considering the coupling structure and the failure–recovery relationship, we propose three recovery strategies for different scenarios based on the local stability of nodes. We find that the supporting network plays a more important role in improving network resilience than the network where the repaired component is located. This is because the recovery strategy based on the local stability of the supporting nodes is more likely to obtain direct benefits. In addition, the results show that the average degree and the degree exponent of the networks have little effect on the superior performance of the proposed recovery strategies. We also find a percolation phase transition from first to second order, which is strongly related to the dependence coefficient. This indicates that the more the recovery capacity of a system depends on the system itself, the more likely it is to undergo an abrupt transition under the multivariate recovery coupling. This paper provides a general theoretical frame to address the multivariate recovery coupling, which will enable us to design more resilient networks against cascading failures.
Investigation of aerodynamic performance of Clark-Y airfoil with more realistic tubercle model and internal slots
Authors: Demirci Veysel , Seyhan Mehmet , Sarioglu Mustafa
Published: August 2023

An experimental study is conducted to research the combined effect of leading-edge (LE) tubercles and internal slots on the Clark-Y airfoil at Reynolds numbers (Re) of 5.0×104, 7.5×104, and 1.0×105 for angles of attack ranging from 0° to 30°. The Clark-Y is a cambered airfoil that performs well at low and medium Reynolds numbers, having a maximum thickness of 11.7% at 28% of the chord. Five different test models are the subjects of experiments, one of which is the baseline. The other test models are the Wavy model, which has LE tubercles, and the Wavy with three different slot positions: the Wavy-LES (leading-edge slot), the Wavy-MS (middle slot), and the Wavy-TES (trailing-edge slot). The LE tubercle geometry is formed by the sum of two sinusoidal wave functions with a realistic approach. In the present work, experimental studies are performed through force measurements, and detailed information on a 3-dimensional flow field is obtained by a surface-oil flow visualization technique. Force measurements indicate that the Wavy model delays stall and exhibits smoother stall behavior compared to the baseline. Moreover, the findings show that the lift coefficient (CL) of the Wavy model deteriorates in the pre-stall region with the inclusion of the internal slots but improves significantly in the post-stall region. Maximum improvement in CL in the post-stall region was achieved by 60% in Wavy-LES at Re of 5.0×104 as compared to the baseline. At Re of 5.0×104, Wavy and Wavy-MS present a better lift-to-drag ratio (CL/CD) than the other models in the pre-stall region, whereas the baseline is the best at Re of 1.0×105. The best CL/CD is achieved by Wavy-LES in the post-stall region, regardless of the Reynolds numbers. The variation of flow characteristics relevant to aerodynamic performance is revealed by surface oil flow visualization for all tested models.
Robust and durable self-lubricated surface by facile fabrication for anti-icing/deicing
Authors: Zhou Longpeng , Liu Aowei , Tang Jian , Han Yanan , Kang Jun , Li Yunqiang , Kuai Siwen , Xue Xiao , Chen Nana , Liu Hongtao
Published: August 2023

Undesired ice accumulation can lead to serious negative impacts on daily life and equipment safety. Slippery liquid-infused surfaces (SLISs) have been widely studied for their low ice adhesion strength (τice). However, the lack of durability, weak robustness, and complex preparation process hinder the application of SLISs. In this work, robust oil-infused porous surface (RIPS) was obtained by a facile one-step method, which used epoxy resin (E44) as a substrate and contained fumed silica and silicone oil. The RIPS-6 displays outstanding anti-icing/deicing ability, superior liquid repellency, good self-cleaning performance, and excellent mechanical robustness. At −5 °C, the water droplet remained unfrozen after 7200 s. τice was only 6.9 kPa at −20 °C and remained below 15 kPa during 10 icing cycles. Furthermore, the mixture of E44 and fumed silica enhanced the mechanical properties including the hardness (4 H) and abrasion resistance of RIPS-6. The icephobicity can be remained (τice < 40 kPa) even after 150 cycles of sandpaper abrasion at 2.5 kPa. The anti-icing and deicing coating with excellent mechanical stability and durability significantly improves the practical application possibility of the coating in harsh environments.
Linear stability of natural convection in a differentially heated shallow cavity submitted to high-frequency horizontal vibrations
Authors: Medelfef Abdessamed , Henry Daniel , Kaddeche Slim , Mokhtari Faiza , Bouarab Samia , Botton Valéry , Bouabdallah Ahcene
Published: August 2023

This study concerns the linear stability of buoyant convection induced by lateral heating inside a shallow cavity. It highlights the effects caused by submitting the flow to horizontal high-frequency vibrations. The steady-state profiles are first derived using a parallel flow approximation and studied for two types of boundaries, either thermally insulating or thermally conducting. The basic flow is found to be attenuated when subjected to horizontal high-frequency vibrations, with a faster decay in the case of thermally insulating walls than in the case of thermally conducting walls. The effects of vibrations and thermal boundary conditions are then investigated for various types of instability that may arise in such a situation, depending on the Prandtl number, such as shear, oscillatory, and thermal instabilities. It is observed that horizontal high-frequency vibrations have a stabilizing effect on all instabilities developing in such a situation and that this stabilization is generally more efficient in the case of insulating walls, for which the basic flow is attenuated more rapidly. We finally analyze the physical mechanisms that trigger these instabilities through fluctuating energy budgets at the critical thresholds.
Robustness of directed higher-order networks
Authors: Zhao Dandan , Ling Xianwen , Zhang Xiongtao , Peng Hao , Zhong Ming , Qian Cheng , Wang Wei
Published: August 2023

In complex systems, from human social networks to biological networks, pairwise interactions are insufficient to express the directed interactions in higher-order networks since the internal function is not only contained in directed pairwise interactions but rather in directed higher-order interactions. Therefore, researchers adopted directed higher-order networks to encode multinode interactions explicitly and revealed that higher-order interactions induced rich critical phenomena. However, the robustness of the directed higher-order networks has yet to receive much attention. Here, we propose a theoretical percolation model to analyze the robustness of directed higher-order networks. We study the size of the giant connected components and the percolation threshold of our proposed model by the theory and Monte-Carlo simulations on artificial networks and real-world networks. We find that the percolation threshold is affected by the inherent properties of higher-order networks, including the heterogeneity of the hyperdegree distribution and the hyperedge cardinality, which represents the number of nodes in the hyperedge. Increasing the hyperdegree distribution of heterogeneity or the hyperedge cardinality distribution of heterogeneity in higher-order networks will make the network more vulnerable, weakening the higher-order network’s robustness. In other words, adding higher-order directed edges enhances the robustness of the systems. Our proposed theory can reasonably predict the simulations for percolation on artificial and real-world directed higher-order networks.
Predicting aging transition using Echo state network
Authors: Rakshit Biswambhar , S Aryalakshmi , Kartha Arjun J. , Hens Chittaranjan
Published: August 2023

It is generally known that in a mixture of coupled active and inactive nonlinear oscillators, the entire system may stop oscillating and become inactive if the fraction of active oscillators is reduced to a critical value. This emerging phenomenon, called the “aging transition,” can be analytically predicted from the view point of cluster synchronization. One can question whether a model-free, data-driven framework based on neural networks could be used to foretell when such a system will cease oscillation. Here, we demonstrate how a straightforward ESN with trained output weights can accurately forecast both the temporal evaluation and the onset of collapse in coupled paradigmatic limit-cycle oscillators. In particular, we have demonstrated that an ESN can identify the critical fraction of inactive oscillators in a large all-to-all, small-world, and scale-free network when it is trained only with two nodes (one active and the other inactive) selected from three different pre-collapse regimes. We further demonstrate that ESN can anticipate aging transition of the network when trained with the mean-field dynamics of active and inactive oscillators.
Corrigendum to: Out-of-pocket payments: impacts on healthcare decision-making and system and individual level measures to minimise the burden
Authors: Neil Amanda L.
Published: August 2023

Out-of-pocket healthcare payments are a concern for all, particularly those least able to afford them, a situation only being exacerbated by the current cost-of-living crisis. This article aims to provide an overview of out-of-pocket payments and their impacts on decision-making: whether, or not to delay care or seek care at all. The impact of average out-of-pocket payments on demand for mental healthcare services is provided as a specific example. The available data indicate a positive linear relationship between the average out-of-pocket payments for Medicare services by type of provider, and the proportion of patients who decide not to obtain care from a given type provider. This article also poses that current safety net processes are not consumer centric, the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) Safety Net particularly so, and that change is required. It is recommended that a consumer-centric approach should be adopted with everyone listed on a Medicare card automatically included in the assessment of the Medicare and PBS Safety Nets and for the PBS Safety Net to be automatically assessed through Services Australia. Links to websites are provided to support individual decision-making and registering for available safety nets. Finally, supply side considerations and their implications for market equilibrium and the economy are briefly overviewed.
Size and strain modulation of dielectric constant on atomic bond relaxation
Authors: Liu Jin , Zhu Min , Yang Liwen , Huang Yonggang , Yang Xuexian
Published: August 2023

From the viewpoints of bond order-length-strength correlation, core–shell structural model, and local bond average approach, we examined the size and strain effects on the dielectric constant of the transition metal dichalcogenides system. Consistency in theoretical results and reported values confirms that: (i) the surface atomic coordination number deficiency and bond energy perturbation dictate the size effect of the dielectric constant for nanometric semiconductors, and (ii) the bond elongation and softening lead to the tensile strain-induced rise in dielectric constant. The analytical function of dielectric constant dependence on size and strain is beyond the scope of available approaches, which not only provides a new understanding of the physical mechanism of the dielectric response to perturbations but also is helpful in the quantitative design of optoelectronic and photovoltaic nanodevices.
Effect of oxygen vacancies on the electrical transport properties of conductive Y3Fe5O12 films at high temperature
Authors: Chen Yunhai , Luo Dianbing , Cao Xinyu , Wang Yifei , Aung Phyo , Jin Kexin , Wang Shuanhu
Published: August 2023

Oxygen vacancies doping in oxide materials is a very common means to modulate the electrical transport properties. In this work, Y3Fe5O12 (YIG) films with abundant oxygen vacancies were grown on Gd3Ga5O12 substrates by solution spin coating and high vacuum annealing method, and the effect of oxygen vacancies on the electrical transport properties was systematically studied. It was found that a large amount of oxygen vacancies doping could convert the YIG film from a good room-temperature insulator to an electrical conductor. At high temperature and high vacuum, a large number of oxygen vacancies increased the disorder of the system, resulting in the appearance of a band-tail state, thus forming a constant range hopping conduction. While when the sample was exposed to air, the oxygen vacancies in the sample would gradually recombine and disappear, and the conduction mechanism transferred to drift mode.
Active-matter isomorphs in the size-polydisperse Ornstein–Uhlenbeck Lennard–Jones model
Authors: Jespersen Daniel , Costigliola Lorenzo , Dyre Jeppe C , Saw Shibu
Published: August 2023

This paper studies size-polydisperse Lennard–Jones systems described by active Ornstein–Uhlenbeck particle (AOUP) dynamics. The focus is on the existence of isomorphs (curves of invariant structure and dynamics) in the model’s three-dimensional phase diagram. Isomorphs are traced out from a single steady-state configuration by means of the configurational-temperature method. Good isomorph invariance of the reduced-unit radial distribution function and the mean-square displacement as a function of time is demonstrated for three uniform-distribution polydispersities,

12
%

, 23%, and 29%. Comparing to active-matter isomorphs generated by the analytical direct-isomorph-check method, the latter have poorer invariance of the structure, but better invariance of the dynamics. We conclude that both methods can be used to quickly get an overview of the phase diagram of polydisperse AOUP models involving a potential-energy function obeying the hidden-scale-invariance property required for isomorph theory to apply.
A computational study of 2D group-III ternary chalcogenide monolayer compounds MNTe2 (M, N = In, Ga, Al)
Authors: Khengar S J , Parmar P R , Modi Nidhi , Thakor P B
Published: August 2023

First principle calculations of novel two-dimensional (2D) group-III ternary chalcogenide monolayer (G3TCM) compounds have been carried out using density functional theory. The 2D hexagonal structure has a honeycomb-like appearance from both the top and bottom views. Both pristine and G3TCM compounds are energetically favourable and have been found to be dynamically stable via phonon calculations. The ab-initio molecular dynamics calculations show the thermodynamical stability of the G3TCM compounds. The G3TCM compounds exhibit semiconductor behaviour with a decreased indirect bandgap compared to the pristine monolayers. Chalcogen atoms contribute mainly to the valence bands, while group-III atoms have a major contribution to the conduction band. A red shift has been observed in the absorption of light, mainly in the visible and ultraviolet regions, and the refractive index is increased compared to the pristine material. Both pristine and G3TCM compounds have been found to be more active in the ultraviolet region, and low reflection has been observed. In the 6–8 eV range of the ultraviolet region, zero reflection and the highest absorption are observed. The monolayer has shown potential applications in optoelectronics devices as an ultraviolet and visible light detector, absorber, coating material, and more. The band alignment of the 2D G3TCM monolayer is calculated to observe its photo-catalyst behaviour.
Theoretical upper limit of dislocation density in slightly-ductile single-crystal ceramics
Authors: Yasui Kyuichi , Hamamoto Koichi
Published: August 2023

Upper limit of dislocation density without fracture is numerically calculated for slightly- ductile single-crystal ceramics for which the Griffith criterion for fracture and the Bailey–Hirsch type relationship between applied stress and the dislocation density are nearly valid simultaneously in order to obtain useful information to improve functional, electrical, and mechanical properties of ceramics by the introduction of appropriate dislocations. Two models of fracture as a function of dislocation density are constructed; simple model and probability model. If the diameter of pre-existing microcracks is sufficiently small, the dislocation density could be as high as the crystallographic limit (

∼

10

18

m−2). Even if the typical diameter of pre-existing microcracks is not so small, there is some probability that the dislocation density could be as high as the crystallographic limit if the number of microcracks in the specimen is very small. Accordingly, the increase in ionic conductivity by several orders of magnitude without dendrite formation by introducing appropriate dislocations into single-crystal solid electrolytes with the dislocation density higher than about 1017 m−2 theoretically predicted by the authors may be practically possible.
Characteristic curves of the photodiode and phototransistor with Arduino
Authors: Chen Yu , Kim Hee Ra , Ahn Yu Jin , Kim Jung Bog
Published: August 2023

A simple circuit with Arduino for determining characteristic curves of the photodiode and phototransistor is described. The experimental results show that the measured I–V curves of the photodiode and phototransistor are consistent with the datasheet.
Vacuum-ultraviolet laser source for spectroscopy of trapped thorium ions
Authors: Thielking J , Zhang K , Tiedau J , Zander J , Zitzer G , Okhapkin M V , Peik E
Published: August 2023

A tunable vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) laser source based on four-wave frequency mixing in xenon is presented. Using seed radiation from two continuous-wave lasers, the system allows for precise control of the VUV frequency and is developed for the resonant laser excitation of the Th-229 nucleus to its low-energy isomeric state. The system is prepared to operate in a wide scanning range from 148 nm to 155 nm. The source produces pulses of 6–10 ns duration with up to 40 µJ energy and is coupled via a vacuum beamline to a linear radiofrequency ion trap. In a first implementation of VUV laser spectroscopy of trapped Th+ ions we excite three previously unknown resonance lines near 149 nm wavelength to electronic levels that are close to the Th-229 isomer energy. The resonances are detected and analyzed via fluorescence of the excited Th+ ions. An analysis of the lineshape is used to estimate the linewidth of the VUV radiation to be in the range of

⩽

6 GHz, dominated by phase noise that is enhanced in harmonic generation and in the four-wave mixing process. The prospects for the use of the system in nuclear laser spectroscopy of Th-229 are discussed.
Impact of tetra ethyl ortho-silicate and magnesium nitrate hexahydrate on dielectric characteristics of forsterite powder
Authors: Pandey Ankur , Sahoo Swagatadeb
Published: August 2023

Forsterite powder with different compositions of tetra ethyl ortho-silicate (TEOS) and magnesium nitrate hexahydrate (MNH) is synthesized using the sol-gel method. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) technique is used for structural analysis and phase identification for forsterite powder. Surface morphology and elemental composition of forsterite samples are also investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) techniques. In addition, an extensive study is performed to estimate the dielectric properties (dielectric constant, dielectric loss, alternating current conductivity and loss tangent) and their relationship with frequency at room temperature in the frequency range of 200 MHz–20 GHz using a vector network analyzer (VNA) assembly. Furthermore, the intense effect of TEOS and MNH on surface morphology and dielectric properties of forsterite powder is also discussed in detail by focusing on the application in medical implants.
Research on sparse identification method for aeroelastic dynamic response prediction
Authors: Yu Jiaming , Qi Hui , Li Xiangyu , Wang Kai , Guo Jing
Published: August 2023

Nonlinear aeroelastic system has the characteristics of complex structure, difficult modeling and difficult calculation of dynamic response. For the analysis of nonlinear aeroelastic systems, model identification is a very attractive method. However, the models identified by traditional methods are often relatively complex and limited in scope of use, so it is necessary to develop an interpretable equivalent reduced model. In this paper, sparse regression method and sequential threshold least squares technique are used to establish sparse identification method for complex aeroelastic systems. This method has the ability to identify reduced models containing only required nonlinear terms through measurement data. Then, the sparse identification method is used to identify the binary wing with dead zone nonlinearity and cubic stiffness nonlinearity. The obtained model can provide rapid and accurate prediction of the response of the system according to the sensor measurement, and can also be used as an explicit surrogate model for aeroelastic optimization design, thus verifying the superiority of the proposed method.
AutoEER: automatic EEG-based emotion recognition with neural architecture search
Authors: Wu Yixiao , Liu Huan , Zhang Dalin , Zhang Yuzhe , Lou Tianyu , Zheng Qinghua
Published: August 2023

Objective. Emotion recognition based on electroencephalography (EEG) is garnering increasing attention among researchers due to its wide-ranging applications and the rise of portable devices. Deep learning-based models have demonstrated impressive progress in EEG-based emotion recognition, thanks to their exceptional feature extraction capabilities. However, the manual design of deep networks is time-consuming and labour-intensive. Moreover, the inherent variability of EEG signals necessitates extensive customization of models, exacerbating these challenges. Neural architecture search (NAS) methods can alleviate the need for excessive manual involvement by automatically discovering the optimal network structure for EEG-based emotion recognition. Approach. In this regard, we propose AutoEER (Automatic EEG-based Emotion Recognition), a framework that leverages tailored NAS to automatically discover the optimal network structure for EEG-based emotion recognition. We carefully design a customized search space specifically for EEG signals, incorporating operators that effectively capture both temporal and spatial properties of EEG. Additionally, we employ a novel parameterization strategy to derive the optimal network structure from the proposed search space. Main results. Extensive experimentation on emotion classification tasks using two benchmark datasets, DEAP and SEED, has demonstrated that AutoEER outperforms state-of-the-art manual deep and NAS models. Specifically, compared to the optimal model WangNAS on the accuracy (ACC) metric, AutoEER improves its average accuracy on all datasets by 0.93%. Similarly, compared to the optimal model LiNAS on the F1 Ssore (F1) metric, AutoEER improves its average F1 score on all datasets by 4.51%. Furthermore, the architectures generated by AutoEER exhibit superior transferability compared to alternative methods. Significance. AutoEER represents a novel approach to EEG analysis, utilizing a specialized search space to design models tailored to individual subjects. This approach significantly reduces the labour and time costs associated with manual model construction in EEG research, holding great promise for advancing the field and streamlining research practices.
Two Applications of Manifold Regularization in Deep Learning Architectures
Authors: Yuan Weixuan , Zhang Chengyuan , Song Wenrui , Yang Siyi
Published: August 2023

With the rapid development of machine learning today, deep learning has shown great advantages in many fields. Due to the high cost of datasets with labels, its branch semi-supervised learning has become an important research area. However, existing semi-supervised learning methods perform poorly on extremely small datasets, for instance, only one labeled example for each class. Hence, we introduce methods that apply manifold approaches to DL(Deep Learning) and frameworks that implement the idea. Potential application scenarios were analyzed based on experiments on synthetic and real-world experiments.