bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Awareness of the benefits of ginger use among students of Nigeria army school of education, Sobi-Ilorin, Kwara State
Authors: Dominic Olufunmilola L. , Muhammad Abdullahi, M. , Seidina Iliasu Y.
Published: March 2022

The objective of this study was to determine the level of awareness, knowledge of benefits and use of ginger among the students of the Nigerian Army School of Education (NASE), Sobi-Ilorin Kwara State. The descriptive survey design was used to elucidate the awareness, knowledge of benefits and practice of ginger use. The population was all 350 students of NASE, Ilorin. They were purposively selected, from which 337 validly participated. The instrument for data collection was a validated researcher structured questionnaire. Test retest reliability was conducted and PPMC coefficient (r = 0.72) was obtained. Frequency and percentage were used for demographic data while t-test was used for testing the hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level. The result revealed that NASE, Ilorin students were highly aware of ginger, 312 (92.6%). There was significant difference between soldiers and officers in; awareness n = 337, t (335) = 4.94, p = 0.001, 2 = .007; health benefits n = 337, t (335) = 2.92, p = 0.004, 2 = .002 and performance purposes n = 337, t (335) = 2.48, p = 0.001, 2 = .002. It was concluded that majority of NASE students are aware of ginger, which they mainly consumed as drinks. Further study is necessary to ascertain the size of benefits and the best way ginger use would enhance the health and job performance of military personnel..
Narrativas e Imagens Sobre Povos Indígenas e Amazônia: Uma Perspectiva Processual da Fronteira
Authors: Pacheco de Oliveira João
Published: March 2022

Este artigo está voltado para a compreensão das representações construídas sobre os indígenas amazônicos. Servindo-nos dos instrumentos de uma teoria da fronteira, procuramos romper com a descrição histórica generalizante, apontando a diversidade de temporalidades, narrativas e regimes que singularizam esta trajetória histórica das populações autóctones da Amazônia até o momento atual. Procuramos assim identificar os processos concretos pelos quais as populações autóctones vieram a relacionar-se com o contexto colonial e a serem inseridas na formação da nação brasileira e na economia mundial.
Entre a rebeldia e a ingenuidade: representações sobre as juventudes em O que é isso, companheiro? e Batismo de Sangue
Authors: Parfentieff de Noronha Danielle
Published: March 2022

Neste trabalho, analiso as representações sobre as juventudes do período correspondente à ditadura civil-militar brasileira (1964-1985) nas narrativas do cinema brasileiro contemporâneo, com o estudo dos filmes O que é isso, companheiro? (Bruno Barreto, 1997) e Batismo de Sangue (Helvécio Ratton, 2007). A partir da disputa que envolve a memória desse período, busco desenvolver uma reflexão que leve em consideração a relação entre realidade e ficção existente em torno do tema, que pode criar, reforçar ou modificar o imaginário (social, coletivo) sobre quem foram aqueles jovens, e ainda atuar na construção de discursos imaginativos sobre a juventude do presente.
PYROLYSIS OF SOYBEAN WASTE: A ROUTE TO ACTIVATED CARBON FOR FUNGICIDE CHLOROTHALONIL CAPTURE
Authors: Noelia Marcela CEBALLOS , RIMONDINO Guido Noé , MALANCA Fabio , PELÁEZ Walter José
Published: March 2022

Soybean residues were transformed through static pyrolysis carried out at temperatures between 250 °C and 350 °C. The gaseous fraction analysis showed that the gases emanated in the pyrolysis are mainly CO2 and CO. Furthermore, it was proved that this methodology constitutes a simple way to obtain useful carbons for the capture of pesticides present in an aqueous matrix. For example, the concentration of Chlorothalonil in a 7:3 water: acetonitrile solution decreases by 76-77 % through adsorption on the carbons obtained.
OPTIMIZATION OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM WASTE VEGETABLE OIL USING Zr- OXIDE CATALYST ANCHORED ON CARBONIZED MATERIAL
Authors: BABATUNDE Esther Olubunmi , ADERIBIGBE Fatai Alade , ADEKUNLE Joseph Isaac , OLUWATOBI Paul-lasisi Joshua , ARE Comfort Temitope
Published: March 2022

The current investigation emphasizes preparing low-cost carbon-based zirconium impregnated heterogeneous catalysts from wood dust to produce biodiesel from waste vegetable oil (WVO). Response Surface Methodology via Central Composite Design (RSM-CCD) optimized the biodiesel production process. The physico-chemical properties of waste vegetable methyl ester were determined following the American Standard Testing of Materials (ASTM). The optimum conditions were observed to be 8:1 methanol/oil ratio, 5 wt% catalyst loading, 55°C temperature, and 3 h reaction time. The corresponding response was observed to be 98.39%. The catalyst morphology and elemental composition were determined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX), respectively. The experimental analysis confirmed that the synthesized catalyst from wood dust under optimized conditions can transesterify WVO into biodiesel.
Language learning strategy preferences and levels of willingness to communicate by Iranian EFL learners
Authors: Najafi Seyedeh Khadijeh , Dehghani AliPanah
Published: March 2022

The present study aims at investigating the relationship between Iranian EFL learners’ levels of willingness to communicate (WTC) and their preferences of language learning strategies.To achieve this goal, a quantitative study was carried out with 46 Iranian EFL learners majoring in English translation. The participants’WTC levels were determined through willingness to communicate (WTC) questionnaire developed by McCroskey and Richmond (2013). Oxford’s (1990) Strategy Inventory for Language Learners (SILL) was also used as another instrument to investigate the participants’ preferences of language learning strategy use.The participants were moderate strategy users. Metacognitive and cognitive strategieswere found to be used strongly by the participants of the study. It was also found that the participants were moderate regarding their willingness to communicate. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found to exist between the two variables of the study.The findings of this study have implications for teachers, students, material developers as well as course designers.
Factors that influence Translation and Interpreting technology adoption by university instructors, through the lens of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
Authors: Dianati Seb , Taptamat Nantana , Uchiyama Akiko , Akagawa Natsuko
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to use mixed methods to examine the factors that contribute to the adoption of translation and interpreting (T&I) technologies by university instructors. The qualitative outcomes aimed to ascertain which technologies are currently being used in Australian universities, in the categories of web-search, CAT, mobile and tablet, and language lab software and hardware. An infographic was used to help display the technologies in these four domains. The findings of the quantitative analysis indicate that the frequent use of T&I technologies in instructors’ current practice significantly affected their intention to use technologies in the future. However, their experiences in both teaching and using such technologies were not factors that influenced their future use. The instructors who viewed T&I technologies favourably tended to recommend these tools to their friends and family; they believed that these tools helped them improve the accuracy of their job performance and secure their current job, and generally gave them an advantage in the employment market. At the same time, the instructors in our study faced some issues in using T&I technologies, such as the accuracy of their output and the lifespan of the software. Regardless of the challenges they faced, if an instructor perceived T&I technologies to be useful, they tended to express an intention to continue to use such technologies in the future.
Sanchi: Before today (In light of Nagauri quarry and factory site)
Authors: Sachin Kr. Tiwary  , Rusav Kumar Sahu
Published: March 2022

The present paper deals with result obtained from recently conducted archaeological investigations in Kakanaya hill and Nagauri hill. The paper is a report of the archaeological exploration and scientific documentation of the Kakanaya hill and Nagauri hill. This study aims at presenting holistic understanding of the origin and development of the artistic activities in the region and to give the general information about the archaeological sites in the study area. The documented man activities will also discussed in detail. The present paper based on new interpretation regarding its importance for the development of Buddhist architecture and its cotemporary technique.
“Ministrocracia” e decisões individuais contraditórias no Supremo Tribunal Federal
Authors: Reis Ulisses Levy Silvério dos , Meyer Emilio Peluso Neder
Published: March 2022

O objetivo do artigo é questionar se a ministrocracia, categoria que busca explicar a atuação individual dos Ministros do Supremo Tribunal Federal como agentes que bloqueiam a deliberação da instituição, prejudica a legitimidade do ente de maior destaque responsável pela interpretação da Constituição Federal de 1988. Este trabalho investigará como a atuação do Ministro Dias Toffoli na Presidência (2018-2020) do órgão expandiu o cenário de decisões individuais contraditórias entre os seus membros e aumentou este problema. A pesquisa se baseou na metodologia de análise de fontes diretas e indiretas, com ênfase no acesso a relatórios da evolução decisória quantitativa do tribunal e às decisões prolatadas por seus membros, a partir do recorte temporal 2018-2020, contextualizados à luz da literatura. O trabalho foi dividido em três partes. Primeiro, investiga-se como as modificações normativas ocorridas nos anos 2000 estimularam a atuação individual dos Ministros. Segundo, analisa-se como esse fenômeno foi potencializado na gestão presidencial do biênio 2018-2020, gerando conflitos decisórios internos. Terceiro, explora-se alterações regimentais capazes de trazer maior coesão decisória à jurisprudência da Corte. Concluiu-se que o contexto de “guerra de liminares” ocorrido durante a presidência do Ministro Dias Toffoli amplificou a ministrocracia e que mudanças regimentais podem estimular a colegialidade no Supremo Tribunal Federal. A contribuição do artigo está em focar em um tema pouco explorado, mas de elevadas implicações práticas no exercício jurisdicional.
O Ministério Público no enfrentamento dos reflexos da COVID-19: uma análise acerca da sua atuação judiciale extrajudicial no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte
Authors: Silveira Raquel Maria Da Costa , Ferreira Ana Mônica Medeiros , Cavalcanti Flávio Luiz Carneiro , Holanda Haroldo Helinski
Published: March 2022

O presente estudo objetivou compreender a atuação do Ministério Público do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19 entre março e setembro de 2020. Para tanto, foi realizado o levantamento das atividades do Parquet a partir do portal de notícias do MPRN, considerando-se, na análise, o período de atuação; a classificação da medida; o tema; o recorte territorial da atuação; atores envolvidos e a etapa da política pública de cada medida analisada. Em seguida, foi possível classificar as atividades do MPRN a partir das tipologias apontadas em Goulart ; Coelho e Kozicki ; Silva e Da Ros . Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram, de um lado, a preferência pelo diálogo em torno das políticas públicas e pela atuação extrajudicial em um contexto de crise sanitária e, de outro, a existência de conflitos internos que explicitaram a discricionariedade que caracteriza a atuação do Ministério Público no Brasil. Vale ressaltar que os dados se referem à atuação noticiada pelo pela própria instituição, não abrangendo a totalidade do esforço realizado pelo MPRN no período da pesquisa.
Between The Local and the Global South: Diaspora’s Politics for the Recognition of the Armenian Genocide in Argentina 1965-2015
Authors:   Di Tella University, Artinian Juan Pablo
Published: March 2022

Historiography has analyzed the recognition of the Armenian genocide using cultural and geopolitical coordinates belonging to both Western and Non-Western societies. However, the North-South dimension of this event and its effect on the diaspora has been neglected by most of the approaches taken by Armenian studies. In this article, I will analyze how the Armenian diaspora in Argentina advocated for recognition of the Armenian genocide from 1965 to 2015. This community is not only significant in terms of population – it is the largest in the Global South – but also because its contribution to the struggle for remembrance and recognition of the Armenian genocide is unique. Argentina is one of the few countries in which the genocide has been recognized by the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government. In this article, I will analyze the specific dynamics of the Armenian-Argentine community’s local activism and its contribution to the global recognition of the genocide.1 The commemoration on April 24 in the official Argentine calendar, the recognition of the extermination of Armenians as genocide by Francis I, Roman Catholicism’s first Argentinean Pope, demonstrate the importance of the interaction between the local and global.
Over-Expression, Purification, and Characterization of Plant LeGST01, the Mammalian GST-Omega Homolog that Interacts with LeTPX1 from a Tomato cDNA Library
Authors: Fohely Firas , Sabarna Khaled Sabarna
Published: March 2022

The study focuses on an in vivo GST- omega homologue (pCRT7/TPxII intB4) over-expression, purification and characterization. Experiments purport to characterize the antioxidant activity of the LeTPx1, the interacting glutathione S-transferases BI-GST/GPx, LeGST-T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and the mammalian inhibitor of apoptosis Bcl-2. Upon specific expression, the proteins exerted, differential protective effects in yeast cells treated with lethal doses of the prooxidants hydrogen peroxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, and cumene hydroperoxide. The antioxidant activity of LeTPx1 was highest against the cumene hydroperoxide. The overexpressing GST (omega) homologue TPxintB4 (Baier and Dietz, 1999) which share a considerable homology of the mammalian GST-omega1. In conclusion, the work shows that yeast parental strains are extremely sensitive to very low concentrations (0.2mM) of Cumenehydroperoxide. However, after applying the different antioxidants; it appears that the smallest concentrations t to be tolerated.
How do we shape and navigate pathways to social accountability scale? Introducing a middle-level Theory of Change
Authors: Guerzovich Florencia , Aston Tom , Levy Brian , Chies Schommer Paula , Haines Rebecca , Cant Sue , Faria Zimmer Santos Grazielli
Published: March 2022

This CEDIL Research project paper, ‘How do we shape and navigate pathways to social accountability scale? Introducing a middle-level Theory of Change’, argues that practitioners can pursue at least three pathways to scale: the replication of best practice, through leveraging the countervailing power of resistance, and seeking resonance with existing public sector efforts.
Prototype of a Compact Detachable Zener Module for DC Voltage Standard
Authors:   National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ)/AIST, Kaneko Nobu-Hisa
Published: March 2022

We have been developing a compact Zener voltage generating system as a secondary standard of DC voltage. The main unit of the system includes a temperature-controlled Zener diode module driven with a built-in battery. The module is detachable from an expansion unit with larger battery packs for longer-time battery operation. This system realizes a compact DC voltage standard with maintaining state-of-the-art temporal stability and temperature stability performances of the output voltage. The results of the precise measurements based on a Josephson voltage standard show excellent drift characteristics within 2 ppm/year, small temperature coefficient less than 0.01 ppm/°C and negligible pressure coefficient. This DC voltage standard can be used in laboratories, inter-laboratory comparisons, and beyond such conventional purposes, the main Zener diode module can be installed in a measurement devices, such as digital multimeters, for further improvement of measurement capabilities.
Development of a Hydrostatic Weighing System for Didactic Activities
Authors:   Polytechnic University of Santa Rosa Jáuregui (UPSRJ), Jimenez Julio
Published: March 2022

There are different scientific and educational activities in which the concepts of physics can be applied to develop measurement systems that allow knowing the values of different properties for a specific purpose. Liquids have different physical and chemical properties, in this case, the physical properties, such as density, surface tension, compressibility, viscosity are of interest for different metrological activities in the same way to know some properties of solid bodies as the density is also of a very particular interest. The aforementioned characteristics have a particularity, and that is, they can be determined with the same system known as the Hydrostatic Weighing System (HWS). In the present paper we can observe the different considerations that were taken into account to assemble an HWS in the laboratory of multiple uses in the Polytechnic University of Santa Rosa Jaúregui, as well as some results when making the first measurements with the aim to use it in educational activities to prepare the students for the use of measurement systems.
How to Put Out a Fire in a Liquid Salt Bath: Dealing with the Temperature Problems with Lithium Batteries
Authors:   Exelon PowerLabs, Gordon Myles
Published: March 2022

It is not every day you have to opportunity to be both Metrologist and fire fighter. In our laboratory we were testing a specific temperature measuring device that utilized a lithium battery for power. During the testing in a liquid salt bath, the lithium battery did not take to the higher temperatures and effectively exploded. When it did, it caught the liquefied salt on fire. We had to jump into action very quickly to avoid a major disaster to our temperature lab and beyond. Consequently, this event prompted us to look our methodology for testing temperature measurement devices as a matter of safety and accuracy. Having the proper immersion depth is an important factor in obtaining an accurate measurement. However, certain parts of the device being exposed to excessive will lead to catastrophic failures. How do we safely test temperature measure devices with sacrificing quality?
Metrological Parameterization of a High Temperature Furnace Using LabView® at INM Colombia
Authors:   National Institute of Metrology INM, Automation Group Bogota DC, Colombia, Romero Parrado Jenniffer
Published: March 2022

In the Temperature and Humidity Laboratory of the Colombian National Metrology Institute (INM, for the Spanish acronym), the ISOTECH model ITL-M-17702 high temperature furnace is used to the realization of the freezing point of aluminum (660.323 °C). The furnace has a master controller which uses a PID control function to adjust the operating temperature, in agreement with the parameters set out in the laboratory’s measurement procedures. As part of the development of a knowledge-building innovation project at the INM, an automation software was designed for the remote configuration of the furnace and modular data acquisition for each of the furnace’s operational stages (heating, stabilization). LabView® platform were used to implement communications protocols for the controller and to design a master-slave programming structure. This project allows for the user to configure work parameters that include operational temperature and measurement time, with the purpose of having all data generated throughout the process recorded and stored in a reliable manner for its subsequent metrological analysis, additionally promoting the maintenance of the integrity of the furnace by avoiding the configuration errors associated with direct handling. This project is the first phase in implementing a new calibration service related to the quantity of temperature, geared towards meeting the scientific and industrial metrological needs of the country.
O PAPEL DA ODONTOLOGIA NA ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA
Authors: Barbosa Adriano Batista , Mendes Letícia Yoná Pires
Published: March 2022

Os preceitos de uma assistência em saúde universal e integral, defendidos pela Reforma Sanitária, foram amplamente incorporados à Constituição de 1988 na criação do Sistema Único de Saúde. Esse modelo de saúde encontra na Atenção Primária à Saúde a possibilidade de se tornar resolutivo e adota a Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) como proposta de reorganização da assistência. Em 2000 a Odontologia foi incorporada à ESF com o desafio de valorizar a atuação multiprofissional, trabalhar com a ampliação da clínica e adotar práticas promotoras de saúde bucal. A presente revisão narrativa de literatura baseia-se em artigos publicados nos últimos três anos, justifica-se pela importância do tema para a saúde pública e objetiva contribuir com a formação de acadêmicos em odontologia e capacitação de cirurgiões dentistas que atuam na ESF. Conclui-se que, embora inserido na equipe, o cirurgião dentista ainda adota práticas clínicas tradicionais com dificuldades de atuar de forma multiprofissional.
Ice Crystal Characterization in Cirrus Clouds III: Retrieval of Ice Crystal Shape and Roughness from Observations of Halo Displays
Authors: Forster Linda , Mayer Bernhard
Published: March 2022

Abstract. In this study, which is the third part of the HaloCam series after Forster et al. (2017) and Forster et al. (2020), we present a novel technique to retrieve quantitative information about ice crystal optical and microphysical properties making use of ground-based imaging observations of halo displays. Comparing HaloCam’s calibrated RGB images of 22° and 46° halo observations against a look-up table of simulated radiances, this technique allows the retrieval of size and shape of randomly oriented crystals as well as the fraction of smooth and rough ice crystals for cirrus clouds. We analyzed 4400 HaloCam images between September 2015 and November 2016 showing a visible 22° halo. The optical properties of hexagonal 8-element columns with a mean ice crystal effective radius of about 20 μm and a mixture of 37 % smooth and 63 % rough crystals on average best match the HaloCam observations. Implemented on different sites, HaloCam in combination with the machine-learning based halo detection algorithm HaloForest can provide a consistent dataset for climatological studies of ice crystal properties representing typical cirrus clouds. Representative ice crystal optical properties are required for remote sensing of cirrus clouds as well as climate modeling. Since ground-based passive imaging observations provide information about the forward scattering part of the ice crystal optical properties, the results of this work ideally complement the results of satellite-based and airborne studies.
Continental-scale contributions to the global CFC-11 emission increase between 2012 and 2017
Authors: Hu Lei , Montzka Stephen A. , Moore Fred , Hintsa Eric , Dutton Geoff , Siso M. Carolina , Thoning Kirk , Portmann Robert W. , McKain Kathryn , Sweeney Colm , Vimont Isaac , Nance David , Hall Bradley , Wofsy Steven
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The detection of increasing global CFC-11 emissions after 2012
alerted society to a possible violation of the Montreal Protocol on
Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (MP). This alert resulted in parties
to the MP taking urgent actions. As a result, atmospheric measurements made
in 2019 suggest a sharp decline in global CFC-11 emissions. Despite the
success in the detection and mitigation of part of this problem, regions
fully responsible for the recent global emission changes in CFC-11 have not
yet been identified. Roughly two thirds (60 ± 40 %) of the emission
increase between 2008–2012 and 2014–2017 and two thirds (60 ± 30 %) of the decline between 2014–2017 and 2019 were explained by regional
emission changes in eastern mainland China. Here, we used atmospheric CFC-11
measurements made from two global aircraft surveys – the HIAPER (High-performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research) Pole-to-Pole
Observations (HIPPO) in November 2009–September 2011 and the Atmospheric
Tomography Mission (ATom) in August 2016–May 2018, in combination with
the global CFC-11 measurements made by the US National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration during these two periods – to derive global and
regional emission changes in CFC-11. Our results suggest Asia accounted for
the largest fractions of global CFC-11 emissions in both periods: 43 (37–52) % during November 2009–September 2011 and 57 (49–62) %
during August 2016–May 2018. Asia was also primarily responsible for the
emission increase between these two periods, accounting for 86 (59–115) % of the global CFC-11 emission rise between the two periods. Besides
eastern mainland China, temperate western Asia and tropical Asia also
contributed significantly to global CFC-11 emissions during both periods and
likely to the global CFC-11 emission increase. The atmospheric observations
further provide strong constraints on CFC-11 emissions from North America
and Europe, suggesting that each of them accounted for 10 %–15 % of
global CFC-11 emissions during the HIPPO period and smaller fractions in the
ATom period. For South America, Africa, and Australia, the derived regional
emissions had larger dependence on the prior assumptions of emissions and
emission changes due to a lower sensitivity of the observations considered
here to emissions from these regions. However, significant increases in
CFC-11 emissions from southern hemispheric lands were not likely due to the
observed increase of north-to-south interhemispheric gradients in
atmospheric CFC-11 mole fractions from 2012–2017.
Relative importance of high-latitude local and long-range-transported dust for Arctic ice-nucleating particles and impacts on Arctic mixed-phase clouds
Authors: Shi Yang , Liu Xiaohong , Wu Mingxuan , Zhao Xi , Ke Ziming , Brown Hunter
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Dust particles, serving as ice-nucleating particles (INPs), may
impact the Arctic surface energy budget and regional climate by modulating
the mixed-phase cloud properties and lifetime. In addition to long-range
transport from low-latitude deserts, dust particles in the Arctic can
originate from local sources. However, the importance of high-latitude dust
(HLD) as a source of Arctic INPs (compared to low-latitude dust, LLD) and
its effects on Arctic mixed-phase clouds are overlooked. In this study, we
evaluate the contribution to Arctic dust loading and INP population from HLD and six LLD source regions by implementing a source-tagging technique for dust aerosols in version 1 of the US Department of Energy's Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SMv1). Our results show that HLD is responsible for 30.7 % of the total dust burden in the Arctic, whereas LLD from Asia and North Africa contributes 44.2 % and 24.2 %, respectively. Due to its limited vertical transport as a result of stable boundary layers, HLD contributes more in the lower troposphere, especially in boreal summer and autumn when the HLD emissions are stronger. LLD from North Africa and East Asia dominates the dust loading in the upper troposphere with peak contributions in boreal spring and winter. The modeled INP concentrations show better agreement with both ground and aircraft INP measurements in the Arctic when including HLD INPs. The HLD INPs are found to induce a net cooling effect (−0.24 W m−2 above 60∘ N) on the Arctic surface downwelling radiative flux by changing the cloud phase of the Arctic mixed-phase clouds. The magnitude of this cooling is larger than that induced by North African and East Asian dust (0.08 and −0.06 W m−2, respectively), mainly due to different seasonalities of HLD and LLD. Uncertainties of this study are discussed, which highlights the importance of further constraining the HLD emissions.
Marine CO2 system variability along the northeast Pacific Inside Passage determined from an Alaskan ferry
Authors: Evans Wiley , Lebon Geoffrey T. , Harrington Christen D. , Takeshita Yuichiro , Bidlack Allison
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Information on marine CO2 system variability has been
limited along the northeast Pacific Inside Passage despite the region's rich
biodiversity, abundant fisheries, and developing aquaculture industry.
Beginning in 2017, the Alaska Marine Highway System M/V Columbia has served as a
platform for surface underway data collection while conducting twice weekly
∼1600 km transits between Bellingham, Washington, and Skagway,
Alaska. Marine CO2 system patterns were evaluated using measurements
made over a 2-year period, which revealed the seasonal cycle as the dominant
mode of temporal variability. The amplitude of this signal varied spatially
and was modulated by the relative influences of tidal mixing, net community
production, and the magnitude and character of freshwater input. Surface
water pHT (total hydrogen ion scale) and aragonite saturation state
(Ωarag) were determined using carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2) data with
alkalinity derived from a regional salinity-based relationship, which was
evaluated using intervals of discrete seawater samples and underway pH
measurements. High-pCO2, low-pHT, and corrosive Ωarag
conditions (Ωarag<1) were seen during winter and
within persistent tidal mixing zones, and corrosive Ωarag
values were also seen in areas that receive significant glacial melt in
summer. Biophysical drivers are shown to dominate pCO2 variability over
most of the Inside Passage except in areas highly impacted by glacial melt.
pHT and Ωarag extremes were also characterized based on
degrees of variability and severity, and regional differences were evident.
Computations of the time of detection identified tidal mixing zones as
strategic observing sites with relatively short time spans required to
capture secular trends in seawater pCO2 equivalent to the contemporary
rise in atmospheric CO2. Finally, estimates of anthropogenic CO2
showed notable spatiotemporal variability. Changes in total hydrogen ion
content ([H+]T), pHT, and Ωarag over the
industrial era and to an atmospheric pCO2 level consistent with a
1.5 ∘C warmer climate were theoretically evaluated. These
calculations revealed greater absolute changes in [H+]T and
pHT in winter as opposed to larger Ωarag change in summer.
The contemporary acidification signal everywhere along the Inside Passage
exceeded the global average, with specific areas, namely Johnstone Strait
and the Salish Sea, standing out as potential bellwethers for the emergence
of biological ocean acidification (OA) impacts. Nearly half of the contemporary acidification
signal is expected over the coming 15 years, with an atmospheric CO2
trajectory that continues to be shaped by fossil–fuel development.
Impact of dust addition on the microbial food web under present and future conditions of pH and temperature
Authors: Dinasquet Julie , Bigeard Estelle , Gazeau Frédéric , Azam Farooq , Guieu Cécile , Marañón Emilio , Ridame Céline , Van Wambeke France , Obernosterer Ingrid , Baudoux Anne-Claire
Published: March 2022

Abstract. In the oligotrophic waters of the Mediterranean Sea, during the
stratification period, the microbial loop relies on pulsed inputs of
nutrients through the atmospheric deposition of aerosols from both natural
(e.g., Saharan dust), anthropogenic, or mixed origins. While the influence of dust deposition on microbial processes and community composition is still not fully constrained, the extent to which future environmental conditions will affect dust inputs and the microbial response is not known. The impact of atmospheric wet dust deposition was studied both under present and future environmental conditions (+3 ∘C warming and acidification of −0.3 pH units), through experiments in 300 L climate reactors. In total, three Saharan dust addition experiments were performed with surface seawater collected
from the Tyrrhenian Sea, Ionian Sea, and Algerian basin in the western
Mediterranean Sea during the PEACETIME (ProcEss studies at the Air–sEa Interface after dust deposition in the MEditerranean sea) cruise in May–June 2017. Top-down
controls on bacteria, viral processes, and community, as well as microbial
community structure (16S and 18S rDNA amplicon sequencing), were followed
over the 3–4 d experiments. Different microbial and viral responses to
dust were observed rapidly after addition and were, most of the time, more
pronounced when combined with future environmental conditions. The dust input of nutrients and trace metals changed the microbial ecosystem from a bottom-up limited to a top-down controlled bacterial community, likely from grazing and induced lysogeny. The relative abundance of mixotrophic microeukaryotes and phototrophic prokaryotes also increased. Overall, these results suggest that the effect of dust deposition on the microbial loop is dependent on the initial microbial assemblage and metabolic state of the tested water and that predicted warming and acidification will intensify these responses, affecting food web processes and biogeochemical cycles.
Extreme events representation in CMCC-CM2 standard and high-resolution general circulation models
Authors: Scoccimarro Enrico , Peano Daniele , Gualdi Silvio , Bellucci Alessio , Lovato Tomas , Fogli Pier Giuseppe , Navarra Antonio
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The recent advancements in climate modeling partially
build on the improvement of horizontal resolution in different components of
the simulating system. A higher resolution is expected to provide a better
representation of the climate variability, and in this work we are
particularly interested in the potential improvements in representing
extreme events of high temperature and precipitation. The two versions of
the Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC-CM2) model used here adopt the highest horizontal resolutions
available within the last family of the global coupled climate models
developed at CMCC to participate in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Projects, Phase 6 (CMIP6) effort. The main aim of this study is to document the ability of the CMCC-CM2 models
to represent the spatial distribution of extreme events of temperature
and precipitation, under the historical period, comparing model results to
observations, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis (ERA5), multi-source weighted-ensemble precipitation (MSWEP) and Climate Hazards Group infrared precipitation with station data (CHIRPS) observations. For a more
detailed evaluation we use both 6-hourly and daily time series, to compute
indices representative of intense and extreme conditions. In terms of mean climate, the two models are able to realistically reproduce
the main patterns of temperature and precipitation. The high resolution
version (1/4∘ horizontal resolution) of the atmospheric
model provides better results than the standard resolution one (1°),
not only in terms of means but also in terms of intense and extreme events
of temperature defined at daily and 6-hourly frequencies. This is also the
case of average and intense precipitation. On the other hand the extreme
precipitation is not improved by the adoption of a higher horizontal
resolution.
Sub-seasonal precipitation forecasts using preceding atmospheric intraseasonal oscillation signals in a Bayesian perspective
Authors: Li Yuan , Wu Zhiyong , He Hai , Yin Hao
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Accurate and reliable sub-seasonal precipitation forecasts remain challenging. The atmospheric intraseasonal oscillation (ISO), which is one of the leading sources of sub-seasonal predictability, could be potentially used as predictors for sub-seasonal precipitation forecasts.. However, the relationships between ISO signals and sub-seasonal precipitation are of high uncertainty. In this study, we first define potential predictors by analyzing the relationship between preceding atmospheric ISO signals and precipitation for 17 hydroclimatic regions over China during the boreal summer monsoon season. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and stepwise regression approaches are used to narrow down the number of potential predictors. A Bayesian hierarchical model is then established to predict sub-seasonal precipitation. The model performance is evaluated through a leave one-year-out cross-validation strategy for both deterministic and probabilistic forecasts. The results suggest that the statistical model we built in this study could provide skillful deterministic sub-seasonal precipitation forecasts over southeastern and southwestern hydroclimatic regions at a lead time of 20–25 days. However, the deterministic forecast skills are much lower over northeastern China, owing to the underestimation of intraseasonal variability in these regions. The probabilistic forecasts are more promising, and the results indicate that the Bayesian hierarchical model could provide skillful and reliable sub-seasonal precipitation forecasts for all hydroclimatic regions from 0-day to 25-day leads. Other sources of sub-seasonal predictability would be included in the future to further improve sub-seasonal precipitation forecast skills.
Quantifying stratospheric biases and identifying their potential sources in subseasonal forecast systems
Authors: Lawrence Zachary D. , Abalos Marta , Ayarzagüena Blanca , Barriopedro David , Butler Amy H. , Calvo Natalia , de la Cámara Alvaro , Charlton-Perez Andrew , Domeisen Daniela I. V. , Dunn-Sigouin Etienne , García-Serrano Javier , Garfinkel Chaim I. , Hindley Neil P. , Jia Liwei , Jucker Martin , Karpechko Alexey Y. , Kim Hera , Lang Andrea L. , Lee Simon H. , Lin Pu , Osman Marisol , Palmeiro Froila M. , Perlwitz Judith , Polichtchouk Inna , Richter Jadwiga H. , Schwartz Chen , Son Seok-Woo , Erner Irene , Taguchi Masakazu , Tyrrell Nicholas L. , Wright Corwin J. , Wu Rachel W.-Y.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The stratosphere can be a source of predictability for surface weather on timescales of several weeks to months. However, the potential predictive skill gained from stratospheric variability can be limited by biases in the representation of stratospheric processes and the coupling of the stratosphere with surface climate in forecast systems. This study provides a first systematic identification of model biases in the stratosphere across a wide range of subseasonal forecast systems. It is found that many of the forecast systems considered exhibit warm global mean temperature biases from the lower to middle stratosphere, too strong/cold wintertime polar vortices, and too cold extratropical upper troposphere/lower stratosphere regions. Furthermore, tropical stratospheric anomalies associated with the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation tend to decay toward each system's climatology with lead time. In the Northern Hemisphere (NH), most systems do not capture the seasonal cycle of extreme vortex event probabilities, with an underestimation of sudden stratospheric warming events and an overestimation of strong vortex events in January. In the Southern Hemisphere (SH), springtime interannual variability of the polar vortex is generally underestimated, but the timing of the final breakdown of the polar vortex often happens too early in many of the prediction systems. These stratospheric biases tend to be considerably worse in systems with lower model lid heights. In both hemispheres, most systems with low-top atmospheric models also consistently underestimate the upward wave driving that affects the strength of the stratospheric polar vortex. We expect that the biases identified here will help guide model development for sub-seasonal to seasonal forecast systems, and further our understanding of the role of the stratosphere for predictive skill in the troposphere.
RESPONSE TO LETTER TO THE EDITOR
Authors: IDRIS KHAIRIANI , YANG KAI-LIN
Published: March 2022

This is a response to the Letter to the Editor written by Lawrence M. Lesser published in this issue.
ATA DA 34ª SESSÃO ORDINÁRIA DA ACADEMIA NACIONAL DE MEDICINA, RELATIVA AO 192º ANO ACADÊMICO
Authors:   ACADEMIA NACIONAL DE MEDICINA, Costa Aboudib Jr . José Horácio
Published: March 2022

REALIZADA NO DIA 04/11/2021, QUINTA FEIRA, ÀS 18 HORAS, NA PLATAFORMA DE REUNIÕES ONLINE ZOOM MEETINGS. Presidente: Acad. Rubens Belfort Mattos Jr. Secretário-Geral: Acad. Carlos Eduardo Brandão Mello
KESULITAN GURU DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DARING MASA COVID-19 PADA KELAS IV DI MIS MANDE KOTA BIMA
Authors: Ermawati Emi , Umar Umar , Firdaus Taman , Aidin Aidin
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang kesulitan guru dalam pembelajaran daring pada kelas IV masa Covid-19 di MIS Mande Kota Bima. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan sumber data para guru wali kelas dan kepala sekolah. Tehnik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tekni wawancara, observasi dan dokumenatsi objek penelitian. Analisis data penelitian diolah secara naratif meliputi tahap reduksi data, data display dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penetilitian menunjukan bahwa guru kelas IV di MIS Mande Kota Bima mengalami berbagai kesulitan ketika menerapkan pembelajaran daring, diantaranya fasilitas tidak memadai dalam proses pembelajaran daring, peserta didik kesulitan mempelajari dan memahami materi yang banyak dalam waktu yang relatif singkat. Adapun faktor penghambat pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang dihadapi guru kelas IV di MIS Kota Bima seperti; kurangnya kuota internet sehingga pembelajaran daring tidak tercover dengan baik, peserta didik merasa jenuh selama pelajaran daring, peserta didik merasa sulit untuk mengakses internet, dan sebagian besar peserta tidak memiliki aplikasi WhatsApp sebagi penunjang pembelajaran daring. Selanjutnya untuk meminimalisir kesulitan yang dihadapi guru dalam pelaksaan pembelajaran daring pada kelas IV di MIS Mande Kota Bima, pihak sekolah dan guru melakukan beragaam upaya sederhana seperti membagun 5 TPA di setiap lingkungan agar bisa menjangkau peserta didik, melakukan kunjungan di berbagai rumah murid yang dapat di jangkau, dan membagikan kopian setiap mata pelajaran.
KONSEP PERADILAN PIDANA TERINTEGRASI DALAM PENEGAKAN HUKUM BERKEADILAN
Authors: Hajairin Hajairin
Published: March 2022

Peradilan pidana terintegrasi dalam mewujudkan penegakan hukum pidana yang berkeadilan diperlukan singkronisasi subtansi hukum pidana, struktur hukum pidana dan budaya hukum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsep peradilan pidana terintegrasi dan singkronisasi penegakan hukum pidana berkeadilan . Metode penelitian yang digunakan yakni penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, kasus, historis, konseptual dan analitis dengan sumber bahan hukum yakni Bahan hukum primer dan Bahan hukum sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum dilakukan dengan cara menganalisis asas-asas, konsepsi-konsepsi, pandangan-pandangan, doktrin-doktrin hukum serta isi kaidah hukum diperoleh, sementara teknik analisis bahan hukum yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis konseptual. Temuan dalam hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa untuk mewujudkan peradilan pidana terintegrasi diperlukan singkronisasi substansi hukum pidana, struktur hukum pidana dan budaya hukum sebagai upaya dalam mewujudkan penegakan hukum pidana berkeadilan, konsep penegakan hukum berkeadilan yakni keadilan administratif dan keadilan subtantif. Singkronisasi subtansi hukum pidana baik hukum pidana materil maupun hukum pidana formil menjadi penting dilakukan agar menghindari terjadinya konflik hukum. Singkronisasi struktur hukum memberi penjelasan bahwa semua lembaga penegak hukum seperti polisi, jaksa, hakim, advokat dan lembaga permasyarakatan, tidak boleh merasa paling benar dan saling menyalahkan antara satu dengan yang lain. Sementara budaya hukum haruslah menyatu dengan subtansi hukum dan di pertimbangkan oleh struktur hukum dalam penegakan hukum pidana.
AKTUALISASI KEWARISAN PADA NIKAH DI BAWAH TANGAN PERSEKTIF HUKUM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Hidayatullah Syarif
Published: March 2022

Persoalan kewarisan sering terjadi suatu masalah ketika berkaitan dengan jumlah serta status sebagai ahli waris, dalam sistem kewarisan di Indonesia, bahwa seseorang dapat mendapatkan warisan apabila ia memiliki kekerabatan yakni memiliki hubungan darah, serta berstatus perkawinan. Namun yang menjadi persoalan apabila perkawinan tersebut tidak memiliki status hukum yang sah secara hukum, dalam artian tidak memiliki status hukum di mata negara, hal ini mengakibatkan proses upaya seseorang dalam meminta hak nya atas kewarisannya menjadi terbatas dan malah tertutup dikarenakan tidak dimilikinya kepastian hukum bahwa ia telah mempunyai status perkawinan. Begitupun bagi kewarisan terhadap anak dari hasil perkawinan yang tidak sah tersebut atau anak hasil luar perkawinan yang dalam hukumnya hanya memiliki hubungan hukum dan kewarisan dari pihak ibu, dari hal itulah maka perlu dibahas akan persoalan yang sering hadir di masyarakat guna memperjelas status dari kewarisan dari hasil nikah di bawah tangan.
Capítulo 1. Condiciones institucionales para la práctica de la investigación académica de la comunicación: la persistencia de la triple marginalidad en México
Authors: Fuentes Navarro Raúl
Published: March 2022

Hace más de veinte años, Raúl Fuentes Navarro y Enrique E. Sánchez Ruiz (1989) dieron cuenta de que los estudios sobre comunicación en México se encontraban en una situación de «triple marginalidad»: primero, con respecto a las ciencias sociales y luego en relación con la investigación cientíﬁca más amplia (que a su vez estaba relegada de las prioridades del desarrollo). Una parte del sugestivo capítulo de Raúl Fuentes aquí incluido, a partir de datos recientes, actualiza el asunto de la «triple marginalidad» y encuentra que, a pesar de que aún se sostiene en líneas generales la hipótesis, la situación parece ir cambiando poco a poco a favor de una mayor integración y aceptación del campo de estudios de la comunicación con respecto a aquellos más antiguos y prestigiados, aunque la investigación cientíﬁca en general parece que recibe el mismo tratamiento marginal en la actualidad, que a ﬁnes de los ochenta del siglo pasado. Otro tema que trata la interesante contribución de Raúl Fuentes es el de la disciplina en relación con los estudios de comunicación. El autor cuestiona la deseabilidad de que se desarrolle tal campo disciplinario, en virtud de lo complejo y múltiple que es el objeto (o los objetos posibles) de estudio, y respalda una propuesta «post-disciplinaria», que él mismo ha estado formulando durante los últimos lustros. Aquí vemos una moción de identidad «hacia fuera» o centrífuga, en la medida en que lo que propone Raúl Fuentes es simplemente la integración de los estudios sobre comunicación a un campo más amplio, «post-disciplinario», que en principio se equipararía con una ciencia social, aún inexistente, pues en principio no equivaldría a los paradigmas «decimonónicos» heredados.
Palabras clave: triple marginalidad, México, investigación científica, comunicación, investigación académica, disciplina, estudios sobre comunicación.