bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carotid tree changes of Maxillofacial Missile injuries by Doppler sonographay - an Iraqi study
Authors: Dakhel AL- Muala Header , Mohammad Sami Suha , Kummoona Raja
Published: January 2024

Background: Injuries of the carotid artery caused by penetrating wounds of the neck are nearly 10 times as common as those caused by non penetrating trauma (1), over 10% of all penetrating neck wounds result in significant carotid artery(2) ,and more than 90% of such injuries are secondary to gunshot wounds (3). Injuries to the extra cranial carotid arteries from penetrating trauma is more likely to cause a dissection through intimae disruption and subsequent formation of a false channel and thrombus (4).Patients: Patients were selected from Maxillofacial department in the Specialized Surgeries Hospital in Baghdad . thirty patients were examined , twenty nine were male ( mean 96,66% ) ,only one female was examined ( 3,34% ) . We prepared a specially designed case sheet including , life saving procedures , type of missile , clinical examination include site of missile injuries according to Saletta JD et al 1976 (5) who classified the neck Into three zones , investigation X- ray ,C T scan. .The ultrasonographic scanning of the carotid arteries was performed, the Doppler machine was -SIEMENS â€“ sonoline ELEGRA . Using a highfrequency linear array imaging probe or transducer 7,5- 9 ( MHz) with a Hewlett packard scanner.

Methods : The ultrasonographic scanning of the carotid arteries was performed with the patient in the supine position , the examination takes 30 to 60 minutes (6,7) . Using a highfrequency= linear array imaging probe (7.5- 9 MHz) .Results : Patients age ranging from 15 â€“ 57 years and the mean was 36 years ,most cases were from age range 20-29 years ( 40%) .Eighteen patients ( 60%) were injured with bullets , twelve were injured with shell fragments ( 40 % ) , twelve ( 40%) were hand gun bullets and six ( 20%) were rifle bullets. Intimae media thicknesses of common carotid arteries were measured .Mean of IMT right was 0.7 mm and left side was 0.71 mm . While IMT of right external carotid artery was 0.71 mm , IMT of left external carotid artery was 0.75 mm . IMT of right internal carotid artery was 0.8 mm ,IMT of left internal carotid artery was 0.78 mm .Results reveled that mean of IMT of Ext. carotid artery at injured side was more thicker ( 0.79 mm) than non injured side and the mean of IMT of common carotid artery was also thicker at injured side 0.8 mm .

Conclusion: Ultrasound scanning is noninvasive, and usually painless . , there are no known harmful effects on humans , carotid Ultrasound has to be a risk free procedure . Further Ultrasound scanning gives a clear picture of soft tissues that do not show up well on X- ray images . Mean of IMT of Ext. carotid artery at injured side was more thicker ( 0.79 mm) than non injured side and the mean of IMT of common carotid artery was also thicker at injured side 0.8 mm .
Evaluation of tibial shaft fractures
Authors: J. Al-Khatteib Hussain , A. Al Fatlawy Wejdi , A. Twaij Ihsan
Published: January 2024

The tibia is the major bone of the lower leg, commonly referred to as the shin bone. Tibia fractures can occur from many types of injuries. Our study is to evaluate patients with different types of fracture shaft tibia. 53 patients were admitted to Al Hakim, Al Sadder & Al Forat hospitals, 39 males &14 females their ages range from 12-55 years were evaluated for different types of fracture shaft tibia in regard to shape of fracture, type of fracture whether open or close, cause of fracture, severity of injury, method of treatment, the complication of treatment, & the time of union & patient return to job. We found that closed fractures were more than open fractures & that healing of closed fractures in those treated operatively was earlier than those treated by cast but complication rate was less in casted group. So we recommend using cast in treatment of stable, closed fracture shaft tibia& that operative treatment is to be used for unstable, or for open fractures with sever soft tissue injury.

Aim of studyThis study is to evaluate patients wit fractures of shaft of tibia in regard to shape of fractures, type of fractures whether open or closed, cause of fractures, severity of injury whether high or low energy trauma, method of treatment, the complications of fracture & its treatment & time of union & patient return to job.
The Role Of Epidural Fentanyl In Painless Labour
Authors: Hrez Ali Al-Sudani Basim , Swadi Raheem Sahar
Published: January 2024

Background: Epidural analgesia for providing Painless normal vaginal deliveries has been developed over the last 20 years,epidural local anaesthetics was the only available option. However, cetain drugs were added with the local anaesthetics to improves the quality of analgesia.Aims : to ascertain the efficiency of fentanyl added to the epidural local anaesthetics in comparison with the use of an epidural local anaesthetics alone.Patient and methods : This study was carried out on 30 parturients prepared for painless normal vaginal delivery under epidural analgesia in Al-khuder general hospital.

Anaesthesiologist (ASA) classification were grade 1 between 20-40 of age with length taller than 160 cm.Subjects were allocated into two groups (15 patients in each group): Group A (n=15) received through an epidural catheter 8 ml lidocaine 0.75%+ 2ml normal saline for the first main dose and subsequent top up doses. Group B (n=15) received through an epidural catheter 8ml lidocaine o.75% + 20 microgram fentanyl diluted with normal saline to a total 2 ml volume for the first main dose and subsequent top up doses. Onset of action of local anaesthetic , the interval from initial bolus dose to the maternal request for additional analgesia , the number of top up doses and the neonatal condition in both groups were recorded.Results : the group B is associated with shorter onset of action , longer interval from initial bolus dose to the maternal request for additional dose and a lesser number of top up doses than group A. The effect on neonatal condition manifested by APGAR score at 5 minute after delivery is similar in both groups.conclusions : 20 microgram of fentanyl added to the usual dose of local anaesthetic epidurally is safe , effective and much better than the use of epidural local anaesthetic alone.
Immunohistochemical study of HER-2 /neu in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast
Authors: Mohammad Abbas Al-Temimi Shoroq , Baqer Hussein Al-Harmooshy Maather
Published: January 2024

This study was conducted to estimate the overexpression of HER- 2\neu protein in human breast carcinoma in comparison to benign breast lesions and to show its possible correlation to the pathological parameters (histological type, grade and age). We evaluated the available tissue blocks of 50 patients with breast lesions (38 with invasive ductal carcinoma & 5 cases with fibroadenoma , 5 cases with fibrocystic disease & 2 cases with normal tissue) who had referred to Al-diwaniya Hospital between January 2007 and December 2010 All cases were female. The mean age of the patients was 55 years (range, 33 to 77 years). The tumors were grade 1, 2, and 3 in 6 (15.7%), 19 (50%), and 13 (34.3%) cases, respectively. From 38 cases of IDC , A total of 12 (31.5%) patients were positive for overexpression of HER- 2/neu oncogene and From 12 cases of non malignant cases all of them were negative for overexpression of HER- 2/neu oncogene . The positive cases was with strong positive 3+ in 21.2% and in score 1 and 2 in 5.2% . High histologic grades of the breast IDC were associated with increased expression of HER-2/neu. There were 2 cases of HER-2/neu-positive (16.6%) with a grade 1 tumor, 4 (33.4%) with grade 2, and (50%) with grade 3 (P = .002 .There was a significant difference in HER-2/neu overexpression with the invasive ductal carcinoma and but no correlation was detected between HER-2/neu overexpression and the patientâ€™s age.

Aim of the Study: This study was conducted to estimate the overexpression of HER-2\neu protein in human breast carcinoma in comparison to benign breast lesions and to show its possible correlation to the pathological parameters ( grade and age) .
Pathogenicity islands of Escherichia coli isolated from clinical samples
Authors: Abdul-Razzak Abdul-Lateef Lamees , Sabri Abdul- Razzak Mohammad
Published: January 2024

Background:- Pathogenicity islands (PAI) are located on the chromosome; however, they can also be part of bacterial plasmid and phages . PAIs were first described in uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). Gene encoding for hemolysin, P pili, S fimbriae have been found onvarious PAIs in different E. coli strains of UTI .

Objective:- The aim of this study to investigate the some of pathogenicity islands markers of E.coli isolated from clinical samples by using molecular primer. Patients and methods:- In a total, 12 E.coli strains were collected in this study. Strains were isolated from various clinical samples by standard bacteriological methods. PCR was conducted to determine the PAIs of the isolates by using primers papC, papG(I, II), sfa, hlyC/A , iucC and PAi. The PCR amplification product were visualized by electrophoresis on 1% agarose gels for 45min at 60v. the size of theamplicons were determined by comparison to the 100 bp allelic ladder.Results: In this study, 12 isolates of Escherichia coli were genotypically characterized by PCR assay. Among isolates studies it was found that PAi is found in only one isolates (urine). PapGI is absent from all isolates while papGII is present in ten isolates mostly in urine (n=3) andvagina(n=3), papC is present in only one isolate include urine, sfa is present only in three isolates. Also, the gene hlyC/A is present in five isolates, mostly in urine(n=3), also, these positive isolates had the ability to produce extracellular hemolysin, and aerobactein gene iucC is present in eight isolates mostly in stool(n=3) and rectal(n=3).Conclusion: Each steps in the infection process can be mediated by a number of alternative virulence factors and each strain may have a  unique combination of these factors.Recommendation:- Direct molecular identification of E. coli in clinical samples.
A prospective comparison of off-flap epi-LASIK and P.R.K for correction of myopia
Authors: Kadhim Farhood Qasim
Published: January 2024

Purpose:To compare the clinical post operative results of off-flap epi- LASIK and photorefractive keratectomy (P.R.K) for the correction of myopiaMethods:In Al-Hillah teaching Hospital (Laser Unit),100 eyes of 50 patients with myopia in which off-flap epi-LASIK was done to one eye and photorefractive keratectomy (P.R.K ) was done to other eye , in epi- LASIK mechanical separation of the corneal epithelium was performed with MORIA epikeratome and alcohol assisted separation with 25 seconds application of 18% alcohol (P.R.K technique). Ablation was performed with NIDEK CXIII laser . The patients were seen daily until epithelial healing and at one, three, and six months, time to epithelial healing , haze grades and pain scales were recorded

Results:pre operative myopic spherical refraction was (-3.90 Â± 1.45 diopters ) range (-2.00 to-6.50 diopters ) , the mean time to epithelial healing was slightly longer after (P.R.K ) (4.9 Â± 0.6 days ) compared to epi-LASIK (4.20 Â± 0.56 days ). Of both techniques (P.R.K and epi-LASIK) treated eyes 94% achieved 6/6 after six months; the grades of pain and haze were nearly similar in both off-flap Epi-LASIK and P.R.KConclusions:Off-flap epi-LASIK and P.R.K offer effective correction of myopia with comparable results regarding postoperative pain and haze
The more for the less: fracture fixation tools for spine stabilization in difficult war times with analysis of modes of failure
Authors: AbdulAmeer Kitab Sameer
Published: January 2024

Iraq witnessed major war conflicts with devastating effects on the health care system .War and aftermath consequently affected standards of spine care. Patients with different spine melodies that jeopardize spine stability or neural integrity were stabilized using fracture fixation tools, that are inexpensive and were relatively available. This report describes the current application of short and long pedicle screw-plate constructs as spine stabilizers with analysis of modes of failure . Twenty two patients with grades two and three spondylolisthesis were stabilized with short single level constructs and followed for (5.3-10) years.Four patients had screw or plate failure. Long segment constructs with two segments fixed above and two segments below the index level were applied in eleven trauma and tumor cases with instability and incomplete or impending neurologic injury that jeopardize cord function .Three patients got caudal screws failure.Patients had statistically significant improvement in radiological and patient oriented outcome measures. Attaining the right biomechanical environment is more important than actual metal for fusion success andstability.
The significance of preoperative white blood cells count and ultrasonography for diagnosis of acute appendicitis
Authors: H. H.AL-amiri Majeed
Published: January 2024

Background:Appendicectomy is still the most common surgical procedure; but diagnostic failure may still occur & leads to delay in treatment or negative appendicectomy.Objectives of this study:to evaluate value of preoperative white blood cells count &ultrasonography in diagnosis of acute appendicitis Patients and methods:This study had been carried on 588 cases of acute appendicitis. Appendicectomy done for all cases. Over period of 4 years from January 2006-january 2010. the range of age was between 7-76 years.

With mean age of (41.5 years).and median age 25 years old. 366 males (62.244%) and 222 females (37.755). ultrasonography done for all patients by our radiologists. white blood cells count performed in our lab.

Results:Negative appendicectomy rate was 102 patients (17.346%) this rate was 42 patients (11.475%) for male and 60 patients (27.027%) for female patients. positive appendicitis in 486 Increase white blood cells count for acute appendicitis (histological positive result) in 388 patients (79.835%) from the 486 patients. And increase white blood cells count for non-acute appendicitis (i.e. negative histological result) in 52 patients (50.980) from the 102 patients.Conclusion:In spite of the improvement tests for acute appendicitis we could not sufficiently reduce the negative appendicectomy rate. If there is doubt about the diagnosis although leukocyte levels and altrasonographic result are normal, especially for female patients performing further radiologic examination such as CT can be favorable.
Amelioration Of Doxorubicin Induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: R Hadi Najah , J Ali Sadiq , Hinti Nadhim
Published: January 2024

The therapeutic usefulness of doxorubicin (DXR), an anthracycline antibiotic, is limited by its cardiotoxicity. The present study investigated the effects of vitamin E, carvedilol, telmisartan and omega-3 against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats using biochemical approaches . Telmisartan (1 mg/kg/day) orally, vitamin E(100 mg/kg) orally. carvedilol (10mg/kg) orally and omega-3 (20 mg/kg) orally were administered orally for 7 days followed by doxorubicin (15 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally (ip) as a single dose . Rats treated with DXR showed cardiotoxicity as evidenced by elevation of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, serum creatin kinase (CK-MB);serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level, catalase activity did not change in our study after treatment with doxorubicin . Posttreatment with vitamin E , carvidilol, omega -3 and telmisartan elicited a significant decrease in the activities of LDH and CK-MB in comparison with DXR-treated group. Furthermore , post-treatment with vitamin E , carvidilol, and telmisartan also significantly decreased lipid peroxidation (MDA level) in comparison with DXR group. These results suggest that vitamin E , carvidilol, omega -3 and telmisartan treatment provides a significant protective effect against acute-doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity in rat.
Association between vaginitis caused by staphylococcus aureus, E.coli and candida albicans and pap smear results
Authors: Al-Hillali Humady , Abdul Hussien Niran , Al- Obaidi Awas , Jasem Abdul Adheem
Published: January 2024

In this study, one-hundred vaginal swabs and cervical smears were obtained randomly from women admitted to Al-Diwaniya Maternity and Pediatrics Teaching Hospital in Al-Qadisyia Province; samples from private clinics were also included. The samples were taken from married women. Women who were pregnant, with vaginal bleeding, and who recently have used vaginal suppositories were excluded from the study. The samples were collected from November, 2010 to March, 2011. The study involved culturing and isolation of most common microorganisms that cause vaginitis and their association with cellular changes of the cervix. The most common organisms isolated were Staphylococcus aureus(29.7%) , Escherichia coli (17.6%),and Candida albicans (25.7%). These isolates were associated with cellular changes in (27.2%),(46%), and (21.1%) respectively. In comparison with patients' culture results that revealed normal flora (11%), Pap smear results were normal. The study conclude that any persistent inflammation of the cervix induced by infectious or non-infectious agents and remain untreated will progress into cervical dysplasia and then into cervical cancer. . This may be explained, when cervical metaplasia disrupted by external influences leads to disordered squamous epithelium called dysplastic epithelia. Also cytokines that are released after stimulation of immune response that is caused by bacterial infections or inflammation of various origins may have mutagenic effect and contribute to carcinogenic changes.
Preparation of Three Fasciola gigantica antigens and determination of their efficacy as a vaccine for protection against fascioliasis in Rabbits
Authors: Saleem Touma Hadeel , Sadoon Shani Wafaa
Published: January 2024

This study was included the preparation of vaccine against fascioliasis from three Fasciola gigantica antigens, somatic antigen, excretory-secretory antigen and partially purified cathepsin antigen. Their vaccine efficacy was tested in rabbits, by using 12 Lepus lepus arabica rabbit, aged 2 months, similar weight. The rabbits were subdivided to three groups each of four rabbits and was vaccinated with one antigen emulsified in freund adjuvant. In compare to control groups Which involved 4 rabbits vaccinated with PBS and other four left without vaccination, challenge infection was done by vaccination the animals with 90 metacercaria obtained from experimentally infected intermediate host. All animals were killed 12 weeks after challenge. Protein concentration of all prepared antigens and the molecular weight of P.P.CatA was also measured, which reached (1.5, 1.2 and 0.04) mg/ml in SA, ESA and P.P.CatA respectively, while P.P.CatA 26.7 KD. Protection estimated by followed number of aspects, the first aspect of this study, was the determination the hepatic damage which was evaluated using gross morphometric observations depending upon the severity and intensity of lesions. Significant differences (p<0.05) was noted between vaccinated and control groups. The second aspect was concerned with estimation of fluke number and reduction rate, the high rate (81.3%) recorded in animals vaccinated with P.P.CatA while (39.53%) of those vaccinated with SA. Significant differences (p<0.05) was documented in the length of fluke in animals vaccinated with P.P.CatA. No significant differences were noted in fluke burden (width, length, weight) and fecal egg counts, Significant differences (p<0.01) were noted in egg viability and reduction rate in the vaccinated animals in comparison with control group. ELISA was used for monitoring of IgG levels in all vaccinated and control animals, before and after infection. The IgG increased in the sera of animals vaccinated with SA, ESA and P.P.CatA within 1 week after the first injection. A boosting of the antibody responses was observed in all groups following both the second and third immunization. An increasing in the antibody titers in all vaccinated animals was observed within 2 weeks following challenge. IgG in all vaccinated groups remained high throughout the infection but decreased at approximately 6 weeks after infection, and then remained constant throughout the subsequent weeks. Antibodies to antigens in the sera of the control group increased within the first 2 to 4 weeks after infection but decreased at approximately 8 weeks and then remained constant throughout the subsequent weeks. Accordingly, the results of these aspects could be consider a P.P.CatA as a first best vaccine then secondly ESA.
Stereological study of the mid piece of ductus epididymis In human and other animal species
Authors: K. Jbara Khalida
Published: January 2024

A stereological study of a (middle piece) of ductus epididymis between normal adult human, bulls, rams, goats and buffalos was conducted using routine histological techniques. The following stereological parameters were determined; Stereocilia height, epithelial height, muscular wall thickness, lumen and tube diameters. The human epididymal stereocilia height is shorter than in goat only and higher than bulls and goats in both the epithelial height and muscular wall thickness. Human ductile diameter is smaller than in other animals. In conclusion, all human epididymal mid piece parameters in the present study differ significantly than in the other animals. Because human epididymis differs from other animals in fine structure and luminal contents, the present stereological study shows how structural data obtained from histological micrographs of the intact tissue and cells can be different between human and other animals mid peiece ductus epididymis.
Study of some microbial and Immunological parameter in patients with Urinary Tract Infection in Al- Diwanyia city
Authors: M. R. Al-khafaf Dina
Published: January 2024

From 392 isolate of UTI inpatients were collected from maternity and pediatrics teaching hospital in Al-Diwanyia city, from September 2008 to June 2010. About 37 samples gave a positive cultures. Results also showed a high increment rate of UTI in the females that males 268 (68.2%) females & 124( 31.8%) males . E. coli was the major pathogen of UTI 276 (70.4%) of total cases, the second important pathogen was Proteus spp. (15.8%) while the other causes of UTI were Candida albicans (6.12%), Staph. aureus ( 4.33%), Pseudomonas aerugenosa ( 1.53%), Streptococcus spp. (0.72%), Klebsiella spp. ( 0.5%) & Enterococcus spp. 0.5% . Immunological findings included the determiation of serum levels of IgG, IgM and IgA , Tumor necrosis factor alpha and beta were also documented . Results showed that IgG concentrations significantly increased 7.765 in patients in comparison to health control groupwhich was 1.25 , While IgM concentrations was decreased in patients (3.76) in comparison to healthy control (13.89). IgA concentrations was increased too in patients (15.73) while in control group was 2.86 . Tumor necrosis factor alpha levels was clearly increased (237.5) pg/ml in patients in comparison to control (10.5) pg/ml. Tumor necrosis factor beta concentration was also increased in patients (213.11) pg/ml and in control was (14.8) pg/ml. Thatâ€™s explain the importance of studies on UTI and the importance of using an immunological parameters to monitor the disease development and effectivity of the antimicrobial chemotherapy against such diseases.
Overexpression of mammaglobin in tissue breast carcinoma by immunohistochemistry
Authors: Mohammad Abbas Shoroq
Published: January 2024

Our purpose was to investigate the mammaglobin overexpression in tissue breast cancer and to determine its correlations with conventional prognostic parameters. There were investigated 60 patients with breast carcinoma, and slides from paraffin blocks were stained with an antibody against mammaglobin. The immunohistochemical reaction was scored based on the percentage of positive tumor cells in tumors. Positive reaction for mammaglobin was diffused cytoplasmic staining foundin 75% of tissue breast carcinoma. A significant correlation was found between the mammaglobin expression in the breast cancer and grades of the tumor. Out results suggest that mammaglobin is a good prognostic marker forbreast carcinomaAim of study:-this study was to investigate the mammaglobin overexpression in tissue breast cancer and to determine its correlations with prognostic significant.
The role of glucose tolerance test in Diwaniya population in relation to(who) criteria
Authors: Alzamili Fadhl
Published: January 2024

Recent researches into diabetes and impaired glucose metabolism has created a new array terminology And definitions relating to glucose metabolism in clinical practice. To study the role Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) in diagnosis of different hyperglycemic classess. in diwaniya. Four hundred patients were studied for the existance of diabetic state using the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test. Only (37.5%) patients had frank diabetic state after 2h OGTT. (50%) patients ranging between Impaired Fasting Glucose ( IFG), and Impaired Glucose Tolerance Test. (12.5%), patients had no diabetes. Overlap between results makes these readings not applicable for all population,therfore using 2H OGTT..is warranted.
Tumor necrosis factor-ï¡, Interleukin-10, and oxidant/ antioxidant status in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: Effect therapy, a follow up study
Authors: A-J Thanoon Imad
Published: January 2024

To evaluate the oxidant / antioxidant status (represented by serum malondialdehyde"MDA"and total antioxidant status "TAS") at diagnosis and then at two-weeks intervals during the first two months intensive therapy, with the levels of tumors necrosis factor-ï¡ (TNF- ï¡) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) before starting therapy and by the end of the 2 months therapy in newly diagnosed patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in comparison to healthy controls. Out of 52 patients interviewed and examined, only 46 patients with active PTB consented to participate in this study. Initially blood sample was taken and assay of serum MDA, TAS, TNF-ï¡ and IL-10 was done. Then patients were put on intensive 2 months therapy as 4 tablets of Rimstar Â® ( a fixed dose tablets containing isoniazid, rifampicin , pyrazinamide and ethambutol) daily. During therapy and at 2 weeks intervals, blood samples were taken and assay of serum MDA and TAS were done till the end of suggested period of the study, where assay of TNF-ï¡ and IL-10 also have been done. Included in this study also 46 healthy, non-smoker, age and sexmatched volunteers as a control group for the initial laboratory results of MDA, TAS, TNF-ï¡ and IL-10. For both patients and controls, calculation of the body mass index (BMI) was done using especial equation. There was a significant increase in the serum levels of MDA, TNF-ï¡ and IL-10, with a significant decrease in the TAS in patients with PTB in the pre-therapy stage in comparison to healthy controls. During therapy, there was a gradual increase in TAS and a gradual decrease in MDA at the 2 weeks intervals till the end of the intensive. 2-months therapy. By the end of suggested period of the study, there was a significant reduction in the serum level of MDA, TNF-ï¡ and IL-10 with a significant increase in TAS levels, in comparison to the pre-therapy stage. Acute PTB was associated with an oxidative stress and changes in some cytokines levels and the initial 2 months intensive therapy was associated with a reduction in oxidative stress (as reflected by reduction in MDA and an increase in TAS levels) and reverse the changes in TNF-ï¡ and IL-10 levels induced by the disease.
Test of efficacy of capsular polysaccharide antigen of Klebsiella pneumonia in stimulation of immune response in albino mice
Authors: F. Darwesh Mayada
Published: January 2024

The study was designed to assess in vivo the effects of capsular polysaccharide (CPS) antigen of K. pneumonia on some immunological parameters in albino mice. CPS antigen from K.pneumonia was prepared, then series concetration of wild type of bathogenic bacteria and from CPS antigen were prepared depending on LD50 value which was;1Ã—103 cfu /ml of wilde type and 1Ã—105 cfu/ ml of CPS antigens ,these concentration injected in 0.1 ml intraperetonial in mice . (phagocytosis , Arthus reaction , delayed hypersensitivity and plaque forming cells ) by use two concentration LD50 and 0.1 LD50 which was( 1Ã—105 , 1Ã—106) cfu/ ml in 0.1 ml from CPS antigensÂ« to evaluate the best concentration in stimulate immune responseÂ» and bacterial suspention in 3 mice to each test in addition to control group injected by normal saline . The results of this study confirmed that , the CPS antigen in1Ã—106 cfu/ ml concentration after 14 days from injection is the best efficient and gave highest mean in phagocytosis , delayed hypersansativity and arthus reaction , specific immunity in term of plaque forming cells was significantly increase in 1Ã—106 cfu/ ml .It is concluded that efficient immune response can be obtained by CPS from K. pneumoniae
The Effect of Inhalation Treatment on Oxidative Stress in Asthmatic Patients
Authors: A. Jabir Ferdous , N . Fijer Ali
Published: January 2024

The present study was conducted to verify the oxidative stress status in asthma patients . To achieve this aim, ninty asthmatic patients, and thirty healthy subjects (control group) were subjected to the study the sample were obatained from Babylon Asthma and Allergy Center in Hilla City .. showed The results of this study in asthmatic patients (men and menopause women ) with steroid inhalation treatment group when compared with control group showed a significant increase of Malondialdehyde (MDA) ,amd a significant decrease of super oxidase dismutase (SOD) and creatine kinase(CK) levels (P < 0.05 ) , wherease there was non significant increase in glutathione-S-transferase (GST), levels( P < 0.05) .

The results of this study for asthmatic patients (men and menopause women ) with steroid inhalation treatment group when compared with asthmatic patients without treatment indicated a significant increasing levels of super oxidase dismutase (SOD) (SOD) , glutathione-S-transferase (GST) of men (P < 0.05) , whereas there was a non significant increase in levels of creatine kinase(CK), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) of menopause women(P<0.05) but there was significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. In asthmatic patients (men and menopause women ) without treatment group when compared with those of control group estimated significant decrease of super oxidase dismutase (SOD) (SOD) and creatine kinase(CK) level ( P < 0.05) , wherease there was a non significant increase in GST but there was a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels ,( P < 0.05) . The correlation analysis indicated a non significant negative correlation in period of treatment with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and creatine kinase(CK) , as well as a non significant positive correlation for glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and malondialdehyde (MDA) .
The validity of ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in characterizing adnexal masses( prospective study )
Authors: A. Hadi Taj-Aldean Kassim
Published: January 2024

To determine whether ultrasonography and MRI images on the basis of their morphologic features and enhancement patterns. could help accurately distinguish benign adnexal masses frommalignant . Between January 2009and December 2011, prospectively studied 80 women (mean age 30 years, range 17 to 70 years) with clinically suspected adnexal masses. A single experienced sonographer performed transabdominal and transvaginal greyscale spectral and colour Doppler examinations. MRI was carried out on a 1.5T system using T1, T2 and fat-suppressed T1-weighted sequences before and after intravenous injection of gadolinium. The adnexal lesions were examined for several features including size, shape, character (solidâ€“cystic), signal intensity, and enhancement Secondary signs such as ascites, peritoneal disease, and lymphadenopathy were noted. We compared the imaging features with the surgical and pathologic findings. All MR imaging features were categorized as benign or malignant without knowledge of clinical details, according to the imaging features which were compared with the surgical and pathological findings. . Sixty four (80%) cases of benign and 16(20%) cases of malignant on histopathology .Mean age (30 year ),size of mass range from 1-14 cm .Both MRI and US correctly diagnosed 11 cases with malignant and false negative diagnosis 1 case with malignant lesion , MRI correctly diagnosed 4 cases with malignant lesions, which on US were thought to be benign ., both MRI and US correctly diagnosed 45 cases with benign lesions . MRI correctly diagnosed 18cases with benign lesion(s), which on US were thought to be malignant. For characterizing lesions as malignant, the sensitivity of MRI were 93.75 %, and of US were 68.75 % , the US features were suggestive of malignancy (large masses and solid-cystic lesions with nodules). MRI is more sensitive than US for differentiation benign and malignant adnexal masses.
Three Dimensional Study of the Architecture of the Hepatocytes of The Normal Rat Liver by Scanning Electron Microscope.
Authors: Ahmad Faris Shehab
Published: January 2024

The three dimensional study of the liver was an aim in the past to unraveling their complex functional mysteries . This scanning electron microscope study showed hepatocytes were polyhedral, multi faced, formed distinct plates of one cell thick. Three distinct facets of hepatocyte surfaces were clearly seen, canalicular surface, intercellular surface and sinusoidal surface. Livers fractured by fingers showed the three dimensions of hepatocytes clearly which were measured about 13Î¼m and 11Î¼m for length and width respectively. This result is on the contrary of the hepatocyte size that mentioned by the famous text books of histology and confirms the recent in vivo studies by the confocal electron microscope.
TIMP1, and TIMP2 Immunohistochemical staining along with different histopathological parameters of colorectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Abdul Majeed Mustafa Ibrahim , Tariq Al-Naib Khalid , E. Al- Khuri Luay
Published: January 2024

Cancer progression is a complex multi-step process. Two critical steps in tumor growth and invasion: are the proteolytic processing of the extracellular matrix environment, and the angiogenic switch enabling blood supply into the tumor. Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are a group of proteolytic enzymes that degrade components of the extracellular matrix and are implicated in tissue remodeling and tumor infiltration, while Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) inhibit activity of the MMP family and preserve stromal integrity, as a consequence, inhibiting tumor migration. More importantly, the recently documented paradoxical functions of TIMPs have not been characterized in these neoplasms. The aims of the current study were to determine whether TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 has any histopathological significance during colorectal adenocarcinoma progression. Accordingly, 35 colorectal adenocarcinoma paraffin embedded sections prepared from Iraqi patients, in addition to their respective resection margins were retrospectively collected from (liver and gastrointestinal hospital)/Baghdad. Based on immunohistochemical staining, it was found that there were a significant increase in the cellular expression of TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 in all of the 35 tumor samples compared to their respective resection margins (p<0.001, and p<0.001 respectively). Keeping in mind this up regulation of TIMP-1, and TIMP-2, was transient and reflect a host responses to the remodeling stimuli to balance the local tissue degradation process. moreover, when these 35 paraffin embedded sections were broken down according to their various histopathplogical variables, both TIMP-1, and TIMP-2, appear to negatively correlated with tumor histopathplogical variables, still only TIMP-2 revealed a significant negative correlation with both tumor stage and lymph node involvement (rs = -0.463, p<0.01; and rs = -0.482, p<0.01, respectively). In conclusion, TIMP-2 are seem to be more interesting clinical tool compared to (TIMP-1) in CRC, since, it was found to have the play maker role during Dukeâ€™s stage progression, and L.N involvement, thus they could be used as targets for therapeutic management of patients with primary colorectal adenocarcinoma.
Risk of splenic injuryassociated with fracture of 9th, 10thand 11thribsin blunt trauma
Authors: Ghadhban Alsaaedi Fadhil , Nayyef Assi Ali , Jamel Hassan Alaa
Published: January 2024

Spleen is the intra abdominal organ most frequently injured in blunt trauma ,suspension of splenic injury should be raised in any patient with blunt trauma to the abdomen and lower left side of chest(blow,fall,or sport related injury.{3}This study was done in the emergency department (ED)in ALHussein teaching hospital (ALNassiria) during 2 years( between 15thmarch2007 to 14thfeberory 2009) 96patients [ 62malesand34females].Patients present as a trauma to the abdomen and/or lower chest. 74 of those patients have rupture spleen with fracture of left lower ribs proved by chest x-ray,abdominal US and C.T scan. To evaluate percentage of splenic injury associated with fracture of left lower ribs we did such study. About 54%of those patient get splenic injury associated withfracture of 3 lower ribs and 24% of patient get splenic injury associated with fracture of 9th&10thribs and about 11% associated with single rib fracture especially10th rib and about 11% have no splenicinjury although they have fracture ribs.Patient with fracture of lower 3 ribs have high risk of splenic injury about double risk from those who have 2lower rib fracture .and triple to those who have single rib fractureespecially 10th rib which regarded most effective rib in splenic injury ,and about 11% 0f patients have no association splenic injury even some of them with 3 ribs fracture.
Fetal congenital abnormalities, types & their relationshipwith age, prtity and recurrent abortions
Authors: Shamkhi Al- Ghazali Basima
Published: January 2024

Objective : To study fetal congenital abnormalities, types and theirrelationship with age , parity and number of abortions .Design : Prospective study .Setting :Alzahraa maternity teaching hospital in Al-Najaf city .Patient : 100mothers delivered normal babies &100 mothersdelivered congenitally abnormal babies .Result : No significant relationship between fetal congenitalabnormalities with age and parity but there is a significant relationship between fetal congenital abnormalities and abortion especiallyrecurrent abortions. Conclusion : We find that there a significant relationship between fetal congenital abnormalities and abortion especially recurrent abortion and for that we adviseevery women with history of abortion for early prenatal screening and diagnostictests.
Effect of intravenous fluid supplementation on serum bilirubin level during conventional phototherapy of term infants with severe hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Omran Easa Zuhair
Published: January 2024

Background: Adequate hydration (hence good urine output ) improve the efficacy of phototherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intravenous fluid supplementation on decrease of serum bilirubin levels in jaundiced healthy term infants during conventional phototherapy. Patients and Methods: this study conducted in Karbala teaching hospital for children during the period from January 2, 2010 through December 31, 2010. Sixty four healthy breast fed neonates with non-hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia (total serum bilirubin > 18 mg/dL [308 Î¼mol/L] to < 22 mg/dL [375 Î¼mol/L ] ) were assigned randomly to receive either breast milk or bottle formula exclusively (non-supplemented group; n=32) or intravenous fluid in addition to breast milk or formula (supplemented group; n=32) during conventional phototherapy.

Results: The mean total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels at the time of enrollment and within 84 hours after phototherapy were not statistically different between two groups. Similarly, the duration of phototherapy required in both supplemented and non supplemented groups was 48hr.Conclusion: These data show that administration of extra intravenous fluid in jaundiced healthy, term, breastfed neonates have no beneficial effect on the rate of serum bilirubin reduction during conventional phototherapy.
Otomycosis associated with active chronic otitis media
Authors: R. Dekhil Kassim , S. Sayhoud Anwar , Mahdi Saja
Published: January 2024

Seventy samples from out patients seeking medical care in Al- Diwanyia teaching hospital were screened for identification of fungi associated with active chronic otitis media during June to December 2011 There were 45 (64.28%) had positive culture for fungal growth while 25 (35.71%) patients had negative culture for fungal growth. The patients from 61-70 and 71-80 years were more susceptible to fungal otitis externa than other age groups .the most common causal fungal isolates were Aspergillus niger (26.92%) followed by Candia albicans (19.24%) ,A.flavus (15.38%),A.fumigatus (11.53%),Penicillum digitatum and Cephalosporium sp (7.69%) for each one while Alternaria alternata and Rhizopus sp (5.7%) for each one .
Minimally Invasive Splenectomy for splenomegaly by traditional technique:A comparative study with conventional laparoscopic Splenectomy
Authors: A. MuhiAldeen Fadhil , H. Kasnazan Kalandar
Published: January 2024

Minimally invasive surgery is a well known advantageous technique to all health systems, it is still possible to do minimal invasive technique, without using expensive equipments and its burden regarding; cost, maintenance and other disadvantages. This study was performed to compare minimally invasive surgery with classical traditional surgical technique in the aspects of reduced post-operative pain, shorter hospital stay and shorter convalescence period. In this study our cases underwent splenectomy through small incisions, which are almost equal to laparoscopic procedures and compared to equal number of cases underwent splenectomy through classical traditional technique. Decisions for splenectomy were made by physicians for a variety of well known disease status that complete cure or improvement will be gained by splenectomy. In this study, eighteen cases were studied, from which nine were males (mean age34.3Â±20.45) and nine were females (mean age=21.6Â±15.99). Nine of them were underwent splenectomy through minimally invasive incisions, the other group splenectomized through classical traditional incisions. The first group was discharged earlier; need much lesser narcotic medication and shorter convalescence period. In summary, compared to conventional classical method approach, Minimally Invasive Splenectomy is significantly facilitates the surgical procedure, reduces the risk and difficulty in the cases of splenomegaly. So this technique is more feasible and more effective than conventional clasical method for the removing of the splenomegaly.
Antiatherosclerotic potential of aspirin: Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory approaches
Authors: R Hadi Najah , H Sahib Hussam , I Mohammad Bassim
Published: January 2024

Objective: this study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of aspirin on the progression of atherosclerosis. Materials and methods: A total of 28 local domestic rabbits were assigned to four groups: Group I (normal control), Group II (atherogenic control), Group III (vehicle control),Group IV (aspirin 10 mg\kg daily). Blood samples were collected at the end of experiment (8 weeks) for measurement of serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, plasma high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and plasma reduced glutathione (GSH). Immunohistochemical analysis (VCAM-1, MCP-1, and TNF-Î±) and histopathologic assessment of aortic atherosclerotic changes were also performed.

Results: Compared to NC, levels of lipid profile, atherogenic index, hsCRP, and MDA are increased while GSH were decreased in animals on atherogenic diet (p< 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that aortic expression of VCAM 1, MCP-1, and TNF-Î± were significantly increased in AC group compared to NC group (p<0.001). Histopathologic finding showed that animals on atherogenic diet have significant atherosclerotic lesion compared to NC group. Compared to AC group aspirin donâ€™t have significant effect on lipid profile. Aspirin causes statistically significant reduction in hsCRP and MDA (p<0.05). Aspirin treatment causes significantly increase the level of GSH. Aspirin treatment significantly reduced aortic expression of VCAM-1, MCP-1, and TNF-Î± (p<0.05). Histopathologic examination of aortic arch showed that aspirin significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesion (p<0.05).Conclusions: It thus can conclude that aspirin reduces lipid peroxidation, systemic inflammation and aortic expression of inflammatory markers used in this study and hence reduce the progression of atherosclerosis.
In vivo cytogenetic and genotoxic effects of curcumin on mouse bone marrow
Authors: Subhi Mohammed Mohammed
Published: January 2024

Objectives: Studying the cytogenetic effects of Mytomycin-C by using 2mg/kg by study of (mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus assays) on mouse bone marrow cells (in vivo) andStudying the cytogenetic effects of crude extract of Curcuma longa on mouse bone marrow cells and Studying the ability of crude extract of C. longa in reducing the genotoxic effects induced by Mytomycin-C by combination treatment on mouse bone marrow cells.Material and methodology: Administrative Arrangement: analytical study to period (1 / 5 / 2011 to1 / 1 / 2012)conducted in Al-Nahrain research Centre for biotechnology,Baghdad, Iraq . Methodology: distributed of mice on equal group each group contain five animals, negative control and injected Phosphate Buffer Solution only and positive control injecte Mitomycin - C 2mg/kg and four groups injected by ethanolic crude extract by uses concentration (400, 200, 100 and 50 mg/kg) depend on LD50 of curcumin extract and study interaction between crude extract and MMC after and befor treatment and determination of active the extract in preventiveor inhibition of side effect Mitomycin - C in vivo. Results: The results indicated that MMC has clear effects in reducing mitotic activity, increased spontaneous  chromosomal aberration and increased micronucleus in mouse bone marrow cells (in vivo), these effects suggested that the drug has a genotoxic effect, the cytogenetic effects represented by mitotic index, chromosomal aberration and micronucleus (Mitotic Index, Chromosome abberations, Micro Nucleous) on mouse bone marrow cells (in vivo) of positive control Mitomycin-C use 2mg/kg for one day and gave 1.81% for MI and 4.12% for CAs and 8.13% for MN, and the cytogenetic effects of ethanolic crude extract of Curcuma long extract by administration the animals crude ethanolic extract at different concentration (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) for 7 days i.p., 50mg/kg was choice to as best dose which there ratio considered increase Mitotic Index (5.40%) and reduce Micro Nucleous (1.801%) and Chromosome abberations (0.774%) relatively was like negative control, the Interaction effect between extract administration pre and post treatment with drug (MMC) was estimated in cytogenetic parameters on mouse bone marrow cells, which gave a protective efficient against the genotoxic effect of Mitomycin - C in mouse bone marrow cells which gave 90% for M.I and 97.55% for CAs and 97.64% for MN, this effect was more efficient in post-treatment than in pre-treatment, ethanolic crude extract of C. longa extract had genotoxic effects at high doses exess of 50 mg/kg and showed Ethanolic crude extract C. longa was considered as fundamental biomutagene in the first degree and desmutagene in second degree as a result of its ability to increase mitotic activity, decrease micronucleus frequency and repair chromosomal aberration in mouse bone marrow cells.