bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial activity of polyisoprenoids of sixteen mangrove species from North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: SUMARDI SUMARDI , BASYUNI MOHAMMAD , WATI RIDHA
Published: October 2018

Sumardi, Basyuni M, Wati R. 2018. Antimicrobial activity of polyisoprenoids of sixteen mangrove species from North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1243-1248. Mangroves including those that are distributed in the coast of North Sumatra contain polyisoprenoid with varying levels of polyprenol and dolichol constituents. Differences in polyisoprenoid levels were closely related to the salinity of sea but the information about their biological activities is scarce. The present study aimed to describe the biological activities, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antifungal effects of polyisoprenoid extracts from sixteen mangrove species of North Sumatra, Indonesia. Polyisoprenoids were isolated from mangrove leaves and tested for their antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Meanwhile, their antioxidant activity was represented by their capacity in scavenging DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free-radical agents. The most predominant polyisoprenoids found in sixteen mangrove leaf extracts was dolichols (75%). Polyprenols-dominant species, Acacia auriculiformis, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Pongamia pinnata, and Ricinus communis, and dolichols-dominant species, Avicennia lanata, Av. marina, Av. officinalis, Barringtonia asiatica, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Calophyllum inophyllum, Nypa fruticans, and Pandanus odoratissimus, inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus. However, the antioxidant activity of those sixteen mangrove species was of a weak category. Surprisingly, all other mangroves polyisoprenoid extracts did not inhibit C. albicans growth. This study suggested that polyisoprenoids in mangroves have potential antibacterial properties to be developed further.
Social capital of the community in the management of Danau Sentarum National Park, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: ROSLINDA EMI
Published: October 2018

Roslinda E. 2018. Social capital of the community in the management of Danau Sentarum National Park, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1249-1257. Many studies on the management of National Park have been conducted in various countries. This research highlights the management of Danau Sentarum National Park which is administratively located in West Kalimantan Province precisely in Kapuas Hulu District, from the view of social capital. The research method was surveyed using a quantitative approach. Social capital of the community in the area of Danau Sentarum National Park is still high/strong. Based on this fact, the management of the National Park that has been conducted by the government alone can collaborate with the management by community and collaborative management that pays a good attention to the minimum resistance and maximum synergy.
Habitat of Nepenthes spp. in the area of Sampit Botanic Gardens, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: HIDAYAT SYAMSUL , HELMANTO HENDRA , DODO DODO , PURNOMO DANANG WAHYU , SUPRIYATNA IKAR
Published: October 2018

Hidayat S, Dodo, Purnomo DW, Helmanto H, Supriyatna I. 2018. Habitat of Nepenthes spp. in the area of Sampit Botanic Gardens, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1258-1265. Nepenthes spp are protected plant and most of them are at least concern criteria. The research purpose is to explore the habitat information that supports the existence of Nepenthes in the area around Sampit Botanic Gardens, Central Kalimantan. Three different sites have been selected in this research. In each sites, seven sampling plots have been made by purposively sampling, each plot measuring 5x5 m2. In the Gelam Forest (Melaleuca quinquenervia), two Nepenthes species have been found, namely Nepenthes gracilis and Nepenthes mirabilis. In two other sites, in Peat Swamp Forest and Alang-alang Forest (Imperata cylindrica), dominated by N. mirabilis. Combretocarpus rotundatus is a tree in the Peat Swamp Forest that is mostly climbed by Nepenthes. Scleria sumatrensis and Stenochlaena palustris are two species of plants that are always found in the three research sites, but the dominant family is Melastomataceae primarily represented by Melastoma malabathricum. Nepenthes mirabilis can be found in the three research sites with an equal number, but N. gracilis was only abundant in the Gelam forest. By using imageJ software, obtained canopy cover in Gelam forest only 10%. Meanwhile, based on laboratory test, the soil in the Gelam forest is dominated by the dust fraction and is relatively more fertile than the Alang forest. In this case, Nepenthes favored open canopy, but was quite watery and relatively fertile.
Isolation, identification and diversity of oleaginous yeasts from Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: VINCENT MICKY , HUNG HUANG CHAI , BARAN PATRICIA ROWENA MARK , AZAHARI AFIZUL SAFWAN , ADENI DAYANG SALWANI AWANG
Published: October 2018

Vincent M, Hung MC, Baran PRM, Azahari AS, Adeni DSA. 2018. Isolation, identification and diversity of oleaginous yeasts from Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 19: 1266-1272. The present study was performed to isolate, identify and determine the diversity of oleaginous yeasts from various sources in Kuching, Sarawak (Malaysia). Microscopic observations via light and scanning electron microscope (SEM) indicated that the yeast isolates were in sizes ranging from 2-3 µm in width and 4-8 µm in length, typical of most unicellular ascomycotic fungi. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and molecular identification performed on the yeast isolates, targeting the D1/D2 region of the 26S rDNA, identified 6 yeast species from the 21 isolates, namely Pichia manshurica (5/21), Candida krusei (8/21), Candida parapsilosis (1/21), Pichia guilliermondii (2/21), Clavispora lusitaniae (1/21) and Kluyveromyces marxianus (4/21). All 21 yeast isolates accumulated intracellular lipids when grown in nitrogen-limited medium, as tested via Sudan IV staining. The present study is the first to document the production of lipids bodies in C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, and C. lusitaniae. Further investigations to assess the growth kinetics, lipid production efficiencies and lipids profiles of these oleaginous yeasts may provide insights into the possible utilization of these isolates for a variety of scientific, technical and industrial applications.
RAPD based molecular analysis genetic diversity of Ornithoptera croesus found in Bacan Island, Indonesia
Authors: MAS'UD ABDU , COREBIMA A.D , AMIN MOHAMMAD , ROHMAN FATCHUR
Published: October 2018

Mas'ud A, Corebima AD, Amin M, Rohman F. 2018. RAPD based molecular analysis genetic diversity of Ornithoptera croesus found in Bacan Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1273-1279. The endemic butterfly commonly known as birdwing butterfly found in Bacan island (Ornithoptera croesus) was first discovered by Wallace in 1859. The O. croesus hotspot is a nature preserve located at various altitudes around Sibela mountain. The O. croesus belongs to macrolepidoptera which is famous for their variety of body colors and typical morphology identified in female and male found at various altitude places. This study aimed to examine the genetic diversity of O. croesus at some different altitude spots in Sibela mountain using PCR-RAPD molecular analysis. The result of the DNA amplification showed high polymorphism in O. croesus (84,81). The clustering pattern indicated that O. croesus ♂ 400 meters above sea level (m asl.) and O. croesus ♀ 400 m asl. had the highest level of genetic similarity, while the lowest level of genetic similarity was observed in O. croesus ♀ 800 m asl. and O. croesus ♀ 20 m asl. On the basis of these findings, clustering pattern showed that the highest level similarity could also be found in species that live in the same altitude.
Plant diversity in traditional fruit gardens (munaans) of Benuaq and Tunjung Dayaks tribes of West Kutai, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: MATIUS PAULUS , TJWA SANTOSO JAYA MUDITA , RAHARJA MIRA , SAPRUDDIN SAPRUDDIN , NOOR SILVIANA , RUSLIM YOSEP
Published: October 2018

Matius P, Tjwa SJM, Raharja M, Sapruddin, Noor S, Ruslim Y. 2018. Plant diversity in traditional fruit gardens (munaans) of Benuaq and Tunjung Dayaks tribes of West Kutai, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1280-1288. Munaans are traditional fruit gardens of the Benuaq and Tunjung Dayaks tribes of West Kutai, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. This research was conducted in Mencimai, a Benuaq Dayak’s village and Sekolaq Darat, a Tunjung Dayak’ village. A 1.0 ha plot of old munaan lou (lembo lamin) in Mencimai Village was used as representative study site for Benuaq ethnic traditional fruit garden and 1.0 ha plot of old munaan luuq (lembo lamin) in Sekolaq Darat Village as the study site representing Tunjung ethnic fruit gardens. Index of diversity was calculated by using Shannon-Wiener (H') formulae and evenness by using Pielou. Species richness in munaan lou of Mencimai was 174 and munaan luuq of Sekolaq Darat was 165, which consisted of trees and understorey plants such as tree saplings, seedlings, shrubs, herbs, bamboos, lianas, and rattans. Diversity indices (H’) for all stage of plants within both munaan lou of Mencimai and munaan luuq of Sekolaq Darat were 4.45 and 4.21 with the evenness (E) were 0.86 and 0.82 respectively. The common species of fruit trees found in munaan lou of Mencimai were Lansium domesticum, Durio zibethinus, Nephelium sp., Artocarpus integer, Nephelium lappaceum, Baccaurea macrocarpa, and Baccaurea edulis. Meanwhile, D. zibethinus, L. domesticum, Artocarpus anisophyllus, A. integer, Nephelium uncinatum, and B. macrocarpa were the common fruit species in munaan luuq of Sekolaq Darat. The munaans serve many functions in the local context, and the local communities mainly use them as sources of fruits, wood, medicinal plants, tools, and legality of land tenure.
Short Communication: The diversity of intestinal parasitic helminths in children of Silvercity, Linden, Guyana
Authors: -MCKENZIE, JOENITTA ARTHUR , ANSARI ABDULLAH ADIL
Published: October 2018

Arthur-McKenzie J, Ansari AA. 2018. Short Communication: The diversity of intestinal parasitic helminths in children of Silvercity, Linden, Guyana. Biodiversitas 19: 1289-1293. This study was conducted in the Silvercity area, Linden, Guyana and endeavored to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic helminths in children aged 5-15 and the level of awareness of these parasitic infections among community members. Questionnaires were distributed to 30 households and 26 children which accounts for 40% of the population aged 5-15 using a simple random sampling method and tested during the months of February-April 2017. The fecal samples were collected from 26 children selected randomly and were analyzed using wet mount and formalin-ether sedimentation method. The highest age was 15 and the lowest 5, the mean age was 8. The results showed that there was a 57.6% (15/26) prevalence of intestinal parasitic helminths among children aged 5-15 within the Silvercity area. Among the parasites found, Ascaris lumbricoides was the most prevalent (38%; 10/26) followed by Enterobius vermicularis (19%; 5/26), Trichuris trichiura (15%; 4/26) and hookworm (3.8%; 1/26). Study also found that the level of awareness of transmission among community members was 40%.
Growth, histochemical and physiological responses of non-edible oil producing plant (Reutealis trisperma) to gold mine tailings
Authors: HILMI MUHAMMAD , HAMIM HAMIM , SULISTYANINGSIH YOHANA C. , TAUFIKURAHMAN TAUFIKURAHMAN
Published: October 2018

Hilmi M, Hamim H, Sulistyaningsih YC, Taufikurahman. 2018. Growth, histochemical and physiological responses of non-edible oil producing plant (Reutealis trisperma) to gold mine tailings. Biodiversitas 19: 1294-1302. Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw is a non-edible biodiesel producing plant that is able to grow well in various unfavorable environmental conditions. The study aimed to analyze the growth, physiological, and anatomical responses of R. trisperma to gold mine tailings. Three-month-old of R. trisperma were grown in 8 kg of polybags contained with mixed soil-compost medium treated with 0, 25, 50 and 100% of gold mine tailings for 3 months. Root and shoot growth, physiological and anatomical characters, and histochemical analysis of Pb inside the roots and leaves were examined. The root and shoot growth as well as chlorophyll a and b contents of R. trisperma grown in sole gold mine tailing at 100% significantly decreased, while at the lower concentration of gold mine tailings, the decrease of the growth performances was not significant, or even increased shown in that of 25% of tailing treatment. The treatment of gold mine tailing at 100% also induced lipid peroxidation, indicated by the significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the root as well as the leaves. Histochemical analysis showed that accumulation of Pb occurred both in roots as well as in leaves of R. trisperma treated with 100% of tailings. High-level tailing treatment also induced anatomical alteration in roots as well as leaves of the species. These results indicated that gold mine tailings induced oxidative stress in roots and leaves of R. trisperma resulted in growth inhibition.
The mangrove flora and their physical habitat characteristics in Bunaken National Park, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: DJAMALUDDIN RIGNOLDA
Published: October 2018

Djamaluddin R. 2018. The mangrove flora and their physical habitat characteristics in Bunaken National Park, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1303-1312. The mangrove forests of Bunaken National Park are among the most distinctive and unusual in Southeast Asia because of the species that the forests contain. This study investigated the identity and diversity of mangrove plants as well as physiographic factors and major physical processes of every type of sub-habitats. Seven surveys were conducted to collect and identify mangrove species of the park. Sub-habitats where specimen was found, aspects related to tidal inundation, nature of soil, freshwater influence and topography were observed as well as major physical processes influencing the condition of each sub-habitat. The results suggested that the park was floristically rich with at least 27 plant species and they were distributed over ten recognized sub-habitat types in different composition and diversity. Ceriops zippeliana Blume, Lumnitzera racemosa Willd, Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt., Sonneratia ovata Backer, and Camptostemon philippinense (Vidal) Becc. were found in Bunaken National Park and their presence confirmed the broader distribution limit of these species within Indo-Malesia region. A special notice was for C. philippinense as the distribution limit of this is rarely reported.
Short Communication: Morphological characterizations of Aphis passeriniana (Del Guercio) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) living on common sage in Turkey
Authors: ZARKANİ AGUSTİN , TURANLI FERİT
Published: October 2018

Zarkani A, Turanlı F. 2018. Short Communication: Morphological characterizations of Aphis passeriniana (Del Guercio) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) living on common sage in Turkey. Biodiversitas 19: 1319-1325. Aphis passeriniana (Del Guercio) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) living on sage plant in Turkey is already recorded, but some morphological characterizations are still needed to extend. Here, morphometrics data of A. passeriniana is described from apterous viviparous females (fundatrigeniae and fundatrices) attacking Salvia officinalis Linnaeus (Lamiaceae) in Turkey. Seventy specimens were collected in Izmir province between January 2015 and December 2017. The study revealed that apterous viviparous females of A. passeriniana turkish species have body lenght of 0.715-1.407 mm, rostal segment IV+V of 1.80-2.49 × hind tibia II, antennae processus terminalis/base of 1.4-1.8, siphunculus of 0.56-1.56 × cauda length and cauda of 3-6 setae. Biometric data of alate viviparous and intermediate individual between apterous and oviparous, and also a revision of identification key for the species within aphid species in Salvia are consisted.
Abundance and spatial distribution of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) larvae during east monsoon in the East Lampung waters, Indonesia
Authors: KEMBAREN DURANTA D. , ZAIRION ZAIRION , KAMAL MOHAMMAD M. , WARDIATNO YUSLI
Published: October 2018

Kembaren DD, Zairion, Kamal MM, Wardiatno Y. 2018. Abundance and spatial distribution of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) larvae during east monsoon in the East Lampung waters, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1326-1333. The blue swimming crab/BSC, Portunus pelagicus, is an economically important species in fishery industry and continuously being exploited, particularly in the East Lampung waters. BSC research in Indonesia during the last decade was only restricted to the adult phase, while research on their larval dynamics in nature has not been done yet. This study aimed to assess the abundance and the distribution of BSC larvae, and to describe their correlation to its environmental conditions. This study was conducted in June 2017 (during east monsoon) in the East Lampung waters. Sampling was done in surface water during the daylight hours on nine sites with three replicates on each site. Plankton abundance and oceanographic profile were also recorded from the same sampling site. The result from this study showed that the water quality from the environment was suitable for the development of BSC larvae. The abundance of the early-stage larvae (Z1-Z3) was relatively higher than the late-stage larvae (Z4 and M). The larval stages of BSC were dispersed and completed their development in the mid-shore and offshore waters. There was a tendency that the early-stage was more abundant in the northern part, while the late-stage was more abundant in the southern part of the study area. The highest larval abundance was found in the mid-shore, particularly in site number five, which was influenced by the water mass density and current direction during the east monsoon. Moreover, oxygen concentration and salinity of the water environment influenced the early-stage larvae abundance more than the late-stages abundance.
The impact of oil palm plantation on ecology of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) insect pollinators
Authors: SYARIFUDDIN SYARIFUDDIN , HAFNISIREGAR ELIDA , JAMBAK JASMI , SURYANI CICIK
Published: October 2018

Syarifuddin, Hafnisiregar E, Jambak J, Suryani C. 2018. The impact of oil palm plantation on ecology of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) insect pollinators. Biodiversitas 19: 1347-1351. The establishment of oil palm plantation in Sumatra was the result of massive conversion of its rainforest. Many studies have shown that oil palm plantation is a main threat to biodiversity including insect pollinators. However, its effect on the ecology of insect pollinators is still poorly studied. In this study, we investigated the impact of oil palm plantation on the species richness and composition, abundance as well as pattern of time period and duration of insect visit on rambutan, Nephelium lappaceum, flowers. Insect visitors of flowers were compared between rambutan grown in the Oil Palm Plantation (OPP) ecotone and the one in the mixed Oil Palm Garden Forest (OPGF) ecotone. Number of visiting insects on each pannicle in ten minutes period and number of flowers and pannicles visited within 2 minutes were enumerated. The length of time of a randomly selected individual of the most abundant insects visited a flower and a pannicle was also recorded. The results showed that species composition of insect visitors was different between the two ecotones and total insect abundance was significantly higher on rambutan flowers located in the OPGF ecotone compared to rambutan trees grown close to oil palm plantation. The insect visitors on rambutan flowers in the OPGF ecotone were dominated by bees while in the OPP was dominated by Calliphorid fly. Among the main pollinators, the bee Apis cerana visited far more flowers and pannicles compared to Trigona sp and Chrysomya sp. Thus, more evidence showing that oil palm plantation probably has caused the disappearance of main species of bee pollinators, reduced abundance of flower-visiting insects, change of pollinator species composition, change of the pattern of time and change the duration of insect visit of rambutan flowers.
Fauna of click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in the interfluve of Rivers Moksha and Sura, Republic of Mordovia, Russia
Authors: RUCHIN ALEXANDER B. , EGOROV LEONID V. , SEMISHIN GENNADY B.
Published: October 2018

Ruchin AB, Egorov LV, Semishin GB. 2018. Fauna of click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in the interfluve of Rivers Moksha and Sura, Republic of Mordovia, Russia. Biodiversitas 19: 1352-1365. The results of the study of fauna of click beetles in the Republic of Mordovia are presented. By now, 58 species of click beetles have been recorded here. Adrastus pallens is a new record for the republic. As per the literature information, 6 species of click beetles (Agriotes pilosellus, Melanotus crassicollis, Melanotus fusciceps, Liotrichus affinis, Pseudanostirus globicollis, Stenagostus rufus) are known and these indications require confirmation. Two species (Agriotes acuminatus, Limoniscus suturalis) are excluded from the fauna. Taking into account the literary information in the fauna of Mordovia, 64 species of Elateridae are known. Agrypnus murinus, Agriotes lineatus, Agriotes obscurus, Agriotes sputator, Dalopius marginatus, Ampedus balteatus, Ampedus pomorum, Hemicrepidius niger, Athous subfuscus, Prosternon tessellatum, Selatosomus aeneus are among the mass species. A list of the species is presented, which with a high degree of probability can still be found in the republic.
Community structure of nekton in the upstream of Wampu Watershed, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: DESRITA DESRITA , MUHTADI AHMAD , TAMBA ISTEN SWENO , ARIYANTI JENI , SIBAGARIANG RINA DRITA
Published: October 2018

Desrita, Muhtadi A, Tamba IS, Ariyanti J, Sibagariang RD. 2018. Community structure of nekton in the upstream of Wampu Watershed, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1366-1374. River is a habitat for many aquatic organisms. Water quality is the main river characteristic that strongly influences distribution pattern, biodiversity, and abundance of aquatic organisms. Nekton is aquatic organism that swims and moves actively on their desire, for example, fish, shrimp, amphibian and also big aquatic insects. The purpose of this research was to know the habitat condition and biodiversity of nekton in the upstream of Wampu watershed. The habitat condition was measured by examining the temperature, visibility, flow velocity, depth of waters, dissolved oxygen, pH, kind of substrate, the width of the river, body width of river and rate of flow of the river. The type of nekton was determined by catching the nekton using a backpack of electrofishing unit with an electric flow of 12 Volt and 9 Ampere. The upstream habitat condition of Wampu watershed was characterized by big stone, pebble, sandy type of substrate with moderate to strong current flow, and the clear aquatic. Physical and chemical parameters in upstream of Wampu watershed were still sustainable and appropriate as habitat for fish and shrimp. The result of this research showed a variety of nekton collected, comprised of 27 species of fish, five species of shrimp of inland water. Two species of fish from Tor genera, i.e., T. soro and T. tambroides were also found in this study. The highest diversity (H´) in this research site was the Bahorok River (2.12), followed by Landak River (1.93) at the second, and the lowest was Berkail River with only about 1.50 diversity index.
Diversity of urinary tract infection bacteria in children in Indonesia based on metagenomic approach
Authors: CHRISTINE GRACE , BUDIARTI SRI , ASTUTI INDRI
Published: October 2018

Christine G, Budiarti S, Astuti RI. 2018. Diversity of urinary tract infection bacteria in children in Indonesia based on metagenomic approach. Biodiversitas 19: 1375-1381. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial infection in childhood in both males and females. The infection is usually caused by bacterial invasion of the urinary tract including the lower and the upper urinary tract. In Indonesia, to the best our knowledge, the diversity of urinary tract infection bacteria has not been reported yet. Therefore, the aims of this study were to identify the diversity of both culturable and unculturable bacteria in children diagnosed with UTI. In this study, urine samples were obtained from different age groups ranging 6-17 years. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence showed eight culturable isolates (SBU1, SBU2, SBU3, SBU4, SBU5, SBU6, SBU7, SBU8) are closely related to Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Citrobacter sp. and Acinetobacter sp. with maximum identity up to 98-99%. Diversity of unculturable bacteria community based on 16S rRNA gene was represented by 9 DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis) bands. The nine respective bands showed the similarity ranging from 84 up to 96% with Klebsiella sp, Escherichia sp., Lactococcus lactic, Shigella flexneri and uncultured bacterium. Based on phylogenetic analysis, all culturable isolates belong to phylum Proteobacteria, which is dominated by family of Enterobacteriaceae. Interestingly, by using metagenomic approach, it is observed that bacteria belong to phylum Firmicutes were found in the UTI-diagnosed patients, in addition to those bacterial isolates from phylum Proteobacteria. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the occurrence of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in UTI-diagnosed patients in Indonesia.
Molecular phylogenetic inference of White-Spotted Guitarfish (Rhynchobatus australiae) collected from local Malaysian fish markets
Authors: MD-ZAIN BADRUL MUNIR , ABDUL-MUTALIB SHAHIDATINA AISHAH
Published: October 2018

Md-Zain BM, Abdul-Mutalib SA, Aifat NR, Masstor NH, Mohd-Yusof NS, Mohd-Hashim A, Abdul-Latiff MAB, Yaakop S, Samat A. 2018. Molecular phylogenetic inference of White-Spotted Guitarfish (Rhynchobatus australiae) collected from local Malaysian fish markets. Biodiversitas 19: 1382-1386. The white-spotted guitarfish (Rhynchobatus australiae) is in high demand at local Malaysian fish markets because its fins are a valuable food source. To date, few molecular studies have characterized their genetic identity. We have conducted a molecular study to infer the phylogenetic relationships of white-spotted guitarfish, which portray a similar morphology to sharks and rays. The main objective of this study was to determine the phylogenetic position of R. australiae using cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequences of mitochondrial DNA based on fish samples collected from local Malaysian fish markets. This study included nine genetic samples of R. australiae and fourteen samples from other members of the shark and ray families, including Sphyrna lewini (Sphyrnidae), Rhizoprionodon oligolinx and Carcharhinus sorrah (Carcharhinidae), Dasyatis zugei, Himantura walga, Himantura gerradi, Himantura jenkinsii and Neotrygon kuhlii (Dasyatidae). Chimaera fulva, a member of the Chimaera family, was used as the outgroup. Sequences in size of ~701 base pairs were successfully obtained from all fish samples. The phylogenetic tree topology was reconstructed using distance-based (neighbor-joining) and character-based (maximum parsimony) methods using MEGA and PAUP software. Results indicated that R. australiae formed monophyletic clade and is closely related to sharks (Sphyrnidae and Carcharhinidae). This conclusion was also supported by genetic distance analysis which indicated that Rhynchobatidae and sharks (Carcharhinidae and Sphyrnidae) were closer to each other than to rays (Dasyatidae). This study has proven the efficiency of the COI mitochondrial locus in revealing the phylogenetic position of R. australiae. Research findings from this study have increased our understanding of the phylogenetic relationships among guitarfish, sharks, and rays, and their respective taxonomic positions are given their shared morphological characters. This will benefit us in identifying these fish species before consumption from local fish markets.
Carbon mineralization dynamics of tropical peats in relation to peat characteristics
Authors: SAIDY AKHMAD R. , MARIANA ZURAIDA T. , ADJI FENGKY A. , NUSANTARA ROSSIE W. , FITRIA IRMA , SYAHRINUDIN SYAHRINUDIN
Published: October 2018

Saidy AR, Mariana ZT, Adji FA, Nusantara RW, Fitria I, Syahrinudin. 2018. Carbon mineralization dynamics of tropical peats in relation to peat characteristics. Biodiversitas 19: 1413-1421. Understanding the dynamics of carbon mineralization of peats in the tropical areas is of essential significance in controlling carbon dioxide (CO2) gas emission rates. An incubation study of tropical peats sampled from 3 different sites of the Barito Basin on the Borneo Island, Indonesia (uncultivated, used for paddy cultivation for £ 5 years and 5-10 years) was carried out to investigate a relationship between CO2 production and peat characteristics. Results of study revealed that land use change from uncultivated peats to paddy fields resulted in significant changes in the chemical structure of peat organic carbon. Carbohydrate contents of the peat decreased significantly as a consequence of the conversion of natural peats to paddy fields. However, the paddy peats contained higher lignin than uncultivated peats. Changes in the chemical structure of the tropical peats resulted in changes in carbon mineralization. Carbon mineralization of uncultivated peats ranged from 2925-5310 mg CO2-C kg-1 peat, while carbon mineralization of 1065-2678 mg CO2-C kg-1 C peat was observed for paddy peats. Moreover, carbon mineralization data obtained from the experiment fitted properly to a two-pool C mineralization model. The developed carbon mineralization model showed that slowly and rapidly decomposable pools have a close relation with rubbed fiber and carbohydrate content data. Thus, results of this study suggested that carbon mineralization of peats could be estimated appropriately using rubbed fiber and carbohydrate content data.
Phytoplankton biodiversity and its relationship with aquatic environmental factors in Lake Uvildy, South Urals, Russia
Authors: KOSTRYUKOVA ANASTASIYA M. , MASHKOVA IRINA V. , KRUPNOVA TATYANA G. , EGOROV NIKITA O.
Published: October 2018

Kostryukova AM, Mashkova V, Krupnova TG, Egorov NO. 2018. Phytoplankton biodiversity and its relationship with aquatic environmental factors in Lake Uvildy, South Urals, Russia. Biodiversitas 19: 1422-1428. Lake Uvildy is one of the largest and the most unique of the South Ural region lakes. This mountain deep lake, which has the status of a natural monument. The purpose of this paper was to study the phytoplankton community structure and the aquatic environmental factors in Lake Uvildy. The phytoplankton samples were collected from 5 sites of Lake Uvildy, then filtered through the plankton net and were preserved in 5% formalin. Species were identiﬁed using the handbooks by Sladecek, Yarushina, and Al-Kandari. Water samples were taken for water quality analysis. The several physicochemical parameters were measured in situ by a Portable Meters (Multitest IPL-513 and Multitest KSL-111, Semico Ltd, Russia, Novosibirsk). The others parameters were measured in the laboratory of the Department of Chemistry of the South Ural State University according to the standard methods. The sampling was made during the vegetation period in June-July 2014. The water quality was evaluated using the Shannon biodiversity index. A total of 38 species (11 phyla, 31 genera), including 9 species of Chlorophyta, 13 species of Bacillariophyta, 9 species of Cyanophyta, 4 species of Euglenophyta, 2 species of Chrysophyta, 1 species of Dinophyta, were identified. The phytoplankton species in the lake were mainly represented by Cyanophyta and Bacillariophyta. There were 5 dominant species: Fragilaria crotonensis, Asterionella formosa, Dolichospermum lemmermannii, Microcystis aeruginosa, and Coenococcus planktonicus. The Shannon index value comprised 1.27-2.21. According to the saprobity index values (1.63-2.35), the water in the late is evaluated as satisfactorily clean. Physico-chemical parameters were factors driving the change in phytoplankton community composition in Lake Uvildy.
Short Communication: Genetic diversity of Ongole Grade Cattle of Rembang District, Central Java, Indonesia, based on blood protein polymorphism
Authors: SUTIYONO SUTIYONO , SUTOPO SUTOPO , ONDHO Y. S. , SETIATIN SETIATIN , SAMSUDEWA D. , SURYAWIJAYA A. , LESTARI D. A. , KURNIANTO E.
Published: October 2018

Sutiyono, Sutopo, Ondho YS, Setiatin ET, Samsudewa D, Suryawijaya A, Lestari DA, Kurnianto E. 2018. Genetic diversity of Ongole Grade Cattle of Rembang District, Central Java, Indonesia, based on blood protein polymorphism. Biodiversitas 19: 1429-1433. The objective of this study was to identify genetic diversity in Ongole Grade cattle of Rembang District, Central Java, Indonesia, based on blood-protein polymorphism. A total of 34 blood samples were collected from unrelated Ongole Grade cattle and the blood plasm was used to identify the blood proteins. Blood protein analysis was performed using Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrilamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Observed bands were used to perform allele interpretation of four loci, namely Albumin (Alb), Post-albumin (Po-Alb), Ceruloplasmin (Cp) and Amylase-1 (Am-1). Results showed the presence of polymorphism in all of the four blood-protein loci, average heterozigosity value (H) being 0.506 and almost all of the blood-protein loci studied showed deviation from Hardy-Weimberg Equilibrium (HWE). In conclusion, the study indicated that population of Ongole Grade cattle in Rembang, Indonesia has high genetic diversity.
Estimation of CPUE and CPUA of three caught fish by bottom trawler in the Motaf fishing grounds, Bushehr Province, Persian Gulf, Iran
Authors: HOSSEINI SEYED MOHAMMAD SEYED , PAIGHAMBARI SEYED YOUSEF , POULADI MOJTABA , SHABANI MOHAMMAD JAVAD
Published: October 2018

Seyed Hosseini SM, Paighambari SY, Pouladi M, Shabani MJ. 2018. Estimation of CPUE and CPUA of three caught fish by bottom trawler in the Motaf fishing grounds, Bushehr Province, Persian Gulf, Iran. Biodiversitas 19: 1434-1440. This study was conducted to estimate catch per unit effort (CPUE) and catch per unit area (CPUA) of Giant trevally (Caranx ignobilis Forsskål, 1775), Bigeye scad (Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch, 1793), and Sulphur goatfish (Upeneus sulphureus (Cuvier, 1829). Sampling operations were done by a stern trawler in the Motaf fishing grounds located in the Persian Gulf during summer 2016. Overall, 36 hauls were done in two depths of 50-60 m and 60-70 m. In this research, the highest length frequencies of C. ignobilis, S. crumenophthalmus, and U. sulphureus were in the length classes of 56.5-61.5, 22-23.5 and 14-15.5 cm, respectively. The results of CPUE for C. ignobilis, S. crumenophthalmus, and U. sulphureus were 3, 0.159 and 0.078 kg h-1, while the results of CPUA were 45.03, 2.44 and 1.91 kg km-2, respectively. Also, CPUE values for mature and immature forms of C. ignobilis were 5.05 and 0.65 kg h-1, for S. crumenophthalmus were 0.2 and 0.07 kg h-1, and for U. sulphureus were 0.13 and 0.04 kg h-1, and CPUA values for C. ignobilis were 22.51 and 5.02 kg km-1, for S. crumenophthalmus were 22.03 and 10.95 kg km-1, and for U. sulphureus were 27.4 and 12.77 kg km-1 at the depths of 50-60 m and 60-70 m, respectively. Finally, it was concluded that effective fishing of C. ignobilis and U. sulphureus is affordable at depths above 60-70 m, and it was not different for S. crumenophthalmus at fishing depths.
Phytoplankton diversity in three lakes of South Ural, Russia
Authors: KOSTRYUKOVA ANASTASIYA M. , KRUPNOVA TATYANA G. , MASHKOVA IRINA V. , GAVRILKINA SVETLANA V. , EGOROV NIKITA O.
Published: October 2018

Kostryukova AM, Krupnova TG, Mashkova IV, Gavrilkina SV, Nikita O. Egorov NO. 2018. Phytoplankton diversity in three lakes of South Ural, Russia. Biodiversitas 19: 1459-1467. Preservation of water ecosystems in their natural state is of great significance. Phytoplankton is one of the biotic indicators of the lake trophic status and ecological state. This study deals with phytoplankton diversity of three lakes of South Ural, Russia. The studied lakes represented different trophic states: Lake Savelkul was oligo-mesotrophic, Lake Ilmenskoe was mesotrophic and Lake Argayash was eutrophic. The species composition of common phytoplankton was recorded in June-July months during 2015 and 2016. The Cyanophyta (blue-green algae) species were dominant in Lake Ilmenskoe(42-64%) and Lake Argayash(55-70%). The Bacillariophyta (diatom algae) species were dominant in the Lake Savelkul(40-66 %). The most common diversity indices namely the Shannon Index, Simpson Index and Margalef Index were determined and the data was also analysed using graphs. The graphs were constructed by the similarity calculating method on the basis of the Sorensen-Czekanowski coefficient. Diversity indices confirm the higher species richness of the microalgal community of Lake Ilmenskoe, classified as mesotrophic. It was shown that the lakes have sufficiently high biodiversity and high ecosystem resilience. Further, statistical analysis (CCA) revealed that orthophosphate-phosphorus, nitrite-nitrogen and pH were the most significant environmental factors influencing phytoplankton community of the lakes studied.
Genetic variability in wild and hatchery populations of commercially important fish: The common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: AHMADI MARYAM , KASHIRI HADISEH , SHABANI ALI , MOGHADAM ABASALI AGHAEI
Published: October 2018

Ahmadi M, Kashiri H, Shabani A, Moghadam AA. 2018. Genetic variability in wild and hatchery populations of commercially important fish: The common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Biodiversitas 19: 1468-1474. Common carp, Cyprinus carpio, is considered as one of the most important bony fish with high economic value in the Caspian sea. Since the population size of common carp has decreased during recent decades, restocking of the populations is done through releasing the hatchery-produced larvae into the Caspian Sea. In the present study, the genetic diversity of hatchery and wild populations of C. carpio was investigated using eight microsatellite loci (MFW7, MFW9, MFW13, MFW16, MFW17, MFW20, MFW26 and MFW28). A total of 145 different alleles were observed across all loci, with some of them being unique to each population. Although the allelic and gene diversity of hatchery populations tended to be lower compared to the wild populations, no significant differences (P>0.05) in genetic diversity parameters were observed among the wild and hatchery populations. In most cases, significant departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed, mainly because of the heterozygosity deficiency. Results from FST, RST and UPGMA analysis showed that the hatchery-reared population was the most differentiated and distant group. The results from this study are anticipated to provide important information for setting up more efficient strategies in conservation and restocking of C. carpio.
Morphological variation among fifteen superior robusta coffee clones in Lampung Province, Indonesia
Authors: RAMADIANA SRI , HAPSORO DWI , YUSNITA YUSNITA
Published: October 2018

Ramadiana S, Hapsoro D, Yusnita Y. 2018. Morphological variation among fifteen superior robusta coffee clones inLampung Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1475-1481. This study aimed to characterize morphological variation among fifteensuperior robusta coffee clones in Lampung Province. The fifteen clones consisted of four clones released by the Indonesian Coffee andCocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), i.e. ‘BP 409’,‘BP936’, ‘BP939’, ‘SA 237’, together with eleven superior coffee clones selected byfarmers from Tanggamus District (‘Tugino’, ‘Wanto’, ‘Biyadi’, ‘Komari’, ‘Wardi’, ‘Wariso’) and from West Lampung District (‘TuguKuning’, ‘Tugu Hijau', ‘Tugu Biru', ‘Tugu Sari', ‘Lengkong'). Fifteen qualitative and seven quantitative morphological characters wereevaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replicates for each clone,each replication consisted of two plants. Fromeach plant, four samples were taken from four sides of the plant (north, south, west, and east). It was found that while somemorphological characters exhibited negligible variation among clones, there were significant differences between clones for othercharacters. The characters that did not differ significantly between clones were: shapes of leaf base and leaf tip; petiole color; leafvenation pattern; fruit disk shape; ripe-fruit color; and stipule shape. The characters that varied between clones were shape of leaf lamina(elliptical vs. lanceolate); fruit shape (round vs. oval); and shape of leaf margins. Morphological variation was also observed in somequantitative characters: canopy diameter; tree height; stem diameter; leaf length; leaf width; petiole length; stipule length; and number ofprimary branches.
Cluster analysis of polyisoprenoid in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) leaves in different land-uses to find the possible cause of yield gap from planting materials
Authors: BASYUNI MOHAMMAD , WATI RIDHA , DENI IRMA , TIA ANANDA RATU , SIREGAR ETTI SARTINA , SYAHPUTRA INDRA
Published: October 2018

Basyuni M, Wati R, Deni I, Tia AR, Slamet B, Siregar ES, Syahputra I. 2018. Cluster analysis of polyisoprenoid in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) leaves in different land-uses to find the possible cause of yield gap from planting materials. Biodiversitas 19: 1492-1501. The distribution and occurrence of polyprenols and dolichols in the leaves of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plantations in different land-uses in North Sumatra, Indonesia were analyzed using two-dimensional thin layer chromatography (2D-TLC). Eighty-one of oil palm leaves were sampled to represent twenty-seven sites of land-uses, namely paddy field (four locations), mangrove (three locations) in Lubuk Kertang, Langkat, North Sumatra. In addition, samples from four groups of smallholders in Stabat, Langkat, six sites in Bangun Bandar, Serdang Bedagai, and ten sites on the campus of Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU), North Sumatra were collected. In the leaves, only one type (type II) with respect to the distribution of polyisoprenoids was detected: having the presence of both polyprenols and dolichols. Either type I, having predominance of dolichols over polyprenols or type III, displaying dominating polyprenols over dolichols were not observed. Results also showed that chain-length distribution of ficaprenols (C50-C60) without longer polyprenols (C85-C100) and dolichols of C85-C100 was detected in the paddy field, mangroves, and one site in USU campus. This polyisoprenoid profile was close to dura type of Elaeis guineensis. By contrast, the remaining land-uses had ficaprenols and longer polyprenols, and dolichols (C85-C100), which belong to tenera or pisifera type. To confirm this finding, a dendrogram was constructed. Cluster analysis demonstrated that twenty-seven sites of E. guineensis were grouped into appropriate types of dura, pifiera, and tenera accordingly, indicating that the existence of polyisoprenoids in E. guineensis was a chemotaxonomic marker. The finding of polyisoprenoid pattern of E. guineensis as dura type in mangrove and paddy field sites may reveal significant causes of yield gap in oil palm plantation from planting materials.
Ethnoveterinary medicine and health management of Pelung Chicken in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: ASMARA INDRAWATI Y. , GARNIDA DANI , SULISYTATI MARINA , TEJANINGSIH SAFITRI , PARTASASMITA RUHYAT
Published: October 2018

Asmara IY, Garnida D, Sulisytati M, Tejaningsih S, Partasasmita R. 2018. Ethnoveterinary medicine and health management of Pelung Chicken in West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1502-1508. Pelung chicken is a race group of chickens. The spread of Pelung chicken is in the district of Cianjur, and now become widespread to several districts in West Java. The spread of Pelung chicken does occur because as a poultry, it is attractive  to people who like to keep the chicken. The chickens are mainly raised as singing chickens. Some studies showed that health-management practices and disease control measures present challenges in maintaining the existence of the chickens. A survey was carried out to determine health management and the use of ethnoveterinary in raising Pelung chickens. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data involving 131 Pelung keepers in four districts in West Java Province including Cianjur, Sukabumi, Bandung and Garut Districts. The data was analyzed using descriptive analysis. The result showed that respiratory diseases such as Snot (Infectious Coryza) and Tetelo (Newcastle Disease) were main diseases for Pelung chickens. Vaccination combined with ethnoveterinary medicines was a common practice for Pelung keepers to prevent and cure chicken diseases. More than five major medicinal plants were found to be used to cure various chicken diseases in which leaves of papaya and turmeric were the most mentioned by respondents. Documentation and investigations regarding plant properties and their applications for Pelung chickens disease cure should be carried in the future. A combination of vaccination, ethnoveterinary medicine and good hygiene are required to control deadly diseases such as Newcastle Disease. Government intervention would be required to improve keepers' skills and awareness in chicken health management.
Short Communication: Mollusks biodiversity of Lake Sevan, Armenia
Authors: MASHKOVA IRINA V. , KRUPNOVA TATYANA G. , KOSTRYUKOVA ANASTASIYA M. , HARUTYUNOVA LAURA J. , VARUZHAN HOVHANNISYAN S. , VLASOV NIKITA E.
Published: October 2018

Mashkova IV, Krupnova TG, Kostryukova AM, Harutyunova LJ, Varuzhan HS, Egorov NO. 2018. Short Communication: Mollusks biodiversity of Lake Sevan, Armenia. Biodiversitas 19: 1509-1513. The paper considers mollusks biodiversity in the freshwater lakes of Lake Sevan, Armenia. Lake Sevan is the largest water body in Armenia and one of the largest freshwater lakes in Eurasia. Since 1930 it has been actively used for irrigating Ararat plain and in hydropower. So, its water level fell by 20 m, and its volume became 40% less. Since mid-2000 when two tunnels had been built water level started to grow. For the last 6 years, water level was reported to grow. As a result of our study, 11 aquatic mollusks species (10 gastropod and 1 bivalve taxa) were currently found living in the Sevan lake. We found Lymnaea stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758), Radix auricularia (Linnaeus, 1758), R. tumida (Held, 1836), R. balthica (Linnaeus, 1758), R. lagotis (Schrank, 1803), Galba truncatula (O. F. Müller, 1774), Planorbis planorbis (Linnaeus, 1758), Bathyomphalus contortus (Linnaeus,1758), Gyraulus acronicus (Férussac, 1807), Valvata piscinalis (O. F. Müller, 1774), Euglesa casertana (Poli, 1791). Lymnaeidae represented the largest number of species. The most abundant species was Lymnaea stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758).