bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling the dynamics of change in the technical skills of young basketball players: The INEX study
Authors: Guimarães Eduardo , Baxter-Jones Adam D. G. , Williams A. Mark , Tavares Fernando , Janeira Manuel A. , Maia José
Published: September 2021

Although technical skills are a prerequisite for success in basketball, little is known about how they develop over time. In this study, we model the trajectories of technical skill development in young basketball players and investigate the effects of training experience, training volume, body composition, maturity status, physical performance, and club characteristics on skill development. A total of 264 male basketballers from five age-cohorts (11 to 15 years of age) were followed consecutively over three years using a mixed-longitudinal design. Technical skills, training experience and volume, basic anthropometrics, body composition, biological maturation and physical performance were assessed bi-annually. A multilevel hierarchical linear model was used for trajectory analysis. Non-linear trends (p< 0.01) were observed in speed shot shooting, control dribble, defensive movement, slalom sprint, and slalom dribble. Being more experienced and physically fitter had a significant (p< 0.05) positive effect on technical skill development; greater fat-free mass negatively affected skills demanding quick running and rapid changes of direction with or without the ball (p< 0.05). Training volume and biological age did not explain differences in technical skill development (p> 0.05). Moreover, belonging to different clubs had no significant influence on the technical skills trajectories of players. Our findings highlight the important role that individual differences play, over and beyond club structure, in developing skills. Findings improve our understanding on how technical skills develop during adolescence through training, growth, and biological maturation.
Application of developmental principles for spinal cord repair after injury
Authors: Papastefanaki Florentia
Published: September 2021

The superiority of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) compared with other vertebrates does not involve an advanced capacity for regeneration, and any insult results in irreversible functional loss. Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one example of CNS trauma affecting thousands of individuals, mostly young, each year. Despite enormous progress in our comprehension of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology after SCI, also providing targets for therapeutic interventions, no efficient therapy exists as yet, emphasizing the need for further research. A breadth of studies have demonstrated that, after SCI, principles of development come into play either to promote or to prohibit spontaneous regeneration, and their appropriate manipulation has the potential to contribute towards functional recovery. In this overview, some of the most recent and important studies are discussed.These offer explicitly novel input from the field of development to the field of CNS repair regarding the modification of the inhibitory environment of the injured spinal cord – mainly referring to the glial scar – the activation of endogenous cell populations such as ependymal stem cells and oligodendrocyte precursor cells, and the developmental transcriptional program that is transiently activated in neurons after injury. Furthermore, current advances in stem cell technology are highlighted in terms of refinement and precise design of the appropriate stem cell population to be transplanted, not only for cell replacement but also for modulation of the host environment. As single-dimension applications have not yet proved clinically successful, it is suggested that combinatorial strategies tackling more than one target might be more effective.
Zebrafish research in Greece: swimming against the current
Authors: Beis Dimitris
Published: September 2021

The zebrafish is a vertebrate model extensively used in Developmental Biology and Human Disease modeling, as it shares high genetic and physiological similarities with humans. It has become the second most popular animal model, after mice, with several advantages over the latter: zebrafish are easily housed and cared for; the cost of installing and maintaining a zebrafish facility is significantly lower than for mice; and they reproduce often and develop quickly. Using zebrafish complies with the 3Rs principles of laboratory animal use. Zebrafish embryos develop externally and are transparent, allowing for in vivo non-invasive imaging. There are many transgenic and mutant lines available that mimic most human diseases, including reporter lines for most signaling pathways. There are also several reverse genetic tools to functionally verify genes or variants of unknown significance, identified in Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) or using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) approaches. In addition, the model emerges as an invaluable whole animal platform for various stages of drug discovery efforts by exploring the possibility of creating high-throughput phenotypic-driven screens. These include phenotypic screenings, determinations of general and/or specific toxicity (cardiac, renal, hepatotoxicity etc.), and mechanism of action studies. Finally, zebrafish are able to retain their capacity to regenerate most organs during their entire life span, making them a well-established model for the study of organ regeneration. The European Zebrafish Society consists of more than 180 research labs throughout Europe. In Greece however, zebrafish use remains rather limited. Here I present here a brief historical overview of zebrafish research in Greece.
Birth and death of neurons in the developing and mature mammalian brain
Authors: Dori Ioanna , Bekiari Chrysanthi , Grivas Ioannis , Tsingotjidou Anastasia , Papadopoulos Georgios C.
Published: September 2021

Although neuron birth and death are two contradictory processes, they serve the same purpose of the formation of the brain. They coexist during brain development, when cytoarchitecture and synaptic contacts are progressively established. It is the highly programmed interplay between these two processes that results in the making of a mature, complex-wired, functional brain. Neurogenesis is the process that begins with the birth of naïve new neurons, which are gradually specified to their prospective cell fate, translocate through migratory streams to the brain area they are destined for, and terminally differentiate into mature neurons that integrate into neuronal networks with sophisticated functions. This is an ongoing process until adulthood, when it mediates brain neuroplasticity. Neuron death is the process through which the fine sculpting and modeling of the brain is achieved. It serves to adjust final neuron numbers, exerting quality control over neurons that birth has generated or overproduced. It additionally corrects early wiring and performs systems matching by negatively selecting neurons that fail to gain neurotransmitter-mediated neuronal activity or receive neurotrophic support for maintenance and function. It is also a means by which organizing centers and transient structures are removed early in morphogenesis. Both processes are evolutionary conserved, genetically programmed and orchestrated by the same signaling factors regulating the cell cycle, neuronal activity/neurotransmitter action and neurotrophic support. This review summarizes and highlights recent knowledge with regard to birth and death of neurons, the two mutually dependent contributors to the formation of the highly evolved mammalian brain.
Zoonotic diseases appeared to be a major hurdle to successful deer farming in Bangladesh
Authors: Sultana Sajeda , Sultana Nazneen , Islam Mahmuda , Pervin Munmun , Khan Md. Ariful Islam , Khan Mohammad Abu Hadi Noor Ali
Published: September 2021

Background and Aim: Due to the diversified lifestyle and fancy ecology associated with Chitra deer (Axis axis), deer farming has become popular in Bangladesh. Diseases may be the common constrain of successful deer farming. This study aims to investigate the pathological, bacteriological, and nucleic acid based technologies to identify specific causes of morbidity and mortality of captive deer.

Materials and Methods: Two deer farms and a park deer (designated as farm A, B, and C) entailing 87, 54, and 20 deer, respectively, showed illness and death constitute the study materials. A total of 42 deer died during this investigation. Following death, routine post-mortem examination, histopathology, impression smear staining, isolation, and identification of bacteria were carried out. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription PCR were carried out to safeguard the etiology.

Results: Clinically, farm A and B showed the acute phase of illness and park deer showed chronic illness. Case fatality rates were 90%, 92%, and 100% in farms A, B, and C deer, respectively. Pasteurella multocida and Streptococcus pneumoniae were identified from the visceral organs of farm A deer. Farm B deer was infected with Clostridium perfringens type A. Park deer was infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and hydatid cyst.

Conclusion: The infectivity in farm A deer was due to stress as induced by punishing weather. The infectivity in farm B deer was due to feeding a higher volume of protein in the diet. The park C deer may optate infection from companion man and animals living around. The diseases of captive deer identified mainly were zoonotic. It needs extensive veterinary services and specialized technologies to identify these diseases, monitor the infectivity and eliminate the public health important diseases at early onset.
Assessment of Ossicular Necrosis in Tubotympanic (Mucosal) Type of Chronic Otitis Media
Authors: Chawla Sakshi , Saxena Amresh Kumar , Kumar Sanjay
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND We wanted to study the preoperative clinical, audiological, radiological findings & compare them with the perioperative findings of ossicular necrosis. METHODS 100 patients were clinically diagnosed as mucosal chronic otitis media (COM). They underwent a thorough clinical, audiological & radiological examination. X-ray mastoid Schuller's view on both sides was done in all patients & HRCT temporal bone was done in 51 patients. They were then posted for surgery & findings were compared with the perioperative ossicular necrosis. RESULTS 42 patients had ossicular defects perioperatively. Incus was found to be the most commonly necrosed ossicle & malleus was the most resistant ossicle. There was a positive association found between duration of disease, posterior perforations, large central & subtotal perforations, polypoidal middle ear mucosa, granulations over margins of perforations & audiological findings with the perioperative ossicular defects. HRCT was the most reliable investigation to predict ossicular necrosis. CONCLUSIONS From the study, it was concluded that all patients with mucosal COM can be assessed preoperatively for ossicular erosion. HRCT gives us a preoperative picture of the extent of ossicular necrosis & helps the surgeon in planning the surgical intervention. KEY WORDS COM, HRCT, Ossicular Necrosis, Mucosal, PTA
Cavitary Covid Lesions - An Unusual Imaging Feature
Authors: Dhande Rajasbala Pradeep , Phatak Suresh Vasant , Mishra Gaurav Ved Prakash , Dhawan Vaishali Patil , Jain Soumya
Published: September 2021

On January 30, 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), formerly known as the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), was declared as a global health emergency by the World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Imaging plays an essential role in the evaluation of Covid-19, with chest computed tomography (CT) being the major modality in diagnosing and managing Covid-19 pneumonia. Common signs of Covid-19 pneumonia on chest CT scan are ground-glass opacities, consolidation, nodules, and linear opacities, halo and reverse halo signs. It can be accompanied by a “crazy-paving” pattern, air bronchograms, pleural hypertrophy, and pleural effusion. Cavitations are known to occur but are rare presentations. There are cases reported in the literature of the development of pulmonary cavity after bacterial infection in the late recovery stage in SARS patients. We present a case report of this rare entity in Covid-19 infection in a previously stable patient
Porto-Pulmonary Hypertension (POPH) in a Female with Non-Cirrhotic Portal Hypertension - Early Suspicion and Early Diagnosis is the Key
Authors: Malik Shivika , Wadekar Abhijit , Acharya Sourya , Shukla Samarth , Kumar Sunil
Published: September 2021

Liver disease and portal venous disease can present with a number of pulmonary complications, such as hepatic hydrothorax, hepatopulmonary syndrome and Portopulmonary hypertension (POPH). Porto-pulmonary hypertension is a rare but serious condition. Increased vascular pressure occurs due to progressive vasoconstriction, causing respiratory discomfort to the patient and ultimately progressing to right heart failure. Porto-pulmonary hypertension falls into World Health Organization (WHO) group 1 of pulmonary hypertension, indicating that the mechanism involved in the development of the disease is pulmonary vascular remodelling. It is the rarest of all pulmonary complications of liver disease, but perhaps the most destructive, as it is impossible to reverse the changes at the vascular level. Early diagnosis is essential to decrease mortality, and investigations, such as echocardiography and right heart catheterization are available. As POPH is uncommon, not much is known about its treatment. The best therapy is proper and timely management of portal hypertension, to prevent its occurrence altogether. We present a case of a 36-year-old female, who presented with features typical of portal hypertension, but on further examination, patient was found to have pulmonary hypertension as well. Imaging findings suggested non cirrhotic portal fibrosis to have caused portal hypertension, and eventually pulmonary hypertension.
Historical Failure or Political Realism? The 1956 Hungarian Revolution’s (Mis)Handling by the United Nations
Authors: Nagy András
Published: September 2021

After nearly G5 years of the Hungarian 195G Revolution, several questions remained unanswered, mainly concerning the international responses to the Revolution and the brutal suppression of the revolt. The article examines the possibilities and the limitations of the international organization when two member states violate the Charter ofthe very organization,they are members of. Based on current archival research concerning recently declassified documents, the (mainly behind the scenes) activity and the (mainly demonstrative) passivity of the UN are analyzed and explained, without offering any excuse for the political pragmatism of the organization that was once built on moral principles.
Information Technologies, Reading, and the Future of Higher Education
Authors: Skelly James M.
Published: September 2021

The article addresses the challenge for universities and colleges to prepare students for the world they inhabit through relevant course offerings and new approaches to teaching. Unfortunately, these structures of higher education still resemble chapels, where the professor is ‘priest,’ and with a pedagogy that is informed by monologue, methodological nationalism, and a general lack of awareness of the rapidly changing social and physical world around us. Starting with the Gutenberg revolution, and following the ideas of Marshall McLuhan, Sven Birkerts and Joseph Brodsky,the article approaches the consequences of the new information technologies that are profoundly rewiring our minds and replacing our ability to think critically. The author asks: what might education look like today? How might we challenge young people to learn how to think? The first task appears to critique and transform the political architecture of classrooms and the teacher centeredness of pedagogical activity, replacing monologue with dialogue. Students need to be shown how to critically distance themselves from the seductions of information technologies, and educational institutions should return to requiring deep reading and discussion of extended narratives.
A munkával kapcsolatos értékek Közép-Kelet-Európában - nemzetközi felmérések tükrében
Authors: Borgulya Istvánné Vető Ágnes
Published: September 2021

Az elmúlt évtizedekben számos tényező együttes hatása következtében jelentős változások következtek be világszerte a munka szférájában, megváltoztatva a szervezetek és a kereteik között folyó munka számos jellemzőjét. Két évtizeddel ezelőtt alig álltak rendelkezésünkre a vezetést szolgáló olyan reprezentatív nemzetközi felméréseredmények, amelyekbe a közép- és kelet-európai országok is bekapcsolódtak volna. Azóta azonban leomlottak az akadályok, és örvendetesen megnőtt az érdeklődés a kultúraközi kooperációt és kommunikációt érintő kérdések kutatása iránt. A szerző tanulmánya az EVS közzétett felmérési adataiból kiindulva tesz összevetéseket a GLOBE/kutatás eredményeivel és a „kulturális standardok” modellre épülő megfigyelésekkel. Arra keresi a választ, hogy mennyire homogén a munkához kapcsolódó értékek terén a közép- és kelet-európai tömb, és mennyiben térnek el ezek az értékek a többi európai országra jellemző adatoktól. A szerző kiemelte a munka és a munkahely bizonyos aspektusainak fontosságát, a vezető utasításához való viszonyulást. Az összehasonlítás alapját 33 európai ország, és ezek bontása, 14 kelet-európai, valamit 19 nyugat-, észak- és dél-európai ország adatai képezik.
The closure of the Vardar Ocean (the western domain of the northern Neotethys) from the early Middle Jurassic to the Paleocene time, based on the surface geology of eastern Pelagonia and the Vardar zone, biostratigraphy, and seismic-tomographic images of the mantle below the Central Hellenides
Authors: Scherreiks Rudolph , BouDagher-Fadel Marcelle
Published: September 2021

Seismic tomographic images of the mantle below the Hellenides indicate that the Vardar Ocean probably had a composite width of over 3000 km. From surface geology we know that this ocean was initially located between two passive margins: Pelagonian Adria in the west and Serbo-Macedonian-Eurasia in the east. Pelagonia was covered by a carbonate platform that accumulated, during Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous time, where highly diversified carbonate sedimentary environments evolved and reacted to the adjacent, converging Vardar Ocean plate. We conceive that on the east side of the Vardar Ocean, a Cretaceous carbonate platform evolved from the Aptian to the Maastrichtian time in the forearc basin of the Vardar supra-subduction volcanic arc complex. The closure of the Vardar Ocean occurred in one episode of ophiolite obduction and in two episodes of intra-oceanic subduction. 1. During the Middle Jurassic time a 1200-km slab of west Vardar lithosphere subducted beneath the supra-subduction, ‘Eohellenic’, arc, while a 200-km-wide slab obducted onto Pelagonia between the Callovian and Valanginian times. 2. During the Late Jurassic through to the Cretaceous time a 1700-km-wide slab subducted beneath the evolving east Vardar-zone arc-complex. Pelagonia, the trailing edge of the subducting east-Vardar Ocean slab, crashed and underthrust the Vardar arc complex during the Paleocene time and ultimately crashed with Serbo-Macedonia. Since the late Early Jurassic time, the Hellenides have moved about 3000 km toward the northeast while the Atlantic Ocean spread.
Influences on single-use and reusable cup use: a multidisciplinary mixed-methods approach to designing interventions reducing plastic waste
Authors: Allison Ayşe Lisa , Lorencatto Fabiana , Miodownik Mark , Michie Susan
Published: September 2021

An estimated 2.5–5 billion single-use coffee cups are disposed of annually in the UK, most of which consist of paper with a plastic lining. Due to the difficulty of recycling poly-coated material, most of these cups end up incinerated or put in landfills. As drinking (take-away) hot beverages is a behaviour, behaviour change interventions are necessary to reduce the environmental impacts of single-use coffee cup waste. Basing the design of interventions on a theoretical understanding of behaviour increases the transparency of the development process, the likelihood that the desired changes in behaviour will occur and the potential to synthesise findings across studies. The present paper presents a methodology for identifying influences on using single-use and reusable cups as a basis for designing intervention strategies. Two behaviour change frameworks: The Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behaviour (COMB) model of behaviour, were used to develop an online survey and follow-up interviews. Research findings can inform the selection of intervention strategies using a third framework, the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW). The application of the methodology is illustrated in relation to understanding barriers and enablers to single-use and reusable cup use across the setting of a London university campus. We have developed a detailed method for identifying behavioural influences relevant to pro-environmental behaviours, together with practical guidance for each step and a worked example. Benefits of this work include it providing guidance on developing study materials and collecting and analysing data. We offer this methodology to the intervention development and implementation community to assist in the application of behaviour change theory to interventions.
„Aufgeblähte Zeit“ in narrativer Lyrik – Yakamochis Einleitungssequenz zum neunzehnten Man’yōshū-Band
Authors: Wittkamp Robert F.
Published: September 2021

Some of Ōtomo no Yakamochi’s best-known poems are included among the fifteen poems that introduce the Man’yōshū Book 19. While research sees the common themes of these poems, it does not understand them as a cohesive group or “work” (sakuhin 作品). This essay takes a narratological approach and subjects the poems to a reinterpretation based on the two dimensions of “space” and “time.” This reading reveals the fifteen poems as a narrative sequence. For comparison and at the same time for a better understanding, a sequence from Book 17 is consulted, which shows similar narrative features. While the spatial aspects are in the foreground there, the sequence from the Book 19 deals with the theme of time. Both sequences are framed, and their middle section can be compared to the enlargement technique of photography (blow-up). In both sequences, the traditional banquet poetry to the 3rd day in the 3rd month plays a central role. The essay contains a complete translation of the fifteen poems from the Book 19.
Hybrid green organic/inorganic filler polypropylene composites: Morphological study and mechanical performance investigations
Authors: Hayajneh Mohammed T. , AL-Oqla Faris M. , Al-Shrida Mu’ayyad M.
Published: September 2021

In this study, the morphological and mechanical performances of hybrid green organic and inorganic filler composites were investigated. Various hybrid reinforcements using natural waste fillers including lemon leaves and eggshells were utilized for the study. The tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation to break, flexural strength, and flexural modulus were investigated for the composites with polypropylene matrix. The results revealed that eggshells composites had the best values for both tensile and flexural tests while lemon leaves composites had the lowest values. However, the hybrid filler (lemon leaves-eggshells) had intermediate values. The poor properties of lemon leaves were attributed to the agglomeration and weak bonding presented by the morphological analysis of the hybrid composites.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease – discussed under the light of Unani medicine
Authors: Riyazuddin Mohd , Shahid Arisha
Published: September 2021

Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is one of the diseases that have evolved lately into a major challenge for gastroenterologists. Although, the term NAFLD has not been familiar to the medical world since long, other conditions resembling the presentation of NAFLD have been there since primitive times. It is a reversible condition of the liver, wherein large vacuoles of triglyceride fat accumulates in liver cells via the process of steatosis, despite any evidence of excessive alcohol consumption. In the developed countries NAFLD is reported to be the most common liver disorder, with a worldwide prevalence of 6–35%, in India its prevalence has been increasing gradually. Unani physicians have described liver as one of the principal organs of the body. It is the primary source of natural faculties, where the functions of digestion, concoction, absorption and excretion are performed, normally temperament of liver is hot and moist which can get converted to cold due to mutable dietary habits, consumption of fatty and cold food in abundance etc. In Unani System of Medicine, NAFLD has not been described as such, but it can be studied under Su’-i-Mizāj Kabid Bārid due to correlation of most of the symptoms. Its management mainly consists of elimination of morbid matter which is accumulated in the liver and correction of Su’-i-Mizāj Kabid Bārid by using drugs having opposite temperament (Ilaj bil zid).
How to Reasonably Wait for the End of the World: Aquinas and Heidegger on the Letters to the Thessalonians
Authors: Oliva Mirela
Published: September 2021

For Christians, coping with a crisis requires a proper expectation of the end of the world. This article will discuss the experience of Thessalonians’ persecuted community, who receive solace and orientation from Saint Paul’s eschatological teaching. I will focus on Aquinas’ and Heidegger’s reading of Saint Paul’s letters to the Thessalonians. Their interpretation reveals two opposite ways of waiting for the end of the world, which pertain to two different modes of human rationality: (1) the calculative reasoning of those who claim to know when the end will happen, and (2) the lucidity and sobriety of the true believers, who accept that nobody can know the day of the second coming of Christ and thus we have to continually prepare and be ready for it. Which way is the most suited to handle a crisis like the current pandemic? The calculative reason is necessary for fields like medicine, which are crucial in defeating the pandemic. However, when dealing with a crisis that brings us unexpected and unknown circumstances, we also need the virtuous, sober, and awakened attitude promoted by Saint Paul in his letters and highlighted by Aquinas and Heidegger.
Second near-infrared (NIR-II) imaging: a novel diagnostic technique for brain diseases
Authors: Xie Na , Hou Ya , Wang Shaohui , Ai Xiaopeng , Bai Jinrong , Lai Xianrong , Zhang Yi , Meng Xianli , Wang Xiaobo
Published: September 2021

Imaging in the second near-infrared II (NIR-II) window, a kind of biomedical imaging technology with characteristics of high sensitivity, high resolution, and real-time imaging, is commonly used in the diagnosis of brain diseases. Compared with the conventional visible light (400–750 nm) and NIR-I (750–900 nm) imaging, the NIR-II has a longer wavelength of 1000–1700 nm. Notably, the superiorities of NIR-II can minimize the light scattering and autofluorescence of biological tissue with the depth of brain tissue penetration up to 7.4 mm. Herein, we summarized the main principles of NIR-II in animal models of traumatic brain injury, cerebrovascular visualization, brain tumor, inflammation, and stroke. Simultaneously, we encapsulated the in vivo process of NIR-II probes and their in vivo and in vitro toxic effects. We further dissected its limitations and following optimization measures.
“Un projet de justice et de progrès social”: President Macron’s 2020 new year message to the nation. A linguistic viewpoint
Authors: Banks David
Published: September 2021

President Macron’s New Year message on 31 December 2019 was given against a background of social unrest due to his proposed Pension reforms. He defended his policy reiterating the phrase “un projet de justice et de progress social”, but passing responsibility for resolving the crisis to his Prime Minister. The general analytical framework is that of Systemic Functional Linguistics. Macron uses first person singular (je) and plural (nous) subject pronouns to more or less the same extent but the singular form is used mainly with mental processes and the plural with material processes. There are in addition a large number of first person pronoun references other than those that function as grammatical subject: Macron manipulates the ambiguity of the plural pronoun to associate the general public with regard to responsibility for the government’s actions. Material processes are encoded more frequently as non-finite or as nominalizations where specification of the agents is not required, than as finite verbs. Obligation is attributed to the plural nous rather than the singular je. Thus Macron defends his policies while avoiding accepting personal responsibility for them.
Synthesis, crystal and electronic structure of CaNi2Al8
Authors: Gießelmann Elias , Touzani Rachid S. , Morgenstern Bernd , Janka Oliver
Published: September 2021

Single crystals of CaNi2Al8 were obtained during attempts to synthesize CaNi2Al9 from the elements in Nb or Al2O3 crucibles in an induction furnace. The orthorhombic structure of CaNi2Al8 was refined based on single-crystal X-ray diffraction data (Pbam, a = 1252.30(6), b = 1443.73(7), c = 395.78(2) pm, wR2 = 0.0423, 2225 F
2 values, 63 variables) and full atomic ordering was observed. The compositions of the samples were checked by powder X-ray diffraction experiments; no phase pure samples could be obtained. To analyze the bonding situation of the title compound in detail, quantum-chemical calculations were conducted. According to Density Functional Theory, CaNi2Al8 is a intermetallic compound with a polar covalently bonded [Ni2Al8] network showing strong Ni–Al and Al–Al bonding.
3D-Printed Pacifier-Shaped Mouthpiece for fMRI-Compatible Gustometers
Authors: Munoz Tord David , Coppin Géraldine , Pool Eva R. , Mermoud Christophe , Pataky Zoltan , Sander David , Delplanque Sylvain
Published: September 2021

Gustometers have made it possible to deliver liquids in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) settings for decades, and mouthpieces are a critical part of these taste delivery systems. Here, we propose an innovative 3D-printed fMRI mouthpiece inspired by children’s pacifiers, allowing human participants to swallow while lying down in an MRI scanner. We used a large sample to validate the effectiveness of our method. The results suggest that the mouthpiece can be used to deliver taste stimuli by showing significant clusters of activation in the insular and piriform cortex, which are regions that have been consistently identified in taste processing. This mouthpiece fulfills several criteria guaranteeing a gustatory stimulus of quality, making the delivery precise and reliable. Moreover, this new pacifier-shaped design is simple and cheap to manufacture, hygienic, comfortable to keep in the mouth, and flexible to use in diverse cases. We hope that this new method will promote and facilitate the study of taste and flavor perception in the context of reward processing in affective neuroscience, and thus, help provide an integrative approach to the study of the emotional nature of rewards.
Multivariate Analysis of Electrophysiological Signals Reveals the Time Course of Precision Grasps Programs: Evidence for Nonhierarchical Evolution of Grasp Control
Authors: Guo Lin Lawrence , Oghli Yazan Shamli , Frost Adam , Niemeier Matthias
Published: September 2021

Current understanding of the neural processes underlying human grasping suggests that grasp computations involve gradients of higher to lower level representations and, relatedly, visual to motor processes. However, it is unclear whether these processes evolve in a strictly canonical manner from higher to intermediate and to lower levels given that this knowledge importantly relies on functional imaging, which lacks temporal resolution. To examine grasping in fine temporal detail here we used multivariate EEG analysis. We asked participants to grasp objects while controlling the time at which crucial elements of grasp programs were specified. We first specified the orientation with which participants should grasp objects, and only after a delay we instructed participants about which effector to use to grasp, either the right or the left hand. We also asked participants to grasp with both hands because bimanual and left-hand grasping share intermediate-level grasp representations. We observed that grasp programs evolved in a canonical manner from visual representations, which were independent of effectors to motor representations that distinguished between effectors. However, we found that intermediate representations of effectors that partially distinguished between effectors arose after representations that distinguished among all effector types. Our results show that grasp computations do not proceed in a strictly hierarchically canonical fashion, highlighting the importance of the fine temporal resolution of EEG for a comprehensive understanding of human grasp control.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA long-standing assumption of the grasp computations is that grasp representations progress from higher to lower level control in a regular, or canonical, fashion. Here, we combined EEG and multivariate pattern analysis to characterize the temporal dynamics of grasp representations while participants viewed objects and were subsequently cued to execute an unimanual or bimanual grasp. Interrogation of the temporal dynamics revealed that lower level effector representations emerged before intermediate levels of grasp representations, thereby suggesting a partially noncanonical progression from higher to lower and then to intermediate level grasp control.
KETEN TOHUMU YAĞI VE AYÇİÇEK YAĞINDAN FARKLI VAKSLAR KULLANILARAK OLUŞTURULAN OLEOJELLERİN BİSKÜVİ KALİTESİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Kübra Sultan
Published: September 2021

Yağlar insan beslenmesinin temel bileşenlerden biri olup, enerji kaynağı olması ve gıda ürününün lezzet ve tekstürünü geliştirmesi, bazı vitamin, biyoaktif bileşen gibi maddeler için taşıyıcı olmasından dolayı oldukça önemlidir. Ancak katı yağların sağlık üzerine muhtemel zararları nedeni ile ikame olarak oleojel kullanımı önerilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, balmumu, kandelila ve karnauba vaks ile keten tohumu yağı ve ayçiçek yağı kullanılarak oleojeller üretilmiş, sonrasında bu oleojeller geleneksel bisküvi kompozisyonunda katı yağ ikamesi olarak kullanılmıştır. Oleojellerin yağ bağlama kapasitesi ile bisküvilerde renk, çap, kalınlık, yayılma oranı gibi fiziksel özellikler ve tekstürel özellikler incelenmiştir. En yüksek yağ bağlama kapasitesi kandelila vaks ile üretilen oleojellerde tespit edilmiştir. Keten yağı oleojellerinin %50 oranında şortening yerine kullanılmasıyla üretilen bisküvilerde sertlik değeri kontrole göre önemli derecede azalırken, %100 ayçiçek yağı oleojeli ile ikame edilen bisküvilerde önemli bir fark gözlenmemiştir.
Heraclitus and Sonic Thinking
Authors: Silva Trinidad , Fontaine Gregorio
Published: September 2021

“The material Flux”; “the hidden mobility beneath”; “Sonic Logos.” Any classicist familiar with the fragments of Heraclitus would be surprised to find these concepts developed in today’s theories about sonic art from authors from different traditions such as Salomé Voegelin, Julian Henriques, Jean-Luc Nancy, and Christoph Cox. The present paper intends to open a dialogue between these authors and Heraclitus, claiming that there is an underlying connection beyond mere coincidence. Sonic thinking proposes listening as the way to access or produce a particular knowledge—one that would otherwise be too difficult or impossible to grasp. This knowledge is produced by practices such as listening and musical meditation instead of intellectual activity alone. To make the case, the authors will present a general outline of what sonic thinking entails to compare it with the relevant points in Heraclitus’s philosophy. The purpose of this paper is twofold: to provide a new sonic framework to read Heraclitus and to provide an old framework to read sonic thinking.
Soundscapes of Productivity
Authors: Droumeva Milena
Published: September 2021

Using the urban portmanteau terms “coffice” and “coffitivity” as a starting point, this paper examines ideas around sound and productivity with a focus on coffee shop ambiences. The project considers café soundscapes “soundscapes of productivity” reflective of changing attention spans, work process, and stress management that invoke cultural histories of Muzak, personalized sonic spaces, and the sonic management of everyday life. A result of over six years of ethnographic observations, recordings, and decibel measurements, Soundscapes of Productivity has also been compiled into a Story Map as a kind of soundwork collage of different coffee shop ambiences in Vancouver, Canada. Vancouver is used here for its local specificity, including a rapidly gentrifying urban infrastructure and a creative freelance haven with aspirations to be the Canadian Silicon Valley. The project presents an opportunity to link scientific discourses of the stimulus response model of sonic productivity historically and politically with the modern practice of productivity playlists, and bridge them together with acoustic environments seemingly replicating former factory production—environments such as the urban coffee shop.
Sounding Emancipated Futures
Authors: Mathes Carter
Published: September 2021

This commentary discusses the aural dimensions of resistance as addressed in several essays published in this issue of Resonance.
The Impact of E-Learning on University Students’ Learning of Sport Skill Subjects During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Murad Fatin Adira , Kamal Azlan Ahmad
Published: September 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly altered the education system globally shutting down face-to-face (f2f) learning in order to prevent the spread of the disease. The Malaysian government implemented Movement Control Order (MCO) starting in March 2020 creating a new norm for Malaysian citizens’ working, educational and social environments. Work from Home (WFH) became part of the new norm for most working people with university students having no choice but to continue their education via Open and Distance Learning (ODL). Thus, this study investigates the impact of e-learning among university students studying sport skill subjects during this pandemic. An online survey was distributed to 152 students in their second to seventh semester majoring in Physical and Health Education to (1) investigate the well-being of students during online classes (2) identify the effectiveness of sport skill subjects learned online among the students and (3) study the relationship between online lectures and the effectiveness of learning sport skill subjects. A descriptive research design was used to describe the effects of e-learning among the students. The findings revealed that students did not suffer any psychological distress during online classes but indicated a lack of confidence in their capabilities in executing the skills in real life. No significant correlation was revealed between lecturing online and the effectiveness of learning sport skill subject learned among the students.
Vulnerable Medical Student Ecosystems: Transdisciplinary Learning Sciences Interventions, Maximizing Student Learning and Promoting Mental Health
Authors: Watson Kevin Michael
Published: September 2021

Medical students (MS), as a focus of investigation, are usually the last group that would be considered as suffering from mental health issues. However, the literature shows otherwise; MS suffer debilitating anxiety and depression which worsen with the progression of their studies. The literature also highlights the medical school curriculum as a significant cause of the elevated stress, anxiety, and depression levels within the MS population. This article explores the vulnerable nature of MS by focusing on the nature of the medical school’s hidden curriculum and culture, highlighting its impact on the entire medical education ecosystem and the MS. This article, then, investigates the three dominant epistemological belief frames in medical school which impact the vulnerable nature of MS. Finally, this article presents potential interventions, targeting the need for cultural change that may contribute to the creation of a more compassionate learning ecosystem to build the MS’ mental resilience in medical school and create a stronger medical workforce.
The implementation of Islamic Heritage Distribution in Community of Setu Subdistrict, South Tangerang Region
Authors: Sodikin Sodikin
Published: September 2021

Islamic inheritance law is a law governing the distribution of inheritance left by the testator to the heirs, knowing the parts received from the inheritance for each heir who is entitled to receive it. In practice, what has happened in Setu Subdistrict, South Tangerang District, has not yet fully understood the inheritance system of Islam. The division of inheritance applied is a combination of Islamic inheritance with the customary inheritance of the local community, so that it still does not meet the requirements or conditions as an Islamic inheritance based on Sharia. Keyword: Division of Inheritance, Testator, Heir, Inheritance AbstrakHukum kewarisan Islam merupakan hukum yang mengatur tentang pembagian harta warisan yang ditinggalkan pewaris kepada ahli waris, dengan mengetahui bagian-bagian yang diterima dari peninggalan untuk setiap ahli waris yang berhak menerimanya. Dalam prakteknya yang terjadi di Kecamatan Setu Kota Tangerang Selatan belum sepenuhnya memahami secara utuh tentang sistem kewarisan Islam, hal ini terlihat dalam kehidupan sehari-harinya. Pembagian warisan yang diterapkan merupakan perpaduan antara kewarisan Islam dengan kewarisan adat masyarakat setempat, sehingga masih belum memenuhi ketentuan atau syarat sebagai suatu kewarisan Islam yang berlandaskan Syariah.Kata kunci: Pembagian Warisan, Pewaris, Ahli Waris, Harta Warisan
Pentingnya Memberikan Asi Ekslusif Untuk Kehidupan Bayi Dalam Perspektif Islam dan Kesehatan; Literatur Review
Authors: Hasriyana Dina , Surani Endang
Published: September 2021

Giving exclusive breast milk (ASI) to babies is an expression of God's love as well as an extraordinary gift for every baby born on earth and is the best way to create healthy and quality human resources. Currently, exclusive breastfeeding is not yet optimal and its coverage is still below the target set by the government and at present people pay less attention to the harmony between health and religious views. In the Qur'an Allah has confirmed the continuity of this breastfeeding for two whole years. This two-year period is a golden time span in terms of health and psychology for babies, which is found in the”Q.S. Al-Baqarah [2]: 233, Luqman [31]: 14, and Al-Ahqaf”[46]: 15. Breastfeeding plays a very important role in fulfilling infant nutrition so that it can increase the baby's immunity. Trace the international literature through electronic media with a keyword guide. 9 articles were selected, each representing the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding in the life of the baby from an Islamic and health perspective and providing various information. The results show that there are benefits of exclusive breastfeeding in the baby's life from an Islamic and health perspective. Conclusion Based on the analysis that has been done, there are benefits in giving exclusive breastfeeding to the baby's life both from an Islamic and health perspective.Keywords: Breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, babies, benefits from an Islamic and health perspective AbstrakMemberikan Air Susu Ibu (ASI) Ekslusif pada bayi merupakan ungkapan kasih sayang Allah sekaligus anugerah yang luar biasa terhadap setiap bayi yang terlahir di muka bumi serta merupakan cara terbaik dalam menciptakan sumber daya manusia yang sehat dan berkualitas. Saat ini pemberian ASI Eksklusif belum optimal dan cakupannya masih di bawah target yang ditetapkan pemerintah dan pada masa kini manusia kurang memperhatikan keselarasan antara pandangan kesehatan dan agama. Dalam Al-Qur`an Allah telah menegaskan, kelangsungan penyusuan ini selama dua tahun penuh. Masa dua tahun ini merupakan rentang, waktu emas ditinjau dari segala sisi kesehatan dan kejiwaan bagi bayi”yakni terdapat dalam“Q.S. Al-Baqarah,”[2]: 233, Luqma,n [31]: 14, dan Al-Ahqaf”[46]: 15. Pemberian ASI sangat berperan dalam pemenuhan nutrisi bayi sehingga dapat meningkatkan kekebalan tubuh bayi. Lacak literatur internasional melalui media elektronik dengan panduan kata kunci 9 artikel dipilih, masing-masing mewakili manfaat memberikan ASI Ekslusif pada kehidupan bayi dalam perspektif Islam dan kesehatan dan berbagai memberikan informasi. Hasil yang menunjukkan adanya manfaat memberikan ASI Ekslusif pada kehidupan bayi dalam perspektif Islam dan kesehatan. Simpulan Berdasarkan analisa yang telah dilakukan terdapat manfaat dalam memberikan ASI Ekslusif pada kehidupan bayi baik dalam perspektif Islam dan kesehatan.Kata kunci: Menyusui, ASI Ekslusif, Bayi, Manfaat dalam Perspektif Islam dan Kesehatan.