bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new species and four new records of Diduga Moore (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae) from Thailand
Authors: BAYARSAIKHAN ULZIIJARGAL , HIRAI NORIO , ČERNÝ KAREL , KWON HYUNG-WOOK , BAE YANG-SEOP
Published: October 2020

One new species, Diduga sphaeracephalus n. sp., is described from Thailand along with four newly recorded species, D. alternota Bucsek, 2014, D. bispinosa Bayarsaikhan & Bae, 2018, D. dubatolovi Bayarsaikhan & Bae, 2018 and D. allodubatolovi Bayarsaikhan, Li & Bae, 2020. Illustrations of adults and genitalia of examined species are provided.
Mitogenomic features of Pteronarcys sachalina (Plecoptera: Pteronarcyidae), the only salmonfly known from China
Authors: CHEN ZHI-TENG
Published: October 2020

The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Pteronarcys sachalina Klapálek was sequenced and compared with those of two other salmonflies for the first time. The mitogenome of P. sachalina was 16,180 bp in length, with an A+T content of 70.6%. The uniform set of 37 genes (13 PCGs, 22 tRNA genes and two rRNA genes) and a long control region (1431 bp) were all annotated. Most PCGs had standard ATN start codons and TAN stop codons. COX1 exhibited the highest evolutionary rate among the 13 PCGs of sequenced species of Pteronarcyidae. ND2 was truncated at the 3′ end when compared with congeners. Most tRNA genes had typical cloverleaf secondary structures, whereas the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm of trnS1 was reduced. Tandem repeats and stem-loop (SL) structures were predicted in the control region of P. sachalina. Conserved sequences were found in control regions of the three already sequenced salmonflies, P. sachalina, Pteronarcys princeps Banks, and Pteronarcella badia (Hagen).
Opting Out: Individualism and Vaccine Refusal in Pockets of Socioeconomic Homogeneity
Authors: Estep Kevin , Greenberg Pierce
Published: October 2020

Cases of measles and other highly contagious diseases are rising in the United States. Public health experts blame the rise partly on the spatial concentration of parents declining to vaccinate their children, but researchers have given little attention to theorizing why this clustering occurs in particular communities. We argue that residential and school selection processes create “pockets of homogeneity” attracting parents inclined to opt out of vaccines. Structural features of these enclaves reduce the likelihood of harsh criticism for vaccine refusal and foster a false sense of protection from disease, making the choice to opt out seem both safe and socially acceptable. Examination of quantitative data on personal belief exemptions (PBEs) from school-based vaccination requirements in California schools and districts, as well as findings from parent interviews, provide empirical support for the theory. We discuss substantive implications for lawmakers and public health officials, as well as broader sociological contributions concerning neighborhood effects and residential sorting.
W. Dean Warren, MD, FACS, Father of Selective Shunts for Variceal Hemorrhage: Lessons Learned
Authors: Richards William O.
Published: October 2020

Dr Dean Warren was born in 1924 and died prematurely from cancer in 1989. He was a man of uncommon intelligence, wit, collegiality, integrity, honesty, and a true leader in American surgery. In 1966, he and his colleagues (Drs Zeppa and Fomon) presented a new concept for surgical shunts to control variceal hemorrhage while maintaining portal perfusion or hepatopetal blood flow. He termed this new shunt the distal splenorenal shunt (DSRS), which was the first selective shunt invented. The DSRS selective shunt was a brilliant improvement over the total shunt concept proposed by Nicolai Eck and was practiced worldwide during the 1980s. In a space of 2 decades, Dr Warren’s pioneering work would show that the selective DSRS was superior to total shunts for treatment of portal hypertension, but that endoscopic sclerotherapy was a better first-line treatment for variceal hemorrhage than his own creation. His absolute adherence to the principles he espoused in his presidential address to the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract in 1973 were employed in his research and treatment of patients. This paper details Dr Warren’s extraordinary research accomplishments and sets a lesson for us that well-designed clinical trials including randomization are essential in the advancement of the care of surgical patients.
Obesity is Not Associated With Need for Skin Grafting After Hidradenitis Excision
Authors: Colosimo Christina , Yon James R. , Fredericks Charles , Kingsley Samuel , Gupta Sameer , Mentzer Caleb J. , Bokhari Faran , Poulakidas Stathis
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, debilitating disease associated with inflammation, recurrent abscesses, and fistulae of skin containing apocrine sweat glands. We hypothesize that the need for skin grafting after vacuum-assisted closure was decreased with increasing body mass index (BMI).

Methods

Seventy-one consecutive patients with excisions for HS were retrospectively evaluated for demographic data, number of excisions, the total area of excised skin, need for skin grafting, and BMI. Patients were stratified for BMI and underwent logistic regression to compare all other variables.

Results

Average for BMI was 30.8 ± 7.72, age was 36.89 ±13.52, area excised was 743 cm2 ± 774 cm2, mean operating room trips were 2.62 ± 1.59, and skin grafting was 0.52 ± 0.55. Patients were 60% male. Forty out of 71 patients were obese. There was no correlation between age, BMI, sex, thenumber of excisions, amount of skin excised, or need for a skin graft. There was a statistically significant relationship between the amount of skin excised and the need for skin grafting ( P = .006).

Conclusions

The amount of skin affected by HS appears to be independent of patient BMI. The need for skin grafting is solely dependent upon the amount of tissue excised.

Applicability of research to practice

This knowledge will help preoperative planning for all patients with HS, regardless of BMI.
The Effect of Infrastructure and Logistics Performance on Economic Performance: The Mediation Role of International Trade
Authors: Yeo Alassane D. , Deng Aimin , Nadiedjoa Todine Y.
Published: October 2020

This paper evaluates the effect of infrastructure and logistics performance on economic performance. In addition, the mediating role of international trade on the relationship between infrastructure and economic performance, and logistics performance and economic performance, respectively. Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA) was proposed as a Component-Based Approach to Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test several hypotheses regarding the interaction of the latent variable. Furthermore, the mediation analysis using regression was performed. Based on data from middle income selected countries, the hypothesis about the mediation role of international trade was partially supported. Our results also suggest that infrastructure and logistics performance improvements may enhance middle-income countries sustainable growth with increasing international trade volume.

JEL: F43, L90, P33
Limited Capacity of Railways for Coal Transportation in India: Evidence from ArcGIS-based Load Flow Study
Authors: Gupta Rajesh , Kozyreva Ekaterina , Chistyakov Pavel , Lavrinenko Petr , Smirnov Igor
Published: October 2020

How much coal will India need to transport in future and is the rail network poised to handle that requirement are two important questions for the emerging economy. To find answers to these questions, this study creates a distribution model of coal freight traffic on Indian Railways, analyzing the sufficiency of infrastructure for future economic needs. Using data on spatial distribution of coal mines, coal traffic volumes and rail sectional capacities, this study creates sectional capacity maps as main visual tool for analysis. Sections with bottlenecks are identified for next ten years’ coal transport need of the country. The simulation done in this study finds 15% under-delivery for the 900mT coal demand in the country by 2030 due to transport bottlenecks. Based on this analysis, the article presents the conclusions on possible influence of existing conditions of coal transportation on India’s economy in the long-term period and also considers the role of dedicated freight.

JEL Codes: E17, L92, L98, R41, R42
Boundaries, Intersections, and the Parting of Ways in the Letter of James
Authors: Elkins Kathleen Gallagher , Bolin Thomas M.
Published: October 2020

The letter of James reveals long embedded anti-Semitic elements at work in the articulation of the distinction between Judaism and Christianity. However, careful examination of the text and the history of the early synagogue and church challenges us to rethink how (and whether) Judaism and Christianity have parted ways. James’s use of biblical traditions is not simply an embrace of torah piety or “works righteousness,” but rather a careful juxtaposition of wisdom and prophetic traditions aimed to call the letter’s first readers, and us, to move toward the margins of our ecclesial, academic, and wider communities.
The Varieties of Pain: Re-examining the Setting and Purpose of 2 Corinthians with Paul’s λυπ- Words
Authors: White B.G.
Published: October 2020

Most interpreters assume that the pain (λύπη) created by Paul’s previous visit and letter (2 Cor. 2.1-7) has ceased because it appears indistinguishable from the fleeting ‘godly grief’ (7.5-16). This enables the view that the material constituting 2 Corinthians is largely offensive and directed at a hostile congregation. But a closer study of λυπ- words demonstrates that their semantic range incorporates Corinthian despair, heartbreak, and bitterness. These emotions are distinct from the godly grief and, upon surveying select passages, it is evident that the Corinthians can be understood to have ongoing pains. This significantly alters the situation – the community’s rebellion is fueled by troubling emotive experiences – and further reveals Paul’s overlooked agenda of communal transformation.
Precarious Manhood Predicts Support for Aggressive Policies and Politicians
Authors: DiMuccio Sarah H. , Knowles Eric D.
Published: October 2020

Precarious manhood (PM) theory posits that males are expected to actively maintain their reputations as “real men.” We propose that men’s concern about failing to meet masculine standards leads them to embrace policies and politicians that signal strength and toughness—or what we term political aggression. Three correlational studies support this claim. In Study 1, men’s fear of failing to meet masculine expectations predicted their support for aggressive policies (e.g., the death penalty), but not policies lacking aggressive features (e.g., affirmative action). Studies 2 and 3 utilized Google searches to assess the relationship between regional levels of PM and real-world electoral behavior. The use of search terms related to masculine anxieties correlated with Donald Trump’s vote share in the 2016 general election (Study 2) and, confirming preregistered predictions, with Republican candidates’ vote shares in 2018 congressional elections (Study 3). We close by discussing potential sources of variation in PM.
Manual Scavenging in Mumbai: The Systems of Oppression
Authors: Dubey Sheeva Y. , Murphy John W.
Published: October 2020

Manual scavenging is widely practiced in densely populated cities and not just villages in India. The country’s sanitation workers are dying in large numbers due to suffocation inside manholes while cleaning sewer waste. This article presents some of the concerns and conditions of manual scavengers in Mumbai, the most populated metropolitan city in India. While most studies and reports bring out statistics on the issue, the point of this study is to enter the worlds of manual scavengers and learn about their lived experiences and narratives. This is a qualitative exploration done among multiple communities of manual scavengers all over Mumbai. This article tells the story of how manual scavengers are exploited by their employers as the government and society look away, avoiding seeing, hearing, or coming in direct contact with manual scavengers while benefiting from their labor and exploitation. The lived experiences of manual scavengers in Mumbai illustrate the complementary play of caste and class in upholding the oppression and continuing the violence directed to manual scavengers.
Performance of the Xpert® MTB/RIF assay in the rapid diagnosis of tracheobronchial tuberculosis using bronchial washing fluid
Authors: Song Yan-Hua , Li Qiang , Ma Li-Ping , Liu Rong-Mei , Jiang Guang-Lu , Li Qi , Gao Meng-Qiu
Published: October 2020

Objective

To assess the diagnostic value of the Xpert® MTB/RIF (GeneXpert) assay for tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TBTB) using bronchial washing fluid (BWF).

Methods

This retrospective study enrolled patients suspected of having TBTB and patients with non-TB pulmonary disease as controls. BWF were used to undertake acid-fast bacillus (AFB) smears, the GeneXpert assay and the Lӧwenstein–Jensen (LJ) culture method. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were compared among BWF AFB smears, BWF GeneXpert and the BWF LJ culture method.

Results

A total of 130 patients with TBTB and 102 patients with non-TB pulmonary disease were enrolled in the study. Sputum AFB smears were positive in 62 of 130 patients (47.7%) with TBTB. Using the clinical diagnosis of TBTB as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of the three methods using BWF were as follows: 93.1%, 99.0%, 99.2% and 91.8% for BWF GeneXpert; 73.1%, 100.0%, 100.0% and 74.5% for BWF LJ cultures; 53.8%, 99.0%, 98.6% and 62.7% for BWF AFB smears. The diagnostic yield of BWF GeneXpert was significantly higher compared with BWF cultures for type III and IV TBTB.

Conclusion

The Xpert® MTB/RIF assay using BWF exhibited higher sensitivity than bacteriological diagnostic methods and was particularly useful for the early diagnosis of smear-negative TBTB.
A rare case of coexistence of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 3 with growth hormone deficiency and hyperthyroidism in a patient with pseudo-Turner’s syndrome
Authors: Zhou Weibin , Lin Haiyang , Chen Min , Ning Jianwen
Published: October 2020

Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS) is a rare disease that is characterized by autoimmune reactions to multiple endocrine and non-endocrine organs, which can be divided into four main types. The principal manifestations of APS-3 are autoimmune thyroid disease and other autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, atrophic gastritis, pernicious anemia, vitiligo, alopecia, and myasthenia gravis, but not Addison’s disease or hypoparathyroidism. Here we report a case demonstrating the rare coexistence of growth hormone deficiency and hyperthyroidism with sexual dysgenesis, secondary amenorrhea, cardiomegaly, splenomegaly, hypoproteinemia, pleural effusion, seroperitoneum, pericardial effusion, anasarca, osteoporosis, vitamin D deficiency, iron-deficiency anemia, poor blood coagulation, leucocytopenia, peripheral neuropathy, hyperuricemia, ichthyosis, tinea cruris, and onychomycosis.
Comparison of two different shapes of stylets for intubation with the McGrath MAC® video laryngoscope: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lim Hyunyoung , Cha Yun-Byeong , Ryu Kyoung-Ho , Lee Sung Hyun , Cho Eun-Ah
Published: October 2020

Objective

This study was performed to compare two different shapes of stylets, 60° and J-shaped stylets, for intubation using the McGrath MAC® video laryngoscope (MVL).

Methods

Two hundred twenty-two patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia were randomly allocated to Group J (n = 111) or Group 60° (n = 111) and intubated using the MVL with the stylet bent into the allocated shape. The time to intubation (TTI) and other intubating profiles were compared between the groups. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between factors related to difficult intubation and TTI.

Results

The TTI was not different between the two groups. There were also no differences in the intubating profiles between the two groups. In both groups, the TTI was longer with a modified Mallampati score (mMS) of ≥3 and percentage of glottic opening (POGO) score of <50. In Group J, the TTI was longer with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥30 kg/m2.

Conclusion

The TTI during tracheal intubation with the MVL was not different between the two groups. The TTI was longer with an mMS of ≥3 and POGO score of <50. In Group J, the TTI was longer with a BMI of ≥30 kg/m2.
Managing daily life among people with advanced cancer living at home: Responding to uncertainties related to shifting abilities, home care, and treatment
Authors: Maersk Jesper Larsen , Cutchin Malcolm P , Cour Karen la
Published: October 2020

Introduction

People with advanced cancer are increasingly expected to live at home and manage the consequences of illness and treatment. The purpose of this study was to explore how people with advanced cancer manage the influence of home care and treatment on occupations and habits.

Method

Constructivist grounded theory guided the collection and analysis of data from 22 people with advanced cancer. Data were collected using in-depth interviews and participant diaries.

Findings

Uncertainty about abilities to engage in occupation and home care and treatment delivery disrupted participants’ daily life. Participants employed various strategies to manage uncertainties and to preserve a sense of agency and control.

Conclusions

This study provides insights into how people with advanced cancer manage and respond to the impact of illness, home care, and treatment in their daily life. The findings may aid occupational therapists to develop and deliver interventions that allow their patients to maintain a sense of agency in their daily life.
The Effect of Muslim Religiosity on Youth Delinquency
Authors: Sahin Ismail , Unlu Ali
Published: October 2020

Conceptualizing religiosity as a multidimensional construct, this study aimed to investigate the influence of religiosity on youth delinquency. Three dimensions of religiosity—belief about religion, religious practice, and religious social environment—were examined as predictors of delinquency. The survey data collected in 2010 by the Governance of Istanbul, Istanbul Department of Education, and Istanbul Police Department were used. Participants were high school students ( n = 31,272) between 14 and 18 years. Structural equation modeling was used for statistical analysis and hypothesis testing. The study found a relationship between the dimensions of religiosity and delinquency. While dimensions of beliefs about the religion and religious social environment correlate negatively with delinquency, the dimension of religious practices correlates positively with it. Belief about one’s religion was found to be the strongest of the three dimensions. The findings suggested that religion has the potential to reduce the risk of delinquency among youth. Implications for future research and policy makers were also discussed.
Real Estate Development and Economic Development Planning Education: Pragmatic Turn or Trojan Horse?
Authors: Kim Minjee , Malizia Emil , Nelson Marla , Wolf-Powers Laura , Ganning Joanna , Schrock Greg
Published: October 2020

Development planning agencies seek professionals who understand the real estate process, which has led to an interest in real estate development courses within planning programs; however, educators are skeptical of conflating the two because real estate development is often at odds with the economic development field’s focus on social equity. How should economic development planning educators approach real estate? This article extends the discussion of four panelists at the 2019 Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning (ACSP) conference. A pedagogical approach promoting social equity and economic opportunity along with meaningful returns on real estate investment is one panelists deemed critical.
The Role of Socioeconomic Factors on Women’s Risk of Being Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Ince-Yenilmez Meltem
Published: October 2020

The most important thing learned about intimate partner violence (IPV) over the last 20 years is that violence is gendered and can be learned after faced and can only be understood in the context of gender inequality. To promote gender equality, a number of legal reforms and policies have been put in place over the last decade. The main problem is that there is relationship between all the socioeconomic and demographic factors. This begs the question, does the high educational level, social and economic status of a woman put her at lower risk of experiencing domestic violence? The study hypothesizes that those socioeconomic factors such as literacy, political rights, urbanization, laws against violence, the annual income of women, and the number of women in the labor force can affect IPV prevalence. The study uses secondary data concerning socioeconomic factors from 26 predominantly Muslim countries in Asia-Pacific and North Africa. Findings from the study show that socioeconomic factors such as literacy, political rights, a higher level of urbanization, and the laws against violence have significant impacts and may decrease the prevalence of IPV. However, other socioeconomic factors such as the annual income of women and increased women in the labor force produced unclear results. The test for collinearity on the impacts of each socioeconomic factor against one another was found to be insignificant.
Exclusive, Dual, and Polytobacco Use Among US Adults by Sociodemographic Factors: Results From 3 Nationally Representative Surveys
Authors: Hirschtick Jana L. , Mattingly Delvon T. , Cho Beomyoung , Arciniega Luis Zavala , Levy David T. , Sanchez-Romero Luz Maria , Jeon Jihyoun , Land Stephanie R. , Mistry Ritesh , Meza Rafael , Fleischer Nancy L.
Published: October 2020

Purpose:

To provide tobacco product use patterns for US adults by sociodemographic group.

Design:

A secondary analysis of Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (2014-15), National Health Interview Survey (2015), and Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (2015-16).

Setting:

United States.

Sample:

Three nationally representative samples of adults (N = 28,070-155,067).

Measures:

All possible combinations of cigarette, Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS), other combustible product, and smokeless tobacco use, defined as current use every day or some days.

Analysis:

Weighted population prevalence and proportion among tobacco users of exclusive, dual, and polyuse patterns by sex, race/ethnicity, education, income, and age.

Results:

Exclusive cigarette use was the most prevalent pattern (10.9-12.8% of US population). Dual and polyuse were less prevalent at the population level (2.6-5.2% and 0.3-1.3%, respectively) but represented 16.7-25.5% of product use among tobacco users. Cigarette plus ENDS use was similar by sex, but men were more likely to be dual users of cigarettes plus other combustibles or smokeless tobacco. Among race/ethnic subgroups, non-Hispanic (NH) Whites were most likely to use cigarettes plus ENDS, while NH Blacks were most likely to use cigarettes plus other combustibles. Dual and polyuse were generally less common among adults with higher education, income, and age.

Conclusion:

Differences in product use patterns by sociodemographic group likely represent different risk profiles with important implications for resulting health disparities.
Influences of Social Media Marketing Tools Towards Online Purchases: Nuances from Undergraduate Students in Nigeria Public Universities
Authors: Wali Andy Fred , Cyprian Jackson , Nkpurukwe Obabuike Ikeni
Published: October 2020

The study investigates the influence of social media (SM) marketing tools on online purchases (OP) of undergraduates in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The qualitative multi-methods (focus groups and secondary data) were employed for data collection and the study involved 17 respondents from undergraduate studies in selected public universities in Nigeria. The researchers’ employed thematic and content analysis techniques with the use of NVivo 12 software for critical and rigorous analysis. Among the findings are that undergraduate students from selected public Universities in Port Harcourt spend much time on Facebook, Instagram and YouTube than other SM platforms; seven themes emerged as basic frameworks that could be leveraged by online businesses in order to enhance positive OP behaviour. The study contributes to technology adoption model.
Bringing linguistic research into legal scholarship and practice
Authors: Grey Alexandra , Smith-Khan Laura
Published: October 2020

This article suggests a cohesive articulation of the shared basis upon which the interdisciplinary research field of law and linguistics is developing, organising the research around the familiar three branches of the state: legislature, executive and judiciary, thus providing a map oriented towards non-linguists and legal practitioners. It also invites interdisciplinary scholars to critically reflect on future directions for this research area. This effort to redress the lack of recognition within the law of relevant linguistic research is part of our pursuit of an alternative and more collaborative approach to legal scholarship and law reform addressing issues of communicative barriers and linguistic injustice.
Fluid-structure interaction simulations for a temperature-sensitive functionally graded hydrogel-based micro-channel
Authors: Ghasemkhani Amir , Mazaheri Hashem , Amiri Arya
Published: October 2020

The behavior of a temperature-sensitive micro-channel have been investigated in this study which mainly includes a functionally graded (FG) hydrogel as a sensor or an actuator. In order to achieve this goal, both fluid-structure interaction (FSI) and non-FSI simulations are conducted for hydrogel with homogeneous property distribution as well as FG hydrogels with different number of layers (2–16 layers). Moreover, this study investigates the FG hydrogel cross-linking density that obeys a general exponential form. In addition to all mentioned, the FG hydrogels are considered in both ascending and descending states with vertically and horizontally functionally graded property distributions (VFG and HFG hydrogels). Subsequently, the importance of the difference between the FG and homogenous hydrogels has been highlighted in the findings of the study. Besides, the FSI influence has a vital role in these structures especially once an FG material is utilized. According to the findings, the ascending and descending distributions of the hydrogel properties may significantly affect the micro-channel behavior, especially in horizontally graded type. This process can be done in a way that for descending distribution of HFG there exist no closing state for the micro-channel.
Comparison of Corresponding Scores From the Cleft Hearing Appearance and Speech Questionnaire (CHASQ) and CLEFT-Q in Swedish Patients With Cleft Lip and/or Palate
Authors: Stiernman Mia , Klintö Kristina , Persson Martin , Becker Magnus
Published: October 2020

Objective:

The primary aim of this study was to compare corresponding scores between 2 existing cleft-specific patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs)—Cleft Hearing Appearance and Speech Questionnaire (CHASQ) and CLEFT-Q. The second aim of the study was to investigate patient opinion on the 2 PROMs.

Design:

Cross-sectional questionnaire study.

Setting:

Participants were recruited from a University Hospital. They answered CHASQ and CLEFT-Q either in the hospital or at home.

Participants:

Thirty-three participants with cleft lip and/or palate, aged 10 to 19 years.

Main Outcome Measure:

CHASQ and CLEFT-Q.

Results:

The CHASQ scores and the corresponding CLEFT-Q scores on appearance correlated significantly. Corresponding scores regarding speech did not correlate significantly. A majority, 15 (58%) participants, answered that they liked CLEFT-Q more than CHASQ, 18 participants (69%) thought CHASQ was easier to complete, and 19 (76%) thought CLEFT-Q would better inform health care professionals.

Conclusion:

Both instruments showed strengths and limitations. Clinicians will have to consider each instrument’s respective qualities when choosing to implement either PROM.
Effects of age and task difficulty on postural sway, variability and complexity
Authors: Shafizadeh Mohsen , Parvinpour Shahab , Balali Marzie , Shabani Mohsen
Published: October 2020

This study aimed to examine the effects of age and the task difficulty on postural sway, variability and complexity. The participants were 90 able-bodied individuals including children ( n = 39; age: 5.89 ± 0.94 years), young adults ( n = 30; age: 23.23 ± 1.61 years) and older adults ( n = 21; age: 64.59 ± 5.24 years) who took part in different balance tasks that had different levels of cognitive and physical challenges. The main dependent variables were postural sway area, postural variability and postural complexity. The participants stood on a standard force plate for 10 s in each task condition, and the centre of pressure displacement was collected at 100-Hz sampling frequency. The results of this study showed that children and older adults, in the more difficult tasks, had greater sway area and complexity and less postural variability. In addition, there was a linear trend in the stability measures as the difficulty of the task was increased. In conclusion, special populations, such as children and older adults, were more sensitive to the balance changes and used active control mechanisms to minimise the risk of losing balance in more challenging conditions.
Efficacy of Methocarbamol for Acute Pain Management in Young Adults With Traumatic Rib Fractures
Authors: Deloney Lindsay P. , Smith Condeni Melanie , Carter Cassandra , Privette Alicia , Leon Stuart , Eriksson Evert A.
Published: October 2020

Background:

Rib fractures account for more than one-third of blunt thoracic injuries and are associated with serious complications. Use of nonopioid adjunctive agents such as methocarbamol for pain control has increased considerably.

Objective:

This study aimed to assess the impact of methocarbamol addition to the pain control regimen on daily opioid requirements for young adults with rib fractures.

Methods:

This observational, retrospective study included patients aged 18 to 39 years with 3 or more rib fractures who were admitted to a level 1 trauma center between July 2014 and July 2018. Patients were dichotomized based on admission before and after methocarbamol addition to the institutional rib fracture protocol. The primary outcome was to determine the impact of methocarbamol on daily opioid requirements. Secondary outcomes included hospital length of stay (LOS) and diagnosis of pneumonia.

Results:

A total of 50 patients were included, with 22 and 28 patients in the preprotocol and postprotocol groups, respectively. All patients in the latter group received methocarbamol, whereas no patient in the preprotocol group received methocarbamol. Cumulative opioid exposure was significantly less for patients admitted after methocarbamol addition to the protocol (219 vs 337 mg oral morphine equivalents; P = 0.01), and hospital LOS was also decreased (4 vs 3 days; P = 0.03). No significant differences in the incidence of pneumonia or adverse effects were observed.

Conclusion and Relevance:

This is the first study to evaluate the impact of methocarbamol on reducing opioid requirements. Given the risks associated with opioids, use of methocarbamol as an analgesia-optimizing, opioid-sparing multimodal agent may be reasonable.
Activating Embodied Imagination During COVID-19: A Performative Reflexive Autoethnography
Authors: DeGarmo Mark B.
Published: October 2020

Embodied imagination is a learning theory that reverses the accepted Western “think first, then act” learning sequence though movement improvisation followed by reflection and reflective methods across verbal and nonverbal, including embodied-kinesthetic, modalities. Healing the Cartesian divide might have positive effects on world cultures and people across socioeconomic strata, especially urgent during the COVID-19 pandemic as multiple disruptions to daily life have quickly increased uncertainty and stress, compromising health and well-being, especially of traditionally marginalized excluded People of Color. Expanding the performative reflexive autoethnographic project through embodied imagination broadens and deepens this global, transcultural, transdisciplinary effort through the human body, traditionally not considered human thinking’s locus. Benefits across global societies include greater self-care, the ability to act effectively quickly in response to a world with exponentially increasing complexity, and awareness that creativity is a global communitarian human birthright, not a rarity relegated to exceptional people.
Social and Economic Costs of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Across the Lifespan
Authors: Sciberras Emma , Streatfeild Jared , Ceccato Tristan , Pezzullo Lynne , Scott James G. , Middeldorp Christel M. , Hutchins Paul , Paterson Roger , Bellgrove Mark A. , Coghill David
Published: October 2020

Objective:

To determine the financial and non-financial costs of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) across the lifespan.

Method:

The population costs of ADHD in Australia were estimated for the financial year 2018 to 2019 using a prevalence approach to cost estimation across all ages. Financial (healthcare, productivity, education and justice systems, and deadweight losses) and non-financial costs were measured (Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs)).

Results:

The total social and economic cost of ADHD in 2018 to 2019 were US$12.76 billion (range US$8.40 billion to US$17.44 billion, with per person costs of US$15,664 per year). Productivity costs made up 81% of the total financial costs, followed by deadweight losses (11%), and health system costs (4%). Loss in terms of wellbeing was significant (US$5.31 billion).

Conclusion:

There is a need to raise public awareness of the considerable socioeconomic impact and burden of ADHD in order to drive investment and policy decisions that improve identification and treatment of ADHD.
Telemedicine interventions to reduce blood pressure in a chronic disease population: A meta-analysis
Authors: Gao Wenyan , Lv Xiaoling , Xu Xiaogang , Zhang Zhongshan , Yan Jing , Mao Genxiang , Xing Wenmin
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a leading risk factor for many chronic diseases. Many investigations conducted using telemedicine (TM)-based interventions have the potential to control BP. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of TM-based interventions in reducing BP.

Methods

Studies were selected from PubMed, PMC, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mean and standard deviation changes in systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were analysed using standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) with a random-effects model or fixed-effects model to assess the efficiency of controlling BP. Subgroup analysis, influence analysis and publication bias analysis were also conducted.

Results

Sixteen randomised clinical trials were included in this meta-analysis. A TM-based lifestyle intervention significantly reduced daytime SBP (SMD = −0.18, 95% CI −0.27 to −0.10; p < 0.001) and DBP (SMD = −0.18, 95% CI −0.27 to −0.09; p < 0.001). The results of subgroup analysis indicated that this reduction in BP was reliable when BP interventions lasted for 6 months or longer in populations with cardiovascular disease and hypertension. Moreover, the detection data should be delivered by a device system to ensure accuracy.

Discussion

A TM-based intervention could reduce daytime SBP and DBP in populations with hypertension and cardiovascular disease. This review provides intuitive evidence of a reduction in BP using TM-based interventions.
Towards an understanding of translanguaging in EMI teacher education classrooms
Authors: Yuan Rui , Yang Min
Published: October 2020

This study aims to explore a teacher educator’s perceptions and practice of translanguaging in his education classrooms as a teacher of English as a medium of instruction (EMI). Adopting a qualitative case study approach, the research revealed that the teacher educator used three translanguaging strategies (i.e. integrating academic discourse with everyday discourse, linking verbal and other semiotic resources, and using students’ first language) to create a ‘translanguaging space’ in his EMI classrooms for content teaching and learning. The findings also showed that the teacher educator’s translanguaging practice was both planned and generative, depending on his situated teaching context which presented him with various teaching opportunities and challenges (e.g. students’ resistance and university policy). The study highlights the importance of teacher educators’ reflective practice in their execution and improvement of translanguaging practice in EMI classroom settings.
Picture-perfect populism: Tracing the rise of European populist parties on Facebook
Authors: Larsson Anders Olof
Published: October 2020

This article presents a longitudinal, structural study where party and citizen activity on Facebook is studied over a 10-year period, outlining the growing importance of audio-visual content for online campaigning purposes – as well as the rise of populist parties on the same platform. The study shows that an overall increased focus on video as a means of communication emerges as especially pertinent for native Facebook functionalities. This could have repercussions for how online political communication messages are fashioned – and also for the dependencies on platforms that are supposedly strengthened as parties make choices regarding where to invest their campaign resources. In terms of citizen engagement, the results indicate the dominance of populist parties, who have strengthened their positions on the studied platform. The dominance of populist actors will likely have repercussions for the algorithmic spread of political messages – as well as for the ways in which political messages are shaped.
The genetic polymorphisms of angiotensin converting enzyme insertion/deletion and glioma susceptibility: A meta-analysis
Authors: Sun Meili , Fang Yuying , Ma Shuzhen , Gao Ximei , Sun Yuping
Published: October 2020

Objective:

The previous studies on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) genetic polymorphism and glioma risk were inconsistent. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the association between ACE I/D polymorphisms and glioma risk.

Methods and Results:

In total, four populations (1110 cases and 1335 controls) on ACE I/D polymorphism were included. Overall, the meta-analysis demonstrated no significant association between ACE I/D polymorphism and glioma risk. In addition, the analysis of the association of ACE I/D polymorphism and clinical grade also showed no significant association.

Conclusion:

Our meta-analysis didn’t find a significant association between ACE I/D polymorphism glioma risk. However, further studies with larger sample size and more ethnic groups are required to confirm the results.
National dementia supporter programme in Japan
Authors: Aihara Yoko , Maeda Kiyoshi
Published: October 2020

Due to the growing number of people with dementia worldwide, the role of dementia supporters is becoming increasingly important. In 2005, a national campaign called the Dementia Supporter Caravan was launched in Japan. However, the impact these trainings have on facilitating the work of dementia supporters is not quite understood. This study aimed to assess the challenges faced by dementia supporters in conducting activities for people with dementia. Our results showed that even after a period of six months since the training session, only half of the supporters had commenced new support activities. Future studies should examine the impact activities conducted by dementia supporters have on people with dementia and their family caregivers.
Clinical-Pathologic Analysis of Breast Cancer With PIK3CA Mutations in Chinese Women
Authors: Lian Jing , Xu En-Wei , Xi Yan-Feng , Wang Hui-Wen , Bu Peng , Wang Jin-fen , Wang Li-Xia
Published: October 2020

Purpose:

Mutations of PIK3CA have recently been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of breast neoplasms. The prevalence of PIK3CA in Chinese breast cancer patients may be underestimated. Therefore, we investigated the distribution of somatic PIK3CA mutation in Chinese breast cancer patients and explored their role in tumor phenotypes.

Methods:

Mutational analysis of PIK3CA was done in 113 primary breast cancers of Chinese women used Amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS). The relationship of PIK3CA mutations with several clinicopathologic characteristics was analyzed.

Results:

PIK3CA gene mutation was identified in 43(38.05%) cases and has a more significant difference between exon 9 and 20. HER2 gene amplification was 32.6% in 43 cases of PIK3CA mutation, but 37.1% in 70 cases of non-mutation (χ2 = 0.245, P > 0.05). There was no significant correlation of the age distribution, lymph node status, histological tumor grading, ER and/or PR and P53 between 2 groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

A high frequency of somatic PIK3CA mutation was detected in Chinese breast cancer patients, especially in exon 20. The relationship between PIK3CA gene mutation and clinical pathological features of breast cancer needs to be further studied in a large series of patients. PIK3CA mutations seem to have the potential to be used in target treatment and as an indicator of prognosis.
Treatment of Post-Evar Aortoduodenal Fistula Without Endograft Excision
Authors: Joshi Gaurang , Ogbudinkpa Chinelo , Stecher Johanna , Khoury Rym El , Resnick Daniel J. , Jacobs Chad E. , White John V. , Schwartz Lewis B.
Published: October 2020

An 80 year-old gentleman presented with aortoduodenal fistula 2 months after uncomplicated endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Upon laparotomy and fistula takedown, there was no active hemorrhage from the excluded aneurysm. It was theorized the fistula had originated from an occult type II endoleak which had since thrombosed. The duodenum was repaired primarily; the anterior defect in the aneurysm sac was packed and covered with omentum. The patient recovered uneventfully and remains well after 9 months. This is the first case, to our knowledge, of a post-EVAR aortoduodenal fistula successfully treated without endograft excision.
The First Unprovoked Seizure in Typically Developing Children: A Real-Life Setting in Southern Brazil
Authors: de Rezende Machado Mayara , Bruck Isac , de Paola Luciano , Cat Mônica Nunes Lima , Antoniuk Sérgio Antonio , Silvado Carlos Eduardo Soares
Published: October 2020

Aim

To describe the first unprovoked seizure in typically developing children, its clinical characteristics, recurrence rate, and possible risk factors in a real-life setting in Southern Brazil.

Method

In this retrospective cohort study, medical records of typically developing children aged 28 days to 14 years who had a first unprovoked seizure in a single tertiary care center were reviewed, in a 10-year period (2006-2016).

Results

Seventy-four children were included, 41 males and 33 females. The most frequent age group of the first seizure was 5 to 10 years and seizure main type was focal (50%). Most seizures occurred while children were awake (70%). All patients underwent an electroencephalogram (EEG), which was normal in 44.6%. Neuroimaging was performed in 81%, in 2 cases the etiology was considered structural, the remaining was classified as unknown. Median follow-up period was 32.5 months. Seizure recurrence rate was 56.7% and age younger than 5 years was a possible risk factor.

Interpretation

In the subpopulation of Brazilian typically developing children with a first unprovoked epileptic seizure there is a high recurrence rate. An abnormal EEG was a common finding, although it was not associated with a higher risk of seizure recurrence. A possible risk factor was age younger than 5 years, which may suggest a more rigorous follow-up of these patients.
The $12,000 Tweet: A Collision at the Intersection of Social Media and Copyright Law
Authors: Hickman Barbara
Published: October 2020

The use of social media may be contributing to violations of copyright law and can create legal challenges for school districts trying to balance ease of communication and First Amendment freedom of speech rights against compliance with federal regulations. In this case, a district is threatened with a lawsuit for copyright violation when one of the employees retweets a trademarked phrase. The case explores how school districts monitor copyright law, issues surrounding social media accounts for teachers and other employees such as coaches, the district’s liability for what is shared on those accounts, professional development, and possible board and district responses.
Electromechanical coupling dynamic modeling and analysis of vertical electrodynamic shaker considering low frequency lateral vibration
Authors: Zuo Shuguang , Feng Zhaoyang , Pan Jian , Wu Xudong
Published: October 2020

For the problem of relatively severe lateral vibration found in the vertical electrodynamic shaker experiment, an electromechanical coupling dynamic model of the electrodynamic shaker considering low-frequency lateral vibration is proposed. The reason and mechanism of the lateral vibration is explained and analyzed through this model. To establish this model, an electromagnetic force model of overall conditions is firstly built by fitting force samples with neural network method. The force samples are obtained by orthogonal test of finite element simulation, in which five factors of the moving coil including current, vertical position, flipping eccentricity angle, radial translational eccentric direction and distance are considered. Secondly, a 7-dof dynamic model of the electrodynamic shaker is developed with the consideration of the lateral vibration of the moving system. To obtain the transfer function accurately, the stiffness and damping parameters are identified. Finally, an electromechanical dynamic model is established by coupling the force model and the 7-dof dynamic model, and it is verified by experiments. The coupling model proposed can be further used for the control and optimization of the electrodynamic shaker.