bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digoxin for reduction of circulating tumor cell cluster size in metastatic breast cancer: a proof-of-concept trial
Authors: Kurzeder Christian , Nguyen-Sträuli Bich Doan , Krol Ilona , Ring Alexander , Castro-Giner Francesc , Nüesch Manuel , Asawa Simran , Zhang Yu Wei , Budinjas Selina , Gvozdenovic Ana , Vogel Maren , Kohler Angela , Grašič Kuhar Cvetka , Schwab Fabienne D. , Heinzelmann-Schwarz Viola , Weber Walter Paul , Rochlitz Christoph , Vorburger Denise , Frauchiger-Heuer Heike , Witzel Isabell , Wicki Andreas , Kuster Gabriela M. , Vetter Marcus , Aceto Nicola
Published: January 2025

The presence of circulating tumor cell (CTC) clusters is associated with disease progression and reduced survival in a variety of cancer types. In breast cancer, preclinical studies showed that inhibitors of the Na+/K+ ATPase suppress CTC clusters and block metastasis. Here we conducted a prospective, open-label, proof-of-concept study in women with metastatic breast cancer, where the primary objective was to determine whether treatment with the Na+/K+ ATPase inhibitor digoxin could reduce mean CTC cluster size. An analysis of nine patients treated daily with a maintenance digoxin dose (0.7–1.4 ng ml−1 serum level) revealed a mean cluster size reduction of −2.2 cells per cluster upon treatment (P = 0.003), meeting the primary endpoint of the study. Mechanistically, transcriptome profiling of CTCs highlighted downregulation of cell–cell adhesion and cell-cycle-related genes upon treatment with digoxin, in line with its cluster-dissolution activity. No treatment-related adverse events occurred. Thus, our data provide a first-in-human proof of principle that digoxin treatment leads to a partial CTC cluster dissolution, encouraging larger follow-up studies with refined Na+/K+ ATPase inhibitors and that include clinical outcome endpoints. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03928210.
Caustic recovery from caustic-containing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) washing wastewater generated during the recycling of plastic bottles
Authors: Alterkaoui Aya , Eskikaya Ozan , Keskinler Bulent , Dizge Nadir , Balakrishnan Deepanraj , Hiremath Pavan , Naik Nithesh
Published: January 2025

To prevent water scarcity, wastewater must be discharged to the surface or groundwater after being treated. Another method is to reuse wastewater in some areas after treatment and evaluate it as much as possible. In this study, it is aimed to recover and reuse the caustic (sodium hydroxide, NaOH) used in the recycling of plastic bottles from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) washing wastewater. Chemical substances used in the industry will be significantly reduced with chemical recovery from wastewater. Ultrafiltration (UP150) and nanofiltration (NP010 and NP030) membranes were used for this purpose in our study. Before using nanofiltration membranes, pre-treatment was performed with coagulation-flocculation process to reduce the pollutant accumulation on the membranes. Different coagulants and flocculants were used to find suitable coagulants and flocculants in pre-treatment. The pre-treated wastewater using aluminum oxide, which supplied the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal (76.0%), was used in a dead-end filtration system to be filtered through NP010 and NP030 membranes at different pressures (10–30 bar). In the same filtration system, raw wastewater was filtered through a UP150 membrane. Among these treatment scenarios, the best method that could remove pollutants and provide NaOH recovery was selected. After each treatment, pH, conductivity, COD, and NaOH analyses were performed. The maximum NaOH recovery (98.6%) was obtained with the UP150 membrane at 5 bar.
Biocementation beyond the Petri dish, scaling up to 900 L batches and a meter-scale column
Authors: Terzis Dimitrios , Perego Camilla , Cappa Margherita , Pianta Elisa , Mauri Federica , Principi Pamela
Published: January 2025

Microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP), which leverages ureolytic microorganisms, has received significant attention during the past decade as a promising method for sustainable building and geoenvironmental applications. However, transitioning from lab-scale experimentation to volumes suitable for practical use poses challenges. This study addresses these obstacles by screening and analyzing over 50 strains sourced from (i) a natural environment in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland; (ii) microorganism banks; and (iii) an industry-scale bioreactor. Several ureolytic Sporosarcina species have been identified in the natural environment, and their ureolytic potential has been compared with that of other strains. A reference, banked microorganism yielded the highest ureolysis rate. When this latter strain was inoculated in 900 L batches and continuously cultivated at 5400 L, no contamination issues were observed, and the reference strain remained the dominant species. The produced culture, obtained under an optimized medium composition involving the circular valorization of NH4
+, was subsequently used to induce the biocementation of a 650 kg column of 0–1 mm sand. The results reveal the successful stabilization of the whole mass, with undrained Tresca strength values ranging from 90 to 140 kPa. This research lays the groundwork for scalable MICP production, which is capable of meeting the demands of real-world building and geoenvironmental projects.
A lanmodulin-based fluorescent assay for the rapid and sensitive detection of rare earth elements
Authors: Wang QiKe , Yu JieMiao , Zhong ZhaoXiang , Hui Cai , Zhang Yi , liu Huizhou , Yang LiangRong
Published: January 2025

A rapid, sensitive fluorescence method using FITC-Hans-Lanmodulin enables the selective detection of rare earth elements, with a detection limit of 0.512 nM for Nd3+within 1 minute.
Screening analysis of doping agents in horse urine and plasma with dilute and shoot using liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Göktaş Eylem Funda , Kabil Erol , Söylemez Yeşilçimen Esma , Dirikolu Levent
Published: January 2025

A screening protocol was developed and validated by HPLC-HRMS for more than 200 analytes applying a dilute and shoot method required only 100 μL of horse urine or plasma samples by the same preparation procedure.
Integrating a greener RP-HPLC method and chemical pattern recognition for the identification of Acorus calamus L. and its common adulterants in Indian markets
Authors: Chaudhary Mridul Kant , Misra Ankita , Tiwari Adarsh , Sharma Rupali , Lale Sanjeev Kumar , Shiddamallayya Nagayya , Acharya Rabinarayan , Srivastava Sharad
Published: January 2025

This work deals with the development of a greener RP-HPLC method and chemical pattern recognition for the identification of Acorus calamus L. collected from different natural sources and samples traded as ‘Vacha’ in Indian herbal drug markets.
Selective sensing of terbinafine hydrochloride using carbon-based electrodes: a green and sustainable electroanalytical method for pharmaceutical products
Authors: Borges Isabelle de Oliveira , Silva Lima Adriano Rogerio , Gomes dos Santos Neto Antonio , Stulzer Hellen Karine , Jost Cristiane Luisa
Published: January 2025

The first report on the electrochemical behavior of terbinafine using screen-printed carbon electrodes for the electroanalysis of pharmaceuticals. A ready-to-use, eco-friendly electrochemical method for screening and immediate decision-making.
Constructing bottom-up n–p perovskite homojunctions for enhanced performance of electron transport layer-free solar cells
Authors: Chen Xi , Zhong Jun-Xing , Feng Wenhuai , Shen Yujian , Chang Xueqing , Wu Wu-Qiang
Published: January 2025

Successful construction of a bottom-up n–p homojunction within perovskite bulk films enables to enhance the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells without relying on an electron transport layer.
Nanoporous high-entropy alloys and metallic glasses: advanced electrocatalytic materials for electrochemical water splitting
Authors: Zhang Yu , Cai Yangchuan , Ding Yi
Published: January 2025

This feature article summarizes the principles, fabrication techniques, and recent advancements of nanoporous high-entropy alloys and metallic glasses for application in electrochemical water splitting.
Tandem construction of flavone-bridged conjugated porous polymers for photosynthesis of 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans
Authors: Chen Kuan , Shen Hailong , Hu Yansong , Liu Jiyu , Guo Kaixuan , Wang Zengxiang , Huang Qing , Zhang Yuan
Published: January 2025

Conjugated porous polymers bearing flavone moieties were synthesized via a tandem carbonylative Sonogashira coupling/cyclization approach, and were proved to be efficient metal-free photocatalysts for the photosynthesis of 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans.
Long-range ordered high-entropy intermetallics enable stable and efficient hydrogen evolution in seawater
Authors: Liu Yujun , Cai Jian , Zhang Wenchao , Hao Jiace , Zhou Ying , Pan Xiaodan , Zhu Han
Published: January 2025

Long-range ordered high-entropy intermetallics (HEIs) were synthesized via a thermodynamically-driven atomic ordering strategy.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering technique for comprehensive group-based structural identification of coke deposits on deactivated zeolite catalysts
Authors: Wu Guoliang , Bao Qiang , Zhang Jian , Luo Mingjian , Chen Zhirui , Qiao Xue , Hu Yi , Wang Wenlin , Hu Yunfeng
Published: January 2025

A SERS-based coke detection method coupled with the release and dispersion of coke species can effectively identify the group-based structural characteristics of coke species on deactivated zeolite catalysts.
Transforming delayed fluorescence into blue-shifted phosphorescence in aminoboranes via oxygen-to-sulfur substitution on the donor amine
Authors: Muhammed Munthasir Akkarakkaran Thayyil , Jena Satyam , Thilagar Pakkirisamy
Published: January 2025

Tuning the delayed luminescence in aminoborane from TADF to blue-shifted RTP by controlling SOC via heteroatom modulation.
Isozyme-specific inhibition of GSTP1-1: a crucial element in cancer-targeting drugs
Authors: Al-Najjar Belal O. , Helal M. , Saqallah Fadi G. , Bandy B.
Published: January 2025

Selectively targeting cancer cells has been a main challenge in cancer therapy.
Discovery of potent measles virus fusion inhibitor peptides via structure-guided derivatization
Authors: Gao Ziwei , Sasaki Jiei , Suzuki Tateki , Suzuki Tomoaki , Miwa Yuki , Sando Shinsuke , Hashiguchi Takao , Morimoto Jumpei
Published: January 2025

Structure-guided design led to the discovery of a small and potent peptide inhibitor of measles virus fusion protein.
Advanced room-temperature cured encapsulant film for crystalline silicon solar modules: enhancing efficiency with luminescent down-shifting, flame retardancy, and UV resistance
Authors: Qiu Shuang , Qian Huaibo , Sun Jun , Gu Xiaoyu , Wang Haiqiao , Zhang Sheng
Published: January 2025

A multifunctional carbon quantum dot was developed using ammonium polyphosphate and m-phenylenediamine. A downshifted luminescent adhesive film for silicon solar cells was fabricated through a simple, eco-friendly room-temperature curing process.
Photothermal and robust supramolecular soft material crosslinked via dinuclear heterodentate coordination
Authors: Lu Huijuan , Tong Haohan , Gao Bingbing , Zhu Jingyi , Zhang Shuidong
Published: January 2025

Efficient, green, and intrinsic solar-photothermal conversion elastomers are crucial for sustainable energy solutions.
Foundational insights for theranostic applications of magnetoelectric nanoparticles
Authors: Andre Victoria , Abdel-Mottaleb Mostafa , Shotbolt Max , Chen Shawnus , Ramezini Zeinab , Zhang Elric , Conlan Skye , Telisman Ozzie , Liang Ping , Bryant John M. , Chomko Roman , Khizroev Sakhrat
Published: January 2025

An overview of the MENP biological applications discussed in this paper, which have the potential to form theranostic systems in the treatment of various diseases.
Synthesis, characterization and anticancer properties of an oxovanadium(iv)–sunitinib complex
Authors: Robledo Germán López , Santa Maria de la Parra Lucía , Jori Khalil , Scalese Gonzalo , López José Martín Ramallo , Rodenak-Kladniew Boris Emilio , León Ignacio Esteban , Islas María Soledad
Published: January 2025

As part of our efforts to develop novel and more effective metallodrugs, we have synthesized and characterized a new coordination complex between the commercially available drug sunitinib (Sun) and the oxovanadium(iv) cation.
Investigation of the surface and photocatalytic behaviour of copper–iron–molybdate Cu7.26Fe7.26Mo12O48 nanocomposites prepared from discarded printed circuit boards
Authors: Sudarsan Shanmugavel , Venthan Selvam Mullai , Kumar Ponnusamy Senthil , Anandkumar Mariappan , Uchaev D. A. , Trofimov E. A. , Rangasamy Gayathri
Published: January 2025

Waste-printed circuit boards (WPCBs) contain reusable precious metals, making them a valuable secondary resource.
A synthetic approach to heteroleptic Zn2Ln2 complexes featuring photoluminescence, antibacterial and anticancer properties
Authors: Uvarova Marina A. , Dolgushin Fedor M. , Shender Victoriya O. , Metlin Mikhail T. , Metlina Daria A. , Taydakov Ilya V. , Bekker Olga B. , Lutsenko Irina A. , Eremenko Igor L.
Published: January 2025

Heteroleptic Zn2Gd2 and Zn2Eu2 complexes have been synthesized and their photophisical properties have been investigated. The complexes demonstrate antibacterial activity and cytotoxic effect on the cancer cells higher than on healthy fibroblasts.
Sugar-Decorated Cholesterol-Core Nanoparticles as Potential Targeting Nanomedicines for the Delivery of Lipophilic Drugs
Authors: de Barros Lais Rossetto Ferraz , de Castro Carlos E. , Rosso Anabella Patricia , da Costa Duarte Rodrigo , Dal Bó Alexandre Gonçalves , Alves Wendel Andrade , Giacomelli Fernando Carlos
Published: January 2025

Cancer remains a major global health challenge, with chemotherapy being a primary treatment modality. While chemical agents inhibit cancer cell proliferation, their cytotoxicity and limited selectivity often result in severe...
Polycondensation of l-lactic acid: a deeper look into solid state polycondensation
Authors: Kricheldorf Hans R. , Weidner Steffen M. , Scheliga Felix
Published: January 2025

Preformed polylactides with CH-OH and COOH end groups were heated with three different catalysts. Proton-catalyzed esterification favored chain growth, while tin catalysts favored cycle formation.
Stabilization of COOH* intermediate through hydroxylation engineering for remarkably efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Wu Zhende , Xie Jing , Lu Zhenjiang , Hu Jindou , Cao Yali
Published: January 2025

The efficiency of CO2 photoreduction is significantly constrained by uncontrollable reaction intermediates as well as the weak adsorption and tough activation of CO2.
Access to chiral 3-benzylchromanones and 2,6-disubstituted cyclohexanones via Rh-catalyzed chemo- and enantioselective hydrogenation of arylidene chromanones/cyclohexanones
Authors: Guo Qianling , Xie Chaochao , Zi Guofu , Huang Yuping , Hou Guohua
Published: January 2025

A highly chemo- and enantioselective hydrogenation of arylidene chromanones/cyclohexanones catalyzed by the Rh-f-spiroPhos complex has been developed, providing chiral chromanones with up to 98% ee and achieving high turnover numbers (TON = 2000).
SERS profiling of blood serum filtrate components from patients with type II diabetes using 100 kDa filtration devices
Authors: Shoukat Zainub , Atta Rafia , Majeed Muhammad Irfan , Nawaz Haq , Rashid Nosheen , Alshammari Abdulrahman , Albekairi Norah A. , Shahzadi Aleena , Yaseen Sonia , Tahir Amna , Naseer Yasmeen , Fatima Aziz , Tahir Rimsha , Ghafoor Maria , Ali Saqib
Published: January 2025

100 kDa centrifugal filters were used to obtain filtrates from blood serum of type II diabetes patients and healthy volunteers, followed by characterization using nanoparticle-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
Band structure engineering, optical, transport, and photocatalytic properties of pristine and doped Nb3O7(OH): a systematic DFT study
Authors: Khan Wilayat , Tariq Alishba , Minar Jan , Durrani Sawera , Raziq Abdul , Azam Sikander , Saeed Khalid
Published: January 2025

Crystal structures of the parent and Sb/Ta-doped Nb3O7(OH), which is highly attractive photocatalyst.
Optimizing Cs2CuBiBr6 double halide perovskite for solar applications: the role of electron transport layers in SCAPS-1D simulations
Authors: Ferdous Utsho Khandoker Isfaque , Mostafa S. M. G. , Tarekuzzaman Md. , Al-Saleem Muneera S. M. , Nahid Nazmul Islam , Al-Humaidi Jehan Y. , Rasheduzzaman Md. , Rahman Mohammed M. , Hasan Md. Zahid
Published: January 2025

The Cs2CuBiBr6 absorber's (a) crystal arrangement and (b) energy band aligning associated with various ETL materials (WS2, C60, PCBM, and TiO2).
Universal synthesis of single-atom electrocatalysts via in situ fluoride ion etching for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Liu Peng , Ye Jiahui , Deng Kuan , Liu Xuesong , Dong Haohui , Zhang He , Tian Wen , Ji Junyi
Published: January 2025

Universal fabrication strategy of various single-atoms anchored on TiOxNy nanorods is proposed, the synergistic effect of oxygen vacancies anchoring and F–C bonds-assisted stabilization enables high hydrogen evolution activity and stability.
Review of issues and opportunities for glass supply for photovoltaic production at multiterawatt (TW) scale
Authors: Chowdhury Tamal , Dehghanimadvar Mohammad , Chang Nathan L. , Corkish Richard
Published: January 2025

Photovoltaic expansion may face critical supply shortage: low-iron sand and glass factory capacity constraints.
Durable Cu-doped P3-type Na0.62Mn0.75Cu0.19O2 cathodes for high-capacity sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Rakhymbay Lunara , Zhakiyeva Zhanar , Yu Jun Ho , Kim A.-Yeon , Jung Hun-Gi , Bagindyk Zhansaule , Bakenov Zhumabay , Myung Seung-Taek , Konarov Aishuak
Published: January 2025

Cu doping enhances the P3-Na0.62Mn0.75Cu0.19O2 cathode's performance in sodium-ion batteries. It improves electrochemical properties, structural stability, and battery performance, making it a promising material for energy storage applications.
Stabilization of zinc metal electrodes by solvation structure modulation of Zn(NTf2)2 electrolyte additives
Authors: Peng Chunhui , Li Yuqian , Liu Huanrong , Wang Wenju
Published: January 2025

The addition of Zn(NTf2)2 changed the solvation structure of Zn2+, which controlled the distribution of Zn2+ and inhibited dendrite growth, which can extend the service life of the battery and improve its electrochemical performance.
A tumor microenvironment-responsive multifunctional MoS2–Ru nanocatalyst with photothermally enhanced chemodynamic activity
Authors: Sivaselvam S. , Anjana R. S. , Dar Muneer Hussain , Kirthika P. , Jayasree Ramapurath S.
Published: January 2025

MoS2–Ru nanocomposite for TME-driven ˙OH radical cancer therapy, enhanced by photothermal catalytic activity.
Improving the aggregation of layer-by-layer processed all-polymer solar cells with an additive during the film deposition and thermal annealing
Authors: Li Luzhuo , Gao Hanyue , Zuo Mingyu , Shen Yu , Zhang Qiang , Han Yanchun
Published: January 2025

Optimizing the vertical component distribution, aggregation and molecular stacking of the donor and acceptor is an effective strategy to boost the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs).
Enhanced three-photon absorption excited at near-infrared laser pulses and stability of MAPbBr3 quantum dots encapsulated in mesoporous single MOF-5 crystals
Authors: Wang Wenqing , Liu Renhua , Zhu Shaowen , Zhou Minjie , Jin Bing , Lu Shunbin , Liu Min , Su Xuantao , Ji Wei
Published: January 2025

The composite material MAPbBr3@MOF-5 exhibits not only significantly enhanced stability but also superior nonlinear optical properties under near-infrared laser pulse excitation.
Enhancing near-infrared photothermal activity through precise in-plane interface engineering in CuS–Au and CuS@Au ultrathin nanoplates for combating multidrug-resistant bacteria
Authors: Wu Yuxin , He Qi , Zhang Heng , Meng Xiaolin , Min Yuanyuan , Wang Yi , Wu Xiaohu , Zhang Pu , Ma Yanyun , Zheng Yiqun
Published: January 2025

Ultrathin two-dimensional hybrid nanostructures are crafted with well-designed copper sulfide–gold interfaces, demonstrating exceptional near-infrared photothermal properties to kill multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Efficient and low roll-off solution-processed sky-blue TADF emitters via hetero-donor and space modification strategies
Authors: Shi Hao-Nan , Xie Feng-Ming , Li Hao-Ze , Li Yan-Qing , Tang Jian-Xin
Published: January 2025

A multi-dimensional shielding acceptor structure endows TADF molecules with a large steric hindrance and manipulates molecular stacking, resulting in an external quantum efficiency of 24.1% for solution-processed sky-blue OLEDs.
Electrolyte composition dependent Li-ion binding and degradation of organic radical battery material
Authors: Daniel Davis Thomas , Veroutis Emmanouil , Schleker P. Philipp M. , Eichel Rüdiger-A. , Granwehr Josef
Published: January 2025

A combination of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and theoretical modelling enables insight into active material-electrolyte interactions and electrolyte degradation in the case of organic battery materials.
Modular assembly of amines and diborons with photocatalysis enabled halogen atom transfer of organohalides for C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond formation
Authors: Liang Rong-Bin , Miao Ting-Ting , Li Xiang-Rui , Huang Jia-Bo , Ni Shao-Fei , Li Sanliang , Tong Qing-Xiao , Zhong Jian-Ji
Published: January 2025

A new photocatalytic approach by using the assembly of DABCO A1 and B2Nep2B1 has been established to enable the cross-coupling of organohalides and alkenes for C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond formation.
Design of a novel robust adaptive backstepping controller optimized by snake algorithm for buck‐boost converter
Authors: Mohammadi Farshid , Kaffash Ali , Donyagozashteh Zahra , Marasi Minoo , Tavakoli Mojtaba
Published: January 2025

A power DC‐DC Buck‐Boost converter is controlled using a Lyapunov‐based Adaptive Backstepping Control (ABSC) technique. It exhibits unfavorable behavior due to its non‐minimum structure, necessitating a well‐regulated controller to guarantee stability. This strategy is an enhanced iteration of the technique that uses the stability Lyapunov function to achieve greater stability and improved resistance to disturbances in real‐world scenarios. Furthermore, the Black‐box technique is employed to minimize the computing workload and facilitate implementation, under the assumption that there is no precise mathematical model available for the system. However, in real‐time settings, disruptions with broader scopes such as fluctuations in supply voltage, variations in parameters, and noise might have adverse effects on the functioning of this approach. There is a need to set the most suitable initial gains for the controller to enhance its flexibility in more challenging working conditions. Therefore, to meet this requirement and enhance the effectiveness of the controller, the control scheme integrates a computational method called the Snake optimization (SO) algorithm. The SO method is known for its disciplined and nature‐inspired approach, which results in faster decision‐making and greater accuracy compared to other optimization algorithms. In order to further explain the advantages of this method, classical Backstepping and SO‐based PID schemes are also developed and evaluated in various scenarios. The effectiveness of this approach is tested in both simulation and experimental environments, showing significant outcomes and lower sensitivity to error.
Improved loss minimisation control for interior permanent magnet synchronous motor based on loss angle optimisation
Authors: Chen Qihuai , Hu Jiaxing , Lin Tianliang , Fu Shengjie , Ren Haoling
Published: January 2025

Due to their high power density and superior drive performance, permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) are extensively utilised in the mobile machine traction systems. Traditional id = 0 control produces relatively low torque per unit of current and is suitable for non‐flux‐weakening control. Traditional maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control can enhance the torque output capability per unit of current, and is mainly used for interior PMSMs (IPMSMs) with salient poles. However, neither id = 0 control nor MTPA control fully considers the impact of copper losses, iron losses, and variations in motor parameters, resulting in suboptimal control efficiency of the PMSM. In this paper, to further enhance the energy efficiency of IPMSMs, models for iron loss and copper loss in IPMSMs are constructed and analysed. Compared to existing minimum loss optimisation algorithms, a minimum loss angle vector control method based on the loss models is proposed. The particle swarm optimisation algorithm is employed to achieve globally optimal d‐q axis current distribution. In addition, considering the influence of parameter variations during the operation of IPMSMs on the efficiency improvement control, online parameter identification of the motor is investigated. Consider the impact of parameter variations on motor performance when using traditional proportional integral (PI) control, a neural network is employed for online tuning of the speed loop of IPMSMs. Experimental research is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed online tuning control algorithm exhibits superior control performance compared to the traditional PI control. Specifically, during the startup phase, the overshoot is reduced by 61.54%, and the adjust time is decreased by 33%. When load variations cause changes in rotational speed, the overshoot is red uced by 33%–60%, and the adjust time is shortened by 34%–50%. Furthermore, the minimum loss angle control can improve energy efficiency by more than 20% compared to id = 0 control, and by 6%–10% compared to MTPA control.
Development of a scaled‐down single‐viaduct model for comprehensive rail potential monitoring and stray current analysis
Authors: Chuchit Tawat , Ratniyomchai Tosaphol , Kulworawanichpong Thanatchai , Sumpavakup Chaiyut
Published: January 2025

This research investigates the intricate relationship between load variations, environmental conditions, and the resultant stray current generation within DC railway systems. A scaled‐down single‐viaduct model was employed to establish a controlled experimental environment for real‐time monitoring of voltage differentials between the railway tracks and the grounding structure. This research developed a stray current monitoring system for a scaled‐down single‐viaduct model. The system comprises of a power supply, voltage and current measurement capabilities at the power supply, and two levels of stray current measurements at each point. Data such as ambient temperature and humidity, current and voltage at the power supply, and voltage differentials between the railway tracks and the grounding structure are recorded using an Arduino Mega2560 microcontroller. It is hypothesised that stray currents, quantified as voltage differentials between the tracks and the grounding structure, vary in response to changes in load and environmental conditions. Experiments were conducted under various scenarios: variable load, constant load with rain, and constant load across different seasons. The results indicated that with a variable load, the voltage between the tracks increased. During constant load with rain, the average voltage between the tracks rose due to decreased insulation between the tracks and the grounding structure. Lastly, under constant load across different seasons, the most significant voltage change was observed during the rainy season. The findings demonstrate a significant correlation between these variables, with a pronounced influence of environmental conditions, particularly precipitation, on voltage fluctuations. These results underscore the critical importance of effective stray current mitigation strategies for safeguarding the integrity of railway infrastructure and ensuring the safety of personnel. The study offers a valuable contribution to the understanding of stray current phenomena and provides essential insights for the development of advanced protection systems.
Bootstrapping vision–language transformer for monocular 3D visual grounding
Authors: Lei Qi , Sun Shijie , Song Xiangyu , Song Huansheng , Feng Mingtao , Wu Chengzhong
Published: January 2025

In the task of 3D visual grounding using monocular RGB images, it is a challenging problem to perceive visual features and accurately predict the localization of 3D objects based on given geometric and appearances descriptions. Traditional text‐guided attention‐based methods have achieved better results than baselines, but it is argued that there is still potential for improvement in the area of multi‐modal fusion. Thus, Mono3DVG‐TRv2, an end‐to‐end transformer‐based architecture that employs a visual‐text multi‐modal encoder for the alignment and fusion of multi‐modal features, incorporating an enhanced transformer module proven in 2D detection, is introduced. The depth features predicted by the multi‐modal features and the visual‐text features are associated with the learnable queries in the decoder, facilitating more efficient and effective acquisition of geometric information in intricate scenes. Following a comprehensive comparison and ablation study on the Mono3DRefer dataset, this method achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance, markedly surpassing the prior approach. The code will be released at https://github.com/Jade-Ray/Mono3DVGv2.
Multimode resonant microstrip antennas with electrically small patch and frequency scannable circularly polarised angle
Authors: Ji Fei‐Yan , Lu Wen‐Jun , Mao Xiao‐Hui , Zhu Lei
Published: January 2025

Semi‐analytical design approach to electrically small, dual‐mode resonant, wideband circularly polarised (CP) microstrip annular sector patch antenna (MASPA) with variable polarization is proposed for satellite‐assisted Internet‐of‐vehicle (IoV). At first, the upper bound of electrically small patch is theoretically laid down by advancing an interpolated algorithm to the eigen‐roots of the characteristic equation, so that the radius of patch can be rapidly determined in the initial design step. In this way, MASPA with electrically small patch, multimode resonant, and frequency scannable CP angle can be yielded. Dual‐mode resonant MASPAs with flare angles of 330° on air substrate, and 270° on suspended microstrip air/F4B substrates having a profile less than 0.05‐wavelength are then numerically studied and experimentally validated. In the suspended microstrip case, MASPA with maximum patch radius of 0.159‐wavelength (electrically small), equal impedance and tilted CP bandwidths up to 26.6%, and tilted CP angle of θt = −10°–35°, has been successfully implemented. Therefore, the proposed approach should be highly effective for low‐profile, electrically small, wideband CP antenna designs.
Priority‐based resource optimisation and user association in integrated networks
Authors: Sharif Sana , Manzoor Shahid , Ejaz Waleed
Published: January 2025

The future sixth‐generation (6G) networks are envisioned to integrate satellites, aerial, ground, and sea networks to provide seamless connectivity. However, some challenges are associated with integrated networks, including optimal resource utilisation, energy efficiency, delay, higher data rates, heterogeneity, and on‐demand connectivity. This paper focuses on optimising energy efficiency, resource utilisation, and task priority‐based user association. To achieve this, a mathematical framework is formulated to maximise energy efficiency, resource utilisation, and user connectivity in integrated networks while satisfying constraints related to transmit power, data rate, and computation resources. The formulated problem is a binary linear programming problem, as the decision variable is binary and the constraints are linear. The authors solve this optimisation problem using three methods: the branch and bound algorithm (BBA), the interior point method (IPM), and the barrier simplex algorithm (BSA). The authors use the results obtained from BBA as a benchmark to evaluate the performance of IPM and BSA. Simulation results show that the performance of IPM and BSA is comparable to the BBA but with lower complexity.
Characterising WASP-43b’s interior structure: Unveiling tidal decay and apsidal motion
Authors: Bernabò L. M. , Csizmadia Sz. , Smith A. M. S. , Harre J.-V. , Kálmán Sz. , Cabrera J. , Rauer H. , Gandolfi D. , Pino L. , Ehrenreich D. , Hatzes A.
Published: January 2025

Context. Recent developments in exoplanetary research highlight the importance of Love numbers in understanding the internal dynamics, formation, migration history, and potential habitability of exoplanets. Love numbers represent crucial parameters that gauge how exoplanets respond to external forces such as tidal interactions and rotational effects. By measuring these responses, insights into the internal structure, composition, and density distribution of exoplanets can be gained. The rate of apsidal precession of a planetary orbit is directly linked to the second-order fluid Love numbers. Thus, Love numbers can also offer valuable insights into the mass distribution of a planet.

Aims. In this context, we aim to re-determine the orbital parameters of WASP-43b – in particular, the orbital period, eccentricity, and argument of the periastron – and its orbital evolution. We study the outcomes of the tidal interaction with the host star in order to identify whether tidal decay and periastron precession occur in the system.

Methods. We observed WASP-43b with HARPS, whose data we present for the first time, and we also analysed the newly acquired JWST full-phase light curve. We jointly fit new and archival radial velocity and transit and occultation mid-times, including tidal decay, periastron precession, and long-term acceleration in the system.

Results. We detected a tidal decay rate of Ṗa = (−l.99±0.50) ms yr−1 and a periastron precession rate of ω = 0.1727−0.0089+0.0083)° d−1 = (621.72−32.04+29.88)″ d−1). This is the first time that both periastron precession and tidal decay are simultaneously detected in an exoplanetary system. The observed tidal interactions can neither be explained by the tidal contribution to apsidal motion of a non-aligned stellar or planetary rotation axis nor by assuming a non-synchronous rotation for the planet, and a value for the planetary Love number cannot be derived. Moreover, we excluded the presence of a second body (e.g. a distant companion star or a yet undiscovered planet) down to a planetary mass of ≳0.3 MJ and up to an orbital period of ≲3700 days. We leave the question of the cause of the observed apsidal motion open.
Stellar magnetic activity in Earth 2.0 candidates based on LAMOST DR10
Authors: Su Tianhao , Zhang Liyun , Han Xianming L. , Misra Prabhakar , Zhu Zhongzhong , Pi Qingfeng
Published: January 2025

Aims. Stellar chromospheric activity can impact the search for exoplanets. Earth 2.0 (ET 2.0) is a space telescope designed for exoplanet detection. In this work, we survey the stellar chromospheric activity in the ET 2.0 target regions to enhance the detection rate of exoplanets.

Methods. This work uses Hα and Ca II H&K lines as indicators of chromospheric activity and conducts a survey of stellar chromospheric activity in the ET 2.0 target regions using LAMOST low- and medium-resolution spectra. After cross-referencing with the ET 2.0 input catalog, we obtained over 349 000 low-resolution spectra and over 30 000 medium-resolution spectra from LAMOST. We quantified the chromospheric activity intensity for all spectra and selected the results for those with a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) above 10 for further studies of the chromospheric activity. The quantification standards include equivalent width (EW) and the ratio of bolometric luminosity to the corresponding spectral line luminosity (LHα/Lbol, LCaH/Lbol, LCaK/Lbol, LHK/Lbol).

Results. Utilizing Hα and Ca II H&K lines, we evaluated the chromospheric activity for over 320 000 and 110 000 spectra based on LAMOST low-resolution spectra, respectively. In addition, we evaluated chromospheric activity for 34000 spectra using Hα lines based on medium-resolution spectra. We selected samples that are suitable for exoplanet studies, based on Hα and Ca II H&K lines. Additionally, we explored the relationship between stellar activity observed by LAMOST and rotation periods obtained from Kepler and TESS surveys. Our findings confirm the presence of two distinct regions in terms of their relationship between stellar activity and Rossby number (Ro), namely: saturated and unsaturated. We determined a critical Ro in the range of 0.09–0.12 using the r-band spectra of 11 921 stars and u-band spectra of 6120 stars. Moreover, we observe that Ca II H&K lines exhibit greater sensitivity to Ro in the unsaturated region, compared to Ha line measurements. Lastly, we have established positive correlations between various activity indicators, including R′CaK, R′CaH, R′HK, and R′Hα.
Basaltic quasi-mini-moon: Characterizing 2024 PT5 with the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias and the Two-meter Twin Telescope
Authors: de la Fuente Marcos R. , de León J. , Serra-Ricart M. , de la Fuente Marcos C. , Alarcon M. R. , Licandro J. , Geier S. , Tejero A. , Perez Romero A. , Perez-Toledo F. , Cabrera-Lavers A.
Published: January 2025

Context. Small bodies in Earth-like orbits, the Arjunas, are good targets for scientific exploration, and space mining or in situ resource utilization (ISRU) trials as they enable low-cost missions. The subset of these objects that experience recurrent temporarily captured flyby or orbiter episodes are among the best ranked in terms of accessibility. Only a handful of objects are known to have engaged in such a dynamical behavior. Finding and characterizing more of them may help to expand scientific and commercial research activities in space over the next few decades. Asteroid 2024 PT5 is a recent finding that shows dynamical traits in common with this group.

Aims. Here we investigate the orbital context of 2024 PT5 and its spectral and rotational properties.

Method. We studied the short-term orbital evolution of 2024 PT5 using direct N-body simulations. We identified its spectral class from the visible reflectance spectrum and used photometric observations to derive its rotational properties. Observational data were obtained with the OSIRIS camera spectrograph at the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias and the Two-meter Twin Telescope.

Results. Asteroid 2024 PT5 experiences recurrent co-orbital engagements and episodes in which it has negative geocentric orbital energy while inside a geocentric distance under three Hill radii, which we call quasi-mini-moon events. Its visible spectrum is consistent with that of lunar-like silicates. Photometric data suggest a rotation period ≲1 h.

Conclusions. The discovery of 2024 PT5 confirms that events resembling temporary captures are relatively frequent and involve objects larger than a few meters, suitable as accessible targets for scientific research activities and demonstrating ISRU technologies.
J1721+8842: The first Einstein zigzag lens
Authors: Dux F. , Millon M. , Lemon C. , Schmidt T. , Courbin F. , Shajib A. J. , Treu T. , Birrer S. , Wong K. C. , Agnello A. , Andrade A. , Galan A. , Hjorth J. , Paic E. , Schuldt S. , Schweinfurth A. , Sluse D. , Smette A. , Suyu S. H.
Published: January 2025

We report the discovery of the first example of an Einstein zigzag lens, an extremely rare lensing configuration. In this system, J1721+8842, six images of the same background quasar are formed by two intervening galaxies, one at redshift z1 = 0.184 and another at z2 = 1.885. Two out of the six multiple images are deflected in opposite directions as they pass the first lens galaxy on one side and the second on the other side – the optical paths forming zigzags between the two deflectors. In this paper we demonstrate that J1721+8842, previously thought to be a lensed dual quasar, is in fact a compound lens, with the more distant lens galaxy also being distorted as an arc by the foreground galaxy. Evidence supporting this unusual lensing scenario includes: (1) identical light curves in all six lensed quasar images obtained from two years of monitoring at the Nordic Optical Telescope; (2) detection of the additional deflector at redshift z2 = 1.885 in JWST/NIRSpec integral field unit data; and (3) a multiple-plane lens model reproducing the observed image positions. This unique configuration offers the opportunity to combine two major lensing cosmological probes, time-delay cosmography and dual source-plane lensing, since J1721+8842 features multiple lensed sources that form two distinct Einstein radii of different sizes, one of which is a variable quasar. We expect to place tight constraints on H0 and w by combining these two probes of the same system. The z2 = 1.885 deflector, a quiescent galaxy, is also the highest-redshift strong galaxy-scale lens with a spectroscopic redshift measurement known to date.
Improving Goat Meat (Longissimus Muscle) Tenderization by Using Moringa Oleifera Leaves
Authors: Hunin AbdElwhab Mohamed Tasnim , Sumarmono Juni , Fatoni Amin , Zeinalabdeen Abdelgadir Frah Amani , Fadhlurrohman Irfan , Muhammad Yusuf Hassan
Published: January 2025

Moringa oleifera leaves has potential as a natural tenderizing agent for goat meat, explicitly targeting the longissimus muscle. The study aimed to improve goat meat tenderization by using Moringa Oleifera and provide an eco-friendly and health-conscious method for improving the quality of goat meat. Treatments with fresh moringa leaves (as paste 10 gr/100 meat) were applied to goat meat samples (Control = Untreated sample, T1 = treated for 3hr, T2 = treated for 6hr). The treat samples were left in the fridge at temperatures 4 to 3 and 6 hr followed by assessments of texture profile (TPA), pH, color, and cooking loss (CL); the results show texture profile (hardness and toughness) significant (p< 0.05) between control and treat samples, (Adhesiveness et al.) insignificant (p< 0.05), without adverse effects on cooking loss (CL). On the other hand, the Moringa leaves paste increased the PH of treated samples compared with the control. It was some changes in color characteristics, especially in (Redness (a*) and (Yellowness (b*), without adverse effects on (lightness L*); these changes are beneficial for enhancing the visual appeal of particular meat and meat products while also contributing to their nutritional quality to consumers. The present results suggest that Moringa oleifera seems to be a promising source of exogenous enzymes for meat tenderization.
The Influence of Physical Activity, Fast Food, and Body Composition on Hypercholesterolemia in Young Adults: A Step Toward SDGs - Good Health and Well-being
Authors: Sari Hesti Permata , Fadlilah Synta Haqqul , Febriani Ayu Rizky , Yasmin Alya , Fadilah Fitria Nur , Azizah Nisa Fithri
Published: January 2025

Hypercholesterolemia is a condition marked by elevated cholesterol levels in the blood, which can increase the risk of heart disease, hypertension, and stroke. Lifestyle factors primarily influence this condition. This study examines the relationship between fast food consumption patterns, body composition, and physical activity with blood cholesterol levels. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Participants were 19-25 yo, non-smokers, and had no Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) history. Body composition was assessed using Bio Impedance Analysis (BIA), fast food consumption through a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and physical activity using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Data were analysed sing Pearson correlation followed by multiple linear regression. The analysis revealed significant relationships between blood cholesterol and per cent body fat (p=0.000; r=0.403), visceral fat (p=0.000; r=0.434), fast food consumption (p=0.000; r=0.528), and physical activity (p=0.000; r=-0.585). The regression analysis indicated that fast food consumption, visceral fat, and physical activity collectively influence blood cholesterol, with correlation coefficients of 0.09, 3.22, and -0.04, respectively. Fast food intake, per cent body fat, visceral fat, and physical activity levels are all associated with blood cholesterol levels.
Developing a sustainable development model in Banyumas Regency: Challenges, Opportunities and Global Cooperation Network
Authors: Fitrah Elpeni , Kartika Bintarsari Nuriyeni , Sabhita Kusuma Ayusia , Adi Setyorini Fitri , Darmawan Arif , Asma Nailah Afifah , Mokhamad Luthfi Raden
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the formulation of a sustainable development model in Banyumas Regency, Indonesia, an area with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8, which focuses on promoting inclusive and sustainable economic growth, employment, and decent work for all. The research uses mixed techniques to analyse obstacles, possibilities, and global collaboration networks, comprehensively examining the dynamics of sustainable development in the region. The report delineates economic concerns, including resource scarcity and unequal distribution; environmental issues, such as land degradation and the impacts of climate change; and social challenges, encompassing healthcare accessibility and educational inequalities. Notwithstanding these challenges, Banyumas exhibits considerable potential for sustainable development, with ample natural resources, a cooperative local government, and vigorous community involvement. The study highlights the essential function of global cooperation networks in facilitating sustainable development initiatives via collaboration with international organisations, information exchange, and access to worldwide resources. This enhances comprehension of local, sustainable development dynamics and underscores the significance of cross-border cooperation. The findings seek to guide strategic policy initiatives that tackle current issues while leveraging potential opportunities, fostering a comprehensive and equitable approach to sustainable development in Banyumas that may serve as a paradigm for other swiftly developing areas.
Uncovering the Impact of Financial Anxiety on Emotional Exhaustion and Financial Performance of MSMEs and the Role of Islamic Financial Literacy: Implementation of the Third Sustainable Development Goal of the United Nations
Authors: Lestari Sri , Laksmi Indyastuti Devani , Pradipta Setyanto Refius
Published: January 2025

This study examines the impact of financial anxiety on emotional Exhaustion and financial performance of SMEs in Central Java. This study also test Islamic financial literacy as moderating variable. This research supports the third sustainable development goal of the United Nations: good health and wellbeing. A cross-sectional survey method was used with a sample of 375 SME owners from the Banyumas, Banjarnegara, Cilacap, and Purbalingga districts, calculated based on the Krejcie and Morgan formula. Data were collected through randomly distributed questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS AMOS Version 23. The results show that financial anxiety is positively related to emotional Exhaustion and negatively associated with SME financial performance. Islamic financial literacy was found to moderate the relationship between financial anxiety and emotional Exhaustion, reducing the negative impact of financial anxiety. Emotional Exhaustion also negatively affects SME financial performance. These findings highlight the importance of enhancing Islamic financial literacy and stress management in addressing the adverse effects of financial anxiety and emotional Exhaustion. Interventions focusing on Islamic financial literacy and psychological wellbeing can improve the performance and sustainability of SMEs in Indonesia, helping them overcome financial and emotional challenges for long-term success.